bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety profiles of sevoflurane in pediatric patients: a real-world pharmacovigilance assessment based on the FAERS database
Authors: Yang Chuang , Deng Bangjian , Wen Qiang , Guo Pei , Liu Xiang , Wang Chen
Published: February 2025

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the safety profile of sevoflurane in pediatric populations using real-world data.

Methods

Data were extracted from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) from the first quarter of 2004 to the third quarter of 2024. We analyzed reports where sevoflurane was the primary suspect in individuals aged 0–18, employing disproportionality analysis to detect adverse events associated with sevoflurane. We also compared the adverse events related to sevoflurane between pediatric and adult populations.

Results

The FAERS database yielded 21,838,627 adverse event reports for children, with 474 involving sevoflurane as the primary suspect. Descriptive analysis revealed a majority of reports from male patients, primarily reported by physicians. Disproportionality analysis identified significant System Organ Classes (SOC) signals associated with sevoflurane, meeting four detection criteria, including “Cardiac disorders,” “Respiratory, thoracic, and mediastinal disorders,” and “Vascular disorders.” The study also identified previously unreported adverse events, such as “Encephalopathy” and “Hypercapnia.” Notable differences in signals were observed between children and adults for “Pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage,” “Anaphylactic shock,” and “Hypotension.”

Conclusion

Our analysis of the FAERS database identified several significant adverse events associated with sevoflurane in pediatrics, affecting the cardiovascular, respiratory, and nervous systems. Differences in adverse event signals between children and adults were also observed. Furthermore, the new adverse events (such as encephalopathy and hypercapnia) indicated that anesthesiologists should be more vigilant in administering sevoflurane.
Unpacking the benefits of black soldier fly frass fertilizer towards nematode suppression and potato production
Authors: Anedo Emmanuel O. , Beesigamukama Dennis , Mochoge Benson , Korir Nicholas K. , Haukeland Solveig , Cheseto Xavier , Nyongesa Moses , Pwaipwai Patrick , Subramanian Sevgan , Tenkouano Abdou , Kibaara Betty , Tanga Chrysantus M.
Published: February 2025

Potato production is hindered by soil degradation and nematode infestation. Mineral fertilizers and synthetic nematicides are costly and cause negative impacts on humans and the environment, while organic fertilizers are less effective for soil health and nematode management. This study demonstrates the contribution of black soldier fly frass fertilizer (BSFFF) in nematode suppression and potato productivity when compared to commercial mineral fertilizer, organic fertilizer (SAFI), and nematicide. The on-farm experiments consisted of eight treatments: BSFFF, SAFI, BSFFF+5%chitin, NPK+nematicide, 50%BSFFF+50%NPK, 50%SAFI+50%NPK, 50%BSFFF+5% chitin+50%NPK, and control (unfertilized soil). Results revealed that all fertilizer treatments significantly increased potato growth, number of tubers (34 – 61%), and tuber yield (20 – 72%) relative to the control. Application of BSFFF+5% chitin produced 9 – 28% higher tubers per plant compared to other treatments. Over 26% higher tuber yield was achieved using BSFFF+5% chitin compared to NPK+nematicide treatment. Soil amendment with BSFFF+5% chitin caused 5–35% higher reduction in the number of cysts per 200 g soil-1 compared to NPK+nematicide and SAFI treatments. The same treatment reduced the PCN reproduction rate by 20% and 75% compared to NPK + nematicide and SAFI, respectively. Both BSFFF and NPK+nematicide treatments achieved comparable suppression of the number of eggs and infective juveniles (J2) per cyst-1 and eggs g-1 of soil. However, BSFFF+5% chitin reduced the number of eggs and J2 per cyst-1 and eggs g-1 of soil by 55–92% compared to SAFI. Our findings demonstrate that chitin-fortified BSFFF can significantly contribute to potato cyst nematode suppression and boost potato yields in smallholder farming systems, thus, making it a promising and sustainable alternative to commercial fertilizers and nematicides. Adopting this regenerative and multipurpose fertilizer will reduce reliance on synthetic fertilizers and nematicides, which are costly and harmful to the environment and human health.
Exploring the potential role of EPSPS mutations for enhanced glyphosate resistance in Nicotiana tabacum
Authors: Li Bingjie , Chen Chen , Cui Mengmeng , Sun Yuhe , Lv Jing , Dai Changbo
Published: February 2025

Glyphosate is a widely used non-selective, broad-spectrum, systemic herbicide by interfering with the biosynthesis of aromatic amino acids. However, the emergence of glyphosate-resistant weeds has driven the need for enhanced herbicide resistance in crops. In this study, we engineered two mutant variants of the tobacco EPSPS gene through amino acid substitution (TIPS-NtEPSPS and P180S-NtEPSPS). These mutated EPSPS genes were overexpressed in tobacco under the control of CaMV35S promoters. Our results demonstrate that overexpression of TIPS-NtEPSPS significantly enhances glyphosate tolerance, allowing plants to withstand up to four times the recommended dose without compromising their fitness. This research highlights the potential of the TIPS-NtEPSPS mutant to improve herbicide resistance in tobacco, offering a viable approach for effective weed management.
Validity and reliability of the executive function scale in Cuban university student
Authors: Díaz-Guerra Diego D. , Hernández-Lugo Marena De La C. , Ramos-Galarza Carlos , Broche-Pérez Yunier
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Executive functions are higher cognitive skills involved in planning, organization, decision-making, impulse control, and working memory. It is essential to have tools that allow for the accurate and reliable assessment of this construct in university students. This study aims to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Executive Functions Scale for University Students (UEF-1) in the Cuban population.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted in which an online survey was administered to 1,092 Cuban university students representing 14 of the country’s 16 provinces. Descriptive analyses, confirmatory factor analyses, and Pearson correlation analyses were used to assess the psychometric properties of the scale.

Results

Significant correlations were obtained between the scale factors, and the original seven-factor structure was confirmed. The scale demonstrated good internal consistency and overall reliability (α = 0.91, ω = 0.91).

Conclusion

The study provided evidence that the UEF-1 is a reliable and valid tool for assessing executive functions in Cuban university students. This measure provides a comprehensive understanding of the cognitive abilities and functioning of Cuban university students, allowing for the identification of specific areas of executive functioning that may benefit from additional support or intervention.
Association between living arrangements, social support, and depression among middle-aged and older adults: a mediation analysis from the CHARLS survey
Authors: Jin Fenghua , Hu Yixuan
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Living alone was reported to be associated with a higher risk of depression. Social support may play a crucial role in mediating this association. However, data are limited.

Methods

Data for wave 5 (2020) of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were extracted. Associations between living arrangements and social support or depression were assessed by multivariable logistic regression models. Causal mediation analysis under a counterfactual framework was employed to evaluate the mediation effect of social support in the association between living arrangements and depression, which was performed by fitting two logistic regression models. The mediation effect is measured by the percentage mediated.

Results

A total of 17,418 participants were included in this study, of which 208 (1.2%) lived alone. Compared to participants not living alone, those living alone were associated with a higher risk of low social support (10.6% vs. 3.9%; adjusted OR [aOR], 1.75; 95% CI, 1.10–2.80) and depression (15.4% vs. 7.2%; adjusted OR, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.02–2.28). Mediation analyses revealed that 2.7% (95% CI, −1.1% to 6.5%) of the relationship between living arrangements and depression was mediated by social support. Sensitivity analyses by varying definitions of living alone or limiting analysis in the elderly population yielded consistent results.

Conclusions

Low social support did not mediate the association between living status and depression. Tailored strategies for improving living arrangements may needed to improve the mental health of living alone older adults.
The dose–effect relationship between acupuncture and its effect on primary insomnia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoni , Wang Yue , Liu Chengyong , Qin Shan , Lin Liyu , Dong Can , Wu Wenzhong , Chen Zhaoming
Published: February 2025

Background

The benefits of acupuncture on primary insomnia (PI) have been well established in previous studies. However, different acupuncture dosages may lead to controversy over its efficacy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between the dose and efficacy of acupuncture for the treatment of PI.

Methods

Seven databases were searched from inception until May 30, 2024. The included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with acupuncture for PI on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scores were divided into three categories according to the therapeutic dose of acupuncture (frequency, session, and course): low dosage, medium dosage, and high dosage. The correlation between the dose and the effect of treatment was analyzed. Risk of bias was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s risk of bias tool. Meta-analyses were performed using RevMan v.5.4 and Stata 16.0 software.

Results

A total of 56 studies were included. There were 17 sham acupuncture-controlled RCTs that are notable because of their high quality. Overall, the effect on the reduction of the PSQI scores varied across the different acupuncture dosages. For the frequency of acupuncture, the results showed a significant improvement in the moderate frequency (three sessions per week) and high frequency (five to seven sessions per week) categories. With regard to the acupuncture session, it was shown that moderate session (12–20 sessions) and high session (24–30 sessions) had better effects on the reduction of the PSQI scores, with low session (≤10 sessions) being not significant. For the acupuncture course, there were no differences in the short course (≤2 weeks) and the long course (>4 weeks) between the acupuncture group and the control group. Medium course (3–4 weeks) was considered as the optimal course. In addition, there were no differences between acupuncture and SATV (sham acupuncture therapy at verum points) on the same acupuncture points in the PSQI scores. The results of GRADE assessment demonstrated that the level of evidence was very low to moderate, probably due to the poor methodological quality and the substantial heterogeneity among studies.

Conclusions

A dose–effect relationship was found between the acupuncture dose and the PSQI scores. Although sham acupuncture needling at the same points as those in acupuncture may not be a true placebo control, this was utilized in a minority of studies. Collectively, the data suggest that at least three sessions per week for 3–4 weeks and a total of at least 12 acupuncture sessions would be the optimal clinical response.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/, identifier CRD42024560078.
Cluster analysis of cutting technique—a valuable approach for assessing anterior cruciate ligament injury risk?
Authors: Mausehund Lasse , Patron Anri , Äyrämö Sami , Krosshaug Tron
Published: February 2025

Background

Despite extensive efforts to pinpoint singular biomechanical risk factors for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, research findings are still inconclusive. By combining multiple biomechanical variables, cluster analyses could help us identify safe and risky cutting technique strategies.

Purpose

To identify common movement strategies during cutting maneuvers and to assess their association with ACL injury risk.

Methods

A total of 754 female elite handball and football players, including 59 with a history of ACL injury, performed a sport-specific cutting task while 3D biomechanics were recorded. Over an 8-year follow-up period, 43 of these players sustained a primary ACL injury and 13 players a secondary ACL injury. Cutting technique was described using 36 discrete kinematic variables. To identify different cutting techniques, we employed a K-means clustering algorithm on data subsets involving different numbers of kinematic variables (36, 13 and 5 variables) and different sports (handball, football, and both combined). To assess the impact of the identified cutting technique clusters on ACL injury risk, we compared the proportion of injured players between these clusters using the Fisher-Freeman-Halton Exact test and adjusted rand indices (ARI).

Results

We identified two distinguishable cutting technique clusters in the subset involving both sports and five kinematics variables (average silhouette score, ASS = 0.35). However, these clusters were formed based on sport- or task-related differences (Fisher's p < 0.001, ARI = 0.83) rather than injury-related differences (Fisher's p = 0.417, ARI = 0.00). We also found two cutting technique clusters in the handball (ASS = 0.23) and football (ASS = 0.30) subsets with five kinematic variables. However, none of these clusters appeared to be associated with ACL injury risk (Fisher's p > 0.05, ARI = 0.00).

Conclusion

No safe or risky cutting technique strategies could be discerned among female elite handball and football players. Cluster analysis of cutting technique, using a K-means algorithm, did not prove to be a valuable approach for assessing ACL injury risk in this dataset.
Implication of inter-joint coordination on the limb symmetry index measured during the seated single-arm horizontal push test
Authors: Blache Y. , Degot M. , de Sousa T. , Rogowski I.
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The seated single-arm horizontal push test (SSAHPT) could be used to assess unilateral upper-extremity power. While superior performance of the dominant side compared to the nondominant one (LSI) is often observed, causes of this bilateral imbalance remain unclear. This study aimed to assess the influence of upper-extremity dominance on both inter-joint coordination and joint contribution in SSAHPT.

Methods

Twenty-five healthy male athletes were fitted with reflective markers and performed SSAHPT with the dominant and nondominant sides. Humerothoracic, elbow and wrist joint contributions to the horizontal medicine ball velocity were computed. The temporal occurrence of joint peak contribution was used to assess inter-joint coordination.

Results

The temporal occurrence of joint peak contribution occurred in a proximo-to-distal sequence at the dominant side, while at the nondominant side, joint peak contribution first occurred at shoulder, then simultaneously at elbow and wrist. The elbow joint contributed the most to the horizontal medicine ball velocity, but its relative contribution was significantly greater for the nondominant limb than the dominant one (p < 0.05).

Discussion

These findings highlight that SSAHPT bilateral asymmetry is explained by a change in motor patterns, as inter-joint coordination and contribution, between the dominant and nondominant sides. From a practical perspective, our findings suggest that for healthy athletes, firstly the LSI observed during SSAHPT may not be used as a good indicator of bilateral imbalance in upper-extremity power, and secondly SSAHPT performance reflects primarily elbow joint velocity capacities and then shoulder ones.
Are Emirati consumers in United Arab Emirates open to alternative proteins? Insights into their attitudes and willingness to replace animal protein sources
Authors: Maqsood Sajid , Ajayi Feyisola Fisayo , Mostafa Hussein , Lawal Kehinde Ganiyat , Mubaiwa Juliet , Alantali Nora , Alshihhi Maryam , Aldhaheri Meera
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Replacing animal protein with alternative sources is gaining popularity for sustainable food systems and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Understanding consumers’ views on alternative proteins is crucial for widespread adoption. Research shows acceptance and preferences vary across cultures, but there is no data for the United Arab Emirates (UAE). This study investigates the influence of dietary habits, objective knowledge, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control on willingness to replace meat with alternatives by Emiratis. Further, the factors that drive willingness to replace meat are investigated.

Methods

An online survey with 1,666 native UAE nationals assessed their knowledge, attitudes, and acceptance of plant-based proteins, microalgae, edible insects, and cultured meat. In the study, Emirati citizens between the ages of 18 and 65, who have resided in the UAE for most of their lives, were selected. A total of 1,666 out of 2,600 individuals who expressed interest participated in the study. Data was analyzed using Pearson Chi-square to correlate two demographic variables and linear regression to identify predictors that influence the participants to shift toward alternative proteins.

Results

About 51.2% of Emiratis were familiar with alternative proteins, with 74% preferring plant-based options. Using linear regression model, the following were factors influencing willingness to replace meat: (i) meat, dairy and cereal attachment, (ii) sustainability awareness, (iii) awareness of alternative proteins, (iv) nutrition consciousness, (v) availability of alternative proteins, (vi) taste of alternative proteins products, and (vii) advertisement. Sustainability concerns alone did not drive purchases, but focusing on sensory qualities and advertising could lead to a shift.

Discussion

Our findings bring insights on the knowledge, attitude, and determinants of willingness of native Emiratis toward the purchase and replacement of meat with “alternative proteins-based” food products. The successful shift to alternative proteins will depend on enhancing consumer sensory satisfaction, cost, doubts, health, and cultural significance. This study indicates that Emiratis consume animal proteins on a regular basis, leading us to classify them as individuals with a high meat intake. Incorporating plant-based proteins into food design shows promise for promoting sustainable diets in the UAE and beyond.
Influencing factors of adherence to sustainable diets: a systematic review of behavioral theories
Authors: Fatemi Seyedeh Fatemeh , Tehrani Hadi , Khosravi Maryam , Doosti Hassan , Rasaei Niloufar , Sobhani Seyyed Reza
Published: February 2025

This systematic review aims to identify factors influencing adherence to a sustainable diet based on behavioral theories. We searched four databases, including PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Science Direct, for observational studies assessing sustainable food consumption according to the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB), the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA), and the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) up to December 01, 2023. Additionally, the reference lists of original studies were screened, and 12 papers were analyzed. In identifying triggers for consumers’ behavioral changes, we found that improving food choice skills is a valuable strategy to enhance an individual’s perceived control and ability to adopt sustainable eating behaviors. The most recurrent predictors for sustainable food choices were attitudes, Perceived Behavioral Control, subjective norms, experience, and personal factors. This study provides valuable insights into the factors influencing consumer behavior and offers opportunities to promote sustainable food choices.
Exploring the genotypic potential of perilla (Perilla frutescens L.) for climate-resilient agriculture in the North Eastern Himalayas
Authors: Ansari Meraj Alam , Kumar Amit , Ahammed Shabeer T. P. , Kumar Alok , Roy Subhra Saikat , Ansari Majhrool Hak , Singh Raghavendra , Sangeeta Moirangthem , Layek Jayanta , Prakash Narendra , Mishra Vinay K.
Published: February 2025

Perilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton) is a potential but often neglected oilseed crop. It has a long cultivation history among tribal farmers in the hilly regions of North Eastern India and China. Perilla, with its rich fatty acids, essential nutrients, antioxidants, and phenolic acids, holds immense potential for climate-resilient agriculture in rainfed areas. Large-scale cultivation of perilla improves food security and offers numerous health benefits, including cardiovascular support and disease prevention, thereby enhancing human wellbeing. However, the genetic complexity of its fatty acid composition, nutrient content, and yield-associated agronomic traits remains poorly understood. To dissect the genetic basis, we evaluated 28 diverse genotypes of perilla across three growing seasons for eight agronomic traits and 16 biochemical traits, which revealed substantial phenotypic and biochemical variation. Agronomic traits displayed significant variability, with seed yield showing the highest coefficient of variation (CV), while leaf length showed the lowest CV. For oil quality traits, the maximum CV was observed for the omega-6:omega-3 ratio (12.08%) and the minimum for polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) (4.12%), with an average variation of 7.16%. Seed yield exhibited a positive correlation with copper (Cu), potassium (K), and iron (Fe), while PUFAs showed a positive correlation with omega-6 and a negative correlation with saturated fatty acids (SFAs). Principal component analysis indicated that the first two components explained 71.28% of the variance, with omega-6 and PUFAs: SFA contributing most to principal component 1 (PC1) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and omega-9 contributing most to principal component 2 (PC2). The genotypes RCT 30 and RCT 3 showed the highest contributions to both components (PC1 and PC2). This study provides valuable insights into the genotypic potential of perilla for enhancing its yield, oil quality, and nutrient composition, with significant implications for breeding programs aimed at developing climate-resilient varieties for the North Eastern Himalayas.
Porto Alegre Line predicts lenticulostriate arteries encasement and extent of resection in insular gliomas. A preliminary study
Authors: Isolan Gustavo Rassier , Bark Samir Ale , Monteiro Jander Moreira , Mattei Tobias A. , Yağmurlu Kaan , Gonçalves Rafaela Fernandes , Malafaia Osvaldo , Roesler Rafael , Filho Jurandir Marcondes Ribas
Published: February 2025

Object

In insular glioma surgery, lenticulostriate arteries (LSTa) tumoral encasement increases neurological deficits risk despite intensive efforts to preserve the internal capsule's integrity. In this study, we focus on the LSTa relationships with the medial aspect of the insular tumors. We propose a new non-invasive method for LSTa involvement prediction in preoperative MRI (Porto Alegre Line). We compare it with direct intraoperative encased LSTa visualization.

Methods

A retrospective review of our database of 52 patients of insular glioma was performed. In cases with no tumor located medial to Porto Alegre line, our medial resection limit, mainly for the tumor part located next to the limen insula, was the inferior fronto-occipital fasciculus (IFOF), identified through altered speech patterns during electric subcortical stimulation. In cases with no assumed LSTa involvement, the parameter used to stop resection was the confirmation of the corticospinal tract with 10-mA stimulus. The resection limit of tumors placed medially to the Porto Alegre line was intraoperative direct LSTa visualization.

Results

The LSTa involvement was the most critical medial limiting factor in more aggressive tumor resection and an excellent overall survival (P = 0.022). In cases in which there were direct intraoperative LSTa encasement visualization, Porto Alegre Line was employed as an MRI preoperative landmark for prediction of LSTa involvement in those patients with Sensitivity, Specificity, Positive Predictive Values of 1, 0.975 and 0.923, respectively.

Conclusion

We have found that LSTa encasement is a limiting factor to reach a satisfactory extent of resection and that Porto Alegre Line can predict it.
Case Report: Intradural gout tophi without systemic gout symptoms
Authors: Qing Peidong , Xie Shiming , Feng Chaoqun , Xu Hongda , Zhao Shengxin , Zhang Lei , Deng Haitao , Wang Yehui , Hu Youpeng
Published: February 2025

Background

Gout is a common disease; however, a gout tophus occurring within the spinal dura is exceedingly rare, with only two cases reported to date.

Case presentation

We report the case of a 70-year-old female who presented with lower back pain, right radicular pain, and numbness in the perineal area. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography scans revealed a calcified intradural lesion at the L3 level. The diagnosis of the lesion was not definitive because the patient had no history of gout or manifestations of systemic gout. Surgical removal of the intradural lesion followed by pathological examination confirmed gouty tophi. The postoperative recovery was good, and the patient experienced substantial relief from pain and numbness.

Conclusion

This is the third documented case of gout tophi occurring within the spinal dura. In a literature review, it was found that none of these three patients with intradural gouty tophi had systemic gout manifestations or hyperuricemia, which is a crucial finding. As it is challenging to diagnose intradural gout, awareness among physicians must be increased to optimize the treatment of, and outcomes for, these patients.
Oral delivery of bovine tuberculosis vaccine to free-ranging white-tailed deer
Authors: VerCauteren Kurt , Feuka Abigail , Lavelle Michael , Glow Michael , Kohen Keely , Ryan Patrick , Aderman Tony , Duffiney Anthony , Palmer Mitchell , Boggiatto Paola M. , Kanipe Carly , Hamby Hayden , Ruell Emily , Cosgrove Melinda , Vanderklok Michael , Snow Nathan , Pepin Kim M. , Campa Henry
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Free-ranging white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) are a self-sustaining reservoir for bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in northeastern lower Michigan, (United States) continually putting the area’s cattle industry at risk. Liberal recreational deer harvest, baiting bans, and mitigation measures on farms have reduced but not eliminated bTB in deer nor have they eliminated transmission to cattle. With apparent prevalence in deer being low (1–2%) but constant, vaccination could be an additional tool to aid in addressing the problem and merits investigation. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine is a widely used human vaccine for tuberculosis that has also been well studied in domestic livestock and wildlife. It is the primary vaccine candidate, and oral delivery is the logical means for delivering it to free-ranging deer, although this has never previously been attempted.

Materials and methods

Building off methods and strategies developed for vaccinating deer, we incorporated BCG vaccine into vaccine delivery units (DUs), consisting of a food-based matrix. We deployed DUs at sites in Michigan with a historically high prevalence of bTB. At each site, 100 DUs were placed systematically 2.5-m apart on 50-m x 10-m grids and monitored with still and video cameras. Consumption, still images, and video data were analyzed to assess uptake of vaccine DUs by deer.

Results and discussion

Vaccine DUs were deployed in 2024 at 11 agricultural sites on private land which had previously demonstrated moderate to high deer activity and at all but two sites >50% of distributed vaccine DU’s were consumed, with 100% consumed at two sites. Deer learned to seek out and consume vaccine DU’s in just 1 to 3 days, with individuals often eating more than the 1 or 2 needed to vaccinate themselves. This high level of consumption was in spite of an exceptionally warm and dry winter, where deer were less food stressed than usual.
New Transonic Tests of HB-2 Hypersonic Standard Models in the VTI T-38 Trisonic Wind Tunnel
Authors: Damljanović Dijana , Vuković Đorđe , Ocokoljić Goran , Rašuo Boško
Published: February 2025

Recent experience has shown that test results of standard wind tunnel models under off-design conditions could be a useful aid in preparations of some nonstandard wind tunnel tests. However, reference data for such conditions do not exist, or they are scarce. Therefore, off-design transonic wind tunnel tests of the HB-2 standard models were executed in the VTI T-38 wind tunnel as a supplement to the supersonic tests of the same models under design-intent conditions, for which reference results were available. New tests were conducted so that test envelopes partially overlapped with those from available supersonic reference data. Good agreements of results with references were confirmed in the overlapped ranges, so it was assumed that, by implication, the obtained results were also valid in the transonic range of conditions, with an observation that the effects of sting diameter were much more pronounced in the transonic range than in the supersonic one. HB-2 models were tested in two sizes, using two different wind tunnel balances for each model, so that the results can be used with more confidence.
Arsenic Accumulation in Pakchoi Influenced by Acidification-Driven Changes in Soil Properties and Arsenic Transformation
Authors: Chen Jianjie , Jiang Zhenmao , Wei Shiqiang
Published: February 2025

Soil acidification activates most of the cationic heavy metals in soil and thus enhances their accumulation in crops, posing an accentuated threat to human health, while there is limited knowledge regarding the accumulation of metalloid arsenic (As) in crops, which is influenced by acidification due to its opposite behavior in soil. In this study, the acidification processes of neutral purple soil together with the accompanied changes in soil properties and As fractionation were examined through a column-leaching experiment. Subsequently, growth and As accumulation in pakchoi (Brassica campestris L.) were investigated under various combinations of soil pH and As pollution levels in a pot experiment. This allowed us to elucidate the mechanisms of As accumulation in pakchoi under the co-stresses of soil acidification and As pollution. The results indicated that soil acidification followed a two-phase process, initially rapid and later slow, with a turning point at a pH of 4.7–4.8. Below this critical pH, the leaching rates of base ions and As accelerated significantly and the decomposition of primary minerals began, primarily from chlorite to green/mesospheric minerals, resulting in a substantial increase in the content of amorphous iron oxide. Meantime, soil As was transformed from highly labile forms, such as non-specifically and specifically adsorbed forms, to less active ones like amorphous hydrous oxide-bound and residual forms, resulting in decreased As availability. In this context, As pollution remarkably delayed the growth of pakchoi, while the influence of acidification on growth only occurred when the soil was acidified to a pH lower than 6, as demonstrated by a substantial biomass reduction at higher As levels and a 41.8% biomass decrease at pH 4.6. Moreover, soil acidification exacerbated the inhibitory effect of As on pakchoi growth. The As contents in the edible parts of pakchoi dramatically increased with the increase in the soil As level, and soil acidification did not mitigate As accumulation in plants via the suppression of soil As availability but rather greatly increased it due to the bioconcentration effect caused by As toxicity. In conclusion, significant interactions existed between soil acidification and As pollution in terms of soil properties and As transformation, leading to comprehensive effects on growth and As accumulation in crops.
Earthworm Population Response to Simplified Tillage and Shortened Crop Rotations in a Central Lithuanian Cambisol: A Five-Year Study
Authors: Seibutis Vytautas , Tamošiūnas Kęstutis , Deveikytė Irena , Kadžienė Gražina , Semaškienė Roma
Published: February 2025

This five-year study examined the impact of simplified tillage practices and shortened crop rotations on soil physical attributes and earthworm populations as an important indicator of soil health in Central Lithuanian Cambisols. The experiment was set up following a split-plot design to compare conventional tillage and no-tillage systems across three rotation schemes (three-field, two-field, and monoculture). The experiment was carried out over a period of 5 years, from 2010 to 2014. Preliminary soil conditions revealed notable disparities in moisture content across tillage methods (20.0 ± 0.3% against 17.9 ± 0.3% at a depth of 5–10 cm; p < 0.001), although variations in bulk density were more evident in the deeper soil layer (1.42 ± 0.02 versus 1.47 ± 0.01 mg m−3 at 15–20 cm). Earthworm abundance exhibited a strong negative association with bulk density (r = −0.612, p = 0.041) and a positive correlation with total porosity (r = 0.583, p = 0.044) in the upper soil layer. Notably, this study revealed the unexpected resilience of earthworm populations to tillage practices, with no significant differences between conventional and no-till systems (F1,108 = 1.414, p = 0.237). Rotation effects showed more significance than tillage intensity, as both two-field and three-field rotations sustained comparable earthworm populations (127.5–131.2 ind. m−2, 32.8–35.4 g m−2), but monoculture exhibited markedly lower figures (105.0 ± 13.2 ind. m−2, 25.6 ± 2.7 g m−2; p < 0.048). Three-way ANOVA indicated substantial temporal effects (F4,108 = 17.227, p < 0.001), demonstrating that environmental influences gained prominence as systems evolved. These findings challenge traditional assumptions about tillage impacts on soil fauna and indicate that crop diversification within the rotation cycle, rather than tillage intensity or rotation duration, is the essential determinant for sustaining earthworm populations in agricultural systems. Soil structural factors proved to be a significant factor but played a less substantial role.
Molecular and Physiological Responses of Litopenaeus vannamei to Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stress
Authors: Zhao Qianqian , Wei Cun , Dou Jiangling , Sun Yue , Zeng Qifan , Bao Zhenmin
Published: February 2025

Environmental stressors such as nitrogen and phosphorus play a critical role in regulating the growth and physiological functions of Litopenaeus vannamei, a key species in aquaculture. This study investigates the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus stress on shrimp growth, oxidative stress, tissue damage, and molecular mechanisms. Exposure to increasing concentrations of nitrogen and phosphorus significantly reduced growth rates. Oxidative stress markers, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), and malondialdehyde (MDA), indicated heightened oxidative damage under both stress conditions, with nitrogen stress causing more severe responses than phosphorus stress. Histopathological analysis revealed substantial damage to the gills and hepatopancreas, organs essential for respiration and metabolism. Transcriptomic analysis identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) enriched in apoptosis, lysosome, sphingolipid metabolism, and phagosome pathways, suggesting shared molecular responses to nitrogen and phosphorus stress. The results demonstrate that L. vannamei initiates oxidative and immune responses to cope with environmental stressors, but the adaptive capacity remains limited. These findings provide a foundation for understanding the stress tolerance mechanisms in shrimp and inform future strategies for breeding high-resistance strains in aquaculture.
Divergent Requirements for Glutathione Biosynthesis During Osteoclast Differentiation In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: Hu Guoli , Whitaker Amy L. , Zhang Guo-Fang , Karner Courtney M.
Published: February 2025

Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant antioxidant in the cell, and it is responsible for neutralizing reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS can promote osteoclast differentiation and stimulate bone resorption and are some of the primary drivers of bone loss with aging and loss of sex steroids. Despite this, the role of GSH biosynthesis during osteoclastogenesis remains controversial. Here, we show that the requirements for GSH biosynthesis during osteoclastogenesis in vitro and in vivo are unique. Using a metabolomics approach, we discovered that both oxidative stress and GSH biosynthesis increase during osteoclastogenesis. Inhibiting GSH biosynthesis in vitro via the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of glutamate cysteine ligase (GCLC) prevented osteoclast differentiation. Conversely, the genetic ablation of GCLC in myeloid cells using LysMCre resulted in a decrease in bone mass in both male and female mice. The decreased bone mass of the LysMCre;Gclcfl/fl mice was attributed to increased osteoclast numbers and elevated bone resorption. Collectively, our data provide strong genetic evidence that GSH biosynthesis is essential for the regulation of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in mice. Moreover, these findings highlight the necessity of complementing in vitro studies with in vivo genetic studies.
Application of Augmented Reality in Waterway Traffic Management Using Sparse Spatiotemporal Data
Authors: Zhang Ruolan , Ai Yue , Li Shaoxi , Hu Jingfeng , Hao Jiangling , Pan Mingyang
Published: February 2025

The development of China’s digital waterways has led to the extensive deployment of cameras along inland waterways. However, the limited processing and utilization of digital resources hinder the ability to provide waterway services. To address this issue, this paper introduces a novel waterway perception approach based on an intelligent navigation marker system. By integrating multiple sensors into navigation markers, the fusion of camera video data and automatic identification system (AIS) data is achieved. The proposed method of an enhanced one-stage object detection algorithm improves detection accuracy for small vessels in complex inland waterway environments, while an object-tracking algorithm ensures the stable monitoring of vessel trajectories. To mitigate AIS data latency, a trajectory prediction algorithm is employed through region-based matching methods for the precise alignment of AIS data with pixel coordinates detected in video feeds. Furthermore, an augmented reality (AR)-based traffic situational awareness framework is developed to dynamically visualize key information. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model significantly outperforms mainstream algorithms. It achieves exceptional robustness in detecting small targets and managing complex backgrounds, with data fusion accuracy ranging from 84.29% to 94.32% across multiple tests, thereby substantially enhancing the spatiotemporal alignment between AIS and video data.
Determining the Optimal Level of Service of the Airport Passenger Terminal for Low-Cost Carriers Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process
Authors: Pivac Jelena , Štimac Igor , Bartulović Dajana , Vidović Andrija
Published: February 2025

Based on the projected growth in passenger air traffic and the need for better utilization of existing capacities, the level of service (LOS) concept in the design and planning of airport terminal facilities is crucial. By monitoring and quickly responding to expected changes in passengers’ and airlines’ needs, better utilization of airport terminal facilities in the passenger terminal can be achieved. The factors that influence the level of service (LOS) from the passenger perspective were evaluated in order to improve the user experience. Definitions of the level of service, key indicators of customer satisfaction, and a decision-making process using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method are described. A survey questionnaire was developed, passengers’ preferences were collected, and an analysis of the results was conducted. A hierarchical AHP decision-making model with associated criteria and sub-criteria was developed to determine the optimal level of service for low-cost carriers. Finally, by using the AHP model, new spatial–temporal parameters for the optimal level of service (LOS) for low-cost carriers (LCCs) are proposed, developed, and presented. The main objective is to adjust the existing LOS concept considering the business characteristics of low-cost carriers, in order to improve the efficiency of airport terminal facilities.
Dynamic Response of Railway Subgrade Under Train Load and Freeze–Thaw Action
Authors: Gao Lei , Luo Linzeng , Lu Ding , Wei Bingbing , Hawng Nan Lau Wa
Published: February 2025

In railway engineering research, there is a notable gap as existing studies often focus separately on train-induced vibrations or freeze–thaw cycle impacts on subgrades, lacking a comprehensive analysis of their combined effects on subgrade dynamic responses. This study developed a three-dimensional finite-element model of a double-track ballastless track railway subgrade. The model considers various conditions, including train speeds of 180 km/h, 200 km/h, and 220 km/h, and soil temperatures of 5 °C, −5 °C, and −15 °C, with typical subgrade materials. The results show that under train load, the maximum vertical displacement of the subgrade decreases as train speed increases. Conversely, the maximum vertical stress and acceleration are directly proportional to the train speed. When the train speed rises from 180 km/h to 220 km/h, the maximum vertical stress of the subgrade increases by 1.1% and 3.1%, respectively. As the soil temperature drops from 5 °C to −15 °C, the maximum vertical displacement of the subgrade decreases. The displacement reduces with increasing distance from the train load. At a specific point A, the maximum vertical stress increases by 2.02% and 1.43%, respectively. Additionally, the deformation of the railway subgrade is directly proportional to the temperature difference. These findings are valuable for understanding subgrade behavior and guiding railway construction in freeze–thaw-affected areas.
Fault-Resilient Manufacturing Scheduling with Deep Learning and Constraint Solvers
Authors: Lee Hyuk
Published: February 2025

As edge computing environments become increasingly dynamic, the need for efficient job scheduling and proactive fault prevention is becoming paramount. In such environments, minimizing machine downtime and maintaining productivity are critical challenges. In this paper, we propose an integrated approach to scheduling optimization that combines deep learning-based fault prediction with Satisfiability Modulo Theories (SMT)-based scheduling techniques. The proposed system predicts fault probabilities for machines in real time by leveraging operational state features such as temperature, vibration, tool wear, and operating hours. These fault predictions are then used as inputs to the SMT solver, which dynamically optimizes job scheduling. The system ensures task completion within deadlines while minimizing fault risks and optimizing resource utilization. To achieve this, the deep learning model continuously updates fault probabilities through a rolling prediction mechanism, allowing the scheduling system to proactively adapt to changing machine conditions. The SMT solver incorporates these predictions into its optimization process, ensuring that the schedule dynamically reflects the latest system state. The proposed method has been evaluated in simulated production line scenarios, demonstrating significant reductions in machine faults, improved scheduling efficiency, and enhanced overall system reliability. By integrating predictive maintenance with optimization techniques, this research contributes to the development of robust and adaptive scheduling systems for dynamic production environments.
Heart Rate, Hematological, and Biochemical Responses to Exercise on Water Treadmill with Artificial River in School Horses
Authors: Sikorska Urszula , Maśko Małgorzata , Rey Barbara , Domino Małgorzata
Published: February 2025

Water treadmill (WT) exercise is gaining popularity among equine athletes as it allows for increased workload through the resistance posed by water. However, the effect of an artificial river (AR), which further increases this resistance, on equine fitness indicators has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to determine whether WT exercise with varying water depths and the presence of an AR influences physiological response indicators. Fifteen school horses (n = 15) underwent five treadmill exercise sessions: on a dry treadmill (DT), in fetlock-depth water with and without AR, and in carpal-depth water with and without AR. Physiological responses were assessed pre-exercise, during the highest workload, and at 30 min and 24 h post-exercise by measuring heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentration (LAC), red blood cell count (RBC), hemoglobin concentration (HGB), and the activity of three serum enzymes: creatine phosphokinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). HR and LAC increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from the pre-exercise resting state to the highest workload time point during treadmill exercise, regardless of session type. During the carpal-depth WT+AR session, horses achieved a fitness level characterized by the highest HR (p < 0.0001), LAC (p < 0.0001), and LDH activity (p = 0.001). Thus, horses’ physiological responses to walking on a WT with AR differ from those observed on a DT and a WT without AR. WT exercise with AR represents a low-to-moderate intensity aerobic workload for horses, which increases with water depth from fetlock to carpal levels. However, further research is required to evaluate its inclusion in training or rehabilitation programs for athletic horses and its potential beneficial effects.
Seismic Site Amplification Characteristics of Makran Subduction Zone Using 1D Non-Linear Ground Response Analysis
Authors: Raza Hammad , Ahmad Naveed , Aaqib Muhammad , Jafri Turab H. , Qureshi Mohsin Usman
Published: February 2025

The Makran Subduction Zone (MSZ) is a tectonic plate boundary where the Arabian Plate is subducting beneath the Eurasian Plate. This study investigated the dynamic response in the Gwadar region, located in the eastern part of the MSZ. A suite of seismic records compatible with the Building Code of Pakistan (BCP:2021) rock design spectrum was used as the input ground motions at the bedrock. The amplification characteristics were assessed through a series of one-dimensional (1D) site response analyses utilizing a non-linear (NL) approach. The results revealed significant de-amplification in soft soils at short spectral periods. A general depth-wise decrease in the shear stress ratio and peak ground acceleration values was observed, influenced by shear-strain-induced effects and shear wave velocity reversals within the site profiles. The code spectra, compared to the proposed design spectra, underestimated the site amplification for stiff soils (i.e., Site Class D) for periods of less than 0.32 s and overestimated it for soft soils (i.e., Site Class E) across all periods. These findings underscore the necessity for site-specific ground response analyses, particularly within the framework of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC).