bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and Economic Burden of Revision Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Bhandari Mohit , Smith Jon , Miller Larry E. , Block Jon E.
Published: December 2012

Surgery is indicated for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis (OA) when conservative measures are unsuccessful. High tibial osteotomy (HTO), unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA), and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) are surgical options intended to relieve knee OA pain and dysfunction. The choice of surgical intervention is dependent on several factors such as disease location, patient age, comorbidities, and activity levels. Regardless of surgical treatment, complications such as infection, loosening or lysis, periprosthetic fracture, and postoperative pain are known risks and are indications for revision surgery. The clinical and economic implications for revision surgery are underappreciated. Over 55,000 revision surgeries were performed in 2010 in the US, with 48% of these revisions in patients under 65 years. Total costs associated with each revision TKA surgery have been estimated to be in excess of $49,000. The current annual economic burden of revision knee OA surgery is $2.7 billion for hospital charges alone. By 2030, assuming a 5-fold increase in the number of revision procedures, this economic burden will exceed $13 billion annually. It is appealing to envision a therapy that could delay or obviate the need for arthroplasty. From an actuarial standpoint, this would have the theoretical downstream effect of substantially reducing the number of revision procedures. Although no known therapies currently meet these criteria, such a breakthrough would have a tremendous impact in lessening the clinical and economic burden of knee OA revision surgery.
Peak to average power ratio reduction for improving the performance of OFDM system
Authors: Tripathi Ankit , Goel Neha
Published: December 2012

Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) has a high tolerance to multipath signals and is spectrally efficient making it a good candidate for future wireless communication systems. One disadvantage of OFDM is that the peak of the signal can be up to N times the average power (where N is the number of carriers). These large peaks increase the amount of intermodulation distortion resulting in an increase in the error rate. The average signal power must be kept low in order to prevent the transmitter amplifier limiting. Minimizing the PAPR allows a higher average power to be transmitted for a fixed peak power, improving the overall signal to noise ratio at the receiver. It is therefore important to minimize the PAPR. The PAPR of an OFDM signal can be reduced in several ways. In this paper, a technique is described for a better than 5 dB reduction in the Peak to Average Power Ratio (PAPR) of an OFDM signal. The optimal amplitude and phase of additional peak reduction carriers (PRC) is obtained using a code-book, which is obtained using a search of all possible signal combinations.Keywords: Introduction, Peak Reduction Carriers, Effect of PRC Position, Simulation Results
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) enhanced file transfer over secure sockets in Linux environment
Authors: Pal Gyanendra Kumar , Malviya A.K. , Tiwari Lokender , Yadav Prashant
Published: December 2012

Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) provides an intensive security mechanism for securing data communication over network. Generally transferring a file over a network is not secure if the network is wireless network or it consists of hubs as a networking device. Because then packets are broadcasts to every other computers over the network. A hub does not remember what all devices are attached to it. It just sends the packets to all its ports. Same in case of wireless networks the data packets are broadcasted. In general scenario the data packets are received by only those clients which are supposed to receive it, but it may be happen that a third party too, called “Sniffers” capture or “sniffed” the data packets during file transaction even if they are not supposed to accept it. In this work we try to enhance the security of file transfer by merging file transfer over secure socket along with Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). If we implement file transfer along with asymmetric key cryptography then there is another problem arises, known as man-in-middle attack. This attack exposes the problem of key validity, in which the attacker intercept the first message and sends its own public key to each. By doing this, attacker pretends to be the other person and hence can read the stream of decrypted traffic and can modify it. To provide privacy and security to file transfer we use Secure Socket Layer (SSL) a communication layer protocol.Keywords: PKI, Secure Sockets, Tunneling, Man-in-Middle Attack, Socket Programming, Packet Sniffer
Contemporary challenges and comprehensive modifications in existing mobile IPv6
Authors: Pandey Purnendu Shekhar , Verma K.S.
Published: December 2012

Several fast handover and better resource utilization techniques were proposed such as L3- Driven Fast Handover and Resource Efficient Care-of-Address Provisioning earlier but these techniques were found beset with various limitations in the view of their fulfilling the fast handover requirement and the demand for fast and real dynamic world applications. To cope up with this demand this paper not only discusses the problem areas within these two techniques but also proposes some viable solutions to the problems MIPv6 is riddled with at present so that they can enhance their capabilities in terms of latency and better utilization of their resources.Keywords: Handover, CoA, Home Agent, Foreign Agent, MIPv4, MIPv6
Improved power quality based high brightness LED lamp driver
Authors: Shrivastava Ashish , Singh Bhim
Published: December 2012

This paper deals with a power factor corrected (PFC) improved power quality based LED lamp driver. The proposed driver consists of a PFC Cuk DC-DC converter which operates in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to improve the power quality at input AC mains. The design, modeling and simulation of an 18W LED (six 3W LEDs in series) driver are carried out in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment for a 220V, 50 Hz AC mains with constant load voltage of 72V. Each LED has a forward voltage of 12V and a forward current of 0.25A. The power quality indices such as total harmonic distortion of AC mains current (THDi), power factor (PF), distortion factor (DF), displacement power factor (DPF) and crest factor (CF) are calculated to study the behavior of proposed LED lamp driver.Keywords: Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), Cuk DC-DC Converter, Diode Bridge Rectifier (DBR), LED Lamp Driver, Power factor Correction (PFC)
BLDC technology and its application in weapon system launching platform
Authors: Mishra Akhilesh K. , Roy Mahesh K. , Mohalkar V.S. , Mishra Rashmi
Published: December 2012

In this paper Brushless DC (BLDC) Technology and its Application in Articulation of Weapon System Launching Platform using Electromechanical Servo Drive is presented. The angular position or linear position of a system can be controlled by rotation or articulation in elevation and azimuth plane. In linear position control angular rotation of the BLDC motor is converted into linear motion by using Electromechanical Actuator to articulate in desired direction. For articulation of a weapon system launching platform, Electromechanical Servo Drives are used. Due to inherent properties of BLDC Technology BLDC Motors and Drives are profoundly used in military and strategic weapon system applications. In this paper, BLDC Motor and Electromechanical Servo Drive System, operating principle, modeling, characteristics and its application in various weapon system programs are discussed.Keywords: BLDC Motor, Electromechanical Servo Drive, Positioning, Articulation, Weapon system launching platform
Load frequency control of an asynchronous restructured power system: a fuzzy logic approach
Authors: Pandey S.K. , Singh S.P. , Singh Vinay Pratap
Published: December 2012

This paper presents the analysis of load frequency control (LFC) of a two-area restructured power system interconnected via parallel ac/dc transmission links. Simulation results show that the limitations of PI controller can be overcome by including Fuzzy logic concept and thereby the dynamic performance can be improved substantially following a load change in any area. The dynamic responses for small perturbation have been observed with PI controller and fuzzy logic based PI controller and result of both have been compared.Keywords: Asynchronous tie-lines; Restructured power system; HVDC transmission links; Load frequency control; Fuzzy Logic based PI controller
The MACC reanalysis: an 8-yr data set of atmospheric composition
Authors: Inness A. , Baier F. , Benedetti A. , Bouarar I. , Chabrillat S. , Clark H. , Clerbaux C. , Coheur P. , Engelen R. J. , Errera Q. , Flemming J. , George M. , Granier C. , Hadji-Lazaro J. , Huijnen V. , Hurtmans D. , Jones L. , Kaiser J. W. , Kapsomenakis J. , Lefever K. , Leitão J. , Razinger M. , Richter A. , Schultz M. G. , Simmons A. J. , Suttie M. , Stein O. , Thépaut J.-N. , Thouret V. , Vrekoussis M. , Zerefos C. ,   the MACC team
Published: December 2012

Abstract. An eight-year long reanalysis of atmospheric composition data covering the period 2003–2010 was constructed as part of the FP7 funded Monitoring Atmospheric Composition and Climate project by assimilating satellite data into a global model and data assimilation system. This reanalysis provides fields of chemically reactive gases, namely carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen oxides, and formaldehyde, as well as aerosols and greenhouse gases globally at a resolution of about 80 km for both the troposphere and the stratosphere. This paper describes the assimilation system for the reactive gases and presents validation results for the reactive gases analysis fields to document the dataset and to give a first indication of its quality. Tropospheric CO values from the MACC reanalysis are on average 10–20% lower than routine observations from commercial aircrafts over airports through most of the troposphere, and have larger negative biases in the boundary layer at urban sites affected by air pollution, possibly due to an underestimation of CO or precursor emissions. Stratospheric ozone fields from the MACC reanalysis agree with ozone sondes and ACE-FTS data to within ±10% in most situations. In the troposphere the reanalysis shows biases of −5% to +10% with respect to ozone sondes and aircraft data in the extratropics, but has larger negative biases in the tropics. Area averaged total column ozone agrees with ozone fields from a multi sensor reanalysis data set to within a few percent. NO2 fields from the reanalysis show the right seasonality over polluted urban areas of the NH and over tropical biomass burning areas, but underestimate wintertime NO2 maxima over anthropogenic pollution regions and overestimate NO2 in Northern and Southern Africa during the tropical biomass burning seasons. Tropospheric HCHO is well simulated in the MACC reanalysis even though no satellite data are assimilated. It shows good agreement with independent SCIAMACHY retrievals over regions dominated by biogenic emissions with some anthropogenic input, such as the Eastern US and China, and also over African regions influenced by biogenic sources and biomass burning.
Bacteriohopanepolyols record stratification, nitrogen fixation and other biogeochemical perturbations in Holocene sediments of the Central Baltic Sea
Authors: Blumenberg M. , Berndmeyer C. , Moros M. , Muschalla M. , Schmale O. , Thiel V.
Published: December 2012

Abstract. The Baltic Sea, one of the world's largest brackish-marine basins, established after deglaciation of Scandinavia about 17 000 to 15 000 yr ago. In the changeable history of the Baltic Sea, the initial freshwater system was connected to the North Sea about 8000 yr ago and the modern brackish-marine setting (Littorina Sea) was established. Today, a relatively stable stratification developed in the water column of the deep basins due to salinity differences. Stratification is only occasionally interrupted by mixing events, and controls nutrient availability and growth of specifically adapted microorganisms and algae. We studied bacteriohopanepolyols (BHPs), lipids of specific bacterial groups, in a sediment core from the Central Baltic Sea (Gotland Deep) and found considerable differences between the distinct stages of the Baltic Sea's history. Individual BHP structures indicate contributions from as yet unknown redoxcline-specific bacteria (bacteriohopanetetrol isomer), methanotrophic bacteria (35-aminobacteriohopanetetrol), cyanobacteria (bacteriohopanetetrol cyclitol ether isomer) and, through allochthonous input after the Littorina transgression, from soil bacteria (adenosylhopane), whereas the origin of other BHPs in the core has still to be identified. Notably high BHP abundances were observed in the deposits of the brackish-marine Littorina phase, particularly in laminated sediment layers. Because these sediments record periods of stable water column stratification, bacteria specifically adapted to these conditions may account for the high portions of BHPs. An additional and/or accompanying source may be nitrogen-fixing (cyano)bacteria, which is indicated by a good correlation of BHP abundances with Corg and δ15N.
Cardiac Ion Channelopathies and the Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Authors: Wilders Ronald
Published: December 2012

The sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) causes the sudden death of an apparently healthy infant, which remains unexplained despite a thorough investigation, including the performance of a complete autopsy. The triple risk model for the pathogenesis of SIDS points to the coincidence of a vulnerable infant, a critical developmental period, and an exogenous stressor. Primary electrical diseases of the heart, which may cause lethal arrhythmias as a result of dysfunctioning cardiac ion channels (“cardiac ion channelopathies”) and are not detectable during a standard postmortem examination, may create the vulnerable infant and thus contribute to SIDS. Evidence comes from clinical correlations between the long QT syndrome and SIDS as well as genetic analyses in cohorts of SIDS victims (“molecular autopsy”), which have revealed a large number of mutations in ion channel-related genes linked to inheritable arrhythmogenic syndromes, in particular the long QT syndrome, the short QT syndrome, the Brugada syndrome, and catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. Combining data from population-based cohort studies, it can be concluded that at least one out of five SIDS victims carries a mutation in a cardiac ion channel-related gene and that the majority of these mutations are of a known malignant phenotype.
Une maladie comme une autre ? Logiques de redéfinition de la dépression et du vécu dépressif
Authors: Garnoussi Nadia
Published: December 2012

Depuis une dizaine d’années, la santé publique, notamment par l’intermédiaire des initiatives élaborées au niveau européen, insiste sur le coût économique et existentiel des troubles courants, dépression en tête. Ce contexte est celui d’un remodelage de la catégorie de dépression en tant que maladie « comme une autre ». Les enjeux de ces évolutions ne se limitent pas à l’espace institutionnel. Nous analyserons certaines d’entre elles sur la base de récits individuels. L’accent sera porté sur les négociations que les acteurs opèrent entre une lecture naturalisante de la maladie et une lecture psychologique valorisant le caractère singulier de l’expérience.
Des « étiquettes juridiques ». La catégorisation par le droit en santé mentale1
Authors: Bernheim Emmanuelle
Published: December 2012

Le processus judiciaire requiert l’objectivation des conflits en fonction de critères facilitant la preuve et la prise de décision. Au Québec, les critères retenus en matière d’internement et de soins n’ont fait l’objet d’aucune définition par le législateur : ce fut aux tribunaux de leur donner un contenu substantiel. L’étude de la jurisprudence et du discours des juges rencontrés en entretien et en observation directe permet de dégager les grandes lignes de cette interprétation, mais également de questionner l’utilité et les conséquences de l’application de ces critères. Ne s’agit-il pas d’« étiquettes juridiques » ?
Des médiateurs de santé pairs dans une équipe mobile en santé mentale. Entre rétablissement et professionnalisation, une quête de légitimité
Authors: Sarradon-Eck Aline , Farnarier Cyril , Girard Vincent , Händlhuber Hermann , Lefebvre Claude , Simonet Églantine , Staes Bernard
Published: December 2012

L’approche des soins par le rétablissement en santé mentale favorise de nouvelles pratiques telles que l’introduction de médiateurs de santé pairs (MSP) dans les équipes soignantes. Les compétences de ces nouveaux professionnels reposent sur un savoir expérientiel. L’article analyse certains enjeux de l’institutionnalisation de ces pratiques, en se focalisant sur certains effets de l’introduction du nouveau métier de MSP sur la dynamique des équipes médicosociales. Il analyse également les enjeux sous-jacents à la posture professionnelle d’intermédiaire entre le monde des soignants et celui des soignés, et les voies de la légitimation du métier qui sont empruntées.
La santé mentale (re)visitée, aux frontières du lien social et politique : itinérance et fin de vie
Authors: Namian Dahlia
Published: December 2012

Le champ des pratiques et des savoirs entourant le mental pathologique a, depuis les quatre dernières décennies, connu différentes recompositions. Aujourd’hui, le souci « démocratique » inédit envers toute forme d’atteintes à la subjectivité, allant de la détresse psychique à la souffrance sociale, montre que la santé mentale est devenue l’une des dimensions transversales constitutives du « nouvel esprit des institutions », irréductibles à celles de la psychiatrie et de la psychopathologie. Or à côté de cet univers social ordinaire et public subsiste un « autre » univers de la santé mentale, souvent dramatique et peu visité, aux frontières mêmes du lien social et politique. C’est cet « autre » univers de la santé mentale qui est interpellé dans cet article, par le biais de résultats d’une enquête de terrain menée sur deux scènes a priori hétérogènes, limites et atypiques : l’itinérance et la fin de vie.
Photosystems and photoreceptors in cyanobacterial phototaxis and photophobotaxis
Authors: Lamparter Tilman
Published: July 2024

Cyanobacteria move by gliding motility on surfaces toward the light or away from it. It is as yet unclear how the light direction is sensed on the molecular level. Diverse photoreceptor knockout mutants have a stronger response toward the light than the wild type. Either the light direction is sensed by multiple photoreceptors or by photosystems. In a study on photophobotaxis of the filamentous cyanobacterium Phormidium lacuna, broad spectral sensitivity, inhibition by 3‐(3,4‐dichlorophenyl)‐1,1‐dimethylurea (DCMU), and a highly sensitive response speaks for photosystems as light direction sensors. Here, it is discussed whether the photosystem theory could hold for phototaxis of other cyanobacteria.
A modified glycosylase base editor without predictable DNA off‐target effects
Authors: Lian Meng , Chen Tao , Chen Min , Peng Xiaohua , Yang Yang , Luo Xian , Chi Yue , Wang Jinling , Tang Chengcheng , Zhou Xiaoqing , Zhang Kun , Qin Chuan , Lai Liangxue , Zhou Jizeng , Zou Qingjian
Published: July 2024

Glycosylase base editor (GBE) can induce C‐to‐G transversion in mammalian cells, showing great promise for the treatment of human genetic disorders. However, the limited efficiency of transversion and the possibility of off‐target effects caused by Cas9 restrict its potential clinical applications. In our recent study, we have successfully developed TaC9‐CBE and TaC9‐ABE by separating nCas9 and deaminase, which eliminates the Cas9‐dependent DNA off‐target effects without compromising editing efficiency. We developed a novel GBE called TaC9‐GBEYE1, which utilizes the deaminase and UNG‐nCas9 guided by TALE and sgRNA, respectively. TaC9‐GBEYE1 showed comparable levels of on‐target editing efficiency to traditional GBE at 19 target sites, without any off‐target effects caused by Cas9 or TALE. The TaC9‐GBEYE1 is a safe tool for gene therapy.
In search of verifiability: Explanations rarely enable complementary performance in AI‐advised decision making
Authors: Fok Raymond , Weld Daniel S.
Published: July 2024

The current literature on AI‐advised decision making—involving explainable AI systems advising human decision makers—presents a series of inconclusive and confounding results. To synthesize these findings, we propose a simple theory that elucidates the frequent failure of AI explanations to engender appropriate reliance and complementary decision making performance. In contrast to other common desiderata, for example, interpretability or spelling out the AI's reasoning process, we argue that explanations are only useful to the extent that they allow a human decision maker to verify the correctness of the AI's prediction. Prior studies find in many decision making contexts that AI explanations do not facilitate such verification. Moreover, most tasks fundamentally do not allow easy verification, regardless of explanation method, limiting the potential benefit of any type of explanation. We also compare the objective of complementary performance with that of appropriate reliance, decomposing the latter into the notions of outcome‐graded and strategy‐graded reliance.
Imaging Uncertainty: Layers of Time and Meaning in a Sacred Space
Authors: Menuhin Eva
Published: July 2024

Laid bare by contemporary scanning techniques and technologies, historic buildings reveal a series of nested, diaphanous presences – the membranes of memory and fragments of history. Architectural writer Eva Menuhin investigates a recent project by the University of Greenwich's Captivate: Spatial Modelling Research Group, whose gossamer‐threaded architectural representations decode time, movements, changes, additions and destructions of a London Garrison church – a poetic, ghostly ballet between time, building and nature.
Diaphanous Bodies: A Hauntology of the Mediating Image
Authors: Baldwin Peter J
Published: July 2024

The contemporary world is so dependent on the virtual, with its constantly morphing and invisibly magical potentialities, that it is somewhat paradoxical that the speculative, explorative aspect of architectural drawing is so undervalued in this context. The profession's computerised quick‐fix, feed‐me, satisfy‐me normative mentality has limited truck with the intangible. Peter J Baldwin writes an ode to the phantasmagorical and the ephemeral, citing it as a useful tool to enhance and liberate the creative design mind. Allied with tactics of re‐reading and post‐rationalisation, he constructs a spectral ‘machine’ for making work.
A Tailored Reality: Inside In Here
Authors: Liangi Ifigeneia , Dream Daniel
Published: July 2024

Operating from dual locations in London and Athens, the output of Night Kitchen, the experimental architectural research lab of Ifigeneia Liangi and Daniel Dream, often takes the form of anarchitectural story books, illustrated with congested, postmodern interiors full of colourful objects and artefacts. But these are not random juxtapositions of stuff – they are elaborate, multilayered tableaux, their cross‐currents haunted with associations that stretch far and wide across film, sport, literature, memorabilia, art practice and time.
Engineering Implantable Bioelectronics for Electrophysiological Monitoring in Preclinical Animal Models
Authors: Lee Jakyoung , Kim Sumin , Chung Won Gi , Kim Enji , Song Hayoung , Oh Myoungjae , Kim Eunmin , Liu Jia , Jang Kyung‐In , Lee Taeyoon , Park Jang‐Ung
Published: July 2024

Implantable bioelectronics capable of electrophysiological monitoring intimately interfacing with biological tissue have provided massive information for profound understanding of biological systems. However, their invasive nature induces a potential risk of acute tissue damage, limiting accurate and chronic monitoring of electrophysiological signals. To address this issue, advanced studies have developed effective strategies to engineer the soft, flexible device using preclinical animal models. In addition, the optional but innovative approaches to improve the device's function have been also explored. Herein, these strategies satisfying essential and supplemental requirements for engineering implantable bioelectronics are summarized. Three types of implantable devices, classified by their structural designs, are introduced to describe the approaches using suitable strategies for their specific purpose. In conclusion, the further advancement of engineering implantable bioelectronics addresses the remaining challenges. Such advancements have the potential to contribute to enhanced functionality, encouraging a more delicate understanding of the physiology of biological systems and further broadening the applicability of implantable bioelectronics in the field of biomedical technology.
A “Hand‐In‐Hand” Thermal‐Responsive Cyclodextrin Material Designed for Liquid Smart Windows
Authors: Hu Siyu , Zhang Pengrui , Li Cheng , Chen Yu , Sun Jinhe , Wang Yong , Xiao Yin
Published: July 2024

Thermochromic smart windows have emerged as a focal point in energy research. In this study, a novel approach is introduced for developing thermoresponsive materials for smart windows, utilizing microscopic agglomeration of molecules to regulate incident light. The groundbreaking material, β‐CD‐Val‐IBAm4, is constructed by grafting four isobutylated valines onto natural β‐cyclodextrins. This material exhibits a unique “hand‐in‐hand” effect, resulting from the interaction of isobutylated valine side chains, which leads to molecular aggregation and reduced light transmission at elevated temperatures. The hydration–dehydration process is related to molecular aggregation rather than crosslinking, ensuring the structural integrity and uniformity of the smart windows. Molecular dynamics simulations and 2D NOESY confirm the thermal response mechanism of β‐CD‐Val‐IBAm4. When dissolve in a glycerol‐water binary solvent system, the material forms a thermochromic liquid with outstanding optical performance (ΔTsol of 1 mm liquid can reach 69.8%) and long‐term stability. This innovative approach opens new avenues for the advancement of next‐generation smart window technologies.
Surface Insights of Mesoporous Fragile Organic Materials Under Ultra‐Low‐Voltage Directed by Gemini Column
Authors: Asakura Yusuke , Leung Mandy H. M. , Miyata Hirokatsu , Yamauchi Yusuke
Published: July 2024

Mesoporous materials find widespread applications due to their high specific surface area, contributing to enhanced performance. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation of mesoporous materials provides valuable insights into their mesostructures. However, direct observation of the outermost surfaces, which often dictate material properties, remains challenging, especially for highly insulating and fragile compounds. In this study, utilizing SEM observation with ultra‐low‐voltage acceleration directed by Gemini column is proposed to achieve direct surface imaging of mesoporous organic materials with highly insulating and fragile characteristics. By observing mesostructured polymers obtained through a soft‐templating method without washing, stuffed pores are identified allowing the differentiation of micelle templates and polymer walls. Moreover, leveraging SEM measurements, a polymerization mechanism is proposed for dopamine on the polymer micelles adhered to the graphene oxide nanosheets. These findings demonstrate the potential of SEM measurements with ultra‐low accelerating voltage in facilitating surface observations of polymer‐derived nanomaterials characterized by high insulating properties and a fragile framework.
Axial O Atom‐Modulated Fe(III)‐N4 Sites for Enhanced Cascade Catalytic 1O2‐Induced Tumor Therapy
Authors: Liu Hongji , Yu Biao , Yang Pengqi , Yang Yang , Deng Zhiming , Zhang Xin , Wang Kai , Wang Hui
Published: July 2024

The rational construction of efficient hypoxia‐tolerant nanocatalysts capable of generating singlet oxygen (1O2) without external stimuli is of great importance for tumor therapy. Herein, uniformly dispersed and favorable biosafety profile graphitic carbon nitride quantum dots immobilized with Fe‐N4 moieties modulated by axial O atom (denoted as O‐Fe‐N4) are developed for converting H2O2 into 1O2 via Russell reaction, without introducing external energy. Notably, O‐Fe‐N4 performs two interconnected catalytic properties: glutathione oxidase‐mimic activity to provide substrate for subsequent 1O2 generation, avoiding the blunting anticancer efficacy by glutathione. The O‐Fe‐N4 catalyst demonstrates a specific activity of 79.58 U mg−1 at pH 6.2, outperforming the most reported Fe‐N4 catalysts. Density functional theory calculations demonstrate that the axial O atom can effectively modulate the relative position and electron affinity between Fe and N, lowering the activation energy, strengthening the selectivity, and thus facilitating the Russell‐type reaction. The gratifying enzymatic activity stemming from the well‐defined Fe‐N/O structure can inhibit tumor proliferation by efficiently downregulating glutathione peroxidase 4 activity and inducing lipid peroxidation. Altogether, the O‐Fe‐N4 catalyst not only represents an efficient platform for self‐cascaded catalysis to address the limitations of 1O2‐involved cancer treatment but also provides a paradigm to enhance the performance of the Fe‐N4 catalyst.
Harnessing the Missing Spectral Correlation for Metasurface Inverse Design
Authors: Zhang Jie , Qian Chao , You Guangfeng , Wang Tao , Saifullah Yasir , Abdi‐Ghaleh Reza , Chen Hongsheng
Published: July 2024

A long‐held tenet in computer science asserts that the training of deep learning is analogous to an alchemical furnace, and its “black box” signature brings forth inexplicability. For electromagnetic metasurfaces, the related intelligent applications also get stuck into such a dilemma. Although the past 5 years have witnessed a proliferation of deep learning‐based works across complex photonic scenarios, they neglect the already existing but untapped physical laws. Here, the intrinsic correlation between the real and imaginary parts of the spectra are revealed using Kramers–Kronig relations, which is then mimicked by bidirectional information flow in neural network space. Such consideration harnesses the missing spectral connection to extract crucial features effectively. The bidirectional recurrent neural network is benchmarked in metasurface inverse design and compare it with a fully‐connected neural network, unidirectional recurrent neural network, and attention‐based transformer. Beyond the improved accuracy, the study examines the intermediate information products and physically explains why different network structures yield different performances. The work offers explicable perspectives to utilize physical information in the deep learning field and facilitates many data‐intensive research endeavors.
Structural Positive Electrodes Engineered for Multifunctionality
Authors: Chaudhary Richa , Chetry Amit , Xu Johanna , Xia Zhenyuan , Asp Leif E.
Published: July 2024

Multifunctional structural batteries are of high and emerging interest in a wide variety of high‐strength and lightweight applications. Structural batteries typically use pristine carbon fiber as the negative electrode, functionalized carbon fiber as the positive electrode, and a mechanically robust lithium‐ion transporting electrolyte. However, electrochemical cycling of carbon fibre‐based positive electrodes is still limited to tests in liquid electrolytes, which does not allow for to introduction of multifunctionality in real terms. To overcome these limitations, structural batteries with a structural battery electrolyte (SBE) are developed. This approach offers massless energy storage. The electrodes are manufactured using economically friendly, abundant, cheap, and non‐toxic iron‐based materials like olivine LiFePO4. Reduced graphene oxide, renowned for its high surface area and electrical conductivity, is incorporated to enhance the ion transport mechanism. Furthermore, a vacuum‐infused solid‐liquid electrolyte is cured to bolster the mechanical strength of the carbon fibers and provide a medium for lithium‐ion migration. Electrophoretic deposition is selected as a green process to manufacture the structural positive electrodes with homogeneous mass loading. A specific capacity of 112 mAh g−1 can be reached at C/20, allowing the smooth transport of Li‐ion in the presence of SBE. The modulus of positive electrodes exceeded 80 GPa. Structural battery‐positive half‐cells are demonstrated across various mass‐loadings, enabling them to be tailored for a diverse array of applications in consumer technology, electric vehicles, and aerospace sectors.
Catalyst‐Free Extraction of U(VI) in Solution by Tribocatalysis
Authors: Zhang Shuo , Gao Feixue , Fang Ming , Liu Baoyi , Zhang Bin , Zhong Zijian , Yu Long , Zhang Yifeng , Tan Xiaoli , Wang Xiangke
Published: July 2024

Extraction of U(VI) in water is of great significance in energy and environmental fields. However, the traditional methods usually fail due to the indispensable extra addition of catalyst, adsorbent, precipitant, or sacrificial agents, which may lead to enhanced extraction costs and secondary pollution. Here, a new efficient uranium extraction strategy is proposed based on triboelectricity without adding a catalyst or other additives. It is found only under the friction between the microbubbles (generated under ultrasonication) and the water flow, that reactive oxygen species (ROS) can largely be generated, which thus contributes to the solidification of U(VI) from water. In addition, the magnetic field can affect the phase of the product. Under mechanical stirring, the product contains (UO2)O2·2H2O, while which contains UO2(OH)2 and (UO2)O2·4H2O under the magnetic stirring. Quenching experiments are also carried out to explore the influence of environmental factors. Most importantly, it shows great potential in the extraction of U(VI) from seawater. This work proposes a catalyst‐free and light‐free strategy toward the solidification of U(VI) from water, which avoids the secondary pollution of the catalyst to the environment and is low‐cost, and has great potential in the real application.
A Polymer‐Sol Binder Realizes Single‐Particle Binding for Nacre‐Like Piezoelectric Nanocomposites and Component‐Integrated Batteries
Authors: Wang Shan , Yang Jiarui , Cai Wenrui , Wen Guojiang , Yang Sifan , Ke Kai , Yin Bo , Fu Xuewei , Yang Wei , Wang Yu
Published: July 2024

Achieving precisely defined and stable component binding is of great interest for composite materials and batteries, but very challenging owing to the lack of effective strategies to manipulate the binder itself. Here, a concept of single‐particle binding (SPB) strategy is proposed based on a polymer‐sol binder to conquer the above challenge. To do that, a polymer‐sol binder is first prepared by dispersing commercial poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) powder into a mixture of its solvent and non‐solvent with a rational weight ratio of 8:2. Then, by manipulating this PVDF‐sol microfluid, PVDF particles are uniformly and singly introduced onto the surface of other components, such as graphene oxide nanosheets and battery separators. Results further show that the temperature‐induced sol–gel transition of the microfluid finally generates single‐particle fusion and strong component binding with commercial separators (31.6 N m−1). Meanwhile, a surface‐swelling model is proposed to understand its binding mechanism. Finally, this unique SPB strategy has been employed to fabricate nacre‐like nanocomposites with advanced self‐polarized piezoelectricity (23.0 mV N−1), and component‐integrated batteries with robust separator/electrode interphases. This SPB strategy with the PVDF‐sol binder may inspire significant studies on polymer sol, microfluidics, nanocomposites, battery interfaces and beyond.
Ultrafast and highly‐selective upcycling of plastic polylactic acid waste driven by ZnInFe‐mixed metal oxide
Authors: Zhou Jianchi , Qin Jibo , Li Biao , Luo Congjia , Han Jingbin , Hu Yanqing , Zhang Wenjing , Dou Yibo
Published: July 2024

Chemical upcycling of waste plastics represents an appealing way to achieve a circular economy and mitigate environmental problems but remains a huge challenge. Herein, we report a heterojunction photocatalyst (ZnInFe‐mixed metal oxide, denoted as ZnInFe‐MMO) for the rapid valorization of polylactic acid (PLA) via a developed alkali‐assisted photocatalysis system. The ZnInFe‐MMO featured with a double Z‐Scheme structure is favorable for light harvesting and electron‐hole separation. Moreover, the operando characterizations and theoretical simulations confirm that the ZnInFe‐MMO affords a remarkably decreased barrier for the rate‐determining step (formation of *LA intermediate) while inhibiting the CC breakage in the side reaction. As a result, the ZnInFe‐MMO attains a ~100% conversion and ~99% selectivity toward sodium lactate (NaLA), which is preponderant to the state‐of‐the‐art photocatalysts. In addition, such an effective route is also demonstrated in various real‐world PLA waste.
Analysis of changes in social isolation, loneliness, or both, and subsequent cognitive function among older adults: Findings from a nationwide cohort study
Authors: Huang Qing‐Mei , Zhang Pei‐Dong , Shen Dong , Gao Jian , Li Zhi‐Hao , Lv Yue‐Bin , Shi Xiao‐Ming , Mao Chen
Published: July 2024

INTRODUCTION

The study aimed to investigate the associations of changes in social isolation, loneliness, or both, with cognitive function.

METHODS

Data were from 7299 older adults in the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. We defined four change patterns (no, incident, transient, and persistent) for social isolation and loneliness, and created nine‐category variable to represent the joint changes. Tobit regression models and Cox models were performed.

RESULTS

Incident, transient, and persistent social isolation or loneliness may accelerate cognitive decline (p < 0.05). Incident, transient, and persistent social isolation were associated with higher cognitive impairment risk, while only persistent loneliness was associated with higher cognitive impairment risk (p < 0.001). Notably, short‐term or persistent social isolation was associated with accelerated cognitive decline and incident cognitive impairment, regardless of different loneliness change status (p < 0.05).

DISCUSSION

Short‐term or persistent social isolation and persistent loneliness may be a salient risk factor for cognitive decline and cognitive impairment.

Highlights

Incident, transient, and persistent social isolation were associated with accelerated cognitive decline and higher cognitive impairment risk.

Persistent loneliness was associated with accelerated cognitive decline and higher cognitive impairment risk.

Short‐term or persistent social isolation with concurrent different loneliness change status accelerated cognitive decline and higher cognitive impairment risk.
Ein funktioneller Wechsel zwischen Asperfumen‐ und Fusicoccadien‐Synthase und Eintritt in die Asperfumen‐Biosynthese durch einen vicinalen Deprotonierungs‐Reprotonierungsprozess
Authors: Liu Jing‐Yuan , Lin Fu‐Long , Taizoumbe Kizerbo A. , Lv Jian‐Ming , Wang Yong‐Heng , Wang Gao‐Qian , Chen Guo‐Dong , Yao Xin‐Sheng , Hu Dan , Gao Hao , Dickschat Jeroen S.
Published: July 2024

Die Diterpensynthase AfAS wurde aus Aspergillus fumigatiaffinis identifiziert. Ihre Aminosäuresequenz und – einem Strukturmodell zufolge – die Architektur des aktiven Zentrums sind denen der Fusicocca‐2,10(14)‐dien‐Synthase PaFS sehr ähnlich, AfAS produziert jedoch ein strukturell viel komplexeres Diterpen mit einem neuartigen 6–5–5–5 tetracyclischen Gerüst namens Asperfumen. Der Cyclisierungsmechanismus von AfAS wurde durch Isotopenmarkierungsexperimente und DFT‐Rechnungen aufgeklärt. Die Reaktionskaskade verläuft in ihren ersten Schritten über ähnliche Intermediate wie die PaFS‐Kaskade, divergiert dann aber durch einen ungewöhnlichen vicinalen Deprotonierungs‐Reprotonierungsprozess, der eine Skelettumlagerung am Startpunkt der Stufen auslöst, die zum einzigartigen Asperfumen‐Gerüst führen. Das Strukturmodell zeigte nur einen wesentlichen Unterschied zwischen den aktiven Zentren: Der PaFS‐Rest F65 ist in AfAS durch I65 ersetzt. Interessanterweise zeigten ortsspezifische Mutageneseexperimente mit beiden Diterpensynthasen, dass Position 65 als bidirektionaler funktioneller Schalter für die Biosynthese von tetracyclischem Asperfumen im Vergleich zu strukturell weniger komplexen Diterpenen dient.
Reinforcement learning for individualized lung cancer screening schedules: A nested case–control study
Authors: Wang Zixing , Sui Xin , Song Wei , Xue Fang , Han Wei , Hu Yaoda , Jiang Jingmei
Published: July 2024

Background

The current guidelines for managing screen‐detected pulmonary nodules offer rule‐based recommendations for immediate diagnostic work‐up or follow‐up at intervals of 3, 6, or 12 months. Customized visit plans are lacking.

Purpose

To develop individualized screening schedules using reinforcement learning (RL) and evaluate the effectiveness of RL‐based policy models.

Methods

Using a nested case–control design, we retrospectively identified 308 patients with cancer who had positive screening results in at least two screening rounds in the National Lung Screening Trial. We established a control group that included cancer‐free patients with nodules, matched (1:1) according to the year of cancer diagnosis. By generating 10,164 sequence decision episodes, we trained RL‐based policy models, incorporating nodule diameter alone, combined with nodule appearance (attenuation and margin) and/or patient information (age, sex, smoking status, pack‐years, and family history). We calculated rates of misdiagnosis, missed diagnosis, and delayed diagnosis, and compared the performance of RL‐based policy models with rule‐based follow‐up protocols (National Comprehensive Cancer Network guideline; China Guideline for the Screening and Early Detection of Lung Cancer).

Results

We identified significant interactions between certain variables (e.g., nodule shape and patient smoking pack‐years, beyond those considered in guideline protocols) and the selection of follow‐up testing intervals, thereby impacting the quality of the decision sequence. In validation, one RL‐based policy model achieved rates of 12.3% for misdiagnosis, 9.7% for missed diagnosis, and 11.7% for delayed diagnosis. Compared with the two rule‐based protocols, the three best‐performing RL‐based policy models consistently demonstrated optimal performance for specific patient subgroups based on disease characteristics (benign or malignant), nodule phenotypes (size, shape, and attenuation), and individual attributes.

Conclusions

This study highlights the potential of using an RL‐based approach that is both clinically interpretable and performance‐robust to develop personalized lung cancer screening schedules. Our findings present opportunities for enhancing the current cancer screening system.
Enantioselective Desymmetrization of 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds through Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization Reactions
Authors: Liang Ren‐Xiao , Xie Jia‐Qi , Cai Hu‐Jie , Sun Shuo , Wang Jia‐Yi , Deng Wei‐Chao , Jia Yi‐Xia
Published: July 2024

The development of reliable approaches to construct enantioenriched cyclic ketones bearing multiple stereocenters has attracted intense interest in synthetic chemistry, yet remains a challenging research area due to the difficulties in efficiently controlling the reaction enantioselectivity and diastereoselectivity. Desymmetrization of C2‐symmetric prochiral substrates has witnessed a practical and accessible strategy for creating more than one stereocenters in a single operation. In recent years, enantioselective desymmetrization of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds has been developed via transition‐metal‐catalyzed transformations for facile assembly of optically active cyclic ketones bearing congested stereocenters with diverse functionality. In this review, we would like to describe intramolecular enantioselective desymmetrization reactions of 1,3‐dicarbonyl derivatives, including C2‐functional group tethered 1,3‐diketones and 1,3‐diesters. This review is organized according to types of tethered groups, which aims to highlight the recent advances and briefly discuss about future perspectives in this domain.
Gas Delivery Relevant to Human Health using Porous Materials
Authors: Mandel Ruth M. , Lotlikar Piyusha S. , Keasler Kaitlyn T. , Chen Elena Y. , Wilson Justin J. , Milner Phillip J.
Published: July 2024

Gases are essential for various applications relevant to human health, including in medicine, biomedical imaging, and pharmaceutical synthesis. However, gases are significantly more challenging to safely handle than liquids and solids. Herein, we review the use of porous materials, such as metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolites, and silicas, to adsorb medicinally relevant gases and facilitate their handling as solids. Specific topics include the use of MOFs and zeolites to deliver H2S for therapeutic applications, 129Xe for magnetic resonance imaging, O2 for the treatment of cancer and hypoxia, and various gases for use in organic synthesis. This Perspective aims to bring together the organic, inorganic, medicinal, and materials chemistry communities to inspire the design of next‐generation porous materials for the storage and delivery of medicinally relevant gases.
The Hybridization of Polymers with Metal Oxide Clusters for the Design of Non‐Fluorinated Proton Exchange Membranes
Authors: Liu Lu , Gao Yiren , Dong Chen , Yang Junsheng , Yin Panchao
Published: July 2024

As the key component of various energy storage and conversion devices, proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have been attracting significant interest. However, their further development is limited by the high cost of perfluorosulfonic acid polymers and the poor stability of acid‐dopped non‐fluorinated polymers. Recently, a new group of PEMs has been developed by hybridizing polyoxometalates (POMs), a group of super acidic sub‐nanoscale metal oxide clusters, with polymers. POMs can serve simultaneously as both proton sponges and stabilizing agents, and their complexation with polymers can further improve polymers’ mechanical performance and processability. Enormous efforts have been focused on studying supramolecular complexation or covalent grafting of POMs with various polymers to optimize PEMs in terms of cost, mechanical properties and stabilities. This concept summarizes recent advances in this emerging field and outlines the design strategies and application perspectives employed for using POM‐polymer hybrid materials as PEMs.
The symmetrical differential Buck–Boost DC‐DC converter with partial power processing applied to photovoltaic systems
Authors: Schmitz Lenon , Gonçalves Christopher F. , Schlingmann André , de Souza Eduardo V. , Eyng Juliana , Martins Denizar C. , Coelho Roberto F.
Published: July 2024

This paper presents the symmetric differential Buck–Boost converter, obtained from the differential connection between two Buck–Boost converters. The topology is characterized by presenting low‐voltage ripple, partial power processing, ability to provide intermediate voltage gains (1 < M < 10) and design simplicity. In this configuration, the output voltage is composed of the sum of the input voltage and the output voltages of both converters differentially connected. The topology description along with its main equations and waveforms in continuous conduction mode with phase‐shift modulation are presented in this paper. Moreover, a mathematical analysis that demonstrates its capability of performing with partial power processing and a comparative analysis with similar topologies are also presented. In addition, experimental results extracted from a prototype are presented and discussed. Because the proposed converter is applied to photovoltaic energy processing, it is validated in open loop and as maximum power point tracker, in which the obtained CEC efficiency is 97.8%.