bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Prolonged Administration of Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate‐Containing Antiviral Regimen on Renal Function in Low‐Risk of Kidney Injury HIV Patients
Authors: Yuan Yuan , He Shenghua , Liu Huanxia , He Yuanhong , Zhou Ruifeng , Yao Yuan , Yin Ke , Lyu Chunrong
Published: February 2024

This study intended to investigate the impact of long‐term tenofovir fumarate (TDF) antiviral regimen on renal function in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐infected patients with low‐risk of kidney injury. The observational study involving 100 HIV‐infected patients without underlying diseases who achieved virological suppression and immunological recovery after sustained antiviral regimen of TDF+ lamivudine+ efavirenz (TLE) for 3.19 years. Renal function, including estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), blood and urine β2 microglobulin, and other parameters, was assessed every 3 months over a period of 2.5 years. The eGFR showed a slight increasement from 116.0 at month 0 to 119.7 at month 30. Blood β2 microglobulin increased from 2.02 mg/L at month 0 to 2.77 mg/L at month 30. Compared to month 0, the difference in blood β2 microglobulin was statistically significant at month 6 and months 12‐30 (P < .05). The incidence of proximal renal tubular dysfunction fluctuated from 2% at month 0 to 2.5% at month 30. The urine β2 microglobulin fluctuated from 0.5 (0.3‐1.1) to 0.8 (0.5‐1.35) mg/L at months 18‐30, which was higher than 0.41 (0.18‐1.1) mg/L at month 0 (P < .05). The abnormal concentration proportion of urine β2 microglobulin fluctuated from 72.7% to 81.3% at months 18‐30, which was higher than the proportion of 57.0% at month 0. The abnormal proportion of blood β2 microglobulin, urine β2 microglobulin, and proximal renal tubular dysfunction were not correlated with eGFR (r1 = 0.119, r2 = −0.008, r3 = −0.165, P > .05). Long‐term TDF antiviral regimen in low‐risk of kidney injury HIV‐infected patients may lead to damage in the proximal renal tubules and glomeruli. Blood and urine β2 microglobulin levels may be helpful in screening for renal dysfunction.
Indomethacin Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics in Pregnancies With Preterm Labor: The Need for Dose‐Ranging Trials
Authors: Balevic Stephen J. , Weiner Daniel , Hornik Christoph P. , Cohen‐Wolkowiez Michael , Gonzalez Daniel , Wang Xiaoming , Xu Meixiang , Abdel‐Rahman Sherif Z. , Rytting Erik
Published: February 2024

The use of indomethacin to delay delivery in preterm labor (PTL) is widely accepted; however, the optimal dosage of indomethacin in pregnancy is unknown. Here, we perform population pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) analyses, characterize the plasma disposition of indomethacin in pregnant women with PTL, and relate indomethacin exposure to delayed delivery and maternal/neonatal safety. We analyzed plasma and urine samples collected from a multicenter, prospective, opportunistic PK/PD study of indomethacin in pregnant women 12‐32 weeks gestation admitted with PTL. Ninety‐four participants with 639 plasma concentrations for indomethacin were included in the analysis. The final population PK (popPK) model for indomethacin was a 2‐compartment structural model with first‐order absorption and elimination and a covariate effect of body mass index on apparent oral clearance. We observed a 21%‐60% increase in apparent oral clearance observed during pregnancy. There was no clear association between indomethacin exposure and maternal or neonatal safety outcomes, or with the magnitude of delayed delivery; however, 96.7% of women treated with indomethacin had a delivery that was delayed at least 48 hours. Given the changes to indomethacin apparent oral clearance during pregnancy, and the lack of relationship between indomethacin exposure and safety, dose‐finding studies of indomethacin in pregnant women with PTL may help clarify the most safe and efficacious dosage and duration of indomethacin.
Exploring the acceptance of geriatric dentistry programming for undergraduate dental students through stakeholder interviews
Authors: Brandt Alicia C. , Abbas Ahmed , Dong Cecilia S.
Published: February 2024

Purpose/objectives

Older adults frequently report unmet oral healthcare needs. Current research suggests a lack of provider willingness to perform geriatric dental care plays a role in limiting older adults’ access to dental services. To better understand the acceptance of geriatric dentistry programming in Ontario, and to explore considerations for successful implementation, we completed consultations with dental students and dental education stakeholders. Findings from a scoping review we conducted previously (Alicia C. Brandt and Cecilia S. Dong) were used to guide this research.

Methods

Consultations involved a questionnaire and semi‐structured individual interviews. Descriptive and parametric statistics such as Pearson's bivariate correlation and One‐way analysis of variance were completed on questionnaire data using SPSS V.28. Interview data were transcribed verbatim, and the content was analyzed using emergent coding and thematic analysis in NVivo. Student and faculty data were analyzed separately and then consolidated.

Results

Ten students and 12 dental faculty members completed the questionnaire of which ten students and nine faculty members also participated in interviews. Themes were organized into barriers and facilitators, with a subsection on interprofessional collaboration. Barriers included: 1. Student anxiety and skill level; 2. Constraints of the learning environment; 3. Patient factors; and 4. Knowledge gaps. Facilitators included: 1. Learning environment and culture; 2. Volume of exposure; 3. Soft skills; and 4. Desired interventions.

Conclusions

Both students and faculty stakeholders demonstrated acceptance of geriatric dentistry programming at the undergraduate dentistry level that supports improved access to care for this population. Pilot programs integrating different intervention elements which were viewed as most promising would be beneficial.
A lower bound for the complex flow number of a graph: A geometric approach
Authors: Mattiolo Davide , Mazzuoccolo Giuseppe , Rajník Jozef , Tabarelli Gloria
Published: February 2024

Let be a real number. A complex nowhere‐zero ‐flow on a graph is an orientation of together with an assignment such that, for all , the Euclidean norm of the complex number lies in the interval and, for every vertex, the incoming flow is equal to the outgoing flow. The complex flow number of a bridgeless graph , denoted by , is the minimum of the real numbers such that admits a complex nowhere‐zero ‐flow. The exact computation of seems to be a hard task even for very small and symmetric graphs. In particular, the exact value of is known only for families of graphs where a lower bound can be trivially proved. Here, we use geometric and combinatorial arguments to give a nontrivial lower bound for in terms of the odd‐girth of a cubic graph (i.e., the length of a shortest odd cycle) and we show that this lower bound is tight. This result relies on the exact computation of the complex flow number of the wheel graph . In particular, we show that for every odd , the value of arises from one of three suitable configurations of points in the complex plane according to the congruence of modulo 6.
Social sustainability, poverty and income: An empirical exploration
Authors: Cuesta Jose , Madrigal Lucia , Pecorari Natalia
Published: February 2024

Social sustainability is poorly understood and vaguely defined, despite growing appreciation for its relevance as a concept. This article advances our empirical understanding of social sustainability by constructing a global database of 71 indicators across 193 countries and 37 territories between 2016 and 2020. Indicators are flexibly clustered around four dimensions—social inclusion, resilience, social cohesion and process legitimacy—for which we construct measurement indices. A simple empirical analysis—based on correlations and scatterplots—using our database confirms that social sustainability is positively and strongly associated with per capita income; negatively and strongly associated with poverty; and negatively but weakly associated with income inequality. The interactions between dimensions merit further analysis, but our results underscore that social sustainability matters not only in itself but also to reduce poverty. Furthermore, extending access to markets, basic public services and social assistance needs to be complemented with strengthening process legitimacy and social cohesion if inequality is to be reduced.
Effect of using different strips on reducing the most common error in panoramic imaging: A randomised controlled trial on palatoglossal air space shadow
Authors: Mokhtari Andisheh , Razi Sedigheh , Rahimipour Kasra , Razi Tahmineh
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Panoramic radiography quality can be impaired by some errors such as positioning errors. Palatoglossal air space shadow error is one of the most common positioning errors and it is due to the tongue not sticking to the roof of the palate. Techniques used to deal with this error might help prevent unnecessary radiation to patients and save them time and money. The study aimed to investigate the effects of using celluloid matrix and edible tapes (fruit leather and chewing gum) on reducing the palatoglossal air space shadow error in panoramic imaging.

Methods

In our study, 270 patients referred to the Department of Radiology were randomised into three groups: a control group, a celluloid matrix group and an edible tapes group. Before panoramic imaging, all patients were instructed to adhere their tongues to the roof of their mouths, with the distinction that for the celluloid matrix and edible tapes groups, patients were asked to place celluloid tapes, fruit leathers, or chewing gums on their tongues before doing so. The routine imaging process was then performed, and the results were compared across groups to evaluate the incidence of palatoglossal air space shadow error.

Results

The number of error‐free images in each fruit leather, chewing gum and celluloid tape group were significantly higher than the control group (all cases P < 0.05). The chances of error‐free images in the fruit leather groups were the highest (9.57 times). The age (P = 0.136) and gender (P = 0.272) of patients had no significant effect on the results of interventions.

Conclusion

The application of fruit leathers, chewing gums and celluloid tapes reduced the palatoglossal air space shadow error of panoramic imaging.
Characterization of the Fusarium circinatum biofilm environmental response role
Authors: Ratsoma Francinah M. , Mokoena Nthabiseng Z. , Santana Quentin C. , Wingfield Brenda D. , Steenkamp Emma T. , Motaung Thabiso E.
Published: February 2024

The capacity to form biofilms is a common trait among many microorganisms present on Earth. In this study, we demonstrate for the first time that the fatal pine pitch canker agent, Fusarium circinatum, can lead a biofilm‐like lifestyle with aggregated hyphal bundles wrapped in extracellular matrix (ECM). Our research shows F. circinatum's ability to adapt to environmental changes by assuming a biofilm‐like lifestyle. This was demonstrated by varying metabolic activities exhibited by the biofilms in response to factors like temperature and pH. Further analysis revealed that while planktonic cells produced small amounts of ECM per unit of the biomass, heat‐ and azole‐exposed biofilms produced significantly more ECM than nonexposed biofilms, further demonstrating the adaptability of F. circinatum to changing environments. The increased synthesis of ECM triggered by these abiotic factors highlights the link between ECM production in biofilm and resistance to abiotic stress. This suggests that ECM‐mediated response may be one of the key survival strategies of F. circinatum biofilms in response to changing environments. Interestingly, azole exposure also led to biofilms that were resistant to DNase, which typically uncouples biofilms by penetrating the biofilm and degrading its extracellular DNA; we propose that DNases were likely hindered from reaching target cells by the ECM barricade. The interplay between antifungal treatment and DNase enzyme suggests a complex relationship between eDNA, ECM, and antifungal agents in F. circinatum biofilms. Therefore, our results show how a phytopathogen's sessile (biofilm) lifestyle could influence its response to the surrounding environment.
The effect of MSM in the treatment of ankle arthrosis: Is MSM as effective as methylprednisolone or hyaluronic acid?
Authors: Akpınar Koray , Şimşek Ekin K. , Özen Özlem Işıksaçan , Haberal Bahtiyar
Published: February 2024

Posttraumatic ankle osteoarthritis (PTAO) causes severe ankle and adjacent joint morbidity. We aimed to compare the treatment efficacy of previously tried and still applied intra‐articular injections and oral methylsulfonylmethane (MSM) at functional and histopathological level in PTAO animal model. Thirty‐two adult female Sprague‐Dawley rats were divided into four groups (Group 1: Control, Group 2: 0.06 g/kg/day MSM, Group 3: 0.04 mg/µL methylprednisolone [MP], Group 4: 0.04 mg/µL hyaluronic acid [HA]). MSM was started orally between Day 0 to the end of 8 weeks. Intra‐articular injections were applied to the right ankles of the subjects after surgery. All subjects were killed after radiological evaluation at the 8th week. Subsequently, functional (range of motion) and histopathological evaluation was performed. Radiological evaluation showed better results of the MP (p < 0.001) and MSM (p < 0.001) groups than the control group. Severity of osteoarthritis (OA) in the MP group was significantly less than in the HA group (p = 0.032). When the total Osteoarthritis Research Society International score was compared, the severity of OA was higher in the KS and HA groups than in the control group (p < 0.001). No significant statistical difference was found in the histopathological comparison of MSM and control group (p = 0.466). There was no difference between the groups in range of motion measurement according to the contralateral ankle joint. The radiological progression of OA was slowed in the MSM and MP groups, but significant histopathological worsening was found in the MP and HA applied groups. We suggest that the treatment methods used in daily practice need to be reviewed.
Characterization of pharyngeal contractile integral using pharyngeal manometry in children
Authors: Damrongmanee Alisara , El‐Chammas Khalil , Santucci Neha , Fei Lin , Kaul Ajay
Published: February 2024

Objectives

Pharyngeal contractile integral (PhCI) is the product of mean pharyngeal contractile amplitude, length, and duration, and provides a single metric for the vigor of entire pharyngeal contraction. A major limitation in children is lack of characterization of PhCI on high‐resolution pharyngeal manometry. We aimed to determine and compare the values of PhCI in children with the abnormal and normal videofluoroscopic study of swallow (VFSS).

Methods

Children who underwent high‐resolution pharyngeal and esophageal manometry (HRPM/HREM), as well as VFSS, were divided into two groups; “normal VFSS” and “abnormal VFSS” groups. PhCI was calculated from the pharyngo‐esophageal manometry analysis software (MMS, v9.5, Laborie Medical Technologies), and compared in these two groups.

Results

Of 67 children, 9 had abnormal VFSS (mean age 64 ± 50 months; 66.7% males), while 58 had normal VFSS (mean age 123 ± 55 months; 47% males). The mean PhCI in abnormal and normal VFSS groups was 82.00 ± 51.90 and 147.28 ± 53.89 mmHg.s.cm, respectively (p = 0.001). Subjects with abnormal VFSS were significantly younger than those with normal VFSS (p = 0.003). However, after adjusting for the VFSS result, age was no longer related to PhCI (p = 0.364). In subgroup analysis of children presenting with dysphagia, the mean PhCI in abnormal (9 subjects) and normal (36 subjects) VFSS groups was 82.00 ± 51.90 and 141.86 ± 50.39 mmHg.s.cm, respectively (p = 0.003).

Conclusions

PhCI was significantly lower in children with abnormal VFSS than in those with normal VFSS. We did not find a significant impact of age on PhCI in our pediatric populations.
Major basic protein is a useful marker to distinguish eosinophilic esophagitis from IBD‐associated eosinophilia in children
Authors: Butzke Samantha , Nasiri‐Blomgren Shaida , Corao‐Uribe Diana , He Zhaoping , Molle‐Rios Zarela
Published: February 2024

Objectives

The incidence of eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is 3−5 times greater in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) compared with the general population. This study aimed to differentiate true EoE from esophageal eosinophilia in IBD patients by evaluating expression of major basic protein (MBP) and interleukin‐13 (IL‐13) in esophageal biopsies.

Methods

This retrospective study included subjects who had an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with esophageal biopsies for IBD work up or suspicion for EoE. Patients were classified into 5 groups: EoE with ≥15 eosinophils per high power field (eos/hpf), EoE‐IBD with ≥15 eos/hpf, IBD eosinophilia with 1−14 eos/hpf, IBD and control groups. Biopsies were stained with MBP and IL‐13 antibodies and the results (% staining/total tissue area), demographic, and clinical findings were compared among the groups.

Results

The median for MBP staining levels in EoE‐IBD was 3.8 (interquartile range 1.3−23), significantly lower than in EoE at 52.8 (8.3−113.2), but higher than in IBD eosinophilia at 0.2 (0−0.9; p < 0.001) and negligible in the IBD and control groups. IL‐13 expression in EoE was significantly higher only compared with IBD and controls not with EoE‐IBD or IBD eosinophilia. MBP predicted EoE with 100% sensitivity and 99% specificity while IL‐13 had 83% sensitivity and 90% specificity using cutoff point from the cohort without EoE‐IBD patients. Based on MBP cutoff point that distinguished EoE from non EoE, 56% in EoE‐IBD were MBP‐positive whereas 100% in EoE group (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

MBP may be an excellent marker in distinguishing true EoE from eosinophilia caused by IBD. Our data implied that MBP together with endoscopic and histologic changes can assist EoE diagnosis in IBD patients.
Home‐based fecal calprotectin utilization in a general pediatric gastroenterology clinic
Authors: Schmidt Melanie L. , McCrady Emma , Lee Angus , Bowerbank Terrence , Miller Michael R. , Watson Melanie , Dhandapani Ashok , Woolfson Jessica P. , Zizzo Andréanne N. , Bax Kevin , Crowley Eileen
Published: February 2024

Objective

Remote investigation and monitoring have gained importance in ambulatory practice. A home‐based fecal calprotectin (FC) test has been developed where the sample is processed and analyzed at home through a smartphone application. We aimed to assess the use of standard ELISA (sFC) versus home‐based (hFC) FC testing in a general pediatric gastroenterology clinic.

Methods

Ambulatory pediatric patients with hFC or sFC performed between August 2019 and November 2020 were included. Data regarding demographics, clinical characteristics, medication use, investigations, and final diagnosis, categorized as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders, organic non‐IBD (ONI) GI disorders, non‐GI disorders, and undetermined after 6 months of investigation, were recorded.

Results

A total of 453 FC tests from 453 unique patients were included. Of those, 249 (55%) were hFC. FC levels (median) were higher in children with IBD compared to non‐IBD diagnosis (sFC 795 vs. 57 μg/g, hFC 595 vs. 47 μg/g, p < 0.001), and in ONI compared to functional GI disorders (sFC 85 vs. 54 μg/g, p = 0.003, hFC 57 vs. 40 μg/g, p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed between different ONI GI disorders or subtypes of functional disorders. Age did not significantly influence levels.

Conclusions

Overall, hFC and sFC provide similar results in the general pediatric GI ambulatory setting. FC is a sensitive but not disease‐specific marker to identify patients with IBD. Values appear to be higher in ONI GI disorders over functional disorders, although cut‐off values have yet to be determined.
amstar2Vis: An R package for presenting the critical appraisal of systematic reviews based on the items of AMSTAR 2
Authors: Bougioukas Konstantinos I. , Karakasis Paschalis , Pamporis Konstantinos , Bouras Emmanouil , Haidich Anna‐Bettina
Published: February 2024

Systematic reviews (SRs) have an important role in the healthcare decision‐making practice. Assessing the overall confidence in the results of SRs using quality assessment tools, such as “A MeaSurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews 2” (AMSTAR 2), is crucial since not all SRs are conducted using the most rigorous methods. In this article, we introduce a free, open‐source R package called “amstar2Vis” (https://github.com/bougioukas/amstar2Vis) that provides easy‐to‐use functions for presenting the critical appraisal of SRs, based on the items of AMSTAR 2 checklist. An illustrative example is outlined, describing the steps involved in creating a detailed table with the item ratings and the overall confidence ratings, generating a stacked bar plot that shows the distribution of ratings as percentages of SRs for each AMSTAR 2 item, and creating a “ggplot2” graph that shows the distribution of overall confidence ratings (“Critically Low,” “Low,” “Moderate,” or “High”). We expect “amstar2Vis” to be useful for overview authors and methodologists who assess the quality of SRs with AMSTAR 2 checklist and facilitate the production of pertinent publication‐ready tables and figures. Future research and applications could further investigate the functionality or potential improvements of our package.
Unlocking the beauty benefits: Exploring biosurfactants from Scheffersomyces shehatae for cosmetics
Authors: Cedrola Carine Cassimiro , Barbosa Fernanda Gonçalves , Marcelino Paulo Ricardo Franco , da Silva Natália Prado , Tavares Guilherme Diniz , Barradas Thaís Nogueira , da Silva Silvio Silvério , Vilela Fernanda Maria Pinto
Published: February 2024

As the cosmetic market continues to transform, innovative ingredients such as biosurfactants (BS) emerge as a fundamental step towards a generation of cosmetic products characterized by efficacy, safety, and environmental responsibility. In alignment with the global push towards natural, renewable, and non‐toxic materials, BS stands out as an interesting alternative to conventional synthetic surfactants. BS are a type of green surfactants and compared to synthetic surfactants derived from petroleum they are more biodegradable and have low or no toxicity. This work aimed to investigate the suitability of a biosurfactant extracted from the yeast Scheffersomyces shehatae (BS‐SS) to be used in cosmetic applications. The cytotoxicity of the BS‐SS was tested in fibroblast (L929) and keratinocyte (HaCaT) cell lines and the potential for ocular irritation was assessed by the hen's egg chorioallantoic membrane test (HET‐CAM). The cleaning efficiency of the BS‐SS was measured as the ability of make‐up removal in pig skin. Our results showed that the IC 50 values were 10.49 mg/mL for fibroblasts and 11.77 mg/mL for keratinocytes, and the biosurfactant did not result in hemorrhage, lysis, and coagulation damages in the chorioallantoic membrane, which classifies the biosurfactant solution as non‐irritant. Therefore, ocular toxicity and in vitro skin cell toxicity results showed that BS‐SS can be tolerable and safe for cosmetic purposes. BS‐SS featured promising cleaning properties, similar to the cleansing activity of the 1% SDS solution and of micellar water for lipstick and foundation products. In conclusion, the results indicate its potential use in cosmetic applications.
Resveratrol‐loaded pH‐responsive Mesona chinensis polysaccharides‐zein nanoparticles for effective treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Yang Jun , Lin Jieqiong , Zhang Weidong , Shen Mingyue , Wang Yuanxing , Xie Jianhua
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Resveratrol (Res) is promising food functional factor with favorable antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory properties, although its poor water solubility and low bioavailability limit extensive application. Therefore, in combination with another promising polysaccharide (Mesona chinensis polysaccharides, MCP), Res‐loaded food nanocarriers (ResNPs) were developed to increase its water solubility, bioactivity and targeting properties. ResNPs were then applied to alleviate dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced ulcerative colitis.

RESULTS

Resveratrol can be well encapsulated in MCP‐based nanoparticles in an amorphous state, improving its water solubility. ResNPs showed pH‐response controlled release behavior in the gastrointestinal tract and increased the enrichment of Res in the colon. In vivo experiments of ResNPs against DSS‐induced ulcerative colitis (UC) revealed that ResNPs significantly improved UC symptoms, modulated intestinal inflammation and down‐regulated oxidative stress levels compared to free Res. ResNPs also play an positive role with respect to inhibiting the mitogen‐activated protein kinase pathway and promoting the expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, ResNPs improved the species composition and relative abundance of intestinal flora in UC mice, which effectively regulated the balance of intestinal flora and promoted the production of short‐chain fatty acids.

CONCLUSION

These results suggest that MCP‐based nanoparticles can effectively improve the solubility of resveratrol and enhance its in vivo bioactivity. Moreover, the present study also provides a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of UC with food polyphenol. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Trends in research on cacti: the food of the future
Authors: Coqueiro Júlia Matos , Costa Lyvia Daim , Silva Larissa Correia e , dos Santos Conceição Luísa , da Silva Cardoso Patrick , Ferreira Ribeiro Camila Duarte , Otero Deborah Murowaniecki
Published: February 2024

Cacti are a distinguished group of plants that stand out for their great nutritional values, diverse uses, and unique morphology, allowing them to grow and thrive under different conditions such as dry, xeric, and even low‐temperature environments. The world is going through significant climate changes that are affecting the agriculture system. Therefore, sustainable and multifunctional crops, as many species of the Cactaceae family are, might be a good alternative in the near future. In this work, the uses of cacti in human food were analyzed through a scientific prospection from the point of view of their temporal and spatial distribution and potential uses. Brazil is the country with more publications related to the scope of this work, followed by Mexico. The presence of cacti in these countries can influence their interest in these species, which might reflect the results encountered in this study. The uses and ethnobotanical applications of cacti vary in different countries worldwide. Cactus is consumed fresh (in salads), in preparations (jams and sweets), and juices, being also present in traditional dishes in countries like Mexico. This study emphasizes cacti's importance in people's diets and ongoing world changes. Their ability to thrive even in hot environments with low water resources will lead to a greater focus on these species in the upcoming years. Furthermore, these plants have great flavor and contain several beneficial chemical compounds with desirable nutritional and health properties. Therefore, knowledge dissemination combined with technological innovations will allow greater use of these multifunctional species for human consumption. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Short‐term anaerobic treatment maintained the quality of Actinidia arguta by activating the antioxidant defense system
Authors: Ying Limei , Bian Jingwen , Zhao Fengjun , Chen Xi , Tang Jianxin , Jiang Fengli , Sun Bingxin
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

This study aimed to investigate the effect of 6, 12, and 24 h short‐term anaerobic treatment on kiwiberry quality and antioxidant properties at 5 °C.

RESULTS

Short‐term anaerobic treatment was found to delay ripening and softening in kiwiberries, evident from changes in ethylene release, total soluble solids, starch, protopectin, and fruit texture. The 24 h treatment group exhibited the lowest decay rate of 12% on day 49, a 38% reduction compared with the control group. Anaerobic treatment reduced flesh translucency and decay in the fruit. The 12 h and 24 h treatments enhanced the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase, and increased the level of total phenolics, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and ascorbic acid. Moreover, it lowered oxidative damage in cell membranes, evidenced by reduced malondialdehyde content and relative conductivity.

CONCLUSION

These results indicate that anaerobic treatment maintains the fruit quality by stimulating its antioxidant defense system. Therefore, short‐term anaerobic treatment emerges as a promising method for kiwiberry storage. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Optimization of cultivar, germination time and extraction for radish sprout extract with high sulforaphene content
Authors: Hur Gi Hyun , Lee Tae Kyung , Cho Yeon‐Jin , Kim Jong Hun , Park Jung Han Yoon , Yang Hee , Lee Ki Won
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Cruciferous vegetable sprout has been highlighted as a promising functional material rich in bioactive compounds called isothiocyanates (ITCs) and it can be grown in very short periods in controlled indoor farms. However, because ITCs content depends on multiple factors such as cultivar, germination time and myrosinase activity, those variables need to be controlled during germination or extraction to produce functional materials enriched in ITCs. Sulforaphene (SFEN), an ITC found primarily in radishes (Raphanus sativus L.), exerts beneficial effects on obesity. However, the optimal germination and extraction conditions for radish sprout (RSP) to increase SFEN content remain unascertained, and the extract's anti‐obesity effect has yet to be evaluated.

RESULTS

The present study found that the SFEN content was highest in purple radish sprout (PRSP) among the six cultivars investigated. Optimal SFEN content occurred after 2 days of PRSP germination (2 days PRSP). To maximize the dry matter yield, total ITCs and SFEN contents in RSP extract, we found the optimal conditions for extracting PRSP [27.5 °C, 60 min, 1:75.52 solute/solvent (w/v), no ascorbic acid] using response surface methodology. Consistent with high SFEN content, 2 days PRSP extract significantly outperformed 3 days or 4 days PRSP extract in inhibiting lipid accumulation in 3T3‐L1 cells. Moreover, 2 days PRSP extract suppressed adipogenesis and lipogenesis‐related protein expression.

CONCLUSION

Regarding the cultivar, germination time and extraction conditions, optimally produced PRSP extract contains high SFEN content and exerts anti‐obesity effects. Thus, we suggest PRSP extract as a potent functional material for obesity prevention. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Fluorinated benzoxazinones designed via MIA‐QSAR, docking and molecular dynamics as protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase inhibitors
Authors: de Faria Adriana C. , Martins Francisco A. , da Cunha Elaine F. F. , Freitas Matheus P.
Published: February 2024

BACKGROUND

Fluorine plays a significant role in agrochemical science because approximately 25% of herbicides licensed worldwide contain this element. In a pool of previously synthesized benzoxazinones, some compounds contained fluorine and demonstrated inhibitory activities against protoporphyrinogen IX oxidase (PPO). Therefore, three data sets of benzoxazinone derivatives with known inhibitory activity against PPO were employed to build a multivariate image analysis applied to a quantitative structure–activity relationships (MIA‐QSAR) model to identify improved analogs with at least one fluorine substituent.

RESULTS

The QSAR model was vigorously validated and demonstrated to be highly predictive (r2 = 0.85, q2 = 0.71, and r2pred = 0.88); thus, the model can provide reliable estimations for the PPO inhibitory activity of unknown derivatives. From these compounds, a couple of N‐substituted benzoxazinones that contained the ‐CH2CHF2 group were found with predicted pKi values larger than 8 (Ki in mol L−1) and higher lipophilicity than the most active data set compounds. In addition, we carried out a systematic investigation of the binding mode of PPO by performing computational docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations. The proposed binding mode was consistent with experimental studies, and several potential key residues were identified.

CONCLUSION

Two new proposed benzoxazinones exhibited better performance than compounds of the data set, and fluorine substituents played pivotal roles in describing the biological activities. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Ultrasonographic Evaluation of Nail Involvement in Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Kulaksız Bilal , Palamar Deniz , Misirlioglu Tugce Ozekli , Akgun Kenan , Terlemez Rana
Published: February 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate the nail units of patients with axial spondyloarthritis (ax‐SpA) using ultrasound and to identify any subclinical changes. We also aimed to examine the relationship between clinical enthesitis scores and nail involvement in patients with ax‐SpA.

Methods

The study included 40 patients with ax‐Spa, 40 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA), and 40 healthy controls. The thickness of the nail plates, morphological changes, the thickness of the proximal nail units, the thickness of the nail beds, and power Doppler signal intensities were evaluated and compared. Maastricht Ankylosing Spondylitis Enthesitis Score and Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada Enthesitis Index were also evaluated in patients with ax‐SpA.

Results

There was no significant difference between the thickness of the nail plates of the three groups (P > .05). The first nail bed thickness of ax‐SpA cases was significantly higher than the control group (P = .046), and the fourth and fifth nail proximal unit thicknesses of the control group were significantly lower than the ax‐SpA and PsA groups (P = .023, P = .017). We also found that the Wortsman scores of the cases with PsA were significantly higher than the ax‐SpA and control groups (P = .0001).

Conclusion

The thickness of the proximal nail unit adjacent to the insertion of the digital extensor tendon, which is considered as the enthesis area, is similar to the patients with PsA in patients with ax‐SpA, especially in the fourth and fifth fingers compared to the control group. On the other hand, almost no structural changes in nail plates were observed in patients with ax‐SpA group.
Psoriasiform dermatitis in a person of colour with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Seidel Paloma A. , Braun Stephan A. , Magnolo Nina
Published: February 2024

A 43‐year‐old patient from Liberia presented with itching scaly plaques, impaired quality of life persisting for 9 months and intermittent joint pain in the knees. Personal and family history was unremarkable. Coexisting diagnoses included type 1 diabetes mellitus and liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis B and D. The patient reported ongoing use of Tenofovir, Propranolol, Glargine and Aspart. Clinical examination showed disseminated brownish, partly confluent hyperkeratotic plaques distributed throughout the integument in a Fitzpatrick skin type V. A skin biopsy revealed histologically a psoriasiform dermatitis. Laboratory findings included lymphocytopenia and elevated liver values. Hepatitis B serology confirmed chronic hepatitis B. Considering the clinical and histopathological findings Psoriasis vulgaris was diagnosed and psoriatic arthritis was ruled out by a rheumatologist. After consulting with the hepatologist, systemic therapy with Apremilast was initiated. Despite an initial positive response, gastrointestinal side effects led to a switch to therapy with Tildrakizumab, with regular monitoring of transaminases and HBV DNA. Despite an initial positive treatment response, a secondary loss of efficacy occurred prompting a switch to Risankizumab. Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory systemic disease significantly impacting quality of life, necessitating optimal long‐term management. In this case, therapy with Apremilast and biologic therapy targeting IL‐23 blockade, even with concurrent hepatitis B, was well tolerated and effective. However, the evidence on the safety of modern psoriasis therapies in known chronic infections remains limited. Noteworthy in this case report is the patient's dark skin type. Diagnosing inflammatory dermatoses in People of Colour is challenging due to less visible erythema and other clinical nuances, exacerbating the already poorer healthcare for People of Colour. This case aims to raise awareness about the need for increased representation of People of Colour in education, presentations and clinical trials to ensure better care for this patient population.
Physicochemical and sensory attributes of scones made from wheat–taro (Colocasia esculenta)–lentils (Lens culinaris) composite flour
Authors: Shongwe Tengetile N. , Kidane Solomon Worku , Shelembe Jermiah S. , Nkambule Thabile P.
Published: February 2024

The effect of blend proportion on the functional properties of wheat–taro–lentil composite flour and the physicochemical and sensory quality of scones was studied. The water absorption capacity (WAC), oil absorption capacity (OAC) and bulk density (BD) significantly (p < .05) increased whereas the swelling index (SWI) decreased with increase in the proportion of lentil flour. Batter viscosity significantly (p < .05) decreased from 1972 to 1968 cP with increase in the proportion of lentil flour. The crude protein content increased from 5.81% to 9.83% and the ash content decreased from 4.61% to 2.29% with increase in the lentil proportion. Specific volume, volume and height decreased with increase in the proportion of lentil. The baking loss increased from 5.36% to 13.56% with increase in taro flour proportion. The L*, a* and b* colour values and sensory attributes were also significantly affected by the blend proportions. Based on the results, lentils can be incorporated up to 30% and taro up to 10% for a protein‐enhanced and acceptable product.
Prediction of nano metal matrix composites based on hybrid approach
Authors: Sudheer Kumar Varma N. , Rajasekhar P. , Ganesan G. , Sita Rama Raju K.
Published: February 2024

This manuscript proposes a hybrid method to predict the optimal nano‐metal matrix composites. The proposed hybrid technique is the wrapper of the Fire‐Hawk Optimizer (FHO) and Spiking Neural Network (SNN). Commonly it is known as FHO‐SNN method. The main objective of the proposed method is to improve the method parameters for better enhancement in mechanical properties. FHO approach is used to improve the process parameters of stirring squeeze casting method. The SNN predicts optimal parameters. Moreover, the problem based on the casting is reduced. By then the proposed hybrid technique performance is performed in the MATLAB platform and associated with various existing approaches. The proposed system shows the high tensile strength, impact energy and hardness compared with other existing methods.
Simulation study on the performance of gap oil film lubrication under extreme working conditions of micro‐textured hydrostatic support
Authors: Feng Yanan , Yu Xiaodong , Jiang Hui , Dai Ruichun , Jia Wentao , Wang Junfeng , Jiao Jianhua
Published: February 2024

Based on the theory of fluid mechanics, the lubrication performance of micro‐textured hydrostatic bearings is derived. Under extreme operating conditions, the lubrication performance of clearance oil film without micro‐texture and with rectangular and triangular micro‐textures added to the oil sealing edge is simulated, and the experimental verification of the lubrication performance of the double rectangular cavity without micro‐texture is conducted. The results show that regardless of whether micro‐texture is added or not, the oil film pressure is distributed in a stepped shape, and the highest temperature of the oil film occurs at the intersection of the oil sealing edges on the outside of the double rectangular cavity. When the maximum depth of triangular micro‐texture is 1.5 mm and the dimension of a segment is 1 mm, triangular micro‐texture with an obtuse angle of 103° has the best comprehensive lubrication performance, but its oil film bearing capacity still does not exceed that of rectangular micro‐texture.
Tribological properties of a novel iron‐based self‐lubricating composite
Authors: Zhu Chen , Ahn Ilhoon , Zheng Xiaojing , Bao Yichen , Dong Yinghui , Yao Lulu , Song Ruhong , Wei Daogao , Xu Yufu
Published: February 2024

In this work, the tribological properties of a novel iron‐based self‐lubricating composite as the tribopairs of a plunger pump were systematically studied on an end‐face tribometer, and the tribological mechanism was also revealed. The results show that the wear mechanism of the composite can be ascribed to adhesive wear when the sliding speed is lower than 1.5 m/s. As the sliding speed increases from 1.5 to 2.0 m/s, the wear type transforms to oxidative wear due to the increase of tribo‐oxidation. In addition, the failure criteria of the tribopair composite materials are summarised. When the average coefficient of friction is greater than 0.04, or the wear rate is greater than 9.66 μm3/(N m), the tribopair fails. This offers a valuable reference for industrial application of the tribopairs made from the iron‐based self‐lubricating composite.
Analyzing the Influence of Multimaterial 3D Printing and Postprocessing on Mechanical and Tribological Characteristics
Authors: Yilmaz Sinan , Gul, Okan , Eyri Busra , Karsli N. Gamze , Yilmaz Taner
Published: February 2024

3D printing has witnessed a remarkable surge in popularity due to its flexibility in design and adaptability as a manufacturing technique to nearly each industrial area. This study focuses on harnessing the technological versatility of 3D printing by utilizing both standard poly lactic acid (PLA) and copper powder‐doped PLA to fabricate intricate structures through a layer‐by‐layer additive manufacturing process. The other innovation introduced here lies in the postprocessing step, which involves salt remelting. The mechanical properties of 3D‐printed standard test specimens undergo comprehensive assessment, encompassing bending and tensile evaluations, hardness measurements, density assessments, dimensional stability analyses, and wear resistance examinations. Utilizing copper powder‐doped PLA for the initial and final layers in XYZ‐oriented prints enables multimaterial printing, resulting in an ≈14% increase in tensile strength. Subsequently, subjecting this multimaterial composite to salt remelting elevates the strength enhancement to ≈16%, accompanied by a significant boost in rigidity by reducing voids in cross‐sectional area. In addition, scanning electron microscope images are captured, allowing for a detailed morphological analysis, which is then correlated with the findings of the various tests performed. This research unveils the potential of 3D printing technology in crafting materials with tailored mechanical properties, advancing its applicability in numerous industrial sectors.
Are Cognitive Symptoms Part of the Phenotypic Spectrum of Idiopathic Adult‐Onset Dystonia? Summary of Evidence from Controlled Studies
Authors: Defazio Giovanni , Muroni Antonella , Taurisano Paolo , Gigante Angelo Fabio , Fanzecco Michela , Martino Davide
Published: February 2024

Background

Cognitive dysfunction has been reported in idiopathic adult‐onset dystonia (IAOD), but whether this is a primary or secondary component of the disorder remains uncertain.

Objective

Here, we aimed to analyze the key domains of abnormal cognitive performance in IAOD and whether this is associated with motor or mood changes.

Methods

Article selection for our critical review was guided by PRISMA guidelines (mesh terms “dystonia” and “cognitive,” publication period: 2000–2022). Only peer‐reviewed, English‐language original case–control studies involving patients with IAOD who were not exposed to dopamine‐ or acetylcholine‐modulating agents and validated cognitive assessments were included.

Results

Abstract screening ultimately yielded 22 articles for full‐text review and data extraction. A greater proportion of studies (17 of 22, 82%) reported abnormal cognitive performance in IAOD. Most of these studies focused on blepharospasm (BSP) and cervical dystonia (10 and 14, respectively). Most studies reporting cognitive impairment (11 of 17) identified multidomain impairment in cognition. Executive functions were the domain most frequently explored (14 of 22 studies), 79% of which detected worse performance in people with dystonia. Results related to other domains were inconclusive. Cognitive abnormalities were independent of motor symptoms in most studies (7 of 12) that explored this relationship and independent of mood status in all 8 that investigated this.

Conclusions

Within IAOD, cognitive dysfunction (in particular, executive dysfunction) has been documented mainly in BSP and cervical dystonia. More comprehensive testing is warranted to assess abnormalities in other domains and in other forms of IAOD, as well as to evaluate longitudinal progression of cognitive disturbances in this condition.
Coupled Activation of the Hyperdirect and Cerebellothalamic Pathways with Zona Incerta Deep Brain Stimulation
Authors: Bingham Clayton S. , McIntyre Cameron C.
Published: February 2024

Background

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) or ventral intermediate nucleus (VIM) are established targets for the treatment of Parkinson's disease (PD) or essential tremor (ET), respectively. However, DBS of the zona incerta (ZI) can be effective for both disorders. VIM DBS is assumed to achieve its therapeutic effect via activation of the cerebellothalamic (CBT) pathway, whereas the activation of the hyperdirect (HD) pathway likely plays a role in the mechanisms of STN DBS. Interestingly, HD pathway axons also emit collaterals to the ZI and red nucleus (RN) and the CBT pathway courses nearby to the ZI.

Objective

The aim was to examine the ability of ZI DBS to mutually activate the HD and CBT pathways in a detailed computational model of human DBS.

Methods

We extended a previous model of the human HD pathway to incorporate axon collaterals to the ZI and RN. The anatomical framework of the model system also included representations of the CBT pathway and internal capsule (IC) fibers of passage. We then performed detailed biophysical simulations to quantify DBS activation of the HD, CBT, and IC pathways with electrodes located in either the STN or ZI.

Results

STN DBS and ZI DBS both robustly activated the HD pathway. However, STN DBS was limited by IC activation at higher stimulus amplitudes. Alternatively, ZI DBS avoided IC activation while simultaneously activating the HD and CBT pathways.

Conclusions

From both neuroanatomical and biophysical perspectives, ZI DBS represents an advantageous target for coupled activation of the HD and CBT pathways. © 2024 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.