bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Diplomacy in Ireland and Japan
Authors: Neary John
Published: July 2024

Public diplomacy enables private citizens to be involved in international relations either through initiatives sponsored by governments or through direct people-to-people contacts in areas such as culture, business, education, tourism and sport. Public Diplomacy in Ireland and Japan traces the evolution of this growing branch of diplomacy and examines the role it has played in the foreign policies of Ireland and Japan, and in their bilateral relationship. It concludes that public diplomacy has contributed significantly to strengthening the links between the two countries.
Countering Post-industrial Capitalism in the Former Yugoslavia through Art
Authors: Kojanić Ognjen
Published: July 2024

The focus of this chapter is the mural painted in ITAS Prvomajska, a factory in north-west Croatia. I base my interpretation on interviews with its creators and the curators who commissioned it, as well as ethnographic research on worker ownership in ITAS. The mural is linked to the history of ITAS and, more broadly, to the socialist self-management legacy of Yugoslavia and the post-socialist trajectory of Croatia. I examine how the artist collective KURS avoids the pitfalls of what they see as aestheticization of the ITAS struggle. I also consider a potential limitation of the mural’s effectiveness in the post-industrial present in cases when the audience lacks understanding of the context of the elements of the mural.
Reclaiming Industrial Heritage through Affect
Authors: Gkitsa Dimitra
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores the post-socialist condition using as an entry point the under-represented industrial ruination in Albania. This is developed by discussing three specific art projects that work with post-industrial ruined sites in Albania: Enisa Cenaliaj’s performance Welcome Dear Workers (2005) at the former Stalin Textile Factory in Tirana, the site-specific installations of the exhibition Informal Mind (2014), taking place at the ruins of the Metallurgical Factory in Elbasan, and Driant Zeneli’s video installation Maybe the Cosmos Is Not So Extraordinary (2019). The chapter argues that post-industrial ruined spaces are sites of modern heritage which can offer an alternative reading of the socialist history, transforming the difficult knowledge of the past into critical articulations about the conditions that define the present.
“Indescribable Misery” (Mis)translated : A Letter from Manila’s Chinese Merchants to the Spanish King (1598)1
Authors: Fang Yangyou
Published: July 2024

Over a hundred Chinese merchants in Manila wrote a letter in Chinese to King Phillip II of Spain in 1598. In the letter, they denounced the corruption and abuses of the Spanish colonial officials in the Philippines. Their petition sheds light the poetic and political subjectivity of the Chinese merchant class under Spanish colonial rule. The elite Manila Chinese challenged the Spanish tendency to marginalize and treat the diverse peoples in the Philippines as a single, inferior group. They also resisted identification as “sangleys,” a common term used by Spaniards for the Chinese in Manila. Their narrative also challenges the sincerity of Catholic conversion of the resident Chinese, who considered it a beneficial process for naturalization.
A Catholic Conceptualization of the Pacific Ocean : The Mental Geography of Giambattista Lucarelli on His Journey from Mexico to China (1578)1
Authors: Salomoni David
Published: July 2024

The following text is part of a travel report written by the Italian Franciscan missionary Giambattista Lucarelli about his journey from Italy to China, which occurred between 1577 and 1578. The report conveys a unique mental landscape in which space and time are represented and conceptualized not only on the basis of measurable elements, but mainly using religious recurrences and events, such as miracles, festivities, and visions. Lucarelli’s religious conceptualization extends to elements such as social social relations, the construction of gender, and the representation of native peoples.
Grief, Commemoration, and the Poetics of Disruption in the Works of Frances Norton
Authors: Garret Nicole
Published: July 2024

Taking up the question of whether Frances Norton’s apparent religious orthodoxy is at odds with a feminist consciousness, this chapter argues that her literary works are parts of an ongoing project to memorialize her daughter, Grace Gethin, whose death interrupts participation in gendered spheres of marriage and motherhood. Norton’s commemorative project challenges conventional gender roles by generating an identity for Gethin as a woman of letters and spiritual authority, albeit through the tolerated feminine activities of needlework and devotional writing. Paying special attention to Norton’s published needlework poetry, this chapter argues that Norton foregrounds women’s grief and domestic labour.
Both Enabling and Limiting: Religion as a Sponsor of Feminism in the Eighteenth-Century Labouring-Class Verses of Collier, Leapor, and Yearsley
Authors: Van-Hagen Steve
Published: July 2024

This chapter examines the use of New Testament teachings in Biblical tales (often, paradoxically, from the Old Testament) in the poetry of three eighteenth-century English labouring-class poets, Mary Collier, Mary Leapor, and Ann Yearsley. It argues that they used these teachings to agitate in the direction of a more equalitarian gender politics. Nonetheless, it suggests that while New Testament teachings enabled the poets to justify feminist sentiment, they simultaneously placed limits upon the nature and extent of agitation for social change that could be articulated, precluding aggressive or violent protest that would be incompatible with the ethics of these teachings.
Organisations, Media, and Society
Authors: van der Meer Toni G. L. A. , Burgers Christian , Jacobs Sandra H. J. , Schafraad Pytrik , Boukes Mark
Published: July 2024

The dynamic interplay between organisations, media, and society is central to this chapter and highlights ASCoR’s Corporate Communication group’s issue-centred and society-focused approach to explore communication between organisations and their environment. Studying this interplay allows questions to be answered regarding organisations’ role in our mediated society, how organisations shape and are shaped by public and media debates, and how societal issues have become inherently intertwined with organisational practices. To provide a broad overview of the studies conducted by ASCoR researchers on this specific topic, this chapter outlines three main topics: (1) organisations and news media, (2) mediatisation of organisations, and (3) organisational legitimacy.
Stereoscopic Space in Cinema
Authors: Ben Romdhane Yosr
Published: July 2024

The perception of stereoscopic images is linked to a certain number of objective and quantifiable stimuli, which are translated by the viewer’s body into a range of sensations. A number of examples from 3D films1 enable these subjective sensations, physically experienced although rarely verbalized, to be distinguished and described. They are also linked with the stereoscopic techniques that allow the body to experience them, confirming their objective character. Haptic sensation is perhaps the most interesting of the bodily effects resulting from the basic apparatus of 3D cinema, recalling Wheatstone’s original aim of simulating the actual presence of an object. Examples of ignoring what is normally considered “good practice” in modern stereoscopy, to produce the sensations of “Liliputism” or “Gigantism,” are explored; as well as the stimulation of such visceral sensations as vertigo, acceleration and displacement in films as varied as Gravity, Maleficent, and The Walk, leading to the conclusion that 3D cinema can now offer fundamentally new bodily experiences, potentially leading to the creation of new meanings.
Machine Aesthetics: Animation through Technology, Animation of Technology
Authors: Koch Gertrud
Published: July 2024

Framed around twenty-first-century anxieties regarding automation and artificial intelligence, this chapter argues for moving beyond the dualism of humans and technology in favor of a consideration of aesthetic dealings with machines and technology. Koch considers the visual appeal of machines from the nineteenth century onward, as well as the human body as the interface of communication with technology. In the process, Koch offers the possibility of a discourse centered less on human obsolescence than on a human-machine dialectic, whether revealing the productive or the destructive side of technology. The chapter considers a variety of examples from political economy, philosophy of technology, literature, film, and contemporary art, all of which invite a reassessment of human-machine interrelation.
A New Material Interpretation of Twelfth-Century Architecture
Authors: Crow Jason
Published: July 2024

Today, we perceive Gothic cathedrals as light-filled forms representing the sacred. The colored light projected from brightly-colored stained glass windows onto the walls and floors of these buildings suggests the presence of divinity. Suger (1081–1151CE), the abbot of the monastery of Saint-Denis, is credited with originating Gothic architecture. However, focus on form and structure has elided attention to the material out of which medieval churches were made. When Suger describes the early church he was replacing, he says that the gold and gems it contained beamed outwardly with a gleaming light that filled the eye. When he restored his church and filled it with the shining souls of his ecclesia, he repeated God’s divine act of creation. His restored church imitated the precious stones that could be shaped and polished to reveal divine light. By crafting stone, Suger fulfilled the divine plan to make heaven on earth.
Monstrosity, Bodies, and Knowledge in Early Modern England
Authors: Dirks Whitney
Published: July 2024

In 1680, the poor cottager Mary Herring gave birth to conjoined twins. At two weeks of age, they were kidnapped to be shown for money, and their deaths shortly thereafter gave rise to a four-year legal battle over ownership and income. The Herring twins’ microhistory weaves throughout this book, as the chapter structure alternates between the family’s ordeal and the broader cultural context of how so-called ‘monstrous births’ (a contemporary term for deformed humans and animals) were discussed in cheap print, exhibited in London’s pubs and coffeehouses, examined by the Royal Society, portrayed in visual culture, and litigated in London’s legal courts. This book ties together social and medical history, Disability Studies, and Monster Studies to argue that people discussed unusual bodies in early modern England because they provided newsworthy entertainment, revealed the will of God, and demonstrated the internal workings of Nature.
Notions of Privacy at Early Modern European Courts
Authors: Neighbors Dustin M. , Nørgaard Lars Cyril , Woodacre Elena
Published: July 2024

Grand, extravagant, magnificent, scandalous, corrupt, political, personal, fractious; these are terms often associated with the medieval and early modern courts. Moreover, the court constituted a forceful nexus in the social world, which was central to the legitimacy and authority of rulership. As such, courts shaped European politics and culture: architecture, art, fashion, patronage, and cultural exchanges were integral to the spectacle of European courts. Researchers have convincingly emphasised the public nature of courtly events, procedures, and ceremonies. Nevertheless, court life also involved pockets of privacy, which have yet to be systematically addressed. This edited collection addresses this lacuna and offers interpretations that urge us to reassesses the public nature of European courts. Thus, the proposed publication will fertilise the grounds for a discussion of the past and future of court studies. Indeed, the contributions make us reconsider present-day understandings of privacy as a stable and uncontestable notion.
Celebrity Activism and Philanthropy in Asia
Authors: Lau Dorothy
Published: July 2024

Recent years have witnessed the increasing visibility of Asian celebrities in activism, advocacy, diplomacy, philanthropy, and ambassadorship but this phenomenon is under-explored. This volume provides a critical intervention in celebrity activism and philanthropy by examining the civic imaginaries and mobilisations of Asian celebrities-turned-activists or philanthropists, alongside an array of significations and tensions involved. The analysis anchors on a roster of high-profile Asian icons including Bollywood star Aamir Khan, K-pop sensation BTS, Cantopop singer Denise Ho, and Chinese live-streamer Weiya, who exhibit universal morals while underscoring local or regional affiliations as propelled by expansive media networks. Adopting cosmopolitics as the methodological frame, this volume suggests “muliversal consciousness,” a staple to code the star-powered goodwill in times of disjuncture and rupture. To its critical ends, this book attempts to disrupt the Eurocentric tendency in the discursive construction of celebrity-cause dynamics, disentangling the complexities of Asian power, global citizenship, and techno-capitalist logics.
British Law and Governance in Treaty Port China 1842-1927: Consuls, Courts and Colonial Subjects
Authors: Thompson Alex
Published: July 2024

In putting extraterritoriality into practice in the treaty ports, the British state did not simply withdraw rights from the Chinese state; it inhabited the space made by extraterritoriality by building institutions and engaging in practices which had consequences for the development of the treaty ports, and which need to be at the forefront of any attempt to understand colonialism in China. Through a focus both on the creation of law and institutions, and also on the management of British ‘problem populations’ – violent Europeans and ‘martial’ Indians – this book provides a revision of the history of empire and colonialism in China, explaining important features which have to date been glossed over in studies of other aspects of treaty port colonialism. Colonialism in China casts a long shadow, but key aspects of the British state’s central role in this history have before now been little understood.
Early Modern Women’s Mobility, Authority, and Agency across the Spanish Empire
Authors: Cruz Anne J. , Álvarez Alejandra Franganillo
Published: July 2024

The new parameters of a global world in the early modern period gave rise to an expansion of movement that facilitated spatial and social mobility for women of different social ranks. Through their reexamination of archival documents and travel narratives, these essays investigate the opportunities for female mobility across the Spanish Empire, narrating the journeys of women who assumed new and unpredictable roles in distant environments. Some risked transoceanic journeys to hold positions of colonial power, while nuns traveled to found convents. Portuguese and Genoese women financiers and merchants traversed the Mediterranean to command enterprises in different cities. Breaking with tradition, the noblewomen considered in these essays exercised political agency as ambassadresses and diplomatic spies at various European courts. Still other women fled across borders from oppressive marriages or cross-dressed as soldiers to perform adventurous feats in support of imperial causes. Their frequently distorted histories, authored by men, have been revised and rectified by the authors of this volume.
Mobilizing Female Relatives: The Countess of Berlepsch’s Strategies at the Habsburg Courts
Authors: Kozák Valentina Marguerite
Published: July 2024

This chapter analyzes the journey of Catherine von Cramm (1682–1738) a German baroness who traveled from the Holy Roman Empire to the Spanish Monarchy to obtain a career at court and ascend socially. Recommended by her aunt and the Spanish queen’s confidante, the Countess of Berlepsch, for a court appointment in Madrid, she converted to Catholicism and obtained a position at the Viennese court. From there, she traveled to serve at the Madrid court in the Spanish queen’s household. Her aunt’s patronage facilitated Catherine’s arrival and incorporation to both courts. This study will shed light on the mechanisms of favor and mobility that allowed Catherine von Cramm to serve at the Madrid court and ascend socially through marriage.
Health and Society in Early Modern Sweden
Authors: Eyice Mari , Forss Charlotta
Published: July 2024

The understanding of what health is and how it can be maintained has changed through history. Questions like who can perform healing? and what sort of bodies are considered healthy? have elicited widely divergent responses in different societies. This volume explores how health was understood and practiced in the early modern Nordic region, with a focus on Sweden, including Finland. The chapters examine topics such as the dyslexia of Charles XI, lay perceptions of bodily and mental variability, and the health benefits attributed to using the sauna. Together, the essays give a holistic view of how practices of health evolved in close symmetry with societal institutions and localised worldviews. As such, the volume is a timely intervention into the social history of medicine, contributing to the historicisation of health as a concept and shedding light on developments in the Nordic world.
Illness as Incapacity to Work in Early Modern Sweden
Authors: Runesson Anton
Published: July 2024

The chapter analyses the meanings of ‘illness’ and ‘incapacity’ in early modern Swedish criminal investigations. In so doing, it challenges the prevalence of humoral theory in previous scholarship regarding popular notions of sickness and health. The chapter shows that people described themselves as ill and ‘incapacitated’ as a way of emphasising that their bodies were of less use to them for purposes of work. Corresponding to illness and incapacity were specific measures of abledness, in relation to which a person’s varied ability to perform normal routines were assessed. It is thus argued that notions of health were based on people’s reliance upon their bodies for purposes of subsistence, and, in conclusion, that people embraced a functional understanding of both ill and good health.
Health in Body and Soul in a Female Birgittine Convent 1516–1522
Authors: Larsson Gabriela Bjarne
Published: July 2024

This chapter analyses the perceptions of health of the early modern former spice merchant and Birgittine nun, Katerina Lemmel. At the monastery she entered at age fifty, they combined religious healing methods with humoral pathological methods. Katerina introduced spiced food, salutary drinks, and medication made of spices and a liquid binder. She considered the medicinal effects of using spices in these different ways as equivalent to traditional religious healing methods. They all promoted well-being and contentment, as well as strength. Nevertheless, whether one would remain healthy or recover from an ailment lay in the hands of God. However, an individual should contribute to their own well-being. First and foremost, one should eat the right foods but not abstain from food.
Curing Madness and Mental Disturbances: Religious Healing Activities in Early Modern Swedish Local Communities
Authors: Miettinen Riikka
Published: July 2024

The chapter discusses how religion and religious practices were used in healing madness in seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century Sweden. According to holistic ideas on health, true faith demonstrated via religious practice was vital both for recovering from illnesses and for upholding and improving one’s health. The afflicted themselves, and their kin, as well as parish communities and clergy sought alleviation from mental disturbances through prayer, hymn singing and other religious rituals. These spiritual healing practices that were in line with the era’s orthodox Lutheranism were encouraged by medical and church authorities. Local clergy assisted in this process, by counselling, visitations, and organising communal prayers in churches. Families and other local communities could also participate in the healing process.
Not Quacks but Close: Reappraising the Role of Physicians on the Eighteenth-Century Medical Market
Authors: Fors Hjalmar
Published: July 2024

This chapter reassesses the relationship between physicians and the eighteenth-century Swedish state. It argues that physicians’ connection to the state was rather tenuous throughout the period, and that they were neither considered nor treated as an important part of the cameralist machine of governance. This is a position which runs contrary to earlier historiography, which has tended to portray eighteenth-century physicians as forerunners to nineteenth- and twentieth-century branches of the state that are concerned with social medicine, hygiene, and general improvement of the health of the population. By giving examples of how physicians operated in different roles on the Swedish medical market and in relation to the state, the chapter points to the sprawling complexity of early modern health practices.
Ophelia with Spectator: Hamlet and Watery Cognition
Authors: Habinek Lianne
Published: July 2024

Why does Ophelia drown? The most curious sort of Lucretian pleasure is that which the spectator, safe on shore, derives from watching the shipwreck — a moment Lucretius details in De rerum natura to highlight the benefits of Epicurean philosophy. This potent metaphor, probed by Hans Blumenburg, raises questions about the relationship between the philosopher and the public, and about the ultimate duty of the learned to the unlearned. This chapter explores this metaphor and its watery connotations through Gertrude’s account of Ophelia’s death. In Shakespeare and Lucretius, a spectator on dry land observes a less fortunate soul experience watery destruction. There is no explicit pleasure in Hamlet, but by considering the scene alongside Lucretius, and by probing the nature of the metaphor, we may derive similar existential relief.
Flake: The Shapes of Snow in Early Modern Culture
Authors: Duckert Lowell
Published: July 2024

Even as snowflakes’ hexagonal pattern and six-fingered shape have become better understood over time, the reason why they sprout six limbs in mirror likeness to one another remains beautifully elusive. This paper visits several early modern texts enchanted by ice crystals: Johannes Kepler’s The Six-Cornered Snowflake (1611), Olaus Magnus’s Historia de Gentibus Septentrionalibus (1555), and Frederick Martens’s narrative (1694) of his 1671 voyage to Spitsbergen. Their firsthand sketches and natural-philosophical hypotheses exhibit a radical curiosity about snowflakes’ radiating animacy; in doing so, they extend, rather than resolve, the mystery of water’s myriad formations. These authors offer a kind of “flake thinking” that eschews complete understanding in favor of prolific flaws. A snowflake’s epistemological brilliance congeals some ideas while simultaneously branching into others.
Estuarial Rage and Resistance in Pulter’s “The Complaint of Thames”
Authors: Dyani Johns Taff
Published: July 2024

This chapter explores Hester Pulter’s poem “The Complaint of Thames.” The river laments the imprisonment of Charles I by the Parliamentarians in 1647; she expresses political rage, seeing herself as having lost global status with the downfall of the English King. The river Thames calls on the ancient sea monsters Scylla and Charybdis to cleanse England of the scourge of the Parliamentarians by drowning them in estuarial floodwaters. But the river’s descriptions of a violent Caroline court and her call for community with global river cultures reframes the sea monsters, linking environmental and political resistance. Pulter deploys but also sometimes upends racist, sexist, and ableist tropes about dark environments and monsters; she posits dissolution and revolution—submersion in estuarial waters—as central theological, poetic, and political tenets.
Introduction : Watery Thinking: Minds and Water In and Beyond the Early Modern Period
Authors: Helms Nic , Mentz Steve
Published: July 2024

Water and cognition would seem to be unrelated, the one a physical environment and the other an intellectual process. The animating claim of this book shows how bringing these two modes together revitalizes our understanding of both. Water and especially oceanic spaces have been central to recent trends in the environmental humanities and premodern ecocriticism. Cognition, including ideas about the “extended mind” and other forms of distributed cognition, has also been important in early modern literary and cultural studies over the past few decades. This book contains contributions by influential voices in both early modern cognitive studies and the blue humanities, but its central project aims not only to think “water” and “cognition” as distinct critical modes, but also to combine them in what this introduction terms “watery thinking.”
Theoretical Perspectives on Fan Scholarship in the Franchise Era
Authors: van de Goor Sophie Charlotte
Published: July 2024

This book is a practical and theoretical guide for anyone interested in researching popular media, popular culture, audiences, and fans. Unlike most books, Theoretical Perspectives does not talk about media texts or fan communities. Instead, it critically explores the workings of fan scholarship: research on popular media and fan culture done by scholars who are often fans themselves, showing and challenging how we have constructed certain ideas about what fans and fandom are, and how to study them/as a fan.

Analysing scholarship on two transmedia franchises (The Marvel Cinematic Universe and the BBC’s Sherlock) with the help of extensive international participant discussion, Theoretical Perspectives explores and unravels established, popular theoretical frameworks and value systems on taste and legitimacy, subversion, filtering and safe spaces, neoliberal capitalist realism, and fannish dispositions to offer new approaches for anyone who wants to create a better understanding of fans, fandom, and themselves.
Art and Its Geographies
Authors: Vermeulen Ingrid
Published: July 2024

Schools of art represent one of the building blocks of art history. The notion of a school of art emerged in artistic discourse and disseminated across various countries in Europe during the early modern period. Whilst a school of art essentially denotes a group of artists or artworks, it came to be configured in multiple ways, encompassing different meanings of learning, origin, style, or nation, and mediated in various forms via academies, literature, collections, markets and galleries. Moreover, it contributed to competitive debate around the hierarchy of art and artists in Europe. The ensuing fundamental instability of the notion of a school of art helped to create a pluriform panorama of both distinct and interconnected artistic traditions within the European art world. This edited collection brings together 20 articles devoted to selected case studies from the Italian peninsula, the Low Countries, France, Spain, England, the German Empire, and Russia.
Conceptualising Schools of Art: Giovanni Battista Agucchi’s (1570–1632) Theory and Its Afterlife
Authors: Oy-Marra Elisabeth
Published: July 2024

This essay features a close reading of Giovanni Battista Agucchi’s concept of artistic schools, which he develops in his uncomplete treatise, published 1646 by Giovanni Antonio Massani. From this fragment, it can be shown that an artistic geography, which had been formulated to a large extent by Giorgio Vasari and which is seen here from a different perspective, has been modified and developed further. In particular, I focus on the goals Agucchi pursued in his conception of artistic schools. While he regarded these schools as a historical development, he seeks to praise the Carracci for their unification of three of the four types of painting that he identified. Agucchi’s concept of artistic schools was influential and further developed by Francesco Scannelli and Giovan Pietro Bellori, while later authors referred to the invention of schools.
Michael Huber’s (1727–1804) Notices (1787) and Manuel (1797–1808): A Comparative Analysis of the French School of the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Meyer Véronique
Published: July 2024

Through his Notices and Manuel, Michael Huber proposes a synthesis that had not yet been attempted in the history of engraving articulated according to schools. Despite his reservations about this organisation, he gives a useful idea of the French school. As the defender of classicism, he appreciates what is simple and severe, while as the defender of history painting, he judges with severity what was done from the end of the reign of Louis XIV to the first half of eighteenth century. He explains the causes of the decline that began at the beginning of the century and compares it with the situation in other countries. Huber was undoubtedly the leading expert of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries for the French school.
Chronology and School: Questioning Two Competing Criteria for the Classification of Print Collections around 1800
Authors: Brakensiek Stephan
Published: July 2024

Adam von Bartsch (1757–1821) was a central figure in the discussion of various models for organising print collections around 1800. No longer understood exclusively as image archives for princely or bourgeois representational needs, prints came to be arranged according to contemporary scientific criteria. Two competing categories in particular will be considered here: ‘chronology’ and ‘school’. These categories were used to create print collections in the service of the history of art, art connoisseurship, the emancipation of printmaking as an art form, and moral education. Ultimately, the uses of the collections went beyond mere classification, contributing to a deeper understanding of the process of art as a more complex system of mutual influences and social factors.
Giants and Dwarfs in European Art and Culture, ca. 1350-1750
Authors: O'Bryan Robin , Else Felicia
Published: July 2024

Not since Edward Wood’s Giants and Dwarfs published in 1868 has the subject been the focus of a scholarly study in English. Treating the topic afresh, this volume offers new insights into the vogue for giants and dwarfs that flourished in late-medieval and early modern Europe. From chapters dealing with the real dwarfs and giants in the royal and princely courts, to the imaginary giants and dwarfs that figured in the crafting of nationalistic and ancestral traditions, to giants and dwarfs used as metaphorical expression, scholars discuss their role in art, literature, and ephemeral display. Some essays examine giants and dwarfs as monsters and marvels and collectibles, while others show artists and writers emphasizing contrasts in scale to inspire awe or for comic effect. As these investigations reveal, not all court dwarfs functioned as jesters, and giant figures might equally be used to represent heroes, anti-heroes, and even a saint.
Introduction : Giants and Dwarfs as Real, Imagined, and Metaphorical Entities*
Authors: O’Bryan Robin
Published: July 2024

This introductory chapter provides a broad survey of the ways in which the enthusiasm for giants and dwarfs pervaded European art and culture in the late medieval and early modern eras. As well as examining dwarfs and the occasional giant who served in the courts, the discussion extends to giants and dwarfs featuring in courtly and public festivities. From there it moves on to show how dwarfs became ubiquitous motifs in painting, sculpture, and the graphic arts, with giants portrayed literally or expressed metaphorically in colossal figures. As the investigation reveals, despite their variations in size, giants and dwarfs were frequently invested with the same symbolism and character traits, assigned magical properties, and viewed in both negative and positive ways.
The Regulation of Access to Personal and Non-Personal Data in the EU : From Bits and Pieces to a System?
Authors: Tombal Thomas , Graef Inge
Published: July 2024

For years, the nature of data has influenced the rhetoric used and the priorities set in EU debates about regulating access to data. Interestingly, the scope of the proposal for a Data Act no longer depends on whether data qualify as personal or not. Against this background, the chapter discusses how different types of data and policy objectives become intertwined and how different regimes regulating access to data can be aligned – despite the current piecemeal regulatory approach. We discuss the relationship between the GDPR’s right to data portability and the Data Act’s IoT data access right as well as how forms of data access beyond the initiative and control of individuals can be brought in line with the GDPR.
Regulating ‘Non-Personal Data’: Developments in India
Authors: Bailey Rishab , Sane Renuka
Published: July 2024

This chapter provides an overview of the proposals to regulate non personal data (NPD) in India as distinct from proposals to regulate personal data under a draft data protection law. It identifies the motivations for regulation and outlines and analyses proposals for a new regulatory framework for non-personal data proposed in 2020. Despite certain positive aspects in the recommendations of the committee, the chapter highlights how the scope of the recommendations may be impractical. The chapter also points to recent developments in proposed personal data legislation which suggest expanding the scope of the draft law to cover both personal and non-personal data. Thus, the future of the regulatory framework applicable to NPD remains uncertain.
Data Protection Without Data : Informationless Chilling Effects and Data Protection Law
Authors: Hallinan Dara
Published: July 2024

Individuals make assumptions about information processing concerning them based on environmental cues. These assumptions may lead to behavioural adaptations which constitute harms to fundamental rights – for example, certain acts of self-censorship. A set of such adaptations, where individuals refrain from engaging in legitimate activities, are called chilling effects. Given, however, that behavioural reactions to cues underlie chilling effects, chilling effects can occur in contexts where the relevant cues are presented but where no information is ever processed: ‘informationless chilling effects’. The aim of this article is to introduce and elaborate the concept of informationless chilling effects and to sketch the argument for looking to EU data protection law to provide protection in relation to these effects.
Identity, Profiles and Pseudonyms in the Digital Environment
Authors: Mourby1 Miranda , Mackey Elaine
Published: July 2024

The boundaries of personal data are determined by the concept of ‘identity’. Personal data, as defined under the GDPR, is information relating to an identified or identifiable natural person. In this chapter, we argue that the informational ‘identity’ of an identified/identifiable person is characterised by the potential for privacy impact. Our informational identity is, in essence, the sum of all the information which can impact our rights. We use profiles and pseudonyms as an illustration of this definition. Profiles permit scrutiny of an individual – and thus ‘identify’ them through the intrinsic privacy impact of this evaluation. Pseudonyms alone do not allow individuals to be evaluated, which is why they are not, in and of themselves, personal data.
Lubitsch Revisits the Schmatta Trade: The Shop Around the Corner
Authors: Horak Jan-Christopher
Published: July 2024

Released in January 1940, when the Jewish-dominated garment trades of Central Europe were already marked for extinction, Lubitsch’s The Shop Around the Corner returns to the milieu of his earliest comedy successes in Berlin in 1915. But this film removes all obvious markers of ethnic Jewishness, in keeping with Hollywood’s goal of reaching the largest possible audience. Nevertheless, the film can be read as a conscious depiction of Jewish Budapest, given the shop’s address, the names of its staff, and that Hungarian Jews were, at that moment, being ostracized through anti-Semitic legislation.
Lubitsch’s May McAvoy Trilogy: Threesomes, Triangles, Allegories
Authors: Musser Charles
Published: July 2024

Lubitsch used triangles as a plot device, but also as the basis for his artistic play with form, especially in his three films featuring May McAvoy. It is most clearly in evidence in Three Women (1924), which makes explicit the principle of threes in its title and plot. This essay explores the principle on a formal level, but expands the idea to suggest that Lubitsch’s play with threes extends beyond the films themselves: beneath his playfulness is a tendentious joke directed at Warner Brother executives who were rapacious womanizers. Considering Lady Windermere’s Fan (1925) against Three Women reveals a series of remarkable continuities and inversions that extend to the film Lubitsch planned to direct, but did not––The Jazz Singer.
Weg met mannelijkheid
Authors: Velberg Joey
Published: July 2024

Mannelijkheid is aan verandering toe. Academisch werk over de maatschappelijke noodzaak hiervan is in toenemende mate aanwezig. Maar hoe zit het met ervaringsverhalen van mannen die zichzelf en hun man-zijn vernieuwen? Welke uitdagingen komen zij tegen? En hoe hebben zij een nieuwe vorm van man- zijn omarmd?

Weg met mannelijkheid vertelt het persoonlijke verhaal van deze transformatie. Joey Velberg neemt je mee naar momenten die bepalend zijn geweest voor zijn ontwikkeling en laat zien hoe thema’s als identiteit, seksualiteit, werk en familie hierbij een rol hebben gespeeld. Ga mee op reis in dit openhartige boek en vind, net als Joey, hoe je als man meer mens kan zijn. Zodat jij je plek kan innemen in de maatschappij van nu.
KONSELING POPULASI KHUSUS;TREATMENT RATIONAL BEHAVIOR TERAPHY PADA SIKAP TEMPRAMEN ANAK TUNALARAS
Authors: Nurodin Nurodin
Published: July 2024

Children are a gift given by God to every family. Children with behavioral, emotional and social disorders need special treatment. Therapy that can reduce temperament in children can use the rational Emotive Behavior Therapy technique, where this technique is a technique that relates emotions, thoughts and behavior. Data collection techniques are through questionnaires, interviews, observation and documentation. Data analysis techniques using a Likert scale with validity tests, reliability tests, and descriptive analysis tests. The results of the research showed that the total pre-test score was 104 from 8 respondents, then after being treated with the rational emotive behavior therapy method, most respondents decreased by 34 points so that the rational emotive behavior therapy method was effective in reducing the temperament of children with special needs in the community of Rancabungur Village, Bogor Regency, because before treatment, the respondent's temperament attitude was very high and after carrying out the treatment, the respondent's temperament attitude decreased. The conclusions are 1) The child's temperament cannot be predicted, 2) The application of rational Emotive Behavior Therapy makes it difficult for the child to concentrate and understand speech, 3) The influence of the application is very large because the mentally retarded need calm. The teacher first provides a contract for Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy techniques and what the child will get. To parents, if they apply these techniques, it must be with a contract agreed upon by the child and parents, and To researchers, to study the effect of applying Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy. .
ANALISIS KEMANDIRIAN BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK SMAN 96 JAKARTA
Authors: Dwi Rahayu Endang , Asni
Published: July 2024

Belajar mandiri merupakan suatu bentuk pembelajaran yang didorong oleh kemampuan, keputusan, dan tanggung jawab peserta didik dalam belajar. Apabila peserta didik dapat menyelesaikan tugas belajarnya dengan kesadaran sendiri dan tanpa bantuan orang lain, maka ia dapat dianggap telah belajar secara mandiri. Kemandirian dalam belajar penting karena untuk mengukur seberapa maksimal pembelajaran yang dapat dicapai, hal ini dilakukan dengan berinisiatif dan melakukan proses pembelajaran di sekolah. oleh karena itu peserta didik kini bertanggung jawab terhadap proses belajar dan mereka berusaha semaksimal mungkin agar proses belajar berhasil guna mencapai apa yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel simple random sampling. Penelitian ini memiliki sampel 154 peserta didik. Kuesioner digunakan untuk pengumpulan data dan menggunakan rumus persentase untuk menganalisis data. Berdasarkan analisis data hasil penelitian   kemandirian belajar, peserta didik termasuk dalam kategori sedang dengan persentase 72%, pada kategori tinggi dengan persentase 21%, dan pada kategori rendah dengan persentase 6%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa peserta didik perlu meningkatkan kemandirian belajarnya dengan dukungan dan bantuan pendidik di sekolah.
Ölrückführung: Verbesserter Hydraulik-Sammler für Mobilkran
Authors:   Denise Gödicke
Published: July 2024

Der Ölbehälter ist das Herzstück jedeshydraulischen Systems. Die am Ölbehälterangebrachten Hydrauliksammler tragenwesentlich zum reibungslosen Betrieb derMaschine bei: Sie sammeln das zurücklaufendeÖl leckagefrei und führen es über denÖlrücklauffilter in den Ölbehälter zurück.Hydrauliksammler sind dabei nicht nurVerbindungselemente, sondern entscheidendfür eine zuverlässige Hydraulik.
Druckdatenlogger zur Wasserstandsmessung: Upcycling von Sensoren ist nachhaltig
Authors:   Janet Kooren
Published: July 2024

Ein niederländischer Wasserverband spendeteabgeschriebene Grundwasser-Datenlogger vonKeller an Verbelco. Das kleine Beratungsbürobeschäftigt sich mit hydrologischenNetzwerken. Im Wald von Leuvenum konntemithilfe dieser Datenlogger ein hydrologischesÜberwachungssystem aufgebaut werden.Das Projekt zeigt: Die Produkte des SchweizerSensorherstellers sind so langlebig, dass sieauch über mehrere Lebenszyklen einwandfreifunktionieren. Zugleich ist es ein Beispiel fürden verantwortungsvollen und nachhaltigenUmgang mit Technik.
Automatisierung und Autonomisierung: Entwurf funktional sicherer Wahrnehmungssysteme für mobile Arbeitsmaschinen
Authors:   Lee Changjoo,   Simon Schätzle,   Stefan Andreas Lang,   Timo Oksanen
Published: July 2024

Im Bereich der Automatisierung und Autonomiemobiler Arbeitsmaschinen ist ein System zursicheren und zuverlässigenUmgebungswahrnehmung nicht nur einetechnologische Entwicklung, sondern einesicherheitsrelevante Notwendigkeit. DieserArtikel beschreibt die grundlegenden Entwurfsund Verifikationsmethoden, die für dieEntwicklung eines funktional sicheren undzuverlässigen Wahrnehmungssystemsunerlässlich sind. Er beleuchtet die normativenStandards, die das Design funktionaler Sicherheitfür automatisierte mobile Maschinen undFahrzeuge vorgeben, und schafft damit dentheoretischen Rahmen, in dem diese Systemeeffektiv arbeiten können.
Re-Building of Sexual Intimacy in the Spouse of a Man Who has Become Motor Disabled
Authors: Dong Thierry , Foumi Ephygénie Yetmo
Published: July 2024

Changes in sexuality and sexual intimacy in the couple of a man who has become motorically disabled can present a major challenge for his able-bodied partner, who does not remain passive in the face of her man’s motor and sexual difficulties. This study analyzes the sexual experience of a woman whose partner became paraplegic following a road accident. Using the single-case method, the study attempts to understand how this spouse subjectively and objectively works to reconstruct the couple’s sexual intimacy after such an event. Semi-directive interviews, structured around the life story, were conducted with this single participant. Transcribed and then analyzed using thematic data analysis, they show that the couple’s sexual intimacy was gradually rebuilt around two main drivers: coitus made possible by a gradually manifested virility, and a benevolent attitude on the part of the partner with sentimental and erotic overtones of complicity, kindness, flirtation, seduction, and respect for the now disabled partner, but imagined as strong, robust, and able-bodied. Attitudes that are an integral part of human relationships, but which tend to disappear when trauma strikes. So much so that his work takes up all the psychic space. This highlights the need to set up support programs for the spouses of disabled people.
KẾT QUẢ PHẪU THUẬT NỘI SOI SAU PHÚC MẠC HỖ TRỢ TẠO HÌNH KHÚC NỐI BỂ THẬN NIỆU QUẢN Ở TRẺ DƯỚI 2 TUỔI
Authors: Nguyễn Việt Hoa , Phạm Quang Hùng , Nguyễn Bích Ngọc , Vũ Hồng Tuân
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Đánh giá kết quả phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc hỗ trợ tạo hình khúc nối bể thận niệu quản (BT-NQ) ở trẻ dưới 2 tuổi. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu hồi cứu 31 bệnh nhân dưới 2 tuổi có chẩn đoán thận ứ nước do hẹp khúc nối BT-NQ và được phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc hỗ trợ tạo hình khúc nối BT-NQ tại khoa Phẫu thuật Nhi và Trẻ sơ sinh – Bệnh viện Hữu nghị Việt Đức trong thời gian từ từ 01/01/2020 đến 30/06/2023. Kết quả: Về tuổi trung bình 7.1 ± 3.8 tháng, có 26 bệnh nhân (83.9%) được chẩn đoán trước sinh. Tất cả các bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc sử dụng 3 trocar thông thường, phẫu tích đưa khúc nối BT-NQ ra ngoài và tạo hình theo phương pháp Anderson-hynes. Thời gian phẫu thuật là 74,8 ± 35.4 phút, chiều dài vết mổ là 2,1 ± 0,2 cm, không có biến chứng trong mổ. Sau mổ có 3 bệnh nhân rò nước tiểu, 01 bệnh nhân nhiễm trùng vết mổ, tất cả các biến chứng này đều được điều trị nội khoa thành công. Theo dõi sau mổ 3 – 6 tháng thấy đường kính trước sau bể thận và bề dày nhu mô thận có sự thay đổi có ý nghĩa thống kê (p<0,05), tỉ lệ kết quả tốt là 80.6%, tỉ lệ tái phát là 6.5%. Kết luận: Phẫu thuật nội soi sau phúc mạc hỗ trợ tạo hình khúc nối BT-NQ ở trẻ dưới 2 tuổi là phẫu thuật an và hiệu quả.
NỒNG ĐỘ PTH VÀ CALCI HUYẾT TƯƠNG Ở BỆNH NHÂN UNG THƯ TUYẾN GIÁP THỂ BIỆT HÓA SAU PHẪU THUẬT TRIỆT CĂN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Nguyễn Mỹ Duyên , Trần Bảo Ngọc , Nguyễn Thị Hoa , Vy Thị Ngọc Ánh , La Hoàng Thiên
Published: July 2024

Mục tiêu: Xác định nồng độ PTH và CalciTP huyết tương ở bệnh nhân ung thư tuyến giáp thể biệt hóa trước và sau phẫu thuật triệt căn tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên giai đoạn 2023-2024. Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Mô tả cắt ngang có theo dõi dọc trên 65 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán Ung thư tuyến giáp thể biệt hóa được phẫu thuật triệt căn tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên từ tháng 4/2023 đến tháng 4/2024. Kết quả: Độ tuổi trung bình của bệnh nhân là 45,5 tuổi, trong đó bệnh nhân nữ chiếm đa số (92,3%). Kết quả mô bệnh học sau phẫu thuật chủ yếu là Ung thư biểu mô tuyến giáp thể nhú, chiếm 95,4%. Hầu hết bệnh nhân được phẫu thuật cắt tuyến giáp toàn bộ (90,8%) và nạo vét hạch cổ trung tâm là (66,2%) với thời gian phẫu thuật trung bình là 93,87 phút. Sự dao động của nồng độ PTH tại các thời điểm trước phẫu thuật, sau phẫu thuật 1 ngày và sau phẫu thuật 1 tháng lần lượt là: 40,43pg/mL, 19,84pg/mL và 36,41pg/mL. Nồng độ calci toàn phần tại các thời điểm trước phẫu thuật, sau phẫu thuật 1 ngày và sau phẫu thuật 1 tháng lần lượt là: 2,31mmol/l, 2,12mmol/l và 2,27mmol/l. Tỷ lệ hạ calci máu cao nhất là ở thời điểm sau phẫu thuật 1 ngày, chiếm 35,4%. Kết luận: Nồng độ PTH và CalciTP huyết tương sau phẫu thuật triệt căn có sự biến thiên và đều thấp hơn thời điểm trước phẫu thuật (p<0,05). Trong đó nồng độ PTH và CalciTP huyết tương giảm mạnh nhất ở thời điểm sau phẫu thuật 1 ngày và phục hồi một phần ở thời điểm 1 tháng.