bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conclusiones y recomendaciones
Authors: Luna de Aliaga Beatriz Eugenia
Published: June 2021

En este apartado, se presentan las conclusiones de la investigación y algunas recomendaciones para el Estado colombiano, el sector empresarial y las empresas. En cuanto a las conclusiones, se exponen aspectos sobre el contexto migratorio, los migrantes, riesgos como el tráfico ilícito de migrantes y la trata de personas, y la trata de personas en Colombia. De igual manera, se concluye, en relación con las obligaciones generales que tienen los Estados en materia de derechos humanos, la obligación específica de prevención, el marco internacional y nacional colombiano, la propuesta de estándares para el caso colombiano. A continuación, se concluye sobre los principios rectores sobre empresas y derechos humanos y el Plan Nacional de Acción sobre Derechos Humanos y Empresas. Finalmente, se presentan recomendaciones puntuales para diversos sectores sobre la prevención de la trata de personas en Colombia.
Physiological response to thermal stress in hair-sheep ewes during subtropical summer
Authors: Gómez-Guzmán Javier Alejandro , Vázquez-Armijo José Fernando , Hernández-Meléndez Javier , Lara-Rivera Ana Laura , Parra-Bracamonte Gaspar Manuel
Published: June 2021

With the aim to assess the effect of short-term thermal stress on physiological traits of ewes an experiment was designed. Fourteen hair sheep ewes were selected during early reproductive management and randomly segregated in two groups. Control group (CG) with indoor conditions, and an experimental group (EG) under continuous outdoor conditions without shadow accessing during 14 days (d). Respiratory frequency (RF), rectal temperature (RT) and infrared image temperatures were estimated. Traits were measured for 8 d twice a d (9:00 am and 15:00 pm). Environmental temperature and humidity were monitored, and temperature and humidity index was estimated. All physiological and environmental traits showed significantly variation by group and time of measurement (P < 0.001). RT and RF were significantly higher for EG and during pm measurements. Environmental conditions indicated thermal stress conditions for outdoor EG during the afternoon was related ultimately with respiratory mechanism as the main indicator of continuous thermal stress. Head infrared image temperature was a good predictor of body temperature.
REDD+, payment for ecosystem services, and integrated water resources management in Nepal: Synergies, opportunities, and challenges
Authors: Arboleda Rommel , Bhattarai Nabin , Windhorst Kai , Karky Bhaskar Singh
Published: June 2021

This study analyses the historical evolution and status of three natural resource management frameworks – REDD+, payment for ecosystem services (PES), and integrated water resources management (IWRM) – in Nepal. This analysis of the documented development of REDD+ and PES practices related to IWRM seeks to improve understanding of Nepal’s specific country context, as well as the opportunities, challenges, and barriers towards strengthening linkages and improving synergies between these natural resource management frameworks.
Flow wave forms during weaning can be important
Authors: Shokry Mia , Yamasaki Kimiyo
Published: June 2021

Yellow curve: Pressure (cmH2O) on X-axis and Time (seconds) on Y-axis Pink curve: Flow (L/sec) on X-axis and Time (seconds) on Y-axis Green curve: Tidal volume (ml) on X-axis and Time (seconds) on Y-axis Two patients with respiratory failure secondary to COPD exacerbations are undergoing a spontaneous breathing trial with Pressure support ventilation 5 cmH2O and PEEP of 5 cmH2O with 25% expiratory cycle. Who is more likely to be liberated safely, who might pass, and who might fail ?
Accurate measurement of ventilator length of stay and ventilator days for use in assessing patient safety and ventilator associated events.
Authors: Yamasaki Kimiyo , Mullen Joshua , Wheatley Denise , Sanderson Ron
Published: June 2021

Objective: Accurate measurements of ventilator length of stay are important for quality measures and mandated by Centers of Disease Control for reporting ventilator associated events. However, it is unknown which method of such a calculation gives the more accurate results. Design: We collected data using three different methods of calculating ventilator length of stay in a community hospital ICU. The first method is the walk-through method for collection of data at 6 am, the second is a data base collection system we created where data was collected by respiratory therapists in a daily ventilator patient log then entered into the database, and finally from query of medical charges for ventilator days from financial department Results: There was statistically significant disagreement between the three methods. The walk though method and data base were not statistically different, but the data from financial charges overestimated the ventilator length of stay. Additionally, there was not statistically significant differences between the time of the walk-through data collection. Conclusion: Ventilator days and hours should be measured by a precise database rather than indirect methods of estimation like walk-through or financial charges. Patient exposure to risk, and reporting of ventilator time, whether days or hours should be measured directly, not estimated. A larger study needs to be performed to examine this variation in a broader medical setting. Keywords: ventilator length of stay, ventilator associated events, ventilator associated pneumonia
Remotely controlled ventilators, it is time
Authors: Daoud Ehab
Published: June 2021

In this issue we read with interest the article by Cabbat and Cho explaining the benefits of implementing wireless technology to control mechanical ventilators. In full agreement with them, especially in this unprecedented time where we are confronted in the ICU with a highly infectious virus, I think the time has come for us to be able to control the ventilator remotely, at least from the outside of the patient room. In this era of COVID-19 underscored by a shortage of clinicians and PPEs, this remotely controlled ventilator makes so much sense for all the reasons they highlighted. Additionally, in our current era of technological advances, almost any devices we use in our daily life has the option of being remotely controlled. Imagine purchasing a television and having to manually change and pick among channels much like we did 40 years ago.
Ambiente de aprendizaje para la enseñanza de las matemáticas ante el COVID-19
Authors: Flores López William Oswaldo
Published: June 2021

Esta investigación ha identificado la percepción del profesorado sobre ambientes de aprendizajes para la enseñanza de las matemáticas ante el COVID-19. Se trata una investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo de naturaleza descriptiva, los datos obtenidos son el resultado de haber suministrado un cuestionario online a 83 profesores de Educación Secundaria de Nicaragua. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de los datos y los resultados muestran que, la percepción del profesorado genera un valor positivo en aspectos: tecnológicos, cognitivos, aprendizaje y enseñanza, diversidad en la población, contenido disciplinar, campo del conocimiento y diversidad como orientación. Se concluye, que el diseño de ambientes de aprendizajes donde confluye la interculturalidad y la tecnología mejoraría la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas para poblaciones en contexto de diversidad.
Plagas asociadas a los cítricos en Chinandega, Nicaragua, 2018
Authors: Jiménez Martínez Edgardo , Méndez López Elber
Published: June 2021

Los cítricos (Citrus spp. L.)  representan en Nicaragua una fuente de divisa y generación de empleo porque, no existe un reporte formal sobre la ocurrencia poblacional de insectos asociados a los cítricos. El presente estudio tuvo el propósito de determinar la fluctuación poblacional de insectos plagas y benéficos en cítricos. El estudio se realizó en los municipios de Chinandega y Chichigalpa, departamento de Chinandega, en el período de abril a septiembre del 2014, el levantamiento de datos fue en seis fincas, en cada finca se ubicaron seis trampas, tres trampas de caída libre (Pitfall traps) para la captura de insectos rastreros, y tres trampas de galón con melaza para la captura de insectos voladores, los insectos colectados se enviaron al laboratorio de entomología de la UNA para su identificación hasta el nivel de especie, se evaluó el número de insectos por familia y a los datos se le realizó un análisis de varianza, la diversidad y abundancia se estimó utilizando el índice de diversidad Shannon-Weaver, para las diferentes familias de la población. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que las principales familias de insectos asociados al cultivo de cítricos son, Formicidae, Syrphidae, Vespidae, Tachinidae, Carabidae, Apidae, Tenebrionidae, Chrysopidae, Sarcophagidae y de los arácnidos se encontró a la familia Araneidae, se concluye que La mayor riqueza de insectos asociados a los cítricos fue encontrada en la finca Farid seguida de las fincas Mariaelsa y Pañueleta, esto es debido a baja aplicación de pesticida, presencia de abundante vegetación silvestre y cercanía con otras especies de cultivadas en la zona .
Kroniek rechtspraak mededingingsrecht
Authors: Belhadj E. , Dekker C.T.
Published: June 2021

Kroniek rechtspraak mededingingsrecht

In deze kroniek staan besluiten en andere handelingen van de Autoriteit Consument & Markt (ACM) voor wat betreft de toepassing van de Mededingingswet (Mw) in de zorgsector centraal. Daarnaast komt een uitspraak van het College van Beroep voor het bedrijfsleven (CBb) aan bod. Deze kroniek heeft betrekking op de periode 1 november 2018 tot en met 31 december 2020.
Tradición vasca y feminismo en «La dama de Amboto», de Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda
Authors: Urralburu Marcelo , Guerrero Almagro Berta
Published: June 2021

En el siguiente trabajo realizamos un análisis literario de la leyenda vasca «La dama de Amboto», de la cubana Gertrudis Gómez de Avellaneda, escrito durante los veranos de 1858 y 1859 en su visita a esta región española. De esta manera, atendemos a aspectos históricos y literarios para comprender el pensamiento feminista que se trasluce en la obra, por ejemplo, en su diálogo con las fervorosas lecturas que de Jean-Jacques Rousseau haría la autora a lo largo de su trayectoria literaria, y la presencia de numerosos mitos folclóricos vascos y clásicos que perviven en este texto. Desde nuestro punto de vista, el texto presentaría una imbricada construcción de lo fantástico como vehículo de su discurso feminista que encontraría su complemento perfecto en la tradición matriarcal de la Mari, diosa que habitaría en las montañas según la mitología vasca.
Carolyn Wolfenzon, Nuevos fantasmas recorren México. Lo espectral en la literatura mexicana del siglo XXI, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Madrid, 2020. ISBN 9-788491-921646.
Authors: Pascua Canelo Marta
Published: June 2021

Carolyn Wolfenzon, Nuevos fantasmas recorren México. Lo espectral en la literatura mexicana del siglo XXI, Iberoamericana-Vervuert, Madrid, 2020. ISBN 9-788491-921646.
Aplicação e comparação de métodos de apoio à decisão multicritério: AHP, TODIM e PROMETHEE II
Authors: Neves Glauber Roger , Galhardi Antonio César , Lucato Wagner Cezar
Published: June 2021

Uma das críticas a respeito dos métodos multicritérios é que diferentes técnicas podem produzir resultados discordantes quando aplicadas ao mesmo problema. Neste contexto, o objetivo desta pesquisa é comparar os métodos de apoio à tomada de decisão multicritério AHP, TODIM e PROMETHEE II. Para alcançar este propósito, os métodos foram aplicados a um processo de seleção de software mediante sete fornecedores qualificados. Além de verificar e comparar a consistência dos resultados, utilizando-se de grupos contendo 3, 7 e 11 critérios, este estudo também apresenta uma percepção da aplicabilidade, complexidade, e laborosidade requerida do usuário quanto à utilização dos métodos. Embora os três métodos se baseiem em diferentes paradigmas, a metodologia de aplicação utilizada possibilitou o apontamento de características individuais e de pontos positivos e negativos de um método sobre o outro. Com respeito à consistência dos resultados, constatou-se a ocorrência de algumas inversões na ordem de classificação dos fornecedores.
A Distributed Exergame for Telerehabilitation: An Engaging Alternative to Improve Patients’ Quality of Life
Authors: Souza Carlos Henrique Rorato , Oliveira Daniel Machado de , Berreta Luciana De Oliveira , Carvalho Sérgio Teixeira de
Published: June 2021

There are many factors that have a direct impact on the effectiveness of rehabilitation sessions. Among the main ones are: the availability of treatment, the active participation of the physiotherapist and the patient’s motivation and engagement in performing the exercises. In this sense, this project presents the construction of a distributed exergame that, using equipment and sensors coupled to the cycle ergometer (device used in the activity), aims to allow telerehabilitation sessions, where the patient and physiotherapist are in their respective houses, and perform these activities in a less boring and more engaging way, increasing the patient’s quality of life.
Alternate routes for the transfer of emergency health information
Authors: McGruer Noramay
Published: June 2021

Social media have created new ways for non-professionals to access, share, and even create health related information. While these new resources have been noted to destabilize the authority held by medical professionals, they also highlight the potential utility in the medical field of non-professinoal peer collaboration and support. In light of this evolution, the roles of health information professionals have expanded to assisting users in evaluating information from an ever-increasing variety of sources, as well as providing information themselves. The conclusion calls for further research into the opportunities afforded by peer-generated and -communicated contributions to health information.
Chasing Aces: Asexuality, Misinformation and the Challenges of Identity
Authors: Colborne Adrienne
Published: June 2021

Asexuality is a deeply misunderstood and little-known sexual orientation. This is partly due to misconceptions and marginalization of asexual people, and partly by a lack of information about the orientation. This paper outlines the misconceptions of the ‘causes’ of asexuality, namely Hypoactive Sexual Desire Disorder (HSDD), abuse, and religious abstinence. These causes are shown to be invalid due to the key element of self-identification in determining an orientation.; nevertheless, they persist in society because little is known about the nature of asexuality. The facets of the asexual orientation are then discussed: levels of sexual attraction, sexual desire, and romantic orientation, displaying the complex attempt to define asexuality, made even more difficult by a lack of sources concerning these facets.. Finally, the tension between the LGBTQ+ community and asexuals is discussed in terms of the debate about including asexuals in this community, with the groups often speaking at cross-purposes. It becomes clear that being asexual requires a complex navigation of territory, and this problem is exacerbated at every step by a lack of information. It is therefore crucial that this informational gap is addressed at each of these three critical areas in order to build a more complete societal grasp of asexuality, and to create a vibrant, open community for those who identify as asexual.
Using Tweets as a Measure of Sponsor Engagement: Halifax Pride 2018
Authors: Slipp Nicole
Published: June 2021

The following paper considers what researchers can learn from Twitter alone about selected individuals or small groups of users and their sentiments on particular topics. More specifically, it attempts to evaluate the usability of data from Twitter as a measure of sponsor engagement in public events. Given that corporate and government sponsorship of Pride festivals is a pressing ethical concern for LGTBQ communities, this study takes the 2018 Halifax Pride Festival as its case study and performs both quantitative and qualitative analysis of the tweets of sponsors. Analyzing the Twitter data of sponsors of this event reveals some patterns of engagement and identifies the most engaged and informed sponsors.
No Filter: Social Media in Public-sector Hiring
Authors: Quigg Siobhan
Published: June 2021

This essay analyzes how SM is used in hiring processes through a review of research in the private sector and the relevant policy in the public sector. This analysis presents three key findings: 1) there is a lack of policy related to SM screening in the public sector, 2) there is a lack of research on the use of SM in public sector hiring processes, and 3) there are potential areas of conflict between public sector values and the use of SM in hiring processes. Based on these findings, this essay advocates for further research and the development of a federal SM screening policy.
“Moral Bonfires”: An Exploration of Book Burning in American Society
Authors: Olsen Lisa
Published: June 2021

This article seeks to offer an introduction to book burning in American society. Firstly, it considers the use of fire as a method of destruction and its relation to freedom of speech and the American judicial system. It then seeks to unearth the reasons for book burning through an examination of a number of instances throughout American history. The phenomenon of book burning has been occurring worldwide for thousands of years, and as a longstanding tradition that has always drawn visceral reactions from spectators, it is still happening with alarming frequency. In America, book burning walks the fine line between censorship and free speech. It remains, however, an attack on knowledge and culture and is consequently a threat to the information management field. This paper, therefore, seeks to explore these occurrences from recent American history and discover why Americans have been, and are still burning books, in an attempt to better understand these attacks.
To Twist, or Not to Twist? – A Scientific Attempt to Understand What We Think We Already Know About Sail Trim
Authors: Lasher William C. , Ranzenbach Robert
Published: June 2021

The impact of mainsail sheet tension and traveler position on performance has been investigated, particularly under conditions when it is necessary to reduce power. Photographs of the mainsail on a Beneteau First 36.7 under various trim conditions were taken and analyzed to determine sail shape. The resulting shapes were used to create a CFD model, and the aerodynamics forces on the sail plan were determined. The results strongly suggest that for this boat it is more efficient to reduce power by keeping the main sheeted hard and lowering the traveler than by keeping the traveler up and easing the sheet, although a small amount of sheet easing is beneficial. The lift distributions for all sail trim combinations investigated are underloaded near the masthead relative to an elliptic distribution, which means that any additional twist in the main increases the induced drag. The difference in performance is almost entirely attributable to differences in the induced drag.
Least Squares Estimation of Sailing Yacht Dynamics from Full-Scale Sailing Data
Authors: Legursky Katrina
Published: June 2021

Linear dynamic models are extremely useful in autonomous vehicle controller development because they are straightforward to estimate from real data and they enable advanced control system design. To date an in depth investigation of the possibility of using a linear dynamic system model to represent sailing yacht dynamics has not been made. A non-linear simulation of a 10m racer/cruiser racer and full-scale data collected aboard a 23 ft day-sailer are used in conjunction with the one-shot least squares estimation algorithm to evaluate this possibility. Using the non-linear simulation data it is found that it is possible to use a linear model to represent sailing yacht. Full-scale data collected while sailing upwind on a port tack is used to estimate 10 different linear models.
An Experimental Validation Case For Fluid-Structure-Interaction Simulations Of Downwind Sails
Authors: Renzsch Hannes , Graf Kai
Published: June 2021

In this paper the results of wind tunnel tests on two different asymmetric spinnakers are presented. During these tests forces and flying shapes at different apparent wind angles and trims were recorded by 6DoF balance and photogrammetry. As these tests are intended as a validation benchmark for FSI simulations on downwind sails, the sail moulds, incident flow data as well as measured forces and flying shapes will be made publically available.
NIST time and frequency bulletin :
Authors: Rodriguez Kelsey
Published: June 2021

The Time and Frequency Bulletin provides information on performance of time scales and a variety of broadcasts (and related information) to users of the NIST services.
ТРЕНДОВИ ДИГИТАЛНЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЈЕ У ПЛАТНИМ СИСТЕМИМА
Authors: Солдић Алексић Јасна , Јаковљевић Александра
Published: June 2021

У фокусу истраживања представљених у овом раду су трендови дигиталне трансформације у платним системима од којих се очекује да у блиској будућности покрену динамику платног екосистема. Анализирани су тренутни трендови у индустрији плаћања и идентификовани они најважнији. За потребе анализе коришшћени су најновији подаци релевантних домаћих и међународних институција. У раду су апострофирани изазови са којима се, пред новим таласом технолошких иновација и дигитализацијом, суочавају платни системи. Тренутни трендови у платним и финансијским системима усмерени су на проширене опције плаћања, снажнији фокус на инфраструктуру података и њихову безбедност, као и на усвајање технологија машинског учења и вештачке интелигенције. У раду је истакнуто да банке и регулаторна тела подстичу миграцију плаћања у дигиталну сферу, што може довести до смањења трошкова трансакција за банке и последично до смањења оперативних трошкова. Резултати истраживања показују да промене које су условљене развојем информационо-комуникационих технологија, као и дигиталном трансформацијом пословања, намећу потребу да се и платни системи прилагоде „дигиталном времену“.
THE CHALLENGES OF THE NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY AT THE THRESHOLD OF THE FOURTH INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
Authors: Živković Aleksandar
Published: June 2021

The process of industrialization has gone through three stages that have been described as Industrial Revolution. We are currently at the threshold of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that will fundamentally change the way we live and work. We still do not know how this will unfold exactly, but one thing is clear: the answer to it must be integrated and comprehensive, including all stakeholders in global politics, from the public and private sectors to the academic community and civil society. The speed of current technological discoveries compared to previous industrial revolutions cannot be measured. The breadth and depth of these changes affect the transformation of the overall production and management systems. This paper aims to present the main characteristics of Industry 4.0 and describe how they affect the creation of new industrial policies in countries around the world.
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES BASED ON INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
Authors: Ristovska Andrijana , Bardarova Snezana
Published: June 2021

New organizational structures which are based on informatics, are new organizational models that use technology to dynamically connect people, resources and ideas. That is, the core of the enterprise network, which creates the opportunities and risks of products and services, and such a commitment to a virtual organization has no boundaries. For the success of the concept it is necessary: mutual trust, high technology, as well as the pursuit of excellent performance and perfect satisfaction of customers' needs. Today, companies can not afford to work for themselves, and in this way they get the opportunity to orient themselves to their basic strategy, ie. its realization and its combination with the basic strategies of other companies. A system that should support state structures in the Republic of North Macedonia, especially in the legal regulation of the conclusion of agreements and monitoring the implementation of the agreement in a virtual organization, which is its most important part. With the efficiency and speed of the Macedonian judiciary, one should be cautious in implementing the organization.
Occurrence of foamy macrophages during the innate response of zebrafish to trypanosome infections
Authors: Jacobs Sem H , Dóró Eva , Hammond Ffion R , Nguyen-Chi Mai E , Lutfalla Georges , Wiegertjes Geert F , Forlenza Maria
Published: June 2021

A tightly regulated innate immune response to trypanosome infections is critical to strike a balance between parasite control and inflammation-associated pathology. In this study, we make use of the recently establishedTrypanosoma carassiiinfection model in larval zebrafish to study the early response of macrophages and neutrophils to trypanosome infections in vivo. We consistently identified high- and low-infected individuals and were able to simultaneously characterise their differential innate response. Not only did macrophage and neutrophil number and distribution differ between the two groups, but also macrophage morphology and activation state. Exclusive to high-infected zebrafish, was the occurrence of foamy macrophages characterised by a strong pro-inflammatory profile and potentially associated with an exacerbated immune response as well as susceptibility to the infection. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of foamy macrophages during an extracellular trypanosome infection.
Scaling of subcellular actin structures with cell length through decelerated growth
Authors: McInally Shane G , Kondev Jane , Goode Bruce L
Published: June 2021

How cells tune the size of their subcellular parts to scale with cell size is a fundamental question in cell biology. Until now, most studies on the size control of organelles and other subcellular structures have focused on scaling relationships with cell volume, which can be explained by limiting pool mechanisms. Here, we uncover a distinct scaling relationship with cell length rather than volume, revealed by mathematical modeling and quantitative imaging of yeast actin cables. The extension rate of cables decelerates as they approach the rear of the cell, until cable length matches cell length. Further, the deceleration rate scales with cell length. These observations are quantitatively explained by a ‘balance-point’ model, which stands in contrast to limiting pool mechanisms, and describes a distinct mode of self-assembly that senses the linear dimensions of the cell.
Effectiveness of Retro Walking and Forward Walking Treadmill Training on Abdominal Adiposity in Untrained Young Adults- AQuasi-experimental Study
Authors: Soman Ajith , Kallidukkil Muhammad Najeeb , Scaria Bibin , Alkhathami Khalid
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Retro walking or backward walking is an exercise mode which incurs an increased metabolic cost and results in a greater cardiopulmonary demand when compared to forward walking, while placing a lower stress on the joints of the lower limb. Abdominal adiposity, a part of metabolic syndrome, is an early risk-factor for morbidity and mortality in adulthood. Aim: The study aims to compare the effect of retro walking treadmill training and that of forward walking treadmill training, as potential modifiers of general obesity and abdominal obesity in untrained young adults. Materials and Methods: In this quasi experimental study, 111 untrained young men/young males aged 18-25 who were students of a medical university in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia were recruited and allocated randomly into two groups. One group underwent retro walking treadmill training five times a week for six weeks, and the other group underwent forward walking treadmill training for the same period. Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Waist- Height Ratio (WHtR) and Body Mass Index (BMI) were measured before and after the six-week intervention and subjected to statistical analysis. Results: There was a significant reduction in WHR and WHtR in the participants of the retro walking program when compared to participants of forward walking program. The decrease in BMI was not statistically significant. Conclusion: A retro walking training program is more effective in reducing BMI, WHR and WHtR in untrained young adults as compared to a forward walking program.
Effect of Surface Characteristics of Different Implant Abutment Materials on the Microbial Adhesion- An Invitro Study
Authors: Munot Vimal , Nayakar Ramesh P , Patil Raghunath
Published: June 2021

Introduction: In two-stage implants, micro-gap between the fixture and the abutment and the superstructure are the potential areas to cause peri-implantitis. The surface roughness and surface energy of the implant abutment materials play an important role in the microbial colonisation on their surface and can help the clinician to choose a better implant abutment material in terms of microbial affinity. Aim: To evaluate the effect of surface characteristics of different implant abutment materials on microbial adhesion. Materials and Methods: The comprehensive analytical experimental study was conducted at KAHER KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belagavi between Jan 2017- Dec 2017. Forty-five (n=45) identical disc shaped specimens were fabricated using; Zirconia (Group A), Titanium alloy (Group B) and Surgical Grade Stainless Steel (Group C). The surface roughness was assessed for all test groups by Profilometer and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The Surface energy was evaluated for all the test group specimens using Goniometer. Microbial adhesion and assessment were performed using sonicating and vortexing method for all the three groups using three different bacterial strains. The Colony Forming Units for all the specimens were tabulated and subjected to statistical analysis to draw the conclusions from the resultant data.The resultant data was analysed using SPSS software (Version 20). In order to collectively compare the means of the study groups pair-wise comparison of the test group was done using paired t-test with (p<0.05), and correlation between the surface parameters and CFU counts was done using Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: On pair-wise comparison of three Groups (A, B, and C) with respect to surface roughness, there were statistically significant differences in surface roughness Ra values between all the groups p<0.001. On pair-wise comparison of all the three Groups with respect to surface energy, there were statistically significant differences in Wetting Angle (WA) values between all the groups (p<0.001**) except between group B and A (p=0.15). Zirconia showed the least CFU counts for Pi and Aa though the differences were not statistically significant. Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient between surface roughness and surface energy with CFU counts showed a strongly positive correlation for all microbial species and were statistically significant p<0.001**. Conclusion: There was a strongly positive correlation of surface roughness and surface energy to CFU counts. Zirconia showed a low colonisation potential against P.intermedia and A.actinomycetemcomitans than titanium alloy and surgical grade stainless steel.
Click Reactions in Polymer Synthesis
Authors: Huang Die , Qin Anjun , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: June 2021

Click reactions, with remarkable merits including high efficiency, atom economy, mild reaction conditions, good functionality tolerance, simple isolation process, and regio‐ and/or stereoselectivity, have drawn intense attention of polymer chemists and found widespread applications in polymer synthesis. Besides the famous Cu(I)‐catalyzed azide–alkyne click reaction, plentiful click reactions, such as Diels–Alder, thiol‐based, nonaldol carbonyl, amino‐yne, hydroxyl–yne, and sulfur(VI) fluoride‐exchange click reactions, have also been introduced into the field of polymer chemistry. With these efficient click reactions in hand, diverse functional groups can be readily incorporated into polymer chains to endow them with desired functionalities. Copolymers with complex structures, such as block, graft, star, and cyclic polymers, can be synthesized using click reaction as polymer conjugation method. These click reactions have also been developed into facile polymerization techniques, that is, click polymerization, for the direct synthesis of linear, hyperbranched, and cross‐linked polymers with various properties. This article intends to give a brief summary of click reactions applied in polymer synthesis, including preparation of polymers and postpolymerization modification of preformed polymers.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride: A Promising Polymer with Widespread Applications
Authors: Asadzadeh‐Khaneghah Soheila , Habibi‐Yangjeh Aziz
Published: June 2021

Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C
3
N
4
), as an amazing two‐dimensional polymer, displayed vast interdisciplinary consideration as a metal‐free, robust, and visible‐light‐active material with diverse applications, and it has introduced a novel research hotspot. This appealing polymer endows an excellent perspective in various sciences, thanks to its moderate energy gap, significant optical and electronic features, and supreme physicochemical and thermal durability. Moreover, g‐C
3
N
4
can be easily fabricated by attainable nitrogen and carbon sources in nitrogen‐rich environments. These features have led to the usage of this polymer in hydrogen production, contaminant degradation, carbon dioxide reduction, N
2
fixation, supercapacitors, lithium‐ion batteries, fuel cells, and sensing. This article gives a general review about the preparation routes of g‐C
3
N
4
polymer and the optical absorption characteristics and highlights their applications in different arena.
High Dielectric Constant (Highk) Polymer Composites
Authors: Chen Jie , Jiang Pingkai , Huang Xingyi
Published: June 2021

High dielectric constant (highk) polymer composites are promising materials used in transistors, pulsed power systems, artificial muscles, energy harvesting and storage, and electrocaloric cooling applications. Based on the type of filler used, they can generally be classified as nonconductive filler (ceramic) based, conductive filler based, and a hybrid type containing both nonconductive and conductive fillers. In this article, the physical models and development of highkpolymer composites are briefly illustrated. Particularly, the main factors that affect the dielectric properties of polymer composites, including filler size, shape, dispersion state, orientation, surface properties, and three‐dimensional structure, are discussed. Finally, we briefly conclude with the state of the current research on highkpolymer composites and present our perspectives on future challenges in the development of new highkpolymer composites.
MagC is a NplC/P60‐like member of the α‐2‐macroglobulin Mag complex of Pseudomonas aeruginosa that interacts with peptidoglycan
Authors: Zouhir Samira , Contreras‐Martel Carlos , Maragno Trindade Daniel , Attrée Ina , Dessen Andréa , Macheboeuf Pauline
Published: June 2021

Bacterial α‐2 macroglobulins (A2Ms) structurally resemble the large spectrum protease inhibitors of the eukaryotic immune system. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, MagD acts as an A2M and is expressed within a six‐gene operon encoding the MagA‐F proteins. In this work, we employ isothermal calorimetry (ITC), analytical ultracentrifugation (AUC), and X‐ray crystallography to investigate the function of MagC and show that MagC associates with the macroglobulin complex and with the peptidoglycan (PG). However, the catalytic residues of MagC display an inactive conformation that could suggest that it binds to PG but does not degrade it. We hypothesize that MagC could serve as an anchor between the MagD macroglobulin and the PG and could provide stabilization and/or regulation for the entire complex.
Set2‐mediated H3K36 methylation states redundantly repress the production of antisense transcripts: role in transcription regulation
Authors: Mei Yu‐Chao , Feng Jiangpeng , He Fei , Li Yu‐Min , Liu Yafei , Li Feng , Chen Yu , Du Hai‐Ning
Published: June 2021

Methyltransferase Set2‐mediated methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 (H3K36), which involves the addition of up to three methyl groups at this site, has been demonstrated to function in many chromatin‐coupled events. The methylation of H3K36 is known to recruit different chromatin effector proteins, affecting transcription, mRNA splicing and DNA repair. In this study, we engineered two yeast set2 mutants that lack H3K36 mono/dimethylation (H3K36me1/2) and trimethylation (H3K36me3), respectively, and characterized their roles in the production of antisense transcripts under nutrient‐rich conditions. Using our new bioinformatics identification pipeline analysis, we are able to identify a larger number of antisense transcripts in set2∆ cells than has been published previously. We further show that H3K36me1/2 or H3K36me3 redundantly repressed the production of antisense transcripts. Moreover, gene ontology (GO) analysis implies that H3K36me3‐mediated antisense transcription might play a role in DNA replication and DNA damage repair, which is independent of regulation of the corresponding sense gene expression. Overall, our results validate a coregulatory mechanism of different H3K36 methylation states, particularly in the repression of antisense transcription.
Pectic Galactan Polysaccharide‐Based Gene Delivery System for Targeting Neuroinflammation
Authors: Buaron Nitsa , Mangraviti Antonella , Volpin Francesco , Liu Ann , Pedone Mariangela , Sankey Eric , Aranovich Dina , Adar Itay , Rodriguez Fausto J. , Nyska Abraham , Goldbart Riki , Traitel Tamar , Brem Henry , Tyler Betty , Kost Joseph
Published: June 2021

Treating neuroinflammation‐related injuries and disorders through manipulation of neuroinflammation functions is being heralded as a new therapeutic strategy. In this study, a novel pectic galactan (PG) polysaccharide based gene therapy approach is developed for targeting reactive gliosis in neuroinflammation. Galectin‐3 (Gal‐3) is a cell protein with a high affinity to β‐galactoside sugars and is highly expressed in reactive gliosis. Since PG carries galactans, it can target reactive gliosis via specific carbohydrate interaction between galactan and Gal‐3 on the cell membrane, and therefore can be utilized as a carrier for delivering genes to these cells. The carrier is synthesized by modifying quaternary ammonium groups on the PG. The resulting quaternized PG (QPG) is found to form complexes with plasmid DNA with a mean diameter of 100 nm and have the characteristics required for targeted gene therapy. The complexes efficiently condense large amounts of plasmid per particle and successfully bind to Gal‐3. The in vivo study shows that the complexes are biocompatible and safe for administration and can selectively transfect reactive glial cells of an induced cortical lesion. The results confirm that this PG‐based delivery system is a promising platform for targeting Gal‐3 overexpressing neuroinflammation cells for treating neuroinflammation‐related injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
Copolymer‐Templated Nickel Oxide for High‐Efficiency Mesoscopic Perovskite Solar Cells in Inverted Architecture
Authors: Sadegh Faranak , Akin Seckin , Moghadam Majid , Keshavarzi Reza , Mirkhani Valiollah , Ruiz‐Preciado Marco A. , Akman Erdi , Zhang Hong , Amini Mina , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Graetzel Michael , Hagfeldt Anders , Tress Wolfgang
Published: June 2021

Despite the outstanding role of mesoscopic structures on the efficiency and stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) in the regular (n–i–p) architecture, mesoscopic PSCs in inverted (p–i–n) architecture have rarely been reported. Herein, an efficient and stable mesoscopic NiOx (mp‐NiOx) scaffold formed via a simple and low‐cost triblock copolymer template‐assisted strategy is employed, and this mp‐NiOx film is utilized as a hole transport layer (HTL) in PSCs, for the first time. Promisingly, this approach allows the fabrication of homogenous, crack‐free, and robust 150 nm thick mp‐NiOx HTLs through a facile chemical approach. Such a high‐quality templated mp‐NiOx structure promotes the growth of the perovskite film yielding better surface coverage and enlarged grains. These desired structural and morphological features effectively translate into improved charge extraction, accelerated charge transportation, and suppressed trap‐assisted recombination. Ultimately, a considerable efficiency of 20.2% is achieved with negligible hysteresis which is among the highest efficiencies for mp‐NiOx based inverted PSCs so far. Moreover, mesoscopic devices indicate higher long‐term stability under ambient conditions compared to planar devices. Overall, these results may set new benchmarks in terms of performance for mesoscopic inverted PSCs employing templated mp‐NiOx films as highly efficient, stable, and easy fabricated HTLs.
Activation of Self‐Trapped Emission in Stable Bismuth‐Halide Perovskite by Suppressing Strong Exciton–Phonon Coupling
Authors: Zhou Lei , Liao Jin‐Feng , Qin Youcheng , Wang Xu‐Dong , Wei Jun‐Hua , Li Ming , Kuang Dai‐Bin , He Rongxing
Published: June 2021

All‐inorganic bismuth‐halide perovskites are promising alternatives for lead halide perovskites due to their admirable chemical stability and optoelectronic properties; however, these materials deliver inferior photoluminescence (PL) properties, severely hindering their prospects in lighting applications. Here, a novel air‐stable but non‐emissive perovskite Rb3BiCl6 is synthesized, and the material is used as a prototype to uncover origin of the poor optical performance in bismuth‐halide perovskite. It is found that the extremely strong exciton–phonon interactions with a large coupling constant up to 693 meV leads to the seriously nonradiative recombination, which, however, can be effectively suppressed to 347 meV by introducing Sb3+ ions. As a result, Sb3+‐doped Rb3BiCl6 exhibits a stable yellow emission with unprecedented PL quantum yield up to 33.6% from self‐trapped excitons. Systematic spectroscopic characterizations and theoretical calculations are carried out to unveil the intriguing photophysical mechanisms. This work reveals the effect of exciton–phonon interaction, that is often underemphasized, on a material's photophysical properties.
Nanoscale Film Thickness Gradients Printed in Open Air by Spatially Varying Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Alshehri Abdullah H. , Loke Jhi Yong , Nguyen Viet Huong , Jones Alexander , Asgarimoghaddam Hatameh , Delumeau Louis‐Vincent , Shahin Ahmed , Ibrahim Khaled H. , Mistry Kissan , Yavuz Mustafa , Muñoz‐Rojas David , Musselman Kevin P.
Published: June 2021

Nanoscale films are integral to all modern electronics. To optimize device performance, researchers vary the film thickness by making batches of devices, which is time‐consuming and produces experimental artifacts. Thin films with nanoscale thickness gradients that are rapidly deposited in open air for combinatorial and high‐throughput (CHT) studies are presented. Atmospheric pressure spatial atomic layer deposition reactor heads are used to produce spatially varying chemical vapor deposition rates on the order of angstroms per second. ZnO and Al2O3 films are printed with nm‐scale thickness gradients in as little as 45 s and CHT analysis of a metal‐insulator‐metal diode and perovskite solar cell is performed. By testing 360 Pt/Al2O3/Al diodes with 18 different Al2O3 thicknesses on one wafer, a thicker insulator layer (≈7.0 nm) is identified for optimal diode performance than reported previously. Al2O3 thin film encapsulation is deposited by atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (AP‐CVD) on a perovskite solar cell stack for the first time and a convolutional neural network is developed to analyze the perovskite stability. The rapid nature of AP‐CVD enables thicker films to be deposited at a higher temperature than is practical with conventional methods. The CHT analysis shows enhanced stability for 70 nm encapsulation films.
Producing Silicon Carbide Micro and Nanostructures by Plasma‐Free Metal‐Assisted Chemical Etching
Authors: Michaels Julian A. , Janavicius Lukas , Wu Xihang , Chan Clarence , Huang Hsieh‐Chih , Namiki Shunya , Kim Munho , Sievers Dane , Li Xiuling
Published: June 2021

Silicon carbide (SiC) is a wide bandgap third‐generation semiconductor well suited for harsh environment power electronics, micro and nano electromechanical systems, and emerging quantum technology by serving as hosts for quantum states via defect centers. The chemical inertness of SiC limits viable etching techniques to plasma‐based reactive ion etching methods; however, these could have significant undesirable effects for electronic and photonic devices. This paper presents a plasma‐free, open‐circuit, photo‐induced metal‐assisted chemical etch for fabricating micro and nanoscale features without the inherent high energy ion‐related surface damage. The method presented herein utilizes above bandgap ultraviolet light, patterned noble metal (Pt), and a solution consisting of an oxidant potassium persulfate (K2S2O8) and an acid, hydrofluoric acid, to spatially define the etching morphology. The parameter space is comprehensively explored to demonstrate the controllability and versatility of this technique to produce ordered arrays of micro and nanoscale SiC structures with porous or solid sidewalls, and to elucidate the etching mechanism.
Direct Integration of Strained‐Pt Catalysts into Proton‐Exchange‐Membrane Fuel Cells with Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Xu Shicheng , Wang Zhaoxuan , Dull Sam , Liu Yunzhi , Lee Dong Un , Lezama Pacheco Juan S. , Orazov Marat , Vullum Per Erik , Dadlani Anup Lal , Vinogradova Olga , Schindler Peter , Tam Qizhan , Schladt Thomas D. , Mueller Jonathan E. , Kirsch Sebastian , Huebner Gerold , Higgins Drew , Torgersen Jan , Viswanathan Venkatasubramanian , Jaramillo Thomas Francisco , Prinz Fritz B.
Published: June 2021

The design and fabrication of lattice‐strained platinum catalysts achieved by removing a soluble core from a platinum shell synthesized via atomic layer deposition, is reported. The remarkable catalytic performance for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), measured in both half‐cell and full‐cell configurations, is attributed to the observed lattice strain. By further optimizing the nanoparticle geometry and ionomer/carbon interactions, mass activity close to 0.8 A mgPt−1 @0.9 V iR‐free is achievable in the membrane electrode assembly. Nevertheless, active catalysts with high ORR activity do not necessarily lead to high performance in the high‐current‐density (HCD) region. More attention shall be directed toward HCD performance for enabling high‐power‐density hydrogen fuel cells.
Room‐Temperature Magnetic Field Effect on Excitonic Photoluminescence in Perovskite Nanocrystals
Authors: Zhang Kun , Zhao Jian , Hu Qingsong , Yang Sijie , Zhu Xixiang , Zhang Yaqi , Huang Ruiqin , Ma Yongfu , Wang Zhenxing , Ouyang Zhongwen , Han Junbo , Han Yibo , Tang Jiang , Tong Wei , Zhang Lei , Zhai Tianyou
Published: June 2021

Magnetic‐field‐enhanced spin‐polarized electronic/optical properties in semiconductors are crucial for fabricating various spintronic devices. However, this spin polarization is governed by weak spin exchange interactions and easily randomized by thermal fluctuations; therefore, it is only produced at cryogenic temperatures, which severely limits the applications. Herein, a room‐temperature intrinsic magnetic field effect (MFE) on excitonic photoluminescence is achieved in CsPbX3:Mn (X = Cl, Br) perovskite nanocrystals. Through moderate Mn doping, the MFE is enhanced by exciton–Mn interactions, and through partial Br substitution, the MFE is stabilized at room temperature by exciton orbital ordering. The orbital ordering significantly enhances the g‐factor difference between electrons and holes, which is evidenced by a parallel orbit–orbit interaction among excitons generated by circular polarized laser excitation. This study provides a clear avenue for engineering spintronic materials based on orbital interactions in perovskites.