bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of COVID-19 on Forensic Pathology Services in Antwerp, Belgium - Perspectives of Forensic Pathologists
Authors: Claeys Wout , Baetens Eline , Van Rafelghem Babette , Van Goethem Alexia , D’Hondt Diona , Jacobs Werner
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic, which reached Belgium in early 2020, significantly impacted the country's healthcare system, including forensic medicine. Illustrating the knowledge vacuum the medical world was working in, the first ten patients arriving in Belgium were hospitalized in a police-secured medical facility. By 2021, Belgium was among the most severely affected countries in Europe, reporting over 730,000 cases and more than 21,000 COVID-19-related deaths. In response to these unprecedented challenges, forensic medicine implemented critical reforms to enhance operational safety and maintain service continuity during the crisis. The pandemic altered practices by intensifying morgue-based examinations and relying on postmortem CT (PMCT) scans as an initial screening method. Autopsy protocols were revised to incorporate protective measures and collaboration between forensic and anatomical pathology departments. Despite a surge in domestic violence and mental health issues during the pandemic, there was no corresponding increase in forensic cases. Through close interdepartmental collaboration, forensic services maintained pre-pandemic autopsy rates, contributing valuable insights into COVID-19 pathology and strengthening future preparedness. Lessons learned emphasize the importance of resilient forensic systems in addressing public health crises and enhancing the role of forensic medicine within healthcare.
Forensic Autopsies during COVID-19 Pandemic in Poland
Authors: Smędra Anna , Wochna Katarzyna , Berent Jarosław
Published: December 2024

COVID-19 has taken the world by storm since late 2019, so we decided to investigate whether this storm also affected forensic autopsies. The study aimed to check whether the COVID-19 pandemic influenced the number of forensic autopsies conducted in the Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Poland. For this, the monthly number of forensic autopsies performed from January 2019 to December 2023 was counted, covering the pre-pandemic (2019), pandemic (2020-2022) and post-pandemic (2023) periods in Poland. The results were compared with the monthly number of SARS-CoV-2 infections and the monthly number of deaths due to COVID-19 in Poland in the same period. The results showed that the mean monthly number of autopsies in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic periods was similar (22.2±3.6 vs. 23.4±5.5), while the mean number during the pandemic was significantly lower (17.2±5.4). A major reason for this could have been the general slowing down in the pace of life driven by various types of lockdowns, which could have had an impact on reducing crime and, therefore, also on cases where the state prosecutor could have suspected that death had been caused by criminal means. Another reason could have been society's fear of a new, completely unknown disease. This fear may also have influenced the prosecutors and further affected their willingness to order forensic autopsies.
The Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica: a new exotic breeding species for the Italian avifauna?
Authors: Carta Enrico , Zucchetti Elan Federico , Valfiorito Rudy , Alberti Niccolò
Published: December 2024

The first confirmed breeding case of the Indian Silverbill Euodice malabarica in Italy is reported. We also report the new Italian records and the implications on the expansion of the species from southern France, where the species is naturalised from the 80s.
Developing teachers’ competency for inclusive education in Ethiopia
Authors: Kebede Aschalew T. , Phasha Tlakale N.
Published: December 2024

Background: In light of the increasing diversity within school populations globally, a pressing need arises for nations to prioritise the enhancement of teachers’ competencies in implementing inclusive education, recognising the central role teacher education programmes play in addressing this imperative. Teacher education programmes centred on inclusion not only respond to this global priority but also wield influence on teachers’ attitudes, self-efficacy and stress levels when engaging with diverse learners.Objectives: The study presents an analysis of the effectiveness of a teacher education programme in Ethiopia in developing teachers’ competencies for inclusion.Method: Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods research design, involving 159 teachers, data were collected through questionnaires (n = 152) and individual interviews (n = 7). Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS, and qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. This approach ensures a nuanced examination of the research question with precision and depth.Results: Findings highlight challenges in the Ethiopian teacher education system, revealing a significant lack of provision of sufficient knowledge to empower teachers to understand inclusion. The inadequacy extends to the influence on teachers’ attitudes towards inclusion, as well as the insufficient exposure to practical, hands-on experiences essential for addressing diverse learning needs.Conclusion: The challenges faced by teacher training in Ethiopia, evident in its struggle to align with global standards for supporting teachers in implementing inclusive education, necessitate urgent and substantial reforms.Contribution: Addressing the gaps in understanding inclusion, fostering positive attitudes and enhancing practical experiences necessitating a comprehensive overhaul of teacher education curricula and practices.
Reimagining Matthean economic ethics in postcolonial South Africa
Authors: Hombana Mphumezi
Published: December 2024

This article investigates the intersection of economic justice and postcolonialism within post-1994 South Africa. Amid growing discourse on economic freedom and justice in both political and religious spheres, this article aims to elucidate the Matthean economic ethical principles and values – for both marginalised and affluent communities in postcolonial South Africa. By adopting a postcolonial framework, the study aims to uncover the underlying power dynamics, socio-economic inequalities, and historical legacies shaping the nation’s contemporary economic imbalances. Furthermore, the article explores the role of churches and religious leaders in addressing economic justice issues.Contribution: This article offers insights into how Matthean economic ethics can be adopted to confront systemic injustices and advocate for the economic empowerment and liberation of marginalised communities in post-1994 South Africa, emphasising the relevance of Matthean economic ethics.
Strategies for effective and efficient delivery of primary health care by village health workers: A scoping review using the Rodgers’ Evolutionary Concept Analysis Framework
Authors: Munyai Ofhani , Mudau Azwinndini G. , Mashau Ntsieni S.
Published: December 2024

Background: Village health workers (VHWs), popularly known as community health workers (CHWs) in some contexts and settings, should effectively complement health care providers in primary health care (PHC) delivery in Zimbabwe. However, they continue to offer services that do not address current and emerging health issues.Aim: This study aims to review the literature and develop a conceptual framework to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of VHWs in service delivery.Method: Rodgers’ evolutionary framework was used to analyse the concept of ‘strategies for effective and efficient delivery of PHC by VHWs’. Articles and reports published in English from 2010 to 2022 in peer-reviewed journals from the PUBMED, EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar databases were reviewed.Results: After screening and removal of duplicates a total of 52 articles and two reports were reviewed to identify antecedents, attributes and consequences of strategies to improve PHC services by village health workers. The antecedents included an enabling work environment, community participation, motivation, incentives, integration of community health into national health systems, and information and communication technology. The attributes consisted of ongoing training and skills development, mutual respect and trust, enhanced contact between VHWs and communities and supportive supervision. The consequences were equitable access to and improved quality of PHC service delivery.Conclusion: The concept of PHC service delivery by VHWs has evolved from health promotion to curative care through task shifting and is now an integral part of the health system. A supportive and enabling work environment, anchored in community participation, empowers VHWs to deliver equitable services effectively and efficiently.Contribution: The development of strategies for improving VHW service delivery and a conceptual framework informed by findings from the reviewed literature.
COVID-19 impact on HIV PrEP uptake and retention at selected health facilities in Eswatini
Authors: Ginindza Musa B. , Ncube Nondumiso , Coetzee Renier
Published: December 2024

Background: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) uses antiretroviral medication to reduce HIV risk in HIV-negative individuals. Despite its effectiveness, global uptake faces policy and accessibility challenges. In Eswatini, PrEP introduction in 2017 showed promise despite stigma and COVID-19 disruptions.Aim: This study compared PrEP uptake and retention during and after COVID-19.Setting and Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among clients accessing HIV testing services in selected Eswatini facilities. Data from the HIV testing register, PrEP register, and Client Management Information System (CMIS) were analysed. Uptake, retention, and client outcomes were measured during COVID-19 (March 2020–March 2021) and post-COVID-19 (April 2021–April 2022).Results: Of 5286 clients, 45% (n = 2380) initiated PrEP during COVID-19, while 55% (n = 2906) initiated post-pandemic. Facility 3 had the highest initiations during COVID-19 (844), while Facility 5 had the lowest (7). Retention was lower among clients aged 15–29 years. Females initially showed higher retention odds (odds ratio [OR]: 1.50), but this was insignificant after adjusting for confounders. Clients initiated post-COVID-19 had higher retention odds (OR: 2.96).Conclusion: COVID-19 impacted PrEP uptake in Eswatini, emphasising the need for flexible healthcare delivery. Targeted campaigns and tailored interventions are crucial for sustaining HIV prevention efforts and addressing demographic shifts.Contribution: This study highlights the importance of responsive healthcare systems and tailored approaches to maintaining HIV prevention during public health crises.
Newborn with Extensive Bart Syndrome
Authors: AlAfeefi Mariam , Aladawi Meera
Published: December 2024

Bart syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by the presence of mechanical fragility and a congenital localized absence of the skin. We share a case of a newborn presenting with aplasia cutis congenita, epidermolysis bullosa, and pyloric atresia, features consistent with Bart syndrome. The patient also exhibited other congenital defects, including a fused external auditory meatus, corneal cloudiness, an asymmetrical mandible, and bilateral undescended testes.
Sjogren–Larsson Syndrome: A Familial Disease Afflicting Three Siblings Born of a Nonconsanguinous Marriage
Authors: Thirumalaiswamy Aparna , Desai Saloni Abhijit , Dongre Atul Madhusudan , Nayak Chitra Shivanand
Published: December 2024

Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (SLS) is an autosomal recessive ichthyotic syndrome characterized by a triad of congenital ichthyosis, mental retardation, and diplegia or tetraplegia. It occurs due to the defect in the gene responsible for encoding the enzyme fatty aldehyde dehydrogenase. Accumulating these abnormal aldehyde lipids in the skin and brain leads to clinical symptoms. This case report presents three siblings, born of a nonconsanguineous marriage, with a unique and rare manifestation of SLS. The siblings, aged 7, 5, and 3 years, respectively, exhibited pruritic dry, scaly rashes since infancy, along with abnormal gait and mental retardation. Genetic examination confirmed a homozygous mutation of the ALDH3A2 gene, leading to the diagnosis of SLS. Treatment involving capsule acitretin and a multidisciplinary approach resulted in a significant reduction in dryness and scaling. The case underscores the importance of early SLS diagnosis to mitigate morbidity and improve the quality of life for affected individuals.
Olmsted Syndrome: A Case Report of Two Brothers
Authors: Bhati Surendra Singh , Bhargava Anmol , Deshpande Pramey , Sahu Swati
Published: December 2024

Olmsted syndrome is a rare disease characterized by severe mutilating transgradient keratoderma with prominent periorificial hyperkeratosis. A total of 73 cases have been reported worldwide. We hereby report the cases of two brothers who were diagnosed as Olmsted syndrome, who presented with periorificial hyperkeratosis and palmoplantar keratoderma.
Diagnostic Dilemma of Leukemoid Reaction in Pediatric Pyoderma Gangrenosum
Authors: Chopade Snehal Umesh , Chikhalkar Siddhi B. , Singh Shreya , Kute Priyanka R. , Golwad Pooja Manohar , Kamble Pramod Dhanraj , Kharka Vidya
Published: December 2024

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a chronic neutrophilic dermatological disorder mostly seen in adults. The incidence of PG is only 4% in the pediatric age group. We present a case of an 11-year-old boy who had a painful ulcer with constitutional symptoms and a hematological leukemoid reaction, which could mislead the clinician toward an infective etiology. In such a dilemma, our case showed successful recovery with systemic steroids and colchicine confirming the diagnosis of PG.
Solitary Asymptomatic Plaque Over the Knee of 1-year-old Girl
Authors: Jaju Divya , Kumavat Shrikant , Zawar Vijay
Published: December 2024

Eccrine angiomatous hamartoma is a rare benign malformation of eccrine and vascular structures. It often presents as a nodule or a plaque usually on the lower extremities. It may present at birth or in the early childhood. We report a case of asymptomatic plaque over the left knee of a 1-year-old girl in whom a skin biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Hypertrichosis and hyperhidrosis over a plaque in an infant are extremely rare and are the highlighting features of this case. Early identification of this condition may avoid unnecessary investigations and may help reduce the anxiety of the parents.
Oral-Facial-Digital Syndrome in an Indian Child
Authors: Ballal Sumedha , Srinivasa Sanjanaa , Augustine Mary
Published: December 2024

Oral-facial-digital syndromes (OFDSs) are a rare heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by a spectrum of craniofacial, oral, and digital anomalies. A 3-month-old female patient presented with facial milia, cleft lip and palate, nodule over the tongue, and syndactyly of digits and was diagnosed with OFDS type 1, a subtype of the syndrome, based on distinctive oral, facial, and digital features. This case report adds to our understanding of this rare condition and emphasizes the significance of the dermatologist’s and oral clinician’s roles in the multidisciplinary approach needed for early diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up in OFDS cases.
Inhibition of Proteus vulgaris and its associate urease by flavonoid fraction of selected plants used as spices in India
Authors: Dawane Ashwini A. , Gacche Rajesh N. , Kathwate Gunderao H. , Ahmed Mohammad Zamir , Shaikh Kalim M. , Ahmed Aafreen A. , Shaikh Rafik U.
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Proteus vulgaris is highly resistant to many currently available antibiotics. The bacterium is pathogenic to humans causing urinary tract infection and wound infection. The enzyme urease produced by bacterium also leads to formation of struvite stone in urinary tract. The present study was carried out to evaluate anti–P. vulgaris activity of flavonoid fraction of selected plants as well as to determine their antioxidant potential.

METHODS:

The selected plants are popularly used as spices in India and subcontinent. Flavonoid fraction of Ammomum subulatum Roxb., (Brihat Ela); Cinnamomum tamala T. Nees., (Patra); Cinnamomum zeylanicum Garcin ex Blume., (Twak); Myristica fragrans Houtt., (Jatiphala) and Piper nigrum L., (Maricha); were evaluated against P. vulgaris and its urease inhibition using agar well diffusion method. Subsequently, the antioxidant activity of selected plants was also determined by their 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl (OH), superoxide radical (SOR), reducing activity and nitric oxide free radical scavenging potential.

RESULTS:

The results obtained from study reveals that P. nigrum (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC], 6 mg/mL) was found to be most active against P. vulgaris followed by C. tamala, M. fragrans, and A. subulatum (MIC, 7 8, and 8.5 mg/mL), respectively. The urease inhibition study indicates that all selected plants possess significant inhibitory activity in the range of 0.55–6.60 mm. Moreover, the antioxidant profile of selected plant flavonoid fractions shows that the plants have promising radical scavenging potential.

CONCLUSION:

The findings of present study shows P. nigrum and C. tamala have significant potential to inhibit growth of human pathogenic bacteria P. vulgaris which merits further exploration and become potential targets for natural plant drug discovery.
Evaluation of the Gliding of Posterior Elbow Fat Pad Using Ultrasonography and Particle Image Velocimetry
Authors: Kato Takeyuki , Fukuda Yasushi , Kubo Yoshiaki , Kobune Hiroto , Sadamura Norihumi , Koyama Koji
Published: December 2024

Background:

Previous studies have utilized ultrasonography (US) to dynamically evaluate Kager’s and infrapatellar fat pads. However, limited research has focused on the dynamic assessment of the posterior fat pad of the elbow joint, and its correlation with elbow pain remains unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the gliding of the posterior elbow fat pad in healthy patients using US.

Methods:

US was performed on 40 healthy patients. The patients were placed in a sitting position with the upper limb on the bed; they performed an automatic movement from 90° flexion to full extension of the elbow joint for 2 s following a fixed rhythm using a digital timer. Moving images of the fat pad gliding were analyzed for the direction of movement and gliding velocity using particle image velocimetry. Statistical analyses were performed using Friedman test.

Results:

The posterior fat pad glided into the olecranon fossa within the range of 0%–50% elbow extension. At 50% extension, the posterior fat pad showed a proximal posterior direction of movement. A significant increase in sliding velocity was observed from 0% to 50% extension (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed between 50% and 75% extensions.

Conclusion:

Our results indicate that the velocity and direction of gliding of the fat pad behind the elbow joint in healthy patients vary with changes in the elbow joint extension angle. US proves to be a valuable tool for evaluating the posterior elbow fat pad.
Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System on the Basis of Cost and Effectiveness
Authors: Aydin Sonay , Gulmez Ali Osman , Memis Kemal Bugra
Published: December 2024

Background:

We aim to evaluate thyroid imaging reporting and data system (TIRADS) on the basis of cost and effectiveness through the numbers of fine-needle aspiration biopsies (FNABs) and sonographic examinations in a tertiary health-care institution.

Methods:

The 50-day intervals before and after the start of TIRADS use (October 10, 2022) were evaluated to carry out this assessment. The reason for choosing 50-day periods was because it covers the initial phase when the study is most optimally performed in our hospital. The number of thyroid ultrasound (US) and FNAB procedures carried out in our facility during that time was tallied. Exclusion standards were not applied.

Results:

One thousand nine hundred eighty-two people made up the study population. Fifty days before the October 10, 2022, there were 975 instances (49.2%), and 50 days after that, there were 1007 cases (50.8%). Out of 1982 cases, it was discovered that 190 (9.6%) underwent a biopsy, and 1792 (90.4%) underwent a US examination. It was found that the first period’s rate of biopsy examination was significantly higher than the second period’s rates of 11.1% and 8.1%, respectively. The rate of biopsy examination in males during the first period was found to be substantially higher than the second period. Individuals between the ages of 35 and 50 years had a rate of biopsy examination that was considerably higher in the first period than the second period.

Conclusion:

The TIRADS Risk Scale has the capacity to reduce unnecessary biopsies, hence mitigating potential psychological distress, burden, and financial expenses for the patient.
A Rare Case: Isolated Metastasis of Laryngeal Cancer to the Breast in a Male Patient
Authors: Arslan Aydan , Ağaçkaya Yusuf , Demirtaş Duygu , Niğdelioğlu Büsra , Akin İlker , Mavi Ayşe
Published: December 2024

Laryngeal cancer is one of the common cancer types, and distant organ metastasis is extremely rare. We present a 65-year-old male patient who received five cycles of cisplatin and radiotherapy after surgery for laryngeal cancer. In the positron emission tomography-computed tomography examination performed during the follow-up, we observed a newly developed mass with increased fluoro-D-glucose uptake in the right breast. A hypoechoic lesion with irregular borders of approximately 17 mm × 11 mm × 17 mm was observed in the retroareolar region of the right breast in ultrasound. Calcification was not observed in mammography. In the pathological evaluation after biopsy, it was seen that the neuroendocrine type of laryngeal cancer was compatible with breast metastasis. Although rare, metastases to the breast should be kept in mind in cases with a primary tumor.
Role of controlled radial expansion balloon bronchoplasty in benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis
Authors: Patra Jeetendra Kumar , Ray Chinmaya Sundar , Pattnaik Manoranjan , Behera Subrat Kumar
Published: December 2024

Background:

Central airway obstruction can arise from both benign and malignant conditions, as well as from congenital or acquired causes. One common cause of acquired central airway obstruction is post-intubation subglottic and tracheal stenosis. Presentations can vary widely, from asymptomatic cases to symptoms such as difficulty clearing secretions and dyspnea on exertion due to airway narrowing. Critical tracheal or subglottic stenosis may present with stridor. Bronchoscopy is the primary diagnostic tool for assessing the type and severity of stenosis in the subglottic and tracheal regions. Controlled radial expansion (CRE) balloon bronchoplasty is a cost-effective procedure that can be performed either under sedation in a bronchoscopy suite or under general anesthesia in an operating room. This technique provides temporary relief and can be repeated, allowing time for more definitive or complex treatments.

Materials and Methods:

This case series study was conducted in the Department of Pulmonary Medicine in collaboration with the Department of Ear, Nose, and Throat at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India, from January 2018 to July 2021. Six patients with subglottic and tracheal stenosis confirmed via fiber-optic bronchoscopy, all of whom had previously undergone tracheostomy, were included. Balloon bronchoplasty was performed using rigid laryngoscopy under general anesthesia with a CRE balloon (Boston Scientific), an Alliance-II integrated inflation device, a guide wire, and an Alliance inflation syringe. A follow-up fiber-optic bronchoscopy was conducted 1 month later. If an optimal tracheal diameter of 8–10 mm was not achieved, the patient underwent an additional CRE balloon bronchoplasty session.

Results:

This case series evaluated six patients with subglottic or tracheal stenosis. CRE balloon bronchoplasty was completed in three patients, with no recurrence of stenosis. However, the remaining three patients did not achieve an optimal tracheal lumen with CRE balloon bronchoplasty and were referred for tracheal reconstruction surgery.

Discussion:

CRE balloon bronchoplasty is an effective treatment for restoring optimal tracheal lumen in simple benign subglottic or tracheal stenosis cases. Patients with more complex stenosis should be considered for earlier referral to tracheal reconstruction surgery.

Conclusion:

CRE balloon bronchoplasty is a safe, straightforward, efficient, and repeatable procedure for relieving central airway obstruction due to benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis. It can serve as either a standalone treatment or an adjunct to other therapies for managing benign subglottic and tracheal stenosis.
A study of sleep hygiene practices and quality of sleep in health professional students
Authors: Gawade Neha D. , Isaac David N. , Khadkikar Rita M. , Isaac Catherine D.
Published: December 2024

Background:

Chronic sleep deprivation is a prevalent yet treatable condition among young adults and teenagers, often resulting from various sleep disorders that negatively affect overall wellbeing in this age group. Sleep quality refers to an individual’s overall satisfaction with different aspects of their sleep experience, while sleep hygiene encompasses easily modifiable pre-sleep behaviors that support healthy sleep patterns. This study aims to assess health professional students’ sleep quality and hygiene practices and evaluate the correlation between these two factors.

Materials and Methods:

This prospective, observational, and cross-sectional study involved 320 health professional students who completed a self-administered questionnaire. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality, while the sleep hygiene index (SHI) was used to evaluate sleep hygiene practices. Data were recorded in Excel and analyzed by a statistician.

Results:

Of the 320 participants, 74.4% (238 students) exhibited a moderate SHI, 13.4% (43 students) had a fair SHI, 11.6% (37 students) demonstrated excellent sleep hygiene, and 0.6% (2 students) showed poor sleep hygiene. Additionally, 63.8% (204 students) reported poor sleep quality, while 36.3% (116) experienced good sleep quality.

Conclusion:

Most health professional students followed moderate sleep hygiene practices and reported poor sleep quality. Statistical analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between sleep hygiene and sleep quality, suggesting that improving sleep hygiene practices may lead to better sleep quality.
A rare case of a migrated foreign body found in and around the urinary bladder and urethra
Authors: Yelikar Aditya
Published: December 2024

Common causes of intravesical or intraurethral foreign bodies include iatrogenic injuries, self-insertion, sexual abuse, assault, and migration from adjacent sites. A 64-year-old man had been presented with a 1-year history of intermittent urinary dribbling, accompanied by painful urination (dysuria), occasional blood in the urine (hematuria), and lower urinary tract symptoms. Initially, we performed cystolithotripsy to free a guide wire encased in tissue. However, the wire remained lodged in the urinary bladder, prompting us to conduct a laparoscopic cystolithotomy for complete removal. It is possible that the guide wire either slipped into the femoral vein and was subsequently forgotten, later migrating to the urinary bladder, or that it was used to railroad a Foley catheter, which slipped into the bladder and was left behind. Foreign bodies in the urinary bladder are relatively common and should be considered when symptoms and test results are inconsistent. When endoscopic removal is not feasible, laparoscopic removal is an effective minimally invasive option.
Potential link between transfusion-transmitted infections and ABO and Rh blood group systems in healthy blood donors
Authors: Kataria Aneesha , Aden Durre , Khan Sabina , Mehraj Meesa , Alvi Yasir , Jetley Sujata
Published: December 2024

Background:

Screening blood donations is essential to prevent transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Research indicates that ABO and Rh blood groups might influence infection transmission risks.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective study examined data from 10,470 healthy blood donors over seven years (2016–2022) at a tertiary care hospital. Blood typing was performed for ABO and Rh groups, and all voluntary and replacement donors were screened for TTI markers—hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), malaria, and syphilis—using third-generation ELISA kits, rapid tests, rapid plasma reagin (RPR), and venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL). Statistical analyzes were conducted using Chi-square and Fisher’s exact test in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 26.0.

Results:

Among the 10,470 male donors screened, 173 were replacement donors, and 6 were voluntary donors. TTI positivity was identified in 1.79% of donors, with the following breakdown: 69.27% positive for hepatitis B, 15.6% for hepatitis C, 11.7% for HIV, and 5% for syphilis. The highest TTI prevalence was observed in the B blood group (43%), followed by O (30.16%), A (21.78%), and AB (6.7%). Overall, Rh-positive individuals were more susceptible, and a significant association was observed between Rh-negative donors and HBV infection.

Conclusion:

The B-positive blood group showed the highest seroprevalence for TTIs. However, no statistically significant association was found between TTI prevalence and ABO or Rh blood group systems.
Cost-effectiveness and economic analysis of antibiotics: a comprehensive study utilizing ICER and ACER metrics
Authors: Acharya Prajnashree , Karabasanawar Someshwar S. , Sattigeri Anurag R. , Pai Vasudev P. , Totar Laxmi B. , Nyamagoud Sanatkumar Bharamu
Published: December 2024

Background:

Cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) is a valuable tool in healthcare used to evaluate the economic efficiency of antibiotic treatments by comparing their costs with clinical outcomes, such as cost per life saved or quality-adjusted life days (QALDs) gained. This approach aids in informed decision-making, highlights price variations, and identifies patient groups likely to benefit most from specific treatments. Antibiotics frequently assessed in CEA include penicillins, cephalosporins, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides. While antibiotics have revolutionized healthcare, their efficacy is increasingly threatened by antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to overuse and misuse.

Aims and Objectives:

The study aimed to evaluate the pharmacoeconomic impact of antibiotic treatments using CEA in a healthcare setting, focusing on identifying cost-effective antibiotics and promoting rational prescribing practices.

Materials and Methods:

A six-month observational study was conducted at Vivekananda General Hospital, Hubballi, Karnataka, involving 212 inpatients from general medicine wards. The study, approved by an ethics committee, utilized medical record analysis to assess the pharmacoeconomic impact of antibiotics through CEA. Key metrics included the average cost-effectiveness ratio (ACER) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER).

Results:

Ciprofloxacin emerged as the most cost-effective intravenous antibiotic (ACER: 6.62 INR/QALD), while meropenem was the least cost-effective (ACER: 179.66 INR/QALD). Among oral antibiotics, doxycycline demonstrated the highest cost-effectiveness (ACER: 1.86 INR/QALD), whereas rifaximin was the least cost-effective (ACER: 13.18 INR/QALD). ICER analysis further highlighted azithromycin (0.56 INR/QALD) and amikacin (26.42 INR/QALD) as cost-effective choices.

Conclusion:

This study emphasizes the utility of CEA in optimizing antibiotic utilization, promoting rational prescribing practices, and supporting antimicrobial stewardship initiatives to safeguard antibiotic effectiveness in the face of rising AMR.
Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial sensitivity pattern of wound infections in burns ward of a tertiary care hospital: a retro-prospective study
Authors: Gaonkar Anvesh Anand , Pereira Ian Antao , Amborcar Yuri Dias
Published: December 2024

Background:

Nosocomial infections pose a significant risk to burn patients, contributing to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Burn injuries, particularly in developing countries, present a major public health concern. Therefore, it is crucial to identify the microorganisms present in burn wounds to guide effective treatment strategies. This study aims to determine the prevalence of bacteria isolated from burn wounds and to evaluate their antimicrobial sensitivity profiles.

Materials and Methods:

This retrospective observational study collected data from January to July 2022 and from January to July 2023. Lab reports of all swabs collected from burn wounds for microbial identification and antibiotic sensitivity profile were noted down. The data were analyzed manually using MS Excel and presented as frequencies and graphs.

Results:

Of the 152 wound samples, 82% showed bacterial growth, whereas 18% showed no growth. The most frequently isolated organism was Pseudomonas (40%), followed by Staphylococcus (20%), Acinetobacter (17.6%), Klebsiella (16.8%), Enterobacter (3.2%), Citrobacter (1.6%), and Chryseobacterium (0.8%). Colistin, polymyxin B, vancomycin, and linezolid were the most effective antibiotics.

Conclusion:

The predominant bacterial isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. For treatment, colistin or levofloxacin may be used against Pseudomonas, vancomycin or rifampicin against Staphylococcus, colistin or tigecycline against Acinetobacter, and cefoperazone–sulbactam or linezolid against Klebsiella as reserved antibiotic options.
Harnessing nanotechnology for enhanced epilepsy management
Authors: Manasa V. , Ruby J. Joysa , Gogoi Himadri Priya , Vignesh S. , Anjaneya P. H. , Akhil
Published: December 2024

Epilepsy, a condition characterized by unprovoked, recurrent seizures, currently has no cure, with treatments ranging from medications to treatment modalities such as antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and vagus nerve stimulation, as well as ketogenic diet and surgical procedures. Recent advancements in nanotechnology have introduced groundbreaking approaches to epilepsy treatment, including targeted drug delivery, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions. Nanocarrier systems—such as nanoparticles, micelles, and liposomes—enhance drug specificity for brain delivery, improving the therapeutic efficacy and reducing off-target toxicity. New developments in nanocarrier systems for AEDs, including phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine, and valproate, demonstrate increased brain penetration, solubility, and controlled drug release, offering promising benefits in epilepsy management. Nanotechnology also advances diagnostic capabilities with nano-sensitive devices such as enhanced electroencephalography and biomarker technologies, enabling more personalized monitoring and treatment. Prospects include nanodroplet drug delivery, neural repair with nanomaterials, and highly individualized epilepsy therapies. These innovations could significantly improve traditional treatments, patient outcomes, and quality of life, underscoring the importance of collaboration among healthcare providers, scientists, and technologists to maximize their potential. Efforts have been made to present epilepsy and its management graphically.
Deciphering the clinical profile and diagnostic framework of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in a tertiary care setting
Authors: Priyadarshini Lipsa , Mohapatro Meenakshi , Biswal Priyadarshini , Patro Silla Alisha , Rout Devidutta Ramani Ranjan , Roul Simadri Swetapadma
Published: December 2024

Background:

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a severe hyperinflammatory disorder marked by intense yet ineffective immune activation, resulting in hemophagocytosis, systemic inflammation, and multi-organ dysfunction. The diagnosis has traditionally depended on the 2004 HLH criteria, while the HScore, introduced in 2014, presents an alternative diagnostic approach.

Materials and Methods:

A 2-year study was conducted on patients referred to the hematology division for bone marrow evaluation. Patients with fever, cytopenia, and organomegaly underwent comprehensive biochemical and hematological assessments, including bone marrow aspiration. HLH diagnosis was established using both the HScore and the 2004 HLH criteria.

Results:

Among 48 patients with fever, organomegaly, and cytopenia, 16 (33%) met the HLH diagnostic threshold with an HScore above 169, and 12 cases (75%) showed evidence of hemophagocytosis in the bone marrow. Based on the 2004 HLH criteria, 11 cases (29%) met the diagnostic requirements, achieving scores above five out of eight parameters.

Conclusion:

A timely and accurate diagnosis of HLH is crucial, as delays can lead to worse outcomes. Employing the 2004 criteria and the HScore is an effective diagnostic strategy, with the HScore showing higher accuracy.
A classification of Shimura curves in
$ \mathscr {A}_g$
Authors: Moonen Ben
Published: December 2024

We give a precise classification, in terms of Shimura data, of all

$1$

-dimensional Shimura subvarieties of a moduli space of polarized abelian varieties.
On the gluing of germs of complex analytic spaces, Betti numbers, and their structure
Authors: Freitas Thiago Henrique , Lima Johnny Albert
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we introduce new classes of gluing of complex analytic space germs, called weakly large, large, and strongly large. We describe their Poincaré series and, as applications, we give numerical criteria to determine when these classes of gluing of germs of complex analytic spaces are smooth, singular, complete intersections and Gorenstein, in terms of their Betti numbers. In particular, we show that the gluing of the same germ of complex analytic space along any subspace is always a singular germ.
Cone criterion on an infinite-dimensional torus
Authors: Glyzin Sergey Dmitrievich , Kolesov Andrei Yurevich
Published: December 2024

On the infinite-dimensional torus
$\mathbb{T}^{\infty} = E/2\pi\mathbb{Z}^{\infty}$,
where $E$ is an infinite-dimensional real Banach space,
$\mathbb{Z}^{\infty}$is an abstract integer lattice, a special class
of diffeomorphisms $\mathrm{Diff}(\mathbb{T}^{\infty})$ is considered.
This class consists of the mappings
$G\colon \mathbb{T}^{\infty} \to \mathbb{T}^{\infty}$
such that the differentials $DG$ and $D(G^{-1})$
are uniformly bounded and uniformly continuous on $\mathbb{T}^{\infty}$.
For diffeomorphisms from $\mathrm{Diff}(\mathbb{T}^{\infty})$, we establish
the validity of the so-called cone criterion, which is a classical result
of finite-dimensional hyperbolic theory (that is, the hyperbolicity criterion
formulated in terms of fields of invariant horizontal and vertical cones).
Superposition of layers of cubic lattice
Authors: Grishukhin Vyacheslav Petrovich
Published: December 2024

The cube is the Dirichlet-Voronoi cell of the integer lattice $Z^n$.
We study the family of $(n+1)$-dimensional lattices $L_Z^{n+1}(h)$
obtained by superposition of layers of the lattice $Z^n$ and depending on
the distance $h$ between the layers. The quadratic forms
corresponding to these lattices generate a family of forms $f_h$.
If $h$ varies from 0 to infinity, the forms $f_h$ pierce the cone of positive quadratic forms
from one its boundary to another boundary and pass through a series of edge-forms.
On low dimensional bases of natural bundles for compact homogeneous spaces
Authors: Gorbatsevich Vladimir Vitalyevich
Published: December 2024

We describe the bases of dimension $\le 5$
of natural bundles of compact homogeneous spaces.
The description is given up to commensurability
(generated by passing to some finite covering).
Problems of decomposability and countability of some commensurability classes of such bases are discussed.
Adaptive Machine Learning-Based Energy Management System for Hybrid
Electric Vehicles
Authors: Bhargav Matavalam
Published: December 2024

This paper examines the effectiveness of optimizing energy management in hybrid
electric vehicles by integrating adaptive machine learning algorithms with the
energy management electronic control unit (ECU). Existing traditional rule-based
energy management and control strategies of power distribution between internal
combustion and battery struggle to adapt to dynamic driving conditions, such as
rapid acceleration, frequent stop-and-go traffic, and varying terrain. These
scenarios often result in sub-optimal energy utilization and performance, as the
fixed rules struggle to account for the immediate demands and inefficiencies
that arise in such conditions. In conditions like that, rapid acceleration
demands a sudden increase in power, which can lead to inefficient fuel
consumption if not managed properly, while frequent stop-and-go traffic
conditions can cause the battery to drain and lead to increased fuel
consumption. Varying terrain can also lead to improper power distribution, with
steep inclines demanding more power from the internal combustion engine than
normal terrain. In contrast, the proposed system utilizes real-time feedback
from the energy management ECU, based on that it decides the power distribution
between the battery and internal combustion engine in the subsequent cycle,
ensuring optimal performance across a wide range of driving conditions by
efficiently distributing the power between internal combustion engine and
battery.

In this paper, the approach toward the development of a machine learning
algorithm for energy management of hybrid electric vehicles will be shown in
MATLAB. The procedure involves data collection from the energy management ECU,
including parameters such as battery state of charge (SOC), vehicle speed,
engine load, torque, fuel consumption rate, and temperature. This data is then
used to extract relevant patterns and relationships. Subsequent machine learning
algorithms are selected based on their suitability for the data characteristics
and problem requirements and trained using MATLAB. After training, the model
will receive real-time feedback from the energy management ECU based on
collected parameters. Using this feedback the model decides the power
distribution between the internal combustion engine and battery. Results,
including metrics like mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error
(RMSE) regarding fuel consumption and overall fuel consumption rates, will be
plotted to validate the system’s performance before and after implementing the
machine learning model. These results will be plotted on performance graphs to
illustrate the improvement achieved.

In conclusion, this article showcases a comprehensive methodology utilizing
MATLAB for the development and validation of an adaptive machine learning-based
energy management system for hybrid electric vehicles.
Aluminum Alloy, Alclad Sheet, 6.2Zn - 2.3Cu - 2.2Mg - 0.12Zr (Alclad 7050-T76), Solution Heat Treated and Overaged
Authors:   AMS D Nonferrous Alloys Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aluminum alloy in the form of alclad sheet 0.040 to 0.187 inch (1.02 to 4.75 mm), inclusive, in nominal thickness (see 8.6).
Iron-Nickel Alloy, Corrosion- and Heat-Resistant, Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 44Fe - 18.5Cr - 35Ni - 1.15Si (Alloy 330), Solution Heat Treated
Authors:   AMS F Corrosion and Heat Resistant Alloys Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers a corrosion- and heat-resistant iron-nickel alloy in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Steel Sheet, Strip, and Plate, 0.95Cr - 0.20Mo (0.28 - 0.33C) (SAE 4130), Aircraft Quality
Authors:   AMS E Carbon and Low Alloy Steels Committee
Published: December 2024

This specification covers an aircraft-quality, low-alloy steel in the form of sheet, strip, and plate.
Resultados de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles notificadas a la Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) en 2023
Authors: Amillategui-Dos-Santos Rocío , Cano Portero Rosa , Martín Mesonero Carmen , Soler-Soneira Marta
Published: December 2024

La Red Nacional de Vigilancia Epidemiológica (RENAVE) tiene entre sus funciones la recogida sistemática de la información epidemiológica, su análisis e interpretación y la difusión de los resultados. Se presentan los resultados de la vigilancia de las enfermedades transmisibles para el año 2023 realizada por los servicios de vigilancia de las comunidades y ciudades autonómicas (a partir de ahora autonomías). El Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias (CCAES) del Ministerio de Sanidad coordina el sistema de vigilancia y la gestión de la información la realiza el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE) del Instituto de Salud Carlos III de acuerdo a los protocolos de la RENAVE.
Trauma i stres pourazowy hiszpańskich weteranów z pierwszej połowy XVII w.
Authors: Szadkowski Paweł
Published: December 2024

The article attempts to answer the question of whether it is possible to study the mental condition of veterans of wars of the Early Modern period. From the point of view of a historian, this is fi rst of all a methodological problem, followed by a problem of a base of sources. In the 20th and 21st alone, the concept of PTSD (post-traumatic stress disorder) has undergone numerous changes, and in the current edition of the American Society of Mental Disorders (DSM) classifi cation of mental disorders, it is a much broader term and encompasses a variety of social contexts than it was at the time of the Vietnam War. A historian using the retrogressive method can study changes in the perception of the term, which also makes it possible to grasp the different contexts in which someone was considered to have suffered mental wounds during combat. From as early as the 17th century, both military men and medics emphasized the link between experiencing confl ict and behavioral change. In Western armies of the early modern era, offi cials reviewing veterans’ applications for relief indicated cases of soldiers unable to continue serving, although in full physical strength. In the Spanish army, they were referred to as mal de corazón – literally, “decrepit at heart,” although a number of different terms appear in the sources. However, in order to read such period sources and not make a misdiagnosis, it is necessary to look at the medical textbooks and military petitions of the time with methodological caution.
Epidemia cholery w 1866 r. w Poznaniu i jego okolicach
Authors: Magowska Anita
Published: December 2024

The article analyses the cholera epidemic in 1866 in Poznan and its surroundings. It differed from previous cholera epidemics in Poznan because the percentage of deaths was three times higher in the right-bank district than in the left-bank one. The article investigates the usefulness of the criterion of religion in examining this epidemic and the impact of the Prussian-Austrian war, a signifi cant event in European history, on cholera cases. The article also aims to identify the involvement of Polish doctors and persons without medical education in the fi ght against cholera in right-bank Poznan. The primary research material consists of press notes and articles published in “Dziennik Poznański” in 1866, documents from the State Archives in Poznan, Teofi l Kaczorowski’s report from the city cholera hospital, as well as leafl ets and a brochure on cholera, published in Poznan in 1866. The study proves the problematic nature of attributing susceptibility to cholera to Poles, what the Prussian authorities did, the impact of military transports and quartering of soldiers among the inhabitants of Poznan, and the difficulties in providing treatment and care to cholera patients, especially in the vicinity of Poznan, where there were no doctors or pharmacies at all. The occurrence of cholera was demonstrated near the fortress moat and the Bogdanka city stream.