bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Risky Sexual Behavior, Paraphilic Interest, and Sexual Offending: The Study of a Community Sample of Young Adults in Hong Kong
Authors: Chan Heng Choon (Oliver) , Myers Wade C.
Published: February 2023

Limited information is available on the prevalence and nature of sexual offending in Hong Kong. This cross-sectional study seeks to explore the role of risky sexual behavior (RSB) and paraphilic interests in self-reported sexual offending behavior (i.e., nonpenetrative-only, penetrative-only, and nonpenetrative-plus-penetrative sexual assault) in a community sample of young adults in Hong Kong. Using a large sample (N = 1885) of university students, the lifetime prevalence of self-reported sexual offending was 18% (n = 342; 23% males (n = 166), 15% females (n = 176)). Based on the study subsample of 342 participants who self-reported sexual offending (aged 18–35), the findings indicated that males reported significantly higher levels of general, penetrative-only, nonpenetrative-plus-penetrative sexual assault; and paraphilic interest in voyeurism, frotteurism, biastophilia, scatophilia, and hebephilia than females; while females reported a significantly higher level of transvestic fetishism than males. No significant difference was found in RSB between males and females. Logistic regressions found that the participants who possessed a higher level of RSB, particularly penetrative behaviors, and paraphilic interest in voyeurism and zoophilia were less likely to engage in a nonpenetrative-only sexual offense. Conversely, the participants who possessed higher levels of RSB, especially penetrative behaviors, and paraphilic interest in exhibitionism and zoophilia, were more likely to engage in nonpenetrative-plus-penetrative sexual assault. The implications for practice in areas such as public education and offender rehabilitation are discussed.
Understanding Connections between Nature and Stress among Conservation-Engaged Adolescents Using Photovoice Methodology
Authors: Hartley Kim , Prideaux Jonelle , Vaughn Lisa M.
Published: February 2023

While the literature supports positive associations between nature and adolescent mental health, mechanisms are not well understood, and assessment of nature varies widely among existing studies. To partner with the most insightful informants, we enrolled eight adolescent participants from a conservation-informed summer volunteer program, applying qualitative photovoice methodology to understand their use of nature to relieve stress. Across five group sessions, participants identified four themes: (1) Nature shows us different aspects of beauty; (2) nature helps us relieve stressful experiences by balancing our senses; (3) nature gives us space to find solutions; and (4) we want to find time to enjoy nature. At the conclusion of the project, youth participants reported that the research experience was overwhelmingly positive, enlightening, and inspired appreciation of nature. We found that, while our participants unanimously reported that nature relieved their stress, prior to this project, they were not always intentional in seeking time in nature for this purpose. Through the photovoice process, these participants noted the usefulness of nature for stress relief. We conclude with recommendations for leveraging nature to decrease adolescent stress. Our findings are relevant for families, educators, students, healthcare professionals, and anyone who works with or cares for adolescents.
Multi-Scenario Simulation of Green Space Landscape Pattern in Harbin City Based on FLUS Model
Authors: Li Xue , Li Wen , Gao Yu
Published: February 2023

In this study, the change in green space in different scenarios and the index characteristics of landscape patterns were analyzed and were conducive to providing the decision basis for future green space planning in Harbin, a city in Northeast China. The FLUS model was used to predict the layout of green space, and the prediction results were analyzed and evaluated using the landscape index method. Combined with the MOP model and LINGO12.0, the objective function of economic benefit and ecological benefit was established to maximize the comprehensive benefit. As revealed by the outcome, from 2010 to 2020, the fragmentation degree of cultivated land, forest, and grassland decreased, and the overall landscape level tended to be diversified and uniform. In the status quo scenario, the cultivated land and the forest land were increased, whereas the water area and the wetland changed little, and its overall benefit was the lowest. The forest was increased by 137.46 km² in the ecological protection scenario, the largest among the three scenarios, and the overall water quality improved. In the economic development scenario, the cultivated land tended to expand rapidly, the connectivity was increased, and the area of forest was decreased by 69.19 km², and its comprehensive benefit is lower than that under the scenario of ecological protection. The sustainable development scenario achieved the most significant economic and ecological benefits, with a total income of CNY 435,860.88 million. Therefore, the future green space pattern should limit the expansion of cultivated land, maintain the spatial pattern of woodland and wetland, and enhance the protection of water area. In this study, Harbin green space was studied from different scenario perspectives, combined with landscape pattern index and multi-objective planning, which is of great significance for Harbin green space planning decisions in the future and improving comprehensive benefits.
Use of Iontophoresis with Corticosteroid in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Martin-Vega Francisco Javier , Vinolo-Gil Maria Jesus , Gonzalez-Medina Gloria , Rodríguez-Huguet Manuel , Carmona-Barrientos Inés , García-Muñoz Cristina
Published: February 2023

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is a neuropathy that affects the median nerve. The aim of this review is to synthesize the evidence and perform a meta-analysis on the effects of iontophoresis in people with carpal tunnel syndrome. Methods: The search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, CINHAL Complete, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, and SciELO. The methodological quality was evaluated using PEDro. A standardized or mean difference meta-analysis (Hedge’s g) using a random-effects model was calculated. Results: Seven randomized clinical trials using iontophoresis for electrophysiological, pain, and functional outcomes were included. The mean of PEDro was 7/10. No statistical differences were obtained for the median sensory nerve conduction velocity (SMD = −0.89; p = 0.27) or latency (SMD = −0.04; p = 0.81), motor nerve conduction velocity (SMD = −0.04; p = 0.88) or latency (SMD = −0.01; p = 0.78), pain intensity (MD = 0.34; p = 0.59), handgrip strength (MD = −0.97; p = 0.09), or pinch strength (SMD = −2.05; p = 0.06). Iontophoresis only seemed to be superior in sensory amplitude (SMD = 0.53; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Iontophoresis did not obtain an enhanced improvement compared to other interventions, but no clear recommendations could be made due to the limited number of included studies and the heterogeneity found in the assessment and intervention protocols. Further research is needed to draw sound conclusions.
Current and Future Trends in Driver Behaviour and Traffic Safety Scholarship: An African Research Agenda
Authors: Luke Rose
Published: February 2023

Road traffic accidents are strongly associated with driver behaviour. Africa, as a region, has the highest road accident fatality rate, but there is very little research dealing with this critical issue on the continent. This paper, therefore, sought to establish the state of driver behaviour and road safety scholarship in Africa to determine current research trends as well as potential future research directions. To this end, two bibliometric analyses were conducted, one which considered the issue from an African perspective and the other which considered the broader body of work. The analysis revealed a critical shortage of research related to driver behaviour in Africa. The existing body of research primarily focused on the identification of issues and tended to focus on narrow research problems within limited geographical areas. A need was identified for the collection of broader macro-level data and statistical analyses thereof to indicate regional traffic crash patterns; causes and effects; country-level studies, particularly countries with high traffic fatality rates and low levels of research; cross-country comparisons; and modelling. Future research directions should also include the link between driver behaviour, traffic safety and the sustainable developments goals, as well as policy-related research to determine current and potential future country-level policies.
Anxiety, Depression, Self-Esteem, Internet Addiction and Predictors of Cyberbullying and Cybervictimization among Female Nursing University Students: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Albikawi Zainab Fatehi
Published: February 2023

Background: Cyberbullying and cybervictimization, which have been linked to the growth of the Internet and issues with mental health, can have serious psychological and academic consequences for young individuals, yet they have received relatively little scientific attention at universities. These phenomena have become an alarming social issue due to their rising rate and devastating physical and psychological effects on undergraduate university students. Aim: to estimate the prevalence of depression, low self-esteem, cybervictimization, anxiety, cyberbullying, and Internet addiction among Saudi female nursing university students and to identify the factors that predict cybervictimization and cyberbullying. Methods: Convenience sampling was used to select 179 female nursing university students with an average age of 20.80 ± 1.62 years for the purpose of conducting a descriptive cross-sectional study. Results: The percentage of students who reported having low self-esteem was 19.55%, depression (30.17%), Internet addiction (49.16%), anxiety (34.64%), cyberbullying (20.67%), and cybervictimization (17.32%). There was an inverse relationship between students’ self-esteem and their risk of engaging in cyberbullying (AOR = 0.782, 95% CI: 0.830–0.950, p = 0.002) or becoming cybervictims (AOR = 0.840, 95% CI: 0.810–0.920, p < 0.001). Further, Internet addiction predicted both cyberbullying (AOR = 1.028, 95% CI: 1.012–1.049, p = 0.003) and cybervictimization (AOR = 1.027, 95% CI: 1.010–1.042, p < 0.001). The likelihood of experiencing anxiety was linked to cyberbullying (AOR = 1.047, 95% CI: 1.031–1.139, p < 0.001) and cybervictimization (AOR = 1.042, 95% CI: 1.030–1.066, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Importantly, the findings suggest that programs designed to help university students avoid participating in cyberbullying activities or becoming cybervictims should take into account the influence of Internet addiction, mental health issues, and self-esteem.
Strong Correlations between Social Appearance Anxiety, Use of Social Media, and Feelings of Loneliness in Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Papapanou Triada Konstantina , Darviri Christina , Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina , Tigani Xanthi , Michou Maria , Vlachakis Dimitrios , Chrousos George P. , Bacopoulou Flora
Published: February 2023

Social appearance anxiety is a type of social anxiety that is associated with body image perception and exacerbated by the use of social media, leading to feelings of loneliness. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the relations between social appearance anxiety, use of social media, and feelings of loneliness in Greek adolescents and young adults. The sample of the research consisted of 632 participants, 439 women (69.5%) and 193 men (30.5%), aged 18–35 years. The Social Appearance Anxiety Scale (SAAS), the Social Media Disorder Scale (SMDS), and the UCLA Loneliness Scale were the instruments used. Data collection was performed online, via Google forms. Multiple regression analyses were performed and demonstrated a significant positive correlation between the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and the UCLA Loneliness Scale scores. The feeling of loneliness was predicted by the social appearance anxiety score (p < 0.0001). On the other hand, there was a significant negative correlation between the Social Appearance Anxiety Scale and the Social Media Disorder Scale scores (p = 0.002), suggesting that social media use may exacerbate appearance anxiety and, hence, loneliness. The findings suggest that there may be a complex, vicious reverberatory cycle between appearance anxiety, use of social media, and feelings of loneliness in some young people.
The Role of Graphic Design Semiotics in Environmental Awareness Campaigns
Authors: Vallverdu-Gordi Marc , Marine-Roig Estela
Published: February 2023

This work aims to explore the usefulness of graphic design in awareness campaigns promoting sustainable tourist destinations and to identify their contribution to the success of the campaigns in terms of their generating increased protection of the natural and socioeconomic resources of the destination. The study applies semiotics to the field of social marketing to build a conceptual model that relates the graphic design of a campaign to public environmental awareness, and to the destination’s preservation. In order to test the conceptual model, the campaign “Que la montagne est belle!” of the “Parc Naturel Régional des Pyrénées catalanes” in the French Pyrenees is taken as a case study for analysis, as it aims to preserve the park’s natural environment and pastoral activities. The data are analysed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique (PLS-SEM), and the results are studied for different segments of the sample. The findings show that the graphic design semiotics influence public environmental awareness and destination preservation by generating in the audience a sensitive, emotional, and cognitive reaction towards the campaign. This innovative framework on graphic design can be adapted to other branding or marketing campaigns to improve destination images.
The Causal Effects of Urban-to-Urban Migration on Left-behind Children’s Well-Being in China
Authors: Lu Nan , Lu Wenting , Chen Renxing , Tang Wanzhi
Published: February 2023

As China’s urbanization process deepens, more and more residents of small and medium-sized cities are moving to large cities, and the number of left-behind children is increasing. In this paper, using data from the China Education Panel Survey (CEPS), a nationally representative survey sample, we examine the well-being of left-behind children with urban household registration at the junior high school level and the causal effects of parental migration on their well-being. Research findings indicate that children who are left behind in urban areas are at a disadvantage in most aspects of their well-being compared to urban non-left-behind children. We examine the determinants of urban household registration for left-behind children. Children in families with lower socioeconomic status, more siblings, and poorer health were more likely to be left behind. In addition, our counterfactual framework reveals that, on average, staying behind negatively impacts the well-being of urban children, based on the propensity score matching (PSM) method. Compared to non-migrant children, left-behind children had significantly lower physical health, mental health, cognitive ability, academic performance, school affiliation, and relationships with their parents.
Dissolved Oxygen and Water Temperature Drive Vertical Spatiotemporal Variation of Phytoplankton Community: Evidence from the Largest Diversion Water Source Area
Authors: Cui Zhenzhen , Gao Wanli , Li Yuying , Wang Wanping , Wang Hongtian , Liu Han , Fan Panpan , Fohrer Nicola , Wu Naicheng
Published: February 2023

In order to study the vertical distribution characteristics of phytoplankton in the Danjiangkou Reservoir, the water source of the Middle Route Project of the South-North Water Diversion, seven sampling sites were set up in the Reservoir for quarterly sampling from 2017 to 2019, and water environment surveys were conducted simultaneously. The results showed that 157 species (including varieties) were identified, belonging to 9 phyla and 88 genera. In terms of species richness, Chlorophyta had the largest number of species, accounting for 39.49% of the total species. The Bacillariophyta and Cyanobacteria accounted for 28.03% and 13.38% of the total species, respectively. From the whole Danjiangkou Reservoir, the total phytoplankton abundance varied from 0.09 × 102 to 20.01 × 106 cells/L. In the vertical distribution, phytoplankton were mainly observed in the surface–thermospheric layer (I–II layer) and the bottom layer, while the Shannon–Wiener index showed a trend of gradually decreasing from the I–V layer. The Surfer model analysis showed that there was no significant stratification in the Q site’s water temperature (WT) and dissolved oxygen (DO) levels in the water diversion area during the dynamic water diversion process. A canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) showed that DO, WT, pH, electrical conductivity (Cond), chemical oxygen demand (CODMn), total phosphorus (TP), ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total nitrogen (TN) had significant effects on the vertical distribution of phytoplankton (p < 0.05). A partial Mantel analysis showed that the vertical distribution of the phytoplankton community was related to WT, and the phytoplankton community structure at the other sites, except for Heijizui (H) and Langhekou (L), was affected by DO. This study has positive significance for exploring the vertical distribution characteristics of a phytoplankton community in a deep-water dynamic water diversion reservoir.
Variable Resistance—An Efficient Method to Generate Muscle Potentiation: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Huerta Ojeda Álvaro , Cifuentes Zapata Claudio , Barahona-Fuentes Guillermo , Yeomans-Cabrera María-Mercedes , Chirosa-Ríos Luis Javier
Published: February 2023

Variable resistance (VR) is a methodology that has shown good results in developing muscular strength and power. However, no updated information relates to the use of VR as an activation to trigger post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE). The primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to review and qualitatively describe studies published between 2012 and 2022 that used VR to generate PAPE in muscle power-dominant sports. The secondary objective was to calculate the effect size of the different power outcomes reported in the selected studies. The search was designed following the PRISMA® guidelines for systematic reviews and meta-analyses and performed in the Web of Science (WOS), Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, and MEDLINE between 2012 and 2022. The methodological quality and risk of bias were evaluated with the Cochrane Collaboration tool. The main variables were the throwing speed, time in sprint tests, and jump height. The analysis was conducted with a pooled standardized mean difference (SMD) through a Hedges’ g test (95% CI). Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and ten in the meta-analysis, revealing a trivial effect for throwing speed (SMD = 0.06; CI = 95%: −0.23–0.35; p = 0.69), a small effect for the time in sprint tests (SMD = −0.37; CI = 95%: −0.72–−0.02; p = 0.04), and a moderate effect for jump height (SMD = 0.55; CI = 95%: 0.29–0.81; p ˂ 0.0001). All forms of VR used for neuromuscular activation effectively triggered PAPE. Specifically, the results showed that activation with VR generates performance increases in time, in sprint tests and jump height, and a trivial effect in throwing tests (speed and distance).
Social Class and Private-Sphere Green Behavior in China: The Mediating Effects of Perceived Status and Environmental Concern
Authors: Niu Long , Lu Chuntian , Fan Lijuan
Published: February 2023

Green behavior is traditionally considered as an effective way to ameliorate environmental degradation and requires an individual to make sacrifices of their social resources. However, few studies have focused on its status signaling. In this study, we draw on the theory of social class and the concept of status signaling theory to empirically investigate the effect of objective social class and perceived social status on private-sphere green behavior in China. Using national comprehensive survey data from China General Survey Data (CGSS) in 2021 subjected to ordinary least-square regression model and step regression models, we present the following results: (1) higher-class individuals, both objectively and subjectively, tend to engage in more private-sphere green behavior than their lower-class counterparts; (2) the effect of objective social class on private-sphere green behavior is mediated by individual’s perceived social status in the class hierarchy; (3) environmental concern significantly correlates with private-sphere green behavior, and it also mediates the effect between objective social class and private-sphere green behavior. The present research provides insights into how social class and its psychological manifestations (i.e., perceptions of status) correlate with private-green behavior in China. Our results suggest that more social context factors should be considered when identifying the factors promoting pro-environmental behavior in China.
Validation of Recent DSM/DEM/DBMs in Test Areas in Greece Using Spirit Leveling, GNSS, Gravity and Echo Sounding Measurements
Authors: Grigoriadis Vassilios N. , Andritsanos Vassilios D. , Natsiopoulos Dimitrios A.
Published: February 2023

Recent Digital Surface, Elevation, and Bathymetric Models (DSM/DEM/DBM) aim to provide high-resolution and accurate height and depth information needed for a variety of surveying, geodetic, geophysical, and other applications. In this study, first we aim to validate in two test areas some of the most used models, i.e., ASTER GDEM; AW3D30 DSM; Copernicus DEM; EU-DEM; GEBCO 2020; NASADEM HGT; SRTM15+ and SRTM Global, using GNSS; spirit leveling; and gravity measurements. The validation is performed along two traverses of 14.5 and 12.0 km each in Northern and Central Greece, respectively. Since these models are based on geoid heights obtained from global geopotential models, we also investigate their influence on the validation results. Next, we carry out comparisons between GEBCO 2020, SRTM15+, and the Greek Seas DTM, with depths derived from in situ coastal measurements in six different areas in Northern Greece. From the analysis, we conclude that the heights obtained from the Copernicus DEM provide the best overall results in terms of mean value and standard deviation while also showing consistent results in the two test areas. Similarly, the Greek Seas DTM shows better consistency with the measured depths in the coastal test areas.
Toward a Shigella Vaccine: Opportunities and Challenges to Fight an Antimicrobial-Resistant Pathogen
Authors: Raso Maria Michelina , Arato Vanessa , Gasperini Gianmarco , Micoli Francesca
Published: February 2023

Shigellosis causes more than 200,000 deaths worldwide and most of this burden falls on Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), with a particular incidence in children under 5 years of age. In the last decades, Shigella has become even more worrisome because of the onset of antimicrobial-resistant strains (AMR). Indeed, the WHO has listed Shigella as one of the priority pathogens for the development of new interventions. To date, there are no broadly available vaccines against shigellosis, but several candidates are being evaluated in preclinical and clinical studies, bringing to light very important data and information. With the aim to facilitate the understanding of the state-of-the-art of Shigella vaccine development, here we report what is known about Shigella epidemiology and pathogenesis with a focus on virulence factors and potential antigens for vaccine development. We discuss immunity after natural infection and immunization. In addition, we highlight the main characteristics of the different technologies that have been applied for the development of a vaccine with broad protection against Shigella.
Diagnostic Challenges and Solutions in Systemic Amyloidosis
Authors: Goldis Rivka , Kaplan Batia , Kukuy Olga (Lesya) , Arad Michael , Magen Hila , Shavit-Stein Efrat , Dori Amir , Livneh Avi
Published: February 2023

Amyloidosis refers to a clinically heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by the extracellular deposition of amyloid proteins in various tissues of the body. To date, 42 different amyloid proteins that originate from normal precursor proteins and are associated with distinct clinical forms of amyloidosis have been described. Identification of the amyloid type is essential in clinical practice, since prognosis and treatment regimens both vary according to the particular amyloid disease. However, typing of amyloid protein is often challenging, especially in the two most common forms of amyloidosis, i.e., the immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis and transthyretin amyloidosis. Diagnostic methodology is based on tissue examinations as well as on noninvasive techniques including serological and imaging studies. Tissue examinations vary depending on the tissue preparation mode, i.e., whether it is fresh-frozen or fixed, and they can be carried out by ample methodologies including immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, immunoelectron microscopy, Western blotting, and proteomic analysis. In this review, we summarize current methodological approaches used for the diagnosis of amyloidosis and discusses their utility, advantages, and limitations. Special attention is paid to the simplicity of the procedures and their availability in clinical diagnostic laboratories. Finally, we describe new methods recently developed by our team to overcome limitations existing in the standard assays used in common practice.
Advances in Ferritin Physiology and Possible Implications in Bacterial Infection
Authors: Gehrer Clemens M. , Mitterstiller Anna-Maria , Grubwieser Philipp , Meyron-Holtz Esther G. , Weiss Günter , Nairz Manfred
Published: February 2023

Due to its advantageous redox properties, iron plays an important role in the metabolism of nearly all life. However, these properties are not only a boon but also the bane of such life forms. Since labile iron results in the generation of reactive oxygen species by Fenton chemistry, iron is stored in a relatively safe form inside of ferritin. Despite the fact that the iron storage protein ferritin has been extensively researched, many of its physiological functions are hitherto unresolved. However, research regarding ferritin’s functions is gaining momentum. For example, recent major discoveries on its secretion and distribution mechanisms have been made as well as the paradigm-changing finding of intracellular compartmentalization of ferritin via interaction with nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4). In this review, we discuss established knowledge as well as these new findings and the implications they may have for host–pathogen interaction during bacterial infection.
κ-Selenocarrageenan Oligosaccharides Prepared by Deep-Sea Enzyme Alleviate Inflammatory Responses and Modulate Gut Microbiota in Ulcerative Colitis Mice
Authors: Wang Kai , Qin Ling , Cao Junhan , Zhang Liping , Liu Ming , Qu Changfeng , Miao Jinlai
Published: February 2023

κ-Selenocarrageenan (KSC) is an organic selenium (Se) polysaccharide. There has been no report of an enzyme that can degrade κ-selenocarrageenan to κ-selenocarrageenan oligosaccharides (KSCOs). This study explored an enzyme, κ-selenocarrageenase (SeCar), from deep-sea bacteria and produced heterologously in Escherichia coli, which degraded KSC to KSCOs. Chemical and spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that purified KSCOs in hydrolysates were composed mainly of selenium-galactobiose. Organic selenium foods through dietary supplementation could help regulate inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study discussed the effects of KSCOs on dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in C57BL/6 mice. The results showed that KSCOs alleviated the symptoms of UC and suppressed colonic inflammation by reducing the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and regulating the unbalanced secretion of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10). Furthermore, KSCOs treatment regulated the composition of gut microbiota, enriched the genera Bifidobacterium, Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group and Ruminococcus and inhibited Dubosiella, Turicibacter and Romboutsia. These findings proved that KSCOs obtained by enzymatic degradation could be utilized to prevent or treat UC.
Specificity Proteins (SP) and Krüppel-like Factors (KLF) in Liver Physiology and Pathology
Authors: Yerra Veera Ganesh , Drosatos Konstantinos
Published: February 2023

The liver acts as a central hub that controls several essential physiological processes ranging from metabolism to detoxification of xenobiotics. At the cellular level, these pleiotropic functions are facilitated through transcriptional regulation in hepatocytes. Defects in hepatocyte function and its transcriptional regulatory mechanisms have a detrimental influence on liver function leading to the development of hepatic diseases. In recent years, increased intake of alcohol and western diet also resulted in a significantly increasing number of people predisposed to the incidence of hepatic diseases. Liver diseases constitute one of the serious contributors to global deaths, constituting the cause of approximately two million deaths worldwide. Understanding hepatocyte transcriptional mechanisms and gene regulation is essential to delineate pathophysiology during disease progression. The current review summarizes the contribution of a family of zinc finger family transcription factors, named specificity protein (SP) and Krüppel-like factors (KLF), in physiological hepatocyte functions, as well as how they are involved in the onset and development of hepatic diseases.
Assessment of Lab4P Probiotic Effects on Cognition in 3xTg-AD Alzheimer’s Disease Model Mice and the SH-SY5Y Neuronal Cell Line
Authors: Webberley Thomas S. , Bevan Ryan J. , Kerry-Smith Joshua , Dally Jordanna , Michael Daryn R. , Thomas Sophie , Rees Meg , Morgan James E. , Marchesi Julian R. , Good Mark A. , Plummer Sue F. , Wang Duolao , Hughes Timothy R.
Published: February 2023

Aging and metabolic syndrome are associated with neurodegenerative pathologies including Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and there is growing interest in the prophylactic potential of probiotic bacteria in this area. In this study, we assessed the neuroprotective potential of the Lab4P probiotic consortium in both age and metabolically challenged 3xTg-AD mice and in human SH-SY5Y cell culture models of neurodegeneration. In mice, supplementation prevented disease-associated deteriorations in novel object recognition, hippocampal neurone spine density (particularly thin spines) and mRNA expression in hippocampal tissue implying an anti-inflammatory impact of the probiotic, more notably in the metabolically challenged setting. In differentiated human SH-SY5Y neurones challenged with β-Amyloid, probiotic metabolites elicited a neuroprotective capability. Taken together, the results highlight Lab4P as a potential neuroprotective agent and provide compelling support for additional studies in animal models of other neurodegenerative conditions and human studies.
DNA Alkylation Damage by Nitrosamines and Relevant DNA Repair Pathways
Authors: Fahrer Jörg , Christmann Markus
Published: February 2023

Nitrosamines occur widespread in food, drinking water, cosmetics, as well as tobacco smoke and can arise endogenously. More recently, nitrosamines have been detected as impurities in various drugs. This is of particular concern as nitrosamines are alkylating agents that are genotoxic and carcinogenic. We first summarize the current knowledge on the different sources and chemical nature of alkylating agents with a focus on relevant nitrosamines. Subsequently, we present the major DNA alkylation adducts induced by nitrosamines upon their metabolic activation by CYP450 monooxygenases. We then describe the DNA repair pathways engaged by the various DNA alkylation adducts, which include base excision repair, direct damage reversal by MGMT and ALKBH, as well as nucleotide excision repair. Their roles in the protection against the genotoxic and carcinogenic effects of nitrosamines are highlighted. Finally, we address DNA translesion synthesis as a DNA damage tolerance mechanism relevant to DNA alkylation adducts.
Clinical Significance and Tumor Microenvironment Characterization of a Novel Immune-Related Gene Signature in Bladder Cancer
Authors: Wang Zhaohui , Wang Tao , Wu Gangfeng , Zhu Lei , Zhang Jian
Published: February 2023

Cancer immunotherapy plays a crucial role in bladder cancer (BC) progression. Increasing evidence has elucidated the clinicopathologic significance of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in predicting outcomes and therapeutic efficacy. This study sought to establish a comprehensive analysis of the immune-gene signature combined with TME to assist in BC prognosis. We selected sixteen immune-related genes (IRGs) after a weighted gene co-expression network and survival analysis. Enrichment analysis revealed that these IRGs were actively involved in Mitophagy and Renin secretion pathways. After multivariable COX analysis, the IRGPI comprising NCAM1, CNTN1, PTGIS, ADRB3, and ANLN was established to predict the overall survival of BC, which was validated in both TCGA and GSE13507 cohorts. In addition, a TME gene signature was developed for molecular and prognosis subtyping with unsupervised clustering, followed by a panoramic landscape characterization of BC. In summary, the IRGPI model developed in our study provided a valuable tool with an improved prognosis for BC.
White Spot Lesions (WSLs)—Post-Orthodontic Occurrence, Management and Treatment Alternatives: A Narrative Review
Authors: Lazar Luminita , Vlasa Alexandru , Beresescu Liana , Bud Anamaria , Lazar Ana Petra , Matei Larisa , Bud Eugen
Published: February 2023

Although treatment with fixed or mobile appliances has become an important part of modern orthodontics, side effects such as white spot lesions (WSLs) have a negative impact on the aesthetic outcome of orthodontic treatment. The purpose of this article was to review current evidence on the diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, management and post-orthodontic treatment of these lesions. Data collection was performed electronically, and the initial search using the keywords “white spot lesions”, “orthodontics”, “WSL”, “enamel” and “demineralization” in different combinations resulted in 1032 articles for the two electronic databases used. Ultimately, a total of 47 manuscripts were considered relevant to the aim of this research and included in this review. The results of the review indicate that WSLs remain a significant problem during orthodontic treatment. According to studies in the literature, the severity of WSLs correlates to the duration of treatment. Using toothpaste with more than 1000 ppm fluoride at home reduces the frequency of WSL separation and regular application of varnishes in the office reduces the frequency of the occurrence of WSLs only in the context of maintaining a strict hygiene regime. The old hypothesis that elastomeric ligatures retain more dental plaque than metal ones has been refuted. There are no differences in the appearance of WSLs between conventional brackets and self-ligating brackets. Clear aligner mobile devices develop fewer WSLs but are more extensive as opposed to conventional fixed devices, while lingual orthodontic appliances have a lower incidence of WSLs, and the most effective device for preventing these lesions is WIN, followed by Incognito.
Precision Bariatric/Metabolic Medicine and Surgery
Authors: Genser Laurent , Thabut Dominique , Aron-Wisnewsky Judith
Published: February 2023

Indications and techniques of bariatric surgery (BS) have constantly evolved in recent decades and now face new challenges [...]
Challenges in the Complex Management of Neglected Cutaneous Melanomas in the Head and Neck Area: A Single Center Experience
Authors: Lázár Péter , Molnár Edit Tóth , Bende Balázs , Vass Gábor , Baltás Eszter , Paczona Róbert , Varga Erika , Piffkó József , Kemény Lajos , Oláh Judit , Kis Erika Gabriella
Published: February 2023

Familiar controversies in the management of head and neck melanomas are more remarkable in locally advanced cases, and they represent a treatment challenge both surgically and oncologically. In our retrospective study, patients with surgically treated primary malignant melanoma of the head and neck region larger than 3 cm in diameter were included. Five patients met our inclusion criteria. In all cases, wide excision and immediate reconstruction were performed without sentinel lymph node biopsy. The defect on the scalp was covered by a split skin graft, with local flaps chosen for reconstruction on the face on an individual basis. After a 2–6 year follow-up, a good oncological, functional, and esthetic result was achieved. Our results show that in the case of large, locally advanced melanomas, surgical treatment still plays a crucial role that can provide long-term local control and support the effect of systemic treatment.
Increasing Number of Cases Due to Candida auris in North Italy, July 2019–December 2022
Authors: Sticchi Camilla , Raso Roberto , Ferrara Lorenza , Vecchi Elena , Ferrero Loredana , Filippi Daniela , Finotto Giuseppe , Frassinelli Elena , Silvestre Carlo , Zozzoli Susanna , Ambretti Simone , Diegoli Giuseppe , Gagliotti Carlo , Moro Maria Luisa , Ricchizzi Enrico , Tumietto Fabio , Russo Francesca , Tonon Michele , Maraglino Francesco , Rezza Giovanni , Sabbatucci Michela
Published: February 2023

Candida auris is an emerging fungus that represents a serious health threat globally. In Italy, the first case was detected in July 2019. Then, one case was reported to the Ministry of Health (MoH) on January 2020. Nine months later, a huge number of cases were reported in northern Italy. Overall, 361 cases were detected in 17 healthcare facilities between July 2019 and December 2022 in the Liguria, Piedmont, Emilia-Romagna, and Veneto regions, including 146 (40.4%) deaths. The majority of cases (91.8%) were considered as colonised. Only one had a history of travel abroad. Microbiological data on seven isolates showed that all but one strain (85.7%) were resistant to fluconazole. All the environmental samples tested negative. Weekly screening of contacts was performed by the healthcare facilities. Infection prevention and control (IPC) measures were applied locally. The MoH nominated a National Reference Laboratory to characterise C. auris isolates and store the strains. In 2021, Italy posted two messages through the Epidemic Intelligence Information System (EPIS) to inform on the cases. On February 2022, a rapid risk assessment indicated a high risk for further spread within Italy, but a low risk of spread to other countries.
Diagnostic Image Quality of a Low-Field (0.55T) Knee MRI Protocol Using Deep Learning Image Reconstruction Compared with a Standard (1.5T) Knee MRI Protocol
Authors: Lopez Schmidt Ingo , Haag Nina , Shahzadi Iram , Frohwein Lynn Johann , Schneider Claus , Niehoff Julius Henning , Kroeger Jan Robert , Borggrefe Jan , Moenninghoff Christoph
Published: February 2023

Objectives: Low-field MRI at 0.55 Tesla (T) with deep learning image reconstruction has recently become commercially available. The objective of this study was to evaluate the image quality and diagnostic reliability of knee MRI performed at 0.55T compared with 1.5T. Methods: A total of 20 volunteers (9 female, 11 male; mean age = 42 years) underwent knee MRI on a 0.55T system (MAGNETOM Free.Max, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; 12-channel Contour M Coil) and a 1.5T scanner (MAGNETOM Sola, Siemens Healthcare, Erlangen, Germany; 18-channel transmit/receive knee coil). Standard two-dimensional (2D) turbo spin echo (TSE), fat-suppressed (fs) proton density-weighted (PDw), T1w TSE, and T2w TSE sequences were acquired in approximately 15 min. In total, 2 radiologists blinded to the field strength subjectively assessed all MRI sequences (overall image quality, image noise, and diagnostic quality) using a 5-point Likert scale (1–5; 5 = best). Additionally, both radiologists evaluated the possible pathologies of menisci, ligaments, and cartilage. Contrast ratios (CRs) of different tissues (bone, cartilage, and menisci) were determined on coronal PDw fs TSE images. The statistical analysis included Cohen’s kappa and the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Results: The overall image quality of the 0.55T T2w, T1w, and PDw fs TSE sequences was diagnostic and rated similar for T1w (p > 0.05), but lower for PDw fs TSE and T2w TSE compared with 1.5T (p < 0.05). The diagnostic accordance of meniscal and cartilage pathologies at 0.55T was similar to 1.5T. The CRs of the tissues were not significantly different between 1.5T and 0.55T (p > 0.05). The inter-observer agreement of the subjective image quality was generally fair between both readers and almost perfect for the pathologies. Conclusions: Deep learning-reconstructed TSE imaging at 0.55T yielded diagnostic image quality for knee MRI compared with standard 1.5T MRI. The diagnostic performance of meniscal and cartilage pathologies was equal for 0.55T and 1.5T without a significant loss of diagnostic information.
A Numerical Simulation of Internal Wave Propagation on a Continental Slope and Its Influence on Sediment Transport
Authors: Zang Zhipeng , Zhang Yiping , Chen Tongqing , Xie Botao , Zou Xing , Li Zhichuan
Published: February 2023

Significant current velocity near the sea bottom can be induced by internal waves, even for water a few hundred meters in depth. In this study, a nonhydrostatic ocean model was applied to simulate the generation and propagation of internal waves on the continental slope of the northern SCS. Based on the analyses of the vertical profiles of the currents, the propagation of internal waves along the continental slope can be categorized into six modes. The bed shear stress and the bedload transport were calculated to analyze the general characteristics of sediment transport along the continental slope of the northern SCS. Generally, there was no sediment transport on the sea bottom induced by the internal waves when the water depth was deeper than 650 m or shallower than 80 m. The downslope sediment transport dominated the slope at a water depth range of 200~650 m, while the upslope sediment transport dominated the slope at a water depth range of 80~200 m. The predicted directions of the bedload transport are coincident with the field observations of sand wave migration on the continental slope, which further confirms that the main cause of the generation and formation of sand waves on the continental slope of the northern SCS is the strong bottom current induced by the shoaling process of internal waves.
Adsorptive Treatment of Residues on Macroporous Adsorbent for Marine Fuel Production Scheme on Refinery
Authors: Iuzmukhametova Renata , Boldushevskii Roman , Shmelkova Olga , Khamzin Yunir , Minaev Artem , Nikulshin Pavel
Published: February 2023

Adsorptive treatment using granulated macroporous Al2O3-SiO2 adsorbent is proposed as a preliminary stage for residue pretreatment in refineries. The study evaluates the adsorptive treatment of atmospheric and visbreaking residue at 485–510 °C and 1 h−1 feed rate, resulting in a total liquid product yield of about 73.0–75.0 wt%, coke on the sorbent of 12.6–18.3 wt%, demetallization exceeding 98%, and a reduction in carbon residue of 65–72%. The paper also discusses the role of feed dilution with light gasoil, process temperature, and feed rate in optimizing the adsorptive treatment process. The high coke content on the adsorbent necessitates its regeneration, which is shown to be complete at temperatures up to 750 °C. Regeneration decreases macropore size and volume but does not significantly impact demetallization. The pretreated residual product has low viscosity and is further processed through hydrotreatment in a fixed-bed unit to produce low-sulfur marine fuel. The hydrotreated atmospheric residue meets the requirements for RMA 10 fuel, with a sulfur content lower than 0.1 wt%.
Multiple Injections of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Hyaluronic Acid for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Current Evidence in Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Li Shang , Xing Fei , Yan Tongtong , Zhang Siya , Chen Fengchao
Published: February 2023

In recent years, various clinical trials have focused on treating knee osteoarthritis (KOA) with multiple injections of platelet-rich plasma (PRP). However, compared with the multiple hyaluronic acid (m-HA) injections, the clinical efficacy of multiple PRP (m-PRP) injections for KOA still remains controversial among these studies. Therefore, we aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of m-PRP injections with m-HA injections in the treatment of KOA in this systematic review. Relevant clinical trials were searched via bibliographic databases, including Medline, PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, to compare the m-PRP and m-HA injections in the treatment of KOA. Finally, fourteen randomized controlled trials, including 1512 patients, showed the postoperative VAS, WOMAC, IKDC, or EQ-VAS scores and were enrolled in this systematic review. Compared with the group of intra-articular m-HA injections, the group of intra-articular m-PRP injections was lower in the VAS scores at 3-month (WMD = −0.25; 95%CI, −0.40 to −0.10, p = 0.0009) and 12-month (WMD = −0.64; 95%CI, −0.79 to −0.49, p < 0.00001) follow-ups. In addition, the group of intra-articular m-PRP injections was also lower in the WOMAC scores at 1-month (WMD = −1.23; 95%CI, −2.17 to −0.29, p = 0.01), 3-month (WMD = −5.34; 95%CI, −10.41 to −0.27, p = 0.04), 6-month (WMD = −11.02; 95%CI, −18.09 to −3.95, p = 0.002), and 12-month (WMD = −7.69; 95%CI, −12.86 to −2.52, p = 0.004) follow-ups. Furthermore, compared with the group of intra-articular m-HA injections, the group of intra-articular m-PRP injections was higher in the IKDC scores at 3-month (WMD = 7.45; 95%CI, 2.50 to 12.40, p = 0.003) and 6-month (WMD = 5.06; 95%CI, 1.94 to 8.18, p = 0.001) follow-ups. However, the long-term adverse side of m-PRP injections for KOA still needs more large-scale trials and long-term follow-ups.
How to Measure Foot Self-Care? A Methodological Review of Instruments
Authors: Sipilä Jenni , Mäkelä Anne-Marie , Hyytiä Sasu , Stolt Minna
Published: February 2023

Foot self-care is an important element of caring for and promoting foot health. However, little is known about the validity and reliability of existing foot self-care instruments. The purpose of this review is to describe and analyze the focus, content, and psychometric evidence of existing instruments for measuring foot self-care. A methodological review of three international scientific databases—Medline (PubMed), CINAHL (Ebsco), and Embase—was conducted in May 2022. The search produced 3520 hits, of which 53 studies were included in the final analysis based on a two-phase selection process. A total of 31 instruments were identified, of which six were observed to have been used more than once. Subsequently, the methodological quality of these six instruments was evaluated. It is noted that although a considerable variety of instruments are used in measuring foot self-care, only a small proportion are used consistently. In general, the psychometric testing instruments seem to primarily focus on analyzing content validity and homogeneity. In the future, comprehensive testing of instrument psychometrics could enhance the cumulative evidence of the methodological quality of these instruments. Furthermore, researchers and clinicians can use the information in this review to make informed choices when selecting an instrument for their purposes.