bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Temperature tests of cells - uncertainty considerations
Authors: Darie Marius , Marcu Marius , Colda Cosmin , Andriș Adriana , Ionascu Marian-Emanuel
Published: January 2024

The paper presents the estimation of the uncertainty in the measurement of the maximum surface temperature of voltaic cells exposed to specific tests for the type of intrinsic safety protection. For this purpose, equivalent test conditions using the short-circuit test stand are considered. In the first part, the risk of explosion is presented and it is mentioned that the risk of explosion arises due to the presence of technical equipment in areas where flammable substances may be present. In the second part, the requirements for testing cells are briefly presented. It also introduces the configuration of the stand used for testing. The third part of the paper was devoted to presenting and discussing the results obtained. The analysis of the test results revealed that the measurement uncertainty depends on the test conditions and the application of the temperature sensors. This result would help estimate the surface temperature of cells considering the favorable conditions in terms of minimum uncertainty.
Assessment of the throwing effect of material fragments resulting from the detonation of explosive materials
Authors: Vasilescu Gabriel Dragos , Radeanu Cristian , Tatarcan Anca-Cristina , Andreica Madalin , Tudor Denisa
Published: January 2024

The modelling of the throw effect of material fragments following the detonation of explosive materials with a harmful effect on the human component and/or nearby industrial/civil targets is based on the quantification of the impact of the throwing speed and mass of the material fragments. Models developed to generate trajectory calculations for ranges of mass, launch angles and launch velocity based on Monte Carlo simulations are sensitive to the predetermined ranges assigned to each trajectory variable, requiring long time intervals to run the simulations at the time of analysis and IT resources to match. Following the production of an explosion-type event, thousands of individual fragments characterized by their own mass and velocity parameters can be generated, resulting individual energy values that can be taken into account in a quantitative risk assessment, by grouping them into ten distinct classes, thus: Class 1st represents fragments with the highest kinetic energy and/or mass, and class 10th represents fragments with the lowest kinetic energy and/or mass. The paper will highlight the ten distinct classes of the kinetic energy parameter, with the maximum, average and minimum values for each class, as well as the average mass for each detached fragment associated with the energy classes.
The Influence of the Exploitation of the XIV Horizon on the Stability of the Cantacuzino Mine - Slănic Prahova Saline
Authors: Postolachi Bogdan , Marina Ovidiu , Marian Dacian-Paul , Onica Ilie
Published: January 2024

Salina Slănic Prahova continued its activity, during the period 1993-219, through the exploitation of the Cantacuzino mine, with rooms and square pillars of 16 m x16 m and 18 m x 18 m, on 7 overstory levels, with a height of 16 m, during which 4 964 880 tonnes of rock salt were exploited. Over time, some ceilings between the levels, with a thickness of 8 m, began to crack, which required the monitoring of their movements through topographical methods. Although the exploitation of the Cantacuzino mine has ended, the last three levels are used for technical purposes. Therefore, the stability analysis of the resistance structures was imposed, under the conditions of mining with rooms and pillars of the XIV horizon, located at +145m elevation. Between the last horizon from the Cantacuzino Mine and the XIV horizon, a 40 m crown pillar was designed. Analysis of the state of stresses and strains, respectively of the influence of voids resulting from the extraction of horizon XIV on the Cantacuzino Mine was realized by numerical modeling with finite differences, in elasto-plasticity, using FLAC 3D software.
The risk of explosion during the transport and storage of liquid fuels
Authors: Paraian Mihaela , Radu Ancuta Mirela
Published: January 2024

When transporting and storing liquid fuels, explosive atmospheres can form which, under certain conditions, can be initiated with different sources, of which static electricity has proven to be the source of ignition in many cases of fires and explosions that have occurred.

As a result of the environmental regulatory requirements to reduce the noxes emitted by diesel engines, the oil industry introduced into production fuels with ultra-low sulfur content (ULSD Ultra Low Sulfur Diesel), clean burning diesel, and low sulfur content (LSD Low Sulfur Diesel). The new types of fuels present a greater risk of explosion than fuels with a high sulfur content because they have other explosive characteristics and are electrostatically charged much more easily.

The paper presents some aspects regarding the risk of explosions during the transport and storage of liquid fuels with the highlighting of additional risks in the case of ULSD

Also, the paper highlights the factors that must be taken into account when establishing the technical and organizational measures that must be taken to prevent ignition and that must be implemented in the work procedures of manufacturers, suppliers, transporters and users of ULSD.
The Importance of using the High Voltage Pulse Generator in the Certification Process of Electric Motors with the type of Protection Increased Safety used in Potentially Explosive Atmosphere
Authors: Fotău Dragoş , Sălășan Diana , Păsculescu Dragoș , Lazăr Teodora
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this paper is to present the importance of the specific tests for electric motors with type of protection increased safety „e” designed to be used in explosive atmosphere.

This paper presents the voltage impulse ignition test applicable to electric motors with increased safety protection type.

Due to the fact that electric motors with type of protection Increased Safety, whose supply voltage exceeds 1000 V, presents a high risk of sparks occurring in windings, it is necessary to perform tests to verify that the insulation of the windings is adequate and does not lead to electric discharge (through electric springs or sparks) at winding levels

Evaluation of explosion-proof protected electrical equipment in scope of certification is extremely important considering the risk of explosion that has to be minimized in order to ensure life safety and health of workers and to prevent damaging of property and the environment, as well as free movement of goods when they meet the essential safety requirements at European level.

The standard SR EN 60079-0 (Explosive atmospheres Part 0: General requirements) and one or more of the standards containing the specific requirements for the type(s) of protection applied to equipment (ex. SR EN 60079-7 for the type of protection increased safety “e”), are used to perform the assessment.
Ignition risk assessment to the non-electrical equipment from hydrogen production, storage, transport and use facilities
Authors: Jurca Adrian Marius , Păun Florin Adrian , Popa Mihai Cătălin
Published: January 2024

The goal of integrated explosion safety is a concept that was developed to prevent the formation of explosive atmospheres as well as sources of ignition and, in the event that an explosion does take place, to immediately stop to it and/or to limit the damage it causes. Ignition of explosive atmospheres by non-electrical equipment occurs when energy supplied by equipment used for processing or conveying of material is converted into heat, usually as the result of a mechanical failure of the equipment or associated systems.

In light of this fact, the manufacturer has a responsibility to take precautions with regard to the potential ignition sources. In addition, the non-electrical equipment must be designed and manufactured after a thorough analysis of the possible operating faults. This is done in order to prevent potentially dangerous situations as much as possible by taking into account any misuse that can be anticipated in a reasonable manner.

The most important aspect of the ignition hazard assessment for the non-electrical equipment is the identification of the probable ignition sources. The paper shows the methodology of the ignition hazard assessment for the non-electrical equipment intended for use in potentially explosive atmospheres.
The influence of the conditions of use of the protective clothing on its mechanical and comfort characteristics
Authors: Badea Daniel Onuț , Poruschi Florentina
Published: January 2024

Protective clothing is used in many work environments, indoors or outdoors. In the case of outdoor use, in particular, the problem arises if it still maintains certain levels of performance regarding the mechanical resistance and comfort characteristics in the situation where it is soaked with an excess of moisture due to perspiration while working at above temperatures. 300C, in the context of current climate changes. The idea of such a study is an original idea, considering the hot periods of recent years and the observations received from users who request articles of protective clothing that are as comfortable as possible. The study proposes that on a first series of 5 materials used to make protective clothing for welders or electricians, who by the nature of the activity work indoors, as well as in the outdoor environment, attempts should be made to determine the tear resistance and some parameters which give some indications regarding the comfort of the users (permeability to water vapor and permeability to air) in different humidity conditions of the tested sample.
Dynamics of the standardization process for explosive atmospheres
Authors: Andriș Adriana , Burian Sorin
Published: January 2024

This paper presents an overview of the standardization activity in the field of explosive atmospheres both at the national and international level, as well as the evolution of this activity in different areas related to these explosive atmospheres. In the first part of the paper, the aspects regarding explosion risk, explosion prevention and protection, classification of explosive atmospheres, as well as factors influencing explosion protection are briefly presented. In the second part of the paper, the context of standardization at the national level is presented together with the reference institutions in the field of standardization for or in relation to explosive atmospheres. On this occasion, the international institutions that administer the standards that have an impact in the field of regulations for explosive atmospheres at the national level are also presented. In the last part of the paper, the analysis carried out for several representative standards in the field of explosion protection is presented, from the point of view of the significant changes made in the current edition compared to the previous edition.
Combating the effects of methane accumulations and reducing the impact on the environment
Authors: Ianc Nicolae , Tomescu Cristian
Published: January 2024

Methane gas accompanies all coal deposits. Methane gas was formed over the years through the process of anaerobic transformation of plant material, at very high temperatures and pressures without the supply of oxygen.

The extractive industry is characterized by specific working conditions imposed by the natural peculiarities as well as by the character of the production process. The ventilation of mining operations is carried out mechanically, by upward air currents, under the depression created by fans mounted at of the shafts.

With the expansion of mining operations horizontally and their descent vertically, the regime of gas releases increased and the methods of combating methane solely by the ventilation system became difficult. Capturing and draining methane on the surface using central degassing stations has proven to be an effective means of combating gases.

Methane released into the atmosphere has a double ecological impact, it participates in the destruction of the ozone layer and accentuates the greenhouse effect.
Rock splitting with pyrotechnic compositions and secondary propellants
Authors: Shishkov Petar , Stoycheva Nadezhda , Penev Vladimir
Published: January 2024

In some cases of resources extraction, as well as in construction at industrial and urbanized territories, commercial explosives are not safe enough for the surroundings with regard to the generated fly-rocks, air-blast, toxic fumes, seismic waves and vibrations. The main reasons for these harmful impacts of explosion are the velocity and the mechanism of the chemical reaction of explosive decomposition. The authors shifted the focus of their researches from detonating explosives to high-speed combusting energetic materials. The production of low explosive non-detonating mixtures from long-term stored smokeless gunpowders and ammonium nitrate prills in different configurations, and popular pyrolant compositions were studied. The samples of different cartridge casings, filled with non-detonating propellant mixtures or pyrotechnic compositions were examined by two methods - for velocity of propagation and by field tests. It was made investigations for application of waste single-base-powders and double-base-powders for obtaining non-detonating explosive cartridges, suitable in dimension stone mining, as well as in blasting activities at tender and complicated conditions.
Research on Factors Influencing Professional Selection of Mine Rescuers
Authors: Gireada Andrei , Pupazan Daniel , Irimia Alin
Published: January 2024

High variation of efforts in the rescue activity entails very difficult demands in nature or intensity, but however limited they may be in the work process, they have an impact on the whole body. The predominance of body functions that are engaged in a professional activity, imprints the characteristics of work capacity. Thus, in the work capacity of underground personnel, whose activity requires a predominant physical effort, a main role is played by the locomotor apparatus and the kinaesthetic analyser and only secondarily by the visual and optical analysers. In the activity of rescue in toxic/explosive/flammable environments, physical and neuro-psychological demands intertwine and combine in an infinite number of variants. The paper will present the work capacity of the rescuers which is determined by a large number of factors: physiological factors, psychological factors, work environment and socio-economic factors.
Development of lignite open pits - challenges and solutions
Authors: Lazar Maria , Faur Florin , Apostu Izabela-Maria , Moisuc-Hojda Daniel , Fissgus Klaus
Published: January 2024

Before 1990, the problem of spatial development of lignite open pits was solved from the design phase, considering the fact that there were no restrictions related to land expropriation. The need for lignite in the energy sector justified any costs related to expropriation, demolition and environmental restoration. After the appearance of the legislation regarding the right to property on the land, major difficulties arose regarding the expropriation and compensation of the owners, and the lignite exploitation activity in open pits was often blocked either by the refusal of the owners or by the high prices demanded by them. Added to these difficulties are the ever-increasing costs related to environmental protection and the ecological restoration of degraded lands and ecosystems. In these conditions, it is necessary to find some solutions for the advance of the lignite open pits, so that the economic efficiency of the exploitation is maintained within acceptable limits. The paper presents such a situation and the solutions for the advancement of the open pit, in order to continue the supply of lignite to the thermal power plant it serves.
A New Research Approach Regarding the Storage of Different Gaseous Products Under Pressure in The Eligible Romanian Salt Caverns
Authors: Popescu Sorin , Radu Sorin-Mihai , Dinescu Stela , Vlăducă Iulian , Obreja Ana-Maria
Published: January 2024

The paper analyzes the technical and safety factors for the storage of different gaseous products (air, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, methan gas, etc.), in the eligible salt caverns from Romania, especially in the compact salt caverns created by dillution process. This new approach to research and project results, will be an important contribution to the evaluation of large-scale storage capacities in Romania and is necessary for decision-makers to consider these technologies as some of the most appropriate in terms of risks. Especially was studied the geological and lithological diagrams and colected data from the conserved salt mines in order to analyze the storage conditions. The paper analized the Slanic river area, a Trotus tributarry, where disollution method was well implemented, near Targu Ocna town, Bacau County, Romania. The mining area is located near a well-known industrial center for chemical processing, Borzesti Chemical Works, with a great interes in the gas storage facilities. The storage of different gases implies different technologies for gas compression and gas transportation, this beeing in the near future a new challenge for research for reducing greenhouse gas emissions, according to the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development.
Prediction of structural deformations in a research stand for the study of hydrogen explosions
Authors: Tuhut Ligia Ioana , Florea Gheorghe Daniel , Simon-Marinica Bogdan-Adrian
Published: January 2024

Along with the development of facilities that employ hydrogen in many aspects such as hydrogen production, storage systems, fueling stations, and so on, it is critical to understand the features of this gas, particularly those affecting the explosive qualities. Researchers can create advanced modeling approaches, risk assessment procedures, and safety standards to lessen the potential impact of accidents by researching the behavior of hydrogen explosions. The present paper deals with the design of a stand intended for hydrogen explosion experimentation, anticipating the possible values of the explosion overpressures to which the stand structure is subjected. To approximate these values, a computer simulation of the hydrogen explosion was carried out in the virtual environment, in two stages. The explosive process was first simulated in a strictly fluid environment, with overpressure values at the domain's limits being recorded. The values of the explosion overpressures from the first stage were taken in the second stage and applied to the surfaces where the fluid and solid environments came into contact, ultimately yielding the potential deformations of the stand construction. The map of the resulting deformations becomes a point of reference in the design of the stand considering, first of all, its safe use.
Salt exploitation by dissolution – an alternative method to reduce post-closure risks
Authors: Moisuc-Hojda Daniel , Lazar Maria , Faur Florin , Apostu Izabela-Maria
Published: January 2024

During the last century, the mine closure frequency had significantly increased, therefore important environmental issues affect the public safety and the sustainable development process of the mining areas. The customary method of salt exploitation by dissolution uses the flooding of the formed caverns as the last step of the exploitation, which permanently isolates the caverns. In this case the rock-mass equilibrium inside the cavern changes, calamities such as seismicity, subsidence and collapse occasionally occur. Quite a few times, human settlements, civil buildings or industrial constructions located at the surface are affected. The present paper discusses adopting an alternative salt exploitation method by dissolution which offers the possibility to extract the entire salt deposit. This allows monitoring the stability factors linked to the exploitation process - the collapse that will occur as monitored represents the latter part of the method. It finally offers the opportunity to reclaim the water surface formed as a sustainable development goal and to reduce the long-term risks for calamities.
Occupational health and safety risk management in the field of laboratory medicine
Authors: Lanchava Omar , Gugeshashvili Sophio
Published: January 2024

The right to life and health of employees is a fundamental right, and the employer is obliged to create safe working conditions. Specifically, ensuring the safest and healthiest working environment for employees is crucial for their well-being and safety. The aim of this article is to assess problematic aspects related to the protection and management of occupational health and safety in the sphere of laboratory medicine. It specifically addresses the evaluation of potential biological, chemical, radiological, and physical hazards in the field of laboratory medicine, their management mechanisms, and preventive measures implemented for risk assessment.
Computer-aided design at the tailings dump – Livezeni colliery
Authors: Florea Adrian , Lorint Csaba , Danciu Ciprian , Marchis Diana , Bogdanffy Lorand
Published: January 2024

Livezeni is one of the few active remaining collieries from Jiu Valley, in the Meridional Carpathian Mountains. Mining waste facilities classification is introduced according to Romanian technical prescription PT-C 39. Preliminary geotechnical studies on the basement rocks and the waste material are necessary to define the maximum height and the slope angle for ensuring the stability of the waste dump. The first step supposes modeling the morphology of the area based on various information sources. The decision on the shape and geometry of the dump could be taken according to various geotechnical, technological, legal and economic aspects involved, based on analysis done on the digital terrain model. A computerized design process allows the possibility to analyze several variants in less time and ensure results that are more accurate and useful in the later stage of building and remediation of the area. This process is illustrated on the waste dump Livezeni.
Post-Mining Risk Management and multi-hazard approaches, methodology and application
Authors: Al Heib Marwan , Degas Marie , Lecomte Amélie , Franck Christian
Published: January 2024

After intensively exploiting the mineral resources of its subsoil for several centuries, French mining sites have gradually closed. The “post-mining” of a site mine is concerned by many hazards which can occur such as: ground movement phenomena (subsidence, collapses), rising gas, irreversible disruptions in underground water circulation induced by mining can potentially cause disturbances, both in terms of water circulation patterns (Flooding in low areas, disruption of waterway flows) and water quality (pollution). The multi-hazards assessment methodology consists of four steps: the identification and the assessment of the singles hazards, the identification of the potential hazard interactions, the identification of the level and the consequences of the interactions and the finally the adjustment and the mapping of the hazard interaction. The matrix tool and interaction organigrams are used to identify the potential interactions. The paper presents the methodology for the interaction between two main hazards: flooding and ground movement. The interaction methodology was applied on two case studies: shallow chalk mine and deep coal mine (France). The results demonstrate the importance of multi-hazard assessment. This analysis depends on the quality and the quantity of existing data for carrying out the multi-hazard assessment.
Using calculus to slow the spread of infectious disease
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: January 2024

Fractional calculus model provides insight into the efficacy of various control factors to advise public health officials in controlling the spread of the mpox infection.
Enhancing solar cell efficiency: Investigation of high-performance lead-based perovskite-on-silicon (PVK–Si) tandem solar cells through design and numerical analysis
Authors: Mondol Nibir , Islam Kazi Siamul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Das Sajal K.
Published: January 2024

Perovskite solar cells have pulled off a level of conversion efficiency comparable to other well-established photovoltaics, such as silicon and cadmium telluride. Organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials are one of the most appealing and imminent options for developing high performance and cost-effective photovoltaic cells. In this simulation-based research, a highly efficient 2-terminal perovskite-on-silicon (PVK–Si) tandem configuration has been proposed with improved stability and significant cost savings. Initially, the MAPbI3 based perovskite top cell with 1.57 eV bandgap is tested with several distinct hole transport materials (HTMs) and electron transport materials (ETMs), four each. Spiro-OMeTAD as HTM and C60 as ETM are the best performing materials and employed in final top cell configuration to have a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.05%. The systems for tandem configuration are experimented after setting the layers of individual top and bottom sub-cells to optimized thicknesses. The thicknesses of both top and bottom absorber layer are adjusted to find out the current matching point. The tandem configuration exhibits optimized thicknesses of 250 nm and 150 µm for top and bottom sub-cells, respectively. Performance evaluation of the top cell involves standard AM 1.5G solar spectrum illumination at a 250 nm absorber thickness, while the bottom cell’s performance is assessed using top cell filtered spectrum. The simulated tandem configuration composed of IZO/C60/MAPbI3/spiro-OMeTAD/n-nc-SiOx/n-c-Si/P+ Si showed a champion PCE of 35.31% with a fill factor of 79.46% and open-circuit voltage of 2.12 V. These findings signify substantial advancements in the field of PVK-Si tandem photovoltaic cells, marking a significant stride toward potential commercial applications.
A predisposed motor bias shapes individuality in vocal learning
Authors: Toji Noriyuki , Sawai Azusa , Wang Hongdi , Ji Yu , Sugioka Rintaro , Go Yasuhiro , Wada Kazuhiro
Published: January 2024

The development of individuality during learned behavior is a common trait observed across animal species; however, the underlying biological mechanisms remain understood. Similar to human speech, songbirds develop individually unique songs with species-specific traits through vocal learning. In this study, we investigate the developmental and molecular mechanisms underlying individuality in vocal learning by utilizing F
1
hybrid songbirds (
Taeniopygia guttata
cross with
Taeniopygia bichenovii
), taking an integrating approach combining experimentally controlled systematic song tutoring, unbiased discriminant analysis of song features, and single-cell transcriptomics. When tutoring with songs from both parental species, F
1
hybrid individuals exhibit evident diversity in their acquired songs. Approximately 30% of F
1
hybrids selectively learn either song of the two parental species, while others develop merged songs that combine traits from both species. Vocal acoustic biases during vocal babbling initially appear as individual differences in songs among F
1
juveniles and are maintained through the sensitive period of song vocal learning. These vocal acoustic biases emerge independently of the initial auditory experience of hearing the biological father’s and passive tutored songs. We identify individual differences in transcriptional signatures in a subset of cell types, including the glutamatergic neurons projecting from the cortical vocal output nucleus to the hypoglossal nuclei, which are associated with variations of vocal acoustic features. These findings suggest that a genetically predisposed vocal motor bias serves as the initial origin of individual variation in vocal learning, influencing learning constraints and preferences.
A Permutation Entropy analysis to determine significant daily intervals to improve risk stratification tasks from COVID patients
Authors: Valdez Zayd Isaac , Díaz Luz Alexandra , Vizcardo Cornejo Miguel , Ravelo-García Antonio G
Published: January 2024

SARS-CoV-2 infection has a wide range of clinical manifestations making its diagnosis difficult, which is an important problem to solve. We evaluated heart rate data extracted from the Stanford University database. The data set considers heart rate and step records of 118 patients, where 90 correspond to healthy individuals and 28 patients with COVID. Each daily record was divided into 5-minute segments, providing 288 data per patient. The date of symptom onset was considered as a reference point to extract subsets of data whose variability was considerable, such as 30 days before the date and 30 days after it. Each of the 60 segments of 288 data per patient was treated using Permutation Entropy, Approximate Entropy, Spectral Entropy and Singular Value Decomposition Entropy. The average of the data from each group was used to construct the circadian profiles which were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon test, determining the most relevant 5-minute segments, whose p-value was less than 0.05. In this way, the Spectral Entropy was discarded as it did not show any significantly different segment. The efficiency of the method was reflected in the performance of a logistic model for binary classification proposed in this work, which reflected an accuracy of 94.12% in the PE case, 88% in the ApEn case and 94% in the SVDE case. The proposed analysis turns out to be highly efficient when detecting significant segments that allow improving the classification tasks carried out by Machine Learning models, which provides a basis for the study of statistics such as entropy to delimit databases and improve the performance of classifier models.
Adenanthos species (Proteaceae) in phosphorus-impoverished environments use a variety of phosphorus-acquisition strategies and achieve high-phosphorus-use efficiency
Authors: Shen Qi , Ranathunge Kosala , Lambers Hans , Finnegan Patrick M
Published: January 2024

Background and Aims

Soils in south-western Australia are severely phosphorus (P) impoverished, and plants in this region have evolved a variety of P-acquisition strategies. Phosphorus acquisition by Adenanthos cygnorum (Proteaceae) is facilitated by P-mobilizing neighbours which allows it to extend its range of habitats. However, we do not know if other Adenanthos species also exhibit a strategy based on facilitation for P acquisition in P-impoverished environments.

Methods

We collected leaf and soil samples of Adenanthosbarbiger, A. cuneatus, A.meisneri,A. obovatus, A. sericeus and Adenanthos sp. Whicher Range (G.J. Keighery 9736) growing in their natural habitats at different locations within the severely P-limited megadiverse environment of south-western Australia. Hydroponic experiments were conducted to collect the carboxylates exuded by cluster roots. Pot experiments in soil were carried out to measure rhizosheath phosphatase activity.

Key Results

We found no evidence for facilitation of P uptake in any of the studied Adenanthos species. Like most Proteaceae, A. cuneatus, A. meisneri, A. obovatus, A. sericeus and Adenanthos sp. Whicher Range (G.J. Keighery 9736) expressed P-mining strategies, including the formation of cluster roots. Cluster roots of A. obovatus were less effective than those of the other four Adenanthos species. In contrast to what is known for most Proteaceae, we found no cluster roots for A. barbiger. This species probably expressed a post-fire P-acquisition strategy. All Adenanthos species used P highly efficiently for photosynthesis, like other Proteaceae in similar natural habitats.

Conclusions

Adenanthos is the first genus of Proteaceae found to express multiple P-acquisition strategies. The diversity of P-acquisition strategies in these Proteaceae, coupled with similarly diverse strategies in Fabaceae and Myrtaceae, demonstrates that caution is needed in making family- or genus-wide extrapolations about the strategies exhibited in severely P-impoverished megadiverse ecosystems.
Patient-reported Outcomes Utilizing the BREAST-Q Questionnaire After Breast-Conserving Surgery With and Without Oncoplastic Breast Surgery: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Panayi Adriana C , Knoedler Samuel , Knoedler Leonard , Tapking Christian , Hundeshagen Gabriel , Diehm Yannick F , Fischer Sebastian , Thamm Oliver C , Kneser Ulrich , Haug Valentin
Published: January 2024

Oncoplastic breast surgery (OBS) arose to decrease the deformity following breast-conserving surgery (BCS) for breast cancer. In this meta-analysis (MA), we pool BREAST-Q questionnaire data to compare quality of life (QOL) in breast cancer patients who received BCS alone or in combination with level I or II oncoplastic breast surgery (BCS + OBS). All relevant databases were searched following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) and QUOROM (Quality of Reporting of Meta-Analyses) guidelines. All prospective or retrospective studies with a BCS or BCS + OBS cohort that reported QOL as assessed with the BREAST-Q questionnaire were eligible. Fifty-five studies (75 distinct patient cohorts; 11,186 patients) were included in the MA, with 12 studies reporting both preoperative and postoperative values and eligible for a pair-wise MA. The pair-wise MA showed a significant postoperative improvement in the overall satisfaction with the breast (mean difference [MD] +8.0%, P = .003) and in the psychosocial well-being (MD +9.2%, 3.5-14.8, P = .001) of the entire cohort (BCS and BCS + OBS). A subgroup MA of proportions highlighted a superiority of BCS + OBS to BCS in overall satisfaction with the breast (72.0%, 68.0-76.1, vs 62.9%, 58.3-67.5; P = .02) and psychosocial well-being (78.9%, 71.5-86.4, vs 73.3%, 67.3-76.5, P = .0001). A leave-1-out sensitivity analysis confirmed the results of the pair-wise MA and the MA of proportions. Oncoplastic breast surgery effectively improves QOL and patient satisfaction based on the patient-reported outcomes assessed with the BREAST-Q questionnaire. The improvements were associated with acceptable complication rates, further supporting BCS followed by OBS when mastectomy would otherwise be necessary.

Level of Evidence: 3
Buzzes are used as signals of aggressive intent in Darwin’s finches
Authors: Akçay Çağlar , Colombelli-Négrel Diane , Kleindorfer Sonia
Published: January 2024

Signals of aggression may potentially reduce the fitness costs of conflict during agonistic interactions if they are honest. Here we examined whether the ‘buzz’ vocalization in two species of Darwin’s finches, the small tree finch, Camarhynchus parvulus, and the critically endangered medium tree finch, C. pauper, found in Floreana Island, Galápagos Archipelago, is a signal of aggression. Specifically, we assessed three criteria for aggressive signalling (context, predictive, and response criteria) in an observational study and a playback experiment. In the observational study, buzzes by the resident male were more common when an intruder was present on the territory in medium tree finches but not small tree finches (context criterion). In the playback experiment, buzzes increased during and after a simulated intrusion for both species (context criterion). Buzzes before the playback period predicted aggressive responses by males (predictive criterion) but buzzes during playback did not. Finally, both species responded more strongly to playbacks of conspecific buzzes compared to conspecific songs and heterospecific buzzes (response criterion). Together the results support the aggressive signal hypothesis for buzz vocalizations, although future studies are needed to understand the evolution and development of this interesting signal.
Giant coronary aneurysm in a toddler with Kawasaki disease: technical challenges in CT coronary angiography
Authors: Chan Yan Hei , Young Catherine Yee Man , Wang Ki , So Enoch C T , Chu Winnie C W
Published: January 2024

Kawasaki disease is the most common vasculitis causing acquired coronary artery aneurysm (CAA) and affects mostly children. Computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) has unique diagnostic and prognostic values in cases of giant CAA. Here, we report technical challenges encountered when performed CTCA for a case of Kawasaki disease complicated with giant CAA. In particular, there was significant flow alteration caused by the giant CAA(s) causing suboptimal enhancement when the standard protocol was applied. We share our experience in optimizing the scan and propose the use of either manual bolus tracking or test bolus technique in similar scenarios, as well as multidisciplinary approach to optimize patient preparation.
A case of metastatic lymphoepithelial carcinoma of parotid gland identified on 68gallium DOTA-[Tyr3] octreotate PET CT
Authors: Low Han Chung , Loke Kelvin Siu Hoong , Wang Fu Qiang , Han Shuting , Jain Amit , Yeong Joe , Nei Wen Long
Published: January 2024

The authors present the case of a 59-year-old lady diagnosed with lymphoepithelial carcinoma (LEC) of the left parotid gland. The primary tumour was identified using contrast-enhanced CT, and diagnosis was confirmed via fine needle aspiration cytology and immunohistochemistry. Staging using fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose PET CT revealed regional nodal metastases, while no distant metastasis was evident. Following radical radiotherapy, a favourable locoregional response was observed on MRI, yet the patient's plasma Epstein-Barr virus load continued to rise. Given her primary tumour’s somatostatin receptor type 2 (SSTR2) positivity, gallium-68 DOTA-[Tyr3] octreotate PET CT (68Ga-DOTATATE PET CT) was performed, revealing multiple distant metastases with DOTATATE avidity. Despite attempts at palliative chemotherapy and immunotherapy, disease progression led to the decision for the best supportive care. The unique presentation of metastatic LEC on 68Ga-DOTATATE PET CT suggests a potential role for SSTR2-targeted imaging in diagnosis and management.
Radiotherapy dose escalation using pre-treatment diffusion-weighted imaging in locally advanced rectal cancer: a planning study
Authors: Hearn Nathan , Leppien Alexandria , O’Connor Patrick , Cahill Katelyn , Atwell Daisy , Vignarajah Dinesh , Min Myo
Published: January 2024

Objectives

Diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) may provide biologically relevant target volumes for dose-escalated radiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). This planning study assessed the dosimetric feasibility of delivering hypofractionated boost treatment to intra-tumoural regions of restricted diffusion prior to conventional long-course radiotherapy.

Methods

Ten patients previously treated with curative-intent standard long-course radiotherapy (50 Gy/25#) were re-planned. Boost target volumes (BTVs) were delineated semi-automatically using 40th centile intra-tumoural apparent diffusion coefficient value with expansions (anteroposterior 11 mm, transverse 7 mm, craniocaudal 13 mm). Biased-dosed combined plans consisted of a single-fraction volumetric modulated arc therapy flattening-filter-free (VMAT-FFF) boost (phase 1) of 5, 7, or 10 Gy before long-course VMAT (phase 2). Phase 1 plans were assessed with reference to stereotactic conformality and deliverability measures. Combined plans were evaluated with reference to standard long-course therapy dose constraints.

Results

Phase 1 BTV dose targets at 5/7/10 Gy were met in all instances. Conformality constraints were met with only 1 minor violation at 5 and 7 Gy. All phase 1 and combined phase 1 + 2 plans passed patient-specific quality assurance. Combined phase 1 + 2 plans generally met organ-at-risk dose constraints. Exceptions included high-dose spillage to bladder and large bowel, predominantly in cases where previously administered, clinically acceptable non-boosted plans also could not meet constraints.

Conclusions

Targeted upfront LARC radiotherapy dose escalation to DWI-defined is feasible with appropriate patient selection and preparation.

Advances in knowledge

This is the first study to evaluate the feasibility of DWI-targeted upfront radiotherapy boost in LARC. This work will inform an upcoming clinical feasibility study.
A real-world evaluation of the diagnostic accuracy of radiologists using positive predictive values verified from deep learning and natural language processing chest algorithms deployed retrospectively
Authors: Bhatia Bahadar S , Morlese John F , Yusuf Sarah , Xie Yiting , Schallhorn Bob , Gruen David
Published: January 2024

Objectives

This diagnostic study assessed the accuracy of radiologists retrospectively, using the deep learning and natural language processing chest algorithms implemented in Clinical Review version 3.2 for: pneumothorax, rib fractures in digital chest X-ray radiographs (CXR); aortic aneurysm, pulmonary nodules, emphysema, and pulmonary embolism in CT images.

Methods

The study design was double-blind (artificial intelligence [AI] algorithms and humans), retrospective, non-interventional, and at a single NHS Trust. Adult patients (≥18 years old) scheduled for CXR and CT were invited to enroll as participants through an opt-out process. Reports and images were de-identified, processed retrospectively, and AI-flagged discrepant findings were assigned to two lead radiologists, each blinded to patient identifiers and original radiologist. The radiologist’s findings for each clinical condition were tallied as a verified discrepancy (true positive) or not (false positive).

Results

The missed findings were: 0.02% rib fractures, 0.51% aortic aneurysm, 0.32% pulmonary nodules, 0.92% emphysema, and 0.28% pulmonary embolism. The positive predictive values (PPVs) were: pneumothorax (0%), rib fractures (5.6%), aortic dilatation (43.2%), pulmonary emphysema (46.0%), pulmonary embolus (11.5%), and pulmonary nodules (9.2%). The PPV for pneumothorax was nil owing to lack of available studies that were analysed for outpatient activity.

Conclusions

The number of missed findings was far less than generally predicted. The chest algorithms deployed retrospectively were a useful quality tool and AI augmented the radiologists’ workflow.

Advances in knowledge

The diagnostic accuracy of our radiologists generated missed findings of 0.02% for rib fractures CXR, 0.51% for aortic dilatation, 0.32% for pulmonary nodule, 0.92% for pulmonary emphysema, and 0.28% for pulmonary embolism for CT studies, all retrospectively evaluated with AI used as a quality tool to flag potential missed findings. It is important to account for prevalence of these chest conditions in clinical context and use appropriate clinical thresholds for decision-making, not relying solely on AI.
Right-sided iliac vein compression syndrome: when the vein is compressed between the internal and external iliac arteries—a case report
Authors: Yamanaka Tetsuo , Ishihara Tatsuhiko , Hara Toru , Ichinohe Yoshimaro , Fukatsu Toru
Published: January 2024

Background

In its normal anatomical relationship, the inferior vena cava is located on the right side of the abdominal aorta. Iliac vein compression syndrome (IVCS) is a pathological condition in which a blood clot is formed due to blood flow obstruction when the left common iliac vein is compressed between the right common iliac artery and the vertebral body. Therefore, right-sided IVCS (RIVCS) is rare. The effectiveness of treatment for RIVCS has not been sufficiently investigated.

Case summary

A 51-year-old man developed deep vein thrombosis in the right lower extremity and non-massive pulmonary embolism during steroid treatment for IgA nephropathy. Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) suggested iliac compression syndrome. Symptoms improved with the use of direct oral anticoagulants and compression stockings. At the 8-month follow-up, the clinical course was uneventful.

Discussion

The causes of RIVCS in this case are believed to be the effects of steroids, prolonged sitting, and compression of the right external iliac vein. However, considering that deep vein thrombosis did not form in the left lower limb where there was no venous compression, it can be considered that the compression of the right external iliac vein had a significant impact. This case has been followed up for 8 months with anticoagulants and is progressing well. This is the first case to report the course of RIVCS treated conservatively with anticoagulant therapy for 8 months. This case suggested that conservative treatment is effective for RIVCS.
Clinical and genetic diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia in patients undergoing coronary angiography: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study
Authors: Molnar Stefan , Scharnagl Hubert , Delgado Graciela E , Krämer Bernhard K , Laufs Ulrich , März Winfried , Kleber Marcus E , Katzmann Julius L
Published: January 2024

Aims

To investigate the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) and compare the performance of clinical criteria and genetic testing in patients undergoing coronary angiography.

Methods and results

The prevalence of FH was determined with the Dutch Lipid Clinical Network (DLCN), US ‘Make Early Diagnosis to Prevent Early Death’ (US-MEDPED), Simon Broome (SB) criteria, the ‘familial hypercholesterolaemia case ascertainment tool’ (FAMCAT), and a clinical algorithm. Genetic screening was conducted with a custom array from Affymetrix (CARRENAL array) harbouring 944 FH mutations.

The study cohort consisted of 3267 patients [78.6% with coronary artery disease (CAD)]. FH was diagnosed in 2.8%, 2.2%, 3.9%, and 7.9% using the DLCN, US-MEDPED, SB criteria, and the FAMCAT. The clinical algorithm identified the same patients as the SB criteria. Pathogenic FH mutations were found in 1.2% (1.2% in patients with CAD, 1.0% in patients without CAD). FH was more frequently diagnosed in younger patients. With genetic testing as reference, the clinical criteria achieved areas under the ROC curve [area under the curves (AUCs)] in the range of 0.56–0.68. Using only low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) corrected for statin intake, an AUC of 0.68 was achieved.

Conclusion

FH is up to four-fold more prevalent in patients undergoing coronary angiography than in contemporary cohorts representing the general population. Different clinical criteria yield substantially different diagnosis rates, overestimating the prevalence of FH compared with genetic testing. LDL-C testing alone may be sufficient to raise the suspicion of FH, which then needs to be corroborated by genetic testing.

Lay summary

In this study, we investigated the frequency of familial hypercholesterolaemia—a common genetic condition leading to markedly elevated low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and increased risk of atherosclerosis—in 3267 patients undergoing coronary angiography according to commonly used diagnostic scoring systems and genetic testing.