bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thank You to Our Peer Reviewers for 2019
Authors: Florindo Fabio , Carlton Ann Marie , D'Odorico Paolo , Duan Qingyun , Halekas Jasper S. , Mollenhauer Gesine , Rohling Eelco J.
Published: February 2020

Plain Language Summary

On behalf of the authors and readers of Reviews of Geophysics (RoG), the American Geophysical Union (AGU), and the broader scientific community, the editors wish to wholeheartedly thank those who reviewed manuscripts for RoG in 2019.
Significant out-of-sample classification from methylation profile scoring for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Nabais Marta F. , Lin Tian , Benyamin Beben , Williams Kelly L. , Garton Fleur C. , Vinkhuyzen Anna A. E. , Zhang Futao , Vallerga Costanza L. , Restuadi Restuadi , Freydenzon Anna , Zwamborn Ramona A. J. , Hop Paul J. , Robinson Matthew R. , Gratten Jacob , Visscher Peter M. , Hannon Eilis , Mill Jonathan , Brown Matthew A. , Laing Nigel G. , Mather Karen A. , Sachdev Perminder S. , Ngo Shyuan T. , Steyn Frederik J. , Wallace Leanne , Henders Anjali K. , Needham Merrilee , Veldink Jan H. , Mathers Susan , Nicholson Garth , Rowe Dominic B. , Henderson Robert D. , McCombe Pamela A. , Pamphlett Roger , Yang Jian , Blair Ian P. , McRae Allan F. , Wray Naomi R.
Published: February 2020

We conducted DNA methylation association analyses using Illumina 450K data from whole blood for an Australian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) case–control cohort (782 cases and 613 controls). Analyses used mixed linear models as implemented in the OSCA software. We found a significantly higher proportion of neutrophils in cases compared to controls which replicated in an independent cohort from the Netherlands (1159 cases and 637 controls). The OSCA MOMENT linear mixed model has been shown in simulations to best account for confounders. When combined in a methylation profile score, the 25 most-associated probes identified by MOMENT significantly classified case–control status in the Netherlands sample (area under the curve, AUC = 0.65, CI95% = [0.62–0.68], p = 8.3 × 10−22). The maximum AUC achieved was 0.69 (CI95% = [0.66–0.71], p = 4.3 × 10−34) when cell-type proportion was included in the predictor.
Click Inspired Synthesis of Novel Cinchonidine Glycoconjugates as Promising Plasmepsin Inhibitors
Authors: Mishra Nidhi , Agrahari Anand K. , Bose Priyanka , Singh Sumit K. , Singh Anoop S. , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: February 2020

Among all the malaria parasites,P. falciparumis the most predominant species which has developed drug resistance against most of the commercial anti-malarial drugs. Thus, finding a new molecule for the inhibition of enzymes ofP. falciparumis the pharmacological challenge in present era. Herein, ten novel molecules have been designed with an amalgamation of cinchonidine, carbohydrate moiety and triazole ring by utilizing copper-catalyzed click reaction of cinchonidine-derived azide and clickable glycosyl alkynes. The molecular docking of developed molecules showed promising results for plasmepsin inhibition in the form of effective binding with target proteins.
Oligomerization and characteristics of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase in Synechococcus PCC 7002
Authors: Durall Claudia , Kanchugal P. Sandesh , Selmer Maria , Lindblad Peter
Published: February 2020

Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (PEPc) is an essential enzyme in plants. A photosynthetic form is present both as dimer and tetramer in C4 and CAM metabolism. Additionally, non-photosynthetic PEPcs are also present. The single, non-photosynthetic PEPc of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechococcus PCC 7002 (Synechococcus), involved in the TCA cycle, was examined. Using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), we observed that PEPc in Synechococcus exists as both a dimer and a tetramer. This is the first demonstration of two different oligomerization states of a non-photosynthetic PEPc. High concentration of Mg2+, the substrate PEP and a combination of low concentration of Mg2+ and HCO3− induced the tetramer form of the carboxylase. Using SEC-SAXS analysis, we showed that the oligomerization state of the carboxylase is concentration dependent and that, among the available crystal structures of PEPc, the scattering profile of PEPc of Synechococcus agrees best with the structure of PEPc from Escherichia coli. In addition, the kinetics of the tetramer purified in presence of Mg2+ using SEC, and of the mixed population purified in presence of Mg2+ using a Strep-tagged column were examined. Moreover, the enzyme showed interesting allosteric regulation, being activated by succinate and inhibited by glutamine, and not affected by either malate, 2-oxoglutarate, aspartic acid or citric acid.
Application of latent class analysis in diagnosis of graft-versus-host disease by serum markers after allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Authors: Amini Maedeh , Kazemnejad Anoshirvan , Rasekhi Aliakbar , Zayeri Farid , Hajifathali Abbas , Tavakoli Farzaneh
Published: February 2020

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality in 25–70% of patients. The gold standard (GS) test to confirm the diagnosis of GVHD has some limitations. The current study was conducted to evaluate the accuracy of three serum markers in diagnosing GVHD without a GS. 94 patients who were hospitalized for allogeneic transplantation were studied. Mean levels from day of haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to discharge of serum uric acid (UA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatinine (Cr) were measured for all participants. We adapted a Bayesian latent class analysis to modelling the results of each marker and combination of markers. The Sensitivity, Specificity, and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) for LDH were as 51%, 81%, and 0.70, respectively. For UA, the Sensitivity, Specificity, and AUC were 54%, 75%, and 0.71, respectively. The estimated Sensitivity, Specificity, and AUC of Cr were 72%, 94%, and 0.86, respectively. Adjusting for covariates, the combined Sensitivity, Specificity, and AUC of the optimal marker combination were 76%, 83%, and 0.94, respectively. To conclude, our findings suggested that Cr had the strongest diagnosis power for GVHD. Moreover, the classification accuracy of the three-marker combination outperforms the other combinations.
Probing the stability and magnetic properties of magnetosome chains in freeze-dried magnetotactic bacteria
Authors: Bender Philipp , Marcano Lourdes , Orue Iñaki , Alba Venero Diego , Honecker Dirk , Fernández Barquín Luis , Muela Alicia , Fdez-Gubieda M. Luisa
Published: February 2020

Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense biosynthesize high quality magnetite nanoparticles, called magnetosomes, and arrange them into a chain that behaves like a magnetic compass.
Multimodal optical contrast agents as new tools for monitoring and tuning nanoemulsion internalisation into cancer cells. From live cell imaging to in vivo imaging of tumours
Authors: Prévot Geoffrey , Bsaibess Talia , Daniel Jonathan , Genevois Coralie , Clermont Guillaume , Sasaki Isabelle , Marais Sebastien , Couillaud Franck , Crauste-Manciet Sylvie , Blanchard-Desce Mireille
Published: February 2020

Tailor-made NIR emitting dyes were designed as multimodal optical probes.
Carbon source self-heating: ultrafast, energy-efficient and room temperature synthesis of highly fluorescent N, S-codoped carbon dots for quantitative detection of Fe(iii) ions in biological samples
Authors: Yin Honggang , Gao Die , Qiu Yan , Yi Gaoyi , Li Jun , Dong Yingying , Zhang Kailian , Xia Zhining , Fu Qifeng
Published: February 2020

A novel carbon source self-heating strategy for ultrafast, energy-efficient and scalable synthesis of highly PL N, S-codoped CDs was established and used for sensing Fe3+ in an ultra-wide range of 0.2–600 μM, with a detection limit of 0.10 μM.
A safe Li–Se battery in an ionic liquid-based electrolyte operating at 25–70 °C by using a N,S,O tri-doped mesoporous carbon host material
Authors: Mendes Tiago C. , Nguyen Cuong , Barlow Anders J. , Cherepanov Pavel V. , Forsyth Maria , Howlett Patrick C. , MacFarlane Douglas R.
Published: February 2020

A Li–Se battery based on a Se-infused N,S,O tri-doped mesoporous carbon cathode is presented. A compatible and tunable ionic liquid electrolyte is introduced and a safer and thermally stable Li–Se battery that can operate up to 70 °C is demonstrated.
Flexible potentiometric pH sensors for wearable systems
Authors: Manjakkal Libu , Dervin Saoirse , Dahiya Ravinder
Published: February 2020

This review presents recent progress, importance, requirements and future needs of wearable potentiometric pH sensors for healthcare applications.
Engineering oxygen vacancies on dendrite-like IrO2 for the oxygen evolution reaction in acidic solution
Authors: Cai Chao , Han Shaobo , Tang Yongliang
Published: February 2020

The sublayer Ir atoms and O take part in the OER in acidic solution, leading to the stretching of the lattice.
Phase behavior of AB/CD diblock copolymer blends via coarse-grained simulation
Authors: Ahmadian Iman , Peters Andrew J.
Published: February 2020

A–B/C–D diblock copolymer blends with negative χBC were investigated using DPD. Novel morphologies were found and a phase diagram produced.
Hydrophilic engineering of VOx-based nanosheets for ambient electrochemical ammonia synthesis at neutral pH
Authors: Fang Wei , Zhao Jin , Wu Tao , Huang Yinjuan , Yang Lan , Liu Chuntai , Zhang Qichun , Huang Kevin , Yan Qingyu
Published: February 2020

The enhancement in the hydrophilicity of VOx nanosheets via defect tailoring enables efficient electrochemical ammonia synthesis under ambient conditions.
Understanding the molecular mechanism of lithium deposition for practical high-energy lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Xu Nan , Li Linlin , He Yi , Tong Yang , Lu Yingying
Published: February 2020

Interaction energy between Li and the anode substrate, the diffusion barrier of Li ion near the anode substrate, and the morphology of the substrate are found to be the critical factors to achieve uniform lithium deposition.
Improvement of surface flashover in vacuum
Authors: Li Shengtao
Published: February 2020

Surface flashover of insulation systems is a basic issue in the field of high voltage and electrical insulation. To improve the surface flashover performance is of great significance for the development of advanced power transmission equipment and insulation materials. This study reviews the research progress of surface flashover in vacuum regarding to effective methods to improve the surface flashover performance in vacuum, including insulation system optimisation and material modification. The former one is beneficial to reduce the electric field distortion, and the later one is able to adjust the surface trap parameters of the material through physical and chemical methods. In addition, the ‘U‐shaped’ curve is proposed to reveal the relationship between surface flashover voltage and surface trap level, discovering the synthetic effects of surface traps on surface flashover. It is expected that the ‘U‐shaped’ curve will become a guidance to improve surface flashover performance through adjusting trap parameters. Moreover, several suggestions are made to build unified surface flashover model which is suitable to the range from high vacuum to high pressure.
Optimal dispatch scheme for DSO and prosumers by implementing three‐phase distribution locational marginal prices
Authors: Chen Jiaqi , Guo Ye , Wu Wenchuan
Published: February 2020

Since the distribution system operator (DSO) cannot directly control prosumers with controllable resources, this study proposes an optimal dispatch method of using three‐phase distribution locational marginal prices (DLMPs) as effective economic signals to incentivise prosumers' behaviours. In the proposed three‐phase DLMP model, DLMPs for active power demand, active power output and reactive power output are calculated. To alleviate the imbalance, congestions and voltage violations in active distribution networks (ADNs), the DSO and prosumers should be coordinated. The authors develop such a coordinated control scheme for the DSO and prosumers, in which the DSO generates and broadcasts three‐phase DLMPs as price signals to induce prosumers' behaviours. They prove that given the DLMPs as settlement prices, the optimal dispatch of the ADN will also maximise the surplus of prosumers. Therefore, the power output of rational prosumers will match the optimal dispatch, resulting in better operational conditions of ADNs. Then the three‐phase imbalance, congestions and voltage violations will be well reduced. Numerical tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Large‐signal model of pulsed power load for analysis of dynamic voltage and frequency
Authors: Yan Jun , Wang Jinquan , Chen Ying , Huang Kefeng , Shen Chen
Published: February 2020

The characteristics of pulsed power loads (PPLs), which contain several power electronic components, are different from the conventional RLC loads. If a PPL is directly connected to a sole power supply that has limited generation and small inertia (e.g. diesel generator), the sudden increase of energy demand could cause the huge voltage sags and the significant frequency drop upon the power supply. For this reason, this study proposes a large‐signal model of PPL for analysing the dynamic voltage and frequency during PPL deployment. The proposed model can be described by non‐linear differential‐algebraic equations and established based on the equivalent circuit of PPL and the corresponding switching functions. According to the case study, the proposed model is compared with the conventional state‐space averaged model and the time‐domain simulation, by analysing the dynamic voltage and frequency. Finally, the test results verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and demonstrate that the proposed large‐signal model would help for the study on the stability of the case‐study system as well as the interaction between the diesel generators and the PPLs.
Chaos in the switched reluctance motor drive employing digital speed and current control
Authors: Li Sen , Moallem Mehdi , Balsara Poras T. , Fahimi Babak
Published: February 2020

Adjustable speed motor drives are among the most representative types of non‐linear systems which can exhibit rich varieties of complex dynamic behaviours. This study presents the investigation of chaotic phenomena in the switched reluctance (SR) motor drive employing digital speed regulator and hysteresis current controller. For conducting stability analysis, a small signal discrete‐time model of the SR drive has been derived and analysed for a range of control parameters. The simulation results of time‐domain and frequency‐domain analysis and phase portraits of the SR drive system are also demonstrated and discussed. Two influencing factors for chaotic behaviour in the SR drive system are identified and examined in detail: the feedback delay of the speed regulator and measurement imperfection from a rotary incremental encoder. For verification, an 8/6 pole 2.3 kW SR drive is employed in experimental tests. The bifurcation diagrams of the reference signal, waveforms of phase current, and the corresponding frequency spectra are recorded and illustrated for both normal and chaotic operations, which reveal the pattern of chaos exhibited from this type of electric drive system.
Power system virtual inertia implemented by thermostatically controlled loads
Authors: Wang Zhe , Bao Yu‐Qing , Di Hui‐Fang
Published: February 2020

It can be foreseen that the modern electric power system tends to have an increasing penetration of renewable energy sources (RESs) and controllable loads under ancillary services programmes, which will cause the power system inertia reduction. For the thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) (e.g. air conditioners) have large potentials for providing ancillary services for power systems and are more flexible and cost‐efficient than traditional energy storage system, in this study, an approach of modelling power system virtual inertia (VI) by TCLs is proposed, while maintaining customers’ comfort level. Considering the TCLs’ heterogeneous characteristic and response uncertainty, a load tracking control strategy based on proportional–integral controller is proposed to preserve the performance of VI control strategy. Besides, the coefficient is put forward for the first time to quantify and analyse the conversion efficiency between kinetic energy and thermal energy. Then, the method to design based on the energy analysis is presented. Finally, some simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the control scheme.
Synthetic residential load models for smart city energy management simulations
Authors: dos Reis Fernando B. , Tonkoski Reinaldo , Hansen Timothy M.
Published: February 2020

The ability to control tens of thousands of residential electricity customers in a coordinated manner has the potential to enact system‐wide electric load changes, such as reduce congestion and peak demand, among other benefits. To quantify the potential benefits of demand‐side management and other power system simulation studies (e.g. home energy management, large‐scale residential demand response), synthetic load datasets that accurately characterise the system load are required. This study designs a combined top‐down and bottom‐up approach for modelling individual residential customers and their individual electric assets, each possessing their own characteristics, using time‐varying queueing models. The aggregation of all customer loads created by the queueing models represents a known city‐sized load curve to be used in simulation studies. The three presented residential queueing load models use only publicly available data. An open‐source Python tool to allow researchers to generate residential load data for their studies is also provided. The simulation results presented consider the ComEd region (utility company from Chicago, IL) and demonstrate the characteristics of the three proposed residential queueing load models, the impact of the choice of model parameters, and scalability performance of the Python tool.
Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction Using Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Comparison of Volume-Time Curves Derived from Long- and Short-Axis Cine Steady-State Free Precession Datasets
Authors: Schaafs Lars-Arne , Wyschkon Sebastian , Elgeti Matthias , Nagel Sebastian Niko , Knebel Fabian , Steffen Ingo G. , Makowski Marcus R. , Hamm Bernd , Elgeti Thomas
Published: February 2020

Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic performance of diastolic function parameters derived from long-axis (LAX) planimetry compared with short-axis (SAX) volumetry in cardiac magnetic resonance imaging.

Materials and Methods Cine steady-state free precession (SSFP) datasets of 15 healthy participants (8 young and 7 middle aged) and 25 patients with echocardiographically proven diastolic dysfunction (9 mild, 9 moderate, and 7 severe) were retrospectively included. Volume-time curves for assessing left ventricular (LV) function were obtained by manually contouring the LV endocardial borders in SAX and LAX datasets. The time needed for contouring was recorded for each dataset. The following LV parameters were determined: end-diastolic volume (EDV), end-systolic volume (ESV), ejection fraction (EF), myocardial mass (MM), time to peak filling rate (TPFR), normalized peak filling rate (nPFR), and the ratio of early to late peak filling rate (E/A ratio). A Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare subgroups based on age and severity of diastolic dysfunction for statistical differences. Intraclass correlation coefficients were used to assess intermethod and interobserver reliability.

Results Accuracy for the diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction was highest for E/A (mild diastolic dysfunction) and nPFR (any stage of diastolic dysfunction) derived from LAX datasets (E/A: area under the curve (AUC) = 0.97, sensitivity of 68 % and specificity of 100 %; nPFR: AUC = 0.84, sensitivity of 84 % and specificity of 80 %). Diastolic parameters showed a moderate to good intraclass correlation between both methods. The mean differences in EDV, ESV, EF, and MM were 5.3 ml, 1.9 ml, 3.5 %, and 11 g, respectively (each p < 0.001). Significantly less time was needed to derive volume-time curves from LAX images (median 14:45 min, interquartile range 14:15–15:53 min versus median 29:25 min, interquartile range 28:12–32:22 min; p = 0.001). The interobserver reliability was generally good to excellent.

Conclusion Diastolic function parameters derived from left ventricular LAX planimetry have high diagnostic performance and can be obtained in significantly less time compared with SAX volumetry. These findings may pave the way for routine use of LAX planimetry in the clinical diagnosis of diastolic dysfunction.

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Citation Format
Der Lipödemschmerz und seine Folgen auf die Lebensqualität betroffener Patientinnen – Ergebnisse einer Patientenbefragung mittels Schmerzfragebogen
Authors: Gensior Matthias H.L. , Cornely Manuel
Published: February 2020

Bei 640 Patientinnen einer Fachklinik für operative Lymphologie erfolgte mittels Fragebogen der Deutschen Schmerzgesellschaft e. V. eine Befragung. Neben Fragen zum Schmerz und zur Schmerzcharakteristik wurden gleichzeitig noch demografische Daten miterhoben. Es ergab sich, dass nur bei etwas über 50 % eine echte Adipositas nachgewiesen werden konnte. Lipödem und Adipositas müssen als unabhängige Krankheitsbilder gewertet werden. Der Schmerz wurde überwiegend als drückend und ziehend empfunden. Attribute wie klopfend oder pochend, passend zu einer akuten Entzündung, erfuhren die Wertung „nicht zutreffend“. Die Beschwerdesymptomatik war unabhängig vom BMI, der bei der Lipohyperplasie dolorosa nur bedingt verwertbar ist. Insgesamt ist das Leitsymptom „Schmerz“ sehr facettenreich, das angeborene, nicht erworbene Lipödemfett der Extremitäten führt zu einer deutlichen Beeinträchtigung der Aktivitäten sowohl allgemein als auch im Freizeitbereich. Die durch den G-BA initiierte Studie muss daher kritisch gesehen werden. Da bislang keine objektivierbaren Befunde beim Lipödem erhoben werden können, ist eine subtile Befragung betroffener Patientinnen zur Diagnosestellung notwendig.
Lumbar Canal Stenosis: A Prospective Clinicoradiologic Analysis
Authors: Jain Nikhil , Acharya Shankar , Adsul Nitin Maruti , Haritwal Mukesh Kumar , Kumar Manoj , Chahal Rupinder Singh , Kalra Kashmiri Lal
Published: February 2020

Background Although spinal canal narrowing is thought to be the defining feature for the clinical diagnosis of lumbar canal stenosis, the degree of spinal canal stenosis necessary to elicit neurologic symptoms is not clear. Several studies have been performed to detect an association between a narrow spinal canal and clinical symptoms. Through our prospective study, we compared the radiologic criteria with the clinical criteria using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and assessed how they correlate.

Materials and Methods We used the qualitative grading (morphological classification system on magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) system, dural sac cross-sectional area (DSCA), and sedimentation sign on MRI images and compared them with the Self-Paced Walking Ability (Self-Paced Walking Test) and ODI of the patients in the study. The systems were applied to 85 patients divided into three groups: group A: 43 patients with neurogenic claudication and able to walk < 30 minutes; group B: 11 patients with neurogenic claudication and able to walk > 30 minutes; and group C: 31 patients with simple back pain and no signs of neurologic claudication.

Results The mean ODI was 21.19 in group C, 46.50 in group B, and 61.95 in group A. The difference was statistically significant. The mean DSCA was 164.42 mm2 in group C, 49.94 mm2 in group B, and 35.07 mm2 in group A. The difference was statistically significant. The sedimentation sign was negative in 96.8% patients in group C, 54.5% patients in group B, and 32.6% patients in group A. The difference was statistically significant. Group C had 9.3% patients in morphology grade A3, 51.6% in grade A2, and 38.7% patients in grade A1. Group B had 63.6% patients in grade C, 18.2% patients in grade B, 9.1% in grade A4, and 9.1% in grade A3. Group A had 18.6% patients in grade D, 39.5% in grade C, 27.9% in grade B, 11.6% in grade A4, and 2.3% in grade A3. The mean DSCA of group C was significantly different from group A and group B, but the difference of the mean DSCA between group A and group B was not statistically significant. The relationship of ODI to DSCA, ODI to sedimentation sign, and ODI to morphological grading for group C and group A was not statistically significant. The relationship of morphological grading to DSCA was statistically significant for all three groups.

Conclusion DSCA, morphological grading, and sedimentation sign are good to excellent radiologic indicators differentiating patients with simple back pain from those with lumbar spinal stenosis. Clinically, ODI is an excellent indicator of the severity of stenosis. But ODI statistically has no significant correlation to any of these radiologic parameters.
Predisposição familiar para rotura do manguito rotador e outras tendinopatias – Um estudo de caso-controle
Authors: Assunção Jorge Henrique , Tenrreiro Breno Faria , Gracitelli Mauro Emilio Conforto , Malavolta Eduardo Angeli , Ferreira Neto Arnaldo Amado
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Avaliar as prevalências de antecedente familiar de rotura do manguito e de tendinopatia em outras articulações em pacientes com rotura do manguito rotador e compará-las com controles pareados. Estimar a razão de chances de uma rotura do manguito rotador para estes dois fatores de risco.

Métodos Realizamos um estudo de caso-controle comparando pacientes submetidos ao tratamento para rotura do manguito rotador com controles assintomáticos. Todos os casos e controles foram avaliados por exames de imagem e pareados por idade (±2 anos) e sexo. Realizamos uma entrevista utilizando um questionário padronizado, e coletamos dados referentes a vários fatores de risco.

Resultados Avaliamos 144 pacientes, 72 por grupo. Os pacientes com rotura do manguito rotador relataram, em maior número, a presença de familiares consanguíneos que realizaram tratamento para a mesma doença e de lesões tendíneas em outras articulações em relação aos indivíduos controles (p = 0,005 e p = 0,045, respectivamente). Indivíduos com antecedente familiar de tratamento para rotura do manguito rotador ou com tendinopatias em outras articulações tiveram maior probabilidade de apresentar rotura do manguito rotador, com razões de chances de 3,3 (intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%] = 1,4–7,7) e 2,7 (IC95% = 1,1–6,9), respectivamente.

Conclusões Os pacientes com rotura do manguito rotador têm maior prevalência de familiares com a mesma doença e de tendinopatias ou lesões tendíneas em outras articulações. A presença de familiares consanguíneos com tratamento para rotura do manguito rotador e tendinopatias em outras articulações são fatores de risco para presença de roturas do manguito rotador.
Lesão do tendão do músculo supraespinal e sua relação com a lesão do tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps
Authors: Carvalho Cassiano Diniz , Cohen Carina , Belangero Paulo Santoro , Pochini Alberto de Castro , Andreoli Carlos Vicente , Ejnisman Benno
Published: February 2020

Objetivo Identificar a correlação clínica, radiológica, e artroscópica das lesões do tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps e sua influência na dor do paciente quando associada às lesões do manguito rotador.

Métodos Entre abril e dezembro de 2013, foram avaliados 50 pacientes, sendo 38 (76%) do sexo feminino e 12 (24%) do sexo masculino, com idade média de 65,1 anos. Os pacientes foram operados pelo Grupo de Ombro e Cotovelo da Disciplina de Medicina Esportiva do Departamento de Ortopedia e Traumatologia da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Os indivíduos foram submetidos a reparo da lesão do manguito rotador com evidência clínica, radiológica e/ou artroscópica de acometimento do tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps.

Resultados Observou-se associação entre dor à palpação do sulco intertubercular do úmero com lesão parcial de alto grau (ruptura parcial acometendo mais de 50% do tendão) na artroscopia (p = 0,003). Encontramos ainda uma associação entre a lesão de alto grau da cabeça longa do bíceps e a lesão do tendão do músculo supraespinal (p < 0,05), sendo que, para cada centímetro de lesão do tendão do músculo supraespinal, o paciente apresenta probabilidade 1,7 maior de ter uma lesão de alto grau da cabeça longa do bíceps.

Conclusão A dor na região anterior do ombro à palpação do sulco intertubercular do úmero pode estar relacionada às lesões de alto grau da cabeça longa do bíceps. A lesão do manguito rotador e o seu tamanho são fatores de risco para lesão de alto grau do tendão da cabeça longa do bíceps.
Optical emission spectroscopy of helium helps deduce plasma electron density and temperature
Authors: Liebendorfer Adam
Published: February 2020

Applying a collisional radiative model to line emissions provide estimates that agree with Thompson scattering when radiation trapping is accounted for.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae positivity in clients presenting as asymptomatic contacts of gonorrhoea at a sexual health centre
Authors: Qian Sue , Foster Rosalind , Bourne Christopher , Vickers Tobias , McIver Ruthy , McNulty Anna
Published: February 2020

Background Previous guidelines at the Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) recommended empirical antibiotic treatment for asymptomatic contacts of Neisseria gonorrhoeae at the time of testing. With increasing concerns around gonorrhoea antibiotic resistance, it has been suggested that asymptomatic contacts should only be treated based on test results. Methods: This retrospective study of data from the SSHC electronic medical record included a total of 295 gonorrhoea contacts from 1 January 2018 to 30 June 2018. The primary outcome was the proportion of asymptomatic gonorrhoea contacts with a positive gonorrhoea result from any anatomical site. Statistically significant differences in gonorrhoea positivity according to gender, sexual preference, use of PrEP, sex worker status, country of birth, preferred language and number of partners, were calculated using Fisher’s exact test. Results: The overall proportion of asymptomatic gonorrhoea contacts with a positive gonorrhoea result was 27.1% (95% CI: 22.1–32.6%). The proportion of gonorrhoea positivity was significantly higher in females compared to males (52.0% vs 25.7%, P < 0.01), gay and bisexual men compared to heterosexual men (28.7% vs 0%, P < 0.01) and non-users of PrEP compared to PrEP users (31.2% vs 12.5%, P < 0.05). No statistically significant differences in gonorrhoea positivity were found in subgroups divided by sex worker status, country of birth, preferred language and number of partners. Conclusion: The relatively low gonorrhoea positivity rate (27.1%) in asymptomatic gonorrhoea contacts at the SSHC between January and June 2018 supports guideline changes to no longer provide empirical antibiotic treatment to asymptomatic contacts.
r-Epenthesis and the bigrade alternation
Authors: de Chene Brent
Published: February 2020

For Japanese verbal suffixes sensitive to the C/V status of the stem-final segment, C-stem alternants are underlying, and regular V-stem alternants result from intervocalic epenthesis of r at stem boundary (de Chene 2016). This “Analysis A” entails that any V-stem suffix not consisting of r plus its C-stem counterpart is irregular and subject to replacement. While the r-Epenthesis rule of Analysis A is naturally understood as a generalization of the r-zero alternation of three suffixes that have shown it since the eighth century, however, the innovative r-initial suffixes of other categories do not appear until the eighteenth. This lag is illuminated by the dialects of Kyūshū, where adoption of Analysis A is blocked by the “bigrade” stem alternation, which in most dialects was leveled in the seventeenth century. Building on a discussion of leveling that treats that phenomenon as a subtype of regularization, it is proposed in explanation of this “bigrade blocking” effect that the order in which alternations become subject to regularization is constrained by the phonological distance between alternants. Investigation of the possibility that the bigrade alternation and Analysis A are related by a triggering effect as well as by a blocking effect then leads to an account of the adoption of Analysis A that, similarly, relies crucially on the concept of phonological distance. Throughout, the focus is on the role of language-internal factors in determining the timing of analogical change.
Attitudes towards elastic language in Australian online healthcare information
Authors: Zhang Grace , Tseng Ming-Yu
Published: February 2020

Based on questionnaire data in response to six excerpts of Australian online health information, this study
investigates university students’ attitudes towards elastic language (EL). The findings show that averaging all six cases a
neutral attitude is found, with no strong preference for EL or non-EL. This indicates that it is unnecessary to deliberately use
more or less EL – the key is to use EL appropriately when and where it is needed. Examining the reasons for participants’ choices,
we identify ten frames. Often the same EL generated positive and negative comments: a phenomenon that can be explained in terms of
two sides of a frame. The findings may help healthcare professionals to deliver medical information in ways most accessible to the
public and to find effective ways of communicating uncertainty. A ‘one fits all’ rule for language use does not exist, and instead
multiple standards guide our use of it.
Russia and the United States in the Caucasus: cooperation and competition
Authors: Markedonov Sergey M. , Suchkov Maxim A.
Published: February 2020

Today, the Caucasus region receives much less attention among scholars and decision-makers than a few years ago. Eurasian security studies are currently dominated by the coverage of the armed conflict in east Ukraine and the turbulence in the Middle East. The South Caucasus, however, remains rather unstable due to its geopolitical fragility. As Russia and the United States (US) find themselves in the midst of the most severe crisis in their relations since the end of the Cold War, their relationship in this sensitive part of Eurasia deserves every attention. While looking in this paper at the bilateral relations between Moscow and Washington in the Caucasus region, the authors seek to avoid framing the present state of the relationship as a second edition of the Cold War. Instead, the basic reasons for disagreements between Russia and the US in the Caucasus since the dissolution of the USSR are critically examined. The authors also aim to explain specific reasons driving Russia’s and the US’ respective engagements in regional security issues. They also focus on similarities and specifics of the US and Russian policies vis-à-vis regional ethno-political conflict resolution processes in Abkhazia, South Ossetia and Nagorno-Karabakh.
Negative differential resistance effect of blue phosphorene-graphene heterostructure device
Authors: Zhu Si-Cong , Hu Tie-Yi , Wu Kai-Ming , Lam Chi-Hang , Yao Kai-Lun , Sun Hua-Rui , Yip Cho-Tung
Published: February 2020

We report on the electrical transport properties of new graphene/blue phosphorene heterostructure devices by density functional theory (DFT) within the non-equilibrium Green’s function (NEGF) approach. From the results, it is found that the devices with different length of contacts layers show semiconducting nature. The integrated contacted length of graphene/blue phosphorene two-layer device shows the best conductivity under a bias voltage. The negative differential resistance effect (NDR) is also found in the current-voltage curve of all the graphene/blue phosphorene devices. Transport characteristics can be explained by the eigenvalues of self-consistent Hamiltonian (MPSH). The results show that the device is fabricated from graphene/blue phosphorous and has good electrical conductivity. These interesting features will be useful for future electronic products.
How food secure are the green, rocky and middle roads: food security effects in different world development paths
Authors: van Meijl Hans , Tabeau Andrzej , Stehfest Elke , Doelman Jonathan , Lucas Paul
Published: February 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) address food and nutrition security with goal number two. Food and nutrition security is a complicated issue, and understanding its future requires insights into (i) food availability, (ii) food access, (iii) food utilisation, and (iv) food stability. Not all these dimensions are covered by the SDG2 and its indicators. A unique feature of this paper is that it focuses on the first three dimensions of food security in addition to the prevalence of undernourishment (SDG indicator 2.1.1). Here we explore future food security in the absence of dedicated policies, to derive the ‘policy gap’ for this goal. The internationally agreed shared socio-economic pathways (SSPs) are quantified using a computable general equilibrium model (MAGNET) coupled with an integrated assessment model (IMAGE) that enable a linkage between income and expenditures given segmented labour markets. Based on the three dimensions of food security our results showed a less optimistic outlook than based on previous studies. Food availability is projected to improve in all 5 SSP scenarios, except South Asia in SSP3 due to serious land constraints. As a result, the number of undernourished people decreases in most scenarios, becoming increasingly concentrated in Sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. However, undernourishment stays high in SSP4 (550 million people) and increases to over two billion people in SSP3. Food access generally improves due to higher agricultural and non-agricultural wages of unskilled workers. However, due to lock-in effects the wages of unskilled agricultural workers might decline, leading to reduced food access in SSP3, SSP4 and SSP2. The indicator of food utilisation shows food security problems for Sub-Saharan Africa in SSP3 and SSP4. Our results indicate that food security problems remain and that effective policies are needed to achieve food security for all.
Spatial patterns of recent US summertime heat trends: Implications for heat sensitivity and health adaptations
Authors: Spangler Keith R , Wellenius Gregory A
Published: February 2020

Heat is known to cause illness and death not only at extreme temperatures, but also at moderate levels. Although substantial research has shown how summertime temperature distributions have changed over recent decades in the United States, less is known about how the heat index—a potentially more health-applicable metric of heat—has similarly evolved over this period. Moreover, the extent to which these distributional changes have overlapped with indicators of social vulnerability has not been established, despite the applicability of co-varying climatic and sociodemographic characteristics to heat-related health adaptations. Presented here is an analysis of trends in the median, 95th percentile, and ‘warm-tail spread’ (i.e., intra-seasonal range between the upper extreme and median) of warm-season (May-September) maximum heat index between 1979 and 2018 across the conterminous US. Using 40 years of data from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset, it is shown that most of the US has experienced statistically significant positive trends in summertime heat, and that both the magnitude of trends and the shape of the frequency distributions of these measures vary regionally. Comparisons with data from the Social Vulnerability Index show that the most socially vulnerable counties appear to be warming faster than the least vulnerable, but that opposite patterns hold for trends in warm-tail spread. These findings may be applicable to further studies on climate change, heat adaptations, and environmental justice in the US.
Ambient air pollution per specific land use types and activities in an urbanizing Eastern Caribbean Country, St. Kitts and Nevis
Authors: Whittaker S D , Deziel N C , Zhang Y , Jin L , Edwards Q A , Naraine L , Scarborough J , Allen D , Bell M L
Published: February 2020

Urban development can have negative impacts on the environment through various mechanisms. While many air quality studies have been carried out in more developed nations, Eastern Caribbean (EC) countries remain understudied. This study aims to estimate the concentrations of air pollutants in the EC nation of St. Kitts and Nevis. Transport, recreation and construction sites were selected randomly using local land use records. Pollutant levels were measured repeatedly for numerous 1-hour intervals in each location between October 2015 and November 2018. Weather trends and land use characteristics were collected concurrent to sampling. Across 27 sites, mean NO2, O3, SO2, PM10 and PM2.5 levels were 26.61 ppb (range: 0–306 ppb), 11.94 ppb (0–230 ppb), 27.9 ppb (0–700 ppb), 52.9 μg m−3 (0–10,400 μg m−3) and 29.8 μg m−3 (0–1556 μg m−3), respectively. Pollutants were elevated in high urban areas and generally significantly positively correlated with each other, with the exception of PM10. NO2 levels in construction areas were generally comparable to those in transportation areas and higher than in recreation areas. O3 levels were lower in construction than recreation and transport areas. SO2 concentrations were lower in construction and recreation compared to transport sites. Construction and recreation PM10 levels exceeded transport sites, while PM2.5 was highest in construction areas. Additional bivariate and multivariate analysis were conducted to assess whether various meteorological, temporal and land use factors including rain, tour season and urban features explained variability in air pollutant concentrations. Tourist season and specific months, more than any other factors, contributed most to variability in pollutant concentrations. These new measurements of air pollution concentrations in an understudied nation may have important implications for health outcomes among exposed EC residents, and provide critical data for future exposure and epidemiologic research and environmental policy.
Tetrapyrroles at near-ambient pressure: porphyrins and phthalocyanines beyond the pressure gap
Authors: Vesselli Erik
Published: February 2020

Many complex mechanisms underlying the fascinating functionalities provided by tetrapyrrolic macrocycles in biochemistry have been already unraveled. Light harvesting, molecular transport, and catalytic conversion are some of the processes performed by tetrapyrrole-based centers embedded in protein pockets. The main function is determined by the single atom species that is caged in the macrocycle, while a finer tuning (band gap, chemical selectivity etc) is granted by the geometric and electronic structure of the tetrapyrrole, including its residues, and by the proximal and distal structures of the protein surroundings that exploit the molecular trans-effect and direct weak interactions, respectively. Hence, a scientific and technological challenge consists in the artificial replication of both structure and functionality of natural reaction centers in 2D ordered arrays at surfaces. Nano-architected 2D metalorganic frameworks can be indeed self-assembled under controlled conditions at supporting surfaces and, in the specific, porphyrin- and phthalocyanine-based systems have been widely investigated in ultra-high vacuum conditions by means of surface science approaches. Deep insight into the geometry, electronic structure, magnetic properties, ligand adsorption mechanisms, and light absorption has been obtained, with the strong experimental constraint of vacuum. Especially in the case of the interaction of tetrapyrroles with ligands, this limit represents a relevant gap with respect to both comparison with natural counterparts from the liquid environment and potential applicative views at both solid–liquid and solid–gas interfaces. Thus, a step forward in the direction of near-ambient pressure is strongly necessary, while maintaining the atomic-level detail characterization accuracy. Nowadays this becomes feasible by exploiting state-of-the-art experimental techniques, in combination with computational simulations. This review focusses on the latest advances in this direction.
Interaction of Pb2+ ions in water with two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide
Authors: Li Duo O , Gilliam Matthew S , Debnath Abhishek , Chu Ximo S , Yousaf Ahmed , Green Alexander A , Wang Qing Hua
Published: February 2020

The removal of heavy metal contaminants from water is important for public health, and recently many two-dimensional (2D) materials with high specific surface areas are being studied as promising new active components in water purification. In particular, 2D MoS2 nanosheets have been used for the removal of various heavy metals, but usually in either in complex geometries and composites, or in the chemically exfoliated metallic 1T-MoS2 phase. However, the interaction of heavy metals dissolved in water with unmodified semiconducting 2H-MoS2 is not well studied. In this paper, we report a detailed fundamental investigation of how Pb2+ ions interact with 2H-MoS2. We observe small solid clusters that form on the MoS2 surfaces after exposing them to Pb(NO3)2 aqueous solutions as shown by atomic force microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, and for liquid phase exfoliated MoS2 we observe the nanosheets precipitating out of dispersion along with insoluble solid granules. We use a combination of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction to identify these solid clusters and granules as primarily PbSO4 with some PbMoO4. We put forth an interaction mechanism that involves MoS2 defects acting as initiation sites for the partial dissolution in aqueous oxygenated conditions which produces MoO4
2− and SO4
2− ions to form the solids with Pb2+. These results are an important contribution to our fundamental understanding of how MoS2 interacts with metal ions and will influence further efforts to exploit MoS2 for water remediation applications.
Multi-sensor measurement and data fusion technology for manufacturing process monitoring: a literature review
Authors: Kong Lingbao , Peng Xing , Chen Yao , Wang Ping , Xu Min
Published: February 2020

Due to the rapid development of precision manufacturing technology, much research has been conducted in the field of multisensor measurement and data fusion technology with a goal of enhancing monitoring capabilities in terms of measurement accuracy and information richness, thereby improving the efficiency and precision of manufacturing. In a multisensor system, each sensor independently measures certain parameters. Then, the system uses a relevant signal-processing algorithm to combine all of the independent measurements into a comprehensive set of measurement results. The purpose of this paper is to describe multisensor measurement and data fusion technology and its applications in precision monitoring systems. The architecture of multisensor measurement systems is reviewed, and some implementations in manufacturing systems are presented. In addition to the multisensor measurement system, related data fusion methods and algorithms are summarized. Further perspectives on multisensor monitoring and data fusion technology are included at the end of this paper.