bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SEROPREVALENCE OF SOME VECTOR-BORNE DISEASES IN DOG FROM PLOVDIV, BULGARIA
Authors: Arnaudov A.
Published: January 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine the seroprevalence and the occurrence of important some canine vector-borne diseases in the city of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. A total of 84 blood samples (46 from stray dogs and 38 from pets) were tested. The CANIV-4 diagnostic kit (BIONOTE) was used to detect infections with Dirofilaria immitis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum/Anaplasma platys, Borrelia burgdorferi and Ehrlihia canis. A cytological examination of blood smears was performed in order to establish causative agents. Thirty samples (65.2%) were found positive for one or more of these causative agents. Ehrlihia canis infection was detected in 14 samples, Anaplasma phagocytophilum /Anaplasma platys in 12 samples, and an invasion with Dirofilaria immitis in 11 samples. No Borrelia burgdorferi infection was established. Co-infection was found in 7 samples. Antibodies against Ehrlihia spp. and Anaplasma spp. were detected in 5 samples and a co-infection of Anaplasma spp. with Dirofilaria immitis was observed in 2 samples. Microfilariae were observed in all blood smears from positive samples, while the Ehrlihia morulas were found only in one sample from a dog with splenomegaly and moderate cachexia.
New records and a significant range extension of the recently described Pelexia vinosa A.W.C. Ferreira, M.I.S. Lima & Pansarin (Orchidaceae) in southernmost Brazil
Authors: Perleberg Tângela Denise , Thiel Ana Paula , Crizel Gomes Gustavo , Noguez da Cunha Henrique
Published: January 2022

We present new records for Pelexia vinosa A.W.C. Ferreira, M.I.S. Lima & Pansarin, a Brazilian terricolous orchid described in 2012 and at that moment known only from the type population and considered endemic to the state of São Paulo. We report the occurrence of populations in seasonal semideciduous forest fragments at three locations in the southernmost Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This would mean that the species distribution is extended by ca. 1,500 km in a straight line from previous records. We also reassess the conservation status of P. vinosa as Endangered.
The Moral Economies of Sacrifice and Sacrilege in Russian Agrarian Culture
Authors: Panchenko Alexander
Published: January 2022

This article challenges the empirical usefulness of historical and anthropological approaches (Walter Burkert, René Girard, et al.) when considering sacrifice as a socially acceptable projection of aggression inherent in all human beings. Ideas formulated by Burkert and Girard were later criticised by a number of anthropologists and students of religion. At the same time, however, historical and ethnographic data sometimes reveal particular connections between sacred objects and agents, on the one hand, and images of violence, killing, and the transgression of social norms, on the other. The paper deals with a number of cases from modern Russian agrarian culture revealing certain rules and norms of moral economies that connect concepts of the sacred, violence, and sacrifice in particular ritual and narrative contexts. Legends about substitute sacrifices and the origin of local sacred places, as well as the religious cults of laymen (usually children) who died accidentally before their time, are contextualised in local cosmologies that provided modes for the mutual socialisation of human beings and non- or superhuman agents. Here, the theme of sacrifice is related to resource exchange providing stable, predictable, and reciprocal relations with various otherworldly beings. In this context, the Judeo-Christian ‘sacrifice narratives’ that originated in ancient Mediterranean ritual cultures could only in part be adapted to local religious practices, social structures, and norms.
Fear and Childhood Victimisation in Atheistic Discourse during the Khrushchev Era
Authors: Egorova Galina
Published: January 2022

This article aims to demonstrate the interpretative potential of anti-religious propaganda during the Thaw period through the lens of emotional narrative. The author suggests considering the use of the victimised image of religious children as means for evoking the public’s censure during Khrushchev’s antireligious campaign. This atheistic campaign was carried out mostly by means of discrediting believers, contrasting them with social norms and the image of the ideal Soviet citizen, a builder of communism. Images of child-martyrs are archetypical in Russian culture; they were often used in stories about Young Pioneer heroes, as well as in visual propaganda during the Great Patriotic War. According to the Soviet media, religious upbringings were based on intimidation; as a result, a sense of fear affected the child’s personality. The key components of the image of religious children have been reconstructed through the prism of narratives and pictures in the press, films, letters to the media, ideological books, and handbooks. Sociological surveys of Soviet children and letters of the Soviet people demonstrate that the stereotypes of fearful religious children were quite effective. Studying taboo emotions makes it possible to understand the “emotional scope” of Soviet propaganda in a more profound way, as well as to identify the formation of the “emotional component” of the “the Other”. Geographically, the research covers central Russia – the region which was given much attention by the media due to a historical legacy that appealed to the concept of Holy Rus’.
The Lumières in Global History
Authors: Lazarev Yakov , Manin Daniil
Published: January 2022

The authors review T. Sarmant’s 1715: La France et le monde published by Perrin in Paris in 2017. The monograph is a new attempt to reflect on the history of France and Europe in a global context. The renewed interest in global history in France marked by the works of F. Norel, L. Testot, S. Gruzinski, etc. can be illustrated by the book under review. Sarmant broadens the understanding of European influence on the global historical process, which is especially relevant in studies of Russia’s transformations in the eighteenth century. In the work, the researcher uses the accumulated material of French historiography to create his model of the French role in the formation of the modern world. The author also shows how the world of the eighteenth century was reflected in French culture and how France and its specificities were understood in other regions of the world. The study provides interesting conceptual observations that allow us to take a new look at the known events of world history.
Distribuições de probabilidade
Authors: Novaes Marcel
Published: January 2022

Apresentamos de forma pedagógica o tema das distribuições de probabilidade, que é central para o entendimento da mecânica estatística e da mecânica quântica, além de ser importante para todo tipo de descrição estatística dos fenômenos naturais.
Producción de Sentidos sobre Asistencia Transespecífica en Salud, Derechos y Ciudadanía Trans*
Authors: Lazcano Claudia Leticia , Toneli Maria Juracy Filgueiras
Published: January 2022

Resumen En este artículo discutiremos el proceso de producción de sentidos sobre la asistencia transespecífica en salud y su relación con los derechos y la ciudadanía trans*, lo que desarrollamos a partir del diálogo con 11 personas, entre usuarias/os, médicas/os y funcionarias/os de un servicio de atención a personas trans* en una capital en la región Sur de Brasil. Se realizaron entrevistas con las/os participantes, y el análisis de la información se efectuó a partir de la problematización recursiva. Los resultados se organizan en torno a dos tramas de sentidos. Por un lado, se analizan la significación y la potencia de las demandas realizadas por las personas trans* al campo de la asistencia transespecífica en salud, apuntando su relación con una ética comprometida con lo que es excluido por los regímenes de verdad y con la garantía de nuevos flujos de inteligibilidad. Por otro, se analizan las exigencias para constituir un espacio de atención en salud para personas trans* como un ámbito de concretización de la ciudadanía trans*, que supone garantizarse no solo por el acceso al sector de la salud, sino también por las características de la oferta, su formalización, manutención e institucionalización del cuidado a las personas trans*.
Política de Assistência Social e Processo de Estratégia de Hegemonia no Brasil
Authors: Souza William Azevedo , Mexko Sara , Benelli Silvio José
Published: January 2022

Resumo Com base numa perspectiva dialética e institucional crítica, utilizando o conceito central de Processo de Estratégia de Hegemonia e analisando a bibliografia, discutiremos algumas das razões pelas quais a Assistência Social enquanto um direito do cidadão e um dever do Estado teria sido incluída na Constituição Federal de 1988. Esta é uma política pública cuja função social visa garantir o acesso a direitos sociais básicos imprescindíveis para a sobrevivência de uma parcela significativa da população brasileira. Tais direitos são destinados, principalmente, aos mais pobres, mas também às pessoas denominadas de acordo com o Sistema Único de Assistência Social (Suas) como em situação de vulnerabilidade e risco social. A inclusão da política de Assistência Social na Constituição pode ser considerada uma concessão tácita, uma vez que não foi fruto de uma ampla luta política ou de grande reivindicação popular, diferente do caso da Previdência Social e da Saúde, o que demostra uma contradição essencial, pois o número de possíveis usuários dessa política já justificaria sua existência. Assim como as políticas de segurança alimentar, de trabalho e de acesso à renda, a Assistência Social é uma das principais políticas públicas que tem como objetivo o atendimento dos segmentos mais empobrecidos da população. Ela seria produtora de efeitos concretos focalizados e restritos, e também de efeitos simbólicos importantes, que garantem e legitimam a governança. Pretendemos contribuir para o fortalecimento da Assistência Social como política pública, problematizando alguns de seus impasses.
Atendimentos Psicossociais a Crianças e Adolescentes Vítimas de Violência Sexual: Percepções de Psicólogas de um Creas/Paefi
Authors: Martins Jessica Souza , Santos Daniel Kerry dos
Published: January 2022

Resumo Este artigo objetiva problematizar as percepções de psicólogas de um Creas/Paefi da região metropolitana de Florianópolis acerca dos atendimentos psicossociais a crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência sexual. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com três psicólogas que atuam no serviço Paefi de um Creas. A análise das entrevistas está amparada pela perspectiva teórico-metodológica de análise das práticas discursivas e de produção de sentidos, conforme proposta por Spink e Medrado (2004). Elencaram-se as seguintes categorias de análise: a) percepções acerca da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes; b) percepções acerca do atendimento psicossocial; e c) percepções acerca da gestão de trabalho e das estratégias de intervenções psicossociais. De modo geral, destaca-se que as percepções sobre violência sexual variam entre leituras complexas e reducionistas; que existem dificuldades em fazer valer o Sistema de Garantia de Direitos de Crianças e Adolescentes e a efetivação de uma gestão de trabalho intersetorial e em rede; que o Estado é ausente e/ou negligente em contextos de vulnerabilidades; que as intervenções centram-se mais nas famílias e nas vítimas e menos nos autores de violência; que, apesar de impasses técnicos, busca-se atuar de acordo com prerrogativas da atuação profissional da psicologia no contexto do Suas. Considera-se que este estudo pode contribuir para a ampliação de problematizações acerca dos atendimentos psicossociais, no contexto do Suas, a crianças e adolescentes vítimas de violência sexual.
Gênero e Psicologia: Experimentações Discursivas na Produção do Conhecimento sobre a Homossexualidade
Authors: Santos Antonio César de Holanda , Menezes Jaileila de Araújo
Published: January 2022

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é problematizar a conceituação de gênero no campo da Psicologia, em articulação com a homossexualidade e ancorada pela epistemologia feminista decolonial em nossa ciência e profissão. Para tanto, este ensaio crítico se dará a partir de uma discussão teórica, utilizando elementos de caráter literário e estéticos enquanto recursos para a produção do conhecimento em Psicologia. Também considerarei algumas singularidades e inquietações quanto às elaborações sobre gênero e homossexualidade, a partir de estudos em nossa área. Esse debate foi proposto diante da avaliação de que há certa invisibilidade e silenciamento sobre a homossexualidade nos contextos interioranos, inclusive no âmbito da Psicologia, que tem atuado sob uma perspectiva universalista e que não tem se dedicado a entender os processos de subjetivação de homossexualidades nesse lugar. Pretende-se estimular o estudo acadêmico dessas questões, apresentando elementos em torno de gênero, sexualidade, homossexualidade e alguns parâmetros literários a respeito da construção de narrativas, considerando problematizações prévias em Psicologia sobre esse dilema. Abordamos as subjetivações de gênero e homossexualidade, como forma de estimular o debate epistemológico que possibilite mais pesquisas, assim como promover avanços em processos formativos de futuras psicólogas e futuros psicólogos, de forma contextualizada e gendrada.
Retrato: imagen del hombre y origen del arte
Authors: Vázquez Couto David
Published: January 2022

En ocasiones la teoría del arte aborda un mismo tipo de imagen desde la disparidad discursiva. Este es el caso del retrato, cuya imprecisa definición complica su acotación conceptual y formal en los límites de la cultura occidental. Si bien este texto no pretende resolver las dudas en torno a uno de los problemas más significativos del arte -incluso el problema del arte, si es que el retrato nace con él-, sí se propone mostrar las dificultades para llegar a un acuerdo sobre las convenciones que lo definen, desde sus antecedentes en la Antigüedad y su consolidación durante la Modernidad, hasta el advenimiento de su crisis contemporánea que algunos autores atribuyen a la saturación que sufre el rostro en la sociedad de masas, y otros, al nuevo paradigma artístico que se impone a partir del impresionismo.
Aristóteles: sobre la expresión “hacer, amistosamente, un uso común”
Authors: Cárdenas Luz Gloria
Published: January 2022

En el marco de las discusiones sobre los bienes comunes, lo común o los comunes urbanos y sobre sus prácticas propongo un regreso a Aristóteles, con el propósito de examinar sus consideraciones sobre lo que él denomina “común” y sobre la expresión “hacer, amistosamente, un uso común”, empleada en la Política para referirse a la práctica que los ciudadanos requieren asumir frente a dichos bienes. Esto con el fin de precisar sus aportes y extraer otros que se puedan derivar de sus reflexiones y que puedan enriquecer las discusiones actuales sobre este tema.
[RETRACTED] STUNNING EXAMPLES OF BEAUTIFUL APPLE KETO GUMMIES v1
Authors: not provided carabgilory
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

https://appleketogummies.wordpress.com/ https://groups.google.com/g/apple_keto_gummies https://groups.google.com/g/apple_keto_gummies_2022 https://www.tickaroo.com/user/61e7ba93e0ea8e7a19825643 https://groups.google.com/g/apple_keto_gummies_reviews https://www.tickaroo.com/ticker/61e7bb2ee886f1305e55076f https://groups.google.com/g/apple_keto_gummies_australia https://appleketogummies.hpage.com/apple-keto-gummies.html https://www.facebook.com/Apple-Keto-Gummies-101585825768210 https://healthsupplements24x7.blogspot.com/2022/01/apple-keto-gummies.html https://www.protocols.io/workspaces/apple-keto-gummies/discussions/steps-to-apple-keto-gummies-of-your-dreams
[RETRACTED] Is It a Risky Scam? Next Plant CBD Gummies Reviews : Does It Real Work v1
Authors: not provided nextplantofficial
Published: January 2022

[RETRACTED]

The product proses to increase the capability of the body to tackle chronic ailments and lead a satisfying way of living. Besides this, the article examines theNext Plant CBD Gummies reviews, components, advantages, side impacts, and other information in detail.
Requirements Management Tools for Software Systems: A Systematic Tools Review
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok, 690922, Russian Federation, Kodubets A. A.
Published: January 2022

This article contains a systematic review of Requirements Management tools (RM tools) for Software Systems. A research question was defined as the following: requirements development process of large-scale software system (with thousands of requirements) and an interaction problem during this process (communication, coordination and control). The problem is caused by the fact that the requirements development process is a cross-disciplinary task and it involves multiple parties — stakeholders, domain experts, and suppliers with own goals and constraints, and thus, the interaction between them seriously slows down the overall requirements development process more than writing the requirements specification itself. The tools were classified into the following classes: Requirements Management Tools, ALM/PLM/SDLC Tools, Model-based System Engineering tools with Requirements support, Natural Language based tools for Requirements Engineering, WYSIWYG-prototyping and Requirements platform, Open Source tools, and tools developed by Russian vendors. Each tool class was described and represented with list of relevant tools — including feature-rich solutions, and a description of key features. A contribution of functionality from each tool into the research question was analyzed and summarized including potential further improvement steps. Advantages and disadvantages of the existing RM tools were represented in this work. To approach the research question, further potential directions were described.
Parallel Programming
Authors:   Research and Development Institute Kvant, Moscow, 125438, Russian Federation, Korneev V. V.
Published: January 2022

As a source for the introduction of parallel programming models, the article substantiates the development of the technology of VLSI and the corresponding change in the architecture of computing systems in the direction of increasing the parallelism of processing. That is, if the architecture changes significantly, then the parallel programming model should change in order to reduce the difficulty of effectively mapping program to hardware resources. A model of parallel programming on shared memory and synchronization based on FE-bits of shared memory words is considered. The architecture of the computing system of the exaflops performance level is also proposed, for which the considered programming model is adequate. The article tries to convey to the reader that this architecture originated as a synthesis of the development of VLSI technology, architecture of parallel systems and high-production parallel programming. It is indicated that when implementing the proposed architecture and programming model, an architecture with data flow processing is implemented. A parallel programming model for computing systems with local connections and optimal graphs of machine-to-machine connections are presented.
Superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery bypass for flow augmentation
Authors: Bram R. , Koch M. , Charbel F.
Published: January 2022

In the lecture to follow, we provide an in-depth review of superficial temporal artery to middle cerebral artery (STA-MCA) bypass for flow augmentation. We begin with a brief review of the two broad categories of cerebral bypasses as well and the relevant pathologies treated. We then discuss some important landmark trials on the subject of STA-MCA bypass. Next, we focus on patient selection with an emphasis on hemodynamic assessment using non-invasive quantitative imaging methods. Revascularization technique is then described with a corresponding case example and a subsequent discussion on complications and future directions.
Complications after stereotactic radiosurgery in patients with brain disorders
Authors: Tokarev A. S. , Rak V. A. , Terekhin I. A. , Neznanova M. V. , Evdokimova O. L. , Stepanov V. N. , Makeev P. A. , Viktorova O. A.
Published: January 2022

Objective: to analyze complications after stereotactic radiosurgery for various diseases performed using the Elekta Leksell Gamma Knife Perfexion.Materials and methods. This retrospective study of stereotactic radiosurgery outcomes included 3,148 patients with different brain lesions, including 1,621 individuals with metastases (51.5 %), 732 with meningiomas (23.3 %), 359 with neurinomas (11.4 %), 71 with arteriovenous malformations (2.3 %), 118 with cavernomas (3.7 %), 114 with neuroepithelial tumors (3.6 %), 46 with pituitary adenomas (1.5 %), 54 with functional diseases (1.7 %), and 33 with other diseases (1 %).The diagnosis was based on the results of neurological examination, magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography, and positron emission tomography.The severity of radiation complications was evaluated using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scale.Results. Among all patients who underwent stereotactic radiosurgery, 96 individuals developed 97 different complications. The most common complications included radionecrosis (n = 43) and perifocal edema (n = 38). Alopecia (n = 3) and increased frequency of epileptic seizures (n = 3) were less common. We observed very few specific complications, such as non-obstructive hydrocephalus (n = 3), cranial nerve lesions (n = 3), and endocrine disorders (n = 1). The total rate of radiation-induced complications was 3.08 %.Conclusion. Our findings suggest that stereotactic radiosurgery is a safe treatment for various brain diseases and is characterized by a low rate of postoperative complications. The incidence of postoperative complications in this study did not exceed that reported in Russian and foreign literature.
Intrathecal baclofen therapy in the management of drug-resistant muscle spasticity in patients with traumatic spinal cord injury
Authors: Morozov I. N. , Isagulyan E. D.
Published: January 2022

Neurorehabilitation of patients with spinal cord injury and severe muscle spasticity have always been one of the most challenging tasks for neurologists. Muscle spasticity significantly impairs patients’ quality of life and is often resistant to pharmacotherapy. Over the last 10 years, intrathecal baclofen therapy has become the most effective treatment for spasticity in Russia. In this study, we tried to systematize the data on intrathecal baclofen therapy in patients with spinal cord injury complicated by spasticity and to evaluate their treatment outcomes, as well as the incidence of adverse events. Our findings will ultimately help to clarify the need for intrathecal baclofen therapy in routine clinical practice.
Endovascular embolization of the middle meningeal artery with the SQUID-18 non-adhesive embolic agent as a treatment for recurrent chronic subdural hematoma (a case report)
Authors: Aronov M. S. , Popov M. V. , Sukhorukov O. E. , Sergeev G. S.
Published: January 2022

Objective: to report a case of recurrent chronic subdural hematoma treated using endovascular superselective embolization of the middle meningeal artery with the SQUID-18 non-adhesive embolic agent.Materials and methods. A 73-year-old male patient had an open head injury after own height falling. Multislice computed tomography demonstrated chronic subdural hematoma in the left parietooccipital region. The patient had surgery with a positive effect; however, 1 month postoperatively he developed recurrent hematoma. He was diagnosed with recurrent chronic subdural hematoma and underwent endovascular embolization of the distal branches of the middle meningeal artery with a non-adhesive embolic agent; repeated hematoma drainage was not required.Results. Follow-up multislice computed tomography performed 7 months postoperatively demonstrated total resorption of chronic subdural hematoma.Conclusion. This case illustrates the variety of methods that can be used for the treatment of chronic subdural hematoma and shows that endovascular embolization of the middle meningeal artery is a minimally invasive and effective procedure for such a disorder.
GOALS OF A MILITARY LEADER TRAINING TO EXECUTE HIS PEDAGOGICAL FUNCTIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Kucheriavyi A.
Published: January 2022

Training of cadets as prospective military leaders at a military educational institution faces the problem of absence of its intelligibly determined goals. Search for solution of this problem in the aspect of pedagogical functions execution by a military leader is the central objective of the research. The other one is to characterize actual conditions which provide realization of determined goals of leader training at a Ukrainian military educational institution. Results of the previous researches analysis demonstrate the necessity of leader pedagogical training on the one hand and the lack of special pedagogical courses in curriculums of many military educational institutions on the other hand. Description of a military leader activity, which is present in the references to foreign research works, clearly points to execution of the pedagogical function by an officer. For example, a military leader is responsible for the professional development of soldiers, their training and informing, regarding the need for and purpose of the military discipline, their duties etc. The content of pedagogical function execution by military leader is determined in the article. It consists from individual and group training and upbringing soldiers, self-study and self-upbringing. The goals a military leader training are presented as a complex of special knowledge and skills which are necessary for execution of pedagogical function. They are determined particularly for stages of training or upbringing action: preparing, execution and self-assessment of pedagogical activity based on results of an action. The knowledge and skills that correspond to the process of formation of military unit cohesion are determined from the complex of knowledge and skills related to upbringing. And this direction of military leader's activity is emphasized, due to it's significant importance. Knowledge and skills of self-study and self-upbringing are viewed in the separate block. Groups of both explicitly pedagogical knowledge and skills and other ones with psychological and communicative nature are considered. Actual conditions for defined training goals implementation at a higher military educational institution are studied by way of example of Military Institute of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. It is remarked that cadets of Politology and Psychology specialities have sufficient pedagogical training, but cadets of other specialities gain knowledge that lack significant pedagogical content. So, they have no pedagogical practicum. The list of academic disciplines helpful for a military leader is proposed. It includes extensive pedagogical aspects for this in view.
Studies at the Aktas Upper Paleolithic site in North Kazakhstan in 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Anoikin A.A. , Kharevich V.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Klementev A.M. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS,   Institute of the Earth’s crust SB RAS, Taimagambetov Zh.K. ,   National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: January 2022

In May 2021, a joint expedition of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography SB RAS and the National Museum of the Republic of Kazakhstan carried out archaeological survey at the Aktas site in northern Kazakhstan. The Aktas site is located on the flat top of a hill (420 m) with a quartzite rocky outcrop. The site was studied by V.N. Matvienko in 1982-1983. At that time, a representative collection of faunal remains (several thousand items) was recovered from the excavation area of 25 sq.m. It contains remains of Crocuta crocuta spelaea, Panthera leo spelaea, Coelodonta antiquitatis, Bos primigenius, Cervus elaphus. Occurrence of objects with traces of working and lithic products interpreted as tools allowed researchers to correlate the materials from this site with Upper Paleolithic human activities. The main task of the works in 2021 was to verify involvement of ancient humans information of the materials at the site and determination of its age. A new stratigraphic profile containing 6 lithological layers was established along the wall of the excavation trench of 1982-1983. Faunal remains were mostly collected from layers 3 (brownish-gray sandy loam) and 4 (detrital horizon). In total, 82 animal bones were recovered including remains of Coelodonta antiquitatis, Equus ferus and Caprinae gen. No lithic artifacts were found, however, solitary bones bearing traces of probable anthropogenic impact (splitting, polishing) were found. The Aktas location on a hill excludes the possibility of bone-bed formation due to natural geological processes. The derived information makes it possible to link the accumulated materials at the site to anthropogenic activity. Based on the composition of faunal remains, Aktas was aged to late MIS 3 - early MIS 2.
Upper Palaeolithic Bifacial Points from Denisova Cave
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Belousova N.E. , Mikhienko V.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kozlikin M.B. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Vishnevskiy A.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Shunkov M.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The Altai tradition of manufacturing thin foliate bifacial points and ovoid bifaces demonstrates a clear connection with the culture and subsistence strategies of the most ancient Upper Palaeolithic human population of this region. Today, the issues of cultural and chronological attribution and specificity of this tool category as well as the study of its role in the economic and hunting activities of the population in general require profound studies of the primary source base and generalization of the available information based on new archaeological and natural science data. The authors attempt to systematize the collection of the Upper Paleolithic bifaces from Denisova Cave, which is the most extensive and has not yet been the subject of the special study. We identified and refitted 13 bifacial tools of varying degrees of fragmentation from collections from the Main Chamber, the South Chamber, and the Entryway zone of the cave. All products have been defined as bifacially prepared points and side-scrapers of the biconvex leaf-shaped/ovoid morphological group. The working strategy of most bifaces aimed at producing a symmetrical elongated leaf-like shape suggests that the artifacts were possibily used as points. Parallels for the large and small leaf-like forms from Denisova Cave can be found in the Initial and Early Upper Palaeolithic assemblages of the Northwestern and Central Altai. Occurence of intact ovoid bifaces in the Denisova collection was not confirmed; all the available fragments of rounded outlines correspond to the basal parts of the leaf-shaped bifaces in morphometric parameters.
Unenker – a Paleolithic Site of the Khengerekte-Sukhotino Culture in the Transbaikal Region
Authors:   Institute of Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan studies SB RAS, Tashak V.I. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kovychev E.V. ,   Transbaikal State University
Published: January 2022

Recent research has shown that the stone industries of the Barun-Alan-1 site (lower level of layer 6, level 6/7, and layer 7) in the Western Transbaikal region and Sukhotino-4 site in the Eastern Transbaikal region belong to the same Khengerekte-Sukhotino culture. The earliest layers containing the evidence of this culture at the Barun-Alan-1 site are associated with the Final Early Upper Palaeolithic, while the latest layer were dated to the Final Upper Palaeolithic. It was believed that the area of this archaeological culture had the western boundary in Barun-Alan-1 and eastern boundary in Sukhotino-4 253 km to the east. Works in the archives of the Transbaikal State University in Chita have made it possible to identify similar features in the industries of Sukhotino-4 and Unenker located in the lower part of the Ingoda River valley (130 km to the east from Sukhotino-4). Field research at the Unenker site was conducted in 1984. Presently, the evidence of the Paleolithic Unenker site has been analyzed in detail. It has been discovered that stone artifacts from Unenker were identical to artifacts from Sukhotino-4 in terms of morphology and methods of tool production. The fact that the Unenker site belongs to the Khengerekte-Sukhotino culture makes it possible to expand the boundaries of the area where this culture was spread 130 km to the east. Judging by the geographical position of the Unenker and Sukhotino-4 sites, the Ingoda River valley should be considered as the most promising area in search for new sites of the Khengerekte-Sukhotino culture. Since the study of this culture is still at the early stage, the research problems to be addressed include the origin of this culture, directions of its expansion, specific regional features, etc.
Geometric Microliths from Tutkaul Site (Layer 3; Tajikistan): Production Sequence and Function
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Shnaider S.V. , Fedorchenko A.Yu. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Alisher kyzy S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

Geometric microliths are one of the key-element of Central Asian Epipaleolithic complexes. This article presents a detail study on rectangles and lunates from layer 3 of Tutkaul site (Tajikistan) that were studied through the use-wear and negative scar pattern analysis. The results of the scar pattern analysis show two chains of operations in production of rectangles. In frame of the first sequence, the bladelets were truncated, then, the right lateral was retouched with backing retouch. In frame of the second sequence, at first one lateral of the blank was prepared with backing retouch and after that the two short sides of the blank were truncated. The lunates were made by backing retouch on the bladelet right side. Use-wear analysis shows that lunates were used as heads of the projectile weapons, and the rectangles as composite items for working on soft material. This is indicated by the following: traces of polishing resulted from contact with soft organic material on the working edge; traces offastening on the longitudinal retouched side of the basal part; in addition, several items bear traces of ventral retouch securing a tighter fastening of microliths in the haft. Thus, the rectangles could be used as knives or as lateral inserts of the projectile weapons where lunates were the arrowhead.
The Mališina Stijena Multilayer Paleolithic Site in Montenegro: Research Results of 2021
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Shunkov M.V. , Anoikin A.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kozlikin M.B. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Bulatovich L. ,   Museum and galleries of Podgorica, Derevianko A.P. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The article presents new evidence from the excavations in Malisina Stijena rock shelter located in the north of the Republic of Montenegro. Excavation in 2021 over the area of 2 х 3 m was made at the drip line in the eastern part of the rock shelter. Deposits up to 2 m thick were exposed. Lithological layers A1-A4, B1, B2, C, and D were identified in the section. Archaeological evidence occurred in most units with the exception of layers A3 and D. Primary reduction in layers C and B was aimed at producing flakes, less frequently, blades following the radial, Levallois, and parallel primary reduction techniques. The toolkit combined typical Middle Paleolithic varieties, such as Mousterian points, Levallois points, and side-scrapers of various types, with the objects typical of the Upper Paleolithic, such as end-scrapers, piercing tools, as well as chisel-like and truncated-faceted tools. Faunal remains testify to hunting large herbivores, such as bison, red deer, and mountain goat. Bones of a hare and large birds were also discovered. Local raw materials from the gravel of the Cehotina River were used for tool production. The closest cultural and chronological parallels to these industries can be found in the complexes of the Final Middle Paleolithic from the sites of Bioce and Crvena Stijena in Central Montenegro. Lithic industry from layer A was distinguished by well-developed small and micro-laminar technique. The toolkit contained the varieties typical of the Final Upper Paleolithic, including backed microblades, microliths, gravettoid points, and small end-scrapers. There is evidence of systematic fishing and hunting birds and small mammals.
Fortifi ed Settlement Andreevskoye. History of Functioning Based on the Results of Multidisciplinary Research
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology UB RAS, Epimakhov A.V. ,   South Ural State University, Batanina N.S. ,   Chelyabinsk State University, Noskevich V.V. ,   Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Fedorova N.V. ,   Institute of Geophysics UB RAS, Petrov F.N. ,   Chelyabinsk State Historical and Cultural Reserve “Arkaim”, Petrov N.F. ,   South Ural State University,   Chelyabinsk State University, Tairov A.D. ,   South Ural State University, Makurov Yu.S. ,   Chelyabinsk State Historical and Cultural Reserve “Arkaim”
Published: January 2022

The Andreevskoye settlement (Bredinsky district of the Chelyabinsk Region, the left bank of the Sintashta River of the Tobolsk basin) belongs to a rare type of sites of the Trans-Ural Bronze Age with dense housing development, enclosed by a system of walls and ditches. Deciphering archival aerial photography, the use of low-depth geophysics (micromagnetic survey and ground penetrating radar), analysis of the microrelief, and test pits allowed us to determine main architectural elements, clarify their parameters, and propose a scenario for changing the object’s structure over time. The basic layout throughout its history has been linear. The space within the walls was occupied by the blocks of buildings and passageways (“streets”) dividing them. The number of rows was dependent on the expansion and reduction (at a later stage) of the area of the enclosed space. A typical feature of the early stage is numerous combustion products and fire traces. They form positive magnetic anomalies, mainly confined to the surfaces of the outer wall of the early stage of development. Traces of economic activities of the Bronze Age population outside the walls have only been found at the site between the moat and the riverbank. The composition of finds is typical for the Bronze Age cultures: fragments of ceramics, animal bones, slag, petiolate arrowhead made of stone, etc. The early period reliably belongs to the Sintashta culture; among the lifting collections, some finds belong to the Stone Age and the cultures of the Late Bronze Age. The example of the Andreevskoye settlement is one of many illustrations of dynamic processes of the development and adaptation of the Sintashta population to local conditions. All synchronous settlements explored over wide areas have traces of restructuring, including the transformation of layout. The reasons for these changes can be diagnosed only on the basis of the results of new multidisciplinary projects.
Burial Ground of Mogilno-Starozhilskoe V in the Omsk Irtysh Region as a Source on Ethnic and Cultural History of the Region
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Korusenko M.A. , Gerasimov Yu.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

This article presents the results of research at the burial ground near the village of Mogilno-Starozhilskoe in Bolsherechensky District of Omsk Region. Five mounds have been studied. Four mounds contained burials according to inhumation rite, and fifth mound was a ritual complex which the authors connected with funeral traditions of the population which created the site. The article describes the complexes and collections, as well as elements of the funeral rites. Four adult and one child burial have been studied. The deceased were buried in subrectangular pits in extended position on their backs with heads directed to the southwest. In one case, a structure above the grave - a logwork of five layers in the form of truncated pyramid - has been discovered. The accompanying inventory included elements of horse harness, knife, beads, plaques, and fragment of a round mirror made of white bronze. Several objects with traces of ritual (?) feasts, large vessel containing food remains, and the buried severed head and neck of a dog, which the authors interpret as signs of animal sacrifice, have been discovered under the mound of large ritual complex. All adult burials had been destroyed, most likely for ritual purposes. The analysis of the collection and elements of the funeral rite made it possible to date this site to the 14th-15th centuries and connect it with the nomadic Turkic-speaking population of the Irtysh forest steppe, closely related to the Turks of the Baraba forest steppe. The Mogilno-Starozhilskoe V burial ground represents a rich source of information for studying sophisticated ethnic and cultural processes in the forest steppe in the Late Middle Ages. The research data will be used for further study of ethnographic archaeological complexes expanding our knowledge of ethnic history and culture of the indigenous population which lived in Western Siberia.
Dogs in Funerary Practices of the Murong Xianbei
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kudinova М.А.
Published: January 2022

The article analyzes the evidence on the role of dogs in the funeral rite of the Murongs — one of the Xianbei tribes which inhabited Southern Manchuria in the 3rd—5th centuries AD. It has been established that despite the reports of Chinese written sources on burning the sacrificial animals during the funeral ritual, the early Xianbi also had a practice of accompanying burials of dogs (whole bodies or heads). According to the evidence from the burials of the late 3rd — early 5 th centuries, dogs continued to play an important role in the Murong funerary rituals. The most representative complex is the tomb of Feng Sufu’s wife (415) in Beipiao County in Chaoyang Municipality of Liaoning Province, which contained the accompanying burial of two dogs as well as images of dogs in wall paintings. The burial of dog’s head and paws was also discovered in tomb 74AGM154, dated to the late 3rd — mid 4th centuries AD, near Xiaomingtun village in Anyang Municipality of Henan Province. The image of a dog made in extremely similar style to the murals from the tomb of Feng Sufu’s wife, was found in the elite tomb No. 1 near Beimiao village, west of Chaoyang City in Liaoning Province. It has been shown that burials according to the traditional rite of the Murong Xianbei were also typical for the representatives of other ethnic groups, including the Northern Yan aristocrat Feng Sufu. He came from a noble Chinese (Han) clan which was under strong cultural influence of the Murong Xianbei. The funeral rite of the Murongs also underwent transformations associated with influence of the Chinese (Han) culture, which found its expression in the spread of tomb murals.
Studies of the Staryi Tartas-1 Multilayer Settlement (Vengerovsky District of Novosibirsk Region)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Molodin V.I. , Durakov I.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Efremova N.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Kobeleva L.S. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Selin D.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Nenakhova Yu.N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Mylnikova L.N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Borzykh K.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

This article presents the evidence obtained from traditional collecting surface materials at the Staryi Tartas-1 site located on the floodplain terrace on the left bank of the Om River opposite the village of the same name in Vengerovsky District of Novosibirsk Region. The works of 2021 enrich our knowledge about the site and elucidate the individual features of material culture among its inhabitants. A fundamentally new pottery form - a bowl - has been observed in the pottery complex which belongs to the Pit-Comb Ware culture. A rare flattened bottom decorated in a typical manner of that culture as well as wall fragments with traces of distinctive smoothing and false textile imprints, and clear imprints of the walking comb stamp have become available. The remains of a ruined workshop for producing stone artifacts with 47 items which may be described as production waste, have been found. In addition, cores, often converted into tools (27 items), knife-like blades (14 items), and scrapers (9 items) have been collected. All items were typical of the stone industry of the Early Metal Age. The collection included individual artifacts of the Odinov, Krotovo, and Andronovo (Fedorovo) cultures. Complexes related to the ethnographic period and associated with the eastern part of Fort Ust-Tartas included fragments of vessels made on the potter’s wheel, containers for storing and preparing food, such as pan, glazed dishes, two sandstone and shale abrasives, two massive sinkers for nets, made on fragments of primitive bricks with double crisscross notches for fastening to the net. These findings prove incorrectness of the attempts to dispute the location of Fort Ust-Tartas on the basis of written sources, which have appeared in the media.
Unusual Plot of Bear Hunt in the Petroglyphs of Khara Jamat Gol (Mongolian Altai)
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Molodin V.I. , Cheremisin D.V. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Nenakhova Yu.N. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS, Nenakhov D.A. ,   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography SB RAS
Published: January 2022

The petroglyphs left by the inhabitants of the mountains and steppes of Eurasia are very numerous. The main subjects include hunting, warfare, weaponry, wheeled vehicles, and many more. For thousands of years, the most common subject was wild animals. The article presents a rare subject of petroglyphs from the Mongolian Altai. During the survey of the Khara Jamat Gol valley, accumulation of petroglyphs was found on the left bank of the river in the Sabi-Salaa area in the northwestern Mongolia near the Mongolian-Russian border. A multifigured composition of bear hunt with dogs chasing and attacking bears was pecked on a vertical slate slab. Hunters are armed with bows and clubs. The manner of rendering people and animals points to the Bronze Age as the time when this composition was created. In the mountains and steppes of Eurasia, bears were represented on the petroglyphs much less often than other animals, such as mountain goats, red deer, bulls, elks, wild boars, feline predators, and wolves). The interaction of bears and humans was reproduced only in two places in the Mongolian Altai. This rare subject finds parallels in the rock art of Fennoscandia. The composition of hunting bear with dogs is known from Pegtymel - the northernmost place of the Asian petroglyphs. Unusual subjects on the rocks of the Sabi Salaa in the Mongolian Altai and in the Tsagaan-Gol valley reflect the hunting practices of cattle breeders from the Sayan-Altai region in the Bronze Age. Obviously, brown bears would appear from time to time in high-mountain valleys of the Mongolian Altai and were hunted by the local population.