bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Consumer Journalism: A Unique Nursing Opportunity
Authors: Jiménez Sherry L. M.
Published: October 2007

Consumer magazines have become a major source of health education. Yet most health articles are written 4 journalists, or “medical writers,” who lack the background and training in patient education that nurses have. For nurses who know how to write, or who are willing to learn, the field of consumer journalism provides a way to share their expertise with millions of readers and offers innumerable opportunities for financial reward, professional growth and personal satisfaction.
Toward a Feminist Model for the Political Empowerment of Nurses
Authors: Mason Diana J. , Backer Barbara A. , Georges C. Alicia
Published: October 2007

Shifts in power within the nursing profession and the health care system raise questions as to how nursing will develop and use its power. As a model for political action, empowerment involves the development of three dimensions; (a) raising the conscious of sociopolitical realities; (b) positive self‐esteem; and (c) political skills needed to negotiate and change the health care system. This paper discusses these dimensions as they relate to nurses within a feminist context.
Types and Meanings of Caring Behaviors Among Elderly Nursing Home Residents
Authors: Hutchison Cynthia Poznanski , Bahr Rose Therese
Published: October 2007

This grounded theory study explored and described the types and meanings of caring behaviors engaged in by elderly nursing home residents. Data were derived from observation of participants and in‐depth interviews with residents in one nursing home during a three‐month period. One of two substantive theories—a categorical model of the various types of caring behaviors residents engaged in—is discussed. Engagement in caring behaviors was found to be a universally important means for residents to maintain their esteem, self‐identity and continuation of personhood. The properties of caring which emerged included protecting, supporting, confirming and transcending.
Nursing Diagnosis: An Ethical Analysis
Authors: Mitchell Gail J.
Published: October 2007

The ethical consequences of nursing diagnosis in light of the principle “to do no harm” have not been adequately explored. It is proposed that human suffering is created through nursing actions that objectively judge and reduce human beings and their complex relationships with the world. The ethical dimensions for nurses required to participate in the diagnostic process are clarified and three levels of potential ham for individuals with parallel ethical conflicts for nurses are described. National nursing associations and accrediting agencies are challenged to consider the paternalistic underpinnings of the diagnostic process and the ethical outcomes of mandating only one approach in practice. Parse's humanistic theory of nursing is presented as one scientific approach which upholds the duty “to do no harm.”
Comparative Analysis of Conceptualizations and Theories of Caring
Authors: Morse Janice M. , Bottorff Joan , Neander Wendy , Solberg Shirley
Published: October 2007

We delineated and compared various definitions of caring according to the five major conceptualizations of caring: caring as a human trait; caring as a moral imperative; caring as an affect; caring as an interpersonal interaction; and caring as an intervention. The implications of these diverse conceptualizations of caring for nursing practice are identified, and the commonalties, strengths and weaknesses discussed. It is concluded that caring is relatively undeveloped as a concept, has not been clearly explicated and often lacks relevance for nursing practice.
Perceptions of Nurses' Uniforms
Authors: Mangum Sandra , Garrison Carolyn , Lind Charlene , Thackeray Renee , Wyatt Marla
Published: October 2007

Patients (N=100), nurses (N=30), and administrators (N=15) in a regional medical center were surveyed about the professional image inherent in different styles of nurses' uniform. The Nurse Image Scale (NIS) was used as the data‐gathering tool with pictures of the same nurse in a variety of uniforms. Results showed that patients rated some uniforms significantly differently for professional image than did nurses and administrators. There was general agreement among all respondents on the nurse they would most like to have care for them (dress with stethoscope) and the nurse they would least like to have care for them (white pants with colored top).
“Tugboat Annie:” Nursing's Hero of Pearl Harbor‐Grace Lally (1897–1983)
Authors: Hawkins Joellen W. , Matthews Irene
Published: October 2007

In 1991 we will mark the 50th anniversary of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. Few nurses know that the Chief Nurse aboard the USS Solace, the only hospital ship in port on that fateful day, played a critical role in caring for the survivors. Grace Lally's calm, professional manner, along with her sensitivity to the needs of her patients, her 12 nurses, and the mew of the Solace made her a hero. This study is an investigation of her role on December 7, 1941, and her contributions as a career military nurse.
Legal Methodology As Nursing Problem Solving
Authors: Weiler Kay , Rhodes Ann M.
Published: October 2007

This article presents legal methodology as a form of nursing research. The four elements of the legal methodology are examined. The sources of legal authority aw explained and the essential components of one case, Sermchief v Gonzales are presented in detail as an illustration of the legal methodology. In addition to the elements of the methodology, the methodological tools for the process are described. The computer and manual searching strategies are identified. Finally, the citation system which serves as an integral portion of the methodological process is discussed.
Risk of Hospitalization for Chronic Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Jones Katherine R.
Published: October 2007

This study used primary data to analyze the incidence, causes and total days of hospitalization over a six‐month period for a sample of chronic hemodialysis patients in one geographic area of the country. Patients were hospitalized most frequently for access‐related and cardiovascular problems. Logistic regression analysis indicated that patients were more likely to be hospitalized if they had lower Karnofsky functional status scores, lower serum phosphate and protein levels, repeat access procedures, a negative hepatitis antigen, arthritis, psychiatric disorders, ischemic peripheral vascular disease or other cardiovascular conditions or were from larger households. Risk of hospitalization was not influenced by hemodialysis treatment characteristics. Recommendations for improved management of these high‐cost patients were made, which could enhance quality of life and lower hospital‐related costs.
The Practice of Empowerment and Coercion by Expert Public Health Nurses
Authors: Zerwekh Joyce V.
Published: October 2007

This article describes the dialectic of public health nursing responsibility to empower families in self care as well as the nursing responsibility to evoke authority as needed to protect children from violence and neglect. Through qualitative study of expert home visiting public health nurses' anecdotes (N=95), these apparently contradictory activities were discovered to co‐exist in helping relationships. The synthesis of the apparent contradictions applies community rather than autonomy as the fundamental moral guide
Eight Homeless Mothers' Tales
Authors: Francis Marion B.
Published: October 2007

Families are the fastest growing subgroup of homeless people in the United States. In this qualitative study, interviews with eight homeless mothers were recorded and transcribed and themes were extracted telling of their struggles to overcome violation and find connection.
The Imposter Phenomenon in the Clinical Nurse Specialist Role
Authors: Arena Donna M. , Page Nancy E.
Published: October 2007

The imposter phenomenon describes individuals who at times feel as if they are imposters in their chosen profession. Individuals experiencing the phenomenon have a deep feeling that they are fooling everyone. The title of clinical nurse specialist (CNS) in itself may foster misinterpretations and false beliefs in oneself or others. The term “specialist” implies expertise in the five subroles of the CNS (educator, consultant, research, clinician and manager). Feelings of imposture within the CNS role can precipitate or exacerbate low self‐esteem and lead to ineffective role implementation. The phenomenon must be recognized in the CNS and management strategies instituted. Management strategies include peer support, CNS mentoring and self‐provided positive reinforcement. Further research is essential to document the existence of the phenomenon within the CNS role and the creation of effective management strategies to prevent or alleviate it.
Simultaneous Concept Analysis of Spiritual Perspective, Hope, Acceptance and Self‐transcendence
Authors: Haase Joan E. , Britt Teri , Coward Doris D. , Leidy Nancy Kline , Penn Patricia E.
Published: October 2007

This paper seeks to clarify four previously elusive concepts of concern to nurses: spiritual perspective, hope, acceptance and self‐transcendence. Simultaneous concept analysis (SCA), a method developed by the authors, was used to generate a process model of antecedents, critical attributes and outcomes of all four concepts. This resulted in refined theoretical definitions for each concept. Interrelationships that became apparent among the concepts are discussed and implications of these interrelationships for theory and measurement are presented.
Content and Process in Clinical Decision‐Making by Nurse Practitioners
Authors: White Joyce E. , Nativio Donna G. , Kobert Shirley N. , Engberg Sandra J.
Published: October 2007

Clinical decision‐making is the process nurses use to gather information, evaluate it and make a judgment that results in the provision of patient care. This research sought to increase our understanding of clinical decision making by nurse practitioners. The sample consisted of 27 nurse practitioners; 6 OB/CYN nurse practitioners, 11 experienced family nurse practitioners and 10 inexperienced family nurse practitioners. All subjects cared for the same patient who was presented via computer and interactive video. Findings indicated that nurse practitioners use a process of clinical decision‐making in which diagnostic hypotheses drive data acquisition. The OB/CYN nurse practitioners were more likely to develop lists of diagnostic hypotheses which reflected the patient's chief complaint, while both experienced and inexperienced family nurse practitioners were more likely to acquire subjective and objective data that did not appear to be hypothesis driven.
The Healing Process of Female Adult Incest Survivors: Constructing a Personal Residence
Authors: Draucker Claire Burke
Published: October 2007

This study generated a descriptive theoretical framework of the healing process of adult survivors of incest based on the perceptions of 11 survivors who had experienced some degree of healing. The core variable that emerged from the data was labeled “constructing a personal residence” to reflect the participants' descriptions of their experiences as laborious, active and constructive. The process of constructing a residence included three main elements: building a new relationship with the self; regulating one's relationships with others; and influencing the community in a meaningful way.
Post‐tubal Sterilization Syndrome
Authors: Lethbridge Dona J.
Published: October 2007

This article presents a review of the literature on post‐tubal sterilization syndrome. Although studies have shortcomings they suggest the majority of women undergoing tubal sterilization do not experience changes in menstrual patterns after the procedure, but a minority do. Suggestions are made for further research, conducted from a nursing perspective. Implications for practice are suggested, given the tentative information on post‐tubal sterilization syndrome.
Nutritional Alterations in Persons with HIV Infection
Authors: Keithley Joyce K. , Zeller Janice M. , Szeluga Debra J. , Urbanski Pamela A.
Published: October 2007

Potential relationships among nutritional status, immune function and quality of life were examined in a convenience sample of 40 outpatient homosexual and bisexual males stratified into five categories, using modified Walter Reed Staging Criteria. Nutritional status was assessed by measuring height, weight, triceps skinfold thickness, arm circumference, nutrient intake and serum albumin. Immune status was evaluated by determining T‐helper cell numbers and percentages. The Quality of Life test was used to obtain information about life quality. Nutritional assessment failed to show significant differences among groups with the exception that serum albumin levels were reduced in persons with AIDS. The significance of change in serum albumin in regard to nutritional status is unclear, since serum albumin is affected by a number of non‐nutritional factors, such as hydration status and liver function. The study also revealed a significant decline in T‐helper percentages, but not absolute T‐helper cell numbers as a function of disease stage. There were no statistically significant differences between the quality of life scores with respect to each grouping. These data suggest that asymptomatic patients as well as those with ARC or stable AIDS are able to maintain body weight and composition.
Conceptualizing Psychological Well‐Being in Cognitively‐Impaired Older Persons
Authors: Burgener Sandy C. , Chiverton Patricia
Published: October 2007

This article addresses a neglected area within nursing knowledge development: appropriate conceptual frameworks for guiding care of institutionalized, cognitively‐impaired elders. Following a review of possible conceptual frameworks, psychological well‐being, as defined by Lawton (1983), is proposed as an appropriate framework for guiding knowledge development and care of this elderly population. Two aspects of psychological well‐being, positive and negative affect, may be appropriate indicators of the concept in cognitively‐impaired elders. Instruments for measurement of psychological well being are also discussed. The implications of using psychological well‐being as a conceptual basis for both research and nursing care are presented.
Postpartum Depression: A Nursing Perspective on Women's Health and Behaviors
Authors: Affonso Dyanne D.
Published: October 2007

Postpartum depression is examined from different disciplinary perspectives including obstetrics, psychiatry, psychology and nursing. These perspectives are compared in relation to knowledge development, research designs and interventions for clinical practice. Nursing's contributions to understanding women's health and behaviors are highlighted in three areas: exploring women's experiences with symptoms of depression; delineating the character of women's affective changes during childbearing; and further study of another form of symptom distress conceptualized as dysphoria. Three alternative hypotheses are presented as new directions for future nursing research.
The Evolutionary Spiral of a Specialized Center for Women's Health Research
Authors: Woods Nancy Fugate , Shaver Joan Fowler
Published: October 2007

This paper describes the trajectory of the launch of a Center for Women's Health Research, including evaluating the impetus for a center, defining the center, implementing the center as proposed and facing the challenges associated with creating and sustaining such a center.
Knowing the Patient: One Aspect of Clinical Knowledge
Authors: Jenny Jean , Logan Jo
Published: October 2007

This paper analyzes the concept “knowing the patient” which was identified in a qualitative study of expert nursing practice during ventilator weaning of adult patients. The concept signified a cognitive and relational process by which the study participants determined salient aspects of a particular patient situation, while at the same time demonstrating their credibility and eliciting patient trust. The paper describes the clinical judgments, decisions, actions and patient outcomes that ensue from knowing the patient. This analysis offers a contextually specific description of nurses' clinical reasoning that illustrates a dimension of expert clinical practice from actual rather than simulated clinical content.
Quality of Life of Hospitalized Persons with AIDS
Authors: Ragsdale Diane , Kotarba Joseph A. , Morrow James R.
Published: October 2007

This study explores quality of life from the viewpoint of Persons with AIDS (PWAs) who were interviewed during periods of hospitalization. Quality of life was viewed as the patients' perception of the relative effectiveness of a chosen or ascribed management style in solving the practical problems associated with being ill. Six management styles used by the respondents to improve their quality of life were identified. Results of this study suggest that nurses can improve PWAs' quality of life by supporting their respective management styles.
Spiritual Well‐Being, Religiousness and Hope Among Women With Breast Cancer
Authors: Mickley Jacqueline Ruth , Soeken Karen , Belcher Anne
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to clarify spiritual health by examining the role of spiritual well‐being (SWB), religiousness and hope in spiritual health. This was accomplished by obtaining questionnaire information from a convenience sample of 175 women diagnosed with breast cancer. Patients classified as intrinsically religious were found to have significantly higher scores on SWB than did those classified as extrinsically religious. There was no difference in hope scores between intrinsically religious and extrinsically religious patients, although hope was positively correlated with SWB. Existential well‐being, a component of SWB, was the primary contributor of hope. The two major prognostic variables, stage of disease at diagnosis and number of positive lymph nodes, did not predict any of the scores.
A Theory of Care‐seeking Behavior
Authors: Lauver Diane
Published: October 2007

Although much research has focused upon why people do and do not engage in recommended health behaviors, there is a need to develop more accurate theories to explain and predict engagement in health behaviors. Because health behaviors differ in important ways, it could be most fruitful to understand one type of health behavior, such as secondary prevention behavior. This paper proposes a theory of care‐seeking behavior (CSB), based on a theory of general behavior by Triandis. Other popular theories about health behavior (i.e., Health Belief Model and Theory of Reasoned Action) also are reviewed. Empirical support for the variables identified in the theory of CSB is presented, drawing from the literature on secondary prevention for cancer. The theory of CSB is applied to the situation of seeking care for cancer symptoms. Directions for future research based upon this theory are delineated.
Nursing Chronotherapeutics: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Westfall Una E.
Published: October 2007

Nurses frequently make decisions about when treatments and actions are performed. The nursing concern driving this review is the timing of nursing activities to optimize desired and minimize untoward effects. A nursing conceptual framework is proposed that highlights individual andenvironmental factors, as they relate to rhythmic responses, as well as places within the framework for nursing actions based on customary and usual temporal patterns.
Writing and Guidelines for Nurse Authors and Editors
Authors: Nativio Donna G.
Published: October 2007

PURPOSE: The following two statements were presented by the authors on August 18, 1993, at the annual meeting of the International Academy of Nursing Editors in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Following discussion, both statements were endorsed by the editors in attendance. The statements are intended for use as a guide and to educate authors and editors about authorship and fraudulent publication. The statements are not covered by copyright and may be copied or reprinted without permission so long as their use is not for profit.
A Heideggerian Hermeneutical Analysis of Survivors of Incest
Authors: Kondora Lori L.
Published: October 2007

The phenomenological study described in this paper examined the lived experience of adult women survivors of childhood incest. Self‐identified incest survivors (N=5) participated in non‐structured, audiotaped interviews. Subsequent transcripts were analyzed by a team of researchers using Heideggerian phenomenology to identify common meanings and themes in the texts. The major findings of the study suggested two constitutive patterns of lived experience among incest survivors: “Remembering As a Coming of What Has Been” and “Care: Reconstituting a Sense of Me.”
Coping Strategies of Abstainers From Alcohol Up To Three Years Post‐treatment
Authors: Murphy Shirley A.
Published: October 2007

This study characterizes the experiences and coping strategies of 23 alcohol‐dependent persons who maintained abstinence from alcohol use up to three years post‐treatment. Interview, journal, and mail questionnaire data were collected at 12, 18 and 36 months post‐treatment. The results support and extend the theoretical model of change proposed by Prochaska and DiClemente (1984). Hallmarks of successful change included factors that can be learned, practiced, perfected and are transferable to other alcohol‐dependent persons who decide to break the addictive cycle.
Gossip: Does it Play a Role in the Socialization of Nurses?
Authors: Laing Milli
Published: October 2007

Despite its generally negative reputation, gossip continues to be a significant genre of communication in every society. The initial purpose of this paper is to scrutinize gossip from historical, analytical and feminist perspectives. An extensive review of the literature suggests gossip serves three primary functions: information, influence or social control and entertainment. The second purpose is to explore how the functions of gossip may contribute to the socialization of nurses to their professional role and to their work culture.
Anticipatory Guidance of Parents of New Infants: Potential Contribution of the Internal Working Model Construct
Authors: Pridham Karen F.
Published: October 2007

Although anticipatory guidance for parents of young children has been well subscribed to as a clinical strategy for over half a century, it has little theoretical substance to guide its practice and to direct research that would develop and test the practice. The assumptions and definitions of the traditional practice of anticipatory guidance focus on providing information about what to expect and how to deal with unwanted or challenging events or conditions related to developmental or life change. In this paper, the potential contributions of social cognition theory, including the construct of internal working models, to the theory of anticipatory guidance are explored and implications of the revised theory are illustrated.
Perceptions of Familial Caregivers of Elder Adults
Authors: Sayles‐Cross Sandra
Published: October 2007

This study investigated perceptions of 739 familial caregivers of elder adults to answer the question “is there a significant relationship between appraisal, social distance and the cost of caring for an elder family member?” the cost of caring was analyzed in five dimensions (personal‐social restrictions, physical‐emotional health, value, care recipient as provocateur and economic cost). Caregivers reported concern for their well‐being, feelings of disgust/anger, high social distance and coping by accepting and holding back. Not only were significant relationships found, but caregivers emerged as an at‐risk population.
Human Sexuality in Adults with Insulin‐Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: LeMone Priscilla
Published: October 2007

This qualitative study was conducted to explore human sexuality in adults with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus. Data from interviews of 11 men and women were used to formulate a substantive theory describing the process of changes in sexuality that occur in adults with this chronic illness. The core category of the theory is transforming, which is supported by the subcategories of valuing self and meeting intimacy needs. Information from the study can be used in nursing to provide client care, teaching and counseling for adults with insulin‐dependent diabetes mellitus.
The Relationship Between Social Support and Depression in Recovering Chemically Dependent Nurses
Authors: Sisney Kathryn Farwell
Published: October 2007

The incidence of chemical dependence within nursing challenges the profession to explore the phenomena of chemical dependence and its recovery. Nurses (N=58) who were peer assistance participants were studied to examine relationships between social support and depression. Social support was found to be significantly related to depression in this sample (r =−.642, p< .001). Over half of the sample initiated chemical use prior to completing nursing education. The findings of this study imply the need for researchers to target both practicing nurses and student nurses in future research intended to further explore chemical dependency in nursing.
The Angels of Bataan
Authors: Norman Elizabeth , Elfried Sharon
Published: October 2007

Fifty years ago, the strategic Baffle of Bataan marked the end of American dominance in the Philippine Islands. Historians record the combat on that peninsula, during the winter and spring of 7942, as among the most brutal the United State Army and Navy ever fought. Eighty‐eight women, including the first group of American military nurses to be sent into the field in World War II and 25 Filipina nurses endured the entire battle. The purpose of this article is to examine their experiences during the four months these nurses lived and worked through combat, starvation and illness on Bataan. Analysis of primary archival material from federal, private and military sources and nine oral history interviews indicate the women successfully adjusted from peacetime to war roles. They learned that individual and group self‐reliance could help them survive the worse in war. From their earliest memoirs to recent interviews, the nurses displayed both a pride in their service and a sense of grief at the losses suffered on Bataan.
Grant Writing for Qualitative Research
Authors: Cohen Marlene Zichi , Knafl Kathleen , Dzurec Laura Cox
Published: October 2007

In order to broaden understanding of the quality of qualitative grant proposals, analysis of 19 summary statements from qualitative grant proposals was conducted. This analysis showed that reviewers determined quality of proposals in terms of four themes: scientific contribution of the research; conceptual framework guiding the work; methods; and knowledge, skills, and resources available to the proposal writers. Writers' responses to the evaluations were reflected in the theme: surviving the review. This analysis suggested that reviewers of qualitative proposals recognized salient issues and were able to respond in ways that writers perceived as helpful. Qualitative research proposals that are clearly written, internally consistent, meaningful and have potential impact for the discipline of nursing are well‐received.
The Effect of Thermal Biofeedback and Progressive Muscle Relaxation Training in Reducing Blood Pressure of Patients with Essential Hypertension
Authors: Hahn Yoon Bok , Ro You Ja , Song Hae Hiang , Kim Nam Cho , Kim Hee Seung , Yoo Yang Sook
Published: October 2007

In order to assess the effectiveness of the thermal biofeedback training combined with the progressive muscle relaxation therapy in the treatment of patients with essential hypertension, blood pressure decline was measured on the treatment group who had the combined thermal biofeedback and progressive muscle relaxation training (N=11), and on the control group who had only the progressive muscle relaxation training (N=8). Baseline blood pressure was measured four times for two weeks on both groups. For the treatment group, blood pressure was measured twice before and after each of eight sessions of thermal biofeedback training for four weeks. For the control group, blood pressure was measured every two visits to a clinic for progressive muscle relaxation self‐training twice before and after the self‐training. A significant decline of the systolic blood pressure by 20.6 mmHg and of the diastolic blood pressure by 14.4 mmhg was observed in the treatment group. There was a tendency for both blood pressures to increase in the control group.
Linking Family Theory and Practice: A Family Nursing Program
Authors: Vosburgh Di , Simpson Peggy
Published: October 2007

Family nursing, always a component of nursing, has been recently receiving increased attention through publications, educational programs, clinical practice settings and family nursing research. Nurses are in the best position to assist families experiencing the illness of a loved one, but often lack the skills and confidence necessary to assist with the psychosocial needs. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and implementation of a family nursing program within a large, tertiary care facility. The program's evaluation is ongoing but early outcomes indicate that day‐to‐day nursing practice has been positively influenced and improved job satisfaction may result.
Contributions of Graduate Students to the Creation and Dissemination of Nursing Knowledge
Authors: Oddi Lorys F. , Whitley Georgia Griffith , Pool Barbara J.
Published: October 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which graduate students' research and scholarly activities, as evidenced by publication, contribute to the creation and dissemination of knowledge in nursing. Authors of articles published in
IMAGE: Journal of Nursing Scholarship
were surveyed to assess their status as graduate students during the conceptualization, development and publication of research or scholarly papers. The sample consisted of 332 authors of manuscripts published in
IMAGE
from 1986 through 1990. The study design was descriptive. A survey questionnaire elicited data on graduate student status and factors that influenced the initiation and completion of the published work. Descriptive statistical techniques were employed to analyze the data. The results of this study suggest that graduate education in nursing makes an important contribution to the advancement and dissemination of nursing knowledge.
Older Widows' Experience of living Alone at Home
Authors: Porter Eileen Jones
Published: October 2007

Older widows' experience of living alone is described in this research. Based on Husserl's (1913/1962) philosophy, a phenomenological method was used. Prior to data‐gathering, knowledge pertaining to older widows' experience was bracketed. During semi‐structured, tape‐recorded conversations, seven older widows described how they lived at home alone. From data pertaining to their actions, intentions and perceptions, four phenomena of the lived experience were developed: (a) making aloneness acceptable; (b) going my own way; (c) reducing my risks; and (d) sustaining myself.
Evaluating Therapeutic Change in Symptom Severity at the Level of the Individual Woman Experiencing Severe PMS
Authors: Taylor Diana L.
Published: October 2007

Treatment effectiveness of an intervention designed for women experiencing severe Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) was assessed at the level of the individual woman since patterns of individual response are of most relevance to practitioners. Symptom severity was evaluated daily in five women across seven menstrual cycles using a time‐series methodology. Three symptom severity patterns emerged from the baseline data analysis: a “classic” PMS pattern, a premenstrual magnification pattern and a social week pattern. Patterns of therapeutic response emerged from the time‐series analysis of post‐treatment data compared with baseline symptom severity patterns: a “normalized” response pattern where symptom severity declined to a mild, cyclic process and an “unstable” response pattern that remained reactive. Treatment effects for menstrual cycle phenomena may be evaluated using the “normalizing” or “unstable” patterns as clinical indicators.
Appropriateness of Geriatric Prescribing Decisions Made by Nurse Practitioners and Physicians
Authors: Mahoney Diane Feeney
Published: October 2007

Legislators' concerns about the ability of nurse practitioners (NPs) to appropriately prescribe medications underlie the regulatory policies governing prescribing in the United States. As a result, state legislation varies concerning whether prescriptive authority is granted to NPs. The prescribing decisions of NPs and physicians were compared using three standardized geriatric case vignettes. NPs scored higher on an index of appropriateness than physicians a difference that remained whether or not the nurse had regulatory support to prescribe. Recommendations are made for more equitable state prescription policies.
Contributing Factors to Fear of HIV Contagion in Registered Nurses
Authors: Meisenhelder Janice Bell
Published: October 2007

This study tested the relationships of homophobia, fear of the unknown, fear of death, and fear of punishment as predictors of fear of HIV contagion. Knowledge of transmission and emotional involvement with a person at risk for HIV were hypothesized as decreasing fear among 114 randomly‐selected RNs. Results supported significant relationships for all predictors except fear of death. Homophobia, lack of knowledge, lack of emotional involvement, and fear of the unknown predicted 57 percent of the variance in fear of contagion.
A Model for Clinical Teaching as a Scholarly Endeavor
Authors: Shoffner Dava H. , Davis Mitzi W. , Bowen Sheila M.
Published: October 2007

The traditional ways that academia has approached documentation of scholarship are relatively narrow and best fit those disciplines whose practice is research and writing. In professional practice disciplines such as nursing, writing and research are critical, but they are not the only scholarly activities in which faculty are involved. A model resulting from work from the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching offers a broader view of scholarship in which clinical teaching has academic legitimacy. The components of scholarship included in the model are discovery, practice, integration, and teaching.
Turn‐of‐the‐Century Nursing Perspectives on Venereal Disease
Authors: Temkin Elizabeth
Published: October 2007

In the early 1900s, nurses, feminists, and social reformers focused on venereal disease as a symbol of women's powerlessness. Authors in popular literature and nursing journals debated the ethics of the “medical secret,” whereby physicians collaborated with their male patients to keep wives uninformed of the risk of infection. The nurses Lavinia Dock and Emma Goldman used the topic of venereal disease as a springboard to discuss their contrasting feminist ideologies. Their writings provide a context for current debates about sexual partner notification for HIV and nurses' role in political activism.
HIV Infection, Exercise, and Immune Function
Authors: Baigis‐Smith Judith , Coombs Vicki J. , Larson Elaine
Published: October 2007

Decreased physical endurance is viewed by both HIV‐infected people and their primary nurses as a major healthcare problem. There is a widespread belief among HIV‐infected people that the way to improve their endurance is through exercise. Yet healthcare providers are divided about the role of exercise. This paper presents an overview of decreased endurance as a major problem in this population, with a review of the literature on exercise in healthy and chronically‐ill populations, including those with HIV infection, and its effect on immune function.
Theoretical Considerations for Research on Environmental Stress and Health
Authors: Topf Margaret
Published: October 2007

Research on hospital noise may have implications for the usefulness of stress theory as a framework for the study of environmental stress and stress‐related health outcomes. In this article, the results of hospital noise research are described. It is argued that noise‐induced stress in hospitals is largely uncontrollable by individual coping and that stress theory may therefore need to be supplemented for the reduction of reactivity. Three concepts are proposed for this purpose. Primary among these is an intervention concept—enhancement of person‐environment compatibility. Others are ongoing societal and technological development, and intrinsic sensitivity to specific stressors in the environment. Future research should attempt to reveal whether these concepts are consistently effective in the management of hospital noise and other environmental stressors.
Conceptual Analysis of Rights Using a Philosophic Inquiry Approach
Authors: Reckling JoAnn B.
Published: October 2007

A philosophic approach to analysis reveals that the concept of right(s), with 10 identified attributes, is subject to ambiguous and inconsistent interpretation. This lack of clarity in interpretation contributes to controversy when rights are used for resolution of ethical conflict. Characteristics of rights contributing to their misinterpretation include their origins and the diverse ranges of their intended scope. Rights may be self‐evident or derived from a contract. Although they are inalienable, they may not be operational. Furthermore, having a right does not entail having the power to attain it. This philosophic analysis yields a theoretic definition intended to guide nurses in rational interpretation and use of rights in their practices.
Aviation Pioneers: World War II Air Evacuation Nurses
Authors: Stevens Susan Y.
Published: October 2007

During World War II, nurses pioneered a new role for women in the skies. This study of the 1942–1944 Movie to news, the largest of the U.S. newsreel companies with international syndication, identified the exploits of these nurses, compared personal accounts and highlighted flight nurses' contributions to the profession, society, and aviation
Creating a Future for Nursing Through Interactive Planning at the Bedside
Authors: Foust Janice B.
Published: October 2007

Interactive planning is introduced as an approach to planning amidst change that may be useful in clinical practice. The underlying principles and unique characteristics of interactive planning are presented. In addition, clinical studies suggesting its inherent presence in nursing practice are identified. Effective care planning as a developmental process provides nurses with a favorable opportunity to both contribute to individualized patient care and create our own professional future
Fatigue as a Response to Environmental Demands in Women's Lives
Authors: Lee Kathryn A. , Lentz Martha J. , Taylor Diana L. , Mitchell Ellen S. , Woods Nancy Fugate
Published: October 2007

Fatigue is a significant health care problem of interest to professionals in many disciplines. Yet, it is poorly understood. Fatigue, as an indicator of adaptation, is examined in relationship to internal and external environmental demands in women's lives. From a secondary analysis of data collected from a large group of women in a Northwest urban community in the U.S., it was found that internal demands such as depression or anxiety are more significantly related to fatigue and vitality than external demands such as negative life events or employment status
Nightingale's spiritual philosophy and its significance for modern nursing
Authors: Macrae Janet
Published: October 2007

In her manuscript, Suggestions for Thought, Nightingale attempted to integrate science and mysticism. She wrote that the universe is the incarnation of a divine intelligence that regulates all things through law. For Nightingale, the laws of science are the “Thoughts of God.” Because of her deep conviction about universal law, she did not believe in miraculous intervention as an answer to prayer. Human beings must discover the laws of Cod and apply them for health and wholeness. Prayer is attuning or joining one's personal self with the consciousness of Cod, which is found in the deepest recesses of one's own being. Nightingale's idea of spirituality as intrinsic to human nature and compatible with science can guide the development of future nursing practice and inquiry.
Duplicate publication: guidelines for nurse authors and editors
Authors: Yarbro Connie Henke
Published: October 2007

The following statement was presented by the author in August 1994 at the 13th annual meeting of the International Academy of Nursing Editors. The statement, endorsed by the editors in attendance, is intended for use as a guide. The statement is not covered by copyright and may be copied or reprinted without permission so long as the use is not for profit.
Voices from different places: but why a medical school faculty?
Authors: Freda Margaret Comerford , Moore Mary Lou
Published: October 2007

Interdisciplinary collaboration between nursing and medicine is a valued goal, but one which is difficult to achieve. Two nurses who are faculty members in medical schools reflect on their unique roles and how these encompass interdisciplinary research, teaching, and practice.
A fulbright in sweden: runes, academics, archetypal motifs, and other things
Authors: Watson Jean
Published: October 2007

Two years ago I spent three months in Sweden as the first nurse scholar to receive a Fulbright Research and Lecture Award in that country. I was sponsored by the University ofGoteborg, Department of Advanced Nursing Education. Special hosts included Professor Head Britt Johansson of the Department, and faculty colleagues Elvi Walldall, Bjorn Sjostrom, and Marianne Gustaffson. My experience provided a rare opportunity for personal and professional growth, a chance to contribute to nursing's development beyond the United States, and to work with international colleagues. The experience was mutually satisfying, in that my interests and work in caring philosophy and theory and Sweden's academic terminology of “caring science” and Sweden's social and political commitment to a caring society were congruent. During my time in Sweden I taught a doctoral course on caring theory and engaged in consultation, workshops, seminars, and public lectures, along with clinical research and study of the educational and health care system.
Beyond Dichotomies in the Nursing of Persons and Families
Authors: Robinson Carole A.
Published: October 2007

The dichotomy of individual and family nursing has served the discipline well. However, the time has come for a reconciliation of these perspectives and the redefinition of nursing as inclusive of both individuals and families. A conceptual framework that draws distinctions among four different nursing focuses of persons and families is described.
King's Framework and Theory in Japan, Sweden, and the United States
Authors: Frey Maureen A. , Rooke Liselotte , Sieloff Christina , Messmer Patricia R. , Kameoka Tomomi
Published: October 2007

In this article, we present our work in extending and testing Imogene King's conceptual framework and theory in Japan, Sweden, and the United States. Comparing and contrasting cultural relevance, methodology, and issues of validity provide examples of international scholarship and knowledge development that result from networking and collaboration.
Congruence of Decisions Between Patients and Their Potential Surrogates About Life‐Sustaining Therapies
Authors: Libbus M. Kay , Russell Cynthia
Published: October 2007

Decisions concerning life‐sustaining treatments and the congruence in decision‐making between patients and potential surrogates were examined. The ability of a patient‐chosen surrogate to make decisions reflecting the wishes of that patient was estimated. Thirty patient‐surrogate pairs independently responded to vignettes of five treatments. Patients and surrogates made similar decisions on all treatments except cancer chemotherapy, for which surrogates were significantly more likely to choose treatment when patients would have them refuse. The findings can assist patients and clinicians in choosing a surrogate whose decision‐making corresponds with patient choices.
Theoretical and Empirical Considerations of Resourcefulness
Authors: Zauszniewski Jaclene A.
Published: October 2007

Resourcefulness is important in preventing depression and promoting mental health. Three theoretical dimensions of resourcefulness are identified: self‐control, self‐direction, and self‐efficacy. This small study evaluates Rosenbaum's (1980) Self‐Control Schedule (SCS) as a measure of resourcefulness and provides initial reliability and validity estimates. Nursing clinicians were able to classify 83% of the SCS items into the three theoretical dimensions of resourcefulness. Subscales resulting from this classification were internally consistent. Factor analysis conducted in samples of depressed and nondepressed adults supported the classification of the SCS items. Future research is recommended to establish usefulness of the SCS instrument as an outcome measure of nursing interventions designed to promote resourcefulness.
Machine Technologies and Caring in Nursing
Authors: Locsin Rozzano C.
Published: October 2007

Machine technologies and caring in nursing can be harmonious aspects of clinical nursing practice. The perception of technology and caring as dichotomous is so pervasive that one who is technologically proficient may often be assumed to be incapable of expressing caring. Within a framework of nursing as caring, true technologic competence in clinical nursing practice can be understood as an expression of caring. As such, technological competence assumes an indispensable place in contemporary clinical nursing practice. Nowhere is the link between machine technologies and caring demonstrated more clearly than in the practice of nursing in critical care. A model is presented to illustrate this concurrence.
Factors Influencing Safer Sexual Behaviors in Heterosexual Late Adolescent and Young Adult Collegiate Males
Authors: Cole Frank L. , Slocumb Elaine M.
Published: October 2007

An exploratory study examined variables characterized as predisposing to the practice of safe sexual behaviors. A sample of 227 male subjects from a state‐supported university in southeastern New England returned questionnaires anonymously that contained demographic questions and instruments to measure the study variables. After removing two variables for low internal consistency reliabilities, the remaining five were entered simultaneously into a multiple regression equation. The variables captured 2 1 % of the variance. The direction and magnitude of the statistically significant standardized beta weights are as follows: attitude toward condoms, .41; internal health locus of control, .22; and self‐esteem, ‐.16. These attitudes and characteristics can be incorporated into interventions to reduce sexual exposure to HIV.
The Evolution of Targeted Populations in a School‐Based Tuberculin Testing Program
Authors: Denison Anne Vinal , Shum Serey Yeung
Published: October 2007

A review of tuberculosis surveillance data from a program of school‐based tuberculin testing demonstrates the natural evolution of targeted populations. In the 7 years encompassed by this study, the prevalence of tuberculin reactivity ranged from 4.3 % to 6.1 % in the Amarillo public school populations which were tested. The initial screening was a sampling of all students in the school district. In subsequent years' screening, the targeted populations were increasingly refined to eliminate lower‐risk populations. Children enrolled in “English as a Second Language” (ESL) classes were found to have an 8.5% tuberculosis infection rate. The purpose of this study was to alert nurses that culturally sensitive approaches are needed for successful future testing.