bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Efficient data acquisition and reconstruction for air-coupled ultrasonic robotic NDE
Authors: Hamilton Ciaron , Karpenko Oleksii , Udpa Lalita , Haq Mahmoodul , Deng Yiming
Published: June 2024

Non-destructive evaluation of complex parts using surface scanning techniques, such as ultrasonic testing and eddy current testing, requires complex manipulation of such sensors to ensure quantitative results. A robotic arm may function as a complex manipulator for surface scanning, controlling the position and tilt between the probe and specimen’s surface. To ensure accuracy in probe manipulation, accurate geometric information of the specimen is required. This article explores a methodology that uses structured light for physical-to-virtual reconstruction, providing submillimeter scale and accurate surface geometries. Reconstruction aids in path planning through a novel ray-triangle intersection array algorithm, establishing movements for the NDE probe to orient itself on the specimen at a constant probe to specimen surface distance, or lift-off. The proposed technique is demonstrated and validated through experimental air-coupled ultrasonic inspection of automotive CFRP composite samples with simulated flaws such as interlaminar delamination. The proposed method employs guided waves and a pitch-catch configuration of air-coupled ultrasonic probes, enabling single-side access scans. A Fanuc 100ib robot arm was used to manipulate the ultrasonic probes along a sample reconstructed with a CR-Scan 01 structured light sensor. The probes were excited at 200khz from a SonoAir system, while also recovering defect vs background information synchronized with the probe’s orientation. Additionally, a framework for potential automation is proposed, with further details to be explored in future works.
Numerical research on disastrous mechanism of seepage instability of karst collapse column considering variable mass effect
Authors: Zhengzheng Cao , Shuaiyang Zhang , Zhenhua Li , Feng Du , Cunhan Huang , Wenqiang Wang
Published: June 2024

In order to reveal the disastrous mechanism of seepage instability of karst collapse column considering variable mass effect, a variable mass fluid–solid coupling mechanical model of water inrush is established, by considering the random distribution characteristics of a collapse column. Taking Qianjin coal mine as the research background, based on the Weibull distribution theory, the heterogeneous distribution characteristics of rock mass is described, and COMSOL Multiphysics numerical simulation software is employed to simulate the seepage characteristics and inrush water changes in collapse columns under different conditions of homogeneity, water pressure, and initial porosity. The research results show that the greater the homogeneity is, the more water conduction channels are formed, and the porosity increases accordingly, when considering the influence of different homogeneity on the seepage characteristics of broken rock mass, which eventually leads to water inrush accidents and a sharp increase in water inflow. Besides, when studying the seepage evolution law of different water pressures on a broken rock mass, an elevation of water pressure dramatically increases the porosity and seepage rate of the water. Over time, the broken rock particles gradually migrate and the fine particles are transported and eroded by the water flow, resulting in changes in the seepage characteristics and the formation of potential water diversion channels. Finally, when taking into account the effect of different initial porosity on the fractured rock mass seepage characteristics, the greater the original porosity is, the higher the seepage velocity is, and the particle migration increases the permeability. This leads to a more pronounced conductive water passage formation, which reveals the disastrous mechanism of seepage instability of karst collapse column considering variable mass effect.
A hybrid deep approach to recognizing student activity and monitoring health physique based on accelerometer data from smartphones
Authors: Xiao Lei , Luo Kangrong , Liu Juntong , Foroughi Andia
Published: June 2024

Smartphone sensors have gained considerable traction in Human Activity Recognition (HAR), drawing attention for their diverse applications. Accelerometer data monitoring holds promise in understanding students’ physical activities, fostering healthier lifestyles. This technology tracks exercise routines, sedentary behavior, and overall fitness levels, potentially encouraging better habits, preempting health issues, and bolstering students’ well-being. Traditionally, HAR involved analyzing signals linked to physical activities using handcrafted features. However, recent years have witnessed the integration of deep learning into HAR tasks, leveraging digital physiological signals from smartwatches and learning features automatically from raw sensory data. The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) network stands out as a potent algorithm for analyzing physiological signals, promising improved accuracy and scalability in automated signal analysis. In this article, we propose a feature analysis framework for recognizing student activity and monitoring health based on smartphone accelerometer data through an edge computing platform. Our objective is to boost HAR performance by accounting for the dynamic nature of human behavior. Nonetheless, the current LSTM network’s presetting of hidden units and initial learning rate relies on prior knowledge, potentially leading to suboptimal states. To counter this, we employ Bidirectional LSTM (BiLSTM), enhancing sequence processing models. Furthermore, Bayesian optimization aids in fine-tuning the BiLSTM model architecture. Through fivefold cross-validation on training and testing datasets, our model showcases a classification accuracy of 97.5% on the tested dataset. Moreover, edge computing offers real-time processing, reduced latency, enhanced privacy, bandwidth efficiency, offline capabilities, energy efficiency, personalization, and scalability. Extensive experimental results validate that our proposed approach surpasses state-of-the-art methodologies in recognizing human activities and monitoring health based on smartphone accelerometer data.
Evidence of introduced honeybees (Apis mellifera) as pollen wasters in orchid pollination
Authors: Scaccabarozzi Daniela , Guzzetti Lorenzo , Pioltelli Emiliano , Brundrett Mark , Aromatisi Andrea , Polverino Giovanni , Vallejo-Marin Mario , Cozzolino Salvatore , Ren Zong-Xin
Published: June 2024

Biological invasions threaten global biodiversity, altering landscapes, ecosystems, and mutualistic relationships like pollination. Orchids are one of the most threatened plant families, yet the impact of invasive bees on their reproduction remains poorly understood. We conduct a global literature survey on the incidence of invasive honeybees (Apis mellifera) on orchid pollination, followed by a study case on Australian orchids. Our literature survey shows that Apis mellifera is the primary alien bee visiting orchids worldwide. However, in most cases, introduced honeybees do not deposit orchid pollen. We also test the extent to which introduced honeybees affect orchid pollination using Diuris brumalis and D. magnifica. Diuris brumalis shows higher fruit set and pollination in habitats with both native and invasive bees compared to habitats with only introduced bees. Male and female reproductive success in D. magnifica increases with native bee abundance, while conversely pollinator efficiency decreases with honeybee abundance and rises with habitat size. Our results suggest that introduced honeybees are likely involved in pollen removal but do not effectively deposit orchid pollen, acting as pollen wasters. However, Apis mellifera may still contribute to pollination of Diuris where native bees no longer exist. Given the global occurrence of introduced honeybees, we warn that certain orchids may suffer from pollen depletion by these invaders, especially in altered habitats with compromised pollination communities.
Knowledge graph-derived feed efficiency analysis via pig gut microbiota
Authors: Zhang Junmei , Jiang Qin , Du Zhihong , Geng Yilin , Hu Yuren , Tong Qichang , Song Yunfeng , Zhang Hong-Yu , Yan Xianghua , Feng Zaiwen
Published: June 2024

Feed efficiency (FE) is essential for pig production, has been reported to be partially explained by gut microbiota. Despite an extensive body of research literature to this topic, studies regarding the regulation of feed efficiency by gut microbiota remain fragmented and mostly confined to disorganized or semi-structured unrestricted texts. Meanwhile, structured databases for microbiota analysis are available, yet they often lack a comprehensive understanding of the associated biological processes. Therefore, we have devised an approach to construct a comprehensive knowledge graph by combining unstructured textual intelligence with structured database information and applied it to investigate the relationship between pig gut microbes and FE. Firstly, we created thepgmReadingknowledge base and the domain ontology of pig gut microbiota by annotating, extracting, and integrating semantic information from 157 scientific publications. Secondly, we created thepgmPubtatorby utilizing PubTator to expand the semantic information related to microbiota. Thirdly, we created thepgmDatabaseby mapping and combining the ADDAGMA, gutMGene, and KEGG databases based on the ontology. These three knowledge bases were integrated to form the Pig Gut Microbial Knowledge Graph (PGMKG). Additionally, we created five biological query cases to validate the performance of PGMKG. These cases not only allow us to identify microbes with the most significant impact on FE but also provide insights into the metabolites produced by these microbes and the associated metabolic pathways. This study introduces PGMKG, mapping key microbes in pig feed efficiency and guiding microbiota-targeted optimization.
Quantum circuit for high order perturbation theory corrections
Authors: Li Junxu , Gao Xingyu
Published: June 2024

Perturbation theory (PT) might be one of the most powerful and fruitful tools for both physicists and chemists, which has led to a wide variety of applications. Over the past decades, advances in quantum computing provide opportunities for alternatives to classical methods. Recently, a general quantum circuit estimating the low order PT corrections has been proposed. In this article, we revisit the quantum circuits for PT calculations, and develop the methods for higher order PT corrections of eigenenergy, especially the 3rd and 4th order corrections. We present the feasible quantum circuit to estimate each term in these PT corrections. There are two the fundamental operations in the proposed circuit. One approximates the perturbation terms, the other approximates the inverse of unperturbed energy difference. The proposed method can be generalized to higher order PT corrections.
Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) improves emotion regulation in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Authors: Estaji Reza , Hosseinzadeh Mariam , Arabgol Fariba , Nejati Vahid
Published: June 2024

Children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) typically exhibit difficulties in emotion regulation. It has been shown that the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) are crucially involved in these deficient processes. In this study, we aimed to explore the impact of electrical stimulation over the left dlPFC and right vmPFC on emotion regulation in children with ADHD. Twenty-four children with ADHD completed the Emotional Go/No-Go and Emotional 1-Back tasks while undergoing transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in three separate sessions, each with a different electrode placement: anodal dlPFC (F3)/cathodal vmPFC (Fp2), anodal vmPFC (Fp2)/cathodal dlPFC (F3), and sham stimulation. During both real tDCS conditions, the accuracy of pre-potent inhibitory control and working memory performance improved, but not speed. This study provides evidence that the left dlPFC and the right vmPFC are involved in emotion regulation in ADHD.
High concentrations of Maraviroc do not alter immunological and metabolic parameters of CD4 T cells
Authors: De La Torre Tarazona Erick , Passaes Caroline , Moreno Santiago , Sáez-Cirión Asier , Alcamí José
Published: June 2024

Maraviroc (MVC) is an antiretroviral drug capable of binding to CCR5 receptors and block HIV entry into target cells. Moreover, MVC can activate NF-kB pathway and induce viral transcription in HIV-infected cells, being proposed as a latency reversal agent (LRA) in HIV cure strategies. However, the evaluation of immunological and metabolic parameters induced by MVC concentrations capable of inducing HIV transcription have not been explored in depth. We cultured isolated CD4 T cells in the absence or presence of MVC, and evaluated the frequency of CD4 T cell subpopulations and activation markers levels by flow cytometry, and the oxidative and glycolytic metabolic rates of CD4 T cells using a Seahorse Analyzer. Our results indicate that a high concentration of MVC did not increase the levels of activation markers, as well as glycolytic or oxidative metabolic rates in CD4 T cells. Furthermore, MVC did not induce significant changes in the frequency and activation levels of memory cell subpopulations. Our data support a safety profile of MVC as a promising LRA candidate since it does not induce alterations of the immunological and metabolic parameters that could affect the functionality of these immune cells.
The relationship between prognosis and temporal muscle thickness in 102 patients with glioblastoma
Authors: Tang Jinhai , Dong Zhenghao , Yang Lei , Yang Ping , Zhao Wanying , Deng Lvdan , Xue Juan , Cui Yijie , Li Qizheng , Tang Lufan , Sheng Junxiu , Zhang Yu , Zhang Huimin , Chen Tongtong , Dong Bin , Lv Xiupeng
Published: June 2024

Temporal muscle thickness measured on 3D MRI has recently been linked to prognosis in glioblastoma patients and may serve as an independent prognostic indicator. This single-center study looked at temporal muscle thickness and prognosis in patients with primary glioblastoma. Overall survival was the major study outcome. For a retrospective analysis from 2010 to 2020, clinical data from 102 patients with glioblastoma at the Department of Oncology Radiotherapy of the First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University were gathered. Fifty-five cases from 2016 to 2020 contained glioblastoma molecular typing data, of which 45 were IDH wild-type glioblastomas and were analysed separately. TMT was measured on enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance images in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma.Overall patient survival (OS) was calculated by the Kaplan–Meier method and survival curves were plotted using the log-rank-sum test to determine differences between groups, and multifactorial analyses were performed using a Cox proportional-risk model.The median TMT for 102 patients was 6.775 mm (range: 4.95–10.45 mm). Patients were grouped according to median TMT, and the median overall survival (23.0 months) was significantly longer in the TMT > median group than in the TMT median group (P 0.001; Log-rank test). Analysing 45 patients with IDH wild type alone, the median overall survival (12 months) of patients in the TMT > median group was significantly longer than that of patients in the TMT ≤ median group (8 months) (P < 0.001; Log-rank test).TMT can serve as an independent prognostic factor for glioblastoma.
Mediating roles of activities of daily living and depression on the relationship between sleep quality and health-related quality of life
Authors: Ren Xiao-Qing , Zhao Gong-Ming , Fang Shuo-Wen , Xu Ling-Feng , Wang Li-Dan , Zhao Lin-Hai , Lu Man-Man
Published: June 2024

This study aimed to explore the mediating effects of ADL and depression on the relationship between sleep quality and HRQOL among older people in rural China, while also exploring the moderating impact of loneliness. The study gathered data from a household survey conducted among 1587 Chinese rural older adults (mean age = 73.63 years). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.0 software (IBM, New York, USA) and the PROCESS macro version 4.0 program. The findings indicated a significant correlation between sleep quality, ADL, depression, loneliness and HRQOL. ADL and depression exhibited a chain mediation effect on the relationship between sleep quality and HRQOL. Notably, the association between sleep quality and HRQOL was entirely mediated by ADL and depression. Additionally, loneliness acted as a moderator in the relationship between ADL and HRQOL. The findings of this study suggest that interventions focusing on sleep quality should prioritize strategies for enhancing older adults’ ADL and depression as integral components of promoting older adults’ HRQOL.
Nonlinear wave propagation in a bistable optical chain with nonreciprocal coupling
Authors: Aguilera-Rojas Pedro J. , Alfaro-Bittner Karin , Clerc Marcel G. , Díaz-Zúñiga Manuel , Moya Amaru , Pinto-Ramos David , Rojas René G.
Published: June 2024

The propagation of nonlinear waves, such as fires, weather fronts, and disease spread, has drawn attention since the dawn of time. A well-known example of nonlinear wave–fronts–in our daily lives is the domino waves, which propagate equally toward the left or right flank due to their reciprocal coupling. However, there are other situations where front propagation is not fully understood, such as bistable fronts with nonreciprocal coupling. These couplings are characterised by the fact that the energy emitter and receiver are not interchangeable. Here, we study the propagation of nonlinear waves in a bistable optical chain forced by nonreciprocal optical feedback. The spatiotemporal evolution and the front speeds are characterised as a function of the nonreciprocal coupling. We derive an equation to describe the interacting optical elements in a liquid crystal light valve with nonreciprocal optical feedback and compare the experimental results with numerical simulations of the coupled bistable systems.
Gold film deposition by infrared laser photothermal treatment on 3D-printed electrodes: electrochemical performance enhancement and application
Authors: Veloso William B. , Meloni Gabriel N. , Arantes Iana V. S. , Pradela-Filho Lauro A. , Muñoz Rodrigo A. A. , Paixão Thiago R. L. C.
Published: June 2024

Deposition of a nanostructured gold film on the surface of 3D-printed electrodes by infrared laser photothermal treatment for non-enzymatic glucose detection.
Chemical fuel-driven transient 2D supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs): catalysis for green synthesis
Authors: Du Hongzhi , Zhao Mingyu , Lang Xianhua , Li Xiangyang , Zhao Hui
Published: June 2024

Chemical fuel-driven transient 2D supramolecular organic frameworks (SOFs), formed through redox reaction-driven self-assembly, hold promise as eco-friendly catalysts for aqueous synthesis.
Silver-catalyzed P-centered anion nucleophilic addition to isocyanide: access to 2-phosphinoyl indoles/indol-3-ols
Authors: Liu Yong , Jia Mengying , Wang Guodong , Yang Wenhui , Xu Xianxiu
Published: June 2024

A silver-catalyzed P-centered anion-initiated cascade reaction of functionalized arylisocyanides with H-phosphorus oxides was established for the expeditious synthesis of various 2-phosphinoyl-indole/-indol-3-ol derivatives.
Pathological biopsy strategy by regulating intracellular ROS to precisely differentiate cancer cells from diseased tissues
Authors: Zhang Shaoxiong , Liao Chunyan , Wei Wei , Zhang Shiyong
Published: June 2024

Pathological biopsy strategy by regulating intracellular ROS levels combined with chemiluminescence imaging technology.
Study on defects during Fe3+ doping and annealing in ADP crystals
Authors: You Teng-Hui , Dai Yan-Meng , Yu Jian , Ye Hai-Xian , Zhou Cang-Tao , Cao Xing-Zhong , Dai Wan-Jun , Cao Lei-Feng
Published: June 2024

This study systematically analyzed the effects of Fe3+ ion doping and annealing treatment on the properties of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (ADP) crystals.
Electronic correlations and intrinsic magnetism of interstitial quasi-atomic states in Li8Au electride
Authors: Novoselov Dmitry Y. , Korotin Dmitry M. , Shorikov Alexey O. , Anisimov Vladimir I. , Oganov Artem R.
Published: June 2024

Our study enhances the general understanding of the importance of many-body effects in the interstitial quasi-atomic (ISQ) subsystem of electronic states and reveals the mechanism of formation of intrinsic magnetic moments in Li8Au electride.
Essential dynamics of ubiquitin in water and in a natural deep eutectic solvent
Authors: Gomes Inês , Martins Gabriel. F. , Galamba Nuno
Published: June 2024

We study the stability of ubiquitin in anhydrous and aqueous betaine:glycerol deep eutectic solvent through principal component analysis at room and high temperatures.
Photoswitchable luminescent lanthanide complexes controlled and interrogated by four orthogonal wavelengths of light
Authors: Simms Charlie H. , Nielsen Villads R. M. , Sørensen Thomas Just , Faulkner Stephen , Langton Matthew J.
Published: June 2024

An investigation into the photophysical properties of visible light switchable luminescent lanthanide complexes for use in optical information storage.
Extension of multi-site analogue series with potent compounds using a bidirectional transformer-based chemical language model
Authors: Chen Hengwei , Yoshimori Atsushi , Bajorath Jürgen
Published: June 2024

Shown is the extension of an analogue series with a new potent compound using a chemical language model. Substitution sites and non-hydrogen R-groups are colored in red (the log-likelihood score for the new analogue is reported in parentheses).
Correction: Physical probing of quantum energy levels in a single indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dot
Authors: Rezeq Moh'd , Abbas Yawar , Wen Boyu , Wasilewski Zbig , Ban Dayan
Published: June 2024

Correction for ‘Physical probing of quantum energy levels in a single indium arsenide (InAs) quantum dot’ by Moh'd Rezeq et al., Nanoscale Adv., 2023, 5, 5562–5569, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3NA00638G.
A dual-heteroatom–lanthanide cluster-embedded polyoxotungstate for sequential fluorescence detection of Fe3+ and pyrophosphate
Authors: Zhang Siyu , Gong Tiantian , Liu Chenyun , Wang Qiuyu , Chen Fuxiu , Liu Jiancai , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei
Published: June 2024

A dual-heteroatom–lanthanide cluster-embedded polyoxotungstate was prepared and used for sequential fluorescence detection of Fe3+ and pyrophosphate.
Synergistic coupling of defective SOx-containing carbon and iron phthalocyanine for efficient oxygen reduction
Authors: Cao Yu , Zhao Yukun , Zhang Yan , Zhu Kai , Wang Xinjun , Li Ge , Zhang Qing , Bai Zhengyu
Published: June 2024

In this paper, we dispersed FePc on an SOx-riched carbon substrate through a facile ultrasound method. The additional introduced SOx functional groups leading to optimized intermediate adsorption behavior, resulting in optimized ORR activity.
Benzeneseleninic acid used as an oxidizing and deprotecting reagent for the synthesis of multi-cyclic peptides constrained by multiple disulfide bonds and thioether bridges
Authors: Xing Yueyue , Bo Tianyu , Zhang Nan , Wu Meiqi , Wang Jiawei , Shen Shigang , Wang Yafang , Song Changying , Shi Tiesheng , Huo Shuying
Published: June 2024

New methodologies based on benzeneseleninic acid (BSA) were designed to efficiently synthesize multiple disulfide bonds or thioether bridges in peptides in a one-pot manner in which BSA dually functioned as an oxidant and a deprotecting reagent.
Restoring the pH-responsiveness for amine-conjugated 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers
Authors: Heck Alina G. , Nuhn Lutz
Published: June 2024

Azide-functionalized 2-propionic-3-methylmaleic anhydride linkers can conjugate amines, however, pH-resonsive reversibility can only be achieved for aliphatic primary amines by amidation in diethyl ether.
Exploring mechanisms of mupirocin resistance and hyper-resistance
Authors: Zivkovic Igor , Gruic-Sovulj Ita
Published: June 2024

Mupirocin is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that acts predominantly against Gram-positive bacteria. It is produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens NCIMB 10586 and has been clinically used to treat primary and secondary skin infections and to eradicate nasal colonisation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. Mupirocin inhibits protein synthesis by blocking the active site of isoleucyl-tRNA synthetase (IleRS), which prevents the enzyme from binding isoleucine and ATP for Ile-tRNAIle synthesis. Two types of IleRS are found in bacteria — while IleRS1 is susceptible to mupirocin inhibition, IleRS2 provides resistance to cells. These two types belong to distinct evolutionary clades which likely emerged from an early gene duplication in bacteria. Resistance in IleRS2 is based on the loss of interactions that govern mupirocin binding to IleRS1, such as hydrogen bonding to the carboxylate moiety of mupirocin. IleRS2 enzymes with Ki in the millimolar range have recently been discovered. These hyper-resistant IleRS2 variants surprisingly have a non-canonical version of the catalytic motif, which serves as a signature motif of class I aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to which IleRS belongs. The non-canonical motif, in which the 1st and 3rd positions are swapped, is key for hyper-resistance and can be accommodated without abolishing enzyme activity in IleRS2 but not in IleRS1. Clinical use of mupirocin led to the emergence of resistance in S. aureus. Low-level resistance arises by mutations of the housekeeping IleRS1, while high-level resistance develops by the acquisition of the resistant IleRS2 on a plasmid. There is no evidence that hyper-resistant variants have been found in clinical isolates.
A Tutorial for Enhancing Clarity and Transparency in Speech-Language-Hearing Sciences Intervention Research With the TIDieR
Authors: Ford Andrea L. B. , Kuchler Kirstin , Cakir-Dilek Betul , Elmquist Marianne , Finestack Lizbeth H.
Published: June 2024

Purpose:

The speech-language-hearing sciences (SLHS) field relies on rigorous research to inform clinical practice and improve outcomes for individuals with communication, swallowing, and hearing needs. However, a significant challenge in our field is the lack of accessibility, transparency, and reproducibility of this research. Such insufficiencies limit the generalizability and impact of study findings, particularly intervention research, as it becomes difficult to replicate and use the interventions in both clinical practice and research. In this tutorial, we highlight one particularly useful tool, the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR; Hoffmann et al., 2014) checklist, which researchers can follow to improve reproducibility practices in SLHS.

Conclusions:

We provide an overview and guide on using the TIDieR checklist with a practical example of its implementation. Additionally, we discuss the potential benefits of increased transparency and reproducibility for SLHS, including improved clinical outcomes and increased confidence in the effectiveness of interventions. We also provide specific recommendations for scientists, journal reviewers, editors, and editorial boards as they seek to adopt, implement, and encourage using the TIDieR checklist.
Cross‐scale resolution consistent network for salient object detection
Authors: Huang Xiaoyu , Liu Wei , Li Minghui , Nie Hangyu
Published: June 2024

The salient object detection task tries to simulate the human visual system for most eye‐catching objects or regions detection. However, due to the complexity of the visual mechanisms, current methods will suffer from severe performance degradation, leading to inconsistent prediction results for the same regions, when directly adopting a model trained on a fixed resolution to evaluate at other different resolutions. Considering that consistency in predictions is essential for salient object detection, a cross‐scale resolution consistent salient object detection method, called RCNet, is proposed. Specifically, to enhance the model's capacity for generalization across images of varying resolutions and make the model implicitly learn the scale invariance, a multi‐resolution data enhancement module is constructed to generate images with arbitrary resolutions for the same scene. Moreover, to accomplish better multi‐level feature fusion, a cross‐scale fusion module is developed to fuse high‐level semantic features and low‐level detail features. Additionally, to explicitly learn the scale invariance of the salient scores, a hybrid salient consistency loss is formulated on salient object detection with different resolutions. Comprehensive evaluations on five benchmark datasets show that RCNet achieves a highly competitive result.
Phenotyping of experimental rice population in accelerated breeding of new varieties with valuable grain quality traits
Authors: Mukhina Zhanna , Tumanyan Natalya , Papulova Ellina , Yesaulova Liubov , Garkusha Sergei
Published: June 2024

The study of the consumer advantages of rice samples was carried out in connection with the development of an effective breeding methodology for developing rice genotypes based on an accelerated breeding process. The aim of the research was to study the protein and amylose content in rice grain samples of the parent white-grain and red-grain forms and generations of BC2. In the program of developing varieties based on the use of modern postgenomic and cellular technologies, BC2 and their parent forms - samples of the USI “Collection of the FSC of rice” belonging to various groups by the grain form, white-grained, served as the research material. The crop was grown on the experimental plot of Federal Scientific Rice Centre. As a result of the work carried out, samples with an unpainted pericarp were isolated for large-scale genotyping. Phenotyping of the studied rice samples was carried out by protein and amylose content in rice grains. The assessment on the basis of “protein content” was carried out using a universal infrared express analyzer “Multicheck Plus”, InfraLUM FT 6, the amylose content in starch of rice grain varieties – according to GOST ISO 6647-2-2015 Fig. BC2 groups with a high protein content, more than 8.8% and amylose content 1 – 16.0-19.0 %, 2 - amylose content 20.0-22.0%, 3 - amylose content 22.1-27.0% were identified in BC2 grain combinations.
Biotechnology of increasing the productivity of plants under the influence of microbiological preparations
Authors: Tagaeva Mukhayo , Ro’ziyeva Zulxumor , Jumayev Tolibjon
Published: June 2024

Scientific and research work was carried out to determine the bioregulatory properties of Botryococcus, Chlorococcus, Tetradesmus Scenedesmus strains in plant growth. In the initial stages of the research, the influence of these microwater strains on the general germination of the seeds of the medium-ripe cotton variety "Bukhara-10" was studied, in which the international gene bank stored in the scientific laboratory "Biotechnology" of the Tashkent Institute of Chemical Technology was studied. Registered microalgae were used as main objects in our research.
Green microalgae chlorella in the study of the biosynthetic potential of higher plantsin vitro
Authors: Dudina Iuliia , Kalashnikova Elena , Kirakosyan Rima
Published: June 2024

Biostimulants and biofertilizers based on macro- and microalgae have managed to establish themselves as an actual replacement for toxic substances, demonstrating high efficiency on plants of various taxonomic groups. There is an unique organic product chlorella (Chlorella vulgaris), a green microalgae containing more than 650 substances, which creates the prerequisites for its effective use as a substrate for the propagation of culturesin vitro. A method has been developed for propagating plants of different taxonomic groupsin vitro. It has been shown that there is a difference in the perception of chlorella as a source of nutrients depending on the taxonomy group of plants.
Study of chemical composition and antioxidant activity of magnolia plant seed
Authors: Tukhtaboeva F. M. , Khoshimjonova M. N. , Tuychieva D. S. , Bakhromov R. M.
Published: June 2024

In the article, some physiological and biochemical properties of the seeds, leaves, and inflorescences of Magnolia soulangeana, Magnolia grandiflora, and Magnolia stellate, introduced in Uzbekistan, were studied. In particular, the amount of macro- and micronutrients in the generative organs was determined and analyzed. The amount of heavy metals and toxic substances such as Cd, Sb, Ng, Va, As in Magnolia soulangeana and Magnolia Grandiflora plants was also determined. Antioxidant activity of plant species gultoji leaves was also studied. When comparing the indicators of studied species Magnolia soulangeana, Magnolia Grandiflora and Magnolia stellate, it was observed that antioxidant activity is relatively low in Magnolia Grandiflora species.
The effectiveness of the use of the drug "Fungivet" in dermatophytosis in cats
Authors: Alekseeva Tatyana , Krotova Olga , Savenkov Konstantin , Dordzhieva Bairta , Chimidova Sofia , Artaev Timur
Published: June 2024

Dermatophytoses are a widespread group of infectious diseases known since ancient times, but still a problem even for modern clinical veterinary medicine. Despite the fact that vaccination against fungal infections for cats is a fairly common procedure in Russia, these diseases do not cease to be registered in our country. At the moment, veterinarians have increasingly begun to use systemic antifungal drugs in the treatment of animals, which show high effectiveness in combating dermatophytosis. They have a convenient application scheme, the drugs have a cumulative effect in tissues, while they do not have a toxic effect on the liver. This indicates the need to develop this topic, to develop new tools for animal immunization. It is also necessary to choose the most effective treatment regimen for this disease in order to minimize its spread among cats living in shelters, specialized kennels, and to prevent infection of people in contact with them. The development of effective methods for the treatment of dermatophytosis in cats is one of the promising areas of veterinary science and practice. since they are zooanthroponotic diseases. In most cases, human infection occurs due to his close contact with sick animals (more often cats) in case of non-compliance with sanitary and hygienic rules. Children under 7 years of age are at greater risk of infection, and a decrease in immunity significantly increases the duration of treatment for this pathology. The disease is accompanied by an increase in body temperature, headaches, intoxication syndrome, and may be complicated by the addition of a secondary bacterial infection requiring special treatment.
Assessment of degradation transformations of agricultural lands
Authors: Zhichkina Lyudmila , Mirgorodskaya Marina , Zhichkin Kirill , Marenkov Alexey , Ergashev Ismoil , Tumanov Alexey , Volgin Andrei
Published: June 2024

The use of soil for the production of crop products leads to changes in the natural properties of soils and their natural state. When various situations arise, soil properties can change in different forms and with unequal degrees of severity; a process that worsens quantitative and qualitative properties is defined as soil degradation. The significant role of soil in people’s lives should serve as an incentive for its rational use and to prevent the occurrence of degradation transformations leading to a decrease in its environmental and production functions. The purpose of the research is to assess soil contamination of agricultural lands in the Samara region with insecto-acaricides and herbicides. Objectives: - to establish the average and maximum content of residual quantities of pesticides in soils; - determine the area of contamination with residual quantities of pesticides. The research was carried out in 7 districts (Bezenchuksky, Syzransky, Stavropolsky, Volzhsky, Privolzhsky, Bolshechernigovsky, Elkhovsky) of the Samara region in 2020-2022. To assess soil contamination with residual amounts of pesticides, soil samples were taken in spring and autumn to the depth of the arable layer. In selected soil samples, the residual amount of insectoacaricides (DDT, HCH, HCB, metaphos) and herbicides (prometrin, atrazine, simazine, 2.4-D, trifluralin, THAN, dalapon) was determined. The analysis of contamination of agricultural land in the study region showed that the content of controlled pesticides in soils depended on both the period of soil sampling and the year of research.
Hygienic assessment of drinking water from underground sources of centralized water supply systems of Fergana City
Authors: Abduvaliyeva Feruzaxon , Turdiyev Shavkat , Azimova Mayram , Soliyev Bakhtiyor , Atadjanova Dilfuza
Published: June 2024

One of the urgent tasks of workers in the preventive medical sphere is to assess the environmental and hygienic aspects of optimizing the water supply to the population. Determination of the characteristics of groundwater formation and the most important factors of imbalance of drinking water, conditions for the population to use groundwater sources as drinking water and environmental and hygienic assessment of water quality, health status of the population and the role and importance of water as a factor in the occurrence of disease, conducting and analyzing a sociological survey of the population on the problem of drinking water supply and the development of a set of measures to optimize the conditions for providing the population with drinking water.
Some aspects of vertical distribution of Aculeata (Hymenoptera, Insecta) in glades within forest ecosystems (temperate forests as an example)
Authors: Ruchin Alexander
Published: June 2024

The vertical distribution and seasonal abundance of Aculeata in glades in temperate forests of central European Russia was investigated. It was shown that the total number increased at a height of 6 and 8 m and decreased at a height of 2 m. At the same time, the species diversity of this group did not differ at different heights. Beer traps were dominated by social wasps from the family Vespidae, dominated by Vespa crabro and Vespula vulgaris. The subdominants were Dolichovespula media and Polistes nimpha. The maximum abundance of Vespa crabro was obtained at a height of 6 m, and Vespula vulgaris at a height of 8 m. Polistes nympha predominated in abundance at a height of 2 and 4 m, and the abundance of Dolichovespula media was higher at a height of 8 and 10 m. The seasonal rhythm of abundance included a minimum in June and reached a maximum in July and August. It did not differ at different heights.
Study of reparative processes and immune mechanisms in liver tissues and blood plasma of rats against the background of loading with plant extracts and induced oxidative stress
Authors: Kuzina Ekaterina , Pavlova Olga , Gulenko Olga , Gromova Darya , Bukareva Olga
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to investigate reparative processes and immune mechanisms in rat liver tissues against the background of loading with aqueous extracts of blackberry and common sawfly and induced oxidative stress. 120 rats were used in the experiment. According to group affiliation animals received aqueous extracts of common and blackberry in a dose of 50 mg/100g of weight, 1.5 ml daily for 30 days, and animals of the control group received distilled water in the same mode. Starting from 30 days of the experiment, rats were injected with CCl4 for 6 days. On the 37th day of the experiment, rats were killed according to ethical standards. The number of sinusoidal cells was counted in liver tissues. The content of cytokines in liver homogenates and blood plasma of rats was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Conclusion. Aqueous extracts of fir and blackberry modulate to different degrees the functional state of sinusoidal cells in early periods of toxic exposure to tetrachloromethane, which contributes to the early resolution of the inflammatory process. Exposure of aqueous extracts of fir and blackberry to sinusoidal cells changes the production of regulatory factors, which compensates the speed of recovery processes after toxic exposure.
Fine-grained self-sealing concrete for green construction of agro-industrial facilities
Authors: Kastornykh Lyubov , Kaklyugin Alexander , Gikalo Maxim , Kholodnyak Mikhail , Kuzmenko Denis
Published: June 2024

The research results reflecting the features of the technology of fine-grained self-sealing concrete with aggregates from construction waste for the green construction of agro-industrial facilities are presented. The effect of the type and dosage of polycarboxylate superplasticisers on the properties of cement compositions and concrete mixtures was evaluated by rheological characteristics. It has been established that the rheological compatibility of the superplasticiser with a specific Portland cement is achieved with a rational dosage of an additive that does not provoke water separation of cement. A joint assessment of the rheological characteristics of concrete mixtures and strength parameters of fine-grained selfcompacting concrete was performed. A filler from construction waste – sand from crushed concrete – was used as an enlarging component of natural very fine sand. The grain content of crushed concrete in the fine aggregate varied from 20 to 40% with an interval of 10%. When determining the spread of a normal concrete cone, a visual assessment of the spreading character of the concrete mixture was performed. It was revealed that the rheological properties of self-sealing mixtures are more influenced by the dosage of the superplasticiser. The strength characteristics of fine-grained concrete at an early and design age depend more on the content of the enlarging component in the composition of the fine aggregate. It has been established that the maximum strength of concrete, provided that a stable non-delaminating mixture is obtained, is achieved with a rational dosage of superplasticiser and a sand content of crushed concrete in an amount of no more than 35%.
Assessment of the sedative effect of various anesthetics in Coregonus Peled (Gmelin, 1789) in aquaculture
Authors: Tolmacheva Yulia , Borisova Elena , Dzyuba Elena , Sukhanova Lyubov , Nebesnykh Ivan , Demyanovich Inna , Demyanovich Konstantin
Published: June 2024

The sedative effect of four anesthetic agents in whitefish was studied. It is shown that the effect of anesthetics causes a number of consistent behavioral and physiological reactions in fish, reflecting the change in the state of their body. For most technological fish-breeding processes, it is necessary for fish to stay in a state of muscle relaxation while maintaining respiratory rhythm. These requirements are met by the sedation stage, which is observed with all types of anesthesia in peled. It has been established that the use of some of the tested drugs is incorrect in anesthesia in general in whitefish and in pelage in particular. Thus, the use of sodium thiopental is unacceptable, due to the uncontrolled suppression of the respiratory function of fish under the action of this agent. The use of lidocaine is characterized by prolonged induction, which does not correspond to the temporary norms of fish anesthesia. Among the tested drugs, propofol has sufficient anesthetic efficacy, which is confirmed by the temporary indicators of induction/ recovery, the depth and manageability of anesthesia, and low indicators of respiratory depression. Eugenol can serve as an alternative to propofol, which is cost-effective when working with mass material that requires large financial costs. In general, the choice of anesthetic and the adjustment of its doses depend on the specific task facing the fish breeder-ichthyopathologist.
Negative impact on environmental security: Review of the main causes
Authors: Pitulko Kseniia , Sergeeva Anzhelika
Published: June 2024

The subject of the study is the peculiarities of ensuring environmental security in the context of countering environmental crime. Effective counteraction to it is impossible in the absence of detailed data on the causes of environmental crime. Modern domestic concepts of the determination of criminal behavior are characterized by some diversity, although in general they are based on the analysis of the social complex of causes of crime. Scientists differentiate the established approaches into three groups, isolated depending on whether the determinants are centered on social processes, subjective causes or biological properties of the criminal's personality. Environmental crime has a number of features, and both general and specific determinants may underlie the genesis of criminal behavior. Due to the use of a wide range of general scientific methods (first of all, content analysis and instrumental analysis), the authors substantiate the conclusion about the selfish nature of environmental crime. As a consequence, it is stated that the main criminal threat to environmental security are acts of socially dangerous behavior committed against natural resources and aimed at their illegal trafficking. Damage to the natural environment in most cases is not perceived by the perpetrators acting for personal enrichment. Other types of environmental crimes are associated with improper fulfillment of obligations by economic entities in the field of environmentally safe operation of industrial and other facilities and occupy a negligible share in the overall structure of environmental crime. As a result, the determinants of criminal behavior are based on such factors as the demand for natural resource products and the marginalization of a part of the population living in economically depressed but resource-rich regions of Russia.
Iodine availability of the child population in rural and urban settlements of Central Yakutia
Authors: Borisova Natalia
Published: June 2024

The Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) belongs to the territories with pronounced iodine deficiency in nature and is characterized by a high prevalence of thyroid pathology among the population. Purpose of the work: assessment of iodine availability in the child population of Yakutia. Materials and methods. Preschool children (3 and 6 years old) of Yakutsk city and rural settlements of Yakutia were selected as the object of research. To assess the degree of iodine deficiency, the indicator of iodine excretion with urine was used. The level of urinary iodine excretion (ioduria) and the research of biomedium were determined for the content of 25 chemical elements by inductively coupled argon plasma mass spectrometry. Results. When analyzing the indicators of elemental composition of hair by territorial zones of the republic, iodine deficiency was noted in the 3rd position by prevalence. It was noted that the prevalence of iodine deficiency decreases from 62.15% in 3-year-old children to 10% in the group of 6-year-old children. Analysis of trace elements in children's hair showed deficiency of I in all zones, deficiency was found in more than one third of the subjects. According to the median distribution of iodine in urine in rural children, the 25th percentile was 101 μg/L. Conclusion. Research on iodine supply of children in selected settlements did not reveal iodine deficiency: ioduria indices were within the normal range. Despite this, iodine deficiency in hair was observed in one third of the children studied. The most pronounced iodine deficiency was found in the younger age group of children, which is combined with the maximum incidence of goiter.