bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
APPLICATION OF GRAPHICAL METHODS IN THE ANALYSIS OF SURVIVAL OF PATIENTS WITH BLADDER CANCER
Authors: МАГЕР В О. , КОНСТАНТИНОВА Е Д. , ОГОРОДНИКОВА С Ю. , ВАРАКСИН А Н.
Published: July 2024

В статье представлены результаты применения нескольких графических методов визуализации многомерных данных к решению прикладной задачи - анализа выживаемости пациентов после проведения сложного хирургического вмешательства в зависимости от наличия факторов риска (повышенный индекс коморбидности и курение табака). Использованы ретроспективные данные 754 пациентов с раком мочевого пузыря, перенесших радикальную цистэктомию с декабря 2001 по май 2021 года в онкоурологическом отделении Свердловского Областного онкологического диспансера. В качестве методов визуализации рассмотрены такие подходы, как тепловые карты, кривые выживаемости Каплана-Майера и двухфакторный дисперсионный анализ. Для анализа данных использовался прикладной пакет Statistica for Windows 10 version. Метод тепловых карт позволил наглядно оценить половозрастное распределение пациентов исследуемой выборки. При помощи кривых Каплана-Майера наглядно продемонстрированы и выявлены статистически значимые различия между выживаемостью пациентов с индексом коморбидности Charlson (CACI) < 4 и >4 (p = 0,002). Рассмотренный метод визуализации также показал отсутствие различий общей выживаемости курящих и некурящих (p = 0,597). При помощи двухфакторного дисперсионного анализа была продемонстрирована лучшая выживаемость у некурящих пациентов с меньшим количеством сопутствующих заболеваний.

The article presents the results of the application of several graphical methods of visualization of multidimensional data to the solution of an applied problem - the analysis of patient survival after a complex surgical intervention, depending on the presence of risk factors (increased comorbidity index and tobacco smoking). The retrospective data of 754patients with bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy from December 2001 to May 2021 in the oncourological department of the Sverdlovsk Regional Oncological Dispensary were used. Such approaches as heat maps, Kaplan-Mayer survival curves and two-factor analysis of variance are considered as visualization methods. The Statistica for Windows 10 version application package was used for data analysis. The method of heat maps made it possible to visually assess the gender and age distribution of patients in the study sample. Using Kaplan-Mayer curves, statistically significant differences between the survival of patients with a comorbidity index CACI < 4 and >4 (p = 0,002) were clearly demonstrated and revealed. The considered visualization method also showed no differences in the overall survival of smokers and non-smokers (p = 0,597). Two-factor analysis of variance demonstrated better survival in non-smoking patients with fewer concomitant diseases.
ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PLASTICIZER FOR POLYVINYL CHLORIDE OBTAINED FROM RENEWABLE SOURCES OF RAW MATERIALS
Authors: МАЗИНА Л А. , АМИНОВА А Ф. , СУПРОНЕНКО Д А. , СУХАРЕВА И А. , САЛЬМАНОВА А Т.
Published: July 2024

Опасения по поводу токсичности фталатов стимулируют поиск экологически безопасных пластификаторов, которые не оказывают негативного влияния на здоровье населения. В настоящей работе исследовано влияние экологически безопасного пластификатора эпоксидированного метилового эфира растительного масла (ЭМЭРМ) на свойства ПВХпластикатов. Установлено, что ЭМЭРМ является совместимым пластификатором и позволяет получить полимерный материал с меньшей плотностью, твердостью, лучшей морозостойкостью, более высокой текучестью расплава и потерями при высокотемпературном нагреве, в сравнении с ПВХ пластикатом, полученным с ДОФ. Показано, что при этом возрастание дозировки ЭМЭРМ приводит к более заметному снижению прочности и относительного удлинения, Повышенные потери и снижение физико-механических свойств с увеличением содержания ЭМЭРМ могут ограничивать его содержание в составе ПВХ пластикатов, что следует учитывать на практике. Методом ДМА изучено влияние исследуемых пластификаторов на зависимость механических свойств ПВХ пластиката от температуры. Применение ЭМЭРМ при производстве мягких изделий и материалов из ПВХ рационально для повышения их экологической безопасности и является перспективным для применения в полимерной промышленности.

Concerns about the toxicity of phthalates stimulate the search for environmentally safe plasticizers, which do not have a negative impact on public health. In the present work the effect of environmentally safe plasticizer epoxidized methyl ester of vegetable oil (EMERM) on the properties ofplasticized PVC was investigated. It is established that EMERM is a compatible plasticizer and allows to obtain polymer material with lower density, hardness, better frost resistance, higher melt fluidity and losses during high-temperature heating, in comparison with PVC plasticate obtained with DOP. It is shown that increasing the dosage of EMERM leads to a more noticeable decrease in strength and relative elongation. Increased losses and decrease in physical and mechanical properties with increasing the content of EMERM can limit its content in the composition of plasticized PVC, which should be considered in practice. The influence of the investigated plasticizers on the temperature dependence of mechanical properties ofplasticized PVC has been studied by DMA method. The application of EMERM in the production of soft PVC products and materials is rational to increase their environmental safety and is promising for use in the polymer industry.
STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE FILLER VERMICULITE ON THE PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL CHLORIDE PLASTICS COMPOUNDS
Authors: АМИНОВА А Ф. , ЗАРИПОВ И И. , СТЕПАНОВ А А. , ЗАГИТОВА Л И. , МАЗИТОВА А К.
Published: July 2024

Изучено влияние природного силиката вермикулита на характеристики ПВХ пластикатов. Установлено, что вермикулит улучшает диэлектрические характеристики ПВХ пластиката, снижает его горючесть и дымообразующую способность. Заметное влияние вермикулита на снижение дымообразования при тлении и горении ПВХ пластиката обусловлено образованием пенококса, способствующего теплоизоляции поверхности ПВХ пластиката от обратного теплового потока, замедлению диффузии кислорода в конденсированную фазу и выхода горючих веществ в зону горения. Показана перспективность использования данного наполнителя для улучшения эксплуатационных характеристик ПВХ пластикатов.

The influence of natural silicate vermiculite on the characteristics of PVC plastic compounds was studied. It has been established that vermiculite improves the dielectric characteristics of PVC plastic compound, reduces its flammability and smoke-generating ability. The noticeable effect of vermiculite on reducing smoke generation during smoldering and burning of PVC plastic compound is due to the foamed coke formation, which promotes PVC plastic surface thermal insulation from the reverse heat flow, slowing down the oxygen diffusion into the condensed phase and the release of combustible substances into the combustion zone. The prospects of using this filler to improve PVC plastic compounds performance characteristics have been shown.
SINGLE- AND TWO-PHOTON YOUNG'S EXPERIMENTS FROM THE POINT OF VIEW OF FEYNMAN AMPLITUDES, GREEN FUNCTIONS AND PHOTON COORDINATE WAVE FUNCTIONS
Authors: ДАВЫДОВ А П. , ДОЛГУШИН Д М. , ЗЛЫДНЕВА Т П. , ФАЙЗРАХМАНОВ Н Р.
Published: July 2024

Объясняется одно- и двухфотонный опыт Юнга с помощью 6-компонентной квантовой и 1-компонентной «квазиклассической» волновых функций фотона в координатном представлении, которые моделируются различными механизмами дифракции фотона на отверстиях или одновременного излучения двух фотонов (двумя) независимыми источниками. Это объяснение сопоставляется с хорошо известным вариантом объяснения интерференции частицы «сама с собой» при ее прохождении «сразу через оба отверстия» в опыте Юнга с помощью постулированных амплитуд Фейнмана. Утверждается, что эти амплитуды не могут быть волновыми функциями, в прямом смысле, описывающими некоторые состояния квантовых частиц. Во всех случаях, в предположении линейной поляризации фотонов, получена схожая ярко выраженная интерференционная картина, позволяющая сделать вывод, что координатная волновая функция фотона способна объяснить явления одно- и двухфотонной интерференции. В свою очередь, этот вывод дает возможность ассоциировать измеряемую координатную волновую функцию фотона (и двух фотонов в запутанном состоянии), в некоторых недавних экспериментах, с «квазиклассической» волновой функцией фотона (и двух фотонов), хотя она и не учитывает его (их) поляризационных свойств.

Young's single- and two-photon experiments are explained using 6-component quantum and 1-component "quasi-classical" photon wave functions in coordinate representation, which are modeled by various mechanisms ofphoton diffraction on holes or types of simultaneous emission of two photons by (two) independent sources. This explanation is compared with the well-known version of the explanation of the interference of a particle "with itself when it passes "through both holes at once" in Young's experiment using Feynman's postulated amplitudes. It is argued that these amplitudes cannot be wave functions, in the literal sense, describing some states of quantum particles. In all cases, under the assumption of linear polarization of photons, a pronounced interference pattern was obtained, allowing us to conclude that the coordinate wave function of the photon is capable of explaining the phenomena of single- and two-photon interference. In turn, this conclusion makes it possible to associate the coordinate wave function of the photon (and two photons in an entangled state), measured in some recent experiments, with the "quasi-classical" wave function of the photon (and two photons), although it does not take into account its (their) polarization properties.
FACILITY FOR HARDENING INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS BY PULSED PLASMA FLOWS
Authors: КУТУКОВ А К. , ПАНИН С Е. , ПОДКОВЫРОВ В Л. , СЕРГЕЕЧЕВ А А. , БАЙБАКОВ Г С. , ПЕТРАКОВ М В. , МАМОНОВ А А.
Published: July 2024

Обработка материалов импульсными плазменными потоками является перспективным способом улучшения их эксплуатационных свойств. Работа посвящена созданию технологической установки, позволяющей эффективно упрочнять промышленные металлические изделия. В статье представлены конструктивные решения, принятые при разработке установки для обработки изделий на базе квазистационарного сильноточного плазменного ускорителя. Разработанный плазменный ускоритель способен генерировать импульсную плазму, тепловое воздействие которой характеризуется нагревом поверхности большинства материалов до температур, превышающих плавление при различной длительности импульса. Система энергопитания установки позволяет формировать разряд с длительностью более 1 мс, что ранее не достигалось ни на одном из аналогичных плазменных ускорителей. Установка оснащена автоматизированной системой управления, а также специальной оснасткой для размещения и позиционирования промышленных изделий. В совокупности характеристики разработанной установки позволяют производить обработку изделий в широком диапазоне режимов при малой длительности технологического цикла.

The treatment of materials by pulsed plasma ows is a promising way to improve their performance properties. The work is devoted to the creation of a technological facility that allows to effectively harden industrial metal products. The article presents the design solutions adopted in the development of the facility for products treatment based on a quasi-stationary high-current plasma accelerator. The developed plasma accelerator is capable of generating pulsed plasma, the thermal effect of which is characterized by heating the surface of most materials to temperatures exceeding melting at different pulse durations. The power supply system of the facility makes it possible to form a discharge with a duration of more than 1 ms, which was not previously achieved on any of the similar plasma accelerators. The facility is equipped with an automated control system, as well as special equipment for placing and positioning industrial products. Taken together, the characteristics of the developed facility make it possible to treat products in a wide range of modes with a short duration of the technological cycle.
3-FOLD REDUCTION IN GENERATION THRESHOLD AND 2-FOLD INCREASE IN EFFICIENCY ND3+:YAG LASER WITH HF PUMPING OF THE LAMP IGNITION
Authors: ВАЛЬШИН А М. , ОРЛОВИЧ В А. , БЕЛЬКОВ С А. , ПЕРШИН С М. , ПУЗЫРЕВСКИЙ В И.
Published: July 2024

Достигнуто 3-кратное снижение порога генерации и 2-кратное повышение КПД Nd3+:YAG лазера при высокочастотном (ВЧ, 3 МГц) «розжиге» лампы в течение 300-400 мкс после её ВЧ поджига по сравнению с разрядом емкости без ВЧ розжига. Лазер собран на коммерческом квантроне К301 с Nd3+:YAG активным элементом (06*60 мм) и коммерческой лампой ДНП 06*90 с криптоном в резонаторе (400 мм) с плоскими зеркалами (100 % и 55 % на длине волны 1064 нм). Порог генерации лазера регистрировали по второй гармонике (532 нм) с помощью стандартного люминофора из прессованного кристалла LiNbO3. Обсуждается использование режима повышение КПД и стабильности генерации задающих каскадов больших лазерных комплексов из-за уменьшения тепловой нагрузки на активные элементы.

A 3-fold reduction in the lasing threshold and a 2-fold increase in the efficiency of the Nd3+:YAG laser were achieved with high-frequency (HF, 3 MHz) "ignition" of the lamp within 300-400 (is after its HF ignition compared to discharging the capacitance without RF ignition. The laser is assembled on a commercial K301 quantron with an Nd3+:YAG active element (06x60 mm) and a commercial DNP lamp 06x90 with krypton in the resonator (400 mm) with flat mirrors (100 % and 55 % at a wavelength of 1064 nm). The laser generation threshold was recorded at the second harmonic (532 nm) using a standard indicator made from a pressed LiNbO3 crystal. The use of a mode to increase the efficiency and stability of generation of large laser complexes due to a decrease in the thermal load on the active elements is discussed. The authors thanks to Grishin Mikhail for paper Figs correction.
FILTRATION WAVES IN AN IMPERFECTLY OPENED FORMATION
Authors: ФИЛИППОВ А И. , АХМЕТОВА О В. , ЗЕЛЕНОВА М А.
Published: July 2024

Решена задача о фильтрационно-волновом поле давления в слоисто-неоднородной среде с заданным в скважине прямоугольным импульсом давления. Постановка задачи содержит двумерное волновое уравнение в центральной перфорированной области, волновое уравнение, учитывающее преобладание продольного движения в окружающих не-перфорированных областях, условия симметрии в центре пласта, равенства давлений и потоков на границе раздела областей, отсутствие изменения фильтрационно-волнового поля в начальный момент времени и на бесконечном удалении от источника возмущения. Получено асимптотическое решение в пространстве преобразования Лапласа-Карсона в главном приближении. Найдено точное решение задачи с использованием интегральных преобразований Лапласа - Карсона и Вебера. Показано, что при устремлении формального параметра асимптотического разложения к нулю точное решение совпадает с главным асимптотическим приближением. Построено решение задачи о фильтрационно-волновом поле давления с заданным в скважине прямоугольным импульсом давления в совершенно-вскрытом пласте...

The problem of the filtration-wave pressure field in a layered inhomogeneous medium with a rectangular pressure pulse specified in the well has been solved. The formulation of the problem contains a two-dimensional wave equation in the central perforated area, a wave equa-tion that takes into account the predominance of longitudinal motion in the surrounding non-perforated areas, symmetry conditions in the center of the formation, equality of pressures andflows at the interface between the areas, no change in the filtration wave field in the initial mo-ment in time and at an infinite distance from the source of disturbance. An asymptotic solution in the space of the Laplace-Carson transform in the leading approximation is obtained. An exact solution to the problem was found using the Laplace-Carson and Weber integral transformations. It is shown that when the formal parameter of the asymptot-ic expansion tends to zero, the exact solution coincides with the main asymptotic approximation...
ON THE ISSUE OF SUBMARINES MONUMENTS
Authors: КРУТЫХ Б В.
Published: July 2024

Сегодня свой «музейный флот» имеют почти все морские державы, и держат его на плаву (т.к. аренда земли очень дорога) и содержат, не считаясь с расходами, потому что на таких кораблях рождаются души новых моряков, новых корабелов, новых флотоводцев. Да и архитектура кораблей не менее эстетична, чем «застывшая музыка» дворцов, храмов или замков. До недавнего времени правду о гибели подводных лодок российского (советского) флота как бы оттесняли на второй план. Официальные органы не любили распространяться об этом, да и сами сведения такого рода хранились под соответствующими грифами секретности. Стремясь внести свою лепту в своеобразную «морскую память», попытаемся разобраться в вопросе о подводных лодках, которые увековечены в виде памятников и которые забыты, а значит не удостоились этой чести или они существуют, но за рубежом и не в достаточном почете. В данной статье предпринята попытка анализа российских (советских) подводных лодок, ставших памятниками (мемориалами) в нашей стране и за рубежом, а также некоторые размышления о памяти в современных условиях мира и войны.

Today, almost all maritime powers have their own «museum fleet», and keep it afloat (because land lease is very expensive) and maintain it, regardless of expenses, because the souls of new sailors, new shipbuilders, new naval commanders are born on such ships. And the architecture of ships is no less aesthetic than the «frozen music» of palaces, temples or castles. Until recently, the truth about the death of submarines of the Russian (Soviet) fleet seemed to be pushed into the background. The official authorities did not like to spread about it, and the information of this kind itself was kept under the appropriate secrecy labels. In an effort to contribute to a kind of «maritime memory», we will try to understand the issue of submarines that are immortalized in the form of monuments and which are forgotten, which means they were not awarded this honor or they exist, but abroad and not in sufficient esteem. This article attempts to analyze Russian (Soviet) submarines that have become monuments (memorials) in our country and also some reflections on memory in modern conditions of peace and war.
THE HISTORY OF THE CREATION OF TYPESETTING MACHINES AND MANUALS FOR WORKING ON THEM, PUBLISHED AT THE BEGINNING OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
Authors: КУЗЬМИНА Н Г.
Published: July 2024

В статье рассмотрена история изобретения наборной машины. Описаны первые попытки создания автоматического наборного оборудования и устройство основных наборных машин. Наиболее широкое распространение в конце XIX - начале ХХ в. получили изобретения Скуддера-Монолин, Мергенталера - Линотип и Роджерса и Брайта - Типограф. В некоторых типографиях Санкт-Петербурга - Ленинграда эти машины работали до середины ХХ в. В статье описаны руководства по работе на наборных машинах таких авторов, как И. Богданов, А. Марксан, Фр. Бауэр.

The article discusses the history of the invention of the typesetting machine. The first attempts to create automatic typesetting equipment and the design of basic typesetting machines are described. Most widespread at the end of the 19th - beginning of the 20th centuries. received the inventions of Skudder-Monolin, Mergenthaler - Linotype and Rogers and Bright - Typograph. In some printing houses in St. Petersburg - Leningrad, these machines worked until the mid-twentieth century. The article describes manuals for working on typesetting machines by such authors as I. Bogdanov, A. Marksan, Fr. Bauer.
EVOLUTION OF THE REGULATORY FRAMEWORK IN THE FIELD OF THERMAL PROTECTION OF RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS
Authors: ЮДИН А А. , УДАЛОВА Е А. , МАЗИТОВ Р М. , КУЗНЕЦОВА Ю И. , АСТАФЬЕВА А Д. , ЖУКОВА Ю А.
Published: July 2024

Рассмотрены этапы формирования норм проектирования и строительства жилых зданий с точки зрения их теплозащиты, начиная с 1920-х гг. до настоящего времени. Показано, как изменялись требования к теплозащите зданий в процессе развития технологий строительства и производства современных строительных материалов на каждом историческом этапе. Представлены сравнительные данные по нормам теплозащиты в различных странах. Установлено, что успешное решение задачи повышения тепловой эффективности наружных ограждений напрямую зависит от правильного выбора и использования теплоизоляционного материала.

The stages of formation of standards for the design and construction of residential buildings from the point of view of their thermal protection, starting from the 1920s, are considered. until now. It is shown how the requirements for thermal protection of buildings changed in the process of development of construction technologies and the production of modern building materials at each historical stage. Comparative data on thermal protection standards in various countries are presented. It has been established that the successful solution to the problem of increasing the thermal efficiency of external fences directly depends on the correct selection and use of thermal insulation material.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE HISTORY OF THE FORMATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE REGIONAL FRAGMENT OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE
Authors: ЯКУБОВ А В.
Published: July 2024

Автором собраны многоаспектные статистические данные с момента первой защиты диссертации учеными с чеченскими корнями и по настоящее время. В статье обзорно, в виде частичного анализа этих данных, рассматривается краткая история становления, развития и состояния педагогической науки в Чеченской Республике с чеченской основой, как компоненты российской. Приводятся в виде таблиц и диаграмм статистические данные о хронологии защит чеченцами диссертаций по педагогическим наукам. Данные сравниваются с общероссийской тенденцией защищаемых диссертаций по направлениям педагогической науки. Также в статье приведены конкретные данные результатов деятельности образовательных организаций в виде итогов ЕГЭ, в связи с ростом численности представителей педагогической науки в республике и их влиянием на уровень и качество сферы общего и профессионального образования. Отдельно рассмотрены некоторые персоналии кандидаты и доктора педагогических наук. Сделаны авторские выводы относительно тенденции развития педагогической науки в стране и в республике.

The author has collected multidimensional statistical data from the moment of the first defense of the dissertation by scientists with Chechen roots to the present. The article reviews, in the form of a partial analysis of these data, a brief history of the formation, development and state ofpedagogical science in the Chechen Republic with a Chechen basis, as components of the Russian. Statistical data on the chronology of Chechen defense of dissertations in pedagogical sciences are presented in the form of tables and diagrams. The data are compared with the all-Russian trend of defended dissertations in the areas ofpedagogical science. The article also provides specific data on the results of the activities of educational organizations in the form of the results of the Unified State Exam, due to the growing number of representatives ofpedagogical science in the republic and their impact on the level and quality of general and vocational education. Some personalities of candidates and doctors of pedagogical sciences are considered separately. The author's conclusions are made regarding the trend of development of pedagogical science in the country and in the republic.
MONITORING THE LONGITUDINAL POSITION OF A VIDEO CAMERA DURING TELEVISION INSPECTION OF THE INTERNAL SURFACE OF PIPES
Authors: КУЛЯС О.Л. , ЛОШКАРЕВ А.С.
Published: July 2024

Рассматривается метод вычисления продольного положения видеокамеры со сверхширокоугольной оптической системой типа «Fisheye», которая перемещается в трубе с целью автоматизированного контроля качества внутренней поверхности. Необходимость определения положения камеры связана с решением задачи определения координат обнаруженных дефектов. Метод реализован без усложнения аппаратной части системы и основан на цифровой обработке изображений, формируемых видеокамерой.

A method is considered for calculating the longitudinal position of a video camera with an ultra-wide-angle optical system of the "Fisheye" type, which moves in a pipe for the purpose of automated quality control of the internal surface. The need to determine the camera position is associated with solving the problem of determining the coordinates of detected defects. The method is implemented without complicating the system hardware and is based on digital processing of images generated by a video camera.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VADER NLTK AND ROBERTA IN THE CONTEXT OF SENTIMENT ANALYSIS
Authors: МЕНЦИЕВ А У. , НГУЕН Х Ф. , ЗАРИПОВА Р С.
Published: July 2024

Основная цель этого исследования - сравнить и сопоставить эффективность двух различных моделей анализа настроений - VADER NLTK и ROBERTA - применительно к отзывам клиентов и рейтингам продуктов на платформе Ozon. VADER NLTK выбран за его простоту и эффективность в анализе настроений, а ROBERTA, модель на основе преобразователя, выбрана за ее современные возможности в задачах NLP. Оценивая точность и эффективность этих моделей, это исследование направлено на то, чтобы дать эмпирическое представление об их сильных и слабых сторонах, проливая свет на их потенциальную полезность для предприятий, стремящихся использовать информацию о настроениях из текстового контента.

The main objective of this study is to compare and contrast the performance of two different sentiment analysis models - VADER NLTK and ROBERTA - on customer reviews and product ratings on the Ozon platform. VADER NLTK is selected for its simplicity and efficiency in sentiment analysis, and ROBERTA, a transformer-based model, is selected for its state-of-the-art capabilities in NLP tasks. By assessing the accuracy and efficiency of these models, this study aims to provide empirical insight into their strengths and weaknesses, shedding light on their potential usefulness for businesses seeking to leverage sentiment information from textual content.
SIMULATION OF SPACECRAFT MOTION CONTROL IN THE SOLAR ORIENTATION PLOT BASED ON MEASUREMENT DATA
Authors: СЕДЕЛЬНИКОВ А В. , ЧУГУНКОВ Е В. , ТАНЕЕВА А С. , БРАТКОВА М Е.
Published: July 2024

В работе произведено моделирование движения малого космического аппарата с использованием измерителей угловой скорости, выявлен ряд недостатков существующих информационно-измерительных систем, в частности штатного режима программного поворота малого космического аппарата с помощью звездных датчиков. Результаты работы могут быть использованы при разработке алгоритмов управления движением малого космического аппарата.

The paper simulates the motion of a small spacecraft using angular velocity meters, identifies a number of shortcomings of existing information and measurement systems, in particular, the standard mode of program rotation of a small spacecraft using star sensors. The results of the work can be used in the development of algorithms for controlling the motion of a small spacecraft.
Probe-Based Mechanical Data Storage on Polymers Made by Inverse Vulcanization
Authors: Mann Abigail , Tonkin Samuel , Sharma Pankaj , Gibson Christopher , Chalker Justin
Published: July 2024

Fueled by big data and artificial intelligence, data-centric innovations are expected to rise exponentially in the near future. This change demands rapid advancement in alternative data storage solutions and material platforms. Probe-based data storage, such as mechanical storage using an atomic force microscope tip, offers a way forward and achieves high-density storage exceeding 4 Tb/in², surpassing hard disks. However, the storage medium must be modifiable and erasable on the nanoscale. While polymers are highly promising, they face challenges with stability, synthesis, erasing temperatures, surface roughness, and elasticity. In this study, we report a low-cost and robust polymer system that allows repeated writing, reading and erasing. The polymer was made by inverse vulcanization, a process that provides polysulfide networks with S-S bonds that can be broken and re-formed repeatedly. This property was leveraged in mechanical indentation to encode information, and thermal S-S metathesis and polymer re-flow to erase the information. Exquisite control of depth was possible for making indents over a range of 1-30 nm. This control of depth allowed encoding information using a ternary method, where the data encoded is not just a function of the presence or absence of an indent, but also the depth of the indent. This ternary coding method—the first reported for mechanical information storage on polymers—increases the data density in comparison to binary coding four-fold. Furthermore, the encoding could be done at room temperature which is rare for mechanical information storage. The polymers could also be cast as films, which facilitated rapid erasing of indents in seconds at a relatively low temperature of 140 ºC. The low cost, ease of synthesis, and dynamic S-S bonds in these polymers constitute a promising, new option for polymer storage media in probe-based data storage.
Electrochemically Determined, and Structurally Justified Thermo-chemistry of H-atom Transfer on Ti-Oxo Nodes of the Colloidal Met-al–Organic Framework, Ti-MIL-125
Authors: Altincekic Nazmiye Gokce , Lander Chance , Roslend Ayman , Shao Yihan , Noh Hyunho
Published: July 2024

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) has long been employed as (photo)electrodes for reactions relevant to energy storage and re-newable energy synthesis. Proton-coupled electron transfer (PCET) reactions with equimolar amounts of protons and electrons at the TiO2 surface or within the bulk structure lie at the center of these reactions. Because a proton and an electron are thermochemically equivalent to an H-atom, these reactions are essentially H-atom transfer reactions. Ther-modynamics of H-atom transfer has a complex dependence on the synthetic protocol and chemical history of the elec-trode, the reaction medium, and many others; together, these complications preclude the understanding of the H-atom transfer thermochemistry with atomic-level structural knowledge. Herein, we report our success in employing open-circuit potential (EOCP) measurements to quantitatively determine the H-atom transfer thermochemistry at structurally well-defined Ti-oxo clusters within a colloidally stabilized metal–organic framework (MOFs), Ti-MIL-125. The free energy to transfer H-atom, Ti3+O–H bond dissociation free energy (BDFE), was measured to be 68 ± 2 kcal mol-1. To the best of our understanding, this is the first report on using EOCP measurements on any MOFs. The proton topology, the structural change upon the redox reaction, and BDFE values were further quantitatively corroborated using computational simula-tions. Furthermore, comparisons of the EOCP-derived BDFEs of Ti-MIL-125 to similar parameters in the literature suggest that EOCP should be the preferred method for quantitatively accurate BDFE calculations. The reported success in employ-ing EOCP for nanosized Ti-MIL-125 should lay the ground for thermochemical measurements of other colloidal systems, which are otherwise challenging. Implications of these measurements on Ti-MIL-125 as an H-atom acceptor in chemical reactions and comparisons with other MOFs/metal oxides are discussed.
Uncovering the relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties in polymer–nanoparticle hydrogels through fluorescent and super-resolution optical microscopy
Authors: Bernhard Stéphane , Tibbitt Mark W.
Published: July 2024

Characterization and understanding the structure of hydrogel networks is usually accomplished through measuring mechanical properties and relating them to theoretical models of the expected network structure. However, several classes of hydrogels are comprised of more complex network architectures, such as non-covalent molecular cross-links and secondary macromolecular interactions, which deviate from ideal polymer networks. In the case of polymer–nanoparticle (PNP) hydrogels, the hydrogel network is formed through polymer–nanoparticle interactions or nanoparticle–nanoparticle interactions, which imbues them with the observed bulk viscoelasticity. While these materials are often used as injectable hydrogels for the delivery of therapeutics and 3D printing, the origin of their dynamic mechanical properties remains poorly understood, which can be addressed through the development of characterization techniques that are able to resolve the microstructure of the networks. Here, we used total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy and direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM) to investigate the nanoparticle distribution within PNP hydrogels to relate microstructure to macroscopic properties in this class of materials. We formulated PNP hydrogels with varying α-cyclodextrin (αCD) concentrations and employed dye-labelled nanoparticles for imaging. At low concentrations of αCD, we observed a homogeneous, network-like distribution of the nanoparticles with minimal aggregation, while at higher concentrations aggregates of increased size formed within the network indicative of increased nanoparticle–nanoparticle interactions. This work lays the foundation for advanced microscopy techniques to be employed to fill the gap between understanding of the molecular behavior, changes in topology, and macroscopic properties in hydrogel characterization.
Lignin-first pretreatment combined with photostimulated enzymatic hydrolysis enables yield-gaining conversion of wood biomass
Authors: Magri Silvia , Falvo Mauricio , Brienza Filippo , de Olivera Arnoldi Pellegrini Vanessa , Guimaraes Francisco , Kadowaki Marco , Cybulska Iwona , Debecker Damien , Moucheron Cecile , Doneux Thomas , Polikarpov Igor , Cannella David
Published: July 2024

Light-driven enzymatic degradation of lignocellulose could help boosting the economy of biorefineries by either shortening the bioprocessing time, or accelerating enzymatic kinetics and so possibly spare some precious enzymes. The redox Lytic Polysaccharide Monooxygenases - LPMOs, a key enzyme for cellulose degradation, had been shown to benefit from photobiocatalysis settings thanks to the in-situ photocatalytic reduction of O2 into H2O2, a co-substrate of the enzyme and perhaps through a faster reduction of its catalytically active metal Cu-II to Cu-I. Despite the successful photoactivation of LPMO, a clear gain in saccharification yield during enzymatic hydrolysis of industrial-relevant lignocellulosic substrate was never achieved. The previous attempts had seen the use of externally added photosensitizers i.e. chlorophyllin or melanin, or settings where the lignin already present in the biomass was exploited as photosensitizer, in both cases undergoing an uncontrolled photocatalytic production of the H2O2. Eventually, it appears that the choice of the lignocellulosic pretreatment technology - PT, the ratio between glycoside hydrolases - GHs and LPMO in the enzymatic cocktail, and the light irradiation could all be key to set a yield-gaining light-driven biorefinery. In this work, we successfully found that the reductive catalytic fractionation – RCF, a lignin-first PT, is suitable to fractionate birchwood lignin so to provide lignin-oil, and a remaining lignocellulose consisting of a photoactivable lignin and highly digestible cellulose. Up to 20% yield gain was obtained when conducting the enzymatic hydrolysis under intermitted light irradiation using a lab-made cocktail containing GHs and LPMOs. Moreover, the exchange of photo-excited electrons among the various components had been electrochemically characterized. Eventually, confocal laser scanning microscopy had been extensively used to characterize the oxidative status of the lignin during photo-driven catalysis in the presence of LPMO.
Improvement of the technique of positioning the endocardial electrodes of the cardiac contractility modulation device in patients with CHF with reduced ejection fraction and atrial fibrillation
Authors: Safiullina Alfiya A. , Uskach Tatiana M. , Sapelnikov Oleg V. , Saidova Marina A. , Ansheles Alexey A. , Sergienko Vladimir B. , Amanatova Valeria A. , Grishin Igor R. , Cherkashin Dmitry I. , Akchurin Renat S. , Tereschenko Sergey N.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of the advanced technique for positioning the endocardial electrodes of a cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) device.
Materials and methods. The CCM system was implanted in 100 patients, of which 60 CCM electrodes were positioned in the most optimal zones of myocardial perfusion, in particular, in the zone of the minor focal-scar/fibrotic lesion (the Summed Rest Score of 0 to 1–2, the intensity of the radiopharmaceutical at least 30%), and in 40 patients according to the standard procedure. Before the implantation of the CCM system, 60 patients underwent tomography (S-SPECT) of the myocardium with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile at rest to determine the most optimal electrode positioning zones and 100 patients underwent transthoracic echocardiography at baseline and after 12 months to assess the effectiveness of surgical treatment.
Results. Improved ventricular electrode positioning technique is associated with the best reverse remodeling of the left ventricular myocardium, especially in patients with ischemic chronic heart failure, with less radiation exposure to the surgeon and the patient, and without electrode-related complications.
Conclusion. At the preoperative stage, it is recommended to perform a synchronized single-photon emission computed tomography of the myocardium with 99mTc-methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile at rest before implantation of the CCM device to assess the presence of scar zones/myocardial fibrosis in the anterior and inferior septal regions of the interventricular septum of the left ventricle, followed by implantation of ventricular electrodes in the zone of the minor scar/fibrous lesion, which will allow to achieve optimal stimulation parameters, increase the effectiveness of CCM therapy, reduce the radiation exposure on medical personnel and the patient during surgery.
GDF-15 and the risk of bleeding in patients with stable CAD receiving multicomponent antithrombotic therapy: the results of the prospective REGATA register
Authors: Krivosheeva Elena N. , Komarov Andrey L. , Panchenko Elizaveta P. , Khakimova Maria B. , Kropacheva Ekaterina S. , Pogorelova Olga A. , Balakhonova Tatyana V. , Titaeva Elena V. , Dobrovolsky Anatoly B. , Galyautdinov Damir M. , Vlasova Elina E.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To evaluate the prognostic value of GDF-15 in relation the development of bleeding and events in stable CAD patients, receiving combined antithrombotic therapy.
Materials and methods. The data was obtained from the prospective registry REGATA, 343 CAD patients (249 males), median age 68 [IQR 62; 75] years) were enrolled. Patients with sinus rhythm and concomitant PAD received acetylsalicylic acid in combination with rivaroxaban 2.5 mg bid (31.8%) or clopidogrel (24.8%). Other 43.4% with concomitant atrial fibrillation (AF) received direct oral anticoagulants in combination with antiplatelet therapy after elective percutaneous coronary interventions. Median follow-up was 12 months [IQR 9.0; 18.0]. The safety end point was major and clinically relevant bleedings (type 2–5) according to the BARC classification. Plasma samples for GDF-15 identification were taken at the inclusion and analyzed using ELISA assay.
Results. Frequency of BARC 2–5 bleedings was 16% (BARC 2 – 46; BARC 3 – 9; BARC 4–5 – 0), median GDF-15 level was 1185.0 pg/ml [850.0; 1680.0]. In patients with AF and concomitant MFA, the level of GDF-15 was significantly higher than in the subgroups of patients with only AF or MFA (p=0.0022). According to the quintile analysis, GDF-15 values in the top three quintiles of distribution (cut-off value 943 pg/ml) were associated with higher frequency of bleeding events: 23.2% versus 5.1%; p=0.0001. The multivariable logistic regression model demonstrated that bleeding events were independently associated with GDF-15 level943 pg/ml (OR 2.65, 95% CI 1.11–6.30; p=0.0275), AF (OR 2.61, 95% CI 1.41–4.83; p=0.0023) and chronic kidney disease (OR 1.92, 95% CI 1.03–3.60; p=0.0401). Clinical factors determining the risk of bleeding events also determined a GDF-15 elevation.
Conclusion. Assessment of GDF-15 level may improve bleeding risk stratification in CAD patients with concomitant AF and/or PAD receiving combined antithrombotic therapy.
4D flow MRI: value and clinical perspectives in patients with pathology of the heart and great vessels (part 2): A review
Authors: Yurpolskaya Lyudmila A.
Published: July 2024

The study of blood flow is becoming a new trend in cardiology and cardiovascular surgery. Based on the literature and our own data, a review is presented on the use of 4D flow in diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The main state of the question about the features of the application of the technique in various pathologies of the cardiovascular system is described in detail, the priorities, limitations and promising directions of the technique application are considered taking into account the goals of practical medicine. The review consists of two parts. The first is devoted to general issues, limitations of the technique, and issues of 4D flow mapping in patients with lesions of the great vessels. In the second part, the emphasis is on the use of 4D flow MRI in the study of intraventricular blood flow and the application of the technique in congenital heart and vascular diseases.
Golgi pH homeostasis stabilizes the lysosomal membrane throughN-glycosylation of membrane proteins
Authors: Sou Yu-shin , Yamaguchi Junji , Masuda Keisuke , Uchiyama Yasuo , Maeda Yusuke , Koike Masato
Published: July 2024

Protein glycosylation plays a vital role in various cellular functions, many of which occur within the Golgi apparatus. The Golgi pH regulator (GPHR) is essential for the proper functioning of the Golgi apparatus. The lysosomal membrane contains highly glycosylated membrane proteins in abundance. This study investigated the role of the Golgi luminal pH inN-glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins and the effect of this protein modification on membrane stability usingGphr-deficient MEFs. We showed thatGphrdeficiency causes an imbalance in the Golgi luminal pH, resulting in abnormal proteinN-glycosylation, indicated by a reduction in sialylated glycans and markedly reduced molecular weight of glycoproteins. Further experiments using FRAP and PLA revealed thatGphrdeficiency prevented the trafficking dynamics and proximity condition of glycosyltransferases in the Golgi apparatus. In addition, incompleteN-glycosylation of lysosomal membrane proteins affected lysosomal membrane stability, as demonstrated by the increased susceptibility to lysosomal damage. Thus, this study highlights the critical role of Golgi pH regulation in controlling protein glycosylation and the impact of Golgi dysfunction on lysosomal membrane stability.
MODEL HUBUNGAN ANTARA KERUSAKAN JALAN DAN KECEPATAN KENDARAAN DI JALAN PERKOTAAN
Authors: Setiawan Arief , Afriyanti Dewi , Febriana Rizka Dwi
Published: July 2024

Abstract
 
Roads are designed with a design speed according to their function and level of service. Along with increasing age of the pavement, the road will experience damage which will have an impact on reducing the level of service. The purpose of this study is to determine the model of the relationship between the level of damage and vehicle speed. The research location is Jalan I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Palu City, Central Sulawesi Province. The method used to measure the level of damage is the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) and vehicle speed is measured using the Speed View GPS Pro Android application. The results of the level of damage associated with changes in vehicle speed of motorcycles, light vehicle and heavy vehicles. The resulting model shows that the relationship between value of IKP and vehicle speed is linear. The model that can be used to determine vehicle speed (V) for motorcycles (MC) and light vehicles (LV) with a VCR limit of 0.80 and road type 2/2 undivided.
 
Keywords: road pavement; Pavement Condition Index; vehicle speed; road damage
 
 
Abstrak
 
Jalan dirancang dengan kecepatan desain sesuai dengan fungsi dan tingkat pelayanan. Seiring dengan bertam-bahnya umur perkerasan, jalan akan mengalami kerusakan yang memberi dampak penurunan tingkat pelayanan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan model hubungan antara tingkat kerusakan dan kecepatan kendaraan. Lokasi penelitian adalah Jalan I Gusti Ngurah Rai, Kota Palu, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat kerusakan adalah Indeks Kondisi Perkerasan (IKP) dan kecepatan kendaraan diukur dengan aplikasi Android Speed View GPS Pro. Hasil tingkat kerusakan dihubungkan dengan perubahan kece-patan sepeda motor, kendaraan ringan dan kendaraan berat. Model yang dihasilkan menunjukkan bahwa hu-bungan Indeks Kondisi Perkerasan dan kecepatan kendaraan adalah linier. Model-model yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untuk menentukan kecepatan kendaraan (V) pada jenis kendaraan sepeda motor (MC) dan kenda-raan ringan (LV), dengan batasan VCR sebesar 0,80 dan tipe jalan adalah 2/2 tidak terbagi.
 
Kata-kata kunci: perkerasan jalan; Indeks Kondisi Perkerasan; kecepatan kendaraan; kerusakan jalan
PENGGUNAAN LIMBAH MOLASE SEBAGAI SUBSTITUSI ASPAL PADA BETON ASPAL AC-BC
Authors: Fadilah Linda Winarni , Khairunnisa Madhu , Sihombing Atmy Verani Rouly , Maulinda Derina , Syahputra Muhammad Rangga , Situmorang Jhonassen Morientes
Published: July 2024

Abstract
 
This research aims to utilize molasses waste as a partial replacement material for asphalt in AC-BC asphalt mixtures. Molasses is the final product of making sugar, which is brown in color and in the form of a thick liquid. The research method used was to test the properties and characteristics of molasses, then compare them with the properties and characteristics of Pen 60/70 asphalt. Next, tests were carried out based on the rheological properties of asphalt and the characteristics of AC-BC asphalt concrete. Variations in the levels of molasses mixed with Pen 60/70 asphalt are 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% of the asphalt weight. Then the mixture of molasses and asphalt is used as a binder for the AC-BC asphalt mixture. Marshall Testing and Immersion Index were carried out on this asphalt mixture. This study shows that molasses has the potential to be used as a partial replacement material for asphalt in AC-BC asphalt mixtures, which still meet the Bina Marga Specifications.
 
Keywords: molasses waste; asphalt; asphalt mix; Marshall Testing; Immersion Index
 
 
Abstrak
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memanfaatkan limbah molase sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian aspal pada campuran beraspal AC-BC. Molase merupakan produk akhir pembuatan gula, yang berwarna cokelat dan berbentuk cairan kental. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah dengan menguji sifat dan karakteristik molase, lalu membandingkannya dengan sifat dan karakteristik aspal Pen 60/70. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian berdasarkan sifat reologi aspal dan karakteristik beton aspal AC-BC. Variasi kadar molase yang dicampurkan pada aspal Pen 60/70 adalah 0%, 5%, 10%, dan 15% terhadap berat aspal. Kemudian campuran molase dan aspal tersebut digunakan sebagai bahan pengikat campuran beraspal AC-BC. Terhadap campuran beraspal ini dilakukan Pengujian Marshall dan Indeks Perendaman. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa molase berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan pengganti sebagian aspal pada campuran beraspal AC-BC, yang masih memenuhi Spesifikasi Bina Marga.
 
Kata-kata kunci: limbah molase; aspal; campuran beraspal; Pengujian Marshall; Indeks Perendaman