bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase in Regulation of Cell Signaling Cascades Affecting Tumor Cell Growth: A Future Perspective as Anti-Cancer Drug Target
Authors: Kambaru Archanalakshmi , Chaudhary Nidhee
Published: August 2021

:

Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (PTP) superfamily is a key enzyme involved in the regulation of growth-related cell signaling cascades, such as the RAS/MAPK pathway, that directly affect cancer cell growth and metastasis. Several studies have indicated that the drug resistance observed in several late-stage tumors might also be affected by the levels of PTP in the cell. Hence, these phosphatases have been in the limelight for the past few decades as potential drug targets and several promising drug candidates have been developed, even though none of these drugs have reached the market yet. In this review, we explore the potential of PTP as a viable anti-cancer drug target by studying PTPs, their regulation of several key cancer cell signaling pathways, and how their levels affect various types of cancer. Furthermore, we present the current scenario of PTP as a molecular target and the various challenges faced in the development of PTP-targeting anti-cancer drugs.
Astaxanthin Attenuates Adiponectin, Calprotectin, miRNA222 and
miRNA378 in Obesity induced by High-Fat Diet in Rats
Authors: Boshra Sylvia A.
Published: August 2021

Background:

Astaxanthin suppressed obesity in rats fed with high-fat diet (HFD) via the restriction of adipose tissue build-out, therefore, improving insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Metformin reduces insulin resistance and may reduce weight.

Aim:

Investigation of the effects of astaxanthin and metformin in obesity prompted by a high-fat diet.

Objective:

The present article investigates the effects of astaxanthin and metformin in obesity prompted by a high-fat diet in rats through measuring miRNA222 and 378.

Materials:

The rats were classified into four classes containing ten albino rats each: Group I (Normal group): nourished with ordinary diet for 8weeks. Group II (Control positive): nourished with a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. Group III: nourished with astaxanthin (50mg/kg)(1/40 LD50) orally plus a high-fat diet for 8weeks. Group IV: nourished with metformin (500mg/kg) orally plus a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.

Methods:

Leptin, adiponectin, calprotectin and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were assessed by rat-specific ELISA kits. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), miRNA222 and miRNA378 expressions were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR.

Results:

Astaxanthin and metformin have anti-obesity and antioxidant actions and significantly decreased the weight of the body, glucose, insulin, triglycerides, total cholesterol, triglycerides and leptin, as well as plasma calprotectin & IL-6 and increased HDL-C and adiponectin. The liver TNF-α gene expression, adipose tissue miRNA222 and miRNA378 expression were decreased compared to HFD control rats.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Astaxanthin has regulated the aberrant expression of miRNA222 and 378 that may be related to hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. Accordingly, astaxanthin deserves a clinical trial in the future due to its effects on miRNAs involved in obesity.
Impact of problematic Facebook use, loneliness, and poor sleep quality on mental health
Authors:   Department of Psychology–Education, University of Education, Hue University, Hue City, Vietnam, et al. Ho
Published: August 2021

To examine the effects of problematic Facebook use, loneliness, and poor sleep quality on anxiety and depression in the Vietnamese, 354 Facebook users at a university in central Vietnam in a cross-sectional study design was used. Participants completed Depression Anxiety Stress Scales, Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, UCLA loneliness scale version 3, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. Linear regression analysis found that problematic Facebook use, loneliness, and poor sleep quality respectively explained 31.3% and 45.6% of the variance in anxiety and depression. Problematic Facebook use, loneliness, and poor sleep quality were associated with anxiety and depression. Interventions should focus on reducing loneliness, improving sleep quality, and treating problematic Facebook use.
In vitro studies on Dendrobium fimbriatum Hk.F – An endangered orchid
Authors: Ramesh T. , Renganathan P. , Prabhakaran M.
Published: August 2021

A protocol for in vitro propagation from protocorms of Dendrobium fimbriatum a distributed in all over world and highly appreciated as an ornamental, was developed. Two different explants, entire protocorms and longitudinal halves of protocorms, were used. In addition, the effect of two different culture media, Murashige and Skoog (MS) and modified Knudson (KCm), supplemented with N6- benzyladenine (BA) (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 5 mg_L–1) and/or a-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) at 0, 0.1, and 0.5 mg_L–1 was investigated. Adventitious shoot formation by direct organogenesis was obtained in all treatments; in some cases, the formation of protocorm like bodies was induced. Shoot formation was greater for entire protocorms; the best treatment was MS medium containing at BA 1 to 2 mg_L–1 in combination with at NAA 0.1 mg_L–1. The average height of shoots was three times greater in MS medium than in KC m medium. Sub culturing individual shoots in MS medium without plant growth regulators, but with 1 g_L–1 activated charcoal, allowed further development and rooting. An ex vitro survival rate of almost 100% was achieved. This study represents a comprehensive application for propagation, conservation, and sustainable use of this valuable natural resource.
In vitro seed germination of Cymbidium elegans Lindl.
Authors: Ramesh T. , Renganathan P.
Published: August 2021

Orchids are nature's most extravagant group of flowering plants distributed throughout the world from tropics to high alpine. They exhibit incredible range of diversity in size, shape and color of their flowers. Though orchids are grown primarily as ornamentals, many are used as herbal medicines, food, and other have cultural value by different cultures and tribes in different parts of the world. Orchids have been used in many parts of the world in traditional healing system as well as in the treatment of a number of diseases since the ancient time. Though Orchidaceae is regarded as a largest family of plant kingdom, few studies have been done regarding their medicinal properties. Linking of the indigenous knowledge of medicinal orchids to modern research activities provides a new reliable approach, for the discovery of novel drugs much more effectively than with random collection. Many of these orchids face the extreme danger of extinction due to over-exploitation and habitat loss. Plant tissue culture could be one of the most suitable alternative tools to minimize the pressure on natural population of medicinal orchids and their sustainable utilization.
Reducing the spread of the Coronavirus (COVID-19) In light of the Islamic Law and scientific approach: Protection, and prevention
Authors: Ghidan Huda Y , Ghidan Alaa Y , Ahmed Hytham M
Published: August 2021

A virus is an ultramicroscopic (20-300 nanometers in diameter) metabolically inert, infectious agent that replicates only within the cells of living hosts.  Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is announced by World Health Organization (WHO) as a pandemic. As of 23 August 2020, 23,407,334 infected people and 810,242 deaths were reported worldwide. COVID-19 has affected our daily lives and influences all aspects of life, including economic, social, health, etc. On the healthcare level, the world is faced with many challenges, including diagnosis, quarantine, and treatment of suspected cases, overloaded doctors and healthcare professionals and the requirement of a high level of protection. This research focused on preventive measures - preventive medicine - to combat coronavirus according to Islamic law's and modern medicine's perspective. Sharia focuses on preserving diseases to achieve its objectives thereby, so it has legislated some of the rulings that achieve this purpose, so it based its provisions on bringing interests and warding off evil. This research has been divided into two requirements; the first requirement is that the researcher talked about preventive strategies, one of the most important branches of medicine because it precedes disease before it occurs to be rectified with awareness and guidance. The second requirement: supporting scientific research to make vaccines and medicines is the most important findings of the researcher. Besides the review intent to explaining the extent of compatibility and difference between practical applications in Islamic jurisprudence and modern medicine, Explaining the importance of treatment from diseases and epidemics and the necessity of supporting scientific research to find medicines and vaccines( not only preventive strategies), and A statement of the importance and necessity of adhering to the instructions and instructions issued by the competent medical authorities and institutions with expertise and competence to prevent transmission of infection by prevention, treatment and taking vaccinations.
“The Cliché to end all Clichés” – Test Tube Tooth
Authors: Arya Geeta
Published: August 2021

For quite a while now, experts in the field of tissue building have been endeavouring to bioengineer dental tissues and furthermore whole teeth. With the true objective to achieve a whole tooth through dental planning, that has the identical or about same natural, mechanical and physical properties of a trademark tooth, it's imperative to deal with all of the cells and tissues which are stressed over the course of action, upkeep, and fix of the tooth. In this article, we review the methods related with odontogenesis or organogenesis of a tooth and headway in the bioengineering of a whole tooth.
In situ TEM-исследование фазовых превращений в нестехиометрическом сплаве Гейслера Ni-=SUB=-46-=/SUB=-Mn-=SUB=-41-=/SUB=-In-=SUB=-13-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кузнецов Д.Д. , Кузнецова Е.И. , Маширов А.В. , Лошаченко А.С. , Данилов Д.В. , Шандрюк Г.А. , Шавров В.Г. , Коледов В.В.
Published: August 2021

This paper presents a study of the metamagnetostructural transition of the martensitic type in the Ni46Mn41In13 alloy with magnetic shape memory and inverse magnetocaloric effect. The characteristic temperatures of the direct transition starting Ms = 253 K and its finishing Mf = 164 K, as well as the reverse temperatures As = 203 K and Af = 236 K, respectively, were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The characteristic peculiarities of the transition: a decrease of the Ms and the presence of a residual austenite phase, as well as pre-martensitic states, were studied using transmission electron microscopy. The estimated the thickness of alloy was 50 nm, when martensitic transition suppressed.
Люминесцентные свойства коллоидных квантовых точек Ag-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-S для фотокаталитических приложений
Authors: Овчинников О.В. , Cмирнов M.С. , Асланов С.В. , Перепелица А.С.
Published: August 2021

The structural and optical properties of colloidal Ag2S quantum dots in various environments are investigated. With the help of transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and X-ray energy dispersion analysis, the formation of colloidal Ag2S quantum dots with an average size of 2-3 nm with a monoclinic crystal lattice, and Ag2S/SiO2 core-shell systems based on them, has been established. The change in the luminescence quantum yield of quantum dots with the change of the surface environment state is shown. The decoration of TiO2 nanoparticles of 10-15 nm in size with Ag2S quantum dots was performed and the influence of the structure of the interfaces of quantum dots and their environment (2-mercaptopropionic acid, water, ethylene glycol, SiO2 dielectric shell with a thickness of 0.6 nm and 2.0 nm) on the formation of TiO2-Ag2S heterosystems was analyzed. For Ag2S quantum dots passivated with 2-mercaptopropionic acid, signs of charge phototransfer after adsorption on TiO2 nanoparticles surface have been established. Signs of reactive oxygen species appearance due to charge phototransfer in heterosystem are enstablished, based on methylene blue photobleaching under excitation of heterosystem outside of TiO2 fundamental absorption region,
Фазовый состав, структура и транспортные характеристики кристаллов твердых растворов ZrO-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=--Sc-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=- дополнительно легированных Yb-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-O-=SUB=-3-=/SUB=-
Authors: Борик М.А. , Кораблёва Г.М. , Кулебякин А.В. , Курицына И.Е. , Ломонова Е.Е. , Милович Ф.О. , Мызина В.А. , Табачкова Н.Ю.
Published: August 2021

The effect of the co-doped Yb2O3 on the transport characteristics and stabilization of the cubic phase in solid solutions based on ZrO2−Sc2O3 has been carried out.(ZrO2)1-x-y(Sc2O3)x(Yb2O3)y solid solution crystals, where (x = 0.07-0.09; y = 0.01-0.03), were grown by directional crystallization of the melt in a cold crucible. It is shown that crystals with a cubic fluorite structure were obtained at a total concentration of stabilizing oxides Sc2O3 and Yb2O3 above 10 mol%. Crystals with a total concentration of stabilizing oxides of 10 mol%, having a pseudocubic t'' -phase structure, at a fixed concentration of Sc2O3, have the maximum conductivity. It is shown that an increase in the Yb2O3 concentration in the field of cubic solid solutions leads to a decrease in the conductivity of the crystal. Crystals (ZrO2)0.9(Sc2O3)0.09(Yb2O3)0.01 have the maximum conductivity in the entire temperature range.
Магнитные и магнитокалорические свойства соединений Ho-=SUB=-1-x-=/SUB=-Y-=SUB=-x-=/SUB=-(Co-=SUB=-0.84-=/SUB=-Fe-=SUB=-0.16-=/SUB=-)-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Аникин М.С. , Тарасов Е.Н. , Незнахин Д.С. , Сёмкин М.А. , Селезнёва Н.В. , Андреев С.В. , Рагозина М.В. , Зинин А.В.
Published: August 2021

Представлены результаты исследования кристаллической структуры, температурных и полевых зависимостей намагниченности, высокополевой восприимчивости и магнитокалорического эффекта (МКЭ) поликристаллических соединений Ho1-xYx(Co0.84Fe0.16)2 (x=0-1), в магнитных полях напряженностью до 90 kOe и диапазоне температур 5-400 K. Из анализа температурных зависимостей намагниченности (sigma) установлено, что в зависимости от содержания иттрия (x), на исследованых образцах может одновременно присутствовать от одной до трех "критических" температур: спин-переориентационный переход (Tsr), точка магнитной компенсации (Tcomp) и температура Кюри (TC). На температурной зависимости высокополевой восприимчивости (chihf) всех образцов с x<1 присутствует экстремум в окрестности 100 K, при котором наблюдается значительный МКЭ, связанный с резким изменением намагниченности редкоземельной подрешетки. Кривые температурных зависимостей изменения магнитной части энтропии (Delta Sm) и адиабатического изменения температуры (Delta Tad) имеют сложную форму и отражают присутствующие "критические" температуры, наблюдаемых при разных x. Ключевые слова: магнитные свойства, прямой и обратный магнитокалорический эффект, адиабатическое изменение температуры, магнитный момент, фазы Лавеса, температура Кюри, точка компенсации, спин-переориентационный переход.
Исследование активационного барьера кристаллизации метастабильной жидкости методом метадинамики
Authors: Розанов Е.О. , Проценко С.П. , Байдаков В.Г.
Published: August 2021

The crystallization of Lennard-Jones fluid under weak supercooling was studied in molecular dynamics simulation with the metadynamics method. The Steinhardt parameter Q6 for a group of particles around a random atom and the system's potential energy were chosen to describe phase transition. The change in collective variables was observed in the process of overcoming the activation barrier of crystallization. The critical nucleus formation data were obtained.
Изучение ГЦК-ОЦК фазового перехода в сплаве Au-Fe
Authors: Магомедов М.Н.
Published: August 2021

The properties of the disordered Au-Fe substitution alloy are studied based on the analytical method, which uses the paired interatomic potential of Mie–Lennard-Jones. The parameters of the interatomic potential for the FCC and BCC structures of Au and Fe are determined. Based on these parameters, the concentration dependences of the properties of the FCC and BCC structures of the Au-Fe alloy are calculated. Under normal conditions (i.e., pressure P = 0 and temperature T = 300 K), changes in the properties of the Au-Fe alloy at the structural phase transition of FCC-BCC are calculated. Using the RP-model of the nanocrystal, the displacement of the Cf concentration, at which the FCC-BCC phase transition occurs, due to a decrease in the size of the nanoparticle was calculated. It is shown that at an isochoric-isothermal decrease in the number of atoms (N) in an Au-Fe nanoparticle, the Cf value displace towards higher Fe concentrations. For a nanoparticle with a fixed number of atoms and a constant surface shape, the Cf value increases at an isochoric increase in temperature, and the Cf value decreases at an isothermal decrease in density. Calculations have shown that at N < 59900 for the Au1–CFeC alloy at P = 0, T < 300 K and at any iron concentration, the FCC structure is more stable than the BCC structure.
Исследование распределения релаксаторов в тонких слоях аморфного MoTe-=SUB=-2-=/SUB=-
Authors: Кастро Арата Р.А. , Хачатуров С.Е. , Кононов А.А. , Анисимова Н.И.
Published: August 2021

В последнее время дихалькогениды переходных металлов оказались в центре внимания после того, как было обнаружено, что в пределе монослоя они становятся прямозонными полупроводниками. В работе представлены результаты исследования распределения релаксаторов в слоях аморфного дителлурида молибдена, полученных методом высокочастотного магнетронного распыления. По полученным значениям релаксационных параметров α и β, можно констатировать переход от несимметричного распределения к симметричному распределению релаксаторов по временам релаксации при температуре T=283 K. Обнаружено существование максимумов на температурной зависимости времен релаксации taumax=f(T), которое может быть связанно с фазовыми переходами в системе. Ключевые слова: дителлурид молибдена, распределение релаксаторов, тонкие слои, фазовые переходы.
Влияние переходов Ландау--Зинера на форму ac-восприимчивости
Authors: Галеев Р.Т.
Published: August 2021

A model spin system S = 1 with a strongly anisotropic g-factor is considered. Numerical calculations of the response of the system to an alternating magnetic field of low frequency are carried out. The influence of Landau-Zener transitions on the response of the system when it passes through the vicinity of the levels anti-crossing is studied. The ac-susceptibility is calculated and the effect of such transitions on the position of the ac-susceptibility maximum is analyzed.
Влияние дефектности углеродной подрешетки на упругие свойства кубического карбида титана TiC-=SUB=-y-=/SUB=-
Authors: Гусев А.И.
Published: August 2021

Changes in the elastic constants cij of disordered cubic titanium carbide TiCy with an increasing the defectiveness of the carbon sublattice are estimated for the first time. It was found that the deviation of titanium carbide from the stoichiometric composition TiC1.0 leads to a decrease in the elastic stiffness constants cij of disordered TiCy carbide with a simultaneous increase in elastic anisotropy. The distributions of Young's modulus E and Poisson's ratio μ in the (100) plane and the distributions of the shear modulus G in the (100), (110), and (111) planes have been calculated as functions on the crystallographic direction [hkl] and on the relative carbon content y in TiCy carbide. The lowest values of the shear modulus Ghkl for TiCy are observed in the (111) plane.
Perceptions of Alerts Issued by Social Media Platforms in Response to Self-injury Posts Among Latinx Adolescents: Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Laestadius Linnea I , Craig Katherine A , Campos-Castillo Celeste
Published: August 2021

Background

There is growing interest in using social media data to detect and address nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Adolescents often do not seek clinical help for NSSI and may adopt strategies to obscure detection; therefore, social media platforms may be able to facilitate early detection and treatment by using machine learning models to screen posts for harmful content and subsequently alert adults. However, such efforts have raised privacy and ethical concerns among health researchers. Little is currently known about how adolescents perceive these efforts.

Objective

The aim of this study is to examine perceptions of automated alerts for NSSI posts on social media among Latinx adolescents, who are at risk for NSSI yet are underrepresented in both NSSI and health informatics research. In addition, we considered their perspectives on preferred recipients of automated alerts.

Methods

We conducted semistructured, qualitative interviews with 42 Latinx adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years who were recruited from a nonprofit organization serving the Latinx community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Latinx population in Milwaukee is largely of Mexican descent. All interviews were conducted between June and July 2019. Transcripts were analyzed using framework analysis to discern their perceptions of automated alerts sent by social media platforms and potential alert recipients.

Results

Participants felt that automated alerts would make adolescents safer and expedite aid before the situation escalated. However, some worried that hyperbolic statements would generate false alerts and instigate conflicts. Interviews revealed strong opinions about ideal alert recipients. Parents were most commonly endorsed, but support was conditional on perceptions that the parent would respond appropriately. Emergency services were judged as safer but inappropriate for situations considered lower risk. Alerts sent to school staff generated the strongest privacy concerns. Altogether, the preferred alert recipients varied by individual adolescents and perceived risks in the situation. None raised ethical concerns about the collection, analysis, or storage of personal information regarding their mental health status.

Conclusions

Overall, Latinx adolescents expressed broad support for automated alerts for NSSI on social media, which indicates opportunities to address NSSI. However, these efforts should be co-constructed with adolescents to ensure that preferences and needs are met, as well as embedded within broader approaches for addressing structural and cultural barriers to care.
Designing Consumer Health Information Technology to Support Biform and Articulation Work: A Qualitative Study of Diet and Nutrition Management as Patient Work (Preprint)
Authors: Rogers Courtney C , Moutinho Jr Thomas J , Liu Xiaoyue , Valdez Rupa S
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Diet and nutrition management is an integral component of Crohn disease (CD) management. This type of management is highly variable and individualized and, thus, requires personalized approaches. Consumer health information technology (CHIT) designed to support CD management has typically supported this task as everyday life work and, not necessarily, as illness work. Moreover, CHIT has rarely supported the ways in which diet and nutrition management requires coordination between multiple forms of patient work.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to investigate diet and nutrition management as biform work, identify components of articulation work, and provide guidance on how to design CHIT to support this work.

METHODS

We performed a qualitative study in which we recruited participants from CD-related Facebook pages and groups.

RESULTS

Semistructured interviews with 21 individuals showed that diet and nutrition management strategies were highly individualized and variable. Four themes emerged from the data, emphasizing the interactions of diet and nutrition with physical, emotional, information, and technology-enabled management.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that the extent to which diet and nutrition management is biform work fluctuates over time and that articulation work can be continuous and unplanned. The design guidance specifies the need for patient-facing technologies to support interactions among diet and nutrition and other management activities such as medication intake, stress reduction, and information seeking, as well as to respond to the ways in which diet and nutrition management needs change over time.
Perceptions of Alerts Issued by Social Media Platforms in Response to Self-injury Posts Among Latinx Adolescents: Qualitative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Laestadius Linnea I , Craig Katherine A , Campos-Castillo Celeste
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

There is growing interest in using social media data to detect and address nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents. Adolescents often do not seek clinical help for NSSI and may adopt strategies to obscure detection; therefore, social media platforms may be able to facilitate early detection and treatment by using machine learning models to screen posts for harmful content and subsequently alert adults. However, such efforts have raised privacy and ethical concerns among health researchers. Little is currently known about how adolescents perceive these efforts.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to examine perceptions of automated alerts for NSSI posts on social media among Latinx adolescents, who are at risk for NSSI yet are underrepresented in both NSSI and health informatics research. In addition, we considered their perspectives on preferred recipients of automated alerts.

METHODS

We conducted semistructured, qualitative interviews with 42 Latinx adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years who were recruited from a nonprofit organization serving the Latinx community in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The Latinx population in Milwaukee is largely of Mexican descent. All interviews were conducted between June and July 2019. Transcripts were analyzed using framework analysis to discern their perceptions of automated alerts sent by social media platforms and potential alert recipients.

RESULTS

Participants felt that automated alerts would make adolescents safer and expedite aid before the situation escalated. However, some worried that hyperbolic statements would generate false alerts and instigate conflicts. Interviews revealed strong opinions about ideal alert recipients. Parents were most commonly endorsed, but support was conditional on perceptions that the parent would respond appropriately. Emergency services were judged as safer but inappropriate for situations considered lower risk. Alerts sent to school staff generated the strongest privacy concerns. Altogether, the preferred alert recipients varied by individual adolescents and perceived risks in the situation. None raised ethical concerns about the collection, analysis, or storage of personal information regarding their mental health status.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, Latinx adolescents expressed broad support for automated alerts for NSSI on social media, which indicates opportunities to address NSSI. However, these efforts should be co-constructed with adolescents to ensure that preferences and needs are met, as well as embedded within broader approaches for addressing structural and cultural barriers to care.

CLINICALTRIAL
Leveraging Transfer Learning to Analyze Opinions, Attitudes, and Behavioral Intentions Toward COVID-19 Vaccines: Social Media Content and Temporal Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Liu Siru , Li Jili , Liu Jialin
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

The COVID-19 vaccine is considered to be the most promising approach to alleviate the pandemic. However, in recent surveys, acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine has been low. To design more effective outreach interventions, there is an urgent need to understand public perceptions of COVID-19 vaccines.

OBJECTIVE

Our objective was to analyze the potential of leveraging transfer learning to detect tweets containing opinions, attitudes, and behavioral intentions toward COVID-19 vaccines, and to explore temporal trends as well as automatically extract topics across a large number of tweets.

METHODS

We developed machine learning and transfer learning models to classify tweets, followed by temporal analysis and topic modeling on a dataset of COVID-19 vaccine–related tweets posted from November 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. We used the F1 values as the primary outcome to compare the performance of machine learning and transfer learning models. The statistical values and P values from the Augmented Dickey-Fuller test were used to assess whether users’ perceptions changed over time. The main topics in tweets were extracted by latent Dirichlet allocation analysis.

RESULTS

We collected 2,678,372 tweets related to COVID-19 vaccines from 841,978 unique users and annotated 5000 tweets. The F1 values of transfer learning models were 0.792 (95% CI 0.789-0.795), 0.578 (95% CI 0.572-0.584), and 0.614 (95% CI 0.606-0.622) for these three tasks, which significantly outperformed the machine learning models (logistic regression, random forest, and support vector machine). The prevalence of tweets containing attitudes and behavioral intentions varied significantly over time. Specifically, tweets containing positive behavioral intentions increased significantly in December 2020. In addition, we selected tweets in the following categories: positive attitudes, negative attitudes, positive behavioral intentions, and negative behavioral intentions. We then identified 10 main topics and relevant terms for each category.

CONCLUSIONS

Overall, we provided a method to automatically analyze the public understanding of COVID-19 vaccines from real-time data in social media, which can be used to tailor educational programs and other interventions to effectively promote the public acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.
A Novel Method for Evaluating Mobile Apps (App Rating Inventory): Development Study (Preprint)
Authors: Mackey Rachel , Gleason Ann , Ciulla Robert
Published: August 2021

BACKGROUND

Selecting and integrating health-related apps into patient care is impeded by the absence of objective guidelines for identifying high-quality apps from the many thousands now available.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate the App Rating Inventory, which was developed by the Defense Health Agency’s Connected Health branch, to support clinical decisions regarding app selection and evaluate medical and behavioral apps.

METHODS

To enhance the tool’s performance, eliminate item redundancy, reduce scoring system subjectivity, and ensure a broad application of App Rating Inventory–derived results, inventory development included 3 rounds of validation testing and 2 trial periods conducted over a 6-month interval. The development focused on content validity testing, dimensionality (ie, whether the tool’s criteria performed as operationalized), factor and commonality analysis, and interrater reliability (reliability scores improved from 0.62 to 0.95 over the course of development).

RESULTS

The development phase culminated in a review of 248 apps for a total of 6944 data points and a final 28-item, 3-category app rating system. The App Rating Inventory produces scores for the following three categories: evidence (6 items), content (11 items), and customizability (11 items). The final (fourth) metric is the total score, which constitutes the sum of the 3 categories. All 28 items are weighted equally; no item is considered more (or less) important than any other item. As the scoring system is binary (either the app contains the feature or it does not), the ratings’ results are not dependent on a rater’s nuanced assessments.

CONCLUSIONS

Using predetermined search criteria, app ratings begin with an environmental scan of the App Store and Google Play. This first step in market research funnels hundreds of apps in a given disease category down to a manageable top 10 apps that are, thereafter, rated using the App Rating Inventory. The category and final scores derived from the rating system inform the clinician about whether an app is evidence informed and easy to use. Although a rating allows a clinician to make focused decisions about app selection in a context where thousands of apps are available, clinicians must weigh the following factors before integrating apps into a treatment plan: clinical presentation, patient engagement and preferences, available resources, and technology expertise.

CLINICALTRIAL
MATHEMATICAL LITERACY ABILITY AND METACOGNITIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF MATHEMATICS PRE-SERVICE TEACHER
Authors: Laamena Christina M , Laurens Theresia
Published: August 2021

This study aims to determine the characteristics of students' metacognition in solving mathematical literacy problems. The metacognitive traits explored are related to awareness in planning, monitoring, and evaluating the design of the thinking process used. The research method used is a mixed-method (sequential explanatory), which uses quantitative research results to conduct qualitative research. The research subjects were 80 early semester students who took the literacy test and chose six respondents representing the upper, middle, and lower groups, with two people in each group to be interviewed. The results showed that the mathematical literacy skills of prospective teachers were at a low level. Metacognitive characteristics that appear in the low group are (1) realizing that the solution of strategy is not right but not improved; (2) planning to develop a settlement strategy, but are not sure, (3) do not carry out the re-check process, and (4) do not believe what is being thought and do not understand the concept. Metacognitive traits in the middle group are (1) aware of what they are thinking, (2) consciously plan various strategies to improve thinking accuracy, but do not always use these strategies, (3) tend to monitor the thinking process, and (4) show tendency to master the basic mathematical concepts of the problems at hand.The characteristics of metacognition in the high group during problem-solving are (1) Using various strategies to demonstrate or improve the accuracy of thinking (sketching, drawing), (2) Analyzing the problem before solving it, and (3)Understanding and mastering the mathematical concepts that underlie the problem which is given.
Isolated Tricuspid Valve Surgery – Repair Versus Replacement: a Meta-analysis
Authors: Sarris-Michopoulos Panagiotis , Macias Alejandro , Sarris-Michopoulos Constantine , Woodhouse Palina , Buitrago Daniel , Salerno Tomas , Magarakis Michael
Published: August 2021

Objective: There is paucity of data on outcomes after isolated tricuspid
valve surgery. This meta-analysis aims to compile available data on
isolated tricuspid valve surgery and compare isolated tricuspid valve
repair (iTVr) with isolated tricuspid valve replacement (iTVR) to
elucidate outcomes after tricuspid valve surgery. Methods: A literature
search of 6 databases was performed. The primary outcomes was 30-day
mortality. Secondary outcomes were early stroke, post-op pacemaker
placement, and tricuspid reoperation within 5 years. Publication bias
was explored using the funnel plot. Results: Ten retrospective studies
involving 1407 patients (iTVr group = 779 patients and iTVR group = 628
patients) were included. A cumulative analysis demonstrated a
significant difference favoring iTVr for 30-day mortality [odds ratio
– 10 studies (95% confidence interval) 0.34 (0.18-0.66)]; 4.7%
versus 12.6%, for iTVr and iTVR, respectively. Post-op pacemaker
placement favored iTVr [odds ratio – 6 studies (95% confidence
interval) 0.37 (0.18-0.77)]. Although stroke rates and TV reoperation
favored iTVr, they did not reach statistical significance. No
publication bias was identified. Conclusions: This meta-analysis
demonstrates that iTVr has better 30-day mortality and fewer permanent
pacemaker placements. Etiology and severity of TR, as well as careful
patient selection remain the most important factors for optimal
outcomes.
Lanthanum- Oligopyrrole Complexes (neutral, III) for biogas capture applications by DFT
Authors: Ibarra-Rodríguez Marisol , Sanchez Mario
Published: August 2021

The structures and interactions of systems formed by the MPBCP
(meta-Phenylene-Bridged Cyclic Oligopyrrole) functionalized with
lanthanum atom were studied for investigating the abilities of MPBCP,
[La-MPBCP]+3 and La-MPBCP to absorb biogas (CO2, N2, H2 and CH4)
using density functional theory. The Eads calculated values for biogas
molecules on [La-MPBCP]+3 and La-MPBCP showed that these gas
molecules have favorable interactions with the lanthanum atom
coordinated on the MPBCP. CO2 molecule shows strong interactions, with
Eads values of -28.63 and -15.95 kcal/mol. In the case of H2 molecule,
the Eads is lower with values of -7.51 and -5.28. It is easy to observe
the CO2 molecule on the [La-MPBCP]+3 system has four times higher
energy value than adsorption energy for the H2 molecule. The natural
bond orbital analysis reveals that gas molecules are electron donator in
the systems and the acceptor orbitals belong to lanthanum atom.
Computational studies suggest that CO2, N2, CH4 and H2 molecules on
[La-MPBCP]+3 and La-MPBCP present physisorption. Our findings
divulge promising potential of the [La-MPBCP]+3 as an
adsorber/separator CO2/H2.
Predictive role of FAR ratio in Covid-19 patients
Authors: Çekiç Deniz , Arman Mehmet Emir , Genç Ahmed Cihad , İşsever Kubilay , yıldırım ilhan , Genc Ahmed Bilal , Dheir Hamad , Yaylaci Selcuk
Published: August 2021

Objective: No effective treatment has yet been found for SARS-cov-2,
which caused a pandemic outbreak in 2019. It is crucial to detect the
progression of Covid-19 in patients as early as possible. Fibrinogen to
albumin ratio (FAR) has been used as a new inflammatory marker. We aimed
to find out whether the use of the FAR ratio as a predictor of mortality
in Covid-19 patients provides clinical benefit. Materials and Methods:
Data from 590 patients with Covid-19 from 15/03/2020 to 15/01/2021 in
medicine wards and intensive care units (ICU) were retrospectively
analyzed. Demographic data and other laboratory markers were collected
from the electronic medical records. Relationship between FAR ratio was
investigated between patients in the survivor/non-survivor patients.
Findings: The mean FAR levels in patients who were non survivor was
24.44±30.3 (n:272 and 11.29±6.29 (n:275) (p:0.000) in patients survivor
COVID-19 infection. In ROC curve for FAR, the threshold FAR that may
pose a risk for mortality was determined as 13.84 ((AUC:
0.808(0.771-0.844)); 74.9% Sensitivity, 74.6% Specificity; p:0.000 )).
Result: As a result of this study, increased FAR were found to be
important markers in determining the mortality levels in Covid-19
patients. What is already known about FAR ratio: The fibrinogen albumin
ratio is a value that has been used to determine the prognosis,
especially in malignancies. [32] In a recent study 91 Covid-19
patients were analyzed 22 patients with severe disease higher FAR ratio
compare to mild disaese [36] What does this article add about FAR
ratio in Covid-19 patients: It has been concluded that the FAR ratio,
which is used in diseases such as malignancy, hypertension, and coronary
syndrome as a marker of disease progression, can be used as a mortality
indicator in Covid-19
Colombian consensus of treatment with pure cannabidiol (CBD) in Psychiatry
Authors: Cassiani-Miranda Carlos , Arango-Dávila Cesar A. , González-Giraldo Jeffrey , Parra-Vera Mario D. , Tellez-Vargas Jorge , Morales Lilian R.
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder, major depressive disorder,
anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, schizophrenia,
insomnia, and disorders related to psychotropic substances are common
diseases worldwide and in Colombia. The pharmacological treatments
available for the management of mental disorders are effective, although
adverse reactions sometimes limit their use; additionally, some patients
do not have an adequate response to them, which generates the need to
develop new effective and safe drugs. Methodology: A Delphi consensus
was developed in real-time, with a panel of seven psychiatric
specialists and a group of developer epidemiologists; a systematic
search was carried out in 3 specialized databases and contributed
articles. By the panel of experts participating in the consensus, two
questionnaires were applied for consideration by the group of experts,
anonymously and on an online platform with the Likert scale. Results:
Recommendations were established based on the available evidence and the
experience provided by the experts. Conclusions: There is biological
plausibility in clinical and preclinical studies that suggest the
effectiveness of the use of pure pharmaceutical-grade CBD, as adjunctive
therapy, for the control of symptoms associated with mental disorders
such as schizophrenia and disorders related to the abuse of psychotropic
substances. However, more rigorous clinical trials are required to make
more precise recommendations on CBD to treat other mental disorders.
Additionally, pure pharmaceutical-grade CBD is considered a safe
treatment.
Computational Analysis of Wind Energy Input into Overhead Power Lines: Turbulence
Authors: Payne Harry , Nouri Hassan , Weerasinghe Rohitha
Published: August 2021

Alternate shedding of vortices from the top and bottom of a conductor in
a flow of wind causes Aeolian vibrations in overhead lines. Energy
transfer to the conductors are calculated using the energy balance
method. Simulation of wind power input into a harmonically oscillating
cylinder by a turbulent flow is solved by numerical integration of the
Naiver-Stokes equations using a numerical simulation tool. The results
show that the assumption of lock-in phenomenon has oscillatory behaviour
at lower amplitude to diameter (A/d) ratios for forced cylinder motion.
Numerical results are in good agreement in the laminar case and k-ω SST
turbulent case with measurements. The relationship between cylinder
motion and vortex shedding is unsteady resulting in lower power transfer
to the cylinder. The vortex shedding frequency oscillates with 10%
turbulent intensity and length scales of 25 mm, 50 mm and 75 mm.
Bridging the Gap: Introduction of an Antimicrobial Peripherally Inserted Central Catheter (PICC) in Response to High PICC Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection Incidence
Authors: DeVries Michelle , Sleweon Thomas
Published: August 2021

Highlights

Objective: To reduce the incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI) in peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) through the introduction of an antimicrobial (AM) catheter as recommended in evidence-based guidelines and standards.

Design: Quality improvement project comparing incidence of infections pre-implementation and postimplementation of the new catheter.

Setting: A 582-bed community teaching hospital in Northwest Indiana.

Methods: Pre-implementation analysis of surveillance data indicated that 50% of CLABSIs occurred in patients with PICCs in situ. A gap analysis was performed to review institutional practices against evidence-based recommendations. The use of an AM catheter was supported in each of the documents consulted. After introduction of the new device, performance was measured in a prospective manner using standardized Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) surveillance protocols for CLABSI and internal data sources for other measures.

Results: After 30 months of data collection, the PICC CLABSI incidence reduced from a baseline rate of 1.83/1000 PICC days to 0.162/1000 PICC days (91.15% reduction, P = 0.0002).

Conclusion: Combined with continued compliance with basic prevention strategies (i.e., use of a central line insertion checklist/insertion bundle) and optimization of device selection and lumen justification, the introduction of an antimicrobial/antithrombogenic (AM/AT) PICC was associated with a significant reduction in CLABSI.
Distinct Molecular Signatures of Clinical Clusters in People with Type 2 Diabetes: an IMI-RHAPSODY Study
Authors: Slieker Roderick C , Donnelly Louise A , Fitipaldi Hugo , Bouland Gerard A , Giordano Giuseppe N. , Åkerlund Mikael , Gerl Mathias J. , Ahlqvist Emma , Ali Ashfaq , Dragan Iulian , Elders Petra , Festa Andreas , Hansen Michael K. , Heijden Amber A van der , Aly Dina Mansour , Kim Min , Kuznetsov Dmitry , Mehl Florence , Klose Christian , Simons Kai , Pavo Imre , Pullen Timothy J. , Suvitaival Tommi , Wretlind Asger , Rossing Peter , Lyssenko Valeriya , Quigley Cristina Legido , Groop Leif , Thorens Bernard , Franks Paul W , Ibberson Mark , Rutter Guy A , Beulens Joline WJ , Hart Leen M ’t , Pearson Ewan R
Published: August 2021

Type 2 diabetes is a
multifactorial disease with multiple underlying aetiologies. To address this
heterogeneity a previous study clustered people with diabetes into five diabetes
subtypes. The aim of the current study is to investigate the aetiology of these
clusters by comparing their molecular signatures. In three independent cohorts,
in total 15,940 individuals were clustered based on five clinical
characteristics. In a subset, genetic- (N=12828), metabolomic- (N=2945),
lipidomic- (N=2593) and proteomic (N=1170) data were obtained in plasma. In
each datatype each cluster was compared with the other four clusters as the
reference. The insulin resistant cluster showed the most distinct molecular
signature, with higher BCAAs, DAG and TAG levels and aberrant protein levels in
plasma enriched for proteins in the intracellular PI3K/Akt pathway. The obese
cluster showed higher cytokines. A subset of the mild diabetes cluster with
high HDL showed the most beneficial molecular profile with opposite effects to
those seen in the insulin resistant cluster. This study showed that clustering
people with type 2 diabetes can identify underlying molecular mechanisms
related to pancreatic islets, liver, and adipose tissue metabolism. This
provides novel biological insights into the diverse aetiological processes that
would not be evident when type 2 diabetes is viewed as a homogeneous disease
Bilateral Anterior Fracture - Dislocation of Shoulder Following Electrocution: About a Rare Case and Review of the Literature
Authors: Badreddine Dehayni
Published: August 2021

Bilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulders associated with a bilateral fracture of the greater tuberosity is an extremel y rare lesion. We reported a case of bilateral dislocation of the shoulder following an electrocution received and operated on in t he Traumatology Orthopaedics I department of the Mohamed V Military Training Hospital in Rabat. The diagnosis was clinical as confirmed by radiological investigations; the patient received surgical treatment after failure of orthopaedic treatment, a bloody reduction in dislocation and osteosynthesis of the greater tuberosity of both shoulders. An evolution was marked by a satisfactory functional recovery of both shoulders. Even clinical examination can help to suspect dislocation, but x - rays are mandatory f or an accurate and early diagnosis. Surgery is recommended for unreduced dislocations or displaced fractures; orthopaedic treatment is indicated in non - displaced fractures subsequent functional rehabilitation allows results after surgical and non - surgical treatment.