bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio Geomorfológico para la Ordenación del Espacio Litoral: Caso del Estuario del Río Purio, República de Panamá
Authors: Rivera Solis Jaime Alberto
Published: January 2017

Se analizan las unidades geomorfológicas y las geoformas de la zona marino-costera de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Purio (República de Panamá), con el objetivo de analizar las evidencias que permitan discriminar las características geomorfológicas de la franja litoral y de la costa. Para ello se ha dispuesto de los procedimientos de realce de bandas y eliminación de ruidos aplicados sobre la imagen Rapid Eyes (2012), en ambiente SPRING, y del uso de los productos derivados del geoprocesamiento de la imagen SRTM – DTED (2011) (Digital Terrain Elevation Data), en ambiente ArcMap (curvas de nivel, datos hipsométricos y pendientes), además de la verificación de campo. Los resultados de las interpolaciones en SIG y el trabajo de campo indican que los cordones litorales constituidos por flechas, paleo-flechas, dunas frontales y bancos de arenas, y la planicie fluvio-marina, colonizada por Rhizophora mangle, forman parte de las unidades geomorfológicas litorales que se internan decenas de metros sobre la costa. No obstante, se sustenta la necesidad de reconocer las especies bio-indicadoras para fundamentar la dinámica de la geobiocenosis en cada una de las unidades geomorfológicas y geoformas que integran la zona marino-costera.
Selection of PPP Projects in China Based on Government Guarantees and Fiscal Risk Control
Authors: Jiang Yong
Published: December 2016

Public-Private Partnership (PPP) is an effective investment channel for government to provide public services. PPPs have the advantage of transferring some project risk to the private sector. They also imply that the public sector should establish appropriate laws and regulations to enable government departments to effectively avoid the emergence of new fiscal risks, which may affect the sustainability of fiscal budgets. This paper expounds the fiscal risks implied by PPP projects in China and the status of government guarantees in various forms of PPP projects; chance-constrained goal-programming (CCGP) is used to simulate government project selection under budget and risk control constraints. The analysis takes fiscal space, the expected costs and benefits of government guarantees, and the possibility of excess government subsidies into consideration. Constrained by fiscal risk minimization and budget limitations, PPP projects with government guarantees can maximize social-economic net present value and simultaneously optimize welfare. The paper also puts forward corresponding policy recommendations based on the research findings.
Extraction and Analysis of Tetrahydrocannabinol, A Cannabis Compound in Oral Fluid
Authors: Zhang Wei , Wang Jun , Mi Zhiyuan , Su Jiangtao , You Xiangyu , Keceli Gizem , Wang Yucheng , Cao Rui , Lai Hong C.
Published: December 2016

Although misuse and abuse of Cannabis is well known, the health benefits have been proved by various biomedical studies. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is the major active substance in leaves of Cannabis, which is the common target for drug testing. In field drug testing, oral fluid (OF) has its unique advantages over other specimens such as blood, urine, and hair. Thus the study of THC in OF is gaining popularity in Cannabis research. In this review, extraction methods are introduced in three categories, which are Liquid-Liquid Extraction (LLE), Solid Phase Extraction (SPE), and Supercritical Fluid Extraction (SFE). Examples of application with each method will be covered. Advantages and disadvantages of these methods will be compared. In addition, methods in analysis following extraction will be briefly discussed.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 9, No. 1
Authors: Dong Bella
Published: December 2016

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of Biology, Vol. 9, No. 1, 2017
Electrochromic Properties of Sputtered Iridium Oxide Thin Films with Various Film Thicknesses
Authors: Abe Yoshio , Ito Satoshi , Kim Kyung Ho , Kawamura Midori , Kiba Takayuki
Published: December 2016

Iridium oxide is an anodic electrochromic material, which takes on a blue-black color through electrochemical oxidation and turns to transparent via reduction. Hydrated amorphous Ir oxide thin films with various thicknesses from 20 to 400 nm were prepared by reactive sputtering in a H2O atmosphere, and their transmittance spectra in both the bleached and colored states as well as their response times were examined in this study. The bleached and colored transmittances decreased with increasing film thickness according to Lambert’s law, and the absorption coefficients in the bleached and colored states were estimated to be 3.2 ´ 103 and 1.1 ´ 105 cm-1, respectively, at a wavelength of 600 nm. The results point to almost all the Ir atoms being electrochemically active and contributing to the color change. A maximum transmittance change of 81% was obtained for the 400 nm-thick film. Further, there was a trade-off between the response speed and the transmittance change. The response speed slowed down with increasing the film thickness, while the coloring and bleaching response time for the thick films was several tens of seconds.
The riddle of phyllotaxis: exquisite control of divergence angle
Authors: Okabe Takuya
Published: December 2016

Phyllotaxis studies published in German in the 1930s have reported intriguing regularity in the arrangement of incipient leaves on shoot apices of a wide variety of plant species. However, these studies have received little attention today, even though they provide a crucial evidence base for understanding this mathematical phenomena. Here I recapitulate the essential point by means of illustrative examples. It is emphasized that accurate control of apical divergence angle is at the heart of the numerical riddle of spiral phyllotaxis. The accurate patterning at the shoot apex has an unexpected evolutionary benefit of being optimally adaptive in the subsequent events of phyllotactic change to occur on an elongating shoot.
Emergence of complex patterns in a higher-dimensional phyllotactic system
Authors: Beyer Robert M. , Richter-Gebert Jürgen
Published: December 2016

A hypothesis commonly known as Hofmeister’s rule states that primordia appearing at the apical ring of a plant shoot in periodic time steps are formed in the position where the most space is available with respect to the space occupation of already-formed primordia. A corresponding two-dimensional dynamical model has been extensively studied by Douady and Couder, and shown to generate a variety of observable phyllotactic patterns indeed. In this study, motivated by mathematical interest in a theoretical phyllotaxis-inspired system rather than by a concrete biological problem, we generalize this model to three dimensions and present the dynamics observed in simulations, thereby illustrating the range of complex structures that phyllotactic mechanisms can give rise to. The patterns feature unexpected additional properties compared to the two-dimensional case, such as periodicity and chaotic behavior of the divergence angle.
Diversity of phyllotaxis in land plants in reference to the shoot apical meristem structure
Authors: Gola Edyta M. , Banasiak Alicja
Published: December 2016

Regularity and periodicity in the arrangements of organs in all groups of land plants raise questions about the mechanisms underlying phyllotactic pattern formation. The initiation of the lateral organs (leaves, flowers, etc.), and thus, their spatio-temporal positioning, occurs in the shoot apical meristem (SAM) and is related to the structure and organogenic activity of the meristem. In this review, we present some aspects of the diversity and stability of phyllotactic patterns in the major lineages of land plants, from bryophytes to angiosperms, in which SAM structures differ significantly. In addition, we discuss some of the possible mechanisms involved in the formation of the recurring arrangement of the lateral organs.
Acacia (wattle) and Cananga (ylang-ylang): from spiral to whorled and irregular (chaotic) phyllotactic patterns – a pictorial report
Authors: Rutishauser Rolf
Published: December 2016

Phyllotaxis, i.e., the arrangement of leaves around the stem and leaf-like organs inside flowers is regular in most vascular plants. Thus, developmental models usually explain regular phyllotactic patterns such as Fibonacci spirals and decussate/whorled patterns that obey Hofmeister’s rule: primordia form as far away as possible from previously initiated primordia. However, flowering plants showing at first Fibonacci spirals or whorled phyllotaxes may switch to other patterns that lack an obvious order and thus may be called irregular or even chaotic. Vegetative shoot tips of various Australian wattles (Acacia spp., Leguminosae in eudicots) and flower buds of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) and other Annonaceae (basal angiosperms) provide examples of irregular patterning. This pictorial report provides food for thought for scientists interested in phyllotaxis patterns beyond the usual spiral and whorled patterns. Emphasis is given on irregular phyllotaxes that occur in wild-type plants, mainly correlated with geometrical parameters such as leaf and stamen primordia that are very small as compared to the size of their apical meristems. They call for additional explanatory models, combining auxin-driven development with geometrical constraints and biophysical processes.
Fibonacci or quasi-symmetric phyllotaxis. Part I: why?
Authors: Golé Christophe , Dumais Jacques , Douady Stéphane
Published: December 2016

The study of phyllotaxis has focused on seeking explanations for the occurrence of consecutive Fibonacci numbers in the number of helices paving the stems of plants in the two opposite directions. Using the disk-accretion model, first introduced by Schwendener and justified by modern biological studies, we observe two distinct types of solutions: the classical Fibonacci-like ones, and also more irregular configurations exhibiting nearly equal number of helices in a quasi-square packing, the quasi-symmetric ones, which are a generalization of the whorled patterns. Defining new geometric tools allowing to work with irregular patterns and local transitions, we provide simple explanations for the emergence of these two states within the same elementary model. A companion paper will provide a wide array of plant data analyses that support our view.
Fibonacci or quasi-symmetric phyllotaxis. Part II: botanical observations
Authors: Douady Stéphane , Golé Christophe
Published: December 2016

Historically, the study of phyllotaxis was greatly helped by the simple description of botanical patterns by only two integer numbers, namely the number of helices (parastichies) in each direction tiling the plant stem. The use of parastichy numbers reduced the complexity of the study and created a proliferation of generalizations, among others the simple geometric model of lattices. Unfortunately, these simple descriptive method runs into difficulties when dealing with patterns presenting transitions or irregularities. Here, we propose several ways of addressing the imperfections of botanical reality. Using ontogenetic analysis, which follows the step-by-step genesis of the pattern, and crystallographic analysis, which reveal irregularity in its details, we show how to derive more information from a real botanical sample, in particular, about its irregularities and transitions. We present several examples, from the first explicit visualization of a normal Fibonacci parastichy number increase, to more exotic ones, including the quasi-symmetric patterns detected in simulations. We compare these observations qualitatively with the result of the disk-packing model, presenting evidence for the relevance of the model.
CHARAKTERYSTYKA WYBRANYCH TECHNIK UKRYWANIA OBRAZU
Authors: Świerkosz Agnieszka
Published: January 2017

Zważywszy, że różne techniki utajniania obrazów są znane od dawna, lecz nie znalazły szerszego zastosowania, być może ze względu na ich mankamenty, w tej publikacji zostaną opisane niektóre rodzaje technik sekretnego podziału obrazów, które już są. Autor ma na celu przeglądnięcie tych technik i ich podsumowanie.
UKŁAD STEROWANIA MAŁĄ ELEKTROWNIĄ WIATROWĄ Z GENERATOREM ASYNCHRONICZNYM
Authors: Możdżyński Kamil , Gajowik Tomasz , Rafał Krzysztof , Malinowski Mariusz
Published: January 2017

Artykuł przedstawia układ sterowania elektrownią wiatrową z generatorem asynchronicznym klatkowym o mocy 11 kW. Generator asynchroniczny w porównaniu do generatora synchronicznego cechuje niższy koszt i większa niezawodność, jednak ze względu na zjawiska związane ze wzbudzeniem, konieczne jest stosowanie bardziej złożonego układu przekształtnikowego oraz dodatkowej aparatury wspomagającej działanie elektrowni wiatrowej w rzeczywistych warunkach. W rezultacie układ sterowania przekształtnika energoelektronicznego sprzęgającego generator z siecią energetyczną wymaga dodatkowego rozbudowania o możliwość zarządzania całą elektrownią. W artykule omówiono zagadnienia i wyniki eksperymentalne związane ze stanami pracy systemu małej elektrowni wiatrowej oraz pętlami sterowania procesem przetwarzania mocy.
KLASYFIKACJA STANU PROCESU SPALANIA NA PODSTAWIE ANALIZY OBRAZU PŁOMIENIA
Authors: Sawicki Daniel
Published: January 2017

W pracy przedstawiono porównanie wybranych metod klasyfikacji obrazów dla współspalania pyłu węglowego i biomasy. Zdefiniowano dwie
klasy spalania: stabilne i niestabilne dla dziewięciu wariantów z różnymi parametrami mocy oraz stałą ilością biomasy. Wyniki badań pokazują, poprawną klasyfikację obrazów dla założonych wariantów. Najlepsze wyniki uzyskano dla klasyfikatora K-NN z parametrem K = 7.
Anastase le Sinaïte, entre citation et invention
Authors: Zaganas Dimitrios ,   Instituto Patristico Augustinianum
Published: January 2017

This article aims to assess Anastasius of Sinai’s usage of ancient Chris-tian sources in the Hexaemeron. Close and thorough examination of his quotations from Justin Martyr, Ireneaus of Lyon, Methodius of Olympus and Eustathius of Antioch reveals that, apart from Methodius, the citations have no analogy to any of their works. On the contrary, the cited opinions appear either to have come from different authors, or to have been faked, in toto or in part, by Anastasius. The reason for such a forgery lies in Anastasius’s attempt to rehabilitate the allegorical interpretation of Gen. 1-3, without being accused of Origenism. Anastasius’s witness to the ancient exegetical tradition is proven to be deliberately misleading, and therefore should not be taken at face value.
Comparison of Accuracy and Speed of Information Identification by Nonpathologists in Synoptic Reports With Different Formats
Authors: Renshaw Andrew A. , Gould Edwin W.
Published: January 2017

Context.—

The College of American Pathologists requires synoptic reports for specific types of pathology reports.

Objective.—

To compare the accuracy and speed of information retrieval in synoptic reports of different formats.

Design.—

We assessed the performance of 28 nonpathologists from 4 different types of users (cancer registrars, MDs, medical non–MDs, and nonmedical) at identifying specific information in various formatted synoptic reports, using a computerized quiz that measured both accuracy and speed.

Results.—

There was no significant difference in the accuracy of data identification for any user group or in any format. While there were significant differences in raw time between users, these were eliminated when normalized times were used. Compared with the standard format of a required data element (RDE) and response on 1 line, both a list of responses without an RDE (21%, P < .001) and a paired response with more concise text (33%, P < .001) were significantly faster. In contrast, both the 2-line format (RDE header on one line, response indented on the second line) (12%, P < .001) and a report with the RDE response pairs in a random order were significantly slower (16%, P < .001).

Conclusions.—

There are significant differences in ease of use by nonpathologists between different synoptic report formats. Such information may be useful in deciding between different format options.
Multimodality Technologies in the Assessment of Hematolymphoid Neoplasms
Authors: Li Shiyong , Jaye David L. , Bradley Kyle T. , Zhang Linsheng , Saxe Debra , Deeb George , Hill Charlie E. , Mann Karen P.
Published: January 2017

Accurate assessment of tissues for hematolymphoid neoplasms requires an integrated multiparameter approach. Although morphologic examination by light microscopy remains the mainstay of initial assessment for hematolymphoid neoplasms, immunophenotypic analysis by immunohistochemistry and/or flow cytometry is essential to determine the pattern of differentiation and to detect minimal disease when morphology is inconclusive. In some cases, immunophenotypic analysis provides additional information for targeted immunotherapy and prognostication. Genotypic studies, including cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, DNA microarray, polymerase chain reaction, and/or next-generation sequencing, are also imperative for subclassification of the genetically defined disease entities in the current World Health Organization classification of hematolymphoid neoplasms. Moreover, genotypic studies can establish clonality, stratify patients to determine appropriate treatment, and monitor patients for treatment response.
LUGARES DE DEVOÇÃO À SANTA ABADIA NO INTERIOR DE GOIÁS: a igreja da padroeira, a praça, os residentes e visitantes
Authors: Santos Jean Carlos Vieira , Santos Márcia Regina Feitosa
Published: January 2017

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o lugar de fé e devoção à Nossa Senhora da Abadia e compreender se, no espaço investigado - a cidade de Quirinópolis - existe algum sentido ou elementos que possibilitem a discussão da religiosidade como uma relação de fé e devoção estabelecida. Nessa perspectiva, visa-se apresentar algumas análises sobre as particularidades, as relações estabelecidas nos espaços da igreja, praça da matriz e nos espaços públicos urbanos, além de verificar como tal devoção e constituída histórica e culturalmente. Os principais resultados (apresentados nas análises e inquéritos) apontam para um grupo de sujeitos de base local e regional que planejam, organizam e fazem a festa.
Rosaceae-feeding Nepticulidae (Lepidoptera) of South America: some taxonomic and trophic diversity revealed
Authors: Stonis Jonas R. , Diškus Arūnas , Remeikis Andrius , Torres Nixon Cumbicus
Published: January 2017

The paper reviews the  most recent findings of the  Rosaceae-feeding Nepticulidae species along with previous records of these tropically specialized leaf-miners in South America and describes three new species: one species on Hesperomeles obtusifolia (Pers.) Lindl (Stigmella circinata Diškus  &  Stonis, sp.  nov.) and two species on Rubus  spp. (S. rubiphagiella Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov. and Ectoedemia morae Diškus & Stonis, sp. nov.); all from the equatorial Andes. Additionally, leaf-mines of the unknown Stigmella taxa feeding on Acaena L., Alchemilla L., Rubus L., Prunus L., and Hesperomeles Lindl are documented. Description of previously unknown females of Stigmella nubimontana Puplesis & Diškus and photographic documentation of leaf-mines of S. nubimontana and S. rubeta Puplesis & Diškus are provided for the first time. The discovered Rosaceae-feeding Nepticulidae exhibit morphological and taxonomical diversity: two new species groups, Stigmella imperatoria and S. circinata, are designated; the latter is also compared with the most similar and probably closely related Holarctic S. hemargyrella and S. sorbi groups.
Analyzing Digital Collections Entrances: What Gets Used and Why It Matters
Authors: Biswas Paromita , Marchesoni Joel
Published: December 2016

This paper analyzes usage data from Hunter Library's digital collections using Google Analytics for a period of twenty-seven months from October 2013 through December 2015. The authors consider this data analysis to be important for identifying collections that receive the largest number of visits. We argue this data evaluation is important in terms of better informing decisions for building digital collections that will serve user needs. The authors also study the benefits of harvesting to sites such as the DPLA and consider this paper will contribute to the overall literature on Google Analytics and its use by libraries.
Accessibility of Vendor-Created Database Tutorials for People with Disabilities
Authors: Oud Joanne
Published: December 2016

Many video, screencast, webinar, or interactive tutorials are created and provided by vendors for use by libraries to instruct users in database searching. This study investigates whether these vendor-created database tutorials are accessible for people with disabilities, to see whether librarians can use these tutorials instead of creating them in-house.  Findings on accessibility were mixed.  Positive accessibility features and common accessibility problems are described, with recommendations on how to maximize accessibility.
Editorial Board Thoughts: Metadata Training in Canadian Library Technician Programs
Authors: Farnel Sharon
Published: December 2016

Editorial Board Thoughts: Metadata Training in Canadian Library Technician Programs
Is cook 'der Koch' or 'die Köchin'? Problems of (social) gender in translation
Authors: Nissen Uwe Kjær
Published: January 2017

By means of the category of gender, especially the concept of social gender, this article intends to illustrate the different parameters that are involved when referring to translation as a “crosscultural transfer”. Specific factors that have an influence on the translation, such as connotations of gender, pragmatic situations, different linguistic structure (i.e. languages that show grammatical vs. languages that show pronominal gender), are discussed. The article emphasizes the importance of the translator’s role to interpret the source text and to determine the function of the target text.
Using VARBRUL for Studying Modal Auxiliary Verbs?
Authors: Kirk John M.
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
Introduction to Thematic Section on Interpreting Research
Authors: Schjoldager Anne
Published: January 2017

No abstract.
Der Simultandolmetscher als Textproduzent
Authors: Dubslaff Friedel
Published: January 2017

The simultaneous interpreter is a secondary text producer in the sense that s/he is not responsible for the contents of the text to be transferred to the target language. In this paper it is assumed 1) that this lack of autonomy results in the construction of a discourse model which differs from the speaker’s discourse model and 2) that this difference is reflected in different referential expressions used by the speaker and the interpreter respectively. Based on Mira Ariel’s Accessibility Theory, referential expressions are regarded as accessibility markers, by means of which the text producer signals to the hearer whether the mental representation of the referent in question has a high or low degree of accessibility in his/her memory. It is claimed that, whenever text production is difficult due to special conditions of the simultaneous mode, the interpreter tends to choose referential expressions which indicate that a particular referent has a lower state of activation in his/her discourse model as compared with the speaker’s. If a higher accessibility marker is used in such a case this can be explained as a misunderstanding, comprehension deficit or loss of information.
Testimonio y materialidad: el encuentro con el espacio y el lugar / Testimonio and Materiality. The Encounter With Space and Place
Authors: Corbin Megan
Published: January 2017

Este trabajo explora la dimensión individual del encuentro con los sitios de memoria en la postdictadura del Cono Sur. Revela la existencia de un deseo testimonial en conexión con los ex centros clandestinos de tortura, detención y exterminio (CCDTyEs) en Argentina y Chile y propone que este deseo produce un encuentro frustrado con el material en el momento en que llega el/la visitante al sitio de memoria. Argumenta que este pacto “no cumplido” con el testimonio que nos da el espacio es una de las experiencias más productivas que el espacio puede producir en el visitante, al poner al visitante en una situación paralela a la que vive el/la sobreviviente de la violencia, una situación en que uno desea dejar testimonio pero se enfrenta con la crisis de la representación de la violencia, donde se lucha por encontrar una forma adecuada para hacer que el otro entienda la magnitud del horror vivido. Palabras Clave: Testimonio, Sitios de Memoria, Post-dictadura, Chile, Argentina, Memoria intergeneracional, Londres 38, Villa Grimaldi.This essay explores the individual dimension of the encounter with sites of memory in the Southern Cone post-dictatorship. It reveals the existence of a testimonial desire in connection with the former clandestine centers of detention, torture, and extermination in Argentina and Chile and proposes that this desire produces a frustrated encounter with the material in the moment in which the visitor arrives to the site of memory. It argues that this “incomplete” nature of the testimonial pact we have with the space is one of the most productive experiences the space could provide to the visitor because it puts the visitor in a situation that runs parallel to that of the survivor of violence who struggles to find an adequate form through which to make the “other” understand the magnitude of the violence of their story. Key Words: Testimonio, Sites of Memory, Post-dictatorship, Chile, Argentina, Intergenerational Memory, Londres 38, Villa Grimaldi.
El Laboratorio de Formas y la reintegración de un proyecto cultural en las políticas de la memoria / Laboratorio de Formas: Reintegration of a Cultural Project in Memory Policies
Authors: Real López Inmaculada
Published: January 2017

Este artículo estudia el proceso de recuperación de la cultura gallega en el exilio, la creación del proyecto empresarial del Laboratorio de Formas y la pervivencia del mismo, desde su puesta en marcha durante el franquismo hasta la democracia. Se aborda, el importante papel que desempeñó para la recuperación de la memoria histórica gallega, y se hace referencia a la difícil situación que está protagonizando. Palabras clave: Exilio, patrimonio, políticas de la memoria, cultura, democracia This article studies the process of recovery of Galician culture in exile, the creation of business project Laboratory methods and the survival of the same, since Franco's dictatorship regime to democracy. It's an important role played for the recovery of the Galician historical memory, and it makes reference at the difficult situation presently. Keywords: Exile, heritage, memory politics, culture, democracy
Exilios fragmentados en Luisa Futoransky y Alicia Kozameh, dos autoras de la diáspora argentina / Fragmented Exiles in Luisa Futoransky and Alicia Kozameh, Two Authors of Argentinean Diaspora
Authors: Pfeiffer Erna
Published: January 2017

En este artículo se analiza el aspecto del exilio, forzoso o voluntario, en las obras “El Formosa” (2009) de Luisa Futoransky y “259 saltos” (2001/2013), de Alicia Kozameh, ambas escritoras argentinas exiliadas. Eterna viajera, que pasó años de su vida en Italia, Israel, Japón y China, la poeta, ensayista y novelista Luisa Futoransky (1939) vive en París desde 1981. Alicia Kozameh (1953), presa política de la Dictadura Militar, tuvo que exiliarse definitivamente en 1980, y vive en Los Ángeles desde 1988. Los textos analizados tienen en común el hecho de que son difíciles de clasificar según un esquema clásico de géneros literarios; juegan con elementos de la autoficción y del testimonio y son sumamente fragmentarios. También el multiculturalismo y el plurilingüismo desempeñan un papel importante en ellos. Palabras clave: Exilio, Dictadura Militar, Alicia Kozameh, Luisa Futoransky, fragmentación. In this article, we analyze the aspect of forced or voluntary exile in “El Formosa” (2009) by Luisa Futoransky and “259 saltos” (2001/2013) by Alicia Kozameh, both of them exiled Argentine authors. Luisa Futoransky (born in 1939) has been an eternal traveler who passed years of her life in Italy, Israel, Japan, and China; she is poet, essayist, and novelist; since 1981 she has been living in Paris. Alicia Kozameh (born in 1953) was a political prisoner of Military Dictatorship in Argentina and had to go to exile definitively in 1980 and has been living in Los Angeles since 1988. The analyzed texts have in common the fact that they are very difficult to classify following a classical scheme of literary genres. They play with elements of autofiction and testimonio and are extremely fragmentary. Moreover, multiculturalism and plurilinguism play an important role in the texts. Keywords: Exile, Military Dictatorship, Alicia Kozameh, Luisa Futoransky, Fragmentation.
Tamara Kamenszain: nómada de la memoria por el silencio de la escritura / Tamara Kamenszain: a memory nomad wandering along the silence of writing
Authors: Sánchez Anguix Ana
Published: January 2017

En este estudio se analizan las figuraciones y construcciones de la voz poética en la obra de Tamara Kamenszain, en relación con su experiencia en el exilio y la necesidad de reconstruir una memoria tanto individual como colectiva en el espacio de la escritura. Palabras clave: Exilio, escritura poética, memoria, identidad. This article analyses how the poetic voice is configured in the work of Tamara Kamenszain, focusing on its relation to exile and highlighting the need for reconstructing both individual and collective memory through poetry writing. Keywords: Exile, poetic writing, memory, identity.
'La regió en la pantalla. El cinema i la identitat dels valencians', de Marta García Carrión
Authors: García López Sonia
Published: January 2017

Reseña del libro de Marta García Carrión La regió en la pantalla. El cinema i la identitat dels valencians, Afers, Valencia, ISBN: 9788416260119, 221 págs.
Narraciones dislocadas: el exilio y el campo de concentración, dos formas de la violencia en la literatura testimonial argentina y española / Dislocated Narratives: Exile and Concentration Camps, two forms of violence in Argentinean and Spanish Literature
Authors: Simón Porolli Paula
Published: January 2017

El campo de concentración y el exilio constituyen dos formas típicas de la violencia y la exclusión que exigen ser estudiadas desde una perspectiva transversal y transnacional, puesto que a lo largo del siglo veinte se hicieron concretas en diversos contextos de dictaduras y totalitarismos tanto en Europa como en América Latina. El propósito de este ensayo es reflexionar en torno a dos narrativas testimoniales –la producida por los españoles republicanos que pasaron por los campos de concentración franceses a partir de 1939 y la escrita por los supervivientes de la dictadura argentina que, una vez liberados, marcharon al exilio– que han dado cuenta de la vinculación entre ambos fenómenos. Se trata, por tanto, de analizar la representación de la dislocación geográfica que provoca en el sujeto otros tipos de dislocaciones, asociadas con la integridad emocional, el sentido de pertenencia a un colectivo de referencia y los patrones sobre los que se asienta su identidad.
Identifying zooplankton community changes between shallow and upper-mesophotic reefs on the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef, Caribbean
Authors: Andradi-Brown Dominic A. , Head Catherine E. I. , Exton Dan A. , Hunt Christina L. , Hendrix Alicia , Gress Erika , Rogers Alex D.
Published: January 2017

Mesophotic coral ecosystems (MCEs, reefs 30–150 m) are understudied, yet the limited research conducted has been biased towards large sessile taxa, such as scleractinian corals and sponges, or mobile taxa such as fishes. Here we investigate zooplankton communities on shallow reefs and MCEs around Utila on the southern Mesoamerican Barrier Reef using planktonic light traps. Zooplankton samples were sorted into broad taxonomic groups. Our results indicate similar taxonomic zooplankton richness and overall biomass between shallow reefs and MCEs. However, the abundance of larger bodied (>2 mm) zooplanktonic groups, including decapod crab zoea, mysid shrimps and peracarid crustaceans, was higher on MCEs than shallow reefs. Our findings highlight the importance of considering zooplankton when identifying broader reef community shifts across the shallow reef to MCE depth gradient.
miR-21 increases c-kit+ cardiac stem cell proliferation in vitro through PTEN/PI3K/Akt signaling
Authors: Shi Bei , Deng Wenwen , Long Xianping , Zhao Ranzun , Wang Yan , Chen Wenming , Xu Guanxue , Sheng Jin , Wang Dongmei , Cao Song
Published: January 2017

The low survival rate of cardiac stem cells (CSCs) in the ischemic myocardium is one of the obstacles in ischemic cardiomyopathy cell therapy. The MicroRNA (miR)-21 and one of its target protein, the tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN), contributes to the proliferation of many kinds of tissues and cell types. It is reported that miR-21 promotes proliferation through PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway, but its effects on c-kit+ CSC remain unclear. The authors hypothesized that miR-21 promotes the proliferation in c-kit+ CSC, and evaluated the involvement of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway in vitro. miR-21 up-regulation with miR-21 efficiently mimics accelerated cell viability and proliferation in c-kit+ CSC, which was evidenced by the CCK-8, EdU and cell cycle analyses. In addition, the over-expression of miR-21 in c-kit+ CSCs notably down-regulated the protein expression of PTEN although the mRNA level of PTEN showed little change. Gain-of-function of miR-21 also increased the phosphor-Akt (p-Akt) level. Phen, the selective inhibitor of PTEN, reproduced the pro-proliferation effects of miR-21, while PI3K inhibitor, LY294002, totally attenuated the pro-survival effect of miR-21. These results indicate that miR-21 is efficient in promoting proliferation in c-kit+ CSCs, which is contributed by the PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway. miR-21 holds the potential to facilitate CSC therapy in ischemic myocardium.
Editorial
Authors: Zolezzi Tibaldo
Published: December 2016

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Research for assessment, not deployment, of Climate Engineering: The German Research Foundation's Priority Program SPP 1689
Authors: Oschlies Andreas , Klepper Gernot
Published: December 2016

The historical developments are reviewed that have led from a bottom–up responsibility initiative of concerned scientists to the emergence of a nationwide interdisciplinary Priority Program on the assessment of Climate Engineering (CE) funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). Given the perceived lack of comprehensive and comparative appraisals of different CE methods, the Priority Program was designed to encompass both solar radiation management (SRM) and carbon dioxide removal (CDR) ideas and to cover the atmospheric, terrestrial, and oceanic realm. First, key findings obtained by the ongoing Priority Program are summarized and reveal that, compared to earlier assessments such as the 2009 Royal Society report, more detailed investigations tend to indicate less efficiency, lower effectiveness, and often lower safety. Emerging research trends are discussed in the context of the recent Paris agreement to limit global warming to less than two degrees and the associated increasing reliance on negative emission technologies. Our results show then when deployed at scales large enough to have a significant impact on atmospheric CO2, even CDR methods such as afforestation—often perceived as “benign”—can have substantial side effects and may raise severe ethical, legal, and governance issues. We suppose that before being deployed at climatically relevant scales, any negative emission or CE method will require careful analysis of efficiency, effectiveness, and undesired side effects.
CMIP5multimodel projections of extreme weather events in the humid subtropical Gangetic Plain region of India
Authors: Nath Reshmita , Cui Xuefeng , Nath Debashis , Graf Hans F. , Chen Wen , Wang Lin , Gong Hainan , Li Qian
Published: December 2016

Since 1960s, India experiences a series of extreme drought and flood events during the summer months. The Humid Subtropical Climatic Zone (HSTC), which comprises the Indo‐Gangetic Plain region of India, is highly vulnerable to the climatic extremities. This region is the home for approximately 40% of total population and yields approximately 50% of total agricultural production of India. We investigate the historical variation in dry/wet conditions and project the future changes in extreme events under two different scenarios of the Coupled Model Inter‐comparison Project 5 models. First, the model parameters, that is, precipitation (P) and temperature (T) are bias corrected with respect to observation data and finally six models are selected, which are in right phase with the observation for composite analysis. Next, we calculate the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and the Standardized Potential Evapotranspiration Index to characterize the extreme events. BothPand PET are projected to increase in theHSTCzone; however, both the wet and dry conditions demonstrate a persistent increase in future. In relative terms,Pincreases faster thanPETalong the Gangetic Plain region (wet condition) and decreases in the southern and eastern part of the region (dry condition). The mitigating effect (RCP4.5 scenario) of precipitation increase will be overridden by strengthenedPETand extreme dry condition project markedly underRCP8.5 scenario. The features are consistent with the increase/ decrease in multimodel meanSPEI, consistent with the spatial pattern ofP−PET. The area affected due to wet and dry events will be relatively higher under theRCP4.5 andRCP8.5 scenario, respectively.
Estimating methane emissions from biological and fossil‐fuel sources in the San Francisco Bay Area
Authors: Jeong Seongeun , Cui Xinguang , Blake Donald R. , Miller Ben , Montzka Stephen A. , Andrews Arlyn , Guha Abhinav , Martien Philip , Bambha Ray P. , LaFranchi Brian , Michelsen Hope A. , Clements Craig B. , Glaize Pierre , Fischer Marc L.
Published: December 2016

We present the first sector‐specific analysis of methane (CH4) emissions from the San Francisco Bay Area (SFBA) using CH4 and volatile organic compound (VOC) measurements from six sites during September – December 2015. We apply a hierarchical Bayesian inversion to separate the biological from fossil‐fuel (natural gas and petroleum) sources using the measurements of CH4 and selected VOCs, a source‐specific 1 km CH4 emission model, and an atmospheric transport model. We estimate that SFBA CH4 emissions are 166–289 Gg CH4/yr (at 95% confidence), 1.3–2.3 times higher than a recent inventory with much of the underestimation from landfill. Including the VOCs, 82 ± 27% of total posterior median CH4 emissions are biological and 17 ± 3% fossil fuel, where landfill and natural gas dominate the biological and fossil‐fuel CH4 of prior emissions, respectively.
Cross‐Saharan transport of water vapor via recycled cold pool outflows from moist convection
Authors: Trzeciak Tomasz M. , Garcia‐Carreras Luis , Marsham John H.
Published: December 2016

Very sparse data have previously limited observational studies of meteorological processes in the Sahara. We present an observed case of convectively driven water vapor transport crossing the Sahara over 2.5 days in June 2012, from the Sahel in the south to the Atlas in the north. A daily cycle is observed, with deep convection in the evening generating moist cold pools that fed the next day's convection; the convection then generated new cold pools, providing a vertical recycling of moisture. Trajectories driven by analyses were able to capture the direction of the transport but not its full extent, particularly at night when cold pools are most active, and analyses missed much of the water content of cold pools. The results highlight the importance of cold pools for moisture transport, dust and clouds, and demonstrate the need to include these processes in models in order to improve the representation of Saharan atmosphere.
The behavior of electron density and temperature during ionospheric heating near the fifth electron gyrofrequency
Authors: Wu Jun , Wu Jian , Rietveld M. T. , Haggstrom I. , Zhao Haisheng , Xu Zhengwen
Published: December 2016

The experimental phenomena involving the changes in electron temperature and electron density as a function of pump frequency during an ionospheric heating campaign at European Incoherent Scatter near Tromsø, Norway, are reported. When the pump frequency is slightly above the fifth electron gyrofrequency, the UHF radar observation shows some apparent enhancements over a wide altitude range in radar echo, ion line, and electron density respectively, which are apparently altitude independent and consistent temporally with the upshifting and spread of plasma line around the reflection altitude. However, they do not, in fact, correspond to true increase in electron density. Based on some existing theories, some discussions are presented to try to explain the above enhancements and the upshifting and spread of plasma line. Even so, the mechanism remains to be determined. In addition, the observation also shows some enhancements in electron temperature as a function of pump frequency around the reflection altitude of the pump, which are dependent on the behavior of dispersion of the upper hybrid wave near the fifth electron gyrofrequency.
Van Allen Probes observations of prompt MeV radiation belt electron acceleration in nonlinear interactions with VLF chorus
Authors: Foster J. C. , Erickson P. J. , Omura Y. , Baker D. N. , Kletzing C. A. , Claudepierre S. G.
Published: December 2016

Prompt recovery of MeV (millions of electron Volts) electron populations in the poststorm core of the outer terrestrial radiation belt involves local acceleration of a seed population of energetic electrons in interactions with VLF chorus waves. Electron interactions during the generation of VLF rising tones are strongly nonlinear, such that a fraction of the relativistic electrons at resonant energies are trapped by waves, leading to significant nonadiabatic energy exchange. Through detailed examination of VLF chorus and electron fluxes observed by Van Allen Probes, we investigate the efficiency of nonlinear processes for acceleration of electrons to MeV energies. We find through subpacket analysis of chorus waveforms that electrons with initial energy of hundreds of keV to 3 MeV can be accelerated by 50 keV–200 keV in resonant interactions with a single VLF rising tone on a time scale of 10–100 ms.
A Bayesian seismic hazard analysis for the city of Naples
Authors: Faenza Licia , Pierdominici Simona , Hainzl Sebastian , Cinti Francesca Romana , Sandri Laura , Selva Jacopo , Tonini Roberto , Perfetti Paolo
Published: December 2016

In this paper we explore the feasibility of formulating the hazard assessment procedure to include the information of past earthquakes into the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis, together with the use of an ensemble modeling technique. This strategy allows, on the one hand, to enlarge the information used in the evaluation of the hazard, from alternative models for the earthquake generation process to past shaking and, on the other hand, to explicitly account for the uncertainties. The Bayesian scheme we propose is applied to evaluate the seismic hazard of Naples. The framework in which we have embedded the tools is flexible to include all types of uncertainties. Here we focus on a sensitive study of the earthquake occurrence by implementing models that span from random to cluster‐type temporal behavior and models that include quasiperiodic occurrence of earthquakes on faults. We implement five different spatiotemporal models to parameterize the occurrence of earthquakes potentially dangerous for Naples. Subsequently, we combine these hazard curves with ShakeMaps of past earthquakes that have been felt in Naples since 1200 A.D. The results are posterior ensemble hazard curves for three exposure times, e.g., 5, 10, and 50 years, in a dense grid that covers the municipality of Naples, considering rocky soil and including the site amplification. Our results show the importance to include the data from past shaking since the difference between the prior and the posterior is about 8–15% for the different exposure times.
Four‐dimensional imaging of moisture dynamics during landslide reactivation
Authors: Uhlemann Sebastian , Chambers Jonathan , Wilkinson Paul , Maurer Hansruedi , Merritt Andrew , Meldrum Philip , Kuras Oliver , Gunn David , Smith Alister , Dijkstra Tom
Published: December 2016

Landslides pose significant risks to communities and infrastructure, and mitigating these risks relies on understanding landslide causes and triggering processes. It has been shown that geophysical surveys can significantly contribute to the characterization of unstable slopes. However, hydrological processes can be temporally and spatially heterogeneous, requiring their related properties to be monitored over time. Geoelectrical monitoring can provide temporal and volumetric distributions of electrical resistivity, which are directly related to moisture content. To date, studies demonstrating this capability have been restricted to 2‐D sections, which are insufficient to capture the full degree of spatial heterogeneity. This study is the first to employ 4‐D (i.e., 3‐D time lapse) resistivity imaging on an active landslide, providing long‐term data (3 years) highlighting the evolution of moisture content prior to landslide reactivation and showing its decline post reactivation. Crucially, the time‐lapse inversion methodology employed here incorporates movements of the electrodes on the unstable surface. Although seasonal characteristics dominate the shallow moisture dynamics during the first 2 years with surficial drying in summer and wetting in winter, in the months preceding reactivation, moisture content increased by more than 45% throughout the slope. This is in agreement with independent data showing a significant rise in piezometric heads and shallow soil moisture contents as a result of prolonged and intense rainfall. Based on these results, remediation measures could be designed and early‐warning systems implemented. Thus, resistivity monitoring that can allow for moving electrodes provides a new means for the effective mitigation of landslide risk.
Dependence of radiation belt simulations to assumed radial diffusion rates tested for two empirical models of radial transport
Authors: Drozdov A. Y. , Shprits Y. Y. , Aseev N. A. , Kellerman A. C. , Reeves G. D.
Published: December 2016

Radial diffusion is one of the dominant physical mechanisms that drives acceleration and loss of the radiation belt electrons, which makes it very important for nowcasting and forecasting space weather models. We investigate the sensitivity of the two parameterizations of the radial diffusion of Brautigam and Albert (2000) and Ozeke et al. (2014) on long‐term radiation belt modeling using the Versatile Electron Radiation Belt (VERB). Following Brautigam and Albert (2000) and Ozeke et al. (2014), we first perform 1‐D radial diffusion simulations. Comparison of the simulation results with observations shows that the difference between simulations with either radial diffusion parameterization is small. To take into account effects of local acceleration and loss, we perform 3‐D simulations, including pitch angle, energy, and mixed diffusion. We found that the results of 3‐D simulations are even less sensitive to the choice of parameterization of radial diffusion rates than the results of 1‐D simulations at various energies (from 0.59 to 1.80 MeV). This result demonstrates that the inclusion of local acceleration and pitch angle diffusion can provide a negative feedback effect, such that the result is largely indistinguishable simulations conducted with different radial diffusion parameterizations. We also perform a number of sensitivity tests by multiplying radial diffusion rates by constant factors and show that such an approach leads to unrealistic predictions of radiation belt dynamics.