bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly reflective Ni/Pt/Al p-electrode for improving the efficiency of an AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet light-emitting diode
Authors: Liu Kexi , Jiang Ke , Wang Bingxiang , Wang Xianjun , Ben Jianwei , Zhang Shanli , Chen Yang , Jia Yuping , Liu Mingrui , Sun Xiaojuan , Li Dabing
Published: July 2024

In this work, we propose a highly reflective Ni/Pt/Al p-electrode for AlGaN-based deep ultraviolet (DUV) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with a wavelength of 276 nm. AlGaN-based DUV LEDs with traditional Al-based reflectivity electrodes suffer from device degradation and wall-plug efficiency (WPE) droop due to the Al diffusion during electrode annealing. By inserting a Pt layer between the Ni contact layer and the Al reflective layer, the contact characteristics of the p-electrode can be optimized by blocking the diffusion of the O and Al atoms, maintaining a high reflectivity of over 80% near 280 nm. Compared to the AlGaN-based DUV LEDs with Ni/Au traditional p-electrodes and Ni/Al traditional reflective p-electrodes, the WPE of the LED with a highly reflective Ni/Pt/Al p-electrode is improved by 10.3% and 30.5%, respectively. Besides, compared to the other novel reflective p-electrodes using multiple annealing or evaporation processes reported for the AlGaN-based DUV LEDs, we provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, optimization method for single evaporation and annealing p-type reflective electrodes, featured with a simpler and more convenient process flow.
All-optical logic gates based on optimized coherent perfect absorber and fuzzy inference system
Authors: Mousavi Somayeh , Mansouri-Birjandi Mohammad Ali , Rakhshani Mohammad Reza , Rezaei Mehdi
Published: July 2024

All-optical logic gates (AO-LGs) are key elements that play a pivotal role in the development of future all-optical computing and all-optical computers. In this paper, benefiting from particle swarm optimization (PSO), an optimized metasurface unit cell in the far-infrared (FIR) frequency band is presented as the basis of four port controlling light with the light system. This system, known as coherent perfect absorption (CPA), could be applied as AO-LGs in certain conditions. NOT, AND, OR, NAND, NOR, XOR, and XNOR logic gates can be implemented with the proposed method. The remarkable innovation of this article is the use of a fuzzy inference system (FIS) instead of a crisp threshold. Different calculated parameters like extinction ratio (ER = 96.2 dB), contrast ratio (CR = 99.54 dB), amplitude modulation (AM = 0.7 dB), and eye-opening (EO = 99%), besides the possibility of utilizing the proposed system for various kind of CPA films, prove the impressive effects of FIS applying as a novelty in this work. Small dimensions and low power consumption are other characteristics of the proposed method that are obtained as a result of using optimized metasurface-based CPA.
Limb-related sensory prediction errors and task-related performance errors facilitate human sensorimotor learning through separate mechanisms
Authors: Oza Anushka , Kumar Adarsh , Sharma Apoorva , Mutha Pratik K.
Published: July 2024

The unpredictable nature of our world can introduce a variety of errors in our actions, including sensory prediction errors (SPEs) and task performance errors (TPEs). SPEs arise when our existing internal models of limb-environment properties and interactions become miscalibrated due to changes in the environment, while TPEs occur when environmental perturbations hinder achievement of task goals. The precise mechanisms employed by the sensorimotor system to learn from such limb- and task-related errors and improve future performance are not comprehensively understood. To gain insight into these mechanisms, we performed a series of learning experiments wherein the location and size of a reach target were varied, the visual feedback of the motion was perturbed in different ways, and instructions were carefully manipulated. Our findings indicate that the mechanisms employed to compensate SPEs and TPEs are dissociable. Specifically, our results fail to support theories that suggest that TPEs trigger implicit refinement of reach plans or that their occurrence automatically modulates SPE-mediated learning. Rather, TPEs drive improved action selection, that is, the selection of verbally sensitive, volitional strategies that reduce future errors. Moreover, we find that exposure to SPEs is necessary and sufficient to trigger implicit recalibration. When SPE-mediated implicit learning and TPE-driven improved action selection combine, performance gains are larger. However, when actions are always successful and strategies are not employed, refinement in behavior is smaller. Flexibly weighting strategic action selection and implicit recalibration could thus be a way of controlling how much, and how quickly, we learn from errors.
Turn down for watt: Community fit and thermal comfort habituation predict average household heating energy consumption
Authors: Gruda Dritjon , Hanges Paul
Published: July 2024

Lowering average household heating energy consumption plays a pivotal role in addressing climate change and has been central to policy initiatives. Strategies proposed so far have included commitments, incentives/ disincentives, feedback, and social norms. Yet, findings so far have been mixed and fail to explain the mechanism that drives energy conservation behavior. Using a sample of 2,128 participants across the United States, we collected survey data matched with archival temperature data to investigate the influence of past experiences on current energy conservation behaviors. Our findings indicate that childhood home temperatures significantly predict current home temperature settings. Importantly, community fit moderated this relationship. Individuals with high community fit were more likely to align their home temperature settings to those of their community. These insights not only shed light on the underlying mechanisms driving energy consumption behavior but also suggest that fostering a sense of community fit might be a more effective strategy for promoting sustainable energy practices.
The global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis: A thematic scoping review, 2020–2023
Authors: Marco Michael H. , Ahmedov Sevim , Castro Kenneth G.
Published: July 2024

Background

This thematic scoping review of publications sought to understand the global impact of COVID-19 on tuberculosis (TB), interpret the scope of resonating themes, and offer policy recommendations to stimulate TB recovery and future pandemic preparedness.

Data sources

Publications were captured from three search engines, PubMed, EBSCO, and Google Scholar, and applicable websites written in English from January 1, 2020, to April 30, 2023.

Study selection

Our scoping review was limited to publications detailing the impact of COVID-19 on TB. Original research, reviews, letters, and editorials describing the deleterious and harmful––yet sometimes positive––impact of COVID-19 (sole exposure) on TB (sole outcome) were included. The objective was to methodically categorize the impacts into themes through a comprehensive review of selected studies to provide significant health policy guidance.

Data extraction

Two authors independently screened citations and full texts, while the third arbitrated when consensus was not met. All three performed data extraction.

Data synthesis/Results

Of 1,755 screened publications, 176 (10%) covering 39 countries over 41 months met the inclusion criteria. By independently using a data extraction instrument, the three authors identified ten principal themes from each publication. These themes were later finalized through a consensus decision. The themes encompassed TB’s care cascade, patient-centered care, psychosocial issues, and health services: 1) case-finding and notification (n = 45; 26%); 2) diagnosis and laboratory systems (n = 19; 10.7%) 3) prevention, treatment, and care (n = 22; 12.2%); 4) telemedicine/telehealth (n = 12; 6.8%); 5) social determinants of health (n = 14; 8%); 6) airborne infection prevention and control (n = 8; 4.6%); 7) health system strengthening (n = 22; 13%); 8) mental health (n = 13; 7.4%); 9) stigma (n = 11; 6.3%); and 10) health education (n = 10; 5.7%).

Limitations

Heterogeneity of publications within themes.

Conclusions

We identified ten globally generalizable themes of COVID-19’s impact on TB. The impact and lessons learned from the themed analysis propelled us to draft public health policy recommendations to direct evidence-informed guidance that strengthens comprehensive global responses, recovery for TB, and future airborne pandemic preparedness.
A comparative analysis of COVID-19 physical distancing policies in South Africa and Uganda
Authors: Mohammad Sana , Apatu Emma , Kapiriri Lydia , Alvarez Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

COVID-19 responses internationally have depended on physical distancing policies to manage virus transmission, given the initial absence of treatments and limitations on vaccine availability. Different jurisdictions have different contexts affecting their responses such as past epidemic experience, ratings of epidemic preparedness, and income level. COVID-19 responses in African countries have not been well-studied. A qualitative multiple embedded case study design was used to examine the COVID-19 policies in South Africa and Uganda from January 2020 to November 2021. This study included a documentary review using government websites and reports, news articles, and peer-reviewed journal articles to obtain data on policy responses and contextual factors. Epidemiological data were collected from public sources. Key informant interviews with relevant stakeholders were used to confirm findings and cover missing information. A comparative analysis was conducted to explore differences in implementation of different types of physical distancing policies and potential consequences of lifting or prolonging public health measures. South African and Ugandan policy responses included physical distancing measures such as lockdown, international travel bans, school closures, public transportation measures, and curfew, in addition to socioeconomic relief programs and vaccinations. Differences between jurisdiction policy responses existed in terms of overarching strategy, timing, and stringency. This study provided in-depth comparisons of COVID-19 policy responses and relevant contextual factors in South Africa and Uganda. The study showed how contextual factors such as population age, geographic distribution, and recent epidemic response experience can influence COVID-19 transmission and response. The study also showed differences in overall strategy, timing, and strictness of epidemic management policies in these jurisdictions. These findings suggest it may be important to have sustained, strict measures to limit the spread of COVID-19 and manage the course of a pandemic, which need to be further explored alongside other important social and economic pandemic outcomes.
Smart data analysis V2: A user-friendly software for non-statisticians
Authors: Chumnaul Jularat , Sepehrifar Mohammad
Published: July 2024

Data analysis can be accurate and reliable only if the underlying assumptions of the used statistical method are validated. Any violations of these assumptions can change the outcomes and conclusions of the analysis. In this study, we developed Smart Data Analysis V2 (SDA-V2), an interactive and user-friendly web application, to assist users with limited statistical knowledge in data analysis, and it can be freely accessed at https://jularatchumnaul.shinyapps.io/SDA-V2/. SDA-V2 automatically explores and visualizes data, examines the underlying assumptions associated with the parametric test, and selects an appropriate statistical method for the given data. Furthermore, SDA-V2 can assess the quality of research instruments and determine the minimum sample size required for a meaningful study. However, while SDA-V2 is a valuable tool for simplifying statistical analysis, it does not replace the need for a fundamental understanding of statistical principles. Researchers are encouraged to combine their expertise with the software’s capabilities to achieve the most accurate and credible results.
Changes of crystalline structure and physicochemical properties of Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii starch under water deficit
Authors: Gao Dan , Li Xin , Li Fengyu , Luo Rui , Liao Haimin , Man Jianmin
Published: July 2024

Crystal type is an important physicochemical property of starch. However, it is currently unclear whether changes in crystal type affect other properties of starch. This study discovered that water deficit resulted in an increase in small starch granules and transparency in Pueraria lobata var. thomsonii, while causing a decrease in amylose content and swelling power. Additionally, the crystal type of P. Thomsonii starch changed from CB-type to CA-type under water deficit, without significantly altering the short-range ordered structure and chain length distribution of starch. This transformation in crystal type led to peak splitting in the DSC heat flow curve of starch, alterations in gelatinization behavior, and an increase in resistant starch content. These changes in crystalline structure and physicochemical properties of starch granules are considered as adaptive strategies employed by P. Thomsonii to cope with water deficit.
Progressive alterations in mineral contents in citrus genotypes toward Alternaria citri causing brown spot of citrus
Authors: Iqbal Shahid , Atiq Muhammad , Sahi Shahbaz Talib , Akbar Nadeem , Rajput Nasir Ahmed
Published: July 2024

Brown spot of citrus caused by Alternaria citri is one of the emerging threats to the successful production of citrus crops. The present study, conducted with a substantial sample size of 50 leaf samples for statistical reliability, aimed to determine the change in mineral content in citrus leaves after brown spot disease attack. Leaf samples from a diverse range of susceptible citrus varieties (Valentia late, Washington navel, and Kinnow) and resistant varieties (Citron, Eruka lemon, and Mayer lemon) were analyzed. Significant variations (p ≤ 0.05) in mineral contents were observed across reaction groups (inoculated and un-inoculated), types (resistant and susceptible), and varieties of citrus in response to infection of Alternaria citri. The analysis of variance showed significant changes in mineral levels of citrus leaves, including nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), and copper (Cu). The results indicate that the concentration of N and P differed by 6.63% and 1.44%, respectively, in resistant plants, while susceptible plants showed a difference of 6.07% and 1.19%. Moreover, resistant plants showed a higher concentrations of K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Na, Fe, and Cu at 8.40, 2.1, 1.83, 2.21, 1.58, 2.89, and 0.36 ppm respectively, compared to susceptible plants which showed concentrations of 5.99, 1.93, 1.47, 1.09, 1.24, 1.81, and 0.31 ppm respectively. Amounts of mineral contents were reduced in both resistant as well as susceptible plants of citrus after inoculation. Amount of N (8.56), P (1.87) % while K (10.74), Ca (2.71), Mg (2.62), Zn (2.20), Na (2.08), Fe (3.57) and Cu (0.20) ppm were recorded in un-inoculated group of citrus plants that reduced to 3.15 and 0.76% and 3.66, 1.40, 0.63,0.42, 0.74, 1.13 and 0.13 ppm in inoculated group respectively. It was accomplished that susceptible varieties contained lower ionic contents than resistant varieties. The higher concentrations of ionic contents in resistant citrus varieties build up the biochemical and physiological processes of the citrus plant, which help to restrict spread of pathogens. Further research could explore the interplay between mineral nutrition and disease resistance in citrus, potentially leading to the development of new disease-resistant varieties.
Species-specific histological characterizations of renal tubules and collecting ducts in the kidneys of cats and dogs
Authors: Kira Shunnosuke , Namba Takashi , Hiraishi Masaya , Nakamura Teppei , Otani Yuki , Kon Yasuhiro , Ichii Osamu
Published: July 2024

The histomorphological features of normal kidneys in cats and dogs have been revealed despite the high susceptibility of cats to tubulointerstitial damage. Herein, the histological characteristics of the two species were compared. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) were abundant in the proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs) of cats aged 23–27 months but scarce in dogs aged 24–27 months. LDs were rarely observed in the distal tubules (DTs) and collecting ducts (CDs) of either species, as visualized by the expression of Tamm–Horsfall protein 1, calbindin-D28K, and aquaporin 2. The occupational area ratio of proximal tubules (PTs) in the renal cortex was higher, but that of DTs or CDs was significantly lower in adult cats than in dogs. Single PT epithelial cells were larger, but PCT, DT, and CD lumens were significantly narrower in adult cats than in dogs. Unlike adults, young cats at 6 months exhibited significantly abundant cytoplasmic LDs in proximal straight tubules, indicating lipid metabolism-related development. Histochemistry of the 21 lectins also revealed variations in glycosylation across different renal tubules and CDs in both species. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 was expressed only in PTs, excluding the proximal straight tubules with few LDs in adult cats or the PCTs of young cats and adult dogs. These findings are crucial for understanding species-specific characteristics of renal histomorphology and pathogenesis.
Lobbying for community radio in Britain
Authors: Scifo Salvatore
Published: July 2024

This article, within the context of the 40th anniversary of the founding of the Community Media Association (CMA) in 2023, and its role within the context of British radio history, will draw on grey literature from the CMA digital archives, including policy statements, policy briefings and background material for the lobbying actions during the period 1997–2007. First-hand material to be discussed will draw on interviews with key actors involved in policy-making until the introduction of Community Radio into legislation, as well as on press releases, statements and policy documents of the regulators Radio Authority and the Office of Communications, policy statements and documents published by the Department of Culture, Media and Sport, statements from the BBC and commercial radio representatives and parliamentary records of the debates on community radio legislation. The analysis and discussion of this material will help to establish the role of the main players in policy-making and regulation and how events unfolded between the outcome of 2 May 1997 general election, when the Labour Party took power, and 20 July 2004, when the Community Radio Order (CRO) was approved. It will also trace the development of the lobbying action of the CMA, the discussions and the tensions preceding the government’s approval to go ahead with a new sector. It will argue that, despite having the merit of introducing a new sector in licensed radio broadcasting, after three decades of community media activists campaigning, the Labour Party fell short on its promises of funding the sector in its initial phase, denying it a solid and sustainable start.
ACG Clinical Guideline: Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Frenette Catherine , Mendiratta-Lala Mishal , Salgia Reena , Wong Robert J. , Sauer Bryan G. , Pillai Anjana
Published: July 2024

Focal liver lesions (FLLs) have become an increasingly common finding on abdominal imaging, especially asymptomatic and incidental liver lesions. Gastroenterologists and hepatologists often see these patients in consultation and make recommendations for management of multiple types of liver lesions, including hepatocellular adenoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, hemangioma, and hepatic cystic lesions including polycystic liver disease. Malignancy is important to consider in the differential diagnosis of FLLs, and healthcare providers must be familiar with the diagnosis and management of FLLs. This American College of Gastroenterology practice guideline uses the best evidence available to make diagnosis and management recommendations for the most common FLLs.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: July 2024
Authors: Lanspa Stephen
Published: July 2024

Article Title: Central Neuromodulators in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Why, How, and When
A practical way to apply a technique that accelerates time history analysis of structures under digitised excitations
Authors: Soroushian Aram
Published: July 2024

Time history analysis using direct time integration is a versatile and widely accepted tool for analysing the dynamic behaviour of structures. In 2008, a technique was proposed to accelerate the time history analysis of structural systems subjected to digitised excitations. Recently, this technique has been named as the SEB THAAT* (Step-Enlargement-Based Time-History-Analysis-Acceleration-Technique), and the determination of appropriate values for its parameter is introduced as the main challenge. To overcome this challenge, a procedure is proposed in this paper. The basis of the procedure is the comments on accuracy control in structural dynamics and numerical analysis of ordinary differential equations, legalised in the New Zealand Seismic Code, NZS 1170.5:2004. As the main achievement, by using the proposed procedure, we can apply the SEB THAAT and carry out the time history analysis clearly and with less parameter setting compared to the ordinary time history analysis. The proposed procedure is always applicable and, except when the behaviour is very complex, oscillatory and non-linear, the reductions in analysis run-time are considerable while the changes in accuracy are negligible. The performance can be sensitive to the problem, the integration method, the target response, and the severity of the non-linear behaviour. Compared to the previous tests on the SEB THAAT, the efficiency of applying the SEB THAAT using the proposed procedure is better, the sensitivity of the performance to the problem is lower, and a measure of accuracy is available. Compared to other techniques for accelerating structural dynamic analyses, the use of the SEB THAAT according to the proposed procedure has several positive points, including the simplicity of implementation.
Caminhar na cidade, percorrer o livro
Authors: Monroy Ortiz Lisbeth Juliana
Published: July 2024

Através de fotografias, fotomontagens, videoinstalações e livros de artista, Letícia Lampert coloca em destaque a cidade e sua arquitetura como pontos de partida para refletir sobre os espaços e as formas em que eles são experimentados na contemporaneidade. Neste trabalho, exploro a cidade e o livro de artista como eixos de reflexão sobre o espaço como constituinte na produção da subjetividade na obra de Lampert. Isto, com o intuito de observar como a artista produz operações de transformação perceptual que dotam os lugares mudos da cidade e da página de significado, abrindo, assim, as fendas através das quais os sujeitos habitantes das urbes superpovoadas do capitalismo (periférico ou não) podem reconfigurar suas experiências de espacialização e, com isso, de subjetivação.
Entrevista com Yuko Mohri
Authors: Sampaio ferraz Tatiana , Cerchiaro Marina Mazze
Published: July 2024

A entrevista com Yuko Mohri resultou do encontro virtual entre a artista e o grupo de pesquisa "O Espaço Delas" (Artes Visuais - UFU), coordenado pela profa. Tatiana S. Ferraz, no dia 6 de outubro de 2021. O encontro foi promovido pela curadora da Japan House São Paulo, Natasha Barzaghi Geenen, por ocasião da exposição individual de Yuko na JHSP em 2021, e de sua participação na 34ª Bienal de São Paulo no mesmo ano. A artista vem trabalhando no campo da instalação e da escultura há mais de duas décadas; suas obras exploram a natureza de fenômenos que estão em constantes mudanças devido a diversas condições, especialmente àquelas ligadas ao ambiente. Mohri também atua como professora no Programa de Prática Artística Global da Pós-Graduação em Artes Visuais da Universidade de Tóquio. O encontro foi uma grande oportunidade de conhecer os processos de criação da artista, suas ideias sobre arte contemporânea, escultura e ensino de arte, e alimentou a troca de experiências entre produtoras mulheres dos dois países, especialmente aquelas que atuam no campo ampliado da escultura e na docência universitária.
Etnografía e intervención: posiciones, colabor y horizontes de extensión en una investigación con jóvenes en y fuera de una escuela
Authors: Marioni Lucía
Published: July 2024

Reflexiono sobre la oportunidad que una investigación etnográfica significó para el desarrollo de una serie de prácticas de intervención y sobre sus posibles vínculos con la extensión. Busco responder —deforma situada— cómo se procesan sus lógicas y horizontes diferentes y cómo la primera puede significar un aporte a la segunda. Parto del análisis de registros de dos trabajos de  campo con jóvenes de la periferia de Paraná en el marco de planes detrabajo como investigadora del Instituto de Estudios Sociales de la Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos y del Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas y revisito un recorrido como  extensionista en el Área de Comunicación Comunitaria dela Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de dicha Universidad. Propongo la perspectiva etnográfica como oportunidad y escenariopara una práctica de intervención que, realizada por una trabajadora del sistema científico–universitario,  puede ingresar al ámbito de la extensión.
Caminhografia urbana: experimentando a cidade de maneira criativa e imersiva
Authors: Rocha Eduardo , Beltrame Dos Santos Taís , Pedreira Del Fiol Paula
Published: July 2024

Caminhografia é o ato de caminhar e cartografar concomitantemente. Uma prática que vem sendo desenvolvida pelo grupo de pesquisa, ensino e extensão, Cidade+Contemporanidade que vive ao sul do Brasil, na cidade de Pelotas. O artigo apresenta a metodologia da caminhografia sendo exercitada no exercício de uma tarde que recorre parte as microrregiões Colina do Sol y Treptow, em Pelotas, onde amplia-se o olhar a partir do encontro, do jogo e da escrita coletiva. Evidenciam-se as potências da caminhografia, principalmente no sentido pedagógico de experimentar a cidade e suas múltiplas camadas.
Evaluation and Antibacterial Activity Test of Peel-off Mask Preparation from Combination of Pegagan Leaves (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) and Charcoal Powder
Authors: Utari Fadhilla Dwi , Hilaliyati Najmi , Afriani Tika
Published: July 2024

Pegagan leaf (Centella asiatica (L) Urb.) is a plant that contains flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and saponins that function as antibacterials. Pegagan leaf is combined with activated charcoal powder, which has the job of absorbing facial oil, so that it is formulated in the form of a peel off mask to produce a synergistic effect. This study aims to formulate, evaluate, and test the antibacterial effectiveness of the peel-off mask preparation of pegagan leaf extract at concentrations of 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5%. This study uses an experimental method by testing the parameters of the physical evaluation requirements and testing antibacterial activity with the disc method on the peel off mask preparation. The results were evaluated for 28 days, and the results of the organoleptic test were stable, homogeneity stable, pH (5.6–6.2), dry time (16–25 minutes), dispersion (6.1-6.4 cm), and irritation (2 respondents). The effectiveness test against the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes has inhibitory power of 12.3 mm in the strong category. So, it can be concluded that the peel off mask produced has stable physical characteristics and can be used as an antibacterial mask.
The Diversity of Understory (Shrubs and Herbs) in the Kalikuning Area
Authors: Supriyati Hikmah , Ariyanti Nur Aeni
Published: July 2024

Kalikuning is one of the areas that has a diversity of flora. Kalikuning's fertile land helps a variety of plants flourish there. Since there are no people living here, a wide variety of unidentified and underexplored plants can be known. Therefore, more research on the plant diversity is required. The research aims to invent, document, and find out the diversity of the understory (shrubs and herbs) in Kalikuning. This research used survey and exploration methods. The researchers documented shrub and herb species. Based on the results, 28 families consist of 65 species of shrubs and herbs. Those species are flora that have specific characteristics.
Antibacterial Bioactivity Test of Bilimbi Fruit Ethanol Extract (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). Against Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Anindita Reza , Nathalia Dede Dwi , Perwitasari Melania , Putri Intan Kurnia , Beandrade Maya Uzia , Harahap Nofria Rizki Amalia
Published: July 2024

One of the causes of acnes is the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An alternative solution to this problem is to develop natural medicines from plants, one of which is the star fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi Linn). The purpose of this study was to test the bioactivity of star fruit against the growth of P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus. This research method used an experimental research design with the treatment of A. bilimbi fruit ethanol extract concentrations of 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%, chloramphenicol antibiotics as control (+), and sterile distilled water as control (-). All treatments were given to P. acnes, S. epidermidis, and S. aureus bacteria using the Kirby Baeur (disc diffusion) method. The results of this study were the effectiveness of the bioactivity compound of the ethanolic extract of A. bilimbi fruit seen on P. acnes and S. epidermidis bacteria with concentrations of 70%, 80%, and 90%. Thus, it can be concluded that A. bilimbi fruit has the potential to be developed as a natural medicine for acne caused by P. acnes and S. epidermidis.
The Protective Effect of Kentut Leaf Extract (Paederia foetida L.) on Gastric Histopathology in Escherichia coli-Infected Sepsis Mice Model
Authors: Savitri Lisa , Kasimo Elfred Rinaldo
Published: July 2024

Sepsis, a severe medical condition, signifies the systemic immune response to infection, often leading to organ dysfunction and mortality. Escherichia coli is a significant contributor to sepsis cases, particularly in gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed to investigate the histopathological changes in the gastric tissue of mice induced by Escherichia coli infection and evaluate the protective effects of kentut leaf extract (Paederia foetida L.). Histopathological analysis revealed distinct alterations in the gastric tissue among different treatment groups. While normal mouse treatment showed no significant changes, negative control (K-) and positive control (K+) groups exhibited inflammation and hyperemia of the gastric mucosa, characterized by necrosis, degeneration, and inflammatory cell infiltration. Treatment with kentut leaf extract (P1, P2, and P3) resulted in milder inflammation compared to controls, indicating a protective effect against gastric mucosal damage induced by Escherichia coli infection. This protective mechanism is attributed to the anti-inflammatory properties of saponins, flavonoids, and essential oils present in kentut leaf extract. These findings underscore the potential therapeutic benefits of kentut leaf extract in mitigating gastric mucosal injury associated with bacterial infection.
The Study of Biosurfactant Stability and The Effect on Lipase Activity
Authors: Alvionita Mieke , Hertadi Rukman , Fazli Rahmat Rizki , Dewi Andi Alfira Ratna Faradisa , Rose Tasyang Oktavia
Published: July 2024

Lipase is one of hydrolase enzyme that catalyzed hydrolysis reaction of triacylglycerols into free fatty acids and monoglycerides or glycerol. These biocatalysts are widely used in several industries, namely food and pharmaceutical industry. The activity of lipase can increase significantly if the substrate forms an emulsion. Since biosurfactant has been known to have emulsification characteristic, the effect of biosurfactant addition into lipase is necessary to be investigated. It is the first report that evaluate the effect of microbial surfactant on lipase activity. The purpose of this research is to analyze the stability of biosurfactant emulsion under various conditions, such as salinity and pH as well as their potential to enhance lipase activity. Biosurfactant used was Halomonas elongata BK-AG18 from the collection of Biochemistry Research Group ITB, Bandung, Indonesia. It was found that after the addition of NaCl, there was no significant decrease in the emulsification activity of the biosurfactant. The emulsification index (IE24) of biosurfactant with several NaCl concentrations (2, 5, 10, 15, 20, and 25%) was obtained around 50%. Stability test of biosurfactant at pH range 4-10 showed the highest IE24 of biosurfactant was obtained at pH 6. The effect of biosurfactants on lipase hydrolysis activity is also discussed in this article. Lipase hydrolysis activity was tested using p-nitrophenyl palmitate substrate. The highest lipase activity was obtained after the addition of 70% biosurfactant (v/v) at 0.026 units. This study shows that biosurfactant from H. elongata BK-AG18 has the potential to increase lipase activity.
Antibacterial Potential of Freshener Water Based on Siwalan Coir Extract (Borassus flabellifer) and Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Against Airborne Bacteria
Authors: Andayani Hana Dwi , Yoviska Salma Auliya , Syaffa Widyastuti Asy , Iqlima Putri Amifalahiya , Sriwulan Sriwulan
Published: July 2024

Air is an important part of life. The Quality of air can be seen from three parameters, namely chemical, physical, and biological parameters. One of the biological parameters of air quality can be seen from the presence of microorganisms such as bacteria. The presence of airborne microorganisms, especially in enclosed spaces can affect human health, one of which can cause respiratory infections. On the other hand, people often use air freshener products. Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of analyzing the potential of air freshener based on siwalan (Borasus flabellifer) coir extract and lemongrass as antibacterial against airborne bacteria. This research is an experimental research with a pre test-post test design. The data obtained is in the form of the value of the Total Plate Count of indoor air bacteria before and after treatment using air freshener based on coir extract of siwalan and lemongrass. The results showed that both formulations (P1 and P2) of air freshener based on coir extract and lemongrass were able to reduce the number of airborne bacterial colonies in the room, with a significance value of 0.000<0.05.
Application of Student-Centered Learning Model in Guidance and Counseling Course for Students
Authors: Purnika Sari Nia Juwita , Dwi Ratnasari  , Sri Purnami
Published: July 2024

Among the student-centered approaches, there is one that stands out: student-centered learning (SCL). This model emphasizes students' ability to learn and make decisions. This research uses a qualitative approach with a case study method; examining how the student-centered learning paradigm is applied in the field of guidance and counseling is the main objective of this research. The informants in this study were field study students in the Islamic Education Program at UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta during the period October–November 2023. The students involved were all registered in the guidance and counseling course. Data collection techniques include observation and interviews. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the application of the student-centered learning model in guidance and counseling classes B and C in the odd semester of 2023 proved effective in increasing student activeness. The increase in student activity can be seen in the increase in critical thinking skills, communication skills, and skills in solving problems. In addition, the lecturer acts as a facilitator of learning practices and is responsible for overseeing the entire learning process.
 
Abstrak
Diantara pendekatan yang berpusat pada siswa, ada satu yang menonjol: Pembelajaran Berpusat pada Siswa (SCL). Model ini menekankan pada kemampuan siswa dalam pembelajaran dan pengambilan keputusan terkait pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus, mengkaji bagaimana paradigma pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa diterapkan dalam bidang bimbingan dan konseling menjadi tujuan utama penelitian ini. Informan dalam penelitian ini merupakan mahasiswa studi lapangan di Program Pendidikan Agama Islam UIN Sunan Kalijaga Yogyakarta selama periode Oktober–NNovember 2023. Mahasiswa yang terlibat semuanya terdaftar pada mata kuliah Bimbingan dan Konseling. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa penerapan model Student-Centered Learning pada kelas Bimbingan dan Konseling B dan C pada semester ganjil tahun 2023 terbukti efektif dalam meningkatkan keaktifan mahasiswa. Peningkatan aktivitas mahasiswa dapat dilihat dari meningkatnya keterampilan berpikir kritis, keterampilan berkomunikasi, dan keterampilan dalam memecahkan masalah. Disamping itu, dosen berperan sebagai fasilitator praktik pembelajaran yang bertanggung jawab mengawasi seluruh rangkaian pembelajaran.
Access to Education under U.S. Law and Some Recommendations for Vietnam
Authors: TRIN Duy Thuyen , NGUYEN Truong Thanh Hai , MAI Pham Bao Tran
Published: July 2024

Purpose: The right to education is a fundamental right for all members of society, serving as a cornerstone for promoting population growth and facilitating equal educational opportunities without discrimination. Vietnam, a nation committed to fulfilling its international obligations, including ensuring access to education as a fundamental constitutional right, is not without its challenges. These challenges, ranging from inadequate infrastructure to social and economic disparities, present opportunities for growth and improvement. This article examines the legal framework and implementation of education access laws in the United States, with the aim of identifying strategies that can be selectively adopted to enhance Vietnam's education system. By doing so, Vietnam can create a supportive legal environment for innovation in education and training, paving the way for a brighter future.
Methodology: The study involves a comparative analysis of the education systems in Vietnam and the United States, focusing on the legal provisions and practical implementations that facilitate access to education.
Findings: The analysis reveals that, despite Vietnam's commitment to ensuring education as a fundamental constitutional right, the country faces challenges such as inadequate infrastructure and social and economic disparities. These challenges present opportunities for improvement through the adoption of best practices from the U.S. education system.
Originality: This research provides a unique perspective by highlighting the potential for Vietnam to enhance its education system through the selective adoption of strategies from the U.S. legal and educational framework. This approach aims to create a supportive legal environment for innovation in education and training, contributing to a brighter future for Vietnam.
Innovations in Teaching Strategic Management
Authors: PILLANIA Rajesh K.
Published: July 2024

Strategy is a very important but complex discipline. Innovation is necessary for effective teaching of strategy and strategy management. Innovations in teaching strategy and strategic management must focus on four important areas: the teaching goal, the teaching approach, the teaching content, and the learning outcomes. Continuous innovation in teaching strategy and strategic management is necessary to add value to the participants and, through them, to the organizations they work for. When participants and the organizations for which they work realize value by learning strategy and strategic management, it will help achieve the purpose of strategy and strategic management, which is to add value and make an impact. This paper has implications for the practice of strategy and strategic management in industry and academia. The work has limitations as it is based on the experiences of one academic, but that creates the scope for future research. More researchers, practitioners, and academicians can conduct more experiments to establish the suggested innovations further.
Documentary survey on the life and mural painting works of Brazilian artist Gilda Neuberger (1911-2011)
Authors: Wanzeller Martins Glauzia , Gomes Natália , Ferreira Teresa , Gil Casal Milene
Published: July 2024

Gilda Gelmini Neuberger (1911-2011), with a career spanning more than 60 years, was one of the rare artists to produce frescoes in Brazil during the 20th century. She was probably also the only Brazilian artist to experiment this technique on unconventional supports, as well as false frescoes with a still ambiguous meaning for the artistic community. In Brazil, the artist was a pupil of Cândido Portinari and Edson Motta and, in Italy, of Bruno Saetti. This article is based on research of primary and secondary sources, including oral testimonies from people who lived with Gilda Neuberger or knew her work. The aim is to reveal her artistic career and evaluate the potential influences of her peers in her work. The article also details the execution process and highlights the originality of her frescoes in various media, which will be analytically investigated in the future.
Postulat posiłkowego stosowania zasad prawa karnego a odpowiedzialność z tytułu administracyjnych kar pieniężnych
Authors: Biszczanik Małgorzata
Published: July 2024

The article focuses on the problem of liability for administrative fines, taking into account elements of a subjectivising nature of administrative liability to demonstrate the possibility of subsidiary application of criminal law provisions by public administration bodies. Through the analysis of the case law of the Supreme Administrative Court, selected Regional Administrative Courts, the Constitutional Tribunal, as well as the European Court of Human Rights, it is shown that the problem of measuring and imposing administrative fines on the basis of the provisions of substantive administrative law and Section IVa of the Code of Administrative Procedure requires a much broader analysis than any conducted thus far. Due to the legislator’s failure to guarantee the correct scope of legal protection that would include demonstrating the circumstances that are also of a subjective nature, obliged entities have been deprived of numerous legal guarantees provided not only in Article 42(2) of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland but also in Article 6 of the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms (ECHR). The analysis of the nature of administrative fines proves that the current regulations of Section IVa of the Code of Administrative Procedure require significant reform, in particular, to guarantee the absence of arbitrary imposition and execution of administrative sanctionsby public administration bodies. Verifying the judgments from the point of view of taking into account the subsidiary application of the provisions of criminal law has made it possible to present a discussion on the nature of administrative liability, which is first and foremost of significance in terms of implementing the obligations of the State Party to the ECHR within the framework of taking into account subjective circumstances, but also in terms of the application of the ne bis in idem principle in the situation of concurrence of criminal and administrative liability. With this in mind, a de lege ferenda postulate is to amend the provisions of Section IVa of the Code of Administrative Procedure by including in its scope additional legal guarantees of obliged entities while taking into account the principle of legalism in its broadest sense.
“Here, We Investigate If There Is …”: A Functional Investigation of Self-Mentions in Research Article Abstracts
Authors: Akbaş Erdem , Dağdeviren-Kirmizi Gülin , Kirmizi Özkan
Published: July 2024

The present study explored authorial presence in the abstracts across three purpose-built discipline-specific corpora of RAs in major but relatively less represented disciplines in corpus studies: Civil Engineering (CE), Political Sciences (PS) and Veterinary Medicine (VM). In particular, due to less attention having been paid to these fields, we examined explicit authorial references with a functional perspective in a corpus of abstracts totaling over one million words. To this end, we first conducted a preliminary search for explicit third-person plural author references in the corpora and manually analysed a total of over 6,000 instances to check if they were all markers signaling an authorial presence in the text. Following this, the second manual analyses concentrated on categorizing the rhetorical functions of self-mentions based on Xia’s (2018) framework. The preliminary findings showed that the frequency of “we”-based authorial references in PS outweighed that in the other disciplines (PS: 722.13; CE: 636.81; VM: 481.30 per 100,000 words). Regarding the density of authorial references, we found that each discipline favored being more visible with divergent authorial roles in their abstracts. For example, PS were more rhetorically present in their abstracts by “proposing a theory or approach” whereas CE and VM authors used fewer self-mentions to mark their presence frequently with this rhetorical device. With respect to the functional analyses of the self-mentions of “we”, all three disciplines displayed more low-stakes functions such as “recount experimental procedure and methodology”. We focused on the significance of cross-disciplinary and functional analysis in the study in order to contribute to designing activities in EAP for each discipline.
Metadiscourse in MOOC Video Lectures: Comparison with University Lectures and Disciplinary Variation
Authors: Yu Xiaoli
Published: July 2024

Based on Hyland’s (2018) interpersonal model of metadiscourse, this study explores MOOC video lecturers’ use of metadiscourse and compares it to traditional university lecturers’. Disciplinary variation in metadiscourse in the MOOC video lectures has also been investigated. The MOOC corpus consists of sixteen MOOCs across three disciplinary areas, including Arts and Humanities, Engineering and Physical Sciences, and Social Sciences. The results suggest that despite slight differences, the most frequently appearing metadiscourse in the MOOC corpus resembles the patterns found in university lectures, which reveals the remarkable similarities in using metadiscourse between MOOCs and traditional face-to-face lectures. However, different instructional contexts and teacher-student relationships indeed contribute to the variance in the employment of metadiscourse. Overall, MOOC video lecturers employed more interactive metadiscourse but less interactional metadiscourse than university lecturers. Cross-disciplinarily, the use of metadiscourse in MOOC video lectures is considerably influenced by disciplinary features. MOOCs containing more discipline-specific content and requiring intensive cognitive effort tend to use more interactive metadiscourse and engagement markers; while for MOOCs that may include more perspectives than basic facts, boosters and attitude markers seem to be employed more frequently. Possible reasons and purposes of the differentiated use of metadiscourse across disciplines are discussed in detail.