bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Evaluation of Nanorods Assembling Based on Dielectrophoresis
Authors: Yuan Heng , Kim Kyu Jin , Yeom Se Hyuk , Kang Byoung Ho , Wang Bo , Kwon Dae Hyuk , Kang Shin Won
Published: August 2011

In this study, for assembling the nanorods which are synthesized by electrochemical deposition (ECD) method, computer simulation tool (AnsysTM) was used basis of dielectrophoresis (DEP) principle. Following the simulation results, the nanorods assembly device was designed and fabricated using semiconductor technology. Furthermore, an electric field was applied on the assembly electrode with AC bias and DC bias hybrid. The nanorods assembling experiments were carried out as the frequency of the electric field changed. The assembly results were confirmed using optical microscope.
The Design and Implementation of a Gesture-Driven System for Intelligent Wheelchairs Based on the Orientation Histogram Method
Authors: Luo Yuan , Xie Yu
Published: August 2011

An approach of hand gesture recognition, setting the orientation histogram of the picture as the characteristic vector of hand gesture, is discussed in this paper. It can decrease the influence of light changes during the process of recognition effectively. A gesture-Driven system for intelligent wheelchairs is also introduced in the paper. Experimental results show that the method is robust and accurate.
Effect of the Heat Treatment Process on Machinability of TC4 Alloy
Authors: Pang Li Jun , Yu Tan Ji , Cao Zong Ling
Published: August 2011

The orthogonal design approach is adopted to perform the cutting force experiment. It is based on the three typical metallographic phases of TC4 titanium alloy. The multiple-variable linear regression equations of the cutting force are built in term of the main technical parameters using the MINITAB software. Regression analysis is done, and an accurate empirical formula of TC4 cutting force is established. It is also optimized the cutting process parameters. The heat treatment’s technical laws of cutting force of TC4 titanium alloy are further undertaken, which provide a theoretical basis for improving cutting performance and optimizing turning parameter.
Soil Inorganic Phosphorus Fractions as Affected by Fertilization
Authors: Huang Bao Tong , Zhou Hua , Ding Huai Xiang
Published: August 2011

A fifteen-year field trial (started in 1990) was conducted to determine the inorganic P fractions under 8 classical modes of fertilization in the lower reach of Liaohe River Plain. The results showed that Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P and Fe-P decreased in the absence of P application, while increased with supplemental P addition. Interestingly, O-P and Ca10-P, with low bioavailability, increased at different levels under all treatments after 15 years. The contents of inorganic P were low in crop stalk, indicating that P supplying capacity was weak. On the contrary, both fresh pig excretion and decomposed manure were huge inorganic P pools.
Study on Mechanical Model of Borehole Confining Pressure of Dual-Porosity Considering Seepage
Authors: Lan Zhong Xiao
Published: August 2011

Accurately describing wellbore sur-rounding rock mechanics state plays an important role in the research on sidewall stability. Considering the failure behavior of the wellbore rock mass, we divide the rock area to failure zone, damage zone and elastic range. We establish dual porosity with fracture wellbore rock stress calculation model according to failure theory. We calculate an production well ambient stress in a given block, the result of which coincides with actual result measured in field.
Preparation of Nano-TiO2 Modified by Ionic Liquid and its Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Kou Cheng Guang , Hao Ying Juan , Liu Rui Hong , Li Fa Tang
Published: August 2011

Nano-TiO2 modified by ionic liquid was prepared by sol-gel method with Ti(OC4H9)4 as titanium source. The chemical structure of the nanopartical was characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV-Vis DRS). The results indicated that the modified TiO2 was almost entirely small nanocrystal and multihole and had high crystallinity. Radius of the modified particals had some degeree of reduction than that of the pure TiO2. The optical absorptivity of modified TiO2 is stronger than that of unmodified TiO2. The photocatalytic degradation activity of methylene blue with the prepared TiO2 was investigated. The degradation rate could reach more than 88%.
Design of Mechanical Vibration Test System Based on Virtual Instrument Technology
Authors: Zhao Hua
Published: August 2011

With piezoelectric acceleration sensor, charge voltage filter amplifier, data acquisition card, PC and vibration experiment table for hardware development platform, and LABVIEW for software development platform, virtual instrument technology was applied to the design of mechanical vibration test system. This test system mainly consists of data acquisition, time domain analysis, amplitude domain analysis, frequency domain analysis, time-frequency analysis module. Experimental results indicate: The system not only can perform real-time data acquisition of multiple channels signal, waveform display, data storage, signal analysis, playback measurement and output printing etc, but also has good expansibility, high speed, high accuracy and friendly interface. It is suitable for engineering personnel and laboratory use.
A Numerical Simulation of Diffusion Experiment in Clay
Authors: Yang Qing Chun
Published: August 2011

Safety assessment of nuclear waste disposal in a deep geological repository requires understanding and quantifying radionuclide transport through the hosting geological formation. Determining diffusion parameters under real conditions is necessary for the performance assessment of a deep geological repository where high level wastes are placed for safety disposal. The in situ diffusion and retention (DR) experiments are designed to study the transport and retention properties of the Opalinus clay formation. In this paper, a scoping numerical simulation is performed in Opalinus Clay, The simulated results for all the traces illustrate that the maximum transport distance perpendicular to the bedding is larger in the isotropic case and those along the bedding is larger in the anisotropic case. Tracer depletion in the isotropic case is a little larger than in the anisotropic case. Deuterium and iodide can be detected in the other interval but strontium can’t. Since the length of injection interval is shorter than the transport distance, the anisotropy effect is clearly measurable. This numerical simulation of diffusion experiment aims at contributing to the optimum design of the experiment. The results of this experiment will provide additional insight into the role of diffusion anisotropy and sorption parameters for radionuclides in clays.
Synthesis, Infrared Spectrum and Luminescent Characterization of Zn (II) Complex Materials
Authors: Wang Li Hua
Published: August 2011

A mononuclear Zn (II) complex material, Zn[C36H26N2O3]·2H2O, has been synthesized at room temperature using 4, 4'-diaminodiphenyl ether, 1-acetyl-2-naphthol and zinc acetate dehydrate as raw materials. The material was characterized by infrared spectrum and elemental analysis. The luminescent properties of Zn (II) complex material were studied. The results show that the Zn (II) complex material emits light blue-green fluorescence in solid, and emits purple fluorescence in CH3OH, in CH3CH2OH and in DMSO solution, respectively.
A Research on Rating System of Green Construction
Authors: Li Xing , Luo Fu Zhou
Published: August 2011

Now no complete and authorized rating system of green construction has ever been issued in China, which has made it impossible to promote the ideal of green construction in the country. Therefore, establishing a rating system in this field has become urgent. To tries to establish a framework for rating green construction through three folds, including environmental impact during the construction process, energy efficiency and on-site comprehensive management. As green building, a complex product constituting a multitude of goals and factors, features Grey System, to proposes using grey clustering model to certify building projects so as to better achieve the goals of greener construction.
Influence of Density-Dependent Migration on Two Competitive Populations between Patches in Manufacturing Engineering
Authors: Ye Zhi Qiang , Zhang Xu
Published: August 2011

A mathematical model of two competitive populations with migrations between two patches in manufacturing engineering is proposed. It is assumed that migration rates of the two populations are not constants but density-dependent which are led mainly by the pressure from interspecific competition. Conditions for the persistence of the system are obtained which shows that appropriate migration rates facilitate the two competitive populations to cooperate well such that both the populations are persistent in every patch. The results are confirmed by computer simulations. It is also found that the positive equilibrium which is globally stable changes into bitable equilibrium as the parameters vary.
Dynamic Simulation of Harmonic Drives Based on FEM
Authors: Dong Hui Min , Zhu Zheng Du , Lu Yao
Published: August 2011

Load distribution of the flexspline under alternating dynamic loads is complicated, and it’s difficult to measure the stress of the flexspline by experiment. To study the intensity of the flexspline, operating process of a harmonic drive is simulated based on the contact theory and the explicit algorithm of the finite element method. The parameterized finite element grid of the whole harmonic drive model is realized by Matlab, and then the assembly process of the vave generator is simulated by ABAQUS. Meanwhile, the distribution of the flexspline stress and the load characteristics of the flexspline tooth during dynamic transmission process of a harmonic drive are analyzed. The fatigue fracture position on the flexspline is forecasted according to the simulation results at last.
IR Studies on VON, CIOI and CICS Defects in Ge-Doped Cz-Si
Authors: Londos Charalamos A. , Sgourou Efstratia N. , Andrianakis A. , Misiuk Andrzej , Emtsev Valentin V. , Ohyama H.
Published: August 2011

This paper reports experimental results on the production and annealing of oxygen-vacancy related (VOn, 1<n<5) and carbon-related (CiOi, CiOiI, and CiCs) defects in Ge-doped Czochralski-grown silicon (Cz-Si) materials containing carbon. The samples were irradiated by 2 MeV fast electrons and the behavior of radiation-produced defects is studied by means of infrared (IR) spectroscopy, monitoring the relevant bands in spectra. Regarding the VOnfamily, it was found that the presence of Ge affects the annealing temperature of VO defects as well as their fraction that is converted to VO2defects. Both effects are discussed in relation with an impact of Ge on the concentration of self-interstitials that take part in the annealing of VO defects via two reaction paths VO + I → Oiand VO + Oi→ VO2. Furthermore, two bands at 1037 and 1051 cm-1are attributed to the VO5defect, although three other bands at 762, 967 and 1005 cm-1are believed to be associated with VnOmclusters containing carbon, most likely having a VOnCsstructure. Regarding carbon-related complexes, it has been established that the annealing of the 862 cm-1band belonging to the CiOidefect is accompanied by the emergence of the 1048 cm-1band previously assigned to the CsO2icenter. The evolution of the CiCsand the CiOiI bands is monitored and the identification of bands at 947, 967 and 1020 cm-1making their appearance in IR spectra over the temperature range where CiCsand CiOiI defects are annealed out is discussed.
Spectroscopic Studies of Iron and Chromium in Germanium
Authors: Gurimskaya Yana , Mathiot Daniel , Mesli Abdelmadjid
Published: August 2011

We report on the electronic properties of Fe and Cr in n-type germanium using conventional and Laplace DLTS techniques, which in the case of Schottky barriers, are restricted to levels located in the upper half of the band gap. In this work we present extensive DLTS and Laplace DLTS results, re-examining various basic properties of Fe and Cr in n-type Ge samples. In addition our analysis bring new insights into the microscopic behavior of these two chemical species such as their interactions with hydrogen present as an unwanted contaminant, giving rise to the generation of other related levels in the band gap.
Investigation of Germanium Implanted with Hydrogen for Layer Transfer Applications
Authors: Perova Tatiana S. , Armstrong B.M. , Wasyluk Joanna , Baine P. , Rainey Paul , Mitchell S.J.N. , McNeill D.W. , Gamble H.S. , Hurley R.
Published: August 2011

The technology for thin Ge layer transfer by hydrogen ion-cut process is characterised in this work. Experiments were carried out to determine suitable hydrogen ion implantation doses in germanium for the low temperature ion cut process by examining the formation of blisters on implanted samples. Raman and Spreading Resistance Profiling (SRP) have been used to analyse defects in germanium caused by hydrogen implants. Bevelling has been used to facilitate probing beyond the laser penetration depth. Results of Raman mapping along the projection area reveal that after post implant annealing at 400 °C, some crystal damage remains, while at 600 °C, the crystal damage has been repaired. SRP shows that some amount of hydrogen acceptor states (~1Î1016 acceptors/cm2) remain after 600 °C. These are thought to be vacancy-related point defect clusters.
Impact of Hydrostatic Pressure Applied at Annealing on Homogeneity of Si-Ge Single Crystals
Authors: Misiuk Andrzej , Bak-Misiuk Jadwiga , Surma Barbara , Wierzchowski Wojciech , Wieteska Krzysztof , Londos Charalampos A. , Abrosimov Nikolai V. , Kucytowski Jacek
Published: August 2011

Creation and transformation of defects in single crystalline (001) oriented Si-Ge with about 5.6 at. % Ge content, containing oxygen interstitials, Oi’s, at 9x1017cm-3 level, were investigated, after processing for 5 h at up to 1400 K (HT) under Ar pressure to 1.1 GPa (HP), by X-ray, synchrotron, infrared and photoluminescence methods. To create nucleation centres for Oi’s precipitation, some samples were pre-annealed for 10 h at 1000 K under 105 Pa. HT-HP treatment at 1230/1400 K results in improved sample homogeneity and crystallographic perfection. HT-HP induced changes in Si-Ge are related mainly to HP-stimulated diffusivity of Ge.
In Situ Observation of the Oxygen Nucleation in Silicon with X-Ray Single Crystal Diffraction
Authors: Will Johannes , Gröschel Alexander , Bergmann Christoph , Magerl Andreas
Published: August 2011

The measurement of Pendellösungs oscillations was used to observe the time dependent nucleation of oxygen in a Czochralski grown single crystal at 750°C. It is shown, that the theoretical approach of the statistical dynamical theory describes the data well. Within the framework of this theory it is possible to determine the static Debye-Waller-factor as a function of the annealing time by evaluating the mean value of the Bragg intensity and the period length. The temperature influence on the Pendellösungs distance was corrected for by measurement of a Float-zone sample at the same temperature.
Tailoring the Electrical Properties of Undoped GaP
Authors: Kaminski Pawel , Kozlowski Roman , Strzelecka Stanislawa , Hruban Andrzej , Jurkiewicz-Wegner Elzbieta , Piersa Miroslaw , Pawlowski Michal , Suproniuk Marek
Published: August 2011

The charge compensation in undoped GaP single crystals is investigated by modeling the Fermi level position for various concentrations of shallow and deep donors and acceptors. The model is based on the numerical solution of the charge neutrality equation and allows for calculating the Fermi energy in the temperature range of 1 –1000 K. The experimental studies of the electronic properties and concentrations of grown-in defect centers are performed by the high-resolution photoinduced transient spectroscopy (HRPITS). We show that at the shallow acceptor concentration below 1x1015 cm-3 and the concentration of deep-level defects ~3x1015 cm-3 obtaining undoped GaP with the semi-insulating (SI) properties is possible by substantial reducing the residual concentration of shallow donor impurities.
Aeolian nutrient fluxes following wildfire in sagebrush steppe: implications for soil carbon storage
Authors: Hasselquist N. J. , Germino M. J. , Sankey J. B. , Ingram L. J. , Glenn N. F.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. Pulses of aeolian transport following fire can profoundly affect the biogeochemical cycling of nutrients in semi-arid and arid ecosystems. Our objective was to determine horizontal nutrient fluxes during an episodic pulse of aeolian transport that occurred following a wildfire in a semi-arid sagebrush steppe ecosystem in southern Idaho, USA. We also examined how temporal trends in nutrient fluxes were affected by changes in particle sizes of eroded mass as well as nutrient concentrations associated with different particle size classes. In the burned area, total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fluxes were as high as 235 g C m−1 d−1 and 19 g N m−1 d−1 during the first few months following fire, whereas C and N fluxes were negligible in an adjacent unburned area throughout the study. Temporal variation in C and N fluxes following fire was largely attributable to the redistribution of saltation-sized particles. Total N and organic C concentrations in the soil surface were significantly lower in the burned relative to the unburned area one year after fire. Our results show how an episodic pulse of aeolian transport following fire can affect the spatial distribution of soil C and N, which, in turn, can have important implications for soil C storage. These findings demonstrate how an ecological disturbance can exacerbate a geomorphic process and highlight the need for further research to better understand the role aeolian transport plays in the biogeochemical cycling of C and N in recently burned landscapes.
Cold tongue/Warm pool and ENSO dynamics in the Pliocene
Authors: von der Heydt A. S. , Nnafie A. , Dijkstra H. A.
Published: August 2011

Abstract. It has been suggested that a "permanent" El Niño climate state has existed in the warm Pliocene. One of the main pieces of evidence of such conditions is the small east-west sea surface temperature (SST) difference that is found in proxy temperature records of the equatorial Pacific. Using a coupled version of the Zebiak-Cane model of intermediate complexity for the tropical Pacific, we study the sensitivity of the time-mean Pacific background state and El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) variability to Pliocene climate changes. The parameters varied in this sensitivity study include changes in the trade wind strength due to a reduced equator-to-pole temperature gradient, higher global mean temperatures and an open Panama gateway. All these changes lead to a westward shift of the position of the cold tongue along the equator by up to 2000 km. This result is consistent with data from the PRISM3D Pliocene SST reconstruction. Our model further suggests that ENSO variability is present in the Pliocene climate with only slight changes as compared to today. A background climate that would resemble a "permanent" El Niño with weak to no east-west temperature difference along the equator is only found for very weak trade winds which seem unrealistic for the Pliocene climate.
Mental Health Treatment Rates During Pregnancy and Post Partum in US Military Service Members
Authors: Heissel Jennifer A. , Healy Olivia J.
Published: May 2024

Importance

Although new parents’ mental health is known to decline, less is known about changes in therapy attendance, especially among military service members.

Objective

To investigate changes in therapy attendance among new parents and by parental leave length.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cohort study of US Army and Navy service members from January 1, 2013, to December 31, 2019, compared parents’ monthly therapy attendance with matched nonparents’ across childbirth and compared mothers’ weekly therapy attendance before vs after returning to work. Eligible monthly sample members included service members with first births from January 1, 2014, to December 31, 2017, and 12 months of data before to 24 months after birth and nonparents with 36 months of data. Eligible weekly sample members included mothers with first births from January 1, 2013, to June 30, 2019, and data from 12 months before to 6 months after birth and nonparents with 18 months of data. Data analysis was performed from July 1, 2023, to January 15, 2024.

Exposure

Those exposed to parenthood had no prior children, acquired a dependent younger than 1 year, and, for mothers, had an inpatient birth. Unexposed matches did not add a dependent younger than 1 year.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Monthly counts of mental health therapy sessions and any therapy sessions (weekly).

Results

The monthly sample included 15 554 193 person-month observations, representing 321 200 parents and matches, including 10 193 mothers (3.2%; mean [SD] age, 25.0 [4.9] years), 50 865 nonmother matches (15.8%; mean [SD] age, 25.0 [5.0] years), 43 365 fathers (13.5%; mean [SD] age, 26.4 [4.8] years), and 216 777 nonfather matches (67.5%; mean [SD] age, 26.4 [4.8] years). The weekly sample included 17 464 mothers. Mothers went to 0.0712 fewer sessions at 1 month post partum (95% CI, −0.0846 to −0.0579) compared with 10 months before birth. Fathers went to 0.0154 fewer sessions in the month of birth (95% CI, −0.0194 to −0.0114) compared with 10 months before. Parents with preexisting treatment needs had larger decreases in treatment. Weekly therapy attendance increased by 0.555 percentage points (95% CI, 0.257-0.852) when mothers returned to work from 6 weeks of leave and 0.953 percentage points (95% CI, 0.610-1.297) after 12 weeks of leave.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this cohort study of new parents, therapy attendance decreased around childbirth, especially among parents with prior mental health needs and mothers with longer maternity leaves. These findings suggest that more accessible treatment, including home visits or telehealth appointments, is needed.
A Highly Sensitive Self‐Assembled‐Nanoparticles e‐Skin Sensor for Controlling Avatar Facial Micro‐Expressions
Authors: Wang Jianfei , Suo Jiao , Zhang Hongyu , Gao Mingyan , Liu Ri , Cao Liang , Wang Keer , Vellaisamy Roy , Makasheva Kremena , Yu Xinge , Cao Shan Cecilia , Li Wen Jung , Wang Zuobin
Published: May 2024

With their unique electrical, mechanical, and surface properties, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) open up new possibilities for sensor technology. In particular, conductive thin films constructed from ligand‐stabilized AuNPs are considered an ideal sensing platform due to their high surface area, excellent conductivity, and biocompatibility. However, most methods for making conductive AuNPs thin‐film sensors with excellent sensitivity require expensive equipment. In this work, an innovative resistive strain sensor consisting of AuNPs and poly (allylamine hydrochloride) (PAH) based on the mutual adsorption of positive and negative charges using a low‐cost layer‐by‐layer self‐assembly (LBL‐SA) approach on a flexible polyester substrate is developed. The conductance changes at low temperatures of the AuNPs/PAH agree with the Arrhenius‐type activation of charge transport. Additionally, the maximum gauge factor of the sensor is shown experimentally to be ≈656 when 1% strain is applied to the sensor film. This work demonstrates that the sensor detects body motions, eyeball movements, and facial micro‐expressions. For detecting eyeball movements and facial micro‐expressions, the macro‐recall can reach 91.5% and 98.8%. Simultaneously, the sensor can control the virtual avatar's eye movements and human facial micro‐expressions in VR. Therefore, nanoparticle‐based sensors can be extensively used in future applications related to healthcare and human‐computer interaction.
High Adsorption Affinity of Indole in Defective UiO‐66 Metal–Organic Frameworks: A First‐Principles Study
Authors: Le Thong Nguyen‐Minh , Nguyen Phat Tan , Nguyen Trang Thuy , Nguyen Linh Ho Thuy , Doan Tan Le Hoang , Phan Thang Bach , Kawazoe Yoshiyuki , Nguyen Duc Manh
Published: May 2024

Herein the defect engineering is reported in zirconium 1,4‐dicarboxybenzene metal‐organic frameworks (UiO‐66) both inducing new adsorption sites and enhancing the adsorption affinity of indole adsorbates. The result shows that high adsorption energies for indole are obtained at the deprotonated μ3‐O, followed by unsaturated Zr‐cation sites in defective UiO‐66 structures. The key interactions are the hydrogen bonding between the hydrogen donor NH group of indole with the negative charge oxygen atom of the induced μ3‐O site and the dative covalent bond between the nitrogen atom of indole with the unsaturated Zr‐cation. For hydrogen bonding, the binding energies tend to increase with the increasing of defect concentrations and spread a broad range up to ≈−2.00 eV. It is also shown that the vibrational modes of indole molecules are influenced by their adsorption sites. Accordingly, the NH stretching modes of the adsorbed indole are redshifted ≈100–300 cm−1 compared to its counterpart in the isolated indole. The strongest redshift is obtained for indole adsorbed at the μ3‐O site with three missing linkers. The occupation of water at the active sites may enhance or diminish the adsorption affinity of indole relying on the hydrogen bonding mechanism.
Molecular Precision Engineering for Efficient Binary Organic Photovoltaics through Energy Level and Fibrillar Structure Modulation
Authors: Zeng Rui , Xu Shengjie , Deng Jiawei , Tan Senke , Zhou Guanqing , Zhang Ming , Zhu Lei , Han Fei , Xue Xiaonan , Zhang Anyang , Tan Hongtao , Zhang Lingjie , Zhu Chenhui , Wang Cheng , Wu Xuefei , Fink Zachary , Russell Thomas P. , Zhang Yongming , Liu Feng
Published: May 2024

Adjusting the energy levels and fibrillar morphology is paramount to enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs). In the present study, an increase in the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) is facilitated through the elongation of the alkyl chain within AQx (namely AQx‐8), aiming to decrease the free volume ratio (FVR). This reduction in FVR attenuates electron‐phonon coupling, thereby augmenting emission efficiency and diminishing the non‐radiative energy loss (ΔEnr). To further refine the energy levels and morphological characteristics, the external undecyl chain of AQx‐8 is substituted with a shorter carbon chain and cyclohexane noted for its considerable steric hindrance (AQx‐H). This alteration significantly mitigates intermolecular aggregation, expands the bandgap, and elevates the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level, culminating in an elevated VOC of 0.923 V in devices based on AQx‐H. Morphological analysis reveals that blends based on AQx‐H exhibit an enhanced multi‐length‐scale fibrillar structure, which is conducive to exciton dissociation and charge transport, thereby contributing to a high fill factor (FF) nearing 80%. Consequently, this study reports one of the highest binary PCEs documented, standing at 19.5% (with certification at 19.0%).
Curcumin and its nano‐formulations combined with exercise: From molecular mechanisms to clinic
Authors: Liu Qian , Wang Chengyu , Guo Xinyan , Du Qiankun , Keshavarzi Maryam
Published: May 2024

Curcumin is a strong substance derived from turmeric, a popular spice, renowned for its antioxidant and anti‐inflammatory abilities. The study delved deeply into a thorough examination of various sources to evaluate the impact of both regular curcumin and nano‐formulated curcumin on elements that impact physical performance, including muscular strain, discomfort, swelling, and oxidative tension. While engaging in exercise, the body experiences a rise in reactive oxygen species and inflammation. As a result, it is important to ensure a proper balance between internal and external sources of antioxidants to maintain stability in the skeletal muscle. Without this balance, there is a risk of muscle soreness, damage, and ultimately, a decline in exercise performance. Curcumin possesses the ability to enhance physical performance and reduce the symptoms of muscle fatigue and injury by virtue of its antioxidative and anti‐inflammatory properties. Including curcumin supplements appears to have advantageous effects on various aspects of exercise, such as enhancing performance, assisting with recovery, lessening muscle damage and discomfort, and lowering levels of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, a thorough assessment is necessary to precisely gauge the healing advantages of curcumin in enhancing exercise ability and reducing recovery time.
Pseudo‐mediastinal tumor: Brachiocephalic artery buckling
Authors: Kano Yasuhiro , Murata Kengo
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

Buckling of the brachiocephalic artery is an important cause of unusual chest x‐ray findings which resemble those of a mediastinal tumor. The possibility of a vascular anomaly should be kept in mind whenever a chest x‐ray demonstrates an abnormal mediastinal opacity, especially in elderly female patients with hypertension.
Achema 2024 ‐ Innovation trifft auf Nachhaltigkeit
Authors: Mathes Björn
Published: May 2024

Impulsgeber für die Zukunft der Chemie‐ und Pharmabranche in herausfordernden Zeiten
Was Menschen bewegt, die etwas bewegen
Authors: Willig Adrian
Published: May 2024

Interview mit Adrian Willig, Direktor des VDI
Ein Plädoyer für Carbon Capture and Utilisation
Authors: Carus Michael , vom Berg Christopher
Published: May 2024

Zur Eindämmung des Klimawandels ist eine drastische Reduzierung fossiler Kohlenstoffemissionen erforderlich. Während Energie‐ und Verkehrssysteme dekarbonisiert werden können, benötigen Chemie‐ und Werkstoffsektoren Kohlenstoff als Rohstoff. Diese Sektoren sollten auf erneuerbaren Kohlenstoff aus Biomasse, CCU und Recycling umsteigen, wie von der Renewable Carbon Initiative (RCI) gefördert. CCU bietet zahlreiche Vorteile, darunter die Defossilisierung der Industrie und die Reduzierung der Treibhausgasemissionen. Trotz ihrer Bedeutung wird CCU politisch noch nicht ausreichend anerkannt. Eine stärkere Unterstützung und der Einsatz erneuerbarer Energien sind notwendig, um CCU als Schlüsseltechnologie für eine nachhaltige Zukunft zu etablieren.
Kunststoffgranulate sanft trocknen
Authors: Schlachter Petra
Published: May 2024

Kunststoffe und Hitze vertragen sich meist nicht gut ‐ ein Problem für die Trocknung in der Kunststoffherstellung und ‐weiterverarbeitung. Wer seine Kunststoffe sanft entfeuchten möchte, benötigt eine Niedertemperaturtrocknung. Eine alternative Technologie auf Basis einer Wärmepumpe kann die Trocknung schonend und zugleich sehr energiesparend machen.
Mut zur Innovation
Authors: Gandert Etwina
Published: May 2024

Wie ist es möglich, die Mobilität zu Wasser, zu Lande und in der Luft nachhaltig zu verändern? Das in Itzehoe, Tübingen und Detroit ansässige Unternehmen CustomCells meint: Mit maßgeschneiderter Batterietechnologie und einer konsequenten Innovationskultur. Aber wie gestaltet sich diese Kultur und welche Perspektiven sind dabei am wichtigsten? Jan Diekmann, Vice President im Bereich Innovation bei CustomCells, erläutert die Strategie des Zellherstellers im Interview.
Sicherheit im Fokus
Authors: Schnalke Frederike
Published: May 2024

Die Lithium‐Ionen‐Batterie‐Produktion birgt einige Sicherheitsrisiken, denn während der Produktionsprozesse können Stäube, brennbare und toxische Gase sowie Dämpfe freigesetzt werden. Diese können die Anlagen und die dort arbeitenden Menschen gefährden. In Batteriefabriken beginnt die Sicherheitsbetrachtung mit einer detaillierten und individuellen Risiko‐ und Gefährdungsbeurteilung und daraus abgeleiteten Arbeitsschutzmaßnahmen.
Nachhaltige Herstellung von Lithiumeisenphosphat
Authors: Bartolucci Stefano , Gürsoy Murat
Published: May 2024

Batterien mit LFP‐Kathoden werden bislang fast nur in China produziert. Um diese Abhängigkeit zu verringern, setzt Lanxess auf zwei alternative Herstellprozesse für LFP‐Kathodenmaterial und bietet dafür neue Rohstoffe an. Dazu zählen etwa zwei neue Eisenoxide sowie Eisenphosphat. Ziel ist es, gemeinsam mit Partnern eine Wertschöpfungskette für LFP‐Batterien zu schaffen, die westliche Märkte sicher versorgt. Im Fokus stehen dabei unbedenkliche Rohstoffe, Klimafreundlichkeit und ein effizientes Recycling im Sinne von Stoffkreisläufen.
A Multifunctional Solar‐Driven Formic Acid Decomposition System Using Bimetallic Phosphides/CdS as Catalysts to Obtain H2, CO, or Syngas
Authors: Zhou Jun , Li Qin‐Zhu , Li Jin‐Rong , Sun Tong , Cao Shuang , Chen Yong , Hou Chun‐Chao
Published: May 2024

A simple hybrid system is constructed using CdS as photocatalyst and transition metal phosphides as cocatalysts for selectively photocatalytic formic acid decomposition under visible light irradiation at room temperature. By adjusting FA decomposition conditions, different products of H2, CO, or syngas can be obtained according to different demands. With the assistance of bimetallic phosphides as cocatalysts, the H2 and CO production efficiencies can reach up to 138.3 and 116.1 μmol mg−1 h−1 at pH = 1.5 and 9.2, respectively. At pH = 4.4, the syngas efficiency can reach up to 306.9 μmol mg−1 h−1, including 101.4 μmol mg−1 h−1 H2 and 205.5 μmol mg−1 h−1 CO. Moreover, the present heterogeneous system also exhibits excellent photocatalytic stability and still keeps high rates after the five‐cycle reaction, indicating its potential application value.
Structure‐to‐structure seismic damage correlation model
Authors: Xiang Mengjie , Shen Jiaxu , Xu Zekun , Chen Jun
Published: May 2024

Strong earthquake disasters can cause noticeable damage correlations among regional buildings with similar mechanical properties, termed structure‐to‐structure seismic damage correlation, which has a pronounced impact on the regional seismic risk assessment and therefore needs to be properly quantified. This study first introduces a time‐domain analytical and equivalent frequency‐domain analysis based on random vibration theory for calculating structure‐to‐structure seismic damage correlation coefficients. Subsequently, by employing the spatially consistent white noise excitation and the spatially varying white noise excitation with the Luco–Wong coherence function, the structural filtering effect and the ground motion spatial correlation effect are progressively incorporated, and an analytical interstructural damage correlation model incorporating structural dynamic properties and spatial distance is derived. Comparations with Monte Carlo simulations and existing empirical models demonstrate that the proposed analytical model possesses a clear physical basis and high reliability. Finally, a case study was conducted on a district having 29,461 buildings in Shanghai, China to illustrate the influence of interstructural damage correlation on the regional seismic risk. Results show that disregarding the interstructural seismic damage correlation can lead to underestimation of overall loss uncertainty.
Effects of incident heat flux on heat release rates and temperatures in cone calorimeter tests of polyurethane foam
Authors: Ugo‐Okeke Obiora , Torvi David
Published: May 2024

There is great interest in developing methods to predict full‐scale fire performance of mattresses and upholstered furniture for design and regulatory purposes using cone calorimeter and other small‐scale test results. One method used in the past is a model developed during the European Combustion Behavior of Upholstered Furniture (CBUF) project. To support the further development of this model, cone calorimeter tests of polyurethane (PU) foam specimens 5–10 cm thick were conducted using incident heat fluxes between 5 and 35 kW/m2. Temperatures were measured using thermocouples located on the surface and at four depths within 10 cm thick foam specimens to determine the effects of heat flux on heat transfer and foam degradation. Peak and average heat release rate (HRR) values for a particular thickness of foam increased with an increase in heat flux. An increase in heat flux decreased the times to reach the two peaks in the HRR curve, which represent the collapse of foam and burning of liquid products, as well as burning duration. Heat flux had a larger effect on the second HRR peak than the first peak. Significant temperature gradients were initially confined to the top portion of the foam. A surface temperature of 150–200°C was shown to be indicative of the onset of ignition, while a temperature of 150°C at a particular location was indicative of when temperatures began to more rapidly increase at deeper locations within the foam. Infrared video records were also used to examine three‐dimensional burning behavior of the foam.
Volcanic activity during the Early–Middle Triassic transition in the Sichuan Basin, South China: Duration, evolution and implications
Authors: Li Chen , Chen Hai‐Hang , Lang Xing‐Hai , Deng Yu‐Lin , Wang Yong‐Tao
Published: May 2024

The felsic volcanogenic tuff known as ‘green bean rock’ (GBR) and its carbonates are widely dispersed across the western Yangtze Block. This study investigates the origin, tectonic setting and genesis of GBR, as well as the environmental disruptions evident in carbonates from the western edge of the Yangtze Block. The analyses include mineralogy, whole‐rock geochemistry and the isotopic composition of zircon Hf, carbon and oxygen in GBR samples from the western edge of the Yangtze Block. The geochemical profile of GBR shows enriched LREE, Th and U content, depleted levels of Nb, Ta, Sr, Ba, K, Rb and Ti, and strong‐to‐moderate negative Eu anomalies (δEu = 0.15–0.18). Zircon Hf isotopes exhibit S‐type geochemical affinities with low negative εHf(t) values (−13.3 to −5.7) and TDM2 ages of 1684–2110 Ma. This suggests that the volcanic ashes originate from the magma of an intermediate to felsic composition. X‐ray directionality data show that the most prevalent clay minerals are illite and illite/smectite. Lithium fixed in these minerals is likely to have leached from brine. Early Triassic variances in δ13C profiles are reliable indicators of environmental disturbances, pointing to cycles of devastation and restoration in marine ecosystems, interspersed with extraneous events including volcanic activity. The study posits that volcano eruptions may have prolonged biotic recovery after the end‐Permian mass extinction.
The mediation roles of self‐regulation and problematic internet use: How maladaptive parenting during the COVID‐19 pandemic influenced adolescents' academic procrastination in the postpandemic era
Authors: Xiao He , Mao Jian , Chen Jiarong , Wei Junfeng , He Jiajie , Nie Yangang
Published: May 2024

Introduction

In the transition to the postpandemic era, adolescents are working to shift their focus back to school. However, the prevalence of academic procrastination is reflective of that the aftereffects of the pandemic are persisting. Literature documents the increases in the negative parenting behaviors and internet use of adolescents during the pandemic. The excessive internet use has to do with adolescents' self‐regulatory capabilities and self‐regulation is profoundly shaped by parents' parenting practices. Given the connections among these factors, the present study seeks to understand how maladaptive parenting practices during the pandemic influenced adolescents' academic procrastination postpandemic through the mediation of self‐regulation and problematic internet use.

Method

Using three waves of data from a total of 1062 Chinese adolescents (Mage = 14.9 years old, SD = 1.6, 13−18 years old; 45% female), we used structural equation modeling to examine the direct effect of maladaptive parenting on academic procrastination and its indirect effect via self‐regulation and problematic internet use.

Results

Maladaptive parenting during the pandemic did not directly predict adolescent academic procrastination post‐pandemic. Yet, maladaptive parenting indirectly influenced academic procrastination both through self‐regulation solely and self‐regulation and problematic internet use sequentially.

Conclusion

The findings demonstrate that parents can contribute to adolescents' academic procrastination by influencing their self‐regulation ability, which further impacts their internet use. Self‐regulation serves as a robust mediator between parenting and adolescents' problematic behaviors related to internet use and learning. Implications for parents and intervention oriented toward adolescents are discussed.
Factors that influence field hockey footwear selection: An online survey
Authors: Derry Christopher R. , Menz Hylton B. , Kryger Katrine Okholm , Thomson Athol , Hoey Caoimhe , Bonanno Daniel R.
Published: May 2024

Background

Little is known about factors that influence footwear selection by field hockey players.

Methods

An online survey was used to collect data on participant demographics and physical characteristics, factors influencing footwear selection, perceptions regarding footwear design features on injury and performance, and experiences regarding usability. Nominal and ordinal data were described as absolute frequencies and relative frequencies. Free text responses were analysed using content analysis. Sex‐related differences in quantitative and qualitative data were explored.

Results

A total of 401 hockey players completed the survey. Participants reported that fit, comfort, support, and cushioning were the most important factors when selecting hockey footwear. Most hockey players believed that stud design could influence athletic performance (65%) and injury risk (63%) but reported having no preference on outsole design or stud shape. Most participants (63%) used hockey‐specific footwear, but 46% of female hockey players did not, with 40% using trail running footwear instead. Qualitative analysis revealed that hockey players, particularly female participants, encounter difficulties finding properly fitting footwear. They desire more options for wide or narrow feet and face challenges in accessing suitable hockey shoes due to limited choices and availability.

Conclusions

With over a third of field hockey players not using hockey‐specific footwear, future research should attempt to understand the reasons and assess the impact of different footwear features on comfort, performance, injury risk, and usability.
Oscillator networks with N‐shaped nonlinearities: Electrical modeling and wave digital emulation
Authors: Al Beattie Bakr , Röhrig Jonas , Altin Ahmed , Gödde Luis , Ochs Karlheinz
Published: May 2024

This paper proposes contributions to the efficient wave digital (WD) modeling of large oscillator networks which are emerging as energy‐efficient alternatives to traditional computers. The WD concept enables in‐operando parameter tuning, real‐time testing, and the associated algorithms are highly parallelizable. We present a general electrical model of N‐shaped nonlinearities that are commonly found in nonlinear oscillators. Our model offers the flexibility to design the current–voltage characteristic based on specific requirements. We show how this model can be used to derive efficient and explicit WD algorithms for nonlinear oscillators. Furthermore, we propose the use of lossless transmission lines between the oscillators and the coupling network to obtain an ideal circuit for an oscillator network that can function as an Ising machine and be efficiently and exactly evaluated in the WD domain. The proposed algorithms are compared against the classical method involving iterative techniques, and their capabilities are evaluated through the emulation of a single FitzHugh‐Nagumo oscillator as well as an Ising machine involving transmission lines. In the latter case, we show that, for large networks, the proposed methods decrease the runtime by up to 75% compared to using iterative techniques.
Gastrotourists' profiles through their motivations, opinions, and perceptions: An artificial neural networks approach
Authors: Solano‐Sánchez Miguel Ángel , Mora David , Hidalgo‐Fernández Amalia , Moral‐Cuadra Salvador
Published: May 2024

Currently, tourists consider their satisfaction by keeping in mind their gastronomic experience in the place, especially in destinations with historical and cultural symbolism. This research aims to elaborate an artificial neural network that estimates the changes in the sociodemographic characteristics of gastronomic tourists (gender, age, educational level and income) from questions about motivations, perceptions and opinions about gastronomic tourism. This model can build ‘composite sketches’ or estimations of the profiles based on their replies on the topic incorporated into the artificial neural network model, which can be easily customised by the researcher and is helpful in the development and adaptation of gastronomic tourism products and services. Knowing the relationships between the different opinions, motivations and perceptions that gastrotourists have and their sociodemographic profile is essential to better understand the phenomenon of gastronomic tourism and optimise the management of businesses dedicated to it, as well as public agents promoting local gastronomy.
Validating the capture rate of revisions by the New Zealand ACL Registry: An analysis of all‐cause reoperation following primary ACL reconstruction
Authors: Rahardja Richard , Love Hamish , Clatworthy Mark G. , Young Simon W.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

To validate the New Zealand Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Registry's capture rate of revisions by cross‐referencing Registry data with reoperations data recorded by the Accident Compensation Corporation (ACC) and identify risk factors for all‐cause reoperation.

Methods

Primary ACL reconstructions performed between April 2014 and September 2019 were individually matched on a record‐by‐record basis between the two databases. The ACC database was used to identify patients who underwent a reoperation with manual review of operation notes to identify whether a revision or other procedure was performed. This was combined with the number of revisions separately recorded in the New Zealand ACL Registry, which was used as the denominator value to calculate the Registry's capture rate of revisions. Patient and surgical data recorded in the Registry were analysed to identify independent predictors for all‐cause reoperation.

Results

A total of 8046 primary ACL reconstructions were matched between the New Zealand ACL Registry and the ACC databases. The reoperation rate was 8.9% (n = 715) at a mean follow‐up of 2.5 years. Meniscal‐related procedures were the most common reoperation (n = 299, 3.7%), followed by revision ACL reconstruction (n = 219, 2.7%), arthrofibrosis (n = 185, 2.3%), cartilage (n = 56, 0.7%) and implants (n = 32, 0.4%). The New Zealand ACL Registry captured 96% of revisions. Younger age (hazard ratio [HR] > 1.4, p < 0.001), earlier surgery (HR > 1.3, p = 0.05), concurrent meniscal repair (medial meniscus HR = 1.9, p < 0.001 and lateral meniscus HR = 1.3, p = 0.022) and hamstring tendon autografts (HR = 1.4, p = 0.001) were associated with a higher risk of reoperation.

Conclusion

The New Zealand ACL Registry captured 96% of revisions. Risk factors for all‐cause reoperation included younger age, earlier surgery, meniscal repair and hamstring tendon autografts.

Level of Evidence

Level III.