bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Re-positive testing, clinical evolution and clearance of infection: results from COVID-19 cases in isolation in Viet Nam
Authors: Hoang Ngoc-Anh , Pham Thai Quang , Quach Ha-Linh , Nguyen Khanh Ccong , Colquhoun Samantha , Lambert Stephen , Duong Huy Luong , Tran Dai Quang , Phung Cong Dinh , Tran Nhu Duong , Ngu Duy Nghia , Tran Anh Tu , Nguyen Hue Bich Thi , Dang Duc-Anh , Vogt Florian
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Asymptomatic infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and test re-positivity after a negative test have raised concerns about the ability to effectively control the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of COVID-19 asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections during the second wave of COVID-19 in Viet Nam, and to better understand the duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection and the dynamics between the evolution of clinical symptoms and SARS-CoV-2 test positivity among confirmed COVID-19 cases. Methods: We conducted a cohort analysis on the first 50 confirmed cases during the second COVID-19 wave in Viet Nam using clinical, laboratory and epidemiological data collected from 9 March to 30 April 2020. Kaplan-Meier estimates were used to assess time to clearance of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and log-rank tests were used to explore factors related to time to SARS-CoV-2 infection clearance. Results: Most cases (58%) had no typical signs or symptoms of COVID-19 at the time of diagnosis. Ten cases (20%) were re-positive for SARS-CoV-2 during infection. Eight cases (16%) experienced COVID-19 symptoms after testing negative for SARS-CoV-2. The median duration from symptom onset until clearance of infection was 14 days (range: 6–31); it was longer in re-positive and older patients and those with pre-existing conditions. Conclusion: Asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic infections were common during the second wave of COVID-19 in Viet Nam. Re-positivity was frequent during hospitalization and led to a long duration of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
How can we better support the public health emergency response workforce during crises?
Authors: Parry Amy Elizabeth , Colquhoun Samantha , Field Emma , Kirk Martyn , Durrheim David , Housen Tambri
Published: February 2022

For public health response to be effective, it is essential that we identify support mechanisms for people working in challenging response environments. The Regional Office for the Western Pacific needs programmes, such as Field Epidemiology Training Programmes, to ensure sustained workforce development. However, during crises a modified mentorship-like program may foster temporary support and empowerment within the workforce.
The Musical Elements in Passion or Alice's Death as Sources of New Meanings
Authors:   Plovdiv University „Paisii Hilendarski", Ganeva Vesela
Published: February 2022

The study traces the interrelationships between literature and the musical forms fugue and passion. Significant for the analysis is the information about the personality of Bach and the science of onomastics. I find a connection between the names of the characters of the novel and the great composer. I initiate a new reading of the traditional musical form of passion and the novel by exploring biblical and musical elements, finding that they are deconstructed by the author to create unconventional meanings.
International Scientific Conference “Bulgarian Language, Literature and Culture – Roads through the Multicultural World” (Naples, November 18 – 21, 2021)
Authors:   Sofia University, Padeshka Maya
Published: February 2022

The text contains information about the international scientific conference for Bulgarians and Slavists Scholars “Bulgarian language, literature and culture – roads through the multicultural world”. It briefly presents the organization and the main thematic areas, as well as the presented reports.
Ориентиран към ученика позитивен подход на възпитание, обучение и социализация в часа на класа
Authors:   Софийски университет „Св. Климент Охридски“, Витанов Любен
Published: February 2022

The article examines the student-centered positive pedagogical approach in the class time lessons. It reviews the term’s definition and its connection to humane pedagogy, positive psychology and pedagogy. A constructed model for teaching and learning is described and four main components are viewed: dynamic and shared model for selection and structuring of the learning content; positive approach to education and classroom management; competence-oriented training; balanced approach to student-centered learning. Methodological guidelines for the realization of the student-centered positive pedagogical approach in the classroom are also indicated.
Levels of Transformational Changes in Motor Status of Preschool Children under the Influence of Different Models of Exercise Programs
Authors:   St. Cyril and Methodius Grammar School, Dimitrovgrad, Jotov Nebojsa , Rajkovic Zeljko , Miletic Vladimir ,   University of Belgrade
Published: February 2022

Directed motor activity can affect the anthropological status of children more effectively than unstructured and free activities. The paper examines the impact of two three – month programs on the transformation of the anthropological status of male children aged 6. A statistically significant difference was confirmed in all tested variables (running 20m, backwards polygon, hand tapping, sitting forward lean, long jump, sit up, hand plank) between the initial and final measurements. The outdoor polygon led to greater positive changes in the motor status of preschool children than shaping exercises with elements of games. It is necessary to further investigate the optimal relationship between these two types of directed exercises.
actual status of physical education for high school learners through socializing in Vietnam
Authors: Trung Nguyen Dang , Trung Nguyen Thanh , Hong Nguyen Thi Thanh , Duyet Do Xuan , Van Tu Duc
Published: February 2022

The objective of the study is to evaluate the actual status of physical education program implementation and socialization of physical education in high school education in Vietnam. We designed a questionnaire using Google Form, the questionnaire consists of 15 questions including Q.1 to Q.11 related to the physical education program; Q.12 to Q.15 related to the socialization of physical education. The rating scale is divided into 4 levels (non-satisfied; partially satisfied; satisfied; well satisfied). The survey was conducted online of 345 people including education administrators and high schools teachers. Area of the survey is in Hanoi city, Lai Chau province. The study shows that the actual implementation of physical education programs in high schools has not met the targets of the 2018 high school education program promulgated by the Ministry of Education and Training of Vietnam; for socializing physical education activities, there are still many limitations, socialization activities have not had much positive impact on the quality of teaching physical education subject in high schools.
Innovation Strategies and Performance of Insurance Brokerage Firms in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors:   Kenyatta University, Mugendi Kinyua Martin , Karugu Janeesther ,   Kenyatta University
Published: February 2022

The insurance industry in Kenya has been recognized as a major player in the Kenyan economy. The insurance brokerage industry remains one of Kenya's most flamboyant financial sectors, especially in Nairobi County. However, there has been the saturation of intermediaries in the insurance sector, especially in Nairobi County. Thus, the study sought to examine the influence of innovation strategies on the performance of insurance brokerage firms in Nairobi County, Kenya. The study used the descriptive survey technique. The target population constituted 216 insurance Brokers companies within Nairobi as per the year 2019 (Commissioner of Insurance, 2018). The sample size was 140 institutions found using the Yamane (1967) formula. The questionnaire was used for primary data collection. Secondary data sources included IRA publications, company financial statements and company websites. Descriptive statistics and inferential statistics were used for the data analysis. The study established that product innovation, service innovation and market innovation had a positive and significant influence on the performance of insurance brokerage firms in Nairobi. The study concluded that the importance of product innovation in the company's growth and development could not be overstated. A new service idea is considered an innovation if it is a deliberate change in the service provided, provides a new or significantly improved benefit to the customer, significantly improves the service firm's profitability, and can be replicated from customer to customer. Market innovation improves the organization's performance because it operates at a lower cost as there is no need for inventing anything new. The study recommended that the organizations develop winning products, which are products that are in an appealing market, target a profitable customer segment, address the suitable unmet needs, and assist customers in getting the job done better than any competing solution. The organization should aim their marketing innovations to better address customer needs, open up new markets, or newly positioning a firm's product on the market to increase its sales. Keywords: Product innovation, service innovation, marketing innovation, performance, insurance brokerage companies, Nairobi County, Kenya
THE EFFECT OF VARIATIONS IN THE CONCENTRATION SORBITOL AND CASSAVA LIQUID SUGAR (Manihot esculenta Crantz) OF SWEETENER ON THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GUMMY CANDIES PARACETAMOL
Authors: Rashati Dewi -
Published: February 2022

Gummy candies paracetamol is chew candy containing the active subtance paracetamol with sweetener of sorbitol and cassava liquid sugar. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of variations in the concentration of sorbitol and cassava liquid sugar as sweeteners on the physical properties of gummy candies paracetamol. Formulation of paracetamol gummy candies using diference concentration of sorbitol (20%, 15%, 10%) and cassava liquid sugar (40%, 45%, 50%).was used as the method pre-experimental design research method with one-shot case study design. Testing the physical properties of the preparations that have become chewing gum includes organoleptic tests, weight uniformity tests, pH tests and then the results are compared with the requirements in the literature. The results of the research on the physical properties of paracetamol gummy candy concluded that variations in the concentration of sorbitol sweetener and cassava liquid sugar had an effect on the uniformity of weight. Variations in the concentration of sorbitol sweetener and cassava liquid sugar did not affect the physical organoleptic properties of aroma, color, taste, texture, and physical properties of pH.Keywords : paracetamol, gummy candies, sorbitol, cassava liquid sugar
PEMISAHAN PROTEIN DALAM DARAH PENDERITA DIABETES MELLITUS TIPE 2 UNTUK PENGEMBANGAN MOLEKUL BIOMARKER
Authors: Nurmalasari Dewi Riskha
Published: February 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disorder of the chronic metabolic system due to insufficiency of insulin function. DM is classified into two main categories, type 1 and type 2. The purpose of this study was to separate proteins using the SDS-PAGE method to determine the potential protein profile as a biomarker contained in the blood of type 2 DM patients, so that the results of the analysis can be used as an indicator of early detection of type 2 DM. This research is a true experimental research. The samples of this study were the blood of 20 patients with type 2 DM in Sukorejo Bangsalsari Village and the blood of 5 patients who non  DM in Sukorejo Bangsalsari Village. sampling technique was randomized controlled trial, after the blood collection process, blood serum was then prepared at the Molecular Biology Laboratory, FMIPA UNEJ, then protein analysis was performed using the 1D-gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. The results of protein characterization using SDS-PAGE analysis with blood serum of type 2 DM patients and serum of healthy people (non-patients) as negative controls, obtained protein bands that are less specific to potential targets, because the results of running are still not good, so it is not possible to know the biomarker protein profile in the blood of patients with type 2 DM in Sukorejo Bangsalsari Village, and the results of this analysis still cannot be used as an indicator for early detection of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Analysis of potential proteins profile as biomarkers using SDS-PAGE analysis has revealed three bands which had molecular weights of 28, 45 and 235 kDa. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, Biomarker, SDS-PAGE
Le dégoût de l’absurde : Phénoménologie de l’existence dans La nausée de Jean-Paul Sartre
Authors: Vasari Giorgia
Published: February 2022

The aim of this paper is to analyse the disgust of which Sartre's “nausea” is an expression, by identifying its ontological significance and its role within Sartre's thought. Particular attention is devoted to the phenomenological themes of vision and conversion of the gaze, in the strict correlation they have with disgust. My claim is that Sartre, in his early philosophical work, elaborated a response to the Heideggerian problematic of the correlation between Befindlichkeit and Faktizität. To verify such claim, my paper will analyse the differences between Sartrean and Heideggerian thought with regard to these concepts, and show the extent of the influence that Husserl, Emmanuel Levinas and Aurel Kolnai had on Sartre.
Retrodatazioni da fumetti
Authors: Piotti Mario
Published: February 2022

L’articolo presenta una serie di retrodatazioni e datazioni di voci che caratterizzano espressivamente la lingua dei fumetti seriali. Si tratta principalmente di locuzioni verbali e composti verbo + nome.

This paper presents a series of backdatings and datings that expressively characterize the language of serial comics. These are mainly verbal phrases + noun compounds.
Gingers as ingredients in Chyawanprash, an ayurvedic health supplement: A review
Authors: Saikia Ankur , Hazarika Prodip , Sarmah Apurba , Pradhan Bijoy , Jayaraj Rathinam
Published: February 2022

Zingiberales, the pan-tropical angiospermic plant order distributed in majority of the continents contains plant species important in the context of pharmaceutical industry and traditional medicinal systems. Ayurveda, the traditional and endemic medicine system practiced in India since antiquity, has several formulations for strengthening the human body including the celebrated Chyawanprash. The present review highlights the three members of Zingiberales which are included in the list of ingredients therein.
In vitro spore germination of Pityrogramma calomelanos - A medicinal fern
Authors: Sundari M. , Benniamin A. , Jesubalan D. , Dayal Rajeshwar
Published: February 2022

Ferns have a great economic value based upon the good ornamental qualities of foliage. Pityrogramma calomelanos (L.) Link. commonly known as ‘Silver fern’, belongs to the family Pteridaceae and is a terrestrial or lithophytic herbaceous fern distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. It is a medicinally important ornamental fern. The spore germination and developmental pattern of prothallium has been dealt herein with particular emphasis on gametophyte, emergence of antheridia as well as archegonia, their fertilization and turnover of sporophytes. The spores started germinating just after 5 days, whereas thespores sown after 25 days in the similar composition of culture media did not show any germination, emancipating full loss of spore viability. The study of this medicinal fern includes spore germination, gametophyte growth, differentiation sex ontogeny and development of sporophytes. The effect of kinetin and IBA with KC media yielding a high number of sporophyte formations. In addition to the normal turnover of sporophytes in above sets of experiment, it was also observed that the dense spore sowing developed usually small, uniseriate, very occasionally broadened, abnormal gametophytes rather than normal cordate one, which always failed to produce any sporophyte. In vitro raised plants showed 54% of establishment during hardening in the field. The present study has established the reproducible protocol for the ex situ conservation of this Medicinal fern.
Structure of low-level Jet-stream over the Arabian Sea and the Peninsula as revealed by observations in June and July during the monsoon experiment (Monex) 1973 and its probable origin
Authors: DESAI B. N. , RANGACHARI N. , SUBRAMANIAN S. K.
Published: February 2022

Surface and upper air observations recorded by the four Russian ships during Monsoon Experiment (MONEX) 1973 over the Arabian sea and the Indian Ocean upto the equator and by the obsrvatories over Kenya and Peninsular India, have been examined to study details about the jet-speed winds noticed over the area during active or strong monsoon conditions. The following points are brought out by the study:

(1) The low-level jet was noticed simultaneously over the Arabian Sea between Lats. 7° and 16° N east of about long. 53° E and over the Peninsula at (i) different levels over the same place, (ii) different latitudes at the same time, and (iii) different latitudes and levels at different times.

 

(2) The extent of the jet in the horizontal and vertical was generally larger over land than oversea. It may be at as high a level as 3.0 km over sea and 3.8 km over land.

 

(3) When a jet-stream persisted over an area for a day or two, the lowest jet over the sea would appear to be at a lower level during the morning than evening hours.

 

(4) The low-level jet over the Peninsula and the Arabian Sea would not appear to originate due to thermal conditions off Somalia an over the Arabian Sea. Jet-speed winds occurred over sea in the moist air and not near the boundary of moist and dry airmasses  they occurred below above or  in isothermal layer or in the and their airmasses with nearly moist adiabatic lapse and the other moist adiabiatic lapse.

 

(5) The low-level jet over the Peninsular India is a continuation of that over the Arabian Sea, which in turn,  would appear to be a coatinuation of that which crosses equator between Longs. 37° and 45°E and has its origin in the southern hemisphere  as seen from paper of Findlater (1969) and as discussed by Desai (1972); the cold fronts in the mid latitude of that  hemisphere moving eastwards initiate the low-level Jet, the topographical features to the west of the eastern coast of Africa and of Madagascar directing it northwards across the Mozambique channel and also enhancing its speed.

 

(6) The need for closer network of Rawin and Radiosonde observation over the equator between longitude of Nairobi and 45 degrees East in any future MONEX expeditions has been emphasized.
Temperature distribution in the upper layers of the northern and eastern Arabian Sea during lndo- Soviet monsoon experiment
Authors: RAMESHBABU V. , RAO L. V. GANGADHARA , VARKEY M. J, , UDAYAVARMA P.
Published: February 2022

Scientific cruises were carried out by the ships of the Indian Navy along one zonal section (along 20o N lat.) and one meridional section (along 710 .30 E Long) in the Arabian Sea during May, June and July 1973 under the Indo-Soviet Monsoon Experiment (ISMEX). Using the bathythermograph data collected in these cruises, vertical distribution of temperature in the upper 275 metres was studied. Along the zonal section, east of 670E meridian, the depth of thermocline was found to increase gradually from about 20-30 m in May to 40-50 m in July. Significant fall (of about 10C) in the temperature of the surface water along the meridional section was observed from May to July. Along this section, in July the mixed layer developed well compared to May and the depth of thermocline increased from less than 40 m in the northern part to about 70 m in the southern part.
Domes on the eastern margin of the north Cuddapah basin
Authors: RAO V. BHASKARA , SWAMY G. NARASIMHA
Published: February 2022

The eastern margin of the north Cuddapah basin is characterised by a singular series of peculiar, ellipsoidal domes from Vinukonda upto the Krishna river in the north. In the Course of the regional magnetic investigations conducted in the north Cuddapah basin and the adjoining areas, it is found that these domes are practically without any expression in the regional anomaly maps. It is suggested that these are probably mere topographic features only, without corresponding reflection in the basement.
Monsoon in Sierra Leone
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K.
Published: February 2022

General characteristic of monsoon in Sierra Leone is discussed in this paper. The months July, August, September may be considered as monsoon months in Sierra Leone, Most of the rain in this country occurs in these three months. Rainfall data for the period 1954 to 1973 were analysed. It was found that rainfall gradually decreases from west to east and from south to north. Though the rainfall increases in monsoon, there is considerable reduction in the thunderstorm activity. The diurnal variation of rainfall indicates, that the rainfall is maximum in early morning and minimum in the evening. A comparison of rainfall characteristic has been made with those over west.
Nocturnal increases in surface temperature
Authors: MANRAL N. S. , KISHAN DAYA , PRADHAN S. K.
Published: February 2022

The surface temperature during some clear nights at Bombay Airport are observed rising, instead of falling, under fine weather conditions. The cases of nocturnal rise in surface temperature of the order of 2°C and more occurring in an hour have been analysed and discussed.

The study reveals that nocturnal rise in surface temperature is caused by the transfer of momentum and heat downward from layers aloft in the inversion layer. This transfer is caused by the turbulence which is caused mainly due to the limiting wind shear developed between surface and layers aloft. The land breeze circulation plays a significant role in increasing or decreasing this turbulence at the surface.
Study on the estimate of precipitation with the help of S-band at radar Calcutta
Authors: DE A.C. , BHATTACHARYYA P. , GHOSH S. K.
Published: February 2022

An attempt has been made to study the amount of rainfall associated with the severe cyclonic storm of 14-16 August 1974 with the help of the S-band radar installed at Calcutta. The first two modes of the gray scale, viz. gray and white shades were utilised in this study. It has been found that these modes correspond fairly well with the rates of rainfall recorded at these recording rain gauge stations, and rainfall reported by ordinary rain gauge stations within a radius of 200 km around Calcutta, Isogram analysis of the rates of rainfall at a particular time has also been made and the results compare fairly well with the radar photographs at the corresponding time.
On the application of a primitive equation barotropic Model for the prediction of storm tracks In the Indian region
Authors: RAMANATHAN Y. , BANSAL R. K.
Published: February 2022

Methods of prediction of storm tracks in the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal by the use of a limited area primitive equation barotropic model have been discussed with case-studies, They are (i) the total flow direct integration method. {ii) the point vortex method in which the basic flow is separated from the disturbance and integrated, treating the vortex as a point and advecting the same at each time step by the basic field and (iii) the modified point vortex method in which the interaction of the disturbance flow with the basic flow is taken into account in the method in (ii).
Study of a western disturbance
Authors: SINGH M.S , KUMAR S.
Published: February 2022

The intensification of a western disturbance which moved from central Iran to northwest India from 11 to 13 February 1975 has been studied. It has been shown that the system intensified when a pre-existing surface low over central Iran was overtaken by a strong upper frontal layer from the west, It has also been shown how the strength of this upper frontal layer was maintained during the whole period.
A deterministic non-linear model for rainfall-runoff relation
Authors: GUHA M. K.
Published: February 2022

A non-linear model for the rainfall run-off relation is discussed by using the Laplace’s transform in the equation of continuity and storage. The equation of continuity has been converted into a nth order algebraic equation. A simple integration method has also been indicated for the constant input function. Some particular cases are also discussed as a verification of the result, and lastly the linear modern has been deduced as a special case from the non-linear model. The results are in close agreement with that of observed hydrograph.
Derivation of 6-hour unitgraphs for Barakar (D. V. C. ) and Yamuna catchments for flood forecasting
Authors: NARAYANAN PANKAJA , HASIJA S.C. , RAO D. V. L. N.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, series of unit hydrographs were derived assuming a 6-hr unit period for the Burukur and Yumuna catchments. The best fit unit hydrograph is selected mainly by the least square's method. Several important relationships to apply the method for operational use were also derived. These relationships are in the form of API initial loss relationships and the inter-relationship of rainfall intensity, loss rate and API.

Although the results are based upon a small sample, it has been possible to derive the above relationships. At the end a correction diagram IS also given to enable the user to correct the time of occurrence as well as the magnitude of the flood peak.
Effect of cold wave on soil temperatures
Authors: BHANDARI S. G. , KELKAR R. R.
Published: February 2022

Intensive observations from surface to 150 cm depth of soil on clear days in January 1981 covering the period of moderate cold wave were recorded in black cotton soils at Pune. There was a little pr no .diurnal variation below 30 cm: During the passage of cold wave upper layers of soil responded quickly and appreciable fall of temperatures were noticed. Persistence of moderate cold wave conditions for about two days influenced the deeper depths temperatures too. Partial clouding mainly affected the temperatures of surface and 5 cm.

 

Thermal diffusivity within surface to 5 cm was 0.1029X 10-9 cm2/sec while that in 15 to 20 cm was 0.3043x10-9 cm2/sec. Damping depth was found to be 7.6 cm. Both these parameters being low in comparison to those for sandy soils diurnal temperature wave dampens at faster rate in black cotton soils.
Some observations on the chemical composition of precipitation in an industrial area and its use in air quality assessment
Authors: MAHADEVAN T. N. , MEENAKSHY V. , SATHE A. P.
Published: February 2022

Precipitation samples collected from seven sites situated in a major industrial region in Bombay during 1980 monsoon period were analysed for pH, SO4' CI, NO3, NH4 and F ion concentrations. Barring one site which showed predominantly acid rains, samples from other sites were found to be alkaline in nature. Data obtained suggest a predominant SO4 excess at two of the sites where the prime source is SO2' Higher levels of fluoride and nitrate were found at four of the sites indicating a local source. SO4, and NH, excesses are estimated with reference to their   stoichiometric ratios. Fluoride deposition due to precipitation washout around the fertilizer industry is assessed and the overall results of the study discussed.
Spell distribution and weather cycle at Chandigarh
Authors: AGNIHOTRI Y. , BANSAL R. C. , SINGH PRAHLAD
Published: February 2022

In an attempt to predict wet/dry spell and weather cycle, Markov chain model was fitted to the daily rainfall data (1958 to 1980) of Chandigarh. Conditional probabilities for occurrence of wet day preceded by wet/dry day were calculated and the expected frequencies of wet and dry spell and the weather cycle have been worked out with the help of the model. The study on the basis of X2 test has revealed the expected frequencies to fall in agreement with the observed ones.
Distribution of wave heights in Bay of Bengal During summer monsoon
Authors: RAO C. V. K. PRASADA , PRASAD N. DURGA
Published: February 2022

Hindcast wave heights in Bay of Bengal for summer monsoon are presented using 5MB method and wind data reported in Indian Daily Weather Reports during 1976-80. Monthly average significant wave heights of both sea and swell range between 0.5 and 2.0 In. Southern and central portions of Bay are associated with higher waves. Propagation of swells in northerly direction has been observed during the period June-August. Highest possible significant wave heights computed from maximum wind speeds reported, vary from 2.5 to 6.5 m.
Rainfall over lakes around Bombay
Authors: MUKHERJEE A. K. , SHYAMALA B. , APTE S. G.
Published: February 2022

An attempt is made in this paper to study the various rainfall characteristics of the lakes around Bombay so as to develop a climatology for the lake rainfall. The study covers fifty  years data for the four lakes, viz., Tansa, Tulsi, Powai and Vehar and 22 years data for Vaitarna from 1956 for southwest monsoon period in comparison with Colaba. Many conclusions based on statistical studies have been arrived at by analysing monthly, seasonal, pentad and daily rainfall, normals. Analysis of the daily actual rainfall for lakes and Colaba has also been considered with a view to find out the percentage occasions of heavy rainfall over lakes.
A comparative study of the climatological estimation Of potential evapotranspiration
Authors: VENKATARAMAN S. , RAO K. SUBBA , JILANI Y.
Published: February 2022

A comparative study of potential evapotranspiration (PET) by various methods, viz., Penman (1963), Monteith (1964) and Thorn and Oliver (1977) in relation to mesh-covered class A Pan evaporation (EP) is presented for 9 radiation stations situated in different agroclimatic zones. Computation of PET by Monteith's method for a tall crop is recommended for adoption in place of Penman's method (1963).
The usefulness of geomagnetic observations for predicting the earthquakes
Authors: CHAKRABARTY S. K.
Published: February 2022

Geomagnetic field variations at Shillong (Geog. Lat. 25 deg. 34' Nand Geog. Long. 91 deg. S3 ' E:), a station in the seismic prone region and far away from the influence of equatorial electrojet, is examined for the possible association with the felt shock earthquakes in the vicinity. The results were compared with Jaipur, a station in the same latitude as Shillong but differing in local time by 1 hr. During the interval of December 1979 to April 1981 about 29 shocks were reported to be felt moderately or slightly by the Central Seismological Observatory, Shillong and a preliminary examination of variations of the total geomagnetic field, F, taken by sensitive proton precession magnetometer on the above individual events reveals that there is a depression of the field prior to the shock, when the epicentre of earthquake is not far away from the station. The field change is most likely due to changes in the crusta! stress in this region. A regression analysis performed on finks are the time interval between the extreme field changes and occurrer1ce of shock in relation to the epicentral distances has given a time interval of ~ 30 hours for the very close shock.
Prospects of acid rain over India
Authors: NAND KRISHNA
Published: February 2022

pH data of monthly rainwater samples collected from 10 Background Air Pollution Monitoring Network stations in India alongwith the other published data regarding the precipitation chemistry and air pollution from different parts of India as well as from other parts of world have been studied for assessing the prospects of acid rain over India.

 

It has been found that pH values over unpolluted areas in India may be between 6 and 7 and lowering of pH to acidic values (less than 5.6) might be restricted close to highly industrialized cities only such as Bombay (pH 4.5) and the phenomenon of acid rain may not be of regional nature. Main reason for the above is acid-base neutralization reactions in presence of basic particulate matter.

 

Due to high level of suspended particulate matter over Agra of which & good fraction is expected to be of coarse mode, pH of rainwater over Agra is not expected to be. in the acidic range. It may also not change to acidic values after the commissioning of Mathura Refinery, since the expected increase in concentration of gaseous pollutants at Agra (specially SO2) is not large.
An agroclimatic approach to the assessment of tropical droughts
Authors: MOHAN H. S. RAM , STANISLAUS MARIA JULIET , VALSALA P.
Published: February 2022

Droughts have been a matter of serious concern to man since ancient times, and 55, The water balance even today they are an outstanding example of man's helplessness before nature's large-scale and formidable phenomena. To the meteorologist, drought is a rainless situation for an extended period of time during which some precipitation should have been normally received depending upon the geographical location of the region and season of the year. To the agriculturist, drought is a shortage of moisture availability for his crops while the hydrologist views it as being responsible for depression of surface and sub-surface water levels or decrease of stream flow.

 

Most of the concepts and definitions suggested in literature are based on techniques which either lack physical basis or are empirical. However, Thornthwaite for the first time suggested that water availability or its deficiency should always be considered in relation to the water need of the region taking into consideration the important role of soil moisture, for a rational understanding of droughts.

 

In this paper, the index of moisture adequacy (Ima)derived from water balance procedures, has been employed to categorize droughts from the agricultural and ecological point of view. Droughts of selected stations in the semi-arid zone of India have been analyzed.

 

However, more important than the delineation of drought years of various severities, is the assessment of the exact duration of drought spells. Selected drought spells were, therefore, analyzed critically by plotting the ratio of the departures of monthly indices of moisture adequacy (Ima) from the climatic normal, to the standard deviation of (Ima) for that month. This technique is found to be of great value in agricultural and ecological investigations as due weightage is given to the drought resistance and tolerance of crops which are adapted to the region. It also highlights the fact that the same amount of water deficiency during the various seasons of the year and at different stages of crop growth causes varying moisture stress. This is of special interest in tropical regions where it is the moisture factor that inhibits the growth of vegetation to its potential levels.
Nutrition and health care of human population in drought
Authors: DHARMARAJU P.
Published: February 2022

.
Dynamical parameters associate with medium range oscillations of summer monsoon rainfall over India
Authors: DE U. S. , SUNDARI G. , VAIDYA D. V. , PILLAI P. V. , DAS H. P. , RAO G. S. P.
Published: February 2022

Mean circulation patterns antecedent and simultaneous with spells of excess and deficient weekly rainfall over the major parts of the subcontinent have been studied. Strong southerly flow in the mean circulation occurs in the lower troposphere during spel1s of scanty or deficient rainfall, over most parts of the country with opposite type of meridional circulation during active spells. In the upper troposphere (300 mb) westerly flow regime protrudes southwards and extends almost along 25 deg. N during spells of scanty rainfall while during spells of excess or normal rainfall easterly regime prevails up to 30 deg. N over the country. The divergence and vorticity patterns indicate areas of divergence over extreme northeast and northwest India during deficient and scanty rainfall regime in the lower troposphere and areas of convergence over northwest India and east coast in the upper troposphere. The dynamical parameters and their utilisation for medium range forecasting of a drought in the summer monsoon season are discussed.
An analysis of trends in the rainfall and droughts occurring in the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon systems in the southern Peninsular India
Authors: KRISHNAN A.
Published: February 2022

A detailed climatic classification of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu States of southern Peninsular India which receive rainfall from both southwest and northeast monsoon has been made by using the data of all provincial raingauge stations in these States for the period 1901-75 and a comparison of the same is made with earlier classifications.

 

A comparison of the rainfall normals (1901-1950) with the rainfall amounts recorded at different stations in these States during 1951-1975 indicates that decreases in annual rainfall have occurred in the latter period for many regions in Tamil Nadu which receive rainfall predominently during northeast monsoon, whereas increases have occurred in Malnad area, coastal Karnataka and north Interior Karnataka which receive rainfall mostly during southwest monsoon. Maps showing differences between rainfall during these periods have been presented. Trends of annual rainfall as well as rainfall during principal seasons, viz., southwest monsoon, northeast monsoon and pre-monsoon thunderstorm season of typical stations in these regions have been studied and results discussed. Use of auto-regressive models for study of trends is discussed.
أساليب التفكير المفضلة لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة إقليم سبأ اليمنية وعلاقتها ببعض المتغيرات
Authors: د. محمد احمد علي قبقب
Published: February 2022

هدفت الدراسة إلى الكشف عن أساليب التفكير المفضَّلة لدى طلبة الدراسات العليا في جامعة إقليم سبأ اليمنية، وتم استخدام المنهج الوصفي التحليلي القائم على المسح الميداني، ولتحقيق أهدافها أعدَّ الباحث مقياسا وفق نظرية هاريسون وبراميسون (1982م) من (15) موقفًا، وكل موقف منها اشتمل على خمس فقرات؛ لتقيس كل فقرة أحد أساليب التفكير الخمسة (المثالي، والواقعي، والعملي، والتحليلي، والتركيبي) التي يتكون منها المقياس الكلي، وتكونت العينة من(80) طالبًا وطالبة من طلبة الدراسات العليا في كليتي التربية والآداب والعلوم، وعلوم الحاسوب وتقنية المعلومات في العام 2019/ 2020م ، وتوصَّلت الدراسة إلى عدة نتائج؛ من أهمها أنَّ ترتيب أسلوب التفكير الواقعي حصل على المرتبة الأولى في تقديرات الطلبة عن مدى تفضيلاتهم لأساليب التفكير، يليه أسلوب التفكير(التحليلي، فالعملي، ثم المثالي، وأخيرًا أسلوب التفكير التركيبي، كما كشفت النتائج عن عدم وجود فروق دالة احصائيًا تعزى لمتغيرات(النوع، والكلية، والقسم الأكاديمي) بشكل عام.وتضمنت الدراسة عددًا من الاستنتاجات والتوصيات والمقترحات.

AbstracThe study aimed at revealing the preferred thinking styles of graduate students at Sheba Region University. The descriptive analytic approach based on field surveys was followed in the study. To achieve the study objectives, the researcher prepared a scale of (15) domains according to the theory of Harrison and Bramson where each domain included (5) items. Each one of these items measured one of the five thinking styles (idealist, realist, pragmatist, analyst, and synthesist). The validity and reliability of the scale were verified by the known scientifically psychometric methods. The sample of the study consisted of (80) graduate students in the Faculty of Education, Arts and Sciences and the Faculty of Computer Science and Information Technology in the academic year of 2019/2020. The study concluded that the realistic thinking style ranks first in the students’ estimates of their preferences for thinking styles, followed by the analytical, practical, idealistic, and synthetic thinking styles respectively. The results also revealed that there are no statistically significant differences attributed to the variables of gender, college, and academic department.
دلالة الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(منْ) في القرآن الكريم
Authors: د. حسن محمد معافى  علي المهدلي
Published: February 2022

هذه دراسة نحوية موضوعية دلالية، هدفت إلى معرفة دلالة الاستثناء المنقطع بــ(مَنْ) الموصولية في القرآن الكريم، اعتمدتْ على المنهج الوصفي التحليلي الاستقرائي للآيات القرآنية موضوع الدراسة.حيثُ توصَّلتْ هذه الدراسة إلى أنَّ الاستثناء المنقطع هو ما كان المستثنى ليس جزءًا، ولا من جنس المستثنى منه، وتأتي فيه (إلا) بمعنى (لكنْ)، فيفيد الاستدراك، ولا يُفيدُ التخصيص، والمتصل ما كان عكسه. ودلالات استخدام الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(من) في القرآن الكريم، إذ تفيد من الاشتراك و العموم. فجمعتُ كل الآيات التي رَجَحَ فيها أنَّها استثناءات منقطعة، وما كان فيه خلاف لا راجح فيه تُرك، معتمدًا في تعيين ذلك على: إعراب النُّحاة، وأقوال المفسرين، وما دلَّ عليه سياق الآيات الكريمات. فقد ذكرتِ الدراسة أربع عشرة آية قرآنية جاء فيها الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(من) واضحًا جليًا، في توطئة ومبحثين، وخاتمة، مبيِّنا دلالة كل استثناء في موضوعه. وفي أثناء الدراسة ستتضح بعض الأمور عن الاستثناء المنقطع بــ(مَنْ)، من حيث معناه ودلالته الموضوعية والنحوية.وأوصت الدراسة بجملة من التوصيات من أهمها تبني دراسة بقية دلالات الاستثناء المنقطع بالاسم الموصول وغيره في آيات القرآن الكريم.وانتهت الدراسة بخاتمة بيَّنَتْ النتائج التي توصلت إليها، مع ثبت المصادر والمراجع.وحدوده تقتصر على آيات القرآن الكريم التي رَجَحَ فيها الاستثناء المنقطع بـ(مَنْ).

This study aimed at identifying the significance of interrupted exception using the Arabic relative pronoun man “who” in the Holy Qur’an. It used the descriptive analytic inductive approach. The study concluded that the excepted is not a part of the excepted from and it does not have its types in interrupted exception. In interrupted exception, villa “except“ means “but” which is used as an adversative and not an specifying. Connected exception is the opposite. The use of interrupted exception with man in Holy Qur’an indicates association and generality. The researcher collected all the verses in which it is likely that they are interrupted exceptions. Disputable verses were left. That was based on grammarians’ analyses (I’rab) and interpreters’ sayings, and on the indication of the verses’ context. The study presented fourteen Quranic verses in which the interrupted exception with man was clearly stated. The study was composed of an introduction, two sections, and a conclusion, where the indication of each exception was put under its topic. The study recommended studying other indications of interrupted ex
الشخصية القانونية للفرد في ظل التطورات الدولية
Authors: د. عبدالرحمن محمد مقبل عبد الحميد
Published: February 2022

يعد اكتساب الفرد للشخصية القانونية هي المكانة الطبيعية باعتبارها البوابة الرئيسة للوصول لحقوقه وحماية حرياته ومكتسباته، والتي تمكن الفرد من الحصول على مركزًا دوليًا وشخصًا من أشخاص القانون الدولي كنتيجة حتمية للتطورات الدولية المعاصرة، وغاية ومثلاً للمنظومة العالمية الحديثة الساعية لتكريس القيم الإنسانية في التعاملات الوطنية والدولية على حد سواء، ورغم اكتساب الفرد للشخصية القانونية التي مكنته ليصبح شخصًا من أشخاص القانون الدولي إلا أنََّّه لا يتمتع بالاختصاصات الدولية إلا على سبيل الاستثناء؛ ولذا فهو من الناحية القانونية في وضع يتدنى عن وضع الدولة باعتبارها أحد أشخاص القانون الدولي، ويسعى البحث إلى معرفة طبيعة ودرجة الشخصية القانونية التي اكتسبها الفرد.

Acquisition of legal personality by individuals is the natural position as the main gateway to accessing and protecting their freedoms and rights. This enables the individual to obtain an international status and to become a subject of international law as an inevitable result of contemporary international developments, and an optimal goal for the new global system that seeks to devote human values in both national and international dealings. Although the individual acquires the legal personality that enables him/her to become a subject of international law, he/she has the international competences only as an exception. Therefore, from a legal point of view, the individual is in a position below that of the state since a state is considered as an individual of international law. The research aimed at identifying the nature and degree of legal personality acquired by the individual.
القواعد الدستورية في صلح الحديبية في ضوء قواعد السياسة الشرعية والقانون العام الداخلي دراسة تحليلية.
Authors: د.محمد حمود نعمان القدسي
Published: February 2022

هدفت هذه الدراسة إلى إظهار القواعد الدستورية التي تضمنها صلح الحديبة سواء أكانت تلك القواعد قواعد دستورية أساسية، أم في باب الحقوق والحريات، وقد استخدم الباحث منهجين من مناهج البحث العلمي، المنهج التاريخي في تتبع الروايات الواردة في الصلح من صحاح السنة وكتب التفسير والسير والتاريخ والمغازي، والمنهج التحليلي من خلال دراسة تلك الروايات من مصادرها الأصلية وتحليليها وتفسيرها واستنباط ما تضمنته من قواعد في ضوء قواعد السياسة الشرعية والقانون العام الداخلي، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى أنَّ الصلح قد اشتمل على العديد من القواعد الدستورية المهمة والمتمثلة بمبدأ المشروعية، ومبدأ الشورى، والأخذ برأي الأغلبية، وكذا حرية العقيدة، وحرية التعبير، وحقوق المرأة السياسية، والتي كانت ولا تزال قيمًا إسلامية سامية تمثل الأساس المتين، والنهج القويم في بناء الدولة المسلمة في زمن الرسول  وبعده في الوقت التي كانت المجتمعات غير المسلمة ترسف تحت وطأة من التسلط والاستفراد والتجبر، وكان فيه قول الحاكم الذي لا يعلو عليه قول هو القانون الواجب النفاذ في مواجهة الجميع، وبالمقابل فإنَّ الشعوب غير المسلمة لم تصل إلى إقرار تلك القواعد إلا بعد كفاح طويل، ومع ذلك فلا يزال الأمر غير مستقر، بخلاف الأمر في النظام الإسلامي فقد اتضحت معالمه وبانت حدوده، وتجلت أحكامه مع ظهور الدولة المسلمة في زمن النبي  وبنصوص صحيحة صريحة، وهذا دليلٌ واضح أنَّ الدولة المسلمة وليدة القانون الإسلامي وصنيعته.

This study aimed at exhibiting the constitutional rules included in the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. It also investigated whether these rules are fundamental constitutional rules, or just items in the section of rights and freedom. The historical and the analytical approaches were adopted in this study. The historical approach is used to track the narrations introduced in Sihah books (the Six Canonical Books of Hadith), Tafsir books, Seerah, history, and Maghazi. The research also used the analytical approach to study and analyze these narrations from their original sources. It is also used to interpret such narrations and deduce their inclusion of the rules in the light of the rules of Islamic legal politics and internal common law. The study concluded that the Treaty included many important constitutional rules, namely the principle of legitimacy, the principle of shura, and the majority opinion taking, as well as freedom of belief, freedom of expression, and women’s political rights. All those have been high Islamic values that represent the solid and strong foundation of building the Muslim State in the time of the Prophet and what followed. At that time, non-Muslim societies were being burdened by domination, isolation and tyranny, and the ruler’s word was the one to be heard and obeyed and the law to be enforced. Non-Muslim people reached the adoption of those rules after a long struggle and that adoption remained unstable in their societies. In the case of the Islamic administration, however, it has become clear and its borders have been defined, with the emergence of the Muslim state in the time of the Prophet in explicitly correct texts. Therefore, it is quite clear that the Muslim State is the product of Islamic Law and its creation.