bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The prognostic role of inflammatory markers in COVID 19 patients – A retrospective analysis.
Authors: Gopalakrishnan Shivkumar , kandasamy sangeetha , S.Malini  , Mohamed S.Peer , k.velmurugan
Published: December 2021

Background. Approximately 5% of COVID-19 patients suffer near fatal disease. Clinical and radiologic features may predict severe disease albeit with limited specificity and radiation hazard. Laboratory biomarkers are eyed as simple, specific and point of care triage tools to optimize management decisions.This study aimed to study the role of inflammatory markers in prognosticating COVID-19 patients.Methodology. A hospital based retrospective study was conducted on COVID-19 adult inpatients classified into three groups as mild disease-recovered [Group I], severe disease-recovered [Group II] and dead [Group III]. Categorical outcomes were compared using Chi square test. Univariate binary logistic regression analysis was performed to test the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. Unadjusted OR along with 95% CI was calculated. The utility of lab parameters (Ferritin, LDH, D dimer, N/L ratio and PLT/L ratio) in predicting severity of COVID-19 was assessed by Receiver Operative Curve (ROC) analysis. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results. The mean age was 49.32 +/- 17.1 years. Among study population, 378 were Group I, 66 Group II, and 56 Group III. Median levels of Ferritin among the 3 groups were 62ng/mL, 388.50 ng/mL and 1199.50 ng/mL. Median value of LDH were 95U/L, 720 and 982.50(p <0.001). D-dimer values of 3 groups were 23.20ng/mL, 104.30 ng/mL and 197.10 ng/mL (p <0.001). CRP done qualitatively was positive in 2 (0.53%), 30 (45.45%) and 53 (94.64%) of patients. The odds of patients suffering severe COVID-19 rose with rising values of ferritin, LDH and D-dimer [unadjusted OR 1.007, 1.004 &1.020]Conclusion. One time measurement of serum ferritin, LDH, D-dimer and CRP is promising to predict outcomes for COVID 19 inpatients. Single qualitative CRP was equally good but more cost effective than quantitative CRP. The most specific combination was NLR, Lymphocyte percentage and D-dimer levels done between 7th – 10th day of symptoms.
On the Development of an Information System for Monitoring User Opinion and its Role for the Public
Authors: Karyukin Vladislav , Mutanov Galimkair , Mamykova Zhanl , Nassimova Gulnar , Torekul Saule , Sundetova Zhanerke , Negri Matteo
Published: December 2021

Social media services and analytics platforms are rapidly growing. A large number of various events happen mostly every day, and the role of social media monitoring tools is also increasing. Social networks are widely used for managing and promoting brands and different services. Thus, most popular social analytics platforms aim for business purposes while monitoring various social, economic, and political problems remains underrepresented and not covered by thorough research. Moreover, most of them focus on resource-rich languages such as the English language, whereas texts and comments in other low-resource languages such as the Russian and Kazakh languages in social media are not represented well enough. So, this work is devoted to developing and applying the information system called the OMSystem for analyzing users’ opinions on news portals, blogs, and social networks in Kazakhstan. The system uses sentiment dictionaries of the Russian and Kazakh languages and machine learning algorithms to determine the sentiment of social media texts. The whole structure and functionalities of the system are also presented. In the experimental part, the system’s monitoring of the healthcare, political and social aspects of the most relevant topics connected with the vaccination against the coronavirus disease are thoroughly observed and analyzed. The analysis allowed discovering the public social mood in the cities of Almaty and Nur-Sultan and other large regional cities of Kazakhstan. The system’s study included two extensive periods: 10-01-2021 to 30-05-2021 and 01-07-2021 to 12-08-2021. In the obtained results, people’s mood and attitude to the Government’s policies and actions were studied by such social network indicators as the level of topic discussion activity in society, the level of interest in the topic in society, and the mood level of society. These indicators calculated by the OMSystem allowed careful identification of alarming factors of the public (negative attitude to the government regulations, vaccination policies, trust to vaccination, etc.) and assessment of the social mood.
COVID-19 vaccination uptake strongly predicts averted deaths of older people across Europe
Authors: Mattiuzzi Camilla , Henry Brandon M. , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: December 2021

Background: Nationwide COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019) vaccination campaigns have been effective to avert as many as 51% deaths in people aged ≥60 years in the European region between December 2020 and November 2021, though broad heterogeneity has been observed in the percentage of averted deaths across the different European countries. Methods: We downloaded data of vaccine uptake and efficacy into an Excel Worksheet, and we then performed univariate (Spearman’s correlation) and multivariate (multiple linear regression analysis) correlations.Results: A significant linear association was found between the percentage of averted deaths of older people and percentage of vaccine uptake in each corresponding European country (Spearman’s correlation: r=0.872; p<0.001), though such relationship was even better fitted by using an exponential curve (r=0.881; p<0.001). In multiple linear regression analysis, the percentage of deaths averted by COVID-19 vaccination remained independently associated with vaccine uptake (p<0.001), but not with the type of vaccine administered (p=0.264).Conclusions: The results of analysis support the foremost importance of reinforcing nationwide COVID-19 vaccination campaigns, especially in those countries where vaccination programmes have been less successful.
Screening for hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials comparing screening methodologies
Authors: O'Connell James
Published: December 2021

BackgroundHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the 5th most prevalent cancer and the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. HCC is often asymptomatic until an advanced stage. Current guidelines recommend ultrasound surveillance with or without measurement of serum alpha-fetoprotein. Our objective was to determine if screening for HCC is beneficial or harmful in patients with chronic liver disease. Primary outcomes were all-cause mortality and quality of life. Secondary outcomes were mortality due to HCC, the number of cases of HCC detected and adverse events.MethodsThis is a systematic review and meta-analysis of data from randomized controlled trials. To be included trials had to randomize patients to either an HCC screening group or non-screening group, randomize patients to different screening frequencies or randomize patients to different screening methods. All published reports of randomized trials on screening for HCC were eligible for inclusion, irrespective of the language of publication. Studies had to include patients with chronic liver disease. Data extraction and analysis were performed independently by two reviewers.ResultsWhen screening with six-monthly alpha-fetoprotein and ultrasound abdomen was compared to no screening there was no evidence of difference in HCC related mortality when adjusted for clustering across a range of intracluster correlation coefficients (Intracluster coefficient (ICC) 0.02, odds ratio (OR) 0.60, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.31-1.15). Screening with six-monthly alpha-fetoprotein when compared to a single alpha-fetoprotein check did not result in a statistically significant difference in all-cause mortality (OR 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.65-1.60), mortality due to HCC (OR 1.01, 95% CI 0.57-1.78) or the number of HCC detected (OR 1.11 95% CI 0.64-1.92). There was no evidence of difference in all-cause mortality (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.26-2.53), mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma (OR 0.81, 95% CI 0.26-2.53) or the number of patients with HCC detected (OR 1.09 95% CI 0.40-2.99) when twice-a-year ultrasound was compared with annual CT. There was no statistically significant difference when screening more frequently was compared to less frequently in terms of all-cause mortality (OR 0.86, 95% CI 0.56-1.32), mortality due to hepatocellular carcinoma (OR 1.42, 95% CI 0.55-3.64) and the number of cases of hepatocellular carcinoma detected (OR 0.90 95% CI 0.47-1.71).ConclusionsThere is currently insufficient evidence from randomized controlled trials to support the routine screening for HCC in patients with chronic liver disease.
Roaming Dogs in Ushuaia City, Tierra Del Fuego, Argentina. How Many and Why
Authors: Arona Emiliano , Schiavini Adrián
Published: December 2021

Free roaming dogs (FRD) in cities represent an increasing problem. Authorities need numbers of FRDs to evaluate policies implemented and to monitor the dog population. We estimated the number of FRD in Ushuaia city, Argentina, using a photographic capture-recapture methodology. We estimated an abundance index, the power to detect changes in the index, and modeled factors that may explain the spatial distribution of FRD and their welfare status. During three surveys, covering 72 transects along streets (9.9% of the street layout of Ushuaia), we recorded 539 different FRDs. A model with individual heterogeneity in capture-recapture probability gave 12,797 FRDs (95% CI 10,979 − 15,323), reflecting a dog:human relation of 1:6, higher than the relation recommended by the WHO. The abundance index was similar between surveys (8.13 ± 1.36, 8.38 ± 1.46 and 9.55 ± 1.28 dogs/km). The difference needed to detect changes in the index is about twice the standard error of estimates. The best model explaining dogs’ abundance included only geographical location, although two neighbourhoods with 9 transects stand out with 181 different FRDs identified. Together with the good overall dogs’ welfare status, modeling suggests that the behavior of owners is the main driver for the presence of FRDs. We recommend the use of photographic capture-recapture methodologies instead of simple index estimation, due to the small additional effort required and the improved accuracy and precision obtained. We also recommend a permanent systematic design for future surveys, increase the number of survey occasions, and improve the survey process.
Peculiar Histopathological Alterations of Enterocytes in a Patient Co-infected with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 and Mycobacterium Tuberculosis: A Case Study
Authors: AL-Zaidi Rana , AL-Noor Nasir , Habbash Adel
Published: December 2021

The ongoing novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is principally defined by its respiratory symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can affect the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and although the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is understood, the exact pathological alterations following infection require further investigation. Here, we report our histopathological findings from a right hemicolectomy specimen from a patient coinfected with COVID-19 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Our observations showed that the novel SARS-CoV-2 can affect the GIT, causing epithelial injury and pathological alterations attributed to its ability to infect absorptive enterocytes by interacting with the angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE2) receptor. These pathological findings are regarded as viral cytopathic changes and should be considered when evaluating gastrointestinal specimens from COVID-19-infected patients.
Policy Uncertainty, Economic Activity And Carbon Emissions: A Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag Approach
Authors: Ashena Malihe , Shahpari Ghazal
Published: December 2021

Over the last few years, economic uncertainty has become a global concern. Not only has its impact on economic activities, but there are pieces of evidence that show uncertainty can be the reason for CO2 emissions. It is also expected that the economic policy uncertainty may decrease or delay economic production, which may lead to a reduction in carbon emissions. Furthermore, uncertainty may decrease friendly environment policies and budgets, which cause increase in carbon emissions. Thus, there may be an asymmetric relationship between economic uncertainty and the amount of CO2 emissions. This study investigates the effects of economic policy uncertainty and economic activity on carbon emission applying a Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributive Lag (NARDL) cointegration approach in Iran between 1971 and 2018. Findings show that both policy uncertainty and economic growth contribute to CO2 emissions. The negative and positive shocks of GDP and uncertainty index on CO2 emissions in both the short-run and long-run are significant. It can be concluded that there is an asymmetric effect of economic production on CO2 emissions in Iran. The results of analyzing asymmetric effects of economic uncertainty show a symmetric relationship between uncertainty index and CO2 emissions. In a way that a shock in uncertainty index lowers carbon emission. To sum up, since uncertainty may affect the analysis of carbon emissions incorrectly, some environmental policies such as allocating a budget for R&D on clean energy, and environmental taxes must be implemented.
GLRX5 as a Differential Diagnosis Marker for Kashin-Beck Disease and Osteoarthritis and Its Clinical Significance
Authors: Wang Qinglong , Zhao Zhe , Wang Wantao , Huang Zhipeng , Wang Wenbo
Published: December 2021

Background: Kashin-Beck disease (KBD) is currently an endemic form of osteoarthritis. In this study, we explored novel KBD diagnostic biomarkers.Methods: The GSE59446 dataset was used to conduct Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) analysis with peripheral blood samples of 100 healthy individuals and 100 KBD patients. As part of the gene ontology pathway enrichment analysis, genes related to SONFH and DEGs were selected from the extraction module. Then, central DEGs were selected for LASSO analysis, and, based on SVM-RFE and DEG results, overlapping genes were identified as key KBD genes. Next, we analyzed the correlations between the selected genes and age, gender, and other factors to eliminate their influences on gene expression. Finally, we evaluated the diagnostic value of key KBD genes using case information collected by us.Results: Seven gene co-expression modules were created using WGCNA. The turquoise module was identified as a KBD key module since it showed the highest correlation to KBD. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the genes associated with this key module were mainly involved in mitochondrial reactions, protein heterooligomerization, and negatively regulating cysteine-type endopeptidase-dependent apoptotic processes. Additionally, 12 key genes were identified using the LASSO analysis, 5 major genes using SVM-RFE analysis, and 36 DEGs were screened through the "limma" R package. The GLRX5 gene - pivotal in DEGs, LASSO, and SVM-RFE - was further aggregated as the key KBD gene. Correlation analyses confirmed the GLRX5 diagnostic value for KBD and that it was not related to age, gender, and other factors. Finally, data from our patients demonstrated that GLRX5 can be a KBD diagnostic biomarker.Conclusions: We demonstrated that the target gene GLRX5 can be a KBD non-invasive diagnosis biomarker.
A Novel Framework for Urban Flood Damage Assessment
Authors: Yavari Fatemeh , Neyshabouri Seyyed Ali Akbar Salehi , Yazdi Jafar , molajou amir
Published: December 2021

The study of non-stationary effects of hydrological time series and land-use changes in urban areas is essential to predict future floods and their probable damage. In the current study, a novel method was proposed for analyzing their simultaneous impact. For this purpose, rainfall frequency and land-use changes analyses were conducted for two different long-term periods, and the results were compared. Then, hydrologic modeling of the catchment was carried out using the HEC-HMS model, and obtained hydrographs were fed to the HEC-RAS2D model for estimating flood inundation areas. Using the economic information of assets and their damage functions, flood damages related to these two periods were evaluated through the HEC-FIA model. The results indicated that in the low return periods (e.g., 2-year flood), the damage in the second period was increased with respect to the first one but increased for the return periods of 5 to 100 years. Furthermore, surface runoff showed a 4.65% increase due to land-use change and a 12% increase due to rainfall non-stationarity. Moreover, flood damage showed a 136% increase on average, and among the two studied factors, the non-stationarity of rainfalls is considerably more effective on flood intensification.
Beethoven und Mozart als Helden der Jugend?
Authors: Flechsig Amrei
Published: December 2021

Artikelbeginn:[English title and abstract below]
Детская литература как одно из средств пропаганды сталинизма способствовала господству номенклатуры, относительно длительному сохранению тех форм общества и государства, которые сложились после »термидора« 1929 года.
[Die Kinderliteratur als eines der Propagandamittel des Stalinismus trug zur Herrschaft der Nomenklatura und zur relativ langen Erhaltung derjenigen Gesellschafts und Staatsformen bei, die nach dem »Thermidor« von 1929 entstanden waren.](Fateev 2007, S. 300)
Wie Andrej Fateev in dieser Aussage als eines der Ergebnisse seiner Studie zu Kinderliteratur und Stalinismus konstatiert, hatte die Literatur für Kinder und Jugendliche in der Sowjetunion ein besonderes Gewicht als Propagandainstrument. Nachvollziehbar wird dies nicht nur an dem Aufkommen neuer Themen und Inhalte in der Jugendliteratur, sondern vor allem auch an der breiten Diskussion und der Gründung neuer Institutionen.
Beethoven and Mozart as Heroes for the Young?Composer Biographies in Soviet Youth Literature
Starting with a discussion of the development of children’s and youth literature in the Soviet Union and its integration into ideological educational systems, this article then looks at a specific field of interest: composer biographies for a young readership published between the 1930s and the late 1960s. In general, in the Soviet Union, the medium of biography was seen as having potential for heroic historiography in the socialist sense, and one which could provide role models and concrete images of thought formulated in Marxist-Leninist terms. The widespread distribution of biographies for young readers in the course of intensified ideological educational work in the Soviet Union contrasts greatly to the situation in the Federal Republic of Germany where after 1945, as a reaction to the ideologisation and portrayal of heroes under National Socialism, biographies were quasi taboo. But how do composers become heroes of books for children and young adults? Mozart and Beethoven are particularly suitable examples, since their biographies have been subject to a long tradition of heroisation and reinterpretation. These composers were also assigned new attributes in the Soviet Union: Beethoven was elevated to the status of an exemplary revolutionary and Mozart likewise to that of a fighter for freedom and against feudalistic oppression.
Tuberculosis Incidence among Migrant Workers in Russia
Authors: Tsybikovа E. B. , Gаdirovа M. E. , Midorenko D. A.
Published: November 2021

The objective of the study: to study tuberculosis incidence in migrant workers in Russia from 2010 to 2019.Subjects and Methods: data from Federal Statistical Surveillance Forms No. 8 and 33 for 2010-2019, Federal Migration Service data on the number of migrant workers, and Rosstat data on the population of Russia. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for data analysis.Results. Over the past 10 years in Russia, the steadily decreasing tuberculosis incidence in the permanent population has had no direct impact on the spread of tuberculosis among migrant workers. The high incidence of tuberculosis among migrant workers which is many times higher than the one in the permanent population and reaches its maximum in the youngest age groups (18-24 and 25-34 years old), poses a serious threat to the infection control in the permanent population of Russia.
The Physical and Mechanical Properties of Corn-based Bioplastic Films with Different Starch and Glycerol Content
Authors:   Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia, Nasir Nur Nadia , Othman Siti Amira ,   Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia
Published: December 2021

Petroleum-based plastics have had a long history with varied materials and applications. However, the major drawback with these plastics is their harmful impact on the environment. Poor disposal management of these plastics have ultimately affected humans. Therefore, starch-based bioplastics have been widely used because of their renewability, sustainability and cost-effectiveness. This work investigated the effect of different concentrations of corn starch (10%, 15%, and 20% w/w of distilled water) and glycerol (20%, 30%, and 40% w/v of corn starch) on the properties of corn-based bioplastic films. Particularly, mechanical (tensile strength, Young’s modulus and elongation at break) and physical (water absorption rate and moisture content) properties were investigated. These films were prepared by the solvent casting method. It was demonstrated that the addition of 30% glycerol produced mechanical properties closest to the standard value, while films with a composition of 15% of corn starch had the most optimised value. Meanwhile, 20% glycerol and 20% corn starch produced a film with high strength and stiffness but lacked flexibility. Higher concentrations of starch and glycerol produced the highest moisture and water absorption rate. This was due to the highly hydrophilic nature of both corn starch and glycerol. However, the concentration of glycerol needs to be adjusted based on the intended use of the film. In conclusion, the concentration of corn starch and glycerol produced slightly different outcomes. Thus, the properties and application of the cornbased bioplastic films can be maximised by optimising the concentration of corn starch and glycerol.
The relationship between hydrogen and its application in wind energy: A systematic review
Authors: Noronha Matheus Eurico Soares de , Melo André Themoteo da Silva
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to map papers about the use of hydrogen as a fuel and its association with wind energy under siege in two databases (Web of Science and Scopus) to provide insights about this topic and verify its current context. This study was a systematic literature review and content analysis of 87 papers from Web of Science and Scopus database. The papers were analyzed from descriptive, bibliographic, methodologic, results and citation characteristics. The publications about this theme have been mostly developed using mixed research models (quantitative and qualitative), especially due to the need to validate these experimental models for practical application, can be classified into four central clusters: 1) Green hydrogen; 2) Economic Viability and Costs; 3) New Technologies; and 4) Public Policies and Case Studies, with different focuses that converging to the same objective, the use of hydrogen as an ecologically correct and profitable fuel to serve the energy production system from wind plants. From the results obtained, it is observed that the use of hydrogen as a fuel, and wind energy, are themes that have been relatively significant in recent years within the environment of industrial innovation, presenting an eclecticism, where several countries in a pulverized form are increasingly seeking invest in these technologies, which is expressed through the substantial growth in the number of papers published about these themes since 2000s.
GHZ-like states in the Qubit-Qudit Rabi model
Authors: Shen Yuan , Marchegiani Giampiero , Catelani Gianluigi , Amico Luigi , Liu Ai Qun , Fan Weijun , Kwek Leong Chuan
Published: December 2021

We study a Rabi type Hamiltonian system in which a qubit and a
dd-level
quantum system (qudit) are coupled through a common resonator. In the
weak and strong coupling limits the spectrum is analysed through
suitable perturbative schemes. The analysis show that the presence of
the multilevels of the qudit effectively enhance the qubit-qudit
interaction. The ground state of the strongly coupled system is found to
be of Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) type. Therefore, despite the
qubit-qudit strong coupling, the nature of the specific tripartite
entanglement of the GHZ state suppresses the bipartite entanglement. We
analyze the system dynamics under quenching and adiabatic switching of
the qubit-resonator and qudit-resonator couplings. In the quench case,
we found that the non-adiabatic generation of photons in the resonator
is enhanced by the number of levels in the qudit. The adiabatic control
represents a possible route for preparation of GHZ states. Our analysis
provides relevant information for future studies on coherent state
transfer in qubit-qudit systems.
SEEDLING EMERGENCE STABILITY OF BAMBARA GROUNDNUT [VIGNASUBTERRANEA L. (VERDC.)] UNDER SAVANNA AND HUMID RAIN FOREST AREAS CONDITIONS DURING TWO CROPPING SEASONS IN COTEDIVOIRE
Authors:   Universitede Man, UFR Ingenierie Agronomique, Forestiereet Environnemale. BP 20 Man, Republique de Cote dIvoire., Yaya Toure , Brahima Andre Soumahoro ,   EcoleNormaleSuperieuredAbidjan, 08 BP 10 Abidjan 08, Republique de Cote dIvoire., Tchoa Kone ,   UniversiteNanguiAbrogoua, UFR Sciences de la Nature. 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Republique de Cote dIvoire., Mongomake Kone ,   UniversiteNanguiAbrogoua, UFR Sciences de la Nature. 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Republique de Cote dIvoire.
Published: December 2021

The yield of Bambara groundnut [Vignasubterranea L. (Verdc.)] is extremely low and unpredictable. Erratic yields have been attributed, at least in part, to variable or poor field establishment due to seedling emergence. The aim of this study wasto evaluate under field conditions, the effects of genotype and environment on seedling emergence in Bambara groundnut. Field experiment was conducted with 15 landraces in Northern and Southern regions of Cote dIvoire. A randomized complete block design with five replications was used in each environment. Estimated variables included number of day for emergence (DFE), mean emergence time (MET), emergence index (EI), time to 50% emergence (T50) and seedling emergence percentage (EP). Analysis of variance revealed significant (P < 0.05) differences between genotypes, locations and the interaction genotype x location for all traits studied. Location x year x genotype interactions were only significant for DFE, EI and EP.The highest DFE and T50 and MET were observed with the genotype Ci7. The least DFE, MET and T50 were obtained with genotypes Ci1, Ci2, Ci10, Ci11, Ci12, Ci13 and Ci22. Highest seedling emergence percentage was recorded with genotype Ci15 (93.29%) in Korhogo and Ci4 in Korhogo (90.85%) and Abidjan (89.59 %). Lowest EP was observed with the genotype Ci3 (42.33%).Correlations indicated that genotype with higher emergence percentage, emerged faster (low DFE, MET, T50) and exhibited higher emergence index (EI). AMMI analysis showed that Ci1, Ci4, Ci7, Ci11, Ci14 and Ci15 were the ideal genotypes because they expressed high and stable EP.
Overview of the Russian market of herbal products
Authors: Safonova Natalia V. , Trofimova Elena O.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. In the Russian pharmaceutical market, there is the following situation: herbal medicinal products (HMP) and dietary supplements based on plant raw materials (DS) have similar compositions, dosage forms and scope of application. They’re often considered analogues by consumers and specialists, which indicates the existence of common market for these products.

Research aim is to investigate the state and development trends of the Russian HMP and DS market, assessing positions of foreign and domestic companies and general prospects for this market as well.

Methodology. The study was conducted using IQVIA retail audit database, official sources of information on HMP and DS registration. In the market analysis the products were classified depending on the scope of application, composition and preparation methods, and dosage forms as well.

Results. In 2020 pharmacy of HMP and DS sales amounted to 435.4 million units valued at 51.3 billion rubles in wholesale prices. Beginning with 2016, the average annual growth rate corresponded to 4.2%, in value terms. However, in volume terms, the sales were reduced in the average by 3.4% per year (due to cheap domestic medicines). The main part of the entire market comprises HMP (80% in units and 74% in value terms in 2020). The products, affecting respiratory system, genitourinary sphere, and digestion, provide more than three-quarters of all sales in value terms. More than half of the market is occupied by total extractive drugs. Solid dosage forms (tablets and capsules) account for half of the sales, plant raw materials and fees constitute more than one third. In 2020, Russian companies provided 28% of the sales of HMP and 67% of DS in value terms. In the context of the main segments, the market structure in 2016-2020 remained fairly stable.

Conclusion. In the future, the market dynamics in value terms will be determined considering by household income and the epidemiological situation. In units, HMP sales will continue to decline through the unprofitable positions of the traditional domestic drug assortment. The increasing strictness of legislation requirements for the market of dietary supplements may contribute to investment in the development of HMP that are competitive to foreign products in terms of quality and consumer characteristics.
Possibilities of correction of post viral other dysfunction in the application of COVID-19
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Baryshevskaya L. A. , Kurenkov A. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. One of the characteristic manifestations of COVID-19 is a disorder of smell, which, according to the literature, occurs in 61.2% - 85.6% of patients with COVID-19. The article discusses the problems of post-viral dysosmia in COVID-19 convalescents. Purpose of the study. Evaluation of olfactory disorders in patients after coronavirus infection and the possibility of obtaining additional benefits from prescribing bioregulatory medicine drugs.

Materials and methods. The assessment of the severity of olfactory disorders in patients, taking into account the age according to self-assessment data using a visual analogue scale, as well as an objective assessment of odor identification using the Sniffin ‘Sticks Screening 12 Test. The possibility of increasing the efficiency of recovery of olfactory disorders by prescribing complex preparations of bioregulatory therapy (main group) was studied.

Results. The percentage of persons who fully restored the olfactory function in the main group was 56.5%, while in the patients of the control group only in 6.6%. Faster (on the 7th day) dynamics of identification testing using SST-12 in patients taking complex preparations of bioregulation therapy was noted. On the 3rd day of therapy, there was a significant decrease in anxiety in patients treated with bioregulatory drugs.

Discussion. The conducted study objectively confirmed that the olfactory disorder is present in the vast majority of patients with ARS. The appointment of bioregulatory therapy contributes to the early restoration of the olfactory function.

Conclusions. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that it is advisable to use bioregulatory drugs.
Efficacy of azoximer bromide in the treatment of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia
Authors: Zyryanov S. K. , Butranova O. I. , Ershov A. V. , Manasova Z. Sh.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The high incidence of community-acquired pneumonia and the high complication rates in the cases of severe pneumonia actualize the search for new pharmacotherapy tools to improve the effectiveness of standard patient management regimens. A high level of severe inflammatory response underlies the high risk for developing septic complications of pneumonia, along with impaired immune responses.

The aimis to evaluate the efficacy of azoximer bromide introduction in the combination therapy regimen for hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia.

Materials and methods. A prospective, open label, parallel group, randomized study comparing the efficacy of azoximer bromide introduction in the combination therapy of hospitalized patients with moderate to severe community-acquired pneumonia was conducted at the premises of Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Reanimatology and Rehabilitation. 30 patients were included in the study group and 37 patients in the comparator group. The baseline characteristics were comparable in both groups. Results. The azoximer bromide introduction in the combination therapy of patients with community-acquired pneumonia led to a statistically significant reduction in the duration of hospital stay (Me (LQ; HQ): 9 (8; 10) days for the study group and 13 (10; 14) days for the comparator group, (p = 0.000078), duration of ICU stay (Me (LQ; HQ) 2 days (1.5; 2.5) and 5 days (5.0; 6.0), respectively, (p = 0.00001), the duration of febrile fever 5 (± 0.6) days versus 10 (± 1.2) days (p = 0.0000), the incidence of acute respiratory failure (13.33% in group 1 versus 37.84% in group 2, p = 0.024) and septic shock (10% in group 1 versus 32.43% in group 2, p = 0.0285).

Conclusions. The azoximer bromide introduction in the standard therapy regimen for patients with community-acquired pneumonia allowed to reduce the duration of hospital stay, the duration of ICU stay, the length of febrile fever, the incidence of septic shock and respiratory failure. The possible mechanisms of action may include a reduction of the severe inflammatory reactions and an optimization of the patient's immune response to the infectious process.
Complex treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses at the present time
Authors: Svistushkin V. M. , Eremeeva K. V.
Published: December 2021

The search for rational treatment of diseases of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is due to the high incidence among the world's population. Despite the absolutely clear recommendations that would seem to greatly facilitate the choice and scope of therapy, it is extremely important to have a differentiated approach to each patient, depending on age, concomitant pathology, the nature of the course of the disease, the severity of clinical, primarily pain symptoms, and the presence of rhinogenic complications. Differential diagnosis of viral and bacterial acute rhinosinusitis (ARS) allows to avoid unreasonable prescription of antibiotics in the former case and choose therapy in such a way as to help relieve clinical symptoms, timely cure the disease and prevent complications. A systematic review of the literature was conducted with the analysis of scientific research data on the evaluation of the effectiveness of protargol or silver proteinate in the local treatment of upper respiratory tract diseases. A review of studies shows that silver proteinate has astringent, antiseptic and anti-inflammatory effects. The spectrum of antimicrobial action of silver is much wider than many antibiotics and sulfonamides. At the same time, pathogenic microflora is more sensitive to silver ions than non-pathogenic microflora. The analysis of the works also demonstrates the absence of adverse reactions when using this drug. The obtained data allow us to recommend preparations based on silver proteinate as a complex therapy for acute and chronic diseases of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx. The vasoconstrictive effect of protargol allows it to be used as an alternative to decongestants in order to avoid the development of drug-induced rhinitis and tachyphylaxis. Sialor® is a new, convenient, affordable, longer-shelf-life form of silver proteinate.
Features of the use of topical preparations of framycetin sulfate in the treatment of rhinosinusitis
Authors: Eremin S. A. , Dyakov I. M. , Pavlova S. S.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. But despite their predominantly viral nature, the activation of their own microflora occurring during the disease, the addition of pathogenic and the associated risks of rhinogenic complications lead to the widespread use of antibacterial therapy for this pathology. Local antiseptics, such as framycetin sulfate in the form of nasal spray, play an important role in the multicomponent structure of rhinosinusitis therapy.

The aim of the studywas to evaluate the effect of an aerosol preparation of framycetin sulfate of domestic and imported production on the activity of the atrial fibrillation of the nasal cavity as topical antibacterial therapy in acute rhinosinusitis.

Materials and methods. The study included 30 adult patients diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis. The patients were randomized into 2 equal groups and received standard therapy for this disease, according to clinical recommendations. The differences in the groups concerned only topical antibacterial therapy. The 1st experimental group used a drug of domestic production, the 2nd group - a control group, used an imported framycetin spray.

Results. Data were obtained not only comparing the clinical picture depending on the treatment, but also information about the effect of the drug on the activity of the atrial epithelium of the nasal cavity, the distribution of the substance in the nasal cavity, and even considered the structural differences of the vials that affect the distribution of the drug during injection. Conclusion. Topical antibacterial therapy with framycetin sulphate is an effective method in complex treatment of acute rhinosinusitis. Innovative technologies for the creation of an aerosol of framicetin solution allow to achieve stable dosage of the drug during use.
Systemic antibiotic therapy of patients with acute bacterial sinusitis taking into account resistance
Authors: Starostina S. V. , Sivokhin D. A.
Published: December 2021

Acute rhinosinusitis is one of the most common diseases in the world. According to statistics, about 10 million cases are registered in Russia every year.

Acute bacterial rhinosinusitis (ABRS) in most cases develops as a result of an acute respiratory viral disease, proceeds easily and it does not require antibiotic therapy. However, it significantly reduces the patient's quality of life in cases of moderate and severe disease, and in the absence of timely treatment, can lead to intracranial complications (meningitis, encephalitis, intracranial abscesses, etc.) and orbital (reactive edema of the eyelid, phlegmon of the orbit, periorbital abscesses, etc.). To avoid complications, with exacerbation of rhinosinusitis, it is necessary to choose the right antibiotic therapy, taking into account the resistance of the microorganisms that caused the disease.

The article describes the differential diagnosticprinciples of bacterial rhinosinusitis according to the latest recommendations and research in this area, the most common antibiotic-resistant pathogens in the practice of an ENT doctor are presented, the issue of choosing the correct systemic antibiotic therapy for the treatment of patients with moderate and severe acute bacterial rhinosinusitis is considered according to modern data on the sensitivity of bacterial pathogens to antibacterial drugs prescribed in the otorhinolaryngologist's practice. The article presents data on a new universal cephalosporin of the 3rd generation (the active ingredient is cefditoren), as a second- and third-line drug, due to its high activity against most causative agents of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis, and clinical observation using the above antibacterial agent within the framework of the considered topics.
Rhinological tactics in the complex treatment of patients with severe combined cranio-facial trauma who are on mechanical ventilation
Authors: Dvorianchikov V. V. , Yanov Yu. K. , Nakatis Ya. A. , Isachenko V. S. , Ilyasov D. M. , Gofman V. R. , Vinichenko K. V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. In recent years, injuries ranked fourth among the main causes of death of the population after diseases of the cardiovascular system, malignant neoplasms and infectious diseases. The clinical course of associated injuries, as a rule, is characterized by a high number of complications, much more than in isolated injuries.

Objective. Explore approaches to improving otorynolaryngological tactics from the standpoint of normalizing the functional state of the nasal mucosa, as well as increasing the effectiveness of treatment of patients with severe concomitant trauma on prolonged mechanical ventilation.

Materials and methods. In the process of studying the problem of impaired mucociliary clearance of the nasal mucosa, the functional state of the mucous membrane in patients with severe concomitant head trauma undergoing prolonged artificial lung ventilation was analyzed. We studied the state of one of the most important mechanisms of sanitation and local protection of the respiratory tract - mucociliary clearance, which provides the necessary potential for barrier, cleansing and immune functions. A study was made of the thermal effect of the nasal cavity, pH + of the mucous membrane, the study of the frequency of beating of the cilia of the ciliated epithelium and the rate of mucociliary transport

Results and discussion. The results of the study showed that the problem of post-traumatic and nosocomial sinusitis in patients with severe concomitant head trauma must be resolved as soon as possible, with the involvement of modern diagnostic and treatment methods, including the proposed method of artificial ventilation of the nose. The severity of the patient's condition, the severity of the injuries received excludes the use of advanced methods of surgical, otorhinolaryngological treatment.

Conclusion. 12:30 PMThe use of minimally invasive methods of treatment, precision technical execution, including under endovideo control, polysinusotomy made it possible not to burden the condition of the victims and exclude iatrogenic damage that could entail irreversible changes in the body and condition of the victim.
General practitioner management for chronic sensorineural hearing loss in older adults
Authors: Vladimirova T. Yu. , Martynova A. B.
Published: December 2021

Introduction. The article is devoted to the special role of the primary care physician - therapist, geriatrician, general practitioner, in assisting the elderly and senile in taking appropriate and timely measures in identifying people with chronic sensorineural hearing loss (SNL), consulting them at the stage of primary health care.

Aim of the study. Understand the intended role of general practitioners and therapist in identifying and counseling patients with hearing loss in primary health care.

Materials and methods. A survey of general practitioners and therapist was conducted in the form of 88 statements, collected in six concepts, in response to the question “What should be the role of a general practitioner in the treatment of chronic sensorineural hearing loss in persons of an older age group?” in the format of a Google-questionnaire.

Results. The results showed a sufficient awareness of general practitioners and therapist about the predisposition of their elderly patients to hearing loss and the significance of the associated consequences on the quality of life. As a result of the data obtained, the highest percentage of statements was noted in Concept 1 “Determine - Diagnose - Discuss” and varied on individual issues from 27.8% to 55.6%, the lowest - in Concept 5 “Educate - Strategise - Encourage” and ranged from 16.7% to 44.4%.

Discussion. Strengthening collaboration between therapists and otorhinolaryngologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and audiologists is the most effective strategy for reducing individuals with untreated SNL. The importance of the role of the primary care physician in multidisciplinary care and its coordination is especially emphasized in the concept of “Know - Refer - Coordinate”.

Conclusions. The authors conclude that the priority concept of modern health care, which makes it possible to significantly improve the quality of life of patients in the older age group and reduce the psychosocial consequences of hearing loss.
The validity of topical drug therapy for otitis media with effusion
Authors: Morozova S. V. , Eremeeva K. V. , Suaifan W. H.A.
Published: December 2021

Otitis media with effusion is difficult to diagnose, since the course of the disease is mostly asymptomatic, while the initial stage of the disease is very similar to Eustachiitis or the pre-perforative stage of acute otitis media. At this stage, dysfunction of the auditory tube and negative pressure in the tympanic cavity creates the conditions for the production of transudate, which clinically, in addition to hearing loss, is accompanied by soreness, a feeling of congestion, pressure, fluid transfusion in the ear. When conducting local medical procedures, they are primarily guided by the condition of the mucous membrane of the eustachian tube, nasopharynx and nasal cavity, but changes in the eardrum are no less important. Thus, the use of topical analgesics with an anti-inflammatory effect becomes no less relevant in the treatment.

A literature review was carried out with an analysis of scientific research data on the use of a topical combination drug that has a local anesthetic and anti-inflammatory effect in the treatment of diseases of the external and middle ear.

Analysis of the literature showed that the use of lidocaine-phenazone-containing drops promotes rapid regression of the inflammation in the external auditory canal and the tympanic membrane, as well as relieving of pain. It can be used both in children (including newborns) and in adults who are suffering from otitis media but with intact tympanic membrane, including otitis media with effusion.

Combined topical drugs containing lidocaine-phenazone demonstrate efficacy and safety in the treatment of catarrhal and otitis media with effusion in all age groups.
Sleep disturbance management in patients with trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias
Authors: Vashchenko N. V. , Uzhakhov A. M. , Azimova Ju. E.
Published: December 2021

Trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TACs) are rare but are the most intense primary headaches that severely limit patients’ ability to work and be socially active. This article reviews the modern classification of TACs, based on the International Classification of Headache Disorders-3, and the key differences between TAC types, as well as the pathophysiological mechanisms – the role of the trigeminovascular system, autonomic nervous system, hypothalamus and vagus nerve – and their relation to circadian rhythms. The sleep disturbances that can occur in patients with TACs, exacerbating the course of the disease, and the role of melatonin, hypothalamus and suprachiasmatic nucleus in these conditions are also discussed. In addition, current therapies for cluster headache are described, which include acute therapy and prophylactic therapy, with recommendations regarding the timing of prophylactic therapy discontinuation. The review also includes the available data on melatonin as well as new therapies such as CGRP monoclonal antibodies and neuromodulation, which includes the two most promising techniques: non-invasive vagus nerve stimulation and sphenopalatine ganglion microstimulation. Furthermore, the authors present the clinical case of a patient with chronic cluster headache, which was significantly reduced in frequency and intensity when melatonin was added to the therapy.