bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reacciones adversas evitables graves por antivirales. Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia, 2008-2017
Authors: Morales-Pérez Mayasil , Garcia-Milian Ana Julia
Published: March 2019

Objetivo: Caracterizar las reacciones adversas graves evitables por antivirales presentes en el Sistema Cubano de Farmacovigilancia durante los años 2008 al 2017.
Material y métodos: Investigación cuantitativa, observacional y descriptiva; enmarcada dentro de los estudios de farmacovigilancia, con un diseño de serie de casos. El universo conformado por las notificaciones de reacciones adversas graves evitables provocadas estos fármacos. Se utilizaron variables como: reacción adversa identificada, grupo de edad, sexo, fármaco antiviral, frecuencia y causas de evitabilidad..
Resultados: Las reacciones adversas evitables graves a los antivirales se comportaron a ritmo irregular que muestra tendencia al incremento. Predominaron en hombres (77.8%) y en adultos (94.4%). Zidovudina (44.4%) y nevirapina (38.9%) muestraron la mayor cantidad de reportes, relacionados con la aparición de anemia y síndrome de Stevens Johnson. Los médicos reportaron el 72.2% de los casos. Las reacciones encontradas se describen como frecuentes. Las interacciones medicamentosas (61.1%) fue la principal causa de evitabilidad.
Conclusiones: La caracterización de las reacciones adversas graves evitables a los antivirales permitió identificar que las mismas fueron frecuentes, producidas por antirretrovirales y presentadas hombres adultos; siendo la anemia y síndrome de Stevens Johnson las más frecuentes. Las causas de evitabilidad identificadas con mayor frecuencia responden a errores de la prescripción.
RNA Back and Forth: Looking Through Ribozyme and Viroid Motifs
Authors: Maurel Marie-Christine , Leclerc Fabrice , Vergne Jacques , Zaccai Giuseppe
Published: March 2019

Current cellular facts allow us to follow the link from chemical to biochemical metabolites, from the ancient to the modern world. In this context, the "RNA world" hypothesis proposes that early in the evolution of life, the ribozyme was responsible for the storage and transfer of genetic information and for the catalysis of biochemical reactions. Accordingly, the hammerhead ribozyme (HHR) and the hairpin ribozyme, belong to a family of endonucleolytic RNAs performing self-cleavage that might occur during replication. Furthermore, regarding the ultraconserved occurrence of HHR in several genomes of modern organisms (from mammals to small parasites and elsewhere), these small ribozymes have been regarded as living fossils of a primitive RNA world. They fold into 3D structures that generally require long-range intramolecular interactions to adopt the catalytically active conformation under specific physicochemical conditions. By studying viroids as plausible remains of ancient RNA, we recently demonstrated that they replicate in non-specific hosts, emphasizing their adaptability to different environments, which enhanced their survival probability over the ages. All these results exemplify ubiquitously features of life. Those are the versatility and efficiency of small RNAs, viroids and ribozymes, as well as their diversity and adaptability to various extreme conditions. All these traits must have originated in early life to generate novel RNA populations.
Further Proofs for the 1-Photon PathEntanglement Communications Scheme
Authors: Cornwall Remi
Published: March 2019

The author had previously set out devices to communicate over space-like intervals, with a full proof for the 2-photon device and only a partial proof for the 1-photon device. The 2-photon device exploits entangled pairs; the 1-photon device utilises path-entanglement. The 1-photon device is fully analysed, then similarities (and differences) are drawn to the 2-photon device to show the holes in the No-communications Theorem: the creation operators representing the sum of paths through the device can be mapped outside the device and quantum state reduction/measurement is a space-like operation. Furthermore, global phase factors indicating causal delay are removed by the operation anyway.
In silico Prediction and Cytotoxicity Evaluation of siRNAs Targeting Conserved Regions of MERS-CoV in Cell Culture
Authors: Sohrab Sayed Sartaj , El-Kafrawy Sherif Aly , Mirza Zeenat , Azhar Esam Ibraheem
Published: March 2019

The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was isolated in 2012 and is well known to cause the respiratory syndrome. The orf1ab gene is known to mediate MERS-CoV replication. In this study, we have discussed the in silico prediction of potential siRNAs targeting MERS-CoV-orf1ab gene for antiviral therapeutics. To identify the potential siRNAs, various factors were considered. We have excluded the siRNAs with off-target effects and potential binding with human mRNAs. By using available softwares, total twenty-one functional, off-target reduced potential siRNA were selected from four hundred and sixty-two siRNAs based on greater potency and specificity. We have tested only seven siRNAs initially to evaluate their performance by reverse transfection approach by lipofectamine mediated delivery in Vero cells. The evaluation results showed no cytotoxicity at various concentrations of siRNAs used. The results obtained in this study provided preliminary information about the cytotoxicity which will help us to further evaluate siRNAs in other cell cultures to find out the replication inhibition efficiency of MERS-CoV. Finally, it is concluded that the in silico prediction and designing resulted in filtration and selection of potential siRNAs with high accuracy, efficiency, and strength which can be further utilized for the development of oligonucleotide-based therapeutics.
High Resolution Sentinel-2 Images for Improved Bathymetric Mapping of Coastal and Lake Environments
Authors: Yunus Ali P. , Jie Dou , Song Xuan , Avtar Ram
Published: March 2019

Bathymetry of nearshore coastal environments and lakes are constantly reworking because of the change in the patterns of energy dispersal and related sediment transport pathways. Therefore, updated and accurate bathymetric models are a crucial component in providing basic information for scientific, managerial, and geographical studies. Recent advances in satellite technology have revolutionized the acquisition of bathymetric profiles, offering new vistas in mapping. This contribution analysed the suitability of high resolution Sentinel-2 images for bathymetric mapping of coastal and lake environments. The bathymetric algorithm for satellite imageries was developed based on the available high resolution bathymetric data for Mobile Bay, Tampa Bay and Lake Huron regions obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). The results demonstrate that the satellite derived bathymetry is efficient for retrieving depths up to 10 m for coastal regions and up to 30 m for lake environment. The root mean square error (RMSE) varies between 1.99 m and 2.80 m for the three regions. A comparison of Sentinel-2 derived bathymetry is also carried with the Landsat 8 OLI derived bathymetry. The results suggest Sentinel-2 images are capable of producing much accurate bathymetric maps than those from the Landsat 8 OLI images. Our work demonstrated that the freely available Sentinel-2 imagery proved to be a reliable method for acquiring updated high resolution bathymetric information for large areas in short span of time.
Performance of Asphalt Emulsion Mixture Containing Buton Granular Asphalt Due to The Aging Process
Authors: Bulgis Bulgis , Tjaronge M. Wihardi , Adisasmita S. Adji , Hustim Muralia
Published: March 2019

The asphalt emulsion mixture is a mixture that can be used in areas that do not have Asphalt Mixing Plant (AMP). Indonesia has natural asphalt found in Buton Island, Southeast Sulawesi, known as Buton asphalt. Modification of asphalt emulsion with Buton Granular Asphalt (BGA) is expected to be used in regions do not have AMP and utilize local materials so it can reduce the import of oil asphalt. Modification of asphalt emulsion and BGA is needed for research to determine the performance of the mixture so that this mixture is suitable for use. The performance degradation of the asphalt mixture on flexible pavement is due to aging on the asphalt. The aging performance of asphalt mixture can be known by testing Marshall and ITS. The purpose of the test was to determine the stiffness due to the aging process. Based on the Marshall and ITS results that asphalt emulsions mixture containing 10% of Buton granular asphalt can improve mixed performance. The performance of the asphalt emulsion mixture containing Buton granular asphalt has a service life of up to 10 years.
Accuracy of 3-Dimensional Planning, Implant Templating, and Patient-Specific Instrumentation in Anatomic Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Iannotti Joseph P. , Walker Kyle , Rodriguez Eric , Patterson Thomas E. , Jun Bong-Jae , Ricchetti Eric T.
Published: March 2019

Background:

Use of 3-dimensional (3D) computed tomography (CT) preoperative planning and patient-specific instrumentation has been demonstrated to improve the accuracy of glenoid implant placement in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA). The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of glenoid implant placement in primary TSA among different types of instrumentation used with the 3D CT preoperative planning.

Methods:

One hundred and seventy-three patients with end-stage glenohumeral arthritis were enrolled in 3 prospective studies evaluating patient-specific instrumentation and 3D preoperative planning. All patients underwent preoperative 3D CT planning to determine optimal glenoid component and guide pin position based on surgeon preference. Patients were placed into 1 of 5 instrument groups used for intraoperative guide pin placement: (1) standard instrumentation, (2) standard instrumentation combined with use of a 3D glenoid bone model containing the guide pin, (3) use of the 3D glenoid bone model combined with single-use patient-specific instrumentation, (4) use of the 3D glenoid bone model combined with reusable patient-specific instrumentation, and (5) use of reusable patient-specific instrumentation with an adjustable, reusable base. Postoperatively, all patients underwent 3D CT to compare actual versus planned glenoid component position. Deviation from the plan (in terms of orientation and location) was compared across groups on the basis of absolute differences and outlier analysis. Univariable and multivariable comparisons were performed. As the initial analyses showed no significant differences in preoperative factors or in deviation from the plan between Groups 1 and 2 or between Groups 4 and 5 across studies, the final analysis was across 3 major treatment groups: standard instrumentation (Groups 1 and 2), single-use patient-specific instrumentation (Group 3), and reusable patient-specific instrumentation (Groups 4 and 5).

Results:

In nearly all comparisons, there were no significant differences in the deviation from the plan (absolute differences or outlier frequency) for glenoid implant orientation or location across the 3 major treatment groups.

Conclusions:

This study did not demonstrate that any type of patient-specific instrumentation resulted in consistent differences in accuracy of glenoid implant placement in primary TSA with 3D CT preoperative planning. Surgeons have multiple patient-specific instrumentation options available for improving accuracy of glenoid implant placement when compared with 2D imaging without patient-specific instrumentation.

Level of Evidence

Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
UNIVARIATE SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION BY ALTERNATIVE COMPONENTS: ISSUES ON DESIGN EFFICIENCY FOR COMPLEX SAMPLES
Authors: Yozgatligil Ceylan Talu , Öztaş Ayhan H.
Published: March 2019

Sample size determination for any sample survey can be based on the desired objectives of the survey as well as the level of confidence of the desired estimates for some survey variables, the desired precision of the survey results and the size of the population. In addition to these, the cost of enumeration can also be considered as an important criterion for sample size determination. Recently, some international organizations have been using univariate sample size determination approaches for their multivariate sample designs. These approaches also included some design efficiency and error statistics for the determination of the univariate sample sizes. These should be used for determining the survey quality measures after the data collection, not before. The additional components of the classical sample size measure will create selection and representation bias of survey estimates, which is discussed in this article.
GENERALIZED EXPONENTIAL SMOOTHING IN PREDICTION OF HIERARCHICAL TIME SERIES
Authors: Kosiorowski Daniel , Mielczarek Dominik , Rydlewski Jerzy P. , Snarska Małgorzata
Published: March 2019

Shang and Hyndman (2017) proposed a grouped functional time series forecasting approach as a combination of individual forecasts obtained using the generalized least squares method. We modify their methodology using a generalized exponential smoothing technique for the most disaggregated functional time series in orderto obtain a more robust predictor. We discuss some properties of our proposals based on the results obtained via simulation studies and analysis of real data related to the prediction of demand for electricity in Australia in 2016.
THE WELLBEING EFFECT OF COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT. SOME MEASUREMENT AND MODELING ISSUES1
Authors: Okrasa Włodzimierz , Rozkrut Dominik
Published: March 2019

The two interconnected methodological tasks – measurement and modeling – become especially challenging in the context of exploration of the interaction between the local community development and individual wellbeing. In this paper, the preliminary results illustrate usefulness of an analytical framework aimed to assess an impact of the local development on individual wellbeing through multilevel modeling, accounting for spatial effects is. To this aim, a dual measurement system is employed with data from two independent sources: (i) the Local Data Bank (LDB) for calculating a multidimensional index of local deprivation (MILD), and to capture variations in geographically embedded administrative units, communes (the country’s finest division), and (ii) the Time Use Survey data to construct the U-index (‘unpleasant’), considered as a measure of individual wellbeing. Since one of the implications of the main hypothesis on the interaction between community development and individual wellbeing was the importance of ‘place’ and ‘space’ (effect of neighborhood and proximity), a special emphasize has been put on spatial effects, i.e. geographic clusters and spatial associations (autocorrelation, dependence The evidence that place and space matter for this relationship provides support for validity of both multilevel and spatial approaches (ideally, combined) to this type of problems.
Atmospheric Methane Concentration Allows Estimating Natural Gas Leaks in Heating Systems in Tandil, Argentina
Authors: Fusé Victoria S. , Gere José I. , Urteaga Daiana , Juliarena M. Paula , Guzmán Sergio A. , Gratton Roberto
Published: March 2019

Residential use of natural gas (NG) for heating and cooking purposes may contribute significantly to CH4 emissions to the atmosphere. To analyze whether the NG demand in the city of Tandil, Argentina, contributes to the increase in atmospheric CH4 concentration, we conducted systematic collections of time‐integrated air samples for a year in six city sites with different population and built‐up density. Some meteorological parameters and NG consumption were registered. Atmospheric CH4 concentration ranged from 1.12 to 1.95 mg m−3 (1.72 to 2.84 ppm) with significant seasonal and spatial variations. In all the sites, with the exception of a peri‐urban site bordering rural areas, the maximum CH4 concentrations were measured during the coldest months, with a statistically significant correlation between residential and commercial NG consumption with respect to air temperature (p < 0.001, R = −0.84 to −0.69) and atmospheric CH4 concentration (p < 0.05, R = 0.58 to 0.94). In Argentina, the most popular home heating system is the balanced‐draft heater, which has a thermal efficiency of 39 to 63%. This low efficiency allows us to attribute the highest atmospheric CH4 concentration found during the coldest months mainly to the leaks of the heating systems and the greater residential use of NG. Repairing the gas leaks by increasing thermal efficiency or replacing heating systems with more efficient ones will bring economic, environmental, and health benefits. This study is important for our country where the dependence on the use of NG from heating systems is significant.

Core Ideas

We studied atmospheric CH4 concentration in an urban area at a southern mid‐latitude.

We observed spatial and seasonal variations in atmospheric CH4 concentration.

The highest atmospheric CH4 concentrations were measured during the coldest months.

Methane concentration and residential natural gas consumption were well correlated.

Low‐efficiency heating systems cause an increase in CH4 concentrations.
The role of innovation for leveraging regional development
Authors: Paula Fábio de Oliveira , Silva Jorge Ferreira da
Published: March 2019

Innovation exerts a central influence on the economy in every level: firm, industry, region, country and globally. Academics in business management have extensively explored the importance of the development of innovation for the firm, as well as for the industry. Studies at the regional level, in their turn, are more scarce. The primary goal of this paper is to verify the influence of product and process innovations introduced by the firms in a region on its economic development, considering as regions the states of Brazil. Using least square panel regression, we found that process innovation influences GDP growth positively after five years, corroborating the hypothesis that the effect of innovation is positive and takes some time to be perceived, with process innovation being faster than product innovation.
Isoleucine Plays an Important Role for Maintaining Immune Function
Authors: Gu Changsong , Mao Xiangbing , Chen Daiwen , Yu Bing , Yang Qing
Published: March 2019

Branched chain amino acids are the essential nutrients for humans and many animals. As functional amino acids, they play important roles in physiological functions, including immune functions. Isoleucine, as one of the branched chain amino acids, is also critical in physiological functions of the whole body, such as growth, immunity, protein metabolism, fatty acid metabolism and glucose transportation. Isoleucine can improve the immune system, including immune organs, cells and reactive substances. Recent studies have also shown that isoleucine may induce the expression of host defense peptides (i.e., β-defensins) that can regulate host innate and adaptive immunity. In addition, isoleucine administration can restore the effect of some pathogens on the health of humans and animals via increasing the expression of β-defensins. Therefore, the present review will emphatically discuss the effect of isoleucine on immunity while summarizing the relationship between branched chain amino acids and immune functions.
Significant Weight Loss in a Patient Taking Olmesartan: An Unusual Case Report
Authors: Makri Andromachi , Florentin Matilda , Elisaf Moses S. , Liamis George
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Olmesartan-induced enteropathy consists a syndrome that mimics celiac disease
both clinically and histologically. Cases of this entity have sporadically been reported since
2012 and are usually characterized by severe diarrhea and malabsorption, followed by significant
weight loss.

Case Report:

Herein, we report an uncommon case of this syndrome, where weight loss preceded
several months the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms.

Discussion and Conclusion:

Physicians should be aware of unexplained weight loss in patients taking
olmesartan, as prompt discontinuation of the drug may prevent the deleterious consequences of
malabsorption.
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms Syndrome Associated with Ethambutol use: A Case Report
Authors: Kapur Ajita , Rehan Harmeet Singh
Published: March 2019

Background:

Among the first line Anti-Tubercular Drugs (ATDs), ethambutol has been
rarely associated to cause drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) syndrome.

Case Report:

A 34-year-old woman presented in an out-patient department of Dermatology with fever,
skin eruptions, eosino- philia, hyperinflated lung fields and deranged liver enzymes after 35 days of the
initiation of ATDs. The patient recovered completely after stopping ethambutol and administration of
topical and sys- temic corticosteroids.

Results and Conclusion:

Based on the available evidences of de-challenge and re-challenge of suspected
drugs, ethambutol was certainly implicated to cause DRESS syndrome.
The Prognostic Value of Circulating Tumor Cells in Primary Breast Cancer Prior to any Systematic Therapy: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mansouri Sepideh , Mokhtari-Hesari Parisa , Naghavi-al-Hosseini Fatemeh , Majidzadeh-A Keivan , Farahmand Leila
Published: March 2019

Background:

Numerous studies have defined the outstanding role of circulating tumor cells (CTC) in the management of cancer, particularly the ones in association with primary tumor metastases.

Objective:

The overall aim of the present study was to investigate whether CTCs may serve as a clinical prognostic marker for survival in primary breast cancer.

Methods:

Articles Published from June 2011 to July 2017 in PubMed, EMBase, and Cochrane library databases were thoroughly screened for selecting the ones meeting the inclusion criteria.

Results:

Studies applying CellSearch® method demonstrated the risk ratios (RR) of 2.51 (95% CI: 1.78- 3.54), 3.98 (95% CI: 2.28- 6.95), 5.59 (95% CI: 3.29- 9.51), and 3.38 (95% CI: 1.88- 6.06) for death rate and relapse rates of 2.48 (95% CI: 1.89 - 3.26), 3.62 (95% CI: 2.37 - 5.51), 4.45 (95% CI: 2.94 - 6.73), and 2.88 (95 % CI: 1.99 - 4.17) at four CTC positive cut points (≥ 1, ≥ 2, ≥ 3, and ≥ 5 CTCs/7.5 ml). Two studies applying the AdnaTest® also documented increased death (RR: 1.38, 95 % CI: 0.42- 4.49) and relapse rates (RR: 2.97, 95 % CI: 1.23 - 7.18)).

Conclusion:

Results of this meta-analysis allude CTCs as potent prognostic markers in primary breast cancers prior to any systemic therapy especially when it is studied via CellSearch® administration, considering that the more the CTCs, the greater the death and relapse rates.
Effects of a Novel Barley-Based Formulation on Allergic Rhinitis: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Derakhshan Alireza , Khodadoost Mahmood , Ghanei Mostafa , Gachkar Latif , Hajimahdipour Homa , Taghipour Ali , Yousefi Jaleh , Khoshkhui Maryam , Azad Farahzad J.
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Current treatment options for Allergic Rhinitis (AR) may have their own limitations
and side effects. This study aimed to investigate the effects of Ma-al-Shaeer (MS), a novel natural
formulation based on Hordeum vulgare, in the treatment of AR compared with Fexofenadine (FX).

Methods:

A total of 77 patients with AR were divided into two groups: MS group (n=38) and FX
group (n=39). The first group received 15 g of dried MS powder, and the second group received 60 mg
of FX twice daily for 14 days. At baseline (week zero) and after the 14-day treatment period (week
two), both groups were evaluated for sneezing, rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, nasal itching, post nasal
drip, eye, throat, or ear symptoms, headache, cough, mental function, quality of life scores, blood
eosinophil count and total IgE levels. Rhinitis control assessment tests were conducted at week zero
and again at one week after cessation of treatment (week three) in both groups.

Results:

All symptoms of AR except cough were significantly reduced in both groups; for nasal congestion,
post nasal drip, and headache, the MS treatment was found to be superior. Rhinitis control was
significantly increased after treatment in both groups (p value < 0.001). Both drugs significantly reduced
total IgE levels. There was no significant change in eosinophil count in either group.

Conclusion:

MS formulation based on H. vulgare may be an effective treatment for AR. Further studies
are needed to confirm the effect of MS as an alternative treatment in AR.
Assessment of Genotoxicity of Levosimendan in Human Cultured Lymphocytes
Authors: Rababa'h Abeer M. , Khabour Omar F. , Alzoubi Karem H. , Al-momani Dua'a , Ababneh Mera
Published: March 2019

Background and Objective:

Levosimendan is a positive inotropic and a vasodilator agent
with pleotropic characteristics that include antioxidation, anti-inflammation and smooth muscle vasodilation.

Methods:

In this study, the effects of levosimendan (0, 0.1, 1, 10, and 20 µg/ml) on oxidative DNA
damage and sister-chromatid exchanges (SCEs) were evaluated in human cultured lymphocytes.

Results:

The results showed that levosimendan increased the frequency of SCEs in all examined concentrations
(P<0.01) except for 0.1 µg/ml. On the other hand, levosimendan did not induce oxidative
DNA damage as measured by the 8-OHdG biomarker (P > 0.05). In addition, neither mitotic arrest nor
proliferation index was affected by levosimendan at all examined doses (P > 0.05).

Conclusion:

In conclusion, levosimendan might be associated with increases in sister-chromatid exchanges
in cultured human lymphocytes. In vivo studies are required to confirm the present findings.
Mesalazine Activates Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase: Implication in the Anti-inflammatory Activity of this Anti-colitic Drug
Authors: Park Heejung , Kim Wooseong , Kim Dayoon , Jeong Seongkeun , Jung Yunjin
Published: March 2019

Objective:

Mesalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an anti-inflammatory drug that is most widely used for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Despite extensive clinical use, the exact pharmacological mechanism underlying the anti-colitic effects of 5-ASA has not yet been elucidated. A potential molecular mechanism underlying 5-ASA-mediated anti-colitic activity was investigated.

Methods:

An anti-inflammatory pharmacology of 5-ASA was scrutinized in human colon carcinoma cells and murine macrophages and in a TNBS-induced rat colitis model.

Results:

5-ASA induced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase in cells. 5-ASA activation of AMPK occurred regardless of the presence of the pro-inflammatory mediators, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide. 5-ASA inhibits TNF-α-dependent Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which was dampened by AMPK inhibition. Oral gavage of sulfasalazine (a colon-specific prodrug of 5- ASA) or rectal administration of 5-ASA ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- induced rat colitis and activated AMPK in the inflamed colonic tissues while markedly diminishing the levels of NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3, elevated by the induction of inflammation. Rectal co-administration of 5-ASA and an AMPK inhibitor undermined 5-ASA-mediated activation of AMPK and its anti-colitic effects.

Conclusion:

These findings suggest that the activation of AMPK is involved in 5-ASA-mediated anticolitic effects at least partly via interference with pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling.
Cuatro nuevos registros para la flora hondureña y un listado preliminar de pteridófitas y licófitas para la Reserva del Hombre y Biósfera del Río Plátano, Honduras
Authors: Reyes-Chávez Johan David , Rojas-Alvarado Alexander , Reyes-Calderon Onán
Published: March 2019

Antecedentes y Objetivos: El grupo de pteridófitas y licófitas ha sido poco estudiado en Honduras, esto se ve reflejado en la Reserva del Hombre y Biosfera del Río Plátano (RHBRP) al solo tener reportadas 44 especies. El objetivo del presente estudio es presentar un listado preliminar de estos grupos, contabilizando las especies encontradas en sitios arqueológicos dentro del departamento Gracias a Dios y presentar cuatro nuevos registros para la flora de Honduras.Métodos: Como parte de los inventarios florísticos desarrollados entre agosto 2016 y septiembre 2017, se colectaron e identificaron en el municipio Brus Laguna un total de 58 especies de pteridófitas y licófitas no reportados previamente para la RHBRP, se actualizaron los nombres de las especies y se catalogaron las especies presentes en el área protegida.Resultados clave: Se incrementan a 103 especies los helechos reportados para la RHBRP, lo cual representa un aumento de 131%, y se suman tres nuevos registros del género Tectaria y uno de Adiantum, para Honduras.Conclusiones: Destaca la diversidad de estos grupos en zonas poco alteradas dentro de la RHBRP, especialmente en los ríos; sin embargo, también se observó un vacío de información en las zonas cercanas a los pueblos, áreas alteradas en la actualidad con necesidad de protección e investigación.
Penetapan Kadar Nikotin dan Karakteristik Ekstrak Daun Tembakau (Nicotiana tabacum L.)
Authors: Alegantina Sukmayati
Published: March 2019

Abstrak

Nikotin merupakan senyawa utama yang terdapat dalam tembakau, dimana nikotin termasuk salah satu zat berbahaya yang ada dalam rokok. Nikotin diabsorpsi dengan cepat dari paru-paru ke dalam darah. Bahaya dari nikotin yang terberat antara lain dapat merangsang pembentukan kanker. Selain itu nikotin mempunyai aktifitas yang menguntungkan yaitu sebagai antimikroba. Adanya himbauan dari Kementerian Pertanian dalam buku Pestisida Nabati, diharapkan pada suatu saat nanti Indonesia mampu berswasembada pestisida (Pesticides Self Sufficiency) sehingga tidak bergantung lagi kepada negara-negara besar penghasil pestisida kimia sintetis. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengujian pendahuluan secara eksperimen laboratorium yang dilakukan tahun 2016 untuk menentukan kadar nikotin secara GC MS dan karakteristik ekstrak yang nantinya sebagai acuan untuk menentukan mutu ekstrak daun tembakau. Karakteristik ekstrak yang diuji adalah kadar air, berat jenis, cemaran mikroba yaitu angka kapang khamir (AKK), angka lempeng total (ALT) dan most probable number (MPN) Coliform. Hasil pengujian ekstrak daun tembakau diperoleh kadar nikotin: 3,14%, kadar air: 42,41%, berat jenis (BJ): 1,19 g/ml, AKK: 9,0x101, ALT: 8,0x101 dan MPN Coliform: < 2. Ekstrak daun tembakau yang diuji memenuhi persyaratan cemaran mikroba terhadap AKK, ALT, dan MPN Coliform

Kata kunci: nikotin, karakteristik, ekstrak, daun tembakau

Abstract

Nicotine is the main compound in tobacco, where it is one of dangerous substances in cigarettes. It is absorbed fast from lungs to blood. Another danger of nicotine is it can stimulate the forming of cancer cells. However, nicotine has beneficial activity by acting as an antimicrobial. An urge from Ministry of Agriculture in Pestisida Nabati book, expects that Indonesia can be self-supporting in producing pesticide so Indonesia can no longer dependent with big countries that produce synthetic chemical pesticides. Therefore, a preliminary experimental laboratory testing conducted in 2016 to determine nicotine content by GC MS and extract characteristics which later as a reference to determine the quality extract. Characteristics of extract test are water content, specific gravity, microbial contamination, yeast figures, total plate number and MPN Coliform. From the tobacco leaf extract testing, nicotine content obtained was: 3.14%, moisture content: 42.41%, specific gravity: 1.19 g/ml, total mold and yeast count: 9.0x101, total plate count: 8.0x101 and MPN Coliform: <2. Tobacco leaf extract meets the requirements for microbial contamination of yeast figures, total plate number, and MPN Coliform.

Keywords: nicotine, characteristics, extract, tobacco leaf
Faktor yang Berpengaruh terhadap Pemanfaatan Fasilitas Pelayanan Kesehatan Swasta
Authors: Siahaan Selma
Published: March 2019

Abstrak

Studi terhadap faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan fasyankes swasta dengan analisis lanjut terhadap data Riskesdas 2013 diikuti oleh studi kualitatif yaitu wawancara mendalam terhadap pengguna layanan rawat jalan di 7 fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan swasta masing-masing 5 orang di Kota Tangerang. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan fasyankes swasta. Kerangka konsep mengikuti kerangka Green L, yaitu melakukan penilaian terhadap faktor predisposing, enabling dan reinforcing. Hasilnya adalah faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pemanfaatan fasyankes swasta adalah usia, pekerjaan, kepemilikan asuransi dan untuk penyakit TB paru, diabetes, hepatitis dan hipertensi. Hasil studi kualitatif memperlihatkan faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pemanfaatan fasyankes swasta tidak berbeda dengan hasil analisis lanjut, yaitu: jarak (akses) dan kepemilikan asuransi kesehatan. Studi ini merekomendasikan bahwa pemerintah perlu intens mendorong peningkatan kualitas fasyankes baik fasyankes pemerintah maupun swasta agar sama-sama memenuhi ekspektasi dan kebutuhan masyarakat dan juga pengaturan, distribusi dan pembinaan terhadap fasyankes swasta.

Kata kunci: fasyankes, rawat jalan, asuransi kesehatan, Riskesdas 2013

Abstract

It has been conducted study about factors influencing the utilization of private health facilities by further analyses towards Riskesdas 2013 data and followed by qualitative study i.e in-depth interviewed on outpatients in 7 private health care facilities that 5 people respectively in Tangerang city. The aim of this study was to find out factors that influence significantly to the utilization of private health services facilities. Conceptual framework followed Green L concept that is assessment to predisposing, enabling dan reinforcing factors. The results was that ages, occupation and having health insurance were factors that influencing significantly to th the utilization. In addition, TB pulmonary, diabetes, hepatitis and hypertension diseases was also significant. The qualitative study showed factors that influence the utilization of private health services facilities were not far different with the results of further study of Riskesdas 2013 i.e. access (distance) and having health insurance. This study recommended that government should push intensively the improvement of quality health services in public and private health facilities to fulfilled expectation and need of people. In addition, the Government should also continuing to regulate and to guidance private health facilities.

Keywords: health services facilities, outpatients, health insurance, Riskesdas 2013
Análisis de metodologías para la evaluación de cadenas de valor: caso del aguacate en Norte de Santander
Authors: Vásquez Barajas Eduardo Felipe , Bastos Osorio Liliana Marcela
Published: March 2019

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo analizar metodologías de evaluación de cadenas de valor que luego pueden aplicarse a la cadenade valor del aguacate en Norte de Santander. En cuanto a la metodología, el tipo de investigación es cuantitativo, con método de investigacióndeductivo y tipo de estudio descriptivo sobre el aguacate en Norte de Santander y metodologías para evaluación de cadena devalor. Sobre los resultados, el aguacate no registra como una de las principales frutas cultivadas en Norte de Santander pero sí es unacon las de mayor potencial de crecimiento en área de cultivo y potencial internacional debido a la demanda internacional de principalesvariedades como “Hass”. Por lo tanto, la cadena de valor bajo el modelo de Michael Porter se constituye en una herramienta clave paradiagnosticar la línea productiva de aguacate en Norte de Santander. Lo anterior conlleva a analizar metodologías existentes para evaluarcadenas de valor y sus interacciones entre las actividades primarias y las actividades de apoyo así como sus eslabones y factoresexternos identificando el grado de generación de valor que conlleve a la competitividad y potencial internacionalización. Por lo tanto,se concluye como pertinente el análisis de metodologías existentes para la evaluación de cadenas de valor que sirvan como antecedentepara la construcción de una nueva metodología o puedan ser aplicadas en la evaluación de la cadena de valor de aguacate de Norte deSantander con el fin de identificar a través de las actividad principales y de apoyo las ventajas competitivas y factores por mejorar,tomando los resultados como base para una futura internacionalización del aguacate de Norte de Santander.
Palabras Claves:Aguacate,Cadena de valor,Evaluación,Internacionalización,Norte de Santander
Comercialização de produtos pelos agricultores familiares na feira livre de Serrinha - BA: um diagnóstico das práticas
Authors: De Oliveira Silva Andrea , Rodrigues da Silva Elizabete
Published: March 2019

As feiras livres são mercados periódicos que resultam das potencialidades de cada região e, independentemente dos produtos comercializados, contribuem para o desenvolvimento local por meio da rede de relações sociais, culturais e econômicas entre cidades, especialmente tratando-se de municípios de pequeno e médio porte. Considerada um dos canais de comercialização dos produtos dos agricultores familiares, a feira livre propicia aos agricultores familiares o escoamento adequado da sua produção, gera renda e dinamiza a economia local. A comercialização de produtos dos agricultores familiares na feira livre constitui um processo complexo, porque envolve aspectos estruturais, tais como a cadeia produtiva, o transporte, o acondicionamento, a venda direta do produto ao consumidor e as relações com o poder público local. Entretanto, evidencia-se a necessidade de práticas de comercialização mais eficazes, de modo que, além de garantir o efetivo escoamento dos produtos da agricultura familiar, promovam o fortalecimento dos agricultores familiares como agentes econômicos que participam continuamente da feira livre. Nesta perspectiva, o objetivo do estudo foi elaborar um diagnóstico das práticas de comercialização dos produtos oriundos dos agricultores familiares na feira livre de Serrinha-BA. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, descritiva, do tipo estudo de caso e, para a coleta dos dados, aplicaram-se questionários aos feirantes além da observação simples. Os resultados obtidos revelaram o perfil dos feirantes agricultores familiares e suas práticas. Observou-se, além da inadequação do local para comercialização, ausência de local para armazenagem, variação ineficaz ou desarranjada na precificação dos produtos, dificuldades com o seu transporte e precariedade na infraestrutura e na organização.
The Effectiveness of The Cooperative Integrated Reading and Composition (CIRC) and Preview Question Read Reflect Recite Review (PQ4R) on Reading Comphrehension Skill
Authors: Wahyuningsih Asih , Citraningrum Mivtha
Published: March 2019

This research aims to describe the effectiveness of the CIRC and PQ4R models on the reading comprehension skills of the fifth semester students of the PGSD study program. This study uses quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest nonequivalent group design. This study used two experimental groups and one control group. The population of this study was the fifth semester students of PGSD Study Program. Sampling is done using a simple random sampling technique. To determine the effectiveness of learning CIRC and PQ4R, the data were analyzed using t-test and anava. The results of this study indicate that CIRC learning is effective in learning reading skills understanding of the fifth semester of PGSD Study Program with a significant level of 0.006 0.05. PQ4R learning is effective in learning reading comprehension skills in students in the fifth grade of elementary school with a significant level showing 0,000 0,05. The difference in CIRC and PQ4R learning is effective in reading skills. The fifth semester students of PGSD study program with a significance level of 0,000 0,05.
PENGEMBANGAN MODUL MATEMATIKA 3 DENGAN MODEL NHT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PGSD UNIVERSITAS PGRI YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Danuri Danuri
Published: March 2019

Abstract: This research aims to produce learning media in the form of mathematics module 3 with cooperative learning type numbered head together (NHT) to improve student learning achievement of PGSD in response aspect. students towards developed Modules. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) which using ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model with Math Module 3 product using cooperative learning type numbered head together (NHT). The development process was done by several stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The development model used is a procedural development model, which is a descriptive model, outline the steps to be followed to produce the product. The results showed the quality of Mathematics Module 3 with cooperative learning type numbered head together (NHT) in good category with the percentage of idealization of 73.06% with the detail of content feasibility component in both category with the percentage of 71,39% of the idealization, the linguistic component in good category with the percentage of 74.55% of the idealization, and so are the components of the presentation in either category with an ideal percentage of 74.76%. Response to this module belongs to the category of positive responses with a score of 63.69 from the ideal maximum score of 80. Based on the post-test value, Mathematics 3 module with cooperative learning type numbered head together (NHT) has been successful in improving learning achievement by  post-test score of  77.09.
DINAMIKA MERGER SEKOLAH: ANTARA PENGEMBANGAN DAN PROBLEM SEKOLAH
Authors: Habiby Wahdan Najib , ZH Aninda Tetrasari , Maldinni Rofiqoh , Pratiwi Ita Noer , Wulandari Fitri Nur , Millah Qorin Umdatul
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study is expected to provide an understanding of the effects of school mergers carried out by SD Sondakan No. 11 Surakarta. In addition, the results of this study can be useful for educational institutions, especially for schools that experience impacts. The merger policy of schools in Surakarta Sondakan State Elementary School No.11 has a positive impact on learning activities in schools, the realization of a comfortable and conducive learning environment. the implementation of activities to develop students' talents through extracurricular activities. The existence of literacy activities before implementing learning. Able to follow and win champions from various competitions both academic and non-academic. For example CCAI competition, PHBS, persami, etc. Negative influence after the school merger for students, social influence, especially in the economic strata. Because guardians of students from these 3 elementary schools have different economies. So that there are still some students who feel isolated and lacking in confidence.
Meteorological Comfort Indices to Assess Extreme Warmness in Southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Aluko Tolulope Olaide , Nymphas E. F. , Bolaji O. A. , Odubanjo O. F.
Published: March 2019

2015, 2016 and 2017 have been confirmed the three warmest years on record and the degree of warming during these three years has been exceptional. Extremes of heat and cold environmental conditions have been known to be very detrimental to the health and comfort of humans. The severity of these adverse effects is often local and varies from one place to another though they are happening on a global scale therefore Temperature variation, Heat Index (HI) temperature and Dew Point Temperature (DPT) ( Meteorological comfort indices) were used to assess the effect of this condition in southwest, Nigeria. Air temperature and Humidity data were collected from meteorological stations situated in the southwestern states selected for study and was processed using the rule of Thumb for DPT calculations and Steadman (1979) formula simplified by Rothfusz’ model (1990) for HI temperature. The data analysis was done using Microsoft Excel Package and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), the following results were obtained: Elevation may affect temperature yet during extreme warmness other factors can have a greater influence on temperature and meteorological comfort indices used to assess extreme warmness in southwest Nigeria from this study showed greater impacts thus: Heat Index Temperature has highest values in Lagos State, while Dew Point Temperature have highest values in Ogun state. None of these extreme warmness measuring variables seem to be solely in favour of state Location in terms of coordinates and elevation; this suggests more anthropogenic influence forming the characteristics of the states to geographic locations of the states however, between the start year of extreme warmness (2015) and 2017, HI temperature showed a significant increase while average DPT did not really change during the period of extreme warmness.
AN ANALYSIS ON CBT NATIONAL EXAMINATION EFFECT: STUDENTSâ€™ COGNITIVE READINESS AND ANXIETY FACING ENGLISH TESTS
Authors: MULIYAH PIPIT
Published: March 2019

The purpose of this study was to know the influence of CBT and PBT national examination dealing with studentsâ€™ cognitive readiness and anxiety facing English national examination in Cilacap regency, the influence of major in terms of studentsâ€™ cognitive readiness and anxiety facing English national examination in Cilacap regency, and the interaction between national examination and major. This research was descriptive explorative and the method was ex-post facto. The population was all of natural and social science high school students in grade XII in Cilacap regency. The number of sample used was 352 students. The results showed that there was significant influence of national examination in terms of studentsâ€™ cognitive readiness and anxiety facing national examination. However, CBT and PBT national examination did not influence the cognitive readiness facing national examination, CBT and PBT national examination influence in national examinations in terms of studentsâ€™ anxiety facing national examination. The average score of the studentsâ€™ anxiety facing CBT national exam was higher than that of the studentsâ€™ anxiety facing PBT national examination. There was no effect caused by differences in majoring in terms of cognitive readiness and anxiety in facing English national examination; and there was no interaction between the different types of national examinations and majors.
El problema del indígena en Manuel González Prada
Authors: Largo Gaviria Víctor Santiago
Published: March 2019

El artículo analiza las fases del indigenismo del autor peruano Manuel González Prada, dentro de las perspectivas de discusión por las cuales discurre el ensayo indigenista a finales del siglo XIX y comienzos del XX en Hispanoamérica. Manuel González Prada, quizá el escritor decimonónico de prosa más pulida, encuentra la necesidad de una América amalgamada y libre del yugo religioso, artístico e intelectual que seguía primando en una cultura que para él era hispanizante y ajena. En sus textos indigenistas recopilados en Páginas libres (1894) y Horas de lucha(1908), este mordaz pensador demuestra los verdaderos problemas del indígena americano en la construcción de la nacionalidad peruana y por extensión latinoamericana.