bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review article: Leukocyte‐endothelial dysregulation in systemic small vessel vasculitis
Authors: PANKHURST TANYA , SAVAGE CAROLINE OS , LITTLE MARK A
Published: January 2009

Aberrant interaction between the leukocyte and the endothelial cell (EC) results in the uncontrolled inflammation seen in systemic small vessel vasculitis. This review discusses our current understanding of this process and includes consideration of the role of adhesion molecules, proteases and the neutrophil respiratory burst. The effects of anti‐neutrophil cytoplasm antibodies and anti‐endothelial cell antibodies and their pathogenic roles are examined, and we look at experimental disease models. Specificity of disease‐targetted endothelial beds and the role of circulating EC are discussed.
A Histopathological Study of Odontogenic Tumors*
Authors: Ishikawa Goro
Published: January 2009

About 160 cases of odontogenic tumor were studied histologically and a classification of the odontogenic tumor was presented. No clear‐cut example of melano‐ameloblastoma, odontogenic sarcoma, ameloblastic neurinoma, dentinoblastoma was observed in this study.

About a half of the ameloblastoma belonged to Type III. Ameloblastoma of the maxilla was principally Type I. More differentiated types were found mostly in the younger patients. For the reason of a predirection of the ameloblastoma in the mandibular molar region, the developmental relationship between tooth band and jaw bone in this region should be considered. Cyst in the parenchyma might be produced in three ways; keratinous degeneration of the squamous epithelial portion, fine granular lipo‐protein or glucolipid degeneration of the epithelium without keratinous changes, and hydropic degeneration of the stellate reticulum. Hyalinous halo surrounding nests of epithelium indicate a simple hyalinous change of the stromal tissue adjacent to the basement membrane or true thickening of the basement membrane like membrana preformativa. Cyst formation of the stroma may be influenced not merely by circulatory disturbances of the stroma, but by some action on the adjoining epithelium.

So‐called adeno‐ameloblastoma should be considered as a variant of ameloblastoma. Its adenomatous structure may be formed from atypical growth of the epithelium of dental origin and not a true glandular structure.

Two cases of malignant ameloblastoma were observed in this series. In one instance metastases to the cervical lymphnodes and the upper lip were histologically demonstrated.

When we diagnose the odontogenic mesodermal tumors, by means of only histological examination, we should have careful consideration in various instance.

Three types of the odontogenic mixed tumor represented various differentiating grade of thetum or tissues. Ameloblastic hemangioma was supposed to be a variant of ameloblastoma with a dilatation of the stromal blood vessels and not with a true hemangioma tissue.
Morphological Studies on the Influence of Metabolic Disturbances Upon the Gonads, with Special Reference to the Disturbance of the TCA Cycle by KREBS*
Authors: Arai Tsuneto
Published: January 2009

By repeated administration of fumaric acid which belongs to the Krebs's TCA Cycle and which is influentially connected with the metabolism in body, the rabbit develops slight regressive changes in its parenchymatous organs, as well as a parenchymatous goiter. Marked atrophy is observed in the gonads especially accentuated in the testis, a correlated decrease in hyaluronidase being recognized in the atrophied testis. In this case two types are developed, i.e., hypergonadotropic hypogonadism and hyperestrogenic hypogonadism. The administration of the serum of hypergonadotropic hypogonadism to virgin rabbits results in the development of maturity of follicles with seems to be related with ovarian cystoma. Gynecomastia is observed in hyperestrogenic hypogonadism.

The atrophy of testes following repeated administration of fumaric acid is inhibited by the combined administration with RNA or DNA, and with histidine. It is assumed that the fumaric acid is directly correlated with a biosynthesis of pyrimidine base. So, it is concluded that the etiological mechanism of the marked atrophy of gonads, especially the testes, is interpreted as a direct metabolic influence to the nucleic metabolism of germinal cells, and the metabolic disturbance in body influences the gonads, and the endocrine glands.

The atrophy of gonads and the production of arteriosclerosis of aorta on rabbits due to the TCA Cycle disturbance seems to have given a significant value in clarifying the so‐called aging or senile symptoms.
An Autopsy Case of Chronic Rheumatic Carditis with Myocardial Aschoff Bodies
Authors: Isomura Nobuyuki , Hara Hiroshi , Kubota Itsuro
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of chronic rheumatic carditis is described. The patient was a woman aged 32 years and the duration of the disease was more than eight years.

At autopsy, the heart showed typical mitral stenosis with verrucous scarring, calcification and contraction of the valve. Areas of degenerating muscle cells and proliferation of the interstitial connective tissue, partly with perivascular infiltration, were seen throughout the myocardium, and heart muscles showed narrowing and fragmentation. There was fibrinoid degeneration of the wall in small coronary vessels. Numerous Aschoff bodies of various structures were found mostly in the proliferated interstitial connective tissue, between damaged muscle bundles and adjacent to the small coronary vessels of the myocardium. A small number of Aschoff bodies were situated in the subendocardial tissue in which there was no muscle.
An Autopsy Case of Giant Cell Myocarditis (Myocardial Sarcoidosis)
Authors: Ooneda Genju , Mitomo Hiroshi , Kanai Hosho
Published: January 2009

An autopsy case of the so‐called giant cell myocarditis, which was understood to be sarcoidosis, the main lesion of which situated in the myocardium, was reported.

In the morphogensis of asteroid bodies, the protein moiety of lipoprotein was considered to participate. The theory that these bodies would be derivatives of elastin could not be supported.
A Case of Trunco‐Arteritis Diffusa Productiva (So‐Called Pulseless Disease)
Authors: Nasu Tsuyoshi
Published: January 2009

The lesions of this disease are seen mainly in the trunks of larger and medium sized arteries where focal coagulation necrosis and granuloma consisting of epithelioid cells and giant cells of Langhans type occur primarily, and these focal changes extend to the surrounding area forming irregular scar tissues and in turn cause a diffuse productive inflammation of the arterial walls. Such lesions seem to begin centering at the vasa vasorum in adventitia and media, and changes in the intima or formation of thrombi are interpreted to be secondary. It is important to note that marked thickening of the arterial wall in some portions is found immediately after branching off, while no changes are visible proximal to the branching.

From these findings it is proposed that the preferable designation for this disease is Trunco‐arteritis Diffusa (or Granulomatosa) Productiva.

In this case, marked stenosis due to thickening of the wall of the left subclavian artery causes an absence of radial pulsation of this side, that of the renal arteries brings about degenerative changes in both kidneys, and marked stenosis of the short gastric arteries causes an ischemic necrosis of the stomach wall, through which perforations occur.

Atypical tubercle bacilli of viral type are suspected as the etiologic factor of this disease. In has been said that this disease occurs most frequently among women in puberty, and therefore, this is the first autopsy report of a boy in the first decade such as 5 years of age.
An Autopsy Case Of Unusual Liver Cirrhosis Following Thorotrast Administration
Authors: Serizawa Susumu , Mizobuchi Takao
Published: January 2009

Thorotrast (thorium dioxide) which was first used in diagnostic radiology, had at one time a widespread popularity as an excellent radiopaque material for angiography.
HEMOCHROMATOSIS: A Report of Three Autopsy Cases
Authors: Inoue Toshio , Sekiyama Shigetaka , Sawai Shigejiro , Akabori Sumie , Takeno Mitsuhiko , Mitsuhashi Kanshichi , Toriumi Jun , Ishikawa Eisei
Published: January 2009

1) Three cases of primary (idiopathic) hemochromatosis have been reported.

2) The present authors, after having carried out various histochemical and fluorescence microscopic examinations, have come to a conclusion that hemofuscin should not be classed with the family of lipogenic pigments.
Hyaline Membrane Disease of Newborn Infants Its etiology and significance. Pulmonary hyaline membrane and congenital alveolar dysplasia*
Authors: Kambe Seiichi
Published: January 2009

1) Hyaline membrane disease, as a pathological entity was studied histologically and biochemically. Histochemical tests routinely available, failed to reveal specific identifiable characteristics between hyaline membrane and other interalveolar foreign amorphous matter.

2) Observation from our experimental results on rabbits and from autopsied materials of newborns and others, disclosed that hyaline membrane is a pattern of membranous alveolar lining and is derived from any source of inflammatory exudate, edema fluid and probably from aspirated amniotic sac content.

3) Hyaline membrane and congenital alveolar dysplasia (Mac Mahon) are of distinctly different entities. Hyaline membrane is a foreign matter precipitated over the basement membranes of terminal air spaces, while the latter is a developmental defect of distal respiratory structures.
Hemoglobin Synthesis in Erythroid Cells A Morphologic and Cytochemical Study*
Authors: Seno Satimaru
Published: January 2009

The mammalian red cells pass through two evolutional changes during their ripening processes. The first one is the shift of cytoplasm from the basophilic to the acidophilic state, that means the progress of hemoglobin synthesis. The second one is the denucleation by which cells are flattened and facilitated in enhancing the efficiency of oxygenation of hemoglobin. In this report I will describe the analytical results on the hemoglobin synthesis in erythroid cells, especially relating to the morphologic and cytochemical evolution of the organellae.
An Autopsy Case of Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Hokano Masami , Dote Takeshi , Omori Ryoei , Otaka Yuichi
Published: January 2009

A case of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura in a 33‐year‐old Japanese woman is presented. The case is the first to be published in Japanese medical literature.
Report on Three Biopsy Cases and an Autopsy case of Llpomelanoreticulosis (Pautrier‐Woringer's Disease)*
Authors: Umemura Shinichiro , Fukaya Ryuji , Iizuka Sakae , Akamatsu Hide , Tsuji Hiroshi , Takeuchi Tadashi
Published: January 2009

The report presented is composed of two portions of description; the first one deals with that of two biopsy cases which showed undoubtedly features of lipomelanoreticulosis clinically and histologically as well. The remaining one is a case which showed skin eruption in type of chronic eczema associated with lymphnode swelling. Histologically, the latter case revealed reticulosis of the lymphnode with a small amount of browny pigment and presence of moderate amount of fatty material showing positive effect on Sudan III staining. The second presentation is that of an autopsy case of exfoliative dermatitis associated with generalised enlargement of lymphnodes died of subacute glomerulonephritis.
Two Cases of So‐Called Rhinitis Necroticans Progressiva
Authors: Okuyama Tomizo , Matsubara Toru , Mukai Shigezi , Tsutsumi Shizuo , Morita Fukuei
Published: January 2009

So‐called progressive gangraenous rhinitis has been described as a peculiar process of the nose of unknown etiology and has been receiving different names from different authors. The nature of this disease remains to be determined. A great part of the morphological features of local lesions is observed as a non‐specific inflammatory process. Based on the exact investigations of autopsy cases, however, the pathologists are of different opinions; some consider this disease as a malignant neoplasm and others as an infectious process, whether specific or non‐specific, including the early manifestations or part of widespread vascular lesions resembling polyarteritis nodosa. At the start of the investigation of autopsy cases deliberative selection must be taken into consideration. The authors' opinion is that generalized systemic vascular lesions must be excluded. Two autopsy cases experienced will be described.
Four Autopsy Cases of Diffusely Metastasizing“Progressive Gangrenous Rhinitis”—Reticulum Cell Sarcoma of the Nose
Authors: Sugano Haruo , Enomoto Makoto , Watanabe Toyosuke
Published: January 2009

1) The present paper reports four autopsy cases. They all died under the clinical diagnosis of progressive gangrenous rhinitis.

2) By autopsy, besides the greyish white tumor invasion in the nasopharyngeal region, diffuse extensive metastases to the intestine, lungs, esophagus, bone marrow, testes, epididymes, kidneys, lymph nodes are present. Histologically, reticulum cell sarcoma, especially histiocytic type is mentioned.

3) This disease contains at least two different types in the reported literatures in this country: One is an inflammatory‐allergic disease, including Wegener's granulomatosis, and the other a sarcoma, mainly reticulum cell sarcoma. Namely, some cases of lymph‐reticular sarcoma of the nose, having free cell pattern soaked in tissue fluid, show clinically gangrenous necrotic charaters. The name of progressive gangrenous rhinitis should be understood as a clinical syndrome.
A Pathological Study on the Giant‐cell Tumor of Bone*
Authors: Kojima Mizu , Ogata Masayuki
Published: January 2009

We have carried out investigations from various angles on giant‐cell tumors of bone with special attention to 1) the nature of the giant cells, 2) the malignancy of such tumors and 3) the position which such giant cell tumors occupy among the bone tumors in general. The results obtained are as follows:
Ectopic Formation of Elastic Cartilage in Exsc Animals
Authors: KOBAYASHI Tadayoshi , KAMEGAYA Kiyotaka
Published: January 2009

Summary And Conclusions

The paper presents the experimental ectopic formation of elastic cartilage, which has not previously been reported, in five guinea pigs observed in our department.

The authors propose a hypothesis that the ectopic elastic cartilage is formed by the collaborated effects of epithelium, skeletal muscle and others.
A STATISTICAL SURVEY OF DEEP FUNGUS INFECTION IN JAPAN†
Authors: Miyake Masashi , Okudaira Masahiko
Published: January 2009

The authors report a statistical review of 546 cases of deep fungus infection which were observed in human post‐mortem materials. The materials were collected from 67,741 necropsy cases examined at the departments of pathology of 45 medical schools and three major hospitals in Japan between 1948 and 1961. The overall incidence of deep fungus infection was 0.8 per cent. The major types of infection were candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, actinomycosis and mucormycosis, in this order. All the geographic regions of deep fungus infection were represented. Apparent incident rates were high in the Kanto District which has many medical college hospitals and low in the Hokkaido area where the climate is rather cool. The yearly frequency, age distribution, site of infection and underlying conditions of the major types of fungus infection in Japan was described. From the analysis of the factors, it was concluded that the increase in number of cases with deep fungus infection was based not only upon the use of antibiotic and steroid therapy, but also on the increasing interest in fungus infection and the recent progress of investigating methods.
TROPHOBLASTIC DISEASES IN TAIWAN
Authors: Chen T.Y.
Published: January 2009

During a 10 years period(1957–1966), 355 cases of trophoblastic neoplasia were examined at the Department of pathology, National Taiwan University. The material included 228 cases of hydatidiform mole, 70 of destrucitive mole and 57 of choriocarcinoma. The relative incidence of this group of diseases among the surgical matrials was 0.48%, while a pilot population survery revealed that the ratio of hydatidiform mole to deliveres in Taiwan much lower (1:5,011 in rural and 1:2,061 in urban areas) than that from hospital statistcs reported in the past. For the practical use, the classification proposed by the International Study Group for Trophoblastic Neoplasia was recommended and the diagnostic criteria were discussed. A case among the author's series appeared to constitute an intermediate type between destructive mole and choriocarcinoma.

Sixty‐two cases of destructive mole and 45 of choriocarcinoma were followed up and the results were compared with a similar series of1947–56 period. Notable decrease of choriocarcinoma motality may be due to the use of chemotherapy, especially with Methotrexate. In contrast, the mortality of destructive mole has increased slightly.
PULMONARY ENDOARTERIAL CHORIOCARGINOMA AND THROMBOSIS IN THE RIGHT ILIAC VEIN SYSTEM Report of an autopsy case
Authors: Ohta Goroku , Nishino Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

A case of pulmonary endoarterial choriocarcinoma associated with thrombosis in the right external iliac and femoral veins is reported. Autopsy examination failed to reveal the primary site of the tumor, and there was no apparent causal relationship between the initiation of the venous thrombosis and the development of the pulmonary endoarterial choriocarcinoma. ACTA PATH.
JUXTAGLOMERULAR GRANULAR INDICES IN VARIOUS DISEASES: SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON LOW SERUM SODIUM, AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN JUXTAGLOMERULAR CELLS AND MACULA DENSA*
Authors: Kihara Itaru
Published: January 2009

The renal sections obtained from unselectively collected 195 autopsy cases were stained with Bowie's procedure and juxtaglomerular indices were calculated.

The original diseases of 22 cases were various and there was no parallel relationship between high JGIs and clinical hypertensive state, except in a case of renovascular hypertension. High JGIs were observed in cases with marked fluid accumulation in the cavities or cases with circulatory imbalance inducing generalized edema.

There was an interesting finding in two cases with highly granulated juxtaglomerular cells among 9 cases of chronic glomerulonephritis. Their electrolyte metabolism in the terminal week indicated that two cases showed an extremely low serum sodium compared to the normal range of sodium in the other 7 cases.

There were several morphological interrelations suggestive of the presence of intimate functional integrity between the macula densa and juxtaglomerular cells. The basement membrane of the distal tubules splitted into two or three fine membranes at the macula densa and intermingled between the juxtaglomerular cells. The lining cells of the macula densa were taller having round nuclei situated in the upper portion of the cytoplasm and were more densely populated than those of the rest. This relationship was well preserved between the tubules and hyalinized glomeruli of chronic glomerulonephritis as well as in normal kidney. ACTA PATH. JAP.
STUDIES ON TUMOR INDUCTION IN RATS WITH 7,12–DIMETHYL‐BENZ (a) ANTHRACENE, WITH SPECIAL REFERENCES TO THE MORPHOGENESIS AND FINE‐STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE TARGET ORGANS
Authors: Fukunishi Ryo
Published: January 2009

After multiple injections of 7,12–DMBA (25 mg/kg body weight), high yields of malignant tumors were obtained in two different strains of rats (Donryu and ACI). The incidence of mammary cancer was high in female rats of both strains (84.6% in Donryu, 89.5% in AC I). High yields (67.5%) of ear duct cancer were obtained in ACI males, and the incidence of leukemia was highest in Donryu females (46.296).

Changes produced with 7, 12–DMBA in several organs were observed by electron microscopy. Acute changes in the organs in which a malignant tumor could be induced appeared irreversible, including steady increase of tonofilaments in the ear duct glandular cell and appearance of numerous plasma cells in the spleen. The changes produced in the liver and kidney were found to be reversible.

Morphological discontinuity at the malignant transformation was recognized in the ear duct gland and spleen.

Ultrasturctures of induced malignant tumor cells were studied, and mammary cancer was classified into a highly differentiated type and a poorly differentiated type.

Classification of organs into three categories, a) DMBA‐responding organ, b) DMBA‐metabolizing and DMBA‐susceptible organ, c) DMBA‐refractory organ, was proposed and each was discussed in detail. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 51–72, 1968.
MORPHOGENESIS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Ooneda Genju
Published: January 2009

The basic process in the morphogenesis of arteriosclerosis consists of proliferation and insudation in the intima, and varied combinations of these two processes produce various types of arteriosclerotic lesions.

The morphogenesis of atherosclerosis is considered to be as follows: Atheroma is formed by the infiltration of blood plasma lipids into the intima of the large and medium‐sized arteries having cellulofibrous intimal thickening, which grows with age. As the result, proliferation advances especially in the upper layer of the intima. There were two types of atheroma formation.

Arteriosclerosis of the small arteries and arterioles is produced by various combinations of insudation and proliferation in the small arteries and arterioles where the intimal thickening does not occur with age, or only to a slight degree, if any.

In order to elucidate the mechanism of the proliferation and insudation in the intima, animal experiments were carried out. On the basis of the experimental results, possible causes of the proliferation (cellulofibrous intimal thickening) and the insudation (blood plasma infiltration) were discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18:75–82, 1968.
A CONCEPT ON THE ETIOLOGY OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF SMALL ORGAN‐ARTERIES
Authors: Matsuoka Shigeru
Published: January 2009

Although there are numerous theories on the pathogenesis of arteriosclerosis, almost all of them are based on humoral or metabolic disorders (f.i. hypercholesteremia, etc.), and they have discussed only about atherosclerosis of large arteries and neglected about the small ones. The grade and distribution of sclerosis of the small arteries are not always uniform, and this cannot be sufficiently explained by the humoral theory. Electric stimulation of low voltage was given to the arterial stem directly or to the blood vessel nerve in the rabbit and angiospasm of the peripheral portion of the artery was ascertainedunder the biomicroscopy. These electric stimulations were repeated for many days and various arteriosclerotic changes, similar to those of the human, occurred in the peripheral portions which had contracted repeatedly. The author considered that repeated contractioncan be one of the important genetic factors of sclerosis of small arteries and the different distribution of arteriolosclerosis in the human body can be explained by local or individual difference in grade or frequency of angiospasm. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18 183–89, 1968.
THROMBUS AND COAGULATION FACTORS IN THE GENESIS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Tanaka Kenzo
Published: January 2009

The incidence of thromboembolism in autopsy cases over 40 years of age was much higher in Americans than in Japanese. Atherosclerosis of the aorta was more severe in the autopsy cases with thromboembolism than in those without. Repeated intravenous administrations of either whole blood clot, fibrin clot, thromboplastin or fibrinogen produced sclerotic lesions in the pulmonary artery of rabbits, and these changes were considered to be induced not only by the encrustation of thrombi but also by the inflammatory reaction of the arterial wall. The arterial changes induced by the administration of the coagulation factors enhanced the cholesterol ‐ induced arterial changes and vice versa. Thromboplastic activity was high in the intima and low in the media and the adventitia, while fibrinolytic activity was high in the adventitia and low in the media and the intima. Fibrin or fibrinogen was occasionally demonstrated even in the macroscopically normal and microscopically fibrous‐thickened intima. These observations seem to suggest that the deposition or the infiltration of plasma proteins plays an important causative role in atherogenesis. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18 : 91 ‐106, 1968.
A STUDY ON THE HISTOGENESIS OF ARTERIOSCLEROSIS OF ORGAN ARTERIES, WITH SPECIAL EMPHASIS ON RENAL ARTERIOSCLEROSIS
Authors: Yajima Gonpachi
Published: January 2009

Renal arteriosclerosis was studied with a concept based on a sudden elevation of the hemodynamic pressure due to a pressure imbalance occurring between the glomerular and pre‐glomerular circulation.

Congenital pre‐sclerosis of the renal arteries and ‘physiological arteriosclerosis’ in various age groups were described. Pathological arteriosclerotic forms seen in arteriosclerotic diseases of the brain and the heart and hypertension were compared with those in the controls.

‘Dysorie’ changes observed in the malignant phase of chronic glomerulo‐nephritis and malignant nephrosclerosis were presented and discussed.

In order to clarify the most characteristic feature of renal circulatory disiurbance, some other renal diseases were demonstrated, and the relation between renal circulatory disorder and arteriolar damages was discussed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 107–121, 1968.
CORONARY SCLEROSIS
Authors: Otsu Syoichi
Published: January 2009

The human coronary arteries were examined both histologically and histometrically. The materials were obtained from autopsies of every decade of age, which consisted of 13 cases with and 41 without hypertension.

It was revealed that diffuse thickening of the intima in coronary arterial system develops earlier in age and more frequently than in the other, and the degeneration as well as fragmentation of the internal elastic lamina are prone to become apparent with aging. At the same time the internal elastic lamina and the media seem to be extended in many cases, resulting in thinning of the media and masking of its fibrosis.

Coronary sclerosis was more evident at the onset of its muscular type segment, being different from sclerosis in other arterial systems, and was morphologically divided into two types; eccentric and diffuse sclerosis. Although the former type causing eccentric stenosis of the lumen was more frequently encountered, it is noticeable that the latter showing marked pipe‐stem‐like stenosis was more often found in the coronary arterial system than in the others. This type seems to be formed on the basis of diffuse thickening of the intima. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 123–135, 1968.
PATHOGENESIS OF SO‐CALLED CONGENITAL ANEURYSMS OF THE BRAIN*,**
Authors: Sugai Masayoshi , Shoji Munesuke
Published: January 2009

The major and minute aneurysms of the cerebral arteries were investigated by means of morphological and statistical examination methods in a series consisting of 100 cases of subarachnoid hemorrhage, 28 cases of cerebral hemorrhage, and 54 cases of other diseases.

It was found that the VP of Rotter et al. first develops at the proximal part of the arterial fork and its distal part distends secondarily to the VP‐formation resulting in the formation of a minute aneurysm. Thereafter with the lapse of age, the minute aneurysm becomes increased in size in addition to arteriosclerotic changes and the saccular or so‐called congenital aneurysm is formed. During this process congenital or acquired factors promoting the aneurysm‐formation are also superimposed corporately with each other. As local factors circle anomalies of Willis, thinness and development of VP of cerebral arteries, retrograde or complicated branching, widening of the fork angle at bifurcation, etc. and as bodily systemic factor hypertension with aging process are mentioned, and some of them may also act favorably for the development of VP. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 139–160, 1968.
ANALYSIS OF ANTI‐TRANSPLANTATION IMMUNITY OF TUMOR
Authors: Itoh Tetsuo
Published: January 2009

In allogeneic immunity against tumors induced by methylcholanthrene in the W/KA strain rat, serum antibody agglutinated red blood cells of the W/KA strain rat. The allogeneic antiserum was cytotoxic to the lymphocyte, but not to the tumor cells induced by methylcholanthrene.

In vitro and in vivo studies of allogeneic immunization of tumor suggested that immune macrophages or histiocytes play a major role in the rejection of transplanted tumor. Direct adhesion of immune macrophages with target cells is necessary for destruction of allografted tumor.

In antitransplantation immunity of the syngeneic and autochthonous rat, there was no cytotoxic serum antibody demonstrable in so far as routine techniques were employed. However, this may not exclude the existence of specific serum antibody or non‐cytotoxic reaction with target cells of specific serum antibody. On the other hand, immune macrophages were always cytotoxic to target tumor cells, thus showing tumor specifity.

Experiment in which diffusion chambers were inserted into syngeneic immune rats suggested the possible participation of a humoral factor which was released from the immune rats immediately after contact with target cells and transform normal macrophages to immunologically active macrophages. The ascites macrophages have the greatest effective cytotoxic action among the three types of cells. In allogeneic tumor immunity, one immune macrophage can damage one target tumor cell showing single hit interaction. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 207–225, 1968.
EXPERIMENTAL PRODUCTION OF CHRONIC ULCER IN THE GLANDULAR STOMACH OF MICE BY ADMINISTRATION OF CORTISONE COMBINED WITH FASTING
Authors: Kubo Toshio
Published: January 2009

The present author has succeeded in producing chronic gastric ulcer in CF1 male mice, in a state of fasting, by subcutaneous administration of cortisone in large doses. It was elucidated that the process began with the formation of acute erosion which subs equently progressed to chronic ulcer. The chronic ulcer was produced within a period of 57 days from the start of the experiment. The ulcer was characterized by the presence of such mucosal fibrosis and marginal regenerates as commonly observable in chronic peptic ulcer in man. The ulcer occurred with a predilection for the pyloric area. In addition, the chronic changes in the mucosa, such as, cyst formation, intestinal metaplasia with Paneth cells, mucosal atrophy, or hyperplasia and glandular ectopia as well, were observed in many cases. ACTA PATH. JAP.18: 227–237, 1968.
ELASTOFIBROMA DORSI*
Authors: Enjoji Munetomo , Kikuchi Jiro
Published: January 2009

A case of a 71‐year‐old woman with a fibrous mass in each subscapular region is reported herein. The mass is identical with the tumors previously reported as elastofibroma dorsi, both clinically and histologically. The tumor is characterized by its subscapular location in elderly persons and by the presence of numerous elastic fibers and globules within dense collagenous tissue. It is hoped that this disease entity becomes more familiar among pathologists and surgeons, although its nature and histogenesis are still uncertain. ACTA PATH. JAP.18: 239–244, 1968.
AN AUTOPSY CASE OF ISLET‐CELL CARCINOMA WITH CUSHING'S SYNDROME*
Authors: Uei Yoshio , Kim U , Itatsu Yoshiaki
Published: January 2009

A case of islet‐cell carcinoma with Cushing's syndrome observed in a 9y‐ear‐old Japanese girl who expired 8 months after the onset of symptoms was presented. ACTH activity was demonstrated in the tumor by means of biological and immunological methods. Autopsy findings were consistent with the Cushing's syndrome except for a peculiar type of hyaline change of the pituitary cell, which was briefly discussed from the view point of corticotrophogenesis. Cases of islet‐cell tumor associated with Cushing's syndrome so far reported in the world literature were reviewed. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18: 333–343, 1968.
IN VITRO STUDIES ON MURINE VIRAL LEUKEMIA CELLS Role of Virus in Neoplastic Growth of Cells
Authors: Oboshi Shoichi
Published: January 2009

Murine viral leukemias are generally regarded as a neoplasm caused by virus infection. Since the role played by the causative viruses in maintenance of neoplastic character and in growth of leukemia cells may be one of the important problems in tumor pathology, the present author has investigated this problem using an in vitro cultured tumor cell line of Friend disease origin. The present paper is concerned with the author's opinion concerning this problem.
HEPATIC GLOMERULOSCLEROSIS‐LIGHT MICROSCOPIC STUDY OF AUTOPSY CASES
Authors: Sakaguchi Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

Kidneys of 85 cases of liver cirrhosis were examined by light microscope. In 8 cases advanced, and in 44 cases minimal hepatic glomerulosclerosis were noticed. The changes were characterized by enlargement of glomeruli, thickening of capillary loops and proliferation of mesangial cells. These changes were observed either focally or diffusely in the kidney. Examination of 1μ thick sections revealed the duplication or wrinkling of the basement membrane with or without occasional proteinaceous deposition. ACTA PATH. JAP. 18 :407–415, 1968.
ON THE VASCULAR LESIONS OF THROMBOTIC THROM‐BOCYTOPENIC PURPURA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS PATHOGENESIS*
Authors: Sugiyama Taketoshi
Published: January 2009

Morphological studies were made on the vascular lesions of five cases of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and those of other diseases as control.

The occurrence of thrombi at the bifurcations of arteriolocapillary junctions was characteristic of this disease. The side of thrombus attachment strongly suggested the important role of blood flow in the establishment of the thrombi. The granular nature, contraction and end‐othelialization process of an early thrombus, together with the lack of evidence of an increased vascular permeability at the bases of early granular thrombi suggested that the mural thrombi characteristically observed in this disease were formed as a consequence of organization process of minute intravascular platelet aggregations established on the endothelial cells at the bifurcation. The possible mechanism of endothelial involvement at the bifurcation, probably a fundamental event in this disease, was discussed from the view of immune disorder of vascular endothelium.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON BANTI'S SYNDROME
Authors: Fukuda Yoshiro
Published: January 2009

The liver and spleen of forty‐three autopsy and eighty‐one operated cases with Banti's syndrome and the control cases were examined histopathologically and histometrically, and the obtained results are summerized as follows.

There were flbrosis, cirrhosis and schistosomiasis of liver in Banti's syndrome. Nearly two‐thirds of the cases showed liver fibrosis.

In all the cases of liver fibrosis with Banti's syndrome, the diameter‐ratio of intrahepatic portal vein and hepatic artery in the aame periportal area was smaller than that of the control. Additional thrombosis of fibrously thickened stenotic portal vein was observed in intrahepatic as well as extrahepatic.

Definite contribution of biliary diseases, especially cholangitis, to thickening and stenosis of the portal veins, especially in the peripheral portion was emphasized.

Histopathologically, the spleens showed severer changes of splenic tissues in Banti's syndrome than those in cirrhosis of liver and cardiac diseases.

Histometrical examinations of the spleena with Banti'a syndrome revealed increase in total of all tissue elements, especially red pulp, which was composed of increased total pulp cords and sinuses with smaller sectional areas.

Three dimensional structure of the sinuses of the Banti's spleens revealed a more complicated structure, more anastomosis and blindly ended sinuses than that with cirrhosis of liver.
ANALYSIS OF CELL‐MEDIATED IMMUNE REACTIONS TO SYNGENEIC MOUSE TUMORS IN TISSUE CULTURE
Authors: Kikuchi Kokichi , Reiner Julius , Southam Chester M.
Published: January 2009

Destruction of Methylcholanthrene‐induced mouse sarcomas in tissue culture was mediated by lymphoid cells from syngeneic mice immunized with the same tumor. Serum or ascitic fluid from the same mouse had no effect. Complement was not required for the reaction. Target tumor cell monolayers growing on Millipore filters were destroyed by immune lymphoid cells added on the other side of the filter.

The results suggest that some diffusible substance(s) elaborated by immune lymphoid cells plays an important role in ‘cell‐mediated’ immune reactions in the syngeneic tumor‐host system.
ELECTRON‐HISTOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON THE LYSOSOME SYSTEM IN ASCITES HEPATOMA AH 13 CELLS
Authors: Sasaki Mitsuo , Takeuchi Tadao
Published: January 2009

Yoshida ascites hepatoma AH 13 cells were investigated by electron‐microscopy and by electron‐histochemistry combined with the metal precipitation technique for acid phosphatase, especially giving attention to the changes of lysosome system associated with enzyme activity.

Abundant deposition of intracellular glycogen appeared not only in form of rosettes, but also more frequently in monoparticulate fashion. Acid phosphatase activity was detectable in vacuolated lysosomes, but their intracellular distribution was a little more random in contrast with that of pericanalicular lysosomes of normal liver cells. In addition, the tumor cell lysosomes appeared slightly irregular in size compared with those of hepatocytes. So‐called myelin figures which were occasionally encountered In the tumor cell cytoplasm were also stainable for acid phosphatase. It is worth mentioning that the Golgi apparatus of AH 13 cells was also acid phosphatase positive contrary to the negative finding in Golgi apparatus of normal liver cells.

Glycogen‐containing lysosomes (glycogenosomes) were often found within or in the vicinity of cytoplasmic glycogen areas. The engulfed glycogen particles sometimes lost their granularity and high density, and became amorphous in appearance suggesting their lytic process within the organelle. In quite rare cases, glycogenosome membranes were stained for acid phosphatase.

The metabolism in lysosome system of AH 13 cells seems to be considerably different from that of normal liver cells.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON THE CEREBELLUM WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO CALCIFICATION OF THE PURKINJE CELL DENDRITES
Authors: Ishida Yoichi , Hashiba Yukiko , Narita Tadao , Tahara Sumie
Published: January 2009

Changes produced by intracerebral injection of alum phosphate and by administration of lead carbonate via maternal milk in the cerebellum of rats and rabbits were examined by light and electron microscopy.

Two different types of degeneration of Purkinje cells were described. The first type of change was of Alzheimer's neurotibrillary change and was found in the cerebellum of alum‐treated rabbits. It appeared as a focal cytoplasmic clearing of the Purkinje cell bodies and their major dendrites. The areas of clearing displayed marked argentophilia.

The second type of change in Purkinje cells was calcification of Purkinje cell dendrites. It was found both in animals with alum and lead encephalopathy. In routinely stained sections, it appeared as collections of tiny granules, rounded and club‐shaped bodies, or it had a bushy appearance (Pentschew) in the molecular layer. By electron microscopy this formation appeared as dense aggregates. The agglomerations were found to consist of small dense spheres, amorphous oval bodies and occasionally of closely packed needle‐shaped crystallines. It was suggested that calcification starts from the most peripheral portion of the Purkinje cell dendrites and extends later over the large areas of the cytoplasm. Abnormalities were also found in the synaptic connections of the Purkinje cell dendrites with axon terminals of the surrounding neuropil.
ULTRASTRUCTURAL STUDIES ON HUMAN ARTERIOSCLEROSIS‐COMPARISON BETWEEN HYPERTENSIVE AND NORMOTENSIVE GROUPS
Authors: Takebayashi Shigeo , Kamio Akinori
Published: January 2009

Systematic observation of arteriosclerosis by electron microscope was made on small arteries and arterioles of the stomach which were respected from 5 hypertensive cases and 6 normotensive cases who underwent surgery for gastric carcinoma or ulcer and which were fixed by perfusion with glutaraldehyde. Concurrently, three rabbits were used for animal experiments. Upon placing electrodes in the gastric wall of the rabbits, electric stimulation with 2.0 volt D.C. was repeated intermittently during the period of 5 to 12 days.

Repeated contraction of vessels resulted in crush‐up effect of smooth muscle cells beneath the internal elastic lamina and in transition of irregularly minced cytoplasms into small osmophilic particles. At the same time dark cells appeared among the smooth muscle cells in the vicinity. The same findings were frequently noted in the lesions of gastric artery of man particularly in the hypertensive group. It was apparent that repeated angiospasm is an important factor for the histogenesis of sclerotic vascular lesion.

The cells proliferating beneath the endothelial cells in arteriosclerosis were smooth muscle cells, and the direction of the proliferated smooth muscle cell layers did not necessarily conform with that of the media. They originated in the media and penetrated through the fenestrae of the internal elastic lamina.

Fibrinoid necrosis and hyalinous thickening of arterioles were observed fairly frequently in the hypertensive group but always accompanied with intensive irregular atrophy or disappearance of the medial smooth muscle cells.

Vascular lesions with initial thickening showed formation of new elastic lamina most of which was elastic fibers consisting of microfibrillar components. The additional formation of elastic fibers was particularly strong in the hypertensive group as the whole.
LETTERER‐SIWE DISEASE AND EOSINOPHILIC GRANULOMA CASE REPORT INCLUDING THE ULTRASTRUCTURAL FINDINGS OF THE HISTIOCYTES PROLIFERATING IN THESE DISORDERS
Authors: Kondo Yoichiro , Tomioka Hisao , Itoh Mitsumasa
Published: January 2009

Two autopsy cases of Letterer‐Siwe disease and a bone lesion of eosinophilic granuloma obtained at surgical operation have been presented.

Electron microscopic examination of the skin lesion of one case of Letterer‐Siwe disease revealed that the histiocytes accumulating in the dermis contained characteristic Langerhans cell granules. The number of granules was variable due probably to cell maturation or activity. Similar histiocytes containing the Langerhans cell granules were observed in the bone lesion of eosinophilic granuloma.

From this, it is assumed that the histocytes in these disorders have a common functional property.

In addition, the possible origin of the epidermal Langerhans cell was also discussed in relation to these findings.
RETICULUM CELL SARCOMA OF THE THYROID—A CASE REPORT—
Authors: Kirshbaum Jack D. , Matsuo Takeshi , Nishimura Ryusuke
Published: January 2009

A case report of a reticulum cell sarcoma of the thyroid is presented. The replacement of the thyroid except for the left upper lobe by a solid tumor mass suggested the thyroid as a primary site. The tumor involved the surrounding strap muscles and trachea. Lymph nodes were only minimally involved. In a review of 152 autopsy cases of malignant lymphoma from the files of ABCC in Nagasaki and Hiroshima, the thyroid showed focal interstitial infiltrations in 20 cases: reticulum cell sarcoma in 9, lymphosarcoma in 9 and Hodgkin's disease in 2. In only one case was a solid tumor (0.3 cm) found in the thyroid. The diagnostic features of primary reticulum cell sarcoma of the thyroid and its distinguishing features from the small cell carcinoma are discussed.

The diagnosis of malignant lymphoma of the thyroid must be based upon the gross and histological features. The clinical history and the anatomic distribution of this disease may also be of diagnostic aid in the final diagnosis.
HISTOPATHOLOGICAL STUDY ON PROGRESSIVE MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY—REPORT OF A CASE WITH AUTOPSY FINDINGS—
Authors: Takayama Kazuo , Yagawa Kanichi , Takahashi Akiko , Nishio Hironori , Sudo Morio , Sasaki Nobuyuki , Yoshida Toru , Satoh Masanobu , Abiko Hisaaki , Nunokawa Akio , Okazaki Mitsuo
Published: January 2009

A typical case of the Duchenne type of progressive muscular dystrophy with autopsy findings was presented. Changes in the myocardial and smooth muscle of many organs were found, and the skeletal muscles also revealed florid changes.

Histopathological examination of the skeletal muscle was made in detail through light and electron microscopic observation.
SPECIFIC AND NONSPECIFIC STRUCTURES DEVELOPING IN INFLAMMATORY RHEUMATIC DISEASES
Authors: Fassbender H.G.
Published: January 2009

The specific morphological substrate of rheumatic fever is the Aschoff's granuloma. However, the process may also take a purely exudative course, showing no morphological characteristics whatever. The clinical picture of primary chronic polyarthritis (PCP) is determined by the exudative processes taking place in the joints and in other mesodermic cavities. The inflammation is quite noncharacteristic from a morphological aspect. Contrary to this, necrotic foci with surrounding histiogenic palisade structure should be considered specific. The substrate of necrosis may be: tendon, synovial tissue, myocardium, or arterial wall. The special immunological conditions existing in such cases are marked by the rheumatic factor being always positive. Retrospectively, the muscle‐aggressive form of rheumatic fever again gains in significance: here, morphological and immunological parallels seem to exist between rheumatic fever and PCP, two diseases that otherwise are entirely different from an etiological point of view. In either case, an auto‐aggressive immuno‐mechanism leads to local necrosis and to subsequent environmental reaction of exactly histogenous but different nature. While being only one out of many possibilities for the origination of capillary affection and exudation, the immuno‐mechanism plays the leading part in the formation of primary tissue necrosis. This is why morphological specificity in similar immuno‐mechanisms is dependent on the structure of the substrate affected in each particular case: Capillary defect means nonspecific exudation, tissue defect means specific necrosis.
PATHOLOGICAL STUDIES ON AMYLOIDOSIS—HISTOPATHOLOGY OF SENILE CARDIAC AMYLOIDOSIS—
Authors: Ikee Yoshihiko
Published: January 2009

Senile cardiac amyloidosis is found in aged persons, with greater prevalence in the older age groups. Amyloid deposition is localized in the heart, especially in the myocardial interstitium of the atrial septum just beneath the endocardium. The compression and atrophy of the myocardial fibers are frequently detected in the atrial subendocardium. Electrocardiographic abnormalities such as low voltage in limb leads, bundle branch block and atrioventricular block are more frequently observed in the patients with senile cardiac amyloidosis.
AN APPROACH TO THE IMMUNOLOGICAL REGRESSION OF THE TUMOR
Authors: Kobayashi Hiroshi
Published: January 2009

The author reported that the tumors induced by Friend virus in rats are histologically lymphosarcomas, but they do not grow well in normal isologous rats. Even when the tumors grow initially, they regress later. In the same manner as the above, when several transplantable tumors in rats, which had developed spontaneously or had been induced by chemical carcinogens, are artificially infected Friend virus, they do not grow in each susceptible strain of rats as in the Friend virus‐induced tumors. These rat tumors induced by Friend virus or artificially infected with Friend virus can grow in rats only when the host is Friend‐tolerant or immunologically depressed. The mechanism on the regression of the tumors in the rat was discussed from the viewpoint of immunopathological studies.