bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mutual Fund Industry in Pakistan
Authors: Waheed Amjad
Published: July 2019

Pakistan experienced the reverberations starting in 1988 of the
changes that swept the Asian emerging markets. To create an investment
friendly environment the GoP adopted liberal economic policies of
deregulation, privatisation, opening of capital markets to foreigners,
liberalisation of foreign exchange regulations and dismantling of investment
control - policies that lead to a significant increase in direct and indirect
foreign investment in the country.
Note
Child Labour - Facts and Fiction
Authors: Khan Chaudhry Mahmood Ali
Published: July 2019

Child labour exists throughout the third world including Pakistan.
For some unknown reason, the Western Press has chosen to single out
Pakistan to decry the system. The May 1997 issue of the Readers’ Digest
carried a particularly vicious article entitled `No Life for a Child’ giving
harrowing tales of beatings and other forms of coercion to make little
children in Pakistan to work in factories. Advantage is taken of the fact that
there has been no census in the country for two decades to bloat the figures
of child labour. One estimate going the rounds is 15 million. But the more
popular figure is 8 million which both UNICEF and SAARC have adopted.
ILO produced a figure of 6.3 million till, in 1996 it sponsored a survey
which turned up the figure of 3.3 million. In a country with a population of
132 million, every man, woman and child of which is under a debt burden
of about Rs 13,021 per annum the figure of 3.3 million labouring children
should not take anyone by surprise. Not that this is any justification for
child labour.
Note:
Public Policy: The Implementation Gap
Authors: Ahmed Viqar
Published: July 2019

Policy formulation and implementation are the chief, though not the
only, business of a modern government, implying exercise of its power. In a
democracy the people themselves grant permission to the government to
exercise power in their name. Thus through the democratic process power is
transformed into legitimate authority. However, there is a feeling that a
policy, formulated through due procedures at the highest echelons of the
government, is sometimes not implemented in the same spirit or in the
same way as was originally intended by the policy makers. Thus there If
need to locate and identify the points where such lapses take place.
The basic methods of rational justification elements of the technology of surface irrigation by furrows
Authors: A.A. Terpigorev , M.S. Zverkov
Published: July 2019

One of the main tasks in mechanized surface irrigation is to ensure the uniformity of distribution of irrigation norms along the length of the furrow, reducing the limit of discharges and reducing water losses to deep spillage. The magnitude of the technical elements of furrow irrigation is prescribed on the basis of permeability of soils, slope of the field surface, the value of irrigation norms to create the moisture reserves in the calculation of the soil, determining the development of the main mass of the root system of plants and technologies of their cultivation. Discusses various approaches to substantiation of rational elements of the technology of surface irrigation. Most appropriate to address the issue of rational justification of the elements of the technology of surface irrigation are the balance equations. Examples of balance equations based on the theory of infiltration absorption, developed by A.N. Kostyakova. Offered as possible solutions to the form of balance equations of water movement in a furrow and absorption of irrigation norms. It is expected that the dependence will simplify the approach to the assignment of rational parameters of elements of the mechanized watersaving furrow irrigation technology for specific production and economic conditions for ensuring the uniformity of soil moisture along the length of irrigation furrows not less 0.7...0.8 and justify the requirements to the technical means of irrigation.
The new antierosion and water saving technologies and tools for soil cultivation under the conditions of Uzbekistan
Authors: F.M. Mamatov , B.S. Mirzaev
Published: July 2019

The purpose of the research is developing technology and technical tools for soil cultivation, which contributes water conservation and prevention of water erosion on sloping lands. The technology of soil cultivation on sloping lands exposed to water erosion, basic schemes and designs of a two-tier ripper and a plow for row-stepping plowing have been developed. The results of experimental and field tests of developed tools showed that they are significantly superior than the serial machines in terms of their main performance indicators, they help to preserve soil from water erosion, allow to improve the quality of soil cultivation, reduce energy costs, and increase the productivity of aggregates. Using two-level soil-ripper with inclined stands and a plow for stepped-stump plowing, allowed to reduce labor costs by 18.75 % and 14.4 %, fuel consumption by 19.12 % and 14.25 %, and increase labor productivity by 18.96 % and 14.28 %.
Water-saving irrigation technologies and water use efficiency in agriculture
Authors: Ya.E. Pulatov
Published: July 2019

Results of researches of water saving up technologies for irrigation of agricultural crops and effective utilization of water resources in the Tajikistan are described. The comparative estimation of usage methods of water savings is spent and proved that the cheapest method of additional safeguarding of volume of water (up 1000 м3) appeared during introduction of water saving up technologies for irrigation at which expenses is only 1…5 US dollars. It is established that on prospect for maintenance of food safety for Tajikistan it is necessary to develop the suitable new earths for irrigation equal 500…800 thousand hectare, thus a total perspective water fence for all branches of economy will reach volume 18 км3. Lacks of existing system irrigation are revealed that efficiency of use of irrigating water very low and make up from 0.4 to 0.6. Water saving up technologies depending on investment of capital is divided into 2 groups: water saving up technologies, demanding small expenses and demanding big expenses. It is established that at a drop irrigation of a cotton, corn, vegetable cultures and microirrigation of wheat, the economy of irrigating water reaches up to 60 %, and productivity raises in 1.8 … 2.0 times.
KONDISI TUTUPAN KARANG PULAU KAPOPOSANG, KABUPATEN PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN, PROVINSI SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Papu Adelfia
Published: July 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian untuk menentukan kondisi tutupan karang di Pulau Kapoposang, Kabupaten Pangkajene, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Pulau Kapoposang merupakan salah satu Daerah Perlindungan Laut (DPL) di Indonesia dan data kondisi tutupan karang merupakan informasi yang sangat penting untuk mengontrol kondisi laut tersebut. Sampling dengan menggunakan metode transek garis menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata persentase tutupan karang sebesar 48,53% dan tergolong tutupan sedang. CONDITION IN KAPOPOSANG ISLAND, DISTRICT OF PANGKAJENE KEPULAUAN, SOUTH SULAWESIABSTRACTA research was carried out to determine the condition of Coral covering in Kapoposang Island, District of Pangkajene Kepulauan, South Sulawesi. Kapoposang Island is one of Marine Protected Area (MPA) in Indonesia and data of coral covering condition is very important information to control the marine area. Transect line method for sampling showed that average percentage of coral covering was 48,53% and it was classified as moderate coral reef covering.
IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR RHODAMIN B PADA JAJANAN KUE BERWARNA MERAH MUDA YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA MANADO
Authors: Yamlean Paulina V.Y
Published: July 2019

IDENTIFIKASI DAN PENETAPAN KADAR RHODAMIN B PADA JAJANAN KUE BERWARNA MERAH MUDA YANG BEREDAR DI KOTA MANADO Paulina V. Y. Yamlean1) 1)Program Studi Farmasi FMIPA Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, 95115; Email:olan_0506@yahoo.co.id ABSTRAK Rhodamin B adalah pewarna terlarang yang sering ditemukan pada makanan, terutama makanan jajanan. Rhodamin B, yaitu zat pewarna berupa serbuk kristal berwarna hijau atau ungu kemerahan, tidak berbau, serta mudah larut dalam larutan warna merah terang berfluoresan sebagai bahan pewarna tekstil atau pakaian. Jenis jajanan yang banyak dijumpai dan dicampuri dengan Rhodamin B, antara lain bubur delima, cendol, kolang-kaling, cincau dan kue-kue lainnya. Setelah dicampuri bahan ini makanan tersebut menjadi berwarna merah muda terang. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh membuktikan bahwa sampel-sampel kue berwarna merah muda yang beredar di kota Manado ada yang positif menggunakan Rhodamin B. Kata kunci: kue berwarna merah muda, rhodamin B   IDENTIFICATION AND DETERMINATION LEVEL OF RHODAMIN B ON STREET FOOD PINC CAKE THAT CIRCULATION TO MANADO CITY ABSTRACT Rhodamin B is the illegal dyes that is often found in food, especially street foods. Rhodamin B, which is a dye form crystalline powder colored green or reddish purple, odorless, easily soluble in  bright red fluoroscence solution as dye of textiles or apparel. Types of street food that are often found and mixed with Rhodamin B, amon pomegranate porridge, cendol, fro, grass jelly and other pastries. After mix with Rhodamon B, all that food becomes light pink. The results of research has obtained prove that the samples pink cake that circulated in Manado citythere are positive use of Rhodamin B. Keywords: pink cake, rhodamin B
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TUMBUHAN SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida [L.] Kunth)
Authors: Sitorus Erwin , Momuat Lidya Irma , Katja Dewa Gede
Published: July 2019

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN TUMBUHAN SURUHAN (Peperomia pellucida [L.] Kunth) ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari aktivitasantioksidan tumbuhan suruhan, dengan mengukur  total antioksidan tumbuhan pada keadaan segar dan kering, serta tanpa dan dengan pemanasan.  Total antioksidan diukurmenggunakan metode FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power) dan absorbansinya dibaca padaspektrofotometer UV-Vis dengan panjang gelombang 593 nm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total antioksidan ekstrak suruhan kering sebesar 3,25 mmol/100g dan ekstrak suruhan segar 0,21 mmol/100g. Total antioksidan tertinggi pada ekstrak suruhan kering dengan pemanasan 4,05 mmol/100g, diikuti oleh ekstrak suruhan kering tanpa pemanasan 2,44 mmol/100g, ekstrak suruhan segar dengan pemanasan 0,35 mmol/100g dan ekstrak suruhan segar tanpa pemanasan 0,08 mmol/100g. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kandungan total antioksidan ekstrak suruhan kering lebih tinggi daripada ekstrak suruhan segar, dan pemanasan pada suhu 100oC selama 15 menit meningkatkan total antioksidan dalam ekstrak tumbuhan suruhan. Kata kunci: Peperomia pellucida, total antioksidan, metode FRAP  ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF Peperomia pellucida [L.] Kunth ABSTRACT This research aims to study the antioxidant activity ofPeperomia pellucida, by measuring the total antioxidant of the fresh and driedplant extract, withorwithoutheated.The total antioxidantwas measured using the method of Ferric ReducingAntioxidantPower (FRAP) and the absorbance read at 593 of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the total antioxidant of Peperomia p. dried extract was 3.25 mmol/100g and the fresh extract was mmol/100g 0.21. Dried Peperomia p.extract with heatedhasthe highest total antioxidant(4,05 mmol/100g), followedby thedry extractwithout heated(2.44mmol/100g), the fresh extract with heated(0.35 mmol/100g) and without heated (0.08 mmol/100g). This study concluded that the total antioxidant of dried extract of Peperomia p. was higher than the fresh extract, and heating at 100 °C for 15 min increase total antioxidant of the plant extract. Keywords: Peperomia pellucida, total antioxidant, FRAP method
SOIL DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY: A COMPARISON BETWEEN THE TTC AND INT METHOD. A REVIEW
Authors: Mambu Susan Marlein
Published: July 2019

ABSTRACT Soil enzyme activities are very sensitive to both natural and anthropogenic disturbances and show a quick response to the induced change. Soil dehydrogenase enzyme are one of the main components of soil enzymatic activities participating in and assuring the correct sequence of all the biochemical routes in soil biogeochemical cycles. Dehydrogenase activity is measured by two methods using the TTC and INT substrate. Different biotic and abiotic factors such as incubation time and temperature, pre-incubation, soil aeration and moisture content have significant effect on dehydrogenase activity in soil. Dehydrogenase enzyme is often used as a measure of any disruption caused by pesticides, trace elements or management practices to the soil, as well as a direct measure of soil microbial activity. This review describes the role of intracellular enzyme-dehydrogenase in the soil environment, and the most common laboratory procedure used for measure dehydrogenase activity by two methods using the TCC and INT substrate. Keywords: Dehydrogenase Activities, Flooded Soils, Soil Quality   AKTIVITAS DEHIDROGENASE TANAH: KAJIAN PERBANDINGAN ANTARA TTC DAN METODE INT ABSTRAK   Aktivitas enzim tanah sangat sensitif terhadap gangguan yang disebabkan oleh alam dan antropogenik dan menunjukkan respon yang cepat terhadap perubahan yang terjadi. Enzim tanah dehidrogenase adalah salah satu komponen utama dari aktivitas enzim tanah yang berpartisipasi dalam siklus biogeokimia tanah. Aktivitas dehidrogenase dapat diukur dengan menggunakan dua metode TTC dan INT substrat. Perbedaan faktor biotik dan abiotik seperti waktu inkubasi dan suhu, pre-inkubasi, aerasi tanah dan kadar air memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada aktivitas dehidrogenase dalam tanah. Enzim dehidrogenase sering digunakan sebagai ukuran dari gangguan yang disebabkan oleh pestisida, elemen atau manajemen pengelolaan tanah, serta dapat mengukur langsung aktivitas mikroba tanah. Ulasan ini menjelaskan peran enzim dehidrogenase intraseluler dalam lingkungan tanah, dan prosedur laboratorium yang paling umum digunakan untuk mengukur kegiatan dehidrogenase, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode TTC dan INT substrat. Kata Kunci: Aktivitas Dehidrogenase Tanah, TTC, INT
Synthesis of pyrrolo[1,2-a]quinolines by formal 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions of quinolinium salts
Authors: Choi Anthony , Morley Rebecca M , Coldham Iain
Published: July 2019

Quinolinium salts, Q+-CH2-CO2Me Br− and Q+-CH2-CONMe2 Br− (where Q = quinoline), were prepared from quinolines. Deprotonation of these salts with triethylamine promoted the reaction of the resulting quinolinium ylides (formally azomethine ylides) with electron-poor alkenes by conjugate addition followed by cyclization or by [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition. The pyrroloquinoline products were formed as single regio- and stereoisomers. These could be converted to other derivatives by Suzuki–Miyaura coupling, reduction or oxidation reactions.
Hybrid-kinetic Simulations of Ion Heating in Alfvénic Turbulence
Authors: Arzamasskiy Lev , Kunz Matthew W. , Chandran Benjamin D. G. , Quataert Eliot
Published: July 2019

We present three-dimensional, hybrid-kinetic numerical simulations of driven Alfvén-wave turbulence of relevance to the collisionless near-Earth solar wind. Special attention is paid to the spectral transition that occurs near the ion-Larmor scale and to the origins of preferential perpendicular ion heating and of nonthermal wings in the parallel distribution function. Several novel diagnostics are used to show that the ion heating rate increases as the kinetic-Alfvén-wave fluctuations, which comprise the majority of the sub-ion-Larmor turbulent cascade, attain near-ion-cyclotron frequencies. We find that ≈75%–80% of the cascade energy goes into heating the ions, broadly consistent with the near-Earth solar wind. This heating is accompanied by clear velocity-space signatures in the particle energization rates and the distribution functions, including a flattened core in the perpendicular-velocity distribution and non-Maxwellian wings in the parallel-velocity distribution. The latter are attributed to transit-time damping and the pitch-angle scattering of perpendicularly heated particles into the parallel direction. Accompanying these features is a steepening of the spectral index of sub-ion-Larmor magnetic-field fluctuations beyond the canonical −2.8, as field energy is transferred to thermal energy. These predictions may be tested by measurements in the near-Earth solar wind.
Strongly Magnetized White Dwarfs and Their Instability Due to Nuclear Processes
Authors: Otoniel E. , Franzon B. , Carvalho G. A. , Malheiro M. , Schramm S. , Weber F.
Published: July 2019

In this work, we study the properties of strongly magnetized white dwarfs (WDs), taking into account the electron capture and pycnonuclear fusion reactions instabilities. The structure of WDs is obtained by solving the Einstein–Maxwell equations with a poloidal magnetic field in a fully general relativistic treatment. The stellar fluid is assumed to be composed of a regular crystal lattice made of carbon ions immersed in a degenerate relativistic electron gas. The onset of electron capture reactions and pycnonuclear reactions are determined with and without magnetic fields. We find that magnetized WDs significantly exceed the standard Chandrasekhar mass limit, even when electron capture and pycnonuclear fusion reactions are present in the stellar interior. We obtain a maximum white dwarf mass of around 2.14 M⊙ for a central magnetic field of ∼3.85 × 1014 G, which indicates that magnetized WDs may play a crucial role for the interpretation of superluminous type Ia supernovae. Furthermore, we show that the critical density for pycnonuclear fusion reactions limits the central white dwarf density to 9.35 × 109 g cm−3. As a consequence, equatorial radii of WDs cannot be smaller than ∼1100 km. Another interesting feature concerns the relationship between the central stellar density and the strength of the magnetic field at the core of a magnetized white dwarf. For high magnetic fields, we find that the central density increases (stellar radius decrease) with magnetic field strength, which makes highly magnetized WDs more compact. The situation is reversed if the central magnetic field is less than ∼1013 G.
Global Distribution of Far-ultraviolet Emissions from Highly Ionized Gas in the Milky Way
Authors: Jo Young-Soo , Seon Kwang-il , Min Kyoung-Wook , Edelstein Jerry , Han Wonyong , Korpela Eric J. , Sirk Martin M.
Published: July 2019

We present all-sky maps of two major far-ultraviolet cooling lines, C iv and O vi, of highly ionized gas to investigate the nature of the transition-temperature gas. From the extinction-corrected line intensities of C iv and O vi, we calculated the gas temperature and the emission measure of the transition-temperature gas assuming isothermal plasma in the collisional ionization equilibrium. The gas temperature was found to be more or less uniform throughout the Galaxy with a value of (1.89 ± 0.06) × 105 K. The emission measure of the transition-temperature gas is described well by a disk-like model in which the scale height of the electron density is

kpc. The total mass of the transition-temperature gas is estimated to be approximately

. We also calculated the volume-filling fraction of the transition-temperature gas, which was estimated to be f = 0.26 ± 0.09, and it varies from f ∼ 0.37 in the inner Galaxy to f ∼ 0.18 in the outer Galaxy. The spatial distribution of C iv and O vi cannot be explained by a simple supernova remnant model or a three-phase model. The combined effects of supernova remnants and turbulent mixing layers can explain the intensity ratio of C iv and O vi. Thermal conduction front models and high-velocity cloud models are also consistent with our observation.
A key to the North American genera of Stipeae (Poaceae, Pooideae) with descriptions and taxonomic names for species of Eriocoma, Neotrinia, Oloptum, and five new genera: Barkworthia, ×Eriosella, Pseudoeriocoma, Ptilagrostiella, and Thorneochloa
Authors: Peterson Paul M. , Romaschenko Konstantin , Soreng Robert J. , Valdés Reyna Jesus
Published: July 2019

Based on earlier molecular DNA studies we recognize 14 native Stipeae genera and one intergeneric hybrid in North America. We provide descriptions, new combinations, and 10 illustrations for species of Barkworthiagen. nov., Eriocoma, Neotrinia, Oloptum, Pseudoeriocomagen. nov., Ptilagrostiellagen. nov., Thorneochloagen. nov., and ×Eriosellanothogen. nov. The following 40 new combinations are made: Barkworthiastillmanii, Eriocomaalta, E.arida, E.arnowiae, E.bloomeri, E.bracteata, E.contracta, E.coronata, E.curvifolia, E.hendersonii, E.latiglumis, E.lemmonii, E.lemmoniissp.pubescens, E.lettermanii, E.lobata, E.nelsonii, E.nelsoniissp.dorei, E.nevadensis, E.occidentalis, E.occidentalisssp.californica, E.occidentalisssp.pubescens, E.parishii, E.parishiissp.depaupertata, E.perplexa, E.pinetorum, E.richardsonii, E.robusta, E.scribneri, E.swallenii, E.thurberiana, E.wallowaensis, ×Eriosellacaduca, Pseudoeriocomaacuta, P.constricta, P.editorum, P.eminens, P.hirticulmis, P.multinodis, Ptilagrostiellakingii, and Thorneochloadiegoensis. A key to the native and introduced genera of North American Stipeae, and an overview of the tribe in North America and worldwide are given. Lectotypes are designated for Eriocomacuspidata Nutt., Fendleriarhynchelytroides Steud., Stipabloomeri Bol., Stipacoronata Thurb., Stipamembranacea Pursh, Stipamormonum Mez, Stiparichardsonii Link, and Stipawilliamsii Scribn. Achnatherum s.s. and Piptatherum s.s. are now restricted to Eurasia and the Mediterranean/Asia, respectively.
La suppression du travail immédiat comme facteur décisif de la production dans les Grundrisse de K. Marx
Authors: Texier Jacques
Published: July 2019

In 1857- 1858, Marx put forward the following radically innovative thesis : the material mode of production characteristic of capitalism is increasingly the result of the technological appliance of science, of its transformation into a direct productive force. As a result, the decisive factor in material prodiiction is no longer unmediated work, but the appliance of the productive power of general intellect, of man's social mind. In thus transforming its material mode of production, capital abolishes its own base : the tendency of capital towards universal development clashes with the narrowness of its base, which matches use value to exchange value.
La critique généalogique chez Nietzsche : science de l'humain et normativité éthique
Authors: Quiniou Yvon
Published: July 2019

Nietzsche's contribution must be re-evaluated in the perspective of a causal-genealogical science of moral standards which refers back to the « prius » which is life. The point at which vitality and normativity need each other must be re-invested in order to avoid the dualisms opposing the « be » and the « ought-to-be B.
Etude éthologique des premières interactions enfant-parents lors de la naissance
Authors: Rousseau Pierre , Matton Florence , Lécuyer Renaud , Batita Iness , Lahaye Willy
Published: July 2019

La première partie de cet article résume les recherches réalisées sur les comportements d’attachement de l’enfant à la mère et/ou au père et de bonding des parents à l’enfant ainsi que sur les interactions neurobiologiques qui ont lieu pendant la grossesse et à la naissance entre la mère et son enfant. La seconde partie présente les données d’une étude microanalytique de 31 vidéos des premières interactions enfant-parents qui construisent les liens émotionnels enfant-parents en trois étapes lors de la naissance. La première étape est celle de l’attachement et du bonding qui résultent d’interactions entre la cascade de réactions de défense du système PEUR du nouveau-né et les réflexes de protection et d’apaisement des système PEUR et/ou SOIN de la mère et/ou du père. Les réactions les plus intenses du nouveau-né, collapsus et immobilité tonique, étaient significativement corrélées au stress prénatal maternel (p = 0,015) et pourraient en augmenter les risques de troubles du développement physique et mental de l’enfant. La deuxième étape consiste en échanges de regards qui peuvent apaiser le nouveau-né et déclencher la formation d’un lien amoureux avec sa mère et/ou son père s’ils sont émotionnellement disponibles pour accepter le regard de leur enfant. L’allaitement au sein peut constituer une troisième étape dans la construction et surtout le renforcement des liens entre la mère et son enfant. Une première implication de ces données concerne l’éducation anténatale à la parentalité qui devrait informer les parents du rôle des premières interactions à la naissance dans la formation des liens et les préparer, surtout les mères, à être disponibles pour apaiser leur enfant et s’engager dans la rencontre de son regard. Pour les professionnels, une autre implication est de ne pas entraver les premières interactions entre le nouveau-né, sa mère et/ou son père lors de l’accouchement car elles sont constitutives des liens d’attachement et de bonding .
Le Cercle de sécurité parental, ou l’importance d’améliorer les représentations parentales : deux études de cas
Authors: Bisaillon Claud , Richard-Fortier Zoé , Navarro Johanna
Published: July 2019

Le Cercle de sécurité parental (COS-P ; Cooper, Hoffman et Powell, 2009) vise à favoriser un attachement sécurisant chez le jeune enfant en aidant les parents à mieux reconnaître les besoins d’attachement de leur enfant et à développer leur fonction réflexive parentale (FRP). Des études de cas incluant des mesures pré-test, post-est et relance permettent de constater qu’une mère a démontré une augmentation importante de sa FRP, de pair avec une amélioration plus importante de ses représentations parentales, alors que de tels progrès n’ont pas été observés chez l’autre mère. Ces résultats appuient l’indication de COS-P pour une population à faible risque.
Tularemia in a Prosthetic Joint Infection
Authors: Azua Eric N. , Voss Lynn A.
Published: July 2019

Periprosthetic infections occur in approximately 0.8% to 1.9% of all total knee arthroplasties (TKAs). Even with these low rates, it is rare to find a zoonotic bacterium causing a periprosthetic infection. In this case report, the authors identify the second documented case of a total joint infection with
Francisella tularensis
in the world and the first in the United States. A 58-year-old man underwent a left TKA in 1994 and a right TKA in 1997 for severe primary bilateral knee osteoarthrosis. In 2015, he underwent polyethylene exchange for polyethylene wear. Subsequently, he developed repeated effusion without fever or constitutional signs of infection. One aspiration was sent for culture and grew
F tularensis
. He was treated with doxycycline for chronic suppression and currently has no signs of infection. Total joint implantation rates are expected to rise, with 3.5 million procedures projected to be performed annually by the year 2030 vs 450,000 procedures performed in 2005. With the increased number of operations, it is likely that zoonotic infections will increase as well. Thus, rare zoonotic bacterial infections as well as chronic outdoor exposure in the presence of persistent joint swelling should be considered when obtaining a patient history. [
Orthopedics
. 2020; 43(1):e54–e56.]
Orthopedic Surgeons Have Inadequate Knowledge of the Cost of Trauma-Related Imaging Studies
Authors: Schultz Blake , Fogel Nathaniel , Finlay Andrea , Collinge Cory , Githens Michael F. , Higgins Thomas , Mehta Samir , O'Toole Robert V. , Summers Hobie , Bishop Julius A. , Gardner Michael J.
Published: July 2019

Radiographic imaging is integral to the diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic injuries. Previous studies have shown that orthopedists consistently underestimate the price of implants, but their knowledge of imaging charges is unknown. This study evaluated whether orthopedic residents and faculty could accurately estimate charges of imaging modalities at their respective institutions. A survey with 10 common imaging studies was sent to 8 academic level I trauma centers. Participants estimated the total charge of each imaging modality. This was compared with the actual charge at their institution. Seven centers produced 162 responders: 74 faculty and 88 residents. The differences between the estimated cost and the billing charge were calculated and broken down by training level and imaging modality. Overall, imaging charges were underestimated by 31% (
P
<.001), with 19.4% of estimates being within 20% of actual charges (95% confidence interval, 19.1–19.9). There was no difference between training levels (
P
=.69). There was greater than 1000% variation in charges between institutions. Orthopedists across training levels underestimate hospital charges associated with common imaging studies, and there is a large variation in charges between centers. Awareness of charges is important because charges affect clinical decision making and are relevant to practicing both cost-conscious and clinically sound medicine. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(5):e454–e459.]
Return to Sport Following Hemiarthroplasty With Concentric Reaming Versus Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Matched Pair Analysis
Authors: Garcia Grant H. , Gowd Anirudh K. , Liu Joseph N. , Malaret Marissa R. , Cabarcas Brandon C. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: July 2019

The purpose of this study was to establish functional outcomes regarding return to sport activity for patients receiving anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) vs the ream and run procedure (hemi RR). Patients who underwent hemi RR and who underwent aTSA with a polyethylene glenoid component for end-stage glenohumeral arthritis were retrospectively identified from 2000 to 2014. Patients were matched regarding age, body mass index, sex, and hand dominance. Patients were surveyed to determine their level of sport and satisfaction after surgery. At a mean follow-up of 69.1±24.8 months, a total of 26 hemi RR and 30 aTSA patients met inclusion/exclusion criteria. Mean±SD age at the time of surgery was 53.0±8.5 years. There was no statistical difference between the two cohorts regarding patients who reported no postoperative problems (69.2% vs 76.7%,
P
=.529), reoperation (11.5% vs 6.7%,
P
=.522), return to overall sport (94.4% vs 86.4%,
P
=.395), return to high-demand upper-extremity sport (92.3% vs 81.3%,
P
=.390), and return to same or better level of intensity sport (83.3% vs 72.7%,
P
=.424). Patients returned to sport at a mean of 7.5±5.7 months and 6.2±3.6 months in the hemi RR and aTSA cohorts, respectively (
P
=.485). Radiographic measurements of medialization (mean, −2.4±5.0 vs −2.2±5.7;
P
=.913) and postoperative decentering (mean, 3.6%±2.6% vs 4.3%±3.3%;
P
=.795) were equivalent for the two cohorts. Hemi RR was found to have high and equivalent rates of sporting outcomes, clinical outcomes, and radiographic outcomes compared with aTSA. As appropriately indicated patients are counseled for surgery, realistic expectations regarding sports should be discussed. [
Orthopedics
. 2019; 42(5):276–284.]
Análisis del ciclo de vida de un edificio con estructura de madera contralaminada en Granada-España
Authors: Vidal R. , Sánchez-Pantoja N. , Martínez G.
Published: July 2019

Se ha estudiado un edificio residencial con estructura de madera laminada en Granada (España) con la metodología de análisis del ciclo de vida, análisis energético del ciclo de vida y análisis de sensibilidad a cambios en la eficiencia energética durante el uso, bases de datos, distancia del transporte y diferentes escenarios para los residuos. Los impactos ambientales de las etapas de producción de materiales y construcción, así como la energía embebida fueron relativamente significantes. El valor del calentamiento global ha sido muy bajo debido al secuestro de CO2 por la madera. El análisis de sensibilidad ha revelado que la mayor reducción se consigue con la mejora de la eficiencia energética, la alta incertidumbre en los impactos de las declaraciones ambientales de producto, el escaso efecto del transporte de larga distancia sobre los impactos totales y la viabilidad de conseguir el objetivo de valorización de la Directiva Marco para el horizonte 2020 (mayor del 70%).
Evaluación de las Acciones Eólicas Transversales en Edificios de más de 50m mediante Métodos Analíticos
Authors: Muñoz C. , Fortea I. , Albareda A.
Published: July 2019

En el presente trabajo se evalúa la relevancia que pueden llegar a adquirir las acciones eólicas transversales cuando se diseñan edificios aislados de más de 50m mediante las diferentes metodologías de análisis que establecen tres normas internacionales, el Eurocódigo, la norma australiana y la norma japonesa. El trabajo incluye tanto las acciones transversales que resultan de las oscilaciones periódicas del viento debido al desprendimiento de los vórtices, y que debiera ser considerado inevitablemente en cualquier edificio aislado, así como las acciones eólicas que son consecuencia del acoplamiento de frecuencias entre el propio desprendimiento de los vórtices y la frecuencia fundamental en sentido transversal del edificio, pudiendo dichas fuerzas llegar a condicionar el diseño de la estructura que debe hacer frente a las acciones horizontales del edificio.
In Search of Crowdfunding Business Models
Authors: Assadi Djamchid
Published: July 2019

Crowdfunding platforms have substantially increased since 2005 and have supported entrepreneurial projects in response to the low propensity of banking institutions to finance either startups, or poor or young entrepreneurs. However, the theory of strategies and management of crowdfunding is far behind the dynamism of its growth. This shortcoming most likely causes costs and failures, in particular during the current state of increasing competitive pressure in the sector. This paper seeks to construct a general theoretical definition for the concept of a business model and apply it to the P2P social lending on the Internet. Extensive literature is reviewed to construct an archetype business model. The validity of the model will be tested through crowdfunding platforms.
An Introduction to Sustainable Supply Chain Management and Business Implications
Authors: Vijayan Gowri , Kamarulzaman Nitty Hirawaty
Published: July 2019

The chapter will explain the concept of sustainability in supply chain management. Sustainability in business operations is fast becoming a vital element to successful global acceptance. It is also one of the major marketing strategies for Points-of-Difference (POD) product positioning. It is necessary to have a basic knowledge of how sustainability is brought about in supply chains in order to truly comprehension the opportunities from it. An understanding of the basic elements to sustainability in supply chain management and global models adopted for implementation of sustainability by corporations is essential. The chapter further focuses on introducing the concept of reverse logistics as sustainability supply chain process and the strategic advantage for industries from adoption of reverse logistics across the supply chain. An insight into United Nations Global Compact program for sustainability across businesses and sustainability governance has been provided.
Exploring the Systematic Business Model Innovation
Authors: Chen Tsung-Yi
Published: July 2019

An electronic-based business model (BM) is the new paradigm in business model innovation (BMI). In order to adapt to an ever-changing and extremely volatile Internet environment, an enterprise needs a systematic approach and tools to improve its existing business model or create a new one. This study analyzes the issues and system requirements for collaborative business model innovation relating to (1) BM design, (2) BM innovative system design, and (3) moral and intellectual property. Focusing on level (1) BM design, this study develops a systematic business model innovation approach based on the business model canvas (BMC) with nine building blocks and integrates the innovation radar (IR) with twelve key dimensions. Based on level (2), the study proposes a suitable collaborative BMI environment to enable the planning of a BM innovative design support system through virtual innovation teams (VITs), and to understand the system's functional requirements. Using the designed environment, this study develops the architecture of a BM knowledge support service environment based on cloud technology. To verify the proposed method, a bookstore is used as a case study. This study engages in innovative research in order to design a conceptual and systematic BMI approach.
A Waste Elimination Process
Authors: Mostafa Sherif , Dumrak Jantanee
Published: July 2019

The continuous improvement using waste elimination has been emphasized as the most important task of modern organizations. Lean manufacturing system has proved its capability to eliminate waste and produce environmental gains. The eight types of waste identified under lean have positive relations to green waste. In this chapter, a waste elimination process is suggested as an approach for lean sustainable outcomes. The process structure contains three consecutive phases: waste documentation, waste analysis, and waste removal. The techniques and tools of each phase are inclusively discussed.
Innovation in the Age of Digital Disruption
Authors: Cozmiuc Diana Claudia , Petrisor Ioan I.
Published: July 2019

Digital disruption is a worldwide phenomenon whereby digital technology brings new business models that disrupt existing markets. Business models have become key to digital disruption, as the universal language of innovation from invention. The latest business models shift from pipeline material flow to knowledge creation in platforms. Open innovation is part of platform business models. Business models are now financed directly, which has created the lean start-up movement. Start-ups enter markets with no barriers and force incumbents to race them with the ability to compete based on business models and match start-up agility and creativity. One of the world's top innovators, Siemens, a company where innovation is strategy, uses the latest tools for innovation: open innovation for technology invention, business models to turn invention into innovation, and finances business models. A large company, Siemens has created an inner structure that intends to bring the advantages of the lean start-up movement indoors.
IT-Driven Business Model Innovation
Authors: Müller Sune , Hundahl Mads
Published: July 2019

Information technology enables disruptive innovations, causing paradigm shifts in how companies do business. IT allows companies to break with traditional business models and management thinking. This article explores IT-driven business model innovations empirically by examining how 343 Danish companies use IT to innovate their existing businesses. This systematic review of extant literature using the Business Model Canvas as an analytical framework to answer the research question; how does IT drive business model innovation? Through an exploratory factor analysis this article observes the underlying structure of IT-driven business model innovation, identifying three innovation sources: customers, infrastructures, and supply chains. The three sources demonstrate where and how innovation is most likely to occur, and how it may spread to other parts of the business model. This paper presents a framework for understanding the impact of IT on business models, providing researchers and practitioners with empirically based knowledge on how to leverage IT for business model innovation.
Single-Minute Exchange of Dies at a Kaizen Event
Authors: Tetteh Edem G. , Chapman Hans
Published: July 2019

Lean concepts play a fundamental role in the promotion of continuous improvement in the workplace. This chapter seeks to assess the impact of Kaizen events on an organization's bottom line, in the case of Single-Minute Exchange of Dies (SMED) that is a system for dramatically reducing the time it takes to complete equipment changeovers. In this case study, SMED was used in combination with other lean tools such as 5S and standardized work in a bid to promote continuous improvement of the “flawed” operations that occur in a world-class manufacturer plant. This analysis is critical in determining whether the path to achieving continuous improvement process for the team in the organization can be achieved through the use of SMED. The results have shown that a lean strategy like SMED, coupled with other lean strategies like 5s and TPM, plays a fundamental role in reducing process inefficiencies in the plant.
Revisiting Project Definition/Initiation for Telemedicine Services
Authors: Wood Suzanne J. , LeRouge Cynthia M. , Tulu Bengisu , Tan Joseph
Published: July 2019

Healthcare organizations and stakeholders are profoundly challenged in transiting a telemedicine project into a sustainable telehealth service line. While project management best practices have added values across multiple domains, a knowledge gap exists on informed execution of telehealth best practices. Project definition, or initiation, sets the strategic vision (and plan) for a project. It is the predominant stage in a project. As project initiation hugely defines project success, revisiting this stage for telemedicine may help to inform key actors on ways to achieve an optimal delivery of such services. Indeed, winning telehealth services require well-knitted intra- and inter-organizational collaboration on technology adoption across different organizational arrangements and among key stakeholders. Hence, a model redefining key project initiation components is used to drive our analysis. Drawing from collected data of a multisite telestroke implementation and anchoring on the model's conceptualization, the authors explore in-depth how project initiation can be strategically framed within the telemedicine context. The interpretative findings from the data analysis, with each case surmising a distinct telemedicine business model, provide further insights on the collaborative uptake of telestroke programs. More specifically, the authors extend the analysis through comparative examination of key factors that promote or impede adoption via the lens of five distinct telecare business models: (1) the outsourced model; (2) the alliance model; (3) the not-for-profit private hospital network model; (4) the not-for-profit university sponsored network model; and (5) the for-profit private hospital network model. Together, the insights provided by this contribution will help efforts directed towards contextualizing key elements of project initiation in telemedicine and highlight the alignments of critical factors that can impact future telehealth efforts.
Five Drivers of Eco-Innovation
Authors: Fernando Yudi , Xin Wah Wen , Gani Anisha Banu Dawood
Published: July 2019

Today, firms are faced with a number of environmental challenges such as pollution, scarcity of natural resources, global warming a growing demand for environmentally friendly products. Complexity of sustainability issues in operations management leads this study to determine a parsimonious model of eco-innovation. Most of the research findings have emphasized the effect of innovation on company's economic benefits. However, there are inadequate studies in respect to eco-innovation and its impact to business and environmental sustainability. This paper focuses on determinants of drivers of eco-innovation and its outcome on sustainable business performance. Content analysis is used in order to explain the phenomena of eco-innovation in operations management and categorize the determinants of drivers. The unit of analysis of this study is driver or factor of eco-innovation which are commonly found in entire articles reviewed. The scope of review encompassed articles published between the years 1994 to 2012. Results indicate that a parsimonious model of eco-innovation consists of five drivers. More comprehensive and robust findings could be obtained by testing this model and broadening the scope of study.
Manufacturing Production Companies Can Gain Strategic Global Advantage Using Lean Six Sigma
Authors: Kornegay Alton L.
Published: July 2019

How the implementation of Lean Six Sigma in manufacturing production companies in the global environment can positively affect innovation, quality, education, productivity, standard of living, and ethics is discussed in this chapter. Examples by notables like Dr. W. Edwards Deming and the Chegg Study point out a serious misalignment between what is actually needed in manufacturing production worker skill sets and what is available. The chapter demonstrates the interconnectivity of, and responsibility for, the welfare of citizens of the world. It shows how Lean Six Sigma implementation can influence Gross National Product and Gross Domestic Product, which in turn determine quality of life for a nation's citizens. The chapter offers solutions like fostering industry, academics, and government relationships for the abatement of problems such as less government funding for public education and equipping college students with the right skill sets for more complex jobs in manufacturing production industries.
Impact of Lean Supply Chain Management on Operational Performance
Authors: Zhou Steve Bin , Ji Fiona Xiaoying
Published: July 2019

Lean is a systematic approach to identify and eliminate non-value-added activities or waste through continuous improvement process. While traditional lean manufacturing focuses on the activities within a single organization, lean supply chain consists of the same processes, but it views these processes over multiple organizations. This research addresses an important yet under-studied area – lean supply chain management in small organizations, especially small manufacturing firms. The study examines driving factors of lean supply chain management, focus of lean supply chain practices, and major supply chain and information technology solutions applied in these companies. Through a research survey, the study has provided important insights into the current status of lean supply chain practices and related implementation issues in small businesses.
Organisational Learning Dimensions and Talent Retention Strategies for the Service Industries
Authors: Atiku Sulaiman Olusegun , Fields Ziska
Published: July 2019

This chapter explores the contributions of organisational learning dimensions and talent retention strategies within an organisation to the development of innovative products/services and business sustainability. A literature review approach was adopted to investigate the link between intra/inter-organisational learning, talent retention strategies and business sustainability. It was found that an organisation needs to invest in continual learning and retention of talented employees to ensure business sustainability in the service industries. The ability to keep high-calibre human capital within an organisation is one of the greatest sources of sustainable competitive advantage. Judging from the global demands for a high calibre of talents, it is extremely difficult if not impossible to retain talents within an organisation for a long period of time. This chapter proposes a framework for developing innovative products/services to enhance business sustainability in the service industry through continuous learning dimensions and upgraded talent retention strategies.
Conceptualizing Corporate Entrepreneurship Capability and Its Linkages Towards Firm Performance
Authors: Kumar Rohit , Kumar Amit
Published: July 2019

The practices facilitating Corporate Entrepreneurship Capability (CEC), an intangible organizational capability embedded in an enterprise's culture are particularly important to innovation. The existing literature suggest the important of combining practices, however, there is a distinct lack of theoretical as well as empirical studies that have explored how these practices work together to promote and facilitate CEC. While different alternatives to realize the simultaneous reconciliation of exploration and exploitation have been proposed, how organizations build CEC is not fully understood. In this chapter, the authors first define CEC and then explain its relationship with Business Model Innovation (BMI), Innovation Ambidexterity (IA) and firm performance. The chapter is a theoretical contribution and builds on the Schumpeter view on entrepreneurship and innovation, resource-based theory of the firm and corporate entrepreneurship literature. The authors have suggested alternate contingency models for testing relationships among CEC, BMI, IA and Firm Performance.