bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of renal safety of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in people living with HIV in Tunisia
Authors: Kooli Ikbel , Ajroudi Mariem , Aouam Abir , Ben Brahim Hajer , Toumi Adnene , Loussaief Chawki , Chakroun Mohamed
Published: August 2018

Background: Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI). TDF is generally well tolerated. It is eliminated by the combination of glomerular filtration and active renal tubular secretion. Thus, it can be responsible, in the medium and long term, of renal toxicity. The aim of our study is to assess the prevalence of TDF nephrotoxicity and its factors risk in PLHIV treated in the Infectious Diseases Department at the University Hospital of Monastir, Tunisia..

Methods: An observational cross-sectional single-centre prospective study included 62 cases of HIV-infected patients taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) containing TDF was conducted between 1st August 2016 and 31 December 2016 at Fattouma Bourguiba University Hospital of Monastir, in Tunisia. During this period, patients were screened for renal dysfunction to detect renal toxicity, Tubular dysfunction or Fanconi syndrome.

Results: 62 patients were included with female/male ratio at 1,52. The mean age was 39 years ± 8,5 years. Half of the patients were treated with TDF as first-line therapy. The average duration of TDF was 25 months, the duration was greater than 12 months in 40 (65%) patients. There was a decrease in creatinine clearance in 21 (33.8%) patients, the average of the decrease was 128,6 ±35,8 ml/min Proximal tubulopathy was noted in 1 patient (1.6%) and no patient had Fanconi syndrome.

 No risk factors for renal impairment under TDF were found. This finding could be explained by the small sample size

Conclusion: TDF-related renal toxicity is often asymptomatic, it require early detection. In ours patient cases, TD is rare, but creatinine clearance decrease is frequent and may inform of possible TD in these patient. In order to reduce TDFtoxicity, a new pro-drug, tenofovir alafenamide (TAF), is now available.
A new black nightshade (Morelloid clade, Solanum, Solanaceae) from the caatinga biome of north-eastern Brazil with a key to Brazilian morelloids
Authors: Knapp Sandra , Särkinen Tiina
Published: August 2018

Solanumcaatingaesp. nov.is described from the arid caatinga biome of north-eastern Brazil. It is known from only a few specimens, but these were found amongst the many sheets of the widespread circumtropical weedS.americanumMill.; it is possible that more will be found once its distinct nature has been recognised. It differs fromS.americanumand all other herbaceous black nightshades known in Brazil, in its combination of glandular pubescence and shiny black fruit with small spreading sepals. The description ofS.caatingaebrings the number of morelloid solanums in Brazil to seven and a key is provided for their identification.
Airway endoscopy and tracheal cytology of two-year-old Thoroughbred horses during the first year of race training
Authors: Almeida S.R.P. , Bastos F.Z. , Barussi F.C.M. , Lessa D.A.B. , Alencar N.X. , Michelotto P.V.
Published: August 2018

The immunological status of the respiratory tract is critical to racehorses’ performance. Respiratory diseases in young Thoroughbred (TB) racehorses are a major concern during their early athletic career. This study investigated the airway adaptations occurring in young TB race horses during their first year of race training. Eighteen animals were evaluated at five different time points over a one-year follow-up period. A physical examination was performed, followed by airway endoscopy, in which tracheal mucus (TM) and pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia (PLH) were observed. Differential cytology of the tracheal wash (TW) was also performed. The physical parameters in the five assessments and TM grade did not vary. The PLH grade was lower at time-points 3 (T3) and 4 (T4) than at the initial evaluation (T0) (P=0.028 and P=0.036, respectively). The cytological analysis revealed that neutrophil count decreased at T4 as compared with T0 (P=0.022). Epithelial cell count was increased, and macrophage count decreased, at T3 and T4, compared with T0 (P=0.004 and P=0.031, respectively). Haemosiderophage count was higher at T1 (P=0.020) and lower at T2 (P=0.003), compared to T0. A statistical correlation between mucus and all cell types was found, showing a non-specific immune response. In conclusion, young TB racehorses underwent airway modifications during the initial months of race training, and a thorough follow-up is needed during the initial period after stabling.
Psychological responses of elite young riders to the injury of their horses
Authors: Davies E. , Ennis J. , Collins R.
Published: August 2018

Sport is considered a high-risk environment for athletes sustaining injury. Athletes are known to experience negative psychological responses to injury, which can destabilise identity. For athletes, identity is typically constructed around participation in sport, and after injury this identity can be threatened. Within equestrian sport, the addition of a partner athlete also at risk of injury presented a unique circumstance for investigation. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the psychological responses of elite young riders (YR) to the injury of their horses. Five riders competing internationally at YR level for dressage, show jumping and eventing were interviewed about their experiences when their horse suffered serious or career-ending injuries. Interview questions explored athletes’ careers, initial reactions to injury, coping mechanisms and return to elite competition. Thematic analysis revealed that riders re-evaluated their identity as elite athletes and experienced a significant sense of loss when their horses became injured. This appraisal of loss led to YR’s experiencing denial and guilt at the onset of injury akin to personal injury in athletes. As riders perceive the horse as part of the ‘athlete’ package, they are at heightened risk of injury-related psychological stress when compared to other individual athletes. Riders reported mixed views on common sources of social support, suggesting a need for pre-emptive coping education in addition to intervention resources within equestrian sport to minimise the psychological impact of injury, particularly at YR level.
Physical fitness habits and perceptions of equestrian riders
Authors: Bye T.L. , Chadwick G.
Published: August 2018

Recent research in equestrian sport has shifted focus to consider the rider themselves as more of an athlete and the physiological demands of the sport on the rider have thus been quantified. This study aimed to identify the fitness habits and perceptions of equestrian riders competing across the three Olympic disciplines of dressage, show jumping and eventing. A 15 question online questionnaire was distributed to gain quantitative data and yielded 299 useable responses. Overall 98.3% of those surveyed agreed that rider fitness had an impact on performance, however only 56.9% considered themselves to be athletically fit and only 63.88% took part in any form of cross training. Affiliated competitors rode for a greater number of hours per week and considered themselves to be more athletically fit than their unaffiliated counterparts, despite not taking part in any more off horse (cross) training. Previous studies have indicated that ridden only exercise programmes are ineffective in increasing aerobic fitness in equestrian athletes and have highlighted the benefits of cross training. These findings demonstrate that these messages have not been accepted by the general population within the sport and further work is needed to communicate the importance of cross training to riders.
Update on Common Psychiatric Medications for Children
Authors: Sharma Aditi
Published: August 2018

For children and adolescents with uncomplicated psychiatric disorders, pediatricians are often the first prescriber of psychiatric medications. Mental health disorders commonly treated by pediatricians include attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), depression, and anxiety. There are several safe and effective first-line medications for these disorders. For ADHD, stimulants and nonstimulants can be used as first-line interventions. For anxiety and depression, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are well-established treatments and often well-tolerated. With appropriate support and training, pediatricians can increase access for children to necessary mental health treatments.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(8):e311–e316.]
Evaluation and Management of Psychiatric Emergencies in Children
Authors: Margret Cecilia P. , Hilt Robert
Published: August 2018

Mental illness among children and adolescents is an increasing burden, projected to become one of the world's leading disabilities in near future. A dearth of specialized services and personnel to provide optimal care affects the disease burden, prevalence, health care services, and health care costs. The increasing demand weighs down on generalized systems of care such as emergency department (ED) services, in which the lack of specific training, personnel, and specialized protocols tends to prolong length of stay, recidivism, and suboptimal care. This article reviews outcomes and trends of overburdened ED systems in the context of pediatric mental health care management, guidelines of care, and strategies to manage common pediatric mental health emergencies and expand services within the ED.

[
Pediatr Ann.
2018;47(8):e328–e333.]
Globalization of supercuspidal representations over function fields and applications
Authors: Gan Wee Teck , Lomelí Luis
Published: August 2018

Let

H

be a connected reductive group defined over a non-archimedean local field

F

of characteristic

p > 0

. Using Poincaré series, we globalize supercuspidal representations of

H_F

in such a way that we have control over ramification at all other places, and such that the notion of distinction with respect to a unipotent subgroup (indeed more general subgroups) is preserved. In combination with the work of Vincent Lafforgue on the global Langlands correspondence, we present some applications, such as the stability of Langlands–Shahidi

\gamma

-factors and the local Langlands correspondence for classical groups.
Improving the efficiency of selection to Core Medical Training: a study of the use of multiple assessment stations
Authors: Atkinson JM , Tullo E , Mitchison H , Pearce MS , Kumar N
Published: August 2018

Purpose: To compare three separate assessment stations used for selection to Core Medical Training (CMT) and to determine the effect of reducing the number from three to two.

Methods: Quantitative analysis of candidates’ assessment station scores, financial analysis of costs of the selection process and quantitative and qualitative surveys of candidates and assessors.

Results: The assessment stations used for selection to CMT were reliable and valid for assessing suitability for employment as a CMT trainee. There was no significant difference in candidate ranking if only two assessment stations were used rather than three, i.e. there was no change in the likelihood of receiving a job offer. All of the assessment stations were perceived to have face validity by candidates and assessors. The efficiency of the selection process could be improved without loss of quality if two stations were used rather than three.

Conclusions: Using two assessment stations rather than three would appear to improve the efficiency and maintain the quality of the CMT selection process while reducing costs.
Henoch-Schönlein purpura: a rare vasculitis in older adults
Authors: Daripally VK , Shah NS
Published: August 2018

Henoch-Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a small vessel vasculitis with immunoglobulin A-dominant immune deposits found in vessel walls. It primarily affects children, is uncommon in adults and often under-recognised in the elderly population due to its rarity in this group. When a purpuric rash develops in an older person it is typically treated with antibiotics for presumed infection, rather than investigated as potentially HSP. It is important to recognise this condition, particulary in older adults, as diagnosis has implications for management and prognosis. We report a case of vasculitis with renal involvement in an older person.
Genetic epidemiology
Authors: Dunbar JK , Campbell H
Published: August 2018

The field of genetic epidemiology has advanced considerably over the past decade. The falling costs of genome-wide association studies have allowed the identification of many common genetic variants associated with risk of illness. This has advanced the understanding of disease pathogenesis but has not led to widespread changes in care. As these studies have become more common, a framework for reporting findings in the literature has been developed to ensure clinicians can accurately interpret the research. In future, whole genome genetic sequencing will likely lead to the identification of rarer variants more strongly associated with illness. Currently large resources for research, such as the UK Biobank project, are being developed which will allow detailed exploration of not only genes but the way their actions are controlled.
All that shakes is not epilepsy
Authors: Hart YM
Published: August 2018

Experience from the clinic suggests that many people equate the term ‘epilepsy’ with the occurrence of convulsions, with the corollary that attacks involving shaking are likely to be due to epilepsy. However, just as many seizure types do not involve shaking, the differential diagnosis of intermittent shaking is wide and includes vasovagal syncope, cardiac disorders, concussive convulsions, psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, ‘shaking transient ischaemic attacks’, parasomnias, breath-holding attacks in children, hypoglycaemia and movement disorders.
Management of Parkinson’s disease in the acute hospital environment
Authors: MacMahon MJ , MacMahon DG
Published: August 2018

There have been a number of exciting developments in the management of Parkinson’s disease (PD) in the past decade. However the objective for the vast majority of patients remains the maintenance of quality of life through the achievement of steady levels of dopaminergic stimulation within the target neurones of the basal ganglia. While there is a great deal of guidance available for the PD specialist, it remains a challenge for the generalist to know which patients require specialist input, how urgently that input should be obtained and what steps should be taken while awaiting review. Diagnosis can be difficult in the acute setting. While a high index of suspicion is important, it is not a diagnosis that should be made lightly and all cases should be reviewed by a specialist who will then advise on initial treatment. Management of PD medication during intercurrent illness is a challenge, particularly when the gastrointestinal tract is dysfunctional. Some guidance on dealing with this situation is available and has been summarised in this article. Problems that may present to the general physician include aspiration pneumonia, uncontrolled dyskinesias, psychosis, dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome and rarely, neuroleptic malignant-like syndrome. These conditions will be reviewed, along with general guidance for managing patients on more sophisticated regimes such as continuous intrajejunal levodopa infusion (Duodopa®) and patients with a deep brain stimulator in situ.
Alexander Gordon (1752–99) and his writing: insights into medical thinking in the late eighteenth century
Authors: Bennett PN
Published: August 2018

Alexander Gordon’s writing reveals nascent ideas about infectious disease, tensions in medical thinking in the time of the Enlightenment, but also a practice of medicinal therapy that resonates with that of the present day. His Treatise on the Epidemic Puerperal Fever contained observations and deductions which provided, for the first time, compelling evidence of the contagious mode of transmission of the infection by medical attendants. He wrote the manuscript of The Practice of Physick sometime between 1786, when he began his practice in Aberdeen and 1795, the year of his abrupt departure from the city. The nearcomplete manuscript remained in the possession of his family (and therefore unavailable to scholars) until 1913 when a descendant gifted it to the library of King’s College at the University of Aberdeen where it appears to have remained largely undisturbed.
AJ Cronin and The Citadel: did a work of fiction contribute to the foundation of the NHS?
Authors: Mahony O S’
Published: August 2018

AJ Cronin (1896–1981) was a Scottish-born doctor-turned-novelist whose most famous novel is The Citadel, published in 1937. The book describes the struggles of an idealistic young doctor working in Wales and London in the 1920s and 30s. The novel was a global bestseller and its portrayal of a largely ineffective, corruption-ridden system of healthcare is thought to have directly influenced the foundation of the National Health Service in 1948. The Citadel anticipates such phenomena as evidence-based medicine and continuing medical education. This paper argues that the novel was never intended as propaganda for a statecontrolled national health service. On the contrary, Cronin was against state control. Analysis of the novel is informed by recent biographical revelations about Cronin and the blurring of the margin between fact and fiction in Cronin’s life and work is examined.
Some (mostly Scottish) local anaesthetic heroes
Authors: Wildsmith JAW
Published: August 2018

In 1884 a young Viennese doctor, Carl Koller, was the first to recognise the significance of the topical effects of the alkaloid cocaine and thus introduced drug-induced local anaesthesia to clinical practice. Most subsequent development took place in Europe and the United States, with British interest not becoming apparent for over twenty years. This is surprising because a number of doctors working in Scotland, or with Scottish connections, had made important contributions to the earlier evolution of local anaesthetic techniques. This paper reviews the relevant work of James Young Simpson, Alexander Wood, James Arnott, Benjamin Ward Richardson and Alexander Hughes Bennett and the role of John William Struthers in the later promotion of the techniques.
Improving antimicrobial prescribing: implementation of an antimicrobial IV-to-oral switch policy
Authors: McCallum AD , Sutherland RK , Mackintosh CL
Published: August 2018

Antimicrobial stewardship programmes reduce the risk of hospitalassociated infections (HAI) and antimicrobial resistance, and include early intravenous-to-oral switch (IVOS) as a key stewardship measure. We audited the number of patients on intravenous antimicrobials suitable for oral switch, assessed whether prescribing guidelines were followed and reviewed prescribing documentation in three clinical areas in the Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, in late 2012. Following this, the first cycle results and local guidelines were presented at a local level and at the hospital grand rounds, posters with recommendations were distributed, joint infection consult and antimicrobial rounds commenced and an alert antimicrobial policy was introduced before re-auditing in early 2013. We demonstrate suboptimal prescribing of intravenous antimicrobials, with 43.9% (43/98) of patients eligible for IVOS at the time of auditing. Only 56.1% (55/98) followed empiric prescribing recommendations. Documentation of antimicrobial prescribing was poor with stop dates recorded in 14.3%, indication on prescription charts in 18.4% and in the notes in 90.8%. The commonest reason for deferring IVOS was deteriorating clinical condition or severe sepsis. Further work to encourage prudent antimicrobial prescribing and earlier consideration of IVOS is required.
Social media: the way forward or a waste of time for physicians?
Authors: DeCamp M , Cunningham AM
Published: August 2018

Social media is everywhere; its use has grown exponentially over recent years. The prevalence of these outlets for communication raises some interesting and potentially risky issues for physicians. On the one hand, some believe that physicians should have a strong social media presence and can benefit greatly from access to a global community of peers and leaders through blogs, online forums, Facebook, Twitter and other communication channels. Dr Anne Marie Cunningham provides a strong case for the advantages of developing networks and figuring out who and what to pay attention to online. On the other hand however, others believe that the use of social media places doctors at a professional and ethical risk and is essentially a waste of time for the already time-pressured physician. Professor DeCamp argues that the risks of social media outweigh their benefits. It makes it more difficult to maintain a distinction between private and professional personas, and as we have seen, one mistyped or inappropriate comment can have potentially negative consequences when taken out of context. With an already time-pressured day, the priority should be patients, not tweets. Whatever your thoughts on the benefits and risks of social media, it is here to stay. Specific guidelines and guidance are needed to ensure that physicians who decide to join an online community reap the benefits of global communication, rather than regret it.
Henry VIII, McLeod syndrome and Jacquetta’s curse
Authors: Stride P , Lopes Floro K
Published: August 2018

The mental decline of King Henry VIII from being a jovial, charismatic and athletic young man into an increasingly paranoid, brutal tyrant in later life, ever more concerned at his lack of one or more male heirs, has attracted many medical diagnostic theories. Previous hypotheses have included diabetes, syphilis and hypothyroidism, among others. However, these inadequately explain Henry’s failure to produce a male heir, despite multiple pairings. The latest postulated diagnoses for Henry are the coexistence of both Kell blood group antigenicity (possibly inherited from Jacquetta Woodville, Henry’s maternal great grandmother) causing related impaired fertility, and McLeod syndrome, causing psychotic changes. As the mutated McLeod protein of the syndrome significantly reduces the expression, effectively inactivating the Kell antigen, we critically review this theory, examining in detail the pathophysiology of these conditions and assessing the genealogy of Henry VIII and its effect in subsequent generations.
James Taylor (1859–1946): favourite disciple of Hughlings Jackson and William Gowers
Authors: Eadie MJ
Published: August 2018

In neurological circles today the name James Taylor (1859–1946) is probably remembered mainly for his role in editing the Selected Writings of John Hughlings Jackson, the most readily available source of Jackson’s contributions to neurological knowledge. Taylors’ own neurological achievements are largely or entirely forgotten, but in his day he was an influential figure whose career linked the great figures of the golden era of late nineteenth century British neurology to the neurology of the first half of the twentieth century. Not only was he a junior professional colleague and close friend of both John Hughlings Jackson and William Gowers, he also produced a substantial corpus of neurological writings in his own right, including a textbook of child neurology and the first English language account of subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord.
Investigation of coastal sea-fog formation using the WIBS
(Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor) technique
Authors: Daly Shane M. , O'Connor David J. , Healy David A. , Hellebust Stig , Arndt Jovanna , Feeney Patrick , Quirke Michael , McGillicuddy Eoin , Wenger John C. , Sodeau John R.
Published: August 2018

Abstract. A Wideband Integrated Bioaerosol Sensor (WIBS-4) was deployed in Haulbowline Island, Cork Harbour to detect fluorescence particles in real-time during July and September 2011. A Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) was also installed providing sizing analysis of the particles over the 10–450 nm range. During the campaign, multiple fog formation events occurred; they coincided with dramatic increases in the recorded fluorescent particle counts. The WIBS sizing/fluorescence intensity profiles indicated that the origin of the signals was not biological in nature (i.e. PBAP, Primary Biological Aerosol Particles). Furthermore, the data did not support the presence of known fluorescing chemical particles like SOA (Secondary Organic Aerosol). Complementary laboratory studies showed that the field results could best be explained by the adsorption of molecular iodine onto water droplets to form I2.(H2O)x complexes. The release of iodine into the coastal atmosphere from exposed kelp at low-tides has been known for many years. This process leads to the production of small IxOy particles which can act as Cloud Condensation Nuclei (CCN). The current field study provides the first direct time-line link between molecular iodine release, particle formation and sea-fog formation. Of mechanistic interest is the fact that molecular iodine included into (rather than on) water droplets does not appear to fluoresce as measured using WIBS instrumentation. The study indicates a previously unsuspected stabilizing transport mechanism for iodine in the marine environment. Hence the stabilization of the molecular form would allow its more extensive distribution throughout the troposphere before eventual photolysis.
Differences in ozone retrieval in MIPAS channels A and AB: a spectroscopic issue
Authors: Glatthor Norbert , von Clarmann Thomas , Stiller Gabriele P. , Kiefer Michael , Laeng Alexandra , Dinelli Bianca M. , Wetzel Gerald , Orphal Johannes
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Discrepancies in ozone retrievals in MIPAS channels A (685–970 cm−1) and AB (1020–1170 cm−1) have been a long-standing problem in
MIPAS data analysis, amounting to an interchannel bias (AB–A) of up to 8 %
between ozone volume mixing ratios in the altitude range 30–40 km. We
discuss various candidate explanations, among them forward model and
retrieval algorithm errors, interchannel calibration inconsistencies and
spectroscopic data inconsistencies. We show that forward-modelling errors as
well as errors in the retrieval algorithm can be ruled out as an explanation
because the bias can be reproduced with an entirely independent retrieval
algorithm (GEOFIT), relying on a different forward radiative transfer model.
Instrumental and calibration issues can also be refuted as an explanation
because ozone retrievals based on balloon-borne measurements with a different
instrument (MIPAS-B) and an independent level-1 data processing scheme
produce a rather similar interchannel bias. Thus, spectroscopic
inconsistencies in the MIPAS database used for ozone retrieval are
practically the only reason left. To further investigate this issue, we
performed retrievals using additional spectroscopic databases. Various
versions of the HITRAN database generally produced rather similar channel
AB–A differences. Use of a different database, namely GEISA-2015, led to
similar results in channel AB, but to even higher ozone volume mixing ratios
for channel A retrievals, i.e. to a reversal of the bias. We show that the
differences in MIPAS channel A retrievals result from about 13 % lower
air-broadening coefficients of the strongest lines in the GEISA-2015
database. Since the errors in line intensity of the major lines used in MIPAS
channels A and AB are reported to be considerably lower than the observed
bias, we posit that a major part of the channel AB–A differences can be
attributed to inconsistent air-broadening coefficients as well. To
corroborate this assumption we show some clearly inconsistent air-broadening
coefficients in the HITRAN-2008 database. The interchannel bias in retrieved
ozone amounts can be reduced by increasing the air-broadening
coefficients of the lines in MIPAS channel AB in the HITRAN-2008 database by
6 %–8 %.
Comparison of Methods to Derive Radial Wind Speed from a Continuous-Wave Coherent Lidar Doppler Spectrum
Authors: Held Dominique P. , Mann Jakob
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Continuous-wave lidar systems offer the possibility to remotely sense wind speed but are also affected by inherent differences in their measurement process compared to more traditional anemometry like cup or sonic anemometers. Their large measurement volume leads to an attenuation of turbulence. In this paper we study how different methods to derive the radial wind speed from a lidar Doppler spectrum can mitigate turbulence attenuation. The centroid, median and maximum methods are compared by estimating transfer functions and calculating root mean squared errors (RMSE) between a lidar and a sonic anemometer. Numerical simulations and experimental results both indicate that the maximum method, even though using the least amount of information from the Doppler spectrum, performs best at mitigating the volume averaging effect. However, this benefit is paid by increased signal noise due to the discretisation of the maximum method. The median method shows slight improvements over the centroid method in terms of volume averaging reduction and also resulted in the overall lowest RMSE. Thus, when the aim is to obtain point-like wind speed time series with high temporal resolution, the median method is superior to the centroid and maximum method. When comparing 10 minute averages there is no difference between the methods.
High-frequency NO3− isotope (δ15N, δ18O) patterns in groundwater recharge reveal that short-term changes in land use and precipitation influence nitrate contamination trends
Authors: Suchy Martin , Wassenaar Leonard I. , Graham Gwyn , Zebarth Bernie
Published: August 2018

Abstract. Poultry manure is the primary cause of nitrate (NO3-) exceedances
in the transboundary Abbotsford–Sumas aquifer (ASA; Canada–USA) based on synoptic
surveys two decades apart, but questions remained about seasonal and spatial
aspects of agricultural nitrate fluxes to the aquifer to help better focus
remediation efforts. We conducted over 700 monthly δ15N and
δ18O of nitrate assays, focusing on shallow groundwater
(< 5 years old) over a 5-year period to gain new insight on
spatio-temporal sources and controls of groundwater nitrate contamination.
NO3- concentrations in these wells ranged from 1.3 to 99 mg N L−1
(n=1041) with a mean of 16.2±0.4 mg N L−1. The
high-frequency 15N and 18O isotope data allowed us to identify
three distinctive NO3- source patterns: (i) primarily from synthetic
fertilizer, (ii) dynamic changes in nitrate due to changes in land use, and
(iii) from a mix of poultry manure and fertilizer. A key finding was that the
source(s) of nitrate in recharge could be quickly influenced by short-term
near-field management practices and stochastic precipitation events, which
ultimately impact long-term nitrate contamination trends. Overall, the
isotope data affirmed a subtle decadal-scale shift in agricultural practices
from manure increasingly towards fertilizer nitrate sources; nevertheless,
poultry-derived N remains a predominant source of nitrate contamination.
Because the aquifer does not generally support denitrification, remediation
of the Abbotsford–Sumas aquifer is possible only if agricultural N sources
are seriously curtailed, a difficult proposition due to longstanding
high-value intensive poultry and raspberry and blueberry operations over the
aquifer.
As compet�ncias necess�rias para a atua��o do secret�rio executivo em consult�rios m�dicos: um estudo no munic�pio de Passo Fundo, RS
Authors: Sbeghen Thais Liandre , Vaz Caroline De F�tima Matiello
Published: August 2018

O presente estudo tem como objetivo identificar as compet�ncias necess�rias para a atua��o do secret�rio executivo em consult�rios m�dicos, colaborando com a �rea por meio da produ��o de conhecimentos, a fim de qualificar o exerc�cio da profiss�o secretarial. Como objetivos espec�ficos, buscam-se descrever as compet�ncias secretariais e relacion�-las �s exig�ncias para atua��o em consult�rios m�dicos, para, ent�o, identificar as contribui��es da forma��o em Secretariado Executivo � atua��o nesse segmento. Para dar conta do tema, realizou-se uma pesquisa explorat�ria e descritiva, de cunho bibliogr�fico e documental, seguida de um levantamento. A an�lise e a interpreta��o dos dados basearam-se na an�lise de conte�do. Constatou-se, a partir dos dados obtidos, que a forma��o em secretariado qualifica e potencializa os secret�rios para atuarem em consult�rios m�dicos. Al�m disso, verificou-se que as compet�ncias secretariais t�m rela��o direta com as compet�ncias necess�rias � atua��o do secret�rio executivo em consult�rios m�dicos. Essas compet�ncias est�o voltadas para a lideran�a, a proatividade, a gest�o do tempo, a gest�o do consult�rio, a �tica, o relacionamento interpessoal, a empatia, a inova��o, o atendimento ao cliente e a honestidade.
QUALIDADE DE VIDA E FATORES ASSOCIADOS EM PESSOAS VIVENDO COM HIV/AIDS
Authors: CABRAL JULIANA DA ROCHA , Ramos Yasmim Talita De Moraes , Cabral Luciana Da Rocha , De Andrade Moraes Danielle Chianca , Bushatsky Magaly , De Oliveira Regina Celia
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida. Método: estudo transversal, descritivo, quantitativo, realizado com 150 indivíduos cadastrados em um serviço de assistência especializada em Pernambuco, Brasil, entre os meses de fevereiro e agosto de 2016. Para a análise dos dados, utilizou-se dos testes Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Friedman, Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis. Resultados: sexo e renda familiar foram mais influentes na alteração da qualidade de vida, e o domínio com maior quantitativo de fatores influenciáveis na mensuração desta variável foi a espiritualidade. Conclusão: conclui-se que a qualidade de vida de pessoas vivendo com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana/Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida mostra-se prejudicada. Compreender a qualidade de vida como forma de percepção da existência humana, nas esferas objetivas e subjetivas, torna-se essencial, visto que viver com o vírus afeta os indivíduos em todas as áreas da vida.
INFORMATIZAÇÃO DA ATENÇÃO BÁSICA A SAÚDE: AVANÇOS E DESAFIOS
Authors: Cavalcante Ricardo Bezerra , Vasconcelos Daniela Dias , Gontijo Tarcísio Laerte , Guimarães Eliete Albano de Azevedo , Machado Richardson Miranda , De Oliveira Valéria Conceição
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: analisar a implantação da estratégia e-SUS Atenção Básica na Região Oeste de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Método: estudo de caso, descritivo, com dados de 62 responsáveis pela implantação em 54 municípios, de maio a junho de 2015, além de dois entrevistados e análise dos documentos: “Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRSDivinópolis” e “Municípios por Situação de Implantação do e-SUS AB na SRS Divinópolis”. Os dados foram analisados porestatística descritiva e Análise de Conteúdo, com suporte do software Atlas TI, versão 7.0. Resultados: em 44 (81,5%) dos municípios foi implantado apenas o cadastro de dados simplificado e 22 (40,7%) dos municípios estão no cenário três de implantação, 34 (54,8%) dos responsáveis pela implantaçãonão são servidores públicos efetivos. Conclusão: a implantação apresenta fragilidades relacionadas à infraestrutura, deficiências nas capacitações e resistência dos profissionais. É necessário rever o planejamento da implantação considerando sua complexidade.
AVALIAÇÃO DA PRESENÇA DOS FATORES DE RISCO CARDIOVASCULAR EM ESTUDANTES UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE PAÍSES LUSÓFONOS
Authors: Mauricio Tibelle Freitas , Moreira Rafaella Pessoa , Costa Edmara Chaves , Bernardo Francisco Mardones Dos Santos , De Lima Paula Alves , Viegas Bonifácio De Jesus
Published: August 2018

Objetivo: avaliar a presença de fatores de risco cardiovascular em estudantes universitários de paíseslusófonos. Metodologia: estudo transversal, realizado de janeiro a julho de 2017, com 334 estudantes de umauniversidade pública federal no estado do Ceará, com idade igual ou superior a 18 anos, dos seguintes países: Brasil,Angola, Cabo Verde, Guiné-Bissau, Moçambique, São Tomé e Príncipe e Timor-Leste. Efetuou-se a análise estatísticados dados por meio do programa Epi Info versão 7.1.2.0. Resultados: dos 334 participantes, 75,7% encontravam-se nafaixa etária entre 18 e 24 anos, 56,9% eram brasileiros, 51,8% do sexo feminino, 47,3% de cor parda e 47,6% solteiroscom parceria eventual. Quanto aos fatores de risco para doenças cardiovasculares, destacaram-se a história familiar dedoenças cardiovasculares (81,1%), o sedentarismo (44,3%) e o uso do álcool (36,2%). Conclusão: a identificação dosprincipais fatores de risco modificáveis e hereditários nos estudantes universitários poderão nortear ações voltadas paraa promoção da saúde cardiovascular.
The Role of Indigenous Mycorrhiza in Combination with Cattle Manure in Improving Maize Yield (Zea Mays L) on Sandy Loam of Northern Lombok, Eastern of Indonesia
Authors: Astiko Wahyu , Sastrahidayat Ika Rochdjatun , Djauhari Syamsuddin , Muhibuddin Anton
Published: August 2018

A glass house study was conducted to evaluate the contribution of indigenous arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) in improving maize yield grown on sandy loam of Northern Lombok. The package of organic fertilizers treatments were tested including: without inoculation of mycorrhiza, inoculation mycorrhiza and no added inorganic fertilizers, inoculation of mycorrhiza with cattle manure added, inoculation of mycorrhiza with rock phosphate added and inoculation mycorrhiza with inorganic fertilizers. The treatments were arranged using a Completely Randomized Design with four replications. The results of the study show that the inoculation of AMF significantly increased soil concentration of N, available-P, K and organic-C by 37.39%, 60.79%, 66.66% and 110.15% respectively observed at 60 days after sowing (DAS). The similar trend was also found at 100 DAS, where those nutrients increased by 21.48%, 69%, 43.93% and 37.07%, respectively compared to control. The improving of soil fertility status was also reflected by nutrients uptake (i.e. N, P, K, Ca) as well as growth and yield of maize. N, P, K and Ca uptake increased by 1,608%, 1,121%, 533% and 534%, respectively. Roots and top dry biomass at 60 DAS increased by 718.40% and 337.67%, respectively. The trend increased of the biomass was followed by observation at 100 DAS. Yield components including cobs, grain and weight of 100 grains increased by 313.60%, 411.84% and 137.54%, respectively. In addition, the inoculation of AM with F2 contributed significantly to the spore numbers and root infection.[How to Cite : Astiko W, IR Sastrahidayat, S Djauhari, and A Muhibuddin. 2013. The Role of Indigenous Mycorrhiza in Combination with Cattle Manure in Improving Maize Yield (Zea Mays L) on Sandy Loam of Northern Lombok, Eastern of Indonesia. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 53-58. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.53][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.53]
Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Several Tropical Soils
Authors: Hazra Fahrizal , Pratiwi Etty
Published: August 2018

The objectives of the research were: (i)  to isolate and characterize of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and (ii) to identify PSB based on molecular amplification of 16S rRNA gene.  Soil samples were collected from rhizosphere in Bogor, West Nusa Tenggara, and East Nusa Tenggara.  Several stages in this research were: (i) isolation PSB in Pikovskaya agar, (ii) morphological and biochemical characterization of PSB, (iii) measurement of  phosphatase enzymes, and (iv) measurement of secreting indole acetic acid phytohormone.   As many as 29 isolates of PSB have been collected and three isolates of them, namely: P 3.5 (East Nusa Tenggara), P 6.2 (West Nusa Tenggara), and P 10.1 (Citeureup, West Java) were chosen for further study.  There were many characteristics of isolate P 10.1: (i) it had capable to solubilize P with the value of highest solubilization index (1.80), (ii) it had the highest phosphatase enzyme (120.40 mg kg-1), and (iii) it had the highest pH decrease at each observation for six days.  Isolates P 3.5 and P 10.1 were the Gram-negative bacteria with coccus shapes and isolate P 6.2 was a Gram-negative bacteria with bacillus shape.  Deoxiribonucleat Acid (DNA) amplification of these bacteria employing 16S rRNA primers generated the 1,300bp-PCR product.  The results of the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that isolates P 3.5 and P 10.1 has 98% similarity with Gluconacetobacter sp. strains Rg1-MS-CO and isolate P 6.2 has 97% similarity with Enterobacter sp. pp9c strains.Keywords: 16S rRNA, indole acetic acid, isolation, phosphatase enzymes, phosphate solubilizing bacteria[How to Cite : Hazra F and E Pratiwi. 2013. Isolation, Characterization, and Molecular Identification of Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria from Several Tropical Soils. J Trop Soils, 18 (1): 67-74. doi: 10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.67][Permalink/DOI: www.dx.doi.org/10.5400/jts.2013.18.1.67]
Physical and Chemical Properties of Cultivated Peat Soils in Four Trial Sites of ICCTF in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Hikmatullah . , Sukarman .
Published: August 2018

The large distribution of peat soils in Indonesia have important role in carbon stock and greenhouse gas emission which contribute to global warming issue. The objective of this study was to characterize physical and chemical properties of cultivated peat soils in four trial sites of Indonesia Climate Change Trust Fund (ICCTF) in Central Kalimantan, South Kalimantan, Riau and Jambi Provinces to provide a baseline data by a greenhouse gas emission study. Detailed soil observations were conducted using grid system with spacing of 25 × 50 m. A total of 16 representative peat soil profiles consisting of 74 soil samples of horizons were selected for laboratory analyses. The results showed that peat maturity varied from hemic to sapric in the surface layers and hemic in the subsurface layers, except in Site-2 that was fibric. The peat thickness ranged respectively from 5.4 to 7.0 m in Site-1 and Site-3, and from 0.5 to 2.5 m in site-2 and site-4, and all overlying fine-textured mineral soil (substratum). Depth of water table varied from 10 to 30 cm in Site-2 and Site-4, and from 30 to 70 cm in Site-1 and Site-3. Fiber content ranged from 13 to 57% and increased with depth indicating the peat was less decomposed. The bulk density was very low (0.07-0.24 g cm-3) and negatively correlated to fiber content (r = 0.74 for Kalimantan and r = 0.66 for Sumatra). The ash content was low (0.1-8.5%) and negatively correlated to organic carbon content (r = 0.89 for Kalimantan and r = 0.65 for Sumatra). Soil CEC was high and positively correlated to organic carbon content (r = 0.86 for Kalimantan and r = 0.93 for Sumatra). These soils showed very acid reaction (pH 3.3-4.7), low content of exchangeable bases and total P2O5 and K2O (HCl 25%). Based on these properties, the peat soils were grouped as oligotrophic ombrogenous peat. The estimated carbon stock for all the trial sites with total extent of 22.58 ha was 57,282 Mg C. The variation of thickness, maturity, and water table depth will imply to the magnitude of carbon reserves and greenhouse gas emissions. [How to Cite: Hikmatullah and Sukarman. 2014. Physical and Chemical Properties of Cultivated Peat Soils in Four Trial Sites of ICCTF in Kalimantan and Sumatra, Indonesia. J Trop Soils 19: 131-141. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.131]
The Effects of Fire on Organic Functional Groups of Peat in Relation to Water Content
Authors: Ramadhan Said , Yusran Fadly Hairannoor , Haris Abdul , Asmawi Suhaili
Published: August 2018

The aim of this research was to study the decline of organic functional group through the process of burning in peat. In addition, this study was also to examine the relationship between water content in peat and organic functional group after combustion (burning).  Peat drying was conducted in an oven at a temperature of 75°C with the interval of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 hours.  Each time interval had three replicates within two sets of experiments so that the total number of samples were 42 (experimental units).  Variables measured were moisture content, total acidity, COOH groups, and OH-phenolate.  The relationship between the water content with total acidity, COOH groups and OH-phenolate were determined by the equation y = bx + a.  The results showed that the relationship between the water content with organic functional group was linear.  While the relationship between peat water content with organic functional group after burning was irregular, although water levels through the process of burning have been greatly reduced. Keywords: Burning peat; organic functional groups; water content [How to Cite: Said R, FH Yusran, A Haris and S Asmawi. 2014. The Effects of Fire on Organic Functional Groups of Peat in Relation to Water Content. J Trop Soils 19: 143-149. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.143]
Interaction of Peat Soil and Sulphidic Material Substratum: Role of Peat Layer and Groundwater Level Fluctuations on Phosphorus Concentration
Authors: Fahmi Arifin , Radjagukguk Bostang , Purwanto Benito Heru
Published: August 2018

Phosphorus (P) often becomes limiting factor for plants growth. Phosphorus geochemistry in peatland soil is associated with the presence of peat layer and groundwater level fluctuations. The research was conducted to study the role of peat layer and groundwater level fluctuations on P concentration in peatland. The research was conducted on deep, moderate and shallow peat with sulphidic material as substratum, peaty acid sulphate soil, and potential acid sulphate soil. While P concentration was observed in wet season, in transition from wet to dry season, and in dry season. Soil samples were collected by using peat borer according to interlayer and soil horizon. The results showed that peat layer might act as the main source of P in peatland with sulphidic material substratum. The upper peat layer on sulphidic material caused by groundwater level fluctuations had no directly effect on P concentration in the peat layers. Increased of P concentration in the lowest sulphidic layer might relate to redox reaction of iron in the sulphidic layer and precipitation process. Phosphorus concentration in peatland with sulphidic material as substratum was not influenced by peat thickness. However, depletion or disappearance of peat layer decreased P concentration in soil solution. Disappearance of peat layer means loss of a natural source of P for peatland with sulphidic material as substratum, therefore peat layer must be kept in order to maintain of peatlands. [How to Cite: Arifin F, B Radjagukguk and BH Purwanto. 2014. Interaction of Peat Soil and Sulphidic Material Substratum: Role of Peat Layer and Groundwater Level Fluctuations on Phosphorus Concentration. J Trop Soils 19: 171-179. Doi: 10.5400/jts.2014.19.3.171]