bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance-linked visual feedback slows response times during a sustained attention task
Authors: Steinkrauss Ashley , Moher Jeff , Shaikh Anjum , Powers Erin O'Brien
Published: April 2022

In the present study, we tested a visual feedback triggering system based on real-time tracking of response time (RT) in a sustained attention task. In our task, at certainpoints, brief visual feedback epochs were presented without interrupting the task itself. When these feedback epochs were performance-linked - meaning that they weretriggered because participants were responding more quickly than usual - RTs were slowed after the presentation of feedback. However, visual feedback epochs displayedat predetermined times that were independent of participants’ performance did not slow RTs. Results from a second experiment support the idea that this is not simply a return to baseline that would have occurred had the feedback not been presented, but instead suggest that the feedback itself was effective in altering participants’responses. In a third experiment, feedback presented at less extreme periods of responding appears to have little effect, suggesting the impact of feedback is dependent on how the participant is responding at the time the feedback is initiated. All together, these data provide insight into potential mechanisms for detecting and disrupting lapses in sustained attention without interrupting a continuous task.
Academic Teaching Staffs’ Reactions and Engagement with Student Feedback: Qualitative Perspectives from Teaching Staff and Academic Developers
Authors: Brownlie Eleanor K. , Evans Alex , Horlin Chiara
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Student evaluations of teaching are commonplace throughout higher education (HE), and teaching staff are expected to respond to students and develop their practice considering feedback. The current study questions ‘how do staff experience and interpret student feedback?’ and ‘what factors effect staffs’ reactions and engagement with student feedback?’.Methods: Qualitative methods were opted for to explore the research questions flexibly and in-depth. HE teaching staff (N = 42) participated via an online survey of qualitative questions. Semi-structured interviews were also undertaken with HE academic development staff (N = 5) to investigate how HE teaching staff are trained in preparation for student feedback. The data was analysed via reflective thematic analysis, with an experiential and social-constructionist epistemological approach. Results: Three main themes were developed. Firstly, receiving student feedback was established as a challenging, although sometimes validating and motivating emotionally salient experience for staff, which they had to manage in order to professionally respond to feedback. Secondly, the data illustrated the importance of relations between staff and students in the feedback process. The last theme highlights systemic deficiencies challenging staffs’ engagement with student feedback. Conclusions: Teaching staffs’ experiences with student feedback mimic students’ experiences with teachers’ feedback. Teaching staff need time and to apply active effort to engage with student feedback, but, given institutional pressures and depleted resources, the feedback process may be contributing to the significant mental health and wellbeing challenges present amongst HE staff. Addressing the issues highlighted will be to the common good of staff and students.
Neural decoding reveals the functional anatomy of auditory integration and competition in speech perception
Authors: Rhone Ariane , Farris-Trimble Ashley , Nourski Kirill , Kawasaki Hiroto , Howard Matthew A. , McMurray Bob
Published: April 2022

At the beginning of a word, many continuations are possible – for example, when hearing packet, listeners may consider pass and package. Cognitive science shows that listeners in this situation immediately consider multiple words and narrow down the set of candidates via competition. However, cognitive neuroscience has not yet been able to identify the cortical locus of this competition. One potential source of this difficulty is the hypothesis (tested here) that representations of unfolding auditory stimuli take the form of distributed patterns of activity, rather than the overall quantity of activity. We investigated competition dynamics by combining direct recordings from the cortex of humans listening to spoken words with machine learning to decode those distributed patterns. Two critical first steps in investigating the neural basis of these competition dynamics were to identify regions a) whose pattern of activity supports multiple candidates; and b) whose pattern of activity persists over time (after stimulus offset). We characterized both properties in six language regions by using machine learning to assess which words were under consideration in each area every 25 ms during listening. Auditory areas – early in the processing stream – exhibited competition dynamics lasting even after stimulus offset. This pattern was not seen in higher-level language areas. Thus, competition among distributed patterns of activity in auditory sensory areas may underlie human word recognition.
Contracting Creativity
Authors: Piano Ennio Emanuele , Piano Clara E.
Published: April 2022

For centuries, the production and exchange of Renaissance paintings took place under a commission system. Disagreements arose between patrons and artists over what the finished product should look like. In such circumstances, the patron may try to impose restrictions on the artist’s creative freedom. We study contractual solutions to creative disagreements in Renaissance art markets using a sample of 90 commission documents (1285-1530). We investigate the determinants of creative freedom by comparing the length of the description of the final painting with a number of variables capturing painter-, patron-, and commission-specific characteristics. Our results suggest that corporate patrons are positively associated with creative freedom as compared to individual patrons. We also find evidence that the reputation of the painter (at commission) and larger compensations are negatively associated with creative freedom.
Opportunities for enhanced institutional accountability and professionalization: The relationships between refugee resettlement organizations, humanitarian bodies, industry and academia
Authors: Ramos Amaya Alexandra
Published: April 2022

Critiques of resettlement bodies exist in both formal and informal discourse, though these concerns had heretofore been allowed to remain liminal. The push towards accountability engendered through the rapid democratization of media, accelerated by several high visibility humanitarian crises, has now revitalized the trajectory of criticisms through some degree of institutional reflection. While formal critiques of humanitarian bodies often focus on the philosophical and moral quandaries of the quest to decolonize and de-weaponize social sciences (as well as the systematic disempowerment of resettled communities), fewer address the syndemic ethical challenges encoded into the daily operations of the humanitarian ecosystems themselves, as well as the feedback loops which they foment. This article is concerned with matters of praxis, professionalization and transparency, addressing blocks to the information flows necessary to enable the level of introspection and systems thinking which should underpin all human sciences, but which have been conspicuously absent in the U.S. resettlement bodies, despite their being so directly intertwined with life outcomes. Absent the development of dedicated, integrated health and other supportive infrastructures independent of resettlement organizations, and primarily utilizing the U.S. resettlement bodies to inform its arguments, it highlights the need for the resettlement field, and by extension, similar humanitarian sectors, to align themselves with various disciplinary standards that will promote and valorize accountability over expansion. It concludes that to accomplish this, fields must also seek to catalyze the exploration of the many tensions inherent to equitable restructuring through the empowerment of practitioners as well as the elimination of barriers to constructive discourse.
Impact of Lockdown due to COVID-19 on lifestyle and diet pattern of college students of Eastern India: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Nirala Santosh Kumar , Naik Bijaya , Rao Rajath , Pandey Sanjay , Singh Chandramani , Chaudhary Neha
Published: April 2022

Background: The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and lockdown measures to confine it has disrupted the routine of the public. The impact of such long-term confinements on the lifestyle and diet of students are not known and hence this study was designed to assess the impact of lockdown due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the lifestyle and  diet of university students.
Methods: An online cross-sectional survey among 622 university students across various educational institutes of east India using a pre-designed questionnaire about lifestyle-diet before and during the lockdown. Results were tabulated and statistical tests like Paired t-test, Wilcoxon Rank sign test, and Mc-Nemar tests were applied and overall significance was attributed to P<0.05.
Results: During the lockdown a total of 2.4% (95% CI: 1.4-3.8%) decrease in prevalence of tobacco use, 8.7% (95% CI: 6.6-11%) decrease in physical activity and a 0.8 hour (95% CI: 0.6-0.9 hour) increase in the mean sleep duration was observed. There was a significant increase in use of fresh fruits consumption [Median(IQR)-before:2(1-5);during:3(1-5) days] and a  decrease in meat-poultry[Median(IQR)-before: 2(0-3);during: 1(0-3)days] and junk food[Median(IQR)-before:1(0-2);during:0(0-2)days] consumption during the lockdown.
Conclusion: A significant proportion of changes in lifestyle and frequency of consumption of certain food items in the dietary pattern during the lockdown.
The Growing Importance of Mixed-Methods Research in Health
Authors: Wasti Sharada Prasad , Simkhada Padam , van Teijlingen Edwin , Sathian Brijesh , Banerjee Indrajit
Published: April 2022

This paper illustrates the growing importance of mixed-methods research to a wide range of health disciplines ranging from nursing to epidemiology. Mixed-methods approaches requires not only the skills of the individual quantitative and qualitative methods but also a skill set to bring two methods/datasets/findings together in the most appropriate way. Health researchers need to pay careful attention to the ‘best’ approach to designing, implementing, analysing, integrating both quantitative (number) and qualitative (word) information and writing this up in a way that enhances its applicability and broadens the evidence-based practice. This paper highlights the strengths and weaknesses of mixed-methods approaches as well as some of the common mistakes made by researchers applying mixed-methods for the first time.
Geological appraisal of the Theban cliff overhanging the Hatshepsut temple at Deir el-Bahari
Authors: Chudzik Patryk , El Younsy Ahmed-Reda M. , Galal Wael F. , Salman Abdelhamid M.
Published: April 2022

Throughout its existence the Temple of Hatshepsut, as well as two other royal sanctuaries, the temples of Mentuhotep II and Thutmose III, located in the great bay of Deir el-Bahari, have been under constant threat of falling rocks from the overhanging Theban cliff. The PCMA UW archaeological expedition at Deir el-Bahari, which has progressed with the study and conservation of the Hatshepsut temple since the 1960s, has implemented a project designed to address the issue of the protection of the temple from damages that could be caused by environmental processes (rainwater and seismic activity) affecting the Theban cliff behind the monument. In a geological survey of the fractured limestone cliff, the evidence from 31 observation stations was appraised and samples of Esna Shale and Theban Limestone were examined in order to ascertain the degree of the cliff’s instability and fragility. The results were used to prepare a 2D model presenting the environmental processes threatening the ancient substance.
The anomalous magnetic moment of the muon: short overview
Authors: Roig Garcés Pablo
Published: April 2022

We critically review the current status of the muon g−2, where the Standard Model prediction deviates at 4.2σ from the experimental average, which is tantalizing for new physics interpretations.
New insight in the 2-flavor Schwinger model based on lattice simulations
Authors: Nieto Castellanos Jaime Fabián , Bietenholz Wolfgang , Hip Ivan
Published: April 2022

We consider the Schwinger model with two degenerate, light fermion flavors by means of lattice simulations. At finite temperature, we probe the viability of a bosonization method by Hosotani {\it et al.} Next we explore an analogue to the pion decay constant, which agrees for independent formulations based on the Gell-Mann--Oakes--Renner relation, the 2-dimensional Witten--Veneziano formula and the $\delta$-regime. Finally we confront several conjectures about the chiral condensate with lattice results.
The odderon discovery by the D0 and TOTEM collaborations
Authors: Royon Christophe
Published: April 2022

We describe the discovery of the colorless $C$-odd gluonic compound, the odderon, by the D0 and TOTEM Collaborations by comparing elastic differential cross sections measured in $pp$ and $p \bar{p}$ interactions at high energies.
The Gastromythology of English Tea Culture: On the UKTC’s Advertisements and Making Tea a “Fact” of English Life
Authors: Chatterjee Arup K.
Published: April 2022

In Victorian England, tea culture became “a fact of life” as advertising appropriated the imperial commodity’s surplus values, juxtaposing a semantics of English tea’s authenticity with a semiotics of its surplus enjoyment. This article makes a larger observation on English tea culture, with one of its leitmotifs as the United Kingdom Tea Company’s advertisements, which were published in leading periodicals such as The Illustrated London News, The Pall Mall Magazine, and The Graphic, between 1888 and 1900. Drawing on Roland Barthes’s notion of mythologies, I argue that the United Kingdom Tea Company’s advertisements, among others, reconfigured and standardized a gastromythology in English culture. As tea representations became sensualized, gendered, and racialized in English culture, they performed an aesthetically augmented reality to repress the memory of an erstwhile alien product while readily assimilating its identity into the larger fold of English imperialism. Literary and advertorial mythologems of tea drinking are entangled with how specific cultural and ideological mechanisms denominate and modulate culinary tastes and taste perception. Viewing English tea culture as benign expressions of individual or cultivated tastes is ultimately an aesthetic idealism that cannot go unchallenged.
Impacto de los factores ambientales en la aparición de preeclampsia grave
Authors: Martínez Quinteros Andrea Soledad , Belalcázar Sánchez Yajaira Monserrath
Published: April 2022

La preeclampsia consiste en una patología placentaria vascular que afecta alrededor de un 5% del total de mujeres embarazadas a nivel mundial, caracterizada por la presencia de hipertensión arterial y proteinuria a partir de la semana 20 de gestación. Representa la cuarta causa de morbilidad y mortalidad perinatal, émbolos amnióticos, hemorragias posparto y tromboembolismo y a su vez es una de las causas principales de prematuridad inducida y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino fetal.

El presente trabajo consistirá en un estudio retrospectivo efectuado mediante una revisión sistemática de la bibliografía disponible de publicaciones en revistas científicas con buen nivel de evidencia de publicaciones realizadas en los últimos 10 años, en los idiomas español, inglés y francés y recopilando información en bases de datos como Medline, Intra Med, PubMed, The Cochranre, SciELO, Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL), BASE (Bielefeld Academic Search Engine), Scinapse, Semantic Scholar, entre otras.
Hiperemesis gravídica: abordaje y opciones terapéuticas
Authors: Mou Keng Michelle , Rivera Solís Yokarime Mónica , Vargas Cabezas Eugenia María
Published: April 2022

La hiperemesis gravídica (HG) es una condición común durante el primer trimestre del embarazo que provoca alta tasa de hospitalizaciones. No existe un consenso en cuanto a los criterios diagnósticos por el Colegio Americano de Obstetricia y Ginecología (ACOG) y otros Colegios de Obstetricia, sin embargo es una enfermedad caracterizada por náuseas y vómitos severos que pueden provocar daño orgánico, sin otra causa. Las pacientes primigestas, con embarazo múltiple, con embarazo molar tienen más riesgo de presentarla. Su fisiopatología es poco clara y existen varias hipótesis al respecto. La severidad de esta enfermedad es valorada con la escala PUQE y el diagnóstico es clínico. El tratamiento consta en cambios del estilo de vida e intervenciones farmacológicas y no farmacológicas, siendo estas efectivas para aliviar los síntomas y evitar la progresión de la enfermedad.
HİNT MÜZİĞİNİN NOTASYONU ÜZERİNE BİR TARTIŞMA
Authors: KERİMOV Rauf
Published: April 2022

Müziği notaya almanın geçmişi, neredeyse onun kendisi kadar eskidir. Müzik sanatı ortaya çıktığından beri insanlar icracılık ve beste yapmakla uğraşmışlardır. Fakat ezelden sistemli bir nota yazımının olmaması, birçok eski müzik materyalinin tarihin derinliklerinde kaybolmasını neticelendirmiştir. Notasyon sistemlerinin icadıyla bir parça kâğıt üzerinde yazılan işaretler müziğin sonraki nesillere bırakılmasını mümkün kılmıştır. İnsanların müzik algısı dünyanın çeşitli bölgelerinde farklı şekillerde evrimleşmiş, gelenek ve kültürlerdeki değişimle birlikte, müzik işaretlemeleri ülkeden ülkeye farklılıklar göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla, dünyanın her yerinde müzik sistemleri her zaman belirli estetik yasalara, gerçeklere ve görüngülere dayanarak gelişmiştir.
Geleneksel Hint müziği bu zamana kadar var olan en sofistik müzik sistemlerinden birine sahiptir. Benzersiz melodiler, mikro aralıklar ve karmaşık ritimlerden oluşan Hint müziği dünya kültürüne oldukça değerli bir katkı sağlamıştır. Sıradışı Hint müziğine özgü incelikli seslerin ve sayısız ritimlerin yazıyla gösterilmesi pek mümkün olmadığından, yüzyıllar boyunca öğretim yönteminde besteler “ağızla çalarak” aktarılmıştır. Lakin bu, Hint müziğinin tarih boyunca hiç notaya alınmadığı anlamına da gelmez. Oysa Hindistan’da notasyonun geçmişi oldukça gerilere gitmektedir. Müziğin saklanması ve kaybolmasını önlemek amacıyla zaman zaman ortaya çıkan notalama sistemleri, aynı zamanda eski bestelere ulaşabilme imkânını sağlamıştır. Dünya müzik tarihinin kültürel oluşumunda çok önemli bir paya sahip Hindistan’ın notasyon sistemlerinin ele alındığı bu makalede konuya ilişkin birtakım bilgiler vermek hedeflenmiştir.
EMRAH BOZOK: DÎVÂNU LUGÂTİ’T-TÜRK’TE TEKRARLI ATASÖZLERİ, ANKARA: GAZİ KİTABEVİ, 2021, 181 S., ISBN: 978-625-7588-29-4
Authors: KAYNAK Filiz
Published: April 2022

Bir toplumun duygu, düşünce, felsefe, ahlâk, inanç sistemleri ve yaşam biçimleri hakkında bilgi veren atasözleri, anlatım gücü ve kavram zenginliği açısından oldukça önemli yapılardır. Genel kural niteliğinde olan bu yapılar; toplumların tecrübeleri sonucu dilden dile, nesilden nesile aktarılarak günümüze kadar gelmiştir. Ne zaman, nerede, kim tarafından söylendiği bilinmemesi sebebiyle anonim mahiyettedirler. İnsanlık tarihi kadar çok eski dönemlere götürülen atasözleri, Türk dili ve tarihinin en temel kaynakları arasında yer alan Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk’te oldukça zengin ve hacimli bir görünüme sahiptir. Bu eserde yer alan atasözleri ile ilgili günümüze kadar birçok çalışma yapılmıştır.
Polylactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles immobilized with isoniazid: optimization using the experimental Taguchi method
Authors:   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Galiyeva A.R. , Tazhbayev Ye.M. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Zhumagaliyeva T.S. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Sadyrbekov D.T. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Kaikenov D.A. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Karimova B.N. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov, Shokenova S.S. ,   Karagandy University of the name of academician E.A. Buketov
Published: April 2022

The research aims to optimize and minimize the number of experiments to obtain polylactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized with antituberculosis (anti-TB) drug — isoniazid (INH) by applying the Taguchi method and Design Expert statistical software. Several experiments were performed with varying parameters, namely polymer/drug ratio, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) concentration, the ratio of organic solvent to the aqueous phase, and solvent type. Three different levels and a fractional factorial design were derived for each parameter, particularly the standard orthogonal array (OA) L9. Drug-loaded nanoparticles were prepared by the double emulsion method. The results were obtained from 9 runs indicated particle sizes ranging from 152.2±6.4 nm to 496.4±9.5 nm. These results were used to predict the optimum conditions for synthesizing INH-PLGA particles. The calculated data correlate well with the experimental data. INH-PLGA NPs were obtained with a mean size and polydispersity of nanoparticles of 152.2±2.25 nm and 0.279±0.03, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry were carried out to characterize the obtained nanoparticles. The degree of drug release from PLGA NPs was studied, and the results showed that PLGA prolonged the release of INH from the polymer matrix
Evaluation of sea lettuce (Ulva rigida) collected from Çanakkale Strait as salad and soup by determining the seasonal nutritional content
Authors: Berik Nermin , Çankırılıgil Ekrem Cem , Ormancı Hasan Basri , Yıldız Akın
Published: April 2022

The main aims of this study are determining seasonal chemical composition of green seaweed and evaluating usage of a food source with different processing techniques. For this purpose, Ulva rigida were collected from Çanakkale Strait, Türkiye and amino acid, fatty acid and proximate composition were determined seasonally in both fresh and dried samples. According to results; Ulva rigida contains high protein and amino acids content whereas it has low fat content differs in the range of 0.46-0.85 % in fresh samples and 1.81-4.53 % in dried ones. In the following, the obtained algae samples in the all seasons were processed into salad and algae soup. Most favorite consuming options determined as algae salad among groups. Besides, two consuming options were scored highest in spring and autumn. In a conclusion, Ulva rigida is evaluated a desirable aquatic food source by the consumers, especially in spring.
INCREASING KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH CADRES THROUGH TRAINING ON HOW TO CHOOSE CONTRACEPTION METHODS IN SOREANG DISTRICT
Authors: Wijaya Merry , Elba Fardila , Nilam Sari Atriany , Hilmanto Dany , Poddar Sandeep
Published: April 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major impact on health aspects, especially contraceptive services. This condition has resulted in a surge in baby births due to the increasing drop out rate in the use of contraceptives, limited public access to health facilities, the assumption that couples of childbearing age delay visiting health facilities to get family planning services due to fear of infection. Regarding the existing problems, it is very necessary to have an educational approach regarding contraception and cadres who are the closest people to the community. This study used a quasi-experimental one group pretest-posttest design. The sample of this study used cluster sampling, there were 125 respondents. Analysis of the data using a different test t test. Calculation of data using SPSS. The results showed that the characteristics of cadres were in the age group, the majority of cadres were in the age group of 35-50 years (64.3%). Based on the length of time being a cadre, most are in the range of 1-3 years and more than 3 years have the same percentage (49.2%). There is a significant effect between the training of cadres on contraceptive methods in increasing the knowledge of health cadres.
RIGHT SIDED INFECTIVE ENDOCARDITIS MASQUERADING AS PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS: A CASE REPORT
Authors: Abdul Hadi Azwanis Binti , Bin Khairuddin Khairun’naim , Bin Ismail Mohd Nizamuddin
Published: April 2022

Right-sided infective endocarditis is not as common as left-sided infective endocarditis. The clinical signs and symptoms of right-sided infective endocarditis are subtle, making clinical detection more complex and easily leads to misdiagnosis. We present a case of mild haemoptysis as a presentation of right-sided infective endocarditis but was initially misdiagnosed as pulmonary tuberculosis, which led to a delay in treatment. The patient had multiple visits to the health facilities (private clinic, government’s health clinic and hospital) and one admission to the hospital for recurrent cough, fever, and haemoptysis without any improvement. Later, he was diagnosed with right-sided infective endocarditis and was well after treatment. Delays in treatment can lead to an increased risk of permanent morbidity to the patient.This case report highlights the importance of a high index of suspicion and exploring other differential diagnoses of haemoptysis apart from pulmonary tuberculosis.
EXPLORING THE CONNECTION BETWEEN SPIRITUAL WELL-BEING AND QUALITY OF LIFE AMONG OLDER ADULTS IN MARAWI CITY
Authors: A. Bangcola Ashley , Pangandaman Hamdoni
Published: April 2022

This study aims to explore the relationship between spiritual well-being and the quality of life of older adults. Thus, a descriptive correlational study was conducted with 97 older adults from Marawi City who were residing in temporary evacuation centers. The older adults were recruited by census from 5 evacuation centers located in Iligan City and the Municipalities of Pantar, Saguiaran, and Balo-i. Data were collected through the Spirituality Assessment Scale, and the Older People’s Quality of Life Questionnaire. Most of the older adults attained a fair or mixed spiritual well-being (overall mean=3.80) and a fairly positive overall quality of life (overall mean=3.50). According to Spearman Rho Correlation, there was a positive correlation between spiritual wellbeing and quality of life (p=0.048). Therefore, as spiritual well-being increases, so does the quality of life.
KNOWLEDGE AND PRACTICE OF BASIC LIFE SUPPORT (BLS) AMONG REGISTERED NURSE AT A PRIVATE HOSPITAL IN SEREMBAN
Authors: Isa Roslinda , Rahmad Nuramalina , Syed Mohd Sharifah Nabilah , Fauzi Rosuzeita , Isa Isa Siti Nor Ismalina
Published: April 2022

Introduction: BLS is a mechanism that maintains or restores life by creating and sustaining airway, ventilation and circulation without the need for adjunctive equipment and successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation will increase the chance of survival. Objective: to determine the registered nurse knowledge and practice of Basic Life Support (BLS) in one of private hospital in Seremban. Methods: A quantitative cross sectional study regarding knowledge and practice of BLS among staff nurses was done. Questionnaires distributed to 170 respondents in one of the private hospitals in Seremban. Questionnaire were divided in four part;Part A demographic data, Part B regarding knowledge on BLS, Part C practice on BLS. Results: Data analysis showed that respondents have good knowledge with 143(84.1%); respondent show an average level of practices with 92(54.1%). There was an association between level knowledge and practice with p = 0.0319. Conclusion: There was good knowledge and an average practice towards BLS among nurses in one of private Hospital in Seremban. This show that the educational program can be enhanced to sustain the theoretical and practical while performing the BLS in nursing expertise. Therefore future research is suggested to further investigate BLS issue as this skill is important for the nurses in order to provide better prognosis during emergency in patient care.
NURSING PRACTICES OF IMPLEMENTING EARLY MOBILISATION ON PATIENTS WITH MECHANICAL VENTILATORS IN THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Hashim Noraini , Wahab Melati
Published: April 2022

Background: Critically ill patients requiring mechanical ventilation might experience physical functional disabilities and are at risk in developing Intensive Care Unit (ICU)-acquired weakness. Early mobilisation reduces muscle weakness and improves recovery for mechanically ventilated patients in ICU. Although early mobilisation is safe and feasible for patients, there are barriers to its implementation Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate nursing practices of early mobilisation for mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey of simple random sampling using a structured questionnaire was conducted from 27 November 2019 to 31 January 2020 and completed by 145 critical care nurses from Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun, Ipoh and Pusat Perubatan Universiti Teknologi MARA. Results: Most nurses (n=142, 97.9%) practice mobilisation activities on mechanically ventilated patients. The majority of nurses performed in-bed activities to mechanically ventilated patients. There was a perceived barrier among nurses early mobilisation in the ICU with attitudes subscale (M=27.36, SD=3.7) were the highest mean for the subscale barrier score. Conclusion: This study shows that dedicated critical care nurses in the ICU were associated with increased early mobilisation practices among ICU patients undergoing mechanical ventilators. Future studies need to involve other health care professionals in the mobilisation team as implementation of early mobilisation requires interdisciplinary teamwork, commitment, and resource to promote mobilisation.
Extended middle fossa approach for resection of a petroclival meningioma and vestibular schwannoma
Authors: Rennert Robert C. , Budohoski Karol P. , Gurgel Richard K. , Couldwell William T.
Published: April 2022

A 69-year-old woman with refractory left facial pain and subtle left hearing decline had a 13.0 × 8.1–mm left petrous apex/Meckel’s cave meningioma and an 8.8 × 5.6–mm left intracanalicular vestibular schwannoma. She was otherwise neurologically intact. The anterior petrous and middle fossa approaches provide ideal access to these lesions individually, so an extended middle fossa approach was used to resect both in the same setting. She was neurologically stable postoperatively, except for a transient abducens palsy. Hearing was preserved on audiogram, and 4-month MRI displayed no tumors. The extended middle fossa approach provides excellent exposure of the petrous apex and internal auditory canal.

The video can be found here: https://stream.cadmore.media/r10.3171/2022.1.FOCVID21258
Radiological and clinical outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery for gangliogliomas: an international multicenter study
Authors: Mantziaris Georgios , Diamond Joshua , Pikis Stylianos , El Hefnawi Farid M. , Al Sideiri Ghusn , Coupé François-Louis , Mathieu David , Lee Cheng-Chia , May Jaromir , Liščák Roman , Peker Selcuk , Samanci Yavuz , Niranjan Ajay , Lunsford L. Dade , Sheehan Jason P.
Published: April 2022

OBJECTIVE

The optimal treatment for recurrent and residual gangliogliomas remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) in the management of patients with recurrent or residual intracranial ganglioglioma.

METHODS

This retrospective multicenter study involved patients managed with SRS for ganglioglioma. The study endpoints included local tumor control and tumor- or SRS-related neurological morbidity following treatment. Factors associated with tumor progression and neurological morbidity were also analyzed.

RESULTS

The cohort included 20 patients (11 males [55%]) with a median age of 24.5 (IQR 14) years who had been managed with SRS for ganglioglioma. Five-year radiological progression-free survival was 85.6%. After SRS, 2 patients (10%) experienced transient neurological deterioration. At a median clinical follow-up of 88.5 (IQR 112.5) months, 1 patient (5%) experienced seizure worsening and 1 (5%) required further resection of the tumor because of radiological progression. No mortality was noted in this series.

CONCLUSIONS

SRS appears to be a safe and effective treatment option for surgically inaccessible, recurrent, and residual gangliogliomas. In this series, the 5-year progression-free survival rate after SRS was 85.6%. Gross-total resection remains the primary treatment of choice for patients with newly diagnosed or recurrent ganglioglioma. SRS may be considered for patients unfit for surgery and those with surgically inaccessible newly diagnosed, residual, and recurrent lesions.
Acute Viral Encephalitis Neuroimaging Spectrum
Authors: Kirsch A.K. , Wang A.-M. , Silbergleit R. , Memon F. , Barry K.A. , Al-Hakim M.M. , Krishnan A.
Published: April 2022

Acute viral encephalitis involves inflammation of the brain caused by multiple different viruses, with CT of the head and MR imaging of the brain involved in the initial diagnostic work-up. Although viral encephalitis may have nonspecific findings on neuroimaging, some imaging patterns
have been identified in viral subtypes on MR imaging. The most common cause of encephalitis is herpes simplex virus, with the typical imaging features demonstrating unilateral medial temporal lobe signal abnormalities. Bilateral temporal lobe, cerebellum, and brain stem signal abnormalities
are seen in herpes simplex virus 2, with associated edema, necrosis, and hemorrhage. Signal abnormalities are commonly seen in the bilateral basal ganglia, thalami, and mesial temporal lobes in West Nile virus encephalitis. HIV encephalitis is associated with symmetric signal abnormality in
the periventricular and deep white matter, which can be differentiated from progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by asymmetric U-fiber involvement. The purpose of this article is to present imaging findings associated with typical and atypical cases of viral encephalitis to guide diagnosis,
promote early intervention, and improve clinical outcomes.Learning Objective: Identify unique radiologic findings associated with different types of viral encephalitis to guide diagnosis and improve clinical outcomes.
Nonvestibular Schwannomas of the Head and Neck
Authors: Duran A.H. , Starc M.T. , Khorsandi A.
Published: April 2022

Schwannomas are benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, of which almost half occur in the head and neck. Schwannomas may arise from any cranial, autonomic, or peripheral nerve. It is crucial to recognize the imaging features suggestive of schwannoma because the management decisions are unique due to the generally benign nature of this disease. While most nonvestibular schwannomas will be asymptomatic until they are large, tumors within or adjacent to bony structures are often associated with neurologic symptoms. This article provides a multimodality imaging review of the varied appearance of nonvestibular schwannomas in the head and neck as well as correlative discussion of the clinical presentation and management.Learning Objective: To describe the imaging appearance, critical clinical features, and management implications of nonvestibular schwannomas of the head and neck
Discovering the Combined In-vitro Antiinflammatory Effects of Smilax glabra Standardized Rhizome Extract and Berberis aristata Standardized Root Extract
Authors: Singla Neelam , Kadawla Mamta
Published: April 2022

No combined anti-inflammatory perspectives of Smilax glabra rhizome extract and Berberis aristata root extract have been described in an in vitro approach, according to a search of standard worldwide scientific and pharmaceutical databases (human red blood cells, HRBC). S. glabra standardized rhizome extract (SGSRE) and B. aristata standardized fruit extract (BASFE) were tested combined to see whether they had any synergistic action. At a concentration of 250 μg/mL, SGSRE provided 28.63 percent membrane stabilization/protection in HRBCs, whereas BASFE provided 38.11 percent. When the extracts SGSRE and BASFE were combined (at a concentration of 250 μg/mL each), their anti-inflammatory effect was increased to 58.14 percent. The anti-inflammatory impact was boosted by 20 percent to 30 percent when both extracts were given at the same time. Saponin, tannin, terpenoid, flavonoid, alkaloid, steroid, phenolics, and other phytoconstituents found in plants mediate anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting various inflammatory enzymes and helping to stabilize the HRBC membrane. This study will open the door for further research into developing new herbal formulations to treat acute and chronic inflammation.
Transethosomes: Novel Technology for Skin Delivery of Drugs
Authors: Dehaghani Maryam Zarghami , Mahapatra DebarshiKar , Joseph Tomy Muringayil
Published: April 2022

The human body’s contact with the outside world is the skin, which has a total surface area of roughly 1.8 m2. Because it removes many of the difficulties associated with the oral route, the transdermal mode of medicine administration has aroused a lot of interest in pharmaceutical research. Although the skin, particularly the stratum corneum, is a barrier to most medicine absorption, it does provide a large (1.2 m2) and easily accessible surface area for drug diffusion. Several approaches for improving bioactive delivery through transdermal distribution have recently been investigated. Some of the most frequent examples are iontophoresis, electrophoresis, sonophoresis, chemical permeation enhancers, magnetophoresis, microneedles, and vesicular systems (niosomes, liposomes, elastic liposomes such as transfersomes, ethosomes, and transethosomes). Transethosomes seem to be the most promising of the group, since they include both lipophilic and hydrophilic sections and can take therapeutic compounds with a wide range of solubility. Transethosomes may bend and pass through constrictions that are 5 to 10 times smaller in diameter than their own. Intact vesicles may be pierced more readily due to their high deformability. These vesicles may transport analgesics, anesthetics, corticosteroids, sex hormones, anticancer drugs, insulin, and other pharmaceuticals transdermally.
Values in the development of the strengthening of labor coexistence
Authors: Reina Estacio José Rivelino , Araujo Vallecilla Dora Emilcen , Garcia Gobea Saydi Magaly , Castañeda Polanco Juan Gabriel
Published: April 2022

This research article refers to the strengthening of healthy coexistence through values, taking into account that values strengthen a society and culturalize with significant aspects to live in harmony. Therefore, the objective of this research is to investigate how low coexistence influences the academic performance of students.  It was necessary to use an interview applied to students and parents. By means of the qualitative method, which allowed to know how values help to strengthen coexistence, from the school and family context. Leaving as a result particularly the participation and interaction between families and young people in order to influence with rules and values that are reflected in the educational context. At the end of the project, a booklet will be delivered to the educational context for the applicability with young people and to solve negative situations of bad coexistence that may arise in it.
Politics and Administration: Creating a Balance for Effective Service Delivery in selected African countries
Authors: Durokifa Anuoluwapo , Dominique Uwizeyimana , Enaifoghe Andrew
Published: April 2022

The role politics plays in public service administration and service delivery has been of interest to studies. Too often, writers, analysts, and commentators have referred to the presence or absence of a political will or unspecified incentives as an explanation for service delivery outcomes. Although not relatively new, scholars have been trying to balance the two key concepts. In Africa, society has become a platform where politicians want to extend their domain thereby, politicising public and administrative institutions. On this note, this article, using pieces of literature, explored the impacts of politics in public administration while striking a balance for effective service delivery in selected African countries. The study highlights the friction that exists between politics and administration in Africa, as well as its effect on service delivery. The study argues that while it is difficult to separate politics and administration in Africa based on the crucial role they play in the provision of services, there can be a balance between the two that will enable them to work cooperatively.
Do we go or we stay? : Drivers of Migration from the Global South to the Global North
Authors: Korsi Lawrence , Vorvornator Vorvornator
Published: April 2022

Migration from south to north nowadays is becoming unprecedented and alarming. Earlier scholars classified drivers of migration into push and pull factors. Modern trends of migration cannot be limited to push and pull factors. Regards, the Foresight conceptual framework on migration is adopted to explain determinants of modern migration. The study aims to identify trends and patterns of earlier and modern drivers of migration and to reveal contributions of migrants to origin countries. The paper adopts sampling methods of desktop research, relevant journals and magazines on migration gathered for the write-up. Findings revealed that in the olden days, migrations were mainly driven by push and pull factors; however, modern days drivers comprise macro (push and push) factors such as; unemployment, non-economic, and environment. Meso drivers are distances, social networks, technologies and Diasporas links. Micro reasons are age, sex, attitude, education and marital status. These factors are considered before whether to migrate or not. The paper argues that migration can result in brain drain, and can also lead to brain gain. The skilled workers lost from developing to developed countries return home, establish businesses, and train non-migrants. Remittances flow to origin countries are used for development. However, some scholars view remittances as causes of inflation, termed it ‘Dutch disease’. The paper concludes that in earlier days, when meso and micro factors were not there as drivers of migration, they now play significant roles in migration. Therefore, it is recommended that good governance and democratic principles be revamped and rejuvenated in the global south to ensure economic growth and development which will ameliorate migration to the Western world for seeking greener pastures.
The Challenges of Students with Disabilities Access and Participation in Higher Education in South Africa
Authors: Selepe M.M. , Molelemane ME
Published: April 2022

Visually impairment means partially or completely blind. Students with visual impairments face several structural and attitudinal barriers when entering higher education. External factors have been identified as contributing to the academic success of visually impaired and blind students. These include social support and university student services, family support and faculty support. Emotional support from family members contributes to the academic achievements of visually impaired students. The study’s objective is to investigate the challenges and experiences of students with disabilities with specific reference to blindness and visual impairment at tertiary institutions and find possible solutions. The rationale behind the study is to address self-confidence, the stigma of society and improve society’s understanding of the visually impaired and the blind. The article outlines the role of the theoretical framework in the social inclusion of students with disabilities in higher education institutions. The article aims to use the conceptual approach to investigate the challenges of students visual impairment and blindness. It will rely heavily on secondary data. The main findings presented in this study are the challenges faced by the impaired and blind students, which are financial challenges, social stigma, accessibility, peer acceptance, language challenges of visually impaired students, lack of clear policies on inclusive education and mechanisms that will remedy the challenges of students with disabilities in higher education institutions. The South African government‘s strategic policy framework on people with disability at Higher Education Institutions recommend a critical analysis of current institutional policies that identify gaps regarding people with disabilities. The analysis includes the needs of people with disabilities in their annual action plans. It also comprises institutional infrastructure and programmes to include people with disabilities. The study concludes with the statement of the research problem, the summary of key arguments and findings, a short discussion of the implications of the research and the study’s recommendations.
Multiadducts of C60 Modulate Amyloid-β Fibrillation with Dual Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition and Antioxidant Properties: In Vitro and In Silico Studies
Authors: Martínez-Herrera Melchor , Figueroa-Gerstenmaier Susana , López-Camacho Perla Y. , Millan-Pacheco Cesar , Balderas-Altamirano Miguel A. , Mendoza-Franco Graciela , García-Sierra Franciscos , Zavala-Ocampo Lizeth M. , Basurto-Islas Gustavo
Published: April 2022

Background: Amyloid-β (Aβ) fibrils induce cognitive impairment and neuronal loss, leading to onset of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The inhibition of Aβ aggregation has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for AD. Pristine C60 has shown the capacity to interact with the Aβ peptide and interfere with fibril formation but induces significant toxic effects in vitro and in vivo. Objective: To evaluate the potential of a series of C60 multiadducts to inhibit the Aβ fibrillization. Methods: A series of C60 multiadducts with four to six diethyl malonyl and their corresponding disodium-malonyl substituents were synthesized as individual isomers. Their potential on Aβ fibrillization inhibition was evaluated in vitro, in cellulo, and silico. Antioxidant activity, acetylcholinesterase inhibition capacity, and toxicity were assessed in vitro. Results: The multiadducts modulate Aβ fibrils formation without inducing cell toxicity, and that the number and polarity of the substituents play a significant role in the adducts efficacy to modulate Aβ aggregation. The molecular mechanism of fullerene-Aβ interaction and modulation was identified. Furthermore, the fullerene derivatives exhibited antioxidant capacity and reduction of acetylcholinesterase activity. Conclusion: Multiadducts of C60 are novel multi-target-directed ligand molecules that could hold considerable promise as the starting point for the development of AD therapies.