bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antibacterial Potential of Allium ursinum Extract Prepared by the Green Extraction Method
Authors: Stupar Alena , Šarić Ljubiša , Vidović Senka , Bajić Aleksandra , Kolarov Violeta , Šarić Bojana
Published: July 2022

The antimicrobial activity of Allium ursinum aqueous extract prepared using high pressure extraction was evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of A. ursinum extract for six bacterial pathogens were determined using the broth macrodilution method. Although the A. ursinum extract was shown to be effective toward all investigated foodborne bacteria, its antimicrobial activity depended on its concentration and bacterial strain. Listeria monocytogenes was the most sensitive to antimicrobial activity of A. ursinum extract among all tested pathogens. Accordingly, the lowest MIC and MBC of A. ursinum extract were determined for L. monocytogenes (28 and 29 mg/mL). The tested extract showed a similar antimicrobial potential to other examined bacterial strains (Salmonella Enteritidis, Proteus hauseri, Enterococcus faecalis and two strains of Escherichia coli) with MIC and MBC values at concentrations of 29 and 30 mg/mL, respectively. The dependence of the antimicrobial activity of the A. ursinum extract on the level of contamination of tested pathogens was also observed. The increase in the contamination level caused an intense reduction in antibacterial potential of the A. ursinum extract. The composition of the A. ursinum extract was analyzed and found to be a good source of polyphenols and sulfur compounds. However, considering the applied extraction method and the HPLC analysis of bioactive compounds, the antimicrobial potential may be attributed more to polyphenol content. The obtained results that the extracts have shown toward food pathogens open the possibility of using the tested extracts as natural additives in a variety of food products.
Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacterales from Tunisian Seafood
Authors: Sola Mehdi , Mani Yosra , Saras Estelle , Drapeau Antoine , Grami Raoudha , Aouni Mahjoub , Madec Jean-Yves , Haenni Marisa , Mansour Wejdene
Published: July 2022

Aquaculture is a rapidly expanding sector in which it is important to monitor the occurrence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. The presence of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL-) or carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales is a commonly used indicator of the resistance burden in a given sector. In this study, 641 pieces of farmed fish (sea bream and sea bass), as well as 1075 Mediterranean clams, were analyzed. All ESBL- and carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales collected were whole-genome sequenced. The proportion of ESBL-producing Enterobacterales was 1.4% in fish and 1.6% in clams, carried by Escherichia coli (n = 23) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 4). The ESBL phenotype was exclusively due to the presence of blaCTX-M genes, the most frequent one being blaCTX-M-15. The blaCTX-M-1 gene was also identified in six E. coli, among which four were carried by IncI1/pST3 plasmids, possibly betraying an animal origin. Carbapenemases were absent in fish but identified in two K. pneumoniae isolates from clams (blaNDM-1 and blaOXA-48). Several sequence types (STs) identified were associated with human MDR clones such as E. coli ST131 and ST617, or K. pneumoniae ST307 and ST147. Our results might indicate that bacteria from hospital or farm effluents can reach the open sea and contaminate seafood and fish that are living or raised nearby. Therefore, monitoring the quality of water discharged to the sea and the presence of MDR bacteria in seafood is mandatory to ensure the quality of fishery products.
Efficient and Stable Fiber Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on Solid-State Li-TFSI Electrolytes with 4-Oxo-TEMPO Derivatives
Authors: An Pyeongje , Kim Jae Ho , Shin Myeonghwan , Kim Sukyeong , Cho Sungok , Park Chaehyun , Kim Geonguk , Lee Hyung Woo , Choi Jin Woo , Ahn Chuljin , Song Myungkwan
Published: July 2022

Fiber-shaped dye-sensitized solar cells (FDSSCs) with flexibility, weavablity, and wearability have attracted intense scientific interest and development in recent years due to their low cost, simple fabrication, and environmentally friendly operation. Since the Grätzel group used the organic radical 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-1-piperidinyloxy (TEMPO) as the redox system in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in 2008, TEMPO has been utilized as an electrolyte to further improve power conversion efficiency (PCE) of solar cells. Hence, the TEMPO with high catalyst oxidant characteristics was developed as a hybrid solid-state electrolyte having high conductivity and stability structure by being integrated with a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI) film for FDSSCs. The optimized 4-Oxo TEMPO (OX) based solid-state FDSSC (SS-FDSSC) showed the PCE of up to 6%, which was improved by 34.2% compared to that of the reference device with 4.47%. The OX-enhanced SS-FDSSCs reduced a series resistance (Rs) resulting in effective electron extraction with improved short-circuit current density (JSC), while increasing a shunt resistance (Rsh) to prevent the recombination of photo-excited electrons. The result is an improvement in a fill factor (FF) and consequently a higher value for the PCE.
Ti3C2Tx as a Sensor for SF6/N2 Nitrogen-Containing Fault Decomposition Characteristic Products: A Theoretical Study
Authors: Zeng Fuping , Qiu Hao , Feng Xiaoxuan , Chao Xianzong , Dai Liangjun , Yao Qiang , Tang Ju
Published: July 2022

The SF6/N2 gas mixture is an alternative gas to SF6. SF6/N2 will decompose and generate nitrogenous characteristic gases, such as NO, NO2, N2O, and NF3, when exposed to long-term partial discharge. The adsorption models of Ti3C2Tx (T=O, F, OH) and NO, NO2, N2O, NF3 were constructed, and the most stable adsorption structure was selected in this paper. The electron density and density of states of the adsorption system were further analyzed to study the adsorption behavior, and the sensing performance was evaluated in the end. The results are as follows: four gases could be spontaneously adsorbed on Ti3C2Tx, and strong adsorption occurred when surface terminal groups were OH, forming hydrogen or chemical bonds with significant charge transfer. Results show that Ti3C2(OH)2 had a stronger sensing ability than Ti3C2F2 and Ti3C2O2. The conductivity of the Ti3C2Tx with different terminal groups was improved after the adsorption of NO and NO2, showing Ti3C2Tx had a good sensing ability for NO and NO2. It was difficult for the four gases to desorb from the Ti3C2(OH)2 surface, but the adsorption on the Ti3C2F2, Ti3C2O2 surface had a short recovery time at room temperature.
Effect of Fabrication Method on the Thermo Mechanical and Electrical Properties of Graphene Doped PVDF Nanocomposites
Authors: Al-Harthi Mamdouh A. , Hussain Manwar
Published: July 2022

Nanocomposites of poly (vinylidene fluoride) PVDF with graphene nanoflakes (GNF) were prepared using two different routes. Initially, a mix-melting method was used to prepare composites, and their thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated to choose the better method for future experiment and properties investigation. Then, nanocomposite films were prepared by a simple solution-casting technique using a PVDF/graphene solution. In both cases, the amount of graphene was varied to observe and to compare their thermal and mechanical properties. The addition of graphene to the PVDF matrix resulted in changes in the crystallization and melting behaviors as confirmed by DSC analyses. Increasing the graphene content led to improved thermal stability of the PVDF nanocomposites prepared using both methods. Improvements in mechanical properties by the addition of graphene were also observed. Better performance was observed by the nanocomposites prepared by a mix-melting technique suggesting better dispersion and strong interface bonding between PVDF and graphene particles. Thermal and electrical conductivity were measured and compared. Microstructure and morphology were characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses.
Platinum–Dysprosium Alloys as Oxygen Electrodes in Alkaline Media: An Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Milikić Jadranka , Nikolić Nikola , Santos Diogo M. F. , Macciò Daniele , Saccone Adriana , Alsaiari Mabkhoot , Jalalah Mohammed , Faisal M. , Harraz Farid A. , Li Yizhao , Nassr Abu Bakr , Pašti Igor , Šljukić Biljana
Published: July 2022

Platinum–dysprosium (Pt–Dy) alloys prepared by the arc melting technique are assessed as potential electrodes for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) using voltammetry and chronoamperometry in alkaline media. A relatively small change (10 at.%) in the alloy composition brought a notable difference in the alloys’ performance for the ORR. Pt40Dy60 electrode, i.e., the electrode with a lower amount of Pt, was identified to have a higher activity towards ORR as evidenced by lower overpotential and higher current densities under identical experimental conditions. Furthermore, DFT calculations point out the unique single-atom-like coordination and electronic structure of Pt atoms in the Pt40Dy60 surface as responsible for enhanced ORR activity compared to the alloy with a higher Pt content. Additionally, Pt–Dy alloys showed activity in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), with the OER current density lower than that of pure Pt.
MOCVD Growth and Structural Properties of ZnS Nanowires: A Case Study of Polytypism
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Fossard Frédéric , Amiri Gaelle , Chauveau Jean-Michel , Sallet Vincent
Published: July 2022

Controlling the morphology, orientation, and crystal phase of semiconductor nanowires is crucial for their future applications in nanodevices. In this work, zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanowires have been grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), using gold or gold–gallium alloys as catalyst. At first, basic studies on MOCVD growth regimes (mass-transport, zinc- or sulfur- rich conditions) have been carried out for ZnS thin films. Subsequently, the growth of ZnS nanowires was investigated, as a function of key parameters such as substrate temperature, S/Zn ratio, physical state and composition of the catalyst droplet, and supersaturation. A detailed analysis of the structural properties by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is given. Depending on the growth conditions, a variety of polytypes is observed: zinc-blende (3C), wurtzite (2H) as well as an uncommon 15R crystal phase. It is demonstrated that twinning superlattices, i.e., 3C structures with periodic twin defects, can be achieved by increasing the Ga concentration of the catalyst. These experimental results are discussed in the light of growth mechanisms reported for semiconductor nanowires. Hence, in this work, the control of ZnS nanowire structural properties appears as a case study for the better understanding of polytypism in semiconductor 1D nanostructures.
Comment on Richer et al. Night Vision and Carotenoids (NVC): A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial on Effects of Carotenoid Supplementation on Night Vision in Older Adults. Nutrients 2021, 13, 3191
Authors: Green-Gomez Marina , Roche Warren , Nolan John M.
Published: July 2022

Richer and colleagues [...]
Recovery of Health and Wellbeing in Rural Cancer Survivors Following Primary Treatment: Analysis of UK Qualitative Interview Data
Authors: Graham Florence , Kane Ros , Gussy Mark , Nelson David
Published: July 2022

Purpose: Rural cancer survivors have poorer experiences and health outcomes compared to their urban counterparts. There is limited research on the post-treatment experiences of UK cancer survivors residing in rural areas. This study aimed to provide an understanding of the specific challenges and opportunities faced by rural cancer survivors and to provide insight into how rurality influences experiences post-primary treatment, ultimately to inform service provision. Methods: A secondary analysis of in-depth interview transcripts (n = 16) from a wider study on self-management in cancer survivors was conducted. An adapted version of Foster and Fenlon’s recovery of health and wellbeing in cancer survivorship framework informed the data coding. Results: Health and wellbeing were interrupted by a variety of problem incidents, and the subsequent steps to recovery were influenced by pre-existing, personal, environmental, and healthcare factors. A prominent theme was support, both from local communities and family as well as from healthcare professionals, with many survivors feeling that their rural setting had a positive influence on their health and wellbeing. Close relationships with local GPs were seen as fundamental to supporting recovery. Access to healthcare was frequently mentioned as a challenge with an emphasis on lengthy travel times and limited bespoke support in rural areas. Conclusions: This study is novel in that it applied a well-established theoretical framework to a rich qualitative dataset on the lived experiences of rural cancer survivors. Rural residency influenced recovery from cancer both positively and negatively. Implications for Cancer Survivors: Future practitioners and policy makers should consider working with local communities to tailor interventions to the specific characteristics of the rural environment.
Phylogenomics and Diversification of the Schistosomatidae Based on Targeted Sequence Capture of Ultra-Conserved Elements
Authors: Ebbs Erika T. , Loker Eric S. , Bu Lijing , Locke Sean A. , Tkach Vasyl V. , Devkota Ramesh , Flores Veronica R. , Pinto Hudson A. , Brant Sara V.
Published: July 2022

Schistosomatidae Stiles and Hassall 1898 is a medically significant family of digenetic trematodes (Trematoda: Digenea), members of which infect mammals or birds as definitive hosts and aquatic or amphibious gastropods as intermediate hosts. Currently, there are 17 named genera, for many of which evolutionary interrelationships remain unresolved. The lack of a resolved phylogeny has encumbered our understanding of schistosomatid evolution, specifically patterns of host-use and the role of host-switching in diversification. Here, we used targeted sequence capture of ultra-conserved elements (UCEs) from representatives of 13 of the 17 named genera and 11 undescribed lineages that are presumed to represent either novel genera or species to generate a phylogenomic dataset for the estimation of schistosomatid interrelationships. This study represents the largest phylogenetic effort within the Schistosomatidae in both the number of loci and breadth of taxon sampling. We present a near-comprehensive family-level phylogeny providing resolution to several clades of long-standing uncertainty within Schistosomatidae, including resolution for the placement of the North American mammalian schistosomes, implying a second separate capture of mammalian hosts. Additionally, we present evidence for the placement of Macrobilharzia at the base of the Schistosoma + Bivitellobilharzia radiation. Patterns of definitive and intermediate host use and a strong role for intermediate host-switching are discussed relative to schistosomatid diversification.
Characterization of Bacterial Differences Induced by Cleft-Palate-Related Spatial Heterogeneity
Authors: Zhou Fangjie , Su Zhifei , Li Qinyang , Wang Renke , Liao Ying , Zhang Min , Li Jiyao
Published: July 2022

Background: Cleft palate (CP) patients have a higher prevalence of oral and respiratory tract bacterial infections than the general population. Nevertheless, characteristics of bacterial differences induced by CP-related anatomical heterogeneity are unknown. Methods: In this study, we systematically described the characteristics of bacteria in the oral and nasal niches in healthy children, CP children, healthy adolescents, CP adolescents, and postoperative adolescents by 454-pyrosequencing technology (V3–V6) to determine bacterial differences induced by CP. Results: Due to the CP-induced variations in spatial structure, the early establishment of microecology in CP children was different from that in healthy children. Nasal bacterial composition showed greater changes than in the saliva. Moreover, such discrepancy also appeared in CP and postoperative adolescents who had even undergone surgery > 10 years previously. Interestingly, we found by Lefse analysis that part of bacterial biomarkers in the nasal cavity of CP subjects was common oral flora, suggesting bacterial translocation between the oral and nasal niches. Therefore, we defined the oral–nasal translocation bacteria as O-N bac. By comparing multiple groups, we took the intersection sets of O-N bacs selected from CP children, CP adolescents, and postoperative adolescents as TS O-N bacs with time–character, including Streptococcus, Gemella, Alloprevotella, Neisseria, Rothia, Actinomyces, and Veillonella. These bacteria were at the core of the nasal bacterial network in CP subjects, and some were related to infectious diseases. Conclusions: CP would lead to significant and long-term differences in oral and nasal flora. TS O-N bacs migrating from the oral to the nasal might be the key stone causing nasal flora dysbiosis in the CP patients.
Preparation and Evaluation of Mucus-Penetrating Inhalable Microparticles of Tiotropium Bromide Containing Sodium Glycocholate
Authors: Kwon Yong-Bin , Kang Ji-Hyun , Kim Young-Jin , Kim Dong-Wook , Lee Sung-Hoon , Park Chun-Woong
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to prepare mucus-penetrating inhalable microparticles for dry powder inhalers and to evaluate their applicability in an asthma-induced rat model. Microparticles were prepared from water solutions containing tiotropium bromide, L-leucine, and sodium glycocholate (NaGc) as permeation enhancers using the spray drying method. Four formulations (SDL1, SDL2, SDL3, and SDL4) were used, depending on the various NaGc concentrations. Tiotropium microparticles were characterized by standard methods. Additionally, an asthma-induced rat model was used to confirm the effects of the formulations on lung function. Tiotropium microparticles with NaGc resulted in formulations with a more corrugated morphology and smaller particle size distribution than those without NaGc. SDL 1 had a rough surface with irregular morphology, and SDL 2, 3, and 4 had a corrugated morphology. All SDL formulations had an aerodynamic size of <3 µm. The microparticles with a corrugated morphology aerosolized better than SDL1 microparticles. The apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) values of SDL3 and SDL4 were significantly higher than those for raw tiotropium. In an in vivo study using an asthma-induced rat model, the specific airway resistance (Sraw), airway wall thickness, and mean alveolus size recovered to those of the negative control group in the SDL4 formulation.
Targeting the Blood–Brain Tumor Barrier with Tumor Necrosis Factor-α
Authors: Corti Angelo , Calimeri Teresa , Curnis Flavio , Ferreri Andres J. M.
Published: July 2022

The blood–brain tumor barrier represents a major obstacle for anticancer drug delivery to brain tumors. Thus, novel strategies aimed at targeting and breaching this structure are of great experimental and clinical interest. This review is primarily focused on the development and use of a derivative of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF) that can target and alter the blood–brain-tumor-barrier. This drug, called NGR-TNF, consists of a TNF molecule fused to the Cys-Asn-Gly-Arg-Cys-Gly (CNGRCG) peptide (called NGR), a ligand of aminopeptidase N (CD13)-positive tumor blood vessels. Results of preclinical studies suggest that this peptide-cytokine fusion product represents a valuable strategy for delivering TNF to tumor vessels in an amount sufficient to break the biological barriers that restrict drug penetration in cancer lesions. Moreover, clinical studies performed in patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma, have shown that an extremely low dose of NGR-TNF (0.8 µg/m2) is sufficient to promote selective blood–brain-tumor-barrier alteration, increase the efficacy of R-CHOP (a chemo-immunotherapy regimen) and improve patient survival. Besides reviewing these findings, we discuss the potential problems related to the instability and molecular heterogeneity of NGR-TNF and review the various approaches so far developed to obtain more robust and homogeneous TNF derivatives, as well as the pharmacological properties of other peptide/antibody-TNF fusion products, muteins and nanoparticles that are potentially useful for targeting the blood–brain tumor barrier. Compared to other TNF-related drugs, the administration of extremely low-doses of NGR-TNF or its derivatives appear as promising non-immunogenic approaches to overcome TNF counter-regulatory mechanism and systemic toxicity, thereby enabling safe breaking of the BBTB.
Modeling an Optimal 3D Skin-on-Chip within Microfluidic Devices for Pharmacological Studies
Authors: Fernandez-Carro Estibaliz , Angenent Maricke , Gracia-Cazaña Tamara , Gilaberte Yolanda , Alcaine Clara , Ciriza Jesús
Published: July 2022

Preclinical research remains hampered by an inadequate representation of human tissue environments which results in inaccurate predictions of a drug candidate’s effects and target’s suitability. While human 2D and 3D cell cultures and organoids have been extensively improved to mimic the precise structure and function of human tissues, major challenges persist since only few of these models adequately represent the complexity of human tissues. The development of skin-on-chip technology has allowed the transition from static 3D cultures to dynamic 3D cultures resembling human physiology. The integration of vasculature, immune system, or the resident microbiome in the next generation of SoC, with continuous detection of changes in metabolism, would potentially overcome the current limitations, providing reliable and robust results and mimicking the complex human skin. This review aims to provide an overview of the biological skin constituents and mechanical requirements that should be incorporated in a human skin-on-chip, permitting pharmacological, toxicological, and cosmetic tests closer to reality.
Trans-Anethole Alleviates Trimethyltin Chloride-Induced Impairments in Long-Term Potentiation
Authors: Chang Wonseok , An Jihua , Seol Geun Hee , Han Seung Ho , Yee Jaeyong , Min Sun Seek
Published: July 2022

Trans-anethole is an aromatic compound that has been studied for its anti-inflammation, anticonvulsant, antinociceptive, and anticancer effects. A recent report found that trans-anethole exerted neuroprotective effects on the brain via multiple pathways. Since noxious stimuli may both induce neuronal cell injury and affect synaptic functions (e.g., synaptic transmission or plasticity), it is important to understand whether the neuroprotective effect of trans-anethole extends to synaptic plasticity. Here, the effects of trimethyltin (TMT), which is a neurotoxic organotin compound, was investigated using the field recording method on hippocampal slice of mice. The influence of trans-anethole on long-term potentiation (LTP) was also studied for both NMDA receptor-dependent and NMDA receptor–independent cases. The action of trans-anethole on TMT-induced LTP impairment was examined, too. These results revealed that trans-anethole enhances NMDA receptor-dependent and -independent LTP and alleviates TMT-induced LTP impairment. These results suggest that trans-anethole modulates hippocampal LTP induction, prompting us to speculate that it may be helpful for improving cognitive impairment arising from neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease.
Foliar Application of Salicylic Acid to Mitigate Water Stress in Tomato
Authors: Aires Eduardo Santana , Ferraz Andrew Kim Lopes , Carvalho Beatriz Lívero , Teixeira Fabricio Palla , Putti Fernando Ferrari , de Souza Emanuele Possas , Rodrigues João Domingos , Ono Elizabeth Orika
Published: July 2022

Salicylic acid (SA) is an important plant regulator reported as a mitigator of water deficit in plants, however without a recommendation for use in field conditions. Thus, this research aims to validate the use of SA under field conditions in regions with low water availability. For that, we evaluated CO2 assimilation (A), stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration (E), water use efficiency (WUE), and carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci) at 15, 30, and 45 days of continuous stress water deficit, as well as the application of salicylic acid (0.0; 0.5; 1.0; 1.5; 2.0 mM) in tomato plants subjected to continuous water deficit (45 days), in two years (2019 and 2020). The water deficit reduced the A, gs, E and A/Ci, while the foliar application of SA increased these parameters in all evaluated times, resulting in similar or even higher values than in plants without water deficit. Water deficit caused floral abortion in tomato plants, without the application of SA, reducing the number of fruit production. In contrast, plants that received about 1.3 mM of SA increased A and A/Ci and translocated the photo-assimilates, mainly to flowers and fruits, reducing floral abortion and increasing fruit production. Thus, foliar application of SA was efficient in mitigating the deleterious effects of water deficit in tomato plants regarding the gas exchange and fruit production.
Identification and Expression Analysis of Stilbene Synthase Genes in Arachis hypogaea in Response to Methyl Jasmonate and Salicylic Acid Induction
Authors: Qayyum Zuhra , Noureen Fatima , Khan Maryam , Khan Marrium , Haider Ghulam , Munir Faiza , Gul Alvina , Amir Rabia
Published: July 2022

Stilbene synthase is an important enzyme of the phenylpropanoid pathway, regulating the production of several biologically active stilbenoids. These compounds have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. However, the detailed characterization of stilbene synthase genes in Arachis hypogaea has not yet been performed. In this study, the comprehensive characterization of stilbene synthase genes in A. hypogaea was conducted, commencing with identification, phylogenetic analysis, and study of their expression in response to exogenous hormonal treatment. We identified and isolated five AhSTSs genes and recorded their expression pattern in peanut (BARD-479) in response to methyl jasmonate (MeJA) and salicylic acid (SA) treatment. The presence of Chal_sti_synt, ACP_syn_III, and FAE1_CUT1_rppA domains in all AhSTSs indicated their role in the biosynthesis of stilbene and lipid metabolism. Cis-regulatory element analysis indicated their role in light responsiveness, defense responses, regulation of seed development, plant growth, and development. Despite close structural and functional similarities, expression and correlational analysis suggested that these genes may have a specific role in peanut, as individual AhSTS exhibited differential expression upon hormonal treatment in a genotype dependent manner. Further studies on functional characterization involving the transcriptional regulation of AhSTSs can clearly explain the differential expression of stilbene synthase genes to hormonal treatment.
Development of Microsatellite Markers for Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch. Bip., a Plant with a Large and Highly Repetitive Genome
Authors: Varga Filip , Liber Zlatko , Jakše Jernej , Turudić Ante , Šatović Zlatko , Radosavljević Ivan , Jeran Nina , Grdiša Martina
Published: July 2022

Dalmatian pyrethrum (Tanacetum cinerariifolium (Trevis.) Sch. Bip.) is an outcrossing plant species (2n = 18) endemic to the eastern Adriatic coast and source of the natural insecticide pyrethrin. Due to the high repeatability and large genome (1C-value = 9.58 pg) our previous attempts to develop microsatellite markers using the traditional method were unsuccessful. Now we have used Illumina paired-end whole genome sequencing and developed a specific procedure to obtain useful microsatellite markers. A total of 796,130,142 high-quality reads (approx. 12.5× coverage) were assembled into 6,909,675 contigs using two approaches (de novo assembly and joining of overlapped pair-end reads). A total of 31,380 contigs contained one or more microsatellite sequences, of which di-(59.7%) and trinucleotide (25.9%) repeats were the most abundant. Contigs containing microsatellites were filtered according to various criteria to achieve better yield of functional markers. After two rounds of testing, 17 microsatellite markers were developed and characterized in one natural population. Twelve loci were selected for preliminary genetic diversity analysis of three natural populations. Neighbor-joining tree, based on the proportion of shared alleles distances, grouped individuals into clusters according to population affiliation. The availability of codominant SSR markers will allow analysis of genetic diversity and structure of natural Dalmatian pyrethrum populations as well as identification of breeding lines and cultivars.
The Effect of Thymus vulgaris L. Hydrolate Solutions on the Seed Germination, Seedling Length, and Oxidative Stress of Some Cultivated and Weed Species
Authors: Konstantinović Bojan , Popov Milena , Samardžić Nataša , Aćimović Milica , Šućur Elez Jovana , Stojanović Tijana , Crnković Marina , Rajković Miloš
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the hydrolates obtained as the by-products of the Thymus vulgaris essential oil steam distillation process. The bioassays, which were undertaken in order to determine the effect on germination and initial growth of seedlings of some cultivated and weed species, were performed under controlled conditions with different concentrations of the hydrolates. Seeds of Glycine max, Helianthus annuus, Zea mays, Triticum aestivum, Daucus carota subsp. sativus, Allium cepa, Medicago sativa, and Trifolium repens, and six weed species—Amaranthus retroflexus, Chenopodium album, Portulaca oleracea, Echinochloa crus-galli, Sorghum halepense, and Solanum nigrum—were treated with 10, 20, 50, and 100% T. vulgaris hydrolate solution. The obtained results showed that the T. vulgaris hydrolate had the least negative effect on the germination of cultivated species, such as soybean, sunflower and maize, whereas clover and alfalfa were the most sensitive. By comparison, all the tested weed species expressed high susceptibility. It can be concluded that the T. vulgaris hydrolate has an herbicidal effect, in addition to its potential as a biopesticide in terms of integrated weed management.
Comparison of Chemical Composition, Physicochemical Parameters, and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Cultivated and Wild Mexican Oregano Poliomintha longiflora Gray
Authors: Mora-Zúñiga Alma E. , Treviño-Garza Mayra Z. , Amaya Guerra Carlos A. , Galindo Rodríguez Sergio A. , Castillo Sandra , Martínez-Rojas Enriqueta , Rodríguez-Rodríguez José , Báez-González Juan G.
Published: July 2022

Mexican oregano Poliomintha longiflora Gray located in the municipality of Higueras, Nuevo Leon, Mexico was collected during the autumn (September, OCO), winter (January, OCI) and summer (June, OCV) seasons, under cultivation conditions. It was also collected in wild conditions during the autumn (OSO). Essential oil (EO) was extracted from leaves and the color, refractive index and density were reported. The EO yield, antioxidant activity by ORAC assay, thymol and carvacrol concentration and antibacterial activity were statistically compared (p-value = 0.05). Among the various harvests, the highest EO yield, antioxidant activity, thymol and carvacrol content and antibacterial activity against Salmonella Typhi were observed in leaves harvested in autumn. In order to compare wild oregano with cultivated oregano, analyses were performed in the season with the highest essential oil yield and antioxidant activity, recorded in autumn. The main difference found was the ratio of thymol:carvacrol in wild oregano oil, which was 1:8.6, while in cultivated oregano, it was approximately 1:2, which was maintained in all three seasons. The EO on wild conditions showed the best antibacterial activity in Salmonella Typhi. On the other hand, wild and cultivated oregano showed similar antioxidant activity. One advantage of the use of cultivated oregano is that its supply is guaranteed, in contrast to that of wild oregano.
Role of Signaling Molecules Sodium Nitroprusside and Arginine in Alleviating Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress in Wheat
Authors: Ragaey Marwa M. , Sadak Mervat Shamoon , Dawood Mona F. A. , Mousa Nermin H. S. , Hanafy Rania Samy , Latef Arafat Abdel Hamed Abdel
Published: July 2022

Nitric oxide (NO) is a well-accepted signaling molecule that has regulatory effects on plants under various stresses. Salinity is a major issue that adversely affects plant growth and productivity. The current study was carried out to investigate changes in the growth, biochemical parameters, and yield of wheat plants in response to NO donors, namely sodium nitroprusside (SNP) (2.5 and 5.0 mM) and arginine (10 and 20 mM), under two salinity levels (1.2 mM and 85.5 mM NaCl). Salinity stress significantly decreased the lengths and weights of plant parts (shoot, tiller, and root) and reduced the flag leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, indole acetic acid (IAA), and yield and its components. Moreover, salt stress induced a significant accumulation of some osmoprotectants (total soluble sugars (TSS) and amino acids, especially proline) and triggered the accumulation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation in wheat leaves. In contrast, arginine and SNP treatments significantly mitigated the negative impacts of salinity on growth and productivity via enhancing photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase, phenolic compounds, IAA, TSS, free amino acids, and proline. In addition, SNP and arginine potentially reduced oxidative damage by decreasing H2O2 and lipid peroxidation through the induction of antioxidant enzymes. The individual amino acid composition of wheat grains under the interactive effect of salinity and NO sources has been scarcely documented until now. In this study, the NO sources restrained the reduction in essential amino acids (isoleucine and lysine) of wheat grains under salinity stress and further stimulated the contents of non-essential and total aromatic amino acids. Interestingly, the applied protectants recovered the decrease in arginine and serine induced by salinity stress. Thus, SNP or arginine at the levels of 5.0 and 20 mM, respectively, had a profound effect on modulating the salt stress of wheat throughout the life cycle.
Tobacco Mosaic Virus Infection of Chrysanthemums in Thailand: Development of Colorimetric Reverse-Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (RT–LAMP) Technique for Sensitive and Rapid Detection
Authors: Supakitthanakorn Salit , Vichittragoontavorn Kanjana , Sunpapao Anurag , Kunasakdakul Kaewalin , Thapanapongworakul Pilunthana , Ruangwong On-Uma
Published: July 2022

We detected tobacco mosaic virus (TMV), a member of the genus Tobamovirus and one of the most significant plant-infecting viruses, for the first time in a chrysanthemum in Thailand using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT–PCR). The TMV-infected chrysanthemum leaves exhibited mosaic symptoms. We conducted a sequence analysis of the coat protein (CP) gene and found that the TMV detected in the chrysanthemum had 98% identity with other TMV isolates in GenBank. We carried out bioassays and showed that TMV induced mosaic and stunting symptoms in inoculated chrysanthemums. We observed the rigid rod structure of TMV under a transmission electron microscope (TEM). To enhance the speed and sensitivity of detection, we developed a colorimetric RT loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique. We achieved LAMP detection after 30 min incubation in isothermal conditions at 65 °C, and distinguished the positive results according to the color change from pink to yellow. The sensitivity of the LAMP technique was 1000-fold greater than that of RT–PCR, and we found no cross-reactivity with other viruses or viroids. This is the first reported case of a TMV-infected chrysanthemum in Thailand, and our colorimetric RT–LAMP TMV detection method is the first of its kind.
Simple Particle Relaxation Modeling in One-Dimensional Oscillating Flows
Authors: Heidinger Stefan , Unz Simon , Beckmann Michael
Published: July 2022

The relaxation of a rigid particle suspended in a one-dimensional oscillating flow is calculated according to different drag models and the results are compared. Conditions are derived under which relaxation can be neglected or drag models can be substituted by simpler ones. This investigation is conducted analytically and graphically via the plane defined by the Reynolds number and amplitude parameter. This work matches various, mostly analytic drag models together to consider simple particle relaxation with a few, broad range input parameters and cover large parts of the plane spanned by Reynolds number and amplitude parameter.
Clima Social Familiar y la Inteligencia Emocional en los Estudiantes del Tercer Grado de Educación Secundaria de la Institución Educativa N° 5124 Ventanilla, 2016
Authors: Huaca Vilca Carmen Sharon , Cáceres Gálvez Félix , Acori Flores Vladimir
Published: July 2022

La presente investigación tuvo como propósito principal dar a conocer la verificación correlacional entre el clima social familiar y la inteligencia emocional en los estudiantes del Tercer Grado de Educación Secundaria de la Institución Educativa N° 5124 Ventanilla en el año 2016; por lo que, para tal fin se empleó el diseño no experimental en la que se contó con una muestra de estudio de 150 estudiantes. Asimismo, se debe tener en cuenta que la validación de instrumentos del presente trabajo, en el que se demostró su confiabilidad de las mismas, se realizó a través de Alfa de Cronbach, cuyo resultado fue de 0,973, llegando con lo dicho a comprobar o concluir la existencia de una buena correlación entre las variables de estudio, por lo que se afirma una buena asociación entre el clima social familiar y la inteligencia emocional en los estudiantes de la mencionada casa de estudios.
Caracterización cualitativa entre el Rendimiento académico en el Bachillerato y la Universidad en Estudiantes de Investigación Científica
Authors: Durán Flores Lorgio
Published: July 2022

El rendimiento académico en el bachillerato es muy importante para ingresar a la universidad y en esta para ser un buen profesional. En la fase de transición bachillerato-universidad hay un bajo rendimiento de los estudiantes por muchas causas. Esta investigación tiene el propósito de caracterizar cualitativamente la relación entre el rendimiento escolar en el bachillerato y la Universidad en estudiantes que después del bachillerato ingresan a la carrera de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Para lo cual se utilizó una ficha de recolección de datos y se tomó datos del rendimiento académico en el bachillerato y la materia de Investigación Científica del primer semestre de la carrera. Con la ayuda del programa SPSS se construyó un gráfico que nos caracteriza y describe el rendimiento de los estudiantes en ambos niveles de estudio. Mostrando un rendimiento muy bueno en el bachillerato y regular y bajo en la universidad. Confirmando la hipótesis, en sentido de que las características muy buenas del rendimiento escolar en el bachillerato no se reflejan en el rendimiento académico universitario de los estudiantes que ingresan a la Universidad Autónoma Gabriel René MorenoFacultad Integral del Norte-Carrera de Veterinaria y Zootecnia-Materia de Investigación Científica.
Tinjauan Maqasid al-Syari‘ah Terhadap Penerapan Konsep Keluarga Sakinah Pada Keluarga Terdampak Covid-19
Authors: Rianti Dewi
Published: July 2022

The application of the concept of the sakinah family in the midst of the Covid-19 pandemic is not as easy as imagined. It takes a hard process and struggle by all family members. Because not a few conflicts that happen to most families in Indonesia. This study is intended to analyze an effective mechanism in the application of the concept of the sakinah family for families affected by the pandemic, and its review in maqasid al-syariah. This study was conducted with a qualitative-library approach. The results of this study can be concluded that the mechanism that can be done is to strengthen the religious side (religious aspect), build psychological resilience, improve social relations between families, protect themselves and their family members, and do good deeds such as giving charity or helping people who are in trouble.Penerapan konsep keluarga sakinah di tengah pandemi Covid-19 tidaklah semudah yang di bayangkan. Butuh proses dan perjuangan yang keras oleh segenap anggota keluarga. Karena tidak sedikit konflik yang terjadi menimpa kebanyakan keluarga di Indonesia. Kajian ini dimaksudkan untuk menganalisis mekanisme yang efektif dalam penerapan konsep keluarga sakinah bagi keluarga yang terdampak pandemi, dan tinjauannya dalam maqasid al-syariah. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif-kepustakaan. Hasil kajian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa mekanisme yang dapat dilakukan adalah dengan memperkuat sisi agama (aspek religius), membangun ketahanan psikologis, meningkatkan hubungan sosial antar keluarga,  melindungi  diri dan  anggota  keluarganya,  serta melakukan  amal-amal  baik seperti bersedekah ataupun membantu orang yang sedang kesusahan.
Kajian Sadd Al-Dzari’ah Atas Praktik Nikah Siri di Bumiharjo Kab. Jepara
Authors: Apriliani Lia
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted on the fact that in Bumiharjo Village, Jepara Regency, the number of unregistered marriages in 2017 was ± 14 couples. This reality is contrary to Law no. 1 of 1974 concerning marriage, that marriage must be recorded by a Marriage Registrar from the Office of Religious Affairs. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach with a descriptive type of study, to analyze the factors behind unregistered marriages, and a review of them in sadd al-dzari`ah. The results of this study can be stated that the practice of unregistered marriage is motivated by family, economic, and environmental factors. As for sadd al-dzariah's review that in practice, unregistered marriage has the potential to pose risks, because it does not have permanent legal force that can harm the wife and child in the event of a divorce, child's relationship with parents, and inheritance.Kajian ini dilakukan terhadap fakta bahwa di Kelurahan Bumiharjo Kabupaten Jepara jumlah perkawinan siri pada tahun 2017 sebanyak ± 14 pasangan. Realitas tersebut bertolak belakang dengan Undang- undang No. 1 tahun 1974 tentang perkawinan, bahwa perkawinan harus dicatat oleh Pegawai Pencatat Nikah dari Kantor Urusan Agama. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis kajian deskriptif, untuk menganalisis faktor yang melatarbelakangi nikah siri, dan tinjauan tentangnya dalam sadd al-dzari`ah. Hasil kajian ini dapat dinyatakan bahwa praktik nikah siri dilatarbelakangi oleh faktor keluarga, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Adapun dari tinjauan sadd al-dzariah bahwa dalam praktiknya, nikah siri berpotensi memunculkan risiko, karena   tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum tetap yang dapat merugikan istri dan anak apabila nanti terjadi perceraian, hubungan anak dengan orang tua, serta kewarisan.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Praktik Foto Pre Wedding
Authors: Rahman Ubaidur
Published: July 2022

The study was conducted to analyze the practice of taking pre-wedding photos in the village of Tengguli Jepara in Islamic law. This practice often creates intimate scenes between men and women who are not legally married. This study was conducted using a field-qualitative approach, with reference to the field data of those who carried out the practice, and then carried out a comparative analysis. The results of the study show that this practice is contrary to Islamic law due to physical contact between parties who are not legal as husband and wife.Kajian dilakukan untuk menganalisis praktik pengambilan foto pre wedding di desa Tengguli Jepara dalam hukum Islam. Praktik tersebut tidak jarang memunculkan adegan  mesra  antara  laki dan perempuan yang belum sah sebagai pasangan suami istri. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif-lapangan, dengan merujuk pada data-data di lapangan pihak yang melakukan  praktik tersebut, kemudian dilakukan analisis secara komparatif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan  bahwa praktik tersebut bertentangan dengan hukum Islam dikarenakan adanya kontak fisik antara pihak yang belum sah sebagai suami istri.
Tinjauan Hukum Islam terhadap Pemberian Mahar Non Materi
Authors: Saidah Yuni Nur
Published: July 2022

This study was conducted to discuss the issue of the Provision of Non-Material Dowry in Islamic Law, which in this case was conducted an intensive study in the opinion of the four schools of thought. This study was conducted using a qualitative-library approach by referring to the fiqh literature of each school, which was then analyzed descriptively. The results of this study indicate that the provision of non-material dowries according to the Imam madhhab can be detailed as follows: 1) Abu Hanifah, did not allow it, but from him it was obligatory for a mitsil dowry, 2) Malik, the law initially did not allow it, 3). Imam Shafi'i and Ahmad bin Hanbal allow it.Kajian ini dilakukan untuk mendiskusikan persoalan Pemberian Mahar Non Materi dalam Hukum Islam, yang dalam hal ini dilakukan kajian secara intensif dalam pendapat empat mazhab. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan kualitatif-kepustakaan dengan merujuk pada literature Fikih masing-masing mazhab, yang kemudian dilakukan analisis secara deskriptif. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mahar non materi menurut  Imam  madzhab dapat dirincikan sebagai berikut: 1)Abu Hanifah, tidak membolehkan, namun darinya wajib mahar mitsil, 2) Malik, hukum awalnya tidak membolehkan, 3). Imam Syafi’i  dan Ahmad bin Hanbal membolehkan
Entre las casas de comercio y el hipódromo: las carreras de caballo en Paysandú (Uruguay) en las primeras décadas del siglo XX
Authors: Amgarten Quitzau Evelise , Moraes e Silva Marcelo
Published: July 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es comprender el lugar de las carreras de caballos en la ciudad de Paysandú en las primeras décadas del siglo XX, que constituyen parte del llamado período de modernización del Uruguay. En esta ciudad, cuya economía era impulsada por la ganadería y por los intercambios comerciales generados a partir de su puerto –el segundo de mayor movimiento del país en el período–, las carreras de caballos representaron una de las principales formas de divertimento de la población en las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Intensamente vinculadas a los grandes productores ganaderos, las carreras de caballos se realizaban simultáneamente en dos espacios: las casas de comercio y el hipódromo de la ciudad, construido en fines del siglo XIX. A partir de las fuentes, se puede percibir que, inicialmente, las casas de comercio no representaron una competencia directa a las actividades realizadas en el hipódromo, incluso atrayendo a los mismos dueños de caballos que participaban de la comisión directiva de dicha asociación. A su vez, se puede percibir una reducción en la vida social relacionada al hipódromo entre los años 1905 y 1907, cuando comienza un esfuerzo para restablecer las actividades y transformarlo en el principal centro de los encuentros ecuestres de la ciudad, adoptando una organización más próxima de las formas deportivizadas y demandando la exclusividad en la realización de las carreras de caballos.
Sobre Historia y Justicia. Cultura, política y sociedad en el Rio de la Plata (Siglos XVI-XIX). Buenos Aires: Prometeo Libros, 2019
Authors: Brangier Víctor
Published: July 2022

En las siguientes páginas expongo una síntesis analítica del libro Historia y Justicia, de autoría del Dr. Darío Barriera, publicado por Editorial Prometeo el año 2019. Como esta contribución se incluye en la sección de Debates del Boletín del Instituto de Historia Argentina y Americana “Dr. Emilio Ravignani”, tras la síntesis se abren dos arcos de preguntas al autor que giran en torno al problema histórico del acceso social a la justicia, con ánimo de abrir un diálogo sobre aspectos ligados directamente con el contenido de la obra. Finalmente, ofrezco una evaluación general del trabajo pensando en el público lector del Boletín interesado en el binomio historia y justicia.