bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Complementary and Alternative Medicines Used by Individuals With Rheumatological Diseases to Cope With Sleeplessness
Authors: Tuna Halil Ibrahim , Hakbilen Selda , Yilmaz Sema
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine complementary and alternative medicine methods used by rheumatology patients to cope with insomnia and to evaluate their attitudes toward complementary and alternative medicine methods. This descriptive study was completed with 167 patients followed up by the rheumatology unit of a university hospital. Data were collected with the patient identification form and the Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire. The mean age of the participants was 44.76 ± 8.96 years and the mean disease duration was 52.90 ± 35.51 months. Most of the participants (69.5%) were women, with 64.1% primary school graduates. Majority of the participants (96.4%) knew complementary and alternative medicine methods, and the main source of information (51.5%) was the internet and social media. The most frequently applied method was phytotherapy (58.7%), the most frequently used plant (30.5%) was stinging nettle and the mean Holistic Complementary and Alternative Medicine Questionnaire score of the patients was 26.68 ± 3.51. Rheumatology patients frequently use complementary and alternative medicine methods to cope with insomnia symptoms and the most commonly used complementary and alternative medicine method used by patients is phytotherapy.
Diagnosis and Clinical Management of Acute Severe Hepatitis of Unknown Origin: Operational Recommendation of Peking Union Medical College Hospital
Authors: Cao Wei , Li Zhenghong , Zhu Huadong , Zhou Xiang , Yang Qiwen , Han Yang , Liu Jihai , Chang Qing , Li Taisheng
Published: June 2022

Around 450 cases of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in children have been reported in 21 countries and region globally since April 2022, which has exceeded the past annual incidences of related regions, and has aroused wide concern. Affected patients were predominantly children under 16 years of age, presented with symptoms of acute hepatitis with markedly elevated liver enzymes, and had been ruled out of common viral infections such as hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Similar cases have not been reported in China yet. However, considering that the severe acute hepatitis has involved worldwide areas, still with unknown origin, and incidences of severity is relatively high, we formulated this recommendation to standardize diagnosis and treatment of acute severe hepatitis of unknown origin in Peking Union Medical College Hospital, to get fully prepared to the possible public health events.
Atypical PIK3CA Positive Hemangioma Refractory to Propranolol
Authors: Blades Caitlin M. , Mason Aaron C. , Kulungowski Ann M. , Annam Aparna , Duis Jessica , Bruckner Anna L. , Siegele Bradford J. , Hill Lauren R. S. , Nakano Taizo A.
Published: June 2022

A newborn presented with a lateral right eye proliferating vascular tumor, with characteristics consistent with infantile hemangioma by examination and imaging. The lesion was refractory to therapeutic dosing of oral propranolol, with worsening mass effect in the upper eyelid threatening hemianopsia. A near total surgical resection was completed. Histologic findings were mostly consistent with infantile hemangioma with some atypical areas of larger serpiginous, ectatic vessels identified. Immunostaining demonstrated strong CD34+, CD31+, and glucose transporter type 1 immunoreactivity and D2-40 immuno-negativity. Genetic sequencing revealed a pathogenic somatic PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha) variant (p.His1047Gln) at 8.3% allele frequency. Despite continued postoperative propranolol therapy, the lesion produced new mass effect over the right cheek. Alternative therapy with the mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitor, sirolimus, was initiated based on the novel genetic finding and lack of clinical response to standard therapy. The case demonstrates mosaic PIK3CA variant expression within a benign vascular tumor histologically and clinically sharing features of an infantile hemangioma.
Exploring Hospice Nurses' Viewpoints on End-of-Life Practices and Assisted Dying
Authors: Woods Martin , Rook Helen
Published: June 2022

This qualitative study explores the viewpoints of hospice nurses about end-of-life issues and proposed legislation that would allow assisted dying/euthanasia to be performed in New Zealand. The study uses data that were obtained from in-depth interviews with 15 experienced Palliative Care Nurses who were all working at various hospices around New Zealand. A thematic analysis process was used to develop a thematic framework, and the results indicated that there were at least 3 main themes supported by a number of related subthemes. These main themes were as follows: (a) personal values converge with professional ones when hospice nurses are asked to offer their viewpoints, (b) common end-of-life practices are not regarded by hospice nurses as acts of euthanasia, and (c) hospice nurses are greatly concerned about the effects of a euthanasia law on their profession and its relationships with the public. Our findings reveal that the hospice nurses in New Zealand largely hold negative viewpoints about the introduction of legalized assisted dying practices, arguing that such changes will present major challenges to their perceived role within their profession and within society. These findings suggest that this research should have a considerable primary impact among hospice and palliative care nurses in other nations.
Malnutrition as a Risk Factor for Post-Operative Morbidity in Gynecologic Cancer: Analysis Using a National Surgical Outcomes Database
Authors: Goins Emily C. , Weber Jeremy M. , Truong Tracy , Moss Haley A. , Previs Rebecca A. , Davidson Brittany A. , Havrilesky Laura J.
Published: June 2022

(Abstracted from Gynecol Oncol 2022;165:309–316)

Nutritional status has been shown to independently predict postoperative morbidity and mortality among patients undergoing surgery for cancer, including gynecologic cancer. Many definitions of malnutrition have been proposed, including the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism (ESPEN) definition as a combination of 2 factors: body mass index (BMI) 18.5–20 if age <70 years or BMI 18.5–22 if age >70 years, as well as unintended weight loss of >10% over any period of >5% over 3 months (ESPEN 1).
Novel digital continuous sensor for monitoring of compartment pressure: a case report
Authors: Montreuil Julien , Corban Jason , Reindl Rudolf , Harvey Edward J. , Bernstein Mitchell
Published: June 2022

Case:

The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons has recently identified continuous intracompartmental pressure monitoring as 1 of the few means to assist in ruling out acute compartment syndrome (ACS). There are very few methods that allow this measurement. This manuscript describes the use of a new digital monitoring system for ACS in 3 patients. This minimally invasive device, the MY01 (NXTSENS, Montreal, Canada) is capable of continuously and precisely measuring variations in intracompartmental pressure.

Conclusion:

MY01 detected the occurrence of ACS at early-stage and expedited the timing of surgery for 2 patients. This tool also objectively excluded a suspected diagnosis of ACS in a medically comorbid patient, obviating the need for unnecessary fasciotomies and potential complications.
Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations: Virtual Stroke Rehabilitation Consensus Statement 2022
Authors: Salbach Nancy M. , Mountain Anita , Lindsay M. Patrice , Blacquiere Dylan , McGuff Rebecca , Foley Norine , Corriveau Hélène , Fung Joyce , Gierman Natalie , Inness Elizabeth , Linkewich Elizabeth , O’Connell Colleen , Sakakibara Brodie , Smith Eric E. , Tang Ada , Timpson Debbie , Vallentin Tina , White Katie , Yao Jennifer
Published: June 2022

The 7th edition of the Canadian Stroke Best Practice Recommendations (CSBPR) for Rehabilitation and Recovery following Stroke includes a new section devoted to the provision of virtual stroke rehabilitation. This consensus statement utilizes GRADE methodology and AGREE II principles. A literature search was conducted using PUBMED, EMBASE and COCHRANE databases. An expert writing group reviewed all evidence and developed recommendations, as well as consensus-based clinical considerations where evidence was insufficient for a recommendation. All recommendations underwent internal and external review. These recommendations apply to hospital, ambulatory care and community-based settings where virtual stroke rehabilitation is provided. This guidance is relevant to health professionals, people living with stroke, healthcare administrators and funders. Recommendations address issues of access, eligibility, consent and privacy, technology and planning, training and competency (for healthcare providers, patients and their families), assessment, service delivery and evaluation. Virtual stroke rehabilitation has been shown to safely and effectively increase access to rehabilitation therapies and care providers and uptake of these recommendations should be a priority in rehabilitation settings. They are key drivers of access to high-quality evidence-based stroke care regardless of geographical location and personal circumstances in Canada.
Awareness and uptake of the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe HIV prevention package over time among population-based cohorts of young women in Kenya and South Africa
Authors: Gourlay Annabelle J. , Birdthistle Isolde , Mulwa Sarah , Mthiyane Nondumiso T. , Magut Faith , Chimbindi Natsayi , Ziraba Abdhalah , Otieno Moses , Kwaro Daniel , Osindo Jane , Kamire Vivienne , Shahmanesh Maryam , Floyd Sian
Published: June 2022

Objectives:

To evaluate uptake of a complex intervention for HIV prevention among general populations of adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in three diverse settings.

Design:

Cohorts of ∼1500 AGYW were randomly selected from demographic platforms in Kenya (Nairobi and Siaya) and South Africa (uMkhanyakude, KwaZulu-Natal).

Methods:

AGYW aged 13/15–22 years were enrolled in 2017 (Nairobi and uMkha-nyakude) or 2018 (Siaya), with annual follow-up to 2019. We describe awareness of DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored and Safe), self-reported invitation to participate, and uptake of DREAMS interventions by: categories and levels of the PEPFAR core package;number of ‘primary’ interventions (seven in Kenya;five in South Africa). Analyses were stratified by year invited and age at cohort enrolment.

Results:

Proportions aware and invited to DREAMS increased across all settings, to ≥ 83% aware and ≥ 53% invited by 2018 (highest among AGYW aged 13–17 years, e.g. 63 vs. 40% among 18–22 s, uMkhanyakude). HIV testing, school-based interventions and social protection were the most accessed categories, while differences in uptake by DREAMS invitation were greatest for novel DREAMS interventions, for example, social asset building (76% among those invited in 2017 and 2018 vs. 9% among those never-invited in Nairobi). Although few DREAMS invitees accessed all intended primary interventions by 2019 (2% of 15–17 s and 5% of 18–22 s in Gem), many accessed at least three interventions, including combinations across individual, family and community levels.

Conclusion:

Over time, DREAMS reached high proportions of AGYW in all settings, particularly younger AGYW. Participation in combinations of interventions improved but uptake of the complete primary packages remained low.
The evolution of DREAMS: using data for continuous program improvement
Authors: Saul Janet , Toiv Nora , Cooney Caroline , Beamon Ta’Adhmeeka , Borgman Mary , Bachman Gretchen , Akom Eniko , Benevides Regina , Limb Annaliese , Sato Kimi , Achrekar Angeli , Birx Deborah
Published: June 2022

The DREAMS (Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-Free, Mentored, and Safe) Partnership, a public-private partnership launched by the United States President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR), represents the largest investment in comprehensive HIV prevention for adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) ever made in a single global initiative. This paper describes the evolution of programming over time using the triangulation of multiple data sources to develop and refine an impactful program, as well as to improve efficacy and resource investment. Methods of analysis used to evolve this programming include reviews of literature on behavioral, biomedical and structural interventions, and HIV vulnerability; PEPFAR program data; external implementation science and impact studies;observations from site visits; in-depth reviews of program materials; and inputs from AGYW and other stakeholders. Key program improvements made in response to this real-time data use are described, including the rationale for programmatic changes and the evidence base for continual program refinements. This review emphasizes the importance and process of implementing the most effective combination of structural and biomedical HIV prevention programming, based on the best available science, while also adapting to local context in a way that does not compromise effectiveness or violate core implementation principles. Data from research and evaluation are critical to move the HIV prevention field toward more impactful and efficient programming responsive to the lived realities of AGYW. A central tenant to using these data sources effectively is the inclusion of AGYW in decision-making throughout the planning and implementation of programming.
Effects of men's lifetime adverse events experience on violence, HIV risk, and wellbeing: insights from three countries
Authors: Pulerwitz Julie , McClair Tracy , Gottert Ann , Shabangu Patrick , Cawood Cherie , Chipeta Effie , Mathur Sanyukta
Published: June 2022

Objective:

To assess men's experiences of adverse events in both child and adulthood and their effects on violence, HIV risk, and well being in three sub-Saharan countries.

Design:

We conducted cross-sectional surveys from 2017 to 2018 with men (all 18+) recruited via the PLACE methodology at community hotspots and HIV service sites in Eswatini (n = 1091), South Africa (n = 932), and Malawi (n = 611).

Methods:

Prevalence of men's adverse events in childhood (e.g. beaten at home often) and adulthood (e.g. robbed at gunpoint) was described. We examined associations between cumulative effects of these events on health outcomes, via log binomial regression.

Results:

About 70% of men in each country experienced adverse events in childhood, while adult experience varied from 47 to 64%. There was a dose–response effect of cumulative exposure. Among men with 0, 1–2, and 3+ traumas, for example, 22, 35, and 52% reported depression/anxiety in Malawi, and 8, 17, and 27% perpetrated intimate partner violence (IPV) in South Africa. In multivariate analyses, experiencing at least one event in both childhood and adulthood (vs. neither) was significantly associated with various health outcomes (e.g. multiple sexual partnerships: adjusted risk ratio or aRR = 2.40 in Malawi; IPV perpetration: aRR = 3.59 in South Africa; depression/anxiety: aRR = 1.37 in Eswatini).

Conclusion:

Men who experienced adverse events in childhood or adulthood faced increased HIV risk/negative health outcomes. More events were associated with worse outcomes. Interventions for men addressing trauma in both childhood and adulthood are essential for their (and their partners’) health and well being.
Evaluating the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe programme, what's worked and what more needs to be done?
Authors: Mullick Saiqa , Cowan Frances M.
Published: June 2022

This paper is a commentary framing a series of papers on the evaluation of several aspects of the Determined, Resilient, Empowered, AIDS-free, Mentored, and Safe (DREAMS) programme. The paper highlights the scope and challenges with evaluating a large, complex and ambitious programme like DREAMS.
Play Ball: A 10-Year Comparative Analysis of Craniofacial Safety in Baseball and Softball
Authors: Riccio Charles A. , Balaji Navin , Pierrot Randall , Wolfe Erin , Slavin Benjamin R. , Kaplan Nate , Kaplan Lee , Thaller Seth R.
Published: June 2022

Introduction:

Within the United States, the number of players participating in baseball increased by nearly 21% to 15.9 million between 2014 and 2019. Additionally, batting helmets with face-masks are encouraged yet optional in youth baseball as well as college baseball and softball. in light of inconsistencies in safety equipment enforcement and usage, this study aims to perform a comparative analysis of the number and frequency of baseball and softball-related craniofacial injuries (CFis).

Methods:

Data regarding baseball and softball-related injuries were gathered from the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System database from 2011 to 2020. Craniofacial injuries were isolated and organized into 5-year age groups beginning with 5 to 9 years and ending with 25 to 29 years of age. Data was further stratified by location and type of injury. Injury types specifically reported in this study included concussion, contusion, fracture, and laceration.

Results:

Distribution of injuries across age groups differed significantly between baseball and softball (P< 0.001). When comparing the 10 to 14 year old group to the 15 to 19 year old group, we found that concussions and head contusions comprise a significantly greater proportion of all injuries in softball than in baseball. Conversely, facial fractures, facial lacerations, and mouth lacerations comprise a significantly greater proportion ofinjuries in baseball than in softball.

Conclusion:

Future prospective studies aiming to better characterize the within-game nature of these reported CFIs would certainly be beneficial in guiding the baseball and softball communities toward consideration of implementing maximally efficacious updates to current safety equipment standards.
Technical Skills to Split Teeth During Extraction of Mesiodentes in High Site
Authors: Yang Yong , Du Jinjin , Cui Lina , Ying Binbin
Published: June 2022

Purpose:

Extraction of mesiodens in high site is complicated. Here we introduce some technical skills to simply the process and achieve high success rate meanwhile.

Methods:

All patients should accept radiographic examination before surgery. According to the position of mesiodens based on cone-beam computed tomography, we choose the appropriate method and tool.

Results:

A series of cases have proved that these skills are applicable and convenient.

Conclusions:

Dentists should analyze the inspection results seriously and select the optimal strategy to extract mesiodens in high site.
Pericardial and pulmonary actinomycosis, simulating inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor: the role of surgery
Authors: Chaudhry Ikram ul H. , M. AlFraih Othman , A. AlAbdulhai Meenal , A.L. Qahtani Yousif , Al Maimon Hisham , Tariq Khan Mohammad , Ihsan Esha , Alghamdi Abdullah M.
Published: June 2022

Background:

Pericardial and pulmonary actinomycosis is a rare disease that remains undiagnosed during life due to a lack of clinical manifestations and a low positive culture rate. Actinomycosis can involve any part of the body. Thoracic actinomycosis is the second most common site after the cervicofacial. Patients with pulmonary actinomycosis usually present with a history of chest pain, cough, fever, shortness of breath on exertion, and sometimes massive hemoptysis. Pericardial involvement has been reported in the medical literature. It is written in line with process case series criteria.

Method:

From 2008 to 2021, 8 patients, 6 men, and 2 women (mean age 59 y) underwent surgical resection for thoracic lesion initially diagnosed as myofibroblastic tumor on true cut biopsy, but the final histopathologic report revealed actinomycosis. We reviewed preoperative clinical manifestations. Computed tomographic (CT) findings, preoperative true-cut biopsy report, surgical indications, and outcomes.

Results:

Five patients (62.5%) had poor oral hygiene; 2 patients (25%) had sinusitis, and 1 patient had bronchiectasis (12.5%). Seven patients were symptomatic (87.5%), with hemoptysis, shortness of breath, and weakness. One patient, 12.5%, presented with chest wall mass, chest pain, and fever. The basis of the imaging study (CT thorax). Six patients (87.5%) had CT guided biopsy that revealed a myofibroblastic tumor. In 2 patients (25%), CT scans showed the mass was close to the heart, so a biopsy was not done. We panned a surgical procedure based on the history of hemoptysis and a true cut-biopsy report. Four patients (50%) had a lobectomy, 2 patients (25%) had pericardial resection with a wedge of lung tissues, and 1 patient had chest wall resection enblock with right upper lobectomy.

Conclusion:

In patients with radiographic findings of pulmonary neoplasm and initial true cut biopsy report showing myofibroblastic tumor, surgery is mandatory. The final histopathology report showed actinomycoses. If the preoperative histopathologic diagnosis is available, then surgery has no role. The ideal treatment is the administration of systemic penicillin therapy. All our patients postoperatively received systemic antimicrobial therapy; they fully recovered and resumed back to everyday life.
Daniel Douglas Eley. 1 October 1914—3 September 2015
Authors: Hey Michael J. , Hirst Jonathan D. , Poliakoff Martyn
Published: June 2022

Professor Daniel Douglas Eley OBE FRS FRSC was an exceptional physical chemist who worked on many fundamental problems. Dan's work pushed the boundaries of our understanding of chemistry across the whole discipline and into biology and physics. Dan was born near Liverpool in 1914. He studied at the University of Manchester during the 1930s, obtaining a PhD in 1937 with Hungarian–British polymath, Michael Polanyi (FRS 1944). Dan and his research group were the first to demonstrate that organic compounds can act as semiconductors, a scientific breakthrough that eventually led to the colour displays on many of the latest smartphones. In 1954, Dan was appointed as the first professor of physical chemistry at the University of Nottingham. His work on DNA led to him showing for the first time that molecules of DNA could conduct electricity, a discovery that underpins a whole area of present day biophysical research. Another of his interests was the conversion ofortho-hydrogen andpara-hydrogen, an effect that is now exploited to enhance signal-to-noise in nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Perhaps, more than anything, Dan's name is forever linked with that of the supervisor of Dan's second PhD, Eric Rideal FRS, in the Eley–Rideal mechanism for hydrogenation on heterogeneous catalysts.
Walking with increasing acceleration is achieved by tuning ankle torque onset timing and rate of torque development
Authors: Wade Logan , Birch Jonathon , Farris Dominic James
Published: June 2022

Understanding the mechanics of torque production about the ankle during accelerative gait is key to designing effective clinical and rehabilitation practices, along with developing functional robotics and wearable assistive technologies. We aimed to explore how torque and work about the ankle is produced as walking acceleration increases from 0 to 100% maximal acceleration. We hypothesized that as acceleration increased, greater work about the ankle would not be solely due to ramping up plantar flexor torque, and instead would be a product of adjustments to relative timing of ankle torque and angular displacement. Fifteen healthy participants performed walking without acceleration (constant speed), as well as low, moderate and maximal accelerations, while motion capture and ground reaction force data were recorded. We employed vector coding in a novel application to overcome limitations of previously employed evaluation methods. As walking acceleration increased, there was reduced negative work and increased positive work about the ankle. Furthermore, early stance dorsiflexion had reducing plantar flexor torque due to delayed plantar flexor torque onset as acceleration increased, while mid-stance ankle plantar flexor torque was substantially increased with minimal ankle dorsiflexion, irrespective of acceleration magnitude. Assistive devices need to account for these changes during accelerative walking to facilitate functional gait.
Developing and maintaining a nose-to-brain map of odorant identity
Authors: Dorrego-Rivas Ana , Grubb Matthew S.
Published: June 2022

Olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) in the olfactory epithelium of the nose transduce chemical odorant stimuli into electrical signals. These signals are then sent to the OSNs' target structure in the brain, the main olfactory bulb (OB), which performs the initial stages of sensory processing in olfaction. The projection of OSNs to the OB is highly organized in a chemospatial map, whereby axon terminals from OSNs expressing the same odorant receptor (OR) coalesce into individual spherical structures known as glomeruli. This nose-to-brain map of odorant identity is built from late embryonic development to early postnatal life, through a complex combination of genetically encoded, OR-dependent and activity-dependent mechanisms. It must then be actively maintained throughout adulthood as OSNs experience turnover due to external insult and ongoing neurogenesis. Our review describes and discusses these two distinct and crucial processes in olfaction, focusing on the known mechanisms that first establish and then maintain chemospatial order in the mammalian OSN-to-OB projection.
Estimating the effect of non-pharmaceutical interventions on US SARS-CoV-2 infections in the first year of the pandemic
Authors: Duncan N. A. , L'Her G. F. , Osborne A. G. , Sawyer S. L. , Deinert M. R.
Published: June 2022

SARS-CoV-2 emerged in late 2019 as a zoonotic infection of humans, and proceeded to cause a worldwide pandemic of historic magnitude. Here, we use a simple epidemiological model and consider the full range of initial estimates from published studies for infection and recovery rates, seasonality, changes in mobility, the effectiveness of masks and the fraction of people wearing them. Monte Carlo simulations are used to simulate the progression of possible pandemics and we show a match for the real progression of the pandemic during 2020 with an
R
2
of 0.91. The results show that the combination of masks and changes in mobility avoided approximately 248.3 million (
σ
= 31.2 million) infections in the US before vaccinations became available.
Early social environment affects attention to social cues in juvenile common ravens,
Corvus corax
Authors: Gallego-Abenza Mario , Boucherie Palmyre H. , Bugnyar Thomas
Published: June 2022

Social competence, i.e. defined as the ability to adjust the expression of social behaviour to the available social information, is known to be influenced by early-life conditions. Brood size might be one of the factors determining such early conditions, particularly in species with extended parental care. We here tested in ravens whether growing up in families of different sizes affects the chicks' responsiveness to social information. We experimentally manipulated the brood size of 13 captive raven families, creating either small or large families. Simulating dispersal, juveniles were separated from their parents and temporarily housed in one of two captive non-breeder groups. After five weeks of socialization, each raven was individually tested in a playback setting with food-associated calls from three social categories: sibling, familiar unrelated raven they were housed with, and unfamiliar unrelated raven from the other non-breeder aviary. We found that individuals reared in small families were more attentive than birds from large families, in particular towards the familiar unrelated peer. These results indicate that variation in family size during upbringing can affect how juvenile ravens value social information. Whether the observed attention patterns translate into behavioural preferences under daily life conditions remains to be tested in future studies.
Timing and dynamics of Late Wolstonian Substage ‘Moreton Stadial’ (MIS 6) glaciation in the English West Midlands, UK
Authors: Gibson Sebastian M. , Bateman Mark D. , Murton Julian B. , Barrows Timothy T. , Fifield L. Keith , Gibbard Philip L.
Published: June 2022

Glaciation during the late Middle Pleistocene is widely recognized across continental northwest Europe, but its extent and palaeoenvironmental significance in the British Isles are disputed. Although glaciogenic sediments at Wolston, Warwickshire, in the English West Midlands, have been used to define the stratotype of the Wolstonian Stage, their age has been variably assigned between marine isotope stages (MIS) 12 and 6. Here we present sedimentological and stratigraphical observations from five sites across the English West Midlands whose chronology is constrained by new luminescence ages from glaciofluvial sediments, supplemented by cosmogenic36Cl exposure dating of erratic boulders. The ages suggest that between 199 ± 5 and 147 ± 2.5 ka the British Ice Sheet advanced into the English West Midlands as far south as Moreton-in-Marsh, Gloucestershire. This advance is assigned to the Moreton Stadial of the Late Wolstonian Substage. Dating of the glaciation to this substage allows correlation of the Moreton Stadial glacial deposits in the English West Midlands with those of the Drenthe Stadial during the Late Saalian Substage across continental northwest Europe.
The challenge of sixfold integrals: the closed-form evaluation of Newton potentials between two cubes
Authors: Bornemann Folkmar
Published: June 2022

The challenge of explicitly evaluating, in elementary closed form, the weakly singular sixfold integrals for potentials and forces between two cubes has been taken up at various places in the mathematics and physics literature. It created some strikingly specific results, with an aura of arbitrariness, and a single intricate general procedure due to Hackbusch. Those scattered instances were mostly addressing the problem head-on by successive integration, while keeping track of a thicket of primitives generated at intermediate stages. In this paper, we present a substantially easier and shorter approach, based on a Laplace transform of the kernel. We clearly exhibit the structure of the results as obtained by an explicit algorithm, just computing with rational polynomials. The method extends, up to the evaluation of single integrals, to higher dimensions. Among other examples, we easily reproduce Fornberg’s startling closed-form solution of Trefethen’s two-cubes problem and Waldvogel’s symmetric formula for the Newton potential of a rectangular cuboid.
Whole-exome sequencing in 415,422 individuals identifies rare variants associated with mitochondrial DNA copy number
Authors: Pillalamarri Vamsee , Shi Wen , Say Conrad , Yang Stephanie , Lane John , Guallar Eliseo , Pankratz Nathan , Arking Dan E.
Published: June 2022

Inter-individual variation in the number of copies of the mitochondrial genome, termed mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA-CN), reflects mitochondrial function and has been associated with various aging-related diseases. We examined 415,422 exomes of self-reported White ancestry individuals from the UK Biobank and tested the impact of rare variants, both at the level of single variants and through aggregate variant-set tests, on mtDNA-CN. A survey across nine variant sets tested enrichment of putatively causal variants and identified 14 genes at experiment-wide significance and three genes at marginal significance. These included associations at known mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome genes (mtDNA helicase TWNK, p=5.7×10−29; mitochondrial transcription factor TFAM, p=4.3×10−13; mtDNA maintenance exonuclease MGME1, p=1.3×10−6) and the V617F dominant gain-of-function mutation in the tyrosine kinase JAK2 (p=7.1×10−17) associated with myeloproliferative disease. Novel genes included the ATP-dependent protease CLPX (p=9.9×10−9) involved with mitochondrial proteome quality and the mitochondrial adenylate kinase AK2 (p=5.3×10−8) involved with hematopoiesis. The most significant association was a missense variant in SAMHD1 (p=4.2×10−28), found on a rare, 1.2 Mb shared ancestral haplotype on chromosome 20. SAMHD1 encodes a cytoplasmic host restriction factor involved with viral defense response and the mitochondrial nucleotide salvage pathway, and is associated with Aicardi-Goutières syndrome 5, a childhood encephalopathy and chronic inflammatory response disorder. Rare variants were enriched in Mendelian mtDNA depletion syndrome loci, and these variants further implicated core processes in mtDNA replication, nucleoid structure formation, and maintenance. Together, these data indicate strong-effect mutations from the nuclear genome contribute to the genetic architecture of mtDNA-CN.
Subjective Audibility Modulates the Susceptibility to Sound-Induced Flash Illusion
Authors: Ito Yuki , Matsumoto Hanaka , Kobayasi Kohta I.
Published: June 2022

When a brief flash is presented along with two brief sounds, the single flash is often perceived as two flashes. This phenomenon is called a sound-induced flash illusion, in which the auditory sense, with its relatively higher reliability in providing temporal information, modifies the visual perception. Decline of audibility due to hearing impairment is known to make subjects less susceptible to the flash illusion. However, the effect of decline of audibility on susceptibility to the illusion has not been directly investigated in subjects with normal hearing. The present study investigates the relationship between audibility and susceptibility to the illusion by varying the sound pressure level of the stimulus. In the task for reporting the number of auditory stimuli, the lowering of the sound pressure level caused the rate of perceiving two sounds to decrease on account of forward masking. The occurrence of the illusory flash was reduced as the intensity of the second auditory stimuli decreased, and was significantly correlated with the rate of perceiving the two auditory stimuli. These results suggest that the susceptibility to sound-induced flash illusion depends on the subjective audibility of each sound.
Damage of Major South American Lepidopteran Soybean Pests
Authors: Carpane Pablo Daniel , Llebaria Matías , Nascimento Ana Flavia , Vivan Lucía
Published: June 2022

Lepidopteran pests are major factors limiting soybean productivity in South America. In some cases, the control of these species requires the use of foliar insecticides. For a sustainable use of these insecticides, they should be sprayed when insect population sizes reach an economic threshold. Since this estimation requires to determine the consumption of different species, this work aimed to integrate all the main factors, studying the consumption of small-and medium-size larvae of major lepidopteran pests to vegetative and reproductive tissues on Bt and non-Bt soybeans. The damage to vegetative tissues was tested in detached-leaf assays in grow chambers, and to reproductive structures was measured in greenhouse with infestation at early (flowering) and mid reproductive (mid grain filling) stages. Based on the feeding behavior of the species tested, they were cast in four groups: a) A. gemmatalis and C. includens, defoliating only the RR variety with the lowest consumption of foliar area; b) S. eridania, defoliating both RR and IPRO varieties, consuming twice than the species mentioned above; c) H. armigera, defoliating and being the most damaging species to pods in the RR variety; d) S. cosmioides and S. frugiperda, defoliating and damaging pods in both varieties. The species differed in their ability to feed on IPRO varieties, so a different economic threshould could be considered. This clasification contributes to a recommendation of insecticide use sustainable, taking into account the behavior of these species that are major soybeans pests in South America.
Reinstatement of emotional associations during human sleep: an intracranial EEG study
Authors: Legendre Guillaume , Bayer Laurence , Seeck Margitta , Spinelli Laurent , Schwartz Sophie , Sterpenich Virginie
Published: June 2022

The scientific literature suggests that emotional memories benefit from a privileged consolidation over neutral memories. This effect extends to consolidation processes that occur during sleep. Indeed, during sleep, a complex set of oscillations (namely slow-oscillations, theta rhythm and spindles) mediates the communication between brain regions involved in the long-term integration of memories. However, whether sleep oscillations may contribute to the reactivation and consolidation of emotional memories in humans is still unclear. Because non-invasive electroencephalography (EEG) has limited access to deep brain regions implicated in memory and emotion (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex), here we recorded EEG signal from these brain regions using intracranial electrodes placed in medically-resistant epileptic patients in the context of presurgical investigation. During wakefulness, we presented the patients with emotional (i.e., humorous) vs emotionally neutral pictures paired with a sound. Then, we tested for the reinstatement of emotional-associations by delivering the sound during a subsequent period of sleep. We found that the reactivation of emotional (compared to neutral) memories during sleep enhanced slow-oscillation and spindle activity in the orbitofrontal cortex, paralleled with an increase in theta connectivity between the hippocampus and the orbitofrontal cortex.

In addition, we observed that the theta response to emotional memories reactivated at subsequent wake was different than for neutral memories, suggesting a change in memory traces with targeted memory reactivation. These data suggest that consolidation of emotional events during sleep is due to a larger expression of sleep features (in the slow-oscillation, theta and sigma frequency bands) and that the mechanisms of brain plasticity also take place in emotional brain regions during NREM sleep.
Dynamic tracking of objects in the macaque dorsomedial frontal cortex
Authors: Rajalingham Rishi , Sohn Hansem , Jazayeri Mehrdad
Published: June 2022

Cognitive neuroscience posits that humans perform physical inferences using mental simulations. Here, we test this hypothesis by analyzing neural activity in the monkeys’ frontal cortex in a ball interception task. We find a low-dimensional neural embedding of the ball position that tracks the ball both when it is visible and invisible. This embedding may serve as a neural substrate for mental simulation.
Spatial replication can best advance our understanding of population responses to climate
Authors: Compagnoni Aldo , Evers Sanne , Knight Tiffany
Published: June 2022

Understanding the responses of plant populations dynamics to climatic variability is frustrated by the need for long-term datasets. Here, we advocate for new studies that estimate the effects of climate by sampling replicate populations in locations with similar climate. We first use data analysis on spatial locations in the conterminous USA to assess how far apart spatial replicates should be from each other to minimize temporal correlations in climate. We find that on average spatial locations separated by 316 Km (SD = 149Km) have moderate (0.5) correlations in annual precipitation. Second, we use simulations to demonstrate that spatial replication can lead to substantial gains in the range of climates sampled during a given set of years so long as the climate correlations between the populations are at low to moderate levels. Third, we use simulations to quantify how many spatial replicates would be necessary to achieve the same statistical power of a single-population, long-term data set under different strengths and directions of spatial correlations in climate between spatial replicates. Our results indicate that spatial replication is an untapped opportunity to study the effects of climate on demography and to rapidly fill important knowledge gaps in the field of population ecology.
Selection Of Theaflavin 2B As a Potential HSP90 Antagonist Semi-rigid Ligand Docking Analysis
Authors: Akinsehinwa Samuel , Medayedupin Oluwatobi
Published: June 2022

Heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) is an abundant molecular chaperone playing critical role as mediator of proper folding, maturation and stability of diverse client cellular proteins and has been reported to be overexpressed at a level of 2-10 folds relative to 1-2 folds of healthy cells. Geldanamycin and its derivatives (17AAG and 17 DMAG) has been developed to combat this but are known to be associated with primary side effects including plague, nausea, vomit, liver toxicity, hence the need to discover a relative safe and more potent inhibitor.

The aim of this study is to determine the inhibitory potential of the Theaflavin 2B, a furanocoumarin derivative, which has been documented to have anti-tumour activity against human prostate carcinoma DU145 cells via computational techniques. To this effect, theaflavin 2B was retrieved from PubChem database, and screened against HSP90 for its inhibitory effect, which resulted in relatively higher binding affinity of -9.2Kcal/mol relative to that of the standard (−6.4 Kcal/mol). Computational docking analysis were performed using PyRx, AutoDock Vina option based on scoring functions and the target was validated so as to ensure that the right target and appropriate docking protocol was followed for this analysis.

The docking studies of Theaflavin 2B with HSP90 showed that this ligand is a druggable molecule which docks well with HSP90 target. Therefore, theaflavin 2B molecule is a very good candidate for inhibiting HSP90 and presented it as good candidate for further evaluation as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer therapy.
Cardiac performance and heat shock response variation related to shell colour morphs in the mudflat snail Batillaria attramentaria
Authors: Han Guodong , Du Yinghui , Du Lina , Qu Furui , Zhao Zhenjun
Published: June 2022

Physiological and transcriptomic response to thermal stress were investigated in the mudflat snail Batillaria attramentaria of different shell colour morphs. Despite no difference in upper lethal temperatures among shell colour morphs, their Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures (ABT) for cardiac thermal performance differed significantly, and the ABT of snails with D type morph was higher than snails with UL type morph. The transcriptomic analysis showed that D type snails exhibit higher levels of four HSPs than UL type snails at control temperature. Unfolded protein response was activated in UL type snails but not in D type snails under moderate thermal stress. And there were 11 HSPs increased in UL type snails in contrast to 1 HSP in D type snails, suggesting a “preparative defense” strategy of heat shock response in D type snails under moderate thermal stress. When exposed to sublethal temperature, eight molecular chaperones were uniquely upregulated in D type snails, suggesting these genes may allow for D type snails improved their cardiac thermal tolerance. The “preparative defense” strategies and higher ABT of cardiac thermal performance may adapt the dark shell snails to the rapid and stronger thermal stress in the field. Our results suggested that physiological selection imposed by moderate and sublethal thermal stress, instead of upper lethal limits, may be a driving force shaping shell colour frequency in the mudflat snail B. attramentaria.
Simultaneous Multisheet Multichannel Imaging Cytometry (SMMIC) System Powered by Adaptive Vertically-Aligned Multi-Sheet Array (VAMSA) PSF
Authors: Joshi Prakash , Kumar Prashant , Aravinth S , Mondal Partha P.
Published: June 2022

Volumetric interrogating of a large population of live specimens at high throughput is a challenging task that necessitates new technology. We propose vertical-aligned multi-sheet array (VAMSA) illumination PSF that enables interrogation of specimens flowing simultaneously through multiple microfluidic channels. The very geometry of PSF enables high quality cross-sectional imaging, and facilitates volumetric interrogation of specimens flowing through commercial microfluidic chip (consists of multiple flow-channels), which is a step towards large population screening. The SMMIC technique employs a unique combination of transmission grating, beam-expander and high NA objective system in a specific optical configuration to generate diffraction-limited illumination PSF (VAMSA-PSF). However, the detection is accomplished by a large field-of-view widefield 4f-system that consists of low NA objective lens, high performance fluorescence filters, and tube lens. Studies show high quality sectional images (resolution ∼ 2.5μm, and SBR ∼ 4.8dB) of HeLa cancerous cells at high flow throughput (flow-rate of, 2500 nl/min). A cell count of > 1k and volume reconstruction efficiency of ∼ 121 cells/min is noteworthy. In addition, SMMIC system demonstrate organelle-level resolution with a SBR comparable to that of confocal especially at low flow-rates. It is hoped that the proposed system may accelerates drug-treatment studies for a large population of live specimens to advance the evolving field of translational medicine and health-care.
Effects of Beaver (Castor canadensis) Herbivory and Wildfire on Foliage Density and Woody Debris, San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area, Arizona
Authors: Radke Marcia F.
Published: June 2022

Beaver (Castor canadensis) were reintroduced beginning in 1999 on the San Pedro Riparian National Conservation Area. Herbivory is the most obvious effect from beaver, but little research exists of herbivory effects after reintroduction. Fire processes may also have substantial effects to vegetation, and both beaver and fire are important ecological components for comparing effects and subsequent management decisions. The objective of this research, conducted during 2008 and 2009, was to determine any effects to foliage density caused by beaver herbivory and wildfire as compared to control sites. There were significant differences in foliage density between control, beaver, and wildfire sites, with lower foliage density and greater above-ground heights associated with wildfire sites. Although near the significance level, there were no interactions between control, beaver, or wildfire sites for changes in foliage density at different heights. Mean Fremont cottonwood, Goodding’s willow, and seep willow foliage density was significantly different between control, beaver, and fire sites. Fremont cottonwood had significantly higher foliage density at control sites than at fire sites, but not between control and beaver sites or between beaver and fire sites. Goodding’s willow density was significantly higher at control and beaver sites than fire sites, with no significant difference between control and beaver sites. Seep willow foliage density was significantly higher at control and beaver sites compared to fire sites, but not significantly different between control and beaver sites. Mean downed and dead wood cover was not significantly different between control, beaver, and fire-influenced sites, between beaver and control sites, between control and fire sites, or between beaver and fire sites. Management implications include more strategic wildfire planning and preparedness, achieved through integrated tamarisk control in the riparian area and use of prescribed fire in upland habitats to reduce fire size and severity that threaten the riparian gallery forest and its ecosystem services.