bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh Kepemimpinan Transformasional dan Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik terhadaap Kinerja Melalui Organizational Citizenship Behavior sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Cindrakasih Talia , Azizah Siti Nur
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja guru pada guru SMK Cipta Karya Prembun. Penelitian ini menggunakan variabel kepemimpinan transformasional, lingkungan kerja non fisik dan Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) untuk menganalisis kinerja guru di SMK Cipta Karya Prembun. Selain itu penelitian ini menggunakan variabel OCB sebagai variabel intervening terhadap kinerja guru di SMK Cipta Karya Prembun. Variabel dalam penelitian ini adalah kepemimpinan transformasional, lingkungan kerja non fisik, OCB dan kinerja. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru di SMK Cipta Karya Prembun yang berjumlah 32 guru. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah sampel jenuh karena jumlah responden yang relatif kecil sehingga jumlah seluruh populasi digunakan sebagai sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah uji instrumen validitas dan reliabilitas, uji asumsi klasik, uji hipotesis, analisis korelasi, analisis jalur dan uji sobel. Alat bantu pengolahan data menggunakan SPSS for windows versi 22 dan sobel kalkulator. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kepemimpinan transformasional tidak berpengaruh terhadap OCB dan kinerja. Lingkungan kerja non fisik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap OCB. Lingkungan kerja non fisik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja. OCB berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap Kinerja.
Pengaruh Motivasi Berafiliasi dan Workplace Friendship terhadap Kinerja dengan Komitmen Organisasional sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Lestari Desyi , Azizah Siti Nur
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari Motivasi Berafiliasi dan Workplace Friendship terhadap Kinerja melalui Komitmen Organisasional pada perawat kontrak Rumah Sakit Permata Medika Kebumen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perawat kontrak Rumah Sakit Permata Medika berjumlah 50 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk memperoleh data adalah kuesioner. Metode penelitian bersifat analisis kuantitatif, data yang diperoleh berdasarkan jawaban dari responden pada kuesioner, dianalisis dengan teknik statistik analisis regresi linear berganda, model regresi diuji dengan asumsi klasik agar memenuhi syarat dan layak dipakai untuk memprediksi pengaruh variabel bebas terhadap variabel terikat. Hasil perhitungan regresi diuji dengan uji t dan koefisien determinasi, sementara hasil perhitungan mediasi diuji dengan analisis jalur dan sobel test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel Motivasi Berafiliasi dan Workplace Friendship berpengaruh terhadap Kinerja melalui Komitmen Organisasional pada perawat kontrak Rumah Sakit Permata Medika Kebumen. Dalam penelitian ini diketahui bahwa Motivasi Berafiliasi merupakan variabel independen yang pengaruhnya paling besar terhadap Kinerja perawat dibandingkan variabel independen yang lain.
Pengaruh Kepribadian dan Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Organizational Citizenship Behavior dengan Komitmen Organisasi sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Tutugo Ahmad Habibi , Solichin Much. Riyadus
Published: August 2020

This research aims to test the influence of organizational personality and culture on organizational citizenship behavior through the organization's commitment as a intervening variable. The sampling method used is a non-probability sampling technique i.e. saturated sampling i.e. taking the whole sample or all members of the population are used as samples. Respondents in this study were the permanent teachers of Pondok Pesantren SahabatQu Sleman amounting to 60 people. This research uses the methods of descriptive analysis and statistics carried out validity tests, the test of relibility, multicolinearity test, heteroskedastisity test, normality test, correlation test, coefficient of determination, test T, analysis of pathways, calculation of Influence and Test Sobel. Testing in test T shows that the personality affects the Organization's commitment to the teacher of Pondok Pesantren SahabatQu Sleman. Organizational culture has a significant effect on the organization's commitment to the teachers remain in Pondok Pesantren SahabatQu Sleman. Personality has a significant influence on organizational citizenship behavior on the teachers remained SahabatQu Pondok Pesantren Sleman. The organizational culture has a significant effect on the teachers staying at the Pondok Pesantren SahabatQu Sleman. The commitment of the Organization has a significant effect on the teachers remained the Pondok Pesantren SahabatQu Sleman. Organizational commitments can be radiated between personality and organizational citizenship behavior based on the Sobel test. Organizational commitments cannot be intermediate between organizational cultures and organizational citizenship behavior based on Sobel tests.
Pengaruh Partisipasi Anggaran, Kapasitas Individu, Self Esteem dan Kejelasan Sasaran Anggaran Terhadap Senjangan Anggaran Desa di Kecamatan Petanahan
Authors: Khasanah Sulis Nafisatun , Kristanti Ika Neni
Published: August 2020

This study aimed to examine the effect of budgetary participation, individual capacity, self esteem and clarity of budget targets on village budgetary slack that occurs in Petanahan District. This research was carried out in 21 villages in Petanahan Subdistrict. The sample in this study were 43 respondents who participated in the budgeting process. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires directly to respondents. The analysis technique used was multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) budgetary participation has a positive and significant effect on budgetary slack, (2) individual capacity has no effect on budgetary slack, (3) self-esteem has no effect on budgetary slack, (4) clarity of budget targets has a positive effect and significant to budgetary slack.
Pengaruh Bid-Ask Spread, Market Value dan Risk of Return Terhadap Holding Period Saham
Authors: Syifa Karoomatus , Susetyo Aris
Published: August 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh bid-ask spread, market value dan risk of return terhadap holding period saham secara parsial maupun simultan pada saham perusahaan indeks JII tahun 2016-2018. Sumber data dalam penelitian adalah data sekunder berbentuk data harian yang diperoleh di www.idx.co.id dan Yahoo Finance. Populasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah perusahaan yang terdaftar dalam Indeks JII tahun 2016-2018 yang berjumlah 30 perusahaan. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling yang menghasilkan jumlah sampel sebanyak 17 perusahaan. Tahun 2016 terdapat 246 hari perdagangan, tahun 2017 terdapat 238  hari perdagangan  dan tahun 2018 terdapat 241 hari perdagangan sehingga membentuk data panel sebanyak 12.325 sampel. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel: Fixed Effect Model dengan bantuan aplikasi software Eviews 10. Uji hipotesis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji t-statistic dan uji F-statistic dengan tingkat signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) bid-ask spread memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap holding period saham, 2) market value memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap holding period saham, 3) risk of  return memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap holding period saham, 4) bid-ask spread, market value dan risk of  return secara simultan memiliki pengaruh terhadap holding period saham. Holding period saham dapat dijelaskan oleh pengaruh variasi variabel independen bid-ask spread, market value dan variance return sebesar 99,91 %, sedangkan 0,09% dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain diluar model penelitian.
Pengaruh Pelatihan dan Kompetensi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Melalui Motivasi Berprestasi sebagai Variabel Intervening
Authors: Tsani Anies Arfiana , Prasetyo Anton
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan dan kompetensi terhadap komitmen organisasi dengan motivasi berprestasi sebagai variabel intervening. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekretariat Bawaslu Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran kuesioner pada 35 Staf Operator SAS di Sekretariat Bawaslu Kabupaten/Kota di Jawa Tengah. Teknik analisa yang digunakan menggunakan bantuan program analisis SPSS Versi 22 for Windows. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel pelatihan dan kompetensi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap motivasi berprestasi. Variabel pelatihan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi, sedangkan variabel kompetensi berpengarih positif dan signifikan terhadap komitmen organisasi, dan variabel motivasi berprestasi dan komitmen organisasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan.
Pengaruh Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use Terhadap Trust dan Intention to buy KAI Access Tickets Online pada Generasi Millennial di Kabupaten Kebumen
Authors: Mujiasih Riani , Wiwoho Gunarso
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use on the intention to buy KAI Access tickets online through an trust as an intervening variable. The population in this study were millennials generation of Kereta Api Indonesia (KAI) users service in Kebumen Regency. This study sample was 100 respondent using the purposive sampling method. The method used in this study is a quantitative method. Data analysis using path analysis with SPSS 23 program. The results of this study indicate that perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have a significant effect on trust. While perceived ease of use do not affect the intention to buy KAI Access tickets online, while the perceived usefulness and trust significantly influences the intention to buy KAI Access tickets online.
Teknik Supervisi Akademik di Sekolah Islam
Authors: Paramudita Alfiyan , Ridwan Iwan
Published: August 2020

Academic supervision carried out by the headmaster is done only once in a semester. The lack of implementation of guidance of school principals on educators in the preparation of design of learning implementation, mastery and delivery of teaching materials. This study aims to uncover the processes of planning, implementing, and evaluating the academic supervision at Al-Aqsha Jatinangor Junior High School plus, West Java, Indonesia. The research method used is qualitative. The results of the study show that (1) Academic supervision in Al-Aqsa Junior High School plus is planned using individual and group techniques carried out within one year; (2) implementation of academic supervision with individual techniques monitored through surveillance cameras that have been installed in each class. Individual supervision of 46 educators involved 4 senior teachers namely Apit Miftahudin, Oih Baihaqi, Apip Hadi Susanto, and Saidiman; (3) supervision evaluation is carried out at the end of semester meeting together with the entire academic community of the Al-Aqsa Junior High School plus. Focus on follow-up training on academic supervision results at the Al-Aqsa Junior High School plus regarding instrument learning devices;
Conference Papers from the Winter Symposium “Towards a New Ethical Imagination: Political and social values in a cosmopolitan world society”, Turku, Finland, 10-12 February 2012
Authors: Rendtorff Jacob Dahl
Published: August 2020

This collection of papers contains some of the best papers from the winter meeting of the study group “Towards a New Ethical Imagination: Political and social values in a cosmopolitan world society” of the Nordic Summer University.
From Pericles to Plato – from democratic political praxis to totalitarian political philosophy
Authors: Larsen Øjvind
Published: August 2020

Plato is normally taken as one of the founders of Western political philosophy, not at least with his Republic. Here, he constructs a hierarchy of forms of governments, beginning with aristocracy at the top as a critical standard for the other forms of governments, and proceeding through timocracy and oligarchy to democracy and tyranny at the bottom. Following Karl Popper, the paper argues that Plato’s is a totalitarian philosophy that emphasizes the similarities between democracy and tyranny, which it considers to be the two worst forms of government. Plato’s denigration of democracy has dominated the tradition of political philosophy until recent times. This paper, however, shows that political philosophy in fact originates in democracy, especially as developed by the sophists and that philosophy is only a form of sophism with a similar origin in ancient Greek democracy. A discussion of Pericles’ funeral oration is used to show that Pericles presented a democratic political philosophy that can serve as a counterpoint to Plato’s political philosophy in the Republic.
Outline of a taxonomy of approaches to aggregation
Authors: O'Connor James
Published: August 2020

What limits on what can be done to individuals in pursuit of some “greater good” are morally permissible, and under what sorts of circumstances? This depends largely on one’s approach to interpersonal aggregation — that is, summing different goods (or harms) affecting different persons and weighing them against other similarly attained aggregates. I outline four approaches: non-aggregationism (e.g. John Taurek, 1977); asymmetric aggregationism (e.g. Peter Singer in many specialist writings, Alistair Norcross); symmetric aggregationism (e.g. Singer in popular writings); and weak aggregationism (e.g. T.M Scanlon). I conclude by briefly suggesting that the weak approach is the “least worst” one.
Legislation on educational work with prisoners in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Siryakov Aleksey , Abishev El’dar
Published: August 2020

In the desire to reform the penal system, separate countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States have made significant progress, substantially updating their legal framework. These also include the Republic of Kazakhstan. The study of the normative consolidation and organization of educational work with convicts under the Kazakhstan and Russian legislation and a questionnaire of practitioners revealed the advantages and disadvantages of regulatory support and law enforcement practice. This made it possible to outline further ways to improve the legal regulation of educational work with convicts in the direction of convergence with international standards. The penal legislation of the two countries largely coincides, but in Kazakhstan the issues of educational work find their legal consolidation not only at the level of the Penal code, but also in special acts. The advantages of Kazakhstan’s legislation include: a clear definition of the tasks, directions, forms and methods of educational work; improvement of the mechanism of incentives and penalties application; determining the degree of behavior of convicts; involvement of the Probation Service in the provision of social and legal assistance to convicts preparing for the release; the presence of convicts among the subjects of educational work of voluntary organizations. Otherwise, the organization and conduct of educational work with convicts coincide. The basis of the organizational structure of the correctional institution is the unit, the heads of which are overloaded with the tasks not directly related to the implementation of the correctional process. Taking into account the experience of the Republic of Kazakhstan, it is proposed to amend the Penal code of the Russian Federation, in terms of the formulation of the concept of educational work through its tasks; clarification of norms relating to the directions, forms and methods of educational work. In the Provision about the units of prisoners in correctional institution, it is necessary to change the amount of duties for the head of the unit: establishing a ban (limitation) on the involvement of chiefs to implement unusual functions for them; the transfer to the category of rights the obligation to participate in inspections of the presence of persons held in a correctional institution, taking them to work (from work), their presence during searches, mealtime in the dining room, getting of parcels, transfer, sale of food and basic necessities, telephone conversations.
The main types of punishments not connected with isolation from society, and their content under the Criminal Code of Qatar (comparative legal analysis with certain norms of Russian legislation)
Authors: Skiba Andrey Petrovich , Kovsh Andrey , Myakhanova Aleksandra Nikolaevna
Published: August 2020

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of a number of norms of Qatari Criminal legislation, as well as Russian Criminal and Penal legislation. The types of punishments not related to isolation from society and their content under the Criminal Code of Qatar are considered in the article. In addition, attention is drawn to the system and content of individual punishments (in the form of fines and public works). The author’s version of Article 63 of the Criminal Code of Qatar is formulated; it concerns the main types of punishments and their content. Based on the conducted research, the authors conclude that the main types of punishments not connected to isolation from society and their content have significant specifics under the Criminal Code of Qatar, and in some cases relate to issues of punishments execution (which in Russia are regulated in the Penal legislation). This determines the need for further research of the Criminal Code of Qatar and its comparative analysis with Russian legislation.
Eastern Poetry by Western Poets: Powys Mathers’ ‘Translations’ of Sanskrit Erotic Lyrics
Authors: Italia Maddalena
Published: August 2020

This essay focuses on a pivotal (if understudied) moment in the history of the translation and reception of Sanskrit erotic poetry in the West – a moment which sees the percolation of this classical poetry from the scholarly sphere to that of non-specialist literature. I argue that a crucial agent in the dissemination and inclusion of Sanskrit erotic poems in the canon of Western lyric poetry was the English poet Edward Powys Mathers (1892–1939), a self-professed second-hand translator of ‘Eastern’ literature, as well as the author of original verses, which he smuggled as translations. Using Black Marigolds (a 1919 English version of the Caurapañcāśikā) as a case study, I show how Powys Mathers’ renderings – which combined the practices of second-hand and pseudo-translation – are intertextually dense poems. On the one hand, Black Marigolds shows in watermark the intermediary French translation; on the other, it functions as a hall of mirrors which reflects, magnifies and distorts the emotional and aesthetic dimensions of both the classical/Eastern and modern/Western literary world. What does the transformation of the Caurapañcāśikā into a successful piece of modern(ist) lyric poetry tell us about the relationship that Western readers wished (and often still wish) to have with ‘Eastern’ poetry? Furthermore, which conceptual tools can we mobilize to ‘make sense’ of these non-scholarly translations of classical Sanskrit poems and ‘take seriously’ their many layers of textual and contextual meaning?
The Race for Hafiz: Scholarly and Popular Translations at the Fin de Siècle
Authors: Bubb Alexander
Published: August 2020

The great Persian lyric poet Hafiz was first translated into English by Sir William Jones in the 1780s. In the course of the nineteenth century many further translations would appear, initially intended for the use of oriental scholars and students of the Persian language, but increasingly also for the general reading public. The paraphrasers or ‘popularizers’ who devised the latter category of translation competed with professional scholars to shape the dissemination and popular perception of Persian poetry. Owing to a variety of factors, the middle of the nineteenth century saw a marked decline in the number of new Hafiz translations, and it is not until 1891 that a complete edition of Hafiz's works finally appeared in English. This led to an unusual situation, particular to Britain, in which scholars (Edward H. Palmer, Henry Wilberforce-Clarke, Gertrude Bell), and popularizers (Richard Burton, Herman Bicknell, Justin McCarthy, Richard Le Gallienne, John Payne) all jostled to fill the vacuum created by the absence of a definitive version. Their competition created, in short order, a diversity of versions presented to consumers, which allowed Hafiz's influence to be felt in twentieth-century poetry untrammelled by the impress (as became the case with Omar Khayyam) of one dominant translator. While the refraction of Hafiz through the biases and predispositions of multiple translators has been regarded as hopelessly distorting by Julie Scott Meisami, I argue instead that it highlights lyric, in the richness and diversity characteristic of Hafiz, as the Persian poetic mode which has been more influential on English writing and yet the most difficult to categorize and integrate. Lastly, by paying heed to the popular transmission of Hafiz in English, we might better understand the reception of Persian poetry in its generic, rather than only its formal character.
Historical Crime Fiction as Popular Historiography
Authors: Flothow Dorothea
Published: August 2020

Due to the current history boom in the UK, which manifests itself in the conspicuous popularity of historical novels, costume dramas, and in rising visitor numbers to museums, the study of popular historiography has become a growing and vibrant field. Popular historiography formats such as costume dramas, historical romances, and re-enactments have been recognised as a key influence on the public's knowledge of the past. Consumed informally and voluntarily, entertaining and easily accessible, popular histories are often more significant for the public's perception of ‘historical fact’ than ‘academic’ forms of historiography.

This article examines historical crime fiction as a genre of popular historiography with a special focus on recent novels set in the late seventeenth century, a period that has lately been the focus of a number of exciting crime series. As a genre mostly written to a formula, concentrating on a narrow theme (i.e. crime and violence), and typically showing the life of ‘the mean streets’, crime fiction has a genre-specific view of the past. Due to its focus on the everyday, it shows aspects of history which are particularly popular with a wider public. Additionally, as it is frequently preoccupied with history's dark secrets, crime fiction is especially suited to re-writing established images of the past.
Detective Fiction, Nostalgia and Rian Johnson'sKnives Out: Making the Golden Age Great Again
Authors: Sandberg Eric
Published: August 2020

The Golden Age is back with a vengeance: reprints, re-boots, and adaptations of interwar detective fiction and its off-shoots have proliferated in the twenty-first century, as have works more loosely, but nonetheless substantially, inspired by the clue-puzzle format developed and perfected by authors like Agatha Christie. This resurgence of the ‘whodunnit’ mystery is something of mystery itself, as the centre of gravity of crime writing has long shifted away from this ostensibly dated and aesthetically limited form. This paper explores this unexpected development, looking in particular at the role of nostalgia in relation to new Golden Age mysteries. While nostalgia is frequently, and quite justly, viewed in negative terms as a personally and politically regressive phenomenon, in some cases, as in Rian Johnson’s murder mystery Knives Out (2019), examined here, it can be used not simply as a dubious marketing or aesthetic strategy, but as part of a broader social critique in which one form of nostalgia is used to critique another.
Protective coatings with nanoscale multilayer architecture: current state and main trends
Authors: Pogrebnjak A D , Lisovenko M A , Turlybekuly A , Buranich V V
Published: August 2020

Binary systems (layers) and multicomponent layers with bilayer thicknesses varying from microns to a few nanometers are considered. A strong dependence of the microstructure formation on the deposition conditions (the magnitude of the bias potential, the flow of inert and reactive gases, the ion beam power (current density) supplied to the target) is found. General regularities in the change in the functional properties and structural state of the coatings are formulated. The conditions for the formation of a columnar structure and growth texture are noted; various mechanisms and their interpretation are proposed. The relationship among the size of nanograins, diffusion at the interphase boundary, and effects determining the physico-mechanical, tribological characteristics, as well as resistance to corrosion and oxidation, is shown.
GLOBAL CITIES AND SOCIOECONOMIC INEQUALITY
Authors: Boschken Herman
Published: August 2020

Inequality in metropolitan areas is part of a paradoxical triangle of competing motives over resources allocation. Chief among inequality/equity rivals is economic development, but ecological sustainability matters as well. Understanding inequality in global cities in such a context requires first recognizing the intense economic development motives involved in pursuing worldwide centrality, connectivity and command over the forces of globalization. As a comparative analysis of 53 large U.S. metropolitan areas, this paper examines the apparatus of a global city in response to globalization, and the subsequent impact on socioeconomic inequality. Through causal path analysis, it empirically identifies essential components of the paradoxical triangle in the struggle of global cities to sustain their world-city status. In so doing, the evidence suggests heightened inequality is a function of (a) the global city’s use of certain “cornerstone” resources to sustain global advantage, and (b) its resultant polarized employment structure.
The Visual Acuity Outcome and Relevant Factors Affecting Visual Improvement in Pediatric Sporadic Chiasmatic–Hypothalamic Glioma Patients Who Received Surgery
Authors: Liao Chihyi , Zhang Heng , Liu Zhiming , Han Zhe , Li Chunde , Gong Jian , Liu Wei , Ma Zhenyu , Tian Yongji
Published: August 2020

Background: The role and effectiveness of primary surgical treatment for sporadic chiasmatic–hypothalamic glioma (CHG) are not clear. The present study was to describe sporadic CHG visual acuity (VA) outcomes after surgery and to analyze the relevant factors affecting VA improvement.

Methods: Forty-five pediatric sporadic CHG patients who met the inclusion criteria were included in a retrospective study. All patients received primary intratumor partial resection. Disease characteristics, treatment strategies, complications, and VA outcome were analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify relevant factors of VA improvement. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was performed to evaluate the predictive accuracy of measurement indexes.

Results: There were 77 eyes of 45 children suffering from various levels of VA impairment before surgical treatment, and only 13 eyes had normal vision. Patients with resection extents >70, 50–70, and <50% accounted for 26.67, 24.44, and 48.89%, respectively. The percentages of VA maintained and deteriorated in normal vision eyes were 61.54 and 38.46%. The percentages of VA improved, maintained, and deteriorated in visually impaired eyes after surgery were 29.87, 45.45, and 24.68%, respectively. There was a positive correlation between the IVA level and VA improvement. There was no significant difference in VA improvement between the different resection extents. Blindness occurred in ~4.4%. Approximately 11.1% of the children had complications that affected quality of life, which correlated with resection extent. IVA and tumor size were correlated with VA improvement. The AUC for IVA + tumor size predicting VA improvement was 0.831. The cutoff points for IVA level and tumor volume were 4.5 and 43.50 cm3, respectively.

Conclusions: IVA and tumor size were correlated with VA improvement after primary intratumor partial resection. Children with IVA ≥ level 5 were more likely to achieve visual improvement after decompression surgery, but decompression had limited effectiveness on vision improvement in patients with tumor volumes ≥ 43.50 cm3. Performing resections < 50% was safe and did not reduce the effect of decompression to improve VA.
The Response of Maize Lines to Foliar Fertilizing
Authors: Brankov Milan , Simić Milena , Dolijanović Željko , Rajković Miloš , Mandić Violeta , Dragičević Vesna
Published: August 2020

The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of two foliar fertilizers applied on five maize (Zea mays L.) lines. Fertilizers were applied at different growth stages of maize, during three consecutive years (2010–2012) at the experimental field of the Maize Research Institute “Zemun Polje”, Serbia. Maize growth parameters such as fresh matter, height, leaf area and grain yield were recorded. Foliar fertilizer with amino acids (FAA) was more advantageous to maize plants compared to fertilizer containing phosphorus (FP) as a main component. Applied FAA has shown positive effects by increasing fresh matter, leaf area index, and plant height in all three years. In 2012, due to unfavorable meteorological conditions, grain yield and harvest index were very low, compared to the previous two years, although, positive effects on morphological traits were observed 21 days after treatments (DAT), as well as in the anthesis stage. The best results of 30% of grain yield and harvest index increase were recorded in line L1 in 2010 and 2011. The same line had an increase of more than 40% of fresh matter and leaf area on average for all three years. The positive effects that have been noticed in this research could recommend foliar fertilizing with fertilizer containing N in a form of an amino acids complex.
Form of Silica Improves Yield, Fruit Quality and Antioxidant Defense System of Tomato Plants under Salt Stress
Authors: Pinedo-Guerrero Zeus H. , Cadenas-Pliego Gregorio , Ortega-Ortiz Hortensia , González-Morales Susana , Benavides-Mendoza Adalberto , Valdés-Reyna Jesús , Juárez-Maldonado Antonio
Published: August 2020

Tomato crop is valuable worldwide thanks to its commercial and nutritional value, which plays a very important role in the human diet. However, in arid areas, tomato crops can be found with high salt content. Salinity is a major problem for agriculture, as it decreases productivity, lowers economic yields, and induces soil erosion. The application of silicon has been observed to increase tolerance to abiotic stress and specifically to salt stress. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the application of K2SiO3 and SiO2 nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) on the growth, antioxidant content, and tolerance to saline stress of tomato plants. Plant growth, fruit quality parameters (pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, firmness), antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH), enzymatic (SOD, PAL, APX, CAT, GPX) and non-enzymatic (flavonoids, phenols, vitamin C, β-carotene, lycopene) antioxidant compounds, chlorophylls, proteins, and H2O2 were evaluated. The application of SiO2 NPs at 500 mg L−1 had positive effects on the plants that were not subjected to stress, increasing the average fruit weight, fruit yield, and chlorophyll, phenol, glutathione, and GPX activity. Meanwhile, in plants under salt stress, it helped to maintain the concentration of chlorophylls, GSH, PAL activity, and vitamin C. The application of SiO2 NPs is more effective than K2SiO3 at inducing positive responses in tomato plants subjected to stress by NaCl.
Husk Leaf Senescence Characteristics of Spring Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivated in Two Row Directions and Three Plant Spacings in Northeast China
Authors: Liu Shengqun , Gu Yan , Wang Xiaobo , Li Xiangnan , Wang Yang
Published: August 2020

Row direction and plant spacing influence crop senescence. An experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of row direction and plant spacing on the husk leaf senescence. Physiological indicators related to husk leaf senescence at days after silking (DAS) 12, 22, and 40 were investigated under two row directions (east to west and south to north, abbreviated as EW and SN, respectively) and three plant patterns (single rows spaced at 65 cm, 40 cm twin rows spaced at 90 cm between the paired rows of narrow–wide rows, and 40 cm twin rows spaced at 160 cm between the paired rows of narrow–wide rows, abbreviated as SR, WN1, and WN2, respectively). Row direction affects the chlorophyll content and dehydration rate according to our results. Superoxide dismutase activity at DAS 22, catalase (CAT) activity at DS, and abscisic acid (ABA) concentrations at DAS 12, 22, and 40 were significantly affected by plant spacing. The CAT activities of WN1 and WN2 were significantly higher than those of SR, and WN2 had a lower ABA concentration than WN1 and SR. Our results suggest that row direction from SN and plant spacing from WN1 and WN2 were the suitable conditions for delaying the senescence of husk leaves of maize in the experimental site.
Nitrogen Uptake from Different Sources by Non-GMO Soybean Varieties
Authors: Rymuza Katarzyna , Radzka Elżbieta , Wysokiński Andrzej
Published: August 2020

Soybean has the ability to live in symbiosis with microorganisms and take up nitrogen from the atmosphere, fertiliser and soil reserves. The amount of nitrogen taken up from these sources depends on many biotic and abiotic factors, e.g., the rhizobium species, cultivar, as well as weather and agricultural conditions. A field experiment was conducted in eastern Poland (central Europe) in two successive growing seasons to examine the uptake of nitrogen from the atmosphere (NDFA—% nitrogen derived from the atmosphere), fertiliser (NDFF—% of nitrogen derived from fertiliser) and soil reserves (NDFS—% of nitrogen derived from the soil) for three non-GMO (non genetically modified organism) soybean cultivars: Abelina, SG Anser and Merlin. Pre-plant fertilisation of plants with nitrogen excess with the 15N isotope and the isotope dilution method were applied. Soil reserves and the atmosphere were major nitrogen sources for soybean. Soybean roots contained the most atmosphere-derived nitrogen (45.85%), the amount being lower for soil reserves (41.43%) and the lowest for fertiliser (12.72%). Harvest residues and seeds contained the most soil reserve-derived nitrogen, the amount being lower for the atmospheric nitrogen and the lowest for fertiliser-derived nitrogen. The amount of nitrogen derived from different sources in the whole soybean mass significantly depended on cultivars and years’ percentage values being affected by study years only. Less atmospheric nitrogen was accumulated in cv. Abelina roots (2.15 kg N·ha−1) compared with cv. SG Anser (3.07 kg N·ha−1) or cv. Merlin (2.89 kg N·ha−1). More atmospheric nitrogen was recorded in the post-harvest residues and seeds of cv. Abelina and SG Anser than Merlin. The content of soil reserve-derived nitrogen taken up by the whole soybean plants averaged 61.29 kg N∙kg−1, the amounts being 50.95 and 11.38 kgN∙kg−1 for nitrogen taken up from the atmosphere and fertiliser, respectively. Soybean grown in the study year with more favourable thermal and precipitation conditions (2017) took up more nitrogen from all the sources compared with the year 2018.
Nematicidal Evaluation and Active Compounds Isolation of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 against Root-Knot Nematodes Meloidogyne incognita
Authors: He Qiong , Wang Dongya , Li Bingxue , Maqsood Ambreen , Wu Haiyan
Published: August 2020

The root-knot nematode is one of the most damaging plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, and the ecofriendly alternative approach of biological control has been used to suppress nematode populations. Here the nematicidal activity of Aspergillus japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate against Meloidogyne incognita was evaluated in vitro and in greenhouse, and the effects of A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate on seed germination and the active compound of A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate were determined. The 2-week fermentation filtrate (2-WF) of A. japonicus ZW1 exhibited markedly inhibitory effects on egg hatching, and 5% 2-WF showed potential nematicidal activities on second-stage juveniles (J2s); the mortality of J2s was 100% after 24 h exposure. The internal contents of nematodes were degraded and remarkable protruded wrinkles were present on the body surface of J2s. The nematicidal activity of the fermentation was stable after boiling and was not affected by storage time. A germination assay revealed that 2-WF did not have a negative effect on the viability and germination of corn, wheat, rice, cowpeas, cucumbers, soybeans, or tomato seeds. The pot-grown study confirmed that a 20% fermentation broth solution significantly reduced root galls and egg numbers on tomatoes, and decreased galls and eggs by 47.3% and 51.8% respectively, over Czapek medium and water controls. The active compound from the A. japonicus ZW1 fermentation filtrate was isolated and identified as 1,5-Dimethyl Citrate hydrochloride ester on the basis of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and LC-MS (liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer) techniques. Thus, fermentation of A. japonicus ZW1 could be considered a potential new biological nematicide for the control of M. incognita.
B-Mode and Contrast Enhanced Ultrasonography Features of Gastric Inflammatory and Neoplastic Diseases in Cats
Authors: Simeoni Francesco , Terragni Rossella , Rubini Giuseppe , Tamburro Roberto , Del Signore Francesca , Falerno Ilaria , Aste Giovanni , Russo Marco , Mastromatteo Giovanni , Vignoli Massimo
Published: August 2020

Alimentary lymphoma (AL) is the most common malignancy of the feline gastrointestinal tract and may cause variable mild to severe alteration of the gastric wall on ultrasonography (US) that can be very similar to those caused by inflammation (INF). The aim of this prospective study is to establish the value of B-mode and contrast-enhanced US (CEUS) in describing specific features of normal, inflammatory, and neoplastic gastric diseases in feline species. B-mode US and CEUS of the stomach were performed in anesthetized cats with or without gastric disorders. Gastric wall qualitative and quantitative parameters were evaluated on B-mode US and CEUS examination. A total of 29 cats were included: six healthy (HEA) cats as the control group; nine INF; three low-grade lymphoma (LGAL); 10 high-grade lymphoma (HGAL). On B-mode US, there were significant differences in thickness, the wall’s layer definition and echogenicity between HGAL and all the other groups (<0.001). For CEUS, statistical differences between groups were found in the following: HGAL vs. HEA, HGAL vs. INF; HGAL vs. LGAL; INF vs. HEA. Diagnostic accuracy (AUC) and cut-off value were calculated and found to be significant for thickness (3.8 mm) for INF vs. LGAL (AUC > 0.70) and “benign” vs. “malignant” (AUC > 0.90) as well as peak enhancement (34.87 dB) for “benign” vs. “malignant” (AUC > 0.70). INF and LGAL showed an overlap of qualitative and quantitative parameters both on B-mode and CEUS, while HGAL usually appears as a severe wall thickening with absent layer definition, high-contrast uptake, a specific enhancement pattern, regional lymphadenopathy and local steatitis. Thickness and peak enhancement can be useful parameters in the characterization of gastric infiltrates in cats.
An Easy and Economical Way to Produce a Three-Dimensional Bone Phantom in a Dog with Antebrachial Deformities
Authors: Lee Hee-Ryung , Adam Gareeballah Osman , Yang Dong Kwon , Tungalag Tsendsuren , Lee Sei-Jin , Kim Jin-Shang , Kang Hyung-Sub , Kim Shang-Jin , Kim Nam Soo
Published: August 2020

3-D surgical planning for restorative osteotomy is costly and time-consuming because surgeons need to be helped from commercial companies to get 3-D printed bones. However, practitioners can save time and keep the cost to a minimum by utilizing free software and establishing their 3-D printers locally. Surgical planning for the corrective osteotomy of antebrachial growth deformities (AGD) is challenging for several reasons (the nature of the biapical or multiapical conformational abnormalities and lack of a reference value for the specific breed). Pre-operative planning challenges include: a definite description of the position of the center of rotation of angulation (CORA) and proper positioning of the osteotomies applicable to the CORA. In the present study, we demonstrated an accurate and reproducible bone-cutting technique using patient-specific instrumentations (PSI) 3-D technology. The results of the location precision showed that, by using PSIs, the surgeons were able to accurately replicate preoperative resection planning. PSI results also indicate that PSI technology provides a smaller standard deviation than the freehand method. PSI technology performed in the distal radial angular deformity may provide good cutting accuracy. In conclusion, the PSI technology may improve bone-cutting accuracy during corrective osteotomy by providing clinically acceptable margins.
Associations between the Bovine Myostatin Gene and Milk Fatty Acid Composition in New Zealand Holstein-Friesian × Jersey-Cross Cows
Authors: Haruna Ishaku L. , Li Yunhai , Ekegbu Ugonna J. , Amirpour-Najafabadi Hamed , Zhou Huitong , Hickford Jon G. H.
Published: August 2020

The myostatin gene (MSTN), which encodes the protein myostatin, is pleiotropic, and its expression has been associated with both increased and decreased adipogenesis and increased skeletal muscle mass in animals. In this study, the polymerase chain reaction, coupled with single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, was utilized to reveal nucleotide sequence variation in bovine MSTN in 410 New Zealand (NZ) Holstein-Friesian × Jersey (HF × J)-cross cows. These cows ranged from 3 to 9 years of age and over the time studied, produced an average 22.53 ± 2.18 L of milk per day, with an average milk fat content of 4.94 ± 0.17% and average milk protein content of 4.03 ± 0.10%. Analysis of a 406-bp amplicon from the intron 1 region, revealed five nucleotide sequence variants (A–E) that contained seven nucleotide substitutions. Using general linear mixed-effect model analyses the AD genotype was associated with reduced C10:0, C12:0, and C12:1 levels when compared to levels in cows with the AA genotype. These associations in NZ HF × J cross cows are novel, and they suggest that this variation in bovine MSTN could be explored for increasing the amount of milk unsaturated fatty acid and decreasing the amount of saturated fatty acid.
A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial of Famciclovir in Shelter Cats with Naturally Occurring Upper Respiratory Tract Disease
Authors: Reinhard Chelsea L. , McCobb Emily , Stefanovski Darko , Sharp Claire R.
Published: August 2020

Upper respiratory tract disease (URTD) is a clinically relevant infectious disease in shelter cats, with individual and population-level welfare implications. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of famciclovir in reducing clinical signs of URTD in shelter cats during a therapeutic period of up to 21 days. Cats at two Northeastern United States animal shelters with URTD clinical signs were enrolled in a pragmatic, prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cats received either famciclovir (n = 11, target dose range 40–90 mg/kg) or placebo (n = 11), administered orally twice daily for up to 21 days with once-daily clinical scoring. At enrollment, conjunctival and oropharyngeal samples were collected for respiratory pathogen identification by RT-PCR. Zero-inflated Poisson regression was used to evaluate the treatment group effects and changes in clinical scoring over time. With each day of treatment, cats in both groups were less likely to experience worsening clinical scores; however, the risk of worsening scores with each day of treatment was significantly less in the famciclovir group compared to placebo (p = 0.006). Feline herpesvirus (FHV-1) DNA was detected in 11/21 cats. The findings justify further pragmatic studies to determine whether famciclovir treatment can contribute to a clinically relevant reduction in URTD morbidity in shelter cats.
Comparison of Lateral and Dorsal Recumbency during Endoscope-Assisted Oophorectomy in Mature Pond Sliders (Trachemys scripta)
Authors: Bardi Edoardo , Antolini Giulia , Lubian Emanuele , Bronzo Valerio , Romussi Stefano
Published: August 2020

Ovariectomy via the prefemoral fossa is a well-described technique for sterilization in chelonians. The choice between lateral and dorsal recumbency is generally left to the surgeon’s preference, with no data supporting an objective superiority of one over the other. Twenty-four sexually mature female pond sliders (Trachemys scripta) were enrolled for elective prefemoral endoscope-assisted oophorectomy, and were randomly divided in two groups: 12 animals were placed in right lateral recumbency with a left fossa approach (Group A), and 12 in dorsal recumbency with a right fossa approach (Group B). Scoring systems were applied to assess the ease of access to the coelomic cavity, and the ease of identification of the ovary opposite to the surgical incision. A negative correlation was found between the body weight of the animals and the ease of access to the coelom (p = 0.013), making the access easier in smaller animals. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of ease of access to the coelomic cavity, first ovary removal time, ease of identification of the second ovary, second ovary removal time, or total surgery time.
MiR-143 Regulates Milk Fat Synthesis by Targeting Smad3 in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells
Authors: Zhang Li , Wu Zhang-Qing , Wang Yu-Juan , Wang Meng , Yang Wu-Cai
Published: August 2020

Milk fat is the main nutritional component of milk and is also an important indicator for evaluating milk quality. Substantial evidence has implicated miRNAs in the synthesis of milk fat. miR-143 is one of the miRNAs closely related to lipid metabolism. Herein, miR-143 upregulation remarkably promoted the production of lipid droplets and increased the level of intracellular triglyceride (TAG). Meanwhile, miR-143 suppression overtly repressed TAG synthesis and lipid droplet accumulation in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs). At the same time, miR-143 significantly upregulated the genes associated with lipid synthesis, including PPARγ, SCD1, CEBPβ, and SREBP1. To examine the regulatory mechanism of miR-143 in milk fat synthesis, Smad3 was predicted as a new potential miR-143 target gene by TargetScan. Further studies found that miR-143 expression was inversely related to the levels of Smad3 mRNA and protein. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays confirmed Smad3 to be a miR-143 direct target. Moreover, Smad3 gene silencing significantly increased intracellular TAG level in BMECs. These findings revealed that miR-143 promotes the TAG synthesis in BMECs via increasing the lipid synthesis related gens expression by targeting Smad3. The results of this study can be exploited in devising novel approaches for improving the nutritional value of milk in dairy cows.