bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A zero-dimensional view of atmospheric degradation of levoglucosan (LEVCHEM_v1) using numerical chamber simulations
Authors: Suciu Loredana G. , Griffin Robert J. , Masiello Caroline A.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Here we developed a zero-dimensional (0-D) modeling framework (LEVCHEM_v1) to provide insights into the atmospheric degradation of a key tracer emitted during biomass burning – levoglucosan (LEV), while additionally exploring its effects on the dynamics of secondary organic aerosols (SOA) and other gases. For this, we updated existing chemical mechanisms (homogeneous gas-phase chemistry and heterogeneous chemistry) in the BOXMOXv1.7 model to include the chemical degradation of LEV and its intermediary degradation products in both phases (gas and aerosol). In addition, we added a gas-particle partitioning mechanism to the model to account for the effect of evaporation and condensation on the phase-specific concentrations of LEV and its degradation products. Comparison of simulation results with measurements from various chamber experiments show that the degradation time scale of LEV varied by phase, with degradation occurring over ~ 1.5–3.5 days and aerosol-phase degradation occurring over ~ 8–21 hours. These relatively short time scales suggest that most of the initial LEV concentration can be lost chemically or deposited locally before being transported regionally. We varied the heterogeneous reaction rate constant in a sensitivity analysis and found that longer degradation time scales of LEV are possible in the gas phase (5 days) and the aerosol phase (7 days), implying that some LEV may be transported regionally. The multiphase chemical degradation of LEV has effects on SOA and other gases. Several first- or second-generation products resulted from its degradation; most of the products include one or two carbonyl groups, one product contains a nitrate group, and a few products show the cleavage of C-C bonds. The relative importance of the products varies depending on the phase and the timing of the maximum concentration achieved during the simulation. Our estimated secondary organic aerosol SOA yields (5–32 %) reveal that conversion of LEV to secondary products is significant and occurs rapidly in the studied scenarios. LEV degradation affected other gases by increasing the concentrations of radicals and decreasing those of reactive nitrogen species. Decreases of the mixing ratios of nitrogen oxides appear to drive a more rapid increase in ozone compared to changes in volatile organic compounds (VOC) levels. An important next step to confirm longer degradation time scales will be to extend the evaluation of the modeled LEV degradation beyond 3–5 hours, by using more extensive data from chambers, and, possibly from fire plumes. The mechanism developed here can be used in chemical transport models applied to fire plumes to trace LEV and its degradation products from source to deposition, assess their atmospheric implications and answer questions relevant to fire tracing, carbon and nitrogen cycling, and climate.
Reservoir evaporation in a Mediterranean climate: Comparing direct methods in Alqueva Reservoir, Portugal
Authors: Rodrigues Carlos Miranda , Moreira Madalena , Guimarães Rita Cabral
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Alqueva Reservoir is one of the largest artificial lakes in Europe and is a strategic water storage for public supply, irrigation, and energy generation. The reservoir is integrated within the Multipurpose Alqueva Project (MAP), which includes almost 70 reservoirs in a water-scarce region of Portugal. The MAP contributes to sustainability in southern Portugal and has an important impact for the entire country. Evaporation is the key component of water losses from the reservoirs included in the MAP. To date, evaporation from Alqueva Reservoir has been estimated by indirect methods or pan evaporation measurements. Eddy covariance measurements were performed at Alqueva Reservoir from July to September in 2014 as this time of the year provides the most representative evaporation volume losses in a Mediterranean climate. This period is also the most important for irrigated agriculture, and is therefore the most problematic part of the year in terms of managing the reservoir. The direct pan evaporation approach was first tested and compared to eddy covariance evaporation measurements. A relationship was then established based on a pan coefficient (Kpan) multivariable function by using the identified governing factors: air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and incoming solar radiation. The mean Kpan for the period from June to September 2014 was 0.59, and the modelled mean daily reservoir evaporation in June, July, August, and September was 3.9 mm d−1, 4.2 mm d−1, 4.5 mm d−1, and 2.7 mm d−1, respectively. The total estimated reservoir evaporation for this 4-month period was 455.8 mm. The correlation between the estimated evaporation and the measured EC evaporation had an R2 value of 0.7. The developed Kpan function was validated for the same period in 2017, and yielded an R2 value of 0.68. This study provides an applicable method for calculating evaporation based on pan measurements in Alqueva Reservoir, which can support regional water management. Moreover, the methodology presented here could be applied to other reservoirs, and the developed equation for Alqueva Reservoir could act as a first evaluation for the management of other Mediterranean reservoirs.
Improving Soil Moisture Prediction of a High–Resolution Land Surface Model by Parameterising Pedotransfer Functions through Assimilation of SMAP Satellite Data
Authors: Pinnington Ewan , Amezcua Javier , Cooper Elizabeth , Dadson Simon , Ellis Rich , Peng Jian , Robinson Emma , Quaife Tristan
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Pedotransfer functions are used to relate gridded databases of soil texture information to the soil hydraulic and thermal parameters of land surface models. The parameters within these pedotransfer functions are uncertain and calibrated through analyses of point soil samples. How these calibrations relate to the soil parameters at the spatial scale of modern land surface models is unclear, because gridded databases of soil texture represent an area average. We present a novel approach for calibrating such pedotransfer functions to improve land surface model soil moisture prediction by using observations from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission within a data assimilation framework. Unlike traditional calibration procedures data assimilation always takes into account the relative uncertainties given to both model and observed estimates to find a maximum likelihood estimate. After performing the calibration procedure we find improved estimates of soil moisture for the JULES land surface model (run at a 1 km resolution) when compared to estimates from a cosmic-ray soil moisture monitoring network (COSMOS-UK). The spatial resolution of these COSMOS probes is much more representative of the 1 km model grid than traditional point based soil moisture sensors. For 11 cosmic-ray neutron soil moisture probes located across the modelled domain we find an average 22 % reduction in root-mean squared error, a 16 % reduction in unbiased root-mean squared error and a 16 % increase in correlation after using data assimilation techniques to retrieve new pedotransfer function parameters.
Statistical Characterization of Environmental Hot Spots and Hot Moments and Applications in Groundwater Hydrology
Authors: Chen Jiancong , Arora Bhavna , Bellin Alberto , Rubin Yoram
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Environmental hot spots and hot moments (HSHMs) represent rare locations and events that exert disproportionate influence over the environment. While several mechanistic models have been used to characterize HSHMs behavior at specific sites, a critical missing component of research on HSHMs has been the development of clear, conventional statistical models. In this paper, we introduced a novel stochastic framework for analyzing HSHMs and the uncertainties. This framework can easily incorporate heterogeneous features in the spatiotemporal domain and can offer inexpensive solutions for testing future scenarios. The proposed approach utilizes indicator random variables (RVs) to construct a statistical model for HSHMs. The HSHMs indicator RVs are comprised of spatial and temporal components, which can be used to represent the unique characteristics of HSHMs. We identified three categories of HSHMs and demonstrated how our statistical framework are adjusted for each category. The three categories are (1) HSHMs defined only by spatial (static) components, (2) HSHMs defined by both spatial and temporal (dynamic) components, and (3) HSHMs defined by multiple dynamic components. The representation of an HSHM through its spatial and temporal components allows researchers to relate the HSHM’s uncertainty to the uncertainty of its components. We illustrated the proposed statistical framework through several HSHM case studies covering a variety of surface, subsurface, and coupled systems.
Understanding coastal wetland conditions and futures by closing their hydrologic balance: the case of the Gialova lagoon, Greece
Authors: Manzoni Stefano , Maneas Giorgos , Scaini Anna , Psiloglou Basil E. , Destouni Georgia , Lyon Steve W.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Coastal wetlands and lagoons are under pressure due to competing demands for freshwater resources and climatic changes, which may increase salinity and cause a loss of ecological functions. These pressures are particularly high in Mediterranean regions with high evaporative demand compared to precipitation. To manage such wetlands and maximize their provision of ecosystem services, their hydrologic balance must be quantified. However, multiple channels, diffuse surface water exchanges, and diverse groundwater pathways complicate the quantification of different water balance components. To overcome this difficulty, we developed a mass balance approach based on coupled water and salt balance equations to estimate currently unknown water exchange fluxes through the Gialova lagoon,
southwestern Peloponnese, Greece. Our approach facilitates quantification of both
saline and freshwater exchange fluxes, using measured precipitation, water
depth and salinity, and estimated evaporation rates over a study period of
2 years (2016–2017). While water exchanges were dominated by evaporation
and saline water inputs from the sea during the summer, precipitation and
freshwater inputs were more important during the winter. About 40 % and
60 % of the freshwater inputs were from precipitation and lateral freshwater flows, respectively. Approximately 70 % of the outputs was due
to evaporation, with the remaining 30 % being water flow from the lagoon
to the sea. Under future drier and warmer conditions, salinity in the lagoon is expected to increase, unless freshwater inputs are enhanced by restoring hydrologic connectivity between the lagoon and the surrounding freshwater bodies. This restoration strategy would be fundamental to stabilizing the current wide seasonal fluctuations in salinity and maintain ecosystem functionality but could be challenging to implement due to expected reductions in water availability in the freshwater bodies supporting the lagoon.
Volunteer Outcomes and Impact: The Contributions and Consequences of Volunteering in 4-H
Authors: Worker Steven M. , Espinoza Dorina M. , Kok Car Mun , Go Charles , Miller JoLynn C.
Published: July 2020

Youth development volunteers are relied upon by many youth organizations to deliver educational programming, and consequently, fulfill organizations’ missions. Our study explored the consequences of volunteering in youth services by focusing on volunteer outcomes (consequences of volunteering on the volunteer) and volunteer impacts (volunteers’ contributions to the organization). We collected 1,245 open-ended responses to 2 questions from adults who served as volunteers in the University of California 4-H Youth Development Program. We applied iterative inductive thematic analysis without a pre-existing coding scheme to each question independently. Volunteers described their impacts on 4-H as expanding and maintaining programs for children, providing support to and teaching youth, and helping to realize youth outcomes. By volunteering, adults reported outcomes including developing skills, improving well-being, and deepening connections with others.
Inspira STEAM: breaking the confidence gap with female roles
Authors: Guenaga Gómez Mariluz , Fernández Álvarez Lorena
Published: July 2020

Following women’s careers in STEAM can be compared to a leaking pipeline, which leaks in so many ways that, in the end, it is empty before it reaches leading professional positions. However, even before, girls do not opt for STEAM studies, and one of the main reasons is their lack of confidence: both self-confidence and trust in other people. Girls see the potential of women in many fields, but when asked directly, they do not see themselves as able to be good scientists or technologists. This lack of confidence is what we found in the Inspira STEAM project, aimed at increasing the interest in STEAM of girls in primary education and promoting scientific and technological careers.  The project consisted of six one-hour sessions following group mentoring methodology at school-hours carried out by female professionals in STEAM as close reference models. Mentors were trained in the methodology, gender perspective and materials developed for the sessions. After completing the program girls, boys and mentors completed a questionnaire about their experience. Results show great satisfaction of participants with the program but less self-confidence in the performance of mentors. Also, girls show high confidence in what women are able to achieve, but not so much in what they, personally, can achieve related to science and technology. These results have great relevance to understanding the confidence gap and figuring out how to close it.
Fundamentación feminista de la investigación participativa: Conocimiento, género y participación, o del diálogo necesario para la transformación.
Authors: Pajares Sánchez Lorena
Published: July 2020

El propósito de este artículo es responder a la pregunta ¿cómo podemos relacionar teórica y metodológicamente los presupuestos de la investigación participativa gestada en América Latina en los años 70 con los presupuestos de la investigación y epistemología feminista desarrollados a partir de los años 80, para fundamentar la necesidad de investigaciones participativas con perspectiva de género y orientadas a la acción? Particularmente, el artículo responde a la pregunta: ¿de qué manera la mirada y crítica feminista fundamenta, completa e incluso trasciende las innovadoras propuestas de la Investigación-Acción Participativa para la transformación? A través de una metodología basada en la revisión crítica de los principales postulados teóricos de ambas propuestas, analizo cómo ambos tipos de investigación comparten muchas miradas: se basan en la quiebra de la dicotomía entre lo científico y lo político, proponen la incorporación de nuevos sujetos de conocimiento, defienden una idea relacional de conocimiento y valoran las posibilidades que ofrece el vínculo como unidad central de análisis, entre otros aspectos. Más allá de estos y convergiendo con los postulados participativos de que conocer es tomar partido por una visión del mundo u otra, el feminismo, además, añade al componente político una dimensión ética e incorpora nuevos valores a la empresa cognitiva. El resultado final de esta revisión crítica es la defensa fundamentada de que sólo un diálogo integrador entre los fundamentos participativos y los feministas extraerá el máximo potencial explicativo y transformador de una investigación social.
New perspectives in feminist methodological research
Authors: Cuklanz Lisa , Rodríguez María Pilar
Published: July 2020

Se han escrito muchas páginas acerca de un tema tan necesario y complejo como es el de las metodologías feministas, y en muchas ocasiones se han plasmado esas aportaciones en esta misma revista. Hay varios factores importantes que contribuyen a que se siga prestando atención a este tema desde hace ya décadas. En primer lugar, las metodologías feministas han recibido atención teórica y aplicaciones prácticas en la mayoría de los campos de investigación, tales como la medicina, el derecho, las ciencias políticas, la historia, la sociología, la lingüística, los estudios cinematográficos y de medios de comunicación, entre muchos otros. En segundo lugar, la labor desarrollada en el terreno de la investigación y del conocimiento feministas han transformado las principales disciplinas académicas, desplazando la atención hacia temas anteriormente infravalorados o descuidados, y cambiando las prioridades y los enfoques en aquellos que ya se habían estudiado anteriormente. La investigación feminista ha alterado de manera decisiva nuestra comprensión del mundo, y ha influido en los propios procedimientos a través de los cuales se aborda la investigación. Esto ha sido así no solo en el campo del feminismo, sino entre quienes investigan desde el rigor académico y siguen los dictados del estado del arte y quieren estar al día en los avances en sus respectivos campos de estudio están necesariamente al tanto de las metodologías feministas. Una tercera razón muy significativa para la atención prestada a los métodos feministas es que las investigadoras y los investigadores que se dedican a este tipo de trabajo mantienen un fuerte compromiso que se materializa en un esfuerzo continuo para ampliar los límites y definiciones de valores tales como la igualdad, la interseccionalidad, el cambio social y los desafíos éticos encaminados a promover la justicia social, particularmente en lo referente al mantenimiento de los privilegios y las relaciones de poder. A partir del compromiso orientado a investigar las voces y experiencias de las mujeres y cuestionar las dicotomías de género, los métodos feministas han ido más allá de estas prioridades iniciales para ir avanzando al ampliar los límites de significado que estos conceptos e ideas sugieren.
Soil Layers Properties of a Profile Developed on the Past Depositional Series on Merbabu Volcano Central Java Indonesia
Authors: Nurcholis Mohammad , Herlambang Susila , Suwartikaningsih Sri Aminah , Fiantis Dian , Yudiantoro Dwi Fitri
Published: July 2020

A wide and deep soil profile (around 1200 cm) was observed at Ketep Park West Slope of Merbabu volcano Central Java, Indonesia to identify the soil morphology, physical and, chemical and mineralogical properties.  Results showed that several soil development processes occurred in each volcanic deposits with different characteristics.  Most soil layers met some of andic soil properties criteria such bulk density <0.9 g.cm-3, P retention of >85%, and (Alo + ½ Feo) >2.0%.  A thin melanic material showing black color layer was found at the lower part of the soil profile, i.e. in depth from 726 to 798 cm.  The dominant material in most soil layers is an allophane.  Minerals in the sand fraction were dominated by labradorite and augite, with some layers were hypersthene and green hornblende.
The Potential of Potassium Fertilizers in Improving the Availability and Uptake of Potassium in Rice Grown on Entisol
Authors: Hartati Sri , Suryono . , Purnama Lia Sari
Published: July 2020

Entisol is a marginal soil spreading over some areas in Indonesia. It has loose soil consistency, low aggregation rates, sensitive to erosion, and low nutrient content. Entisol has high K deficiency.  Potassium plays an important role in rice growth (Oryza sativa). The aim of the research was to study the effects of  type and dose of potassium fertilizers on available K in Entisol and its uptake by rice plants. The study was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design with 2 factors, i.e. the types of potassium fertilizers (KCl, ZK and KNO3) and doses of potassium fertilizers (0 kg K2O ha-1, 50 kg K2O ha-1, 100 kg K2O ha-1, and 150 kg K2O ha-1), with three replications. The results showed that the type of potassium fertilizers applied resulted in similar effects on almost all soil and plant parameters. The dose of potassium fertilizers significantly affected all  soil and plant parameters, the higher the doses, the higher the values of the parameters observed.
Phosphate Adsorption Capacity of Allophane from Two Volcanic Mountains in Indonesia
Authors: Airlangga Tandaditya Ariefandra , Matsue Naoto , Hanudin Eko , Johan Erni
Published: July 2020

Allophane is known as clay mineral with high capacity of phosphate adsorption via ligand-exchange mechanism. This study aims to compare the phosphate adsorption characteristics by allophane from Mt. Merapi and Mt. Lawu in relation to its chemical and mineralogical properties. The results  of X-Ray Flourescence analysis shows that both allophane samples from Merapi and Lawu have low Si/Al ratio, i.e. 1.18 and 1.16, respectively. Infrared spectral characteristics of the allophane materials indicated that the main adsorption bands appeared at the range of 2700-3700 cm-1 (due to stretching vibration of all hydroxyl (OH) groups), 1400 – 1800 cm-1 (vibration of HOH deformation), and 650 - 1200 cm-1 (vibration between the Si-O-Al). Adsorption experiment of phosphate on allophane samples were conducted at initial adsorbate concentration of up to 2.0 mM and at pH 4.0 and 8.0. Phosphate adsorption capacity of allophane shows that both allophane from Merapi and Lawu are categorized as very high in adsorbing phosphate and fit well with the Langmuir adsorption equation. Phosphate adsorption increases with decreasing pH due to the positive charge sites such as Al-OH2+ in the allophane structure increase. Another reason is the negative charge of phosphate gradually decreases from -2 to -1 with decreasing pH, and the repulsive force between the negatively charged Si-O- in the allophane structure and phosphate anions decreases.
The Reduced Rules Rule Based Forecasting Decision Support System: Details and Functionalities: An Audit Context
Authors: Bern Manuel , Lusk Edward
Published: July 2020

In execution of PCAOB audits at the Planning and Substantive Phases, forecasts of various financial account balances are often used to collect information on the veracity of the client’s final reported balances. One of the forecast methods widely acclaimed in the academic context is the Rule Based Forecasting [RBF] model of Collopy and Armstrong [C&A]. However, for the most part, the RBF has not found its way into the panoply of the auditor. In our practice-oriented experiential context, the reason for this seems to be the lack of an enabling Decision Support System[DSS] usually needed to create reliable RBF-forecasts in a timely manner needed at the Substantive Phase of the audit. Focus In this report, we detail a GUI-friendly DSS, the VBA-programming of which is based upon a 2013 revision of an updated C&A model offered by Adya and Lusk. The DSS is called: The Reduced Rules: Rule Based Forecasting: Decision Support System [RR:RBF:DSS]. We provide a comprehensive example of the RR:RBF:DSS in a PCAOB-audit context for a Caterpillar™, Inc.Ò account Panel downloaded from Bloomberg™. This example, carefully details all of the numerous User Form-Launch platforms as well as discusses the statistical and operational Rule-scoring functionalities of the RR:RBF:DSS. The RR:RBF:DSS is available as a download without cost or restrictions on its use.
El papel de la tipografía en la percepción de una marca
Authors: Hontanilla Pizarro Beatriz
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación cuantitativa de tipo experimental tiene como principal objetivo ampliar el conocimiento que existe sobre la influencia de la tipografía en el rendimiento comunicativo de una marca, por lo que se pretende analizar en qué medida la tipografía puede alterar o condicionar la eficiencia del mensaje gráfico y cómo mediante la tipografía se pueden obtener diferentes propuestas formales con distintos rendimientos comunicativos.
Errores en el uso de la marca como foto de perfil en redes sociales: análisis de 49 ONG españolas
Authors: Tarazona Belenguer Nereida , Ampuero-Canellas Olga , Gonzalez-Del-Rio Jimena
Published: July 2020

La utilización incorrecta de la marca conlleva una actitud desfavorable hacia la empresa por lo que toda organización debe vigilar su uso. Esta investigación estudia cómo 49 ONG españolas usan su marca como imagen de perfil en redes sociales. Los errores encontrados son posteriormente evaluados por seis expertos mediante una dinámica de grupo. Los resultados muestran fallos de coordinación entre las distintas redes sociales y errores técnicos (marca cortada, pixelada, textos ilegibles). Posibles soluciones serían crear una marca destinada a utilizarse como foto de perfil y designar a un encargado de vigilar la aplicación de la marca.
Representación Simbólica
Authors: Tena Parera Daniel
Published: July 2020

La adopción de significado por parte de los receptores del mensaje gráfico puede evidenciar significativas divergencias. Unas intrínsecas del mensaje, lo que el diseñador quiere comunicar y lo que sus públicos perciben; y otras extrínsecas al mensaje: lo que diversos sujetos receptores perciben, interpretan o la forma en que dan sentido a las formas portadoras de contenidos del mensaje gráfico. En este texto queremos reflexionar sobre ello y para hacerlo lo ejemplificamos en los conceptos mostrados en las puertas de los lavabos públicos. Los conceptos vinculados son: ellos en contraposición a ellas, el hombre en contraposición a la mujer o varón en oposición a hembra. Por tanto, convenimos que el sexo, bien puede ser el concepto y la asignación de ese significado la intención de la comunicación.
An Overview of the European Union Instruments Contributing to the Internal Security of the Organization and its Member States
Authors: Zwęgliński Tomasz
Published: July 2020

European Union being a complex organization has been launched in order to increase quality
of the EU citizens’ life. Mainly aimed at building economic and social well-being through
inclusivity and integrity processes which are regulated by the EU and its Member States [1]. The
EU security is a natural and necessary condition for the postulated well-being of human kind.
Therefore, the EU has been investing and regulating also internal security domain for many
years now. There are several policies and instruments that were designed and implemented to
meet the expectation of the ‘Europe which protects’. Different EU bodies administrate many
of these mechanisms, although they are aimed at achieving the same goal – EU citizens safety
and security. The article presents a review on the key EU policies and instruments in order
to analyze them towards their EU internal security implications. Finally, it presents overall
picture of the EU crisis response logic and synergy what is the aim of the article.
Terapia ocupacional y daño cerebral adquirido
Authors: Sánchez-Cabeza Ángel
Published: July 2020

Occupational therapy is the use of purposeful activity or interventions designed to achieve functional outcomes that promote health, prevent injury or disability, and that develop, improve, sustain, or restore the highest possible level of independence of any individual who has an injury, illnes, or other disorders or condition. This article has been designed to serve as a foundation for the general understanding of occupational therapy intervention with acquired brain damage survivors. The ultimate goal of occupational therapy is to enable individuals to perform the tasks that are essential for performing their unique roles. An occupational therapist assesss underlying motor, cognitive, perceptual, and interpersonal skills as well as task performance and valued roles. Depending on a person´s current potential for recovery impairments, the occupational therapist, and others health profesionals, facilites task performance by improving relevant performance skills, developing and teaching compensatory strategies to overcome lost performance skills, or combining both of these strategies.
Trastornos del comportamiento en daño cerebral adquirido
Authors: Sánchez-Cubillo Ignacio , Lertxundi Nerea , Quemada Jose Ignacio , Ruis-Ruiz Raquel
Published: July 2020

Behavioural disorders (BD) after brain injury are some of the most relevant issues in neuropsychology. This relevance is remarkable in three main areas of clinical neuropsychology: conceptual issues, assessment and rehabilitation. (1) BD is an heterogenous group of superficially defined symptoms, traditionally included under the term Frontal Lobe Syndrome. Its fractionning into subtypes allowed a more comprehensive and specific approach to BD, although evidence is still not able to explain its causes. Recent theoretical approaches (somatic markers, Theory of mind) suggest interesting directions for research in this area. (2) Assessment of BD is not as developed as other areas (memory, attention...), and it lacks of standarized tests with satisfying psychometric requirements. (3) Rehabilitation processes are severily interfered by BD, which are generally chronic and may even get worse with the years. Behaviour Therapy and psychopharmacological interventions have proven some usefullness in symptom reduction, although in symptoms of diminished motivation (apathy) treatment often fails to succeed.
Manuel García-Pelayo y los derechos históricos
Authors: Tajadura Tejada Javier
Published: July 2020

Manuel García-Pelayo elaboró un sugerente estudio sobre la idea medieval
del derecho. Desde esa perspectiva en el proceso constituyente
advirtió del grave error que suponía incluir en el Texto Constitucional
la categoría de «derechos históricos» que sólo tiene sentido desde la
mencionada concepción medieval del Derecho, pero no desde una óptica
moderna y mucho menos democrática. García Pelayo señaló los
riesgos que la recepción constitucional de los derechos históricos implicaba.
Y la historia reciente le ha dado la razón. Las reformas territoriales
de la VIII Legislatura han transitado por la senda del historicismo
haciendo imposible la consolidación del Estado Autonómico en
clave federal
Ética y justicia constitucional
Authors: Landa César
Published: July 2020

A partir de los valores fundamentales, tales como la dignidad humana, los derechos humanos, la democracia, la división de poderes, el Estado de Derecho, la descentralización y la economía social de mercado, expresados en la Constitución peruana de 1993, surge la necesidad de desarrollar una jurisprudencia constitucional que desarrolle dichos valores, de tal manera que la Constitución, a través de las técnicas de interpretación constitucional, sea concebida como una carta jurisprudencial de derechos y libertades para todos los ciudadanos. Es en este escenario en donde se devela el rol de la ética en el constitucionalismo. La ética judicial se enmarca dentro de la corriente del pensamiento constitucional institucional, que deja de lado tanto el pensamiento positivista como el pensamiento iusnaturalista, en tanto han fracasado en sus propósitos. Dicha teoría institucional se caracteriza por la integración dinámica de los factores constitucionales: como el poder, el orden social, el Estado y la libertad. Así, la ética constitucional se incardina en ella, no debiendo ser entendida como una moral universal ni como una moral sistemática-funcionalista de reglas y procedimientos, sino como una ética institucional que las integre en un fundamento intersubjetivo que se expresa en los tácitos pactos fundamentales de la sociedad civil. La actuación judicial del Tribunal Constitucional del Perú no puede estar desvinculada de un pensamiento constitucional institucional, en tanto expresión del doble carácter de la ética en el ejercicio profesional de la judicatura. Donde la ética objetiva entendida como la defensa de los valores constitucionales, se traduce en una ética subjetiva concebida como el respeto de las reglas procesales. Esta ética judicial integral es la síntesis concreta de la ética de la convicción de las ideas y la ética de la responsabilidad en la función judicial, que se ve cuestionada en dos casos paradigmáticos de derechos humanos
La ilegítima mutación de la Constitución por el juez constitucional y la demolición del estado de derecho en Venezuela
Authors: Brewer-Carías Allan R
Published: July 2020

Este artículo tiene por objeto analizar algunas de las ilegítimas mutaciones constitucionales efectuadas por la Sala Constitucional del Tribunal Supremo de Justicia de Venezuela, al decidir recursos autónomos de interpretación constitucional que han sido interpuestos por el Poder Ejecutivo, y que han trastocado los cimientos del Estado de derecho. Un recurso judicial como el de interpretación abstracta de la Constitución, creado por la Sala Constitucional sin soporte en la Constitución, en manos de un Juez Constitucional totalmente dependiente del mismo Poder Ejecutivo, sin autonomía ni independencia algunas, ha resultado ser un instrumento utilizado para cambiar y ajustar la Constitución a la voluntad del Ejecutivo, al margen de los procedimientos de reforma y de la voluntad del poder, afianzando el autoritarismo
Enquadrando a ditadura: fotojornalismo do Correio da Manhã e os conflitos de 1968
Authors: Ferreira Jorge
Published: July 2020

O artigo analisa o trabalho de fotojornalismo do jornal Correio da Manhã (CM) durante conflitos entre estudantes e policiais militares nas ruas centrais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, entre março e outubro de 1968. O objetivo é compreender como os fotógrafos recorreram a determinadas composições e enquadramentos para criticar a ditadura militar e defender os estudantes.Palavras-chave: Fotojornalismo. Estudantes - Atividades políticas – Brasil. Correio da Manhã (Jornal) - História
Faces da modernidade: a experiência do Ciclo Suburbano Clube (Madureira/Rio de Janeiro – décadas de 1920-1960)
Authors: Melo Victor Andrade de , Santos Junior Nei Jorge dos
Published: July 2020

Em seus mais de 40 anos de trajetória (1926-1968?), o Ciclo Suburbano Clube tornou-se uma referência no bairro de Madureira e na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Tendo em conta que foi uma expressão de movimentos de adesão a parâmetros de modernidade e de busca de valorização do subúrbio, este estudo tem por objetivo discutir a experiência dessa agremiação de ciclismo. O que interessa abordar é a particularidade da iniciativa, bem como sua relação com a construção de representações positivas sobre a região. Qual o perfil dos envolvidos? Como se relacionaram com outros grupos sociais? Que ações foram implementadas para materializar suas intenções? Como fontes, foram utilizados jornais e revistas publicados na capital nacional. Esperamos lançar um olhar diferenciado sobre a história do bairro, dos subúrbios e do Rio de Janeiro, tentando perceber como agentes diversos interferiram na produção do espaço, isso é, atuaram na conformação de uma identidade local.Palavras-chave: Rio de Janeiro (RJ) - História. Esportes - História. Subúrbios. Madureira (Rio de Janeiro, RJ). Ciclismo.
Asociación entre las características antropométricas y la condición física en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas
Authors: Romarate A. , Granados C. , Iturricastillo A. , Lizundia M. , Yanci Irigoyen J.
Published: July 2020

Los objetivos de este estudio fueron, en primer lugar, describir las características antropométricas y de la condición física en jugadores de baloncesto en silla de ruedas (BSR), en segundo lugar, analizar la asociación entre las características antropométricas y la condición física y, en tercer lugar, estudiar la asociación existente entre las distintas capacidades físicas. Once jugadores (33,82 ± 10,17 años, 74,50 ± 5,18 cm talla sentados) de la Primera División de la Liga española de BSR participaron en este estudio. Las características antropométricas (masa corporal, pliegues cutáneos, perímetros y diámetros corporales), y la condición física (capacidad de aceleración, cambio de dirección, fuerza muscular y capacidad aeróbica) fueron medidas. Los resultados mostraron una asociación significativa entre el sumatorio de pliegues y el tiempo en el test Pick-up (r = -0,64±0,35 CL, p < 0,05), el test maximal pass (Mpass) (r = 0,74;±0,28 CL, p < 0,01) y el test de lanzamiento de balón medicinal (Bmed) (0,73;±0,29 CL, p < 0,05). Los resultados obtenidos en el presente estudio muestran que las características antropométricas podrían estar relacionadas con la capacidad de cambio de dirección y la fuerza muscular en jugadores de BSR de categoría nacional (primera división española).

The three main objectives of this paper were, in first place, to describe the anthropometric characteristics and the physical conditions and in wheelchair basketball (WB) players, in second place, to analyze the relation between the anthropometric characteristics and the physical conditions, and in third place, to study the association between the different physical conditions.  Eleven players (33,82 ± 10,17 years, 74,50 ± 5,18 cm sitting size) from the First Division of the Spanish WB League took part in this study.  The anthropometric characteristics (body mass, skin folds and body perimeters and diameters), and physical condition (acceleration, change of direction, muscular strength and aerobic capacity) were measured. The obtained results shown an significant association between the summation of the folds and the time in the Pick-up test (r = -0,64±0,35 CL, p < 0,05), in the maximal pass test (Mpass) (r = 0,74;±0,28 CL, p < 0,01) and the test of the medicine ball throw (0,73;±0,29 CL, p < 0,05). The results obtained in the present study show that the anthropometric characteristics could be related to the change direction ability and muscle strength in WB players of national category (Spanish First division).
Identificando los factores que afectan al desarrollo sostenible en instalaciones deportivas de la provincia de Jorasán Razaví
Authors: Rahmani H. , Hami M. , Dosti M.
Published: July 2020

El objetivo fue identificar los factores que afectan al desarrollo sostenible en las instalaciones deportivas de la provincia de Jorasán Razaví y diseñar un modelo cualitativo de estos factores. La muestra de este estudio estuvo compuesta por 15 participantes (profesores de universidad de gestión deportiva, ejecutivos del Ministerio de Deportes y gestores deportivos expertos de la provincia de Jorasán Razaví). Las entrevistas fueron la principal herramienta de recopilación de datos. Para analizar los datos, las opiniones de los expertos (texto) fueron codificadas y categorizadas. Finalmente, las categorías identificadas se analizaron de acuerdo con el modelo conceptual de investigación (conceptos, componentes e indicadores) y se resumió la adición de nuevos componentes. Este proceso se realizó con el software MAXQDA versión 18. Según las opiniones de los expertos analizados, varios factores afectan al desarrollo sostenible de las instalaciones deportivas en la provincia de Jorasán Razaví. El factor más importante fue el referido a los usuarios y el factor menos importante fue el de privatización. La gestión, la seguridad y los recursos humanos también fueron cuestiones importantes.

The objective was to identify the factors affecting sustainable development in sports facilities of Razavi Khorasan Province and to design a qualitative model of these factors. The sample of this study consisted of 15 participants (faculty members of sport management, executives of the Ministry of Sport and expert managers of sporting places of Razavi Khorasan Province). In-depth interviews were used as the main data collection tool. In order to analyze the data, the opinions of the experts (text) were coded and categorized. Finally, the identified categories were analyzed according to the conceptual model of research (concepts, components and indicators) and the addition of new components was summarized. This process was carried out with MAXQDA version 18 software. According to the views of the experts analyzed, various factors affect the sustainable development of sports facilities in Razavi Khorasan province. The most important factor was users and the least important factor was privatization. Management, safety, and human resources were also important issues.
Craniofacial characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II division 1 malocclusion: a retrospective study
Authors: Al Ayoubi Alaa , Dalla Torre Daniel , Madléna Melinda
Published: July 2020

Background

Malocclusion characteristics vary across different ethnic groups and populations. Limited data are available regarding the characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II division 1 (Class II-1) malocclusion, and the recent inflow of Syrian refugees and immigrants into Europe and many areas worldwide demonstrate the need for updated studies to discover the craniofacial characteristics of these new immigrants.

Objectives

The present compound cephalometric and tooth-size study sought to assess the dentofacial morphology, upper-airway dimensions, and tooth-size characteristics of Syrian adolescents with Class II-1 malocclusion and compare the results with established Syrian population norms.

Materials and Methods

The study sample consisted of 43 Syrian patients including 24 females and 19 males with Class II-1 malocclusion (age: 14.3 (±1.5) years, mean (±SD)). Cephalometric radiographs and orthodontic casts were analyzed using special orthodontic software (OnyxCeph3™) and a universal digital caliper, respectively. Statistics were calculated using the SPSS software.

Results

In Syrian adolescents with Class II-1 malocclusion, the position of the mandible relative to the nasion perpendicular (mean (95% confidence interval)) was −11.01 (−12.45, −9.57) mm. Facial axis angle showed a negative value: −6.25 (−7.65, −4.85) degrees. An obtuse nasolabial angle was observed: 104.05 (101.77, 106.33) degrees. The average width of the upper pharynx was 11.50 (10.53, 12.47) mm; however, there was no prevalence of an upper-pharyngeal width of 5 mm or less. The average value of the anterior tooth-size ratio was 80.69 (79.85, 81.53) percent. In total, 39.5% of the investigated subjects had anterior ratios outside two standard deviations from Bolton’s norm, while 25.6% of the investigated subjects had anterior ratios outside two standard deviations from Syrian population norm.

Conclusions

In this study, the inter-maxillary discrepancy of Class II-1 Syrian adolescents was a consequence of their hyperdivergent facial pattern. The observed small pharyngeal widths were not clinically significant, while the anterior tooth-size discrepancy might be clinically relevant.
Comparison for Kmean and Astigmatism for Orbscan IIz and Pentacam at Different Stages of Keratoconus - A Clinical Study
Authors: Pateras E. , Koufala Ch.
Published: July 2020

Aims: To compare results of Orbscan IIz and Pentacam at different stages of keratoconus on Kmean and Astigmatism.

Sample and Study Design: 94 keratoconus patients were included in the study, of which 52 were men and 42 women. Keratoconus patients were screened with Orbscan IIz and Pentacam before undergoing corneal collagen cross-linking. The patients were distributed according to different keratoconus stages.

Place and Duration of Study: University of West Attica Dept Biomedical Sciensce Course Optics & Optometry in collaboration with Athens “Ophthalmiatrio” Clinic during the period between October 2017 to January 2019.

Methodology: Topographic maps correlation of two types of corneal topographers Orbscan IIz and Pentacam. The Kmean values and the Astigmatism presented at different stages of keratoconus were compared.

Results: A Sample of 188 eyes were measured having, 20 eyes (10.6%) with subclinical keratoconus, the correlation coefficient r for Kmean values between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam was 0.9758 (P<0.0001), 44 eyes (23.3%) at stage 1 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8482 (P<0.0001),  33 eyes (17.6%) at stage 2 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8147 (P<0.0001), 67 eyes (35.6%) at stage 3 with the correlation coefficient r=0.797 (P<0.0001), 10 eyes (5.3%) at stage 4 with the correlation coefficient r=0.8455 (P=0.0021), 8 eyes (4.4%) with iatrogenic keratoectasia after refractive surgery having correlation coefficient r=0.928 (P=0.0009).

Conclusion: Statistical differences between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam were found for Kmean in all stages of keratoconus. The performance for Kmean measurement of the corneal topographers Orbscan IIz and Pentacam is satisfactory for both systems in various stages of keratoconus having a very strong correlation (Correlation coefficient r ranged from 0.9758 to 0.7970). Statistical differences between Orbscan IIz and Pentacam were evident also at the Astigmatism measurements at stage 3 and 4.
Direct Observation of Worm‐Like Nanochannels and Emergent Magnon Motifs in Artificial Ferromagnetic Quasicrystals
Authors: Watanabe Sho , Bhat Vinayak S. , Baumgaertl Korbinian , Grundler Dirk
Published: July 2020

Quasicrystalline structures and aperiodic metamaterials find applications ranging from established consumer gadgets to potential high‐tech photonic components owing to both complex arrangements of constituents and exotic rotational symmetries. Magnonics is an evolving branch of magnetism research where information is transported via magnetization oscillations (magnons). Their control and manipulation are so far best accomplished in periodic metamaterials which exhibit properties artificially modulated on the nanoscale. They give rise to functional components, such as band stop filters, magnonic transistors and nanograting couplers. Here, spin‐wave excitations in artificial ferromagnetic quasicrystals created via aperiodic arrangement of nanoholes are studied experimentally. Their ten‐fold rotational symmetry results in multiplexed magnonic nanochannels, suggesting a width down to 50 nm inside a so‐called Conway worm. Key elements of design are emergent magnon motifs and the worm‐like features which are scale‐invariant and not present in the periodic metamaterials. By imaging wavefronts in quasicrystals, insight is gained into how the discovered features materialize as a dense wavelength division multiplexer.
Microporous Biodegradable Films Promote Therapeutic Angiogenesis
Authors: Hendow Eseelle K. , Moazen Mehran , Iacoviello Francesco , Bozec Laurent , Pellet‐Many Caroline , Day Richard M.
Published: July 2020

Peripheral arterial disease and critical limb ischemia are common symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Vascular surgery is used to create a bypass around occluded blood vessels to improve blood flow to ischemic muscle, thus avoiding the need for amputation. Attempts to vascularize tissues by therapeutic angiogenesis using delivery of exogenous angiogenic agents are underwhelming. A material‐based approach that provides an endogenous stimulus capable of promoting angiogenesis and increased tissue perfusion would provide a paradigm shift in treatment options available. It is reported here that microporous biodegradable films produced using thermally induced phase separation provide a localized biophysical stimulus of proangiogenic genes in vivo that is associated with increased blood vessel density and restoration of blood flow to ischemic tissue. These findings show, for the first time, that acellular, nonfunctionalized biodegradable biomaterials can provide an innovative, material‐based approach for therapeutic angiogenesis to enhance tissue reperfusion in vivo.