bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teknisten dokumenttien rooli internetin käyttäjäkeskusteluissa
Authors: Salmela Eveliina
Published: November 2024

The users of technical communication have become active agents, which is realized for example in their ways of conveying and processing technical information in online communities. In order to achieve different kinds of goals, users utilize the information provided by technical documents, experts and peer support searched via online communities. This article scrutinizes how technical documents, such as user and service manuals and product catalogs are shown on online user discussions. The data consists of 200 discussion threads related to heat pumps from two different Finnish discussion boards, Lampopumput.info (heatpumps.info) and Suomi24.fi (Finland24.fi). Technical documents were brought to the discussions using hyperlinks, attached files, quotes and references. In the discussion, they functioned as contextual information, justification, instruction or information. Using technical documents in the message threads was more common in Lampopumput.info, which is specialized in heat pumps and requires registration from the writers, than in Suomi24.fi, which is a general discussion board and allows anonymous participation. In the both discussion boards, the most common function of using technical documents in the messages was justification. Sharing own experiences and expressing subjective views are more common on the open and general discussion board, so the motivation or need to use technical documents may be lower than on the controlled and specialized discussion board, where conveying objective information and discussions concerning the installation and use of are more common.
”Hyvä saavutettavuus hyödyttää kaikkia” – Kognitiivisen saavutettavuusarvioinnin käytänteitä
Authors: Hyppönen Annikki
Published: November 2024

This article examines the cognitive accessibility assessment work of online service websites in the Papunet assessment service of the Finnish Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (FAIDD). The research is linked to the project called Selkeästi meille, organized by the FAIDD and the Association of Kehitysvammatuki 57 ry. These organizations have strong experience in promoting equality and inclusion in society of people with intellectual disabilities and others with special needs in learning, understanding and communication. In both services, people with disabilities participate in the assessment work as experts by experience. This study sheds light on the accessibility assessment process, focusing on cognitive accessibility problems. The material of the study is based on a semi-structured focus group interview with accessibility experts working in mentioned organizations. It is analysed in the context of why evaluation work is important, what accessibility expertise means, and what methods are used in the work. The findings of the research show the committed attitude of the evaluators that communicates the importance of achieving accessibility and the desire to develop and use evaluation methods.
Ilmastoviisaan asumisen teemat ja kontekstit – Kun systeemimaailma kohtaa elämismaailman julkisessa keskustelussa
Authors: Koskela Merja , Salmela Eveliina , Kääntä Liisa , Syrjälä Henna
Published: November 2024

This study examines which topics climate-wise housing is connected to in public speech. Climate-wise housing stands for housing choices that take social, ecological and economic perspectives into account. The data of the study consists of a variety of journalistic texts and online discussions collected in a larger research project. Content analysis is used as a method, and the findings are discussed applying Habermas' concepts of system and lifeworld. The results show that in the journalistic media, the system-level starting
point is strong and the individuals’ point of view comes to the fore only in certain types of stories. Economics and technology in particular are important ways of understanding climate-wise housing. In online discussions, the starting point is citizens' own lifeworld, which is connected to their everyday experiences. However, the topics of the discussions are also connected to the system through the presence of the (market) economy, which leads to seeing citizens in the role of consumers. As a whole, our analysis shows that climate-wise living becomes a part of citizens' everyday life both through the system, for example as a result of political decisions, and through grassroot level choices. From both starting points, efforts can be made towards more climate-wise living.
Kunskapsorganisering, sökmöjligheter och läsvägar: en fallstudie av handböcker för hundägare
Authors: Landqvist Hans
Published: November 2024

This paper explores how the anonymous authors of two Swedish handbooks for dog owners, published in 1823 and 1849 respectively, tried to communicate their knowledge about the treatment of dogs so that the readers of the handbooks could, hopefully, apply the information offered in their everyday life. The study clarifies how the authors organize the knowledge that they want their readers to take part of, how they show their readers opportunities to search for the desired knowledge and which reading paths within
the handbooks that the readers are offered. The two handbooks are regarded as multimodal, dialogical, final and addressive texts, and the study reported is qualitative and comparative; the handbooks are compared with each other, with other studies of dog owner manuals in Swedish, and with studies of other types of practical handbooks in Swedish. The results show great similarities between the two handbooks regarding the investigated variables, but the handbook from 1849 is judged to be more well planned and easier to use for contemporary knowledge-seeking dog owners. Finally, further studies of the handbooks are suggested, including syntactic-focused studies of them, comparisons with contemporary veterinary medical literature and studies of a larger material of dog owners’ handbooks.
The Influence of Work Environment on Employee Performance at PT. PNM Medan Tembung Area
Authors: Fahrul Alam Wardama Pane  , Ilham Mubaraq Ritonga  , Pitono Pitono
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT. PNM Area Medan Tembung, focusing on both physical and non-physical factors. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyse the influence of the work environment on employee performance at PT. Area PNM Medan Tembung. The sample in this study was 30 employees of PT. Area PNM Medan Tembung. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling, namely determining the sample with certain considerations. The type and source of data were obtained through primary and secondary data. Analysis of the data obtained using simple regression. Based on the results of the research and discussion in this study, it is known that the work environment variable significantly influences the performance of PT employees. PNM Area Medan Tembung which is shown in the significant test, namely t count> t table of 28.225> t-table 2.020 and from the work environment variable on employee performance of 71.7%. When viewed from the descriptive results, the percentage of the work environment variable is included in the high category, namely 139 and the employee performance variable of 139 is also in the high category.
La iconografía de cerro Sechín a la luz de algunas tradiciones de pueblos indígenas
Authors: Pedro Carlos Vargas Nalvarte
Published: November 2024

Las litoesculturas de Cerro Sechín se han prestado para numerosas interpretaciones desde su descubrimiento por Julio C. Tello en los años treinta del siglo pasado. Se han planteado diversas propuestas ligadas a guerra, sacrificios, medicina o incluso matemáticas; el arte de Sechín no deja de llamar nuestra atención. Aquí nos planteamos la posibilidad de realizar un acercamiento más certero haciendo uso de fuentes etnográficas de pueblos indígenas usando el método comparativo buscando correspondencia entre temas de las tradiciones orales y del arte figurativo. Mostramos así la posibilidad de entender estas representaciones desde la voz de los pueblos indígenas amazónicos, tradicionalmente dejados de lado a la hora de entender el pasado prehispánico. Hallamos así correspondencia entre arte y mito en medio de una temática que giraría en torno a la pesca y los astros que marcan temporadas para el inicio y el fin de esta actividad.
El testamento de Diego Huerta de Azabache Temoche Minulluyi Jefunchumbi. Lima, 17 de agosto de 1771
Authors: Adanaqué Velásquez Raúl
Published: November 2024

Los caciques coloniales del siglo XVIII, lograron tener vigencia política y económica al entroncarse con familias, de criollos o de otros curacazgos, porque de lo contrario pasaban a ser casi del común. Estos señores naturales fueron perdiendo sus tierras heredadas de sus padres y abuelos al entregarlas en arrendamiento a los españoles quienes dejaban de pagar la renta entablándoles juicios largos y agotadores o conminando a firmar la venta con amenazas o ejecutándola con prisión efectiva. En esta oportunidad tenemos el caso de Diego Huerta de Azabache Temoche Minulluyi Jefunchumbi el mismo que recurrió a utilizar los apellidos de sus antepasados, personas respetables de noble linaje, para mantenerse vigente enumerando las tierras que había heredado de sus antecesores.
En Lambayeque, del siglo XVIII, los caciques cabeza de dos familias se disputaron el solio que les era esquivo ante las autoridades de la Real Audiencia y aspirando reconocimiento de legitimidad por el pueblo a quienes decían les correspondía como verdaderos herederos al cargo, para ello no dudaron en presentar documentos fraguados. Al final, en sus últimos días, después de pleitos que duraron más de doscientos años, llegaba el arrepentimiento y declaraban haber actuado en forma deshonesta reconociendo a los verdaderos herederos al cacicazgo. Tal vez por eso, nuestro cacique estudiado, en esta oportunidad, utilizó apellidos de sus padres, abuelos y parientes como los Minulluyi y Jefunchumbi.
Arqueología de la cuenca hidrográfica del río Chicha / soras (Ayacucho-Apurímac)
Authors: Espinoza Martínez Héctor
Published: November 2024

En el presente trabajo se presenta un panorama sobre la arqueología de la cuenca del río Chicha Soras. Esta zona ha sido visitada por varios investigadores, siendo uno de los últimos Luis Barreda Murillo, quien visitó algunos sitios arqueológicos. Existe una compleja secuencia ocupacional con mayor densidad durante el Horizonte Medio, cuando fue ocupado por Huari, para luego ser ocupado por los soras inmediatamente antes de su anexión al Tawantinsuyo.
Unveiling the Virtual Frontier: Uncovering the Adoption and Implications of Virtualization Technologies in Data Center Environments for Enhanced Resource Efficiency, Energy Conservation, and Cost Savings.
Authors: Sikder Abu Sayed , Hudson Richard
Published: November 2024

within contemporary data center landscapes presents a transformative paradigm, fostering multifaceted advancements in resource optimization, cost efficiencies, and enhanced security measures. This integration bridges critical gaps in academia and industry, spotlighting security vulnerabilities inherent in virtualized environments while unraveling intricate economic landscapes through comprehensive cost-benefit analyses. Delving into security and economic aspects reveals a landscape ripe for exploration: a nuanced comprehension of security protocols vital for safeguarding sensitive data and intricate financial assessments navigating initial investment outlays against long-term cost savings. Methodologically, the research employs a meticulous blend of quantitative analyses and qualitative case studies involving stakeholders, unveiling compelling statistics reflecting widespread adoption, improvements in operational efficiency, and substantial cost reductions post-virtualization. Noteworthy vulnerabilities, including hypervisor risks and insecure APIs, underscore the imperative for robust security measures. Confidence levels amongst stakeholders regarding security threats and the efficacy of security measures further illustrate the intricate tapestry of perceptions. The financial landscape painted by this integration extends beyond direct cost considerations, embracing resource efficiency enhancements, energy conservation, and substantial returns on investment. Forecasts illuminate a promising trajectory, envisioning sustained growth and emergent financial implications of evolving virtualization technologies. Thus, the abstraction encapsulates a comprehensive exploration of the profound impacts and future potential inherent in the adoption of virtualization within data center environments.
The Evolution of Web Accessibility Guidelines: A Comparative Analysis of WCAG 2.0 and WCAG 3.0 in Ensuring Inclusivity on the Web.
Authors: Sikder Abu Sayed
Published: November 2024

This paper compares WCAG 2.0 and the emerging WCAG 3.0, investigating their evolution and impact on web accessibility. Emphasizing the pivotal role of web accessibility in inclusive digital design, the study aims to ensure effective access for users with disabilities. While WCAG 2.0 has been a cornerstone, WCAG 3.0, also known as the Silver draft, represents a substantial update addressing limitations and introducing innovative approaches. Using a mixed-method approach, including expert interviews, user testing, and feedback sessions, the study explores WCAG 3.0's changes and improvements, evaluating their effectiveness for diverse disabilities and inclusive web design. The background underscores WCAG 2.0's adoption and impact on enhancing user experiences for individuals with disabilities. It emphasizes the need for a comprehensive exploration of WCAG 3.0, referencing studies on user perspectives, assistive technologies, implementation challenges, and success factors. Identifying research gaps, the paper advocates for deeper investigations into user-centric evaluations, comparative analyses, and education strategies. The assessment highlights key improvements in WCAG 3.0, such as its user-centric approach, flexibility, and technological adaptability. However, implementation challenges, including technical complexity, resource allocation, guideline interpretation, technology integration, organizational culture, monitoring mechanisms, legal considerations, and user engagement, affect adherence to WCAG 3.0. In conclusion, the research provides insights into the evolution of web accessibility guidelines, signaling WCAG 3.0's potential as a significant advancement. It aims to empower stakeholders in fostering an inclusive digital landscape and advocates ongoing efforts for a universally accessible web for individuals with diverse abilities.
Unveiling the Human Aspect of Cybersecurity: A Holistic Examination of Employee Behavior and Its Significance in Safeguarding Organizational Security within the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Sikder Abu Sayed
Published: November 2024

This research delves into the critical role of the human factor in cybersecurity and its impact on organizational security within the specific context of Bangladesh. As cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and sophistication, understanding and addressing the human element in cybersecurity have become paramount for safeguarding organizational assets and sensitive information. This study adopts a comprehensive and multifaceted approach to explore employee behavior, awareness, and practices concerning cybersecurity within various organizations in Bangladesh. The research methodology combines qualitative and quantitative techniques, encompassing surveys, interviews, and data analysis. Employees from diverse industries and sectors in Bangladesh are surveyed to gain insights into their cybersecurity knowledge, behaviors, and perceptions. In-depth interviews with key personnel further enrich the understanding of the human factors influencing cybersecurity practices within these organizations. Findings reveal that employee behavior plays a pivotal role in shaping the security landscape of organizations. While some employees demonstrate exemplary cybersecurity awareness and adherence to best practices, others exhibit risky behaviors, such as clicking on suspicious links or sharing sensitive information unintentionally. The research identifies common factors influencing employee behaviors, including lack of cybersecurity training, limited awareness of potential threats, and varying organizational cultures regarding security practices. Furthermore, the study sheds light on the significance of cybersecurity training and awareness programs tailored to the unique needs of employees in Bangladesh. It underscores the importance of fostering a cybersecurity-conscious culture within organizations to mitigate risks posed by human errors and malicious activities.
Sublingual hematoma as a complication of mandibular midline osteotomy: a case report and literature review
Authors: Anishetty Meghana , Menon Radhika , Panneerselvam Elavenil , Prasanth B Shri Krishna , Raja Krishnakumar V. B.
Published: November 2024

Sublingual hematoma is a serious complication associated with anterior mandible surgery. It presents considerable risk due to the potential for airway obstruction, which can be life-threatening and necessitates prompt diagnosis and intervention. This case report describes the occurrence of sublingual hematoma following mandibular midline osteotomy and the subsequent management of this condition. Mandibular midline osteotomy is performed to correct skeletal or dental discrepancies in the transverse plane. Sublingual hematoma as a complication of a midline osteotomy has not been previously documented in the literature. This article provides a comprehensive review of the various etiologies associated with sublingual hematoma, along with its management modalities.
Persistent Identifiers for Instruments and Facilities: Current State, Challenges, and Opportunities
Authors: Mayernik Matthew , Johnson Andrew , Julian Renaine , Murray Matthew , Mundoma Claudius , Ranganath Aditya , Stossmeister Greg
Published: November 2024

Objective: Persistent Identifiers (PIDs) are central to the vision of open science described in the FAIR Principles. However, the use of PIDs for scientific instruments and facilities is decentralized and fragmented. This project aims to develop community-based standards, guidelines, and best practices for how and why PIDs can be assigned to facilities and instruments.
Methods: We hosted several online and in-person focus groups and discussions, cumulating in a two-day in-person workshop featuring stakeholders from a variety of organizations and disciplines, such as instrument and facilities operators, PID infrastructure providers, researchers who use instruments and facilities, journal publishers, university administrators, federal funding agencies, and information and data professionals.
Results: Our first-year efforts resulted in four main areas of interest: developing a better understanding of the current PID ecosystem; clarifying how and when PIDs could be assigned to scientific instruments and facilities; challenges and barriers involved with assigning PIDs; incentives for researchers, facility managers, and other stakeholders to encourage the use of PIDs.
Conclusions: The potential for PIDs to facilitate the discovery, connection, and attribution of research instruments and facilities indicates an obvious value in their use. The lack of standards of how and when they are created, assigned, updated, and used is a major barrier to their widespread use. Data and information professionals can work to create relationships with stakeholders, provide relevant education and outreach activities, and integrate PIDs for instruments and facilities into their data curation and publication workflows.
Cinq enjeux d’évaluation face à l’émergence des IA génératives en éducation
Authors: Audran Jacques
Published: November 2024

Depuis novembre 2022, les acteurs de l’éducation s’émeuvent de l’apparition de services informatiques qui permettent de générer des textes, des images ou des sons en une simple requête. Ces programmes désignés sous le nom d’intelligences artificielles génératives font l’objet d’une forte médiatisation. En évaluation, de nouveaux enjeux apparaissent : 1) Sait-on déterminer les compétences à évaluer chez les élèves, utilisateurs potentiels de ces technologies ? 2) Sait-on faire la différence entre production humaine et machinique  ? 3) Peut-on évaluer, sur le fond, des productions qui pratiquent l’illusion de la forme ? 4) Comment évaluer la dimension authentique d’une production d’élève ? 5) Sait-on évaluer les potentialités éducatives de ces technologies ? Relever ces cinq enjeux suppose une sensibilisation des enseignants et des formateurs à la pratique d’une évaluation éthique et formative apte à tirer parti de ces technologies pour préparer les élèves à des technologies qui seront bientôt banales à l’école.
The history of studying the problem of transformation of the Spanish political system on the example of the activity of the party «Citizens» (2015-2022)
Authors: Ryzhikova Ekaterina Sergeevna
Published: November 2024

The paper offers an analysis of modern research devoted to the qualification of the state of the modern political system in Spain. The author's attention is focused on the interpretation of systemic changes, the indicator of which was the activity of a new national party – "Citizens". The activities of the "Citizens" revealed the crisis of the traditional political system, based, in particular, on bipartisanship, within which two national forces dominated the country for more than 30 years – the conservative People's Party (NP) and the center-left Spanish Socialist Workers' Party (PSOE). Therefore, the activity of the Citizens Party in 2015-2022 is an illustrative example of the changes taking place in the country's political system. The author systematized the main directions of modern historiography, both Spanish and Russian, paying attention to the logic of their formation, the focuses of research interest, the source base and the methods used by specialists. The methodological basis of the work is based on the principles of historicism, objectivity, systematic analysis; historical and genetic method and comparative approach, which is due to the research logic of studying works on the transformation of the Spanish political system over time, and involves a comparative analysis of domestic and foreign literature. The conclusion is made about the similarity of methodology and sources; the "turn" in the study of Spanish Transit and the party-political system formed in 1975-1982 is defined – the transition from "modeling" to historical specifics. The main characteristics of the Spanish political system that exist in modern research are revealed, and the controversial prospects for the evolution of the system are noted. The author's qualification of the party system (the movement from bipartism to unstable multiparty system) dominates both modern historical works and political analysis. Modern researchers and analysts mainly paid their attention to the bright Podemos party, which is associated with its loud rhetoric and opposition to the constitutional foundations of Spain, but the activities of "Citizens", despite their activity in a crisis situation, turned out to be on the sidelines of research interest.
The motif of «imitation of ancestors» in Saxo Grammaticus's «Deeds of the Danes» as a means of reconstructing the author's idea
Authors: Chesta Sergei Olegovich
Published: November 2024

This article is intended to contribute to the research of the political pragmatics of Saxo Grammaticus’ «Deeds of the Danes» (c. 1208/1216). In modern historiography, the opinion has strengthened that the «Deeds of the Danes» expressed the interests of the customer of the historical work – archbishop Absalon of Lund (1177-1201), as well as the aristocratic family of Hvide, to which the prelate belonged. According to this point of view, the main purpose of the work was to preserve the influence of the Hvide family at court, which was to be achieved by demonstrating the dependence of royal power on the archbishop and his relatives. Therefore, the work of Saxo Grammaticus contains numerous examples of criticism of the rulers of the Valdemar dynasty (1157-1241), Valdemar I (1157-1182) and his son, Canute VI (1182-1202), cited to encourage the sovereigns to listen to the advice of magnates. The article presents arguments in favor of the opposite interpretation of the text of the «Deeds of the Danes»: the historical work was used to legitimize the royal power. Textual analysis and study of the motif of «imitation of ancestors» – a method of representing power in a narrative based on the tradition of name-giving – have shown that Saxo's contemporary, Danish king Canute VI, is compared in the work with his namesake ancestors. These comparisons serve to glorify the ruler and find correspondence in the official privilege of the Lund Cathedral (1186), thus being elements of the «court ideology». The fact that the «Deeds of the Danes» contains criticism of Canute VI is explained by the later editing of the text. Hypothetically, the reworking of the text could have been caused by the death of Absalon and Canute VI, to whom the work was intended.
Relations between central and regional executive authorities in the context of preparation for radical market reforms in Russia at the end of 1991
Authors: Logvenkov Ilya Sergeevich
Published: November 2024

The paper examines the features of interaction between the central government and the regions within the RSFSR (oblasts, krais), the status of which implied direct subordination of the regional authorities to the central government, at the final stage of the Soviet Union. A detailed analysis of the first steps in creating the institute of presidential representatives, as well as the problems that hampered its functioning, is carried out. The results obtained are correlated with the main tasks of «shock therapy» to assess the conditions for implementing radical market reforms. The formulation of the problem and revision of the existing scientific concepts based on the inclusion of sources that have not been previously introduced into scientific circulation predetermine the scientific novelty of the work. An appeal to the office documentation of government bodies made it possible to identify a vast discrepancy between law enforcement practice and the legislation in force during the period under study in matters of organizing the work of the executive vertical. The regions within the RSFSR were excluded from the unified management system, and the policy of the leadership of the territories and regions turned out to be inconsistent with the general state course. An attempt to overcome this problem by creating an institution of presidential representatives by the end of 1991 did not yield significant results, since it did not receive the necessary personnel, organizational and resource support. It did not allow the country's leadership to overcome the trends of destruction of a unified economic space and increased social tension. Under these conditions, the success of the government's stabilization and reform efforts turned out to be unattainable in the short term.
A. V. Shemansky's contribution to the preservation of the former royal residence in Peterhof
Authors: Bondarev Sergei Viktorovich
Published: November 2024

The study is devoted to the activities of A.V. Shemansky in the museum organization established on the basis of the former Peterhof imperial residence in 1925–1937. A student of Leningrad University, who has gained experience in preserving the historical and artistic heritage in his native Tambov province, gets a job in the Management staff of the Peterhof palaces-museums. In the mid–1920s, there was an active search for new forms and contents of museums. Unsuccessful experiments led to the closure of expositions and the repurposing of former royal palaces for the needs of the young Soviet state. A.V. Shemansky joined the working group on the creation of a new type of museum exposition from the first days of his work. The study of the activities of A.V. Shemansky as deputy for scientific work made it possible to consider the policy of power in relation to the symbols of the royal system on the example of the Peterhof palace. The research methodology is based on the principles of historicism, objectivism and systematic scientific analysis. The article is based on extensive archival materials from various repositories and pre-war travel guides to Peterhof and the suburbs. The scientific activity of A.V. Shemansky has not yet become the subject of a separate study. The name of the Peterhof researcher is often found in studies of the biographies of his closest associates: N.I. Arkhipov and S.S. Geichenko. Also, the activity of our hero is noted in the works devoted to the method of thematic exposition. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that, based on specific historical material, the ways of creating museum expositions in the conditions of the prevailing state ideology are shown. The study reveals the importance of the role of A.V. Shemansky in the development and popularization of Peterhof Palace museums. A. V. Shemansky was a true guardian of cultural heritage, opposing the closure of museums and the transformation of historical sites into parks of culture and recreation. In the name of the true mission of the museum business, A. V. Shemansky sacrificed himself and survived a terrible ordeal, going through the investigation and the camp.
Global Paternity Leave as a DEI Initiative in Four Multinational Corporations
Authors: Bamford Agnes Marie
Published: November 2024

Abstract Studies of diversity, equity and inclusion (DEI) initiatives in corporations typically involve ethnic minorities or women. In this case study, however, the focus is on men, and a new DEI policy implemented successfully in four multinational corporations (MNCs), namely, paternity leave rights with global applicability. The MNCs’ rationale for introducing this policy, and the perception of it by male employees who have taken such leave are explored mainly through interviews. These fathers are working for one of the MNCs and based in the UK, the US, Brazil and Australia. The aim of the case study is twofold: (i) contribute new insights into how the MNCs discursively justify the global policy, and (ii) develop a contextual framework explaining the MNCs’ successful implementation, which involves both discursive and practical action. In terms of underlying corporate DEI discourses, they mainly emphasise either economic rationality, inclusion or fairness. Regarding factors influencing uptake, a supportive work culture, a standardised period of fully paid leave and formal replacement during leave turn out to be important for informants across all four MNCs.
Framing Diversity in Corporate Communication on Twitter and CSR Reports. A Corpus-Based Study
Authors: Cifalinò Andrea , Cutuli Erica
Published: November 2024

Abstract Nowadays, companies are required to produce annual reports on Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and consider the promotion of diversity as one of their fundamental values, particularly in terms of reputation and image (Fuoli 2018; Maier and Ravazzani 2018). Given its importance, diversity is included in companies’ communication planning (Mundy 2015). The aim of this work is to explore how eleven companies (Amazon, Calvin Klein and Pfizer among others) frame diversity and talk about it on their Twitter (now X) profiles and CSR reports over a timespan of five years (2018-2022), filling a gap in the literature which, to date, has mainly focused on the study of companies’ websites rather than their social media channels. To do this, we analysed a corpus of tweets and reports to identify recurring patterns and phrases related to diversity and inclusion. The findings reveal disparities between the two communication channels, with an overall positive framing of diversity, although the term is mainly used in passive voice constructions which indicate that as a principle and value it is far from being considered established in its own right.
Bonding Queer Icon. A Multimodal Analysis of the NYC DragCon 2019
Authors: Pizzo Raffaele
Published: November 2024

Abstract The word ‘icon’ usually refers to a symbol, a famous person admired by all, or a religious image used for worship. Twentieth and twenty-first century icons are also sacred images of secular societies that help construct collective identities and delineate the zeitgeist. Places can also be considered icons if looked through social semiotic lenses. Through Kress and van Leeuwen (2006) and O’Toole’s (1990; 1994; 2004) re-conceptualisations of Halliday’s Systemic Functional Linguistics (1994) and the concept of Bonding Icons (Stenglin 2008a; 2008b; 2012), this paper investigates the ways in which the New York City DragCon 2019 became a rallying and bonding place that both abstractly, through its website, and concretely, through the actual event, gave people a sense of belonging. The main goal of the study is to underline the extent to which the rallying and bonding is money-driven and to highlight the ties between consumerism and the concept of ‘icons selling icons’.
Higgs physics research: yesterday, today, and tomorrow
Authors: Zhou Chen , Zhu Yong-Feng , Guo Qian-Ying , Zhang Xuan-Hao , Zhang Ming-Tao , Geng Xin-Yue , He Jie-Han , Pan Cheng-Yang , Wang Yi-Pin , Yang Chu-Xue , Chen Jia-Hua ,   School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China,   State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
Published: November 2024

This article reviews the discovery of the Higgs boson, discusses the studies of its properties, and introduces the physical prospects of the future Higgs factories. The greatest goal of particle physics is to understand the fundamental particles of the universe and how they interact with each other (or more generally, how the universe operates). In the standard model of particle phyiscs, the Higgs mechanism is proposed to explain the origin of elementary particle mass and predict the existence of the Higgs boson. Higgs physics is one of the most important research areas in particle physics. The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) accelerates proton beams to collide at center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV, thus defining the world’s energy frontier. The ATLAS and CMS detectors are two general-purpose detectors at the LHC for studying the debris from the collisions. The Higgs boson was discovered in the ATLAS and CMS experiments in 2012. This discovery completed the fundamental particle spectrum of the standard model and was an important milestone for particle physics. Since then, many studies have been conducted on the properties of Higgs boson, including spin, mass and couplings, to deepen our understanding of the Higgs mechanism. In particular, the Higgs boson couplings to fermions and to themselves present new kinds of fundamental interactions with paramount significance, which have not been fully confirmed. Additionally, the Higgs bosons has become an important tool to search for dark matter, heavy resonance, and other new physical phenomena. So far, there has been no deviation from the predictions of the standard model. Looking forward to the future, it is proposed to use the electron-positron collisions to study the Higgs boson in more depth. Physics studies have shown that these Higgs factories can significantly improve the accuracy of many properties of the Higgs boson, including width and couplings, and provide great physics prospects.
Experimental measurement of state selective double electron capture in collision between 1.4–20 keV/u Ar8+ with He
Authors: Wu Yi-Jiao , Meng Tian-Ming , Zhang Xian-Wen , Tan Xu , Ma Pu-Fang , Yin Hao , Ren Bai-Hui , Tu Bing-Sheng , Zhang Rui-Tian , Xiao Jun , Ma Xin-Wen , Zou Ya-Ming , Wei Bao-Ren ,   Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion Beam Application of the Ministry of Education, Institute of Modern Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China,   Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, China
Published: November 2024

Electron capture in the collision of highly charged ions with atoms and molecules is a fundamental process related to the electron transition between bound states belonging to two atomic-centers. The X-ray emission after electron capture is important for X-ray astrophysical modeling, fusion plasma diagnostics, and ion irradiated biophysics. In the past few decades, momentum-imaging cold-target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy has been a significantly developed technique and widely used to measure the quantum state-selective population in electron capture processes. Based on the cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy installed on the 150 kV highly charged ion platform in Fudan University, Shanghai City, China, the state-selectivity of double electron capture in the bombardment of 1.4–20 keV/u Ar8+ on He is measured, and the relative cross sections of the 3l 3l' to 3l 7l' double excited states are obtained. It is found that with the increase of collision energy, more quantum state-selectivity channels are open in the double electron capture of Ar8+-He collision. It is also found that the relative cross section of the quantum state population is strongly dependent on the collision energy of the projectile ion. The present measurements not only enrich the state-selective cross-sectional library and collision dynamics of highly charged ion charge exchange processes, but also provide experimental benchmarks for existing theoretical calculations.
Rapid-transfer matrix method for analyzing electromagnetic properties of uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic media
Authors: Fan Jiu-Yang , Zhang Yu-Xian , Feng Xiao-Li , Huang Zhi-Xiang ,   School of Electronic and Engineering, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,   Information Materials and Intelligent Sensing Laboratory of Anhui Province, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China,   Industry-Education-Research Institute of Advanced Materials and Technology for Integrated Circuits, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Published: November 2024

Uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic materials are widespreadly used in manufacturing optical devices , owing to their distinctive electromagnetic response characteristics. To effectively analyze the electromagnetic properties of uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic materials, rapid-transfer matrix method (R-TMM) to investigate the propagation process of plane waves in the media is proposed. Starting from the Maxwell’s equations in the time domain, a homogeneous differential equation about the electric field is constructed by processing the matrix containing dielectric and magnetic conductivity, electric and magnetic loss, tellegen and chirality carrier parameters, and the complex matrix operation is applied to that equation to obtain the Booker quartic equation, and then the formulae method is utilized to obtain the eigenvalues in the uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic media. Subsequently, the tangential continuity of layered media at the interface is employed to establish a transfer matrix for single-layered media. In the case of multi-layered media, the transfer matrix of plane waves propagating in multi-layered uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic media can be obtained by means of a continuous iteration process based on the transfer matrix of single-layered media. The formula for calculating the propagation coefficients of uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic materials can be derived based on the different upward and downward waves in the reflection/transmission region. Finally, the reliability and efficiency of R-TMM are verified from two numerical experiments with the plane waves incident at different angles on uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic media. The first experiment is designed as a single-layered biaxial bianisotropic model with more general electromagnetic parameters, and the second experiment is designed as a double-layered uniaxial and biaxial bianisotropic model consisting of common optical materials, which are composed of two non-magnetic materials, lithium niobate (LiNbO3) and cadmium sulfide (CdS). The experimental results demonstrate that compared with the conventional conventional-transfer matrix method (C-TMM), the R-TMM reduces the computational memory and CPU time required for calculating the reflection and transmission coefficients of the uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic model by over 98%, while maintaining the accuracy of the reflection and transmission coefficient calculations. Therefore, R-TMM provides an efficient and dependable approach for the designing complex optical devices and analyzing uniaxial/biaxial bianisotropic propagation characteristics.
Temporal dynamics of viral fitness and the adaptive immune response in HCV infection
Authors: Walker Melanie R , Leung Preston , Keoshkerian Elizabeth , Pirozyan Mehdi R , Lloyd Andrew R , Luciani Fabio , Bull Rowena A
Published: November 2024

Numerous studies have shown that viral variants that elude the host immune response may incur a fitness expense, diminishing the survival of the viral strain within the host, and the capacity of the variant to survive future transmission events. Furthermore, co-occurring mutations outside the epitope regions targeted by the immune response may increase or decrease the likelihood of survival of the variant (known as epistasis). Analysis of viral fitness and epistasis over the non-structural protein regions is lacking for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Here, using a rare cohort of subjects very recently infected with HCV, we build upon our prior investigations by integrating mathematical modelling and experimental data to examine the interplay between the evolving transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses, the adaptive immune response, viral fitness, and co-occurring mutations. We show that viral fitness decreases during the first 90 days post-infection (DPI) associated with the magnitude of CD8+ T-cell responses and the initial level of diversification. Thereafter, viral fitness rebounds in a complex pattern of evolution characterized by multiple sets of co-occurring mutations. Finally, we show that an early and strong CD8+ T-cell response in the absence of neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) imposes a strong selective force on the T/F virus population, enabling the virus to escape and establish chronic infection. Understanding these dynamics is highly relevant for HCV vaccine design and supports a vaccine strategy that induces broad immunity targeting both T and B cell responses.
Rescuable sleep and synaptogenesis phenotypes in a Drosophila model of O-GlcNAc transferase intellectual disability
Authors: Czajewski Ignacy , Swain Bijayalaxmi , Xu Jiawei , McDowall Laurin , Ferenbach Andrew T , van Aalten Daan MF
Published: November 2024

O-GlcNAcylation is an essential intracellular protein modification mediated by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Recently, missense mutations in OGT have been linked to intellectual disability, indicating that this modification is important for the development and functioning of the nervous system. However, the processes that are most sensitive to perturbations in O-GlcNAcylation remain to be identified. Here, we uncover quantifiable phenotypes in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster carrying a patient-derived OGT mutation in the catalytic domain. Hypo-O-GlcNAcylation leads to defects in synaptogenesis and reduced sleep stability. Both these phenotypes can be partially rescued by genetically or chemically targeting OGA, suggesting that a balance of OGT/OGA activity is required for normal neuronal development and function.
Biases of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) in Physical Anthropology Studies Require a Reevaluation of Evolutionary Insights
Authors: Mohseni Nima , Elhaik Eran
Published: November 2024

Evolutionary biologists, primarily palaeoanthropologists, anatomists and ontogenists, employ modern geometric morphometrics to quantitatively analyse physical forms (e.g., skull morphology) and explore relationships, variations, and differences between samples and taxa using landmark coordinates. The standard approach comprises two steps: Generalised Procrustes Analysis (GPA) followed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA projects the superimposed data produced by GPA onto a set of uncorrelated variables, which can be visualised on scatterplots and used to draw phenetic, evolutionary, and ontogenetic conclusions. Recently, the use of PCA in genetic studies has been challenged. Due to PCA’s central role in morphometrics, we sought to evaluate the standard approach and claims based on PCA outcomes. To test PCA’s accuracy, robustness, and reproducibility using benchmark data of the crania of five papionin genera, we developed MORPHIX, a Python package for processing superimposed landmark data with classifier and outlier detection methods, which can be further visualised using various plots. Throughout this manuscript, we address the recent and contentious use of PCA in physical anthropology and phylogenetic inference, such as the case of
Homo Nesher Ramla
, an archaic hominin with a questionable taxonomy. We found that PCA outcomes are artefacts of the input data and are neither reliable, robust, nor reproducible as field members may assume. We also found that supervised machine learning classifiers are more accurate both for classification and detecting new taxa. Our findings raise concerns about PCA-based findings applied in 18,400 to 35,200 Physical anthropology studies. Our work can be used to evaluate prior and novel claims concerning the origins and relatedness of inter- and intra-species and improve phylogenetic and taxonomic reconstructions.
CXCR3-expressing myeloid cells recruited to the hypothalamus protect against diet-induced body mass gain and metabolic dysfunction
Authors: Mendes Natalia , Zanesco Ariane , Aguiar Cristhiane , Rodrigues-Luiz Gabriela F , Silva Dayana , Campos Jonathan , Camara Niels Olsen Saraiva , Moraes-Vieira Pedro , Araujo Eliana , Velloso Licio A
Published: November 2024

Microgliosis plays a critical role in diet-induced hypothalamic inflammation. A few hours after a high-fat diet (HFD), hypothalamic microglia shift to an inflammatory phenotype, and prolonged fat consumption leads to the recruitment of bone marrow-derived cells to the hypothalamus. However, the transcriptional signatures and functions of these cells remain unclear. Using dual-reporter mice, this study reveals that CX3CR1-positive microglia exhibit minimal changes in response to a HFD, while significant transcriptional differences emerge between microglia and CCR2-positive recruited myeloid cells, particularly affecting chemotaxis. These recruited cells also show sex-specific transcriptional differences impacting neurodegeneration and thermogenesis. The chemokine receptor CXCR3 is emphasized for its role in chemotaxis, displaying notable differences between recruited cells and resident microglia, requiring further investigation. Central immunoneutralization of CXCL10, a ligand for CXCR3, resulted in increased body mass and decreased energy expenditure, especially in females. Systemic chemical inhibition of CXCR3 led to significant metabolic changes, including increased body mass, reduced energy expenditure, elevated blood leptin, glucose intolerance, and decreased insulin levels. This study elucidates the transcriptional differences between hypothalamic microglia and CCR2-positive recruited myeloid cells in diet-induced inflammation and identifies CXCR3-expressing recruited immune cells as protective in metabolic outcomes linked to HFD consumption, establishing a new concept in obesity-related hypothalamic inflammation.