bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Caracterização dos atendimentos de um pronto-socorro público segundo o sistema de triagem de manchester
Authors: Silva Alessandra Dias Costa , Chianca Tânia Couto Machado , Pádua Danielle Resende , Guimarães Gilberto de Lima , Manzo Bruna Figueiredo , Correa Allana dos Reis
Published: June 2019

Objetivo: caracterizar la atención de pacientes clasificados por el Sistema de Triaje de Manchester (STM) en un gran hospital público. Estudio descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo que analizó 52.657 procesos de atención de pacientes con clasificación de riesgo en la entrada de urgencias y emergencias en 2015. Método: los datos eran recogidos en expedientes electrónicos y sometidos al análisis descriptivo por el programa Statistical Package for Social Sciences , versión 19.0. Resultados Y Discusión: predominio de población de sexo masculino (54,2%), promedio de 33 años de edad (IQ: 19-51). Las franjas de edad más frecuentes eran de adultos jóvenes entre 19 y 29 años (20,7%) y de adultos mayores (16,4%). Los niveles de prioridades clínicas más frecuentes eran urgente/amarillo (45,6%) y poco urgente/verde (33,4%) y los diagramas de flujo con más entradas eran problemas de extremidades (31,4%) y malestar en adultos (10,1%). El tiempo promedio entre el registro y la clasificación era de 6,2 minutos (IQ: 2,8-13). El tiempo promedio entre la clasificación de riesgo y la primera atención era de 20,1 minutos (IQ: 9,3-33,7) para emergencias/rojo, 18,5 (IQ:10,9-33,2) para muy urgente/anaranjado, 58,2 (IQ:30,2-111,2) para urgente/amarillo, 92,7 (46,9-177,3) para poco urgente/verde y 103,4 (IQ:41,5-209,6) para no urgente/azul. El desenlace más frecuente era el alta después de la consulta/medicación (61,3%). Conclusión: la reevaluación de flujos y procesos relacionados con la clasificación de riesgo y la atención inicial buscan mejorar la precisión de los registros y del tiempo de la primera atención, lo cual puede contribuir a la atención más calificada y resolutiva.
Unsupervised online multitask learning of behavioral sentence embeddings
Authors: Tseng Shao-Yen , Baucom Brian , Georgiou Panayiotis
Published: June 2019

Appropriate embedding transformation of sentences can aid in downstream tasks such as NLP and emotion and behavior analysis. Such efforts evolved from word vectors which were trained in an unsupervised manner using large-scale corpora. Recent research, however, has shown that sentence embeddings trained using in-domain data or supervised techniques, often through multitask learning, perform better than unsupervised ones. Representations have also been shown to be applicable in multiple tasks, especially when training incorporates multiple information sources. In this work we aspire to combine the simplicity of using abundant unsupervised data with transfer learning by introducing an online multitask objective. We present a multitask paradigm for unsupervised learning of sentence embeddings which simultaneously addresses domain adaption. We show that embeddings generated through this process increase performance in subsequent domain-relevant tasks. We evaluate on the affective tasks of emotion recognition and behavior analysis and compare our results with state-of-the-art general-purpose supervised sentence embeddings. Our unsupervised sentence embeddings outperform the alternative universal embeddings in both identifying behaviors within couples therapy and in emotion recognition.
A comparison of impact and risk assessment methods based on the IMO Guidelines and EU invasive alien species risk assessment frameworks
Authors: Srėbalienė Greta , Olenin Sergej , Minchin Dan , Narščius Aleksas
Published: June 2019

A comparative analysis of two risk assessment (RA) frameworks developed to support the implementation of the international Ballast Water Management Convention (BWMC) and European Regulation on Invasive Alien Species (IAS) was performed. This analysis revealed both differences and similarities between the IMO Risk Assessment Guidelines (IMO, 2007) and EU Regulation supplement on RA of IAS (EU, 2018) in RA approaches, key principles, RA components and categories of IAS impacts recommended for assessment. The results of this analysis were used to produce a common procedure for the evaluation of the bioinvasion risk and impact assessment methods intended to support international, regional and/or national policy on IAS. The procedure includes a scoring scheme to assess compliance with the key principles, RA components and categories of bioinvasion impacts taken into account by the methods. In these methods the categories of impacts on human health and economy are underrepresented comparing with impacts on environment.
Enzymatic Clarification and Preservation of Aloe vera Juice by Ohmic Heating
Authors: Bansode S. , Ranveer R. C. , Tapre A. R. , Ganorkar P. M. , Sadale S. B. , Sahoo A. K.
Published: June 2019

Aims: The aim of this study was to optimize clarification process of the Aloe vera juice followed by its preservation by ohmic heating as no systematic study has been conducted on these aspects.

Study Design: The enzymatic clarification method was used for clarification of Aloe vera juice by using the enzyme pectinase. The enzyme concentration, incubation temperature and time were optimized for clarification of juice. The Aloe vera juice was treated at different Time (min) gradients, current, initial temperature and after temperature at particular current gradient and the ohmic heated juice was then stored in sterilized bottles for further analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: Experiments were done in Department of Food Science and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, M.S. (India) and completed within 12 months.

Methodology: The optimal conditions for the enzymatic treatment of Aloe vera juice were investigated in order to minimize the turbidity of the juice and maximize the TSS of the juice. The clarified Aloe vera juice was then treated with ohmic heating at different time and current combinations and stored for 60 days to study the physic-chemical and microbial parameters of stored juice.

Results: The recommended enzymatic treatment conditions were: enzyme concentration 1% incubation time 6 h and incubation temperature 45ºC and the TSS, acidity and Turbidity under these conditions were 3.5ºBx, 0.30% and 206.66 NTU respectively. During storage, increased in TSS value from 2.1 to 2.6ºBx, acidity from 0.21 to 0.33% were recorded in ohmic treated juice samples. A very high TPC (102x105 CFU/ml) and yeast and mold count (68x105 CFU/ml) was recorded in untreated sample at 30 days of storage whereas the juice samples treated with ohmic heating at different time and current gradients were observed to be within the limit of standard requirement of microbial quality even up to 60 days of storage.

Conclusion: Enzymatic treatments can reduce the turbidity in Aloe vera juice. Ohmic treatment at different time and current gradients can preserve the clarified juice with respect to its microbial quality for more than 60 days.
Reversal of Hypermethylation in Tumor Suppressor Genes Using Phytochemicals in Cervical Cancer
Authors: . Saloni , Sharma Archita , Mathur Runjhun , Jha Abhimanyu Kumar
Published: June 2019

Cervical cancer is most familiar neoplasm among women worldwide. Surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are common treatments, however high stage tumors have frequently poor prognosis. HPV 16 and 18 are major etiological factors for cervical cancer. Likewise, epigenetics is the study of inherited changes and modulated gene expression without alteration in DNA sequences. In mammals epigenetic modifications include DNA methylation, histone modifications and miRNA.

Phytochemicals are mainly contained in fruits, seeds, and vegetables as well as in foods supplements. Numerous dietary compounds exhibit potent anti-tumor activities through the reversion of epigenetic alterations associated to oncogenes activation and inactivation of tumor suppressor genes in cervical cancer cell lines SiHa and HeLa, demethylation of the tumour suppressor genes such as RARβ2, MGMT, RASSF1A, DAPK etc. Reversal of hypermethylated genes as a tumor-suppressor gene, is related to inhibition of cell proliferation, development and differentiation. The impact of phytochemicals lead to the reversal of hypermethylation which may help to cure cervical cancer. This study concludes the effect of phytochemicals on genetic and epigenetic modifications and reveals how these modifications help to prevent various types of cancers and improve health outcomes.
African Skin: Different Types, Needs and Diseases
Authors: Oninla Olumayowa Abimbola , Oninla Samuel Olorunyomi , Otike-Odibi Bolaji Ibiesa , Oripelaye Mufutau Muphy , Olanrewaju Fatai Olatunde , Mohammed Tahir
Published: June 2019

Microscopic structures in the skin are basically the same in all races. Differences are found in histology and physiology of the skin resulting in different skin types, needs and prevailing skin diseases. Skin pigmentation (with the photo-protective properties), and the barrier function of the stratum corneum are the main differences between African and Caucasian skin.

The geographic distribution of UV radiation (UVR) has a positive correlation with geographical location. The darker-skinned populations are closer to the equator where there are high amounts of UVR especially in the tropical regions of the world. African skin has the greatest variability in skin color. Africa has both white and dark skinned individuals with the darker-skinned populations being mostly around the equator.         

Leslie Baumann introduced four parameters that more accurately characterized skin types than previous classification of dry, oily, normal and combination skin. These are dry or oily – D/O; sensitive or resistant – S/R; pigmented or non-pigmented – P/N, and wrinkled or unwrinkled skin – W/T. Combinations of these further produced sixteen skin phenotypes.  Dark skinned individuals often have the PT types while the light skinned mostly have the NW types.

Skin needs basically depends on the type. Identifying the skin type is fundamental to providing the right skin care. According to Baumann, the fundamental elements of skin care are mild cleansing, hydrating (moisturization with humectants and emollients), replenishing (with lipids, ceramides and fatty acids) and skin protection (UV protection and increased humidity).

Skin diseases are associated with skin type. Eczema is more typical in people with DS combinations while acne is associated with OS skin type (especially OSNT and OSPT). Prevalence of skin diseases varies within African communities from 35% to 87% with skin infections affecting 22-46% and eczemas 13-21% of patients in various studies.
Ruegeria
Authors: Wirth Joseph S. , Whitman William B.
Published: June 2019

Rue.ge'ri.a. N.L. fem. n.Ruegeriahonoring Hans‐Jürgen Rüger, a German microbiologist, for his contribution to the taxonomy of marine species ofAgrobacterium.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Ruegeria

Gram‐negative, aerobic, catalase‐ and oxidase‐ positive rods. Reproduces by normal cell division. Optimal growth typically occurs between 25 and 37°C, 2–3% (w/v) NaCl, and pH 6.5–8.5. Capable of utilizing a large variety of organic carbon sources. Every species tested can utilizel‐tyrosine as a sole source of carbon and energy. Most species can utilize at least one organic acid and at least one carbohydrate as a sole source of carbon and energy. Most species utilize acetate, citrate, malate, pyruvate, succinate, cellobiose, fructose,d‐galactose,d‐glucose, andd‐mannose as sole carbon and energy sources. The major fatty acid is C18:1ω7cor summed feature 8 (C18:1ω7c/ω6c). The major quinone is ubiquinone 10. Abundant in the surface layers of the ocean. Species have been isolated from marine sand, marine sediment, rhizosphere soil of mangrove trees, hot springs, the upper 3,000 m of marine environments, the brine–seawater interface, and the interiors of ark clams (Scapharca broughtonii), oysters, and sea squirts (Halocynthia roretzi). Most species are nonmotile. Members of the classAlphaproteobacteria, familyRhodobacteraceae. The type species isRuegeria atlantica.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 55–66.15 (HPLC, thermal denaturation, and/or genome sequencing).

Type species:Ruegeria atlantica(Rüger and Höfle 1992) Uchino, Hirata, Yokota and Sugiyama 1999, 2VP(Agrobacterium atlanticumRüger and Höfle 1992, 141).
H
ydrogenibacillus
Authors: Kämpfer Peter , Glaeser Stefanie P.
Published: June 2019

Hy.dro.ge.ni.ba.cil'lus. N.L. neut. n.
hydrogenum
hydrogen; L. masc. n.
bacillus
a small staff, a wand, a rod, and also a generic name; N.L. masc. n.
Hydrogenibacillus
hydrogen bacillus, referring to the ability of the organisms to oxidize hydrogen.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Hydrogenibacillus

DNA G + C (mol%)
: 67–68.

Type species
:
Hydrogenibacillus schlegelii
(Schenk and Aragno 1979) Kämpfer, Glaeser and Busse 2013, 1725
VP
(
Bacillus schlegelii
Schenk and Aragno 1981, 215).
O
ceanicaulis
Authors: Abraham Wolf‐Rainer
Published: June 2019

O.ce.a.ni.cau'lis. L. masc. n.
oceanus
the ocean; L. masc. n.
caulis
stalk, referring to a prosthecum; N.L. masc. n.
Oceanicaulis
stalk (ed organism) from the ocean.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Hyphomonadaceae / Oceanicaulis

Cells of
Oceanicaulis
species are dimorphic, stain Gram‐negative, and non‐spore‐forming. Cells are 1 µm by 3 µm and possess one prosthecum along the long cell axis from one pole. During binary fission, one cell possesses a prosthecum and the other develops a single polar flagellum. Prostheca stick at interfaces by adhesive material at its distal end. Colonies are round, convex, and nonpigmented. Aerobic and chemoorganotrophic. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite by most strains. Species show alkaline phosphatase, C4 esterase, C8 esterase lipase, leucine arylamidase, trypsin, and α‐chymotrypsin activities and medium to weak activities of valine arylamidase, cysteine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, and naphthol‐AS‐Bi‐phosphohydrolase. All strains grow with 20–90 g/l NaCl. Mesophilic. The polar lipids are α‐
d
‐glucopyranosyl diacylglycerol, α‐
d
‐glucopyranuronosyl diacylglycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, and sulfoquinovosyl diacylglycerol. The major fatty acids are C
18:1
ω7, C
18:0
, 7‐Me‐C
18:1
ω6, and C
19:0
; the main hydroxyl fatty acid is C
12:0
3‐OH. The main ubiquinone is Q‐10. Two species have been described:
Oceanicaulis alexandrii
and
Oceanicaulis stylophorae
. The members of the genus were isolated from marine dinoflagellates, corals, and sponges.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 61–62.

Type species
:
Oceanicaulis alexandrii
Strömpl, Hold, Lünsdorf, Graham, Gallacher, et al. 2003, 1905
VP
.
N
akamurellales
Authors: Chen Wen‐Feng , Tao Tian‐Shen
Published: June 2019

Na.ka.mu.rel.la′les. N.L. fem. n.
Nakamurella
type genus of the order; suff.
‐ales
ending to denote order; N.L. fem. pl. n.
Nakamurellales
the
Nakamurella
order.

Actinobacteria / Actinobacteria / Nakamurellales

Type genus
:
Nakamurella
Tao, Yue, Chen and Chen 2004, 999
VP
.
Robust Design of Dual‐Phasic Carbon Cathode for Lithium–Oxygen Batteries
Authors: Pham Hien Thi Thu , Kim Yeongsu , Kim Young‐Jun , Lee Jong‐Won , Park Min‐Sik
Published: June 2019

Given that the performance of a lithium–oxygen battery (LOB) is determined by the electrochemical reactions occurring on the cathode, the development of advanced cathode nanoarchitectures is of great importance for the realization of high‐energy‐density, reversible LOBs. Herein, a robust cathode design is proposed for LOBs based on a dual‐phasic carbon nanoarchitecture. The cathode is composed of an interwoven network of porous metal–organic framework (MOF) derived carbon (MOF‐C) and conductive carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The dual‐phasic nanoarchitecture incorporates the advantages of both components: MOF‐C provides a large surface area for the oxygen reactions and a large pore volume for Li2O2 storage, and CNTs provide facile pathways for electron and O2 transport as well as additional void spaces for Li2O2 accommodation. It is demonstrated that the synergistic nanoarchitecturing of the dual‐phasic MOF‐C/CNT material results in promising electrochemical performance of LOBs, as evidenced by a high discharge capacity of ≈10 050 mAh g−1 and a stable cycling performance over 75 cycles.
Nitrenium Ions from Amine‐Iodine(III) Combinations
Authors: Maiti Saikat , Alam Md Toufique , Bal Ankita , Mal Prasenjit
Published: June 2019

Hypervalent iodine compounds are known for their extensive use as potential oxidants in organic synthesis. In spite of the similar reactivity with transition metals, hypervalent iodine reagents are more preferred because of their environmental sustainability. Among several types of hypervalent iodine reagents, trivalent organoiodine(III) reagents are highly popular due to their easy accessibility, stability and controlled oxidizing reactivity. Also, iodine(III) reagents are commercially available and inexpensive. Amines and amides react with iodine(III) oxidants in some specific way to provide a divalent electrophilic ionic species known as a nitrenium ion. Depending on the nature and stability of the nitrenium ion, numerous oxidative transformations to generate valuable functional molecules have been reported. This review encompasses discussions about hypervalent organo iodine(III)‐enabled organic transformations with the involvement of a nitrenium ion as an intermediate.

magnified image
Is TAFRO syndrome a subtype of idiopathic multicentric Castleman disease?
Authors: Fujimoto Shino , Sakai Tomoyuki , Kawabata Hiroshi , Kurose Nozomu , Yamada Sohsuke , Takai Kazue , Aoki Sadao , Kuroda Junya , Ide Makoto , Setoguchi Keigo , Tsukamoto Norifumi , Iwao‐Kawanami Haruka , Kawanami Takafumi , Mizuta Shuichi , Fukushima Toshihiro , Masaki Yasufumi
Published: June 2019

Castleman disease (CD) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder that can be unicentric or multicentric. Multicentric CD (MCD) is further subdivided into human herpesvirus type‐8‐associated, POEMS syndrome‐associated, and idiopathic (iMCD). TAFRO syndrome is a newly identified disorder of unknown etiology characterized by thrombocytopenia, anasarca, fever, reticulin myelofibrosis, renal dysfunction, and organomegaly. The TAFRO syndrome is sometimes regarded as a subtype of iMCD (TAFRO‐iMCD), whereas iMCD without TAFRO syndrome is considered “not otherwise specified” (iMCD‐NOS). However, a proportion of patients with TAFRO syndrome have been diagnosed without lymph node biopsies (TAFRO syndrome without proven iMCD; TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD). To clarify the clinical features of iMCD‐NOS, TAFRO‐iMCD, and TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD, we retrospectively analyzed 220 patients extracted from the database of the Multicenter Collaborative Retrospective Study for Establishing the Concept of TAFRO Syndrome. The patients included 87 with iMCD‐NOS, 63 with TAFRO‐iMCD, and 19 with TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD. Patients in all three groups exhibited anemia, hypoalbuminemia, and elevated serum C‐reactive protein and interleukin‐6 levels. No significant differences in clinical, laboratory, and prognostic features were noted between the TAFRO‐iMCD, and TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD groups. However, the iMCD‐NOS group exhibited polyclonal hyper‐γ‐globulinemia. The five‐year survival rates of patients in the iMCD‐NOS and TAFRO‐involved groups were 100% and 66.5%, respectively (dropping markedly during the first few months in the latter). The iMCD‐NOS and the TAFRO‐iMCD samples typically showed plasma cell and mixed‐type histologies, respectively. Thus, iMCD can be classified into two distinct subtypes, iMCD‐NOS and TAFRO‐iMCD. As such, TAFRO‐iMCD and TAFRO‐w/op‐iMCD may be considered the same entity, requiring prompt diagnosis and intensive care.
Workplace breastfeeding support and job satisfaction among working mothers in the United States
Authors: Whitley Margaret D. , Ro Annie , Choi BongKyoo
Published: June 2019

Background

Job satisfaction is associated with health and productivity. Workplace support for breastfeeding may affect working mothers’ job satisfaction.

Methods

We analyzed responses from 488 women from the Infant Feeding Practices Study II (2005‐2007). Using logistic regression, we assessed whether workplace breastfeeding problems at 3 months postpartum were related to low job satisfaction concurrently and, for a subsample (n = 265), at 9 and 12 months postpartum.

Results

Compared with women reporting no problems, women reporting three or more problems had higher odds (odds ratio [OR] = 4.76; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.03‐11.18) of low job satisfaction at 3 months, and at 12 months (OR = 6.88, 95% CI: 1.33‐35.58) after controlling for baseline job satisfaction. Models isolating problems with break time and space to pump/nurse showed more modest results.

Conclusions

Work‐related breastfeeding problems at 3 months postpartum were associated with low job satisfaction concurrently and at follow‐up. Improving workplace breastfeeding accommodations could improve mothers’ job satisfaction.
The impact of industry and body part injured on repeat workers’ compensation claims
Authors: Keteyian Courtland , Schwatka Natalie , Dally Miranda , Tran Molly , Shore Erin , Weitzenkamp David , Newman Lee S.
Published: June 2019

Background

Few studies investigate the influence of body part injured and industry on future workers' compensation claims.

Methods

Using claims incurred from 1 January 2005 to 31 July 2015 (n = 77 494) from the largest workers' compensation insurer in Colorado, we assessed associations between worker characteristics, second claims involving any body part and the same body part. We utilized Cox proportional hazards models to approximate the probability of a second claim.

Results

First claims represented 74.9% (n = 58 007) and second claims 25.2% (n = 19 487) of total claims. Sex, age, industry, and body part of the first claim were associated with the probability of second claims and the body part affected. The 5‐year probabilities of second claims and same body part second claims were 27.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26.6%‐27.5%) and 6.2% (95% CI: 5.9%‐6.5%) in males and 26.5% (95% CI: 26.0%‐27.0%) and 6.7% (95% CI: 6.5%‐7.0%) in females. Most second claims occurred within 3 years.

Conclusions

Most second claims occur within 3 years. Body part and industry‐specific injury patterns suggest missed opportunities for prevention.
Change in prevalence of asbestos‐related disease among sheet metal workers 1986 to 2016
Authors: West Gavin H. , Sokas Rosemary K. , Welch Laura S.
Published: June 2019

Background

A medical screening program began in 1986 for sheet metal workers exposed to asbestos, primarily while working alongside insulators applying spray‐on asbestos materials, a practice banned in 1973. Exposure continues during maintenance, renovation, and repair.

Methods

Radiographic abnormalities among 26 397 sheet metal workers examined from 1986 to 2016 were analyzed by year of entry into the trade. Logistic regression was used to examine risk factors for parenchymal and pleural abnormalities among the overall study population and among the subcohort who entered the trade after 1973.

Results

Prevalence of parenchymal disease was 17.4% for those starting work before 1950 compared with 0.8% for those starting work after 1973 (adjusted prevalence odds ratio [pOR] = 26.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 18.46‐38.46). For each calendar year after 1973, entering the trade 1 year later was associated with an estimated 12.7% decreased odds of acquiring asbestos‐related disease (adjusted pOR = 0.873, 95% CI = 0.832‐0.916).

Conclusion

Sheet metal workers who began work after the US implemented environmental and occupational regulations develop asbestos‐related disease at much reduced rates, consistent with regulatory projections made for nonmalignant asbestos‐related disease by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration at the time. Cancer remains a concern among this cohort, and lung cancer screening recommendations should consider year of entry into the trade. This study highlights the importance of regulatory intervention and of continued surveillance.
Evidence of genetic monogamy in the lemur Indri (Indri indri)
Authors: Bonadonna Giovanna , Torti Valeria , De Gregorio Chiara , Valente Daria , Randrianarison Rose Marie , Pozzi Luca , Gamba Marco , Giacoma Cristina
Published: June 2019

Monogamy is a rare strategy among mammals but relatively common among primates. The study of the evolution of monogamy in mammals and primates is lacking empirical studies that assess the relationship between a pair‐living social organization and genetic monogamy. Sexual or genetic monogamy can only be assessed by performing molecular analyses and investigating rates of extra‐pair paternity (EPP). Studying the occurrence of EPP can provide valuable insights into reproductive strategies and their adaptive value. The indri is a pair‐living primate that lives in stable groups. Their social units are composed of the reproductive pair and up to four more individuals, but extra‐pair copulation (EPC) can occur. This raises the question of whether this event may or may not lead to EPP. Here, we investigated whether a pair‐living social organization corresponds to genetic monogamy in indris (Indri indri). We analyzed the paternity of 12 offspring from seven pairs using a set of six microsatellite loci on fecal samples (mean number of alleles 11.7 ± 1.8 (mean ± standard deviation). We found that in 92% of cases the genetic profile of the offspring matched the paired male of the group for all the loci considered. In the only case of paternity mismatch, the paternity assignment remained inconclusive. Our results show thatI. indrigenetic monogamy is the norm and supports the hypothesis that pair‐living social organization is associated with low EPP rate. Also, our results are in contrast with the hypothesis of infertility as a reason to engage in EPC for this species.
Terminal Diazirines Enable Reverse Polarization Transfer from 15N2 Singlets
Authors: Zhang Guannan , Colell Johannes F. P. , Glachet Thomas , Lindale Jacob R. , Reboul Vincent , Theis Thomas , Warren Warren S.
Published: June 2019

Diazirine moieties are chemically stable and have been incorporated into biomolecules without impediment of biological activity. The 15N2 labeled diazirines are appealing motifs for hyperpolarization supporting relaxation protected states with long‐lived lifetimes. The (‐CH15N2) diazirine groups investigated here are analogues to methyl groups, which provides the opportunity to transfer polarization stored on a relaxation protected (‐CH15N2) moiety to 1H, thus combining the advantages of long lifetimes of 15N polarization with superior sensitivity of 1H detection. Despite the proximity of 1H to 15N nuclei in the diazirine moiety, 15N T1 times of up to (4.6±0.4) min and singlet lifetimes Ts of up to (17.5±3.8) min are observed. Furthermore, we found terminal diazirines to support hyperpolarized 1H2 singlet states in CH2 groups of chiral molecules. The singlet lifetime of 1H singlets is up to (9.2±1.8) min, thus exceeding 1H T1 relaxation time (at 8.45 T) by a factor of ≈100.
Cell‐Penetrating Dynamic‐Covalent Benzopolysulfane Networks
Authors: Cheng Yangyang , Zong Lili , López‐Andarias Javier , Bartolami Eline , Okamoto Yasunori , Ward Thomas R. , Sakai Naomi , Matile Stefan
Published: June 2019

Cyclic oligochalcogenides (COCs) are emerging as promising systems to penetrate cells. Clearly better than and different to the reported diselenolanes and epidithiodiketopiperazines, we introduce the benzopolysulfanes (BPS), which show efficient delivery, insensitivity to inhibitors of endocytosis, and compatibility with substrates as large as proteins. This high activity coincides with high reactivity, selectively toward thiols, exceeding exchange rates of disulfides under tension. The result is a dynamic‐covalent network of extreme sulfur species, including cyclic oligomers, from dimers to heptamers, with up to nineteen sulfurs in the ring. Selection from this unfolding adaptive network then yields the reactivities and selectivities needed to access new uptake pathways. Contrary to other COCs, BPS show high retention on thiol affinity columns. The identification of new modes of cell penetration is important because they promise new solutions to challenges in delivery and beyond.
Copper(I)‐Catalyzed Enantioconvergent Borylation of Racemic Benzyl Chlorides Enabled by Quadrant‐by‐Quadrant Structure Modification of Chiral Bisphosphine Ligands
Authors: Iwamoto Hiroaki , Endo Kohei , Ozawa Yu , Watanabe Yuta , Kubota Koji , Imamoto Tsuneo , Ito Hajime
Published: June 2019

The first copper(I)‐catalyzed enantioselective borylation of racemic benzyl chlorides has been realized by a quadrant‐by‐quadrant structure modulation of QuinoxP*‐type bisphosphine ligands. This reaction converts racemic mixtures of secondary benzyl chlorides into the corresponding chiral benzylboronates with high enantioselectivity (up to 92 % ee). The results of mechanistic studies suggest the formation of a benzylic radical intermediate. The results of DFT calculations indicate that the optimal bisphosphine‐copper(I) catalyst engages in noncovalent interactions that efficiently recognize the radical intermediate, and leads to high levels of enantioselectivity.
A Phthalocyanine‐Based Layered Two‐Dimensional Conjugated Metal–Organic Framework as a Highly Efficient Electrocatalyst for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Zhong Haixia , Ly Khoa Hoang , Wang Mingchao , Krupskaya Yulia , Han Xiaocang , Zhang Jichao , Zhang Jian , Kataev Vladislav , Büchner Bernd , Weidinger Inez M. , Kaskel Stefan , Liu Pan , Chen Mingwei , Dong Renhao , Feng Xinliang
Published: June 2019

Layered two‐dimensional (2D) conjugated metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent a family of rising electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), due to the controllable architectures, excellent electrical conductivity, and highly exposed well‐defined molecular active sites. Herein, we report a copper phthalocyanine based 2D conjugated MOF with square‐planar cobalt bis(dihydroxy) complexes (Co‐O4) as linkages (PcCu‐O8‐Co) and layer‐stacked structures prepared via solvothermal synthesis. PcCu‐O8‐Co 2D MOF mixed with carbon nanotubes exhibits excellent electrocatalytic ORR activity (E1/2=0.83 V vs. RHE, n=3.93, and jL=5.3 mA cm−2) in alkaline media, which is the record value among the reported intrinsic MOF electrocatalysts. Supported by in situ Raman spectro‐electrochemistry and theoretical modeling as well as contrast catalytic tests, we identified the cobalt nodes as ORR active sites. Furthermore, when employed as a cathode electrocatalyst for zinc–air batteries, PcCu‐O8‐Co delivers a maximum power density of 94 mW cm−2, outperforming the state‐of‐the‐art Pt/C electrocatalysts (78.3 mW cm−2).
Magnetic silk fibroin composite nanofibers for biomedical applications: Fabrication and evaluation of the chemical, thermal, mechanical, and in vitro biological properties
Authors: Lalegül‐Ülker Özge , Vurat Murat Taner , Elçin Ayşe Eser , Elçin Yaşar Murat
Published: June 2019

Magnetically responsive polymer composites have great potential for use in diverse biomedical applications. In this study, composite biomaterials consisting of silk fibroin (SF) and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were fabricated by the electrospinning method. Two different methods were employed to incorporate the SPIONs into the SF nanofibers. In the first encapsulation method (M1), SPIONs (1.0, 3.0, and 5.0 wt%) were initially included in the electrospinning solution. In the second dip‐coating method (M2), electrospun SF nanofiber mats were immersed in the aqueous suspensions of SPIONs (10, 30 and 50% v/v). Then, the pure and composite silk fibroin composite mats were comparatively evaluated for their morphological, chemical, magnetic, mechanical and in vitro biological properties, by using a number of methods including SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, EDS, VSM, TGA, mechanical tensile tests, as well as by indirect in vitro cytotoxicity and in vitro hemocompatibility analyses. Overall findings suggested that, while M1 nanofiber mats could be a suitable candidate for use in tissue engineering as a magnetically responsive cytocompatible scaffold, the M2 nanofiber mats perhaps could be more appropriate as an interface for triggering the in vitro stem cell differentiation and/or biosensor applications. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 48040.
Polyaniline nanofibers and porous Ni[OH]2sheets coated carbon fabric for high performance super capacitor
Authors: Uppugalla Susmitha , Srinivasan Palaniappan
Published: June 2019

In this work, we used combination of two materials as a hybrid electrode material for supercapacitor. Ni(OH)2was coated on carbon fabric via electrochemical synthesis, and polyaniline salt was coated on Ni(OH)2‐coated carbon fabric viain situchemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in aqueous acidic medium (PNCF). For comparison, polyaniline salt was coated on bare carbon fabric (PCF) by same procedure. These fabrics were characterized by Raman, FE‐SEM, and EDAX and also were used as electrodes in symmetric supercapacitor cell. These cells were evaluated using cyclic voltammetry, charge–discharge and impedance spectral measurements. PNCF showed high energy density of 100 W h kg−1at a power density of 175 W kg−1and even at a high power density (875 W kg−1), it showed high energy density (74 W h kg−1). PNCF also showed 71% retention capacitance after 25 000 cycles at 1 A g−1. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2019,136, 48042.
A Bifunctional Luminescent Metal–Organic Framework for the Sensing of Paraquat and Fe3+ Ions in Water
Authors: Chen Hongjuan , Fan Peng , Tu Xingxin , Min Hui , Yu Xianyong , Li Xiaofang , Zeng Ju‐Lan , Zhang Shaowei , Cheng Peng
Published: June 2019

The hydrothermal reaction of Zn2+ ions with a mixture of two ligands, Hcptpy and H3btc (Hcptpy=4‐(4‐carboxyphenyl)‐2,2′:4′,4′′‐terpyridine; H3btc=1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid), led to the formation of a 3D metal–organic framework (MOF) with 1D channels, [Zn2(cptpy)(btc)(H2O)]n (1), which was structurally characterized by using single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction (SXRD). In MOF 1, two independent Zn2+ ions were interconnected by btc3− ligands to form a 1D chain, whilst adjacent Zn2+ ions were alternately bridged by cptpy− ligands to generate a 2D sheet, which was further linked by 1D chains to form a 3D framework with a new (3,3,4,4)‐connected topology. Furthermore, compound 1 also exhibited excellent stability towards air and water and, more importantly, luminescence experiments indicated that it could serve as a probe for the sensitive detection of paraquat (PAQ) and Fe3+ ions in aqueous solution.
Kinetic modeling as a tool to understand the influence of cell culture process parameters on the glycation of monoclonal antibody biotherapeutics
Authors: Agarwal Nitin , Mason Alison , Pradhan Rahul , Kemper Jan , Bosley Allen , Serfiotis‐Mitsa Dimitra , Wang Jihong , Lindo Viv , Ahuja Sanjeev , Hatton Diane , Savery James , Miro‐Quesada Guillermo
Published: June 2019

Glycation, the nonenzymatic reaction between the reducing sugar glucose and the primary amine residues on amino acid side chains, commonly occurs in the cell culture supernatant during production of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). While glycation has the potential to impact efficacy and pharmacokinetic properties for mAbs, the most common undesirable impact of glycation is on the distribution of charged species, often a release specification for commercial processes. Existing empirical approaches are usually insufficient to rationalize the effects of cell line and process changes on glycation. To address this gap, we developed a kinetic model for estimating mAb glycation levels during the cell culture process. The rate constant for glycation, including temperature and pH dependence, was estimated by fitting the kinetic model to time‐course glycation data from bioreactors operated at different process settings that yielded a wide range of glycation values. The parameter values were further validated by independently estimating glycation rate constants using cell‐free incubation studies at various temperatures. The model was applied to another mAb, by re‐estimating the activation energy to account for effect of a glycation “hotspot”. The model was further utilized to study the role of temperature shift as an approach to reduce glycation levels in the manufacturing process for mAb2. While a downshift in temperature resulted in lowering of glycation levels for mAb2, the model helped elucidate that this effect was caused due to contribution from changes in glucose consumption, mAb secretion and temperature, instead of a direct impact of temperature alone on the kinetic rate of glycation.
Coronary‐subclavian steal syndrome, an easily overlooked entity in interventional cardiology
Authors: De Roeck Frederic , Tijskens Maxime , Segers Vincent F. M.
Published: June 2019

Coronary‐subclavian steal syndrome (CSSS) is a severe complication of coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery with internal mammary artery grafting. It is caused by functional graft failure due to a hemodynamically significant proximal subclavian artery stenosis. In this manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review of literature and we report a series of five consecutive CSSS cases. This case series illustrates the variable clinical presentation, thereby emphasizing the importance of raised awareness concerning this pathology in CABG patients.
Aerobic Self‐Esterification of Alcohols Assisted by Mesoporous Manganese and Cobalt Oxide
Authors: Moharreri Ehsan , Biswas Sourav , Deljoo Bahareh , Kriz David , Lim Seyoung , Elliott Sarah , Dissanayake Shanka , Dabaghian Marina , Aindow Mark , Suib Steven L.
Published: June 2019

Aerobic self‐esterification of primary alcohols catalyzed by mesoporous metal oxides (manganese and cobalt oxides) is reported under base and solvent free conditions. For a range of aliphatic alcohols, up to 90 % conversions to esters was achieved. The catalytic reaction is likewise applicable to neat aldehydes as substrates with yields of up to 86 %. High pressure batch reaction for ethanol to ethyl acetate led to 22 % yield. Isotope labeling studies indicated decarboxylation on the catalyst surface. Mechanistic and kinetic experiments implicate oxygen rebound and α‐carbon removal as intermediate steps. Mesoporous cobalt oxide showed about 20 % higher catalytic activity compared to mesoporous manganese oxide.
Palladium‐ and Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Carbene CAr−H Functionalization of γ‐Amino‐α‐diazoesters for the Synthesis of Tetrahydroquinolines
Authors: Solé Daniel , Amenta Arianna , Bennasar M.‐Lluïsa , Fernández Israel
Published: June 2019

A synthetic method to prepare tetrahydroquinoline‐4‐carboxylic acid esters has been developed through the transition‐metal‐catalyzed intramolecular aromatic C−H functionalization of α‐diazoesters. Both [{Pd(IMes)(NQ)}2] (IMes=1,3‐dimesitylimidazol‐2‐ylidene, NQ=1,4‐naphthoquinone) and the first‐generation Grubbs catalyst proved effective for this purpose. The ruthenium catalyst was found to be the most versatile, although in a few cases the palladium complex afforded better yields or selectivities. According to DFT calculations, Pd0‐ and RuII‐catalyzed sp2‐CAr−H functionalization proceeds through different reaction mechanisms. Thus, the Pd0‐catalyzed reaction involves a Pd‐mediated 1,6‐H migration from the sp2‐CAr−H bond to the carbene carbon atom, followed by a reductive elimination process. In contrast, electrophilic addition of the ruthenacarbene intermediate to the aromatic ring and subsequent 1,2‐proton migration are operative in the Grubbs catalyst promoted reaction.
Higher nicotinic receptor availability in the cingulo‐insular network is associated with lower cardiac parasympathetic tone
Authors: Garibotto Valentina , Corpataux Thibault , Dupuis‐Lozeron Elise , Haller Sven , Fontolliet Timothée , Picard Fabienne
Published: June 2019

The dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and the anterior insula (AI) constitute the salience network and form as well the major cortical components of the central autonomic nervous system. These two cortical regions have the highest density in α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) within the whole cortex.The aim of the study was to test the association between nAChRs density/availability in the salience network and the heart rate variability in humans. We selected subjects from a previous positron emission tomography (PET) imaging study in epilepsy with 18F‐FA‐85380, a specific marker for α4β2 nAChRs, including 10 healthy controls, 10 patients with nonlesional focal epilepsy and 8 patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy. Participants underwent a 10 min‐resting electrocardiogram as they were lying still in a semi‐supine position while watching an emotionally neutral video. We tested the association between parasympathetic tone and the regional brain nAChR availability, as measured by 18F‐F‐A‐85380 binding potential (BP), using linear regression. We observed an association between higher nAChRs availability in the bilateral dACC and the right dorsal AI/frontal operculum and a lower parasympathetic tone, without significant effect of the clinical group on this relation. Our study is the first one to show a neurochemical correlate to the parasympathetic role of the anterior cingulate cortex and the AI. The nicotinic system, which plays a major role in the peripheral autonomic nervous system intervening both in the parasympathetic and sympathetic chains, seems also to play a role in the central autonomic nervous system.
The Synthesis and Optoelectronic Applications for Tellurophene‐Based Small Molecules and Polymers
Authors: Wu Xiaoxi , Lv Lei , Hu Lifang , Shi Qinqin , Peng Aidong , Huang Hui
Published: June 2019

Tellurophene‐based small molecules and polymers have received great attentions owing to their applications in thin‐film transistors, solar cells, and sensors. This article reviews the current progress of the synthesis and applications of tellurophene‐based small molecules and polymers. The physicochemical properties and optoelectronic applications of tellurophene‐based materials are summarized and discussed. In the end, the challenges and outlook of tellurophene‐based materials are presented.
A Cerium‐Containing Metal‐Organic Framework: Synthesis and Heterogeneous Catalytic Activity toward Fenton‐Like Reactions
Authors: Dang Giao H. , Tran Y. B. N. , Pham Toan V. , Pham Vu T. , Luu Nhu T. H. , Nguyen Hieu D. , Nguyen Phuong T. K. , Nguyen Huong T. D. , Truong Thanh
Published: June 2019

A cerium‐based metal‐organic framework, namely MOF‐589, was synthesized using benzoimidephenanthroline tetracarboxylic acid (H4BIPA‐TC) as an organic linker. Full characterization including single‐crystal and powder X‐ray diffraction analysis, thermogravimetrical analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and N2 adsorption measurements at low pressure and 77 K were carried out. The material was employed as an efficient heterogeneous catalyst for decomposition of methylene blue (MB) dye (40 ppm) in the presence of H2O2 in 15 minutes. Interestingly, comparison studies showed that the activity of MOF 589 was higher than that of other iron‐based heterogeneous and cerium‐based catalysts. Further experiments to clarify the MOF 589 activity indicated that the BIPA‐TC linker might have an important impact through a cooperative effect on the metal cluster. Control studies confirmed that the presence of catalyst was necessary for the reaction to occur and the catalyst recyclability. In particular, catalysis from leached cerium in the reaction filtrate is unlikely and the solid material could be reused at least eight times without a remarkable loss in activity.
The Current and Future Potential of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation With Electroencephalography in Psychiatry
Authors: Hui Jeanette , Tremblay Sara , Daskalakis Zafiris J.
Published: June 2019

The search for biological targets in psychiatric disorders is essential to better understand illness mechanisms and also to monitor and predict response to currently available therapeutic interventions. To this end, the combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation with electroencephalography (TMS‐EEG) has emerged as a powerful clinical research tool. TMS‐EEG allows cortical properties, such as excitability, inhibition, oscillatory activity, and connectivity, to be directly probed within a specific region of the cortex. This review will summarize the state of the current literature on TMS‐EEG and its potential to uncover biological targets in psychiatric illnesses, with a focus on major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia. Collectively, the reviewed studies suggest that alterations in gamma‐aminobutyric acid‐mediated inhibition and gamma oscillations in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and neighboring frontal regions are potential shared biomarkers in psychiatry, highlighting the potential of TMS‐EEG to help identify translational biomarkers.
Invasive and Noninvasive Brain Stimulation in Parkinson's Disease: Clinical Effects and Future Perspectives
Authors: Chen Kai‐Hsiang Stanley , Chen Robert
Published: June 2019

In this review, we discuss the clinical and electrophysiological effects and the future directions of invasive and noninvasive brain stimulations in Parkinson's disease (PD). Deep brain stimulation (DBS) can improve motor symptoms in moderate to advanced PD. However, the optimal stimulation paradigm for nonmotor symptoms (NMS), freezing of gait, and the optimal timing of DBS are still under investigation. The findings of pathological oscillations and abnormal frequency to amplitude coupling provide models to develop adaptive DBS. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) revealed abnormal cortical excitability and plasticity in PD. Consecutive sessions of high‐frequency, repetitive TMS on the motor cortex showed promising results. Paired TMS and DBS at specific times provided a novel way to investigate PD pathophysiology and have potential as a future treatment. Transcranial direct current stimulation or transcranial alternating current stimulation with multifocal electrodes or at specific phases of oscillation are also potential future strategies.