bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Qu’est-ce que le suffisantisme ?
Authors: Gosseries Axel
Published: April 2012

La présente contribution vise à offrir au lecteur une présentation de la doctrine suffisantiste de la justice, de ses justifications générales et spécifiques et de son articulation possible avec d’autres théories de la justice. Elle explore certains aspects plus particuliers tels que la place de la responsabilité en son sein, son applicabilité au domaine intergénérationnel ou son positionnement par rapport à la question des « vies-complètes ». Elle montre aussi en quoi, quelles que soient les faiblesses possibles de cette doctrine, elle présente des caractéristiques la rendant non redondante, en particulier par rapport à l’égalitarisme du leximin.
Papillome ou Tubuca, des tricots uniques du ça ?
Authors: Claudepierre Tigirlas Luminitza
Published: April 2012

Quelques créations-interprétations de deux cures ouvrent à la problématique d’un certain truchement des jaillissements translinguistiques via un trait qui signe le retour des traumatismes refoulés. De quelle manière les traces incestueuses de l’Idéal du moi, rendent-elles perméables les frontières linguistiques pour telle femme qui demande en rêve une boisson inédite que son inconscient nomme Tubuca ? Ou pour tel homme qui retrouve son souffle à travers l’analyse de son lapsus Papillome ? Les formations de l’inconscient de ces deux analysants dévoilent leur rapport au trait unaire prélevé sur la langue. Ce trait identificatoire est la seule commémoration qui reste de la conjonction entre la langue maternelle et l’inconscient où le signifiant ne demande qu’à venir contaminer le savoir insu avec lequel se débat le sujet… Les vocables de l’Autre qui donnent consistance à l’aire des sensations pulsionnelles de l’infans retrouvent leur sonorité dans le transfert. La coupure subjective, que l’acte analytique introduit dans la jouissance de la lalangue, atteint la lutte à mort du signifiant et dénoue la perspective d’assimiler l’Idéal du moi à un trait de fiction.
À propos du narcissisme. Seconde partie
Authors: Renaud André
Published: April 2012

Dans le précédent numéro, une première partie présentait les théorisations successives de Freud sur le narcissisme et celles plus contemporaines de Kernberg. Dans cette seconde partie, plus clinique, l’auteur tente de démontrer un continuum entre le narcissisme normal et pathologique, d’expliquer les pathologies du narcissisme et le fonctionnement mental conséquent selon la sévérité des pathologies et des régressions. Il aborde aussi les problématiques suscitées dans les relations transféro-contre-transférentielles.
Interprétation et interprétariat : chassé-croisé en thérapies analytiques plurilingues
Authors: Boivin Isabelle , Brisset Camille , Leanza Yvan
Published: April 2012

Cet article porte sur l’interprétation, processus au coeur de l’activité aussi bien de l’interprète communautaire que du thérapeute d’approche analytique. Chacun agit selon une démarche particulière, sur une base de référents théoriques et techniques propres à sa profession ou à sa fonction ; et tous deux reçoivent un ensemble d’informations qu’ils doivent comprendre, transformer et transmettre à nouveau. Cependant, ni l’un ni l’autre ne se positionne comme simple passeur d’information, mais bien comme interlocuteur à part entière dans un dialogue à trois, participant à la construction d’une intercompréhension. Les auteurs passent en revue des notions clés de la thérapie analytique, comme la neutralité, le transfert et le contre-transfert, qui doivent être repensées dans le cas où un interprète communautaire est nécessaire pour établir le dialogue. Il apparaît qu’interprète et thérapeute doivent se questionner sur la place à accorder à la neutralité et à leur propre subjectivité dans la communication, en fonction des objectifs thérapeutiques.
Nationalism, Secularism and Liberal Neutrality: The Danish Case of Judges and Religious Symbols
Authors: Holtug Nils
Published: April 2012

In 2009, a law was passed in the Danish parliament, according to which judges cannot wear religious symbols in courts of law. First, I trace the development of this legislation from resistance to Muslim religious practices on the nationalist right to ideas in mainstream Danish politics about secularism and state neutrality – a process I refer to as ‘liberalization’. Second, I consider the plausibility of such liberal justifications for restrictions on religious symbols in the public sphere and, in particular, for the ban on the wearing of religious symbols by judges. I argue that such justifications are flawed and so are not plausible corollaries of anti-Islamic justifications originating on the nationalist right.
Corps et identité au grand âge
Authors: Feillet Raymonde , Héas Stéphane , Bodin Dominique
Published: April 2012

Cette étude réalisée auprès de personnes âgées de plus de 88 ans, vivant en Établissement d’hébergement pour personnes âgées dépendantes (ÉHPAD), éclaire des trajectoires du vieillissement diversifiées. Le corps étudié dans « tous ses états » permet de dépasser la seule dimension biologique et d’introduire les activités physiques et sportives (APS) comme outils pour préserver l’image de soi. Ces pratiques permettent de développer des stratégies pour combattre la vulnérabilité de son image à partir de la réduction des tensions s’appliquant au point « d’équilibre identitaire ». Cette notion a été introduite pour tenter de sortir de l’opposition continuité vs changement identitaire.
Le vieillissement professionnel sous tension
Authors: Pernigotti Elisabetta , Tremblay1 Diane-Gabrielle
Published: April 2012

Les discours médiatiques et institutionnels posent de plus en plus le vieillissement comme un enjeu majeur du moment et un fait homogène. Mais comment le genre et la classe se transforment-ils dans et par le vieillissement professionnel ? En nous focalisant sur des contextes professionnels en tension, car touchés par la crise financière et économique, ainsi que par la comparaison entre deux groupes socioprofessionnels ayant des niveaux de qualification polarisés, nous avons constaté que le vieillissement est un moment « révélateur » et de recomposition des différences de genre et de classe. Sur la base d’une approche fondée sur le parcours de vie et la prise en compte des interactions entre les sphères de travail professionnel et familial, nous avons constaté que le rapport au travail et le positionnement sur le marché sont fortement contrastés, les différences plus importantes se présentant entre les fins de carrière des hommes du groupe des cadres et ceux des femmes ouvrières.
Finir ses jours chez soi
Authors: Pott Murielle , Seferdjeli Laurence , Foley Rose-Anna
Published: April 2012

La fin de vie à domicile a été peu étudiée sous l’angle de l’articulation des logiques domestiques et professionnelles. L’approche interactionniste permet de comprendre comment se négocie l’important travail requis pour assurer le confort et la sécurité de malades souvent âgés. Une étude qualitative menée auprès de tous les acteurs engagés dans la prise en charge de quatre personnes âgées souhaitant finir leur jour chez elles a permis de mettre au jour un ordre négocié qui favorise la solidarité familiale et le maintien d’une belle image, au détriment de la santé des aidantes âgées.
Des recherches vers un Québec sans pauvreté au goût des acteurs concernés
Authors: Gagnon Éric , Labrie Vivian
Published: April 2012

Une consultation a été réalisée au printemps et à l’été 2010 sur les recherches à mener dans l’esprit et le sillage de la Loi visant à lutter contre la pauvreté et l’exclusion sociale. Le présent article fait état de quelques-uns des principaux constats de la consultation, ainsi que de certains accords et désaccords entre les participants. Il porte une attention particulière aux enjeux que soulève la participation des quatre groupes d’acteurs pressentis à la réalisation des recherches, tant au plan de leur conception que de leur réalisation et de leur diffusion. Il plaide finalement en faveur de recherches répondant aux attentes croisées qui se dégagent de cette consultation, comme façon d’expliciter et de discuter les présupposés des recherches, et ainsi d’en accroître la rigueur.
Silences, silence
Authors: Tremblay Gilles
Published: April 2012

La responsable de ce numéro a rassemblé une collection de six textes d’analyse du compositeur québécois Gilles Tremblay. En annexe, on retrouve une bibliographie chronologique des textes et travaux consacrés à ce créateur.
Interventions for High Body Mass Index in Children and Adolescents
Authors:   US Preventive Services Task Force, Nicholson Wanda K. , Silverstein Michael , Wong John B. , Chelmow David , Coker Tumaini Rucker , Davis Esa M. , Donahue Katrina E. , Jaén Carlos Roberto , Krousel-Wood Marie , Lee Sei , Li Li , Rao Goutham , Ruiz John M. , Stevermer James , Tsevat Joel , Underwood Sandra Millon , Wiehe Sarah
Published: June 2024

Importance

Approximately 19.7% of children and adolescents aged 2 to 19 years in the US have a body mass index (BMI) at or above the 95th percentile for age and sex, based on Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth charts from 2000. The prevalence of high BMI increases with age and is higher among Hispanic/Latino, Native American/Alaska Native, and non-Hispanic Black children and adolescents and children from lower-income families.

Objective

The US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) commissioned a systematic review to evaluate the evidence on interventions (behavioral counseling and pharmacotherapy) for weight loss or weight management in children and adolescents that can be provided in or referred from a primary care setting.

Population

Children and adolescents 6 years or older.

Evidence Assessment

The USPSTF concludes with moderate certainty that providing or referring children and adolescents 6 years or older with a high BMI to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions has a moderate net benefit.

Recommendation

The USPSTF recommends that clinicians provide or refer children and adolescents 6 years or older with a high BMI (≥95th percentile for age and sex) to comprehensive, intensive behavioral interventions. (B recommendation)
Interventions for High BMI in Children and Teenagers
Authors: Jin Jill
Published: June 2024

This JAMA Patient Page describes intensive behavioral interventions for high body mass index (BMI) in children and teenagers and the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation for provision of such interventions.
Clinical Characteristics Associated With Response to Biologics in the Treatment of Psoriasis
Authors: Hjort Gustav , Schwarz Christopher Willy , Skov Lone , Loft Nikolai
Published: June 2024

Importance

Clinical characteristics associated with treatment response to biologics in patients with psoriasis have never been systematically investigated.

Objective

To evaluate the association between patient clinical characteristics and the effectiveness of biologics in treating psoriasis.

Data Sources

PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were searched from their inception through April 2022. Studies in English language that reported response to biologic treatment at approved doses in patients with psoriasis in relation to their clinical characteristics were included. In addition, eligible studies were identified through a search of the reference lists of the included studies.

Study Selection

We only included studies that reported treatment outcomes as Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) 75 or PASI 90 after 12, 26, and/or 52 weeks of treatment. Both observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) were considered. Two independent authors conducted the screening process, and 107 studies were assessed for eligibility.

Data Extraction and Synthesis

The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guidelines were followed. Relevant data were extracted independently by 2 authors. Data were pooled using random-effects models. RCTs and observational studies were pooled in separate analyses. Data were analyzed from June 1, 2023, to August 1, 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The primary outcome was PASI 90 at 26 weeks (6 months). Before data collection began, an investigation of the association between the main (and secondary) outcomes and several clinical characteristics was planned.

Results

Overall, 40 studies with a total of 21 438 patients were included. Older age (odds ratio [OR], 0.99; 95% CI, 0.98-1.00), previous exposure to biologics (OR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.29-0.67), higher body mass index (BMI) (OR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.94-0.99), previous smoking (OR, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.67-0.98), and current smoking (OR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.66-0.91) were negatively associated with achieving PASI 90 at 6 months in observational studies. In RCTs, only BMI of 30 or higher was negatively associated with treatment response (PASI 90 at 3 months: OR, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.48-0.66).

Conclusions and Relevance

This meta-analysis found that patients with psoriasis who smoke or have a history of smoking, as well as those with previous exposure to biologics, older age, or higher BMI, exhibited poorer response to biologics in observational studies. However, it remains unclear whether these clinical characteristics influence treatment response differently for the different biologics available for psoriasis.
State Cannabis Legalization and Trends in Cannabis-Related Disorders in US Older Adults, 2017 to 2022
Authors: Perez-Vilar Silvia , Freyria Duenas Pablo , Radin Rose , Akhtar Sandia , Wernecke Michael , Kelman Jeffrey A. , Graham David J.
Published: June 2024

This cross-sectional study examines trends in health care encounters with cannabis-related disorders among Medicare beneficiaries from 2017 to 2022.
Mental Health Service Use Before First Diagnosis of a Psychotic Disorder
Authors: Tempelaar Wanda , Kozloff Nicole , Mallia Emilie , Voineskos Aristotle , Kurdyak Paul
Published: June 2024

Importance

Characterizing mental health service use trajectories preceding diagnosis of a psychotic disorder may help identify individuals at highest risk and in which settings they are at highest risk.

Objective

To examine mental health service use and diagnostic trajectories before first diagnosis of psychotic disorder and identify utilization and diagnostic patterns.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This population-based, retrospective cohort study used linked provincial health administrative data. The sample included individuals aged 15 to 29 years diagnosed with a psychotic disorder in Ontario, Canada, between April 1, 2012, and March 31, 2018. These individuals were matched to individuals with a diagnosis of a mood disorder. Data were analyzed from November 2018 to November 2019.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The main outcomes were rates, timing, and setting of mental health–related service use and associated diagnoses in the 3 years before the index disorder among individuals first diagnosed with a psychotic disorder compared with those first diagnosed with a mood disorder.

Results

A total of 10 501 individuals with a first diagnosis of psychotic disorder were identified (mean [SD] age, 21.55 [3.83] years; 72.1% male). A total of 72.2% of individuals had at least 1 mental health service visit during the 3 years before their first psychotic disorder diagnosis, which was significantly more than matched controls with a first mood disorder diagnosis (66.8%) (odds ratio [OR], 1.34; 95% CI, 1.26-1.42). Compared with individuals diagnosed with a mood disorder, individuals diagnosed with a psychotic disorder were significantly more likely to have had mental health–related hospital admissions (OR, 3.98; 95% CI, 3.43-4.62) and emergency department visits (OR, 2.27; 95% CI, 2.12-2.43) in the preceding 3 years. Those with psychotic disorders were more likely to have had prior diagnoses of substance use disorders (OR, 2.57; 95% CI, 2.35-2.81), other disorders (personality disorders, developmental disorders) (OR, 1.75; 95% CI, 1.61-1.90), and self-harm (OR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.36-1.98) in the past 3 years compared with those diagnosed with mood disorders.

Conclusions and Relevance

This study found that in the 3 years prior to an index diagnosis, individuals with a first diagnosis of psychotic disorder had higher rates of mental health service use, particularly emergency department visits and hospitalizations, compared with individuals with a first diagnosis of a mood disorder. Individuals with psychotic disorders also had a greater number of premorbid diagnoses. Differences in health service utilization patterns between those with a first psychotic disorder diagnosis vs a first mood disorder diagnosis suggest distinct premorbid trajectories that could be useful for next steps in prediction and prevention research.
Seismic response characteristics of seismically isolated buildings with dead zone mechanism connected to oil damper
Authors: Yachiune Kazuo , Suzuki Akira , Saito Yuta , Tokuno Masaki , Kobayashi Masahito
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there has been concern about the occurrence of extreme ground motions that greatly exceed the amplitude levels and durations expected at the conventional design level. Therefore, seismically isolated buildings are required to ensure seismic isolation performance for small earthquakes and suppress the excessive displacement of the seismic isolation layer for extreme ground motions. In this paper, we analyze the seismic response of seismically isolated buildings with the dead zone mechanism connected to oil dampers to understand the response characteristics.
Pituitary cyclase‐activating polypeptide targeted treatments for the treatment of primary headache disorders
Authors: Karsan Nazia , Edvinsson Lars , Vecsei Laszlo , Goadsby Peter J
Published: June 2024

Objective

Migraine is a complex and disabling neurological disorder. Recent years have witnessed the development and emergence of novel treatments for the condition, namely those targeting calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP). However, there remains a substantial need for further treatments for those unresponsive to current therapies. Targeting pituitary adenylate cyclase‐activating polypeptide (PACAP) as a possible therapeutic strategy in the primary headache disorders has gained interest over recent years.

Methods

This review will summarize what we know about PACAP to date: its expression, receptors, roles in migraine and cluster headache biology, insights gained from preclinical and clinical models of migraine, and therapeutic scope.

Results

PACAP shares homology with vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) and is one of several vasoactive neuropeptides along with CGRP and VIP, which has been implicated in migraine neurobiology. PACAP is widely expressed in areas of interest in migraine pathophysiology, such as the thalamus, trigeminal nucleus caudalis, and sphenopalatine ganglion. Preclinical evidence suggests a role for PACAP in trigeminovascular sensitization, while clinical evidence shows ictal release of PACAP in migraine and intravenous infusion of PACAP triggering attacks in susceptible individuals. PACAP leads to dural vasodilatation and secondary central phenomena via its binding to different G‐protein‐coupled receptors, and intracellular downstream effects through cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) and phosphokinase C (PKC). Targeting PACAP as a therapeutic strategy in headache has been explored using monoclonal antibodies developed against PACAP and against the PAC1 receptor, with initial positive results.

Interpretation

Future clinical trials hold considerable promise for a new therapeutic approach using PACAP‐targeted therapies in both migraine and cluster headache.
An Automatized Simulation Workflow for Powder Pressing Simulations Using SimStack
Authors: Mieller Bjoern , Valavi Masood , Caldeira Rêgo Celso Ricardo
Published: June 2024

Automated computational workflows are a powerful concept that can improve the usability and reproducibility of simulation and data processing approaches. Although used very successfully in bioinformatics, workflow environments in materials science are currently commonly applied in the field of atomistic simulations. This work showcases the integration of a discrete element method (DEM) simulation of powder pressing in the convenient SimStack workflow environment. For this purpose, a Workflow active Node (WaNo) was developed to generate input scripts for the DEM solver using LIGGGHTS Open Source Discrete Element Method Particle Simulation code. Combining different WaNos in the SimStack framework makes it possible to build workflows and loop over different simulation or evaluation conditions. The functionality of the workflows is explained, and the added user value is discussed. The procedure presented here is an example and template for many other simulation methods and issues in materials science and engineering.
Antibody‐Targeted Phytohormone Delivery Using Foliar Sprayed Silk Fibroin Pickering Emulsions
Authors: Hu Yue , Cao Yunteng , Nguyen Franklin M. , Frank Bradley D. , Kalinowski Maxwell John , Li Meng , Rajani Sarojam , Marelli Benedetto
Published: June 2024

Efficient delivery systems based on biopolymers offer new solutions to enhance food security by boosting crop yield and quality while decreasing agrochemical input and mitigating environmental impact. Herein, a novel Pickering emulsion fabrication method that utilizes antibody‐functionalized silk fibroin to enhance foliar adhesion upon application for efficient agrochemicals delivery is reported. Silk fibroin microparticles (SFMPs) stabilize both nonpolar and polar oil‐in‐water Pickering emulsions, revealing the cooperative function of both oil phase polarity and aqueous media pH in stabilization, where phytohormones addition influenced the stability and oil‐water contact angle. Phytohormone‐containing Pickering emulsions are functionalized with anti‐pectic polysaccharide (alpha‐1,5‐arabinan) antibody labeled SFMPs through adsorption, to enhance droplet adhesion to leaf cuticle surface. As a proof‐of‐concept, Pickering emulsion containing 0.1 mM jasmonic acid (JA) is applied to Arabidopsis thaliana via foliar spraying. Following washing, treatment with antibody‐functionalized Pickering emulsion increased trichome numbers on young leaves by 20% and 3%, when compared to nonencapsulated JA and nonfunctionalized emulsions, respectively. The functionalized Pickering emulsion stabilized by SFMPs exhibited no plant toxicity and biodegraded 50 wt.% in 7 days, catalyzed by Streptomyces griseus protease. Results highlight the potential of SFMP‐stabilized oleic acid‐in‐water Pickering emulsion as a sustainable and biodegradable solution to precisely deliver agrochemicals through foliar spray.
In Situ Universal Construction of Thiophosphite/MXene Hybrids via Lewis Acidic Etching for Superior Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhong Longsheng , Yue Ming , Liang Yazhan , Xi Baojuan , An Xuguang , Xiao Yanhe , Cheng Baochang , Lei Shuijin , Xiong Shenglin
Published: June 2024

Metal thiophosphite has demonstrated promising application potential as an anode material for sodium‐ion batteries. Nevertheless, the intrinsic low electrical conductivity and drastic volume expansion impede its commercialization. Herein, a series of metal thiophosphite/Ti3C2Tx (metal = Fe, Ni, Co, and Cd) composites are constructed via Lewis acidic molten salt etching followed by synchronous phospho‐sulfurization. The Ti3C2Tx substrate endows the thiophosphite/Ti3C2Tx hybrids with high electrical conductivity. Importantly, thiophosphite grown on the MXene layers exhibits a 3D cross‐linked structure, which not only facilitates electron/ion transport, but also maintains robust structural stability owing to the space confinement effect. As a proof of concept, FePS3/Ti3C2Tx demonstrates remarkable rate performance (827.4 and 598.1 mAh g−1 at 0.1 and 10 A g−1, respectively) along with long‐term cycling stability (capacity retention of 93.7% after 2000 cycles at 5 A g−1). Impressively, the FePS3/Ti3C2Tx//NVPO full cell exhibits a high reversible capacity of 396.8 mAh g−1 over 1350 cycles at 2 A g−1. The sodium storage mechanism of FePS3/Ti3C2Tx anode is further unveiled through in situ XRD/ex situ HRTEM characterizations and theoretical calculations. This work provides a fresh perspective on enhancing the electrochemical performance of thiophosphite through the in situ construction of thiophosphite/Ti3C2Tx hybrids.
Transition Metal Ions Synergistic Bilayer H2O Pillared MXene Directing In Situ Ordered Embedding Growth of Highly Efficient NiFe Alloy Catalysts
Authors: Qiu Zhongjie , Wu Jiayan , Zhang Baolin , Song Huiyu , Cui Zhiming , Liang Zhenxing , Du Li
Published: June 2024

Efficient, stable, and inexpensive electrocatalysts are essential to overcome the high overpotential and slow kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) process during water electrolysis applications. 2D transition metal carbides (MXene) show great potential in functional heterogeneous interface engineering for electrocatalytic OER. However, it is still a challenge to regulate the interlayer space and realize the heterogeneous layer‐by‐layer ordered embedding for MXene. Herein, a simple hydrothermal‐assisted strategy is proposed to prepare highly conductive Ti3C2Tx MXene supported by synergized Ni2+, Co2+, and Fe3+ with bilayer H2O, which significantly enlarges the interlayer distances and improves the interlayer ion concentrations. Benefiting from modulated interface chemistry, embedded metal ions undergo multi‐directional in situ growth on the MXene substrate, thereby forming a stable 0D/2D@2D nano‐hybrid material (NiFe/MX‐HT). Combining density functional theory calculations with experiments demonstrates that MXene offers a framework for electron transfer, enhances the exposure of active sites, modulates the electronic structure, and greatly reduces the energy barrier of the rate‐determining step in the process of OER. Thus, NiFe/MX‐HT requires only 230 mV to achieve 10 mA cm−2 and maintains stability even after operating at 100 mA cm−2 for 150 h. This work offers new insights into exploring various functional MXene‐based heterogeneous materials.
Branched‐Tail Lipid Nanoparticles for Intravenous mRNA Delivery to Lung Immune, Endothelial, and Alveolar Cells in Mice
Authors: Petersen Daria M. Strelkova , Weiss Ryan M. , Hajj Khalid A. , Yerneni Saigopalakrishna S. , Chaudhary Namit , Newby Alexandra N. , Arral Mariah L. , Whitehead Kathryn A.
Published: June 2024

Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are proven safe and effective delivery systems on a global scale. However, their efficacy has been limited primarily to liver and immune cell targets. To extend the applicability of mRNA drugs, 580 ionizable lipidoids are synthesized and tested for delivery to extrahepatocellular targets. Of these, over 40 enabled protein expression in mice, with the majority transfecting the liver. Beyond the liver, several LNPs containing new, branched‐tail ionizable lipidoids potently delivered mRNA to the lungs, with cell‐level specificity depending on helper lipid chemistry. Incorporation of the neutral helper lipid 1,2‐dioleoyl‐sn‐glycero‐3‐phosphoethanolamine (DOPE) at 16 mol% enabled highly specific delivery to natural killer and dendritic cells within the lung. Although inclusion of the cationic lipid 1,2‐di‐(9Z‐octadecenoyl)‐3‐trimethylammonium‐propane (DOTAP) improved lung tropism, it decreased cell specificity, resulting in equal transfection of endothelial and lymphoid cells. DOTAP formulations are also less favorable than DOPE formulations because they elevated liver enzyme and cytokine levels. Together, these data identify a new branched‐tailed LNP with a unique ability to selectively transfect lung immune cell populations without the use of toxicity‐prone cationic helper lipids. This novel vehicle may unlock RNA therapies for lung diseases associated with immune cell dysregulation, including cancer, viral infections, and autoimmune disorders.
Fabrication of Isotope‐Enriched Nanostructures Using Ultrafast Laser Pulses under Ambient Conditions for Biomolecular Sensing
Authors: Premachandran Srilakshmi , Manickam Sivakumar , Tan Bo , Venkatakrishnan Krishnan
Published: June 2024

Recent advances in the use of stable isotopes necessitate novel synthesis techniques for isotope separation and enrichment that are scalable and offer high throughput. Stable‐isotope‐enriched nanostructures can offer unique advantages as nanomedicines, safe tracers, and labels and are critical for applications in various industrial processes, metabolic research, and medicine. So far, there exists no method to synthesize miniature isotope‐enriched materials at the nanoscale. In this study, an ultrafast Laser‐induced isotope enrichment at nanoscale (LIIEN) is put forward to synthesize isotope‐enriched nanostructures, eliminating the need for large equipment and expenses, thereby demonstrating a lab‐scale isotope enrichment process. A significant isotope enrichment for Carbon nanostructures is observed. The isotope enrichment can be attributed to the redistribution of isotope ions in the plasma plume explained by the plasma centrifuge model. The LIIEN synthesized structures exhibit excellent Surface‐Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) signal enhancement and reproducibility, making them potential candidates for SERS‐based biomolecule sensing. This technique is an efficient method to fabricate nanosized isotope‐enriched structures of characteristic properties by carefully tuning laser parameters at ambient conditions.
Copper‐Catalyzed Radical‐Induced Annulation‐Halo(bi)cyanomethylation of Indole‐Tethered 1,6‐Enynes toward Pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles
Authors: Zuo Hang‐Dong , Yuan Ya‐Yu , Chen Xi , Wang Ji‐Yun , Yan Sheng‐Hu , Zhang Yue , Liu Jian‐Wu
Published: June 2024

A copper‐catalyzed radical‐induced annulation‐halocyanomethylation of indole‐linked 1,6‐enynes has been established using haloacetonitrile as radical precursors, enabling the synthesis of 21 cyanomethylated pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indoles with yields ranging from 42% to 81% and a Z/E ratio up to 19:1. Moreover, by adjusting the reaction temperature, a variation of the annulation‐bromobicyanomethylation process was achieved, resulting in the production of 12 bicyanomethylated pyrrolo[1,2‐a]indole isomers in yields of 41–68%. The stereoisomeric mixture of bicyanomethylated products could be purified to their pure configurations through recrystallization. The proposed reaction mechanism was formulated through a series of control experiments.
Quorum Sensing in Emulsion Droplet Swarms Driven by a Surfactant Competition System
Authors: de Visser Pieter J. , Karagrigoriou Dimitrios , Nguindjel Anne‐Déborah C. , Korevaar Peter A.
Published: June 2024

Quorum sensing enables unicellular organisms to probe their population density and perform behavior that exclusively occurs above a critical density. Quorum sensing is established in emulsion droplet swarms that float at a water surface and cluster above a critical density. The design involves competition between 1) a surface tension gradient that is generated upon release of a surfactant from the oil droplets, and thereby drives their mutual repulsion, and 2) the release of a surfactant precursor from the droplets, that forms a strong imine surfactant which suppresses the surface tension gradient and thereby causes droplet clustering upon capillary (Cheerios) attraction. The production of the imine‐surfactant depends on the population density of the droplets releasing the precursor so that the clustering only occurs above a critical population density. The pH‐dependence of the imine‐surfactant formation is exploited to trigger quorum sensing upon a base stimulus: dynamic droplet swarms are generated that cluster and spread upon spatiotemporally varying acid and base conditions. Next, the clustering of two droplet subpopulations is coupled to a chemical reaction that generates a fluorescent signal. It is foreseen that quorum sensing enables control mechanisms in droplet‐based systems that display collective responses in contexts of, e.g., sensing, optics, or dynamically controlled droplet‐reactors.
A Transdermal Prion‐Bionics Supermolecule as a RAB3A Antagonist for Enhancing Facial Youthfulness
Authors: Liu Wenjia , Ding Fan , Yang Wenguang , You Weiming , Zhang Liqiang , He Wangxiao
Published: June 2024

The mechanism research of skin wrinkles, conducted on volunteers underwent high‐intensity desk work and mice subjected to partial sleep deprivation, revealed a significant reduction in dermal thickness associated with the presence of wrinkles. This can be attributed to the activation of facial nerves in a state of hysteria due to an abnormally elevated interaction between SNAP25 and RAB3A proteins involved in the synaptic vesicle cycle (SVC). Facilitated by AI‐assisted structural design, a refined peptide called RSIpep is developed to modulate this interaction and normalize SVC. Drawing inspiration from prions, which possess the ability to protect themselves against proteolysis and invade neighboring nerve cells through macropinocytosis, RSIpep is engineered to demonstrate a GSH‐responsive reversible self‐assembly into a prion‐like supermolecule (RSIprion). RSIprion showcases protease resistance, micropinocytosis‐dependent cellular internalization, and low adhesion with constituent molecules in the cuticle, thereby endowing it with the transdermic absorption and subsequent biofunction in redressing the frenzied SVC. As a facial mud mask, it effectively reduces periorbital and perinasal wrinkles in the human face. Collectively, RSIprion not only presents a clinical potential as an anti‐wrinkle prion‐like supermolecule, but also exemplifies a reproducible instance of bionic strategy‐guided drug development that bestows transdermal ability upon the pharmaceutical molecule.
Polyoxometalate Clusters Confined in Reduced Graphene Oxide Membranes for Effective Ion Sieving and Desalination
Authors: Yang Yixin , Zhao Wan‐Lei , Liu Yubing , Wang Qin , Song Ziheng , Zhuang Qinghe , Chen Wei , Song Yu‐Fei
Published: June 2024

Efficient 2D membranes play a critical role in water purification and desalination. However, most 2D membranes, such as graphene oxide (GO) membranes, tend to swell or disintegrate in liquid, making precise ionic sieving a tough challenge. Herein, the fabrication of the polyoxometalate clusters (PW12) intercalated reduced graphene oxide (rGO) membrane (rGO‐PW12) is reported through a polyoxometalate‐assisted in situ photoreduction strategy. The intercalated PW12 result in the interlayer spacing in the sub‐nanometer scale and induce a nanoconfinement effect to repel the ions in various salt solutions. The permeation rate of rGO‐PW12 membranes are about two orders of magnitude lower than those through the GO membrane. The confinement of nanochannels also generate the excellent non‐swelling stability of rGO‐PW12 membranes in aqueous solutions up to 400 h. Moreover, when applied in forward osmosis, the rGO‐PW12 membranes with a thickness of 90 nm not only exhibit a high‐water permeance of up to 0.11790 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and high NaCl rejection (98.3%), but also reveal an ultrahigh water/salt selectivity of 4740. Such significantly improved ion‐exclusion ability and high‐water flux benefit from the multi‐interactions and nanoconfinement effect between PW12 and rGO nanosheets, which afford a well‐interlinked lamellar structure via hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interactions.
Regulating Sodium Deposition Behavior by a Triple‐Gradient Framework for High‐Performance Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Cao Weishan , Liu Mengyue , Song Weihao , Li Zhen , Li Bingyang , Wang Pengfei , Fisher Adrian , Niu Jin , Wang Feng
Published: June 2024

An efficient method for the synthesis of a self‐supporting carbon framework (denoted Gra‐GC‐MoSe2) is proposed with a triple‐gradient structure—in sodiophilic sites, pore volume, and electrical conductivity—which facilitates the highly efficient regulation of Na deposition. In situ and ex situ measurements, together with theoretical calculations, reveal that the gradient distribution of Se heteroatoms in MoSe2, and its derivatives tailor the sodiophilicity, while the gradient distribution of porous nanostructures homogenizes the Na+ diffusion. Therefore, Na deposition occurs from the bottom to the top of the Gra‐GC‐MoSe2 framework without dendrite formation. In addition, the gradient in electrical conductivity ensures the stripping process does not lead to dead Na. As a result, a Gra‐GC‐MoSe2 modified Na anode (Na@Gra‐GC‐MoSe2) shows impressive cycling stability with a high average Coulombic efficiency in an asymmetric cell. In symmetric cells, it also exhibits a long cycling life of 2000 h with a low polarization voltage and works stably even under a large capacity of 10 mAh cm−2. Moreover, a Na@Gra‐GC‐MoSe2|| Na3V2(PO4)3 full cell delivers a high energy density with an excellent cycling performance.
Rapid Synthesis and Microenvironment Optimization of Hierarchical Porous Fe─N─C Catalysts for Enhanced ORR in Microbial Fuel Cells
Authors: Jiang Bolong , Jiang Nan , Cui Yanyan , Wang Huan , Zhang Geng , Li Jiayou , Zhang Yuhan
Published: June 2024

Here, an approach to produce a hierarchical porous Fe‐N‐C@TABOH catalyst with densely accessible high intrinsic active FeNx sites is proposed. The method involves a single‐step pyrolysis of Zn/Fe‐zeolitic imidazolate framework (Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐H) with tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TABOH) micelles, which is obtained by utilizing TABOH as a structural template and electronic mediator at room temperature for a brief duration of 16 min. Notably, the yield of Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐H is 3.5 times that of Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐N prepared by conventional method. Results indicate that in addition to expediting synthesis and increasing yield of the Zn/Fe‐ZIF‐H, the TABOH induces a hierarchical porous structure and fosters the formation of more and higher intrinsic active FeNx moieties in Fex‐N‐C@TABOH, showing that TABOH is a multifunctional template. Crucially, the increased mesoporosity/external surface area and optimized microenvironment of Fe‐N‐C@TABOH significantly enhance ORR activity by facilitating the formation of high intrinsic active FeNx sites, increasing accessible FeNx sites, and reducing mass transfer resistance. Through structure tailoring and microenvironment optimization, the resulting Fe‐N‐C@TABOH exhibits superior ORR performance. DFT calculation further validates that the synergistic effect of these two factors leads to low ORR barrier and optimized *OH adsorption energy. This study underscores the importance of structure and electronic engineering in the development of highly active ORR catalysts.
Bis(pinacolato)diboron‐Enabled Ni‐Catalyzed Reductive Arylation/Vinylation of Alkyl Electrophiles
Authors: Sun Deli , Gong Yuxin , Wu Yu , Chen Yunrong , Gong Hegui
Published: June 2024

Herein, the use of economically and environmentally friendly bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2Pin2) is described as a non‐metallic reductant in mediating Ni‐catalyzed C(sp3)–C(sp2) reductive cross‐coupling of alkyl electrophiles with aryl/vinyl halides. This method exhibits excellent suitability for heteroaryl halides and alkyl halides/Katritzky salts. The present study is compatible with an in situ halogenation of alcohol method, allowing for selective mono‐functionalization of diols and bio‐relevant alcohols (e.g., carbohydrates). The use of B2Pin2 shows potential for easy scalability without introducing additional metal impurities into the products. It is observed for the first time in the realm of cross‐electrophile coupling chemistry that B2Pin2 can sever as a reductant to reduce NiII to Ni0. This mechanistic insight may inspire the development of new reductive bond‐forming methodologies that can otherwise be difficult to achieve with a metal reductant.
Head‐to‐Head Comparison of Tau and Amyloid Positron Emission Tomography Visual Reads for Differential Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders: An International, Multicenter Study
Authors: Soleimani‐Meigooni David N. , Smith Ruben , Provost Karine , Lesman‐Segev Orit H. , Allen Isabel Elaine , Chen Miranda K. , Cho Hanna , Edwards Lauren , Janelidze Shorena , La Joie Renaud , Mundada Nidhi , Ossenkoppele Rik , Stomrud Erik , Strandberg Olof , Strom Amelia , Boxer Adam L. , Dage Jeffrey L. , Gorno‐Tempini Maria Luisa , Kramer Joel H. , Miller Bruce L. , Rojas Julio C. , Rosen Howard J. , Lyoo Chul H. , Hansson Oskar , Rabinovici Gil D.
Published: June 2024

Objective

We compared the accuracy of amyloid and [18F]Flortaucipir (FTP) tau positron emission tomography (PET) visual reads for distinguishing patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia with fluid biomarker support of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Participants with FTP‐PET, amyloid‐PET, and diagnosis of dementia‐AD (n = 102), MCI‐AD (n = 41), non‐AD diseases (n = 76), and controls (n = 20) were included. AD status was determined independent of PET by cerebrospinal fluid or plasma biomarkers. The mean age was 66.9 years, and 44.8% were women. Three readers interpreted scans blindly and independently. Amyloid‐PET was classified as positive/negative using tracer‐specific criteria. FTP‐PET was classified as positive with medial temporal lobe (MTL) binding as the minimum uptake indicating AD tau (tau‐MTL+), positive with posterolateral temporal or extratemporal cortical binding in an AD‐like pattern (tau‐CTX+), or negative. The majority of scan interpretations were used to calculate diagnostic accuracy of visual reads in detecting MCI/dementia with fluid biomarker support for AD (MCI/dementia‐AD).

Results

Sensitivity of amyloid‐PET for MCI/dementia‐AD was 95.8% (95% confidence interval 91.1–98.4%), which was comparable to tau‐CTX+ 92.3% (86.7–96.1%, p = 0.67) and tau‐MTL+ 97.2% (93.0–99.2%, p = 0.27). Specificity of amyloid‐PET for biomarker‐negative healthy and disease controls was 84.4% (75.5–91.0%), which was like tau‐CTX+ 88.5% (80.4–94.1%, p = 0.34), and trended toward being higher than tau‐MTL+ 75.0% (65.1–83.3%, p = 0.08). Tau‐CTX+ had higher specificity than tau‐MTL+ (p = 0.0002), but sensitivity was lower (p = 0.02), driven by decreased sensitivity for MCI‐AD (80.5% [65.1–91.2] vs. 95.1% [83.5–99.4], p = 0.03).

Interpretation

Amyloid‐ and tau‐PET visual reads have similar sensitivity/specificity for detecting AD in cognitively impaired patients. Visual tau‐PET interpretations requiring cortical binding outside MTL increase specificity, but lower sensitivity for MCI‐AD. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:476–487
Quinolone bioisosteres of phenolic GluN2B‐selective NMDA receptor antagonists
Authors: Rathing Friederike , Schepmann Dirk , Wünsch Bernhard
Published: June 2024

Cyclopenta[g]quinolones of type 4 were designed with the aim to bioisosterically replace the phenol of potent GluN2B ligands such as ifenprodil and Ro 25‐6981 by the quinolone system and to restrict the conformational flexibility of the aminopropanol substructure in a cyclopentane system. The designed ligands were synthesized in an eight‐step sequence starting with terephthalaldehyde (5). Key steps pf the synthesis were the intramolecular Friedel–Crafts acylation of propionic acids 10 to yield the cyclopenta[g]quinolinediones 11 and the Mannich reaction of diketone 11a followed by conjugate addition at the α,β‐unsaturated ketone 12a. Although the quinolones 13a, 15a, and 16a contain an H‐bond donor group (secondary lactam) as ifenprodil and Ro 25‐6981, they show only moderate GluN2B affinity (Ki > 410 nM). However, the introduction of lipophilic substituents at the quinolone N‐atom resulted in more than 10‐fold increased GluN2B affinity of the benzyl and benzyloxymethyl derivatives cis‐13c (Ko = 36 nM) and 13e (Ko = 27 nM). All compounds are selective over the phencyclidine (PCP) binding site of the N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate (NMDA) receptor. The benzyl derivative 13c showed six‐ and threefold selectivity over σ1 and σ2 receptors, respectively.
Security control of direct current microgrids under deception attacks—A dynamic event‐triggered approach
Authors: Li Fuqiang , Li Kang , Peng Chen , Gao Lisai
Published: June 2024

This paper studies the security control of direct current (DC) microgrids under deception attacks, and a dynamic event‐triggered mechanism (DETM) is proposed to save constrained network bandwidth. The DETM can reduce the frequency of data communications and exclude Zeno behavior inherently. Then, a time‐delay closed‐loop system model is built, which integrates parameters of the DC microgrid, the DETM, deception attacks, injection current controller, and network‐induced delays in one unified framework. Sufficient conditions are derived for globally exponentially ultimately bounded stability in mean square, which establish the relationship between system performance and the contributing factors such as the DETM, deception attacks, and network delays. Further, a co‐design method is presented to derive the parameters of the controller and the DETM in just one step. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method for security control of DC microgrids, achieving 21.5% savings of communication resources while effectively stabilizing the system even 10.7% of the transmitted data that are manipulated by the deception attacks.
Seven‐degree‐of‐freedom‐based electric wheel sampled‐data active shimmy control method considering unknown sensor measurement error
Authors: Meng Qinghua , Liu Rong , Sun Zong‐yao , He Haibin
Published: June 2024

The active shimmy control methods for electric vehicle driven by in‐wheel motors (EV‐DIM) have been proposed in the recent years. However, these methods assume that data obtained from sensors are accurate, despite the fact that sensor measurements are prone to error. This unknown measurement error can make shimmy control difficult. Additionally, current shimmy models are low degree‐of‐freedom, which simplifies control but decreases accuracy. In this paper, we address these issues using a sampled‐data output control method based on a higher seven‐degree‐of‐freedom (7DOF) shimmy model which includes the steering system, suspension, and electric wheel. We first construct a 7DOF electric wheel shimmy model and use Lagrange's theorem to derive the electric wheel shimmy dynamic equations. We then obtain system state equations that account for unknown sensor measurement error based on the 7DOF shimmy model. A sampled‐data observer and controller are designed to attenuate or eliminate the shimmy phenomenon via a domination gain. Finally, we conduct numerical simulations and experiments to verify the effectiveness of our proposed method.