bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROCESSING EFFECT ON THE MICROBIAL AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF KILISHI AT SOUTH EAST NIGERIA
Authors: Okorie Peter Anyigor
Published: September 2020

The proximate and microbiological compositions of kilishi, a processed meat at Abakaliki, southeast of Nigeria was determined in this study. The moisture, protein, fat, and ash contents, including the microbial count of the raw meat and kilishi in the study area were investigated to ascertain the processing effect. The results show that kilishi has higher protein content, fat content and ash content relative to the raw meat with the difference of 17.04 %, 4.66 % and 1.94 %. The moisture content and microbial count of kilishi are lower compared to the raw meat with a difference of 62.00 % and 17.33 cfu/g. The analysis suggests that the kilishi sold at Abakaliki is safe for human consumption.
Science and Civilization in Saul Bellow’s Novels Henderson the Rain King and Mr. Sammler’s Planet
Authors: AŞCI Yasemin
Published: September 2020

In this study both modern and postmodern period writer, Bellow’s novels Henderson the Rain King and Mr. Sammler’s Planet are handled and analyzed in terms of science and civilization. It is seen that in these novels particularly the
issues of modern civilization’s state and science of that time is mentioned. Thus, the main purpose of the study is to demonstrate how Bellow deals these issues. Composing the study, literature review method was used. It has been
reached that in both of the novels; the writer portrays hopeless and aimless protagonists who are affected by the war and bad days so deeply that they lose their purpose in life. In Henderson the Rain King, the main character feels
that his wealthy life cannot fill the void in his life and the voice in his heart always tells, “I want.” The purposeless life leads him to Africa where he finds what he have lost by the help of travelling to the uncivilized villages,
befriending natives, living among these people and discussing with them. Likewise, in Mr. Sammler’s Planet the protagonist feels that his life in New York after the war and Holocaust includes immorality of new generation. Therefore,
except from lecturing at a university he does not interested in immoral behavior of people surrounding him. In fact, he longs for old days when the people were much more civilized, modern and moral and had purpose in their lives.
One can conclude from the study that the issues mentioned and protagonists’ thoughts and their way of living life resembles each other. In addition, both novels reveal the thoughts on science and civilization.
Examination of Secondary School Students' Attitudes towards the Turkish Course in Terms of Various Variables
Authors: AKÇAM Aysun , TÜRKYILMAZ Mustafa
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma ortaokul öğrencilerinin Türkçe dersine yönelik tutumlarını çeşitli değişkenler açısından incelemek amacıyla betimleyici olarak yapılmıştır. Çalışma örneklemini 2018-2019 eğitim-öğretim yılı güz yarıyılında Kırşehir ili merkez
ve ilçelerindeki 5, 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflarda öğrenim gören 822 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından geliştirilen “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” ve “Türkçe Dersine Yönelik Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların
Türkçe dersine yönelik tutumları; aile tipi ve ailenin aylık ortalama gelirine göre farklılık göstermemektedir. Buna karşın kızlar erkeklerden; 5. sınıflar 6, 7 ve 8. sınıflardan; anne-baba eğitim durumu ilköğretim olanlar diğerlerinden;
kasabada yaşayanlar köy ve şehirde yaşayanlardan; cep telefonu bulunmayanlar bulunanlardan; sosyal medya kullanmayanlar kullananlardan; dört temel dil becerisindeki yeterlik algısı yüksek olanlar orta ve zayıf olanlardan; Türkçe
ders başarı algısı yüksek olanlar diğerlerinden daha olumlu tutuma sahiptirler. Türkçe dersine yönelik olumlu tutumlar arttıkça iletişim becerilerinin de arttığı görülmüştür.
Perceivıng and Understanding Nature in the Poetry of Abdülhak Hamid Tarhan and Hüseyn Cavid
Authors: EROL Ali
Published: September 2020

İbn-i Haldun “Coğrafya kaderdir” der. Bu ifade bir anlamda muhit ve buna bağlı olarak söz konusu muhitteki coğrafi şartlarla birlikte sosyal, siyasi ve kültürel şartların insan hayatındaki etkin rolünü ifade eder. Sanatın konusu insan
olduğuna göre, sanatsal çalışmaların da büyük ölçüde bu unsurlara bağlı olarak şekillenmesi kaçınılmazdır. Nitekim bu nedenledir ki bireysel yetenekler bir tarafa, benzer şartlarda ortaya çıkan sanatsal çalışmalarda benzer duyuş
ve söylemlere rastlamak pek mümkündür Bilindiği üzere gerek Türk, gerekse Azerbaycan Klasik şiirinde daha çok tasvirî malzeme olmak üzere şairler tarafından zaman zaman kendisinden yararlanılmış unsurlardan birisi de tabiat olmuştur.
Tabiat bu şiirlerde, bazen birer mazmunlar sözlüğü, bazen de münbit bir ilham kaynağı olarak meramı ifadede şaire önemli söyleyiş kolaylığı sağlamıştır. Tabiatın ve tabiat unsurlarının doğrudan doğruya pastoral amaca yönelik olarak
şiire taşınması her iki sahada da çağdaş edebiyat süreci ile başlamıştır. Türk edebiyatında bu konunun öncüsü Abdülhak Hâmid Tarhan, Azerbaycan edebiyatında ise aralarında Hüseyin Cavid’in de bulunduğu romantikler olmuştur. Ancak
Azerbaycan’da bu konuda Mehemmed Hadi ile birlikte Hüseyin Cavid’i diğer isimlerden ayıran husus “tabiattan mülhem felsefi duygular”dır ki bu tavrı ayırıcı bir nitelik olarak Hâmid’de de görürüz. Gerek Hâmid’in gerek Cavid’in pek
çok şiirinde tabiat unsurları; ölüm, kader, ilahi adalet gibi kavramlar imgesel bir perspektifle irdelenirken kendisine sığınılmış bir kaynak niteliğindedir. Bu çalışmada, tabiatın idraki ve terennümü açılarından Abdülhak Hâmid
Tarhan ve Hüseyin Cavid’in şiirleri, şiirlerdeki benzerlik ve farklılıklar, neden-sonuç ilişkisi içerisinde incelenecektir.
Grammar Terms in Teaching Turkish as a Foreign Language Basic Level Textbooks
Authors: KAYA Seda , DOLUNAY Salih Kürşad
Published: September 2020

Anadili ve Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde terim kullanımında birlik olmaması yıllardır süregelen bir sorundur. Bu sorunun, ders kitaplarında terimin doğrudan adını vermek ya da işlevini verip adından söz etmemek şeklinde
iki farklı yaklaşım olarak ortaya çıktığı söylenebilir. Ancak bu iki farklı yaklaşım, öğretimde birliğe engel olmakta ya da bir dille yeni karşılaşan bireyler için kafa karışıklığına neden olmaktadır. Mevcut sorunu ortaya koymak,
bu soruna çözüm bulabilmek amacıyla bu araştırmada, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde kullanılan ders kitaplarındaki dilbilgisi terimleri incelenmiş, bunların nasıl kullanıldığı belirlenmeye çalışılmıştır. Çalışmada bu amaçla;
Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretimi için kullanılan, doğrudan öğretim yaklaşımını benimsemiş ve amaçlı örnekleme yöntemi ile belirlenmiş üç yayınevine ait temel düzey (A1-A2) ders kitaplarındaki terimler “ses bilgisi, biçim ve
sözcük bilgisi, sözdizimi ve anlam bilgisi” ana başlıkları altında incelenmiştir. Ders kitaplarının incelenmesinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak yayınevlerinin, terimleri ders kitaplarında verirken izleyecekleri
yaklaşım konusunda bir uzlaşıda olmadıkları görülmüştür. Yayınevleri bazı terimleri adlarıyla bazı terimleriyse adlarını belirtmeden işlevleriyle vermiştir. Bu durum yayınevlerinin sadece birbirleriyle değil kendi içlerinde de
tutarlı olmadıklarını göstermektedir. Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretiminde işlevsel dil öğretim yaklaşımının benimsendiği düşünülürse terim adlarının doğrudan verilmesi değil işlevlerinin verilmesi daha etkili bir öğretim sağlayacaktır,
denilebilir.
Micro Aggression in Teaching Turkish to Foreigners: Secondary School Example
Authors: ER Züleyha , KARAKUŞ Neslihan
Published: September 2020

Dil kültürün taşıyıcısıdır. Kültürün kuşaktan kuşağa aktarılması dille sağlanır. Kültür öğelerini öğrenmek dili öğrenmeyi kolaylaştırır. Yabancı dil öğretimi kültür öğretiminden ayrı düşünülemez. Dil öğrenirken o dile ait kültür öğeleri
de öğrenilir. Dil öğreticisi aynı zamanda kültür aktarımı da yapar. Fakat kültür aktarımı yapmak isterken olumsuz mesajlar vermemeye, hedef dile karşı psikolojik ve duygusal baskı oluşturmamaya dikkat edilmelidir. Kişi öğrendiği
dilin kültürü ile kendi kültürü arasında karşılaştırmalar yapabilmelidir. Her dil her kültür değerlidir ve özeldir. Diller ve kültürler arasında ayrımcılık yapılması yanlıştır. Mikrosaldırganlık ayrımcılık ile ilgili bir kavramdır.
Her alanda olduğu gibi yabancı dil eğitiminde de mikrosaldırganlıklar yaşanmaktadır. Mikrosaldırganlık, Türkçenin yabancı dil olarak öğretilmesinde dikkat edilmesi gereken bir noktada yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkçenin
yabancı dil olarak öğretilmesinde mikrosaldırganlık ile ilgili verileri ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaçla nitel araştırma modellerinden durum çalışması kullanılmıştır. Çalışma grubu,2018-2019 Eğitim-Öğretim Yılında öğrenim görmekte olan
Ekrem İnci Ortaokulundaki yabancı öğrencilerden oluşmaktadır. Araştırma verilerine ulaşmak için Er (2018) tarafından geliştirilen Yabancı Dil Olarak Türkçe Öğretiminde Mikroagresyon Anketi farklı ülkelerden (Mısır, Suriye, Tunus,
Irak, Afganistan, İran, Özbekistan, Türkmenistan, Filistin, Rusya, Azerbaycan, Yemen, Lübnan, Ürdün, Cezayir) toplam 91 öğrenciye uygulanmıştır. Verilerin analiz sürecinde içerik analizinde faydalanılmıştır. Araştırma sonuçlarına
göre genel olarak öğrencilerin mikrosaldırganlık yaşamadıkları söylenebilir. Ortaya çıkan sonuçlar ilgili literatür çerçevesinde tartışılmıştır.
A Review of Propaganda Techniques
Authors: GÜLERER Salih , ASAR Ahmet
Published: September 2020

Eleştirel bir okurun bilmesi ve farkında olması gereken propaganda genellikle tek yönlü bir iletişim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Ülkemizde; uluslararası ilişkiler, halkla ilişkiler, tarih, siyaset, sahne sanatları, radyo-televizyonculuk,
kamu yönetimi, iletişim, hukuk, din ve edebiyat alanlarında propaganda konulu çalışmaların sıklıkla yapıldığı eğitim alanında ise propaganda ile ilgili çalışmaların literatürde neredeyse yer almadığı görülmektedir. Oysa Türkçe
dersinin özel amaçlarında öğrencilerin okuduklarını eleştirel bir bakış açısıyla değerlendirme amacı yer almaktadır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle eğitim alanında yapılacak propaganda konulu çalışmalara kaynaklık etmek için propaganda
için kullanılan teknikleri araştırmak amaçlanmaktadır. Bu amaçla literatür taraması yapılarak propaganda konulu çalışmalara ulaşılmıştır. Doküman taraması yöntemi ile çalışmalarda propaganda amaçlı hangi tekniklerin kullanıldığı
araştırılmıştır. Araştırma sonucu ulaşılan bazı propaganda tekniklerinin benzer şekilde açıklanan farklı isimler verilmiş teknikler olduğu görülmüştür. Benzer şekilde açıklanan propaganda teknikleri açıklamaları değerlendirilerek
birleştirilmesi önerilmiş propaganda teknikleri sınıflandırılmış ve frekansları oluşturulmuştur. İncelenen çalışmalarla sınırlı olarak frekans değeri en yüksek olan propaganda tekniklerinin Propaganda Analiz Enstitüsünün önerdiği
ad takma, kart yığma, tanıklık, halk adamı, parıltılı genellemeler, transfer, tren ve kaçınılmaz zafer teknikleri olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. İncelenen çalışmalarda duygulara başvurma, basitleştirme, düşmanın saptanması, önyargıların
kullanımı, muğlaklık, tekrar, tamamen yalan, akla uygun hale getirme, sloganlar, iddia, kötünün iyisi, ima, üslubu güzelleştirme, bilgiyi işlemden geçirme, karşılaştırma, söylenmemiş kabuller teknikleri sık kullanılan teknikler
olarak ortaya çıkmıştır.
Brave New World: Aldous Huxley’s Standpoint Regarding Communal Stability, Individual Freedom, and Eugenics in Light of the Concept of Ambivalence
Authors: TAŞ Mehmet Recep
Published: September 2020

Huxley’in 1932’de yayınlanan Brave New World adlı romanı; eleştirmenler, edebiyatçılar ve okuyucular üzerinde yarattığı ikilem ile öne çıkmaktadır. Bazıları, romanı ileride ortaya çıkabilecek olan yönetimsel, bilimsel ve sosyolojik
sorunlara karşı topluma uyarıda bulunan distopik bir roman olarak sınıflandırırken, başka bir kesim de sayesinde toplumun içinde bulunduğu tüm sorunlardan kurtulabileceğine inanılan öjenik olgusunu savunan ütopik bir roman olarak
değerlendirmektedir. Ayrıca romanı değerlendiren birçok edebiyat eleştirmeni de, romanın otorite, despotizm, bireysel özgürlük ve toplumun işleyiş mekanizması gibi sosyal olgulara karşı Huxley’in kafa karışıklığının ve kararsızlığının
dışa vurumu olduğunu iddia etmektedirler. Romanın aynı zamanda okuyucuları toplumsal istikrardan kaynaklanan esenlik (mutluluk) ve bireysel özgürlükte saklı olan özgünlük ve coşku (heyecan) duygusu arasında ikilemde bıraktığı da
ileri sürülmektedir. Mevcut makale bu bağlamdan yola çıkarak ve Huxley’in aile yapısı, yaşamı, romanı yazdığı zamanın sosyal ve siyasal dokusu ve Paul E. Bleuler’in ambivalence kavramını göz önüne alarak, Huxley’in toplumun nasıl
işlemesi gerektiği konusunda duygu karmaşası içinde olduğunu ileri süren iddiaların aksine, Huxley’in kurguladığı ve çıktılarından birinin de öjenik olduğu bilimsel ilerleme sayesinde bütün sosyal, iktisadi, psikolojik ve fizyolojik
sorunların üstesinden gelindiği hiyerarşik Yeni Dünya Devleti düzenine daha yakın durduğunu ortaya koymayı amaçlamaktadır. Başka bir deyişle; bu makale Huxley’in, bireylerde içkin (primordial) olan ve şimdiye kadar ne ilahi ne
de beşeri sistemlerle kontrol altına alınamamış olan emperyal itkinin (id), yani ‘tahakküm kurma itkisi’nin özgürlüğü olarak da nitelenebilecek bireysel özgürlüğü mü, yoksa bilimin etki ve yetkinliği ile bu emperyal itkinin, yani
tahakküm kurma itkisinin, yani id’in kontrol altına alınıp tüm toplumsal sorunların çözüldüğü ve istikrarın sağlandığı bir Yeni Dünya Devleti düzenini mi vurguladığı soruları arasında kararsızlık (ambivalence) içinde olmadığını,
ikinci seçeneğe daha yakın olduğunun altını çizmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Try a Value Classification and Values in Mevlana's “Mesnevi”
Authors: ÇAĞLAR Eyüp , ARSLAN Mahmut Abdullah
Published: September 2020

Değer kavramı son dönemde oldukça güncel bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Güç ve maddiyatın hüküm sürdüğü günümüz dünyasında, değer diye nitelenebilecek ne varsa bunlar insanoğlu tarafından ikinci plana atılmakta ve hatta yok sayılmaktadır.
Bunun neticesinde sonu gelmeyen çatışma ve mücadeleler dünyayı neredeyse yaşanmaz bir yer haline çevirmektedir. Bu durumdan kurtulmanın yolu ise, insanoğlunun bitmek bilmeyen hırs ve iştahını bir kenara bırakıp toplumsal ve evrensel
değerleri benimsemesi ve yaşamının merkezine bu değerleri koymasından geçer. Değer kavramının son dönemdeki güncelliğinin sebebi de aslında budur. Araştırmacılar ve değerler üzerine çalışanlar, insanlığın içinde bulunduğu durumdan
kurtulmasının yolunu değerlerde aramaktadırlar. Çalışmamızın temelinde de bu amaç yatmaktadır. Çalışmamızın ilk bölümünde değer kavramının tanımı, değerlerin özellikleri, değerlerin önemi, işlevi ve değerler eğitimi üzerinde durulmuş
ve bir değer tasnifi yapılmıştır. İkinci bölümde ise Mevlana’nın Mesnevi adlı eserindeki değerler, yaptığımız tasnife göre incelenmiş ve Mesnevi’den alıntılarla örneklendirilmiştir. Çalışmamız için Mesnevi’yi seçmemizin amacı,
kendisinin başlı başına bir değer olması ve değerlerin benimsetilmesi noktasında başlıca kaynaklardan biri olmasıdır. Çalışmada nitel araştırma modellerinden doküman analizi yöntemi kullanılmış ve bulgular betimsel analizle yorumlanmış
ve tarafımızdan yapılan tasnife göre incelenmiştir.
Metaphor and Metonymy in Meaning Composition of Noun Compounds
Authors: AKŞEHİRLİ Soner
Published: September 2020

Dünya dillerinde görülen en yaygın türetimsel süreçlerin başında bileşme gelmektedir. Kurucu birimleri ve çıktısı ad olan ad bileşiklerinin, değişken biçimlerde dünyanın tüm dillerinde olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu yaygınlık ve üretkenlik
nedeniyle ad bileşiklerine ilişkin alan yazında pek çok çalışma yer almaktadır. Dilbilgisel yapılarının dışında ad bileşiklerinin en ilgi çekici özelliklerinin başında anlamsal oluşumları ve yorumlanma biçimleri gelmektedir. Üretici
dilbilgisinde tüm diğer dilsel yapılar gibi kural-güdümlü olarak bir dizi anlamsal etiketleme çerçevesinde bileşiklerin anlamı açıklanmaya çalışılır. Karşıt bir kuramsal konumda yer alan bilişsel dilbilim ise bileşikleri kavramlaştırmanın
özel bir biçimi olarak görür. Bu çerçevede kavramlaştırmanın temel bilişsel araçları olan eğretileme ve düzdeğişmece bileşiklerin kavramsal oluşumunu biçimlendirmektedir. Ad bileşikleri, şematik ilişkilerin belirli bir kullanım
örüntüsü içinde üretici olmaktan çok yaratıcı bir etkinlik sergilediği oluşumlardır. Bu çalışmada Türkçedeki ad bileşikleri, geleneksel olarak merkezlilik bakımından yapılan sınıflamalardan farklı olarak, eğretileme ve düzdeğişmece
temelinde ele alınmakta ve bir ön-sınıflama önerisi getirilmektedir. Kimi örneklerin belirgin bir üreticilik sergilemesine karşın, yaygın olarak eğretileme ve düzdeğişmece güdümlü olarak öngörülemez anlamsal oluşum sergileyen bileşikler,
bu çalışmada anlamsal birleşimsizliğin belirgin örnekleri olarak görülmektedir.
Frequency of hyponatremia in community acquired pneumonia.
Authors: Mehmood Zeeshan , Saeed Farrukh , Siddiqui Muhammad Asif , Rehman Fazal Ur , Zahoor Farhan , Iqtidar Amna
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is frequent amongst pediatric population all over the world while hyponatremia is a common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized patients that has been shown to be associated with considerable morbidity and mortality. We aimed to determine the frequency of hyponatremia in children with community acquired pneumonia (CAP). Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Pediatrics Department, Services Hospital, Lahore. Period: July 2018 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 100 cases up to 2 years of age of either gender, diagnosed cases of CAP during the last 72 hours, were enrolled. Demographic profile, age and gender were recorded. Every child with CAP was evaluated for the presence of hyponatremia. Mean and standard deviation were calculated for age. Frequency and percentages were noted for categorical variable like gender and presence/absence of hyponatremia. Results: Out of 100 cases of CAP, 57 (57.0%) were male and 43(43.0%) female. There were 45 (45.0%) cases who were less than 1 year of age while 55 (55.0%) were between 1-2 years of age. Mean age was calculated as 1.55 years with standard deviation of 0.52 years. Frequency of hyponatremia in children with CAP was recorded in 24 (24.0%) whereas 76 (76.0%) had no findings of the morbidity. Conclusion: Frequency of hyponatremia was high (24.0%) among children with CAP. Every patient who present with CAP should be evaluated for hyponatremia.
Rare locations of hydatid disease evaluated by radiological imaging.
Authors: Amin Muhammad Umar , Shafique Mobeen , Saif Mohsin , Rashid Nawaz , Adil Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Objectives: To document unusual locations of hydatid disease by Radiological Imaging performed in a Tertiary care center. Study Design: Descriptive Case series. Setting: Department of Radiology and Imaging, HBS General Hospital, Islamabad. Period: Jan 2016 to Dec 2018. Material & Methods: 64 cases of hydatid disease were included in our study seen between 2016 and 2018. 11 cases were retrospectively analyzed because of their unusual locations. MDCT was performed in all of our cases. Ultrasound, MRI, Color Doppler, IVU, and plain films also were performed in selected cases. Histopathological diagnosis of hydatid disease was confirmed in all cases operated surgically. Results: Rare locations of hydatid disease in this series included kidney, abdominal wall, chest wall, ovary, lumbosacral spine, iliopsoas muscles, mesentery, lung hilum, diaphragm, spleen and bronchus (in form of Broncho-pleural fistula). The Table-I, is most unusual presentations were passage of cysts in urine in a case of renal hydatid cyst, passage of cysts with haemoptysis in a case of bronchopleural fistula caused by ruptured hydatid cyst, infertility in an ovarian hydatid cyst, abdominal and chest wall swellings due to hydatid cysts. Even though there was no mortality in these patients, there was disabling morbidity. Conclusion: Hydatid disease can present with unusual symptoms and signs depending on the organ of involvement. Hydatid disease can affect any organ in the body and a high suspicion of this disease is justified in any unusual cystic lesion of any organ, Moreover, detailed imaging techniques should precede and follow the surgical intervention. Multi-imaging modalities are also more helpful in rare diffuse hydatidosis.
Outcome of acute peritoneal dialysis (APD) in renal failure among children admitted at Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan.
Authors: Ishaq Shahid , Joiya Saima Jabeen , Khan Muhammad Azam
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Renal failure (RF) is associated with significant mortality and morbidity. its management still remains challenging for treating physicians. Acute peritoneal dialysis (APD) is an option for treatment of renal failure among young children. We aimed to determine the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in RF among children admitted. Study Design: Case series study. Setting: Nephrology Department of Children’s Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan. Period: February 2018 to July 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 74 children with renal failure were included. All the patients were treated with acute peritoneal dialysis. The outcome of interest was clinical and biochemical improvement. Result: Amongst all there were 46 (62.2%) male and 26 (37.8%) female. Mean age of the children was found to be 57.72 months. Mean weight of children was 12.36 kg with a standard deviation of 6.4 kg. Most of the children, 43 (58.1%) had acute renal failure (ARF) whereas 31 (41.9%) had chronic renal failure (CRF). With PD, mortality was reported in 22 (29.7%) children. Conclusion: Acute peritoneal dialysis showed good rates of improvement in renal function, so, it should be recommending among children with acute renal failure.
Maternal Outcomes of Expectant Management In comparison with Induction of Labour within twenty four hours of Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM).
Authors: Ashraf Saima , Sultana Hajira , Qadir Saima Yasmin , Khalid Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Objective: this study is conducted to compare the maternal outcomes of expectant management versus induction of labour within 24 hours of premature rupture of membranes. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Setting: Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department, Nishtar Hospital, Multan. Period: From 15 March 2018 to 15 September 2018. Material & Methods: A total of 130 pregnant women with parity 0 – 4 having singleton pregnancy, ≥37 weeks pregnant and having premature rupture of membranes were taken in the study. Women having previous caesarean section, with history of hypertension or diabetes, features suggestive of chorioamnionitis, preterm pre-labour rupture of membranes and women with foetal distress were excluded from the study. Two groups were made. In Group (A) women were subjected to expectant management in which patients were observed for uterine contractions for a period of 24 hours. In Group (B) women were induced with tab dinoprostone 2 doses each 3 mg given 6 hours apart. Information regarding caesarean section, vaginal delivery and chorioamnionitis was recorded on a specially designed proforma. Results: In this study age range was from 18 to 35 years while in both groups most patients were 28 – 35 years old. In Group (A) mean gestational age was 38.246 ± 0.84 weeks while in Group (B) it was 37.953 ± 0.95 weeks. In Group (A) mean parity was 1.076 ± 1.16 and in Group (B) it was 1.815 ± 1.16. in Group (A) 2.092 ± 0.67 hours was mean duration of PROM while in Group (B) it was 2.092 ±0.67 hours. Mean BMI in Group (A) was 26.088 ±3.80 kg/m2 and in Group (B) it was 26.361 ±4.33 kg/m2. In Group (A), 24 patient (36.9%) delivered vaginally while 42 (64.6%) patient delivered vaginally in Group (B). 41 patients (63%) had cesarean section in Group (A) while in Group (B) 23 patients (35.4%) had cesarean section. Chorioamnionitis was seen in 14 patients (21.5%) in Group (A) while 3 patients (4.6%) had chorioamnionitis in Group (B). Conclusion: Our study concluded that induction of labour with twenty four hours of premature rupture of membranes does causes a reduction in occurrence of chorioamnionitis. By this approach patients are usually delivered within 24 hours and caesarean section rate is not increased. This approach also causes a reduction in augmentation of labour by oxytocin.
Educational stress and coping strategies among medical students.
Authors: Hammad Ali , Naeem Muhammad , Usmani Saba Yasmeen , Hussain Wajahat
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Students acquiring professional education have to face many challenges, most important of them is the stress related to their studies which when compounded by the absence of appropriate coping strategies makes a huge impact on their personal and professional lives. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of stress related to professional education, on the medical MBBS students and various coping strategies used by them. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur. Period: January 2019 to June 2019. Material & Methods: To investigate the ongoing professional education related stress and coping strategies among students doing MBBS. A total of 500 students participated in this study. The tools used were Perceived Stress Scale-14 (PSS14) and ACOPE to measure the stress level and coping strategies among the students and data was analyzed using the SPSS -22 statistical program. Results: The study showed that majority of students had PSS score ranging between 34 to 59 with an average PSS-14 score of 45.5. Major bulk of students had a score of 45 which reflects a high stress level among the students. The average measured ACOPE score was 156±20.4 which indicated a moderate level of abilities of the students to cope with the stress. Conclusion: This study concluded that professional studies related stress is very common among medical students and generally they are not skilled enough to use effective coping strategies to cope, which adversely affects their performance in professional life as well as personal lives.
Biochemical assessment of iron profile in type 2 diabetes patients.
Authors: Shah Faridullah , Rehman Naseeb Ur , Khan Zakia , Ullah Rafat , Ahmad Wasim
Published: September 2020

Objectives: Iron profile is considered to be an important guide for improved health around the globe. An altered iron profile is a risk factor for numerous diseases. Extreme iron accretion in body results in damaging many cellular structures as well as in oxidative damage with many complications. Thus, iron profile must be considered in many ailments including DM. Study Design: Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Biochemistry, BMC Bannu and Department of Medicine, KGN Teaching Hospital Bannu-KPK. Period: January 2019 to June 2019. Material & Methods: 140 subjects were taken in this study, out of which 70 were suffering from type 2 diabetes and 70 were normal healthy controls. BMI was calculated by dividing body weight (Kg) to square of height (meters). The waist / hip circumference ratio was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (cm) to hip circumference (cm). Sphygmomanometer was used for blood pressure measurement. The serum iron, TIBC, UIBC, plasma glucose and HbA1c were measured by semi-auto analyzer. The serum ferritin was estimated by chemiluminescence method. The % transferrin saturation was calculated by formula serum iron (μg/dl) x 100/ TIBC (μg/dl). Result: The anthropometric parameters like weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist hip circumference ratio, systolic and diastolic blood pressure was statistically extremely significantly (p<0.001) increased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to healthy control subjects. The plasma fasting glucose, HbA1C, serum iron, % saturation and serum ferritin were statistically extremely significantly (p<0.001) increased and UIBC was statistically extremely significantly (p<0.001) decreased while TIBC and hemoglobin were statistically significantly (p<0.05) decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects as compared to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Elevated iron and ferritin is a risk factor for diabetes and produce many complications. Proper management must be taken to remove the excess iron that can be very harmful to the body.”
Lactulose versus lactitol in acute hepatic encephalopathy (HE).
Authors: Rasool Shahid , Azhar Salman , Munir Talha , Ahmad Mian Sajjad , Abbas Rizwan , Abbas Rizwan , Ahsan Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE), a syndrome observed in some patients with cirrhosis, with depressed level of consciousness. Lactulose as well as lactitol has been used in the treatment of HE. Lactitol is comparable to lactulose in the treatment of HE with fewer side effects and better tolerated. However, literature showed equal efficacy of both drugs. So we conducted this trial to find better drug to implement its use in future. Objective: To compare the effectiveness of lactulose and lactitol in patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial. Setting: Department of Medicine OPD and Emergency (East, West, North, South), Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Period: 6 Months June 2017 to Dec 2017. Material & Methods: 570 patients were included through non-probability, consecutive sampling after informed consent. Initial grade of HE was assessed and patients were randomly divided in two groups by using lottery method i.e. lactulose or lactitol. Patients were admitted to ward for management and kept under observation for 5 days. After 5 days, HE grades was measured again, then improvement in grade of HE (effectiveness) was measured. All data was entered and analyzed by using SPSS version 21.0. Chi-square was applied to compare both groups for effectiveness taking p-value≤0.05 as significant. Results: In this study the mean age of the patients was 44.22 ±11.81 years, the male to female ratio of the patients was 2.4:1. The mean duration of the cirrhosis of the patients was 3.73±1.61 months. In our study the effectiveness was achieved in 538 (94.39%) patients, out of which 263 cases were from lactulose group and 275 were from lactitol group and the difference was significant (p<0.0.5). Conclusion: Our study results concluded that Lactitol is better choice for the treatment of patients with acute hepatic encephalopathy as compared to lactulose. More efficacy was achieved in lactitol group patients than in lactulose group patients.
Program ODOPOS ( One Day One Problem One Solution) In Realistic Mathematics-Based Online
Authors: Sulistiyowati Diah , Fauziyah Nur , Khikmiyah Fatimatul
Published: September 2020

ABSTRAK

The purpose of this research is to develop ODOPOS (one day one problem one solution) program in realistic mathematic that is based online. By application of realistic mathematics is expected to have students the ability to understand mathematics in real life.

           The sample of this study is 33 students at V grade of Elementary School of Muhammadiyah Manyar at 2019-2020 academic years. The research instrument is a pretest-posttest test and student response questionnaire sheet.

           Result of the study: (1) Development of ODOPOS (one day one problem one solution) program in realistic mathematic based online is: (a) Analyze stage, includes analysis of student characteristics and material analysis (b) Design stage, there is a use case diagram that is: home, profile, log in, summary and examples of problems, exercises, scores and class progress (c) Development stage is developing the ODOPOS program design based on the use case diagram. (d) Implementation stage, is the result of the development ODOPOS program being applied in learning for one week (e) evaluation stage, is giving a pretest-posttest test and student questionnaire response sheet (2) there is an increase in student achievement 84 , 84%. The students get an n-gain score of  0.7 for the high category from the use of the ODOPOS (one day one problem one solution) program. (3) Students responses to the ODOPOS program, based on the content criteria, the result is 93.49% or very feasible
Construction Of The Production Of Granule Bat Fertilizer In Smk Muhammadiyah 5 Panceng Gresik
Authors: Kurniawan Mohammad Dian , Andesta Deny , Mahbubah Nina Aini
Published: September 2020

Fertilization is an action in plant care. Fertilization provides additional nutrients for the soil. Fertilization has a large influence on plant growth and production. Fertilization consists of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Both of these fertilizers must be balanced so that the nutrient content can be maintained properly. The use of fertilizers an organic fertilizer that is widely used, but the use of chemical fertilizers on an ongoing basis will reduce the level of soil fertility. This must be balanced with organic fertilizer. One of the organic fertilizer is guano fertilizer. This fertilizer is fertilizer made from animal waste, namely bats. This fertilizer has a very good content including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Knowledgethis fertilizer will still be low, so that an introduction and practice about guano fertilizer is needed. Therefore a community service activity was carried out on the development of the manufacture of guano fertilizer. Guano fertilizer development is carried out in the form of granules (granules). The targets of this service are vocational students who are related to agriculture. Vocational students are selected as the young generation to know about organic fertilizers and are able to contribute to the implementation of the agricultural industry. Community service activities were carried out with a presentation of the theory and practice of making guano fertilizer. As a result of this activity, students learned about organic fertilizer, namely guano fertilizer and its contents, nutrient content in the soil, balance in maintaining nutrient content in the soil, the practice of making guano fertilizer, and the creation of granule form from guano fertilizer.
Aspek Hukum Bahaya Plastik Terhadap Kesehatan dan Lingkungan Serta Solusinya
Authors: Dewi Yusma , Raharjo Trisno
Published: September 2020

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis aspek hukum bahaya plastik terhadap kesehatan dan lingkungan serta solusinya. Sejalan dengan permasalahan penelitian ini, maka jenis penelitian hukum yang digunakan bersifat penelitian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Penelitian ini akan menjadikan pengelolaan sampah di Kabupaten Sleman sebagai model. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) Undang-undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah tidak secara jelas mengatur mengenai sampah plastik dan larangan untuk menghasilkan sampah plastik. Oleh karena itu Undang-undang Nomor 18 Tahun 2008 tentang Pengelolaan Sampah belum dapat mencegah penggunaan plastik yang dapat menimbulkan sampah plastik yang berbahaya bagi manusia dan lingkungan; (2) Sampai saat ini belum ada peraturan perundang-undangan yang melarang penggunaan plastik yang membahayakan bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan; dan (3) Solusi belum diaturnya larangan penggunaan plastik yang membahayakan kesehatan dan lingkungan maka sampah plastik bisa digunakan sebagai bahan untuk membuat kerajinan seperti aneka jenis tas, dompet, topi tempat koran, map, dan sebagainya seperti yang telah dilakukan oleh masyarakat Desa Sukunan, Kabupaten Sleman selama ini. Kata kunci: Sampah, Plastik, Bahaya, Kesehatan, Lingkungan
Optimalisasi Pengawasan Perizinan dan Perpanjangan Trayek Angkutan Kota (Studi di Kabupaten Banjarnegara)
Authors: Putra Krisna Pramesti , Amarini Indriati , Kartini Ika Ariani
Published: September 2020

Municipal transportation means of transportation are required to have a route permit and are obliged to extend route permits that have expired. The issuance of route permits and extension of route permits is carried out by the Transportation Agency. This research is normative juridical research. The data used is secondary data sourced from books, research reports, scientific journals, and legislation. Interviews were conducted to add secondary data. The results showed that many city transportations have not extended their route permits. The Banjarnegara Regency Transportation Office as a service provider carries out supervision, provides guidance/socialization as well as evaluations and reports. The obstacles faced in the supervision are the lack of operational implementation and the attitude of city transport owners who have not routinely extended route permits. Optimization from the Banjarnegara Regency Transportation Office in the form of increased guidance for vehicle owners, coordination with police agencies in law enforcement against violations of route permits. Evaluation is needed in the form of ease of granting route permits and the apparatus' assertiveness against violators of route permits.Keywords: Supervision, Route Permit, City Transportation
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Orang Utan Dari Perdagangan Ilegal
Authors: Prasetyo Firman Bagus , Susanti Rahtami , Setiawan Bayu
Published: September 2020

Illegal trade in protected animals, including orangutans, is still rife in Indonesia, resulting in a decline in population from year to year. This study aims to analyze the legal protection of orangutans from illegal trade, based on Law Number 5 of 1990 concerning Conservation of Living Natural Resources and their Ecosystems and their inhibiting factors. The approach to the problem that will be used in this research is a normative juridical approach. The results of the study show that first, the number of orangutan populations has decreased due to illegal trade and there are several factors that hinder the protection of the orangutan population, such as logging, encroachment and road network expansion. The illegal trade in orangutans is something that must be considered because the punishment imposed on the perpetrators is still too light, with what they are doing. Therefore, the punishment and fines can be heavier so that the perpetrators are deterred. Stop forest hunting by tightening forest guarding and providing education about protected animals to the community. Likewise in protecting animals in the country of Indonesia.Keywords: protection, orangutans, illegal trade
Analisis Yuridis terhadap Kasus Gugatan Perbuatan Melawan Hukum atas Ketidakabsahan Peralihan Hak Milik Benda Bergerak (Studi Kasus Putusan Mahkamah Agung Nomor 1081/K/PDT/2018)
Authors: Laksana Fathalya
Published: September 2020

The legal requirements are regulated in Article 1320 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata). If the valid conditions of the promise are not fulfilled, then the law that results is that the agreement can be canceled or null and void. In the Court's practice contained in the Supreme Decision Number 1081K / PDT / 2018, there was a sale and purchase agreement between the Plaintiff's husband and the Defendant, the sale and purchase agreement was made by the Plaintiff's partner without the consent of the Plaintiff as his legal wife. Supreme Court Decision No. 1081K / PDT / 2018 stated that the sale and purchase agreement was invalid and null and void. Apart from that, in its decision, the Defendant's UN Supreme Court had committed an illegal act. The research method used is a normative juridical approach using secondary data obtained from literature studies, namely statutory regulations, legal theories, and the opinions of leading legal scholars. This research uses descriptive analytical research specifications that describe the regulations that are in accordance with legal theories that oversee the implementation practices of the problems under study. The data analysis method used is qualitative normative method. Based on the research results, it can be denied that the sale and purchase agreement in the Supreme Court Decision Number 1081K / PDT / 2018 is not legally valid. The agreement does not fulfill the validity requirements of the agreement in Article 1320 of the Civil Code, namely halal skills and causes because it violates Article 36 paragraph (2) of the Marriage Law No. 1 of 1974 resulting in the sale and purchase agreement to be null and void.Keywords: Buying and Selling, Acts against the Law, Agreement, Marriage, Collective Property
Perlindungan Konsumen atas Penggunaan Bahan Tambahan Pangan pada Makanan dan Minuman
Authors: Fajarini Hanari
Published: September 2020

Food circulation that does not meet health standards is generally caused by the desire of producers to get the maximum profit by neglecting consumer safety. Lack of legal protection for consumers results in consumers in a weak position. The purpose of this study was to determine how the legal protection of consumers for the use of food additives. The method or approach used in this research is sociological with a qualitative paradigm, in which sociology is an approach with the aim of studying and examining the existence of a phenomenon of reciprocal relations between law and other social institutions in which law is not conceptualized as a form of independent (autonomous) normative symptoms. , but as a social institution which is related significantly to other variables. The results showed that 80% of business operators use synthetic dyes, while only 20% of business operators use natural dyes. Meanwhile, the results of interviews with consumers showed that 63.33% of the consumer's benchmark in choosing food was food with a more striking color, while 36.67% of consumers chose food that had no striking color. The results showed that to protect consumers from the use of food additives, there are several efforts that can be made, namely supervision, guidance and consumer education. The conclusion of this research is to realize legal protection for consumers, every food product is required to meet food safety and quality standards, as regulated in Article 111 of the Law on Health.Keywords: food, food additives, consumer protection
Kompetensi Profesional Guru dan Motivasi Kerja Dengan Kinerja Guru SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Biluhu Kabupaten Gorontalo
Authors: Umar Nikson A.Kadir , Hasbi Muh. , Anwar Herson
Published: September 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan positif dan signifikan antara kompetensi profesional guru dan motivasi kerja dengan kinerja guru di SMP Negeri di Kecamatan Biluhu Kabupaten Gorontalo secara parsial maupun simultan.Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif.Sumber data dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder primer dari penyebaran kuesioner. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lengkap dan mendalam mengenai hubungan antara kompetensi profesional guru dan motivasi kerja dengan kinerja guru SMP negeri di kecamatan Biluhu kabupaten Gorontalo. adapun yang menjadi populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh guru SMP negeri di Kecamatan Biluhu Kabupaten Gorontalo berjumlah orang 27,karena jumlah populasi dalam penelitian ini dibawah seratus orang, maka seluruh populasi dijadikan sebagai sampel dengan jumlah guru sebanyak 27 orang, Selanjutnya pengumpulan data penulis menggunakan angket, dan jenis analisis yang digunakan yaitu berupa analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa secara parsial maupun simultan kompetensi profesional guru dan motivasi kerja memiliki hubungan positif dan signifika dengan kinerja guru SMP negeri di kecamatan Biluhu kabupaten Gorontalo.nilai koefisien korelasi hubungan antara variabel bebas (kompetensi profesional guru dan motivasi kerja) dengan variabel terikat (kinerja guru) berada pada kategori hubungan yang kuat. Kemudian sisa nilai determinan terhadap kinerja guru dapat dari variabel penelitian yakni sebesar 0,931 (93,1%).
Dinamika Perkembangan Spiritualitas dan Relevansinya Terhadap Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Sari Nove Kurniati
Published: September 2020

Seiring pertumbuhan seorang individu berlangsung pula proses perubahan fisik serta spiritual. Berlangsungnya proses pertumbuhan berimbas pada fisik yang mencapai tingkat kematangannya. Puncak pertumbuhan adalah masa dewasa. Namun spiritual batas yang jelas tentang batas usia kematangan spiritual belum dapat dijabarkan oleh psikologi perkembangan. Di sinilah tampaknya pendidikan mengambil peran aktifnya. Demi mempersiapkan individu untuk puncak pertumbuhan spiritual yang sempurna, pendidikan spiritual harus dijalankan secara menyeluruh dan bertahap. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat memberi pemahaman terutama kepada pendidik tentang perkembangan spiritual anak yang berdampak pada kemudahan dalam melaksanakan pendidikan Islam. Selain itu diharapkan dapat memudahkan pendidik untuk membentuk dan mengembangkan sikap spiritual sedari dini dan dilakukan sesuai dengan karakteristik kognitif dan emosi anak itu sendiri. Artikel ini adalah penelitian kepustakaan dengan mengkaji buku-buku relevan serta jurnal cetak maupun online, baik jurnal nasional dan jurnal lain yang dapat menjadi sumber pembahasan permasalahan dalam topik penelitian ini. Hasil pembahasan artikel ini adalah apa saja tahapan perkembangan rasa spiritual anak dan bagaimana keberpengaruhan tahapan tersebut terhadap penerimaan anak dalam proses pendidikan Islamnya. Selain itu dapat diketahui bahwa setiap tahap perkembangan rasa spiritual seiringan dengan perkembangan fisik dan psikisnya, yang dipengaruhi juga oleh interaksi anak dengan lingkungan.Kata Kunci: Perkembangan, Spiritual, Pendidikan, Anak
Stakeholder-Formed Organizations and Crisis Communication: Analyzing Discourse of Renewal with a Non-Offending Organization
Authors: Morehouse Jordan
Published: September 2020

Scholars have examined the ways organizations practice post-crisis communication strategies, including deny, diminish, and rebuild. The current study explores the extent to which a stakeholder-formed organization utilizes post-crisis discourse of renewal to rebuild, recover, and renew the Catholic Church after allegations of sexual abuse of minors publicly surfaced in the United States. Open-ended semi-structured interviews with founders and executive committee members of Leadership Roundtable revealed stakeholders practiced discourse of renewal to help the Catholic Church, an offending organization, recover from a crisis. This study also assessed the extent to which God and religion motivated stakeholders’ responses. Results suggest religion is a critical motivating factor in stakeholders’ responses to a crisis.