bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Women Empowerment
Authors: Saeed Soobia , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Naqvi Syed Mehmood , Humayun Mamoona , Ponnusamy Vasaki
Published: February 2021

This chapter applies the idea of emancipation to apprehend the usage of cellular telephones amongst lady entrepreneurs in city and rural regions related to ICT and era. Data were accumulated via questionnaire and focused on institution discussions and were analysed by SPSS. The findings found that the majority of women from different countries were micro-entrepreneurs. In traditional operations such as marketing and distribution, data inflow, customer service delivery, compounded industry strategies, and revenues, woman marketers earned directly, which promoted improved profitability and organizational change. The look came to conclude that successful girls are beginning something new with a small investment instead of being inactive and searching out a process. It could be best for graduate owners to start their own commercial enterprises in partnership with NGOs and humanitarian resource corporations.
The Influence of Communal Networks on the Growth of Free Enterprise
Authors: Saeed Soobia , Jhanjhi N. Z. , Naqvi Mehmood , Humayun Mamona
Published: February 2021

The social media forum is a new way to change the face value of commercial products and services. We can say that it is a new door or door to enter this door over time, connect people from all over the world, and not spend a lot of money. You can create a fan page portal to promote your business through commodity communication skills, good strategy, and marketing. You can reach the place where you set the target. The primary reason for this examination is to contemplate the connection between informal organizations and the development of a business person. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire of 250 respondents. Four elements—Facebook, Google, LinkedIn, and Twitter—were tested to see the relationship of social networks and entrepreneur growth. The results show the impact of Google, LinkedIn, and Twitter on companies, but Facebook has no impact on entrepreneurs.
Why Malaysian Companies Are Involved in Related Party Transactions (RPT) in the Context of Corporate Governance (CG)
Authors: Kamwani Suleman Sherali , Yahya Sofri B.
Published: February 2021

The regulations related to corporate governance mechanisms such as the sensitivity of pay and performance of chief executive officers, board characteristics, and watches outside of those that are well connected in related party transactions (RPTs)in Malaysia are struggling from the monitoring and enforcement of good corporate governance. The primary aims of this study are to investigate the gap that exists in Malaysian company failures due to appropriate related party transactions and to evaluate the impact of good corporate governance on shareholders' confidence in related party transaction (RPTs) disclosures from the Malaysian Accounting Standards Board (MASB) of regulations. In the year 2000, a study was done by Claessens that examined the data of 236 Malaysian public organizations. The study found the dominancy of a large block of shareholders in organizations in addition to weak institutional structures. This chapter focuses on the usage of related party transactions undertaken to benefit Malaysian companies which have led to financial reporting disclosure information.
Analysis of Investment Decision Making in Private Hospitals
Authors: Marques Isabel Cristina Panziera , Serrasqueiro Zélia , Nogueira Fernanda
Published: February 2021

This study seeks to define a model outlining the importance of private hospital managers' competences the profile role of the manager private hospital the process and the relationship with analyses for investment decision making in private hospitals in order to orient future work to improve contribute to health institutions' performance. Qualitative interviews were held in Brazil and Canada, analysed through the conventional content analysis method, and coded using NVivo 11. A model of analysis for investment decision making is proposed and can be used to improve resource allocation and hospital performance. The results point out the importance of a multidisciplinary management training of managers that makes contributes to good an efficient use of resources and that contributes to maintains quality in patient care, including with regard to investment and financing of hospitals where performance analysis contributes to decision making.
E-Loyalty Towards Mobile Applications in Online Food Ordering Business Model
Authors: Sanandra Riska Fauzi , Balakrishnan Nair Praveen
Published: February 2021

Within the mobile commerce space across the world, a major visible trend is the usage of mobile apps in food and beverage industry. Despite the rapid interest in mobile apps and their potential marketing effects, there is limited research on the usage of mobile apps as a convincing marketing channel for online food ordering. This study used the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2) as a theoretical foundation to explore the main factors influencing the customers' e-loyalty towards mobile food ordering applications in Indonesia. Quantitative methodology was used, and data from a total of 358 questionnaires were used for analysis. The findings showed that habit along with social influence, performance expectancy, and facilitating conditions has positively influenced customers' e-loyalty towards mobile food ordering apps.
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Dynamics Evaluation Using Piezo-Resistive Technology for Unpowered Areal Vehicles
Authors: Shamliev Alexander , Mitrouchev Peter , Dimitrova Maya
Published: February 2021

The paper presents a method for real-time observing of the convectional processes in the atmosphere boundary layer. The essence of the method is in providing real-time measurement of temperature, humidity, and pressure during the flight of a glider (soaring flight). Based on these measurements, a real-time evaluation of the atmosphere dynamics is presented. Measurements are taken during soaring flight of the glider and during the flight of a remotely controlled quadrocopter. Additionally, a method for atmosphere thermal identification by the measured parameters is introduced. The main application areas of this work are in unpowered flights, as well as in extending the flight time and distance of powered aerial vehicles. Moreover, the paper can be useful in research and observation of the lowest portion of the atmosphere and micro-scaled atmosphere dynamics evaluation.
A Case Study of a Hospital Workplace Culture of Injustice for Women Physicians
Authors: Burrell Darrell Norman , Shufutinsky Anton , Bland Shanta , Cole Cherise M. , Wright Jorja B , Crowe Margie , Aridi Amalisha Sabie , Mairs-Levy Judith-Jolie
Published: February 2021

Decades after the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued regulations surrounding sexual harassment, hospital medical centers still struggle to identify and implement policies and practices to proactively address and mitigate occurrences of sexual harassment and gender inequality. An organizational development intervention occurred in which all the female physicians completed a climate survey developed to evaluate the hospital's toxic corporate culture around equity and diversity. Survey responses highlight significant issues of concern around diversity and inclusion from the perspective of women in toxic workplace hospital settings, especially for female physicians.
Automatic Reel Editing in Chip on Film Quality Control With Computer Vision
Authors: Doong Shing Hwang
Published: February 2021

Chip on film (COF) is a special packaging technology to pack integrated circuits in a flexible carrier tape. Chips packed with COF are primarily used in the display industry. Reel editing is a critical step in COF quality control to remove sections of congregating NG (not good) chips from a reel. Today, COF manufactures hire workers to count consecutive NG chips in a rolling reel with naked eyes. When the count is greater than a preset number, the corresponding section is removed. A novel method using object detection and object tracking is proposed to solve this problem. Object detection techniques including convolutional neural network (CNN), template matching (TM), and scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) were used to detect NG marks, and object tracking was used to track them with IDs so that congregating NG chips could be counted reliably. Using simulation videos similar to worksite scenes, experiments show that both CNN and TM detectors could solve the reel editing problem, while SIFT detectors failed. Furthermore, TM is better than CNN by yielding a real time solution.
Application of Waste Elimination Theory in Production Processes at Balikpapan Shipyard
Authors: Hidayat Taufik , Ikhwani Rodlian Jamal , Suardi Suardi , Sabran Sabran
Published: February 2021

The shipbuilding industry also supports the economic sector in Balikpapan. Shipbuilding industry business generally consists of new building and ship repair. There is a shipyard in Balikpapan that already has experience in making landing craft tanks, tugboats and barges. But according to the head of production, this shipyard often experiences delays in the production process. Based on temporary assumptions, this happens due to correction and re-works waste. This study aims to find the initial causes of waste that occur, and try to prevent it. Prevention from the initial cause, is a meaningful innovation. This study uses the fault tree analysis (FTA) method as a modeling of the root causes; and waste management theory is used as the basis for the science of innovation application. The research objective is to increase shipyard productivity. Based on research there are five top events that cause delays in the production process at Balikpapan shipyard, they are work not done; incorrect raw material specifications; incorrect product specifications; changes by surveyor owner; and not yet approved by the class.
Analyzing of 1D Resistivity Data to Determine Subsurface Condition on the Development Area of Institut Teknologi Kalimantan (ITK) Balikpapan
Authors: Sastrawan Febrian Dedi , Arisalwadi Meidi , Rahmania Rahmania
Published: February 2021

Information of subsurface stratigraphy is needed during the process of preparing multi-story buildings to avoid problems in determining the level of multi-story building piles. This research was conducted using the geoelectric method to study the subsurface stratigraphic conditions in the area. Based on the measurement results, we find an overview of the subsurface stratigraphic conditions consisting of soil in the first layer with resistivity values ​​ranging from 305 to 570 Ωm, the soil in the study area is red-yellow, namely podsolic soil mixed with sand and gravel. The second layer is clay layer by water saturated with resistivity values ​​between 15 to 44 Ωm, and the third layer with resistivity values ​​varying from 112 to 341 detected from the surface is sandy clay. Insertion of coal at the first measurement point was detected buried at a depth of 17 m from the surface with a resistivity value of 962 Ωm.
Design of Intelligent Network to Predicate Phenol Removal from Waste Water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane
Authors: Akkar Suheila Abd Alreda , Mohammed Sawsan Abd Muslim
Published: February 2021

This research introduced Intelligent Network's proposed design for predicting efficiency in the removal of phenol from wastewater by liquid membrane emulsion. In the inner phase of W / O emulsions, phenol extraction from an aqueous solution was investigated using emulsion liquid membrane prepared with kerosene as a membrane phase, Span 80 as a surfactant, and NaOH as a stripping agent. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of three emulsion composition variables, namely: surfactant concentration, membrane phase to-internal (VM / VI) volume ratio, and removal phase concentration in the internal phase, and two process parameters, feed phase agitation speed at organic acid extraction rates, and emulsion-to-feed volume ratio (VE / VF). More than 98% of phenol can be extracted in less than 5 minutes. This article describes compares the performance of different learning algorithms such as GD, RB, GDM, GDX, CG, and LM to predict the efficiency of phenol removal from wastewater through the liquid emulsion membrane. The proposed neural network consisted of (7, 11, 1) neurons in the input , hidden and output layers respectively feed forward ANN with various types of back propagation training algorithms were developed to model the emulsion liquid membrane removal of phenols. The values predicted for the neural network model are found in close agreement with the results of the batch experiment using MATLAB program with a correlation coefficient ( R2) of 0.999 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.004.
Synthesis of Novel Trimethoprim Complexes and Their Analysis by Ultraviolet Derivative Spectroscopy
Authors: Alsayeed Raghda , Jamil Dalia Mahmood , Salman Huda Ghalib , Al-Mashhadani Mohammed H.
Published: February 2021

In this research, the actions of antibiotic trimethoprim alone and with metals combained. Then assayed through formation of base transition metal compounds as ligands have the chance to achieve an unusual arrangement and stability complexes of coordination. We show advancement in using transtional metal compounds medications for treamentt manyl human illnesses such as carcinomas, lymphomas, control of infections, anti-inflammatory disorders, diabetes, with neurological conditions. This combination with transition metal observed the interaction can be separated by derivative spectroscopic method and measure the characterization of compound by IR and UV spectroscopy.
Performance Enhancement of Air Conditioning (Split Unit) Using CuO/Oil Nano-Lubricant
Authors: Hamdallah Mustafa W. , Jumaah Omar M. , Shaalan Zaid A. , Hussein Adnan M.
Published: February 2021

The aims of this study are to improve thermal characteristics and decrease electrical consumption of air-conditioning as well as, to increase the performance (COP) of cooling cycle. CuO nanoparticles (0.003 mass fraction) have been added to compressor oil of air conditioning (1 ton capacity, split-unit) used Freon gas (R22), and then compared with pure oil compressor of air conditioning under same environmental conditions. The results showed that the increasing of density ratio, COP and viscosity ratio are 3%, 50% and 1.8% respectively while the decreasing of electrical consumption is 51.2%. The experimental data are compared with previous data in the literature to be validated. It can be recommended that the nano-oil is significant utilizing in air conditioner compressors for energy consumption applications.
Kinetic Study on the Si3N4 Etching in Superheated Water
Authors: Son Changjin , Lim Sangwoo
Published: February 2021

Wet etching of Si3N4 was conducted in superheated water at 160 °C with different additives type and concentration. In general, etching rate of Si3N4 increased with the pH of solution. However, it is difficult to fully explain the Si3N4 etching behavior just with the pH of solution. The OH- concentration (or pH) in superheated water at 160 °C are different from the pH of solution at room temperature. Therefore, the OH- concentrations in superheated water at 160 °C were calculated using van't Hoff equation, equilibrium constant equations, mass and charge balance equations. The calculated OH- concentration at 160 °C showed better correlation with Si3N4 etching rate than that of initial pH of solution.
Characterization of Wetting of Deep Silica Nanoholes by Aqueous Solutions Using ATR-FTIR
Authors: Vereecke Guy , Darcos Audrey , Iino Hideaki , Holsteyns Frank , Sánchez Efrain Altamirano
Published: February 2021

In advanced semiconductor manufacturing, deep hydrophilic nanoholes are found in various applications, which require a wet clean after patterning. In this work, we use an in-situ ATR-FTIR spectroscopy technique to characterize the wetting of nanoholes in a silica matrix by UPW and electrolyte solutions. Wetting was much slower than predicted by a numerical model, while temperature cycling evidenced the formation of unexpectedly stable gas pockets in the wetted nanoholes. Water structuring in the nanoholes was characterized by an analysis of the OH stretching peak. Besides, monitoring the dissolution of CO2 in the wetted nanoholes allowed to compare the diffusivity in the nano-confined solutions with that in bulk solutions. Our results strongly suggest that the gas pockets were stabilized by the decreased gas diffusivity resulting from water structuring.
New Test Structure Development for Pattern Collapse Evaluations
Authors: Xu Xiu Mei , Pak Murat , Delvaux Christie , Sebaai Farid , Mannaert Geert , Sánchez Efrain Altamirano
Published: February 2021

Test structure development is critical for single wafer pattern collapse evaluations. A good test vehicle not only allows optimization and benchmarking of different processes, but also facilitates understanding of the underlying mechanism. For high aspect ratio silicon nanopillar arrays, by increasing the gap distance in one direction while keeping the other direction constant, an unexpected higher collapse rate is found. This preliminary finding is contradictory to the prevalent models that are based on equilibrium force balance between capillary and mechanical interactions. It is postulated that the asymmetric arrangement of pillars facilitates the formation of liquid bridge and thus more pattern collapse. Such test structures can bring useful insights to understand the dynamic mechanism of pattern collapse.
Direct Analysis of Ultra Trace Metallic Particles in NH3 and HCl Gases by Gas Exchange Device (GED)-ICP-MS
Authors: Kawabata Katsu , Nishiguchi Kohei , Ichinose Tatsu
Published: February 2021

Gas Exchange Device (GED) was integrated with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry(ICP-MS) for analysis of metallic particles in NH3 and HCl gases used in semiconductormanufacturing. A single pg/kg (ppq) level of metallic impurities in these gases could be determinedwithout any sample preparation.
Study on Uniform Deposition on 300 mm Silicon Wafer with Sub-100 nm Sized Particles for Cleaning Application
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Hong Seokjun , Oh Haerim , Chae Seung Ki , Kim Taesung
Published: February 2021

A study for uniform deposition on whole area of wafer was conducted to help check the uniformity of cleaning technology between wafer center to edge. A new method of particle deposition was devised different from the conventional studies using the center nozzle and electric field. Our deposition chamber features wafer rotating method and deposition by the principle of convection and diffusion. In this study, we focused on the effect of wafer rotation speed and rotation number to particle deposition result. After setting the optimum condition, fine results with well deposited shape on whole area of the wafer and outstanding particle size uniformity of more than 70% were obtained. Although particle size shift phenomenon occurred in the measurement result using SP5 due to the intrinsic principle, SEM analysis demonstrated that particles with 60, 80 nm sized silica particles were well deposited on wafer. We believe the standard wafer made by our particle deposition system could be utilized and helpful for performance evaluation and development of wafer cleaning technologies.
Scalable Particle Removal for sub-5 nm Nodes
Authors: Yoshida Yukifumi , Akiyama Katsuya , Zhang Song , Ueda Dai , Inaba Masaki , Takahashi Hiroaki
Published: February 2021

Wet cleaning has become challenging as the feature size of semiconductor devices decreased to sub-5 nm nodes. One of the key challenges is removing various types and sizes of particles and contamination from complex and fragile 3D structures without pattern damage and film loss. Conventional physical cleaning methods, such as dual-fluid spray or megasonic cleaning, are being used for the particle removal process. However, in advanced device nodes, these methods induce pattern damage and film loss. In this paper, we describe a novel particle removal technology called Nanolift which uses a polymer film consisting of two organic resins with different functions and achieved high particle removal efficiency on various types and sizes of particles with no pattern damage and minimum film loss.
The Effect of Thermal Aging on Nano-Particle Removal
Authors: Kim Yeoho , Jin Seung Wan , Kim Hyun Tae , Kim Tae Gon , Won Kyu Hwang , Park Jin Goo
Published: February 2021

The cleanness of the wafer backside is vital in improving process quality and device yield for advanced technology nodes, 10, 7 nm, and beyond [1,2]. Defects such as particles and scratches on the wafer backside could be sources of local deformation of a wafer [2], causing the photolithography hotspot generation [3], the local variation of film thickness, wafer breakage, so on. The micron-size particle defects are easily generated during deposition, etch, CMP processes, and they can be easily transferred to subsequent processing tools. The particles will be exposed to various process conditions such as high compressive stress and high temperature, and it can be seen on the end-effector and wafer chuck in the process chamber. In order to make the wafer backside clean, we need to understand the behavior of particle adhesion and removal, especially at high temperature. In this paper, the adhesion behavior of aged particles at high temperature and the footprint of them were studied.
Mechanism of PVA Brush Loading with Ceria Particles during Post-CMP Cleaning Process
Authors: Sahir Samrina , Cho Hwi Won , Yerriboina Nagendra Prasad , Kim Tae Gon , Hamada Satomi , Park Jin Goo
Published: February 2021

Brush scrubbing is a well-known post CMP cleaning process. Interaction between PVA brush and the particles removed during the process must be considered while designing a cleaning process. In this work, the effect of cleaning solution pH was investigated in terms of particle removal from the wafer and subsequent loading to the PVA brush nodule. Higher cleaning of particles from wafer was observed for pH 2 and 12 cleaning solutions and poor cleaning for pH 7 cleaning solution. In contrast, the brushes were loaded heavily for pH 7 compared to pH 2 and 12. Higher electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged PVA and ceria surfaces provided higher ceria particles loading to PVA brush in acidic and neutral cleaning solutions. This particle loading to PVA brush can further effect cleaning efficiency as well as cross-contamination.
Selective Nickel Platinum Removal without Titanium Nitride Metal Gate Corrosion
Authors: Garnier Philippe , Audouin Marine , Pizzetti Christian , Loup Virginie , Gabette Laurence , Morote Carlos , Dekraker David , Schwab Brent
Published: February 2021

During silicide formation, unreacted NiPt metals is traditionally removed either by aqua regia (ESH concern) or SPM. This latter can easily degrade the device yield in HKMG (High K Metal Gate) nodes if the metal gates (usually TiN based) aren’t perfectly encapsulated. First some new characterizations are presented to better understand the NiPt metal alloy removal, then a new solution is given to be able to remove this alloy without degrading HKMG materials.
Wafer Container Monitoring Concerning Airborne Molecular Contaminations along a 300 mm Power Semiconductor Production Flow
Authors: Franze Peter , Schneider Germar , Kaskel Stefan
Published: February 2021

The focus of the study was to understand the behavior of airborne molecular contaminations (AMC) within the 300 mm wafer containers called front-opening unified pods (FOUPs) in a high-volume fabrication facility for power semiconductors of Infineon Technologies Dresden. A main goal was to implement new concepts and strategies to prevent the different power semiconductors from any yield losses driven by AMC. It could be shown, that there is a strong dependency of the concentration and the type of the determined contaminations on the investigated process steps.
Poly-γ-Glutamic Acid Encapsulation of Bacillus anthracis Inhibits Human Dendritic Cell Responses
Authors: Jelacic Tanya M , Ribot Wilson J , Tobery Steven A , Chabot Donald J , Friedlander Arthur M
Published: February 2021

The capsule of Bacillus anthracis is composed of a d isomer poly-γ-glutamic acid polymer, which is especially nonstimulatory to dendritic cells, even more so than similar mixed d, l isomer polymers from nonpathogenic Bacillus species. Capsule is an essential virulence factor for B. anthracis, protecting the bacilli from phagocytosis by innate immune cells. In this study, we demonstrate that encapsulation provides a further pathogenic advantage by shielding more inflammatory Ags on the bacillus surface, thereby reducing dendritic cell responses. We exposed human immature dendritic cells (DCs) to increasing multiplicities of infection (MOIs) of killed B. anthracis bacilli from the fully encapsulated wild-type Ames strain (WT) and an isogenic capsule-deficient strain (capA mutant). Both strains elicited robust cytokine responses, but IL-23, TNF-α, and IL-10 were significantly reduced in response to the encapsulated WT compared with capA mutant up to an MOI of 15. capA mutant bacilli could induce phenotypic maturation of immature DCs with upregulation of MHC classes I and II, CD83, and CCR7 at an MOI of 3.75, whereas encapsulated WT bacilli still did not induce significant upregulation of MHC classes I and II at an MOI of 15. DCs exposed to capA mutant bacilli (MOI 3.75) exhibited CCR7-dependent chemotaxis that was comparable to that of LPS-stimulated controls, whereas DCs exposed to encapsulated WT bacilli exhibited significantly less chemotaxis. We conclude that capsule shields more inflammatory surface Ags, delaying development of an adaptive immune response by reducing TNF-α, thereby inhibiting DC maturation.
Exploring coupling effect between urban heat island effect and PM2.5 concentrations from the perspective of spatial environment
Authors: Fang Yunhao , Gu Kangkang
Published: February 2021

The coupling effect between urban PM2.5 concentrations and urban heat island effect has been paid more and more attention to. Previous studies mostly focused on the analysis of data correlations, lacking the interpretation of the formation texture. Taking Hefei as the subject, this study combined the spatial statistical model with the coupling coordination degree model to explore the influence of spatial environment-related indicators on the coupling effect of cities. In addition, at the micro level, the paper used grid unit to verify the relevance and made a comprehensive analysis on the formation texture of coupling effect. The results indicated that: (1) there is a significant coupling effect between the urban heat island intensity and PM2.5 concentrations in the main urban area of Hefei with significant spatial heterogeneity. (2) to some extent, the indicators of urban spatial environment, including vegetated areas, buildings, residential land, commercial land, industrial land, building density, floor area ratio, building form ratio, the densities of road junctions and sub-arterial roads, have different effects on the coupling effect. In general, the higher the degree of human activity, the higher the degree of coupling effect. (3) the coupling effect may be influenced by a variety of spatial environment factors.
Çeviride Distopya/Distopyanın Çevirisi: Swastika Geceleri Örneği
Authors: ABDAL Göksenin
Published: February 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, Encore Yayınevi tarafından 2014 yılında Mehtap Gün Ayral çevirisiyle yayınlanan Katharine Burdekin’in feminist spekülatif eseri Swastika Geceleri’nde [Swastika Night] (1937) çevirmen görünürlüğünü/görünmezliğini tartışmaktır. Çalışmanın birinci bölümünde, feminist spekülatif yazın kısaca tanıtılmakta ve feminist spekülatif yazın eserlerinin çevirisinde öne çıkan unsurlara (biçem, biçim, sözcük seçimi, belirli bir alana özgü jargon kullanımı, vb.) yer verilmektedir. Çalışmanın ikinci bölümünde, Lawrence Venuti’nin kuramsal bakış açısından hareketle şeffaflık ile akıcılık, yerlileştirme ile yabancılaştırma, görünürlük ile görünmezlik ikiliklerine dair kuramsal bir çerçeve çizilmekte, bu kavramların çeviri kararları bağlamında olası yansımaları ele alınmaktadır. Çalışmanın üçüncü bölümünde ise, Swastika Geceleri çevirmeni Mehtap Gün Ayral’ın kararları üç başlık altında değerlendirilmektedir: Birinci alt başlıkta, biçimsel düzeyde kararlara, ikinci alt başlıkta, sözcük düzeyinde kararlara, üçüncü alt başlıkta ise sözdizimi düzeyinde kararlara odaklanılmaktadır. Böylece, feminist spekülatif bir metin olarak öne çıkan Swastika Geceleri’nin çevirisinde hangi unsurların önem kazandığı, söz konusu unsurların çevirisinde alınan kararların çevirmeni daha görünür/görünmez kılıp kılmadığı sorularına yanıtlar aranmıştır. Yerlileştirme ve yabancılaştırma stratejileri bağlamında alınan çeviri kararları incelendiğinde, çevirmen Mehtap Gün Ayral’ın öznel kararlar almaktan çekinmediği ve bir çevirmen-yazar profili oluşturduğu gözlemlenmiştir.
Effectiveness of Concept Cartoons on Pre-service Science Teachers’ Conceptual Understandings in Organic Chemistry
Authors: Sendur Gulten , Sapa Yelda , Gürer Nur , Ataseven Birol
Published: February 2021

The fact that the topic of alcohols is related to many topics in organic chemistry has enabled this subject to have an important place in organic chemistry. This study aimed at analyzing the effect of concept cartoon-based teaching on eliminating the alternative conceptions pre-service teachers have about alcohols. Toward this aim, the study, based on a quasi-experimental design, was conducted with pre-service  science teachers studying in science education department in  Turkey, with one class being randomly selected as the experimental group (N=38), the other as a control (N=42). Both groups were administered an alcohol concept test (ACT) as a pre- and post-test. While the  concept cartoon-based teaching was implemented in the experimental group, traditional teaching was  followed in the control group. The results of the research revealed no significant difference between the groups according to the pre-test scores, but a significant difference favoring the experimental group was noted in the post-test scores. It was consequently found that concept cartoon-based  teaching was more effective than traditional teaching in the desired level of conceptual understanding.
Cognition and the Language of Learning in South Africa: A Grade 10 Economics Perspective
Authors: Schlebusch Gawie
Published: February 2021

In South Africa an increasing number of learners are taught through the medium of English. Limited English proficiency (LEP) learners who enter classes where English is the language of learning, encounter serious problems in coping with their academic work. These learners have usually acquired informal, colloquial language or Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS), but lack Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP). The primary aim of this article is to explore the language dilemma which Grade ten LEP learners' experience. From these findings, recommendations are made concerning ways in which educators can support English language acquisition in the context of the learning areas for which they are responsible. In this study the focus is on LEP learners in the Economics classroom. Although Economics has its own "language" or terminology, concepts are explained in English by the educator, as it is the language of learning. The researcher is a lecturer in the methodology of Economics, and became aware of the language problems of LEP learners while evaluating his student educators in the school setting.
A Principled Complementarity of Method: In Defence of Methodological Eclecticism and the Qualitative-Quantitative Debate
Authors: Roberts Andy
Published: February 2021

I found PhD study to be a stimulating, challenging and ideal conduit for exploring knowledge via discussion, argument and defence: to have the opportunity to explore method, methodology, epistemology, ontology and what may constitute 'acceptable' research practice is an enriching experience. I had previously heard of intepretivists decrying positivists et cetera, but I was unprepared to find quantitative researchers and lecturers openly dismissing qualitative approaches, and finding dismissals by qualitative researchers of the use of a quantitative approach: such are disappointing and confusing to a trainee researcher. Thus, a far less enriching experience for a trainee researcher is being faced with assumptions and preferences of experienced researchers that extend from defending approach to decrying any approaches that may not be aligned to their own. As a result, this paper will focus upon the quantitative-qualitative debate (QQD) and offer a critical evaluation upon the issues surrounding affiliations between method and epistemological paradigm. It will also question the validity of 'traditional' divides between qualitative and quantitative methods. This discussion will facilitate an answer to the question: 'can the researcher complement quantitative with qualitative method - and vice versa - within the same research paradigm and subsequent design'? I will explore here a claim that no more than a rhetorical link exists between method and epistemology and that the 'distinctions' between quantitative and qualitative methods are often erroneous and do not always reflect differing paradigmatic assumptions. Further, I will suggest quantitative and qualitative methods be used in a complementary fashion as opposed to an integrated approach. I will further claim that the quantitative-qualitative debate has much to offer trainee researchers and should thus be kept open, as long as unprejudiced and tolerant discussion is encouraged.
"Planned Barriers" Against Destructive Psychological Processes in Care Organizations
Authors: Fyhr Gurli
Published: February 2021

This is the first study in a long-term qualitative, theory generating, research project aimed at uncovering conditions that facilitate development of destructive psychological processes in care organizations. Special focus was put on three previously identified problem areas, i.e., staff privileges, conflicting educational traditions/cultures among staff, and psychological reparative work on the part of the staff. A special approved home for teenage boys with serious psychosocial, drug and criminal problems was studied. The strategy used was grounded theory together with abductive reasoning. Data were collected using institutional documents, questionnaires and individual psychotherapeutic interviews. In spite of a target group with serious psychosocial problems, strong institutional boundaries, and staff without professional training in caring, no destructive processes strong enough to obstruct care were found in this institution. The purposed explanation is that the combined effect of history, institutional structure and routines, and psychological conditions has prevented destructive processes from developing. When attention is paid to these conditions, they may be deliberately used as "planned barriers", protecting against destructive psychological institutional processes.
The Technicity Paradigm and Scientism in Qualitative Research
Authors: Steiner Carol
Published: February 2021

This philosophical paper suggests that almost all academic research, including qualitative research, is conducted under the influence of a "technicity paradigm" which values objectivity, generalisability and rationality. This paper explores, from a Heideggerian perspective, the fundamental characteristics of research under the influence of technicity and discusses how these characteristics manifest in qualitative research. It includes a reflection on what qualitative research might be like if it could escape the influence of technicity and realise its potential for inclusive and relevant knowledge making.
Going Beyond the Demonstrable Range in Educational Scholarship: Exploring the Intersections of Poetry and Research
Authors: Percer Liza
Published: February 2021

This essay reflects on experimental writing that incorporates poetry into research. The author supports the move toward research writing that breaks the constraints of traditional academic writing, but raises the concern that such writing must not casually adopt the form and name of poetry without studying the craft. Along these lines, she suggests that in order for work that introduces poetry into research to be done effectively, researchers must study the craft of writing poetry as critically as they study the craft of writing research. Finally, the author suggests that instead of attempting to map poetry onto research, researchers may be better served by borrowing from the poetic to more accurately define the goals, quality, and purpose of experimental writing. In this way, researchers may learn from poetry to further enhance their own critical art.
Factors Related to Community Mobilization and Continued Involvement in a Community-Based Effort To Enhance Adolescents' Sexual Behaviour
Authors: Joffres Christine , Langille Deborah , Rigby Janet , Langille Donald
Published: February 2021

Purpose: This article describes and proposes a model of the factors that influenced community members' initial mobilization, continuing effort, or lack of involvement in a community based-intervention on adolescents' sexual health in Nova Scotia, Canada. Design: This study was conducted within the constructivist paradigm and guided by the principles of grounded theory. Methods: Factors related to community members' initial and continued involvement were explored using analyses of the contents of in-depth interviews and written documentation through pattern identification, clustering of conceptual groupings, identification of relationships between variables, constant comparisons, and theoretical memos. Subjects: Respondents included 14 participants, the 12 members of the Board of Directors and two paid staff (i.e., the project coordinator and the health centre nurse). Results: Specific personal, community-related, and organizational factors have influenced community members' involvement in the project. These factors were grouped into an explanatory model.
Gambaran Integritas Diri Pada Lansia Di Panti Wredha (Overview of Elderly Self-integrity in Elderly Nursing Home)
Authors: Cahyanti Retno Budi , Sari Febriana Sartika , Putri Diyanah Syolihan Rinjani
Published: February 2021

The number of the elderly in Indonesia increases adequately significantly (Putri, 2019). Life expectancy in Indonesia reaches 71 years old. Based on the population projection of the National Board of Statistics in 2019, as of 2010 the number of elderly population has increased, indicating that there is a transition towards an ageing population. In 2019, the number of the elderly population was 9.7% out of the total number of population or equalled to approximately 25.9 million people. In 2035, the number of elderly population will approximately reach 48 million people (15.77%), or will nearly triple that of the elderly population in 2010. The objective of this research is to investigate overview of self-integrity of the elderly at Dharma Bhakti Nursing Home of Surakarta. This research used the quantitative descriptive analytical research method with cross sectional approach. Its population was all of the elderly as many as 66  persons cared at Dharma Bhakti Nursing Home of Surakarta. Total sampling was used to determine its samples. The data of the research were analyzed by using the Deskriptif analysis. The result of the frequency analysis shows that the lowest score of the self-integrity was 5, and the highest one was 24 with the average score of 17.45 and the standard deviation of 3.259. Thus, the average score of self-integrity of the elderly was 17.45. Jumlah penduduk lansia di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan yang cukup signifikan (Putri, 2019). Usia Harapan Hidup di Indonesia mencapai 71 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil proyeksi penduduk Badan Pusat Statistik tahun 2019, jumlah penduduk lansia terjadinya peningkatan mulai dari tahun 2010 yang menunjukkan adanya transisi menuju struktur penduduk tua (ageing population). Pada tahun 2019, jumlah penduduk lansia sebesar 9,7% dari total jumlah penduduk atau sekitar 25,9 juta orang. Tahun 2035 diperkirakan sebesar 48 juta (15,77%), atau hampir tiga kali lipat dibanding pada tahun 2010. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran integritas diri pada lansia di Panti Wredha Dharma Bhakti Surakarta. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah Semua lansia yang dirawat di Panti Wredha Dharma Bhakti Surakarta yang berjumlah 66 orang. Pengambilan sampel dalam penelitian ini menggunakan total sampling. Analisa data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji Analisis Deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Hasil analisis frequency menunjukkan bahwa integritas diri apda lansia memiliki nilai terendah 5, tertinggi 24 dengan rata-rata 17,45 dan standar deviasi 3,259. Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata integritas diri pada lansia adalah 17,45.
A legitimidade ativa ad causam para a cobrança judicial das sanções aplicadas pelo Tribunal de Contas
Authors: Gago Garcia Igor
Published: February 2021

Diante da ausência de regulação específica para a cobrança judicial das sanções administrativas aplicadas pelos Tribunais de Contas, questiona-se a legitimidade ativa para a sua execução judicial. A Constituição Federal de 1988 concedeu a tais sanções a natureza de título executivo extrajudicial, embora não tenha determinado quem seria capaz de persegui-lo em juízo. A jurisprudência parece se consolidar num sentido, apesar de a discussão ainda manter-se viva com questionamentos doutrinários em sentido diverso.
Lei Geral dos Concursos Públicos: necessidade de regulamentação em âmbito nacional
Authors: Magalhães Stephanie
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo defender a necessidade de regulamentação uniforme dos concursos públicos no Brasil. Assim, inicialmente, a partir de pesquisa documental e doutrinária, expõe-se o panorama constitucional sobre a matéria. Em seguida, apresentam-se os problemas decorrentes da falta de regras uniformes sobre concurso público. Posteriormente, questiona-se a possibilidade da sua regulamentação por meio de uma lei nacional. Por fim, examinam-se as normas contidas no Projeto de Lei nº 252/2003.
Serviços sociais autônomos: reflexões após a Constituição de 1988
Authors: Pinho de Sá Maria Beatriz
Published: February 2021

O presente trabalho analisa os Serviços Sociais Autônomos no cenário brasileiro. Essas entidades não integram a Administração Indireta e são caracterizadas por desenvolverem atividades privadas de interesse coletivo e social, cooperando com o Poder Público. Após a Constituição de 1988, foram criadas novas entidades que receberam o rótulo de Serviço Social. Indaga-se a existência no cenário jurídico atual de duas espécies diferenciadas de entidades denominadas Serviços Sociais Autônomos. Não se trata de questão meramente terminológica, mas sim questão que visa estabelecer a qual tipo de controle e normas que se sujeitarão esses novos Serviços.
A Administração Pública na era da valorização dos precedentes judiciais: a necessária redefinição de juridicidade administrativa
Authors: Ferreira Simone
Published: February 2021

Neste trabalho, discute-se a influência dos precedentes judicias vinculantes, notadamente os elencados no artigo 927 do CPC/2015 sobre a atuação da Administração Pública. Considerando que no Brasil a atividade administrativa não mais se pauta na legalidade estrita, mas sim em um princípio mais amplo que é o da juridicidade, o qual envolve o complexo sistema de regras e princípios constitucionais, sustenta-se o entendimento de que não só juízes e tribunais estão vinculados aos precedentes do artigo 927 do CPC/20215, mas também a Administração Pública, apesar de não haver qualquer previsão na lei processual nesse sentido. Com efeito, propõe-se uma redefinição de juridicidade administrativa.
O dever de indenizar decorrente da ruptura injustificada das tratativas: uma análise sobre a responsabilidade civil pré-contratual
Authors: Vasconcelos Carlos Henrique de
Published: February 2021

A responsabilidade pré-contratual pela ruptura injustificada das tratativas tem sido aplicada no direito brasileiro devido aos esforços da doutrina e da jurisprudência que a fundamentam no princípio da boa-fé objetiva. Em que pese os avanços sobre o tema na última década, especialmente os estudos que buscam seu fundamento na boa-fé objetiva, ainda existem aspectos do instituto que merecem ser objeto de análise. Este trabalho busca contribuir para a difusão do conhecimento sobre o instituto, apresentando algumas das principais discussões sobre o tema e examinando o dano indenizável e o interesse tutelado pela responsabilidade pré-contratual pela ruptura injustificada das negociações preliminares.
La tecnología educativa entiempos de pandemia
Authors:   Gladys del Carmen Medina Morales,   Silvia Patricia Aquino Zúñiga,   Márcia Lopes Reis
Published: February 2021

En los inicios del siglo XXI uno de los desafíos de las Instituciones Educativas era contrarrestar la brecha digital, es decir, incrementar el número de personas relacionadas con los nuevos soportes tecnológicos para disminuir las desigualdades de acceso al conocimiento y a las nuevas formas de comunicación para, de esta manera, construir un escenario donde las posibilidades de las personas se acercaran a instancias un poco más democráticas. (...) ¡Esto pasará! No tengas ninguna duda. La vacuna llegará y el coronavirus, será un recuerdo, solo es cuestión de tiempo. La tecnologia educativa en tiempos de pandemia. La temporalidad de las personas lectoras, que tengan la suerte de tener en sus manos esta producción, será influyente en su ánimo. Tendrán un lente diferente de “La tecnología educativa en tiempos de pandemia”. El futuro nos dará tranquilidad y la perspectiva del momento histórico que trastocó nuestra cotidianidad y la del mundo. Sin dudas, el impacto de mayor masividad en la historia de la humanidad, que ojalá, en ese futuro, podamos decir que aquello construyó una sociedad más justa, más solidaria y nos acercó, un paso más, al sueño de un bienestar de todos y para todos".
PLANKTONIC COMMUNITY IN WATERBODIES OF THE KHARANORSKAYA SDPP: CURRENT STATE AND DINAMICS
Authors: Afonina E. , Tashlykova N.
Published: February 2021

This paper presents the results of studies of phyto- and zoop-lankton communities in reser-voirs of the Kharanorskaya SDPP cooling system (cooling pond, water supply and drai-nage channels), conducted in April, July and October of 2019. Long-term changes in the diversity and structure of planktonic associations during 1995–2019 are analyzed. A total of 141 taxa of algae ranked below the genus level and 52 taxa of invertebrates are identified in plankton. The phytoplankton total abundance and total biomass changed from 20 to 742×103 cells/l and from 65 to 711 mg/m3; zooplankton, from 7 to 212×103 ind./m3 and from 0.01 to 2.7 g/m3. The greatest abundance of algae was observed in summer and autumn, invertabrates – in spring and summer. Long-term observations of planktonic biocenoses show an increase in the species richness of diatoms and rotifers and a decrease in green algal and chrysophyts. Also there is a tendency towards a decrease in the phyto- and zooplankton total abundance as the abundance of cyanophytes, green algal, rotifers and cladocerans increases.