bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptive backstepping control design for ball and beam system
Authors: Al-Dujaili Ayad Q. , Humaidi Amjad J. , Pereira Daniel Augusto , Ibraheem Ibraheem Kasim
Published: June 2021

Ball and Beam system is one of the most popular and important laboratory models for teaching control systems. This paper proposes a new control strategy to the position control for the ball and beam system. Firstly, a nonlinear controller is proposed based on the backstepping approach. Secondly, in order to adapt online the dynamic control law, adaptive laws are developed to estimate the uncertain parameters. The stability of the proposed adaptive backstepping controller is proved based on the Lyapunov theorem. Simulated results are presented to illustrate the performance of the proposed approach.
Watching the Watchmen
Authors: Sessions Erin Martine
Published: June 2021

In Australia, one woman a week is killed by a current or former partner. But what has this to do with Song of Songs, an expedition through love and the bodies making it? The Song has become an idealised representation of mutually respectful lovers, but there is violence in the text. Building on my previous research into Song of Songs 1:1-6 and intimate partner violence, and using the same interdisciplinary approach combining feminist biblical interpretation and Australian social research, this article recognises the violence against the woman of the Song by the city’s night watchmen at 5:7, and dialogically explores both its significance for an Australian context rife with violence against women, and what light our Australian context sheds on the Song. The Song of Songs is difficult poetry which requires careful consideration, but there is much we can learn from this bi-directional questioning of the text.
Provincialism as Asset and Predicament
Authors: Karagiannis Evangelos
Published: June 2021

The present article problematizes the dominant image of Pentecostalism as a par excellence global, context-sensitive and anti-nationalist form of Christianity by analysing the development over the last fifty years of the leading Pentecostal church in Greece, where nationalism has strong roots and is closely linked to Orthodox Christianity. It can be established that the church’s adaptation to dominant religious expectations in Greece did ensure its hegemonic position among Greek Pentecostals but it also involved its disconnection from global Pentecostalism. Furthermore, the very success of the church over the first three decades after its establishment stimulated a structural rigidity, which in turn proved to be fatal for its capacity to adapt to an ever-changing social context in Greece. Being neither globalist nor adaptive, the largest Greek Pentecostal church has remained stagnating.
Challenges of Diagnosing Congenital Heart Defects — Anomalous Origin of the Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery
Authors: Naumenko E. I. , Grishutkina I. A. , Samoshkina E. S.
Published: June 2021

Background. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) also known as Bland — White — Garland syndrome is a rare congenital heart defect that affects 1 in every 300 000 newborns, thus comprising 0.22% of all congenital heart defects and 0.4–0.7% of critical congenital heart defects. In case of a more favorable disease course, symptoms typically appear between the 1st and 2nd months after birth. The ECG may show typical signs of ischemia, myocardial infarction, and left ventricular hypertrophy. The EchoCG is more informative as it enables the visualization of coronary artery orifices. Surgical correction is the only treatment method for this heart defect.

Case report.Patient G.S.V., one month of age, was admitted to the neonatal pathology unit. Based on the physical examination the patient’s condition was severe. The skin was pale with cyanosis of the nasolabial triangle. The respiration rate was accelerated (50–52 breaths per minute) with the indrawing of the intercostal spaces. The displacement of the apex beat 1 cm to the left of the left midclavicular line was revealed by palpation. The displacement of the left border of the relative cardiac dullness to the anterior axillary line was revealed by percussion. Upon auscultation, the first heart sound at the heart apex was decreased, and there was a blowing systolic murmur radiating to the left anterior axillary line. Upon examination the child was diagnosed with severe acute acquired non-rheumatic diffuse viral bacterial carditis. The lack of improvement in the child’s condition following the myocarditis treatment and the examination results were suggestive of the anomalous coronary artery. The child was transferred by emergency to the Penza Federal Center of Cardiovascular Surgery where the diagnosis was confirmed.

Conclusion. Despite being rare, this congenital heart defect may be diagnosed in clinical pediatric practice. A thorough record of complaints and medical history is an important step in its early diagnosis, and the presence of signs of heart failure requires additional examination. In case of suspected myocardial lesions, presence of high troponin levels and other markers of myocardial injury in the blood, ECG signs of myocardial ischemia and lack of improvement despite the treatment conducted, pathologic changes in the coronary arteries must be ruled out.
Altıncı Sınıf Matematik Dersinde Materyal Destekli Bir Öğretim Ortamında Hacim Kavramına Giriş
Authors: OKUYUCU Ümmügülsüm , ÖZDEMİR ERDOĞAN Emel
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı ortaokul matematik dersi öğretim programında geometri ve ölçme öğrenme alanında altıncı sınıf seviyesinde kazanımı verilen hacim kavramının öğretiminde kavramsal bilgiden işlemsel bilgiye geçiş şeklinde tasarlanan bir öğrenme sürecinde öğrencilerdeki kavramsal gelişimi incelemektir. Tasarlanan süreç öğrencilere günlük hayatta kullanılan somut materyallerle zenginleştirilmiş öğretim ortamlarını içermektedir. Nitel araştırma yönteminin benimsendiği çalışma bir devlet okulunda altıncı sınıfta öğrenim gören dördü kız, üçü erkek öğrenci olmak üzere toplam yedi öğrenci ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada dört aşamadan oluşan bir öğretim deneyi uygulanmıştır. Öğretim süreci boyunca uygulamaların video kaydı, öğrencilerle yapılan klinik görüşmeler ve uygulama sonrasında çözdürülen yazılı sınav kâğıtlarıyla veriler toplanmıştır. Disiplinler arası bir yaklaşımın temel alındığı matematik derslerinde işlemsel bilginin ötesinde öğrencilere öncelikle ölçme kavramı çerçevesinde hacmin bir büyüklük olarak kavramsallaştırılmaya çalışıldığı öğretim sürecinin etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Ortaokul Matematik Öğretmenlerinin Matematiksel Modelleme Problemini Uygulama Sürecinin İncelenmesi: Uygulamayı Planlama ve Öğretmen Müdahaleleri
Authors: DİDİŞ KABAR Makbule Gözde , İNAN TUTKUN Mukaddes
Published: June 2021

Bu çalışmanın amacı, iki ortaokul matematik öğretmeninin bir matematiksel modelleme problemini kendi öğrencileri ile uygulama sürecini, uygulamayı planlama, uygulama sürecinde öğretmen müdahaleleri ve uygulama sürecini değerlendirmeleri açısından incelemektir. Bu çalışma nitel durum çalışması olarak tasarlanmış ve 2018-2019 eğitim öğretim yılında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın katılımcılarını, amaçlı örneklem yöntemlerinden ölçüt örneklemeye göre belirlenmiş farklı devlet ortaokullarında görev yapan iki ortaokul matematik öğretmeni oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmanın amacı kapsamında “Spor Ayakkabı Problemi” adlı modelleme problemi, matematik öğretmenleri tarafından sınıflarında uygulanmıştır. Bu çalışmanın veri kaynaklarını, öğretmenlerin uygulama planları, uygulama öncesi ve sonrası yarı yapılandırılmış birebir görüşmeler, uygulama sürecinin ses ve video kayıtları oluşturmaktadır. Bulgular, iki öğretmenin de uygulamalarını planlayarak 80 dakikalık bir sürede planlı bir şekilde yürüttüklerini ortaya koymuştur. Aynı zamanda, öğretmen müdahaleleri ile ilgili bulgular öğretmenlerin uygulama sürecinde sergiledikleri müdahale amacı olarak ikisinin de benzer şekilde en çok öğrenci düşüncelerine tanı koyma amaçlı müdahalelerde, müdahale alanı olarak ise en çok organizasyonla ilgili müdahalelerde bulunduğunu göstermiştir. Diğer taraftan bulgular, birtakım olumsuzluklarla karşılaşmalarına rağmen, öğretmenlerin ilk uygulama süreçlerini hem kendileri hem de öğrencileri açısından genel olarak olumlu geçen bir uygulama olarak değerlendirdiklerini ortaya koymuştur. Bu çalışmanın bulguları öğretmenlerin modelleme problemini sınıf ortamında uygulama sürecine yönelik hem pratiğe hem de desteğe ihtiyaçları olduğuna işaret etmektedir.
Diagnosis and treatment of heart tamponade (a literature review)
Authors: Evtushenko A. V. , Tarasov R. S. , Mamchur S. E. , Shukevich D. L. , Lebedev D. I. , Sizova I. N.
Published: June 2021

Highlights. Current and emerging approaches in diagnosis and treatment strategies in cardiac tamponade are discussed. Particular attention is focused on the choice between pericardiocentesis or open surgical drainage as live-saving approaches to treat pericardial effusion in patients with urgent conditions.

The article provides a systematic review of the literature on current and emerging approaches in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiac tamponade. We explored the decision-making process in diagnosis and treatment of pericardial decompression in pericardial effusion to provide clinicians with additional support in the assessment of high-risk patients requiring immediate intervention and those patients who should be transferred to specialized clinics and/or can be safely delayed for pericardiocentesis. The complex issues of choosing between pericardiocentesis or open surgical drainage of pericardial effusion to save the lives of patients with urgent conditions are considered. In addition, the practical aspects of manipulations and technologies for monitoring their implementation are highlighted.
Current trends in routine myocardial revascularization
Authors: Ivanov S. V. , Sumin A. N.
Published: June 2021

Highlights. A 12-year experience of myocardial revascularization at the Research Institute of Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases is reported. An increase in the number of patients with comorbidities resulted in more complex surgeries. Perioperative mortality and complication rates are consistent with the reported global data.

Aim. To assess the temporal changes in baseline characteristics of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), the range of surgical interventions, and the structure of significant in-hospital complications following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).

Methods. 9,043 patients who underwent CABG between 2006 and 2018 were identified from a prospective CABG registry. 1,847 (20.4%) were women (the mean age of 63.11±7.4 years) and 7,196 (79.6%) were men (the mean age of 59.0±7.9 years). The main parameters on the underlying cardiovascular disease and comorbidities, the prevalence and extent of non-cardiac atherosclerosis, the type of CABG, and the volume of associated surgical interventions as well as the structure of perioperative complications were included in the statistical analysis.

Results. We determined several trends characterizing the temporal changes in the clinical, morphological, and functional status of patients. The number of women undergoing CABG has increased 2.7-fold. The mean age of patients undergoing CABG has increased by 7.3 years. Patients are present with higher rates of comorbidities, including AF, diabetes (a 2.5-fold increase), hypertension (a 12% increase), as well as severe BCA stenoses (a 2.7-fold increase), a positive history of stroke, or TIA (a 2.1-fold increase). The number of combined surgical procedures during CABG has increased by 2.9. The prevalence of perioperative neurological and hemorrhagic complications requiring revision surgery, and deep wound infection have increased 4.3-fold. Waiting time for elective CABG has significantly reduced. The number of patients with a history of myocardial infarction (a 14.5% decrease) and severe peripheral artery disease has decreased. In-hospital mortality has decreased over the past decade.

Conclusion. Over the past decade, the number of patients with comorbidities who require more complex surgeries has increased at the Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases. Perioperative mortality tends to decrease. However, an increase in the number of neurological, hemorrhagic, and infectious perioperative complications requires the initiation of new preventive measures.
Early-term surgical outcomes after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection
Authors: Plotnikov M. V. , Gorbatykh Yu. N. , Arkhipov A. N. , Omelchenko A. Yu. , Galstyan M. G. , Ivanzov S. M. , Bogachev-Prokophiev A. V. , Soynov I. A.
Published: June 2021

Highlights. The geometry of the left atrium and the growth of the left heart after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection are evaluated for the first time.

Aim. To assess the morphological and functional characteristics of the left heart after correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection.

Methods. 40 patients referred to the correction of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection were enrolled in a pilot, two-center, simple, blind, prospective randomized study. Patients were assigned to the sutureless repair group (n = 20) and conventional repair group (n = 20).

Results. In the early postoperative period, the indexed left atrial volume in the group of sutureless repair was 15 (13.65; 17.25) versus 12.85 (10.95; 15.15) in the group of conventional repair, p = 0.057. The end diastolic volume index in the sutureless repair group was 38 (28.5; 45), while in the conventional repair group - 37.1 (31; 47.75), p = 0.48. At the follow-up, the indexed left atrial volume in the group of sutureless repair was 37 (34.5; 38.9) versus 31 (23.6; 35) in the group of conventional repair, p = 0.01. The end diastolic volume index (EDVI) in the group of sutureless repair was 50 (43; 57), while in the group of conventional repair - 50.2 (28.8; 60.9), p = 0.49.

Conclusion. The growth of the left atrium depended on the chosen technique for correcting total anomalous pulmonary venous connection and was higher in the group of sutureless repair (37) compared to the group of conventional repair (31). The proportionality of the growth of the left ventricle did not depend on the surgical technique and was equivalent in both groups.
Vascular remodeling after everolimus-eluting stent implantation in non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome: optical coherence tomography
Authors: Trusov I. S. , Biryukov A. V. , Nifontov E. M. , Ivanchenko R. D. , Melioranskaia E. I.
Published: June 2021

Highlights. Vascular healing response after stenting depends on both, procedure- and patient-related factors. The patient's age, lipid metabolism, the presence of heart failure, myocardial infarction, and the thickness of epicardial adipose tissue affect vascular remodeling after everolimus-eluting stent implantation.

Aim. To identify factors affecting vascular healing response after everolimus-eluting stent implantation in patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome.

Methods. 45 patients with non-ST segment elevation acute coronary syndrome who underwent everolimus-eluting stent implantation were included in a study. Stenting was performed without intravascular imaging guidance. All patients underwent repeated coronary angiography and optical coherence tomography of the stented segment 6 (±2) months after the indexed procedure. 39,860 struts in 4,576 sections were analyzed. The number of uncovered and malapposed struts was estimated, and the healing score was calculated. Cardiovascular death, repeated myocardial infarction, and repeated revascularization of the stented segment 12 months after the stenting were evaluated as a combined endpoint.

Results. 5 patients out of 45 reached the endpoint (11.1%), the main component of which was repeated revascularization. Patients who reached the endpoint had a lower healing score (4.5±2.6 and 19.9±17.9, respectively; p = 0.038). The healing score was lower in men (13.7±14.7 and 26.0±20.0, respectively; p = 0.041), those who had myocardial infarction at the time of stenting (5.5±6.7 for myocardial infarction and 19.8±17.9 for unstable angina, p = 0.045), and those who did not have heart failure (12.2±12.4 and 36.7±19.0, respectively; p = 0.0006). The healing score depended on the severity of the coronary lesion (24.8±19.4 for multivessel lesions, 10.0±8.7 for single-vessel lesions, and 7.3±6.3 for two-vessel lesions, respectively; p = 0.019). The linear regression reported the correlation of the healing score with age, atherogenicity coefficient, and the presence of chronic heart failure. The modified healing score depended on the epicardial fat thickness, atherogenicity coefficient, and blood urea level.

Conclusion. The nature and degree of vascular remodeling after everolimus-eluting stent implantation depends on the patient's age, diagnosis, heart failure, lipid metabolism, and the severity of the coronary lesion. The evaluation of vascular healing response may influence the decision on the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy
Predictors to quality of life improvements in patients with chronic coronary total occlusion depending on the selected treatment strategy
Authors: Badoian A. G. , Krestyaninov O. V. , Khelimskii D. A. , Ibragimov R. U. , Naydenov R. A.
Published: June 2021

Highlights. The impact of clinical, angiographic and procedure-related factors on the quality of life of patients with chronic coronary total occlusions has been reported.

Background. The impact of patient-related factors including clinical and angiographic data and procedure-related factors on the quality of life remains debating.

Aim. To assess the impact of baseline and procedure-related factors on the quality of life in patients with chronic coronary total occlusion.

Methods. 140 patients with chronic single-vessel disease randomly assigned either to the invasive-strategy group or the conservative-strategy group. Quality of life was measured in all patients using the Seattle Angina Questionnaire, European Quality of Life Survey, and Rose Dyspnea Scale after 3 and 12 months. To determine the predictors to the quality of life improvements in both groups, simple and multivariate regression analysis were performed. The baseline clinical, angiographic and procedure-related factors were included in the analysis.

Results. The technical success of the procedure was the independent predictor to quality of life improvement in the invasive-strategy group (OR: 5.8, 95%, CI: 3,26-9.18, p = 0.001). The absence of diabetes mellitus (OR: 0.19, 95%, CI: 0.09-0.84, p = 0.04), CTO of other than left anterior descending artery (OR: 2.1, 95%, CI: 1.09-4.0, p = 0.03) and higher SAQ - 7 score at baseline (OR: 1.1, 95%, CI: 1.04-1.21, p = 0.02) independently predicted the improvements in the quality of life. The indicators of quality of life between the subgroups of subintimal and intraluminal recanalization did not differ significantly in the long-term period. The total SAQ-7 score in the subintimal recanalization subgroup was 85.5 ± 9.1 versus 89.3 ± 9.6 in the intraluminal recanalization subgroup (p = 0.21).

Conclusion. The decision on the management of patients with chronic coronary total occlusions should be made individually, taking into account baseline clinical and instrumental data. The recanalization technique does not affect the quality of life. Its choice should be made individually in order to achieve technical success.
2020 Russian and European clinical practice guidelines for the management of NSTEMI patients: have approaches to antithrombotic therapy been simplified?
Authors: Barbarash O. L. , Kashtalap V. V.
Published: June 2021

Highlights. Prescribtion patterns of antithrombotic therapy in patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes have been comapred in 2020 Russian and European clinical practice guidelines for the management of NSTEMI patients.

A comparative assessment of novel approaches of antiplatelet and anticoagulant therapy recommended in 2020 European and Russian clinical practice guidelines for the management of patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome is reported. In prescribing antiplatelet therapy, ESC guidelines suggest focusing attention on a more complex set of regimens to balance ischemic and hemorrhagic risks. Approaches to prescribing anticoagulant therapy do not differ in the recommendations of two medical societies. Fondaparinux has compelling advantages over other drugs regarding the combination of efficacy and safety in patients.
KUR'AN'IN ANLAŞILMASINDA METAFORLARIN ROLÜ
Authors: KILIÇARSLAN Mustafa
Published: June 2021

Kur’an’daki metaforlar bazen bir varlığın konumunu, bazen vasıflardaki bir mübalağayı bazen de sözcüklerin doğal olarak taşıdığı anlamları dinleyicinin aklına ve gönlüne düşürmek gibi bir amaca hizmet etmektedir. Kur’an’daki benzetmelere ilişkin kavramsal bir tartışmanın yapılmaması ve metaforların Kur’an tasavvuruyla birlikte ele alınmamış olması bizi böyle bir çalışma yapmaya sevk etti. Bu çalışmada ahlâklı fert ve cemiyetin tesisinde Kur’an’ın ifade yapısında yer alan metaforların rolü ele alındı. Kur’an’ın benzerlik olgusuna yüklediği anlam ve ayetlerdeki hikmet çerçevesini çizmede metaforların fonksiyonu ortaya konmaya çalışıldı. Kavramsal bir çözümleme ile metaforun istiare ve teşbih gibi sözcüklerle farkı gösterilmeye gayret edildi. Makalede analitik ve tümevarım düşünce yöntemi tercih edildi.
Todo o nada: ¿abarca la cláusula penal al daño extrapatrimonial contractual?
Authors: Carrera Paúl R.
Published: June 2021

El análisis de la naturaleza de la cláusula penal lleva a cuestionarse qué tan amplio es su ámbito de resarcimiento. Tomando en consideración al debate que ha surgido en los últimos años en lo tocante al resarcimiento de los daños extrapatrimoniales contractuales, ambas discusiones parecen estar interconectadas. Así, es pertinente dilucidar lo que respecta a la procedencia del resarcimiento de los daños extrapatrimoniales contractuales dentro de la cláusula penal. El presente artículo estudiará lo referente a la naturaleza de ambas instituciones y determinará si es que la cláusula penal resarce, o no, a los daños extrapatrimoniales contractuales.
La resolución de la ONU sobre el derecho humano al agua después de una década
Authors: Larson Rhett
Published: June 2021

En los diez años transcurridos desde que la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas reconoció como derecho humano al agua, el mismo ha permanecido en gran parte inaplicable y los esfuerzos para implementarlo han resultado en su mayoría ineficaces o incluso contraproducentes. No obstante, académicos, activistas y profesionales pueden volver a imaginar el derecho humano internacional al agua como un derecho civil y político, en lugar de una garantía sustantiva al agua, de manera que la implementación del derecho humano al agua sea más sostenible, equitativo y ejecutable.
La violencia contra las mujeres en Ecuador a seis años de los ODS
Authors: Villegas Johanna
Published: June 2021

La erradicación de la violencia contra las mujeres y su empoderamiento es una prioridad de la Agenda 2030 y los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible. A seis años de este compromiso internacional, Ecuador mantiene una deuda pendiente con las mujeres y las niñas. A nivel internacional el Estado ha resaltado avances normativos en temas de género; sin embargo, datos recientes dejan ver que las mujeres sufren a diario diversos tipos de violencia que las coloca en una situación de permanente riesgo, tanto en los espacios públicos como privados. Este artículo busca analizar ¿cuál es la situación de violencia contra las mujeres en Ecuador a seis años de los ODS? Para responder a esta interrogante se emplea una metodología basada en el análisis de estadísticas e información de la sociedad civil ecuatoriana bajo los estándares de derechos humanos y la categoría género.
Simplificación administrativa en la transición energética. Un reto para las energías renovables en la UE
Authors: Beltrán Castellanos José Miguel
Published: June 2021

El despliegue en masa de las energías renovables supone uno de los principales desafíos para los ordenamientos jurídicos de los países miembros de la Unión Europea en el horizonte 2030. Por ello, en el presente trabajo se analizan las novedades en el Derecho Europeo que buscan garantizar procedimientos administrativos ágiles y modernos, que permitan autorizar con éxito las instalaciones de producción de energía a partir de fuentes renovables.
Los derechos de la Naturaleza en los tribunales ecuatorianos
Authors: Narváez Alvarez María José , Escudero Soliz Jhoel Marlin
Published: June 2021

El reconocimiento de los derechos de la Naturaleza ha suscitado todo tipo de reacciones en el mundo jurídico, sea a favor o en contra de estos, lo que es esperable con una innovación de tal magnitud, que afecta a la raíz antropocéntrica con la cual se crea y funciona el derecho. Más allá de las propuestas teóricas que se revisan a modo de marco conceptual en el presente estudio, nos proponemos analizar los derechos de la Naturaleza como una práctica judicial, en donde nos encontramos con una constante confusión que se desprende de la aparente relación entre el derecho ambiental y los derechos de la Naturaleza, lo que causa la pérdida de la esencia o vocación de estos últimos, que son de matriz biocéntrica y ecocéntrica. Para demostrar esta afirmación, se realizó el estudio del caso denominado Manglar Mataje Cayapas resuelto por la Corte Constitucional del Ecuador, tomando en cuenta las siguientes variables: relevancia del caso, sujeto de protección, el todo de la Naturaleza y el bien jurídico protegido del derecho ambiental, elementos que son tratados de forma unívoca y no diferencial por los jueces para decidir los casos de los derechos de la Naturaleza, lo que permite sostener que a los tomadores de la decisión judicial no les es posible salir de la matriz basada en el ser humano, la propiedad y el ambiente. Finalmente, en su conjunto el artículo busca despejar las confusiones y contribuye con criterios para que estos casos se decidan desde y para la Naturaleza.
Normas de Derechos Humanos: entre principios y reglas
Authors: Rabanos Julieta
Published: June 2021

En ocasión del 70° aniversario de la Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos (DUDH), propongo reflexionar sobre el problema conceptual relacionado a las disposiciones normativas que son usadas para reconocer y/o establecer derechos humanos. La pregunta puede ser formulada así: estas disposiciones normativas, ¿qué tipo de normas expresan? ¿Son reglas, principios o ambos, de acuerdo con las circunstancias? Responder a esta pregunta implica la solución de dos problemas diferentes. Por una parte, un problema conceptual: ¿qué tipo de teoría o enfoque puede dar mejor cuenta de las normas de derechos humanos? Por otra parte, un problema axiológico: ¿cómo deberíamos considerar a las normas de derechos humanos, de acuerdo con una determinada (correcta, mejor) doctrina o ideología? En este artículo, intento explorar y ofrecer algunas respuestas a esta pregunta central y a sus problemas conectados.
Regulación en los Objetivos del Desarrollo Sostenible. Un enfoque en los países en vías de desarrollo
Authors: Vásconez Steven , Pinos Tamya
Published: June 2021

En esta entrevista, el experto en temas ambientales Antonio Embid Irujo, analiza la problemática de un derecho sostenible en el uso de recursos hídricos con base en los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible de la ONU. La entrevista aborda termas de relevancia jurídica internacional y social que afectan a las personas, con especial énfasis en territorios de pobreza y en vías de desarrollo más allá del panorama actual. Asimismo, se analiza la importancia de las obras hídricas y los distintos métodos de extracción de energía que podrían beneficiar o perjudicar el acceso al agua, pilar básico del desarrollo sostenible.
Presentación del Dossier. El Derecho y su implicación con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible
Authors: Martínez-Moscoso Andrés
Published: June 2021

Presentación del Dossier. El Derecho y su implicación con los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible.
HOW CAN THE SURGE OF SECTARIAN INTOLERANCE IN PAKISTAN BE TACKLED? BRIDGING THE WIDENING DIVIDE
Authors: Mehfooz Musferah , Parveen Safia
Published: June 2021

Problem and aim of the study: This article deals with the causes of the scary rise of sectarian Intolerance, violence, and prejudices in Pakistan. This article also investigates that how sectarian intolerance causes violence in society and what strategies should imply to curtail sectarianism from society? 

Research methods: The research is qualitative, and applies the inductive and deductive methodology to the collected data. The data has been derived from the South Asian Terrorism Portal and to analyze the authenticity the author has collected the shared information from published articles, researches, and government official website that provide the statistics about violence and terrorism.

Main findings: The study concludes by arguing the dire need for the promulgation and dissemination of inclusive thoughts for attaining a tolerant society free from sectarian intolerance because the implications of sectarian violence are a great threat to the peace process in the country.

Application of the study: This study has significant implications from both a theoretical and a realistic perspective. The present study would be useful for policy-makers, to curtail the sectarianism in State. Therefore, the banning of sectarian speeches, sectarian literature, has been strongly suggested. The government should place a moratorium on the printing of sectarian literature for sectarian unity. The study also has tried to make realize to the state actors, including security forces and intelligence agencies, to avoid blame foreign involvement in sectarian polarization and why they ignore the fault lines destabilizing Pakistan's social fabric since Pakistan's inception. Therefore, the study would doubtlessly help decrease unpleasant incidents and reduce religious fanaticism.

Originality and novelty of the study: This is the fact that in the existing literature the least attention has been given to sectarianism in Pakistan. The present study aims to deals with the social, religious, and political aspects of sectarian violence. Therefore, this is the first study that has investigated sectarian violence by exploring the issue of sectarianism from a social, religious, and political perspective.
REVEALING THE EFFECTS OF TEACHERS STIMULATING TECHNOLOGICAL INCLUSION ON UNIVERSITY STUDENTS EDUCATIONAL GAINS: A COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: Hassan Mehboob Ul , Nawaz Haq , Faiz Abu Ul Hassan
Published: June 2021

Purpose of the Study: The purpose of the current research was to measure the effect of male and female teachers technological inclusion used to stimulate university students educational gains. The research have intends to determine the effect of current practices occurring in public and private universities of District Lahore of the Province-Punjab.

Methodology: The researchers structured quantitative research leading to a positivist paradigm adopting ex post facto design to determine the effect of public and private universities teachers stimulating technological inclusion on students educational gains. The researchers administered a self-constructed questionnaire on a sample of 600 respondents. The researchers ran regression analysis and independent-sample t-test to find out effect and comparison.

Main findings: Findings of regression analysis revealed that teachers stimulating technological inclusion affect 68.70% of students educational gains whereas critical thinking and problem solving 66.70%, creativity and innovation 66.70% and, health issues affect 69.10% of students educational gains. Male teachers were more stimulating their technological inclusion as compared to female teachers. Likewise, private sector university teachers were more stimulating their technological inclusion on their students educational gains as compared to public sector university teachers.

Applications of this study: The results of the current research will be applicable for male and female sector universities teachers working in public and private sectors. They will be realistically aware of the actual use of their technological inclusion used to stimulate their students enrolled in other provinces of the Pakistan including Punjab for acquiring better educational gains. The findings of the research will be pertinent to provoke the intends of future research scholars to establish the effect of technological inclusion on social, political, economical, and cultural transformations aspects, unfolding the technological dimensions of artifact, knowledge, process, and volition.

Novelty/originality of this study: The researchers days-and-nights effort bring fruitful consequences in contributing to this evidence-based literature to the existing body of knowledge in the field of teachers technological inclusion. The authors have tremendously determined the effects of teachers technological inclusion used to stimulate university students didactic learning which was never done before from a Pakistani Perspective. The researchers have covered a similar topic to ensure the relevancy, accuracy, and uniformity to engage the attentions of the readers in data sharing.
Análise comparativa da mobilidade ocupacional entre homens e mulheres estrangeiros no mercado formal de trabalho brasileiro / Comparative analysis of occupational mobility between foreign men and women in Brazil’s formal labour market
Authors: Noronha Claudia Lima Ayer de , Vilela Elaine Meire
Published: June 2021

Esse artigo objetiva analisar: i) se mulheres e homens estrangeira(o)s têm padrões de mobilidade ocupacional diferentes no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro; ii) se as mulheres têm menores probabilidades de mobilidade ascendente, quando compa-radas aos seus conterrâneos; iii) e se as chances de mobilidade ascendente entre es-trangeiros e estrangeiras no mercado de trabalho formal brasileiro se diferenciam por grupo de nacionalidade. Para tanto, utilizamos os dados das Relações Anuais de In-formações Sociais (RAIS) de 1995 a 2015 que se referem somente aos trabalhadore(a) s empregado(a)s no mercado formal. Os resultados evidenciam que não são todos os grupos de estrangeiros que apresentam chances de mobilidade diferentes entre homens e mulheres, pois depende da nacionalidade do indivíduo. Para aqueles que apresentam divergências, as chances de mobilidade ascendente são maiores para os estrangeiros comparados às estrangeiras. In this article we analyse whether: i) foreign women and men exhibit different occupational mobility patterns in Brazil’s formal labour market; ii) foreign women are less likely to experience upward mobility than their male peers; and iii) the chances of upward mobility among foreign women and men in Brazil’s formal labour market differ by nationality. To examine these questions, we use the data from the Annual Social Information Reports (RAIS) from 1995 to 2015, which refer exclusively to workers employed in the formal labour market. The results demonstrate that the chances of mobility of men and women do not differ among all groups of foreigners, since this difference is dependent on the nationality concerned. For those groups that do show differences, the chances of upward mobility are higher among men than women.
A Migração Haitiana e a Construção de seus "Nortes": Brasil um "Norte" Alternativo e Temporário
Authors: Diémé Kassoum , Tonhati Tania Mara Passarelli , Pereda Cordova Lorena del Pilar
Published: June 2021

Desde 2010, o número de imigrantes do “Sul Global”no Brasilcresce. A imigração de haitiana, aqui analisada, é caracterizada pelapermanência, circularidade etransitoriedade. Procurado para melhorar de vida, o Brasil é percebidopelos migrantes como umlugardeacumular capitais de mobilidade e expandir acircularidade atéo “Norte Global”. Diante disso, o Brasil se transformouno que Baganha (2002) denomina“uma placa giratória”?Este artigo analisou dados deum projeto de pesquisa do LAEMI(UnB),junto com a UFPR, apoiados pela FAP-DF. A metodologiafoi multisituada, com camposno Brasil eno Haitiem 2018-2019.Observamos queem geral o Brasil é um “Norte Global alternativo” no Sul Global, sendo uma “placa giratória” amenae um “Norte temporário” que tende a se eternizar. Since 2010, Brazil has experienced international migration with greater intensityand complexity. One of the most significant changes faced by the country was the arrival of new migratory flows, especially from Haiti. The Haitian immigration in Brazil has been consolidated and the present study aims to understand: which role Brazil plays in the migratory projects of Haitians? To answer this question, we rely on data from the research named: Immigration and economic crisis: the migratory tac-tics of return and circularity of Haitians. The fieldwork was carried out in Brazil and Haiti, between 2018 and 2019. The results found were that Brazil is seen frequently reported as an “Alternative and Temporary North”, where it is possible to accumulate capital of mobility, education and economic, which allow them expanding their mi-gratory circularity’s horizons.
Development of Data Logger Separator for Bio-Logging of Wild Seabirds
Authors: Abe Takuma , Kubo Natsumi , Abe Kazuki , Suzuki Hirokazu , Mizutani Yuichi , Yoda Ken , Tadakuma Riichiro , Tsumaki Yuichi ,   Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Yamagata University 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan,   Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8601, Japan
Published: June 2021

The bio-logging technique is extensively used in the fields of ecology and ethology, wherein a data logger, such as a sensor or camera, is attached to the target animal’s body to collect the required data. In this method, the efficiency of recovery of the data logger is not ideal. In this study, we proposed a new recovery method, with the aim of addressing the aforementioned problem in bio-logging. The authors previously fabricated a data-logger separator, which weighed approximately 10 g, and was targeted at small seabirds. Because there were some problems associated with the circuit board and the separation performance of this device, we modified the device to overcome the previous drawbacks. We fabricated a flexible printed circuit to improve the operation of the mounted actuator and wireless microcomputer, and improve the efficiency of the fabrication process. We conducted an experiment to determine the proper length and position at which the actuator is attached, in order to achieve a stable motion. We thus fabricated a new prototype with these improvements and performed an operational test at low temperatures from a particular distance, simulating actual usage in a natural environment. The results demonstrated that separation occurred without failure, thus indicating that the separator can be efficiently used in practical environment.
Seabird Biologging System with Compact Waterproof Airflow Sensor
Authors: Takahashi Hidetoshi , Naruoka Masaru , Inada Yoshinobu , Sato Katsufumi ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 223-8522, Japan,   Aeronautical Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 6-13-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan,   Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, School of Engineering, Tokai University 4-1-1 Kitakaname, Hiratsuka, Kanagawa 259-1292, Japan,   Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Published: June 2021

This paper presents a seabird biologging system with a compact waterproof airflow sensor. Although biologging methods have attracted attention in the evaluation of seabird flight performance, a direct measurement method of airflow velocity has not yet been established. When an airflow sensor is added to a biologging system, a more accurate assessment of the flight performance can be obtained. We developed a compact Pitot tube-type airflow sensor that is specialized for seabird biologging systems. Here, we integrated micro electro mechanical system (MEMS) sensor chips and a sensing circuit into the Pitot tube housing. Then, we conducted a wind tunnel experiment using a stuffed seabird and the fabricated sensor. The results confirmed that the sensor responds to the wind speed even when attached to the dorsal surface of the seabird. Based on the above, we believe that the proposed sensor can be applied to practical seabird biologging systems.
Vision-Based Finger Tapping Detection Without Fingertip Observation
Authors: Narita Shotaro ,   Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University 6-6-01 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan, Kagami Shingo , Hashimoto Koichi
Published: June 2021

A machine learning approach is investigated in this study to detect a finger tapping on a handheld surface, where the movement of the surface is observed visually; however, the tapping finger is not directly visible. A feature vector extracted from consecutive frames captured by a high-speed camera that observes a surface patch is input to a convolutional neural network to provide a prediction label indicating whether the surface is tapped within the sequence of consecutive frames (“tap”), the surface is still (“still”), or the surface is moved by hand (“move”). Receiver operating characteristics analysis on a binary discrimination of “tap” from the other two labels shows that true positive rates exceeding 97% are achieved when the false positive rate is fixed at 3%, although the generalization performance against different tapped objects or different ways of tapping is not satisfactory. An informal test where a heuristic post-processing filter is introduced suggests that the use of temporal history information should be considered for further improvements.
Auditory Virtual Reality for Insect Phonotaxis
Authors: Ando Noriyasu , Shidara Hisashi , Hommaru Naoto , Ogawa Hiroto ,   Department of Systems Life Engineering, Maebashi Institute of Technology 460-1 Kamisadori-cho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-0816, Japan,   Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8904, Japan,   Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan,   Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University Kita 10, Nishi 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0810, Japan
Published: June 2021

Insects have a sophisticated ability to navigate real environments. Virtual reality (VR) is a powerful tool for analyzing animal navigation in laboratory studies and is the most successful when used in the study of visually guided behaviors. However, the use of VR with non-visual sensory information, such as sound, on which nocturnal insects rely, for analyzing animal navigation has not been fully studied. We developed an auditory VR for the study of auditory navigation in crickets, Gryllus bimaculatus. The system consisted of a spherical treadmill on which a tethered female cricket walked. Sixteen speakers were placed around the cricket for auditory stimuli. The two optical mice attached to the treadmill measured the cricket’s locomotion, and the sound pressure and direction of the auditory stimuli were controlled at 100 Hz based on the position and heading of the cricket relative to a sound source in a virtual arena. We demonstrated that tethered female crickets selectively responded to the conspecific male calling song and localized the sound source in a virtual arena, which was similar to the behavior of freely walking crickets. Further combinations of our system with neurophysiological techniques will help understand the neural mechanisms for insect auditory navigation.
Localization of Flying Bats from Multichannel Audio Signals by Estimating Location Map with Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Fujimori Kazuki , Raytchev Bisser , Kaneda Kazufumi , Yamada Yasufumi , Teshima Yu , Fujioka Emyo , Hiryu Shizuko , Tamaki Toru ,   Hiroshima University 1-4-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8527, Japan,   Doshisha University 1-3 Tatara-miyakodani, Kyotanabe, Kyoto 610-0394, Japan,   Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan
Published: June 2021

We propose a method that uses ultrasound audio signals from a multichannel microphone array to estimate the positions of flying bats. The proposed model uses a deep convolutional neural network that takes multichannel signals as input and outputs the probability maps of the locations of bats. We present experimental results using two ultrasound audio clips of different bat species and show numerical simulations with synthetically generated sounds.
Application of Inertial and GNSS Integrated Navigation to Seabird Biologging
Authors: Naruoka Masaru , Goto Yusuke , Weimerskirch Henri , Mukai Takashi , Sakamoto Taichi , Sakamoto Kentaro Q. , Sato Katsufumi ,   Aeronautical Technology Directorate, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) 6-13-1 Osawa, Mitaka-shi, Tokyo 181-0015, Japan,   Centre d’Etudes Biologiques Chizé (CNRS) 79360 Villiers-en-Bois, France,   ATTACCATO Limited Liability Company Osaka Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology Izumi Center F104, 2-7-1 Ayumino, Izumi-shi, Osaka 594-1157, Japan,   Department of Marine Bioscience, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
Published: June 2021

The study demonstrates the versatility of integration of inertial navigation and global navigation satellite system (GNSS) with its unique application to seabird biologging. Integrated navigation was originally developed in the field of aerospace engineering, which requires accurate and reliable position, velocity, and attitude information for the guidance and control of aircraft and spacecraft. Due to its high performance and recent progress of sensor development, integrated navigation has been widely used not only in aerospace but also in many fields represented by land and marine vehicles. One of its ultimate applications under the constraint on the size and power consumption of devices is this study. Seabird biologging involves attaching a logging device onto a seabird for scientific purposes to understand its biomechanics, behavior, and so on. Design restrictions for the device include several tens of grams mass, several tens of millimeters in length, and several tens of milliamperes of power consumption. It is more difficult to maintain the accuracy of such a device than applications to an artificial vehicle. This study has shown that integrated navigation is a feasible solution for such extreme applications with two examples: biologging for wandering albatrosses and great frigatebirds. Furthermore, it should be stressed that the navigation captured the world’s first data of their detailed trajectories and attitudes in their dynamic and thermal soarings. For completeness, the navigation algorithm, simulation results to show the effectiveness of the algorithm, and the logging devices attached to bird are also described.