bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orchestrating corporate social responsibility in the multinational enterprise
Authors: Asmussen Christian Geisler , Fosfuri Andrea
Published: February 2019

Research Summary: Multinational enterprises (MNEs) invest significant resources in corporate social responsibility (CSR), but their attempts to build a global “social brand” may clash with the execution of operational strategies at a subsidiary level. Using a game‐theoretic model, this research addresses the complex interplay of different contingencies that shape the coordination and control challenges facing MNEs when they implement global CSR strategies, including brand spillovers, the risk of public scandals caused by irresponsible behavior, the size of the MNE network, as well as the roles played by nongovernmental organizations and altruistic managers. Challenging the view of CSR as insurance against lapses of responsible conduct, our model shows that investment in social brands helps avoid irresponsible practices across the MNE network, thereby inducing subsidiaries to “walk the talk.”

Managerial Summary: Global social brands are increasingly valuable to multinational enterprises (MNEs), which makes the control and coordination of responsible behavior across their network of foreign subsidiaries a relevant managerial challenge. Indeed, lapses of responsible conduct at the subsidiary level often generate reputational damage at the multinational level. This research explores several mechanisms that help MNEs manage this coordination and control challenge. First, it shows under what conditions MNEs can leverage their investments in social brands to induce responsible practices across their global network. Second, it illustrates how MNEs can exploit collaborations with nongovernmental organizations to reduce the costs of coordinating and controlling their subsidiaries. Finally, it identifies conditions under which MNEs benefit from hiring altruistic managers to run their subsidiaries.
Impact resistance of deflection‐hardening fiber reinforced concretes with different mixture parameters
Authors: Banyhussan Qais S. , Yıldırım Gürkan , Anıl Özgür , Erdem Recep T. , Ashour Ashraf , Şahmaran Mustafa
Published: February 2019

The impact behavior of deflection‐hardening High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Concretes (HPFRCs) was evaluated herein. During the preparation of HPFRCs, fiber type and amount, fly ash to Portland cement ratio and aggregate to binder ratio were taken into consideration. HPFRC beams were tested for impact resistance using free‐fall drop‐weight test. Acceleration, displacement, and impact load versus time graphs were constructed and their relationship to the proposed mixture parameters were evaluated. The paper also aims to present and verify a nonlinear finite element analysis, employing the incremental nonlinear dynamic analysis, concrete damage plasticity model, and contact surface between the dropped hammer and test specimen available in ABAQUS. The proposed modeling provides extensive and accurate data on structural behavior, including acceleration, displacement profiles, and residual displacement results. Experimental results which are further confirmed by numerical studies show that impact resistance of HPFRC mixtures can be significantly improved by a proper mixture proportioning. In the presence of high amounts of coarse aggregates, fly ash, and increased volume of hybrid fibers, impact resistance of fiberless reference specimens can be modified in a way to exhibit relatively smaller displacement results after impact loading without risking the basic mechanical properties and deflection‐hardening response with multiple cracking.
Inspiring creativity in first graders in a public school in Colombia
Authors: Sandra Marina Palencia , Lizeth Alejandra Forero , Adriana Catalina Nossa
Published: February 2019

Creativity plays a pivotal role in a child's development. However, schooling sometimes hinders instead of encouraging this developmental process. This article reviews five tasks designed to teach English as a foreign language and simultaneously encourage students’ creativity. The impact those tasks produced in a first‐grade class are presented. The data were collected by teacher‐researchers and included a study sample of eight students from a first‐grade class of 32 during two academic periods in 2015. The analysis was carried out using the grounded theory method in which researchers attempt to move from data to theory through a process of category identification and consolidation resulting in theory as the product. The research indicates that students were able to express their ideas and thoughts during problem‐solving situations, give hypotheses, and find alternatives that helped them overcome challenges by thinking, analyzing, and designing through creativity.
Initial-state energy loss in cold QCD matter and the Drell-Yan process
Authors: Arleo François , Naïm Charles-Joseph , Platchkov Stephane
Published: February 2019

Abstract

The effects of parton energy loss in nuclear matter on the Drell-Yan process in pA and πA collisions at fixed-target energies are investigated. Calculations are based on the Baier-Dokshitzer-Mueller-Peigné-Schiff (BDMPS) framework embedded in a next-to-leading order calculation, using the transport coefficient extracted from J/ψ measurements. Model calculations prove in good agreement with preliminary measurements by the E906 experiment, despite a slightly different magnitude, supporting a consistent picture between Drell-Yan and J/ψ data. Predictions for the COMPASS future measurements in πA collisions at

$$ \sqrt{s}=18.9 $$

s

=
18.9

GeV are also performed. At higher collision energy (

$$ \sqrt{s}=38.7 $$

s

=
38.7

GeV), Drell-Yan measurements are only slightly affected by energy loss effects. On the contrary, the E906 results turn out in clear disagreement with nuclear PDF effects alone. The comparison of E772, E866, and E906 measurements indicates for the first time a clear violation of QCD factorization in Drell-Yan production in pA collisions.
Exact bosonic Matrix Product States (and holography)
Authors: Janik Romuald A.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We derive an exact formula for a matrix product state (MPS) representation (or a PEPS in higher number of dimensions) of the ground state of translationally invariant bosonic lattice systems in terms of a single one-dimensional Euclidean quantum mechanical path integral with sources. We explicitly evaluate the general formula in the special case of the one-dimensional Klein-Gordon harmonic chain, being a spatial discretization of 1+1 dimensional free boson QFT, obtaining an exact MPS with an infinite dimensional bond space. We analytically diagonalize the transfer matrix obtaining two Fock spaces with continuous modes and check that the exact MPS construction reproduces the correct correlation functions. We also comment on possible holographic interpretations.
Information flows in strongly coupled ABJM theory
Authors: Balasubramanian Vijay , Jokela Niko , Pönni Arttu , Ramallo Alfonso V.
Published: February 2019

Abstract

We use holographic methods to characterize the RG flow of quantum information in a Chern-Simons theory coupled to massive fermions. First, we use entanglement entropy and mutual information between strips to derive the dimension of the RG-driving operator and a monotonic c-function. We then display a scaling regime where, unlike in a CFT, the mutual information between strips changes non-monotonically with strip width, vanishing in both IR and UV but rising to a maximum at intermediate scales. The associated information transitions also contribute to non-monotonicity in the conditional mutual information which characterizes the independence of neighboring strips after conditioning on a third. Finally, we construct a measure of extensivity which tests to what extent information that region A shares with regions B and C is additive. In general, mutual information is super-extensive in holographic theories, and we might expect super-extensivity to be maximized in CFTs since they are scale-free. Surprisingly, our massive theory is more super-extensive than a CFT in a range of scales near the UV limit, although it is less super-extensive than a CFT at all lower scales. Our analysis requires the full ten-dimensional dual gravity background, and the extremal surfaces computing entanglement entropy explore all of these dimensions.
Membrion raises funding to put it on the path to commercialisation in 2019
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: February 2019

Membrion Inc has raised $2.23 million in an oversubscribed series seed funding round to commercialise what it claims is breakthrough membrane technology that can be engineered to meet the needs of a wide range of applications – putting the company on the path to commercialisation in 2019.
De.mem deploys its membrane technology across multiple industry sectors in Asia
Authors: Atkinson Simon
Published: February 2019

Water and wastewater treatment company De.mem Ltd is deploying its proprietary membrane technologies in several interesting pilot and small-scale commercial projects in the automotive, electronics manufacturing, oil and gas, and municipal water treatment sectors in Asia. This brief news focus provides a round-up of the various projects in which the company is involved.
Hegel's Complete Views on Crime and Punishment
Authors: KOMASINSKI ANDREW
Published: February 2019

In this article, I argue that Hegel's complete and mature view of crime and punishment is more robust than many interpretations of theUnrechtpassage in the ‘Abstract Right’ section of Hegel'sElements of the Philosophy of Rightsuggest. First, I explain the value of revisiting the interpretation of Hegel as a simple retributionist in the contemporary debate. Then, I look at Hegel's treatment of crime and punishment in the section on abstract right to show the role of punishment in Hegel's account. Next, I argue that this needs to be situated in Hegel's broader social philosophy and that we can accomplish this by looking at how theUnrechtpassage fits in theElements of the Philosophy of Right’s dialectical structure. I do so by building on the sections on civil society and state in the part ofElements of the Philosophy of Rightdealing with ethical life(Sittlichkeit), which include considerations of prevention and rehabilitation. I contend that this analysis reveals an account of punishment as more complicated than simple retribution.
Ladder epochs and ladder chain of a Markov random walk with discrete driving chain
Authors: Alsmeyer Gerold
Published: February 2019

Let (Mn,Sn)n≥0 be a Markov random walk with positive recurrent driving chain (Mn)n≥0 on the countable state space 𝒮 with stationary distribution π. Suppose also that lim supn→∞Sn=∞ almost surely, so that the walk has almost-sure finite strictly ascending ladder epochs σn>. Recurrence properties of the ladder chain (Mσn>)n≥0 and a closely related excursion chain are studied. We give a necessary and sufficient condition for the recurrence of (Mσn>)n≥0 and further show that this chain is positive recurrent with stationary distribution π> and 𝔼π>σ1><∞ if and only if an associated Markov random walk (𝑀̂n,𝑆̂n)n≥0, obtained by time reversal and called the dual of (Mn,Sn)n≥0, is positive divergent, i.e. 𝑆̂n→∞ almost surely. Simple expressions for π> are also provided. Our arguments make use of coupling, Palm duality theory, and Wiener‒Hopf factorization for Markov random walks with discrete driving chain.
Random systems in ultrametric spaces
Authors: Dawson D. A. , Gorostiza L. G.
Published: February 2019

We discuss percolation and random walks in a class of homogeneous ultrametric spaces together with similarities and differences in ultrametric and Euclidean spaces. We briefly outline the role of these models in the study of interacting systems. Several open problems are presented.
All solutions of the stochastic fixed point equation of the Quicksort process
Authors: Hallmann S. , Rösler U. , Wnuk M.
Published: February 2019

The Quicksort process R (Rösler (2018)) can be characterized as the unique endogenous solution of the inhomogeneous stochastic fixed point equation R=D(UR1(1∧t∕U)+𝟭{U<t}(1-U)R2((t-U)∕(1-U))+C(U,t))t on the space 𝒟 of càdlàg functions, such that R(1) has the Quicksort distribution. In this paper we characterize all 𝒟-valued solutions of that equation. Every solution can be represented as the convolution of a solution of the inhomogeneous equation and a general solution of the homogeneous equation (Rüschendorf (2006)). The general solutions of the homogeneous equation are the distributions of Cauchy processes Y with constant drift. Any distribution of R+Y for independent R and Y is a solution of the inhomogeneous equation. Every solution of the inhomogeneous equation is of the form R+Y, where R and Y are independent. The endogenous solutions for the inhomogeneous equation are the shifted Quicksort process distributions. In comparison, the Quicksort distribution is the endogenous solution of the Quicksort fixed point equation unique up to a constant (Rösler (1991)). The general solution can be represented as the convolution of the shifted Quicksort distribution and some symmetric Cauchy distribution (Fill and Janson (2000)), possibly degenerate.
On the genealogy of branching populations and their diffusion limits
Authors: Kallenberg Olav
Published: February 2019

We consider the evolution of the ancestral structure of a classical branching process in space and its diffusion limit. We also indicate how the conditional structure of the past can be described asymptotically in terms of suitable uniform Brownian trees.
The linear birth‒death process: an inferential retrospective
Authors: Tavaré Simon
Published: February 2019

In this paper we provide an introduction to statistical inference for the classical linear birth‒death process, focusing on computational aspects of the problem in the setting of discretely observed processes. The basic probabilistic properties are given in Section 2, focusing on computation of the transition functions. This is followed by a brief discussion of simulation methods in Section 3, and of frequentist methods in Section 4. Section 5 is devoted to Bayesian methods, from rejection sampling to Markov chain Monte Carlo and approximate Bayesian computation. In Section 6 we consider the time-inhomogeneous case. The paper ends with a brief discussion in Section 7.
CHERN CLASSES WITH MODULUS
Authors: IWASA RYOMEI , KAI WATARU
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we construct Chern classes from the relative $K$-theory of modulus pairs to the relative motivic cohomology defined by Binda–Saito. An application to relative motivic cohomology of henselian dvr is given.
Corrigendum to: Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions for the p-Laplace operator: What is in between?
Authors: Chill Ralph , Warma Mahamadi
Published: February 2019

The implication $(i)\Rightarrow (ii)$ of Theorem 2.1 in our article [1] is not true as it stands. We give here two correct statements which follow from the original proof.
Analytic and geometric properties of dislocation singularities
Authors: Scala Riccardo , Van Goethem Nicolas
Published: February 2019

This paper deals with the analysis of the singularities arising from the solutions of the problem${-}\,{\rm Curl\ } F=\mu $, whereFis a 3 × 3 matrix-valuedLp-function ($1\les p<2$) andμa 3 × 3 matrix-valued Radon measure concentrated in a closed loop in Ω ⊂ ℝ3, or in a network of such loops (as, for instance, dislocation clusters as observed in single crystals). In particular, we study the topological nature of such dislocation singularities. It is shown that$F=\nabla u$, the absolutely continuous part of the distributional gradientDuof a vector-valued functionuof special bounded variation. Furthermore,ucan also be seen as a multi-valued field, that is, can be redefined with values in the three-dimensional flat torus 𝕋3and hence is Sobolev-regular away from the singular loops. We then analyse the graphs of such maps represented as currents in Ω × 𝕋3and show that their boundaries can be written in term of the measureμ. Readapting some well-known results for Cartesian currents, we recover closure and compactness properties of the class of maps with bounded curl concentrated on dislocation networks. In the spirit of previous work, we finally give some examples of variational problems where such results provide existence of solutions.
A COMPACTNESS PRINCIPLE FOR MAXIMISING SMOOTH FUNCTIONS OVER TOROIDAL GEODESICS
Authors: STEINERBERGER STEFAN
Published: February 2019

Let$f\in C^{2}(\mathbb{T}^{2})$have mean value 0 and consider$$\begin{eqnarray}\sup _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}\,\text{closed geodesic}}\frac{1}{|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}|}\biggl|\int _{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}}f\,d{\mathcal{H}}^{1}\biggr|,\end{eqnarray}$$where$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$ranges over all closed geodesics$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}:\mathbb{S}^{1}\rightarrow \mathbb{T}^{2}$and$|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}|$denotes its length. We prove that this supremum is always attained. Moreover, we can bound the length of the geodesic$\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}$attaining the supremum in terms of the smoothness of the function: for all$s\geq 2$,$$\begin{eqnarray}|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}|^{s}{\lesssim}_{s}\biggl(\max _{|\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}|=s}\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x2202}_{\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FC}}f\Vert _{L^{1}(\mathbb{T}^{2})}\biggr)\Vert \unicode[STIX]{x1D6FB}f\Vert _{L^{2}}\Vert f\Vert _{L^{2}}^{-2}.\end{eqnarray}$$
Dietary intake and breast cancer risk in black South African women: the South African Breast Cancer study
Authors: Jacobs Inarie , Taljaard-Krugell Christine , Ricci Cristian , Vorster Hester , Rinaldi Sabina , Cubasch Herbert , Laubscher Ria , Joffe Maureen , van Zyl Tertia , Norris Shane A. , Romieu Isabelle
Published: February 2019

Incidence rates of breast cancer (BC) are increasing in South Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between dietary intake and BC risk in black South African women. The study population included 396 BC cases and 396 population-based controls matched on age and residence, participating in the South African Breast Cancer study. Diet was assessed using a validated quantified FFQ from which twelve energy-adjusted food groups were formed and analysed. OR were estimated using conditional logistic regressions, adjusted for confounding factors, comparing highestv.lowest median intake. Fresh fruit consumption showed an inverse association with BC risk (OR=0·3, 95 % CI 0·12, 0·80) in premenopausal women, whilst red and organ meat consumption showed an overall inverse association with BC risk (OR=0·6, 95 % CI 0·49, 0·94 and OR=0·6, 95 % CI 0·47, 0·91). Savoury food consumption (sauces, soups and snacks) were positively associated with BC risk in postmenopausal women (OR=2·1, 95 % CI 1·15, 4·07). Oestrogen receptor-positive stratification showed an inverse association with BC risk and consumption of nuts and seeds (OR=0·2, 95 % CI 0·58, 0·86). Based on these results, it is recommended that black South African women follow a diet with more fruit and vegetables together with a decreased consumption of less energy-dense, micronutrient-poor foods such as savoury foods. More research is necessary to investigate the association between BC risk and red and organ meat consumption. Affordable and practical methods regarding these recommendations should be implemented within health intervention strategies.
THE CANTERBURY ELECTION OF 1626 AND PARLIAMENTARY SELECTION REVISITED
Authors: COGSWELL THOMAS
Published: February 2019

In 1626, after losing a bitterly fought parliamentary election in Canterbury, Thomas Scott wrote Canterburie cittizens. Initially, he planned to present it to the House of Commons, but the text quickly became too lengthy and, most importantly, too controversial in its assessments. Scholars can only be glad that he produced such an extensive account of the contest. His book allows us to see how the ‘Rule-alls’ on the corporation, dominated by brewers and innkeepers, struggled against Scott's humbler supporters. As Scott makes abundantly clear, this contest was not a result of any chance misunderstanding; rather it stemmed from long-standing divisions within the city which emerged at the 1621 elections and continued well into the Civil War. For days before the election, a group of godly ministers sought to rally votes for Scott, while the ‘Rule-alls’ systematically bullied voters into line. Consequently, although Scott had the largest numbers of supporters at the election, some were too frightened to voice their support loudly. After discussing this episode in detail, the article will reassess the literature on early Stuart elections and particularly, Mark Kishlansky's 1986 book, Parliamentary selections.
Evaluation of upper oesophageal sphincter in unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Authors: Erdur O , Gul O , Ozturk K
Published: February 2019

Objective

To evaluate dysphagia and manometric changes in the upper oesophageal sphincter in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis.

Methods

Thirty patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis due to vagal nerve paralysis scheduled for evaluation were enrolled in the study group; 24 healthy subjects were included in the control group. Upper oesophageal sphincter basal and residual pressure, relaxation time, and pharyngeal pressure values were evaluated by manometry. All patients completed the Turkish Eating Assessment Tool 10 questionnaire, the MD Anderson dysphagia questionnaire and the reflux symptom index form.

Results

Swallowing assessment questionnaires and reflux symptom index results were significantly higher in the study group. Upper oesophageal sphincter basal and relaxation pressures were lower in the study group. Upper oesophageal sphincter relaxation time was shorter in the study group, but pressure values recorded from the pharynx were higher.

Conclusion

Upper oesophageal sphincter manometric pressure was lower in patients with unilateral vocal fold paralysis. A hypotonic sphincter likely contributes to dysphagia and aspiration.
Sabellaria wilsoni(Polychaeta: Sabellariidae): an ecosystem engineer and promoter of zoobenthos diversity in the Brazilian Amazon coast
Authors: Aviz Daiane , Silva Roseanne Figueira Da , Rosa Filho José Souto
Published: February 2019

The present study describes the variation in the benthic macrofauna related to the presence ofSabellaria wilsoni(Polychaeta: Sabellariidae) reefs on a sandy beach of the Brazilian Amazon Coast. The study also investigated whether the erosion of parts of the reef by intense wave action results in differences in the fauna. Samples were collected from a patch of reef and the adjacent sandy sediment for the analysis of the zoobenthos and substrates (granulometry and organic matter content) on Algodoal-Maiandeua Island (northern Brazil coast). The reef had more heterogeneous sediments and a higher organic matter content, and its fauna was distinct from that of the beach, with a higher density, species richness and diversity. The reef fauna included taxa typical of both consolidated and unconsolidated substrates. The portion of the reef more exposed to wave action had a lower density of reef-building worms, and these worms were smaller in size than those of the more protected portion, although the associated fauna of the exposed portion was denser and richer in species. These results confirmed thatS. wilsoniis an important ecosystem engineer on the Amazon coast, and that the diversity and unique features of the fauna associated with these reefs emphasize their importance as a substrate for the local benthic communities, in particular in areas where consolidated bottoms are naturally scarce.
Loving Kindness and Mercy: their Human and Cosmic Significance
Authors: Cottingham John
Published: February 2019

This paper starts by examining the language used in some well known scriptural passages where the importance of mercy or compassion is stressed. Such passages underline the ethical importance of a direct, physically and emotionally involved response. This leads on to a critique of the shortcomings of approaches to ethics which advocate the impersonal promotion of welfare; our lives as ethical beings depend intimately on the immediate responses arising from our encounters with others in our day-to-day lives. The paper then further explores the special status of loving kindness and mercy in the Judaeo-Christian tradition, and argues that secular ethical systems, whether grounded in human nature or in the supposed requirements of rationality, are unlikely to be able to underwrite this kind of status. The final section reflects further on the ‘cosmic’ significance of love in a theistic worldview.
2050: a Library Space Odyssey. Planning the Future Library
Authors: Latimer Karen
Published: February 2019

Embarking on a library space planning odyssey is exciting, terrifying and all absorbing. Planning a new library building or a major refurbishment is a challenging process requiring a strong strategic vision, attention to detail, excellent communication and an element of crystal-ball gazing. This article, written by Karen Latimer, examines the changing typology and current trends in library building design which help planners to envisage the future library and make informed decisions. These trends include the move from collections to connections, the need for varied and flexible learning spaces, sustainability, the impact of technological developments, and the need for scholarly research centres amongst others. Examples of recent library projects are cited to provide inspiration and illustrate the points made. The planning process required to brief the design team effectively and to achieve a successful outcome is considered as is the key role of post-occupancy evaluation in ensuring a continuous loop of improvement. To conclude resources available to provide support are described.
High-efficiency AMC loaded dipole above FR4 substrate
Authors: Elsheikh Mohamed A.G. , Safwat Amr M.E. , Elhennawy Hadia
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a novel artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) loaded dipole above FR4 substrate. The proposed AMC consists of two metal layers that shield the wave from the lossy substrate leading to a significant increase in the dipole efficiency over a wide bandwidth. The dipole is fed through vias that are connected to a wideband balun placed on the opposite side of the ground plane. The proposed assembly is fabricated and characterized. Measurements, which are in a very good agreement with the electromagnetic simulations, show that the operating fractional bandwidth achieves the value of 16.2%, 1.927–2.267 GHz, with peak radiation efficiency of 72.5%.
Identifying ULF Wave Eigenfrequencies in SuperDARN Backscatter Using a Lomb‐Scargle Cross‐Phase Analysis
Authors: Wharton S. J. , Wright D. M. , Yeoman T. K. , Reimer A. S.
Published: February 2019

The eigenfrequencies of standing Alfvén waves on closed magnetospheric field lines can be estimated using the cross‐phase technique. These eigenfrequencies can be used to monitor the plasma mass density distribution along the field line. So far, this has only been applied to ground‐based magnetometer data. The Super Dual Auroral Radar Network (SuperDARN) radars offer some benefits over magnetometers. They provide greater spatial resolution and coverage, as well as direct sensing above the E region ionosphere, which screens ultralow frequency (ULF) waves from the ground. However, there are significant data quality issues. These include the uncertain origin of radar backscatter, uneven sampling of data due to data gaps, and inaccurate fitting to the autocorrelation functions. Artificial backscatter from an ionospheric heater has been used to remove the uncertainty in backscatter location. We have developed a Lomb‐Scargle cross‐phase analysis for application to discontinuous radar data. The First Principles Fitting Methodology has been used to improve the fitted data products derived from the autocorrelation functions. Using these techniques, we have shown that it is possible to measure eigenfrequencies with SuperDARN data, and we have verified an example using ground‐based magnetometer data. Finally, we have demonstrated that the eigenfrequency signature in this example was caused by a broadband source of energy.
Planetary Period Oscillations in Saturn's Magnetosphere: Comparison of Magnetic and SKR Modulation Periods and Phases During Northern Summer to the End of the Cassini Mission
Authors: Provan G. , Lamy L. , Cowley S. W. H. , Bunce E. J.
Published: February 2019

We compare periods and phases of Saturn planetary period oscillations determined from Cassini magnetic field and Saturn kilometric radiation (SKR) data from the beginning of 2016 to the end of mission in mid‐September 2017, encompassing northern summer solstice in May 2017. Both data sets show that the periods are almost unchanging, varying by only ~ ±0.01 hr about 10.79 hr for the northern system and 10.68 hr for the southern system, close to values attained by mid‐2015 after period coalescence between mid‐2013 and mid‐2014. The mean absolute differences between the magnetic and SKR periods are ~0.0036 hr (~13 s), consistent with estimated magnetic measurement uncertainties, while the overall mean difference is less than 0.001 hr (~2–3 s), at the limit of resolution. The relative phasing between magnetic and SKR modulations is correspondingly near constant and such that the equatorial planetary period oscillation fields of the northern/southern systems point radially outward near‐oppositely at ~14.3/2.5 hr local time at corresponding SKR maxima, with upward planetary period oscillation currents located ~2 hr postdawn for both systems, consistent with previous intervals having dawnside spacecraft apoapsides. Southern SKR emissions are found to be significantly dual modulated at both southern and northern periods in data limited to lie well within the southern shadow zone of the northern sources. These northern period modulations are shown to be approximately in phase with those in the northern emissions, consistent with a recent suggestion that bidirectional auroral electron acceleration may generate in phase SKR emissions in both hemispheres.
Ozone Production Efficiencies at Rural New York State Locations: Relationship to Oxides of Nitrogen Concentrations
Authors: Ninneman M. , Demerjian K. L. , Schwab J. J.
Published: February 2019

This study examined the observed summertime ozone production efficiency (OPE) and background ozone ([O3]) concentration at two rural sites in New York State, Pinnacle State Park (PSP) in Addison, NY, and Whiteface Mountain Summit (WFMS) in Wilmington, NY. Observed summertime OPEs and their relationship to oxides of nitrogen concentrations ([NOx]) were assessed during photochemically active periods at PSP and WFMS from 2000 to 2017 and 2015–2017, respectively. The summertime OPE increased in response to [NOx] reductions at PSP, consistent with a NOx‐sensitive regime for O3 production. At PSP, the summertime OPE increased from approximately 5–7 parts per billion per parts per billion (ppb ppb−1) in 2000–2009 to approximately 13 ppb ppb−1 in 2012–2017, and the median [NOx] concentration during photochemically productive periods decreased from about 0.60 ppb in 2000–2005 to about 0.23 ppb in 2012–2017. At WFMS, the summertime OPE was approximately 18 ppb ppb−1 in 2015–2017, and the median [NOx] concentration during photochemically active periods from 2015 to 2017 was about 0.21 ppb. The higher WFMS summertime OPE is consistent for a site characterized by lower [NOx] concentrations. The summertime background [O3] concentration at PSP and WFMS was approximately 31–33 ppb for the analysis period, indicating that both sites were likely affected by similar regional emission sources.
The Ocean’s Gateway to Antarctica
Authors: Thompson Andrew
Published: February 2019

Advances in observations and modeling are providing new insights into the dynamic Antarctic Slope Current and its critical role in Earth’s climate.
Subseasonal to Decadal Predictions: Successes and Challenges
Authors: Danabasoglu Gokhan , Vitart Frederic , Merryfield William
Published: February 2019

International Conferences on Subseasonal to Decadal Prediction; Boulder, Colorado, 17–21 September 2018
iPSC model of CHRFAM7A effect on α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in the human context
Authors: Ihnatovych Ivanna , Nayak Tapan K. , Ouf Aya , Sule Norbert , Birkaya Barbara , Chaves Lee , Auerbach Anthony , Szigeti Kinga
Published: February 2019

The α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7nAChR) has been a promising target for diseases affecting cognition and higher cortical functions; however, the effect observed in animal models failed to translate into human clinical trials identifying a translational gap. CHRFAM7A is a human-specific fusion gene with properties that enable incorporation into the α7nAChR and, being human specific, CHRFAM7A effect was not accounted for in preclinical studies. We hypothesized that CHRFAM7A may account for this translational gap and understanding its function may offer novel insights when exploring α7nAChR as a drug target. CHRFAM7A is present in different copy number variations (CNV) in the human genome with high frequency. To study the functional consequences of the presence of the CHRFAM7A, two induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines (0 copy and 1 copy direct) were developed. The 0 copy line was rescued with CHRFAM7A transfection to control for genetic heterogeneity. As readouts for genotype–phenotype correlation, α7nAChR synaptic transmission and amyloid beta 1–42 (Aβ1–42) uptake were tested. Synaptic transmission in the presence of CHRFAM7A demonstrated that PNU-modulated desensitization of α7nAChR currents increased as a function of CHRFAM7A dosage. CHRFAM7A mitigated the dose response of Aβ1–42 uptake suggesting a protective effect beyond physiological concentrations. Furthermore, in the presence of CHRFAM7A Aβ1–42 uptake activated neuronal interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) without activating the canonical inflammasome pathway. Lead optimization may identify more potent molecules when the screen has a model harboring CHRFAM7A. Incorporating pharmacogenetics into clinical trials may enhance signals in efficacy measures.
MANF antagonizes nucleotide exchange by the endoplasmic reticulum chaperone BiP
Authors: Yan Yahui , Rato Claudia , Rohland Lukas , Preissler Steffen , Ron David
Published: February 2019

Despite its known role as a secreted neuroprotectant, much of the mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF) is retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of producer cells. There, by unknown mechanisms, MANF plays a role in protein folding homeostasis in complex with the ER-localized Hsp70 chaperone BiP. Here we report that the SAF-A/B, Acinus, and PIAS (SAP) domain of MANF selectively associates with the nucleotide binding domain (NBD) of ADP-bound BiP. In crystal structures the SAP domain engages the cleft between NBD subdomains Ia and IIa, stabilizing the ADP-bound conformation and clashing with the interdomain linker that occupies this site in ATP-bound BiP. MANF inhibits both ADP release from BiP and ATP binding to BiP, and thereby client release. Cells lacking MANF have fewer ER stress-induced BiP-containing high molecular weight complexes. These findings suggest that MANF contributes to protein folding homeostasis as a nucleotide exchange inhibitor that stabilizes certain BiP-client complexes.
Deep learning analysis of defect and phase evolution during electron beam-induced transformations in WS2
Authors: Maksov Artem , Dyck Ondrej , Wang Kai , Xiao Kai , Geohegan David B. , Sumpter Bobby G. , Vasudevan Rama K. , Jesse Stephen , Kalinin Sergei V. , Ziatdinov Maxim
Published: February 2019

Recent advances in scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) allow the real-time visualization of solid-state transformations in materials, including those induced by an electron beam and temperature, with atomic resolution. However, despite the ever-expanding capabilities for high-resolution data acquisition, the inferred information about kinetics and thermodynamics of the process, and single defect dynamics and interactions is minimal. This is due to the inherent limitations of manual ex situ analysis of the collected volumes of data. To circumvent this problem, we developed a deep-learning framework for dynamic STEM imaging that is trained to find the lattice defects and apply it for mapping solid state reactions and transformations in layered WS2. The trained deep-learning model allows extracting thousands of lattice defects from raw STEM data in a matter of seconds, which are then classified into different categories using unsupervised clustering methods. We further expanded our framework to extract parameters of diffusion for sulfur vacancies and analyzed transition probabilities associated with switching between different configurations of defect complexes consisting of Mo dopant and sulfur vacancy, providing insight into point-defect dynamics and reactions. This approach is universal and its application to beam-induced reactions allows mapping chemical transformation pathways in solids at the atomic level.
Digital biomarkers of mood disorders and symptom change
Authors: Jacobson Nicholas C. , Weingarden Hilary , Wilhelm Sabine
Published: February 2019

Current approaches to psychiatric assessment are resource-intensive, requiring time-consuming evaluation by a trained clinician. Development of digital biomarkers holds promise for enabling scalable, time-sensitive, and cost-effective assessment of both psychiatric diagnosis and symptom change. The present study aimed to identify robust digital biomarkers of diagnostic status and changes in symptom severity over ~2 weeks, through re-analysis of public-use actigraphy data collected in patients with major depressive or bipolar disorder and healthy controls. Results suggest that participants’ diagnostic group status (i.e., mood disorder, control) can be predicted with a high degree of accuracy (predicted correctly 89% of the time, kappa = 0.773), using features extracted from actigraphy data alone. Results also suggest that actigraphy data can be used to predict symptom change across ~2 weeks (r = 0.782, p = 1.04e-05). Through inclusion of digital biomarkers in our statistical model, which are generalizable to new samples, the results may be replicated by other research groups in order to validate and extend this work.
Palladium-catalyzed relay hydroaminocarbonylation of alkenes with hydroxylamine hydrochloride as an ammonia equivalent
Authors: Li Jiawen , Wang Siyuan , Zou Suchen , Huang Hanmin
Published: February 2019

Amides are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and materials. Hydroaminocarbonylation of alkenes has emerged as one of the most direct and rapid approaches to amides. Nowadays, these reactions remain largely confined to using alkylamines as nitrogen sources, leading to sluggish reactions due to their strong binding ability and basicity. Here we show the application of abundantly available hydroxylamine hydrochloride (NH2OH·HCl) as a surrogate of ammonia for the relay hydroaminocarbonylation of simple alkenes in the presence of a convenient palladium catalyst system. The in situ formation of alkylamines from hydroxylamine hydrochloride by hydroaminocarbonylation reaction and Lossen rearrangement allows us to establish an efficient relay hydroaminocarbonylation. Notably, this transformation allows the catalytic formation of two C–N bonds with hydroxylamine hydrochloride as an amine source by incorporation of two molecules of alkene and avoids the use of alkylamines.
Realisation of a frustrated 3D magnetic nanowire lattice
Authors: May Andrew , Hunt Matthew , Van Den Berg Arjen , Hejazi Alaa , Ladak Sam
Published: February 2019

Patterning nanomagnets in three-dimensions presents a new paradigm in condensed matter physics and allows access to a plethora of phenomena including robust spin textures, magnetic metamaterials home to defects carrying magnetic charge and ultrahigh density devices that store information in three-dimensions. However, the nanostructuring of functional magnetic materials into complex three-dimensional geometries has thus far proven to be a formidable challenge. Here we show magnetic nanowires can be arranged into 3D frustrated magnetic nanowire lattices by using a combination of 3D polymer nanoprinting and metallic deposition. The fabricated nanowires are single domain and they switch via nucleation and propagation of domain walls. Deep nanoscale magnetic imaging and finite element simulations elucidate the spin texture present on the 3D nanostructured lattice. Our study demonstrates a generic platform for the production of 3D nanostructured magnetic materials allowing the realisation of racetrack memory devices and 3D nanostructured systems that mimic bulk frustrated crystals.
Large-area freestanding gold nanomembranes with nanoholes
Authors: Jia Peipei , Zuber Kamil , Guo Qiuquan , Gibson Brant C. , Yang Jun , Ebendorff-Heidepriem Heike
Published: February 2019

Large-area freestanding gold nanomembranes with nanoholes are created, enabling their property study without substrate effect and emerging applications.
Electroless deposition of RuO2-based nanoparticles for energy conversion applications
Authors: Li Jing-Mei , Hu Chi-Chang , Wu Tzu-Ho , Hsu Yung-Jung
Published: February 2019

The core/shell VOx·mH2O/RuO2·nH2O, synthesized by simply immersing VOx·mH2O into RuCl3 solution, shows a better catalytic activity of ORR than RuO2·nH2O.
Nanofibrillated cellulose composites and wood derived scaffolds for functional materials
Authors: Keplinger Tobias , Wang Xiaoqing , Burgert Ingo
Published: February 2019

We compare functional NFC composites and wood derived scaffolds regarding mechanical performance, electric and magnetic properties as well as oil/water separation and heavy metal remediation.
Engineering black phosphorus to porous g-C3N4-metal–organic framework membrane: a platform for highly boosting photocatalytic performance
Authors: Hu Jundie , Ji Yujin , Mo Zhao , Li Najun , Xu Qingfeng , Li Youyong , Xu Hui , Chen Dongyun , Lu Jianmei
Published: February 2019

A black phosphorus (BP)/porous g-C3N4 (PCN)-metal–organic framework (MOF) heterojunction was successfully fabricated as a unique macroscopic photocatalytic membrane material.
Construction of cytokine reservoirs based on sulfated chitosan hydrogels for the capturing of VEGF in situ
Authors: Wang Chenmin , Yu Yuanman , Chen Han , Zhang Shuang , Wang Jing , Liu Changsheng
Published: February 2019

Sulfated chitosan hydrogel scaffolds construct cytokine reservoirs for enhancing angiogenesis in situ by capturing endogenous VEGF.
Fine-tuning the solid-state ordering and thermoelectric performance of regioregular P3HT analogues by sequential oxygen-substitution of carbon atoms along the alkyl side chains
Authors: Chen Liangjun , Liu Wei , Yan Yonggao , Su Xianli , Xiao Shengqiang , Lu Xinhui , Uher Ctirad , Tang Xinfeng
Published: February 2019

Sequential O-substitution along the alkyl side chains of regioregular P3HT analogues enables fine-tuning of their film microstructure and thermoelectric properties.
Roles of AgSbTe2 nanostructures in PbTe: controlling thermal properties of chalcogenides
Authors: Dow Hwan Soo , Na Moonkyong , Kim Sang Jun , Lee Jung Woo
Published: February 2019

Here, we report on the formation of homogeneous nanostructures and the thermal properties of quaternary system with AgPbmSbTem+2 (m = 18) that were synthesized via nanostructure crystallization engineering.
A theoretical insight into the reaction mechanisms of a 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene nitroso metabolite with thiols for toxic effects
Authors: Zhou Yang , Liu Xiaoqiang , Jiang Weidong , Shu Yuanjie , Xu Guojun
Published: February 2019

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) is a class C carcinogen as rated by the Environmental Protection Agency.
Green catalytic synthesis of 5-methylfurfural by selective hydrogenolysis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural over size-controlled Pd nanoparticle catalysts
Authors: Sun Guohan , An Jiahuan , Hu Hong , Li Changzhi , Zuo Songlin , Xia Haian
Published: February 2019

A green approach for the conversion of 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural to 5-methylfurfural with a high product yield and selectivity has been developed.
A BN anthracene mimics the electronic structure of more highly conjugated systems
Authors: Ishibashi Jacob S. A. , Darrigan Clovis , Chrostowska Anna , Li Bo , Liu Shih-Yuan
Published: February 2019

9a,9-BN anthracene was synthesized using a simple three-step sequence involving intramolecular electrophilic borylation of 2-benzylpyridines.
Programmed supramolecular nanoassemblies: enhanced serum stability and cell specific triggered release of anti-cancer drugs
Authors: Mondal Sanchaita , Saha Moumita , Ghosh Mousumi , Santra Subrata , Khan Mijan A. , Das Saha Krishna , Molla Mijanur R.
Published: February 2019

A bolaamphiphilic cross-linked nanoassembly endowed with pH responsive degradation features has been designed and fabricated for stable noncovalent guest encapsulation and controlled release.
Direct synthesis of flexible graphene glass with macroscopic uniformity enabled by copper-foam-assisted PECVD
Authors: Wei Nan , Li Qiucheng , Cong Shan , Ci Haina , Song Yingze , Yang Qifeng , Lu Chen , Li Chao , Zou Guifu , Sun Jingyu , Zhang Yanfeng , Liu Zhongfan
Published: February 2019

The copper-foam-assisted PECVD approach harnesses the direct production of flexible graphene glass at relatively low temperatures, which readily serve in flexible and wearable electronic and energy applications.
Low‐overhead constant envelope precoding in multi‐cell massive MIMO systems with pilot contamination
Authors: Shahabi Seyyed MohammadMahdi , Ardebilipour Mehrdad , Omid Yasaman , Kazemi Mohammad
Published: February 2019

The authors consider downlink transmission in a multi‐cell massive multiple‐input and multiple‐output (MIMO) system and focus on decreasing the feedback overhead caused by cell cooperation in constant envelope precoding (CEP). In the literature, the single‐cell case for CEP with perfect channel state information (CSI) has been studied. Here, considering full cooperation among the cells, they develop CEP for the multi‐cell case. They devise a low overhead centralised construction for CEP which employs limited cooperation among the cells, providing higher system throughput. To achieve the minimum feedback overhead, a distributed realisation of CEP is proposed where each cell locally performs CEP. Furthermore, a new optimisation problem is solved to compensate for the effects of pilot contamination. In addition, to reduce the computational complexity, a relaxed iterative form is presented for the limited cooperation and the distributed scenarios. Numerical results show that in the proposed structures, despite a tremendous decrease in the system overhead, the performance confronts merely an insignificant degradation, <10%, compared to the full‐cooperation case. Moreover, in the presence of imperfect CSI, the performance of the distributed structure whose imperfect CSI is compensated for, approaches the performance of this structure in the perfect CSI scenario.
New key pre‐distribution scheme based on combinatorial design for wireless sensor networks
Authors: Kumar Alok , Bansal Neha , Pais Alwyn R.
Published: February 2019

Key pre‐distribution in wireless sensor networks is an important area of research due to limited resource availability in sensor nodes. In this study, the authors propose a novel key pre‐distribution scheme for wireless sensor networks based on combinatorial design. The proposed scheme is used to assign secret keys to the sensor nodes so that they can securely communicate among themselves. It also aims to decrease the key storage overhead and improve the overall resiliency of the network. They use the ratio of links broken/affected and the ratio of nodes disconnected to measure the resiliency when some sensor nodes are compromised in the network. They observed that the proposed scheme reduces the key storage overhead in the network while maintaining the desired connectivity among all the sensor nodes. Further, the proposed scheme is more resilient than the majority of existing schemes present in the literature.