bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR INTERNAL DAN FAKTOR EKSTERNAL DENGAN PERILAKU SEKSUAL PRANIKAH REMAJA DI INDONESIA
Authors: Umaroh Ayu Khoirotul , Kusumawati Yuli , Kasjono Heru Subaris
Published: August 2017

Kegiatan seksual yang tidak bertanggung jawab menempatkan remaja pada tantangan risiko terhadap berbagai masalah kesehatan reproduksi. Berdasarkan data SDKI 2012, remaja (15-24 tahun belum menikah) yang pernah melakukan hubungan seksual pranikah sebanyak 0,9% perempuan dan 8,7% laki-laki di daerah urban serta 1,0% perempuan dan 7,8% laki-laki di daerah rural. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di Indonesia berdasarkan data SDKI 2012. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kuantitatif analitis dengan desain cross sectional. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 19.882. Analisis bivariat menggunakan Chi-Square dan analisis multivariat menggunakan Regresi Logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara faktor internal dan faktor eksternal terhadap perilaku seksual pranikah remaja di Indonesia. Faktor internal yakni tingkat pendidikan (p=0,000), pengetahun (p=0,000), sikap (p=0,000) dan gaya hidup (p=0,017). Faktor eksternal yakni sumber informasi (p=0,000), kelengkapan informasi (p=0,005), peran (p=0,000) dan tempat tinggal (0,000). Demikian pula hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa sikap memiliki nilai OR tertinggi sebesar 2,129 (95%CI : 1,963-2,309), artinya remaja dengan sikap tidak baik memiliki risiko 2,129 kali untuk melakukan perilaku seksual pranikah daripada remaja dengan sikap baikKata Kunci: Remaja, Perilaku Seksual, Faktor Internal dan Eksternal, SDKI 2012
HUBUNGAN ANTARA PENDIDIKAN IBU DAN PENGETAHUAN RESPONDEN DENGAN PERNIKAHAN USIA DINI
Authors: Dwinanda Aditya Risky , Wijayanti Anisa Catur , Werdani Kusuma Estu
Published: August 2017

Pernikahan usia dini memiliki dampak pada kesehatan pasangan usia muda karena dapat berpengaruh pada tingginya angka kematian ibu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan antara pendidikan ibu dan pengetahuan responden dengan pernikahan usia dini di Kec. Plaosan Kab. Magetan Jawa Timur. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional dengan rancangan case control. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah wanita yang sudah menikah di Kec. Plaosan Kab. Magetan Jawa Timur tahun 2014. Pemilihan sampel dengan perbandingan 1 : 1, dengan kasus sebanyak 76 responden dan kontrol 76 responden. Teknik uji statistik menggunakan Chi Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan antara pendidikan ibu (p-value=0,000; OR= 9,821; 95% CI= 4,657-20,714) pengetahuan reponden (p-value=0,000;OR= 4,286; 95% CI= 2,082-8,825) dengan kejadian pernikahan usia dini di Kec. Plaosan Kab. Magetan Jawa Timur tahun 2015.Kata Kunci: Pendidikan Ibu, Pengetahuan Ibu, Pernikahan Usia Dini
HUBUNGAN KARAKTERISTIK BIDAN DENGAN MUTU PELAYANAN ANTENATAL CARE BERDASARKAN STANDAR OPERASIONAL
Authors: Abu Aliah Dwi Kurnia Haji , Kusumawati Yuli , Werdani Kusuma Estu
Published: August 2017

Cakupan kunjungan K1 dan K4 di Puskesmas Mantingan masih rendah, salah satu penyebabnya adalah bidan dalam pelayanan antenatal care tidak sesuai standar operasional prosedur.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik bidan dengan mutu pelayanan antenatal care berdasarkan standar operasional prosedur di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Mantingan Kabupaten Ngawi. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan survei observasional dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini seluruh bidan sebanyak 30 orang. Pemilihan sampel dengan total sampling sebanyak 30 orang. Uji statistik menggunakan korelasi Pearson Product Moment dan uji Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel yang berhubungan dengan mutu pelayanan antenatal care yaitu umur (r=0,445) p value (0,014), masa kerja (r=0,401) p value (0,028) dan pengetahuan (r=0,437) p value (0,016) sedangkan yang tidak berhubungan yaitu status pegawai (F=0,768) p value (0,474). Diharapkan pemerintah akan meningkatkan pengawasan dan pengendalian terhadap proses pelayanan antenatal-care oleh bidan di puskesmas.Kata Kunci: Karakteristik, Standar Operasional Prosedur, Antenatal care
SOSIAL EKONOMI DAN STATUS GIZI IBU DI DAERAH RAWAN BENCANA
Authors: Azrimaidaliza Azrimaidaliza
Published: August 2017

Kondisi geografis daerah yang rawan bencana turut berperan terhadap kondisi kesehatan dan gizi masyarakat. Dampak terjadinya bencana terutama dirasakan oleh kelompok rentan gizi, seperti ibu, bayi dan balita. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi dengan status gizi ibu di daerah rawan bencanadengan desain studi cross sectional. Total sampel sebanyak 214 ibu yang memiliki balita dan tinggal di daerah rawan bencana di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman dan Tanah Datar.Status gizi ibu ditentukan de­ngan mengukur Lingkar Lengan Atas (LILA) yang menggambarkan risiko Kekurangan Energi Kronis (KEK). Uji t-independendigunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor non pangan berdasarkan status gizi ibu di daerah rawan bencana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata lingkar lengan atas ibu adalah 27,10 cm dengan standar deviasi 3,00 cm dan ibu dengan kondisi KEK sebesar 4,7%. Hasil analisis ujit-independenmenunjukkan adanya perbedaan pengeluaran pangan dan pengeluaran non pangan menurut LILAibu serta pola yang positif. Dengan demikian, disarankan untuk dapat mengutamakan pengeluaran pangan dalam upaya meningkatkan status gizi ibu.
STUDI IMPLEMENTASI KEBIJAKAN LARANGAN MEROKOK DI UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS TAHUN 2012
Authors: Maharrani Elsa , Isniati Isniati , Kasni Astiena Adila
Published: August 2017

Rokok merupakan permasalahan besar pada sepuluh tahun belakangan ini. Terdapat 4,9 juta kematian setiap tahunnya, dimana 70% dari jumlahnya terjadi di negara berkembang (TCSC-IAKMI 2008). Universitas Andalas telah menetapkan kebijakan larangan merokok di lingkungan kampus pada tahun 2011, kebijakan ini merupakan langkah untuk melindungi  perokok pasif dari paparan asap rokok orang lain. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi yang mendalam mengenai implementasi kebijakan larangan mero­kok di Universitas Andalas tahun 2012. Desain penelitian ini adalah kualitatif. Teknik penentuan informan dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan jumlah informan 17 orang.  Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, focus group discussion (FGD) dan observasi, dan kemudian diolah dengan triangulasi data, sumber dan metode. Hasil penelitian menujukan bahwa dari sisi input yaitu tenaga, sarana dan dana belum memadai, sedangkan dari segi proses, implementasi kebijakan larangan merokok belum optimal dilakukan, karena masih terdapat permasalahan yang disebabkan oleh tidak adanya pengawasan dan kejelasan tanggungjawab untuk mengawasi kebijakan ini. Disarankan agar selanjutnya Universitas Andalas menyediakan alokasi dana dan memperjelas alur tanggungjawab pada implementasi kebijakan larangan merokok, serta menetapkan sanksi bagi yang melanggar larangan merokok.
PERAN PETUGAS KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENURUNAN ANGKA KEMATIAN IBU PASCA MDGs 2015
Authors: Chasanah Siti Uswatun
Published: August 2017

Angka kematian ibu di Indonesia masih jauh dari tujuan dalam Millenium Development Goals (MDGs) yaitu tujuan yang ke lima. Berbagai upaya yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah juga sudah maksimal, akan tetapi angka  kematian ibu di Indonesia masih jauh  dari  target MDGs yang  diharapkan yaitu  102 per 100.000 kelahiran hidup. Oleh karena itu berbagai upaya tetap harus dilanjutkan dan dilaksanakan. Empat terlalu dan tiga terlambat yang menjadi penyebab tingginya angka kematian ibu di Indonesia merupakan tanggung jawab bersama, sehingga perlunya peran tenaga kesehatan masyarakat dalam meningkatkan kembali pemberdayaan masyarakat yang sudah luntur dimasyarakat, optimalisasi kegiatan posyandu dalam peningkatan pengetahuan, cepat tanggap dalam mengambil keputusan, dan memudahkan akses pelayanan kesehatan. Dan kepemimpinan kesehatan masyarakat juga merupakan suatu peran yang harus dikembangkan oleh tenaga kesehatan masyarakat
Autonomia financeira da escola em teses e dissertações (1997-2015) / School financial autonomy in theses and dissertations (1997-2015)
Authors: Moreira Antonio Nilson Gomes , Vieira Sofia Lerche
Published: August 2017

Este artigo mapeia e analisa teses e dissertações sobre a autonomia financeira da escola, produzidas no Brasil de 1997 a 2015, constituindo parte do estado da questão da temática no período.  Foi elaborado a partir de busca nas bases de dados da CAPES-MEC e da BDTD-MCT. Foram analisados doze trabalhos, localizados no tempo e no espaço, tendo sido categorizados os objetos de investigação, os sujeitos, os fundamentos teóricos, as metodologias adotadas e as principais conclusões a que chegaram os autores. Dentre estas, mereceram destaque o fortalecimento do processo de autonomia e de democratização da escola, a crescente evolução dos recursos dispendidos, a solução imediata de problemas locais e a qualificação do projeto da escola.
Professores formadores da Licenciatura na Educação a Distância (EaD): formação, identidade e trabalho / Undergraduate teaching trainer courses in distance learning (EL): development, identity and work
Authors: Da Costa Váldina Gonçalves
Published: August 2017

A pesquisa discute formação, identidade e trabalho dos professores formadores que atuam nos cursos de Licenciatura na modalidade a distância. Com objetivo de conhecer que formação tem esse professor formador, como foi se constituindo formador na EaD e suas condições de trabalho, realizou-se entrevistas semiestruturadas com sete docentes de quatro cursos de licenciatura de uma instituição particular. Os resultados revelaram que: os docentes foram se constituindo como formadores na EaD nas relações estabelecidas no âmbito do trabalho; vivem uma intensificação do trabalho docente, sem reclamarem explicitamente dessa condição; foram inseridos na EaD sem terem preparação para atuarem nessa modalidade de ensino. Ressalta-se a necessidade de atenção às especificidades apresentadas na EaD tendo em vista que demandam do profissional docente novas aprendizagens que geram grandes desafios, pois é nesse contexto que o profissional irá se constituir como formador de professores. Uma preparação para atuar nessa modalidade se faz necessária.
Saberes necessários aos professores do ensino superior para uso adequado das TIC’s no desenvolvimento de suas aulas / Knowledge needed by teachers of higher education for the appropriate use of ICTs in the development of their classes
Authors: Cardoso Márcia Regina Gonçalves , De Oliveira Guilherme Saramago
Published: August 2017

O presente texto decorre de uma pesquisa que buscou investigar as novas tecnologias da informação e da comunicação aplicadas à Educação. Foi norteada pela busca de resposta da seguinte indagação: Quais são os saberes necessários aos professores do Ensino Superior para uso adequado das TIC’s no desenvolvimento de suas aulas? Pretendeu-se com o estudo realizado verificar os saberes e competências docentes necessários para a atuação no contexto da sociedade informacional. Buscou-se de forma específica analisar os diferentes saberes que compõem a profissionalidade docente, verificar se têm propiciado exemplos de utilização inovadora das TIC’s e identificar os saberes necessários aos professores dos cursos de licenciaturas para integração das TIC’s em sua prática pedagógica. A pesquisa foi teórico-bibliográfica, de natureza qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que para explorar as potencialidades didáticas das TIC’s é necessário um novo saber: o tecnológico, composto de competências e habilidades necessárias para integrar pedagogicamente as TIC’s.
El papel de la educación en la filosofía moral de David Hume / The role of education in Hume's moral philosophy
Authors: García Santiago Álvarez
Published: August 2017

El presente artículo muestra cómo la crítica humeana a los fundamentos del racionalismo moral y a sus consecuencias en el terreno de las ideas educativas propició un cambio significativo en la comprensión de los objetivos de la educación moral que pasaron de buscar el perfeccionamiento de la agencia, a perseguir la perfección y el refinamiento de las capacidades del individuo como espectador y evaluador moral imparcial. Esta trasformación de la finalidad y del currículo de la educación moral será la solución que Hume ofrezca a los problemas de parcialidad derivados de la historicidad y la caducidad del general point of view como criterio último para el juicio moral. La exposición constante del educando a todas las formas históricas de la belleza, junto con la poesía, la literatura, el estudio de la historia y la filosofía, constituirán para Hume la base de esta revolución pedagógica.
Indoor Contaminants in Chemical Laboratories: Characteristics of BTEX by Environmental and Biological Monitoring
Authors: Ahmadkhaniha Reza , Rastkari Noushin
Published: August 2017

BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and xylenes) are the most important categories of VOCs that occur in the indoor
air and often used in chemical laboratories. In the present study the excretion of urinary BTEX were evaluated as
biomarkers of exposure to these compounds. The mean value of benzene in breathing zone and the total benzene uptake
during the work shift of the two groups of technicians and students in chemical laboratories were 32.11and 46.82 µg m-3
and 14.55 and 34.11ngL-1
, respectively, which were significantly greater than the occupationally non exposed groups.
Good correlations (0.839 ≤ r ≤ 0.946) between the mean values of BTEX in breathing zone and the urinary
concentrations were observed.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity of Chitosan Extracted Via Different Extraction Methods
Authors: Sadighara Parisa , Haghi Ehsan , Mohajerfar Tahereh , Bahmani Mahmoud , Samani Majid Asadi-
Published: August 2017

Chitosan is a natural polysaccharide that has antioxidant properties. It can consider as an antioxidant agent in food
supplements. In this study the effect of extraction methods on the antioxidant activity of chitosan was investigated. Three
methods including enzymatic, acid and alkaline methods were applied for isolating the chitosan from shrimp waste. The
content of extracted chitosan was measured and its antioxidant activity was investigated by employing various analyses
such as assay of their power on the oxidative stability in sunflower oil and DPPH. Inhibition of lipid per-oxidation was
evaluated by thiobarbituric acid reactive substances assay. The extracted chitosan by enzymatic method had best
antioxidant activities. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that good yields can be obtained via enzymatic treatment.
According to the results, the content of chitosan influences on antioxidant activity. The chitosan extracted by enzymatic
method can be a source of antioxidant agents in manufacturing food and supplement.
Protective Effect of Moringa Oleifera Leaves Against TramadolInduced Nephrotoxicity in Mice
Authors: Albrakati Ashraf
Published: August 2017

Tramadol, a broadly in recent years, is an effective analgesic agent for the treatment of moderate to acute pain. Its
metabolites are excreted by the kidney which may cause nephrotoxicity. Moringa oleifera leaves are commonly used to
provide herbal and plant-derived medicinal products especially in developing nations. The present study was carried out to
determine the biochemical and histopathological changes in the kidney of tramadol-treated albino mice and to evaluate the
possible protective role of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity. Twenty adult albino mice
were divided into four groups. Control group (group i) received daily intraperitoneal injection of normal saline only, group
ii received oral dose of Moringa oleifera leaves extract (20 mg/kg/bw) for three weeks, group iii received daily
intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw) for the same period, group iv, received daily oral dose of Moringa oleifera
leaves extract, (20 mg/kg/bw) three hours before injecting intraperitoneal dose of tramadol (0.3 mg/kg/bw), for the same
period. Blood samples were withdrawn at the end of the experiment for kidney function tests and specimens from the
kidney were processed for histological study. No significant differences in the mean values of the kidney function tests
were noticed between Moringa oleifera group and control group. However, there was highly significant increase in the
mean values of serum, urea and creatinine in tramadol-treated group as compared to the control group. Although tramadol
+ Moringa oleifera group revealed significant difference in the mean values of urea and creatinine when compared with
tramadol-treated group. So, Moringa oleifera leaves extract have been shown to attenuate the renal dysfunction, improve
the renal architecture, with nearly normalization of serum urea and creatinine levels which indicate improvement of renal
function. In conclusion, in the light of biochemical results and histological findings, co-administration of Moringa oleifera
leaves lessened the negative effects of tramadol-induced nephrotoxicity; possibly by its antioxidant action. Further
investigation of these promising protective effects of Moringa oleifera leaves against tramadol-induced renal injury may
have considerable impact on developing an adjunct therapy aiming to improve the therapeutic index of some nephrotoxic drugs.
Pengaruh AVA (Audio Visual Aids) terhadap Kemampuan Latihan Paska Operasi Laparotomi
Authors: Susanto Agus , Setiyorini Erni
Published: August 2017

Introduction: Health education is the important experience of surgery to client that can used audio visual aids.Â  The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of audio visual aids to the capability exercise post laparotomy. Method: Research design was quasy experiment non equivalent control group design. Research sample was 20 patients whose laparotomy at Mardi Waluyo Hospital Blitar at May 25th until June 16th, 2012, its choosed with accidental sampling. The data collected by observation using checklist. Analysis using independent sample T-Test, with â‰¤0.05 significant level. Result: The results showed that audio visual aids at health education influence capability exercise post laparatomy, with p value 0.000. Discussion: Using tool and method appropriate at health education pre operatif effective to improve output learning. Â Â Keywords: audio visual aids, exercise, laparotomy
In depth analysis of patients attending in a tertiary care hospital due to animal injuries: A major public health problem
Authors: Mandal Nilay , Kuiri Shib Shankar , Sharma Yash , Ghosh Pranab Kumar , Kumar Purushottam , Nandi Mintu Mohan
Published: August 2017

Background: Injuries and illnesses from animal encounters continue to be a major public health problem. Many injuries remain undocumented and increases mortality before receiving adequate medical care specially in tertiary care setup. Key of management is to increase awareness and knowledge regarding human-animal relationship, prevention and primary treatment of such injuries.Aims and Objectives: 1) To evaluate vulnerable age and sex affected by animal injury.2) To evaluate which body parts are most injured in which type of animal. 3)To evaluate type of surgical intervention required.Materials and Methods: All patients admitted or treated due to animal injuries in the Department of General Surgery, B.S. Medical College and Hospital, Bankura, West Bengal during July,2011 to December,2012. Unwilling patients, patient with aquatic animal injury and who expired on spot or before admission were excluded from study.Results: Total of 59 patients were included in this study, with 69% of them are male, mean age of presentation was 31years and the commonest age group being 3rd decade. Most of the incidence occurs in villages i.e. 90% and mainly injured by dogs 37% followed by cows 29%.Conclusion: Domestic animals like bull, cow and dog can cause various types of injuries and management is a challenge for surgeon who needs to assess the injury and take a call on type of management. Among various types of injuries, perineal injuries are still a paramount for management due to its complex anatomy and less accessibility. Early treatment is required to prevent further morbidity and mortality specially in visceral and thoracic injuries. Therefore, it is useful to raise awareness for preventing this type of injury so as to cause less public health burden.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.8(5) 2017 36-40
Assessing the State of Practice of the Role and Siting Issues Related to Curbless Streets in an Urban Context
Authors: Sauer Carrie E. , Mastaglio Betsy R.
Published: August 2017

The conventional streets of major cities are often designed with rights-of-way that are channelized with physical delineation for different modes. Shared, or curbless, streets represent a new approach to using the public right-of-way where physical edges and sometimes demarcations are removed. All modes share space and negotiate movement through interaction. Various cities have deployed curbless streets in different ways, for different reasons, and with different outcomes. This paper examines curbless street design as a concept and as an opportunity for cities. The effect of curbless street design on surrounding communities’ safety, quality of life, economic vitality, and mobility is addressed through peer city case studies and literature reviews. The peer city project data inform best practices for implementing curbless street design concepts and identify supportive traits and characteristics common to successful projects. On the basis of these findings, siting strategies and opportunities are presented for consideration in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. This paper assesses the state of research and practice with respect to curbless streets to build a shared knowledge base from which curbless streets can be sited.
Measuring the Impact of the Trans-European Road Transport Network on the Accessibility of European Urban Agglomerations
Authors: Ibáñez Juan Nicolás , Rotoli Francesco
Published: August 2017

Transport infrastructure investment is a catalyst for enhanced competitiveness and economic growth through an overall reduction in travel times and costs. These efficiency gains are among the goals of the Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) program, one of the major European Union infrastructure policy packages. This study evaluated the benefits of TEN-T with respect to increased accessibility for the population that it encompassed and by using a detailed and up-to-date representation of the entire European road network. A routing algorithm that could efficiently exploit the high detail of the road network was used. By considering various impedance functions in outreach opportunities, the proposed methodology compared, for all major European urban agglomerations considered (695 in total), two measures of accessibility: one baseline measure that considered the TEN-T network as implemented in 2014 and one scenario measure that considered that the whole TEN-T network was completed. The proposed methodology addressed self-accessibility by considering a weighted travel time of the entire road network within each urban agglomeration under study. The results show where the major benefits (accessibility gains) are expected to occur following the completion of the TEN-T policy. In general, the main positive effects are to appear in European areas that are lagging behind in infrastructure investment (Eastern Europe) and in their neighboring counterparts (Central Europe). The presented quantitative estimates may be useful for an eventual review of the focus of and priority for the not-yet-implemented part of TEN-T policy.
Transportation Policy at the Ballot Box
Authors: Fang Kevin , Thigpen Calvin
Published: August 2017

Through direct democracy, the voting public can engage in ballot box planning, by which voters themselves, rather than decision makers, set policy and make project decisions. Previous studies found that ballot box planning has a growing influence on land use policy as well as transportation and land use finance. However, the impact of ballot box planning on transportation policy is relatively unexplored. This paper examines 148 local transportation policy–related ballot measures in California from 1995 to 2015. Most transportation policy measures passed, but measures that could be classified as proalternative or anti-car passed at a slightly higher rate than did procar or antialternative measures and showed some agreement between voters and transportation professionals toward multimodalism. Nonetheless, there are numerous examples of voters constraining the options of transportation planners by restricting or even prohibiting contemporary planning strategies. For example, several successful ballot measures took aim at priced parking, red light cameras, and roundabouts. Ballot measures also can create uncertainty through a ballot box volleyball effect, by which policies and project decisions vacillate between two extremes depending on the results of several ballot measures on the same topic. For such reasons, it has been argued that ballot box planning is a deliberative failure in planning and counteracts the best-laid plans of elected officials and planning practitioners.
Improving Travel Quality of Low-Income Commuters in China
Authors: Cheng Long , Chen Xuewu , Lam William H. K. , Yang Shuo , Wang Pengfei
Published: August 2017

Low-income residents can depend on fewer travel options and have restricted mobility. This paper analyzes low-income commuters’ mode choice behavior by using data from an activity-based travel survey in Fushun, China. An integrated choice and latent variable model is presented. The model uses the following latent attitudes: comfort, convenience, reliability, flexibility, safety, and environmental preferences. The inclusion of attitudes captures unobserved heterogeneity of the choice process with a better understanding of travel demands. Postestimation of the integrated model is applied to assess the responsiveness of preferences for various transportation modes to changes in policy-relevant variables. This assessment is done by calculating the elasticity and marginal effects of choice probabilities for the relevant attributes of travel preferences. The analysis indicates that individuals with high comfort preferences care more about walking environment, and they need solutions to enhance their walking experience. However, travelers preferring reliability are more likely to travel by public transit, and measures to inform commuters of real-time bus operation information were proposed. Commuters who emphasize environmental preference are more apt to cycle; therefore, probike strategies are recommended. Results of the analysis indicate that different actions should be taken to serve different preferences. The findings should be useful information for policy makers and transportation planners wanting to improve low-income commuters’ travel quality.
To Share or Not to Share
Authors: Sarriera Javier Morales , Álvarez Germán Escovar , Blynn Kelly , Alesbury Andrew , Scully Timothy , Zhao Jinhua
Published: August 2017

Transportation network companies (TNCs) have introduced shared-ride versions of their ordinary services, such as UberPool or Lyft Line. The concept is simple: passengers pay less in fares for an incremental increase in time spent picking up and dropping off other riders. This paper focuses on the social and behavioral considerations of shared rides, which have not been explored as thoroughly as time and cost trade-offs in transportation. A survey of TNC users conducted through Mechanical Turk in June and July of 2016, which had 997 respondents across the United States, found that ( a) users of dynamic ridesharing services reported that social interactions were relevant to mode choice, although not as much as traditional factors such as time and cost; ( b) overall, the possibility of having a negative social interaction was more of a deterrent to use of dynamic ridesharing than the potential of having a positive social interaction was an incentive; ( c) there was evidence that a substantial number of riders harbored feelings of prejudice toward passengers of different social class and race, and these passengers were much more likely to prefer having more information about potential future passengers; ( d) most dynamic ridesharing users were motivated by ease and speed, compared with walking and public transportation; and ( e) safety in dynamic ridesharing was an important issue, especially for women, many of whom reported feeling unsafe and preferred to be matched with passengers of the same sex.
Revamping Tribal Road Networks from Various Sources and Improving Quality
Authors: Lee Eunsu
Published: August 2017

The objectives of this study were to integrate road networks to provide a comprehensive road network through the use of multiple public sources and to provide guides for performing a quality control assessment before delivering data and using the data for geospatial analysis. The study focused on the Fort Berthold Reservation in western North Dakota. A method is proposed to integrate multiple public road networks to support a tribal transportation agency. The workflow and techniques proposed are transferrable to other tribal transportation agencies. Depending on current data used for transportation planning and operations, the workflow and processes are subject to change from agency to agency, but the study provided general guidance for the agency. The study recommended that the tribal transportation agencies develop linear referencing systems on the proposed road network to adopt efficient asset management and version control. The linear referencing system should comply with state or federal guidelines for improved communication. To develop appropriate applications, the road network should include additional attributes based on the needs of the reservation.
Conceptual Models of the Effect of Information and Communications Technology on Long-Distance Travel Demand
Authors: Erhardt Gregory D.
Published: August 2017

Rapidly evolving information and communications technology (ICT) poses a risk to the accuracy of long-distance travel (LDT) demand forecasts. The nature of this risk is multifaceted: ICT could reduce demand if people substituted virtual for physical travel, or it could serve as a complement and thereby induce more demand. This paper presents two conceptual models for better understanding the nature of those relationships. Both models start from an existing LDT model and envision how that model can be adapted to capture ICT effects, with one considering the effects explicitly and the other implicitly. When the effects of future technology are being forecast, data collected in the past or in the present, when the future technology does not exist, are inherently limited. In such situations, conceptual models such as these can be applied by using a scenario-based approach to explore a range of reasonable outcomes. This strategy can be an important tool not just for ICT, but also for understanding the risks posed by other future technologies, such as autonomous vehicles.
Real-Time Riders: A First Look at User Interaction Data from the Back End of a Transit and Shared Mobility Smartphone App
Authors: Brakewood Candace , Ghahramani Niloofar , Peters Jonathan , Kwak Eunjin , Sion Jake
Published: August 2017

A fundamental component of transit planning is understanding passenger travel patterns. However, traditional data sources used to study transit travel have some noteworthy drawbacks. For example, manual collection of travel surveys can be expensive, and data sets from automated fare collection systems often include only one transit system and do not capture multimodal trips (e.g., access and egress mode). New data sources from smartphone applications offer the opportunity to study transit travel patterns across multiple metropolitan regions and transit operators at little to no cost. Moreover, some smartphone applications integrate other shared mobility services, such as bikesharing, carsharing, and ride-hailing, which can provide a multimodal perspective not easily captured in traditional data sets. The objective of this research was to take a first look at an emerging data source: back-end data from user interactions with a smartphone application. The specific data set used in this paper was from a widely used smartphone application called Transit that provides real-time information about public transit and shared mobility services. Visualizations of individuals’ interactions with the Transit app were created to demonstrate three unique aspects of this data set: the ability to capture multicity transit travel, the ability to capture multiagency transit travel, and the ability to capture multimodal travel, such as the use of bikeshare to access transit. This data set was then qualitatively compared with traditional transit data sources, including travel surveys and automated fare collection data. The findings suggest that the data set has potential advantages over traditional data sources and could help transit planners better understand how passengers travel.
Synthesis and Characterisation of MoS2–CdS Catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solution
Authors: Ertis Irem Firtina , Boz Ismail
Published: August 2017

A new approach has been developed for the fabrication of visible light photocatalysts. MoS2–CdS binary catalysts with good crystalline structure were prepared by the hydrothermal method. Single CdS and MoS2 catalysts were also synthesised by the hydrothermal method to compare the degradation efficiency results. The structure and size of all the samples were analysed by XRD. The results showed that hydrothermal treatment is an effective method to prepare MoS2–CdS binary catalysts and single CdS catalysts of hexagonal structure. Using UV-Vis reflectance spectra, the bandgap energies of MoS2–CdS binary catalysts and single CdS catalysts were estimated to be in the range of 2.37–2.62 eV and 2.27–2.38 eV, respectively. Higher degradation efficiency was achieved by adding a co-catalyst (MoS2) to the CdS catalysts, compared with the single CdS catalysts. In this case, the degradation efficiency of CdS–Na2S increased from 66% to 75% with addition of MoS2 after 4 h irradiation time.
Synthesis and Fluorescent Properties of Coumarin–Chalcone Hybrids
Authors: Yang Fang , Fan Hongli , Xue Ziyan , Wang Xiaolong
Published: August 2017

Four coumarin–chalcone hybrids were synthesised utilising condensation of acetylcoumarin with three benzaldehydes and cinnamaldehyde, respectively. Moreover, the absorption and fluorescence spectra of these synthesised compounds in dichloromethane were measured.
Living Pattern and Behavioral Risk Factors for Kala-azar: A Case-Control Study in Tertiary Care Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Ahammed Afsar , Feroz Salahuddin , Bhattacharyya Biswajit , Ahammed Imran , Selim Shahjada , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Rahman Md Ridwanur
Published: August 2017

Background: There are many risk factors which can influence the causation of kala azar in Bangladeshi people.Objective: The aim of the present study is to describe the living pattern and behavioral risk factors of kala-azar among a case series of Bangladeshi patients. Method: This case control study was carried out at inpatient department of Community Based Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh from July 2010 to June 2011, for a period of 1(one) year.  The study samples were clinically and parasitologically confirmed kala-azar cases. The controls were rK 39 strip test negative hospitalized cases admitted for other reason.Results: Univariate analysis showed that age, sex, marital status, average number of person living in room frequently, goat sharing in  sleeping room, number of kala-azar treatment in living family members, nearest distance of known kala-azar, were risk factors. Multivariate analysis showed that Marital status (OR=6.940, 95%CI=2.710-17.772, P=.001), Number of family member living in the room were significant risk factors (OR=1.786, 95%CI=1.097-2.907, P=0.020) for kala-azar. Conclusion: These findings have important practical implications because they suggest that these measures, along with appropriate vector control and improved treatment facilities in rural areas, may be particularly effective in reducing the incidence of kala-azar and its transmission of infection by sand fly vectors. Bangladesh Journal of Infectious Diseases 2016;3(2):29-35
Removal of Organic Pollutant from Aqueous Solution by Rice Husk Activated Carbon (RHAC)
Authors: Khan Sabrina , Raha Zannatul Ferdous , Jabeen Mahe , Rukh Mahe , Reza Syeda Tanzila , Khan Easir A
Published: August 2017

In this work, activated carbon was prepared from low cost agricultural by-product rice husk and NaOH was used as chemical activating agent. The characterization of rice husk activated carbon (RHAC) was performed by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and BET surface analyzer. In addition, the proximate analysis and Boehm titration was conducted to investigate RHAC properties and surface function groups. The adsorption of an organic pollutant (phenol) using RHAC was studied by the batch method. It was established that phenol adsorption by RHAC reached equilibrium at about 2640 min and is more compatible with Langmuir adsorption isotherm with respect to Freundlich isotherm. Phenol adsorption capacity of RHAC was found to be 17.123 mg g?1.The phenol adsorption kinetics corresponds well with pseudo first order model.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 29-33
Phase Change Characteristics of Ultra-Thin Liquid Argon Film over different Flat Substrates at High Wall Superheat for Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Wetting Condition: A Non-Equilibrium Molecular Dynamics Study
Authors: Hasan Mohammad Nasim , Shavik SM , Rabbi KF , Mukut KM , Morshed AKMM
Published: August 2017

Non-equilibrium molecular dynamics simulations have been conducted to understand the effect of solid-liquid interfacial wettability and surface material on the phase change phenomena of the thin liquid argon film placed over flat substrate at high wall superheat. The molecular system consists of a three phase simulation domain involving solid wall, liquid argon and argon vapor. After the system is thermally equilibrated at 90K and kept in equilibrium for a while, a high wall superheat (250K that is far above the critical temperature of argon) is induced at the liquid boundary so that the liquid undergoes ultrafast heating. Both hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces were considered in the present study in order to observe the effect of surface wettability on phase change characteristics for three different solid substrate materials namely, Platinum (Pt), Silver (Ag) and Aluminium (Al). Results obtained in the present study are discussed in terms of transient atomic distribution inside system domain, heat flux characteristics across the solid-liquid interface together with evaporative mass flux from liquid argon. Simulation results show that, depending on the surface wetting condition, the phase change process appears to be very different (explosive/ diffusive) for all three substrate materials under consideration. Among three materials considered herein, Al is found to offer the least favourable condition for phase change process while Pt and Ag show similar heat and mass transfer characteristics for both hydrophilic and hydrophobic wetting conditions. Surface wettability effect is found to be more prominent than the effect of substrate material in thin film liquid phase change phenomena.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 49-55
Risk Map for Facility Siting of an Ammonia-Urea Complex
Authors: Syeda Sultana Razia , Maisha Nuzhat , Ferdous Anika
Published: August 2017

In this study safer facility siting of an ammonia-urea complex is demonstrated by risk mapping. This risk map is useful for identifying safer zones within the plant at the design stage as well as before setting temporary shelters, i.e. shelters for contractors and maintenance workers etc. in an existing plant. To prepare the risk map a number of critical process units of an ammonia- urea complex are selected as the sources of toxic release and blast overpressure. Locations of control room and three operators shelters are considered with respect to five critical units. Consequences of toxic release and blast overpressure are modeled for various worst case scenarios developed in the critical units. Both structural damage and human mortality/injury are converted into risk scores. Risk mapping of the battery limit area are done and locations with minimum risk scores within plant area are identified for the probable siting of the control room and operators shelters. The findings are compared with the layout of an existing ammonia-urea complex. It is also shown that a simple risk mapping of the plant area is helpful in avoiding facility siting in high risk zone at the same time finding safer locations for different facilities.Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol. 29, No. 1, 2017: 56-60
Blood Transfusion & Rational use of blood
Authors: Islam Muhammad Shahidul
Published: August 2017

Abstract not availableKYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 736-737
Role of Computed Tomography In The Evaluation of Severity of Acute Pancreatitis
Authors: Sharif Md Mofazzal , Ferdousi Mahfuz Ara , Rahman Md Towhidur , Rahman Nayeema , Ullah Md Nayeem , Mohiuddin AS
Published: August 2017

Title: Role of computed tomography in the evaluation of severity of acute pancreatitis.Introduction: Early diagnosis and determination of severity of acute pancreatitis is important for management and it depends largely on severity of disease. Medical treatment of mild acute pancreatitis includes conservative management while severe acute pancreatitis requires intensive care to surgical intervention (open or minimally invasive) in selected cases.Methodology: This prospective study was carried out to find out the correlation between modified CT severity index and patient's clinical outcome in acute pancreatitis enrolling 96 subjects in the department of Radiology and Imaging, BIRDEM during two years time period. Severity of acute pancreatitis was assessed by both clinical and imaging staging (Modified CT severity index) in mild, moderate and severe groups.Result: Mean age ( ± SD) of the study subjects was 35.48 ± 14.59 years and number of male was 60 (62.50%) and female was 36 (37.50%). Acute pancreatitis was associated with hypertriglyceridemia (19.79%), gall stone (12.5%), post ERCP (6.25%) and alcoholism (2.08%). Aetiology was unidentified in 59.73% subjects. Majority of the subjects with acute pancreatitis presented with abdominal pain, fever (20.08%), vomiting (54.41%) and oedema (25%). On imaging, diffuse pancreatic enlargement was noted in 29.16% subjects. Pancreatic inflammation with and without peripancreatic fat involvement were observed in 27.08% and 72.91% subjects respectively. Pseudocyst formation (13.54%), ascites (30.20%), renal fascia involvement (46.87%) and pleural effusion (37.5%) were seen in CT scan. Severity of acute pancreatitis was evaluated by clinical findings and CT severity index and the measure of agreement between clinical and imaging staging was almost perfect. CT severity index in acute pancreatitis had statically significant relation with clinical outcome (0.573), organ failure (0.674), need for surgical intervention (0.463) and hospital stay (0.235).Conclusion: Modified CT severity index in acute pancreatitis correlates with patient outcome. During reporting if this simple scoring system is applied then we can easily measure the severity and determine whether patient need medical or surgical intervention.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 738-744
Management of Displaced Supracondylar Fracture of Late Presentation in Children by Open Reduction and Internal Fixation
Authors: Islam Md Ashraful , Rashid Md Abdur , Milon Md Hafizur Rahman , Solayman Mohammed , Khan Md Asmaul Hossain
Published: August 2017

Background: In late presentation of cases there is dilemma whether to wait for osteotomy later or do open reduction on arrival. The purpose of this prospective multicentric study is to evaluate the functional outcome of open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) with crossed Kirschner wires fixation and early joint motion in the late presentation of supracondylar fractures in children.Methods: A total of 21 children, with an average delay of 22.5 days, with displaced type III Gartland supracondylar fracture, were treated by ORIF with crossed Kirschner wires fixation and early joint motion. Average follow-up was 12 months.Results: Flynn's criteria were used to evaluate the outcome. All of them had more functional range of motion of the injured elbow than the published reports.Conclusions: Most of the surgeons in the developing world prefer ORIF for optimal results. Thus it appears to be justifiable to go for ORIF with K-wires even in the late presentation of supracondylar fractures. The overall results are encouraging. However, the small number of cases and lack of control group are the limitations of this study. The study is ongoing and so the full report with more cases will be presented later.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 745-749
Symptoms of Respiratory Health Problems in Rice Mill Workers of Bangladesh
Authors: Ansari Md Mostaque Hossain , Karim Md Rezaul , Mashud Istaque
Published: August 2017

Background: Husking, Major and Automatic types of rice mills are small scale industry abundant in Bangladesh producing parboiled rice. A little information is available about the chronic respiratory health problems of the workers due their occupational exposure to the rice mill dust in Bangladesh.Objectives: To be aware of symptoms of chronic respiratory health problems in rice mill workers of Bangladesh.Materials and methods: This descriptive cross sectional study was carried out among 500 rice mill workers. Data were collected about the symptoms of chronic respiratory health problems by face to face interview with questionnaire. Physical examinations and lung function test were done.Results: Total 34.0% of workers complained suffering from the symptoms of chronic respiratory illness. Cough (18.0%), dyspnoea (10.0%), rhinitis (6.8%) and wheezing (5.8%) were the prevalent symptoms. No clinical sign of any respiratory disease was detected. The majority (69.0%) of the symptom sufferers worked in Parboiling and drying section (PBDS) of the mills and their duration of employment and suffering from symptoms were also short.Conclusion: Occupational respiratory health problem in rice mill workers in Bangladesh is not at remarkable level. Only symptomatic treatment is required to elude the problems at present but continuing in job health education, supervision and monitoring are essential for future.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 758-761
Dual Bronchodilation By Once Daily Fixed Dose Combined Indacaterol And Glycopyrronium, New Era For Treatment In Moderate To Severe COPD
Authors: Uddin Md Kazi Shihab
Published: August 2017

Original Article- Dual bronchodilation with QVA149 reduces patient-reported dyspnoea in COPD: BLAZE study (Ref: ERJ Express. Published on October 31, 2013 as doi: 10.1183/09031936.00124013)Abstract: The effect of a dual bronchodilator (QVA149) was evaluated combining Indacaterol and Glycopyrronium, on direct patient-reported dyspnoea in moderate-to severe COPD. In this multicentre, blinded, double-dummy, three-period crossover study, once-daily QVA149 provided superior improvements in patientreported dyspnoea and lung function versus placebo and tiotropium. These benefits were associated with improvements in other symptoms and reduced use of rescue medication.KYAMC Journal Vol. 7, No.-2, Jan 2017, Page 804-805