bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approaching Metaphorical Terms in Subject-specific Terminologies (Geologic and Geodetic): Semantic and Structural Aspects
Authors: Hrybinyk Yuliia , Halai Tetiana , Yesypenko Nadia , Bloshchynskyi Ihor
Published: September 2022

Terminological metaphors appear as a result of terminologisation, the process when commonly used words acquire special meaning, specific to a certain area of science. The mechanism of metaphoric representation of subject-specific concepts is based on certain associations (form, shape, function, structure, etc.). Terminological metaphors constitute an essential part of professional vocabulary being the means that help to facilitate nomination and understanding of subject-specific concepts, objects and processes for both specialists and non-professionals. This paper examines metaphorical terms in the domain of two subject-specific terminologies – geodetic and geological. The main objective of the research is to analyze terminological units of metaphorical character extracted from dictionaries and related reference literature in geodesy and geology, to determine their structural and semantic peculiarities, as well as their productivity. Metaphors under study have been investigated in accordance with semantic, structural and morphological approaches. The quantative analysis and the method of calculations have been applied to establish the productivity of different semantic and structural models of the terms. It has been found out that anthropological metaphorical terms prevail in geodetic and geologic terminologies. The vocabulary under study comprises one-stem terms, compound terms and terminological word combinations of metaphorical character. The latter ones turned out to be dominant. The results of the data analysis indicate that the number of noun models exceeds in both terminological systems.
A biomass waste evaluation for power energy generation in Mexico based on a SWOT & Fuzzy-logic analysis
Authors: Hernandez-Escalante Mariana , Martin-del-Campo Cecilia
Published: September 2022

Power energy generation in Mexico based on bioenergy is currently insignificant. However, the potential for taking advantage of biomass resources in the country is considerable. This article aims to evaluate the use of biomass waste for the Mexican energy transition in the near future. The methodology starts by identifying sites with biomass waste and establishing the conversion processes needed to produce electricity for each type of biomass.  A SWOT analysis was implemented to define the criteria for evaluating all options on the same basis. The opinion of experts in energy systems was collected to assign the priority to each criterion. A fuzzy-logic inference system was formulated to assess the options based on the quality of their attributes. The output obtained from the fuzzy analysis is a sustainability prioritisation of all options. We analysed a case study for the Baja California Sur (BCS) region, and the results show the prioritisation ranking of 24 alternatives regarding the sustainable use of bioenergy in the region and we made a proposal of an indicative plan to introduce bioenergy in the region from now until 2032. If the indicative plan were implemented, 61% of the power demand of BCS could be covered with bioenergy by 2032.
Ranking of energy sources for sustainable electricity generation in Indonesia: A participatory multi-criteria analysis
Authors: Siregar Yudha Irmansyah
Published: September 2022

An evaluation of energy sources for electricity generation should consider manifold aspects of the sustainable development concept. The evaluation also needs active participation from all involved stakeholders. The objective of this paper is to rank energy sources for sustainable electricity generation in Indonesia. A multi-criteria decision analysis using the analytic hierarchy process method was applied to deal with multiple aspects of the sustainable development in the ranking of selected energy sources. Four criteria, twelve sub-criteria and nine energy source alternatives (three fossil fuels and six renewables) were defined. Relevant Indonesian energy stakeholders from government institutions, universities, think tanks, the energy industry, civil society and international organisations participated in this research. They gave judgements on pair-wise comparisons of the criteria and sub-criteria and a performance evaluation of the alternatives against four sub-criteria. The performance of the alternatives against the other eight sub-criteria was evaluated using data from relevant literature. This paper indicates that solar is the top ranked alternative for sustainable electricity generation in Indonesia, followed by hydro and oil as the top three. To fulfil the solar energy potential, the Indonesian government should consider policies that focus on the strengths of solar in the economic and social criteria.
The Effect of COVID-19 on Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty Utilization, Patient Comorbidity Burden, and Complications in the United States: A Nationwide Analysis
Authors: Gordon Adam M. , Magruder Matthew L. , Conway Charles A. , Sheth Bhavya K. , Erez Orry
Published: September 2022

Introduction:

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is one of the highest volume elective procedures done nationwide. Elective surgery was suspended because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The utilization trends, comparison of patient demographics, and postoperative outcomes in 2020 have yet to be evaluated substantially. We compared temporal trends in procedural volume, patient demographics, and postoperative complications of elective TKA in 2019 and 2020.

Methods:

Using a multicenter, nationwide representative sample, a retrospective query of the 2019 to 2020 American College of Surgeon's National Surgery Quality Improvement Program database was conducted for patients undergoing elective TKA. Temporal trends in utilization, demographics, and length of stay were compared pre-COVID-19 (2019 to 2020Q1) with post-COVID-19 (2020Q2 to Q4). Postoperative outcomes were compared by calendar year (2019 versus 2020). Linear regression was used to evaluate changes in procedural volume over time. A significance threshold of P < 0.05 was used.

Results:

A total of 121,415 patients underwent elective TKA in 2019 (N = 72,002) and 2020 (N = 49,413), a 31.4% decline. The proportion of hospital-defined “outpatient” TKAs in 2020 was significantly greater than that in 2019 (41.5% versus 25.5%; P < 0.001). Elective TKA utilization declined by 65.1% in 2020Q2 and never returned to prepandemic baseline in 2020Q3 to Q4. The average length of stay was shorter in 2020 (1.56 versus 1.87 days; P < 0.001). The proportion of same-day discharge increased each quarter from 2019Q1 to Q4 (6.2% to 8.6%) to 2020Q1 to Q4 (8.7% to 17.1%). Total complication rates were similar in 2019 (4.84%) versus 2020 (4.75%); P = 0.430. The 30-day mortality (0.08% versus 0.07%; P = 0.858), revision surgery (1.0% versus 1.0%;P = 0.940), and readmission (2.8% versus 2.6%; P = 0.053) rates were no different between 2019 and 2020.

Conclusion:

Elective TKA declined during the second quarter of 2020. A large proportion of surgeries were transitioned to outpatient with rates of same-day discharge increasing over the study period, despite no change in complication, mortality, and readmission rates. Patient outcomes were not compromised despite pandemic restrictions for elective surgery.

Level of Evidence:

Level III
Activity Measure for Post-acute Care Mobility Scoring System: Comparison of Nursing and Physical Therapy Evaluation for Primary Hip and Knee Arthroplasty Patients
Authors: Sutton Ryan , Goh Graham , D'Amore Taylor , Clark Sean , Meghpara Michael , Purtill James
Published: September 2022

Background:

Optimizing resource utilization after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) has become increasingly vital. The Activity Measure for Post-acute Care (AM-PAC) “6-clicks” scoring system is a validated, physical therapist (PT)-administered metric of patient basic mobility and predicts discharge disposition. This study aimed to determine whether the use of AM-PAC scoring by nurses in the postoperative period could (1) substitute for AM-PAC scoring by therapists and (2) predict 90-day outcomes in TJA patients.

Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed all primary TJAs conducted by two surgeons at a single institution from 2019 to 2021. Patients underwent postoperative AM-PAC evaluation by nursing and physical therapy within 24 hours of surgery, and specific timing of nursing and PT scores was determined. Inter-rater reliability between therapy and nursing scores was analyzed. Multiple regression was used to determine the association between AM-PAC scores and readmissions, complications, length of stay, and nonhome discharge.

Results:

In total, 1,119 patients were included. Agreement testing between therapy and nursing scores was weak for all six AM-PAC components, with a Spearman correlation of 0.437. Nursing scores were typically conducted earlier than therapist scores (204.0 ± 249.9 minutes versus 523.5 ± 449.4 minutes; P < 0.001). Therapy and nursing scores were not notable predictors for 90-day complications or readmissions. However, higher therapy and nursing scores were predictors of less than 2-day hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] 0.63, P < 0.001; OR 0.88, P < 0.001) and fewer nonhome discharges (OR 0.62, P < 0.001; OR 0.84, P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Although nursing-driven mobility assessments could potentially improve efficiency of patient discharge and control costs, nursing AM-PAC scoring did not serve as an appropriate substitute for PT scoring in patients undergoing primary total hip and knee arthroplasty at our institution.
Jerusalem Through the Eyes of Armenian Photographers: Garabed Krikorian, Johannes Krikorian, Elia Kahvedjian
Authors: Herkelian Herag
Published: September 2022

The article is dedicated to the development of the art of photography in Jerusalem, the foundation of which was laid by Armenians. The three presented photographs reflect the episodes and realities of the daily life of the inhabitants of Jerusalem in the first half of the 20th century – until the beginning of the Second World War. The authors are Garabed Krikorian, Johannes Krikorian and Elia Kahvedjian. The work of Armenian photographers is a special documentary material about Jerusalem at the end of the 19th century – the beginning of the 20th century, becoming an important contribution to the history of Jerusalem. They are the pioneers of photography in the Middle East. The Armenians of Jerusalem connect their history with the history of the Jewish people, since both peoples suffered many trials, including genocide. However, both peoples survived and continue to coexist side by side in the Old City, bringing them together and uniting them.
Design and Development of a Power Operated Sunflower Thresher
Authors: Hoque Muhammad , Ali Md , Miah Md , Karim Md , Hossain Md
Published: September 2022

Sunflower production is increasing in Bangladesh, but farmers face problems separating the seeds from the sunflower heads. Sunflowers are traditionally threshed by beating the heads manually with a stick. The goal of this experiment is to design and develop a motor-driven machine that separates the seeds from the sunflower. An orthographic projection was drawn using SolidWorks 2016 software. The sunflower threshing machine was then fabricated according to the drawing in the FMPE Divisional workshop using locally available materials in 2017-18. The developed sunflower threshing machine was modified in 2018-19. The improved model was further modified to reduce the overall dimensions while maintaining the same capacity of the machine. The number of threshing rollers was reduced from 5 to 4. A threshing fan has been added to the improved version to separate the dust from the grains. The capacity of the motorized sunflower thresher was 115 and 304% higher than that of the pedal thresher and manual threshing, respectively. The capacity of the thresher was varied with moisture content. The capacity of the thresher varied from 89 to 125 kg/h at moisture content from 31 to 62% (wb).
PRODUCTION AND MARKETING SYSTEM OF FLOWERS IN THE SELECTED AREAS OF JASHORE
Authors: Hajong Pradip , Kobir Md , Paul Suchana , Dipto Rashid , Ghosh Anup
Published: September 2022

The study was undertaken to assess the production and marketing system of different flower cultivated in Jashore district. Different flowers were cultivated and planted seed/seedling in different months, but their target was same as they sold it in a specific occasion. Gladiolus, rose, marigold, chrysanthemum, tuberose, gerbera, jasmine, gipsy etc. flowerwere cultivated commercially inJashore. Flower was used in different national, occasional and cultural day such as happy new year, valentines day, pohelafalgun, shaheed dibos, 17th march, independence day, pohelaboishakh, 15th August, victory day and many more. People buy flower for celebration of national day, marriage day, birth day and so on. Among the cultivated flower gladiolus, rose, tuberose, gerbera and marigold were 57%, 41%, 69%, 17% and 71% farmer respectively.Benefit cost ratio on the total cost basis was highest in gerbera cultivation (2.67) followed by tuberose (1.88), rose (1.81), gladiolus (1.78) and marigold (1.56) respectively. Farmer, farmer cum trader, paiker, arathdar cum paiker, retailer, consumer etc. were the main market actors of flower. Flower cultivation was profitable as its BCR was more than one. But some flower required huge amount of investment. People used flower as its esthetic value and share his feeling with others, so that the consumption of flower was increased day by day. Insect pest infestation was the main problem of flower. Transportation and storage were the main problem of flower marketing as it was perishable products. Training, supply of sapling, market linkage should by developed for proper cultivation, quick transportation, proper storage and other facilities to reduce spoilage and damage of flower.
Phosphorus availability in broilers given phosphorus deficient diets containing phytase with and without citric acid
Authors: Chowdhury Rakhi , Mamun Mohammad , Rahman Aliar , Hoque Amirul
Published: September 2022

In the present study, the effects of phytase supplementation with and without citric acid (CA) on growth performance, carcass characteristics and serum minerals concentration, tibia and shank characteristics, and phosphorus (P) retention were determined in broilers fed non-phytate P deficient diets. Ninety six one day old male broilers (COBB-500) were divided into four groups (twenty four birds each, and were fed one of the following diets until they were 35 days old: positive control (PC) diet formulated based on the NRC (1994) recommendations, negative control (NC) diet containing 0.20 % lower non-phytate P than that in the PC diet, and two other diets were formulated by adding only phytase (500 FTU/kg of feed) or phytase with CA (500 FTU/kg of feed with 2 % CA). At the age of 36 day, birds were sacrificed, samples were collected, processed, and then analyzed. Compared with the PC group, NC group showed impaired growth performance (final BW, BW gain, and FCR), serum P concentration, tibia and shank characteristics (dry weight, contents of ash and P). However, in most cases, these impairments were ameliorated (P<0.05) by the addition of phytase, and the restoration magnitude was non-significantly greater in phytase with CA group. Retention of total P increased (P<0.05) in phytase added groups compared with NC group, and was comparable with PC group, although non-phytate P level was lower in those groups. In conclusion, broilers fed phytase added non-phytate P deficient diets (without any dietary synthetic source of P) showed the growth performance, mineral (P) concentration in blood and bone, and relative retention of P comparable with broilers fed recommended one. Addition of CA along with phytase in diet was a costlier affair without any significant beneficial effects.
Efficacy of different bagging techniques for the management of litchi fruit borer (Conopomorpha sinensis)
Authors: Taher Muhammad , Rahman Md , Islam Khandakar , Uddin Mohammad
Published: September 2022

The bagging of fruits is widely used to provide a physical barrier between the fruits and insect pests. Litchi can easily be bagged to keep them safe from oviposition of litchi fruit borer, Conopomorpha sinensis Bradley (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae). Efficacies of different bagging alone or in combination with insecticides were evaluated against the control trees in a commercial litchi orchard in Bangladesh. The study consisted of five treatments: mosquito net sheets, mosquito net bags, white waxed-paper bags, mosquito net bags combined with Novastar 56 EC (bifenthrin + abamectin) and mosquito net bags combined with neem leaf extracts. Treatments were set at 10, 20 and 30 days after fruit settings (DAFS). Regardless of the bagging method and setting times, all the treatments significantly reduced C. sinensis infestations compared to the control trees. Earlier bagging of fruits (within the 10 days of fruit settings) provided the best protection (100%) from C. sinensis infestations. In the cases of later bagging of fruits (at 20 and 30 DAFS), better defences against C. sinensis were found from the white waxed-paper bagging and mosquito net bags + Novastar 56 EC treatments. Irrespective of the bagging times, higher pest-free fruits (>95%) and benefit-cost ratios (BCR) were achieved from the bagging with white waxed-paper bags (8.25:1) and the mosquito net bags + Novastar 56 EC (5.18:1). Among the treatments, the mosquito net bags, or sheets were less effective. However, mosquito net bags combined with neem leaf extracts provided better outcomes. Therefore, bagging fruits within 10 days of fruit settings can be recommended for better protection. For the delayed bagging, white waxed-paper bags or the mosquito net bags in combination with Novastar 56 EC (preferred) or neem leaf extracts might be suggested.
Effect of Soymilk on the Nutritional, Textural and Sensory Quality of Pudding
Authors: Rahim Abdur , Islam Md , Iqbal Abdullah , Akter Farzana , Mazumder Md
Published: September 2022

Soy milk is an attractive alternative to cow's milk because of its high protein content, lower fat content and being free of cholesterol and lactose (milk sugar), which millions of lactose-intolerant people are incapable of digesting properly. Nowadays, plant-based food products are gaining more popularity due to several health benefits. Soybean saponins are phytosterols found in soybeans, leading to an increase in excretion and preventing absorption, resulting in body cholesterol depletion. This study aimed to develop pudding by incorporating soymilk and assed its quality. Soybean was soaked, blanched, ground, and filters to extract soy milk. The chemical composition of soymilk and cow milk was analyzed. Five formulae were developed for soy pudding using 0, 25, 50, 75,and 100% soymilk and named A, B, C, D, and E, respectively. Processed soy pudding was analyzed for nutritional, textural, and sensory quality. The moisture and protein content was higher in soymilk whereas ash, fat, and carbohydrate content were higher in cow milk. Pudding containing soy milk had a higher amount of protein than the control samples. The level of protein content for soy pudding was E>D>C>B>A. Sample A showed the lowest hardness compared with the others. Calcium, phosphorous, sodium, and zinc content decreased (p<0.05) with the addition of soy milk. However, the opposite scenario was observed for iron, magnesium, and potassium. Moreover, soymilk fortification decreased L*-value of soy pudding and lessened viscosity relative to the control. Sensory analysis suggested that sample C (50% soymilk and 50% cow milk) and sample B (25% soymilk and 75% cow milk) were equally acceptable to consumers. So, it can be said that soymilk could be used for processing pudding at 25 and 50% levels.
Assessment of heavy metal residue, physicochemical properties, and sensory properties of CaC2 treated banana
Authors: Islam Rokshana , Antora Raiya , Monira Syeeda , Aziz Mohammad , Alim Md
Published: September 2022

This study assessed the food safety risks associated with bananas ripened by CaC2. For ripening, calcium carbide concentrations were used per kilogram bananas (1% and 2%of calcium carbide solution; 5 gm, and 10 gm of calcium carbide powder) and compared results of artificially ripened fruits with control samples. Heavy metals like arsenic, phosphorous and calcium content at market banana were found higher than other treated samples. Total sugar, reducing sugar, TSS, pH, titrable acidity, vitamin C, and carotenoid were lower at market sample than other samples. Moisture content increased while total sugar, reducing sugar, TSS, pH, titrable acidity, vitamin C and carotenoid decreased with increasing CaC2 concentration. Other than titrable acidity, pH, total sugar and TSS were negatively correlated with the heavy metals. Sensory properties decreased with increasing CaC2 concentration. In conclusion, the market sample contained more health risk compared to the calcium carbide ripened banana assessed in this study.
SNHL in Patients with IBD & its Predictors
Authors: H Marzouki , A Alahwal , A Bari , S Alsebai , O Rawas , W Aldaher , Alsahafi Alsahafi , O Saadah , M Mosli
Published: September 2022

Background and Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an autoimmune disorder linked to several auditory disorders, particularly sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), which otherwise presents as symptomatic or asymptomatic. This study examined the prevalence of SNHL in a cohort of Saudi Arabian patients with IBD to identify possible predictors.
Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study examined adult patients with IBD comprising the main subtypes of the disease, ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn’s disease (CD), who were followed up at the Gastroenterology Clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital (KAUH). Demographic data were collected, and disease severity was assessed using the Harvey-Bradshaw index (HBI) for CD patients and the partial Mayo score for UC patients. Otoscopy, tympanometry, and pure tone audiometry were conducted for hearing assessment through referrals to the audiology unit of the otolaryngology department. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. An independent samples t-test, Mann–Whitney U test, chi-squared test, and Fisher’s exact test were used for statistical comparison between variables.
Results: Thirty-three patients met the inclusion criteria. The ear assessment was found to be normal on otoscopy examination in 97% of patients (n=32). Right ear pure tone audiometry showed SNHL in 21.1% of patients, conductive hearing loss in 6.1%, left ear pure tone audiometry found SNHL in 21.2% of patients, conductive hearing loss in 3%, and mixed in 6.1%. No significant differences were found between patients with and without SNHL with respect to various demographic, environmental, and medical variables: age, sex, smoking history, IBD medication, extra-intestinal manifestations, hearing loss factors, and IBD subtype.
Conclusions: In assessing the ear and analysis of IBD patient characteristics, the presence or absence of SNHL was not significantly associated with the environmental and medical variables considered. Indeed, the results showed normal findings in most IBD patients examined; SNHL was observed only in a small proportion of the cohort. No clinically significant predictors of SNHL were identified
A quality audit of the medicinal package insert information of drugs marketed in India
Authors: Pati Ayan , Zaman Sameer
Published: September 2022

Background: A package insert (PI) accompanying medicinal products is a concise and accessible source of evidence-based information for health professionals and consumers alike. In India, the supplied information should be adequate and fulfill the statutory regulations of the Drug and Cosmetics Rules (1945) to ensure the safe and effective use of the drug.

Aim and Objectives: The present observational study aimed to evaluate the uniformity and adequacy of information on PIs available in India.

Materials and Methods: PIs of approved and marketed drugs were collected from pharmacies and analyzed with the help of a 30-item checklist comprising of components of statutory guidelines and other quality indicators. Each item was assigned a weightage of two if the information was complete, one if inadequate, and 0 if absent. The total score was calculated for each PI.

Results: The median score of the 150 analyzed PIs was 41 (Inter quartile range, 36.00–45.25) out of a maximum value of 60. The major deficiencies observed were in providing missed dose instructions (91.33%), further reading resources (84.67%), supporting references (83.33%), and drug disposal instructions (76%). Other notable missing information were laboratory parameter interference (68.67%), clinical trial data (62%), adverse drug reaction reporting contact information (56.67%), and a list of excipients (49.33%).

Conclusion: There are important inadequacies in the clinical information provided in Indian PIs which can affect patient health and hinder rational drug use. Thorough evaluation and revision of the PIs is warranted to make them more reliable and popular among users.
Clinical Efficacy of Doripenem in Treating Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia and Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Wu Kun , Chao Chien , Lee Guang
Published: September 2022

This meta-analysis investigated whether the clinical efficacy of doripenem is comparable to that of alternative antibiotics for treating hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP) and ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Ovid MEDLINE, and EBSCO databases were searched for literature published before October 20, 2021. Clinical studies comparing the efficacy of doripenem with that of other antibiotics in HAP/VAP treatment were included. Primary outcomes included all-cause mortality at 28 to 30 days, whereas the secondary outcome was the clinical cure rate. In total, 5 clinical studies were included in this meta-analysis. All-cause mortality did not differ significantly between doripenem and the comparators. For VAP alone, no statistical differences were observed between doripenem and the comparators. For Pseudomonas aeruginosa-related pneumonia, mortality did not differ between doripenem and the comparators. The clinical cure rates were 60.7% and 57.3% for doripenem and the comparators, respectively; a similar trend was observed in the subgroup analysis for VAP. For HAP/VAP due to P. aeruginosa, the clinical cure rates for doripenem and the comparators did not differ. Doripenem was comparable to other antibiotics in the treatment of HAP and VAP.
Effects of Vitamin E and Selenium-yeast on Cognitive Performance in Pregnant Dams Using Percentage Alternation and Discrimination Index Determinants
Authors: Ochayi Okwute , Anyaehie Bond , Iyare Eghosa , Murtala Ngabea
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Oxidative stress has been a hallmark in cognitive disorders; there is a need to mitigate it and a suitable model for cognitive assessment in rodents. This study investigates the effects of Vitamin E and Selenium yeast on the cognitive performance of pregnant dams using percentage alternation and discrimination index determinants.
Materials and Methods: Thirty-five Wistar rats were used for this study and grouped into seven (n=5); group 1 (non-pregnant), group 2 (pregnant), group 3 (pregnant + received vitamin E; 100 mg/kg/day) group 4 (pregnant + received selenium-yeast; 0.4 mg/kg/day), group 5 (pregnant + received yeast; 50 mg/kg/day) group 6 (pregnant + received selenium; 0.25 mg/kg/day) and group 7 (pregnant + received vitamin E; 100 mg/kg/day + selenium-yeast; 0.4 mg/kg/day). Discrimination index was evaluated using novel object recognition, apparatus, while percentage alternation was evaluated using Y-maze on day 19.
Results: Percentage alternation increased in group 1 and antioxidants treated groups respectively compared to group 2 (p˂0.05). Discrimination index significantly increased in group 1 and antioxidants treated groups compared to group 2 (p˂0.05).
Conclusion: The percentage alternation and discrimination index show promising results in the cognitive assessment of pregnant dams. Antioxidant molecules such as vitamin E and selenium-yeast potentiate the indices of cognitive improvement.
Prognostic Value of Cardiac Biomarkers in Children with Acute Bronchiolitis
Authors: Gullu Ufuk , Ipek Sevcan
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Determining the severity of acute bronchiolitis in children is important for the clinical management of the disease. Therefore, we aimed to reveal their prognostic importance by examining cardiac markers in our patients with acute bronchiolitis.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a single-center retrospective, observational study with children with acute bronchiolitis between 1 month and 2 years of age, between December 2020 and December 2021, who were covid-19 PCR test negative and had no covid-19 contact. We scanned demographic, clinical and laboratory parameters from medical records.
Results: A total of 45 (44% female) children with acute bronchiolitis, a median (IQR) age of 5 (5) months were included in the study. There were 7 (16%) mild bronchiolitis, 23 (51%) moderate and 15 (33%) severe bronchiolitis patients. The cutoff point of Nt-proBNP to be ≥1025 ng/L to predict severe bronchiolitis with a sensitivity of 71% and a specificity of 80 % at admission in children with acute bronchiolitis.
Conclusion: We think that the threshold value for Nt-proBNP in the study can be used to identify patients with severe bronchiolitis in the early period and to reduce mortality and morbidity by earlier intervention.
On some species of Ginkgoites from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a number of leaf impressions referred to the genus Ginkgoites Seward from Sakrigalighat. The specimens, on the basis of the shape and size of the lamina, can be separated into different species. There are two chief types: (1) Leaves comparatively large, divided into four cuneate segments each of which is again partially divided. (2) Leaves small and divided into four to five linear segments which may again be divided. In both the cases the leaves possess a distinct and fairly long petiole.
Notes on some Jurassic plants from the Rajmahak Hills, Bihar, India
Authors: Gupta K.M.
Published: September 2022

A few interesting plant impressions are described out of an old collection made by the author and his friends in 1934 from the Rajmahal Hills. It includes two new species of Rhizomopteris (R. Sahnii and R. rajmahalense). one new species of Cladophlebis (C. Srivastavai), one new species of Cycadeospermum (C. indicum), one new species of Conijerocaulon (C. rajmahalense), and one new species of Cycadolepis (C. indica).

Besides an impression of a Williamsonia flower some cycadean seeds and stems have been figured. All the fossils are characteristic of the Rajmahal flora.
On two new species of Mesembrioxylon from the cretaceous rocks of the Trichinopoly district, Madras
Authors: Varma C.P.
Published: September 2022

A collection of about a dozen fossil woods from the Cretaceous rocks of the Trichinopoly district sent by Mr. S. R. Sarma reveals the presence of coniferous woods which have been preserved in limestone. The two woods described in this paper represent two new species of Mesembrioxylon Seward, an artificial genus of fossil conifers showing podocarpinean affinities. The new species have been named M. trichinopoliense and M. Sarmai. The former shows some resemblance with M. fusiforme Sahni described from the Tertiary of Queensland while the latter is new.
Dadoxylon rajmahalense Sahni from the Coastal Gondwanas of India
Authors: Suryanarayana K.
Published: September 2022

The paper describes a fossil wood identifiable as Dadoxylon rajmahalense Salmi from the Coastal Gondwanas of India. This is the first record of the genus Dadoxylon from these beds. Incidentally, a poorly preserved specimen of Dadoxylon described from south west of Tiki in Rewah by Sahni has also been identified as Dadoxylon rajmahalense.
Sporojuglandoidites jurassicus gen. et sp. nov., a sporomorph from the Jurassic of the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

Under the name Sporojuglandoidites jurassicus a new sporomorph is described from the Jurassic rocks of India. The sporomorph is distinguished by the presence of foraminoid apertures on its body-a character not met with in any plant group except the angiosperms. In general characters it seems to resemble the juglandoid grains.
Coniferocaulon latisulcatum sp. nov. from the Rajmahal hills, Bihar, with remarks on the affinities of the genus
Authors: Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

A new species of a petrified wood referable from its external characters to Coniferocaulon Fliche is described. This genus has previously heen recorded from the Rajmahal Hills in the form of casts, but the anatomical details are given here for the first time. On the basis of these the affinities of the genus have been discussed.

Coniferocaulon lalisulcatum is closely comparable to some species of Mesembrioxylon Seward in having a narrow pith with scattered stone cells; uniseriate, low medullary rays; scattered xylem parenchyma; radial pits usually arranged in a single row, separate or contiguous, and circular, but sometimes flattened, rarely biseriate, opposite or sub-opposite; and in having pits with oblique pores in the cross-field. The wood is also closely comparable to that of Podocarpus ferruginoides Compt.

The characters of this species of Coniferocaulon are, as a whole, more suggestive of a Podocarpinean affinity rather than Araucarian.
Studies on the fossil flora of Nipania (Rajmahal Series), Bihar - Coniferales
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

Besides adding additional information about the morphology of the already known silicified remains from Nipania, viz. Nipaniostrobus sahnii Rao, Masculostrobus rajmahalensis Rao, Nipanioruha granthia Rao, new material described includes Masculostrobus podocarpoides sp. nov., M. sp., Nipaniostrobus pagiophylloides sp. nov., N. aciculifolia sp. nov., Nipanioruha lanceolata sp. nov. and N. curvifolia sp. nov.; Mehtaia rajmahalensis gen. et sp. nov., M. nipaniensis sp. nov., M. santalensis sp. nov,; Sitholeya rajmahalensis gen. et sp. nov.; Indophyllum sahnii gen. et sp. nov., I. raoi sp. nov., I. nipanica sp. nov.; Elatocladus sahnii sp. nov., Brachyphyllum florini sp. nov.; Pagiophyllum araucaroides sp. nov. Fossil history of Podocarpaceae is also discussed.
Studies on the fossil flora of Nipania, Rajmahal Series, India - Pteridophyta, and general observation on Nipania fossil flora
Authors: Vishnu-Mittre
Published: September 2022

The paper describes several silicified pteridophytic remains, Lycoxylon indicum (SRIVASTAVA) emend., L. Type 2, Sphenopteris sp., Cladophlebis sahnii sp. nov., 5 types of petioles and rachises, 3 types of sori, 3 types of isolated sporangia, 2 new species of Solenostelopteris Kershaw (S. nipanica sp. nov. and S. sahnii sp. nov.), 3 new species of Dictyostelopteris gen. nov. (D. rajmahalense sp. nov., D. fasciosteloides sp. nov. and D. jacobi sp. nov.) and Tinpaharia sinuosa Jacob.

In general composition the fossil flora of Nipania seems to compare with the fossil flora of Jabalpur and the Kota Stages of the Upper Gondwana and is, therefore, believed to belong to the uppermost strata in the Rajmahal Stage.
Studies on the fossil flora of the Jabalpur Series from the South Rewa Gondwana basin - 1. Cycadopteris, Nipaniophyllum and Ginkgoites
Authors: Bose M.N. , Dev Sukh
Published: September 2022

Cycadopteris brauniana Zigno and four new species of the genus (C. pulcherrima, C. auriculata, C. indica and C. majus). a new species of Nipaniophyllum (N. hirsutum and another of Ginkgoites (G. feistmantelii) form the subject of the present paper. All the species of Cycadopteris have been distinguished from one another on the basis of their cuticular structure. N. hirsutum is characterized by having a large number of trichome bases on both the upper and lower surfaces and by having on the lower side cells with straight or slightly undulated walls. G. feistmantelii is different from the other known species of Ginkgoites as it has only a slight notch near the apex and is not lobed. It has also very few veins.
Studies in the Talchir flora of India - 1. Sporae dispersae from the Talchir beds of South Rewa Gondwana basin
Authors: Potonie R. , Lele K.M.
Published: September 2022

Sporae dispersae from the Talchir shales at Goraia in the South Rewa Gondwana basin have been described. The spores are assigned to 13 genera. Two species, viz. Potonieisporites neglectus and Lunatisporites goraiensis, are new. The genus Quadrisporites of Hennelly (1958) is emended.

The spores are placed in organ and form genera and species according to the International Code of Palaeobotanical Nomenclature. The organ and form genera are then placed in a morphographic system because most of them cannot still be assigned to the morphological system of plant families.
The miospore genera in the coals of Raniganj stage (Upper Permian), India
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C.
Published: September 2022

43 miospore genera have been referred to in this treatise, out of which 15 genera are new to science. These have been diagnosed, described and compared with morphographically comparable other spore genera. The following genera are new - Eupunctisporites gen. nov., Micrpbaculispora gen. nov., Microfovealatispora gen. nov., Indospora gen. nov., Gondisporites gen. nov., Densipollenites gen. nov., Striomonosaccites gen. nov., Distriomonosaccites gen. nov., Verticipollenites gen. nov., Lahirites gen. nov., Hindipollenites gen. nov., Faunipollenites gen. nov., Striapollenites gen. nov., Distriatites gen. nov., and Tumoripollenites gen. nov. Besides these Striatites, Lunatisporites, Striatopodocarpites and Sulcatisporites have been emended. Some supra-generic taxa have also been created such as Siriasacciti, and Rectistriati.

From this study some new morphographic features have come to light, e.g. the presence of +- triradiate muri on distal face of a triangular trilete spore; sculptured and zonate saccus-like body in a trilete spore, the occurrence of striated central budies in monosaccate forms: the proximal surface of central bodies in disaccate grains bearing horizontal striations also crossed with vertical, connecting striations in many forms; occurrence of only vertical striations on the proximal side of central body in some saccate grains; occurrence of striations on the proximal as well as distal faces of the central body (1) in the same direction or (2) at right angles to one another in saccate grains. It has also been discovered that the proximal exine of central body in saccate grains may be smooth or microverrucose with indistinct, intrapunetate or intramicroreticulate structure. Bisaceate grains comparable to some modern members of Podocarpaceae are richly represented and non-saccate pollen grain morphographically similar to those of some living species of Ephedra and Welwitschia are also present in the horizon.
On a gymnospermous fossil wood from Sitapuri district Dhar in Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Prakash U. , Srivastava S.K.
Published: September 2022

The present paper is a revision of the fossil wood species Spiroxylon intertrappeum U. Prakash & S. K. Srivastava (1959). which is now being referred to the form genus Prototaxoxylon Krausel et Dolianiti (1958) as Prototaxoxylon (Syn. - Spiroxylon) intertrappeum (U. Prakash & S. K. Srivastava, 1959) n. comb. This fossil wood was collected from a new locality discovered near the village Sitapuri in district Dhar of Madhya Pradesh.
An Upper Triassic Miospore assemblage from the coals of Lunz, Austria
Authors: Bharadwaj D.C. , Singh H.P.
Published: September 2022

A miospore assemblage recovered out of Upper Triassic (Lunzer Schichten) coal from Lunz (Austria) has been described. Lunzisporites gen. nov., and Peroaletes gen. nov., are the new genera described and the generic diagnoses of Lechikisporis Pot., and Aratrisporites Lesch. have been emended. A few genera viz., Dictyophyllidites Coup., Laricoidites Pot., Thoms. & Thierg, Cycadopites Wodehouse and Decussatisporites Lesch., have been critically discussed and their comparative diagnoses elaborated. The assemblage has been compared with all the known, contemporary spore assemblages.
Studies in the Talchir flora of India: 2. Resolution of the spore genus Nuskoisporites Pot. & KL.
Authors: Lele K.M.
Published: September 2022

Spores hitherto assigned to Nuskoisporites Pot. & KI. from the Talchir beds of India have been reinvestigated. Similar material described from the Permian (or Permo-Triassic) sediments of India or other Gondwanaland countries is resurveyed. The study reveals that the Southern (Gondwanaland) spores are organizationally distinct from the Northern Nuskoisporites. They have been, hence, segregated under two new genera, viz. Plicatipollenites and Vikkipollenites. A new Series Apertacorpiti is proposed to receive these genera. The organization of Nuskoisporites is reinterpreted with amendments. The vertical and geographical distribution of the new genera is given with remarks on the question of their probable affinities.
An unusual monosaccate spore from the Karharbari stage, Giridih Coalfield, India
Authors: Lele K.M. , Maithy P.K.
Published: September 2022

A monosaccate spore of unusual organization, occurring commonly in the Karharbari Stage (Lower Permian) of the Giridih Coalfield, is assigned to a new genus Crucisaccites.
Fossil woods of Grewia from the Deccan Intertrappean series, India
Authors: Prakash U. , Dayal R.
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes in detail the anatomy of two fossil dicotyledonous woods, viz., Grewioxylon mahurzariense Prakash aud Dayal (1963a) and Grewioxylon indicum sp. nov. from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mahurzari (21º13’ N; 79º1’ E), district Nagpur, Maharashtra. This is the first authentic record of the genus Grewia Linn. as petrified wood from India and abroad.
A new species of Mesembrioxylon, M. Rajmahalense, from the Rajmahal Hills, Bihar, India
Authors: Jain K.P.
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes Mesembrioxylom rajmahalense sp. nov. from the Hills, Bihar. The species is characterized by its large, 1-2 pinoid, simple "Eiporen" type of cross-field pits, circular opposite radial pits and the absence of resin canal or duct.
Palaeobotanical evidence on the age of the Khatangi beds (?Dubrajpur), in the Rajmahal hills, Bihar
Authors: Sah S.C.D.
Published: September 2022

The present paper describes some plant megafossils from Khatangi Hill, in the Rajmahal Hills. The bed from which these fossils were collected are intratrappean in position to the Rajmahal Volcanic Series and directly overlie the Lower Gondwana formations. Lithologically they cannot be distinguished from the rocks of the Dubrajpur group. The Khatangi plant fossil assemblage is typically similar to that of the Rajmahal Flora and, therefore, undoubtedly of Jurassic age.
In the light of the present finding the stratigraphical position of these beds and the Dubrajpur group as a whole has been discussed.
Jurassic floras of the USSR
Authors: Vakhrameey V.A.
Published: September 2022

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Fossil wood of Tetrameles from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan, Madhya Pradesh
Authors: Lakhanpal R.N. , Verma J.K.
Published: September 2022

A new fossil dicotyledonous wood is described from the Deccan Intertrappean beds of Mohgaonkalan (21° 1’ N; 79° 11’ E), District Chhindwara, Madhya Pradesh. It has been assigned to a new genus of fossil woods, Tetrameleoxylon and named as T. prenudiflora sp. nov., because of its marked similarity in wood structure to the modern Tetrameles nudiflora R. Br. of the Datiscaceae.
Remarques Sur Les Niveaux a Tasmanacees du Paleozoique Saharien
Authors: Combaz A.
Published: September 2022

Among the "Acritarcha" belonging to the family of Sphaeromorphitae Downie, Evitt, Sarjeant, the genera Tasmanites Newton and Leiosphaeridia Eisenack are observed in the whole Saharian Paleozoic. However, their occurrence, which is rather inconspicuous in the bulk of the microplancton of these series, may become prevailing at certain particular levels where they constitute up to the 95 per cent of the microscopic population.

These levels, moreover, show the interesting particularity of being rich in sub-colloidal organic matter, and of having a strong radioactivity (radioactive markers).

The main radioactive levels with Tasmanaceae (SOMMER,1956) have been chiefly observed at the base of the argillaceous Gothlandian and at the base of the Frasnian. They thus mark the beginning of these two transgressions.

The interest of these Tasmanaceae "palynofacies" is therefore real both from the ecologic and paleogeographic points of view. As well from the stratigraphic point of view, as long as these forms are accompanied by good   ronostratigraphic markers, as these Tasmanaceae are so little evolving that may be found unchanged from Cambrian to Mesozoic and perhaps up to the Recent.

However, a more thorough observation shows a morphologic evolution which leads in a minority of individuals to diversely ornamented forms or even to conspicuously modified structural states.

Concerning the systematic position of these microfossils Wall supplies some demonstration which however is not universally accepted. We think nevertheless that an algal nature for these microplancton is an appealing hypothesis.
Mesozoic operculate pollen and their morphology
Authors: Venkatachala B.S.
Published: September 2022

Operculate pollen referable to the subturma Operculati Venkatachala and Goczan, are common in the Mesozoic sediments. The genera included under this group are Classopollis (Pflug) Pocock and Jansonius, 1961; Gliscopollis gen. nov. [=Corollina MALJAWKINA, 1949 and Circulina (Maljawkina) KLAUS, 1960] and Granuloperculatipollis Venkatachala and Goczan, 1963. All the three genera are monoporate often with a distinct distal operculum and possessing a faintly discernible to distinct proximal trilete mark.

Two main trends of specialization could be visualized in the group: (i) disappearance of the trilete mark and (ii) prominence and delimitation of the ring tenuitas bordering the operculum.

Pollen belonging to this group are known to occur among the conifers referable to Cheirolepidaceae.
Interglacial vegetational succession and lake development in Denmark
Authors: Andersen Svend Th.
Published: September 2022

Deposits from three interglacial stages are now known in Denmark. The Eemian Interglacial is the youngest one and is known from marine as well as numerous fresh-water deposits. The Holsteinian Interglacial has been studied only in a marine deposit, whilst a still older interglacial is known from the fresh-water deposits of Harreskov, Olgod and Starup. 

The author has studied the forest succession of the Eemian in the lake deposits at Herning and Hollerup. 7 interglacial pollen zones are recognized. Light requiring plants were frequent in the early and the late stages of the succession, and acidophilous plants increase their frequencies in its later part. The lakes reflect a parallel development from basic to acid conditions, or from calcareous to non-calcareous deposition.

The interglacial vegetational succession represented in the deposits at Harreskov and 0lgod is divided into 6 pollen zones. It differs essentially from the Eemian succession. Nevertheless, the general features of the successions are very similar, and the lake development is parallel too.

The interglacial vegetational successions thus fall into a protocratic, a mesocratic and an oligocratic stage, the last stage being conditioned by soil evolution rather than by climatic change.