bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A global analysis of coral bleaching patterns in association with mangrove environments under global warming
Authors: Johnson Jack V. , Dick Jaimie T. A. , Pincheira‐Donoso Daniel
Published: March 2023

Marine heatwaves caused by global warming are progressively degrading coral reefs worldwide via the process of coral bleaching – the expulsion of photosynthetic endosymbionts. However, coral bleaching is not spatially homogeneous, but varies across environmental gradients in association with local conditions and taxonomic composition. Emerging evidence suggests that mangrove habitats are recurrent ‘'microenvironments' for reef corals, providing key biogeochemical services believed to influence their resilience, and housing co‐tolerant coral taxa. This close association between coral reefs and mangroves has led to the hypothesis that the extent of coral bleaching is reduced by the proximity of reef building corals to mangroves. Here, we present the first global‐scale test addressing this hypothesis. Using Bayesian generalised linear mixed effect modelling, we show that coral bleaching tends to increase under higher thermal stress when corals are further away from mangroves. When comparing conditional effects, corals furthest away from mangroves also show the highest levels of bleaching, suggesting a phenomenon of reduced bleaching for corals residing closer to mangroves under thermal stress. The drivers of this pattern may be numerous, but most likely include the presence of co‐tolerant coral species which are known to be associated with mangroves. Future research should focus on disentangling the mechanisms underlying these coral bleaching patterns in association with mangroves, specifically focusing on in‐situ environmental and taxonomic data collection. These endeavours will most likely require high‐resolution analyses of coral reefs at more local‐scales. Ultimately, our findings add to the ever‐growing importance of mangroves for near‐shore coral reef environments, and suggest a potentially important benefit for coral reefs associated with mangroves in the Anthropocene.
Environmental sustainability and management theory development: Post‐paradigm insights from the Anthropocene
Authors: Callaghan Christian William , Mitchell Andrew
Published: March 2023

Given a looming crisis of environmental degradation, this conceptual review revisits certain long‐standing assumptions informing the development of management theory. Specifically, we problematise seminal notions of paradigm differentiation at the heart of Burrell and Morgan's theory of paradigms by arguing that assumptions of paradigm incommensurability amount to abdication of a responsibility to consider cross‐cutting existential imperatives. In developing the concept of epistemological panarchy, we build on some ideas of stakeholder theory to suggest a research agenda concerned with developing an improved meta‐epistemology aligned with concerns of environmental sustainability.
Socioeconomic development shows positive links to the conservation efficiency of China's protected area network
Authors: Zhao Jinqi , Xiao Yi , Zhang Yanliang , Shao Yuting , Ma Tianxiao , Kou Xiaojun , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sang Weiguo , Axmacher Jan Christoph
Published: March 2023

While the protected area (PA) covers >15% of the planet's terrestrial land area and continues to expand, factors determining its effectiveness in conserving endangered species are being debated. We investigated the links between direct anthropogenic pressures, socioeconomic settings, and the coverage of vertebrate taxa by China's PA network, and indicated that high socioeconomic status and low levels of human pressure correlate with high species coverage, with threatened mammals more effectively conserved than reptiles or amphibians. Positive links between conservation outcomes and socioeconomic progress appear linked to local livelihood improvements triggering positive perceptions of local PAs—aided further by ecological compensation and tourism schemes introduced in wealthy areas and reinforced by continued positive conservation outcomes. Socioeconomic development of China's less developed regions might assist regional PA efficiency and achievement of the Kunming‐Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework, while also addressing potential shortcomings from an insufficient past focus on socioeconomic impacts for biodiversity conservation.
Addressing the problem of scale that emerges with habitat fragmentation
Authors: Fletcher Robert J. , Betts Matthew G. , Damschen Ellen I. , Hefley Trevor J. , Hightower Jessica , Smith Thomas A. H. , Fortin Marie‐Josée , Haddad Nick M.
Published: March 2023

Fragmentation and scale

Although habitat loss has well‐known impacts on biodiversity, the effects of habitat fragmentation remain intensely debated. It is often argued that the effects of habitat fragmentation, or the breaking apart of habitat for a given habitat amount, can be understood only at the scale of entire landscapes composed of multiple habitat patches. Yet, fragmentation also impacts the size, isolation and habitat edge for individual patches within landscapes. Addressing the problem of scale on fragmentation effects is crucial for resolving how fragmentation impacts biodiversity.

Scaling framework

We build upon scaling concepts in ecology to describe a framework that emphasizes three “dimensions” of scale in habitat fragmentation research: the scales of phenomena (or mechanisms), sampling and analysis. Using this framework, we identify ongoing challenges and provide guidance for advancing the science of fragmentation.

Implications

We show that patch‐ and landscape‐scale patterns arising from habitat fragmentation for a given amount of habitat are fundamentally related, leading to interdependencies among expected patterns arising from different scales of phenomena. Aggregation of information when increasing the grain of sampling (e.g., from patch to landscape) creates challenges owing to biases created from the modifiable areal unit problem. Consequently, we recommend that sampling strategies use the finest grain that captures potential underlying mechanisms (e.g., plot or patch). Study designs that can capture phenomena operating at multiple spatial extents offer the most promise for understanding the effects of fragmentation and its underlying mechanisms. By embracing the interrelationships among scales, we expect more rapid advances in our understanding of habitat fragmentation.
Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards seasonal influenza vaccination among pregnant women and healthcare workers: A cross‐sectional survey in Afghanistan
Authors: Shahid Shahira , Kalhoro Shafi , Khwaja Hajra , Hussainyar Mohammad Asif , Mehmood Junaid , Qazi Muhammad Farrukh , Abubakar Abdinasir , Mohamed Shaza , Khan Wasiq , Jehan Fyezah , Nisar Muhammad Imran
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite recommendation by the World Health Organization (WHO), influenza vaccination coverage among high‐risk groups remains suboptimal in Afghanistan. This study aims to document the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of seasonal influenza vaccine uptake among two priority groups, pregnant women (PWs) and healthcare workers (HCWs).

Methods

This cross‐sectional study enrolled PWs and HCWs in Kabul, Afghanistan, from September to December 2021. Data on vaccine intention and uptake, knowledge, and attitudes towards vaccination were collected. Simple linear regression was used to predict the impact of sociodemographic characteristics on the KAP score.

Results

A total of 420 PWs were enrolled in Afghanistan. The majority (89%) of these women had never heard of the influenza vaccine but 76% intended to receive the vaccine. Of the 220 HCWs enrolled, 88% were unvaccinated. Accessibility and cost were factors which encouraged vaccination among HCWs. Fear of side effects and affordability were identified as key barriers. HCWs reported high level of vaccine intention (93%). PWs aged under 18 years (β: 6.5, P = 0.004), between 18 and 24 years (β: 2.9, P = 0.014), currently employed (β: 5.8, P = 0.004), and vaccinated against COVID‐19 (β: 2.8, P = 0.01) were likely to have a higher attitude score. Among HCWs, being female was a predictor for poor vaccination practice (β: −1.33, P < 0.001) whereas being vaccinated against COVID‐19 was a predictor for higher practice score (β: 2.4, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

To increase influenza vaccination coverage among priority groups, efforts should be made to address issues such as lack of knowledge, limited availability, and cost barriers.
Synthesis of passively prelithiated SiOx nanoparticles for Li‐ion battery anode
Authors: Kim Nakwon , Lee Wooyoung , Kim Joonsoo , Kim Daeil , Jang Boyun
Published: March 2023

A new concept of passive prelithiation to SiOx nanoparticles is introduced and evaluated by investigating their nanostructures and electrochemical properties. Specifically, Li is incorporated into SiOx nanoparticles during the nanoparticle synthesis. We obtain Si‐Li‐O‐based nanoparticles, which we call SILIO; these are much larger than SiOx particles and have totally different nanostructures. Due to nanostructures with various phase distributions, SILIO nanoparticles show enhanced electrochemical properties. The initial reversible capacity (IRC) and initial columbic efficiency (ICE) of SILIO nanoparticles are 946 to 1107 mAh/g and 72% to 77%, respectively, while SiOx exhibits 1,064 mAh/g of IRC only with 41.5% of ICE. In addition, the stability of SILIO in the air is evaluated to guarantee no unstable phases such as Li2Ox (x = 0–2) are present in SILIO. Through our findings, we suggest a new nanostructure model composed of crystalline Si, amorphous SiOx, and lithium silicate.
Potential impact of ADAM‐10 genetic variants with the clinical features of oral squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Chen Yi‐Tzu , Lin Chiao‐Wen , Chou Ying‐Erh , Su Shih‐Chi , Chang Lun‐Ching , Lee Chia‐Yi , Hsieh Ming‐Ju , Yang Shun‐Fa
Published: March 2023

A disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain‐containing protein 10 (ADAM‐10) involves in the tumour progression, but the impacts of single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ADAM‐10 on oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of SNP of ADAM‐10 on the clinical features of OSCC in male Taiwanese. Five loci of ADAM‐10 SNPs including rs653765 (C/T), rs2305421 (A/G), rs514049 (A/C), rs383902 (T/C) and rs2054096 (A/T) were genotyped by TaqMan allelic discrimination in 1138 OSCC patients and 1199 non‐OSCC individuals. The ADAM‐10 SNP rs2305421 GG (AOR: 1.399, 95% CI: 1.045–1.874, p = 0.024) and G allele (AOR: 1.170, 95% CI: 1.012–1.351, p = 0.034) illustrated a significantly higher genotypic frequencies in the OSCC group compared to the distribution of the ADAM‐10 SNP rs2305421 AA wild type. In the subgroup analysis, the ADAM‐10 SNP rs383902 TC+CC was significantly correlated to tumour size larger than T2 in betel quid chewer (AOR: 1.375, 95% CI: 1.010–1.872, p = 0.043), while the ADAM‐10 SNP rs653765 CT+TT was significantly associated with tumour size larger than T2 in cigarette smoker (AOR: 1.346, 95% CI: 1.023–1.772, p = 0.034). The results from The Cancer Genome Atlas revealed highest ADAM‐10 mRNA level in T2 stage of current smokers with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). In conclusions, the ADAM‐10 SNP rs2305421 G allele is associated with the presence of OSCC, and the ADAM‐10 SNP rs383902 TC+CC and ADAM‐10 SNP rs653765 CT+TT correlates to large tumour size in specific conditions.
Breastfeeding duration is associated with larger cortical gray matter volumes in children from the ABCD study
Authors: Núñez Christian , García‐Alix Alfredo , Arca Gemma , Agut Thais , Carreras Nuria , Portella Maria J. , Stephan‐Otto Christian
Published: March 2023

Background

Despite the numerous studies in favor of breastfeeding for its benefits in cognition and mental health, the long‐term effects of breastfeeding on brain structure are still largely unknown. Our main objective was to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also explored the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior.

Methods

We analyzed 7,860 magnetic resonance images of children 9–11 years of age from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) dataset in order to study the relationship between breastfeeding duration and cerebral gray matter volumes. We also obtained several behavioral data (cognition, behavioral problems, prodromal psychotic experiences, prosociality, impulsivity) to explore the potential mediatory role of brain volumes on behavior.

Results

In the 7,860 children analyzed (median age = 9 years and 11 months; 49.9% female), whole‐brain voxel‐based morphometry analyses revealed an association mainly between breastfeeding duration and larger bilateral volumes of the pars orbitalis and the lateral orbitofrontal cortex. In particular, the association with the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex proved to be very robust to the addition of potentially confounding covariates, random selection of siblings, and splitting the sample in two. The volume of the left pars orbitalis and the left lateral orbitofrontal cortex appeared to mediate the relationship between breastfeeding duration and the negative urgency dimension of the UPPS‐P Impulsive Behavior Scale. Global gray matter volumes were also significant mediators for behavioral problems as measured with the Child Behavior Checklist.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that breastfeeding is a relevant factor in the proper development of the brain, particularly for the pars orbitalis and lateral orbitofrontal cortex regions. This, in turn, may impact impulsive personality and mental health in early puberty.
Sex‐specific paternal age effects on offspring quality in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Aguilar Prem , Dag Berfin , Carazo Pau , Sultanova Zahida
Published: March 2023

Advanced paternal age has been repeatedly shown to modulate offspring quality via male‐ and/or female‐driven processes, and there are theoretical reasons to expect that some of these effects can be sex‐specific. For example, sex allocation theory predicts that, when mated with low‐condition males, mothers should invest more in their daughters compared to their sons. This is because male fitness is generally more condition‐dependent and more variable than female fitness, which makes it less risky to invest in female offspring. Here, we explore whether paternal age can affect the quality and quantity of offspring in a sex‐specific way using Drosophila melanogaster as a model organism. In order to understand the contribution of male‐driven processes on paternal age effects, we also measured the seminal vesicle size of young and older males and explored its relationship with reproductive success and offspring quality. Older males had lower competitive reproductive success, as expected, but there was no difference between the offspring sex ratio of young and older males. However, we found that paternal age caused an increase in offspring quality (i.e., offspring weight), and that this increase was more marked in daughters than sons. We discuss different male‐ and female‐driven processes that may explain such sex‐specific paternal age effects.
Consequences of adaptation to larval crowding on sexual and fecundity selection in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Narasimhan Aaditya ,   Jigisha, Kapila Rohit , Meena Abhishek ,   Santhosh, Prasad Nagaraj Guru
Published: March 2023

Sexual selection is a major force influencing the evolution of sexually reproducing species. Environmental factors such as larval density can manipulate adult condition and influence the direction and strength of sexual selection. While most studies on the influence of larval crowding on sexual selection are either correlational or single‐generation manipulations, it is unclear how evolution under chronic larval crowding affects sexual selection. To answer this, we measured the strength of sexual selection on male and female Drosophila melanogaster that had evolved under chronic larval crowding for over 250 generations in the laboratory, along with their controls which had never experienced crowding, in a common garden high‐density environment. We measured selection coefficients on male mating success and sex‐specific reproductive success, as separate estimates allowed dissection of sex‐specific effects. We show that experimental evolution under chronic larval crowding decreases the strength of sexual and fecundity selection in males but not in females, relative to populations experiencing crowding for the first time. The effect of larval crowding in reducing reproductive success is almost twice in females than in males. Our study highlights the importance of studying how evolution in a novel, stressful environment can shape adult fitness in organisms.
Maxillary midline diastema closure with sectional feldspathic porcelain veneers: A case series followed 1 to 4 years
Authors: Chen Cui‐Ting , Yang Bin , Yin Ya‐Xiong , Wang Xiao‐Dong , Zhao Ke
Published: March 2023

Objective

To evaluate clinical outcome of maxillary midline diastema closure using sectional feldspathic porcelain veneers up to 4 years.

Materials and Methods

Five female patients with stable maxillary midline diastema were included in the current study and restored with minimal invasive sectional feldspathic porcelain veneers under dental microscope. Esthetic, functional, as well as biologic properties of sectional veneers were evaluated according to the World Dental Federation (FDI) criteria after 1 to 4 years' follow‐up.

Results

Based on FDI criteria, all five cases were evaluated as clinically excellent to satisfactory during a mean observation period of 26.4 months. Slight to moderate cervical marginal staining was observed in two cases after 3 to 4 years' follow‐up. Slight white line or ditching of labial surface margin was found in most cases, but it is not easy to be noticed with saliva covering the margins.

Conclusions

Sectional feldspathic porcelain veneers presented satisfying clinical outcome with potential long‐term esthetic risk for maxillary midline diastema closure.

Clinical Significance

1. Sectional feldspathic porcelain veneers presented satisfying short to medium term clinical performance when applied to close maxillary midline diastema.

2. The exposure of labial surface margin may increase a long‐term potential esthetic risk.
Impact of cross‐sectional orientation in one‐dimensional hydrodynamic modeling on flood inundation mapping
Authors: Jesna Ismail , Bhallamudi S. M. , Sudheer K. P.
Published: March 2023

Flood management activities require development of flood maps that depict the spatial and temporal extent of floods with the help of hydrodynamic models. Two‐dimensional (2‐D) hydrodynamic models are frequently employed for flood inundation modeling and mapping with the help of high‐end computational resources and high‐resolution terrain information such as LiDAR (light detection and ranging) data. However, LiDAR data are either unavailable or not freely accessible in many parts of the world, especially in nations belonging to Global South. Hence, one‐dimensional (1‐D) models are still in practice owing to their lesser computational cost and data requirement. Nonetheless, the successful application of a 1‐D model depends mainly on the representation of the natural river and floodplain geometry, which is the primary input in the form of discrete cross‐sections. The assumed flow directions on floodplains while orienting the cross‐sections in 1‐D models induce some uncertainty in the model simulations. This study aims to evaluate the variability in the model simulations caused by the cross‐sectional orientations. Flood simulations were performed using a 1‐D hydrodynamic model for six different cross‐sectional realizations for three river reaches, having distinct morphological and topographical characteristics, and were compared with the simulations of a 2‐D hydrodynamic model and available reference inundation maps. The study suggests that the simulations of flood inundation extent and maximum flow depth variation are influenced by the cross‐sectional orientation on flood plains in river reaches characterized by broad flood plains with complex local topographical variations. In contrast, for reaches with relatively less wide and complex terrains, 1‐D models can generate robust simulations of flood inundation extent and spatial variation in maximum flood depth (R2 and NSE greater than 0.89) for high flood events.
Healthcare professionals' perspectives on dietary advice provided to people with an ileostomy
Authors: Mitchell Alexandra , Herbert Georgia , England Clare , Atkinson Charlotte , Searle Aidan
Published: March 2023

Background

Diet is a common concern among people with an ileostomy as it can be associated with serious and burdensome complications, for example, dehydration and obstruction, and dietary advice is often unsatisfactory. In this study, we explored healthcare professionals' (HCPs) perspectives on dietary advice for ileostomy management.

Methods

Semi‐structured interviews were conducted with HCPs, from multiple professions, who provide dietary advice to patients with an ileostomy. A framework approach to thematic analysis was used to understand and compare HCPs' experiences, beliefs and attitudes that influence how dietary advice is provided and the effectiveness of dietary management.

Results

Findings from interviews with 21 HCPs, across 3 hospitals, related to 7 key themes: tailoring of dietary advice to the patient, patient autonomy and communication, HCP knowledge and understanding, patient pathway, mixed messages, access to formal and social support and patient understanding and relationship with dietary advice. Profession was a strong determinator of what and how dietary advice is provided; however, closer team working increased consistency in dietary advice. Lack of scientific research and consensus contributes to mixed messages and reduced confidence in dietary advice for people with an ileostomy. Due to individual differences between patients, experiential learning with diet is key to self‐management and is encouraged in a controlled way by HCPs; however, a lack of ‘one‐size‐fits‐all’ guidance can be difficult for some.

Conclusion

The study findings should inform HCPs caring for patients with an ileostomy, and researchers designing and evaluating interventions, to improve how patients receive dietary advice for ileostomy management.
The transcriptional regulator JAZ8 interacts with the C2 protein from geminiviruses and limits the geminiviral infection in Arabidopsis
Authors: Rosas‐Diaz Tabata , Cana‐Quijada Pepe , Wu Mengshi , Hui Du , Fernandez‐Barbero Gemma , Macho Alberto P. , Solano Roberto , Castillo Araceli G. , Wang Xiao‐Wei , Lozano‐Duran Rosa , Bejarano Eduardo R.
Published: March 2023

Jasmonates (JAs) are phytohormones that finely regulate critical biological processes, including plant development and defense. JASMONATE ZIM‐DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are crucial transcriptional regulators that keep JA‐responsive genes in a repressed state. In the presence of JA‐Ile, JAZ repressors are ubiquitinated and targeted for degradation by the ubiquitin/proteasome system, allowing the activation of downstream transcription factors and, consequently, the induction of JA‐responsive genes. A growing body of evidence has shown that JA signaling is crucial in defending against plant viruses and their insect vectors. Here, we describe the interaction of C2 proteins from two tomato‐infecting geminiviruses from the genus Begomovirus, tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and tomato yellow curl Sardinia virus (TYLCSaV), with the transcriptional repressor JAZ8 from Arabidopsis thaliana and its closest orthologue in tomato, SlJAZ9. Both JAZ and C2 proteins colocalize in the nucleus, forming discrete nuclear speckles. Overexpression of JAZ8 did not lead to altered responses to TYLCV infection in Arabidopsis; however, knock‐down of JAZ8 favors geminiviral infection. Low levels of JAZ8 likely affect the viral infection specifically, since JAZ8‐silenced plants neither display obvious developmental phenotypes nor present differences in their interaction with the viral insect vector. In summary, our results show that the geminivirus‐encoded C2 interacts with JAZ8 in the nucleus, and suggest that this plant protein exerts an anti‐geminiviral effect.
Traditional Chinese medicine–based integrated health interventions for depression: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Ruan Jiayin , Chen Shucheng , Liang Jiagui , Ho Fiona Yan Yee , Cheung Teris , Ho Janice Yuen Shan , Chan Wai Chi , Chen Haiyong , Au Dennis Cheuk Wing , Lee Rebecca Wing Yan , Mak Yim Wah , Yeung Wing Fai
Published: March 2023

Background

Some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM)–based integrated health interventions have been used for depression, but pooled efficacy remains unknown.

Aims and Objectives

This study aimed to systematically evaluate the efficacy of TCM‐based integrated health interventions for relieving depression.

Design

Systematic review and meta‐analysis.

Methods

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on 17 databases from inception up to June 2022. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined an integrated health intervention based on TCM theory for depression were included. The risk of bias was assessed using the second version of the Cochrane risk‐of‐bias tool for randomised trials, and the quality of evidence was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation system.

Results

Eighteen RCTs with a total of 1448 depressed participants were included. Health care providers, mainly nurses (14 studies), implemented TCM‐based integrated health interventions. The pooled results showed that TCM‐based integrated health interventions had larger effects on reducing depressive symptoms (15 studies; standardised mean difference = −2.05; 95% CI: −2.74, −1.37; p < .00001) compared with usual care at posttreatment but showed no significant difference contrasted to cognitive behavioural therapy (two studies, p = .31). However, the overall evidence was low.

Conclusions

The meta‐analysis results indicated that TCM‐based integrated health interventions were effective in reducing depression. However, the results should be interpreted with caution because of the low quality of the included studies. Future RCTs with rigorous designs should be conducted to provide robust evidence of the efficacy of TCM‐based integrated health interventions in treating depression.

Relevance to clinical practice

TCM‐based integrated health interventions might be a potentially effective alternative for depression. Nurses could play an important role in designing and providing TCM‐based integrated nursing interventions for patients with depression.

No patient or public contribution

This is a systematic review and meta‐analysis based on data from previous studies.
The Impact of Trustworthiness on the Association of Corporate Social Responsibility and Irresponsibility on Legitimacy
Authors: Hadani Michael
Published: March 2023

Research on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and corporate social irresponsibility (CSIR) has long argued both affect firms' legitimacy, for good or bad. Such research has ignored how ex‐ante corporate trustworthiness and associated attributions affect the association of CSR and CSIR on corporate normative legitimacy. Focusing on two unique aspects of corporate normative legitimacy evaluations – affect and misconduct – we argue that ex‐ante perceptions of firm trustworthiness moderate the associations among CSR and CSIR and different aspects of normative legitimacy. Utilizing comprehensive panel‐data analytical approaches for S&P 500 firms from 2000 to 2015, MSCI‐KLD data, mass‐media‐based measures of firm trustworthiness, including normative affect‐based legitimacy, and normative misconduct‐related‐legitimacy, our proposition is mostly supported, with surprising caveats. A post‐hoc analysis shows these associations vary based on public versus investors' affective‐legitimacy views. The findings of this study critically challenge extant scholarship and call for a nuanced view of the impact of CSR and CSIR on firm legitimacy.
Attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care among psychiatric nurses in Hong Kong: A cross‐sectional descriptive study
Authors: Wong Wai Kit , Ho Ying Wai Bryan , To Kam Lung , Bressington Daniel Thomas
Published: March 2023

Accessible Summary

What is known on the subject?

Family‐involved interventions can result in better outcomes than traditional mental health care for both service users and their families.

Nurses' attitudes towards family involvement can affect family participation in care.

Earlier studies on psychiatric nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in care report ambiguous findings. Hong Kong's unique integrated cultures may influence Hong Kong psychiatric nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care.

What the paper adds to existing knowledge?

The majority of psychiatric nurses had positive views on family involvement in care in Hong Kong.

Four variables (i.e. gender, clinical experience, nature of working unit and family nursing training) of psychiatric nurses are associated with their attitudes towards family involvement in care in Hong Kong.

What are the implications for practice?

Policy makers should develop strategies to increase psychiatric nurses' awareness of the importance of family involvement in patient care.

Nurse educators help to design family nursing training to enhance psychiatric nurses' competence in collaborating with families of people suffering from mental disorders.

Introduction

In Hong Kong, involving the family in nursing care is still optional and mainly depends on nurses' attitudes and the willingness of the family. Hong Kong psychiatric nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in nursing care may be influenced by the unique integrated Eastern and Western cultures, however earlier studies report ambiguous findings.

Aims

This study aimed to assess Hong Kong psychiatric registered nurses' attitudes towards family involvement in care and its associated factors.

Methods

This study is a cross‐sectional descriptive online survey with convenience sampling based on the Families' Importance in Nursing Care‐Nurses' Attitudes (FINC‐NA) instrument.

Results

Most of the psychiatric nurses had supportive attitudes towards family involvement in care. Females with more clinical experience, working in a rehabilitation‐related unit and having attended a family nursing education course were associated with positive attitudes towards family involvement in care.

Discussion

The supportive attitude of psychiatric nurses may be explained by the shift of mental health nursing care from hospital care to community care in recent decades.

Implications for practice

Mental health nurse education and training in Hong Kong could place more emphasis on building family work skills, particularly for newly qualified nurses and those working in acute inpatient settings.
Digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia in individuals with self‐reported insomnia and chronic fatigue: A secondary analysis of a large scale randomized controlled trial
Authors: Ramfjord Lina Stålesen , Faaland Patrick , Scott Jan , Saksvik Simen Berg , Lydersen Stian , Vedaa Øystein , Kahn Nikolaj , Langsrud Knut , Stiles Tore C. , Ritterband Lee M. , Harvey Allison G. , Sivertsen Børge , Kallestad Håvard
Published: March 2023

Insomnia is associated with fatigue, but it is unclear whether response to cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia is altered in individuals with co‐occurring symptoms of insomnia and chronic fatigue. This is a secondary analysis using data from 1717 participants with self‐reported insomnia in a community‐based randomized controlled trial of digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia compared with patient education. We employed baseline ratings of the Chalder Fatigue Questionnaire to identify participants with more or fewer symptoms of self‐reported chronic fatigue (chronic fatigue, n = 592; no chronic fatigue, n = 1125). We used linear mixed models with Insomnia Severity Index, Short Form‐12 mental health, Short Form‐12 physical health, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale separately as outcome variables. The main covariates were main effects and interactions for time (baseline versus 9‐week follow‐up), intervention, and chronic fatigue. Participants with chronic fatigue reported significantly greater improvements following digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia compared with patient education on the Insomnia Severity Index (Cohen's d = 1.36, p < 0.001), Short Form‐12 mental health (Cohen's d = 0.19, p = 0.029), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (Cohen's d = 0.18, p = 0.010). There were no significant differences in the effectiveness of digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia between chronic fatigue and no chronic fatigue participants on any outcome. We conclude that in a large community‐based sample of adults with insomnia, co‐occurring chronic fatigue did not moderate the effectiveness of digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia on any of the tested outcomes. This may further establish digital cognitive behaviour therapy for insomnia as an adjunctive intervention in individuals with physical and mental disorders.
Pharmacokinetics of tilmicosin in chicken joints based on a novel microdialysis sampling method
Authors: Zhang Nan , Yan Xiu , Liu Jinxin , Zhou Shuzhen , Zhou Minghu , Song Shuti , Yao Zhaofeng , Jia Yixin , Yuan Sheng
Published: March 2023

Microdialysis is a continuous direct sampling technique used in live animals to study pharmacokinetic (PK) characteristics of drugs directly in target organs. The antibiotic tilmicosin used to treat arthritis in chickens caused by Mycoplasma synoviae. However, the PK study of tilmicosin in chicken joint has not been reported. The aim of this study was to explore the PK characteristics and penetration of tilmicosin by microdialysis incorporated with High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). An articular cavity microdialysis sampling model was established by determining in vivo and in vitro recovery results. Tilmicosin was orally administered to chickens and flow rate testing combined with retro‐dialysis were used to determine tilmicosin concentration in the target synovial space. HPLC‐MS/MS quantification of tilmicosin from plasma and joint dialysate indicated that recovery was negatively correlated with flow rate and the optimal perfusion rate was determined to be 1.0 μL/min. The AUC, Cmax, MRT and t1/2 in plasma were 4.6, 3.0, 2.2 and 1.6 times higher than in the joint dialysate, respectively, but Tmax did not significantly differ. The penetration of tilmicosin from plasma to joint (AUCdialysate/AUCplasma) was 0.24 and indicated tilmicosin concentration in joints was much lower than that of plasma. Microdialysis technology provides a novel technique to study pharmacokinetics directly in target tissues and our study provides a reference for the clinical use of tilmicosin for treatment of M. synoviae infections in articular cavities.
Sea lion and fur seal interactions with fisheries and aquaculture in South American waters: threats and management perspectives
Authors: Sepúlveda Maritza , Szteren Diana , Alfaro‐Shigueto Joanna , Crespo Enrique A. , Durán Luis René , Guerrero Alicia I. , Mangel Jeffrey C. , Oliva Doris , Oliveira Larissa R.
Published: March 2023

The main issue affecting the conservation of most pinniped species has been identified as interactions with fisheries and aquaculture. In South American waters in particular, this problem has not been well evaluated. Consequently, there is an urgent need for research and conservation measures to address the problem, particularly for species of conservation concern.

In this study, we reviewed published and unpublished research and observations from the last 25 years on operational and biological interactions between pinnipeds and fisheries and salmonid aquaculture activities in South American waters, and the conservation and management implications of these interactions in the near future.

Two species of pinnipeds are primarily involved in biological and operational interactions with fisheries and aquaculture in South America: the South American sea lion Otaria flavescens and the South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis. Although phocids are present in South American waters, there is no published research on conflicts between phocids and human activities.

Interactions between fisheries and pinnipeds have been reported by many countries. In South American waters, interactions mostly involve male and subadult male South American sea lions. However, despite the high frequency of interactions, the estimated economic losses to fisheries and aquaculture related to sea lion depredation are generally low.

Incidental capture and mortality of pinnipeds has been reported, especially in artisanal gillnet fisheries and in industrial purse seine and trawl fisheries. Mortality of sea lions in salmonid aquaculture has been reported, but the magnitude of the problem is unknown.

In South America, limited progress has been made to incorporate mitigation measures, such as time‐area closures, acoustic deterrent devices, and modifications to fishing gear, into fisheries and aquaculture. This is likely to be due to our limited understanding of ecosystem complexity, the costs of modifying fishing gear or incorporating acoustic deterrent devices, and the scarcity of fishing controls. We suggest that strategies for effectively reducing conflicts between pinnipeds, fisheries, and aquaculture should involve all stakeholders in participative research to facilitate co‐management.
History matters: Thermal environment before but not during wasp attack determines the efficiency of symbiont‐mediated protection
Authors: Jones Jordan E. , Hurst Gregory D. D.
Published: March 2023

The outcome of natural enemy attack in insects is commonly impacted by the presence of defensive microbial symbionts residing within the host. The thermal environment is a factor known to affect symbiont‐mediated traits in insects. Lower temperatures, for instance, have been shown to reduce Spiroplasma‐mediated protection in Drosophila. Our understanding of protective symbiosis requires a deeper understanding of environment–symbiont–protection links. Here, we dissect the effect of the thermal environment on Spiroplasma‐mediated protection against Leptopilina boulardi in Drosophila melanogaster by examining the effect of temperature before, during and after wasp attack on fly survival and wasp success. We observed that the developmental temperature of the mothers of attacked larvae, but not the temperature of the attacked larvae themselves during or after wasp attack, strongly determines the protective influence of Spiroplasma. Cooler maternal environments were associated with weaker Spiroplasma protection of their progeny. The effect of developmental temperature on Spiroplasma‐mediated protection is probably mediated by a reduction in Spiroplasma titre. These results indicate that historical thermal environment is a stronger determinant of protection than current environment. Furthermore, protection is a character with transgenerational nongenetic variation probably to produce complex short‐term responses to selection. In addition, the cool sensitivity of the Spiroplasma–Drosophila symbioses contrasts with the more common failure of symbioses at elevated temperatures, indicating a need to understand the mechanistic basis of low temperature sensitivity on this symbiosis.
PEACOCKE PRIZE ESSAY—TOWARDS AN EASTERN ORTHODOX CONTEMPLATION OF EVOLUTION: MAXIMUS THE CONFESSOR'S VISION OF THE PHYLOGENETIC LOGOI
Authors: Jackson Andrew
Published: March 2023

In recent years, several scholars have hinted at a resemblance between Maximus the Confessor'slogoicosmology and evolutionary biology. In this article, I develop these suggestions further and claim that thelogoi(divine ideas or wills) do indeed behave in an evolutionary fashion, diverging hierarchically and interactively from theLogos. However, there the similarity ends, for thelogoiare also purposeful, inviolable, and good, unlike evolution which is said to be random, ever‐changing, and cruel. But rather than abandon thelogoi–evolution congruity, I argue that, by harnessing theological resources from across the Eastern tradition, one can integrate Maximus’logoivision more fully, resulting in an “incarnationally panentheistic” model of God's action and presence in evolution. More speculatively, within canonical Darwinism, the underlying (good) evolutionary motion of thelogoimight be discernible in variation and adaptation, with the “evil” of competition and natural selection being “garments of skin” conceded by God as part of a simultaneous creation and cosmic fall.
Decoding firings of a large population of human motor units from high‐density surface electromyogram in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation
Authors: Škarabot Jakob , Ammann Claudia , Balshaw Thomas G. , Divjak Matjaž , Urh Filip , Murks Nina , Foffani Guglielmo , Holobar Aleš
Published: March 2023

We describe a novel application of methodology for high‐density surface electromyography (HDsEMG) decomposition to identify motor unit (MU) firings in response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The method is based on the MU filter estimation from HDsEMG decomposition with convolution kernel compensation during voluntary isometric contractions and its application to contractions elicited by TMS. First, we simulated synthetic HDsEMG signals during voluntary contractions followed by simulated motor evoked potentials (MEPs) recruiting an increasing proportion of the motor pool. The estimation of MU filters from voluntary contractions and their application to elicited contractions resulted in high (>90%) precision and sensitivity of MU firings during MEPs. Subsequently, we conducted three experiments in humans. From HDsEMG recordings in first dorsal interosseous and tibialis anterior muscles, we demonstrated an increase in the number of identified MUs during MEPs evoked with increasing stimulation intensity, low variability in the MU firing latency and a proportion of MEP energy accounted for by decomposition similar to voluntary contractions. A negative relationship between the MU recruitment threshold and the number of identified MU firings was exhibited during the MEP recruitment curve, suggesting orderly MU recruitment. During isometric dorsiflexion we also showed a negative association between voluntary MU firing rate and the number of firings of the identified MUs during MEPs, suggesting a decrease in the probability of MU firing during MEPs with increased background MU firing rate. We demonstrate accurate identification of a large population of MU firings in a broad recruitment range in response to TMS via non‐invasive HDsEMG recordings.

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Key points

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the scalp produces multiple descending volleys, exciting motor pools in a diffuse manner.

The characteristics of a motor pool response to TMS have been previously investigated with intramuscular electromyography (EMG), but this is limited in its capacity to detect many motor units (MUs) that constitute a motor evoked potential (MEP) in response to TMS.

By simulating synthetic signals with known MU firing patterns, and recording high‐density EMG signals from two human muscles, we show the feasibility of identifying firings of many MUs that comprise a MEP.

We demonstrate the identification of firings of a large population of MUs in the broad recruitment range, up to maximal MEP amplitude, with fewer required stimuli compared to intramuscular EMG recordings.

The methodology demonstrates an emerging possibility to study responses to TMS on a level of individual MUs in a non‐invasive manner.
Role of SiCl4 addition in CH3F/O2 based chemistry for Si3N4 etching selectively to SiO2, SiCO, and Si
Authors: Boulard François , Bacquié Valentin , Tavernier Aurélien , Possémé Nicolas
Published: March 2023

Dry etching of amorphous silicon nitride (Si3N4) selectively toward silicon dioxide (SiO2), silicon oxicarbide (SiCO), and crystalline silicon (c-Si) in an inductive coupled plasma reactor using CHF3/O2/He chemistry with SiCl4 addition is studied. Plasma exposure of c-Si, SiO2, and SiCO leads to an oxifluoride deposition. The deposition rate is the same for all these materials and increases linearly with the amount of SiCl4 added. On the other hand, Si3N4 etching is observed at very small amount of SiCl4 added (2 SCCM), while oxide deposition takes place at higher SiCl4 flow (10 SCCM). Quasi-in situ angle resolved x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigation shows oxifluoride SiOxFy deposition on c-Si and SiCO, while a thin F-rich reactive layer is observed on Si3N4. The oxidation of the Si3N4 surface with O2 plasma prior to CHF3/O2/He with small SiCl4 addition plasma treatment showed that the oxidation state plays a significant role in the etching/deposition equilibrium. In addition, it is found that oxifluoride deposition on Si3N4 is driven by ion energy, with deposition observed at 0 V substrate bias voltage, while etching is observed for values higher than 150 V. All these results show that a competition takes place between silicon oxifluoride deposition and etching, depending on the substrate material, surface oxidation, and ion energy. Based on the additional optical emission spectroscopy data, we proposed insights to explain the different etching and deposition behaviors observed. It is focused on the crucial role of ion energy and the nitrogen presence in Si3N4 leading to the formation of CN and HCN, helping to get a thinner reactive layer and to evacuate etch by-products on Si3N4 while an oxifluoride buildup on the other materials takes place.
Instructor Social Support in the Group Physical Activity Context: Older Participants’ Perspectives
Authors: Morrison Lindsay , McDonough Meghan H. , Zimmer Chantelle , Din Cari , Hewson Jennifer , Toohey Ann , Crocker Peter R.E. , Bennett Erica V.
Published: March 2023

Instructors in organized physical activity classes can be a source of social support through their relationships with participants, influence on participants’ interactions with each other, and design of activities. Grounded in interpretive description, the objective of this study was to examine older adults’ experiences of and their perspectives on group physical activity instructors’ supportive behaviors. Observations of 16 group physical activity classes (N = 295) and focus groups or interviews with N = 38 class participants aged ≥ 55 (n = 29 women) were conducted at four municipal recreation facilities in a Canadian city. Five themes shed light on how instructors provided social support: (a) supporting autonomous engagement, (b) developing caring connections, (c) fostering trust through expert instruction, (d) managing conflict directly and effectively, and (e) creating a climate where people want to go. Instructor training should consider older adults’ social support needs and help instructors embody behaviors that support continued physical activity participation, thereby contributing to healthy aging.