bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Carbon Emission Quantification of the Low Carbon Road Maintenance Technology in China
Authors: Zhou Ke , Wong Yim , Xu Xi Juan , Chiang Cha Ren Ce , Zhang Hui Cong
Published: December 2012

Low carbon road maintenance( hereinafter referred to as LCRM) technology is an important and essential part of the overall low carbon transportation policy in China. The large amount of carbon emission resulting from road maintenance needs to be determined with definitive methods and data to form a basis of measurement of the carbon emission of the road maintenance process. Various road surface maintenance technologies have different environmental impacts and dissimilar levels of carbon emission. When comparing the merits and drawbacks of the various maintenance technologies, not only factors such as the maintenance outcome, road surface quality, serviceable lifespan, costs and the impact on traffic and environment should be evaluated, but also other factors, such as carbon emission of the material used for the maintenance process, carbon emission of the machinery deployed and other amounts released during construction, have to be assessed and measured. This paper will allow for a comprehensive analysis that will help to choose the right road surface maintenance technology that produces the best road surface quality, the optimal economic benefit and the most favourable social and environmental outcome. LCRM protocol should be regulated and promoted by government legislation and through which adoption of the best practices would be encouraged.
Effect of Thermal Conductivity of the Soil Cover on the Air Temperature Dynamics under Natural Conditions and at Anthropogenic Loads
Authors: Kholoden E.E. , Morina O.M. , Lobanov S.A.
Published: December 2012

By the example of the southern Russian Far East territory, it was stated that a sign of the linear trend of the long-term air temperature variations in the warm and cold periods of the year depended essentially on the soil thermal conductivity. It was shown that the mechanism of the soil temperature fields’ formation was controlled by the Fourier heat condition equation. In this case, the modern anthropogenic loads on the soil cover can only slightly enhance or weaken the natural mechanism of forming the temperature fields of soil and air.
Evaluation of the Implementation of Cleaner Production among Enterprises in Qingdao, China
Authors: Xing Lu , Shi Lei , Wang Rui Cong , Sun Xiao Chen , Tian Le
Published: December 2012

As an effective tool for achieving sustainable development, cleaner production is playing an increasingly prominent role in China’s industrial and environmental protection policies. In this paper, the authors evaluate the implementation of cleaner production among 51 enterprises in Qingdao by cleaner production audit report. Results show that, significant economic and environmental benefits are achieved by implementing cleaner production. To promote the development of cleaner production, increasing financial and political support as well as publicity and training are urgent tasks for Qingdao.
Research on the Electrical Model of a Capacitive Soil Moisture Sensor
Authors: Xu Yan , Yi Wei Dong , Jwo Ko Wen
Published: December 2012

The electrical model of a capacitive soil moisture sensor is considered in this paper. In the new model established, the contact resistor and contact capacitance are taken into account. It is pointed out that the electric double layer causes the formation of the contact resistor and contact capacitance. The electrical properties of the electric double layer are the effect of both physical electricity and electrochemistry, so the relationship between the contact capacitance and the soil relative permittivity does not follow the formula of the parallel plate capacitor. Based upon the diffuse electric double layer model, this paper successfully derives the formula of the contact capacitor , whose coefficients are determined by MATLAB simulation based on experimental data, and the soil relative permittivity. Besides, this paper has established the sensor-output-voltage-Vo -soil-moisture-θ curve and compared it to that derived from the model without considering the electric double layer. It is demonstrated that the correlation coefficient between the curve derived from the model this paper established and the experimental data is 0.9997, more accurately describing the relation between the sensor output voltage Vo and soil moisture θ.
Integrated Assessment of Carbon Dioxide Emissions for a Large-Scale Iron and Steel Corporation in China
Authors: Li Ai Jun , Cao Yin Xue
Published: December 2012

This paper constructs an optimization model about carbon dioxide emissions problem for production process of a large-scale iron and steel corporation in China. Then how to realize maximal profits of corporation is studied under the subjective conditions about production, raw material supply and emissions abatement amount. And the optimized production structure in accordance with production benefits and environment benefits are obtained by non linear programming methodology. Finally the carbon dioxide emissions per unit of steel production are compared with the level of whole China and developed countries, and how to utilize the byproducts of coal gas for multipurpose is also discussed.
Effect of Flotation Parameters on Recovery of South Africa Nickel Sulphide Ore
Authors: Afolabi Ayo Samuel , Abdulkareem Ambali Saka , Muzenda Edison
Published: December 2012

This study investigated the effects of flotation parameters on the recovery of low grade nickel sulphide ore. The parameters investigated are the particle size, flotation time, temperature and pH of the pulp. The analyses of the results obtained showed that particle size, pH, and flotation time had significant effects on the recovery of nickel sulphide ore. The particle size distribution showed that the breakage rate increased in coarse particles and decreased with reduction in particle size. The optimum particle size was found to be 87% passing 75 µm with the highest nickel recovery of 35% at 15 minutes while 68, 79, and 97% passing 75 µm produced nickel recovery of 15, 20 and 16% respectively. The maximum nickel recovery of 35% was achieved at pH of 10.5 which indicated that the nickel sulphide ore has good floatability at alkaline pH range. It was also observed that the recovery of nickel increased with flotation time and the highest recovery was obtained at flotation time of 15 minutes.
Study on the Assessment Method of Print Mottle Using Discrete Wavelet Analysis
Authors: Liu Guo Dong , Zhang Mei Yun , Liang Qiao Ping
Published: December 2012

Aiming at one of most common problems of print quality, print mottle, the evaluation method for print mottle is proposed by means of discrete wavelet analysis, in which the index of print mottle is built on the base of the coefficient of variance of denosing digital image. Then, it was applied on offset paper to check its performance. The analytical results compared with visual perception shows that the assessment method proposed is effective and practical in measuring printing mottle. The correlations with visual evaluation are over 0.76.
Exploration for the Gratings Used for Auto-Stereoscopic Three-Dimensional Printing
Authors: Qin Rui Rui , Xu Wen Cai , Luo Shi Yong , Zhang Xin Lin
Published: December 2012

In this paper, parallax-barrier gratings, lenticular lens gratings and spherical crown gratings which are the three kinds of main gratings for auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional printing are introduced. Besides, the principle for these three kinds of gratings is explored. According to the analysis, when different gratings are used for auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional printing，different effects will be obtained. The principle of parallax-barrier gratings is transmission pinhole imaging formation, and the presswork looks comfortable but transmission of light is worse as used parallax-barrier grating. The correspondence principle of lenticular lens gratings is convex lens imaging due to refraction and reflection. Therefore, the stereoscopic images can be only seen in the orientation perpendicular to the array of lenticular lens. While, as the principle of scatter of spherical crowns, the stereoscopic images can be seen in each azimuth when used spherical crown gratings for auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional printing. In the end, a series of further measures are raised to improve the common grating used for auto-stereoscopic three-dimensional printing.
Realization of Digital Printing Workflow for Domestic Small and Medium-Sized Printing Enterprises
Authors: Qiu Bing Zhong , Liu Xiao Li , Wei Wei , Zhou Hua Nen , Zuo Xu Yan
Published: December 2012

With the rapid development of china's printing industry, the production capacity of printing enterprise has been greatly improved. Considering the situation of their funds for domestic small and medium-sized printing enterprises, equipments and personnel, a small-sized digital workflow is designed. An information communication system which integrates imposition template, crawling and ink still is studied also.
Research and Application on Screen Soft Proofing Technology in Printing Quality Control
Authors: Si Zhan Jun , Wang Jia , Gu Chong
Published: December 2012

In recent years, screen soft proofing has matured with the development of color management and display technology, and it has become the direction of printing development and the key of promotion. This article aimed at raising a testing scheme of display performance and adjusting scheme of corresponding display parameters, on this account to test the professional display’s performance, adjust display parameters and make color management. At the same time with reflecting the actual situation of display, a stable and accurate color reproduction environment was provided for screen soft proofing. After that, evaluations were carried out to evaluate printing quality of screen soft proofing on the condition that display’s performance was good, consequently the differences between proofing effects and final printing were studied. The result shows that this testing scheme of display performance can reflect the truth of display which is tested in this paper, the display after adjusted and color management according to this scheme shows good effect in the ability of screen analog proofing original, it can approach the requirements of the printing proofing.
A Study of Print Quality of UV Ink-Jet Printing on Glass
Authors: Liao Shin , Tai Meng Tsung , Lin Su Chun , Lin Chia Kai
Published: December 2012

The global trend of digitization has totally varied the printing production processes. Among different printing technologies, digital ultraviolet (UV) ink-jet printing has strengths of easy to dry, printing on unsmooth surface, easy to print with different substrates and lower cost, and hence was commonly adopted by different industries. This study was to evaluate the print quality and weathering resistance of UV ink-jet printing on glass. The UV inks, from companies of AGFA and Anderson companies, and Primer adhesive and white ink from a domestic company were adopted in this study. Four types Primer were applied, i.e. without Primer, one layer of Primer, three layers of Primer, and five layers of Primer, before the print test target was printed. Two types of inks from AGFA and Anderson were used by a UV ink-jet printer to print out the test target. A spectrophotometer was used to measure the test charts, and the print quality was analyzed in terms of color contrast, solid ink density, ink trapping, dot gain or tonal value increment, gray level, etc. The experiment showed that test targets printed with two types of inks had no significant difference both on printability and print quality. However, the Anderson ink had slightly better print quality, weathering resistance, wear resistance, and adhesion compared to those of AGFA’s. Glass printed with Primer and white ink layers in advance had better printability and color quality in the experiment. Overall, UV ink-jet printing on glass had excellent printability and color performance. The results of this study can be referred by industries.
Offset Printing Quality Characteristics of Rich Mineral Paper
Authors: Hsieh Yung Cheng , Lee Kuo Kun , Cheng Ssu Yi , Kao Chih Cheng
Published: December 2012

Rich mineral paper (RMP) has the advantage of being energy efficient, clean and creating no pollution during its production processes, with low production costs, and enjoying naturally complete biodegradability, fully compatible with the emerging demands for energy efficient carbon reducing features and the trend for environmentally green solutions, so if this media can replace traditional paper uses to become a new print media, tremendous environmental efficacy can be expected. So this study aims to discuss the print quality performance characteristics of RMP applications in large print run offset printing operations. The study deploys True Experimental Study methodology, with use of the digital printing test target of Graphic Arts Technical Foundation (GATF), with flat offset printing on traditional coated paper and eco-friendly RMP, printing 800 sheets of each, with systematic random sampling of 35 samples for the study. Quality determinations rely on X-rite i1 Pro for elucidation of the printing quality characteristics for solid ink density, TVI, contrast, gray balance, and color gamut measurement. The results of this study indicate the KCMY solid ink density and contrast of the eco-friendly RMP were less than traditional coated paper; TVI value was higher than traditional coated paper; color gamut performance was less than the traditional coated paper. Optimal gray balance combination for RMP was determined as follows: 7% tone with C7M3Y4, 30% tone with C30M28Y26, 60% tone with C60M58Y5, and 80% tone with C80M76Y66. The study suggests that ink particularly suitable for RMP uses remains in need of development. Additionally, the study found that use of RMP in the paper machinery indicated transverse and longitudinal tensile strength is slightly inferior to the traditional coated paper, resulting in unsmooth surfaces post-printing, for which it is recommended that RMP makers should consider paper machinery structural aspects when pursuing future research on modifying solutions for greater printing efficacy with RMP.
Study on the Printability of UV-Curable Inkjet Ink on Different Printed Materials
Authors: Yang Xiao , Wei Xian Fu , Huang Bei Qing , Zhang Wan , Zhao Liang
Published: December 2012

The printed materials used for UV-curable inkjet ink have diversity, in order to research the differences of the printability of UV-curable inkjet ink on different printed materials and improve the printing quality of UV-curable inkjet ink printing on different materials, this research select coated paper, glass card adhesive paper, PVC plastic film as printed materials. After printing the same UV-curable inkjet ink,the printing quality indicators of printing proofs including the density of the line, blurriness, raggedness, line width and contrast of printing product lines were tested,and then test the contact angle of UV-curable inkjet ink on three printed materials, combined with wetting situation，analysis the printing quality of UV ink-jet ink on different substrate, prepare UV ink-jet ink with different printability, printing and testing the printing quality, assessing the quality with comprehensive evaluation method. The result shows that it's existed large differences among the printing quality of the same UV-curable inkjet inks printing on different materials. We match the printed materials with the corresponding printability of UV-curable inkjet inks in the practical production, in order to get the best printing results.
The Influence of Process Factors on Liquefaction Residue Rate of Wood Packaging Waste
Authors: Yuan Cheng , Ma Xiao Jun
Published: December 2012

In order to improve the utilization rate and the added value of wood packaging waste as well as broaden the applications of wood resources, the influence of the solid-liquid rate, the amount of phosphoric acid catalyst, the liquefaction temperature and the liquefaction time on the liquefaction products of wood packaging waste were studied in this paper. The results indicate that the liquefaction residue rate rapidly decreases at first and then slowly goes down to the minimum at 170°C; along with the catalyst content's raise, the residu rate is on the decline which is more evident when the catalyst content drops from 3% to 7%; when the solid-liquid is less than 1: 5, the residue rate drops significantly; and the increase of the reaction time can greatly affect the liquefaction residue rate, especially when the liquefaction temperature is 150°C, the solid-liquid rate is 1:4, the amount of catalyst is 7%, and the reaction time is 4h, the residue rate can reach 6.04% which is the minimum.
Detecting the Eight Kinds of Organic Solvent Residue in Paper by HS-GC/MS
Authors: Xing Ying Hao , Wu Jun , Wang Zong Yi , Ding Ke
Published: December 2012

A method is established to determine eight kinds of residual solvents in paper package by HS-GC/MS, such as benzene, toluene etc. Response surface method is used to optimize pretreatment temperature and time, the terminal pre-temperature is 100 °C, with time 40min. The result reveals that the pretreatment-temperature has a significant impact on peak area and pretreatment-time has no significant influence. The residual solvents in sample was separated using HP-5MS chromatographic column; Flow velocity of He:1ml/min; Inlet temperature:250°C; programmed temperature: keep 2 min at initial temperature of 35 °C, then rise to 100 °C at a rate of 10 °C/min and keep 3min; the total time is 14.5min. The eight kinds of residual solvents can be effectively separated by this method. The linear range was 0.330~7.956mg/m2 and the correlation coefficient was between 0.995~0.999.The Recovery rate was 99%~114.8% and the relative standard deviation (n=5) was 0.916%~1.333%.
Effective Dot Area’s Calculating Based on YNSN Model
Authors: Zhao Chen Fei , Han Qing , Chi Cong Cong , Meng Qing Jun
Published: December 2012

Yule-Nielsen neugebauer spectrum(YNSN) model can describe the relation between dot area and spectrum reflectance, which can calculate the effective dot area. The modified index in the model still can’t be determined. The reciprocal of paper’s spectral reflectance at the range of visible light is adopted as the modified index in YNSN model in order to reduce the optical dot gain. By experiment, the modified YNSN mode can be used to calculate the effective dot area of light color. The research has a certain significance for controlling and testing printing color.
Preparation and Properties of Anionic Polymer Emulsion in the Presence of a Reactive Surfactant
Authors: Lu Hua Sheng , Li Zhong Xiao , Feng Yu Guang , Pu Jia Ling
Published: December 2012

Stable polymer emulsion derived from Butyl Methacrylate (BMA), 4-vinyl pyridine (4-VP), vinylidene chloride (VDC) and divinylbenzene (DVB) with different size and distribution were prepared through soapless emulsion polymerization by using a reactive surfactant and a redox initiator. The influences of the quality ratio of the reactive surfactant to the monomers and the dosages of the cross-linking agent on the stability and thermal properties of the emulsion were studied. The obtained polymer nano-particles have higher ξ potential, and the particle sizes have narrow distribution. This polymerization system can give some further understanding on the mechanism of emulsion polymerization .The solid content of the emulsion could be as high as 40% and the particle sizes could be adjusted in the range of 40-300nm. Otherwise, using infrared spectroscopy, size and ξ analyzer, gravitational thermal analysis and differential scanning calorimeter, properties of the emulsion latex were tested. This kind of latex may have applications in the development of water-developable thermal-sensitive material system.
Synthesis and Property of Water-Soluble Hyperbranched Polyacrylate Emulsion
Authors: Yu Yang , Xin Xiu Lan , Wei Ya Na , Liu Hong Qin , Yang Shao Xiang
Published: December 2012

Hyperbranched polymer is a kind of non-linear polymers with highly branched structure and a lot of terminal groups. It has many advantages, such as high reactivity, good solubility and low viscosity. Hyperbranched polymer has become a focus in modern scientific domain. In this paper, polyester-type water-soluble hyperbranched monomer is prepared by the ring-opening polymerization reaction of maleic anhydride with polyol. Hyperbranched polyacrylate emulsion with 70-110nm was synthesized by emulsion polymerization using methyl methacrylate (MMA), butyl acrylate (BA), acrylic acid (AA) and hyperbranched polymer as comonomer. The effects of dosages and adding order of monomers, concentration of initator, type and amount of chain transfer agent on the polymerization are discussed. The as-prepared emusions were analyzed by FTIR, DSC, SEM. The solid content, particle size, stability of emulsion and morphology and water absorption of film were measured. The results showed that hyperbranched polyacrylate emulsion had low viscosity, high stability and can form very flat and smooth film. Hyperbranched polyacrylate emulsion can be widely applied in modern ink industry for its low cost,simple process and stable quality.
Research on the Surface Tension of Water-Based Ink-Jet Ink
Authors: Huang Bei Qing , Jia Ling , Sun Jing Mei , Wei Xian Fu
Published: December 2012

In order to research and control the surface tension of the water-based ink-jet ink, and ensure the printing quality of the ink, water-based ink samples with different surface tension are prepared and the roundness, volume, speed and the tail length of the drop are measured in order to analyze the influence of surface tension to drop state. The influence of the main components to the surface tension is discussed through testing the surface tension of the water-based ink-jet ink which has different components. The result shows that the surface tension of the water-based ink-jet ink has big influence to the drop state, so the suitable surface tension is the key to guarantee the printing quality. And the kind of the resins influence the surface tension, the influence of adding different kinds and levels of surfactants to surface tension is different.
Research on Application of iCAM in Printing Image Reproduction
Authors: Li Xiao Zhou , Chen Guang Xue , Jia Chun Jiang , Zhao Lei , Xu Ai
Published: December 2012

The properties of iCAM appearance model including the viewing conditions calculation, chroma adaptation transformation, IPT properties computation and perception correlation calculation was studied according to the researches studied in the paper. iCAM color appearance model was proposed as the PCS in this paper and the effects on printing image reproduction and evaluation were studied. The conclusions showed that setting iCAM as the PCS had an important role in improving color conversion accuracy and the high fidelity reproduction quality of printing image.
The Influence of Pigmental Surface Sizing on the Physical and Laser Printing Properties of Paper
Authors: Zhang Zheng Jian , Han Yu Tong , Chen Yun Zhi
Published: December 2012

In order to improve the physical and color laser printing properties of paper, the polyvinyl alcohol and silica were used for pigmental surface sizing of paper. Under the previous conditions of solid content 12% and 14%, the effects of different ratio of PVA and silica such as 100:0, 15:1, 10:1, 5:1, and 1:1 on the physical properties of paper and laser printing performance were investigated. The brightness, opacity, roughness, color density, gray scale and image definition were measured after the surface sizing paper was calendared under the condition of temperature 70°C and pressure 4MPa. When the solid content was 12%, PVA: SiO2 was 1:1 and the solid content was 14%, PVA:SiO2 was 10:1, the brightness and opacity of paper obtained the maximum values. With the increase of silica proportion roughness increased at first and then decreased. Color density and tone reproducibility of paper was significantly improved by the pigmental sizing treatment as well as the dots and lines definition. The reasonable pigmental sizing scheme was as follow: solid content was 12%, PVA:SiO2 was 1:1, sizing temperature was 60°C, calendar temperature was 70°C and calendar pressure was 4MPa.
Effects of Fillers on the Transfer Properties of UV Waterless Offset Ink
Authors: Gu Ling Ya , Luo Kai Yuan , Huang Bei Qing , Song Yin Di
Published: December 2012

In order to investigate the effects of fillers on the transfer properties of UV waterless offset ink, four ink samples compound with different fillers(SiO2 , CaCO3 and Talc) were prepared, the flow curve, thixotropy and ink transferred ratio were tested, and the effects of rheological properties on ink-transfer were discussed. The results show that: all of four ink samples show a typical shear thinning characteristics. Sample use SiO2 and CaCO3 as fillers has a higher viscosity, and with the increase of shearing rate, the viscosity decreased sharply. Sample use SiO2 and CaCO3 as fillers has the minimum thixotropic area, and the minimum thixotropy. Sample use SiO2 and Talc as fillers has the largest thixotropic area, and the largest thixotropy. Sample use SiO2 and CaCO3 as fillers has the highest ink transfer ratio.
Preparation of Water-Based Nano-Silver Gravure Conductive Ink Used for Printed Electronics
Authors: Li Wei Wei , Mo Li Xin , Fu Ji Lan , Li Wen Bo , Ran Jun , Fan Xin Ming , Li Ya Ling , Li Lu Hai
Published: December 2012

Printed electronic industry develops fast and has great potential. In order to prepare water-based nano-silver gravure conductive ink used for printed electronics, liquid chemical reduction method is used. Ag+(5.89M) at high concentration acting as the precursor is reduced by hydrazine hydrate with PVP as the protecting agent. For one time of reaction, silver content of 9.25% is obtained. After washing and centrifuging the silver colloids for three times to purity, some amount of deionized water, resin and additives are added to the silver paste to fabricated water-based nano-silver conductive ink for gravure. Then, samples obtained by coating or proofing are dried and surface resistance and adhesion are measured. The results indicated that the silver particles prepared have size of about 50~100nm and most of the particles are spherical with small amount nanoplates. The nano-silver gravure conductive ink has 52.63% silver content and 3.58% PVP. Surface resistance of samples coated after sintering at 120°C for 30s can reach 129.5mΩ/sq and the resistivity is 1.49×10-4Ω.cm. The ink layer surface has no drop after 3M method which indicating good adhesion. The ink is suitable for gravure and can be used in printed electronics.
Study on the Dispersity of Black Water-Based Covering Ink
Authors: Wang Dan Dan , Huang Bei Qing , Wei Xian Fu , Liu Jiang Hao , Liu Shuang
Published: December 2012

Dispersity is one of the most important factors that affect the covering property of ink. In order to obtain the black water-based ink with high covering property, study the dispersity of ink, by changing the variety of both pigments and resins, the ratio of pigment to resin, the variety and the content of dispersants to prepare based ink, by testing the diameter size to explore the factors that affect the dispersion of black water-based covering ink. It has been proved that the interaction between different pigments and resins is the key factor that influences the dispersion property of the black water-based covering ink. The dispersity property of the resin to pigment depends on a great extent on the ratio of pigment to resin. The result also proved that different kind of dispersants and content are also important factors that influence the dispersion property.
Influence of Resins on Properties of Copper Screen Printing Conductive Ink
Authors: Fan Xin Ming , Mo Li Xin , Li Wen Bo , Li Wei Wei , Ran Jun , Fu Ji Lan , Li Lu Hai
Published: December 2012

·Copper conductive inks for screen printing are being given great attention due to their widely application in printed electronics industry. In this study, copper conductive ink used for screen printing, which were grinded by three-roll mill machine, was prepared using the epoxy, polyurethane and acrylic resins as adhesive, the flake copper particles which had a diameter between 20 to 50 μm as conductive material and butly alcohol was chosen as solvent. The viscosity and the thixotropy of the conductive ink were measured by rheometer. The oxidation of the surface layer of copper were removed by submerged in a certain concentration of acid solution and the resistance of the sample was measured after heated at different various temperatures. The results showed that the rheology were better for screen printing by adding the acrylic resin and the minimum conductivity can be reached 1.93×10-3 Ω·cm.
Research on Maleic Anhydride Improving the Interfacial Compatibility of PLLA and OMMT by Grafting Method
Authors: Duan Rui Xia , Guo Kai , He Ying Ning , Chen Jin Zhou , Niu Ming Jun , Wang Li Xia , Li Xin Fa
Published: December 2012

Polylactic acid as a biodegradable polymer shows relative high rigidity, but it is brittle and has poor heat resistance, which greatly limits its application. The goal of this experiment is to prepare polylactic acid/organic modified montmorillonite nanocomposite by melting, and to enhance the material properties by improving the interfacial compatibility. First PLLA-g-MAH is prepared through reactive extrusion under initiator dicumyl peroxide, then PLLA /PLLA-g-MAH/OMMT nanocomposite is prepared by melt extrusion. Grafted rate was determined by infrared spectroscopy and chemical titration, and it get to peak when the content of maleic anhydride is 2 wt %. Melt flow rate indicates the nanocomposite has better melt flow and better workability than pure PLA. Mechanical properties of the nanocomposite are best when the content of grafting is 3 wt %. DSC shows that melting temperature and crystallinity of PLLA first increase and then decrease along with the increase of the PLLA-g-MAH, and both of them come to the top when PLLA-g-MAH is 3 wt %.
The Antibacterial and Preservation Performance of Cling Wrap Coated with Nano-Silver Film
Authors: Zhang Gai Mei , Chen Qiang , Xu Wen Cai , Yang Fu Jun , Qiu Li Qiang , Yuan Wei
Published: December 2012

Nano-scale silver films demonstrate the properties of superior activity, remarkable permeability and antimicrobial behavior. The efficiency of bactericidal is hundreds of times larger than that of bulk silver due to the remarkable surface effect, quantum size effect, quantum tunneling effect, and so on. To investigate the effect of nano-silver on food preservation at room temperature, nano-silver coatings with different thicknesses on cling film were prepared by magnetron sputtering at various discharge powers and exposure times. The properties of antibacterial and fresh-keeping were examined. The experimental results show the antibacterial efficiency was increased along with the coating thickness at the beginning, and kept the constant with the exposure period.
The Theory of the Density-Based Gravure Spot-Color Matching
Authors: Luo Ru Bai , Jiang Nan , Zhou Shi Sheng , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2012

Spot-color is widely used in modern package printing technology. In order to use of computer techniques in calculation the formula of spot-color, an algorithm of formula calculation for the gravure spot-color was proposed in this paper. Firstly, the spot-color was divided into ten color areas based on the theory of Munsell color system, and in IGT gravure testing system, the color proofs were printed for each color area, according to different ratio of the cyan, magenta, yellow and white ink, in order to gain the data of mathematics modeling. Then, the algorithm of matching spot-color based on Masking Equation was provided, after measuring and analyzing of the proofs. Moreover, the results of experiment in blue color area show that the algorithm, which was proposed, has good accuracy of matching spot-color. Finally, using the C++ programming language and MySQL database, the prototype computer aided gravure spot-color matching system was developed, the results of operation show that the software is available.
The Hydraulic Characteristics of Slope Flow
Authors: Shen Zhen Zhou , Yao Wen Yi , Li Zhan Bin , Xiao Pei Qing , Li Mian , Yang Ji Shan
Published: December 2012

Slope hydrology is an important branch of Modern hydrology, it has a great significance to study the runoff and converge mechanism research of the basin. The characteristics study include of runoff velocity and infiltration rate etc al. the runoff velocity is an important physical quantity to describe overland flow hydraulics characterize. This paper study the effect of slope degrees and water drainage amount on the runoff velocity. The result shows: slope degree and water drainage both are the important factors to change the runoff velocity. The average runoff velocity were increased first and then reach steady-state fluctuations between 0.1-1m/s at different drainage amount, the time they got to the steady states was different. The results could provide some technology support to establishment slope erosion model.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Multistory Timber Braced Frame Traditional Masonry Structures
Authors: Ahmad Naveed , Ali Qaisar , Umar Muhammad
Published: December 2012

Research carried out on the seismic investigation of timber braced frame (TBF) masonry structures of traditional construction practice is presented, essential for seismic performance evaluation of such construction type using engineering approaches. An innovative simplified equivalent frame method (EFM) based on macro modelling approach is presented for nonlinear dynamic seismic analysis of TBF masonry structures. The modelling include EFM idealization of wall using stiff elastic beam-column element assigned with moment-rotation (M-θ) nonlinear lumped plasticity hinges. Earlier, the approach i.e. the EFM idealization and M-θ constitutive law, is calibrated with the experimental results obtained through quasi-static cyclic test on full scale walls. The technique is further extended herein for seismic dynamic analysis of multistory structures. Generalization of the technique for modelling walls of various geometry and loading is performed. It included nonlinear static pushover analysis of various case study walls, by means of SAP2000 calibrated earlier with experimental results, for the derivation of lateral force-deformability behavior towards the development of generalized M-θ constitutive law for TBF masonry walls. Three representative structures, from one to three storeys, are analyzed using a suite of ten natural accelerograms and incremental dynamic analysis technique. Structure fragility and resilience functions are derived using a fully probabilistic and dynamic approach. The structures analyzed in the present study represent TBF masonry wall structures, called as Dhajji-Dewari structures, common in Northern areas of Pakistan.
Manufacture and Research on a Kind of Double-Channel MRFs Testing Equipment
Authors: Sun Hu , Sun Tiger , Jiao Shu Ping , Xu Chang Xing , Peng Xiang He
Published: December 2012

The kind double-channel Magnetorheological Fluids (MRFs) testing equipment is characterized by low inertia of rotating element and ensures certain precision and economical applicability. Especially, research on and analyze the strain tensor by Finite element software Abaqus. Hope cordially the research can accelerate the study of MRFs with a rapid development.
Hand-Motion Recognition System Using Directional Patterns of Gyroscope for Smart Device Control
Authors: Park Ki Hong
Published: December 2012

In this paper, I proposed the hand-motion recognition system using gyroscope for smart devices. The proposed systems includes a set of modules; gyroscope, RF transmitter/receiver, MCU for signal processing, USB connector and PC-based software. The gyroscope is used to recognize the hand-motion in three-dimension space, and communication bandwidth for transceiver is also set to 2.4~2.5GHz. The nRF24L01 module is used for wireless communication between the transmitter and receiver. For recognizing the hand-motions, the active patterns consist of directional patterns including up, down, left and right direction. Proposed hand-motion recognizing system is configured and simulated base on combinations of hand-motions. In the experimental results, the proposed system was able to recognize the hand-motions, and the results of this paper can apply proposed system to various smart fields.
Optimization Method of Wavefront Reconstruction Based on Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Nie Liang , Jiang Xu , Wu Jian , Guo Rong Li
Published: December 2012

To measure the aspheric surface, the reconstruction of the reference wavefront based on spatial light modulator (SLM) is studied in this paper. Computer-generated hologram (CGH) interference encoding method has been selected and the hologram is been loaded into the SLM to reconstruct standard wavefront. The principles of wavefront reconstruction and the experimental system are introduced at first. Considering the effect of the SLM grid structure on wavefront accuracy, the optimization methods are proposed. With the use of 4f spatial filtering system, the multiple diffraction patterns due to the effect of the SLM grid structure can be removed. The reconstruction wavefront based on dislocation superposition method is used to reduce the impact of black grid. The analysis result shows that the quality of reconstruction wavefront has been improved effectively through the optimization methods.
Preparation and Characterization of NiO Nanoparticles through Thermal Decomposition of Bis(glycinato)Nickel(II)dihydrate
Authors: Dan Wei Yi , Li Jian Fen , Tu Xiang Chen , Jia Kui Le
Published: December 2012

NiO nanoparticles were successfully prepared by decomposing the predecessor bis(glycinato)nickel(II)dihydrate in the presence of oleylamine and triphenylphosphine (TPP), and different approaches including Fourier transforms infrared spectrometry(FT-IR), X-ray diffraction(XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the NiO nanoparticles. Meanwhile, the effects of TPP concentration and reaction time on the size and yield of NiO nanoparticles derived from precursors were thoroughly investigated in this paper. The analysis results indicated that the prepared NiO nanoparticles were found spherical in shape and demonstrated weak agglomeration. They had generally high purity and a fine crystal phase of cubic syngony. Furthermore, the effects of the TPP concentration and reaction time on the size and yield of NiO nanoparticles are very crucial, higher concentration of TPP would results in reduction of both the mean size and yield of NiO particles. However both yields and particles size of NiO nanoparticles continuously increased as increasing reaction time, after more than 60 minutes, the size and yield of NiO nanoparticles kept hardly change.
Fast Test and Evaluation Method for Online Dynamic Performances of Feed Drive System of CNC Machine Tool
Authors: Liu Zhi Hong , Liao Gang , Niu Wen Tie , Wang Jun Qiang
Published: December 2012

An online approach was presented to test and evaluate the dynamic performance of feed drive system. At first, the position ramp trajectory, speed ramp trajectory and reciprocating trajectory were run separately and the response data was obtained from Numerical Control System. Then, a set of criterions were defined to evaluate the dynamic performance of five axes respectively. Finally, the integrated performance of the feed drive system was evaluated through analytic hierarchy process. On the basis of above theory, a rapid test and evaluation software was developed and this paper presented the results achieved in practice with this software. The research could provide a foundation for understanding variation rule of dynamic performance of feed drive system and improving its dynamic performance
Abrasion Simulation of a Reciprocating Seal
Authors: Li Xin , Peng Gao Liang , Liu Wen Jian
Published: December 2012

Modeling for the abrasion behavior of the rubber-like material is needed in designing a sliding seal in a hydraulic system. The abrasion mechanism of elastomeric material differs from metals or other polymers. In this paper the abrasion behavior of the seal was studied through numerical simulation method. An FE contact model was built. Considering the actual manufacturing situation, a sinusoidal function was used to describe the surface roughness of the rod. An abrasion algorithm based on the linear abrasion theory was adopted. The nonlinear behavior of the seal material and extreme working conditions were also considered. The birth and death element technology was used in the simulation process to imitate the loss of the material. The results displayed the worn profile of the seal and the influences to the sealing pressure caused by the working conditions outside and the roughness of the rod.
Investigation of Performance of Scramjet Combustion Used Kerosene with Clean Air
Authors: Li Wei Qiang , Luo Fei Teng
Published: December 2012

The aaviation kerosene is a practical candidate fuel for scramjet engine in the flight regimes of Mach number less than 8, in considerations of safety, economy and portable. In the present paper, the ignition characteristics of a scramjet combustor model fueled by aviation kerosene was experimentally investigated, using the resistance heating direct-connected supersonic combustion facility of Northwestern Polytechnical University. The inflow conditions at the direct-connected combustor entrance were specified as: the nominal Mach of 2.0, the total temperature of 870～930K and the total pressure of about 770kPa. Three combustor performance of difference ER were compared applied CFD simulated. The experimental result suggested that: the cavity design is a key problem for kerosene successful ignition is the combustor; That chooses appropriate gas-oil ratio could increased performance of combustor and kept isolator interfered by gas.
Towards Web Service Discovery Based on Context-Aware
Authors: Gao Shu , Huang Hua , Ge Bing
Published: December 2012

Nowadays, a lot of services which do not meet user’s the requirements are returned while searching web services with traditional service discovery, and moreover, the efficiency is very low. On the other hand, current service directory specifications do not focus on context-aware. In this paper, a novel, enhanced model for the web service discovery, which is based on context-aware, is proposed, and the context information and domain information are integrated to filter and sort services during the process of service discovery. By this way, the precision and efficiency of the service discovery can be improved.
Decoration of Magnetic Nanoparticles on Functionalized Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes by In Situ Method
Authors: Zhou Hong Fu , Wang Xiang Dong
Published: December 2012

To increase the magnetic performance of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)/Fe3O4 nanocomposites, Fe3O4-polymer-MWCNTs with a novel nanostructure was prepared by in-situ method. The low molecular weight poly (acrylic acid) was grafted on the surface of acid-oxidized MWCNTs, forming numerous carboxyl groups from the original hydroxyl groups on the surface of acid-treated MWCNTs. And then, the ferric and ferrous ions would be adsorbed on the surface of PAA-g-MWCNTs through the electrostatic interaction. At last, the ammonia solution was added into the above solution to form Fe3O4 nanoparticles on the surface of MWCNTs through hydrothermal treatment. The experimental results showed that large quantities of Fe3O4 nanoparticles were coated on the surface of PAA-g-MWCNTs via in-situ method and our products possessed high magnetic saturation and magnetic sensitivity.
A GPS-Less Cell-Based Localization Technique for Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Xue Jun
Published: December 2012

This paper presents a localization algorithm, namely Circle Based Localization (CBL) for GPS-less wireless sensor networks. CBL works by finding the centroid of intersection of any two circles. Furthermore, we study the effect of power level mismatch among anchors. Simulation results show that CBL can significantly improve the accuracy by 5% while reducing the transmission power of anchors.
Improvement and Research of Lean Production in Car-Seat Assembly Line
Authors: Li Yue
Published: December 2012

This article analyzes the car-seat assembly line in one company which has several problems such as productivity shortage, long production cycle and high inventory costs. Based on Leap Production, this article introduces how to improve the car-seat assembly line with Value Stream Mapping Analysis, Kanban Pull Production Management and Process Flow Analysis. The research results show that the Take Time and production cycle reduces by 36 seconds and 11.602 days respectively, and the production efficiency increases by 189 sets per day, which all save the labor and inventory costs.
Establishing a Marketing Plan for Nowdar Company Applying a Taxonomy Method
Authors: Mohammad Mehdi Latifi , Seyed Hamid Reza Azimi
Published: December 2012

This paper proposes a new approach for implementation of a marketing plan which is illustrated by using a case study of Nowdar Company selling and distributing profiles produced from pre-painted galvanized coils used in constructions. By using marketing plan which details the necessary actions to achieve one or more marketing objectives, firms will be able to achieve their goals faster and with less frustration. The analysis for this company is performed by using a taxonomy method. The presented methodology facilitates both the selection and the structuring of administrative departments of the company. This can help the managers and leaves time for important tasks such as the development of real marketing plans responding to detected developments. According to the investigations, it was indicated that from the year 2006 to 2008, both the profit and the number of customers had been decreased considerably. The paper proposes four levels of barriers to an effective marketing plan, relating to (i) project manager, (ii) the marketing way the company uses, (iii) the amount of commission which is given to the marketers, and (iv) the contracts between the company and the product installers. The paper may be beneficial for all of the enterprises wish for implementing business planning, marketing planning, etc. It may be of high value to researchers in the marketing field and to practitioners involved with planning and managing the market in the organizations. It gives valuable information and guidelines that will help the leaders and the senior managers to accomplish marketing planning through their organization and to reach their desired goals successfully.
Irrational Bidders, the First-Price Sealed Auction and Trembling-Hand Perfect Equilibrium
Authors: Han Zhen Guo , Wang Wen Ju , Qing Lie Rong
Published: December 2012

Though the auction existed for a long time, the research on the auction theory has been started formally since 1961. One of the prerequisites in auction theory is that all bidders are rational. At present the auction theory hasn’t involved irrational bidders. The paper first introduced the irrational factors into auction theory and analyzed what is the equilibrium of the first-price sealed auction when the values of bidders are uniformly distributed on [0, 1] and some bidders are irrational. This paper also pointed this equilibrium is a trembling-hand perfect equilibrium and discussed the revenue of the seller in this case contrasting the revenue of the seller when bidders are rational. In the end this paper put forward some question on the future research.