bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jailed Individuals’ Perceptions of Procedural Justice and Suicidal Ideation: An Empirical Examination
Authors: Abderhalden Frances P. , Alward Lucas
Published: June 2022

Suicide ideation (SI) represent a major public health concern, especially within incarcerated settings. Although prior research acknowledges the influence of individual characteristics, less research has examined how perceptions of procedural justice relate to individuals’ maladaptive behavior while incarcerated. Recently, scholarship has included self-injurious thoughts and behaviors as an outcome of perceived procedural justice for incarcerated individuals. This study expands on prior work, by exploring perceptions of procedural justice related to SI using a jail sample from the United States ( n = 397). We found strong support that higher perceptions of procedural justice are related to reduced frequency of suicidal ideation in jail. We discuss these implications in relation to the critical impact on public health and safety of this vulnerable population.
Recreating Human Mobility Patterns Through the Lens of Social Media: Using Twitter to Model the Social Ecology of Crime
Authors: Wo James C. , Rogers Ethan M. , Berg Mark T. , Koylu Caglar
Published: June 2022

Studies of neighborhood crime are often limited in their ability to account for the dynamic nature of human mobility, a central tenet of prominent theoretical perspectives on the spatial distribution of crime. Yet, recent work indicates the utility of social media data for estimating the size and composition of such ambient population. In the present study, we assess whether four Twitter-derived measures are associated with crime counts across 2,348 block groups. Specifically, we focus on the density of Twitter users (and tweets), as well as the proportion of Twitter users (and tweets) that are “insiders.” We inferred Twitter users’ “insider” location from the block group in which they tweeted most frequently.
The Variable Association Between Religiosity and Delinquency
Authors: Montagnet Chase L.
Published: June 2022

Although religion and crime occupies a relatively small space in contemporary criminological research, religious beliefs, and practices are central to classical social theory. This study uses fixed effects models to analyze three waves of panel data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health to examine the relationship between a multidimensional measure of religiosity and several forms of delinquency. The results indicate that the relationship between religiosity and delinquency is offense-specific. While religiosity is inversely related to substance use in the presence of social bonds and predictors of delinquency, its relationship with non-violent delinquency is mixed. Finally, religiosity is not associated with violent offending. The results suggest that renewed interest in religion among criminologists is warranted.
Tourism and Crime: An Exploratory Study of Burglary From Tourist Accommodation From the Criminal Opportunity Perspective
Authors: Vakhitova Zarina I. , Mawby Rob I. , Helps Nicola , Alston-Knox Clair L.
Published: June 2022

It is widely acknowledged that tourists are particularly likely to be victimized, especially with regard to property crimes like theft from tourist accommodation (burglary). Guided by the criminal opportunity perspective, we examine the extent to which environmental and routine activities-related factors explain burglary using the data from a sample of Australian tourists ( N = 1,027). Bayesian variable selection with a stochastic search algorithm was used to analyze the data. Our findings demonstrate the utility of opportunity theories in explaining crime against tourists. We found that the location and type of accommodation together with the use of target hardening and guardianship strategies are helpful for understanding burglary from tourist accommodation. Practical implications for crime prevention are also discussed.
The Unintended Consequences of VAM: Excluding Latinx Social Studies Topics
Authors: Santiago Maribel , Kang Hana
Published: June 2022

Using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-Test to analyze 128 survey responses from K-12 teachers, this paper considers how value-added measures (VAM) impact educators’ decisions to include Latinx topics in their social studies lessons. The authors found that VAM teachers are more likely to rely on district/state curriculum standards whereas non-VAM teachers rely on curriculum resources to incorporate Latinx topics. When compared to non-VAM teachers, VAM teachers cover less Latinx content when it does not align with the standards, but higher coverage when the topics do align. The findings suggest that VAM can restrict teachers from implementing a diverse curriculum.
Spatializing gossip as chaotic and multiple liminal space
Authors: Liu Yihan , Fan Ziyun
Published: June 2022

How do we understand gossip as spatialization processes? How can we address such processes through liminal space? In this article, we challenge the trap of social determinism in understanding gossip, and argue that gossip should be conceptualized through the mutual constitution and contestations between social relations and space. We draw on a three-month participant observation case study to explore such interactive processes and relations through the lens of liminal space. This article contributes to the existing literature on gossip by addressing the overlooked importance of ‘space’ in theorizing and understanding gossip. We emphasize that space acts as a localized context for, and an active participant in, enabling or constraining social interactions for gossip. In doing so, we explore the theoretical potential and empirical possibility of theory blending of liminal space and gossip that can shed light on future research on unmanaged and marginalized social practices in organizations.
Mechanical characterization and low-velocity impact behavior of flax woven fabric-reinforced polymer composites
Authors: Korkmaz Melih , Karakuzu Ramazan , Korkmaz Mehmet
Published: June 2022

Man–made fibers like carbon or glass are main components for fiber-reinforced polymer composites thanks to their high strength and stiffness values. However, man-made fibers are not eco-friendly and can hardly be recycled in the nature. Using a high amount of man-made fibers threatens our nature and poses a significant risk for the future of world. Natural fiber reinforced composite (NFRC) is considered as a good alternative for traditional composites. Therefore, NFRC has been examined to develop materials, which have comparable mechanical properties with the man-made fiber reinforced composites, for last decades. Although lots of studies were carried out on the mechanics of NFRC, a few of them focused on the structural design of reinforcement and their effects on composites performance. In this study, the number of weft densities of reinforcements were differentiated and their effects on the mechanical properties of composites were investigated. Fabrics were produced from flax yarns and composites were manufactured by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding method. The tensile, compression, shear and impact tests were carried out to characterize the manufactured composites. Results show that while increasing number of weft density of reinforcement improves the tensile and compressive strength of NFRC in the weft direction, the tensile strength and elastic modulus of composites in the warp direction were characterized by the crimp percentage values of warp yarns. Moreover, it was determined that the number of weft density in the reinforcement affect the contact force and energy absorption capacity of NFRC.
A resistor network model for analysis of current and temperature distribution in carbon fibre reinforced polymers during induction heating
Authors: Lundström Fredrik , Frogner Kenneth , Andersson Mats
Published: June 2022

The interest in carbon fibre reinforced polymers (CFRP) is growing due to their high strength and stiffness compared to their weight, in industries such as automotive and aerospace. This creates a high demand for more effective production methods. Volumetric induction heating of the electrically conductive carbon fibres enable unmatched heat rates and can be used both during manufacturing and joining of parts, but also means technical challenges in terms of uniform temperature distribution. Understanding and prediction of the heating pattern is therefore an important step towards an industrial solution. This article presents a model for simulation of the current and temperature distribution in CFRP during induction heating in which the CFRP is modelled as a network of discrete resistors where the local currents are determined by Kirchhoff’s circuit laws and the temperature distribution is computed by the finite difference method. The model is a complement to traditional three-dimensional finite element simulations and allows for a better understanding of the current paths, and thereby the heating pattern, on a tow size level. Thermographic recordings during induction heating experiments validates the model.
End-Of-Life Care From the Perspectives of Patients With Cancer and Their Nurses: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Terzi Kübra , kapucu Sevgisun
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to determine the needs of end-of-life cancer patients’ and their nurses’ perspectives and experiences regarding end of life period. A qualitative descriptive phenomenological study design was adopted comprising face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with patients and their nurses. Content analysis was conducted using the ‘Induction’ approach. 15 patients and 15 nurses participated in study. This study emerged three categories, nine themes for patients, and seven themes for nurses. Categories were determined according to the Donabedian model. The interviews revealed that although the nurses wanted to provide the necessary care, they could not accomplish it because of excessive workload, inadequately informed patients, and less than desired knowledge and education levels of the nurses and healthcare team. Improved care coordination and partnership working are essential for supporting both patient and their nurses at the end of life.
Effectiveness of Brief Contact Interventions for Bereavement: A Systematic Review
Authors: McGill Katie , Bhullar Navjot , Pearce Tania , Batterham Philip J. , Wayland Sarah , Maple Myfanwy
Published: June 2022

Brief contact interventions are an efficient and cost-effective way of providing support to individuals. Whether they are an effective bereavement intervention is not clear. This systematic review included articles from 2014 to 2021.711 studies were identified, with 15 meeting inclusion criteria. The brief contact interventions included informational and emotional supports. Narrative synthesis identified that participants valued brief contact interventions, however some did not find them helpful. Exposure to a brief contact intervention was typically associated with improvements in wellbeing. Studies with comparison groups typically found significant but modest improvements in grief, depression symptoms and wellbeing associated with the intervention. However, one intervention was associated with significant deterioration of depression symptoms. Existing brief contact interventions for bereavement appear feasible, generally acceptable to the target population and are associated with improvements in wellbeing. Further development and evaluation to account for why improvements occur, and to identify any unintended impacts, is required.
Emotional Engagement and Caring Relationships: The Assessment of Emotion Regulation Repertoires of Nurses
Authors: Meneghini Anna Maria , Colledani Daiana , Morandini Sofia , De France Kalee , Hollenstein Tom
Published: June 2022

In spite of the importance of emotion regulation for nurses’ well-being, little is known about which strategies nurses habitually use, how these strategies combine in order to regulate their emotional distress, and how these are related to their caregiving orientations. The current study aimed to explore the emotion regulation repertoires that characterize health-care providers and to investigate the association between these repertoires and caregiving orientations in a sample of nurses. Firstly, a confirmatory factor analyses was run to test the suitability of the Regulation of Emotion System Survey for the assessment of six emotion regulation strategies among health-care providers. Subsequently, the latent profiles analysis was employed to explore emotion regulation repertoires. Three repertoires emerged: The Average, the Suppression Propensity and the Engagement Propensity profiles. The participants of the last two groups relied on Expressive Suppression and Engagement, respectively, more often than others. Nurses were more likely to be placed within the Engagement Propensity group when compared to the first responders, and higher levels of hyperactivation of the Caregiving System were associated with this repertoire. A greater reliance on Expressive Engagement among nurses was discussed in terms of the fact that nurses usually have a longer and more care-oriented relationships with patients than first responders.
Persons With Disabilities in Self-Employment Served by the Federal/State Vocational Rehabilitation System: Differences Between 2011–2013 and 2017–2019
Authors: Sánchez Jennifer , Frain Michael P. , Shirley Ghari , Rohack Devin , Pan Deyu
Published: June 2022

Persons with disabilities (PWDs) are disproportionately unemployed, underpaid, and underemployed despite their desire and capacity to work. The U.S. federal/state vocational rehabilitation (VR) program, under the supervision of the Rehabilitation Services Administration (RSA), is charged with providing services to assist eligible PWDs (VR consumers) in achieving employment. Despite research showing that VR consumers closed to self-employment (vs. non-self-employment closures) have better outcomes, self-employment is often considered as a last resort. Moreover, some evidence suggests self-employment (like non-self-employment) outcomes are associated with VR consumers’ gender and racial/ethnic identity. The objective of this study was to determine trends of case closures in self-employment among PWDs within the VR program from 2011–2013 to 2017–2019 and to examine the effects of gender and race/ethnicity on self-employment outcomes. Variables of interest were obtained from RSA’s Case Service Report (RSA-911) data set for 2011, 2012, 2013, 2017, 2018, and 2019. Data were recoded and analyzed. The number of closures in self-employment declined significantly. Weekly earnings in self-employment increased. Time from application to closure in self-employment decreased. Differences in VR self-employment outcomes by race/ethnicity and gender were noted. Efforts should be made to increase competency in self-employment of VR counselors and promote self-employment within the VR program.
Cultivated invisibility and migrants’ experiences of homelessness during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Stewart Simon , Sanders Charlotte
Published: June 2022

The UK government’s Everyone In scheme, announced in March 2020, required local authorities to temporarily house all homeless individuals in their area regardless of immigration status. In providing support through safe and secure accommodation, Everyone In also provided a crucial moment of visibility for migrants experiencing homelessness. Yet, just as it provided life-changing opportunities for some, the scheme was not straightforwardly a celebratory moment for migrants. It remained embedded within a wider context of immigration governance and social inequality in the UK, which has both invisibilised migrant homelessness as a crisis and hypervisibilised migrants as undeserving, suspicious or ‘illegal’ subjects. In this article, we explore life-story narratives co-produced with migrants across three urban contexts that capture their experiences of homelessness before and during the pandemic. In doing so, we introduce the notion of cultivated invisibility, referring to a habitual, deeply-ingrained mode of practice through which migrants respond to and navigate their experiences of being read as ‘Other’, in racialised or classed terms. It is developed through conditions of material scarcity and in the course of multiple engagements with racial capitalism’s various ‘faces of the state’ in an increasingly hostile environment for migrants. Cultivated invisibility involves staying on the move and blending into the crowd or avoiding it altogether but it also includes the experience of being unseen despite having come forward for help. Importantly, we demonstrate that cultivated invisibility becomes a cause of illegalisation, just as much as a response to it.
Quiet politics: Queer organizing in corporate Singapore
Authors: Jung Minwoo
Published: June 2022

How could queer activism for social change be possible in an authoritarian but neoliberal environment? What does neoliberalism imply for queer struggles in non-Western contexts where liberal democracy is absent or non-existent? This article introduces the concept of ‘quiet politics’ to establish a new theoretical lens for understanding queer organizing under global capitalism. Drawing on ethnographic fieldwork and interview data on the rise of corporate diversity activism in Singapore, it analyzes how queer employees navigate the contradictions of neoliberal capitalism in multinational corporations. The concept of quiet politics helps us understand the nuanced ways in which queer subjects ‘quietly’ mobilize themselves through a negotiation of neoliberalism, queer politics, and the authoritarian government that persecutes homosexuality. In doing so, this article challenges the Western notion of queer liberalism and sheds new light on the complex entanglement of neoliberal capitalism, corporate diversity, contentious politics, and queer activism from a global perspective.
The arrival of the Anthropocene in social theory: From modernism and Marxism towards a new materialism
Authors: Ejsing Mads
Published: June 2022

Since its origin in the natural sciences in the early 2000s, the concept of the Anthropocene has spread far and wide. Following the concept’s journey away from the natural sciences, where it was invented to designate the advent of a new geological epoch, and into the social and human sciences, its meaning has opened up to many different interpretations. This article examines three competing theoretical narratives about the Anthropocene, which have gained particular traction within social and political theory in recent years: The ‘good’ Anthropocene promoted by ecomodernists. The ‘bad’ Anthropocene, or so-called Capitalocene, critiqued by eco-Marxists. And, lastly, the ‘uncanny’ Anthropocene envisioned by new materialists. These three stories differ not only in their interpretation of the Anthropocene, they also engender notably different political responses. Echoing the insights of new materialists such as Jane Bennett, Bruno Latour and Donna Haraway, the article argues that we cannot rely on a single grand narrative of the Anthropocene today. What is needed, instead, is the proliferation of a multiplicity of different Anthropocene stories: situated, troubling and more-than-human stories that seek to displace idiosyncratic notions of the autonomous human subject so that we might begin to see what else is there.
Continued Disparate Discipline: Theorizing State Takeover Districts’ Impact on the Continued Oppression of Black Girls
Authors: Nelson Steven L. , Ridgeway Monica Lynn , Baker Timberly L. , Green Cassandra D. , Campbell Tiffany
Published: June 2022

The state takeover of schools in predominantly Black communities has not disrupted the racial subjugation of Black girls. Using proportional analyses and Detroit, Memphis, and New Orleans as research sites, we find that the takeover of school districts does not produce statistically weaker associations with the use of harsh disciplinary practices against Black girls. This finding is important in the context of education reform, as researchers begin to question the motives and outcomes of education reforms. Moreover, this study is important to literature that considers the civil rights that Black communities must forego for the promise of better schools. Finally, this finding is relevant to extant conversations in urban education, especially as those conversations consider the school-to-prison pipeline and disparate disciplinary outcomes for Black girls.
African urbanisation at the confluence of informality and climate change
Authors: Finn Brandon Marc , Cobbinah Patrick Brandful
Published: June 2022

Africa contributes the least to global greenhouse gas emissions, yet it faces climate change’s harshest consequences. Ramifications of climate change pose daunting multi-scalar urban challenges, specifically because urbanisation across most African countries is embedded in, linked to and defined by various notions of informality. However, there is limited theoretical attention to the confluence of African urbanisation, informality and climate change. This article addresses this issue by laying out three fundamental matters of this relationship. First, it analyses urban informality in the context of three domains: the informal economy, informal settlements and the state. Second, it highlights the significance of climate change to theoretical and empirical studies of informality. We propose that climate change poses challenges to the practice of informality and its contemporary theorisation, prompting new questions about how African informality is understood and framed. Finally, it discusses new perspectives on planning for climate change and urban informality that do not frame ‘top-down’ and ‘bottom-up’ approaches as necessarily mutually exclusive. Climate change fundamentally challenges life within informal economies and settlements, and its synthesis within debates on African urbanisation is urgently required. Notably, and in turn, the global discourse on climate change also requires specific attention to the theories and practices of informality.
Illiberal smart urbanism? Lessons from the politics of state-led smart securitisation in Miskolc, Hungary
Authors: Dürr Miklós
Published: June 2022

This article makes the case for the ‘illiberal smart city’ in response to a growing body of literature on the post-politicisation of smart urbanism. Drawing on the centralised rollout of an intelligent CCTV network in Miskolc, Hungary, under a regime that calls itself ‘illiberal’, the article proposes an alternative perspective on the politics of smart urbanism in continuation of dialogues on the ‘actually existing smart city’. To this end, two key claims will be put forward. First, in contrast to mainstream post-political understandings of smart urbanism, Miskolc’s smart surveillance project is wrapped up in an explicitly right-wing populist, and in certain respects racialised social ordering campaign. Second, not only is the CCTV network a key manifestation of a populist agenda, but it also reproduces the illiberal smart city through engineering a new consensus around securitisation without responding to the root causes of crime and segregation. Rather than engaging in depth with the digital technologies themselves, the article instead focuses on the underpinning politics of smart surveillance in Miskolc to show how, in the project’s implementation, post-political ideas are replaced by the overt campaigning machinery of the illiberal state.
Geographic Legislative Constituencies: A Defense
Authors: Carlsen Häggrot Marcus
Published: June 2022

Many democracies use geographic constituencies to elect some or all of their legislators. Furthermore, many people regard this as desirable in a noncomparative sense, thinking that local constituencies are not necessarily superior to other schemes but are nevertheless attractive when considered on their own merits. Yet, this position of noncomparative constituency localism is now under philosophical pressure as local constituencies have recently attracted severe criticism. This article examines how damaging this recent criticism is, and argues that within limits, noncomparative constituency localism remains philosophically tenable despite the criticisms. The article shows that noncomparative constituency localism is compelling in the first place because geographic constituencies foster partisan voter mobilisation, and practices of constituency service help to sustain deliberation among constituents and within the legislature and promote the realisation of equal opportunity for political influence. The article further argues that it is unwarranted to criticise geographic constituencies for being biased against geographically dispersed voter groups, for causing vote-seat disproportionality, and for being vulnerable to gerrymandering. The article also discusses the criticisms that local constituencies may pose risks of inefficiency and injustice in resource allocation decisions, may lead legislators to neglect the common good, and may limit citizens’ control over the political agenda. Whilst conceding that these objections may be valid, the article argues that they do not outweigh the diverse and normatively weighty considerations speaking in favour of noncomparative constituency localism. Finally, the article’s analysis is defended against several variants of the charge that it exaggerates the benefits of geographic constituencies.
Women’s Pathways: Replication and Generalizability Across State Prison Systems
Authors: Brennan Tim , Jackson Eugenie
Published: June 2022

This study demonstrates the replication and validation of a prior model of women’s pathways to prison that was initially developed in California Women’s prisons and subsequently implemented in the Massachusetts Department of Correction (MADOC) women’s prison in 2013. The following four main pathways were identified: (1) Quasi-normal, least disturbed, drug and situational offending; (2) lifelong abused and depressed drug abusing women; (3) socialized subcultural women, with chronic crimes and drug abuse; and (4) abused and aggressive, early onset and multi-need women with severe drugs, crime, and mental health issues. Since 2013, this model has routinely functioned in MADOC women’s prison as an internal classification (IC) for women detainees. Using a newly extracted sample of approximately 1,800 cases from MADOC, several forms of replication and validation were conducted; these demonstrated cross-sample stability, cross-method stability, and stability across time and region. Implications for theory, treatment planning, and implementation are discussed.
Bolivian Critical Marxism: An Approach to the Work of René Zavaleta Mercado and Álvaro García Linera
Authors: Torres López Tomás , Cabaluz Ducasse J. Fabián
Published: June 2022

While various studies have shown the influence on other writers of two of Bolivia’s most important intellectuals and proponents of critical Marxism, René Zavaleta Mercado and Alvaro García Linera, research on the relationship between the two is scarce. Analysis of their concepts of national classes, the commoner bloc, and the state indicates important points of agreement as well as divergence in their theoretical production.

Si bien varios estudios han demostrado la influencia en otros escritores de dos de los intelectuales más importantes de Bolivia y defensores del marxismo crítico, René Zavaleta Mercado y Álvaro García Linera, la investigación sobre la relación entre los dos es escasa. Un análisis de sus conceptos de clases nacionales, el bloque plebeyo y el Estado indica importantes puntos de avenencia, así como divergencias en su producción teórica.
Mariátegui and the Search for the Latin American Proletariat
Authors: Friggeri Félix Pablo
Published: June 2022

José Carlos Mariátegui’s “heroic creation” of Indo-American socialism had both political and epistemic dimensions and involved a rethinking of the revolutionary subject—the proletariat—in Latin America. This proletariat was, from Mariátegui’s perspective, an articulated subject centered on the indigenous. Consideration of Mariátegui’s work from a perspective that subverts the view of the historical/structural heterogeneity of Latin America and seeks a bridge among the region’s revolutionary currents in popular praxis may contribute to deepening the study of its potential for enriching the political and epistemological alternatives to the neoliberal project.

La “creación heroica” del socialismo indoamericano de José Carlos Mariátegui tuvo dimensiones tanto políticas como epistémicas e implicó un replanteamiento del sujeto revolucionario—el proletariado—en América Latina. Este proletariado era, desde la perspectiva de Mariátegui, un sujeto articulado centrado en lo indígena. La consideración de la obra de Mariátegui desde una perspectiva que subvierta la visión de la heterogeneidad histórico-estructural de América Latina y busque un puente entre las corrientes revolucionarias de la región en la praxis popular puede contribuir a profundizar el estudio de su potencial de enriquecer las alternativas políticas y epistemológicas al proyecto neoliberal.
There Grows the City: A Long History of Urban Agriculture in Milwaukee, Wisconsin
Authors: Carriere Michael , Schalliol David
Published: June 2022

A dominant interpretation of the twentieth-century U.S. city is one of declension, wherein cities contracted following a number of profound ruptures. At these moments, neoliberalism began its ascent, disconnecting the historical processes that created the city from the current policies and realities of American urban centers. By documenting the histories of urban agriculture in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, this essay seeks to complicate this declensionist narrative while highlighting the overlooked role that food production played in the growth of a major urban center—all the while providing a usable history for efforts to renew the twenty-first century city. Even during the height of industrial expansion in Milwaukee, urban agriculture played a significant role in the economic, social, and spatial development of the city. Then, as both deindustrialization and responses to such phenomena began to dramatically affect Milwaukee by the 1960s, urban agriculture remained a viable tool for urban redevelopment, one employed by both public- and private-sector actors well into the twenty-first century.
Labour–management relations and employee involvement in lean production systems in different national contexts: A comparison of French and Swedish aerospace companies
Authors: Ahlstrand Roland , Gautié Jérôme
Published: June 2022

Existing research has found heterogeneity in the implementation of Lean and its outcomes in terms of employee involvement across countries. This article explores the potential role of labour–management relations. It relies on in-depth company case studies carried out in the aerospace industry in France and Sweden. The study finds significant variations in employee involvement – higher in the Swedish than in the French cases. Managerial orientations did play a role, as the ‘technocratic’ form of Lean in France echoed a more unilateral top-down conception of management, while Swedish managers appeared more receptive to the ‘involvement-enhancing’ paradigm. But the attitudes and behaviours of unions were also a crucial factor, as Swedish unions were very effective in impinging on the implementation of Lean at workplace level, while their French counterparts, often divided, adopted a more defensive stance, lacking expertise and implication in the promotion of high-involvement work organisations.
Emotion Appraisals and Coping with Secrets
Authors: Liu Zaijia , Kalokerinos Elise K. , Slepian Michael L.
Published: June 2022

Secrecy is both common and consequential. Recent work suggests that personal experiences with secrets (i.e., mind-wandering to them outside of concealment contexts), rather than concealment (within conversations), can explain the harms of secrecy. Recent work has also demonstrated that secrecy is associated with emotions that center on self-evaluation—shame and guilt. These emotions may help explain the harms of secrecy and provide a point of intervention to improve coping with secrecy. Four studies with 800 participants keeping over 10,500 secrets found that shame surrounding a secret is associated with lower perceived coping efficacy and reduced well-being. Moreover, shifting appraisals away from shame improved perceptions of efficacy in coping with secrets, which was linked with higher well-being. These studies suggest that emotions surrounding secrets can harm well-being and highlight avenues for intervention.
A Bias Toward Kindness Goals in Performance Feedback to Women (vs. Men)
Authors: Jampol Lily , Rattan Aneeta , Wolf Elizabeth Baily
Published: June 2022

While research has documented positivity biases in workplace feedback to women versus men, this phenomenon is not fully understood. We take a motivational perspective, theorizing that the gender stereotype of warmth shapes feedback givers’ goals, amplifying the importance placed on kindness when giving critical feedback to a woman versus a man. We found support for this hypothesis in a survey of professionals giving real developmental feedback (Study 1, N = 4,842 raters evaluating N = 423 individuals) and five experiments with MBA students, lab participants, and managers (Studies 2–5, N = 1,589). Across studies, people prioritized the goal of kindness more when they gave, or anticipated giving, critical feedback to a woman versus a man. Studies 1, 3, and 5 suggest that this kindness bias relates to gendered positivity biases, and Studies 4a and 4b tested potential mechanisms and supported an indirect effect through warmth. We discuss implications for the study of motivation and workplace gender bias.
Individual Differences in Implicit Bias Can Be Measured Reliably by Administering the Same Implicit Association Test Multiple Times
Authors: Carpenter Thomas P. , Goedderz Alexandra , Lai Calvin K.
Published: June 2022

The use of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a measure of individual differences is stymied by insufficient test–retest reliability for assessing trait-level constructs. We assess the degree to which the IAT measures individual differences and test a method to improve its validity as a “trait” measure: aggregating across IATs. Across three studies, participants (total n = 960) completed multiple IATs in the same session or across multiple sessions. Using latent-variable models, we found that half of the variance in IAT scores reflects individual differences. Aggregating across multiple IATs approximately doubled the variance explained with explicit measures compared with a single IAT D-score. These findings show that IAT scores contain considerable noise and that a single IAT is inadequate to estimate trait bias. However, aggregation across multiple administrations can correct this and better estimate individual differences in implicit attitudes.
Strategic Mindsets and Support for Social Change: Impact Mindset Explains Support for Black Lives Matter Across Racial Groups
Authors: Vani Preeti , Alzahawi Shilaan , Dannals Jennifer E. , Halevy Nir
Published: June 2022

How does the self-relevance of a social movement shape individuals’ engagement with it? We examined the decision-making processes that underlie support for Black Lives Matter (BLM) among Black, Hispanic, Asian, and White Americans. We find significant between-group differences in levels of support for BLM, both in terms of past behavior (Study 1) and in terms of future intentions to support the movement (Study 2). These differences notwithstanding, thinking about how one’s decisions impact others - which we label impact mindset - explains support for BLM across racial groups, cross-sectionally as well as longitudinally (over 8 months later). Our findings underscore the equivalence of the impact mindset construct across racial groups and its predictive power in the context of BLM. We conclude that, although the struggle for racial justice has different meanings for different racial groups, the same mindset underlies both in-group advocacy and allyship in the context of BLM.
Spontaneous Trait Inferences From Behavior: A Systematic Meta-Analysis
Authors: Bott Antonia , Brockmann Larissa , Denneberg Ivo , Henken Espen , Kuper Niclas , Kruse Felix , Degner Juliane
Published: June 2022

Research suggests that people spontaneously infer traits from behavioral information, thus forming impressions of actors’ personalities. Such spontaneous trait inferences (STI) have been examined in a wide range of studies in the last four decades. Here, we provide the first systematic meta-analysis of this vast literature. We included data from k = 86 publications, with overall N = 13,630 participants. The average STI effect was moderate to large ( dz = 0.59) and showed substantial heterogeneity. The type of experimental paradigm significantly moderated the STI effect size, with larger effects in long-term memory–based paradigms compared with working memory–based paradigms. Generally, STI effects were robust to various methodological variations and also to potential concerns of publication bias. Contrary to expectations, cultural background (independent vs. interdependent) did not emerge as a significant moderator of STI effects. We discuss these findings with respect to their theoretical relevance and derive implications for future research and theorizing.
Deontology and Utilitarianism in Real Life: A Set of Moral Dilemmas Based on Historic Events
Authors: Körner Anita , Deutsch Roland
Published: June 2022

Moral dilemmas are frequently used to examine psychological processes that drive decisions between adhering to deontological norms and optimizing the outcome. However, commonly used dilemmas are generally unrealistic and confound moral principle and (in)action so that results obtained with these dilemmas might not generalize to other situations. In the present research, we introduce new dilemmas that are based on real-life events. In two studies (a European student sample and a North American MTurk sample, total N = 789), we show that the new factual dilemmas were perceived to be more realistic and less absurd than commonly used dilemmas. In addition, factual dilemmas induced higher participant engagement. From this, we draw the preliminary conclusion that factual dilemmas are more suitable for investigating moral cognition. Moreover, factual dilemmas can be used to examine the generalizability of previous results concerning action (vs. inaction) and concerning a wider range of deontological norms.
IT-based regulation of personal health: Nudging, mobile apps and data
Authors: Davidson Elizabeth , Winter Jenifer Sunrise , Chiasson Mike
Published: June 2022

Mobile health applications and devices (“mobile health apps”) play increasingly important roles in the lives of individuals interested in self-regulating their personal health behaviors. While some appear to be simply consumer products and services, many are embedded in regulatory programs aimed at compliance with expert guidelines. In this paper, we draw on de Vaujany et al.’s framework for organizational IT-based regulation systems to consider how systems operate in open and distributed contexts in which actors have strong agency and regulation is indirect and voluntary. To do so, we consider how IT artifacts become embedded in practices, how data are implicated in regulatory feedback loops, and how individual, organizational and technological actors are mobilized and with what regulatory outcomes. We develop an instrumental case study as a vignette of five regulatory episodes (continuous glucose monitoring systems used by persons with diabetes) to examine how expert rules materialized in mobile health apps, data about bodily states, and IT features such as displays and alarms “nudge” individuals towards compliance with self-regulatory guidelines and practices. Through this analysis, we identify two related regulatory affordances of mobile health apps for predicting and surveilling personal health. We theorize how multilevel networks composed of trifecta of rules, IT artifacts, and practices develop as a regulatory lattice through which social regulation is realized. We conclude by considering the broader implications of this analytical approach to study voluntary, data-enriched regulatory systems.
Pathological changes of brain oscillations following ischemic stroke
Authors: Sato Yoshimichi , Schmitt Oliver , Ip Zachary , Rabiller Gratianne , Omodaka Shunsuke , Tominaga Teiji , Yazdan-Shahmorad Azadeh , Liu Jialing
Published: June 2022

Brain oscillations recorded in the extracellular space are among the most important aspects of neurophysiology data reflecting the activity and function of neurons in a population or a network. The signal strength and patterns of brain oscillations can be powerful biomarkers used for disease detection and prediction of the recovery of function. Electrophysiological signals can also serve as an index for many cutting-edge technologies aiming to interface between the nervous system and neuroprosthetic devices and to monitor the efficacy of boosting neural activity. In this review, we provided an overview of the basic knowledge regarding local field potential, electro- or magneto- encephalography signals, and their biological relevance, followed by a summary of the findings reported in various clinical and experimental stroke studies. We reviewed evidence of stroke-induced changes in hippocampal oscillations and disruption of communication between brain networks as potential mechanisms underlying post-stroke cognitive dysfunction. We also discussed the promise of brain stimulation in promoting post stroke functional recovery via restoring neural activity and enhancing brain plasticity.
Diffusion-derived parameters in lesions, peri-lesion and normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis using tensor, kurtosis and fixel-based analysis
Authors: van der Weijden Chris WJ , van der Hoorn Anouk , Potze Jan Hendrik , Renken Remco J , Borra Ronald JH , Dierckx Rudi AJO , Gutmann Ingomar W , Ouaalam Hakim , Karimi Davood , Gholipour Ali , Warfield Simon K , de Vries Erik FJ , Meilof Jan F
Published: June 2022

Neuronal damage is the primary cause of long-term disability of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Assessment of axonal integrity from diffusion MRI parameters might enable better disease characterisation. 16 diffusion derived measurements from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI), and fixel-based analysis (FBA) in lesions, peri-lesion and normal appearing white matter were investigated. Diffusion MRI scans of 11 MS patients were processed to generate DTI, DKI, and FBA images. Fractional anisotropy (FA) and fibre density (FD) were used to assess axonal integrity across brain regions. Subsequently, 359 lesions were identified, and lesion and peri-lesion segmentation was performed using structural T1w, T2w, T2w-FLAIR, and T1w post-contrast MRI. The segmentations were then used to extract 16 diffusion MRI parameters from lesion, peri-lesion, and contralateral normal appearing white matter (NAWM). The measurements for axonal integrity, DTI-FA, DKI-FA, FBA-FD, produced similar results. All diffusion MRI parameters were affected in lesions as compared to NAWM (p < 0.001), confirming loss of axonal integrity in lesions. In peri-lesions, most parameters, except FBA-FD, were also significantly different from NAWM, although the effect size was smaller than in lesions. The reduction in axonal integrity in peri-lesions, despite unaffected fibre density estimates, suggests an effect of Wallerian degeneration.
Prognostic value of PaO2/FiO2, SOFA and D-dimer in elderly patients with sepsis
Authors: Li Tao , Hu Wan-Qin , Li Xian , Zhang Jia-Peng , Tan Li-Zhi , Yu Li-Xia , Gu Hai-Rong , Shi Ze-Ya
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate the prognostic value for predicting mortality of partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2), the Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score and D-dimer in elderly patients with sepsis.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled elderly patients with sepsis admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) between January 2019 and October 2020. Patients were divided into a survival group and a non-survival group. Biomarkers, SOFA, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Glasgow Coma Scale scores were recorded within 24 h after admission to the ICU.

Results

A total of 135 elderly patients with sepsis were enrolled in the study: 89 were in the survival group and 46 were in the non-survival group at 28 days. Univariate and multivariate regression analyses demonstrated that PaO2/FiO2, SOFA and D-dimer were independently associated with 28-day mortality. The predictive performance for mortality of the combination of PaO2/FiO2, SOFA score and D-dimer (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.926) was higher than the values for the individual factors (0.761, 0.745 and 0.878, respectively).

Conclusion

The combination of PaO2/FiO2, SOFA score and D-dimer represents a promising tool and biomarker for predicting 28-day mortality of the elderly patients with sepsis.
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia in a patient receiving chemotherapy for advanced prostatic cancer: a case report
Authors: Tiantian Chen , Jin Yan , Jing Zhang , Jing Feng , Xiaoyan Jin
Published: June 2022

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PJP) in advanced prostatic cancer patients not receiving high-dose glucocorticoids has been reported rarely. A 73-year-old man underwent chemotherapy with cisplatin and docetaxel for advanced prostatic cancer. After nine cycles of chemotherapy, he developed a high fever, dry cough, shortness of breath, and severe fatigue, with rapid-onset hypoxic respiratory failure. Investigations demonstrated bilateral ground-glass opacities with positive bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) for Pneumocystis jirovecii by next-generation sequencings (NGS). The patient recovered well with treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, caspofungin, and corticosteroids. This case report describes a case of PJP in a patient with a solid tumor who did not receive high-dose glucocorticoids and emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
Pralsetinib treatment for multiple RET fusions in lung adenocarcinoma: a case report
Authors: Cao Xiangming , Liu Xiongwei , Wang Simin , Liu Zhen , Ren Xin , Sun Debin , Deng Lichun
Published: June 2022

Despite recent advances in treatments and knowledge of biomarkers, patients with metastatic lung cancer have a 5-year survival rate of 5%. Rearranged during transfection ( RET) fusions occur in 1% to 2% of lung cancer patients. Pralsetinib has been used to treat non-small cell lung cancer with a single RET fusion; however, there have been no reports regarding its use in patients with multiple RET fusions. Genetic mutations in tumor tissues were tested using Amplification Refractory Mutation System-PCR and next-generation sequencing (NGS). Pleural fluids obtained from a male patient with non-small cell lung cancer were also used to detect genetic aberrations by NGS. Pleural fluid-based NGS revealed three RET rearrangements: CCDC6- RET (C2:R12), RET- NRG3 (R11:N3), and CCDC6- RET (C1:R12). All three rearrangements were targeted by pralsetinib, a RET fusion inhibitor. Pralsetinib drastically improved the patient’s condition within 4 days, and a partial response was achieved 1 week after pralsetinib was administered. We report for the first time the important clinical observation of a patient with multiple RET fusions who was effectively treated with pralsetinib.