bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cortical stimulation in pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies
Authors: Ellrich Jens
Published: September 2020

Pharmacoresistance and adverse drug events designate a considerable group of patients with focal epilepsies that require alternative treatments such as neurosurgical intervention and neurostimulation. Electrical or magnetic stimulations of cortical brain areas for the treatment of pharmacoresistant focal epilepsies emerged from preclinical studies and experience through intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in patients. Direct neurostimulation of seizure onset zones in neocortical brain areas may specifically affect neuronal networks involved in epileptiform activity without remarkable adverse influence on physiological cortical processing in immediate vicinity. Noninvasive low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation and cathodal transcranial direct current stimulation are suggested to be anticonvulsant; however, potential effects are ephemeral and require effect maintenance by ongoing stimulation. Invasive responsive neurostimulation, chronic subthreshold cortical stimulation, and epicranial cortical stimulation cover a broad range of different emerging technologies with intracranial and epicranial approaches that still have limited market access partly due to ongoing clinical development. Despite significant differences, the present bioelectronic technologies share common mode of actions with acute seizure termination by high-frequency stimulation and long-term depression induced by low-frequency magnetic or electrical stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation.
Sex-specific variations in phytochemicals and antimicrobial potentiality of Dioscorea
Authors: Paul Chiranjit , Debnath Amal , Chakraborty Kripamoy , Ghosh Sushanta , Bhattacharjee Abhijit , Debnath Bimal
Published: September 2020

Background

The monocotyledonous herbaceous crop Dioscorea is native to tropical and temperate regions of the world. Dioscorea tubers are dioecious in nature, have colossal therapeutic potentiality, and are frequently used in traditional medical practices throughout the world. Most of the research works are aimed to determine the medicinal property, nutritions, antinutrients, and biological activities of Dioscorea spp. without specifying the sexes of Dioscorea which promoted us to carry out this present research work.

Results

Sex-specific variation of phytoconstituents, antioxidants, and antimicrobial efficiency in tubers was appraised. The results obtained from this study divulge existence of significant quantitative variation between the male and female tubers. The female tubers are superior in acquiring phytochemicals compared to male counterparts and acquired maximum antioxidant and antimicrobial potentiality.

Conclusion

This study will offer an apposite baseline for further sex-specific assessment which can be directed towards both qualitative and quantitative amelioration of medicinally important noble compounds by exploiting modern scientific strategies leading to their active participation in nutraceutical industries.
Prostate-Specific Antigen Concentrations in Response to Testosterone Treatment of Severely Hypogonadal Men
Authors: Sachdev Saachi , Cucchiara Andrew J , Snyder Peter J
Published: September 2020

Context

Clinical guidelines recommend measurement of the serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration during testosterone treatment of hypogonadal men to determine whether the increase is sufficiently high to warrant urologic referral. Prior studies of the effect of testosterone treatment on PSA concentrations have been conducted in men who were mildly to moderately hypogonadal.

Objective

The objective of this work is to determine the PSA response to testosterone treatment of men who are severely hypogonadal.

Design and Setting

This retrospective cohort study was conducted at a single academic medical center.

Participants

Eighty-five men participated who were severely hypogonadal as a result hypothalamic-pituitary or testicular disease.

Main Outcome Measure

Changes in serum PSA concentrations were measured during testosterone treatment for up to 18 months.

Results

Testosterone treatment increased the median serum testosterone concentration from 36 ng/dL (interquartile range [IQR], 20-91 ng/dL) at baseline to 395 ng/dL (IQR, 266-542 ng/dL) at 6 to 18 months. This treatment resulted in a median increment in PSA above baseline of 0.70 ng/mL (IQR, 0.10-1.85 ng/mL) at 6 to 18 months. Apropos current Endocrine Society clinical guidelines, 31% of the men experienced a PSA increase above baseline greater than 1.4 ng/mL, and 13% reached an absolute PSA concentration of greater than 4.0 ng/mL. Four men were diagnosed with prostate cancer.

Conclusions

The PSA response to testosterone replacement in men who are severely hypogonadal as a result of pituitary or testicular disease is greater than that previously reported in men with mild to moderate hypogonadism. These results suggest the magnitude of the PSA response to testosterone replacement is related to the degree of hypogonadism.
Estimation of parameters in the extended growth curve model with a linearly structured covariance matrix
Authors: Nzabanita Joseph , Rosen Dietrich von , Singull Martin
Published: September 2020

In this paper the extended growth curve model with two terms and a linearly structured covariance matrix is considered. We propose an estimation procedure that handles linearly structured covariance matrices. The idea is first to estimate the covariance matrix when finding the inner product in a regression space and thereafter re-estimate it when it should be interpreted as a dispersion matrix. This idea is exploited by decomposing the residual space, the orthogonal complement to the design space, into three orthogonal subspaces. Studying residuals obtained from projections of observations on these subspaces yields explicit consistent estimators of the covariance matrix. An explicit consistent estimator of the mean is also proposed and numerical examples are given.
On estimation of loss distributions and risk measures
Authors: Käärik Meelis , Žegulova Anastassia
Published: September 2020

The estimation of certain loss distribution and analyzing its properties is a key issue in several finance mathematical and actuarial applications. It is common to apply the tools of extreme value theory and generalized Pareto distribution in problems related to heavy-tailed data.

Our main goal is to study third party liability claims data obtained from Estonian Traffic Insurance Fund (ETIF). The data is quite typical for insurance claims containing very many observations and being heavy-tailed. In our approach the fitting consists of two parts: for main part of the distribution we use lognormal fit (which was the most suitable based on our previous studies) and a generalized Pareto distribution is used for the tail. Main emphasis of the fitting techniques is on the proper threshold selection. We seek for stability of parameter estimates and study the behaviour of risk measures at a wide range of thresholds. Two related lemmas will be proved.
COVID-19 and the lawfulness of bulk do not attempt resuscitation orders
Authors: Griffith Richard
Published: September 2020

Richard Griffith, Senior Lecturer in Health Law at Swansea University, discusses the lawfulness of instructions to issue bulk do not attempt resuscitation orders during the COVID19 pandemic
Providing end-of-life care in a Nightingale hospital
Authors: Oliver Lauren
Published: September 2020

Lauren Oliver, formerly Clinical Nurse Advisor, NHS Nightingale North West, outlines the challenges faced by staff in providing good-quality end-of-life care for patients in a temporary hospital during the initial peak of the COVID-19 pandemic
Benefits of mindful compassion for staff, patients and carers
Authors: Lowson Paula
Published: September 2020

Aims and objective:

This study intended to examine the long-term effect on the emotional wellbeing and behaviour change of staff, patients and carers who attended a one-day Macmillan course on mindful compassion.

Methods:

People who attended mindful compassion study days in 2016 and 2017 were invited to participate in an online questionnaire in 2019.

Results:

Nearly 50% (99) of the 200 people who received the invitation completed the survey. Immediately after the course, 38.78% practised mindful compassion as and when required, 28.57% practised when possible, 15.31% practised daily, 13.27% practised 3–4 times a week and 3.5% were not practising. More than half (56%) used mindful compassion to help with home and work life, relationships and family. Two or three years after the course, when asked again, 15.31% of those who answered still practised daily, 11.22% practised 3–4 times a week, 23.47% practised as and when possible and 42.86% did so as needed; 7.14% had not continued practising.

Conclusion:

Training in mindful compassion benefits patients and carers. In both the short and long terms, mindful compassion was found to reduce anxiety, aid sleep, improve pain management and help people feel more empowered, calm and relaxed. It also helped people cope with stressful situations, gave them time for themselves and enabled them to become much more focused.
Patient satisfaction with patient-led follow-up for endometrial cancer
Authors: Sharma Tanisha , Sharma Sandeep , Eastwood Jodie , Jackson Ros , Wells Janey
Published: September 2020

Background:

The 5-year hospital follow-up after treatment for endometrial cancer can increase anxiety for patients and not directly pick up cancer recurrence.

Aims:

The aim of this study was to assess patient satisfaction with a patient-led follow-up and identify cancer recurrence.

Methods:

This study population was 104 women with early uterine cancer who had undergone surgery. They were given information regarding symptoms suspicious for recurrence and started on a patient-led follow-up, which included a yearly phone call from the nursing team, and a questionnaire was completed.

Findings:

Most patients (92%) scored ≥9 on the 10-point satisfaction survey. Nine women came back to the clinic for pain or bleeding. There was no recurrence of cancer in this study population.

Conclusion:

Patients are satisfied with a patient-led, telephone follow-up. This data has influenced a change in the regional Cancer Alliance guidance on cancer follow-up emphasising risk stratification.
Overt hepatic encephalopathy: management and prevention of recurrence
Authors: Sweeney Elizabeth , Richardson Paul
Published: September 2020

Most patients with overt hepatic encephalopathy are managed in an acute hospital setting. The mainstays of treatment are non-absorbable disaccharides, To prevent a recurrence, and thus further hospital admission, the focus is on identifying and avoiding precipitants, optimising nutrition and prescribing medication including rifaximin-α * †
Growth and yield response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Tuktuk) from different source materials applied with liquid biofertilizers
Authors: Purba Jhon Hardy , WAHYUNI PUTU SRI , ZULKARNAEN ZULKARNAEN , SASMITA NANANG , YUNITI I GUSTI AYU DIAH , PANDAWANI NI PUTU
Published: September 2020

Abstract. Purba JH, Wahyuni PS, Zulkarnaen, Sasmita N, Yuniti IGD, Pandawani NP. 2020. Growth and yield response of shallot (Allium ascalonicum L. var. Tuktuk) from different source materials applied with liquid biofertilizers. Biodiversitas 21: 127-133. This research was to examine growth and yield of shallots using different sources of propagation material, namely true shallot seed (TSS) and bulbs. Soil biological fertility, which was generally low, was improved by the addition of liquid organic fertilizer. The purpose of this study a) to determine the differences in the propagation of plants from seeds and bulbs of shallot Tuktuk varieties, and b) to determine the effect of liquid biofertilizer maxigrow and rhizobacteria. The study used a one-factor randomized design. The results showed that the growth and yield of shallots propagated with bulbs were better than the origin of the seeds. The treatment of the two types of liquid biofertilizer produces tangible growth and yield, but there was no significant difference between the two kinds of liquid organic fertilizer.
Photons to the left, photons to the right, photons down under: editorial
Authors: Carney P. Scott
Published: September 2020

Editor-in-Chief P. Scott Carney introduces the Journal’s newest Topical
Editor, Arti Agrawal.
Vibrational Spectroscopic Analysis of 10H-Dibenzo[b,e][2,4]oxazine and Investigate
their Structural Reactivity by DFT Computations and Molecular Docking Analysis
Authors: Beatrice M. Latha , Delphine S. Mary , Amalanathan M. , Robert H. Marshan
Published: September 2020

The molecular structure and vibrational spectra of 10H-dibenzo[b,e][2,4]oxazine was calculated with
the help of B3LYP density functional theory (DFT) using 6-311G (d,p) basis set. The FT-IR and
FT-Raman spectra of title compound were interpreted by comparing the experimental results with the
theoretical B3LYP/6-311G (d,p) calculations. The experimental observed vibrational frequencies are
compared with the calculated vibrational frequencies and they are in good agreement with each other.
Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis interprets the intramolecular contacts of title molecule. The 1H
and 13C NMR chemical movements of the particle have been determined by the gauge independent
atomic orbital (GIAO) strategy and contrasted with the experimental outcome. The deciphered HOMO
and LUMO energies showed the chemical stability of the molecules. Fukui capacity and natural charge
investigation on atomic charges of the title molecule have been discussed. Docking reads were performed
for title molecule utilizing the molecular docking programming with fungicidal dynamic PDB’s.
Glittering ZnO/Ag/MnO Nano Superstructures for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Shubha J.P. , Priyadharshini S. Shwetha , Jayadev S.
Published: September 2020

ZnO/Ag/MnO ternary heterostructure nanomaterials have been synthesized via cost effective green
route using zinc nitrate, manganese acetate and silver nitrate as oxidizers and perished curd as a fuel.
The obtained ZnO/Ag/MnO nanomaterials are analyzed using Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD),
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), morphological studies by scanning electron microscopy
(FESEM), internal structure by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Both PXRD and FESEM
techniques were used to confirm the formation of particles and flakes composition of ZnO/Ag/MnO
nanomaterials. Photocatalytic activity of ZnO/Ag/MnO was assessed by varying light source, hydrogen
ion concentration, amount of catalyst and amount of dye. The ZnO/Ag/MnO nanoparticles exhibited
an enhanced photodegradation of methylene blue dye under visible light.
Study of Organization and Dynamics of Multi-Tryptophan Protein Molecules Utilizing Red Edge Excitation Shift Approach
Authors: Molla Anisur R. , Mandal Pritha
Published: September 2020

A shift in the fluorescence emission maxima with gradual increase in excitation wavelength is termed as red edge excitation shift (REES). Tryptophan residues are widely utilized as intrinsic fluorescence probe to investigate the protein structures. Wavelength selective tryptophan fluorescence can explore the dynamics of surrounded water molecules, the ubiquitous biological solvent. Thus REES experiment of various protein conformational states can provide significant input to the study of protein folding pathway and it can also be useful to study interaction of proteins with others. In this review article, we shall focus on red edge effect of various multi-tryptophan proteins in their respective native, intermediate and denatured state.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Diorganotin(IV)
Complexes Synthesized from 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives
Authors: Yadav Jyoti , Devi Jai
Published: September 2020

Novel diorganotin(IV) complexes were synthesized from 1,2,4-triazole Schiff base ligands which
were synthesized by reaction between the 4-amino-5-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-thiol and salicyaldehyde
derivatives. The bonding and geometry of the diorganotin(IV) complexes were evaluated by using
different spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, mass, 1H, 13C & 119Sn NMR. The different
spectroscopic techniques revealed the tridentate (ONS) mode of chelation of Schiff base ligands and
pentacoordinated environment around the central tin metal which was satisfied with azomethine
nitrogen, phenolic oxygen, thiolic sulfur and metal-carbon bond of alkyl/aryl group. The Schiff base
ligands and their organotin(IV) complexes were tested for their in vitro antimicrobial and antioxidant
activities to examine the biological outline of complexes in comparison to standard drugs. The results
of activities data revealed that diorganotin(IV) complexes are more active than Schiff base ligands and
some diorganotin(IV) complexes are even more active than the standard drugs. In all the synthesized
complexes, compound 9 (Bu2SnL2) and 10 (Ph2SnL2) were most potent and can be used in future
clinical trials.
Osteogenic Differentiation, Antibacterial Activity and Biocompatibility of Zinc Oxide
Minerals Substituted Hydroxyapatite Composite Coating on Titanium Alloy for
Electrodeposition Technique
Authors: Santha C. , Sathishkumar S. , Sivakumar S. , Sridevi C. , Kamaraj A.
Published: September 2020

In present work, ZnO/Ce, Ag-HAP composite coating on titanium alloy is developed using
electrodeposition technique. The surface characteristics of composite coatings were investigated by
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX). The synthesized composite
coatings showed the better antibacterial activity. in vitro Cell viability and osteogenic differentiation
of the coatings was also studied by MC3T3-E1 human osteoblastic cell lines. The composite coating
was found to be non-toxic against MC3T3-E1 cell lines at different incubation day proved the excellent
bioactive of these coatings.
Autoimmunity Features in Patients With Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity
Authors: Mansueto Pasquale , Soresi Maurizio , Candore Giuseppina , Garlisi Chiara , Fayer Francesca , Gambino Caterina Maria , La Blasca Francesco , Seidita Aurelio , D'Alcamo Alberto , Lo Sasso Bruna , Florena Ada Maria , Geraci Girolamo , Caio Giacomo , Volta Umberto , De Giorgio Roberto , Ciaccio Marcello , Carroccio Antonio
Published: September 2020

INTRODUCTION:

Nonceliac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) is characterized by intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations consequent to wheat ingestion in subjects without celiac disease and wheat allergy. Few studies investigated the relationship between NCWS and autoimmunity. The aim of this study is to evaluate the frequency of autoimmune diseases (ADs) and autoantibodies in patients with NCWS.

METHODS:

Ninety-one patients (13 men and 78 women; mean age of 40.9 years) with NCWS, recruited in a single center, were included. Seventy-six healthy blood donors (HBD) and 55 patients with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) unrelated to NCWS served as controls. Autoantibodies levels were measured. Human leukocyte antigen haplotypes were determined, and duodenal histology performed in all patients carrying the DQ2/DQ8 haplotypes. Participants completed a questionnaire, and their medical records were reviewed to identify those with ADs.

RESULTS:

Twenty-three patients with NCWS (25.3%) presented with ADs; autoimmune thyroiditis (16 patients, 17.6%) was the most frequent. The frequency of ADs was higher in patients with NCWS than in HBD (P = 0.002) and in patients with IBS (P = 0.05). In the NCWS group, antinuclear antibodies tested positive in 71.4% vs HBD 19.7%, and vs patients with IBS 21.8% (P < 0.0001 for both). The frequency of extractable nuclear antigen antibody (ENA) positivity was significantly higher in patients with NCWS (21.9%) than in HBD (0%) and patients with IBS (3.6%) (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.004, respectively). Among the patients with NCWS, 9.9% tested positive for antithyroglobulin, 16.5% for antithyroid peroxidase, and 14.3% for antiparietal cell antibodies; frequencies were not statistically different from controls. The presence of ADs was related to older age at NCWS diagnosis, female sex, duodenal lymphocytosis, and eosinophil infiltration.

DISCUSSION:

One in 4 patients with NCWS suffered from AD, and serum antinuclear antibodies were positive in a very high percentage of cases. These data led us to consider NCWS to be associated to ADs.
Eksperimentasi Permainan Bisik Berantai dalam Meningkatkan Maharah Istima dan Kalam Siswa Kelas VIII MTs Nurul Ummah Kotagede Yogyakarta
Authors: Eka Utari Handayani  , Nurul Huda
Published: September 2020

The background of this research is the low value of istima' maharah scores and kalam in Arabic lessons at MTs Nurul Ummah related to the creativity of teachers' creativity in teaching, there is no training on four language proficiency, teacher development, and methods used by conventional method teachers. The purpose of this study was to study the increase in the value of maharah istima' and kalam with serial whisper games and the difference in values ​​between the experimental class and the control class. This research is field research using quantitative research and experimental methods. The results of this study prove an increase in istima' maharah scores and kalam in the experimental class from pre-action and post-action. Measurement results of istima' maharah pretest and posttest 'Increase the average value of 25.83. On increasing, maharah kalam increased by 25. The results of the analysis can be concluded from the whisper chain game can increase maharah istima' and kalam. Based on the results of the t-test, the value (maharah istima') sig. (2-tailed) = 0.008 so the value of sig. (2-tailed) <0.050 and the value of kalam maharah based on 0,000, so the value of sig (2-tailed) <0.050, which means that it is meant by significant for istima' maharah and kalam maharah after giving assistance with serial whisper media.
Pengembangan Media Construct 2 dalam Pembelajaran Qira’ah di Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri 1 Yogyakarta
Authors: Rohman Habibur
Published: September 2020

This research development aims to find out how to make media construct 2 in learning qirā'ah at MTs N 1 Yogyakarta and to find out how students respond to media construct 2. This media research uses the R&D research model of Borg and Gall which consists of 10 steps: potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revisions, product trials, product revisions, trial usage, product revisions, and mass production. The procedure of this research is limited to the testing phase of usage. This product was reviewed by supervisors, material experts, media experts and peers (peer reviewers) and responded by 31 MTs N 1 Yogyakarta students. The instrument used in the form of a questionnaire to see product quality and student questionnaire responses to see students' responses to the product. Research results and responses in the form of quantitative data, then analyzed with assessment criteria and percentage of ideals to determine product quality. The results of research development in the form of instructional media construct 2. Based on the results of the assessment, according to experts construct media 2 in learning qirā'ah has a very good quality with a percentage of ideals 83.16%. While the response generated according to 31 students is 81.5%. From the results of the assessment, it can be concluded that media construct 2 is feasible and can be used as a learning medium.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN APLIKASI KAHOOT TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR BAHASA ARAB SISWA KELAS X MAN 4 KEBUMEN
Authors: Aulia Karima Zuhda Utami  , Dudung Hamdun
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the difference between the motivation of learning Arabic experimental class (which uses the kahoot application) and the control class (not using the kahoot application) in class X MAN 4 Kebumen. This research is a quasi experimental research. The research sample was taken by purposive sampling technique and class X IPA 1 was taken as a control group and class X IPA 2 as an experimental group. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire, observation and documentation. The instrument validity test was performed using the product moment correlation formula. Reliability test using the Cronbach Alpha formula. Data analysis was performed with prerequisite test analysis and hypothesis testing. The results showed that there were significant differences between the motivation of learning Arabic in the control class and the experimental class. This is indicated by the significance value in the t test of 0.018 <0.05. The average post-test of the experimental class is higher than the average of the post-test of the control class (98,735> 92,363).

Keywords: Kahoot Application, Motivation, Arabic Learning
La nuit urbaine, un espace-temps complexe entre opportunités et inégalités
Authors: Jeanmougin Hélène , Giordano Emanuele
Published: September 2020

L’appropriation de la nuit urbaine par des activités économiques, sociales et culturelles a connu au XXe siècle une accélération sans précédent. L’intérêt croissant des sciences sociales pour cet objet de recherche a permis de mieux connaître les dyna- miques caractérisant l’évolution de l’espace-temps nocturne dans les différentes parties du globe. Cette introduction souligne la nécessité de poursuivre l’exploration de cet espace-temps complexe. Ce numéro, en réunissant des contributions de différentes disciplines et sur des régions géographiques variées, propose de lier tendances globales et spécificités locales qui (re)configurent la nuit urbaine dans la ville contemporaine. Les apports de ces contributions sont présentés et articulés autour de quatre axes : lieux et usages différenciés des pratiques nocturnes, attractivité et conflits, inégalités nocturnes, méthodologies des enquêtes sur la nuit.
La Biologisation du social. Discours et pratiques - S. Lemerle, C. Reynaud-Paligot (dir.), 2017.
Authors: Ollivier Florence
Published: September 2020

Recensé : Sébastien Lemerle, Carole Reynaud-Paligot (dir.), La Biologisation du social. Discours et pratiques, Nanterre, Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre, 2017 (« Frontières de l’humain »), 238 p.
Ontologies du corps - J-M Brohm, 2017
Authors: Duteil-Olgata Fabienne
Published: September 2020

Recensé : Jean-Marie Brohm, Ontologies du corps, Nanterre, Presses universitaires de Paris Nanterre (Collection Libellus), 2017, 546 p.
Eficácia da barreira intracanal contra ainfiltração microbiana em dentes preparados para pino intrarradicular
Authors: Vieira Adalberto Ramos , Amaral Rodrigo Rodrigues , Da-Silva Rafaela Reis , Fernandes Daniel Guião , Villalobos Maria Isabel de Oliveira e Brito , Alvarez-Leite Maria Eugênia , Silveira Frank Ferreira , Côrtes Maria Ilma de Souza , Nunes Eduardo
Published: September 2020

Introdução: Pinos intrarradiculares são recomendados para melhorar a retenção de coroas artificiais e distribuir forças intrabucais ao longo da raiz. Se o espaço criado pela remoção parcial da obturação não for preenchido adequadamente, pode ocorrer uma infiltração maciça de microrganismos da cavidade bucal. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a eficácia contra a infiltração bacteriana de uma barreira intracanal colocada diretamente sobre o remanescente da obturação do canal radicular, após o preparo de espaço para o pino. Métodos: Setenta e dois dentes humanos unirradiculares foram instrumentados, obturados e divididos aleatoriamente em três grupos experimentais e dois grupos controle. O grupo 1 não recebeu tratamento adicional após a obturação e o preparo do espaço, enquanto os Grupos 2 e 3 receberam uma barreira composta por material de selamento temporário com 1,0 e 2,0 mm de espessura, respectiva- mente. Uma cultura de Enterococcus faecalis foi inoculada nos espaços preparados para receber o pino intrarradicular, a cada três dias, por um período de 60 dias. A infiltração foi avaliada diariamente pela turbidade do meio de cultura. Resultados e Conclusão: Houve infiltração bacteriana nos três grupos experimentais, sendo significativamente maior e ocorrendo mais rapidamente no G1 (p<0,05), em comparação aos G2 e G3. Houve infiltração em todos os grupos controles positivos; porém, nenhuma infiltração foi observada nos grupos controles negativos. Não foi encontrada diferença significativa (p>0,05) entre o G2 e o G3, em relação à taxa e ao período de infiltração. Pode-se concluir que a barreira reduziu a incidência de infiltração e atrasou o tempo de ocorrência.
Remoção de obturações endodônticas de Endosequence BC/CPoint em canais radiculares curvos usando instrumentos rotatórios ou reciprocantes
Authors: Faria Raquel , Freire Laila Gonzales , Iglecias Elaine Faga , Grazziotin-Soares Renata , Ardenghi Diego Machado , Gavini Giulio , Grecca Fabiana , Barletta Fernando Branco
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O presente estudo usou micro-CT para avaliar a quantidade de material obturador remanescente em canais radiculares curvos que tinham sido obturados com cimento Endosequence BC/Cpoint ou com cimento AH/ guta-percha, depois do retratamento utilizando instrumentos rotatórios ou reciprocantes. Métodos: Sessenta canais mesiovestibulares de molares superiores foram instrumentados até MTwo #35.04. As amostras foram randomicamente alocadas em quatro grupos (n=15): os canais do G1 e G2 foram obturados com AH/guta-percha, e os canais do G3 e G4 foram obturados com BC/Cpoint. O material obturador foi removido usando instrumentos rotatórios ou reciprocantes – G1 e G3: R25 Reciproc + reinstrumentação com R40; e G2 e G4: Sistema ProTaper Universal Retratamento + reinstrumentação com MTwo 40.06. Micro-CTs foram usadas para medir a quantidade de material obturador remanescente (mm3 ) para o canal inteiro e para cada terço, em dois momentos: 1) após a remoção do material obturador; e 2) após a reinstrumentação. Resultados: Após a remoção do material obturador, BC/CPoint permaneceu mais dentro do canal do que AH/guta-percha quando o canal inteiro (29,92% x 19,25%, p=0,0290) e o terço apical foram analisados. Após a reinstrumentação, BC/CPoint permaneceu mais do que AH/guta-percha somente no terço apical. Protocolos de tratamento com instrumentos rotatórios ou reciprocantes removeram material obturador sem diferença para AH/guta-percha (G1 e G2: p> 0,05) e BC/CPoint (G3 e G4: p> 0,05). Conclusões: BC/Cpoint é mais difícil de ser removido de canais radiculares curvos do que AH/guta-percha. Instrumentos rotatórios e reciprocantes têm habilidade similar na remoção de material obturador.
Eficácia de três protocolos de irrigação final para remoção de raspas dentinárias e material obturador em irregularidades simuladas
Authors: Nascimento Angela Longo do , Mendes Aline Teixeira , Tietz Lilian , Silva Paula Barcellos , Duarte Pedro Henrique Marks , Rosa Ricardo Abreu da , Villa Natália , Só Marcus Vinícius Reis
Published: September 2020

Objetivos: Avaliar três protocolos de irrigação final para remoção de detritos e material obturador de istmos simulados. Métodos: Setenta e oito pré-molares foram preparados com o sistema WaveOne Gold 45.05. Os dentes foram seccionados longitudinalmente e um istmo padronizado foi confeccionado no terço apical. Seis raízes foram utilizadas como controle negativo. Os espécimes foram randomizados em dois grupos principais (n=36). Trinta e seis raízes tiveram o istmo preenchido com detritos e as outras trinta e seis raízes foram obturadas com guta-percha e cimento endodôntico, por meio da técnica híbrida de Tagger. Cada grupo foi dividido em três subgrupos (n=12), de acordo com o protocolo de irrigação final: Easy Clean; irrigação ultrassônica passiva (PUI); e XP Clean. A ativação do NaOCl 2,5% pelo Easy Clean foi realizada em três ciclos de vinte se- gundos; e pelo XP Clean, por um minuto em movimento reciprocante e contínuo, respectivamente. No grupo PUI, o irrigante foi ativado em três períodos de vinte segundos. Resultados: Não foi encontrada associação entre os escores de remoção de detritos e os protocolos de irrigação (p=0,165). Foi observada associação entre os escores de remoção do material obturador e os protocolos de irrigação final (p<0,05). Conclusões: Os protocolos de irrigação final foram efetivos para a remoção de detritos, mas não para remoção de material obturador de istmos no terço apical.
Descoloração da coroa após obturação endodôntica com diferentes cimentos: estudo clínico
Authors: Demenech Luciana Stadler , De-Freitas Jéssica Vavassori , Gonzaga Carla Castiglia , Leonardi Denise Piotto , Baratto-Filho Flares , Tomazinho Flávia Sens Fagundes , Garbado Marilisa Carneiro Leão
Published: September 2020

Objetivo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar clinicamente a descoloração da coroa dentária após obturação do canal radicular com diferentes cimentos endodônticos. Métodos: Trinta e dois dentes foram tratados endodonticamente e obturados com AH Plus (AHP), Endofill (END), MTA Fillapex (MTA) ou Sealer 26 (SEA), divididos em oito pacientes por grupo. O registro das cores foi realizado com um espectrofotômetro antes da intervenção (T0 ), aos 30 (T1 ) e aos 90 dias após a intervenção (T2 ). As avaliações foram feitas no centro da coroa dentária e a variação de cor (ΔE) foi calculada por meio da Commission International de l’Eclai- rage (CIE) L*a*b. Um operador, especialista em Endodontia, realizou os procedimentos clínicos. Os dados foram submetidos a medidas repetidas ANOVA e teste de Tukey (Δ=5%). Resultados: Não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa na variação de cores entre os cimentos (AHP ΔE=4,11; END ΔE = 6,34; SEA ΔE = 8,77 e MTA ΔE = 12,15), p>0,05. Porém, houve diferença entre os períodos analisados (T1ΔE= 5,65; T2 ΔE = 10,02). Conclusões: Dentro das limitações deste estudo, todos os cimentos endodônticos causaram alterações cromáticas clinicamente perceptíveis na coroa dentária. No entanto, o AH Plus promoveu menos alterações cromáticas na coroa dentária.
Obraz Wołochów w piśmiennictwie Jana Długosza
Authors: Obara-Pawłowska Anna
Published: September 2020

Starting from the 14th century the the common border between Poland and Wallachia had a twofold dimension. On the one hand, after the annexation of the Ruthenian lands by Casimir the Great, Poland was directly bordering on Moldova, inhabited by the Vlachs, which together with the nearby Wallachia was becoming the subject of increasingly active diplomatic interventions of the Kingdom of Poland. On the other hand, however, the mountainous regions of southern Poland were a place where the groups of Vlachs settled, intermingled and, and co-existed with the Polish and Ruthenian population. As can be guessed, these circumstances resulted in an increased interest in the Wallachian people and a search for the basic information about this ethnic group by the representatives of the Polish political and intellectual elites. The purpose of the paper is to describe the opinions on Vlachs which can be found in the works of Jan Długosz, one of the most prominent chroniclers of the 15th century. The paper presents the opinions of this historian on such issues as: the origin of the Wallachian population, the circumstances of their emergence in the Slavic lands, religious relations, activities and typical Wallachian professions, and finally, the qualities which distinguished this nation.
Family Chodecki and the Moldavian expedition from 1509
Authors: Niemczyk Katarzyna
Published: September 2020

This article refers to the problem of the relations between Kingdom of Poland and Moldova, especially to the 1509-year conflict and the role the Chodecki’s family played in it. Bogdan III – hospodar of Moldova who was desperately trying to find an ally, was able to give Pokuttya back to Poland in exchange for Polish agreement for his marriage with king’s sister Elisabeth. The mother and namesake of the latter - Elisabeth Habsburg didn’t accept this proposal. Bogdan however counted on support from Stefan of Chodcza. As a result of conducted negotiations the former got Pokuttya back to Poland. However, he didn’t receive Elisabeth’s hand. Bogdan blamed Stanislaw of Chodcza for this failure. The 1509 expedition was meant as revenge not only on Poland but also on Chodecki’s family.
The governance of global forest statistics: case study on forest products trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and China
Authors: Zhao Y. , Krott Y.M. , Ongolo S.
Published: September 2020

What drives discrepancies and inconsistencies in global forest statistics? The use of global statistics has influenced academic research and sectoral policies of forest ecosystems since the first global forest assessment was conducted in 1948 or even earlier. Very little work has been
done to provide a comprehensive analysis of the governance structure and the quality of predominant international forest databases. Furthermore, very little is known about the attractiveness and/or repulsiveness of global forest statistics platforms to scholars, policy-makers and other users.
To reduce knowledge gap, this article examines the governance structure and strategies of three major databases which provide data on global forest products trade including timber export/import flows data, namely FAOSTAT, the United Nations Comtrade, and Chatham House's Resource Trade Earth.
This paper uses conceptual and theoretical frameworks of data governance and nudge theories are used to study the production, quality, attractiveness and repulsiveness of global forest statistics and the related platforms through research on a qualitative and quantitative methodological approach.
The main findings show that among the above three data platforms, only Comtrade received first-hand data directly from UN producing member states' offices, while the other organisations depend on Comtrade, transform second-hand data. More importantly, the article reveals that
the levels of quality and attractiveness of the forest databases in our study are unequal and that database attractiveness is not based on quality. As a result, global forest statistics providers may be motivated to put more effort into improving database attractiveness rather than quality,
which is more challenging. Consequently, it is likely that the governance structure and strategies reported in these databases can substantially affect the reliability of numbers used in academic research and policy-decisions since they are generated from the related global forest statistics.
State-community relations and deliberative politics within federal forest governance in Nepal
Authors: Pokharel K. , Karki R. , Ojha H.R. , Gentle P. , Acharya D. , Banjade M. , Paudel D.
Published: September 2020

Despite widespread participatory governance reforms in the forest sector in Nepal, how forest administration can be re-organised at multiple levels to enable community based forest management remains unexplored. Forest governance reforms in Nepal have involved numerous forms of collaboration
and contestation between the state agencies and community-based forest stakeholders in the rapidly evolving federalist political context. Analysing an empirical case of community forestry in Nepal, this paper shows how state agencies and communities interact in the process of controlling and
managing forest resources. It is argued in the paper that instituting deliberative processes in multi-level governance structure is a key to the functioning of a well-devolved forest governance. With the nation already adopting a new federal system of governance, it is crucial to clearly define
the authorities of the federal, provincial and local level administrations. We also argue that the need for creating institutions and spaces for deliberative engagement between forest dependent community groups and the public administration is at an all-time high for achieving accountability
and more effective forest governance. The future of Nepal's forestry and people living around forest resources depend to a large extent on how powers are shared by different levels of governments, and how these governments interact with one another, and with people and civil societies in their
respective domains of governance.
Developing small-scale bamboo enterprises for livelihoods and environmental restoration in Benishangul-Gumuz Regional State, Ethiopia
Authors: Boissière M. , Atmadja S. , Benmakhlouf S. , Beyessa M. , Kassa H. , Hunde T. , Assefa F.
Published: September 2020

We document the perceptions, practices and policy options in managing lowland bamboo [Oxytenanthera abyssinica] in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State (BGRS) in Ethiopia, particularly to enable small-scale enterprises (SSE) to become more active in this field. This region hosts
the largest extent of natural bamboo forests in Ethiopia. There is a recent push to realize bamboo's economic and environmental potential in Ethiopia, which puts SSEs as crucial actors. There is little or scattered published information on local perceptions and practices surrounding natural
bamboo forest management and options for realizing bamboo's potential from a subnational/local perspective in Africa, including in Ethiopia. In 2018, we conducted a literature review, spatial analysis, participatory mapping, and interviewed experts working in governmental and non-governmental
organizations and local stakeholders in BGRS. We find some consensus of the environmental importance of bamboo. In contrast, there is some debate at the subnational level about the economic importance of bamboo, leading to decisions favouring other land uses. Bamboo forests in this region
suffer neglect, as they are perceived to be 'owned by no one and used by everyone' and will continue to be there without management. Lack of market-driven opportunities, bamboo-specific training among foresters, data on economic contributions of bamboo, and regulations or guidelines to support
existing laws have prevented effective management of the bamboo resource. There are multiple bamboo management approaches that open economic opportunities for SSEs in the region. There needs to be more clarity on how to secure land use rights over bamboo forests, accessible financing, market
linkages, business training, and low-tech/low-cost technologies to encourage the development of bamboo SSEs.
Completely positive maps of order zero on pro-𝐶∗-algebras
Authors: Joiţa Maria
Published: September 2020

We extend the definition of order zero maps to the setting of pro-

C
*

{C^{*}}

-algebras and generalize structure theorems of order zero maps between

C
*

{C^{*}}

-algebras to strongly bounded order zero maps between pro-

C
∗

{C^{\ast}}

-algebras.
An application to tensor products is included.
Effect of varietal differences on the oral processing behavior and bolus properties of cooked rice
Authors: Sethupathy Priyanka , Sivakamasundari S. K. , Moses Jeyan. A. , Anandharamakrishnan Chinnaswamy
Published: September 2020

This research explored the impact of in-vivo oral processing on the bolus properties of three rice varieties [white ponni (WP), mappillai samba (MS), and basmati (B)] that were selected based on variations in the amylose content. The amylose and dry matter content of the WP, MS, and B were 4.67, 7.48, and 13.8(%) and 69.57, 60.09, and 70.47(%), respectively. Mastication features (bite-size, chewing time, and chew cycles), bolus properties (particle size distribution, bolus moisture content, rheology, and starch hydrolysis), time-dependent bolus features (rate of incorporation of saliva and saliva content) and, temporal dominance of sensation (TDS) of cooked rice were studied. Results confirmed the significance of oral processing on various bolus characteristics. Moreover, a pronounced correlation between the morphology of rice varieties and mastication features was observed. The structure and textural characteristics of the different rice varieties (MS, WP, B) showed considerable effects on the consumption time (25.7 s, 22.2 s, 17.8 s) and chewing cycles (34, 31, 23). Rate of saliva incorporation was relatively lesser for MS as compared with WP and B. Solid loss followed the trends WP > MS > B. The total starch content of cooked rice boluseswas WP (82.69 ± 0.01%), MS (79.49 ± 0.01%), and B (71.74 ± 0.01%). Further, texture – TDS and flavor – TDS of all varieties were found to be strongly dependent on textural attributes, composition, and oro-sensory perception. This study provides a significant understanding of the oral processing behavior of rice and its bolus, considering the effect of variations in amylose content, texture, and morphology.
Japanese intercultural communication hindrances in business environment: Case studies with Polish counterparts
Authors: Nukui Hiroki
Published: September 2020

Japan has been facing with paradigm shift necessity in terms of the demographic structure, globalizing business and technology revolution, and as its consequence, also with deficiency of human resources with global literacy. The Japanese government has established a new strategy aiming to develop and foster “Global Human Resources” with high language and communication skills capable for international operations. Analyses of the literature on Japanese sociocultural behavioral characteristics and empirical case studies carried out in Poland with pragmatics approach in this paper reveal that honorifics regarded as a technical layer of interaction management and Japanese habitus consisting of uchi/soto behavioral scheme, unique uchi-codex are causes of interaction failure. These features make Japanese uchi-group ethnocentric and almost impossible for a non-Japanese to assimilate themselves to the uchi-codex. Neither a foreign speaker’s high level of proficiency of the Japanese language nor their good knowledge on Japanese culture itself guarantee successful communication and interaction in the Japanese business sector without their practical ability and endeavors to apply this Japanese behavioral scheme even partially. The whole sociocultural and behavioral discrepancy or this incompatibility of Japanese behavioral scheme to other cultures seems to keep the Japanese away from achieving Human Resources with global literacy.
Recent progress in engineering the Casimir effect – applications to nanophotonics, nanomechanics, and chemistry
Authors: Gong Tao , Corrado Matthew R. , Mahbub Ahmed R. , Shelden Calum , Munday Jeremy N.
Published: September 2020

Quantum optics combines classical electrodynamics with quantum mechanics to describe how light interacts with material on the nanoscale, and many of the tricks and techniques used in nanophotonics can be extended to this quantum realm. Specifically, quantum vacuum fluctuations of electromagnetic fields experience boundary conditions that can be tailored by the nanoscopic geometry and dielectric properties of the involved materials. These quantum fluctuations give rise to a plethora of phenomena ranging from spontaneous emission to the Casimir effect, which can all be controlled and manipulated by changing the boundary conditions for the fields. Here, we focus on several recent developments in modifying the Casimir effect and related phenomena, including the generation of torques and repulsive forces, creation of photons from vacuum, modified chemistry, and engineered material functionality, as well as future directions and applications for nanotechnology.