bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Basic Interaction, Communication, Team Building, and Problem-solving Skills of Primary School Students in Marching Band Activities
Authors: Altaftazani Deden Herdiana , Rahayu Galih Dani Septiyan , Kelana Jajang Bayu
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the importance of social skills for elementary school students. Social skills are abilities that must be possessed by every individual to function well in their social environment. Social skills must be instilled through the stages of learning and habituation. One of the approaches to instill social skills is through marching band activities. This research aimed at finding out how marching band activities can emerge and develop students' social skills. This research used a qualitative approach with a case study research design. Three ways of collecting data were used to obtain data, which are interviews, observation, and documentation. As a result, marching band activities can bring up various social skills of students, including basic interaction skill, basic communication skill, team or group building skill, and problem-solving skill. Meanwhile, the factors that influenced the formation of social skills in marching band activities in elementary schools are group activity factor, situation factor, regulatory factor, program or design factor, and peer relationship factor.
Creating Props: Improving Writing Skills of Teaching Materials of Elementary Teacher Education Students through Project-Based Learning Model
Authors: Wardani Duhita Savira , Fauzi Muhammad Rizal , Zafira Ruwaida , Kurniawati Dian
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the improvement in writing skills of science teaching materials for elementary school teachers students through the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model. This study used a quasi-experimental method with One Group Pretest-Posttest Design using portfolio assessment sheets to write science teaching materials. Data were analyzed using a T-test. This study's subjects were pre-service teacher students who contracted Natural Science Learning courses in the Elementary Teacher Education Program. The study results indicated that PjBL could increase pre-service teachers' skills in developing teaching materials relevant to the 21st-century skills, students' character, and the applicable curriculum. This result is evidenced by the results of the assessment, which increased significantly from 2.04 to 3.25. It is also based on the Wilcoxon test that Asymp.Sig. (2-tailed) 0.05 which is 0.000. It means that there is an influence in the form of an increase in the PjBL model's use of the writing skills of science teaching materials for elementary teacher students. This study recommends that the PjBL model can be used as an alternative learning model to improve the writing skills of teaching materials for students.
Improvement of Creative Thinking Ability of Elementary Teacher Education Students in Utilizing Traditional Games in Social Studies Learning
Authors: Arga Hana Sakura Putu , Nurfurqon Faridillah Fahmi , Nurani Riga Zahara
Published: January 2021

Creative thinking skills of elementary teacher education students' needs to be improved in a fun social studies learning process. One of the lessons that can make learning a pleasant atmosphere is to apply knowledge by applying traditional games. This research aims to increase the creativity of elementary teacher education students in utilizing traditional games to preserve the nation's culture. The research method used was a quasi-experimental design with a nonrandomized pretest-posttest control group. The instrument used in this study was a tablet-shaped observation instrument. This research shows that learning science by applying traditional games can improve elementary teacher education students' creative thinking skills. It can be seen from the learning outcomes of elementary teacher education students social studies using traditional games that are better than conventional learning.
The Effect of VBA for Microsoft Excel as Teaching Material to Improve Prospective Elementary School Teachers' Mathematical Conceptual Understanding
Authors: Ruqoyyah Siti , Murni Sukma , Wijaya Tommy Tanu
Published: January 2021

This research is motivated by the low ability to understand mathematical concepts possessed by prospective elementary school teacher students. This study aims to see the achievement and improvement of students' mathematical understanding abilities that use Microsoft Excel-based VBA teaching materials with those using conventional learning. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a non-equivalent pre-test and post-test control group design. This study's population were all second-semester elementary school teacher candidates in one private university in West Java, Indonesia. The sample in this study was 70 prospective 2nd-grade elementary school teacher candidates. The instrument used in this study was a test of understanding mathematical concepts. The results showed: 1) learning using VBA Microsoft Excel as a teaching material was able to improve students' ability to understand mathematical concepts; 2) learning using Microsoft Excel VBA as teaching material is better than conventional learning; and 3) students can be enthusiastic, active and motivated in learning mathematics with VBA Microsoft Excel.
Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage: A study on Transfusion of Blood and its components
Authors:   Assistant Professor, NC Medical College and Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India, Swati Dr. Swati , Khan H Dr. Fayaz ,   Assistant Professor, NC Medical College and Hospital, Panipat, Haryana, India, M Dr. Manju ,   PG, Community Medicine, PT Bhagwat Dayal Sharma Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Rohtak, Haryana, India
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Blood Transfusion is identified as one of the essential components of comprehensiveemergency obstetric care which has drastically reduced maternal mortality. Material and Methods:This is a prospective study conducted at NC Medical College and Hospital, in the Department ofOBGY. (Tertiary care center) from January 2019 – September 2020. All patients requiringintrapartum transfusion of blood or blood products are enrolled in the study. No exclusion criteria.Results: In the present study, various age groups of patients were enrolled. Maximum transfusion(77.8%) rates are seen in the age group of 21-30 years and the minimum no. of patients wereranges from 31-40 years (8.4%). Conclusion: Postpartum hemorrhage, placental causes, andanemia are the commonest causes of the need for transfusion in obstetric practice.
The ambit of congenital malformations in the Kachchh district- a hospital-based study at a tertiary care center
Authors:   Third Year Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India, Mehta Dr. Dhwani , Pawani Dr. Charmi ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India, Kukadiya Dr. Snehal B ,   Second Year Resident, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India, Pandya Dr. Nimish ,   Profesoor and Head, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Science, Bhuj, Kutch, Gujarat, India
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Quantifying birth defects in a population is felt as a need as it helpsinappropriate allocation of the health budget to tackle and reduce perinatal, neonatal, and infantmortality rates. Hence a study on congenital anomalies was undertaken in the region of Kachchhdistrict. Material and Methods: Present cross-sectional study was performed on 10 patientsdiagnosed with having congenital malformed fetuses at tertiary care center- G.K. General Hospital,Bhuj, Kachchh district, Gujarat, India over three months – January, February, March 2019. Results:Mean age of the study participants were 22.3 years, most (70%) of the study participants wereprimigravida. Hydrocephalus was the most common birth defect among study participants. Eightypercentages (80%) of study participants had gross anomalies. Sixty percentages (60%) ofparticipants had the outcome of termination. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies were in babies tomothers between 20-30 years of age. Once an anomaly is detected, various management optionsare to be discussed with the patients in consultation with a neonatologist, pediatric surgeon, andneurosurgeon when necessary.
Study of Abdominal Shirodkar sling operation for uterocervical prolapse
Authors:   Associate Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, GMERS Medical College, Dharpur, India, Patel Dr. Uday M, , Shah Dr. Manoranjana B. ,   2Retired Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Patan, Gujarat, India, Shah Dr. Jui R. ,   MBBS, B J Medical College, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
Published: January 2021

Background and Aim: Quantifying birth defects in a population is felt as a need as it helpsinappropriate allocation of the health budget to tackle and reduce perinatal, neonatal, and infantmortality rates. Hence a study on congenital anomalies was undertaken in the region of Kachchhdistrict. Material and Methods: Present cross-sectional study was performed on 10 patientsdiagnosed with having congenital malformed fetuses at tertiary care center- G.K. General Hospital,Bhuj, Kachchh district, Gujarat, India over three months – January, February, March 2019. Results:Mean age of the study participants were 22.3 years, most (70%) of the study participants wereprimigravida. Hydrocephalus was the most common birth defect among study participants. Eightypercentages (80%) of study participants had gross anomalies. Sixty percentages (60%) ofparticipants had the outcome of termination. Conclusion: Congenital anomalies were in babies tomothers between 20-30 years of age. Once an anomaly is detected, various management optionsare to be discussed with the patients in consultation with a neonatologist, pediatric surgeon, andneurosurgeon when necessary.
Приоритеты внедрения электронных государственных сервисов по результатам опроса граждан в Санкт-Петербурге
Authors: Белый А. В. , Смирнова П. В.
Published: January 2021

В статье приводятся результаты опроса жителей Санкт-Петербурга с целью выявления их мнения о приоритетности сервисов «умного города». В результате исследования были выявлены наиболее востребованные электронные сервисы, а

также определены факторы, влияющие на их восприятие населением. Исследование было проведено в марте 2020 года методом анкетирования по выборке, репрезентирующей население Санкт-Петербурга по полу и возрасту. Результаты

показали, что в качестве наиболее актуальных жителями Санкт-Петербурга были отмечены электронные сервисы в сфере здравоохранения и медицины (78%), сервисы

безопасного города (70%), электронные сервисы в сфере транспортного обслуживания двух типов: для пассажиров общественного транспорта (63%) и владельцев личного транспорта (61%).
Общественные информационные интернет-кампании в современной России: инструменты и результаты
Authors: Палачева Ю. А. , Соколов А. В.
Published: January 2021

Успешность общественных кампаний во многом зависит от того, в какой степени их организаторы могут обеспечить необходимое информационное сопровождение, вовлечение сторонников. В современной ситуации значительную часть подобных действий организаторам удается осуществлять в Интернете. Признанные преимущества глобальной сети предоставляют значимые возможности по указанным направлениям организации общественных кампаний. В статье представлен анализ общественных информационных кампаний в российском сегменте Интернета в 2019 году. Для обзора были выбраны информационные кампании в поддержку Ивана Голунова и Павла Устинова, общественная информационная кампания о проблеме лесных пожаров на территории Сибири. В обзоре представлены цели общественной информационной кампании, инструменты, а также медийные лица, участвовавшие в данных кампаниях. При подготовке аналитического обзора было проведено анкетирование респондентов, проживающих в Центральном федеральном округе. Проведённое исследование позволило сделать ряд выводов. Во-первых, большинство респондентов наблюдали в Интернете материалы, связанные с каждой из изучаемых информационных кампаний. Во-вторых, наибольший отклик среди опрошенных вызвала информационная кампания по проблеме лесных пожаров на территории Сибири.
Институциональные стратегии внедрения цифровых ресурсов обратной связи с населением в регионах России
Authors: Кондратенко К. С.
Published: January 2021

Статья посвящена стратегиям внедрения цифровых каналов публичной политики в регионах РФ. Проблема исследования заключается в неравномерности внедрения ресурсов обратной связи в различных регионах РФ, при этом внедрение указанных технологий описано в паспорте федерального проекта «Цифровое государственное

управление». Основная гипотеза данной статьи заключается в том, что регионы выбирают различные стратегии внедрения каналов публичного участия, по-разному решая вопрос соотношения монополизма в данной сфере и возможностей рационального выбора при создании региональных сайтов. Какие стратегии внедрения лежат в основании институциональных матриц регионов РФ – основной вопрос данной статьи.
Мониторинг ресурсов электронного участия: методика и некоторые результаты
Authors: Кабанов Ю. А. , Панфилов Г. О. , Чугунов А. В.
Published: January 2021

В статье представлены основные результаты комплексного исследования ресурсов электронного участия в регионах России, осуществленного в декабре 2019 – январе 2020 г. Исследование проведено с использованием методики, позволяющей оценивать различные инструменты электронного участия и проводить межрегиональные и кросс-платформенные сравнения. Методика была применена для оценки 198 региональных и 155 муниципальных ресурсов шести основных типов во всех 85 регионах России. В итоге построен рейтинг регионов по общему уровню развития электронного участия: выделено 23 региона с высоким уровнем развития ресурсов, 24 - со средним и 38 регионов - с низким. Результаты исследования подтвердили наличие существенных диспропорций регионального и муниципального развития электронного участия в России: как с точки разнообразия каналов, предоставляемых гражданам в разных городах и субъектах, так и с точки зрения качества их функционирования. Общим выводом является то, что на данный момент более активно развиваются «информационные» формы электронного участия. В дальнейшем планируется проведение ежегодного мониторинга развития электронного участия с использованием отработанной методики в сочетании с качественными методами.
Краудсорсинговые площадки региональных и муниципальных органов власти
Authors: Комаров О. Е. , Соколов А. В.
Published: January 2021

В современных реалиях возрастает необходимость выстраивания диалога между властью и гражданским обществом, увеличения степени участия граждан в управленческо-государственной деятельности. Оптимальным каналом выстраивания подобного взаимодействия является Интернет. Особую роль в рамках этого взаимодействия могут играть краудсорсинговые платформы, которые позволяют демонстрировать интересы общества, выявлять и оперативно решать существующие проблемы, а также способствовать вовлечению граждан в процесс подготовки и принятия решений. Авторами сформирована система критериев оценки данных площадок, позволяющая выявить особенности их функционирования и оценить результативность. Среди критериев можно отметить функциональность краудсорсинговой площадки, ее посещаемость и активность использования, возможность ранжирования пользователей, степень интерактивности и др. Также в статье представлен анализ крупнейших региональных площадок, ориентированных на демонстрацию гражданами наиболее актуальных для них проблем. Авторами представлена оценка результатов работы органов власти с предложениями граждан.
Информационное освещение деятельности органов власти в Ярославской области как инструмент демобилизации граждан в общественно-политическом процессе
Authors: Фролов А. А. , Барский Я. В.
Published: January 2021

В статье авторами продемонстрированы результаты event-мониторинга информационного освещения деятельности органов власти и их представителей в Ярославской области за период с 1 декабря 2018 года по 31 декабря 2019 года. В результате проведения исследования удалось выявить специфику информационного освещения основных субъектов общественно-политического процесса и институтов власти в регионе. Методологической базой исследования стал ряд теорий, объясняющих прямые и косвенные факторы проявления гражданской активности. В работе тезисно описана теория относительной депривации, коллективной идентичности и коллективного действия. В результатах практико-ориентированного исследования представлена информация о количестве и долях информационных упоминаний, наиболее активных СМИ, участвовавших в освещении, а также новостных повестках, относящихся к тому или иному политическому актору. В статье приводится комплексный анализ собранного массива общественно-политической информации. Одним из выводов исследования является обобщенное описания механизма формирования позитивного образа власти путем публикации «событийной» новостной информации. Однако наиболее значимые для жителей города повестки, которые занимают значимую долю общего объема информационного освещения деятельности органов власти и их руководителей, имеют неоднозначную эмоциональную окраску.
Evaluation of right heart functions by echocardiography and tissue Doppler imaging echocardiography in obese and non-obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea
Authors: DİKMEN Nursel , GENÇ Sebahat , AKÇAY Adnan
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of our study was to compare the right ventricular systolic and diastolic functions and pulmonary artery pressure (PAP) in obese and non-obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) echocardiography.

Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with 69 patients, 34 obese and 35 non-obese, diagnosed moderate or severe OSAS by an overnight polysomnographic sleep study. In all patients, LV (left ventricle) and RV (right ventricle) size, left atial (LA) and RA (right atrial) dimensions, LV and RV systolic and diastolic functions and systolic PAPs were measured by M-mode, two-dimensional analysis, color flow Doppler and TDI.

Results: RV diastolic dysfunction was detected in both groups; this impairment was significantly higher in the obese group (lateral tricuspid late diastolic myocardial annular zone velocity A'a: 0.13 ± 0.03 in non-obese patients and 0.11 ± 0.04 in obese patients). The mean systolic PAP was significantly higher in obese patients (31.2±5.6, 27.1±5.8, respectively)

Conclusion: Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. In our study,left ventricul and right ventricul diastolic dysfunction was determined by tissue Doppler imaging in patients with moderate and severe Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Obesity contributes to this impairment regardless of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome .
Ceranib-2 inhibits HIF1-α gene expression and induces apoptosis in HepG2 cells
Authors: ÖZYURT Rumeysa , OZKURT Mete , KARADAĞ Abdullah , MERAL Cemile , ERKASAP Nılufer
Published: January 2021

Purpose: The aim of this study is to investigate the apoptotic effect of a novel anti-cancer drug, ceranib-2 and impact on HIF-1α levels on HepG2.

Materials and Methods: The cell line was treated in vitro with 0,1, 1, 5, 10, 25 and 50 µM ceranib-2 for 24 and 48 hours and cell viabilitiy was determined. mRNA levels of acid ceramidase, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9, Cyc1, HIF-1α and TNF-α were measured by qPCR.

Results: Ceranib-2 at 10 µM concentration reduced the viability by about 58 % after 24 and 48 hours. The same dose increased mRNA level of caspase-3 and no change was detected on caspase-8 when compared to the control group after 24 hours. No difference was detected on caspase-3, but caspase-8 mRNA level increased after 48 hours with ceranib-2 at 10 µM concentration. Caspase-9 mRNA levels did not differ after 24 and 48 hours. Ceranib-2 at 10 µM concentration lowered mRNA level of Cyc1 against the control group after the 24- hour treatment. ASAH mRNA level was reduced after the 48-hour treatment with 10 µM ceranib-2. Reduction of ASAH indicated that 10 µM ceranib-2 could inhibit ceramidase after 48 hours and this may elavate ceramide concentration. TNF-α mRNA increased after 24 and 48 hours, but HIF-1α expression was low after 24 hours when compared to the control group.

Conclusion: We have found that ceranib-2 induces apoptosis in HepG2, thus ceranib-2 may play an anti-cancer role at 10 µM concentration.
Determination of risk factors affecting fear of childbirth during pregnancy
Authors: SOYSAL Cenk , IŞIKALAN Mehmet Murat
Published: January 2021

Purpose: We aimed to investigate the level of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in terms of factors such as age, number of births, education level, and immigration status.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out by including 444 pregnant women who have 32-36 weeks of pregnancy and voluntarily agree to participate in the research, all of them are literate and applied to Kütahya Health Sciences University Evliya Çelebi Training and Research Hospital between 25.07.2019 - 01.11.2019. The data were collected using the Wijma Birth Expectation / Experience Scale (W-DEQ), and the questionnaire was administered to the immigrant patients by an outpatient doctor via an interpreter.

Results: The average age of the pregnant women was 31.65 ± 6.83 years. 24.8% (n = 110) of all the participants had low levels of fear of childbirth, 21.8% (n = 97) had moderate fear, 27.9% (n = 124) had severe fear, and 25% (n = 113) were identified as having very severe fear of childbirth. The W-DEQ score increased as the education level increased, but there was no difference between university graduates and postgraduate pregnant women. Fear of childbirth in migrant women was found to be significantly lower compared to Turkish women.

Conclusion: Fear of childbirth is affected by age, education, immigration, and these conditions vary among societies. Pre-determining conditions that can increase fear of childbirth and implementing social support programs in selected patient groups may decrease the fear of childbirth and lower the number of cesarean sections in Turkey.
Plastik cerrahi servisinde çalışan hemşirelerin cinsiyet değiştirme ameliyatı olan transseksüel bireylere yaklaşımı
Authors: DENİZ DOĞAN Sevgi , KARAÇAY YIKAR Seda , ATICI Meral , ARSLAN Sevban
Published: January 2021

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, plastik cerrahi servisinde çalışan hemşirelerin cinsiyet değiştirme ameliyatı olmuş transseksüel bireylere yaklaşımlarını incelemektir.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmaya plastik cerrahi kliniğinde çalışan ve transseksüel bireylere bakım vermiş 6 hemşire alınmıştır. Araştırmada veriler nitel veri toplama yöntemlerinden görüşme yöntemi kullanılarak toplanmış ve görüşmelerden elde edilen nitel verilerin analizinde içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır.

Bulgular: Araştırmanın bulgularına göre hemşirelerin transseksüelliği, daha çok kişisel bir tercih olarak gördükleri saptanmıştır. Hemşirelerin transseksüel bireylere bakım verirken yaşadıkları güçlüklerin daha çok transseksüel bireylerin kişilik özelliklerinden kaynaklandığı saptanmış olup en sık zorlayıcı kişilik özelliklerinden dolayı güçlük yaşadıkları görülmüştür. Hemşirelerin bakım verirken yaşadıkları güçlükler için kullandıkları baş etme yöntemlerinin ise anlayışlı olma, kod adı kullanma ve hassas davranma olduğu saptanmıştır.

Sonuç: Cinsiyet değiştirme ameliyatı olan transseksüel bireylerin yaşadıkları bu zorlu süreçteki ihtiyaçlarının ve endişelerinin giderilmesi için hemşirelere önemli sorumluluklar düşmektedir. Bu bağlamda hemşirelerin bakım verirken yaşadıkları güçlüklerin belirlenmesi ve bu güçlükler ile baş etme yöntemleri geliştirebilmeleri için farklı örneklem gurupları ile çeşitli çalışmalar yapılarak hizmet içi eğitimlerin artırılması önerilebilir.
Çataldağ Karşıyaka Şefliğine Bağlı (Balıkesir) Farklı Biyotoplarda Yayılış Gösteren Polyphaga Türlerinin Çukur Tuzak Yöntemi ile Belirlenmesi
Authors: VARLI Sakin Vural , TÜVEN Aylin , SÜRGÜT Hakan , JANSSON Nicklas
Published: January 2021

The main purpose of the study was to determine the species belonging to Oder Coleoptera living in 9 different biotopes in the coniferous and broadleaf forest areas (Pinus pinea, P.brutia, P.nigra, Abies sp., Fagus orientalis, Carpinus sp., Quercus sp. ve Alnus sp.) of Çataldağ-Karşıyaka Chief in the Susurluk district of Balıkesir Province. In this study, 32 species of 26 genera were identified under the Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, Buprestidae, Lucanidae, Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae families for 268 individuals using pitfall trap method on April and November in between 2017 and 2018. Overall, 19 species identified were reported for the first time for the local fauna of Balıkesir province. Identified Curculionidae, Tenebrionidae, Buprestidae, Lucanidae, Scarabaeidae and Staphylinidae families, contained one (Hylobius abietis), five (Blaps tibialis, Idahelops alpagutae, Opatrum sabulosum, Pseudoprobaticus granipennis, Probaticus obesus), seven (Anthaxia hungarica, Buprestis dalmatina, Capnodis miliaris, C. carbonaria, Chalcophora detrita, Trachypteris picta decostigma, Perotis chlorana), two (Dorcus parallelipipedus, Lucanus cervus), one (Protaetia cuprea) and one (Gyrohypnus angustatus) saproxylic species, respectively. Furthermore, Dorcus parallelipipedus was included only in the IUCN European Red List, while Lucanus cervus was also included in the Mediterranean basin Red List.
Imaging in diagnosis and management of COVID 19: A short review
Authors: Kumar D Jagadeesh , Prasad K.V Vidhi , Narayan Priya , M Govindaraju , G Nagendra H
Published: January 2021

Since the outbreak of COVID 19 in early December 2019, the WHO has reported over 33 million cases and more than one million deaths worldwide. The Pandemic has thrown all forms of life out of gear and has transformed into a global emergency, causing widespread havoc. There is currently no treatment for the disease and early diagnosis is also becoming more challenging. This review focuses on the structure of the virus, its etiology, epidemiology with emphasis on diagnosis and imaging.

The COVID 19 pandemic has thrown life out of control with the new norm. Here we review the Diagnosis of COVID with an emphasis on imaging.
Chitosan nanoparticles biosynthesis and characterization for Inhalation as an operative treatment of tuberculosis
Authors: Kamal Eldein Dalia , Rizkallah Zaki Emad , M Mohsen Dalia , B. Yousef Mohamed , H Fagir Mohammed
Published: January 2021

Chitosan nanoparticles have expanded growing attention for Nano-medicine, development of new therapeutic and biomedical engineering with improved availability, increased specificity, and compact toxicity. The present study aim to synthesis and characterize inhalation of chitosan nanoparticles for anti-mycobacterial supply to the lungs. The ionic gelation method followed spray drying was used for chitosan nanoparticles development. The results showed that the obtained particles had a spherical smooth shape with an average size of 255 ± 3.5 nm. Post nebulization drugs were detected in numerous organs (lungs, spleen and liver) till twenty four hours. A single dose of drug-loaded had a chemotherapeutic efficacy more effective against the mycobacterium than other available drugs.
Comparative evaluation of nitrate reductase assay with conventional proportion method for isoniazid and rifampicin susceptibility testing in smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis patients
Authors: Farooq Mir Rumana , Yousuf Peerzada Bushra , Samad Lubna
Published: January 2021

With the surge of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) strains there is an escalating need for precise and cost-effective methods for a precipitous diagnostic and drug susceptibility testing (DST), chiefly in resource limited countries where tuberculosis is endemic.

To find out the susceptibility pattern of Isoniazid (INH) and Rifampicin (RMP) in smear positive cases of pulmonary TB at MMIMSR Mullana and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of nitrate reductase assay (NRA) with standard proportion method for INH and RMP susceptibility testing.

A cross sectional test validation study was carried out at Mycobacteriology division in the Department of Microbiology on 100 smear positive sputum samples from pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

In comparison with L.J proportion method, NRA showed sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy of 100%, 98.64%, 87.50%, 100%, and 98.76% respectively for INH. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy of NRA compared to PM for RMP was 100%, 97.33%, 75.00%, 100%, 97.53% respectively.

Direct NRA is simple, easy to perform, prompt, reasonably less expensive, without requisite of expensive reagents and advanced instrumentation. It is highly specific and sensitive technique in the detection of drug resistant TB when tested in parallel with the proportion method. Therefore, NRA may be routinely employed in TB laboratories in developing countries for drug susceptibility testing of .
Knowledge and practices of needle stick injury prevention among nursing personnel in a tertiary care teaching hospital in South India
Authors: Uddin Mohammed Mustafeed , Reddy K V Krishna
Published: January 2021

A needle stick injury (NSI) is an accidental skin‑penetrating stab wound from a hollow‑bore needle containing another person’s blood or body fluid, leading to transmission of blood borne infections such as hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus. Nurses are the core care providers for patients in the hospital and thus have the highest rate of needle stick injury among all the health care workers. This is possibly be due to performance of invasive and non-invasive procedures to the patients besides injection administration more often than any other staff.

a) To assess the knowledge of Needle stick injuries (NSI) among nursing staffs, b) To determine the practices of Needdle stick injury prevention (NSI) among nursing staffs of a tertiary care teaching hospital.

M A cross sectional study was conducted by using a structured questionnaire having close ended and multiple choice questions, 10 in knowledge parameters and 15 in practice parameters respectively, designed from previously published literature. Informed verbal consent was taken prior to distribution of the self reporting Questionnaire and 100 nursing staffs were included. Minitab software version 19 was used for data analysis.

1st Jan 2020 to 31st March, 2020 (3 months).

Response rate was 80%, Incidence of NSI was 45%, Only 24% of the nurses were aware of the definition of NSI, about 90% of them were aware of the infections transmitted, 85% of them are unaware of ‘no-recapping’ technique of disposal, 90% of them were aware of standard precautions, Overall knowledge is adequate among 65% nurses. Only 35% nurses reported their NSI after incident, 24% knew post exposure prophylaxis, 98% of the reported NSI incidents NSI were due to recapping of needles.

NSIs were highly prevalent among nurses. Injection practices needs improvement. Procedures associated with higher risks of NSIs such as recapping of needles, non-wearing of gloves, improper disposal of sharps and others should be strongly discouraged.
Bio-materials and factors affecting periodontal regeneration: An overview
Authors: Ghosh Sandip , Dufare Dhiraj , R Balaji , Bagchi Somen , Pal Ashit Kumar
Published: January 2021

The aim of periodontal regenerative therapy is to restore original architecture and function of lost periodontal tissues, as a result of trauma or following destructive periodontal diseases. This review includes the biological principles and efficacy and effectiveness of different biomaterials and factors affecting periodontal regeneration. Various human clinical trials showed a successful periodontal regeneration with different biomaterials. However, postoperative plaque control is one of the key factors influencing periodontal healing following regenerative periodontal therapy. A strong native regenerative potential of the periodontium can be conciliated by local and systemic factors.
Endodontic management during COVID- 19 pandemic: A literature review and clinical recommendations
Authors: Behera Sidhartha Shakti Prasad , Jeph Vikas , Sharma Deepakkumar , Ahluwalia Karamdeep , Patel Abhishek
Published: January 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has turned to be a huge international challenge. Being the part of dental care, we hold responsibilities both to the dental staff and our patients so that the cross infection of virus can be avoided. Since dentists mainly have to work inside the oral cavity, the whole dental team, staff and the technician are at the highest risk of getting affected by the virus. Not only they are at risk of getting infected but at the same time they can potentially transmit the virus. According to latest studies, the presence of virus in salivary secretion of many symptomatic as well as asymptomatic patients, the dental professionals especially Endodontist are at the greatest life threatening situation if they do not follow proper guidelines such as sterilization at their workplace. Till today no medicine manufacturing companies have come up with the proper treatment or vaccines which can protect dentist from contracting with the virus. In this pandemic situation, the general practicing dentist and the Endodontist must provide only emergency treatments so as to relieve pressure and pain. As this COVID continues, it is the responsibility of health care workers to come up with more definitive treatment plans that to stick on to just palliative care. This article aims to bring latest updates on treatment considerations in clinical practice in general. However, the article also includes the guidelines to be followed by the endodontist so as to limit the cross infection but at the same time relieve patient from dental pain or any dental disease.
Aerosol phobia and SARS-CoV-2 spread amongst dentists: Hype vs reality!
Authors: Singh Neetika , Sultan Amina , Juneja Akanksha
Published: January 2021

The definite mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 transmission remains unclear, but it is certain that basically it is through aerosols produced by coughing or other sourcesBesides, these aerosolized droplets can remain suspended in an area, even after the person responsible for the transmission has left and thus may result in the surface contamination and infection of the health-care professionals. Most of the dentists worldwide are anxious and have chief concerns about aerosols. Aerosols containing the virus can be a risk. So far, no clear evidence in the literature exists that aerosols containing the virus have affected people and of course, no proof to reject that, either. Most of the dentists have profound fear and anxiety of getting infected while working during the current viral outbreak that has usually been due to the overwhelming reports on the COVID-19 pandemic. Most dental professionals get exposed to infections, and older generations have lived through various health scares in the past, including HIV and SARS. Indeed, there is so much we still don’t know about COVID-19, but we can’t live with this fear for eternity; we have to find a way to live with this pandemic. Since the aerosols increase during and after the dental procedures, therefore, the Dental offices should adhere to CDC and OSHA guidelines to reduce the risk of transmission of infections. In consideration of the current situation, it will be a wise decision to decrease patient contact, restrict the generation of aerosols and use the best PPE.
Comparison of efficacy of ICDAS, CAST, Nyvad’s criteria, SCI and WHO–DMFT in caries identification among six to twelve year old children
Authors: Radje Vishnu , Hegde K Sundeep , Bhat Sham S , Ballal Raksha , Devan Arya
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study was to compare the ICDAS, the CAST, the DMF, the Nyvad criteria and the SCI with respect to their ability in identification of caries in the individuals from six to twelve years of age and also the time required for recording each indices.

A total of 47 children visiting the hospital were selected and examined. Examination was done in the dental chair with adequate light. Oral prophylaxis was done. Subsequently, examination was performed by the examiner according to DMFT system, ICDAS, CAST, Nyvad’s criteria and SCI and the information forms were recorded. Chi square test and one way ANOVA were used for data analysis.

 In this study, the no statistically significant difference was shown by number of sound teeth. For caries involving enamel, there was statistical difference seen. For caries involving dentin, Distinct/Active Cavity lesions, statistically significant difference was seen. For pulp involvement, statistically significant differences were observed. For, restored teeth, there was statistical difference but missing teeth due to caries did not show any statistically significant difference. The mean time taken to apply the DMF was 1mins 17secs; for ICDAS, 3mins 32secs, for CAST, 3min 30secs, for Nyvad’s Criteria, 2mins 34secs and for SCI it took 1min 2secs.

A common method for classification of caries identification is ambiguous. DMFT and SCI is the most simple and less time consuming method. ICDAS addresses the all the progressive stages of the caries.
Comparative evaluation of the synbiotics, antibiotics and analgesics in post extraction healing of tooth sockets- A randomized control trial
Authors: Singh Shweta , S Sahana , Kumar Sulabh , Gupta N K
Published: January 2021

The emergence of antibiotic resistance and its side effects have restricted their use in array of prophylactic options in present scenario. Indeed, some new strategies and alternative therapies like herbal medicines and laser therapies have already minimised the use of antibiotic prevent/cure health related issues or oral diseases. Nowadays many authors are trying to prove influence of synbiotics in oral health maintenance so this study was done to check the usage of synbiotics and its benefits in the post extraction tooth socket.

The aim of this research is to study the effect of synbiotics supplements on post-surgical complications and oral wound healing after extraction of tooth.

To determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of synbiotics over antibiotics and analgesics in post extraction of tooth socket.

This study is a randomized controlled trial, parallel group, multicentre trial comparing the efficacy of synbiotics in healing of post extraction sockets that was conducted in three centres of Lucknow city-India including BBD dental college of dental sciences. Three groups were made with 80 patients in each group. The primary outcome measures were observed in each group on 3rd day, 5th day and 7th day.

 We could find significant difference between the 3 groups regarding the evaluated parameters. In age and gender distribution was observed. Wound related complications like bleeding, swelling and gut flora disturbance at the surgical site was present more in group 2 and group 3 as compared to group 1 which is found statistically significant with p value 0.02, 0.01 and 0.01. In the cost analysis during the treatment among the study subjects was noted where statistical significant results were obtained between groups 1 vs group 2; group 1 vs group 3 and group 2 vs group 3 at p ≤ 0.01.

Since this was a novel approach in comparing the post extraction wound healing and as the results showed a definite positive effect by synbiotics. Further studies with a larger sample and different formulation would be recommended to be put into clinical use.
Urease activity in caries free and caries active children
Authors: Kumar Vinod
Published: January 2021

Few studies have proven that urease has caries inhibiting effect. Urease enzymes hydrolyze urea into ammonia and carbon dioxide. This ammonia raises the pH value of plaque and saliva which will reduce caries activity. The aim of this investigation was to measure and compare the urease activity level before and after carbohydrate rinse in caries free and caries active children of 5-12 years.

30 caries free and 30 caries active children aged 5-12 years were selected for the study. A child was not eligible if he/she has systemic illness and received antibiotics within the last three months. DMFT/dmft was recorded to define the caries status, unstimulated saliva was collected in the eppendorf tubes and supra gingival plaque was collected from all available smooth surfaces. Urease activity was measured following biochemical protocol. Mean, standard deviation, median, and range (min.-max.) of urease activity was calculated. TheIndependent sample t test” was done to compare urease activity in both groups. Paired sample t test” was applied to knowthe change in the urease activity pre and post oral sucrose rinse in saliva and plaque

Increased saliva and plaque urease activity was found in caries free group compared to caries active group and in both groups urease activity increased after oral carbohydrate rinse for both saliva and plaque samples

The strategy can be developed for carbohydrate rinse to generate higher urease activity for caries control and urease activity measurement could be considered as parameter for caries risk assessment in children.
Methods of Propagating the Qur'an in the Alawīte Sīrah (AS)
Authors: Ghahraman Mahdi , Sadeghi Masoumeh , Khosroshahi Priya Nouri
Published: January 2021

Propagation and invitation to the Qur'an and its teachings in both general and specialized levels, according to the level of the audience, has been considered by Imam Ali (AS) which has been promoted in various ways. But what is the methods and ways of propagation and promotion in Imam Ali's verbal and practical life? And in what format and structure do each of these components express these methods? This research was conducted by inductive-inferential-analytical method. Therefore, data collection and narrations related to education and propagation (both verbal and practical) of each of the findings were included under the headings that were the result of a study of the researcher's mind, and were analyzed separately. The methods of promoting the Qur'an that are found in the words and deeds of Imam Ali (AS) can be named under 7 components. Promoting the culture of Qur’anic discourse in Alawīte words (using verses in interactions), using psychological and semantic therapy skills in promoting the Qur’an, reciting the Qur’an, getting acquainted with the Qur’an, encouraging the writing of the Qur’an, promoting the Qur’anic culture in the social dimension, and promoting and propagating the system of Qur’anic culture development.
The Prevention of Student Delinquency through Three Education Centre Communication
Authors: Aw Suranto , Hajaroh Mami , Hastasari Chatia
Published: January 2021

The aim of this research is to reveal the efforts of preventing student delinquency through communication within the three education centers (school, family, and community). Three education center communication is a process of interaction performed by the educational stakeholders as a strategic effort to increase the role of schools, families and communities in educational management. The informants of this research were students, teachers, parents, and community leaders. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis which consisted of four stages, namely: data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing / verification. The results of the research show that the efforts include revitalizing the three education center communication systems pertaining to the role in delivering and receiving messages in the school, family, and community environment.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Generation Y Teachers in Thailand
Authors: Pramepluem Nuchchamon , Wongpinpech Pinkanok , Chunin Manop
Published: January 2021

The objectives of this research were to examine the structural characteristics of organizational citizenship behavior of Generation Y teachers in Thailand. The participants were 150 teachers from 12 schools under the Secondary Educational Service Area Office 9 in Thailand. The research tools were five rating scales questionnaires. The data was analyzed by a confirmatory factor analysis. The results showed that altruism, courtesy, sportsmanship, conscientiousness, civic virtue, and self-development feedback were confirmed as six facets of generation Y teachers' organizational citizenship behavior.
The Development and Validation of a Module on Enhancing Students' Critical Thinking, Collaboration and Writing Skills
Authors: Mohamed Abdelmohsen Moustafa
Published: January 2021

This study aims to develop and test the validity of a module on enhancing students' collaboration, critical thinking (2Cs) and writing skills. To develop the module, the researcher used ADDIE model which incorporates five primary phases, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The study used a tryout group which incorporated 20 participants who studied English at The General Foundation Program at a private college in Oman. The study employed a pretest-posttest quasiexperimental design. Paired Samples t-Test was used to compare the mean scores of both tests. Apropos of module validity, a total of 5 experts validated the module. The findings revealed that there is a statistically significant mean difference between the participants' scores in both the pretest and posttest. Further, it was found that the module has good validity and reliability.
THE PRACTICES AND FACTORS AFFECTING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF INTEGRATED CATTLE AND OIL PALM FARMING SYSTEM IN MALAYSIA
Authors: Ahmad Abd Rahman , Mohd Nasir Aini Syafiqah
Published: January 2021

Purpose of the study: The Malaysian government had encouraged the adoption of integrated cattle and oil palm farming systems (ICOFS) since the year 1998. This is due to large areas of land suitable for ICOFS in Malaysia that can be well utilized. The efforts made in increasing the demand for meat nationwide and growing dependency on imported meat are among the reasons that ICOFS has become significant to be implemented today. Apart from that, Malaysia needs to increase the self-sufficiency level of national meat production to 32.7% by 2020 as stated in the National Agri-Food Policy 2011-2020. Despite this, only a small number of farmers have adopted ICOFS in Malaysia and less is known so far about the farmer's attitudes towards the ICOFS in Malaysia.

Methodology: Therefore, this study aimed to explore the current practice as well as factors affecting and constraints to the adoption of ICOFS in Malaysia. Interviews of four selected experts in ICOFS were held to examine the current practice of ICOFS in Malaysia.

Main Findings: Results from the interviews and literature review have been cross-compared to develop questionnaire instruments. Then, the survey questionnaire was carried out to 153 adopters and non-adopters of ICOFS in Johor, Malaysia to identify the key factors that influence the adoption of ICOFS.

Applications of this study: The study found that information and know-how and availability of skilled labor are the significant factors that encourage farmers to adopt ICOFS. On the other hand, government support and policy constraint and production and on-farm constraint are the significant constraints hindering the adoption of ICOFS.

Novelty/Originality of this study: Based on the findings of this study, one of the measures to increase the rate of adoption of ICOFS is by helping the farmers to hire extra labor and to have skills needed. Furthermore, the rate of ICOFS could also be increased by helping the farmers to have better control over weed, pests, and diseases on the farm as well as not interrupting their oil palm production. In addition, it is suggested to provide them with more opportunities for incentives, training, and technical support from the field officers. It is suggested for future research to explore the effect of factors affecting adoption and constraints to adoption on other attitudinal and psychological outcomes such as satisfaction, success, involvement, and degree of use.