bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Inertial Waves in a Nonlinear Simulation of the Sun's Convection Zone and Radiative Interior
Authors: Blume Catherine C. , Hindman Bradley W. , Matilsky Loren I.
Published: April 2024

Recent observations of Rossby waves and other more exotic forms of inertial oscillations in the Sun’s convection zone have kindled the hope that such waves might be used as a seismic probe of the Sun's interior. Here, we present a 3D numerical simulation in spherical geometry that models the Sun’s convection zone and upper radiative interior. This model features a wide variety of inertial oscillations, including both sectoral and tesseral equatorial Rossby waves, retrograde mixed inertial modes, prograde thermal Rossby waves, the recently observed high-frequency retrograde (HFR) vorticity modes, and what may be latitudinal overtones of these HFR modes. With this model, we demonstrate that sectoral and tesseral Rossby waves are ubiquitous within the radiative interior as well as within the convection zone. We suggest that there are two different Rossby-wave families in this simulation that live in different wave cavities: one in the radiative interior and one in the convection zone. Finally, we suggest that many of the retrograde inertial waves that appear in the convection zone, including the HFR modes, are in fact all related, being latitudinal overtones that are mixed modes with the prograde thermal Rossby waves.
High-cadence Timing of Binary Pulsars with CHIME
Authors: Tan Chia Min , Fonseca Emmanuel , Crowter Kathryn , Dong Fengqiu Adam , Kaspi Victoria M. , Masui Kiyoshi W. , McKee James W. , Meyers Bradley W. , Ransom Scott M. , Stairs Ingrid H.
Published: April 2024

We performed near-daily observations of the binary pulsars PSR J0218+4232, PSR J1518+4904, and PSR J2023+2853 with the Canadian Hydrogen Intensity Mapping Experiment (CHIME). For the first time, we detected the Shapiro time delay in all three pulsar binary systems, using only 2–4 yr of CHIME/Pulsar timing data. We measured the pulsar masses to be

1.49

−
0.20

+
0.23

M
⊙,

1.470

−
0.034

+
0.030

M
⊙, and

1.50

−
0.38

+
0.49

M
⊙, respectively. The companion mass to PSR J0218+4232 was found to be

0.179

−
0.016

+
0.018

M
⊙. We constrained the mass of the neutron star companion of PSR J1518+4904 to be

1.248

−
0.029

+
0.035

M
⊙, using the observed apsidal motion as a constraint on the mass estimation. The binary companion to PSR J2023+2853 was found to have a mass of

0.93

−
0.14

+
0.17

M
⊙; in the context of the near-circular orbit, this mass estimate suggests that the companion to PSR J2023+2853 is likely a high-mass white dwarf. By comparing the timing model obtained for PSR J0218+4232 with previous observations, we found a significant change in the observed orbital period of the system of

P

b

̇

=
0.14
(
2
)
×

10

−
12

; we determined that this variation arises from “Shklovskii acceleration” due to the relative motion of the binary system, and used this measurement to estimate a distance of d = (6.7 ± 1.0) kpc to PSR J0218+4232. This work demonstrates the capability of high-cadence observations, enabled by the CHIME/Pulsar system, to detect and refine general-relativistic effects of binary pulsars over short observing timescales.
Constraints on the Origins of the Galactic Neutrino Flux Detected by IceCube
Authors: Desai Abhishek , Vandenbroucke Justin , Anandagoda Samalka , Thwaites Jessie , Romfoe M. J.
Published: April 2024

Galactic and extragalactic objects in the Universe are sources of high-energy neutrinos that may contribute to the astrophysical neutrino signal seen by IceCube. Recently, a study done using cascade-like events seen by IceCube reported neutrino emission from the Galactic plane with >4σ significance. In this work, we put a lower limit on the number of Galactic sources required to explain this emission. To achieve this, we use a simulation package created to simulate point sources in the Galaxy along with the neutrino and gamma-ray flux emissions originating from them. Along with using past IceCube discovery potential curves, we also account for Eddington bias effects due to Poisson fluctuations in the number of detected neutrino events. We present a toy Monte Carlo simulation to show that there must be at least eight sources, each with luminosity less than 1.6 × 1035 erg s−1, responsible for the Galactic neutrino emission. Our results constrain the number of individual point-like emission regions, which apply both to discrete astrophysical sources and to individual points of diffuse emission.
Reconnaissance with JWST of the J-region Asymptotic Giant Branch in Distance Ladder Galaxies: From Irregular Luminosity Functions to Approximation of the Hubble Constant
Authors: Li Siyang , Riess Adam G. , Casertano Stefano , Anand Gagandeep S. , Scolnic Daniel M. , Yuan Wenlong , Breuval Louise , Huang Caroline D.
Published: April 2024

We study stars in the J-regions of the asymptotic giant branch (JAGB) of near-infrared color–magnitude diagrams in the maser host NGC 4258 and four hosts of six Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia): NGC 1448, NGC 1559, NGC 5584, and NGC 5643. These clumps of stars are readily apparent near 1.0 < F150W − F277W < 1.5 and m
F150W = 22–25 mag with James Webb Space Telescope NIRCam photometry. Various methods have been proposed to assign an apparent reference magnitude to this recently proposed standard candle, including the mode, median, sigma-clipped mean, or a modeled luminosity function parameter. We test the consistency of these by measuring intrahost variations, finding differences of up to ∼0.2 mag that significantly exceed statistical uncertainties. Brightness differences appear intrinsic, and are further amplified by the nonuniform shape of the JAGB luminosity function, also apparent in the LMC and SMC. We follow a “many methods” approach to measure consistently JAGB magnitudes and distance moduli to the SN Ia host sample calibrated by NGC 4258. We find broad agreement with distance moduli measured from Cepheids, tip of the red giant branch, and Miras. However, the SN host mean distance modulus estimated via the JAGB method necessary to estimate H
0 differs by ∼0.19 mag among the above definitions, the result of different levels of luminosity function asymmetry. The methods yield a full range of 71−78 km s−1 Mpc−1, i.e., a fiducial result of H
0 = 74.7 ± 2.1(stat) ± 2.3(sys, ±3.1 if combined in quadrature) km s−1 Mpc−1, with systematic errors limited by the differences in methods. Future work may seek to standardize and refine this promising tool further, making it more competitive with established distance indicators.
Mapping the Chemodynamics of the Galactic Disk Using the LAMOST and APOGEE Red Clump Stars
Authors: Sun Weixiang , Shen Han , Jiang Biwei , Liu Xiaowei
Published: April 2024

A detailed measurement is made of the metallicity distributions, kinematics, and dynamics of the thin and thick disks across a large disk volume (5.0 ≤ R ≤ 15.0 kpc and ∣Z∣ ≤ 3.0 kpc) by using the LAMOST–APOGEE red clump stars. The metallicity distribution results show that the radial metallicity gradient Δ[Fe/H]/ΔR of the thin disk weakens with ∣Z∣ from −0.06 dex kpc−1 at around ∣Z∣ < 0.25 kpc to −0.02 dex kpc−1 at around ∣Z∣ > 2.75 kpc, while the thick disk displays a global weak positive Δ[Fe/H]/ΔR that is generally weaker than 0.01 dex kpc−1. The vertical metallicity gradient Δ[Fe/H]/Δ∣Z∣ steadily weakened from −0.36 dex kpc−1 at R ∼ 5.5 kpc to −0.05 dex kpc−1 at around R > 11.5 kpc for the thin disk, while the thick disk presents an almost constant value (nearly −0.06∼−0.08 dex kpc−1) for all the R bins. These results indicate the contribution of the radial migration to the disk evolution, and the obvious north–south asymmetry in [Fe/H] may be linked to disk warp and/or disk perturbation events. The oscillations in the corrected Δ[Fe/H]/Δ∣Z∣ with R likely arise from the resonances with the Galactic bar. Our detailed measurements of ΔV

ϕ
/Δ[Fe/H] indicate an inside-out and upside-down star formation scenario for the thick disk. The results of eccentricity distributions and [α/Fe]–velocity dispersion relations are likely to suggest that thick-disk stars require an obvious contribution from other heating mechanisms, such as mergers and accretion, or are born in the chaotic mergers of gas-rich systems and/or the turbulent interstellar medium.
What we really know about the dormancy, reproduction, germination and cultivation of charophytes (Characeae)
Authors: Holzhausen Anja
Published: April 2024

This expanded review aims to provide information on previous basic research by charophyte experts in the areas of reproduction, dormancy, germination of oospores and cultivation. Therefore, published information, the author’s PhD thesis and further results have been combined to summarise the current state of knowledge for Characeae of permanent and temporary waterbodies. The understanding of evolutionary, systematic and molecular pathways require multidimensional approaches using combined results of morphology, anatomy, physiology, genetics, geobotanics and ecology. The application of zonobioms from geobotanies for performed germination studies resulted in a linkage between environmental conditions and dormancy breakage treatment. Besides this, the combination of environmental logger data and species-specific cultivation knowledge resulted in an optimised in-vitro system that allow the successful gametangia initiation and maturation under artificial laboratory conditions in monoecious diplostichous Chara species.
Bioactive compounds from plants and by-products: Novel extraction methods, applications, and limitations
Authors: Zaky Ahmed A. , Akram Muhammad Usman , Rybak Katarzyna , Witrowa-Rajchert Dorota , Nowacka Malgorzata
Published: April 2024

In recent years, numerous articles documenting bioactive components derived from diverse food sources have been published. Plant-based bioactive substances hold significant prospects for use as dietary supplements and functional foods because of their potential advantages for human health as antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant agents. Utilizing plant by-products as raw materials can also lower production costs and lessen environmental impacts. Thus, this review covered the bioactive substances found in plants and their by-products. The health benefits of bioactive compounds obtained from plant origins were also highlighted in this review. Furthermore, we concentrated on both conventional extraction techniques (e.g., Soxhlet, heat reflux, and maceration) and innovative extraction strategies for bioactive substances, including pulsed electric field (PEF), pressurized liquid, microwave-assisted, ultrasonic-assisted, and subcritical fluid methods. Higher yields obtained by novel extraction methods were found to be of primary interest, considering immediate beneficial economic outcomes. The potential applications of those bioactive substances in the food industry have been studied. Additionally, this investigation handled concerns regarding the challenges and limitations related to bioactive compounds. It is anticipated that the information covered in this review will prove to be a useful resource for the plant food processing sector in suggesting a cost-effective and environmentally friendly extraction technique that would turn plant wastes into a functional product with a high added value.
Deontic Knowledge Representation and Reasoning in Industrial Accident Prevention Training by Means of Time Travel Prevention Games
Authors: Arnold Oksana , Franke Ronny , Jantke Klaus P. , Knauf Rainer , Schramm Tanja , Wache Hans-Holger
Published: April 2024

Industrial accident prevention is an issue of societal relevance to avoid loss of human lives, injuries, damage of installations, and financial losses. The authors deploy game-based training in virtual environments where trainees experience challenges of safe operation and disastrous self-induced accidents. Nothing is more affective and, thus, effective than a trainee’s own experience. Time travel prevention games are a game category particularly tailored to the needs of human players who look for opportunities to make good for a damage. Time travel pre-vention games for purposes such as accident prevention in the industries are ad-vantageous due to their conservation of resources including human health and lives. They are affective by allowing for unprecedented learner/player/trainee ex-periences and they are effective due to the fascination of application-oriented game play including opportunities to influence the fate, the latter being less close to reality, but the more attractive and worth telling. For optimal guidance to human trainees, the digital game system needs to learn about the trainees’ strength and weaknesses, about needs and desires. In terms of behavioral sciences, the system observing a human’s behavior hypothesizes theories of mind. In training games, modalities of events/actions are decisive. There are modalities of events/actions such as possibility, unavoidability, and the like as well as obliga-tions and oughts. Training aims at the emergence of cognitive states that are use-ful in practice. The system’s reasoning is deontic.
A Characteristic Curve Remote Laboratory for School and University
Authors: Krumphals Ingrid , Steinmetz Thomas Benedikt , Kreiter Christian , Klinger Thomas
Published: April 2024

Remote laboratories play a pivotal role in facilitating teaching and learning experiences, offering unique opportunities beyond traditional classroom settings. The project OnLabEdu (Online Laboratories for School Education) aims the development of remote laboratories for both, schools and university-level students, complete with the development of appropriate accompanying educational resources. This paper introduces a characteristic curve remote laboratory with a first-developed learning arrangement on RGB LEDs and the interplay of energy, forward voltage, and wavelength of light. Drawing from the model of educational reconstruction, the learning arrangement is based on a profound clarification of the scientific content and considering students’ perspectives. Against the background of a design-based research approach, the learning arrangement was already evaluated with high school students through probing acceptance interviews. Now we are interested if the learning arrangement also fits to tertiary level students. Therefore, we conducted six probing acceptance interviews with pre-service teacher students, hailing from physics (n=3) and non-physics (n=3) backgrounds. The primary objective of the evaluation was to identify potential barriers to learning and elements that promote a stimulating learning environment along with the operation of the remote laboratory for the tertiary level. The findings revealed similar challenges of tertiary-level students and high school students. We detected students’ challenges with technical terminology as well as explaining the term forward voltage and its connection to the concept of energy. These results give initial ideas for a re-design of the learning arrangement to address the identified issues and make the learning arrangement suitable for tertiary level students.
Transferable Best Practices and Mutual Learning Opportunities Between Instructional Design in Higher Education and the Corporate World
Authors: Evanick Joseph
Published: April 2024

Instructional design facilitates effective learning in higher education and workplace training contexts. This paper examines the crossover between instructional design approaches in these settings. It identifies core transferable practices like defined objectives, assessment alignment, and active learning grounded in learning theories and research-based models. Differential practices suited to the unique contexts are also explored, including critical thinking in higher education and rapid iterative design in corporate learning. Finally, mutual learning opportunities are presented for how each domain can adapt select practices from the other to enhance their instructional design effectiveness, such as higher education integrating more experiential learning and corporate training focusing more on critical thinking development.
Enhancing Educational Design Capabilities through Interactive Mobile and Adaptive Learning Platforms: An Empirical Study
Authors: Li Jie , Li Qian
Published: April 2024

With the continuous advancement of educational technology, interactive mobile and adaptive learning platforms are playing an increasingly important role in the field of education. This is particularly evident in the development of educational design skills among education students, as these platforms showcase their unique value. Educational design capability is a crucial skill for education students, directly related to the quality of designing and implementing future teaching activities. Traditional methods of education often fail to fully consider individual student differences, resulting in inadequate cultivation of personalized capabilities. This study aims to explore and achieve precise cultivation of educational design capabilities in education students through interactive, mobile, and adaptive learning platforms. This paper first reviews the current application of interactive mobile and adaptive learning platforms to cultivate educational design capabilities. It highlights deficiencies in existing research methods related to personalized matching and recommendation system design. To address these deficiencies, this study proposes a new set of adaptive matching methods. These methods include capability characteristic recognition based on competitive advantage thinking, the construction of individual strength models, as well as matching calculation, and decision- making scheme optimization using the projection decision method and the Hungarian method. Additionally, the study designs a learning project recommendation algorithm based on explicit ratings to enhance the accuracy and personalization of learning project recommendations. The application of these methods not only enhances the educational design capabilities of education students but also provides new theoretical support and practical guidance for the development of interactive, mobile, and adaptive learning platforms.
Innovations and Applications of Engineered Cementitious Composites and Alternative Materials
Authors: Madan Balpreet Singh , Viraj Dravid Sampada , Deenadayalan G. , Rathod Praveen , Arumugam Geetha , Boopathi S.
Published: April 2024

The construction industry is set for a transformative era with advancements in engineered cementitious composites (ECC) and alternative materials. This chapter explores their composition, properties, and applications, as well as alternative materials like geopolymers and recycled aggregates. It highlights the potential of these innovations to redefine construction practices, their environmental benefits, and economic viability. The chapter also discusses challenges in widespread adoption and offers potential solutions. Real-world case studies demonstrate successful applications of ECC and alternative materials, highlighting their performance and potential for further research.
From Classroom to Career
Authors: Jindal Ruby
Published: April 2024

Within this chapter, the exploration focuses on the varied journey students undertake when transitioning from their academic endeavors to the professional sphere. The emphasis lies in acknowledging the importance of embracing a holistic perspective that incorporates their academic foundation, skill development, practical experiences, mentorship, and fostering a growth-oriented mindset. Practical real-world examples and strategies are provided to aid students in effectively navigating this transitional phase. This chapter serves as an invaluable resource for educators, career advisors, and students navigating the dynamic and ever-evolving job market.
Exploring the Transformative Role of ChatGPT in Marketing
Authors: Nyamekye Michael Boadi , Agbemabiese George Cudjoe , Mahmoud Mahmoud Abdulai , Anim Patrick Amfo , Arthur Emmanuel , Sraha Gloria Ama Konadu , Quansah Fidelis
Published: April 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) and technology's possibilities and influence on marketing are crucial and well-known. ChatGPT is a new AI-powered technology that has caused a worldwide boom since its release, with substantial ramifications for all business practises. While acknowledging the growing body of work on ChatGPT, this study attempts to contribute to the ongoing debate by identifying the numerous prospects for employing ChatGPT as an enabler in marketing research and practise. It also highlights the difficulties associated with employing ChatGPT in marketing research. The chapter also discusses the potential for incorporating ChatGPT into other disciplines of marketing, including consumer behaviour, advertising, branding, and sales, as well as the practical consequences for managers. Finally, the chapter recognises the need for more study to better understand the scope of ChatGPT and offers a future research strategy. The chapter concludes by emphasising the significance of incorporating ChatGPT into marketing research and practises with human interaction.
The Emerging Potential of 21st Century Bio-Inspired Swarm Robotics in Modern Medical Surgery
Authors: Barua Ranjit
Published: April 2024

Bio-inspired swarm robotics in medical surgery involves taking inspiration from the collective behaviors and coordination strategies observed in natural swarms, such as ants, bees, fish schools, and bird flocks, and applying these principles to develop robotic systems for medical procedures. This innovative approach holds the potential to revolutionize various aspects of medical surgery. In swarm robotics, individual robots work together to accomplish tasks that are beyond the capabilities of a single robot. Similarly, in surgery, a group of small robots could collaborate to perform complex tasks like tissue manipulation, suturing, or assisting in delicate procedures. This chapter aims to offer a synopsis of the current state of swarm robotics technology in analysis, research potentials, and applications in the modern medical field.
Human-Swarm Interaction and Collaboration
Authors: Manna Monojit , Guchait Ahana , Bal Sauvik , Khan Faizal
Published: April 2024

Human intelligence plays a critical role in the operation of a multi-agent system. In order to explore, identify, and cover an environment, a human operator can collaborate with a robot thanks to the methods for operating swarm robots proposed in this research. Then, using an interactive control framework and control algorithms defined for an abstract task function, a human operator can control the movement of a swarm robot inside a working environment. In order for the human operator to comprehend the coverage control state of the swarm robot, environmental data is sent to the master devices. Input-to-state stability with static coverage control and stability and location tracking with dynamic coverage control are investigated for the human swarm system. The efficacy and efficiency of the suggested system are verified through experiments and numerical examples.
Real-World Applications of Bio-Inspired Swarm Robotics
Authors: Mahanta Kshyamasagar , Maringanti Hima Bindu , Chandra Maharaja Sriram
Published: April 2024

Bio-inspired swarm robotics is a captivating area that takes inspiration from collective behavior of social animals to create collaborative and autonomous robotic systems. This chapter explores real-world applications of bio-inspired swarm robotics, highlighting how it solves complex problems in various domains. Engineers have developed innovative robotic systems by studying self-organization, cooperation, and adaptation in natural swarms. This chapter delves into impactful applications of bio-inspired swarm robotics, showcasing adaptable and efficient robotic systems. Exploring diverse domains where swarm robotics makes a difference, readers gain insights into its potential and limitations in addressing real-world challenges. The chapter emphasizes achievements so far and paves the way for future innovation and exploration in swarm robotics.
Embracing NFTs in Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Paul Aapta , Malik Reena
Published: April 2024

Non fungible tokens (NFTs) are the new power tools in the hands of the marketers. Various companies are using NFTs in their marketing campaigns in order to attract and engage the target customer. Although, NFTs are relatively new and mysterious at the same time for the marketers. NFTs are also considered as a bridge between brands and their communities. The present study will explore the potential and challenges of NFTs in marketing campaigns utilizing secondary sources of the data. The chapter also focuses on the real-world examples of the companies reaping the benefits of using these new tools and techniques in the marketing field.
Exploring the Uncharted Waters
Authors: Deep Gagan , Verma Jyoti
Published: April 2024

This empirical investigation embarks on uncharted territory by employing a structural equation model (SEM) to scrutinize the multifaceted adoption dynamics of NFTs and cryptocurrency in marketing campaigns. The primary aim of this study is to empirically dissect and comprehend the intricate interplay of variables that underlie the adoption process of NFTs and cryptocurrencies within marketing contexts. By employing SEM, this research aspires to contribute empirical substantiation to the address, catering to the information needs of marketers, businesses, and policy stakeholders. Leveraging the analytical power of structural equation modeling, this study embraces a quantitative methodology to scrutinize the complex relationships among variables. The findings underscore the influence of factors such as brand alignment, consumer perceptions, and technological feasibility on adoption decisions. The study accentuates the pragmatic implications and ramifications of adopting these technologies, contributing valuable insights to practitioners and scholars alike.
Unleashing the Metaverse Potential
Authors: Arora Nitish , Jindal Tanvi
Published: April 2024

The present study is based on the role of NFTs and crypto currencies in unleashing the potential of metaverse. Retail which is as old as human history has gone through various paradigm shifts such as introduction of physical currency in the trade, introduction of e-commerce, digital payments, and now a new dimension—i.e., metauniverse, non-fungible tokens, and cryptocurrency—has been added to it, which is shaped up with the use of artificial intelligence. Metaverse has become a social amalgamation of virtual reality, real-world, and electronic dimension. It seems like meta universe and crypto currency are natural partners, as metaverse which is based on augmented reality; it does require a digital currency which can be used by virtual avatars at meta retail stores. So crypto currency which is a digital currency can be used in meta universe. The crypto currency is based on block chain technology which gives the avatars a sign of security and safety.
Análise preliminar no estudo das cônicas: o caso da parábola no contexto dos cursos de licenciatura em matemática no Ceará
Authors: Sousa Renata Teófilo de , Alves Francisco Régis Vieira , Souza Maria José Araújo
Published: April 2024

Este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar diferentes documentos que forneçam informações sobre o currículo da disciplina de Geometria Analítica em cursos de licenciatura em Matemática, ofertados por Instituições de Ensino Superior públicas no estado do Ceará, observando se a noção de parábola é contemplada no estudo desta disciplina e de que forma ocorre sua abordagem com os graduandos. Para tal, a metodologia adotada ao estruturar este trabalho consiste na primeira fase da Engenharia Didática, que é a análise preliminar. Esta primeira análise foi documental, realizada a partir de ementários da disciplina e de programas curriculares dos cursos de licenciatura em Matemática. Os documentos analisados foram disponibilizados por sete instituições públicas, sendo seis Universidades e um Instituto Federal. Neste estudo foram observados aspectos como objetivos da disciplina, forma de avaliação, procedimentos de ensino, bibliografia utilizada, entre outras informações consideradas relevantes, quando disponíveis, almejando compreender as lacunas durante a formação inicial dos professores de matemática no referido tema. Os resultados apontam para a demanda de materiais de apoio direcionados a uma abordagem da parábola que vincule sua aplicação tanto no contexto da Geometria Analítica quanto das funções, bem como para a necessidade de manter a conexão destes tópicos de estudo no percurso entre a educação básica e o ensino superior.
A comprehensive evaluation of safety and awareness in eyebrow microblading: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Argobi Yahya , Jadaan Norah Saad , Alharbi Waleed Obaid , Asiri Sohaila Ahmed , Abdullah Alhatlani Juri Ahmad , Obaid Nujood Hassan , Marei Ali Alqahtani Seham
Published: April 2024

The importance of eyebrows in facial aesthetics has long been recognized, and eyebrows restoration is carried out by carefully depositing pigments into the epidermis. This cosmetic procedure is known as microblading which is very popular because of the progress in social media platforms. This study was designed to determine the awareness of eyebrow microblading, complication and laser removal in general population of Saudi Arabia. This was a cross-sectional study conducted in four different regions in Saudi Arabia (Asir, Qasim, Jawf, and Eastern province), from June 2023 to December 2023. Only females were included, and an online questionnaire was distributed. A convenient non-probability sampling method was adopted to gather data from participants. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 21. A total of 705 participants were included in the study, with the majority 281 (39.9%) falling into the age group >35 years, and the mean age was 29.1±11.9 years. The study revealed a moderate level of awareness (65%) among participants regarding eyebrow microblading. However, alarming gaps regarding hygiene practices in microblading setups still exist. Notably, facing complications during the surgery was identified as a statistically significant factor associated with a higher level of awareness (p=0.049). Of the participants, 17.4% had undergone eyebrow microblading, with friends being the source of advice for 39.5% of them. Laser removal was chosen by more than 60% of microblading recipients, with varying degrees of pleasure and satisfaction reported. Eyebrow microblading is a successful cosmetic procedure with aesthetic advantages. However, this study also emphasizes the necessity for extensive public education regarding microblading, including its associated risks, restrictions, and appropriate practices. To ensure safe and ethical practices, stringent laws and licensing for certified professionals are also deemed essential.
Over 25 Years of Hope: Development of Lymphatic Filariasis Patient Support Groups in Haiti
Authors: Beau De Rochars Valery Madsen , Coreil Jeannine , Désir Martha , Mayard Gladys , Michel Marie Carmel , Milord Marie Denise , Carpenter Rand , Streit Thomas G. , Désir Luccène , Noland Gregory S. , Addiss David G.
Published: April 2024

Support groups can create environments that are conducive to healing and well-being, particularly for persons with stigmatizing chronic diseases. In 1998, the support group concept was adapted in Haiti for persons with disabling lymphedema caused by lymphatic filariasis (LF). The project was developed with the expectation that the support group model conceived in the developed world be interpreted and modified by persons affected with lymphedema in the Haitian setting. Initiated with modest financial support within a research initiative to eliminate LF, a total of 50 “Hope Clubs” were formed from 1998 to 2023 across seven communes (districts) located in 3 of Haiti’s 10 regional Departments. Documented benefits of the support groups included improved limb self-care, decreased incidence of inflammatory episodes (adenolymphangitis), enhanced self-efficacy, economic benefit through microenterprise, and improved quality of life. Despite challenges of funding shortfalls, natural disasters, and political insecurity, persistence of LF support groups in Haiti highlights the crucial role of group ownership by affected persons and the freedom to reinvent the support group concept in light of local social, cultural, and economic conditions.
The Design of Operational Design Condition for Automated Driving
System
Authors: Sun Hang , Wu Jiajie , Zhang Miao , Zhang Hang
Published: April 2024

A new revolution has taken place in the automobile industry in recent years,
intelligent and connected vehicle (ICV) [1] has achieved a higher market share in recent years and relevant
technologies have been quickly developed and widely accepted, so the auto
industry needs to make regulations for automated driving system (ADS) on ICVs,
mainly to assure the safety of ICV. To meet the requirements above, the
definition of operational design domain (ODD) [2, 3] was put forward by the
Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) and International Organization for
Standardization (ISO) a few years ago. ODD defines necessary external
environment conditions for the ADS to operate, but the internal status of the
vehicle is also a key part of judging whether ADS can operate safely. Based on
that, we propose a novel definition named operational design condition (ODC),
which can supersede ODD to play a bigger role in improving regulations and
standards, and promoting vehicle safety and technological development. We
summarize the research about ODD, analyze the relationship between ODC and ODD,
and list the advantages of the proposed definition of ODC. ODC is designed based
on the principle of layered description, concerns for safety, perceivable, and
minimal collection, which will promote technologies and cooperation based on a
deeper and common understanding.
Assessing the sorption of uranium and thorium from simulated solutions using chemically treated biomass of Sargassum aquifolium macroalgae
Authors: Albayari Mohammad , Nordin Norazzizi , Adnan Rohana , Khalili Fawwaz , Nazal Mazen
Published: April 2024

This study aimed to investigate the potential application of activated Sargassum aquifolium macroalgae (ASAM) as a biosorbent for uranium(VI) and thorium(IV) ions, employing controlled experimental conditions. The parameters examined included pH, biosorbent mass, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. To enhance sorption characteristics, the raw Sargassum aquifolium macroalgae (SAM) biomass underwent separate pre-treatments using phosphoric acid (H3PO4) and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Various models were employed to analyze the kinetic and sorption isotherm data, and thermodynamic parameters were determined to assess the sorption mechanism. The KOH-treated SAM demonstrated a higher capacity for biosorbing U(VI) and Th(IV) compared to the acid-treated biomass. The sorption mechanism was investigated through characterization techniques such as FTIR, SEM/EDS, XRD, Zeta-potential, and BET analysis. The desorption-sorption cycle efficiency of both sorbents was evaluated, indicating that 0.1 mol L-1 HNO3 exhibited the most efficient desorption reagent for both metal cations over five consecutive cycles. These findings suggest the potential of ASAM as a biosorbent for removing U(VI) and Th(IV) from aqueous solutions. Furthermore, the study demonstrated the remarkable effectiveness of the two activated sorbents in eliminating U(VI) and Th(IV) ions from real wastewater samples.
Analysis Volatility Spillover of Stock Index in ASEAN (Case Study: Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia)
Authors: Labitta Kirana Fara , Susanti Dwi , Sukono Sukono
Published: April 2024

Every country has its own income, including ASEAN countries such as Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia. One source of national income can come from stocks, which can be measured by the stock index. The income of each country depends on each other and can be influenced by a phenomenon, such as the Covid-19 pandemic. The Covid-19 pandemic can also cause volatility spillover. This research aims to analyze volatility spillover in ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Singapore, and Malaysia) before and during Covid-19 by looking at the effects of asymmetric volatility. Volatility spillover testing in this study uses the Exponential Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (EGARCH) model, starting with creating a time series model and then modeling the residuals from that model, then finding the estimated parameter results of asymmetric volatility effects. The results of this study indicate that during the period before Covid-19, there is volatility spillover for Indonesia and Malaysia. Then, during the Covid-19 period, there is volatility spillover for Indonesia and Malaysia, for Indonesia and Singapore, and for Singapore and Malaysia.
One-step block scheme with optimal hybrid points for numerical integration of second-order ordinary differential equations
Authors: Akinnukawe Blessing Iziegbe , Okunuga Solomon Adewale
Published: April 2024

In this paper, a one-step block of optimized hybrid schemes for the numerical integration of second-order initial value problems (IVP) of ordinary differential equations (ODE) is constructed via collocation techniques. The developed scheme is obtained by considering two intra-step nodal points as hybrid points, which are chosen in order to achieve optimized errors of the main formulae approximating the solution such that 0 < v1 < v 2 < 1 where v1 and v2 are defined as hybrid points. The characteristics of the developed scheme are analyzed. Application of the new scheme on some second-order IVPs shows the accuracy and effectiveness of the scheme compared with some existing methods.
Iterative method for the numerical solution of optimal control model for mosquito and insecticide
Authors: Adamu S. , Aduroja O. O. , Onanaye A. S. , Odekunle M. R.
Published: April 2024

A linear multistep method is transformed into an iterative method based on Patade and Bhalekar's technique for the numerical solution of the optimal control problem modeled for mosquito and insecticide management using forward-backward sweep methods via Pontryagin's principle. Stability and convergence analysis of the iterative method are carried out, and it is found to be stable, convergent, and of order four. Results obtained by the method clearly show that the population of mosquitoes can be minimized to a large extent using the new iterative method while reducing the harmful effects of the insecticide, subsequently reducing the spread of malaria.
Defining evidence requirements for a Development Framework for Pharmacists (DFP) in community pharmacy practice
Authors: Chong Joy Boon Ka , Lim Shun Wei , Goh Xue Liang , Gan Sarah Li Hui , Wee Hwee Lin
Published: April 2024

Background: The Development Framework for Pharmacists (DFP) was implemented in a pharmacy chain to guide pharmacist development. Both pharmacists and their supervisors faced challenges in defining evidence and performance levels for Domain 1 (Expert professional practice) standards. This study explored these challenges in a community pharmacy setting.
Methods: Three online focus group discussions (FGDs) involving a DFP workgroup member and representatives from community pharmacies and polyclinics were conducted. The FGDs were facilitated by guiding questions and evidences gathered from pharmacists who had attempted the DFP. The FGDs were recorded, transcribed, and coded thematically.
Results: Participants viewed the DFP as relevant to community practice but suggested aligning DFP evidence examples with community pharmacists’ responsibilities. Key themes from the FGDs included: (1) The need for clear definitions for descriptors, especially when identical evidence was used for different standards; (2) Professional education can be Domain 1 evidence when skills learned are demonstrated in the workplace; (3) Potential inclusion of education and training activities in Domain 1. (4) The need for a criteria model to assess pharmacists’ performance level in various roles and situations; (5) Clarification regarding the term "group of patients" (6) Considering back-end work as Domain 1 evidence.
Conclusion: Addressing the above themes could enhance DFP integration for community pharmacists.
Bridging the theory-practice gap in pharmacy education using an authentic learning approach: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Depasquale Clare , Gray Gwen
Published: April 2024

Background: Authentic learning environments highlight real-world relevance to students, contributing to readiness for practice. This study evaluated the impact of an educational activity on student pharmacist learning and personal/professional development.
Methods: An activity similar to that used by practising pharmacy professionals to record errors during dispensing was included in simulated community pharmacy workshops delivered to Year-2 students as part of a Professional Practice Module. Students were instructed to complete entries when academic staff identified errors during final accuracy checks. Student evaluation surveys were analysed at the end of terms one and two of the academic year. Descriptive statistics were used for closed questions, and thematic analysis for open-ended responses.
Results: Of the 75 student pharmacists who completed both evaluation surveys, 64% (n=48) recorded fewer errors in term two. Respondents considered the exercise helpful in highlighting the need for more attention to detail and identifying negative trends in their dispensing process. A positive response to personal/professional development was noted, with student pharmacists commenting that the activity facilitated reflection.
Conclusion: This activity has allowed students to experience real-world working situations, extending their learning experience, facilitating personal/professional development, and encouraging best practices.
Funciones corticales superiores. Neuroanatomía, neurofisiología y su relación disfuncional
Authors: Carmenate Milian Lino
Published: April 2024

El libro ofrece un análisis detallado de la anatomía y fisiología del sistema nervioso, destacando neuronas, células gliales, sinapsis y neurotransmisores. Aborda la importancia de la neuroglía en el sistema nervioso central y periférico, así como su papel en procesos patológicos. Se explora la relevancia clínica del sistema nervioso, su división en central y periférico, y la función de estructuras como la médula espinal y el sistema límbico. Además, se discuten conceptos como la consciencia, la atención, la orientación y la memoria, junto con sus correlaciones clínicas. Se detallan los procesos sensoriales y motores, así como la influencia de las emociones y la toma de decisiones en la conducta. El texto también aborda temas como el lenguaje, el libre albedrío, la toma de decisiones, el insight y su relevancia clínica en diversas enfermedades neurológicas y psiquiátricas.
Atención
Authors: Medina Guillen Leonardo Flavio
Published: April 2024

Se aborda la atención desde una perspectiva neurocientífica, definiéndola como un proceso esencial para filtrar información y lograr la percepción, siendo crucial para gestionar los recursos limitados en la neocorteza. Se describe la atención en sus diversas formas, como el escrutinio y la atención focal, así como sus divisiones involuntaria y voluntaria. A su vez, se explora la anatomía de la atención, resaltando la participación de estructuras como el córtex prefrontal y los sistemas neuroquímicos noradrenérgico, colinérgico y dopaminérgico. Se establece una correlación clínica, mencionando síndromes como la negligencia y trastornos como el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH). En resumen, se ofrece una visión integral de la atención, desde sus bases anatómicas hasta sus manifestaciones clínicas más relevantes.
Juicio
Authors: Durón Wendy M.
Published: April 2024

Se define como la capacidad que tiene un sujeto para interpretar su ambiente correctamente para orientar su conducta en forma apropiada. Este se ve influenciado directamente por un adecuado funcionamiento de la memoria, conciencia, pensamiento, lenguaje, percepción y sistema motor. Las emociones juegan un rol importante en la toma de decisiones, las cuales ayudan a predecir y a emitir juicios, formar intenciones y planificar nuestras acciones, procesos que no podrían realizarse sin una carga emocional. Existen dos principales sistemas que se involucran en el proceso de la toma de decisiones, un sistema que corresponde a la intuición (sistema práctico), donde se relaciona principalmente la actividad de la amígdala cerebral Neurociencias aplicadas a las funciones cognitivas y sus correlatos neuronales, y un sistema que atañe al razonamiento (sistema analítico), que corresponde a la corteza prefrontal, particularmente, en su porción ventromedial y sus conexiones.
The Role of Emotions in Qualitative Analysis: Researchers’ Perspectives
Authors: Lustick Hilary , Yang Xiaoye , Hakouz Abeer
Published: April 2024

Qualitative research is an inherently social and relational endeavor that relies on and engages our emotions. Yet, researchers receive little guidance on how to engage emotions without being swayed by personal biases. Lustick (2021) developed a framework called “emotion coding” for systematically engaging thoughts and emotions in qualitative data analysis by asking what a chunk of data can teach us about ourselves, our participants, and our study. In this study, we interviewed 15 researchers who had tried using the emotion coding technique, about their impressions of this technique and the role of emotion in qualitative research overall. Framed by Goffman and Hochschild’s theories of emotion work, we find that emotions play a key role in researchers’ decisions throughout the research process, but that researchers are more likely to engage in emotion work (adjusting their feelings) when they perceive their participants hold a different level of privilege than they do. Emotion coding was a useful way to be more aware of their emotions and more intentional about how these emotions influence their findings and design decisions. We discuss implications for qualitative methodology.
Demystifying the Notion of Charisma: Micro-Ethnography on a Veteran-Teacher’s Classroom Practices
Authors: Gould-Yakovleva Olga
Published: April 2024

This IRB-approved and grounded in social semiotics theory micro-ethnographic case study was conducted within a longitudinal ethnography project and is focused on the teaching style of one veteran teacher in a public urban elementary school in the North-Eastern United States. The data in this qualitative micro-ethnographic case study were collected from multiple sources (e.g., field notes, observations, interviews, audio- and video-recordings). The interview data were analyzed using Saldaña’s (2013) thematic and value coding. The focus research participants’ verbal and non-verbal behaviors during her interactions with her students were analyzed in accordance with the micro-ethnographic research traditions. The above data were triangulated with the ones from the multimodal language analysis. This research found that teachers may set the goal and develop in themselves highly attractive for students so-called charismatic professional qualities.