bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño y validación de una herramienta de valoración del nivel de especificidad de las situaciones simuladoras preferenciales en fútbol. [Design and validation of a Specificity level assessment tool for preferential simulation situation in football].
Authors: Camenforte Ismael , Casamichana David , Cos Francesc , Castellano Julen , Fernández Javier
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de este trabajo fue diseñar una herramienta para valorar el nivel de especificidad de las Situaciones Simuladoras Preferenciales (SSP) en fútbol. El nivel de especificidad se valoró a partir de las variables estructurales propias a la SSP. Se analizaron 100 SSP realizadas por un equipo de fútbol profesional durante las temporadas 2016-17 y 2017-18. El modelo estadístico generó un vector con 28 componentes numéricos, seguidamente se calculó la distancia de cada vector respecto a la referencia, el partido, para normalizar dicho valor en un rango de entre 1 y 10 (1 poca y 10 mucha especificidad respecto a un partido de fútbol). Los resultados indican que la herramienta de valoración del nivel de especificidad permite categorizar y agrupar las SSP estudiadas acorde a su lógica interna. La utilización de esta herramienta permite objetivar el nivel de especificidad de las SSP, lo que podría ayudar a los técnicos deportivos en la programación, diseño y análisis de programas de intervención para optimizar el rendimiento de los jugadores en el fútbol formativo y profesional.
Ética e bioética no mundo científico: uma revisão integrativa
Authors: Souza-Junior Edison Vitório de , Rosa Randson Souza , Guedes Tarcísio Pereira , Silva Cristiane dos Santos , Ribeiro Daiane Brito , Balbinote Franciele Soares , de Souza Débora Fraga , Teixeira Raissa Brito , Silva Filho Benedito Fernandes da , Sawada Namie Okino
Published: December 2020

Objetivou-se analisar, por meio da literatura, a realidade das questões éticas e bioéticas no mundo científico. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, realizada com artigos contidos em três bases de dados. Foram utilizados sete Descritores em Ciências da Saúde, a partir dos quais foram elaboradas três combinações utilizadas em todas as bases. Após aplicar os critérios de inclusão, foram selecionados 18 artigos. As más condutas, especialmente o plágio, a falsificação e fabricação de dados vêm apresentando comportamento crescente e requerem medidas mais severas para seu controle, a fim de manter a credibilidade científica perante a sociedade e os órgãos superiores.
Una nueva profesión técnica. ¿Y porqué no?
Authors: Casas Maria de la Luz
Published: December 2020

Carta al editor. Una nueva profesión técnica. ¿Y porqué no?
Potential Benefits of the EAPI Agro-processing Skills Training Course on Micro, Small, and Medium Scale (MSMEs) Agro-processors in Uganda
Authors: Kigozi Julia , Baidhe Emmanuel , Oluk Isaac , Mukisa Ivan , Muyanja Charles , Namubiru Leatitiah , Katarikawe Brenda
Published: December 2020

Micro, Small, and Medium Scale Enterprises (MSMEs) in Uganda contribute significantly to socio-economic growth and development. Several training programs have been organized to upgrade the skills and competencies of personnel in these agro-processing enterprises but these often lack a wholistic approach. An Empowerment of the Agro-Processing Industry (EAPI) training was organised to include eight modules covering the key concepts necessary for an agro-processor. These included; food process and value-chain management, product optimization, national and international food standards, Good Management Practices (GMP) and hygienic food processing, quality control, waste management, infrastructure development for food production and food product marketing. This study assessed the potential benefits of the EAPI training on 40 agro-processors from 40 selected agro-processing facilities. Upon completion of a three-day skills development training, MSME practitioners were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Descriptive, scale, and thematic analysis were used in the study. The questionnaire used was reliable (Cronbach’s coefficient alpha for relevancy = 0.873). Agro-processors found all modules relevant with an average score ranging between 8.7 and 9.5 on a scale of 10. Increase in knowledge, and interaction between stakeholders were the most outstanding potential benefits of the training. Respondents anticipated improving their operations after the training. Provision of handouts, increasing the number of days for the training, and simplifying the language of delivery were some of the suggested improvements. The study suggests that trainings of this nature could improve operations at different agro-processing facilities.
Behavioral Bias in Individual Investment Decisions: Is It a Common Phenomenon in Stock Markets?
Authors: Elhussein Nawal Hussein Abbas , Abdelgadir Jarel Nabi Ahmed
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to investigate the behavioral factors that influence individual investment decision making at a developing country stock market; the Sudanese Stock Exchange Market. The Study employs a cross-sectional survey design as well as analytical methods to collect the necessary data and establish the relationship between the study variables. Data is collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 203 individual investors and Correlation and Regression methods are used to conduct the analysis. The findings of the paper provide evidence that behavioral biases play a noticeable role in individual investment decision making process regardless of the degree of development of the stock market. The paper demonstrates that heuristic and market factors play a dominant role in the process of individual decision making in the Khartoum Stock Exchange. The factors that have a significant impact on individual investment decision making process include Representativeness, Overconfidence, Anchoring, Historical cost of stock, Customer preferences, Loss aversion, Mental accounting, Other investors’ trading volume, and Quick reaction to changes in other investors ‘decisions. Factors that have an insignificant impact include Availability bias, Change in stock prices, Regret aversion, and Other investors’ decisions and choices.
The behaviour of exterior beam-column joints
Authors: Paulay T. , Scarpas A.
Published: December 2020

Analytical models for the design of column-beam joints in earthquake resisting multistorey frames, largely developed in New Zealand, are reviewed. These models were based on evidence obtained from the study of interior joints. To verify the applicability of such models also to exterior beam-column joints, where a better anchorage for the beam reinforcement is possible, three units were tested under reversed cyclic simulated seismic loading. Excellent response was exhibited in spite of the use in two units of only about one half of the currently recommended amount of horizontal joint shear reinforcement. After a detailed description of the observed performance of each test unit, an explanation is offered for the surprisingly good response.
WhatsApp Activities for Enhancing TEFL Pedagogical Knowledge and Classroom Practices: Suggested Types and Student-Teachers' Reflection
Authors: Shaaban Sumer Salman Abou
Published: December 2020

This research was conducted to suggest a set of WhatsApp activities to enhance pedagogical knowledge and classroom practices that can be used in TEFL courses and to explore student-teachers' reflection towards the use of WhatsApp and the suggested activities. By reviewing related literature of using social networks and WhatsApp and though interviewing (9) TEFL instructors and (17) TEFL student-teachers, the researcher was able to suggest several activities that were used effectively in TEFL courses. These activities are: (1) reading materials (2) prediction ideas to get interest for the next lecture (3) videos (4) questions for flip classes or reviewing questions or proposing a problem to solve (5) open discussion topics or reflection on the lecture. A set of bases for using WhatsApp activities such as: posting clear content and having clear instructions for doing the activity, meeting FL student-teachers' language level or little higher language level, and not overloading TEFL student-teachers was presented. A group of (104) TEFL student-teachers from the faculty of education at Al-Azhar University-Gaza completed the following three reflection questions: what are the benefits of using WhatsApp and the suggested activities? What are the disadvantages of using WhatsApp and the suggested activities? What are the recommendations for improving the usage of WhatsApp applications and the suggested activities? Their responses were analysed qualitatively and quantitatively. The most common benefits were classified under (a.) pedagogical knowledge (b.) classroom practices (c.) review and evaluation (quizzes or tests) (d.) course requirements. On the other hand, the mentioned disadvantages were classified as (a.) technical and security problems (b.) communication problems.
Governance, Globalization, and Sustainable Development: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Langnel Zechariah , Pathranarakul Pairote
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes some assumptions on the intricate relationship between governance, globalization, and sustainable development. A literature-based analysis was used. We assume that because environmental problems are complex, multi-faced, and transboundary, the relationship between governance and sustainable development may not always be linear. With respect to political institutions, we propose that a democracy is most likely (than autocracy) to promote sustainable development. The paper further signals that though globalization is likely to exert a negative impact on sustainable development, the relationship may be moderated by the level of economic development as well as the institutional quality. These assumptions will help researchers and practitioners in sustainability studies and other allied fields.
3rd Colombian educational workshop on regulatory assessment of biosimilars 2019 –
Report
Authors: Borg John-Joseph , Gramajo Yolanda Elias , Laslop Andrea , Thorpe Robin , Wang Jian
Published: December 2020

Introduction: Biosimilars have the potential to improve access to medicines for
many across the globe. However, work is required to ensure adequate regulation,
pharmacovigilance and education about biosimilars. Colombia implemented biosimilars
regulation in 2017 and a 3rd Colombian Educational Workshop was organized by GaBI and
the Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (INVIMA) in 2019 to
follow up on progress and provide a forum for further discussion. Methods: The 3rd
Colombian Educational Workshop on Regulatory Assessment was held in Bogotá, Colombia on
30 April 2019. The format included expert speaker presentations, a panel discussion,
Q&A sessions and case study workgroup discussions. Participants included regulators,
clinicians, pharmacists, academics and healthcare professionals from Colombia who are
involved in biological/ biosimilar medicines evaluation, and expert speakers from
Canada, Europe and the US. Results: Presentations and topics of discussion included the
current status of biosimilars regulation in Colombia, how to carry out a quality
assessment of a biological/biosimilar, pharmacological and clinical studies, and
extrapolation of indications. Conclusion: The meeting helped to clarify many regulatory
concepts and concerns, and highlighted Colombia’s initial successes since the
implementation of its regulatory guidelines. In addition, the meeting acted as a forum
to exchange knowledge on best practice, and to discuss pharmacovigilance and the future
plans for education regarding biosimilars in Colombia. Several key action points were
concluded following the discussions.
»Bis der letzte Zentner fossilen Brennstoffs verglüht ist« Max Weber über natürliche Ressourcen und das Ende des Kapitalismus
Authors: Hanke Edith
Published: December 2020

Das Ende des Kapitalismus zu denken ist nichts Neues. Das Erstaunliche ist, dass Max Weber, der nicht im Verdacht steht, ein Sozialist oder Kommunist gewesen zu sein, dies bereits vor über 100 Jahren getan hat - und zwar mit Bezug auf die fossilen Brennstoffe. Das rückt ihn an die Forderungen der »Green Economy« heran, aber bei genauem Hinsehen ist die Energie- und Rohstoffbasis nur ein Faktor in Webers komplexem Gebilde des modernen Kapitalismus.
Hazardous Waste Management
Authors: Kanagamani Krishnaswamy , Geethamani P. , Narmatha M.
Published: December 2020

Waste management is one of the vital environmental issues since last few decades. It has been noted that the generation of waste increases with increasing population, industrialization and urbanization etc. The waste management strategy includes both non-hazardous and hazardous waste management. Non-hazardous waste does not cause potential threat to environment but instead hazardous waste is the waste that poses substantial or potential threats to public health and the environment. Rapidly growing industrial sector has contributed to the generation of large quantity of hazardous waste material. Therefore, to reduce environmental hazard, proper attention is required during storage, segregation, transportation and disposal of hazardous waste, because it cannot be disposed as off in the environment. This study explains about hazardous wastes, types and management.
Urologic Implications and Management in Spina Bifida
Authors: Gutiérrez-González Adrián , Iván Robles-Torres José , García-Sánchez Daniel
Published: December 2020

Urological disorders, including urinary infections, incontinence, and renal failure, represent a significant source of morbidity and mortality in these patients. Long-term mortality is associated to urological causes in approximately 33%. In order to prevent this complications, urologic evaluation since early childhood must be done. The evaluation of the degree of damage to the urinary tract and the determination of the type of neurogenic bladder involved in the spina bifida spectrum will be the guideline for establishing therapeutic management, which can be from behavioral modifications, medical management, minimally invasive therapy and, as a last resort, surgery. In this chapter, we will discuss the wide spectrum of urologic implications, a brief reminder of urinary tract physiology and the pathological processes involved in spina bífida, as well as long-term complications. The diagnostic evaluation of urinary tract and the different therapeutic modalities according to the type of neurogenic bladder and age will be discussed.
Total Beta—Where Does It Fit in Valuation Theory
Authors: Grabowski Roger J. , Aboulamer Anas
Published: December 2020

The valuation of any company by the discounted cash flow method is divided into two different tasks: forecasting cash flows and discounting these same cash flows using the appropriate discount rate. The latter requires a good understanding of the risks faced by the subject company's cash flows to be able to determine the appropriate risk premia to compensate a typical willing buyer and satisfy a typical willing seller. There is a high level of ambiguity and dispersion of opinions about how to quantify these risks especially when valuing closely held companies. To avoid dealing with the task of identifying and measuring components of the appropriate risk premia for the subject company, some practitioners have turned to a measure that, supposedly, lumps all risks together (which they term Total Beta) and purportedly then allows one to estimate a total cost of equity. The proponents of total beta believe that by using a “total risk” beta there is no need to consider size premia, lack of marketability premia or company specific risk premia.

Critics of total beta argue that there is no theoretical basis for total beta as a measure of total risk. This paper argues for the camp of the critics of total beta because we believe it represents a major departure from finance theory and does not adjust the cost of capital correctly for Company Specific Risk. Then, we examine academic research to show that the two major arguments used by total beta proponents to discredit the existing model do not hold. We do not argue that the existing models are absolute truth. We recognize the limitation of the CAPM and/or Modified CAPM models and we admit their inability of answer all questions regarding the cost of equity. However, we believe that total beta is not a step in the right direction.
Applying LBT in Group Settings
Authors: Piozzini Barbara ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This study is to show how the Logic-Based Therapy (LBT) method can be applied to groups in an attempt to point out possible risks and benefits of its application related to a group context. From observation and analysis a single practical case has been outlined, taking into consideration influence of group dynamics on the counselees’ cognitive processes during the LBT session. Judging from the analysis of the outlined results, it seems that intersubjectivity can play an important role if considered as a productive resource in the co-construction of a changing process among LBT group members during the application of its six steps. In particular, new research fields on the need to analyze LBT in groups have been opened, exploiting the possibility to consider the group as an autonomous entity, especially in long term counseling therapies.
Systemic Impact of a Virtuous Logic-Based Therapy Practitioner
Authors: Morrison Keith ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

Using a combination of phenomenology, process-relational ontology, Buddhist philosophy, and systems science the following article aims to provide a framework for the practice of LBT wherein it is understood that individual positive causal networks established through the practitioner/client dyad are implicitly influencing the establishment of further positive causal networks in the social networks in which the practitioner and client are enmeshed.
Civility at the Breaking Point
Authors: Newhart Laura ,   National Philosophical Counseling Association
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the recent social phenomenon of the confrontation by critics of government officials while they are out in public, yet engaged in “private” activities, e.g. eating dinner at a restaurant, shopping in a bookstore, or getting into their cars. This paper argues that such confrontations are a symptom of the lack of trust brought on by the absence of shared social values that results in toxic forms of public discourse, the blurring of the classical liberal distinction between the public and the private realms, and the inability to hold one another responsible for the violation of self-avowed moral norms. Implicit in this argument is the conclusion that such confrontations are ineffective at best. Some have suggested more physical intermingling among people who hold conflicting political views in order to establish such trust (Haidt, Wilk). In the absence of such opportunities for intermingling, sharing our value-laden personal stories with each other, in the spirit and style of Michelle Obama’s memoir Becoming, might help to create tolerance and trust among those with differing political perspectives.
Sociologists’ Feast during the Plague. XII Conference of the Lithuanian Society of Sociologists ‘Sociology and Welfare State in Modern Lithuania’
Authors: Matulionis Arvydas Virgilijus
Published: December 2020

In a shot review, materials of the national conference were presented. Theoretical and practical problems about the Welfare State in Modern Lithuania were discussed there.
“Cláusulas de permanencia”, prácticas comerciales desleales, y estrategias competitivas a la luz de ciertos contratos con operadoras móviles en España: Una visión holística del asunto
Authors: Ruiz Martin Anna María
Published: December 2020

En el contenido de determinadas “condiciones generales de la contratación” establecidas en contratos de adhesión, y en concreto, de algunas compañías de telefonía móvil, es una práctica común, la inclusión de cierta “cláusula predispuesta” que por sus características y tras el análisis realizado en esta contribución podrían llegar a considerarse como una cláusula abusiva. Por otro lado, podrían además, tener la condición de práctica comercial desleal según lo establecido en la Ley 3/1991 de Competencia desleal española, atendiendo a lo dispuesto en la Directiva de prácticas comerciales desleales. El análisis pretende poner de relieve estos dos aspectos que están relacionados con otro problema de fondo. La dificultad y falta de mecanismos adecuados entre el reproche de deslealtad y el reproche que se hace en el ámbito del Derecho de los contratos de consumo Business to Consumer-B2C de abusividad a ciertas prácticas. De otro lado, se analiza de forma sucinta, si la inclusión de estas cláusulas podría considerarse como una estrategia competitiva en el Mercado de las Telecomunicaciones de tipo Business to Business-B2B por aquellos operadores que las predisponen en sus contratos de adhesión frente a los operadores, que siendo de menor tamaño, no las predisponen en estos mismos contratos.

General Conditions of the Contracts, which are included in certain Adhesion contracts (Standard Form Contracts) and are drafted by the telephone operators companies, include a very special kind of clauses, “retention covenants”. These clauses constitute a limitation for the users and consumers, which also it refrain them to withdrawal the contract with the Mobil operator. One of the drawbacks is that, these legal conditions are allowed to the detriment of the weaker party, the consumer. According to the analysis, these kinds of clauses can be also constitutive of aggressive practices typified in the current Spanish Unfair competition Act and the European Consumer Law, stressing the problems between the connection between the unfair commercial practices and Consumer Contract Law, i.e.: considering these clauses not only as abusives but also unfairs. Moreover, these practices from a Business-to-Business (B2B) approach could be considered an anti-competitive practice, because by means of its establishemnt in these contracts, are hampering the competition, in the Telecommunications Market
Cerebellar and vestibular nuclear synapses in the inferior olive have distinct release kinetics and neurotransmitters
Authors: Turecek Josef , Regehr Wade G
Published: December 2020

The inferior olive (IO) is composed of electrically-coupled neurons that make climbing fiber synapses onto Purkinje cells. Neurons in different IO subnuclei are inhibited by synapses with wide ranging release kinetics. Inhibition can be exclusively synchronous, asynchronous, or a mixture of both. Whether the same boutons, neurons or sources provide these kinetically distinct types of inhibition was not known. We find that in mice the deep cerebellar nuclei (DCN) and vestibular nuclei (VN) are two major sources of inhibition to the IO that are specialized to provide inhibitory input with distinct kinetics. DCN to IO synapses lack fast synaptotagmin isoforms, release neurotransmitter asynchronously, and are exclusively GABAergic. VN to IO synapses contain fast synaptotagmin isoforms, release neurotransmitter synchronously, and are mediated by combined GABAergic and glycinergic transmission. These findings indicate that VN and DCN inhibitory inputs to the IO are suited to control different aspects of IO activity.
(No) competition between deverbal nouns and nominalized infinitives in Spanish
Authors: Schirakowski Barbara
Published: December 2020

This paper explores the distribution of deverbal nouns and nominalized infinitives that are built on transitive verbs and occur in eventive interpretations. The study is empirically oriented and based on an acceptability judgment experiment in which argument realization and interpretational possibilities are manipulated as the independent variables. The results show that deverbal nouns prefer but are not limited to realizing the lower argument of the base, whereas nominalized infinitives are mostly restricted to realizing the higher argument. Furthermore, deverbal nouns turn out to be insensitive with regard to the distinction between episodic and generic event readings, while nominalized infinitives are shown to be specialized on generic interpretations. Deverbal nouns and nominalized infinitives are, thus, mostly neither paradigmatically interchangeable nor complementarily distributed as nominalized infinitives reach the same degree of acceptability as deverbal nouns only under very narrow conditions. With regard to the ecological validity of the experimental approach, a comparison to corpus data indicates that high frequency clearly correlates with acceptability, but that the same does not hold for low frequency and unacceptability, that is forms that are not (sufficiently) attested in the corpus do not necessarily receive low ratings within the judgment task. The study, thus, also addresses a number of methodological issues in the study of event nominals.
In vitro and in vivo hypolipidemic properties of the aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis, cultivated in colored flasks under artificial illumination
Authors: Al-Saman Mahmoud A. , Doleib Nada M. , Ibrahim Mohamed R. , Nasr Mohamed Y. , Tayel Ahmed A. , Hamouda Ragaa A.
Published: December 2020

Background

Spirulina is blue-green algae that grows mainly in tropical and subtropical lakes and is commonly used due to its nutritional features including high concentrations of protein, vitamins, mineral salts, carotenoids and antioxidants. This study aimed to investigate the anti-hypercholesterolemic potential of aqueous extract of Spirulina platensis cultivated in different colored flasks under artificial illumination; in vitro and in the diet induced hypercholesterolemic Swiss albino mice.

Methods

Spirulina platensis was cultivated in red, blue, green and colorless Erlenmeyer flasks containing Zarrouk’s medium under aerobic conditions, with incessant illumination by artificial cool white fluorescent with light intensity of 2500 lux (35 µmol photon m−2 s−1). Chlorophyll a and total carotenoid contents were estimated using colorimetric methods, fatty acids composition was determined by GC-Mass, in vitro and in vivo anti-cholesterol assays were used in assessing the anti-hypercholesterolemia potential of obtained Spirulina cells.

Results

The results showed that the highest cell dry weight, chlorophyl a, and carotenoid of S. platensis were observed in colorless flasks and that the lowest values were recorded with the green colored flasks. Also, the hot water extract of S. platensis obtained from colorless flasks at a concentration of 15 mg/mL after 60 min of incubation exhibited the greatest reduction of cholesterol level. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of S. platensis methanolic extract showed 15 bioactive compounds were identified and grouped according to their chemical structures. An experimental model of hypercholesterolemic mice had been examined for impact of S. platensis individually and combined with atorvastatin drug. All S. platensis groups resulted in a remarkable decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and low density lipoprotein; and increase in high density lipoprotein.

Conclusion

The present study concluded that the hot aqueous extract of S. platensis developed in colorless flasks is recommended as a natural source for bioactive compounds, with anti-cholesterol and antioxidant potentialities.
Clinical significance of pretreatment prognostic nutritional index and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in patients with advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer—a retrospective study
Authors: Tsai Ming-Hsien , Huang Tai-Lin , Chuang Hui-Ching , Lin Yu-Tsai , Fang Fu-Min , Lu Hui , Chien Chih-Yen
Published: December 2020

Background

Systemic inflammation and nutritional status both play roles in the survival of cancer patients. Therefore, it is important to understand the effects of prognostic nutritional index (PNI) and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) on the survival of patients with advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer.

Methods

A total of 142 patients diagnosed with advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer between 2008 and 2015 were enrolled in this study. All patients received primary treatment with definite concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT). Optimal cutoff values for PNI and LMR were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves for survival prediction. Survival rates for different level of PNI and LMR were estimated and compared using Kaplan–Meier method and log-rank test to see if there were significant effects on these end points, including 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) rates. The effects of PNI and LMR on survival were assessed using Cox regression model adjusted for other prognostic factors.

Results

The results showed the optimal cutoff values for PNI and LMR were 50.5 and 4.45, respectively. A high PNI (≧50.5) was significantly improved the 5-year OS. A low LMR (<4.45) was significantly associated with a poor 5-year DFS, DSS, and OS. In multivariate analysis, both PNI and LMR were independent prognosticators for 5-year OS.

Conclusions

Elevated pretreatment PNI and LMR are both favorable prognosticators in advanced p16-negative oropharyngeal cancer patients undergoing CCRT.
A Model of the Quality of Life in Patients with Crohn’s Disease
Authors: Lee Shin Ae
Published: December 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop and test a structural model for quality of life (QoL) in patients with Crohn’s disease.Methods: A total of 273 patients with Crohn’s disease were surveyed during their outpatient visits in the department of gastrointestinal internal medicine. Assessment tools consisted of the Inflammatory Bowel Disease Questionnaire for QoL, Perceived Stress Scale for stress, Beck Depression Inventory-II for depression, Fatigue Scale for fatigue, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support for social support. Structural equation modeling was used for data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation analysis, and factor analysis.Results: The modified model showed a good fit for the data. The model fit indices were x2=9.36 (p=.671), RMSEA=.00, SRMR=.03, GFI=.99, AGFI=.97, NFI=.96, and CFI=1.00. The structure of the model demonstrated that disease severity, depression, stress, and social support explained 67.9% of the QoL of Crohn’s disease patients. The results showed that social support for patients with Crohn’s disease was high in terms of QoL; furthermore, when disease severity, depression, and stress were low, QoL was high.Conclusion: The results of this study show that disease severity, depression, stress, and social support have an important effect on the QoL of patients with Crohn’s disease. Therefore, it is necessary to take these variables into consideration when developing nursing interventions.
Association between Cardio-Cerebro Vascular Disease and Depression and Factors Influencing Depression: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2014, 2016
Authors: Kim Hee Jung , Song Yeoungsuk
Published: December 2020

Purpose: In this study investigated the association between cardio-cerebro vascular disease and depression was examined and factors influencing depression in adults with cardio-cerebro vascular disease were identified. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data (2014, 2016), which is representative of the Korean population was used.Methods: Data on 9,651 people (male 4,148, female 5,503; age≥19 years old from the KNHANES (Ⅵ-2, Ⅷ-1) were analyzed using frequency, percentage, x2 test, and logistic regression analysis. Depression is defined as major depression with doctor diagnosis or Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥10. Ischemic heart disease (IHD)(myocardial infarction or angina) and stroke were defined as a doctor diagnosis.Results: The prevalence of depression was 20.4% in the IHD group and 22.9% in stroke group, which were statistically significant. After adjusting by sociodemographic, health-related, and independent variables in a logistic regression analysis, IHD (OR=1.91, 95% CI 1.36~2.69) and stroke (OR=1.83, 95% CI 1.23~2.72) were associated with depression. In addition, IHD was significantly associated with depression in women, people divorced or separated, current smokers, people with perceived stress, and hypercholesterolemia. In addition, stroke was significantly associated with depression in women, under the age of 65, with perceived stress.Conclusion: The results of this study show that cardio-cerebro vascular disease is associated with the depression and influencing factors on depression were socio-demographic and health-related characteristics. Therefore, intensive management of depression risk factors and development and application of a program reducing depression for patients with cardio-cerebro vascular disease should be developed.
Constructive Learning of Deep Neural Networks for Bigdata Analysis
Authors: El-Moamen Soha Abd  Mohamed , Mohamed Marghany Hassan , Farghally Mohammed F.
Published: December 2020

The need for tracking and evaluation of patients in real-time has contributed to an increase in knowing people’s actions to enhance care facilities. Deep learning is good at both a rapid pace in collecting frameworks of big data healthcare and good predictions for detection the lung cancer early. In this paper, we proposed a constructive deep neural network with Apache Spark to classify images and levels of lung cancer. We developed a binary classification model using threshold technique classifying nodules to benign or malignant. At the proposed framework, the neural network models training, defined using the Keras API, is performed using BigDL in a distributed Spark clusters. The proposed algorithm has metrics AUC-0.9810, a misclassifying rate from which it has been shown that our suggested classifiers perform better than other classifiers.
Students’ Attitudes about School Counseling
Authors: Karunanayake Danesh , Chandrapala K. M. N. S. , Vimukthi N. D. U.
Published: December 2020

School counseling is a learning process. It facilitates student achievement and improves student behavior and attendance and helps students develop socially. There are diverse attitudes about school counseling in students. The main objectives of this research were to identify student’s attitudes about school counseling and the type of attitudes which is common in students towards school counseling. Six students participated in this research and they were selected using a convenience sampling method. A qualitative survey design was used as the research design and semi-structured interviews were also conducted. Data analysis was undertaken using thematic analysis. Although the results showed that the students have both negative and positive attitudes towards school counseling, students have more negative attitudes than positive attitudes, and gender influenced in forming their attitudes. Further, students from different categories of schools have different attitudes about school counseling. These attitudes are formed due to factors such as lack of professionalism in counseling teachers, lack of resources, lack of practical knowledge, and lack of student’s awareness about school counseling. It is recommended that students’ awareness about school counseling should be enhanced and all facilities must be provided to develop school counseling. Thereby, it would be possible to change the attitudes of students about school counseling positively.
Distribution of Two Species of Begomoviruses Infecting Blackgram in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Chaithanya B. H. , Reddy B. V. Bhaskara , Prasanthi L. , Devi R. Sarada Jayalakshmi
Published: December 2020

Background: Yellow mosaic diseases of blackgram is caused by two species of begomoviruses (MYMV, MYMIV). It is known fact that certain varities which are resistant to one species are susceptible to another species when screened by agroinoculations. Hence data on distribution of DNA-A &B components of MYMV / MYMIV under field conditions were not available in Andhra Pradesh.

Methods: In the present study total eighty yellow mosaic infected blackgram samples were colleted from seven districts of Andhra Pradesh during rabi and kharif   2016-17. The total DNA was isolated and detected for presence DNA-A and B components of   MYMV/ MYMIV by PCR with specific primers. Samples which showed negative in normal PCR are further detected by RCA-PCR.

Results: PCR results showed that out of 80 YMD infected blackgram samples tested from seven districts, positve results were otained in 50% samples for MYMV-A, 98.75% for MYMIV-A,and  90% for MYMV-B   and none for MYMIV-B. However RCA-PCR detected MYMIV-B presence in all 7 samples (8.25%) collected from Guntur district, but none from other six districts. These results clearly shows that both species of begoviruses are present in Andhra Pradesh and MYMIV-A is predominant species   in Andhra Pradesh as compared to MYMV-A. Hence germplasm and breedig material should be screened for both the species of begomovirses either under field or through agroinoculations to develop YMV resistant blackgram.
Different Morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum Isolated from Xanthosoma sagittifolium L. Schott Roots: Action of Ethanol Leaf Extracts of Psidium guajava on their in Vitro Inhibition and on X. Sagittifolium Plants Inoculated with F. oxysporum
Authors: Djeuani A. C. , Mbouobda H. D. , Mbekem T. A. , Niemenak N.
Published: December 2020

The objective of this study was to determine the different morphotypes of Fusarium oxysporum present in the root of Xanthosoma sagittifolium and evaluate the effect of alcoholic extracts of Psidium guajava on their in vitro inhibition. Strains of Fusarium oxysporum were collected in eight localities where X. sagittifolium is grown. Fusarium strains isolated from roots of X. sagittifolium harvested in each locality were grown on PDA medium. The antifungal test was evaluated using ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves at 30 and 60%. The virulence test of each strain on young plants of X. sagittifolium aged three months were realized. Eight strain of Fusarium oxysporum were successfully isolated. After maximum growth, five morphological types were observed (pionnotal, sclerotic, clowny, cottony and ras senescent). The cottony strain was abundant and present in all the locality. Histological analysis of the different strains obtained revealed the presence of septate or siphoned hyphae and three types of conidia (microconidia, macroconidia and sporangiospores or chlamidospores). The inhibition tests were very high with 60% of ethanol extract of P. guajava, and 83.33% of inhibitory effect were observed after eight days of growth, in the strains collected in X. sagittifolium roots, in L3 (Loum) and L4 (Bangoua) localities. After infection of X. sagittifolium plants with each strain of F. oxysporum isolated, symptoms observed were yellowing and wilting of leaves. However, plants inoculated with the L3 (Loum) strain showed both yellowing and wilting of leaves. The application of ethanol extracts from P. guajava leaves reduced the severity of the disease in the inoculated plants after 14 days. These results obtained showed that F. oxysporum is not only saprophytic fungi, it’s also able to induce yellowing and wilting of leaves in X. sagittifolium.
Bacterial Multidrug Resistant Patterns Associated with Intensive Care Unit Infections in Akum, Cameroon
Authors: Nji Asakizi Augustine , Duna Forcham Emmanuel
Published: December 2020

Background: Patients admitted into the intensive care unit (ICU) usually have impaired immunity and are therefore at high risk of acquiring hospital associated infections. Infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria now constitute a major problem, limiting the choice of antimicrobial therapy.

Objectives: This study was aimed at determining the antimicrobial resistance pattern of pathogens causing ICU infections at the Catholic Holy Family Hospital Akum-Bamenda. The etiological agents, prevalence and types ICU infections were also determined.

Methods: Thirteen months hospital associated infections surveillance was conducted in the hospital for patients admitted into ICU. Blood, urine, tracheal aspirate and wound biopsies specimens were collected under strict asepsis and sent to the Medical Microbiology laboratory of the same institution for immediate processing. All pathogens were isolated and identified by standard microbiological methods. Disk diffusion antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed and interpreted according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines.

Results: The overall prevalence of ICU infections was 30.9% out of which 12.9% were bloodstream infections, 31.5% urinary tract infections, 38.9% pneumonia, and 16.7% skin and soft tissue infections. Klebsiella species and Escherichia coli were the predominant pathogens. Multidrug resistant organisms constituted 59.3% of the pathogens, MDR Klebsiella spp and MDR E. coli were 70.8% and 71.4% respectively. Resistance to Cefuroxime was the highest (92.9%) while Meropenem had the least resistance (21.4%).

Conclusion: There is a high prevalence of multidrug resistant bacteria causing ICU infections.  With the advent of covid-19, infection control procedures and institution of functional antimicrobial stewardship are needed to be put in place in order to cover come this herculean task.
Numerical Simulation of Extreme Temperature (Heat Wave) in Bangladesh Using WRF-ARW Model
Authors: Aziz Md. Abdul , Samad M. A. , Hasan M. R. , Bhuiyan M. N. U. , Mallik M. A. K.
Published: December 2020

Every year Bangladesh experiences different types of natural hazards and heat wave is one of them. In the present study, an advanced high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) numerical mesoscale model is used to simulate a severe heat wave event occurred during April over Bangladesh and eastern part of India. The model is integrated for 6 days starting from UTC of 19 April to UTC of 24 April 2016, on a single domain of 10 km horizontal resolution. For validation of the model performance, the model simulated results of temperature at 2 m height, relative humidity (RH), mean sea level pressure (MSLP) at UTC of 6 days are compared with the BMD observed data. And the results indicate that the model is able to simulate the occurrence of the heat wave event with 6 days over Bangladesh.
Factors Associated with Psychiatric Morbidity in Female Medical Doctors in Kwara State, North- Central, Nigeria
Authors: Buhari Oluwabunmi Idera Nimata , Ogunmodede Adebusola Jane , Ogunmodede James Ayodele
Published: December 2020

Introduction: The female doctor apart from being affected by the same variables that impose stress on the general population is also prone to stress because of the peculiarities of medical practice and the socio-cultural demands on them by virtue of their gender.

Objectives: This study was aimed at assessing the personal, work-stress as well as family       related factors in female doctors associated with psychiatric morbidity in female doctors in Kwara state.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study involving female medical doctors in Ilorin, Kwara State, North-Central, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered to the Members of the state Chapter of the Medical Women’s Association of Nigeria (MWAN) who were present at the general and scientific meeting of the association held in Kwara state in June 2018. A self-administered semi-structured questionnaire designed to assess biodata, personal history, work related stress, family related history and self-care history of the participants as well as the 12 item general health questionnaire (GHQ-12) was distributed to 80 participants that consented.

Results: The prevalence of 23.8% psychiatric morbidity found. Age, relationship with co-workers, feelings of frustration and anger at work, reconsidering a change in work environment, views of negative effect of stress on work as well as access to a maternity leave were found to be associated with psychiatric mobility.

Conclusions: These findings underline the need to pay attention to the welfare of female doctors and a need for routine evaluation, early identification and prompt intervention as well as support.
Influence of Elevated Temperature on Concrete Properties Containing Natural Wastes Treated by Pyrolysis
Authors: Farag Manal M. , Yamany Magdy El- , Faried A. S. , Sofi W. H.
Published: December 2020

Concrete is probably the most extensively used construction material in the world. The modern concept of construction is directed at the use of recycled materials, in particular, various waste products. This solves a number of problems -saving the expensive materials; - decreasing CO2 emissions by reducing the production of construction materials, so, these can also be used as refractory materials. Plant fibers are the most abundant fiber among all the natural fibers. Bamboo, palm, sisal, jute, date kernel, flax etc. are the commonly known plant fibers. Plant fibers are also called cellulosic fiber and have quite promising tensile strength. Natural Plant fibers treated by pyrolysis in concrete such as additions; determine the effect of these substances and the effect of temperature on the properties of concrete. The natural fibers in concrete are added accordingly with the percentage of 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% by weight of cement concrete cubes are tested at the age of 7 and 28 days of curing. Natural waste treated by pyrolysis and different additives on concrete behavior to improve its performance in the future to use in Civil Engineering and Construction World. The optimum result for natural fibers was observed at 1.0% for bamboo and date kernel and 1.5% for palm oil of natural fiber.
Socio-Cultural Risk Factors of Anemia among Children under Five Years of Age in District Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
Authors: Habib Nazneen , Abbasi Saif-Ur-Rehman Saif , Afzal Aneela , Arooj Sheeba , Farid Shahzad
Published: December 2020

Aims: This study is aimed to determine the prevalence of anemia and to analyze its socio-cultural determinants among under five children to devise targeted delivery plan for pharmaceutical interventions to combat anemia.

Study Design: To investigate the socio-cultural risk factors, a cross-sectional field survey was conducted to gather data from 384 women and their last child up to five years of age in Muzaffarabad district of Azad Jammu & Kashmir (AJK), Pakistan.

Methodology: A pretested interview schedule was constructed to collect socio-cultural characteristics of the women and their children. We use convenience sampling which is a non-probability sampling technique for data collection. Two government hospitals were selected for data and blood samples collection from respondents. We use univariate analysis for descriptive statistics and perform bivariate analysis to find the association of anemia with the socio-cultural risk factors. Binary logistic regression is used to calculate odd ratios and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals. The results were considered statistically significant for p-value <0.05.

Results: The overall prevalence of anemia is 47.7%, which is a severe health problem from public health perspective. Among anemic children 74(40.4%) are mildly anemic, 79(43.2%) are suffering from moderate and 30(16.4%) from severe anemia.  Major risk factors of anemia include residential area, parental education, father’s profession, lower family income, maternal knowledge about balanced diet and anemia.

Conclusion: It is concluded that anemia among under five children is a multifactorial problem and policymakers should devise targeted pharmaceutical interventions (iron and folic acid supplementation) to combat anemia.