bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic Accuracy of Fluorine-18-Fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in the Evaluation of the Primary Tumor in Patients with Cholangiocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Annunziata Salvatore , Caldarella Carmelo , Pizzuto Daniele Antonio , Galiandro Federica , Sadeghi Ramin , Giovanella Luca , Treglia Giorgio
Published: May 2014

Objective.To meta-analyze published data about the diagnostic accuracy of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) or PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) for primary tumor evaluation in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCa).Methods.A comprehensive literature search of studies published through December 31, 2013, was performed. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were calculated on a per patient based analysis. Subgroup analyses considering the device used (PET versus PET/CT) and the localization of the primary tumor (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (IH-CCa), extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (EH-CCa), and hilar cholangiocarcinoma (H-CCa)) were carried out.Results.Twenty-three studies including 1232 patients were included in the meta-analysis. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT were 81% and 82%, respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity, respectively, were 80% and 89% for PET, 82% and 75% for PET/CT, 95% and 83% for IH-CCa, 84% and 95% for H-CCa, and 76% and 74% for EH-CCa.Conclusions.  18F-FDG-PET and PET/CT were demonstrated to be accurate diagnostic imaging methods for primary tumor evaluation in patients with CCa. These tools have a better diagnostic accuracy in patients with IH-CCa than in patients with EH-CCa. Further studies are needed to evaluate the accuracy of18F-FDG-PET or PET/CT in patients with H-CCa.
Convergence Results on Iteration Algorithms to Linear Systems
Authors: Wang Zhuande , Yang Chuansheng , Yuan Yubo
Published: May 2014

In order to solve the large scale linear systems, backward and Jacobi iteration algorithms are employed. The convergence is the most important issue. In this paper, a unified backward iterative matrix is proposed. It shows that some well-known iterative algorithms can be deduced with it. The most important result is that the convergence results have been proved. Firstly, the spectral radius of the Jacobi iterative matrix is positive and the one of backward iterative matrix is strongly positive (lager than a positive constant). Secondly, the mentioned two iterations have the same convergence results (convergence or divergence simultaneously). Finally, some numerical experiments show that the proposed algorithms are correct and have the merit of backward methods.
Microsurgical Techniques Used to Construct the Vascularized and Neurotized Tissue Engineered Bone
Authors: Fan Junjun , Bi Long , Jin Dan , Wei Kuanhai , Chen Bin , Zhang Zhiyong , Pei Guoxian
Published: May 2014

The lack of vascularization in the tissue engineered bone results in poor survival and ossification. Tissue engineered bone can be wrapped in the soft tissue flaps which are rich in blood supply to complete the vascularization in vivo by microsurgical technique, and the surface of the bone graft can be invaded with new vascular network. The intrinsic vascularization can be induced via a blood vessel or an arteriovenous loop located centrally in the bone graft by microsurgical technique. The peripheral nerve especially peptidergic nerve has effect on the bone regeneration. The peptidergic nerve can be used to construct the neurotized tissue engineered bone by implanting the nerve fiber into the center of bone graft. Thus, constructing a highly vascularized and neurotized tissue engineered bone according with the theory of biomimetics has become a useful method for repairing the large bone defect. Many researchers have used the microsurgical techniques to enhance the vascularization and neurotization of tissue engineered bone and to get a better osteogenesis effect. This review aims to summarize the microsurgical techniques mostly used to construct the vascularized and neurotized tissue engineered bone.
Band Gap Engineering ofCd1-xBexSeAlloys
Authors: Bensaid Djillali , Ameri Mohammed , Benseddik Nadia , Mir Ali , Bouzouira Nour Eddine , Benzoudji Fethi
Published: May 2014

The structural and electronic properties of the ternaryCd1-xBexSealloys have been calculated using the full-potential linear muffin-tin-orbital (FP-LMTO) method based on density functional theory within local density approximation (LDA). The calculated equilibrium lattice constants and bulk moduli are compared with previous results. The concentration dependence of the electronic band structure and the direct and indirect band gaps are investigated. Moreover, the refractive index and the optical dielectric constant forCd1-xBexSeare studied. The thermodynamic stability of the alloys of interest is investigated by means of the miscibility. This is the first quantitative theoretical prediction to investigate the effective masses, optical and thermodynamic properties forCd1-xBexSealloy, and still awaits experimental.
Resilient Robust Finite-TimeL2-L∞Controller Design for Uncertain Neutral System with Mixed Time-Varying Delays
Authors: Chen Xia , He Shuping
Published: May 2014

The delay-dependent resilient robust finite-timeL2-L∞control problem of uncertain neutral time-delayed system is studied. The disturbance input is assumed to be energy bounded and the time delays are time-varying. Based on the Lyapunov function approach and linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) techniques, a state feedback controller is designed to guarantee that the resulted closed-loop system is finite-time bounded for all uncertainties and to satisfy a givenL2-L∞constraint condition. Simulation results illustrate the validity of the proposed approach.
An Agent-Based Auction Protocol on Mobile Devices
Authors: Chung Yu-Fang , Chen Tzer-Long , Chen Tzer-Shyong , Chiang Dai-Lun , Chen Yu-Ting
Published: May 2014

This paper proposes an English auction protocol to preserve a secure, fair, and effective online auction environment, where the operations are integrated with mobile agent technology for bidders participating in online auctions. The protocol consists of four participants, namely, registration manager, agent house, auction house, and bidder.
EXAFS Peaks and TPR Characterizing Bimetallic Interactions: Effects of Impregnation Methods on the Structure of Pt-Ru/C Catalysts
Authors: Chen Nan-Yu , Liu Ming-Chun , Yang Shih-Chieh , Chang Jen-Ray
Published: May 2014

To investigate bimetallic interactions, Pt-Ru/C catalysts were prepared by coimpregnation (Pt-Ruco/C) and successive impregnation (Ru-Ptse/C), while Pt/C, Ru/C, and reduced Pt-Rublackwere used as reference. Those samples were characterized by XAS and TPR. When Pt(absorber)-Ru(backscatter)phase-and-amplitude correction is applied to Fourier transformed (FT) EXAFS of Pt-Rublackat Pt edge, the characteristic peak of Pt-Ru interactions appears at 2.70 Å´, whereas, when Pt-Pt correction is applied, the peak appears at about 2.5 Å´. Detailed EXAFS analysis for Pt-Ruco/C and Pt-Ruse/C confirms the nature of the characteristic peak and further indicates that the interactions can semiquantitatively be determined by the relative intensity between Pt-Ru and Pt-Pt characteristic peaks. This simple method in determining bimetallic interaction can be extended to characterize Pt-Pd/γ-Al2O3. However, for Pt-Re/γ-Al2O3, Pt-Re interactions cannot be determined by the method because of the overlap of Pt-Pt and Pt-Re characteristic peaks due to similar phase functions.
Propolis Varnish: Antimicrobial Properties against Cariogenic Bacteria, Cytotoxicity, and Sustained-Release Profile
Authors: De Luca Mariana P. , Franca Juçara R. , Macedo Filipe Augusto F. F. , Grenho Liliana , Cortes Maria Esperanza , Faraco André Augusto G. , Moreira Allyson N. , Santos Vagner R.
Published: May 2014

Varnishes are preparations that differ in the polymeric matrix and therapeutical agents. In dentistry they are used to prevent caries. In this study we developed a propolis varnish, considering propolis properties against cariogenic bacteria. To a chitosan polymeric base (CHV) was added ethanolic propolis extract in different concentrations: PV1 (5%), PV2 (10%), and PV3 (15%). Antimicrobial activity was carried out againstStreptococcus mutans(SM),Streptococcus sanguinis(SG),Streptococcus salivarius(SS), andLactobacillus casei(LC) through agar diffusion method. The three propolis concentrations incorporated were effective in inhibiting the growth of all microorganisms, but without significant difference between the zones of inhibition observed. Cytotoxicity assay was done by MTT method. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test. None of the varnishes were cytotoxic, keeping 80% of viable cells, while CHV allowed cellular proliferation (120%). Sustained-release test was carried out by applying 40 μL of each varnish in the buccal surface of bovine teeth and kept in an ethanol/water solution removed in regular times. According to the “independent model approach,” the release profiles were distinct from each varnish and the most prolonged was PV3 (8 weeks). Varnish formulations had satisfactory antimicrobial activity against cariogenic bacteria and have a low cytotoxicity (<50%).
Inter- and Intrarater Reliability of Modified Lateral Scapular Slide Test in Healthy Athletic Men
Authors: Shadmehr Azadeh , Azarsa Mohammad Hassan , Jalaie Shohreh
Published: May 2014

Objective. The reliability of lateral scapular slide test (LSST) at 90 degrees of abduction is controversial; therefore, in order to achieve more reliability it may be necessary to make changes in this particular position.Methods. Modified lateral scapular slide test (MLSST) was done on thirty male basketball players with two examiners in one session and for the retest with one examiner in the next week. The test was done in 7 positions: arm relaxed at the side (P1), 90 degrees of abduction (P2), 90 degrees of scaption without having a weight in hands (P3), 90 degrees of scaption with having 3 different weights (1, 2, and 4 kg) in hands (P4, P5, and P6, resp.), and 180 degrees of scaption without having a weight in hands (P7).Results. In P1 and P6, the ICC scores indicated the highest level of intrarater reliability. In P2, the ICC scores showed a fair level of intrarater reliability, as the minimum reliability. The maximum and minimum interrater reliability were P1 and P4, respectively.Conclusion. Scaption with loading, as a functional position in the overhead athletes, is a reliable positioning and may be replaced with the third position of the traditional LSST.
Reporting a Rare Case of Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Breast
Authors: Khamechian Tahere , Alizargar Javad , Mazoochi Tahere
Published: May 2014

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common tumor type in the salivary gland. PA is uncommon in the breast tissue. Only 73 cases of PA of the breast have been reported in the world literature. We are reporting the 74th case of PA of the breast. A 61-year-old woman was referred to Shahid Beheshti Hospital Obstetric Clinic with bloody painless discharge from the right nipple. A bean size mass was detected immediately below the right nipple. After an excisional biopsy, the pathologist found proliferation in epithelial and myoepithelial cells that had small and multiple nuclei, myxoid and chondroid stroma. Immunohistochemistry stain was positive for S-100 and patchy for GFAP in tumor cells and for SMA around the tubule-glandular and tumor cell aggregates and suggested PA of the breast. It is essential for the pathologists to consider PA of the breast as a differential diagnosis of a rounded circumscribed mass in the juxta-areolar areas. Careful paraffin sections should be performed to avoid an unnecessary mastectomy.
Sign Stability for Switched Linear Systems and Its Application in Flight Control
Authors: Wang Qing , Wang Tong , Hou Yanze , Dong Chaoyang
Published: May 2014

The sign stability concept in ecological systems is introduced into the analysis and synthesis of switched linear system to explore new control design technique. The necessary and sufficient condition for sign stability of a switched linear system under arbitrary switching is achieved via the notion of complete isogenous sign stable set (CISSS). A new approach for the stabilization of switched system is presented. Although the controllers are devised for each subsystem, respectively, the switched system is sign stabilized by the constitution of CISSS. The provided method has natural robustness and more design freedoms than the familiar Lyapunov function method, which bears relative conservativeness as the requirement of solving LMIs. The presented technique is validated by an example of flight control within a large-scale flight envelop. Simulation results indicate that the proposed method can stabilize the flight attitude under large variations of system parameters and external perturbations.
Global Exponential Stability of Positive Almost Periodic Solutions for a Delay Logarithmic Population Model
Authors: Chen Wei , Wang Wentao
Published: May 2014

This paper is concerned with a delay logarithmic population model. Under proper conditions, we employ a novel proof to establish a criterion on guaranteeing the existence and global exponential stability of positive almost periodic solutions for the model. Moreover, an example and its numerical simulation are given to illustrate the main results.
Rhein Induces a Necrosis‐Apoptosis Switch in Pancreatic Acinar Cells
Authors: Zhao Xianlin , Li Juan , Zhu Shifeng , Liu Yiling , Zhao Jianlei , Wan Meihua , Tang Wenfu
Published: May 2014

Objectives. The Chinese herbal medicine Da‐Cheng‐Qi decoction can regulate a necrosis‐apoptosis switch in injured pancreatic acinar cells. This study investigated the effects of rhein, a component of this medicine, on a necrosis‐apoptosis switch in pancreatic rat AR42J cells. Methods. Cerulein‐treated AR42J cells were used. After pretreatment with 479, 119.8, or 29.9 μg/L rhein, cells were cocultured with rhein and cerulein (10−8 M) for 4, 8, or 16 h. Apoptosis and necrosis were examined using annexin V and propidium iodide costaining. Mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis‐associated proteins were examined using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays and western blotting. Results. Few cells died in untreated samples. The number was significantly higher in 16‐h‐cerulein‐treated samples and treatment with 479 μg/L rhein most effectively increased the apoptotic‐to‐necrotic cell ratio (P < 0.05). In cerulein‐treated cells, rhein increased the concentrations of p53, cytochrome C, and caspase‐3, and increased the Bax/Bcl‐2 ratio in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner, with the maximum effect in cells treated with 479 μg/L rhein for 16 h (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Rhein induces the necrosis‐apoptosis switch in injured pancreatic acinar cells in a time‐ and dose‐dependent manner. Mitochondria‐dependent apoptosis signaling pathways might play an important role in this effect.
Immunization with the Recombinant Cholera Toxin B Fused to Fimbria 2 Protein Protects againstBordetella pertussisInfection
Authors: Olivera Noelia , Castuma Celina E. , Hozbor Daniela , Gaillard María E. , Rumbo Martín , Gómez Ricardo M.
Published: May 2014

This study examined the immunogenic properties of the fusion protein fimbria 2 ofBordetella pertussis(Fim2)—cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in the intranasal murine model of infection. To this endB. pertussisFim2 coding sequence was cloned downstream of the cholera toxin B subunit coding sequence. The expression and assembly of the fusion protein into pentameric structures (CTB-Fim2) were evaluated by SDS-PAGE and monosialotetrahexosylgaglioside (GM1-ganglioside) enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). To evaluate the protective capacity of CTB-Fim2, an intraperitoneal or intranasal mouse immunization schedule was performed with 50 μg of CTB-Fim2. Recombinant (rFim2) or purified (BpFim2) Fim2, CTB, and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were used as controls. The results showed that mice immunized with BpFim2 or CTB-Fim2 intraperitoneally or intranasally presented a significant reduction in bacterial lung counts compared to control groups (P<0.01orP<0.001,resp.). Moreover, intranasal immunization with CTB-Fim2 induced significant levels of Fim2-specific IgG in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and Fim2-specific IgA in BAL. Analysis of IgG isotypes and cytokines mRNA levels showed that CTB-Fim2 results in a mixed Th1/Th2 (T-helper) response. The data presented here provide support for CTB-Fim2 as a promising recombinant antigen againstBordetella pertussisinfection.
Comprehensive Fractal Description of Porosity of Coal of Different Ranks
Authors: Ren Jiangang , Zhang Guocheng , Song Zhimin , Liu Gaofeng , Li Bing
Published: May 2014

We selected, as the objects of our research, lignite from the Beizao Mine, gas coal from the Caiyuan Mine, coking coal from the Xiqu Mine, and anthracite from the Guhanshan Mine. We used the mercury intrusion method and the low-temperature liquid nitrogen adsorption method to analyze the structure and shape of the coal pores and calculated the fractal dimensions of different aperture segments in the coal. The experimental results show that the fractal dimension of the aperture segment of lignite, gas coal, and coking coal with an aperture of greater than or equal to 10 nm, as well as the fractal dimension of the aperture segment of anthracite with an aperture of greater than or equal to 100 nm, can be calculated using the mercury intrusion method; the fractal dimension of the coal pore, with an aperture range between 2.03 nm and 361.14 nm, can be calculated using the liquid nitrogen adsorption method, of which the fractal dimensions bounded by apertures of 10 nm and 100 nm are different. Based on these findings, we defined and calculated the comprehensive fractal dimensions of the coal pores and achieved the unity of fractal dimensions for full apertures of coal pores, thereby facilitating, overall characterization for the heterogeneity of the coal pore structure.
Utilization of Geotextile Tube for Sandy and Muddy Coastal Management: A Review
Authors: Lee Siew Cheng , Hashim Roslan , Motamedi Shervin , Song Ki-Il
Published: May 2014

Threats to beaches have accelerated the coastal destruction. In recent decades, geotextile tubes were used around the world to prevent coastal erosion, to encourage beach nourishment, and to assist mangrove rehabilitation. However, the applications of geotextile tube in sandy and muddy coasts have different concerns as the geological settings are different. Applications of geotextile tubes in sandy beaches were mainly to prevent coastline from further erosion and to nourish the beach. However, for the muddy coasts, mangrove rehabilitation and conservation were additional concerns in coastal management schemes. The mangrove forests are natural barriers which can be found on the muddy coasts of many tropical countries. In this paper, the viability of geotextile tubes in sandy and muddy beaches was analysed. The advantages and disadvantages of the utilization of geotextile tubes in coastal management were discussed based on the experiences from the tropical countries such as Mexico, Malaysia, and Thailand. From the case studies, impressive improvements in coastal restoration after installation of geotextile tubes were shown. Based on the discussion, several recommendations to improve the application of geotextile tubes were suggested in this paper.
The Shock Characteristics of Tilted Support Spring Packaging System with Critical Components
Authors: Chen An-Jun
Published: May 2014

The nonlinear dynamical equations of tilted support spring packaging system with critical components were obtained under the action of half-sine pulse. To evaluate the shock characteristics of the critical components, a new concept of three-dimensional shock response spectrum was proposed. The ratio of the maximum shock response acceleration of the critical components to the peak pulse acceleration, the dimensionless pulse duration, and the frequency parameter ratio of system or the angle of tilted support spring system were three basic parameters of the three-dimensional shock response spectrum. Based on the numerical results, the effects of the peak pulse acceleration, the angle of the tilted support spring, the frequency parameter ratio, and the mass ratio on the shock response spectrum were discussed. It is shown that the effects of the angle of the tilted support spring and the frequency ratio on the shock response spectrum are particularly noticeable, increasing frequency parameter ratio of the system can obviously decrease the maximum shock response acceleration of the critical components, and the peak of the shock response of the critical components can be decreased at low frequency ratio by increasing mass ratio.
Optimal Energy Consumption Analysis of Natural Gas Pipeline
Authors: Liu Enbin , Li Changjun , Yang Yi
Published: May 2014

There are many compressor stations along long-distance natural gas pipelines. Natural gas can be transported using different boot programs and import pressures, combined with temperature control parameters. Moreover, different transport methods have correspondingly different energy consumptions. At present, the operating parameters of many pipelines are determined empirically by dispatchers, resulting in high energy consumption. This practice does not abide by energy reduction policies. Therefore, based on a full understanding of the actual needs of pipeline companies, we introduce production unit consumption indicators to establish an objective function for achieving the goal of lowering energy consumption. By using a dynamic programming method for solving the model and preparing calculation software, we can ensure that the solution process is quick and efficient. Using established optimization methods, we analyzed the energy savings for the XQ gas pipeline. By optimizing the boot program, the import station pressure, and the temperature parameters, we achieved the optimal energy consumption. By comparison with the measured energy consumption, the pipeline now has the potential to reduce energy consumption by 11 to 16 percent.
The Wigner-Ville Distribution Based on the Linear Canonical Transform and Its Applications for QFM Signal Parameters Estimation
Authors: Song Yu-E , Zhang Xiao-Yan , Shang Chun-Heng , Bu Hong-Xia , Wang Xiao-Yan
Published: May 2014

The Wigner-Ville distribution (WVD) based on the linear canonical transform (LCT) (WDL) not only has the advantages of the LCT but also has the good properties of WVD. In this paper, some new and important properties of the WDL are derived, and the relationships between WDL and some other time-frequency distributions are discussed, such as the ambiguity function based on LCT (LCTAF), the short-time Fourier transform (STFT), and the wavelet transform (WT). The WDLs of some signals are also deduced. A novel definition of the WVD based on the LCT and generalized instantaneous autocorrelation function (GWDL) is proposed and its applications in the estimation of parameters for QFM signals are also discussed. The GWDL of the QFM signal generates an impulse and the third-order phase coefficient of QFM signal can be estimated in accordance with the position information of such impulse. The proposed algorithm is fast because it only requires 1-dimensional maximization. Also the new algorithm only has fourth-order nonlinearity thus it has accurate estimation and low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) threshold. The simulation results are provided to support the theoretical results.
Factors Associated with Falls in Community-Dwelling Older People with Focus on Participation in Sport Organizations: The Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study Project
Authors: Hayashi Takahiro , Kondo Katsunori , Suzuki Kayo , Yamada Minoru , Matsumoto Daisuke
Published: May 2014

Objective.Promoting participation in sport organizations may be a population strategy for preventing falls in older people. In this study, we examined whether participation in sport organizations is associated with fewer falls in older people even after adjusting for multiple individual and environmental factors.Methods.We used the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study data of 90,610 people (31 municipalities) who were not eligible for public long-term care. Logistic regression analysis was performed, with multiple falls over the past year as the dependent variable and participation in a sport organization as the independent variable, controlling for 13 factors. These included individual factors related to falls, such as age and sex, and environmental factors such as population density of the habitable area.Results.A total of 6,391 subjects (7.1%) had a history of multiple falls. Despite controlling for 13 variables, those who participated in a sport organization at least once a week were approximately ≥20% less likely to fall than those who did not participate at all (once a week; odds ratio = 0.82 and 95% confidence interval = 0.72–0.95).Conclusion.Participation in a sport organization at least once per week might help prevent falls in the community-dwelling older people.
Tanshinone IIA Induces Apoptosis in Human Oral Cancer KB Cells through a Mitochondria-Dependent Pathway
Authors: Tseng Pao-Yu , Lu Wei-Cheng , Hsieh Ming-Ju , Chien Su-Yu , Chen Mu-Kuan
Published: May 2014

Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA), an active phytochemical in the dried root ofSalvia miltiorrhizaBunge, has shown an antiproliferative activity on various human cancer cell lines including nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. However, the effects of Tan IIA on human oral cancer cells are still unknown. This study aimed to investigate the antiproliferative effects of Tan IIA on human oral cancer KB cells and explored the possible underlying mechanism. Treatment of KB cells with Tan IIA suppressed cell proliferation/viability and induced cell death in a dose-dependent manner through sulforhodamine B colorimetric assay. Observation of cell morphology revealed the involvement of apoptosis in the Tan IIA-induced growth inhibition on KB cells. Cell cycle analysis showed a cell cycle arrest in G2/M phase on Tan IIA-treated cells. The dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential observed by flow cytometry and the expression of activated caspases with the cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase under immunoblotting analysis indicated that Tan IIA-induced apoptosis in KB cells was mediated through the mitochondria-dependent caspase pathway. These observations suggested that Tan IIA could be a potential anticancer agent for oral cancer.
Bihemispheric Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery Occurring with an Azygos Anterior Cerebral Artery: Case Study
Authors: Toms Jamie , Wadhwa Rishi , Ambekar Sudheer , Cuellar Hugo
Published: May 2014

Variations in intracranial vasculature are well known. We report a rare anatomic variation in a patient who underwent cerebral angiography for suspected intracranial aneurysm. Digital subtraction angiography revealed a bihemispheric posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) and an azygous anterior cerebral artery (ACA). There was no evidence of any aneurysm or vascular abnormality. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of a patient with a common PICA supplying both the cerebellar hemispheres and a common ACA supplying ACA territory bilaterally. It is important for the physician to be aware of these anatomical variations in order to differentiate a normal variant from a pathological condition.
Some Nonlinear Gronwall-Bellman-Gamidov Integral Inequalities and Their Weakly Singular Analogues with Applications
Authors: Cheng Kelong , Guo Chunxiang , Tang Min
Published: May 2014

Some Gronwall-Bellman-Gamidov type integral inequalities with power nonlinearity and their weakly singular analogues are established, which can give the explicit bound on solution of a class of nonlinear fractional integral equations. An example is presented to show the application for the qualitative study of solutions of a fractional integral equation with the Riemann-Liouville fractional operator.
Time-Intensity Curve Parameters in Rectal Cancer Measured Using Endorectal Ultrasonography with Sterile Coupling Gels Filling the Rectum: Correlations with Tumor Angiogenesis and Clinicopathological Features
Authors: Wang Yong , Li Lin , Wang Yi-Xiang J. , Cui Ning-Yi , Zou Shuang-Mei , Zhou Chun-Wu , Jiang Yu-Xin
Published: May 2014

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS) imaging parameters and clinicopathological features of rectal carcinoma and assess their potential as new radiological prognostic predictors. A total of 66 rectal carcinoma patients were analyzed with the time-intensity curve of CEUS. The parameter arrival time (AT), time to peak enhancement (TTP), wash-in time (WIT), enhanced intensity (EI), and ascending slope (AS) were measured. Microvessel density (MVD) was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining of surgical specimens. All findings were analysed prospectively and correlated with tumor staging, histological grading, and MVD. The mean values of AT, TTP, WIT, EI, and AS value of the rectal carcinoma were10.84±3.28 s,20.61±5.52 s,9.78±2.83 s,28.68±4.67 dB, and3.20±1.10, respectively. A positive linear correlation was found between the EI and MVD in rectal carcinoma(r=0.295,P=0.016), and there was a significant difference for EI among histological grading(r=-0.264,P=0.007). EI decreased as T stage increased with a trend of association noted(P=0.096). EI of contrast enhanced endorectal ultrasonography provides noninvasive biomarker of tumor angiogenesis in rectal cancer. CEUS data have the potential to predict patient prognosis.
1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium Salts as New Catalysts to Produce Epoxy-anhydride Polymers with Improved Properties
Authors: Fedoseev Mikhail S. , Gruzdev Matvey S. , Derzhavinskaya Lubov F.
Published: May 2014

We report the curing process of epoxy oligomers by using isomethyltetrahydrophthalic anhydride catalyzed with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium salts. Catalytic action has been ascertained to be dependent on the nature of anion. Salts with(Br-)and(PO4-)anions appeared to be most active. Formation of salt adducts with epoxy resin and anhydride is shown. Polymers having higher values of strength and glass transition temperature—as compared with similar epoxy systems cured in the presence of tertiary amines as catalysts—are prepared.
Successful Laparoscopic Resection of 7 mm Ovarian Mature Cystic Teratoma Associated with Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis
Authors: Hayashi Masaru , Motegi Emi , Honma Koichi , Masawa Nobuhide , Sakuta Hideki , Hirata Koichi , Kaji Yasushi , Fukasawa Ichio
Published: May 2014

Anti-NMDAR (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor) encephalitis is an immune-mediated encephalitis. It has been predominantly described in young women and is commonly associated with an ovarian teratoma. We report a case of anti-NMDAR encephalitis associated with a 7 mm ovarian teratoma that was completely resected by laparoscopic surgery. An 18-year-old woman suddenly presented with personality changes requiring her admission to the department of neurology. After that, she also showed involuntary movements, disturbance of consciousness, and central hypoventilation. As an abdominal image revealed the possibility of a right ovarian teratoma of5×7 mm, a laparoscopic operation was performed. The macroscopic appearance of the right ovary did not show any abnormalities; nevertheless, we performed a partial resection of the right ovary, with reference to the image diagnosis, in order to spare the ovarian reserve. The22×22 mm partially resected ovary contained an intact5×7 mm cystic tumor. The pathological diagnosis was mature cystic teratoma with components of brain tissue. An anti-NMDAR-antibody test proved positive in both serum and cerebrospinal fluid 1 month after the surgery. From these results, she was diagnosed with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. By the administration of cyclophosphamide in addition to the operation, she recovered drastically without any of the symptoms shown before.
Max-Min Fairness in WMNs with Interference Cancelation Using Overheard Transmissions
Authors: Żotkiewicz Mateusz
Published: May 2014

We show an impact of using interference cancelation mechanisms for signals that have been overheard in the past on performance of fair wireless mesh networks. In our research we show that even in those very restricted conditions and max-min cost function, the idea of interference cancelation can significantly increase the capacity of such networks. In order to approximate possible advantages of using interference cancelation in the considered conditions, we propose a novel MIP model that allows for calculating perfect scheduling and maximal throughput in a network. We compare the results with cases when the interference cancelation mechanisms are disabled. Our results show that using interference cancelation mechanisms for signals that have been overheard in the past increases a network throughput by 40% on average in approximately 20% of test cases.
Performance Analysis of Hybrid PV/Diesel Energy System in Western Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Ramli Makbul A. M. , Hiendro Ayong , Bouchekara H. R. E. H.
Published: May 2014

The potential implementation of hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/diesel energy system in western region of Saudi Arabia is analyzed in this paper. The solar radiation intensity considered in this study is in the range of 4.15–7.17 kWh/m2/day. The HOMER software is used to perform the technical and economical analysis of the system. Three different system configurations, namely, stand-alone diesel system, and hybrid PV/diesel system with and without battery storage element, will be evaluated and discussed. The analysis will be addressed to the impact of PV penetration and battery storage on energy production, cost of energy, number of operational hours of diesel generators, fuel savings, and reduction of carbon emission for the given configurations. The simulation results indicate that the energy cost of the hybrid PV/diesel/battery system with 15% PV penetration, battery storage of 186.96 MWh, and energy demand of 32,962 MWh/day is $0.117/kWh.
Morphohistological Features of Pancreatic Stump Are the Main Determinant of Pancreatic Fistula after Pancreatoduodenectomy
Authors: Ridolfi Cristina , Angiolini Maria Rachele , Gavazzi Francesca , Spaggiari Paola , Tinti Maria Carla , Uccelli Fara , Madonini Marco , Montorsi Marco , Zerbi Alessandro
Published: May 2014

Introduction.Pancreatic surgery is challenging and associated with high morbidity, mainly represented by postoperative pancreatic fistula (POPF) and its further consequences. Identification of risk factors for POPF is essential for proper postoperative management.Aim of the Study.Evaluation of the role of morphological and histological features of pancreatic stump, other than main pancreatic duct diameter and glandular texture, in POPF occurrence after pancreaticoduodenectomy.Patients and Methods.Between March 2011 and April 2013, we performed 145 consecutive pancreaticoduodenectomies. We intraoperatively recorded morphological features of pancreatic stump and collected data about postoperative morbidity. Our dedicated pathologist designed a score to quantify fibrosis and inflammation of pancreatic tissue.Results.Overall morbidity was 59,3%. Mortality was 4,1%. POPF rate was 28,3%, while clinically significant POPF were 15,8%. Male sex (P=0.009),BMI≥25(P=0.002), prolonged surgery (P=0.001), soft pancreatic texture (P<0.001), small pancreatic duct (P<0.001), pancreatic duct decentralization on stump anteroposterior axis, especially if close to the posterior margin (P=0.031), large stump area (P=0.001), and extended stump mobilization (P=0.001) were related to higher POPF rate. Our fibrosis-and-inflammation score is strongly associated with POPF (P=0.001).Discussion and Conclusions.Pancreatic stump features evaluation, including histology, can help the surgeon in fitting postoperative management to patient individual risk after pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Novel Scaffolds Fabricated Using Oleuropein for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Fan Hui , Hui Junfeng , Duan Zhiguang , Fan Daidi , Mi Yu , Deng Jianjun , Li Hui
Published: May 2014

We investigated the feasibility of oleuropein as a cross-linking agent for fabricating three-dimensional (3D) porous composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. Human-like collagen (HLC) and nanohydroxyapatite (n-HAp) were used to fabricate the composite scaffold by way of cross-linking. The mechanical tests revealed superior properties for the cross-linked scaffolds compared to the uncross-linked scaffolds. The as-obtained composite scaffold had a 3D porous structure with pores ranging from 120 to 300 μm and a porosity of73.6±2.3%. The cross-linked scaffolds were seeded with MC3T3-E1 Subclone 14 mouse osteoblasts. Fluorescence staining, the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) indicated that the scaffolds enhanced cell adhesion and proliferation. Our results indicate the potential of these scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.
Regulation of Melanopsins andPer1byα-MSH and Melatonin in PhotosensitiveXenopus laevisMelanophores
Authors: Magalhães Moraes Maria Nathália de Carvalho , Santos Luciane Rogéria dos , Mezzalira Nathana , Poletini Maristela Oliveira , Castrucci Ana Maria de Lauro
Published: May 2014

α-MSH and light exert a dispersing effect on pigment granules ofXenopus laevismelanophores; however, the intracellular signaling pathways are different. Melatonin, a hormone that functions as an internal signal of darkness for the organism, has opposite effects, aggregating the melanin granules. Because light functions as an important synchronizing signal for circadian rhythms, we further investigated the effects of both hormones on genes related to the circadian system, namely,Per1(one of the clock genes) and the melanopsins,Opn4xandOpn4m(photopigments).Per1showed temporal oscillations, regardless of the presence of melatonin orα-MSH, which slightly inhibited its expression. Melatonin effects on melanopsins depend on the time of application: if applied in the photophase it dramatically decreasedOpn4xandOpn4mexpressions, and abolished their temporal oscillations, opposite toα-MSH, which increased the melanopsins’ expressions. Our results demonstrate that unlike what has been reported for other peripheral clocks and cultured cells, medium changes or hormones do not play a major role in synchronizing theXenopusmelanophore population. This difference is probably due to the fact thatX. laevismelanophores possess functional photopigments (melanopsins) that enable these cells to primarily respond to light, which triggers melanin dispersion and modulates gene expression.
New Relations Involving an Extended Multiparameter Hurwitz-Lerch Zeta Function with Applications
Authors: Srivastava H. M. , Gaboury Sébastien , Tremblay Richard
Published: May 2014

We derive several new expansion formulas involving an extended multiparameter Hurwitz-Lerch zeta function introduced and studied recently by Srivastava et al. (2011). These expansions are obtained by using some fractional calculus methods such as the generalized Leibniz rules, the Taylor-like expansions in terms of different functions, and the generalized chain rule. Several (known or new) special cases are also given.
Does Male Circumcision Protect against Sexually Transmitted Infections? Arguments and Meta-Analyses to the Contrary Fail to Withstand Scrutiny
Authors: Morris Brian J. , Hankins Catherine A. , Tobian Aaron A. R. , Krieger John N. , Klausner Jeffrey D.
Published: May 2014

We critically evaluate a recent article by Van Howe involving 12 meta-analyses that concludes, contrary to current evidence, that male circumcision increases the risk of various common sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Our detailed scrutiny reveals that these meta-analyses (1) failed to include results of all relevant studies, especially data from randomized controlled trials, (2) introduced bias through use of inappropriate control groups, (3) altered original data, in the case of human papillomavirus (HPV), by questionable adjustments for “sampling bias,” (4) failed to control for confounders through use of crude odds ratios, and (5) used unnecessarily complicated methods without adequate explanation, so impeding replication by others. Interventions that can reduce the prevalence of STIs are important to international health. Of major concern is the global epidemic of oncogenic types of HPV that contribute to the burden of genital cancers. Meta-analyses, when well conducted, can better inform public health policy and medical practice, but when seriously flawed can have detrimental consequences. Our critical evaluation leads us to reject the findings and conclusions of Van Howe on multiple grounds. Our timely analysis thus reaffirms the medical evidence supporting male circumcision as a desirable intervention for STI prevention.
Intussusception of Rectosigmoid Colon Cancer Mimicking a Pedunculated Tumor
Authors: Saigusa Susumu , Ohi Masaki , Imaoka Hiroki , Shimura Tadanobu , Inoue Yasuhiro , Kusunoki Masato
Published: May 2014

Intussusception in adults is a rare phenomenon involving the colon in approximately 20% of cases. A 65-year-old man was hospitalized with anorexia, anemia, dehydration, and melena. Digital rectal examination revealed a palpable mass approximately 5 cm from the anal verge. The mass moved between the rectosigmoid colon and the rectum below the peritoneal reflection during radiographic examinations and during sigmoidoscopy. We strongly suspected a rectosigmoid pedunculated tumor and performed a low anterior resection. Intraoperatively we observed intussusception of the rectosigmoid colon with easy manual reduction. The tumor was palpable in the rectosigmoid colon. The postoperative course was uneventful. This case illustrates intussusception of a rectosigmoid type 1 colon adenocarcinoma mimicking a pedunculated tumor.
Unsteady Pressure Pulsation and Rotating Stall Characteristics in a Centrifugal Pump with Slope Volute
Authors: Zhang Ning , Yang Minguan , Gao Bo , Li Zhong , Ni Dan
Published: May 2014

Unsteady flow structures can lead to severe vibration in centrifugal pump if the eigenfrequency of the rotor is equal to excitation frequency. In order to reduce rotor-stator interaction in centrifugal pump, a special slope volute was proposed. This paper explores the use of numerical simulation method to illustrate unsteady pressure pulsation and rotating stall characteristics under 0.05ΦN–1.4ΦN working conditions. Spectrums of pressure pulsation signals at different flow rates were analyzed. Relative velocity distributions interior blade channels were also studied to clarify correlation between flow structure and pressure spectrum. At high flow rates, predominant components in pressure spectrums always correspond to blade passing frequency ( fBPF). With decreasing of flow rate, partial flow separates from suction side of blade at 0.6ΦN, but the separate structure has little impact on pressure spectrum. From 0.8ΦN to 0.6ΦN, peak values in pressure spectrums are still located at fBPF. At rotating stall working conditions, multiple vortex structures exist in impeller, which develop with rotating impeller showing intensive unsteady properties. And partial blade channels are blocked severely. Due to the unsteady stall cell structure, stall frequencies are generated in pressure spectrum, and the excitation frequencies are different at variable flow rates.
Crystal Structure and Stereochemistry Study of 2-Substituted Benzoxazole Derivatives
Authors: Mabied Ahmed F. , Shalaby Elsayed M. , Zayed Hamdia A. , El-Kholy Esmat , Farag Ibrahim S. A. , Ahmed Naima A.
Published: May 2014

The structure of 2-[(4-chlorophenylazo) cyanomethyl] benzoxazole, C15H9ClN4O (I), has triclinic (P1̅) symmetry. The structure displays N–H⋯N hydrogen bonding. The structure of 2-[(arylidene) cyanomethyl] benzoxazoles, C17H10N2O3 (II), has triclinic (P1̅) symmetry. The structure displays C–H⋯N, C–H⋯C hydrogen bonding. In (I), the chlorophenyl and benzoxazole groups adopt a trans configuration with respect to the central cyanomethyle hydrazone moiety. Compound (II) crystallized with two molecules in the asymmetric unit shows cisoid conformation between cyano group and benzoxazole nitrogen, contrary to (I). In (II) the benzodioxole has an envelope conformation (the C17 atom is the flap atom). The molecular geometry obtained using molecular mechanics (MM) calculations has been discussed along with the results of single crystal analysis.
Association betweenHelicobacter pyloriInfection and Risk of Osteoporosis in Elderly Taiwanese Women with Upper Gastrointestinal Diseases: A Retrospective Patient Record Review
Authors: Lin Shih-Chun , Koo Malcolm , Tsai Kun-Wei
Published: May 2014

Introduction. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)infection could lead to chronic local and systemic immune response. The resulting increase in proinflammatory cytokines could affect bone resorption and might increase the risk of osteoporosis. This study aimed to investigate the association betweenH. pyloriinfection and osteoporosis in elderly female patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases.Methods. A retrospective patient record review study was conducted in a regional teaching hospital in south Taiwan. Relevant information on female patients aged 65 and over who were diagnosed with diseases of esophagus, gastric ulcer, or duodenal ulcer during January 2008 to December 2010 were abstracted. Association betweenH. pyloriinfection and osteoporosis was evaluated using multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results. Of the 365 patients with a mean age of 77.3 years, 77 (21.1%) hadH. pyloriinfection and 101 (27.7%) had been diagnosed with osteoporosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that osteoporosis was significantly associated withH. pyloriinfection (adjusted odds ratio = 2.03, 95% confidence interval = 1.14–3.62) after adjusting for age group, body mass index group, and use of proton pump inhibitor.Conclusion. Osteoporosis was found to be associated withH. pyloriinfection in Taiwanese female patients with upper gastrointestinal diseases. Further studies with information on potential confounders are needed to confirm the association.
On Eventually Positive Solutions of Quasilinear Second-Order Neutral Differential Equations
Authors: Fišnarová Simona , Mařík Robert
Published: May 2014

We study the second-order neutral delay differential equation[r(t)Φγ(z′(t))]′+q(t)Φβ(x(σ(t)))=0, whereΦα(t)=|t|α-1t,α≥1andz(t)=x(t)+p(t)x(τ(t)). Based on the conversion into a certain first-order delay differential equation we provide sufficient conditions for nonexistence of eventually positive solutions of two different types. We cover both cases of convergent and divergent integral∫∞r-1/γ(t)dt. A suitable combination of our results yields new oscillation criteria for this equation. Examples are shown to exhibit that our results improve related results published recently by several authors. The results are new even in the linear case.
Glycyrrhizic Acid in the Treatment of Liver Diseases: Literature Review
Authors: Li Jian-yuan , Cao Hong-yan , Liu Ping , Cheng Gen-hong , Sun Ming-yu
Published: May 2014

Glycyrrhizic acid (GA) is a triterpene glycoside found in the roots of licorice plants (Glycyrrhiza glabra). GA is the most important active ingredient in the licorice root, and possesses a wide range of pharmacological and biological activities. GA coupled with glycyrrhetinic acid and 18-beta-glycyrrhetic acid was developed in China or Japan as an anti-inflammatory, antiviral, and antiallergic drug for liver disease. This review summarizes the current biological activities of GA and its medical applications in liver diseases. The pharmacological actions of GA include inhibition of hepatic apoptosis and necrosis; anti-inflammatory and immune regulatory actions; antiviral effects; and antitumor effects. This paper will be a useful reference for physicians and biologists researching GA and will open the door to novel agents in drug discovery and development from Chinese herbs. With additional research, GA may be more widely used in the treatment of liver diseases or other conditions.