bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carbon Footprint of Beef Cattle in a Conventional Production System: a Case Study of a Large-Area Farming Enterprise in the Wielkopolska Region
Authors: Bieńkowski Jerzy , Dąbrowicz Radosław , Holka Małgorzata , Jankowiak Janusz
Published: January 2019

Animal production is a significant source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. One of the major challenges in sustainable management is to mitigate the effects of climate change by reducing GHG emissions. The diversity of animal production systems and accompanying diversification of technological processes, mean that specific production effects can be obtained at different levels of GHG emissions. The aim of the study was to determine the carbon footprint (CF) of beef cattle grown in a conventional system (i.e. indoor confinement). The research was carried out on the beef cattle farm belonging to a large-area enterprise, Długie Stare Ltd. The beef cattle production system consisted of the following subsystems: a basic breeding herd (consisting of suckler cows, replacement heifers and calves up to 6.5 months), breeding heifers, breeding bulls and fattening bulls. The method of life cycle analysis (LCA) in the stages from "cradle-to-farmgate" was used to assess the GHG emissions associated with the production of beef cattle. The average CF in the entire beef cattle production system was 25.43 kg of CO2 kg-1 of live weight of marketed cattle, while in the individual subsystems of basic breeding herd, breeding heifers, breeding bulls and fattening bulls, the CF (after GHG allocation) was: 11.0 kg CO2 eq., 34.30 kg CO2 eq., 27.32 and 25.40 kg CO2 eq., respectively. GHG emissions associated with young calves staying in the cow-calf pairs until weaning (in the period from 0-6.5 months), had a decisive influence on the final CF in each of the subsystems of beef cattle production. The second important factor directly affecting the CF was GHG emissions related to methane (CH4) enteric fermentation and manure management. Knowledge of factors affecting the CF structure allows better identification of critical areas in production processes with high GHG emission potential. Information on the CF of beef cattle and beef meat responds to a wider societal demand for the ecological characteristics of market products, which ultimately contributes to improving their market competitiveness.
Ekologizacja rolnictwa w aspekcie polityki finansowego wsparcia
Authors: Brodzińska Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

Celem artykułu jest rozpoznanie procesu ekologizacji rolnictwa w Polsce przy uwzględnieniu światowych tendencji rozwoju rolnictwa ekologicznego i realizowanej polityki wsparcia finansowego w ramach WPR. W analizach wykorzystano dane statystyczne Międzynarodowej Federacji Rolnictwa Ekologicznego - IFOAM i Instytutu Badań Rolnictwa Ekologicznego - FIBL oraz Głównego Inspektoratu Jakości Handlowej Artykułów Rolno-Spożywczych – GIJHARS. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że proces ekologizacji rolnictwa przebiega w różnym tempie na poszczególnych kontynentach, ale to właśnie w Europie wzrasta zarówno powierzchnia upraw, jak i dynamicznie rozwija się rynek ekologicznych produktów żywnościowych. W Polsce duży wpływ na proces ekologizacji rolnictwa ma realizowana polityka wsparcia finansowego, a powodzenie tego procesu zależy od umocnienia rynkowego ekologicznych gospodarstw rolnych (wzrostu towarowości i skrócenia łańcucha dostaw żywności) oraz budowania świadomości ekologicznej konsumentów.
Management and Certification Process for Organic Production in Ukraine and Poland
Authors: Buriak Ruslan , Artish Victor , Orlykovskyi Mykola
Published: January 2019

A systematic analysis of trends in the development of organic products in Ukraine and Poland was carried out, which showed that the total area of certified ecological lands for the study period from 2006-2016 in Ukraine increased by 1.7 times, and in Poland from 2004-2014 it increased by 12 times. It has been established that the most significant impact on qualitative structural changes in the economic sector is adjustment to European standards that establish a favorable system of agricultural production regulation, marking and inspection of organic products. This is why Poland, while being in the European Union, has a significant advantage over Ukraine. The system of control and certification by the authorized bodies is generalized, as well as the mechanism of financial support for organic agricultural production. The necessity of using the experience of Poland with the purpose of greening agriculture and development of organic agricultural production in Ukraine is emphasized.
Aktywizacja zawodowa młodych osób bezrobotnych w wybranych powiatach ziemskich podregionu siedleckiego
Authors: Rak Anna
Published: January 2019

Bezrobocie osób młodych należy aktualnie do najpoważniejszych problemów polskiego i unijnego rynku pracy. Na obydwu tych rynkach osoby młode stanowią blisko połowę ogółu bezrobotnych. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest określenie stopnia zainteresowania bezrobotnych młodych mieszkańców wsi aktywnymi programami rynku pracy oraz diagnoza najczęściej stosowanych przez te osoby metod poszukiwania zatrudnienia. Podstawowym źródłem informacji są wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w trzech powiatach ziemskich podregionu siedleckiego.
The Problem of Food Waste in Different Types of Households on the Example of the Residents of Poland and Polish People Residing in the United Kingdom – Pilot Study
Authors: Skotnicka Magdalena , Karwowska Kaja , Śmiechowska Maria
Published: January 2019

The objective of this study was comparing the scale of food waste depending on different types of households among Poles living in Poland and in the UK. The research was conducted in the group of 622 persons, whereas 345 persons lived in Poland and 277 were residing in the UK for minimum 2 years, however not longer than 10 years. The respondents were differentiated depending on the type of the household in which they lived: 1-person, 2-person, 3-person, 4-person and more. More than the half of the respondents declared that they had happened to throw away food, whereas these are the “British” Poles who waste food most and who are comprised in 1- and 2-person households. A significant dependence was observed in both studied groups, the more numerous the household was the lesser amount of food was wasted. The mostly wasted food included bread, yoghurts, sausage, fruit and vegetables, regardless of the number of persons in the given household or of the place of residence. Due to the fact that the rate of food waste is so high, it is necessary to find a way to implement new ideas and interventions which would limit the food waste in the households.
Specjalizacja i konkurencyjność krajów UE w zakresie produkcji zbóż
Authors: Tłuczak Agnieszka
Published: January 2019

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczących specjalizacji i konkurencyjności produkcji roślinnej w krajach Unii Europejskiej. Do badań wykorzystano metodę zmiany konkurencyjności Estebana-Marquillasa. Metoda ta pozwoliła wskazać wyspecjalizowane kraje icharakter zmian strukturalnych w zakresie produkcji upraw. Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie danych dotyczących wielkości produkcji roślinnej. Wszystkie dane zostały zaczerpnięte z baz danych Głównego Urzędu Statystycznego. Badanie obejmuje lata 2005-2016. Uzyskane wyniki pozwalają na wyodrębnienie (nierozłącznych) grup krajów specjalizujących się w produkcji poszczególnych gatunków zbóż. W zakresie produkcji pszenicy specjalizują się następujące kraje: Polska, Niemcy, Czechy, Słowacja, Włochy, Litwa, Łotwa, Estonia, Finlandia, Szwecja i Austria; zakresie produkcji pszenicy jęczmienia: Finlandia, Wilka Brytania, Niemcy, Włochy i Grecja; oraz żyta: Portugalia, Hiszpania, Francja, Wielka Brytania, Rumunia, Węgry, Słowacja.
Identyfikacja głównych determinant rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskie
Authors: Zaród Jadwiga
Published: January 2019

Poziom rozwoju rolnictwa w krajach UE jest zróżnicowany. Znajomość czynników bezpośrednio oddziałujących na przemiany w rolnictwie może przyczynić się do zmniejszania dysproporcji pomiędzy państwami. Celem tego opracowania jest wskazanie głównych czynników determinujących rozwój rolnictwa w Unii. Do realizacji tego zadania wykorzystano analizę dyskryminacyjną. Natomiast materiał badawczy stanowiły dane GUS i EUROSTATU, dotyczące rolnictwa w krajach UE. Z przeprowadzonych badań wynika, że rozwój rolnictwa w UE determinują szczególnie takie czynniki jak: produktywności pracy, udział zasiewu zbóż w ogólnej powierzchni gruntów ornych, dochód rolniczy oraz wydatki na spożycie w gospodarstwach domowych. Ponadto analiza dyskryminacyjna pozwoliła przypisać poszczególne kraje do grup o różnym poziomie rozwoju rolnictwa.
Smart Contracts as a New Technology in the Digital Economy
Authors: Glazkova Irina , Kozioł-Kaczorek Dorota , Shmatko Sergey
Published: January 2019

Digital technologies have a number of advantages that contribute to the development of the economy and make it more transparent. Some of the main features of modern digital technologies are speeding up business processes, reducing costs, eliminating the possibility of fraud, ensuring the transparency of the system and the ability to check and analyze the system. Regardless of whether a commercial or government organization uses the technology, in any case, there is a wide range of possibilities of its application. One of these technologies is blockchain. A blockchain is a distributed database in which storage devices are not connected to a shared server. This database stores an ever-growing list of ordered records called blocks. Each block contains a timestamp and a link to the previous block. The article defines a smart contract, describes the main areas of its application and provides processes similar to smart contracts, but working outside the blockchain. We also consider some of the risks that arise when working with smart contracts.
Support for the Beekeeping Sector in Poland and the European Union
Authors: Jarka Sławomir , Trajer Marzena
Published: January 2019

The aim of the work was to present a support mechanism for bee products market implemented after Poland's accession to the European Union, including within the framework of national beekeeping support programs. The elaboration included information contained in legal acts of the European Commission, MRiRW and KOWR. Support for the beekeeping sector in Poland and the EU is related to the policy of sustainable development of agriculture and rural areas. The amount of funds addressed to individual beneficiaries depends on the size of the sector in a given Member State. Spain, France, Greece, Romania and Italy, and Poland received the highest amounts of support under the EU budget.
Działalność podmiotów z kapitałem zagranicznym w polskim rolnictwie
Authors: Kacperska Elżbieta
Published: January 2019

W 2015 roku w polskim rolnictwie działało 690 podmiotów z kapitałem zagranicznym, zatrudniając ponad 5,7 tys. osób. Kapitał zagraniczny zainwestowany w tych podmiotach stanowił ponad 90% udziału kapitału podstawowego. Celem opracowania było określenie skali działalności podmiotów z kapitałem zagranicznym w polskim rolnictwie. Analiza obejmowała liczbę podmiotów, rozmieszczenie geograficzne, liczbę zatrudnionych, obroty handlowe z zagranicą i wyniki finansowe.
Sustainable Development and Renewable Energy Sectors: Selected Indicators in European Union and Poland
Authors: Klepacka Anna
Published: January 2019

The aim of this article was to show the position of Poland in the renewable energy subsectors among the European Union countries. The research covered the areas of biomass, solar heating and heat pumps, showing the degree of their utilization, power required to drive the system and their production in 2016. The provided information was supplemented with a revenues per employee in thousand euros in chosen subsectors of renewable energy sources in the year 2016. The main tool for carrying out the set objective was the use of descriptive and comparative methods. The results of the survey demonstrated Poland’s prominent place in the sector of liquid biofuels (1st place in EU), thanks to the significant supply of raw materials as well as development perspectives in solar energy, which is confirmed by the world's statistics indicating a record number of photovoltaic installations fitted (PV).
Konsumenci wobec regionalnych produktów tradycyjnych w kontekście ogólnoświatowych zmian w zachowaniach konsumentów na rynku żywności
Authors: Kuźniar Wiesława , Kawa Marta
Published: January 2019

Zmiany w postawach i zachowaniach konsumentów znajdują odzwierciedlenie w dynamicznym rozwoju określonych kategorii produktów, wśród których ważną rolę odgrywają produkty tradycyjne, postrzegane przez nabywców jako zdrowe, smaczne, nawiązujące do lokalnej tradycji kulinarnej. Bogata oferta takich produktów znajduje się w woj. podkarpackim, zajmującym pierwszą pozycję w Polsce pod względem liczby zrejestrowanych produktów. W opracowaniu w oparciu o wyniki badań ankietowych przeprowadzonych w 2018 r. na próbie n = 221 wykazano, że bogata oferta produktów tradycyjnych regionu Podkarpacia cieszy się dużym zainteresowaniem konsumentów. W oparciu o wyniki testu Chi-kwadrat Pearsona można stwierdzić, że niezależnie od płci, wraz z wiekiem konsumentów zwiększa się zainteresowanie produktami tradycyjnymi, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie nie tylko w preferowaniu produktów tradycyjnych pochodzących z regionu, ale także w gotowości do zapłaty wyższej ceny w zamian na wysokie walory smakowe i zdrowotne tych produktów.
Przewagi komparatywne USA w eksporcie wybranych surowców roślinnych na Jednolity Rynek Europejski
Authors: Pawlak Karolina , Jabkowski Dawid
Published: January 2019

Celem artykułu było zidentyfikowanie przewag komparatywnych USA w eksporcie wybranych surowców roślinnych na Jednolity Rynek Europejski (JRE) na tle największych unijnych producentów i eksporterów analizowanych grup produktów w latach 2003-2017. W badaniach wykorzystano dane pochodzące z zasobów Konferencji Narodów Zjednoczonych ds. Handlu i Rozwoju (UNCTAD). W analizie przewag komparatywnych zastosowano wybrane wskaźniki ujawnionych przewag komparatywnych (XRCA, MRCA, RTA), wskaźnik pokrycia importu eksportem (CR), wskaźnik specjalizacji eksportowej (SI) indeks handlu wewnątrzgałęziowego Grubela-Lloyda (IIT) oraz udziały w eksporcie. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych analiz można stwierdzić, że USA generowały wysokie przewagi komparatywne w eksporcie na JRE owoców i orzechów oraz surowców oleistych, które zapewniały im znaczącą, odpowiednio prawie 25-procentową i ponad 15-procentową część ogółu przychodów z tytułu eksportu artykułów rolno-żywnościowych do państw UE.
Zastosowanie modelu grawitacyjnego do analizy międzynarodowego handlu miodem pszczelim
Authors: Popovych Andriy
Published: January 2019

Celem artykułu jest określenie cech funkcjonowania i identyfikacja trendów w rozwoju światowego rynku miodu. Aby zidentyfikować czynniki wpływające na światowy handel miodem, zastosowano model grawitacyjny, a mianowicie jego odmianę dla pojedynczego produktu. Dane statystyczne dotyczące handlu międzynarodowego pozyskano z baz światowych organizacji i użyto do ilościowego określenia tego modelu. W wyniku analizy ekonometrycznej danych panelowych zidentyfikowano determinanty światowego handlu miodem i potwierdziła zasadność zastosowania modelu grawitacyjnego do oceny tego rynku.
Integracja przestrzenna rynków hurtowych – zastosowanie dla rynku fasoli szparagowej
Authors: Sobczak Wioleta , Zbyrowski Rafał
Published: January 2019

Celem opracowania była ocena poziomu integracji przestrzennej rynków hurtowych owoców i warzyw na przykładzie fasoli szparagowej. W pracy podjęto problem mechanizmu powiązań cenowych i transmisji cen pomiędzy rynkami hurtowymi. Do opracowania wykorzystano dzienne notowania cen analizowanego gatunku na pięciu rynkach hurtowych w Polsce. Do opracowania danych posłużyły metody ekonometryczne tj. wybrane modele ekonometrii dynamicznej. Wskazano, że znaczenie poszczególnych rynków hurtowych w kreowaniu cen zależy m.in. od wielkości rynku oraz jego lokalizacji.
Kierunki dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów
Authors: Szwacka-Mokrzycka Joanna , Letkowski Grzegorz
Published: January 2019

W okresie transformacji polskiej gospodarki, największe zmiany zaszły w systemie dystrybucji. Tak jak w latach 90. XX w. integratorem w łańcuchu żywnościowym był przemysł spożywczy, tak w drugiej dekadzie XXI w. funkcję tę pełni handel detaliczny. Wynika to z faktu rosnącej pozycji korporacji transnarodowych w Polsce. Celem przewodnim artykułu jest przedstawienie skali i zakresu zmian w handlu detalicznym w Polsce i określenie kierunku dostosowań przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych konsumentów. Punktem wyjścia rozważań jest przedstawienie procesów koncentracji sektora w latach 2012-2016. Następnie poddano analizie kierunki zmian w handlu detalicznym w okresie transformacji gospodarki polskiej. W kolejnej części opracowania przedstawiono dostosowania przedsiębiorstw handlowych do wzorców zakupowych polskich konsumentów.
Dynamika światowej produkcji mięsa drobiowego w latach 1965 2016
Authors: Utnik-Banaś Katarzyna
Published: January 2019

Produkcja mięsa drobiowego odznacza się wysoką dynamiką wzrostu. Do największych światowych producentów mięsa drobiowego należą: Stany Zjednoczone, Chiny i Brazylia. Produkcja mięsa drobiowego w tych trzech krajach stanowiła ok. 45% produkcji światowej w 2016 roku. Pozostałymi krajami liczącymi się w świecie w produkcji drobiarskiej były: Rosja, Indie, Meksyk, Japonia i Polska. Największy wzrost produkcji drobiu w latach 1965-2016 miał miejsce w Brazylii oraz w Chinach. Natomiast udział Stanów Zjednoczonych oraz krajów obecnej Unii Europejskiej w ujęciu procentowym zmniejszał się. W Polsce wzrost produkcji drobiarskiej w analizowanym okresie był ponad 25-krotny. Od 2014 roku Polska jest największym producentem i eksporterem mięsa drobiowego w Unii Europejskiej.
The Enterprise’s Financial Condition Assessment as a Component of its Creditworthiness
Authors: Wasilewska Natalia , Wasilewski Mirosław , Zabolotnyy Serhiy
Published: January 2019

The article covers aspects of financial condition analysis regarding creditworthiness of Ukrainian agricultural enterprises that had to operate in unstable economic conditions in 2009-2017. It is proposed to improve methodological approaches to financial assessment of an enterprise – a potential borrower, due to changes in the economy, in particular in the financial sector, which have been influenced by crises that have shaken the Ukrainian economy twice in the past ten years. The proposed approaches to assessing the financial condition of an agricultural enterprise as a component of its creditworthiness increase the accuracy and credibility of such assessments and help to minimize credit risks.
Pozycja przemysłu spożywczego w łańcuchu żywnościowym w Polsce na przełomie XX/XXI wieku
Authors: Mroczek Robert
Published: January 2019

Przemysł spożywczy jest jednym z głównych ogniw (członów) gospodarki żywnościowej. Jest on największym odbiorcą nieprzetworzonych surowców rolnych, a zarazem głównym dostawcą żywności do sfery handlu (hurtowego i detalicznego). Znaczenie przemysłu spożywczego wzrasta też z tego powodu, że firmy przetwórcze często integrują podmioty biorące udział w procesie produkcji żywności od przysłowiowego pola do stołu. Sprzyja temu wzrost towarowości polskiego rolnictwa oraz rosnący popyt na żywność wysoko przetworzoną. W ostatnich latach przewagę w relacjach handlowych zyskały duże sieci handlowe (głównie z kapitałem zagranicznym), które często narzucają warunki sprzedaży dostawcom żywności (firmom spożywczym, producentom rolnym).
Handel zagraniczny produktami kurzymi w latach 2012-2017
Authors: Pasińska Dorota
Published: January 2019

Głównym celem artykułu jest przedstawienie polskiego rynku kurzego w latach 2012-2017 w kontekście zmian w handlu zagranicznym produktami kurzymi. W celu weryfikacji hipotezy wykorzystano metody statystyki opisowej (analizę porównawczą w czasie, analizę struktury, liniową funkcję trendu). W badanym okresie obserwuje się tendencję do powiększania się dodatniego salda obrotów handlowych mięsem, podrobami i przetworami kurzymi, natomiast saldo drobiem żywym było ujemne. W latach 2012-2017 przy znacznym wzroście pogłowia kur (oprócz niosek), wystąpił ponad 58% wzrost ich ubojów oraz ponad dwukrotnie zwiększył się eksport produktów kurzych (drób kurzy żywy, mięso, podroby i przetwory). W eksporcie i w spożyciu dominują produkty kurze, a na drugim miejscu są produkty indycze. Produkcja żywca kurzego jest bardzo skoncentrowana.
Ewolucja światowego rynku piwa
Authors: Szajner Piotr
Published: January 2019

W latach 1980-2016 światowy rynek piwa charakteryzował się wysoką dynamiką rozwoju. Produkcja i obroty handlu zagranicznego znacząco wzrosły. Istotny wpływ miały na to procesy globalizacyjne. Światowa produkcja piwa jest zdominowana przez duże koncerny browarnicze, ale w ostatnich latach ich udział w rynku zmniejszył w związku z rozwojem produkcji w małych browarach. Rosnąca produkcja piwa generuje duży popyt na surowce wytwarzane w działach pierwotnego przetwórstwa żywności (słód, ekstrakt chmielowy, cukier). Na polskim rynku piwa były obserwowane analogiczne tendencje. Duże bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne, koncentracja struktur podmiotowych i w konsekwencji dynamiczny wzrost produkcji i eksportu. Na krajowym rynku także wzrasta produkcji w małych browarach.
Model Implementasi Prinsip-prinsip Pendidikan Membentuk Ketauladanan Siswa
Authors: Mudasir Mudasir
Published: January 2019

This paper wants to explain the principles of education as a scientific discipline and its contribution mainly in shaping the exemplary of students. This paper departs from the discussion of the philosophy of goals and principles of Islamic education, then the basic concepts of the principles of Islamic education, and then the example of students. This discussion uses a philosophical approach by prioritizing religious principles. The results of this discussion found that in Islamic education there are integral principles, balanced, part of the rububiyah process, forming a whole human being, always related to religion, open, maintaining individual differences, and Islamic education is dynamic. These principles contribute to shaping student exemplary, which can be seen in terms of adhering to the discipline of learning in school, looking and dressing neatly, favored by all school communities, and active in various school activities.
Pemikiran Pendidikan al-Mawardi dan Relevansinya dengan Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam antara Batasan Guru dengan Murid
Authors: Ridwan Ridwan
Published: January 2019

Al-Mawardi require that a teacher is sincere carrying out its duties. Educating and teaching should be oriented to higher purpose, to teach and educate, a scientific activity that has value and a high position, which is not aligned with the material. Sincerity and awareness of a teacher is the awareness of importance of tasks, so it will be driven to achieve maximum results. A teacher will perform his duties in a professional manner, with characterized by some attitudes. First, always prepare everything that was needed to support the teaching and learning process. Second, a teacher who will act exactly the sincere promise and the completion of his duties. Third, the use of spare time will be directed to his professional interests. Fourth, perseverance and tenacity in work. Teachers who are sincere will realize the importance of perseverance and tenacity to work in achieving its tasks. Fifth, creativity and innovation have a high, arising from awareness of the increasing demands and challenges of education prospects. Then in the process of learning certainly can not be separated with Islamic values that must be planted in a se guru as well as must have attitudes, tawadhu, or humble aqid, exemplary, piety of god is omnipotent.
Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Kompetensi Generik Calon Guru bagi Meningkatnya Daya Saing Berbasis Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT)
Authors: Yusra Nelly , Vebrianto Rian
Published: January 2019

The paper want to develop and strengthen the generic competence of MI/PGSD teachers to improve competitiveness based on Multiple Intelligences Theory (MIT). This research is research and development. Testing the validity and reliability of the research results, it is known that the croanbach alpha value of each construct of generic skills from the construct of learning skills, thinking skills, technology skills, estimating skills and facilitator skills is above 0.6 with each alpha croanbach value is 0.76, 0.76, 0.83, 0.84, and 0.79. and for each construct of various intelligence (MIT) from the construct of verbal linguistic intelligence (0.79), logical mathematical intelligence (0.83), spatial verbal intelligence (0.88), physical kinetic intelligence (0.82), musical intelligence (0.85), interpersonal intelligence (0.85), intrapersonal intelligence (0.79), naturalist intelligence (0.89) and spiritual (existential) intelligence (0.89). When for objective questions the reliability value of Kuder Richardson 20 is 0.73 and for the short questions the short essay is 0.78. Thus, instruments that have been developed and developed by researchers have good validity and reliability, this means that these instruments are credible and effective in improving generic skills and various intelligence (MIT) in the prospective teacher.
PENGARUH IMPLEMENTASI PROGRAM PENINGKATAN MUTU MADRASAH TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DI MTS NEGERI KABUPATEN KAMPAR
Authors: Husaini H.
Published: January 2019

The performance of the teacher can also be used by the individual for himself, looking at his self-image and self-esteem and reading from others in relation to his academic abilities and achievements, studying in school, making schoolwork, and rewarding his achievements. Study on implementation of madrasah quality improvement program in Kampar District proposed the problems are: 1) implementation of student quality improvement program at MTs Negeri in Kampar District; 2) the implementation of madrasah quality improvement program on teacher performance at MTs Negeri in Kampar District; 3) the implementation concept of madrasah quality improvement program on teacher performance at MTs Negeri in Kampar District. The result of the study that can be writweet is implementation of school intensity improvement program on teacher performance of MTs Negeri in Kampar District is moderate with percentage of 63,83% there is significant change between supervisor performance for teacher with influence equal to 0,489.
MUHAMMADIYAH: GERAKAN PEMBAHARUAN PENDIDIKAN ISLAM
Authors: Yusra Nelly
Published: January 2019

Muhammadiyah is an Islamic reform organization that has had a major impact on the progress of Muslims in Indonesia. The reforms carried out by Muhammadiyah include multidimensional, such as in education, health, economy and culture. In the field of education, Muhammadiyah undertook the modernization of Islamic education, which is essential for the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. Muhammadiyah refined the Islamic education curriculum by incorporating Islamic religious education into public schools and secular knowledge to religious schools. The concept of HIS med the Qur'an, which was launched by Muhammadiyah, could mean that public schools plus Islamic subjects became a model not only for educational institutions under Muhammadiyah, but also used by other Muslim groups, which made education an area of concern. In addition, Muhammadiyah also organized the modernization of madrasah by integrating it with the boarding system (pesantren). Modernization takes place intensely in the form of the introduction of the institutional elements of modern education and the subjects of modern science. The renewal of Muhammadiyah education gave rise to various advances in various areas of Indonesian society.
Novel Aspects of Cardiac Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Mechanisms
Authors: Yagudin T. A. , Shabanova A. T , Liu Hong-Yu
Published: January 2019

Introduction.The present article, in which a contemporary analysis of the literature on the pathophysiology of ischemic and reperfusion injury (IRI) of the myocardium is presented, focuses on the possible role played by of the calpain system and oxidative stress. Several process development options were proposed, including cytosolic and mitochondrial Ca2+ overload, reactive oxygen stress release, acute inflammatory response and metabolic degradation. The combined effect of all of the above factors produces irreversible ischemic and reperfused damage of cardiomyocytes.Materials and methods.The role of the calpain system in the creation of myocardial IRI was experimentally investigated. It was found that active calpain substrates play a significant role in the processes of cell cycle, apoptosis and differentiation, adversely affecting cardiomyocyte functionality. The calpain system is part of an integrated proteolytic system that is critical to the relationship between the structure and function of the cardiac sarcomere. Uncontrolled activation of calpain is indicated in the pathophysiology of many cardiovascular disorders. As shown by research, inhibitor calpain reduces the size of the zone of infarction following ischemia reperfusion and thus lessens the risk of “stunning” the myocardium. As is known, a consequence of IRI is acute myocardial infarction (AMI), which is a central factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and is one of the primary causes of mortality. Understanding the exact pathophysiological mechanisms remains an urgent problem for clinical physicians. To date, the mechanisms of IRI are not fully known, which creates certain difficulties in further treatment and prevention tactics. In addition, myocardial IRI is also an important issue for pathoanatomical service, since sudden coronary death can occur despite timely reperfusion therapy following AMI.Conclusion.The development of strategies for creating conditions that limit the degree of damage to myocardial tissues significantly increases the ability of the heart to withstand ischemic damage.
PENERAPAN RISK BASED AUDIT UNTUK MENINGKATKAN EFEKTIFITAS SIKLUS PENJUALAN PADA PT. “X” DI SURABAYA
Authors: Budiman Liem Mellina Dewi
Published: January 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kecukupan internal control dan kegiatan manajemen risiko yang telah dilakukan oleh manajemen perusahaan apakah telah berjalan secara efektif. Berdasarkan hasil temuan audit maka dapat diketahui bahwa risiko yang paling potensial terjadi di PT “X” adalah stok barang yang dipesan konsumen tidak ada/tidak cukup, keterlambatan pengiriman barang, dan konsumen terlambat/tidak membayar hutangnya pada saat jatuh tempo. Maka direkomendasikan agar PT “X” memperbaiki pengendalian internal yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan perusahaan dan melakukan perbaikan serta penambahan beberapa prosedur dalam siklus penjualannya. Dengan adanya penelitian ini maka diharapkan membantu perusahaan untuk mengevaluasi dan meningkatkan efektivitas proses pengelolaan risiko dan kecukupan pengendalian internalnya serta dapat memberi masukan pada PT “X” untuk perbaikan atas sistem yang telah ada sehingga dapat meningkatkan keefektifitasan siklus penjualannya.
Além da Tradição, da Representação e da Virtualidade
Authors: Natividade Verônica , Rizzo Guilherme , Delarue Henrique , Magioli Rafael
Published: January 2019

Desde o começo da arquitetura ocidental, fundada no classicismo grego, o arquiteto não fez edifícios, mas produziu representações do edifício que possibilitaram sua construção. Assim, a separação histórica entre o ato de pensar e o de construir arquitetura, batizada por Mario Carpo de paradigma Albertiano, estabeleceu as bases do que entendemos hoje como projeto – uma atividade informacional cujos processos passariam a ser definidos por uma gama específica de tecnologias culturais e de mídia disponíveis em cada momento histórico. Uma vez estabelecida a reciprocidade entre representação e construção, os desdobramentos desse paradigma se estendem para além das representações gráficas, intervindo também na maneira de conceituar e de produzir arquitetura. Com a virada digital a partir dos anos 1990 e mais intensamente na década de 2010, a fusão entre artefatos de representação – concepção – construção em modelos digitais impõe métodos inteiramente novos à disciplina e o Paradigma Albertiano começa a retroceder depois de cinco séculos de hegemonia. Esse artigo procura apresentar as linhas gerais de três aspectos dessa síntese digital contemporânea: o fim da compressão de dados dos desenhos bidimensionais em favor dos modelos de informação (data models); a ampliação da janela perspéctica para a visualização imersiva da realidade virtual; e, a construção just-in-time, direto dos computadores para os braços robóticos.
Palavras-chave: representação, computação gráfica, fabricação digital, realidade virtual
Is Smoking an Unfavorable Prognostic Factor for Rheumatoid Arthritis?
Authors: Daniela Duşa , Loredana Hanzu-Pazara , Maria Şuţa
Published: January 2019

Introduction: Smoking is the environmental factor that plays the most important role in the etiology of rheumatoid arthritis and the only one that can be changed. In rheumatoid arthritis patients, smoking results in erosive, rapidly progressive, poor therapeutic response. There are studies suggesting that auto antibodies (rheumatoid factor and anti citrullinated protein antibodies) production is triggered by exposure to smoking, thus contributing to rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: In this study we have proposed to analyze the effects of smoking on the rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: We evaluated 285 patients with RA admitted to Department of Rheumatology, Clinical Emergency Hospital “St. Andrew”, Constanţa during January-December 2013. Demographics of patients and data on the onset and progression of RA were followed. We were particularly interested in the data related to the rheumatoid arthritis prognostic factors as they were established and published by the Romanian Rheumatology Society.

Conclusion: Smoking influences the onset of rheumatoid arthritis, the seropositivity, the presence of extraarticular manifestations, the acute phase reactants and the number of swollen joints. We can therefore conclude that smoking is an unfavorable prognostic factor for rheumatoid arthritis, influencing both the onset and its evolution.
Morphological Features on Myocardial Bridges at the Anterior Interventricular Artery
Authors: Radu Nitu , Petru Bordei , Radu Baz , Viorel Ispas
Published: January 2019

Are described morphological features of myocardial bridges at the anterior interventricular artery obtained from the analysis of 274 cases with 312 myocardial bridges detected by angioCT performed over a period of 3.5 years on a total of 2857 subjects. CT examinations were performed on 1496 females, aged 56-79 years, and 1361 male subjects aged 34-74 years. At the level of the anterior interventricular artery we encountered 231 cases with myocardial bridges (84.31% of the total number of cases), being 267 myocardial bridges (85.58% of the total bridges analyzed). In the case of single myocardial bridges of the anterior interventricular artery, in 65 cases (33.33% of the 195 cases) they were located in the upper third of the artery, 32 cases were female (31.68% of female myocardial bridges) and 33 in male sex (35.11% of male myocardial bridges). In 129 cases (66.67%) were located in the middle third of the artery, 69 cases were female (63.30% female myocardial bridges) and 60 cases in male (64.89% of male myocardial bridges). In one case with three myocardial bridges, the inferior myocardial bridge was located in the lower third of the anterior interventricular artery. The length of the myocardial bridge was between 11.9 and 73.1 mm, for the female gender being 11.9-28.7 mm, and male 9.4-73.1 mm. The thickness of the myocardial bridge was found between 0.9-5.7 mm, for the female gender being 0.9-5.2 mm, and for the male the thickness was 1.7-5.7 mm. The caliber of the tunneling artery was found between 1.2-2.5 mm in female gender, for the male gender 1.3-4 mm.
Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) in the Beskydy Mountains according to Jan Prášek
Authors: Hudeček Jiří J.
Published: January 2019

In the Beskydy Mountains (Lachia area, 49°25′/20°15′), Northern Fulmar (Fulmarus glacialis) was caught of spring, probably before the school year 1902-03, probably in Nižní Lhoty in Silesia. The record of this specimen without any information in a school in Opava and an incomplete report of J. Vrbka about “Common Fulmar” in the Olomouc region (probably European Storm Petrel, Hydrobates pelagicus) do not exclude occasional flights of Tubenoses into the inland Silesia and central Moravia in the past.
The Laws of Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina
Authors: Vyšný Peter
Published: January 2019

The article deals with contents, as well as social contexts and functions of sixteen laws enacted by Motecuhzoma Ilhuicamina or Motecuhzoma I, the fifth ruler (ruled ca. 1440-1460 AD) of a pre-Hispanic city-state Tenochtitlan, the principal capital of the Aztec Empire. The author also focuses on the problem of Motecuhzoma I´s laws´ factual enforcement and discusses its possible limits.

The enactment of Motecuhzoma I´s laws was an important part of state formation process in Tenochtitlan. These laws reinforced the internal hierarchy of Tenochtitlan society and the privileged social position of a tiny ruling class (ruler, nobles by birth, merited non-noble warriors and their quasi-noble descendants), particularly by excluding masses of ordinary people from the exercise of political power, as well as the acquisition, ownership and public display of the so-called “prestige objects”, which were markers of a higher social status (i.e. belonging to the ruling class). Further they established a complex state apparatus of Tenochtitlan (a system of both central and local city-state administration and judiciary), which was headed by a ruler (tlatoani). The laws also helped spread Tenochtitlan official ideology of a religious nature among the population, as they created a mechanism to introduce virtually all nobles and commoners (of both sexes) to the ideology (public schools compulsory attended by all later pubertal and adolescent youth of Tenochtitlan), as well as an organization of priests who dramatized the ideological doctrines by their (mostly public) ritual performancies. Finally, there were also laws concerning the punishment of adulterers and thieves. The factual enforcement of Motecuhzoma I´s laws by Tenochtitlan ruler/state apparatus was limited due to several reasons, e.g. the rise of local autonomous and autarchic socioeconomic units resisting to some degree the power of state and the law enacted by the state.
Indoor air pollution and the contribution of biosensors
Authors: Eltzov Evgeni , De Cesarea Abri Lavena , Low ‘Yuen Kei Adarina , Marks Robert S.
Published: January 2019

A vast majority of people today spend more time indoors than outdoors. However, the air quality indoors may be as bad as or even worse than the air quality outside. This is due to the continuous circulation of the same air without proper ventilation and filtration systems, causing a buildup of pollutants. As such, indoor air quality monitoring should be considered more seriously. Indoor air quality (IAQ) is a measure of the air quality within and around buildings and relates to the health and comfort of building occupants. To determine the IAQ, computer modeling is done to simulate the air flow and human exposure to the pollutant. Currently, very few instruments are available to measure the indoor air pollution index. In this paper, we will review the list of techniques available for measuring IAQ, but our emphasis will be on indoor air toxicity monitoring.
Rouhani’s and Obama’s Persian New Year messages: A systemic functional grammar perspective
Authors: Karimnia Amin , Rahbarian Shidak
Published: January 2019

This study investigated Nowruz (Persian New Year) messages by Presidents Hassan Rouhani and Barack Obama in March 2016. The study critically analyzed the discourse of these two presidential messages and uncovered the hidden aspects of their ideologies, policies, and background worldviews. In doing so, an integrated version of Halliday’s systemic functional grammar (SFG) and critical discourse analysis (CDA) was used. The analysis of data included various linguistic dimensions (e.g. processes, modality, transitivity) of the messages and their statistics. Although results suggested that Obama intended to build a more intimate situation, both presidents tried to inspire a spirit of action, development and effort in their respective governments. The messages did not reveal considerable thematic differences, except some discoursal religious features expressed in Rouhani’s message.
Examining validity in computerized dynamic assessment
Authors: Alonazi Zaha
Published: January 2019

Computerized dynamic assessment (CDA) posits itself as a new type of assessment that includes mediation in the assessment process. Proponents of dynamic assessment (DA) in general and CDA in particular argue that the goals of DA are in congruence with the concept of validity that underscores the social consequences of test use and the integration of learning and assessment (Sternberg & Grigorenko, 2002; Poehner, 2008; Shabani, 2012;). However, empirical research on CDA falls short in supporting such an argument. Empirical studies on CDA are riddled with ill-defined constructs and insufficient supporting evidence in regard to the aspects of validity postulated by Messick (1989, 1990, 1996). Due to the scarcity of research on CDA, this paper explores the potentials and the viability of this intervention-based assessment in computer assisted language testing context in light of its conformity with Messick’s unitary view of validity. The paper begins with a discussion of the theoretical foundations and models of DA. It then proceeds to discuss the differences between DA and non-dynamic assessment (NDA) measures before critically appraising the empirical studies on CDA. The critical review of the findings in CDA literature aims at shedding light on some drawbacks in the design of CDA research and the compatibility of the concept of construct validity in CDA with Messick’s (1989) unitary concept of validity. The review of CDA concludes with some recommendations for rectifying gaps to establish CDA in a more prominent position in computerized language testing.
Physiological reaction of basket willow (Salix viminalis L.) to copper excess in hydroponic medium
Authors: Malinowska Katarzyna , Malinowski Ryszard , Studziński Mateusz
Published: January 2019

The influence of copper salt, in a concentration range of 50–150 mg·dm−3, on the physiological response of basket willow was studied on Tora variety, which were grown in hydroponics. Content of assimilation pigments, relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), intensity of assimilation and transpiration, stomatal conductance, photosynthetic rate of water use efficiency (WUE) and instantaneous photosynthetic rate of water use (WUEI) were determined in leaves. It was observed that the decrease in the concentration of tested physiological parameters correlated with the increase in copper salt doses in the medium. The assimilation and transpiration of basket willow were significantly limited by stomata. The addition of copper salt to the medium increased WSD in leaves of the basket willow. The obtained results of the studied physiological parameters may prove useful for the assessment of resistance of the studied willow cultivar to stress caused by increased copper ion content in medium and its applicability in reclamation of areas degraded by humans.
The physiological and genetic differences between flycatchers (Ficedula albicollis vs. Ficedula hypoleuca)
Authors: Drahulian Maria , Chaplygina Angela , Savynska Nadiia , Kostenko Svitlana , Ostrovskyi Pavlo , Gusar Katerina
Published: January 2019

The paper studies interspecies physiological and genetic differences between the white-collared flycatcher and the pied flycatcher of the genus Ficedula. The fact that the flycatchers are capable of interspecies hybridization is one more reason for particular interest to these species. Using our own-developed method of taking venous blood from the eye’s sinus, we took blood samples from birds in the protected area of Homilshanski Forests, Kharkiv, Ukraine, to study their leukogram patterns. The bird feathers were also collected for genetic analysis -- to identify interspecies differences with application of the ISSR technique. It was revealed that the percentage of heterophiles in the nestlings of the pied flycatcher was lower than in the nestlings of the white-collared flycatcher. The micronucleus test did not reveal any significant difference in the interspecies groups. The spectra of amplification products obtained with the primer (AGC)6 G showed that the white-collared flycatchers had a more heterogeneous structure. The study of the leukogram, micronucleus test, and the ISSR analysis can be especially effective in the study of intra-species genetic differentiation.
Influence of hydrate formation and wall shear stress on the corrosion rate of industrial pipeline materials
Authors: Poberezhny L. , Hrytsanchuk A. , Hrytsuliak G. , Poberezhna L. , Kosmii M.
Published: January 2019

In the modern systems of transportation of oil, gas and condensate, in the units of regasification of liquefied natural gas, two-phase flows play an increasingly important role in technological equipment used in the chemical and oil refining industry, power engineering and other industries. All available studies on the formation of gas hydrates were mainly focused on their ability to clog pipes along their entire length. While their ability to cause (initiate) corrosion remains virtually unexplored. Therefore, to increase the efficiency of industrial pipelines it is necessary to study the joint effect of hydration formation and stresses of friction on corrosion of the pipeline. The mathematical model of pipeline corrosion has been further developed by considering the influence of the gas hydrate. The influence of pressure, temperature on the speed of corrosion processes is estimated and it is shown that under the most unfavorable conditions the corrosion rate under the action of gas hydrates can increase several times.
Application of thermal analysis for the evaluation of mineral solution penetration into wood
Authors: Majstríková T. , Daňková J. , Mec P.
Published: January 2019

Interaction of mineral solutions with solid wood leads to saturation of the wood matrix, then to the deposition of mineral particles and eventually to reaction with wood components. In this way a partially or fully mineralized wood occurs in natural or artificial conditions, whose physical-mechanical properties are influenced by the retention and by the character of the solution. Targeted application of organosilanes is based on a similar principle that reduces the intake of liquid water and thus leads to an increase in durability, however, it also causes wood corrosion and consequent decrease in mechanical parameters. In this study, penetration of commercial organosilanes-based product Lukofob 39 into solid wood was described in order to determine the extent of the mineralized part into which the solution penetrated. In this case, characteristic mineral deposits are formed in the wood matrix and its quantification by thermal analysis can be advantageously used to describe the penetration of the solution. Based on the analyses of specific samples taken from primary specimens with different exposure times in the solution, it can be stated that with the increasing exposition time the penetration depth of the solution as well as the amount of mineral deposits increase. The shifts on the thermal analysis curves also show the corrosion effects of Lukofob 39 on the basic components of wood.