bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Ciência no Feminino: Desdobramentos Históricos, Interseccionais e Contemporâneos
Authors: Fary Bruna Adriane , Dayani de Souza Assai Natany , Caroline de Souza Denise
Published: December 2024

Este trabalho debruça-se em apresentar e divulgar um panorama acerca da “Ciência no Feminino”, desde a Antiguidade até a contemporaneidade. Para tanto, esse estudo analisa a obra “Ciência no Feminino: subsídios históricos e práticas para o Ensino de Ciências”, com o intuito de discutir e divulgar os desdobramentos históricos, interseccionais e contemporâneos de um panorama acerca da Ciência no Feminino, bem como apresentar as implicações e direções futuras do estudo em questão. O estudo, de caráter qualitativo, pautou-se nos pressupostos da Análise Textual Discursiva. Os resultados desdobraram-se em três aspectos: a construção da ciência moderna, as relações interseccionais e os desdobramentos contemporâneos e as mulheres perante o século XXI. O percorrer histórico mostra que a Ciência no Feminino possui origem em território africano, mas que a consolidação colonialista da ciência moderna ocorre, majoritariamente, em solo europeu. Nota-se uma expansão intercontinental das cientistas mulheres no século XXI, indicando um movimento em direção a representatividade feminina na ciência. A obra apresenta uma expansão dos estudos sobre a influência de questões axiológicas, como patriarcado, racismo, capitalismo e colonialidade na construção do conhecimento científico, destacando a relevância crescente desses temas nas últimas décadas. Trata-se de um exemplo de literatura que busca repensar as questões interseccionais, enfocando as barreiras estruturais que afetam a representatividade feminina na ciência. As propostas didáticas construídas ao final dos capítulos propõem uma ferramenta de apoio ao professor para abordar tal perspectiva no Ensino de Ciências. Portanto, vislumbra-se como possibilidades de pesquisas futuras, a implementação de ações dessa natureza na Educação Básica.
Tendências de Pesquisa no Ensino de Química sobre a Argumentação
Authors: Macie Belém Júrcia Violeta , Arruda Sergio de Mello , Passos Marinez Meneghello
Published: December 2024

Este artigo traz os resultados de um estudo de revisão de literatura, que teve por objetivo realizar um levantamento e analisar as tendências de pesquisas no Ensino de Química a respeito da argumentação, no período de 2012 a 2021. Para tal, elaboramos uma questão desencadeadora do processo: Quais são as tendências de pesquisas sobre argumentação no Ensino de Química? Todavia, para chegar a um resultado interpretativo, criamos questões esclarecedoras que conduziram ao movimento final; são elas: Quais sujeitos foram investigados? Qual é o tipo de colaboração entre os autores dessas produções da literatura? Quais foram os tópicos temáticos mais pesquisados? E como foi realizada a análise da argumentação? O Google Scholar foi a ferramenta de busca e utilizou-se, como procedimento metodológico, o guia de revisão sistemática de Okoli, associado aos procedimentos indicados pela Análise Textual Discursiva apresentados por Moraes e Galiazzi. Foram analisados 36 artigos e emergiram 4 categorias, que estão relacionadas com as questões esclarecedoras: C1 – Sujeitos investigados; C2 – Colaboração entre os autores; C3 – Tópicos temáticos; C4 – Procedimentos analíticos. Os resultados revelam que a maioria dos estudos foi realizada em ambientes do Ensino Médio e os pesquisados foram os alunos. Geralmente, as colaborações ocorreram entre autores da mesma instituição e o tópico temático que se destacou foi a compreensão das condições do desenvolvimento da argumentação, com destaque ao estudo de estratégias que a promovem. Nos procedimentos analíticos as pesquisas indicaram recorrência ao modelo de Toulmin em análises majoritariamente textuais e poucos estudos teóricos de revisão.
Emergência das Zonas do Perfil Conceitual de Substância no Conteúdo de Funções Orgânicas em um Livro Didático de Química
Authors: Magalhães dos Santos João Paulo , Ferreira dos Santos Bruno
Published: December 2024

Perfis conceituais são modelos que expressam a heterogeneidade de modos de pensar e falar sobre um conceito científico considerado polissêmico. Nesse modelo, cada modo de significação do conceito é caracterizado como uma zona. O perfil conceitual de substância apresentado por Silva, por exemplo, é composto por cinco zonas: generalista, utilitarista/pragmática, substancialista, racionalista e relacional. Esta investigação tem como objetivo principal a análise da emergência de zonas do perfil conceitual de substância na abordagem das funções orgânicas em um livro didático (LD) de química. Para isso, nós: (I) mapeamos a frequência em que emergem as zonas do perfil de substância na abordagem sobre funções orgânicas em um LD; (II) analisamos quais modos de comunicação visual do texto auxiliam a emergência de cada uma dessas zonas; e (III) identificamos conceitos presentes no livro cuja compreensão estava associada a zonas do perfil de substância. Os resultados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo, o que permitiu a organização dos dados em duas categorias. A categoria “funções orgânicas e a emergência das zonas racionalista e relacional” que reúne dados que evidenciam a emergência dessas zonas associadas às representações simbólicas, dados empíricos e fotografias que ilustram aplicações tecnológicas relacionadas as funções orgânicas; e a categoria “funções orgânicas e a emergência das zonas generalista, utilitarista/pragmática e substancialista” abarca unidades que buscam apresentar discussões sobre as funções orgânicas de maneira contextualizada com aspectos relacionados ao uso das funções no cotidiano ou uma abordagem histórica acerca das funções.
Energia Nuclear e Direitos Humanos: Uma Análise de Livros Didáticos de Química
Authors: Toledo Evelyn Jeniffer de Lima , Magalhães Rodrigues Jéssica
Published: December 2024

A possibilidade de conversão da energia nuclear em energia elétrica envolve muitas facetas, de modo que ainda não há consenso na discussão, mesmo entre especialistas. Dessa forma, acreditamos haver aqui um espaço rico para fomentar na sala de aula debates envolvendo diversos aspectos necessários à formação cidadã: ético, político, econômico, químico etc. Considerando as coleções do Plano Nacional do Livro Didático (PNLD) instrumentos de democratização do conhecimento, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar como os livros de Química do PNLD de 2018 contribuem para uma Educação baseada nos Direitos Humanos ao trabalhar a temática da energia nuclear. Para isso, através da análise de conteúdo de Bardin, foram investigadas características aprioristas defendidas por Candau, são elas: (1) visão integral dos direitos; (2) educação para o “nunca mais”, (3) formação de sujeitos de direito e atores sociais; (4) empoderamento individual e coletivo. Como resultado, foi observada algumas aproximações com as duas primeiras características pela maioria das coleções, embora tenham sido feitas de modo implícito. Diante dos resultados, podemos afirmar que os livros têm um longo caminho a percorrer na direção de contribuir para uma cultura de direitos humanos que visa à formação para uma cidadania ativa e participativa. Assim, queremos estimular que autores, professores e estudantes aproveitem todos os espaços possíveis para debater os direitos fundamentais de forma a fortalecer uma cultura de direitos humanos, contribuindo com o rompimento do senso comum de que tais direitos visam proteger bandidos.
Ecofeminist’s Interpretation of Cry, the Peacock
Authors: Shrestha Ravi Kumar
Published: December 2024

This paper delves into the domination of both women and nature regarding them as subordinates in Anita Desai’s Cry, the Peacock. The parallel treatment both women and nature get in the world indicate that they are inferior to men due to patriarchy. Along with the colonization of America by Europeans, the woman and nature have been subjugated. On the one hand, due to rise of science and technology, the hierarchy between humans and nonhumans has been created and humans have shown their dominance over nonhumans regarding themselves much superior to the nonhumans. So, the interconnectedness of all living beings is denied and relation between humans and nonhumans is terribly affected. On the other hand, due to patriarchy, women are treated as submissive as nature and both women and nature are dominated. The major objective of the paper is to explore the connection between ecology and feminism due to patriarchy.
Since the paper deals with the protagonist’s, Maya’s struggle to free from her husband, Gautam, the representative of patriarchy and her love for her pet dog, whereas her husband shows indifference to her and the dog, the suppression and domination of both Maya and the dog get revealed in the novel, the ecofeminism becomes the right theory for the textual analysis of the novel. In this context, Carolyn Merchant’s concept “Women and nature have an age-old association - an affiliation that has persisted throughout culture, history and language” (xix) becomes applicable reflecting the connection between women and nature. Likewise, from Merchant’s theoretical lens, Maya’s struggles in the select novel can be understood as Merchant states “Women are struggling to free themselves from cultural and economic constrains that have kept them subordinates to men in America society” (xix). Hence, for the theoretical concept, Merchant’s theory of ecofeminism has been adopted.
A research brief describing a logic model framework for planning a Food Recovery Network chapter at an undergraduate university
Authors: Altomare Tanu , Payton Colleen
Published: December 2024

In the United States, both food security and food waste are critical issues for population health and well-being. Approximately 13.5% of U.S house­holds experienced food insecurity in 2023. In a given year, an estimated 22 million pounds (10 million kg) of food are wasted in college campus dining halls. Food Recovery Network (FRN) student-led chapters work to reduce food waste on campus, connect food-insecure popu­lations with excess food, and provide various opportunities for students to participate in activi­ties related to food security and food sustainability. This research brief describes the development of a logic model framework for planning an FRN chapter at an undergraduate university in Lehigh Valley, Penn­sylvania, and initial outcomes from Weigh the Waste events and a food drive. A logic model was developed to outline the situation, priorities, inputs, outputs, outcomes, assumptions, external factors, and FRN chapter evaluation plan. The main outputs include regular FRN chapter meet­ings, FRN chapter social media outreach, collab­oration with community-based organizations, Weigh the Waste events to address campus food waste, and food drives to provide resources for organizations serving food-insecure populations. For the Weigh the Waste events, a total of 529 lbs. (240 kg) of food waste, 296 lbs. (134 kg) of bev­erage waste, and 88 lbs. (40 kg) of plastic utensil waste was collected from 1,555 dining hall visitors during four meal periods. For the food drive, 1,618 items totaling 548 lbs. (249 kg), including food, toiletries, and cleaning supplies, were collected and donated. FRN chapters at other universities may find this model useful for program planning and for the sustainability of the student group over time.
Synthesis and characterization of mullite (3Al2O3.2SiO2) sol by sol-gel route using inorganic salts
Authors: Sajjadi Milani Sahar , Ghassemi Kakroudi Mahdi , Pourmohammadi Vafa Nasser
Published: December 2024

Mullite, also referred to as 3Al2O3.2SiO2, is recognized as the only chemically stable intermediate phase in the SiO2–Al2O3 system, as indicated by mineralogical studies. Several synthesis techniques can be employed to obtain mullite. In this research, the synthesis of mullite particles is aimed to be achieved via the sol-gel route using inexpensive materials, specifically silica sol and aluminum nitrate hydrate [(Al(NO3)3.9H2O] as sources for silica and alumina, respectively. The article is organized into two sections which describe and discuss the systematic synthesis of the mullite sol. The first section emphasizes the influence of the stoichiometric values of Al and Si elements on the formation of the mullite phase at 1200 °C. The effects of sintering temperature on the microstructure and composition of the synthesized mullite sol, with a 3:1 alumina-to-silica ratio, are discussed in the following section. This includes pH, density, solid content, particle size distribution, thermal analysis, phase evolution with temperature, nature of bonds, and microstructural analysis. The XRD results for the mullite sol with a 3:1 alumina-to-silica ratio show strong crystalline diffraction peaks of the mullite phase and the absence of a free silica phase at 1200 °C. The solution exhibits a clear, stable, and homogeneous appearance, with a density of 1.17 g/cm3, a pH ranging from 4 to 5, and a solid content of approximately 15%, measured after heating at 1000 °C for 2 h.
Comparison Of Techniques Used in Three-Dimensional Modelling of Small-Sized Objects with Mobile Phones
Authors: Pulat Fatih , Yakar Murat
Published: December 2024

Many cultural assets have not survived from the past to the present without preserving their structural integrity. In order to maintain our connection with the past, many techniques have been developed to protect these cultural artifacts. One of these techniques is based on the photogrammetry technique, which is a technique developed by the discipline of surveying engineering, in which the physical dimensions of the object are measured geodetically without contact with the objects and their three-dimensional models are produced in a computer environment by taking their photographs considering photographic rules. Thanks to this technique, all the geometric and structural features of the structure, metric information, and details of the object's integrity such as material type can be revealed. Modelling techniques and scanning methods have also developed with developing technology. In recent years, with the development of three-dimensional scanning technologies, it has become quite easy to transfer physical objects to digital media. Thanks to these methods, an existing object can be quickly transferred to digital media and then changes can be made to this digital model or preparations can be made for production. Three-dimensional modelling accelerates design processes, reduces costs and increases production quality. In addition, it can be widely used in engineering, industry, geology, archaeology, virtual reality and augmented reality applications. In this study, a three-dimensional modelling of a small object was made using the lidar scanning method, which is one of the advanced scanning methods of today, and photographs taken with the same mobile phone camera using an iPhone 14 Pro model mobile phone lidar sensor. Modelling was done using the 3D Scanner App software and the scanning techniques allowed by the software were compared. The creation times of the model obtained with each scanning technique, the number of photographs used, the model integrity and sharpness, the reference measurements obtained from the object and the measurements obtained from the model were compared and statistical values were obtained from these data. In the light of this data, it was discussed which scanning technique and model gave better results.
Deep Learning Based Panchromatic2RGB Image Generation from VHR Images
Authors: Ünyılmaz Ceyda Nigar , Kulavuz Bahadır , Bakırman Tolga , Bayram Bülent
Published: December 2024

Image colorization is the process of obtaining colored images by assigning RGB color values to a grayscale or panchromatic image. This technique has an important place in the field of computer vision because colored images provide a better visual experience and are widely used in areas such as image recognition and object detection. It also has many practical applications such as coloring historical photographs, adding colors to be used in the analysis of medical images, and improving the analysis of satellite images. Colorization methods are divided into two main categories: brush coloring and sample-based coloring. Both methods have certain limitations. The performance of these methods depends on the selected reference images and may sometimes contain false colors or significant errors. While these methods require operator intervention or pre-defined rules, deep learning based methods are largely automated and uses neural networks to understand the global and local context of an image, leading to more realistic and contextually accurate colorizations.
The presented study uses the Denoising Diffusion Null-Space Model (DDNM) architecture. DDNM is a method that aims to obtain more efficient and high-quality results compared to the coloring approaches available in literature. In the study, the weight data of the DDNM architecture was used to predict colored images from panchromatic images using the SpaceNet 6 open access dataset. The SpaceNet 6 dataset includes a combination of Capella Space 0.5m Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery and Maxar's 0.5m electro-optical (EO) imagery. In order to assess the results, Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Structural Similarity Index Measure (SSIM) accuracy metrics are calculated.
幼兒性好奇行為之調查研究
Authors: 丁雪茵 丁雪茵 , 黃乙玄 黃乙玄 , 趙國玉 趙國玉
Published: December 2024

本研究旨在瞭解性好奇行為表現概況及幼兒背景之影響。採用網路問卷調查，以新竹縣市公私立幼兒園家長為對象，採用分層隨機抽樣，共回收677份有效問卷。資料分析採用描述性統計、獨立樣本t檢定、單因子變異數分析。結果發現：在七種類型中，「性疑問」出現的比例最高，其次為「身體探索 (非接觸)」與「生殖器自我觸摸」，而常見的性好奇行為有九項。 (二) 不同性別、年齡、手足情形在某些行為類型上達顯著差異。男孩較多「身體界線之互動行為」與「生殖器自我觸摸」，女孩較多「性好奇遊戲」與「性疑問」；4歲以下幼兒較多「身體探索 (接觸)」，年齡越大「性疑問」越多；有6歲以下手足的幼兒較多「言談中的性語言」與「性疑問」。(三) 使用3C時間沒有顯著差異，但收看節目類型在性好奇行為表現有顯著差異。(四)有六項性好奇行為與國內過去研究發現類似，二項則與國外研究類似，對「生殖器」的好奇行為是跨文化的。本文結論說明研究限制，並提出未來研究建議。

 

This study aims to understand the profile of sexually curious behaviors and the impact of different children backgrounds. An online questionnaire survey was conducted, targeting parents of public and private kindergartens in Hsinchu County and City, using stratified random sampling. A total of 677 valid questionnaires were collected. Descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, and single-factor analysis of variation were used for data analysis. The results showed that (1) among the seven types, "sexual questions" had the highest proportion, followed by "body exploration (non-contact)" and "genital self-touching". There are nine common behaviors of sexual curiosity. (2) significant differences exist in certain behavioral types according to gender, age, and sibling status. Boys are more likely to engage in "body-boundary interaction" and "genital self-touching," and girls are more likely to engage in "sexual curiosity play" and "sexual questions." Children under 4 years old have more "body exploration (contact)", and the older they are, the more "sexual questions" they have; children with siblings under 6 years old have more "sexual language in speech" and "sexual questions". (3) There is no significant difference in the time spent using 3C, but there is a significant difference in the type of programs watched in terms of sexual curiosity behavior. (4) Six behaviors are similar to Taiwan research findings, and two are similar to foreign research findings. “Interest in genitals" is a cross-culturally common behavior. The article concludes with the study’s limitations and suggestions for future research.

 
以愛為首，用健康打底～用健康烹煮名為愛的菜餚～
Authors: 邱寵萱 邱寵萱
Published: December 2024

性教育是生命中的重要課題，因為人是情感的動物，我們透過感官看見、聽見、感受世界脈動；透過相處，體驗情感的建立、維持和經營。在生命的歷程裡，除了滿足生理需求與安全需求外，愛與隸屬以及自尊的需求，是人持續追求的更高層次。性教育課程從「健康」態度開始，在尊重、關懷、平權的環境中，引導學生架構情感的本質和培養生活技能，傾聽學生的生活經驗與看法，在素養導向的情境中，讓學生建立自己的健康正向價值觀，學習健康地愛人與感受被愛。「以愛為首，用健康打底」教案串聯了八年級的性教育課程架構，藉由五個單元的教學，引導學生理解愛的意涵，清楚有效溝通和自我肯定式拒絕是建立(親密)人際關係的要件，能分析未成年性行為的生理、心理與社會關係的風險，理解性行為必須在雙方有愛、長久且穩定的互信關係下發生，並能透過合宜的自我覺察及做決定技能以延後發生性行為，在完整的學習後，能真正地成為自己情感的主人。

 

The core of sex education lies in adopting a ""healthy"" attitude. Through an environment of respect, care, and equality, students are guided to understand the essence of emotions, cultivate life skills, and, within a competency-based learning context, establish healthy and positive values. They learn how to love healthily and feel loved in return.

The ""Love First, Health as the Foundation"" lesson plan integrates the sex education curriculum for eighth grade, utilizing five teaching units to help students gradually understand the meaning of love. Students learn effective communication and self-affirming refusal, which are essential for building intimate interpersonal relationships. The curriculum also guides students to analyze the physiological, psychological, and social risks associated with underage sexual behavior, emphasizing that sexual activity should occur within a mutually loving and stable, trusting relationship. Finally, through self-awareness and decision-making skills, students gain the ability to delay sexual activity and become the masters of their own emotions.

 
腎盂小細胞神經內分泌癌：一病例報告及論文回顧
Authors: 陳奕先 陳奕先 , 翁啟倫 翁啟倫 , 周詠欽 周詠欽
Published: December 2024

目的：報告一例罕見的腎盂小細胞神經內分泌癌。病例報告：一名58歲女性因持續兩週的無痛性肉眼血尿就診。診間腎臟超音波檢查顯示右側腎積水伴隨有腎盂部的腫塊。電腦斷層掃描顯示右側腎盂有一3厘米局限性腫塊，導致右側腎積水。病患接受了右側腎盂尿管切除術並膀胱袖口切除。在顯微鏡下觀察，腫瘤細胞顯示出小細胞神經內分泌癌的典型特徵，例如相對較小的細胞、高的核質比、不明顯的細胞邊緣和稀少的細胞質。腫瘤細胞的免疫組織化學研究顯示，細胞角蛋白和GATA-3染色呈陽性。神經內分泌鑑別顯示出突觸素、嗜鉻蛋白A和CD56染色呈陽性。她被轉介到我們的醫學腫瘤科進行輔助化療。手術後九個月的影像檢查未發現局部復發或遠處轉移的跡象。結論和重要性：由於案例報告有限，在手術前沒有明確的影像學徵象可以與其他腎腫瘤加以區分。一旦確診，由於其強侵襲性的生長模式，術後輔助治療是必要的。

 

Purpose: To present a rare clinical presentation of renal pelvis small cell neu-roendocrine carcinoma. Case report: A 58-year-old female visited our urology de-partment due to painless gross hematuria for two weeks. A renal ultrasound revealed right-side hydronephrosis with a mass lesion on the renal pelvis. Enhanced comput-erized tomography demonstrated a 3 cm localized enhanced mass on the right renal pelvis causing right hydronephrosis. A right nephroureterectomy with bladder cuff resection was performed. Microscopically, the tumor cells showed typical features of small cell neuroendocrine carcinomas, such as relatively small cells, a high N:C ratio, poorly defined cell borders, and scant cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical stud-ies revealed that the tumor cells were positive for cytokeratin and GATA-3. Neuro-endocrine differentiation demonstrated positive staining for synaptophysin, chro-mogranin A, and CD56. The patient was referred to the medical oncology depart-ment for adjuvant chemotherapy. Follow-up imaging at 9 months showed no signs of local recurrence or distant metastasis. Conclusion and Importance: There is no definite radiologic sign to differentiate renal pelvis small cell neuroendocrine carci-noma from other kidney tumors preoperatively at present due to limited case reports. Once diagnosed, postoperative adjuvant therapy is mandatory due to its vigorous growth pattern.

 
РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ ЖИВОПИСНОЙ КАЙМЫ ПЛАФОНА ЦЕРКВИ ВОСКРЕСЕНИЯ ХРИСТОВА ЕКАТЕРИНИНСКОГО ДВОРЦА В ЦАРСКОМ СЕЛЕ
Authors:  Русакова Н.И.
Published: December 2024

Четыре части живописной каймы (обрамления) центрального плафона в  церкви Воскресения Христова Екатерининского дворца в Царском Селе сильно пострадали или были утрачены. Многочисленные, почти не читаемые фрагменты живописи изменили геометрическую форму из-за усадки основы. Из этих разнородных по состоянию фрагментов была собрана живописная иллюзия архитектурного пространства: реставраторы начали с маленьких утрат и потертостей, а закончили огромными фрагментами, непонятными ни по рисунку, ни по живописи, не споря при этом с оригинальной академической живописью В.К. Шебуева. Воссозданная вместо утраченной живопись слишком выделялась бы на фоне поврежденного изображения, выполненного Шебуевым. Введение цвета усложнило бы общий вид, особенно на стыке с утратами. Использование техники условного тонального восполнения позволило выстраивать градации так, чтобы тонировки не создавали дополнительного живописного эффекта и не соперничали с сохранившейся живописью. Тонирование выполнено в технике tratteggio.

The four parts of the painted border (frame) of the central plafond of the church hall were badly damaged or lost. Numerous nearly illegible fragments of the painting changed their geometric shape due to the shrinkage of the support. These fragments in various conditions were combined together into a picturesque illusion of an architectural space without contradicting the original academic painting by Vasily Shebuyev: starting with small losses and scuff marks, the restorers ended with vast fragments that were obscure both in their drawing and painting aspects. Were the painting to be restored to replace the lost parts, they would stand out too much against the background of the damaged original painting. The introduction of colour would overelaborate the overall look, especially the joints with the damaged parts. The technique of conditional tonal filling of losses made it possible to build tonal gradations in such a way that the retouching did not create an additional pictorial effect and did not compete with the preserved painting. Retouching was done using the tratteggio technique.
НАРОДНАЯ ИКОНА И ОПЫТ ЕЕ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОЙ РЕСТАВРАЦИИ
Authors:  Еремин Д.А. ,  Левина У.А.
Published: December 2024

Феномен народной иконы — явление значимое, но часто теряющееся на фоне классических образцов религиозной живописи. Различные аспекты его истории влияют на практику реставрации каждого конкретного памятника — в данном случае это икона, относящаяся к поздней украинской народной традиции. Краткий обзор основных вех развития фольклорного направления в иконописи на примере нескольких наиболее характерных южных региональных школ дает возможность атрибутировать данный памятник и  найти аналогии для воссоздания изображения в процессе реставрации образа «Спас Вседержитель».

The folk icon represents an important phenomenon whose significance is often overlooked against the background of classical examples of religious paintings. Various aspects of the history of the folk icon affect the practice of restoration of each individual monument of art, in our case, an icon that belongs to the late Ukrainian folk tradition of iconography. A brief overview of the main milestones in the development of the folk tradition in icon painting is exemplified by several representatives of southern regional schools that has enabled the attribution of the icon of the Almighty Saviour (Christ Pantocrator) and has provided analogous examples that have permitted to reconstruct the image in the process of restoration.
ЗНАЧИМОСТЬ ПРОВЕДЕНИЯ НАУЧНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ ДЛЯ СОСТАВЛЕНИЯ ПЛАНА РЕСТАВРАЦИОННЫХ МЕРОПРИЯТИЙ
Authors:  Березина А.С. ,  Осетров А.А.
Published: December 2024

В 2018–2019 гг. в мастерских кафедры живописи и реставрации СПГХПА им. А.Л. Штиглица в рам- ках дипломного проекта была проведена реставрация картины неизвестного художника XIX в. «Мадонна в кресле» (копии полотна Рафаэля Санти), выполненной в технике масляной живописи на холсте. В процессе работы под видимым верхним красочным слоем был обнаружен нижний. Для определения степени его сохранности и составления плана реставрационных мероприятий был проведен комплекс исследований, включающий в себя инфракрасное излучение, свет видимой люминесценции под действием УФ лучей, рентгенографию, а также метод лабораторного анализа на поперечных микрошлифах (оптическая микроскопия, микрохимический анализ, энергодисперсионная рентгеновская спектроскопия).

The restoration of the Madonna of the Chair (Madonna della Seggiola), a 19th-century oil on canvas painting by unknown artist after Raphael, conducted in 2018–2019 at the Department of Painting and Restoration of the Stieglitz Academy as part of an MA graduation project, an earlier paint layer beneath the visible paint layer. To determine the condition of the underlying paint layer and to develop a plan of restoration interventions, scientific investigations were conducted, including infrared radiation, luminescence under UV light, X-radiography, and micro cross section laboratory analysis (optical microscopy, microchemical analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy).
РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ СТЕННОЙ РОСПИСИ XI ВЕКА ИЗ ПЕЩЕРНОГО МОНАСТЫРЯ БЕЗЕКЛИК
Authors:  Жервэ М.Б.
Published: December 2024

В 2013 году роспись «Бодхисаттва с зонтиком» из пещерного буддийского монастыря Безеклик в Восточном Туркестане (территория современного Китая) поступила в лабораторию научной реставрации монументальной живописи Государственного Эрмитажа. Роспись находилась в аварийном состоянии. Результаты визуального обследования, а также лабораторных исследований показали, что красочный слой был покрыт клеем, вызвавшим сильное разрушение памятника и изменившим колорит произведения. Вся поверхность фрагмента была пронизана сетью трещин с приподнятыми краями красочного слоя. Имелись внутренние расслоения штукатурки. Лессовое штукатурное основание, грунт и красочный слой ослаблены. В 2013–2015 гг. проведен полный комплекс реставрационных мероприятий: размонтировка и уда- ление гипсовой плиты; удаление старого реставрационного клея; укрепление штукатурки и кра- сочного слоя; укладка приподнятых краев кракелюров; выравнивание деформаций; монтировка на новое прочное основание.

In 2013 the mural Bodhisattva with Umbrella was delivered to the Laboratory of Scientific Restoration of Mural Painting of the State Hermitage Museum. The mural was in need of an emergency restoration. Visual observation and laboratory investigations found that the colour layer had been covered with glue that considerably damaged the fragment and adversely affected its colour scheme. The whole surface of the fragment was riddled with cracks with raised edges of the colour layer. Inner deteriorations of the plaster were found. The loess plaster layer, the ground layer and the colour layer were weakened. In 2013–2015 a complete cycle of restoration interventions was conducted: the mural was dismounted, the  gypsum support and the old restoration glue were removed, the plaster and colour layers were strengthened, the raised edges of craquelure were flattened, the deformations were corrected, and the mural was mounted on a new strong and lightweight support.
ОБРАЗЕЦ КАЛЛИГРАФИИ НА ТУТОВОМ ЛИСТЕ
Authors:  Козлова Е.В.
Published: December 2024

Исследования, проведенные перед реставрацией образца арабской каллиграфии на тутовом листе из собрания отдела Востока Государственного Эрмитажа, выявили особенности изготовления памятника: вместо позолоты на лист был нанесен гальваническим способом слой меди. В процессе проведения реставрационных мероприятий с минимальным внедрением в памятник был выполнен комплекс работ: подклейка фрагмента, точечная фиксация и создание индивидуального бокса для хранения и экспонирования памятника.

Research carried out before the restoration of a sample of Arabic calligraphy on a mulberry leaf from the collection of the Oriental Department of the State Hermitage Museum in Saint Petersburg revealed peculiarities of the making of this monument of art: a layer of copper was applied to the leaf by electroplating rather than gilding. Restoration interventions were conducted with minimal introduction into the monument of art and included gluing of a fragment, point fixation and designing an individual storage and display box for the art object.
РЕСТАВРАЦИЯ КАЗАХСКОГО СЕДЛА ИЗ КОЛЛЕКЦИИ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО ЭРМИТАЖА
Authors:  Столярова Т.С. , Образцов Вс. Н.
Published: December 2024

В собрании Государственного Эрмитажа хранится большое количество конской упряжи, богато украшенной различными видами материалов и в большинстве случаев выполненной в нескольких сочетающихся техниках. Работа с такими предметами требует знания различных методов реставрации органических материалов и их структурных особенностей. Декоративное оформление экспонатов прикладного искусства часто включает в себя живопись, опыт работы с которой также необходим. Примером реставрации подобного объекта может послужить работа над «седлом киргизским» (в инвентаре ГЭ) — казахским седлом последней четверти XVIII в.

The State Hermitage houses a  large number of  horse harnesses richly decorated with various types of materials and, in most cases, in a combination of several techniques. Work with such objects of art requires knowledge of  various approaches and methods of  restoration of  organic materials and their structural features. Since applied art exhibits are often decorated with painting, experience in painting is also required. This article examines the restoration of such an object — a Kazakh saddle from the last quarter of the 18th century listed as “Kyrgyz saddle” in the inventory of the Hermitage.
A Escola da Reconquista
Authors: Machado de Andrade Souza Jurema
Published: December 2024

Palabras clave: lucha, educación, pueblos indígenas, sur de Bahía.

Keywords: struggle, education, indigenous peoples, southern Bahia.
Ecuador: extractivismo, violencia y precariedad
Authors: Samaniego Álex , Torres Sofía
Published: December 2024

Resumen: Al ser un país exportador de materia prima, Ecuador ha sido objeto de violencia extractivista durante gran parte de su existencia, incluida su etapa contemporánea, debido a una dinámica global de neocolonialismo en que las economías extractivistas se apropian de los recursos de los países primario-exportadores. En el caso ecuatoriano esto empata con la agudización de una crisis de violencia provocada por el narcotráfico. El Gobierno ecuatoriano declaró un estado de guerra contra el crimen organizado y se ha propuesto financiarlo con medidas que precarizan a la clase trabajadora y potencian el extractivismo. Este artículo explora las dinámicas de la violencia extractivista que operan en Ecuador impulsadas por una retórica de guerra que compromete las resistencias históricas de organizaciones sociales, única oposición actual al Gobierno de Daniel Noboa.

Palabras clave: extractivismo, violencia, Ecuador, Noboa.

Abstract: Ecuador, being a raw material exporting country, has been the object of extractive violence for much of its existence, including its contemporary stage. This is due to a global dynamic of neocolonialism where the economies of extractive industries appropriate the resources of the primary exporter countries. In the Ecuadorian case, this coincides with the worsening of a crisis of violence caused by drug trafficking. The Ecuadorian government declared a state of war against organized crime and has proposed financing it with measures that make the working class precarious and promote extractivism. This article explores the dynamics of extractivist violence that operate in Ecuador, driven by a rhetoric of war that compromises the historical resistance of social organizations that currently make up the only opposition to the government of Daniel Noboa.

Keywords: extractivism, violence, Ecuador, Noboa.
La resistencia de Fedepesan ante la degradación ambiental y la violencia armada en el Magdalena Medio
Authors: Delgado Gaona Juan Camilo
Published: December 2024

Resumen: Este artículo esboza la lucha y resistencia de la Federación de Pescadores Artesanales, Ambientalistas y Turísticos del Departamento de Santander (Fedepesan) por la defensa de los ecosistemas acuáticos, la pesca artesanal y el territorio en la región del Magdalena Medio. Desde Barrancabermeja, Fedepesan emplea distintos mecanismos de resistencia comunitaria en que confluyen acciones colectivas de protesta como bloqueos y marchas, acciones de incidencia ante instituciones del Estado colombiano, y acciones técnicas y jurídicas para la protección de derechos colectivos. Su labor se desarrolla en un contexto en que las dinámicas del conflicto armado interno están estrechamente relacionadas con las conflictividades socioambientales, lo que se traduce en graves violaciones a los derechos humanos de integrantes de la organización.

Palabras clave: Fedepesan, ecosistemas acuáticos, pesca artesanal, conflicto armado, degradación ambiental.

Abstract: This article describes the struggle and resistance of the Federación de Pescadores Artesanales Ambientalistas y Turísticos del Departamento de Santander (Fedepesan) for the defense of aquatic ecosystems, artisanal fishing and territory in the Magdalena Medio. From Barrancabermeja, Fedepesan employs different community resistance mechanisms that combine collective protest actions such as blockades and marches, advocacy actions before Colombian government institutions, and technical and legal actions for the protection of collective rights. Its work is carried out in a context where the dynamics of the internal armed conflict are closely related to socio-environmental conflicts, resulting in serious violations of the human rights of members of the organization.

Keywords: Fedepesan, aquatic ecosystems, artisanal fishing, armed conflict, environmental degradation.
The generic drug quandary in the Mauritian context: To use or not to use?
Authors: Seeneevassen Ajaghen , Putteeraj Manish , Somanah Jhoti
Published: December 2024

Background: The procurement of medicines places a heavy burden on the healthcare budget. The emergence of generic medicines as a low-cost alternative to the more expensive branded drugs has been of considerable help to developing countries such as Mauritius. However, the negative perception of the quality and efficacy of generic medicines has always been a controversial topic.

Objective: This study focused on understanding patients’ perceptions towards the generic drugs available in the public healthcare sector.

Methods: A questionnaire assessing various aspects such as knowledge about generics, beliefs about safety and efficacy of generic drugs, and lack of communication and education about generic medicines was administered to 395 respondents.

Results: A vast majority of the participants (74%) were unaware that the drugs available in public hospitals are generics. Although the respondents believed (76%) that generics were cheaper than branded drugs, they were unaware of the similarity in the composition of generics and branded drugs (55%). Statistically significant relationships were found between demographic factors such as gender, education, and knowledge of generic drugs. Respondents also noted a difference between medicines purchased from private pharmacies and those purchased from public pharmacies. The need to sensitize patient awareness of generic drugs was also identified.

Conclusion: This study was successful in analyzing the factors influencing the knowledge about generic drugs, analyzing the beliefs about safety and efficacy, the perception towards generic medicines in the public and private sectors. Strategies need to be developed to inform healthcare professionals and patients about generic drugs and their potential benefits. However, strict guidelines should be introduced to control the quality, efficacy, and safety of generic drugs before use to increase patient confidence.
Prevalence of Parasitic Infections among Cleaners Working at Public and Private Health Facilities in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen
Authors: Al-Kholani Mohammed A. , Al-Maktari Mohammed T. , Al-Adhroey Abduleah
Published: December 2024

Background: Parasitic infections are one of the major health problems in several developing countries including Yemen.
Aim: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of parasitic infections among cleaners working at public and private health facilities in Dhamar governorate, Republic of Yemen. 
Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in Dhamar governorate from September 2017 to august 2018. Samples of 210 cleaning workers were examined using both direct saline method with iodine stain and spontaneous sedimentation technique in tube (SSTT) for stool specimen: Centrifuged urine method for eggs or trophozoities of urine specimen: Blood film for blood specimen. Data were collected by structured questionnaire about parasitic infections.
Results: The overall prevalence of parasitic infections was 79 %. Where, prevalence rate of single, double and multiple infections was 40.48%, 34.76% and 3.81%, respectively. According to the prevalence of each parasite species separately, the prevalence rate of Entamoeba histolytica /dispar and, Giardia lamblia was the highest (57.14 %; 41.90 %, respectively). The prevalence of others parasitic infections was found to be 8.10 % for Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis (7.14 %), Schistosoma mansoni (2.86 %), Hymenolepis nana (1.90 %), Schistosoma haematobium (1.43 %), Hookworms (0.95 %), and Trichomonas vaginalis (0.48%). However, no parasite in blood samples was detected. The prevalence of parasitic infections was higher significantly among male than female (82.75% vs. 66.7%, P=0.025); and significantly increased with the rise of working duration (per year) from one year, two years and 3-6 years to ≥7 years (70.8 %, 70.8 % and 82.1 % to 93.1 % respectively, P=0.008).
Conclusion: Prevalence of parasitic infection among cleaning workers in Dhamar is high. Gender and working duration significantly influence the prevalence. The study discovers on a big health problem can be reduced by improving of public measures of prevention and control infection in health facilities and by increasing of personal hygiene and health education among cleaning workers category particularly.
Uzaktan Eğitim Hakkında Dijital Paylaşımlar: Ekşi Sözlük Örneği Üzerinden Türkiye'deki Tartışmaların Analizi
Authors: Kılınç Elif Pınar , Gökalp Burak
Published: December 2024

Türkiye’nin önde gelen çevrimiçi forumlarından Ekşi Sözlük’te, “Uzaktan Eğitim” ile ilgili duyguları ve tematik kaygıları araştırmayı konu edinen bu çalışma, uzaktan eğitimin, özellikle Covid-19 pandemisinde zorunlu yaygın kullanımının fırsat mı sorun mu olarak algılandığı sorusu merkezinde, Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitime dair algının nasıl olduğuna cevap bulmaya çalışmaktadır. Nitel analiz yöntemlerinden duygu analizi ve tematik içerik analizini kullanan araştırma, uzaktan eğitim tartışmalarında hâkim olan duyguları ortaya çıkarmayı ve temalar önermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Bu çalışma için veriler, “Uzaktan Eğitim” başlığı altındaki bütün girdileri kapsamaktadır. Girdiler, Python algoritması kullanılarak Ekşi Sözlük’ten toplanmış ve 412 girdiden oluşan veri kümesi elde edilmiştir. Elde edilen girdilerin tarih aralığının ise 2003’ten 2023’e kadar olan yirmi yıllık bir zaman dilimi olduğu görülmüştür. Dolayısıyla veri seti, söz konusu başlık altındaki girdilerin tamamını kapsar niteliktedir. Girdiler, Atlas. ti nitel analiz yazılımı kullanılarak analiz edilmiş ve uzaktan eğitime yönelik kullanıcı duygularının ve tematik yönelimlerin ayrıntılı şekilde araştırılmasına olanak sağlamıştır. Bulgular, verimsizlik, düşük öğretmen kalitesi, teknolojik zorluklar ve eşitsizlik gibi konulara yöneltilen önemli eleştirilerle birlikte, uzaktan eğitime yönelik olumsuz duyguların baskın olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Olumlu duygular ise uzaktan eğitimin potansiyel faydalarını vurgulayarak karmaşık ve nüanslı bir kamu algısına işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışma, Ekşi Sözlük kullanıcıları tarafından algılanan zorluklara ve fırsatlara ilişkin iç görüler sunarak Türkiye’de uzaktan eğitime yönelik kamuoyu tutumlarının anlaşılmasına katkıda bulunmaktadır.
Assessing Water and Sediment Pollution in the Sea of Marmara Estuaries and Its Impact on Invertebrate Fauna
Authors: Akdemir Tolga
Published: December 2024

This study aims to identify aquatic invertebrates living in the estuaries of the Marmara Sea and to correlate species with environmental parameters. For this purpose, sampling was carried out in 2022 from 8 stations selected from the coasts. A surber sampler, prepared with a 20x20 cm square made of fine iron with a mesh size of 250 microns, was used to collect invertebrate groups. An Ekman grab, with dimensions of 20x20 cm, was used as the sampling tool for sediments. Sterile polypropylene amber bottles of 1 liter each were used for water samples. As a result of species identification, 33 benthic invertebrate species belonging to 7 phyla were identified. It was determined that Idotea balthica, Nereis zonata and Hyale crassipes species were the species with the highest number of individuals. As a result of water and sediment analyses, it was determined that the stations were exposed to minimal pollution during the sampling period. It has been determined that some Polychaeta species are associated with Fe, Zn, Mn, and Cr, and Mytilus galloprovincialis is more tolerant to all parameters.
Geografia da saúde integral dos adolescentes e jovens em cumprimento de medida socioeducativa no Brasil
Authors: Rodrigues Vanderson Viana
Published: December 2024

O artigo analisa a implementação da Política Nacional de Atenção Integral à Saúde de Adolescentes em Conflito com a Lei - PNAISARI em diferentes regiões do Brasil. Utilizando uma abordagem bibliográfica, baseia-se em conceitos geográficos e em dados secundários para examinar a geografia da saúde integral de adolescentes e jovens em medida socioeducativa. Dos 20 Estados estudados, 72% afirmam ter implementado a política de forma alinhada com as diretrizes nacionais, enquanto 28% ainda não o fizeram, necessitando de atenção prioritária. A falta de uniformidade na implementação da política, resulta em disparidades no acesso aos cuidados de saúde, afetando o cumprimento eficaz das medidas socioeducativas. Destaca-se a importância de estabelecer mecanismos que assegurem a implementação das políticas, na prática, visando superar desafios e garantir uma abordagem uniforme em todo o país, para evitar lacunas no tratamento e prevenção de problemas de saúde entre os socioeducandos.
Redes sociales digitales en el sector público: Análisis comparado de la adopción de Facebook en dos alcaldías de la Ciudad de México
Authors: Ramos Alderete José Luis
Published: December 2024

En el sector público se ha generalizado el uso de redes sociales digitales (RSD). El Gobierno Abierto las visualiza como un medio con gran potencial para llevar a la práctica sus planteamientos. Diferentes investigaciones muestran que los gobiernos locales tienden a utilizar las RSD de forma limitada en relación a su potencial para generar conversación con los ciudadanos, tomar en cuenta lo que expresan y atender sus demandas. El objetivo de esta investigación es hacer un análisis comparado de la adopción de Facebook en dos alcaldías de la Ciudad de México a fin de ofrecer mediciones concretas sobre tres dimensiones de su interacción con los ciudadanos: 1) relación/interacción 2) comunicación y 3) gestión/atención. Los datos analizados permiten advertir que el uso de RSD se encuentra en un nivel comunicacional con lentos avances hacia niveles más interactivos que propicien participación ciudadana y una mejor gestión de servicios.
Gobernanza local multinivel y participativa de las políticas de promoción y protección de derechos de niñeces y adolescencias en el Gran Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Foglia Carolina
Published: December 2024

Los gobiernos municipales en Argentina desarrollan desde fines del siglo pasado una agenda compleja y diversa, dentro de la cual se instaló la problemática de la niñez y la adolescencia. Esta inscripción se vincula con un proceso de cambio normativo en este campo que derivó en profundas transformaciones en la estructura de procesamiento de la política.
En este artículo analizamos la gestión local de las políticas de niñez y adolescencia en municipios del Gran Buenos Aires, entre 2019-2020, a la luz del cambio promovido por las nuevas legislaciones. La metodología se basa en la estrategia de casos múltiples, tomando como casos cada uno de los 24 municipios de esa región. En este marco, se efectuaron entrevistas a funcionarios/as municipales y se analizaron fuentes documentales diversas.
El abordaje evidencia la emergencia de un nuevo patrón de gestión local en el campo analizado, organizado en base a los principios de la gobernanza multinivel y participativa.