bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin versus Misoprostol used as an induction of labour in term in early rupture of Amniotic membranes
Authors: Bhatu Jaydeep J. , Chaudhari Ankita B. , Chauhan Nilesh R.
Published: February 2020

Background: Pre labor Rupture of membranes is a common obstetrical problem, significant event as it transforms an ordinary pregnancy into a high risk one. Majority of cases of PROM - of about 60% occur after 37 completed weeks Induction of labour is artificial. Misoprostol is receiving attention as a cervical modifier and labour induction agent. This study compares the safety and efficacy of Misoprostol with Oxytocin in labour induction in term pre labour rupture of membranes. Objective of this study was to compare the safety and efficacy of Misoprostol with that of Oxytocin in labour induction in PROM. The effects were compared between primipara and multipara in a selected sample.Methods: General condition is assessed by pulse rate, blood pressure, height, weight with particular attention to pedal odema, anemia. Cardiovascular and respiratory systems were examined, rule out cephalo pelvic disproportion and for Bishop’s scoring. USG for foetal maturity, Liquor status and for foetal well-being. Admission CTG.Results: There is no significant difference was observed between two groups either in vaginal delivery or in incidence of LSCS. Mean induction delivery interval in misoprostol group for nullipara is 8.5 hours. For multipara it is 6.6 hours. And in oxytocin group for nullipara is 10:4 hours. In multipara it is 6.5 for primipara it was significantly reduced in misoprostol group compared to syntocinon group.Conclusions: Misoprostol is an effective, cheap, safe, stable at room temperature and easy to use if it is used in appropriate dosage for induction of labour in pre-labour rupture of membranes at term.
An analytical cross sectional study on hypothyroidism in pregnancy, its maternal and fetal outcome
Authors: S. Vinodhini , S. Vilvapriya , K. Veeraragavan
Published: February 2020

Background: Hypothyroidism is associated with maternal and fetal complications. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, maternal and fetal outcome in hypothyroidism. Objective of this study was to determine whether thyroid function test can be recommended as a universal or selective screening in pregnancy.Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study with internal comparison carried out at Govt. Kilpauk Medical College & Hospital from September 2017 to July 2018 for antenatal mothers in third trimester. Serum TSH and freeT3, T4 in case of abnormal TSH were measured, grouped into subclinical and overt hypothyroidism and were treated with Levothyroxine. Six-week follow-up with TSH, pregnancy complications were observed.Results: 932 pregnant mothers were followed up. Prevalence of hypothyroidism was 10.5% (n = 98). Among the hypothyroid 62.24% (n = 61) had subclinical and 37.76% (n = 37) had overt hypothyroidism. The prevalence of anaemia was 35% in overt and 15% in subclinical hypothyroid group (p = 0.019). Preeclampsia is reported in 49% of overt and 16% of subclinical hypothyroid group (p = <0.001), statistically significant. Eclampsia was noted in 1 (1.64%) overt hypothyroid patient. Abruptio placenta was observed in 1 subclinical and 4 overt hypothyroid patients (5.1%). The incidence of preterm labour in this study subjects was 38% in overt and 20% in subclinical hypothyroid group (p = 0.048). The incidence of LBW fetus was 41% in overt hypothyroid and 21% in subclinical hypothyroid group (p = 0.041). The incidence of complication in this study was 41% in subclinical and 78% in overt hypothyroid group (p = <0.001).Conclusions: Early screening, adequate treatment and follow up will bring down maternal and fetal complications in hypothyroidism.
Effect of autologous platelet rich plasma on thin endometrium in frozen thawed embryo transfer
Authors: Anitha Adaboina , Rani Burri Sandhya
Published: February 2020

Background: Endometrium is one of the main factors in implantation and pregnancy. Some of the assisted reproductive technology treatment (ART) cycles get cancelled due to inadequate endometrial growth. This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of PRP (platelet rich plasma) in the treatment of thin endometrium and its outcome on pregnancy and live birth rates.Methods: This study was a prospective cohort which was conducted from January 2018 to December 2018 at Laxmi Narasimha Hospital, Warangal, Telangana State. 30 patients with history of inadequate endometrial growth in frozen thawed embryo transfer cycles were recruited into the study. Intrauterine infusion of PRP was performed. Endometrial thickness was assessed.Results: 30 women were recruited in the study data of the 24 women were collected. Live birth was seen in 5 patients in the week range of 37±to 37±5 and average EMT in mm was 7.8, abortion was seen in 3 patients in the week range of 6 to 8±2 and average EMT in mm was 7.4 , chemical pregnancy was seen in 2 patients in the week range of 6 and average EMT in mm was 7.2 and number of women who were not pregnant were 14 and average EMT in mm was 7.0. Live birth was observed in 21% of the patients, abortion was observed in 13%, chemical pregnancy was seen in 9% and women who were not pregnant were 58%.Conclusions: Ability of autologous PRP to restore the endometrial receptivity of damaged endometrium has some aspects other than increasing the EMT.
Screening for non-communicable diseases
Authors: Christe D. M. , Vijaya S. , Tharangini K.
Published: February 2020

Background: This study was conducted to enumerate the results of screening for non-communicable diseases in the NCD clinic over a period of one year in a tertiary health centre.Methods: The results from screening tests conducted in the NCD clinic, for detecting hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and cervical cancer, in Government tertiary care Hospital for Women, Chennai, were recorded. The flowchart and screening methods followed were those recommended by the NHM - NPCDCS. Data thus obtained was analyzed using standard statistical methods.Results: Of 42,519 women screened for common non communicable diseases - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and cervical cancer, nearly 5.55% women (n = 2359) had positive results, for any one of the diseases screened. Of 11,708 women screened for diabetes mellitus and 13,971 screened for hypertension, positive results were found in 856 women and 1,216 women respectively. Around 7,568 women were screened for cervical cancer and 175 women tested positive. A large number of 9,272 women were screened for breast cancer and 112 women had positive results. As per the guidelines, women who tested positive for screening tests were referred to the concerned departments in RGGGH.Conclusions: Nearly 42,519 women were screened for common non-communicable diseases (NCDs) - hypertension, diabetes mellitus, breast cancer and cervical cancer, and 5.55% women had positive test results for any one of the diseases screened. The screening revealed, 8.7% of women had raised blood pressure, 7.31% had raised blood sugar levels, 1.21% women had positive screening test results for breast cancer, and 2.31% women for cervical cancer.
Comparison of empirical use of low dose aspirin and enoxaprin in the treatment of unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss
Authors: Juneja Sunil Kumar , Tandon Pooja , Kaur Gagandeep , Kapoor Bakul , Sidhu Guneet Singh
Published: February 2020

Background: Recurrent pregnancy losses have commonly been defined as three or more consecutive spontaneous pregnancy losses. About 1-2% of women suffer from recurrent miscarriages. The cause is multifactorial such as uterine anomalies, endocrine disorders, immunological causes, infections, chromosomal anomalies and maternal autoimmune diseases. In 50-60% of cases recurrent pregnancy losses, the cause remains unclear. Objective of this study was to compare the maternal and fetal outcome in patients with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss treated with LMWH (Enoxaparin) vs Aspirin during pregnancy.Methods: Women with 3 or more pregnancy losses, aged between 18-40 years, booked for antenatal care and delivery in our hospital between January 2012 and December 2016 were followed till 6 months after delivery.Results: A total number of 146 women were assessed for eligibility. We had 62 women in Group A (aspirin group) and 84 women in Group E (enoxaparin group). Enoxaparin was given to all those ladies who had taken aspirin in previous pregnancies with no live outcome. Good neonatal outcome was observed with Enoxaparin.Conclusions: Live birth rates did not show significant difference between the two study groups. But empirical use of enoxaparin in patients with no live birth who have taken low dose aspirin in previous pregnancy had shown improved results, so enoxaparin should be used empirically as a first line agent in such cases.
Compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of oral estradiol and vaginal estriol for urogenital problems in post-menopausal women
Authors: Kumari Shipra , Singh Monika
Published: February 2020

Background: Menopause is recognised to have occurred after 12 months of amenorrhoea for which there are no obvious pathological and physiological causes, it is retrospective diagnosis. Objective of this study was to compare the efficacy, safety and compliance of oral estradiol and vaginal estriol for urogenital problems in post-menopausal         women.Methods: A total of 100 postmenopausal women having urogenital symptoms were selected for the prospective study. The selected patients were randomly allocated in 2 groups. Group A received 2 mg of estradiol OD for 4 weeks and then evaluated after 4 weeks. Group B received 0.5 mg of vaginal estriol cream continuously for 4 weeks at night and then evaluated after 4 weeks. Patients were followed after 1,3 and 6 months. Inclusion criteria were postmenopausal women, vaginal symptoms, urogenital symptoms. exclusion criteria were all patients having estrogen dependent neoplasia and comorbidities.Results: For urinary complaints, symptomatic relief was assessed by AUA Score in which after 6 months; in Group A the difference in mean from baseline was 19.64±1.63 and in Group B it was 21±2.52 and was statistically insignificant from each other. For genital complaints, symptomatic relief was graded as 1, 2, 3, 4 in which grade 4 means complete relief. After 6 months of therapy 88.2% got complete relief in Group A and   91.1% in Group B. In vaginal cytological smears; in both groups, parabasal cells were reduced and superficial cells were increased after 6 months of therapy and both groups were statistically insignificant from each other. After 6 months of therapy, increase in mean value of KPI from the baseline is 24.54±10.1 in Group A and 28.6±10.11 in Group B and both groups were statistically insignificant. Endometrial thickness remained unchanged in both the groups after 6 months of therapy.Conclusions: Both drugs were equally effective in alleviating the urogenital symptoms with no significant side effects.
A comparative study to evaluate endometrial aspiration using Karman’s cannula versus dilatation and curettage in cases of abnormal uterine bleeding
Authors: Tomar Neetu Sangwan , Sandhu Seerat , Mahipal Supriya , Chaudhary Abhimanyu
Published: February 2020

Background: Abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) is defined as any variation from the normal menstrual cycle such as changes in regularity, frequency, duration of flow or amount of flow. Objective of this study was to compare the adequacy and diagnostic accuracy of endometrial aspiration using Karman’s cannula versus dilatation and curettage in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 250 women with AUB in age group of more than 40 years. In all patients, endometrial aspiration was done with manual vacuum aspiration (MVA) syringe attached to 4 mm Karman's cannula without anesthesia. The sample was collected in a bottle containing formalin and was labelled as sample A. After that, intracervical local anesthesia (1% Xylocaine) was given and cervix was dilated and scrapping of endometrial lining with sharp curette was done. The sample was also collected in a bottle containing formalin and was labelled as sample B. Both the samples A and B were sent for histopathology. The histopathology report of aspiration was compared with that of dilatation and curettage sample.Results: Endometrial aspiration biopsy had sensitivity of 92.3%, specificity of 100%, positive predictive value of 100% and negative predictive value of 99.56% for diagnosis of endometrial pathology while considering D and C gold standard. The sample adequacy of endometrial aspiration was 98.8% as compared to dilatation and curettage (98%).Conclusions: Present study showed that endometrial aspiration biopsy is an alternate to traditional dilatation and curettage in diagnosing endometrial pathologies in women with abnormal uterine bleeding.
Transvaginal ultrasound compared with serum β-hCG level for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy in symptomatic patients
Authors: Jeddi Somayeh Zeynizadeh , Mobaraki Noushin , Pirzadeh Akbar
Published: February 2020

Background: Ultrasonography (US) is the most important imaging modality in detecting both intrauterine and ectopic pregnancies. The aim of this study was to comparison transvaginal ultrasound with serum β-hCG level for diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy (Ep) in referred women to Ardabil city hospital.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 207 women with diagnosis of Ep were enrolled during 2018. All women underwent transvaginal US in the first 24 hours and US done by an expert radiologist. Serum levels of β-hCG at first 24 hours and the time gap between US examination and last menstrual period (LMP) were compared between women with positive and negative US findings. Data collected by a checklist and analyzed by statistical method in SPSS version 21.Results: The primary US were positive in 174 women (84.1%) and negative in 33 women (15.9%). The mean of time gap between US and LMP in women with diagnosed EP was significantly higher than other women (median, 42 days versus 45 days, p=0.042). Also, the mean of serum level of β-hCG had significant difference between two groups. In logistic regression analysis results showed that the time gap between US and LMP hadn’t significant impact on EP diagnosis. The best discriminative zone was set at a serum β-hCG level of 105.65 mIU/ml with a sensitivity and specificity of 82% and 27%, respectively and the under-ROC area was 58%.Conclusions: According to our findings, the median serum level of β-hCG in women with undiagnosed Ep were significantly lower than women with correct diagnosis of Ep but the mean and median of time gap between US and LMP in women with diagnosed EP was more than women without Ep. Also, the proposed discriminative zone for serum level of β-hCG in our study is different from the previous studies.
Labour analgesia and obstetric outcome in heart disease complicating pregnancy in tertiary care center
Authors: Sengodan Subha Sivagami , Sharona Dhivya
Published: February 2020

Background: One of the most severe pain experienced by a woman is during child birth. It is imperative to understand the pain transmission for providing labour analgesia. Hemodynamic status in labour fluctuates greatly during uterine contraction and true labour pains. Therefore, pregnant women with cardiovascular disease need epidural anaesthesia during labour depending upon the type of cardiovascular disease. Objective of this study was to assess the impact of labour analgesia and the obstetric outcome and cardiac events during labour.Methods: This is an observational study conducted in 46 pregnant women with cardiovascular disease during the period of January 2019 to December 2019 (12 months).Results: A total of 46 antenatal mother with cardiovascular disease was admitted in the department of obstetrics and gynecology over a period of one year out of which 25 patients who had epidural analgesia during labour and 21 patients who had no epidural analgesia during labour. Cardiovascular events significantly reduced in epidural group (25 patients) and there was no increase in cesarean section in epidural group.Conclusions: The data showed there was significant decrease in cardiovascular events related to arrhythmia hence decreased maternal morbidity and mortality. There was no associated increase in cesarean section rate but slight increase in instrumental vaginal delivery.
Innovative use of tourniquet in the management of an advanced abdominal pregnancy to achieve an unusually normal postoperative outcome: a case report
Authors: Inyang Etoh Emmanuel C. , Ettete Iniobong E. , Adeneye Christian A. , Inwang Imaobong O. , Umoh Augustine V.
Published: February 2020

Mrs. UVG was an un-booked G3P1+1 petty trader, who presented with an obstetric ultrasound scan report, with an incidental diagnosis of abdominal pregnancy at 32 weeks of gestation with the placenta attached to the fundus of the uterus. Her admission packed cell volume was 24%. She had pre-operative preparation and 2 units of compatible blood were transfused to correct the anemia. Four additional units of compatible blood were made available before she was scheduled for an exploratory laparotomy at 33 weeks of gestation. A grossly normal male infant weighing 2.2 kg was delivered from the peritoneal cavity with Apgar scores of 2 at 1 minute and the same at 5 minutes. The placenta which was attached to the fundus of the uterus was removed manually completely after a tourniquet had been applied distal to the point of separation. Intra-operative blood loss was 1000 ml. The infant died 1 hour after delivery due to respiratory failure. Autopsy report revealed massive intracerebral hemorrhage and pulmonary hypoplasia. The post-operative period was uneventful and the decline in serum assay of β-human chorionic gonadotrophin postpartum was normal. She was discharged home on the 8th post-operative day and seen at the postnatal clinic twice at weekly intervals with normal serum assay of β-human chorionic gonadotrophin. Her 6 weeks postnatal visit was also uneventful.
A freaky motorbike accident causing vulvar hematoma: a case report at the Bafoussam Regional Hospital, West-Cameroon
Authors: Fouogue Jovanny Tsuala , Fetse Gerard Tama , Kenfack Bruno , Fouedjio Jeanne Hortence , Foueifack Florent Ymele , Kemfang Jean Dupont Ngowa
Published: February 2020

Non-obstetric vulvar hematomas are rare and have never been reported in West Cameroon. No guidelines are available to inform the management of cases. Authors herein report the successful management of a post-traumatic vulvar hematoma in a 17 years old gravida 1 para 1001 patient. She was referred to our emergency department ten hours after a fall in a squatting position during a road traffic accident. Prior to the referral she had been managed conservatively by analgesics and a compressive dressing of the vulva in a community clinic. Clinical assessment on admission revealed a good general condition, normal vital signs and a tense and painful hematoma of the right labia. Surgery was done under general anesthesia to drain the hematoma, ligate the bleeding vessels and repair the vulva. Post-operative course was uneventful and the patient was discharge six days later. This case reminds practitioners in remote health facilities that early referral of this rare pathology contributes to its successful surgical management in our semi-urban region.
Five year retrospective study of mortality in systemic inflammatory rheumatologic disorders
Authors: Kale Krutika R. , Kumbhar Tukaram V. , Kini Seema H.
Published: February 2020

Background: Inflammatory systemic rheumatologic disorders are responsible for significant morbidity and premature deaths. The present study was done to assess causes of mortality in these patients.Methods: In the retrospective study, the death records of patients with inflammatory rheumatologic illnesses from January 2012 to January 2017 were studied. The demographic details, disease activity, organ involvement, treatment received and evidence of infection were noted.Results: 50 records were analyzed (25 systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 13 rheumatoid arthritis (RA), four immune myositis, three systemic sclerosis (SS), two takayasu’s arteritis (TA), two ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and one granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA)). The me an age of death was 39.94 years. Sixteen patients had disease related organ damage, 17 had active disease. Infection was present in 31 patients (gram negative organisms most commonly isolated), being the major contributor of mortality. Only two patients succumbed to acute coronary syndrome.Conclusions: Infection, disease activity and organ damage due to the disease are the major contributors to of death in hospitalized patients with inflammatory rheumatological disorders.
Levels of serum lithium in manic depressive patients with mild persistent bronchial asthma
Authors: Chatterjee Subhramay , Chakraborti Sandip
Published: February 2020

Background: Lithium, widely used in manic depressive (MD) patients, might protect the airways against constrictor stimuli in bronchial asthma (BA), through its effects on cell signal transduction and ion transport pathways.Methods: Serum lithium levels were studied in MD patients with better controlled mild persistent BA (group A) and MD patients with not so well controlled BA (group B).Results: Serum lithium levels were highly significantly more in group A compared to lithium levels in group B.Conclusions: Lithium may inhibit the contractile response of airway smooth muscle and can be used in treatment / monitoring of BA.
Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetics
Authors: Prakash Vivek , Marker Sebastian , Rao Kaavya , Nawal C. L. , Chejara R. S.
Published: February 2020

Background: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus has emerged as a common endocrine disorder in india. Thyroid dysfunction may complicate glycaemic control of diabetic patients. For better management of diabetes, it is necessary to detect and treat thyroid dysfunction in these patients.Methods: This was an observational study conducted at SMS Hospital Jaipur, Rajasthan, India, between March 2016 to November 2017. Total 100 patients were included out of which 50 were Diabetic patients and 50 were age and sex matched nondiabetic controls reported in outpatient department of SMS Hospital, Jaipur. Patients of type 1 Diabetes, previously known case of thyroid disorder, patients having endocrine disorder or autoimmune disorder other than Diabetes, critically ill patients and pregnant females were excluded from study. Serum Fasting Blood Sugar, Free T3, Free T4, TSH were measured in all study subjects and results were analysed statistically to find out if there is any difference in prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in Diabetic patients and non-diabetic controls.Results: Thyroid dysfunction was present in 16 (32%) of 50 type 2 diabetics and 3 (6%) of 50 nondiabetic controls.  The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction in type 2 diabetic females and males was 43.3% and 15% respectively. Mean fasting blood sugar was higher in diabetic patients having thyroid dysfunction (209.12 mg/dl) as compared to euthyroid diabetic subjects (173.58 mg/dl). Twelve (75%), out of 16 study subjects with thyroid dysfunction have secondary hypothyroidism. Three (18.75%) of them have mild (sub-clinical) hypothyroidism. One person (6.25%) has subclinical hyperthyroidism.Conclusions: Prevalence of thyroid dysfunction is higher in type 2 diabetic patients as compared to nondiabetic. Better glycaemic control is observed in euthyroid diabetic patients as compared to diabetic patients having thyroid dysfunction.
A rare case of a giant epidermal cyst over the back
Authors: Bansal Neeraj , Vergadia Ankita , Mashke A. N. , Datey Aashirwad
Published: February 2020

Epidermoid cysts are commonly called as sebaceous cysts that mostly occur in the subcutaneous plain. Giant epidermoid cysts are rare and generally greater than 5 cm in size. Few cases of malignant transformation of the sebaceous cysts have also been reported in literature.
Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus treated with metformin: a cross section observational study from a tertiary care centre in Sub-Himalayan region of North India
Authors: Nand Laxmi , Mahto Sunita , Garg Dalip K. , Kumar Bhupender
Published: February 2020

Background: Metformin is first line of treatment in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It has been reported to be associated with vitamin B12 deficiency with variable results in various studies. The aim of our study is to correlate metformin use and vitamin B12 levels in patients of T2DM with high prevalence in Sub-Himalyan region of north India.Methods: The study was conducted from August 2017 to July 2018 enrolling 124 patients, aged 18 years and above with T2DM taking metformin treatment for >4 months. Vitamin B12 levels were estimated and the levels <200, 200-300 and >300 pg/ml were defined as having definite deficiency, borderline deficiency and normal levels respectively.Results: A total of 124 patients included 66 (53.2%) male and 58 (46.8%) female patients with T2DM on metformin treatment. The mean vitamin B12 level was found significantly low, 176.23±60.96 pg/ml and 18 (14.5%) patients were found to have significant vitamin B12 deficiency and 8(6.5%) patients, borderline deficiency in longer duration of metformin use for >10 years (p<0.001). Vitamin B12 deficiency was found significantly more in 14 (11.3%) patients taking lower doses ≤1000 mg/day of metformin compared to higher doses, a negative correlation. Peripheral neuropathy was significantly present in 15.3% of patients in metformin induced vitamin B12deficiency.Conclusions: Vitamin B12 deficiency was found to be significantly correlated to longer duration of metformin treatment and neuropathy in T2DM but negatively correlated to higher doses of metformin. Therefore, we recommend the assessment and supplementation of vitamin B12 in metformin use in T2DM, compromising financial burden but not the outcome of its deficiency.
The influence of family history of cardiovascular disease on blood pressure, waist hip ratio and body mass index in adolescents
Authors: Bansal Utkarsh , Raja Aakash , Agarwal Prashant , Rathoria Ekansh , Gupta Abhishek , Gupta Nyay Bhai , Agarwal Shwinka
Published: February 2020

Background: Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of mortality in the world. Reducing the incidence of CVDs has been a challenge due to the multifactorial risk profile of their origin. Among the non-modifiable risk factor for CVDs family history holds a lot of importance. Objective of the study was to study blood pressure, waist hip ratio and body mass index among adolescents and verify the possible the relation with a family history of cardiovascular disease.Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, which was conducted in 286 school children aged 10 to 19 years, of either sex, from Barabanki. After getting consent from school authorities, children and their parents, a detailed history was taken with a pre-designed proforma. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurements were taken.Results: In the presence of any risk factor of CVDs, 33.9% of the adolescents were overweight/obese, 45.8% had abdominal obesity, 26.3% had elevated systolic BP and 35.6% had elevated diastolic BP. The group with family history of CVDs had significantly higher number of adolescents with obesity and/or hypertension.Conclusions: The present studied showed an important association between family history of CVDs and blood pressure, waist hip ratio and body mass index in adolescents.
Profile of unnatural deaths in a teaching hospital of West Bengal, India
Authors: Mitra Satabdi , Panja Saumabrata
Published: February 2020

Background: Enquiry into unnatural deaths with all its manners being, suicidal, accidental or homicidal depends on circumstantial evidences for acceptable judgment in court of law. Objectives were to study socio-demographic characteristics of the study and to find out influencing factors, if any, behind these sudden, suspicious, undesirable deaths.Methods: A record-based, descriptive study with cross-sectional design was conducted for first six months of 2017 in NRS medical college hospital among 1603 unnatural deaths undergone police inquest. Besides the records obtained from medical record section, findings were corroborated from mortuary. Data were analyzed in SPSS 22.0 and Epi Info 7.0.Results: Mean age of the deceased was 37.18±17.42 years. Regarding cause of injury, more than 1/3rd (36.6%) was attributed to poisoning, followed by burn injury (24.8%), road traffic accidents (22.8%), fall from height (6.9%) and others the rest. Majority (68.3%) died within twenty hours of reaching the health care facility. More than half of the deceased committed suicide followed by accident and suicide the least. Binary logistic regression revealed, unnatural deaths inflicted by selves or others, i.e. suicide or homicide respectively, had statistically significant (p<0.05) association to productive age, urban residence, burn and RTA, longer survival and conservative nature of management.Conclusions: As suicide was found to comprise lion share of unnatural deaths, development and implementation of addressing the issue at all the levels, starting from individual to community is the need of the hour.
Physical fitness and physical activity level in school going adolescent children
Authors: Nagrale Sanket , Jiandani Mariya , Mehta Amita
Published: February 2020

Background: Adolescence is transitional phase between childhood and adulthood characterized by marked acceleration in growth. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences between the boys and girls in physical fitness and the variation in their physical activity at school going children at Pune.Methods: The study was carried out at various schools in Pune city. Government, government aided (semi government), and private schools were selected according to different zones of the city using random sampling method. A self-administered youth physical activity questionnaire (Y PAQ) has been given for testing their level of physical activity. Physical fitness test such as curl-up test, 90° push-up test, trunk lift, back saver sits, and reach test were performed for analysing the physical fitness of the students.Results: A total of 296 students, 142 boys (aged 13.47±0.04 years) and 154 girls (aged 13.40±0.03 years) were included in the study. The average/mean comparison demography between boys and girls for curl-up test showed 21.61±10.00 and 15.21±7.24 repetitions/min respectively. The average of 900 push-ups test between boys and girls were 12.72±7.31 and 5.12±3.25 repetitions/min respectively. The average/mean of Trunk lift test was 5.67±2.56 in boys and 5.12±2.45 inches in girls respectively.Conclusions: The study concluded that there was lower fitness level as per calculation of healthy fitness zone seen amongst the school going children and also there were lower levels of their physical activity in day to day life. Also, study results show significant difference among the boys and girls in their physical fitness level.
Prevalence of hypertension and its associated risk factors among adults residing in urban slum: a population-based door-to-door study
Authors: Jain Swati , Jain Vikas
Published: February 2020

Background: High blood pressure (HBP) is the single most common risk factor for disease burden all over world. In India, HBP has now emerged as a leading risk factor for morbidity and mortality. This study was carried out to find out prevalence of hypertension and its association with major risk factors among adults residing in urban slum.Methods: A population based door to door study was carried out in urban slum coming under field practice area of urban health training centre, Department of Community Medicine People’s College of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.Results: The mean systolic BP was 121.4 mmHg whereas mean diastolic BP was 79.4 mmHg. Overall, 64.6% respondents were normotensive, 15.4% were in the category of pre-hypertension, and 5% in stage 1 hypertension (HTN) and 15% were in stage 2 HTN, giving the overall prevalence of high blood pressure 20.07%.Conclusions: It can be concluded from present study that the prevalence of hypertension is quite high. Hence it is necessary to increase the public awareness about hypertension.
Frequency and trend of dengue fever in a tertiary care hospital in Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu: three-year retrospective study
Authors: M. Vijayakarthikeyan
Published: February 2020

Background: Dengue is a mosquito borne viral disease which is endemic in the tropical and subtropical regions. In the recent years it has become a significant public health problem and its incidence is increasing in India. In 2016 1.1 lakh new dengue cases were reported in India. The objectives of the study was to describe the frequency and distribution of dengue infection and to determine the association between dengue infection and selected variables.Methods: The study is a hospital based retrospective study conducted in a tertiary care hospital in a rural area of Kancheepuram district. Three-year data (January 2015 to December 2017) was collected from the medical records department of the hospital. Dengue cases were diagnosed by ELISA test.Results: Among 340 dengue patients admitted in the hospital 240 (74.5%) were male and 100 (25.5%) were female. In this study, 306 (90%) patients were of the classical dengue type and 34 (10%) patients belong to dengue haemorrhagic fever type. There is a spike in the case load after the monsoons. There was a positive statistical significant association (p<0.0001) between dengue infection and male sex, low socioeconomic status and platelet count at the time of admission.Conclusions: Results of the study indicate that there should be proper education of the public through various available Medias and awareness campaigns. All dengue patients must be appropriately treated in order to prevent complications. The national vector borne disease control program must extend its coverage to combat dengue infection.
Nutritional assessment of pregnant and lactating women in an urban slum of Siddipet District, Telangana, India
Authors: Hothur Rekha , Patruni Manoj
Published: February 2020

Background: One of the vulnerable groups among the population is pregnant and lactating mothers. Among the women in pregnancy it effects the fetal growth and development. Aim of this study is to assess the dietary pattern of pregnant women and lactating mothers and factors related with adequacy of nutrient intake.Methods: Community based cross-sectional study. Study setting was urban slum dwellers of Siddipet. Study period from September 2019 to November 2019. Study population were pregnant and lactating women up to 6 months registered in Anganwadi centre. Sample size was 91 pregnant and 58 lactating women. Sampling methods was simple random sampling method. Data analysis used was SPSS Version 21.Results: Distribution of women according to intake of nutrients revealed that nearly 90% of the pregnant and 50% of the lactating women were not taking adequate calories and proteins respectively. Mean calorie intake in pregnant and lactating women was 1418±192 and 1600±218 respectively (recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for calories in pregnant and lactating women was 2580 kcal and 2830 kcal respectively). Mean protein intake in pregnant  and lactating women was 47±9 and 51±8 respectively (RDA for protein in pregnant and lactating women was 78 gm and 74 gm respectively). Food taboos were prevalent in both pregnant (42%) and lactating women (55%).Conclusions: Interventions for promoting health education in women need to be strengthened, in order to achieve proper nutrition to women and mothers.
A study on nutritional status of elderly and association with morbidity in a rural village of Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Kanaparthi Kiran Prakash , Anga Venkata Suresh
Published: February 2020

Background: Aging is a universal process. Individual ageing is influenced primarily by a person’s genetic makeup, lifestyle and environmental factors. Among the various environmental factors that modulate ageing, nutrition plays a significant role. Objectives of the study was to assess the nutritional status of the elderly residing in a rural community and incidence of morbidity among them and to identify risk factors for the occurrence of morbidity among the elderly and suggest possible strategies for intervention.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on elderly people residing in Pedautapalli village.Results: Comparison between energy, protein and fat intakes and socioeconomic status is found to be significant. The most common complaint was that of musculo-skeletal pain (29.9%) followed by visual problems (25.2%) and joint pains (17.2%). 20 (47.6%) males and 28 (62.2%) females were deficient in energy, 22 (52.3%) males and 33 (73.3%) females were deficient in protein, p=0.043, and 7 (16.6%) males and 10 (22.2%) were deficient in fat. Counting all the episodes of morbid conditions, the incidence of morbidity was 262.9 episodes per 100 person years. In the undernourished group (BMI<18.5, n=22) it was 213.6 episodes per 100 person years and in the others (normal and overweight, BMI≥25, n=40) the incidence rate was 240 episodes per 100 person years. The relative risk was 0.89.Conclusions: It was concluded that there was no association between nutritional status and the incidence of morbidity in the study population.
Prevalence of self-medication practices in urban area of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Thoufiq A. Abdul Azeez , Vijayan Aljin
Published: February 2020

Background: Self-medication is the selection and use of medicines by individuals to treat self-recognized illnesses or symptoms. Self-medication is one element of self-care. The World Self-medication Industry defines self-medication as the treatment of common health problems with medicines especially designed, labelled and approved for use without medical supervision. It is also defined as the use of drugs to treat self-diagnosed disorders or symptoms, or the intermittent or continued use of a prescribed drug for chronic or recurrent disease or symptoms. This study was carried out to investigate the problem and factors responsible for self medication.Methods: A community based cross sectional descriptive study was conducted in Anakaputhur, an urban field practice area of Sree Balaji Medical College. A pre-tested structured questionnaire was used as a study tool to interview the study participants, conducted by face to face interview.Results: There is an association present between age groups and self-medication were the p value was 0.035. There is an association present between occupation and subjects on self-medication p=0.001. An association present between education and self-medication, per capita income and self-medication and marital status and self-medication with a p=0.000. No statistically significant association was found between other factors like tobacco use and alcohol use with self-medication.Conclusions: Self-medication is an important health issues in India. Health education of the public and regulation of pharmacies may help in limiting the self-medication practices.
Quality of life among elderly living in old age homes and in family of Kancheepuram district, Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Thresa Sahaya Sona , S. Indumathi
Published: February 2020

Background: Quality of life in elderly is more relevant towards an ageing society. In India, the awareness is very little about the special needs of the elderly and their care takers (physical and mental health, psychological and social support).  Furthermore, among elderly there is a variation between those living in old age homes (OAHs) and those living in general population. Hence the present study was undertaken to assess and compare the quality of life of elderly living in OAHs and community.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among elderly in old age homes and family set up of Kanchipuram district, Tamil Nadu. QOL of elderly was assessed using WHO QOL - brief questionnaire after taking informed consent from the participants. Data was analyzed using SPSS 23.Results: A total of 106 elders from each group old age home and family setup were the study participants. Quality of life was good 72.5% in family and in OAHs it was only 56.2%. The main reason for residing in OAHs was no family, lack of care takers. All the four domains were found to be highly statistically significant.Conclusions: From this study we are able to find out that quality of life in family setup is better than OAHs, psychologically many people were depressed as they live separately from their family and relatives, friends and the community they lived.
Effect of epidemiology batch posting in improving attitude towards research among medical students
Authors: P. Aparnavi , U. Venkatesh , S. Priyanka , S. Shalini
Published: February 2020

Background: Epidemiology batch posting (EBP) is conducted only in a few Indian medical colleges for undergraduate students to orient them with research methodologies. EBP is designed to overcome the lacuna in knowledge on attitude towards scientific research amongst medical students. The objective of the study was to study the effect of EBP in improving attitude towards research among medical students.Methods: A pre-post study was conducted on a batch of 40 students (consecutive sampling technique) posted for EBP in Department of Community Medicine, at VMMC and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi during October-November 2017. This was well above the required sample size of 16 calculated using G Power 3.1. Data was collected using R-ATR (revised attitude towards research) Data was found to be non-parametric by applying tests of normality. Hence Wilcoxon sign rank test was used to find the statistical significance in change of attitude between pre and post-tests.Results: Participants mean age was 20.50±1.58 yrs and 75% of them were males. The median attitude towards research usefulness increased from 5.25 to 6.75 following EBP. In the domain of positive predisposition towards research, there was an overall positive change in attitude from a median of 4.00 to 5.25. A negative change was shown in ‘research anxiety’ domain, from a median score of 5.00 to 3.00.Conclusions: Authors recommend that Indian medical curriculum should mandate a small group learning model such as EBP for all undergraduate medical students to bring about a positive attitude towards research and to reduce their anxiety levels.
Assessment of immunization among newborns: comparison between children delivered vaginally and by cesarean section
Authors: Narula Arvinder Pal Singh , Doke Prakash Prabhakarrao , Vaidya Varsha Mahesh , Patil Archana Vasantrao , Panchanadikar Tushar Madhavrao , Wagh Girija Narendrakumar
Published: February 2020

Background: Timely administration of vaccines, particularly for hepatitis B birth dose within 24 hours of birth is of immense importance. It is considered as an indicator of quality of immunization programme. This study aimed to assess effect of mode of delivery and type of hospital on immunization among newborns. Methods: This large multi-site study was conducted in Pune district having population of 9.43 million. A total of 13 hospitals were selected which included all government hospitals performing more than five cesarean sections per month, and one government and one private medical college hospital. Cesarean section and vaginally deliveries were enrolled in 1:1 ratio. Their children were followed till discharge. Data were collected by obstetrician or qualified nurse.Results: During study period 3,112 women were enrolled.  The relative risk of not getting vaccine Hepatitis B birth dose before 24 hours among cesarean delivered newoborns was 1.08. The relative risk of not getting zero polio and BCG among cesarean delivered newborns was 0.71 and 0.76 respectively. All these differences were significant. The coverage for all vaccines was better in sub district hospitals than others. Coverage of all vaccines in government teaching hospital was better than private.Conclusions: Cesarean section enabled better coverage among newborns probably due to length of stay. Whereas the physical and mental stress after cesarean section resulted lesser coverage of hepatitis B birth dose within 24 hours. Opportunities of timely Hepatitis B birth dose administration were missed probably due to lack of knowledge among health workers about ideal timing.
Physiological cord clamping: a dawn to halt anemia in infants
Authors: Fasna L. , M. Jasmine , Raja V. Pragadeesh
Published: February 2020

All infants immediately following their birth experience a decrease in hemoglobin which result in varying degrees of anemia termed as physiology or early anemia of infancy. Normally after birth hemoglobin values fall from 14.6 to 22.5 g/dl to 10.0 to 12.0 g/dl within 8 to 10 weeks from age, after which the values gradually increase reaching the normal level at the end of 2 years
Plant health and arborization of two squares in the municipality of Belterra, Pará, Brazil
Authors: Guimarães Pereira Ana Jéssica , Da Silva Ailson Melo , Serejo Mateus , Maestri Mayra Piloni , De Aquino Marina Cardoso , Tenório Renata Sousa
Published: February 2020

A quality arborization in cities and, mainly, in public places destined for entertainment, such as squares, is indispensable for the well-being of the population, besides, to contribute to the aesthetic enhance of the environment. Thus, this work aimed to analyze the phytosanitary nature of tree vegetation in two squares, Brazil square and square of Estrada 8, located in the municipality of Belterra, in the west part of the state of Pará. The number of individuals found at Brazil square was 56, while at square of Estrada 8, it was 21. According to the results, 61% of crowns of the first square, and around 70% in the second one, were in good health. The tree stems in the two squares did not show any apparent problem, the values of sanity for them were 67%, and 60%, respectively. Concerning the root situation, about 83% of the individuals analyzed at Brazil square had no problems, only one individual from Ipê pointed to rot in their roots. However, at the square of Estrada 8, about 79% had no damaged roots. In Brazil square, 67% of the species are regularly pruned, although, the ficus trees showed a need for removal, indicating 4% of the individuals with severe phytosanitary problems with termite attack. At square of Estrada 8, it is necessary to remove 38% of individuals, followed by 35% of pruning, replacement by 6% and only 21% of arboreal individuals are in an adequate situation for urban squares.