bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1734 – Psychiatric Counselling In Novara General Hospital Wards: Six Years Of Activity (2006–2011)
Authors: Di Tullio E. , Antona M. , Gramaglia C. , Zeppegno P.
Published: July 2013

Background

Liaison Psychiatry facilitates the management of medical-psychiatric comorbidities.

Objective

To describe the activity of the Liaison Service, Maggiore della Carità General Hospital, Novara, Italy, from February 2006 to December 2011.

Aims

To evaluate the referral rate among different wards.

Method

Patients referred for psychiatric consultation were analysed by means of a logistic regression model.

Results

1794 patients overall were involved. The referral rate was 1,60%, with a decrease in 2011. The highest frequency was in Radiotherapy and Hematology (14.71%). Reasons for consulting were: management problems (38%), assessment of a positive psychiatric history (37%), depression (32%), differential diagnosis between organic and psychiatric diseases (19%). Interventions for differential diagnosis and management problems significantly increased in 2010 and 2011 respectively. Radiotherapy and Haematology Wards were characterised by a higher referral rate for psychiatric history or depression (53%; 55%), Surgery showed fewer requests for depression (20%). The consultant suggested interviews or drug administration to 91% and 69% of patients respectively; interventions on the hospital staff and on the family in 34% and in 16% of cases. We observed an increase in interventions on hospital staff (49%) since 2006 and the use of interviews increased (96%) since 2010. Radiotherapy and Hematology were characterized by a greater use of interviews (95%), interventions on staff (43%) and family members (22%).

Conclusions

The referral rate is consistent with literature. Differences among Wards as far as the use of liaison psychiatry is concerned are discussed.
1735 – Kurdish Medical Students’ Reports Of Child Physical Abuse In Their Families, Psychological Sequelae And Other Characteristics
Authors: Mahmud N.M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Physical abuse means the non-accidental infliction of physical injury on or physical mistreatment of a child. Incidence, forms and degree of child physical abuse vary greatly depending on many variables such as geographical area, general awareness, culture, religion, economic status and others factors.

Objectives

This study highlights occurrences of child physical abuses in Kurdish families from to medical students’ reports.

Aims

To know the rate of phsycial abuse in Kurdish families and address the related characteristics.

Methods

The total of 432 medical students in Kurdistan Region/Erbil/Iraq, anonymously answered a set questions about the occurrence of child abuse in their families, their attitudes and opinions towards the issue, the perpetrators and their motives, with physical, psychological, and low sequelae etc.

Results

Two-thirds of students believed that child physical abuse is a real concern in Kurdish families.

One-thirds of students reported occurrence of child physical abuses sometime in their families.

To them, most perpetrators of the abuse were from paternal more than maternal side; from other males, rather than other females in the extended family. And they were associated with subsequent adult victimization (both psychological and physical).

Conclusions

Childhood physical abuse is relatively common in Kurdish families, and is associated with a wide variety of psychological symptoms.

More emphasis on raising the public awareness about impact of child abuse is crucial, in terms of demonstrating its psychological consequences like building a more fragile adult personality, and a lot of other untoward consequences.
1740 – Psychometric Properties Of The Night Eating Questionnare In a Portuguese Sample Of Overweight Women
Authors: Peixoto C. , Pereira A.T. , Soares M.J. , Bos S.C. , Marques M. , Nogueira V. , Valente J. , Madeira N. , Roque C. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ; Allison et al, 2008) is the only validated instrument to assess the Night Eating Syndrome. It is composed of 14 Likert items and it enables to rule out for sleep-related eating disorder.

Objectives

To investigate the psychometric properties of the NEQ and to investigate its pattern of correlation with related variables in a sample of Portuguese overweight women.

Methods

The NEQ and the other self-report validated instruments to assess disordered eating, insomnia, daytime sleepiness, depressive symptoms and affect were administered to an outpatient sample of 276 women (Mean age=43.85±11.88; Mean BMI=32.82Kg/m2±5.43) attending a weight loss treatment consultation in a public hospital.

Results

The NEQ Coronach a was .60. A four factors structure (variance explained=57.62%) was selected: Factor (F)1 “Nocturnal ingestions” (α=.81); F2 “Evening hiperfagia” (α=.57); F3 “Mood/Sleep” (α=.42) and F4 “Morning anorexia” (α=.24). From the 23 participants (8.6%) who snacks when get up in the middle of the night, 6 (26.1%) had “not at all/a little” awareness of their eating; 3 (13.0%) had “none at all/a little” control over their eating while up at the night. NEQ total score significantly (p< .01) correlated with disordered eating behaviors (r=.28), insomnia (.50), daytime sleepiness (.27), depressive symptoms (.40), negative affect (.39) and positive affect (-.16).

Conclusions

The Portuguese version of NEQ presents reasonable internal consistency. The factorial structure overlaps with the original almost completely. The pattern of correlations with relevant variables was as expected. The NEQ could be very useful to clinical and epidemiological purposes.
1744 – Is Childhood Trauma a Mediator For Cocaine Induced Psychotic Symptoms?
Authors: Nichols E. , Jarroir M. , Zerdazi E.-H. , Lépine J.-P. , Vorspan F. , Bellivier F.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Cocaine users often experience transient psychotic symptoms following cocaine use (Smith et al. 2009). The severity of such psychotic symptoms is influenced by cocaine dose (Vorspan et al. 2011). Several authors observed a higher prevalence of childhood trauma in cocaine addicts than control subjects (Enoch et al. 2010).

Objective

Describe cocaine induced psychosis and evaluate if it is associated with childhood trauma.

Aim

Define the population of cocaine users who experiment cocaine induced psychotic symptoms.

Method

We did a transversal retrospective study. 100 outpatient cocaine users were evaluated with Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptoms of Crack Induced Psychosis (SAPS-CIP) and Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Informations were obtained about lifetime cocaine use (age of onset, DSM IV dependence criteria, route of administration, daily dose, days of use per month).

Results

We did not observe any link between SAPS-CIP and CTQ or CTQ and cocaine consumption. About cocaine consumption, more often patients took cocaine during the worst period, higher is the SAPS-CIP score. If patients are (or were) dependent to cocaine, they have higher scores on SAPS-CIP. Moreover, if patients took cocaine intravenously, they have higher scores on SAPS-CIP than if they took it by snorting, or smoking.

Conclusion

In the conditions of our study, childhood trauma isn’t a mediator for cocaine induced psychosis. About psychotic symptoms, they seem to be more severe among daily cocaine dependents who take it intravenously.
1745 – Emotional Distress, Quality Of Life And Personal Growth In Young Adults With Cancer
Authors: Monteiro S. , Morgadinho R. , Torres A. , Pereira A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Adolescents and young adults are an understudied and often a misrepresented population in oncology research and practice.

Objectives

The current study was designed to assess the impact of cancer on a sample of Portuguese young adults with cancer, regarding emotional distress, quality of life (QOL) and personal growth.

Aims

The specific aims of the present work are 1) to assess current emotional distress, QOL and personal growth of young adults with cancer, which are compared to those of a group of healthy controls, and 2) to assess current emotional distress, QOL and personal growth of young adults with cancer according to treatment status (patients or off treatment survivors).

Methods

A sample of 36 Portuguese young adults with cancer and 435 healthy controls was evaluated through four instruments: Socio-demographic and clinical questionnaire, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core-30 (EORTC QLQ-C30), and Personal Growth Subscale (PG) from the Psychological Well Being Scale.

Results

Cancer patients scored lower than controls in the role, cognitive and social domains of QOL and in personal growth. Cancer patients scored lower than cancer survivors in the role domain of QOL and personal growth.

Conclusions

The cancer patients revealed QOL and personal growth difficulties, mainly those undergoing treatment. These issues need to be considered in the psychosocial intervention within adolescents and young adults’ oncology care.
1746 – A Case Of Isoniazid-induced Delirium
Authors: Demartini B. , Ranieri R. , Gambini O.
Published: July 2013

Objective

To report a case of isoniazid-induced delirium.

Case summary

A 56-year-old man affected by alcoholism and hepatic cirrhosis was admitted to hospital for a suspected pneumonia with pleural effusion and thickenings. A Mantoux skin test was positive. A core biopsy of the pleural nodules revealed a tubercular granulomatous pleuritis. An isoniazid, ethambutol and rifampicin therapy was then started. Subsequently the patient developed a state of delirium. A diagnostic work-up was carried out considering different hypothesis: hepatic encephalopathy was ruled out because of lack of response to appropriate treatment; negative encephalic CT scan, liquor examination and EEG excluded a tubercular involvement of the central nervous system or other neurologic etiologies. Haloperidol and delorazepam were administered under the suspicion of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, without any benefit. Finally a toxic etiology was considered. Among isoniazid side effects psychosis is described, though rare. Isoniazid therapy was then stopped and substituted by moxifloxacin, with progressive improvement of the state of consciousness.

Discussion

Cases of isoniazid-related psychiatric disorders reported include psychosis, obsessive-compulsive disorder and mood alterations. Two mechanisms are generally considered as responsible: pyridoxin deficiency and isoniazid toxicity, a molecule chemically near to iproniazid, a powerful monoamineoxidase inhibitors. This is the first report of a case of isoniazidinduced pure delirium, with all clinical features according to DSM-IV criteria. We also confirmed successful resolutions of symptoms only by discontinuation of therapy.

Conclusions

In the work-up of a state of delirium, when investigating the toxic hypothesis, clinicians should consider neuropsychiatric side effects of isoniazid.
1747 – Recovery-orientation And Peer Support For Mothers With Mental Health Problems
Authors: Amering M.
Published: July 2013

Context

Recovery is currently the guiding principle for mental health policies in English-speaking countries with growing influence internationally.

Key messages

Recovery is defined not only by symptom reduction but mainly by opportunities for inclusion and success in social roles. Recovery means leading a meaningful life after and despite mental health problems and disabilities. Being a mother is an integral part of what constitutes a meaningful life for many women.

Peer support is an essential ingredient of recovery-oriented services and the evidence on its feasibility and positive impact is growing.

Peer support for mothers during pregnancy and the perinatal period has a long tradition in most societies. Examples of groupbased as well as individual peer support programs with direct contact or telephone based interventions have been described and evaluated mainly for breastfeeding and for the prevention of postpartum depression.

Recently, peer support programs especially designed for mothers with mental health problems have been developed. First experiences are encouraging. More research is needed and will include recovery-dimensions as outcome variables as well as qualitative and user-led designs. Areas of special interest in the development of recovery-oriented interventions are the need for ongoing support while children grow up, the prevention of unnecessary custody loss, issues of disclosure and assistance for children as supporting relatives.

Conclusion

Recovery-orientation and peer support offer new insights and new ways of support for mothers with mental health problems and disabilities.
1749 – Psychometric Properties Of The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire In a Portuguese Sample Of Overweight Women
Authors: Peixoto C. , Pereira A.T. , Soares M.J. , Bos S.C. , Marques M. , Nogueira V. , Valente J. , Madeira N. , Roque C. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

The Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDEQ; Fairburn & Beglin, 1994) is a widely used measure composed of 28 items derived from the EDE Interview. The questionnaire has been considered an adequate measure of eating related psychopathology, including with overweight samples. EDEQ also assesses frequencies of eating disordered behaviors in terms of the number of episodes in the past four weeks (6 items not contributing to scores).

Objectives

To investigate reliability and factorial structure of the EDEQ in a large sample of Portuguese overweight women.

Methods

The EDEQ was administered to an outpatient sample of 276 women (Mean age = 43.85 ± 11.89; Mean BMI = 32.82 Kg/m2 ± 5.43) attending a weight loss treatment consultation in a public medical center.

Results

The EDEQ Cronbach a was .88. All items contributed to the internal consistency. A three factors structure (variance explained = 50.37%) was selected: Factor (F) 1 “Weight and shape concern/dissatisfaction” (a = .91); F2 “Eating concern” (a = .71) and F3 “Restraint” (a = .63). The mean total score was 2.36 (± 1.07). The regular occurrence of overeating episodes, selfinduced vomiting, laxative misuse and excessive exercise was reported by 10%, 1.5%, 4.1%, and 8.9% of participants, respectively.

Conclusions

The EDEQ Portuguese version showed adequate psychometric properties in a sample of overweight women. Its factorial structure, mean scores and specific eating disorder behaviors frequencies are in accordance with other studies with obese participants. The EDEQ Portuguese version could be very useful to clinical and epidemiological purposes in a broad range of eating disturbances.
1757 – Perfectionism, Eating Behaviours And Affect In Overweight Women
Authors: Peixoto C. , Pereira A.T. , Soares M.J. , Bos S.C. , Marques M. , Maia B.R. , Nogueira V. , Valente J. , Madeira N. , Roque C. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Knowledge about the mechanisms underlying the relationship between perfectionism and eating behaviors in overweight/obese women is very scarce.

Objectives

To investigate the relationship between perfectionism, eating behaviors and affect in overweight women.

Methods

The Portuguese validated versions of the Eating Disorders Examination Questionnaire/EDEQ, the Multidimensional Perfectionism Questionnaire and the Profile of Mood States were administered to an outpatient sample of 276 women (Mean age = 43.85 ± 11.89; Mean BMI = 32.82 ± 5.43) attending a weight loss treatment in a public hospital.

Results

Correlations between Social Prescribed Perfectionism/SPP and EDEQ total (T) and its dimensional scores (Weigh and Shape Concern and Dissatisfaction/WSCD, Eating Concern/EC, Restraint) were all moderate (r > .30) and significant (p > .001). Self-Oriented Perfectionism/SOP was also significantly correlated with EDEQ-T, WSCI and Restraint (r = .20). Positive affect/PA was negatively correlated and Negative affect/NA was positively correlated with all EDEQ dimensions (r > .25; p > .001). SPP, but not SOP, was significantly correlated with PA (r = −.27) and NA (r = .34). Participants with high (>M+SD) vs. low (< MSD) SOP and SPP had significantly higher means in EDEQ-T, WSCI, EC and Restraint (all p < .001). Linear regression showed that SPP, PA and NA were predictors of EDEQ-T and WSCI; SPP and NA were predictors of EC; NA was the unique predictor of Restraint (all p < .001). Controlling for NA/PA, SPP still being a significant predictor of all EDEQ, WSCD and EC, accounting for significant increments of variance (4.4%, 2.9% and 4.3%, respectively; p < .001).

Conclusions

As in studies with other type of samples, SPP is related to disordered eating in overweight women.
1768 – Sick-leave Due To Psychiatric Disorder Among Women
Authors: Ben Ammar H. , Bel Arbi A. , Robbana L. , Moula O. , Bouasker A. , Ghachem R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Women take sick-leave more often than men, in general and especially because of psychiatric disorders.

Objective

The aim of the present study was to describe and analyse sick-leave due to psychiatric morbidity and its relation to age and occupation, with a special focus on sex differences.

Method

We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study in external consultation of the psychiatric hospital Razi. We collected the records of patients seen between 01/07/2011 and 30/09/2012 and who received sick leave for psychiatric illness.

Results

92 patients were included (78 female, 14 male) with mean age of 43,6 years. Sick-leave duration was longer for women. The greatest gender differences were found in the youngest and oldest age-groups. Women had higher incidence also in the longest spells (86% vs 14%).

Depressive disorders were found among 73% of cases. Highest incidence of sick-leave was found among those with a combination of psychiatric and physical morbidity.

Conclusion

Psychiatric disorder is an important factor in sick-leave among women, especially regarding length of absence. Further studies on the influence of sex integration on sickness absence need to be done.
1773 – Alexythymia And Narratives In The Psychotherapy Of Eating Disorders. Correlations Between Psychometric Scales And The Narrative Indices Of The Referential Process
Authors: Caslini M. , Mariani R. , Rivolta L. , Pini E. , Bartoli F. , Zappa L.E. , Clerici M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

This study presents the first results of a project on alexythymia and emotional connections in a sample of 8 patients with EDs. The project aims to evaluate changes in emotional expressions through the language used, by means of the Italian measure of the referential process. Changes in the alexithymic condition will be examined through the outcome and qualitative analysis of the psychotherapeutic process.

Method

25 verbatim transcribed psychotherapeutic sessions were analyzed and correlated with TAS20, EDI-2, PBI, BUT, SWAP200, and between these and the narrative indices of the IDAAP.

Results

The relation between TAS20 and PBI supports a link between alexythymia and parenting styles: neglect and overprotection seem to contribute to difficulties in forming emotional connections. The positive correlation found between the TAS20 and some EDI2 subscales indicates a tendency to express misunderstood stimuli by means of the body. A positive correlation between MHIWRAD2 and TAS20 may suggest strong phases of emotional activation due to emotional dysregulation. The analysis of the significant correlations between the PBI and the RA measures indicate that parenting styles are related to language. A positive correlation between the IWRAD indices and maternal overprotectiveness was found: maternal overprotectiveness may be associated to strong emotional activation which is in turn characterized by emotional dysregulation. The associations between the narrative indices and the high functioning measure of the SWAP200 suggest that the reflexive components is related to high functioning; emotional dysregulation, as expressed by the variability in RA peaks, seems to be connected to low functioning.
1777 – Is Management Of Borderline Personality Disorder In Female Psychiatric Intensive Care Unit (picu) Appropriate?
Authors: Bennett L. , Dixon R. , Gintalaite-Bieliauskiene K.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

There are above 170 PICUs in the UK, most of them being gender mix or male only. There is no specific data available about management of patients diagnosed with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in PICUs.

Objective

Review of sociodemographic, clinical, outcome characteristics, care pathways and financial implications when managing BPD population in Female PICU.

Aims

To measure rates of compliance with NICE guidelines using such criteria as: comprehensive care plan provided on admission to PICU and at discharge from PICU; patient being involved in discussion about discharge plans; specialist assessment / treatment started before admission to Female PICU was continued during the admission; referral for psychological therapies was considered/made during stay in Female PICU; prescribing practice by referring and admitting teams; availability of specialist Personality Disorders (PD) services locally.

Methods

Retrospective cross sectional review of patient records.

Results

76% of patients are admitted to Female PICU with a comprehensive multi-disciplinary care plan. 80% of patients transition from ECH was discussed carefully with the patient beforehand. Specialist assessment/treatment started before admission to ECH was continued during the admission 100%. Most of the patients would receive treatment by various psychotropic meds prior and during the admission. Referrals to psychological therapies were considered for 19% of patients. There is a lack of specialist PD services.

Conclusions

BPD is the most costly population in comparison with other patient groups in Female PICU which requires multidisciplinary team input, specialist services involvement, better adherence to NICE guidelines, support and training for MDT.
1778 – Suicide In Portugal: Comparison Between Coastal And Inland Regions
Authors: Castanheira G. , Lopes A.C. , Cordeiro C. , Silva B. , Corte-Real F. , Vieira D.N.
Published: July 2013

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. It is often committed out of despair, the cause of which is attributed to a mental disorder, alcoholism, drug abuse or stress factors such as financial difficulties or troubles with interpersonal relationships. In the 20th century it is possible that more people have died from suicide than in the two great wars ocurred in the same century. The World Health Organization estimates that it is the 13th leading cause of death worldwide.

This study aimed to describe the situation of different regions of central Portugal with regard to suicidal behavior in the general population, comparing different data from coastal and inland regions. The intention was also to compare these realities with nacional and european standards.

The authors present a retrospective study of over 8000 forensic autopsies performed between 2006 and 2010 in the portuguese regions of Aveiro, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Covilhã, Figueira da Foz, Leiria, Viseu and Tomar, of which around 15% were related to suicide. Several variables were characterized in order to establish the profile and circumstances of suicide in these regions.

As the portuguese legislation predicts a forensic exam in cases of violent death, the continuous raise of the number of autopsies from suicides means that this trend shows an alarming increase. Data collected from forensic post mortem exams may prove essential to understand this phenomenon, which is a source of economical and social impoverishment.
1786 – Perfectionism, Self Esteem And Depression In a Portuguese Sample Of Adolescents
Authors: Bento C. , Pereira A.T. , Marques M. , Saraiva J. , Macedo A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

In adolescents, Socially Prescribed Perfectionism/SPP has been consistently associated with depression. Findings on Self-Oriented-Perfectionism/SOP and depression are equivocal. Self esteem/SE has been found to play a significant role between SPP and depression.

Objective

To analyse the relationship between perfectionism, SE and depression in a Portuguese adolescents sample.

Method

963 adolescents (59.2% girls), aged 15.80 ± 1.510 answered the Portuguese versions of the Children Depression Inventory/CDI, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale and Child and Adolescent Perfectionism Scale.

Results

CDI and SE mean scores were significantly different between genders (CDI-Girls:10.84 ± 6.025 vs. Boys:8.90 ± 6.477; SE- Girls:20.11 ± 4.953 vs. Boys:20.48 ± 4.856; p < .001). SOP was not significantly correlated with CDI and SE in both genders. In both genders SPP was positive correlated with CDI and negatively correlated with RSES (r = .20, p < .01). RSES was negative correlated with CDI (Girls, r = -.70; Boys, r = -.63; p < .01). Girls with high SPP (>M+1SD) had CDI total mean scores significantly higher than girls with low SPP ( < M-1SD) (12.61 ± 6.79 vs9.75 ± 5.24, p=.003). Gils and boys with high SE vs. low SE had significantly higher CDI total mean scores (Girls:18.49 ± 5.98 vs. 4.91 ± 3.05; Boys:17.02 ± 7.65 vs.5.80 ± 5.62; p < .001). Linear regression showed that the model composed by SPP and RSES explained 49.5% of the CDI variance in girls and 40.0% in boys (p < .001). In both genders, SPP and SE were significant CDI predictors (p < .05). The mediation analysis revealed that in the Girls sub-sample SE partially mediated the relationship between SPP and CDI (IC 95% .036-.126).

Conclusions

High SPP and low SE are associated with depression in adolescence.
1788 – Hypnosuggestive Psychotherapy Of Psychosomatic Patients
Authors: Mykhaylov B. , Kashpirovsky A.
Published: July 2013

Contemporary, a high level of psychosomatic disorders in Ukraine fixed on.

The clinical longitudinal comparative investigation was perfomed with 1103 patients.

The representation of nosological diseases were: blood system - 8%, endocrinous system - 11%, psychic and behaviorale disturbances - 9%, nervous system - 11%, cardiovascular system - 20%, gastrointestinal system - 12%, urinary system - 21%, other - 8%. The emotional disturbances of all thease patients were investigated with the clinic and pathopsychological methods. The high level of anxiety was shown. Pathopsychologically the high level of personality anxiety and low level of neurotism and depression were identified. Our experience showed the necessity of the integrative models of psychotherapy provided, parted on stage. The complex system of psychotherapy, based on rational and hypnosuggestive models has been developed, with the multimodal approach.

The cathamnestic investigation the high efficasy in 65% cases, and middle range efficacy in 20% cases was chown.
1790 – Impact Of a New Antidepressant Drug Treatment On The Occurrence Of An Antipsychotic Prescription In The General Population
Authors: Tournier M. , André M. , Gaudron Y. , Bégaud B. , Lepouriel H. , Verdoux H.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

An antidepressant drug treatment (ADT) may be associated with adverse effects such as manic switch or chronic irritable dysphoria. These adverse effects have been highlighted in patients with bipolar disorder but never in the general population. They may lead to prescription of sedative treatment, particularly antipsychotic drugs.

Objectives

To assess whether the prescription of ADT is subsequently associated with an increased probability of prescription of an antipsychotic treatment, in the general population.

Methods

A nested case-control study was carried out in a cohort of subjects initiating a new ADT registered in the national insurance database (n = 28,145). Cases were defined as subjects receiving a new antipsychotic drug treatment. Controls did not receive any antipsychotic drug until the index date. They were compared for the probability of receiving an ADT during at least two weeks in the four weeks prior to antipsychotic initiation.

Results

2558 subjects received an new antipsychotic drug over the follow up. After adjustment for gender, age, chronic disease status, welfare benefit, specialty of the ADT prescriber, co-prescription of other psychotropic drugs, a new antipsychotic dispensing was associated with exposure to ADT during at least two weeks in the four weeks (OR 1,42 ; IC95% 1,29-1,58 ; p < 0,0001).

Conclusions

The dispensing of ADT increases the risk of receiving an antipsychotic treatment, which may be a proxy for manic switch, in the general population.
1795 – Course Of Dependent Patients With Buprenorphine High Dosage: About 32 Cases
Authors: Robbana L. , Moula O. , Guermani M. , Bouasker A. , Ghachem R.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Discussions about the limitation of the prescription and dispensing of buprenorphine hight dose (Subutex ®) emphasize the need for a systematic and formalized cooperation between the various contributors in health.

Objective

Describe the course of caring for patients addicted to Subutex followed at the outpatient service of Razi hospital.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted on the records of patients who consulted the outpatient service of Razi hospital during a six-month period and whose diagnosis of dependence to Subutex was retained.

Results

Twenty three patients were addicted to Subutex. 100% male. The mean age of the patients was 32.13 years. Almost 82.6% of patients had a low socioeconomic level and 78.3% of them did not have insurance. 16 were unemployed. A history of incarceration was found in 82.6% of patients. The duration of use of Subutex ranged between 2 and 168 months. Places of acquisition of this molecule were precised only by 26% of consumers. Fifteen consultants do not have any history of detoxification cure and 8 of them had 1 or 2 cures. In addition, 78.3% of patients reported being motivated to stop their addiction. Regarding collaboration of physicians, 8 patients (34% of the patients) were referred by generalist physicians, 7 patients by specialist physicians, 4 patients by emergency and 2 by psychiatrists.

Conclusion

The management of patients addicted to Subutex in our country is deficient. These results argue for the necessity of general measures of support dependent on psychoactive substances.
1801 – The Prognosis Of Specific Phobia In The Elderly Population: a 5-year Follow-up Study
Authors: Sigström R. , Skoog I. , Karlsson B. , Östling S.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Specific phobia (SP) is prevalent in the population but its clinical relevance is unclear.

Objectives

There are few prospective population studies of SP.

Aim

To study the prognosis of SP in a sample of elderly with special reference to SP as a risk factor for depression.

Material and methods

A representative sample of 70-year old men and women (N=558) without dementia were examined by psychiatric nurses, using a semi-structured interview based on the Comprehensive Psychopathological Rating Scale (CPRS). Symptom algorithms were used to diagnose SP and other disorders of mood and anxiety according to DSM-IV. At a 5-year follow-up 418 (74.9%) persons were re-examined.

Results

The prevalence of SP had declined significantly from 10.2% to 6.1% at follow-up. Of those with SP at baseline, 28.6% met diagnostic criteria also at follow-up, 52.4% had sub-clinical symptoms and 19.0% had no symptoms at follow-up. The prognosis of SP was not influenced by psychiatric comorbidity or type of fear. SP at baseline increased the risk for depression at follow-up in a logistic regression model also including gender and other anxiety disorders.

Conclusion

Less than a third of those with SP meet criteria at a 5-year follow-up, indicating substantial fluctuation of symptom levels of SP. The marked reduction in prevalence of SP over time suggests that age in itself may have a positive influence on the prognosis. The increased risk for depression in this study calls for more prospective studies in younger samples.
1804 – Mental Health At Work, Structures Of Daily Life And Individual Characteristics
Authors: Marchand A. , Durand P. ,   Équipe de Recherche sur le Travail et la Santé Mentale (ERTSM)
Published: July 2013

Aims

To analyse variations in workers psychological distress, depression and burnout within a model encompassing the stress promoted by constraints-resources embedded in structures of daily life (workplace, family, social networks outside the workplace) and worker individual characteristics (demography, physical health, psychological traits, life habits, stressful childhood events).

Methods

Data were collected in 2009-2012 from a sample of 64 Quebec (Canada)workplaces, where 2162 employees were surved, for a response rate of 73.1%. Multilevel regression models were used to analyse the data.

Results

Variables explain 31.8% of psychological distress (GHQ), 47.7% of depression (BDI) and 48.1% of burnout (MBI). Associations are not the same for each outcome. Skill utilization (BDI, MBI), decision authority (GHQ), abusive supervision (BDI, MBI), conflicts (BDI, MBI) and job security (GHQ, BDI, MBI) are related to the outcomes. For the family, being in couple (BDI, MBI), minor children (BDI, MBI), family to work conflict (MBI), work-to-family conflict (GHQ, BDI, MBI), strained marital and parental relations (GHQ, BDI) associated with the outcomes. Social support outside the workplace predicts both psychological distress and depression. Most of the individual characteristics correlated with the three outcomes.

Conclusions

The results of this study suggest expanding approaches in occupational mental health in order to avoid coming to erroneous conclusions about the relationship between work and mental health. Depression and burnout seem to share a similar explanatory structure, while psychogical distress appear mostly explained by non-work factors.
1810 – An Empirical Assessment Of Psychotherapy Allegiance In Randomised Controlled Trials
Authors: Dragioti E. , Dimoliatis I. , Evangelou V.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

An allegiance to a school of psychotherapy may distort the findings of treatment effectiveness in randomized clinical trials (RCT).

Objectives

To assess the influence of allegiance in treatment effectiveness.

Aim

Using a systematic approach across various psychotherapy studies we aim to identify if allegiance introduces systematic bias in the observed effects.

Methods

We considered meta-analyses of RCT of different types of psychotherapies in the Cochrane Database. Eligible articles included were those that had only RCTs and at least 1 study with allegiance of the experimenter. For each metaanalysis we calculated the relative odds ratio (ROR) of the allegiance studies vs. no allegiance odds ratios per meta-analysis and the summary ROR across all meta-analyses by using random effects models. Heterogeneity is quantified with the I2 metric.

Results

A total of 30 meta-analyses including 240 RCTs were analyzed. Effect sizes of experimental intervention with psychotherapy allegiance (PA) has more favorable effect than experimental intervention without PA (sROR=1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.03-1.66, I2=53%). Subgroup analyses showed that this inflation is strongly type of psychotherapydependent (Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: sROR=1.07, 95% CI: 0.85-1.34, I2=19%; Supportive or counseling therapy: sROR=1.44, 95% CI: 1.01-2.05, I2=0%; and others: sROR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.03-1.66, I2=79%). Allegiance effect was also stronger where the therapeutic experimenter had both developed the therapy and supervised the therapist implemented the intervention (sROR=2.39 95% CI=1.15 - 4.99 I2=65).

Conclusion

PA can introduce systematic bias on effect sizes of various psychotherapy intervention trials in a similar way that conflict of interest does.
1813 – Clinical Predictors Associated With Antidepressant Response And Remission After Rtms In Resistant Depression
Authors: Pretalli J.B. , Nicolier M. , Monnin J. , Tio G. , Sechter D. , Vandel P. , Haffen E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is widely investigated and has been proved to have positive effect on treatment-resistant depression. The Food and Drug Administration has authorized rTMS to be used in this indication in several countries. However, patients do not all benefit equally from rTMS.

Objective

We therefore sought to identify the clinical and demographic factors associated with response and remission after rTMS in chronic and resistant depression.

Methods

76 patients suffering from unipolar or bipolar depressive episode received 10 high frequency rTMS sessions, one per day, over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (10 Hz, 95% Motor Threshold, 5s on, 25s off). All patients were antidepressant-free or taking a stable antidepressant drug for at least one month.

Results

Nearly half of patients had responded to the treatment (47.4%) and 16 went into remission (21.1%) by the end of the study (immediately after the last rTMS session). Morover, as shown by using simple and multiple logistic regressions, the age at which the first episode occurred and the initial level of state anxiety were associated with a higher response rate. A hyperthymic temperament and a greater trait anxiety were shown to be associated to a higher remission rate.

Conclusion

The results obtained suggest that unipolar and bipolar patients may react differently to rTMS. These two subgroups of affective disorders could benefit from specific, separate paradigms.
1815 – Comorbidity Of Anxiety And Depression In Dermatology
Authors: Verbenko V.A. , Prytulo O.A.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The incidence of depressive disorders in patients with skin diseases is about 30% compared with the prevalence of depressive disorders in somatic practice - up to 20% (Filaković P. at all, 2009). The comorbidity of depressive and anxiety disorders with allergic contact dermatitis and atopic dermatitis was spotted. The psychogenic factors and behavioural aspects have significant role in the etiopathogenesis of most dermatological diseases (Shenefelt PD, 2011).

Methods

A survey 46 patients with skin diseases - 28 (61%) atopic dermatitis and 18 (39%) allergic dermatitis, was conducted with psychometric scales (NAMD-21, Q-LES-Q). Skin disease duration was more than 12 months. The average age of the patients 36,4 ± 3,5 years.

Results

In social aspect were obtained positive correlations with high demands at work (p ≤ 0.05), low social support (p < 0.02), a state of chronic stress at business (p< 0.002), persistent family problems (p < 0.05). Most patients demonstrated reduced social functioning and dissatisfaction with family relationships or relationships with a partner. Were identified: anxiety symptoms in 62% patients, somatovegetative manifestations of depression (appetite disorders - in 43%, 71% -of sleep disturbances, impaired concentration - 76%, irritability - in 91%), depressed mood - 39% and in 22% patients - anhedonia.

Conclusions

The business stress factors and interpersonal problems lead to probability of skin diseases occurrence.
1816 – Prenatal Exposure To Lithium And Fetal And Neonatal Growth
Authors: Imaz M.L. , Eixarch E. , Torres A. , González-Rodríguez A. , García-Bouza R. , Español G. , Roda E. , Botet F. , Figueras F. , García-Esteve L.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Insulin-dependent diabetes, obesity and gestational diabetes are factors associated with macrosomia. Some psychiatric medications have well established side effects of weight changes in exposed pregnants. However, very few studies have investigated about the effects of lithium in fetal and neonatal anthropometry.

Aims

To investigate the effects of maternal use of lithium during pregnancy on fetal and neonatal growth.

Methods

A case-control study was conducted at the PERINATAL PSYCHIATRY PROGRAM CLÍNIC-BARCELONA. Case group consisted of 18 pregnant women on maintenance treatment with lithium monotherapy (n=13) or polytherapy (n=5) during pregnancy; control group involves 49 healthy women selected from an initial sample of 309. We evaluated sociodemographic data, lithium plasma concentrations in maternal blood and umbilical cord, fetal and neonatal anthropometry.

Results

Women did not diabetes or obesity criteria pre-pregnancy and during pregnancy. Mean maternal age (SD) in lithium exposed cases was 33.5 (3.8) and 32.5 (4.1) in non-exposed pregnant. No statistically significant differences were found regarding sociodemographic variables and pre-pregnancy BMI. Caesarean section was required in 91.8% of lithium exposed mothers, whereas 8.2% of non-exposed women did not need it (p= 0.000). Fetuses exposed to lithium had greater abdominal circumference (p= 0.018) and femur length (p= 0.010) compared to non-exposed group. There were no differences in umbilical cord/maternal plasma lithium ratio between women treated with lithium monotherapy or polytherapy (1.11vs.1.03).

Conclusions

The fetuses exposed to lithium had a greater abdominal circumference, greater femur length and more caesarean section in comparison to non-exposed group. Fetal growth surveillance is recommended in pregnant treated with lithium.
1819 – Perceived Body Shape Distortions Among Eating Disorders: Preliminary Evaluation Of The Behavioral Indices Of a Modified Emotional Stroop Test
Authors: Volpe U. , Mucci A. , Merlotti E. , Monteleone P. , Galderisi S. , Maj M.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Body shape and weight concerns are considered core features of eating disorders (EDs); however, it is still debated whether subjects with anorexia nervosa (AN) also present distortion of the body perception with respect to those with bulimia nervosa (BN).

Objectives

To demonstrate differences in behavioral response patterns to their own distorted and undistorted body images in subjects with and without EDs.

Aims

To characterize the perception of body images in EDs.

Methods

We recruited 15 female subjects with AN, 13 subjects with BN and 22 healthy controls (HC). All subjects were presented with their own body images, distorted according to the body shape questionnaire score (BSQ), an index of body dissatisfaction, and control stimuli including own non-distorted and “scrambled” body images. Each image type was presented 80 times in a randomized order and contained one, two or three body images; subjects were asked to press a button when two body images of any kind appeared.

Results

Although BN patients had the highest score on the BSQ (131.4) as compared with AN (111.1) and HC (97.58) subjects, AN patients committed significantly more omissions (6.34%), with respect to BN (2.23%) and HC (1.54%) subjects. Furthermore, AN patients needed a significantly longer time to process distorted body images (670.7 msec, on average), with respect to BN (650.1 msec) and HC (579.6 msec) subjects.

Conclusions

Our preliminary data confirmed the presence of a body distortion bias in AN subjects and suggest that it is independent from the degree of body dissatisfaction.
1821 – Gender Differences In Suicidal Completion: 5 Years Analysis In Central Portugal
Authors: Lopes A.C. , Castanheira G. , Vicente S. , Cordeiro C. , Silva B. , Corte-Real F. , Vieira D.N.
Published: July 2013

Suicide is the act of intentionally causing the one's own death and it can be explored by different studies using different methodologies, one of which is the statistical analysis of suicide, recognized by World Health Organization as very useful in research to gain a better understanding of the phenomenon.

Research data from statistical analysis collected from various countries shows that there are gender-by-culture differences in rates of suicide completion and it has been reported that biological, social and psychological factors affect suicidal behavior differently in men and women.

Several variables were characterized by the authors not only to establish the gender differences in suicide completion in the central Portugal but also to compare this reality with nacional and european patterns.

The authors present a retrospective study of forensic autopsies performed between 2006 and 2010 in the central portuguese regions of Aveiro, Castelo Branco, Coimbra, Covilhã, Figueira da Foz, Guarda, Leiria, Viseu and Tomar. Among 8148 forensic autopsies 15% (N=1248) were due to suicide and data collected from these forensic post mortem exams helped to establish the profile and circumstances of suicide in men and women.

Health care professionals must consider gender differences in treating patients who are at risk for suicide, although this field clearly deserves more research attention to generate information that can guide clinical practice and prevention strategies.
1822 – Differences In Neurocognitive Functioning Between Healthy Controls, Delusional Disorder And Paranoid Schizophrenia
Authors: Laorden A.T. , Vicente I. , Sánchez M.J. , Del Amo V. , García I. , De Portugal E.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

Since Kraepelin times, it is considered that the delusional disorder (DD) does not imply a cognitive deficit, unlike the paranoid schizophrenia (PS). However, empirical evidence is very limited.

Objective

To compare the neurocognitive functioning differences among healthy controls (HC), DD and PS patients.

Methods

Neurocognitive functioning was evaluated in 51 healthy controls, 69 DD patients and 41 PS patients (according to the SCID-I) using an extensive neuropsychological battery which evaluate five domains (attention, working memory, verbal memory, executive function and social cognition). Was performed multivariate analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to compare differences in neuropsychological performance between the three groups. The potential confusion factors were controlled, like the socio-demographic characteristics, premorbid IQ (“National Adult Reading Test”), depressive symptoms (“Beck Depression Inventory”) and the positive and negative psychotic symptoms (“Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale”).

Results

DD patients showed a considerably worse neurocognitive functioning than healthy controls regarding to attention, verbal memory, executive functions and social cognition; while DD patients compared to PS only present a better neurocognitive performance in attention.

Conclusion

DD patients shown that neurocognitive deficit is relevant, unlike what it is considered since Kraepelin up to date, as shown in the DSM-IV-TR and the CIE-10.
1829 – Effects Of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rtms) On Specific Symptom Clusters In Depersonalization Disorder (dpd)
Authors: Christopeit M. , Simeon D. , Mantovani A.
Published: July 2013

Introduction

DPD is a highly disabling condition for which no efficacious treatment exists. Imaging and neurophysiology findings suggest that the right temporo-parietal junction (RTPJ) plays a crucial role in the conscious experience of the normal embodied self, mediating spatial unity of mind and body, a process impaired in DPD.

Objectives

We tested the potential therapeutic value of RTPJ rTMS and found that after 3 weeks 6/12 DPD patients responded with 51% reduction on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale (CDS). After 3 more weeks of RTPJ rTMS responders showed 68% improvement.

Aims

Here we present results of 3 and 6 weeks of RTPJ rTMS on each of four cardinal symptom domains of depersonalization, i.e. emotional numbing, anomalous subjective recall, alienation from surroundings, and anomalous body experiences.

Methods

In responders we performed a retrospective analysis and applied repeated measures ANOVA on the average scores of each of the four symptom domains derived by the CDS.

Results

Responders to 3 weeks of RTPJ rTMS showed a significant improvement (71% reduction; P= 0.01) in anomalous body experiences. However, after receiving 3 more weeks of RTPJ rTMS they reported further reduction in anomalous body experiences (76% reduction; P= 0.00) and a clinically significant improvement in alienation from surroundings (54% reduction; P= 0.02), emotional numbing (52% reduction; P= 0.05), and anomalous subjective recall (57% reduction; P= 0.11).

Conclusion

This is the first study suggesting that RTPJ rTMS may show therapeutic promise in DPD, and that anomalous body experiences scores might represent an early predictor of response for the remaining symptoms.