bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Palliative and End-of-Life Care in Stroke: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Creutzfeldt Claire J. , Bu Julia , Comer Amber , Enguidanos Susan , Lutz Barbara , Robinson Maisha T. , Zahuranec Darin B. , Holloway Robert G. ,   on behalf of the American Heart Association Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; and Council on Clinical Cardiology
Published: December 2024

OBJECTIVE:

To provide an update on palliative care needs specific to stroke and provide key points for clinicians and health care systems caring for patients with stroke and their families.

METHODS:

Members of the writing group were chosen to represent the multidisciplinary team of professionals who care for people who have had a stroke. Each member was assigned a topic within their area of expertise, reviewed the literature, and drafted content with a focus on the past decade to complement the 2014 American Heart Association scientific statement on palliative and end-of-life care in stroke.

RESULTS:

Stroke has multidimensional effects on patients and their families because of threats to personhood, prognostic uncertainty, and the need to adapt to functional changes after stroke. Palliative care has evolved as both a specialty and a skillset with a goal to improve communication about goals of care and quality of life for patients and their families that emphasizes a holistic, all-person approach. After stroke, palliative care needs (eg, to address pain and physical, emotional, psychosocial, and spiritual distress) are insufficiently addressed by current models of care. Integrating palliative care principles is fundamental in all stages of stroke and should include strategies to improve communication about prognosis and goals of care, address psychosocial needs such as coping with loss, navigating complex health care systems, and preparing for death when necessary. We also review strategies to address the substantial inequities that exist across sociodemographic and regional strata in the use of life-sustaining treatment and access to specialists in stroke or palliative care.

CONCLUSIONS:

Palliative care needs are common after stroke and should be addressed throughout the illness continuum. Research is urgently needed.
Pathophysiology of Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Recovery Trajectories
Authors: Mai Lauren M. , Joundi Raed A. , Katsanos Aristeidis H. , Selim Magdy , Shoamanesh Ashkan
Published: December 2024

Recovery trajectories in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) are recognized as distinct from those observed in ischemic stroke. This narrative review aims to clarify the pathophysiology underlying ICH recovery patterns, highlighting the unique timeline and nature of functional improvements seen in ICH survivors. Population-based cohort studies tracking functional outcomes in a longitudinal fashion, along with randomized clinical trial data with standardized outcome assessments, have demonstrated that ICH recovery generally has a delayed onset in the first weeks, followed by a steep early subacute stage recovery (typically up to 3 months) continuing in protracted, gradual improvements beyond 3 to 6 months. Understanding these recovery patterns, and how these differ from ischemic stroke, is crucial for providing accurate prognostic information, facilitating targeted health care delivery, and optimizing therapeutic interventions and the design of ICH randomized trials. This article synthesizes current evidence on early- and late-stage functional recovery trajectories in primary, spontaneous ICH and cognitive outcomes, emphasizing the clinical and research implications of these recovery patterns.
Effects of Allostatic Load on Long-Term Survival After Stroke
Authors: Johnson Nicole Betty , Jones Erica M. , Ovbiagele Bruce , Markovic Daniela , Towfighi Amytis
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND:

Allostatic load index (ALI) is often utilized to quantify the physiological response to stress. This study assesses the relationship between ALI and its impact on all-cause, cardiovascular, and stroke mortality in individuals with a self-reported history of stroke and within the general National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey sampled population.

METHODS:

Using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (III, 1988–1994) and the 2015 Linked Mortality File, we selected adults aged ≥25 years with self-reported stroke. We computed the weighted prevalence of each ALI category to obtain nationally representative estimates with higher ALI corresponding to a higher stress burden. We evaluated the relationship between ALI category and mortality outcomes using the Cox proportional hazard model, considering the survey design variables and adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, marital status, income, drinking, and smoking status.

RESULTS:

Of 17 284 people screened in the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey sample population, 15 567 individuals were included in the study. The ALI distribution was 48.3% ALI ≤1, 21.7% ALI=2, and 30% ALI ≥3. Of 414 individuals with a reported history of stroke, there were 11.8% ALI ≤1, 22.1% ALI=2, and 66.1% ALI ≥3. There was an association between a higher ALI and older age, Black and Mexican American race, and >1 comorbidity in the overall sampled population. In the population with prior stroke, those with ALI ≥3 had 2.7× higher adjusted all-cause mortality (hazard ratio, 2.7 [CI, 1.5–4.9]) and 4.5× higher adjusted cardiovascular mortality (hazard ratio, 4.5 [CI, 1.4–14.3]) compared with those with ALI ≤1. In the general sampled National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey population, the ALI ≥3 group had 1.8× higher adjusted stroke mortality (hazard ratio, 1.8 [CI, 1.1–3.1]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Baseline higher ALI is associated with greater all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in stroke survivors and greater stroke mortality in the overall sampled National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey population.
Studies About Atomic Compositions based on Synchrotron Radiation X- ray Microfluorescence (SR-μXRF) Analysis of Materials (at Micro- and Nano-Scale) Obtained by Sol-Gel Processes
Authors: Ysnaga Orlando
Published: December 2024

Sol-gel is a wide-spread methodology for low-temperature synthesis of ceramics, nanocomposites and hybrid (inorganic-organic) materials. Ormosil (Organically Modified Silicates) belong to these class of hybrid materials, which have potential uses as optical materials, chemical sensors, catalysts, membranes, self-cleaning coatings. We are especially interested on the application of Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Microfluorescence (SR-μXRF) for the non-destructive analysis of such materials, benefiting of the high intensity obtained from this source of X-rays. SR-μXRF has demonstrated to be a useful analytical tool for qualitative and semi-quantitative determination of Hybrid films containing phosphotungstates ([PW12O40]3-/PWA), in order to determine the local concentration, as also the correlation among elements. For ormosil films, SR-μXRF enabled the qualitative determination of Titanium (Ti) that is heterogeneously distributed, oppositely to the case of Zinc (Zn) and Tungsten (W). For PI-ORMOSIL-PWA films, SR-μXRF maps have shown the heterogeneous distribution of the Silicon (Si) and a quasi-homogenous distribution of Tungsten (W). SR-μXRF results for Silicon (Si) and Tungsten (W) are consistent with the corresponding concentrations obtained by ICP-OES analyses, which were taken as the reference results. For PDMSUr-PWA films, SR-μXRF mapping have shown the heterogenous distribution pattern for Tungsten (W) and the capacity for the identification of Bromine (Br). For these materials NAA analyses were taken as the reference results for Tungsten (W). Furthermore, they are presented the HorRat parameters, in order to estimate approximately the degree of heterogeneity of these materials, which are in agree with the observed in the corresponding mappings obtained by SR-μXRF, giving hints about segregation at surface and at bulk level. HorRat parameters for concentrations obtained by ICP-OES and NAA (bulk analyses) are close to the expected value (2.0), which make possible using as reference values for SR-μXRF results (analyses at surface and medium-bulk levels), due to the non-existence of standards for these hybrid materials (at Micro- and Nano-Scale).
Contextual Theology and the Challenge of Globalization
Authors: Luka Reuben , Byang Danjuma
Published: December 2024

For several decades, particularly from the 1950s, discussions began about the need to contextualize the Gospel message to make it relevant to specific contexts of people groups in order for proper integration and establishment of the message of Jesus Christ among the various cultures of the world. In this article, we shall show that several arguments have been used to establish contextual theologies in a bid to demonstrate their relevance in the frontiers of Christian missions on the vanguard of Christian campaigns. Even the field of systematic theology and practical theology are not left out as the discussion of contextualization is argued through biblical theology, to show that God all along has used the approach and methodology of contextualization in reaching His creation, and deployed the same through the redemptive process—incarnation, thus, the need to recognize its critical position, and hence secure for it a seat of prominence in theology and ministry. Given that the context discussion of contextualization arose essentially seven decades back—a time, when nations of the world were divided along cultural, religious, political and economic barriers, contextual theologies were critical to making sense of the Gospel of Jesus Christ among the different worldviews and cultures of the world. In recent times, however, the world has shrunk to a global village, thereby collapsing these barriers and erasing diversity. Against this background, a historical methodology is employed to critically examine and demonstrate how globalization has become a thorn in the flesh of contextual theologies.
Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Environment Using Modified Parkia Biglobosa (Locust Bean) Shell
Authors: Durotoye Ayomide , Akhagbeme Joe
Published: December 2024

The different metal complexing ligands containing synthetic and natural adsorbents have been described in literature for the removal of heavy metal ions from aqueous solutions. However, the removal of Chromium (IV) ion using Parkia biglobosa is yet to be reported in literature. A new method was developed to obtain adsorption capacity using modified Parkia biglobosa shells as a natural Chromium (IV) heavy metal ion adsorbent from aqueous solution at a certain pH. Agricultural waste: Carob husks (a product derived from carob beans) were modified with HNO3 and citric acid, and their effectiveness on the removal of Cr (VI) from aqueous solutions was examined in a batch experiment. The core sizes used are 150 µm and 300 µm. The effects of different parameters such as pH, Cr (VI) concentration, adsorbent loading, and contact time were determined. The optimum pH values for the two dimensions were found to be 3 and 1, respectively. The contact time for maximum adsorption is 30 minutes. The Freundlich isotherm describes the equilibrium between liquid and solid phases. Parkia biglobosa can be said to be a good adsorbent for the removal of Chromium (VI) heavy metal ion from aqueous solutions depending on the pH of the solution.
The Role of PDZ in Cerebral Ischemia
Authors: Chen Yeting , Shan Yisi , Cao Wenping , Cao Ye , Pu Jianfeng
Published: December 2024

Cerebral ischemia is a widespread disease and a leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Its complex origins and the mysterious mechanisms behind its development make it a formidable adversary in the field of medicine. PDZ proteins are part of the human proteome with multiple functions and have been identified as key mediators of cell signaling and synaptic transmission. Their interactions with PDZ-binding proteins underlie their role in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In this paper, PDZ domains have been extensively studied, exploring their structural properties and functional roles in cells. This review highlights the importance of these domains in signal transduction pathways, which are essential for the normal function of the nervous system. It also highlights emerging evidence linking PDZ proteins to the regulation of angiogenesis in cerebrovascular diseases, a key process in the development of ischemic disease. In addition, we further discuss the potential of PDZ proteins in neuronal regeneration, an area that is expected to play a role in stroke development and subsequent rehabilitation. This review also discusses the link between PDZ proteins and excitatory synaptic transmission, further exploring the mechanisms involved in excitatory toxicity. By analyzing the complex relationship between PDZ proteins and their binding partner, this paper aims to reveal the molecular basis of cerebral ischemia. This suggests that a deeper understanding of these interactions could pave the way for innovative therapeutic interventions for stroke management. The review concludes by advocating continued research into PDZ proteins, recognizing their potential as building blocks for the development of new treatment and prevention strategies for stroke and related disorders.
Performance Evaluation of Global Precipitation Datasets in Northern Mexico Drylands
Authors: Esquivel-Arriaga Gerardo , Huber-Sannwald Elisabeth , Reyes-Gómez Víctor M. , Bravo-Peña Luis C. , Dávila-Ortiz Rodrigo , Martínez-Tagüeña Natalia , Velázquez-Zapata Juan A.
Published: December 2024

Precipitation is a fundamental process in the hydrological cycle; hence, reliable and accurate information on the spatiotemporal rainfall distribution is critical for climate change modeling, local decision-making, and the development of climate adaptation policies. In Mexico’s drylands, the rainfall gauge network is highly heterogeneously distributed and frequently with incomplete datasets. Here, we examine how this deficient rainfall information can be best compensated by information derived from global precipitation datasets. We applied a performance evaluation of Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS), CFS-2, AgERA5, PERSIANN-CDR, and TerraClimate and compared these data with observed monthly precipitation records (1983–2018) for dryland regions associated with a network of Participatory Social–Ecological Observatories including Mediterranean climate in northwest (NW) Mexico, coastal arid climate in the Sonora Desert, and semiarid climate in the Chihuahua Desert. We compared monthly and annual rainfall of the global datasets with observed data with Pearson’s correlation coefficient, means, standard deviations, root-mean-square errors, and Taylor diagrams. The results indicate that CHIRPS and AgERA5 can reproduce the precipitation cycle at monthly and annual scales; also, the interannual variability is well captured. Our results suggest that for Mexican drylands, global precipitation datasets can be used to understand drought patterns, for hydrological modeling, for local decision-making, and for the development of urgently needed climate adaptation policies.
Broadening of Cloud Droplet Spectra through Eddy Hopping: Why Did We All Have It Wrong?
Authors: Grabowski Wojciech W.
Published: December 2024

In situ aircraft observations in adiabatic and close-to-adiabatic cloudy volumes suggest that cloud droplet spectra are often broader than predicted by growth of a droplet population rising from the cloud base. Cloud turbulence has been suggested as one of the possible mechanisms for the observed spectral broadening. This paper reviews computational studies of the impact of cloud turbulence on the diffusional growth of cloud droplets in adiabatic cloudy volumes. These studies typically apply direct numerical simulation (DNS) or scaled-up DNS approach to represent diffusional growth of cloud droplets embedded within homogeneous isotropic air turbulence. There is also a theory that predicts that the droplet spectral width continuously increases in time because of the individual droplet growth or evaporation within turbulent eddies. This mechanism has been referred to as eddy hopping. This paper expands the discussion in Prabhakaran et al. and illustrates the fundamental flaw of past computational and theoretical studies. These studies do not consider vertical dispersion of droplet positions that leads to growth of droplets that in the mean move upward and to evaporation of those that move downward. The theoretical prediction comes from confusing spectral broadening with the vertical dispersion of droplet positions when periodic lateral boundaries are used in DNS. Computational examples using a stochastic model mimicking eddy hopping show that droplet spectral width does not continuously increase in time, but it saturates at a small spread. Methodologies for appropriate numerical studies of the adiabatic spectral width evolution in natural clouds are discussed.

Significance Statement

The width of the cloud droplet spectrum is an important parameter affecting radiative transfer through a cloudy atmosphere as well as drizzle and rain formation in natural clouds. Past in situ observations over the last several decades show that droplet spectra in undiluted or weakly diluted cloudy volumes are often wider than expected in an adiabatic parcel rising from the cloud base. Cloud turbulence can impact diffusional growth of cloud droplets through the mechanism we refer to as eddy hopping, that is, droplets growing and evaporating in turbulent eddies. That mechanism attracted attention in the last two decades and has been investigated in computational studies of droplet diffusional growth in a turbulent environment. We document a fundamental flaw of those previous studies and suggest a way forward to understand the impact of turbulence on droplet diffusional growth.
Use of Social Media to Source Medical Information Among Parents of Pediatric Otolaryngology Clinic Patients: A Survey Study
Authors: Sharma Arjun , Goshtasbi Khodayar , Bhatt Jay
Published: December 2024

Objective:

The reach and impact of social media as it pertains to medical information among the parents and guardians of pediatric otolaryngology patients is unknown. This survey-based study investigates the use of social media as a source of medical knowledge in this population.

Methods:

Parents and guardians visiting a pediatric Otolaryngology clinic located at a tertiary care children’s hospital in southern California from September 2022 to May 2023 were approached for study inclusion. Decision tree and logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify patterns of social media usage in association with factors of interest.

Results:

Of the 400 parents included in the study, most were female (80.0%); 49.5% were 30 to 40 years of age, and 18.8% were <30 years old. Most (90.0%) used social media, and 44.5% actively used it to obtain health information related to care for their children. A large proportion of parents (73.0%) were interested in social media content to better understand their child’s condition, particularly the opportunity to view videos and images of a surgery planned for their child (75.0%). About half (50.5%) would permit their child’s doctor to post about their child on social media, and 53.8% stated they would be more inclined to choose a surgeon who uses social media to educate families about their child’s condition.

Conclusion:

Most parents/guardians were interested in and had obtained critical medical information on social media, especially content pertaining to their child’s medical condition(s). Analysis of survey responses identified the social media content most valued by parents/guardians of children undergoing otolaryngological surgery. These findings can be used by pediatric otolaryngologists to better understand their patients’ preferences and improve access to health information for their patients on social media, as well as to grow their practices.
Qualitative Bereavement Experiences and Support in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Scoping Review
Authors: Teichman Samantha , Mitchell Barbara A. , Riadi Indira , Chaudhury Habib , Banerjee Albert , Odom William
Published: December 2024

This scoping review examines qualitative studies on bereavement experiences and support mechanisms for community-dwelling older adults. This area of research is especially timely given rapid population aging and the interplay of heightened vulnerability, cumulative losses, shrinking support systems, and the critical need for bereavement support. Such support not only acts as a preventative health measure but can also serve as a catalyst for fostering meaning-making and navigating grief in later life. Through a scoping search and synthesis of relevant qualitative studies ( n = 24), the findings reveal four key themes: the impact of grief on wellbeing, grief perceived as an individual issue, challenges in seeking and receiving support, and positive support experiences and transformations. Knowledge gaps, trends and issues, and areas for further investigation are also highlighted. This discussion contributes to developing targeted bereavement support strategies for community-dwelling older adults.
Association of Body Image Perception / (Dis)Satisfaction and Symptoms of Eating Disorders in University Students of Health Sciences
Authors: Paim Lisiane Daniela , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo , Garcez Anderson
Published: December 2024

We aimed to investigate the association of body image perception / (dis)satisfaction with eating disorders symptoms. We conducted a cross-sectional university-based study with 534 students, aged 18 years or older, from a federal higher education institution specializing in health sciences and located in Southern Brazil in 2023. We evaluated eating disorder symptoms using the Brazilian version of the SCOFF screening tool (≥2 symptoms) and body image using a silhouette scale developed for Brazilian adults. The mean age of the sample (78.3% female) was 23.3 (SD = 6.2) years. The prevalence of eating disorder symptoms was 53.6% (95% CI: 49.3–57.8). In terms of body image, the prevalence of (dis)satisfaction was 64.6% (95% CI: 60.5–68.7) and of body image distortion was 53.4% (95% CI: 49.1–57.6). Students dissatisfied with their body image due to excess weight were 2.16 times more likely to report eating disorder symptoms (PR = 2.16; 95% CI: 1.66–2.80; p < .001). Similarly, students who overestimated their body size were 35% more likely to report eating disorder symptoms (PR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.12–1.63; p = .002). In conclusion, we found a significant association between body image perception / (dis)satisfaction and symptoms of eating disorders in university students of health sciences.
Regional-level Indicators for Chronic Diseases of People with Disabilities: Findings from a Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Park Seungeun , Jeon Boyoung , Jung Young-Il , Moon Juhyeon , Park So-Youn
Published: December 2024

Maintaining health cannot be achieved individually; it is influenced by social, legal, and institutional factors surrounding the individuals. This study aimed to identify regional-level factors that may influence the occurrence of chronic diseases among people with disabilities. To achieve this, we conducted a Delphi survey with experts to identify a set of regional indicators required for studying the health status of people with disabilities, particularly for predicting the occurrence of chronic diseases. Through the process of the Delphi survey, 24 indicators were finally selected. The major categories of the indicators were demographic factors (4 indicators), health behaviors (6 indicators), healthcare resources and utilization (11 indicators), and local community policies (3 indicators). Each category and subcategory of indicators plays a crucial role in understanding and improving the health and well-being of people with disabilities at the regional level. By addressing these factors comprehensively, policymakers and healthcare providers can develop more effective and targeted interventions, ultimately fostering a more inclusive and supportive environment for people with disabilities. The findings underscore the importance of a holistic approach to health assessment and the need for continued monitoring and evaluation to inform policy and practice.
Seeking “Self-Determination” in Detroit: Housing, Race, and the Activism of the West Central Organization, 1964-1971
Authors: Lindner Anna E.
Published: December 2024

This essay examines the advocacy efforts of the West Central Organization (WCO), which was established in 1964 to protect Detroit neighborhoods that were historically mostly white but were becoming increasingly Black. Seeking “self-determination” for citizens, the WCO’s communications campaigns attracted media and administrative attention to housing crises caused by urban renewal policies. Drawing on literature and news stories published by and about the WCO, this essay focuses on political battles the WCO picked with Detroit Mayor Jerome Cavanagh and Wayne State University. The WCO garnered a small measure of political power and managed to alter urban renewal policies—before the WCO’s confrontational tactics turned white mainstream press outlets and public opinion against the organization. Ultimately, the WCO’s white leadership and race-blind approach to organizing mitigated its effectiveness in the wake of the 1967 Rebellion, when Black leaders confronted racial discrimination, policy brutality, and other systemic issues that continue in present-day Detroit.
Sculpting critical thinkers: A reflection on teaching policy analysis in a South African university
Authors: Nhari Sibongile Ruth , Nzimakwe Thokozani Ian
Published: December 2024

This reflective paper examines the critical thinking levels of final-year, final-semester public administration students at a South African university, using a case study approach. By engaging students in a structured case study, this paper also reveals the value of case-based methods in fostering critical thinking skills within the academic context. The case study challenged students to critically evaluate the dynamics of policy implementation in the context of public service delivery within South Africa. The lecture was designed to emphasize the importance of understanding the motivation behind specific policy formulation and highlight this as the guiding principle for their application in real life contexts. This paper presents reflections of this educational exercise, by exploring the depth of critical thinking and reasoning exhibited by the students as they considered the complexities of public service delivery in South Africa, emphasizing the significance of policy context and its influence on decision-making. Blooms Taxonomy (1956) is used to support the reflections in this regard. The findings of this activity reveal not only the effectiveness of the teaching methodology but also the extent to which students internalised the ethos behind policy creation and its role in shaping policy implementation. The paper underscores the importance of promoting critical thinking, problem-solving skills, as it relates to policy analysis. It also highlights the practical implications of this teaching method in preparing students for future roles in public service and policy development. Additionally, this paper contributes to the ongoing dialogue on enhancing teaching and learning effectiveness in South African universities, emphasizing the importance of engaging students in critical reflection.
Surgical Management of Preauricular Sinus: A Histopathological Analysis
Authors: Huang Qilin , Xiao Guixiang , Wu Xia , Cheng Huamao
Published: December 2024

Background: Consensus on removing a part of the helical cartilage during preauricular sinus surgery is lacking. A thorough understanding of the histopathological characteristics can improve surgical decisions. Methods: We reviewed the histopathological characteristics of preauricular sinuses in 54 patients who underwent surgery between October 2020 and October 2021. Results: The mean distance between the squamous tract and excised auricular cartilage was 0.38 mm. The maximum tract diameter in primary and recurrent cases was 0.52 cm (range, 0.1-2.8 cm) and 0.42 cm (0.1-1.1 cm), respectively. Mild and severe infections were more frequent in the primary group, whereas moderate infections were more frequent in the recurrent groups. Myofibroblast proliferation was more frequent in recurrent cases than in primary cases. However, cysts, granulation tissue, multinucleated giant cells were more frequent in the primary group. Conclusion: We recommend removal of a small portion of the ascending helix cartilage during preauricular sinus surgery to prevent recurrence. Alternatively, the squamous tract should be carefully dissected from the cartilage to ensure complete sinus excision.
Reciprocal associations between child disclosure, parental solicitation, and behavior problems during middle childhood
Authors: Desmarais Cloé , Poulin François
Published: December 2024

Parental knowledge is often the result of parents soliciting information from their child and their child’s disclosure of that information. Although child disclosure is most closely (and negatively) associated with behavior problems in adolescence, it is not yet known whether this is also the case in childhood. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between child disclosure, parental solicitation, and behavior problems in Grades 1 to 4 in a Canadian sample, taking into account intra-individual stability, the child’s gender, and socioeconomic status. The mothers and teachers of 911 children (62.7% boys) completed questionnaires in Grades 1, 2, 3, and 4. A Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model (RI-CLPM) showed that behavior problems in Grade 2 predicted an increase in parental solicitation in Grade 3. In contrast, behavior problems in Grade 3 predicted a decrease in parental solicitation in Grade 4. No cross-lagged association with child disclosure was observed. Although these results differ from those reported in adolescence, they suggest that middle childhood is a sensitive period for parent–child communication and behavior problems.
Reclaiming Derogatory Language: Self-Reports and Interbeat Intervals
Authors: Puchała Dominik , Bilewicz Michał , Świderska Aleksandra
Published: December 2024

Minorities reclaim derogatory labels to change their meaning. However, previous research on reclamation has focused on the perception of self-labeling with derogatory labels in an ecologically invalid context, using self-reports that may be influenced by norms. We examined how recordings containing derogatory terms against gay people are perceived, using both a self-report and an unobtrusive heartbeat measure. In the experiment ( n = 103), we showed that individuals perceived statements with derogatory labels as less offensive when participants of the Gay Pride (a pro-LGBT+ march) used them and as more offensive when they were used by participants of the March for Life and Family (a conservative march). This effect was stronger among gay men. Nonetheless, the sexual identity and the content of speech played no role in the case of the heartbeat. The paper discusses the discrepancy between declarative and nondeclarative measures.
Comparison of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MRI and 18F-FDG PET/CT in metastatic lesions of gynecological cancers: a systematic review and head-to-head meta-analysis
Authors: Sun Lixin , Hao Pan , Peng Ruchen
Published: December 2024

Background

68Ga-labled fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (68Ga-FAPI) represents a new and exciting positron emission tomography-computed tomography/magnetic resonance (PET-CT/MR) radiotracer.

Purpose

To compare the diagnostic efficacy of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET/CT in metastatic lesions of gynecological cancers (GCs).

Material and Methods

The PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases were thoroughly investigated from inception until 22 December 2023. A head-to-head contrast between 18F-FDG PET/CT as well as 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR for the assessment of GCs was presented by the included studies. A random variable model was employed to examine the sensitivity in detection of lymph node (LN) and peritoneal metastases (PM).

Results

The pooled sensitivity for 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR and 18F-FDG PET/CT in lymph node metastases (LNM) of GC were 0.98 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.86–1) and 0.85 (95% CI = 0.65–0.98), respectively, while the results about peritoneal metastases in ovarian cancer were 0.98 (95% CI = 0.93–1) and 0.71 (95% CI = 0.55–0.86). Compared with 18F-FDG PET/CT, 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR exhibited a better sensitivity in peritoneal involvement of ovarian cancer with a relative risk of 0.24 (95% CI = 0.09–0.40) and P = 0.002.

Conclusion

68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR displayed a superior sensitivity over 18F-FDG PET/CT in detecting metastatic lesions of ovarian cancer. However, there was insufficient evidence to favor the superiority of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR in LNM of CC. Further studies are needed for evaluating primary and metastatic lesions of 68Ga-FAPI PET CT/MR in different GC.
Comparative analysis of low-power versus high-power holmium laser enucleation of the prostate for symptomatic small-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia: a prospective randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gao Zhixiang , Ding Yue , Liu Haiyong , Du Renji , Sun Zhiwei , Xu Li , Gu Lijuan , Wang Ping , Wang Rong
Published: December 2024

Objective

To compare the safety and efficacy of low-power (LP) and high-power (HP) holmium laser enucleation of the prostate (HoLEP) in patients with symptomatic small-volume benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Methods

In this prospective, multicenter, single-blind, randomized controlled trial, men with symptomatic BPH (prostate volume <40 mL, peak urinary flow rate [Qmax] <10 mL/s, International Prostate Symptom Score [IPSS] ≥18) underwent either LP (24 W) or HP HoLEP (80 W). The primary outcome was IPSS at 6 months postoperatively. Secondary outcomes included the surgical duration, total laser energy, enucleated prostate weight, patient-reported outcomes, and Clavien–Dindo classification of complications at 1, 3, and 6 months after surgery.

Results

Eighty-one participants completed the study. LP HoLEP used significantly less energy (22.4 ± 10.4 kJ vs. 58.6 ± 17.8 kJ). Postoperative pain was lower in the LP group at 24 and 48 hours. Both groups displayed significant improvements in outcomes versus baseline including IPSS and Qmax. The incidence of intraoperative complications was similar, though minor capsular perforation occurred exclusively in the HP group (9.8%).

Conclusion

LP HoLEP produced comparable clinical outcomes as HP HoLEP for small-volume BPH while using less energy, supporting its use for smaller glands.
Effects of sulphur content and cooling rate on the precipitation characteristics of MnS in high-sulphur peritectic steel
Authors: Liu Peng , Cai Zhaozhen , Zhu Miaoyong
Published: December 2024

In this article, the precipitation characteristics of MnS in typical sulphur-containing peritectic steels at different sulphur contents (0.005% and 0.05%) and cooling rates (3 °C/s, 8 °C/s, 13 °C /s and 18 °C /s) are studied using high-temperature laser confocal microscopy. Thermodynamic calculations and experimental results show that at a cooling rate of 18 °C /s, MnS formation increases from 0.012% to 0.15% as sulphur content in steel rises from 0.005% to 0.05%. This is because when the sulphur content is ≥0.012%, a large number of MnS single-phase inclusions can be precipitated at the end of solidification; when the sulphur content is <0.012%, only a small amount of MnS–Al2O3 composite inclusions can precipitate from the solid phase after solidification. Fe–MnS pseudo-binary phase diagram and experimental results indicate that for high-sulphur steel ( wS = 0.05%), rod-like MnS inclusions averaging 8.2 μm form at a cooling rate of 3 °C /s, whereas spherical inclusions averaging ≤3.9 μm occur at cooling rates of ≥8 °C /s. This occurs because the S- and Mn-rich liquid phase from the monotectic reaction can create rod-like MnS inclusions via eutectic reaction at cooling rates ≤3 °C /s, while rapid solidification at ≥8 °C /s leads to spherical inclusions. At the same time, the existence of Mn depleted zone (MDZ) can promote the formation of grain boundary ferrite around MnS single-phase inclusions and acicular ferrite around Al2O3–MnS composite inclusions.
Why aren’t published works cited? Exploring the influences of bibliographic characteristics on uncitedness phenomenon in social sciences and arts and humanities
Authors: Lin Angela , Cui Jingjing , Hu Zewen
Published: December 2024

The uncitedness phenomenon was noticed in the 1960s, and Hamilton’s seminal paper in 1991 on uncitedness provoked debate about uncited scientific work. Uncitedness is usually associated with poor quality and zero-impact papers, but some have argued that the community has been misguided to think uncited papers are intellectually worthless. This study aims to help arts and humanities and social sciences scholars take necessary measures to avoid uncitedness by examining the relationship between uncitedness and document features, including document type, publication language, the number of authors, the length of the document, and the number of references. The study collected publications in information science and library science, economics in social sciences, and history and philosophy in arts and humanities. The publication period was from 1997 to 2016, and the citation window was 5 years. In total, we retrieved 653,796 documents from the Web of Science database. The results show inverse relations between uncitedness and document length, number of authors, and number of references. The findings suggest more uncited papers in arts and humanities than in social sciences. The findings also confirmed that the number of uncited research articles, reviews, and proceeding papers had decreased steadily from 1997 to 2016.
An application of solvent and thermal treatment to recover materials from photovoltaic module encapsulated with polyolefin elastomer
Authors: Zubas Aistis Rapolas , Pitak Inna , Denafas Gintaras , Griškonis Egidijus , Kruopienė Jolita
Published: December 2024

High-quality recycling of photovoltaic (PV) modules starts with a delamination process. It aims to remove the encapsulation layer between glass and solar cells. Many studies have investigated the delamination of ethylene-vinyl acetate encapsulant, whereas the delamination of polyolefin elastomer (POE) encapsulation in solar modules remains a research gap. This study presents methods of solvent and thermal treatment for the separation of layers in a PV module encapsulated with POE polymer. Various organic compounds were tested for the solvent treatment. The results showed that most of the solvents did not separate the materials. However, with some of them, polymer swelling was achieved. Glycerol was the only solvent capable of separating glass from multi-material laminate. The separated glass does not include contaminants and is therefore suitable for the use as a secondary material. However, the solar cells remained encapsulated in the polymer, thus additional processing is needed to remove it. The time and solvent temperature for glycerol treatment were measured. The thermal treatment was conducted based on the results of thermogravimetric analyses, which determined the degradation of POE under heating conditions. Thermal treatment at 500°C for 1 hour in an air atmosphere was found to be the effective way to detach PV layers. Glass, solar cells and metal ribbons were separated without polymer contamination and are therefore suitable for further use.
Increasing the Effectiveness of Job Advertisements: How the Use of Imagery Language Impacts Perceived Organizational Attractiveness
Authors: Somers Shaldeen , Desmidt Sebastian
Published: December 2024

Although effective job advertisements play a critical role in generating sufficient interest in potential applicants to actively pursue further relations with a public organization, insights on how such job advertisements need to be formulated in order to impact organizational attractiveness are limited. Therefore, this study examines if and how the use of imagery language in mission statements embedded in job advertisements is a valuable pathway to increase the effectiveness of job advertisements. The focus on mission statements is motivated by the fact that the service and society-oriented focus of public organizations is a distinguishing characteristic that can be a strength in a competitive job market. Based on two randomized survey-experiments using the same design (196 bachelor and 703 final-year students), we found that imagery language in mission statements initiates an underlying motivational process in which person-organization fit and mission valence are reinforced, resulting in higher levels of perceived organizational attractiveness.
Exploring the Correlations Between Language Impairments, Central Auditory Processing Disorder, Neuropsychiatric Functions, and Seizure Timing in Children With Self-Limited Epilepsy With Centrotemporal Spikes
Authors: Tin Oğuzhan , Saltık Sema , Kara Halide Çetin , Koyuncu Zehra , Sak Kevser , Sarı Aysun Ayaz , Doğangün Burak , Güler Serhat
Published: December 2024

Background

Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes often face language impairments and central auditory processing difficulties. The correlations between these issues, seizure timing, and neuropsychiatric challenges are not fully understood. This study delves into the connections between language impairments and central auditory processing difficulties in cases with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes, examining their links with seizure occurrence and neuropsychiatric function.

Materials and Methods

Patients with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes were categorized based on seizure timing: group 1 experienced seizures postbedtime, and group 2 prewaking. Both, alongside controls, underwent the Turkish Expressive and Receptive Language Test (TIFALDI) for language skills, and the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests for central auditory processing difficulties. Neuropsychiatric assessments involved the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Revised, the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, the Conners Parent Rating Scale–Revised Short, and the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–11.

Results

The study comprised 56 patients with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (ages 6-13) and 32 healthy controls. Both groups significantly lagged behind controls on the Frequency Pattern and Duration Pattern tests ( P < .001). In the TIFALDI, the expressive language scores varied between group 1 and controls ( P = .04) but not the receptive language scores or the test’s expressive and receptive language results between group 2 and controls ( P > .05). In the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, group 1 diverged from controls in behavioral and kind and helpful behavior scores ( P = .016 and P = .012). Group 1's Barratt Impulsiveness Scale–11 values surpassed controls’ ( P = .038).

Conclusion

Children with self-limited epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes have a high central auditory processing difficulties prevalence, regardless of seizure timing. Those with postsleep seizures tend to confront expressive language difficulties, alongside issues in prosocial behavior and impulsivity.
Organizational Metrics of Technology Use and the Transparency Paradox
Authors: Weber Matthew S. , Treem Jeffrey W.
Published: December 2024

Metrics are increasingly used by organizations to communicate and evaluate how employees’ actions align with organizational goals. In practice, metrics provide a mechanism for making some work visible, but in doing so can create a paradox whereby it is more difficult to understand what behaviors are contributing to outcomes. This study focused on the use of TechMetric, a composite score reflecting online behaviors at Beta Corp., a large multinational technology-consulting organization. Ethnographic research captured the communication surrounding the introduction of TechMetric. Our findings showed that the implementation of TechMetric created situations in which the use of metrics communicated a shift in what managers prioritized and ultimately discouraged desired behaviors and undermined optimal work routines. This research makes an important contribution to the study of organizational metrics by illustrating how the measurement of workers’ behaviors can enact distinct tensions. Further, the communicative efforts to navigate those tensions can produce paradoxical outcomes.
Multi-modality NDE fusion using encoder–decoder networks for identify multiple neurological disorders from EEG signals
Authors: Jain Shraddha , Srivastava Rajeev
Published: December 2024

Background

The complexity and diversity of brain activity patterns make it difficult to accurately diagnose neurological disorders such epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease. Integrated and effective analysis of multiple data sources is often beyond the scope of traditional diagnostic procedures. With the use of multi-modal data, recent developments in neural network approaches present encouraging opportunities for raising diagnostic accuracy.

Objectives

A novel approach has been proposed toward the integration of different Nondestructive Evaluation data with EEG signals for improving the diagnosis of neurological disorders such as stroke, epilepsy, Parkinson's disease, and schizophrenia, by leveraging advanced neural network techniques in order to improve the identification and correlation of shared latent features across heterogeneous NDE datasets.

Methods

We determined the 2D scalogram images using a specific encoder-decoder neural network after transforming the EEG signals using wavelet signal processing. Several NDE data types can be easily integrated for thorough analysis due to this network's ability to extract and correlate important aspects from each form of data. Aiming to uncover common patterns indicating of neurological disorders, the technique was evaluated on datasets containing EEG signals and corresponding NDE data.

Results

Our method demonstrated a significant improvement in diagnostic accuracy and efficiency. The encoder-decoder network effectively identified shared latent features across the heterogeneous NDE datasets, leading to more precise and reliable diagnoses. The fusion of multi-modality NDE data with EEG signals provided a robust framework for the automatic identification of multiple neurological disorders.

Conclusions

This innovative approach represents a substantial advancement in the field of neurological disorder diagnosis. By integrating diverse NDE data with EEG signals through advanced neural network techniques, we have developed a method that enhances the accuracy and efficiency of diagnosing multiple neurological conditions. This fusion of multi-modality data has the potential to revolutionize current diagnostic practices in neurology, paving the way for more precise and automated identification of neurological disorders.