bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Chemical and Structural Properties of 2-Aminobenzylamine Derivatives
Authors: El-Shaieb Kamal M. , Jones Peter G.
Published: July 2013

We report a conventional and simple method to synthesize quinazoline and benzodiazepine derivatives by treatment of 2-aminobenzylamine (1) with several p-electron-deficient compounds. Quinazoline derivatives were obtained by treatment of 1 with either tetracyanoethylene or 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane. Benzodiazepine derivatives were formed when 1 was reacted with either 2,3- dichloro-1,4-naphthoquinone or 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone. Fused quinazoline and benzoazepine derivatives were formed by dry heating of 1 with either naphthalic anhydride, cis- 1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride, tetrachlorophthalic anhydride and/or diphenic anhydride, respectively. The NMR spectra and the mass spectrometric data as well as elemental analyses of all new products are consistent with the proposed structures. The structures of the quinazoline derivatives 26 and 28 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray structure determination. Plausible mechanisms for the formation of several products are discussed.
Identidades intransigentes em A pianista de Elfriede Jelinek
Authors: Mathias Dionei
Published: July 2013

Este artigo tem por fim refletir sobre o processo de construção de identidade no romance A Pianista, escrito por Elfriede Jelinek. Nele, a autora austríaca cria personagens cujas identidades podem ser caracterizadas como discursos repressivos e autoritários que procuram impor sua interpretação de realidade por meio de mecanismos de vigilância e uso de violência. Palavras já não representam um instrumento de diálogo, mas sim de poder intransigente. Seu questionamento implica perseguição.
Memórias da repressão: uma leitura de Amada, de Toni Morrison
Authors: Silva Ívens Matozo , Umbach Rosani Ketzer
Published: July 2013

A memória no ambiente ficcional vem sendo um tema amplamente discutido na atualidade por apresentar o passado de minorias sociais silenciadas pelo uso do poder e da dominação. Motivadas pela luta para que tais experiências não caiam em um completo esquecimento, as configurações literárias de memória assumem papel cada vez maior na atualidade. É neste contexto que se insere a obra Amada, de Toni Morrison, que apresenta um resgate da experiência afro-americana do período anterior e posterior à escravidão através de memórias. Tendo em vista tal característica, o presente artigo tem por objetivos analisar o romance de acordo com os conceitos de memória subterrânea, traumática e coletiva, além de verificar quais seriam as funções dos processos mnemônicos presentes na narrativa. Para tanto, serão utilizados como referenciais teóricos Pollak, Halbwachs e Candau.
Representações das condições de vida dos negros nos cronistas do período da abolição e nos diários de Carolina Maria de Jesus
Authors: Coronel Luciana Paiva
Published: July 2013

O trabalho apresenta uma descrição das dificuldades de sobrevivência da população negra no contexto histórico que se seguiu à Abolição da escravatura, no final do século XIX, a partir de relatos de cronistas, viajantes e autores da época. Oferece igualmente um paralelo entre a situação dos ex-escravos no cenário em que o trabalho livre era instaurado no Brasil e a situação dos negros no período mais contemporâneo dos anos 50, em que o país se industrializava e modernizava, a partir dos diários da papeleira mineira Carolina Maria de Jesus, autora de Quarto de despejo, publicado em 1960.
The Importance of an Ergonomic Workstation to Practicing Sonographers
Authors: Baker Joan P. , Coffin Carolyn T.
Published: July 2013

Musculoskeletal disorders have been described in a number of professions over the years. They are defined as injuries that are caused by or aggravated by workplace activities, and they account for up to 60% of all workplace illnesses. They are known by different names, such as musculoskeletal disorder, repetitive strain injury, cumulative trauma disorder, and repetitive motion injury. Musculoskeletal disorders have only been identified in sonographers since 1997 but are increasing in incidence. Surveys done among American and Canadian sonographers in 1997 showed an 84% incidence; however, this incidence had increased to 90% by 2008. Understanding the importance of optimal body mechanics and how to maintain neutral postures will enable sonographers to reduce the risk factors associated with their profession. Even with the most advanced equipment, an ergonomic workstation is only as effective as the person using it.
Precision Imaging of Focal Liver Lesions
Authors: Yazgan Cisel , Akata Deniz , Ozmen Mustafa , Karcaaltincaba Musturay
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to compare the Precision Imaging sonographic technique (Toshiba Medical Systems Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) with conventional sonography of liver lesions in terms of lesion conspicuity, margin sharpness, overall image quality, and posterior enhancement.

Methods

Sixty‐nine focal liver lesions in 60 patients (age range, 14–76 years; mean age, 43 years) were prospectively evaluated. Each lesion was examined with Precision Imaging and conventional sonography. All images were reviewed and graded on a 3‐point scale by 2 readers for lesion conspicuity, margin sharpness, and overall image quality. Posterior acoustic enhancement was also analyzed in cystic lesions. A Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for statistical comparisons of the techniques for all parameters.

Results

Statistical analysis showed that for margin sharpness, lesion conspicuity, and overall image quality, Precision Imaging was superior to conventional sonography (P< .05). In addition, according to lesion types and dimensions, Precision Imaging was significantly superior to conventional sonography for all parameters. For posterior enhancement, there was no significant difference between Precision Imaging and conventional sonography (P ≥ .05).

Conclusions

In sonography of focal liver lesions, Precision Imaging provides better lesion conspicuity, better margin sharpness, and better overall image quality than conventional sonography. With respect to posterior enhancement of cystic lesions, Precision Imaging is not significantly different from conventional sonography. Precision Imaging may be used as a complementary method in the sonographic evaluation of focal liver lesions.
Accuracy of Sonographic Diagnosis of Superficial Masses
Authors: Wagner Jason M. , Lee Kenneth S. , Rosas Humberto , Kliewer Mark A.
Published: July 2013

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to retrospectively review the diagnostic accuracy of sonography in the evaluation of superficial masses with surgical and histologic findings as the reference standard.

Methods

Institutional Review Board approval was obtained, informed consent was waived, and Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act compliance was maintained. Seventy‐two superficial masses in 62 patients were examined sonographically by a single radiologist (reader 1) and subsequently underwent surgical therapy. Three radiologists experienced in sonography, blinded to the original interpretation and surgical findings, retrospectively and independently reviewed the sonographic images and assigned the cases to 1 of 14 diagnostic categories. For all lesions, the rendered diagnosis was compared with the reference standard to determine concordance. For the specific diagnosis of lipoma, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were assessed for all readers individually and collectively.

Results

Surgery and histolopathologic analysis yielded 39 lipomas, 6 hernias, 4 foreign bodies, 4 hemangiomas, and 19 other nonlipomatous lesions, including 1 malignancy. The rendered diagnosis was concordant with the reference standard in 93% of cases for reader 1 and in 89% of cases for all readers. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for the diagnosis of lipoma were 92%, 100%, and 96% for reader 1 and 96%, 97%, and 96% for all readers.

Conclusions

Sonography has high accuracy in the evaluation of superficial masses, particularly lipomas.
Social and epidemiological research on alcohol: Research presented at meeting of the Kettil Bruun Society between between 1983 and 2010.
Authors: Garretsen Henk , Audenaerdt Miranda , Van de Goor Ien , Van de Mheen Dike , Roeg Diana , Van der Sar Rosalie , Schoenmakers Tim
Published: July 2013

Garretsen, H., Audenaerdt, M., van de Goor, I., van de Mheen, D.,  Roeg, D., van der Sar, R. & Schoenmakers, T. (2012). Social and epidemiological research on alcohol: Research presented at meeting of the Kettil Bruun Society between 1983 and 2010. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 1(1), 95-110. doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.44  (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v1i1.44)Aims: To study developments in the research agenda on social and epidemiological research on alcohol between 1983 and 2010, as presented at meetings of the Kettil Bruun Society (KBS).Design and Setting: All papers presented at all annual meetings of the KBS between 1983 and 1993 are reviewed with regard to the content of the papers, the research methods used, the country of origin and demographic characteristics of the presenters. KBS papers from the years 2002/2003 and 2009/2010 are compared with those from 1983 to 1993 to determine changes in research authorship, methodology and/or focus.Results and Conclusions: Both in the period 1983 to 1993 and in the years 2002/2003 and 2009/2010, many papers describe general drinking patterns and/or alcohol problems. In all three research periods approximately 40% of the papers are based on surveys. However, some clear changes can be distinguished with regard to the research fields addressed and the research methods used. There seems to be increasing attention to multi-method studies and the combination of quantitative and qualitative research. In addition, methodologies have become more advanced and more varied over the years. Results show a continuous increase in the number of researchers (particularly female) submitting papers. Between 1983 and 1993 almost all participants came from North America (the United States and Canada) and Europe, especially the Nordic countries. In 2009/2010 researchers from many more countries were involved.
Symposium Abstracts: Alphabetical by Author A-E
Authors: Editor IJADR
Published: July 2013

Global Footprints of Travelling Cultural Image - The 38th Annual Symposium of KBS, Stavanger, Norway, 4-8 June 2012doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i2.137
Symposium Abstracts: Alphabetical by Author R-Z
Authors: Editor IJADR
Published: July 2013

Global Footprints of Travelling Cultural Image - The 38th Annual Symposium of KBS, Stavanger, Norway, 4-8 June 2012doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v1i2.140
Alcohol as a public health risk: New evidence demands a stronger global response
Authors: Room Robin
Published: July 2013

Room. R. (2013). Alcohol as a public health risk: New evidence demands a stronger global response. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 7-9.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.134  (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.134)Alcohol ranks third as a risk factor for health in the Comparative Risk Assessment (CRA) in the Global Burden of Disease analyses for 2010.  New analyses of alcohol’s role in tuberculosis and in the course of HIV/AIDS add diseases especially important in low- and middle-income countries to the picture.  A meta-analysis of price elasticity of alcohol in such countries draws together evidence relevant to a policy response, while illuminating the thinness of coverage for much of the world.  Alcohol is arguably the most complex risk factor, with links to more than 200 ICD codes. The abundance of alcohol references in the report of the CRA study reflects the strength and breadth of the findings on alcohol’s adverse effects on health. The CRA findings point to the need for a stronger global public health response on alcohol issues.
Elasticity of alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and drinking initiation in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sornpaisarn Bundit , Shield Kevin , Cohen Joanna , Schwartz Robert , Rehm Jürgen
Published: July 2013

Sornpaisarn, B., Shield, K. Cohen, J., Schwartz, R. & Rehm, J. (2013). Elasticity of alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and drinking initiation in low- and middle-income countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Alcohol and Drug Research, 2(1), 45-58.  doi: 10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.50 (http://dx.doi.org/10.7895/ijadr.v2i1.50)Aim: To systematically review research outlining the effects of price and taxation on alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and drinking initiation in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC).Design: The systematic review and meta-analyses were conducted according to internationally standardized protocols (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; PRISMA). Data were collected up to June 2011 by searching the peer-reviewed article databases MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, and EconLit, along with the World Health Organization’s gray literature Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects, and by reference tracking. The meta-analyses were performed using random effects analysis, tests for publication bias, and sensitivity analyses.Measures: Any type of association between alcohol price and/or taxation and alcohol consumption, alcohol-related harms, and alcohol drinking initiation in LMIC.Findings: Our systematic search disclosed 12 studies that outlined an association between alcohol price or taxation and alcohol consumption in LMIC, while no articles were found that outlined a relationship between taxation and/or price and alcohol-related harms or drinking initiation in LMIC. The elasticity estimates were –0.64 (95% CI: –0.80 to –0.48) for total consumption of alcohol, –0.50 (95% CI: –0.78 to –0.21) for consumption of beer, and –0.79 (95% CI: –1.09 to –0.49) for consumption of other alcoholic beverages. Publication bias did not significantly affect the estimated elasticities.Conclusion: Price elasticity of demand for alcohol in LMIC is similar to that found in high-income countries. There is an imperative need for research on the association between alcohol price or taxation and alcohol-related harms and drinking initiation in LMIC.
Amine‐functionalization of the nanotitanate ETS‐2
Authors: Tanchuk Brenden , Sawada James A. , Kuznicki Steven M.
Published: July 2013

A series of nonporous, amine‐functionalized sodium titanates was prepared and the thermal and adsorptive behavior of the samples were characterized. Engelhard titanosilicate 2 was chosen as a substrate for its high surface area (∼300 m2/g), native surface hydroxyl concentration, and lack of microporosity; eliminating the risk of fouling the adsorbent under certain process conditions. Aminosilanes containing a single (N1), two (N2), and three (N3) amine groups were chemically grafted to the surface of the substrate and the adsorption capacity for CO2 measured through thermogravimetry‐mass spectroscopy (TG‐MS) desorption, volumetric adsorption, and gravimetric adsorption/desorption cycling. The N3 sample displayed complete monolayer coverage and was capable of adsorbing five times as much atmospheric CO2 as the N1 sample. Testing under anhydrous conditions only engages the primary amine on the tether and the data consistently suggests a correlation between amine utilization and the proportion of monolayer coverage for these adsorbents. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4727–4734, 2013
Determination of maximum turbulent energy dissipation rate generated by a rushton impeller through large eddy simulation
Authors: Soos Miroslav , Kaufmann René , Winteler Raphael , Kroupa Martin , Lüthi Beat
Published: July 2013

Large eddy simulation (LES) of a stirred tank equipped with a Rushton impeller and four cylindrical baffles was used to characterize the flow pattern and to assess the maximum turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate εmax. While the shorter baffle‐impeller distance significantly affects the radial velocity profile and the trailing vortices expansion, the flow field in the impeller vicinity is comparable to that of a standard setup with rectangular baffles connected to the wall. The phase‐resolved profile of εmax indicates its very strong variation from 10 · N3 D2 to 130 ± 13 · N3 D2. When using peak values of the corresponding hydrodynamic stress
, the maximum stable aggregate size measured in the same stirred tank closely correlates with breakage data obtained under laminar conditions using the same initial aggregates. This indicates that the same mechanism was involved in the aggregate breakup under both conditions, allowing us to predict aggregates breakup under various conditions. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3642–3658, 2013
Independence of active substance profiles from the pulse response experimental procedure
Authors: Phanawadee Phungphai , Pongboutr Nattapong , Yablonsky Gregory S. , Constales Denis , Jarungmanorom Chukiat , Soikham Watcharin , Limtrakul Jumras
Published: July 2013

Significance

The described computational experiment focuses on producing a controlled catalyst activity distribution. Using TAP technique, the activity profile on the solid catalytic material surface is created by adsorption of pulsed feed gas or the like process and is controlled by the total amount of pulsed gas following the coincidence property. The coincidence property is also applicable for other diffusion + irreversible adsorption processes like wet impregnation to prepare catalyst with nonuniform distribution of catalytic material. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3574–3577, 2013
Fluorescent hydroxyapatite‐loaded biodegradable polymer nanoparticles with folate decoration for targeted imaging
Authors: Pan Jie , Wan Dong , Bian Yuxia , Sun Hongfan , Zhang Chao , Jin Fengmin , Huang Zhiqi , Gong Jinlong
Published: July 2013

The preparation of the luminescent hydroxyapatite (HAP)‐loaded biocompatible nanoparticles (NPs) for targeted imaging of cancer cells is described. Currently, cellular imaging using fluorescent probes is an important technique for the early diagnosis of cancer. Compared with the quantum dots, luminescent HAP is a new fluorescent material with many advantages such as low toxicity, biocompatibility, thermal stability, resistance to erosion, and low prices. Thus, luminescent HAP has enormous potential to be used as biological fluorescent probes. However, luminescent HAP is water‐insoluble, low sensitivity, which limit its application in the field of cellular imaging. Surface modification of NPs with targeting molecule was carried out to achieve its target function. Thus, novel fluorescent NPs with low toxicity, high sensitivity, and good photostability were prepared to be used for targeted imaging of cancer cells. This study initially explored the applications of luminescent HAP in the field of targeted cellular imaging. This NPs platform will be a promising tool for molecular imaging and medical diagnostics, especially the detection of cancer at its early stage. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4494–4501, 2013
Effect of slip boundary conditions on the simulation of microparticle velocity fields in a conical fluidized bed
Authors: Bahramian Alireza , Olazar Martin , Ahmadi Goodarz
Published: July 2013

The hydrodynamic performance of micrometric TiO2 particles has been experimentally studied in a conical fluidized bed and the results compared with numerical simulations. Local solid velocities in the bed have been measured by means of an optical fiber technique under different operating conditions of particle loading and air velocity. The radial profiles of axial solid velocities have been simulated to assess the sensitivity of grid size, and different drag models, namely, those by Syamlal and O'Brien, Ahmadi and Ma, Arastoopour et al., and Gidaspow, for no‐slip, partial‐slip, and free‐slip boundary conditions (BCs). The different drag models record almost similar results, but those provided by the Gidaspow and Ahmadi–Ma models, together with free‐slip BCs, are in somewhat better agreement with the experimental data for conical fluidized beds with smooth walls. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 4502–4518, 2013
Searching for electric dipole moments
Authors: Jungmann Klaus
Published: July 2013

Searches for a permanent Electric Dipole Moment (EDM) of a fundamental particle provide a wide window for the discovery of potential New Physics. Within todays Standard Model in particle physics the well established violation of CP symmetry gives rise to EDMs which are several orders of magnitude below the present experimentally established upper bounds. On the other hand, EDMs appear quite naturally within many modern speculative theories, which have been suggested to improve the known shortcomings of the present Standard Model, e.g., the lack of giving reasons for certain established facts such as the mass hierarchy of the fundamental fermions or the number of three particle generations. They could be almost as large as the present experimental bounds. The speculative models provide for EDMs of different fundamental particles in specific ways. As there is no convincing indication, yet, which of the various extensions to the present standard theory may be more successful, a larger number of EDM searches is very well motivated. Still, even with the discovery of an EDM in one system several experiments will be required to pin down the precise nature and the underlying processes. Therefore searches are going on presently in a variety of systems, ranging from free leptons to complex condensed matter samples. These experiments utilize typically state of the art precision measurements which are often based on forefront technological developments. The experimental efforts are complemented and guided by the further development and refinement of particle theory. Here a few aspects of recent developments in this exciting field are summarized.
Movement patterns and habitat use of smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata, determined using pop‐up satellite archival tags
Authors: Carlson J. K. , Gulak S. J. B. , Simpfendorfer C. A. , Grubbs R. D. , Romine J. G. , Burgess G.H.
Published: July 2013

Research on rare and threatened species is often limited by access to sufficient individuals to acquire information needed to design appropriate conservation measures.

Using a combination of data from pop‐up archival transmitting (PAT) tags across multiple institutional programmes, movements and habitat use of endangered smalltooth sawfish, Pristis pectinata were determined for animals from southern Florida and the Bahamas.

All P. pectinata (n = 12) generally remained in coastal waters within the region where they were initially tagged, travelling an average of 80.2 km from deployment to pop‐up location. The shortest distance moved was 4.6 km and the greatest 279.1 km, averaging 1.4 km day‐1. Seasonal movement rates for females were significantly different with the greatest movements in autumn and winter.

Pristis pectinata spent the majority of their time at shallow depths (96% of their time at depths <10 m) and warm water temperatures (22–28°C).

Given sawfish show a degree of site fidelity punctuated by limited migratory movements emphasizes the need for conservation and management of existing coastal habitats throughout the species’ range.

Published 2013. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
Dedicated crops for advanced biofuels: Consistent and diverging agronomic points of view between the USA and the EU‐27
Authors: Zegada‐Lizarazu Walter , Parrish David , Berti Marisol , Monti Andrea
Published: July 2013

A concise and up‐to‐date review has been undertaken to summarize consistent or diverging agronomic points of view on dedicated energy crops for advanced biofuels in the USA and the EU‐27. The main purpose of this review is to discuss those crops where many agronomic constraints have been resolved, bringing them closer to large‐scale production and commercialization. Where possible, examples of crop management practices that would enhance sustainability and energy yields are provided. The most promising crops and agronomic strategies for their production in the EU‐27 and the USA are discussed. We also provide discussion of what the theoretically ideal characteristics of advanced biofuel crops might be. On both continents, understanding of management practices for switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus) as energy crops appears to be at an advanced stage. Two other widely considered energy crop candidates – sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) and reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea L.) – have production and management guidelines that were developed for forage uses, but can be easily applied to biomass feedstock production. Giant reed (Arundo donax L.) has been developed as a bioenergy crop mainly in Europe. In the USA, giant reed is considered a noxious weed in many states, and its planting is prohibited. Establishing crop management practices that will be successful at a large scale and for the long term will help attract growers and investors to produce advanced biofuels, i.e. second‐generation biofuels, which can help reduce our dependence on fossil energy sources. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Evaluating the effects of maternal exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene on oral clefts among offspring in Texas: 1999–2008
Authors: Ramakrishnan Anushuya , Lupo Philip J. , Agopian A.J. , Linder Stephen H. , Stock Thomas H. , Langlois Peter H. , Craft Elena
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND

There is evidence from previous studies that maternal occupational exposure to hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) is positively associated with oral clefts; however, studies evaluating the association between residential exposure to these toxicants and oral clefts are lacking. Therefore, our goal was to conduct a case‐control study examining the association between estimated maternal residential exposure to benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, and xylene (BTEX) and the risk of oral clefts among offspring.

METHODS

Data on 6045 nonsyndromic isolated oral cleft cases (3915 cleft lip with or without cleft palate [CL ± P] and 2130 nonsyndromic isolated cleft palate [CP] cases) delivered between 1999 and 2008 were obtained from the Texas Birth Defects Registry. The control group was a sample of unaffected live births, frequency matched to cases on year of birth. Census tract‐level estimates of annual average exposures were obtained from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 2005 Hazardous Air Pollutant Exposure Model (HAPEM5) for each pollutant and assigned to each subject based on maternal residence during pregnancy. Logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between estimated maternal exposure to each pollutant (BTEX) separately and the risk of oral clefts in offspring.

RESULTS

High estimated maternal exposure to benzene was not associated with oral clefts, compared with low estimated exposure (CL ± P adjusted OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.81 − 1.12; CP adjusted OR = 0.85; 95% CI = 0.67 − 1.09). Similar results were seen for the other pollutants.

CONCLUSION

In our study, there was no evidence that maternal exposure to environmental levels of BTEX was associated with oral clefts. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 97:532‐537, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Development and validation of a UPLC‐MS/MS method for the determination of 7‐hydroxymitragynine, a μ‐opioid agonist, in rat plasma and its application to a pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Vuppala Pradeep K. , Jamalapuram Seshulatha , Furr Edward B. , McCurdy Christopher R. , Avery Bonnie A.
Published: July 2013

A simple, sensitive and specific ultra‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC‐MS/MS) method was developed and validated to determine the concentrations of 7‐hydroxymitragynine in rat plasma. Following a single‐step liquid–liquid extraction of plasma samples using chloroform, 7‐hydroxymitragynine and the internal standard (tryptoline) were separated on an Acquity UPLCTM BEH C18 (1.7 µm, 2.1 × 50 mm) column using an isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.2 mL/min. The mobile phase consisted of 0.1% acetic acid in water and 0.1% acetic acid in acetonitrile (10:90, v/v). The run time was 2.5 min. The analysis was carried out under the multiple reaction‐monitoring mode using positive electrospray ionization. Protonated ions [M + H]+ and their respective product ions were monitored at the following transitions: 415 → 190 for 7‐hydroxymitragynine and 173 → 144 for the internal standard. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 10–4000 ng/mL (r2 = 0.999) with a lower limit of quantification of 10 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries ranged from 62.0 to 67.3% at concentrations of 20, 600 and 3200 ng/mL). Intra‐ and inter‐day assay precisions (relative standard deviation) were <15% and the accuracy was within 96.5–104.0%. This validated method was successfully applied to quantify 7‐hydroxymitragynine in rat plasma following intravenous administration. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A platform for fast screening potential anti‐breast cancer compounds in traditional Chinese medicines
Authors: Peng Zhang‐xiao , Wang Yan , Gu Xue , Wen Yuan‐yuan , Yan Chao
Published: July 2013

Several Chinese herbs, namely, Pu‐Gong‐Ying, Gan‐Cao, Chai‐Hu, Mu‐Xiang, Gua‐Lou and Huang‐Yao‐Zi, are frequently used in complex traditional Chinese medicing formulas for breast hyperplasia and breast tumor therapy. The pharmacological effects of these Chinese herbs are all described as ‘clearing heat‐toxin and resolving masses’ in traditional use. However, the chemical profiles of anti‐breast cancer constituents in these herbs has not been investigated so far. In this study, a bioactivity‐oriented screening platform, which was based on a human breast cancer MCF‐7 cellular model, semi‐preparative high performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet spectrophotometry and ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole‐time‐of‐flight mass spectrometer, was developed to rapidly screen the six Chinese herbs. Two potential anti‐breast cancer compounds, which were costunolide (Cos) and dehydrocostus lactone (Dehy), were identified in Mu‐Xiang. Combination of the two compounds showed a synergism on inhibiting the proliferation of MCF‐7 cells in vitro, which exhibits a potential application prospect for breast cancer therapy. This bioactivity‐oriented screening strategy is rapid, economical, reliable and specific for screening potential anti‐breast cancer compounds in traditional Chinese medicines. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Consideration of a new definition of clinically relevant myocardial infarction after coronary revascularization: An expert consensus document from the society for cardiovascular angiography and interventions (SCAI)
Authors: Moussa Issam D. , Klein Lloyd W. , Shah Binita , Mehran Roxana , Mack Michael J. , Brilakis Emmanouil S. , Reilly John P. , Zoghbi Gilbert , Holper Elizabeth , Stone Gregg W.
Published: July 2013

Numerous definitions have been proposed for the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI) after coronary revascularization. The universal definition for MI designates post procedural biomarker thresholds for defining percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI)‐related MI (type 4a) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)‐related MI (type 5) which are of uncertain prognostic importance. In addition, for both MI types cTn is recommended as the biomarker of choice, the prognostic significance of which is less well validated than CK‐MB. Widespread adoption of a MI definition not clearly linked to subsequent adverse events such as mortality or heart failure may have serious consequences for the appropriate assessment of devices and therapies, may affect clinical care pathways, and may result in misinterpretation of physician competence. Rather than employing an MI definition sensitive for small degrees of myonecrosis (the occurrence of which, based on contemporary large‐scale studies, are unlikely to have important clinical consequences), it is instead recommended that a threshold level of biomarker elevation which has been strongly linked to subsequent adverse events in clinical studies be used to define a “clinically relevant MI.” The present document introduces a new definition for "clinically relevant MI" after coronary revascularization (PCI or CABG) which is applicable for use in clinical trials, patient care, and quality outcomes assessment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: NaBa2Cu3S5: A Doped p‐Type Degenerate Semiconductor.
Authors: Sturza Mihai , Han Fei , Shoemaker Daniel P. , Malliakas Christos D. , Chung Duck Young , Jin Hosub , Freeman Arthur J. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: July 2013

The title compound is prepared from a mixture of Cu, Na2S, BaS, and S (Pyrex tube, 500 °C, 4 d, 75% yield) and characterized by single crystal and powder XRD, SEM, Raman and IR spectroscopy, electrical and magnetic measurements, and DFT band structure calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Computationally Assisted Identification of Functional Inorganic Materials.
Authors: Rosseinsky Matthew J. , et al. et al.
Published: July 2013

A method for the computational identification of materials containing multiple atom types in multiple geometries by ranking candidate structures assembled from extended modules containing chemically realistic atomic environments is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of Novel p‐BiOI/n‐ZnTiO3 Heterojunction for Degradation of Rhodamine 6G under Visible Light Irradiation.
Authors: Reddy K. Hemalata , Martha Satyabadi , Parida K. M.
Published: July 2013

p‐BiOI/n‐ZnTiO3 heterojunctions with different compositions (10—90%) are prepared by addition of ZnTiO3 (obtained by a standard sol‐gel process) to an acidic aqueous Bi(NO3)3 solution and subsequent addition to an aqueous stoichiometric KI solution (30 min stirring at room temperature, 3 h aging).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Characterization of Zn3Ta2O8 Nanomaterials by Hydrothermal Method.
Authors: Birdeanu M. , Birdeanu A.‐V. , Gruia A. S. , Fagadar‐Cosma E. , Avram C. N.
Published: July 2013

Zn3Ta2O8 (I) nanopowder is synthesized by hydrothermal reaction of Ta2O5 and Zn(NO3)2 in a molar ratio of 1:3 (pH 7 adjusted with 10M NaOH, autoclave, 200 °C, 8 h) followed by annealing (1000 °C, 3 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Physical Properties of Sr2FeOsO6.
Authors: Paul Avijit Kumar , Jansen Martin , Yan Binghai , Felser Claudia , Reehuis Manfred , Abdala Paula M.
Published: July 2013

Polycrystalline Sr2FeOsO6 is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of SrO2, OsO2, and Fe2O3 (corundum containers in sealed quartz tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: δ‐Unsaturated γ‐Amino Acids: Enantiodivergent Synthesis and Cell Imaging Studies.
Authors: Kand Dnyaneshwar , Chauhan Dinesh Pratapsinh , Lahiri Mayurika , Talukdar Pinaki
Published: July 2013

The reaction of (E)‐allylic alcohol (VI) with trichloroacetonitrile followed by Overmann rearrangement of crude trichloroacetimidate in refluxing m‐xylene leads to (R)‐enantiomer of allylic trichloroacetamide (VIII), whilst the same reaction sequence of (Z)‐isomer (XIV) affords (S)‐enantiomer (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Carbolithiation of S‐Alkenyl‐N‐aryl thiocarbamates: Carbanion Arylation in a Connective Route to Tertiary Thiols.
Authors: Castagnolo Daniele , Foley Daniel J. , Berber Hatice , Luisi Renzo , Clayden Jonathan
Published: July 2013

S‐Alkenyl‐N‐arylthiocarbamates undergo carbolithiation with a range of organolithium reagents, generating benzyllithium intermediates in a stereospecific manner which may undergo N to C aryl migration to yield thiocarbamates with tertiary substituents.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Organocatalytic Michael Addition of Ketones to Nitroolefins in the Presence of Water.
Authors: Chen Qiankun , Qiao Yupu , Ni Bukuo
Published: July 2013

The catalytic system allows addition of cyclic ketones (I), (VI), and (VIII) to nitroolefins in aqueous media with high diastereo‐ and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Fast Reductive Amination by Transfer Hydrogenation “on Water”.
Authors: Lei Qian , Wei Yawen , Talwar Dinesh , Wang Chao , Xue Dong , Xiao Jianliang
Published: July 2013

The title reaction proceeds in a heterogeneous manner and allows unprecedentedly high substrate/catalyst (S/C) ratio.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carbonylative Sonogashira Coupling of Aryl Bromides via tert‐Butyl Isocyanide Insertion.
Authors: Tang Ting , Fei Xiang‐Dong , Ge Zhi‐Yuan , Chen Zhong , Zhu Yong‐Ming , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: July 2013

The simple and efficient method allows the preparation of a wide range of alkynones via alkynyl imines [cf.
ChemInform Abstract: [RuCl2(p‐Cymene)]2‐Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones under Ligand‐Free and Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xie Xiaomin , Fu Lei , Zhang Zhaoguo
Published: July 2013

A simple and efficient ruthenium‐catalyzed reaction for the synthesis of various substituted ketones is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A p‐Toluenesulfinic Acid Catalyzed Three‐Component Ugi‐Type Reaction and Its Application for the Synthesis of α‐Amino Amides and Amidines.
Authors: Saha Biswajit , Frett Brendan , Wang Yuanxiang , Li Hong‐yu
Published: July 2013

A mild and convenient method is developed for the synthesis of α‐amino amides via reaction of equimolar amounts of aldehydes, anilines, and isocyanates.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Asymmetric Alkylation Reactions for the Construction of Protected Ethylene‐Amino and Propylene‐Amino Motifs Attached to Quaternary Stereocenters.
Authors: Moss Thomas A. , Barber David M. , Kyle Andrew F. , Dixon Darren J.
Published: July 2013

A variety of racemic and chiral aziridines and racemic or chiral cyclic sulfamidates are used as nucleophiles in the ring opening reaction to construct the quaternary stereocenters in the substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: Superacid‐Promoted Dual C—C Bond Formation by Friedel—Crafts Alkylation and Acylation of Ethyl Cinnamates: Synthesis of Indanones.
Authors: Ramulu Bokka Venkat , Reddy Alavala Gopi Krishna , Satyanarayana Gedu
Published: July 2013

The method affords a series of 3‐substituted or 3,3‐disubstituted indan‐1‐ones.
ChemInform Abstract: Indoles Synthesized from Amines via Copper Catalysis.
Authors: Besandre Ronald , Jaimes Miguel , May Jeremy A.
Published: July 2013

N‐Substituted indoles are synthesized from primary amines through this new tandem reaction sequence.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Six‐Membered Spirocyclic Oxindoles with Five Consecutive Stereocenters in an Asymmetric Organocatalytic One‐Pot Michael/Michael/Aldol Addition Sequence.
Authors: Zhou Bing , Yang Yaxi , Shi Jingjing , Luo Zhi , Li Yuanchao
Published: July 2013

A convenient and efficient three‐component method allows the access to highly substituted spirocylic oxindoles, which are formed as mixtures of diastereomers such as (IV)‐(VI) with one isomer predominating.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantioselective Synthesis of Spiro[cyclohexane‐1,3′‐indolin]‐2′‐ones Containing Multiple Stereocenters via Organocatalytic Michael/Aldol Cascade Reactions.
Authors: Ghosh Arun K. , Zhou Bing
Published: July 2013

The reaction of oxindoles with dialdehydes in the presence of PRS provides the title compounds with moderate diastereoselectivity and excellent enantioselecvtivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Ugi‐Type Condensation of α‐Isocyanoacetamide and Chiral Cyclic Imine: Access to Asymmetric Construction of Several Heterocycles.
Authors: Xia Liang , Li Sheng , Chen Ruijiao , Liu Kai , Chen Xiaochuan
Published: July 2013

The title reaction allows a new and highly stereoselective access to oxazole derivatives of type (III) and (XIII).
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Ethynylpyridine‐Promoted Rapid Copper(I) Chloride Catalyzed Azide—Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction in Water.
Authors: Hiroki Hidekatsu , Ogata Kenichi , Fukuzawa Shin‐ichi
Published: July 2013

The catalyst system is generally highly active at room temperature.
ChemInform Abstract: Arylamine‐Catalyzed Enamine Formation: Cooperative Catalysis with Arylamines and Acids.
Authors: Deng Yongming , Liu Lu , Sarkisian Ryan G. , Wheeler Kraig , Wang Hong , Xu Zhenghu
Published: July 2013

The three‐component inverse‐electron demand aza‐Diels—Alder reaction of α,β‐unsaturated esters, cyclic ketones, and anilines is efficiently achieved under conditions A).
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed Cycloaddition Reaction of Diynes and Cyanamides at Room Temperature.
Authors: Wang Chunxiang , Wang Dongping , Xu Fen , Pan Bin , Wan Boshun
Published: July 2013

The system FeI2/dppp/Zn is found to be highly efficient for the [2 + 2 + 2] cycloaddition of diynes and cyanamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Pyrido[2,1‐a]isoindoles via Iron‐Mediated 2‐Arylpyridine C—H Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Liu Shan , Hu Xingen , Li Xinhua , Cheng Jiang
Published: July 2013

An interesting novel method is developed using Fe(II)‐catalyzed condensation of 2‐arylpyridines with α‐bromoacetophenone.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Functionalization of Tetrahydrofuran and 1,4‐Dioxane: Nickel‐Catalyzed Oxidative C(sp3)—H Arylation.
Authors: Liu Dong , Liu Chao , Li Heng , Lei Aiwen
Published: July 2013

The first nickel‐catalyzed oxidative arylation of C(sp3)—H bonds is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Benzo[b]selenophenes via Regioselective Intramolecular Transformation of 4‐(3‐Nitroaryl)‐1,2,3‐selenadiazoles.
Authors: Lyapunova Anna G. , Petrov Mikhail L. , Androsov Dmitry A.
Published: July 2013

Under oxidative conditions SNArH products are formed whereas under argon atmosphere SNArCl products are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: Introduction of Combustion Synthesis: Novel Routes to Novel Materials
Authors: Lackner Maximilian
Published: July 2013

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Michael—Dieckmann/Claisen Reaction of ortho‐Toluates — The Staunton—Weinreb Annulation
Authors: Donner Christopher D.
Published: July 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphaalkynes
Authors: Russell Christopher A. , Townsend Nell S.
Published: July 2013

Review: 27 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Multivalency in Heterogeneous Glycoenvironments: Hetero‐Glycoclusters, ‐Glycopolymers and ‐Glycoassemblies
Authors: Jimenez Blanco Jose L. , Ortiz Mellet Carmen , Garcia Fernandez Jose M.
Published: July 2013

Review: 60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and Their Derivatives
Authors: Bedford C. T.
Published: July 2013

Review: 58 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition Metal Mediated Fluorination, Difluoromethylation, and Trifluoromethylation
Authors: Jin Zhuang , Hammond Gerald B. , Xu Bo
Published: July 2013

Review: 149 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Amino Acid Derived Heterocyclic Chiral Auxiliaries: The Use of Oxazolidinones, Oxazolidinethiones, Thiazolidinethiones, and Imidazolidinones
Authors: Shamszad M. , Crimmins M. T.
Published: July 2013

Review: 95 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Protostane and Fusidane Triterpenes
Authors: Zhao Ming , Godecke Tanja , Gunn Jordan , Duan Jin‐Ao , Che Chun‐Tao
Published: July 2013

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Kinetics of Phase Transformations and of Other Time‐Dependent Processes in Solids Analyzed by Powder Diffraction
Authors: Leineweber Andreas , Mittemeijer Eric J.
Published: July 2013

Review: 128 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Evolution in Medicinal Chemistry of 3‐Ring‐Modified Camptothecin Analogues as Anticancer Agents
Authors: Huang Qingqing , Wang Lei , Lu Wei
Published: July 2013

Review: 133 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Radiolabeled Heterobivalent Peptidic Ligands: An Approach with High Future Potential for in vivo Imaging and Therapy of Malignant Diseases
Authors: Fischer Gabriel , Schirrmacher Ralf , Waengler Bjoern , Waengler Carmen
Published: July 2013

Review: ca. 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrochemically Prepared Solid‐Phase Microextraction Coatings
Authors: Aziz‐Zanjani Mohammad Ovais , Mehdinia Ali
Published: July 2013

Review: 104 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Study of Strong and Moderate Hydrogen Bonds within the Linear Response Theory: A Review
Authors: Ghalla Houcine , Issaoui Noureddine , Oujia Brahim
Published: July 2013

Review: 38 refs.
Kinetics of adsorption of phospholipids into monolayers containing surfactant protein C
Authors: Xue Wei‐Lan , Wang Dan , Qian Jia , Zeng Zuo‐Xiang
Published: July 2013

The kinetics of adsorption of phospholipids to the air/water interface at 20°C induced by surfactant protein C (SP‐C) was studied. A two‐step assumption was proposed to describe the mechanism of phospholipids adsorption: (1) diffusing of the lipid vesicles from the bulk to the subsurface, (2) forming the lipid–protein aggregations by interaction between phospholipids and SP‐C and spreading at the surface. On the basis of the change characteristic of surface pressure (π)–time (t) isotherm, the whole adsorption process was divided into three stages in which it is controlled by adsorption, diffusion and diffusion together with adsorption, respectively. The corresponding kinetic models were developed and verified by the experimental data reported in literature [Ross et al., Eur. Biophys. J. 2002;31:52–61]. The results show that the data corresponding to each stage can be described well by growth model (AAD% = 1.0%), diffusion model (AAD% = 4.1%), and the pseudo‐second‐order model (AAD% = 1.8%), respectively.
Frame Stability of Tunnel‐Structured Cryptomelane Nanofibers: The Role of Tunnel Cations
Authors: Gao Tao , Norby Poul
Published: July 2013

The role of tunnel K+ ions on the growth and stability of tunnel‐structured cryptomelane‐type MnO2 nanofibers (denoted as cryptomelane nanofibers hereafter) has been discussed by means of X‐ray diffraction and electron microscopy. Cryptomelane nanofibers with typical diameters of 20–80 nm and lengths of 1–6 μm have been synthesized by means of a simple hydrothermal reaction of KMnO4 and MnSO4 aqueous solutions at 140 °C. The growth of cryptomelane nanofibers under hydrothermal conditions follows a dissolution–recrystallization process and involves a morphological transformation from a layered precursor to the tunnel‐structured cryptomelane, in which the K+ ions play important roles in templating and stabilizing the tunneled framework. The presence of tunnel K+ ions also enhances the frame stability of the cryptomelane nanofibers at elevated temperatures. The formation of a layered KxMn2O4 (x ≈ 0.26) with a hexagonal phase structure has been observed at about 900 °C. The transformation from tunneled cryptomelane to layered KxMn2O4 also follows the dissolution–recrystallization growth mechanism, in which the diffusion of K+ ions at high temperatures represents a critical process. The topological correlation between the tunneled and layered MnO2 materials might provide useful information for the synthesis of MnO2 nanomaterials with controlled microstructures for different applications.
Copper‐Free Oxime–Palladacycle‐Catalyzed Sonogashira Alkynylation of Deactivated Aryl Bromides and Chlorides in Water under Microwave Irradiation
Authors: Buxaderas Eduardo , Alonso Diego A. , Nájera Carmen
Published: July 2013

Palladium‐catalyzed Heck alkynylation cross‐coupling reactions between terminal alkynes and deactivated aryl chlorides and aryl bromides can be performed in the absence of copper cocatalyst with water as solvent at 130 °C under microwave irradiation. An oxime‐derived chloro‐bridged palladacycle is an efficient precatalyst for this transformation with 2‐dicyclohexylphosphanyl‐2′,4′,6′‐triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos) as ancillary ligand, pyrrolidine as base, and SBDS as surfactant. All of the reactions can be performed under air and with reagent‐grade chemicals under low loading conditions (0.1–1 mol‐% Pd).