bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Stress on Students Academic Performance at Secondary School Level at District Vehari
Authors: Saqib Muhammad , Rehman Kaleem Ur
Published: February 2018

The title of the existing topic is “Impact of stress on student’s academic performance at secondary school level”. The important motives of this study are to explore the stress impact on the students’ academic performance. Stress has a key role in student’s academic performance. This study was to focus on the negative impact on the student’s academic performance. The purposes of the study were to investigate; firstly, the type of stress linked with student’s performance; secondly, to evaluate the impact of stress on the academic performances of students; and thirdly, differentiate the impacts of stress on the academic performances of both gender students. To achieve the above-mentioned objectives of the study, the researcher can suggest a reasonable solution for the impact of stress on student’s academic performance. The data collected for this topic, has been gathered from all the secondary schools in District Vehari.  In this study the researcher was taken a sample of (n=10) secondary schools from each Tehsil of District Vehari. The researcher was further divided (n=10) secondary schools into two groups (n=5) males and (n=5) female secondary schools. The researcher was taken (n=15) students from each secondary school selected as sample. The researcher was used simple random sampling technique for data collection. Five points Likert-scale used in this research. 99% respondents are responding about the factor of stress impact on their academic performance. After collecting data, it was analyzed by using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The tool (questionnaire) used for the collection data was 0.850 Cronbach alpha. In this study, different tests were applied as to factor analysis and regression. Generally, the major findings of study divulged that there are significant impacts of stress on student’s academic performance. This study concluded that major factors of stress among the students are teacher and parents.
Norway’s gender gap: classroom participation in undergraduate introductory science
Authors: Ballen Cissy J , Danielsen Marie , Jørgensen Christian , Grytnes John-Arvid , Cotner Sehoya
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: To assess the extent that gender disparities exist at the undergraduate level in STEM, we analyzed participation in three large introductory biology classes in Norway, a country with one of the highest ratings of gender equality in the world. Biology 100 is a traditionally taught lecture course for first year students that has one instructor, and employs diverse pedagogical techniques to increase engagement. Biology 102A and 102B are two immersive field courses for second year students; classes often take place in atypical teaching venues both indoors and outside. In Biology 100 and Biology 102B, we discovered that women participate less than would be expected given their numerical dominance, matching results from similar research conducted in the United States. In Biology 102A women participate the amount that would be expected given their numbers, and in no instances did we observe women speaking significantly more than would be expected. We discuss our results in the context of female success in STEM. If gender gaps in participation and performance are mutually reinforcing, educators seeking to promote women should address both factors simultaneously to maximize student achievement. Effective interventions are of critical importance for women in science, and have strong implications for the achievement of equity in STEM disciplines.
Individuell «automagisk» tilbakemelding på skriftlig eksamen
Authors: Mirmotahari Omid , Berg Yngvar
Published: February 2018

ABSTRACT: I denne artikkelen viser vi et nytt system for å kunne gi delvis automatisk og formativ tilbakemelding til studenter på skriftlig eksamen. Vi vil belyse en ny måte å gi individuell tilbakemelding rettet mot hver enkelt students læring og fremtidige eksamensforberedelser Den faglige tilbakemeldingen er utviklet for å gi studentene større mulighet til å reflektere over egen besvarelse. Systemet er bygd opp slik at det bare medfører marginalt økt tidsbruk for sensurering ved å bruke systemet. Avslutningsvis har vi tatt med studentenes tilbakemeldinger på verdiskapningen dette systemet gir.  Keywords: Digital vurdering, automatisk tilbakemelding, formativ tilbakemelding.
Fra lærerstyrt undervisning til varierte læringsformer
Authors: Jakobsen Anita Nordeng , Waldenstrøm Lene
Published: February 2018

Motivasjon er en av de viktigste faktorene for læring. Aktive og varierte læringsformer, samt bruk av formative og hyppige tilbakemeldinger er sentrale ingredienser for å skape motivasjon for læring. Dette var bakgrunnen for at emnet produktutvikling ved bachelorstudiet i matteknologi ved NTNU høsten 2015 ble lagt om fra å være et lærerstyrt teoretisk emne til å bli et emne som bruker aktiviserende og varierte læringsformer i kombinasjon med hyppige tilbakemeldinger fra lærere og medstudenter. Omleggingen var også basert på studentenes forventninger om en praktisk tilnærming til et emne i produktutvikling. Emnet fikk tittelen «Produktutvikling og sensorisk analyse - brygging av håndverksøl». Målet var å oppnå mer motiverte og engasjerte studenter, samt å forbedre studentenes akademiske prestasjoner. Undervisningsopplegget har elementer fra ulike didaktiske konsept; både problembasert læring, casemetoden, prosjektarbeid, forelesninger og arbeidslivsmedvirkning. Studentene har flere muntlige presentasjoner underveis i prosessen. Ølbrygging ble valgt som case fordi bryggeprosessen er tverrfaglig og krever at studentene bruker kunnskap ervervet i flere andre emner. Ølbrygging er en aktivitet som har oppnådd stor allmenninteresse de siste årene og kan av den grunn virke ekstra motiverende. Emneevalueringer basert på referansegruppemetodikk viste at studentene synes emnet ble engasjerende og at det praktiske arbeidet var appellerende og lærerikt. De hyppige direkte tilbakemeldingene ble trukket frem som positive. Mange av studentene rapporterte negative opplevelser knyttet til de muntlige fremføringene på forhånd, men endret mening etter gjennomføring. Læringsutbytte i emnet ble i gjennomsnitt skalert til 4,1 av maksimalt 5. De akademiske prestasjonene for de to kullene som har gjennomført emnet med studentaktivt undervisningsopplegg var signifikant bedre enn for de to forhenværende kullene. Erfaringene tyder på at studentene bør lære mer om gruppearbeid og hvordan konflikter i grupper skal håndteres. Lærerne opplevde at studentene viste eierskap til problemstillingen og at de viste høyt engasjement. Bruk av varierte og aktive læringsformer er motiverende, men også ressurskrevende for læreren.
Å tilrettelegge for at lektorstudenten lærer å lære fra seg i første semester
Authors: Hashemi Amir , Eriksdotter Eggereide Sigrun
Published: February 2018

Vi ønsker å dele erfaringer fra en workshop som har blitt arrangert for lektorstudentene som går sitt første semester på lektorutdanningen ved UiB, og tar fordypning i realfag og matematikk. Vi vil i denne artikkelen undersøke hvordan en studentaktiv metode kan bidra til lærerstudentenes profesjonsutvikling. Den studentaktive metoden vi referer til er den workshopen vi har arrangert, og målet var at den skulle bidra til at studentene fikk ferdigheter til å reflektere over sin egen læringsprosess, og pedagogisk, faglig og fagdidaktisk trygghet. Ønsket var at studentene også fikk erfare mestring og få trening i å kommunisere med deres lærende. Disse elementene kan gi studentene gode erfaringer med lærerrollen før hoveddelen av lærerpraksisen, som kommer først på fjerde året.
Efecto de la Sustitución de un Hidrolizado Enzimático de Levadura (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) como Medio de Cultivo para la Propagación In vitro de Henequén (Agave fourcroydes Lem.)
Authors: Malavert Cristian , Gonzales Gerardo
Published: February 2018

Los agaves son plantas tropicales de usos múltiples como la obtención de licores, el empleo artesanal de la fibra de sus hojas y el uso tradicional en la medicina. Sin embargo, es muy complejo establecer plantaciones grandes por métodos convencionales. El objetivo fue evaluar la respuesta morfogénica de brotes de henequén (Agave fourcroydes Lem.) cultivados en un medio donde se sustituyó una parte de la fuente de nitrógeno por una solución de hidrolizado de levaduras (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), como una alternativa para abaratar los costos de producción de vitroplantas. En una prueba inicial se utilizó el hidrolizado de levadura puro y a los porcentajes propuestos (12.5, 25.0 y 37.5%) con sacarosa (3%) y los reguladores de crecimiento (2,4-D 0.025 mg/L + BAP 10.0 mg/L) hubo 100% de mortalidad. Lo que más influyó negativamente durante la etapa de multiplicación en los explantes fue la fenolización. El hidrolizado activó la fenoloxidasa, ya que este producto posee compuestos fenólicos que son tóxicos, pues retrasan el crecimiento y desarrollo fisiológico de los explantes y disminuyen la supervivencia. Se concluye que la sustitución de una parte de la fuente de nitrógeno por una solución de hidrolizado de levaduras disminuye la eficiencia biológica en la propagación in vitro del henequén, motivado por una elevada mortalidad en los explantes y también se estimula la contaminación sistémica en presencia de los medios que tienen hidrolizado de levaduras.
Composición Florística de la Finca Agroecológica de Zamorano, Honduras: Una Experiencia del Programa Aprender Haciendo
Authors: Ferrufino–Acosta Lilian , Díaz Rina Fabiola , Benítez Nassar Denisse , Atao Flor de Rosa , García Chaclan Manuel , López Tania , Pilz George E.
Published: February 2018

La finca agroecológica de Zamorano está en el valle de Yeguare, San Antonio de Oriente, Departamento de Francisco Morazán, Honduras, es comanejada por la Escuela Agrícola Panamericana, Zamorano. Esta finca tiene como propósito reproducir un sistema agroecológico que garantice su estructura, funcionamiento y biodiversidad. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar su composición florística e identificar las especies de importancia ecológica y económica, así como su estado de conservación. Se identificaron 210 especies que pertenecen a 53 familias, las más comunes son Asteraceae, Fabaceae y Malvaceae. El 86% de las especies registradas son nativas, en su mayoría hierbas y árboles de importancia económica. Las especies más importantes son: Guazuma ulmifolia, Quercus oleoides, Luehea candida, Bursera simaruba, Mimosa tenuiflora, Verbesina punctata, Malvaviscus arboreus. Solo ocho especies se encuentran en la categoría de atención menor, según la lista roja de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN), y dos especies de orquídeas en la lista CITES. La finca agroecológica de Zamorano ofrece un potencial económico por las especies de uso medicinal, maderable y comestible. Además, este estudio florístico se considera una herramienta para la elaboración del plan de manejo de la finca.
La familia Tetrameristaceae descubierta en Honduras
Authors: Nelson Sutherland Cyril Hardy , Pérez Hélder Iván
Published: February 2018

Se registra por primera vez para Honduras el mangle Pelliciera rhizophorae Planch. y Triana, representando este un nuevo registro de género y de familia (Tetrameristaceae) para el país.
Los movimientos populares contra las políticas de austeridad económica en América Latina entre 1996 y 2001
Authors: Almeida Paul D.
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 177-189
Pedro Geoffroy Rivas, la poetización de la ciencia
Authors: Lara Martínez Rafael
Published: February 2018

No abstract available.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 86, 2002: 223-251
A Comparison of Abstract Writing Style Between English and Chinese
Authors: Zhou Xiaoying , Liao Hangjie
Published: February 2018

In this paper the authors conducted a comprehensive study on English abstract writing style. Abstraction is the process of forming a theoretical concept based on the observation and classification of object things. This concept has no definite denotation. However in specific situation it can be clearly understood. In English, writing an abstract expression has always been a very important part. However, Chinese is a language which seldom uses abstract writing style. In this paper the authors will make a comparison between English and Chinese languages about the use of abstract writing style.
Strategies for Better Learning of English Grammar: Chinese vs. Thais
Authors: Supakorn Patnarin , Feng Min , Limmun Wanida
Published: February 2018

The success of language learning significantly depends on multiple sets of complex factors; among these are language-learning strategies of which learners in different countries may show different preferences. Needed areas of language learning strategy research include, among others, the strategy of grammar learning and the context-based approach to learning strategies. To fill in these gaps, this study aimed at finding the grammar learning strategies adopted by high school students as well as exploring the national differences between Chinese and Thai students. The results showed that in general the strategies significantly taken up by the high achievers in the grammar test included the metacognitive, the memory, the social and the cognitive. In terms of the national differences, the strategies that characterized the Thai students were the social and the affective. Regarding the Chinese, even though they generally applied all strategy categories at lower frequencies, they were found to prefer different sub-strategies in the following three categories: memory (revision and space reliance), cognitive (note taking) and metacognitive (lesson preview). The findings lead to implications for learners of grammar, interesting future research in grammar strategies and culturally responsive grammar teaching.
Effect of Drying on Quality and Sensory Attributes of Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) Tea
Authors: Mabai Phumudzo , Omolola Adewale , Jideani Afam I. O.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of drying on quality and sensory attributes of lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) tea. Lemongrass (C. citratus) leaves were dried using four different drying methods: sun, solar, oven (40, 50, and 60°C), and microwave (50 W). Teas made from the grass were analyzed for colour, pH and sensory attribute. Data obtained were statistically analyzed using SPSS Version 23 one way analysis of variance and means were compared using Duncan multiple comparison test (p ˂ 0.05). Results obtained indicate that after drying the moisture content were significantly reduced. Ash content results showed no significant difference amongst lemongrass samples dried under difference drying methods. However, there was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the pH of tea made from the lemongrass dried under different drying methods. Results indicate that drying temperature and time are the main factors affecting the colour of dried lemongrass leaves for tea. There was a significant difference (p < 0.05) in the colour profile of the dried leaves. Sensory evaluation results showed that the colour, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability scores of tea from lemongrass dried with oven at 40°C was highest. The study revealed that oven drying at 40°C for 15 hours was found to be most suitable for drying of lemongrass leaves for tea production in order to retain appreciable sensory attributes.
Preparation of rare earth oxides from Synchysite oxidized ore by acid leaching
Authors: J Temuujin , G Burmaa , B Davaabal , Kim D S , Lee H J
Published: February 2018

Mixed rare earth oxides have been prepared from synchysite ore from the Lugiin gol rare earth deposit (Mongolia) which contains about 6% of cerium light rare earth elements. Ore powders were leached for up to 60 min using 80-120 g/l sulfuric acids at an acid to powder ratio of 20, agitation was performed by magnetic stirring followed by precipitation and calcination at 700°C for 1h. The highest leaching of REEs equal to 85% of the total REE was observed in the acid solution of 80 g/l. Obtained mixed rare earth oxides represent a layered type structure.
Kinetic study of Mongolian coals by thermal analysis
Authors: S Jargalmaa , G Tsatsral , M Battsetseg , D Batkhishig , A Ankhtuya , J Namkhainorov , B Bat-Ulzii , B Purevsuren , B Avid
Published: February 2018

Thermal analysis was used for the thermal characterization of the coal samples. The experiments were performed to study the pyrolysis and gasification kinetics of typical Mongolian brown coals. Low rank coals from Shivee ovoo, Ulaan ovoo, Aduun chuluun and Baganuur deposits have been investigated. Coal samples were heated in the thermogravimetric apparatus under argon at a temperature ranges of 25-1020ºC with heating rates of 10, 20, 30 and 40ºC/min. Thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) were performed to measure weight changes and rates of weight losses used for calculating the kinetic parameters. The activation energy (Ea) was calculated from the experimental results by using an Arrhenius type kinetic model.
Influence of compressing pressure on macro void formation of carbon monolith for methane adsorption
Authors: B Narandalai , Shim W G , Balathanigaimani M S , Moon H
Published: February 2018

Carbon monoliths for adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage were prepared from Mongolian anthracite-based activated carbons using carboxy-methyl cellulose as a binder under different compressing pressures. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption experiments were carried out to obtain the specific surface area, pore volume, and pore size distribution of the monoliths.  Methane adsorption experiments on the carbon monoliths were conducted at different temperatures and pressures up to around 3.5 MPa in a high pressure volumetric adsorption apparatus. As expected, adsorption results indicated that the methane adsorption capacity of the carbon monoliths increased with increasing specific surface area and packing density.  The maximum volumetric adsorption of methane was observed as 163 V/V at 293 K and 3.5 MPa on a carbon monolith sample, PMAC1/2-3-65, that does not have the highest specific surface area but relatively high packing density comparing with other monoliths, which implies that two physical properties contribute contradictorily to the methane adsorption capacity.  Based on experimental results, the carbon monoliths prepared from Mongolian anthracite-based activated carbons can be promising media for ANG storage application.
Moving Cast Shadow Detection
Authors: Amato Ariel
Published: February 2018

Motion perception is an amazing innate ability of the creatures on the planet. This adroitness entails a functional advantage that enables species to compete better in the wild. The motion perception ability is usually employed at different levels, allowing from the simplest interaction with the ’physis’ up to the most transcendental survival tasks. Among the five classical perception system , vision is the most widely used in the motion perception field. Millions years of evolution have led to a highly specialized visual system in humans, which is characterized by a tremendous accuracy as well as an extraordinary robustness. Although humans and an immense diversity of species can distinguish moving object with a seeming simplicity, it has proven to be a difficult and non trivial problem from a computational perspective.In the field of Computer Vision, the detection of moving objects is a challenging and fundamental research area. This can be referred to as the ’origin’ of vast and numerous vision-based research sub-areas. Nevertheless, from the bottom to the top of this hierarchical analysis, the foundations still relies on when and where motion has occurred in an image.Pixels corresponding to moving objects in image sequences can be identified by measuring changes in their values. However, a pixel’s value (representing a combination of color and brightness) could also vary due to other factors such as: variation in scene illumination, camera noise and nonlinear sensor responses among others. The challenge lies in detecting if the changes in pixels’ value are caused by a genuine object movement or not. An additional challenging aspect in motion detection is represented by moving cast shadows. The paradox arises because a moving object and its cast shadow share similar motion patterns. However, a moving cast shadow is not a moving object. In fact, a shadow represents a photometric illumination effect caused by the relative position of the object with respect to the light sources.Shadow detection methods are mainly divided in two domains depending on the application field. One normally consists of static images where shadows are casted by static objects, whereas the second one is referred to image sequences where shadows are casted by moving objects. For the first case, shadows can provide additional geometric and semantic cues about shape and position of its casting object as well as the localization of the light source. Although the previous information can be extracted from static images as well as video sequences, the main focus in the second area is usually change detection, scene matching or surveillance. In this context, a shadow can severely affect with the analysis and interpretation of the scene.The work done in the thesis is focused on the second case, thus it addresses the problem of detection and removal of moving cast shadows in video sequences in order to enhance the detection of moving object.
Effect of high-intensity interval training on anaerobic capacity in ITF taekwondo practitioners
Authors: Batra Amit , Zatoń Marek
Published: February 2018

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of high-intensity interval training on anaerobic capacity in taekwondo athletes.
Materials and methods. The study recruited 20 male International Taekwondo Federation-style practitioners that were randomly divided into an experimental (n=10) and a control (n=10) group. The control group (C) executed a regular training protocol (five 90-min sessions per week) involving traditional TKD methods and techniques for 8 weeks. During the same timeframe, the experimental group (E) followed the same TKD training regime as group C except two of the five sessions were substituted with
interval training-based TKD exercise involving 30 s of maximal kicking drills (round middle kick) separated by 90 s of rest. Anaerobic capacity and power were measured pre- and post-training by the 30-s Wingate cycle ergometer test.
Results. Post-training values of peak power, total work output, and time of sustained peak power increased only in group E. Group E was also characterized by a significant post-training increase in minute ventilation (VE) and blood lactate (LA-). No significant changes were observed in group C.
Connlusions. The inclusion of interval training-based exercise significantly enhanced anaerobic power and capacity in taekwondo practitioners.
Vliv kombinovaného vytrvalostního/silového tréninku na variabilitu srdeční frekvence u mužů s chronickou ischemickou chorobou srdeční
Authors: Tomíčková Jitka , Jančík Jiří , Dobšák Petr , Siegelová Jarmila , Panovský Roman
Published: February 2018

31 men with chronic coronary artery disease (mean age 64 ± 11 years, mean body weight 83 ± 10 kg, mean height 177 ± 6 cm, mean ejection fraction of left heart ventricle 47 ± 11%), were examined before and aft er three months lasting aerobic training combined (from 3rd week) with strength training. Symptom-limited spiroergometry was provided before and aft er the training period. Th e training (exercise unit) was performed three times a week. Before exercise testing, short-term heart rate variability (HRV) analyses of all subjects were obtained. Frequency domain HRV indexes were determined in the morning during quiet periods under metronome controlled breathing. Total power (TP), low-frequency spectral component HRV (LF, 0,05–0,15 Hz), high-frequency spectral component HRV (HF, 0,15–0,5 Hz) and lowfrequency-to-high frequency (LF/HF) ratio were measured for 5 minutes in the monitoring. Twelve weeks lasting combined endurance/strength training increased HRV (HF, LF and TP) in men with stable chronic coronary disease .
Porovnání vlivu hyperoxie na krátkodobý anaerobní výkon v nížině a vyšší nadmořské výšce
Authors: Suchý Jiří , Novotný Jiří , Tilinger Pavel
Published: February 2018

The article compares the infl uence of inhaling concentrated oxygen on short-term repeated performance in lowlands and at high altitudes above sea level (1 835 m a.s.l.). Th e source of concentrated oxygen was Oxyfi t. Th e subjects (n=10) completed a total of four tests comprised of two Wingate tests at a 10 minute interval. Two tests were carried out at a low altitude and two at a higher altitude above sea level. During the recovery period between tests the monitored subjects inhaled Oxyfi t or a placebo (at both the low and high altitudes). Th e study showed signifi cantly (p < 0.05) higher performance of the repeated Wingate test aft er inhaling concentrated oxygen in comparison with the placebo at both low and higher altitudes. Inhalation of concentrated oxygen aff ects performance to a greater extent at the higher altitude compared to that of the low altitude.
Analýza úrovne silových schopností synchronizovaných plavkýň
Authors: Labudová Jana , Matúš Ivan
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the results of the diagnostic strength capabilities of the upper limbs synchronized swimmer competing in two age groups. Th e level of physical development considered by BMI standards of normal population refl ects the requirements of sports in this aesthetic-coordination sport. We have used swimming ergometer (swimergo) to determine the level of strength and performance. Measurement results show a balanced level of strength parameters in the group. Statistically signifi cant relationship between maximum strength and performance of right and left arms, and dominance is refl ected in all members in right arm. Statistically signifi cant diff erences in results between the groups pointed to tendencies of growth strength and performance during arms stroke of the older female pupils to juniors and seniors.
Budoucnost olympismu?
Authors: Dovalil Josef , Rychtecký Antonín
Published: February 2018

The article briefl y reminds the original ideas of Pierre de Coubertin; they helped him to create a certain conception of Olympism (the unity of sport, education and culture) which became the ground of Olympic Movement and organization of Olympic Games in the New Era. Olympism is nowadays extended in the whole world and being accepted as a basic philosophy of modern sport. It contributes signifi cantly to enhance as constituting a full-value component of culture. Th e authors present some symptom of modern often very pragmatic sport and the reasons of the changes in it. Th ey indicate the necessity to formulate - in a new situation - the values, purpose and aims of sport in preserving and enriching the principal Olympic values. Such substantiation appears as not only a theoretical requirement, it is in interest of sport itself. Sport deserves not only a public recognition and support since it is satisfying diff erent social interests, but it cultivates members of democratic societies in the sense humanistic desiderata. Th e system of Olympic values may contribute to those ideas, based on Coubertin visions, enriched by so far obtained experience and interpreted in the contemporary conditions. Olympism in the widest sense of sport practice and as a philosophy of sport may at those conditions fi nd its proper place in the future social development.
Socializace sportem
Authors: Flemr Libor , Valjent Zdeněk
Published: February 2018

Present days, oft en called Information Age, or Computer Age are characterized by the decrease of natural social interaction between people. Th us the social potential of sports activities is shift ing to the centre of scholar’s attention. Not only the worldwire spread, popularity, active participating and its media coverage make sports the social phenomenon of the day. Various aspects of sport make it possible to infl uence the society and visa versa. Th e research of socializing power of sports has traditionally diff ered between socializing into sports, socializing during sports, or through sport and fi nally socializing directly in sports. However nowadays, the width of sport disciplines that involves wide range of physical activities at various intensity levels makes it almost impossible to make any generalizations based on results coming from more sport fi elds (individual, collective) and foremost performance levels (recreational, performance level, top athlete level). Moreover, reasons for getting involved in sport activities can be rather individualized. Th is implies foremost the necessity to off er kids and the youth colourful variety of sport activites in all performance levels.
Porovnanie plus/mínus bodov a hernej efektivity pri hodnotení individuálneho herného výkonu v basketbale
Authors: Argaj Gustáv
Published: February 2018

The paper deals with the results of research of evaluation of basketball individual game play performance. The subject of the paper has its importance for basketball coaches and players. Th e fi rst main purpose of the process of the evaluation is to give the most unprejudiced and the most exact information about the player’s individual game play performance. Th e second one is to provide with pedagogical feedback information, which help to raise the effi ciency of the training process. Th e aim was to enlarge knowledge about the evaluation of basketball individual game play performance and compare it with method plus/minus points. We used basic methods of pedagogical research when getting the data and we use basic statistical methods during the process of interpretation. Th e Slovak top-level men’s basketball games were the object of the research. Th e comparison of the order of players´ individual game play performance has showed that the methods are not the same. Th e results of the research imply that the method of evaluation basketball individual game play performance evaluates diff erent qualities of player’s individual game play performance than the method plus/minus points. Th e method of evaluation of the eff ectivity of basketball individual game play performance determines the eff ectivity of the player during the game and the method of plus/minus points indicates the contribution of player to the team performance. Th is means that the method of plus/minus points evaluates the activities which cause the positive and negative changes of the score diff erential of the match, too. When evaluating the basketball individual game play performance we recommend to use not only the method of evaluation of game play performance, but the method plus/minus points, too.
Úroveň rychlostních schopností děvčat šestých tříd na základní škole s rozšířenou výukou tělesné výchovy
Authors: Vala Roman , Valová Marie , Litschmannová Martina
Published: February 2018

This report sums up the results of our research, carried out between the years 2000 and 2009, into the sprinting abilities of year six female students undergoing additional physical education classes. Test results of motor skills are an important source of information which can be further used in structuring the process of physical education and sports training. Moreover, such tests can be widely used in physical education research, in physical training practice and as a means of selecting students gift ed at sports. In total, 104 female secondary school students were tested. In brief, it is possible to conclude that throughout the period of our research, these year six female students had statistically signifi cant diff erences sprinting abilities. Th is is an important fi nding for trainers and teachers as sprinting ability has a great impact not only on other athletic disciplines but also plays a role in other fi elds of sport. Our research results can be compared to those of other year six students of similarly specialized schools in tests of sprinting abilities (50 metres sprint).
Názory trenérů lyžařů běžců na přípravu ve vyšší nadmořské výšce
Authors: Chrástková Martina , Suchý Jiří
Published: February 2018

Questions regarding higher altitude training application of performance in cross country skiing is much discussed theme of coaches, sportsmen and other specialists. Elemental pieces of knowledge in literature are summarised in theoretical section of article. Mean part of this thesis present practical knowledge and experiences of successful trainers of cross country skiing. Answers have been detected during qualitative structured interview with open questions. All respondents have confi rmed principles of acclimatization to higher altitude which are presented in literature. Controlled interviews are very interesting and from my point of view bringing some information which have not been published.
Optimalizace odhodové vzdálenosti pro test přesnosti hodu na cíl u mládeže věkové kategorie 11–14 let
Authors: Zahradník David , Vaverka František
Published: February 2018

Throw accuracy is not being currently quite developed within school PE lessons; it is being developed only as part of skills of a particular sports discipline. Th is shortcoming may stem from the lack of a suitable test assessing this skill. In the literature we have seen only three throw accuracy tests intended for school youngsters (Bös 2001, Mecner 1975, Měkota; Blahuš 1983). Th ese tests consist of a few repeated series of throws, failing to distinguish a throwing distance for boys and girls and even age groups, and requiring a rather complicated graphic record of successful target hits that cannot be assessed easily and quickly during a PE lesson. Th e purpose of the study is to create a test of measuring throw accuracy at a target eliminating the aforementioned shortcomings. Th e optimisation of a throwing distance is based on the condition of a normal Gaussian distribution of data related to individual throwing distances, and on the condition that an average number of target hits within a concrete throwing distance will be close to 7.5 target hits. To assess the importance of the diff erence of the observed throwing distances one-factor ANOVA (One Way Analysis of Variance) was used. Th e assessed group consisted of 105 boys and 114 girls of three randomly selected schools in Ostrava between 11 and 14 years old. Th ree throwing distances were determined (boys 6; 8; 10 m, girls 3.5; 5.5; 7.5 m) in combination with a vertical round target of 0.7 m in diameter. Th e tested person used an overarm throwing technique and made 20 throws for each throwing distance. Th e test score was the number of the target hits from the 6th - 20th throw (training: 1st -5th throw). Th e optimum throwing distances were identifi ed for the accuracy test of a target throw for boys of the 11-12 year category (6 m), 13-14 year category (8 m), for girls of the 11-12 year category (5.5 m), 13-14 year category (7.5 m) while using a target of 0.7 m in diameter.
Účinky tchaj-ťi čchüan na autonomní nervové regulace u studentů Masarykovy univerzity
Authors: Ondruška Titus , Novotný Jan
Published: February 2018

Taijiquan is scientifically studied from many views of it’s positive infl uence on human health. Taiji as an exceptable intensity form of aerobic exercise for middle age and old people. Taiji as a form of exercise benefi cial for general inprovement of motor function at seniors. Taiji and balance control at old persons in connection to falls. Infl uence of taiji practise on the quality of sleep at people with sleep disturbances. In prosecution to many experiments specialized on the positive eff ect of taijiquan on the heart function (for example taiji and it’s harmonizing eff ect on blood preasure) we have realised an experiment focused on the connection of taiji practise and autonomous regulation of heart function. We tried to prove that one year long practise of a particular form of taiji has the eff ect on the autonomous regulation of the heart. Especially on higher activity of parasympathetic system – nervus vagus. Th is eff ect have been proved by Väänänen at al, 2002 at the level of short-time change. We have used system VariaCardio TF-4 with telemetric transmision of the pulse rate able to measure and analyse spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Participants were 32 Masaryk university students aged between 19 and 25. Th e data we have collected prove that we do not disapprove hypothesis of the infl uence of taijiquan practise on the activity of nervus vagus. Thus we have succeeded in proving the eff ect of taiji on heart regulations even at young people.This fi ndings can even support the idea of using taiji as an eff ective and at the same time available form of training of cardiovaskular system at poeple suff ering from diseases of this kind.
Hodnocení vlivu vzdělání na soběstačnost a mobilitu seniorů
Authors: Vejrážková Bohumila
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to determine the infl uence of level of education to the self-suffi ciency and mobility in seniors, and to map the prevalence of disability and mobility limitations in both elderly men and women. For this study we compiled a random selection of people over 75 years. Th ey were tested with the “Get up and go“ test to assess their habitual mobility and by using the Barthel index, we set their level of dependence in ADL (activities of daily living). Th rough a personality questionnaire, we obtained personal data on the subjects. Using statistical methods, we compared the data obtained from the tests with the personal data from the researched group. Data is still being obtained and processed, therefore we only have preliminary conclusions.
Problematika skupinové koheze v psychologii sportu
Authors: Šiška Pavol , Slepička Pavel
Published: February 2018

The article presents a review of research on group cohesion; an important social-psychological construct especially relevant to sport psychology where group cohesion is often considered as a crucial factor in the performance of sport teams. First, the article focuses on theoretical approaches to a delimitation of group cohesion as a diverse construct which has been defined in various ways. The article also shows the importance of cohesion and its dynamics in the field of sport where especially the performance in the team sports seems to be directly related to the relative level of group cohesion. Furthermore, the article presents diagnostic possibilities of group cohesion useful in coaching practice and compares the results of various research applications of these methods in the field of sport. Finally, the authors suggest possible directions in further research of this construct which has not been sufficiently studied in the Czech context.
Smečované podání u volejbalistů kategorie kadetů
Authors: Zahálka František , Malý Tomáš , Čada Miroslav , Malá Lucia
Published: February 2018

The aim of the study was to determine the relationship between jump serve velocity achieved in contact with the ball and a model height of the jump as an indicator of explosive strength of lower extremities and to correlate these values. The monitored group consisted of 169 players (n = 172, age 15.95 ± 0.75 year, body height 185.44 ± 6.9 cm, body weight 71.92 ± 7.92 kg). Before the measurement, the players undertook a jump test, when, in a model situation, they attempted to achieve maximum jump height after a run-up. The highest serve velocity value was 105.9 km.h-1, while the lowest value was 56.3 km.h-1 (difference by 46.8 %). The measured maximum values were transformed into percentile norms (50th percentile P50 = 79.9 km.h1 ). Percentile distribution for jump serve velocity and the jump enables us, with respect to a relatively high number of tested players, to consider the stated values as normative and to compare other players, as well. It appears that the correlation of jump height is a good indicator of the dispositions for jump serve implementation in terms of the ball velocity.
Kineziologická a kinematická analýza tenisového podání pomocí povrchového EMG a SIMI Motion – kazuistika
Authors: Bernaciková Martina , Hlaváčová Silvie , Kalichová Miriam
Published: February 2018

In the introduction, we described determinants of performance and we completely characterize the tennis serve. In our research, we carry out a kinematic and kinesiology analysis of tennis serve. Measurements were performed using 3D kinematic analysis system SIMI Motion and kinesiological analysis using DATA LOGGER MIE device, which measures the surface tension of the muscle. The result of the work can provide appropriate advice on treatment quality and the techniques of tennis serve which is clearly the most important tennis stroke.
Síla odrazu běžců na lyžích u vybraných technik běhu
Authors: Korvas Pavel , Suchý Jiří
Published: February 2018

The contribution is the descriptive study which is dealing with the basic kinetic characteristics of main cross country ski skating techniques. We observed and analysed the leg force during the stroke for open fi eld skating or V1 and V2 skating. Next we studied the time of the stroke (kick). Th e measurement was made with the help of the system Pedar [Novel, GER]. Our observed group created the high performance level competitors, who`s placed till 25th in the SLCR ranking. We found out the various fi gures of maximal force for both technique, usually higher for open fi eld and V1 technique than for V2 skating, the higher force during the skating on the fl at terrain than on the slope for training and race speed. Th e average value of maximal force on the fl at terrain during open fi eld or V1 skating were 1,2 – 1,5 multiple of body weight (BW), for V2 skating we found 1,1 – 1,4 (BW). In the uphill the value were 1,2 – 1,4 (BW) for open fi eld or V1 skating and 1 – 1,2 (BW) for V2.
Telesné zloženie a distribúcia tekutín u vrcholových hádzanárok
Authors: Malá Lucia , Malý Tomáš , Zahálka František , Tůma Martin , Teplan Jaroslav
Published: February 2018

The topic of body composition in sport requires a great deal of attention. Excessive adipose tissue acts as a dead weight, especially in situations characteristic for handball – jumps, when body weight must be repeatedly lift ed against gravity during locomotion and jumping. Th e purpose of the study was to determine body composition and distribution of liquids in individual body segments in a national team of female handball players (n = 16, age 24,0±3,5 years, body height 176,0±6,5 cm, body weight 72,5±8,3 kg). Body composition was measured by means of a multifrequency bioimpedance method InBody (Biospace). Th e examined parameters were the following: absolute and relative amount of fat free mass (FFM and  FFM/BW), percentage of fat mass (FM), absolute and relative amount of body cell mass (BCM and BCM/TH), total body water (TBW) distinguishing extracellular water (ECW) and intracellular water (ICW) and distribution of body liquids in individual segments. In the monitored group, we recorded the mean value of TBW = 42,58±3,99. Th e mean value of ICW was 28,92±2,53 l (67.92 %). Th e mean value of ECW was 13.66±1,57 l (32,08 %). FM made 20,16 ± 4,08 %. FFM for the whole sample was 57,82±5,27 kg; in relative values it was 0,80±0,04. Th e mean proportion of BCM in the monitored group was 40,47±3,55 kg, in relative values 0,56 ± 0.03. Monitoring distribution of liquids in the extremities showed a signifi cant diff erence only in the upper extremities (t15 = 5,95; p 0,01). In the lower extremities, we found out an equal proportion of liquids with an insignifi cant diff erence between the observed segments (t15 = 0,41; p > 0,05). Individual parameters of body composition indicate values corresponding to elite sport. Interindividual assessment revealed diff erences in terms of player’s function; however, when assessing parameters of body composition, it is not possible to express clearly the trend in dep endence on player’s function. Results of our study may help as a certain top standard for comparison of body composition in female players of a lower performance level with the aim of optimization and compensation of diff erences.
Fair play ve světle problémů současného sportu
Authors: Sekot Aleš
Published: February 2018

Sport as social and cultural phenomenon plays globally an important role in traditional form of unique physical activity, but also as spectator form of mass culture fascinating growing number of people of all cultural levels, races, political and religious orientation. Sport is growing its importance on the level of policy of mutual understanding of nations and its educational role generates above all in broader context the canon of fair play and olympism. Sport has socializational impact on the level of leisire physical activity as well in relevant context of high performance elite sport. Growing importance of maximal performance, victory, records and reward brings forth also new dimensions and apprehension of sport ethic and as a consequence puts before the sport public new perpectives of olympic education with accordance of fair play spirit. In such context we face new challenges not only on the fi eld of physical education, but in all-round attitude to elite top sport.
Komparace vybavenosti žáků 9. tříd klíčovými kompetencemi k učení a řešení problémů
Authors: Maleňáková Šárka
Published: February 2018

The article deals with the question whether the new reform of education will bring a better and more effective learning process for pupils involved in the development of life skills (key competencies) which are critical these days. Th e author compares the results of the education process in the fi eld of key competencies included in two education programmes at elementary schools following in close succession - the „Elementary School Programme“ and „General Education Programme for Basic Education” and/or “Th e School Education Programme”. Th e research was conducted in the year 2009 when the last 9th grade pupils were instructed according to the Primary School Programme while 14 pilot schools throughout the Czech Republic implemented and tested the fourth year of teaching according to their own education programmes. For the comparison of the above mentioned education programmes an empirical method of non-standardized questionnaire was selected. Th e non-standardized questionnaire was based on a research and scientifi c Key Competencies Questionnaire supplied by the SCIO organization. Testing the diff erences between the programmes in particular items was carried out using the Pearson’s chi-square test of contingency tables. Results showed insignifi cant diff erences in the respective questionnaire items, therefore, education programmes must pass through a long evaluation and assessment process to meet expected targets. Th e fi nal section of the article is focused on the assessment of problems with introducing the General Education Programme for Basic Education to school syllables. Th e author presents recommendations for teachers at elementary schools and for academic staff preparing future teachers at universities.
Porovnanie úspešnosti basketbalovej streľby vzhľadom na rôznu intenzitu zápasového zaťaženia
Authors: Vencúrik Tomáš
Published: February 2018

This article compares successfulness of shooting in relation to the diff erent intensity of game load in girl’s basketball team. To determine the heart rate’s range in fi ve bioenergetics’ zones the fi gures for maximum heart rate from endurance shuttle run test were used. Each player’s heart rate during the shooting attempt in the game was monitored by telemetric device. Th e highest number of shooting attempts were recorded in the 4th (23,08 %) and the 5th (44,23 %) zone, which shows high physiological demands during the game. Th e successfulness of shooting varied in each bioenergetics’ zone. Th e lowest successfulness of shooting was reached in the 2nd (25 %) zone, during light aerobic workout and the highest successfulness in 3rd (66,66 %) during intensive aerobic workout. In 4th and 5th zone the successfulness was 41,65 % and 43,5 %, where the energy for muscle activity is released in aerobic-anaerobic or anaerobic manner.