bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foveated 3D range geometry compression via loss-tolerant variable precision depth encoding
Authors: Schwartz Broderick S. , Finley Matthew G. , Bell Tyler
Published: October 2022

The capacity of three-dimensional (3D) range geometry acquisition
methods to capture high-precision scans at high frame rates increases
every year. These improvements have influenced a broadening range of
disciplines to implement 3D range geometry capture systems, including
telepresence, medicine, the visual arts, and many others. However, its
increased popularity, precision, and capture rates have caused
mounting pressure on the storage and transmission of 3D range
geometry, thus straining their capacities. Compression techniques seek
to alleviate this pressure by offering reduced file sizes, while
maintaining the levels of precision needed for particular
applications. Several such compression methods use sinusoidal
modulation approaches to encode floating-point 3D data into
conventional 2D red, green, and blue (RGB) images. In some
applications, such as telepresence, high precision may only be
required in a particular region within a depth scan, thus allowing
less important data to be compressed more aggressively. This paper
proposes a feature-driven compression method that provides a way to
encode regions of interest at higher levels of precision while
encoding the remaining data less precisely to reduce file sizes. This
method supports both lossless and lossy compression, enabling even
greater file-size savings. For example, in the case of a depth scan of
a bust, an algorithmically extracted bounding box of the face was used
to create a foveated encoding distribution so that the facial region
was encoded at higher precisions. When using JPEG 80, the RMS
reconstruction error of this novel, to the best of our knowledge,
encoding was 0.56 mm in the region of interest, compared to a
globally fixed higher precision encoding where the error was
0.54 mm in the same region. However, the proposed encoding
achieved a 26% reduction in overall compressed file size compared to
the fixed, higher-precision encoding.
TransUNet-based inversion method for ghost imaging
Authors: He Yuchen , Zhou Yue , Yuan Yuan , Chen Hui , Zheng Huaibin , Liu Jianbin , Zhou Yu , Xu Zhuo
Published: October 2022

Ghost imaging (GI), which employs speckle patterns and bucket signals to reconstruct target images, can be regarded as a typical inverse problem. Iterative algorithms are commonly considered to solve the inverse problem in GI. However, high computational complexity and difficult hyperparameter selection are the bottlenecks. An improved inversion method for GI based on the neural network architecture TransUNet is proposed in this work, called TransUNet-GI. The main idea of this work is to utilize a neural network to avoid issues caused by conventional iterative algorithms in GI. The inversion process is unrolled and implemented on the framework of TransUNet. The demonstrations in simulation and physical experiment show that TransUNet-GI has more promising performance than other methods.
2D optical confinement in an etchless stratified trench waveguide
Authors: Reddy Jay W. , Nelson Sarah , Chamanzar Maysamreza
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate novel trapezoidal and rectangular stratified trench optical waveguide designs that feature low-loss two-dimensional confinement of guided optical modes that can be realized in continuous polymer thin film layers formed in a trench mold. The design is based on geometrical bends in a thin film core to enable two-dimensional confinement of light in the transverse plane, without any variation in the core thickness. Incidentally, the waveguide design would completely obviate the need for etching the waveguide core, avoiding the scattering loss due to the etched sidewall roughness. This new design exhibits an intrinsic leakage loss due to coupling of light out of the trench, which can be minimized by choosing an appropriate waveguide geometry. Finite-difference eigenmode simulation demonstrates a low intrinsic leakage loss of less than 0.15 dB/cm. We discuss the principle of operation of these stratified trench waveguides and present the design and numerical simulations of a specific realization of this waveguide geometry. The design considerations and tradeoffs in propagation loss and confinement compared with traditional ridge waveguides are discussed.
Simulating topological phases with atom arrays in an optical waveguide
Authors: Wang Da-Wei , Zhao Cheng-Song , Chao Shi-Lei , Peng Rui , Yang Junya , Yang Zhen , Zhou Ling
Published: October 2022

In this paper, we employ the atomic arrays in one-dimensional optical waveguides to simulate topological phases, where the waveguide is modeled as a one-dimensional infinitely long coupled cavity array. Under the Markov approximation, the coherent and dissipative coupling between atoms is established by eliminating waveguide modes. When the detuning between atoms and cavity fields lies in the band gap, the dynamics of the system is completely dominated by the coherent interaction. Under this condition, we designed three atomic arrays with different geometries and show that the topologically trivial and non-trivial phases of atomic arrays can be simulated. Furthermore, by introducing periodic atomic driving, the topological phase transition can be induced by adjusting the driving parameters. Finally, we investigate the effect of next-nearest neighbor interactions on topological state transfer and find that the next-nearest neighbor interactions break the degenerated bandgap state and establish a topological state transfer channel.
Optical classification of an urbanized estuary using hyperspectral remote sensing reflectance
Authors: Turner Kyle J. , Tzortziou Maria , Grunert Brice K. , Goes Joaquim , Sherman Jonathan
Published: October 2022

Optical water classification based on remote sensing reflectance (Rrs(λ)) data can provide insight into water components driving optical variability and inform the development and application of bio-optical algorithms in complex aquatic systems. In this study, we use an in situ dataset consisting of hyperspectral Rrs(λ) and other biogeochemical and optical parameters collected over nearly five years across a heavily urbanized estuary, the Long Island Sound (LIS), east of New York City, USA, to optically classify LIS waters based on Rrs(λ) spectral shape. We investigate the similarities and differences of discrete groupings (k-means clustering) and continuous spectral indexing using the Apparent Visible Wavelength (AVW) in relation to system biogeochemistry and water properties. Our Rrs(λ) dataset in LIS was best described by three spectral clusters, the first two accounting for the majority (89%) of Rrs(λ) observations and primarily driven by phytoplankton dynamics, with the third confined to measurements in river and river plume waters. We found AVW effective at tracking subtle changes in Rrs(λ) spectral shape and fine-scale water quality features along river-to-ocean gradients. The recently developed Quality Water Index Polynomial (QWIP) was applied to evaluate three different atmospheric correction approaches for satellite-derived Rrs(λ) from the Sentinel-3 Ocean and Land Colour Instrument (OLCI) sensor in LIS, finding Polymer to be the preferred approach. Our results suggest that integrative, continuous indices such as AVW can be effective indicators to assess nearshore biogeochemical variability and evaluate the quality of both in situ and satellite bio-optical datasets, as needed for improved ecosystem and water resource management in LIS and similar regions.
Simulating spatiotemporal dynamics of ultra-intense ultrashort lasers through imperfect grating compressors
Authors: Li Zhaoyang , Liu Jun , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin , Li Ruxin
Published: October 2022

The upcoming 100 Petawatt (PW) laser is going to provide a possibility to experimentally study vacuum physics. Pulse compression and beam focusing, which can be affected by the spatiotemporal coupling, are two key processes of generating a 100 PW laser and then determine whether its physical objective can be achieved or not. We improved our previous model of the spatiotemporal coupling where only the grating wavefront error and the output optical field of a common compressor configuration were included, and in the improved model, the grating amplitude modulation, the spatio-spectral clipping, and the optical field inside the compressor were added. By using it, we theoretically investigated the spatiotemporal dynamics of an ultra-intense ultrashort laser passing through an imperfect grating compressor for different cases, especially the spatio-temporal/spectral coupling and the on-target intensity variation induced by the phase and amplitude modulation at different grating positions in two different compressor configurations. This study is of importance for both engineering development and physical application of the upcoming Exawatt-class laser.
Solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence imaging spectrometer: design, manufacture, and evaluation
Authors: Yu Lei , Zheng Shanshan , Feng Hai-sheng , Wang Tao , Lin Jing , Wu Su
Published: October 2022

A scientific imaging spectrometer has been presented for the observation of solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence of vegetation in NIR waveband, which may provide a new method to scale SIF application from leaf to canopy for the research of terrestrial vegetation photosynthesis. The SIF imaging spectrometer accommodates a telescope with a medium spatial resolution (1 mrad) over a field of view of 20°, a high spectral resolution (0.3nm) to measure the fluorescence spectrum within two oxygen absorption bands (O2A and O2B), and a high numerical aperture (0.25) for high SNR. Both of transmission optical systems, with high etendue and dispersive prism-VPH grating (P-G) with high diffraction efficiency, have been utilized for the optical design of imaging spectrometer. The design and prototype present excellent optical performances as demonstrated by the latest simulation and calibration. The in-situ observation proves that the advanced SIF imaging spectrometer could provide precise fluorescence data. The instrument will highlight SIF signal retrieval strategies, techniques for field and airborne and satellite sensing, and applications of these capabilities in evaluation of photosynthesis and stress effects for fluorescence science.
Enhanced self-powered ion-modulated photodetector based on an asymmetric composite structure of superionic conductor RbAg4I5 and graphene
Authors: Wang Pengfei , Huang Duanhao , Liu Hao , Liu Yu , Yin Jun , Huang Feng , Sun Jia-Lin
Published: October 2022

Traditional strategies for self-powered devices face limitations in performance improvement due to the trade-off relationship between different parameters. Here, a new kind of ion-modulation self-powered photodetector is first proposed and fabricated by depositing superionic conductor RbAg4I5 on one side of monolayer graphene. The graphene homojunction is successfully formed at the boundary of the asymmetric structure due to the formation of bound states of ions and electrons at the contact interface. This kind of homojunction avoids the trade off between response parameters of traditional self-powered devices because the dissociation of bound states under light irradiation dominates the generation of a photocurrent. The experimental results indicate that the prepared photodetector can achieve great photo response with responsivity of 20 mA/W and a response speed of 700 µs for ultraviolet and visible light when no bias is applied, which is better than most existing graphene-based self-powered devices in single or overall parameters. Further, a semi-quantitative model is systematically established according to the internal mechanism and realizes a good consistency with experimental results. The work provides a new idea and offers the foundation to develop excellent self-powered devices based on superionic materials with good properties in controllability and modulation.
High-peak-power picosecond deep-UV laser sources
Authors: Cui Zijian , Sun Mingying , Liu De’an , Zhu Jianqiang
Published: October 2022

Ultrafast deep-UV laser sources have extensive applications across a wide number of fields, whether biomedicine, photolithography, industrial processing, or state-of-the-art scientific research. However, it has been challenging to obtain deep-UV laser sources with high conversion efficiency and output peak power. Here, we simultaneously demonstrated high-peak-power picosecond deep-UV laser sources at two typical wavebands of 263.2 and 210.5 nm via the efficient fourth- and fifth-harmonic generation. The highest peak power of 263.2 and 210.5 nm laser radiations were up to 2.13 GW (6.72 ps) and 1.38 GW (5.08 ps). The overall conversion efficiencies from the fundamental wave to the fourth and fifth harmonic were up to 42.9% and 28.8%, respectively. The demonstrated results represent the highest conversion efficiencies and output peak powers of picosecond deep-UV laser sources at present to our knowledge. Additionally, we also systematically characterized the deep-UV optical properties of typical birefringent and nonlinear borate crystals, including α-BaB2O4, β-BaB2O4, LiB3O5, and CsLiB6O10 crystals. The experiments and obtained numerous new optical data in this work will contribute to the generation of ultrahigh-peak-power deep-UV and vacuum-UV laser sources and crucial applications in both science and industry, such as high-energy-density physics, material science, and laser machining.
Electrically induced adiabatic frequency conversion in an integrated lithium niobate ring resonator
Authors: He Xiaotong , Cortes-Herrera Luis , Opong-Mensah Kwadwo , Zhang Yi , Song Meiting , Agrawal Govind P. , Cardenas Jaime
Published: October 2022

Changing the frequency of light outside the laser cavity is essential for an integrated photonics platform, especially when the optical frequency of the on-chip light source is fixed or challenging to be tuned precisely. Previous on-chip frequency conversion demonstrations of multiple GHz have limitations of tuning the shifted frequency continuously. To achieve continuous on-chip optical frequency conversion, we electrically tune a lithium niobate ring resonator to induce adiabatic frequency conversion. In this work, frequency shifts of up to 14.3 GHz are achieved by adjusting the voltage of an RF control. With this technique, we can dynamically control light in a cavity within its photon lifetime by tuning the refractive index of the ring resonator electrically.
Dual-modality hyperspectral microscopy for transmission and fluorescence imaging
Authors: Zhang Shuyan , Xin Cheng Joseph Yong , Chua Jian Jun , Li Xiuting , Olivo Malini
Published: October 2022

Conventional color imaging provides information in the red, green, and blue (RGB) channels with limited resolution in the spectral domain. This could lead to poor sensitivity in imaging biological samples. In fluorescence imaging, the use of multiple fluorophores is often necessary to label proteins and DNAs for in vivo experiments. Crosstalk between fluorophores can be troublesome because it is challenging to differentiate each fluorophore when their emission spectra are overlapped. To help address these issues, we developed a dual-modality hyperspectral microscopy system that combines hyperspectral imaging and microscopy imaging to provide spatial and spectral information of the samples. The dual-modality feature allows us to study biological samples and fluorescent samples using the same system. We show that applications of the system enable: the identification of different tissue and cell structures; identification of each quantum dot fluorophore, calculation of their relative proportions at each location, and elucidation of their spatial distributions in a mixture sample containing multiple types of quantum dot fluorophores. The results give a brief showcase of how hyperspectral imaging can be useful for biomedical imaging and fluorescence imaging applications.
Indium Tin Oxide-based Q-switched pulse fiber laser for sensing application
Authors: Hani Zalkepali Noor Ummi Hazirah , Awang Noor Azura , Eleena Nik Mahmud Nik Noor Haryatul , Latif Amirah Abd
Published: October 2022

We demonstrate a novel method of ring cavity Q-switched pulse erbium-doped fiber laser (EDFL) for liquid ammonia sensors. Q-switched pulse is generated using an indium tin oxide (ITO) deposited onto a side-polished fiber (SPF) as a saturable absorber (SA). The generated Q-switched pulses exhibit a repetition rate from 15.22 kHz to 28.28 kHz when the pump power is tuned from 77.2 mW to 211.60 mW. The shortest pulse width retrieved was 6.42 µs with a pulse energy of 11.23 nJ. A stable Q-switched pulse was obtained from the cavity configuration, with the repetition rate of 28.28 kHz. This pulse was then being used as a reference for the ammonia sensing purposes. When the liquid ammonia was injected into the setup, the wavelength and frequency shifts was observed by increasing the ammonia concentrations. From the results, the sensor can achieve good linear responses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Q-switched pulse EDFL based on side-polished fiber indium tin oxide (SPF-ITO) as a Q-switcher of the pulsed laser and a sensing transducer at the same time. These results indicates that the proposed SA is suitable for generating ultrashort pulse and optical sensors.
Tackling the mangrove restoration challenge
Authors: Lovelock Catherine E. , Barbier Edward , Duarte Carlos M.
Published: October 2022

Mangroves have been converted and degraded for decades. Rates of loss have declined over the past decades, but achieving resilient coastlines requires both conservation and restoration. Here, we outline the challenges for the global restoration of mangroves and what actions could enhance restoration. Ambitious global targets for mangrove restoration, if successful, could deliver global benefits of carbon sequestration, fisheries production, biodiversity, and coastal protection. However, large-scale mangrove planting efforts have often failed, and smaller projects may not deliver landscape-scale benefits, even though they are more suited to community management. Solutions to achieving global targets include reducing risks of large projects and increasing the uptake and effectiveness of smaller projects. Sustainable mangrove restoration requires investment in capacity building in communities and institutions, and mechanisms to match restoration opportunities with prospective supporters and investors. Global reporting standards will support adaptive management and help fully understand and monitor the benefits of mangrove restoration.
Artificial intelligence applications used in the clinical response to COVID-19: A scoping review
Authors: Mann Sean , Berdahl Carl T. , Baker Lawrence , Girosi Federico
Published: October 2022

Research into using artificial intelligence (AI) in health care is growing and several observers predicted that AI would play a key role in the clinical response to the COVID-19. Many AI models have been proposed though previous reviews have identified only a few applications used in clinical practice. In this study, we aim to (1) identify and characterize AI applications used in the clinical response to COVID-19; (2) examine the timing, location, and extent of their use; (3) examine how they relate to pre-pandemic applications and the U.S. regulatory approval process; and (4) characterize the evidence that is available to support their use. We searched academic and grey literature sources to identify 66 AI applications that performed a wide range of diagnostic, prognostic, and triage functions in the clinical response to COVID-19. Many were deployed early in the pandemic and most were used in the U.S., other high-income countries, or China. While some applications were used to care for hundreds of thousands of patients, others were used to an unknown or limited extent. We found studies supporting the use of 39 applications, though few of these were independent evaluations and we found no clinical trials evaluating any application’s impact on patient health. Due to limited evidence, it is impossible to determine the extent to which the clinical use of AI in the pandemic response has benefited patients overall. Further research is needed, particularly independent evaluations on AI application performance and health impacts in real-world care settings.
Discovery and validation of circulating miRNAs for the clinical prognosis of severe dengue
Authors: Limothai Umaporn , Jantarangsi Nattawat , Suphavejkornkij Natthasit , Tachaboon Sasipha , Dinhuzen Janejira , Chaisuriyong Watchadaporn , Trongkamolchai Supachoke , Wanpaisitkul Mananya , Chulapornsiri Chatchai , Tiawilai Anongrat , Tiawilai Thawat , Tantawichien Terapong , Thisyakorn Usa , Srisawat Nattachai
Published: October 2022

Background

Early prognostic markers of severe dengue may improve case management and reduce dengue-related mortalities. This study aimed to identify circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) as biomarkers for predicting severe dengue.

Methodology

Serum samples from dengue-infected patients were collected on the first day of admission. Patients were followed up for 14 days after admission to determine the final diagnosis. Participants were divided into non-severe and severe dengue, as defined by WHO 2009 criteria. Circulating microtranscriptome analysis was performed using NanoString miRNA Expression Assay. The expression level of candidate miRNAs were then validated by quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method.

Principal findings

The discovery cohort (N = 19) lead to the identification of 37 differentially expressed miRNAs between the two groups. Six up-regulated candidate miRNAs were selected and further validated in the larger cohort (N = 135). MiR574-5p and miR1246 displayed the highest diagnostic performance in discriminating between severe from non-severe dengue (ROC-AUC = 0.83). Additionally, miR574-5p and miR1246 had high sensitivity and high negative predictive value for detecting severe dengue. Multivariate analysis suggested that serum miR574-5p was an independent predictor of severe dengue (odds ratio 3.30, 95% CI 1.81–6.04;p<0.001).

Conclusion

Our study indicated that circulating miRNAs, especially miR-574-5p and miR-1246, might be a promising diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for severe dengue upon hospital admission, especially when using these biomarkers on days 1 to 2 before the onset of severe dengue complications.
Challenges and barriers to e-learning experienced by trainers and training coordinators in the Ministry of Health in Saudi Arabia during the COVID-19 crisis
Authors: Al Shamari Dalil
Published: October 2022

Introduction

The sudden shutdown caused by coronavirus disease 2019 has far-reaching effects, including on education and training. For this reason, traditional education and training have shifted to an online learning format. This study explores the challenges of and barriers to e-learning experienced by trainers and training coordinators in the Saudi Ministry of Health during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

Methods

A cross sectional survey was distributed among participants by email. The sample included 262 trainers and training coordinators currently working for the Saudi Ministry of Health in hospitals, primary health care centers, and training centers (including general directorates of regions and clusters) in all 13 administrative regions of the country.

Results

Most participants exhibited an intermediate level of experience with e-learning (58.4%) and found the task of adapting to unfamiliar technology to be a challenge (22.1%). Limited social interaction in relation to cheating/plagiarism contexts, frequent technological failures, and a lack of policies or standards for e-learning were significant barriers for participants; these were mentioned by 46.9%, 43.5%, and 40.1% of participants, respectively.

Conclusions

This study highlights the challenges and barriers encountered in the adoption of e-learning by trainers and training coordinators in the Saudi Ministry of Health. The challenges of and barriers to e-learning included but were not limited to communication, assessment of trainees, adaptation to a lack of policy, and frequent technology failure. Adapting to new technologies is challenging for trainers and training coordinators, which is exacerbated by a lack of adequate policies and standards to eliminate cheating and avoid technological failures. These results could help bridge gaps in the use of e-learning by improving policies, holding workshops and training sessions, and providing continuous information technology support in e-learning.
The associations between autistic traits and disordered eating/drive for muscularity are independent of anxiety and depression in females but not males
Authors: Galvin John , Evans Elizabeth H. , Talbot Catherine V. , Wilson Claire , Richards Gareth
Published: October 2022

Previous research has shown a positive correlation between autistic traits and eating disorder symptoms, and this relationship appears to be independent of co-occurring mental health status. The current study followed a pre-registered analysis plan with the aim to investigate a previously unconsidered factor in the relationship between autistic traits and disorders of eating and body image: the drive for muscularity. Participants (N = 1068) completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26) and Drive for Muscularity Scale (DMS). Positive correlations between AQ and EAT-26 and AQ and DMS were observed. In females, AQ remained significantly correlated with EAT-26 and DMS when controlling for co-occurring anxiety and depression symptoms, but this was not the case in males. These findings demonstrate the moderating role of sex, and the need to consider autistic traits in individuals diagnosed with, or at a heightened risk for, disorders of eating and body image.
We’re waving hands! Creating a graphic novel in Quebec Sign Language
Authors: Leduc Véro
Published: October 2022

Véro Leduc has spent many years involved in different social causes such as queer, sex worker and feminist movements, promoting their voices on public places. When she arrived in the Deaf community, she wanted to produce a graphic novel so that Deaf folks could wave hands to hearing people, to get their attention and consideration. Realizing Quebec Sign Language is an embodied language for which there is no systematic writing, she spent a couple insomniac nights trying to figure out how to write this language. If writing—an act through which language is inscribed on a medium—is capable of communicating, reflecting upon, debating, citing, remembering, and translating knowledge, what kind of writing is needed for signed knowledge to exist? This chapter relates her journey of creating a graphic novel in Quebec Sign Language and her reflections on the agency digital media are offering for Deaf and signed epistemologies.
The Language of Blindness and its Rapport with Sight: Immersive Descriptive Audio and Rainbow On Mars
Authors: Healey Devon
Published: October 2022

Rapport defines a certain kind of relationship, one that is not close. Rapport, in other words, defines the closeness and relatability that a relationship should have. This article engages the question, can blindness and sight develop a rapport? It is this question of rapport that animated the 2021 Pop-Up workshop of my play, Rainbow on Mars with Toronto immersive theatre company, Outside the March. The question of building a rapport was not only asked of the entities/characters Blind and Sight but also of the theatre itself and of its audiences. How might blindness and sight come together in the theatre in such a way that does not simulate blindness (blind folds, absence of stage lighting, etc.) nor privilege sight (audio description through headsets for blind patrons only)? This article explores the building of rapport between blindness and sight through the play Rainbow on Mars and the development of, what I call, Immersive Descriptive Audio.
Embodying Difference: Critical Phenomenology and Narratives Of Disability, Race, and Sexuality
Authors: Ayoun Emma Ben
Published: October 2022

Book Review of Embodying Difference: Critical Phenomenology and Narratives Of Disability, Race, and Sexuality by Simon Dickel
Approach technique of specifying a proper autonomous cart type for its service in the logistics center
Authors: Stopka Ondrej
Published: October 2022

Basically, relocation, protection, warehousing and management of materials and products throughout the logistics chain (manufacturing, warehousing, distribution, consumption and disposal) are referred to as cargo handling. Cargo handling includes a variety of manual, semi-automated and automated devices, processes and systems supporting the manufacture and logistics, and helps with the efficient cargo flow across the logistics chain. This research study designs an approach technique (procedure) to specify a proper type of the autonomous cart as a part of handling devices for its service activities within the area of opted logistics center applying an adequate multiple-criteria analysis method. Introductory parts of the paper summarize relevant literature review regarding research topic, methods and procedures important to compile the draft technique, identify all the relevant criteria used for the given purpose as well as define variants of autonomous carts taken into consideration in order to calculate the final outcome. The most important chapter specifies the approach technique design itself including application of method to calculate the criteria weights as well as use of the multiple-criteria analysis method, specifically the Weighted-Sum Approach, in order to define the variant ranking.
Analysis of vertical vibrations affecting a child transported in a child seat during a car passing over the release speed bump
Authors: Frej Damian , Zuska Andrzej , Cadge Karin
Published: October 2022

The article presents the results of research on the assessment of vibrational comfort of children carried in child seats. The work analyzes the impact of the child's mass and the speed of the car passing through the speed bump on the level of vibration to which the passenger (child) transported in the child seat mounted on the rear seat of the car is exposed. The tested car seats were installed in a passenger car using the ISOfix base. During the tests, the measured values were the acceleration of the seat child seat, the backrest of the child seat, the rear seat of the car and the child seat ISOfix base. As part of the research, car drive through the speed bump were carried out at different car speeds and with different mass simulating the mass of a child. The test results were analyzed in order to determine the magnitude of vibrations generated during car drive through the speed bump. Based on the results obtained, the level of vibrational comfort of a child trip in a child seat was assessed.
Possibilities of reducing greenhouse gas emissions in agriculture on the example of a biogas plant
Authors: Samson-Bręk Izabela , Matuszewska Anna
Published: October 2022

The subject of this publication is to determine the impact of biogas plants on the environment, with particular emphasis on greenhouse gasses emissions associated with the production and management of biogas as the main plant product. The environmental impact of the agricultural sector as well as the state of development of the biogas market in European Union are presented as background for consideration of greenhouse gas emissions. One of the economy sectors responsible for GHG emissions is agriculture. One of the solutions of GHG reduction in agriculture is slurry management using biogas technology. It should be emphasized, that biogas not always has favorable emission parameters. The final emission throughout the whole life cycle of this energy carrier depends on many factors. The structure of GHG emissions largely depends on what type of raw material it used for biogas production and in what kind of tanks the digestate sludge is stored. If waste raw materials are used for biogas production, then GHG emission associated with their acquisition is assumed to be zero. On the other hand, if dedicated energy crops are used for biogas production, the emission connected with cultivation of these plants are added to the total GHG emissions. They are directly related to the use of fertilizers and plant protection products, field emissions of nitrous oxide and fuel combustion during the operation of agricultural machinery. Influence on the GHG emission has also the kind id digestate storage tank. If these are closed tanks, there is no emissions to the atmosphere. If tank is open, then methane is emitted directly to the air and is included in the total GHG balance.
Effects of Using Various Methods for Car Shock Absorbers Diagnostic Tests
Authors: Guzek Marek , Zdanowicz Piotr
Published: October 2022

The work concerns the diagnostic assessment of the technical condition of the car suspension. The paper discusses practical problems that usually appear during testing of car shock absorbers mounted in a vehicle. The results of experimental tests for passenger car, carried out according to the EUSAMA standard test, were compared with the results obtained using newer methods (phase angle method and half power bandwidth method – HPBM). The article also deals with the issue of incompatibility of typical excitation at diagnostic devices for testing suspension with the one that often occurs in road conditions (by simulation method).
The main purpose of the work was to assess the usefulness and reliability of various diagnostic methods intended for the testing of vehicle shock absorbers without disassembly them from the vehicle. The analyses carried out indicated the advantages and disadvantages of these methods in practice. It is also shown that the conditions of diagnostic tests correspond poorly to the operating conditions of the shock absorbers under normal vehicle operating conditions. An important factor in this case is the sliding friction in the suspension.
An analysis of the use of cruise control in a passenger car
Authors: Andrzejewski Maciej , Merkisz Jerzy , Nowak Mateusz , Ziółkowski Andrzej , Daszkiewicz Paweł
Published: October 2022

Most vehicles are powered by internal combustion engines. Due to the nature of their operation they emit, among others, carbon dioxide which contributes to the greenhouse effect. CO2 production is strictly correlated with fuel consumption. The article presents the results of road tests of a passenger car with a spark-ignition engine meeting the Euro 6 emission norm. The test vehicle was equipped with a classic exhaust gas aftertreatment system – a three-way catalytic converter. The aim of the study was to verify the impact of the cruise control use on the vehicle fuel consumption. The measurements were based on Portable Emission Measurement System type mobile equipment for exhaust emission tests. The tests were carried out in real driving conditions travelling on an express way. Test drives took place on a route with variable topographic profile. Three test drives with different speeds were carried out, but the aim was to obtain an average speed of 130 km/h.
Fuzzy logic controller to control the active air suspension
Authors: Woś Piotr , Dindorf Ryszard , Takosoglu Jakub
Published: October 2022

The paper presents the practical implementation of active seat suspension used in vehicles and machinery. The test object is a passive suspension system, in which the vibro-insulating properties have been improved by using an active system controlled by a pneumatic bellows cylinder. Bellows cylinders in pneumatic drives act as single-acting cylinders - push cylinders. The filled bellows cylinder under constant pressure acts as an air spring. The volume of the air cushion changes under the pressure inside. Proportional pressure valve was used to control the bellows cylinder and non-contact relative displacement laser triangulation sensor was used to measure displacement of the seat. A PD-fuzzy controller was used for the control. The use of Fuzzy Logic Controller FLC enables the transition from a quantitative description to a qualitative process. The system structure with a designated output control function has been presented. Test results on the seat suspension vibro-insulating properties of a working machine are presented.
Improvement of the Autodriver Algorithm for Autonomous Vehicles Using Roll Dynamics
Authors: To Ching Nok , Milani Sina , Marzbani Hormoz , Jazar Reza N.
Published: October 2022

The autodriver algorithm was introduced as a path-following algorithm for autonomous vehicles, which uses road geometry data and planar vehicle dynamics. In this paper, the autodriver algorithm is improved according to practical implications, and a more realistic vehicle model (roll mode) is used, which considers roll degree of freedom in addition to a planar motion. A Ghost-Car path-following approach is introduced to define the desired location of the car at every instance. Key steady-state characteristics of turning vehicles, namely the curvature, yaw rate, and side-slip responses, are discussed and used to construct a feed-forward component of a path-following controller based on the autodriver algorithm. Feedback control loops are designed and applied to minimise transient errors between the road and vehicle positions. Finally, simulations are performed to analyse the path-following performance of the proposed scheme. The results show promising performance of the controller both in terms of error minimisation and passenger comfort.
Determination of the deviation of the on-board computer in the vehicle when determining the average fuel consumption
Authors: Šarkan Branislav , Loman Michal
Published: October 2022

Fuel consumption measurement itself is a demanding process and it is difficult to determine the exact consumption of a vehicle. Fuel consumption can be determined in various ways. One way to determine consumption is through driving tests. We know several types of driving tests. Nowadays, most vehicles and all new vehicles can provide a wealth of data to the driver directly during vehicle operation. One of them is the data on the consumption of the vehicle also through the on-board computer located in the vehicle. The information provided to the driver may not reflect reality. In most cases, they are inaccurate and do not correspond to reality. Therefore, the subject of the research will be to verify the accuracy of the provided data on vehicle consumption by the on-board computer. The aim of the research will be to determine the extent to which consumption data are true. Vehicle consumption, as well as measurements are performed on one vehicle in every day traffic. This will ensure that it is possible to compare the measured data with each other.
To determine the stability of the metrobus in unstable driving modes
Authors: Marchuk Roman , Marchuk Nazar , Sakhno Volodymyr , Poliakov Viktor
Published: October 2022

Recently in many cities of the world began to introduce so-called «metrobus» or BRT (Bus Rapid Transit) systems, which became a cheaper alternative to the metro and other rail transport, in particular trams. The aim of the work is to determine the stability indicators of the metrobus in the transitional traffic modes, in particular when performing such manoeuvres as «steering wheel jerk» and «shuffle». For this purpose, the equations of metrobus plane-parallel motion are supplemented by equations of the links of the road train in the vertical plane by halopilation (tangage, trim) and roll.The critical straight-line speed of the three-link metrobus has been determined, which was 32,06 m/s, and this speed is independent of the corners of the steering wheels of the bus and the trailer links.It has been shown that as the steering wheel angle of the bus increases, the difference in the folding angles of the bus increases, with the second folding angle significantly exceeding the first, especially considering the roll of the metrobus body. It has been established that the greatest rolls and loads of the metrobus axles are those of the last trailer, which is the limiting factor for the critical speed. The lateral accelerations of individual metrobus links and their yaw velocity when performing the manoeuvre «steering wheel jerk» and «shuffle, Sl = 24 m», show that both the bus and the second trailer link are a limiting factor when performing various manoeuvres, but the acceleration value does not exceed the permissible 0,4g, so its stability under these conditions is ensured.
Fatigue tests and numerical analyses of the PAWO autonomous electric vehicle
Authors: Podkowski Krzysztof , Okruch Łukasz
Published: October 2022

The following article presents fatigue testing and FEM numerical analysis of an autonomous electric vehicle, PAWO autonomous operational support platform. The purpose of the study, which was carried out in the ŁUKASIEWICZ – Automotive Industry Institute, was to verify the structure of the platform by forcing in three axes on the position: a table with six degrees of freedom "MAST", as well as conducting fatigue numerical analyses, allowing to determine places critical for fatigue endurance. This will be the starting point for the modification of the structure, and also will allow you to identify places that you need to pay attention to during tests and subsequent operation. The results of these tests allow us to determine critical places due to fatigue strength and possible intervention before starting field tests with a complete vehicle, as well as to detect places that should be noted during tests, inspections and tests, and in development versions of the vehicle.
Numerical strength study of ultra-light composite seat frame destined to passengers transport
Authors: Czechowski Leszek , Kotełko Maria , Jankowski Marcin
Published: October 2022

The paper concerns numerical study of the ultra-light seat frame serving transported patients in ambulance. The structure of seat was designed to be built of the carbon fibers, aluminium and steel. The present prototype distinguishes itself with low mass and high strength. During modelling, the stress state and displacement state were verified based on requirements according to regulation ECE14. In simulation, solid, beam and connection elements were employed to consider all the parts of structures. The analysis of the stress state verification based on the assumptions of boundary conditions close to regulation ECE14. The isotropic materials were considered to be in elastic range. In case of composite materials, TSAI-WU (TSW) criterion for assessment of strength was taken into account. Five different variants of seat were taken into consideration to indicate the differences between them. The paper includes the results of analysis of composite structure under static loads which were shown and discussed.
Ethnographic Case Study on the Adaptation Process of Communities that Migrated to Turkey: The Case of Isparta Province
Authors: BEDIR ERISTI Suzan Duygu , BALTACI Rukiye
Published: October 2022

This research aims to examine the perceptions of refugee families and children about the migration process, their lives in Turkey, education, and social interactions in Isparta, Turkey. The province Isparta has a multicultural structure mainly due to the migrations from the Middle East and Africa. The research designed as an ethnographic case study was carried out with 12 students and eight mothers at an elementary school. The data were collected through participant observation, semi-structured interviews, students’ drawings, and documents of the students’ narratives about their pictures. The data were analyzed throughout the research with a holistic approach through the content analysis method. The findings outline the difficulties the refugee families experienced during the migration process and when they first arrived. Although some of these difficulties have been eliminated in time, some of them are persistent. Satisfaction with education, in general, attracts attention. However, certain important findings, particularly from student data, suggest that the concepts of family, home, and country, as well as the social cohesiveness process, are not structured.. Another problem in the adaptation process is language. Language stands out as a factor that facilitates the adaptation process of the refugees who can use it effectively. Adult education is also an important requirement besides the education of children of refugee families in the adaptation mechanism. Epecially for mothers, language learning, adjustment to cultural differences, adoption of socio-cultural rules emerged as critical points that have positive reflections in the adaptation process.
Analysis of Education Management Information Systems of the Ministry of National Education in Terms of Interoperability
Authors: BOZ Mehmet , SIMSEK Irfan
Published: October 2022

This research, which aims to reveal the current state of the Ministry of National Education (MoNE) information systems in terms of interoperability, was carried out with the basic qualitative research design under the scope of qualitative research. The data that constituted the source of the research were collected from teachers, vice-principals and school principals working in public schools at high school level. Semi-structured interview forms were used as data collection tool. The obtained data were analyzed by content analysis method. As a result of the analysis, the findings were gathered under two themes as intra organizational and interorganizational interoperability. The results of the research showed that the Ministry of National Education has some features in terms of both intraorganizational and inter-organizational interoperability, but it cannot fully use the opportunities arising from the use of the central Education Management Information System (EMIS), and accordingly, there are areas that need to be developed in both dimensions in terms of interoperability. In terms of in-house interoperability, suggestions have been made such as transferring the data in the Education Information Network (EBA) to eschool, moving more student data between education levels, and transferring the data expected from the management levels through information systems by making it pre-defined. In terms of interorganizational interoperability, it is recommended that the MoNE information systems be made interoperable with the Ministry of Health, Higher Education Institution and Social Security Institution.
The Manifestation of Real Norms and Ideal Norms among Muslims in Hamtramck
Authors: Pratama Rifka
Published: October 2022

AbstractThis research aims at explaining life of and religious norms conformed by Muslims in Hamtramck, a predominantly Muslim city in Wayne County of the U.S. state of Michigan. More specifically, through this paper the writer tries to explain and analyze the norms conformed by Muslims in Hamtramck from a socio-cultural perspective. Based on the data the writer sees the existence of two forms of norms conformed by Muslims in their daily life in Hamtramck. Later, these norms are called ideal norms and real norms. In this research, the data is collected by using library study method. The data on the portrait of Muslims’ socio-cultural life in Hamtramck is obtained from newspaper articles and some video coverages. Furthermore, the data is processed and interpreted by using the theory that has been selected by the writer. The research suggests that the socio-cultural interaction of Muslims in Hamtramck is mostly based on the real norms while the ideal norms are conformed mostly in the context of religious rituals.Keywords: Manifestation; Ideal Norms; Real Norms; Muslims; Hamtramck.