bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In Situ Coupling FeM (M = Ni, Co) with Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon toward Highly Efficient Trifunctional Electrocatalyst for Overall Water Splitting and Rechargeable Zn–Air Battery
Authors: Zhong Hai‐Xia , Wang Jun , Zhang Qi , Meng Fanlu , Bao Di , Liu Tong , Yang Xiao‐Yang , Chang Zhi‐Wen , Yan Jun‐Min , Zhang Xin‐Bo
Published: May 2017

Electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), oxygen evolution reaction (OER), and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) are crucial for water splitting and fuel cells/metal–air batteries, of which the benchmark catalysts for HER/ORR and OER are expensive and scarce Pt‐based and Ir/Ru‐based compounds, respectively. In spite of this, no trifunctional electrocatalyst for HER, OER, and ORR with an acceptable performance have been reported. In response, herein, as a proof‐of‐concept experiment, this study first in situ couples element abundant FeM (M = Ni, Co) particles with the nitrogen‐doped porous carbon (NPC) by a facile and scalable strategy. Unexpectedly, the resulted FeM/NPC exhibits superior trifunctional catalytic activities for HER, OER, and ORR even in the same electrolyte, which can be attributed to the synergistic advantages of FeM/NPC in terms of its good conductivity, highly porous structure, high Brunauer−Emmett−Teller (BET) surface area, nitrogen doping, and the intimate contact of FeM and NPC. Furthermore, such trifunctional catalyst makes the overall water splitting work at moderate overpotential, and endows the assembled Zn−air battery with a good performance and impressive capacity to self‐power the overall water splitting, demonstrating its feasibility for practical application.
Local Bonding Influence on the Band Edge and Band Gap Formation in Quaternary Chalcopyrites
Authors: Miglio Anna , Heinrich Christophe P. , Tremel Wolfgang , Hautier Geoffroy , Zeier Wolfgang G.
Published: May 2017

Quaternary chalcopyrites have shown to exhibit tunable band gaps with changing anion composition. Inspired by these observations, the underlying structural and electronic considerations are investigated using a combination of experimentally obtained structural data, molecular orbital considerations, and density functional theory. Within the solid solution Cu2ZnGeS4−xSex, the anion bond alteration parameter changes, showing larger bond lengths for metal–selenium than for metal–sulfur bonds. The changing bonding interaction directly influences the valence and conduction band edges, which result from antibonding Cu–anion and Ge–anion interactions, respectively. The knowledge of the underlying bonding interactions at the band edges can help design properties of these quaternary chalcopyrites for photovoltaic and thermoelectric applications.
“This rabid fight for survival”: Small NGO manager's experiences of funding reform
Authors: Clancey Garner , Westcott Harriet
Published: May 2017

This article explores the experiences of small Non‐Government Organisation (NGO) managers who are experiencing significant funding reforms. Drawing on a desk review of the literature, and semi‐structured interviews with managers of small NGOs in a case study site of Glebe, New South Wales, we present some of the issues arising from these new modes of funding governance. Findings revealed that funding is increasingly complex, with variations in timeframe, funder and geographic boundaries. The short‐term nature of funding contributed to NGO managers stating that they have been operating in a “survival” mode characterised by a high‐level uncertainty. Changes to funding regimes have led to a need to seek out future funding, engage in competitive tendering processes and comply with multiple and growing funding reporting requirements – tasks that are time‐consuming and at times stressful. Overall, managers experienced overwhelming funding complexity, which impeded the NGO's ability to focus on the needs of clients — an outcome which is surely antithetical to the aims of the various reforms to funding governance.
Direct Hydroxylation of Benzene to Phenol by Cytochrome P450BM3 Triggered by Amino Acid Derivatives
Authors: Shoji Osami , Yanagisawa Sota , Stanfield Joshua Kyle , Suzuki Kazuto , Cong Zhiqi , Sugimoto Hiroshi , Shiro Yoshitsugu , Watanabe Yoshihito
Published: May 2017

The selective hydroxylation of benzene to phenol, without the formation of side products resulting from overoxidation, is catalyzed by cytochrome P450BM3 with the assistance of amino acid derivatives as decoy molecules. The catalytic turnover rate and the total turnover number reached 259 min−1 P450BM3−1 and 40 200 P450BM3−1 when N‐heptyl‐l‐proline modified with l‐phenylalanine (C7‐l‐Pro‐l‐Phe) was used as the decoy molecule. This work shows that amino acid derivatives with a totally different structure from fatty acids can be used as decoy molecules for aromatic hydroxylation by wild‐type P450BM3. This method for non‐native substrate hydroxylation by wild‐type P450BM3 has the potential to expand the utility of P450BM3 for biotransformations.
Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Coumarin–Triazole Hybrid Molecules as Potential Antitumor and Pancreatic Lipase Agents
Authors: Kahveci Bahittin , Yılmaz Fatih , Menteşe Emre , Ülker Serdar
Published: May 2017

The design, synthesis, and investigation of antitumor and anti‐lipase activities of some coumarin–triazole hybrid molecules are reported. The synthesis of these hybrid molecules was performed under microwave irradiation and conventional heating procedures. The newly synthesized hybrid molecules were investigated as inhibitors against four tumor cell lines (BT20 human breast carcinoma, SK‐Mel 128 melanoma, DU‐145 prostate carcinoma, and A549 lung carcinoma) and porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). Most of these compounds showed notable antitumor activities against the tested tumor cell lines, and compounds 8i and 8l showed the best anti‐lipase activity of 99.30 ± 0.56% and 99.85 ± 1.21%, respectively, at a concentration of 10 μM.
Cornelia de Lange syndrome: To diagnose or not to diagnose in utero?
Authors: Avagliano Laura , Bulfamante Gaetano Pietro , Massa Valentina
Published: May 2017

Cornelia de Lange syndrome (CdLS) is an inherited condition with a wide spectrum of phenotypic anomalies, consisting mainly of growth impairment, multi‐organ abnormalities, and neurocognitive delay. Clinical diagnostic criteria after birth are well defined, whereas when to suspect the syndrome during intrauterine life still remains undefined. This review summarizes the main possible prenatal findings in CdLS, suggesting that a skilled ultrasound scan in cases of intrauterine growth restriction associated with other fetal abnormalities may improve the chance of prenatal diagnosis of CdLS, especially in families known to be at high risk. We propose that, following a sequence of detailed scans and examinations, CdLS affected fetuses could be diagnosed in utero, when one or more conditions (among them, intrauterine growth restriction, limb defects, facial abnormalities, diaphragmatic hernia, and heart diseases) are detected, and possibly confirmed by specific molecular testing. Birth Defects Research 109:771–777, 2017. © 2017 The Authors. Birth Defects Research Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Diverse application of MRI for mouse phenotyping
Authors: Wu Yijen L. , Lo Cecilia W.
Published: May 2017

Small animal models, particularly mouse models, of human diseases are becoming an indispensable tool for biomedical research. Studies in animal models have provided important insights into the etiology of diseases and accelerated the development of therapeutic strategies. Detailed phenotypic characterization is essential, both for the development of such animal models and mechanistic studies into disease pathogenesis and testing the efficacy of experimental therapeutics. MRI is a versatile and noninvasive imaging modality with excellent penetration depth, tissue coverage, and soft tissue contrast. MRI, being a multi‐modal imaging modality, together with proven imaging protocols and availability of good contrast agents, is ideally suited for phenotyping mutant mouse models. Here we describe the applications of MRI for phenotyping structural birth defects involving the brain, heart, and kidney in mice. The versatility of MRI and its ease of use are well suited to meet the rapidly increasing demands for mouse phenotyping in the coming age of functional genomics. Birth Defects Research 109:758–770, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Toward a Requisite Board Competencies Matrix—Part Two
Authors: Kravatzky Axel
Published: May 2017

In the last issue of Board Leadership, Axel Kravatzky, PhD, examined the collective and individual competencies needed by a board as well as advances in the design and use of Board Competency matrices. In this second article, he looks in more detail at definitions of competence versus competency.
Governance in the Making—A View from Academe
Authors: Konzelmann Sue
Published: May 2017

Dr. Sue Konzelmann is Reader in Management in the Department of Management at Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom, who has been directing the Postgraduate Programmes in Corporate Governance and Business Ethics at that institution since 2003. She is also the founding director of the London Centre for Corporate Governance and Ethics. Here, she reflects on the changes she has seen over the intervening years.
Relationship between the UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS fingerprinted constituents from Daphne genkwa and their anti‐inflammatory, anti‐oxidant activities
Authors: Du Wen‐Juan , Ji Jun , Wang Ling , Lan Xin‐Yi , Li Jia , Lei Jun‐Qiu , He Xin , Zhang Chun‐Feng , Huang Wen‐Zhe , Wang Zhen‐Zhong , Xiao Wei , Wang Chong‐Zhi , Yuan Chun‐Su
Published: May 2017

Daphne genkwa Sieb.et Zucc. is a well‐known medicinal plant. This study was designed to apply the ultra‐high performance liquid chromatography system to establish a quality control method for D. genkwa. Data revealed that there were 15 common peaks in 10 batches of D. genkwa Sieb. Et Zucc. (Thymelaeaceae) from different provinces of China. On this basis, the fingerprint chromatogram was established to provide references for quality control. Afterwards, the chemical constitutions of these common peaks were analyzed using the UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS system and nine of them were identified. In addition, LPS‐stimulated RAW264.7 murine macrophages and DPPH assay were used to study the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidation effects of D. genkwa. Then the fingerprint–efficacy relationships between UPLC fingerprints and pharmacodynamic data were studied with canonical correlation analysis. Analysis results indicated that the anti‐inflammatory and anti‐oxidation effects differed among the 10 D. genkwa samples owing to their inherent differences of chemical compositions. Taken together, this research established a fingerprint–efficacy relationship model of D. genkwa plant by combining the UPLC analytic technique and pharmacological research, which provided references for the detection of the principal components of traditional Chinese medicine on bioactivity.
Discontinuing medication as a phase of treatment
Authors: Sadeghi Leila
Published: May 2017

There is a paucity of research on medication de‐prescribing. Currently, the field of child psychiatry offers more evidence on how to start children and adolescents on medication than on how long to treat them, and how to best discontinue the medication. Evidence‐based and clinically rooted treatment plans for how to discontinue medicine are just as important to develop as effective treatment plans in how to start medicine. This article serves to provide some guiding principles in the appropriate and safe discontinuation of psychotropic medicines for children and adolescents.
Mental health challenges and opportunities in rural communities
Authors: Pendse Sachin R. , Nugent Nicole R.
Published: May 2017

Nearly 10% of Rhode Island's population, and 46% of the global population, resides in rural areas. There has been increasing recognition across clinical, research, and policy domains of the unique challenges of addressing psychological health concerns in rural areas.
Pediatricians, child psychiatrists urged to prescribe buprenorphine
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2017

Most adolescents with opioid use disorders do not get medications that are recommended as the first‐line treatment for adults, but rather get detoxification and abstinence‐based treatment. The result of such treatment, in many cases, is relapse, and, in some, death from overdose. Experts believe maintenance with buprenorphine, which is approved for ages 16 and up, is far preferable.
Thirteen reasons to be concerned about 13 Reasons Why
Authors: Jacobson Sansea L.
Published: May 2017

Netflix recently announced its intention to release a sequel to 13 Reasons Why, the controversial series that depicts a fictional teen suicide. As a child and adolescent psychiatrist at ground zero of the adolescent suicide problem, I feel compelled to share my concerns about this influential and concerning program. Just one month after its release on Netflix, I binge‐watched the first season of 13 Reasons Why. I was inspired to do so after several parents asked me whether they should be allowing their teens to watch the series. From an artistic perspective, undeniably the characters and narrative of 13 Reasons Why are compelling, and it is understandable that teens are drawn to it. Furthermore, the sensitive topics raised (i.e., bullying, sexual assault, substance use, suicide) are important and should not be ignored.
Advice for parents on 13 Reasons Why
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: May 2017

When Netflix came out with its 13 Reasons Why series this spring, many parents didn't even know about it until their children had already seen it. We turned on the radio or TV and heard about this show in which a girl commits suicide at the end, or got a concerned email from the school warning about the program. The young people had already seen it, however. The suicide appears to be revenge against the 13 people the fictional girl blames for her suicide, detailed in 13 separate tapes.
Giant cell arteritis with polymyalgia rheumatica on FDG‐PET/CT
Authors: Baba Akira , Uno Kimiichi , Okuyama Yumi , Munetomo Yohei , Nakajima Shintaro , Mizushina Kennosuke , Kameda Hideto
Published: May 2017

Key Clinical Message

If there is no pain in the temporal artery, the diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA) may be delayed and blindness may occur. Therefore, FDG‐PET/CT is important as a modality for diagnosis of GCA. When GCA is suspected and F‐18 FDG‐PET/CT is performed, it is worthwhile to pay attention to shoulder and hip joints as polymyalgia rheumatica commonly presents with GCA.
Mesoporous Ceria‐Supported Gold Catalysts Self‐Assembled from Monodispersed Ceria Nanoparticles and Nanocubes: A Study of the Crystal Plane Effect for the Low‐Temperature Water Gas Shift Reaction
Authors: He Yeheng , Du Sanya , Li Jianwei , Zhang Runduo , Liang Xin , Chen Biaohua
Published: May 2017

Mesoporous CeO2 colloidal spheres were obtained by the assembly of CeO2 nanocrystals in two shapes: nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocubes (NCs). CeO2 colloidal spheres assembled by nanoparticles (NPCS) have predominantly exposed {1 1 1} surfaces and that assembled by nanocubes (NCCS) are terminated by {1 0 0} planes. The size and surface area of NPCS and NCCS are comparable. We compared the water gas shift reaction activity over Au/NPCS and Au/NCCS to clarify the nanoscale crystal plane effect of the CeO2 {1 0 0} and {1 1 1} crystal planes. Au/NCCS and NCCS show a better catalytic activity than Au/NPCS and NPCS towards the water gas shift reaction. We used in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) to confirm that the water gas shift reaction over Au/NPCS and Au/NCCS follows a formate mechanism and to prove that the formation/decomposition rate of bidentate formates (intermediates) are faster on Au/NCCS and that less monodentate carbonates (inactive species) are accumulated over Au/NCCS. We used X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and DRIFTS combined with DFT calculations to demonstrate that more active Auδ+ species could be formed on NCCS than NPCS because of the crystal plane effect. The crystal plane effect is also embodied in the experimental phenomenon that H2O adsorption is more significant on Au/NCCS than Au/NPCS, which is in agreement with the calculation results that H2O adsorption is more facile on CeO2 {1 0 0} than {1 1 1} surfaces.
AuI⋅⋅⋅AuI Interaction Assisted Host–Guest Interactions and Stimuli‐Responsive Self‐Assembly in Tetranuclear Alkynylgold(I) Calix[4]arene‐Based Isocyanide Complexes
Authors: Chu Anlea , Hau Franky Ka‐Wah , Yam Vivian Wing‐Wah
Published: May 2017

Multi‐stimuli‐responsive tetranuclear gold(I) complexes were prepared based on a tetra(alkynyl)calix[4]arene framework, with incorporation of a series of isocyanide ligands of tunable hydrophilicity. This class of complex was found to exhibit high sensitivity towards group IIIA metal ions especially In3+. Drastic electronic absorption and emission changes were observed, which could be attributed to the formation of AuI⋅⋅⋅AuI interactions during the binding event. Solvent‐induced self‐aggregation was also observed upon changing the solvent environment to a more polar medium, with the formation of nanoaggregates and the turning‐on of the aurophilic interactions, leading to interesting luminescence and morphological changes. The aggregation process was monitored by UV/Vis absorption, emission and 1H NMR spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies, and the morphological changes were studied by electron microscopy. This new class of complex has shown high sensitivity towards external stimuli and demonstrated the feasibility of employing the on–off switching of aurophilicity as an effective design strategy for the construction of functional supramolecular systems.
A comparative review of variable selection techniques for covariate dependent Dirichlet process mixture models
Authors: Barcella William , De Iorio Maria , Baio Gianluca
Published: May 2017

Dirichlet Process Mixture (DPM) models have been increasingly employed to specify random partition models that take into account possible patterns within covariates. Furthermore with large numbers of covariates methods for selecting the most important covariates have been proposed. Commonly the covariates are chosen either for their importance in determining the clustering of the observations or for their effect on the level of a response variable (when a regression model is specified). Typically both strategies involve the specification of latent indicators that regulate the inclusion of the covariates in the model. Common examples involve the use of spike and slab prior distributions. In this work we review the most relevant DPM models that include covariate information in the induced partition of the observations and we focus on available variable selection techniques for these models. We highlight the main features of each model and demonstrate them using simulations and a real data application. The Canadian Journal of Statistics 45: 254–273; 2017 © 2017 Statistical Society of Canada
Reductive Aromatization/Dearomatization and Elimination Reactions to Access Conjugated Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Heteroacenes, and Cumulenes
Authors: Marshall Jonathan L. , Lehnherr Dan , Lindner Benjamin D. , Tykwinski Rik R.
Published: May 2017

Acenes, heteroacenes, conjugated polycyclic hydrocarbons, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (collectively referred to in this review as conjugated polycyclic molecules, CPMs) have fascinated chemists since they were first isolated and synthesized in the mid 19th century. Most recently, these compounds have shown significant promise as the active components in organic devices (e.g., solar cells, thin‐film transistors, light‐emitting diodes, etc.), and, since 2001, a plethora of publications detail synthetic strategies to produce CPMs. In this review, we discuss reductive aromatization, reductive dearomatization, and elimination/extrusion reactions used to form CPMs. After a brief discussion on early methods to synthesize CPMs, we detail the use of reagents used for the reductive (de)aromatization of precursors containing 1,4‐diols/diethers, including SnCl2 and iodide (I−). Extension of these methods to carbomers and cumulenes is briefly discussed. We then describe low‐valent metal species used to reduce endoxides to CPMs, and discuss the methods to directly reduce acenediones and acenones to the respective acene. In the final section, we describe methods used to affect aromatization to the desired CPM via extrusion of small, volatile molecules.
Prepare for potential changes in handling of key legal, civil rights issues on campus
Authors: Porter Michael
Published: May 2017

The recent change in government leadership at the federal level will almost certainly lead to some changes in the way harassment and discrimination, including sexual harassment and sexual assault, are managed on college campuses.
Work ethic program valuable to students' training
Authors: Hodges Dawn Z.
Published: May 2017

Business leaders tell us repeatedly it is not missing knowledge and skills that cause newly hired workers to lose jobs; it is their lack of soft skills that gets them terminated. In the Technical College System of Georgia, we teach, and have for many years, a Work Ethic Program including 10 soft skills. Of course, we teach them as they relate to being a student, but we stress their importance to the workplace. They are.
Adopt strategies for listening actively
Authors: Zachary Lois J. , Fischler Lory A.
Published: May 2017

The material on this page is excerpted from Starting Strong: A Mentoring Fable. The authors explain strategies for active listening in a mentoring situation. Their advice could also apply to many other situations where listening is critical.
Collaboration aims to boost startups based on university research
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2017

The discoveries made at colleges and universities have the potential to improve the quality of life for many Americans — and even save lives. But successful tech transfer is good not just for the individuals who will someday benefit from the products. It also means economic growth, and it can generate significant revenue for the institution where the research took place, said John Pyrovolakis, founder of the Innovation Accelerator Foundation. Plus, getting academic research into commercial labs is good for national security and defense. “Innovation is the reason we won both world wars,” Pyrovolakis said.
Neurodegeneration in ataxia‐telangiectasia: Multiple roles of ATM kinase in cellular homeostasis
Authors: Choy Kay Rui , Watters Dianne J.
Published: May 2017

Ataxia‐telangiectasia (A‐T) is characterized by neuronal degeneration, cancer, diabetes, immune deficiency, and increased sensitivity to ionizing radiation. A‐T is attributed to the deficiency of the protein kinase coded by theATM(ataxia‐telangiectasia mutated) gene. ATM is a sensor of DNA double‐strand breaks (DSBs) and signals to cell cycle checkpoints and the DNA repair machinery. ATM phosphorylates numerous substrates and activates many cell‐signaling pathways. There has been considerable debate about whether a defective DNA damage response is causative of the neurological aspects of the disease. In proliferating cells, ATM is localized mainly in the nucleus; however, in postmitotic cells such as neurons, ATM is mostly cytoplasmic. Recent studies reveal an increasing number of roles for ATM in the cytoplasm, including activation by oxidative stress. ATM associates with organelles including mitochondria and peroxisomes, both sources of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which have been implicated in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. ATM is also associated with synaptic vesicles and has a role in regulating cellular homeostasis and autophagy. The cytoplasmic roles of ATM provide a new perspective on the neurodegenerative process in A‐T. This review will examine the expanding roles of ATM in cellular homeostasis and relate these functions to the complex A‐T phenotype.Developmental Dynamics 247:33–46, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Bioclimatic transect networks: Powerful observatories of ecological change
Authors: Caddy‐Retalic Stefan , Andersen Alan N. , Aspinwall Michael J. , Breed Martin F. , Byrne Margaret , Christmas Matthew J. , Dong Ning , Evans Bradley J. , Fordham Damien A. , Guerin Greg R. , Hoffmann Ary A. , Hughes Alice C. , van Leeuwen Stephen J. , McInerney Francesca A. , Prober Suzanne M. , Rossetto Maurizio , Rymer Paul D. , Steane Dorothy A. , Wardle Glenda M. , Lowe Andrew J.
Published: May 2017

Transects that traverse substantial climate gradients are important tools for climate change research and allow questions on the extent to which phenotypic variation associates with climate, the link between climate and species distributions, and variation in sensitivity to climate change among biomes to be addressed. However, the potential limitations of individual transect studies have recently been highlighted. Here, we argue that replicating and networking transects, along with the introduction of experimental treatments, addresses these concerns. Transect networks provide cost‐effective and robust insights into ecological and evolutionary adaptation and improve forecasting of ecosystem change. We draw on the experience and research facilitated by the Australian Transect Network to demonstrate our case, with examples, to clarify how population‐ and community‐level studies can be integrated with observations from multiple transects, manipulative experiments, genomics, and ecological modeling to gain novel insights into how species and systems respond to climate change. This integration can provide a spatiotemporal understanding of past and future climate‐induced changes, which will inform effective management actions for promoting biodiversity resilience.
The influence of breeding phenology on the genetic structure of four pond‐breeding salamanders
Authors: Burkhart Jacob J. , Peterman William E. , Brocato Emily R. , Romine Kimberly M. , Willis M. Madeline S. , Ousterhout Brittany H. , Anderson Thomas L. , Drake Dana L. , Rowland Freya E. , Semlitsch Raymond D. , Eggert Lori S.
Published: May 2017

Understanding metapopulation dynamics requires knowledge about local population dynamics and movement in both space and time. Most genetic metapopulation studies use one or two study species across the same landscape to infer population dynamics; however, using multiple co‐occurring species allows for testing of hypotheses related to different life history strategies. We used genetic data to study dispersal, as measured by gene flow, in three ambystomatid salamanders (Ambystoma annulatum, A. maculatum, and A. opacum) and the Central Newt (Notophthalmus viridescens louisianensis) on the same landscape in Missouri, USA. While all four salamander species are forest dependent organisms that require fishless ponds to reproduce, they differ in breeding phenology and spatial distribution on the landscape. We use these differences in life history and distribution to address the following questions: (1) Are there species‐level differences in the observed patterns of genetic diversity and genetic structure? and (2) Is dispersal influenced by landscape resistance? We detected two genetic clusters in A. annulatum and A. opacum on our landscape; both species breed in the fall and larvae overwinter in ponds. In contrast, no structure was evident in A. maculatum and N. v. louisianensis, species that breed during the spring. Tests for isolation by distance were significant for the three ambystomatids but not for N. v. louisianensis. Landscape resistance also contributed to genetic differentiation for all four species. Our results suggest species‐level differences in dispersal ability and breeding phenology are driving observed patterns of genetic differentiation. From an evolutionary standpoint, the observed differences in dispersal distances and genetic structure between fall breeding and spring breeding species may be a result of the trade‐off between larval period length and size at metamorphosis which in turn may influence the long‐term viability of the metapopulation. Thus, it is important to consider life history differences among closely related and ecologically similar species when making management decisions.
A Sophisticated Approach towards a New Class of Copper(I)–Sulfur Cluster Complexes with Imidazolinium–Dithiocarboxylate Ligands
Authors: Ortmeyer Jochen , Flörke Ulrich , Henkel Gerald , Wilhelm René , Neuba Adam
Published: May 2017

As a contribution to a better understanding of the coordination properties of imidazolinium–dithiocarboxylate ligands towards copper, the first route towards oligonuclear copper–betaine complexes has been developed. Treatment of the coordination polymer [CuCl(Bz2ImCS2)]n (1) suspended in acetonitrile with thallium(I) hexafluorophosphate in different ratios affords the discrete copper(I) cluster cations [Cu4(Bz2ImCS2)4Cl2]2+ (2) and [Cu3(Bz2ImCS2)5]3+ (3). Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction of 2(PF6)2·2MeCN and 3(PF6)3·2MeCN·Et2O reveals the occurrence of unique copper–sulfur architectures. The Cu–S/Cl skeleton of 2 contains two elongated trigonal‐prismatic {Cu4S2} entities which share a common {Cu4} face. In contrast, the Cu atoms of 3 define an isosceles triangle. Both compounds exhibit distorted tetrahedral copper coordination sites, based on S3Cl (within 2) and S4 (within 3) donor sets, and host dithiocarboxylate zwitterions in each of two different coordination modes. Overall, three different types of binding principles towards copper are presented here.
Characterization of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and oils
Authors: Juhaimi Fahad Al , Özcan Mehmet Musa , Ghafoor Kashif
Published: May 2017

The main objective of current study was to characterize of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) seed and oils as a source of phytochemical, and bioactive compounds. While total phenol contents of seed extracts vary between 23.6 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 28.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g, their antioxidant activities were changed between 17.6 and 22.9% (p < 0.05). The seeds of pomegranate varieties contained 347–647 mg/kg Ca, 2076–3846 mg/kg K, 1572–2327 mg/kg P, and 1357–1781 mg/kg Mg. While the total phenol contents of seed oils change between 7.8 mg gallic acid equivalent/g and 19.2mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity of oil samples varied between 6.8 and 8.8% (p < 0.05). The predominant fatty acid of oils is punicic acid, and punicic acid contents of oil samples were found between 71.2 and 77.6%. Oleic acid contents of seed oils were determined between 7.6 and 9.1%. In addition, ɣ‐tocopherol contents of pomegranate oil ranged from 236 mg/100 g to 389 mg/100 g. Pomegranate seeds are sources of bioactive and phytochemical such as fatty acid, ɣ‐tocopherol, total phenolic content, and flavonoids with potentially high antioxidant activities.

Practical applications: In folk medicine for many centuries, pomegranate is an important source of bioactive and phytochemical compounds. Pomegranate fruit are known to posses strong antioxidant activity, and its oil consists of approximately 80% punicic acid. Pomegranate seed contains a range of nutraceutical components such as punicic acid, sterols, and ɣ‐tocopherol.

Total phenol contents of seed powder extracts varied between 23.56 mg gallic acid equivalent/g (Silifke Aşı) and 28.75 mg gallic acid equivalent/g (Devedişi). In addition, antioxidant activities of pomegranate seed extracts were found between 17.56 (Erdemli Aşı) and 22.93% (Nizip). The total flavonoid contents of pomegranate seed extracts changed between 13.56 mgCE/g (Mayhoş) and 23.51 mgCE/g (Nizip).The total anthocyanin contents of seeds changed between 13.56 μmol/g (Mayhoş) and 23.51 μmol/g (Nizip). As seen in Table 2, the highest total anthocyanin content (23.51 μmol/g) was found in Nizip, followed by Silifke Aşı, Erdemli Aşı, and Hicaz varieties.
Continuous Electrochemical Detection of Gold Nanoparticles in Flow
Authors: Ogończyk D. , Gocyla M. , Andryszewski T. , Opallo M.
Published: May 2017

Nanoparticles have already found numerous applications and their global production is still increasing. Therefore, the engineered nanoobjects of uncertain toxicity become ubiquitous in the environment and a continuous monitoring of their presence is highly desirable. Here, we demonstrate a continuous electrochemical detection of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) based on synchronous processes of their electrodissolution and electrocatalysis. This approach is realized by the injection of nanoparticles suspension into the Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) system. The modular structure of FIA system is particularly applicable for carrying out of sequential operations: AuNPs passivation, oxidation of aqueous SO2 and gold. It enables continuous, fast and reproducible gold nanoparticles determination in a wide concentration range: 10−10– 10−7 mol nanoobjects L−1.
Reduce summer melt with texting that relies on artificial intelligence
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: May 2017

Georgia State University has implemented numerous initiatives that support student success, efforts that have earned the institution a high spot on U.S. News & World Report's “most innovative schools” list. The university has also met enrollment targets while maintaining quality. But with those successes came an unexpected challenge, said Scott Burke, associate vice president for undergraduate admissions. The percentage of students who indicated an intent to enroll but did not show up in the fall grew from 12 percent to 18 or 19 percent over a several‐year period.
Rural education presents unique challenges for adult learners
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: May 2017

Sarah Andrew, adult education program director for the University of Alaska Fairbanks at Bristol Bay, is a lifelong Alaskan. Andrew grew up in rural Alaska with parents who were teachers, inspiring her own love of education. “I knew that I wanted to be in education from an early age, but I also knew that I wanted to stay in the area [where] I'd grown up,” Andrew said.
Today's Public Outreach for New Projects Must Be Well‐Planned, Stay Current
Authors: Minear Beth R.
Published: May 2017

In the not‐too‐distant past, the standard outreach plan for many entities consisted of little more than advertisements in print media, donations to nonprofits or public fundraisers, a phone number for “customer service” questions, and maybe a monthly newsletter in a customer's energy statement. For projects where outreach was coupled with an “ask” from stakeholders, there would be public meetings, face‐to‐face before regulatory filings, and interviews with local (or national) media if the need arose. It took a lot of work to get a company message out and many messengers to handle stakeholder communications. Although there has always been opposition to companies and projects, other than a neighborhood phone tree or public meeting, cohesion was a rarity. For some companies, that may seem like nirvana, but that isn't positive or realistic.
Westinghouse Chapter 11 Bankruptcy: National Security Also an Issue
Authors: Sabino Anthony Michael , Abatemarco Michael J.
Published: May 2017

For over a century, the name “Westinghouse Electric” has been synonymous with the electricity industry here and abroad, often spoken in the same breath as titans such as Edison and Tesla. Within the industry itself, Westinghouse is legendary as one of the pioneers of nuclear power generation, foremost as the builder of the world's first commercial atomic reactor some 60 years ago.
Existing and Planned Infrastructure Can Handle Growing Southeast Gas Market
Authors: Smead Richard G.
Published: May 2017

There has been a lot written here and throughout the natural gas industry regarding the massive shift of dominant natural gas production from the traditional southern areas to the Northeast, and the radically changed role of the Southeast and Gulf Coast as the epicenter of gas demand growth.
Degradation of heme oxygenase‐1 by the immunoproteasome in astrocytes: A potential interferon‐γ‐dependent mechanism contributing to HIV neuropathogenesis
Authors: Kovacsics Colleen E. , Gill Alexander J. , Ambegaokar Surendra S. , Gelman Benjamin B. , Kolson Dennis L.
Published: May 2017

Induction of the detoxifying enzyme heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) is a critical protective host response to cellular injury associated with inflammation and oxidative stress. We previously found that HO‐1 protein expression is reduced in brains of HIV‐infected individuals with HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) and in HIV‐infected macrophages, where this reduction associates with enhanced glutamate release and neurotoxicity. Because HIV‐infected macrophages are a small component of the cellular content of the brain, the reduction of macrophage HO‐1 expression likely accounts for a small portion of brain HO‐1 loss in HIV infection. We therefore investigated the contribution of astrocytes, the major pool of brain HO‐1. We identified immunoproteasome‐mediated HO‐1 degradation in astrocytes as a second possible mechanism of brain HO‐1 loss in HIV infection. We demonstrate that prolonged exposure of human fetal astrocytes to interferon‐gamma (IFNγ), an HIV‐associated CNS immune activator, selectively reduces expression of HO‐1 protein without a concomitant reduction in HO‐1 RNA, increases expression of immunoproteasome subunits, and decreases expression of constitutive proteasome subunits, consistent with a shift towards increased immunoproteasome activity. In HIV‐infected brain HO‐1 protein reduction also associates with increased HO‐1 RNA expression and increased immunoproteasome expression. Finally, we show that IFNγ treatment of astrocytic cells reduces HO‐1 protein half‐life in a proteasome‐dependent manner. Our data thus suggest unique causal links among HIV infection, IFNγ‐mediated immunoproteasome induction, and enhanced HO‐1 degradation, which likely contribute to neurocognitive impairment in HAND. Such IFNγ‐mediated HO‐1 degradation should be further investigated for a role in neurodegeneration in inflammatory brain conditions.

Brief Summary

Kovacsics et al. identify immunoproteasome degradation of heme oxygenase‐1 (HO‐1) in interferon gamma‐stimulated astrocytes as a plausible mechanism for the observed loss of HO‐1 protein expression in the brains of HIV‐infected individuals, which likely contributes to the neurocognitive impairment in HIV‐associated neurocognitive disorders.
Assessing bipolar disorder in the older adult: the GERI‐BD toolbox
Authors: Marino Patricia , Schulberg Herbert C. , Gildengers Ariel G. , Mulsant Benoit H. , Sajatovic Martha , Gyulai Laszlo , Aljurdi Rayan K. , Evans Laurie Davan , Banerjee Samprit , Gur Ruben C. , Young Robert C. ,   For the GERI‐BD Study Group
Published: May 2017

Introduction

The evidence base regarding characteristics of older adults with bipolar disorder (BD) remains limited. The NIH‐funded multicenter study Acute Pharmacotherapy of Late‐Life Mania (GERI‐BD) assessed various clinical domains before and during mood stabilizer treatment in older adults participating in a 9‐week, double‐blind randomized controlled trial. We describe the rationale for selecting these instruments.

Methods

Domains and instruments were selected on the basis of the study design and the participants. The investigators' experience in clinical trials involving young adults with BD or older adults with major depressive disorder, along with open studies of older adults with BD, contributed to the selection process.

Results

We identified domains and selected instruments that could be used to assess the participants given their diagnostic, treatment history, and medical and mood state characteristics. They were also intended to measure tolerability and efficacy and permit examination of potential moderating and mediating factors.

Conclusions

Decisions regarding the assessment domains to be included in the clinical trial highlight the challenges facing researchers studying drug treatments for older adults with BD, or more generally, mood disorders. We suggest that the domains and instruments selected by GERI‐BD investigators constitute a “toolbox” that can be customized for other investigators. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Public Practices and Personal Perspectives
Authors: Kaebnick Gregory E.
Published: May 2017

I once heard John Arras, who was one of bioethics’ bright lights and, toward the end of his life, a member of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues, remark that it is hard for an ethics commission not to “do paint‐by‐numbers ethics.” What I think Arras had in mind is an approach that, in the set of essays that make up this special report, Rebecca Dresser describes as a listing of “general, often relatively uncontroversial” moral positions to support largely procedural recommendations. Arras was calling attention to one of the challenges and sometimes frustrations of commission thinking. It is a recurring topic in this special report, Goals and Practices of Public Bioethics, which features a series of reflections about how national bioethics commissions around the world have contributed to public understanding and public policy about bioethical issues. Both the topic and the authors are drawn from the final two public meetings of the PCSBI, which was the most recent U.S. example of a national bioethics commission and whose winding down created an occasion for pondering the different forms and functions of bioethics commissions.
The Past, Present, and Future of Mexico's National Bioethics Commission
Authors: de Chavez Manuel Ruiz , Orozco Aidee , Olaiz Gustavo
Published: May 2017

The establishment of Mexico's National Bioethics Commission (Comisión Nacional de Bioética), in 1992, was conceived within the context of a global movement aimed at raising awareness of the ethical implications of technological and scientific development, especially in biomedicine. In 2005, a new decree put the commission under the scope of the Secretariat of Health and granted it technical and operational autonomy, allowing it to become a regulatory agency aimed at promoting a culture of bioethics, encouraging reflection on human health, and developing guidelines for health care, research, and education, through a global, secular, and democratic perspective. The commission became the leading actor in the strategy for institutionalizing bioethics in Mexico after reforms to the country's General Health Act in 2011, which required that public, social assistance, or private health care facilities establish a hospital bioethics committee to address bioethical dilemmas or issues and, when relevant, a research ethics committee to address research with human subjects. This assignment has shifted the focus of the activities and goals of the National Bioethics Commission toward establishing these committees in line with current regulations and developing mechanisms to ensure that they operate with the highest standards of ethical conduct, performance, and accountability.
Reflections on Democratic Deliberation in Bioethics
Authors: Gutmann Amy , Wagner James W.
Published: May 2017

Over the course of six years and more than two dozen meetings, members of the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues learned so many things: about emerging science; technological challenges; citizen engagement; the public's, experts’, and our own understandings and misperceptions; and even the nature of our own most cherished values. Our commission's commitment to democratic deliberation began deliberatively, when we decided (in the summer of 2010) upon basic principles to guide our first report. At the time, Craig Venter had just announced that he had used techniques of synthetic biology to “create life,” albeit the most elementary form of life, from nonliving building blocks. Headlines alternated between applauding Venter for creating life and accusing him of playing God. It was one of those all‐too‐frequent instances where sound‐bite democracy was headed toward shedding more heat and fear than light and understanding. The commission was asked to take synthetic biology under review and make recommendations to President Obama on how to proceed. We saw the need to question the most salient facts of the matter: what were the fundamental values at stake in this kind of discovery?
Challenges Working with Presidential Bioethics Commissions
Authors: Macklin Ruth
Published: May 2017

Presidential commissions come and go by design, and it is reasonable to wonder about the impact of their recommendations. I have been involved in the work of two presidential commissions: as a member of the Advisory Committee on Human Radiation Experiments (from 1994 to 1995) and as senior consultant to the National Bioethics Advisory Commission (from 1999 to 2000) for its report on multinational research. I continue to reflect on and look for the impact of both these commissions.

ACHRE's charter included the review of experiments with ionizing radiation sponsored or conducted by the United States government since the 1940s. The committee was also charged with investigating specific intentional releases of radiation into the environment. ACHRE had a somewhat unique difficulty built into its work: the need to make retrospective ethical judgments. With the National Bioethics Advisory Commission, my main role as senior consultant consisted of writing chapters of the report on multinational research for the commissioners’ approval. A more important concern for me as a hired consultant was how to maintain intellectual and moral integrity. Unlike when writing scholarly papers, where I can express my own views, when I was drafting text for a presidential commission, the commissioners’ views took precedence over my own when we disagreed. I wondered, how much could I comply with the commissioners’ positions without compromising my own integrity?
Loss of L‐selectin‐guided CD8+, but not CD4+, cells protects against ischemia reperfusion injury in a steatotic liver
Authors: Kolachala Vasantha L. , Palle Sirish , Shen Ming , Feng Alayna , Shayakhmetov Dmitry , Gupta Nitika A.
Published: May 2017

Steatotic liver responds with increased hepatocellular injury when exposed to an ischemic‐reperfusion insult. Increasing evidence supports the role of immune cells as key mediators of this injury in a normal (lean) state, but data about their role in a steatotic liver are practically nonexistent. The objective of the current study was to delineate the contribution of specific phenotypes of T cells and adhesion molecules in exacerbated cell death in steatotic liver injury. RNA sequencing was performed on isolated steatotic primary hepatocytes, and T‐cell markers were assessed in hepatic lymphocytes after ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) in high‐fat diet (HFD)–fed mice. Cluster of differentiation 8 knockout (CD8−/−) and CD4−/− mice along with CD8 and L‐selectin antibody–treated mice were fed an HFD, and hepatocellular injury was assessed by histology, propidium iodide injection, and alanine aminotransferase after IRI. RNA sequencing demonstrated a strikingly differential gene profile in steatotic hepatocytes versus lean hepatocytes. After injury, the HFD liver showed increased necrosis, infiltrating CD8+ cells, alanine aminotransferase, and proinflammatory cytokines. Hepatic lymphocytes demonstrated increased CD8+/CD62L+(L‐selectin) cells in HFD‐fed mice after IRI. CD8−/− mice and CD8‐depleted C57BL/6 mice demonstrated significant protection from injury, which was not seen in CD4−/− mice. L‐selectin blockade also demonstrated significant hepatoprotection from IRI. L‐selectin ligand MECA‐79 was increased in HFD‐fed mice undergoing IRI. Conclusion: Blockade of CD8 and L‐selectin, but not CD4, ameliorated hepatocellular injury, confirming that CD8+ cells are critical drivers of injury in a steatotic liver; this represents a therapeutic target in steatotic liver injury, underlining the importance of development of therapies specific to a steatotic liver. (Hepatology 2017;66:1258‐1274).