bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
American Civic Tradition after 9/11
Authors: Johnson Stephen M.
Published: March 2015

Re-opening discussion of ‘American civil religion’ insights would have been much easier in the ashen glow of 9/11 than it is three years later. But the Bush administration’s war in Iraq and domestic Patriot Act, however invidious their version of patriotism, do not warrant academics’ or progressives’ repetition of possibly their biggest mistake of the 1960s and 70s. Their growing disdain for anything resembling national affirmation, along with their short-sighted discarding of Robert Bellah’s insights into an ‘American civil’ form of implicit religion, could well be argued to have eventually cost themselves, their country, its explicit religious institutions, and even the world, all too dearly. Renewed consideration of Bellah’s early ideas, expanded by old and new popular and academic perspectives, suggests Americans’ need for nurturing a mature civic faith that is surprisingly ‘traditional’ and cutting-edge critical. The nature, need, and good possibilities of such civic faith are shown first by rescuing the discussion from its mis-naming and premature burial, and then by re-animating it with Catholic perspectives from Andrew Greeley and G. K. Chesterton, with worldly wisdom from James Baldwin, with theological insights from postmodern Jewish thinkers, and with enduring discernment from H. Richard Niebuhr.
A Reply to Gollnick -- Implicit Relgion isn't Spirituality in Disguise
Authors: Grainger Roger
Published: March 2015

In a recent article in Implicit Religion, James Gollnick compares implicit religion with ‘non-religious spirituality’, and draws the conclusion that they are both the same kind of thing:
Implicit religion appears to be indistinguishable from the kind of non-religious spirituality that is becoming increasingly widespread in our society. (Implicit Religion 6.3: 158)
He borrows the idea of spirituality which is non-religious from James Fuller, who contrasts it with ‘activities which may function like a religion but lack a distinctively spiritual quality’ (p. 152). The homologisation of spirituality with implicit religion appears to be widespread, so much so that a succession of articles recently appearing in this journal use the terms interchangeably. There is, of course, an obvious relationship between religion itself—both explicit and implicit—and spirituality, just as there is between explicit and implicit religion; but they are not the same relationship. ‘Spirituality’ and ‘implicit religion’ denote two distinct ways of being related to explicit religiosity, which may overlap but should not be taken as congruent.
David Jasper, The Sacred Desert: Religion, Literature, Art, and Culture.
Authors: Byrne Mark
Published: March 2015

David Jasper, The Sacred Desert: Religion, Literature, Art, and Culture. Blackwell, Oxford, 2004, pp. 208, ISBN 1405119748 (Hbk), 1405119756 (Pbk)
Charles Prebish and Martin Baumann (eds.), Westward Dharma: Buddhism Beyond Asia.
Authors: Rocha Cristina
Published: March 2015

Charles Prebish and Martin Baumann (eds.), Westward Dharma: Buddhism Beyond Asia. University of California Press, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, 2002, pp. 407, ISBN 0520226259 (Hbk), 0520234901 (Pbk)
‘Those Murderous Dayaks’
Authors: Hawkins Mary
Published: March 2015

In March of 2001, in central Kalimantan, a group of Dayaks, the indigenous peoples of Borneo, attacked and killed a number of Madurese farmers. These farmers had been settled in the area for some years, under the sponsorship of an Indonesian Government transmigration programme which, since 1953, has been responsible for the relocation in Kalimantan of literally tens of thousands of families from Java, Madura, and Bali. While ethnic difference has frequently been cited, both locally and nationally, as the cause of violence between, for example, Dayaks and Madurese, the constitution of Kalimantan’s ethnic groups, the historical, social and economic conditions under which they emerge, and the link between such ethnic groupings and inter-ethnic violence, has rarely been examined. This paper explores the relationship between national policies of resettlement and resource management and the emergence of a sometimes bloody politics of ethnicity in Kalimantan. It argues that while religious difference is frequently cited as in some way causing conflict, competition between locals, migrant groups, and the State over control of resources is a more crucial factor.
Urban Heirs of Ibn al-‘Arabi and the Defence of Religious Pluralism in Contemporary Indonesia
Authors: Howell Julia Day
Published: March 2015

This paper calls attention to the appreciative interest Indonesia’s cosmopolitan Muslim urbanites are now showing in Ibn al-‘Arabi’s Unity of Being metaphysics and in Sufi spiritual practices associated with it. Introducing two recently

formed groups, Padepokan Thoha and Pusaka Hati, that facilitate study and practice in this tradition, the paper accounts for the apparently paradoxical appeal of Wujudiyya Sufism, reviled by twentieth-century Muslim Modernists,

to religiously committed Muslims at the leading edge of the nation’s modernisation. Padepokan Thoha and Pusaka Hati’s this-worldly, non-authoritarian and inclusivist renderings of Wujudiyya Sufism model an alternative to the exclusivism now aggressively promoted by better-known Islamist groups.
Persistence of 'Folk Hinduism' in Malaysia and Singapore
Authors: Sinha Vineeta
Published: March 2015

This article examines contemporary forms of religiosity prevalent among Hindu communities in the modern-nation states of Malaysia and Singapore, recently separated as such, but with a long shared socio-cultural and religious history. The theoretical concerns in this paper—rethinking such categories as ‘folk Hinduism’ and exploring the shape of Hinduism in the Diaspora—are grounded in the current religious lives of Tamil, Hindu migrants, whose ancestors were moved into British Malaya from the mid-nineteenth century to the early decades of the twentieth century, as part of a larger colonial initiative. Today their descendants in the region are conspicuous in staunchly adhering to a range of ‘traditional’ Hindu religious practices imported from India, even as this domain is invented. The paper is grounded in primary ethnographic data that allow a mapping of the current field of ‘folk Hinduism’ in these regions. The discussion also centers on broader questions about the significance and consequences of this attachment to, and preference for, ‘folk’ Hindu elements amongst urban-based, formally educated individuals who also self-define themselves as rational, modern and progressive Hindus.
William Arnal, The Symbolic Jesus: Historical Scholarship, Judaism and the Construction of Contemporary Identity.
Authors: Crotty Robert
Published: March 2015

William Arnal, The Symbolic Jesus: Historical Scholarship, Judaism and the Construction of Contemporary Identity. London and Oakville, Equinox, 2005, pp. viii-98, ISBN1845530063 (hbk) 1845530071 (pbk)
Matthew Levering, Scripture and Metaphysics: Aquinas and the Renewal of Trinitarian Theology.
Authors: Payne Simeon
Published: March 2015

Matthew Levering, Scripture and Metaphysics: Aquinas and the Renewal of Trinitarian Theology. Oxford, Blackwell, 2004, pp. 254, ISBN 1405117338 (pbk)
Nicola Slee, Women’s Faith Development: Patterns and Processes.
Authors: Confoy Maryanne
Published: March 2015

Nicola Slee, Women’s Faith Development: Patterns and Processes. Aldershot, Ashgate, 2004, pp. xii + 205, ISBN 0754608867.
John A.L. Lee, A History of New Testament Lexicography. Studies in Biblical Greek, 8.
Authors: Parker Edmund A.
Published: March 2015

John A.L. Lee, A History of New Testament Lexicography. Studies in Biblical Greek, 8. Peter Lang, New York, 2003, pp. xiv + 415. ISBN 0820434809 (pbk).
Jenny Daggers, The British Christian Movement: A Rehabilitation of Eve.
Authors: Jensen Ann
Published: March 2015

Jenny Daggers, The British Christian Movement: A Rehabilitation of Eve. Ashgate New Critical Thinking in Theology and Biblical Studies. Ashgate, Aldershot, 2002, pp. 191, ISBN 0754606082.
Joshua Golding, Rationality and Religious Theism and Rodney D. Holder, God, the Multiverse, and Everything.
Authors: Fleming Chris
Published: March 2015

Joshua Golding, Rationality and Religious Theism. Hampshire, Ashgate, 2003, pp. 142, ISBN 0754615685 (Hbk), 0754615677 (Pbk).
 
Rodney D. Holder, God, the Multiverse, and Everything. Hampshire, Ashgate, 2004, pp. 220, ISBN 0754651169.
‘I didn’t know if it was illegal for her to talk about my religion in a job interview’
Authors: Imtoual Alia
Published: March 2015

Muslim women in Australia, as in many other majority non-Muslim countries, have experienced unprecedented levels of hostility and negativity over the last few years. These experiences have been described by the term ‘islamophobia’, a word that was coined in the mid-1990s in Britain and that has gained significant purchase in the British literature particularly. This term has not had the same level of influence in Australia, although its usage is becoming more popular despite some criticisms of its definition and application. This article discusses and develops these critiques and offers religious racism as an alternative term. It offers a critique of existing South Australian and Commonwealth anti-racism and anti-discrimination legislation and argues that, although there appears to be broad bureaucratic recognition of the existence of religious racism, the legislation does not protect Muslims in South Australia from such racism based on religious affiliation. This article also draws upon narratives told by young Muslim women in South Australia to illustrate not only the nature and pervasiveness of the racism they experience, but also the complete lack of protection for these women under existing legal frameworks.
Adam Possamai, In Search of New Age Spiritualities.
Authors: Cusack Carole M.
Published: March 2015

Adam Possamai, In Search of New Age Spiritualities. Aldershot, Ashgate, 2005, pp. 160, ISBN 0754652130.
Jon. D. Mikalson, Ancient Greek Religion.
Authors: Crotty Robert
Published: March 2015

Jon. D. Mikalson, Ancient Greek Religion. Malden, Oxford; Carlton, Blackwell, 2005, pp. xiv-225, ISBN 0631232222.
David Burrell, Faith And Freedom: An Interfaith Perspective.
Authors: Wilson James R.
Published: March 2015

David Burrell, Faith And Freedom: An Interfaith Perspective. Blackwell, Oxford, 2004, pp. 266, ISBN 1405121718.
Maurice Ryan (ed.), Jewish–Christian Relations: A Textbook for Australian Students.
Authors: Allen Barbara
Published: March 2015

Maurice Ryan (ed.), Jewish–Christian Relations: A Textbook for Australian Students. David Lowell Publishing, Ringwood, 2004, pp. 265, IBSN 1863551050
Celebrating the Past
Authors: O'Donoghue Michael
Published: March 2015

The Australian Association for the Study of Religions celebrates this year the thirtieth anniversary of its founding. This paper divides this history into three eras: Genesis between 1975 and 1984; Flowering between 1985 and 1994; and Challenging Times between 1995 and the present. The focus of the paper is the first and second decades of the Association.
Alexandru Popescu, Petre Tutea: Between Sacrifice and Suicide.
Authors: Hartney Christopher
Published: March 2015

Alexandru Popescu, Petre Tutea: Between Sacrifice and Suicide. Ashgate, Aldershot, 2004, 345pp., ISBN 0754635503 (hbk); 0754650065 (pbk).
David Keyworth, Troublesome Corpses: Vampires and Revenants from Antiquity to the Present.
Authors: Hartney Christopher
Published: March 2015

David Keyworth, Troublesome Corpses: Vampires and Revenants from Antiquity to the Present. Southend-on-Sea, Desert Island Books, pp. 320, ISBN 9781905328307.
Lynne Hume and Kathleen McPhillips (eds.), Popular Spiritualities: The Politics of Contemporary Enchantment.
Authors: Cusack Carole
Published: March 2015

Lynne Hume and Kathleen McPhillips (eds.), Popular Spiritualities: The Politics of Contemporary Enchantment, Ashgate, Aldershot, 2006, pp. xxii + 203, ISBN 0754639991 (hbk).
Muslim Discourses in Canada and Quebec
Authors: Disboni Ali G , Rossi Pierre
Published: March 2015

In this paper, we explore how Muslims are increasingly part of Western societies with a focus on Canada. The discourses redefining their ideas and opinions reflect how their ‘new’ milieu is both shaping and being shaped by them in a context characterized by the globalization of Islam and the individualization of faith. We end with some assessments for further theoretical and empirical research on the emerging Muslim identity, integration models and the Muslim faith itself.
Extreme Messianism
Authors: Pace Vincenzo
Published: March 2015

The article deals with the ultra-orthodox Jewish movement Habad movement. The movement represents a form of extreme messianism, capable of mobilizing its militants to perform a type of social action which is rational and undoubtedly oriented toward the affirmation of religious and political values. However, it is also a means to an end: if the age of the Messiah has come, its announcement must know no limits. The Habad movement is thus authorized to push the tradition to the very limits, inventing new and innovative repertoires of religious action and narratives. At the same time, the announcement of the Messiah cannot rest or accept compromises, especially not in Eretz Yisrael, that extraordinary place in the universe which is both real and symbolic. The restitution of even the smallest part is perceived not only as an attack on the “lives of the children of Israel” (according to the principle of pikuach nefesh), but also as an intolerable delay in the coming of the Messiah. In this case, messianic extremism is a form of inner-world asceticism which ensures the Habad movement not only social success and a relatively efficient organization, but also a type of rational action: extremism becomes a factor of rationalization in individual and collective life. From being a mystical community of pious Hasidim, it has become a successful modern charismatic enterprise on the market of symbolic and religious goods, able to compete with other socio-religious subjects in the same social environment.
From Five to Ten Dimensions of Religion
Authors: Vaillancourt Jean-Guy
Published: March 2015

Charles Y. Glock made a fundamental contribution to the sociological study of religion when, in order to ‘operationalize’ the concept of religion, he distinguished five major dimensions of religiosity: belief, experience, practice, theology (i.e., knowledge), and ethics (i.e., consequences). Going beyond these five important dimensions of religiosity, we can redefine the concept of religion by adding five more dimensions in order to take into account some of the structural and sociological components of religion. This expanded ‘dimensionalization’ of the concept of religion, grounded in the writings of classical and contemporary scholars, offers an updated and more complete instrument for the understanding and analysis of contemporary religious phenomena. With this new comprehensive view of the concept of religion, identity becomes a central and fundamental dimension, together with statuses, affiliation, community, and the relation to the divine (or the sacred).
Moby-Dick
Authors: Kreitzer Larry J.
Published: March 2015

This study builds upon my previous treatment of Melville’s Moby-Dick first published as ‘Moby-Dick: Encountering the Leviathan of God’ in my The Old Testament in Fiction and Film: On Reversing the Hermeneutical Flow (1994). The study continues the three-way dialogue set up within that book, with the biblical text, Melville’s novel and cinematic treatments of Moby-Dick being compared and contrasted. In particular, it offers a careful discussion of the most recent full-bodied cinematic adaptation of Melville’s classic tale, namely the film by the British director Franc Roddam. This film was released in 1998 and starred Patrick Stewart in the role of Captain Ahab. The article discusses some of the theological emphases within the film, particularly in the fields of biblical hermeneutics and inter textuality. Comparisons are also made between Roddam’s film and John Huston’s 1956 effort which starred Gregory Peck as Captain Ahab.
Re-visiting Denys Arcand’s Jesus of Montreal (1989)
Authors: Baugh Lloyd
Published: March 2015

Representing the historical Jesus and the Christ-event is a challenge cinema has taken on from its beginnings, developing both direct and metaphorical images of Jesus. Denys Arcand’s Jesus of Montreal (1989) holds a unique place in this canon because it proposes a direct portrait of Jesus and a metaphorical representation. This paper, updating and taking an earlier study of the film in new directions, is structured in four sections. First, it analyses the film as a metatextual, two-level narrative approach to the Jesus story; secondly, it considers some of the more significant parallels between Arcand’s film and the Gospel; thirdly, the paper uses Arcand’s film to open up new meaning in the Gospel text; and fourthly, it examines how the film offers an original and provocative way of representing the resurrection. Where indicated or helpful for the analysis of Arcand’s film, other films in the Jesus tradition are commented upon.
From Holy Harlot to Passionate Penitent
Authors: Kozlovic Anton Karl
Published: March 2015

Hollywood pioneer, Cecil B. DeMille, was a master of the American biblical epic, a pop culture professional, and a Christian true believer who went to great pains constructing religious characters whilst pursuing his cinematic art. Although eagerly awaited by the paying public, his films were frequently ignored, dismissed or devalued by academia thus resulting in scant scholarly attention and pedagogic under-utilisation. This situation needs urgent correction and renewal. Consequently, utilising humanist film criticism as the guiding analytical lens, the critical DeMille, film and religion literature was selectively reviewed, and his construction of Mary Magdalene within The King of Kings was explicated and briefly compared to other exemplars of this infamous scarlet woman. It was concluded that DeMille’s Magdalene was artfully constructed, dramatically engaging and scripturally insightful, thus demonstrating his deft skills as a cinematic lay preacher. Further research into DeMille studies and the emerging interdisciplinary field of religion-and-film was recommended.
Orientalism in Outer-space
Authors: Dunbar Scott Daniel
Published: March 2015

Several Hollywood science fiction films have recently appropriated Sanskrit mantras as a prominent feature in their musical soundtracks. Notably, Hollywood’s use of ‘SF Sanskrit’ tends to evoke a sense of militancy and war rather than tranquillity and peace, which has resounding Orientalist connotations. Nevertheless, it will be shown that the correlation between mantras and warfare actually has historical precursors within the Hindu tradition. To advance this thesis, two case studies are examined: (1) The Matrix Revolutions and (2) Star Wars Episode I—The Phantom Menace. It will be shown that each of these films presents mantras in cinematic contexts evoking militancy and war. Such positioning of Sanskrit in belligerent film space, however, raises interesting questions about evolving Orientalist stereotypes in popular culture: Why is Sanskrit associated with war in the SF industry? Is Hollywood’s appropriation of Hindu mantras a new ‘fad’ to market SF in ‘exotic’ Indian packaging or an effort to ‘spiritualise’ the genre? What does Hollywood’s use of Sanskrit tell us about emerging views of Hinduism in modern SF films, and about shifting views of the ‘Orient’ in popular culture?
Deepak Sarma (ed.), Hinduism: A Reader.
Authors: Foster Heather
Published: March 2015

Deepak Sarma (ed.), Hinduism: A Reader. Blackwell, Oxford, 2008, pp. vii + 413, ISBN 9781405149907 (pbk).
Online in the Evolution Wars
Authors: Aechtner Thomas
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the online enterprises of two Christian creationist organizations in the Evolution Wars, the collective debates of the twentieth and twenty-first centuries involving various religious beliefs and the theory of biological evolution. In affiliation with these disputes, the Institute for Creation Research and Answers in Genesis have employed every available mass media channel to circulate specific notions about faith and evolution worldwide. This paper classifies these mass media efforts as propaganda, and analyzes the online initiatives of both groups using a list of propaganda techniques developed in the work of Jowett and O’Donnell (2006). The resulting analysis exhibits how these organizations are utilizing the Internet, reveals key elements of these online anti-evolutionist enterprises, and briefly considers the significance of Evolution Wars cyber-propaganda.
Celebrity Push, Celebrity Pull
Authors: Norman Alex
Published: March 2015

Pilgrimages have been argued to be ‘journeys redolent with meaning’ (Digance 2006). Celebrities, those noted for their fame, have a gravitas, credibility, and power of association an unknown person does not possess, and status and functions that are arguably religiously equivalent. It is thus no surprise that celebrities are also used to promote tourist destinations. Similarly, the fame and attributed worth of celebrities results in their status in some fans’ eyes becoming similar to saints or holy people. Celebrity has been said to be an equivalent of religion in the modern world. Indeed, a famous person, or the sites associated with their life, can become destinations for pilgrimages in themselves at which the pilgrim-fans gain an experience of what Victor Turner termed ‘the Centre’. Sites such as Elvis Presley’s home Graceland, the graves of celebrities, their current residences, and even events they attend all become sites of celebrity pilgrimage. This study combines theories from the sociology of celebrity and religion, psychological studies of celebrity worship, and leisure involvement theory to explain this process. These are combined with theories from pilgrimage and tourism studies concerned with the dynamics of site popularity, and ‘push’ and ‘pull’ factors as a method of thinking through the issues of ‘celebrity pilgrimage’. It argues that celebrities both push and pull fans towards them in ways that are functionally pilgrimage.
Pilgrimage to Fallen Gods from Olympia
Authors: Digance Justine , Toohey Kristine
Published: March 2015

Contemporary Western society has an abundant variety of role models, with celebrities from all walks of life replacing yesteryear’s role models of military heroes and political leaders. However, sport has long provided religious and secular role models dating back to the ancient Olympic Games, and today every two years with the celebration of the summer and winter Olympics, more names are added to the Olympic pantheon of heroes. There is already a discrete acknowledged body of literature investigating celebrity sports men and women. This article draws on this literature specifically examining modern secular pilgrimage to sport celebrities, focusing on those who achieve fame and glory on the Olympic victory dais, but also those whose behaviour has led to their expulsion from Olympia. We suggest that because of the Olympic Movement’s philosophy of Olympism, it is different from other non-Olympic affiliated sporting organisations, and the price for transgression on and off the playing field can be higher.
Editorial: Introducing Interreligious Studies
Authors: Hedges Paul
Published: March 2015

Editor's Introduction
Michael T. Buchanan (ed.), Leadership and Religious Schools: International Perspectives and Challenges. Bloomsbury Academic, New York, 2013, pp. 224, ISBN 978-1-4411-7297-6 (hbk).
Authors: Cronshaw Darren
Published: March 2015

Book review.
Scott S. Elliott (ed.), Reinventing Religious Studies: Key Writings in the History of a Discipline. Acumen, Durham, UK, 2013, pp. xv + 280, ISBN 978-1-84465-655-4 (hbk), 978-1-84465-656-1 (pbk).
Authors: Fry Ian
Published: March 2015

Book review.
Mohammad Hassan Khalil, Islam and the Fate of Others: The Salvation Question, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2012, pp. 256 + xii, ISBN 9780199796731 (hbk).
Authors: Hedges Paul
Published: March 2015

Book review.
Danielle Kirby, Fantasy and Belief: Alternative Religions, Popular Narratives and Digital Cultures, Equinox, Sheffield, 2013, pp. ix + 194, ISBN 978-1-908049-23-0.
Authors: Robertson Venetia
Published: March 2015

Book review.
Gurdjieff and Katherine Mansfield Redux: Alma de Groen’s ‘The Rivers of China’
Authors: Cusack Carole M.
Published: March 2015

The brief residence of the New Zealand writer Katherine Mansfield (1888–1923) at G.I. Gurdjieff’s Institute for the Harmonious Development of Man at the Prieuré des Basses Loges, Fontainebleau-Avon, ended with her death on 9 January 1923. She had been diagnosed with tuberculosis in 1918 (the year of her marriage to John Middleton Murry), and her illness was in an advanced state when she arrived at the Prieuré on 17 October 1922, having joined the circle of Gurdjieffians around A.R. Orage in London in August of that year and heard P.D. Ouspensky lecture on a few occasions. Gurdjieff was reviled as a charlatan and held responsible for her death by hostile critics, but there is substantial evidence that his teachings, and the solicitation of certain of his pupils, eased her last months. This article examines the historical record of Mansfield and Gurdjieff’s interactions and compares this to a fictional rendition of Mansfield’s time at the Prieuré, the play The Rivers of China by Alma de Groen (b. 1941), herself a female writer from New Zealand, for whom Mansfield’s life and death are primarily to be interpreted through the lens of feminism. The Rivers of China (1987) won the Premier’s Literary Award for Drama in both New South Wales and Victoria, Australia, and is a demanding, yet rewarding, drama. It is interesting as one of the play’s parallel narratives (both of which focus on Mansfield) offers a rare fictional portrait of Gurdjieff. The play therefore functions as a conduit for transmission of the Gurdjieff–Mansfield relationship to audiences that may know little of these enigmatic and challenging figures, despite its particular interpretation of the factual record.
John Coltrane as a composer
Authors: Bruckner-Haring Christa
Published: March 2015

John Coltrane is mainly known as a jazz musician and excellent improviser, but he is also generally recognised as one of the great jazz composers. In this paper, an overview of Coltrane’s compositional works will be presented in the form of a comprehensive analysis of the composed themes of 55 selected recordings. These pieces have thoroughly been analysed regarding structure and form, harmony, rhythm and melody. The principal aim of this paper is to explore Coltrane’s basic compositional techniques. Regarding the main objective of this paper, the results of the overall musical analysis lead to the following categorisation: A. Blues pieces: pieces in common blues forms with the main characteristic of the subdominant in bar five. B. Pieces with functional harmony: functional relationship of chords with the main characteristic of a V7–I progression. C. Modal pieces: modal playing based on a few chords (or scales) without a V7–I functional relationship as main characteristic. The different types of Coltrane’s works, their specific characteristics and the applied compositional techniques will be demonstrated by discussing selected representative examples.
SCHRANS, Guy, Vrijmetselaars te Gent in de XVIIIde eeuw (Gent: Liberaal Archief, 2009), 831 pp., € 49, Hbk.
Authors: Maes Anaïs
Published: March 2015

Reviewed by: Anaïs Maes, Phd student, Interdisciplinary Research Group Freemasonry, Department of History, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University of Brussels), Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Elsene, Belgium. Email: anais.maes@vub.ac.be
Lodge of Sorrow for King Leopold I of Belgium (1866)
Authors: Tyssens Jeffrey
Published: March 2015

Belgian King Leopold’s connection to freemasonry was tenuous at best. He had been accepted ‘by proxy’ under the auspices of a Swiss lodge but most likely he never set a foot inside a lodge room. He was hailed nevertheless as a brother by Belgian freemasons. Leopold accepted the role of protector of the order when the young country had its own Grand Orient organized in 1832–33. But Leopold quickly developed hostility towards the Belgian lodges’ liberal positions and kept that negative opinion until his death in December 1865. In February 1866 the Grand Orient organized a widely attended lodge of sorrow for the departed monarch. The ritual explicitly echoed the then still largely proclaimed masonic spirituality and its conception of the immortality of the soul. The dead mason-king was symbolically integrated into the pantheon of national heroes, was reinvented with mythical qualities and was ‘instrumentalized’ as an icon to prove that freemasons were good patriots. The explicit expression of a deist worldview was meant to show that masons were no vile atheists either. Catholic opinion reacted vehemently against this recuperation of the monarch, but the 1866 ritual also led to a first but ever so meaningful protest by more radical freemasons who opposed this imposed deist doctrine. These polemics anticipated the progressive secularization of Belgian masonic rituals in the 1870s.
Women’s Freemasonry in the Age of Enlightenment
Authors: Jacob Margaret C.
Published: March 2015

This paper examines the reactions that women in freemasonry have received from both the left and the right. Neither side seems to have a very clear understanding and sexism lurks in many of these assessments. It then turns to what is now known about women in the eighteenth century European freemasonry with the proviso that there is still a great deal that we do not know about women’s involvement in the lodges. Perhaps only for France do we have a fairly detailed picture of where the lodges of adoption could be found and the nature of their membership.
‘Its members are of all sorts…’
Authors: Clements Diane
Published: March 2015

This paper analyses the ages and occupations of the men who joined co-freemasonry for men and women in the period 1902–1914. In seeking to establish why these men joined this form of freemasonry rather than the much larger, established and highly respectable all male freemasonry, it seeks to establish their beliefs and in particular their attitude to contemporary topics. The profile of the men in co-freemasonry was very similar to the members of all male lodges but what appears to distinguish them was their attitude to women and in particular their belief that freemasonry and the knowledge that it gave should be available to women.
Hidden in Plain Sight
Authors: Sommers Susan
Published: March 2015

Although the phenomenon of women in freemasonry has enjoyed considerable attention in European scholarship, the involvement of American women in fraternal organizations goes virtually unnoticed by the academic community. This is especially true for several American women’s organizations based on fraternal associations—the Order of the Eastern Star, the Degree of Rebekah, and the Pythian Sisters. This paper focuses attention on the largest of these groups, the Order of the Eastern Star, identifying and exploring the particular lacuna in the growing historiography of women’s voluntary associations in America that leaves the OES untreated.
Adoption Rite, its Origins, its Opening up for Women, and its ‘Craft’ Rituals
Authors: Snoek Jan A. M.
Published: March 2015

On June 10, 1774 the Grand Orient de France regularized its Adoption lodges, which had existed for about 30 years, and gave them new rules.2 I will present here a summary of the results of my research about the rituals practiced in the Adoption lodges.3 The main questions, which I shall try to answer here, are: Why, where, when and under which circumstances did the Adoption Rite originate, and how did its rituals get their form?
Abigail Blodgett Stickney Lyon’s Observations on Free Masonry
Authors: Kidd Karen
Published: March 2015

In her pamphlet, Observations on Free Masonry: with a Masonic Vision Addressed, by a Lady in Worcester, to Her Female Friend (1798), the New England writer Abigail Blodget Stickney Lyon—a well-educated woman for her time—voiced strong views about women and freemasonry. The dominant interpretation of her work has been that she approved of women’s total exclusion from freemasonry, her work described as antimasonic, and even a warning against illuminism. This article presents a different interpretation, that it is an advocacy of women only lodges, where women could labor within their own spheres in parallel with—and just as well as—men.
Women in Eighteenth-Century English Freemasonry
Authors: Péter Róbert
Published: March 2015

Drawing on several so-far neglected documents available in the Burney Collection of the British Library as well as in the Library and Museum of Freemasons' Hall in London, this paper investigates the gender structures and roles represented in English masonic constitutions, pamphlets, letters, rituals as well as newspapers of the long eighteenth century. First, it examines the origin and the public perception of the exclusion of women from the fraternity in England and discuses how freemasons defended this 'landmark.' Secondly, it analyses how and why English freemasons invited ladies to participate in various masonic activities including balls, feasts and public masonic ceremonies. Thirdly, it highlights how some English women, following the advice of some liberal-minded 'brethren', managed to subvert this gender-exclusive principle by establishing all-female and / or adoption lodges in the second half of the century. So far scholarship has dated the emergence of such lodges to the twentieth century in England. Finally, the paper will compare the gender constructions of traditional male masonic rituals with the first English ceremonies of adoption lodges admitting both sexes.
Editorial
Authors: Révauger Cécile , Pink Andrew , Tyssens Jeffrey
Published: March 2015

The editors introduce this double issue of JRFF which is devoted entirely to the theme of women and freemasonry.
WÄHRISCH-OBLAU, Claudia, The Missionary Self-Perception of Pentecostal/ Charismatic Church Leaders from the Global South: Bringing Back the Gospel. Leiden: E.J. Brill, 2009. x+428pp.Hbk. ISBN-10: 9004175083. €146/US$216.
Authors: Asamoah-Gyadu J. Kwabena
Published: March 2015

Reviewed by: J. Kwabena Asamoah-Gyadu PhD, Professor of Contemporary African Christianity and Pentecostal Theology, Trinity Theological Seminary, Legon. Accra. Ghana. E-mail: asagyadu@hotmail.com
KIM, Kirsteen, Joining in with the Spirit. Connecting World Church and Local Mission. London: Epworth, 2009. xi + pp. 319. Pbk. ISBN: 978-0-7162-06583. £23.75.
Authors: Burgess Richard
Published: March 2015

Reviewed by: Richard Burgess, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, B152TT . E-mail: r.h.burgess@bham.ac.uk
UGBA, Abel, Shades of Belonging: African Pentecostals in Twenty-First Century Ireland. Trenton, NJ: African World Press & Eritrea: Asmara, 2009, 284 pp. Pbk. ISBN 1-59221-659-5. US$ 29.95.
Authors: Hunt Stephen
Published: March 2015

Reviewed by: Stephen J. Hunt, Department of Sociology, University of the West of England, Frenchay Campus, Bristol, UK E-mail: stephen3.hunt@uwe.ac.uk
RANGER, Terence O. (ed.), Evangelical Christianity and Democracy in Africa. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008, xxx+267 pp. Pbk. ISBN: 978-0-195- 30802-0. £19.99.
Authors: Ward Kevin
Published: March 2015

Reviewed by: Dr Kevin Ward, Senior Lecturer in African Religious Studies, Department of Theology and Religious Studies, University of Leeds. E-mail: trskw@leeds.ac.uk
Alvara do López, Gilberto, El poder desde el Espíritu: La visión política del Pentecostalismo en el México contemporáneo. Buenos Aires: Libros de la Araucaria, 2006, 207 pp. ISBN 987-1300-02-6; 978-987-1300-02-0. €14.00.
Authors: Schäfer Heinrich
Published: March 2015

Reviewed by Heinrich Wilhelm Schäfer, Universität Bielefeld, Fakultät für Geschichtswissenschaft, Philosophie und Theologie der Universität Bielefeld. E-mail: Heinrich.Schaefer@uni-bielefeld.de / Adrián Tovar, Universität Bielefeld. E-mail: atovar@uni-bielefeld.de
The Jesus People Movement and The Charismatic Movement
Authors: Bustraan Richard
Published: March 2015

This article proposes that the Jesus People Movement should be considered part of the Charismatic Movement and that the taken-for-granted Third Wave as a historical paradigm stands as an obstacle to its inclusion. Although commonly interpreted throughout the 1970s as a third synchronic cousin with the Roman Catholic Charismatic Renewal and the Protestant Charismatic Renewal, Pentecostal and Charismatic scholarship’s paucity on the Jesus People Movement has resulted in its omission from the historiography of twentieth century American Pentecostalism. This exclusion was not an intentional decision, but the consequence of a lack in synchronic links to Pentecostal and Charismatic scholarship during the 1970s and the adoption of Peter Wagner’s Third Wave in the 1980s. Now that a decade has passed since the close of the century, time affords scholarship the necessary distance to reflect and reconsider how the twentieth century Pentecostal and Charismatic story might reconstructed.
Modernity and the Arrival of Pentecostalism in Britain
Authors: Kay William
Published: March 2015

The contours of European intellectual thought had, by the start of the nineteenth century, culminated in the contested concept of modernity. This paper traces the interpretation of that concept and shows how it created conditions that were later important to British Pentecostalism. Many of these conditions were embodied in the life and thought of John Wesley.
The Francis-Littler Charismatic Orientation Scale
Authors: Francis Leslie , Littler Keith
Published: March 2015

The aim of the present study is to develop and test a new measure of charismatic orientation capable of assessing the extent of the influence of the Charismatic Movement among Anglican clergy and useful for testing theories regarding the association between charismatic orientation and personality. Data provided by a sample of 232 clergymen serving in the Church in Wales supported the internal consistency reliability of the 21-item Francis-Littler Charismatic Orientation Scale, and, in terms of the Eysenckian dimensional model of personality, demonstrate that charismatic orientation scores are correlated positively with extraversion scores but independent of both neuroticism scores and psychoticism scores.
Gender Roles among Russian and Belarusian Pentecostals
Authors: Löfstedt Torsten
Published: March 2015

This is a study of the views that leading representatives of Pentecostal denominations in Russia and Belarus have regarding the roles of men and women in church and at home. Their views may be deemed traditional; they are convinced that women and men have unique roles given them by God. Ordained leadership positions in the church are reserved for men, and every husband is called to be “priest in the home”. While Pentecostals present the latter teaching as Biblical, I trace it back to St. Augustine. Russian Pentecostal gender roles are colored by Russian culture, but they differ from the surrounding culture in that Pentecostals give men greater responsibilities to care for their family. This may help explain the appeal of Pentecostalism to women, who are overrepresented in the denominations studied.
Theorizing Pentecostal Historiography
Authors: Haustein Jörg
Published: March 2015

Historians of Pentecostalism are often faced with a number of problems specific to the movement, most importantly its fragmented diversity and its providential outlook. The sources they encounter therefore contain many conflicting claims about the past and miraculous assertions, which are difficult to integrate into an academic historiography. Creating a factual historical account from these sources, however, not only proves to be difficult or impossible in many cases, it also fails to really analyse their narrative abundance. Newer theories of history, inspired by post-colonial and post-structuralist thought may help to solve this problem, since they argue for a linguistic approach to history, which in turn makes the analysis of historiography a central point of departure for the historian. By tracing out four of these theoretical contributions and applying them to a specific example from Ethiopian Pentecostalism, the article seeks to show a way forward in the writing of Pentecostal history.
Spirit and Church in the Ecclesiology of Lewi Pethrus
Authors: Aronson Torbjörn
Published: March 2015

The ecclesiology of Lewi Pethrus was formed in the early period of Pentecostal revival and built on elements from Pietism, Holiness and Baptist theology and historiography. The experience of the Spirit, Spirit baptism, spiritual gifts and the fivefold ministries was part of a belief in the restoration of God’s assembly in the last days. A strong tension developed in practice between the radical congregationalism inherent in the Baptist and Holiness traditions and the new experience of the Spirit. From a historical perspective, situated in the Swedish social and political context of the late 1910s and the 1920s, Pethrus’s radical congregationalism was a parallel to political movements that built on the democratic ideals of older social movements, but radicalized them. In the later part of his life, Pethrus partially revised his congregationalism and emphasized the sovereign move of the Spirit.
The Variety of Holy Spirit Possession
Authors: Burrow-Branine Jonathan
Published: March 2015

This article seeks to extend Emma Cohen’s cross-cultural categorization of spirit possession to the phenomena of Holy Spirit possession in Pentecostal and Charismatic Christian communities. Cohen argues that cross-culturally recurring features of spirit possession can be explained by evolved patterns in human cognition, and identifies a typology of executive possession and pathogenic possession. I show the usefulness of Cohen’s categorization through an analysis of Holy Spirit possession phenomena as reported in ethnographic studies of Pentecostalism in Jamaica, Papua New Guinea, and Ghana. By doing so, this article accomplishes several things. First, it draws the study of Pentecostal ritual into the wider study of the anthropology of religion. Second, since Cohen’s categorization offers a cognitive explanation for recurring patterns of spirit possession, this article may help explain patterned behaviors and beliefs concerning the activity of the Holy Spirit even in very diverse cultural contexts. Finally, Cohen’s concepts of executive and pathogenic possession broaden the discussion of Holy Spirit possession beyond moments of the initial baptism in the Holy Spirit to the continual presence and relationship that many Pentecostals maintain as the central focus of their religious experience.
“Going the Other Way Around”
Authors: Hutchinson Mark
Published: March 2015

One of the really interesting things about current scholarship in the history of Pentecostalism is the way that generations interact reflexively. The trend, as we shall see in this paper, is away from the idea of Pentecostalism having one particular point of origin (in its first wave associated with Azusa Street, in its third with Dennis Bennett in California), through Pentecostalism as multicentred in origin but convergent in development (around constructive “myths” or “symbols” of Azusa Street or Van Nuys, or wherever), towards the view in the current generation of writers that Pentecostalism has been multicentred in origin and divergent in development. I would suggest that there is an active philosophical change, towards acceptance of the globe as one place rather than the nation as the basic framework for historical understanding. The example I use in this paper comes from my work on the origins of the Charismatic movement in Australia.
Introduction
Authors: Haustein Jörg , Fantini Emanuele
Published: March 2015

.
The Early Charismatic Movement in the Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church
Authors: Eshete Tibebe
Published: March 2015

The Ethiopian Kale Heywet Church (KHC), which is an outgrowth of the Evangelical SIM missionaries, has the largest following of Evangelical Christians in Ethiopia, comprising over 7 million members. For the most part of its history, the Church has kept the doctrinal identity of its forebears and remained closed to the influences of Pentecostalism. Today, the picture has changed as most of the churches under its umbrella – both in the rural and urban areas – have become vibrantly Charismatic. What has transpired to bring about this change? This paper is an attempt towards offering an explanation. In doing so, it seeks to locate the primary impulse of the spread of the Charismatic movement in the KHC at a Christian fellowship called Hebret Amba (HA), which was established by students from Haile Selassie I University. Contributing to the spread of the Charismatic movement in KHC are the youthful and progressive nature of HA’s leadership (and its congregation), and the unique role that pastor Gosaye played in bringing his Pentecostal experiences from his Full Gospel Believers’ Church (FGBC, or Mulu Wongel) background to the Church. I seek to capture the bigger idea of the diffusion of Pentecostalism in the KHC within the framework of two interrelated concepts; namely, “nekekit” (literally, touch-touching), conceptually translated as interactionism/ intersectionism, and the “Mulu Wongel repertoire”.
Richie, T., Speaking by the Spirit: A Pentecostal Model for Interreligious Dialogue. Asbury Theological Seminar Series in World Christian Revitalization Movements in Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies no 6. Lexington, KY: Emeth Press ISBN: 97816094701442
Authors: Hüttenhoff Michael
Published: March 2015

Richie, Tony, Speaking by the Spirit: A Pentecostal Model for Interreligious Dialogue. Asbury Theological Seminar Series in World Christian Revitalization Movements in Pentecostal and Charismatic Studies, no. 6. Lexington, KY: Emeth Press, 2011. Pbk. ISBN: 97816094701442. $35.75.
From Monogenesis to Polygenesis in Pentecostal Origins
Authors: Stewart Adam
Published: March 2015

The idea that William Seymour’s Azusa Street Mission served as the isolated source of Pentecostal origination remains the dominant view among both Pentecostals and academics in the United States. In this article, I compare this well-known narrative of Pentecostal origins with the accounts of two lesser-known early missions that also contributed to the emergence of Pentecostalism: the Hebden Mission in Toronto, Canada and the Mukti Mission in Kedgaon, India. I argue that even a brief evaluation of these historical narratives (1) reveals that there was not anything particularly novel about the religious experiences described by the early participants of the Azusa Street Mission, and, therefore, (2) best supports a polygenetical rather than a monogenetical theory of Pentecostal origins. I conclude by offering some nascent suggestions for why a monogenetical theory of Pentecostal origination was so attractive to both early Pentecostal adherents and historians alike, despite the availability of evidence to the contrary.
The Groaning Earth and the Greening of Neo-Pentecostalism in the 21st Century Ghana
Authors: Golo Ben-Willie
Published: March 2015

From the angle of theology of mission it is imperative for the Christian faith to respond to the complex environmental challenges facing Africa. In this article, I explore the attitudes and responses of Ghana’s Charismatic churches, as a case study of neo-Pentecostal responses to Ghana’s environmental challenges. I further explore some theological and ethical imperatives that require neo-Pentecostals to integrate environmental protection into their missions agenda in today’s Ghana, in order to become environmentally friendly, as their “mission of reconciliation” requires of them. I argue that, as required by their theology of mission, Ghana’s neo-Pentecostals must reconcile with the earth and “be of the earth” through a re-interpretation of their “mission of reconciliation”. Source data for this work are both secondary and primary, utilizing both participant observation and analysis of interviews with selected neo-Pentecostal members and leaders in Ghana.