bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Race, Ethnicity and Subjective Well-Being: Exploring the Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Whites, Latinx, and Asians
Authors: Wadsworth Tim , Pendergast Philip M.
Published: June 2021

While much research has been done on the causes and correlates of subjective well-being over the last two decades, a relatively small number of studies have addressed disparities in subjective well-being between various racial and ethnic groups. Recently more research has addressed the differences between blacks and whites, and begun to unpack the causes for these differences. A smaller number of studies have started to look at differences between white and Latinx respondents. In the present work we add to this literature by examining differences in life satisfaction between white, Latin and Asian respondents, as well as the persistence of these differences after controlling for a variety of social, economic and lifestyle variables. After assessing how much of the racial and ethnic disparity between these groups can be explained by such factors, we present additional preliminary analysis that begins to explore the role of culture in understanding the relationship between race, ethnicity and subjective well-being.
Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 3
Authors: Xu Diana
Published: June 2021

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Journal of English Linguistics, Vol. 11, No. 3, 2021. 
Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 15, No. 3, June 2021
Authors: Lee Sunny
Published: June 2021

Reviewer Acknowledgements, Vol. 15, No. 3, June 2021
RINGS WITH A JORDAN DERIVATION WHOSE IMAGE IS CONTAINED IN THE NUCLEI OR COMMUTATIVE CENTER
Authors: YEN CHEN-TE
Published: June 2021

Let $R$ be a nonassociative ring, $N$, $L$ and $G$ the left nucleus, right nucleus and nucleus respectively. It is shown that if $R$ is a prime ring with a Jordan derivation d such that $d(R) \subseteq G$ and $(d^2 R), R) \subseteq N$ or $(d^2(R), R) \subseteq L$ then either $R$ is associative or $2d^2 =0$. Moreover. if $(d(R), R) =0$ then either $R$ is associative and commutative or $2d =0$. We also prove that if $R$ is a prime ring with a derivation $d$ and there exists a fixed positive integer $n$ such that $d^n(R) \subseteq G$ and $(d^n(R), R) =0$ then $R$ is associative and $d^n =0$, or $R$ is associative and commutative, or $d^{2n} = (\frac{(2n)!}{n!})d^n = 0$. This partially generalize the results of [3]. We also obtain some results on prime rings with a derivation satisfying other hypotheses.
A NOTE ON HUA'S INEQUALITY FOR COMPLEX NUMBERS
Authors: YANG GOU-SHENG , HAN BAE-KEWI
Published: June 2021

In this paper we give a general Hua's inequality involving a finite se­ quence of complex numbers.
Assessment of the risk of foreign divestment in Poland during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Salamaga Marcin
Published: June 2021

The importance of foreign direct investment (FDI) to the economic development of Poland cannot be overestimated, both at the regional level and in relation to the economy as a whole. Since FDIs are powered by capital sensitive to various national and international crises, it seems natural to ask whether the situation connected with the global COVID-19 pandemic is reflected in the reduction of FDI inflows to Poland. The aim of the paper is to identify the determinants of the foreign divestment process in the Polish economy as a whole and in its main sectors during the COVID-19 pandemic. The article analyses scenarios of foreign divestment in Poland in an annual perspective, starting from the outbreak of the epidemic in March 2020 up to February 2021. The study used data from a survey conducted in April and May 2020 among nearly 500 enterprises realising FDI in Poland. The benchmark for the surveyed companies was the level of their involvement in FDIs covering a one-year period prior to the announcement of the epidemic. The application of logit models allowed the identification of the most important factors of foreign divestment during COVID-19, including the location of FDIs in the services sector, industry, the IT sector, increased market openness and interactions of variables taking into account the restrictions introduced to the economy due to the pandemic. The level of risk of divestment of these variables depends, however, on the volume of FDI reductions declared by investors and on the sector of the economy. If considerable divestment is assumed, FDIs in the services sector are then burdened with a higher risk of divestment than FDIs in the processing industry. Assuming small divestments, FDIs in the IT sector constitute a factor bearing the greatest risk of FDI reduction in the entire economy.
Ukrainian Studies as a Factor in the Education of a Nationally Conscious Personality
Authors: Maftyn Larysa
Published: June 2021

The article reveals the role of Ukrainian studies in the process of forming a nationally conscious personality. Scientific approaches to the
interpretation of the concepts “national consciousness”, “national selfconsciousness”, “national identification”, “Ukrainian studies” are generalized. The thesis is substantiated that Ukrainian studies should become a scientific and practical basis for the development of modern education,
updating its content and educational influences, adequate to the needs of an independent Ukrainian state. It is emphasized that in the existence of
the Ukrainian people, the national identity is a leading factor in the formation of civil society.
Evolution and Dynamics of Sexual Behavior Patterns
Authors: Łukomska Marzena , Łukomski Jerzy
Published: June 2021

The article contains a historical – anthropological view of the woman and her sexuality. It also includes ancient myths and cultures, medieval beliefs, until the sexual revolution of the 20th century and emancipation movements. The impact of systemic transformation on changes in hu-man consciousness and behaviour was also addressed. These changes also apply to the modern family as well as the occurrence of phenomena classified as pathological and/or deviant. The article, in its broader con-text, also touches on the changes that have taken place in the field of sexual mores under the influence of industrialization, urbanization and the transition from traditional to industrialized society. In addition, forms of socio-existorical prostitution have been shown.
Social Perception of Old Age in the Context of the Family Environment
Authors: Piestrzyński Wojciech , Sarzała Dariusz
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, geriatrics and gerontology are facing a great social chal-lenge. On the one hand, the age of human life is significantly extended, and on the other hand, families of people in the third age increasingly do not feel obliged to surround their Seniors with support and care. The life of older people, even in modern well-organized and affluent societies, is not free from threats related to their safety. Therefore, the question arises how to act so that people in old age feel satisfied with the fact that they were given to live to a ripe old age? However, taking adequate measures in this area and ensuring them the need for security in all psychosocial dimensions requires, above all, a deeper understanding of the society's attitude towards people of senior age. This study presents the results of research on attitudes towards old age, perception of the senior age as a value in the upbringing of the young generation, and the place and importance of older people in the family.
Predictive capability of fasting-state glucose and insulin measurements for abnormal glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Chun Sungwook
Published: June 2021

Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the predictive capability of fasting-state measurements of glucose and insulin levels alone for abnormal glucose tolerance in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).Methods: In total, 153 Korean women with PCOS were included in this study. The correlations between the 2-hour postload glucose (2-hr PG) level during the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and other parameters were evaluated using Pearson correlation coefficients and linear regression analysis. The predictive accuracy of fasting glucose and insulin levels and other fasting-state indices for assessing insulin sensitivity derived from glucose and insulin levels for abnormal glucose tolerance was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.Results: Significant correlations were observed between the 2-hr PG level and most fasting-state parameters in women with PCOS. However, the area under the ROC curve values for each fasting-state parameter for predicting abnormal glucose tolerance were all between 0.5 and 0.7 in the study participants, which falls into the “less accurate” category for prediction.Conclusion: Fasting-state measurements of glucose and insulin alone are not enough to predict abnormal glucose tolerance in women with PCOS. A standard OGTT is needed to screen for impaired glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus in women with PCOS.
Gênero na Educação em Computação no Brasil e o Ingresso de Meninas na Área – uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura
Authors: Menezes Suzy Kamylla de Oliveira , Santos Mario Diego Ferreira dos
Published: June 2021

A inserção das mulheres na Computação apresenta desafios que envolvem questões de gênero. Em áreas como a tecnologia ainda é evidente que a atuação feminina é reduzida em comparação ao número de homens. A literatura aponta fatores que atraem e que diminuem o interesse das meninas em relação às disciplinas, cursos e profissões da Computação. Estudos e intervenções que busquem incentivar meninas e jovens para atuar nesta área podem contribuir para aumentar a inserção de mulheres na atuação profissional. O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar fatores relacionados à menor presença feminina em cursos de Computação e quais iniciativas são utilizadas para atrair meninas para essa área. Foi realizada uma Revisão Sistemática de Literatura (RSL) e utilizados os descritores: meninas, alunas, estudantes, ensino médio, ciência da computação, informática, tecnologia da informação, TI. Foram analisados 63 artigos. Os resultados mostram que as meninas do ensino médio ainda não conhecem bem a Computação, há receio quanto aos estereótipos dessa área ser masculina, sobre mulheres serem menos capazes e pouco representadas. Em sua maioria, os trabalhos relataram atividades práticas utilizando diferentes ferramentas, metodologias e estratégias para disseminar informações sobre a Computação e permitir que alunas do ensino médio vivenciem aspectos da área. Prevalece o uso de oficinas e palestras para abordar sobre as profissões da área, trabalhar a história das mulheres na Computação, bem como atividades sobre introdução a programação, desenvolvimento aplicativos e montagem de robôs. Conclui-se que a parceria entre universidades e escolas de ensino básico, principalmente as públicas, permite que as meninas possam compreender melhor as profissões da área da Computação. Isso permite que se visualizem na área futuramente, bem como podem conhecer mulheres estudantes de graduação e profissionais, sentindo-se representadas e empoderadas nesse processo.
Dyslipidaemia in African Children and Adolescents
Authors: Etaniamhe Orimadegun Bose
Published: June 2021

Dyslipidaemia tends to occur in children and adolescents and steadily worsens through to adulthood. The abnormal lipid profile in children with this disease is like what we see in adults with premature cardiovascular disease (CVD). Identifying children with dyslipidaemia and successfully improving their lipid profile may reduce their risk of accelerated atherosclerosis and premature CVD. In those children with severe dyslipidaemia due to a family history, treatment is used to decrease the risk of cardiogenic events. Screening for lipid disorders in children is based on the rationale that early identification and control of paediatric dyslipidaemia will reduce the risk and severity of cardiovascular complications in adulthood. Though lipid disorders and associated diseases are rare in children in Africa, there has been little research in this field. Emerging research indicates that obesity and cholesterol concerns is on the rise within children and adolescents of African descent. The definition of paediatric dyslipidaemia and the approach to screening, and diagnosis of lipid disorders in children are discussed in this chapter.
Clinical Use of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Bukulmez Hulya , Kumar Gurinder
Published: June 2021

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic multisystem autoimmune inflammatory disorder with considerable clinical heterogeneity and a prevalence of 26 to 52 out of 100,000. In autoimmune diseases, such as SLE, the immune system loses its ability to distinguish between self and other. Treatment of SLE is challenging because of clinical heterogeneity and unpredictable disease flares. Currently available treatments, such as corticosteroids, cyclophosphamide (CYC), and other immunosuppressive or immunomodulating agents, can control most lupus flares but a definitive cure is rarely achieved. Moreover, standard therapies are associated with severe side effects, including susceptibility to infections, ovarian failure, and secondary malignancy. Alternative therapeutic options that are more efficacious with fewer side effects are needed to improve long-term outcome. Mesenchymal stem cells/multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), which secrete immunomodulatory factors that help restore immune balance, could hold promise for treating these diseases. Because MSCs do not express major histocompatibility complex II (MHC-II) or costimulatory molecules, they are also “immunologically privileged” and less likely to be rejected after transplant. Stem cells are defined as a class of undifferentiated cells in multicellular organisms that are pluripotent and self-replicating. MSCs are promising in regenerative medicine and cell-based therapies due to their abilities of their self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potential. Most importantly, MSCs have immunoregulatory effects on multiple immune system cells. While some studies report safety and efficacy of allogeneic bone marrow and/or umbilical cord MSC transplantation (MSCT) in patients with severe and drug-refractory systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), others found no apparent additional effect over and above standard immunosuppression. The purpose of this chapter is to discuss immune modulation effects of MSCs and the efficacy of MSCs treatments in SLE.
Insights into the Role of Defective Apoptosis in Cancer Pathogenesis and Therapy
Authors: Thapa Sonia , A. Rather Rafiq , K. Singh Shashank , Bhagat Madhulika
Published: June 2021

One form of programmed cell death (PCD) is apoptosis. Defective apoptosis is an indispensable causative factor in the development of cancer that allows cancer cells to survive longer and favors the accumulation of oncogenic mutations. Further, upregulation of antiapoptotic proteins (e.g., Bcl-2, Mcl-1) and loss of pro-apoptotic proteins (e.g., Bid, Bad, Bax, Bak) strongly favors apoptosis evasion. The ability of cancer cells to evade apoptosis is critical for the progression and clonal expansion of malignantly transformed cells. Defective apoptosis imparts proliferative advantage to cancer cells or cells with the potential to become cancerous. The mechanisms employed by cancer cells to evade apoptosis can be used in the strategic design of therapeutic regimens aimed at exploiting apoptotic signaling networks to ensure tumor-specific cell death. Therefore, to ensure tumor-specific cell death, we may need to exploit the expression and/or function of different components of apoptotic signaling that are critical for maintaining cell survival and are regulated differently in tumor cells than normal cells. Both inhibitors of anti-apoptotic proteins and activators of pro-apoptotic proteins can be used for cancer therapy. In this chapter, we attempted to summarize the knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of defective apoptosis that could be translated into the development of novel therapeutic agents and therapeutic modalities for cancer treatment.
Main Concerns in Times of COVID-19 in Three Groups of People: Italians, Romanian Immigrants in Italy, and Romanians in Romania
Authors: Kosic Ankica , Dzamonja Ignjatovic Tamara
Published: June 2021

This chapter is a description of results of a study conducted in Italy involving Italians (N = 491), Romanian immigrants (N = 275), and Romanians in Romania (N = 312) with aim to explore the principal sources of anxiety and uncertainty during COVID-19 pandemic, and the differences between the groups. In addition, the study analysed the role of resilience as a potential moderator between perception of sources of anxiety during COVID-19 and distress. A questionnaire was administered containing several scales. Results showed that Italians and immigrants have similar concerns and that the perception of resilience play significant role in determining emotional distress.
Restoration of Endodontically Treated Teeth
Authors: M. Vikhe Deepak
Published: June 2021

A tooth that has been properly treated endodontically should have a good prognosis. It can resume full function and if necessary serve satisfactory as an abutment for a fixed and removable partial denture. However special techniques are needed to restore such a tooth. Traditionally, a pulpless tooth received a dowel or post to “reinforce” it and a crown to “protect” it. Until the introduction of ZnPO4 cement in the last century. The major problem with their use was that of post retention. Currently, the clinician can use a variety of port and core systems for the different endodontic and restorative requirements. However, no single system provides the perfect restorative solution for every clinical circumstance, and each situation requires individual evaluation.
Introducing Machine Learning Models to Response Surface Methodologies
Authors: Zhang Yang , Wu Yue
Published: June 2021

Traditional response surface methodology (RSM) has utilized the ordinary least squared (OLS) technique to numerically estimate the coefficients for multiple influence factors to achieve the values of the responsive factor while considering the intersection and quadratic terms of the influencers if any. With the emergence and popularization of machine learning (ML), more competitive methods has been developed which can be adopted to complement or replace the tradition RSM method, i.e. the OLS with or without the polynomial terms. In this chapter, several commonly used regression models in the ML including the improved linear models (the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model and the generalized linear model), the decision trees family (decision trees, random forests and gradient boosting trees), the model of the neural nets, (the multi-layer perceptrons) and the support vector machine will be introduced. Those ML models will provide a more flexible way to estimate the response surface function that is difficult to be represented by a polynomial as deployed in the traditional RSM. The advantage of the ML models in predicting precise response factor values is then demonstrated by implementation on an engineering case study. The case study has shown that the various choices of the ML models can reach a more satisfactory estimation for the responsive surface function in comparison to the RSM. The GDBT has exhibited to outperform the RSM with an accuracy improvement for 50% on unseen experimental data.
The Relationship between Land Use and Climate Change: A Case Study of Nepal
Authors: Thapa Pawan
Published: June 2021

Land Use and Climate change are interrelated to each other. This change influences one another at various temporal and spatial scales; however, improper land uses are the primary causal factor on climate change. It studies relevant literature and Nepal’s case to assess the relationship between land use and climate change. Similarly focuses on how land-use impacts climate change and vice versa. In recent centuries land-use change significant effects on ecological variables and climate change. Likewise, understanding the research on both topics will help decision-makers and conservation planners manage land and climate.
Analysis of the Characteristics of Children and Adolescent Patients Received Sealant after National Health Insurance Coverage using Big Data
Authors: Lee Hangil , Son Donghyun , Na Chaehyun , Kim Jihun
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics of pediatric and adolescent patients who received sealant after health insurance coverage based on demographic factors such as gender, age, insurance type, care institution and region.
Patient Sample Data from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service were used for this study. A total of 8,454,636 patients’ data were obtained from 2010 to 2017. Of these, 114,680 patients got sealant treatment. Females were more likely to receive sealant treatment than males. 5 - 9 year age group showed the highest number of patients and proportion of treatment. Patients with health insurance were more likely to receive pit and fissure sealant treatment compared to patients with medical aid program. The number of sealant patients and the proportion of sealant treatment were the highest in dental clinics, followed by dental hospitals and public health centers. The number of sealant patients were the highest in Gyeonggi and proportion of sealant patients were the highest in Jeonbuk.
The Prevalence and Characteristics of Pre-eruptive Intracoronal Radiolucencies in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Ahn Younghyun , Yang Yeonmi , Hwang Jaejoon , Jeong Taesung , Shin Jonghyun
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of pre-eruptive intracoronal radiolucencies (PEIR) from panoramic radiographs in Korean children and adolescents.
This study examined panoramic radiographs of 3,000 patients aged between 5 and 14 years old who visited ten dental hospitals in Korea. The age and gender of the patients, the tooth type, the number of intracoronal radiolucent lesions, and the location and size of the lesions were recorded.
The overall prevalence of patients with PEIR was 2.5%. The difference in the presence of PEIR between both genders was not significant. Within each tooth type, the mandibular first molar showed highest prevalence of PEIR (29.6%). The central part of the crown was the most frequently observed location of PEIR (56.8%). The size of the PEIR lesions was mostly limited to less than one-third of the thickness of coronal dentin.
Comparison of Musculoskeletal Disorders between Pediatric Dentists and General Dentists
Authors: Kim Gimin , Lee Jaesik , Kim Hyunjung , Nam Soonhyeun
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics related to the musculoskeletal disorders in pediatric dentists and general dentists. This study was conducted based on the survey results of a total of 109 dentists who have been working for the last year. Forty - three pediatric dentists and 66 general dentists were surveyed through online survey tool. Both pediatric dentists and general dentists mainly complained of musculoskeletal disorders in the neck, shoulders, wrists, and back. Most pediatric dentists usually suffered from back pain due to their unbalanced posture while giving dental treatments. Pediatric dentists in sedative treatment felt more pain in particular part of their body, such as neck and shoulder. Regular exercise and stretching for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorder have been shown to mainly relieve pain in the back but no other parts in their body.
Identification of Mesiodens Using Machine Learning Application in Panoramic Images
Authors: Seung Jaegook , Kim Jaegon , Yang Yeonmi , Lim Hyungbin , Le Van Nhat Thang , Lee Daewoo
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of easily accessible machine learning application to identify mesiodens, and to compare the ability to identify mesiodens between trained model and human.
A total of 1604 panoramic images (805 images with mesiodens, 799 images without mesiodens) of patients aged 5 – 7 years were used for this study. The model used for machine learning was Google’s teachable machine. Data set 1 was used to train model and to verify the model. Data set 2 was used to compare the ability between the learning model and human group.
As a result of data set 1, the average accuracy of the model was 0.82. After testing data set 2, the accuracy of the model was 0.78. From the resident group and the student group, the accuracy was 0.82, 0.69.
This study developed a model for identifying mesiodens using panoramic radiographs of children in primary and early mixed dentition. The classification accuracy of the model was lower than that of the resident group. However, the classification accuracy (0.78) was higher than that of dental students (0.69), so it could be used to assist the diagnosis of mesiodens for non-expert students or general dentists.
Comparison of Long-term Prognosis in Siblings with Dentinogenesis Imperfecta depending on the Timing of the Treatment Intervention : Case Reports
Authors: Kim Gimin , Lee Jaesik
Published: June 2021

Dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) is a hereditary disorder of dentinal defect. It is generally inherited as a single autosomal dominant trait. DI usually affects both the primary and permanent dentition. Affected teeth have various types of discolorations, rapid destruction of the dentin, and severe attrition. In radiologic view, the affected teeth have bulbous crowns, short roots and narrow or closed pulp chambers. The treatment objective is to prevent additional attrition and recover the vertical dimension of occlusion.The aim of this report was to present the long-term prognosis in 15 years in a pair of siblings. Both the patients had DI with tooth attrition and discoloration. Different treatment procedures were used, depending on the difference in the timing of intervention. The first patient saved most of his teeth. The second patient had all of her teeth extracted. This report could be helpful for early diagnosis and overall treatment of DI.
Aspectos socioeconômicos e ambientais da produção de farinha de mandioca na comunidade quilombola Amazônica do Cuxiú, Bonito/PA
Authors: Quadros Fernanda Gisele Santos de , Gomide Igor de Souza
Published: June 2021

Este trabalho teve como principal motivação, conhecer os aspectos sociais, ambientais e econômicos, inerentes à produção da farinha de mandioca na Comunidade Quilombola do Cuxiú, Bonito-PA, Amazônia. Na tentativa de alcançar esse objetivo geral sob a visão holística da sustentabilidade, definiram-se cinco objetivos específicos: a) Verificar entraves e potencialidades na produção de farinha na comunidade quilombola; b) Acompanhar a dinâmica social do beneficiamento da mandioca, dentro do cotidiano quilombola; c) Identificar a forma de descarte de resíduos provenientes do beneficiamento da mandioca; e) Identificar aspectos econômicos da produção de farinha de mandioca. As ferramentas utilizadas para a coleta de dados fora aplicação de formulários semiestruturados, entrevistas abertas e observações com registros audiovisuais. Através dos resultados obtidos, baseado na percepção dos comunitários foi analisada a importância da produção farinha como fator de reprodução social dos comunitários, bem como uma avaliação parcial dos aspectos ambientais referentes a atividade, pontuando possíveis impactos ambientais e ainda conhecer a forma de comercialização da farinha de mandioca pelos comunitários. A atividade de farinha historicamente acompanhou o processo de implantação e desenvolvimento da comunidade, garantindo a subsistência no campo e ressaltando a solidariedade e as relações de mutualidade entre o povo quilombola. Fatores como a disponibilidade de emprego no campo para os comunitários e o baixo nível de evasão, caracterizam a comunidade como socialmente sustentável. Enquanto isso, a simbiose entre a comunidade e os recursos naturais demonstra o interesse das famílias em manter o ecossistema local preservado e a necessidade de aprimorar as formas de produção na lavoura, sobretudo para melhorar o beneficiamento da farinha de mandioca. Portanto, a sustentabilidade econômica precisa ser aperfeiçoada através de novos nichos de mercado para escoar a produção da farinha de mandioca e melhorias na infraestrutura das casas de farinha para aumentar a obtenção de renda e a qualidade da farinha, produto tão importante para o desenvolvimento sustentável regional das comunidades tradicionais.
Ação antimicrobiana de actinomicetos rizosféricos de guaranazeiro
Authors: Martins Suzana da Silva de Oliveira , Mendonça José Luiz Vargas de , Nascimento Aryana Pinheiro do , Costa Neto Pedro de Queiroz , Barbosa Andrezza Miná
Published: June 2021

Conhecido popularmente como guaraná, Paullinia cupana Kunth var. sorbilis (Mart.) Ducke, da tribo Paullinieae, família Sapindaceae, é uma espécie nativa brasileira de considerável importância econômica na indústria farmacêutica e de alimentos. Os actinomicetos são qualitativa e quantitativamente importantes na rizosfera, podendo influenciar o crescimento de plantas e proteger as raízes da invasão de fungos patogênicos, podendo desta maneira, serem utilizados no controle biológico de doenças em plantações. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar ação antibacteriana de actinomicetos rizosféricos de guaranazeiro de plantações localizadas no município de Maués/AM, com o intuito de encontrar novos agentes antimicrobianos frente a bactérias patogênicas aos seres humanos. Foram investigados 17 actinomicetos isolados da rizosfera de guaranazeiro, e avaliados quanto sua atividade antimicrobiana frente a quatro bactérias patogênicas de interesse clínico. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumococo, Enterococcus faecalis e Bacilus subtilis. A avaliação da atividade antagônica pelos isolados, foi realizada através do método de cross streak e termoestabilidade. Os resultados revelaram que o isolado ACT 4 possibilitou a inibição de apenas dois patógenos, sendo estes, Staphylococcus aureus e Bacillus subtilis, enquanto o isolado ACT 93 exibiu amplo espectro de atividade contra todas as bactérias patogênicas gram-positivas avaliadas. Quanto à termoestabilidade e produção de metabólitos pelos isolados, apenas o isolado ACT 4 conseguiu inibir uma bactéria Enterococcus faecalis. Este estudo mostra que os isolados de actinomicetos têm o potencial de atuar como possíveis fontes de novos compostos antibacteriano contra micro-organismos patogênicos humanos. No entanto, ensaios mais aprofundados são necessários para que futuramente possam se formar uma entrada importante na indústria farmacêutica.
Indução de enraizamento de ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia Aculeata Mill) sob diferentes concentrações de ácido indolbutirico
Authors: Rocha Lucas Vasconcelos , Souza Júnior José Barbosa de , Gonçalves Rafael Gomes da Mota , Ferreira Julia Barra Netto , Araújo João Sebastião de Paula , Miranda Ricardo Mota
Published: June 2021

O uso de auxinas sintéticas aumenta a produção de mudas e melhora a uniformidade do enraizamento. Dentre essas, o AIB (ácido indolbutírico) é uma das mais utilizadas. A planta Pereskia aculeata Mill., conhecida como ora-pro-nobis, têm despertado o interesse devido ao elevado conteúdo proteico e a ausência de toxidade de suas folhas. Dentro desse contexto, esse trabalho teve o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de três concentrações do ácido indolbutírico (AIB - 0; 2000 e 4000 mg.L-1) na formação de raízes adventícias em três tipos de estacas caulinares (herbáceas, semi-lenhosas e lenhosas) de ora-pro-nobis (Pereskia aculeata Mill.) para a obtenção de mudas. As concentrações 2000 e 4000 mg.L-1, apresentaram os melhores resultados em número de raízes por estacas semi-lenhosa e lenhosa. Os índices de AIB não interferem no comprimento da raiz e sendo apenas as herbáceas os propágulos com menor comprimento de raiz.
Proteção jurídico-normativa da água
Authors: Parcio Juliana Aparecida , Caramello Nubia
Published: June 2021

É senso comum que a água é um importante recurso natural, através do qual a vida no planeta é mantida, sendo responsável por hidratar os seres vivos, manter o equilíbrio da biodiversidade e permitir o desenvolvimento de diversas atividades pelos seres humanos. Diante da importância desse recurso natural e de sua crescente demanda objetivou-se analisar a legislação, doutrina e jurisprudência relacionadas à proteção dos recursos hídricos, e seu direito de uso no Brasil. A metodologia utilizada foi a histórico-jurídica, por meio do método de abordagem descritivo e explicativo.  Traçou-se um panorama histórico do Direito das Águas do Brasil, passando pelo pioneiro Código das águas de 1934, que apesar de ter tido alguns de seus artigos revogados continua sendo uma referência jurídica importante, legislação esparsa que em alguns de seus dispositivos  remetem aos recursos hídricos, notadamente na intenção de tutelar a sua qualidade,  até chegarmos nas últimas décadas do século XX com a entrada em vigor da nova Política Nacional de Recursos Hídricos–PNRH, Lei 9.433/97 e seu Plano Nacional de Recursos Hídricos, que trouxe em seu bojo inovações relevantes para a gestão integrada e compartilhada dos recursos hídricos, fazendo uma abordagem dos recursos hídricos  não só quanto aos aspectos qualitativo mas também quantitativo.
Microscopic, histochemical and preliminary phytochemical characterization of leaves of Trema micrantha (L.) Blume
Authors: dos Santos Magalhães Cledson , Damasceno Sá Rafaela , Souto Maior de Araújo Baltar Solma Lúcia , Perrelli Randau Karina
Published: June 2021

Para enriquecer el enriquecer el conocimiento sobre Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo realizar la caracterización anatómica, histoquímica y fitoquímica de las hojas de la especie. Se realizaron cortes transversales del pecíolo y limbo, así como cortes paradérmicos del limbo, analizados en microscopía óptica y polarizada. Se utilizaron diferentes reactivos para el análisis histoquímico. Se han descrito estructuras anatómicas que proporcionan un diagnóstico detallado de las especies estudiadas. La histoquímica mostró la presencia de metabolitos esenciales (flavonoides, taninos, entre otros) para la especie y mediante análisis SEM-EDS se confirmó que los cristales están compuestos por oxalato de calcio. El análisis fitoquímico permitió la identificación de mono y sesquiterpenos, triterpenos y esteroides, entre otros. El estudio proporcionó datos sin precedentes sobre la especie, ampliando la información científica de T. micrantha.

In order to enrich the knowledge about Trema micrantha (L.) Blume, this research aims to perform the anatomical, histochemical and phytochemical characterization of the leaves of this species. Cross sections of the petiole and limbus were made, as well as paradermic sections of the limbus, analyzed in optical and polarized microscopy. Different reagents were used for histochemical analysis. Anatomical structures have been described and provide a detailed diagnosis of the species studied. Histochemistry showed the presence of essential metabolites (flavonoids, tannins, among others) for the species and through SEM-EDS analysis it was confirmed that the crystals are composed of calcium oxalate. Phytochemical analysis allowed the identification of mono and sesquiterpenes, triterpenes and steroids, among others. The study provided unprecedented data on the species, expanding the scientific information of T. micrantha.
Evaluación del UMELISA CHAGAS® con la incorporación de nuevos péptidos monoméricos y quiméricos representativos de diferentes regiones de Trypanosoma cruzi
Authors: Hernández Idialis , Hernández Milenen , González Jeny , Gómez Ivonne , Zulueta Orlando , Ramos Grisell , Ortega Darien , Bequer Dunia Clara , Martínez Giosvany Ernesto , Delahanty Aurora
Published: June 2021

Introducción. La mayoría de las personas con enfermedad de Chagas desarrolla anticuerpos específicos contra Trypanosoma cruzi. En la infección temprana se producen anticuerpos IgM contra T. cruzi que son reemplazados por IgG durante el curso de la enfermedad. Los primeros síntomas de la enfermedad suelen ser muy leves y atípicos, por lo que a menudo no se detecta en la fase aguda.Objetivos. Evaluar la sensibilidad y la especificidad clínica y analítica, la precisión y la eficacia del UMELISA CHAGAS® con la incorporación de nuevos péptidos sintéticos en la fase sólida representativos de la proteína SAPA (Shed Acute Phase Antigen) y del antígeno TSA (Trypomastigote Surface Antigen).Materiales y métodos. Se evaluó un panel de desempeño de título mixto anti-T. cruzi y uno de seroconversión de Chagas, así como muestras de suero positivas y negativas provenientes de zonas endémicas de la enfermedad y muestras positivas de otras enfermedades que podían interferir con la prueba. Las pruebas Bioelisa CHAGAS, Chagatest ELISA recombinante v. 4.0, Chagatest HAI y SD BIOLINE CHAGAS Ab Rapid, se emplearon como referencia.Resultados. Los porcentajes de sensibilidad y especificidad clínica fueron de 97,73 % (IC95% 96,23-99,24) y 99,33 % (IC95% 98,88-99,78), respectivamente. Se obtuvo un 98,96 % de eficacia y una buena precisión.Conclusiones. Los resultados demuestran que la nueva fase sólida del UMELISA CHAGAS® puede utilizarse para el inmunodiagnóstico, la certificación de sangre y la vigilancia epidemiológica en países endémicos y no endémicos con población de alto riesgo.
Tungiasis en el área urbana de Popayán, Colombia: reporte de caso
Authors: Ortega-Narváez Alicia , Vásquez-Arteaga Luis Reinel , Cujar-Otero Olga , Madroñero Daza Jehyson , Cabra-Bautista Ginna
Published: June 2021

La tungiasis es una ectoparasitosis endémica en Latinoamérica y está asociada a factores de riesgo como la ruralidad, la pobreza y la convivencia con animales. Popayán, una ciudad al suroccidente de Colombia, fue históricamente afectada por la tungiasis, tanto así que a sus habitantes los apodan “patojos” debido a la forma de caminar de sus habitantes infestados por la pulga. Hoy la enfermedad se creía eliminada.Se presenta el caso de un niño de 12 años procedente del área urbana de Popayán, que consultó por lesiones papulares de bordes circulares, centro negruzco y halo hiperqueratósico en ambos pies, de un mes de evolución. Por los hallazgos clínicos se sospechó tungiasis y se le administró ivermectina. Las lesiones se removieron quirúrgicamente y se enviaron para análisis parasitológico, el cual confirmó la presencia de Tunga penetrans. La evolución del paciente fue satisfactoria. La Secretaría de Salud Municipal de Popayán inspeccionó el domicilio del paciente y encontró perros migrantes del Pacífico colombiano en sus alrededores, algunos con lesiones sospechosas de tungiasis.Se documenta, así, el resurgimiento de esta enfermedad en el área urbana, probablemente debido a la migración de animales desde las zonas rurales. Es importante reconocer la existencia de la pulga en zonas rurales y urbanas, hacer el diagnóstico médico y reportar los casos a los entes de vigilancia. Estas acciones permitirán ofrecer un apropiado manejo y control sanitario de esta ectoparasitosis desatendida en humanos y animales.
Distributed ledger technology based robust access control and real-time synchronization for consumer electronics
Authors: Akhtar Mohd Majid , Khan Mohammad Zubair , Ahad Mohd Abdul , Noorwali Abdulfattah , Rizvi Danish Raza , Chakraborty Chinmay
Published: June 2021

Background

Consumer electronics or daily use home appliances are the basic necessity of every household. With the adoption of IoT in consumer electronics, this industry is set to rise exponentially. In recent times, the demand for consumer electronics rises amidst the pandemic due to a paradigm shift from in-office culture to work from home. Despite intelligent IoT devices, smart home configuration, and appliances at our disposal, the rudimentary client-server architecture fails to provide facilities like full access control of data and devices, transparency, secured communication, and synchronization between multiple devices, etc. to the users.

Methods

To overcome these limitations, Blockchain technology has been adopted in recent years, however, it has its own set of limitations in its widespread implementation. Hence, we propose a methodology using the IOTA platform, a distributed ledger technology (DLT) for secured communication between consumer electronics devices and appliances.

Results

The implementation provides access control, interoperability, data storage, and management with an exploratory insight towards a decentralized micro-payment use-case between Electric cars and charging stations.
Population structure, adaptation and divergence of the meadow spittlebug, Philaenus spumarius (Hemiptera, Aphrophoridae), revealed by genomic and morphological data
Authors: Seabra Sofia G. , Rodrigues Ana S.B. , Silva Sara E. , Neto Ana Carina , Pina-Martins Francisco , Marabuto Eduardo , Thompson Vinton , Wilson Michael R. , Yurtsever Selçuk , Halkka Antti , Rebelo Maria Teresa , Borges Paulo A.V. , Quartau José A. , Jiggins Chris D. , Paulo Octávio S.
Published: June 2021

Understanding patterns of population differentiation and gene flow in insect vectors of plant diseases is crucial for the implementation of management programs of disease. We investigated morphological and genome-wide variation across the distribution range of the spittlebug Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758) (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Aphrophoridae), presently the most important vector of the plant pathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa Wells et al., 1987 in Europe. We found genome-wide divergence between P. spumarius and a very closely related species, P. tesselatus Melichar, 1899, at RAD sequencing markers. The two species may be identified by the morphology of male genitalia but are not differentiated at mitochondrial COI, making DNA barcoding with this gene ineffective. This highlights the importance of using integrative approaches in taxonomy. We detected admixture between P. tesselatus from Morocco and P. spumarius from the Iberian Peninsula, suggesting gene-flow between them. Within P. spumarius, we found a pattern of isolation-by-distance in European populations, likely acting alongside other factors restricting gene flow. Varying levels of co-occurrence of different lineages, showing heterogeneous levels of admixture, suggest other isolation mechanisms. The transatlantic populations of North America and Azores were genetically closer to the British population analyzed here, suggesting an origin from North-Western Europe, as already detected with mitochondrial DNA. Nevertheless, these may have been produced through different colonization events. We detected SNPs with signatures of positive selection associated with environmental variables, especially related to extremes and range variation in temperature and precipitation. The population genomics approach provided new insights into the patterns of divergence, gene flow and adaptation in these spittlebugs and led to several hypotheses that require further local investigation.
Myocardial contrast echocardiography assessment of mouse myocardial infarction: comparison of kinetic parameters with conventional methods
Authors: Thielen Nicholas T. , Kleinsasser Adison A. , Freeling Jessica L.
Published: June 2021

This study explores the use of a minimally invasive assessment of myocardial infarction (MI) in mice using myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE). The technique uses existing equipment and software readily available to the average researcher. C57/BL6 mice were randomized to either MI or sham surgery and evaluated using MCE at 1- or 2-weeks post-surgery. Size-isolated microbubbles were injected via retro-orbital catheter where their non-linear characteristics were utilized to produce the two-dimensional parameters of Wash-in-Rate and the Peak Enhancement, indicative of relative myocardial perfusion and blood volume, respectively. Three-dimensional cardiac reconstructions allowed the calculation of the Percent Agent, interpreted as the vascularity of the entire myocardium. These MCE parameters were compared to conventional assessments including M-Mode, strain analysis, and 2,3,5-Triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. Except for the Wash-in-Rate 2-week cohort, all MCE parameters were able to differentiate sham-operated versus MI animals and correlated with TTC staining (P < 0.05). MCE parameters were also able to identify MI group animals which failed to develop infarctions as determined by TTC staining. This study provides basic validation of these MCE parameters to detect MI in mice complementary to conventional methods while providing additional hemodynamic information in vivo.
Vibrio alginolyticus influences quorum sensing-controlled phenotypes of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease-causing Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Paopradit Panida , Tansila Natta , Surachat Komwit , Mittraparp-arthorn Pimonsri
Published: June 2021

Background

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis syndrome (AHPND) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus strain (VPAHPND) impacts the shrimp industry worldwide. With the increasing problem of antibiotic abuse, studies on quorum sensing (QS) system and anti-QS compounds bring potential breakthroughs for disease prevention and treatment.

Methods

In this study, the cell-free culture supernatant (CFCS) and its extract of V. alginolyticus BC25 were investigated for anti-QS activity against a reporter bacteria, Chromobacterium violaceum DMST46846. The effects of CFCS and/ or extract on motility, biofilm formation and extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) of VPAHPND PSU5591 were evaluated. Moreover, the effects of V. alginolyticus BC25 on virulence of VPAHPND PSU5591 were investigated by shrimp challenge test. The potentially active anti-QS compounds presented in the extract and effect on gene expression of VPAHPND PSU5591 were identified.

Results

The CFCS of V. alginolyticus BC25 and its extract showed a significant anti-QS activity against the reporter bacteria as well as swimming and swarming motilities, biofilms, and EPSs production by VPAHPND PSU5591. Transcriptome analysis revealed that V. alginolyticus BC25 extract significantly reduced the flagella genes involved in biofilm formation and iron-controlled virulence regulatory gene of VPAHPND PSU5591. Whereas, the LuxR family transcriptional regulator gene, c-factor, a cell-cell signaling gene, and capsular polysaccharide were up-regulated. The potentially active anti-QS compounds identified in extract were Cyclo-(L-Leu-L-Pro), and Cyclo-(L-Phe-L-Pro). Furthermore, V. alginolyticus BC25 enhanced disease resistance against VPAHPND PSU5591 in tested shrimp larvae.

Conclusion

These findings suggest that V. alginolyticus BC25 could provide natural anti-QS and anti-biofilms compounds and has great ability to be used as biocontrol agent against VPAHPND infection in shrimp aquaculture.