bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comparative study between Antioxidant vitamin and KellgrenLawrence grading scale in knee osteoarthritis patients
Authors: Dawn Indranil , Sarkar Susmita , De Chinmoy
Published: January 2014

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a strongly age-related joint disorder that is defined as a gradual loss of articular cartilage. Current concepts of the pathogenic mechanisms of OA suggest that there isa shift in the homeostatic balance between the destruction and synthesis of bone and cartilage,with a net progressive destruction of these tissues. Recent studies of the biology of chondrocytes show that these cells actively produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are capable of inducing apoptotic cell death in chondrocytes, but more important, they can result in the degradation of aggrecan and collagen. Micronutrient antioxidants such as alpha- Tocopherol (Vitamin E) and Vitamin C also act to reduce the effects of ROS. A hospital based case control study was conducted in Burdwan Medical College, West Bengal, India on 76 postmenopausal women aged 4570 years suffering from Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee joint, which was diagnosed from symptoms, clinical examinations and radiographic findings. The 151 controls were selected from the healthy persons .plasma vitamin C and serum vitamin E ware measured.. Knee joint radiographs were evaluated with the KellgrenLawrence grading scale .Furthermore both were correlated with KellgrenLawrence grading scale to find out possible association between the antioxidant vitamins and the disease progression. Results showed that there was a significant decrease in antioxidant vitamin levels in patients with knee joint osteoarthritis as compared to the controls suggests that treatment with antioxidants in the initial stages of the disease may be useful as secondary therapy. Both antioxidant vitamins showed negative correlation with KellgrenLawrence grading. Both vitamins decreased with increasing KellgrenLawrence grade. So antioxidant vitamin can be use to assess the disease severity. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.14046 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 30-35
Erosio blastomycetica interdigitale sign of Candidiasis and diabetes!
Authors: Chiriac Anca , Chiriac Anca E , Pinteala Tudor , Foia Liliana , Brzezinski Piotr
Published: January 2014

The terminology Erosio blastomycetica interdigitale is used to describe a clinical entity characterized by erosions disposed interdigitalis on the hands and /or feet, in persons with poor controlled diabetes mellitus, the agent incriminated being Candida Albicans.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.16623Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 105-106
Evaluation of attributes to hyperbilirubinaemia in neonates in a tertiary care hospital in the Dhaka city
Authors: Choudhury Shamima , Hossain Shaila , Islam Md Ziaul , Akhter Shaheen , Arifa Sonia , Hayat Syed Muhammad Shahin-ur
Published: January 2014

Objective: The study was aimed to evaluate the attributes related to hyperbilirubinaemia among neonates. Materials and methods: A total number of 120 neonates with hyperbilirubinemia included in the study. Data were collected using hospital records and by face-to-face interview of mother of those neonates using a predesigned questionnaire. Data were expressed as mean±SD and number (percent) as appropriate. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were considered in data analysis. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS Software. Result: Of the total neonates, 57% were baby boys. In age group of 2nd to 7th days were 59.2% of neonates. According to the birth weight, neonates distribution was 38.3% in very low (<2000g), 42.5% low (2001-2500g) and 19.2% normal (>2500g) birth weight group. ABO incompatibility was found in 14.2% and Rh 8.3% cases of hyperbilirubinaemia. Birth trauma was found in 7.5% and congenital anomalies 3.3% neonates. Pre-maturity (gestational age <37 wks) was found in 73.3% cases. Normal vaginal delivery was performed in 59.2% of cases. Exclusive breast feeding was given by 43.33% mothers. Of the mothers 93.4% were housewives. Thirty percent (30%) of mothers were adolescents (<20 years) and 27.5% young adults (20 to 25 years). Of the 120 mothers 56.7% had primary level education. Low birth weight (<2000g to 2500g) neonates had significantly higher (p<0.005) serum bilirubin than the normal birth weight counterpart. Among the neonates of the mothers with GDM, 9.2% had serum bilirubin level above 20mg/dl and the distribution showed significant association (p<0.005). Conclusions: It is concluded that low birth weight and prematurity remained to the major causes of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia in neonates. Other common causes, particularly ABO and Rh incompatibility, are also present which could be avoided by meticulous clinical practice and burden of neonatal morbidity and mortality related to hyperbilirubinemia can be reduced. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17430 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 58-62
Myositis ossificans traumatica of the left masseter muscle presenting as soft tissue mass: a case report
Authors: Ahmad Kaleem , Ansari Sajid , Dhungel Kanchan , Gupta Mukesh Kumar , Rauniyar RK , Amanullah Md Farid
Published: January 2014

Myositis ossificans is a rare disease in which manifests as heterotopic bone formation within a muscle and is rarely found in the head or neck regions, including the masticator muscle. It should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients of trauma with severe limitation of jaw opening. Panoramic radiographs and axial and coronal computed tomography (CT) scans can effectively delineate the calcified mass. Other imaging studies that may be helpful include magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), bone scans, and ultrasound.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17441 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 73-75
Unilateral Functional Uterine Horn with Non Functioning Rudimentary Horn and Cervico-Vaginal Agenesis: Case Report
Authors: Hakim Seema , Ahmad Ayesha , Jain Maneesha , Anees Afzal
Published: January 2014

Developmental anomalies involving Mullerian ducts are one of the most fascinating disorders in Gynaecology. The incidence rates vary widely and have been described between 0.1-3.5% in the general population. We report a case of a fifteen year old girl who presented with primary amenorrhea and lower abdomen pain, with history of instrumentation about two months back. She was found to have abdominal lump of sixteen weeks size uterus. On examination vagina was found to be represented as a small blind pouch measuring 2-3cms in length. A rectovaginal fistula (2x2 cms) was also observed. Ultrasonography of abdomen revealed bulky uterus (size 11.2x6 cm) with 150 millilitre of collection. Adiagnosis of hematometra with iatrogenic fistula was made. Vaginal drainage of hematometra was done which was followed by laparotomy. Peroperatively she was found to have a left side unicornuate uterus with right side small rudimentary horn. Left fallopian tube and ovary showed dense adhesions and multiple endometriotic implants. Both cervix and vagina were absent. Total abdominal hysterectomy was done and rectovaginal fistula repaired. The present case is reported due to its rarity as it involved both mullerian agenesis with cervical and vaginal agenesis along with disorder of lateral fusion. This is an asymmetric type of mullerian duct development in which arrest has occurred in different stages of development on two sides. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v13i1.17500 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 13 No. 01 January2014: 101-104
Childhood carcinoma larynx
Authors: Islam Md Zahidul , Khan AF Mohiuddin
Published: January 2014

Carcinoma Larynx is very rare in children and adolescents. Only few cases of childhood and adoloscent Carcinoma Larynx has reported worldwide. Exact cause of childhood and adoloscent Carcinoma Larynx is not known but few risk factors have been detected. Childhood and adolescent carcinoma Larynx is diagnosed delayed and its outcome is usually fatal. Earlier suspicion, accurate diagnosis and prompt intervention are essentially recommended. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjo.v19i2.17636 Bangladesh J Otorhinolaryngol 2013; 19(2): 124-129
The Complex Relationship between Liver Cancer and the Cell Cycle: A Story of Multiple Regulations
Authors: Bisteau Xavier , Caldez Matias , Kaldis Philipp
Published: January 2014

The liver acts as a hub for metabolic reactions to keep a homeostatic balance during development and growth. The process of liver cancer development, although poorly understood, is related to different etiologic factors like toxins, alcohol, or viral infection. At the molecular level, liver cancer is characterized by a disruption of cell cycle regulation through many molecular mechanisms. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms underlying the lack of regulation of the cell cycle during liver cancer, focusing mainly on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We also provide a brief summary of novel therapies connected to cell cycle regulation.
Analysis of the Dynamic Performance of Self-Excited Induction Generators Employed in Renewable Energy Generation
Authors: Farrag Mohamed , Putrus Ghanim
Published: January 2014

Incentives, such as the Feed-in-tariff are expected to lead to continuous increase in the deployment of Small Scale Embedded Generation (SSEG) in the distribution network. Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIG) represent a significant segment of potential SSEG. The quality of SEIG output voltage magnitude and frequency is investigated in this paper to support the SEIG operation for different network operating conditions. The dynamic behaviour of the SEIG resulting from disconnection, reconnection from/to the grid and potential operation in islanding mode is studied in detail. The local load and reactive power supply are the key factors that determine the SEIG performance, as they have significant influence on the voltage and frequency change after disconnection from the grid. Hence, the aim of this work is to identify the optimum combination of the reactive power supply (essential for self excitation of the SEIG) and the active load (essential for balancing power generation and demand). This is required in order to support the SEIG operation after disconnection from the grid, during islanding and reconnection to the grid. The results show that the generator voltage and speed (frequency) can be controlled and maintained within the statuary limits. This will enable safe disconnection and reconnection of the SEIG from/to the grid and makes it easier to operate in islanding mode.
Optimization of the Interconnect Ribs for a Cathode-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell
Authors: Kong Wei , Gao Xiang , Liu Shixue , Su Shichuan , Chen Daifen
Published: January 2014

A comprehensive mathematical model of the performance of the cathode-supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) with syngas fuel is presented. The model couples the intricate interdependency between the ionic conduction, electronic conduction, gas transport, the electrochemical reaction processes in the functional layers and on the electrode/electrolyte interfaces, methane steam reforming (MSR) and the water gas shift reaction (WGSR). The validity of the mathematical model is demonstrated by the excellent agreement between the numerical and experimental I-V curves. The effect of anode rib width and cathode rib width on gas diffusion and cell performance is examined. The results show conclusively that the cell performance is strongly influenced by the rib width. Furthermore, the anode optimal rib width is smaller than that for cathode, which is contrary to anode-supported SOFC. Finally, the formulae for the anode and cathode optimal rib width are given, which provide an easy to use guidance for the broad SOFC engineering community.
Can Tobacco Control Be Transformative? Reducing Gender Inequity and Tobacco Use among Vulnerable Populations
Authors: Greaves Lorraine
Published: January 2014

Tobacco use and exposure is unequally distributed across populations and countries and among women and men. These trends and patterns reflect and cause gender and economic inequities along with negative health impacts. Despite a commitment to gender analysis in the preamble to Framework Convention on Tobacco Control there is much yet to be done to fully understand how gender operates in tobacco control. Policies, program and research in tobacco control need to not only integrate gender, but rather operationalize gender with the goal of transforming gender and social inequities in the course of tobacco control initiatives. Gender transformative tobacco control goes beyond gender sensitive efforts and challenges policy and program developers to apply gender theory in designing their initiatives, with the goal of changing negative gender and social norms and improving social, economic, health and social indicators along with tobacco reduction. This paper outlines what is needed to progress tobacco control in enhancing the status of gendered and vulnerable groups, with a view to reducing gender and social inequities due to tobacco use and exposure.
Meta-Omic Platforms to Assist in the Understanding of NAFLD Gut Microbiota Alterations: Tools and Applications
Authors: Del Chierico Federica , Gnani Daniela , Vernocchi Pamela , Petrucca Andrea , Alisi Anna , Dallapiccola Bruno , Nobili Valerio , Lorenza Putignani
Published: January 2014

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common cause of chronic liver disease worldwide as a result of the increasing prevalence of obesity, starting from early life stages. It is characterized by a spectrum of liver diseases ranging from simple fatty liver (NAFL) to steatohepatitis (NASH), with a possible progression to fibrosis, thus increasing liver-related morbidity and mortality. NAFLD development is driven by the co-action of several risk factors, including obesity and metabolic syndrome, which may be both genetically induced and diet-related. Recently, particular attention has been paid to the gut-liver axis, which may play a physio-pathological role in the onset and progression of the disease. The gut microbiota is intended to act as a bioreactor that can guarantee autonomous metabolic and immunological functions and that can drive functional strategies within the environment of the body in response to external stimuli. The complexity of the gut microbiota suggests that it behaves as an organ. Therefore, the concept of the gut-liver axis must be complemented with the gut-microbiota-liver network due to the high intricacy of the microbiota components and metabolic activities; these activities form the active diet-driven power plant of the host. Such complexity can only be revealed using systems biology, which can integrate clinical phenomics and gut microbiota data.
Analysis of the rs10046 Polymorphism of Aromatase (CYP19) in Premenopausal Onset of Human Breast Cancer
Authors: Zins Karin , Mogg Maurice , Schneeberger Christian , Abraham Dietmar , Schreiber Martin
Published: January 2014

The CYP19 gene encodes aromatase, an enzyme catalyzing the conversion of androgens to estrogens. Studies analyzing associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms in CYP19 and breast cancer risk have shown inconsistent results. The rs10046 polymorphism is located in the 3' untranslated region of the CYP19 gene, but the influence of this polymorphism on breast cancer risk is unclear. In this study, we investigated the impact of rs10046 SNP on breast cancer risk, age at onset and association with clinical characteristics in an Austrian population of 274 breast cancer patients and 253 controls. The results show that a significantly increased fraction of patients with the TT genotype of rs10046 develop breast cancer under the age of 50 (41.8% of TT patients, compared to 26.6% of C carriers; p = 0.018, Chi-square test). No rs10046 genotypes were significantly associated with increased breast cancer risk or patient characteristics other than age at onset. These results suggest that the rs10046 polymorphism in the CYP19 gene may have an effect on breast cancer susceptibility at an age under 50 in the investigated population.
The First Order Transfer Function in the Analysis of Agrochemical Data in Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.): Proboscis Extension Reflex (PER) Studies
Authors: De Stefano Lisa , Stepanov Igor , Abramson Charles
Published: January 2014

This paper describes a mathematical model of the learning process suitable for studies of conditioning using the proboscis extension reflex (PER) in honey bees when bees are exposed to agrochemicals. Although procedural variations exist in the way laboratories use the PER paradigm, proboscis conditioning is widely used to investigate the influence of pesticides and repellents on honey bee learning. Despite the availability of several mathematical models of the learning process, no attempts have been made to apply a mathematical model to the learning curve in honey bees exposed to agrochemicals. Our model is based on the standard transfer function in the form Y=B3 e-B2 (X-1) +B4(1-e-B2 (X-1)) where X is the trial number, Y is the proportion of correct responses, B2 is the learning rate, B3 is readiness to learn, and B4 is ability to learn. We reanalyze previously published data on the effect of several classes of agrochemicals including: (1) those that are considered harmless to bees (e.g., pymetrozine, essential oils, dicofol); (2) sublethal exposure to pesticides known to harm honey bees (e.g., coumaphos, cyfluthrin, fluvalinate, permethrin); and (3) putative repellents of honey bees (e.g., butyric acid, citronella). The model revealed additional effects not detected with standard statistical tests of significance.
Induced Marine Fungus Chondrostereum sp. as a Means of Producing New Sesquiterpenoids Chondrosterins I and J by Using Glycerol as the Carbon Source
Authors: Li Hou-Jin , Jiang Wen-Han , Liang Wan-Ling , Huang Jia-Xin , Mo Yu-Fei , Ding Yan-Qing , Lam Chi-Keung , Qian Xiao-Jun , Zhu Xiao-Feng , Lan Wen-Jian
Published: January 2014

Chondrostereum sp., a marine fungus isolated from a soft coral Sarcophyton tortuosum, can yield hirsutane framework sesquiterpenoids. However, the metabolites profiles vary dramatically with the composition change of the culture media. This fungus was cultured in a liquid medium containing glycerol as the carbon source, and two new metabolites, chondrosterins I and J (1 and 2), were obtained. Their structures were elucidated primarily based on MS, NMR and X-ray single-crystal diffraction data. By comparison with the known hirsutane sesquiterpenoids, chondrosterins I and J have unique structural features, including a methyl was migrated from C-2 to C-6, and the methyl at C-3 was carboxylated. Compound 2 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against the cancer cell lines CNE-1 and CNE-2 with the IC50 values of 1.32 and 0.56 μM.
Trifolium pratense L. as a Potential Natural Antioxidant
Authors: Vlaisavljevic Sanja , Kaurinovic Biljana , Popovic Mira , Djurendic-Brenesel Maja , Vasiljevic Bojana , Cvetkovic Dragoljub , Vasiljevic Sanja
Published: January 2014

The essential oils of three different growth stages of Trifolium pratense L. (TP1, TP2 and TP3) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and tested for their antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The highest content of volatile compounds was found in the essential oil sample TP1, where terpenes such as β-myrcene (4.55%), p-cymene (3.59%), limonene (0.86%), tetrahydroionone (1.56%) were highlighted due to their biological activity. The antioxidant activity was determined by following the scavenging capacity of the essential oils for the free radicals DPPH·, NO· and O2·-, as well as effects of the investigated oils on lipid peroxidation (LP). In all three cases, the sample TP1 showed the best radical-capturing capacity for DPPH· (27.61 ± 0.12 µg/mL), NO· (16.03 ± 0.11 µg/mL), O2·− (16.62 ± 0.29 µg/mL) and also had the best lipid peroxidation effects in the Fe2+/ascorbate induction system (9.35 ± 0.11 µg/mL). Antimicrobial activity was evaluated against the following bacteria cultures: Escherichia coli (ATCC10526), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 11632) and Bacillus cereus (ATCC 10876). None of the examined essential oil samples showed inhibitory effects on the tested bacterial strains.
Pestalafuranones F–J, Five New Furanone Analogues from the Endophytic Fungus Nigrospora sp. BM-2
Authors: Zhang Hongqi , Deng Zhangshuang , Guo Zhiyong , Tu Xuan , Wang Junzhi , Zou Kun
Published: January 2014

Five new 2(5H)-furanone-type derivatives, pestalafuranones F–J (compounds 3–7), together with two known compounds, pestalafuranones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract from the fermentation broth of the endophytic fungus Nigrospora sp. BM-2 in a hypersaline medium. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated by EIMS, HREIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Compounds 1–7 exhibited no cytotoxic activities against the MDA-MB-231 and Caski cancer cell lines.
Diastereoselective Three-Component Reactions of Chiral Nickel(II) Glycinate for Convenient Synthesis of Novel α-Amino-β-Substituted-γ,γ-Disubstituted Butyric Acids
Authors: Zhou Rui , Guo Li , Peng Cheng , He Gu , Ouyang Liang , Huang Wei
Published: January 2014

The convenient, high yielding and diastereoselective synthesis of α-amino-β-substituted-γ,γ-disubstituted butyric acid derivatives was carried out by a three-component tandem reaction of a chiral equivalent of nucleophilic glycine. The reaction was performed smoothly under mild conditions and enabled the construction of two or three adjacent chiral centers in one step, thus affording a novel and convenient route to α-amino-β-substituted-γ,γ-disubstituted butyric acid derivatives.
A Systematic Review of the Wound-Healing Effects of Monoterpenes and Iridoid Derivatives
Authors: Barreto Rosana , Albuquerque-Júnior Ricardo , Araújo Adriano , Almeida Jackson , Santos Márcio , Barreto André , DeSantana Josimari , Siqueira-Lima Pollyana , Quintans Jullyana , Quintans-Júnior Lucindo
Published: January 2014

The search for more effective and lower cost therapeutic approaches for wound healing remains a challenge for modern medicine. In the search for new therapeutic options, plants and their metabolites are a great source of novel biomolecules. Among their constituents, the monoterpenes represent 90% of essential oils, and have a variety of structures with several activities such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and wound healing. Based on that, and also due to the lack of reviews concerning the wound-healing activity of monoterpenes, we performed this systematic review—which provides an overview of their characteristics and mechanisms of action. In this search, the terms “terpenes”, “monoterpenes”, “wound healing” and “wound closure techniques” were used to retrieve articles published in LILACS, PUBMED and EMBASE until May 2013. Seven papers were found concerning the potential wound healing effect of five compouds (three monoterpenes and two iridoid derivatives) in preclinical studies. Among the products used for wound care, the films were the most studied pharmaceutical form. Monoterpenes are a class of compounds of great diversity of biological activities and therapeutic potential. The data reviewed here suggest that monoterpenes, although poorly studied in this context, are promising compounds for the treatment of chronic wound conditions.
Application of Pyrolysis Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry in Lacquer Research: A Review
Authors: Ma Xiao-Ming , Lu Rong , Miyakoshi Tetsuo
Published: January 2014

Examination of thermal degradation of natural and synthetic lacquer films by pyrolysis-gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) is reviewed. Due to the instantaneous heating decomposition, side reactions of internal or intermediate samples hardly occur, and the pyrolysis products can be retrieved without any change. Py-GC/MS has been used to analyze the composition of insoluble polymers and investigate degradation of resin materials. Lacquer film is a cross-linked polymer that is insoluble in any solvent. The aim of this review is to describe the application of Py-GC/MS to the analysis of lacquer, including natural lacquer saps, synthetic lacquer derivatives, and their films. After analyzing the chemical structures of the specific pyrolysis products by mass spectrometry, the lacquer tree species and growing region can be determined. These results have great significance for the protection and restoration of lacquer-coated cultural treasures.
High-Throughput Analysis of Plasma Hybrid Markers for Early Detection of Cancers
Authors: Rho Jung-hyun , Lampe Paul
Published: January 2014

Biomarkers for the early detection of cancer in the general population have to perform with high sensitivity and specificity in order to prevent the costs associated with over-diagnosis. There are only a few current tissue or blood markers that are recommended for generalized cancer screening. Despite the recognition that combinations of multiple biomarkers will likely improve their utility, biomarker panels are usually limited to a single class of molecules. Tissues and body fluids including plasma and serum contain not only proteins, DNA and microRNAs that are differentially expressed in cancers but further cancer specific information might be gleaned by comparing different classes of biomolecules. For example, the level of a certain microRNA might be related to the level of a particular protein in a cancer specific manner. Proteins might have cancer-specific post-translational modifications (e.g., phosphorylation or glycosylation) or lead to the generation of autoantibodies. Most currently approved biomarkers are glycoproteins. Autoantibodies can be produced as a host’s early surveillance response to cancer-specific proteins in pre-symptomatic and pre-diagnostic stages of cancer. Thus, measurement of the level of a protein, the level of its glycosylation or phosphorylation and whether autoantibodies are produced to it can yield multi-dimensional information on each protein. We consider specific proteins that show consistent cancer-specific changes in two or three of these measurements to be “hybrid markers”. We hypothesize these markers will suffer less variation between different individuals since one component can act to “standardize” the other measurement. As a proof of principle, a 180 plasma sample set consisting of 120 cases (60 colon cancers and 60 adenomas) and 60 controls were analyzed using our high-density antibody array for changes in their protein, IgG-complex and sialyl-Lewis A (SLeA) modified proteins. At p < 0.05, expression changes in 1,070 proteins, 49 IgG-complexes (11 present in the protein list) and 488 Lewis X-modified proteins (57 on the protein list) were observed. The biomarkers significant on both lists are potential hybrid markers. Thus, plasma hybrid markers have the potential to create a new class of early detection markers of cancers.
Land Cover Change Monitoring Using Landsat MSS/TM Satellite Image Data over West Africa between 1975 and 1990
Authors: Vittek Marian , Brink Andreas , Donnay Francois , Simonetti Dario , Desclée Baudouin
Published: January 2014

Monitoring land cover changes from the 1970s in West Africa is important for assessing the dynamics between land cover types and understanding the anthropogenic impact during this period. Given the lack of historical land cover maps over such a large area, Landsat data is a reliable and consistent source of information on land cover dynamics from the 1970s. This study examines land cover changes occurring between 1975 and 1990 in West Africa using a systematic sample of satellite imagery. The primary data sources for the land cover classification were Landsat Multispectral Scanner (MSS) for 1975 and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) for the 1990 period. Dedicated selection of the appropriate image data for land cover change monitoring was performed for the year 1975. Based on this selected dataset, the land cover analysis is based on a systematic sample of 220 suitable Landsat image extracts (out of 246) of 20 km × 20 km at each one degree latitude/longitude intersection. Object-based classification, originally dedicated for Landsat TM land cover change monitoring and adapted for MSS, was used to produce land cover change information for four different land cover classes: dense tree cover, tree cover mosaic, other wooded land and other vegetation cover. Our results reveal that in 1975 about 6% of West Africa was covered by dense tree cover complemented with 12% of tree cover mosaic. Almost half of the area was covered by other wooded land and the remaining 32% was represented by other vegetation cover. Over the 1975–1990 period, the net annual change rate of dense tree cover was estimated at −0.95%, at −0.37% for the other wooded land and very low for tree cover mosaic (−0.05%). On the other side, other vegetation cover increased annually by 0.70%, most probably due to the expansion of agricultural areas. This study demonstrates the potential of Landsat MSS and TM data for large scale land cover change assessment in West Africa and highlights the importance of consistent and systematic data processing methods with targeted image acquisition procedures for long-term monitoring.
Short-Range Six-Axis Interferometer Controlled Positioning for Scanning Probe Microscopy
Authors: Lazar Josef , Klapetek Petr , Valtr Miroslav , Hrabina Jan , Buchta Zdenek , Cip Onrej , Cizek Martin , Oulehla Jindrich , Sery Mojmir
Published: January 2014

We present a design of a nanometrology measuring setup which is a part of the national standard instrumentation for nanometrology operated by the Czech Metrology Institute (CMI) in Brno, Czech Republic. The system employs a full six-axis interferometric position measurement of the sample holder consisting of six independent interferometers. Here we report on description of alignment issues and accurate adjustment of orthogonality of the measuring axes. Consequently, suppression of cosine errors and reduction of sensitivity to Abbe offset is achieved through full control in all six degrees of freedom. Due to the geometric configuration including a wide basis of the two units measuring in y-direction and the three measuring in z-direction the angle resolution of the whole setup is minimize to tens of nanoradians. Moreover, the servo-control of all six degrees of freedom allows to keep guidance errors below 100 nrad. This small range system is based on a commercial nanopositioning stage driven by piezoelectric transducers with the range (200 × 200 × 10) µm. Thermally compensated miniature interferometric units with fiber-optic light delivery and integrated homodyne detection system were developed especially for this system and serve as sensors for othogonality alignment.
An Ambulatory Method of Identifying Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstructed Gait Patterns
Authors: Patterson Matthew , Delahunt Eamonn , Sweeney Kevin , Caulfield Brian
Published: January 2014

The use of inertial sensors to characterize pathological gait has traditionally been based on the calculation of temporal and spatial gait variables from inertial sensor data. This approach has proved successful in the identification of gait deviations in populations where substantial differences from normal gait patterns exist; such as in Parkinsonian gait. However, it is not currently clear if this approach could identify more subtle gait deviations, such as those associated with musculoskeletal injury. This study investigates whether additional analysis of inertial sensor data, based on quantification of gyroscope features of interest, would provide further discriminant capability in this regard. The tested cohort consisted of a group of anterior cruciate ligament reconstructed (ACL-R) females and a group of non-injured female controls, each performed ten walking trials. Gait performance was measured simultaneously using inertial sensors and an optoelectronic marker based system. The ACL-R group displayed kinematic and kinetic deviations from the control group, but no temporal or spatial deviations. This study demonstrates that quantification of gyroscope features can successfully identify changes associated with ACL-R gait, which was not possible using spatial or temporal variables. This finding may also have a role in other clinical applications where small gait deviations exist.
Patterns of Intergroup Contact in Public Spaces: Micro-Ecology of Segregation in Australian Communities
Authors: Priest Naomi , Paradies Yin , Ferdinand Angeline , Rouhani Lobna , Kelaher Margaret
Published: January 2014

The use of public spaces can promote social cohesion and facilitate interpersonal interactions within the community. However, the ways racial and ethnic groups interact in public spaces can also reflect and influence informal segregation in the wider community. The present study aimed to examine patterns of intergroup contact within public spaces in Victoria, Australia through short-term observation in four localities. Data were collected on within-group, intergroup and absence of contact for people from minority and majority groups. A total of 974 contacts were observed. Findings indicate that in the observed public spaces, people from visible minority groups tended to have no contact with others or to interact with people from other ethnic/racial groups. In contrast, those from the majority group tended to interact predominately with other majority group members. This suggests that majority group members are more likely to ‘self-segregate’ in public spaces than those from minority groups.
Music in CrossFit®—Influence on Performance, Physiological, and Psychological Parameters
Authors: Brupbacher Gavin , Harder Jona , Faude Oliver , Zahner Lukas , Donath Lars
Published: January 2014

Gaining increasing popularity within the fitness sector, CrossFit® serves as an appealing and efficient high intensity training approach to develop strength and endurance on a functional level; and music is often utilized to produce ergogenic effects. The present randomized, controlled, crossover study aimed at investigating the effects of music vs. non-music on performance, physiological and psychological outcomes. Thirteen (age: 27.5, standard deviation (SD) 6.2 years), healthy, moderately trained subjects performed four identical workouts over two weeks. The order of the four workouts (two with, and two without music, 20 min each) was randomly assigned for each individual. Acute responses in work output, heart rate, blood lactate, rate of perceived exertion, perceived pain, and affective reaction were measured at the 5th, 10th, 15th, and 20th min during the training sessions. Training with music resulted in a significantly lower work output (460.3 repetitions, SD 98.1 vs. 497.8 repetitions, SD 103.7; p = 0.03). All other parameters did not differ between both music conditions. This is partly in line with previous findings that instead of providing ergogenic effects, applying music during CrossFit® may serve as a more distractive stimulus. Future studies should separate the influence of music on a more individual basis with larger sample sizes.
The Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program: The Environmental Protection Agency’s Research Approach to Assisting Community Decision-Making
Authors: Summers Kevin , McCullough Melissa , Smith Elizabeth , Gwinn Maureen , Kremer Fran , Sjogren Mya , Geller Andrew , Slimak Michael
Published: January 2014

A sustainable world is one in which human needs are met equitably and without sacrificing the ability of future generations to meet their needs on environmental, economic, and social fronts. The United States (U.S.) Environmental Protection Agency’s Sustainable and Healthy Communities Research Program aims to assist communities (large and small) to make decisions for their long term sustainability with respect to the three pillars of human well-being—environmental, economic and social—and are tempered in a way that ensures social equity, environmental justice and intergenerational equity. The primary tool being developed by the Sustainable and Healthy Communities (SHC) research program to enhance sustainable decision making is called TRIO (Total Resources Impacts and Outcomes). The conceptual development of this tool and the SHC program attributes are discussed.
Performance of an Anaerobic Baffled Filter Reactor in the Treatment of Algae-Laden Water and the Contribution of Granular Sludge
Authors: Yu Yaqin , Lu Xiwu , Wu Yifeng
Published: January 2014

This study investigated the performance and stability of an anaerobic baffled filter reactor in the treatment of algae-laden water from Taihu Lake at several organic loading rates. The study also evaluated the capability of soft filler to train granule sludge and improve the anaerobic environment and sludge activity in the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), thereby enhancing the treatment efficiency. The ABR consisted of five rectangular compartments, each of which was 120 cm long, 80 cm wide, 80 cm high, and packed with soft filler. The anaerobic baffled filter reactor was found to be an efficient reactor configuration for the treatment of algae-laden water. The reactor was operated at an organic loading rate of 1.5 kg chemical oxygen demand (COD)/(m3d) and an ambient temperature of 30 °C; under these conditions, the COD removal efficiency was 80% and the biogas production rate was 293 mL/(Ld). Moreover, the soft filler increased the biomass retention time and decreased the rate at which solids were washed out from the reactor, promoting an improved spatial distribution of the microbial communities within the compartments. Methanoregula, Methanobacteriaceae, Methanosaeta, Methanoculleu, and Thermogymnomonas were the dominant archaeal species in each compartment during an operational period of approximately 100 days. The protease activity in the reactor decreased longitudinally down the reactor from Compartments 1 to 5, whereas the activity of coenzyme F420 increased. The soft filler played a key role in successfully treating algae-laden water with the anaerobic baffled filter reactor.
MiR-138 Induces Renal Carcinoma Cell Senescence by Targeting EZH2 and Is Downregulated in Human Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Liang Jiaqian , Zhang Yajing , Jiang Guosong , Liu Zhouqiang , Xiang Wei , Chen Xuanyu , Chen Zhaohui , Zhao Jun
Published: January 2014

MiR-138 has been shown to be downregulated in various cancers, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC). In the present study, we aimed to reveal the mechanism of miR-138 induction of senescence in renal carcinoma cells and identify
its specific target genes. We used qRT-PCR to analyze miR-138 expression levels in renal carcinoma cell lines and ccRCC samples. The activity of β-galactosidase was measured for functional analysis after miR-138 mimic transfection. To identify the targets of miR-138, we used three types
of target prediction software to determine three candidate target genes. Furthermore, a 3′UTR luciferase assay was performed. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of candidate target genes. Additionally, knockdown of EZH2 by its siRNA was performed. The expression
of miR-138 was downregulated in RCC cells lines and in tumor samples compared with their controls. Transfection of miR-138 mimic induced SN-12 cell senescence, decreased the protein expression of EZH2, and increased the protein expression of P16. Furthermore, miR-138 decreased the 3′UTR
luciferase activity of EZH2. The knockdown of EZH2 by siRNA induced SN-12 cell senescence, decreased the protein expression level of EZH2, and increased the protein expression of P16. MiR-138 is a tumor-suppressor miRNA in ccRCC that induces SN-12 cell senescence by downregulating EZH2 expression and upregulating P16 expression.
FOXC2 Often Overexpressed in Glioblastoma Enhances Proliferation and Invasion in Glioblastoma Cells
Authors: Li Weihua , Fu Xin , Liu Rongyao , Wu Chunming , Bai Jingyang , Xu Yousong , Zhao Yongshun , Xu Yinghui
Published: January 2014

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor and the leading cause of tumor-related death in the central nervous system. To date, the mechanisms of GBM genesis remain elusive. Forkhead box protein C2 (FOXC2) is a transcription factor that has been reported in many cancers,
but its function in GBM tumorigenesis is not clearly elucidated. This study found that FOXC2 was overexpressed in GBM cell lines and GBM tissues. The proliferation and invasive potential of GBM cells were significantly increased by ectopic expression of FOXC2 but significantly decreased by
RNA interference targeting FOXC2. EGFR expression was modulated by FOXC2 both in mRNA and protein levels. EGFR inhibition by siRNA reversed the FOXC2-induced proliferation and invasion. These findings suggested that FOXC2 expressed in GBM has a function in GBM cell proliferation and invasion
and may be partly associated with the EGFR overexpression.
Les dieux vidéo. De la dimension spirituelle adolescente dans les jeux vidéo
Authors: Donard Véronique , Simar Éric
Published: January 2014

Le jeu vidéo de type RPG ou MMORPG est pour l’adolescent l’occasion de redynamiser ses processus de croyance, bloqués par des conflits archaïques réactivés à la puberté. Il semble permettre de pallier l’affect dépressif propre au pubertaire par un investissement maniaque de l’univers virtuel qui aide l’adolescent, en s’inventant un soi grandiose, à travailler à la reconstruction d’un soi endeuillé par la perte de l’enfance.
Blessures d'amour
Authors: Hirt Jean-Michel
Published: January 2014

Interroger l’amour, c’est affronter les blessures qu’il cause, c’est prendre en compte la cruauté qu’il abrite en même temps que la tendresse et la sensualité. Son éventuelle conséquence, la jouissance, sera ici examinée du point de vue de la réalité psychique, et de l’expression que cette réalité parvient à lui conférer dans la religion chrétienne.
L'idole : un moment religieux d'une passion adolescente
Authors: Squverer Amos
Published: January 2014

L’exaltation adolescente face à son idole sera considérée comme un moment foncièrement religieux. Pour saisir les enjeux psychiques de ce phénomène social, l’auteur propose de penser ses coordonnées métapsychologiques et sa fonction à partir de la scène de l’«  Hilflosigkeit  » – matrice de représentations religieuses. L’idole sera saisie comme cette image perceptive qui sature le regard, annihilant ainsi le point aveugle qui instaure la perception à partir d’un point de manque (la Chose ). Paradoxalement, cette passion pour l’idole se dévoilera comme un rempart contre le désir. Cette lecture permettra de mieux saisir la stratégie inédite de la religion monothéiste juive envers l’idolâtrie – celle de la dé-totalisation de cette figure qui ne supporte pas le manque. Enfin, pour comprendre en quoi l’idole est un phénomène spécifiquement adolescent, l’auteur propose une relecture de l’idée du trauma du sexuel, que le moment adolescent donne à voir.
L'autre humain adulte pour l'adolescence
Authors: Gutton Philippe
Published: January 2014

L’autre humain adulte reprend la conceptualisation travaillée jusqu’alors du « sujet parental de transfert ». Il représente l’adultité reflétant l’emprise de la deuxième topique. Son humanité exprime sa motivation pour participer aux processus pubertaires en cours de sublimation. Ainsi peut-il étayer l’interprétation par l’infantile déjà là du pubertaire innovant et la création subjectale adolescente. Cette proximité du lien n’est pas sans risque.
L'adolescente, figure(s) de l'évanescence
Authors: Cornalba Vincent
Published: January 2014

Cette recension de l’ouvrage collectif dirigé par Sébastien Dupont et Hugues Paris souligne la part de l’évanescence portée par l’adolescente, explorée et exploitée par le cinéma contemporain. L’adolescente apparaît comme l’expression de ce qui échappe à la saisie complète. Les différentes figures de l’adolescente, mises en exposition par l’œuvre cinématographique, témoignent d’un effet de diffraction qui n’est pas sans lien avec l’expérience pulsionnelle, telle qu’elle s’impose au sujet.
Législation du travail en Chine : la gouvernance par la loi, facteur d'attractivité ?
Authors: Périsse Muriel
Published: January 2014

En 2007, plusieurs lois sociales dont la Loi sur les contrats de travail ont été votées en Chine. Cette frénésie législative s’inscrit dans un projet de gouvernance du social bâti par les autorités autour de la notion de société harmonieuse et supposée répondre à la montée des conflits sociaux et du travail. Alors que la classe ouvrière tend à devenir un problème de gouvernance à elle seule, la mobilisation du droit rejoint une préoccupation majeure de la Banque mondiale. Mais contrairement à la croyance véhiculée par les rapports Doing Business , qui adoptent une vision instrumentale du droit partagée par le pouvoir chinois, le droit du travail doit aussi être considéré du point de vue de son rôle dans le processus d’institutionnalisation du marché du travail, aux effets imprévus. On peut alors reconsidérer l’idée selon laquelle l’attractivité économique est un produit de la gouvernance par le droit et par la qualité du droit : le droit du travail contribue en mode mineur à la gouvernance du social, laquelle est défectueuse, sans que cela remette en cause son attractivité.
En attendant l'aéroport : pression marchande et vulnérabilités sociofoncières et agricoles à Glo-Djigbé (arrondissement rural du sud-Bénin)
Authors: Magnon Yves Z.
Published: January 2014

Depuis l’annonce étatique au milieu des années 1990 d’un projet d’implantation d’un aéroport, Glo-Djigbé, arrondissement rural périurbain du Sud-Bénin, est confronté à une situation de pression foncière sans précédent liée aux ventes de terres. Cet article se propose d’analyser, dans un contexte de dualisme juridique mêlant normes coutumières et règles officielles, les mutations agraires résultant de cette dynamique marchande qui a entraîné une ruée d’acteurs néoruraux (ayants droits, acquéreurs étrangers...) et par la suite une transformation des modes d’accès à la terre. Il décrit en particulier les acteurs des transactions, les intermédiaires, ainsi que les négociations intra-lignagères qu’elles suscitent.
Au-delà des fondements politiques du génocide rwandais : une construction historico-socioculturelle de l'ethnisme
Authors: Touré El Hadj
Published: January 2014

Certes, les massacres de masse perpétrés au Rwanda par les Hutu extrémistes contre environ un million de Tutsi et de Hutu modérés ont fait l’objet de nombreux écrits depuis 1994. Toutefois, outre leur nature biographique et descriptive, certains de ces écrits surestiment la responsabilité des pouvoirs publics et de la communauté internationale. Aussi l’objet du présent article est-il de montrer qu’au-delà de ses fondements politiques, le génocide rwandais repose sur une construction historico-socioculturelle de l’ethnisme. S’appuyant sur une perspective résolument constructiviste, l’analyse concerne des récits de vie et témoignages colligés dans la littérature. Elle révèle précisément comment des schèmes racistes construits par les colons belges s’intègrent dans la culture et la société rwandaises et servent de caution à des régimes politiques totalitaires.
Le couple franco-allemand et la dimension géopolitique de la crise de l'euro
Authors: Thomann Pierre-Emmanuel
Published: January 2014

Les compromis franco-allemands destinés à préserver l’euro afin d’éviter une fracture européenne placent le couple franco-allemand à la charnière de l’Union européenne. Les représentations nationales allemandes et françaises différenciées à propos de l’économie sociale de marché, mais aussi du positionnement dans la mondialisation, structurent pourtant les stratégies respectives et les compromis négociés pour gérer la crise de l’euro qui se prolonge depuis 2010. L’enjeu du centre de gravité géopolitique de l’Union européenne fut souligné par le différend à propos de l’échelle de gestion de la crise : la zone euro privilégiée par les Français, où l’Europe à 27 par les Allemands. La crise de l’euro est aussi un test du degré de solidarité vis-à-vis de la mondialisation entre les Allemands et les Français dont les visions relatives aux finalités européennes, un carrefour des réseaux mondialisés ou une Europe protection, entrent en divergence.