bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respon Tingkah Laku Lobster Pasir (Panulirus homarus, Linnaeus, 1758) Terhadap Kontaminasi Bahan Baku Minyak Bumi (Crude Oil)
Authors: Hartoyo Hartoyo , Amron Amron , Meilasari Bella Izmi
Published: April 2023

Tumpahan minyak sering terjadi di perairan dan memiliki dampak negatif terhadap kelangsungan hidup organisme laut, salah satunya Lobster Pasir (Panulirus homarus). Keadaan perairan yang terkontaminasi akan mengakibatkan perubahan tingkah laku hingga terjadinya kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pergerakan dan jumlah pergerakan Panulirus homarus terhadap kontaminasi minyak bumi (crude oil). Pengamatan dilakukan dengan perlakuan penambahan crude oil sebesar 0 ppm, 1 ppm, 5 ppm, ppm, dan 100 ppm yang dilakukan secara kontinyu. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode observasi skala laboratorium menggunakan kamera Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) sebagai instrument utama dalam pengamatan tingkah laku lobster. Lobster yang digunakan adalah lobster jantan dengan ukuran panjang 10-12 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pergerakan lobster meningkat dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi crude oil, namun tidak memiliki pola pergerakan tertentu. Berdasarkan respon tingkah laku yang teramati. Lobster Pasir mulai terganggu pada konsentrasi 5 ppm. Konsentrasi crude oil memiliki hubungan yang cukup erat dengan jumlah pergerakan lobster. Parameter kualitas air yang diduga berperan dalam serangkaian penyebab perubahan pergerakan lobster adalah kandungan oksigen terlarut (DO) yang menurun dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi crude oil.
Pengaruh Kecerdasan Spiritual Terhadap Penghayatan Seksualitas Mahasiswa Calon Imam di Seminari Tinggi
Authors: Ghunda Daniel Ngongo , Panda Herman Punda
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The education of candidates for the priesthood at the Major Seminary aims to produce priests who are qualified according to the expectations of the Church, namely serving God and others in total self-devotion. For this reason, priests voluntarily embrace celibacy. This choice is not without obstacles, therefore through spiritual formation in the seminary, prospective priests cultivate self-maturity to be able to live their sexual life correctly and healthily. This research aimed to explain the correlation of spiritual formation in seminary on the sexuality appreciation of prospective priests. The method used in this research was descriptive quantitative statistical analysis of 30 students at St. Mikhael Major Seminary Kupang. From this study it can be concluded that the longer the formation period, the higher the spiritual intelligence and healthy sexuality appreciation of the prospective priests.Abstrak. Pendidikan calon imam di Seminari Tinggi bertujuan untuk menghasilkan imam-imam yang berkualitas sesuai harapan Gereja, yaitu melayani Tuhan dan sesama dalam pengabdian diri yang total. Untuk itu imam secara sukarela menganut hidup selibat. Pilihan ini bukanlah tanpa tantangan karena itu melalui pembinaan di seminari, calon imam mengolah kematangan diri agar mampu menghayati kehidupan seksualnya secara benar dan sehat. Penelitian ini diadakan untuk dapat menjelaskan pengaruh pembinaan kerohanian di seminari terhadap penghayatan seksualitas calon imam. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis statistik kuantitatif deskriptif terhadap 30 mahasiswa di Seminari Tinggi St. Mikhael Kupang. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin lama masa pembinaan, semakin tinggi pula kecerdasan spiritual dan penghayatan seksualitas yang sehat dari para calon imam.
Gene therapy of neurodegenerative diseases: achievements, developments, and clinical implementation challenges
Authors: Melnikova E. V. , Merkulov V. A. , Merkulova O. V.
Published: April 2023

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are promising objects for the development of gene therapy products, primarily, due to the possible cause of these diseases (disruption of a gene or several genes), lack of effective therapy, and negative impact on the quality of life of both patients and their families and friends.

The aim of the study was to identify trends and challenges in the development and preclinical and clinical studies of gene therapy products for NDDs and to analyse the international experience of expert assessment of the dossier for Zolgensma®, which received a conditional marketing authorisation.

According to the analysis of the ongoing studies of gene therapy products for NDDs, the following major challenges arise at preclinical and clinical stages. For animal studies, a particular challenge is to select a disease model, a route of administration, and a target for effective gene therapy for polygenic disorders. For clinical trials, problematic aspects are the selection of a control group, the development of inclusion criteria for patients with a genetic variant that is an indication for a gene therapy product and exclusion criteria for patients with antibodies to this gene therapy product, the selection and justifi cation of a safe therapeutic dose since a gene therapy product can be administered to a patient only once, and the complexity of assessing clinical benefi ts of transgene expression in the human body due to the inaccessibility of brain tissue for analysis. Recent years have witnessed a breakthrough in gene therapy with the introduction of Zolgensma® (Novartis) to the world pharmaceutical market to treat children with spinal muscular atrophy type 1. The article analyses the experience of expert assessment of the marketing authorisation dossier for Zolgensma®, which can be used by drug developers bringing new medicines to the market of the Eurasian Economic Union under conditional marketing authorisation, which implies that the benefi ts of immediate patient access to these medicines will exceed the risks associated with incomplete data on their characteristics.
A Case Study on the Market Experiences and Life Changes of Women in North Korean Border Cities: With a Focus on North Korean Defector Women from Hyesan
Authors:   Korean Association for Qualitative Inquiry, Park Byungae
Published: April 2023

The present study is concerned with North Korean defector women who previously engaged in economic activity and smuggling while in North Korea. The study analyzes the prior economic activity and smuggling experiences of the participants. It also examines the change in their perception of the North Korean regime and the free market economy as well as their identity built through such change. Yin’s(2009) case study method was employed in the present study. In order to ensure data represented recent trends, the researcher selected five participants using snowball sampling among North Korean women who defected during the Kim Jong-un era. Data were collected through one-on-one in-depth interviews with the participants. The results of the study are as follows: A total of 68 individual topics were derived from the interview data. The researcher organized the topics on the basis of the similarity of experience, resulting in the formation of 19 categories. These categories were rearranged into the following units of analysis: 「Origin of the market」, 「Acquisition of market economy」, 「Opportunity of smuggling trade」, 「Factors inhibiting economic activity in the market」, 「Opportunity of defecting from North Korea」and「Results」. The results of the study show that, through economic activity and border smuggling, the interviewees developed an awareness that the North Korean regime operates inconsistently, learned the principles of free market economy, and found their rights through defection. Based on the findings, the study discusses measures to apply North Korean defectors’ market experience to strengthen their adaptability in South Korean society, criticizes the male-dominated North Korean society, and makes policy-level proposals to help North Korean defector women.
Diverticulitis y neumoperitoneo: una condición no siempre quirúrgica
Authors: Apolinar Andrés F. , Arévalo Cáterin , Gómez Daniel F. , Borráez Bernardo A.
Published: April 2023

Introducción. La enfermedad diverticular es una condición degenerativa usual del colon y motivo de consulta frecuente por dolor abdominal en los servicios de urgencias. Una de las complicaciones frecuentes de esta enfermedad es la perforación del divertículo, lo cual puede resultar en neumoperitoneo, una colección abdominal o una peritonitis localizada o generalizada que, en algunos casos, requiere drenaje de la colección o tratamiento quirúrgico. Se presentan tres casos de pacientes con diverticulitis y neumoperitoneo, que fueron tratados en forma conservadora y tuvieron una evolución satisfactoria.

Objetivos. Los objetivos del estudio fueron determinar las características de los pacientes con diverticulitis y neumoperitoneo y evaluar su evolución con tratamiento médico.

Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una revisión retrospectiva de una base de datos. Se evaluó la incidencia de neumoperitoneo, las características demográficas y la evolución con el tratamiento médico instaurado, en pacientes con diverticulitis atendidos en la Fundación Clínica Shaio, durante el periodo comprendido entre octubre de 2014 y octubre de 2015.

Resultados. De 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de diverticulitis, en 3 se presentó neumoperitoneo, sin evidencia de colecciones o líquido libre abdominales. Estos tres pacientes fueron manejados conservadoramente con antibióticos, obteniéndose una mortalidad nula a corto plazo, sin necesidad de manejo quirúrgico en esta hospitalización.

Conclusiones. La incidencia de diverticulitis asociada a neumoperitoneo sin colecciones abdominales o líquido libre, es poco frecuente en el servicio de urgencias. En pacientes seleccionados, se recomienda un tratamiento inicial conservador, con antibiótico y control sintomático, con lo cual se obtienen buenos resultados
Causas inesperadas de abdomen agudo
Authors: Prieto Robin Germán , Carvajal Germán David , Santos Jorge Hernán , Upegui Daniel , Rendón Juliana
Published: April 2023

El abdomen agudo es un síndrome abdominal doloroso, que requiere rápida valoración y tratamiento médico, endoscópico o quirúrgico. Existen varias clasificaciones y, según su etiología, puede ser traumático o no traumático; a su vez, este último puede ser de tipo obstructivo, inflamatorio o vascular. Los pacientes sometidos a cirugía por abdomen agudo presentan principalmente diagnóstico de enfermedades biliares, apendicitis y hernias de pared abdominal, pero en no pocas ocasiones, el cirujano encuentra pacientes con abdomen agudo quirúrgico de causa no clara. Por esta razón, se deben tener en cuenta enfermedades insospechadas que, en forma cada vez más frecuente, son informadas en la literatura médica, entre ellas, algunas de tipo inflamatorio, como apendicitis epiploica, torsión del epiplón y compromiso del divertículo de Meckel; obstructivo, como neoplasias y hernias internas, o vascular, como púrpura hepática (peliosis hepatis), ruptura esplénica, hemoperitoneo espontáneo y vasculitis. Se hizo una búsqueda en PubMed y Clinical Key, con las palabras claves: “causes, unexpected, and acute abdomen”, y se encontraron 44 artículos publicados en los últimos cinco años, los cuales fueron analizados identificando las principales causas inesperadas de abdomen agudo.
The Anglo-Boer War as Perceived by Children and Adolescents in the Russian Empire
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Gorelik Boris
Published: April 2023

Peculiarities and factors of shaping of the emotional attitudes of Russian children and adolescents to the Anglo-Boer War of 1899–1902 have not yet attracted the attention of researchers. However, the armed conflict in distant South Africa left a deep impression on children and teenagers in the Russian Empire, which was not been erased decades later. Prerequisites for the interest of young Russians in the Anglo-Boer War were that for many of them the remote South Africa was familiar. Thanks to adventure novels, they had an idea about this region, albeit a romanticized one. For Russian schoolchildren, the increased attention of their adult compatriots to the events in southern Africa testified to the importance of this military conflict. Inspired by the example of adults, they closely followed the course of hostilities and made donations to the Boer cause. Knowing that some of the Boer commandos included teenagers, young inhabitants of the Russian Empire dreamed of going to South Africa to help the defenders of the Transvaal and the Orange Free State. The realities of a large-scale and cruel war did not displace the former romantic ideas in the minds of schoolchildren. The war only led to the emergence of other adventure stories based on South African material, which spread through popular culture, including literature and periodicals for children and adolescents.
The Ukraine: Perspectives on Possibilities for the Future
Authors: Liebenberg Ian
Published: April 2023

The author looks into possible pathways to an international resolution of the conflict in the Ukraine. The current conflict in the Ukraine should be seen in the context of developments since the 1054 and the 1400s before the Treaty of Westphalia in the Western calendar. The current historical memory and collective consciousness of the Russians experienced over many years, can be found in the numerous betrayals from the West over a long time. Betrayals of which deep memories still linger and still influence Russian collective historical memory. These collections of socio-historical memories rest on brutal intervention/aggression from the West inflicted in history and cannot be ignored in the current loaded context. The rational way out is negotiations. There is no single sovereignty in Ukraine at stake here. The right to choose your sovereignty should be consistently applied to a divided Ukrainian people. People as a self-defined group, should be given the right to choose their political habitus and their future belonging. The wish for sovereignty has at least two sides and apply to the Eastern Ukraine. Conflict cannot solve the problem. Creative and far-sighted alternatives, even if it looks far-fetched, may well provide new opportunities for peace in the future.
Shalom, Africa! Israeli Soft Power on the African Continent
Authors: Semenova Anna
Published: April 2023

The article outlines Israel’s strategy on the African continent, characterizes the key goals and measures used for spreading Israeli influence in the region. Special emphasis is placed on analyzing the activities of the Israeli Agency for International Development Cooperation, which since its foundation shortly after the proclamation of the State of Israel has been the main handler of Israel’s soft power in Africa.
Family Planning Problems in Countries of North Africa
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Rybalkina Inna
Published: April 2023

Family planning programs are one of the most important components of population policy. The article examines the determining and accompanying factors of reproductive behavior in the recent historical retrospective of the North African region, starting from the middle of the 20th century. Since the second half of the last century, families in the Arab world have been undergoing transformation as new models of family and marriage relations appear in the result of the gradual acceleration of socio-economic development. From the 1970s, more and more governments in the region began to pursue a demographic policy against uncontrolled population growth, which is a powerful brake on economic dynamics. The main influence on the reduction in the birth rate was exerted by five factors – the level of the healthcare system, economic, social, political, and cultural aspects. The reduction in the birth rate can begin only after a decrease in mortality, primarily infant and child. The use of contraceptives, as a method of deliberate birth control, is also an important component. The processes of urbanization and migration are considered significant factors influencing fertility rates. Raising the age of marriage, increasing life expectancy have an impact on reducing the size of the family. In any case, the decline in the birth rate entails the aging of the population. The richer the country, the higher the percentage of older people is in its population. According to experts, the governments should take on the task of providing families and aging generation with social security, improving the provision of pensions and benefits, especially for women, and actively promoting the expansion of women’s education and emancipation, which would be beneficial for the development of society and the state.
Cavailles and Spinoza, Leibniz, Husserl : four texts
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: April 2023

R. Aron (text 1), G. Canguilhem (texts 2-4)
Pilot sustainability study comparing growth characteristics of mung bean (Vigna radiata) in German indoor and outdoor environments
Authors: Huppertz Maren , Khan Mather , Ngigi Mary , Baby Dibin , Panigrahi Kishore , Bauer Petra
Published: April 2023

Pulses are neglected crops in Germany. To meet sustainable development goals and decrease global carbon emissions, there is a need for a sustainable agricultural system. During the current changing climate environment, there is a particular emphasis on developing pulses for the regional production of proteinaceous micronutrient-rich food. It is conceivable that established popular pulse crops from the Global South are options also in Middle Europe, such as the popular Asian Vigna radiata (green gram, mung bean), which is unknown and not agronomically exploited in Germany. First open questions are whether mung bean plants can be grown to maturity in outdoor conditions in Germany and whether the growth cycle can be completed with successful yield. Here, we present a pilot study using an Indian variety from Odisha, an area with temperate winter conditions, comparable with German summer. We compared growth of mung bean from seedling stage to maturity in a German indoor and outdoor environment. We repeated the experiment four times spanning between April and September 2022. Additionally, we investigated whether and to which extent growth dynamics, flowering, fruiting and seed micronutrient contents were affected by differing soil-sand ratios. Thereby, we were able to define the most suited time window for cultivation of mung bean in German outdoors and the soil-to-sand ratios for optimal growth and yield. This study is useful for planning future field testing and genetic selection experiments to identify the most suited mung bean varieties for cultivation and improved breeding in Germany.
Procedural Auditory Category Learning is Selectively Disrupted in Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Derawi Hadeer , Roark Casey L , Gabay Yafit
Published: April 2023

Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) is presumed to arise due to a malfunctioning procedural memory system alongside a preserved/enhanced declarative memory system. Despite accumulating evidence supporting this notion, there is a major gap in our understanding of procedural learning functions in DLD. Prior research has tended to focus on the impaired outcomes of procedural learning in DLD but has not yet systematically studied the learning process that leads to these differences. Without fine-grained assessment of online processing during learning, it is impossible to ascertain the cause of poorer learning outcomes in DLD. Here we capitalized on perceptual category learning combined with computational models that characterize the strategies employed during learning to unravel the nature of procedural learning disruption in DLD. Children with DLD and typically developed (TD) children completed two well-matched nonspeech auditory category learning challenges to draw upon presumed procedural (information-integration) versus declarative (rule-based) learning systems. We observed impaired information-integration category learning and intact rule-based category learning in the DLD group compared to the TD group. Quantitative model-based analyses revealed reduced use of, and slower shifting to, optimal procedural-based strategies in DLD and slower shifting to but similarly efficient use of optimal hypothesis-testing strategies. The dissociation is consistent with the procedural deficit hypothesis and multiple category learning systems. To the extent that perceptual category learning via procedural memory systems is a basic building block upon which linguistic skills are formed, the present findings promote our understanding of the difficulties children with DLD face in forming stable linguistic representations.
Lessons and Recommendations from a Research Audit for the Transparent Psi Project (TPP)
Authors: Kennedy James E.
Published: April 2023

The lessons and recommendations described here were developed from conducting a research audit of the Transparent Psi Project (TPP). The TPP was intended as a potential model and learning experience for optimal research practices. The topics discussed here are among the potential lessons from the TPP. The recommendations are: (1) Validation of data collection software is essential. (2) Evaluation of power or operating characteristics (inferential errors) is essential, including for sequential Bayesian analyses. (3) An online repository copy of data is very valuable, but easy-to-use, reliable, secure processes remain to be developed. (4) A good research audit is much more extensive than current peer review for publication, including Registered Reports. (5) Quality control (QC) comes before auditing. (6) Good research practice guidelines and/or standard operating procedures (SOPs) for general use would be very valuable for confirmatory psychological research. (7) It is time to implement routine measures to prevent experimenter fraud. (8) Git appears to be not optimal for software tracking to prevent programming fraud.
A Viability Assessment of Leveraging Large Language Models to Extract Insights into People and Culture from Language
Authors: Zhou Haotian , Chen Jia
Published: April 2023

The paper evaluates the feasibility of using large language models to automatically extract insights about people from textual data. It is the first systematic attempt to assess the viability of automated coding of textual data by GPT LLMs.
An Evolutionary Theory of Values
Authors: Griffiths Neil , Thomas Kevin , Dyer Bryce
Published: April 2023

Brains, individuals, humanity, and the universe in which they emerged are complex adaptive systems. Driven by common motivations related to the second law of thermodynamics, their dynamism is regulated by localised cooperation and competition between components. Cooperation is associated with energy conservation and stability, competition with energy loss and disorder. All systems can be evaluated in terms of their propensity to change and the interplay of cooperation and competition between components. The Schwartz system of values, which provides a parsimonious description of the human motivational system, has axes that describe just these characteristics. We argue that its structure evolved to represent a pre-existing universal equivalent. The motives of stable, energy-conserving pre-biotic systems can be attributed to the equivalent of its conservation/cooperation quadrant. With the evolution of organisms, subordinate competitive motives were integrated to facilitate dynamism. Pro-change motives subsequently emerged in intelligent organisms, to be supplemented by widely framed and consciously cooperative motives in humanity. We present experimental and other evidence showing that human decision-making exhibits linear, hierarchical patterns of values-based influence consistent with this evolutionary sequence. The implications of this on established psychological theory, and the potential insights it offers in relation to personal, organizational, and societal development are discussed.
Actions are characterised by ‘canonical moments’ in a sequence of movements
Authors: Brady Nuala
Published: April 2023

Understanding what others are doing is an essential aspect of social cognition that depends on our ability to quickly recognize and categorize their actions. To effectively study action recognition we need to understand how actions are bounded, where they start and where they end. Here we borrow a conceptual approach - the notion of ‘canonicality’ - introduced by Palmer and colleagues in their study of object recognition and apply it to the study of action recognition. Using a set of 50 video clips from stock photography sites, we show that many everyday actions – transitive, intransitive, social, non-social, communicative – are characterized by ‘canonical moments’ in a sequence of movements that are agreed by participants to ‘best represent’ the viewed action in a forced choice (Exp 1, n = 142) and a free choice (Exp 2, n = 125) paradigm. In Exp 3 (n = 102) we confirm that canonical moments from action sequences are more readily named as depicting specific actions and, mirroring research in object recognition, that canonical moments are privileged in memory (Exp 4, n = 95). We suggest that ‘canonical moments’, being those that convey maximal information about human actions, are integral to the representation of human action.
The “central” importance of loneliness in mental health: A factor analytic and network psychometric study
Authors: Pascalidis John , Bathelt Joe
Published: April 2023

Loneliness is associated with undesirable mental health outcomes such as depression and social anxiety. However, the pathways that lead from loneliness to depression and social anxiety or vice versa are unclear. This study aims to answer three questions in relation to this: firstly, is loneliness a distinct construct to social anxiety and depression, secondly, are there transmission pathways connecting to loneliness, and thirdly, what are the influential symptoms that form these transmission pathways? This study employed comprehensive factor and network analyses in a representative, adult UK sample (N= 962, Mean age = 46, females = 492) to try to answer these questions. The network was found to have four dimensions: the mental health constructs depression as one and social anxiety as two, and two for loneliness, isolation and social connectedness. Two major pathways for the transmission of symptoms between loneliness and the mental health constructs were found that were distinct for each of the mental health constructs. The depression-isolation pathway contained a highly influential node that reflected the perceived loss of social connections. The social anxiety-social connectedness pathway was characterised by intimate interaction contexts. The results point towards loneliness being a distinct construct with different symptom activation mechanisms possibly driving comorbidity for different mental health disorders.
The Tools of Racial Disenfranchisement: Lessons from 135,457 Individual Voter Records
Authors: Wehner Joachim , de Kadt Daniel
Published: April 2023

Over the past two centuries elites worldwide have used a variety of tools to indirectly exclude specific racial groups from the electorate when laws or constitutions prevented them from doing so directly. Yet, because voter registers rarely capture race, how these tools affect the racial composition of the electorate remains unclear. We contribute foundational micro-evidence from newly digitized archival data for all 135,457 voters registered in the Cape Colony (South Africa) in 1903, including their racial classification. We examine franchise restrictions introduced by Prime Minister Cecil Rhodes a decade earlier, and find they reduced registered voters of colour by at least one third relative to white voters, likely shifting crucial election outcomes. Tracing how race, class, and geography intersect at the individual level, we find that increased property requirements had the largest impact. This also reveals a trade-off between the breadth and precision of different tools of racial disenfranchisement.
Plastic Policies and Initiatives of International Coffee Chains
Authors: Yano Nanami
Published: April 2023

Environmental issues including plastic pollution are considered significant threats to future generations. Successful implementation of both legislative and non-legislative policies is necessary to achieve plastic pollution mitigation. While many researchers focus on policies at a larger scale, there is a lack of research concerning initiatives taken by businesses. This study examined how influential international chain businesses implement plastic policies at a corporate level. This study focused on corporate plastic initiatives taken by the four world’s leading international coffee chains: Starbucks, Costa Coffee, Dunkin’ Donuts, and McDonald’s. The information on the corporate policies was collected in a table chronologically, and later categorized according to 3R principles (i.e., reduce, reuse, and recycle) for the analysis. The study showed that all four companies advocate sustainability and launched different plastic initiatives, however, most corporate communication focused on promoting the launch of plastic initiatives, and the outcomes of those efforts were mostly missing. This study calls for disclosure of further details about corporate initiatives and collaboration between academia and the industry for a comprehensive assessment framework.
Impact of Old Age Allowance on Socio-Economic Well being of Elderly People in Pokhara
Authors: Ranabhat Deepesh
Published: April 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of old age allowance on socio-economic wellbeing of elderly people in Pokhara. For this purpose, out of total 630 recipients of old age allowance in Pokhara Metropolitan-26, 135 respondents have been purposively selected. Information was collected from these respondents using structured questionnaire. Both descriptive as well as inferential statistics were used for the analysis. The mean score analysis shows that old age allowance helps to increase feeling of honor that government is taking care of them, increase their self-respect, financial independency, meet household expenditure, fulfillment of basic needs such as foods needs and purchase of health facilities and medicine. From this we can conclude that old age allowance plays a very important role in socio-economic wellbeing of the beneficiaries. Similarly, independent sample t-test shows that there is significant change in socio-economic wellbeing in education, and ethnic group. However, there is no any significant change in socio-economic wellbeing in gender, marital status, family type, size of family, occupation and monthly income of family of the respondents.
The Lifestyle of Hypertensive People and its Health Effects
Authors: Pandey Naranath
Published: April 2023

Lifestyle changes have brought many problems in people like hypertension, hyperacidity, diabetes, heart disease, liver disease, kidney disease, cancer etc. Therefore, this study has been done to find out the effect of lifestyle on some people with high blood pressure in Kawasoti Nawalpur. This study was conducted using a convenient survey method and using an interview schedule. In this study, a sphygmomanometer and stethoscope were used to find out the blood pressure and a weighing machine and measuring tape were used to find out the body mass index (BMI) of the hypertensive people.A study of 320 people found that 108 people had high blood pressure. After analyzing the data, found that the analyzing main causes of hypertension in hypertensive people are; obesity (38.89%), alcohol consumption (55.56%), smoking (81.48%), more salt and junk food intake (74.07%), and living a sedentary lifestyle (35.19%) etc. The effects of hypertension on hypertensive people are; headache (82.40%), having trouble sleeping (50.92%), Dizziness (49.07%), shortness of breath (13.89%), epistaxis (8.33%), and feel palpitation (33.33%). They have tried to reduce hypertension by losing weight by doing many tasks like fasting once a week (68.51%), yoga or physical exercise (33.33%), reducing alcohol drinking and smoking habits (85.18%) etc. So, after finding out the main causes of hypertension, the researcher wants to suggest to hypertensive people to change their lifestyle including losing weight.
Economic Impacts of Farmers Cooperatives in Nepal: A Study of Uthan Farmers' Cooperatives Limited Kalika-8 Chitwan
Authors: Dhakal Chandra Prasad
Published: April 2023

The study analyzes the economic impactsof Uthan Farmers'CooperativeLimited in term of financial viability like employment, income and saving. The study explores the impacts in the context of Uthan Farmers' Cooperative Limited (UFCL), Kalika municipality ward no 8 Chitwan. Main objective of the study is to find out the perception of users group of the   cooperative on economic impacts like employment, saving and income. Qualitative research design is followed and completed the study. Findings and conclusion of the study is based on primary data collected from the field by interview questions and observation checklist. Members of the cooperative have both positive and negative experiences on the activities of the cooperative ruing in study area (Kalika municipality ward no 8, Chitwan) playing role to bring impacts on the economic aspects of the members.
On the Role of Scorers in Curbing Examination Malpractices
Authors: Sharma Netra Prasad , Poudel Kamal Kumar
Published: April 2023

Examination malpractices as a phenomenon cross the boundaries set by time and geography and are often an issue in Nepal as well generating a considerable amount of discourse amongst students, teachers, parents and all the concerned. In theory, subjective testing does allow scorers the room for the play of their personal judgement. Nonetheless, a thread of argument prevails in the Nepalese academic circle, the argument attempting to curtail the judgement of scorers stating that scorers are obliged to award scores for what answer sheets contain and that they lack any right to judge whether or not the examinee performances might be the result of one or the other kind of malpractices that are also the product of the dereliction of invigilators and other test administration staff responsible for overseeing the performance of examinees. This paper follows this argument and endeavors to supply evidence for reinforcing the counter-argument that stands equally strong – the argument advocating the scorer right to judge and treat any malpractices evident in examinee performances. This right is conceived as one of the effective measures to curb examinee malpractices. For this, it supplies the justification for the exercise of scorer right, if formally and explicitly conferred on scorers, to treat the instances of examinee malpractices that are evident in the answer sheets of examinees.
वैदिक दर्शनमा आनन्द (सुख) को स्वरूप(Form of Ananda (happiness) in Vedic philosophy)
Authors: उपाध्याय गोविन्दशरण
Published: April 2023

सुख, खुसी तथा आनन्द – यी प्रचलित शब्द हुन् , सुखले भौतिक शरीरको, खुसीले मनको र आनन्दले आत्माका गुणहरूको प्रतिनिधित्व गर्छन् ः यो वैदिक बुझाइ हो । साधारण रूपमा सुन्दा र प्रयोग गर्दा पर्यायवाचीजस्ता प्रतीत भए पनि वैदिक ऋषिमुनि र आचार्यहरूले उपर्युक्त तिनै विषयवस्तुहरूलाई फरकफरक रूपमा साक्षात्कार गरेका छन् र साक्षात्कारका विधिहरू समेतको विशद चर्चापरिचर्चा गरेका छन् । उपनिषद्हरूले जीवनको प्राथमिक लक्ष्य सुखप्राप्ति, दोस्रो लक्ष्य सुख (रस) प्राप्ति र अन्तिम लक्ष्य नै आनन्द–प्राप्तिको बाटो तोकेका छन् । यो लक्ष्यलाई कसैले आनन्द, कसैले पूर्णता, कसैले मोक्ष, कसैले, मुक्ति, कसैले परमज्ञान, कसैले निर्वाण, कसैले ब्रह्मैकत्व र कसैले अभयपदको प्राप्ति भनेका छन् । भौतिक सुख, मानसिक रस र आध्यात्मिक उत्सवका रूपमा परमानन्द वा ब्रह्मानन्दको प्राप्तिका लागि कर्म, ज्ञान र भक्ति यी तीनवटा मार्गहरू पूर्वनिश्चित छन् । जीवले आफ्नो अभिमुखीकरणका आधारमा उपर्युक्त तीनमध्ये एउटा बाटोमा आफूलाई निमज्ज गर्छ र आनन्दको लक्ष्य प्राप्त गर्छ ्र भूमा–सुखको प्राप्तिको लागि हरेक जीवले स्वतन्त्र रूपमा शारीरिक सुख, मानसिक खुसी (रस) का खुड्किलाहरू पार गर्नैपर्छ । आनन्द तेस्रो खुड्किलो हो, जहाँबाट खुड्किलाहरूको सधैँका लागि अवशान हुन्छ । निःसन्देह, दर्शनशास्त्री तथा मनोवैज्ञानिकहरूले भूमा–सुखका विषयमा चर्चा गरेका छन् तथापि शरीर र तथा मनभन्दा माथिल्लो तहको पूर्णआनन्दका विषयमा उपनिषद्हरूले बढी चर्चा गरेका छन् । शरीर र मनको सुख त महत्त्वपूर्ण छन् नै । त्यसभन्दा पनि बढी महत्त्वपूर्ण आत्माको सुख (आनन्द) छ भन्ने विषयको प्रतिष्ठा यस अनुसन्धान आलेखले स्थापित गर्ने प्रयास गरेको छ ।
नेपाली उपन्यासमा रचना–प्रक्रियाको विषयकरण (Thematization of composition-process in Nepali)
Authors: श्रेष्ठ जीवन
Published: April 2023

उपन्यास लेखनका क्रममा गरिने समग्र क्रियाकलापहरूरचना–प्रक्रिया हुन् । परम्परागत रूपमा यसलाई उपन्यासबाहिरको सन्दर्भ वा रचना–गर्भ मानिएको भए पनि पछिल्लो समय यस प्रक्रियालाई नै विषय बनाएर उपन्यास रचना भएका छन् । यस समयमा उपन्यासकारमा उपन्यास सृजनाको मानसिकता निर्माण भएको प्रसङ्गसहित लेखन र प्रकाशनसम्मका समग्र प्रक्रियालाई नै विषय बनाएर लेख्ने प्रवृत्ति देखापरिरहेको छ । यसलाई उत्तरआधुनिकतावादी आख्यानको एउटा विशेषता मानिन्छ । रचना–प्रक्रियाको विषयकरणले आख्यानबाहिरको यथार्थलाई आख्यानभित्रको काल्पनिक संसारमा प्रस्तुत गरी यथार्थ र कल्पनाबिचको भेद मेटाउँछ तर यसबाट पाठकमा एक प्रकारको भ्रम सिर्जना हुन्छ, जसलाई उत्तरआधुनितावादले यथार्थका रूपमा स्वीकार गर्दछ । यसले परम्परागत औपन्यासिक संरचनालाई भञ्जन गरी नवीन आख्यान संरचना निर्माण गर्दछ ।नेपालीमा रचना गरिएका यस प्रवृत्तिका उपन्यासहरूको खोजी र गहन अध्ययन हुन सकेको छैन । यस सन्दर्भमा रचना–प्रक्रियाको विषयकरणको सैद्धान्तिक आधार के–कस्तो रहेको छ र नेपाली उपन्यासमा रचना–प्रक्रियाको अनुकरण कसरी गरिएको छ भन्ने समस्यामा केन्द्रित भएर यो अनुसन्धान गरिएको छ ।यसका लागि उपन्यासको विषयसम्बन्धी सैद्धान्तिक मान्यताका आधारमा नेपाली उपन्यासको अध्ययन गरी रचना–प्रक्रियालाई विषयकरण गरिएका उपन्यासहरूको खोजी गरिएको छ ।ध्रुवचन्द्र गौतम र ध्रुव सापकोटाको ‘ज्यागा’(२०५०), राजेन्द्र पराजुलीको ‘अनायिका’(२०६३), टङ्कप्रसाद चौलागाईंको ‘कथाको खोजी’ (२०६४) र राजवको ‘बेकारीमा उपन्यास’(२०६९) आदि उपन्यासमा रचना–प्रक्रियाको विषयकरण गरिएको छ । यस प्रकारकाउपन्यासले नवीन विषयको खोजी गरी उपन्यासलाई काल्पनिक संसारबाट वास्तविक जीवनको यथार्थ संसारमा ल्याउने प्रयास गरेको छ । यसको परिणामस्वरूप यथार्थ र कल्पनाको भेद समाप्त भई भ्रम सिर्जना भएको छ । यस्तो लेखन उत्तरआधुनिकतावादी चिन्तनबाट प्रभावित भएकाले यसले उपन्यासको परम्परागत विधागत संरचना तथा अवधारणालाई भञ्जन गरी नवीन संरचना निर्माण पनि गरेको छ ।यसले नेपाली उपन्यासलाई प्रयोगको एउटा नयाँ मोडमा पु¥याएको भए पनि उपन्यास विधालाई जीवन र समाजको यथार्थबाट बिमुख गराएको छ ।
Visket Jatra: From The Political Aspect
Authors: Kayastha Balaram
Published: April 2023

Visket Jatra is one of the famous festivals of Bhaktapur area, which is being celebrated every year with Mesha Sankranti (Aries Solstice) as the focal point. Many kinds of legends are also prevalent among the people regarding this festival. But recent studies have shown that there is no truth in some of these legends. What exactly is Visket Jatra? In this regards it is difficult to interprate it in the true sense by looking at it from a single angle. For this, it is necessary to have study and analysis from various aspects like religious, cultural, social, political etc. From a religious point of view, this Jatra procession is a procession of Bhairav, the chief deity of Bhaktapur city and his consert Bhairavi. Similarly, at the Tantrik level, this Jatra (procession) can be taken as a symbol of mutual intercourse between the two. The Jatra also seems to have a role to play in entertaining the general public. In this way, from the very beginning at the political level, this Jatra was a symbol of good relations between the king and the people. However, there are also rumors that such Jatras (festivals) have been introduced in the name of religion to divert public attention from political issues. But in the case of Bhaktapur, the relationship between the king and the people here have always been sweet and cordial, many historical contexts make this clear. The same intimate relationship used to be revealed in the Visket Jatra. The Jatras festivals has not only the religious or cultural significance but it also has political aspect. This article is prepared in descriptive, analytical and comparative study method. And main conclusion of this study is that how, despite being a traditional Jatra, this Jatra has been going on continuously till today, it has been highlighted that the state or the government also has an important role in this, as well as people’s support and participation.
नेपाली युवालाई भर्ती पठाउने इस्तिहारको सवाल
Authors: घर्तीमगर मनाेज
Published: April 2023

नेपाल–अंग्रेज युद्धका बेला गोर्खाली फौजको नेतृत्व गरेर पश्चिमी क्षेत्रमा अंग्रेजसँग लडिरहेका अमरसिंह थापा र जनरल डेबिट अक्टरलोलीबीच सन् १५ मे १८१५ मा एउटा सम्झौता भयो । दुवै सेनाका कमाण्डरबीच भएको सम्झौतापत्रमा हस्ताक्षर हुँदा त्यस पत्रको पाँचौँ धारामा अंग्रेजले ब्रिटिस सेनामा गोर्खालीलाई भर्ती गर्न सक्ने व्यवस्था गरेको थियो । त्यसपछि भगौडा गोर्खाली सेनालाई समेटेर अंग्रेजले शिरमोर, नुसिरी, मलाउ र कुमाउ बटालियन बनायो । त्यसबेलेलादेखि सुरु भएको भर्ती प्रथा राणकालिन समयमा आउँदा बेसरी झाङ्गियो । राणकालमा गोर्खाली युवालाई इस्तिहार जारी गरेर गाउँगाउँबाट जम्मा गरी भर्ती पठाइएको छ । किन इस्तिहार जारी गरेरै भर्ती पठाइयो होला ? यसको जिज्ञासा मेटाउन यो आलेख तयार गरिएको छ । यो अध्ययन गुणात्मक अनुसन्धान विधि अन्तर्गत विश्लेषणात्मक र वर्णनात्मक अनुसन्धान ढाँचा प्रयोग गरी अध्ययन सम्पन्न गरीएको हो ।
Mindsponge-based investigation into the non-linear effects of threat perception and trust on recycled water acceptance in Galicia and Murcia, Spain
Authors:   Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Minh-Hoang ,   Graduate School of Asia Pacific Studies, Ritsumeikan Asia Pacific University, Beppu, Oita 874-8577, Japan, Nguyen Thi-Phuong ,   Centre for Crop Systems Analysis, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 430, 6700 AK Wageningen, The Netherlands, Nguyen Hong-Son ,   Office of CPV Central Committee, 1A Hung Vuong Ward, Ba Dinh District, Hanoi, Vietnam, La Viet-Phuong ,   Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   A.I. for Social Data Lab(AISDL), Vuong & Associates, 3/161 Thinh Quang Ward, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Le Tam-Tri ,   Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   A.I. for Social Data Lab(AISDL), Vuong & Associates, 3/161 Thinh Quang Ward, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Phuong-Loan ,   Spanish Department, Hanoi University, Km 9, Nguyen Trai Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Minh-Hieu Thi ,   School of Psychology, Massey University, Auckland 0745, New Zealand,   Faculty of Management and Tourism, Hanoi University, Km 9, Nguyen Trai Ward, Nam Tu Liem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Vuong Quan-Hoang ,   Centre for Interdisciplinary Social Research, Phenikaa University, Yen Nghia Ward, Ha Dong District, Hanoi, Vietnam,   A.I. for Social Data Lab(AISDL), Vuong & Associates, 3/161 Thinh Quang Ward, Dong Da District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: April 2023

The water scarcity crisis is becoming more severe across the globe and recycled water has been suggested as a feasible solution to the crisis. However, expanding the use of potable and recycled public water has been hindered by public acceptance. Previous studies suggest threat perception and trust of provided information have positive linear relationships with recycled water acceptance. However, given the complex filtering role of trust in the human mental process, we argue that the effects of threat perception and trust may have non-linear relationships with acceptance of recycled water for drinking. To support and validate this argument, we employed Bayesian Mindsponge Framework analytics on 726 Spanish residents. We found that individuals more concerned about water shortage are less likely to accept using recycled water for drinking if their trust in the water quality and safety is low. Meanwhile, people more concerned about water shortage are more likely to accept using recycled water for drinking if they trust the water quality and safety. The findings suggest the non-linear relationships between threat perception, trust, and recycled water acceptance while validating mindsponge-based reasoning. Moreover, the results also highlight the importance of trust in influencing the mental process’s outcome: recycled water acceptance.
Using expert evidence on intellectual property: A practical perspective
Authors:   Vietnam Intellectual Property Research Institute, 39 Tran Hung Dao Street, Hoan Kiem District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Huu Can
Published: April 2023

There have been many studies on the role and legal value of expert evidence in intellectual property (IP) disputes and infringement cases. In the case of IP dispute and infringement to be resolved in the courts, the duty of these experts is to provide professional opinions in a way that is completely impartial, independent, reasonable, and transparent. It can be said that in a majority of cases, reliance on expert evidence demonstrates the role of expert opinions in assisting IP enforcement authorities in reaching their final decision on the case although the authorities are not bound by such evidence. Based on global practices, this article attempts to answer some initial legal questions such as when does an expert opinion become evidence? Is expert evidence the product of legal expertise or technical expertise? Is the expert evidence an administrative decision, and under what circumstances can it be used?
Determining factors affecting innovation capacity of students at economic universities in Hanoi
Authors:   Trade Union University, 169 Tay Son Street, Dong Da District,Hanoi, Vietnam, Ha Dieu Linh , Nguyen Thi My Linh ,   VNU University of Economics and Business, 144 Xuan Thuy Street, Cau Giay District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Van Hoang ,   National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Tran Gia Huy ,   National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Nguyen Duc Kien ,   National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam, Trinh Khanh Huyen ,   National Economics University, 207 Giai Phong Street, Hai Ba Trung District, Hanoi, Vietnam
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to explore the factors affecting the innovation capacity of students at the National Economics University, Vietnam. Researchers inherited and developed this work based on previous research to focus on analysing and evaluating dynamics, measuring innovation capacity, and the factors affecting innovation capacity of university students. The innovation capacity model is used based on six factors: creativity, self-confidence, personal energy, risk propensity, leadership ability, and ambiguous problem solving. The empirical analysis used data from the survey data of 250 students from the economic sector in Hanoi with reliable tools (SPSS 26.0 software). The data were analysed by frequencies, percentages, means, Pearson’s linear correlation coefficient, exploratory factor analysis, and multi-linear regression model based on the survey data. The research results identified the following factors affecting the innovation capacity of university students: personal energy and leadership ability, which have the strongest impact on student innovation capacity. Self-confidence, risk propensity, and ambiguous problem solving had strong effects on student innovation capacity. Finally, creativity also affected student innovation capacity. There is also a positive relationship between all factors and student innovation capacity. Several recommendations are suggested to enhance innovation capacity for students in Vietnam.