bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forensic STR and SNP Genotyping of Formalin‐Fixed Skeleton Samples With Illumina's ForenSeq System
Authors: Yang Tingting , Gao Linlin , Zhang Jiarong , Xie Wei , Hu Wenjing , Yan Jiangwei
Published: October 2024

Formalin fixatives are widely used in forensics to preserve tissues. However, extracting high‐quality genomic DNA from formalin‐fixed samples is challenging. Traditional short tandem repeat (STR) analysis using capillary electrophoresis (CE) for forensic DNA typing frequently results in failure. Massively parallel sequencing (MPS) can handle many samples and thousands of genetic markers, usually single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and STRs, in a single test. Thus, it is useful for assessing highly deteriorated forensic evidence. Few studies have examined the effectiveness of STRs and SNPs genotyping of formalin‐fixed skeletons using MPS. In this study, 55 skeletal samples from 5 individuals that were treated under different formalin fixation times (5–75 days) were examined and sequenced using the ForenSeq DNA Signature Prep Kit on the Illumina MiSeq FGX platform. The results showed that as the duration of formalin fixation increased, the detection rates of STRs and SNPs gradually decreased. After 75 days of fixation, the average detection rates for STRs and SNPs were 4% and 10%, respectively. The cumulative discrimination power (CDP) of individual identification SNPs (iiSNPs) was >0.9999 on the 45th day. However, the CDP of STRs was 0.9930 on the 22nd day. Low detection rates were observed for six STRs (D1S1656, PentaE, D22S1045, PentaD, DX8378 and DX10103) and five SNPs (rs2920816, rs354439, rs1736442, rs338882 and rs1031825). In conclusion, DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed skeletons decomposes rapidly over time, and MPS technology can be a useful tool for detecting forensic genetic markers in such samples.
Epigenetic Age Estimation by Detecting DNA Methylation Status in Buccal Swabs
Authors: Guan Zimeng , Wang Jiaqi , Liu Zidong , Yang Chengwen , Xu Xin , Wang Xinjie , Zhang Gengqian
Published: October 2024

The analysis of DNA methylation (DNAm) levels at specific CpG sites represents one of the most promising molecular techniques for estimating an individual's age. To date, a considerable number of studies have reported the development of age prediction models on the basis of DNAm in body fluids, with only a few utilizing buccal swabs. The objective of this study was to identify age‐dependent methylation CpG sites in three different genes (HOXC4, TRIM59, and ELOVL2) in buccal swab samples from the Chinese Han population. A total of 461 buccal swabs, with an age range of 0.4–80.8 years, were divided into a training set (n = 325) and a validation set (n = 136). Samples were analyzed by pyrosequencing in order to identify age‐related genes with correlation coefficient. A random forest regression model was ultimately proposed, including eight CpGs in three genes, with a mean absolute error (MAE) of 2.119 years. The model performs independent validation set with an MAE of 4.391 years. Our findings illustrate that buccal swabs present a suitable alternative to biological traces for age prediction based on DNAm pattern using pyrosequencing and random forest regression, offering the additional advantage of being collected noninvasively.
Hybrid Wind‐Solar Self‐Powered Detector System Using a Triboelectric‐Photovoltaic Generator for Smart Agriculture
Authors: Zhao Jing , Li Xinrui , Lu Xiaolei , Cui Mingxing , Qi Wendong , Wang Dongming , Zheng Ruifang , Yu Xin
Published: October 2024

The growth of crops is affected by factors such as temperature, humidity, and salinity, so it is critical to monitor these indicators through detectors in smart agriculture. Collecting renewable energy in the farmland environment to power the detector will provide a feasible approach. Therefore, a triboelectric‐photovoltaic hybrid generator (WS‐TPHG) is proposed to collect solar and wind energy efficiently. The generator structure includes a photovoltaic panel (PV) and a wind‐driven triboelectric nanogenerator (W‐TENG). The switching function of the power supply can be realized through the power management circuit. In the case of sufficient light, the detector is powered by PV steadily, and in the case of insufficient light, the detector is powered by W‐TENG via the switching function. The PV can supply a stable voltage of 8.1 V, and the open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of W‐TENG can reach 478.6 V at 180 rpm. The results verify that the detection of temperature, humidity, and salinity can be successfully achieved through the detector which is powered by WS‐TPHG. In this article, the potential application of WS‐TPHG is demonstrated in farmland to provide a solution for the sustainable development of agriculture.
The bidirectional role of music effect in epilepsy: Friend or foe?
Authors: Gao Shajing , Gong Yiwei , Xu Cenglin , Chen Zhong
Published: October 2024

Epilepsy is a prevalent neurological disease that impacts around 70 million individuals globally. Anti‐seizure medications (ASMs) are the first choice for clinicians to control unprovoked epileptic seizures. Although more than 30 ASMs are available in the market, patients with epilepsy (PWEs) still show poor responses to adequate drug treatment. Meanwhile, long‐term medications not only bring heavy financial burdens but also lead to undesirable side effects. Music, a ubiquitous art form throughout human history, has been confirmed as therapeutically effective in various neurological conditions, including epilepsy. This alternative therapy offers convenience and a relatively safe approach to alleviating epileptic symptoms. Paradoxically, besides anti‐convulsant effect, some particular music would cause seizures inversely, indicating the pro‐convulsant effect of it. Considering that investigating the impact of music on epilepsy emerges as a compelling subject. In this review, we tried to present the following sections of content on this topic. Initially, we overviewed the impact of music on the brain and the significant progress of music therapy in central neurological disorders. Afterward, we classified the anti‐convulsant and pro‐convulsant effects of music in epilepsy, relying on both clinical and laboratory evidences. Finally, possible mechanisms and neural basis of the music effect were concluded, and the translational potentials and some future outlooks about the music effect in epilepsy were proposed.

Plain Language Summary

Epilepsy is an extremely severe neurological disorder. Although anti‐seizure medications are preferred choice to control seizures, the efficacy is not satisfied due to the tolerance. Anecdotal music effect had been deemed functional diversity but not clarified on epilepsy, pro‐convulsive, or anti‐convulsive. Here, we reviewed this interesting but puzzling topic, as well as illustrating the potential mechanisms and its translational potential.
Numerical simulation of multiphase flow and prediction of sediment wear in a large Pelton turbine
Authors: Qin Mengjun , Yu Zhishun , Wu Baofu , Pang Jiayang , Jiang Dengyun , Zhang Haiku , Liu Jitao , Hua Hong , Liu Xiaobing
Published: October 2024

The problem of sediment wear presents a significant challenge for hydraulic turbines operating in sediment‐rich rivers, particularly for high‐head Pelton turbines. In this study, the VOF model, SST k–ω model, and DPM model were employed to simulate the gas–liquid–solid three‐phase flow within a large Pelton turbine, which operates under a rated water head of 671 m and has a single capacity of 500 MW, at a hydropower station situated on a sediment‐laden river. The sediment wear prediction model, derived from the sediment wear test of the model turbine, was utilized to forecast the sediment wear on the flow components of the Pelton turbine at the hydropower station. The results show that there are obvious pressure and velocity gradients near the nozzle outlet of the Pelton turbine in the power station, and the wear of the nozzle surface is gradually increasing, and the wear in the downstream area of the nozzle is more serious. The wear rate at the needle tip surface reached 1.372 μm/h, while the socket ring surface exhibited a wear rate of 3.175 μm/h. he highest wear rate recorded for the water bucket is 0.940 μm/h. After a year of continuous operation, the maximum erosion observed was 5.62 mm on the runner bucket made of stainless steel and wear‐resistant metal, 8.23 mm on the spray needle, and 19.05 mm on the nozzle mouth ring, highlighting the severity of sediment wear on the Pelton turbine. It is recommended that surface treatment technology be applied to the flow‐through components of the Pelton turbine at this hydropower station to enhance the wear resistance of the turbine and extend the operational life of the unit.
Hybrid Radial‐Axial Flow for Enhanced Thermal Performance in Packed Bed Energy Storage
Authors: Al‐Azawii Mohammad M. S. , Anderson Ryan
Published: October 2024

In this work, a hybrid radial‐axial (HRA) system is used to store thermal energy in a packed bed. The heat transfer fluid (HTF) is delivered via a perforated radial pipe placed at the center of the packed bed along the axial length. Hot fluid flows from the center toward the wall through the holes (like other radial systems), but then leaves via the traditional axial flow exit, creating the HRA flow configuration. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model is used to analyze the thermal performance of the packed bed during the charging process utilizing the new HRA system. Alumina beads of 6 mm were filler materials and air was HTF with inlet temperature of 75°C for proof of concept. The present paper focuses on two aims: (1) utilizing CFD models to analyze flow and temperature profiles in the packed bed; (2) comparing the model results to experimental results published in a previous HRA flow study and to traditional axial flow. Two HRA configurations were considered based on previous experimental designs, one with uniform holes in the central pipe (R1) and one with gradients in the hole sizes to promote even flow from the central pipe into the bed (R2). The numerical results agree with the experimental results in both cases. The HRA system performance depends on the flow profile created by the hole designs, and it can perform better than the axial flow depending on the design of the radial pipe. Design R2, which promotes even flow from the central pipe into the bed, has higher charging efficiency than standard axial flow methods. For HRA design R2 at 0.0048 m3/s (7 SCFM, standard cubic feet per minute), numerical results for charging efficiency were 75.5% versus 73.8% for traditional axial flow. For HRA design R2 at 0.0061 m3/s (9 SCFM), numerical charging efficiency was 80.5% versus 78.1% for traditional axial flow. These results are consistent with experimental data.
Optimizing Concentrated Solar Power: High‐Temperature Molten Salt Thermal Energy Storage for Enhanced Efficiency
Authors: Boretti Alberto
Published: October 2024

Molten salts (MSs) thermal energy storage (TES) enables dispatchable solar energy in concentrated solar power (CSP) solar tower plants. CSP plants with TES can store excess thermal energy during periods of high solar radiation and release it when sunlight is unavailable, such as during cloudy periods or at night. This capability allows these plants to provide reliable, dispatchable power, ensuring a continuous electricity supply to the grid. This paper examines the challenges and opportunities of utilizing higher‐temperature molten salt formulations to enhance power cycle efficiency. Drawing on existing literature, performance analysis of existing power plants, and novel simulation results, we project the expected technological improvements by the end of this decade. By using 15 h of TES and a higher temperature MS formulation, with heat transfer fluid hot temperatures of 700°C, and a power cycle 350 bar 700°C of efficiency 48%, the annual electricity production from a 115 MW power plant in Daggett, California is 688 GWh, the total installed cost is $684 m while the 25‐year LCOE is 6.37 c/kWh.
Functional and physicochemical characterization of a novel pearl millet—Soy milk‐based synbiotic beverage
Authors: Srivastava Urvashi , Singh Anchal , Ahmed Mazia , Iqbal Unaiza , Saini Pinki
Published: October 2024

This study presents the physicochemical and functional characterization of a novel fermented pearl millet–soy milk‐based synbiotic beverage. The synbiotic fermented pearl millet beverage was optimized at 40% pearl millet and 10.41% sugar, with hedonic score of more than eight for all the responses, through response surface methodology. The fermented synbiotic beverage, with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains exceeding 108 colony‐forming units/mL, exhibited superior nutritional and physicochemical qualities when compared with the unfermented counterpart. The viability percent of lactic acid bacteria in the developed beverage was found to be significantly high (87.83%). The survivability of probiotic culture was 76.71% in simulated gastric juice and 73.87% in simulated intestinal juice after sample storage for 25 days. The result showed that millets stand out as a promising raw material for developing fermented nondairy synbiotic beverages, particularly when combined with microbial strains such as L. plantarum.
Serpentinised Mantle Section of Neoproterozoic Ophiolite at Al‐Barramiya District, North Arabian‐Nubian Shield: Tectono‐Magmatic Evolution and Metamorphism
Authors: Abuamarah Bassam A. , Seddik Amany M. A. , Azer Mokhles K. , Chen Yi‐Xiang , Darwish Mahmoud H.
Published: October 2024

This research focuses on the field observations, petrography, mineral chemistry and geochemistry of the serpentinised peridotite of Al‐Barramiya ophiolitic sequence to place constraints on their magmatic history and their geodynamic evolution. Al‐Barramiya ophiolitic rocks are a dismembered ophiolite which was strongly deformed and metamorphosed under greenschist to lower amphibolite facies. They comprise a mantle section dominated by highly serpentinised peridotite with less metapyroxenite and chromitite, as well as a crustal portion represented by metagabbros. Along shear zones, the ophiolite sequence was affected by several types of alteration. Extensive carbonate alteration is common in the ultramafic section, resulted in talc carbonates, listvenites and magnesite, while rodingitisation is common in the metagabbro resulted in rodingite. Despite the extensive serpentinisation, some fresh relics of primary mantle minerals such as Cr‐spinel, olivine and pyroxenes are preserved sporadically in the serpentinised peridotite. Few Cr‐spinel crystals are sometimes surrounded by subhedral flakes of Cr‐chlorite (kämmererite) that was formed due to replacement of Cr‐spinel during later alteration or regional metamorphism. The serpentinite samples are depleted in the total REE (0.56–1.19 ppm) with slightly negative to slightly positive Eu anomalies (0.89–1.28). The fresh cores of Cr‐spinel have Cr# mostly > 60, and the relics of pyroxenes and olivine are Mg‐rich suggesting that the Al‐Barramiya serpentinites are residual to high degrees of melt extraction. The estimated degrees of partial melting range between 18.2% and 20.7%. All the mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the ultramafic section of the Al‐Barramiya ophiolites are most consistent with its formation in a fore‐arc setting.
Activity History of the Gangga Graben in the Southern Segment of Kung Co Rift in Southern Tibet Constrained by ESR and U‐Series Dating
Authors: Dai Xuejian , Yan Songtao , Li Hu , Hu Junfeng , Liu Tao , Dai Hongrui , Wei Yangchun , Lei Yushi , Guo Wangchuan , Xin Chongyang
Published: October 2024

Characterising the spatial and temporal distribution of the S‐N‐trending rift in southern Tibet is crucial for elucidating the dynamics of E‐W extension within the Tibetan Plateau since the Miocene. The Kung Co–Tangra Yumco rift, located in the central part of the rift system, was initiated at the peak of rifting development. While the initiation of rifting has been ascertained through low‐temperature thermochronology, direct timing constraints remain absent for the Gangga Graben in the southernmost region. Utilising the quartz electron spin resonance (ESR) dating technique, we ascertained the onset age of the eastern boundary fault of the Gangga Graben to be 12.00 ± 1.80 Ma, with an accelerated activity phase at 9.17 ± 1.19 Ma, and an activity age for the western boundary fault at 2.22 ± 0.24 Ma. U‐series dating conducted on the western boundary disclosed a time span of 20–13 ka for hot spring fissure activity. Seismic evidence, inclusive of those from the Gongdapu Horst, indicates persistent activity of the Gangga Graben since the Pleistocene. Comparative analysis of age data from the Kung Co–Tangra Yumco rift suggests that it commenced almost synchronously along its strike at ~14.5–12 Ma. Considering the rifts trending from west to east in southern Tibet and the genetic mechanism of leucogranite, we propose an E‐W extension mechanism in southern Tibet. At ~26–14 Ma, the lithosphere experienced weakened delamination and asthenosphere upwelling, leading to a series of magmatic activities and onset of E‐W extension in southern Tibet. At ~17–7 Ma, as the basal shearing of the underthrusting Indian Plate increased, it marked the peak phase of rifting in southern Tibet.
Perspectives toward the application of Artificial Intelligence in anesthesiology‐related practices in Saudi Arabia: A cross‐sectional study of physicians views
Authors: Al Harbi Mohammed , Alotaibi Ahmed , Alanazi Amal , Alsughayir Fatimah , Alharbi Deema , Bin Qassim Ahmad , Alkhwaiter Talal , Olayan Lafi , Al Zaid Manal , Alsabani Mohmad
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

The use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) relies on computer science and large datasets, with the technology mimicking human intelligence as it makes logical decisions. This study aims to assess the perceptions and experiences of anesthesiology practitioners toward AI and identify its benefits to healthcare professionals and patients, along with current and future applications of AI.

Methods

This cross‐sectional descriptive online survey study was disseminated to physicians who work in anesthesiology practice in Saudi Arabia. Descriptive statistics were used to report the characteristics of the respondents and summarize the results of the survey.

Results

There were 109 responses, with 85.32% being male, 35.78% being aged 40–49 years, and 69.72% being consultant anesthesiologists. The majority of participants (73.39%) believed that AI could be used in multiple settings related to anesthesiology practice. Participants also believed that AI could facilitate access to data (76.15%), enable precise decision‐making (75.23%), reduce medical errors (55.04%), reduce workload and shortage of healthcare personnel (53.21%), and allow healthcare personnel to focus on more demanding cases (69.72%). In addition, the majority of participants believed that AI can be beneficial to patients, in which 69.72% believed that AI can improve patient access to care, 77.06% believed that AI can facilitate patient education, and 65.14% believed that AI can guide patients during treatment. Lastly, 70.64% believed that AI would be beneficial to anesthesiology practices in the future. However, 61.47% claimed that their workplace has no plan for adopting AI.

Conclusions

The anesthesiologists showed generally positive attitudes towards AI, in spite of its limited utilization and implementation challenges. Strong beliefs exist about AI's future potential in anesthesia care and postgraduate education.
Treatment strategies for erosive genital lichen planus: A systematic review of therapeutic modalities and emerging breakthroughs
Authors: Safari‐Kish Borna , Bidares Matin , Zaresharifi Shirin , Malekzadeh‐Shoushtari Hesam , Aziz Mahsa , Salehi Mahsa , Zahedi Khatere
Published: October 2024

Background and Aims

Erosive genital lichen planus (EGLP) is a severe form of lichen planus characterized by painful erosions in the genital area, leading to significant distress and complications. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of EGLP, focusing on its clinical manifestations, diagnostic challenges, and various treatment strategies, with an emphasis on patient‐centered care.

Methods

Adhering to PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review of 26 studies that explored dermatological treatments for EGLP. Our literature search was comprehensive, covering PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Data were extracted systematically using established tools to ensure a robust analysis of the treatment modalities.

Results

EGLP presents with a range of symptoms, including severe pain, itching, and sexual dysfunction. Treatment options include topical corticosteroids, systemic medications, and surgical interventions. Despite the availability of various therapies, many cases are refractory to treatment, resulting in chronic symptoms and reduced quality of life. Emerging therapies show promise but are not yet established as standard practice.

Conclusion

Management of EGLP requires a tailored, multidimensional approach. While topical corticosteroids remain essential, the development of new therapies offers hope for improved outcomes. A patient‐centered approach is vital to address both the physical and psychosocial impacts of EGLP. Continued research is necessary to refine treatment protocols and enhance patient care.
Enlisting toddler cooperation through structure and autonomy support: The amplifying role of suboptimal relationship mutuality
Authors: Molitor Adriana , Hsu Hui‐Chin , Eulau Katherine , Brewster Robert A.
Published: October 2024

Regular repair of normative mother‐toddler conflict is required for relational health; yet, we still need improved delineation of regulation strategies that can promote child cooperation. Contemporary conceptualizations of positive parenting propose that structure and autonomy support each facilitate children's optimal engagement; however, toddler studies rarely address their joint impact and conditional moderation. This observational study examined both dimensions in predicting cooperation among 106 U.S. 30‐month‐olds and their primarily European–American mothers during a demanding request situation. We also assessed mutuality, an indicator of mother‐child relationship quality, from two situations with minimized power differentials to explore whether it moderated associations. Regression analyses confirmed the unique and additive impact of both maternal behavioral dimensions in predicting toddler cooperation and also an interaction effect such that the positive association between maternal autonomy support and toddlers’ level of cooperation was accentuated depending on the dyads’ mutuality. Results suggest that maternal structure and autonomy support may serve as effective approaches for enlisting or maintaining child cooperation during hierarchical negotiations, and that suboptimal relationship mutuality magnifies toddlers’ responses to maternal levels of autonomy support. Findings are likely relevant to parenting programs that advance mother‐child relational health during the transition from infancy to early childhood.
Submerged and completely open solid–liquid triboelectric nanogenerator for water wave energy harvesting
Authors: Nan Youbo , Wang Xiutong , Xu Hui , Zhou Hui , Sun Yanan , Wang Mingxing , Liu Weilong , Ma Chaoqun , Yu Teng
Published: October 2024

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) is an emerging wave energy harvesting technology with excellent potential. However, due to issues with sealing, anchoring, and difficult deployment over large areas, TENG still cannot achieve large‐scale wave energy capture. Here, a submerged and completely open solid–liquid TENG (SOSL‐TENG) is developed for ocean wave energy harvesting. The SOSL‐TENG is adapted to various water environments. Due to its simple structure, it is easy to deploy into various marine engineering facilities in service. Importantly, this not only solves the problem of difficult construction of TENG networks at present, but also effectively utilizes high‐quality wave energy resources. The working mechanism and output performance of the SOSL‐TENG are systematically investigated. With optimal triggering conditions, the transferred charge (Qtr) and short‐circuit current (Isc) of SOSL‐TENG are 2.58 μC and 85.9 μA, respectively. The wave tank experiment is taken for fully demonstrating the superiority of the SOSL‐TENG network in large‐scale collection and conversion of wave energy. Due to the excellent output performance, TENG can harvest wave energy to provide power for various commercial electronic devices such as LED beads, hygrothermograph, and warning lights. Importantly, the SOSL‐TENG networks realizes self‐powered for electrochemical systems, which provides a direction for energy cleanliness in industrial systems. This work provides a prospective strategy for large‐scale deployment of TENG applications, especially for harvesting wave energy in spray splash zones or at the surface of the water.

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Arsenic and Chromium Induced Toxicity on Zebrafish Kidney: Mixture Effects on Oxidative Stress and Involvement of Nrf2‐Keap1‐ARE, DNA Repair, and Intrinsic Apoptotic Pathways
Authors: Kamila Sreejata , Dey Koushik Kumar , Chattopadhyay Ansuman
Published: October 2024

In polluted water, cooccurrences of two carcinogens, arsenic (As) and chromium (Cr), are extensively reported. Individual effects of these heavy metals have been reported in kidney of fishes, but underlying molecular mechanisms are not well established. There is no report on combined exposure of As and Cr in kidney. Thus, the present study investigated and compared individual and combined effects of As and Cr on zebrafish (Danio rerio) kidney treating at their environmentally relevant concentrations for 15, 30, and 60 days. Increased ROS levels, lipid peroxidation, GSH level, and decreased catalase activity implied oxidative stress in treated zebrafish kidney. Damage in histoarchitecture in treated groups was also noticed. The current study involved gene expression study of Nrf2, an important transcription factor of cellular stress responses along with its negative regulator Keap1 and downstream antioxidant genes nqo1 and ho1. Results indicated activation of Nrf2‐Keap1 pathway after combined exposure. Expression pattern of ogg1, apex1, polb, and creb1 revealed the inhibition of base excision repair pathway in treatments. mRNA expression of tumor suppressor genes p53 and brca2 was also altered. Expressional alteration in bax, bcl2, caspase9, and caspase 3 indicated apoptosis (intrinsic pathway) induction, which was maximum in combined group. Inhibition of DNA repair and induction of apoptosis indicated that the activated antioxidant system was not enough to overcome the damage caused by As and Cr. Overall, this study revealed additive effects of As and Cr in zebrafish kidney after chronic exposure focusing cellular antioxidant and DNA damage responses.
Biocompatibility and Bone Regeneration by Shape Memory Polymer Scaffolds
Authors: Gasson Shelby B. , Dobson Lauren K. , Pfau‐Cloud Michaela R. , Beltran Felipe O. , Pool Roy R. , Gregory Carl A. , Grunlan Melissa A. , Saunders W. Brian
Published: October 2024

Biodegradable, shape memory polymer (SMP) scaffolds based on poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) offer unique advantages as a regenerative treatment strategy for critical‐sized bone defects. In particular, a conformal fit may be achieved following exposure to warm saline, thereby improving osseointegration and regeneration. Advancing the clinical translation of these SMP scaffolds requires establishment of efficacy not only in non‐loading models, but also load‐bearing or load‐sharing models. Thus, the present study evaluated the biocompatibility and bone regeneration potential of SMP scaffolds in a rabbit distal femoral condyle model. Two distinct SMP scaffold compositions were evaluated, a “PCL‐only” scaffold formed from PCL‐diacrylate (PCL‐DA) and a semi‐interpenetrating network (semi‐IPN) formed from PCL‐DA and poly(L‐lactic acid) (PCL:PLLA). Semi‐IPN PCL:PLLA scaffolds possess greater rigidity and faster rates of degradation versus PCL scaffolds. In vivo biocompatibility was assessed with a rat subcutaneous implantation model, whereas osseointegration was assessed with a 4 mm × 8 mm rabbit distal femoral condyle defect model. Both types of SMP scaffolds exhibited excellent biocompatibility marked by infiltration with fibrous tissue and a minimal inflammatory response. When implanted in the rabbit distal femur, both SMP scaffolds supported bone ingrowth. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the SMP scaffolds are biocompatible and integrate with adjacent host osseous tissues when implanted in vivo in a load‐sharing environment. This study provides key proof‐of‐concept data necessary to proceed with large animal translational studies and clinical trials in human subjects.
Population Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic of Atorvastatin in Chinese Lung Transplant Recipients
Authors: Zhang Dan , Du Wenwen , Qin Wei , Chen Wenqian , Li Pengmei , Wang Xiaoxing
Published: October 2024

Atorvastatin is a widely prescribed cholesterol‐lowering drug that inhibits 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase to reduce lipid levels. This study aimed to establish a population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic model for atorvastatin in Chinese lung transplant recipients (LTRs), particularly those using voriconazole (VOR) and with different genotypes. It evaluated precise dosing regimens and analyzed the correlation between atorvastatin exposure and clinical outcomes. A nonlinear mixed‐effects model was used for the population pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. A one‐compartment population PK model was developed, incorporating VOR, SLCO2A1 rs76906503, and SLC22A8 rs2187383 to assess apparent clearance and volume of distribution. LDL‐C was modeled as a biomarker to evaluate atorvastatin efficacy. A Monte Carlo simulation was conducted to assess various dosing schemes and the effects of different covariates on achieving the target LDL concentration. The correlation between atorvastatin exposure and clinical outcomes was also evaluated. Results indicated that the average probability of target attainment for optimal dosing regimens across various covariate results exceeded 45.8%. Dosages of 10, 20, and 40 mg were deemed suitable for LTRs. A lower dose was recommended for LTRs taking VOR or with mutant‐type genotypes to avoid overexposure and adverse reactions. The population PK/PD model offers valuable guidance for evaluating atorvastatin dosing regimens in clinical settings, particularly for LTRs using VOR and those with different genotypes.
Significantly smaller lateral extrusion was observed within 24 weeks after all‐inside suture repairs of radial tear in the middle segment of lateral meniscus compared to inside‐out repairs
Authors: Uchida Ryohei , Horibe Shuji , Tanaka Yoshinari , Tsujii Akira , Tachibana Yuta , Kinugasa Kazutaka , Shiozaki Yoshiki
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To evaluate the postoperative meniscal extrusion between all‐inside suture (AIS) and trans‐capsular suture (TCS) repair techniques.

Methods

Thirteen patients (mean age, 19.4 years) underwent AIS repairs using only sutures (AIS group) for radial tears in the middle segment of the lateral meniscus (RTMLM), and seven patients (mean age, 20.3 years) underwent inside‐out repairs among TCS (TCS group). For all cases, lateral (LE), anterior (AE) and posterior (PE) meniscal extrusions of the lateral meniscus were measured during preoperative and 3‐, 12‐ and 24‐week postoperative MRIs. Then, the change of each extrusion from preoperative to each postoperative period was calculated as ∆LE, ∆AE and ∆PE.

Results

There was no significant difference between the AIS and TCS groups in the preoperative extrusions. As for postoperative extrusions, only ∆LEs in the AIS group was significantly smaller than those in the TCS group at all postoperative periods (−1.5 ± 1.7 vs. 0.9 ± 0.7 mm at 3‐week, −0.9 ± 0.9 vs. 0.4 ± 0.9 mm at 12‐week and −0.3 ± 1.0 vs. 0.6 ± 1.1 mm at 24‐week postoperation). In ∆AEs and ∆PEs, at all three postoperative periods, there were no significant differences.

Conclusion

Postoperative LE, AE and PE on MRIs after AIS and TCS repairs for RTMLM were investigated. Significantly smaller lateral extrusion was observed within 24 weeks after AIS repairs of RTMLM compared to TCS repairs, which could lead to stabilization of the repair site and prevent degenerative changes.

Level of Evidence

Case‐control study, retrospective comparative study, Level Ⅲ.
Biomechanical comparison of ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene sutures of different thicknesses of the tensile strength for pullout repair of medial meniscal posterior root tear
Authors: Kakiage Hibiki , Handa Mikiko , Takahashi Tsuneari , Takeshita Katsushi , Chikuda Hirotaka
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Medial meniscus posterior root tears (MMPRT) are a risk factor for knee osteoarthritis. The predominant treatment for MMPRT is transtibial pullout repair, and loop suture remains the gold standard procedure. This study aimed to investigate the structural properties of the meniscus‐suture‐tibia (MST) complex after loop stitch using ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) suture tape of different thicknesses.

Methods

This study used 20 fresh porcine MMPRT model knees. All specimens were randomised into two treatment groups: (1) pullout repair using 1.3 mm suture tape (thin group, n = 10; 1.3 mm PERMATAPE, Mitek Sports Medicine) fixation and (2) pullout repair using 2.5 mm suture tape (thick group, n = 10; 2.5 mm PERMATAPE, Mitek Sports Medicine) fixation. The single‐loop stitch MS technique was utilised. The MST complex specimens were placed on a tensile tester. The structural properties of the MST complex (yield load, maximum load, liner stiffness, and elongation at failure) were identified.

Results

No significant differences were found between the thin and thick groups in terms of maximum load (108.8 ± 49.6 vs. 90.1 ± 33.6 N; p = 0.34), yield load (43.8 ± 15.2 vs. 39.4 ± 15.5 N; p = 0.53), liner stiffness (12.6 ± 8.4 vs. 11.2 ± 5.5 N/mm; p = 0.45), and elongation at failure (27.1 ± 19.4 vs. 19.9 ± 10.0 mm; p = 0.32).

Conclusion

The structural properties of the thickness of the different UHMWPE were comparable in MMPRT repair. Additionally, 1.3 mm PERMATAPE may demonstrate similar repair potential as 2.5 mm PERMATAPE.

Level of Evidence

Level Ⅳ.
Characteristics of patients with somatoform pain disorder
Authors: Barth Lena , Baumbach Linda , Hajek André , Götzmann Lutz , Feiks Katrin , Rufer Michael , Schwegler Kyrill , Schwennen Bianca , Bernhardt Kirstin , Wutzler Uwe , Kaiser Paul , Wittmann Lutz , Siegel Adrian
Published: October 2024

Background

Patients with somatoform pain experience physical pain that cannot be attributed to any underlying medical or physiological cause, and it is often thought to be related to psychological factors. Health professionals encounter difficulties identifying this specific type of chronic pain, leading to suboptimal treatment strategies. Therefore, we aimed to describe the characteristics of patients with somatoform pain, to support the identification of affected patients.

Methods

We collected and analyzed a cross‐sectional survey data from 200 patients with somatoform pain admitted to one of three psychosomatic centers in Germany between August 2013 and July 2014. The survey contains 10 different categories, all of them referring to pain‐related topics. Within the survey, we analyzed validated as well as non‐validated questionnaires. Here, we present the following five: Personal data, Body: Pain perception, Cognition: Pain processing, Pain behavior, and Physical complaints.

Results

Our results highlight that most patients with somatoform pain experience it in several body parts and as persisting, lasting >12 h/day (50%), and constantly changing (71%). Furthermore, patients indicate feelings of helplessness, by agreeing to the expressions the pain controls me (70%). Finally, we found that pain is predominantly seen as suffering, failing to convey emotional pain, despite cognitively acknowledging the dependency of emotional and physical pain.

Conclusion

The study identified specific and distinctive characteristics in the emotional and behavioral responses of patients with somatoform pain, potentially distinguishing them from other patients with chronic pain.
An observational cohort study evaluating PrEP reach, engagement and persistence through a community‐based mobile clinic in Miami‐Dade County, Florida
Authors: Doblecki‐Lewis Susanne , Johnson Ariana , Klose Katherine , King Katherine , Narcisse Gilianne , Butts Stefani , Whiteside Patrick , Kobetz Erin , Stevenson Mario
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Barriers to pre‐exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) access have limited its reach to priority populations. Community‐based mobile clinics have potential to broaden PrEP engagement. We evaluated reach and persistence for fixed and mobile clinic cohorts in Miami‐Dade County, Florida.

Methods

This observational cohort study analysed data from 1896 clients engaged through our fixed or mobile clinic from August 2018 to March 2023. Services were offered at no cost to clients. The same staff and package of barrier‐lowering strategies was deployed across fixed and mobile clinic sites. Chi‐square and Fisher's exact test or the Kruskal–Wallis test were used to test for differences in characteristics across sites as well as across services sought. Kaplan–Meier curves were generated to evaluate persistence on PrEP and in care, defined as completion of at least one clinic visit (including PrEP prescribing, for PrEP persistence, or for any reason, for persistence in care) within 24 weeks of the prior visit. Cox proportional hazards models were used to evaluate risk factors for discontinuation of PrEP or clinic care by 48 weeks by gender, race, ethnicity, insurance status and site.

Results

The fixed and mobile clinics reached 781 and 1109 clients, respectively, during the study period. The median client age was 35 years; the majority (70.4%) of clients were cisgender men, identified as Hispanic/Latino (62.5%) and were men who have sex with men (54.5%). The mobile clinic extended reach to a higher proportion of cisgender women (32.1% mobile vs. 12.9% for fixed clinic), Black clients (34.5% vs. 13.1%) and older clients (median 37 vs. 33 years) compared with the fixed setting. Uninsured individuals, men and those who initiated services in the mobile clinic were more likely to continue PrEP to 48 weeks (HR: 1.20, p = 0.01; HR: 2.02, p<0.01; HR: 1.68, p<0.01, respectively). Persistence did not differ by race or ethnicity.

Conclusions

A mobile clinic strategy for PrEP engagement can increase reach to key populations underrepresented in HIV prevention care including cisgender women and Black clients. Persistence in PrEP was increased for the mobile clinic cohort, suggesting an additional benefit to this modality beyond other barrier‐lowering strategies employed in our fixed and mobile clinics.
Inclusive Trade Through Online Presence
Authors: Orkoh Emanuel , Teh Robert
Published: October 2024

Advances in information and communication technology (ICT) have reduced trade costs providing enterprises greater opportunity to access international markets. Using the World Bank's enterprise survey data covering more than 180 000 enterprises from 154 countries, we examine whether online presence contributes to inclusiveness by helping firms that traditionally struggle to enter export markets do so. We find that being online is associated with an increase in the probability of exporting by an average of 8 percentage points and with an increase in the level of a firm's exports by about 37%. We also find supporting evidence that online presence is linked with an increase in the likelihood of foreign market entry for enterprises owned and managed by women, firms with a majority female workforce, small and medium‐sized enterprises, firms from lower income countries and developing regions of the world and firms in the services sector. These results have accounted for possible endogeneity of online presence, self‐selection into exporting and industry and country‐year heterogeneity. They suggest that measures to promote digitalization and improve the business environment can offer effective ways of fostering more inclusive trade.
Development and validation of a geographic search filter for MEDLINE (PubMed) to identify studies about Germany
Authors: Pachanov Alexander , Münte Catharina , Hirt Julian , Pieper Dawid
Published: October 2024

While geographic search filters exist, few of them are validated and there are currently none that focus on Germany. We aimed to develop and validate a highly sensitive geographic search filter for MEDLINE (PubMed) that identifies studies about Germany. First, using the relative recall method, we created a gold standard set of studies about Germany, dividing it into ‘development’ and ‘testing’ sets. Next, candidate search terms were identified using (i) term frequency analyses in the ‘development set’ and a random set of MEDLINE records; and (ii) a list of German geographic locations, compiled by our team. Then, we iteratively created the filter, evaluating it against the ‘development’ and ‘testing’ sets. To validate the filter, we conducted a number of case studies (CSs) and a simulation study. For this validation we used systematic reviews (SRs) that had included studies about Germany but did not restrict their search strategy geographically. When applying the filter to the original search strategies of the 17 SRs eligible for CSs, the median precision was 2.64% (interquartile range [IQR]: 1.34%–6.88%) versus 0.16% (IQR: 0.10%–0.49%) without the filter. The median number‐needed‐to‐read (NNR) decreased from 625 (IQR: 211–1042) to 38 (IQR: 15–76). The filter achieved 100% sensitivity in 13 CSs, 85.71% in 2 CSs and 87.50% and 80% in the remaining 2 CSs. In a simulation study, the filter demonstrated an overall sensitivity of 97.19% and NNR of 42. The filter reliably identifies studies about Germany, enhancing screening efficiency and can be applied in evidence syntheses focusing on Germany.
Effect of β‐sitosterol+γ‐oryzanol‐based oleogels on protein conformation and gel properties of Nemiperus virgatus surimi
Authors: Mi Hongbo , Yang Yingci , Tan Miaomiao , Li Jianrong , Li Xuepeng , Chen Jingxin
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

The impact of β‐sitosterol+γ‐oryzanol‐based oleogels or peanut oil on the protein conformation and gel quality of Nemiperus virgatus surimi was evaluated.

RESULTS

A significant reduction in gel strength, texture parameters and water holding capacity (WHC) of surimi was found as oil concentration increased (P < 0.05). However, compared with peanut oil, the gel strength, hydrophobic interaction and disulfide bond content of surimi gel containing oleogels increased by 6.919%, 32.635% and 12.409%, respectively, when the oil concentration was 10 g kg−1. Both oleogels and peanut oil could enhance the whiteness of surimi gel. Oleogels induced the unfolding of surimi proteins, and promoted the conformational shift from α‐helix to β‐sheet structure. Furthermore, oleogels filled the gaps of protein networks to make the microstructure of surimi gel more compact and uniform, improving the WHC and reducing the cooking loss.

CONCLUSION

γ‐Oryzanol+β‐sitosterol‐based oleogel alleviated the adverse influences of direct addition of peanut oil on the gel and textural properties of surimi products. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Patient‐specific instrumentation improved clinical outcome and implant survival but is not superior compared to conventional total knee arthroplasty: Ten years follow‐up of a multicenter double‐blind randomized controlled trial
Authors: Theeuwen Dieuwertje M. J. , Dorling Isobel M. , Most Jasper , van Drumpt Rogier A. M. , van der Weegen Walter , Welting Tim J. M. , Schotanus Martijn G. M. , Boonen Bert
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Patient‐specific instrumentation (PSI) is a commonly used technique designed to improve mechanical alignment in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and was therefore believed to lead to better clinical outcome and implant survival rates compared with conventional instruments (CIs). To date, long‐term results comparing these two techniques are not available.

Methods

This study is a 10‐year follow‐up of a previous double‐blind multicenter randomized controlled trial where PSI was compared with CI. Patients with osteoarthritis of the knee who were candidates for TKA were included. Exclusion criteria were metal near the knee‐, ankle‐ or hip joint, patients with contra‐indications for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan and patients who had previous knee surgery (except arthroscopic meniscectomy). Clinical outcomes were assessed using patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs), and the analysis was performed with a general linear mixed model for repeated measurements. Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare revision rates. X‐rays were obtained and examined by two individual reviewers for any signs of loosening of the components.

Results

At a mean follow‐up of 10.1 (SD 0.1) years, 129 patients (loss to follow‐up 23%) were analysed in this trial. No statistically significant difference between the two groups were found for any of the PROMs and revision rates were comparable, six in the PSI group and three in the CI group (p = 0.29). Two X‐rays in the PSI group showed a radiolucent line of the femoral component.

Conclusion

At 10‐year follow‐up, PSI does not lead to better clinical outcome or survival of the prosthesis compared with CI.

Level of Evidence

1.
Excellent clinical and radiological outcomes after arthroscopic reduction and double row‐suture bridge for large‐sized greater tuberosity fractures of the humerus
Authors: Ko Sang‐Hun , Oh Jaemin , Park Ki‐Bong , Oh Sangheon , Jeon Young Dae
Published: October 2024

Purpose

Currently, there is limited information on the clinical outcomes of arthroscopic reduction and double‐row suture bridge fixation for large greater tuberosity fractures of the proximal humerus. This study aimed to evaluate the radiological and clinical outcomes of arthroscopic reduction and double‐row suture bridge fixation for these fractures, hypothesizing that arthroscopic reduction and double‐row suture bridge fixation is a safe, effective and minimally invasive treatment for large greater tuberosity fractures.

Methods

This retrospective study analysed patients with large greater tuberosity fractures (fracture fragment ≥30 mm in diameter) who underwent arthroscopic reduction and double‐row suture bridge fixation and had a follow‐up period exceeding 2 years. The anatomic reduction was confirmed by assessing the step‐off on radiographs immediately after surgery, and the radiologic union time was recorded. At the final follow‐up, range of motion and functional outcome scores were evaluated. Additionally, any surgery‐related complications were evaluated.

Results

Fifteen patients with a mean follow‐up of 57.7 ± 23.1 months were included in the study. The mean fracture fragment size was 32.5 ± 2.4 mm, with a mean displacement of 5.1 ± 1.6 mm. Immediately postsurgery, 13 of 15 patients (86.7%) had a fracture step‐off of <3 mm, with an average union time of 3 months. At the final follow‐up, patients demonstrated excellent outcomes, with an average forward flexion of 167 ± 9.7° and external rotation of 70 ± 16.3. Functional outcome scores showed significant improvement compared with preoperative scores (p < 0.001). No major surgery‐related complications were reported.

Conclusions

Arthroscopic reduction and double‐row suture bridge fixation for large‐sized greater tuberosity fractures is safe and shows good fracture reduction and excellent clinical outcomes. Therefore, this surgical method can be considered an alternative to open reduction for large greater tuberosity fractures.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.