bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Promoting Communication for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Family-centered Music Therapy Intervention

Authors: Vaiouli Potheini , Andreu Georgia
Published: January 2023

Introduction.  Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a continuum of traits that may negatively affect social and emotional competencies of individuals, including challenges in their engagement abilities, possible limitations in reciprocal interactions, and inflexibility in initiating and sustaining communication. Such challenges may affect language development and speech acquisition. Considering their importance, this study explored the impact of a family-centered, music therapy intervention to promote preverbal and verbal communication skills of young children with ASD during parent–child, music engagement episodes.
Method.  A mixed-methods design was implemented to gather data on the children’s preverbal and verbal communication abilities (pre-and-post intervention data collection) and on each dyad’s musical interactions during a 16-week music therapy intervention. Quantitative outcome measures included children’s scores on the Pragmatics Profile of Everyday Communication Skills (PPECS) and the Communication and Symbolic Behavior Scales Developmental Profile (CSBSDP), to assess children’s communication, expressive speech, and symbolic behavior over time. Qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, logs, and journaling.
Results.  Reports from the families corroborate with quantitative results regarding changes on the children’s communication abilities after the intervention.
Discussion and Conclusion.  Collectively, the current study provides evidence on the potential of using music therapy interventions within a family-centered approach to enhance young children’s preverbal and verbal communication skills.
La creatividad en Educación: diferencias por rendimiento, edad y sexo

Authors: Cuetos Revuelta María José , Serrano Amarilla Natalia , Marcos Sala Beatriz
Published: January 2023

Introducción. La creatividad es una capacidad relacionada con el pensamiento divergente, fundamental en la cambiante sociedad del siglo XXI, para formar alumnos competentes que se desenvuelvan en la sociedad. Existen diversos test psicométricos para la medición de la creatividad, entre los que destaca el Test de Inteligencia Creativa (CREA), ampliamente utilizado en diversos grupos de edad.
Método. Se ha realizado así una revisión sistemática del uso del Test CREA en el ámbito educativo, examinando exhaustivamente 37 artículos, centrados particularmente en el análisis de la relación entre la creatividad y tres variables como son el rendimiento académico, la edad y el sexo. Por otro lado, se ha analizado también cómo potenciar la creatividad en los alumnos.
Resultados. Se han encontrado múltiples discrepancias entre la creatividad y el rendimiento. Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de la interrelación entre la edad y la creatividad, no pudiendo extraer un resultado determinante de los trabajos aportados. Por otro lado, los análisis por sexo mostraron que en la mayoría de los estudios no había diferencias significativas entre mujeres y hombres respecto a sus capacidades creativas.
Discusión y conclusiones. Los entornos positivos de enseñanza influyen en el desarrollo de la creatividad, como ocurre con el aumento de la creatividad medida tras las diversas intervenciones aplicadas en los distintos entornos y grupos de edad. Se concluye que la creatividad se ve potenciada en entornos educativos donde se apliquen metodologías activas centradas en el estudiante, en las que se promueven tanto la flexibilidad y la fluidez como la originalidad.
معالجات قرآنية للحد من العنف الأسري
Authors: Saleh Al-Benjwini Sardar Rachid Hama,
Published: January 2023

الحمد لله رب العالمين, والصلاة والسلام على سيدنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه أجمعين.. أما بعد:
فإن الله تعالى أرسل رسوله محمدا صلى الله عليه وسلم رحمة للعالمين بشيرا ونذيرا, وأنزل عليه كتابه المبين, الذي يحمل النور والهداية لكل من اتبعه وجعله إماما له.
وإذا كان القرآن الكريم كتاب هداية للبشرية وإصلاح شؤونهم, من ذلك إصلاح الأسرة التي هي نواة المجتمع. كان لابد من الرجوع إليه لحل المشكلات وحل المعضلات والنزاعات فيها. وبما أن العنف الأسري من المشكلات التي تواجهها بعض الأسر, ولابد من إيجاد الحلول لها, كان الأجدر بنا البحث عن العلاج لها في القرآن الكريم.
ومن خلال هذا البحث المتواضع المعنون (معالجات قرآنية للحد من العنف الأسري) تطرقت إلى العلاج القرآني للحد من العنف بين أفراد الأسرة, حيث أن في القرآن الكريم أحكاما وتوجيهات وإشارات لحل المشكلات والنزاعات الأسرية.  ويشتمل البحث على مقدمة وأربعة مباحث وخاتمة:
المبحث الأول: مفهوم العنف الأسري وأنواعه, والمبحث الثاني: أسباب العنف الأسري, والمبحث الثالث: آثار العنف الأسري, والمبحث الرابع: العلاج القرآني للعنف الأسري.
وصلى الله على حبيبنا محمد وعلى آله وصحبه وسلم.
ادمان الانترنت وعلاقته بالتسرب الدراسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية
Authors: Rasheed Omar Khalaf , Malik Salam Sabbar , Teli Amer Kafei
Published: January 2023

يهدف البحث الحالي الى التعرف على : 1- مستوى ادمان الانترنت لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية  . 2- مستوى التسرب الدراسي لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية  . 3- العلاقة بين ادمان الانترنت  و التسرب الدراسي  لدى طلبة المرحلة الثانوية  .       اعتمد الباحثون في اختيار عينة بحثهم على الطريقة الطبقية العشوائية ولتحقيق اهداف البحث قام الباحثون باختيار (450) طالبا وطالبة من طلبة المرحلة الثانوية في قضاء البغدادي التابعة لمحافظة الانبار , وقد تبنى الباحثون مقياس ادمان الانترنت الذي اعدته (بشرى اسماعيل ارنؤط , 2007 ) ويحتوي على (60) فقرة, ومقياس التسرب الدراسي  الذي أعده " (الغانمي، 2017 ) المكون من (30) فقرة , وبعد استخراج الخصائص القياسية للمقياسين (الصدق والثبات) قام الباحثون بتطبيق المقياسين على عينة البحث الاساسية , ثم حللت البيانات الاحصائية بالاستعانة ببرنامج الحقيبة الاحصائية للعلوم الاجتماعية في معالجة البيانات (SPSS). وتوصل البحث الى النتائج الاتية : 1-ان عينة البحث من طلبة الثانوية لديهم مستوى متوسط من ادمان الانترنت  . 2-ان عينة البحث من طلبة الثانوية  لديهم مستوى متوسط من  التسرب دراسي  . 3-توجد علاقة ارتباطية طردية موجبة دالة احصائياً بين ادمان الانترنت  والتسرب الدراسي اي كلما زاد ادمان الانترنت زاد التسرب الدراسي وبالعكس  للعينة ككل . وفي ضوء نتائج البحث أوصى الباحثون بعدد من التوصيات والمقترحات .
Outer Space Law: Legal Policy and Practice by Yanal Abul Failat and Anél Ferreira-Snyman (Consulting Editors)
Authors: Kotzé Theunis
Published: January 2023

Second Edition, Globe Law and Business Ltd, 2022
ISBN-10: 9781911078197
Avaliação da incidência das infecções hospitalares bacterianas em hospital do sudoeste Baiano no período de fevereiro a dezembro de 2018
Authors: Martins Juan Silva , Cordeiro Natália Beatriz de Oliveira , Pereira Ellisa Amorim , Correia Jennifer Rodrigues , Barbosa Julio Cesar dos Santos , Souza Joana Trengrouse Laignier de
Published: January 2023

Objetivo: Realizar o levantamento das infecções hospitalares, associação com tempo médio de permanência dos pacientes e a incidência de infecções por bactérias multidroga resistentes em um hospital no sudoeste baiano. Métodos: Estudo documental transversal em que se analisaram fichas de notificação obtidas no Serviço de Controle de Infecção Hospitalar correspondente ao período de fevereiro de 2018 a dezembro de 2018. Os materiais biológicos dos pacientes acometidos pelas infecções hospitalares foram analisados no Laboratório de Microbiologia da instituição, sendo que a determinação da resistência bacteriana foi feita com base no Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Resultados: Foram identificados 40 casos de infecção hospitalar, com maior incidência nos meses de fevereiro, dezembro e abril. Foram 22 casos de infecções de pele e partes moles, 6 em trato urinário, 4 em trato respiratório, 3 inespecíficos, 2 em sítio cirúrgico, 1 de trato gastrointestinal, 1 ocular e 1 osteomuscular. Infecções hospitalares aumentam o tempo médio de internação em até três vezes Conclusão: Há um grande impacto das infecções hospitalares, sobretudo aquelas por bactérias multidroga resistentes. A diminuição das infecções hospitalares diminui o tempo médio de permanência e a diminuição do tempo de médio de permanência diminui a incidência de infecção hospitalar.
Incidence and risk factors of venous thromboembolism in the perioperative period of spine surgery at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Konbaz Faisal M. , Al Tahan Husam A. , Al Farraj Abdulrahman H. , Al Jafari Salman A. , Al Dusari Rakan S. , Aleissa Rund S.
Published: January 2023

Objectives:

Spine surgery is considered a moderate risk for developing venous thromboembolism (VTE). To the best of our knowledge, no study has been done to determine the incidence of VTE in our local population. We aimed to study the incidence of VTE and determine the factors associated with developing VTE post-spine surgery.

Methods:

A retrospective study analyzed 800 adult patients who had undergone elective or emergency spine surgery. The variables included were demographic data, diagnosis, “or trauma if applicable,” type and duration of surgical intervention, and length of hospital stay. In addition, two procedures were used to diagnose VTE, whether it was a pulmonary embolism (PE) or deep vein thrombosis (DVT) pre- and postoperatively. Spiral computed tomography was used to detect PE, whereas duplex ultrasonography was used to confirm DVT. Finally, all patients received post-operative DVT prophylaxis except for cervical spine patients.

Results:

Eight hundred patients were included in the study. The overall incidence of VTE was 4.1%. The lumbar spine was the most common location operated on. Increasing age and length of hospital stay were both significantly associated with the development of VTE. Furthermore, cervical spine surgery had a lower incidence of VTE than other locations, with a statistically significant difference. Finally, non-ambulatory patients had a higher risk of VTE than patients who could ambulate postoperatively, with a statistically significant difference.

Conclusion:

The incidence of VTE after spine surgery is considered low but carries high morbidity and mortality rates. Increased age and prolonged hospital stay increase its risk, while early ambulation lowers it. Prophylactic measures against VTE are highly recommended, especially amongst high-risk patients.
The Effect of a Biofilm-disrupting Wound Gel vs. a Broad-spectrum Antimicrobial Ointment on a Chronic Wound Microbiome: A Secondary Analysis Associating Clinical and Laboratory Findings
Authors: Myntti Matthew , Stevenson Patricia , Porral Dianne , Hayes Valerie
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Advancement in wound bioburden diagnostics continues to evolve highlighting the need to link laboratory findings to clinical practice. Objective. This study aims to determine if laboratory data from a previously published study supports a correlation between use of a novel biofilm-disrupting wound gel and lower bacterial bioburden, wound size reduction, and improved healing. Materials and Methods. This is a secondary data analysis of a multicenter, prospective, randomized, open-label clinical trial performed from September 2014 through March 2016. The trial compares treatment outcomes of standard of care either with a wound gel (experimental) or triple-antibiotic maximum-strength ointment (control) looking at differences in bioburden measured at time zero (baseline) and after 4 weeks of treatment. Quantitative real-time PCR testing for bacteria and fungi, including testing for resistance factors to vancomycin and methicillin or using proprietary genetic sequencing, was used for analysis. Results. Low or medium bacterial load at baseline correlated to an average reduction in wound size of 40% and 24%, respectively, whereas there was a 19% increase in size among wounds with a high bioburden. Conclusion. Reducing wound bioburden could result in a clinically relevant change in the healing trajectory. In this study, wound size reduction and increased healing percentages were superior in the experimental group.
Hybrid Catalysts for Enantioselective Photo-Phosphoric Acid Catalysis
Authors: Rolka Alessa , Koenig Burkhard , Toste Dean
Published: January 2023

The syntheses of two novel, organic and chiral photocatalysts are presented. By combining donoracceptor cyanoarene-based photocatalysts with a chiral phosphoric acid, bifunctional catalysts have been designed. In preliminary proof of concept reactions, their use in both enantioselective energytransfer and photoredox catalysis was demonstrated.
A Quantum Chemical Study on the Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity of TMPRSS2 Inhibitors
Authors: Kondo Akihiro , Fujimoto Kazuhiro J. , Yanai Takeshi
Published: January 2023

Nafamostat and camostat are known to inhibit the spike protein-mediated fusion of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) by forming a covalent bond with the human transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2) enzyme. Previous experiments revealed that the TMPRSS2 inhibitory activity of nafamostat surpasses that of camostat, despite their structural similarities; however, the molecular mechanism of TMPRSS2 inhibition remains elusive. Herein, we report the energy profiles of the acylation reactions of nafamostat, camostat, and a nafamostat derivative by quantum chemical calculations using a combined molecular cluster and polarizable continuum model (PCM) approach. We further discuss the physicochemical relevance of their inhibitory activity in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics. Our analysis attributes the strong inhibitory activity of nafamostat to the formation of a stable acyl intermediate and its low activation energy during acylation with TMPRSS2. The proposed approach is also promising for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of other covalent drugs.
Identification of the Veterinary Sedative Medetomidine in Combination with Opioids and Xylazine in Maryland
Authors: Sisco Edward , Appley Meghan
Published: January 2023

Public health, public safety, and forensic science personnel continue to face the emergence of new compounds into the drug market. While focus is often put on the detection of new analogs of known illicit drugs, monitoring the changes in cutting agents and other compounds can be equally as important. Over the last year, near real-time monitoring of the drug supply in Maryland has been completed through a public health – public safety partnership whereby residue from suspected drug packaging or used paraphernalia is collected and analyzed. Through this project, we have recently detected the presence of the veterinary sedative medetomidine in a small number of samples. The presence of medetomidine has been identified in both public health and law enforcement samples and in the presence of fentanyl and xylazine – another veterinary sedative that has been widely observed over the last year. While the rate at which medetomidine has been detected remains low, it is concerning and worthy of continued monitoring.
Ab initio chemical kinetics of Isopropyl acetate oxidation with OH radicals
Authors: Abdel-Rahman Mohamed , Mahmoud Mohamed , Shiroudi Abolfazl , Shibl Mohamed
Published: January 2023

Global reactivity descriptors of Isopropyl acetate (IPA) and thermo-kinetics aspects of its oxidation via the ground state (X2Π) and the first excited state (A2Σ+) •OH radicals have been studied computationally using the moderate ab initio composite method, restricted open-shell complete basis setquadratic Becke3 (ROCBSQB3), the accurate thermo-kinetic density functional method (DFT) M06-2X/cc-pVTZ and the time-dependent density functional TDDFT-M06-2X/cc-pVTZ//M06-2X/cc-pVTZ levels. Ten oxidation pathways have been investigated all of them are exothermic. The potential energy diagram has been sketched using different pre- and post-reactive complexes for all reactions. Rate constants calculations were obtained directly by connecting the separated reactants with different transition states and via an effective approach using the unimolecular Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) and the transition state (TST) theories. The results indicate that the reaction of IPA with •OH radicals occurs in the ground state rather than the excited state and the rate constants obtained directly and from the effective approach are the same which confirmed the accuracy of the estimated pre-reactive complexes and the reaction mechanism. Rate constants and branching ratios show that H- atom abstraction from iso C-H (C2 atom) bond is the most kinetically preferable route up to 1000 K, while at higher temperature H-atom abstraction from the out-plane CH3 group (C3 atom) became the most dominant route with the high competition with that of in-plane CH3 group (C4 atom).
Diseño y prototipo de un adoquín producto derivado de materiales físicos contaminantes del lecho del Río Magdalena, vereda El Paso Ricaurte - Cundinamarca 2022
Authors: Ávila Ortiz Ángela Rocío , Montaña Muñoz Angie Brigithe , Hinestroza Guzmán Natalia Sofía , Barragán Alturo Ancízar , Cardozo Cruz Daniel Andrés , Rey Gaona Diego Alejandro
Published: January 2023

Este proyecto propende por cumplir la tarea del ODS-2030 número 11 de ciudades y comunidades sostenibles, donde se plantea el desarrollo de reducir el impacto ambiental de desechos y contaminación en ciudades, específicamente aquellas que se encuentran ubicadas sobre las riberas de los ríos que bañan sus territorios, recibiendo de estas grandes descargas de desechos sólidos que atentan la resiliencia del principal afluente de la república de Colombia: El río de la Magdalena. En la actualidad esta problemática no sólo afecta a las comunidades ribereñas del sitio de estudio, sino al territorio en general, por esta razón el objetivo de este proyecto, es ayudar a resolver la problemática de contaminación de materiales físicos no degradables presentada en el río de la Magdalena, de modo que, extrayendo de la zona diversos plásticos contaminantes para luego hacer caracterización de los tipos que existen, identificando cuáles de ellos se pueden usar como aditivo para la elaboración de un bloque de adoquín económico, accesible y bio-amigable, que pueda emplearse en obras de urbanismo, tales como; senderos ecológicos, andenes y vías tanto peatonales como de tráfico liviano. El propósito de esta investigación de desarrollo sostenible, es utilizar el material recuperado del río Magdalena, como componente primario para la creación de un nuevo material de construcción, posibilitando el hecho de prolongar el tiempo de uso del adoquín con estos residuos sólidos, un nuevo ciclo de vida útil, buscando retirarlos de las fuentes hídricas de agua dulce, para mejorar en ellas las condiciones de futura potabilización para el consumo humano y contribuir con la solución de las problemáticas ambientales que los residuos sólidos representan en el territorio. De todas maneras, es un desafío que se debe afrontar por el bienestar de los recursos abióticos no renovables y que los seres humanos deben estar dispuestos a proteger, en aras de heredar a las futuras generaciones un ecosistema saludable y creando consigo un hábito de consumo responsable.
Implementación de un prototipo para la producción de agua potable usando un sistema de refrigeración por compresión de vapor alimentado de energía solar fotovoltaica
Authors: Urán Úsuga Elena
Published: January 2023

El agua es un recurso indispensable para la vida de todos los ecosistemas que se encuentran en la tierra, la falta de este recurso hídrico representa diferentes problemáticas como: La escasez de agua, falta de sistemas de distribución y saneamiento. Es sabido que, la falta del recurso hídrico en cantidad y calidad provoca efectos negativos en la biodiversidad, deteriorando las fuentes naturales de agua. En consecuencia, se muestran repercusiones importantes en la salud, alimentación, higiene, educación, equidad y estilo de vida de las personas. Las zonas más afectadas son la población de bajos recursos, ya que viven en lugares de difícil acceso, fuentes contaminadas y con escaso suministro de agua. Ahora bien, el crecimiento demográfico y el desarrollo tecnológico plantean retos significativos respecto a la falta de recurso hídrico e incremento en la contaminación. Por otra parte, actualmente 1.100 millones de personas carecen de instalaciones necesarias para abastecerse de agua y 2.400 millones no tienen acceso a sistemas de saneamiento. Con el fin de mitigar esta problemática, se investiga sobre la cantidad de agua que necesita una persona para vivir. Por ejemplo, en niños de ambos sexos, de 1-3 años, se recomienda tomar 1 L/día de agua; y de 4-8 años, 1.2 L/día de agua; en hombres, 1.9 L/día de agua y para mujeres1.6 L/día de agua. Basado en lo anteriormente mencionado, se encuentran alternativas baratas y sencillas para la obtención del agua en lugares remotos, donde no es posible garantizar el acceso a las comunidades. La solución que se proyecta para estas zonas es capturar la humedad en el aire para la obtención de agua apta para el consumo. Como se sabe, el agua dulce de la tierra contiene vapor de agua en el aire, con una cantidad total de 15 billones de litros. Incluso en áreas remotas y desiertos áridos, hay mucho vapor de agua. Además, el vapor de agua en el aire contiene menos impurezas y bacterias, por lo que, el agua recolectada de este espacio puede alcanzar el estándar de agua potable sin un complicado proceso de purificación. Por medio de esta investigación, se desea implementar un sistema de refrigeración por compresión de vapor para obtención del agua potable en comunidades con intermitencias y deficiencias en el acceso al recurso vital en la ciudad de Medellín. Para el cumplimiento del objetivo, inicialmente se diseñará un modelo CAD del prototipo. Posteriormente se ensamblará el prototipo con base en el diseño CAD realizado. Luego se validará el prototipo construido, a través de pruebas de campo en condiciones reales. Con la información anterior, se realizará un análisis comparativo del diseño CAD y el prototipo real. Se espera que el prototipo sea funcional de tal forma que se puede generar la cantidad de agua condensada sea suficiente para satisfacer una persona.
Inyección de compuesto polimérico para el reforzamiento en las uniones de guadua como sustitución del mortero evaluando su resistencia a la tracción
Authors: Jaramillo Haidee , Rincón Delgado Andrea Juliana , Navarro Ortiz Diego Fernando
Published: January 2023

Este proyecto consiste en la realización de conexiones en T a partir de canutos de guadua angustifolia Kunth, enfocando la investigación en determinar el comportamiento de las mismas sometidas a esfuerzos de tensión, cambiando la inyección con mortero tal como lo propone la NSR-10 capitulo G-12, por una mezcla de material plástico RPET (polietileno tereftalato reciclado) y PS (poliestireno). Se propone este estudio en la medida que, la guadua como material de ingeniería, es empleada en diferentes tipos de construcción destinadas a viviendas, puentes, estructuras de soporte, entre otros. No obstante, en Colombia la investigación e información disponible que se tiene acerca de la resistencia admisible a tracción que ofrece este elemento con fines estructurales, puede considerarse deficiente comparadas con los beneficios que ofrece dicho material. Por lo tanto, se desarrolla una investigación con un enfoque cuantitativo de tipo experimental, en la cual se realizó una dosificación de mezclas modelo para la matriz polimérica de inyección; se tomaron especímenes propios del departamento Norte de Santander; y se realizaron los ensayos de esfuerzo a tracción a las muestras, para lo cual se alcanzaron resistencias de tensión actuante (ft) entre 1.74 MPa y 3.20 MPa, que comparado con el esfuerzo admisible a tensión modificado (F’t) que bajo coeficientes de modificación de duración de carga y de temperatura arrojo un valor de 16,20 MPa; lo que indica un resultado positivo dado que se cumple con el criterio que ft ≤ F’t expuesto en el Reglamento NSR-10, capítulo G-12 Estructuras en Guadua.
Percepción docente sobre el impacto de la pandemia de COVID 19 en las modalidades de gestión y evaluación en el aula y en el desempeño de los estudiantes
Authors: Gallego Luis , Monroy Sonia , Díaz Hernando , Amórtegui Francisco , Vega Jenny
Published: January 2023

Este artículo analiza el impacto de la pandemia de COVID 19 sobre (i) la gestión en el aula y (ii) las estrategias de evaluación de los cursos, desde la percepción de los profesores de la Facultad de Ingeniería de la Sede Bogotá en la Universidad Nacional de Colombia. Se realizó una encuesta a 153 docentes para indagar los cambios académicos más relevantes durante la pandemia, los cuales fueron analizados en las distintas dimensiones de Edad, Género, Tipo de vinculación del docente y Área (Departamento) de la Facultad de Ingeniería al que pertenecen. En general, los resultados muestran que las nuevas estrategias están enfocadas en el trabajo colectivo antes que en el trabajo individual tanto en la presentación de proyectos como en pruebas escritas. Por su parte, respecto a las evaluaciones durante la pandemia, los resultados muestran que la rigurosidad en las mismas se mantuvo al igual que la calidad de los trabajos de los estudiantes. Sin embargo, se evidencia una percepción negativa respecto a la calidad académica alcanzada dado que la mayor parte de los docentes considera que esta se deterioró, incluso cuando las calificaciones fueron más altas y cuando las experiencias alcanzadas por los estudiantes en su trabajo colectivo fueron más cercanas al quehacer futuro de su desempeño profesional.
Membrane cholesterol regulates inhibition and substrate transport by the glycine transporter, GlyT2
Authors: Frangos Zachary J , Wilson Katie A , Aitken Heather M , Cantwell Chater Ryan , Vandenberg Robert J , O’Mara Megan L
Published: January 2023

Membrane cholesterol binds to and modulates the function of various SLC6 neurotransmitter transporters, including stabilizing the outward-facing conformation of the dopamine and serotonin transporters. Here, we investigate how cholesterol binds to GlyT2 (SLC6A5), modulates glycine transport rate, and influences bioactive lipid inhibition of GlyT2. Bioactive lipid inhibitors are analgesics that bind to an allosteric site accessible from the extracellular solution when GlyT2 adopts an outward-facing conformation. Using molecular dynamics simulations, mutagenesis, and cholesterol depletion experiments, we show that bioactive lipid inhibition of glycine transport is modulated by the recruitment of membrane cholesterol to a binding site formed by transmembrane helices 1, 5, and 7. Recruitment involves cholesterol flipping from its membrane orientation, and insertion of the 3′ hydroxyl group into the cholesterol binding cavity, close to the allosteric site. The synergy between cholesterol and allosteric inhibitors provides a novel mechanism of inhibition and a potential avenue for the development of potent GlyT2 inhibitors as alternative therapeutics for the treatment of neuropathic pain and therapeutics that target other SLC6 transporters.
Consumer awareness of digital media marketing in india
Authors: R Yashoda , R Dr Sunitha
Published: January 2023

The Industrial Revolution and the development in the International Trade and Commerce, Communication and Information Technology have led to the vast expansion of business and trade. As a result, variety of consumer goods have appeared in the market to cater to the needs of the consumers and a host of services have been made available to the consumers like Insurance, Transport, Electricity, Housing, Entertainment, Finance, Banking and the like.  The market is becoming more and more complicated today.  Technological Development, intensive marketing strategies, entry of multinational corporations, globalization, quality of governance, scarce natural resources have all compounded to make the position of today’s market is so complicate and the position of today’s consumer vulnerable and many a times weak..Promotion of products has become an increasingly important component in the new digital age, mostly  thanks to digital marketing. The traditional form of marketing is lagging behind digital marketing, which offers users new opportunities like personalized messages or answers to a search query. There are several ways to advertise on the internet, and in this paper, ways and tools will be presented that allow digital advertising as well as their   advantages and disadvantages. Specifically, search engine optimization, search engine marketing, display advertising, social networking marketing and e-mail marketing will be discussed. Also, the goal of the paper is to enable more efficient creation and implementation of similar contents in new business environmentsthrough an insight into internet advertising, social and business networks.
Solution for a System of First-Order Linear Fuzzy Boundary Value Problems
Authors: Nagalakshmi S. , Suresh Kumar G. , Madhavi B.
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we consider homogeneous and non-homogeneous system of first order linear fuzzy boundary value problems (SFOLBVPs) under granular differentiability. Using the concept of horizontal membership function, we introduced the notion of first order granular differentiability for n-dimensional fuzzy functions. We present granular integral and its properties. Theorems on the existence and uniqueness of solutions for homogeneous and non-homogeneous SFOLFBVPs are proved. We develop an algorithm for solution of non-homogeneous SFOLBVPs under granular differentiability. We provide some examples to illustrate the validity of the proposed algorithm.
Automated analysis of lung lesions in COVID-19: comparison of standard and low-dose CT
Authors: Blokhin I. A. , Solovev A. V. , Vladzymyrskyy A. V. , Kodenko M. R. , Shumskaya Yu. F. , Gonchar A. P. , Gombolevskiy V. A.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. Chest computed tomography (CT) plays a prominent role in determining the extent of pulmonary parenchymal lesions in COVID-19. At the same time, subjectivity of lung lesion volume assessment using 0-4 CT scale in COVID-19 and gradual introduction of low-dose CT (LDCT) requires an investigation of semi-automated lung segmentation accuracy in LDCT compared to CT.

Study Objective. To compare the accuracy of affected lung tissue volume calculation between CT and LDCT in COVID-19 using a semi-automatic segmentation program.

Material and Methods. The retrospective study was performed on data from the earlier prospective multicenter study registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04379531. CT and LDCT data were processed in 3D Slicer software with Lung CT Segmenter and Lung CT Analyzer extensions, and the volume of affected lung tissue and lung volume were determined by thresholding.

Results. The sample size was 84 patients with signs of COVID-19-associated pneumonia. Mean age was 50.6 ± 13.3 years, and the median body mass index (BMI) was 28.15 [24.85; 31.31] kg/m2. The effective doses were 10.1 ± 3.26 mSv for the standard CT protocol and 2.64 mSv [1.99; 3.67] for the developed LDCT protocol. The analysis of absolute lung lesion volume in cubic centimeters with Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test revealed a statistically significant difference between CT and LDCT (p-value < 0.001). No statistically significant differences were found in the relative values of lung tissue lesion volume (lesion volume/lung volume) between CT and LDCT using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test (p-value = 0.95).

Conclusion. The reliability of developed LDCT protocol in COVID-19 for the semi-automated calculation of affected tissue percentage was comparable to the standard chest CT protocol when using 3D Slicer with Lung CT Segmenter and Lung CT Analyzer extensions.
Traditional Criteria of Mechanical and Electrical Dyssynchrony as a Predictor of Super-Response in Patients with Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy
Authors: Shirokov N. E. , Soldatova A. M. , Krinochkin D. V. , Kuznetsov V. A.
Published: January 2023

Aim: To evaluate clinical and morpho-functional predictors of super-response to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in the short-term period after implantation.

Material and Methods. The study enrolled 86 patients (88.4% men, 54.0 ± 8.9 years mean age, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II–IV). Patients were examined at baseline and in dynamics (mean follow-up was 10.6 ± 3.6 months). According to the change in left ventricular (LV) end-systolic volume (ESV) patients were divided into two groups: Group I (n = 19) with a decrease in LV ESV ≥ 30% (super-responders (SR) and Group II (n = 67) – decrease in LV ESV < 30% (non-super-responders (non-SR). Parameters of mechanical dyssynchrony (MD) were assessed in the two groups including LV pre-ejection period, interventricular mechanical delay (IVMD), intraventricular delay (IVD).

Results. At baseline, traditional parameters of MD were higher in SR: LV pre-ejection period (156.8 ± 35.4 ms vs 135.0 ± 35.6 ms; p = 0.021) and IVMD (73.0 [43.0; 108.0] ms vs 47.0 [19.5; 70.0] ms; p = 0.017). Logistic regression results showed that female gender (HR 7.048; 95% CI 1.496–33.206; p = 0.014) and QRS width (HR 1.017; 95% CI 1.000–1.034; p = 0.048) had an independent association with super-response.

Conclusion. In patients with HFrEF, more severe mechanical and electrical dyssynchrony is associated with super-response to CRT in a short-term follow-up period.
The use of 8-diff clinical blood testing of patients to assess the severity of the new coronavirus infection
Authors: Slesareva T. A. , Gruzdeva O. V. , Tarasova O. L. , Kuzmina A. A. , Alekseenko A. V. , Dyleva Yu. A. , Dolinchik T. R. , Bazdyrev E. D. , Gofman L. S. , Barbarash O. L.
Published: January 2023

Introduction. A new coronavirus infection causes a variety of changes in the body of an infected person, which can be monitored using clinical blood analysis. The capabilities of flow cytometry allow to expanding the range of analyzed cell populations, which gives a more complete picture of the patient’s condition and the course of infection process.

Aim. To study the extended 8-diff clinical blood analysis in patients with COVID-19 and to identify the parameters characterizing a severe course and an unfavorable outcome.

Material and Methods. The study group comprised 282 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of a new coronavirus infection. The following parameters of the extended 8-diff clinical blood test were evaluated: the total content of leukocytes and their populations, the number of reactive and antibody-synthesizing lymphocytes (RE-LYMPH, AS-LYMPH), indicators characterizing the reactivity and granularity of neutrophils (NEUT-RI, NEUT-GI), erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, normoblast count, and platelet count. Statistical data were processed using the Statistica 10.0 software.

Results. The blood picture of patients with a severe course of COVID-19 as well as of those with an unfavorable outcome of disease was characterized by neutrophilia, normoblastemia, and an increase in the number of immature granulocytes. At the same time, there was a significant decrease in the number of lymphocytes and monocytes below the reference interval and a decrease in the number of eosinophils to the extent of complete absence. The performed logistic regression analysis allowed to determine the most significant hematological parameters in predicting the outcome of COVID-19 as follows: the total number of leukocytes (OR 1.3), neutrophils (OR 2.1), reactive neutrophils (OR 1.3), eosinophils (OR 0.05), monocytes (OR 0.2), lymphocytes (OR 0.4), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) (OR 1.4). Also, the threshold values were established for these parameters as follows: the total number of leukocytes > 7.2 × 109/L, neutrophils > 5 × 109/L, reactive neutrophils > 48.6 Fi, eosinophils < 0.05 × 109/L, lymphocytes < 1.3 × 109/L, monocytes < 0.5 × 109/L, and NLR > 2.9 were associated with an unfavorable outcome of the disease.

Conclusion. The obtained data may be used for a comprehensive evaluation of COVID-19 patient condition along with other laboratory markers of the severe course of the infection.
Cardiac complications of tick-borne borreliosis: A clinical case
Authors: Rogozhkina E. A. , Dzhioeva O. N. , Drapkina O. M.
Published: January 2023

The problem of systemic manifestations of borreliosis is relevant due to the wide distribution of ixodid ticks in the territory of the Russian Federation. The article presents a clinical case illustrating the course of borreliosis in a patient with developed cardiac complications, timely detection of which made it possible to establish a correct diagnosis, identify the pathogen, and prescribe etiotropic treatment. The described case demonstrates the need for increased seasonal attentiveness in the analysis of clinical information and research results, the collection of an extended epidemiological history, a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition, and the analysis of all changes in organs and systems.
The mechanisms of hyperglycemia and its management in new coronavirus infection
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Shatalova O. V. , Glazova G. M.
Published: January 2023

Hyperglycemia has become an urgent problem in new coronavirus infection as it is a predictor of a severe course and poor outcomes in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients. This article describes possible mechanisms of hyperglycemia development in new coronavirus infection COVID-19 taking into account peculiarities of pathogenesis and course of the disease, reproduction of SARS-CoV-2, and the ways for hyperglycemia correction by administering different insulin therapy regimens based on the review of national and foreign literature.
Analysis of lethal outcomes in COVID-19 convalescents in multidisciplinary hospital
Authors: Korneva Yu. S. , Michurina A. P.
Published: January 2023

Health status of COVID-19 convalescents poses a serious burden on the healthcare system due to frequent decompensation of existing diseases and high mortality after episode of infection. This requires an analysis of not only the causes of death, but also the time of occurrence of complications in order to implement preventive measures and potentially reduce mortality Aim. The aim of the study was to carry out a clinical and pathoanatomical analysis of fatal outcomes in convalescents of COVID-19 in a multidisciplinary hospital.

Material and Methods. The medical documentation of 67 deceased patients with a documented history of COVID-19 was analyzed. Patients were divided into five groups based on the nosological principle.

Results. The study showed that the absolute majority of fatal outcomes occurred within one to two months (chi2 = 15.53; p = 0.001; df = 1); after that, the mortality rate gradually decreased over time. The rate of patients who died from acute and chronic decompensated cardiac diseases was 63%, which may be attributed to the specifics of the hospital. The number of neglected oncological diseases was 21% in our sample, which also should be considered a negative impact of the pandemic. In our study, the neglected oncological diseases were observed in 45% of patients, which was probably due to the profile of the hospital. The incidence rate of pulmonary embolism and other thrombotic complications was significantly higher in women (chi2 = 30.73; p < 0.001; df = 1). While comparing the time between recovery from COVID-19 and onset of death, we found that thrombotic complications occurred more often either immediately or within one to two months after recovery from COVID-19; sometimes patients already had a formed lung infarction, but in these cases the interval was longer (four to six months), which suggested the beginning of thrombosis during the acute stage of disease.

Conclusion. At the early stage, it is necessary to analyze basic information about the epidemiology of post-COVID-19 syndrome taking into account patient age and comorbidities. Given the high frequency of deaths, most often associated with thrombotic events or disorders of the cardiovascular system, it is necessary to plan clinical and laboratory tests, appropriate registries and clinical trials in order to properly assess thee risks and prepare for the long-term consequences of COVID-19.
Clinical and echocardiographic profile of patients one year after COVID-19 pneumonia depending on the left ventricular global longitudinal strain
Authors: Yaroslavskaya E. I. , Krinochkin D. V. , Shirokov N. E. , Gorbatenko E. A. , Gultyaeva E. P. , Garanina V. D. , Krinochkina I. R. , Korovina I. O. , Osokina N. A. , Migacheva A. V.
Published: January 2023

Background. Studying the impact of complicated course of new coronavirus infection on the cardiovascular system in the long term after patient discharge from hospital is of high significance.

Purpose. To compare the clinical and echocardiographic parameters of persons with history of verified COVID-19 pneumonia one year after discharge from hospital depending on the value of left ventricular (LV) global longitudinal strain (GLS).

Material and Methods. A total of 116 patients (50.4% men) aged 49.0 ± 14.4 years (from 19 to 84 years) with history of verified COVID-19 pneumonia were examined one year ± three weeks after discharge. The parameters of left ventricular global and segmental longitudinal strain were studied in 80 patients with optimal quality of echocardiographic visualization. Patients were divided into groups depending on the LV GLS value: group 1 included 35 patients with normal LV GLS (<–20%); group 2 comprised 45 patients with impaired LV GLS (≥–20%). The groups did not differ in age (p = 0.145), severity of lung injury during hospitalization (p = 0.691), duration of hospitalization (p = 0.626), and frequency of stay in the intensive care unit (p = 0.420).

Results. Abnormal values of LV GLS one year after discharge were found in 57.5% of patients with optimal visualization quality while the LV ejection fraction (EF) was normal in all patients. The majority of patients in group 2 were men (71.1% vs 28.6%, p < 0.001). A combination of coronary artery disease (CAD) and hypertension (AH) was more often diagnosed in this group (22% vs 6%, p = 0.040). The values of LV EF did not differ between the groups. The values of LV GLS were significantly worse in patients of group 2 (–17.6 ± 1.9% vs –21.8 ± 1.2%, p < 0.001). Moreover, the parameters of diastolic function including the left atrial emptying volume index (1.3 ± 0.3 mL/m2 vs 1.4 ± 0.3 mL/m2, р = 0.052) and velocity of the lateral part of the mitral valve fibrous ring e’ (10.8 ± 4 .4 cm/s vs 12.8 ± 4.0 cm/s, p = 0.045) were also lower in this group.

Conclusions. The LV GLS was impaired in 57.5% patients with normal LV EF one year after COVID-19 pneumonia. In the group with impaired LV GLS, men predominated; coronary artery disease was more often detected in combination with AH; and parameters of LV diastolic function were worse compared with the corresponding parameters in the group of patients with normal LV GLS.
Features of COVID-19 in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchial asthma, and cardiovascular comorbidity
Authors: Samoylov K. V. , Bukreeva E. B. , Boyarko V. V. , Gereng E. A.
Published: January 2023

Aim. The aim of the study was to identify the features of a new coronavirus infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), bronchial asthma (BA), and cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Materials and Methods. The retrospective study included 58 patients with novel coronavirus infection, which were divided into four groups: group 1 comprised 12 patients with COPD and CVD; group 2 comprised 15 patients with BA and CVD; and group 3 comprised 31 patients with CVD only. All patients underwent a clinical examination, complete blood count, biochemical blood examination, coagulation testing, serum ferritin test, and multi-slice computed tomography.

Results. The severity of dyspnea was greater in patients with COPD/CVD compared with BA/CVD, and in patients without bronchopulmonary pathology. The frequency of desaturation was the lowest in BA/CVD group compared with COPD/CVD and COPD/BA/CVD. A lower level of saturation was observed in COPD/CVD group in comparison with BA/CVD. The extent of lung damage also prevailed in group with COPD/CVD compared with patients without bronchopulmonary pathology. Patients with CVD only demonstrated the lowest level of leukocytes in contrast with all other study groups. However, the platelet count prevailed in the CVD group compared with the COPD/CVD group. Serum ferritin in patients with COPD/CVD was higher than in the AD/CVD group.

Conclusion. Patients with COPD had more severe coronavirus infection due to severity of dyspnea, low saturation indicators, high values of ferritin, and greater severity of lung damage according to computed tomography. Patients with asthma were prone to a less severe course of coronavirus infection due to less dyspnea, rare episodes of desaturation, high saturation rates, and low ferritin values.
Remodeling of the right heart and hepatolienal circulation in patients with coronavirus infection
Authors: Chistyakova M. V. , Govorin A. V. , Kalinkina T. V. , Medvedeva N. A. , Kudryavtseva Ya. V.
Published: January 2023

Aim. To study the condition of the right heart and hepatolienal circulation in patients three months after COVID-19.

Material and Methods. A total of 87 patients aged on average 36.2 years who were treated for COVID-19 three months before underwent echocardiography and the study of hepatolienal blood flow. Patients were divided into groups: group 1 comprised patients with CT 0; group 2 comprised patients with bilateral pneumonia CT 1–2, and group 3 comprised patients with CT 3–4. Control group comprised 22 patients who did not undergo COVID–19.

Results. In patients of group 1, the diastolic velocity of the transtricuspid flow increased by 24% compared to the control p <0.001. The ratio of diastolic velocities E/A and Em/Am decreased in all groups, and the greatest abnormalities were found in group 3. In group 3, systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery increased; the right ventricle, fibrous ring, right branch of the pulmonary artery, and diameters of the inferior vena cava, portal vein, and splenic veins increased. There was a decrease in the flow rate in the splenic vein (14%), and sizes of the liver and spleen increased. Correlations were established between increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and functional parameters of the heart and hepatolienal blood flow as well as between morpho-functional parameters of the heart and indicators of the portal vein, p < 0.001.

Conclusion. Three months after the coronavirus infection, patients with mild and moderate severity of the disease developed subclinical abnormalities in the diastolic function of the right ventricle. In patients with severe viral pneumonia, there was also increased pressure in pulmonary artery; the dilatations of the right ventricle, pulmonary artery, splenic vein, and portal veins developed along with a decrease in the flow rate in the splenic vein and increases in the liver and spleen.