bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure Elucidation and Synthesis of Lycoposerramine‐B, a Novel Oxime‐Containing Lycopodium Alkaloid from Lycopodium serratum Thunb.
Authors: Katakawa Kazuaki , Kitajima Mariko , Aimi Norio , Seki Hiroko , Yamaguchi Kentaro , Furihata Kazuo , Harayama Takashi , Takayama Hiromitsu
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
A Novel Route to Anticonvulsant Imesatins and an Approach to Cryptolepine, the Alkaloid from Cryptolepis Sp.
Authors: Banerji J. , Lai T. K. , Basak B. , Neuman A. , Prange T. , Chatterjee A.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis of 5,6,7,3′‐Tetramethoxy‐4′‐hydroxy‐8‐C‐prenylflavone.
Authors: Hossain M. Amzad , Ismail Zhari
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microwave‐Assisted Synthesis of Sulfide M2S3 (M: Bi, Sb) Nanorods Using an Ionic Liquid.
Authors: Jiang Ya , Zhu Ying‐Jie
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Novel Human Neuropeptide Y Y5 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Obesity. Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Pyridine Hydrazide Derivatives.
Authors: Galiano Silvia , Erviti Oihana , Perez Silvia , Moreno Antonio , Juanenea Laura , Aldana Ignacio , Monge Antonio
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Magnetic Nanoporous Molecular Materials
Authors: Maspoch Daniel , Ruiz‐Molina Daniel , Veciana Jaume
Published: May 2005

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Five‐Membered Titana‐ and Zirconacyclocumulenes: Stable 1‐Metallacyclopenta‐2,3,4‐trienes
Authors: Rosenthal Uwe , Burlakov Vladimir V. , Arndt Perdita , Baumann Wolfgang , Spannenberg Anke
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Neighbouring‐Group Effects in Heck Reactions
Authors: Oestreich Martin
Published: May 2005

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Atmosphere, a Chemical Reactor — Formation Pathways of Secondary Organic Aerosols
Authors: Schrader Wolfgang
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Hetero‐Aggregate Compounds of Aryl and Alkyl Lithium Reagents: A Structurally Intriguing Aspect of Organolithium Chemistry
Authors: Gossage Robert A. , Jastrzebski Johann T. B. H. , van Koten Gerard
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Knotting and Threading of Molecules: Chemistry and Chirality of Molecular Knots and Their Assemblies
Authors: Lukin Oleg , Voegtle Fritz
Published: May 2005

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Asymmetric Multicomponent Reactions (AMCRs): The New Frontier
Authors: Ramon Diego J. , Yus Miguel
Published: May 2005

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Acridin‐9(10H)‐ones and Related Systems
Authors: Prager R. H. , Williams C. M.
Published: May 2005

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Acridines
Authors: Prager R. H. , Williams C. M.
Published: May 2005

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Quinolinones and Related Systems
Authors: Larsen R. D.
Published: May 2005

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Pyridines
Authors: Spitzner D.
Published: May 2005

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Reactivity of Oxiranes with Organolithium Reagents
Authors: Chemla Fabrice , Vrancken Emmanuel
Published: May 2005

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Chemoenzymatic Synthesis of Enantiopure 1,4‐Dihydropyridine Derivatives
Authors: Sobolev A. , Franssen M. C. R. , Duburs G. , de Groot Ae.
Published: May 2005

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Synthesis and Chemical Properties of Polynitro‐ and Halonitro‐ Dihydrothiophene 1,1‐Dioxides
Authors: Efremova Irina E. , Berestovitskaya Valentina M.
Published: May 2005

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Synthetic Use of 2H‐Azirines in Preparative Organic Chemistry
Authors: Palacios Francisco , Ochoa De Retana Ana Maria , Martinez De Marigorta Eduardo Martinez , De Los Santos Jesus Manuel
Published: May 2005

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Azepines, Cyclopentazepines, and Phosphorus Analogues
Authors: Surman M. D. , Hutchings R. H.
Published: May 2005

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Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Corroles and Core‐Modified Corroles
Authors: Gryko Daniel T. , Fox Joseph P. , Goldberg David P.
Published: May 2005

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The Design and Synthesis of Aryl Hydroxamic Acid Inhibitors of MMPs and TACE
Authors: Levin Jeremy I.
Published: May 2005

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Elimination Reactions
Authors: Knipe A. C.
Published: May 2005

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Rearrangements of Organolithium Compounds
Authors: Tomooka Katsuhiko
Published: May 2005

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Asymmetric Ring Opening of Epoxides
Authors: Pastor I. M. , Yus M.
Published: May 2005

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Magnesium in Methanol (Mg/MeOH) in Organic Syntheses
Authors: Lee G. H. , Youn I. K. , Choi E. B. , Lee H. K. , Yon G. H. , Yang H. C. , Pak C. S.
Published: May 2005

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Lewis Acid Catalysis in Aqueous Media
Authors: Kobayashi Shu , Manabe Kei
Published: May 2005

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Corticosteroids
Authors: Sandi Carmen
Published: May 2005

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Intramolecular Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulations: Advances in Azapolycyclic Indole Synthesis
Authors: Rossi Elisabetta , Abbiati Giorgio
Published: May 2005

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Reactivity of Pyrrol‐2‐ones
Authors: Egorova A. Yu. , Timofeeva Z. Yu.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Rigid‐Rod Molecules in Biomembrane Models: From Hydrogen‐Bonded Chains to Synthetic Multifunctional Pores
Authors: Sakai Naomi , Mareda Jiri , Matile Stefan
Published: May 2005

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Design and Study of Phosphocavitands — A New Family of Cavity Systems
Authors: Nifantyev Eduard E. , Maslennikova Vera I. , Merkulov Roman V.
Published: May 2005

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Sulfamates and Their Therapeutic Potential
Authors: Winum Jean‐Yves , Scozzafava Andrea , Montero Jean‐Louis , Supuran Claudiu T.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterases and Their Role in Immunomodulatory Responses: Advances in the Development of Specific Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors
Authors: Castro Ana , Jerez Maria Jose , Gil Carmen , Martinez Ana
Published: May 2005

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Brain and Cancer: The Protective Role of Erythropoietin
Authors: Buemi Michele , Caccamo Chiara , Nostro Lorena , Cavallaro Emanuela , Floccari Fulvio , Grasso Giovanni
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Chemistry and Biology of Ramoplanin: A Lipoglycodepsipeptide with Potent Antibiotic Activity
Authors: Walker Suzanne , Chen Lan , Hu Yanan , Rew Yosup , Shin Dongwoo , Boger Dale L.
Published: May 2005

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Streptogramins, Oxazolidinones, and Other Inhibitors of Bacterial Protein Synthesis
Authors: Mukhtar Tariq A. , Wright Gerard D.
Published: May 2005

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Genetic Approaches to Polyketide Antibiotics. Part 1.
Authors: McDaniel Robert , Welch Mark , Hutchinson C. Richard
Published: May 2005

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DNA and RNA Synthesis: Antifolates
Authors: Kompis Ivan M. , Islam Khalid , Then Rudolf L.
Published: May 2005

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Rifamycin — Mode of Action, Resistance, and Biosynthesis
Authors: Floss Heinz G. , Yu Tin‐Wein
Published: May 2005

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New Targets and Screening Approaches in Antimicrobial Drug Discovery
Authors: Brown Eric D. , Wright Gerard D.
Published: May 2005

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Synthesis of Amaryllidaceae Constituents — An Update
Authors: Rinner Uwe , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: May 2005

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Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Morphine Alkaloids
Authors: Zezula Josef , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: May 2005

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Transient‐State Kinetic Approach to Mechanisms of Enzymatic Catalysis
Authors: Fisher Harvey F.
Published: May 2005

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Biosurface Organic Chemistry: Interfacial Chemical Reactions for Applications to Nanobiotechnology and Biomedical Sciences
Authors: Chi Young Shik , Lee Jungkyu K. , Lee Kyung‐Bok , Kim Dong Jin , Choi Insung S.
Published: May 2005

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Arginase: Structure, Mechanism, and Physiological Role in Male and Female Sexual Arousal
Authors: Christianson David W.
Published: May 2005

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Reticular Chemistry: Occurrence and Taxonomy of Nets and Grammar for the Design of Frameworks
Authors: Ockwig Nathan W. , Delgado‐Friedrichs Olaf , O'Keeffe Michael , Yaghi Omar M.
Published: May 2005

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IR Spectra, Conformational Lability, and Intermolecular Interactions in Long‐Chain Aliphatic Compounds
Authors: Babkov L. M.
Published: May 2005

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Electrochemical Processes of Sulfide in NaCl Electrolyte Solutions on Mercury Electrode
Authors: Krznarić Damir , Ciglenečki‐Jušić Irena
Published: May 2005

The electrochemical processes of sulfide in NaCl electrolyte solutions were studied using stripping cyclic voltammetry, differential capacity and chronoamperometric measurements. Some new effects were observed and are here discussed. At potentials around −0.1 to −0.3 V a pair of Faradaic adsorptive peaks, which can only be observed in the presence of chloride, is attributed to the formation of HgCl$\rm{ {_{4}^{2-}}}$ ion from the deposited layer of HgS. A second pair of peaks of purely capacitive character was observed at −0.4 V. This is the result of the reorientation and partial desorption or transformation of HgS layers. The formation and dissolution of HgS layers on mercury has been well investigated previously. We observed some new effects after depositing approximately ten layers of HgS and attributed this to the formation of polysulfides at positive potentials.
The Electrochemical Behavior of p‐Sulfonated Sodium Salt of Calix[6]arene
Authors: Diao Guowang , Liu Ying
Published: May 2005

The water‐soluble p‐sulfonated sodium salt of calix[6]arene (p‐SC6) is synthesized and characterized by FT‐IR and UV‐vis spectra. The purity of the product is checked as 97.6% by HPLC. The electrochemical behavior of p‐SC6 in NaAc+HAc (pH 3.9) buffer solution is studied. The results showed that p‐SC6 can be oxidized irreversibly when the potential scanned from 0 to 1.0 V (vs. SCE). The peak potential locates at about 0.83 V (vs. SCE) which depends on the scan rate and acidity. The number of electrons, n, transferred in the electrochemical reaction is 1. The diffusion coefficient of p‐SC6 is 1.4×10−6 cm2 s−1 at 25 °C. The electrochemical oxidation of p‐SC6 is strongly affected by acidity. For example, when pH is 10.6, n becomes 3. But the diffusion coefficient of p‐SC6 is 1.1×10−6 cm2 s−1 which is close to that measured at pH 3.9.
Barrel Plating Rhodium Electrode: Application to Flow Injection Analysis of Hydrazine
Authors: Sue Jun‐Wei , Kumar Annamalai Senthil , Chung Hsieh‐Hsun , Zen Jyh‐Myng
Published: May 2005

We introduce here the application of barrel plating technology for mass production of disposable‐type electrodes. Easy for mass production, barrel plating rhodium electrode (Rh‐BPE) is for the first time demonstrated for analytical application. Hydrazine was chosen as a model analyte to elucidate the electrocatalytic and analytical ability of the Rh‐BPE system in pH 7 phosphate buffer solution. Flow injection analysis (FIA) of hydrazine showed a linear calibration range of 25–1000 ppb with a slope and a regression coefficient of 5 nA/ppb and 0.9946, respectively. Twenty‐two replicate injections of 25 ppb hydrazine showed a relative standard deviation of 3.17% indicating a detection limit (S/N=3) of 2.5 ppb. The system can be continuously operated for 1 day without any alteration in the FIA signals and is tolerable to the interference of oxalic acid, gelatine, Triton X‐100, and albumin for even up to 100 times excess in concentration with respect to 400 ppb hydrazine. Since the fabrication cost of the electrode is cheap, it is thus disposable in nature. Furthermore, barrel plating technique can be extendable to other transition metals for application in many fields of research interest.
A geomatics data integration technique for coastal change monitoring
Authors: Mills J. P. , Buckley S. J. , Mitchell H. L. , Clarke P. J. , Edwards S. J.
Published: May 2005

This paper reports research carried out to develop a novel method of monitoring coastal change, using an approach based on digital elevation models (DEMs). In recent years change monitoring has become an increasingly important issue, particularly for landforms and areas that are potentially hazardous to human life and assets. The coastal zone is currently a sensitive policy area for those involved with its management, as phenomena such as erosion and landslides affect the stability of both the natural and the built environment. With legal and financial implications of failing to predict and react to such geomorphological change, the provision of accurate and effective monitoring is essential. Long coastlines and dynamic processes make the application of traditional surveying difficult, but recent advances made in the geomatics discipline allow for more effective methodologies to be investigated.

A solution is presented, based on two component technologies – the Global Positioning System (GPS) and digital small format aerial photogrammetry – using data fusion to elim‐inate the disadvantages associated with each technique individually. A sparse but highly accurate DEM, created using kinematic GPS, was used as control to orientate surfaces derived from the relative orientation stage of photogrammetric processing. A least squares surface matching algorithm was developed to perform the orientation, reducing the need for costly and inefficient ground control point survey. Change detection was then carried out between temporal data epochs for a rapidly eroding coastline (Filey Bay, North Yorkshire). The surface matching algorithm was employed to register the datasets and determine dif‐ferences between the DEM series. Large areas of change were identified during the lifetime of the study. Results of this methodology were encouraging, the flexibility, redundancy and automation potential allowing an efficient approach to landform monitoring. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Knickpoint recession rate and catchment area: the case of uplifted rivers in Eastern Scotland
Authors: Bishop Paul , Hoey Trevor B. , Jansen John D. , Artza Irantzu Lexartza
Published: May 2005

Knickpoint behaviour is a key to understanding both the landscape responses to a base‐level fall and the corresponding sediment fluxes from rejuvenated catchments, and must be accommodated in numerical models of large‐scale landscape evolution. Knickpoint recession in streams draining to glacio‐isostatically uplifted shorelines in eastern Scotland is used to assess whether knickpoint recession is a function of discharge (here represented by its surrogate, catchment area). Knickpoints are identified using DS plots (log slope versus log downstream distance). A statistically significant power relationship is found between distance of headward recession and catchment area. Such knickpoint recession data may be used to determine the values of m and n in the stream power law, E = KAmSn. The data have too many uncertainties, however, to judge definitively whether they are consistent with m = n = 1 (bedrock erosion is proportional to stream power and KPs should be maintained and propagate headwards) or m = 0·3, n = 0·7 (bedrock incision is proportional to shear stress and KPs do not propagate but degrade in place by rotation or replacement). Nonetheless, the E Scotland m and n values point to the dominance of catchment area (discharge) in determining knickpoint retreat rates and are therefore more consistent with the stream power law formulation in which bedrock erosion is proportional to stream power. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The early ontogeny of blastoids
Authors: Sevastopulo George D.
Published: May 2005

Blastoids (phylum Echinodermata; class Blastoidea) pass through a stage during growth in which the oral surface of the minute theca is composed of five oral plates only. The evidence that these thecae, which lack hydrospires, deltoids and lancet plates, are juvenile blastoids is that they occur together with mature blastoids and vice versa; they have growth lines on the exterior of the plates; and the outlines of their thecal plates are congruent with the earliest growth lines of the thecal plates of blastoids. It is proposed that this growth stage should be referred to as the passalocrinid stage, because the juvenile blastoids at this stage have previously been referred to Passalocrinus, originally described as a monocyclic crinoid. Coronoids also pass through a stage comparable to the passalocrinid stage of blastoids. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Parablastoid holdfasts from the Lower Ordovician of South Wales
Authors: Cope John C. W. , Donovan Stephen K.
Published: May 2005

Problematical discoid fossils from the Lower Arenig (Moridunian Stage) of the Llangynog Inlier, South Wales, are interpreted as parablastoid holdfasts. They constitute the first record of holdfasts in this rare echinoderm class. The lower surface has a radial ribbed structure, in contrast to the concentric, reticulate structure of the upper surface. The substrate for attachment was not lithified and may instead have been sediment stabilized by microbial mats. An associated pluricolumnal indicates that the parablastoid column was homeomorphic. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Frequent genomic abnormalities at TWIST in human pediatric osteosarcomas
Authors: Entz‐Werlé Natacha , Stoetzel Corinne , Berard‐Marec Perrine , Kalifa Chantal , Brugiere Laurence , Pacquement Hélène , Schmitt Claudine , Tabone Marie‐Dominique , Gentet Jean‐Claude , Quillet Robert , Oudet Pierre , Lutz Patrick , Babin‐Boilletot Annie , Gaub Marie‐Pierre , Perrin‐Schmitt Fabienne
Published: May 2005

The identification of genes as markers for chromosome aberrations in specific tumors might facilitate oncogenesis mechanism comprehension, cancer detection, prediction of clinical outcomes, and response to therapy. Previous physiologic and oncologic data identified the TWIST gene as a marker for mesodermal derivative and bone tissue differentiation, but its contribution to bone malignancies has not been investigated. In the present study, search for genomic alterations in high‐grade pediatric osteosarcomas was focused on the 7p21 region, and more specifically on the TWIST gene. In a cohort of 74 patients, we observed by allelotyping that 31 of 68 informative tumors were rearranged at the TWIST locus. Among them, analysis by quantitative PCR (QPCR) revealed that, surprisingly, mostly deletions (22/68), but also amplifications (9/68), of the TWIST gene were detected. Furthermore, deletions at TWIST were statistically correlated to other molecular abnormalities, like alterations at the APC or c‐kit loci, as well as to clinical features such as a poor outcome. This work shows that the TWIST gene seemed to be involved in high‐grade pediatric osteosarcomas and is a new marker with a possible initial predictive value. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Histologic characteristics of skin cancer in Hiroshima and Nagasaki: Background incidence and radiation effects
Authors: Kishikawa Masao , Koyama Kojiro , Iseki Masachika , Kobuke Toshihiro , Yonehara Shuji , Soda Midori , Ron Elaine , Tokunaga Masayoshi , Preston Dale L. , Mabuchi Kiyohiko , Tokuoka Shoji
Published: May 2005

Skin cancers, though rare in Japan, have reportedly been on the rise, but little else is known about epidemiologic features of different histologic types of skin cancer. The Life Span Study cohort, which consists of 93,700 atomic‐bomb survivors, many of whom were exposed to negligibly low radiation doses, and 26,600 people not exposed to radiation, enables a population‐based study of spontaneous as well as radiation‐related cancer risk. Skin tumor incident cases diagnosed between 1958 and 1987 were ascertained by linkage to the Hiroshima and Nagasaki tumor registries augmented by searches of other data sources. Study pathologists reviewed tumor specimens and pathology reports and classified tumors using the World Health Organization classification scheme. They identified 274 primary incident skin cancers, of which 106 were basal cell carcinoma (BCC), 81 were squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and 14 were malignant melanomas. Background incidence rates and radiation effects were assessed by Poisson regression models allowing for the effects of demographic and other covariates. BCC and SCC background incidence rates were both about 3 per 100,000 per year. BCCs were mainly on the head/neck (81%), whereas SCCs occurred most frequently on the arms/legs (45%) and head/neck (29%), consistent with the presumed role played by solar UV exposure in skin cancer. The BCC rates increased significantly between 1958 and 1987, whereas the SCC rates remained unchanged. The excess absolute risk of BCC per unit skin surface area related to atomic‐bomb radiation exposure did not differ between UV‐exposed and shielded parts of the body, suggesting the additivity of the radiation‐related and background BCC risks. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Total loss of MHC class I is an independent indicator of good prognosis in breast cancer
Authors: Madjd Zahra , Spendlove Ian , Pinder Sarah E. , Ellis Ian O. , Durrant Lindy G.
Published: May 2005

Tumours can be recognised by CTL and NK cells. CTL recognition depends on expression of MHC Class I loaded with peptides from tumour antigens. In contrast, loss of MHC Class I results in NK activation. In our study a large set of samples from patients with primary operable invasive breast cancer was evaluated for the expression of MHC Class I heavy and light by immunohistochemical staining of 439 breast carcinomas in a tissue microarray. Forty‐seven percent (206 of 439) of breast carcinomas were considered negative for HLA Class I heavy chain (HC10), whereas lack of anti‐β2m‐antibody staining was observed in 39% (167 of 424) of tumours, with only 3% of the β2m‐negative tumours expressing detectable HLA Class I heavy chain. Correlation with patient outcome showed direct relationship between patient survival and HLA‐negative phenotype (log rank = 0.004). A positive relationship was found between the intensity of expression of MHC Class I light and heavy chains expression and histological grade of invasive tumour (p < 0.001) and Nottingham Prognostic Index (p < 0.001). To investigate whether HLA Class I heavy and light chains expression had independent prognostic significance, Cox multivariate regression analysis, including the parameters of tumour size, lymph node stage, grade and intensity of HC10 and anti‐β2m staining, was carried out. In our analysis, lymph node stage (p < 0.001), tumour grade (p = 0.005) and intensity of MHC Class I light and heavy chains expression were shown to be independent prognostic factors predictive of overall survival (p‐values HC10 = 0.047 and β2m = 0.018). © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Adenoviral modulation of the tumor‐associated system L amino acid transporter, LAT1, alters amino acid transport, cell growth and 4F2/CD98 expressionwith cell‐type specific effects in cultured hepatic cells
Authors: Storey Bill T. , Fugere Celine , Lesieur‐Brooks Anne , Vaslet Charles , Thompson Nancy L.
Published: May 2005

Altered expression of metabolite transporters is observed frequently in tumor cell lines and primary neoplasms. The extent to which these may to contribute to the growth autonomy associated with cancer is not clear. LAT1 is a major L‐type amino acid transporter over‐expressed in a variety of cancer types and a light chain component of the CD98 heterodimer. We utilized an adenoviral expression system to modulate the level of LAT1 in a hepatic in vitro model to examine phenotypic changes associated with short‐term exogenous and blocked expression. LAT1 levels were increased three fold and resulted in increased L‐type amino acid transport as a result of adenoviral expression in murine hepatocytes. The protein was expressed on the cell surface and complexed with the CD98 heavy chain known as 4F2. Surprisingly, levels of the total CD98 protein complex were increased 2.4‐fold as a result of adenoviral expression of light chain only, suggesting coordinate regulation. Exogenous overexpression was less effective in normal rat liver cells relative to mouse. LAT1 antisense expression in hepatic tumor cells resulted in a modest though statistically significant decrease in cell number, viability and S‐phase cells over a 5‐day period relative to controls despite the absence of a significant decrease in L‐type transport over this period. These studies are preparatory to in vivo efforts focusing on LAT1/CD98 as a potential therapeutic target. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Identification of postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy responders in non‐small cell lung cancer by novel biomarker
Authors: Hirano Takashi , Kato Harubumi , Maeda Masahiro , Gong Yunbo , Shou Yanning , Nakamura Miho , Maeda Junichi , Yashima Koichi , Kato Yasufumi , Akimoto Shingo , Ohira Tatsuo , Tsuboi Masahiro , Ikeda Norihiko
Published: May 2005

Cisplatin‐based (CDDP‐based) adjuvant chemotherapy of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was reported to yield 5–15% improvement in 5‐year survival compared to complete resection alone. The importance of information concerning preselection of good responders has become increasingly evident. The purpose of our study is the establishment of a preselection of good responders for CDDP‐based adjuvant chemotherapy. We investigated protein expressions comparing intensity between parent strains (H69 and PC14 lung cancer cultured cells) and resistant strains against CDDP using 2‐dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2‐DE). Immunohistochemically, we evaluated the relationship between protein expression associated with CDDP‐resistance and the clinical effects of platinum‐based postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy using 126 surgically‐resected NCLC materials. We detected 2 kinds of polypeptides that changed expression levels on 2‐DE gels. The analyses of the amino acid sequence showed that these polypeptides were reticulocalbin (RCN) and glutathione‐S‐transferase‐π (GST‐π). The 2‐DE analysis showed decreased expression in RCN and overexpression in GST‐π with the acquisition of CDDP‐drug resistance. RCN‐transfectant of H69 CDDP‐resistant strain showed intermediate sensitivity between the parent strain and the CDDP‐resistant strain. RCN‐positive cases showed a statistically significant better disease‐free survival only in the cases receiving postoperative platinum‐based adjuvant chemotherapy after curative resection (p = 0.007). In addition, cases that were both RCN‐positive and GST‐π‐negative showed a statistically significantly better outcome (p = 0.0150). In the cases without postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy no relationship between the outcome and these expressions was seen. The evaluation of RCN and GST‐π might provide valuable information concerning postoperatively therapeutic strategy from the standpoint of individualized postoperative therapy. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Genomewide loss of heterozygosity and its clinical associations in non small cell lung cancer
Authors: Tseng Ruo‐Chia , Chang Jer‐Wei , Hsien Feng‐Jen , Chang Ya‐Hui , Hsiao Chin‐Fu , Chen Jung‐Ta , Chen Chih‐Yi , Jou Yuh‐Shan , Wang Yi‐Ching
Published: May 2005

We extensively allelotyped a panel of 71 microdissected primary surgically resected non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors to identify chromosomal regions that are likely to contain tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) or associated with clinicopathologic and prognostic effects. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was detected by genotyping of 177 microsatellite markers and correlation of LOH with clinicopathologic parameters and prognosis was analyzed. Twenty markers showed an LOH frequency greater than 48%, and 8 of them (2p23.3, 2p24.3, 2q35, 6p22.2, 7p14.3, 7p22.2, 17q24.3 and 21q22.3) were novel in NSCLC. The high LOH regions were confirmed by further aligning continuous LOH regions from another set of 24 NSCLC tissues and defining 7 minimal deletion regions ranging from 1.29 to 12.26 cM. The aberrations of 8 markers showed a significant correlation with alteration of p16 and Rb proteins, suggesting the gene(s) located in the chromosomal loss that may interact with p16/Rb pathway. In addition, markers specifically associated with smoking, histology types and tumor stages were identified and the linked candidate TSGs were suggested. For example, marker D1S1612 closely linked with Mig‐6 gene was associated with smoking patients, squamous cell carcinoma patients and late‐stage patients. Furthermore, 3 markers, D2S2968, D6S2439 and D7S1818, were significantly associated with poor prognosis of NSCLC patients using both univariate and multivariate Cox's regression analyses (p = 0.035, 0.022 and 0.006, respectively). These markers can potentially be used for early lung cancer detection, outcome measurement and the positional cloning of new TSGs whose loss of function contributes to NSCLC tumorigenesis. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
International lung cancer trends by histologic type: Male:Female differences diminishing and adenocarcinoma rates rising
Authors: Devesa Susan S. , Bray Freddie , Vizcaino A. Paloma , Parkin D. Max
Published: May 2005

Lung cancer rates have peaked among men in many areas of the world, but rates among women continue to rise. Most lung cancers are squamous cell carcinoma, small cell carcinoma, or adenocarcinoma; trends vary according to type. We compiled population‐based morphology‐specific incidence data from registries contributing to the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) databases. Unspecified cancers and carcinomas were reallocated based on a registry, time period, sex and age group‐specific basis. Where available, data from several registries within a country were pooled for analysis. Rates per 100,000 person‐years for 1980–1982 to 1995–1997 were age‐adjusted by the direct method using the world standard. Squamous cell carcinoma rates among males declined 30% or more in North America and some European countries while changing less dramatically in other areas; small cell carcinoma rates decreased less rapidly. Squamous and small cell carcinoma rates among females generally rose, with the increases especially pronounced in the Netherlands and Norway. In contrast, adenocarcinoma rates rose among males and females in virtually all areas, with the increases among males exceeding 50% in many areas of Europe; among females, rates also rose rapidly and more than doubled in Norway, Italy and France. Rates of all lung cancer types among women and adenocarcinoma among men continue to rise despite declining cigarette use in many Western countries and shifts to filtered/low‐tar cigarettes. Renewed efforts toward cessation and prevention are mandatory to curb the prevalence of cigarette smoking and to reduce lung cancer rates eventually. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
A novel mouse model for segmental orthotopic colon cancer
Authors: Alencar Herlen , King Ray , Funovics Martin , Stout Charles , Weissleder Ralph , Mahmood Umar
Published: May 2005

Spontaneous colon tumor mouse strains offer numerous advantages in modeling disease. However, the wide temporal window in which lesions form and the stochastic nature of lesion location require larger cohorts for assessment of disease modulation. Reliable, reproducible and inexpensive mouse models of early‐stage and invasive cancer would add to existing transgenic models. We show a new method for the creation of orthotopic murine tumors centered in the mucosal and submucosal layers anywhere in the colon, allowing creation of lesions of known age, location and extent. The system overcomes the disadvantages of heterotopic implantation and allows evaluation of lesions distally in the colon as well as proximally, thereby providing an additional method to study the effects of regionality. Invasion, host vascularization and application to disparate cell lines are demonstrated. Noninvasive imaging with magnetic resonance and colonoscopy, allowed in part by the tumor location, show potential applications of this approach. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Etiologic factors associated with p53 immunostaining in cutaneousmalignant melanoma
Authors: Purdue Mark P. , From Lynn , Kahn Harriette J. , Armstrong Bruce K. , Kricker Anne , Gallagher Richard P. , McLaughlin John R. , Klar Neil S. , Marrett Loraine D. ,   The Genes, Environment and Melanoma Working Group
Published: May 2005

Findings from a case‐control study of cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in Queensland, Australia, suggest that melanomas exhibiting p53 immunostaining possess different risk factors from those of other melanomas. To further explore this hypothesis, a case‐only analysis of risk factors for p53 immunostaining with anti‐p53 MAb DO‐7 was undertaken in 523 people diagnosed with CMM in Canada and Australia. Phenotypic factors and past sun exposure were measured using a self‐administered questionnaire and telephone interview. The presence of strong p53 staining (>10% of cell nuclei positively stained vs. <1% staining) was positively associated with some indicators of high cumulative sun exposure: lentigo maligna melanoma subtype (OR = 3.2 vs. superficial spreading subtype), melanoma location on the head and neck (OR = 2.8 vs. back), histopathologic evidence of solar elastosis (OR = 2.1) and previous diagnosis of nonmelanoma skin cancer (OR = 2.4). Strong staining was negatively associated with high nevus density on the back (OR = 0.2 for >25 nevi vs. 0–3 nevi) and histologic evidence of a coexisting nevus (OR = 0.3). Other factors associated with strong p53 immunostaining include greater Breslow thickness (OR = 7.4 for >4.00 vs. <0.76 mm), male sex (OR = 2.2) and dense freckling (OR = 6.6 vs. few freckles). Of these, thickness, male sex, dense freckling, low nevus density on the back, histologic subtype and history of nonmelanoma skin cancer appeared to be independently associated with strong p53 staining. Our findings are consistent with the Queensland study in suggesting that variables indicating high accumulated sun exposure are positively associated with p53 staining and that an increased number of nevi is positively associated with its absence; they may reflect etiologic and pathogenetic heterogeneity in melanoma. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Dendritic cell maturation by CD11c− T cells and Vα24+ natural killer T‐cell activation by α‐Galactosylceramide
Authors: Ishikawa Eiichi , Motohashi Shinichiro , Ishikawa Aki , Ito Toshihiro , Uchida Tetsuro , Kaneko Takaaki , Tanaka Yuriko , Horiguchi Shigetoshi , Okamoto Yoshitaka , Fujisawa Takehiko , Tsuboi Koji , Taniguchi Masaru , Matsumura Akira , Nakayama Toshinori
Published: May 2005

Human invariant Vα24+ natural killer T (NKT) cells display potent antitumor activity upon stimulation. Activation of endogenous Vα24+ NKT cells would be one strategy for the treatment of cancer patients. For example, dendritic cells (DCs) loaded with a glycolipid NKT cell ligand, α‐galactosylceramide (αGalCer, KRN7000), are a possible tool for the activation and expansion of functional Vα24+ NKT cells in vivo. In this report, we demonstrate that the levels of expansion and the ability to produce IFN‐γ of Vα24+ NKT cells induced by αGalCer‐loaded whole PBMCs cultured with IL‐2 and GM‐CSF (IL‐2/GM‐CSF‐cultured PBMCs) were superior to those of cells induced by monocyte‐derived CD11c+ DCs (moDCs) developed with IL‐4 and GM‐CSF. Interestingly, CD11c+ cells in the IL‐2/GM‐CSF‐cultured PBMCs showed a mature phenotype without further stimulation and exerted potent stimulatory activity on Vα24+ NKT cells to enable them to produce IFN‐γ preferentially at an extent equivalent to mature moDCs induced by stimulation with LPS or a cytokine cocktail. Cocultivation with CD11c− cells in the IL‐2/GM‐CSF‐cultured PBMCs induced maturation of moDCs. In particular, CD11c−CD3+ T cells appeared to play important roles in DC maturation. In addition, TNF‐α was preferentially produced by CD11c−CD3+ T cells in IL‐2/GM‐CSF‐cultured PBMCs and was involved in the maturation of moDCs. Thus, the maturation of DCs induced by CD11c− T cells through TNF‐α production appears to result in the efficient expansion and activation of Vα24+ NKT cells to produce IFN‐γ preferentially. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Androgen receptor modifications in prostate cancer cells upon long‐termandrogen ablation and antiandrogen treatment
Authors: Marques Rute B. , Erkens‐Schulze Sigrun , de Ridder Corrina M. , Hermans Karin G. , Waltering Kati , Visakorpi Tapio , Trapman Jan , Romijn Johannes C. , van Weerden Wytske M. , Jenster Guido
Published: May 2005

To study the mechanisms whereby androgen‐dependent tumors relapse in patients undergoing androgen blockade, we developed a novel progression model for prostate cancer. The PC346C cell line, established from a transurethral resection of a primary tumor, expresses wild‐type (wt) androgen receptor (AR) and secretes prostate‐specific antigen (PSA). Optimal proliferation of PC346C requires androgens and is inhibited by the antiandrogen hydroxyflutamide. Orthotopic injection in the dorsal‐lateral prostate of castrated athymic nude mice did not produce tumors, whereas fast tumor growth occurred in sham‐operated males. Three androgen‐independent sublines were derived from PC346C upon long‐term in vitro androgen deprivation: PC346DCC, PC346Flu1 and PC346Flu2. PC346DCC exhibited androgen‐insensitive growth, which was not inhibited by flutamide. AR and PSA were detected at very low levels, coinciding with background AR activity in a reporter assay, which suggests that these cells have bypassed the AR pathway. PC346Flu1 and PC346Flu2 were derived by culture in steroid‐stripped medium supplemented with hydroxyflutamide. PC346Flu1 strongly upregulated AR expression and showed 10‐fold higher AR activation than the parental PC346C. PC346Flu1 proliferation was inhibited in vitro by R1881 at 0.1 nM concentration, consistent with a slower tumor growth rate in intact males than in castrated mice. PC346Flu2 carries the well‐known T877A AR mutation, causing the receptor to become activated by diverse nonandrogenic ligands including hydroxyflutamide. Array‐based comparative genomic hybridization revealed little change between the various PC346 lines. The common alterations include gain of chromosomes 1, 7 and 8q and loss of 13q, which are frequently found in prostate cancer. In conclusion, by in vitro hormone manipulations of a unique androgen‐dependent cell line expressing wtAR, we successfully reproduced common AR modifications observed in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer: downregulation, overexpression and mutation. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids attenuate breast cancer growth through activation of a neutral sphingomyelinase‐mediated pathway
Authors: Wu Min , Harvey Kevin A. , Ruzmetov Nargiz , Welch Zachary R. , Sech Laura , Jackson Kim , Stillwell William , Zaloga Gary P. , Siddiqui Rafat A.
Published: May 2005

The effect of fish oils and their active omega‐3 fatty acid constituents, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), were investigated on breast cancer growth. In in vivo experiments, mice were fed diets that were rich in either omega‐3 (fish oil) or omega‐6 (corn oil) fatty acids. Three weeks after implantation of MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells, the tumor volume and weight were significantly lower (p < 0.05) for mice fed the omega‐3 diets compared to those fed the omega‐6 diets. Dietary fish oil also caused a 40% (p < 0.05) increase in neutral sphingomyelinase (N‐SMYase) activity in the tumors. The tumor tissues from fish oil‐fed animals expressed elevated p21 (waf1/cip1) mRNA, whereas tumor tissues from corn oil‐fed animals exhibited undetectable levels of p21 expression. In in vitro experiments, at concentrations as low as 25 μM, DHA and EPA inhibited the growth of cultured MDA‐MB‐231 cells in a dose‐dependent manner by 20–25% (p < 0.05). N‐SMYase activity was also increased by 30–40% (p < 0.05) in the DHA‐ or EPA‐treated cells in which an increase in ceramide formation was observed. DHA and EPA were both observed to enhance membrane bleb formation and also to induce the expression of p21. Omega‐3 fatty acids‐induced bleb formation and p21 expression were inhibited by the N‐SMYase inhibitor GW4869, which also inhibited apoptosis by approximately 40% (p < 0.05). The results suggest that inhibition of breast cancer growth in nude mice by dietary fish oil and inhibition of breast cancer cell growth in culture by treatment with DHA and EPA is mediated by activation of N‐SMYase. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Using dialogues with customers as sources of knowledge
Authors: Groen Martin
Published: May 2005

Every day organizations have numerous dialogues with (potential) customers. The representatives of the organization see themselves presented with the daunting task of how to identify and use the most relevant information that the customer communicated. Equally vexing for these dialogue participants is how to ensure that what is intended with a certain utterance in a dialogue is understood in the way the speaker intended. It is therefore not surprising that not all dialogues lead to satisfactory results for the participants. Customers tell organizations in dialogues (via media like e‐mail, telephone, letters or ‘physical’ visits) what they expect that the organization needs to know to be able to serve them in a satisfactory way. Equally, organizations would like to know whether the message they are communicating is understood in the way the organization intended and if the products or services they are providing matches any persistent (latent) need of a selected (group of) customer(s). This research is aimed at developing a computational instrument to come to terms with these issues. The seminal theory of Clark (1996) might assist us in this endeavour. In particular, the concepts of common ground and larger purpose present possibilities that could support us in our attempts to gain more knowledge from dialogues with customers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Implementing knowledge management solutions in a public research institution: the CNRS case
Authors: Lelièvre Gérard , Souillot Jacques
Published: May 2005

The Mission des Ressources et Compétences Technologiques (MRCT), of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), is a small unit in charge of optimizing the technological potential of the institution. One of its main objectives is to provide the CNRS scientific research teams with the best technological conditions that can be hoped for on the basis of the tools, competencies, structures, and funds that are available throughout the institution. Redistributing, or even sharing, elements of all natures, whatever the situation, is always a task demanding heavy efforts in the public sector. The MRCT has developed a soft approach to make things evolve as smoothly as possible and take into account the reactivity of the knowledge eco‐system it is inviting to transform. Extra carefulness, and realism, has driven the MRCT team to implement its knowledge management approach by impregnation, i.e. via its competencies networks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Feature selection methods involving support vector machines for prediction of insolvency in non‐life insurance companies
Authors: Salcedo‐Sanz Sancho , DePrado‐Cumplido Mario , Segovia‐Vargas María Jesús , Pérez‐Cruz Fernando , Bousoño‐Calzón Carlos
Published: May 2005

We propose two novel approaches for feature selection and ranking tasks based on simulated annealing (SA) and Walsh analysis, which use a support vector machine as an underlying classifier. These approaches are inspired by one of the key problems in the insurance sector: predicting the insolvency of a non‐life insurance company. This prediction is based on accounting ratios, which measure the health of the companies. The approaches proposed provide a set of ratios (the SA approach) and a ranking of the ratios (the Walsh analysis ranking) that would allow a decision about the financial state of each company studied. The proposed feature selection methods are applied to the prediction the insolvency of several Spanish non‐life insurance companies, yielding state‐of‐the‐art results in the tests performed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Expression pattern of the chromosome 21 transcription factor Ets2 in cell‐seeded three‐dimensional bone constructs
Authors: Turhani Dritan , Watzinger Elisabeth , Weißenböck Martina , Yerit Kaan , Cvikl Barbara , Ewers Rolf , Thurnher Dietmar
Published: May 2005

The ability to generate new bone for reconstructive surgery use is a major clinical need. Tissue engineering with osteoprogenitor cells isolated from the patient's periosteum and seeded into bioresorbable scaffolds offers a promising approach to the generation of skeletal tissue. To our knowledge, there is no description about the expression of Ets2 in tissue engineered “bone neotissue.” The aim of our study was to manufacture cell‐seeded three‐dimensional bone constructs with human periosteal cells on poly (lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) polymer fleeces to describe the expression pattern of Ets2 and its target genes osteocalcin and osteopontin; expression analysis of type I collagen, core‐binding factor‐1, alkaline phosphatase, and osteonectin; the ability of matrix mineralization and ALP enzymatic activity showed the osteogenic character of the constructs. A significant correlation between the expression of Ets2 and osteopontin mRNA (r = −0.70; p < 0.05) could be shown. A 1.35‐fold increase of Ets2 expression from days 1 to 9 was detected, followed by a slight decrease from days 11 to 15. Until the end of the culture period, the expression of Ets2 reached a comparable high level as detected on day 9. In contrast, the expression level of osteopontin mRNA reached a maximum at day 7, followed by a progressive 3.04‐fold decrease until day 21. This study shows for the first time that Ets2 gene and its transcriptional target genes are expressed in tissue‐engineered bone constructs. These findings have the potential to provide much‐needed information about the role and function of Ets2 in human osteogenesis processes and creation of “bone neotissue.” © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2005