bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH ANTIOKSIDAN DAUN MANGROVE TERHADAP HASIL PENGUJIAN HEDONIK DAN FAT BLOOM PADA COKLAT BATANG SELAMA MASA SIMPAN
Authors: Sumartini Sumartini , Ratrinia Putri Wening
Published: February 2022

Coklat merupakan makanan yang terbuat dari campulan gula dan lemak yang banyak disukai masyarakat. Parameter utama yang harus diperhatikan pada pembuatan coklat batang adalah hasil pengujian hedonik atau tingkat penerimaan konsumen terhadap produk, meliputi parameter rasa, warna, kenampakan, tekstur dan aroma. Selain itu sifat fisik utama yang harus diperhatikan adalah ada dan tidaknya kemunculan fat bloom atau bercak-bercak putih pada permukaan pada permukaan coklat batang. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah daun mangrove jenis Rhizophora apiculata (RA), Avicennia officinalis (AO), dan Avicennia marina (AM). Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimen Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan penambahan ekstrak daun mangrove dari spesies yang berbeda yaitu Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia officinalis, dan Avicennia marina, dan kontrol (tanpa penambahan serbuk daun mangrove) diulang 3 waktu. Pengujian hedonik dilakukan pada coklat dilakukan pada hari penyimpanan ke 0, 7, dan 14 pada suhu kamar. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian hedonik dan antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemberian ekstrak daun mangrove spesies Rhizopora apiculata (RA) merupakan perlakuan terbaik karena memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi serta uji hedonik yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Selain itu perlakuan (RA) dapat menghambat terbentuknya fat bloom dalam kurun waktu 14 hari masa simpan.
KOMPOSISI DAN KEANEKARAGAMAN JENIS LAMUN DI PERAIRAN DESA MANDIRI KABUPATEN PULAU MOROTAI
Authors: Muhammad Sandra Hi , Alwi Djainudin , Fang Mahrudin
Published: February 2022

Lamun merupakan salah-satu ekosistem yang sangat tinggi produktivitas organiknya, lamun juga memiliki manfaat secara ekonomi dan ekologis.  Fungsi lamun tidak banyak dipahami, banyak padang lamun yang rusak oleh berbagai aktivitas manusia terutama penangkapan ikan, pengerukan, penambangan pasir dan sebagainya. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan oleh peneliti sebelumnya dirasa masih kurang untuk dijadikan sebagai rujukan untuk menggambarkan potensi sumberdaya lamun di Kabupaten Pulau Morotai. Olehnya itu perlu  kiranya dilakukan penelitian ini sebagai tambahan informasi dan data potensi bagi pengelolaan sumberdaya alam pesisir dan laut terutama ekosistem  lamun secara berkelanjutan terutama dari aspek ekologinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi dan keanekaragaman jenis lamun. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di perairan desa Mandiri Kabupaten Pulau Morotai dimulai pada bulan Januari-Februari 2021 menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Analisis data indeks ekologi meliputi; komposisi jenis dan indeks keanekareagaman (Shannon-Winner). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komposisi jenis lamun paling tinggi persentasenya yaitu Cymodocea rotundata ditemukan disemua stasiun yaitu stasiun I sebesar (94%), stasiun II (84 %) dan stasiun III (72%). Indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H') lamun yang ditemukan pada stasiun I yaitu (0,22), stasiun II (0,58), dan stasiun III yaitu (0,59) menunjukan bahwa nilai indeks keanekaragaman lamun di lokasi penelitian termasuk kategori rendah.
Shamanic Powers, Village Religion and Esoteric Exchange: How Far is Tantra a Specifically Indian Phenomenon?
Authors: Samuel Geoffrey
Published: February 2022

This chapter reconstructs some of the social context of the development of ‘Tantra,’ and in particular asks how Buddhist monks and lay practitioners came to adopt ‘extreme’ versions of Saiva (Kaula) practice as central parts of their own religious practice between the 8th and 12th centuries. These ‘extreme’ elements included the presence of fierce and terrifying deities, cremation-ground symbolism and explicit sexual elements. A variety of approaches to the development of these practices is discussed.
Walking in the Mother’s Footsteps: Dravidian Virgin Goddesses as Empowering Role Models for Women
Authors: Diesel Alleyn
Published: February 2022

This chapter presents the ancient Dravidian virgin goddess tradition, which is very popular among the Tamil majority of South African Hindus and preserves a unique and possibly prepatriarchal form of religion which places women’s interests and suffering at centre stage. An examination of some of these goddess myths reveals stories of women, usually virtuous and faithful, who have suffered because of the demands of patriarchal traditions, and sometimes died or been killed, but have eventually been vindicated by being transformed into goddesses.
The Medieval Saivite World Portrayed on the Prâkâra Wall of the Mallikârjuna Temple at Srisailam
Authors: Shaw Richard
Published: February 2022

This chapter describes the location of Srisailam and its long history, together with the pilgrim routes which approached the holy mountain from the four directions. Moreover, the prâkâra is discussed in a general way followed by a section on dating this great wall. This is followed by an examination of a selection of the panels.
Lord over this Whole World: Agency and Philosophy in Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad
Authors: Sjödin Anna-Pya
Published: February 2022

Anna-Pya Sjödin addresses the conceptualization of agency in Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad by outlining the metaphors used in this text to capture notions of sacrificial and epistemological agency. At the same time as this Upaṇiṣadic text elaborates the then-emerging ideas of self (ātman) and the consequences of knowing thatself, it also carries impressions of discussions and speculations that were formulated within a culture of sacrificial ritual. Traces of the Upaṇiṣadic expressions are then shown to have a structural continuity in later systematic philosophy, a continuity expressed mostly in terms of epistemological agency and formulated within a discourse on the self as the acting and knowing subject.
The End of Sacrifice Revisited
Authors: Stroumsa Guy G.
Published: February 2022

Besides rehearsing and developing some already familiar topics in this chapter, Stroumsa takes the opportunity to critically ponder the recent scholarly revitalization of Karl Jaspers’ concept of an Axial Age (Achsenzeit). This trend is particularly visible in the late Robert Bellah’s ambitious delineation of the early development of the world’s religious traditions in Religion in Human Evolution: From the Paleolithic to the Axial Age (2011).
The All as logikê thusia:The Egyptian Prehistory of a Hermetic Idea
Authors: Sørensen Jørgen Podemann
Published: February 2022

Jørgen Podemann Sørensen explores how sacrifice, in its capacity as a necessary subspecies of ritual, has informed both modern theories of religion, and the speculative responses of its indigenous performers. He does this by instigating a specific sacrificial logic. He compares the ethnographically documented bear ceremonialism among the Ainu of Hokkaido with the ancient Egyptian sacrifice of the goddess Maat. These examples serve to bring the radicalized Hermetic idea of spiritual sacrifice into the broader context of sacrificial speculation. He thereby demonstrates how the radicalized idea of sacrifice always depends on its more traditional mode, even when the latter may appear to have come to an end.
Philosophical Sacrifice
Authors: Sá Cavalcante Schuback Marcia
Published: February 2022

This final chapter closes the historical circuit by addressing the continuation of sacrificial themes in contemporary continental philosophy. Marcia Sá Cavalcante Schuback’s point of departure is the relation between philosophy and sacrifice in Jean-Luc Nancy’s readings of the philosophy of sacrifice as proposed by Georges Bataille in the 1940s. In showing how Bataille’s philosophy of sacrifice accomplishes rather than overcomes the philosophical sacrifice of the singular for the sake of the universal, Nancy argues for a suspension of the philosophical concept of sacrifice and addresses the idea of an open offering of singular finite being. In question here is not the end of sacrifice, nor the sacrifice for ends, but the unsacrificeable finite offering of existence.
Qhapaq ñan. El camino inca en el tramo nororiental del departamento de Nariño, Colombia
Authors: Pereira-Solarte Silvio
Published: February 2022

El Camino del Inca (Inca Ñan), comprende aproximadamente 5.200 km de longitud” (González, 2020,p. 10) a lo largo de la Cordillera de los Andes, uniendo a seis países andinos, entre los que se encuentran: Argentina, Bolivia, Colombia, Chile, Ecuador y Perú. En Colombia, El Camino del Inca se localiza entre Ipiales (Rumichaca) y Pasto, correspondiendo al primer tramo de la ruta vial Andina. “Declarado patrimonio mundial por la UNESCO” (Colombia .Ministerio de Cultura, 2013, p.1).El Qhapaq Ñan, en el tramo nororiental del departamento de Nariño, Colombia corresponde a una investigación preliminar sobre el segundo tramo de la ruta vial andina en Nariño, Colombia, el cual se localiza entre la ciudad de Pasto, hasta el rio Juanambu (Guambuyaco,municipio de Taminango). Atraviesa los municipios de Pasto, Nariño, La Florida, El Tambo,El Peñol, Taminango. El objetivo de este estudio consistió en demostrar preliminarmente la existenciade la continuidad de la red longitudinal andina de El Qhapaq Ñan, en 15 km más hacia el nororiente del Departamento de Nariño, sur de Colombia. Durante el proyecto de investigación se descubrió accidentalmente la ruta transversal al Amazonas y la ruta transversal a la costa la cual conducía hacia la provincia minera de las Barbacoas y está a su vez al mar del Pacifico, por medio del río Patía. Este trabajo se basa en la bibliografía de los cronistas primitivos de la Indias del siglo XVI, como además otras herramientas de investigación entre las que se encuentran: el estudio a campo abierto y de laboratorio etnolingüístico por medio de registros de archivos parroquiales, estudios cartográficos, entrevistas a habitantes preferiblemente longevos de la zona en estudio. Esta investigación fue realizada por mi persona y mi padre Onésimo Pereira Vallejo (Q.E.P.D). Por ser un trabajo inédito no existen al momento estudios arqueológicos de la zona. Espor ello que en esta investigación preliminar se omitieron dichos trabajos, siendo necesario, a futuro, realizar estudios de exploración y excavación arqueológica. Las fuentes aportadas en esta investigación constituyen una prueba inicial sobre la continuación del trayecto andino longitudinal y el transversal de El QhapaqÑan en el nororiente del departamento de Nariño, Colombia.
A second chance in education: Upgrade teachers’ perceptions of tertiary education in Samoa
Authors: Tuia Tagataese Tupu , Fa'avae David Taufui Mikato , Esera Epenesa
Published: February 2022

A second chance in education is becoming more and more infrequent in the region. The study is the first in Samoa and makes references to existing literature on teacher upgrade. This paper investigated whether the Teacher Upgrade programme in Samoa contributed positively to teaching and learning in schooling. The programme itself is a pathway for teachers to gain a degree qualification, a rise in pay and an opportunity to hold leadership positions of responsibility at the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture (MESC). Teacher upgrade programmes have made a difference in former colonised nations’ education systems. Samoa, for instance, started teacher upgrade five years ago and has witnessed improvement in its education system, particularly with students’ performance and engagement. The participants in the Teacher Upgrade programme included teachers, school principals, and senior officers from the Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture (MESC). Qualitative data was collected through the utilisation of an indigenous research methodology—talanoa and nofo—that aligns with the lived realities of the participants. The findings highlighted teacher upgrade has positive educational outcomes for teachers in the programme. This ranged from knowledge, skills, creativity in resource making, diverse pedagogical know-how, improvement in the use and application of technology, and improvements in higher qualification and salary.
Risky versus cautious group decisions: An explorative study of persuasive argumentation factors among teacher-members of Kenyan school disciplinary panels
Authors: Aloka Peter J. O.
Published: February 2022

The present study examined the persuasive argumentation factors leading to risky and cautious group decisions among teacher-members of disciplinary panels in Kenyan schools. The study was guided by the Persuasive Arguments Theory. The study is located within the qualitative research paradigm and was guided by the phenomenology design. The study sample comprised 14 teachers selected from three secondary schools. The semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. The trustworthiness of the qualitative data was ensured. Thematic framework was adopted to analyse data. The findings indicate that the persuasive argumentation factors namely, new information, credible information, perceived expertise source, age, teaching experience and seniority of panel members are responsible for shifts in decisions from pre-group risky decisions to post-group cautious decisions. It is recommended that school principals should make members of the school community a part of the disciplinary panels to make it broad based.
Introduction to Articles in this issue
Authors: Fa'avae David Taufui Mikato , Earl Rinehart Kerry
Published: February 2022

N/A
TENSÕES IDENTITÁRIAS: INSTRUMENTO TERMINOLÓGICO QUESTÃO RACIAL E FEMINISMO
Authors: Moraes Miriam
Published: February 2022

A construção de instrumentos terminológicos, para além da sua função de representação e organização de uma especialidade de conhecimento, é aqui apresentada como um referencial empírico para a identificação de práticas identitárias no momento em que se constituem como terminologias. Tomamos por referencial empírico um instrumento terminológico construído por feministas brasileiras, no final da década de 90 do século XX, o Tesauro para Estudos de Gênero e sobre Mulheres (TEG), apresentado pela pesquisadora da Fundação Carlos Chagas, Cristina Bruschini em 1998. Na década de 90, o TEG se propunha a ser o instrumento síntese de uma epistemologia crítica feminista. No entanto, os legados da escravidão no Brasil em termos de dominação racial e de gênero e as desigualdades da sociedade pós-abolição conduziram a experiências sociais diferentes para mulheres negras e brancas. Nesta comunicação, argumentamos que o instrumento terminológico construído neste processo evidencia a representação de um feminismo hegemônico, de classe média e branca, gestado no meio acadêmico, e que o mesmo torna o feminino nele definido como uma ideia universal sem explicitar qualquer conflito, ou a diversidade da práxis feminista no Brasil. Ancorada no pensamento de Foucault, quanto à compreensão de uma economia das relações de poder vislumbramos no Feminismo Negro uma forma de resistência aos diferentes tipos de poder evidenciadas pela imposição de um feminismo hegemônico. Esse confronto de estratégias entre o poder constituído e a resistência em nível da linguagem é aqui analisado por meio da luta das mulheres negras no campo do feminismo e que se distingue pela busca do empoderamento por meio da priorização de termos e conceitos que representem às especificidades da mulher negra.
Tea for Minds and Hearts: A Scoping Review
Authors: E Derbyshire , TJ Bond , G Jenkins
Published: February 2022

Tea is a ubiquitous and staple beverage for many people globally. It is well documented that mental well being and cardiovascular health are both recognized as being important in determining general health. The two are intricately linked as people with mental health issues are more likely to have heart disease. We systematically searched the PubMed database and selected studies by predefined eligibility criteria. The reviewed studies presented a large body of evidence indicating that black tea drinking could benefit markers of heart health, including vascular and endothelial function. There is emerging evidence that tea drinking (black and green) and aromatic inhalation of certain teas (e.g., Darjeeling and Assam teas) could aid relaxation, lower stress, dementia risk and cognitive decline and potentially improve attention and psychomotor speed in advanced age. Further human trials are warranted.
Evaluation of Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Isolated Pea Protein
Authors: H Elgubbi , A Alajtal , N Dabri , S Aboualkasem
Published: February 2022

Proteins were obtained from pea seeds. Protein solubility, water and oil absorption capacity, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability, foaming capacity and foam stability were used to determine the pea a chemical and functional properties of protein. The pea protein, obtained by alkaline (NaOH 0.1 N) solubilization (pH 10) and 1:10 (gm/ml) ratio followed by TCA/Acetone precipitation, displayed the highest protein content and the best functional properties. The profiles of the solubility curves corresponding to the participated pea protein (PPP) indicate a minimum solubility at pH ranging from 4-10. The emulsifying capacity of pea participated pea protein was low (3.2) but it has high emulsifying stability (98.9). PPP show a high foaming capacity at pH2 and the suitable time to form the foam is 30 min. the high stability of foam was 78.8%. The result of this study emphasized that PPP has an ability to absorb water more than oil. Thus, the experimental suggesting that PPP can be successfully used as food ingredient due to its nutritional value, chemical composition and functional properties.
Dysregulated circulating miR-4429 serves as a novel non-invasive biomarker and is correlated with EGFR mutation in patients with non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Ruan Mei , Sun Liyan , Qiu Wen , Dong Yanjie , Fang Chunmei , Cui Haiyan , Rong Jiansheng
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to investigate the correlation between microRNA (miR)-4429 and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), the expression and clinical significance of miR-4429 in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and the relationship between miR-4429 and EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients. Blood samples were collected from 122 NSCLC patients and 72 healthy volunteers. miR-4429 expression and EGFR mRNA expression were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Correlation between miR-4429 and EGFR was evaluated by dual‑luciferase reporter assay and the Pearson correlation analysis. The ability of serum miR‑4429 to discriminate between NSCLC patients and healthy controls, and to discriminate between EGFR wild-type (EGFR-W) and EGFR mutant-type (EGFR-M) patients was assessed using receiver operating characteristic analysis. The relationship between miR-4429 and NSCLC patients’ survival was identified by Kaplan-Meier survival curves and log-rank test. The prognostic value of miR-4429 in NSCLC patients was evaluated by Cox regression analysis. miR-4429 could directly bind to EGFR. Serum miR-4429, decreased in NSCLC patients, was negatively correlated with serum EGFR mRNA expression in NSCLC patients. Additionally, miR-4429 had a high diagnostic value for screening NSCLC patients from healthy controls, and was independently correlated with survival prognosis of NSCLC patients. Moreover, miR‑4429 was decreased in EGFR-M patients, which had a certain screening ability for EGFR‑M patients. Our findings indicate that miR-4429 is negatively correlated with EGFR in NSCLC, and may function as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for NSCLC patients. Additionally, miR-4429 is associated with EGFR mutation in NSCLC patients.
[RETRACTED] Hazel Hills CBD Gummies Reviews v1
Authors: Hills CBD Gummies Reviews Hazel
Published: February 2022

[RETRACTED]

Hazel Hills CBD Gummies Reviews
Immunoprecipitation using Protein A/G Magnetic Beads v2
Authors: England Biolabs New
Published: February 2022

This protocol explains immunoprecipitation using Protein A/G Magnetic Beads.
Sequential smFISH Allen Institute v1
Authors: Close Jennie , Maltzer Zoe
Published: February 2022

We have developed a multiplexed single molecule FISH protocol for use at the Institute. This protocol was optimized on human tissue, but will work on mouse tissue as well. It was adapted from Lyubimova et. al., Nature Protocols, 2013.
Megapolis Transport Flow Management by Implementing Dedicated Bands for Public Transport (In Russ.)
Authors:   ITMO University, Budrina E.V. , Kirillova E.V. ,   ITMO University, Rykova I.S. ,   ITMO University
Published: February 2022

The article presents the results of a study of the experience and effectiveness of the introduction of dedicated lanes for public transport as a method of dealing with congestion on the roads of large cities. The problem of excessive motorization is considered. The experience and effectiveness of the introduction of lanes in such cities of the world as Chicago (USA), Nashville (USA), Hamburg (Germany), Paris (France), Wiesbaden (Germany), London (England), Moscow (USSR, Russia), St. Petersburg (Russia).The analysis is carried out and the features of the arrangement of the strips are highlighted. The main barriers to the use of dedicated lanes as a method for managing traffic flows in megacities are identified and evaluated. With the help of an expert survey, the most significant of them for Russia were identified, and methods for overcoming barriers or minimizing their impact were proposed.
Analysis of Problems in the Management of the Modern Educational Process in the Field of Higher Education in the Context of Increasing the Level of Digitalization of the Economy (In Russ.)
Authors:   ITMO University, Leonteva I.N. , Burtsev D.S. ,   ITMO University
Published: February 2022

The research is devoted to the analysis of the problems of higher education in the context of a constant increase in the level of digitalization of the economy. The relevance of the topic is due to the current state of affairs on the labor market in the real sector of the economy and the gap between the content and level of higher education in comparison with the requirements of the labor market. The introduction of new technologies, innovative methods of work, modern technology leads to the updating of requirements for specialists, which requires a revision of teaching methods, the content part and the acquired competencies. The article presents the systematization of problems in the educational sphere (higher education), their comparison and the search for solutions to these problems.
Surgical stage in sequential therapy of unresectable oral cancer T3-4bN0-3M0: evaluation of treatment results
Authors: Musin Sh. I. , Sultanbayev A. V. , Menshikov K. V. , Mufazalov F. F. , Nasretdinov A. F. , Goncharova O. V. , Osokin S. V. , Zamilov M. M. , Timin K. E.
Published: February 2022

Introduction. Unresectable oral cancer is an urgent and complex problem in modern oncology. Annually, the proportion of patients with stage III–IV is 35 %, and the one-year mortality rate for this pathology reaches 32 %. Patients with advanced oral tumors usually have a negative prognosis and treatment tactics are limited to radiation therapy (RT), chemoradiation therapy, or sequential therapy, including induction chemotherapy (CT). Polymodal therapy for oral cancer is of particular interest in the treatment of pathology in this area.

The study objective – to analyze the results of sequential treatment, including induction CT followed by RT and induction CT followed by surgery and RT in patients with unresectable oral cancer (T3–4bN0–3M0).

Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 30 patients (11 women and 19 men) with primary non-resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity (T3–4bN0–3M0) who received 2–3 courses of induction chemotherapy (CT) with DCF (docetaxel, cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil). Mean patients’ age was 61.2 years. The first treatment stage included induction CT according to the following scheme: docetaxel (75 mg/m2 /day on day 1) + cisplatin (75 mg/m2 /day on day 1) + 5-fluorouracil (1000 mg/m2 /day on days 1–4) repeated every 21 days. Study participants were divided into 2 groups according to their objective response to CT. Patients with resectable residual tumors have undergone surgery (after induction CT) followed by radical radiation therapy (RT) (induction CT + surgery + RT). Patients with non-resectable residual tumors/no objective response/no complete response after induction CT have undergone radical RT (induction CT + RT).

Results. The objective response rate (ORR) to induction CT was 66.6 % (20 / 30). Five out of thirty patients (16.7 %) received no subsequent therapy: 3 individuals developed grade III–IV adverse events, while 2 individuals had progressive disease. One-third of patients (10 / 30; 33.3 %) had surgery followed by RT. Half of patients (15 / 30; 50 %) received RT after induction CT. The two-year relapse-free survival rates in the groups of induction CT + surgery + RT and induction CT + RT was 14 and 16 %, respectively (p = 0.49). The two-year overall survival rates in the same groups were 44 and 38 %, respectively (р = 0.74).

Conclusion. Resectability was achieved in 33.3 % (10 / 30) of patients with initially unresectable oral cancer after induction CT. A sequential therapy regimen, including a surgical stage after induction CT, did not demonstrate a statistically significant increase in overall and disease-free survival rates. Sequential multimodal treatment of common oral cancers has some potential, but requires further study to assess its significance.
DEVELOPMENT OF CONTEMPORARY DEVOLUTION PROCESSES IN GREAT BRITAIN
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko national University of Kyiv, Kutepova Maryna
Published: February 2022

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the devolutionary processes in Great Britain, which have intensified and institutionalized since the late twentieth century and continue to the present days, as well as their impact on the political and socio-economic development of its member countries – England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study are scientific methods and methodological approaches to understanding the process of interaction of public authorities under conditions of devolution. An important condition of the chosen research strategy is the observance of the principles of objectivity, multifactoriality and systematicity. The study is based on methodological principles of a systematic approach. Using a systems approach makes it possible to study the interaction of public authorities in the UK in the context of devolution as a single system. Based on the fact that devolution involves the creation of certain institutions, as well as institutional adaptation to a management system that adapts to new conditions, the main methodological approach to analysis was the institutional approach. The article emphasizes that for a long time the United Kingdom has been a model of decentralized political governance based on the culture of civil society and the representation of local interests in the national government. To a large extent, Britain's sustainable development depends on a periodic political compromise. It can alleviate the main contradiction of the British political system – the dichotomy of the principles of the supremacy of parliament and regional self-government. It is proved that the decentralization of public administration in the UK means the devolution of central government and increasing the responsibility of local government in the expansion and development of various forms of interaction between state and society. In general, the process of decentralization of power in the UK is complex and ambiguous one. The process of devolution in the UK is characterized by asymmetry, as evidenced by the lack of legislative powers of England. In this context, it is stated that the procedure of interaction between public authorities at different levels is not well established. Today there is a significant number of control functions, levers of administrative and financial pressure on central offices, as well as the lack of clear recommendations by which local authorities could determine what is within their competence and address urgent issues more effectively.
Protein-Energy Malnutrition as a Predictor of Early Recurrent Revisions After Debridement Surgery in Patients With Difficult-to-Treat Periprosthetic Infection
Authors: Bozhkova Svetlana A. , Liventsov Vitaly N. , Tikhilov Rashid M. , Romano Carlo L. , Kochish Aleksandr Yu. , Labutin Dmitry V. , Artyukh Vasily A.
Published: February 2022

Background. Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) is an established risk factor of postoperative complications in orthopedic disorders, including arthroplasty of the large joints.
The study aimed to evaluate PEM prevalence and its association with the early postoperative revision in patients with the difficult-to-treat (DTT) prosthetic joint infection (PJI) of the hip.
Methods. The retrospective study included 132 patients with chronic DTT PJI of the hip. The patients underwent orthopedic implant removal, radical debridement of the infected tissues, and resection arthroplasty with non-free transplantation of an axial vastus lateralis muscle flap (n = 57) or installation of an antimicrobial spacer (n = 75). DTT PJI was defined as an infection caused by rifampicin-resistant staphylococcal strains, ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacteria, fungi of the genus Candida, and their associations. The assessment of the patients protein-energy status included the evaluation of reference laboratory parameters, such as levels of hemoglobin, total protein, and albumin and number of lymphocytes. The degree of PEM was determined by the number of laboratory markers below the threshold values. The statistical comparison was performed using Fishers test. The odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval [CI]) was calculated to assess the risk of PJI recurrence. Differences were considered significant at p0.05.
Results. More than 70% of patients with chronic DTT PJI included in the study were diagnosed with preoperative PEM of varying degrees of severity. Hypoalbuminemia and decreased hemoglobin levels were diagnosed more often: 64.3% and 57.1% in the muscle flap plasty and 57.3% and 31.1% in the antimicrobial spacer group, respectively. In muscle plasty and antimicrobial spacer groups, a decrease in the values of three or more reference PEM markers was detected in 28.5% and 16.0% of patients, and this advanced impairment of the nutritional status increased the risk of early revision intervention by two (OR 2.0; CI 95% 0.478.56; p = 0.35) and six times (OR 6.11; 95% CI 1.0635.35; p0.04), respectively.
Conclusion. In general, the analysis of publications and results of our study show that PEM is associated with the development of surgical site infection and recurrence of PJI after revision surgery. A decrease in the values of three or more reference PEM markers is a significant predictor of repeated revisions after debridement surgery with the installation of an antimicrobial spacer. PEM complicates the postoperative course in patients with resection arthroplasty. Given the high incidence of PEM in patients with DTT PJI of the hip joint, further research is needed to develop methods for nutritional status correction and assessment of their effect on the outcomes of debridement surgery.
Using Machine Learning for Explosion Yield Estimation
Authors: Stroujkova Anastasia , Leidig Mark
Published: February 2022

We developed a machine learning approach to estimate an explosion yield and height-of-burst or depth-of-burial (HOB or DOB) using a combination of seismic ground-motion and acoustic measurements. The technique employs artificial neural networks (ANNs) with Bayesian regularization suitable for small datasets to reduce the potential for overfitting and improve the network generalization. Using data from multiple explosion experiments conducted in various rock types, we investigated the effect of different seismic and acoustic measurement methods combined with estimated seismic velocity on the yield and the scaled HOB or DOB estimates. The training dataset for the ANN comprised data from 42 explosions conducted in various media at different HOB or DOB. Two additional explosions were used for the method validation. The input features included seismic and acoustic amplitudes, peak frequency, positive phase duration, and the apparent seismic velocity. The presented approach is not limited to a single lithology. Instead, it uses a diverse set of parameters, such as apparent seismic velocity and P-wave peak frequency, to implicitly identify the medium properties within the data-driven framework. Incorporating these parameters resulted in significant improvement of the method performance for both scaled depth and yield estimates. The root mean square error of the scaled depth estimate is on the order of 0.1  m/kg1/3. For the yield estimate, the mean absolute percentage error is less than 10% for both training and validation datasets. The main challenge of using machine learning for yield estimate is a small number of calibration explosions with known yields available for the ANN training. In the future, the developed approach can be further improved by training the ANNs with larger datasets, as more explosion data become available.
La red avispa: Una lectura periférica de la inteligencia
Authors: Niño González César Augusto , Castillo Castañeda Alberto
Published: February 2022

La Red Avispa es una lectura periférica sobre el sistema de inteligencia cubano. Partimos del interrogante que guía el presente artículo ¿Cómo se configuró una antítesis de la inteligencia cubana sobre la estadounidense capaz de mantener el establecimiento de La Habana a principios de la década de 1990? Así, nuestra hipótesis se configura a partir de la película La Red Avispa, en la cual se puede leer la estrategia de inteligencia cubana como garante de supervivencia sobre las presiones de Washington en la Guerra Fría, para eso se valió de operaciones directas en territorio estadounidense para infiltrarse en los grupos anticastristas y neutralizar ataques sobre la Isla. Desde el realismo periférico encontramos que, la estrategia de inteligencia de Cuba fue por las consecuencias de una asimetría extrema relevante. Gracias a la presión de Estados Unidos, la Isla tuvo que diseñar modelos estratégicos alternativos para no subsumirse en la geopolítica asimétrica. La Red Avispa, materializa una herramienta periférica para garantizar la pervivencia del régimen de Castro en la década de 1990.

De tal manera, desde el marco del realismo periférico, encontramos que las dimensiones globales se representan en actores que asumen un rol de la siguiente manera: 1. Los forjadores de normas, 2. Los tomadores de normas y, 3. Los rebeldes. Entonces, Cuba asume el último de estos puntos.
Design Criteria for Patient-specific Mandibular Continuity Defect Reconstructed Implant with Lightweight Structure using Weighted Topology Optimization and Validated with Biomechanical Fatigue Testing
Authors: Lin Chun-Li , Wang Yu-Tzu , Chang Chun-Ming , Wu Cheng-Hsien , Tsai Wei-Heng
Published: February 2022

This study developed design criterion for patient-specific reconstructed implants with appearance consideration and structural optimization of various mandibular continuity defects. The different mandible continuity defects include C (from left to right canines), B (from 1st premolar to 3rd molar), and A (from 3rd molar to ramus) segments defined based on the mandible image. The finite element (FE) analysis and weighted topology optimization methods were combined to design internal support beam structures within different reconstructed implants with corresponding occlusal conditions. Five continuity mandibular defects (single B/C/A+B and combination of B+C and B+C+B segments) were restored using additive manufacturing (AM) reconstructed implant and bone plate to confirm reasonable design criterion through biomechanical fatigue testing. The worst mandible strength was filtered based on the material mechanics and results from segmental bone length, thickness, and height statistics from the established database containing mandible images of 105 patients. The weighted optimization analysis results indicated that the sizes and positions of internal supporting beams within the reconstructed C, B, and A+B implants can be defined parametrically through corresponding segmental bone length, width, and height. The FE analysis found that the weight variation percentage between the parametric designed implants and original core solid implants in the C, B, and A+B was reduced by 54.3%, 63.7%, and 69.7%, respectively. The maximum stress values of the reconstructed implant and the remaining bone were not obviously reduced but the stress values were far lower than the material ultimate strength. The biomechanical fatigue testing indicated that all cases using the AM reconstructed implant could pass the 250,000 dynamic load. However, condyle head, bone plate fracture, and bone screw loosening could be found in cases using bone plates. This study developed a design criterion for patient-specific reconstructed implants for various mandibular continuity defects applicable for AM to further clinical use.
3D-Printed Hand Splints versus Thermoplastic Splints: A Randomized Controlled Pilot Feasibility Trial
Authors: Waldburger Leonie , Schaller Romain , Furthmüller Christina , Schrepfer Lorena , J. Schaefer Dirk , Kaempfen Alexandre
Published: February 2022

In this randomized controlled pilot trial, we compared three-dimensional (3D)-printed made-to-measure splints to conventional custom-made thermoplastic splints. In a clinical setting, we evaluated their general applicability and possible benefits for immobilization in hand surgical patients. We included 20 patients with an indication for immobilization of at least 4 weeks, regardless of the splint design. Patient comfort and satisfaction were assessed with questionnaires at splint fitting, as well as 2 and 4–6 weeks later. The 3D splints were designed and printed in-house with polylactic acid from a 3D surface scan. Our data suggest that 3D-printed splinting is feasible, and patient satisfaction ratings were similar for 3D-printed and thermoplastic splints. The 3D splint production process needs to be optimized and other materials need to be tested before routine implementation is possible or more patients can be enrolled in further studies. Validated quality assessment tools for current splinting are lacking, and further investigation is necessary
Optimization of 3D Printing Parameters of Biodegradable Polylactic Acid/Hydroxyapatite Composite Bone Plates
Authors: Aihemaiti Patiguli , Jiang Houfeng , Aiyiti Wurikaixi , Kasimu Ayiguli
Published: February 2022

The building parameters of three-dimensional (3D) printed polylactic acid/hydroxyapatite (HA) composite bone plates were optimized by an orthogonal experiment, and the effects of the layer thickness, printing speed, filament feeding speed, and HA content on the bending strengths of the specimens were analyzed. The deformation characteristics of the specimens were studied by 3D full-field strain analysis, and the internal defects of the specimens were analyzed. The effects of different combinations of the process parameters on the cross-sectional shape of the single deposited line, printing temperature, and pressure of the molten material were further analyzed. The results showed that the factors affecting the bending properties were the layer thickness, printing speed, filament feeding speed, and HA content, successively. The optimized process parameters were an HA content of 10%, a layer thickness of 0.1 mm, a printing speed of 30 mm/s, and a filament feeding speed of 0.8 mm/s, and the optimized specimen bending strength was 103.1 ± 5.24 MPa. The deposited line with a flat section shape and width greater than the print spacing helped to reduce the porosity of the specimens. The process parameters that resulted in large high-temperature areas and a high extrusion pressure could better promote material fusion.
A CASE STUDY FOCUSING ON ENHANCING SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND LEARNING OF ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENTS WITH DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES THROUGH SELF-RELIANCE ACTIVITIES IN SPECIAL NEEDS CLASSES
Authors: Norie Fukuda  , Taishi Takezawa  , Tetsuro Takeda
Published: February 2022

We explored a case study focusing on social development and leaning of elementary school students with developmental disabilities through self-reliance activities in a special needs classes. Before the classes started, we conducted a series of assessment to identify special education needs of the students. Based on the results of the assessment, we set goals of the self-reliance activities for each student, and also considered contents and approaches of the classes. With self-reliance activities including small-group game sessions, the students showed meaningful improvement in their communication and interpersonal behaviors. We examined and analyzed the result of the case study, comparing such factors as student’s behaviors, contents and approaches of the self-reliance activities, and sharing information on special education needs of the students before and after the classes.
A MUSICAL DRAMA BASED ON FOLK TALES BY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SPECIAL NEEDS STUDENTS
Authors: Tomoko Ueno  , Michiko Kan  , Yukari Yamazaki
Published: February 2022

This paper discusses a musical drama based on Japanese folk tales presented by a junior high school special needs class and how these activities related to a community music therapy that promotes cultural growth in the local community. The results clarified two points. First, a musical drama that utilized the musical resources and local resources of special needs class students created relationships between regular class students, teachers, and local people, and empowered special needs class students. Second, the knowledge gained from community music therapy is also useful for inclusive education-oriented activities.
INVESTIGATION OF IMPROVING INDOOR AIR QUALITY METHODS AT EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS PROVIDING SERVICES FOR CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES IN VIETNAM
Authors: Hoang Thi Nho , Nguyen Thi Anh Thu
Published: February 2022

Indoor air quality has a significant impact on the health and working efficiency. There are studies on indoor air quality and the effect of indoor air quality on young children around the world and also in Vietnam. However, several studies have have not evaluated indoor air quality in classrooms at educational institutions that provide assistance to children with disabilities. As a result, the article focuses on investigating methods to improve indoor air quality at educational institutions providing services for children with disabilities, based on theoretical and practical studies on air quality; expert and teacher opinions on the feasibility and readiness to implement methods to improve air quality at intervention facilities for children with disabilities. The survey has 151 people that took part in it. The findings indicate that teachers in both inclusive and special schools have a basic grasp of classroom indoor air quality and its influence on children with disabilities. Teachers in specialized schools, on the other hand, rated classroom indoor air quality substantially worse than teachers in inclusive institutions. Furthermore, they highlighted steps done by their institution as well as additional innovative but particular ideas for improving classroom indoor air quality for children with impairments. Because this is a relatively recent problem in Vietnam, more methods to enhance classroom indoor air quality at educational institutions that provide services for children with disabilities are required.
Teachers’ awareness of climate change and how to respond: current status and influencing factors
Authors: Nguyen Cong Khanh , Phan Thanh Long , Nguyen Thi Cam Huong , Bui The Hop , Nguyen Thi Tham , Tran Thi Thiep
Published: February 2022

In this article, the authors present the results of a survey on perceptions of inclusive, integrated and specialized teachers (N = 3221) about climate change and how to respond to climate change, at educational institutions of 6 provinces\cities of Vietnam. The survey results showed that the majority of teachers surveyed had the correct awareness of climate change and how to respond to climate change. However, there is still a significant portion of misconceptions. This study generalizes the current status picture of teachers' perceptions of climate change, and at the same time points out a number of factors that affect teachers' perceptions. The results of this survey provide reliable information, which is very useful for policy development, supporting the development of educational programs and training on climate change for teachers in the future. The study also mentions some limitations and directions for further research.
Education of children with disabilities response to climate change and air pollution
Authors: Nguyen Thi Hue , Le Thi Thu Huyen
Published: February 2022

This article presents the most basic issues about climate change, air pollution and its negative impacts on human life, including children with disabilities. Climate change is a change of climate and of related components including oceans, land, Earth's surface, and the glacial atmosphere, such as increasing temperature, melting ice, and rising sea levels... Air pollution is a negative change of components in the air mainly due to smoke, dust, foreign gases, causing odors, reducing visibility, causing climate change and diseases for humans and animals. life and the natural environment. Climate change and air pollution are both the causes of disability, exacerbating disability levels and hindering society from supporting and helping people with disabilities in general and children with disabilities in particular. On the basis of research results, we propose educational measures to help children with disabilities cope with the impacts of climate change and air pollution. That is: - Educating children to practice to improve their health and maintain personal hygiene; - Educating children on environmental protection; - Educating children to recognize the risk signs of climate change and air pollution to prevent them; - Educating children how to ask for help when needed; - Educating children to know how to protect themselves against the impacts of climate change and air pollution.
Developing manuals for organizing educational activities on waste separation skills for students with intellectual disabilities
Authors: Cao Thi Xuan My , Le Vu Tuong Vy
Published: February 2022

Awareness raising and forming the habit of waste separation for students in general and those with intellectual disability are a way to influence right from the start to help children adapt well to the living environment and interact effectively in the social environment. Guidance on how to organize educational activities regarding waste separation was built to meet the goal of training waste separation skills for students with intellectual disability at special education institutions. The process of experimentation and survey shows that the material is really good quality and suitable for children with intellectual disabilities. This, thereby, affirms that students with intellectual disabilities will have a change in their understanding of waste separation if they have a chance to learn about and practise separating waste. They will become accustomed to as well as develop this habit on a daily basis, thus enabling them to contribute their part to the overall conservation of the environment.