bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CANONICAL FORMULAS FOR wK4
Authors: BEZHANISHVILI GURAM , BEZHANISHVILI NICK
Published: November 2012

We generalize the theory of canonical formulas for K4, the logic of transitive frames, to wK4, the logic of weakly transitive frames. Our main result establishes that each logic over wK4 is axiomatizable by canonical formulas, thus generalizing Zakharyaschev’s theorem for logics over K4. The key new ingredients include the concepts of transitive and strongly cofinal subframes of weakly transitive spaces. This yields, along with the standard notions of subframe and cofinal subframe logics, the new notions of transitive subframe and strongly cofinal subframe logics over wK4. We obtain axiomatizations of all four kinds of subframe logics over wK4. We conclude by giving a number of examples of different kinds of subframe logics over wK4.
The Peri/Postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS)
Authors: Loke Yuk Jing , Novakovic Boris , Ollikainen Miina , Wallace Euan M. , Umstad Mark P. , Permezel Michael , Morley Ruth , Ponsonby Anne-Louise , Gordon Lavinia , Galati John C. , Saffery Richard , Craig Jeffrey M.
Published: November 2012

The Peri/postnatal Epigenetic Twins Study (PETS) is a longitudinal cohort of 250 pairs of Australian twins and their mothers, who were recruited mid-way through pregnancy from January 2007 to September 2009. The study is centered on the developmental origins of health and disease paradigm (DOHaD) in which an adverse intrauterine environment predisposes the individual to complex disease in later life by reducing growth in utero and adversely altering developmental plasticity. Data concerning diet and lifestyle were collected from mothers during pregnancy, and samples of plasma and serum taken at 28 weeks’ gestation. We attended 75% of all births, at which time we collected multiple biological samples including placenta, cord blood, and neonatal cheek cells, the latter from 91% of pairs. Chorionicity was recorded and zygosity was determined by DNA testing where necessary. Approximately 40% of the twins are monozygotic, two-thirds of which are dichorionic. Twins were seen again at 18 months of age and repeat blood and cheek swabs taken where possible. Studies of gene expression and the epigenetic marks of DNA methylation have so far revealed that twins exhibit a wide range of epigenetic discordance at birth, that one-third of the epigenome changes significantly between birth and 18 months; shared (maternal) environment, genetic factors, and non-shared intrauterine environment contribute to an increasing proportion of epigenetic variation at birth, respectively, and affect tissues differently, and that within-pair birth weight discordance correlates with epigenetic discordance in genes associated with lipid metabolism, supporting an epigenetic mechanism for DOHaD.
Effects of lithospheric viscoelastic relaxation on the contemporary deformation following the 1959 Mw 7.3 Hebgen Lake, Montana, earthquake and other areas of the intermountain seismic belt
Authors: Chang Wu‐Lung , Smith Robert B. , Puskas Christine M.
Published: November 2012

The 1959 Mw 7.3 Hebgen Lake, MT, normal‐faulting earthquake occurred in an extensional stress regime near the Yellowstone volcanic field. Time‐dependent crustal deformation data following this major earthquake were acquired by precise trilateration and GPS surveys from 1973 to 2000 around the Hebgen Lake fault zone. Modeling the changes of baseline lengths across and near the fault reveals a lateral variation of transient rheology, in which the lithosphere is stronger near the Hebgen Lake fault zone than in the vicinity of the Yellowstone volcano system. The models also imply that the lower crust is stronger than the upper mantle, in agreement with results from studies of postseismic and post‐lake‐filling relaxations (<~100 years). In addition, evaluations of the postseismic motion produced by the Hebgen Lake and the 1983 Mw 6.9 Borah Peak, ID, earthquakes indicate that horizontal transient motion of up to ~1 mm/yr contribute significantly to the contemporary regional crustal deformation near the epicentral areas. For the eastern Basin and Range, ~500 km south of the Hebgen Lake fault, similar rheologic models were derived from the observed uplift associated with the Lake Bonneville rebound and were used to evaluate the postseismic deformation associated with six most recent paleoearthquakes of the Wasatch fault zone and three M ≥ 5.6 historic earthquakes of northern Utah. The results show ≤0.1 mm/yr of horizontal postseismic motion at present time that are within the horizontal uncertainties of continuous GPS velocity from the Basin and Range and significantly smaller than the contemporary extension of 1–3 mm/yr in the Wasatch Front.
Temperature dependent climate projection deficiencies in CMIP5 models
Authors: Christensen Jens H. , Boberg Fredrik
Published: November 2012

Monthly mean temperatures for 34 GCMs available from the CMIP5 project are compared with observations from CRU for 26 different land regions covering all major land areas in the world for the period 1961–2000 by means of quantile‐quantile (q‐q) diagrams. A warm period positive temperature dependent bias is identified for many of the models within many of the chosen climate regions. However, the exact temperature dependence varies considerably between the models. We analyse the role of this difference as a contributing factor for some models to project stronger regional warming than others by looking at the entire ensemble rather than individual models. RCP4.5 temperature projections from all GCMs for two time periods (2021–2050 and 2071–2100) are compared against a linear fit to the 50% warmest months from the respective q‐q plot for each model and region. Taken together, we find that in general models with a positive temperature dependent bias tend to have a large projected temperature change, and these tendencies increase with increasing global warming level. We argue that this appears to be linked with the ability of models to capture complex feedbacks accurately. In particular land‐surface atmosphere interactions are treated differently and with different degree of realism between models.
Evolution of microstructure and elastic wave velocities in dehydrated gypsum samples
Authors: Milsch Harald , Priegnitz Mike
Published: November 2012

We report on changes in P and S‐wave velocities and rock microstructure induced by devolatilization reactions using gypsum as a reference analog material. Cylindrical samples of natural alabaster were dehydrated in air, at ambient pressure, and temperatures between 378 and 423 K. Dehydration did not proceed homogeneously but via a reaction front moving sample inwards separating an outer highly porous rim from the remaining gypsum which, above approximately 393 (±5) K, concurrently decomposed into hemihydrate. Overall porosity was observed to continuously increase with reaction progress from approximately 2% for fully hydrated samples to 30% for completely dehydrated ones. Concurrently, P and S‐wave velocities linearly decreased with porosity from 5.2 and 2.7 km/s to 1.0 and 0.7 km/s, respectively. It is concluded that a linearized empirical Raymer‐type model extended by a critical porosity term and based on the respective time dependent mineral and pore volumes reasonably replicates the P and S‐wave data in relation to reaction progress and porosity.
Size‐resolved adjoint inversion of Asian dust
Authors: Yumimoto K. , Uno I. , Sugimoto N. , Shimizu A. , Hara Y. , Takemura T.
Published: November 2012

We expanded the variational assimilation system of a regional dust model by using size‐resolved inversion. Dust emissions and particle‐size distributions of a severe dust and sandstorm (DSS) in April 2005 were inversely optimized with optical measurements by the National Institute for Environmental Studies lidar network. The inversion results successfully compensated underestimates by the original model and increased the Ångström exponent around the DSS core by 13–17%, shifting the particle‐size distribution to finer. The a posteriori size distribution was distinctly different between eastern and western source regions. In the western regions, dust emissions in the 3.19 and 5.06μm size bins increased considerably, and the peak size shifted from 5.06 to 3.19 μm, whereas in the eastern regions, emissions of finer particles (bins 0.82–2.01 μm) increased. Differences in vegetation and soil type and moisture between eastern and western regions might explain the characteristics of the inverted size distribution.
β‐diopside, a new ultrahigh‐pressure polymorph of CaMgSi2O6with six‐coordinated silicon
Authors: Plonka Anna M. , Dera Przemyslaw , Irmen Peyton , Rivers Mark L. , Ehm Lars , Parise John B.
Published: November 2012

Minerals containing silicon in four‐fold coordination (IVSi4+) are common in crustal rocks, while those involving six‐coordinated silicon (VISi4+) dominate the Earth's lower mantle and determine its properties. Here we show a new type of phase transition determined by single‐crystal high pressure X‐ray diffraction experiments in a diamond anvil cell (DAC) using natural diopside (CaMgSi2O6), the archetypic member of clinopyroxene family, and one of the most abundant minerals of the Earth's upper mantle. Above 50 GPa at ambient temperature diopside transforms to a previously unknown post‐clinopyroxene phase,β‐diopside, with half of the tetrahedralIVSi4+ layers converted to octahedral VISi4+coordination. This phase is most probably a metastable state that is kinetically accessible at room temperature and the transformation is fully reversible on decompression. This new type of phase transition provides important clues to the exact mechanisms of breakdown of clinopyroxene in the Earth's mantle and may be expected to take place in other pyroxenes at pressures higher than previously explored.
Simulation of the global contrail radiative forcing: A sensitivity analysis
Authors: Yi Bingqi , Yang Ping , Liou Kuo‐Nan , Minnis Patrick , Penner Joyce E.
Published: November 2012

The contrail radiative forcing induced by human aviation activity is one of the most uncertain contributions to climate forcing. An accurate estimation of global contrail radiative forcing is imperative, and the modeling approach is an effective and prominent method to investigate the sensitivity of contrail forcing to various potential factors. We use a simple offline model framework that is particularly useful for sensitivity studies. The most‐up‐to‐date Community Atmospheric Model version 5 (CAM5) is employed to simulate the atmosphere and cloud conditions during the year 2006. With updated natural cirrus and additional contrail optical property parameterizations, the RRTMG Model (RRTM‐GCM application) is used to simulate the global contrail radiative forcing. Global contrail coverage and optical depth derived from the literature for the year 2002 is used. The 2006 global annual averaged contrail net (shortwave + longwave) radiative forcing is estimated to be 11.3 mW m−2. Regional contrail radiative forcing over dense air traffic areas can be more than ten times stronger than the global average. A series of sensitivity tests are implemented and show that contrail particle effective size, contrail layer height, the model cloud overlap assumption, and contrail optical properties are among the most important factors. The difference between the contrail forcing under all and clear skies is also shown.
Parameterization of contrail radiative properties for climate studies
Authors: Xie Yu , Yang Ping , Liou Kuo‐Nan , Minnis Patrick , Duda David P.
Published: November 2012

The study of contrails and their impact on global climate change requires a cloud model that statistically represents contrail radiative properties. In this study, the microphysical properties of global contrails are statistically analyzed using collocated Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) observations. The MODIS contrail pixels are detected using an automated contrail detection algorithm and a manual technique using the brightness temperature differences between the MODIS 11 and 12 μm channels. The scattering and absorption properties of typical contrail ice crystals are used to determine an appropriate contrail model to minimize the uncertainties arising from the assumptions in a particular cloud model. The depolarization ratio is simulated with a variety of ice crystal habit fractions and matched to the collocated MODIS and CALIOP observations. The contrail habit fractions are determined and used to compute the bulk‐scattering properties of contrails. A parameterization of shortwave and longwave contrail optical properties is developed for the spectral bands of the Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM). The contrail forcing at the top of the atmosphere is investigated using the RRTM and compared with spherical and hexagonal ice cloud models. Contrail forcing is overestimated when spherical ice crystals are used to represent contrails, but if a hexagonal ice cloud model is used, the forcing is underestimated for small particles and overestimated for large particles in comparison to the contrail model developed in this study.
Is the trend in chlorophyll‐a in the Arabian Sea decreasing?
Authors: Prakash Prince , Prakash Satya , Rahaman Hasibur , Ravichandran M. , Nayak Shailesh
Published: November 2012

Recent studies of satellite‐derived Chlorophyll concentrations (Chl‐a) in the western Arabian Sea (AS) have suggested an increasing temporal trend, but the length of the records used have typically been too short to resolve longer‐term trends, if any. Our analysis of a long term satellite ocean color data shows a change of trend in the summer chlorophyll for the western AS before and after 2003; Chl‐aconcentration was indeed increasing till 2003, but appears to be declining since then, indicating a secular multi‐year trend in Chl‐avariability. However, this trend is not uniform over the entire region. Analysis of wind, sea surface temperature (SST), Sea Level Anomaly (SLA) and thermocline depth, suggests that the declining summer monsoon chlorophyll‐a(Chl‐a) concentration may be due to increasing SLA in this region. The earlier observed biological changes in the western AS could be an artifact of the change in local winds and ocean dynamics, which may be a part of the natural long‐term variability.
Shallow gas accumulation in a small estuary and its implications: A case history from in and around Xiamen Bay
Authors: Hu Yi , Li Haidong , Xu Jiang
Published: November 2012

Various forms of shallow gas have been observed in seafloor strata, on the seabed and in the water column during acoustic profiling investigations in 2007–2009 in Xiamen Bay and adjacent areas. Acoustically transparent zones, acoustic turbidity and gas seepage can be seen in seabed strata, pockmarks and accumulation bodies have been found on the seafloor, and hummocky features and mushroom shaped gas signatures can be identified in the water column. This evidence shows that shallow gas is widely distributed in and around Xiamen Bay, due to degradation of the organic matter transported by the Jiulong River. The area covered by such features is roughly estimated at 150 km2, and methane flux is estimated to be 150 × 106 m3 assuming the thickness of gas bearing formations to be 1 m. This study shows that even small rivers flowing out onto a continent shelf contribute to recognizable methane flux and are linked to identifiable gas reservoirs in the shallow seabed. More detailed studies are required to understand the role of such systems as a component of the global carbon cycle.
Along‐strike variability of rupture duration in subduction zone earthquakes
Authors: El Hariri Maya , Bilek Susan L. , DeShon Heather R. , Engdahl E. Robert , Bisrat Shishay
Published: November 2012

Subduction zone earthquakes exhibit a wide spectrum of rupture times that reflect conditions on the megathrust fault. Tsunami earthquakes are examples of slower than expected ruptures that produce anomalously large tsunamis relative to the surface‐wave magnitude. One model explaining tsunami earthquakes suggests slip within patches of low rigidity material at shallow depths. Heterogeneous fault conditions, such as having patches of low rigidity material surrounded by higher strength material, should produce heterogeneous earthquake rupture parameters. Here we investigate along‐strike variation in rupture duration for 427 shallow thrust earthquakes (Mw = 5.0–7.0) in the Peru, Chile, Alaska, Tonga, Kuril, Izu, and Java‐Sumatra subduction zones to explore how heterogeneous seismic and tectonic characteristics, such as differences in sediment type, thickness, and roughness of subducting bathymetry, affect earthquake properties. Earthquake source parameters, including rupture durations, are estimated using multi‐station deconvolution of teleseismic P and SH waves to solve for earthquake source time functions, and all events are relocated using additional depth phase information. We classify events into shallow (≤26 km) and deep (>26 km and ≤61 km) groups based on the overall mean depth and focus on the longest duration events with moment normalized rupture durations of >1 standard deviation above the mean duration for each group. We find long‐duration events at all depths within the study regions except Peru and Chile. We find no correlation with incoming sediment thickness or type, and limited spatial correlation with regions of past tsunami earthquakes, regions of observed afterslip, and subducting bathymetric features.
Evaluation of clouds in ACCESS using the satellite simulator package COSP: Global, seasonal, and regional cloud properties
Authors: Franklin Charmaine N. , Sun Zhian , Bi Daohua , Dix Martin , Yan Hailin , Bodas‐Salcedo Alejandro
Published: November 2012

Cloud properties from the Australian Community Climate and Earth System Simulator (ACCESS1.3) are evaluated using the Cloud Feedback Model Intercomparison Project (CFMIP) Observational Simulator Package (COSP). CloudSat, CALIPSO, and International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP) observations are used to evaluate the modeled cloud cover, condensate properties, and cloud optical depths for two seasons. The global distribution of cloud in the model is generally well represented with maximum high cloud in the tropics and low cloud over the eastern edges of the ocean basins. The model captures the observed position of the midlatitude storm track clouds and the modeled cloud top heights compare well with the observations in the upper troposphere. However, there is a lack of modeled midlevel cloud in the tropics and midlatitudes. The average high cloud cover in the Tropical Warm Pool region shows good agreement with CALIPSO. However, the modeled radar reflectivities and lidar scattering ratios are biased toward lower values, suggesting that the ice water contents and particles sizes of these clouds in the model are too small. Over the Southern Ocean the modeled cloud cover is underestimated due to a lack of mid‐ and low‐level cloud. The low clouds over the Southern Ocean and the California stratocumulus clouds in the model have too little condensate and optical thickness and too much rain and drizzle. A sensitivity experiment showed that reducing the ice fall speeds improves aspects of the modeled cloud properties by increasing the frequency of occurrence of high clouds with large scattering ratios and optically thick low clouds. ACCESS1.3 has a reasonable representation of cloud. However, the underestimate of ice water content and particles sizes in high clouds and the too frequent occurrence of drizzle may impact the modeled cloud feedbacks and regional precipitation associated with current and perturbed climates.
Solutions for the diurnally forced advection‐diffusion equation to estimate bulk fluid velocity and diffusivity in streambeds from temperature time series
Authors: Luce Charles H. , Tonina Daniele , Gariglio Frank , Applebee Ralph
Published: November 2012

Key Points

A new equation is presented to analyze temperature time series from streambeds

Explicit solutions calculate both water flux and thermal diffusivity directly

Additional applications, error estimation, and validation are provided
Probing the origins of glutathione biosynthesis through biochemical analysis of glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase from a model photosynthetic prokaryote
Authors: Musgrave William B. , Yi Hankuil , Kline Dustin , Cameron Jeffrey C. , Wignes Jonathan , Dey Sanghamitra , Pakrasi Himadri B. , Jez Joseph M.
Published: November 2012

Glutathione biosynthesis catalysed by GCL (glutamate-cysteine ligase) and GS (glutathione synthetase) is essential for maintaining redox homoeostasis and protection against oxidative damage in diverse eukaroytes and bacteria. This biosynthetic pathway probably evolved in cyanobacteria with the advent of oxygenic photosynthesis, but the biochemical characteristics of progenitor GCLs and GSs in these organisms are largely unexplored. In the present study we examined SynGCL and SynGS from Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using steady-state kinetics. Although SynGCL shares ~15% sequence identity with the enzyme from plants and α-proteobacteria, sequence comparison suggests that these enzymes share similar active site residues. Biochemically, SynGCL lacks the redox regulation associated with the plant enzymes and functions as a monomeric protein, indicating that evolution of redox regulation occurred later in the green lineage. Site-directed mutagenesis of SynGCL establishes this enzyme as part of the plant-like GCL family and identifies a catalytically essential arginine residue, which is structurally conserved across all forms of GCLs, including those from non-plant eukaryotes and γ-proteobacteria. A reaction mechanism for the synthesis of γ-glutamylcysteine by GCLs is proposed. Biochemical and kinetic analysis of SynGS reveals that this enzyme shares properties with other prokaryotic GSs. Initial velocity and product inhibition studies used to examine the kinetic mechanism of SynGS suggest that it and other prokaryotic GSs uses a random ter-reactant mechanism for the synthesis of glutathione. The present study provides new insight on the molecular mechanisms and evolution of glutathione biosynthesis; a key process required for enhancing bioenergy production in photosynthetic organisms.
Instrumental lying by parents in the US and China
Authors: Heyman Gail D. , Hsu Anna S. , Fu Genyue , Lee Kang
Published: November 2012

The practice of lying to one's children to encourage behavioral compliance was investigated among parents in the US (N = 114) and China (N = 85). The vast majority of parents (84% in the US and 98% in China) reported having lied to their children for this purpose. Within each country, the practice most frequently took the form of falsely threatening to leave a child alone in public if he or she refused to follow the parent. Crosscultural differences were seen: A larger proportion of the parents in China reported that they employed instrumental lie‐telling to promote behavioral compliance, and a larger proportion approved of this practice, as compared to the parents in the US. This difference was not seen on measures relating to the practice of lying to promote positive feelings, or on measures relating to statements about fantasy characters such as the tooth fairy. Findings are discussed with reference to sociocultural values and certain parenting‐related challenges that extend across cultures.
Modelling of the pellet deposition profile and ∇B-induced drift displacement in non-axisymmetric configurations
Authors: Matsuyama A. , Koechl F. , Pégourié B. , Sakamoto R. , Motojima G. , Yamada H.
Published: November 2012

Drift displacement during density homogenization is modelled for hydrogen pellets injected into the Large Helical Device (LHD). The pellet ablation and deposition profiles are simulated for neutral-beam injection heated plasmas and are shown to reproduce well the main characteristics of the observed drift displacement for both low-field side and high-field side (HFS) injected pellets. The model describes the parallel expansion of ionized ablated pellet particle cloudlets (plasmoid) in non-axisymmetric magnetic configurations and the associated evolution of the plasmoid drift acceleration force exerted by the average magnetic field gradient over the plasmoid length. It is shown that, during the ablation and early homogenization phases, plasmoids are strongly accelerated towards the inverse direction of the local magnetic field gradient. In the case of the LHD, its direction and magnitude depend mainly on the pellet launching location with respect to the external helical coils. While such an initial drift—induced near the ablation region—is efficiently damped by plasmoid internal currents as soon as the plasmoid length becomes comparable to a toroidal connection length, a weak drift acceleration force is maintained over the whole homogenization time, whose direction depends on whether the confining magnetic field possesses a magnetic well or hill structure. Simulations show that, in a strong magnetic hill configuration like the LHD, this small but long-term drift becomes significant and results in a radially outward displacement of the mass deposition even for pellets injected from the HFS.
Three views of the “musical work”: bibliographical control in the music domain
Authors: Pietras Monika , Robinson Lyn
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the concept of the “musical work”, and its consequences for library/information provision.

Design/methodology/approach

Analysis of journal and monograph literature is supported by interviews with music editors, examination of documents, and self‐reflection on music cataloguing practice.

Findings

The nature of a musical work is shown to be complex, and influenced by many contextual factors. Phenomenological and ontological models can prove useful in understanding practical issues of information provision. The work of music editors has a strong relation to that of cataloguers and curators. Bibliographic models such as FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) can gain from, and contribute to, music information, through the centrality of the concept of “work”.

Research limitations/implications

The literature review is selective rather than comprehensive.

Practical implications

The study provides direct guidance for library/information practitioners in the music domain, and an insight into issues of relevance to information provision in any specialized subject.

Originality/value

The paper is a contribution to the literature on the application of philosophical and conceptual analysis to documents and bibliographic entities in specialized subject areas, and to domain analysis.
Early modern Oxford bindings in twenty‐first century markup
Authors: McCarthy Elizabeth , Welsh Anne , Wheale Sarah
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The Bodleian Binders Book contains nearly 150 pages of seventeenth century library records, revealing information about the binders used by the library and the thousands of bindings they produced. The purpose of this paper is to explore a pilot project to survey and record bindings information contained in the Binders Book.

Design/methodology/approach

A sample size of seven pages (91 works, 65 identifiable bindings) to develop a methodology for surveying and recording bindings listed in the manuscript. To create a successful product that would be useful to bindings researchers, it addressed questions of bindings terminology and the role of the library in the knowledge creation process within the context that text encoding is changing the landscape of library functions. Text encoding formats were examined, and a basic TEI (Text Encoding Initiative) transcription was produced. This facilitates tagging of names and titles and the display of transcriptions with text images.

Findings

Encoding was found not only to make the manuscript content more accessible, but to allow for the construction of new knowledge: characteristic Oxford binding traits were revealed and bindings were matched to binders. Plans for added functionality were formed.

Originality/value

This research presents a “big picture” analysis of Oxford bindings as a result of text encoding and the foundation for qualitative and statistical analysis. It exemplifies the benefits of interdisciplinary methods – in this case from Digital Humanities – to enhance access to and interpretation of specialist materials and the library's provenance record.
The effect of intrapreneurship on corporate performance
Authors: Augusto Felício J. , Rodrigues Ricardo , Caldeirinha Vítor R.
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the influence of intrapreneurship on the performance of companies.

Design/methodology/approach

The study develops and tests a theoretical model where the intrapreneurship is supported on the factors innovation, risk/uncertainty, risk/challenges, competitive energy, proactivity and autonomy, and the performance on the factors financial performance, growth and improvement and on the variable productivity. Based on a questionnaire, data from a sample of 217 medium‐sized Portuguese companies were obtained. The study used the confirmatory analysis method based on structural equation modeling (SEM).

Findings

The intrapreneurship has a multidimensional structure. This model proves its influence on the growth and improvement and the importance and explanatory power of this latent variable.

Research limitations/implications

The techniques used to verify the effect of firm size and the age periods has not been sufficiently explored and the direct effect of latent variables of intrapreneurship on performance was not assessed. This work contributes to the theory highlighting the importance of factors in intrapreneurship and the influence of the context in the model.

Practical implications

It was verified that the intrapreneurship has obvious effects on the measures of qualitative performance – growth and improvement. This is helpful for researchers looking for appropriate performance measures and for intrapreneurs aiming to get support for their decisions and evaluate their performance.

Originality/value

This study considers the separation of the propensity for risk in two latent variables and includes the autonomy to characterize intrapreneurship and demonstrates the importance of qualitative measures of performance perceived in the perspective of medium and long term.
Sustainability and supply chain infrastructure development
Authors: Ross Anthony D. , Parker Hamieda , del Mar Benavides‐Espinosa Maria , Droge Cornelia
Published: November 2012

Purpose

This study aims to examine logistics infrastructure, trade differences, and environmental and social equity factors, for a set of 89 countries.

Design/methodology/approach

Following recent work which uses secondary data sources for supply chain research at the country‐level, data were obtained from the World Bank and International Monetary Fund databases. Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was used to compute country‐level efficiencies and ANOVA was used to do regional comparisons.

Findings

The analysis shed light on country‐level dimensions of logistics infrastructure and trade performance. It also provided insights regarding environmental (e.g. CO2 emissions) and social equity (e.g. health expenditure) dimensions for different regions.

Research limitations/implications

Panel data rather than longitudinal data were used to draw the conclusions. A more exhaustive study could consider a multi‐year timeframe. A limited number of dimensions were examined. As the study was exploratory, further work could consider a more extensive number of dimensions.

Practical implications

The study has important implications for policy makers, since the attractiveness of various resource endowments like those considered here (environmental, social, supply chain logistics) can be seen to be associated with trade performance.

Originality/value

This is one of the few studies to explore efficiency differences (enacted through DEA and ANOVA analyses), differentiating the research from the usual country clustering approaches. It also contributes to the understanding of differences between countries from a macro perspective, which provides insights for firms intending to expand their supply chains.
Quality and the Individual
Authors: Sandelands Eric
Published: November 2012

This special issue of Personnel Review on “Quality and the Individual” is very different in style from the editor‐generated issues of this journal, but it has been
designed for a very particular purpose. In the rush towards the achievement of high levels of “quality” among organizations, however this is manifested, the effects on the individual have largely gone unnoticed. We are all aware of the high rates of failure among quality management initiatives, and what is becoming clear is that successful organizations are harnessing the talents of individuals, whatever their status, to the quality cause from its very early stages.
Forms of employee negative word‐of‐mouth: a study of front‐line workers
Authors: Harris Lloyd C. , Ogbonna Emmanuel
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The aim of this article is to supply grounded empirical insights into the forms of negative word‐of‐mouth by front‐line, customer contact employees.

Design/methodology/approach

The article adopts a qualitative approach through interviews with 54 front‐line employees in three retail organizations: food, clothing and electronic goods.

Findings

The paper finds four different forms of negative word‐of‐mouth behaviours which are labelled customer‐oriented, anti‐management/firm, employee‐oriented and anti‐competitor word‐of‐mouth. The paper shows how each of these behaviours varied in terms of the target audience (the intended listeners), the focus of attention (the focal point of comments), the motivation (the perceived rationale for the behaviour) and the extent to which employees perceived their own comments to be truthful.

Research limitations/implications

The article calls for an expansion of research horizon to incorporate a fuller understanding of the dynamics of employee (mis)behaviour in the workplace in relation to resistance, subjectivity, instrumentality and clandestine control of certain aspects of workplace dynamics.

Practical implications

The findings suggest that managers should be concerned with front‐line employee negative word‐of‐mouth especially because some of the examples which were uncovered are potentially damaging to both financial and non financial performance measures.

Originality/value

The article contributes insights into the neglected area of employee negative word‐of‐mouth. The article argues that the identification of the forms of employee negative word‐of‐mouth is an important step towards developing a theory of employee negative word‐of‐mouth that is especially pertinent to front‐line service work. The article develops a series of propositions which future researchers may find useful in advancing research in this area.
Men's sexual orientation and job satisfaction
Authors: Drydakis Nick
Published: November 2012

Purpose

This study seeks to investigate the differences in three aspects of job satisfaction – total pay, promotion prospects, and respect received from one's supervisor – between male heterosexual and gay employees in Athens, Greece.

Design/methodology/approach

To determine whether a job satisfaction gap exists, the job satisfaction of gay employees is compared to the job satisfaction of heterosexual employees after accounting for various asymmetries. The data were gathered as part of the Athens Area Study conducted by the University of Piraeus, University of Central Greece, and Panteion University of Social and Political Sciences.

Findings

Gay employees are found to be less satisfied according to all job satisfaction measures. Affect theory proposes that the extent to which one values a given facet of work moderates how dissatisfied one becomes when one's expectations are not met. Furthermore, the data enable us to estimate that gay employees’ job satisfaction is not associated more (as compared with heterosexuals’ job satisfaction) with adverse mental health symptoms. This finding is crucial given the rising interest between job satisfaction and life satisfaction. Finally, wage gaps against gay employees are found after accounting for basic asymmetries. Interestingly, however, the wage gaps grow for very dissatisfied employees and shrink for very satisfied employees.

Practical implications

As long as, the general patterns in Greece suggest that homosexual employees face labor market discrimination, gay employees will report being less satisfied at work. Actually, in this study, job satisfaction is associated with wage inequality.

Originality/value

This research initiates efforts to compare job satisfaction based on sexual orientation.
Silence in the sexual agenda of a UK probation service
Authors: Beckett C.
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to interrogate ways in which sex and sexual orientation are excluded from the agenda of work relationships in one probation service.

Design/methodology/approach

The research was conducted through conversational interviews with members of a team responsible both for supervision of colleagues and for development of supervisory practice. Straight and lesbian officers responded to a perceived lack of skills to effectively “work with” sexuality issues.

Findings

Responses lead to discussion of the discursive “silence” of sex, and to the specific positioning of lesbian identity. Specifically, it critiques approaches to supervision that do not explicitly value lesbian experience

Research limitations/implications

This small study does not include the voices of black or gay male officers. It also does not explore the experience of bisexuality.

Practical implications

The finding of this research can be used to support development of good supervisory practice.

Social implications

The paper sheds light on day to day interactions that “silence” experience of sexual orientation.

Originality/value

The paper draws on original research interrogating both lesbian and straight experience. In so doing it sheds light on both discursive practices of a sexual agenda and practice issues in supervision.
Diversity in the British NHS: the business versus the “moral” case
Authors: Johns Nick , Green Alison , Powell Martin
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the business case for ethnic diversity in the British National Health Service (NHS). It seeks to contextualise issues around diversity within the current political environment, and identify the barriers to diversity in the NHS. The business case has been very strongly argued as justification for introducing both managing diversity and equal opportunity initiatives – here the paper examines the inconsistencies of using that argument, and maintains that the only justification worth presenting is that based on (deontological) moral arguments.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper is conceptual in nature exploring the respective cases for diversity using a broad range of the available literature brought together as part of a rapid evidence assessment. It does so in order to make some far‐reaching claims about the future justifications for active diversification of senior management in key public sector institutions.

Findings

The distinctions between the business and moral cases are false, in that both have ethical reference points. However, the business case is not only difficult to translate to public sector institutions; there are also evidential problems with its adoption. In light of this the conclusion here is that the moral (deontological) case is the only one that has any long term value for proponents of diversity.

Originality/value

The value of this paper is that it examines the confusion that surrounds different cases for advancing diversity as a policy aim and presents a clear delineation of them. It also draws out some of the – perhaps deliberate – blurring of the cases and underlines the huge problems with this all too common approach. Ultimately, it suggests that morality (deontological) arguments have most purchase in public sector organisations.
Character centered leadership: Muhammad (p) as an ethical role model for CEOs
Authors: Beekun Rafik I.
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the leadership style of Muhammad (p) within a character‐centric framework as a useful alternative to the transactional, self‐centered model and the value‐neutral transformational approach that currently permeate business management. The author differentiates such perspectives from the character‐centered, moral approach to leadership suggested by the Qur’an and modeled by Muhammad (p), and proposes that this approach may be of practical use to CEOs.

Design/methodology/approach

A conceptual, comparative discussion of Muhammad's leadership style based on the primary Islamic sources is shown to have practical implications for the leadership process in management.

Findings

The current malaise in business leadership can be resolved by a new focus on character and on virtues.

Practical implications

The character‐centered, moral approach of Muhammad provides exemplars of virtues and behaviors that, if emulated by CEOs, may help pre‐empt potentially self‐serving, individualistic and narcissistic tendencies.

Originality/value

The leadership model of Muhammad has been applied to a number of arenas before, but this is the first attempt at explicating the Qur’anic emphasis on the role‐modeling aspects of his character (khuluqin azeem). When fully expounded, it is likely to offer a more virtue‐centric alternative to transactional and/or transformational approaches to leadership and their associated relativistic values.
Practical wisdom for management from the Islamic tradition
Authors: El Garah Wafa , Beekun Rafik I. , Habisch André , Lenssen Gilbert , Loza Adaui Cristian
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the special issue on practical wisdom for management from the Islamic traditions.

Design/methodology/approach

The guest editorial introduces the papers in this special issue, focusing on practical wisdom for management from the Islamic tradition.

Findings

Using multiple levels of analysis as well as both academic and practitioner‐oriented perspectives, this special issue demonstrates that the Islamic tradition offers valuable practical wisdom insights in multiple areas including leadership, human resource management, action learning, knowledge transfer and business ethics.

Originality/value

This issue represents the first exploratory contribution to the research on practical wisdom from the Islamic tradition, opening a new focus of research and contributing to management development.
4Es and 4 Poles model of sustainability
Authors: Agyekum‐Mensah George , Knight Andrew , Coffey Christopher
Published: November 2012

Purpose

The paper is conceptual in nature and explores the role and function of project management in the achievement of sustainability in the built environment by developing a 4Es (Economic, Effectiveness, Efficiency and Ethics) and 4 Poles (Economic, Social, Environmental and Technology) model of sustainability. The study also identifies that the existing debates on sustainability seem to marginalise project management's positive contributions to sustainable construction, as well as the importance of technology in the sustainability agenda.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper consists of a literature review on the concept of sustainability, the contribution of the built environment to the sustainability problem, and an intellectual discussion of a proposed model for achieving sustainable development in the built environment. The body of this paper is divided into three sections: part one reviews “what is sustainability”, part two discusses the current state of sustainability including the importance of technology, and part three discusses the 4Es and 4 Poles model.

Findings

This research establishes the importance of technology in the sustainable development agenda. The paper proposes a 4Es (project management model) and 4 Poles (poles or factors of sustainability) model as a holistic approach to achieving sustainable construction. In addition, this paper proposes an extension to the definition of sustainable construction or development, as the existing definitions seem to be vague.

Research limitations/implications

This research paper focuses only on sustainability in the built environment and sustainable development with reference to project management.

Practical implications

The proposed model uses a project management approach, which does not allow trade‐offs, but promotes integration of the 4 Poles. This will contribute to the achievement of sustainable construction at every level of a project or organisation.

Originality/value

The proposed model is new within project management and the built environment. It also promotes technology as a core factor in achieving sustainable development.
Property Journals Index 1990‐2000
Authors: Bakewell K.G.B.
Published: November 2012

Compiled by K.G.B. Bakewell covering the following journals published by MCB University Press:
Facilities Volumes 8‐18; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐18; Property Management Volumes 8‐18; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐18.
Property Journals Index 1990‐2002
Authors: Bakewell K.G.B.
Published: November 2012

Compiled by Indexing Specialists (UK) Ltd covering the following journals published by Emerald:
Facilities Volumes 8‐20; Journal of Property Investment & Finance Volumes 8‐20; Property Management Volumes 8‐20; Structural Survey Volumes 8‐20.
An analysis of the development of China Digital Library for Visual Impairment website
Authors: Wei Zhang , Lirong Song , Chunming Li
Published: November 2012

Purpose

Disabled people are often disadvantaged groups with varying special needs. Therefore, acquiring knowledge, improving information literacy, and participating in social activities becomes a survival and development problem for many disabled people. As an information dissemination centre, libraries should assume the responsibilities and obligations of providing knowledge aids for the disabled. This paper aims to introduce the China Digital Library for Visual Impairment website, which provides knowledge services for people with visual impairment, and to describe and discuss its background, its construction, initial achievements, and future prospects.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts a case study analysis method, which takes the website of China Digital Library for Visual Impairment (CDLVI) as an example, introducing its resources development, service manners, developing mechanism.

Findings

Based on the experiences of China Digital Library for Visual Impairment (CDLVI), the NLC will construct a perfect reading service system and knowledge network for the disabled, which provides personalized and convenient services, and creates good learning conditions for the whole special group of people with disabilities.

Originality/value

The paper provides an introduction to the CDLVI website, which provides services for people with visual impairment.