bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entrance of Exotic Pathogens into the Brain
Authors: Wang Gaiqing , Chen Haiyun , Yang Juan , Wang Jing , Yan Bo , Chen Minglei
Published: January 2025

CNS infections are life-threatening diseases caused by viral, bacterial,
parasitic, and fungal microorganisms, including meningitis, encephalitis, and brain
abscess. These infections are linked to significant illnesses and death rates. CNS is
characterized by a specific structure and function. Despite a unique system of brain
barriers and an autonomous immune system, CNS is very susceptible to
microorganisms, which may invade directly via the BBB, blood, or less frequently by
reverse axonal transport.
Harmful Effects of Metal Deposits in the Brain
Authors: Wang Gaiqing , Chen Haiyun , Yang Juan , Wang Jing , Yan Bo , Chen Minglei , Wu Shaoping
Published: January 2025

Metal deposits in the brain can lead to various harmful effects, which can
depend on factors such as the type of metal, its amount and location of deposition, and
the individual's overall health. These effects may include:
1. Neurotoxicity: Metals like lead, mercury, and arsenic can directly damage neurons
and interfere with their normal functioning, leading to neurological symptoms and
cognitive impairments.
2. Inflammation: Metal deposits can trigger an inflammatory response in the brain,
leading to tissue damage and exacerbating neurodegenerative processes. 3. Oxidative stress: Metals can induce oxidative stress, causing an imbalance between
free radicals and antioxidants in brain cells, which can lead to cellular damage and
dysfunction.
4. Impaired neurotransmitter function: Metals can disrupt neurotransmitter systems in
the brain, affecting communication between neurons and leading to cognitive and
behavioral changes.
5. Compromised blood-brain barrier: Some metals can weaken the blood-brain barrier,
allowing harmful substances to enter the brain more easily and exacerbating neuronal
damage.
6. Increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases: Metal deposition has been linked to an
increased risk of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's
disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
7. Cellular dysfunction: Metals can interfere with cellular processes and signaling
pathways, leading to cellular dysfunction and contributing to neurological disorders.It is crucial to minimize exposure to toxic metals through proper safety measures and
environmental regulations. If metal deposition in the brain is suspected or confirmed,
seeking medical attention is important to evaluate the extent of damage and determine
appropriate treatment strategies to mitigate harmful effects.
Reaction to Abnormal Metal Accumulation in the Brain
Authors: Wang Gaiqing , Chen Haiyun , Yang Juan , Wang Jing , Yan Bo , Chen Minglei
Published: January 2025

The immune response to metal deposits in the brain can vary depending on
the type of metal and specific circumstances. Generally, the immune system identifies
metal deposits as antigens and triggers immune cells to eliminate them.
The Role of Brain Vasculature and the Perivascular Space
Authors: Wang Gaiqing , Chen Haiyun , Yang Juan , Wang Jing , Yan Bo , Chen Minglei
Published: January 2025

The brain vasculature encompasses a network of blood vessels responsible
for supplying oxygen and nutrients and eliminating waste from the brain. This network
includes arteries, veins, and capillaries. The perivascular space is a fluid-filled region
surrounding these blood vessels within the brain, situated between the vessel walls and
the brain tissue. Functioning as part of the glymphatic system, the perivascular space
serves as a pathway for clearing waste products from the brain by facilitating their
transport along the blood vessels and subsequent drainage out of the brain.
Effect Factors of Meningeal Lymphatics (MLVs)
Authors: Wang Gaiqing , Chen Haiyun , Yang Juan , Wang Jing , Yan Bo , Chen Minglei
Published: January 2025

The regulatory mechanism for meningeal lymphatics is not fully understood
yet, but research is ongoing to uncover its functions and regulation. Several factors play
a role in regulating these vessels, including:
Circadian Rhythm: There is evidence suggesting that MLVs exhibit circadian rhythms
in their function. For example, studies have shown variations in the clearance of waste
molecules from the brain via MLVs based on circadian rhythms.
CSF Flow: The flow of CSF is intricately connected with MLVs' function. Changes in
CSF dynamics, such as pressure or flow rate, can influence the activity and
permeability of MLVs.
Astrocytes: Astrocytes, a type of glial cell in the brain, have been implicated in the
regulation of MLVs. They are known to play roles in maintaining brain homeostasis
and responding to changes in the brain microenvironment, which can affect MLV
function.
Signaling Molecules: Various signaling molecules, including cytokines, growth factors,
and chemokines, are involved in the regulation of MLVs. These molecules can
modulate the permeability, inflammation, and immune responses associated with
MLVs.
Immune Cells: Immune cells, such as macrophages and lymphocytes, interact with
MLVs and contribute to their regulation. These cells can influence the inflammatory
status and immune surveillance within the meninges, affecting MLV function.
Understanding the complex interplay among these factors is crucial for unraveling the
regulatory mechanisms of MLVs and their significance in brain health and disease.
Ongoing research aims to elucidate these mechanisms further and explore potential
therapeutic targets related to MLVs in conditions like neuroinflammation,
neurodegenerative diseases, and brain injuries.Circadian rhythm, CSF, Meningeal lymphatics vessels (MLVs),
Regulation, Signaling molecules.
A Study on Countermeasures Against Western Invasions After the Byeongin Yangyo : Focusing on 『Yungseo Chwaryo(戎書撮要)』
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee Do Hyun
Published: January 2025

This paper analyzes the strategies outlined in 『Yungseo Chwaryo(戎書撮要)』, a military treatise compiled in response to potential Western invasions after the Byeongin Yangyo(丙寅洋擾). The Byeongin Yangyo(丙寅洋擾) was the third foreign invasion Korea had faced, marking the first time the country encountered Western military power. Following this experience, the Korean court sought to enhance the defenses around Seoul and strengthen the military system. As part of these efforts, 『Yongseo Chwaryo』was compiled under the support of Shin Heon(申櫶). This text is distinct in that it frequently cites Qing(淸) dynasty military manuals instead of relying solely on the 『Jixiao Xinshu(紀效新書)』 and incorporates updated battle tactics. The response model formulated in this treatise focuses on selecting and training local militia, adopting a mountain fortress defense strategy, and engaging in small-scale guerrilla warfare against Western ships. The local militia was selected for courage and bravery, with an emphasis on realistic martial training and camp formation to build resilience. Stationing in mountain fortresses allowed for strategic defense by leveraging difficult terrain and fostering internal unity through a strong sense of community within the fortress. Refugees were required to provide a certain amount of food, ensuring sustenance during confrontations, and were encouraged to remain steadfast in their positions rather than flee. Regarding Western naval confrontations, the treatise covers weaponry from the 『Mubei Ji(武備志)』and tactics by Lin Zexu(林則徐) from the 『Haiguo Tuzhi(海國圖志)』. It suggests attacking the bow and stern of Western ships, where their guns were not positioned, and introduces guerrilla tactics on land involving war carts, multi-shot firearms, and poison bombs. Notably, the text’s attempt to locally produce percussion caps was quite progressive for the era, reflecting an advanced understanding of contemporary military needs.
A Study on the Poetic World of Kyungwa(敬窩) KimHyu(金烋)
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Koo Kyeong-a
Published: January 2025

This paper is a study that examines the life and poetic world of Kyeongwa(敬窩) KimHyu(金烋) through his poetry. KimHyu, who inherited the Toegyehak(退溪學), expanded his academic horizon after marriage by studying under Gyeongam(敬菴) No Gyeong-im(盧景任) and Yeoheon(旅軒) Jang Hyeon-gwang(張顯光). He demonstrated exceptional academic ability by passing the local examination at the age of 15 and the Jìnshìshi(進士試) at 31. However, he chose to live the life of an intellectual in seclusion. Kyeongwa's poetry is explored through three themes: reverence for Susung(Korean's traditional teacher), the pursuit of a life of ‘Anbinnakdo (安貧樂道, being content amid poverty and taking pleasure in acting in an honest way)’, and the academic achievement inspired by the ancient Confucian schola(千古聖). In “Reverence for Susung,” the focus is on poems that express his admiration for Jang Hyeon-gwang(張顯光). In “The Pursuit of a Life of Anbinnakdo,” the study examines the life Kyeongwa aspired to through his family learning and his relationship between mentor and disciple. “Academic achievement inspired by the ancient Confucian schola(千古聖)” explores the essence and material of the Tao that Kyeongwa sought to enjoy in his life of simplicity. One notable feature of the more than 450 poems left by Kyeongwa is the absence of social or compassionate poetry that criticizes the society of his time or consoles the lives of the people. Social criticism and compassion for the people are virtues that a statesman should possess, indicating that Kyeongwa, who aspired to live as a scholar, clearly understood his boundaries.
Research on Joseon-People books in the Collections of Tokugawa Ieyasu
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, LEE Eury
Published: January 2025

This study aims to examine the transmission of Joseon-people books in Japan after the Imjin War(壬辰倭亂), focusing on the nature and methods of acquisition of the book collections and three individuals, by investigating the Joseon books in the possession of Tokugawa leyasu(德川家康, 1542~ 1616), who was the most powerful figure at the time and the founder of the Edo(江戶) shogunate. The books taken from Joseon during the Imjin War both influenced Japan in the 17th century and reflect the publishing culture of the 16th century. Consequently, Joseon people books hold significant scholarly value, as they shed light on the histories of both countries simultaneously. First, I surveyed the entire collection of Joseon texts held by Ieyasu and traced the movement of these works over the course of their transmission. The findings revealed that Ieyasu’s collection underwent four episodes of dispersal during his lifetime and, after his death, was passed on to Edo Castle and the Gosanke(御三家). Some of the books that were sent to Edo Castle had already been lost by the time they were checked in the 18th century; of the items transferred to the Gosanke, all, except Owarihan(尾張藩), either scattered or were destroyed. The six collections in which these books exist were set to the minimum scope of the Ieyasu collection, and the collection of Joseon people’s was confirmed through seals in the collection of books and Naesagi(內賜記) among the Joseon biographies held here. Through this, at least six Joseon people’s books were identified, and most of them were 16th-century figures. In addition, as a result of examining their book acquisition methods to the extent possible, there were many printed editions, including Naesabon(內賜本, King-bestowed copies) using movable type, and in the case of Im Bo-sin(任輔臣, ?~1558), for instance, one can see his father-in-law Yi Hoe’s(李懷, 1488~1552) owner’s seal in certain volumes, suggesting that some books were transferred to him. Furthermore, all three of these individuals held government posts; notably, the regions in which they served as local administrators sometimes match the regions recorded in the woodblock registers for 『Ko-Sa-chwal- Yo(攷事撮要)』. It is plausible that they acquired books through personal connections with Ryu Hui-chun(柳希春, 1513~1577). These findings allow not only to examine the publication and distribution of Joseon books prior to the Imjin War but also to understand how Joseon books that had been taken during the war were adopted by Japan’s ruling classes. Looking ahead, if research continues to advance and is integrated with existing scholarship, we can expect to gain an even clearer understanding of the reception and significance of Joseon books in early modern Japan.
Elevated-c-MYC-expressing Fibrosarcoma Cells With Acquired Gemcitabine Resistance Remain Sensitive to Recombinant Methioninase: A Potential Clinical Strategy for a Recalcitrant Disease
Authors: MORINAGA SEI , HAN QINGHONG , MIZUTA KOHEI , KANG BYUNG MO , BOUVET MICHAEL , YAMAMOTO NORIO , HAYASHI KATSUHIRO , KIMURA HIROAKI , MIWA SHINJI , IGARASHI KENTARO , HIGUCHI TAKASHI , TSUCHIYA HIROYUKI , DEMURA SATORU , HOFFMAN ROBERT M.
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim: For second-line chemotherapy of soft-tissue sarcoma, gemcitabine is administered in combination with docetaxel. However, more effective treatments are required for advanced soft-tissue sarcoma, where the efficacy is limited. The purpose of the present study was to compare the efficacy of rMETase and gemcitabine against HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells and Hs27 normal fibroblasts, as well as to identify and effectively treat HT1080 cells that are resistant to gemcitabine associated with elevated c-MYC. Patients and Methods: Cell viability was measured with the WST-8 reagent. Four groups of in vitro tests were conducted involving HT1080 and Hs27 cells: gemcitabine alone, rMETase alone, and a combination of gemcitabine plus rMETase. Gemcitabine resistant cells (GR-HT1080) were established by culturing HT-1080 cells in increasing concentrations of gemcitabine, ranging from 0.016 nM to 16 nM over five months. Western immunoblotting was performed to measure c-MYC levels in HT1080 and GR-HT1080 cells. Results: Gemcitabine had an IC50 of 12.8 nM against HT1080 cells, 30.8 nM against GR-HT1080 cells, and 4.48 nM against Hs27 cells. The rMETase IC50 value for HT1080 was 0.75 U/ml. The IC50 value of rMETase for GR-HT1080 cells was 0.85 U/ml. The IC50 value for rMETase on Hs27 cells was 0.93 U/ml. Gemcitabine and rMETase demonstrated synergy in killing fibrosarcoma cells, but no synergy was observed on normal fibroblasts. The c-MYC level that was more than 5.1 times higher in GR-HT1080 cells compared to HT-1080 cells. Both the parental HT1080 cells and the GR-HT1080 cells had a similar high sensitivity to rMETase alone. Conclusion: rMETase may be used as a future clinical strategy to overcome gemcitabine resistance in sarcoma.
Impact of Changes in Psoas Muscle Index on Prognosis in Patients With Colorectal Liver Metastases
Authors: KUSUNOKI YUKINA , FUKUOKA TATSUNARI , SUGIMOTO ATSUSHI , TSUJIO GEN , YONEMITSU KEN , SEKI YUKI , KASASHIMA HIROAKI , SHIBUTANI MASATSUNE , MAEDA KIYOSHI
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim: Reduction in skeletal muscle mass during chemotherapy is associated with poor outcomes. This study investigated the impact of changes in the psoas muscle index (PMI) on the prognosis of patients with unresectable colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) undergoing chemotherapy, including subgroup analyses based on the initial treatment response assessment. Patients and Methods: We evaluated 47 patients with unresectable CRLM who underwent systematic chemotherapy and assessed changes in PMI to determine their prognosis. Results: Changes in PMI were significantly associated with the presence or absence of primary tumor resection and the chemotherapeutic responses to first-line chemotherapy. The PMI reduction group was significantly associated with poor prognosis in both overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with CRLM, and in both OS and PFS in the partial response (PR) group at the initial chemotherapy response assessment. Conclusion: Skeletal muscle loss at chemotherapy initiation was significantly associated with poorer survival in patients with unresectable CRLM. Maintaining muscle mass could serve as a new indicator for identifying patients with a PR at the initial chemotherapy response assessment for prognosis. Personalized interventions should be investigated to determine whether they can improve muscle mass and lead to better clinical outcomes.
Outcomes of Combined Atezolizumab Plus Chemotherapy in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients in Clinical Practice
Authors: NUMATA TAKESHI , NAKAMURA RYOTA , SHIOZAWA TOSHIHIRO , WATANABE HIROKO , OKAUCHI SHINICHIRO , OGARA GEN , TAMURA TOMOHIRO , KIKUCHI NORIHIRO , MIYAZAKI KUNIHIKO , HAYASHI SHIGEN , YAMASHITA TAKAAKI , KURISHIMA KOICHI , INAGAKI MASAHARU , SATOH HIROAKI , KABURAGI TAKAYUKI , ENDO TAKEO , HIZAWA NOBUYUKI
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim: Atezolizumab, one of the anti-PD-L1 antibodies, targets PD-L1 expressed on cancer cells and antigen-presenting cells. This immune checkpoint inhibitor is now commonly used in combination with chemotherapy. The objectives of this study were to confirm the treatment outcomes of combined atezolizumab plus chemotherapy, and to identify prognostic factors, with a particular focus on the impact of the site of metastasis in real-world clinical practice. Patients and Methods: A retrospective review of clinical information on non-small cell lung cancer patients who received combined atezolizumab plus chemotherapy from May 2018 to August 2024 at our 11 hospitals was conducted. Results: The 141 patients evaluated had a median progression-free survival of 8.0 months and a median overall survival of 19.0 months. Multivariate analyses showed that ‘absence of liver metastases’, ‘absence of adrenal metastases’, ‘first-line combined atezolizumab plus chemotherapy’, and ‘good performance status’ were associated with progression-free survival and overall survival. Immune-related adverse events were observed in 27.7% of patients, with grade 3 or higher in 9.9% of patients, and grade 5 in 2.1% of patients. Conclusion: Efficacy and immune-related adverse events associated with the combination of atezolizumab and chemotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer patients were comparable to previous clinical trials. To ensure that appropriate patients receive the most effective treatment, it is important to identify detailed prognostic factors, including clinical information, such as the affected metastatic organs. Continued research and further accumulation of knowledge in this area are eagerly anticipated.
Clinical Outcomes of Micropapillary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Treated With Radical Cystectomy
Authors: JOJIMA KAZUMASA , MINATO AKINORI , NOGUCHI HIROTSUGU , TSUDA YOJIRO , FUJIMOTO NAOHIRO
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim: This study examined the treatment outcomes of radical cystectomy (RC) for micropapillary subtype (MPS) bladder cancer treated at our hospital. Patients and Methods: Histopathological findings of RC specimens collected from 2003 to 2020 were evaluated. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) after RC, as well as the efficacy of chemotherapy in cases of recurrence, were retrospectively assessed. Results: Of 202 patients who underwent RC, seven (3.4%) had MPS bladder cancer. All seven patients underwent immediate RC without neoadjuvant chemotherapy. The median patient age was 58 years (range=52-71 years), and all patients were male. After RC, median RFS was 14 months (range=6-115 months), and median OS was 31 months (range=18-115 months). The clinical tumor stage was cT1 or lower in two patients (28.5%), cT2 in two patients (28.5%), and cT3 or higher in three patients (42.8%). No preoperative lymph node metastasis was observed. The pathological tumor stage was pT1 or lower in one patient (14.2%), pT2 in one patient (14.2%), and pT3 or higher in five patients (71.4%). The pathological lymph node stage was observed in five patients (71.4%). Although six of seven patients (85.7%) received adjuvant chemotherapy, all patients experienced relapse. The objective response rates of primary and secondary chemotherapy at relapse were both 33%. One patient received immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and maintained stable disease for 12 months. Conclusion: The recurrence rate after RC for MPS bladder cancer was high, and prognosis was poor.
Prognostic Significance of Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Patients With Unresectable Biliary Tract Cancer Undergoing Systemic Chemotherapy
Authors: SUZUKI HIDEO , KUWANO AKIFUMI , TAKAHIRA JUNRO , TANAKA KOSUKE , YADA MASAYOSHI , MOTOMURA KENTA
Published: January 2025

Background/Aim: The incidence of biliary tract cancers (BTC), including cholangiocarcinoma and gallbladder cancer, has been increasing worldwide. Approximately 70% of BTC patients have advanced disease at diagnosis, leading to a poor survival rate. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors, such as durvalumab or pembrolizumab, to gemcitabine plus cisplatin chemotherapy significantly improves survival rates, making triple therapy the current standard for first-line treatment of BTC. Few models with predictive value exist for BTC. Lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) is a relatively new inflammation-related score and translational biomarker and has prognostic value for survival of patients with other cancers. This study assessed the prognostic value of LMR in patients with advanced BTC and analyzed the risk factors associated with overall survival (OS). Patients and Methods: This prospective study enrolled 75 patients with advanced BTC who were treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapies at Aso Iizuka Hospital, Japan. The cutoff value of LMR for predicting 6-month survival was 3.27. Results: OS was longer for patients with high LMR compared with low LMR (median 32.4 months and 8.6 months, respectively; p=0.0069). Multivariate analysis identified LMR >3.27 [hazard ratio (HR)=0.427, p=0.0339] and objective response rate (HR=0.210, p=0.0116) as independent factors associated with OS. Conclusion: Despite some limitations, such as the single-center design and small sample size, the results of this study suggest a potential role for LMR in predicting survival outcomes for BTC patients treated with gemcitabine-based chemotherapies.
The feasibility and effectiveness of smartwatch device on the adherence to the home-based cardiac rehabilitation in patients with coronary heart disease: A randomized controlled trial. (Preprint)
Authors: Zhang Sisi , Wang Yuehui , Wu Jiahui , Ma Changsheng , Meng Xiaoping
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Digital technologies have the potential to address many of the challenges associated with the traditional center-based CR (CBCR), but the remote home-based cardiac rehabilitation(HBCR) model remains a challenge.

OBJECTIVE

This study is designed to investigate the feasibility, and efficacy of a smartwatch-facilitated HBCR model in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODS

It was a single-center, randomized, non-blind, and parallel-controlled study.
We recruited patients aged 18 years or older with coronary heart disease from a tertiary hospital in Jilin Province, China. The intervention group received a 3-month smartwatch-based HBCR program involving remotely delivered real-time feedback, supervision, and education. The control group received conventional HBCR. Adherence is the primary outcome of the trial, assessed by the Home-Based Cardiac Rehabilitation Exercise Adherence Scale. The secondary outcomes include cardiopulmonary function, measured by cardiopulmonary exercise testing, anxiety (General Anxiety Disorder-7), depression(Patient Health Questionnaire-9), and quality of life (36-Item Short Form Health Survey) at 3 months.

RESULTS

Between January 1, 2023, and December 30, 2023, 62 patients (mean age 59.93±10.06 years), of whom 33.3% were female and 66.% were male, were recruited and subsequently randomly assigned to the smartwatch group (n=32) or control group (n=30). No difference was detected in the baseline characteristics between the two groups. After the intervention, the subjects in the smartwatch group performed significantly better in peak VO2, home-based cardiac rehabilitation adherence, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and some other parameters than those in the control group.

CONCLUSIONS

This feasibility study showed that the smartwatch device was well-accepted and effective in supporting a home-based cardiac rehabilitation model for patients with coronary heart disease (CHD).

CLINICALTRIAL

Clinical Trials Registry:
ChiCTR2400088039; https://www.chictr.org.cn/bin/project/edit?pid=215602
GAMBARAN PERSEPSI BEBAN KERJA PERAWAT DI INSTALASI GAWAT DARURAT RUMAH SAKIT WILAYAH SLEMAN
Authors: Nirmalasari Dewi
Published: January 2025

Background : Nurses in the Emergency Department (ED) have a higher workload compared to nurses in other units due to the increase in patient numbers, insufficient nursing staff, complex cases, time demands, and limited facilities. Therefore, regular workload assessments are crucial to optimize performance and healthcare service quality.
Objective : This study aimed to understand the perception of nurse workload in the ED of hospitals in the Sleman region.
Method : This research was a descriptive analytical study with a cross-sectional approach involving 122 nurses in the ED of Sleman Regional Hospital. The study measured nurses' workload perception using Nursalam's (2017) nurse workload questionnaire, covering job activities, types of tasks, and time usage. Univariate analysis was used to describe respondents' characteristics and nurses' workload perception in four EDs in the Sleman region, including RSUP Dr. Sardjito, RSA UGM, RSUD Sleman, and RS PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping.
Result : The research findings indicated that the average perception of nurse workload in the ED of Sleman Regional Hospital was 30,8 (SD±9,2), interpreted as a moderate workload. Job activities emerged as the highest domain with an average of 11,3 (SD±3,7) and the statement item with the highest average was direct nurse-patient contact in the ED at 2,7 (SD±1).
Conclusion : The overall perception of nurse workload in the ED of Sleman Regional Hospital indicated a moderate workload. The results of this research could serve as a basis for the hospital's ED in formulating policies related to nurse workload.
Diversity and Ethnobotanical Significance of Wild Solanum Species in Odisha, India
Authors: Panda Taranisen , Mishra Nirlipta , Rahimuddin Shaik , Pradhan Bikram Kumar , Apollo Master , Mohanty Raj Ballav
Published: January 2025

Across the globe, individuals continue to rely on plants to meet fundamental human requirements, including sustenance, attire, housing, and healthcare. Among the diverse plant families, Solanaceae houses thousands of species worldwide, with many of them being wild and plays a pivotal role in preserving biodiversity and holds substantial ethnobotanical significance. Within this family, the Solanum genus holds particular significance in traditional medicine and human nutrition, boasting three major food crops: S. melongena (eggplant), S. lycopersicum (tomato), and S. tuberosum (potato), staples in daily diets worldwide. This study delves into the diversity of the Solanum genus in Bhadrak district, Odisha, India, with a primary focus on assessing its distribution and ethnobotanical importance. A field survey involving 97 respondents (76 male; 21 female) was conducted, involving interviews with local communities, traditional healers, and agricultural practitioners. The study documents six Solanum species with both food and medicinal applications. These species have been used to address a wide array of health issues, including asthma, coughs, bronchitis, liver problems, oral ulcers, rheumatism, skin diseases, tuberculosis, and toothaches. Various plant parts, such as leaves, roots, fruits, and seeds, are commonly employed in these remedies. Moreover, the Solanum species' remarkable adaptability to diverse environments highlights their resilience and ecological significance. The present findings serve as a platform for future research on Solanum's contributions to traditional medicine and ecological systems. Interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, indigenous communities, and policymakers, are essential for sustainable utilization of Solanum genus, paving the way for a more healthful and harmonious coexistence with our natural world.
Ultratight confinement of atoms in a Rydberg empowered optical lattice
Authors: Khazali Mohammadsadegh
Published: January 2025

Optical lattices serve as fundamental building blocks for atomic quantum technology. However, the scale and resolution of these lattices are diffraction-limited to the light wavelength. In conventional lattices, achieving tight confinement of single sites requires high laser intensity, which unfortunately leads to reduced coherence due to increased scattering. This article presents a novel approach for creating an atomic optical lattice with a sub-wavelength spatial structure. The potential is generated by leveraging the nonlinear optical response of three-level Rydberg-dressed atoms, which allows us to overcome the diffraction limit of the driving fields. The resulting lattice comprises a three-dimensional array of ultra-narrow Lorentzian wells over nanometer scales. These unprecedented scales can now be accessed through a hybrid scheme that combines the dipolar interaction and optical twist of atomic eigenstates. The interaction-induced two-body resonance that forms the trapping potential, only occurs at a peculiar laser intensity, localizing the trap sites to ultra-narrow regions over the standing-wave driving field. The feasibility study shows that single-atom confinement in Lorentzian sites with 3nm width, and 37MHz depth are realizable with available lasers. The development of these ultra-narrow trapping techniques holds great promise for applications such as Rydberg-Fermi gates, atomtronics, quantum walks, Hubbard models, and neutral-atom quantum simulation.
Sthenographie
Authors: Luhmann N.
Published: January 2025

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CoralMatrix: A Scalable and Robust Secure Framework for Enhancing IoT Cybersecurity
Authors: Vutukuru Srikanth Reddy , Srinivasa Chakravarthi Lade
Published: January 2025

In the current age of digital transformation, the Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized everyday objects, and IoT gateways play a critical role in managing the data flow within these networks. However, the dynamic and extensive nature of IoT networks presents significant cybersecurity challenges that necessitate the development of adaptive security systems to protect against evolving threats. This paper proposes the CoralMatrix Security framework, a novel approach to IoT cybersecurity that employs advanced machine learning algorithms. This framework incorporates the AdaptiNet Intelligence Model, which integrates deep learning and reinforcement learning for effective real-time threat detection and response. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the framework, this study utilized the N-BaIoT dataset, facilitating a quantitative analysis that provided valuable insights into the model's capabilities. The results of the analysis demonstrate the robustness of the CoralMatrix Security framework across various dimensions of IoT cybersecurity. Notably, the framework achieved a high detection accuracy rate of approximately 83.33%, highlighting its effectiveness in identifying and responding to cybersecurity threats in real-time. Additionally, the research examined the framework's scalability, adaptability, resource efficiency, and robustness against diverse cyber-attack types, all of which were quantitatively assessed to provide a comprehensive understanding of its capabilities. This study suggests future work to optimize the framework for larger IoT networks and adapt continuously to emerging threats, aiming to expand its application across diverse IoT scenarios. With its proposed algorithms, the CoralMatrix Security framework has emerged as a promising, efficient, effective, and scalable solution for the dynamic challenges of IoT Cyber Security.
Redes y relaciones Europa-América
Authors: Imízcoz Beunza José María , Pereyra Osvaldo Víctor
Published: January 2025

El presente volumen de la colección HisMundI: Redes y relaciones Europa-América tiene como objetivo presentar al público especializado y al general investigaciones centradas en la utilización del paradigma relacional. Su propósito ha sido el de adentrarnos en la propia construcción de estas investigaciones realzando así el objeto y su problemática. Hemos querido, de este modo, concentrar esfuerzos en la discusión de la aplicabilidad de esta matriz teórico-analítica para repensar las interrelaciones al interior de los grupos sociales complejos en la Modernidad. Más que un simple manual o recetario, se ofrece al posible lector un abanico variopinto de abordajes concretos, y reflexiones sobre una diversidad de problemas y temporalidades, abarcando el espacio Atlántico y sus estrechas conexiones
The importance of strategic financial management practices for small and medium enterprises in emerging markets
Authors: Mutambara Alice , Kader Abudulla Dawood
Published: January 2025

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play a key role in advancing the growth, and performance of SMEs especially in emerging markets like Zimbabwe (Musabayana et al., 2023). In recent years SMEs in emerging markets have failed to embrace strategic financial management practices (SFMP) considered a key driver to business growth (Dlamini et al., 2023). Hence, the aim of the study was to assess the importance of SFMP in emerging markets employing the mixed methods design that includes the quantitative, and qualitative methods gathering data from a target population of 640 SMEs selected from various sectors. Data was gathered from a sample of 240 participants using the questionnaire and 21 participants using open-ended interviews respectively. Quantitative data was analysed using descriptive statistics while cloud-maps analysed qualitative data. The study findings revealed that SFMPs were critically important for decision-making as they assist stakeholders and owner-managers in the development of the business’ vision, and mission statement, and preparation of financial management systems that enhance performance. SFMPs were also important for planning, budgeting, and decision-making. Drawing from the notable critical importance of vision and mission statements, the study recommended that every SME must develop a vision and mission statement as a priority to chart a way forward. The study finally recommended that similar studies be conducted in developing countries to promote the growth and performance of SMEs and also adds evidence to the corpus of literature that strategic financial management is important for SME performance.
Assessment of the Usability of the Linkage between GLORIA and Sentinel-2 Imagery for the Surveillance of Algal Blooms in Freshwater Ecosystems
Authors: Nam Gibeom , Choi Sunghwa , Hwang Euiho , Kang Kimook , Kim JinGyeom , Yoon DongHyeon
Published: January 2025

Due to the recent anomalous climatic conditions, the mean summer temperature in Korea for the current year reached 25.6°C, marking the highest temperature recorded since 1973. Concurrently, the incidence of large-scale green algal blooms has escalated beyond the typical frequency in the four principal river systems. The Ministry of Environment has instituted a water quality monitoring network aimed at gathering data pertinent to water quality assessment and regulatory measures; however, the reliance on discrete point data imposes constraints on comprehending the spatial distribution and proliferation of green algae. Techniques for remote monitoring of green algae utilizing satellite imagery may serve as an alternative or complementary resource to conventional point-based water quality assessments. In the present study, we devised and critically assessed an algorithm for the remote estimation of freshwater chlorophyll-a concentrations through the analysis of Sentinel-2 satellite data. Given the challenges associated with field data collection, the GLORIA dataset was employed, and three variations of the CatBoost algorithm were developed based on different input variables, with their effectiveness concerning Sentinel-2 satellite data subjected to evaluation. Among the three algorithms, the variant that was trained utilizing variables such as band ratio and spectral shape was contrasted with 76 field measurements of surface chlorophyll-a, demonstrating a commendable accuracy with an R value of 0.79, root mean square error of 10.1 mg/m3 when applied to the GLORIA dataset. The chlorophyll-a quantification algorithm predicated on Sentinel-2 satellite data, which was developed in this study, holds the potential to be utilized effectively for collaborative management and responsive measures regarding green algae by providing objective insights into the prevalence of green algae across extensive areas, temporal trends, and localized hotspots.
GeoAI Dataset for Urbanized Area Segmentation from Landsat 8/9 Satellite Imagery and GEMS
Authors: Gong Sung-Hyun , Jung Hyung-Sup , Kim Geun-Han , Han Geun-Hyouk , Choi Il-Hoon , Hong Jin-Sung
Published: January 2025

In South Korea, air pollution has emerged as a pressing social issue, necessitating data-driven approaches to monitor sources of air pollutants. This study constructed a GEO AI dataset for detecting air pollution sources in urbanized areas, utilizing Landsat 8/9 satellite imagery, Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer geostationary satellite data, and air quality monitoring network data. The dataset is optimized for semantic segmentation tasks, including labeled data for urban area segmentation, and is designed to enable precise detection of pollution sources within urban regions by integrating satellite imagery and air quality information. Using this dataset, we applied a modified U-Net model to classify pollutant sources in urbanized areas, achieving high performance with an mIoU of 0.8592 and pixel accuracy of 0.9433. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the GEO AI dataset as a tool for identifying and managing major pollution sources, providing foundational data for air quality monitoring and policy development across South Korea and East Asia. With further integration of additional air pollution data, this dataset is expected to contribute to long-term air quality management and the mitigation of health impacts associated with pollution.
GeoAI Dataset for Training a Deep Learning-based GEMS Snow Detection Model
Authors: Yu Jin-Woo , Jung Jun-Hyeok , Kang Kyoung-Hee , Lee Yong-Mi , Jung Hyung-Sup
Published: January 2025

The Geostationary Environment Monitoring Spectrometer (GEMS) observes air quality across East Asia from an altitude of approximately 36,000 km, analyzing the spatiotemporal distribution of atmospheric pollutants that spread beyond localized regions. GEMS currently provides 21 core air quality-related products, most of which are derived from Level 1C data, which has undergone geometric and radiometric correction. For enhanced accuracy in air quality analysis, precise surface reflectance estimation is essential. However, high-reflectance elements, such as snow, interfere with the accurate estimation of radiance values, necessitating precise detection of such areas. Despite this, GEMS relies solely on the ultraviolet and partial visible bands, lacking the infrared bands crucial for snow detection, and it has no proprietary snow detection algorithm, instead utilizing near-real-time ice and snow extent data from the U.S. National Snow and Ice Data Center. Recently, deep learning techniques have shown potential in image processing, outperforming traditional algorithms, which could address these limitations. However, there is currently no deep learning training dataset available for snow detection specifically for GEMS. To address this issue, this study developed a GeoAI dataset for training a deep learning-based snow detection model for GEMS. In this research, we constructed input data using GEMS Level 1C data and generated label data based on GEMS, Advanced Meteorological Imager, and MODIS snow cover data. The snow detection dataset developed in this study is expected to address the snow detection limitations of GEMS, providing foundational data to enhance the reliability of future geostationary satellite-based air quality research.
The Effect of Audit Burden on Subsequent Tax Evasion
Authors: Hageman Amy M. , LaMothe Ethan G. , Marshall Mary E.
Published: January 2025

Audited taxpayers can be compelled to expend both monetary and nonmonetary resources during an audit, irrespective of compliance levels. We refer to these audit-related expenditures as “audit burden,” and examine how they impact subsequent compliance decisions. Motivated by cost-loss framing theory, we predict audit burden influences individuals who were initially noncompliant (compliant) on an audited return to subsequently increase (decrease) compliance. Consistent with hypotheses, results from our first experiment suggest burdensome audits deter noncompliance for those who evaded, but also precipitates noncompliance for initially compliance taxpayers. A second experiment shows results are robust to alternative operationalizations of audit burden. Mediation analysis from our third experiment suggests the effect of audit burden results from differences in how groups respond to the perceived expenditure of audit burden. Finally, results from our fourth and final experiment suggest a simple apology can weaken the compliance-reducing effect of burdensome audits on initially compliant individuals.

Data Availability: Data are available from the authors upon request.

JEL Classifications: H26.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors and the prevention of cirrhosis among patients with type 2 diabetes
Authors: Pradhan Richeek , Yin Hui , Lu Sally , Sebastiani Giada , Yu Oriana , Suissa Samy , Azoulay Laurent
Published: January 2025

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) and sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors, separately compared with dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, are associated with a reduced risk of cirrhosis and other adverse liver outcomes among patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: With an active comparator, new user approach, we conducted a cohort study using the United Kingdom Clinical Practice Research Datalink linked with hospital and national statistics databases. Cox proportional hazards models employing propensity score fine stratification weighting were utilized to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for cirrhosis (primary outcome), and decompensated cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and liver-related mortality (secondary outcomes).

RESULTS: In the first cohort comparing 25,516 patients starting GLP-1 RAs and 186,752 starting DPP-4 inhibitors, GLP-1 RAs were not associated with the incidence of cirrhosis (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.68 to 1.19) or the secondary outcomes. In a separate cohort comparing 33,161 patients starting SGLT-2 inhibitors and 124,431 starting DPP-4 inhibitors, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a reduced incidence of cirrhosis (HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.46 to 0.90, as also decompensated cirrhosis (HR 0.74, 95% CI 0.54 to 1.00) but not a lower risk of hepatocellular carcinoma or liver-related mortality.

CONCLUSIONS: In patients with type 2 diabetes in the UK, GLP-1 RAs were not associated with a lower risk of cirrhosis compared to DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes. However, SGLT-2 inhibitors were associated with a lower risk of cirrhosis compared to DPP-4 inhibitors.
Work ability following breast cancer – the MyHealth randomized controlled trial
Authors: Horsbøl Trine A. , Saltbæk Lena , Urhammer Caroline , Karlsen Randi V. , Johansen Christoffer , Bidstrup Pernille E. , Høeg Beverley L. , Zoffmann Vibeke , Belmonte Federica , Andersen Ingelise , Friberg Anne S. , Svendsen Mads N. , Christensen Helle G. , Glavicic Vesna , Nielsen Dorte L. , Dalton Susanne O.
Published: January 2025

Background and purpose: We previously demonstrated positive effects on quality of life and mental health following breast cancer when comparing a nurse-led follow-up program without scheduled visits (MyHealth) to regular follow-up. This study aims to examine whether MyHealth also positively impacts self-reported work ability.
Patients/material and methods: A total of 288 patients, potentially active on the labour market, were randomized to MyHealth or control follow-up after primary treatment for early-stage breast cancer (2017–2019). MyHealth included individual self-management sessions, electronic symptom monitoring, and assistance with navigating healthcare services. Control follow-up consisted of biannual outpatient visits with a physician. Linear mixed-effect models were applied to evaluate the effect of MyHealth on self-reported work ability at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months after randomization as measured by the Work Ability Score (WAS).
Results: Work ability increased significantly in both groups during the first 6 months (mean WAS increase MyHealth: 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.26; 2.02 and control: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.17; 1.97) and continued to increase slightly but non-significantly (p-values > 0.13) until end of follow-up at 36 months. Improvement was especially pronounced among patients reporting poor work ability at baseline. Differences in mean WAS between patients in MyHealth and control follow-up were non-significant and close to zero at all time points (–0.21 to 0.48).
Interpretation: The MyHealth follow-up program had no additional effect on self-reported work ability compared to regular follow-up. Future interventions should target patients with poor work ability and include components specifically designed to enhance work ability.
Effect of femtosecond laser processing parameters on microstructures and wetting properties of copper surface
Authors: Huang Helang , Zuo Pei , Li Fang , Tian Hong , Hu Lifei , Zhu Di , Liu Tongfeng , Zhao Zhongze
Published: January 2025

In this work, the ablation characteristic, surface structure, and wetting property of the femtosecond laser-processed copper (Cu) surface are systematically studied. With the increase of laser pulse number, the area of the ablation crater increases and then tends to be stable, the period (0.62λ ∼ λ) of the generated ripple structures decreases, and the area of the periodic ripple structures in the Cu ablation crater first increases and then decreases. With the increase in laser fluence, the area of the ablation crater slightly increases, the period of the generated ripple structures varies oscillatively, and the area of the periodic ripple structures in the Cu ablation craters increases. Different columnar structures on the Cu surface are obtained through femtosecond laser cross-scanning processing. The height of columnar structures basically increases with the increase in laser power, laser scanning times, and laser scanning spacing. The wetting properties of the Cu columnar structure surfaces are also investigated. It reveals that the droplet contact angle obviously decreases with the increase in laser power and laser scanning times, and increases with the increase in laser scanning spacing. The variation of droplet contact angle on the laser-processed Cu surface is attributed to the different columnar structures and their different heights. It also reveals that the Cu surface changes from original hydrophobic to superhydrophilic with a contact angle of 8.9°. This work indicates the ability of femtosecond laser processing in regulating micro/nanostructure and wetting property of the Cu surface, which can be applicable to the surface treatment and performance control of other metallic materials.