bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of the bull genotype on the morphological composition of the carcass
Authors: Yuldashbaev Yu. A. , Kosilov V. I. , Kubatbekov T. S. , Salikhov A. A. , Kalyakina R. G.
Published: April 2022

The article presents the results of studying the morphological composition of the carcass of bull-calves of different directions of productivity. The object of the study was bulls of the Red Steppe (I group), Simmental (II group) and Kazakh white-headed breeds (III group). During the control slaughter of three bulls from each group at the age of 18 months, the morphological composition of the right half-carcasses of young animals of each genotype was studied using the VASHNIL, VISH, VNIIMP method. At the same time, the mass of the half-carcass, absolute and relative masses of pulp, muscle and adipose tissue, bones and connective tissue formations were established. The arithmetic mean, the mean square deviation, and the coefficient of variation were determined. Indicators of variation statistics were calculated using the guidelines of N.A. Plokhinsky. The reliability of indicators was determined using Student’s t-test. When studying the morphological composition of the half carcass, it was found that the absolute weight of the pulp in bulls of the red steppe breed was 87.8 kg, relative — 76.4%, young animals of the Simmental breed, respectively, 104.0 kg and 77.6%, animals of the Kazakh whiteheaded breed — 102, 3 kg and 79.2%. The yield of muscle tissue in the bulls of the experimental groups was, respectively, 76.3 kg and 66.4%, 91.5 kg and 68.3%, 90.6 kg and 70.1%,respectively, the output of adipose tissue was 11.5 kg and 10. 0%, 12.5 kg and 9.3%, 11.7 kg and 9.1%, bone yield — 22.9 kg and 19.9%, 24.8 kg and 18.5%, 17.8 kg and 17.8%.
Biotechnical methods for increasing productivity and blood biochemical parameters of broiler chickens of the Ross 508 cross
Authors: Vyaizenen G. N. , Razaev S. V. , Popova N. V. , Golovei V. V. , Vyaizenen A. G. , Barashkov A. E. , Aldarova E. V.
Published: April 2022

Relevance. The article discusses the possibilities of using amino acids (glycine, methionine, glutamic acid) and rosehip flour, passed through a laser beam in a mounted (spatial) modulator, as biocorrectors. Air ionization was carried out during the subsequent LLLT. Among the factors that determine the way out of the current situations at the regional level, it is necessary to note the biotechnical method of influencing the organism of broilers of the Ross 508 cross of the Scottish company (Ross Breeders Ltd New bridge Scotland). Their use improved the state of carbohydrate, protein, fat, amino acid and vitamin metabolism, caused functional activation of the digestive system in it, along with an increase in enzyme, immune and hormonal systems, it made it possible to more fully realize the level of meat productivity, improve some biochemical blood parameters.Results. Biotechnical methods (AI, LILI, rosehip flour) of influence on the organism of broiler chickens make it possible to economically use compound feed, stimulate growth and development, and increase their live weight from one week of age. In connection with the use of biotechnical methods on the body of the bird, some biochemical parameters of the blood have improved.
Integrated protection of the Galega orientalis on sod-podzolic soil
Authors: Vasilieva T. V. , Vasilieva A. S.
Published: April 2022

The Galega orientalis, growing in one place for many years in a row, accumulates many different diseases and insect pests in its agrobiocenosis and the seed productivity of the crop decreases, so comprehensive protection of crops is relevant. The accounting platforms were laid on the experimental field of the Vologda State Agricultural Academy in 2012 on the Gale variety. The soil of the site is sod-slightly podzolic, medium loamy, with a capacity of the arable horizon of 20–22 cm and a humus content of 2.6%. Observations of diseases and pests were carried out during the entire growing season of the Galega orientalis — from May to September once a decade. The collection of insect pests was carried out with an entomological net, based on samples in 10 strokes, which corresponded to the density of insects per 1 m2. Diseases such as peronosporosis, powdery mildew and rust with an average number of 5–9 specimens per 1 m2 were detected on Galega orientalis. The pests were dominated by nodule weevils of the genus Sitona, clover seed eaters of the genus Apion and grass bugs, with a number of more than 10 specimens per 1 m2. The integrated protection of the eastern goat patch included weeding of experimental plots from weeds, spraying of crops: from diseases in the regrowth phase of the eastern goat patch — with the fungicide "Falcon" with a consumption rate of 0.6 l/ha, from pests in the budding phase of the culture — with the microbiological preparation "Bitoxibacillin" with consumption rates of 2, 3 and 4 kg /ha. A sufficiently high efficiency of the fungicide "Falcon", CS (suspension concentrate) with a consumption rate of 0.6 l/ha — 80.9–91.7% has been established. The effectiveness of the drug "Bitoxibacillin" with a consumption rate of 4 kg / ha was 89.5–92.5%.
ОЦІНКА ОСОБЛИВОСТЕЙ РОСТУ І РОЗВИТКУ ГІБРИДІВ СПАРЖІ ЛІКАРСЬКОЇ В УМОВАХ ЛІСОСТЕПОВОЇ ЗОНИ УКРАЇНИ
Authors: Ivchenko Т. V. , Lyaluk О. S. , Mozgovska A. V.
Published: April 2022

Мета – дослідити вплив сортових особливостей 23 районованих і перспективних гібридів спаржі лікарської на ріст і розвиток рослин за вирощування в умовах Лісостепової зони за без гребеневої технології на краплинному зрошенні. Методи – загальнонаукові, спеціальні польові багаторічні та короткострокові досліди, лабораторні, розрахункові, статистичні. Результати. На закладеному у 2019 р. полігоні екологічного випробування перспективних гібридів спаржі лікарської проведено оцінку росту і розвитку рослин І–ІІІ років вирощування за безгребеневої технології на зрошенні в умовах Лісостепової зони. За результатами фенологічних спостережень за фазами розвитку рослин 23 гібридів спаржі лікарської визначено гібриди з раннім, середнім і пізнім строками відростання, що дозволяє надавати виробництву рекомендації стосовно організації конвеєра безперебійного виробництва спаржі зеленої впродовж тривалого періоду. Початок відростання гібридів спаржі розпочинався за наступних середньодобової та мінімальної температур на поверхні ґрунту: ранні – > 10 ºС та -1- 0 ºС; середні – > 10 ºС та > 4 ºС; пізні – за стабільних температур > 15 ºС та мінімальної температури на поверхні ґрунту >5º С. З метою розробки моделі оптимального гібрида для виробництва спаржі зеленої в умовах в Лісостеповій зоні України за допомогою використання функцій кластерного аналізу проаналізовано індекси 27 показників оцінки росту й розвитку рослин І–ІІІ років вирощування. Завдяки цьому генотипи із подібною нормою реакції було кластеризовано на групи. Такі гібриди як Apollo (Walker Brothers Inc.), Gijnlim та Аvalim (Limgroup B.V), Guelph Equinox (OAC of the University of Guelph), Vittorio (Blumen) за рівнем врожайності суттєво перевищили гібрид Aspalim (контроль) та увійшли до спільного кластера. За допомогою методу множинного регресійного аналізу розраховано рівняння залежності врожайності від кількісних ознак рослин. Установлено, що врожайність спаржі зеленої ІІІ-го року вирощування має функціональні зв’язки з такими ознаками, як кількість та висота пагонів рослин спаржі в кінці І року вегетації.
ПЕРСПЕКТИВНІСТЬ КУЛЬТИВУВАННЯ НОВИХ ГАРБУЗОВИХ КУЛЬТУР У НИЗИННІЙ ЗОНІ ЗАКАРПАТТЯ ЗА РІЗНИХ СПОСОБІВ ВИРОЩУВАННЯ
Authors: Popovych H. B. , Sadovska N. P. , Hamor A. F.
Published: April 2022

Мета роботи полягала у вивченні впливу окремих елементів технології вирощування малопоширених гарбузових культур момордики й ківано на їх вегетацію та урожайність у ґрунтово-кліматичних умовах низинної зони Закарпаття. Методи. Фенологічні спостереження, біометричні вимірювання, статистичні методи. Результати. Встановлено, що більш скоростиглими з довшим періодом плодоношення, а, відповідно, – і довшим періодом вегетації були рослини момордики, вирощені з використанням у якості добрив відходів виробництва кавового напою. Так, у фазу цвітіння рослини досліду вступали на 7 діб раніше, у плодоношення – на 5 діб. Варіанти різнилися за висотою рослин: 2,85 м при застосуванні відходів кави проти 2,17 м у контролі. Середня маса плода у фазі технічної стиглості становила 218 г у варіанті з використанням кави та 127 г у контролі; середня довжина плода – 24,1 і 14,5 см; число сформованих рослиною плодів збільшувалося на 3 шт. порівно з контролем; у одному плоді у контролі формувалося на 11 насінин менше. У середньому з однієї рослини при застосуванні відходів кави отримали майже у 2,2 разу більше врожаю, ніж у контролі. Фенологічні спостереження за рослинами ківано дозволили встановити відчутну різницю (6 діб) тільки у тривалості міжфазного періоду «початок галуження – початок цвітіння» за використання стимулятора росту гумату натрію. Різниця у тривалості інших міжфазних періодів коливалася в межах 1 –3 діб. На початкових етапах росту у ІІІ декаді червня рослини досліду переважали над контролем за кількістю листків однієї рослини, площа асиміляційної поверхні рослин досліду – на 20%, а висота стебла – на 4%. На початку І декади серпня в обох варіантах розпочалося формування плодів. Середня маса одного плоду в досліді становила 232,6 г, діаметр коливався від 6,9 до 13,3 см, довжина – 8,7–15,7 см. У контрольних рослин маса плоду в середньому сягала 173,1 г, діаметр знаходився в межах 6,3–9,2 см, довжина – 7,2–13,7 см. Кількість плодів на одній рослині досліду на 15% переважала контроль, їх маса – на 34%. Загальна врожайність ківано досягла 4,7 кг/м2 у рослин досліду, що в 1,6 разу більше контролю (3,0 кг/м2). Висновки. Проведені дослідження свідчать про ефективність застосування при вирощуванні момордики в якості удобрення кавових відходів та позитивний вплив передпосівної обробки насіння ківано гуматом натрію.
The bacteriostatic property of melatonin targets peptic ulcer disease and cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Majumder Romit , Datta Madhuri , Sarkar Swaimanti , Chattopadhyay Aindrila , Bandyopadhyay Debasish
Published: April 2022

The marked drop in the frequency of Helicobacter pylori infection resulting from the use of antibiotics and potent anti-acid medications has substantially lowered the prevalence of peptic ulcer disease in recent decades. Management of this condition, however, is challenging because of the escalating perils of antibiotic resistance and the abuse of anti-inflammatory drugs. For example, the increased prevalence of cholangiocarcinomas may associate with this peptic ulcer disease management including the prolonged use of proton pump inhibitors. Cholangiocarcinoma is one of the most lethal cancers and accounts for almost 15% of all hepatic malignancies. This review provides a concise summary of the latest findings in the pathogenetic mechanisms of cholangiocarcinoma, essentially focusing on peptic ulcer disease and its associated therapies. We also suggest interventions that may reduce Helicobacter pylori infection and peptic ulcers with the bacteriostatic agent, melatonin. Melatonin treatment may reduce the incidence of this devastating cancer or improve the outcome of individuals that develop this disease.
Arteterapia: significado para os profissionais da atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Vilar Leiliane Jesus Martini Lopes , Soares Marcos Hirata , Martins Júlia Trevisan , Sei Maíra Bonafé , Gomes Joseli Aparecida , Moreira Aline Aparecida Oliveira
Published: April 2022

Estudo com objetivo de compreender o significado da arteterapia para os profissionais da enfermagem da atenção primária à saúde. Pesquisa qualitativa realizada com sete profissionais de enfermagem de duas Unidades Básicas de Saúde. Desenvolveram-se oficinas de arteterapia por meio de 10 encontros semanais. Após quatro meses, entrevistas individuais e audiogravadas foram realizadas e as falas avaliadas pela técnica de Análise de Conteúdo. Na análise emergiram quatro categorias, as quais mostraram que arteterapia foi uma vivência importante, de satisfação, de aprendizado sobre si mesmo e um pouco mais sobre os colegas, espaço de poder se expressar e ouvir, o que propiciou vivências de bem-estar, de tempo para relaxar e aliviar o estresse da jornada de trabalho. A arteterapia se configurou como uma estratégia que pode ser utilizada com trabalhadores de enfermagem e desvelou-se como um papel terapêutico, propiciando o bem-estar e colaborando para melhoria da qualidade de vida laboral.
Das Vollstreckungsverfahren nach dem VVG
Authors: Diem Lukas
Published: April 2022

Umfassende Untersuchung des Vollstreckungsverfahrens Das Verwaltungsvollstreckungsgesetz (VVG) existiert zwar bereits seit dem Jahr 1925, wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzungen mit diesem Thema sind jedoch rar. Dies ist - wie ein Vergleich mit dem zivilgerichtlichen Exekutionsverfahren zeigt - erstaunlich, ist doch das Rechtsgebiet praktisch bedeutsam und die Auslegung vieler Bestimmungen strittig. Um diese Lücke zu schließen, stellt diese Arbeit die Funktionsweise und die Systematik des Vollstreckungsverfahrens dar, das nach der Verwaltungsgerichtsbarkeits-Novelle 2012 teils einschneidende Änderungen erfahren hat. Bislang unterbelichtete Problemstellungen werden in den Fokus gerückt und Annahmen der Lehre und Rechtsprechung kritisch hinterfragt. Sämtliche verfahrensrechtlich relevante Themengebiete werden untersucht: von der Zuständigkeit zur Vollstreckung, der Verfahrenseinleitung, den Parteien des Verfahrens bis zur Verfahrensbeendigung. Im Zentrum stehen die allgemeinen Verfahrensgrundsätze sowie die verfahrensrechtlichen Besonderheiten beim Einsatz der jeweiligen Vollstreckungsmittel. Die einstweilige Verfügung wird zudem gesondert dargestellt.
PENGARUH DAYA TARIK WISATA, AKSESIBILITAS DAN FASILITAS TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN BERKUNJUNG WISATAWAN KE PANTAI SIANGAU KABUPATEN BANGKA BARAT
Authors: Ardiansyah Koko , Sumar  , Nugroho Ari Agung
Published: April 2022

The relatively low number of tourists in Siangau Beach motivated the present writer to analyze the effects of Attractions, Accessibility and Facilities on Touristâ€™s Decisions to Visit Siangau Beach in West Bangka Regency. This research uses quantitative approach with a total sample of 95 respondents, who were seleted using non-probability sampling. The independent variables in this research are attraction, accessibility and facilities, while the dependent variable is decision to visit. The data we analyzed using multiple linear regression with t-test, F test and R2. The multiple regression analysis model obtained was Y= -3,209 + 0,605+ 0,580Â + 0,426; The research results indicate that partially, tourist attraction, accessibility and facilities have positive and significant effect on touristsâ€™ decisions to visit Saingau Beach in West Bangka Regency. Meanwhile the F-test results indicates that attraction, accessibility and facilities simultaneously have positive and significant effect on touristsâ€™ decision to visit Siangau Beach in West Bangka Regency. Coefficient of determination (R2) test results indicates that the research model can explain 58,6% of touristsâ€™ decisions to visit Siangau Beach, while 41,4% was affected by other variables outside of the research, wich can be further investigated..Â Keywords: Attraction, Accessibility, Facilities, Decision to Visit
PENGARUH INFLASI, NILAI TUKAR RUPIAH, JUMLAH UANG BEREDAR (JUB), DAN JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX (JII) TERHADAP NILAI AKTIVA BERSIH REKSADANA SYARIAH SAHAM
Authors: Wildaniyati Arini , Khotimah Anissa Chusnul , Hermawan Herry
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rate, Total Money Supply, and Jakarta Islamic Index on Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds. The population in this study is the Net Asset Value of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds available at PT Bareksa Portal Investasi and registered with the OJK in 2015-2020. The method in this study uses purposive sampling, in order to obtain a sample of 13 Islamic Stock Mutual Funds. The data used in this study is secondary data collected with quarterly report data collection techniques available on the official website from 2015-2020. This study uses quantitative methods. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression analysis and classical assumption test. The results of the study show that (1) there is no effect of Inflation on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds in 2015-2020, (2) there is an effect of Rupiah Exchange Rate on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds in 2015-2020, (3) there is an effect of Total Money Supply on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds in 2015-2020, (4) there is an effect of Jakarta Islamic Index on the Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds in 2015-2020 and there is a simultaneous effect of Inflation, Rupiah Exchange Rate, Total Money Supply, and Jakarta Islamic Index on Net Asset Value (NAV) of Islamic Stock Mutual Funds in 2015-2020.
PENGARUH UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN MEKANISME CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP MANAJEMEN LABA STUDY EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN BUMN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2019-2020
Authors: Suharni Siti , Purnomo Herry , Ayuni Tika
Published: April 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of firm size and corporate governance mechanisms on earnings management in state-owned companies. This study uses quantitative methods. The data was obtained from secondary data from the annual reports of BUMN companies listed on the IDX during the 2019-2020 period. The sampling method used is purposive sampling method. The analysis technique used is multiple regression analysis with SPSS 16.00 for windows program. The results of this study indicate that the Firm Size variable and the Board of Commissioners Size variable have a significant effect on Earnings Management. While the variable Institutional Ownership, Board of Directors Size variable and Institutional Ownership variable have no significant effect on Earnings Management in BUMN Companies in 2019-2020.
Penerapan E-Filing Dalam Meningkatkan Kesadaran Hukum Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi (Studi Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Madiun)
Authors: Pradhana Angga pramodya , Subadi  , Taufiq Yuli Purnama  , Zulfa Rahima Cahyasari
Published: April 2022

Abstract--The purpose of this study is to determine the application of e-filing as a means of increasing legal awareness for taxpayers, especially individuals and to find out the supporting factors and obstacles in implementing e-filing for the Madiun area. In this study, the researcher used empirical methods, namely data obtained directly through field research with primary data sources, secondary data sources and tertiary data sources and data collection techniques carried out by observation, interviews, document studies to informants using qualitative descriptive data analysis. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of e-filing at the Pelayanan Pajak Pratama (KPPP) Madiun Office is going well and has increased almost every year, with many benefits that make it easier for KPP and taxpayers, especially during this pandemic, although there are some shortcomings, especially in terms of socialization about e-filing and the down system that occurs in its implementation. However, the other stages and contents have been carried out well, especially in the implementation of e-filing. There are 2 (two) benefits in this research, namely practical and theoretical, practically to develop legal knowledge and add references for readers, theoretically in KPPP Madiun can be used as input in order to increase the application of e-filing in mandatory legal awareness taxes to be a good and practical solution in reporting the Annual SPT.

Keywords: e-filing, Taxpayer, Kantor Pelayanan Pajak Pratama Madiun.
Akibat Hukum Terhadap Ahli Waris Yang Tidak Ditetapkan Sebagai Penerima Waris
Authors: Bagus W R Kurniawan , Sumiati  , Puspita Sangrila , Sugiarto Kantrey
Published: April 2022

Abstract— This scientific article aims to find out the legal consequences for heirs who have the right to inherit but are not stipulated in the determination of the Polewali Religious Court No.444/Pdt.G/2015/PA.Pwl. The method used in this article is normative juridical, which is a method that is focused on examining the rules or norms in positive law. The normative juridical method does not start from a hypothesis, but departs from identifying legal facts and eliminating irrelevant matters to be determined as legal issues to be solved. The results in the conclusion indicate that the position of the nephew as a substitute heir who is not designated as an heir in the Islamic inheritance system according to the Compilation of Islamic Law based on the Determination of the Polewali Religious Court Number 444/Pdt.G/2015/PA.Pwl, is the occurrence of a substitute heir who does not being determined as the beneficiary of the heir is possible because of the facilities in the form of facilities and infrastructure which include legal counseling materials, and the smooth administration is not supportive which consequently has an impact on the low awareness of the public in complying with the provisions of the substitute heir or whether something has been missed and or is not too thorough from the judge, so that cause various problems that cause heirs who may have more rights such as substitute heirs do not get their rights.
Factors affecting breastfeeding in rural and urban population of Greece: Preliminary analysis of a prospective cohort study
Authors: Katzeni Panagoula , Zachariou Eleftherios , Papageorgiou Dimitrios , Daskalakis Georgios , Pergialiotis Vasilios
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Breastfeeding is the unparalleled way to provide infants the ideal nutrients they need for their healthy growth. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends exclusive breastfeeding until 6 months old, starting within 1 hour of birth. All infants should start receiving foods in addition to breast milk from 6 months onwards, while breastfeeding continues until 2 years old or more. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate those factors that may influence the onset of breastfeeding in the first few days after birth and during the hospitalization in the maternity ward, as well as the establishment of breastfeeding 6 weeks after birth, along with studying the weight of the newborn. Material and Method: This was a prospective study with a convenience sample taking place in the General Hospital of Argolis and the Elena Venizelou maternity hospital in Athens. In the presented pilot study 75 women that delivered at full term completed the questionnaire. We chose to exclude women that delivered during the preterm period as well as those that delivered twins as these factors independently affect the possibility of discontinuing breastfeeding. A self-report questionnaire with closed and open-ended questions was used and was completed in two phases. Results: Overall, 75 women completed the questionnaire. Of those 3 women delivered within the early term period (37+0 – 38+6 weeks). The majority of women (74.67%) initiated breastfeeding within 2 hours from delivery. Rooming in was allowed within the first hour in a large proportion of participants (62.67%). Breastfeeding difficulties were encountered in approximately half of participants and the predominant reason was some form of breast pathology. Twenty-two mothers (29.3%) discontinued breastfeeding within the study period. Early rooming in significantly increased the possibility of continuing breastfeeding after the first month. Of all the factors that were investigated during the puerperal period only the amount of formula meals significantly affected the rates of continuous breastfeeding. Conclusion: Early rooming-in significantly increases breastfeeding practices. Unstructured educational activities from healthcare providers and accompanying brochures do not seem to enhance breastfeeding duration, indicating the need for adoption of specific programs that will be tested in forthcoming studies.
Intrapartum pubic symphysis diastasis in a primigravida woman
Authors: Nikolaou Marinos , Katsafarou Maria , Papadocostakis Georgios , Katasos Theodoros
Published: April 2022

Pubic symphysis diastasis in pregnancy is a rare obstetric complication. A case of a 35 year old primigravid woman with severe pubic symphysis diastasis and sacroiliac joint relaxation during non-operative vaginal delivery is reported and the literature reviewed. The patient was successfully treated by open reduction and internal fixation with plate and screws. During a 5 year follow-up, the patient presented with no pain and complete recovery to pre-injury functional level. Early diagnosis and immediate intervention by pelvic stabilization and in severe cases surgical intervention are the key points for the management of pubic symphyis diastasis, which optimize the maternal outcome.
Klientalizmin Weberyan Bir Okuması ve Rasyonel Bir Örnek Olarak Orta Asya Türk Geleneğinde Nökerlik
Authors: Özel Mesut
Published: April 2022

Klientalizmin farklı formlarına da işaret eden değişik adlandırmalarına bakıldığında bu ilişkiye kaynaklık eden ağırlıklı olarak modern öncesi patrimonyalist ve partikülarist temellerin; kültürel, geleneksel bir boyutu olduğu görülebilmektedir. Himaye edenin geleneksel kodlarla beslenen karizması bu toplumsal ilişki tipinin kültürel açıdan irdelenmesinin önemli açılımlar sunacağını vaat etmektedir. Bu ilişki sistemi asimetrik bir ilişkidir ve dolayısıyla bir otoriteye de işaret etmektedir. Bu bağlamda klientalizm olgusu, otorite konusunda değerlendirmelerine en çok başvurulan düşünürlerden biri olan M. Weber’in otorite analizi izleğinden değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Farklı bağlamlarda farklı klientalist ilişki tiplerine işaret eden ve dolayısıyla bir kavram karmaşası halini almış konu; temel kavram ve adlandırmaların incelenmesi ile başlayarak, konunun otorite perspektifinden bir okumasıyla devam ettirilmiştir. Klientalist uygulamalara en yaygın çözüm önerisi olarak sunulan liyakat konusu büyük ve kadim bir uygarlığa sahip Orta Asya-Türki devlet ve toplum geleneği bağlamında değerlendirilmiş ve bu yaklaşımla bir Orta Asya geleneği olarak nökerlik yönetim/ilişki sistemiyle, liyakatin Orta Asya-Türki toplum ve devlet anlayışı/işleyişindeki köklerine işaret edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
The Importance of Weakly Co-Evolving Residue Networks in Proteins is Revealed by Visual Analytics
Authors: Mohan Sidharth , Ozer Hatice Gulcin , Ray William C.
Published: April 2022

Small changes in a protein’s core packing produce changes in function, and even small changes in function bias species fitness and survival. Therefore individually deleterious mutations should be evolutionarily coupled with compensating mutations that recover fitness. Co-evolving pairs of mutations should be littered across evolutionary history. Despite longstanding intuition, the results of co-evolution analyses have largely disappointed expectations. Regardless of the statistics applied, only a small majority of the most strongly co-evolving residues are typically found to be in contact, and much of the “meaning” of observed co-evolution has been opaque. In a medium-sized protein of 300 amino acids, there are almost 20 million potentially-important interdependencies. It is impossible to understand this data in textual format without extreme summarization or truncation. And, due to summarization and truncation, it is impossible to identify most patterns in the data. We developed a visualization approach that eschews the common “look at a long list of statistics” approach and instead enables the user to literally look at all of the co-evolution statistics simultaneously. Users of our tool reported visually obvious “clouds” of co-evolution statistics forming distinct patterns in the data, and analysis demonstrated that these clouds had structural relevance. To determine whether this phenomenon generalized, we repeated this experiment in three proteins we had not previously studied. The results provide evidence about how structural constrains have impacted co-evolution, why previous “examine the most frequently co-evolving residues” approaches have had limited success, and additionally shed light on the biophysical importance of different types of co-evolution.
Metagenomic Approaches to Explore the Quorum Sensing-Mediated Interactions Between Algae and Bacteria in Sequence Membrane Photo-Bioreactors
Authors: Wu Xiaogang , Kong Lingrui , Pan Juejun , Feng Yiming , Liu Sitong
Published: April 2022

Algal–bacterial water treatment is more effective for better harvesting and promotes energy savings than other traditional treatments, while the relationships between them are multifarious. Among all the interactions, quorum sensing plays an essential ecological role. However, the relative contributions of signaling in the interaction between algae and bacteria are not clear. To elucidate the role of quorum sensing by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in terms of the algal–bacterial interaction during the nitrogen removal process, the bioreactors, respectively, inoculated with Chlorella, Phormidium, and both of them were started. We manifest the existence of multiple signaling-related proteins by alignment with the constructed database, and the signaling was analyzed using metagenomic sequence data obtained during bioreactor operation. We found that IAA was mainly synthetized depending on indole-3-acetamide (IAM) and indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) pathways by calculating the gene abundance of IAA synthetase. Both Chlorella and the co-culture reactor possessed higher nitrogen removal rate (NRR) than the Phormidium reactor, and the abundance profile of the signaling-related gene is similar with the NRR. The signaling-related gene abundance increased in Chlorella and co-culture reactors but decreased in the Phormidium reactor. Pseudomonas, Hydrogenophaga, and Zoogloea are the dominant signaled bacteria. Chlorella is the dominant signaled algae. The relative abundance of total signaled bacteria in the whole bacterial community increased during the start-up in Chlorella and co-culture reactors. According to the network analysis, phytoplankton prefers to positively correlate with signaled bacteria than non-signaled bacteria, which indicated that the signaling influences the algal–bacterial interaction. These findings hint at the significance of algal–bacterial signaling in this interkingdom interaction during nitrogen removal.
From Cultured Vascular Cells to Vessels: The Cellular and Molecular Basis of Vascular Dysfunction in Space
Authors: Locatelli Laura , Castiglioni Sara , Maier Jeanette A. M.
Published: April 2022

Life evolved on this planet under the pull of gravity, shielded from radiation by the magnetosphere and shaped by circadian rhythms due to Earth’s rotation on its axis. Once living beings leave such a protective environment, adaptive responses are activated to grant survival. In view of long manned mission out of Earth’s orbit, it is relevant to understand how humans adapt to space and if the responses activated might reveal detrimental in the long run. Here we review present knowledge about the effects on the vessels of various extraterrestrial factors on humans as well as in vivo and in vitro experimental models. It emerges that the vasculature activates complex adaptive responses finalized to supply oxygen and nutrients to all the tissues and to remove metabolic waste and carbon dioxide. Most studies point to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction as mediators of vascular alterations in space. Unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in these adaptive processes might offer hints to design proper and personalized countermeasures to predict a safe future in space.
Rapid Manufacturing of Highly Cytotoxic Clinical-Grade SARS-CoV-2-specific T Cell Products Covering SARS-CoV-2 and Its Variants for Adoptive T Cell Therapy
Authors: Bonifacius Agnes , Tischer-Zimmermann Sabine , Santamorena Maria Michela , Mausberg Philip , Schenk Josephine , Koch Stephanie , Barnstorf-Brandes Johanna , Gödecke Nina , Martens Jörg , Goudeva Lilia , Verboom Murielle , Wittig Jana , Maecker-Kolhoff Britta , Baurmann Herrad , Clark Caren , Brauns Olaf , Simon Martina , Lang Peter , Cornely Oliver A. , Hallek Michael , Blasczyk Rainer , Seiferling Dominic , Köhler Philipp , Eiz-Vesper Britta
Published: April 2022

Objectives: Evaluation of the feasibility of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell manufacturing for adoptive T cell transfer in COVID-19 patients at risk to develop severe disease.

Methods: Antiviral SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detected in blood of convalescent COVID-19 patients following stimulation with PepTivator SARS-CoV-2 Select using Interferon-gamma Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (IFN-γ ELISpot), SARS-CoV-2 T Cell Analysis Kit (Whole Blood) and Cytokine Secretion Assay (CSA) and were characterized with respect to memory phenotype, activation state and cytotoxic potential by multicolor flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR and multiplex analyses. Clinical-grade SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products were generated by stimulation with MACS GMP PepTivator SARS-CoV-2 Select using CliniMACS Prodigy and CliniMACS Cytokine Capture System (IFN-gamma) (CCS). Functionality of enriched T cells was investigated in cytotoxicity assays and by multiplex analysis of secreted cytotoxic molecules upon target recognition.

Results: Donor screening via IFN-γ ELISpot allows for pre-selection of potential donors for generation of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells. Antiviral T cells reactive against PepTivator SARS-CoV-2 Select could be magnetically enriched from peripheral blood of convalescent COVID-19 patients by small-scale CSA resembling the clinical-grade CCS manufacturing process and showed an activated and cytotoxic T cell phenotype. Four clinical-grade SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell products were successfully generated with sufficient cell numbers and purities comparable to those observed in donor pretesting via CSA. The T cells in the generated products were shown to be capable to replicate, specifically recognize and kill target cells in vitro and secrete cytotoxic molecules upon target recognition. Cell viability, total CD3+ cell number, proliferative capacity and cytotoxic potential remained stable throughout storage of up to 72 h after end of leukapheresis.

Conclusion: Clinical-grade SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells are functional, have proliferative capacity and target-specific cytotoxic potential. Their function and phenotype remain stable for several days after enrichment. The adoptive transfer of partially matched, viable human SARS-CoV-2-specific T lymphocytes collected from convalescent individuals may provide the opportunity to support the immune system of COVID-19 patients at risk for severe disease.
Correlative Organelle Microscopy: Fluorescence Guided Volume Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Processes
Authors: Loginov Sergey V. , Fermie Job , Fokkema Jantina , Agronskaia Alexandra V. , De Heus Cilia , Blab Gerhard A. , Klumperman Judith , Gerritsen Hans C. , Liv Nalan
Published: April 2022

Intracellular processes depend on a strict spatial and temporal organization of proteins and organelles. Therefore, directly linking molecular to nanoscale ultrastructural information is crucial in understanding cellular physiology. Volume or three-dimensional (3D) correlative light and electron microscopy (volume-CLEM) holds unique potential to explore cellular physiology at high-resolution ultrastructural detail across cell volumes. However, the application of volume-CLEM is hampered by limitations in throughput and 3D correlation efficiency. In order to address these limitations, we describe a novel pipeline for volume-CLEM that provides high-precision (<100 nm) registration between 3D fluorescence microscopy (FM) and 3D electron microscopy (EM) datasets with significantly increased throughput. Using multi-modal fiducial nanoparticles that remain fluorescent in epoxy resins and a 3D confocal fluorescence microscope integrated into a Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB.SEM), our approach uses FM to target extremely small volumes of even single organelles for imaging in volume EM and obviates the need for post-correlation of big 3D datasets. We extend our targeted volume-CLEM approach to include live-cell imaging, adding information on the motility of intracellular membranes selected for volume-CLEM. We demonstrate the power of our approach by targeted imaging of rare and transient contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes within hours rather than days. Our data suggest that extensive ER-lysosome and mitochondria-lysosome interactions restrict lysosome motility, highlighting the unique capabilities of our integrated CLEM pipeline for linking molecular dynamic data to high-resolution ultrastructural detail in 3D.
Heat Shock Proteins and Ferroptosis
Authors: Liu Ying , Zhou Lin , Xu Yunfei , Li Kexin , Zhao Yao , Qiao Haoduo , Xu Qing , Zhao Jie
Published: April 2022

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulatory cell death named by Dixon in 2012, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipid peroxides and iron ions. Molecular chaperones are a class of evolutionarily conserved proteins in the cytoplasm. They recognize and bind incompletely folded or assembled proteins to help them fold, transport or prevent their aggregation, but they themselves do not participate in the formation of final products. As the largest number of molecular chaperones, heat shock proteins can be divided into five families: HSP110 (HSPH), HSP90 (HSPC), HSP70 (HSPA), HSP40 (DNAJ) and small heat shock proteins (HSPB). Different heat shock proteins play different roles in promoting or inhibiting ferroptosis in different diseases. It is known that ferroptosis is participated in tumors, nervous system diseases, renal injury and ischemia-reperfusion injury. However, there are few reviews about the relationship of heat shock proteins and ferroptosis. In this study, we systematically summarize the roles of heat shock proteins in the occurrence of ferroptosis, and predict the possible mechanisms of different families of heat shock proteins in the development of ferroptosis.
Palladium-Mediated Hydroamination of DNA-Conjugated Aryl Alkenes
Authors: Cai Kunliang , Ran Yuzhao , Sun Wenbo , Gao Sen , Li Jin , Wan Jinqiao , Liu Guansai
Published: April 2022

C-N bond formation is one of the most commonly used reactions in medicinal chemistry. Herein, we report an efficient Pd-promoted hydroamination reaction between DNA-conjugated aryl alkenes and a wide scope of aliphatic amines. The described reactions are demonstrated in good to excellent conversions to furnish C (sp3)–N bonds on DNA. This DNA-compatible transformation has strong potentials for the application into DNA-encoded library synthesis.
Aberrant Expression of Cardiac Troponin-T in Lung Cancer Tissues in Association With Pathological Severity
Authors: Tsuruda Toshihiro , Sato Yuichiro , Tomita Masaki , Tanaka Hiroyuki , Hatakeyama Kinta , Otsu Misa , Kawano Aya , Nagatomo Keiko , Yoshikawa Naoki , Ikeda Ryuji , Asada Yujiro , Kaikita Koichi
Published: April 2022

Background

Cardiac troponin-T (TNNT2) is exclusively present in cardiac muscle. Measurement of TNNT2 is used for diagnosing acute coronary syndrome. However, its expression may not be limited in myocardium. This study aimed at evaluating the expression of TNNT2 in neoplastic tissues.

Methods and Results

We used paraffin-embedded blocks of 68 patients with lung cancer (age, 68 ± 11 years old; early-stage, 33; advance-stage, 35) at Miyazaki University Hospital, Japan between January 1, 2017, and March 31, 2019. We stained the slide sections with primary monoclonal antibody against TNNT2 protein, and assessed the frequency of positive staining, and its association with pathological severity. In addition, we examined whether TNNT2 gene is detected in lung cancer tissues of four patients using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Immunoreactivity for TNNT2 protein was present in the cytoplasm and nucleus of lung cancer cells. The frequency was 37% (25 of 68) in all patients and was irrespective of histologic type (six of 13, squamous cell carcinoma; 18 of 50, adenocarcinoma; 0 of 4, neuroendocrine cell carcinoma; 1 of 1, large cell carcinoma). The prevalence increased with pathological staging [9% (3 of 33) at early-stage (Stage 0–I); 63% (22 of 35) at advance-stage (Stage II–IV and recurrence)]. In addition, frequency of positive staining for TNNT2 increased with pleural (χ2 = 5.877, P = 0.015) and vascular (χ2 = 2.449, P = 0.118) invasions but decreased with lymphatic invasion (χ2 = 3.288, P = 0.070) in specimens performed surgical resection. Furthermore, TNNT2 mRNA was detected in the resected squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma tissues.

Conclusions

Our data suggest the aberrant expression of TNNT2 in lung cancer and its prevalence increases with pathological severity.
Brugada Syndrome in Women: What Do We Know After 30 Years?
Authors: Martínez-Barrios Estefanía , Arbelo Elena , Cesar Sergi , Cruzalegui José , Fiol Victoria , Díez-Escuté Nuria , Hernández Clara , Brugada Ramon , Brugada Josep , Campuzano Oscar , Sarquella-Brugada Georgia
Published: April 2022

Brugada syndrome (BrS) was initially described in 1992 by Josep and Pedro Brugada as an arrhythmogenic disease characterized by ST segment elevation in the right precordial leads and increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Alterations in the SCN5A gene are responsible for approximately 30% of cases of BrS, following an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance. However, despite its autosomal transmission, sex-related differences are widely accepted. BrS is more prevalent in males than in females (8–10 times), with males having a 5.5-fold higher risk of SCD. There are also differences in clinical presentation, with females being more frequently asymptomatic and older than males at the time of diagnosis. Some factors have been identified that could explain these differences, among which testosterone seems to play an important role. However, only 30% of the available publications on the syndrome include sex-related information. Therefore, current findings on BrS are based on studies conducted mainly in male population, despite the wide acceptance of gender differences. The inclusion of complete clinical and demographic information in future publications would allow a better understanding of the phenotypic variability of BrS in different age and sex groups helping to improve the diagnosis, management and risk management of SCD.
Strain Distribution Along the Qilian Fold-and-Thrust Belt Determined From GPS Velocity Decomposition and Cluster Analysis: Implications for Regional Tectonics and Deformation Kinematics
Authors: Zhao Guoqiang , Pan Zhengyang
Published: April 2022

The Qilian fold-and-thrust belt (QFTB) offers an excellent example to demonstrate the strain transition from strike–slip shearing to oblique crustal shortening, which plays an important role in dissecting the stress propagation of Indian–Eurasian convergence from the plateau interior to the surrounding blocks. Various geological or numerical models have attempted to describe the regional tectonic characteristics of the QFTB. However, these models only interpret one or part of the deformation behaviors in the QFTB, and the strain distribution across and along the QFTB as well as its deformation kinematics remains to be determined. Therefore, in this work, we applied the method of velocity decomposition and cluster analysis using combined GPS data to determine the strain partition or accommodation in different parts of the QFTB as well as tectonic relationships with surrounding blocks, which will contribute to distinguishing which model is more suitable for delineating the present-day deformation kinematics of the QFTB. Our analysis indicates that the western part of the QFTB is dominated mainly by crustal shortening perpendicular to the trend of the QFTB, coupled with lateral extension along the trend of the QFTB, while the eastern part of the QFTB is characterized mainly by lateral extrusion owing to the impact of two large eastward-striking left-slip faults (East Kunlun fault and Haiyuan fault), which are accommodated by an obvious velocity gradient boundary belt centered on two diamond basins (Qinghaihu and Gonghe basins) associated with their boundary faults. The active tectonics of the QFTB are obviously divided into two distinct groups: one group is a pure shear–strain pattern, accounting for strong crustal shortening in the western part of the QFTB, and the other group is a simple shear–strain pattern, accounting for the obvious lateral extrusion in the eastern part of the QFTB.
Uncertainty Analysis of Axial Pile Capacity in Layered Soils by the Piezocone Penetration Test
Authors: Lin Jun , Hou Xinyu , Cai Guojun , Liu Songyu
Published: April 2022

This study presented a framework for uncertainty analysis of the ultimate axial bearing capacity of piles evaluated by the UniCone method in layered soils. The UniCone method by Eslami and Fellenius (1997) is a direct piezocone penetration test (CPTU) method for evaluating the ultimate axial capacity of piles in the reliability design. The spatial variability of CPTU data is modeled as a random field for each soil unit in the soil strata. The empirical correlation coefficients of the UniCone method are assumed to follow lognormal distributions. On the basis of uncertainties of CPTU data and empirical correlation coefficients, the first-order reliability method (FORM) is then applied to the reliability analysis of ultimate axial bearing capacity of piles. The effects of spatial variability of CPTU data and variations of empirical correlation coefficients on the ultimate axial bearing capacity of piles are evaluated by an Excel spreadsheet-based framework. Seven case studies show that the proper identification of different soil units from soil profiles is crucial for estimating the failure probability of pile capacity in the reliability analysis. Uncertainties of CPTU data and empirical correlation coefficients would be over-estimated unless different soil units in soil profiles are identified properly from each other. The over-estimated geotechnical parameters contribute to a higher failure probability of pile capacity. The proposed framework can evaluate the uncertainty of the ultimate axial bearing capacity of pile foundations more rationally.
Geochemical and Geological Characterization of Upper Permian Linghao Formation Shale in Nanpanjiang Basin, SW China
Authors: Gu Yifan , Cai Guangyin , Hu Dongfeng , Wei Zhihong , Liu Ruobing , Han Jing , Fan Zhiwei , Hao Jingyu , Jiang Yuqiang
Published: April 2022

The Upper Permian Linghao Formation shale is the most potential shale gas exploration target in Nanpanjiang Basin. In this study, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, CH4 isothermal adsorption, and nuclear magnetic resonance cryoporometry are intergrated to reveal comprehensive characterization of Linghao Formation shale collected from a well in Nanpanjiang Basin. Results indicate that organic-rich shales developed in the Ling 1 member and the lower part of Ling 3 member. The organic-rich shales are predominantly characterized by kerogen type I, with a relatively highly mature to overmature status. The Ling 1 organic-rich shale mainly consists of mixed shale lithofacies, and the organic-rich shale in the lower part of Ling 3 is mainly composed of argillaceous shale. The pore volume in Ling 1 organic-rich shale is mainly contributed by 3- to 6-nm and 8- to 11-nm organic pores. The pore volume of Ling 3 organic-rich shale is mainly contributed by 2- to 3-nm and 4- to 11-nm organic pores. The organic pores between 3 and 10 nm also have a small contribution to the pore volume. The absolute adsorption gas content of Ling 1 and Ling 3 organic-rich shale is 1.21 m3/t and 1.64 m3/t, respectively. The absolute adsorption gas content of Ling 1 and Ling 3 organic-rich shale exceeds the minimum standard for commercial shale gas development in China (1.0 m3/t). According to the adsorption gas ratio of 50%, the total gas content of Ling 1 and Ling 3 organic-rich shale can reach 3.28 m3/t and 2.28 m3/t, respectively. It is suggested that the Upper Permian Linghao Formation shale in the Nanpanjiang Basin has a significant potential for shale gas exploration.