bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Agricultural waste materials as component of organic potting media for the endangered Nepenthes truncata Macf. (Philippine pitcher plant)
Authors: Silvosa Cyrose Suzie C. , Rasco Eufemio T. , Maquilan Mary Ann D.
Published: February 2022

Agricultural waste materials, namely, coconut fiber (CF), coir dust (CD), and charcoaled rice husk (CRH) taken singly or in combination with commonly used organic substrates wood charcoal chips (WCC), chopped tree fern (CTF), sphagnum moss (SM), and osmunda fiber (OF) were characterized for their suitability as components of mixed potting media for Nepenthes truncata (Macf.) plantlets. Several mixed media were evaluated, each with a component for aeration (WCC, CTF, or CRH), moisture retention (CF, CD or SM), and drainage (OF). Conventionally used container media mixes served as controls. Based on survival and leaf condition of plantlets, CD could replace SM, and both were superior to CF in moisture retention, while CRH was superior to wood charcoal chips and tree fern for aeration. Both CD and CRH are locally available and inexpensive compared to the materials they could replace. Small-sized plantlets performed better in Treatment 6 (T6) (2:1:1 mixture of SM, OF, and CRH) and Control 1 (pure SM) while medium-sized plantlets only preferred T6. Physico-chemical properties of T6 suggest that the appropriate medium for N. truncata plantlets is slightly acidic with low electrical conductivity, high porosity, moderate water holding capacity, and moderate water retention efficiency.
New cultivars
Authors: Gray Don , Collingsworth Damon , D'Amato Peter
Published: February 2022

The cultivars Sarracenia 'Bob Hanrahan' and Sarracenia 'Waccamaw' are described.
A new way to identify living species of Nepenthes (Nepenthaceae): More data needed
Authors: Beveridge Nils G.P. , Rauch Cessa , Keßler Paul J.A. , Vugt Rogier R. van , Welzen Peter C. van
Published: February 2022

We present a possibly simple and effective way to identify living specimens of the various species of Nepenthes. The volume and height of the pitchers are closely correlated variables of which the mathematical relationship between them can be expressed in a simple formula. These formulas, preferably of the upper pitchers when available, are slightly different for most species investigated, especially for the largest pitchers on specimens. This method is easily applicable in Botanical Gardens, which generally have a small, highly similar set of species. However, the results are based on few data (few specimens per species, only from two botanical gardens). Thus, please help, by providing more data, especially of hybrids, to further test the method.
Variation in floral fragrance of tuberous Drosera
Authors: Gibson Robert
Published: February 2022

Floral fragrance is not widely developed in the genus Drosera, and little has been written about this feature. Interestingly, most species with fragrant flowers are found in Australia and comprise some pygmy Drosera (Drosera subgenus Bryastrum section Lamprolepis Planch.) such as D. dichrosepala Turz., D. enodes N.G.Marchant & Lowrie, D. paleacea subsp. trichocaulis (Diels) N.G.Marchant & Lowrie, and D. roseana N.G.Marchant & Lowrie (Lowrie 1987) and most of the tuberous sundews (Drosera subgenus Ergaleium) (Lowrie 1987), such as D. heterophylla Lindl. (Bourke & Nunn 2012), D. praefolia Tepper (Gibson 1995), D. prostratoscaposa Lowrie & Carlquist (Lowrie & Carlquist 1990) and D. rupicola (N.G.Marchant) Lowrie (Lowrie 1987). Five species of sundew with sweetly scented flowers have recently been reported from northern South America: D. amazonica Rivadavia, A.Fleischm. & Vicent., D. arenicola Steyerm., D. felix Steyerm. & L.B.Sm., D. kaieteurensis Brumm.-Ding., and D. solaris A.Fleischm., Wistuba & S.McPherson (Rivadavia et al. 2009); all of which are found in Drosera subgenus Drosera section Oosperma Schlauer. This paper presents a summary of my observations of floral fragrance in the tuberous sundew (Drosera subgenus Ergaleium (DC.) Drude).
Penegakan Hukum Lingkungan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Udara
Authors: Luthfillah Fazari Saghara
Published: February 2022

Pembangunan yang dilakukan dengan mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam sering kali dilakukan tanpa memedulikan lingkungan, sehingga berdampak buruk bagi kondisi lingkungan dan menimbulkan berbagai macam masalah lingkungan hidup. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan berdampak pada kestabilan ekosistem dan mengakibatkan kerusakan bahkan bencana alam seperti pencemaran udara yang menyebabkan terganggung pemanfaatan ruang udara untuk mendukung kehidupan manusia seperti kegiatan penerbangan. Dalam Undang-Undang 32/2009, pemerintah mempertegas sanksi bagi pihak yang melanggar hukum termasuk melakukan pembakaran hutan dan lahan. Upaya penegakan hukum lingkungan hidup perlu dilakukan untuk mencegah kerusakan lingkungan, menjaga kelestarian fungsi lingkungan dan keseimbangan ekosistem dalam rangka mewujudkan tujuan pembangunan berkelanjutan yang berwawasan lingkungan.
Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Dalam Mitigasi Bencana Tsunami
Authors: Kusuma Wita Ramadhianty , S. Ramadhan Achmad , ‘Aini Qurrota , Suryanda Ade
Published: February 2022

Provinsi Nangroe Aceh Darussalam pernah dilanda tsunami. Tsunami terjadi akibat dari fenomena alam seperti aktivitas gempa bumi, letusan gunung berapi, dan longsor bawah laut. Peringatan dini bencana alam, khususnya tsunami penting untuk meminimalisir korban dan kerugian yang ditimbulkan. Kearifan lokal masyarakat setempat atau wilayah berdampak merupakan salah satu cara mitigasi tsunami. Mitigasi tsunami tidak selalu hanya berkaitan dengan teknologi, melainkan ada sudut pandang sosial dan budaya yang juga memiliki peran penting. Dengan latar belakang tersebut, tujuan disusunya artikel ini adalah untuk memahami permasalahan penerapan sistem peringatan dini tsunami di Indonesia serta melihat dampak dari kearifan lokal masyarakat setempat sebagai salah satu bentuk mitigasi tsunami melalui studi literatur.
Peranan Sains Warga dalam Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup
Authors: Aminudin Cecep
Published: February 2022

Setiap warga negara mempunyai hak yang sama untuk berperan serta dalam kegiatan penguasaan, pemanfaatan, dan pemajuan ilmu pengetahuan. Artikel ini menyajikan hasil penelitian literatur mengenai peranan dan potensi sains warga dalam perlindungan dan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Sains warga sebagai pengumpulan dan analisis data yang berkaitan dengan lingkungan hidup oleh anggota masyarakat umum berkolaborasi dengan ilmuwan profesional memiliki peranan potensial dalam pengelolaan lingkungan. Sains warga dapat berperan dalam upaya konservasi, pengambilan keputusan lokal, pemantauan lingkungan, dan penegakan hukum serta mewujudkan keadilan lingkungan.
On the Napsuciale-Kirchbach Formalism for Spin 3/2 Field Theory
Authors: Siahaan Haryanto M. , Triyanta Triyanta
Published: February 2022

We consider the newly approach by Napsuciale and Kirchbach as an alternative formalism for spin-3/2 fields. The Feynman rules for interacting case are derived. Gauge invariance property in this formalism is shown from the corresponding invariant Compton scattering amplitude related to gauge transformation of the polarization vector.
Automatic and Real-time Processing of Tilt Records for Prediction of Explosions at Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Kuswandarto Hery , Hendrasto Muhamad , Iguchi Masato
Published: February 2022

Eruptive activity of Semeru Volcano, East Java, Indonesia, is characterized by intermittent occurrence of strombolian and vulcanian types in intervals of 15 – 45 minutes. The explosive eruptions accompany explosion earthquakes and tilt changes of ground around the summit crater. Prior to the explosions (16 – 300 s before), gradual upward tilts of the crater side were detected with amounts of 0.3 – 20 nrad. The upward tilts turned to downward after start of explosive eruptions and tilt decreased by 0.7 – 50 nrad for 30 – 70 s. In order to detect the precursory tilt changes in real time automatically by using the tilt record, software coded by Visual Basic was developed. The software receives UDP packet data from A/D converter for the tiltmeter and shows the record on PC display. The software judge stages of volcanic activity (pre-eruption or eruption) based on the tilt change. In a test, 72% of increase in tilts prior to explosions was successfully detected.
Evaluation of Pb-Bi-Water Direct Contact Boiling Flow in a Vertical Circular Channel using Drift-Flux Model
Authors: Novitrian Novitrian , Takahashi Minoru
Published: February 2022

The characteristics of Pb-Bi-water boiling two-phase flow were investigated in a vertical circular channel. Water was injected into Pb-Bi to circulate Pb-Bi in a loop with an effect of steam lift pump. Pb-Bi flow rates were measured and analytically estimated using balance condition between buoyancy force and pressure losses. The drift-flux model was used to determine void fraction with assumption that bubble sizes were dependent on the fluid surface tension and density ratio of Pb-Bi to steam and water mixture. The result of analysis shows that the deviation from the experimental data was less than 20%.
Some Gauge Related Aspects in Gauge Theory
Authors: Triyanta Triyanta
Published: February 2022

Gauge freedom is one important property of gauge theory. It enables one to choose gauge fields that fulfill a certain condition for conveniences. Thus, gauge freedom leads more fruitful and interesting development of gauge theory. In this paper we will discuss some gauge condition related aspects where the generalized gauge is taken into consideration. More attention will be given to the FS gauge.
Synthesis of Rutile-Rich Corundum/Rutile Functionally-Graded Materials with Different Precursors
Authors: Pratapa Suminar , Umaroh Khusnul , Herdiyanti Frissa Erina
Published: February 2022

Synthesis of corundum/rutileFGMS had been done with five repeated infiltrations. Preforms were made from corundum powder which were presintered at 1000°C for 1 hour to obtain green body porosity of around 54%. The infiltration was performed by repeatedly fully immersing the preforms in TiCl3 and Ti(SO4)2 solutions (approximately 20% w/v). The infiltrated preforms were then calcined at 1200°C for 2 hours. Phase characterisation using X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD) indicated that peak intensity of rutile increased with number of infiltration. Further observation showed that maximum gain of rutile was obtained from preforms which were fully immersed in the TiCl3-containing solution. Phase composition study at various depths for the TiCl3-containing samples using XRD showed that the content of rutile decreased with depth from 54% at the surface, 32% at 0.2 mm, 20% at 0.4 mm and 17% at 0.6 mm, while that for corundum increased complementarily. The phase composition results implied that synthesis of rutile-rich corundum/rutile functionally-graded materials has been successful using such precursor with multiple infiltration.
Construction of a generic reference material for gamma ray spectrometric analysis
Authors: Kebwaro J. M. , Hashim N.O. , Mustapha A. O.
Published: February 2022

An artificial reference material (RGMIX) has been constructed from three IAEA materials (RGU-1, RGTH-1, RGK-1). The material is analogous of an environmental radioactive material. The material is systematically analysed on a NaI(Tl) detector using the method of spectrum decomposition. The spectrum of the sample is similar to that of a geological material.
Development of the Thermoacoustic Refrigerator System Using a Stack made of some Stainless Steel Mesh and a Hot Heat Exchanger
Authors: Dyatmika Haris S , Achmadin Wahyu Nur , Murti Prastowo , Setiawan I. , Utomo Agung B S
Published: February 2022

In order to develop and increase the performance of a thermoacoustic refrigerator system, a research has been conducted. In this research a PVC cylindrical pipe (diameter of 5.5 cm and length of 80 cm) as a tube resonator, a loudspeaker as a sound source, some stainless steel mesh as a stack and a hot heat exchanger were arranged to be a thermoacoustic refrigerator system. The results show the influence of cooling power by utilizing some stainless steel mesh stack, the power of the utilized sound, and a hot heat exchanger on the performance of the thermoacoustic system. We expected to construct a thermoacoustic refrigerator system, which has an optimally performance, by using some stainless stell mesh as stack and a hot heat exchanger.
Filter Design on Discrete-Time Neutral System Using Guaranteed Cost Method
Authors: Susanto Erwin , Dwi Wibawa Ig. Prasetya , Halomoan Junartho
Published: February 2022

This paper will discuss about our study in filter design on discrete-time neutral system using guaranteed cost method. This design filter method yields a robust filter and the derivation of its equation can be obtained by using LMI (linear matrix inequalities).
Using Real Interpretative Differences to Assess Inter-laboratory Isotopic Variability Due to Sample Preparation
Authors: Edwards Amelia , Chesson Lesley , Bartelink Eric , Chau Thuan , Berg Gregory
Published: February 2022

Here we present a two-part study to assess isotope data comparability between two sample preparation laboratories, based on the concept of Real Interpretative Differences (RID). Inter-laboratory isotopic variability should be evaluated prior to compiling data from different sources. Isotopic variability can result from two main causes: sample preparation and sample analysis. We compared the carbon and nitrogen isotope delta (δ) values of 20 modern human bone collagen sample pairs—representing seven individuals from diverse backgrounds—thatwere prepared close in time at two laboratories and then analyzed at one facility. From this study, values for RID of preparation, or RIDprep, were calculated for bone collagen as 0.43‰ and 0.75‰ for δ13C values and δ15N values, respectively. These RIDprep values were tested using a set of 30 bone collagen sample pairs—representing 30 modern individuals—that were first prepared over a span of five years (2014–2019) at one laboratory; they were prepared again at the second laboratory in 2019. While the differences in isotope δ values between the paired samples in the second study were statistically significant, they did not exceed the calculated RIDprep values for either carbon (30 comparisons) or nitrogen (30 comparisons)—with the exception of one carbon difference in a single paired bone sample. The inherent error rate in combining the isotope test results was thus calculated as 1.7%. This study demonstrated that the isotope data generated from human bone collagen prepared at one laboratory can be reliably compared to data generated from samples prepared at the other laboratory.
Power Line Communication Over Flexible Cables for Elevator Cabins
Authors: Abafogi Motuma , Akdemir Bayram , Shobole Abdulfetah Abdela
Published: February 2022

Narrowband power line communication has become a major focus of research with its applicability extending to residential facilities. This article examines data transmission over flexible AC power line cables stretching from the elevator control panel to the cabin. In previous studies, there has been no significant attempt to characterize the Power Line Communication (PLC) channel and noise of an elevator system. In this article, a vector network analyzer and mixed domain oscilloscope along with coupling devices are used to conduct power line channel noise and response measurements for an elevator system. The acquisition of channel transfer functions corresponding to both idle and moving states of the elevator is carried out for the 9 kHz–500 kHz frequency range. A mathematical model is provided for the average frequency response of the PLC channel. The main source of noise is the inverter that supplies power to the motor. The channel exhibits notable variations for frequencies less than 281 kHz while staying relatively consistent for the 281 kHz to 500 kHz frequency range as the elevator changes from idle to moving state. Reed Solomon and convolutional codes along with interleaving to spread erroneous bits are utilized in this work to simulate an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing transceiver. By systematically selecting subcarrier frequencies that do not overlap with the harmonic noise components, simulation results have demonstrated reliable data recovery for signal-to-noise ratio greater than 4 dB.
Zwischen Stellenblockade und Bewerberschutz
Authors: Zwerger Dietmar
Published: February 2022

Ausgehend von einem grundsätzlichen Blick aus der Praxis auf den Komplex des beamtenrechtlichen Konkurrentenstreits erörtert das Buch verschiedene Wege, um im Besetzungsverfahren zu einem angemessenen Ausgleich zwischen „Stellenblockade“ und „Bewerberschutz“ zu gelangen. Hierfür werden zunächst organisatorische Möglichkeiten („organisatorische Determinanten“) untersucht. Danach widmet sich das Werk einer kritischen Analyse des rechtlichen Entscheidungsrahmens im beamtenrechtlichen Besetzungsstreit („rechtliche Determinanten“). Schließlich werden Möglichkeiten des Gerichts („forensische Determinanten“) dargestellt, eine am Grundgedanken des vorläufigen Rechtsschutzes ausgerichtete vollständige Prüfung zu gewährleisten.
Role of Microbial Biopesticides as an Alternative to Insecticides in Integrated Pest Management of Cotton Pests
Authors: N. Malinga Lawrence , D. Laing Mark
Published: February 2022

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is the most produced natural fibre worldwide, and it contributes significantly to the economy of almost 80 cotton-producing countries. Given the high pest infestation, huge amounts of insecticides have been used in cotton production. However, this has resulted in the development of resistance from primary cotton pests and contamination of the environment. Furthermore, the reduction of beneficial insects and outbreaks of secondary pests have been observed. Many arthropod pests are associated with cotton, most of which belong to the orders Lepidoptera, Thysanoptera, and Hemiptera. Biocontrol agents play a critical role in preventing pests in most cotton-growing areas globally. Biological control of cotton pests forms part of integrated pest management as most of these pests have developed resistance against synthetic pesticides. This chapter focuses on the effects of some of the biopesticides, on cotton insect pests. It examines the control of cotton pests using microbial-based products Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus and Metarhizium rileyi. Furthermore, the chapter summarizes the application of microbial biopesticides as well as the advantages and disadvantages of using these biocontrol agents in agriculture.
Physiological Function of Phenolic Compounds in Plant Defense System
Authors: Chowdhary Vibhakar , Alooparampil Sheena , V. Pandya Rohan , G. Tank Jigna
Published: February 2022

Plants respond to various abiotic and biotic stress conditions through accumulation of phenolic compounds. The specificity of these phenolic compounds accumulation depends on the type of stress condition and the response of plant species. Light stress induces biosynthesis of phenolic acids and flavonoids in plants. Temperature stress initially induces biosynthesis of osmoprotective compounds and then later stimulates synthesis of antioxidant enzymes and antioxidant compounds such as flavonoids, tannins and phenolic acids in plant cells. Salinity causes oxidative stress in plants by inducing production of reactive oxygen species. To resist against oxidative stress plants produce polyphenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, phenolic acids and phenolic terpenes. Plants biosynthesize phenols and flavonoids during heavy metal stress.to scavenge the harmful reactive oxygen species and to detoxify the hydrogen peroxide. Plants accumulate phenols at the infection sites to slow down the growth of microbial pathogens and restrict them at infected site. Plants also accumulates salicylic acid and H2O2 at the infection site to induce the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) against microbial pathogens. Plants accumulate phenolic compounds which act as inhibitor or toxicant to harmful nematodes, insects and herbivores. Hence, phenols regulate crucial physiological functions in plants to resist against different stress conditions.
Infarct Stroke and Blood Glucose Associated with Food Consumption in Indonesia
Authors: Martini Santi , Novida Hermina , Kuntoro
Published: February 2022

Stroke is the primary cause of death in adults. It is predicted that the death caused by stroke will increase twice in the next 30 years. In Indonesia, stroke is one of the diseases of the circulatory system, which has been taking the first place of causing death since 2007. Indonesia has rice as the main type of daily food consumed, which has higher glycemic index than other sources. This study aims to find the risk of blood glucose level that determines the incidence of infarct stroke. There were 164 patients enrolled in this study, 82 patients in each stroke and not stroke group. The blood examination is using the enzymatic method, which is the hexokinase method. The results of research revealed that indicators of high blood glucose level were found in infract stroke incidence, including casual blood glucose, fasting blood glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, and glycated hemoglobin. These four indicators were found in a higher level in the infarct stroke than the non-stroke group. Other epidemiological studies have shown that diabetes is a risk factor for stroke. Therefore, education about food selection should be a priority in the effort to prevent infarct stroke and diabetes mellitus in Indonesia.
The Hydrolysates from Fish By-Product, An Opportunity Increasing
Authors: Edgar Zapata Montoya Jose , Franco Sanchez Angie
Published: February 2022

The fishery industries have continuously increased over the last decade. This growth comes accompanied by a high volume of by-products released to environment, because these industries discard between 60 and 70% of their production as waste. This waste includes fish whole or part from these such as fillet remains (15–20%), skin and fins (1–3%), bones (9–15%), heads (9–12%), viscera (12–18%) and scales (5%). This by-products are rich in proteins and lipids which of several nature, which can be recovered to obtain compounds of high added value. In this chapter, some methods to recover compounds from fish by-products will be discussed. Among others, will be discussed topics about postharvest of fish, by-product releasing, enzymatic hydrolysis of by-product and bioactive peptide obtaining from fish waste.
Minerals as Prebiotic Catalysts for Chemical Evolution towards the Origin of Life
Authors: Li Yamei
Published: February 2022

A transition from geochemistry to biochemistry has been considered as a necessary step towards the emergence of primordial life. Nevertheless, how did this transition occur is still elusive. The chemistry underlying this transition is likely not a single event, but involves many levels of creation and reconstruction, finally reaching the molecular, structural, and functional buildup of complexity. Among them, one apparent question is: how the biochemical catalytic system emerged from the mineral-based geochemical system? Inspired by the metal–ligand structures in metalloenzymes, many researchers have proposed that transition metal sulfide minerals could have served as structural analogs of metalloenzymes for catalyzing prebiotic redox conversions. This assumption has been tested and verified to some extent by several studies, which focused on using Earth-abundant transition metal sulfides as catalysts for multi-electron C and N conversions. The progress in this field will be introduced, with a focus on the CO2 fixation and ammonia synthesis from nitrate/nitrite reduction and N2 reduction. Recently developed methods for screening effective mineral catalysts were also reviewed.
Postharvest Management and Marketing of Apples in Mexico
Authors: Manuel Covarrubias-Ramírez Juan , Manuel Parga-Torres Víctor , Guillermo Martínez-Rodríguez Juan
Published: February 2022

México produced 745,820 tons of apple fruit in 2020 and does not supply the national demand, so imports must be made. Apple production is from July to October in the year, the highest production is in September and is destined for national consumption. In the fresh market, the highest sale price is in July and August, but as of November the price drops. For that reason, the business producers use refrigeration. The refrigerators can be 1500 cubic meters or higher, and cooled with harmless gases to avoid damage to the atmosphere, the refrigerator must have a temperature of 3.3 to 3.9° C, a CO2 concentration of less than 10% and a concentration of oxygen from 2.0 to 2.5%. In the region the best refrigerators use liquid nitrogen and can take out their apple slowly each month to supply the market at a better price. To keep the fruit in CA until January of the following year, to have prices higher than $50 Mexican pesos per kilo (2.45 US dollars).
Seed Priming with Phytohormones
Authors: Saheed Ibrahim Musa , Moses Nathan , Ikhajiagbe Beckley
Published: February 2022

Improving growth and yield properties of plats has been the major aim of most researchers in plat science field. Several strategies have been suggested in order to sustainably improve crop yield. Among these strategies is biopriming, has gained the highest attention being the most effective strategy. Biopriming is a technique involving pre-soaking of plant seed into a solution in order for the metabolic processes to be enhanced before to germination, thereby improving the percentage and rate of germination and increase seedling growth and crop yield under normal and different environmental stresses. The most important aspects of phytohormones is that they are very essential in the regulation of plant development and growth and also functions as an essential chemical messengers, allowing plants to thrive even during exposure to various stresses. Priming plant seeds with phytohormones has led to improved growth and yield of plants in developing countries. Furthermore, it has emerged as an important tool for mitigating the effects of environmental stress. However, this innovation has received less attention from local farmers and merger work has been reported. Therefore, this review discusses the mechanism and potential role of priming with phytohormones to enhance crop productivity and improve plant tolerance to biotic and abiotic stressors.
An Assessment and Control of AFM1 in Milk and Main Dairy Products in Lahore, Pakistan
Authors: Afzal Gill Umaar , Zameer Durrani Aneela , Usman Muhammad
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this study is to investigate the presence of Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in local and processed milk and main dairy products available in Lahore. Total 60 milk samples and 120 samples of dairy products including butter (n = 30), cheese (n = 30), cream (n = 30), and yogurt (n = 30) were collected. Milk samples were collected from 3 different sources i.e. unprocessed milk from local milk shop (n = 20) and a local dairy farm (n = 20), and processed milk sample from a commercial shop (n = 20) while samples of each dairy product were also different i.e. processed (n = 15) and unprocessed (n = 15). Milk samples were analyzed using kit method while dairy product samples were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique equipped with fluorescence detector (HPLC-FLD) followed by immunoaffinity column clean up. In second phase of the study, efficacy of three different toxin binders was compared and analyzed. The results showed that AFM1 was detected in 16.7% of processed butter samples, 33.3% of processed cheese samples, 13.3% of local cream samples and 26.6% of processed yogurt samples and these samples exceeds European Union (EU) permissible limits of 0.05 ppb with mean concentration 0.090 ± 0.180 μg/kg and 0.000 ± 0.000 μg/kg for processed and local butter samples, 0.350 ± 0.606 μg/kg and 0.000 ± 0.000 μg/kg for processed and local cheese samples, 0.000 ± 0.000 μg/kg and 0.542 ± 1.085 μg/kg for processed and local cream samples and 0.552 ± 1.001 μg/kg and 0.000 ± 0.000 μg/kg for processed and local yogurt samples, respectively. Moreover, milk samples showed highest AFM1 (62%) in local unprocessed dairy farm followed by samples from local milk shop (51%) and commercial dairy farm (31%). In addition, therapeutic efficacy of three different types of toxin binders showed that the toxin binder which had yeast wall (75%) and algae (25%) is the best to control AFM1 under field conditions. Overall, results of this study are valuable for dairy farmers on one hand and law enforcement authorities on the other to comprehend and control AFM1 problem in milk and main dairy products.
Revision of the Tomoderinae (Coleoptera: Anthicidae). Part III. New species and records of Macrotomoderus Pic, 1901 from China and a key to the Palaearctic species
Authors: Telnov Dmitry
Published: February 2022

Descriptions of the following 23 species of Macrotomoderus Pic, 1901 new to science, from continental China, are provided as an addition to the recently published review of the genus from China and Taiwan (Telnov 2018): M. angelinii, M. belousovi, M. bicrispus, M. boops, M. bordonii, M. dali, M. daxiangling, M. femoridens, M. hajeki, M. hartmanni, M. hengduan, M. imitator, M. kabaki, M. korolevi, M. lapidarius, M. muli, M. palaung, M. similis, M. tenuis, M. transitans, M. truncatulus, M. usitatus, and M. wudu spp. nov. Additional records are provided for some poorly known species. The identification key to the species of Macrotomoderus from China, the Japanese Archipelago, and Taiwan is herewith significantly supplemented and updated. Biogeographical peculiarities and altitudinal gradient of Macrotomoderus distribution in continental China are briefly discussed.
Modern Martyrdom and Material Culture
Authors: Gherbrial Monica
Published: February 2022

Martyrdom has long been associated with the essence of the Coptic identity. The public execution of the 21 Martyrs of Libya in 2015 allowed for a rekindling of the Coptic narrative of persecution both locally and globally through digital and physical material culture. This movement occurred in the aftermath of decades of significant social and political change which redefined the structure of Egyptian society and the place of the Coptic minority within it. Digital material culture in the form of social media campaigns, an animation film and recorded interviews allow for a global audience and an international outcry from Copts around the globe, creating a new sense of unity in suffering that transcends physical boundaries. The physical material culture includes traditional iconography and a church that serves as a local monument to the legacy of sacrifice left by the 21. Together, physical and digital material culture intertwine to preserve the heritage of the Copts in a movement of solidarity never before seen. The martyrdom of the twenty-first occurred during a time filled with social and political change around the world, fueled by activism and resistance to long-established societal norms.
Role of the epidermal growth factor receptor in thrombin regulated vascular smooth muscle cells proliferation
Authors: Smiljanić K. , Resanović I. , Savić K. , Jovanović A. , Zafirović S. , Obradović M. , Isenović E.R.
Published: February 2022

The common factor in the development of vascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension and restenosis, is excessive accumulation and proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) within inner (intima) layer of vessel wall. Thrombin, a key player in athero-coagulation maze, mediates the regulation of vascular permeability and contraction, migration and proliferation of VSMC, attracting monocytes and a variety of proinflammatory markers in atherosclerotic lesions. Thrombin exerts its effects either directly as serine proteinases and/or via activation of its G proteins coupled receptors (GPCR). It has been shown that thrombin mediates transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) within the process of VSMC proliferation. EGFR transactivation process through the activation of thrombin protease activated receptor (PAR), includes a matrix metalloproteinase cleavage of membrane ligands precursors such as epidermal growth factor like growth factor that binds heparin (HB-EGF) that binds to the EGFR and activates it, leading to VSMC proliferation via downstream signaling pathways of mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK). This review article presents review of the new literature data concerning: the role of EGFR activation in mediating the proliferative effect of thrombin in VSMC and understanding of the concept of the triple cascade of EGFR transactivation stimulated by thrombin in the mechanism of VSMC proliferation.
Danza educativa en el aula actual: percepción y formación de los docentes en Primaria y Secundaria
Authors: Pastor Prada Raquel , Vicente Nicolás Gregorio , López Melgarejo Alba María , L´opez Núñez Norberto
Published: February 2022

The main objective of this research was to analyse the perception and understanding of the concept of Dance Education of teachers of Primary and Secondary Education in Spain. The sample consisted of 198 male and 107 female teachers (N = 309) of Primary and Secondary School. For the collection of information, an ad hoc questionnaire was designed which includes three dimensions: (1) descriptive and training data, (2) understanding of the concept of Dance Education and self-perception of teaching competence to perform movement and dance activities; (3) implementation, uses and benefits of dance in the classroom. The results revealed that three quarters of the participants received no or very little university and further training in movement and dance, although half of the sample had a good understanding of the Dance Education and felt they had the necessary training to implement it in the classroom. The results showed significant differences depending on the age of the participants, the speciality studied and the educational stage in which they are teaching.

El objetivo principal de esta investigación ha sido analizar la percepción y la comprensión del concepto de Danza Educativa de docentes en activo de Educación Primaria y Secundaria en España. La muestra está formada por 198 profesoras y 107 profesores en ejercicio (N = 309) de Educación Primaria y Secundaria. Para la recogida de información se diseñó un cuestionario ad hoc que contempla tres dimensiones: (1) datos descriptivos y de formación, (2) comprensión del concepto de Danza Educativa y autopercepción sobre la competencia docente para realizar actividades de movimiento y danza; (3) implementación, usos y beneficios de la danza en el aula. Los resultados revelaron que tres cuartas partes de los participantes recibieron ninguna o muy poca formación universitaria y complementaria sobre movimiento y danza, si bien la mitad de la muestra conocía bien la Danza Educativa y se sentía con la formación necesaria para implementarla en el aula. Los resultados visibilizaron diferencias significativas dependiendo de la edad de los participantes, la especialidad cursada y la etapa educativa en la que desarrollan su actividad docente.
Competencias digitales de los profesores universitarios durante la pandemia por covid-19 en el Perú
Authors: Huerta Soto Rosario Mercedes , Guzman Avalos Magna , Flores Albornoz Judith Isabel , Tomas Aguilar Segundo Juvencio
Published: February 2022

Information and communication technologies have had a significant impact on people's quality of life in recent years. But, its educational potential has yet to be fully realized. In the wake of the covid-19 outbreak, this article presents an examination of the digital competence of university professors. The development of these talents among university professors was studied. To collect data, Google Forms was used to create online surveys. Requests were sent to the 240 professors of the Universidad Nacional Santiago Antunez de Mayolo via institutional email, and the responses of the 187 professors were included in the SPSS V26 database as a result of the outbreak. The findings show that university professors have sufficient digital skills, but their use in non-face-to-face classrooms is restricted, requiring a review of training programs in public institutions in this context of the COVID-19 epidemic.

Las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación han tenido un impacto significativo en la calidad de vida de las personas en los últimos años. Pero, su potencial educativo aún no se ha realizado plenamente. A raíz del brote de covid-19, en este artículo se presenta un examen de la competencia digital de los profesores universitarios. Se estudió el desarrollo de estos talentos entre los profesores universitarios. Para recopilar datos, se utilizó Google Forms para crear encuestas en línea. Se enviaron solicitudes a los 240 profesores de la Universidad Nacional Santiago Antunez de Mayolo a través del correo electrónico institucional, y las respuestas de los 187 profesores se incluyeron en la base de datos SPSS V26 como resultado del brote. Los hallazgos muestran que los profesores universitarios tienen suficientes habilidades digitales, pero su uso en aulas no presenciales está restringido, lo que requiere una revisión de los programas de capacitación en instituciones públicas en este contexto de epidemia de COVID-19
On some inverse problem for bi-parabolic equation with observed data in L^{p} spaces
Authors: Tuan Nguyen Huy
Published: February 2022

The bi-parabolic equation has many practical significance in the field of heat transfer. The objective of the paper is to provide a regularized problem for bi-parabolic equation when the observed data are obtained in \(L^p\). We are interested in looking at three types of inverse problems. Regularization results in the \(L^2\) space appears in many related papers, but the survey results are rare in \(L^p\), \(p \neq 2\). The first problem related to the inverse source problem when the source function has split form. For this problem, we introduce the error between the Fourier regularized solution and the exact solution in \(L^p\) spaces. For the inverse initial problem for both linear and nonlinear cases, we applied the Fourier series truncation method. Under the terminal input data observed in \(L^p\), we obtain the approximated solution also in the space \(L^p\). Under some reasonable smoothness assumptions of the exact solution, the error between the the regularized solution and the exact solution are derived in the space \(L^p\). This paper seems to generalize to previous results for bi-parabolic equation on this direction.
Unsupervised learning of haptic material properties
Authors: Metzger Anna , Toscani Matteo
Published: February 2022

When touching the surface of an object, its spatial structure translates into a vibration on the skin. The perceptual system evolved to translate this pattern into a representation that allows to distinguish between different materials. Here, we show that perceptual haptic representation of materials emerges from efficient encoding of vibratory patterns elicited by the interaction with materials. We trained a deep neural network with unsupervised learning (Autoencoder) to reconstruct vibratory patterns elicited by human haptic exploration of different materials. The learned compressed representation (i.e., latent space) allows for classification of material categories (i.e., plastic, stone, wood, fabric, leather/wool, paper, and metal). More importantly, classification performance is higher with perceptual category labels as compared to ground truth ones, and distances between categories in the latent space resemble perceptual distances, suggesting a similar coding. Crucially, the classification performance and the similarity between the perceptual and the latent space decrease with decreasing compression level. We could further show that the temporal tuning of the emergent latent dimensions is similar to properties of human tactile receptors.
NBI-921352, a first-in-class, NaV1.6 selective, sodium channel inhibitor that prevents seizures in Scn8a gain-of-function mice, and wild-type mice and rats
Authors: Johnson JP , Focken Thilo , Khakh Kuldip , Tari Parisa Karimi , Dube Celine , Goodchild Samuel J , Andrez Jean-Christophe , Bankar Girish , Bogucki David , Burford Kristen , Chang Elaine , Chowdhury Sultan , Dean Richard , de Boer Gina , Decker Shannon , Dehnhardt Christoph , Feng Mandy , Gong Wei , Grimwood Michael , Hasan Abid , Hussainkhel Angela , Jia Qi , Lee Stephanie , Li Jenny , Lin Sophia , Lindgren Andrea , Lofstrand Verner , Mezeyova Janette , Namdari Rostam , Nelkenbrecher Karen , Shuart Noah Gregory , Sojo Luis , Sun Shaoyi , Taron Matthew , Waldbrook Matthew , Weeratunge Diana , Wesolowski Steven , Williams Aaron , Wilson Michael , Xie Zhiwei , Yoo Rhena , Young Clint , Zenova Alla , Zhang Wei , Cutts Alison J , Sherrington Robin P , Pimstone Simon N , Winquist Raymond , Cohen Charles J , Empfield James R
Published: February 2022

NBI-921352 (formerly XEN901) is a novel sodium channel inhibitor designed to specifically target NaV1.6 channels. Such a molecule provides a precision-medicine approach to targetSCN8A-related epilepsy syndromes (SCN8A-RES), where gain-of-function (GoF) mutations lead to excess NaV1.6 sodium current, or other indications where NaV1.6 mediated hyper-excitability contributes to disease (Gardella and Møller, 2019; Johannesen et al., 2019; Veeramah et al., 2012). NBI-921352 is a potent inhibitor of NaV1.6 (IC500.051 µM), with exquisite selectivity over other sodium channel isoforms (selectivity ratios of 756 X for NaV1.1, 134 X for NaV1.2, 276 X for NaV1.7, and >583 Xfor NaV1.3, NaV1.4, and NaV1.5). NBI-921352is a state-dependent inhibitor, preferentially inhibiting inactivatedchannels. The state dependence leads to potent stabilization of inactivation, inhibiting NaV1.6 currents, including resurgent and persistent NaV1.6 currents, while sparing the closed/rested channels. The isoform-selective profile of NBI-921352 led to a robust inhibition of action-potential firing in glutamatergic excitatory pyramidal neurons, while sparing fast-spiking inhibitory interneurons, where NaV1.1 predominates. Oral administration of NBI-921352 prevented electrically induced seizures in aScn8aGoF mouse,as well as in wild-type mouse and ratseizure models. NBI-921352 was effective in preventing seizures at lower brain and plasma concentrations than commonly prescribed sodium channel inhibitor anti-seizure medicines (ASMs) carbamazepine, phenytoin, and lacosamide. NBI-921352 waswell tolerated at higher multiples of the effective plasma and brain concentrations than those ASMs. NBI-921352 is entering phase II proof-of-concept trials for the treatment ofSCN8A-developmental epileptic encephalopathy (SCN8A-DEE) and adult focal-onset seizures.
Environmental enrichment enhances patterning and remodeling of synaptic nanoarchitecture as revealed by STED nanoscopy
Authors: Wegner Waja , Steffens Heinz , Gregor Carola , Wolf Fred , Willig Katrin I
Published: February 2022

Synaptic plasticity underlies long-lasting structural and functional changes to brain circuitry and its experience-dependent remodeling can be fundamentally enhanced by environmental enrichment. It is however unknown, whether and how the environmental enrichment alters the morphology and dynamics of individual synapses. Here, we present a virtually crosstalk-free two-color in vivo stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope to simultaneously superresolve the dynamics of endogenous PSD95 of the post-synaptic density and spine geometry in the mouse cortex. In general, the spine head geometry and PSD95 assemblies were highly dynamic, their changes depended linearly on their original size but correlated only mildly. With environmental enrichment, the size distributions of PSD95 and spine head sizes were sharper than in controls, indicating that synaptic strength is set more uniformly. The topography of the PSD95 nanoorganization was more dynamic after environmental enrichment; changes in size were smaller but more correlated than in mice housed in standard cages. Thus, two-color in vivo time-lapse imaging of synaptic nanoorganization uncovers a unique synaptic nanoplasticity associated with the enhanced learning capabilities under environmental enrichment.
Comparing different farming habitats for mid-water rope nurseries to advance coral restoration efforts in the Maldives
Authors: Dehnert Inga , Saponari Luca , Galli Paolo , Montano Simone
Published: February 2022

The need for comprehensive and effective coral restoration projects, as part of a broader conservation management strategy, is accelerating in the face of coral reef ecosystem decline. This study aims to expand the currently limited knowledge base for restoration techniques in the Maldives by testing the performance of mid-water rope nurseries in a lagoon and a reef habitat. We examined whether different coral farming habitats impacted fragment survival, health and growth of two coral genera and how the occurrence of mutualistic fauna, predation and disease influenced coral rearing success. Two nurseries were stocked with a total of 448Pocillopora verrucosaand 96Acroporaspp. fragments, divided into different groups (fourPocilloporagroups: lagoon nursery at 5 m; reef nursery at 5, 10 and 15 m; twoAcroporagroups: lagoon nursery at 5 m and reef nursery at 5 m). Eight fragment replicates from the same donor colony (Pocilloporagenets:N = 14,AcroporagenetsN = 6) were used in each group and monitored for one year. Our results show that fragment survival was high in both farming habitats (>90%), withP. verrucosasurviving significantly better in the lagoon andAcroporaspp. surviving and growing significantly faster in the reef nursery.P. verrucosagrowth rates were similar between reef and lagoon habitat. Different rearing depths in the reef nursery had no impact on the survival ofP. verrucosabut coral growth decreased considerably with depth, reducing fragments’ ecological volume augmentation and growth rates by almost half from 5 to 15 m depth. Further, higher fish predation rates on fragments were recorded on the reef, which did not impact overall nursery performance. Mutualistic fauna, which correlated positively with fragment survival, was more frequently observed in the lagoon nursery. The occurrence of disease was noted in both habitats, even though implications for fragment health were more severe in the lagoon. Overall, our study demonstrates that lagoon and reef nurseries are suitable for rearing large numbers of coral fragments for transplantation. Nevertheless, we recommend considering the specific environmental conditions of the farming habitat, in particular water quality and year-round accessibility, in each case and to adjust the coral farming strategy accordingly. We hope that this novel research encourages the increased application of mid-water rope nurseries for ‘coral gardening’ to advance coral reef recovery and climate resilience in the Maldives.