bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A graph-theoretic approach to map conceptual designs to XML schemas
Authors: Franceschet Massimo , Gubiani Donatella , Montanari Angelo , Piazza Carla
Published: April 2013

We propose a mapping from a database conceptual design to a schema for XML that produces highly connected and nested XML structures. We first introduce two alternative definitions of the mapping, one modeling entities as global XML elements and expressing relationships among them in terms of keys and key references (flat design), the other one encoding relationships by properly including the elements for some entities into the elements for other entities (nest design). Then we provide a benchmark evaluation of the two solutions showing that the nest approach, compared to the flat one, leads to improvements in both query and validation performances. This motivates us to systematically investigate the best way to nest XML structures. We identify two different nesting solutions: a maximum
depth
nesting, that keeps low the number of costly join operations that are necessary to reconstruct information at query time using the mapped schema, and a maximum
density
nesting, that minimizes the number of schema constraints used in the mapping of the conceptual schema, thus reducing the validation overhead. On the one hand, the problem of finding a maximum depth nesting turns out to be NP-complete and, moreover, it admits no constant ratio approximation algorithm. On the other hand, we devise a graph-theoretic algorithm, NiduX, that solves the maximum density problem in linear time. Interestingly, NiduX finds the optimal solution for the harder maximum depth problem whenever the conceptual design graph is either acyclic or complete. In randomly generated intermediate cases of the graph topology, we experimentally show that NiduX finds a good approximation of the optimal solution.
Adapting scientific workflow structures using multi-objective optimization strategies
Authors: Habib Irfan , Anjum Ashiq , Mcclatchey Richard , Rana Omer
Published: April 2013

Scientific workflows have become the primary mechanism for conducting analyses on distributed computing infrastructures such as grids and clouds. In recent years, the focus of optimization within scientific workflows has primarily been on computational tasks and workflow makespan. However, as workflow-based analysis becomes ever more data intensive, data optimization is becoming a prime concern. Moreover, scientific workflows can scale along several dimensions: (i) number of computational tasks, (ii) heterogeneity of computational resources, and the (iii) size and type (static versus streamed) of data involved. Adapting workflow structure in response to these scalability challenges remains an important research objective. Understanding how a workflow graph can be restructured in an automated manner (through task merge, for instance), to address constraints of a particular execution environment is explored in this work, using a multi-objective evolutionary approach. Our approach attempts to adapt the workflow structure to achieve both compute and data optimization. The question of when to terminate the evolutionary search in order to conserve computations is tackled with a novel termination criterion. The results presented in this article demonstrate the feasibility of the termination criterion and demonstrate that significant optimization can be achieved with a multi-objective approach.
SIGWEB history project
Authors: White Bebo
Published: April 2013

This article provides a brief history of ACM SIGWEB with the intention of launching an organized project for collecting and archiving resources relevant to the history of the SIGWEB efforts. Documents and media of all types are welcome. SIGWEB was founded prior to the World Wide Web but has evolved in parallel with it. A historical archive documenting the role of SIGWEB will be an invaluable resource for researchers and students interested in hypertext and Web technologies of the past that will affect a future Web. All SIGWEB members are encouraged to review their professional files for potential contributions. In addition, longtime members are encouraged to provide personal reflections and/or oral histories.
Global Attractivity of a Diffusive Nicholson's Blowflies Equation with Multiple Delays
Authors: Liu Xiongwei , Wang Xiao
Published: April 2013

The present paper considers a diffusive Nicholson's blowflies model with multiple delays under a Neumann boundary condition. Delay independent conditions are derived for the global attractivity of the trivial equilibrium and the positive equilibrium, respectively. Two open problems concerning the stability of positive equilibrium and the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation are proposed.
The Study of Westward Drift in the Main Geomagnetic Field
Authors: Bayanjargal G.
Published: April 2013

We have obtained a solution for the velocity of westward drift from the induction equation in which an approach for main geomagnetic field was built. Distribution functionsB(r, t) entered into the induction equation have been built by the observatories' data in North America and the Europe from 1991 to 2006. The longitudinal −0.123 degree/year and latitudinal 0.068 degree/year drifts were defined in North America. And the longitudinal −0.257 degree/year drift was defined in Europe from 1991 to 2006. These drifts are similar to results of other studies.
ATP Is Required and Advances Cytokine-Induced Gap Junction Formation in Microglia In Vitro
Authors: Sáez Pablo J. , Shoji Kenji F. , Retamal Mauricio A. , Harcha Paloma A. , Ramírez Gigliola , Jiang Jean X. , von Bernhardi Rommy , Sáez Juan C.
Published: April 2013

Microglia are the immune cells in the central nervous system. After injury microglia release bioactive molecules, including cytokines and ATP, which modify the functional state of hemichannels (HCs) and gap junction channels (GJCs), affecting the intercellular communication via extracellular and intracellular compartments, respectively. Here, we studied the role of extracellular ATP and several cytokines as modulators of the functional state of microglial HCs and GJCs using dye uptake and dye coupling techniques, respectively. In microglia and the microglia cell line EOC20, ATP advanced the TNF-α/IFN-γ-induced dye coupling, probably through the induction of IL-1βrelease. Moreover, TNF-α/IFN-γ, but not TNF-αplus ATP, increased dye uptake in EOC20 cells. Blockade of Cx43 and Panx1 HCs prevented dye coupling induced by TNF-α/IFN-γ, but not TNF-αplus ATP. In addition, IL-6 prevented the induction of dye coupling and HC activity induced by TNF-α/IFN-γin EOC20 cells. Our data support the notion that extracellular ATP affects the cellular communication between microglia through autocrine and paracrine mechanisms, which might affect the timing of immune response under neuroinflammatory conditions.
The Inviscid Limit Behavior for Smooth Solutions of the Boussinesq System
Authors: Zhu Junlei
Published: April 2013

The inviscid limit problem for the smooth solutions of the Boussinesq system is studied in this paper. We prove theHsconvergence result of this system as the diffusion and the viscosity coefficients vanish with the initial data belonging toHs. Moreover, theHsconvergence rate is given if we allow more regularity on the initial data.
Anti‐Icing Property of Superhydrophobic Octadecyltrichlorosilane Film and Its Ice Adhesion Strength
Authors: Ge Liang , Ding Guifu , Wang Hong , Yao Jinyuan , Cheng Ping , Wang Yan
Published: April 2013

An octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) superhydrophobic film using phase‐separation method was prepared to demonstrate the anti‐icing property of superhydrophobic surfaces. The superhydrophobicity of the film at −5∘C was investigated. It was found that the prepared OTS film retained its superhydrophobicity at −5∘C by the measurement of contact angle and roll‐off angle. The icing progress of water droplets on the surface at −15∘C was observed. It showed that the prepared OTS film can markedly retard the icing process of water droplets and dramatically decrease the ice adhesion strength compared with that of blank surface, which can be used as anti‐icing surfaces.
Interleukin-19 in Breast Cancer
Authors: Chen Ying-Yin , Li Chien-Feng , Yeh Ching-Hua , Chang Ming-Shi , Hsing Chung-Hsi
Published: April 2013

Inflammatory cytokines within the tumor microenvironment are linked to progression in breast cancer. Interleukin- (IL-) 19, part of the IL-10 family, contributes to a range of diseases and disorders, such as asthma, endotoxic shock, uremia, psoriasis, and rheumatoid arthritis. IL-19 is expressed in several types of tumor cells, especially in squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, tongue, esophagus, and lung and invasive duct carcinoma of the breast. In breast cancer, IL-19 expression is correlated with increased mitotic figures, advanced tumor stage, higher metastasis, and poor survival. The mechanisms of IL-19 in breast cancer have recently been explored bothin vitroandin vivo. IL-19 has an autocrine effect in breast cancer cells. It directly promotes proliferation and migration and indirectly provides a microenvironment for tumor progression, which suggests that IL-19 is a prognostic marker in breast cancer and that antagonizing IL-19 may have therapeutic potential.
Some Local Properties of Soft Semi-Open Sets
Authors: Chen Bin
Published: April 2013

We introduce some local properties by soft semi-open sets. For example, soft semi-neighborhoods of the soft point, soft semi-first-countable spaces and soft semi-pu-continuous at the soft point are given. Furthermore, we define soft semi-connectedness and prove that a soft topological space is soft semiconnected if and only if both soft semi-open and soft semi-closed sets are only∅andX~.
Protective Effect of Brazilian Propolis against Liver Damage with Cholestasis in Rats Treated withα-Naphthylisothiocyanate
Authors: Nakamura Tadashi , Ohta Yoshiji , Ohashi Koji , Ikeno Kumiko , Watanabe Rie , Tokunaga Kenji , Harada Nobuhiro
Published: April 2013

We examined the protective effect of Brazilian propolis against liver damage with cholestasis in rats treated withα-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) in comparison with that of vitamin E (VE). Rats orally received Brazilian propolis ethanol extract (BPEE) (25, 50, or 100 mg/kg), VE (250 mg/kg) or vehicle at 12 h after intraperitoneal injection of ANIT (75 mg/kg) and were killed 24 h after the injection. Vehicle-treated rats showed liver cell damage and cholestasis, judging from the levels of serum marker enzymes and components. The vehicle group had increased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and lipid peroxide levels, increased hepatic lipid peroxide, reduced glutathione, and ascorbic acid levels and myeloperoxidase activity, and decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity. BPEE (50 mg/kg) administered to ANIT-treated rats prevented liver cell damage and cholestasis and attenuated these serum and hepatic biochemical changes except hepatic ascorbic acid, although administered BPEE (25 or 100 mg/kg) was less effective. VE administered to ANIT-treated rats prevented liver cell damage, but not cholestasis, and attenuated increased serum lipid peroxide level, increased hepatic lipid peroxide level and myeloperoxidase activity, and decreased hepatic superoxide dismutase activity. These results indicate that BPEE protects against ANIT-induced liver damage with cholestasis in rats more effectively than VE.
Severe Emphysema Treated by Endoscopic Bronchial Volume Reduction with Lung Sealant (AeriSeal)
Authors: Falkenstern-Ge R. F. , Ingerl H. , Kohlhäufl M.
Published: April 2013

Endoscopic lung volume reduction using lung sealant is a very new and innovative treatment option for patients with severe progressive and irreversible lung emphysema. A 55-year-old ex-smoker (60 pack years) referred to our center because of severe lung emphysema with progressive worsening of the obstructive ventilator pattern and clinical condition. We detected collateral channels of this patient by using the Chartis system. Therefore, we decided to treat the advanced emphysema of our patient with endoscopic volume reduction using lung sealant (AeriSeal). The foam of lung sealant AeriSeal is instilled into the peripheral airways and alveoli where it polymerizes and functions as tissue glue on the lung surface in order to seal the target region to cause durable irreversible absorption atelectasis. The follow-up evaluation 12 weeks later showed improved lung function (increased FEV 1/partial oxygen pressure/peripheral oxygen saturation and a reduction of TLC and RV) with improved quality of life. Correlation between changes in primary and secondary outcome measures in the lung function parameters and 6-minute-walking test before and 12 weeks after the application of lung sealant revealed significant reduction of hyperinflation and improvement both in the flow rates and in the physical capability of this patient.
Bifurcation Analysis in a Two-Dimensional Neutral Differential Equation
Authors: Liu Ming , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: April 2013

The dynamics of a 2-dimensional neural network model in neutral form are investigated. We prove that a sequence of Hopf bifurcations occurs at the origin as the delay increases. The direction of the Hopf bifurcations and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are determined by using normal form method and center manifold theory. Global existence of periodic solutions is established using a global Hopf bifurcation result of Krawcewicz et al. Finally, some numerical simulations are carried out to support the analytic results.
Nonlinear Filtering Preserves Chaotic Synchronization via Master-Slave System
Authors: González-Salas J. S. , Campos-Cantón E. , Ordaz-Salazar F. C. , Jiménez-López E.
Published: April 2013

We present a study on a class of interconnected nonlinear systems and give some criteria for them to behave like a filter. Some chaotic systems present this kind of interconnected nonlinear structure, which enables the synchronization of a master-slave system. Interconnected nonlinear filters have been defined in terms of interconnected nonlinear systems. Furthermore, their behaviors have been studied numerically and theoretically on different input signals.
On Fibonacci Functions with Period
Authors: Sroysang Banyat
Published: April 2013

A function is said to be a Fibonacci function if for all . In 2012, some properties on the Fibonacci functions were presented. In this paper, for any positive integer , a function is said to be a Fibonacci function with period if for all ; we present some properties on the Fibonacci functions with period .
Participatory Research for Preventing Pesticide-Related DSH and Suicide in Sundarban, India: A Brief Report
Authors: Chowdhury Arabinda N. , Banerjee Sohini , Brahma Arabinda , Biswas Mrinal K.
Published: April 2013

Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a major public health problem in the Sundarban region, India. This study is aimed to develop a DSH-suicide prevention programme based on the principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR). Perception and opinion of community about the problem of pesticide-related DSH and suicide were elicited in a series of facilitated focus group discussions in Namkhana block of Sundarban region. Based on their suggestion, a broad preventive programme was launched involving the development of information, education, and communication (IEC) and training modules and training of the stakeholders of the block. Most of the members of each target group found that the IEC materials were culture fair (message is acceptable, understandable, and meaningful in the local context) and very useful. Analysis of Dwariknagar BPHC, DSH admission data showed a definite reduction of DSH incidents after this CBPR approach to prevention was initiated. Similar model of DSH prevention in the other blocks of Sundarban region or in agricultural community may help to reduce the enormous mortality and morbidity from pesticide-related DSH and suicide.
Evaluating the Efficiency of School Preceptors by Fuzzy Risk Analysis
Authors: Saneifard Rasoul , Saneifard Rahim
Published: April 2013

This paper presents a new method for evaluating the efficiency of school preceptors based on fuzzy number arithmetic operations. It uses fuzzy numbers to represent fuzzy grades. The fuzzy weights of criteria are automatically generated from the opinions of evaluators. The simplified fuzzy number arithmetic operations are used for calculating the average of fuzzy numbers. It can evaluate the efficiency of school preceptors in a more flexible and more intelligent manner.
Discordance of Non-HDL and Directly Measured LDL Cholesterol: Which Lipid Measure is Preferred When Calculated LDL Is Inaccurate?
Authors: Baruch Lawrence , Chiong Valerie J. , Agarwal Sanjay , Gupta Bhanu
Published: April 2013

Objective. To determine if non-HDL cholesterol (N-HDL) and directly measured LDL cholesterol (D-LDL) are clinically equivalent measurements. Patients and Methods. Eighty-one subjects recruited for 2 cholesterol treatment studies had at least 1 complete fasting lipid panel and D-LDL performed simultaneously; 64 had a second assessment after 4 to 6 weeks, resulting in 145 triads of C-LDL, D-LDL, and N-HDL. To directly compare N-HDL to D-LDL and C-LDL, we normalized the N-HDL by subtracting 30 from the N-HDL (N-HDLA). Results. There was significant correlation between N-HDLA, D-LDL, and C-LDL. Correlation was significantly greater between N-HDLA and C-LDL than between N-HDLA and D-LDL. A greater than 20 mg/dL difference between measures was observed more commonly between N-HDLA and D-LDL, 29%, than between C-LDL and N-HDLA, 11% (P<0.001), and C-LDL and D-LDL, 17% (P=0.028). Clinical discordance was most common, and concordance was least common between N-HDL and D-LDL. Conclusions. Our findings suggest that N-HDL cholesterol and D-LDL cholesterol are not clinically equivalent and frequently discordant. As N-HDL may be superior to even C-LDL for predicting events in statin-treated patients, utilizing N-HDL to guide therapy would appear to be preferable to D-LDL when C-LDL is inaccurate.
Extreme Elevations in Blood Pressure and All-Cause Mortality in a Referred CKD Population: Results from the CRISIS Study
Authors: Ritchie James , Rainone Francesco , Green Darren , Alderson Helen , Chiu Diana , Middleton Rachel , O’Donoghue Donal , Kalra Philip A.
Published: April 2013

Hypertension frequently complicates chronic kidney disease (CKD), with studies showing clinical benefit from blood pressure lowering. Subgroups of patients with severe hypertension exist. We aimed to identify patients with the greatest mortality risk from uncontrolled hypertension to define the prevalence and phenotype of patients who might benefit from adjunctive therapies. 1691 all-cause CKD patients from the CRISIS study were grouped by baseline blood pressure—target (<140/80 mmHg); elevated (140–190/80–100 mmHg); extreme (>190 and/or 100 mmHg). Groups were well matched for age, eGFR, and comorbidities. 77 patients had extreme hypertension at recruitment but no increased mortality risk (HR 0.9,P=0.9) over a median follow-up period of 4.5 years. The 1.2% of patients with extreme hypertension at recruitment and at 12-months had a significantly increased mortality risk (HR 4.3,P=0.01). This association was not seen in patients with baseline extreme hypertension and improved 12-month blood pressures (HR 0.86,P=0.5). Most CKD patients with extreme hypertension respond to pharmacological blood pressure control, reducing their risk for death. Patients with extreme hypertension in whom blood pressure control cannot be achieved have an approximate prevalence of 1%. These patients have an increased mortality risk and may be an appropriate group to consider for further therapies, including renal nerve ablation.
Role of Pore-Forming Toxins in Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Sonnen Andreas F.-P. , Henneke Philipp
Published: April 2013

Protein toxins are important virulence factors contributing to neonatal sepsis. The major pathogens of neonatal sepsis, group B Streptococci,Escherichia coli,Listeria monocytogenes, andStaphylococcus aureus, secrete toxins of different molecular nature, which are key for defining the disease. Amongst these toxins are pore-forming exotoxins that are expressed as soluble monomers prior to engagement of the target cell membrane with subsequent formation of an aqueous membrane pore. Membrane pore formation is not only a means for immediate lysis of the targeted cell but also a general mechanism that contributes to penetration of epithelial barriers and evasion of the immune system, thus creating survival niches for the pathogens. Pore-forming toxins, however, can also contribute to the induction of inflammation and hence to the manifestation of sepsis. Clearly, pore-forming toxins are not the sole factors that drive sepsis progression, but they often act in concert with other bacterial effectors, especially in the initial stages of neonatal sepsis manifestation.
Characterization of the Fungal Microbiome (Mycobiome) in Fecal Samples from Dogs
Authors: Foster M. Lauren , Dowd Scot E. , Stephenson Christine , Steiner Jörg M. , Suchodolski Jan S.
Published: April 2013

The prevalence and phylogenetic description of fungal organisms and their role as part of the intestinal ecosystem have not yet been studied extensively in dogs. This study evaluated the fungal microbiome of 19 dogs (12 healthy dogs and 7 dogs with acute diarrhea) using fungal tag-encoded FLX-Titanium amplicon pyrosequencing. Five distinct fungal phyla were identified, withAscomycota(medians: 97.9% of obtained sequences in healthy dogs and 98.2% in diseased dogs) andBasidiomycota(median 1.0% in healthy dogs and median 0.5% in diseased dogs) being the most abundant fungal phyla. A total of 219 fungal genera were identified across all 19 dogs with a median (range) of 28 (4–69) genera per sample.Candidawas the most abundant genus found in both the diseased dogs (median: 1.9%, range: 0.2%–38.5% of sequences) and healthy dogs (median: 5.2%, range: 0.0%–63.1% of sequences).Candida natalensiswas the most frequently identified species. No significant differences were observed in the relative proportions of fungal communities between healthy and diseased dogs. In conclusion, fecal samples of healthy dogs and dogs with acute diarrhea harbor various fungal genera, and their role in gastrointestinal health and disease warrants further studies.
Processing of Instantaneous Angular Speed Signal for Detection of a Diesel Engine Failure
Authors: Charchalis Adam , Dereszewski Mirosław
Published: April 2013

Continuous monitoring of diesel engine performance under its operating is critical for the prediction of malfunction development and subsequently functional failure detection. Analysis of instantaneous angular speed (IAS) of the crankshaft is considered as one of the nonintrusive and effective methods of the detection of combustion quality deterioration. In this paper results of experimental verification of fuel system's malfunction detecting, using optical encoder for IAS recording are presented. The implemented method relies on the comparison of measurement results, recorded under healthy and faulty conditions of the engine. Elaborated dynamic model of angular speed variations enables us to build templates of engine behavior. Recorded during experiment, values of cylinder pressure were taken for the approximation of pressure basic waveform. The main task of data processing is smoothing the raw angular speed signal. The noise is due to sensor mount vibrations, signal emitter machining, engine body vibrations, and crankshaft torsional vibrations. Smoothing of the measurement data was carried out by the implementation of the Savitzky-Golay filter. Measured signal after smoothing was compared with the model of IAS run.
[Retracted] Recent Advances in DENV Receptors
Authors: Fang Shuyu , Wu Yanhua , Wu Na , Zhang Jing , An Jing
Published: April 2013

Dengue is an old disease caused by the mosquito‐borne dengue viruses (DENVs), which have four antigenically distinct serotypes (DENV1–4). Infection by any of them can cause dengue fever (DF) and/or a more serious disease, that is, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS). In recent decades, incidence of dengue disease has increased 30‐fold, putting a third to half of the world’s population living in dengue‐endemic areas at high infection risk. However, the pathogenesis of the disease is still poorly understood. The virus binding with its host cell is not only a first and critical step in their replication cycle but also a key factor for the pathogenicity. In recent years, there have been significant advances in understanding interactions of DENVs with their target cells such as dendritic cells (DC), macrophages, endothelial cells, and hepatocytes. Although DENVs reportedly attach to a variety of receptors on these cells, consensus DENV receptors have not been defined. In this review, we summarize receptors for DENVs on different cells identified in recent years.
New Exact Solutions of Some Nonlinear Systems of Partial Differential Equations Using the First Integral Method
Authors: El-Ganaini Shoukry Ibrahim Atia
Published: April 2013

The first integral method introduced by Feng is adopted for solving some important nonlinear systems of partial differential equations, including classical Drinfel'd-Sokolov-Wilson system (DSWE), (2 + 1)-dimensional Davey-Stewartson system, and generalized Hirota-Satsuma coupled KdV system. This method provides polynomial first integrals for autonomous planar systems. Through the established first integrals, exact traveling wave solutions are formally derived in a concise manner. This method can also be applied to nonintegrable equations as well as integrable ones.
Improvement in Stress, General Self-Efficacy, and Health Related Quality of Life following Patient Education for Patients with Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Pilot Study
Authors: Haugland Trude , Veenstra Marijke , Vatn Morten H. , Wahl Astrid K.
Published: April 2013

The purpose of the study was to evaluate changes in general self-efficacy, health related quality of life (HRQoL), and stress among patients with neuroendocrine tumors (NET) following a multidisciplinary educational intervention. Forty-one patients were enrolled in this exploratory pilot study. A total of 37 patients completed the full 26-week intervention based on the principles of self-efficacy. General self-efficacy was measured by the General Self-Efficacy Scale, HRQoL was measured with the SF-36, and stress was measured with the Impact of Event Scale. Mixed effect models were used to evaluate changes in general self-efficacy, mental and physical components of HRQoL, and stress adjusting for demographic and clinical variables. Results showed significant improvements in patients’ general self-efficacy (β= 0.71;P<0.05), physical component scores of HRQoL (β= 3.09;P<0.01), and stress (β=-2.10,P=0.008). Findings suggest that patients with NET have the capacity to improve their ability to cope with their disease, problem-solve, improve their physical status, and reduce their stress following an educational intervention based on the principles of self-efficacy. These preliminary data provide a basis for future randomized controlled trials to test interventions to improve HRQoL for patients with NET.
In VivoImmunomodulation and Lipid Peroxidation Activities Contributed to Chemoprevention Effects of Fermented Mung Bean against Breast Cancer
Authors: Yeap Swee Keong , Mohd Yusof Hamidah , Mohamad Nurul Elyani , Beh Boon Kee , Ho Wan Yong , Ali Norlaily Mohd , Alitheen Noorjahan Banu , Koh Soo Peng , Long Kamariah
Published: April 2013

Mung bean has been reported to have antioxidant, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory effectsin vitro. Fermented products are reported to have enhanced immunomodulation and cancer chemopreventive effects. In this study, fermented mung bean treatmentsin vivowere studied by monitoring tumor development, spleen immunity, serum cytokine (interleukin 2 and interferon gamma) levels, and spleen/tumor antioxidant levels after injection with low and high risk 4T1 breast cancer cells. Pretreatment with fermented mung bean was associated with delayed tumor formation in low risk mice. Furthermore, this treatment was connected with higher serum anticancer cytokine levels, spleen T cell populations, splenocyte cytotoxicity, and spleen/tumor antioxidant levels. Histopathological evaluation of fermented mung bean treated tumor revealed lower event of mitotic division. On the other hand, antioxidant and nitric oxide levels that were significantly increased in the untreated mice were inhibited in the fermented mung bean treated groups. These results suggested that fermented mung bean has potential cancer chemoprevention effects through the stimulation of immunity, lipid peroxidation, and anti-inflammation.
Switched Two-LevelH∞and Robust Fuzzy Learning Control of an Overhead Crane
Authors: Hung Kao-Ting , Tsai Zhi-Ren , Chang Yau-Zen
Published: April 2013

Overhead cranes are typical dynamic systems which can be modeled as a combination of a nominal linear part and a highly nonlinear part. For such kind of systems, we propose a control scheme that deals with each part separately, yet ensures global Lyapunov stability. The former part is readily controllable by theH∞PDC techniques, and the latter part is compensated by fuzzy mixture of affine constants, leaving the remaining unmodeled dynamics or modeling error under robust learning control using the Nelder-Mead simplex algorithm. Comparison with the adaptive fuzzy control method is given via simulation studies, and the validity of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by experiments on a prototype crane system.
Archaeal Community Structures in the Solfataric Acidic Hot Springs with Different Temperatures and Elemental Compositions
Authors: Satoh Tomoko , Watanabe Keiko , Yamamoto Hideo , Yamamoto Shuichi , Kurosawa Norio
Published: April 2013

Archaeal 16S rRNA gene compositions and environmental factors of four distinct solfataric acidic hot springs in Kirishima, Japan were compared. The four ponds were selected by differences of temperature and total dissolved elemental concentration as follows: (1) Pond-A: 93°C and 1679 mg L−1, (2) Pond-B: 66°C and 2248 mg L−1, (3) Pond-C: 88°C and 198 mg L−1, and (4) Pond-D: 67°C and 340 mg L−1. In total, 431 clones of 16S rRNA gene were classified into 26 phylotypes. In Pond-B, the archaeal diversity was the highest among the four, and the members of the order Sulfolobales were dominant. The Pond-D also showed relatively high diversity, and the most frequent group was uncultured thermoacidic spring clone group. In contrast to Pond-B and Pond-D, much less diverse archaeal clones were detected in Pond-A and Pond-C showing higher temperatures. However, dominant groups in these ponds were also different from each other. The members of the order Sulfolobales shared 89% of total clones in Pond-A, and the uncultured crenarchaeal groups shared 99% of total Pond-C clones. Therefore, species compositions and biodiversity were clearly different among the ponds showing different temperatures and dissolved elemental concentrations.
Resistance to Phomopsis Seed Decay in Soybean
Authors: Li Shuxian , Chen Pengyin
Published: April 2013

Phomopsis seed decay (PSD) of soybean is caused primarily by the fungal pathogen Phomopsis longicolla Hobbs along with other Phomopsis and Diaporthe spp. This disease causes poor seed quality and suppresses yield in most soybean-growing countries. Infected soybean seeds can be symptomless, but are typically shriveled, elongated, cracked, and have a chalky white appearance. Development of PSD is sensitive to environmental conditions. Hot and humid environments favor pathogen growth and disease development. Several control strategies have been used to manage PSD and reduce its impact; however, the use of resistant cultivars is the most effective method for controlling PSD. Efforts have been made to identify sources of PSD resistance in the past decades. At least 28 soybean lines were reported to have certain levels of PSD resistance in certain locations. Inheritance of resistance to PSD has been studied in several soybean lines. In this paper, general information about the disease, the causal agent, an overview of research on evaluation and identification of sources of resistance to PSD, and inheritance of resistance to PSD are presented and discussed.
Neural PID Control Strategy for Networked Process Control
Authors: Zhang Jianhua , Chen Junghui
Published: April 2013

A new method with a two-layer hierarchy is presented based on a neural proportional-integral-derivative (PID) iterative learning method over the communication network for the closed-loop automatic tuning of a PID controller. It can enhance the performance of the well-known simple PID feedback control loop in the local field when real networked process control applied to systems with uncertain factors, such as external disturbance or randomly delayed measurements. The proposed PID iterative learning method is implemented by backpropagation neural networks whose weights are updated via minimizing tracking error entropy of closed-loop systems. The convergence in the mean square sense is analysed for closed-loop networked control systems. To demonstrate the potential applications of the proposed strategies, a pressure-tank experiment is provided to show the usefulness and effectiveness of the proposed design method in network process control systems.
An Extended Auxiliary Function Method and Its Application in mKdV Equation
Authors: Xiao Yafeng , Xue Haili , Zhang Hongqing
Published: April 2013

An extended auxiliary function method is presented for constructing exact traveling wave solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations. The main idea of this method is to take full advantage of the solutions to the elliptic equation to construct exact traveling wave solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations. mKdV equation is chosen to illustrate the application of the extended auxiliary function method. Consequently, more new exact traveling wave solutions are derived that are not obtained by the previously known methods.
Enhanced Disturbance-Observer-Based Control for a Class of Time-Delay System with Uncertain Sinusoidal Disturbances
Authors: Wen Xinyu
Published: April 2013

This paper is concerned with disturbance-observer-based control (DOBC) for a class of time-delay systems with uncertain sinusoidal disturbances. The disturbances are decomposed as precise and uncertain parts using nonlinear disturbance observer (DO) after appropriate coordinate transformation. And then the two parts can be compensated by corresponding controller, respectively, such that the classic DOBC method is extended to uncertain disturbance rejection. One novel feature of the proposed method is that even if the precise disturbance parameters are inaccessible, the merits of DOBC can be inherited. By integrating the disturbance observers with feedback control laws with time delay, the disturbances can be rejected and the desired dynamic performances can be guaranteed. Finally, simulations for a flight control system are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the results.
A Feasibility Randomised Controlled Trial of the New Orleans Intervention for Infant Mental Health: A Study Protocol
Authors: Pritchett Rachel , Fitzpatrick Bridie , Watson Nicholas , Cotmore Richard , Wilson Philip , Bryce Graham , Donaldson Julia , Boyd Kathleen , Zeanah Charles , Norrie John , Taylor Julie , Larrieu Julie , Messow Martina , Forde Matt , Turner Fiona , Irving Susan , Minnis Helen
Published: April 2013

Child maltreatment is associated with life‐long social, physical, and mental health problems. Intervening early to provide maltreated children with safe, nurturing care can improve outcomes. The need for prompt decisions about permanent placement (i.e., regarding adoption or return home) is internationally recognised. However, a recent Glasgow audit showed that many maltreated children “revolve” between birth families and foster carers. This paper describes the protocol of the first exploratory randomised controlled trial of a mental health intervention aimed at improving placement permanency decisions for maltreated children. This trial compares an infant′s mental health intervention with the new enhanced service as usual for maltreated children entering care in Glasgow. As both are new services, the trial is being conducted from a position of equipoise. The outcome assessment covers various fields of a child’s neurodevelopment to identify problems in any ESSENCE domain. The feasibility, reliability, and developmental appropriateness of all outcome measures are examined. Additionally, the potential for linkage with routinely collected data on health and social care and, in the future, education is explored. The results will inform a definitive randomised controlled trial that could potentially lead to long lasting benefits for the Scottish population and which may be applicable to other areas of the world. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NC01485510).
The C60(FeCp2)2‐Based Cell Proliferation Accelerator
Authors: Soldatov Andrei , Shpilevsky Edward , Goranov Vitaliy , Kulchitsky Vladimir , Tuna Floriana
Published: April 2013

We studied structural and magnetic proprieties of the fulleride C60(FeCp2)2. The influence of fulleride particles on the cell proliferative activity was also investigated. We found that the proliferative activity of the RINmF5 cells increases (53% versus control) in presence of the C60(FeCp2)2 nanosized particles. Moreover, it was registered that the cell culture became multilayered and secreted basophile matrix.
Time-Induced Progressive Alteration of Kir Current in Cerebral Smooth Muscle Cells of Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats
Authors: Bastide Michèle , Ouk Thavarak , Pétrault Olivier , Bordet Régis
Published: April 2013

We investigated the involvement of potassium inward rectifier current (Kir) impairment in smooth muscle cells of cerebral arteries under the condition of increased susceptibility of stroke, in spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone (SHRsp) rats compared to spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) ones as well as to controls (WKY). Kir current was studied with whole-cell patch-clamp techniques on freshly isolated single smooth muscle cells (SMC) of middle cerebral artery (MCA) from SHRsp, SHR, and WKY male rats (are range 12–32 weeks). A significant and progressive Kir current density reduction was observed on SMC of SHRsp rats from the 22nd week of age on, as opposed to the Kir current density stability observed over the same time in the SMC of WKY and SHR rats. The Kir density alteration was correlated to the age of the SHRsp animals. These results suggest that in the cerebral vascular smooth muscle cells of SHRsp rats, there is a progressive Kir channel impairment, leading to a reduction of Kir current density. This impairment may underpin a lack of vasodilation of the MCA and be implicated in the stroke-proneness observed on SHRsp animals.
Reactive Oxygen Species and the Cardiovascular System
Authors: Taverne Yannick J. H. J. , Bogers Ad J. J. C. , Duncker Dirk J. , Merkus Daphne
Published: April 2013

Ever since the discovery of free radicals, many hypotheses on the deleterious actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been proposed. However, increasing evidence advocates the necessity of ROS for cellular homeostasis. ROS are generated as inherent by-products of aerobic metabolism and are tightly controlled by antioxidants. Conversely, when produced in excess or when antioxidants are depleted, ROS can inflict damage to lipids, proteins, and DNA. Such a state of oxidative stress is associated with many pathological conditions and closely correlated to oxygen consumption. Although the deleterious effects of ROS can potentially be reduced by restoring the imbalance between production and clearance of ROS through administration of antioxidants (AOs), the dosage and type of AOs should be tailored to the location and nature of oxidative stress. This paper describes several pathways of ROS signaling in cellular homeostasis. Further, we review the function of ROS in cardiovascular pathology and the effects of AOs on cardiovascular outcomes with emphasis on the so-called oxidative paradox.
Optimal Distributed Tracking Control for Nonlinear Cooperative Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Li Ya-Li , Lei Jing , Wang Jun
Published: April 2013

The optimal distributed tracking control algorithms over nonlinear cooperative wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are presented in this paper. In order to solve transfer delay and packet loss problem, the architecture of wireless active sensor (WAS) is employed, where a state estimator is embedded, which can provide the needed state information. Furthermore, the optimal distributed tracking control algorithm is proposed. By solving the matrix equations and the adjoint difference equations, the optimal control law can be obtained easily, in which an increment integral regulator is designed to implement tracking target without steady-state error and a nonlinearity compensation term is designed to compensate for the effect produced by system nonlinearity. Moreover, the observer-based dynamical algorithm is given considering the physically unrealizable disturbance states and the unavailable sensor states. Finally, computer simulations are carried out with application to two nonlinear pendulums, which prove that the algorithm is effective and easy to implement, and the system achieves the desired performance based on tradeoff between tracking error and control energy consumption.
On Extending the Quasilinearization Method to Higher Order Convergent Hybrid Schemes Using the Spectral Homotopy Analysis Method
Authors: Motsa Sandile S. , Sibanda Precious
Published: April 2013

We propose a sequence of highly accurate higher order convergent iterative schemes by embedding the quasilinearization algorithm within a spectral collocation method. The iterative schemes are simple to use and significantly reduce the time and number of iterations required to find solutions of highly nonlinear boundary value problems to any arbitrary level of accuracy. The accuracy and convergence properties of the proposed algorithms are tested numerically by solving three Falkner-Skan type boundary layer flow problems and comparing the results to the most accurate results currently available in the literature. We show, for instance, that precision of up to 29 significant figures can be attained with no more than 5 iterations of each algorithm.
The Influence ofNrf2on Cardiac Responses to Environmental Stressors
Authors: Howden Reuben , Gougian Eva , Lawrence Marcus , Cividanes Samantha , Gladwell Wesley , Miller-DeGraff Laura , Myers Page H. , Rouse D. Clay , Devlin Robert B. , Cho Hye-Youn , Kleeberger Steven R.
Published: April 2013

Nrf2protects the lung from adverse responses to oxidants, including 100% oxygen (hyperoxia) and airborne pollutants like particulate matter (PM) exposure, but the role ofNrf2on heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) responses is not known. We hypothesized that genetic disruption ofNrf2would exacerbate murine HR and HRV responses to severe hyperoxia or moderate PM exposures.Nrf2-/-andNrf2+/+mice were instrumented for continuous ECG recording to calculate HR and HRV (low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and total power (TP)). Mice were then either exposed to hyperoxia for up to 72 hrs or aspirated with ultrafine PM (UF-PM). Compared to respective controls, UF-PM induced significantly greater effects on HR (P<0.001) and HF HRV (P<0.001) inNrf2-/-mice compared toNrf2+/+mice.Nrf2-/-mice tolerated hyperoxia significantly less thanNrf2+/+mice (~22 hrs;P<0.001). Reductions in HR, LF, HF, and TP HRV were also significantly greater inNrf2-/-compared toNrf2+/+mice (P<0.01). Results demonstrate thatNrf2deletion increases susceptibility to change in HR and HRV responses to environmental stressors and suggest potential therapeutic strategies to prevent cardiovascular alterations.
Molecular Imaging of Experimental Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms
Authors: Ramaswamy Aneesh K. , Hamilton Mark , Joshi Rucha V. , Kline Benjamin P. , Li Rui , Wang Pu , Goergen Craig J.
Published: April 2013

Current laboratory research in the field of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) disease often utilizes small animal experimental models induced by genetic manipulation or chemical application. This has led to the use and development of multiple high‐resolution molecular imaging modalities capable of tracking disease progression, quantifying the role of inflammation, and evaluating the effects of potential therapeutics. In vivo imaging reduces the number of research animals used, provides molecular and cellular information, and allows for longitudinal studies, a necessity when tracking vessel expansion in a single animal. This review outlines developments of both established and emerging molecular imaging techniques used to study AAA disease. Beyond the typical modalities used for anatomical imaging, which include ultrasound (US) and computed tomography (CT), previous molecular imaging efforts have used magnetic resonance (MR), near‐infrared fluorescence (NIRF), bioluminescence, single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), and positron emission tomography (PET). Mouse and rat AAA models will hopefully provide insight into potential disease mechanisms, and the development of advanced molecular imaging techniques, if clinically useful, may have translational potential. These efforts could help improve the management of aneurysms and better evaluate the therapeutic potential of new treatments for human AAA disease.
Hypoxia Induces Netrin-1 and Unc5b in Atherosclerotic Plaques
Authors: Ramkhelawon Bhama , Yang Yuan , van Gils Janine M. , Hewing Bernd , Rayner Katey J. , Parathath Sajesh , Guo Liang , Oldebeken Scott , Feig Jessica L. , Fisher Edward A. , Moore Kathryn J.
Published: April 2013

Objective—

Hypoxia is intimately linked to atherosclerosis and has become recognized as a primary impetus of inflammation. We recently demonstrated that the neuroimmune guidance cue netrin-1 (
Ntn1
) inhibits macrophage emigration from atherosclerotic plaques, thereby fostering chronic inflammation. However, the mechanisms governing netrin-1 expression in atherosclerosis are not well understood. In this study, we investigate the role of hypoxia in regulating expression of netrin-1 and its receptor uncoordinated-5-B receptor (Unc5b) in plaque macrophages and its functional consequences on these immune cells.

Approach and Results—

We show by immunostaining that netrin-1 and Unc5b are expressed in macrophages in hypoxia-rich regions of human and mouse plaques. In vitro
, Ntn1
and
Unc5b
mRNA are upregulated in macrophages treated with oxidized low-density lipoprotein or inducers of oxidative stress (CoCl
2
, dimethyloxalylglycine, 1% O
2
). These responses are abrogated by inhibiting hypoxia-inducible transcription factor (HIF)-1α, indicating a causal role for this transcription factor in regulating
Ntn1
and
Unc5b
expression in macrophages. Indeed, using promoter-luciferase reporter genes, we show that
Ntn1
- and
Unc5b
-promoter activities are induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein and require HIF-1α. Correspondingly, J774 macrophages overexpressing active HIF-1α show increased netrin-1 and Unc5b expression and reduced migratory capacity compared with control cells, which was restored by blocking the effects of netrin-1. Finally, we show that netrin-1 protects macrophages from apoptosis under hypoxic conditions in a HIF-1α–dependent manner.

Conclusions—

These findings provide a molecular mechanism by which netrin-1 and its receptor Unc5b are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques and implicate hypoxia and HIF-1α–induced netrin-1/Unc5b in sustaining inflammation by inhibiting the emigration and promoting the survival of lesional macrophages.