bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF GENOTYPE ON LONGEVITY AND LIFETIME PERFORMANCE OF COWS IN THE UE AGRICULTURAL COMPLEX ZHDANOVICHI
Authors:   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, Pavlova T.V. , Naumenkova A.V. ,   Vitebsk State Academy of Veterinary Medicine
Published: June 2023

The effect of genotypic factors on longevity and lifetime performance of cows in the herd of the UE Agricultural complex Zhdanovichi has been studied. Cows of Swedish breeding possessed the highest length of production survival – 2.7 lactations, however, their milk yield per average lactation was 714 kg less than the average for the herd. The lowest milk yields in the lifetime performance were obtained from cows of Dutch, Russian, German breeding. The maximum profitability was obtained from the production use of cows of Estonian (33.4%), Russian (27.2%) and Italian (27.2%) breeding. A downward trend is observed for lifetime performance and production survival length with an increase of the Holstein breed ratio in the breeding genotype, while milk yields per average lactation increase. The profitability and surplus per cow grow with the increased ratio by the Holstein breed.
PEMBERDAYAAN EKONOMI MASYARAKAT BAGI KELOMPOK PETANI PASCA GEMPA DESA BENJOT KECAMATAN CUGENANG CIANJUR
Authors: Mufit Choirul , Khana Rajes , Wijonarko Panji , Purwati Purwati , Trijayanto Danang
Published: June 2023

Program pengabdian ini tentang pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat pasca gempa, yang di landasi oleh pemikiran bahwa masyarakat yang terkena bencana gempa perlu segera didampingi dan dipersiapkan untuk dapat menerima keadaan, bangkit kembali dan menata kehidupan secara mandiri. Berbasis potensi lokal, masyarakat perlu didorong partisipasi dan kemandiriannya untuk memperbaiki kualitas kehidupan mereka. Pengabdian ini menyoroti kegiatan sektor pertanian yang mempunyai program berupa pemberdayaan ekonomi masyarakat dengan memberikan bantuan berupa alat pertanian dan melakukan pengembangan sistem informasi melalui aplikasi digital sebagai sarana untuk percepatan pemulihan perekonomian masyarakat Desa Benjot, Kecamatan Cugenang Kabupaten Cianjur Provinsi Jawa Barat. Program pengabdian ini memuat tahapan-tahapan antara lain tahap persiapan, tahap pelaksanaan, dan tahap evaluasi. Hasil pengabdian yang berdampak bagi petani yaitu beberapa bantuan yang telah diberikan dapat membantu dalam pendistribusian hasil panen dan penggunaan aplikasi digital serta teknologi dapat membantu dalam pencarian informasi harga dan memasarkan hasil panen pertanian sehingga dapat meningkatkan omset penjualan.
Role of Market Microstructure in Price Convergence: A Meta Analysis
Authors: Maaz Javed  , Saud Ahmad
Published: June 2023

This study aims to revisit the assumptions of economic theory that lead to the predictions of competitive equilibrium theory. Extensive work has already been done to answer how well these assumptions of microeconomic theory approximate the real-world market. In this context, two kinds of tools can be found in the literature that tries to answer this question. One is experimental economics (EE) where individuals are involved in a simplified market that mirrors the real-world markets. Human behavior is observed here under an alternating set of rules. The second tool is agent-based Modeling (ABM) which approximates the real-world markets with artificial agents where every agent possesses unique characteristics and the market comprises a diverse set of decision rules. In ABM, computer simulations imitate human behavior. Our results, however, state that with Zero Intelligence agents, the market is not even closer to the level of prediction of a theoretical competitive market. It also makes sense as random number generations should not lead the market to a level of efficiency higher than human agents and we cannot rule out the importance of rationality possessed by humans to bring more efficient results than ZI agents with no rationality.
Assessment of Attitude towards Research among Nursing students in Rajasthan, India
Authors: Chaturvedi Dharmesh , Kumar Tak Hemant , Singh Rawat Vijay
Published: June 2023

Background: Research is a scientific process that gathers and analyses information in order to increase our understanding of a specific topic or problem. Research can provide answers to previously unknown questions, filling knowledge gaps and changing the way healthcare professionals work. Therefore, present study aims to assess attitude towards research in nursing students of Rajasthan, India. Method: Descriptive survey research design was selected to conduct the study. Modified Attitude Towards Research (ATR) scale used as research instrument. 373 nursing students from various nursing colleges of Rajasthan were included as participants in the study through random online Googledoc survey. Results: In the present study 75.10% nursing students have not attended any conference, seminar, webinar regarding research. For the total modified ATR scale statements, 49.56% (184.86) nursing students were agreed while 35.92% (134.02) nursing students were not agreed and 14.56% (54.34) nursing students remained neutral with the statements regarding attitude towards research. On the basis of scoring of the ATR scale, around half of the nursing students, 54.42% (203) had positive attitude level, 41.83% (156) had neutral attitude level while only 3.75% (14) had negative attitude level regarding research. Findings revealed that there was significant association between level of attitude regarding research among nursing students with demographic variable like how many conferences, seminar, webinar attended regarding research. Conclusion: The study concluded that there is strong need for educational interventions like conference, seminar and webinar besides regular curriculum for nursing students regarding research as they are future health care providers. Building a positive attitude towards research will help nurses for more scientific approach and providing nursing care on evidence based practices.
PAINFUL ANTERIOR KNEE SCHWANNOMA: A CASE REPORT
Authors:   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology ,University Hospital St. Marina -Varna, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria., Ivanov Stoyan , Trizlov Dimitar ,   Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Hospital St. Anna -Varna, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University, Varna, Bulgaria.
Published: June 2023

Tumors of the peripheral nervous system are classified according to the specific origin of cell differentiation. Schwannomas (neurilemmomas) are benign nerve sheath tumors slowly growing, often solitary, arising from the nerves' Schwann cells that are not generally associated with malignant degeneration. The cause is unknown. The authors present a case of a 37-year-old woman with a lump formation located at the anterior aspect of the knee joint, inducing a burning-like sensation around the knee and up the whole hip. The pain increased through motion of the knee joint and during palpation. Prior to these complaints, the patient does not recall any trauma or degenerative knee conditions.
Identificación de bacterias presentes en tres soluciones intravenosas en un periodo mayor a 72 horas
Authors: Batallas-Canchig Marlon Andrés , Castillo-Hidalgo Edy Paul , Gancino–Carvajal Jessica Carolina
Published: June 2023

Las soluciones intravenosas son empleadas en la práctica diaria en Medicina Veterinaria para tratamientos médicos como mantenimiento y/o reposición de fluidos y la administración de medicamentos, pero al ser reutilizadas por periodos largos de tiempo, el riesgo de contaminación bacteriana aumenta. El objetivo principal de esta investigación fue la evaluación de la tasa de contaminación de tres soluciones intravenosas cristaloides, durante un periodo mayor a 72 h en situaciones clínicas habituales del ambiente veterinario. Las soluciones fueron analizas a las 96; 120 y 144 h, se determinó que, a partir de las 96 h de utilización de las soluciones intravenosas, ya existe contaminación bacteriana hasta en un 100 % como es el caso de la dextrosa al 50 %, y una contaminación del 75 % a las 120 h de la solución de cloruro de sodio al 0,9 %, y hasta un 50 % de contaminación de la solución de lactato de Ringer a las 144 h. Se concluye que partir de las 96 h de manipular las soluciones intravenosas, ya existe la presencia de bacterias ambientales, sobre todo en las soluciones dextrosadas que son las más propensas a la contaminación, a pesar de aplicar las técnicas antisépticas adecuadas.
Bilim İletişimi Kapsamında Bilim Halkla İlişkileri: TÜBİTAK Bilim Merkezleri Üzerinden Bir İnceleme
Authors: HAÇİKOĞLU Karolin Hiripsima
Published: June 2023

Bilim iletişiminin kapsamı, alanındaki gelişmelerin iletimini sağlamak üzerinedir. Halkla ilişkiler uygulayıcıları konuyu, sorunu alıcılara uygun dil ve açıklıkta iletebilmelidir. Yeni iletişim teknolojileri değişen zamana paralel dönüşümleri beraberinde getirmiştir. Çalışmada, bilim halkla ilişkileri kapsamında, TÜBİTAK bilim merkezlerinin sosyal medyaları betimsel içerik analizi yöntemiyle irdelenerek sonuçları paylaşılmaktadır. Merkezlerin paylaşım sıklığı, paylaşım amaçları, merkezler arası karşılaştırmalar ile birlikte bulguları sunulmaktadır. Bilim halkla ilişkileri kavramının Türkiye’de kullanımının az olması dolayısıyla araştırma özgünlük taşımaktadır.

Çalışmanın içeriği bilgi toplumu, bilim iletişimi kavram, kapsam ve uygulama alanları üzerine kavramsal çerçevenin verilmesinden sonra bilim halkla ilişkileri sunularak en son araştırma bölümü ile sonlandırılmıştır. Araştırma bölümünde, TÜBİTAK Bilim Merkezlerinin sosyal medyada kurduğu iletişimin boyutu, düzeyi, halkla ilişkiler bağlamında sonuçlarıyla paylaşılmaktadır. TÜBİTAK’a ait “Bursa, Elazığ, İstanbul-Üsküdar, Kayseri, Kocaeli ve Konya” tüm bilim merkezleri ele alınmıştır. Merkezler içerik analizi yöntemi ile incelemeye tabi tutularak bulgular karşılaştırmalı olarak verilmiştir. Bilim halkla ilişkilerinin yeni medya ortamındaki etkinliklerinin çözümlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Veriler sonuç bölümünde Kamu Bilimi Anlayışı ve güven inşası çerçevesinde ele alınmıştır.
القصدية في أخبار خلفاء ووزراء العصر العباسي دراسة تداولية
Authors: الجعيد بدرية بنت محمد , القرني حسين بن محمد
Published: June 2023

تسعى هذه الدراسة إلى رصد تجليات المقاصد التواصلية في أخبار خلفاء ووزراء العصر العباسي وإبراز أهميتها في نجاح العملية التواصلية. ولكون الأخبار فعلاً تواصلياً، له أطرافه وسياقاته التي تؤدي دورا مهما في تشكيل خطاباته؛ فقد اختير إعمال المنهج التداوليّ؛ لفهم الخطاب السردي، والبحث عن طبيعته التواصلية، والعلاقة بين اللغة ومستخدميها داخل الإطار السياقي، لاسيما أن التداولية تُعنى "بدراسة المقاصد السياقية". واقتضت طبيعة البحث أن يقسم على مقدمة وتمهيد وثلاثة مباحث، المبحث الأول: المقاصد السياسية. المبحث الثاني: المقاصد الثقافية. المبحث الثالث: المقاصد الاجتماعية، وقد توصلت الدراسة إلى إثبات استجابة ذلك الخطاب للطرح التداوليّ في ظلّ خصوصيته السردية؛ والذي اتضح من خلال رصد تجليات المقاصد التواصلية في أخبار خلفاء ووزراء العصر العباسي والكشف عن الكفاءة التواصلية لأخبار خلفاء ووزراء العصر العباسي؛ ما يفتح المجال أمام الباحثين لتقديم قراءة جديدة لتراثنا العربيّ من منظور لساني معاصر؛ تُسهم في إثراء المحتوى العلميّ بمجال الدراسات العربية التطبيقية في المنهج التداولي.
How Citizen Scientists See their Own Role and Expertise: An Explorative Study of the Perspectives of Beekeepers in a Citizen Science Project
Authors: Bieszczad Sarah Rose , Fochler Maximilian , Brodschneider Robert
Published: June 2023

The mission and definition of citizen science are vividly debated. One of the crucial aspects contested is who has the agency to define it; another is how precise a definition can and should be and how much these definitions are reflective of the heterogeneity of practices and perspectives subsumed under the label citizen science. In this paper we draw attention to how citizens themselves actively construct their own roles within a project in relation to both their histories and the project’s scientists. Drawing on a set of in-depth interviews with participating Austrian beekeepers in the INSIGNIA project, we show how even within a small, relatively homogenous sample of participants, there is considerable diversity in how the citizen scientists see their roles. We explore how citizen scientists articulate a different set of relations towards science, their own practice as beekeepers, and their desired role in the project. In conclusion, we discuss the implications of our findings for academic reflection on citizen science as well as practical implementation for citizen science projects.
Mucoadhesive assessment – An encyclopedic review
Authors: Semwal R. , Semwal R. B. , Semwal D. K.
Published: June 2023

Primary objectives behind the use of mucoadhesive drug delivery devices are to prolong their residential time at the particular site to make them target specific, and to enhance the drug absorption process. In this way, the measurement of mucoadhesivity is a crucial step to design the mucoadhesive drug delivery systems. The strategy of the use of mucoadhesive polymeric materials to improve the efficacy of therapeutic treatments has been introduced as long ago and the approach is still of a great interest in the field of pharmaceutical sciences. Nowadays, various methods used to measure the mucoadhesivity are included in the present review. These systems are usually in vitro or ex vivo in nature, and due to their relative ease of implementation and cost-effectiveness, these are limited in scope and still a serious need to improve their trait. The selection of such systems for the in vivo studies is a big challenge. Hence, the new discovery in the field of mucoadhesive drug delivery could be a great achievement to the scientific society.
Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq. - A review on its macroscopic characters, phytochemistry, medicinal importance and its comparative study with other Piper species
Authors: Pathak Neha , Kumar Raj
Published: June 2023

The tropical plant species of family Piperaceae had been consumed from ancient time and has reputed place in the Indian Ayurvedic system as a medicine and as a spice in foods. Piper species are also an important part in folklore medicine of Latin America and West Indies. Piper attenuatum Buch.-Ham. ex Miq., an important Piper species, mainly found in the southern tropical and sub-tropical regions of India and is much used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine. However, there is insufficient research about the mechanisms behind the medicinal action of P. attenuatum but diverse pharmacological activities like antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperglycaemic and antioxidant are reported from various extracts of this plant. It contains various important phytochemicals like crotepoxide, piperine, guineensine and piperlonguminine which are responsible for its therapeutic efficacy. Crotepoxide is reported to exhibit significant antitumor activity. The seed extract is reported to have antioxidant activity. Piperine is reported to increase the bioavailability of other drugs by interacting with various enzymes responsible for metabolism. The current article provides an updated literature review on recent advancement on pharmacognosy, chemistry and pharmacological activities of P. attenuatum.
Ayurvedic approaches used in prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Chauhan Ashutosh , Semwal Ruchi , Semwal Deepak
Published: June 2023

Ayurveda has a diverse point of view to prevent and treat diabetes which is apparently not associated with the insight of modern science. The ancient literature of Ayurveda described diabetes as Madhumeha (sugar related disease) and suggested a number of remedies to cure it. Although in the ancient literature, the mechanism of diabetes is not well-understood but, as far as treatment is concerned, the suggested way of treatment is undoubtedly effective which is confirmed by numerous researches worldwide. Interestingly, Ayurveda mainly focuses on balanced diet, improved lifestyle with routine Yoga practice. However, the use of medication in the form of herbal preparation is considered with least priority, given on the basis of Prakriti (genotype) of the patient. In the present work, we thoroughly reviewed Ayurvedic concepts for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus using ancient Ayurvedic texts as well as the literature available in the most accepted scientific search engines i.e. PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science. In addition to the use of herbal therapy, this review also describes the use of Panchakarma and Yoga for the management of type-2 diabetes and post-diabetic complication like retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy
Rashi nakshatra vatika and human health
Authors: Mishra Suman
Published: June 2023

According to the Hindu mythology, there are total 27 nakshatras, corresponding to 9 planets in the universe. It is believed that each tree keeps giving energy to a particular person born in a particular period of a zodiacal sign/ star. There is a specific structure to prepare a nakshatra vatika for devote to worship a worth-worshipping plant/ tree according to the status of divine constellation at the time of birth of a person. It has been found that the plants cultivated according to rashi nakshatra vatika contain increased phytochemical contents and also showed improved antimicrobial activity. The concept of rashi nakshatra vatika has poor scientific validity due to limited experimental work. The detailed scientific work is needed to validate the importance of this unique concept of the plantation.
Ahara-vidhi-vidhan (dietary guidelines): a comparison of eating habits in Ayurveda and modern age
Authors: Sahu Deepak Kumar , Ratre Gunvanti , Harjpal L. C.
Published: June 2023

In the present lifestyle, where everyone is busy in achieving their life goals, the people are escaping the normal routine of food habits, due to which they are facing various lifestyle disorders. This can be overcome by following detail discipline and process to take the Ahara (food). The three basic pillars of Ayurveda are Ahara (food), Nidra (sleep) and Brahmacharya (following the path of God Brahma). Among these, Ahara has been placed first which shows it is important to maintain and sustain life. Ahara-vidhi-vidhana described in Ayurvedic classics are the foundation of dietetics, which indicates the method of Ahara i.e., ushna, snigdha, matravata (adequate quantity) and jirne ashniyat (food after digestion of previous meal). The present concept note is written on the basis of literature available online as well as the textbooks including Ayurvedic classics. The diet and its method of intake have an important role in the continuity of a healthy life. The rules and methods of dietary intake are effective in the maintenance of health as well as in curative aspects for many diseases. Ayurvedic classics are store-house of valuable thoughts, in the present lifestyle, none care about health and consequences of eating and drinking habits, which leads to having many disorders. It is very important aspects regarding dietetics that when to take the food and many diseases can be prevented arising merely due to faulty dietary habits.
Colección Resumen de las Actas de la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico. Número 1, sesión 12 de enero de 2023.
Authors: Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico
Published: June 2023

Sesión 12 de enero de 2022.

Relación de los asuntos tratados:

1. Elección de Presidente y Secretario de la Comisión de Monumentos y Patrimonio Histórico, p. 2.2. Turno de ruegos y preguntas, pp. 2-3.
Investigation of the Effect of Spice on Gastronomy History and Culture
Authors: DOĞAN Murat , ÖZDEMİR Kadir
Published: June 2023

The study aimed to determine the effect of spice on the history and culture of gastronomy. Qualitative research methods were used in the study, and a literature review was used to reveal the conceptual framework. An individual interview technique was used as a data collection tool. Content analysis was applied to the findings that emerged as a result of the interviews, and the results were categorized as themes. As a result of the content analysis applied to the findings, the effect of spice on gastronomy history and culture has three main factors: (1) the contribution of spices to the formation of gastronomy history and culture; (2) the unifying and dissociative roles of spices in terms of gastronomy history and culture; and (3) the contribution of spices to the development of gastronomy history and culture. Overall, the spice has influenced the formation and development of gastronomy history and culture with its unifying and dissociative roles.
Bidang pengajian Bahasa Arab dan kaitannya dengan bidang Sosiolinguistik di Malaysia: Analisis Matrik Keutamaan.
Authors: Abd Rahman Rosfazila , Zaini Abdul Razif
Published: June 2023

ABSTRAK
Bidang Sosiolinguistik di Malaysia menunjukkan khalayak mempunyai kemahiran dalam bidang bahasa Arab. Bidang pengajian bahasa  Arab antaranya melibatkan perubahan bentuk kata yang berkait dengan ‘ilm al-sarf dalam nahw atau tatabahasa Arab yang melibatkan aspek-aspek morfologi, semantik dan sintaksis; kejayaan dan kemampuannya dalam peranannya sebagai bahasa ilmu, peradaban dan komunikasi. Sosiolinguistik adalah salah satu bidang utama dalam disiplin linguistik. Nama sosiolinguistik terbentuk daripada dua istilah, iaitu sosio, singkatan daripada sosiologi-disiplin yang meneliti masyarakat dan linguistik-disiplin yang meneliti bahasa. Sosiolinguistik adalah bahagian pengajian (studies) dan pengkajian (research) yang menggabungkan dua disiplin, iaitu sosiologi dan linguistik. Dengan sifat penggabungan dua disiplin ini, sosiolinguistik memberi tumpuan kepada dua entiti, iaitu bahasa dan masyarakat. Sosiolinguistik menganggap bahasa dan masyarakat sebagai satu struktur, yakni hubungan antara kedua-dua entiti tersebut yang rapat. Kajian ini mengadaptasi kajian analisis deskriptif. Dua objektif kajian ialah menganalisis bidang pengajian bahasa  Arab dan bidang sosiolinguistik di Malaysia dan menghuraikan saling kaitan keduanya. Resolusi kajian ini menghuraikan bidang pengajian bahasa  Arab dan bidang sosiolinguistik di Malaysia dengan menggunakan Analisis Matrik keutamaan bagi keperluan perspektif, perbandingan dan keperluan kajian akan datang.
ABSTRACT
The field of Sociolinguistics in Malaysia indicates that the audience has skills in Arabic. The areas of Arabic learning include changes in the form of words related to 'ilm al-sarf in nahw or Arabic grammar involving aspects of morphology, semantics and syntax; it s success and ability in its role as the language of science, civilization and communication. Sociolinguistics is one of the main areas of linguistic discipline. The name of sociolinguistics is made up of two terms, namely, sociology, an acronym for sociology that studies society and linguistics that studies language. Sociolinguistics is the area of ​​studies and research that combines two disciplines, sociology and linguistics. By virtue of the merger of these two disciplines, sociolinguistics focuses on two entities, language and society. Sociolinguistics considers  language and society as one structure, which is the relationship between the two entities. This study adopts a descriptive analysis study. The two objectives of the study were to analyze the field of Arabic language studies and sociolinguistics in Malaysia and to explain the relationship between the two. The resolution of this study describes the field of Arabic language studies and sociolinguistics in Malaysia by using Matrix Analysis for the purpose of perspective, comparison and future research needs.
مفهوم البيان معجميا ومدلولاته في القرآن والسنة وعلوم اللغة: دراسة لغوية تحليلية
Authors: Ismail Wazzainab
Published: June 2023

إنّ البحث من أهدافه كشف عن المدلول اللغوي والاصطلاحي لكلمة البيان. وهذه المدلولات اللغوية والاصطلاحية تسهم في فهم واستيعاب الدوائر والفروع والأقسام لكلمةٍ معينةٍ. إنّ البيان لفظ له معانٍ عديدةٌ. وتحديد هذه المدلولات يتطلب مراجعة ودراسة في المعاجم اللغوية والعلمية، والآيات القرآنية وسنّة رسول الله  حتى تتضح هذه المعاني والمدلولات. وأما المعاني العلمية فهي المعاني المأخوذة من علوم اللغة العربية، من النحو والصرف والبلاغة. والبحث هو بحث وصفي تحليلي لكلمة البيان. ومن معانيها اللغوية: الفرق، والفصل، وانقطع، واتّضح، وأوضحَ، وظَهرَ، وأَظهر وأيضا بمعنى: بَيَّن به الشيء من الدلالة وغيرها. واشتقاقاته في القرآن هي: الإعلام، والتوضيح، والإظهار، والظاهرة، ويظهّر، ويتميّز، والإنذار، والتحذير، والتفصيل، وتتضح، والإعلان. الإيضاح، والشرح، والتفسير، والقرآن، والنبي ، وشريعة الإسلام، والتوراة، والمعجزات، والدلالة التي تفيد إزالة الشبهة، والحجج، والشواهد، والهدى، والكلام الهادي، والكلام الزاجر، والموعظة، والمنطق الفصيح. فالبيان هي الكلمة لها معانٍ كثيرة هائلة. إنّها تُستخدَمُ في شتى مجال العلوم لأهمية دلالاتها ومدلولاتها.
ABSTRACT
The research aims to study the word al-Bayan (elucidation) literally and terminologically. The findings of literal, lexicographical and terminological meanings will contribute to the understanding of a particular word in several fields and scope of the study. In order to determine the meanings of al-Bayan, it requires a review and study of linguistic and scientific dictionaries, Quranic verses and the Sunnah of the Rasulullah (p.b.u.h.).Terminological meanings of al-Bayan was derived from the meanings taken from the Arabic language sciences, such as grammar, morphology and rhetorical studies. This is a qualitative descriptive research of the word al-Bayan. Based on the research findings taking into account several perspectives, it is evident that al- Bayan denotes an abundance of meanings. To conclude, the word al-Bayan in syntax is arrangement and inflection, while in morphology it refers to expression, and release the merging. While in the Arabic rhetoric sciences, al-Bayan is the three main sciences: the simile (tashbih), allegory (majaz) and metonymy (kinayah). Beside that al-Kateeb Abu Al-Hussein Ishaq, stated in his book that the word al-Bayan was divided into four types of statements: a statement of consideration, a statement of belief, a statement by phrase, and a statement in a book. The variety in usage of this word us due to its importance in meanings and significance. Thus, the research seeks to show the frequent use of this word in various fields of sciences, and this undoubtedly requires more new research.
Penggunaan Tanda Baca Koma dan Noktah dalam Karangan Murid Sekolah Menengah di Daerah Tuaran, Sabah
Authors: Kihob Anne Jeffrey , Hj. Mahali Saidatul Nornis
Published: June 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti kepekaan murid-murid tingkatan empat di sekolah menengah luar bandar Daerah Tuaran, Sabah, menggunakan tanda baca noktah dan koma dalam penulisan karangan bahasa Melayu. Sebanyak 70 hasil karangan murid daripada tiga buah sekolah dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan kaedah analisis kandungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahawa murid tidak menggunakan tanda baca koma dan noktah dengan betul dalam penulisan karangan menyebabkan hasil karangan mereka sukar dibaca dan mempengaruhi keseluruhan impresi terhadap karangan yang ditulis. Sebanyak 66 hasil karangan didapati tidak menggunakan tanda baca noktah dan koma dengan betul. Data kesalahan yang direkodkan adalah sebanyak 299 yang melibatkan 196 data kesalahan tanda baca koma dan 103 data kesalahan untuk tanda baca noktah. Kajian yang dijalankan ini bermanfaat untuk memberikan kesedaran kepada pendidik dan murid agar peka akan kepentingan menggunakan tanda baca koma dan noktah dengan betul supaya murid dapat menghasilkan karangan yang lebih mudah dibaca, difahami dan berkesan untuk pemahaman pembaca dalam menyampaikan komunikasi bentuk bertulis.
Penilaian Semula Ciri Bahasa Melayu Klasik Berdasarkan Perbandingan Inskripsi
Authors: Abdullah Zurina , Abdul Aziz Adi Yasran
Published: June 2023

Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menilai semula ciri bahasa Melayu klasik (BMK) berdasarkan ciri yang terdapat pada tiga batu bersurat pada abad ke-14, iaitu batu bersurat Terengganu (1303), batu bersurat Pagaruyung, Minangkabau (1356) dan batu bersurat Minye Tujuh, Aceh (1380). Kebanyakan pengkaji sebelum ini beranggapan bahawa ketiga-tiga batu bersurat ini menjadi bukti permulaan zaman BMK berdasarkan tahun penghasilan batu-batu bersurat tersebut yang dianggap sezaman dan beberapa ciri lain. Namun begitu, didapati ciri-ciri bahasa Melayu klasik itu sendiri, terutama aspek sistem tulisan dan ejaan, kosa kata dan tatabahasa tidak dikaji secara menyeluruh. Bagi menganalisis perbezaan ciri bahasa Melayu klasik ini, kaedah analisis perbandingan teks akan dilakukan terhadap ketiga-tiga batu bersurat tersebut. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa inskripsi pada batu-batu bersurat ini mempunyai ciri bahasa yang berbeza antara satu sama lain. Terdapat empat ciri bahasa Melayu yang membezakan batu bersurat Terengganu dengan batu bersurat lain, iaitu batu bersurat Terengganu menggunakan aksara Jawi, menggunakan kosa kata klasik, kata pangkal ayat dan ayat yang panjang dan berulang-ulang, manakala batu bersurat lain tidak menggunakannya. Penemuan ini membolehkan penilaian semula dibuat terhadap ciri bahasa Melayu klasik. Ciri bahasa Melayu klasik telah dimurnikan dan berjaya membuktikan bahawa hanya batu bersurat Terengganu sahaja yang menggunakan bahasa Melayu klasik manakala yang lain masih tergolong dalam bahasa Melayu praklasik/kuno. Implikasi kajian ini akan memberi manfaat kepada golongan pendidik di peringkat pra universiti dan juga Institusi Pengajian Tinggi, para pelajar, penggubal-penggubal soalan dan seterusnya pengkaji-pengkaji bahasa akan datang.
Kajian Fonetik Varian Kuah: Dialek Melayu Langkawi
Authors: Ab. Hamid Norfazila , Ramli Norhasliza
Published: June 2023

Makalah ini membicarakan salah satu varian Dialek Melayu Langkawi (DML) yang terdapat di Langkawi, iaitu Varian Kuah (VKH). Dialek ini dikatakan sebagai dialek yang hampir pupus. Oleh itu, kajian ini secara umumnya ingin mengumpul data yang semakin hilang penggunaannya. Data yang dapat dikumpulkan ini dicerakinkan semula aspek-aspek fonologi yang masih belum mendapat penjelasan terhadap beberapa kajian tentang DML terutamanya dalam menentukan jumlah inventori fonem dan penentuan varian dalam DML. Justeru, kajian dalam makalah ini akan menyentuh Varian Kuah yang dikenal pasti salah satu varian yang terdapat dalam DML. Kajian ini bertujuan menyentuh aspek fonetik dan fonologi dengan cara mendeskripsikan sistem fonologi VKH dengan memaparkan penyebaran bunyi vokal, diftong, konsonan dan melihat keberadaan alternasi. Pendekatan yang dimanfaatkan dalam mencapai objektif kajian ini ialah pendekatan struktural. Hasil kajian membuktikan bahawa VKH mempunyai 8 fonem vokal /i, u, e, o, E, , «, a/ dan memiliki 3 diftong, iaitu /-oj, -aw, -aj/ dan 20 fonem konsonan yang terdiri daripada lapan konsonan letupan /p, b, t, d, k, g, q, //, dua konsonan letusan /tS, dZ/, tiga konsonan geseran /s, Ä, h/, empat konsonan nasal /m, n, ø, N/, satu konsonan sisian /l/ dan dua konsonan separuh vokal /w, j/ yang digunakan dalam ucapan seharian mereka. Oleh itu, diharapkan kajian ini dapat merungkai segala permasalahan yang timbul dalam kajian-kajian yang lepas dan dapat memelihara jati diri warisan bangsa Melayu Langkawi melalui bahasa.
Aspek Leksikal Kata Nama dalam Dialek Masyarakat Banjar di Mukim Bagan Serai Perak
Authors: Abdul Wahab Mohd Khaidir , Nor Hashim Mohd Nor Taufiq
Published: June 2023

Kajian ini berfokus kepada aspek leksikal dalam dialek Banjar yang terdiri daripada golongan kata nama sahaja. Kata nama yang telah dikenal pasti daripada bahasa Banjar akan dibandingkan atau disesuaikan dengan perkataan bahasa Melayu standard. Selain itu, aspek sejarah kedatangan masyarakat Banjar ke Tanah Melayu amnya dan Mukim Bagan Serai  khususnya turut dibincangkan. Pengkaji telah menggunakan kaedah temu bual untuk melengkapkan kaedah pemerhatian yang telah dijalankan. Seramai 10 orang informan telah terlibat dalam temu bual ini, iaitu dua orang informan mewakili setiap kampung yang telah dipilih dalam mukim Bagan Serai, iaitu Kampung Jalan Banjar, Masjid Tinggi, Parit Gabis, Telok Medan dan Parit Haji Taib. Dapatan kajian ini memberi ruang kepada generasi muda untuk mengetahui aspek kata nama dialek Banjar yang merujuk kepada jantina, arah, peralatan dapur, anggota badan, kuih-muih, buah-buahan, jenis-jenis ikan, makanan, kiraan hari, dan kata ganti diri. Dapatan ini adalah penting kerana aspek leksikal kata nama yang diketengahkan ini merupakan leksikal yang sering digunakan dalam kalangan masyarakat Banjar semasa berkomunikasi.
Iranian women’s Agency in the “Women Life Freedom” and Its Consequences
Authors: Sadeghi Farzaneh , Tehrani Maryam
Published: June 2023

The "Woman Life Freedom" movement started with the murder of Mehsa-Jina Amini and the protest against the behavior of the Sharia police (Gashte Ershad), with the call of women's rights activists to protest against this action, and continued with various calls for at least 100 days throughout Iran. This study examines the agency of Iranian women in the "Woman Life Freedom" movement and its outcomes. This research is exploratory, using the qualitative method and a semi-structured interview. In this research, 19 Iranian women were interviewed, including 16 inside Iran and 3 outside the country. These interviews are conducted in order to find out the different types of agency of Iranian women in this movement. The findings demonstrate that Iranian women have performed all kinds of activism, which in this study is categorized as symbolic, physical, caregiving, legalistic, and cognitive activism. Turning women into political signifiers, raising women's rights again, making women visible, increasing religious tolerance, giving women more control over their bodies, changing the position of anti-feminists, spontaneous organization, hope for change from within, and a promising future. are among the categories that are extracted from interviews with these women.
Is Iran on the Verge of Another Revolution?
Authors: Bayat Asef
Published: June 2023

How do we make sense of Iran’s “Women, Life, Freedom”, the extraordinary political uprising that came to being following the death of the Kurdish Mahsa Zhina Amini in September 2022 in the police custody for wearing an "improper" hijab? This is neither a “feminist revolution” per se, nor simply the revolt of the new generation, nor merely about mandatory hijab. This is a movement to reclaim life, a struggle to liberate free and dignified existence from an internal colonization. As the primary objects of this colonization, women have become the protagonists of a movement that may set the Islamic Republic on a revolutionary course.
Iran in a Transformative Process by Woman, Life, Freedom
Authors: Tohidi Nayereh
Published: June 2023

This article presents an overview of various aspects of the new social movement of “Woman, Life, Freedom" known also as Zhina or Mahsa movement. Intellectually and theoretically, this movement is reflective of an “existentialist moment” in Iran, especially among the younger generation of women and men of urban middle and working classes shaped by the recent decades of “glocal” processes. The movement is strongly expressive of a deep yearning for liberation and reclaiming of a dignified “normal life” and self-determination especially by young women. It indicates a deep cultural, political, and moral chasm between most people and the corrupt repressive ruling Islamists in power. While it is a novel split from the present ideological and political establishments, many of its demands and values are rooted in Iran’s recent history of over 120 years of striving for human/women’s rights, the rule of law, democracy, liberty, justice, and persuasion of happiness and prosperity. The intersectional and multidimensional aspects of the movement, including gender, sexuality, generational, ethnic, socio-economic class, and environmental concerns are analyzed. The paper ends with a brief look at the shortcomings of the movement as well as its prospect based on the achievements made so far.
ELONG UGI: KAJIAN ESTETIKA	DALAM PANDANGAN VLADIMIR BRAGINSKY
Authors: Uniawati Uniawati
Published: June 2023

This paper describes the aesthetic values of elong ugi "Ala Masea-Sea" by using the concept of beauty in Vladimir Braginsky's view. There are three levels of beauty according to Braginsky, namely; the beauty sphere, the utility sphere, and the functional sphere (refinement). These three levels of spheres are the basis for analysis to answer the three main problems that are formulated in this article. The results of the analysis showed that the elong ugi "Ala Masea-Sea" fulfills two spheres, namely the beauty spheres and the faedah spheres. The functional sphere or the highest sphere in terms of the beauty of a work is not contained in elong ugi "Ala Masea-Sea". However, elong ugi "Ala Masea-Sea" as a classical Bugis literature shows a strong aesthetic value.
EKSISTENSI PERMAINAN TRADISIONAL DI TENGAH DETERMINASI TEKNOLOGI DI KELURAHAN WANDUDOPI, KECAMATAN BARUGA KOTA KENDARI
Authors: Lestariwati Lestariwati , Sudu La , Magara Irma , Suryati Nurmin
Published: June 2023

Determination of information technology is felt by all levels of society including the people in Kendari. On average, every child in the city of Kendari can already use a gadget or smartphone and most of them have it. Other devices that are also used to play games are computers and playstations with more sophisticated hardware specifications. Consequently, traditional games such as permainan bentengan. Petak umpet (hide and seek), bola bekel, gundu and gobak sodor increasingly marginalized. However, a different scene occurred in one of the neighborhoods in the Wandudopi village, Kendari City, children seemed play traditional games every time they get ready. In groups, they invite each other and negotiate to determine what game they will play. Therefore, this research was carried out with the aim of seeing how the existence of traditional games in the midst of the determination of information technology in the children of Wandudopi Village, Baruga District, Kendari City. To analyze it, it takes several concepts related to traditional games and information technology as well as several other social concepts that support this research. The method used is descriptive qualitative method in which data collection is done by means of documentation, interviews and observations. Then the data that has been collected will be analyzed with the concept as mentioned above. The results of this study indicated that, first, the types of traditional games that are often played by the children of Wundudopi village are ase, cuke, rubber jump (lompat tali), kasede-sede, kalego and bamboo shoots. Second, the factors that cause this game to exist in the midst of the determination of information technology are the approval of parents, habits and the existence of facilities from local residents.
MANGANESE (II) MODULATES MACROPHAGES IMMUNE RESPONSE TO LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE
Authors:   Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania, Tofan Vlad-Constantin , Lascăr Ştefania-Maria ,   Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania, Berindan-Neagoe Ioana ,   Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Haþieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Published: June 2023

Background: Manganese (Mn) impact on human health is often studied regarding its neurotoxicity, leading to a Parkinson-like pathology termed manganism. Since scientific reports indicate manganese neurotoxicity as potentially inflammation-driven, our study aims to investigate the influence of acute and chronic manganese (II) chloride (MnCl2) exposure on macrophages ability to react to an inflammatory stimulus. Methods: The experimental model consisted in in vitro treatment of RAW264.7 murine macrophage-like cells with MnCl2 for two different time intervals in an attempt to simulate acute intoxication and chronic intoxication. Non-cytotoxic MnCl2 concentration values were determined using MTT assay. Acute and chronic exposure to manganese was followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation. Relevant pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, mRNA transcripts and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation were measured. Results: LPS stimulation of cells treated with non-cytotoxic MnCl2 levels triggered enhanced TNF-α (Tumor Necrosis Factor α) secretion in the investigated acute model, whereas in the chronic exposure model only an intermediate MnCl2 concentration (37.5 μM) caused a rise in cytokine secretion. Acute treatment induced a dosedependent upregulation of Tnfα and Nos2 (Nitric oxide synthase 2) gene transcription coupled with an increasing trend in nuclear distribution of p65 subunit of NF-κB complex. Chronic treatment induced a dose-dependent downregulation of pro-inflammatory genes alongside an increase in Ho1 (Heme oxygenase 1) transcription. Conclusions: Our results suggest that manganese (II) has the potential to modulate macrophage inflammatory response development. Acute exposure generally intensifies inflammatory processes, while chronic exposure induces an attenuation of these, possibly due to heme oxygenase-1 inhibition of NF-kB signaling. Keywords: Manganese, Inflammation, Lipopolysaccharide, Cytokines, Heme oxygenase 1
DIAGNOSIS AND ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE OF ENTEROCOCCUS SPP. CAUSING URINARY TRACT INFECTIONS IN CHILDREN
Authors:   Emergency Institute Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania, Dănăilă Crina , Ungureanu Marius-Ciprian ,   Emergency Institute Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania, Petcu Lavinia-Emilia ,   Emergency Institute Prof. Dr. C. C. Iliescu, Bucharest, Romania
Published: June 2023

Introduction: Among Gram-positive bacteria, enterococci are considered the most frequent pathogens in the case of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. It is known that enterococci have intrinsic resistance and acquired resistance is achieved by different mechanisms for: beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, glycopeptides and linezolid. Objectives: The purpose of this review is to demonstrate that Enterococcus spp. is a frequent cause of urinary infections in children and to analyze antibiotic resistance. Materials and methods: The research was conducted using specific keywords such as “antibiotic resistance”, “children”, “UTI”, “Enterococcus spp.”, and “biofilm”, in specialty books, Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect and PubMed Central (PMC). Results: Antibiotic resistance of Enterococcus spp. is an issue in the choice of treatment for urinary tract infections. According to certain research, resistance to vancomycin has increased in some countries while decreasing in others. Another concerning problem is the observed gentamicin resistance, notably in Enterococcus faecium. Discussion: Virulence factors, particularly Esp, which is involved in biofilm formation, play a key role in the processes of antibiotic resistance development. The presence of vanA and vanB genes modifies the structure of the bacteria and leads to the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Enterococcal resistance to vancomycin (VRE) represents a major public health problem and is the main mechanism that occurs in nosocomial infections. Conclusions: Enterococcus spp. is one of the most prevalent etiological agents in urinary pathology and a common source of nosocomial infections. Because of the presence of virulence factors and genes, these bacteria can easily acquire resistance to specific antibiotics. Keywords: antibiotic resistance, children, UTI, Enterococcus spp., biofilm
EXTENSIVE CONDYLOMATA ACUMINATA IN A HIV - POSITIVE PATIENT - CASE REPORT AND LITERATURE REVIEW
Authors:   Victor Babeş Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania, Amuzescu Andreea , Tampa Mircea ,   "1.Victor Babeş Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Bucharest, Romania  2.Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania", Ionescu Dorin ,   "1.Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania  2.Emergency University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania"
Published: June 2023

We present the case of a 39-year old male patient with various comorbidities including spastic paraparesis due to peripartum hypoxia subsequent to a gemellary pregnancy, coexisting with seizures (under treatment with sodium valproate), intravenous drug abuse since childhood, chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Numerous hospitalizations and continuously monitored combined antiretroviral therapy were required for HIV infection. His immunocompromised status led to an infection started in 2013 with multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis, debuted in a lymph node and further extended to the lungs, brain and spleen, remitted after 2015. Since 2018, a different clinical entity appeared and the patient presented multiple condylomas in the genital and inguinal regions. The lesions progressed rapidly despite the self-administered treatment with 5mg/ml podophyllotoxinum cutaneous solution. During the most recent admissions the clinical picture consisted of extensive exophytic cauliflowerlike protrusions as well as plane brown-violaceous tumour masses located in the genital area, completely covering the inguinal folds, penian basis and scrotum bilaterally, without tendency to spontaneous remission. During hospitalization, multiple cryotherapy sessions combined with podophyllin cream 25% were performed. Due to a deficiency and asymmetry in walking, with the left lower limb more adducted than the right one, leading to relative closure of the right inguinal fold, lack of ventilation and a tendency to moisture formation and tissue maceration, the healing was slower on this side. The patient was discharged with an indication for home treatment with an ointment containing Camellia sinensis dry leaf extract, remaining under observation with monthly controls for some persisting lesions. Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Human papillomavirus (HPV), Perianal sexually transmitted diseases, Anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN)
UPDATE ON HIV INFECTIONS IN ROMANIA
Authors:   Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus, Herdecke, Germany, Argesanu Eugenia Madalina
Published: June 2023

An interesting review on the history, particularities, and current state of the HIV infection in Romania was published in “Romanian Archives of Microbiology and Immunology”. HIV was first identified worldwide in the early 1980s, in Romania at the same time as the rest of the globe. It is well-known that the infection was transmitted primarily through sexual contact and infected blood, as well as perinatally. Mardarescu et al. bring forward the unique challenges that the Romanian health system is currently facing: “HIV infection in Romania has some particularities, such as the high number of HIV-infected patients under treatment and the high percentage of longterm survivors”.
LEISHMANIASIS IN ROMANIA - WORK HYPOTHESIS
Authors:   Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania, Caracoti Costin-Ștefan , Bugarin Alexandru Cristian Vasile ,   Cantacuzino National Military Medical Institute for Research and Development, Bucharest, Romania
Published: June 2023

Leishmaniasis has the paradoxical reputation of being both an emerging and a neglected disease. If we look at the seriousness of some clinical forms, the lack of training in microscopic diagnosis, the lack of reagents for immunological tests and the precariousness of the therapeutic arsenal in many cases, as well as the morbidity and mortality figures, we can only try to better understand and offer solutions to improve the situation. In the current conditions of global warming, humanitarian crises that generate waves of refugees and the existence of latent outbreaks of canine leishmaniasis in a country where the sand fly lives undisturbed, I believe that this letter could increase the degree of concern about this disease. Leishmaniasis refers to a group of parasitic diseases transmitted by a kinetoplastid flagellate named Leishmania. More than 50 genera are recognized, but the taxonomic situation is subject to a series of controversies. Of the 20 most frequently encountered species over half are zoonotic. The protozoan causes three primary pathological forms: the two “Old World” diseases known as visceral leishmaniasis (black fever/kala azar) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (Aleppo button, Biskra button, Jericho button) as well as mucocutaneous leishmaniasis which is specific to the Americas (also called the “New World” diseases).