bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short-Range Prediction of Squall-Line-Induced Heavy Rainfall: An Added Impact of GPS RO to FY-4A AGRI Data Assimilation
Authors: Xu X. , Zou X. , Yang S. , Li X.
Published: December 2024

The GPS radio occultation technique has prompted a new era as GPS receivers are placed onboard traditional polar-orbiting operational environmental satellites and newly emerging commercial small satellite constellations. With high vertical resolutions of a few hundred meters, GPS radio occultation-observed refractivity profiles effectively complement the geostationary satellite observations of infrared brightness temperatures at high horizontal resolutions (∼2 km) for data assimilation in numerical weather prediction. In this study, numerical experiments are performed to assimilate radio occultation (RO) refractivity observations from FY-3D/FY-3E, MetOp-B/MetOp-C, COSMIC-2, SPIRE, and GeoOptics and brightness temperature observations at channels 9 (6.25 μm) and 10 (7.1 μm) from the Advanced Geosynchronous Radiation Imager (AGRI) onboard FY-4A. The benefits of adding the refractivity to the brightness temperature observations for improving quantitative precipitation forecasts (QPFs) of two squall-line cases over eastern China are shown using the Weather Research and Forecasting Model and the Gridpoint Statistical Interpolation analysis system. In the first case, the squall line was caused by a superposition of cold and dry air advection behind an upper-level trough over low-level warm and humid air by a low-level jet. A combined assimilation of the GPS RO and FY-4A AGRI observations produced a skillful forecast of the squall-line distribution, characterized by a warm zone 100–300-km long ahead of a cold front near the ground; this led to more consistent improvements in the forecast of a narrow band of squall-line thunderstorms than those from two separate assimilations. The threat scores of 24-h QPFs associated with both squall-line cases are significantly improved, especially for heavier rainfall events.
Multiphysics Ensemble Framework for Representing Western Himalayan Precipitation Climatology and Extremes: An Assessment from the WRF Model
Authors: Nischal S. , Attada Raju
Published: December 2024

Numerical model simulations are sensitive to the choice of physical parameterizations, particularly those related to convection processes, especially over complex terrains like the western Himalayan region. This study evaluates the sensitivity of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model to three convective parameterization schemes [Betts–Miller–Janjić (BMJ), Kain–Fritsch (KF), and Grell–Freitas (GF)] and their multiphysics ensemble mean (ENSM) through long-term (2001–16) winter (December–March) simulations. Model outputs are validated against multisource datasets [India Meteorological Department (IMD), IMERG, ERA5, and Indian Monsoon Data Assimilation and Analysis (IMDAA)], with extreme precipitation events (EPEs) identified as those exceeding the 95th-percentile threshold. Climatology analysis reveals systematic precipitation biases across all single schemes, significantly reduced in the ENSM. Improvements in skill scores observed for ENSM highlight the reliability of the ensemble approach as an alternative to account for model errors. Underestimations of low-level clouds and hydrometeors improve in ENSM. BMJ and KF (GF) schemes exhibit overestimated (underestimated) magnitudes and location-wise discrepancies for baroclinic instability and moisture transport. These issues are mitigated in ENSM, resulting in better alignment with reference datasets. Additionally, ENSM and KF’s storm tracks align well with reanalyses, while individual schemes show a minor northward placement. For EPEs, ENSM highlights Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal, and Uttarakhand as zones of maximum heavy precipitation and frequency. ENSM realistically represents the western disturbance (WD)-induced circulation characteristics, southward-displaced subtropical jet, shifts in WD-associated vorticity maxima, and potential vorticity intrusions during extremes. Consistent with reference datasets, ENSM demonstrates the crucial role of vertical advection and dynamical controls in moisture distribution during EPEs. Our analysis indicates that a suitable WRF cumulus configuration includes either the multiphysics ENSM or the KF scheme, while the GF scheme yields the poorest results. The findings underscore the importance of evaluating both precipitation characteristics and underlying physical mechanisms to identify sources of systematic biases in model simulations.
Using Polarization to Increase Contrast of Water OH Raman Scattering Relative to Fluorescence of Dissolved Organic Matter
Authors: Twining Callum E. , Williams Paige K. , Schuler Whitney E. , English Caitlyn M. , Richardson Tammi L. , Myrick Michael L.
Published: December 2024

Environmental fluorescence measurements sometimes use water Raman scattering as an internal standard to compensate for path length, lensing effects, and turbidity. Fluorescent dissolved organic matter (FDOM) in water may interfere strongly with the measurement of this reference. However, fluorescence in fluid solution is largely unpolarized, while the OH stretching Raman band of water is always strongly polarized. Using an environmental sample from Lake Wateree in South Carolina, USA, we demonstrate that judicious use of this polarization allows for a significant level of improvement in the contrast or visibility of the water Raman band relative to FDOM.
Under-Recognized Medication Loss With the Administration of Small-Volume Intermittent Infusions
Authors: Dave Aamir S. , Jain Sumeet , Graci Michele , Luo Evelyn , Saunders-Hao Patricia
Published: December 2024

Background: Most antibiotics administered via intermittent IV infusion are diluted in 50 to 100 ml of diluent. The primary infusion set for the BD Alaris® pumps can hold 25 ml of volume in its tubing, potentially contributing up to a 50% drug loss if residual volume is present after administration is complete. In the case of antibiotics, this may lead to significant underdosing, potentially contributing to reduced therapeutic response and emergence of antimicrobial resistance. Many organizations lack departmental policies and procedures for the administration of small-volume intermittent infusions. Developing a clear policy and procedure can increase drug delivery efficiency. Previous studies propose several recommendations, such as using a secondary infusion set, adding carrier fluids, and flushing the line to account for overfill. Objective: Our aim was to implement pilot new guidance in 2 patient units (an ICU and a non-ICU) to address the administration of small-volume intermittent infusions and determine if this results in more complete medication administration. Methods: This was an observational quality improvement initiative assessing the new guidance established for the administration of small-volume intermittent infusions to current practices. The primary outcome of this study was the incidence of residual drug volume in the IV line before the air-detector, IV bag, or IV vial. This was done through observation, and data collected through a survey. Results: In total, 203 IV administrations were observed, 86% of which were antibiotics. There were 124 IV administrations being observed before policy guidance initiation and 79 after initiation. The results showed a statistically significant reduction in the incidence of fluid remaining in the IV line before the air-detector (85% vs 27%; P < .001), the IV bag (59% vs 7.6%; P < .001), and in the IV vial (47% vs 24%; P < .001.). Conclusion: The proposed interventions significantly decreased the incidence of fluid remaining in the IV line before the air detector in the BD Alaris Pump, IV bag, and IV vial, presumably decreasing medication loss.
Party Financing in Ghana: A Case for Regulated Elite Funding
Authors: Kyei-Poakwah Kwadwo , Owusu-Mensah Isaac , Adu Edmund Poku
Published: December 2024

This article explores party financing in the developing world, analyzing an African case to suggest ways of improving regulations as part of reducing corruption in the political process. With evidence from a nationwide survey conducted in Ghana, we argue that the economic situation of developing countries creates the required policy environment for the implementation of regulated elite funding of political parties. Building the will of political actors is cardinal for these conditions. We also offer suggestions on how political will can be built to increase transparency and openness in electoral politics and party funding in general.
Particle swarm optimization-based load balance-aware energy-efficient scheduling for mobile crowd computing
Authors: Pramanik Pijush Kanti Dutta , Biswas Tarun , Choudhury Prasenjit
Published: December 2024

Due to their increasing computational power and energy-efficient hardware, today’s smart mobile devices (SMDs) are replacing desktops and laptops as casual computing devices. Moreover, a cluster of such powerful SMDs can garner substantial high-performance computing (HPC). Such an HPC is achieved by utilizing publicly owned SMDs in mobile crowd computing (MCC). Here, a large computing-intensive task is divided and scheduled for the available SMDs for execution, and the results are recollected. This approach provides an economical and sustainable HPC. However, battery-powered constrained energy is a great hindrance to achieving this goal. Therefore, in the MCC, it is crucial to minimize the overall energy consumption to complete the task. This can be achieved to some extent by optimizing task scheduling to the appropriate SMDs. However, considering only energy efficiency might lead to an enormous load imbalance among SMDs, i.e., the most energy-efficient SMDs would be overloaded most of the time. Considering this, in this paper, we present a modified particle swarm optimization (PSO)-based scheduling algorithm to minimize the overall energy consumption among a set of SMDs designated to execute a set of MCC tasks while maintaining a satisfactory load balance level. Extensive simulations with both synthetic and real data sets are carried out to analyze and validate the proposed method. The work was compared with popular heuristic (minimum completion time (MCT), MinMin, MaxMin, and preconditioned progressive iterative approximation (PPIA)) and metaheuristic (genetic algorithm (GA)) optimization algorithms, which yields significant improvements over others in terms of the considered objectives. In addition, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test is conducted to provide further evidence regarding the distinctiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Curricular Differentiation and Informal Networks: How Formal Grouping and Ranking Practices Shape Friendships among Students in College
Authors: Jeffrey Wesley
Published: December 2024

This study draws on complete friendship network data on two first-year biological sciences cohorts at a selective university in the United States to investigate how and to what extent allocating students to curricular groups and grading their performance in class shape (1) processes of friend selection at the dyadic level and (2) friendship clustering at the network level. Through a set of stochastic actor-oriented models, results show that students tend to befriend peers from the same curricular group versus a different one (i.e., curricular group homophily) and befriend higher-performing peers (i.e., performance-based status). Follow-up analyses reveal that friendship clustering by curricular group placement is largely due to course co-enrollment (i.e., proximity), whereas academic-performance-based clustering is primarily the result of students aligning their own performance to match the average performance of their friends (i.e., influence). I discuss implications of these findings for helping to promote learning in higher education.
“Just be here”: An interpretative phenomenological analysis of couples’ experiences of dyadic coping in multiple sclerosis
Authors: Carberry Serena , Fortune Dónal G.
Published: December 2024

Couples are typically affected by Multiple Sclerosis (MS) as a dyad, with both partners involved in managing the disease. This study explored couples’ shared experiences of coping with MS, with a focus on the dyadic narrative. Eleven couples participated in joint interviews and individual follow-on interviews. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) identified three themes: Interacting individual and dyadic coping experiences, evolving communication and understanding, and regaining control through the dyadic experience. The findings highlighted the interconnected individual and dyadic coping processes, which shaped each couples’ unique experience of MS. When stress was not clearly communicated, couples often misinterpreted the others’ needs and difficulties, which often led to a period of emotional distancing in the relationship. Developing new ways to communicate over time supported couples to move towards a more aligned approach to coping with MS as a dyadic coping system. Limitations are discussed, including the use of a well-educated, self-selected sample of couples, where all relationships exceeded seven years. Clinical and research implications are discussed, including the value of exploring a diverse range of communication strategies, that may continue to evolve over the disease course.
Is there a risk of addiction to ketamine during the treatment of depression? A systematic review of available literature
Authors: Ingrosso Gianmarco , Cleare Anthony J , Juruena Mario F
Published: December 2024

Background:

Ketamine has demonstrated both rapid and sustained efficacy in treating depression, especially in treatment-resistant cases. However, concerns regarding the addictive potential of ketamine during long-term depression treatment persist among clinicians.

Aim:

This review aimed to summarise the evidence on addiction phenomena associated with ketamine treatment of depression.

Methods:

A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and Global Health databases, with additional relevant studies identified through reference lists. Sixteen studies were included, comprising six randomised controlled trials, three single-arm open-label studies, one retrospective study, three case series and three case reports, for a total of 2174 patients.

Results:

The studies employed various routes of administration, including intravenous, intramuscular, intranasal, oral and sublingual. Ketamine was administered in the racemic form, except for the studies that utilised intranasal esketamine. Among the included population, four patients were reported to exhibit clear signs of tolerance to the antidepressant effect of ketamine or dependence on the drug, while the majority did not. Cases of addiction phenomena reported in studies that did not meet the inclusion criteria are also discussed.

Conclusions:

Despite the heterogeneity in study designs and outcome assessment methods, the review underscores the relative safety of ketamine treatment for adult patients with depression, emphasising the importance of medically supervised administration, vigilant monitoring and judicious dosing. Future long-term studies employing quantitative scales to assess dependence phenomena could contribute to strengthening the evidence for the safe and effective use of ketamine in the treatment of depression.
FusionPortableV2: A unified multi-sensor dataset for generalized SLAM across diverse platforms and scalable environments
Authors: Wei Hexiang , Jiao Jianhao , Hu Xiangcheng , Yu Jingwen , Xie Xupeng , Wu Jin , Zhu Yilong , Liu Yuxuan , Wang Lujia , Liu Ming
Published: December 2024

Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) has been widely applied in various robotic missions, from rescue operations to autonomous driving. However, the generalization of SLAM algorithms remains a significant challenge, as current datasets often lack scalability in terms of platforms and environments. To address this limitation, we present FusionPortableV2, a multi-sensor SLAM dataset featuring sensor diversity, varied motion patterns, and a wide range of environmental scenarios. Our dataset comprises 27 sequences, spanning over 2.5 hours and collected from four distinct platforms: a handheld suite, a legged robot, an unmanned ground vehicle (UGV), and a vehicle. These sequences cover diverse settings, including buildings, campuses, and urban areas, with a total length of 38.7 km. Additionally, the dataset includes ground truth (GT) trajectories and RGB point cloud maps covering approximately 0.3 km2. To validate the utility of our dataset in advancing SLAM research, we assess several state-of-the-art (SOTA) SLAM algorithms. Furthermore, we demonstrate the dataset’s broad application beyond traditional SLAM tasks by investigating its potential for monocular depth estimation. The complete dataset, including sensor data, GT, and calibration details, is accessible at https://fusionportable.github.io/dataset/fusionportable_v2 .
Strategic approach to embolization of coronary to pulmonary artery fistulas: a technical note
Authors: Montag Michael Johannes , Möhlenkamp Stefan , von Dohna Martha
Published: December 2024

Background

Congenital coronary artery to pulmonary artery fistulas (CPAFs) are extremely rare congenital vascular malformations.

Purpose

To give a practical approach and consider technical challenges and pitfalls for endovascular embolization of CPAF.

Material and Methods

Anatomic, technical, and pathophysiologic considerations are given and demonstrated for antegrade and retrograde endovascular embolization of CPAF.

Results

Antegrade embolization is easier to perform, saves radiation exposure, and is recommended especially in younger patients. In case of a single dominant feeder, antegrade embolization of this feeder might sufficiently treat the CPAF. Retrograde embolization from the pulmonary orifice is technically more challenging but leads to a complete and definite closure of the fistula in one single step.

Conclusion

Patient age and fistula configuration must be taken into consideration for appropriate treatment approach in CPAF. Prerequisite for successful embolization of CPAF is profound clinical and interventional experience, why we highly recommend to both plan and carry out embolization of CPAF as interdisciplinary procedure.
Thermodynamic strategy for hydrogen-based direct reduction shaft furnace to achieve a higher efficiency
Authors: Yang Zonghao , Li Kejiang , Conejo Alberto , Zou Qingsong , Liang Zeng , Jin Feng , Zhang Jianliang
Published: December 2024

To achieve the climate goal of carbon neutrality, the steel industry needs to undergo a low-carbon revolution. Hydrogen-based direct reduction is an effective way for the high-carbon-emitting steel industry to achieve a low-carbon and green transformation upgrade. By establishing mathematical models to estimate the gas utilisation ratio and energy requirement based on thermodynamic equilibrium and energy balance laws, this paper discusses the effects of key factors such as H2/CO ratio in the input gas, water–gas shift reaction and CH4 content on the gas utilisation ratio and energy requirement. The paper aims to provide theoretical guidance for formulating future strategies in hydrogen-based direct reduction processes and analyzing methods to improve the gas utilization ratio in the Midrex and Energiron processes. The results showed that both the inlet H2/CO ratio and the inlet gas temperature have a significant influence on gas utilisation ratio and energy requirement. When considering the water–gas shift reaction, as the H2/CO ratio increases, it is better to increase the top gas temperature when there is sufficient heat. Overall, based on the conclusions, a new set of process parameters was proposed, aiming to provide useful support for the development of hydrogen metallurgy in the steel industry.
X-ray computed tomography (XCT) study on the porosity structure of slag film in the steel continuous casting
Authors: Qin Shiying , Yang Mingrui , Zhang Xun , Wilson Paul , Williams Mark , Yan Zhiming , Li Zushu
Published: December 2024

X-ray computed tomography (XCT) has been utilised to investigate the porosity structure of slag films in the steel continuous casting. This study explores the efficacy of the XCT technique in characterising and identifying porosity within slag films, including comparisons between vertical XCT slices and images from traditional 2D methods. The results of 3D visualisation reveal that higher porosity on the mould side is not consistent across all slag films, thereby challenging existing beliefs. It has also been observed that the distributions of pore locations vary across different slag films, correlating with their porosity levels. In slag films with low porosity, pores predominantly appear on the sides, whereas, in those with higher porosity, they are distributed throughout. Analysis of pore sizes across various slag films indicates that, although smaller pores are numerous, larger pores significantly contribute to the overall porosity. This research in-depth explored the internal pore structure in slag film via XCT technique, offering insights for optimising slag film design and improving steel casting processes.
Rhythmic entrainment of heart rate as a mechanism for musical emotion induction: A plausible hypothesis in need of evidence?
Authors: Juslin Patrik N , Harmat Laszlo , Barradas Gonçalo , Omstedt Gustaf , Redtzer Veronica
Published: December 2024

Several researchers have hypothesized that a musical rhythm can influence a listener’s heart rate through a process of entrainment and that this mechanism can influence the emotional feelings of the listener also. However, previous research has yielded mixed results, perhaps due to methodological problems. In this study, we independently manipulated the tempo of pieces of ambient instrumental music with a salient rhythm to influence the heart rate of 36 listeners with varying musical backgrounds, who also reported felt arousal and valence and subjective impressions of various induction mechanisms. Using a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design, we manipulated direction (up vs. down) and magnitude (±3% vs. ±30%) of tempo change and extent of listener movement (finger tapping vs. still listening). For each trial, the tempo was manipulated in reference to the present heart rate of the individual listener. The results showed little evidence of entrainment. In general, listeners’ heart rate did not align with the target tempo (i.e., entrainment proper) nor did it change in the direction of the target tempo (i.e., entrainment tendencies). Instead, regardless of direction and size of tempo change, we observed a similar small increase in heart rate and arousal. The results are consistent with a general arousal effect of musical rhythm.
Analysis of Pedestrian–Vehicle Interaction Dynamics at Signalized Urban Intersections: A Surrogate Safety Measure Approach
Authors: Raoniar Rahul , Singh Shruti , Pathak Abhinay , Maurya Akhilesh Kumar
Published: December 2024

Increased pedestrian–vehicle interactions, especially at signalized intersection crosswalks, have resulted in more pedestrian fatalities, and this situation worsens under heterogeneous traffic conditions. Therefore, evaluating pedestrian road-crossing safety is crucial, especially at signalized intersection crosswalks. This article aims to study pedestrian crossing safety at signalized intersection crosswalks based on the safety margin. Video graphic data were collected from eight signalized intersections. Data were extracted, and significant variables influencing the pedestrian safety margin (PSM) were identified. A random-intercept multiple linear regression model for predicting the PSM was estimated. Data included site, demographic, behavioral, exposure, the state of the crossing (distraction), glance, and traffic characteristics as variables. The model results revealed that pedestrians used the largest safety margin against heavy vehicles while crossing in a group. Pedestrians’ crossing speed has a significant influence on the PSM. It was also found that pedestrians showed the highest level of caution (used the largest safety margin) against right-turning vehicles compared with through vehicles. The glance variable estimates revealed that the “during-crossing glance” is an important determinant of the PSM, while the “before-crossing glance” is insignificant. In addition, unsafe pedestrian crossing behavior concerning distractors highlighted that the use of headphones significantly influences the PSM. The results of the current PSM model could aid in the efficient design of future pedestrian infrastructure and suggest appropriate remedial measures for existing intersection crosswalks to enhance pedestrian safety.
Examining Engagement Calendar Deviations in Assisted Living: A Focus on Residents With Dementia
Authors: Sease Jasmine , Kemp Candace L.
Published: December 2024

Early in our longitudinal qualitative study on meaningful engagement and quality of life among assisted living (AL) residents with dementia, researchers observed differences between the activities scheduled on monthly engagement calendars and those taking place. Yet, we were unable to identify any research examining such deviations or their implications. Thus, drawing on data from three diverse AL communities studied over a one-year period, we aim to: 1) examine deviations in scheduled engagement programming; 2) identify influential factors; and 3) understand resident outcomes. Our analysis identified general adherence to calendars but also deviations involving cancellations and substitutions. Factors influencing deviations included staff and staffing, engagement capacity, programming guidance and support, care staff attitudes and beliefs, and unforeseen circumstances. Cancellations typically meant resident inactivity and sometimes boredom, disappointment, and anxiety; substitutions appear less detrimental. This analysis has implications for research and practice and underscores the significance of engagement among persons living with dementia.
Research Gaps and Priorities in Hispanic/Latine Cognitive Aging and Health
Authors: Andrade Flavia Cristina Drumond , Gutiérrez Ángela
Published: December 2024

The 2024 International Conference on Aging in the Americas (ICAA) explored cognitive aging, health policy, environmental factors, and migration among Hispanic/Latine populations. The event aimed to identify social disparities, institutional roles in dementia care, and financial support mechanisms for caregivers. A redesigned consensus-building approach using Mentimeter enabled quicker, real-time feedback across four panels: (1) Cognitive Aging, (2) Health Policy Reform, (3) Aging and the Environment, and (4) Aging, Migration, and Health. Key outcomes highlighted gaps in research, such as the need for longitudinal, culturally diverse datasets and policies that mitigate healthcare and environmental disparities. Participants prioritized early detection of age-related conditions, non-pharmacological treatments, and support for caregivers. Findings advocate for integrative research, improved data linkages, and policy reforms to address disparities in healthcare access and quality of life among older adults across the Americas.
Health Equity Consortium: Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion for Black, Indigenous, and 2SLGBTQIA+ Nurses
Authors: Gauthier Paul-André , Evans Shelley , Guido Victoria , Cooper Brathwaite Angela , Versailles Dania , Juüdi-Hope Daria Adèle , Garraway Corsita , Costa Tanya , Suva Grace , Stade Brenda , Grinspun Doris
Published: December 2024

This article provides reflections on the initiatives and experiences of nurses who identify as Black, Indigenous, and/or 2SLGBTQIA + within the Canadian healthcare system, as well as the efforts of the Health Equity Consortium to promote equity within the nursing profession. The paper explores the unwavering commitment of marginalized nurses to exceptional patient care despite facing pervasive prejudices and discrimination. It discusses the Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario's (RNAO) commitment to diversity and the creation of the Health Equity Consortium to address systemic barriers. Furthermore, the article highlights the concept of intersectional stigma and the need for comprehensive cultural competency training and inclusive leadership practices. Additionally, it outlines the consortium's aim to gather more information and publish further work to advance equity within the nursing profession and healthcare system. Ultimately, the reflection underscores the importance of collective action and ongoing dialogue to drive meaningful change towards a more equitable and inclusive healthcare system.
Biomimetic niosomal versus liposomal nanoparticle-based aspirin injection for treating stroke and myocardial infarction
Authors: Raj Bhavana , Sapa Harika , Shaji Shona S , Kamalasanan Kaladhar
Published: December 2024

In this work, we are comparing biomimetic niosomal nanoparticles (BNNs) with biomimetic liposomal nanoparticles (BLNs) and studying their drug carrier properties. A-BNNs and A-BLNs are prepared by lipid hydration method and characterized using DLS for size and zeta potential analysis, surface morphology by SEM, structural details by TEM, crystallinity and phase change by XRD, thermodynamic properties by DSC, TGA and DTGA, drug carrier properties by entrapment efficiency, drug release studies by open-end tube method and its mechanistic assessment by fitting with various models such as zero order, first order, Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas models. The A-BNNs had an average size of 157.0 ± 3.58 nm and A-BLNs had an average size of 173 ± 1.24 nm. The A-BNNs had an average zeta potential of −29.0 ± 1.11 mV and A-BLNs had an average zeta potential of −46.5 ± 1.11 mV. The A-BNNs have an average entrapment efficiency of 94 ± 0.4% and A-BLNs have an average entrapment efficiency of 98 ± 0.14%. The BNNs have an average drug release of 78.12 ± 1.57% and A-BLNs have an average release of 98.41 ± 1.87% over 24 hours. Our results show that the vesicular size dependence influences the resulting nanoparticle drug carrier properties. This is a robust demonstration of the phenomena at the nanoscale that the precursor vesicular system size dependency will be reflected in bulk-engineered nanoparticle properties. These novel nanoparticles are potential candidates for development as an injection to suppress clots in stroke and myocardial infarction.
Special Education Teacher Candidate Identity Development: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Weiss Margaret P. , Szocik Katherine , McKenney Nora , Baulier Katherine , Shaheen Tashnuva
Published: December 2024

Professional identity is an area of significant research in engineering and health care but research in special education teacher identity is limited. Using the framework of Identity Theory, this study examined the evolving professional identity standard of seven preservice teacher candidates using concept maps across three points in time during their preparation program. An analysis of course syllabi provided context for the knowledge and skills learned during the program. A focus group interview with the candidates at the completion of their program targeted the factors they felt influenced their development. Findings indicate that participants’ identity standard evolved throughout the program, particularly related to special education teacher role, with significant consolidation and integration occurring during the internship experience. Implications of these findings are discussed.
Centering Race in Career Development: A Critical Review of Career Scholarship and Practice
Authors: Buford Melanie V. , Flores Lisa Y.
Published: December 2024

In response to calls for more attention to social justice in career development, many career professionals have undertaken equity-driven research and practice. Yet, direct attention to race and racism continues to represent a gap in the work of career vocational scholars and practitioners. This article reviews research on past and present links between race and work, along with the evolution of attention to racial equity. It highlights, in particular, the underrepresentation of Black, Indigenous, and Professionals of Color perspectives in the profession, and the ways in which career scholars and practitioners have evaded direct attention to systemic racism. The concepts of racial capitalism and representative bureaucracy, and their implications for the racial justice aims of the profession, are discussed. We provide recommendations for transforming career development professional associations into anti-racist organizations that can lead racial equity action in career development.
A novel recast layer in situ thinning method for film cooling holes in fast EDM drilling
Authors: Chu Hao-Yu , Wang Jian , Xi Xue-Cheng , Zhao Wan-Sheng
Published: December 2024

As the main machining method of film cooling holes, fast EDM (electrical discharge machining) drilling has the defect that the thickness of a recast layer is difficult to control, which can severely affect the service life of a turbine blade on the aero engine parts. In order to reduce the thickness of a recast layer in fast EDM drilling while ensuring machining precision and efficiency, a novel recast layer in situ thinning method, which uses the precision-controlled discharge erosion and tiny energy layer-by-layer thinning strategy, is proposed. Moreover, the recast layer removal mechanism, as well as the influence of this method on fast EDM drilling are systemically investigated, thereby, the optimal combination of machining parameters with different electrode diameters of the in situ thinning method is obtained. Machining results show that with the proposed method, the maximum and average thickness of the recast layer can be well controlled within 2.5 μm and 2 μm, with the highest reduction rate of the recast layer reaching 85.39%, which greatly improves the machining quality of film cooling holes of a turbine blade.
Investigation on the surface texture aspect ratio of freeform surfaced optics and its correlation with the optical performance
Authors: Liu Shangkuan , Cheng Kai
Published: December 2024

Freeform surfaces are known for their versatility in providing complex optical functionalities. The surface texture aspect ratio, representing the relationship between surface height variation and lateral feature size, is examined in relation to vari-focal lenses. Nanometric surface measurement techniques and 3D surface parameters are utilized to quantify the aspect ratio and evaluate its impact on optical performance. Experimental results demonstrate a significant correlation between higher aspect ratios and increased aberrations, leading to decreased optical quality. Controlling the surface texture aspect ratio during manufacturing is crucial for achieving optimal functional performance. This study contributes to the understanding of how the aspect ratio affects the performance of freeform surfaced optic components, providing insights for the design and fabrication of high-performance optical components. Future research can explore optimization strategies and advanced manufacturing techniques to enhance functional performance in optics and optical system design.
Acute effects of static stretching on postural control during a maximum forward-leaning task in young and older adults
Authors: Oba Kensuke , Samukawa Mina , Ohta Moeka , Oka Izumi , Kasahara Satoshi , Suzuki Teppei , Ogasawara Katsuhiko
Published: December 2024

Background

Static stretching (SS) is effective in increasing flexibility and neuromuscular function, leading to changes in postural control.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the acute effects of SS on ankle plantar flexors and dynamic postural control during a maximum forward-leaning task in young and older adults.

Methods

Twenty-eight university students and 22 community-dwelling older adults were included in this study. The participants performed 5 sets of 1-min SS for the ankle plantar flexors of both legs with standing on a stretching board. Ankle dorsiflexion range of motion (ROM) and center of pressure (COP) during the maximum forward-leaning task, the COP area, and the anterior limit of stability were assessed before and after SS.

Results

SS increased ankle dorsiflexion ROM, COP velocity, and anterior limit of stability, whereas changes in the COP area were not significant after SS. Furthermore, there were no differences in the changes in postural control between young and older adults, whereas ROM increase was greater in older adults than in young adults.

Conclusions

These findings suggest that SS can improve postural control and can serve as a simple, low-risk intervention to reduce the risk of falls in older, at-risk adult populations.
Beyond the storm season: The polyrhythms of coastal hazardscapes on the Kūaotunu Peninsula
Authors: Staupe-Delgado Reidar , van Zandvoort Kerstie , Bremer Scott
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we develop an account of engaged practice of coastal conservation groups with seasonalities on the Coromandel Peninsula in New Zealand, focusing particularly on the polyrhythmicity of change in its coastal hazardscape. While the hazardousness of a place has often been considered in static terms, we wish here to draw attention to its complex temporalities and highly seasonal nature. We emphasise the multiple exposures that exist within the local environment, in order to understand the seasonal nature of natural hazards and the co-ordination of human activities as a result. Our aim is to understand how natural hazards are seasonally set out and managed. A critical insight emerging from the paper is the idea of beyond-annual seasonalities shaping the dynamism of hazardscapes with implications for disaster risk planning.
Book review: Burleigh Hendrickson (15 November 2022) Decolonizing 1968: Transnational Student Activism in Tunis, Paris, and Dakar
Authors: Haokip Paokholal
Published: December 2024

Burleigh Hendrickson (15 November 2022) Decolonizing 1968: Transnational Student Activism in Tunis, Paris, and Dakar. Cornell University Press, 258 pages, Price: $26.95, ISBN: 978-1501767715, (Paperback).
Changes in Personal Behaviors During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Three-Year Longitudinal Study in Japan
Authors: Takamatsu Akane , Honda Hitoshi , Miwa Toshiki , Tabuchi Takahiro , Taniguchi Kiyosu , Shibuya Kenji , Tokuda Yasuharu
Published: December 2024

Few longitudinal studies have examined the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on personal behaviors. This study investigated changes in four social behaviors among the Japanese public during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, using four-wave longitudinal data (2020-2023) from the Japan COVID-19 and Society Internet Survey (JACSIS). In total, 8622 respondents continuously participated in the surveys. In JACSIS 2023, the percentage of individuals who always refrained from specific actions decreased compared with 2020: traveling (71.0%-30.9%), non-essential and non-urgent outings (60.6%-24.5%), crowded spaces (62.6%-28.0%), and eating out (49.5%-21.6%). Mixed-effects logistic regression analysis indicated that essential health care workers displayed more cautious behavior than other workers, and respondents were less likely to refrain from these actions in JACSIS 2023 compared with 2020. Understanding behavioral changes is crucial to evaluating the efficacy of COVID-19 prevention measures and improving future pandemic response strategies.
Temporal kinetics of serum amyloid A (SAA) concentration and identification of SAA isoforms in blood and synovial fluid of horses with experimentally induced septic arthritis, non-septic synovitis, and systemic inflammation
Authors: Koziy Roman V. , Katselis George S. , Yoshimura Seiji , Simko Elemir , Bracamonte José L.
Published: December 2024

Prompt diagnosis of equine septic arthritis is crucial for successful treatment. Serum amyloid A (SAA) has been suggested as a reliable biomarker. However, we previously found that synovial fluid SAA increases in nonaffected joints of horses with septic arthritis. We hypothesized that systemic SAA may leak into the nonaffected joints. If this is the case, we also hypothesized that locally produced joint SAA isoforms may be better candidates for septic arthritis biomarkers. Thus, our objectives were 1) to evaluate the temporal kinetics of systemic and synovial fluid SAA in horses with septic arthritis ( n = 5), non-septic synovitis ( n = 5), and systemic inflammation ( n = 5), examining both affected and contralateral joints; and 2) investigate putative locally produced joint SAA isoforms and detect amino-acid differences between them. We confirmed that SAA increases significantly in synovial fluid in nonaffected joints of horses with systemic inflammation (≤352 mg/L), as well as in contralateral nonaffected joins in horses with septic arthritis (≤1,830 mg/L) compared to baseline at time 0 (<0.2 mg/L). We also identified a putative locally produced joint SAA peptide in synovial fluid (FGDSGHGAADSR) that differed in 1 amino acid from 2 systemic peptides found both in plasma and synovial fluid. The putative joint SAA isoform was present in joints of horses with both septic arthritis and systemic inflammation (ion intensities 104–106). Thus, the increase of synovial fluid SAA may be both due to the leakage of SAA from serum into joints and local production of joint SAA isoforms.
The Addition and Expansion of Demographic Characteristics in the NCVS
Authors: Harrell Erika , Tapp Susannah N.
Published: December 2024

One of the advantages of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) is that it is a large-scale data collection that allows data to be analyzed on various subpopulations. Since the survey’s inception, there have been changes to the population, law, and areas of public interest. In July of 2016, questions were added to the NCVS on citizenship, veteran status, sexual orientation, and gender identity. In addition, changes were made to existing questions on disability status and household income. This allowed for analysis of criminal victimization against more demographic groups. This article discusses these changes and provides estimates of violent victimization by these demographic characteristics.
Underestimation of Chrysotile Health Risk due to Under-ascertainment of Mesothelioma: Evidence from a Century of Connecticut's Experience with the “Magic Mineral”
Authors: Meisenkothen Christopher
Published: December 2024

Over a century ago, Connecticut industry began using chrysotile asbestos. Chrysotile found a home in several factories that used it exclusively or predominantly. The occurrence of mesothelioma in 4 of those factories is the subject of this paper—2 have been reported previously and are updated here with new information; one was the subject of a prior internal corporate study that was never published; one is reported here for the first time. Twenty-four cases of mesothelioma have been identified among these workers, including several who had no known amphibole exposure. It is likely that additional cases of mesothelioma have been missed. The full scale of the hazard may never be completely known, but reports such as the present one add to the weight of evidence that chrysotile causes mesothelioma in humans and that the full extent of the epidemic is probably wider than retrospective studies have revealed. Continued vigilance is required.
Correction Target of Supramalleolar Osteotomy for Early Varus Ankle Arthritis: Is Overcorrection Necessary?
Authors: Choi SeungMyung , Kim Jaeyoung , Yi Young , Lee Woo-Chun
Published: December 2024

Background:

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiologic outcomes following supramalleolar osteotomy for early varus ankle arthritis with the medial translation of the talus, wherein the lateral translation of the talus center to the tibial axis was used as a correction target. Another aim was to compare the results between the ankles with a normal range of medial distal tibial angle (MDTA) and overcorrected MDTA at the postoperative period to investigate the role of overcorrected MDTA after the supramalleolar osteotomy.

Methods:

The study comprised 90 patients (93 ankles) with Takakura stage 2 or 3a varus ankle arthritis with the medial translation of the talus, which underwent medial opening supramalleolar osteotomy with fibular osteotomy, and the mean duration of follow-up was 50.7 (range, 24-84) months. Clinical assessments were done with a visual analog scale for pain and the Foot Function Index. The correction target was set at the lateral placement of the talus center to the tibial axis. Radiographic parameters, talus center migration (TCM) and tibial axis–talus ratio (TT ratio), were used to evaluate talus positioning related to the tibial axis. Two groups were established based on postoperative MDTA: a neutral group (MDTA < 94 degrees) and an overcorrected group (MDTA ≥ 94 degrees).

Results:

Postoperatively, clinical and radiographic outcomes improved in all patients ( P < .01). TCM and TT ratio showed a lateral shift of the talus (TCM: from 2.0 ± 1.7 mm to −1.3 ± 1.6 mm, TT ratio: from 55.5% ± 5.4% to 44.7% ± 5.0%, both P < .01). As expected, the overcorrected MDTA group had a larger MDTA than the neutral group preoperatively ( P < .01). However, there were no differences in clinical outcomes or changes in various radiographic parameters between the groups.

Conclusion:

Lateral translation of the talus center relative to the tibial axis can be used as a correction target for medial opening supramalleolar osteotomy to treat early varus ankle arthritis with medial translation of the talus. Overcorrection of the tibial plafond to valgus does not seem necessary.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, retrospective case series study.
Flow field computation and sealing performance analysis of high-speed micro-grooved pumping seal for new energy vehicles
Authors: Chen Hanqing , Yan Ruqi , Hong Xianzhi , Bao Xin , Ding Xuexing
Published: December 2024

A micro-grooved pumping seal for electric vehicles was investigated. In this regard, the real gas effect and viscosity were described using the virial and Lucas equations, respectively, and the oil–air ratio was used to determine the equivalent density and viscosity of the two-phase fluid formed in the mixture of the lubricant and air in the seal. The compressible steady-state Reynolds equation was solved using the finite difference method. The pumping mechanisms of the seal and the effects of operating parameters (rotational velocity, oil–air ratio, inlet pressure, and temperature) on the steady-state sealing performance were analysed. The seal produces a significant hydrodynamic effect on the sealing face. The opening force of the seal increases with rotational velocity, oil–air ratio, and inlet pressure. However, the force decreases as temperature increases. The oil–air ratio has the most significant effect on the opening force. The pumping rate first increases and then decreases as the rotational velocity increases. It increases with the oil–air ratio and temperature but decreases as the inlet pressure increases. In particular, the pumping rate reaches a maximum when the rotational velocity or temperature increases to a certain value. This phenomenon requires special attention during seal design. Our results provide input for the design of micro-grooved pumping seals for new energy vehicles.