bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Key Factors Affecting the Stability of CsPbI3 Perovskite Quantum Dot Solar Cells: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Lim Seyeong , Han Sanghun , Kim Dohyun , Min Jihyun , Choi Jongmin , Park Taiho
Published: June 2022

The power conversion efficiency of CsPbI3 perovskite quantum dot (PQD) solar cells shows increase from 10.77% to 16.2% in a short period owing to advances in material and device design for solar cells. However, the device stability of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells remains poor in ambient conditions, which requires an in‐depth understanding of the degradation mechanisms of CsPbI3 PQDs solar cells in terms of both inherent material properties and device characteristics. Along with this analysis, advanced strategies to overcome poor device stability must be conceived. In this review, fundamental mechanisms that cause the degradation of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells are discussed from the material property and device viewpoints. In addition, based on detailed insights into degradation mechanisms in CsPbI3 PQD solar cells, various strategies are introduced to improve the stability of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells. Finally, future perspectives and challenges are presented to achieve highly durable CsPbI3 PQD solar cells. The investigation of the degradation mechanisms and the stability enhancement strategies can pave the way for the commercialization of CsPbI3 PQD solar cells.
Tunable Ferromagnetism in LaCoO3 Epitaxial Thin Films
Authors: Shin Dongwon , Yoon Sangmoon , Song Sehwan , Park Sungkyun , Lee Ho Nyung , Choi Woo Seok
Published: June 2022

Ferromagnetic insulators play a crucial role in the development of low‐dissipation quantum magnetic devices for spintronics. Epitaxial LaCoO3 thin film is a prominent ferromagnetic insulator, in which the robust ferromagnetic ordering emerges owing to epitaxial strain. Whereas it is evident that strong spin‐lattice coupling induces ferromagnetism, the reported ferromagnetic properties of epitaxially strained LaCoO3 thin films are highly consistent. For example, even under largely modulated degree of strain, the reported Curie temperatures of epitaxially strained LaCoO3 thin films lie in a narrow range of 80–85 K, without much deviation. In this study, substantial enhancement (≈18%) in the Curie temperature of epitaxial LaCoO3 thin films is demonstrated via crystallographic orientation dependence. By changing the crystallographic orientation of the films from (111) to (110), the crystal‐field energy is reduced and the charge transfer between the Co and O orbitals is enhanced. These modifications lead to a considerable enhancement of the ferromagnetic properties (including the Curie temperature and magnetization), despite the identical nominal degree of epitaxial strain. The findings of this study provide insights into facile tunability of ferromagnetic properties via structural symmetry control in LaCoO3.
Emission and Absorption Tuning in TADF B,N‐Doped Heptacenes: Toward Ideal‐Blue Hyperfluorescent OLEDs
Authors: Stavrou Kleitos , Madayanad Suresh Subeesh , Hall David , Danos Andrew , Kukhta Nadzeya A. , Slawin Alexandra M. Z. , Warriner Stuart , Beljonne David , Olivier Yoann , Monkman Andrew , Zysman‐Colman Eli
Published: June 2022

Developing high‐efficiency purely organic blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) that meet the stringent industry standards is a major current research challenge. Hyperfluorescent device approaches achieve in large measure the desired high performance by combining the advantages of a high‐efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) assistant dopant with a narrowband deep‐blue multi‐resonant TADF (MR‐TADF) terminal emitter. However, this approach requires suitable spectral overlap to support Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between the two. Here, a color tuning of a recently reported MR‐TADF B,N‐heptacene core through control of the boron substituents is demonstrated. While there is little impact on the intrinsic TADF properties—as both singlet and triplet energies decrease in tandem—this approach improves the emission color coordinate as well as the spectral overlap for blue hyperfluorescence OLEDs (HF OLEDs). Crucially, the red‐shifted and more intense absorption allows the new MR‐TADF emitter to pair with a high‐performance TADF assistant dopant and achieve maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 15% at color coordinates of (0.15 and 0.10). The efficiency values recorded for the device at a practical luminance of 100 cd m–2 are among the highest reported for HF TADF OLEDs with CIEy ≤ 0.1.
Cerebrospinal fluid proteomic profiling of individuals with mild cognitive impairment and suspected non‐Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology
Authors: Delvenne Aurore , Gobom Johan , Tijms Betty , Bos Isabelle , Reus Lianne M. , Dobricic Valerija , Kate Mara ten , Verhey Frans , Ramakers Inez , Scheltens Philip , Teunissen Charlotte E. , Vandenberghe Rik , Schaeverbeke Jolien , Gabel Silvy , Popp Julius , Peyratout Gwendoline , Martinez‐Lage Pablo , Tainta Mikel , Tsolaki Magda , Freund‐Levi Yvonne , Lovestone Simon , Streffer Johannes , Barkhof Frederik , Bertram Lars , Blennow Kaj , Zetterberg Henrik , Visser Pieter Jelle , Vos Stephanie J. B.
Published: June 2022

Background

Suspected non‐Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology (SNAP) is a biomarker concept that encompasses individuals with neuronal injury but without amyloidosis. We aim to investigate the pathophysiology of SNAP, defined as abnormal tau without amyloidosis, in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) proteomics.

Methods

Individuals were classified based on CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)1‐42 (A) and phosphorylated tau (T), as cognitively normal A—T– (CN), MCI A–T+ (MCI‐SNAP), and MCI A+T+ (MCI‐AD). Proteomics analyses, Gene Ontology (GO), brain cell expression, and gene expression analyses in brain regions of interest were performed.

Results

A total of 96 proteins were decreased in MCI‐SNAP compared to CN and MCI‐AD. These proteins were enriched for extracellular matrix (ECM), hemostasis, immune system, protein processing/degradation, lipids, and synapse. Fifty‐one percent were enriched for expression in the choroid plexus.

Conclusion

The pathophysiology of MCI‐SNAP (A–T+) is distinct from that of MCI‐AD. Our findings highlight the need for a different treatment in MCI‐SNAP compared to MCI‐AD.
Application of the Amyloid/Tau/Neurodegeneration Framework in Cognitively Intact Adults: The CABLE Study
Authors: Hu Hao , Bi Yan‐Lin , Shen Xue‐Ning , Ma Ya‐Hui , Ou Ya‐Nan , Zhang Wei , Ma Ling‐Zhi , Hu He‐Ying , Dong Qiang , Tan Lan , Yu Jin‐Tai
Published: June 2022

Objectives

The amyloid/tau/neurodegeneration (AT[N]) framework has conceptualized the Alzheimer's disease (AD) continuum as a continuum of disease with evidence of amyloid‐related pathologies independent of clinical manifestation. Based on this framework, it is necessary to reveal the distribution and risk factors of AD continuum in the cognitively intact population among different cohorts and races, including the northern Chinese Han population.

Methods

This study classified cognitively intact Chinese Alzheimer's Biomarker and LifestylE (CABLE) participants through the AT(N) scheme. Gaussian mixture models were used to identify the cutoff values of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers, which distinguished AD continuum ( A + T−N−, A + T + N−, A + T−N + and A + T + N +) from 1,005 participants (mean age 61 years; 40% female). Multivariable logistic regressions and Cochran–Armitage trend tests were used to test neuropsychological performance and risk factors for AD continuum.

Results

Approximately one‐third of individuals (33.7%) belonged to the AD continuum. Four potential modifiable risk factors, including hypertension, thyroid diseases, social isolation, and minimal depression symptoms, were identified for the AD continuum (OR ranging 1.68–6.90). A trend toward higher prevalence of the AD continuum was associated with a larger number of risk factors (p for trend <0.0001). The risk of AD continuum increased by approximately twofold for each additional modifiable risk factor (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.65–2.24, p < 0.0001).

Interpretation

This study revealed the distribution and potential risk factors of the AD continuum in a cognitively intact Han population in northern China, which filled the gap in the area about the performance of the AT(N) framework in the Asian population. ANN NEUROL 2022;92:439–450
Transparency and Enhancement in Fast and Slow Light in q‐Deformed Optomechanical System
Authors: Kundu Akash , Miszczak Jarosław A.
Published: June 2022

Nonclassical phenomena can be enhanced by introducing q‐deformation in optomechanical systems. This motivates investigation of the optical response in a q‐deformed linearly coupled optomechanical system. The system consists of two deformed cavities that are linearly coupled to the motion of mechanical mirrors, and the cavities are coupled to each other by transmission strength parameter. This study shows that compared to non‐deformed cases, the deformed system exhibits more rapid phase transition at the positions of transparency windows, causing stronger and enhanced fast and slow light phenomena. Moreover, in the region , the optomechanical system results in gain. Additionally, for a fixed deformation of cavities, by tuning the tunneling strength and optomechanical coupling, one can observe a delay and advancement in probe field in the order of milliseconds and even above milliseconds for fine‐tuning of the coupling parameters. Finally, the bridge between mathematical and physical models is built by assuming the deformation to be a primitive root of unity, which indicates a class of anyon models. These results demonstrate that q‐deformation provides a novel method for manipulating and significantly enhancing optical phenomena not only in arbitrarily deformed optomechanical systems but also in anyon models.
Long‐read genotyping with SLANG (Simple Long‐read loci Assembly of Nanopore data for Genotyping)
Authors: Dorfner Marco , Ott Tankred , Ott Philipp , Oberprieler Christoph
Published: June 2022

Premise

Most phylogenomic library preparation methods and bioinformatic analysis tools in restriction site–associated DNA sequencing (RADseq)/genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) studies are designed for use with Illumina data. The lack of alternative bioinformatic pipelines hinders the exploration of long‐read multi‐locus data from other sequencing platforms. The Simple Long‐read loci Assembly of Nanopore data for Genotyping (SLANG) pipeline enables locus assembly, orthology estimation, and single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) calling using Nanopore‐sequenced multi‐locus data.

Methods and Results

Two test libraries (Leucanthemum spp., Senecio spp.; Compositae) were prepared using an amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP)‐based method to reduce genome complexity, then Nanopore‐sequenced, and analyzed with SLANG. We identified 704 and 448 orthologous loci with 12,368 and 10,048 SNPs, respectively. The constructed phylogenetic networks were identical to a GBS network produced using Leucanthemum Illumina data and were consistent with Senecio species circumscriptions based on morphology.

Conclusions

SLANG identifies orthologous loci and extracts SNPs from long‐read multi‐locus Nanopore data for phylogenetic inference, population genetics, or phylogeographical studies. Combined with an AFLP‐based library preparation, SLANG provides an easily scalable, cost‐effective, and affordable alternative to Illumina‐based RADseq/GBS procedures.
Effects of flow recession regime on stranding of Rio Grande silvery minnow suggests that conservation actions must overcome evolutionary traps
Authors: Archdeacon Thomas P. , Gonzales Eric J. , Thomas Lyle I. , Rudolph Ashlee B. , Bachus Jennifer A.
Published: June 2022

Flow intermittence is a major disturbance for riverine fishes. Many species of fishes that evolved in naturally intermittent streams have specialized adaptations to survive drought such as movement to refuge habitats. Conservation of fishes in river systems with highly altered flow regimes requires understanding of how individuals and populations respond to flow intermittence.

Here, flow was manipulated in two 16‐km segments of the Rio Grande, New Mexico, to determine whether managed flow recession could reduce stranding imperilled Rio Grande silvery minnow in isolated pools.

Slower flow recessions did not decrease stranding in isolated pools over the range tested. Flow recession rate appeared to have an adverse impact on stranding; fewer fish were stranded under faster recession rates, but complex interactions were evident. Fish were stranded throughout both segments regardless of flow recession rate.

No evidence of a synchronized movement response was observed. Instead, many Rio Grande silvery minnows were probably trapped within proximal habitats, which dry completely and function as evolutionary traps, rather than moving to areas of perennial flow. Use of proximal habitats during streamflow intermittence has implications for management of the species and mitigation of mortality, including managed flow recession rates, and position and function of refuge habitats.

Effective mitigation for flow intermittence and stranding in streams with highly modified flow regimes will depend on the life history and behavioural response of the species. For Rio Grande silvery minnow, facilitating adaptive behaviour would require creating refuge areas that increase fish survival for weeks to months, as reducing the attractiveness of the traps is likely to be impossible given lack of a synchronized movement response to declining flows. Mismatching life‐history strategies, behaviour, and scale of conservation actions may result in ineffective management and continued dependence on intensive management actions such as augmentation with hatchery fish.
Improved fractional augmented control strategies for continuously stirred tank reactors
Authors: Mukherjee Deep , Raja G. Lloyds , Kundu Palash , Ghosh Apurba
Published: June 2022

Controlling concentration and temperature of continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) is an extremely challenging task in chemical process industries. This is because conventional unity feedback schemes do not guarantee stable operating conditions for the CSTR process. Therefore, fractional calculus is augmented with multi‐loop control to achieve enhanced stability and closed‐loop performance than unity feedback structure in this work. Accordingly, three different fractional‐order‐based novel multi‐loop control structures are proposed based on time domain analysis. In two of the proposed strategies, fractional‐order PID controller (FOPID) and internal model control (IMC)‐based FOPID controller with fractional filter are used in the inner‐loop. Moreover, fractional‐order‐based Lyapunov stability rule of model reference adaptive control (MRAC) is used in outer‐loops for both of the above mentioned methods. Finally, an advanced multi‐loop predictor with FOPD controller in the inner‐loop and FOIMC controller in the outer‐loop is also proposed. In this work, fractional‐order, filter parameters, and FOPID settings are obtained by minimizing multi‐objective functions using modified particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. Closed‐loop responses and control efforts of the proposed control strategies are compared with that of FO‐Lyapunov‐based MRAC scheme. Quantitative performance analysis is also carried out on all proposed methods based on error metrics and total variation of the control signal.
Separating the shortwave and longwave components of greenhouse gas radiative forcing
Authors: Shine Keith P. , Byrom Rachael E. , Checa‐Garcia Ramiro
Published: June 2022

Many important greenhouse gases (including water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane and ozone) absorb solar radiation. When gas concentrations change, this absorption exerts a radiative forcing that modifies the thermal infrared (‘longwave’) radiative forcing which is predominant for most gases (ozone being a major exception). The nature of the solar forcing differs from the longwave forcing in several ways. For example, the sign of the instantaneous solar forcing can differ between the tropopause and top‐of‐atmosphere, and the sign can differ between gases. In addition, a significant part of the solar forcing can be manifested in the longwave, following stratospheric temperature adjustment, which can counteract or enhance the instantaneous solar forcing. Here the nature of solar forcing is examined via a mixture of idealised and more realistic calculations, which consider the effect of perturbations in carbon dioxide, methane and ozone. An apparent contradiction in the sign of the solar forcing of carbon dioxide is resolved; it is shown to be negative, reducing the net carbon dioxide forcing by about 2.3%. The relevance of this work to the effective radiative forcing concept is also discussed.
Carbon emissions, corporate governance, and staggered boards
Authors: Tanthanongsakkun Suparatana , Treepongkaruna Sirimon , Jiraporn Pornsit
Published: June 2022

Carbon emissions have been identified as a major cause of global warming and are harmful to the environment. Given the seriousness of climate changes, businesses are encouraged to adopt corporate strategies to improve environmental performance. Staggered boards (or classified boards) are one of the controversial corporate governance devices being employed by corporations that protect managers from the market for corporate control. This paper explores whether staggered boards can be a useful business strategy to improve carbon emissions. Relying on a novel data set in which the presence of a staggered board is identified through advanced machine learning algorithms and textual analysis, we find that staggered boards bring about significantly worse emission performance by 10.67%. Our results corroborate the premise that staggered boards insulate self‐interested managers from market discipline and thus exacerbate agency problems, resulting in more unfavorable outcomes. Further analysis validates the results, that is, propensity score matching, entropy balancing, instrumental‐variable analysis, and generalized method of moments (GMM) dynamic panel data estimation. Importantly, we include firm fixed effects to account for unobserved heterogeneity. Our findings indicate that de‐staggered boards may help improve emission performance.
Idarubicin‐Loaded DEB‐TACE plus Lenvatinib versus Lenvatinib for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: A propensity score‐matching analysis
Authors: Fan Wenzhe , Zhu Bowen , Yue Shufan , Zheng Xinlin , Zou Xinhua , Li Fuliang , Qiao Liangliang , Wu Yanqin , Xue Miao , Wang Hongyu , Tang Yiyang , Li Jiaping
Published: June 2022

Aims

To investigate the efficacy and safety of lenvatinib and idarubicin‐loaded drug‐eluting beads transarterial chemoembolization (IDADEB‐TACE) in primary advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

This retrospective study included patients with primary advanced HCC who received either lenvatinib monotherapy or lenvatinib plus IDADEB‐TACE as first‐line treatment from September 2019 to September 2020 at three institutes. Overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), objective response rate (ORR), and adverse events were compared. Propensity score‐matching was used to reduce the influence of confounding factors on the outcomes.

Results

The study reviewed 118 patients who received lenvatinib plus IDADEB‐TACE (LIDA group) and 182 who received lenvatinib alone (LEN group). After propensity score‐matching, 78 pairs of patients remained. Compared to patients in the LEN group, those in the LIDA group had better post‐treatment ORR (57.7% vs. 25.6%, p < 0.001, respectively), median OS and TTP (15.7 vs. 11.3 months, hazard ratio [HR] = 0.50, p < 0.001; 8.0 vs. 5.0 months, HR = 0.60, p = 0.003, respectively), 6‐ and 12‐month OS rates (88.5% vs. 71.4%; 67.6% vs. 43.4%, respectively), and progression‐free rates at 6 and 12 months (60.3% vs. 42.3%; 21.1% vs. 10.3%, respectively). Vascular invasion, α‐fetoprotein level, and treatment type were independent OS predictors, and vascular invasion and treatment type were independent TTP predictors. Incidences of nausea/vomiting, fever, abdominal pain, and increased ALT/AST were higher in the LIDA group than in the LEN group.

Conclusions

Lenvatinib plus IDADEB‐TACE is well‐tolerated and more effective than lenvatinib monotherapy in patients with advanced HCC.
Acute post‐infection cerebellar ataxia following SARS‐CoV‐2 infection: A case report
Authors: Salari Mehri , Hojjati Pour Fatemeh , Zaker Harofteh Bahareh , Etemadifar Masoud
Published: June 2022

APCA is characterized as a sudden loss of coordination of muscle movements due to an infection and is the most frequent form of acute cerebellar ataxia (ACA), a common neurological disease in children. We attempt to underline that acute post‐infectious cerebellar ataxia (APCA) can be a post‐COVID complication in children.
Molecular modifications, biological activities, and applications of chitosan and derivatives: A recent update
Authors: Lima Rita , Fernandes Carla , Pinto Madalena M. M.
Published: June 2022

Polysaccharides arouse great interest due to their structure and unique properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and absence of toxicity. Polysaccharides from marine sources are particularly useful due to the wide variety of applications and biological activities. Chitosan, a deacetylated derivative of chitin, is an example of an interesting bioactive marine‐derived polysaccharide. Moreover, a wide variety of chemical modifications and conjugation of chitosan with other bioactive molecules are responsible for improvements in physicochemical properties and biological activities, expanding the range of applications. An overview of the synthetic approaches for preparing chitosan, chitosan derivatives, and conjugates is described and discussed. A recent update of the biological activities and applications in different research fields, mainly focused on the last 5 years, is presented, highlighting current trends.
Markovnikov‐Selective Hydroboration of Aryl Alkenes Enabled by a Simple Nickel Salt
Authors: Liu Tianfen , Li Chuhan , Bai Jiahui , Zhang Panke , Guo Yinlong , Wang Xiaoming
Published: June 2022

Comprehensive Summary

The sustainable development of synthetic reactions catalyzed by earth‐abundant metals is one of the principal goals in homogeneous catalysis. However, so far most of the protocols are still plagued by sophisticated ligands, hazardous activators, high catalyst loading (1—10 mol%) and/or multistep synthesis of the metal complexes in the process development. Consequently, the development of earth‐abundant metal catalysts with high activity from commercially available metal salts is highly desirable for practical utilization of base metal catalyzed synthetic methodology. Herein, we report the catalyst generated in situ from a mixture of catalytic amounts of Ni(acac)2 (as low as 0.005 mol%) and CsF, which is found highly active for Markovnikov‐selective hydroboration of vinylarenes, including 1,1‐disubstituted vinylarenes and internal olefins, affording a wide range of secondary and tertiary alkyl boronates in excellent yields. Mechanistic experiments indicate that the key to the success of this catalysis is the use of CsF, which in combination with pinacolborane acts as an effective activator for Ni(acac)2, probably generating metastable Ni nanoparticles in situ that demonstrate high activity in the catalytic hydroboration (TON up to 18800).
Comparing clinical and nonclinical cancer patient navigators: A national study in the United States
Authors: Wells Kristen J. , Wightman Patrick , Cobian Aguilar Rosa , Dwyer Andrea J. , Garcia‐Alcaraz Cristian , Saavedra Ferrer Elba L. , Mohan Prashanthinie , Fleisher Linda , Franklin Elizabeth F. , Valverde Patricia A. , Calhoun Elizabeth ,   the National Navigation Roundtable Evidence‐Based Task Group
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND

A nationwide survey was conducted to examine differences between clinical and nonclinical oncology navigators in their service provision, engagement in the cancer care continuum, personal characteristics, and program characteristics.

METHODS

Using convenience sampling, 527 oncology navigators participated and completed an online survey. Descriptive statistics, χ2 statistics, and t tests were used to compare nonclinical (eg, community health worker) and clinical (eg, nurse navigators) navigators on the provision of various navigation services, personal characteristics, engagement in the cancer care continuum, and program characteristics.

RESULTS

Most participants were clinical navigators (76.1%). Compared to nonclinical navigators, clinical navigators were more likely to have a bachelor's degree or higher (88.6% vs 69.6%, P < .001), be funded by operational budgets (84.4% vs 35.7%, P < .001), and less likely to work at a community‐based organization or nonprofit (2.0% vs 36.5%, P < .001). Clinical navigators were more likely to perform basic navigation (P < .001), care coordination (P < .001), treatment support (P < .001), and clinical trial/peer support (P = .005). Clinical navigators were more likely to engage in treatment (P < .001), end‐of‐life (P < .001), and palliative care (P = .001) navigation.

CONCLUSIONS

There is growing indication that clinical and nonclinical oncology navigators perform different functions and work in different settings. Nonclinical navigators may be more likely to face job insecurity because they work in nonprofit organizations and are primarily funded by grants.
Solidifying roles, responsibilities, and the process of navigation across the continuum of cancer care: The Professional Oncology Navigation Task Force
Authors: Franklin Elizabeth F. , Dean Monica S. , Johnston Danelle M. , Nevidjon Brenda M. , Burke Susie L. , Simms Booth Lisa M.
Published: June 2022

Since its founding in 1990, the profession of oncology navigation has grown and evolved. Although core concepts serve as a unifying thread throughout the profession, there has not been formal agreement on standardization of definitions, scopes, and roles for the various types of navigators. This has created challenges for sustainability, including reimbursement for navigation services. Emerging from the Biden Cancer Initiative's patient navigation working group, the Professional Oncology Navigation Task Force was created to serve as the voice of professional oncology organizations with an ultimate goal of solidifying definitions, scopes, and roles of navigators across the care continuum. Task group members are committed to cross‐disciplinary partnership (including nursing, social work, and nonclinically licensed navigation). As the Task Force worked to define, refine, and disseminate professional standards (with input from the navigation community), the work done by the National Navigation Roundtable was vital to our evolving understanding of the profession. This article outlines the importance of that partnership and highlights the relevant findings of each article in this supplement of Cancer to the standardization work.

LAY SUMMARY

Within the profession of oncology navigation, definitions, scopes, and roles of navigators have not been solidified.

Standardization of the profession is critical to allow for continued growth and evolution as well as policy direction.

This article introduces the work of the Professional Oncology Navigation Task Force, which created the Oncology Navigation Standards of Professional Practice with input from professional leaders and community stakeholders.

The article also links the work of the National Navigation Roundtable and the critical need to coordinate and amplify efforts across groups.
Reciprocal and Non‐reciprocal Chiroptical Features in Thin Films of Organic Dyes
Authors: Albano Gianluigi , Pescitelli Gennaro , Di Bari Lorenzo
Published: June 2022

The study of chiroptical properties in thin films of chiral organic π‐conjugated dyes is more complex than isotropic solutions, due to the interference of macroscopic anisotropies often present in the solid state. The experimental circularly polarized (CP) absorption (electronic circular dichroism, ECD) and CP emission (circularly polarized luminescence, CPL) of a thin film can be expressed as the sum of several terms, some of which are non‐reciprocal upon film flipping. In this review, we shall discuss the fundamental theoretical concepts about reciprocal and non‐reciprocal chiroptical features in thin films of organic dyes, describing their correlation with the solid‐state structural organization and suggesting a practical toolbox to quantify their relative weight on an experimental ECD or CPL spectrum. Moreover, we shall also take into account the literature on thin films of organic π‐conjugated dyes showing strong non‐reciprocal CP absorption and/or CP emission, due to their potential high interest in the flourishing field of chiral photonics and electronics.
VCSNet: V‐fused color saliency net
Authors: Xu Binjing , Wu Qiong , Qin Hong , Liu Zhiyuan , Shi Lin , Li Shuang
Published: June 2022

Image salient region detection methods, which can detect and extract interesting regions in pictures, have been a hot research direction in recent years. Most of current salient region detection algorithms and corresponding training datasets originated from general visual attention processes and primarily reflected attention to object shape in pictures. While color vision provided more useful information in vision systems, the color effect of visual attention should be and must be considered. First, we collected cue data of painting pictures from several observers using eye‐track recording technology when observers were asked to pay attention to color information of various paintings. Second, we constructed a color attention dataset, color saliency dataset (CSD), from the cue data and pictures. Thirdly, we designed a V‐fused color saliency net (VCSNet) model which included three modules: a color information fusion module, a prediction module, and an optimization module and trained the model using the CSD. Finally, we compared our method with previous algorithms on the CSD, and results showed that our method outperformed the previous algorithms in color saliency detection with MAE of 0.057 and Fmax of 0.265. We open source part of the self‐created dataset:https://github.com/InfiniteEM/ColorSaliencyDataSet.
Combining xenia, male sterility, and synchronous pollination to improve maize grain yield and market value
Authors: Westgate Mark , Halbach Rachel , Lauer Mike , VanDeWoestyne Bradley
Published: June 2022

Xenia (pollination of florets with genetically unrelated pollen), male sterility (removal of fertile pollen), and synchronous pollination (application of pollen when all silks are present) are well‐documented processes that influence kernel formation and development in maize. There also have been numerous reports in which xenia and male sterility were combined in an attempt to increase kernel number, kernel weight, and/or grain yield. We present an analysis of published literature exploring impacts of xenia resulting from cross‐pollination, male sterility, and synchronous pollination applied individually or in combination. Although synchronous pollination has had the most consistent and positive impact on seed formation, to our knowledge there are no reports combining all three effectors together. Recently developed technology to collect, preserve, and apply large volumes of maize pollen has provided the opportunity to evaluate the cumulative and potentially synergistic effects of synchronous pollination, xenia, and male sterility applied together on maize hybrids. We present the results of a field trial combining all three effectors in maize; this approach increased kernels per ear, kernel oil concentration, and grain yield per hectare. The results suggest synchronous pollination is essential to enable the greatest number of kernels to develop successfully. Male sterility supports kernel formation by providing greater assimilate supply per kernel, and xenia increases sink strength to attract the additional assimilates. The positive response and economic return when these effectors are applied in combination provides a novel opportunity for grain producers to manage kernel formation and composition proactively using pollen to deliver the trait of choice.
A compressible image encryption method based on nondegenerate hyperchaotic system and its implementation on ZYNQ
Authors: Yu Wenxin , Zhou Zuanbo
Published: June 2022

Digital image plays an important role of information carrier with the rapid development of information technology. In this paper, a compressible image encryption method based on nondegenerate hyperchaos is proposed. Firstly, a nondegenerate hyperchaotic system based on the nonlinear feedback controller is designed, and its dynamic characteristic is analyzed. The image information is compressed by integer discrete cosine transform (DCT). Then the image encryption algorithm is proposed by using the pseudo‐random sequence generated by hyperchaotic system. Finally, the proposed scheme is realized by using ZYNQ development platform. The security of proposed scheme is enhanced by the nondegenerate hyperchaotic system, and the data volume for encryption algorithm is reduced by DCT preprocessing without affecting the image visual quality. The hardware implementation based on ZYNQ platform shows the feasibility of the proposed scheme. Through the security analysis of the experimental results, it is verified that the image can be well encrypted by the proposed method with great performance.
Response of riparian vegetation to short‐ and long‐term hydrologic variation
Authors: Friedman Jonathan M. , Eurich Abigail M. , Auble Gregor T. , Scott Michael L. , Shafroth Patrick B. , Gibson Polly P.
Published: June 2022

Increasing demand for river water now conflicts with an increasing desire to maintain riparian ecosystems. Efficiently managing river flows for riparian vegetation requires an understanding of the time scale of flow effects, but this information is limited by the absence of long‐term studies of vegetation change in response to flow variation. To investigate the influence of short‐ and long‐term flow variability and dam operation on riparian vegetation, we determined the occurrence of 107 plant species in 133 permanent plots of known inundating discharge along the Gunnison River in Colorado on five different occasions between 1990 and 2013. Individual species moved up and down the gradient of inundating discharge coincident with increases and decreases in mean annual flow, and the correlations between flow and species occurrence were strongest when flows were weighted by time before vegetation sampling with a median half‐life of 1.5 years. Some tall, rhizomatous, perennial species, however, responded to flows on a longer time scale. Logistic regression of species occurrence showed a significant relation with inundation duration for 70 out of 107 species. Plot species richness and total vegetative cover decreased in association with desiccation at low inundation durations and with fluvial disturbance at high inundation durations. Within‐plot similarity in species occurrence between years decreased strongly with increasing inundation duration. Moderate inundation durations were dominated by tall, rhizomatous, perennial herbs, including invasivePhalaris arundinacea(reed canary grass). Over the 23‐year study period, species richness declined, and the proportion of rhizomatous perennials increased, consistent with the hypothesis that decreases in flow peaks and increases in low flows caused by flow regulation have decreased establishment opportunities for disturbance‐dependent species. In summary, annual‐scale changes in vegetation were strongly influenced by flow variation, and decadal‐scale changes were influenced by decreases in fluvial disturbance from upstream flow regulation beginning decades prior to the onset of this study.
On the link between tree size and ecosystem carbon sequestration capacity across continental forests
Authors: Zhao Meifang , Sun Mengde , Xiong Tao , Tian Shihong , Liu Shuguang
Published: June 2022

The asymptotic height (Hmax) and the size‐scaling exponent (β), proxies of tree size and important forest architectural parameters of the relationships between height and tree diameter of forests, play important roles in the carbon (C) stocks and fluxes of forest ecosystems. However, the patterns and drivers of these values in continental China are not well known. Based on a national forest database of China, we explored the geographic patterns and ecological drivers of Hmax and β and their dynamic relationships with the C sequestration capabilities of the studied ecosystems, including the C stock and allocation, net ecosystem productivity (NEP), and mean ecosystem C turnover time. At the ecosystem scale, the Hmax values ranged from 10.37 to 37.07 m, with a mean value of 25.41 m, showing a decreasing trend with increasing latitude. However, β ranged from 0.598 to 0.73, with a mean value of 0.66, showing an increasing trend with latitude. The spatial patterns of the forest Hmax and β at the national scale were largely controlled by the mean annual temperature, mean annual precipitation, and forest age. These patterns were verified using biomass and forest C sequestration data, showing that the total vegetation C stock as a whole, in aboveground or belowground components, was significantly and positively correlated with Hmax (p < 0.05), revealing apparent “faster first, slower later” increasing trends with Hmax (R2 = 0.759, 0.821, and 0.527, respectively). In addition, for forest >20 m, NEP showed a significant strong negative correlation with Hmax (by −0.967% per 1 m of Hmax, R2 = 0.504, p < 0.05), and a 10‐m increase in Hmax resulted in a decrease in mean ecosystem C turnover time by 16.9% (7.43 years). Taller forests might indeed be expected to have higher autotrophic respiration consumption rates but lower mean ecosystem C turnover time and NEP values than shorter forests. The discovery that community‐level asymptotic height could be used as a comparative predictor of ecosystem C sequestration capacity and its difference among forest biomes underpins the fundamentals of ecological theories and modeling, which has important implications for forest restoration, policy, and management.
Silence: A predicament for feminist anthropology and social innovation
Authors: Aithamon Marielle
Published: June 2022

This article aims to describe how contemporary societies dominated by racial capitalism and heteropatriarchy view and treat silence as an emptiness to be avoided. Without denying the importance of breaking from the silence of oppression, I argue that the dialectic between norms and silences is at the foundation of sociocultural life. Moreover, silence in feminist theory can be understood as a form of décrochage (lit. “unhooking”) from hegemonic norms, thus opening spaces of doubt and questioning (or spaces of vraisemblance). Dwelling in these spaces, which I believe is the predicament of feminist anthropology, allows us to craft the sociocultural, artistic, and theoretical tools to engage in a state of becoming and emancipation.
Patients' knowledge and concerns about using the implantable cardioverter defibrillator for the primary prevention of sudden cardiac death and its correlates: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Zakeri Mohammad A. , Sedri Nadia , Bazmandegan Golamreza , Zakeri Maryam , Safariyan Mohammad , Dehghan Mahlagha
Published: June 2022

Background and Aims

Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most common causes of mortality in heart failure (HF) patients with reduced ejection fraction. Patients have concerns about the disease and use the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to reduce the effects of HF disease. The current study aims to evaluate the barriers and factors affecting the implantation of the ICD for primary prevention.

Methods

One hundred‐forty‐seven patients with HF were studied in public hospitals in southern Iran by using a cross‐sectional design from April 2018 to June 2019. Demographic, researcher‐made questionnaire, World Health Organization Quality of life‐BREF (WHOQOL‐BREF), general self‐efficacy questionnaires, and Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) were measured for investigating the barriers and impact factors in patent HF.

Results

Most participants were male (56.5%), married (88.4%), illiterate (54.1%), and unemployed (72.6%). 62.6% (n = 92) of the participants did not know about HF and ICD. The total score of patients' concerns about using ICD was 47.11 ± 11.26, which showed a moderate level. The scores of knowledge about HF and ICD had a significant positive poor correlation with self‐efficacy, perceived social support and QoL. Also, the score of concerns about the ICD had a significant negative poor correlation with perceived social support.

Conclusion

Understanding HF patients' issues and obstacles can help us prevent sudden death. Doctors' advice has a significant impact on patients' acceptance. Poor knowledge is the most important reason for nonparticipation. Intervention is necessary to inform patients to understand the advantages and disadvantages.
Maternal depressive symptoms and early childhood temperament before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in the United Kingdom
Authors: Fiske Abigail , Scerif Gaia , Holmboe Karla
Published: June 2022

The COVID‐19 pandemic is an unexpected and major global event, with the potential to have many and varied impacts on child development. However, the implications of the pandemic for maternal depressive symptoms, early childhood temperament dimensions, and their associations, remain largely unknown. To investigate this, questionnaires were completed by mothers (N = 175) before and during the pandemic when their child was 10‐ and 16‐months old (Study 1), and by an extended group of mothers with young children (6–48 months; 66 additional mothers) during the first and second national lockdowns in the United Kingdom in 2020 (Study 2). Results indicated that while maternal pandemic‐related stress decreased over the first 6 months of the pandemic, there was an increase in mothers who reported feeling some level of pandemic‐specific depression. Despite this, we did not observe an increase in the severity of global maternal depressive symptoms, or any negative impact of the pandemic on the development of temperament in infancy and early childhood.
Theories applicable to corporate climate change disclosure
Authors: Guo Ying , Zhao Joanna (Jingwen) , Yang David C.
Published: June 2022

Increasing public attention to climate change has led to many studies to investigate the impact of climate change in various fields. However, the topic demands a further thorough examination of the impact of climate change on firms’ accounting behavior, such as firm disclosure. There are currently no mandatory U.S. accounting standards issued by accounting standards‐setting bodies such as the FASB or SEC on reporting the impact of climate change on firms’ business. However, firms have started to report the impact of climate change on a voluntary basis. In order to help academia, professionals, and investors better understand voluntary climate change disclosure, this study surveys theories of corporate accounting disclosure related to corporate social responsibility and environmental reporting, particularly in the areas of voluntary climate change disclosure. This study integrates multi‐dimensional corporate climate change disclosure theories to help future policymakers, investors, and other stakeholders provide appropriate corporate climate disclosure theoretical assistance and respond to the government and society's calls for a low‐carbon economy.
Women of Worth: the impact of a cash plus intervention to enhance attendance and reduce sexual health risks for young women in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Naledi Tracey , Little Francesca , Pike Carey , Edwards Harley , Robbertze Dante , Wagner Colleen , London Leslie , Bekker Linda‐Gail
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Conditional cash transfers (CTs) augmented with other interventions are promising interventions for reducing HIV risk in adolescent girls and young women.

Methods

A multi‐phase, quasi‐experimental study assessed the impact of a CT (ZAR300; $22) conditional on attending a skills building intervention, Women of Worth (WoW), designed to improve sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes in Cape Town, South Africa from May 2017 to December 2019. The intervention entailed 12 sessions with encouragement to attend adolescent and youth‐friendly health services. Women aged 19–24 years were randomized 1:1 to receive the intervention with a CT (“cash + care” or C+C) or without a CT (“care”). The study included a pilot phase followed by a post‐modification phase with improved uptake and retention without changing programme content or CT. Self‐reported HIV prevalence and SRH/HIV vulnerability were assessed via a self‐administered questionnaire at baseline, after 11 sessions, and 6–30 months’ post‐intervention for a subset. Mixed effect logistic regression models were fitted to estimate within‐subject changes in outcomes.

Results

Of 5116 participants, 904 (452 participants per arm) were in the pilot and 4212 (2039 “care” participants and 2173 “C+C” participants) were in the post modified phase. There were 1867 (85.9%) and 135 (6,6%) participants in the “C+C” group and the “Care,” respectively, that were WoW completers (≥ 11 sessions/retention). During the pilot phase, 194 (42.9%) and 18 (4.0%) participants in “C+C” and the “care” groups were retained. Receiving a CT sustained participation nearly 60‐fold (OR 60.37; 95% CI: 17.32; 210.50, p <0.001). Three‐hundred and thirty women were followed for a median of 15.0 months [IQR: 13.3; 17.8] to assess the durability of impact. Self‐reported new employment status increased more than three‐fold (p <0.001) at WoW completion and was sustained to the longer time point. Intimate partner violence indicators were reduced immediately after WoW, but this was not durable.

Conclusions

Participants receiving CT had sustained participation in an SRH/HIV prevention skills building with improvement in employment and some SRH outcomes. Layered, “young woman centred” programmes to address HIV and SRH risk in young women may be enhanced with CT.
Review of the social and economic dynamics under Colombian mining policy: Cursing the blessing?
Authors: Saldarriaga Isaza Adrián
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the socio‐economic dynamics that, in the Colombian case, underlie the relationship between mining and the territory where it takes place. The description includes the key features of public policy regarding mining, under which mineral resource extraction may have produced unintended effects that raise doubts regarding mining's contribution to Colombian economic development. Under a qualitative approach, I carried out a documentary analysis from which I identified several aspects of the economic and mining policy. The analysis confirms several of the explanations for the so‐called resource curse hypothesis, the connection between these aspects, and of them with specific policy decisions.