bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Expression of MicroRNA of Macrophages Infected with Attenuated Leishmania major Parasite
Authors: Feiz Haddad Mohammad Hossein , Rezvan Hossein , Nourian Alireza , Habibpour Habib
Published: February 2021

Objective Leishmaniasis has been proposed as one of the neglected vector-borne diseases due to an obligate intracellular parasite of the genus Leishmania. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) with a length of 22-nucleotide are known as the noncoding small RNAs. MiRNAs contribute to many biological and cellular approaches. Therefore, the present study evaluated expressing mmu-miR-721, mmu-miR-294–3p, mmu-miR-155–3p, and mmu-miR-30a in murine macrophages infected with attenuated Leishmania major parasites on 3 days after infection.

Methods Attenuated promastigotes have been achieved after 20 passages of Leishmania major parasites. Cell line J774A.1 (murine macrophage) has been used for in vitro experiments. The stationary phase of attenuated L. major promastigotes has been chosen to infect the cells, and then their incubation has been performed with 5% CO2 at 37°C for 3 days. The real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has also been performed with SYBR Green master-mix Kit for measuring the level of mmu-miR-721, mmu-miR-294–3p, mmu-miR-30a, and mmu-miR-155-3p expression. Uninfected macrophages have been considered as a control group.

Results Real-time PCR demonstrated overexpression of mmu-miR-155-3p, mmu-miR-294–3p, and, mmu-miR-721 in the infected cells with Leishmania parasites after 3 days. Results showed no statistically significant difference in the mmu-miR-30a expression between infected macrophages and the uninfected control group.

Conclusion Our findings suggested the significant contribution of the alterations in the miRNA levels to the regulation of macrophage functions following the creation of intracellular parasites like Leishmania. These data could help to understand better the genes' expression in the host cells in the course of leishmaniasis.
Esophageal Stricture and Dermal Pathology Related to Compound Heterozygous Mutations in the TNXB Gene
Authors: Mirza Nida , Upadhyaya Sundeep , Mehta Sagar , Malhotra Smita , Sibal Anupam
Published: February 2021

The Ehlers–Danlos' syndrome (EDS) constitutes a group of connective tissue disorders that are clinically and genetically heterogeneous. Mutations in the TNXB gene have been recognized as pathogenic causing classical-like EDS due to tenascin-X deficiency. Here, we have reported a unique case of compound heterozygous mutation in TNXB gene leading to esophageal stricture and scarred skin in a 7-year-old boy who presented to us with impacted foreign body in esophagus. The child was also having tendency to atrophic skin scarring secondary to trivial trauma.
An Update on Subciliary Lower Eyelid Blepharoplasty
Authors: Cakmak Ozcan , Emre Ismet Emrah
Published: February 2021

The subciliary lower eyelid blepharoplasty has evolved considerably to create a more harmonious natural appearance with a fuller and unoperated look and also to minimize the complications. While lower eyelid malposition was very common in the past, now this complication is significantly reduced by attention to preoperative evaluation, meticulous surgical planning, precise surgical technique, and postoperative care. Various prophylactic maneuvers maintaining/strengthening lower lid support can be utilized to prevent lower lid malposition including preservation of the pretarsal orbicularis oculi muscle, conservative resection of skin and muscle, and suspension of the orbicularis oculi muscle and/or tarsus to the periosteum of the lateral orbital rim. The release of the orbicularis retaining ligament and surgical transposition of orbital fat over the rim rather than excision allows for smoothing of the lid-cheek junction, filling the tear trough deformity, and reducing the appearance of bulging fat in the lower eyelid. In this article the reader will find a comprehensive approach for achieving a smooth contour with gradual blending at the lower eyelid–cheek junction while maintaining/restoring normal lower lid support. A descriptive outline of postoperative care is also provided to help in optimal healing for the patient.
Diagnostic Performance of Noninvasive Methods for Liver Biopsy by Fibroscan in Pediatric
Authors: Motamed Farzaneh , Heidari Ghobad , Heirati Bita , Rahmani Parisa
Published: February 2021

Liver biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis and management of various liver diseases; however, noninvasive diagnostic modalities may help prevent adverse effects of anesthesia, prolonged hospitalization, sampling error, and other serious complications, particularly in pediatric patients. The aim of this study is to compare the results of liver biopsy and fibroscan in children with chronic liver diseases. All patients presenting chronic liver disease admitted in the ward or clinic of Tehran's Children Medical Center were enrolled in the study. Required laboratory tests were performed to diagnose the disease, followed by elastography using fibroscan 402 (M-probe) Echosens machine and liver biopsy using Menghini technique. Samples were scored by using METAVIR scoring system. Thirty-two patients were reported (68.8%, female) with autoimmune hepatitis (18.8%), Wilson disease (12.5%), and glycogen storage disease (12.5%). The most common pathologic stage and fibroscan result was stage III and F0 (46.9%), respectively. Association between pathology and fibroscan results was not significant. Nonetheless, age and diagnosis, age and Fibroscan score, and pathology and liver function test were significantly associated with each other. Fibroscan cannot be used as an alternative to liver biopsy; however, it can be a useful accessory tool.
Theory and Evidence for Platelet Therapy of the Aging Face
Authors: Cole Arron M. , Sclafani Anthony P.
Published: February 2021

Platelet preparations are autologous blood concentrates with supraphysiologic concentrations of platelets with or without leukocytes used in various clinical applications including regenerative medicine, wound healing, and facial rejuvenation. Their use harnesses the important role of platelets and their secretory products in immunoregulation, wound healing, angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling. The use of platelet preparations has been long documented in orthopaedic surgery, maxillofacial surgery, and other fields, but over the years research has increased in their application to facial plastic surgical techniques. Here we review the various formulations of platelet rich concentrates, their applications to facial skin rejuvenation, wound healing, scar reduction, and tissue fill as documented in the literature since 2018.
Delta Neutrophil Index as a Diagnostic Marker of Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Melekoglu Nuriye Asli , Yasar Seyma , Keskin Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Objective Sepsis diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptomatology in newborns. Timely diagnosis is essential for reducing sepsis-related morbidity and mortality. This study was performed to determine the diagnostic value of the delta neutrophil index (DNI) for detection of neonatal sepsis and to compare its efficacy with other conventional markers.

Methods This study was conducted at a tertiary hospital in newborns with confirmed sepsis (n = 59), suspected sepsis (n = 46), and in age- and weight-matched controls (n = 49). DNI, white blood cell count, C-reactive protein (CRP) level, and platelet measurements were determined, and blood cultures were performed at the onset of symptoms.

Results The mean DNI was significantly higher in confirmed and clinical sepsis groups compared with the control group. (6.9 ± 9.3, 1.9 ± 2.1, and 0.4 ± 0.5, respectively, p < 0.001). ROC curve analysis also showed that the combination of DNI and CRP had the highest sensitivity (86%), specificity (100%), and positive predictive value (100%) for predicting neonatal sepsis. DNI values were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (p < 0.05).

Conclusion DNI could be used as a reliable diagnostic marker for neonatal sepsis, and high DNI could predict sepsis development and unfavorable outcomes. The diagnostic capability of DNI may be increased by assessing CRP measurements simultaneously.
You paid what!? Understanding price-related word-of-mouth and price perception among opinion leaders and innovators
Authors: Schneider Sebastian , Huber Frank
Published: February 2021

Although prices are the most discussed topic in consumer conversations, research has mostly neglected the field of price-related word-of-mouth (WOM). The present study picks up this research gap by analyzing the effects of price-WOM valence and price change communicated by WOM on consumer price perception. While a WOM sender’s opinion is a stronger predictor of the recipient’s perceived price fairness, a price change communicated by WOM has a stronger effect on price expensiveness perceptions. Innovators are found to be more positive with their price fairness judgment compared to imitators, and opinion leaders are more prone to price-WOM than non-opinion leaders.
Effect of Zn on thermoelectric power in superconducting Bi2Sr2CaxZn1−xCu2O8+y compounds
Authors: Ragimov S. S. , Askerzade I. N. , Agaeva G. I.
Published: February 2021

For the first time, studies of the temperature dependences of the thermoelectric power for various compositions of Bi2Sr2CaxZn1−xCu2O8+y (x = 1; 0.8; 0.4) in the range 77–320 K have been carried out. The obtained experimental results are analyzed within the framework of the Xin’s two-band model. The concentration of holes per copper atom and the band gap of the semiconductor type Bi–O layers are determined. It is shown that the replacement of the calcium element with zinc in these proportions does not lead to a change in the electronic band structure of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+y.
Calculation of relative dispersions of magnetization, susceptibility, and heat capacity in a two-dimensional weakly diluted Potts model based on computer simulation methods
Authors: Murtazaev A. K. , Babaev A. B. , Ataeva G. Ya. , Murtazaeva A. A.
Published: February 2021

The Monte Carlo method was used to calculate the relative dispersions of the magnetization Rm, susceptibility Rχ, and heat capacity RC for a weakly diluted impurity Potts model with the number of spin states q = 4. It is shown that the introduction of disorder in the form of nonmagnetic impurities into the two-dimensional Potts model with q = 4 on square lattice leads to nonzero values for Rm, Rχ, and RC at the critical point.
Supertunneling effect in graphene
Authors: Korol A. M.
Published: February 2021

The ballistic transmission of the Dirac ultrarelativistic quasielectrons in graphene structures with the rectangular potential barrier is considered, and both the single and the double-barrier structures are analyzed. Within the framework of the continuum model, the transmission coefficient of quasielectrons T is calculated depending on the parameters of the problem. It is believed that there is an electrostatic barrier, as well as the Fermi velocity barrier, due to the fact that this quantity may acquire different values in the barrier and out-of-barrier regions (υF2 and υF1, respectively) of the considered structures. It is shown that the effect of the supertunneling manifests itself in these structures which consists in the fact that under certain conditions the transmission through the structure is perfect (transmission rates T = 1) for the arbitrary angle of incidence of quasielectrons on the barrier. In the case of different values of the Fermi velocities in the barrier and out-of-barrier regions (the parameter β = υF2/υF1, which characterizes the velocity barrier, is not equal to unity), the supertunneling is observed for a certain ratio between the energy E and the barrier height U and significantly depends on β. The expression is given that determines the specified conditions for the supertunneling. In the case of equal velocities (β = 1), the supertunneling effect is observed for the quasielectron energy value E equal to half the height of the electrostatic barrier U. The analysis of the dependence of the transmission on the problem parameters is also provided.
Intermittent and stochastic characteristics of slat tones
Authors: Kamliya Jawahar Hasan , Meloni Stefano , Camussi Roberto , Azarpeyvand Mahdi
Published: February 2021

Experiments were conducted to assess the aeroacoustic characteristics of a 30P30N three-element high-lift airfoil fitted with two different types of slat cove fillers in the Aeroacoustic Facility at the University of Bristol. The results are presented for the angle of attack α = 18° at a free-stream velocity of U∞ = 30 m/s, which corresponds to a chord-based Reynolds number of Rec = 7 × 105. Simultaneous measurements of the unsteady surface pressure were carried out at several locations in the vicinity of the slat cove and at the far-field location to gain a deeper understanding of the slat noise generation mechanism. The results were analyzed using a higher-order statistical approach to determine the nature of the broadband hump seen at low frequencies for the 30P30N high-lift airfoil observed in recent studies and also to further understand the tone generation mechanism within the slat cavity. Intermittent events induced by the resonant mechanism between the slat and its trailing edge were investigated in detail. A series of correlation and coherence analysis of the unsteady surface pressure measurements was carried out to identify and isolate the low-frequency hump. A wavelet analysis was performed to investigate the nature of the slat-wing resonant intermittent events in both time and frequency domains. Novel approaches, dynamic mode decomposition, and multi-resolution dynamic mode decomposition were applied to the wavelet coefficient moduli to determine the nature of the noise.
Constructing many-body dissipative particle dynamics models of fluids from bottom-up coarse-graining
Authors: Han Yining , Jin Jaehyeok , Voth Gregory A.
Published: February 2021

Since their emergence in the 1990s, mesoscopic models of fluids have been widely used to study complex organization and transport phenomena beyond the molecular scale. Even though these models are designed based on results from physics at the meso- and macroscale, such as fluid mechanics and statistical field theory, the underlying microscopic foundation of these models is not as well defined. This paper aims to build such a systematic connection using bottom-up coarse-graining methods. From the recently developed dynamic coarse-graining scheme, we introduce a statistical inference framework of explicit many-body conservative interaction that quantitatively recapitulates the mesoscopic structure of the underlying fluid. To further consider the dissipative and fluctuation forces, we design a novel algorithm that parameterizes these forces. By utilizing this algorithm, we derive pairwise decomposable friction kernels under both non-Markovian and Markovian limits where both short- and long-time features of the coarse-grained dynamics are reproduced. Finally, through these new developments, the many-body dissipative particle dynamics type of equations of motion are successfully derived. The methodologies developed in this work thus open a new avenue for the construction of direct bottom-up mesoscopic models that naturally bridge the meso- and macroscopic physics.
Multicanonical analyses of bluff airfoil drags in subcritical flows
Authors: Tong Ming , Yevick David
Published: February 2021

We apply the multicanonical procedure in conjunction with an improved multi-resolution lattice Boltzmann model to evaluate the probability distribution function of the drag resulting from small but rarely occurring statistical deformations of a bluff airfoil NACA (National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics) 0050 and on a more streamlined NACA0030 airfoil with a larger aspect ratio. This analysis enables the effect of surface roughness on drags in a subcritical fluid flow to be examined in detail and demonstrates that the magnitude of the pressure drag, which is the primary component of the bluff airfoil drag, correlates with the width of the Fourier spectrum of the perturbation on the airfoil, while surface smoothness correlates with the frictional drag reduction in the subcritical fluid flow. Moreover, the multicanonical analysis differentiates between bluff and streamlined bodies without separately evaluating frictional and pressure drags.
A study of two unequal-sized droplets undergoing oblique collision
Authors: Chaitanya Gembali Sai , Sahu Kirti Chandra , Biswas Gautam
Published: February 2021

The oblique collision of two unequal-sized liquid droplets in a gaseous environment is investigated numerically. It is found that the asymmetry in the flow field arising due to unequal-sized droplets and oblique collision greatly alters the collision outcomes observed in the case of the head-on collision of identical droplets. Our results reveal that permanent coalescence occurs at intermediate collision angles, but head-on and large-angle collisions result in reflexive separation and stretching separation, respectively. Moreover, we found that the end-pinching mechanism is operational in the case of head-on collision, and the capillary wave instability is responsible for the ligament breakup for large collision angles. It is also observed that the droplets coalesce permanently for low velocity ratios and high radius ratios, but for high velocity ratios and low radius ratios, the droplets coalesce temporarily and then split again. By conducting a large number of numerical simulations, the collision outcomes and the boundary separating them are plotted on Rr−We and θ−We planes, where We, Rr, and θ represent the Weber number, radius ratio of droplets, and collision angle, respectively.
Improvement of magnetostriction performance by doping Mg in spinel MnV2O4
Authors: Liu Qing-Yuan , Liu Zi-Yi , Tao Lei , Liu Jian , Zhou Xue-Bo , Huo Ming-Xue , Wang Xian-Jie , Sui Yu
Published: February 2021

By a combination of magnetization M(T), M(H) and strain ΔL/L700K, ΔL/L0Oe, the positive magnetostrictions up to ∼5000 ppm originating from the rearrangement of tetragonal domains were observed in spinel Mn0.85Mg0.15V2O4, which exhibits two successive magnetic transitions at TC ∼ 42 K and T* ∼ 28 K. An anomalous magnetic hysteresis loop under a high field occurs below T*, caused by the rearrangement of tetragonal domains. We found that the Mg-doping at the Mn site can effectively promote the positive magnetostriction in Mn1-xMgxV2O4 systems. Moreover, the remnant strain can be significantly lowered by Mg-doping due to the enhancement of magnetic anisotropy. These results provide a possible approach for further optimizing the performance of magnetic shape-memory materials.
Comment on “Wigner numbers” [J. Chem. Phys. 151, 244122 (2019)]
Authors: Árendás Peter , Császár Attila G.
Published: February 2021

An alternative combinatorial expression is presented for the Wigner numbers Wm,nJ that leads to a generating function and to several new identities. An extended class of Wigner numbers, Wigner numbers of the ℓth order, Wm,nJ,ℓ, is also introduced.
Influence of Stefan flow on the drag coefficient and heat transfer of a spherical particle in a supercritical water cross flow
Authors: Jin Hui , Wang Yingdong , Wang Huibo , Wu Zhenqun , Li Xiaoyu
Published: February 2021

The interaction between the fluid and particles is the key to obtain accurate flow and heat transfer rules. For a reactive particle, the Stefan flow will affect the mass, momentum, and energy transfer between the particle and the fluid. The Stefan flow on the coal particle surface cannot be neglected in supercritical water gasification technology. In this paper, the influence of different Stefan flow intensities on the drag coefficient (Cd) and the Nusselt number (Nu) of supercritical water (SCW) cross flowing around a fixed spherical particle with Re in the range of 10–200 is studied; at the same time, the velocity and temperature boundary layers and the flow field around the particle are analyzed. For the influence of the dramatic change of the thermophysical properties of SCW near the pseudo-critical point, simple analysis of the drag coefficient and heat transfer of the particle with Stefan flow is conducted. The results show that with the increase in Stefan flow intensity, Cd and Nu decrease and the thickness of velocity and temperature boundary layers increases. A model of the particle with Stefan flow is constructed, and the Cd and Nu correlation formulas of the particle with Stefan flow are obtained.
Di-n-butyl phthalate diminishes testicular steroidogenesis by blocking the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis: relationship with germ cell apoptosis in Japanese quail
Authors: Alam Mohammad Shah , Kurohmaru Masamichi
Published: February 2021

Although di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) induces germ cell apoptosis, the underlying mechanism is not yet clear in quail. In this study, prepubertal quails were given a single dose of 500mg kg−1 DBP by gavage and were then killed 3, 6 and 24h after treatment. There was a significant reduction in intratesticular testosterone (ITT) concentrations and testicular steroidogenic enzyme mRNA expression and a significant increase in germ cell apoptosis in DBP-treated compared with control quails at all time points. Maximum apoptosis was detected 6h after treatment and the maximum reduction in testosterone concentrations was at 3h. To investigate whether DBP suppressed testicular steroidogenesis by affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–testicular axis, we analysed pituitary LH subunit β (Lhb) mRNA expression and serum LH concentrations. At all time points, pituitary Lhb expression and serum LH concentrations were significantly decreased following DBP treatment. The present observations suggest the possibility that DBP blocked LH secretion from the hypothalamus and/or pituitary, thereby decreasing LH stimulation of Leydig cells and reducing ITT concentrations. DBP-induced decreases in ITT concentrations may cause changes to the physical structure of Sertoli cells, which, in turn, may induce germ cell apoptosis.
Cross-cultural models of mental hurt emotion
clusters
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara , Wilson Paul
Published: February 2021

The main objective of this chapter is to
construct models of conceptualizations of mental hurt
emotional clusters in a cross-cultural perspective, taking British
English and Polish as the major areas of investigation. The
materials and sources of the data are the GRID instrument, the
online emotions sorting task and Polish and British English language
corpora, particularly their collocational language-specific
profiles. The concordances and collocations are generated from the
British National Corpus and the National Corpus of Polish as well as
monitor corpora of Polish and English. The analyses and discussion
of hurt Emotion Event scenarios in terms of some of their
cultural dimensions demonstrate a complex structure of hurt
and the occurrence of multiple cluster members in each language,
comprising derivatives of physical hurt and pain events, their
presuppositions, causes, effects and conditioning. As opposed to a
focus on single emotions, we posit a viewpoint that centers on
emotion clusters, covering – in the case of hurt – sadness,
frustration, anger, and others, as well as pride –
the main target of hurt.
Fear and insecurity in the politics of austerity
Authors: Autto Janne , Törrönen Jukka , Huysmans Jef
Published: February 2021

This paper examines how fear and insecurity are deployed in disputes over austerity. Drawing on discussions on the cultures of fear and on the social and political process which weaves fear and insecurity into the fabric of society, we analyse how austerity was justified and opposed in the Finnish parliament in 2015. We bring out different renditions of fear in five registers of justification that were deployed in the dispute. The registers evoked fear with threats to national sovereignty, dangers to societal security, and threats of harm and vulnerability. In addition, the registers evoked fear by drawing rhetorical force from the welfare state identity and by intertwining fear with political trust. Even though the renditions of fear played an important role, our findings also speak against straightforward interpretation of the politics of austerity as an example of moving into a culture of fear and insecurity.
mTORC1 activity is supported by spatial association with focal adhesions
Authors: Rabanal-Ruiz Yoana , Byron Adam , Wirth Alexander , Madsen Ralitsa , Sedlackova Lucia , Hewitt Graeme , Nelson Glyn , Stingele Julian , Wills Jimi C. , Zhang Tong , Zeug André , Fässler Reinhard , Vanhaesebroeck Bart , Maddocks Oliver D.K. , Ponimaskin Evgeni , Carroll Bernadette , Korolchuk Viktor I.
Published: February 2021

The mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates mitogenic and stress signals to control growth and metabolism. Activation of mTORC1 by amino acids and growth factors involves recruitment of the complex to the lysosomal membrane and is further supported by lysosome distribution to the cell periphery. Here, we show that translocation of lysosomes toward the cell periphery brings mTORC1 into proximity with focal adhesions (FAs). We demonstrate that FAs constitute discrete plasma membrane hubs mediating growth factor signaling and amino acid input into the cell. FAs, as well as the translocation of lysosome-bound mTORC1 to their vicinity, contribute to both peripheral and intracellular mTORC1 activity. Conversely, lysosomal distribution to the cell periphery is dispensable for the activation of mTORC1 constitutively targeted to FAs. This study advances our understanding of spatial mTORC1 regulation by demonstrating that the localization of mTORC1 to FAs is both necessary and sufficient for its activation by growth-promoting stimuli.
Confessions at the Supreme Court: Judicial Response to Solicitor General Error
Authors: Schoenherr Jessica A. , Waterbury Nicholas W.
Published: February 2021

As the chief litigator for the US government, the solicitor general plays a crucial role in the Supreme Court decision-making process. The justices and solicitor general share a mutually beneficial relationship that is reinforced by the solicitor general’s willingness to provide legal advice when asked. In this article, we examine whether and how this relationship changes when the solicitor general files a formal “confession of error.” Using data on confessions filed between the 1979 and 2014 terms, we find the justices are significantly less likely to support the solicitor general’s position at multiple stages of the Court’s decision-making process if the solicitor general confesses error in light of a policy change. This punishment is harshest when the solicitor general provides advice as an amicus curiae participant, but it is only temporary. These results provide new insight into the scope and limitations of benefits allotted to the Court’s “tenth justice.”
Gravitational lenses in arbitrary space-times
Authors: Fleury Pierre , Larena Julien , Uzan Jean-Philippe
Published: February 2021

The precision reached by current and forthcoming strong-lensing observations requires to accurately model various perturbations to the main deflector. Hitherto, theoretical models have been developed to account for either cosmological line-of-sight perturbations, or isolated secondary lenses via the multi-plane lensing framework. This article proposes a general formalism to describe multiple lenses within an arbitrary space-time background. The lens equation, and the expressions of the amplification and time delays, are rigorously derived in that framework. Our results may be applied to a wide range of set-ups, from strong lensing in anisotropic cosmologies, to line-of-sight perturbations beyond the tidal regime.
Interpretable, calibrated neural networks for analysis and understanding of inelastic neutron scattering data
Authors: Butler Keith T , Le Manh Duc , Thiyagalingam Jeyan , Perring Toby G
Published: February 2021

Deep neural networks (NNs) provide flexible frameworks for learning data representations and functions relating data to other properties and are often claimed to achieve ‘super-human’ performance in inferring relationships between input data and desired property. In the context of inelastic neutron scattering experiments, however, as in many other scientific scenarios, a number of issues arise: (i) scarcity of labelled experimental data, (ii) lack of uncertainty quantification on results, and (iii) lack of interpretability of the deep NNs. In this work we examine approaches to all three issues. We use simulated data to train a deep NN to distinguish between two possible magnetic exchange models of a half-doped manganite. We apply the recently developed deterministic uncertainty quantification method to provide error estimates for the classification, demonstrating in the process how important realistic representations of instrument resolution in the training data are for reliable estimates on experimental data. Finally we use class activation maps to determine which regions of the spectra are most important for the final classification result reached by the network.
Shock response and defect evolution of copper single crystals at room and elevated temperatures
Authors: Xiong Qi-Lin , Shimada Takahiro , Kitamura Takayuki , Li Zhenhuan
Published: February 2021

Shock compression behaviors of copper single crystals at room and elevated temperatures are investigated by molecular dynamics simulations. The results show that when increasing the initial temperature, the kinetic energy part of stress increases while the potential energy part of stress decreases; the shear strain and the density of defects decrease while the magnitude of temperature rise increases. To understand the effect of initial temperature on the shock response, the evolutions of dislocations under different initial temperatures are studied in detail. Finally, the effect of initial temperature on quasi-static compression behavior is also investigated and analyzed.
A broadband sound-absorbing panel based on the coiled coplanar absorber with multiple absorption peaks
Authors: Han Lei , Ji Hongli , Qiu Jinhao
Published: February 2021

We report an ultrathin sound-absorbing panel with a continuous sound absorption greater than 0.7 over a frequency bandwidth of about 600 Hz. The panel is constructed by several different individual absorbers, and each absorber is composed of a perforated plate and a coiled coplanar air chamber with an extended tube inserted at the end of it. The extended tube which is co-planarly coiled in a plane with the chamber divides the end of the chamber into three tubes. By designing the geometric parameters of the three tubes, an absorption coefficient spectrum of the individual absorber with three absorption peaks can be designed, and every absorption peak can be adjusted individually. As the research premise of the broadband sound-absorbing panel, the acoustic absorption coefficient of the individual absorber is first derived through the theoretical method, and the fundamental effects of the structural parameters on the absorption characteristics are also investigated. Besides, the physical absorption mechanism of the absorber is also revealed by numerical simulation. Therefore, by connecting several absorber units with reasonable structural parameters in parallel, a parallel absorbing panel with broadband absorption bandwidth can be designed. To verify the validity of the designed individual absorber and the broadband absorbing panel, samples have been designed and fabricated by 3D printing, and their acoustic characteristics are measured by experimental study.
Nano fibers of lead free perovskite Cesium Titanium Bromide (CsTiBr3) thin films by in-house deposition technique
Authors: Beegum K A Benazeera , Sasi Saranya , Mathew Alex , Asha A S , Reshmi R
Published: February 2021

A novel lead free nano fibers of Cesium Titanium Bromide (CsTiBr3) perovskite is synthesized on commercial glass substrate by a two stage deposition method for the first time. Cesium Bromide thin film prepared by vacuum evaporation by resistive heating is the substrate for deposition of Titanium Bromide (TiBr4) vapor by an in-house deposition arrangement. The duration of deposition of TiBr4 vapor on CsBr thin film plays a key role on the structural, compositional and morphological properties of CsTiBr3. The mechanism behind the formation of nano fibers of CsTiBr3 from polygonal grains of CsBr is discussed in detail. The grain boundary grooving of CsBr polygonal grains influences the evolution and dimension of CsTiBr3 nano fibers. The nano fiber structure and lead free nature makes this novel perovskite a promising candidate for sensors, nanolasers and for future nanoelectronics.
Sound velocity in dense stellar matter with strangeness and compact stars *
Authors: Xia Chengjun , Zhu Zhenyu , Zhou Xia , Li Ang
Published: February 2021

The phase state of dense matter in the intermediate density range (

1-10 times the nuclear saturation density) is both intriguing and unclear and can have important observable effects in the present gravitational wave era of neutron stars. As matter density increases in compact stars, the sound velocity is expected to approach the conformal limit (

) at high densities and should also fulfill the causality limit (

). However, its detailed behavior remains a prominent topic of debate. It was suggested that the sound velocity of dense matter could be an important indicator of a deconfinement phase transition, where a particular shape might be expected for its density dependence. In this work, we explore the general properties of the sound velocity and the adiabatic index of dense matter in hybrid stars as well as in neutron stars and quark stars. Various conditions are employed for the hadron-quark phase transition with varying interface tension. We find that the expected behavior of the sound velocity can also be achieved by the nonperturbative properties of the quark phase, in addition to a deconfinement phase transition. Moreover, it leads to a more compact star with a similar mass. We then propose a new class of quark star equation of states, which can be tested by future high-precision radius measurements of pulsar-like objects.
Mobility enhancement techniques for Ge and GeSn MOSFETs
Authors: Cheng Ran , Chen Zhuo , Yuan Sicong , Takenaka Mitsuru , Takagi Shinichi , Han Genquan , Zhang Rui
Published: February 2021

The performance enhancement of conventional Si MOSFETs through device scaling is becoming increasingly difficult. The application of high mobility channel materials is one of the most promising solutions to overcome the bottleneck. The Ge and GeSn channels attract a lot of interest as the alternative channel materials, not only because of the high carrier mobility but also the superior compatibility with typical Si CMOS technology. In this paper, the recent progress of high mobility Ge and GeSn MOSFETs has been investigated, providing feasible approaches to improve the performance of Ge and GeSn devices for future CMOS technologies.
The past and future of multi-gate field-effect transistors: Process challenges and reliability issues
Authors: Sun Ying , Yu Xiao , Zhang Rui , Chen Bing , Cheng Ran
Published: February 2021

This work reviews the state-of-the art multi-gate field-effect transistor (MuGFET) process technologies and compares the device performance and reliability characteristics of the MuGFETs with the planar Si CMOS devices. Owing to the 3D wrapped gate structure, MuGFETs can suppress the SCEs and improve the ON-current performance due to the volume inversion of the channel region. As the Si CMOS technology pioneers to sub-10 nm nodes, the process challenges in terms of lithography capability, process integration controversies, performance variability etc. were also discussed in this work. Due to the severe self-heating effect in the MuGFETs, the ballistic transport and reliability characteristics were investigated. Future alternatives for the current Si MuGFET technology were discussed at the end of the paper. More work needs to be done to realize novel high mobility channel MuGFETs with better performance and reliability.
Photoic crystal nanobeam cavity devices for on-chip integrated silicon photonics
Authors: Yang Daquan , Liu Xiao , Li Xiaogang , Duan Bing , Wang Aiqiang , Xiao Yunfeng
Published: February 2021

Integrated circuit (IC) industry has fully considered the fact that the Moore’s Law is slowing down or ending. Alternative solutions are highly and urgently desired to break the physical size limits in the More-than-Moore era. Integrated silicon photonics technology exhibits distinguished potential to achieve faster operation speed, less power dissipation, and lower cost in IC industry, because their COMS compatibility, fast response, and high monolithic integration capability. Particularly, compared with other on-chip resonators (e.g. microrings, 2D photonic crystal cavities) silicon-on-insulator (SOI)-based photonic crystal nanobeam cavity (PCNC) has emerged as a promising platform for on-chip integration, due to their attractive properties of ultra-high Q/V, ultra-compact footprints and convenient integration with silicon bus-waveguides. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review on recent progress of on-chip PCNC devices for lasing, modulation, switching/filting and label-free sensing, etc.
Towards electronic-photonic-converged thermo-optic feedback tuning
Authors: Tan Min , Ye Kaixuan , Ming Da , Wang Yuhang , Wang Zhicheng , Jin Li , Feng Junbo
Published: February 2021

As Moore’s law approaching its end, electronics is hitting its power, bandwidth, and capacity limits. Photonics is able to overcome the performance limits of electronics but lacks practical photonic register and flexible control. Combining electronics and photonics provides the best of both worlds and is widely regarded as an important post-Moore’s direction. For stability and dynamic operations considerations, feedback tuning of photonic devices is required. For silicon photonics, the thermo-optic effect is the most frequently used tuning mechanism due to the advantages of high efficiency and low loss. However, it brings new design requirements, creating new design challenges. Emerging applications, such as optical phased array, optical switches, and optical neural networks, employ a large number of photonic devices, making PCB tuning solutions no longer suitable. Electronic-photonic-converged solutions with compact footprints will play an important role in system scalability. In this paper, we present a unified model for thermo-optic feedback tuning that can be specialized to different applications, review its recent advances, and discuss its future trends.
A review of silicon-based wafer bonding processes, an approach to realize the monolithic integration of Si-CMOS and III–V-on-Si wafers
Authors: Bao Shuyu , Wang Yue , Lina Khaw , Zhang Li , Wang Bing , Sasangka Wardhana Aji , Lee Kenneth Eng Kian , Chua Soo Jin , Michel Jurgen , Fitzgerald Eugene , Tan Chuan Seng , Lee Kwang Hong
Published: February 2021

The heterogeneous integration of III–V devices with Si-CMOS on a common Si platform has shown great promise in the new generations of electrical and optical systems for novel applications, such as HEMT or LED with integrated control circuitry. For heterogeneous integration, direct wafer bonding (DWB) techniques can overcome the materials and thermal mismatch issues by directly bonding dissimilar materials systems and device structures together. In addition, DWB can perform at wafer-level, which eases the requirements for integration alignment and increases the scalability for volume production. In this paper, a brief review of the different bonding technologies is discussed. After that, three main DWB techniques of single-, double- and multi-bonding are presented with the demonstrations of various heterogeneous integration applications. Meanwhile, the integration challenges, such as micro-defects, surface roughness and bonding yield are discussed in detail.
Enhancement of refresh time in quasi-nonvolatile memory by the density of states engineering
Authors: Tang Zhaowu , Liu Chunsen , Zeng Senfeng , Huang Xiaohe , Liu Liwei , Li Jiayi , Jiang Yugang , Zhang David Wei , Zhou Peng
Published: February 2021

The recently reported quasi-nonvolatile memory based on semi-floating gate architecture has attracted extensive attention thanks to its potential to bridge the large gap between volatile and nonvolatile memory. However, the further extension of the refresh time in quasi-nonvolatile memory is limited by the charge leakage through the p–n junction. Here, based on the density of states engineered van der Waals heterostructures, the leakage of electrons from the floating gate to the channel is greatly suppressed. As a result, the refresh time is effectively extended to more than 100 s, which is the longest among all previously reported quasi-nonvolatile memories. This work provides a new idea to enhance the refresh time of quasi-nonvolatile memory by the density of states engineering and demonstrates great application potential for high-speed and low-power memory technology.
Position Estimation Using Trilateration based on ToA/RSS and AoA Measurement
Authors: Mosleh Mahmoud F , Zaiter Mohammed J , Hashim Ali H
Published: February 2021

With the increasing demand for recent lifestyle new achievements have been developed in various fields of science and technology, target localization is considered one of the most important subjects especially in indoor conditions since most of the social activities done in the indoor environment. The presence of large buildings such as hospitals, malls, schools and other facilities of modern life increases the need for accurate target positioning. In this paper, a proposed system included simple equipment on three transmitters and some computer packages are used to apply our experiment. The case study chosen in this work is simulated using Wireless InSite (WI) software to model the campus with its all building. Three transmitters (TXs) are installed in selected position while twenty receivers (RXs) are deployed randomly as a target to estimate their position utilizing Time of Arrival (ToA) and Received Signal Strength (RSS) to estimate distance then trilateration is applied to determine target position with Angle of Arrival (AoA). The achieved result is addressed using specific equations to estimate the target positions.
A New Algorithm for Extracting Textual Maximal Frequent Itemsets from Arabic Documents
Authors: hamid Zeyad , Khafaji Hussein K
Published: February 2021

In this paper, a new technique has been suggested for extracting textual maximal frequent itemsets named Maximal Itemset Miner Algorithm (MIMA). This algorithm begins search process through generating the best initial border in search space depending on minimum support of items in the first level that achieves the general minimum support determined by the user. Our approach for counting itemsets support combines the idea of vertical representation of the data with a queue data structure to store the itemsets. To reduce search space, the algorithm adopted several pruning conditions for each itemsets in the initial border. Experiments performed on standard textual CNN Arabic dataset and proposed method registers less execution time comparing with the Apriori algorithm when applying it on three different size datasets.
Parametric analysis of vehicle suspension based on air spring and MR damper with semi-active control
Authors: Mohammed Mortda , Alktranee Mohammed H. R.
Published: February 2021

Three strategies are used in this paper to investigate suspension systems behaviour. Firstly, the steel coil passive spring (conventional spring) is replaced by air spring, which comprised of an airbag, a connection pipe with a control valve, and a reservoir tank system. The influence of air spring pressure, reservoir volume and connection pipe diameter on suspension system behaviour are investigated. Secondly, a logic control scenario for the oscillation mass of air between spring airbag and the reservoir is applied by using on/off valve controller to study the controlling valve influence on the whole vehicle dynamics responses. Thirdly, the MR damper is used to introduce a variable damping coefficient as a semi-active control (skyhook) strategy of the suspension system. To represent the suspension system with the earlier mentioned strategies, a mathematical model 2-DOF for a quarter car is adopted along with governing equations of the air spring and semi-active skyhook control under the Matlab/Simulink platform. The obtained result, i.e., suspension travel displacement, body acceleration, dynamic tire force, and damper dissipation energy, are calculated in terms of RMS to show up the dynamic behaviour of suspension system considering four configurations in various control styles. The models’ responses were examined versus two road excitations pattern, including harmonic excitation and random road excitation. The results show that using air spring is considerably increased suspension quality, furthered more the suspension system is significantly enhanced when semi-active strategies are applied on air spring and MR damper.
Influence of operational parameters on the recovery rate of polyester resin surface of locally designed drum oil skimmer
Authors: Sabbar Walaa , Mohammed Bassam , Almudhaffar Mujtaba
Published: February 2021

The development in the industry makes the process of transferring oil between countries a necessity. There has been massive pollution in the rivers environment resulting from the leakage of oil from oil ships, the transfer of factories and workshops wastes to rivers, which posed a great danger to human life and living creatures. Therefore, it is necessary to direct attention to save the aquatic environment from pollution as the process of collecting oil manually is insufficient and slow. In the present study, the drum skimmer is manufactured with a polyester resin surface. This material is characterized by its adhesive effectiveness to liquids and availability. Operational parameters such as viscosity, temperature, and drum rotation speed are investigated using designed and fabricated drum skimmer. The experimental results showed that the fluid viscosity has a high effect on the recovery rate. Also, the recovery rate increases as the drum rotation speed increase. Moreover, the best improvement in the recovery rate is obtained at the maximum temperature.
Microstructural Modifications Produced by Nano-Metal-Phosphate Additions to Aluminum-Silicon Alloy by new System Projects
Authors: Hussein H. A. , kahdim M. j. , Atiyah A. A.
Published: February 2021

Al-13Si alloy microstructure affected by separate additions of Nano-Metal-Phosphate, prepared by die-casting, to synchronize refine eutectic Si and modify eutectic Al is studied. The nucleation and growth mechanisms of the Si phase are discussed via morphology and kinetics analysis. The effects point out that the measurement of eutectic Si is refined to 0.37-2.46 μm and the morphology of the large platelet eutectic Si particles had been modified into the fine fibrous shape. The technique synchronizing consequences of Nano-Metal-Phosphate is related to the AlP and Al2O3 formation. These consist of the following, the impact of Al2O3 at the interfaced between the Al segment and Si particles for obstacle the growth and enhance the refinement of the eutectic Si. The impact of AlP acts to locate of heterogeneous nucleation for eutectic Si, consisting of three aspects: interaction of dopant elements with molten Al-Si alloy to shape the nucleation site with reducing the interface energy between liquid and Si phase and increase the activation of diffusion energy throughout the liquid-solid interface. The results improve the mechanical properties of modified Al-13Si alloy and thus attributed to reducing silicone partials dimension and fibrous structure of eutectic silicon, presence of substantial AlP and Al2O3 in-situ precipitation in the eutectic location and the volume fraction increase of uniform distribution.