bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilidad clínica Cistatina C en el diagnóstico temprano de la disfunción renal en pacientes con Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2
Authors: Matute-Uloa Gianny Harold , Bacusoy-Palma Juan Carlos , Lino-Villacreses William Antonio
Published: February 2024

La Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 es una preocupación global con creciente prevalencia, especialmente en naciones como China e India. Los pacientes diabéticos enfrentan el riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad renal diabética, una complicación costosa y asintomática durante largos periodos. Se llevó a cabo un estudio de tipo documental, descriptivo con el objetivo de destacar la utilidad clínica de la Cistatina C en el diagnóstico temprano de la disfunción renal en pacientes diabéticos. En los resultados, la variabilidad en los valores de referencia para la cistatina C demostró su sensibilidad en la detección temprana de nefropatía diabética. La evaluación de la función renal en pacientes diabéticos requiere considerar múltiples parámetros. La Cistatina C, aunque limitada en especificidad, mostró cambios tempranos y sensibilidad en la identificación de alteraciones en la función renal. Su combinación con otros biomarcadores mejoró la precisión diagnóstica. Se destacó la sensibilidad única de la Cistatina C en la detección temprana de la nefropatía diabética, identificando grupos de pacientes con alteraciones en la función renal antes que los marcadores tradicionales. En conclusión, la adopción de un enfoque integral que incorpore la Cistatina C en conjunto con otros marcadores destaca la imperante necesidad de implementar una estrategia diagnóstica más exhaustiva y específica en la gestión clínica de pacientes diabéticos.
Enfoque epidemiológico de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual; prevención y control en Latinoamérica y El Caribe
Authors: Guevara-Ibarbo Yulexy Marisol , Solórzano-Álvarez Nuglo Junior , Duran-Pincay Yelisa Estefanía
Published: February 2024

Este artículo se realizó con el objetivo de analizar el enfoque epidemiológico de las enfermedades de transmisión sexual; prevención y control en Latinoamérica y El Caribe. Para esto, la metodología utilizada consistió en un tipo de investigación sistemática de tipo descriptiva, siendo un método bibliográfico, con enfoque cualitativo, para los criterios de inclusión se consideró artículos científicos publicados en los últimos cincos años en revistas indexadas, tesis de tercer y cuarto nivel, publicadas en los últimos cinco años; escritura de los documentos de carácter científico-académico en idioma español e inglés, cuya visualización se encuentre en formato completo. En los resultados destacados, se ha demostrado que las enfermedades de transmisión sexual representan una de las cinco razones más frecuentes para buscar atención médica. La mayor prevalencia está en Asia meridional y sudoriental, África subsahariana y América Latina y El Caribe, en este orden de mayor a menor. Entre los factores de riesgo identificados, entre el rango de edad de 20 a 24 años, se evidencia que ahí personas participan en actividades sexuales sin la debida protección. Aunque los adolescentes y jóvenes cuentan con conocimientos sobre métodos anticonceptivos, en su mayoría mantienen una percepción negativa respecto a los riesgos asociados con la práctica de actividades sexuales sin la adecuada protección. Se concluye que América Latina posee una alta prevalencia de las referidas enfermedades, donde el principal factor de riesgo son las prácticas sexuales de alto riesgo, y la primordial medida preventiva consiste en las intervenciones socioeducativas.
ALÉM DA TECNOLOGIA: ÉTICA E RESPONSABILIDADE NA ERA DA INTELIGÊNCIA ARTIFICIAL
Authors: Baumgratz Helen Cristina Minardi , Dos Santos Rodrigo Otávio
Published: February 2024

Este estudo explora a relação entre inteligência artificial (IA) e ética humana, com foco na teoria da "sociedade de risco" de Ulrich Beck, destacando os desafios e riscos que a IA apresenta na sociedade industrial moderna. O trabalho enfatiza a necessidade de uma governança e regulamentação eficaz da IA, abordando as questões éticas relacionadas à sua implementação e a importância de alinhar a tecnologia aos princípios éticos humanos. Além disso, discute-se a possibilidade de diferentes ideologias compartilharem valores fundamentais similares, destacando a integração de valores humanos universais no desenvolvimento de sistemas de IA. A pesquisa ressalta a necessidade de responsabilidade e transparência nas decisões de sistemas automatizados e a importância da colaboração entre inteligência humana e artificial para decisões seguras e equilibradas. Este estudo bibliográfico e exploratório busca oferecer novas perspectivas para pesquisas futuras na intersecção entre IA e ética.
GASTROSQUISE: QUAIS SÃO OS INDICADORES DE RISCO ASSOCIADOS AO DEFEITO CONGÊNITO DA PAREDE ABDOMINAL EM NEONATOS?
Authors: Santos Emile de Jesus , Raulino Júlia Maria de Holanda , Silva Alex Maxwelder Borges Sant'Anna , Caetano Luys Antônyo Vasconcelos , Santana Angela Gabriela da Silva , Da Silva Elisabeth do Espirito Santo , Simeão Mariana de Morais Lima , Hofmann Eduarda Caroline , Zanini Waniellem , De Jesus Samuel Angelino Santos , Lima João Paulo Cunha , De Souza Vitória Batista Gonçalves , Zatti Cassio Adriano
Published: February 2024

A gastrosquise consiste na descontinuidade da parede abdominal na região paraumbilical, sendo caracterizada pela  exteriorização de alças intestinais ou outros órgãos. Objetivo: Descrever os indicadores de risco associados ao desenvolvimento do defeito congênito da parede abdominal como a gastrosquise em neonatos. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura nas bases de dados da Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS),  Base de dados de Enfermagem (BDENF) e Índice Bibliográfico Español en Ciencias de la Salud (IBECS). Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) em cruzamento com o operador booleano AND, da seguinte forma: Gastrosquise AND Fatores de risco AND Recém-nascidos, após a aplicação dos critérios de elegibilidade foram selecionados sete estudos para compor essa revisão. Resultados e Discussões: Observou-se que  fatores como consumo abusivo de álcool, tabagismo, uso de drogas ilícitas. Além disso, quadro de anemia na gestação, uso de contraceptivos hormonais, diabetes mellitus gestacional, e infecções virais, como o vírus Epstein-Barr e o herpes simples foram associados a um risco aumentado para gastrosquise. Considerações finais: Portanto, devido a multifatoriedade relacionada ao desenvolvimento dessa complicação neonatal, é necessário mais estudos para identificar os fatores determinantes para a sua ocorrência, objetivando a implementação de medidas profiláticas.
ASPECTOS QUE PERMEIAM A INJÚRIA RENAL AGUDA EM UNIDADES DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA
Authors: Da Silva Priscilla Benício Barbosa , Santana Lidiani Figueiredo
Published: February 2024

A Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) oferece cuidados complexos a pacientes graves, requerendo monitoramento constante e suporte especializado. Os rins desempenham papel vital na purificação do sangue e na regulação de diversos processos. A Injúria Renal Aguda (IRA), com impacto sistêmico, aumenta a morbimortalidade, destacando a importância do manejo eficaz para melhorar resultados clínicos em pacientes críticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo descrever os aspectos que permeiam a IRA em UTIs. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura dos últimos 5 anos, após triagem, 18 trabalhos foram selecionados para essa pesquisa. De acordo com a revisão, encontrou-se que os pacientes mais acometidos são do sexo masculino com idade acima de 50 anos. A hipertensão arterial sistêmica e a diabetes mellitus são as comorbidades mais prevalentes nos pacientes que desenvolveram a IRA. Fatores como a ventilação mecânica invasiva associada à elevada pressão expiratória final positiva e a oxigenação por membrana extracorpórea podem contribuir na evolução da IRA.  Na UTI a evolução da IRA ocorre de forma acelerada, sendo diagnosticada em um estágio mais avançado. E fatores agravantes como a inadequação nutricional e o desenvolvimento de lesão por pressão nesses pacientes, aumentam o tempo de internamento e o risco de morbimortalidade. Concluindo, fatores intrínsecos ao paciente e à terapia na UTI aumentam o risco de IRA. Compreender o perfil dos pacientes facilita um atendimento multiprofissional eficaz, agiliza o diagnóstico e permite a otimização terapêutica para reduzir os impactos na morbimortalidade associados à IRA na UTI.
Newcastle Disease Outbreak in Backyard Poultry: Herbal Remediation Using Phyllanthus Polygonoides and Carica Papaya Leaves
Authors: K Jayalakshmi , M Veeraselvam , M Venkatesan , K Karthika
Published: February 2024

Newcastle disease (ND) is a devastating disease of backyard poultry and causes great economic losses to rural poor. The study was undertaken to assess the effectiveness of herbal extracts of Phyllanthus polygonoides and Carica papaya leaves for control of Newcastle outbreak in backyard poultry.  A total of 60 representative desi fowl (chicken 50, turkey 7 and duck 3) from 40 flocks were presented to VCC hospital, VC&RI, Orathanadu for treatment. The samples like oropharyngeal fluid/ clocal swab was collected from 40 birds (flocks) and performed haemagglutination test. Out of 40 birds screened, 18 birds (Chicken-13, turkey- 4 and Duck- 1) were positive for haemagglutination test and showed the presence of Newcastle disease virus and confirmed by PCR. The infected birds were treated with aqueous extract of Carica papaya and Phyllanthus polygonoides leaves @ 0.5ml/ kg b.wt orally for 3 days. Most of the birds recovered in single dose, the moderately infected birds recovered after 3 days of treatment. The herbal extract was also used prophylactically other than the infected birds in their respective flocks to prevent the infection. None of the adult birds in their flocks become infected and protected from infection. The plant juice of Phyllanthus polygonoides and Carica papaya leaves were highly effective for control of ND in backyard poultry, it could be used prophylactically every 30 days to prevent Newcastle disease outbreak in backyard poultry to minimize economic losses to the farmers.
Clinical, Radiographic and Rhinoscopic Features of Primary Intra-Nasal Transmissible Venereal Tumour in Four Dogs and its Treatment
Authors: John Annie Mariam , G Vijayakumar , S Kavitha , Shafiuzama Mohamed
Published: February 2024

Transmissible venereal tumours are contagious tumours that typically affects intact male and female canines. Four dogs were presented to Small Animal Out-Patient unit of Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, Chennai with history of chronic unilateral epistaxis and sneezing. Leukocytosis with neutrophilia was a consistent finding in all dogs whereas the serum biochemical values where unremarkable. Lateral and dorsoventral radiograph of skull revealed space occupying lesion suggesting soft tissue mass in the nasal cavity. Rhinoscopy confirmed the presence of tumour mass occluding nasal passage. Nasal cytology revealed the presence of characteristic transmissible venereal tumour cells. Chemotherapy was initiated with Vincristine sulphate at the dose rate of 0.7 mg/m2. All the four dogs showed complete clinical recovery after four weekly doses of vincristine chemotherapy. Radiography repeated after four weeks confirmed the absence of space occupying mass in nasal cavity. The present study describes the clinical and diagnostic imaging changes in dogs with intra-nasal transmissible venereal tumour and its therapeutic management.
Medical Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury with Aspiration pneumonia in a Kid
Authors: P K Ramkumar , M Saravanan , K Vijayakaran , S L Sundaram
Published: February 2024

A two-month-old, non-descript female goat kid was brought to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Orathanadu, with a history of continuous high-pitched bleating, respiratory distress, and forelimb paresis over the past two days. The animal has appeared lethargic with an abnormal gait. Neurological examination revealed sluggish sensory and motor reflexes in the forelimbs and palpation elicited pain in the thoracic and dorsal spinal areas (C7-T2). Auscultation revealed exaggerated heart sounds and prolonged expiration. Radiographic examination ruled out spinal involvement but revealed left lung consolidation with pulmonary infiltration. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis showed an increase in neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The condition was tentatively diagnosed as acute spinal cord injury with aspiration pneumonia. Inj. Progesterone and intranasal Budesonide were administered along with a Progesterone patch applied to the lateral neck region. Successful medical management led to gradual clinical improvement observed from the seventh day and completely recovered after 15 days of treatment.
Caseous Lymphangitis in a Goat Farm
Authors: M Ranjithkumar , M Saravanan , P Ponnusamy , P Selvaraj
Published: February 2024

Caseous lymphadenitis (CL) is a sporadic bacterial disease of chronic suppurative lymphadenitis in goats. The prevalence of CL is considered high in many countries, but detailed research on prevalence rates, farm practices, and abattoir findings is limited in India. This paper reports the presence of this disease on an endemic form in a goat farm. A two-year-old mixed breed doe was presented with the history of swelling in mandibular region and inappetence for the past one week. Greenish pus was aspirated from it and Giemsa stain confirms the presence of coccobacillus bacteria. Culture and isolation identified it as Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis on 10% sheep blood agar. The abscess drained off, flushed with 5 % iodine solution and treated with injection lincomycin @ 10 mg/kg until recovery.  The same history was repeated by the owner after a month and visit to the farm exposed three more animals were also affected. All of them confirmed CL based on bacterial culture and isolation. Based on this it was confirmed that the disease was endemic in that farm. Rearing goats as semi-intensive flocks, sharing of grazing fields together with other animals, commingling of animals after grazing particularly in the night time, rupture of abscess in the shelter itself, improper knowledge about disease and poor husbandry practices favours the endemicity of this disease in goats. This paper reports the endemicity of the caseous lymphadentitis in a goat flock.
Retrospectiva da proteção ao direito da saúde pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Agra Walber de Moura
Published: February 2024

Resumo O direito à saúde deve ser considerado como uma prerrogativa essencial da cidadania, devendo ser concretizado em sua densidade suficiente pelos mecanismos de concretização constitucional. Todavia, com exceção desse núcleo substancial, os standards para a sua realização precisam ser delineados por mecanismos legais.
Regenerative Agriculture
Authors:   Solidaridad Network Asia, Teoh Cheng Hai
Published: February 2024

There is an emerging trend towards adoption of regenerative agriculture which is perceived to be more sustainable than conventional agricultural production. This paper introduces the concept, definition and principles of regenerative agriculture and its relevance to the oil palm industry. While there is apparent overlapping of best management practices (BMPs) for sustainable agriculture and regenerative agriculture, the regenerative agriculture philosophy has a stronger focus and emphasis on soil health, the soil-water nexus, biodiversity and integration with livestock. Sustainable agriculture and regenerative agriculture should be regarded as complementary systems and they should not be mutually exclusive. Building on the progress made in sustainable production of palm oil through the various certification systems, growers and supply chain actors should consider opportunities for improvements by adopting regenerative agriculture practices. Keywords: Regenerative agriculture, sustainable agriculture, BMPs, soil health, regenagri.
Sources of Error in Blood Pressure Measurement Using Digital and Aneroid Tensimeters
Authors: Zuhdi Muhammad , Busyairi Ahmad
Published: February 2024

A tensimeter is an instrument works with concept of physics used to measure blood pressure. The measured blood pressure is the relative pressure between the pressure inside the blood vessels compared to the pressure of the atmosphere. Blood pressure measurements using a digital tensimeter are much more acurate than measurements using a aneroid tensimeter. Measurements with an aneroid sphygmomanometer at a hospital in the city of Mataram showed a measurement error up to 20 mmHg compared to a digital sphygmomanometer. Source of error consist of two main factors ie. Instrument error and human error. From this research it was found that measurements using a digital sphygmo-manometer are more accurate, so the use of this type of sphygmomanometer is highly recommended for clinical measurements in hospitals and health hospitals.
Analysis of Scientific Literacy Research in Indonesia as A Basis for Developing Ecotourism-Based Teaching Materials: Literature Review
Authors: Hamidi Hamidi , Purwoko Agus Abhi , Harjono Ahmad , Al Idrus Agil , Rokhmat Joni , Sukarso AA.
Published: February 2024

Science and technology have an important role in facing educational challenges in the 21st century, so that science education, which is part of education, has an important role in preparing students to have scientific literacy. The aim of this research is to determine research trends regarding scientific literacy as a basis for developing ecotourism-based teaching lessons for junior high school students on Lombok Island. The study in writing this article used literature studies or literature reviews from several previous studies published in Scopus indexed journals or proceedings from 2017-2022. The 157 articles obtained were selected into 30 articles. Literature analysis and synthesis was carried out using bibliometric analysis with the VosViewer application. The research results show that a lot of research on scientific literacy has been carried out in Indonesia, and one of the research related to scientific literacy is the development of teaching materials because the development of teaching materials has quite a big influence in increasing students' scientific literacy. However, there is still no research on the development of ecotourism-based teaching materials in increasing students' scientific literacy in Indonesia, so research on this topic is important to do
Federal Issues in Pakistan: Challenges and Prospects (2013-2023)
Authors: Aziz Afshan , Naseer Sobia
Published: February 2024

Pakistan is a federal republic with a complex system of government. The federal government shares power with the provincial governments, but the distribution of power between the two levels of government has been a contentious issue since the country's independence. This paper examines the major federal issues in Pakistan from 2013 to 2023, including the impact of political instability and polarization, economic challenges and opportunities, and the rise of extremism and intolerance of diversity and dissent. This article aims to explore and analyze these issues from a multidisciplinary perspective, using the secondary sources of data. The article argues that Pakistan’s federal system has been under strain due to various internal and external factors, such as corruption, nepotism, civil-military relations, ethnic conflicts, terrorism, regional rivalries, and global pressures. The article suggests some possible solutions and recommendations for improving the federal governance and performance of Pakistan, such as constitutional reforms, fiscal decentralization, institutional strengthening, social inclusion, and dialogue. The article concludes that Pakistan’s federal system has the potential to overcome its challenges and achieve its prospects, if there is a genuine commitment and cooperation among all stakeholders.
Influence Of Operational Management On The Performance Of Battery Distribution Companies At PT. Abadi Sakti Mitra Mandiri
Authors: Wibowo Ahmad Fadhilah , Patmarina Hepiana
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study was to find the effect of operational management on company performance. Operations management is the strategic management of resources to maximize the efficiency and effectiveness of the transformation process, resulting in outputs that produce greater benefits than inputs. Company performance is a level to get results in achieving company goals. The results of this work are concrete, observable, and measurable. The results of this work are concrete, observable, and measurable. This study uses quantitative methods with data processing and analysis to draw conclusions in the form of numeric data (numbers) which will obtain results from the relationship between variables. Multiple linear regression tests, reliability and validity tests, hypothesis testing (partial T test) and (simultaneous F test), and the coefficient of determination. In the research conducted, the sample used was 35 people in the company. The results of this study are linear regression analysis states that the Operational Management Variable has a positive and significant effect on Company Performance at PT Abadi Sakti Mitra Mandiri, with a regression coefficient of 0.968. That way the questionnaire as an instrument is declared feasible.
Avaliação Automática de Conteúdo de Aplicações de Reclamação Online
Authors: Félix Lucas G. S. , Silveira João Victor , Luiz Washington , Dias Diego , Rocha Leonardo
Published: February 2024

A Internet tem vivenciado uma notória expansão e popularização nos últimos anos. Estima-se que até o ano de 2020 haja cerca de 40 trilhões de gigabytes de dados gerados. Existem diversos cenários onde novas técnicas e metodologias vêm sendo propostas para que informações relevantes possam ser extraídas desse grande volume de dados. Um exemplo recente são as aplicações reclamações online, tais como ReclameAqui, que funcionam como porta voz de consumidores insatisfeitos que relatam suas experiências ruins com determinados produtos e/ou serviços. Esses dados podem representar uma rica fonte de informação que pode ser utilizada por empresas em seu aperfeiçoamento. Nesse trabalho propomos uma metodologia que, por meio da combinação de técnicas de modelagem de tópicos e análise de sentimento, é capaz de extrair desses dados informações úteis, ricas em detalhes, que possam contribuir para empresas identificarem de forma mais consistente e rápida problemas nos produtos e serviços. Avaliamos nossa metodologia com coleção de comentários coletados da aplicação ReclameAqui, outra do Twitter e outra do PROCON, todas elas relacionadas às quatro maiores empresas de telefonia do Brasil (TIM, OI, VIVO e CLARO). Em nossas avaliações demonstramos que a riqueza de detalhes que podem ser extraídas do ReclameAqui e do Twitter são bem maiores quando comparadas a aquelas registradas no PROCON. Além disso, demonstrando que, por ser uma aplicação extremamente informal, extrair informações do Twitter exige mais recurso computacional e humano, o que torna os comentários de aplicações de reclamação online a melhor alternativa para se extrair informações úteis.
Análise do impacto das copas do mundo no mercado de transações de jogadores de futebol e da globalização do futebol utilizando técnicas de redes complexas
Authors: Felix L. G. S. , Barbosa C. M. , Vieira V. da F. , Xavier C. R.
Published: February 2024

Neste trabalho é proposta uma análise da relação da copa do mundo com o mercado de transferências de jogadores de futebol e é feita uma avaliação quantitativa de teorias que associam a globalização a este mercado de transferências de jogadores. Nesta análise são geradas redes para períodos que antecedem cada copa do mundo desde 1966, sendo feita a avaliação dos efeitos do evento através da relação da rede de transferências e dos melhores colocados de cada edição. Também são avaliadas teorias sociológicas que associam a globalização com a rede de transferências no futebol, conseguindo mostrar através de dados quantitativos as hipóteses levantadas, além de conseguirmos renovar essas propostas mostrando a ascensão de novos mercados, como os da Ásia. Para realização das análises, foram utilizadas técnicas de redes complexas e mineração de dados em conjunto, esta avaliação mostrou que países que fazem muitas transações não necessariamente tem um bom desempenho em copas do mundo, entretanto parte dos países envolvidos com grande quantidade de transferências conseguem ter um bom desempenho, estando ao final do evento em boas colocações.
Caracterização da Mortalidade Infantil dos Estados de Santa Catarina e Amapá Utilizando Mineração de Dados
Authors: Soares Wanderson L. G. , Lima Patrícia , Zárate Luis E. , Song Mark A. Junho , Nobre Cristiane N.
Published: February 2024

The objective of this article is to use the concepts of knowledge discovery in databases, specifically the concepts of machine learning in the data mining phase, to characterize infant mortality in the state of Santa Catarina (with lower infant mortality rate) and in the state of Amapá (with the highest infant mortality rate). In this way, the classifiers J48, JRip and Random Forest were used and a brief comparison was made between the results obtained by the classifiers in both states. In addition, the database was preprocessed, which includes attribute selection and balancing, the application of data mining techniques and the analysis of the results of the respective models.
Alexander von Humboldts Klimatologie in der Zirkulation von Wissen
Authors: Schicht Katja
Published: February 2024

In this dissertation, all surviving letters, letter fragments and supplementary documents that Alexander von Humboldt exchanged with the Berliners Heinrich Wilhelm Dove, Carl Ferdinand Schneider and Jakob Philipp Wolfers on the subjects of meteorology and climatology in the period from 1830 to 1859 are edited in a historical-critical manner. Their replies are also edited, insofar as they have survived. This edition of the letters is intended to close another gap in the series of Humboldt editions that is significant in the history of science. These documents are revealing for several reasons. Firstly, because they document the beginnings of modern climatology. But they are also informative because Humboldt's interdisciplinary research and his work with various institutions can be seen in exemplary fashion. Finally, the material processed here is part of the decisive preparatory work for the "Cosmos" and the "Smaller Writings", insofar as it deals with the thematic area of weather and climate. A detailed overview commentary places all text carriers in broad historical contexts.
Konfliktforschung in der Ethnologie — Eine Einführung
Authors: Roche Sophie
Published: February 2024

Gewalttätige Konflikte, wie etwa Bürgerkriege oder Revolutionen, sind Momente, in denen soziale Spannungen innerhalb einer Gesellschaft sichtbar werden. Die Ethnologie beschäftigt sich seit ihren Ursprüngen damit, wie Konflikte in unterschiedlichen Gemeinschaften entstehen und welche Auswirkungen sie haben. Wenn in Asylverfahren über Schutzbedürftigkeit und Bleiberecht von Geflüchteten entschieden wird, sind Ethnolog:innen daher beratend tätig. Sie unterstützen die Verfahrensbeteiligten dabei, die Macht- und Kräfteverhältnisse in den Herkunftsländern zu verstehen und einzuordnen. Denn nur so lässt sich beurteilen, warum Menschen aus ihrer Heimat flüchten. Sophie Roche gibt Studierenden der Ethnologie, Konfliktsoziolog:innen und Politikwissenschaftler:innen, aber auch Richter:innen und wissenschaftlichen Richterassistent:innen mit ihrem Buch das passende Rüstzeug an die Hand, indem sie die Grundlagen der sozialanthropologischen Konfliktforschung vorstellt, Begrifflichkeiten schärft (was ist eine Rebellion, eine Fehde o.ä.?) und diese in Beispiele aus aktuellen Asylverfahren einbettet.
Improving the Measurement of Women’s Work: The Contribution of Demographic Surveys in Francophone West Africa
Authors: E. Calvès Anne , Adjamagbo Agnès
Published: February 2024

Since the 1970s, the measurement and recognition of women’s work and their contributions to family well-being and economic development have been a matter of academic interest, as well as feminist advocacy. The interrelationships between women’s work and demographic processes, especially decisions regarding fertility, have also attracted the attention of demographers for some time. However, despite long-standing efforts to capture all aspects of women’s work, large-scale demographic and economic surveys conducted in the Global South still fail to approach work as a gendered concept and continue to make much of women’s labor invisible. The measurement of unpaid care and household responsibilities is particularly scarce. In such a context, the purpose of this chapter is twofold. First, it retraces the long history of the global efforts of feminist scholars and activists to enhance the measurement of women’s work. Second, it illustrates how recent data collection initiatives in francophone West Africa, building on the experience of collaborative research conducted by demographers in the region since the 1970s, have attempted to fill some of the persisting gaps in data on women’s activity, especially on household domestic and care, voluntary collective/community work, as well as on women’s contribution to household expenses and family support.
Emerging mesenchymal tumors
Authors: Robin Yves-Marie
Published: February 2024

Two new soft tissue entities are described. First, GL1-altered epitheloid mesenchymal tumors comprise two reported molecular subtypes: one with GLI1 fusion and the other with GLI1 amplification, both of which show increased expression of GLI1 RNAm. While most tumors described are malignant, a small subset provisionally termed distinctive nested glomoid neoplasm pursue an indolent course even with regional lymph nodes metastatic spread. There is no known association between prognostication and molecular subtype. Second, the so-called pseudoendocrine sarcoma is considered to be a sarcoma of intermediary grade with a morphology reminiscent of neuroendocrine tumors and characterized by recurrent mutations of the B-catenin gene. This lesion occurs more and less in elderly patients and is most often found in paravertebral area, which makes complete resection surgically relatively challenging.
Long Short-Term Memory Network Versus Support Vector Machine for Flood Prediction
Authors: Varssini Segar Hema , Natasha Sofia Zulkafli Puteri , Ismail Shuhaida
Published: February 2024

Malaysia is prone to flood disasters, which are considered the most hazardous natural disasters. This study compares the use of Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) networks and Support Vector Machines (SVM) in predicting future flash floods. Additionally, this study examines the effect of using the Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) in order to address imbalanced data. In this study, flooding for the year 2021 will be predicted based on the best-performing model. Experimental results indicated that the treatment had a positive impact on the study’s outcome. An analysis of the outcomes of the models before and after treatment was conducted in order to determine which model delivers a higher degree of accuracy. SVM with RBF kernel is the most effective model before and after SMOTE treatment, out of all those evaluated in the study. Next, SVM model using RBF kernel after treatment was used to forecast flooding for 2021. Seven out of 12 floods were predicted by the model, which equates to 58.33% accuracy. Since the deep learning model did not perform well, future researchers could experiment with different numbers of hidden layers and hyperparameter settings to increase the accuracy.
Loneliness in the Context of Self-Harm Behaviors in Adolescence
Authors: Rajhvajn Bulat Linda
Published: February 2024

Loneliness could both precede and follow poor mental health of adolescents. Since the last decade, the mental health problems in adolescence have become widespread and heavier; it is important to address what role loneliness has in predicting and maintaining mental health problems. This chapter summarizes research data that connect loneliness with specific internalizing problems in adolescence–non-suicidal self-injury, suicidal thoughts, and attempts and deliberate self-harm, with or without suicidal intention. Findings of different studies are discussed in the context of the interpersonal theory of suicide, the integrated motivational-volitional model of suicidal behavior, Nock’s integrated theoretical model of NSSI, as well as the evolutionary theory of loneliness. Since the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting public health measures had major impacts on mental health, including on self-harm, and as loneliness increased due to social distancing and isolation, practical implications for the future crisis are proposed in order to save adolescents’ mental health.
Mechanical behavior of high-strength steel fiber-reinforced concrete
Authors: Mena-Alonso Álvaro , C. González Dorys , Mínguez Jesús , A. Vicente Miguel
Published: February 2024

Steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) is a composite material, consisting of conventional concrete with the addition of short, randomly distributed steel fibers. Fibers modify the mechanical behavior of concrete, improving some of its properties: they increase its ductility, enhance its residual tensile strength, and under certain conditions, increase its ultimate flexural strength. All these advantages make this material competitive with conventional reinforced concrete. However, the psychological barriers of the construction sector and the technical challenges that remain to be solved are slowing down the consolidation of this building material. One of these challenges is the improvement of the understanding of fatigue, which not only affects SFRC, but concrete in general. In this regard, work to date suggests that fibers, given certain circumstances, increase the fatigue life of concrete. This would result in SFRC being very effective in structures where fatigue is a critical action, such as wind turbine concrete towers.
A novel approach to ergonomic risk analyses
Authors: Tarakçi Emin , Can Emine
Published: February 2024

The ergonomics and comfort of employee’s health and working conditions are reflected in the efficiency of the work. For this reason, the analysis and evaluation of ergonomic risks in the working environment is of great importance. A novel REBA-FMEA models-based Pythagorean Fuzzy-VIKOR integrated model approach is introduced to assess ergonomic risks. The proposed methodology incorporates PF-VIKOR methodologies based on integrated REBA-FMEA. The following 10 phases comprise the suggested method. A production line case study was conducted. An assessment is conducted on six distinct hazardous occupational positions. The REBA method is used to compute the risk ratings associated with these hazards. The most optimal outcome in the assessment of multi decision-makers with uncertainty in the risk analysis of ergonomic working positions with the novel technique was obtained by computing Pythagorean fuzzy. The novel model overcomes the limitations of traditional methods with the integration of reliability engineering approaches and Pythagorean fuzzy logic. Assessments of ergonomic risks often involve subjective judgments, especially when considering human factors. Different individuals may perceive risks differently, and this subjectivity can introduce variability into the assessment process. The novel method proposed in this study fills the gap in the literature on the subjectivity of decision makers in evaluations.
Monetary Policies in Recent Times
Authors: Lavanya C.N.M.
Published: February 2024

The quintessence of monetary policy is containing inflation, while maintaining growth. It is the inflation-growth trade-off. Central Banks such as Federal Reserve in the United States (US), European Central Bank (ECB) to those in Canada, China, Japan, India, Nigeria, Turkey, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka among others have recently altered the interest rates to suit their existing economic conditions. This has an impact on currency as well as domino effect on industries and other businesses. Their capex cycle gets affected. There is an impact on Equated Monthly Instalments (EMIs) on consumer loans. The Net Interest Margins (NIMs) of banks are also affected. Ceteris paribus, there is an impact on GDP growth and international trade as well. With climate financing and carbon neutrality gaining currency, the inextricable and inevitable link between weather and agricultural output came to the fore. This got accentuated by global warming in general and El Nino in particular.
Biofouling of the Mangrove Oyster (Crassostrea tulipa, Lamarck, 1819) Cultivation: The West African Perspective
Authors: Kofi Osei Isaac , Adzesiwor Obodai Edward , Worlanyo Aheto Denis
Published: February 2024

Oyster, Crassostrea tulipa cultivation in the West African subregion is largely carried out in estuarine and mangrove ecosystems on a small scale. These coastal water bodies generally present favorable biotic and abiotic conditions that impact positively oyster propagation. Some environmental factors including coastal flooding, eutrophication, and biofouling could hamper the culture of oysters in the wild. Biofouling is the attachment of organisms to the object of interest. It is also described as unwanted living things that occupy the same ecological niche as the desired species, causing harm by contesting for available food and living space, which is crucial in the culture of oysters where the biofoulers have deleterious effect on the growth and survival of oysters. The injurious impact of biofouling could result in en masse mortalities or reduced growth rate. Interventions to mitigate the effect will result in increased cost of operation, thereby making the business less profitable. However, existing studies in West Africa Indicate that fouling organisms may have no harmful impact on C. tulipa cultivation. Good water quality, a well-managed culture system, and adoption of best practices in post-harvest handling will enhance the production of oysters to provide food and nutrition security, livelihoods, and employments.
Efficacy and Safety of a DOAC Compared to Unfractionated Heparin and A Low Molecular Weight Heparin in the Prevention of Thromboembolism in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients
Authors: Azimi Saeed , Hajifathali Abbas , Parkhideh Sayeh , Salamzadeh Jamshid , Rahmati-Kamel Bardia , Dastan Farzaneh , Mehdizadeh Mahshid , Abiyarghamsari Mahdiye , Tavakoli-Ardakani Maria
Published: February 2024

Background: Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) patients are at risk of thromboembolic events, making thromboprophylaxis crucial. Objectives: This study aimed to compare apixaban, a direct factor Xa inhibitor (DOAC), with dalteparin and unfractionated heparin for thromboprophylaxis in HSCT recipients. The safety outcome included the assessment of hemorrhagic events. Methods: In this open-label randomized clinical trial, 182 HSCT recipients were divided into three groups: Apixaban (n = 61, 2.5 mg two times a day), dalteparin (n = 59, 5000 IU daily), and unfractionated heparin (n = 62, 5000 IU twice daily). These anticoagulant regimens were administered after central vein catheterization and during hospitalization. The primary clinical outcome was the risk of thrombosis, and the secondary outcome was the rate of bleeding. Relevant laboratory results were analyzed using appropriate statistical tests. Results: Among the 61 patients in the apixaban group, six experienced thrombosis (9.83%), with four (6.65%) of them on anticoagulants. In the dalteparin group, three patients (5%) developed thrombosis, two of whom (3.38%) were on anticoagulants. In the heparin group, all four thrombosis cases (6.4%) occurred in patients on anticoagulants (P = 0.543 overall and P = 0.776 in anticoagulant users). Only two cases of bleeding were reported (1.09% overall), one in the dalteparin group (1.69%) and the other in the apixaban group (1.63%). Conclusions: Apixaban, dalteparin, and heparin demonstrated similar effectiveness in preventing thromboembolism in HSCT recipients. Furthermore, the comparison of bleeding rates across the study groups did not reveal significant differences. Larger studies with higher event rates may yield more precise conclusions.
Severity of COVID-19 Infectious and Immune-Based Profile
Authors: Shahi Heshmat , Kiaee Fatemeh , Marjani Majid , Mortaz Esmaeil
Published: February 2024

Background: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes immune system dysregulation and a systemic cytokine storm. Under healthy conditions, T helper cells protect against intracellular pathogens, extracellular parasites, and extracellular bacteria. Objectives: For the novelty of our study, little is known regarding the balance of T cell subtypes and responses in two forms of COVID-19 in our country. We investigated whether there was a relationship between T cell subtype frequency and cytokines by COVID-19 severity. Methods: Forty-six PCR-confirmed severe (n = 30) and moderate (n = 16) COVID-19 patients and 13 sex- and age-matched healthy control (HC) subjects were enrolled. Immunophenotyping of T cell subsets and related serum cytokines was performed using flow cytometry and ELISA, respectively. Results: There was a significantly lower frequency of CD8+Tbet+ (P < 0.01) T cells in the severe group compared to HC. Also, there was a significantly lower frequency of CD4+GATA3+ (P < 0.001) and CD8+Tbet+ (P < 0.001) T cells in the severe group compared to the moderate group. Moreover, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed a considerable correlation between CTL (CD8+T-bet+) subtypes and the severity of the disease. Severe COVID-19 disease was associated with reduced interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin (IL)-2 concentration and increased IL-5 and IL-6 concentration. Conclusions: Reduced systemic levels of IL-2 can trigger decreased numbers of Th1 and Th2 cells, and in contrast to elevated IL-5 and IL-6, the numbers of Th2 cells did not increase in these cases.
CIVA Modelling Module for Zonal Discrimination Method Part 2-System Qualification Aspects
Authors:   University of Waterloo, Ginzel Edward ,   Simply AUT, Stewart David
Published: February 2024

Automatic Ultrasonic Testing (AUT) systems for pipeline girth weld inspections are usually subjected to a qualification process. This process consists of assessment of performance capabilities including detection, sizing, temperature range and repeatability. One of the most demanding qualification programmes is described in DNV ST-F101 Appendix E [1]. With the introduction of the AUT module in the 2023 edition of CIVA simulation software, the incorporation of metamodeling allows users to predict detection reliability via probability of detection (POD) and sizing accuracy of the zonal discrimination method (ZDM) using amplitude apportioning. Part 1 of this project demonstrated the ability of CIVA to simulate the calibration block and strip chart output. In Part 2 we illustrate the techniques that can be used to predict POD and sizing accuracy as might be done in a system qualification. Results compare well to field data.
CIVA as an Aid to Understanding Ultrasonic Anisotropy in Steel
Authors:   University of Waterloo, Ginzel Edward
Published: February 2024

Standard calibration blocks to assess beam paths and configure data displays using ultrasonic instruments use low carbon steel with isotropic acoustic properties. However, industry is trending towards the use of high tensile steels where the acoustic properties are anisotropic. When an ultrasonic system, calibrated on an isotropic steel reference block, is used on anisotropic steels, the beam can be bent, skewed and attenuated so that the reference setup is rendered useless. CIVA simulation software can be used to aid in understanding the effects on the data displays. As well, CIVA can help to demonstrate the degree of change that can occur when the acoustic velocities are established for the fast and slow shear modes in an anisotropic steel.
Exploring Health Science Students' Experiences of Learning Management Systems: Through the Lens of the Community of Inquiry Framework
Authors: Dwi Raharjo Untoro , Praptana Praptana , Hernawan Heri , Markus Suryo Nugroho , Ariningtyas Ristiana Eka , Prahesti Ratna
Published: February 2024

The digital revolution in education, particularly in higher education, has led to the widespread adoption of online learning platforms like Learning Management Systems (LMS). The Faculty of Health at Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani Yogyakarta has embraced this trend, employing Moodle for blended learning. However, there has been a lack of formal evaluation of students' experiences with the LMS. This research aims to fill this gap by comprehensively evaluating the user experience and learning experience of students within the Faculty of Health using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) framework. The study collected data from 201 respondents and analyzed their experiences across various CoI domains. Results indicated positive perceptions of teaching presence, social presence, and cognitive presence, with teaching presence scoring the highest. However, social presence remained the lowest aspect, highlighting the need for more personalized engagement on the LMS. While the study identified areas for improvement, it also underscored the LMS's potential in modern learning and its role in enhancing the flexibility of higher education. Further research was recommended to address the study's limitations and continue improving online learning experiences on the LMS.
Analisa Konsumsi Daya Lampu Halogen dan LED di Bandar Udara Halim Perdanakusuma
Authors: Muliyati Muliyati , Syafriwel Syafriwel , Siregar Muhammad Fadlan
Published: February 2024

This research aims to analyze the power consumption of halogen and LED lamps at Halim Perdanakusuma Airport. The airport field lighting system is a safety instrument in aviation at all operating airports. In the field lighting system there are 2 types of lights, namely Halogen and LED. The light replacement system requires personnel consideration to choose a type of lighting that is more efficient on the runway. This research aims to find out how efficient power consumption is. The data collection methods used in this research are literature study, observation method and interview method. Based on the results of research that has been carried out, it shows that runway lighting shows more efficient results when using LED type lights, this can be seen from the saving efficiency and also the constant light intensity.
Analisis pengelolaan bantuan langsung tunai di Desa Sendangan dan Desa Talikuran Kecamatan Tompaso
Authors: Tujuwale Samuel Daniel , Warongan Jessy D.L , Pangerapan Sonny
Published: February 2024

Direct Cash Assistance is a social assistance program provided by the government in the form of cash assistance or other assistance to people in need. The research objective in this study is to analyze the management of Direct Cash Assistance in Sendangan Village and Talikuran Village Based on Minister of Finance Regulation Number 201 of 2022. This research uses qualitative research with a descriptive approach. This research shows that the Government of Sendangan and Talikuran Village can be said to be in accordance with governance regulated in Minister of Finance Regulation Number 201 concerning Direct Cash Assistance, starting from the stages of allocation, distribution, administration, reporting, to accountability, is deemed to have followed the applicable provisions and can do everything well, but can still be improved further for transparency with society by empowering modern technology.