bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modernism in the Case of Sports Architecture in Yugoslavia
Authors: Zoranic Adnan
Published: December 2020

Former state Yugoslavia, after World War II, declared a wish to establish its own social and state system somewhere between capitalist West and the socialist East of Europe, representing a specific area, in the geopolitical, but also cultural sense. New socialist society declared ideals which coincided with the modernists’ promotion of the importance of architecture and architects as creators of the base for social welfare and happiness. More intensive relationships and openness of socialist Yugoslavia to the West than the countries of the so-called Eastern Bloc, architects “infected” by modernist ideas during education in the West Europe and unquestioning and phenomenological support of the system have generated an authentic modern expression. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology as a predominant methodology for this study, we can investigate relations between architecture and socio-economic and cultural conditions. Sports buildings constructed in Yugoslavia, in the beginning, were created in accordance with the state strategy for the development of sport and accordingly promotion of massive physical activities for a wider population. The most influential moments for the development of sports infrastructure correspond to the state strategy for self-promotion to the World as an open society, by using sports success and the organization of international sports manifestations. Yugoslavia successfully applies and gains the most important international sports competitions as the World and European championships in some of the most popular sports, Mediterranean games in Split, University sports games in Zagreb and Winter Olympic Games in Sarajevo. These international manifestations were used as a chance for remarkable urban and architectural developments and structural changes of the host cities. Through the research of different study cases and examples of architecture from socialist Yugoslavia and studies of relevant scientists from the field of architecture and sociology, as a predominant methodology for this study, relations between architecture and socio-economic and cultural conditions will be investigated. Some of the examples from this study have promoted the idea of combined functional uses related to sports, cultural and commercial activities, built under a clear influence of brutalism architectural principles. Others present innovative structural and functional solutions in accordance with the most recent technology of that time which results in some of the most beautiful temples of sports architecture in this part of Europe and wider.
Research Project and Concept Design of the Spatial Development of the Area Earmarked for Recreational Functions in Mysłowice-Kosztowy in Poland
Authors: Winnicka-Jasłowska Dorota
Published: December 2020

This chapter presents the premises and results of a research project conducted by the students of the Faculty of Architecture at the Silesian University of Technology (Politechnika Śląska) in Gliwice, Poland, and a design competition based on pre-design investigations. The above-mentioned research project, investigations and design competition serve as an example of the collaboration of the university with public institutions within the framework of the educational system. The project entitled: ‘Time Spent Actively – in Mysłowice-Kosztowy. Research Project and Concept Design of the Spatial Development of the Area Earmarked for Recreational Functions in Mysłowice-Kosztowy” has been implemented since 2019 by the Faculty of Architecture, the Silesian University of Technology in Gliwice. The collaboration between the above-named Faculty and the University Partner resulted in this project. The design process involved not only the students and academic teachers of the Faculty of Architecture, but also the inhabitants of the Kosztowy district in the city of Mysłowice.1 The project consisted of two main stages. The first stage was of a research nature and involved the recognition of utilitarian and functional needs as well as expectations of the Mysłowice-Kosztowy district inhabitants. This phase involved also the performance of urban-development analyses. The students learned the rules of designing recreational areas in the city and formulated the guidelines for the design phase. The second stage was a competition of design nature. Sixteen concepts were elaborated by the project teams.
Children’s Gender and Use of Space at Home
Authors: Gecer Filiz Mina , Goren Yaren , Hasirci Deniz
Published: December 2020

Previous studies show that the formation of children’s gender roles are primarily affected by their family, the home environment, friends and their choice of toys. The most vital and primary factor with regards to gender is their domestic life within the home environment. This study discusses possible issues connected to gender-based play and toys, and relations with children’s space use at home. Research shows that gender-neutral children’s spaces may assist in providing children spaces that enhance freedom and creativity. Thus, this study was conducted with Turkish children between the age of 7-13 focusing on children’s play and lives at home. The study analysed the relationship between space use and gender identity of children and examined on how it affected children’s behaviour. In addition, the study concentrated on how parents affect their children’s choices while the children selected and define a specific space like a room or corner in their homes. The study progressed with three instruments, which are; schematic plan/diagram, photography, and one-to-one interviews with both children and parents. The whole process was recorded on video with the consent of the parents. According to the results, children were found to be more willing to play and spend their times in their living rooms. While girls were more interested to represent themselves in social spaces, boys were more reserved than girls. The children generally preferred to spend time close to family members. Therefore, if there is an intention of creating gender neutral spaces for children, parents should consider such issues such as, decreasing the gender-typed colours, and objects, providing flexibility regarding the transparency of the space increasing the interaction between parents and children, and giving children the option of being both inside of the space and also outside of the space. This study was completed with the aim of reducing gender differences of children’s spaces and creating guidelines for interior designers and parents in this regard. This is believed to have significant value in designing independent spaces with interior design principles for children who wish to identify a space that is truly their own in the home environment.
Potential impact on the environment and reduction measures in the case of the temporary perimeters for mineral aggregates exploitation. Case study “Temporary perimeter operating in Ribişului Valley”, Socol Locality, Caras-Severin County, Romania
Authors: Ioana-Alina Cretan
Published: December 2020

In order to achieve the objectives of the exploitation program for the resources of magmatic rocks in the perimeter of Valea Ribişului, Caraş-Severin County, works of opening, preparation and exploitation will be carried out during the validity period of the exploitation permit. The analysis of the geological-mining conditions of the metadolerite deposit leads to the conclusion that the metadolerite reserves can be exploited by mining works in the quarry. In the geological-mining conditions of the deposit for the execution of the quarry, the method of exploitation with descending steps is envisaged, which can be used in deposits of massive industrial and construction rocks. The landscape given by the vegetation will be permanently affected as a result of the exploitation of the aggregates and measures can be taken to reduce the impact. The purpose of the paper is to evaluate the impact on the environment using models and participatory methods, taking into account the situation when there are no concrete data related to the evaluation of the objective, or they are not sufficient or relevant.
Flood Modelling in the Barzava River Sector
Authors: Visescu Mircea , Badaluta–Minda Codruta , Adam Relu , Florescu Constantin , Eles Gabriel
Published: December 2020

In recent years, the climatic change had led to an increasing number of floods in many areas. It is required to develop tools for flood prediction and prevention. This paper presents the modelling of the flood wave propagation on Barzava River, Gataia - Bocsa sector. Banat catchment area is situated in the western part and south-western part of Romania, and this catchment is situated in the western part and south-western part of Romania, limited to the north of Mureş River, to the south of Danube River, to the west of the border between Romania and Serbia and to the east bordering Mureş hydrographical basin. This hydrographical area covers a surface of 18.320 km2 and includes several river hydrographical basins, including the Bârzava River basin. Preventing and combating floods, the forecast operations have a very important role: based on such prognosis, the anticipation time can be determined. The efficiency of measures depends on the preparation level and on modalities for the realization of proposed measures.
Impact of Steel Fibre Reinforcement on the Strength of Steel Anchors
Authors: Dudek Daniel , Konieczny Kazimierz
Published: December 2020

The paper presents methods of fastening using expansion fasteners and concrete screws anchored in conventional concrete and in fibre reinforced concrete. It addresses ways to determine the strength of such joints based on the EOTA (European Organisation for Technical Assessment) Guidelines and US Recommendations. Results from laboratory tests of strength of joints under tensile loads have been presented. It has been demonstrated that fastenings in fibre reinforce concrete achieve better strength parameters than those installed in conventional concrete bases.
The Potential of Urban Transformation of the City Radial Route in Bratislava, Slovakia
Authors: Basova Silvia , Sopirova Alzbeta , Gecova Katarina
Published: December 2020

The city, as a stratified urban structure, spread over time and in social coordinates, has its solid and spatial substance for the life of its inhabitants and visitors. The wider city center continues from the central city zone to the peripheral and often developing parts of the city. As a rule, ballast, uncoordinated and disarranged urban structures are usually increasing in this area. The urban explosion in the 20th century has caused oversized systems of housing estates, industrial zones, traffic lines and nodes in cities, forgetting quality, scale, functionality, and beauty. The transformation of these territories is first and foremost a question of a proper understanding of the compositional, social, ecological and economic issues and principles of the sites. Bratislava, due to the terrain morphology, developed further from the center along several main urban radial routes. The Bratislava Eastern Axis, formed by the Ružinov City Radial, binds to itself the entire transport structure of the Bratislava city part - Ružinov, its nodal spaces, major amenities (culture house, the marketplace, sports facilities, etc.), brownfield sites, parks and residential zones in a regular geometric grid. The urban and green changes in Ružinov have been studied, in relation to the main nodes and the main pedestrian lines, as well as the potential for optimal intensification and transformation of the territory, through strengthening the identity of the housing estates by the involvement of the memorable locations such as lakes, marketplace, hospital or linear park of Andrej Hlinka. Such changes are shown in the case studies of Bratislava - Ružinov on its axis in the locality of the market place Miletičova, Papánkovo Square and industrial zone Pošne. The emphasis on pedestrian and public spaces, the vitality, and identity of urban areas, the strengthening of blue and green infrastructure and the ecological principles of residential courtyards are possible only in the context of a lively society of the housing estates, dialogue and implementation of transformations with residents and local governments.
Development of a New Urban Country on the Danube Arms near Bratislava
Authors: Basova Silvia , Sopirova Alzbeta , Putrova Eva
Published: December 2020

The importance of the watercourse for the city as a whole and for the waterfront urban structure is given historically, geomorphologically, ecologically, and urbanly. The context of the city and the water can significantly determinate the city, in the individual stages of its development shape and model its embankment, and then offer its benefits, but also alarm in the form of possible threats connected to current climate change. Bratislava is honored to be a city on the Danube and a city with the potential of waterfronts, promenades, bridges, bays, ports, but also industrial, sports, recreational and cultural use of urban structures in contact of the city’s edge with the watercourse. Restoration of old arms of the Danube, the extension of the main river by the bypass arm southwards opens up amazing possibilities of return of the landscape - urban development of Bratislava and its background. Return scenario of the Danube arms, restoration of floodplain forests and the Danube meander landscape with sensitive urban development are ecologically modeled on the climate protection of the city against summer overheating and drying. The idea of the blue-green cover of Bratislava also offers the development of new housing sites, culture, sport, recreation and new forms of eco-management in the country. Case studies in localities of Bratislava - Rusovce, Jarovce, and Čunovo on the restored meanders of the river point to possibilities of construction of ecologically structured urbanization in the bays of the Danube arms with islands. Bratislava has the opportunity to develop its suburban development with parameters of the city’s climate protection. At the same time, there is an opportunity to propose a concept of peri-urban landscape with the recreational forests and by creating transition zones in contact with the protected landscape.
The Impact of Retail Chains on the Structure of Small Towns and Rural Areas in Poland
Authors: Twardzik Małgorzata , Kucharska Barbara
Published: December 2020

The retail trade and services are becoming the most dynamically developing sector of non-agricultural activity in Polish rural areas. State-owned and cooperative stores have been closed down and they were replaced mostly by private stores. There are more and more commercial outlets of various formats, including supermarket chains, discount stores and integrated chains. Despite the growing number of modern retail trade formats, traditional small-format, often referred to as the local market, is also really important. Retail chains in small towns and rural areas are mainly located in the zones of influence of larger cities. They affect many changes of spatial, social and economic character. Small towns and rural areas more and more frequently start to compete for further retail trade investments while noticing lots of benefits and costs of this process. The aim of the article is to show the scale of new retail investment in small towns and rural areas in Poland and to recognize the impact of locating discount chains and supermarkets in small towns and rural areas on the economic and social sphere of these places. In the territory of small towns transformations of the structure of trade can be observed, mainly as a result of changes in the consumer behaviour. In small towns, functional and spatial transformations related to the retail sector take mainly from the expansion of grocery supermarket chains. The future of small traditional stores in small towns and rural areas is uncertain. Despite the restrictions in terms of the diffusion of consumer behaviour trends from metropolises to their outer areas, transformations seem to be inevitable. This change process should, therefore, be studied systematically. Research devoted to this field is important from the point of view of choosing the location of new investments related to discount chains and of the strategy for the development of small towns and rural areas. Identification of consequences of the operation of discount chains in chosen rural areas and in small towns can impact the verification of the policy adopted by local authorities in relation to spatial planning and forming the functional structure.
Analysis and Policy Recommendations for Public Participation in Urban Regeneration Projects in China
Authors: Lu Xin
Published: December 2020

Urban regeneration projects mainly include demolitions and renovations to existing buildings, physical improvements of the deteriorating districts and the optimization of the industrial structure, which directly relate to public interests. Public participation mechanisms are widely used in urban regeneration projects to promote legitimacy and democracy of decision-makings. Public participation process of urban regeneration projects in china has been institutionalized and legal and political measures are taken by government these years. However, the implementation of public participation process in urban regeneration projects doesn’t achieve expected outcomes in China and there are some barriers for promoting the public participation process in urban regeneration in practice. This article aims to make up for the gap between theory and practice by synthesizing main problems and countermeasures for public participation by reviewing the relevant literatures and referring to the recent cases of urban regeneration projects in China. Firstly, this study analysed the development of public participation process in urban regeneration projects in China and presented the current public participation mechanisms. Secondly, major problems in participation process and the analysis of such problems are presented: (1) It’s still doubtable whether citizens are fully rational characters when making decisions on complex issues; (2) It’s still questionable whether adequate staff and other necessary resources (e.g. illustrating material) are supported by proper channels; (3) It’s still unknown whether there are a set of rules to answer the questions of participants selection, process facilitation, times and resources organization, etc; (4) It remains insufficient in terms of participation depth in the “participatory ladder” and rationality in the participatory mechanism. Finally, the study proposes suggestions accordingly for such issues to make the process of public participation more practicable.
The Problems of Managing Municipal Housing Resources in Poland and the Czech Republic
Authors: Hełdak Maria , Stacherzak Agnieszka , Král Martin
Published: December 2020

The paper discusses the problems of managing municipal housing resources in Poland and the Czech Republic in terms of the issues that accompany municipal resources management. The scope of the research includes the specification of the size of housing resources in both countries, a presentation of the general conditions of municipal housing management and conducting detailed analyses in selected cities (Wrocław - Poland, Hradec Králové - Czech Republic), concerning rent arrears and recapitalization of the housing issue. The study analyzes the deficiencies in adapting residential premises to current housing standards. It was determined that the average age of buildings with municipal and social apartments in Wroclaw in 2018 was 100 years, and the average degree of wear was 44.26%. A vast majority of residential buildings that belong to municipal housing resources were built before World War II. The situation is similar in Hradec Kralove. The apartments require renovation and reconstruction works. They are mostly occupied by the poorest group of residents, which generates additional problems with rent arrears. Although the rent rates in apartments owned by the city Wrocław are very low, below 3% of the replacement value for the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, a significant part of residents still have permanent rent arrears. The research revealed that a significant majority of buildings owned by the analyzed municipalities require renovation works due to their age, general state of repair and the necessity to adjust them to the currently binding technical and construction regulations.
Synergism of Physical and Chemical Processes in Intumescent Fire-Retardant Paints
Authors: Eremina T.Yu. , Korolchenko D.A. , Kuznetsova I.N.
Published: December 2020

The aim of the research presented is to investigate influence of main components of fireproof paints, their physical and chemical properties on fire retardant properties of the coating. The influence of chemical nature of binder on fire-protective properties of intumescent paints is studied. Thermal studies of fire protection properties of water-dispersion fire-protective paint formulation by PFA samples of different manufacturers are given. The work presents quantitative and qualitative estimation parameters which characterize influence of physical and chemical processes on fire retardant properties of the paint. The conclusions about the synergy of physical and chemical processes and its influence on the fire protection properties are made. The research results allow estimating the importance of developed compositions for fire proof paints, for which each component is chosen in order to heighten an effect of the others.
Removal of Deflection and Reconstruction of Foundations of the Historic Museum Building
Authors: Gromysz Krzysztof , Orwat Justyna
Published: December 2020

The displacements and forces were measured and analysed in the jacks on which the structure was rested during the complex renovation. The building was deflected from the vertical and its foundations were damaged. The renovation consisted in lifting the above-ground part of the structure and removing its deflection and then replacing the foundations. The building subject to renovation and investigations dates back to 1902; it is a historical structure and serves as a museum. The building is partially cellared, has two above-ground floors and a rectangular projection with 10.3 m and 10.7 m long sides. The building was vertically deflected by 31 mm/m. 27 hydraulic jacks were installed in order to remove the deflection in the axes of the cellar and foundation walls. With their help, the building was torn apart and then straightened by uneven lifting. After the rectification, the weight of the building was transferred onto a new system of supports transferring the load directly to the ground outside the foundations and the jacks located in the walls’ axes were dismounted. This made it possible to demolish the old stone foundations which were in very poor technical condition. New reinforced concrete strip foundations and foundation walls made of concrete blocks were made in their place. The forces and displacements in the jacks were continuously measured during the rectification. The article presents these measurements and establishes the relationships between the forces in the jacks and the displacements of the elevated building. The scope of the renovation and the innovative structural solutions applied in the construction of the foundations are also presented. The renovation of the deflected structure allowed to avoid demolition of the historic building and its re-assembly. Moreover, with the presented procedure, no damage was caused to the structure’s elements that were being lifted. The measurements of forces and displacements made it possible to determine the parameters of the straightened building.
Planning of Rational Terms of the Construction Equipment Replacement
Authors: Sobczak-Piąstka Justyna , Matviyishyn Yevhen , Famulyak Yuriy
Published: December 2020

Construction organizations (contractors) perform works using process equipment subject to significant physical wear. This study report results of developing and using an analytical model and a computer tool used to plan the rational times for construction equipment replacement. Physical wear and breakdowns of construction equipment disrupt production processes and cause unexpected production pauses leading to loss of contractor’s profit. In the article, the algorithm of equipment replacement planning is described. Computer model for a decision-making on the rational times for construction equipment replacement is developed using Visual Basic for Applications (VBA). The offered algorithm for decision-making on construction equipment replacement is based on the following assumptions: decision on equipment replacement is made at the end of the year; the amount of expenses for the general period is calculated by adding the expenses of each year. If during the relevant year the equipment is not replaced, the amount is composed only of loss of profit (depending on the equipment age). If during the year the equipment is replaced, the amount, in addition to the loss of profit for the current year, includes the cost of new equipment, reduced by the value of the liquidation value of the used equipment. The offered VBA macro for Excel has a benefit of showing several options. Decision-makers can consider the best options and choose one of them. A benefit of the offered algorithm implies obtaining several alternative plans of the rational times for equipment replacement. The use of this algorithm and the computer model is justified if the effect of the decisions made is higher than the additional expenses related to information collection (on the loss of contractor’s profit and market value of the new and worn equipment).
Static Load Test Imperfections Influence on Continuous Q-S Curves
Authors: Wasiluk Adam , Meyer Zygmunt
Published: December 2020

The static load test is the most reliable method of indicating the actual pile bearing capacity. Within the pile load increments, the settlement is measured and set of points Q-s (load – settlement) is plotted. The ways of executing the pile load test and their interpretation are far from optimal and have many different approaches. Usually, the pile test does not allow evaluating the bearing capacities within the measured range and extrapolation of the results within the Q-S curves is necessary. None of the present interpretation models includes the influence of imperfections in the pile load test. The paper presents the results of calculations with the model that takes into account the occurrence of imperfections during the test execution. The analysis is based on the modified Meyer-Kowalow curve model, proposed by Meyer and Wasiluk, and on the field test obtained on many construction sites for piles in different technologies, few of them loaded up to the failure. The model considered in the paper allows extracting statistical imperfections in the collected set of points. Imperfections should be understood as mechanical changes of the pile and pile-soil interaction. All phenomena are gathered within one imperfection. The imperfections are due to changing soil and pile skin when the soil body bends according to the Kirchhoff’s principle. Calculations indicate the influence of imperfections on the pile limit load and other parameters of the Q-s curves according to the basic model that exists. Performed analysis based on approximately 65 piles defines three main groups, first with a relatively small influence of imperfections, second with changes of the limit load for the entire pile and the pile toe without the large change of pile character (ratio of skin friction and pile toe resistance) and the third with a significant change in limit loads and pile bearing capacity components ratio (skin and toe). Values measured during the pile load test can be corrected within extract imperfections. Presented model in many cases determines more critical values for designers than basic models suggest.
Utilization of Underground Walls in Urban Areas
Authors: Prekop Lubomir , Grmanova Alzbeta
Published: December 2020

The paper deals with the solution of the problem of the buildings foundation in confined spaces of urban development. The most commonly used solutions are the underground walls, which provide space for the construction pit during the construction of underground parts of buildings. They must meet certain conditions in the urban development. The paper focuses on the analysis of the interaction of wall systems (mainly sheeting structures of building pits) and the surrounding earth massif. The distribution of the contact stress influences decisively the dimensioning of the foundation structure and the assessment of the foundation soil in terms of limit states. Similarly, other load-bearing structures ensuring the stability and usability of a building have been affected by an increase in the deformation load, which may cause a noticeable increase in internal forces and bending moments, which are not normally considered or assumed in static calculations of external loads, or their determination is based on false assumptions. If the magnitude of the deformation effects is incorrectly determined, the serviceability or loss of stability of the building structure may be limited. For this reason, to ensure a reliable and economical design, it is necessary to describe as closely as possible the interaction of the foundation structure with the subsoil. A prerequisite for a correct and economical solution to the problem is to capture the physical nature of the task at all stages of the solution. The use of the possibilities provided by the mathematical apparatus of the most versatile numerical method - finite element method (FEM) also contributes significantly to a more complex analysis of the problem. The practical lining wall model of the Eurovea shopping and entertainment center in Bratislava, Slovakia has been chosen as a practical example of the calculation. The main reason was the availability of the results of available inclinometric measurements. These have been compared with the results of the structural design model. The task was to create a model of the underground (lining) wall and compare the obtained results with the inclinometric measurements on realized objects. The obtained results have been presented in graphical form.
Enhancing Sustainability Benefits through Green Retrofitting of Healthcare Buildings
Authors: Ergin Aslihan , Tekce Isilay
Published: December 2020

Green retrofitting practices have critical importance in both the construction industry (CI) and healthcare industry (HI) due to the adverse effects of the existing healthcare buildings on both the environment and public health. Ironically, existing healthcare buildings consume critical amounts of energy, produce wastes, and CO2 emissions, which have considerable diverse harmful impacts on the health and well-being of the society as well as the environment. Especially, given the main goals of healthcare, green retrofitting is crucial to provide a healthy future for patients and staff of healthcare buildings. There is a sensitive link between providing sustainable healthcare buildings with improving health of the patients. Therefore, green retrofitting of healthcare buildings (GRHB) can be seen as one of the significant contributors that have a critical role in reducing the harmful impacts of the existing healthcare buildings. Nowadays, due to coronavirus pandemic, nations will focus on the physical conditions of their healthcare buildings more than ever for strengthening their infrastructure with appropriate retrofitting approaches. Therefore, the worldwide concerns put the prominence of the importance of patient safety and strong health infrastructure on the agenda of nations. Improvements in the health infrastructure are inevitable for the future, and with regarding this motivation, we looked at the benefits of GRHB in the first place. In the existing literature, there is a lack of comprehensive review associated with the GRHB. This paper focuses on conducting a systematic literature review to investigate the benefits of GRHB with selected academic studies. After the identification of healthcare and green retrofitting specific studies, the benefits of GRHB were determined by frequency analysis and classified under four dimensions, which are environmental, economic, social, and functional. Results demonstrated that reduced energy consumption, reduced costs, and improved energy performance of the building are the three major benefits. In terms of healthcare perspective, the critical outcomes of this study as the main benefits differ from other types of green retrofitting projects, which are improved infection control and improved recovery rate. The results of this systematic review will enhance the understanding of the importance of GRHB and its benefits, which will be useful for academics, green building professionals as well as healthcare building providers.
The Houses for music - concept and place. Modern tendencies, author’s own experience
Authors: Konior Tomasz
Published: December 2020

The subjects of this dissertation are buildings intended for music and their role in urban space. Houses for music – that is how we can briefly name buildings whose basic function is listening to music in the form of a concert - Philharmonic buildings. Also in the form of a show or performance fused with music. The third function of such buildings is to ensure the possibility for people to meet, adding certain nobility to the event in question, and therefore, added nobility to the venue itself. This last function is gaining significance. It is accompanied by the phenomenon of identifying the event as the function itself and simultaneously identifying the site. The growing value of such places stems from the oldest concept of urban planning, in search for that ‘modernity’ of the 20th century, an idea which has been forgotten and is now going through its revival. As Jan Gehl, an urban expert and humanist, reminds us, referring to the ‘city for people’. He reminds us that the number and the quality of the places are of utmost importance – places which create the occasion to participate in the urban membrane. The need for meeting builds the identity of a place, connecting cultural ideas with concepts which create culture and put architecture and music in the centre. The sound of the music itself becomes an element of the identity, the sound – however invisible, is very important for the place – on equal rights with the architecture of the designed buildings. The sound facilitated in the designs of these buildings creates the final quality of the architecture of the opera house or the Philharmonic. The dualism of the architectural and musical thought in the creation of the concept played a decisive role in creating the functionality of the venue, creating the true value of the place. It becomes a highly significant element of the quality of urban space. This short musing shows us that architecture and music are linked inter-disciplinarily as an important or perhaps even basic material for these buildings. The increasing significance of the relation between the buildings intended for music with the social strata of the city is very much visible in contemporary architectural concepts. The subject of this dissertation is the architectural concept and the context of buildings intended for music in urban space. This topical question has been presented on the basis of the following: The majority of the presented examples have been researched in situ by the author of the article. Historical thoughts presented based on the venues in Milan and New York, namely the La Scala and Carnegie Hall. Modern buildings: the Berlin Philharmonic, the Hamburg Philharmonic and the Philharmonic in Paris. The author’s own experiences related with the design of the seat of the National Symphony Orchestra of the Polish Radio in Katowice, Poland. The majority of the presented examples have been researched in situ by the author of the article.
Hydraulic calculation of fish ladders, Sebesel River, Romania
Authors: Andrei Armas , Erika Beilicci , Robert Beilicci
Published: December 2020

Sebesel 1 hydropower development is located on the Sebesel River, in the outskirts of Borlova, Caraş-Severin County. The realization of the fish ladder will not influence the flow regime of the surface or groundwater in the neighboring area. The fish ladder is dimensioned so as to allow the migration of the ichthyofauna upstream during the spawning period and the partial transit of the alluviums as well as the downstream provision of a servitude flow Q = 0.059 mc / s. The Sebeşel 1 hydroelectric power plant is a hydropower arrangement by shunt without accumulation lake. The plant has two power groups equipped with Pelton turbines. The power delivered by MHC Sebesel 1 is 876.03 kW. The installed flow rate is 0.90 m3 / s; gross fall: 131 m; capture rate 814 mdMN. The fish ladders are of the technical ladder type with pools. The objectives of the studies were: to describe the qualitative and quantitative structure of benthic invertebrate and fish macro communities; assessment of the ecological status of the rivers in the areas of hydropower development; highlighting the presence of fish species of conservative interest and assessing the status of their populations. The methodology was carried out in accordance with the provisions of the Water Framework Directive, Annex V used took into account the following: Assessment of the status of aquatic communities; description of the structure of fish communities; assessment of the ecological status of the river sectors. The study led to obtaining some essential information for the exploitation and maintenance of the micro-hydroelectric plant as well as the fish ladder.
Impact of the Railway Infrastructure Revitalization Projects on the Severity of Occurrences
Authors: Funk Tomáš , Hromádka Vít
Published: December 2020

Revitalization of railways represents a very important part of the railway infrastructure development. Railway infrastructure reconstruction and revitalization projects bring a number of positive impacts - benefits in addition to the negative impacts of temporary traffic restrictions or often relatively high investment costs. While benefits in terms of operating cost savings, reduced transport time or mitigation of negative environmental impacts are commonly included in the economic analysis evaluating the economic efficiency of the project, the benefits resulting from improving safety and reliability of the railway infrastructure, which are also associated with the modernization of the railway infrastructure, are currently not included in the economic analyses. The paper is focused on the presentation of a partial output of the research project, which deals with the evaluation of increasing railway infrastructure safety and reliability due to the implementation of railway infrastructure revitalization projects. The presented part of the research deals with the evaluation of the implementation impact of the railway revitalization project on the safety and reliability of railway operation and focuses on empirical verification of the basic assumption that the implementation of the railway revitalization project, including modernization of signalling systems, will reduce the incidence of occurrences in terms of their number and severity. Methodologically, the research is based on a comparison of the situation before and after the implementation of the railway infrastructure revitalization project. Specifically, the research focuses on the change in the incidence of occurrences and their economic impacts, including impacts on public health, operating costs, damage amount, as well as impacts on the traffic flow and potential delay, due to the implemented measures increasing the railway infrastructure safety and reliability which form a common part of the railway infrastructure revitalization projects. The results are expressed in monetary units and are drawn from and presented on the two pilot railway infrastructure revitalization projects.
Measures and Model of the Churches of São Miguel (Azores)
Authors: Vieira Maria Antónia , Sampayo Mafalda , Miranda Paulo
Published: December 2020

The religious spaces are carriers of great symbolic importance, standing out in the urban fabric not only for their location, but also for their scale in relation to the surrounding buildings. We show the relevance of the religious space in the São Miguel island (Azores) urban fabric, where the church presents itself as an element of great importance. It is the generator of the urban fabric, and it is usually strategically located as a landmark of the civic centre of the localities. This study presents an analysis of the main façades of the parish churches of the island of S. Miguel built during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. It highlights the existence of a typology of façade, which is a consequence of the materials and building systems existing there at the time. This demonstration continues the studies carried out by Sousa (1986) with the concept of façade “micaelense baroque ornamentation” and Caldas (2012) with the concept of “micaelense baroque façade” and “micaelense type façade”. Methodologically, the investigation was carried out through the analysis of the elements that make up the façades of the parish churches, the study of old and current photography, and drawings made in CAD; and the systematization of façades by grouping them into categories and establishing a typology between the various churches of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries.
Art in the Public Space, Different Aspects of Artistic Activities in Architecture
Authors: Zabawa-Krzypkowska Joanna , Groń Krzysztof
Published: December 2020

Background: Artistic activity in the public space of the city has many important functions and, what is important, is universal. Everyone, regardless of status, views or beliefs, has unlimited access to it. Both residents and visitors to a given place can read and interpret the message that various manifestations of artistic activity carry with them. Art evokes important social feelings - it helps to identify with the place, remember them as a distinguishing element. Objects with specific features become a landmark in the area. Artists who create art in public space raise important topics related to various areas of life, gain new fields of expression, a wider audience and therefore reach more recipients. The themes realized by the authors of murals often refer to historical events, commemorate important social events, perform a propaganda function because they reach a mass audience. The paintings often depict images of famous people: musicians, footballers, writers etc.; tell various stories, refer to ecology, human rights, they are also a form of advertising etc. Purpose: The work discusses selected examples of murals and on this basis shows that artistic activities are becoming an important element complementing the urban landscape. Murals appear in neglected city districts, in housing estates and high-rise buildings areas, they often decorate empty walls of buildings, they are an element of space revitalization - they increase the aesthetic value of the surroundings and have a positive impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants. They change the face of difficult, neglected, forgotten and dangerous spaces. They help to improve the spatial and social situation, and thus lead to a better quality of life for residents. The article is based on literature research and its own observation in the public space in the cities. The main goal of the research is to determine whether and to what extent art manifests itself in modern cities and what is its significance for social perception. Conclusion: The analysis showed that newly emerging murals still perform socially engaged functions and have an impact on improving the space.
Wooden Construction as a Housing Estate Design Model
Authors: Orłowski Tomasz , Palus Kinga , Rubińska-Jonczy Barbara
Published: December 2020

The program challengers “Timber in the city” Urban Habitat Competition entrance to imagine new possibilities for the future and urban living in New York in the district Queens – the relationship between the individual dwelling and the collective aggregation of units; the use of timber and wood is leveraged to create living spaces that are connected to natural systems. The article presents the main principles of the residential flats which are founded upon a concept that reflects the construction of boxes that fit harmoniously together - inspired by the traditional Japanese art of joining wood consisting of minimal participation of mechanical connectors, enabling the construction of a single modular segment consisting of both columns and beams, merged together. This universal system design would support the recommended natural insulation of the adobe wall. Locations of the windows and door openings are not restricted, allowing for an ambient lightening of apartments. The exterior finish can be flexible, depending on the context of the environment in which the building is made. In alignment with the competition’s needs, we decided to finish the brick with natural bricks as a reference to the traditional, distinctive facades of New York tenements houses. The article shows contemporary challenges in the design of housing estates with the use of wooden construction. The design of the residential part started with the elaboration of functional and spatial systems of apartments, based on an established modular system, followed by putting the blocks together, creating a heavily fragmented piece. The free spaces between apartments are meant to be a featuring characteristic, designing an open space – with the intention of development of neighborly relations and bonding local community. The system has been developed on recurrent, modular apartments that are universal and flexible enough to replicate – anywhere, with consideration given to the immediate surroundings. This flexibility of the system and freedom of shaping a building’s piece enables the avoidance of monotony, despite the recurrence. The conclusions may be useful for architects, urban designers, academics in the field of architecture and urbanism.