bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Novel antiosteoclastogenic activity of phloretin antagonizingRANKL‐induced osteoclast differentiation of murine macrophages
Authors: Kim Jung‐Lye , Kang Min‐Kyung , Gong Ju‐Hyun , Park Sin‐Hye , Han Seon‐Young , Kang Young‐Hee
Published: June 2012

Scope

Bone‐remodeling imbalance resulting in more bone resorption than bone formation is known to cause skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis. Phloretin, a natural dihydrochalcone compound largely present in apple peels, possesses antiphotoaging, and antiinflammatory activity.

Methods and results

Phloretin inhibited receptor activator of NF‐κB ligand (RANKL)‐induced formation of multinucleated osteoclasts and diminished bone resorption area produced during the osteoclast differentiation process. It was also found that ≥10 μM phloretin reduced RANKL‐enhanced tartrate‐resistance acid phosphatase activity and matrix metalloproteinase‐9 secretion in a dose‐dependent manner. The phloretin treatment retarded RANKL‐induced expression of carbonic anhydrase II, vacuolar‐type H+‐ATPase D2 and β3 integrin, all involved in the bone resorption. Furthermore, submicromolar phloretin diminished the expression and secretion of cathepsin K elevated by RANKL, being concurrent with inhibition of TRAF6 induction and NF‐κB activation. RANKL‐induced activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1) and microphthalmia‐associated transcription factor was also suppressed by phloretin.

Conclusion

These results demonstrate that the inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption by phloretin entail a disturbance of TRAF6‐NFATc1‐NF‐κB pathway triggered by RANKL. Therefore, phloretin may be a potential therapeutic agent targeting osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption in skeletal diseases such as osteoporosis.
Human brain imaging at 9.4 T using a tunable patch antenna for transmission
Authors: Hoffmann Jens , Shajan G. , Budde Juliane , Scheffler Klaus , Pohmann Rolf
Published: June 2012

For human brain imaging at ultrahigh fields, the traveling wave concept can provide a more uniform B1+ field over a larger field of view with improved patient comfort compared to conventional volume coils. It suffers, however, from limited transmit efficiency and receive sensitivity and is not readily applicable in systems where the radiofrequency shield is too narrow to allow for unattenuated wave propagation. Here, the near field of a capacitively adjustable patch antenna for excitation is combined with a receive‐only array at 9.4 T. The antenna is designed in compact size and placed in close proximity to the subject to improve the transmit efficiency in narrow bores. Experimental and numerical comparisons to conventional microstrip arrays reveal improved B1+ homogeneity and longitudinal coverage, but at the cost of elevated local specific absorption rate. High‐resolution functional and anatomical images demonstrate the use of this setup for in vivo human brain imaging at 9.4 T. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Playground Usability: What Do Playground Users Say?
Authors: Ripat Jacquie , Becker Pam
Published: June 2012

Play, specifically outdoor play, is crucial for a child's development. However, not all playgrounds are designed to provide usable space for children with disabilities. The aim of the study was to gain an understanding of the experiences of playground use for children with disabilities and their caregivers. Using a qualitative descriptive design, interviews were conducted with children with disabilities and their caregivers. Interview transcripts were reviewed and coded. The analysis process resulted in three overarching themes. Playground Experiences addressed the sensory experiences that children seek at playgrounds, the importance of creating environments that promote imaginative play and the need to provide an appropriate level of challenge. In the second theme, Playground Usability, participants described barriers that prevent access and features that promote use. The third theme, Inclusivity, focused on equal access and the importance of providing options in design. The Person–Environment–Occupation model was used to frame the findings and to identify practice and research recommendations. Outdoor play is a key occupation of children, and occupational therapists have a role in promoting usable environments for all children. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Anti‐CD3 × anti‐GD2 bispecific antibody redirects T‐cell cytolytic activity to neuroblastoma targets
Authors: Yankelevich Maxim , Kondadasula Sri Vidya , Thakur Archana , Buck Steven , Cheung Nai‐Kong V. , Lum Lawrence G.
Published: June 2012

Background

The ganglioside GD2 is an attractive target for immunotherapy of neuroectodermal tumors. We tested a unique bispecific antibody anti‐CD3 × anti‐GD2 (3F8BiAb) for its ability to redirect activated T cells (ATC) to target GD2‐positive neuroblastomas.

Procedure

ATC were generated from normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by stimulating the PBMC with OKT3 and expanding the T cells in the presence of interleukin 2 (IL‐2) for 14 days. ATC were armed with 3F8BiAb (100 ng/106 cells) or Her2BiAb (50 ng/106 cells) prior to use. 3F8 BiAb were tested for its dual‐binding specificity to GD2 expressed on cancer cell lines and CD3 expressed on ATC. 3F8BiAb‐armed ATC were further tested ex vivo for their cytotoxicity against GD2 positive tumor targets and its ability to induce cytokine response upon binding to targets.

Results

GD2 expression in neuroblastoma cells was confirmed by FACS analysis. Specific binding of 3F8BiAb to the tumor targets as well as to ATC was confirmed by FACS analysis. 3F8BiAb‐armed ATC exhibited specific killing of GD2 positive neuroblastoma cell lines significantly above unarmed ATC (P < 0.001). GD2BiAb‐armed ATC secreted significantly higher levels of Th1 cytokines and chemokines compared to unarmed ATC (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

These preclinical findings support the potential of a novel immunotherapeutic approach to target T cells to neuroblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 59: 1198–1205. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Understanding risk and communicating with patients
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: June 2012

Steve Chaplin discusses a new publication on perceptions and attitudes to risk that will help doctors talk about risks with their patients.
Inhaled steroids: properties and use in the treatment of asthma
Authors: Chaplin Steve , Corrigan Christopher
Published: June 2012

Steve Chaplin and Professor Corrigan provide an overview of the properties of inhaled steroids and their current recommended place in the treatment of asthma.
Management of recurrent/persistent vaginal infections
Authors: Sherrard Jackie
Published: June 2012

Our series on Prescribing challenges focusses on areas of therapeutics that can present a particular challenge in general practice. Here, Dr Sherrard advises on the recommended management of recurrent vaginal infection.
PRACTICE: the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors
Authors: Chaplin Steve
Published: June 2012

Steve Chaplin provides details of one of the largest UK studies into the prevalence and causes of prescribing errors in primary care.
The theoretical studies of interactions of the OH−(H2O)n clusters evolution toward the hydroxide anion hydration
Authors: Roszak Rafał , Góra Robert W. , Roszak Szczepan
Published: June 2012

The studies of evolution of nature of interactions are presented for the OH−(H2O)n (n = 1–4) clusters in the context of the hydroxide anion hydration. The structure, thermodynamics, charge distribution, and interaction energy partitioning are presented for anions in the gas phase and aqueous solution. The many‐body contributions to the interaction energies are considered for increasing size of complexes. The smallest clusters that are capable of reproducing the thermodynamics of hydroxide anion hydration were elucidated and the simplified procedure for calculations of hydroxide anion hydration is proposed and tested. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
SIMS informatics
Authors: Henderson Alex , Moore Jimmy D. , Vickerman John C.
Published: June 2012

Secondary ion mass spectrometry instrumentation has improved dramatically over the last decade; however, our understanding of the data is yet to catch up. High mass resolution coupled with enhanced transmission and increases in duty cycle have revealed subtle detail in spectral features indicating that there is a wealth of information in our data that we have yet to take advantage of. Here, we present a collection of approaches that should improve our data interpretation. We cover websites delivering liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry data as web services, allowing us to interact with collections of spectra produced via a similar fragmentation process. We show how simple spectral matching approaches suggest that we can compare data across disparate primary ion sources and mass analyser types, and we show how the management and use of metadata will help us to build resources to the benefit of future researchers. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface characterisation of PEO‐like microstructures by means of ToF‐SIMS, XPS and SPR
Authors: Perez‐Roldan M. , Colpo P. , Gilliland D. , Ceccone G. , Rossi F.
Published: June 2012

In this work, we present a method to produce micro and nanostructured surfaces containing bioadhesive features embedded in an antifouling matrix. These surfaces are fabricated by combining plasma polymerization and electron beam lithography. This combination allows the fabrication of structured surfaces in just two steps and without the use of solvents. ToF‐SIMS analysis demonstrates that the e‐beam treatment induces a chemical change at the surface depending upon the radiation dose employed. In particular, a decrease of peaks characteristic of the PEO‐like fragments (e.g. CH3O+, C3H7O+, C3H5O2+) and a correspondent increase of hydrocarbon moieties such as C2H3+ and C3H3+ is observed in the irradiated zones. These results are supported by XPS analysis that indicate a slight reduction of the intensity of the C–O component in the C1s core level spectrum after irradiation similar to that observed in UV‐treated PEO‐like films. Experiments with proteins show a preferential adhesion of the biomolecules to the irradiated zone indicating the good potential of this technique for the development of nanostructured biosensing platforms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
In pursuit of nanocarbons
Authors: Shinohara Hisanori
Published: June 2012

With the advent of the Krätschmer‐Huffman historical breakthrough on the macroscopic synthesis of C60 in the late summer of 1990, I decided to stop all my research so far in the area of spectroscopy of gas‐phase molecular microclusters. Since then, my odyssey in and quest for the so‐called nanocarbons started. Thanks to the brand‐new and enchanting world of fullerenes, metallofullerenes, carbon nanotubes and nano‐peapods, I have been able to entertain (and still am entertaining!) “the pleasure of finding things out”, as Richard Feynman once put it in an interview by a BBC television program in 1981. I believe that as long as one has big dreams and lays the groundwork for the dreams, one will achieve them. My quest for nanocarbons is still on its way. DOI 10.1002/tcr.201100037
An estimation of EDXRF spectrometer properties, based on a two‐layer composite Si‐Ge detector
Authors: Portnoy A. Yu. , Pavlinsky G. V. , Gorbunov M. S. , Sidorova Yu. I.
Published: June 2012

A mathematical model for the two‐layer composite Si‐Ge energy dispersive X‐ray detector is proposed, based on analyses of radiation and electron transport in the detector, and a mathematical model of an energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescent spectrometer with the detector is considered. The Monte Carlo method is applied to calculate probabilities of photon detection in different parts of the detector's response function. The composite detector with the time anti‐coincidence scheme is proposed; its first layer is Si detector, and the second layer is Ge detector. It is shown that this composite detector has some advantages, such as reduced Ge photo escape peaks intensities and efficiency of detection of high energy photons similar to efficiency of Ge detector. Applying the X‐ray detector for the energy dispersive X‐ray fluorescent spectrometer provides for a lower background level. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Factors associated with substance use among orphaned and non‐orphaned youth in South Africa
Authors: Meghdadpour Susanne , Curtis Sian , Pettifor Audrey , MacPhail Catherine
Published: June 2012

Substance use is increasing among youth in South Africa, and may be contributing to transmission of HIV. As parental death often leaves youth with altered emotional and physical resources, substance use may be greater among orphaned adolescents. Utilizing data from a household survey of 15–24 year old South Africans (n = 11,904), multivariable models were fitted to examine the association of factors from five domains with alcohol and drug use, and to compare substance use among orphaned versus non‐orphaned youth.

Results showed that factors from individual, family, and community domains were most associated with substance use. Compared with non‐orphans, paternal and double orphaned males were more likely to have consumed alcohol, and paternally orphaned females had significantly greater odds of having used drugs. Findings confirm that some sub‐groups of orphaned youth are at increased risk of substance use and families and communities may be influential in moderating this risky behavior.
Das RKI-Gesundheitsmonitoring – was es enthält und wie es genutzt werden kann
Authors: Kurth Bärbel-Maria
Published: June 2012

Einleitung

Am Robert Koch-Institut ist ein bundesweites Gesundheitsmonitoringsystem etabliert, das der Erfassung des Gesundheitszustands und –verhaltens der Bevölkerung sowie relevanter gesundheitlicher Einflussfaktoren dient. Dieses Monitoringsystem besteht aus den drei Komponenten KiGGS (Kinder- und Jugendgesundheitssurvey), DEGS (Studie zur Gesundheit Erwachsener in Deutschland) und GEDA (Gesundheit in Deutschland aktuell), die jeweils für regelmäßig durchgeführte repräsentative Untersuchungen und Befragungen (Gesundheitssurveys) sowohl von Kindern und Jugendlichen als auch von Erwachsenen stehen. Diese Daten und solche aus anderen Quellen wie beispielsweise den Krebsregisterdaten bilden eine umfassende Daten- und Informationsgrundlage für Public Health und die Gesundheitspolitik in Deutschland. Für die epidemiologische Forschung werden die Datensätze jeweils als Public Use Files zur Verfügung gestellt.
Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500
Authors: Emery Anthony
Published: June 2012

This is the third volume of Anthony Emery's magisterial survey, Greater Medieval Houses of England and Wales, 1300–1500, first published in 2006. Across the three volumes Emery has examined afresh and re-assessed over 750 houses, the first comprehensive review of the subject for 150 years. Covered are the full range of leading homes, from royal and episcopal palaces to manor houses, as well as community buildings such as academic colleges, monastic granges and secular colleges of canons. This volume surveys Southern England and is divided into three regions, each of which includes a separate historical and architectural introduction as well as thematic essays prompted by key buildings. The text is complemented throughout by a wide range of plans and diagrams and a wealth of photographs showing the present condition of almost every house discussed. This is an essential source for anyone interested in the history, architecture and culture of medieval England and Wales.
Accents of English
Authors: Wells John C.
Published: June 2012

Accents of English is about the way English is pronounced by different people in different places. Volume 1 provides a synthesizing introduction, which shows how accents vary not only geographically, but also with social class, formality, sex and age; and in volumes 2 and 3 the author examines in greater depth the various accents used by people who speak English as their mother tongue: the accents of the regions of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland (volume 2), and of the USA, Canada, the West Indies, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Black Africa and the Far East (volume 3). Each volume can be read independently, and together they form a major scholarly survey, of considerable originality, which not only includes descriptions of hitherto neglected accents, but also examines the implications for phonological theory. Readers will find the answers to many questions: Who makes 'good' rhyme with 'mood'? Which accents have no voiced sibilants? How is a Canadian accent different from an American one, a New Zealand one from an Australian one, a Jamaican one from a Barbadian one? What are the historical reasons for British-American pronunciation differences? What sound changes are currently in progress in New York, in London, in Edinburgh? Dr Wells his written principally for students of linguistics, phonetics and English language, but the motivated general reader will also find the study both fascinating and rewarding.
Elementary Persian Grammar
Authors: Elwell-Sutton L. P.
Published: June 2012

Mr Elwell-Sutton's book provides a simple grammatical framework for contemporary written Persian. It is based on the characteristic idiom and phraseology of the language as it is used in newspapers, magazines and novels. The student is introduced to Persian script from the first lesson. Words are fully vocalized in the early lessons, but vowels are progressively discarded; they are, however, shown in the vocabulary. The letter-forms of printed Persian are used cursive scripts. Although the structure of the language is Mr Elwell-Sutton's immediate concern, he has given close attention to the need for acquiring a workable vocabulary. The examples and exercises thus require only a limited vocabulary of words in fairly common use - about 1500 in all. The student is also given help with pronunciation; at the ends of lessons sample sentences from the exercises are printed with diacritics showing the intonation and stress of each syllable. At the end of the book there is a key to the lessons.
Nielsen: Symphony No. 5
Authors: Fanning David
Published: June 2012

After the death of Mahler in 1911 the great Austro-German symphonic line was carried on mainly in England, America, Scandinavia and Russia. The Fifth Symphony of Carl Nielsen, Denmark's greatest composer, was composed in 1921–2. David Fanning discusses its place within the symphonic tradition since Beethoven, revealing the personal background to the work and taking full account of the extensive Danish commentaries, including the composer's own, which are given in English for the first time. In an absorbing analysis of the music he lays bare the origins of its images of inertia, anxiety and collapse in Nielsen's tone poems and incidental music for the theatre. Insights are offered into the symphony's 'progressive tonality' and its relationship to traditional structural models.
Vincenzo Bellini: Norma
Authors: Kimbell David R. B.
Published: June 2012

Norma is by common consent the finest of the ten operas composed during Vincenzo Bellini's short career, representing his genius more comprehensively than is usually the case with any single work by an operatic composer. This 1998 handbook provides the biographical and cultural context of the opera. It gives a full synopsis and an examination of the music and poetry, which is rooted in the aesthetics of early nineteenth-century Italian opera. Professor Kimbell suggests something of the impression Norma has made on our imaginations and sensibilities in the 165 years since it was first produced in Milan in December 1831. He considers the great interpretations of the eponymous leading role. His discussion also embraces Bellini's work more generally by presenting some of the critical reactions to his music.
Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity
Authors: Dignas Beate , Winter Engelbert
Published: June 2012

The foundation of the Sasanian Empire in Persia in AD 224 established a formidable new power on the Roman Empire's eastern frontier, and relations over the next four centuries proved turbulent. This book provides a chronological narrative of their relationship, supported by a substantial collection of translated sources illustrating structural patterns. The political goals of the two sides, their military confrontations and their diplomatic solutions are discussed, as well as the common interests between the two powers. Special attention is given to the situation of Arabia and Armenia, to economic aspects, the protection of the frontiers, the religious life in both empires and the channels of communication between East and West. Considerable attention is also paid to exploring the role played by the Sasanians in the history of the ancient Near East. The book will prove invaluable for students and non-specialists interested in late antiquity and early Byzantium.
The Arts of Love
Authors: Kennedy Duncan F.
Published: June 2012

This book examines the love elegies of the Roman poets Tibullus, Propertius and Ovid from the point of view of the way the meanings attributed to the poems arise out of the interests and preoccupations of the cultural situation in which they are read. Each study is centred around a reading of a poem or poems together with a discussion of a variety of sophisticated theoretical approaches. All Latin texts and terms are translated or closely paraphrased. Although the book concentrates on the work of the Roman elegists, the challenging insights it offers into the processes involved in the reading and appropriation of the texts of the past are relevant to scholars and students of classical literature in general, and its discussion of such key issues as history, textuality, representation, discourse, gender, ideology and metaphor will be of concern to those interested in literary theory and cultural studies.
The Little Czech and the Great Czech Nation
Authors: Holy Ladislav
Published: June 2012

When Ladislav Holy precipitately left Czechoslovakia for the UK in 1968 he was already one of the leading anthropologists in Central Europe. In the following decades he made important field studies in Africa. Since 1986 he has been engaged in research in the Czech Republic, and he brings to this timely study of national identity the skills of a seasoned researcher, a cosmopolitan perspective, and the insights of an insider. Drawing on historical and literary sources as well as ethnography, he analyses Czech discourses on national identity. He argues that there were specifically 'Czech' aspects to the communist regime and to the 'velvet revolution', and paying particular attention to symbolic representations of what it means to be Czech, he explores how notions of Czech identity were involved in the debates surrounding the fall of communism, and the emergence of a new social system.
The French Nobility in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Chaussinand-Nogaret Guy
Published: June 2012

One of the most lively of France's younger historians, Guy Chaussinand-Nogaret argues in this pioneering essay that the traditional picture of the pre-revolutionary French nobility as a caste of intransigent reactionaries and parasites is a fabrication of revolutionary propaganda. Using a whole range of new research and calculations, he argues that the nobility represented all that was most vigorous and forward-looking in eighteenth-century French society. Constantly renewing itself by recruiting the richest members of the middle classes or marrying their daughters, the nobility was in the forefront of French economic and intellectual life, and until 1789 was at the head of the movement for reform of the old regime state. In an afterword specially written for the English edition, the author explains how the revolutionaries came to turn against a group that had done more than any other to bring about the Revolution.
Complex Algebraic Curves
Authors: Kirwan Frances
Published: June 2012

Complex algebraic curves were developed in the nineteenth century. They have many fascinating properties and crop up in various areas of mathematics, from number theory to theoretical physics, and are the subject of much research. By using only the basic techniques acquired by most undergraduate courses in mathematics, Dr Kirwan introduces the theory, observes the algebraic and topological properties of complex algebraic curves, and shows how they are related to complex analysis. This book grew from a lecture course given by Dr Kirwan at Oxford University and will be an excellent companion for final year undergraduates and graduates who are studying complex algebraic curves.
Justification and Legitimacy
Authors: Simmons A. John
Published: June 2012

A. John Simmons is widely regarded as one of the most innovative and creative of today's political philosophers. His work on political obligation is regarded as definitive and he is also internationally respected as an interpreter of John Locke. The characteristic features of clear argumentation and careful scholarship that have been hallmarks of his philosophy are everywhere evident in this collection. The essays focus on the problems of political obligation and state legitimacy as well as on historical theories of property and justice. Cumulatively the collection presents a distinctive social and political philosophy, exploring the nature of our most fundamental rights and obligations, and displaying the power and plausibility of Lockean ideal theory.
Life and Death
Authors: Brock Dan W.
Published: June 2012

How should modern medicine's dramatic new powers to sustain life be employed? How should limited resources be used to extend and improve the quality of life? In this collection, Dan Brock, a distinguished philosopher and bioethicist and co-author of Deciding for Others (Cambridge, 1989), explores the moral issues raised by new ideals of shared decision making between physicians and patients. The book develops an ethical framework for decisions about life-sustaining treatment and euthanasia, and examines how these life and death decisions are transformed in health policy when the focus shifts from what is best for a patient to what is just for all patients. Professor Brock combines acute philosophical analysis with a deep understanding of the realities of clinical health policy. This is a volume for philosophers concerned with medical ethics, health policy professionals, physicians interested in bioethics, and undergraduate courses in biomedical ethics.
Scientific Realism and the Plasticity of Mind
Authors: Churchland Paul M.
Published: June 2012

A study in the philosophy of science, proposing a strong form of the doctrine of scientific realism' and developing its implications for issues in the philosophy of mind.
Slaves No More
Authors: Berlin Ira , Fields Barbara J. , Miller Steven F. , Reidy Joseph P. , Rowland Leslie S.
Published: June 2012

The three essays in this volume present an introduction and history of the emancipation of the slaves during the Civil War. The first essay traces the destruction of slavery by discussing the shift from a war for the Union to a war against slavery. The slaves are shown to have shaped the destiny of the nation through their determination to place their liberty on the wartime agenda. The second essay examines the evolution of freedom in occupied areas of the lower and upper South. The struggle of those freed to obtain economic independence in difficult wartime circumstances indicates conflicting conceptions of freedom among former slaves and slaveholders, Northern soldiers and civilians. The third essay demonstrates how the enlistment and military service of nearly 200,000 slaves hastened the transformation of the war into a struggle for universal liberty, and how this experience shaped the lives of these former slaves long after the war had ended.
I Do Solemnly Swear
Authors: Sheppard Steve
Published: June 2012

What should the people expect from their legal officials? This book asks whether officials can be moral and still follow the law, answering that the law requires them to do so. It revives the idea of the good official - the good lawyer, the good judge, the good president, the good legislator - that guided Cicero and Washington and that we seem to have forgotten. Based on stories and law cases from America's founding to the present, this book examines what is good and right in law and why officials must care. This overview of official duties, from oaths to the law itself, explains how morals and law work together to create freedom and justice, and it provides useful maxims to argue for the right answer in hard cases. Important for scholars but useful for lawyers and readable by anybody, this book explains how American law ought to work.
Developing a Talent for Science
Authors: Jansen Ritsert C.
Published: June 2012

Want to make the most of your talent for science? This practical guide for students, postdoctorates and professors offers a unique stepwise approach to help you develop your expertise and become a more productive scientist. Covering topics from giving presentations and writing effectively to prioritising your workload, it provides guidance to enhance your skills and combine them with those of others to your mutual benefit. Learn how to maintain your passion for science, inspire others to develop their abilities and motivate yourself to plan effectively, focus on your goals and even optimise funding opportunities. With numerous valuable tips, real-life stories, novel questionnaires and exercises for self-reflection, this must-read guide provides everything you need to take responsibility for your own personal and professional development.
Essentials of Hamiltonian Dynamics
Authors: Lowenstein John H.
Published: June 2012

Classical dynamics is one of the cornerstones of advanced education in physics and applied mathematics, with applications across engineering, chemistry and biology. In this book, the author uses a concise and pedagogical style to cover all the topics necessary for a graduate-level course in dynamics based on Hamiltonian methods. Readers are introduced to the impressive advances in the field during the second half of the twentieth century, including KAM theory and deterministic chaos. Essential to these developments are some exciting ideas from modern mathematics, which are introduced carefully and selectively. Core concepts and techniques are discussed, together with numerous concrete examples to illustrate key principles. A special feature of the book is the use of computer software to investigate complex dynamical systems, both analytically and numerically. This text is ideal for graduate students and advanced undergraduates who are already familiar with the Newtonian and Lagrangian treatments of classical mechanics. The book is well suited to a one-semester course, but is easily adapted to a more concentrated format of one-quarter or a trimester. A solutions manual and introduction to Mathematica® are available online at www.cambridge.org/Lowenstein.
A Student's Guide to Geophysical Equations
Authors: Lowrie William
Published: June 2012

The advent of accessible student computing packages has meant that geophysics students can now easily manipulate datasets and gain first-hand modeling experience - essential in developing an intuitive understanding of the physics of the Earth. Yet to gain a more in-depth understanding of physical theory, and to develop new models and solutions, it is necessary to be able to derive the relevant equations from first principles. This compact, handy book fills a gap left by most modern geophysics textbooks, which generally do not have space to derive all of the important formulae, showing the intermediate steps. This guide presents full derivations for the classical equations of gravitation, gravity, tides, earth rotation, heat, geomagnetism and foundational seismology, illustrated with simple schematic diagrams. It supports students through the successive steps and explains the logical sequence of a derivation - facilitating self-study and helping students to tackle homework exercises and prepare for exams.
Analyzing Grammar
Authors: Kroeger Paul R.
Published: June 2012

Analyzing Grammar is a clear introductory 2005 textbook on grammatical analysis, designed for students beginning to study the discipline. Covering both syntax (the structure of phrases and sentences) and morphology (the structure of words), it equips them with the tools and methods needed to analyze grammatical patterns in any language. Students are shown how to use standard notational devices such as phrase structure trees and word-formation rules, as well as prose descriptions. Emphasis is placed on comparing the different grammatical systems of the world's languages, and students are encouraged to practice the analyses through a diverse range of problem sets and exercises. Topics covered include word order, constituency, case, agreement, tense, gender, pronoun systems, inflection, derivation, argument structure and grammatical relations, and a useful glossary provides a clear explanation of each term. Accessibly written and comprehensive, Analyzing Grammar is set to become a key text for all courses in grammatical analysis.
Ancient Epistemology
Authors: Gerson Lloyd P.
Published: June 2012

This is the first title in the Key Themes in Ancient Philosophy series, which provides concise books, written by major scholars and accessible to non-specialists, on important themes in ancient philosophy which remain of philosophical interest today. In this book, Professor Gerson explores ancient accounts of the nature of knowledge and belief from the Presocratics up to the Platonists of late antiquity. He argues that ancient philosophers generally held a naturalistic view of knowledge as well as of belief. Hence, knowledge was not viewed as a stipulated or semantically determined type of belief but was rather a real or objectively determinable achievement. In fact, its attainment was identical with the highest possible cognitive achievement, namely wisdom. It was this naturalistic view of knowledge at which the ancient Skeptics took aim. The book concludes by comparing the ancient naturalistic epistemology with some contemporary versions.
Criminal Justice in the United States, 1789–1939
Authors: Dale Elizabeth
Published: June 2012

This book chronicles the development of criminal law in America, from the beginning of the constitutional era (1789) through the rise of the New Deal order (1939). Elizabeth Dale discusses the changes in criminal law during that period, tracing shifts in policing, law, the courts and punishment. She also analyzes the role that popular justice - lynch mobs, vigilance committees, law-and-order societies and community shunning - played in the development of America's criminal justice system. This book explores the relation between changes in America's criminal justice system and its constitutional order.
War, Aggression and Self-Defence
Authors: Dinstein Yoram
Published: June 2012

Yoram Dinstein's influential textbook is an indispensable guide to the legal issues of war and peace, armed attack, self-defence and enforcement measures taken under the aegis of the Security Council. This fifth edition incorporates recent treaties such as the Kampala amendments of the Statute of the International Criminal Court, new case law from the International Court of Justice and other tribunals, and contemporary doctrinal debates. Several new supplementary sections are also included, which take into account recent conflicts around the world, and consideration is given to new resolutions of the Security Council. With many segments having been rewritten to reflect recent State practice, this book remains a wide-ranging and highly readable introduction to the legal issues surrounding war and self-defence.
Leveraging Corporate Responsibility
Authors: Bhattacharya C. B. , Sen Sankar , Korschun Daniel
Published: June 2012

The corporate social and environmental responsibility movement, known more generally as corporate responsibility (CR), shows little sign of waning. Almost all large corporations now run some form of corporate responsibility program. Despite this widespread belief that CR can simultaneously improve societal welfare and corporate performance, most companies are largely in the dark when it comes to understanding how their stakeholders think and feel about these programs. This book argues that all companies must understand how and why stakeholders react to such information about companies and their actions. It examines the two most important stakeholder groups to companies - consumers and employees - to comprehend why, when and how they react to CR. Armed with this insight, it shows how companies can maximize the value of their CR initiatives by fostering strong stakeholder relationships to develop, implement and evaluate compelling social responsibility programs that generate value for both the company and its stakeholders.
Strangers at the Gates
Authors: Tarrow Sidney
Published: June 2012

This book contains the products of work carried out over four decades of research in Italy, France and the United States, and in the intellectual territory between social movements, comparative politics, and historical sociology. Using a variety of methods ranging from statistical analysis to historical case studies to linguistic analysis, the book centers on historical catalogs of protest events and cycles of collective action. Sidney Tarrow places social movements in the broader arena of contentious politics, in relation to states, political parties and other actors. From peasants and communists in 1960s Italy, to movements and politics in contemporary western polities, to the global justice movement in the new century, the book argues that contentious actors are neither outside of nor completely within politics, but rather they occupy the uncertain territory between total opposition and integration into policy.
Settlers, Liberty, and Empire
Authors: Yirush Craig
Published: June 2012

Traces the emergence of a revolutionary conception of political authority on the far shores of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. Based on the equal natural right of English subjects to leave the realm, claim indigenous territory and establish new governments by consent, this radical set of ideas culminated in revolution and republicanism. But unlike most scholarship on early American political theory, Craig Yirush does not focus solely on the revolutionary era of the late eighteenth century. Instead, he examines how the political ideas of settler elites in British North America emerged in the often-forgotten years between the Glorious Revolution in America and the American Revolution against Britain. By taking seriously an imperial world characterized by constitutional uncertainty, geo-political rivalry and the ongoing presence of powerful Native American peoples, Yirush provides a long-term explanation for the distinctive ideas of the American Revolution.
Governing for the Long Term
Authors: Jacobs Alan M.
Published: June 2012

In Governing for the Long Term, Alan M. Jacobs investigates the conditions under which elected governments invest in long-term social benefits at short-term social cost. Jacobs contends that, along the path to adoption, investment-oriented policies must surmount three distinct hurdles to future-oriented state action: a problem of electoral risk, rooted in the scarcity of voter attention; a problem of prediction, deriving from the complexity of long-term policy effects; and a problem of institutional capacity, arising from interest groups' preferences for distributive gains over intertemporal bargains. Testing this argument through a four-country historical analysis of pension policymaking, the book illuminates crucial differences between the causal logics of distributive and intertemporal politics and makes a case for bringing trade-offs over time to the center of the study of policymaking.
When the Waves Ruled Britannia
Authors: Scott Jonathan
Published: June 2012

How did a rural and agrarian English society transform itself into a mercantile and maritime state? What role was played by war and the need for military security? How did geographical ideas inform the construction of English – and then British – political identities? Focusing upon the deployment of geographical imagery and arguments for political purposes, Jonathan Scott's ambitious and interdisciplinary study traces the development of the idea of Britain as an island nation, state and then empire from 1500 to 1800, through literature, philosophy, history, geography and travel writing. One argument advanced in the process concerns the maritime origins, nature and consequences of the English revolution. This is the first general study to examine changing geographical languages in early modern British politics, in an imperial, European and global context. Offering a new perspective on the nature of early modern Britain, it will be essential reading for students and scholars of the period.
A Life-Centered Approach to Bioethics
Authors: Johnson Lawrence E.
Published: June 2012

Approaches bioethics on the basis of a conception of life and what is needed for the affirmation of its quality in the most encompassing sense. Johnson applies this conception to discussions of controversial issues in bioethics including euthanasia, abortion, cloning and genetic engineering. His emphasis is not on providing definitive solutions to all bioethical issues but on developing an approach to coping with them that can also help us deal with new issues as they emerge. The foundation of this discussion is an extensive examination of the nature of the self and its good and of various approaches to ethics. His bioethic is integrally related to his well-known work on environmental philosophy. The book also applies these principles on an individual level, offering a user-friendly discussion of how to deal with ethical slippery slopes and how and where to draw the line when dealing with difficult questions of bioethics.
A Course on Set Theory
Authors: Schimmerling Ernest
Published: June 2012

Set theory is the mathematics of infinity and part of the core curriculum for mathematics majors. This book blends theory and connections with other parts of mathematics so that readers can understand the place of set theory within the wider context. Beginning with the theoretical fundamentals, the author proceeds to illustrate applications to topology, analysis and combinatorics, as well as to pure set theory. Concepts such as Boolean algebras, trees, games, dense linear orderings, ideals, filters and club and stationary sets are also developed. Pitched specifically at undergraduate students, the approach is neither esoteric nor encyclopedic. The author, an experienced instructor, includes motivating examples and over 100 exercises designed for homework assignments, reviews and exams. It is appropriate for undergraduates as a course textbook or for self-study. Graduate students and researchers will also find it useful as a refresher or to solidify their understanding of basic set theory.
Poverty, War, and Violence in South Africa
Authors: Crais Clifton
Published: June 2012

Poverty and violence are issues of global importance. In Poverty, War, and Violence in South Africa, Clifton Crais explores the relationship between colonial conquest and the making of South Africa's rural poor. Based on a wealth of archival sources, this detailed history changes our understanding of the origins of the gut-wrenching poverty that characterizes rural areas today. Crais shifts attention away from general models of economic change and focuses on the enduring implications of violence in shaping South Africa's past and present. Crais details the devastation wrought by European forces and their African auxiliaries. Their violence led to wanton bloodshed, large-scale destruction of property, and famine. Crais explores how the survivors struggled to remake their lives, including the adoption of new crops, and the world of inequality and vulnerability colonial violence bequeathed. He concludes with a discussion of contemporary challenges and the threats to democracy in South Africa.
The Theology of the Book of Amos
Authors: Barton John
Published: June 2012

In modern times Amos has come to be considered one of the most important prophets, mainly for his uncompromising message about social justice. This book provides a detailed exploration of this theme and other important elements of the theology underlying the book of Amos. It also includes chapters on the text itself, providing a critical assessment of how the book came to be, the original message of Amos and his circle, which parts of the book may have been added by later scribes, and the finished form of the book. The author also considers the book's reception in ancient and modern times by interpreters as varied as rabbis, the Church Fathers, the Reformers and liberation theologians. Throughout, the focus is on how to read the book of Amos holistically to understand the organic development of the prophet's message through the many stages of the book's development and interpretation.
History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Death of Elizabeth
Authors: Froude James Anthony
Published: June 2012

James Anthony Froude (1818–94), historian and disciple of Carlyle, published this twelve-volume history of the English Reformation between 1858 and 1870. The work is shaped by Froude's firm belief that the Reformation enabled the development of modernity and the rise of 'progressive intelligence' in England. His polemical stance was criticised by some historians, but his engaging narrative style and elegant prose made his work extremely popular with the general public, and the books were highly influential. The first six volumes consider the course of the Reformation from the break with Rome until the accession of Elizabeth I in 1558, and the remaining six recount the reign of Elizabeth I, ending with the defeat of the Spanish Armada. Volume 6 covers the reign of Queen Mary, her marriage to Philip of Spain and her efforts to restore Catholicism to England.
Concurrent Programming
Authors: Snow C. R.
Published: June 2012

This textbook is designed as a first book on concurrent programming for computer science undergraduates, and provides a comprehensive introduction to the problems of concurrency. Concurrency is of vital importance in many areas of computer science, particularly in operating systems. It is also increasingly being taught in undergraduate courses. The book builds on the student's familiarity with sequential programming in a high level language, which will make it very accessible to computer science students. The book is concerned mainly with the high level aspects of concurrency, which will be equally applicable to traditional time sliced or more recent truly parallel systems.
Vico: The First New Science
Authors: Vico Gianbattista
Published: June 2012

The First New Science gives a clear account of Vico's mature philosophy: the belief that certain functions which are necessary for the maintenance of human society and culture, including philosophy, also condition them historically. This challenges the traditional view that philosophy can lay claim to an historically independent viewpoint, thus bringing into question the legitimacy of the claims of universal prescriptive political theories as against the de facto political beliefs of particular historical societies. This is the first of Vico's later major books in which he wrote in Italian in order not merely to expound but to demonstrate in practice, his conception of the philosophical importance of etymology. This 2002 Cambridge Texts edition is the first complete English translation of the 1725 text. Accompanied by a glossary, bibliography, chronology of Vico's life and expository introduction, it makes this important work accessible to students for the first time.