bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The senses of illative and lative case in the Mordvin languages
Authors: Erkkilä Riku
Published: November 2022

Abstract. In this paper, I study the difference between the two goal-cases of the Mordvin languages, namely, the illative and the lative. A spatial case system with two productive goal-cases but only one case for each of the other spatial relations (i.e., location, source, and path) is a rare phenomenon in languages. To explain thissituation, I study the semantics of the cases. I analyze the senses of the two cases, i.e., I study what meanings are expressed by them, and compare the semantic structures of the cases. Both of the cases are used to express mostly the same senses, but the frequencies of the senses differ between the cases. To explain this, I employ the concept of specificity. Specificity refers to the phenomenon where a relation between Trajectorand Landmark is conceptualized as either more or less specific. The comparison of the semantics of the two cases reveals that the illative is used with more and the lative with less specific conceptualizations.In this paper, I study the difference between the two goal-cases of the Mordvin languages, namely, the illative and the lative. A spatial case system with two productive goal-cases but only one case for each of the other spatial relations (i.e., location, source, and path) is a rare phenomenon in languages. To explain this situation, I study the semantics of the cases. I analyze the senses of the two cases, i.e., I study what meanings are expressed by them, and compare the semantic structures of the cases. Both of the cases are used to express mostly the same senses, but the frequencies of the senses differ between the cases. To explain this, I employ the concept of specificity. Specificity refers to the phenomenon where a relation between Trajector and Landmark is conceptualized as either more or less specific. The comparison of the semantics of the two cases reveals that the illative is used with more and the lative with less specific conceptualizations.

Kokkuvõte. Riku Erkkilä: Illatiivi ja latiivi tähendused mordva keeltes. Käesolevas töös uurin erinevusi mordva keelte kahe sihikääne ehk illatiivi ja latiivi vahel. Kohakäänete süsteem, kus on kaks produktiivset sihikäänet, kuid ainult üks kääne teiste kohasuhete väljendamiseks, on maailma keeltes tavaliselt haruldane nähtus. Selle olukorra selgitamiseks uurin käänete semantikat. Analüüsin, milliseid tähendusi käänded väljendavad, ja võrdlen käänete semantilisi struktuure. Mõlemaid käändeid kasutatakse enamasti samademõtete väljendamiseks, aga mõtete sagedused on käänete vahel erinevad. Selle selgitamiseks kasutan spetsiifilisuse mõistet. Spetsiifilisus viitab nähtusele, kus trajektori ja orientiiri vaheline seos kontseptualiseeritakse kas enam või vähem spetsiifilisena. Käänete semantika võrdlusest selgub, et illatiivikasutatakse spetsiifilisemate ja latiivi vähem spetsiifiliste kontseptualisatsioonidega.
Acute hepatic porphyria - classification, diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Czekaj Aleksandra , Ruszel Kinga , Dubel Robert , Dubel Julia , Namroży Natalia
Published: November 2022

Porphyrias belong to the group of inherited metabolic diseases. Each of the four types of acute hepatic porphyria is caused by a different mutation in the gene of an enzyme involved in the heme biosynthetic pathway. The literature distinguishes between: Acute Intermittent Porphyria (AIP), Hereditary Coproporphyria (HCP), Variegate Porphyria (VP) and Aminolevulinic Dehydratic ADP (ADP) deficiency. -deficient Porphyria). Deficiency of individual enzymes leads to ineffective heme production and accumulation of neurotoxic intermediates - the so-called porphyrins. Two excess metabolites are of major importance in diagnostics - ALA (amionolevulinic acid) and PBG (porphobilinogen). In most cases, the activity of the less functional enzyme is so high that the disease never becomes apparent (latent form). Excessive accumulation of porphyrin precursors is associated with exposure to porphyrinogenic factors, leading to a seizure whose symptoms are closely related to autonomic, peripheral neuropathy, and accompanying neuropsychiatric disorders. In diagnostics, particular attention should be paid to the circumstances of the symptoms and the history of the patient's disease, which often includes numerous episodes of unexplained abdominal pain, which was so severe that it forced the patient to report to emergency departments. A severe attack of porphyria is a medical emergency and requires hospitalization. Failure to diagnose or properly treat it may result in flaccid tetraplegia, respiratory failure, brain edema, coma, and sudden circulation detention.
The state of ensuring physical self-development of girls – future officers during their studying at the military academy
Authors: Sliusarchuk Victor
Published: November 2022

Studied the state of solving the problem of physical education, associated with the physical self-development of girls during their studying at the military academy. The purpose of the study was to determine the state of the solution to the scientific problem associated with the implementation of girls –future officers of physical self-development during training. The aim of the study was to determine the state of the science problem of physical development of girls – future officers during their studying at the military academy. Over 40 sources of information were studied using various search engines, keywords and taken into consideration the year of their release. It was found that at the present stage, the available studies are not considering the issues of ensuring the physical self-development of girls– future officers during their studying at the military academy. In a practical aspect of formation of readiness of girls – future officers for physical self-development of studying in military academy and during their professional activity up till now have not been attention by teachers of physical education with the exception of a few hours of theoretical and methodological training during such lessons. To some extent, the results of psychological and pedagogical research on personal self-development can help solve this problem.
The use of molecular genetic technologies for the implementation of sports selection and provision of training-competitive process in rowing
Authors: Zukow Walery , Kozyrev Andrey , Gozhenko Anatoliy
Published: November 2022

The question of the promise of application of molecular genetic technologies in rowing sports is considered. The main directions that can be used for sports orienteering and selection, and after their completion, are provided for providing high-level training-competitive process at the level of the sport.
Starting and running speed on the example of football clubs from Berlin
Authors: Kalinowski Paweł , Jerszyński Damian , Nowakowska Monika , Pietranis Dariusz
Published: November 2022

Currently, football is one of the most popular disciplines in the world. In the country of four-time World Champions, it is the most popular sport in which millions of fans and players are engaged. The German Bundesliga belongs to the Top 4 football leagues in Europe. Constant development of the discipline improves the training process. Shaping and developing selected motor skills seems to be necessary in modern training. In previous studies, many researchers emphasize the importance of motion speed in football. Nevertheless, the research conducted on a group of players of one German team in the 2017/2018 season raised some doubts.               Therefore, the study attempts to expand research and determine the relationship between start speed and running speed and the effectiveness of football games of German teams.              The research subject was 83 footballers from German clubs Berliner TSC and BSC Eintracht Südring Berlin. The results of studies carried out in Berlin in the 2017/2018 and 2018/2019 seasons were analyzed. The take-off speed in 5 m race, 20 m run speed was measured, and the players' effectiveness during the game was modified using the competent referee method. The test results were statistically processed in the Statistica 13.3 program. Descriptive statistics (X), minimum (min), maximum (max) and standard deviations (SD) statistics were performed and a correlation coefficient was determined.              In studies on an increased research group, no significant statistical relationship was found between motion speed and the effectiveness of German players' game.
The relation between emotional quotients (EQ) towards physical education performance in junior high school in Yogyakata
Authors: Sulistiya Febri , Komarudin Komarudin
Published: November 2022

AbstractThis research aims to know the relation between Emotional quotients toward the performance of physical education for Junior High schooler. The researcher used correlational method with regression approach. Based on Komasis, the regress equation that obtained is Y = 0,03 X1 + 2,708 with coefficient of determination (R) 0,0745. It means that 7,45% physical education performances are affected by emotional quotient. Meanwhile, the other 92,55% affected by other factors that will not discussed in this research. Based on the research, the researcher concluded that emotional quotient has a significant role in physical education performance.Keywords: Emotional Quotient (EQ), Study Performance
Eating habits in students with sports specialization
Authors: Juříková Jana
Published: November 2022

University studies with its increased psychological demands on all students in comparison to secondary schooling causes changes in their eating habits. Moreover, university degree programmes with sports focus may also be associated with increased physical load of students.              This work investigates students´ dietary habits at the Faculty of Sports Studies of Masaryk University in Brno (Czech Republic) using a questionnaire survey. 80 persons (45 men and 35 women) were randomly selected to participate in the survey. The average age of respondents was 20.18 years for men and 20.56 years for women. The average BMI was 24.48 for men and 22.01 for women. All subjects were found in the normal weight range according to BMI.              The findings of the questionnaire survey showed that while men typically (49.8%) eat 5 times a day, most women consume (65.7%) 4 daily meals. Furthermore, the frequency of consumption of main meals, i.e. breakfast, lunch and dinner, was examined. It is gratifying to find that most students - both men (66.7%) and women (65.7%) have breakfast daily, which is in agreement with nutritional recommendations. Lunch is considered the most important meal of the day. Lunch is also consumed by most respondents daily - the answers are the same as the answers to the previous question: 66.7% of men and 65.7% of women said that they have lunch daily. Concerning the consumption of dinners, most men (again 66.7%) have dinner daily, most women (34.3%) have dinner daily and the same number (34.3%) have dinner most days of the week, but not daily. Regarding the amount of fluids, most men (51.1%) reported that they drink 1.5-2 litres of fluids daily, while most women (66.7%) reported that they drink 2-3 litres of fluids daily. These results are related to the difficulty of various sport activities during the day.
Management analysis of the Indonesian National Lawn Bowls Team at the 2018 Asian Para Games
Authors: Fitriawan Chandra Febriyan , Doewes Muchsin , Purnama Sapta Kunta
Published: November 2022

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the management of Lawn Bowls Indonesia's national team. This research is a qualitative and descriptive study. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and document analysis. The data validity technique uses two triangulation techniques, namely data triangulation and method triangulation. Data analysis was carried out in four stages namely: data collection stage, data reduction stage, data presentation stage, conclusion drawing stage. The results showed that the management role of Lawn Bowls was already good. This has been proven in the application of the four main functions in management including Planning, Organizing, Directing, Controlling. The condition of the infrastructure owned by Lanw Bowls Indonesia is good even though the field does not meet the standards. Lawn Bowls Indonesia coaches have done a good job as a trainer. Lawn Bowls Indonesia coaches also prioritize discipline towards athletes or players. Aside from being a motivator for athletes to always be diligent in practicing, maintaining body condition and stamina as well as the drive to continue to excel. The source of coaching funds is still supported by the Ministry of Youth and Sports through the Indonesian National Paralympic Committee (NPC). The nutrition law for Indonesian bowls has been fulfilled. This is because the athlete's diet has been prepared and controlled directly by Lawn Bowls Indonesia's management. Meeting energy needs through carbohydrate consumption, through protein consumption and through fat consumption. Lawn Bowls Indonesia's Achievements In the event, the Lawn Bowls sports branch won 15 medals consisting of 5 gold, 4 silver, 6 bronze. It has been proven that Lawn Bowls Indonesia is ranked 2nd in the 2018 Asian Paragames event in Jakarta.Keywords: Management, Indonesian National Lawn Bowls, Asian Para Games
Heart muscle dysfunction during physical activity – biochemical response of muscle tissue
Authors: Żołądkiewicz Katarzyna , Brzezińska Paulina , Żakowiecki Jacek
Published: November 2022

In order to achieve the goal of completing a marathon run, athletes who make this effort are on the verge of their endurance. The marathon run is a serious challenge for many regulatory and homeostasis systems. During exercise, dehydration, hyperthermia and the synergistic effect of both stressors occur, reduce the stroke volume of the heart and thus blood flow to the muscles, skin and brain. Such intense effort releases markers of heart damage. Their presence is influenced by many factors. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge regarding to effect of intensive physical activity on heart muscle functioning and biochemical response during this type of response. This type of revive could lead to better understanding of this process and propose protective methods during this type of response.
Adaptation, integration and acculturation of foreign athletes in sports organizations in Romania and France
Authors: Lovin Daniel , Căpățînă Alexandru , Moreau Denis Bernardeau
Published: November 2022

We live in an increasingly globalized and culturally diverse society, in which individuals with different cultural backgrounds, different education, different personalities and different values must work together and achieve optimal results. Moreover, these cultural differences are noticeable even within a group of people of the same nationality. At the same time, lately there are more and more bicultural individuals, who belong simultaneously to different cultures. Nowadays, sport has an enormous impact on society, being an extremely popular phenomenon on a global scale and which has become a business in which huge sums are spent. Sport can have both a unifying effect, bringing together different individuals, but at the same time it can emphasize cultural differences and deep ethnic differences. All these arguments justify the increased interest in multiculturalism in general, and in multiculturalism in sport in particular. Using SPSS software, this study proposes a quantitative comparative analysis of how the country in which athletes evolve, namely Romania and France, influences adaptation, self-confidence, team integration and market share of athletes.
Nutritional behaviour of (Non-)eSports players – a comparative study
Authors: Huth Christopher
Published: November 2022

Demand for eSports has generated considerable attention from the sport, event, and entertainment industries. However, time is spent playing and watching the computer games and is not related to physical activity. The aim of this study is to focus on nutritional behaviour between persons who practice eSports and those who do not practice eSports. A standardized questionnaire was implemented and, in total, 339 completed questionnaires were generated. The results show that participants who are not playing eSports games are significant healthier, doing more sports, are older, have higher incomes, eat more fruits and vegetables, but drink more caffeine and alcohol. In summary, the study shows that playing eSports games tend to have a negative impact on a healthy and sporting lifestyle.
Management of disabilities athletes sport branch sitting volleyball
Authors: Ismail Taufik , Sugiyanto . , Purnama Sapta Kunta
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the management of athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball. The research method used is an interpretive study research on the Coaching Activities of Athletes with Disabilities in the Indonesian National Pelatnas Volleyball Sports Branch in Surakarta. The population of this study were athletes, coaches and administrators of the Indonesian NPC. The data collection techniques used by the researcher are active observation, interviews, and documentation analysis. In this study, researchers used two triangulation techniques, namely data triangulation and method triangulation. The data validity technique used triangulation technique. Data analysis was carried out in four stages, namely: the data collection stage, the data reduction stage, the data presentation stage, and the conclusion drawing stage. The results showed that the athletes in the seated volleyball sport were quite good. Communication between athletes, administrators and coaches is very good because they always approach each other emotionally. Coaches in coaching athletes with disabilities in the Indonesian seated volleyball sport must have a minimum national license. The condition of good facilities and infrastructure will provide convenience in the process of coaching athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball. The funding system for the coaching of athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball from the Ministry of Youth and Sports as a whole with the financial system set for coaching athletes with disabilities in sitting volleyball from the APBN budget. The implementation of the training method for coaching athletes with disabilities in the seated volleyball sport is well programmed. This can be seen from the preparation of a written training program, the training schedule is in accordance with the national level training schedule, the division of short-term periodization, medium-term periodization, and long-term periodization.Keywords: Management, Athletes Disabilities, Sitting Volleyball
The effectiveness of health-recreating programme of rock-climbing activities for 9-year-old children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders
Authors: Kadiyeva Margaryta , Blagii Oleksandra
Published: November 2022

The results of theoretical generalization and practical solution of the issue regarding increase of the effectiveness of health-recreating activities for children of primary school age with attention deficit hyperactivity disorders are described in this article.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the health-recreating activities programme for children of 9 to 10 years of age attention deficit hyperactivity disorders, using rock climbing. 
Methods and organization of the study. The following methods were used: theoretical analysis of special scientific and methodological literature; anthropometric and pedagogical techniques; and the methods of mathematical statistics. Children of the primary school age (9-year-olds, 26 children in total) took part in this study. Duration of the programme – 9 months. In each group, the activities were held 3 times a week, lasting 60 minutes. Among other methods, apart from rock climbing, were used the series of playing activities on the rock-climbing wall: relay races, physical activities, quests, role-play games with plot. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test(W-test) was used for the qualitative analysis of statistical data and for identifying reliable changes.
Results. At the end of pedagogical experiment, reliable changes (р<0,05; р<0,001) happened in indicators, which characterized total body size. Positive influence of rock climbing was reflected in decrease of overweight children. Probable changes (р<0.001) appeared in indicators, which characterized the work of cardiovascular and respiratory systems. Under the influence of recreating rock-climbing activities for the children of primary school age (9-year-olds) reliable changes happened (р<0.001) in indicators, which characterized strength, flexibility and agility. Significant positive changes determined in indicators, which reflected the level of physical health and physical preparedness.
The COVID-19 Lockdown and Players’ Match Statistics in Serie A
Authors: Metelski Adam
Published: November 2022

Purpose: In March 2020, most sports competitions around the world were suspended, ended, or canceled. As a result of the COVID-19 lockdown, citizens and athletes from many countries had to stay at home. It was a very unusual break for athletes and it caused a lot of discussion how it could affect the performance of professional players. This study aims to check how the lockdown due to COVID-19 affected the players’ match statistics in the premier Italian football league – Serie A. The Italian league was chosen deliberately because this country was particularly hard hit by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.Design/methodology/approach: Five-fixture rounds played after the restart (since 20th June 2020) of the 2019/2020 season were analyzed and compared with the five-fixture rounds immediately preceding the lockdown (played in February and March). In this way, it was possible to check whether the break in the games and training had significant impact in the initial period after return to play. Findings: The results indicate that the players, in general, managed to stay in good overall shape during the lockdown, but when competition resumed, they attempted much fewer dribbles and tackles.Research and practical limitations/implications: The research focuses on the Italian league. The influence of Covid-19 on sport and society varied from country to country. As a result, lockdown in particular regions could have had different impacts.Originality/value: The value of the study is a description of the significance of a not-expected break in competition and training for the statistics of football players and thus the quality of football games.
An image of a man in a sports advertisement
Authors: Kończak Jarosław
Published: November 2022

Sport is an attractive business platform for communication not only with customers, but also with all stakeholders. It can be observed not only in advertising communication of the producers operating on the broadly understood sports market, sponsors or companies using ambush marketing. It is also used in brand marketing by companies which, despite their lack of connotation with sport, willingly benefit from a number of sports attributes, values and connotations.

The study aims to present the image of a man in marketing communication based on sports motives. The selected aspects subjected to analysis will help to define the role of a man in advertising sports communication and verify the declarations of the companies that pursue their goals using this level of communication. The author analysed selected advertising campaigns (audio-video format) containing sports accents. Communications of 1,270 advertisements representing 254 brands were analysed. The analysis covered six different areas: image and product advertising, share of sports disciplines, sports accessories, the man's attitude, an area of the sports involvement, and the valued presented.

The analysis showed that the man presented in a sports advertisement is multidimensional, just as sport is. Traditional areas connotated with sport, such as competition and team support, are not the only ones to penetrate the advertising’s contents. While the former area is very common in general, this is one of the least frequently used sports motives. Much more often, sport appears as an element to build man’s identity, his inner strength, heroic spirit. The sport spirit and values underlying such an identity appears to be more important than most of the sport disciplines presented in advertisements. Exception to the rule is football, which continues to be the number one, regardless of whether it concerns the man’s image promoted by a male sports star or by an anonymous man.
The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Football – Fan Loyalty
Authors: Girsang Zefanya
Published: November 2022

This study aims to determine the practical social media marketing activities to grow the loyalty of football club fans in Indonesia. Furthermore, this study analyzes social media marketing activities and what characteristics in social media marketing activities that can significantly increase fan loyalty. The benefit of this research is to find an appropriate and effective model of social media marketing activity for a football club to maintain and even increase the loyalty of its fans to the club. This study uses a qualitative approach, where the data obtained from the questionnaire is then processed through multiple linear regression analysis, so it can be concluded that the influence of social media on the loyalty of football club fans. This study found that social media marketing activities consist of four characteristics: entertainment, engagement, trendiness, and customization have a positive influence on fan loyalty. In addition, it was also found that social media marketing activities with engagement characteristics were the activities with the most substantial positive influence on significantly increasing fan loyalty.
Understanding Distributed Leadership and Insights for Chinese Educational Institutions in the Context of Digital Transformation: A Literature Review
Authors: Zeng Xiuzhen , Tong Wanting , Li Yaxin
Published: November 2022

When education across all levels, is no exception for meeting the needs of industry 4.0 and the new demand of the digital economy and society, distributed leadership is an effective reform strategy for organization's transition to digital transformation. 174 articles related to distributed leadership were selected from eight core-international journals in the field of educational leadership and management with an average h-index of 45, and 64 articles with the keywords of distributed leadership published in the CSSCI and core journals were found. The 248 articles in total were reviewed for analysis with three aspects (research themes and theories; research methodology and analytical methods; discovery and revelation) which were synthesized from the systematic conceptual framework of literature review by Hallinger (2013,2014), the research conclusion frameworks by Bennett et al. (2003) and Tian et al. (2016). The literature review was conducted on four aspects (who, why, what and how) for knowing which most scholars are concerned and for informing educational institutions with insights on distributed leadership for future development.
Can preservice physical educators’ implicit attitude toward students with disabilities be changed by adapted physical education training program? Based on an Implicit Association Test
Authors: Li Yun , Tan Qinyi
Published: November 2022

Purpose: Aim to explore whether preservice physical educators’ implicit attitude toward students with disabilities could be improved by a mid-term adapted physical education training program.

Design: A randomized and controlled trial was deployed in the current experiment. Subjects were randomly divided into two groups (Experimental group and control group) after the pre-test of IAT. Post-test IAT was conducted for two groups after the training program for the experimental group.

Findings: Chinese preservice physical educators’ implicit attitudes toward students with disabilities were negative. They also had a prejudice against students with disabilities. But the implicit attitudes toward students with disabilities could be improved by mid-term adapted physical education training. Furthermore, gender and contact experience with disabilities had no significant influence on the change in their implicit attitude.
The effectiveness of an educational program offered in swimming and its effect on improving the attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in autistic children
Authors: Harbach Brahim , Sifi Belkacem , Zabchi Noureddine , Mokrani Djamel
Published: November 2022

The study aims to know the effect of an educational program in the ABCs of swimming on the improvement of the indicator of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in autistic children, and to answer this problem, we used a case study approach 10 children aged 4–10 years old who had been diagnosed with both autism spectrum disorder and ADHD by outside psychologists, and the duration of the swimming educational program lasted ten weeks with two lessons per week. As a study tool, we relied on the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Scale (Essalem, 2020) with an emphasis on the attention part, and after analyzing the data, we concluded that the autistic child improved most of the indicators under study and this is confirmed by other studies in the same specialty, and that is why he recommends Researchers should swim regularly for autistic children.
“Let Me Get Back to You”—A Machine Learning Approach to Measuring NonAnswers
Authors: Barth Andreas , Mansouri Sasan , Wöbbeking Fabian
Published: November 2022

Using a supervised machine learning framework on a large training set of questions and answers, we identify 1,364 trigrams that signal nonanswers in earnings call questions and answers (Q&A). We show that this glossary has economic relevance by applying it to contemporaneous stock market reactions after earnings calls. Our findings suggest that obstructing the flow of information leads to significantly lower cumulative abnormal stock returns and higher implied volatility. As both our method and glossary are free of financial context, we believe that the measure is applicable to other fields with a Q&A setup outside the contextual domain of financial earnings conference calls.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Supplemental Material: The data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4597 .
Contracting for Product Support Under Information Asymmetry
Authors: Li Dong , Mishra Nishant , Netessine Serguei
Published: November 2022

In after-sales product support, both literature and practice have highlighted the advantages of paying for performance under performance-based contracts (PBC) over the more traditional transaction-based contracts (TBC) that tie supplier payments to each repair incident. Although PBC is believed to better align incentives in the supply chain when the supplier’s private effort is difficult to verify, emerging technologies can make the repair process more transparent, which can eliminate the supplier’s moral hazard problem. Meanwhile, fast growth of service outsourcing for established products makes information asymmetry with regards to product failure rates a new challenge for maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) operations. To analyze this changing environment, we build a stylized adverse selection model and explore which contract is more efficient in dealing with information asymmetry. We assume that equipment failure rates are only known by the customer, whose outside options are type dependent. The uninformed supplier has to design appropriate mechanisms to overcome the disadvantages of this information structure while maximizing profits. We show that the two contracts demonstrate different screening ability, and TBC may be preferred over PBC. Type-dependent outside options can lead to countervailing incentives, making PBC immune to information asymmetry and enabling it to achieve the first-best outcome. When the differential of outside options has a relatively stronger effect compared with the differential of failure rates, TBC can bring the supplier a higher ex ante payoff than PBC. Our paper brings to light a heretofore unknown advantage of TBC, and we demonstrate when these contracts are likely to be observed in the third-party MRO market.

This paper was accepted by Vishal Gaur, operations management.

Funding: This work was supported by the Fishman-Davidson Center at the Wharton School, Erasmus Research Institute of Management, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 71801228].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.4606 .
Convergence of Finite Memory Q Learning for POMDPs and Near Optimality of Learned Policies Under Filter Stability
Authors: Kara Ali Devran , Yüksel Serdar
Published: November 2022

In this paper, for partially observed Markov decision problems (POMDPs), we provide the convergence of a Q learning algorithm for control policies using a finite history of past observations and control actions, and consequentially, we establish near optimality of such limit Q functions under explicit filter stability conditions. We present explicit error bounds relating the approximation error to the length of the finite history window. We establish the convergence of such Q learning iterations under mild ergodicity assumptions on the state process during the exploration phase. We further show that the limit fixed point equation gives an optimal solution for an approximate belief Markov decision problem (MDP). We then provide bounds on the performance of the policy obtained using the limit Q values compared with the performance of the optimal policy for the POMDP, in which we also present explicit conditions using recent results on filter stability in controlled POMDPs. Whereas there exist many experimental results, (i) the rigorous asymptotic convergence (to an approximate MDP value function) for such finite memory Q learning algorithms and (ii) the near optimality with an explicit rate of convergence (in the memory size) under filter stability are results that are new to the literature to our knowledge.

Funding: This research was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) of Canada.
Pricing Under Uncertainty in Multi-Interval Real-Time Markets
Authors: Cho Jehum , Papavasiliou Anthony
Published: November 2022

A Novel Practical Stochastic Pricing Model for Multi-Interval Real-Time Markets

Practical implementations of economic dispatch with associated pricing systems are crucial for operating electricity markets. Because of the high volatility caused by the increasing integration of renewable energy, consideration of the underlying stochastic problem is becoming more important than ever. It is a challenge to incorporate the uncertain nature of real-time operations into an already complex multi-interval dynamic problem with intertemporal constraints. Because solving a standard multi-stage stochastic programming problem is too burdensome in terms of calculation time for real-time markets, it has been standard practice in electricity markets to use a deterministic approximation with varying degrees of look-ahead. Cho and Papavasiliou, in their article “Pricing Under Uncertainty in Multi-Interval Real-Time Markets”, introduced a practical alternative method for pricing under uncertainty in multi-interval real-time markets. Using slightly different stochastic formulations, these authors propose an approach that preserves the attractive features from both the deterministic formulation (simpler calculation) and the standard stochastic formulation (better performance).
From The Editors Desk…
Authors: Patra Satya Ranjan
Published: November 2022

Our editorial team has always endeavoured not just to improve the quality of the manuscripts but also to help the authors improve their writing skills. Depending upon the type of manuscript we recommend standard guidelines like the CONSORT, PRISMA, STROBE, CARE and STARD. We also recommend IMRaD format while writing the manuscript. The Introduction, which is around 3-4 paragraphs, should be structured from generalities to the specific elaborating what the shortcomings are in published literature and what void the current research would fill. The authors must understand that the “aim” is the broader intent, while the “objectives” are the more specific steps which one plans to achieve. The Material and Methods section needs to be detailed to such an extent that any researcher planning to replicate the study can do so with accuracy. In this section, the study design, the study setting, inclusion and exclusion criteria, sample size, interventions, outcome measures and statistics are elaborated. The results section provides outcome data about primary and secondary measures as well as the contrast between groups wherever applicable. Avoid presenting same result data in multiple formats as well as interpreting the results in this section. The discussion part compares the results with existing literature, analyses the strengths and limitations of the study and at the same time explain the practical implications as well as future research directions. Finally, at the end a summary of the concluding findings should be provided and whether they support your initial research hypothesis. Last but not the least, the author must remember the criticality of the abstract. Most reviewers and editors as well as readers base their initial judgement based on this short paragraph. Structured abstracts are preferred with relevant subsections. Authors must understand the significance of keywords, MeSH terms as well as how to do proper referencing. Writing medical literature is an art which needs to be groomed at an early stage. Competency develops as one writes more & more. We hope this editorial will help authors understand how to ensure that their article is selected, printed, and finally appreciated by the readers. We end this editorial with a remembrance to a few of our dearest fellow Orthopaedicians whose demise shall leave a lasting void in Odisha Orthopaedics. Dr Prabhakar Mohanty, Dr Bijay Kumar Sadangi, Dr Binay Aggarwal and Dr Smarajit Pattnaik will always be in our cherished memories. Dr Satya Ranjan Patra Editor – In – Chief
A Retrospective Analysis of Functional and Radiological Outcome of Different Modalities of Treatment of Fracture of Distal Radius
Authors: Majhi Soumendra Kumar
Published: November 2022

Background: Fractures of the distal radius remain the most common fractures approximately one-sixth of all fractures treated in emergency departments. There are three main peaks of fracture distribution: the first peak is in children ages 5 to 14, the second is in males under age 50 and the third peak is in females over the age of 40 years. Risk factors are – decreased bone mineral density, female gender, ethnicity, heredity & early menopause have all been shown to be risk factors for this injury. The outcome of these fractures is not uniformly good regardless the treatment instituted. A thorough understanding of the anatomy & biomechanics of the wrist is a prerequisite when treating these lesions. There is a strict relationship between the quality of anatomical reconstruction & the long-term functional outcome. No single treatment is the solution for every type of fracture in every kind of patient. Based on the functional anatomy, we analyze the actual treatment possibilities & try to develop strategies in the choice of treatment for different fracture types in different patient groups. Materials and Methods: 92 Patients with extra-articular distal radius fractures were studied retrospectively. 30 were treated with conservative management and 62 with surgical management. Out of 62 cases treated surgically, 11 were managed by Plate osteosynthesis, 27 with Ligamentotaxis with External fixator & 24 with K wire fixation using Kapandji method at Department of Orthopaedics, Sri Rama Chandra Bhanja Medical College and Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, since July 2018 to November 2020. Results: The association of individuals anatomical parameters with the functional results was measured by Chi-square test of association and Odds ratio with the criteria of Stewart et al. taken as base line for comparison. This study showed a significant association of dorsal angulation < 10° and loss of radial inclination of < 9° with functional results, P < 0.001 also with loss of radial height < 6 mm, P < 0.001 (0.005). On reviewing literature only few articles were found determining values of individual radiological parameters for better functional outcome specially Smilovic et al. (2003) and few of them noted which parameters affect the function most but not determining the values for them. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in the functional outcome of conservative treatment in comparison to various surgical modalities namely plate osteosynthesis, ligamentotaxis and k wire reduction with Kapandji method in case of extra articular and partial articular fractures of distal radius. Therefore, we cannot generalize one treatment method for all fracture patterns and treatment should be individualized to a particular fracture. Keywords: Distal radius fracture, Radiological outcome, Functional outcome
Short Term Analysis of the Functional and Radiological Outcome of Distal Femoral Fractures Fixed with Locking Compression Plate by Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO) Technique
Authors: Baskey Sidheswar
Published: November 2022

Background: Fractures of distal femur are very complex injuries and there is significant difficulty to manage. These injuries are severe and have a potential to produce long term disability. These fractures often are unstable and comminuted and tend to occur in elderly or multiply-injured patients. The fractures of distal femur account for 7% of all femoral fractures. If Hip fractures are excluded, 31% of fractures involve the distal femur. The fractures involving distal 15 cm of femur including distal femoral metaphysis (supracondylar) and articular surface (intercondylar) are classified as distal femur fractures [1]. Distal femur fractures exhibits bimodal age distribution. In young adults it occurs due to high velocity trauma like road traffic accidents. These patients often sustain multiple and compound injuries. Older patients sustain distal femur fractures mostly due to trivial fall occurring in elderly osteoporotic bone. In 1960’s most of these fractures were treated conservatively and documented better outcome than operative treatment. But with the advent of newer implants and modern techniques, these fractures are best treated with surgical stabilization. The newer modalities of treatment include minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) and Less invasive skeletal stabilization (LISS). Aim of this study: To evaluate twenty cases of distal femur fractures fixed with locking compression plate by minimally invasive plate osteosynthesis (MIPO) technique in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at SCB Medical College and Hospital, Odisha between July 2018 to November 2020. To prospectively analyse the clinical and radiological outcome of the above procedure. Keywords: Minimally Invasive Plate Osteosynthesis (MIPO), Distal Femoral Fractures, Radiological Outcome, Locking Compression Plate
Micronutrient intake and associated factors among school adolescent girls in Meshenti Town, Bahir Dar City Administration, Northwest Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Ayal Birtukan Gizachew , Demilew Yeshalem Mulugeta , Derseh Hunegnaw Almaw , Kidie Atitegeb Abera
Published: November 2022

Background

Adolescent girls have a greater nutrient demand and their poor dietary intake is associated with micronutrient deficiencies and poor maternal outcomes. Having information on micronutrient intake inadequacy in adolescent girls is critical for promoting healthy behavior and breaking the cycle of intergenerational malnutrition. Thus, this study assessed overall micronutrient intake inadequacy and associated factors among school adolescent girls in Meshenti town of Bahir Dar City Administration, North West Ethiopia.

Methods

A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 401 adolescent girls from February 7 to 23, 2020. A Simple random sampling technique was used to select study participants. A multiple-pass 24-hour dietary recall with portion size estimation method and recommended dietary allowance cut-off point were used to assess micronutrient intake inadequacy. Overall micronutrient intake inadequacy was measured using the mean adequacy ratio. Nutrient databases were developed by ESHA FOOD PROCESSOR version 8.1 software. Data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of overall micronutrient intake inadequacy and an adjusted odds ratio at a p-value of less than 0.05 was used to see the strength of statistical association.

Results

The prevalence of overall micronutrient intake inadequacy was 44.4% (95% CI: 39.7%-49.6%). Early adolescent age (AOR: 2.75, 95% CI: 1.71–4.42), food-insecure household (1.74, 95%CI: 1.087–2.784), low dietary diversity score (AOR = 2.83, 95% CI: 1.35–5.92), and high peer pressure on eating and body concern (AOR = 1.853, 95% CI: 1.201–2.857) were significantly associated factors with overall micronutrient intake inadequacy.

Conclusion

Findings of this study revealed that micronutrient intake inadequacy among adolescent girls was a high public health problem in the study area. Therefore, attention should be given to adolescent girls of the study area, especially the ones in the early adolescent age. Interventions should also focus on nutrition-sensitive activities to address food insecurity, a less diversified diet, and the negative impact of peer influence.
Substituição das relações tabeladas de manning por funções programáveis
Authors: Cruz Barbara Ribeiro da
Published: November 2022

Neste trabalho foram modeladas equações pelo programa Curve Expert, para eliminar o trabalhoso processo de interpolações manuais da tabela das relações de Manning e assim acelerar o processo em projetos de obras de infraestrutura urbana para micro drenagem das águas pluviais e recolhimento de esgoto sanitário, ambos por gravidade. Foram modeladas três funções: V/Vp(Q/Qp), para cálculo da velocidade "V", Y/D(Q/Qp) para cálculo da lâmina "Y" e R/D(Q/Qp) para cálculo do raio hidráulico "R", três parâmetros importantes para projetos de infraestrutura, após previamente selecionado o diâmetro do tubo de linha comercial. Foram realizadas verificações numéricas, tendo como parâmetro aferidor a tabela das relações de Manning, foi selecionada a função polinomial de grau 10, que produziu um coeficiente de correlação r²-->1, atestando grande fidelidade aos modelos ajustados, além disso, foram feitas as verificações da acurácia das funções modeladas com o método de MAPE (Mean Absolute Percentual Erro), para mostrar a eficiência que ela proporciona. Os resultados se mostraram eficientes para o aferimento da velocidade (V), lâmina d’água (Y) e raio hidráulico (R) em tubulações de seção circular que operam sob pressão atmosférica, com excelente assertividade numérica. E comprovou-se que as funções encontradas são de real valor para projetistas de infraestrutura urbana.