bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attenuation of depression on sub acute administration of Terminalia bellerica fruit in tail suspension test
Authors: Manohar V R , Rai Mohandas S , kateel Ramya , aravind Aishwarya , shridar Deepthi , dsouza Floyd
Published: March 2022

Objective: The present study was undertaken to evaluate the sub acute antidepressant activity of aqueous extract of Terminalia Bellerica (AETB) fruit pulp in the tail suspension test (TST) as a model of depression in albino mice. Methods: Inbred adult male Swiss Albino mice weighing 25-30 g were divided into 5 groups of 6 animals in each. Group 1 (Control) received Gum acasia (10 ml/kg per oral), Group II received Standard drug Imipramine (10 mg/kg per oral), Group III, IV and V received the test drug AETB in doses of 9 mg/kg, 18 mg.kg and 36 mg/kg per oral respectively. All drugs were administered once daily for 10 days t. Duration of immobility was noted in the TST model. The results were analyzed using one way ANOVA with post hoc Dennett’s test. Results: The results showed significant reduction in the immobility with group IV (AETB given 18 mg/kg) and group V (AETB given 36 mg/kg) in comparison to the control group (1% Gum acacia) when subjected to TST, suggesting an antidepressant like activity. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicate the potential for use of AETB as an adjuvant in the treatment of depression.
Antioxidant activity and total phenolic content of some nuts commonly consumed in South-Western Nigeria
Authors: Ogunlade Ibiyinka , Awosanmi Ifeoluwa A. , Osukoy Olukemi A.
Published: March 2022

Improved health associated with frequent eating of nuts as one of the most unexpected nutritional discovery of the 1990s formed the basis of this study. Hence, the evaluation of some selected nuts commonly consumed as snacks in the South West of Nigeria for antioxidant activity (AA) and total phenolic content (TPC) using ferric-ion reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) assay and Folin-Coicalteau method. Results show that AA of nuts such as kola nuts (Cola acuminata; Cola nitida), coconut (Cocos nucifera), bitter kola (Garcina cola), African walnut (Plukenetia conophora), and cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) ranged from 13.0 to 53.21 µmol Trolox Equivalent/100 g dry weight while the total phenolic content ranged from 204.95 to 1955.14 mg Gallic acid Equivalent/100 g of dry sample. Statistical analysis of the relationship between AA and TPC showed a random, nonlinear relationship between the two parameters, suggesting that the antioxidant activity of the nuts is not dependent on phenolics. The result also indicates that the nuts can be utilized as scavenger/mopping agents of free radicals, which are usually generated by essential metabolic processes in the body and environmental pollutions; thereby alleviating the symptoms of chronic and degenerative diseases such as cancer, diabetes, hypertension and any other age-related diseases reported to be on the increase in developing countries.
Evaluation of antidiarrheal and antinociceptive activity of methanolic extract of Alstonia scholaris Linn. on mice models
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Shahadat , Dey Ziku Chandra , Hoque Imdadul , Bhuiyan Saddam Hossain , Banna Hasan Al
Published: March 2022

Alstonia scholaris is an indigenous medicinal plant of Bangladesh. The leaves have been used traditionally as folk remedies for the treatment of many diseases including diarrhea, dysentery, and malaria and snake bites. The ripe fruits of the plant are used in syphilis and epilepsy. It is also used as a tonic, anti-periodic, and anthelmintic. However, there was no study on whole plant extract of Alstonia scholaris. The present study designed to investigate the anti-nociceptive and anti-diarrheal activities of Alstonia scholaris on animal models at different doses such as 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Various methods also employed for investigating these activities such as castor-oil induced diarrhea, castor-oil induced enteropooling and gastrointestinal motility test, and acetic acid induced writhing test, tail immersion and hot plate methods. The diarrheal episode was inhibited by 50.79% and 57.14% for methanol extract at the doses of 200 and 400 mg/kg respectively. The extract significantly (p<0.05, p<0.01) lessened the intestinal volume (0.50 ± 0.04 ml for 200 mg/kg) and (0.47 ± 0.02 ml for 400mg/kg) for methanolic extract compared to control (0.65±0.03 ml) in castor-oil induced enteropooling and also decreased intestinal transit (55.58 – 61.12%) for methanolic extract comparable with standard (loperamide 5 mg/kg). The methanol extract of Alstonia scholaris significantly (P< 0.05 and P< 0.01) reduced the number of writhing, increased latency to flick tail in tail immersion method and elevated the mean basal reaction time in hot plate method. The results of methanolic extract showed highly significant but dose dependent anti-diarrheal and anti-nociceptive activity, which supports its use in traditional herbal medicine.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and wound healing properties of Leucas lanata Wall. ex Benth
Authors: Dixit Veena , Verma Pritt , Agnihotri Priyanka , Paliwal Ajai Kumar , Rao Chandana Venkateswara , Husain Tariq
Published: March 2022

Leucas lanata Wall. ex Benth. (Lamiaceae) is an important plant commonly known as Biskapra or Gumma and used to treat many ailments by traditional healers and local peoples. This study was designed to evaluate wound healing potential of Leucas lanata through the excision wound model and functional changes in biochemical indicators of antioxidant parameters. This study also investigated the antimicrobial as well as antioxidant activity of L. lanata. The 50% EtOH extract of L. lanata was found to contain 0.74% of phenolic and 0.21% of flavonoid content. The IC5O value was 122.56 μg/ml and reducing power increased with the increasing concentrations. The antimicrobial activity of the extract was more effective against bacterial strains compared to fungal strains. Remarkable wound healing activity was observed with the 10% (w/w) ointment of L. lanata 50% EtOH extract. In the study of uninfected wounds, epithelization period was reduced from 24.66±0.97 for the control group treated with blank ointment to 12.16±0.36 for the group treated with 10% LLEE ointment. Similarly, in case of infected wounds with Staphylococcus epidermidis, the percentage of wound contraction was significantly enhanced. Both doses of extract significantly increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, reduced glutathione when compared with the control group of infected and uninfected wound. HPLC analysis showed the presence of gallic, protocatechuic, chlorogenic, caffeic and ferulic acids. These compounds have important biological activities and responsible for antimicrobial and wound healing activity. The study provided sufficient evidences that, L. lanata might be indeed potential sources to treat many diseases.
Antiplasmodial and antidiarrhoeal activities of Dicliptera verticillata leaf extract
Authors: Ette Ettebong , Etuk E.U , Peace Ubulom , Chris Ekpenyong , Okokon J.E , Udobi C. E , Eucharia Nnadi , Idorenyin Akpan , Sifonobong Akpan , Nsikan Malachy , Susannah Attah
Published: March 2022

Dicliptera verticillata (Forssk) Ch. (Acanthaceae) (leaf) is used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of malaria and diarrhoea in Burkina Faso and among the Ibibios of southern Nigeria. This study was aimed at evaluating the antiplasmodial activities of the ethanol leaf extract of Dicliptera verticillata in Plasmodium berghei infected mice and antidiarrhoeal activity in rats. Suppressive, repository and curative tests were used in determining the antiplasmodial activities in mice following oral administration of the extract (290, 580 and 870 mg/kg). Chloroquine (5 mg/kg) and Pyrimethamine (1.2 mg/kg) were used as standard drugs. The antidiarrhoeal activity of the extract (290, 580, and 870 mg/kg) was evaluated using castor oil-induced diarrhea, fluid accumulation and intestinal transit models. Loperamide (3 mg/kg) and atropine (3 mg/kg) were used as positive controls. The extract showed a dose dependent antiplasmodial activity in the suppressive, repository and curative tests. The mean survival time of the groups treated with extract increased in a dose dependent fashion from 14.33 to 19.33 days compared to control. These results were statically significant (p<0.001) compared to the control. Also, there was a dose-dependent reduction in castor oil–induced diarrhoea and this reduction was significant (P<0.001). A significant (P<0.05 – 0.01) and dose-dependent decrease in intestinal transit and castor oil–induced fluid accumulation was observed. The antiplasmodial and antidiarrhoeal activities of the extract may be due to the presence of alkaloids, saponnins, tannins and flavonoids in the extract. The results of this study confirm the ethnobotanical use of this plant as a malarial and diarrhoeal remedy.
Fabrication, characterization and evaluation of hepatoprotective activity drug loaded flavono nanoparticle delivery system
Authors: C Senthil Kumar , Mohan. S
Published: March 2022

The liver is the second largest organ is tied to almost all the bodily processes as it is responsible for filtration and biotransformation of all incoming chemicals and fluids. Liver diseases are mainly caused by toxic chemicals, excessive intake of alcohol, infections and autoimmune disorders. Hepatotoxicity due to drug appears to be a common contributing factor. Medicinal plants are significant sources of hepatoprotective drugs and more widely used than allopathic drugs as hepatoprotective because these are usually inexpensive, better cultural acceptability, improved compatibility with the human body and minimal side effects. Flavonoids are natural products widely distributed in the plant kingdom and several Flavonoids such as quercetin, rutin, silymarin reported for their hepatoprotective activities. Nanoparticles are the submicron size particles diameter of around 200nm made up of biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers. One of the important applications of nanoparticles in medicine includes effective drug delivery system. Hence the aim of the study is to prepare single loaded Flavono polymeric nanoparticles and compare its hepatoprotective efficacy with pure drug. Flavono polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by solid dispersion method using Eutragit 100 and Sodium lauryl sulfate as a carrier and resultant nanoparticles was used for further characterization. In-vivo hepatoprotective efficacy testing was performed by ethanol induced hepatotoxicity in albino rat model evaluate the efficacy of prepared Single loaded Quercetin, Rutin and Silibinin polymeric nanoparticles in comparison with pure compound.Nanoformulation significantly elevated liver biomarker (SGPT,SGOT,ALT,ASP).The study concluded nanoparticle-assisted formulation significantly enhanced the solubility in turn it improve bioavailability in survival even toxin-induced hepatic damaged cells.
Working Conditions and Problems of Domestic Child Labour in Kathmandu Metropolitan City
Authors: Duwadi Pampha
Published: March 2022

In general, the children working in employer’s house for household work with or without wage are known as domestic child worker. Domestic child workers are seen to operate household chores such as cooking, washing, cleaning and taking care of employer families' children.

The study was conducted in Kathmandu Metropolitan city, ward no. 16 of Bagmati province in 2020. This paper aimed to highlight the social issues, primarily the working conditions of child labour in the study area. The purpose of the study was to identify the major problems faced by domestic child workers from development perspective.

The study was based primarily on both quantitative and qualitative research methods. The study revealed that employer families have appeared to involve domestic child Labour in household chores without either pay that is insufficient or without any pay as compensation. The study also found that in the name of providing them with education and promise of better life, these child labours had been misused and exploited. The long working hours and unpaid labour and merely any facilities of education and health services, child labours have been both physically and mentally abused in majority of the cases. The study also found that guardians and relatives were agents to fix the domestic child worker. The money earned by them was kept by their parents. Domestic child workers had been low paid and therefore exploited in terms of remuneration, lack basic amenities and even lack security.
Administrative Employees’ Job Satisfaction in Selected Campuses of (TU) in Kathmandu Valley: An Empirical Study
Authors: Poudel Surya Prasad
Published: March 2022

Job satisfaction is a positive feeling of employees toward their job because unsatisfied employees are quite their job. Satisfied employees are less absent, contribute to the benefit of an organization and stay in the organization. Only happy employees should enhance organizational efficiency and performance. It is a combination of psychological, physiological and environmental circumstance which derives to the person; I am satisfied with my job. It is accepted that individual differences in employee job satisfaction can be measured and managed by an organization. This study was organized to identify the variables influencing job satisfaction of administrative staffs, so the samples were taken from randomly selected campuses, TU in Kathmandu Valley.

Primary data were collected from distribution 148 structured questionnaires with six points Likert scale developed in the Job description index (JDI). Only 106 respondents’ opinions were analyzed by the bits of the help of descriptive and inferential statistical tools. The finding showed that satisfied variables are co-workers, supervisors and promotion. The satisfaction level of gender has not found different but different according to age groups.
Problems and solutions in dating Nabataean pottery of the post-annexation period
Authors: Erickson-Gini Tali
Published: March 2022

In the desert regions of the Southern Levant, the dating of Nabataean sherds and vessels is a critical factor in determining the dates of archaeological strata, architecture, and even entire sites. In recent years, archaeologists working at Petra and related sites have tended to date most Nabataean sherds and vessels to the 1st century CE based on the proposed typo-chronology of the Swiss–Liechtenstein excavations at al-Zantur in Petra, published by Stephan G. Schmid (2000). Accepted typo-chronologies must withstand scrutiny and can override imposed historical frameworks. However, an uncritical reliance on the ez-Zantur chronology has created an artificial gap in the material record of Petra and other Nabataean sites in the post-annexation period, that is to say, the 2nd and 3rd century CE. This paper provides a critique of the Nabataean fine-ware typo-chronology from ez-Zantur, based on finds from other excavations and sites, and proposes a revised chronology in which the production of Nabataean pottery, including painted and unpainted fine wares, unguentaria and lamps, continues unabated throughout the Middle Roman period until sometime in the first half of the 3rd century CE. The revised typo-chronology evinces a robust period of Nabataean culture at Petra and other related sites under Roman rule, like that found in other cities of the Roman East.
Roman pottery from the Building C4 pantry in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra
Authors: Renel François
Published: March 2022

The remains of a Nabataean private complex located west of the Roman-period apsidal building in the Qasr al-Bint area of Petra, excavated by the French archaeological team between 2005 and 2008, turned out to be reused by squatters during the Roman period. This occupation phase, one of the latest in this complex, was of a domestic nature, characterized by the installation of ovens (tawabeen) and other fireplaces, as well as the installation of a channel in the courtyard. The large assemblage of well preserved, often complete pottery vessels from the corresponding levels was dated by coins and Nabataean pottery, supported by radiocarbon datings, to the second half of the 2nd and the early 3rd century CE. Consequently, the group offers the opportunity to study a homogeneous corpus of ceramic material from a period that is not at all well documented in Petra. The repertoire includes all kinds of vessels, especially cooking pots, small storage jars and drinking vessels. In addition, a set of multi-nozzled lamps was associated with this group.
Flasks and fish
Authors: Rosenthal-Heginbottom Renate
Published: March 2022

For more than 600 years Aqaba flasks were manufactured at Aila. In the Roman, Byzantine and early Islamic periods they occur at a fair number of sites in the southern Levant, in particular in the Arava Valley and the Negev desert. A flask with fish residue was discovered in a domestic context at Petra. The residue was identified as garum prepared from Red Sea fish. The evidence for the production of fish sauce at Aila raises the question of whether flasks and fish products are interconnected. It is suggested here that the wide distribution of flasks is related to the export of garum from Aila. Admittedly, so far the suggestion is largely hypothetical; however, the importance of regional fish trade and consumption, attested at many inland sites, and the fishing facilities on the Red Sea point to a prevailing diet of fish products.
Response to Erickson-Gini’s "Problems and solutions in dating Nabataean pottery in the post-annexation period"
Authors: Wenner Sarah , Parker S. Thomas
Published: March 2022

In the late 1990s, Stephan G. Schmid published a chronological typology of Nabataean Painted Fineware (NPFW) that was widely accepted by scholars of Nabataea and Roman Arabia. Tali Erickson-Gini has since raised concerns about parts of his NPFW typology, specifically related to two decoration types dating to the end of the 1st century and the beginning of the 2nd century CE (Dekorphases 3b and 3c). This article is a response to Erickson-Gini’s critique, published in this volume. We find that there is sufficient evidence to broadly validate Schmid’s proposed dating for the beginning of production of Dekorphases 3b and 3c to the late 1st century and early 2nd century CE, respectively.
In Vitro Effect of Cholesterol and Different Sugars on Digitonin Production in Multiplied Shoots of Digitalis purpurea L. Plant
Authors: J.Awad Zainab
Published: March 2022

Production of  the steroidal saponin digitonin  in multiplied shoots of Digitalis purpurea , (var. Excelsior Mixed) has been achieved in vitro by two experiments. In the experiment 1, shoot tips ( 1cm length ) explants  from the sterilized seedlings were excised and cultured on MS medium ( Murashige and Skoog medium) supplemented with 0.5 mg/L TDZ (thidiazuron) and   cholesterol at the concentrations 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 or 4.0 mg/L. After 45 day, results showed that the treatment with 0.5 mg/L TDZ and 2.0mg/L cholesterol had a positive effected on increasing the dry weight of multiplied shoots and their production of digitonin when compared with other treatments, where this treatment gave 2.98 g  dry weight of multiplied shoots and digitonin at amount of 64.42 mg/g dry weight, while the other studied characteristics of multiplied shoots (content the total chlorophyll, soluble sugars and starch.) also this treatment had appositive effected and was gave the following values:- (3.51 mg/g fresh weight, 5.06% ,6.09% ) respectively. After that experiment 2 was carried out . The objective of this  experiment was to increase the degree of digitonin production in multiplied shoots compared with the experiment 1.Therfore in the experiment 2, we were selected supplements the best treatment of  experiment 1(0.5mg /L TDZ  and 2.0mg/ L cholesterol )  and supplemented to the MS medium with the sugars glucose, fructose, sucrose or maltose at the concentrations 30,50,70 or 90 g/L for each sugar. After 45 days results showed that the treatment with  0.5 mg/L TDZ, 2.0 mg/L cholesterol and 50g/L maltose was the best a compared with other treatments, where this treatment  gave 4.52 g dry weight of multiplied shoots and digitonin at amount  of 191.87 mg/g dry weight .  The content of multiplied shoots from the total chlorophyll, soluble sugars and starch also this treatment  gave highest values and they are 4.97 mg/g fresh weight , 5.91% and 8.30%  respectively .

Key words: Digitalis purpurea, Cholesterol, Sugars, Digitonin .
Phytochemical Study of some Flavonoids Present in the Fruits of Two Ammi L. Species Wildly Grown in Iraq
Authors: Z. Abdul-Jalil Thukaa , Saour Kawkab , Nasser Abdul- MutalibA.
Published: March 2022

Ammi species belong to the family Umbellifereae that provide a host of bioactive compounds (mainly coumarins and flavonoids) of important biological activities, like prevention and treatment of heart and vascular disease and some types of cancer. Literature survey revealed that there was no study concerning Ammi flavonoids in Iraq. Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga, which are wildly grown in Iraq, were chosen for this study. This study concerned with extraction, identification, isolation, and purification of some biologically important flavonols quercetin and kaempferol from the fruits of Ammi majus and Ammi visnaga. Extraction of these flavonols was carried out using 85% methanol and 90% ethanol. Identification of these flavonols quercetin and kaempferol was done using thin Layer chromatography (TLC) where different solvent systems had been tried. Ultra violet (UV) Light and iodine vapor where used for detection. This identification was further augmented by using high performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) and then these flavonols were isolated and purified. The most suitable extraction, isolation and purification procedures of flavonols were fully described in this study. The identification of isolated flavonols (quercetin & kaempferol) was carried out using melting point (M.P.), Thin Layer chromatography (TLC), and infrared spectroscopy (IR).This study confirms the presence of quercetin and kaempferol in Ammi majus & an Ammi visnaga fruit, the percentage of quercetin was higher in Ammi visnaga than Ammi majus, while the percentage of kaempferol was higher in Ammi majus than Ammi visnaga.

Key words :  Ammi majus , Ammi visnaga , quercetin , kaempferol .
METABOLIC CHANGES IN WOMEN AND MEN WITH TYPE 2 DM ON ISLGT-2 TREATMEN
Authors: Prybyla O.V.  , Zinych O.V.  , Kushnarova N.M.  , Kovalchuk A.V.  , Korpachev V.V  , Shuprovych A.A.  , Shyshkan-Shyshova K.O.
Published: March 2022

The use of morpho-metabolic approaches has a great practical importance in evaluation of the effectiveness of antihyperglycemic therapy in clinical  trials, in particular those related to new classes of inhibitors of sodiumdependent glucose-2 cotransporter inhibitors that have the ability to counteract many diabetic complications and cardiovascular disease. The aim of the study was to study the effect of treatment with SLGT2 inhibitors on morphological and metabolic parameters in men and women with type 2 diabetes. Materials and methods. During the study, 205 patients with type 2 diabetes, aged 30 to 81, with a disease duration of 1 to 20 years were examined. Patients underwent a clinical examination in the Department of Age Endocrinology and Clinical Pharmacology of the Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism. V.P. Komissarenko of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine. Patients received antihyperglycemic, antihypertensive and dyslipidemic therapy. Results.The study of anthropometric, morphological and biochemical parameters in groups of men and women with type 2 diabetes in the dynamics of longterm (12 month) use of iSLGT2- dapagliflozin allowed to identify certain sexual characteristics of the effects of this drug. In men group have been seen a gradual decrease in visceral fat levels during therapy. A decrease in BMI, BP, body weight and uricemia in men is most likely associated with a decrease in abdominal obesity and decreased insulin secretion. In women group use of dapagliflozin showed a significant decrease in total and visceral fat, accompanied by a decrease in relative water content, muscle and bone mass. Conclusions. Treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes with drugs of the group iSLGT2 for 12 months has reduced the degree of obesity and improved some indicators of body composition, uric acid.
PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF ZEOLITE CONTAINING GEOMIN FORTE IN THE TREATMENT OF COVID-19 AND POST COVID-19 CONDITION
Authors: Marina Giorgobiani  , Nana Gorgaslidze  , Aliosha Bakuridze  , Lasha Bakuridze  , Nodar Sulashvili
Published: March 2022

The aim of the research was to study and analyze peculiarities and prospects for the use of zeolite containing Geomin Forte in the treatment of covid-19 and post covid-19 condition. Antioxidants are substances that the human body constantly needs in order to maintain it in a normal state, which means maintaining the necessary balance between free oxidative radicals and antioxidant forces, the role of which is played by antioxidants.Vitamin E increases the body's nonspecific resistance, and by activating the synthesis of cytokines, tocopherol stimulates its own anti-inflammatory activity. The effect of vitamin E is to stimulate the reproduction of immune cells, systems that need to quickly multiply when they meet the source of a possible disease. In the body, this process is called mitogenesis.The pharmacodynamic effects of tocopherol are synergistic when combined with vitamins C and A. Retinol provides formation of immune (protective) cells, lining respiratory tract and gastrointestinal tract, serving as a natural barrier to infection. Medicine will enhance possibilities of adaptation of the organism to the changed environment, because, in many cases, it is very difficult to protect the population from the impact of the negative factor (including ionizing radiation, natural disasters, etc.) According the study results “Geomin Forte” can be used during intoxications (used as the best sorbent for food, infectious, occupational intoxications, chronic metals and chronic exposure to radiation). As well as when the functional state of the immune system is impaired and fatigue and as an adjunct for allergic diseases. The mineral zeolite (clinoptilolite), the 500 mg activated clinoptilolite "Geomin Forte" developed by us is characterized by antioxidant action. Unlike the conventional antioxidants, it stimulates the body's endogenous antioxidant system and is a direct-acting oxidoreductive agent. Its activated natural mineral zeolite (clinoptilolite) acts directly on the cell membrane as a surface-active donor of electrons.With its oxidizing effect, "Geomin Forte" is 200 times more than vitamins C and E. Used in combination with antioxidant therapy in the context of standard treatment for the following diseases: Diabetes mellitus, accelerated aging process; alzheimer's disease; parkinson's disease; endocrine pathologies; atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, hypertensive disease, stroke, rheumatism.
Usage and Gratification Aspects of Social Media Reliance among Pakistani Youth
Authors: Iqbal Ammara , Saleem Noshina
Published: March 2022

This research endeavored to discover the reasons behind widespread social media reliance among Pakistani youth. The major focus of research was to understand how the social media reliance results into such behaviors and patterns that reinforce the extensive adoption of this medium throughout society. The researcher has taken two most important aspects usage and gratification regarding the youth’s reliance on social media. Students both male and female aged 18-30 from public and private universities of metropolitan cities (Lahore, Karachi, Peshawar, Quetta, Islamabad ) Pakistan were taken. By using purposive sampling, 1000 university students were taken as sample for this study.Survey method was used for data collection and for data analysis Pearson product-moment correlation was applied to test the relationships between independent and dependent variables. Findings of the study disclosed that usage aspect was the most important for youth to had extensive social media reliance as compared to other aspects.
A taxonomy for brainstem cavernous malformations: subtypes of pontine lesions. Part 2: inferior peduncular, rhomboid, and supraolivary
Authors: Catapano Joshua S. , Rumalla Kavelin , Srinivasan Visish M. , Lawrence Peter M. , Larson Keil Kristen , Lawton Michael T.
Published: March 2022

OBJECTIVE

Part 2 of this 2-part series on pontine cavernomas presents the taxonomy for subtypes 4–6: inferior peduncular (IP) (subtype 4), rhomboid (5), and supraolivary (6). (Subtypes 1–3 are presented in Part 1.) The authors have proposed a novel taxonomy for pontine cavernous malformations based on clinical presentation (syndromes) and anatomical location (MRI findings).

METHODS

The details of taxonomy development are described fully in Part 1 of this series. In brief, pontine lesions (323 of 601 [53.7%] total lesions) were subtyped on the basis of predominant surface presentation identified on preoperative MRI. Neurological outcomes were assessed according to the modified Rankin Scale, with score ≤ 2 defined as favorable.

RESULTS

The 323 pontine brainstem cavernous malformations were classified into 6 distinct subtypes: basilar (6 [1.9%]), peritrigeminal (53 [16.4%]), middle peduncular (100 [31.0%]), IP (47 [14.6%]), rhomboid (80 [24.8%]), and supraolivary (37 [11.5%]). Subtypes 4–6 are the subject of the current report. IP lesions are located in the inferolateral pons and are associated with acute vestibular syndrome. Rhomboid lesions present to the fourth ventricle floor and are associated with disconjugate eye movements. Larger lesions may cause ipsilateral facial weakness. Supraolivary lesions present to the surface at the ventral pontine underbelly. Ipsilateral abducens palsy is a strong localizing sign for this subtype. A single surgical approach and strategy were preferred for subtypes 4–6: for IP cavernomas, the suboccipital craniotomy and telovelar approach predominated; for rhomboid lesions, the suboccipital craniotomy and transventricular approach were preferred; and for supraolivary malformations, the far lateral craniotomy and transpontomedullary sulcus approach were preferred. Favorable outcomes were observed in 132 of 150 (88%) patients with follow-up. There were no significant differences in outcomes between subtypes.

CONCLUSIONS

The neurological symptoms and signs associated with a hemorrhagic pontine subtype can help define that subtype clinically with key localizing signs. The proposed taxonomy for pontine cavernous malformation subtypes 4–6 meaningfully guides surgical strategy and may improve patient outcomes.
Monitoring of compressed air losses in branched air flow networks of mining enterprises
Authors: Gendler Semen , Kopachev Valeriy , Kovshov Stanislav
Published: March 2022

Compressed air as a type of safe technological energy carrier is widely used in many industries. In economically developed countries energy costs for the production and distribution of compressed air reach 10 % of the total energy costs. The analysis of compressed air production and distribution systems in the industrial sector shows that the efficiency of the systems is at a relatively low level. This is due to the fact that insufficient attention is paid to these systems since the compressed air systems energy monitoring has certain difficulties – the presence of complex and branched air pipeline networks with unique characteristics; low sensitivity of the equipment which consumes compressed air; the complexity of auditing pneumatic equipment that is in constant operation. The article analyzes the options for reducing the cost of production and compressed air distribution. One of the promising ways to reduce the compressed air distribution cost is timely detection and elimination of leaks that occur in the external air supply network of the enterprise. The task is solved by hardware-software monitoring of compressed air pressure at key points in the network. The proposed method allows real-time detecting of emerging air leaks in the air duct network and sending commands to maintenance personnel for their timely localization. This technique was tested in the industrial conditions of ALROSA enterprises on the air pipeline network of the Mir mine of the Mirninsky Mining and Processing Plant and showed satisfactory convergence of the calculated leakage values ​​with the actual ones. The practical significance of the obtained results is that the developed method for monitoring air leaks in the air duct network is simple, it requires an uncomplicated software implementation and allows to localize leaks in a timely manner, thereby reducing unproductive energy costs at the enterprises.
Analysing Student Experience in Classroom Environment
Authors: Mathur Ayushi
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT The study aims to analyse student experience in Dewey’s traditional and progressive education. The sample consisted of 39 (n=39) first-year students of the undergraduate program of sociology. A one-group quasiexperimental design was used to measure if any difference exists in the student experience in traditional and progressive education. Data collected was examined using a t-test through SPSS19.0. The investigation revealed progressive education comprising of continuity and interaction of an experience showed an upward trend as its counterpart. Moreover, different aspects of experience such as (1) knowledge construction, (2) subjectively interpreting new knowledge, (3) relatedness with the real world, and (4) conversion of experience into an educational one; seem to differ significantly based on the classroom environment, implying classroom environment plays a major role to play in creating better learning experiences for students.
The Relationship between Psychological Well-being, Academic Engagement, and Self-Regulated Learning among Student Nurses
Authors: Mohamed Nageeb Hamdan Mohammad Albaqawi and Shaimaa
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT The objective of the study is to assess the relationship between psychological wellbeing, academic engagement, and self-regulated learning among nursing students. A descriptive correlational study design was employed. This study was conducted between November and December 2020 in the University of Hail, Saudi Arabia, with a convenience sample of 200 nursing students. This study demonstrates a low level of psychological wellbeing (72%), high level of academic engagement (52%) and high academic self-regulation (39%). A weak statistically significant positive correlation (pval = .392) between students’ psychological wellbeing scores and their academic self-regulated learning was noted, along with a statistically moderate significant positive correlation (pval = .519) between academic engagement and the academic self-regulated learning scores. A weak statistically significant positive correlation between students’ psychological wellbeing scores and their academic self-regulated learning, and statistically moderate significant positive correlation between academic engagement and the academic self-regulated learning scores were noted.
The Social Capital of Health Cadres and Community Figures in Overcoming DHF at Endemic Areas
Authors: Siyam Nur
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is the disease which rapidly spreads and causes death. Research to determine the success of controlling and preventing the disease in the community needs to be carried out. The research objective is to analyze the Social Capital of Health Cadres and the Community Figures, as well as their roles in DHF prevention and control in urban and suburban endemic areas of Semarang City. This research adopted a mix method technique, with quantitative and qualitative descriptive approaches. The data collection was carried out by filling out a questionnaire via google form. The social capital of the community figures greatly influenced the role of cadres, and their activeness in overcoming the disease. Therefore, caring, mutual trust, and good social relationship between cadres and the community, contributed to DHF control sustainability. Involvement of all parties in the prevention of DHF at the village level is also supported by the motivation and role model of stakeholders.
Einschließungen und Ausgrenzungen im Spannungsfeld der sozialen Kategorien Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Religion. Intersektionale Perspektiven auf die Bildungsbiografien junger Musliminnen in Malaysia
Authors: Schleimer Simon Moses
Published: March 2022

Der Beitrag nimmt eine intersektionalitätstheoretische Perspektive ein, um die spezifische Verflechtung der sozialen Kategorien Geschlecht, Ethnizität und Religion und deren Auswirkung auf die Handlungsspielräume junger muslimischer Studentinnen in Malaysia im Kontext ihrer Bildungsbiografien herauszuarbeiten. Dafür wurden zwölf narrative Interviews mit jungen Musliminnen in Malaysia geführt und in Anlehnung an die Methode des Szenischen Verstehens nach Lorenzer ausgewertet. Zwei der Interviews werden in Form von Einzelfällen vorgestellt. Sie zeigen auf, dass die soziale Kategorie Religion eine relevante Sinnressource sowie Legitimationsquelle für das soziale Handeln der jungen Frauen im Kontext ihrer Bildungsbiografien darstellt.
Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of extracts from Moroccan fresh fava beans pods (Vicia Faba L.).
Authors: Kalili Adil
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT
Background. In Morocco, fava beans are widely used as a main meal or as an ingredient in various traditional recipes, in the form of fresh ripe seeds or dry seeds. In the past, the tender skin of bean pods was also used in certain specific dishes, thus diversifying the diet. However, the peels of the tender bean pods are currently less or not used and considered waste.
In Moroccan, fava bean pods peels, traditionally used in food in the past, are today considered as waste. The valorization of fresh fava bean pods could revitalize the use of the specific dishes and diversify the diet. For this reason, the research aimed to assess the nutritional values and biological compounds of the whole fresh fava bean pods (Vicia faba L.).
Objective. Evaluate the content of nutrients, total phenolic, flavonoids and tannin contents and antioxidant activity in different extracts of the tender pods of the fava bean (Vicia faba L.).
Material and methods. The proximate composition and minerals were determined using AOAC methods. The total phenolic compounds by the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, the total flavonoids were analyzed using aluminum chloride colorimetric method, the tannins by method of vanillin in an acidic medium and the antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH method.
Results. The results show that the fresh fava bean pods have a moisture content of 87.31 ± 0.25%, ash 4.67 ± 1.03, and protein 29.11 ± 3.20 g/100 g. The legume samples also contain potassium (1946.8±4.61), phosphorus (483.8 ± 3.14), and calcium (399.6 ±2.25) mg/100 g of dry matter representing at last 40-50% of the RDI. The content of the different extracts of (Vicia faba L) varied from 49.5 to 594.4 mg GAE/ g for the total phenols, from 0.7 mg to 3.4 mg QE/g for flavonoids, and from 4.9 mg to 73.91 mg TAE/g dry weight for tannins. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity in the various extracts revealed a better activity in the methanolic extract (IC50=491.2 μg/mL) compared to others extracts: the MeOH/water extract (IC50=606.61 μg/mL), DCM/ MeOH extract (IC50 = 642.67 μg/mL) and DCM extract below of 50%.
Conclusions. This study shows that fava bean pods, traditionally used in food, are rich in macro and micronutrients and bioactive substances, which demonstrates their potential contribution to human food and nutritional security.
Dry Eye Syndrome in Patients of Diabetes with and without Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Khurana Sunita , Arora Prem Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background: The  present study was done to assess dry eye syndrome in patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. We compared symptoms and signs of dry eye syndrome in patients with and without retinopathy

Methods: The study was conducted on cases of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with age ?35 years. The study participants were divided into two distinct groups. First group consists of diabetic patients with clinical evidence of diabetic retinopathy and second group with no evidence of diabetic retinopathy. 50 patients were enrolled in each of the above two groups after written informed consent.

Results: All Signs of dry eye disorder were found more commonly in patients with diabetic retinopathy(42.00%) as compared to those without diabetic retinopathy(18.00%).

Conclusion: Dry eye syndrome was positively correlated with the presence of diabetic retinopathy in this study. Any diabetic patient complaining of dry eye symptoms should be screened for diabetic retinopathy.

Keywords: Dry eye, Diabetes, Retinopathy
To Study the Dry Eye Prevalence Following Phacoemulsification Surgery
Authors: Rajvanshi Seema , Khurana Sunita
Published: March 2022

Background: To study dry eye following phacoemulsification surgery

Methods: This prospective observational study was performed after selecting 100 consecutive patients over 45 years of age with senile cataract, without preexisting dry eye and other ocular disorders.

Results: All the tests performed preoperatively and postoperatively showed incidence of dry eye to be 10.00%.

Conclusion: We concluded that cataract surgery can cause dry eye. However, before surgery, preoperative assessment of all patients should be done properly. Patients must be informed about the possible occurrence of dry eye symptoms postoperativelyand should be managed accordingly.

Keywords: Dry Eye, Phacoemulsification surgery, Tear Film Break Up Time
Efficacy and Safety of Low Dose Atropine 0.01% in Slowing of Progression of Myopia
Authors: Rajvanshi Seema , Khurana Sunita
Published: March 2022

Background: We conducted this study to evaluate the efficacy & safety of topical 0.01% atropine eye drops in slowing down the progression of myopia and axial length elongation. 

Methods: In this study had 50 patients ( 100 eyes) divided in two groups , 25 patients (50 eyes) in interventional groups and 25 patients (50 eyes)  in control group. 

Results: Autorefrectometer (AR) readings change from base line 2.11±0.11D to after 12 month 2.09±0.12D so increases in AR reading was –0.02D in interventional group at one year follow up. AR reading changes from baseline 2.16±0.12D to after 12 month 2.22±0.18D so increases in AR reading was -0.06D in control groups. Subjective refraction changed from base line 2.01±0.06D to after 12 month 2.91±0.11D so increases in Subjective refraction was +0.9D in cases at one year follow up. Subjective refraction changed from base line 2.03±0.05D to after 12 month 3.23±0.18D so increases in subjective refraction were +1.2D in control group at one year follow up.

Conclusion: Low-dose (0.01%) topical atropine eye drops treatment was a safe and effective method for slowing down the progression of myopia in children and adolescents because it has growth suppressing influence by acting on extraretinal muscarinic receptors possible in the retinal pigment epithelium, choroid and sclera.

Keywords: Myopia, Atropine, Subjective refraction, Autorefrectometer.
Cirurgia Citorredutora com Quimioterapia Intraperitoneal Hipertérmica em Pacientes com Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso de Apêndice: Série de 43 Casos
Authors: Cordeiro Priscila Jessica Davila , Muzi Camila Drumond
Published: March 2022

Introdução: O carcinoma primário de apêndice é uma condição rara. Muitas revisões retrospectivas internacionais delineiam a experiência de diferentes centros em neoplasias apendiculares. Por sua vez, o tratamento do câncer nessa localização é complexo e depende do subtipo histológico e da extensão da doença. Um dos tratamentos mais promissores é a cirurgia citorredutora (CCR) associada à quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica (HIPEC). No Brasil, não há descrição de séries de casos que tiveram essa abordagem terapêutica. O objetivo desta série de casos é analisar as características sociodemográficas e o tipo de intervenção terapêutica em pacientes com doenças malignas de apêndice em um Centro de Assistência de Alta Complexidade em Oncologia III (Cacon III). Relato dos casos: Foram incluídos 43 casos de tumores primários de apêndice. O adenocarcinoma do apêndice do tipo mucinoso de baixo grau foi a neoplasia mais diagnosticada. O principal protocolo utilizado foi de uma a duas cirurgias e aplicação de mitomicina C em temperatura média de 40 graus. Os casos apresentaram grande heterogeneidade quanto ao uso do protocolo. Conclusão: O presente relato de 43 casos é importante por se tratar de um tumor raro nessa localização. A modalidade terapêutica descrita é promissora, mas não há protocolo definido para essa finalidade. É necessário atualizar as diretrizes terapêuticas para normatizar a conduta internamente, especialmente em se tratando de uma unidade de referência nacional.
Lumbosakral Lipomların Cerrahi Tedavisi- Klinik Deneyimimiz
Authors: BAYKAL Duygu , ÖZMARASALI Ali İmran , TAŞKAPILIOĞLU M Özgür
Published: March 2022

Spinal kord lipomları, pediatrik beyin cerrahisi alanının en zorlayıcı lezyonları arasındadır. Spinal lipomların doğal seyirleri ve tedavileri tartışmalıdır. Bu çalışmada spinal kord lipomu nedeni ile kliniğimizde opere edilen hastaların klinik, demografik verileri ve tedavi sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Elli dokuz hastanın verileri retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 10±5,8 (1-25) ay, en sık başvuru şikayeti bel bölgesindeki şişlik idi. Hastalarımızın başvuru anında 36’sında nörolojik defisit varken 23’ünde nörolojik defisit yoktu. Olgularda postopertif dönemde nörolojik kötüleşme izlenmedi. Hastalar ortalama 39,9± 32,9 (1-132) ay takip edildi. 13 (%22) olgu takiplerinde nörolojik kötüleşme olması nedeni ile yeniden opere edildi. Asemptomatik olsalar dahi uygun zamanda uygulanan cerrahi müdahale, bu lezyonlara sahip çocuklarda gelişebilecek nörolojik bozulmayı önleyebilir. Çok merkezli prospektif çalışmalar bu konu hakkında daha rasyonel bilgilere ulaşmamızı sağlayacaktır.