bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Asociación de desaturación de oxígeno con el cuestionario STOP-Bang alto, aplicado en consulta preanestésica
Authors: Fernández Arras-y Márquez Adalicia , Ramírez-Espíndola Refugio
Published: July 2022

Introducción. El cuestionario STOP-Bang, es indispensable para conocer a pacientes que pueden estar en riesgo de desaturación de oxígeno u otras complicaciones perioperatorias.

Objetivo general. Determinar la asociación de desaturación de oxígeno con el cuestionario STOP-Bang alto, aplicado en consulta preanestésica.

Metodología. Diseño observacional, retrospectivo, longitudinal; realizado en el Centro Médico Naval, que incluyó mayores de 18 años, bajo anestesia general, divididos en dos grupos: STOP-Bang alto puntuación mayor a 3 y menor a 3. Se les aplicó el cuestionario STOP-Bang con sensibilidad del 93%. Se analizó mediante estadística descriptiva y Xi2 con significancia p<0.05, utilizando paquete estadístico SPSSv24.0.

Resultados. Se programaron 121 pacientes para cirugía bajo anestesia general, siendo STOP-Bang alto 85 y bajo 36. Edad mayor a 50 años en 49 (58%) con STOP-Bang alto. Fibrilación auricular 17 (17.6%), con STOP-Bang alto y 0% STOP-Bang menor a 3. Hipertensos 52 (61%) STOP-Bang alto y 5 (14%) menor a 3, p<0.000. Desaturación de oxígeno en 18 (21%) STOP-Bang alto y 1 (3%) menor a 3, p<0.012 OR 9.4 (IC 95% 1.2-73.3).

Conclusión. STOP-Bang alto, se asoció a desaturación de oxígeno y factores de riesgo cardiovascular.
Nivel de estrés, calidad de sueño, ansiedad y depresión como factores de riesgo de cardiopatía isquémica en el Hospital Central Militar
Authors: Baeza-Martínez Adriana Monserrat , Arias-Narcia Juan Josué , Chávez-Flores Alma
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La cardiopatía isquémica es la principal causa de mortalidad en México y el mundo, un reto importante para la salud pública dada su magnitud y el efecto negativo que ejerce sobre la salud de la población.
Objetivos: Determinar si el nivel de estrés, calidad del sueño, ansiedad y depresión, son factores de riesgo para tener cardiopatía isquémica en pacientes militares y derechohabientes del Hospital Central Militar.
Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, tipo casos y controles, se determinó la fuerza de asociación entre el nivel de estrés, la calidad del sueño, la ansiedad y la depresión con la cardiopatía isquémica. El análisis se realizó mediante la prueba de X2 (chi cuadrada) y razón de momios ajustadas por sexo y edad.
Resultados: Durante el estudio ingresaron 83 pacientes. La edad de los participantes fue de 62.95±9.13 años. El OR de la variable depresión fue de 4.176, IC (1.63-10.68), para la variable mala calidad de sueño: OR= 6.061, IC (2.278-16.124).
Conclusiones: La depresión y la mala calidad del sueño son factores de riesgo para padecer cardiopatía isquémica en los pacientes militares y derechohabientes del Hospital Central Militar.
Factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados con el desarrollo de obesidad en militares
Authors: García-Chávez María Soledad , Vazquez Guzmán Miguel Antonio , Figueroa-Lara Alejandro
Published: July 2022

Introducción. La correcta alimentación de los soldados es clave para mantener la salud y el buen rendimiento, actualmente, la obesidad constituye un problema de salud pública calificada como la “epidemia del siglo”.
Objetivo. Identificar los factores de riesgo nutricionales asociados al sobrepeso y obesidad en una Brigada del Ejército Mexicano.
Material y métodos. Se determinó la fuerza de asociación entre los factores de riesgo nutricionales y el desarrollo de sobrepeso y obesidad. La asociación se realizó mediante X2 y OR, y la diferencia de medias con prueba Z.
Resultados. Se observó diferencia entre casos y controles en consumo de calorías (z=9.34, P<0.01), proteínas (z=10.22, P<0.01), grasas (z=8.84, P<0.0) y carbohidratos (z=7.04, P<0.01). El consumo de verduras y frutas < 1 vez/semana, y el de bebidas azucaradas > 1 vez/semana fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar sobrepeso y obesidad (X2=4.406; p=0.036; OR=2.1), (X2= 5.6; p=0.018; OR=2.25), (X2=7.368; p=0.007; OR=4.5), respectivamente. El no consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías en el comedor y el que la cafetería y la calle sean el sitio de mayor consumo de calorías fueron factores de riesgo (X2=14.44; p=0.000; OR=4.3), (X2=13.74; p=0.000; OR=5.56) y (X2=6.375; p=0.012; OR =4.12), respectivamente.
Conclusiones. El consumo menor o igual a una vez a la semana de verduras y frutas, el consumir bebidas azucaradas más de una vez a la semana, el consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías de la cafetería y de la calle y el no consumir la mayor cantidad de calorías en el comedor fueron factores de riesgo para desarrollar sobrepeso-obesidad.
Perfiles biográficos de Médicos Militares
Authors: Moreno-Guzmán Antonio
Published: July 2022

Por instancias del teniente coronel MC  Héctor de la Cruz Mejía Michel y gracias a su interés por difundir los perfiles biográficos en los que se destaquen los logros académicos obtenidos por compañeros médicos militares, dentro y fuera del país, se propuso a la Revista de Sanidad Militar la publicación de dichos perfiles, con el objeto principal de que las nuevas generaciones de jóvenes médicos militares  y alumnos en formación, conozcan a los personajes paradigmáticos quienes les precedieron y que traten de emular sus trayectorias y desde luego de superarlas. Además de ser la Revista de Sanidad Militar, como órgano oficial de difusión de la Dirección General de Sanidad y del Colegio Nacional de Médicos Militares, indudablemente el mejor y más adecuado medio para dar a conocer y conservar estos materiales que desde luego contribuyen a enriquecer nuestro pasado y presente, así como preservar e incrementar nuestro acervo histórico como Servicio de Sanidad Militar esperando con esto contribuir a reforzar la identidad, el espíritu de cuerpo y el orgullo de pertenencia al Cuerpo Médico Militar de México.
Hepaticoyeyunostomía asistida por Robot vs la técnica abierta en un Hospital de tercer nivel
Authors: Jiménez-Chavarría Enrique , Gómez-Ramírez José Oscar , Castellanos-Pérez Julio César , Martínez-Cuazitl Adriana
Published: July 2022

A pesar de la evidencia científica de la seguridad, la eficacia de la cirugía robótica, existen pocas publicaciones en la reparación de la vía biliar.

El principal objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar los resultados de la hepaticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux asistida por robot (HYR) y la hepaticoyeyunostomía en Y de Roux abierta (HYA) en el HCM en el periodo de enero de 2012 a enero de 2019.

Este es un estudio retrospectivo se recolectaron los datos sociodemográficos, las principales comorbilidades y se determinó la principal indicación quirúrgica de la hepaticoyeyunostomía; se agruparon según la indicación quirúrgica para comparar el sangrado transoperatorio, tiempo quirúrgico, los días de estancia hospitalaria y morbilidad entre la HYR vs HYA.

Se registraron 78 hepaticoyeyunostomías (31 fueron HYR y 47 HYA), la edad promedio fue 55.2 ± 17.7 años predominio del género femenino, la principal comorbilidad fue la hipertensión arterial. La principal indicación quirúrgica de hepaticoyeyunostomía fue la disrupción de vía la biliar, en estos pacientes se encontró menor tiempo quirúrgico, días de hospitalización, y morbilidad en los pacientes sometidos a HYR que los pacientes tratados mediante HYA.
Implementasi Program Alokasi Dana Desa Tahun 2020 di Desa Tempurejo Kecamatan Blora Kabupaten Blora
Authors: Winarni Aris Toening , Santoso Munir Hery
Published: July 2022

Abstract
This study aims to determine the implementation of the Village Fund Allocation Program in
Tempurejo Village, Blora District, Blora Regency and the factors that hinder the implementation
of the Village Fund Allocation Program in Tempurejo Village, Blora District, Blora Regency.
This research is an implementation analysis study using a policy implementation model
according to George C. Edward III by using four variables that influence public policy, namely:
(1) Communication, (2) Resources, (3) Disposition, and (4) Bureaucratic Structure. The
research subject is the Village Fund Allocation Executor. Data were collected using
observation and interview techniques. The data analysis technique was carried out by using
qualitative descriptive analysis.
The results of this study show that the implementation of the Village Fund Allocation Program
in Tempurejo Village, Blora District, Blora Regency in 4 aspects, namely 1) Communication
Aspects, In this aspect, the communication of the Village Fund Allocation Program in
Tempurejo Village is running well and has been implemented according to the technical
guidelines for program implementation. 2) Aspect of human resources. In this aspect, it is
known that the resources owned by Tempurejo Village are quite good in implementing this
program. 3) Disposition Aspect. In this aspect, it is known that the disposition aspect of
Tempurejo Village in implementing this program is very good. 4) Aspect of Bureaucratic
Structure. In this aspect, it is known that the bureaucratic structure owned by Tempurejo
Village in the implementation of this program runs well and is well coordinated. Inhibiting
Factors for the Implementation of the Village Fund Allocation Program in Tempurejo Village,
namely 1) The delay in stipulating implementing regulations and technical guidelines for Village
Fund Allocation from the District Government which causes ADD implementers to be unable to
immediately implement ADD as agreed upon. 2) There was a delay in reporting village funds
from other villages which caused delays in the distribution of village funds for all villages in
Blora district.
Keywords: Implementation, Village Fund Allocation.
KEBIJAKAN PEMERINTAH DAERAH DALAM UPAYA PEMBERDAYAAN PENDUDUK MISKIN
Authors: Karningsih Karningsih , Daenie M
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACT
Local government policies in the form of regulations are often not pro-poor.
Solving the problem of poverty cannot be done partially but must be comprehensive
and start from the subject, namely "the poor people". Poverty programs originating
from the center are often uniform in nature, thus ignoring local initiatives and
characteristics. Local governments can make program modifications or refinements to
make them more focused and effective on program subjects (the poor), by involving
various elements of society. The need for local governments to make indicators of
regional government concern for the poor.
 Key word : Policy, Regional,Government,Empowerment,Poor people
ABSTRAK
Kebijakan pemerintah daerah berupa regulasi sering tidak berpihak kepada
penduduk miskin. Pemecahan masalah kemiskinan tidak bisa dilakukan secara
parsial tetapi harus bersifat komprehensif dan dimulai dari subyeknya, yaitu “ si
penduduk miskin “ tersebut. Program penanggulangan kemiskinan yang berasal dari
pusat seringkali bersifat seragam sehingga mengabaikan inisiatif dan karakteristik
local. Pemerintah daerah dapat melakukan modifikasi atau penajaman program agar
lebih terfokus dan efektif kepada subyek program (penduduk miskin), dengan
melibatkan berbagai elemen masyarakat. Perlunya pemerintah daerah membuat
indikator keperpihaan pemerintah daerah terhadap penduduk miskin.

 Kata Kunci : Kebijakan, Pemerintah Daerah, Pemberdayaan, Penduduk Miskin

 
SEKOLAH ADIYUSWO UNTUK MEWUJUDKAN KEMANDIRIAN BAGI KELOMPOK LANJUT USIA
Authors: Widyastomo Rahmad Purwanto
Published: July 2022

Abstrak

          Perlindungan, kesejahteraan dan kemandirian kelompok lanjut usia semakin penting sejalan dengan meningkatnya jumlah lanjut usia, kesejahteraan dan perwujudan kota ramah lanjut usia di Surakarta. Sekolah Adiyuswo (Lanjut Usia) dalam pelaksanaan di Kota Suratakarta terkait erat dengan langkah kebijakan  mewujudkan kota ramah lansia dan kebijakan kota inklusif yang telah ditetapkan Kota Surakarta sejak tahun 2006. Arah kebijakan tersebut termuat dalam  Rencana Pembangunan Jangka Menengah Daerah Kota Surakarta Tahun 2021 – 2026 dengan leading sektor pelaksana adalah Dinas Sosial dan Bappeda Kota Surakarta sebagai koordinator perencanaan pembangunan daerah. 

           Pelaksanaan kebijakan tentang Sekolah Adiyuswo (Lanjut Usia) dilaksanakan  sesuai dengan arah kebijakan Pendidikan sepanjang hayat  melalui Pendidikan non-formal secara teratur dan terencana. Pendidikan ini dilaksanakan secara setara dan  partisipatif. Dalam hal ini dipersiapkan fasilitator, mentor dan pelayanan kesehatan dan sosial  memalui kelembagaan lokal baik melalui Komda Lansia, Forum Lansia di kecamatan dan lembaga di kelurahan melalui bina keluarga lansia. Sekolah lansia melibatkan kelompok sasaran adalah penduduk pra lansia, kelompok lansia dan anggota keluarga lain yang mengasuh lansia dalam rumah tangga.  

Kata kunci : sekolah lanjut usia, kesejahteraan lanjut usia.

 

Abstract

The protection, welfare and independence of the elderly group is increasingly important in line with the increasing number of elderly people, welfare and the realization of an elderly friendly city in Surakarta. The Adiyuswo (Olderly) School in implementation in the City of Surakarta is closely related to the policy steps to realize an elderly-friendly city and the inclusive city policy that has been established by the City of Surakarta since 2006. The policy direction is contained in the Surakarta City Medium-Term Development Plan 2021-2026 with The leading implementing sectors are the Social Service (Dinas Sosial)  and Bappeda  as the coordinator of regional development planning.

           The implementation of policies regarding Adiyuswo Schools (Seniors) is carried out in accordance with the direction of the policy on Lifelong Education through regular and planned non-formal education. This education is carried out in an equal and participatory manner. In this case, facilitators, mentors and health and social services are prepared through local institutions, either through the Elderly Committee, Elderly Forums in sub-districts and institutions in the village through fostering elderly families. The elderly school involves the target group, namely the pre-elderly population, the elderly group and other family members who take care of the elderly in the household.
Keywords: elderly school, elderly welfare
Comparison of Orchidopexy in children, with or without Hernia Sac Ligation: One Center Experience
Authors: Younes Alaa E.
Published: July 2022

Introduction: One of the common proceduresperformed by pediatric surgeons around the world is cryptorchidism (undescended testis). The closure of the hernial sac during orchidopexy is regarded to be necessary to prevent the development of a hernia after surgery. Some studies stated that they had adopted the method of orchidopexy without hernia sac ligation at their institution. The goal of our study is to look back on our experiences and analyze the outcomes of the non-ligation technique of the hernial sac during the orchidopexy. Methods: From January 2014 to April 2020, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in Taif, Saudi Arabia, to determine the efficiency of orchidopexy without hernial sac ligation in pediatric males aged 9 months to 12 years. Results: In the study of 99 patients (115 testicles), orchidopexy without sac ligation was performed in 52 patients (61 testicles), while orchidopexy with hernia sac ligation was performed in 47 patients (54 testicles). During the early stages of follow-up, we never encounter complications such as hydrocele or inguinal hernias. Conclusion: The results of our study validate the feasibility and safety of the hernia sac non-ligation technique during orchidopexy in children since it had no negative effects on early complications, particularly the incidence of hernia or recurrence rate. Keywords: Undescended Testicles, Orchidopexy, Hernia Sac, Processus Vaginalis, Non-ligation, cryptorchidism .
The prevalence and outcome of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia over a 5 year period at tertiary care in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al Shehri Ali Amer , Asiri Bader Ibrahim , Asiri Khalid Mousa , Albakkar Mohammad Abdullah , Alharbi Salmah Muidh Ali , Alqahtani Saeed Saad , Alkahtani Sultan Ahmad , Aloosh Yahya Mohammed
Published: July 2022

Objective: To identify bacteraemia of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, susceptibilities, and which antibiotic was used. Methods: A record-based retrospective study was conducted on those who were admitted to Armed Forces Hospital Southern Region – Khamis Mushet, Saudi Arabia, during the period from January 2017 until January 2021 and who had positive blood culture for Stenotrophomonas maltophilia during admission. Results: We collected data from 34 patients with mean age of 65.4 years old (SD=19.9). Moreover, we found that 73.5 % of the patients were males. Intubation was reported among 61.8 % of the patients with mean duration of 12.6 days. Moreover, tracheostomy was reported in 35.3 % of the patients with mean duration of 52.5 days. Single antibiotic regimen was applied in 67.6 % of cases while two- antibiotics regimen was applied in 32.4 % of them. Ceftazidime was used in 55.9 % of the patients, levofloxacin was used only in 23.5 % of the patients and trimeth/sulfa was used in 41.2 % of the patients. According to susceptibility tests, ceftazidime showedthe highest level of resistance (27.3 %) and trimeth/sulfa showed the highest level of sensitivity Conclusion: We found that our drug of choice is trimeth/Sulfa when considering treatment of positive patients with S. maltophilia. Stenotrophomonas incidence is common in patients with comorbidities than the normal population. Keywords: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia bacteraemia, prevalence, outcome
Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Review Article
Authors: Karrar Hani Raka , Nouh Mahmoud Ismail , Alhendi Rehab Salah Aldin , Alsaedi Osama Habib , Sadah Amal Hassan Abu , Bahri Nouf Mousa , Alharth Mohammed Ghumays M , Aldhafeeri Omar Aziz Bahlol , Razqan Salihah Ali , Mojammam Mohammed Yahya , Albalawi Hessa Meteq , Alsheikh Mohammed Aljunaid Alamin , Abusharhah Naif Ibrahim Saeed , Alzahrani Saleh Jabbar , Seedahmed Sara Gafar Ali
Published: July 2022

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus is the most common chronic disease in childhood and one of its complications is diabetic ketoacidosis. Diabetic ketoacidosis is considered one of the most common causes of death in a patient with type 1 diabetes. Diabetic ketoacidosis is characterized by hyperglycemia, hyperosmolarity, ketosis, and acidosis. The incidence rate of diabetic ketoacidosis has increased globally, annually. Diabetic ketoacidosis may be life-threatening and lead to diabetic coma or death. Diabetic ketoacidosis is defined as metabolic decompensation caused by increasing ketones in the blood. Diabetic ketoacidosis occurs when the body doesn’t have enough insulin to allow blood sugar into the cells for use as energy potentiated by glucose counter-regulatory hormone excess. Diabetic ketoacidosis presents with vague symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, and pain in the abdomen. A characteristic symptom of diabetic ketoacidosis, such as Kussmaul breathing, is present in limited patients. Early diagnosis and management are effective to improve patient outcomes. Infections in diabetic patients should be carefully monitored as they are the most common precipitating factors for diabetic ketoacidosis. The diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis is based on three major signs which are hyperglycemia, metabolic acidosis, and ketosis. The treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis includes fluid resuscitation, electrolyte replacement, insulin administration, and monitoring of the signs of cerebral edema and fluid overdose. This review article will mainly focus on the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management, and morbidity of diabetic ketoacidosis. Keywords: Diabetic Ketoacidosis, Review Article, Insulin Therapy, Type one Diabetes mellitus. Type Two Diabetes Mellitus
Assessment of Knowledge and practice of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY) among Primary care physicians in Najran, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Huneif Mohammed Ayed
Published: July 2022

Background: Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is a type of monogenic diabetes first described as a mild and asymptomatic form of diabetes mellitus that was observed in non-obese children, and young adults. With the development of genetic technology, many genes linked to MODY have been sequenced and described. MODY is a kind of diabetes inherited and a mutation in one of eleven genes causes it. MODY could be the cause of up to 5% of all diabetes cases. MODY patients, like other diabetics, have difficulty controlling their blood sugar levels. Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study among primary care physicians (PCPs) in the Najran region. The questionnaire was created following a series of conversations between a panel of experts, which included subject specialists, researchers, and language experts. Pilot study with 15 respondents was also conducted to observe the clarity of the content of the questionnaire and its validity. The questionnaire’s Cronbach alpha was computed. It was created in English and disseminated through Google forms link and in a printed form as well. The questionnaire has two main sections, one for knowledge and the other for practice with MODY. Results: 12% completely responded to questions regarding definition of MODY, 55.5% have knowledge regarding mode of inheritance of MODY, 9% were aware about the type of the MODY, 60% were aware about typical symptoms of MODY, Diagnostic tools of MODY (45%), Possible presentations of MODY (6%), Therapeutic modalities of MODY (39%), Complications of MODY (20%), Differences between MODY and T1DM and T2DM (6.8%), while overall knowledge score was 53.8%. Conclusion: This study emphasized the importance of PCPs among individuals participating in intensive teaching programs in order to promote early detection of MODY and beginning of the proper treatment for the disease. Keywords: Knowledge, practice, primary care physicians, Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY).
Misconceptions and Fears among Primary Health Care Physicians in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, regarding COVID-19
Authors: Malky Ameen Mohammed Hashem , Almosa Khalid M.
Published: July 2022

This study aimed to identify primary care physicians’ misconceptions regarding COVID-19, and to assess their fear of COVID-19. Following an analytical cross-sectional study design in primary healthcare (PHC) centers in Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia, 515 PHC physicians were included. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection. It included personal characteristics, misconceptions about COVID-19, and the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results showed that only 10.5% of PHC physicians did not have any misconceptions regarding COVID-19, while 53.6% had low misconceptions and 35.9% had high misconceptions. PHC physicians’ main sources of information about COVID-19 were the social media (58.1%), followed by the Internet (55.5%), and mass media (47%). More than half of primary care physicians (50.1%) had high grades of fear of COVID-19. PHC physicians’ misconceptions scores significantly and positively correlated with their COVID-19 fears scores (r=0.425, p<0.001). Differences in grades of misconceptions among PHC physicians differed significantly according to their nationality (p=0.003), but did not differ significantly according to any other personal characteristics. The youngest PHC physicians (aged <30 years) had significantly the highest grades of high fear of COVID-19 (58.4%, p<0.001). Female PHC physicians had significantly more high fear grade toward COVID-19 than males (56.6% and 47.2%, respectively, p=0.048). The study concluded that misconceptions and fears regarding COVID-19 are common among PHC physicians in Aseer Region. Social media is the main source of health information regarding COVID-19. Fear among PHC physicians is significantly and positively correlated with their misconceptions. Keywords: Misconceptions, Corona phobia, Fear of COVID-19, Primary healthcare, Saudi Arabia
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography in the evaluation of pancreatic and biliary disorders
Authors: Youssef Shaza , Alassaad Thamin
Published: July 2022

The use of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP) as a non-invasive alternative to diagnostic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is rising. The purpose of this visual review is to show how MRCP can be used to assess pancreatic and biliary system problems, because of the newly created technologies. MRCP has been shown to be useful in a range of pancreatic and biliary system disorders because it improves spatial resolution and allows imaging of the whole pancreaticobiliary tract during a single breath-hold. It is the newest method for pancreatic and biliary duct imaging, and it uses MR imaging to view fluid in the biliary and pancreatic ducts as high signal intensity on T2 weighted sequences. The clinical uses of MRCP in a range of pancreaticobiliary system problems are presented here, and we conclude that it is a useful diagnostic tool for imaging the pancreaticobiliary ductal system. Keywords: Bile ducts abnormalities; Bile ducts calculi; Bile ducts neoplasms; MR cholangiopancreatography; Pancreatic ducts; Pancreas; Neoplasms.
Allergy to Salbutamol
Authors: Alahmad Turki
Published: July 2022

We report a 10 month old girl known case of Cow’s milk protein allergy (CMPA) who presented with an allergic reaction to Salbutamol. She was prescribed salbutamol to be used through nebulizer. She had clear systemic reaction with increased cough and facial and lip swellings that lasted for about 20 minutes. This reaction was observed for three consecutive times after which the medication was held. In the report, we review the literature and found that most reactions can be categorized as either a true anaphylaxis or simply a paradoxical bronchospasm. The true anaphylaxis was mostly associated with a positive skin prick test. Key words: Allergy, salbutamol, children
MODULWISSEN Einsatzrecht 3
Authors: Borsdorff Anke , Nüßer Marc , Nitze Konstantin
Published: July 2022

Das Studium für den gehobenen Polizeivollzugsdienst in der Bundespolizei findet in der Form eines modularisierten Diplomstudienganges statt. Parallel hierzu wurde die Reihe Modulwissen Einsatzrecht von Professor Dr. Anke Borsdorff und Regierungsdirektor Martin Kastner begründet. Nun wird sie mit der 4. Auflage verjüngt fortgesetzt von einem neuen Autorenteam. Das in 4. Auflage vorgelegte Werk trägt diesem Ausbildungskonzept Rechnung: Anders als die herkömmlichen Darstellungen des polizeilichen Einsatzrechts vermittelt es das notwendige Wissen in Gestalt einzelner Bausteine und folgt dabei konsequent dem Studienplan, so wie er im Modulhandbuch enthalten ist. Die behandelten Themen entsprechen in Inhalt, Schwierigkeitsgrad und Reihenfolge exakt dem Stoffplan für das Modul 10 im Hauptstudium I. Fachlich fundiert, aber stets anschaulich und in verständlicher Sprache werden dem Leser weitere wichtige Kenntnisse im polizeilichen Zwangsrecht, im Polizei- und Ordnungsrecht sowie im Straf- und Strafverfahrensrecht nahegebracht.

Prof. Dr. Anke Borsdorff, Dr. Marc Nüsser und Prof. Dr. Konstantin Nitze, LL.M. sind als Dozenten für polizeiliches Einsatzrecht an der Hochschule des Bundes für öffentliche Verwaltung im Fachbereich Bundespolizei in Lübeck tätig. Die Autoren verfügen über eine langjährige Lehr- und Prüfungserfahrung im Bereich der Ausbildung des gehobenen und höheren Polizeivollzugsdienstes in der Bundespolizei. An der Entwicklung des modularisierten Studienganges, auf den sich dieses Werk bezieht, sind die Verfasser fortwährend beteiligt.
SGB II und SGB XII für Studium und Praxis (Bd. 1/3)
Authors: Grosse Michael , Weber Dirk , Wesemann Michael
Published: July 2022

Im ersten Band wird das Leistungsrecht der Grundsicherung für Arbeitsuchende nach dem Zweiten Buch Sozialgesetzbuch dargestellt. Das Werk orientiert sich an den Erfordernissen der Praxis und ist daher für Mitarbeitende der Leistungsträger, Beratungsstellen und Verbände, Rechtsanwält:innen sowie Richter:innen an den Sozialgerichten geeignet. Studierenden dient es als Grundlage, um Ansprüche auf Leistungen zur Sicherung des Lebensunterhalts sowie das Sozialverwaltungsverfahren und etwaige Rückabwicklungsansprüche sicher einzuordnen und zu bewerten.

Die Autoren geben Hilfestellungen zur Vorbereitung auf Leistungsnachweise im Rahmen der Ausbildung. Praktische Übungen und umfassende Musterlösungen einschließlich zahlreicher Beispiele aus der Praxis unterstützen dabei.
Praktische Fälle aus dem Sozialrecht
Authors: Grosse Michael
Published: July 2022

Der Band versteht sich als Hilfestellung bei der Anfertigung von Klausuren im Sozialrecht, bietet aber durch die Auswahl der Klausurübungen auch eine vollständige Wiederholung des Lehrstoffs. Die für Klausuren notwendigen Prüfungsschemata werden in einem eigenen Kapitel dargestellt. Zugleich können die Fälle auch Praktikern in den Sozialverwaltungen bei der Lösung von Problemen als Hilfsmittel dienen.

Die Fälle erfassen die Lebensunterhaltsleistungen sowie die Hilfen nach dem 5. bis 9. Kapitel des SGB XII. Darüber hinaus sind aber auch die Überleitung von Ansprüchen, Erstattungsansprüche gegen Sozialleistungsträger, der Kostenersatz durch Erben, Ansprüche im Zusammenhang mit dem Ersatz und der Erstattung zu Unrecht erbrachter Leistungen sowie das Widerspruchsverfahren berücksichtigt.
Phytochemicals from Solanaceae Family and Their Anticancer Properties
Authors: Alagar Yadav Sangilimuthu , Sara Koshi Feba
Published: July 2022

Cancer is one of the most dreadful disease conditions all over the world. With the side effects and cost of conventional treatment, there is a demand for new therapies to prevent cancer. Research studies proved many plant products possess anticancer properties. Currently, a few plant-based drugs are used to treat it. The phytochemicals are investigated by in vitro and in vivo to assess their mechanism of action against cancer. This chapter is an overview of anticancer compounds extracted from plants of Solanaceae family with the potentials results. Many research has confirmed the anticancer efficiency of the biomolecules, such as solanine, solamargine, tomatidine, Withanolides, scopoletin, capsaicin found in Solanaceae, and their mode of action, such as cell cycle arrest, inhibiting signaling pathways, autophagy, suppression of enzymes in various human cancer cell lines of breast, pancreas, colorectal, liver, and cervical and also in animal models. This chapter seeks to provide an outline of key examples of anticancer activity of phytochemicals from the Solanaceae family, which offers a track for the development of novel medicines for cancer treatment as a single drug or in combinational drug. This chapter helps to identify the novel bioactive molecule for cancer treatment as lead molecule with less side effects in future.
Nutrition of Corals and Their Trophic Plasticity under Future Environmental Conditions
Authors: Dellisanti Walter , Seveso Davide , Kar-Hei Fang James
Published: July 2022

Scleractinian corals obtain metabolic energy from their endosymbiotic autotrophic microalgae, and from remineralization of organic matter by bacteria and viruses, along with the heterotrophic food sources. The mutualistic symbiosis is generally stable but can be disrupted when environmental conditions surrounding the corals, such as increasing seawater temperature, become unfavorable to sustain each component of the holobiont. In this connection, the effects of global stressors such as climate change, and local stressors such as pollution, and their combination, are posing serious threats to the metabolic resistance of corals. However, some more resilient coral species have developed specific mechanisms to cope with fluctuating environmental conditions according to the trophic strategy (autotrophy, heterotrophy, or mixotrophy), and by modulating their energy expenditure. In this chapter, the role of nutrition in the coral symbiosis as the energetic budget for metabolic performance will be discussed, with a focus on the role of acquisition of nutrients through feeding, regulation of energy reserves (lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates), and adaptation capability in the natural environment, including the expression of heat-shock proteins (Hsps). Future environmental conditions under a combination of global changes and local impacts will also be discussed, with the aim of identifying the trophic niches of corals and geographical areas as possible refugia.
Impact of Temperature on Morphological Characteristics of Erythrocytes and Heart Weight: Experimental Study on Wistar Rats
Authors: Dervišević Emina , Hasić Sabaheta , Dervišević Lejla , Ajanović Zurifa , Katica Muhamed , Salihbegović Adis
Published: July 2022

The aim was to find what happens to heart weight and forms of erythrocytes antemortemly and postmortemly as a result of exposure to high water temperature. Total of 40 adult Wistar rats is divided into three groups, depending on water temperature exposure of 37°C (KG, n = 8), 41°C (G41, n = 16), and 44°C (G44, n = 16). Depending on the length of time of exposure to water, temperatures of 41 and 44°C are further divided into G41-AM, G41-PM, G44-AM, and G44-PM. The anesthetized rats were exposed to preheated water using the water bath. May-Grünwald-Giemsa coloring technique was applied to blood samples. Light microscopy was performed to detect poikilocytes. Heart weight was measured after dissection with a scale. A statistically significant difference in heart weight was found in the experimental groups (p = 0.024). The lowest value was observed in KG37 and was 0.99 ± 0.11 g, and the highest values were found in rats of the G41-PM group, with a mean value of 1.26 ± 0.26 g. There is a statistically significant difference between the experimental groups in forms of poikilocytes.
Obesity and Gut Microbiota
Authors: Ahmad Arslan , Riaz Sakhawat , Tanveer Muhammad
Published: July 2022

Obesity is a severe worldwide health problem driven by both hereditary and environmental factors, and its prevalence is increasing year after year. According to current thinking, The bacteria in the stomach may have a part in the growth of obesity and other health comorbidities. To better fully comprehend the link between obesity but also microbiomes, we sum up the features of the intestinal microbiota in obese people, the metabolic pathway of obesity-induced by the intestinal microbiota, and the impact of biological factors on the intestinal microbiota and adiposity in this chapter. The microbiome has been shown to have a major role in the development of obesity by regulating energy metabolism. The makeup and density of intestinal flora can be influenced by diet. Simultaneously, it is suggested that the gut microbiome be used in obesity studies. Some food items have recently shown that pro capability via functional ingredients that impact the intestinal flora, attracting the interest of scientists.
The Potential of the Purinergic System as a Therapeutic Target of Natural Compounds in Cutaneous Melanoma
Authors: Bruno da Silva Gilnei , Manica Daiane , Moreno Marcelo , Dulce Bagatini Margarete
Published: July 2022

Cutaneous melanoma is an aggressive and difficult-to-treat disease that has rapidly grown worldwide. The pharmacotherapy available in so many cases results in low response and undesirable side effects, which impair the life quality of those affected. Several studies have been shown that the purinergic system is involved in cancer context, such as in cutaneous melanoma. With technological advances, several bioactive compounds from nature are studied and presented as promising adjuvant therapies against cancer, as phenolic compounds and related action by purinergic system modulations. Thus, phenolic compounds such as rosmarinic acid, resveratrol, tannic acid, as well as vitamin D may be promising substances in a therapeutic perspective to treat cutaneous melanoma via purinergic system pathway. More research needs to be done to open up new horizons in the treatment of melanoma by the purinergic signaling.
CSR Reporting and Blockchain Technology
Authors: Sarajoti Pattarake , Chatjuthamard Pattanaporn , Papangkorn Suwongrat , Phiromswad Piyachart
Published: July 2022

Blockchain technology is a public ledger that stores data in a chain of blocks which can radically improve the quality of our records from “records that might be trustworthy” to “records that trust is absolute”. This chapter explores one area that blockchain technology can radically transform but has not yet received significant attention. We evaluate the suitability of applying blockchain technology for corporate social responsibility (CSR) reporting. We demonstrate that blockchain technology is suitable in the context of CSR reporting since there is a strong need for an immutable common database shared among various stakeholders with potential trust issues. We also argue that blockchain technology does not completely eliminate existing trusted third parties such as governments, international organizations that provide CSR reporting standards, major CSR reporting assurance companies and major CSR infomediaries. In particular, blockchain technology can be used as a platform that integrates all traditional trusted third parties, transforms their functions, and reduces their drawbacks for advancing CSR reporting. We also demonstrate that a permissionless public blockchain would be the most suitable structure.
Probabilistic Risk Assessments for Static Equipment Integrity
Authors: Sokolov Yury
Published: July 2022

The mechanical integrity of batch-produced machinery is successfully safeguarded using online condition monitoring and reliability theory principles. However, the integrity of nonreplaceable static equipment (pressure vessels, cranes, bridges, and other critical infrastructure) is still widely assured and managed using basic equations (e.g., safety factors and design loads), with no or little regard to the probabilistic nature of their operational damage. The gap between the deterministic “remnant life” assumptions and the probabilistic reality restrains the implementation of new asset integrity technologies (advanced condition monitoring and asset management) because these novel tools are not supported by a numeric cost/benefit analysis in many practical cases. The latter is impossible to implement confidently, while the probability of failure (PoF) versus time remains unquantified. The solution to this problem is holistic and logical: individual equipment integrity analysis now needs to be upgraded to the probabilistic terms at all the stages of life. Even well-known asset integrity technologies can help achieve this goal, providing that they are considered and utilized from the standpoint of harmonizing and aligning their outputs with risk owner’s actual decision-making. This chapter shows real-life case studies to briefly illustrate how the existing integrity engineering tools can be advanced via further PoF considerations, in order to provide the outputs needed for a cost/benefit-based confident and compliant risk control.
Immunotherapy of Metastatic Melanoma
Authors: Jinga Dan-Corneliu , Jinga Maria-Ruxandra
Published: July 2022

Immunotherapy is part of the new treatments that significantly improved the prognostic of metastatic melanoma patients. The article reviews briefly the old immunotherapeutic approaches e.g., interferon-𝛼2 and interleukin-2, and focuses on immune checkpoint inhibitors such as anti-CTLA-4 inhibitors and anti-PD-1 inhibitors in monotherapy or in combination (dual immune blockade). We detailed the results from CheckMate and KEYNOTTE clinical trials that lead to US Food and Drug Administration and European Medicines Agency approvals of the new agents for the treatment of advanced melanoma. The chapter concentrates on the algorithms for BRAF wild-type and BRAF mutated metastatic melanoma treatments, according to American (NCCN) and European (ESMO) guidelines. We underlined the first line, second line, and subsequent lines of treatment for both melanoma subtypes and for particular cases, such as in-transit metastasis or brain metastasis. A special attention was paid to treatment options for early and late disease progression (primary and acquired resistance after adjuvant therapy). Unfortunately, the new immune agents produce a higher toxicity rate, mainly immune adverse events. Also, these drugs can interact with the gut microbiome and with antibiotics, decreasing the efficacy of immune therapy. Finally, we review the new directions for immune therapy e.g., new immune combinations, the association of immune and targeted therapies, and adoptive cellular therapy with tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, interleukin-2, and anti-PD-1.
Perspective Chapter: Building an Online Ecosystem for English Teaching and Learning in the Times of Covid-19 Pandemic and Beyond
Authors: Quoc Hung Luu Nguyen
Published: July 2022

Online education is a revolutionary trend of educational technology today, particularly, since the Covid-19 pandemic, online classes have become the cornerstone of modern education. The rapid growth of online learning is challenging the relevance of traditional higher education systems. Although many efforts from educational institutions to promote online teaching and learning have rapidly increased, progress is far from sufficient, especially when a model of an online learning system needs further examination in practice after the pandemic. This chapter reports a case study at the center of foreign languages in Vietnam, addressing the need to develop an online learning ecosystem during the pandemic crisis and beyond. Characteristics of an online learning ecosystem are presented and basic steps of developing an online ecosystem for English teaching and learning are discussed in detail. The suggested ecosystem should cover the five key components including teaching environment, relationships between teachers and learners and between learners and learners, teaching methods, teaching content and resources, and teaching evaluation. Several recommendations for strengthening an online learning ecosystem are also presented.
Arumatia, a new genus of Diapheromerinae stick insects (Insecta, Phasmatodea) from Brazil, with description of five new species and reassessment of species misplaced in Australian genera
Authors: Ghirotto Victor Morais , Crispino Edgar Blois , Engelking Phillip Watzke , Neves Pedro Alvaro Barbosa Aguiar , De Góis Júlia , Chiquetto-Machado Pedro Ivo
Published: July 2022

Two species of stick insect with a distinctive morphology, Candovia evoneobertii (Zompro & Adis, 2001) and Echetlus fulgens Zompro, 2004, were considered to be native to Australia and introduced into Brazil. However, Heteronemia dubia (Caudell, 1904) and Heteronemia fragilis (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1907), both described more than a hundred years ago from South America, exhibit striking similarities with the two purportedly introduced species and are found to be conspecific with C. evoneobertii. Careful analysis of the literature and specimens revealed that these species belong to the Neotropical tribe Diapheromerini (Diapheromeridae) and represent a new genus, Arumatia Ghirotto gen. nov. We therefore propose Arumatia fulgens (Zompro, 2004) gen. et comb. nov. and Arumatia dubia (Caudell, 1904) gen. et comb. nov. We further redescribe A. dubia (Caudell, 1904) gen. et comb. nov. based on several specimens and synonymize Heteronemia fragilis syn. nov. and Candovia evoneobertii syn. nov. under it. Additionally, five new Brazilian species are described: Arumatia diamante Ghirotto gen. et sp. nov. from Abaíra, Bahia; Arumatia aramatia Ghirotto gen. et sp. nov. from Porto Nacional, Tocantins; Arumatia motenata Ghirotto gen. et sp. nov. from Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais; Arumatia crassicercata Ghirotto, Crispino & Engelking gen. et sp. nov. from Alto Paraíso de Goiás, Goiás; and Arumatia anyami Ghirotto, Crispino & Neves gen. et sp. nov. from Costa Marques, Rondônia. Species of Arumatia gen. nov. occur mostly in the Cerrado domain, and represent the first Diapheromeridae recorded in this area. Most species are known exclusively from females with only A. aramatia gen. et sp. nov. and A. motenata gen. et sp. nov. known from both sexes. Adult and egg morphology are described and illustrated in detail for all species, as well as the nymph stages for A. dubia. Biological observations are presented, including parthenogeny in A. dubia and one of the few detailed accounts of sexual behaviour in Euphasmatodea (for A. motenata gen. et sp. nov.). Finally, a species of Diapheromerini described in error from Brazil, Diapheromera armata Piza, 1973, is synonymized under the North American Megaphasma denticrus (Stål, 1875) (syn. nov.).
Antimicrobial activity of dermocosmetic formulations based on Piptadenia gonoacantha
Authors: Franco Adriane Jane , Pereira Cassia Gondim , Silva Karen Vieira da , Almeida Gabriel Feu Guarçoni de , Amaro Marilane de Oliveira Fani , Caldeira Eliana Amaro de Carvalho , Oliveira Leandro Licursi de , Nonato Idelvânia dos Anjos , Rosa Marcelo Barcellos da , Carvalho Camilo Amaro de
Published: July 2022

The search for herbal innovations with medicinal properties has intensified. As for this matter, the extracts of Piptadenia gonoacantha, present antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive action, as well as absence of proven toxicity. The objective was to evaluate the antibacterial action of formulations containing extracts of Piptadenia gonoacantha. The extract was prepared and characterized by liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). This was used for the development of cream, ointment, gel, balm and liquid soaps formulations, being submitted to evaluation, along with the extracts, for antibacterial activity. The characterization of the extract revealed the presence of rutin, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, quercitrin, canferol, apigenin and 6-hydroxycoumarin in their constitution. The formulations presented inhibition halos against strains of S. aureus and S. epidermides, with mean efficiency, relative to the positive control, of 47% to 99%. The best results were found for the S. epidermides strain with a mean of 91.5% efficiency in relation to the control. The presence of the metabolites observed in the characterization of the extract justifies the antibacterial action observed in its evaluation, as well as to the formulations. The formulations evaluated have promising antibacterial activity as natural therapeutic alternatives for the treatment of infectious processes.
Biodiversity in urban centers: knowing and acknowledging palm trees in Antônio Danubio Park
Authors: Alves Karina de Nazaré Lima , Lucas Flávia Cristina Araújo , Gois Maria Antonia Ferreira
Published: July 2022

The green areas conservation in urban perimeters is an effective way to maintain native plant species, in addition to the important socio-environmental role they play in cities. Parque Antônio Danúbio is a conserved forest fragment in the metropolitan area of Belém, Pará, which presents a great diversity of native flora species, especially palm trees. The present study objective was to carry out a survey of the palm trees in Parque Antônio Danúbio aiming to know the vegetation structure through the distribution and frequency of the registered species. The study was made using a qualitative approach, frequency and structure analyzes (height classes) were also carried out. Nine palm species were identified, being açaí (Euterpe oleracea Mart.), mumbaca (Astrocaryum gynacanthum Mart.) and bacaba (Oenocarpus bacaba Mart.) the most frequent. Individuals distribution in the height classes indicated that there is regeneration in the environment. Such results show that Parque Antônio Danúbio presents a representative diversity of native palm trees, and the populations of these species enjoy good conditions for their development.