bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the Influence of Train Vibration Loading on Adjacent Damaged Tunnel
Authors: Zhao Yiding , Shi Yao , Yang Junsheng
Published: April 2019

In this study, the effect of the high‐speed train vibration loading on an adjacent damaged tunnel is investigated. Three sets are established to study the effects of the different vibration loadings on the tunnel lining considering the vertical excitation force of the CRH (China Railway High‐speed) train. An expression of excitation force for the train vibration loading is applied to simulate the interaction force between wheel and rail, which is set with high‐, medium‐, and low‐frequency responses, and reflects the influences of driving comfort, additional dynamic load, and rail corrugations. The eigenvalue analysis and spring damping absorbing boundary are applied in the numerical simulation. In addition, a quantitative criterion is selected as the allowable vibration peak velocity for the cracked structure. The analysis of the vibration velocity, dynamic deformation, and acceleration of the cracking region show that the secondary lining of this damaged tunnel in set 1 basically has a higher vibration response than that in set 2 for the closer running track. The most adverse working condition with the greatest impact on the lining structure is that two CRH trains simultaneously passing through the cross section in set 3.
Mathematical Expression of Design Hysteretic Energy Spectra Based on Chinese Soil Type
Authors: Ma Cuiling , Gu Qiang , Sun Guohua
Published: April 2019

This paper explores the energy‐based seismic design based on source‐to‐site distance and the site classification found in Chinese national codes. Specifically, 750 ground motion records were selected according to Chinese site classification, and the equivalent velocity spectra of cumulative hysteretic energy (HE) demand were derived using the energy‐balance equation with the single degree of freedom (SDOF) system. In addition, the effects of soil type, earthquake magnitude, site group, structural damping ratio, and ductility ratio were investigated on the HE spectra, and mathematical expression of the equivalent velocity spectrum was presented. The analysis of the HE spectra indicated that the HE spectra were significantly affected by the ground acceleration amplitude, soil type, site group, and damping ratio. The ductility ratio also had an impact on the spectral value, but no effect on the spectral shape. The effect of postyielding stiffness ratio (PYSR) on the spectral shape and spectral value could be neglected. The research findings shed new light on the seismic design based on HE spectrum.
An Atypical Clinical Manifestation of a Hump-Nosed Pit Viper Envenomation
Authors: Ehelepola N. D. B. , Karunathilaka C. N. , Liyanage G. L. H. S. , Wickramaarachchi W. A. C. B. , Samarathunga J. R. P. U. , Dissanayake Wasantha P.
Published: April 2019

Envenomations by hump-nosed pit vipers (HNVs) are frequent in Sri Lanka and in South India. Until recently, HNV was considered a moderately venomous snake. Here, we report a case of a previously healthy female developing all the known serious complications, plus some previously unreported complications following a HNV envenomation. She had muscarinic symptoms like profuse sweating and salivation within a couple of minutes and a seizure several minutes after envenomation. Her acute kidney injury (AKI) was swift onset and progressed to end-stage renal failure at three months. She had mild parotid swelling, crepitations in her lungs, and edema of the bitten leg. She had evidence of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and hemolytic uremic syndrome as well. She developed local tissue necrosis, a non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (non-STEMI), and anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION) following the envenomation. We believe the best explanation for her swift onset complication is intravascular injection of venom. We believe ischemia due to thrombotic microangiopathy has contributed to local tissue necrosis. Those ischemia and kidney failure have contributed to non-STEMI and AION. We illustrate the issue of the sluggish progress made by medicine in understanding the complications of envenomation by using HNV as an example.
Fecal Microbiota of Diarrhea-Predominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients Causes Hepatic Inflammation of Germ-Free Rats and Berberine Reverses It Partially
Authors: Jia Qiong , Zhang Lu , Zhang Jindong , Pei Fei , Zhu Shiwei , Sun Qinghua , Duan Liping
Published: April 2019

Effects of the microbiome associated with diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) on the gut have been reported, but no study has reported the effects of the IBS-D gut microbiome on the liver. We transplanted the fecal microbiota from an IBS-D patient and from a healthy volunteer to GF rats. The hepatic inflammation, serum biochemical parameters and metabolome, fecal microbiota profile, fecal short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and correlations among them before and after berberine intervention were assessed. Compared with the healthy control fecal microbiome transplantation (FMT) rats, the fecal microbiota of IBS-D patients induces significant Kupffer cell hyperplasia, hepatic sinusoid hypertrophy, and elevated levels of hepatic tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ and decreases the synthesis of ALB in GF rats. This is possibly related to Faecalibacterium and Bifidobacterium attributable to fecal formate, acetate, and propionate levels, which are associated with the host linoleic acid pathway. Berberine can partially reverse the Kupffer cell hyperplasia, Faecalibacterium, fecal formate, acetate, and propionate by modulating the gut microbiome composition. These results may imply that IBS-D not only is an intestinal functional disorder but can cause liver inflammation, thus providing some implications regarding the clinical cognition and treatment of IBS-D.
TANet: A Tiny Plankton Classification Network for Mobile Devices
Authors: Li Xiu , Long Rujiao , Yan Jiangpeng , Jin Kun , Lee Jihae
Published: April 2019

This paper is devoted to a lightweight convolutional neural network based on the attention mechanism called the tiny attention network (TANet). The TANet consists of three main parts termed as a reduction module, self-attention operation, and group convolution. The reduction module alleviates information loss caused by the pooling operation. The new parameter-free self-attention operation makes the model to focus on learning important parts of images. The group convolution achieves model compression and multibranch fusion. Using the main parts, the proposed network enables efficient plankton classification on mobile devices. The performance of the proposed network is evaluated on the Plankton dataset collected by Oregon State University’s Hatfield Marine Science Center. The results show that TANet outperforms other deep models in speed (31.8 ms per image), size (648 kB, the size of the hard disk space occupied by the model), and accuracy (Top-1 76.5%, Top-5 96.3%).
Calculation Methods for the Permeability Coefficient of Concrete Face Rockfill Dam with Cracks
Authors: Shi Zhongwen , Wu Zhongru , Gu Chongshi , Chen Bo , Zhang Hailong , Yin Wenzhong , Wu Bangbin
Published: April 2019

The permeability coefficient of a concrete slab rockfill dam (CFRD) was calculated in this paper on the basis of the equivalent quasi‐continuum model for the percolation of crack‐intensive face. This calculation helped simplify the establishment of a finite element model and improve the efficiency of calculating the seepage of dams. Moreover, an inversion algorithm based on particle swarm optimization and support vector machine was proposed and applied. Comparison of the permeability coefficients produced from the two methods showed minimal difference. On this basis, the seepage field of the dam was analyzed. The analysis and field monitoring data reveal that the proposed algorithm is of high application value, which lays a foundation for future studies on the seepage properties of CFRD with cracks.
Risk Factors Associated with Upper Extremity Musculoskeletal Disorders among Barbers in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia, 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mekonnen Tesfaye Hambisa , Abere Giziew , Olkeba Shalema Wedajo
Published: April 2019

Background. Work-related upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders (WUEDs) often present remarkable health and economic burdens on society. Occupational barbers are usually neglected both in research and policy actions, mainly in developing countries, and hence are likely subjected to the conditions. So far, information about factors that influence WUEDs among barbers in Ethiopia is inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate prevalence and factors associated with WUEDs among barbers in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Methods. We conducted a cross-sectional study from March to April 2018. A sample of 424 participants were recruited using systematic random sampling technique. A standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire was pretested and interviewer-administered for data collection. The data were analyzed by SPSS version 20 software. We set statistical significances at <0.05pvalue with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and computed odds ratios to evaluate strength of associations.Results. The response rate was 98.3% (N=417). The mean age was 26.39 (SD + 4.805) years. The prevalence of upper extremity musculoskeletal disorders over the past 12 months was 56.8% (N=237). Upper back pain was observed in 38.8% (N=162) participants, whereas shoulder (27.1% (N=113)), neck pain and elbow/forearms (each 29.3% (N=122)), and wrists/hand disorders (32.4% (N=135)) were the common body sites indicated. Age (AOR: 2.614; 95% CI (1.287, 5.307)), alcohol use (AOR: 3.556; 95% CI (2.212, 5.717)), frequent standing (AOR: 1.536; 95% CI (1.006, 2.346)), physical exercises (AOR: 1.938; 95% CI (1.216, 3.089)), and low monthly salary (AOR: 3.125; 95% CI (1.157, 5.441)) were factors associated with work-related upper extremity disorders.Conclusions. Work-related upper extremity disorder is common among hairdressing professionals. Worksite health promotions targeted to lifestyle behaviors, like physical exercise and alcohol consumption require urgent public health actions in Ethiopia. Moreover, adaption of flexible work postures and proper management of workplace conditions related to aging workforces are also imperative to trace the complaints.
Numerical Analysis on the Effects of Binary Interaction between Typhoons Tembin and Bolaven in 2012
Authors: Xian Zhipeng , Chen Keyi
Published: April 2019

The binary interaction is one of the most challenging factors to improve the forecast accuracy of multiple tropical cyclones (TCs) in close vicinity. The effect of binary interaction usually results in anomalous track and variable intensity of TCs. A typical interaction type, one-way influence mode, has been investigated by many studies which mainly focused on the anomalous track and record-breaking precipitation, such as typhoons Morakot and Goni. In this paper, a typical case of this type, typhoons Tembin and Bolaven, occurred in the western North Pacific in August 2012, was selected to study how one typhoon impacts the track and intensity of the other one. The vortex of Tembin or Bolaven and the monsoon circulation were removed by a TC bogus scheme and a low-pass Lanczos filter, respectively, to carry out the numerical experiments. The results show that the presence of monsoon made the binary interaction more complex by affecting the tracks and the translation speeds of the TCs. The influence of Bolaven on the track of Tembin was more significant than the influence of Tembin on the track of Bolaven, and the looping track of Tembin was also affected by the external surrounding circulation associated with Bolaven. The absence of Tembin was not conducive to the development of Bolaven due to stronger vertical wind shear condition and the less kinetic energy being transported to upper troposphere. Note that the above analysis demonstrates the interacting processes between TCs and sheds some light on the prediction of binary TCs.
Prognostic Significance of the Lymphocyte-to-Monocyte Ratio in Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy: A Meta-Analysis of 5638 Individuals
Authors: Ma Jian-ying , Hu Gang , Liu Qin
Published: April 2019

Introduction. A growing number of studies have explored the association between the pretreatment lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and survival outcomes in various cancers. However, its prognostic significance on bladder cancer remains inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognostic value of pretreatment LMR in bladder cancer. Methods. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and CNKI databases were comprehensively searched for relevant studies. A meta-analysis of overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), or cancer-specific survival (CSS) clinicopathological features was conducted. Results. Nine studies containing 5,638 cancer patients were analyzed in this meta-analysis. Patients with high LMR tended to have favourable OS (HR: 0.63, 95% CI: 0.50-0.80, P<0.001), RFS (HR: 0.59, 95% CI: 0.38-0.91, P=0.017), and CSS (HR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.70-0.83, P<0.001). Moreover, low LMR was highly correlated with age (≥60), differentiation (low), T stage (III-IV), lymph node metastasis (yes), and concomitant Cis (yes). Conclusion. Pretreatment LMR might be a useful predictor of survival outcomes in patients with bladder cancer.
Cecropia pachystachyaLeaves Present Potential to Be Used as New Ingredient for Antiaging Dermocosmetics
Authors: Fernandes Maria Fernanda , Conegundes Jessica Leiras Mota , Pinto Nícolas de Castro Campos , Oliveira Luiz Gustavo de , Aguiar Jair Adriano Kopke de , Souza-Fagundes Elaine Maria , Scio Elita
Published: April 2019

Several biological activities have been reported for leaf extracts ofCecropia pachystachyaspecies, including antioxidant and wound healing activities. This study aims to report, for the first time, the antiaging potential of the hydroethanolic (HE) and the ethanolic (EE) extracts obtained from the leaves ofC. pachystachyausing differentin vitroassays. Both HE and EE presented relevant antioxidant capacity in different models, including phosphomolybdenum, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), carotene/linoleic acid bleaching, and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) assays. Their ability to prevent the production of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) was also evaluated, and both extracts showed important activity, especially HE. The extracts also stimulated the fibroblasts proliferationin vitro, specialized cells that produce several mediators which maintain the skin integrity and youthfulness. Cytotoxicity of the extracts was not observed for this lineage or HEK-293, human embryonic kidney cells widely used to evaluate cytotoxicity of chemical compounds. HE also exhibited the ability to inhibit the collagenase (metalloproteinase MMP-2) and elastase activities. The total phenolic and flavonoids contents were also determined. HPLC analysis revealed the presence of the flavonoids orientin and iso-orientin, which were quantified to be used as chemical markers. The results suggested that the extracts ofC. pachystachyaleaves present the potential to be used in dermocosmetic formulations to prevent the skin aging process, which attracts the attention of pharmaceutical companies and researchers interested in the development of novel ingredients likely to be used as active principles in antiaging products.
Separation Method of Impulsive Fault Component for Gasoline Engine Based on Acoustic Signal Analysis
Authors: Dayong Ning , Yuhua Jiang , Hongyu Sun , Zengmeng Zhang , Yongjun Gong , Shengtao Chen , Jiaoyi Hou
Published: April 2019

This paper presents a developed dislocation superimposed method (DSM) for automatically extracting the component of impulsive signals from abnormal noise signals of an engine at a single speed range on the basis of the initial DSM. This method consists of three steps: using a correlation analysis to select an appropriate starting superposition point, superimposing abnormal sound signals to improve the signal‐to‐noise ratio, and intercepting superimposed signals to separate the fault component. Experimental results show that the developed DSM can effectively extract the fault characteristics of cylinder knocking and connecting rod bearing knocking. The developed approach can be applied to separate the fault characteristics of other types of rotating machines.
Overexpression of BRCA1 in Neural Stem Cells Enhances Cell Survival and Functional Recovery after Transplantation into Experimental Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Xu Pengfei , Shi Xiaolei , Zhang Xiaohao , Liu Qian , Xie Yi , Hong Ye , Li Juanji , Peng Mengna , Liu Xinfeng , Xu Gelin
Published: April 2019

Transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising therapy for ischemic stroke. However, the effectiveness of this approach is limited by grafted cell death. Breast cancer susceptibility protein 1 (BRCA1) could suppress apoptosis in neural progenitors and modulate oxidative stress in neurons. In this study, we found that BRCA1 was upregulated by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R). Overexpression of BRCA1 in NSCs reduced cell apoptosis and oxidative stress after OGD/R insult. The molecule overexpression also stimulated cellular proliferation in OGD/R NSCs and increased the survival rate of grafted cells. Further, the transplantation of BRCA1-transfected NSCs into mice with ischemic stroke increased brain-derived neurotropic factor and nerve growth factor expression in the brain and elicited neurological function improvement. In addition, we found that RING finger domain and BRCT domain of BRCA1 could physically interact with p53 in NSCs. The cross talk between BRCA1 RING finger domain and p53 was responsible for p53 ubiquitination and degradation. Our findings indicate that modification with BRCA1 could enhance the efficacy of NSCs transplantation in ischemic stroke.
Aspirin Exposure and Mortality Risk among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Fan Lai lai , Xie Cheng Peng , Wu Yi Ming , Gu Xi jie , Chen Ying he , Wang Yi jun
Published: April 2019

Background. Prostate cancer (PCa) is the ninth most common cause of cancer death globally. Many studies have investigated aspirin exposure and mortality risk among PCa patients, returning inconsistent results. We conducted a comprehensive meta-analysis to explore the association between aspirin exposure and mortality risk among PCa patients and to investigate potential dose/duration/frequency-response relationships. Methods and Results. Studies published from 1980 to 2018 of PubMed and EMBASE databases were searched. We included 14 studies with 110,000 participants. Multivariate-adjusted odds ratios (ORs) were pooled using random-effect models. Potential dose/duration/frequency-response relationships were evaluated for aspirin exposure and prostate cancer-specific mortality (PCSM) risk. We did not detect an association between the highest aspirin exposure and mortality risk (PCSM of prediagnostic aspirin exposure, OR: 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87-1. 07, I2 = 0%; PCSM of postdiagnostic aspirin exposure, OR:0.92, 95% CI: 0.77-1.10, I2 = 56.9%; all-cause mortality [ACM] of prediagnostic aspirin exposure, OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.88-1.04, I2 = 9.4%; ACM of postdiagnostic aspirin exposure, OR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.73-1.23, I2 = 88.9%). There was no significant dose/frequency-response association observed for aspirin exposure and PCSM risk. On duration-response analysis, we found that short-term postdiagnostic aspirin exposure (shorter than 2.5 years) increased the risk of PCSM. Conclusions. Our meta-analysis suggests that there is no association between aspirin exposure and PCSM risk. Nor is there an association between the highest aspirin exposure and ACM risk among PCa patients. More studies are needed for a further dose/duration/frequency-response meta-analysis.
Numerical Investigation into the Effect of Geometric Gap Idealisation on Wheel‐Rail Rolling Contact in Presence of Yaw Angle
Authors: An Boyang , Wen Jing , Wang Panjie , Wang Ping , Chen Rong , Xu Jingmang
Published: April 2019

For a fast calculation of vehicle‐track dynamics and wheel‐rail contact mechanics, wheel‐rail contact geometric gap is usually idealised in elliptic or nonelliptic form. These two idealisations deviate from the actual one if the lateral combined curvature within the contact patch is not constant or the yaw angle of wheelset exists. The influence of these idealisations on contact solution has not yet been deeply understood, and thus the accuracy of simplified contact modelling applied to vehicle‐track dynamics and wheel‐rail contact mechanics remains uncertain. This paper presents a numerical methodology to treat 3D wheel‐rail rolling contact, in which the asymmetric geometric gap due to yaw angle is fully taken into account. The attention of this work is placed on investigating the effect of geometric gap idealisation on wheel‐rail contact force, rolling contact solution, and wear distribution. It can help with the effective wheel‐rail contact modelling on the computation of both vehicle‐track dynamics and wheel‐rail contact mechanics.
Bronchial Epithelial Cells Promote the Differentiation of Th2 Lymphocytes in Airway Microenvironment through Jagged/Notch-1 Signaling after RSV Infection
Authors: Qin Ling , Qiu Ke-zi , Hu Cheng-ping , Wu Guo-jun , Wang Li-li , Tan Yu-rong
Published: April 2019

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of Notch-1 signaling through Notch-1 ligands on bronchial epithelial cells (BECs) in regulating the development of T helper 2 (Th2) lymphocytes after RSV infection. Methods: Firstly, we analyzed the expression of cytokines and Notch-1 ligands in BECs by using real-time PCR. Then, RSV-infected BECs were co-cultured with CD4+ T cells in a transwell chamber for 48 h, and differentiation of T cells in the lower chamber was determined using flow cytometry and real-time PCR. JAG1 siRNA was then used to determine the effects of Jagged/Notch-1 signaling on the differentiation of Th2. An RSV-infected mouse model was also used to analyze the secretion of Th differentiation-associated cytokines in serum and lung tissues using ELISA, the histopathological changes using HE staining, and the expression of JAG1 and JAG2 in BECs. Results: The results showed that RSV promoted the expression of Th2-type cytokines and Jagged-1 and inhibited the expression of Jagged-2 in normal BECs. RSV-infected BECs induced Th2 differentiation. In addition, JAG1 downregulation inhibited the differentiation of Th2 and promoted differentiation of Th1. In the RSV-infected mouse model, the RSV titer, inflammation decreased with time. IL-4 and IL-17 increased on day 28 and 60, while IFNγ increased on day 7 and 28. Moreover, the expression of Jagged-1 increased and that of Jagged-2 decreased in BECs, which was consistent with IL-4 production in lung tissues. Conclusion: Our data showed that BECs had the potential to promote the differentiation of Th2 lymphocytes through Jagged-1/Notch-1 signaling.
Serum Magnesium Levels and Mortality in Japanese Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tamura Tomomi , Unagami Kohei , Okazaki Masayuki , Komatsu Mizuki , Nitta Kosaku
Published: April 2019

Background/Aims: Although hypomagnesemia was found to be a risk for cardiovascular diseases in the general population, the relationship between serum magnesium (Mg) levels and prognosis of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) has not been extensively studied. This study sought to determine the relationship of serum Mg levels with aortic arch calcification (AoAC) and mortality in Japanese MHD patients. Methods: We measured serum Mg levels in a cohort of 392 patients on MHD, classified the patients into 3 groups according to these levels, and followed their course for 4 years. AoAC was assessed using chest-X-rays. Results: During follow-up, there were 117 deaths. Kaplan-Meier analyses showed that the high serum Mg group tended to have better survival rates than the low and middle serum Mg groups but this did not reach statistical significance. We also found that patients in the high serum Mg group had better nutritional status associated with higher serum albumin, triglyceride, and phosphate levels and had a significantly lower serum C-reactive protein level. In total, 83 patients (59.3%) in the high serum Mg group had been prescribed Mg oxide (MgO). Conclusions: Hypermagnesemia tended to be associated with better survival and a higher prescription rate of MgO. Interventional studies are needed to clarify whether Mg supplementation is beneficial for improving patient prognosis.
Laparoscopic Resection of a Primary Retroperitoneal Mucinous Cystadenoma
Authors: Koyama Ryota , Maeda Yoshiaki , Minagawa Nozomi , Shinohara Toshiki , Hamada Tomonori
Published: April 2019

Primary retroperitoneal mucinous cystadenoma (PRMC) is a rare cystic lesion occurring mostly in women with a histological analogy to ovarian mucinous cystadenoma. The tumor is difficult to detect during early stages because it causes symptoms only when it grows large enough to be palpable or to displace the adjacent internal organs. The primary treatment is resection, but the optimal surgical approach remains poorly known. We report the case of a 41-year-old woman who complained of right-sided intermittent abdominal pain. Imaging studies revealed a right retroperitoneal smooth cystic lesion (50 mm) without invasive features. Laparoscopic resection was then performed. During surgery, a right retroperitoneal mass with no connection to neighboring tissues was found. The tumor, wrapped by retroperitoneal fat tissue, was resected and removed from the body without exposure. Furthermore, histopathological findings indicated PRMC. The patient was discharged without any complications and observed to have no recurrence 6 months postoperatively.
Pulley Traction-Assisted Colonic Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Shichijo Satoki , Takeuchi Yoji , Matsuno Kenshi , Uedo Noriya , Kono Mitsuhiro , Fukuda Hiromu , Shimamoto Yusaku , Nakagawa Kentaro , Ohmori Masayasu , Iwatsubo Taro , Iwagami Hiroyoshi , Inoue Shuntaro , Matsuura Noriko , Nakahira Hiroko , Maekawa Akira , Kanesaka Takashi , Higashino Koji , Ishihara Ryu
Published: April 2019

Background and Study Aims: We have reported the usefulness of traction-assisted colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection (TAC-ESD) to overcome the technical difficulty of colorectal ESD. However, the direction of traction is toward the anal side only. We retrospectively evaluate the safety and efficacy of “pulley” TAC-ESD. Patients and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients diagnosed with colorectal polyps and treated by “pulley” TAC-ESD at Osaka International Cancer Institute from December 2017 to June 2018. Results: During the study period, 79 patients with 81 lesions were treated by ESD, and 54 of these patients were treated by traction-assisted ESD. Among them, 7 underwent “pulley” traction-assisted ESD (6 men, 1 woman; age, 48–69 years), resulting in en bloc resection with no complications. This afforded good visibility of the submucosal layer in 6 patients, but it was not effective in the remaining patient with the muscle-retracting sign. Conclusion: The “pulley” method affords good visibility of the submucosal layer by changing the traction direction in cases that are difficult to manage by conventional traction-assisted ESD.
Noninvasive Vagus Nerve Stimulation Prevents Ruptures and Improves Outcomes in a Model of Intracranial Aneurysm in Mice
Authors: Suzuki Tomoaki , Takizawa Tsubasa , Kamio Yoshinobu , Qin Tao , Hashimoto Tomoki , Fujii Yukihiko , Murayama Yuichi , Patel Aman B. , Ayata Cenk
Published: April 2019

Background and Purpose—

Inflammation is a critical determinant of aneurysmal wall destabilization, growth, and rupture risk. Targeting inflammation may suppress aneurysm rupture. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) has been shown to suppress inflammation both systemically and in the central nervous system. Therefore, we tested the effect of a novel noninvasive transcutaneous VNS approach on aneurysm rupture and outcome in a mouse model of intracranial aneurysm formation with wall inflammation.

Methods—

Aneurysms were induced by a single stereotaxic injection of elastase into the cerebrospinal fluid at the skull base, combined with systemic deoxycorticosterone-salt hypertension, without or with high-salt diet, for mild or severe outcomes, respectively. Cervical VNS (two 2-minute stimulations 5 minutes apart) was delivered once a day starting from the day after elastase injection for the duration of follow-up. Transcutaneous stimulation of the femoral nerve (FNS) served as control. Multiple aneurysms developed in the circle of Willis and its major branches, resulting in spontaneous ruptures and subarachnoid hemorrhage, neurological deficits, and mortality.

Results—

In the milder model, VNS significantly reduced aneurysm rupture rate compared with FNS (29% versus 80%, respectively). Subarachnoid hemorrhage grades were also lower in the VNS group. In the more severe model, both VNS and FNS arms developed very high rupture rates (77% and 85%, respectively). However, VNS significantly improved the survival rate compared with FNS after rupture (median survival 13 versus 6 days, respectively), without diminishing the subarachnoid hemorrhage grades. Chronic daily VNS reduced MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) expression compared with FNS, providing a potential mechanism of action. As an important control, chronic daily VNS did not alter systemic arterial blood pressure compared with FNS.

Conclusions—

VNS can reduce aneurysm rupture rates and improve the outcome from ruptured aneurysms.
Scientific Results of the Kumejima Marine Biodiversity Expedition—KUMEJIMA 2009 (cover)
Authors: NARUSE TOHRU , CHAN TIN-YAM , TAN HEOK HUI , AHYONG SHANE T. , REIMER JAMES DAVIS
Published: April 2019

cover
Kume tigra, a new genus and new species of carupine swimming crab (Crustacea: Brachyura: Portunidae) from Kume Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan
Authors: NARUSE TOHRU , NG PETER K. L.
Published: April 2019

A new genus and species of swimming crab of the family Portunidae Rafinesque, 1815, is described from Kume Island,Ryukyus, Japan. The new genus of the subfamily Carupinae Paul’son, 1875 is allied to the genera Pele Ng, 2011, andLibystes A. Milne-Edwards, 1867, but differs in the shapes of the carapace, thoracic sternum, third maxilliped, merus of the cheliped, fifth pereiopod, male abdomen and gonopods.
New species of the copepod genus Anthessius Della Valle, 1880 (Poecilostomatoida: Anthessiidae) from Turbo marmoratus Linnaeus (Gastropoda: Turbinidae) collected during the KUMEJIMA 2009 Expedition
Authors: UYENO DAISUKE , NAGASAWA KAZUYA
Published: April 2019

Anthessius isamusi n. sp. is described based on female and male specimens from a turbinid gastropod, Turbo marmoratusLinnaeus, collected in the East China Sea off Kumejima Island, the Ryukyu Islands, southern Japan, during the KUME-JIMA 2009 Expedition. The female of the new species is differentiated from its congeners by the following combinationof characters: 1) the absence of denticles on the ventral surface of the anal somite; 2) the length to width ratio of the caudalramus; 3) the antenna bearing 4 claws; 4) the maxilla with 3 distal teeth; 5) the exopod of leg 4 with 3 spines on the terminal segment, and; 6) leg 5 with a rod-like terminal segment.
Two newly recorded invasive alien ascidians (Chordata, Tunicata, Ascidiacea) based on morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis in Korea
Authors: PYO JOOYEON , LEE TAEKJUN , SHIN SOOK
Published: April 2019

We report five alien ascidians with some distinct features that were investigated from August 2009 to October 2011 in Korea, among which Ascidiella aspersa (Müller, 1776) belonging to family Ascidiidae of order Phlebobranchia and Molgula manhattensis (De Kay, 1843) belonging to family Molgulidae of order Stolidobranchia are newly discovered invasive species. These ascidians were identified and their phylogenetic relationships were clarified through molecular analysis using about 680 bp of nuclear 18S rDNA and about 670 bp of mt-COI genes along with detailed morphological characteristics, and reported for the first time in Korea. It was discovered that A. aspersa was widespread three coastlines of Korea except Jeju Island, and M. manhattensis first found in Mokpo, Gunsan, and Incheon in June 2010 extended into Busan of Korea Strait in 2011.
Six exotic terrestrial earthworms (Oligochaeta: Megadrilacea: Moniligastridae, Lumbricidae, Ocnerodrilidae & Megascolecidae) newly added to Korean species biodiversity list
Authors: BLAKEMORE ROBERT J. , CHO JOO-LAE , PARK TAE SEO
Published: April 2019

Preliminary inspection by the principal author of the NIBR Oligochaete collection, maintained by marine Annelida curator T.-S. Park, revealed several new endemic species, such as an Amynthas sp. nov. described in the current Zootaxa issue, plus three of the six exotics titled above. Three additional new exotic records are the results of recent in-country collection by the authors in early 2012 that together raise the Korean earthworm biodiversity count to ~113 named species.
Cladocera (Crustacea: Branchiopoda) of the south-east of the Korean Peninsula, with twenty new records for Korea
Authors: KOTOV ALEXEY A. , JEONG HYUN GI , LEE WONCHOEL
Published: April 2019

We studied the cladocerans from 15 different freshwater bodies in south-east of the Korean Peninsula. Twenty species are first records for Korea, viz. 1. Sida ortiva Korovchinsky, 1979; 2. Pseudosida cf. szalayi (Daday, 1898); 3. Scapholeberis kingi Sars, 1888; 4. Simocephalus congener (Koch, 1841); 5. Moinodaphnia macleayi (King, 1853); 6. Ilyocryptus cuneatus Štifter, 1988; 7. Ilyocryptus cf. raridentatus Smirnov, 1989; 8. Ilyocryptus spinifer Herrick, 1882; 9. Macrothrix pennigera Shen, Sung & Chen, 1961; 10. Macrothrix triserialis Brady, 1886; 11. Bosmina (Sinobosmina) fatalis Burckhardt, 1924; 12. Chydorus irinae Smirnov & Sheveleva, 2010; 13. Disparalona ikarus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 14. Ephemeroporus cf. barroisi (Richard, 1894); 15. Camptocercus uncinatus Smirnov, 1971; 16. Camptocercus vietnamensis Than, 1980; 17. Kurzia (Rostrokurzia) longirostris (Daday, 1898); 18. Leydigia (Neoleydigia) acanthocercoides (Fischer, 1854); 19. Monospilus daedalus Kotov & Sinev, 2011; 20. Nedorchynchotalona chiangi Kotov & Sinev, 2011. Most of them are illustrated and briefly redescribed from newly collected material. We also provide illustrations of four taxa previously recorded from Korea: Sida crystallina (O.F. Müller, 1776); Macrothrix rosea (Jurine, 1820); Bosmina (Bosmina) longirostris (O. F. Müller, 1776) and Disparalona cf. hamata (Birge, 1879). Among the newly recorded taxa, there are six Far East endemics; five tropicopolitan species for which the Amur basin is the northernmost margin of their distribution; four tropicopolitan species for which Korea is presumed to be the northern most area of their distribution; two Palaearctic taxa for which Korea could be the southern most area of their distribution; two cosmopolitan species which need to be revised; and one species widely distributed in Eastern Asia. Despite significantly increasing the number of known species of cladocerans in Korea, we recognize that further research is needed to complete the picture, and the cosmopolitan taxa need further revision.
The lace-sheet-weavers—a long story (Araneae: Psechridae: Psechrus)
Authors: BAYER STEFFEN
Published: April 2019

Various publications of the last twelve years have shown that the species richness of the genus Psechrus is much higherthan was assumed 30 years ago. Based upon trends in the structures of the copulatory organs, for the first time, eight spe-cies groups are recognised and, including the present study, 46 species are now known. 20 species are recognised anddescribed as new: P. ulcus sp. nov., P. aluco sp. nov., P. decollatus sp. nov., P. elachys sp. nov., P. norops sp. nov., P.arcuatus sp. nov., P. laos sp. nov., P. inflatus sp. nov., P. pakawini sp. nov., P. demiror sp. nov., P. jaegeri sp. nov., P.vivax sp. nov., P. obtectus sp. nov., P. fuscai sp. nov., P. clavis sp. nov., P. hartmanni sp. nov., P. zygon sp. nov., P. tauri-cornis sp. nov., P. crepido sp. nov. and P. schwendingeri sp. nov. Two species are removed from synonymy with P. sin-gaporensis Thorell, 1894: P. annulatus Kulczyński 1908 (stat. nov.) and P. libelti Kulczyński 1908 (stat. nov.). One juniorsynonym of P. tingpingensis Yin, Wang & Zhang, 1985 is recognised: P. xinping Chen, Zhang, Song & Kim, 2002 (syn.nov.). New records are reported: P. libelti from Thailand, Malaysia & Brunei; P. ancoralis Bayer & Jäger, 2010 from Thai-land; P. himalayanus Simon, 1906 from Bhutan; P. ghecuanus Thorell, 1897 from Laos. Pre-epigynes/pre-vulvae of 20Psechrus species are examined and illustrated. In these species they apparently exhibit consistent and species-specificcharacters. However, since in several species only one subadult female was available for examination and in 57% of thePsechrus species even none at all, the characters of the pre-epigyne/pre-vulva are not included in the Psechrus identifica-tion key introduced herein. Additional information on the biology of Psechrus—for which the trivial name “lace-sheetweavers” is introduced herein—is provided.
Throscidae (Coleoptera) relationships, with descriptions of new fossil genera and species
Authors: MUONA JYRKI
Published: April 2019

Two new Throscidae genera from Baltic amber are described: Tyrannosthroscus n..gen. (type species Tyrannothroscus rex n.sp.) and Pseudothroscus n. gen. (type species Pseudothroscus balticus n. sp.). Four species are described from Baltic amber: Tyrannothroscus rex n. sp., Pseudothroscus balticus n. sp., Potergus superbus n. sp. and Trixagus parvulus n. sp. Pactopus burmensis n. sp. is described from Burmese amber. A phylogenetic analysis of the known throscid genera is performed. Aulonothroscus Horn and Trixagus Kugelann are shown to be sister-groups, the sister-group of this clade is the genus Pactopus Horn and the sister group of these three genera is the genus Potergus Bonvouloir. The oldest previously known throscids were species belonging to the genera Rhomboaspis Kirejtshuk & Kovalev and Potergosoma Kirejtshuk & Kovalev, both from Lebanese Amber, 125–135 Mya. The present analysis shows that the extinct Baltic amber genera Jaira Muona and Pseudothroscus belong to clades at least as old as the Lebanese fossils. The Burmese amber fossil Pactopus burmensis, 99 Mya, is considerably older than any of the previously known species belonging to the four extant genera: Pactopus, Potergus, Aulonothroscus or Trixagus. At least three throscid lineages are now known to have gone extinct. Both the Pactopus and Potergus lineages are more than 99 milion years old, whereas the Aulonothroscus and Trixagus lineages extend at least to the Baltic amber, 50 million years ago. The presence of Jaira in Baltic amber shows that that lineage persisted at least 80 million years before going to extinction.
A new species of Succinoraphidia Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae) from the late Eocene Rovno amber, with venation characteristics of the genus
Authors: PERKOVSKY EVGENY E. , MAKARKIN VLADIMIR N.
Published: April 2019

Succinoraphidia radioni sp. nov. (Raphidiidae) is described from the late Eocene Rovno amber, Ukraine. The genus also includes two species from contemporaneous Baltic amber, i.e., S. exhibens Aspöck & Aspöck, 2004 and S. baltica (Carpenter, 1957), comb. nov. The venation of Succinoraphidia is analysed. It possesses several plesiomorphic character states at the family level, and the monotypic subfamily Succinoraphidinae represents a basal group within the family or possibly even a potential stem group of Raphidiidae. All diagnostic character states of Succinoraphidia (except the structure of the pterostigma) are found in a few Cretaceous species of the paraphyletic Mesoraphidiidae, but some of these are not found in the extant Raphidiidae.
Disentangling the Changes in the Indian Ocean Dipole–Related SST and Rainfall Variability under Global Warming in CMIP5 Models
Authors: Huang Ping , Zheng Xiao-Tong , Ying Jun
Published: April 2019

This study disentangles the changes in Indian Ocean (IO) dipole (IOD)-related SST and rainfall variability under global warming projected by the RCP8.5 runs in 29 CMIP5 models. The IOD rainfall changes consist of the thermodynamic component due to the surface moisture increase and the dynamic component due to the changes in IOD-related circulation. The IOD circulation changes are dominated by the IOD SST changes, which were further clarified using the amplitude and structural decomposition. The amplitudes of IOD SST and circulation are both decreased at rates of around 7.2% and 13.7% °C−1, respectively. The structural changes in IOD SST and circulation show a pattern with increases from the eastern to the western coast of the equatorial IO, similar to the pattern of so-called extreme IOD events in previous studies. Disentangling previous mechanisms and projections, we conclude that the increased atmospheric stability suppresses the amplitudes in IOD SST and circulation, whereas the positive IOD (pIOD)-like mean-state SST changes, leading to greater warming in the west than the east, mainly alter the structure of IOD SST and circulation. Both the amplitude and structural changes in the IOD SST and circulation are robust among the CMIP5 models, but their distinct patterns and out-of-step changes lead to an uncertain projection of IOD changes defined by the dipole mode index or EOF analysis in previous studies. Furthermore, the structural changes, dominated by the pIOD-like mean-state SST changes, are significantly correlated with the historical IOD amplitude among the models. Considering the commonly overestimated IOD amplitude as an emergent constraint, the structural changes in IOD SST and circulation should not be as robust as the original multimodel projection.
Climate Change–Related Heat Stress and Subjective Well-Being in Australia
Authors: Zander Kerstin K. , Moss Simon , Garnett Stephen T.
Published: April 2019

There is mounting evidence that climate change impacts compromise people’s well-being. Many regions of Australia have experienced record hot temperatures and more frequent and longer heat waves with substantial consequences for people, economies, and ecosystems. Using data from an Australia-wide online survey with 1101 respondents, we investigated the relationship between self-reported measures of heat stress and different dimensions of subjective well-being. After controlling for socioeconomic factors known to affect well-being, we found that heat stress was linked to people’s certainty about and planning for their future but not to their life satisfaction, happiness, social state, capabilities, or purpose in life. This result indicates that, while heat is not associated with present well-being, many people worry about the effect that increased heat will have on their future well-being. People who were uncertain about their future were also more likely than those who did not feel uncertain to think that heat compromised their productivity. People who agreed that they were competent and capable in their activities rated their heat stress–related productivity loss lower than those who disagreed. The findings are relevant for future studies using life-satisfaction approaches to assess consequences of climate change impacts and to studies in “happiness economics.” We recommend that future research on the impact of climate change on well-being go beyond simply life satisfaction and happiness and test multiple dimensions of well-being.
Sources of isomorphism in the Milwaukee voucher school sector
Authors: Ford Michael R , Andersson Fredrik O
Published: April 2019

In this article, 25 years of data are utilized from nonprofit schools operating in the United States’ oldest and largest private school voucher program to test theories of isomorphism. We find that startup and religious schools belonging to an umbrella organization such as an archdiocese are particularly likely to serve similar student bodies at similar costs. In addition, we find that isomorphic pressures increase the longer a school participates in the Milwaukee voucher program, and that increased program regulation is related to increased sector isomorphism. The results illustrate the difficulty of using New Public Management style reforms, at scale, to encourage a diversity of nongovernment providers to provide a service traditionally provided by the public sector. The results will be of interest to scholars studying nonprofit institutional theories, school choice, and New Public Management style reforms.
Epithelioid Hemangioendothelioma Arising Within Mediastinal Myelolipoma: A WWTR1-Driven Composite Neoplasm
Authors: Diaz-Perez Julio A. , Velez-Torres Jaylou , Iakymenko Oleksii , Villamizar Nestor , Rosenberg Andrew E.
Published: April 2019

In this article, we describe a case of conventional epithelioid hemangioendothelioma (EHE) arising within an extra-adrenal myelolipoma. This composite neoplasm arose in the mediastinum of a 51-year-old female. The tumor was composed of a large myelolipoma that contained nodules of EHE consisting of CD31-positive epithelioid endothelial cells that grew in solid cords and were enmeshed in a basophilic hyalinized stroma. Both EHE and myelolipoma are characterized genetically by alterations of WWTR1. We demonstrated the expression of CAMTA-1 chimeric protein by immunohistochemistry both in the neoplastic endothelial cells of EHE and some of the endothelial cells lining the blood vessels in the myelolipoma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a malignant vascular neoplasm arising in association with myelolipoma.
A Comparative Effectiveness Study of a Shortened Trauma Recovery Empowerment Model and an Attachment-Informed Adaptation
Authors: Masin-Moyer Melanie , Engstrom Malitta , Solomon Phyllis
Published: April 2019

Relational challenges often associated with interpersonal trauma may hinder survivors’ abilities to fully benefit from group therapy. This quasi-experimental study compared clinical outcomes of a 16-week version of the Trauma Recovery and Empowerment Model (TREM) for women and an attachment-informed adaptation (ATREM). Prior findings of TREM are extended by demonstrating that both group conditions can facilitate comparable clinical outcomes, creating options for group facilitators. Only ATREM resulted in statistically significant improvement in individual attachment avoidance, and it trended toward a slightly higher completion rate. This study provides insight into the emerging concept of group attachment.