bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MOTIVE OF DANCE IN IVAN ALEKSEYEVICH BUNIN’S PROSE
Authors: Popova Yuliya Sergeevna , Sulemina Oksana Vladimirovna
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to one of the aspects of I. A. Bunin’s literary creativity - the motive of dance. His interpretation is considered by the material of the stories “The Barefoot Dancer”, “The Gentleman from San Francisco”, “The Teacher”. The analysis of literary images associated with this narrative unit makes it possible to define the artistic functions of dance motives in the prose by I. A. Bunin, for whom the dance is a professional, dead art, devoid of vitality, associated with the theme of the game. Such understanding of this motive is continuation of the tradition typical of the classical literature of the XIX century.
MYTH-FOLKLORIC CONCEPTIONS OF THE JAPANESE GODS - GATE KEEPERS
Authors: Sadokova Anastasiya Ryurikovna
Published: May 2018

The article analyzes mythological stories and legends associated with the cult of the Japanese gods - gate keepers, who are meant to protect the house or temple from penetration of evil spirits. It is shown that the majority of such stories are associated with the images of stone lion-dog statues komainu, who are the material implementation of the gods - gate keepers. The author mentions the tradition observance in the modern forms of worshipping these gods and the functioning of these stories in church and local folklore. The paper emphasizes the diversity of the gods - gate keepers’ functions implemented in the komainu image, which allows the author to conclude on ancient and stable folkloric and mythological relations of these gods with protective and productive magic typical of the gods of the Japanese Shinto pantheon.
“SPIRITUAL DEGRADATION” OF HOMO CULTURES IN V. S. MAKANIN’S NOVEL “ASAN”
Authors: Khilmi Demiral
Published: May 2018

The article considers spiritual degradation of the modern homo cultures in V. S. Makanin’s novel “Asan”. The novel shows how homo cultures under the influence of circumstances changes his lifestyle and how it affects his relations with the society and surrounding people. The paper aims to tackle the problem of degradation of human values, to analyze how the writer reveals the motive of the hero’s degradation. The analysis indicates that the personage’s spiritual involution is shown through family relations, the motive of duplicity, the theme of consciousness and the motive of the individual’s depersonalization, his transformation into non-personal “me”.
LEXICOGRAPHICAL STATICS AND TERMINOLOGICAL DYNAMICS IN THE PROFESSIONAL DISCOURSE
Authors: Klester Anna Mikhailovna , Shumailova Marina Sergeevna
Published: May 2018

The article analyzes in the diachronic aspect the quality of lexicographical representation of German and Russian economic terms in German-Russian economic dictionaries. The study aims to evaluate equivalence and adequacy of German-Russian equivalents considering their relevant terminological usage and lexicographical fixation. Relevance of the study involves the possibility to use the results of the dictionary entry analysis in translation practice. For the first time the authors identify the peculiarities of correlation between the statics of lexicographical fixation of a term and the dynamics of its speech usage.
COMPARATIVE-CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS OF LEXICOGRAPHICAL SOURCES INCLUDING CREOLIZED LEXICOGRAPHICAL ENTRIES
Authors: Koz'ko Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Tulina Ekaterina Valer'evna
Published: May 2018

The article provides a comparative-contrastive analysis of six lexicographical sources (English and Russian terminological dictionaries) including creolized lexicographical entries. The study focuses on the means to creolize lexicographical entries in English and Russian terminological dictionaries. Having analyzed illustrative material the authors identify seven basic types of the graphic component.
ROLE OF WORD PLAY IN IMPLEMENTATION OF EXPRESSIVE AND EVALUATIVE STRATEGY IN ADVERTISING SLOGAN
Authors: Kostyushkina Galina Maksimovna , Wan Chgeo
Published: May 2018

The article is devoted to the study of word play in implementation of the expressive and evaluative strategy in the advertising slogan. This strategy finds its actualization in 4 tactics: 1) tactic of attention attraction, 2) tactic of negation and opposition, 3) tactic of comparison, 4) tactic of personification. All tactics use the word play technique as an instrument, which is realized by different language means. Each tactic has specific tendencies of linguistic expression of word play. The novelty of the work is a new discourse and strategic approach to the research material.
LINGUISTIC AND CULTUROLOGICAL COMPETENCE AS THE BASIS OF REALIA ADEQUATE TRANSLATION
Authors: Pivovarova Elena Vyacheslavovna , Sanzharova Irina Eduardovna
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the translation of linguistic realia, which often represent particular complexity in crosscultural communication. Even if translated realia are fixed in the dictionary, a comment or an explanation does not often reflect all the features of realia, namely, the totality of knowledge associated with this or that word. The topicality of the study is conditioned by the fact that the translation of realia is one of the most complex translation competences, which requires awareness of the importance of professional translation training. The authors’ objective is to revise the attitude to the realia of the culture of modern Germany used in the texts of the Russian mass media, to justify the need to pay more attention to the accuracy of rendering realia in the native language and to the linguistic and culturological difficulties of foreign-culture realia in the mass media texts. The paper emphasizes the issue of adequate understanding of everyday realia of a foreign culture in crosscultural communication and the need to comment on them in the texts of the political discourse.
INTERTEXT AS SPIRITUAL SPACE OF CULTURAL MEMORY
Authors: Bazieva Gul'fiya Dzhamalovna
Published: May 2018

Due to active globalization processes that form single information space intertext becomes spiritual space of cultural memory. Spiritual and moral issues in intertext are developed at several levels: mythological, religious, moral and ethical ones. Modern literature refers to folklore subjects and traditional values that act as a code of ethnic identification, the basis of a cultural matrix. The novelty of the study is determined by the culturological approach to the analysis of intertext as an important phenomenon representing both ethnic and universal human spiritual values.
SOME ASPECTS OF MODERN DIALECTOLOGY IN THE COURSE “RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND SPEECH CULTURE” FOR NON-PHILOLOGICAL SPECIALTIES
Authors: Mistyuk Tat'yana Leonidovna , Tum Evgeniya Anatol'evna , Zaeskova Svetlana Viktorovna
Published: May 2018

The article gives a brief overview of the topic “Territorial Dialects of the Russian Language. Dialectical Vocabulary” in the scientific and methodological aspect. The authors substantiate the expediency of its inclusion in the content of the course “The Russian Language and Speech Culture” for students of non-philological specialties. Recommendations on the main theoretical issues in the field of dialectology, as well as options for practical tasks and exercises related to the use of dialectal language material are presented. The paper gives examples from the authors’ working experience at the Department of the Russian Language of the humanities faculties of Novosibirsk State Technical University.
LOS RELATOS DE VIDA COMO RECURSO DE INVESTIGACIÓN DE PROBLEMÁTICAS VOCACIONALES
Authors: Moiraghi Elena Del C.
Published: May 2018

Los relatos de vida pueden considerarse un enfoque epistemológico para el estudio de las realidades sociales. Metodológicamente se refieren a las estructuras de atribución de sentido, por lo que permiten indagar acerca de las representaciones sociales de jóvenes y adolescentes con relación al futuro profesional, sus proyectos vitales y profesionales. La consideración de doble subjetividad de los relatos de vida no constituye un escollo para su validez y confiabilidad científica, pues se resuelve por la reivindicación de la subjetividad como forma de conocimiento. Lo vocacional es un campo de problemáticas vinculadas con el quehacer humano. Podría decirse que los problemas relacionados con la elección y realización de un hacer, básicamente el estudio y el trabajo, son problemas a los que genéricamente llamamos vocacionales.
LOS USOS DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN-ACCIÓN-PARTICIPATIVA (IAP) PARA EL ESTUDIO DE LOS RIESGOS PSICOSOCIALES EN EL TRABAJO. REFLEXIONES A PARTIR DE UNA EXPERIENCIA CON REPRESENTANTES SINDICALES Y TRABAJADORES
Authors: Henry María Laura
Published: May 2018

En un escenario regional donde están registrándose numerosos cambios en la organización de los procesos productivos y las condiciones laborales resulta pertinente seguir reflexionando sobre los modos de producir conocimiento en el campo de la salud laboral. Por tal, este artículo pretende ser una contribución a este debate al tomar como foco de reflexión metodológica una investigación sobre riesgos psicosociales realizada en la Administración Nacional de Servicios Sociales (Anses) de la Argentina. La misma fue iniciada a partir de la solicitud del sindicato Secasfpi, que necesitaba visibilizar y avalar científicamente la existencia de una serie de padecimientos psicosociales entre los trabajadores, que ellos percibían como crecientes, pero que no eran reconocidos por la organización empleadora.
CONSTRUIR EL OBJETO: ENSEÑAR METODOLOGÍA DESDE LA PRAXIS INVESTIGATIVA. EL CASO DE METODOLOGÍA DE LA INVESTIGACIÓN EN CIENCIAS SOCIALES EN LAS CARRERAS DE SOCIOLOGÍA Y CIENCIA POLÍTICA DE LA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE TIERRA DEL FUEGO
Authors: Hermida Mariano , Farías Ariel , Gil Romina , Pessina Nadia , Urdapilleta Melisa
Published: May 2018

En el presente artículo describimos la dinámica de un proyecto de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la Metodología de Investigación en Ciencias Sociales que tomó como punto de partida la praxis investigativa. Para llevar adelante dicha tarea, desarrollamos un espacio de encuentro, bajo la modalidad de taller de lectura y escritura, compuesto por docentes y estudiantes. A partir de ese espacio produjimos narrativas que se analizaron junto a los programas, las planificaciones y las evaluaciones del grupo de cada cohorte. Y a través de un análisis cualitativo de dichos materiales, dimos cuenta de una serie de potencias de la propuesta pedagógica, a la vez que evidenciamos ciertas tensiones emergentes.
Community Based Tourism Tantangan Dusun Nglepen dalam Pengembangan Desa Wisata
Authors: Nugroho Dhimas Setyo
Published: May 2018

ABSTRAK

Masyarakat Dusun Nglepen pada awalnya adalah masyarakat pedesaan yang mayoritas menggantungkan mata pencaharian sebagai petani. Setelah bencana gempa bumi 5,9 skala richter yang menimbulkan kerusakan parah pada Sabtu 27 Mei 2006, Dusun Nglepen direlokasi ke wilayah lain, dibangun dengan bangunan rumah tahan gempa berbentuk kubah (dome). Keunikan desain rumah dome justru menjadi daya tarik desa wisata yang sangat diminati. Disisi lain, peralihan sosio-kultural masyarakat Dusun Nglepen menjadi masyarakat pariwisata sangat menarik untuk diamati. Artikel ini menyajikan gambaran tantangan dalam pengembangan Community Based Tourism Dusun Nglepen yang dikaji berdasarkan teori partisipasi masyarakat melalui analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil menunjukan bahwa semakin tinggi partisipasi warga, maka semakin tinggi dampaknya tehadap masyarakat. Dampak yang ditemukan cenderung bernilai positif bagi masyarkat baik secara ekonomi maupun sosial budaya. Selanjutnya dampak positif yang dirasakan masyarakat cenderung mempengaruhi tingkat partisipasi dalam pengembangan pariwisata.

Kata kunci : Community-Based Tourism, Desa Wisata, Partisipasi Masyarakat

ABSTRACT

In the beginning, the community of the village dwellers that worked as a farmer. After the disastrous earthquake of a 5.9 magnitude earthquake that caused severe damage on Saturday, May 27, 2006, the village relocated to other areas, houses constructed with earthquake resistant with the shape of a dome (dome). The uniqueness of the design of the House, thus becoming an attraction. On the other hand, the transition of social-cultural into tourism community is very interesting to observe. This article presents an overview of the challenges in the development of community-based tourism, based on the theory of community participation through a descriptive qualitative analysis. The results showed that the higher the participation of citizens, then the higher the impact on the community. The impact positive for society, both economically, socially and culturally. In addition, the positive impact affected the level of community participation in tourism development.

Key words : Community-Based Tourism, Tourism Village, Community Participation
Pengembangan Destinasi Pariwisata Halal Pada Era Otonomi Luas di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat
Authors: Jaelani Abdul Kadir
Published: May 2018

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis latar belakang lahirnya pengembangan Pariwisata Halal di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat dan kendala yang dialami dalam melaksanakan Perda Pariwisata Halal serta upaya yang dilakukan oleh Pemda tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, latar belakang lahirnya Perda tentang Pariwisata Halal di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat berlandaskan pada tiga hal yaitu, pertama, landasan filosofisnya adalah pembangungan di bidang ekonomi dalam rangka mendukung terwujudnya percepatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, pemerataan kesempatan berusaha, memperoleh manfaat dan mampu menghadapi tantangan perubahan kehidupan dengan tetap memperhatikan sistem nilai budaya yang berlaku di masyarakat sesuai dengan nilai-nilai luhur pancasila. Kedua, landasan sosiologis pengembangan Pariwisata halal adalah aspek demografis dan geografis Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Barat sangat menunjang pelaksanaan pariwisata. Ketiga, landasan yuridis pengembangan Pariwisata halal adalah atribusi dan delegasi dari Pasal 18 ayat (6) UUD 1945, Pasal 9 UU No. 10 Tahun 2009 tentang Kepariwisataan, Pasal 12 ayat (3) hurup b dan Pasal 236 UU No, 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan Pasal 5 Permenparkreat No. 2 Tahun 2014 tentang Pedoman Penyelenggaraan Usaha Hotel Syari’ah.   ABSTRACTThis study aims to determine and analyze the background of the development of Halal Tourism in West Nusa Tenggara Province and the obstacles experienced in implementing the Halal Tourism Law and the efforts made by the local government. The results showed that: First, the background of the birth on Halal Tourism in West Nusa Tenggara first, the philosophical foundation is the development in the economic field in order to support the realization of the acceleration of the welfare of the people, the equality of business opportunities, the benefits and able to face the challenges of life change while maintaining the cultural value system prevailing in the community in accordance with the noble values of Pancasila. Second, sociological foundation of the birth on Halal Tourism is the demographic and geographical aspect of West Nusa Tenggara Province is very supportive of tourism implementation. Third, the legal basis on Halal Tourism is the attribution and delegation of Article 18 paragraphs (6) of the 1945 Constitution, Article 9 of Law no. 10 of 2009 on Tourism, Article 12 paragraphs (3) letters b and Article 236 of Law No. 23 of 2014 on Regional Government and Article 5 Permenparkreat No. 2 Year 2014 concerning Guideline for Sharia Business Operations.
TEACHER’S WILLINGNESS TOWARDS THE IMPLEMENTATION OF SCIENTIFIC APPROACH: FROM THEORY TO IMPLEMENTATION
Authors: Syahputra Yogi Surya , Santosa Riyadi , Supriyadi Slamet
Published: May 2018

Attitude is essential issue to be considered in designing an appropriate learning for learners because it greatly affects the performance and implementation of the teaching and learning process in the classroom. One of the most important attitudes to be explored is the willingness of teachers to implement the curriculum set by the government. This study aims to determine the willingness of English teachers to carry out scientific approach and also to know the implementation of scientific approach in the learning. This research applies qualitative approach with case study design. It is conducted in SMAN 1 Situbondo with three teachers become the informants. Interview and observation are implemented to explore the willingness and the implementation of Scientific Approach. Data analysis in this research using Spradley’s method. From this research, it can be seen that the teachers has enough willingness to apply scientific approach totally. Furthermore, the implementation of scientific approach has been implemented well enough and has implemented it in accordance with government regulation.
Synthesis, structural characterization and differential thermal analysis of the quaternary compound Ag2MnSnS4
Authors: Delgado Gerzon E. , Sierralta N. , Quintero M. , Quintero E. , Moreno E. , Flores-Cruz J. A. , Rincón C.
Published: May 2018

The quaternary chalcogenide compound Ag2MnSnS4 belonging to the system I2-II-IV-VI4 and synthesized by the melt and anneal technique, was characterized by Rietveld refinement of the powder X-ray diffraction data and differential thermal analysis (DTA). It was found that nS4 crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pmn21, with unit cell parameters a = 8:1705(5) Å, b = 6:9413(5) Å, c = 6:6532(5) Å, and V = 377:33(5) Å3, in a wurtzite-stannite structure. The DTA indicates that this compound melts at 790°C and that the phase relations which occurs in the material would be: α ➝ α + α1 ➝ α1 ➝ α1 + β ➝ β ➝ 1 + L ➝ L, were α is the orthorhombic wurtzite-stannite Pmn21 structure; α1 is a high temperature modification; and β and β1 are the zinc-blende structure and its high-temperature modification, respectively.
Structural, electrical and magnetic properties of the pyrochlorate Er_2-x Sr_x Ru_2O_7 (0<=x<=0.10) system
Authors: Abatal Mohamed
Published: May 2018

In this research, we report a detailed study of the structural, electrial and magnetic properties of the ruthenium pyrochlore with the composition (Er_2-x Sr_x) Ru_2O_7 0<=x<=0.10 prepared by solid-state reaction in air at ambient pressure.  The synthesized products were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction. The structure of the samples was refined with the Rietveld method, showing that the lattice parameters are more sensitive to the Strontium and Erbium sites. Scanning electron microscopy shows that the crystal size varies between 0.27 and 0.62 mu m. In all polycrystalline samples, the electrical resistance decreases with increasing temperature, indicating that the samples are nonmetallic. The slope of the temperature-dependent resistance profiles systematically decreases with increasing x, proving that the carrier concentration increases with increasing the Sr content. Zero-field-cooled and field cooled magnetization measurements show an irreversible behavior where the split is systematically enhanced by increasing x.
Optical properties of CdSe nanoparticles synthesized by hot injection in air
Authors: Corea Mónica de la Luz
Published: May 2018

The hot injection technique is used to produce CdSe nanoparticles with quantum dot properties. Several reports have considered an inert atmosphere (nitrogen) as necessary for a successful synthesis, which complicates the experimental set-up. In this work, CdSe nanoparticles were synthesized by hot injection in air instead of in nitrogen, simplifying the experimental set-up. To avoid undesirable interactions with oxygen, well-defined concentrations of the organic species were used during the synthesis, but air still influenced the growth rate of the particles. To establish a comparison, the same experimental methodology was applied in nitrogen and in air. The nanoparticles synthesized in air showed a higher growth rate than those synthesized in nitrogen at the same reaction times. Additionally, similar optical behaviors and band gaps were observed in both cases, showing that an inert atmosphere is not necessary for the synthesis of quantum dots made of CdSe nanoparticles.
The Sense of a Better Ending: Legal Pluralism and Performative Jurisprudence inAtanarjuat the Fast Runner
Authors: MacRae Ian J. , MacKinnon Samantha
Published: May 2018

This article argues that Igloolik Isuma’s first feature length film, Atanarjuat the Fast Runner, performs a meaningful reading of traditional Inuit legal systems, and puts time-honoured notions of customary law and Inuit social governance into practice. The process of conflict resolution is carefully depicted in the film, which is attentive to the processes of jurisprudence and to a range of possible outcomes. The movement toward a communal justice is shown in an elaborate, carefully detailed, step-by-step process (that still remains unobtrusive, and can be “missed” by some viewers). The film is formal and deliberate, and proceeds at a pace that enables the clear articulation of a specifically Inuit legal culture; it shows Inuit legal practitioners operating in ways that reveal Inuit legal principles in action. In restaging and recontextualizing a well-known narrative from Inuit oral tradition, Atanarjuat makes these local traditions of jurisprudence visible and accessible by relating them in modern form. The film does not leave these traditions and performative systems intact and in the past, however, but updates them for a contemporary audience and in dialogical relation to broader systems of contemporary justice in Canada. In this way Atanarjuat demonstrates Inuit legal systems, in practice, as being flexible, adaptable, and capable of being updated; it shows them struggling to maintain order and continuity in the face of violence and dispossession. This article suggests that Atanarjuat the Fast Runner effectively models performative jurisprudence and the interpretive nature of dialogical governance, and provides one situated, appropriate, culturally sensitive resource and model for contemporary conflict resolution and community governance in Inuit communities today.
Explorer on the Trans-Canada: Cold War Tourism and the Early Years of the Canadian Highway
Authors: Sajecki Anna
Published: May 2018

This article asks what happens when an image of the Canadian nation marketed to American tourists also simultaneously helps produce a vision of highway nationalism in Canada. Starting with a primary discursive analysis of Trans-Canada Highway tourist brochures, I then address three Canadian travelogues from the period—Edward McCourt’s The Road across Canada (1965), Walter Stewart’s series for Star Weekly magazine (1965), and John M. Mitchell’s Coast to Coast across Canada (1967). While the travelogues implicitly replicate the same visions of the colonial adventurer family attached to the brochures—which I contextualize according to Western Cold War middle-class presentations of freedom and consumption—simultaneously McCourt’s and Stewart’s texts foreground discomfort with the tourist industry’s Americanization of nation-space along the highway. By celebrating Western nuclear family values through the image of colonial exploration, while also questioning the integrity of an Americanizing tourist industry, McCourt’s and Stewart’s travelogues—published just a few years after the Trans-Canada Highway officially opened in 1962—realize the way early representations of the highway were marked by a co-opted nationalism where the means of nationalist differentiation simultaneously encouraged a feedback loop of American imperialism.
Towards a Genealogy of Reconciliation in Canada
Authors: Wyile Hannah
Published: May 2018

Since the 1990s, there has been a global proliferation of discourses of political reconciliation. In Canada, major debates regarding the place of Quebec and Indigenous peoples in the federation have seen the concept of reconciliation being mobilized by different groups to address these key constitutional relationships. This is a complex development, as reconciliation is understood and used in widely varying ways depending on the political projects different actors seek to advance. While much recent scholarship has critically analyzed the divergence between Indigenous and state conceptions of reconciliation, there has been little comparative analysis that considers the deployment of the concept in both constitutional relationships. Many gaps also remain in accounting for the emergence of reconciliation as a political concept in Canada and in considering the implications of framing constitutional relationships through this ambiguous and widely contested term. This article addresses these gaps by drawing on an analysis of royal commission reports and Supreme Court decisions to explore the character of early appearances of the term as a political concept and to provide an initial sketch of the role the concept plays in Canadian politics by comparing its use with respect to constitutional relationships with Quebec and with Indigenous peoples.
Comparison of Two Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Clerkship Grading Protocols
Authors: Conner Bobbi J. , Behar-Horenstein Linda S. , Su Yu
Published: May 2018

Universal guidelines for evaluating veterinary students' clinical clerkship performance are unavailable. At our institution, each service determines its own grading protocol. In this study, researchers compared clinician, staff, and student perceptions of a traditional and newly devised grading practice on the Emergency and Critical Care (ECC) clerkship. ECC clinicians and technicians were asked to assess the existing grading protocol for the clerkship. The system was then revised to better align with clerkship objectives. The revised protocol evaluated students on 12 items encompassing knowledge, clinical, and communication skills. Following the assignment of values for each category, letter grades were calculated automatically. Clinicians and staff were invited to rate the revised grading system. Throughout the study period, a corresponding survey was sent to students shortly after they had received their clerkship grades. Students' open-ended comments were analyzed qualitatively to identify common themes. Clinicians and technicians reported that the revised protocol was more inclusive and better able to provide fair and accurate assessments of students' performances. Students were generally satisfied with both grading protocols, however, in the open-ended comments students' frequently expressed desire for more directed and timely feedback on their performance. The results of this study indicate that the graders' believed that the revised evaluation protocol provides opportunities to provide fair and accurate assessments of student performance. Overall, students were satisfied with the new protocol and have a desire for tailored feedback provided in a timely fashion.
What future for a democratic Europe following Brexit?
Authors: Arthuis Jean , Farrell Henry
Published: May 2018

According to Jean Arthuis, Brexit is a chance for Europe. It casts a cruel light on the institutional fragility of the European Union, whose functioning is hardly defensible to public opinion. Beyond the EU’s significant achievements—peace on the Continent, freedom of movement, the single market, the euro—the deficits in democracy and governance are enormous. The time has come to identify the “public goods” that EU Member States can effectively assume at the national level, on the one hand, and those that must now be collectively supported within the Union, on the other. More than ever, Europeans need “public goods”, some of which can be made available to them only by Europe. A Europe with sovereign powers (money, economy and finance, diplomacy, armed defense, digital, energy, etc.) that is governed accordingly so as to boost its economy, ensure full employment, control migratory flows, combat terrorism, ensure security, and fight against tax fraud. A Europe that speaks to Europeans. This is why Brexit gives Europe a chance to set itself the goal of becoming a world power. After all, the United States of America was born of a divorce from the English crown; let us hope that our English friends will repeat the feat and that Brexit will be the catalyst of a United States of Europe.

According to Henry Farrell, for decades, the European Union has sought to increase its democratic legitimacy in the eyes of citizens, by making good policy, by enhancing the powers of the European Parliament, and by providing greater power to national parliaments. None of this has worked particularly well, and some measures have had the perverse consequence of enabling populist nationalists like Britain’s UK Independence Party. The European Union would be better served by accepting the inevitability of political disagreement, and indeed harnessing it, by providing individuals with the real opportunity to vote on which kind of “Europe” they wanted. The lessons of Ernest Gellner and other scholars are that legitimacy is an effect rather than a cause, and that structured contention provides the best means towards stability and effectiveness.
Dégénérescence, hérédité, imitation : la foule et ses déterminismes
Authors: Coffin Jean-Christophe
Published: May 2018

Ce travail se propose de partir de différentes notions qui ont été mobilisées pour expliquer les comportements humains problématiques tels que le trouble mental ou le comportement violent. Il s’agit de rappeler la production scientifique émergente visant à définir les lignes directrices du déterminisme et de son rôle dans ces comportements humains. L’accent est mis sur les débats au sein de la science médico-psychologique qui a joué un rôle de premier plan en ce domaine à la fin du XIXe siècle. La primauté donnée à la fois aux explications biologiques et aux facteurs de transmission des effets du milieu se dégage de ces débats. L’articulation entre hérédité, imitation et milieu a été suggérée afin de montrer que différentes hypothèses furent en cours de construction et cherchaient une validation qui ne fut pas si aisée à obtenir comme dans le cas de la constitution d’une psychologie des foules.
Influence of the Hydro/Fluorocarbon Chain Length on CMC and HLB of Surface-Active Nonionic Surfactants Containing Polyethylene Glycol Groups
Authors: Khalfallah Ali , Kriaa Abdelkader , Hedhli Ahmed
Published: May 2018

Series of cyclic polyethylene glycol succinates based surfactants bearing a hydro- or fluorocarbon group was synthesized and characterized. Evaluation of the surface-active properties of the obtained compounds reveals, (i) the surface tension decreases gradually when is the length of the lipophilic chain increased (ii) the critical micelle concentration (CMC) increases with the number of ethylene oxide unit present in the polar head and (iii) surface tension follows the increasing pattern of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) number.
Influence of Cationic Surfactant and Temperature on the Growth of ZnO Nanoparticles
Authors: Salem Jamil K. , Hammad Talaat M. , Almoqayyed S. , Hejazy Nasser K.
Published: May 2018

In this study, ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized from Zn(OAc)2 · 2H2O and NaOH in 2-propanol. Nucleation and growth are fast, and hence at longer times the particle size is controlled by coarsening. The optical properties were investigated as a function of time. X-ray diffraction (XRD) also has been used to characterize ZnO nanoparticles. The wavelength onset (λons) of the absorption spectra was used to estimate the particle size. The effect of the temperature and the surfactant on the growth process of ZnO nanoparticles was followed by UV-Vis spectrophotometer using the effective mass model. Particle growth was fitted using the commonly used linear coarsening model. The linear coarsening model is applied to calculate the rate constant of growth of ZnO nanoparticles. In all cases the linear coarsening produced good fits of the data. The results reveal that the temperature and the CTAB concentration play an important role in growth process of ZnO nanoparticles.
Estimating Functional Connectivity Symmetry between Oxy- and Deoxy-Haemoglobin: Implications for fNIRS Connectivity Analysis
Authors: Montero-Hernandez Samuel , Orihuela-Espina Felipe , Sucar Luis , Pinti Paola , Hamilton Antonia , Burgess Paul , Tachtsidis Ilias
Published: May 2018

Functional Near InfraRed Spectroscopy (fNIRS) connectivity analysis is often performed using the measured oxy-haemoglobin (HbO2) signal, while the deoxy-haemoglobin (HHb) is largely ignored. The in-common information of the connectivity networks of both HbO2 and HHb is not regularly reported, or worse, assumed to be similar. Here we describe a methodology that allows the estimation of the symmetry between the functional connectivity (FC) networks of HbO2 and HHb and propose a differential symmetry index (DSI) indicative of the in-common physiological information. Our hypothesis is that the symmetry between FC networks associated with HbO2 and HHb is above what should be expected from random networks. FC analysis was done in fNIRS data collected from six freely-moving healthy volunteers over 16 locations on the prefrontal cortex during a real-world task in an out-of-the-lab environment. In addition, systemic data including breathing rate (BR) and heart rate (HR) were also synchronously collected and used within the FC analysis. FC networks for HbO2 and HHb were established independently using a Bayesian networks analysis. The DSI between both haemoglobin (Hb) networks with and without systemic influence was calculated. The relationship between the symmetry of HbO2 and HHb networks, including the segregational and integrational characteristics of the networks (modularity and global efficiency respectively) were further described. Consideration of systemic information increases the path lengths of the connectivity networks by 3%. Sparse networks exhibited higher asymmetry than dense networks. Importantly, our experimental connectivity networks symmetry between HbO2 and HHb departs from random (t-test: t(509) = 26.39, p < 0.0001). The DSI distribution suggests a threshold of 0.2 to decide whether both HbO2 and HHb FC networks ought to be studied. For sparse FC networks, analysis of both haemoglobin species is strongly recommended. Our DSI can provide a quantifiable guideline for deciding whether to proceed with single or both Hb networks in FC analysis.
Investigating the Effect of a Mechanism Combined with a Speed-Increasing Gear and a Pneumatic Artificial Muscle
Authors: Sekine Masashi , Kokubun Ryohei , Yu Wenwei
Published: May 2018

The lightness and softness of pneumatic artificial muscles (PAMs) contribute to their safe use in mechanical devices involved with humans. However, a PAM has limited range of motion (ROM) and a stroke-dependent output force. In this paper, a mechanism combined with a PAM and a speed-increasing gear was developed to improve the tradeoff relationship between the ROM and output force and to verify its benefits in order to enhance the convenience of using PAMs. The gear enhanced the ROM and back-drivability of the PAM, which is beneficial for device safety in daily use. We first designed a mechanism consisting of an antagonistic system-driven PAM and the gear, and then simulated the relationship between the ROM and output force of the mechanism. The effectiveness of the mechanism including the gear was compared with a non-gear mechanism with multiple PAMs. We prototyped the PAM mechanism with and without the gear, and their ROMs, impact absorption, and viscoelasticity were experimentally investigated. Results showed that the gear effectively improved both ROM and output torque below a certain load; moreover, the gear ratio and air pressure had large effects on the external static and dynamic forces, respectively. We confirmed comprehensively the effect and feasibility of the mechanism.
Paths and Challenges of New Technologies: The Case of Nanotechnology-Based Cosmetics Development in Brazil
Authors: Barbieux Denise , Padula Antonio Domingos
Published: May 2018

New technologies have challenges to overcome when applying it to new products. New products depend on the technological and market novelties. Therefore, the term product innovativeness is defined as the technological and market degree of novelty. For several industries, the nanotechnology has been the latest technology, and it has also been included in Brazilian government strategic agenda. Considering the importance of new technologies and innovation, we describe the paths and challenges of nanotechnology-based cosmetics development to achieve product innovativeness. Opposing the new product development (NPD) mainstream based on efficiency, we used the evolutionary approach by highlighting the novelties. We describe three NPD stages (conception, operationalization, nd launch). For empirical evidence, we chose two Brazilian emblematic cases (suppliers for cosmetics industry) that domain nanotechnology. One case scans more potential market novelties and consequently produces indigenous nanotechnology for international industries such as cosmetics, food, and textile. The second case represents the new technology limited by the application in cosmetics. New technologies are not an innovation guarantee. Market demands must be identified in the early stage of NPD. When the focus is the novelty, the NPD evolutionary approach is useful.
Enrichment in the Sucker and Weaner Phase Altered the Performance of Pigs in Three Behavioural Tests
Authors: Ralph Cameron , Hebart Michelle , Cronin Greg
Published: May 2018

We tested the hypothesis that provision of enrichment in the form of enrichment blocks during the sucker and weaner phases would affect the behaviour of pigs. We measured the performance of pigs in an open field/novel object test, a maze test, an executive function test and the cortisol response of the pigs after exposure to an open field test. The provision of enrichment blocks altered the behaviour of the pigs in all three tests and these changes suggest an increased willingness to explore and possibly an increased ability to learn. The behavioural tests highlighted that young pigs have the capacity to learn complex tasks. Our findings support the notion that the benefits of enrichment cannot be evaluated by measuring the interactions the animal has with the enrichments in the home pen and it may simply be beneficial to live in a more complex environment. We have highlighted that the early rearing environment is important and that the management and husbandry at an early age can have long-term implications for pigs. The enrichment we used in this study was very simple, an enrichment block, and we provide evidence suggesting the provision of enrichment effected pig behavioural responses. Even the simplest of enrichments may have benefits for the welfare and development of young pigs and there is merit in developing enrichment devices that are suitable for use in pig production.
Streptomyces Differentiation in Liquid Cultures as a Trigger of Secondary Metabolism
Authors: Manteca Ángel , Yagüe Paula
Published: May 2018

Streptomyces is a diverse group of gram-positive microorganisms characterised by a complex developmental cycle. Streptomycetes produce a number of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds used in the clinic. Most screening campaigns looking for new bioactive molecules from actinomycetes have been performed empirically, e.g., without considering whether the bacteria are growing under the best developmental conditions for secondary metabolite production. These screening campaigns were extremely productive and discovered a number of new bioactive compounds during the so-called “golden age of antibiotics” (until the 1980s). However, at present, there is a worrying bottleneck in drug discovery, and new experimental approaches are needed to improve the screening of natural actinomycetes. Streptomycetes are still the most important natural source of antibiotics and other bioactive compounds. They harbour many cryptic secondary metabolite pathways not expressed under classical laboratory cultures. Here, we review the new strategies that are being explored to overcome current challenges in drug discovery. In particular, we focus on those aimed at improving the differentiation of the antibiotic-producing mycelium stage in the laboratory.
Application of [Pt(II)(Tetra-Tert-Butylsalophen)] Complex within Organic Devices: Deep Red Emission, Bistable Light-Emitting Diodes and Operational Stability
Authors: Blondel Benoît , Colin Anaïs , Lopes Manuel , Alary Fabienne , Zissis Georges , Sasaki Isabelle , Renaud Cédric
Published: May 2018

This paper focuses on the Negative Differential Resistance (NDR) we observed on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using [Pt(II)(tetra-tert-butylSalophen)] as host, since this Pt(II) complex displays a deep-red emission (λmax = 660 nm). Electrical characterizations of monolayer devices have shown that doping Tris-(8-hydroxyquinoline)aluminum (Alq3) as matrix emissive layer with this complex, leads to the modulation of the charge transport properties highlighted by Negative Differential Resistance (NDR). Upon electrical driving stresses, the conductivity of active layer can be switched between two electrical states (ON and OFF) with a figure of merit higher than 103. By adding an electron-blocking layer, we demonstrated that the NDR trend is closely related to negative charge accumulation within Alq3 leading to the modification of electronic properties in the vicinity of anode/active layer interface. The NDR phenomenon is interpreted in terms of space charge polarization (SCP) linked to charge trapping/untrapping mechanism as a consequence of the polarization/depolarization of the Pt(II) complex. Under electrical driving stresses, the performance of the devices which include the Pt(II) complex, are stabilized. A schematic model is proposed to depict the SCP responsible for NDR and decrease-resetting behaviors observed in these devices.
Strategies on Reuse of Clayey Expansive Soils as Embankment Material in Urban Development Areas: A Case Study in New Urbanized Zones
Authors: Escolano Félix , Sánchez José Ramón , Pacheco-Torres Rosalía , Cerro-Prada Elena
Published: May 2018

Volume changes in clayey expansive soils may result in the settlement or heave of structures, making such materials inappropriate in the design of soil structures. Lime and its derivatives provide an increase in the plastic limit of clay, and have gained considerable attention in soil stabilization techniques. In this regard, optimum lime addition combined with an innovative construction procedure provides new possibilities for the construction of roads in urban areas. In this study, the first straightforward strategy for the ionic immobilization of lime between clay laminar structures, based on a component self-assembly process, is presented. The method is applied to an area with expansive clays in the city of Madrid (Spain). The clayey soils were characterized by DRX, SEM, particle size distribution, swelling tests, and bearing capacity analyses. This strategy reduces the need for the transportation of discarded materials to landfill and the acquisition of new resources. In addition, the proposed methodology allows for a reduction in the environmental impact associated with urban development in expanding urban areas.
Investigation on Possibility of Waste Vegetable Oil Rejuvenating Aged Asphalt
Authors: Xinxin Cao , Xuejuan Cao , Boming Tang , Yuanyuan Wang , Xiaolong Li
Published: May 2018

In order to guarantee the service performance of recycling asphalt mixture with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), asphalt rejuvenator shall be added. In the last five years, vegetable oil-based rejuvenators have received more and more attention due to their green and regenerative advantages. The object of this paper is to investigate the feasibility of rejuvenating aged asphalt by a kind of waste vegetable oil (W-oil). The effect of W-oil on the performance of aged asphalt is characterized by a safety property test, aging property test, and pavement performance tests; the pavement performance tests included traditional tests and a rheological test. The results show that both the safety property and aging property of rejuvenated asphalt with W-oil meet the specification requirements. According to the results of traditional performance indexes (i.e., penetration, soften point, and ductility), the pavement performance of rejuvenated asphalt can be recovered to the level of virgin asphalt. According to the results of performance indices obtained from the rheological test, the optimum dosage of W-oil is determined to be 13.4 wt %. Compared with virgin asphalt, the rutting property of rejuvenated asphalt is equivalent to that of virgin asphalt, and the workability is slightly poorer; however, the fatigue property and low temperature property have been significantly enhanced. W-oil cannot only improve the pavement performance of aged asphalt, it can also guarantee good safety property and aging property. Therefore, W-oil is of great potential to serve as an asphalt rejuvenator for rejuvenating aged asphalt.
Development of an E-Health App for Lower Limb Postoperative Rehabilitation Based on Plantar Pressure Analysis
Authors: Cheng Xiao , Mei Xin , Hu Yue , Fang Yinfang , Wu Shuai , You Fengxiang , Kuang Shaolong
Published: May 2018

The traditional postoperative rehabilitation training mode of lower limbs is mostly confined to hospitals or nursing sites. With the increase of postoperative patients, the current shortage of medical resources is obviously not satisfactory, and the medical costs are high, thus it is difficult to apply widely. A new mobile phone application (app) based on plantar pressure analysis is developed to fulfill the requirements of remote postoperative rehabilitation. It is designed, implemented, tested, and used for pilot experiment in conjunction with the system design methodology of the waterfall model. Preliminary testing and a pilot experiment showed that the app has realized basic functions and can achieve patient rehabilitation out of hospitals. The development of the app can shorten the hospitalization time of patients, reduce medical costs, and make up for the current shortage of medical resources. In the future, more experiments will be done to verify the effectiveness of the app.
Evaluation of Composite Wire Ropes Using Unsaturated Magnetic Excitation and Reconstruction Image with Super-Resolution
Authors: Tan Xiaojiang , Zhang Juwei
Published: May 2018

Estimating the exact residual lifetime of wire rope involves the security of industry manufacturing, mining, tourism, and so on. In this paper, a novel testing technology was developed based on unsaturated magnetic excitation, and a fabricating prototype overcame the shortcomings of traditional detection equipment in terms of volume, sensibility, reliability, and weight. Massive artificial discontinuities were applied to examine the effectiveness of this new technology with a giant magneto resistance(GMR) sensor array, which included types of small gaps, curling wires, wide fractures, and abrasion. A resolution enhancement method, which was adopted for multiframe images, was proposed for promoting magnetic flux leakage images of a few sensors. Characteristic vectors of statistics and geometry were extracted, then we applied a radial basis function neural network to achieve a quantitative recognition rate of 91.43% with one wire-limiting error. Experimental results showed that the new device can detect defects in various types of wire rope and prolong the service life with high lift-off distance and high reliability, and the system could provide useful options to evaluate the lifetime of wire rope.