bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of relevant information in intrinsic mode functions
Authors: Hernández Santander Roberto Sebastián , Camargo Casallas Esperanza
Published: September 2021

The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) decomposes a local and adaptive time series into a finite set of intrinsic mode functions (IMF), AM-FM signals that allow to represent a non-linear and non-stationary model with the advantage of not losing the underlying meaning. This study examines time series of sEMG measurements for a case study of healthy individuals with carpal tunnel syndrome. Due to the amount of multiple levels of detail, all around a central frequency and evoked by the number of IMFs obtained through EMD, the informational contribution of each at the intermodal and interindividual level is studied through Shannon entropy to establish a general framework of spectral study given Hilbert Huang's (HHT) transformation to remarkable degrees of information. The results show that the latest IMFs have more disordered states even when they engage in apparently regular behavior, agglomerate more time-frequency information, and in the same way, concentrate more differentiable characteristics for a process of individualization of patterns.
BlueLock a tool to prevent Bluetooth attacks
Authors: Castang Montiel Gerardo Alberto , Betancourt Duque Fernando , Peña Salazar Luz Adriana
Published: September 2021

Digital devices are presented several vulnerabilities because when making a connection your information can be compromised. Bluetooth is a means of wireless communication that allows you to transfer files with distances of up to 100 meters, but its security has been seen as malicious users, attacking special cell phones. The Bluetooth manufacturers have improved their security but it has not been enough to control the vulnerabilities. The security of the Bluetooth connection has been directed by the manufacturers, but the user has not been able to carry out a control of this security.
How exclusion, inequality, curriculum and the teacher's expectations influence the learning of school mathematics
Authors: Rincón Castillo Jorge Harvey , Falk de Losada Mary
Published: September 2021

This article discusses about the researches that highlighting the importance of inclusion, equity, curriculum flexibility, and teacher expectations for the motivation and academic outcomes from the students. The analysis is based on the literature in which it found the foundations for understanding and describing how these components interrelate and intervene directly in the mathematics learning.
Editorial - Vol. 14 - No. 1
Authors: Vacca-González Harold
Published: September 2021

Editorial - Vol. 14 - No. 1
The planning process of transport tasks for autonomous vans
Authors: Nieoczym Aleksander , Caban Jacek , Stopka Ondrej , Krajka Tomasz , Stopková Mária
Published: September 2021

Recently, we have seen an increase in interest in autonomous mobility around the world. Autonomous vehicles have enormous potential, and the development of radar, information, communication, and measurement technologies brings us closer and closer to this type of mobility. This article considers the principles of planning and selecting routes for transport tasks. The research on the values of indicators characterizing the transport process was carried out for a simple case, when vehicles move along a fixed route without disturbances. The research used mathematical modelling based on the theory of Markov random systems to determine the capacity of the system, the average length of the queue for service, and the average number of transport tasks. The simulations were carried out for the assumed number of vehiclesm= 15 and for points requiring serviceN= 40. The ranges were obtained wherein the number of occupied vehicles oscillated around 30% (forρ= 0.1), when all the vehicles were occupied (forρ= 0.625), and when the system became inefficient.
DEM study of the angle of repose and porosity distribution of cylindrical particles with different lengths
Authors: Zhou Heng , Tian Xu , Guo Xingyu , Kou Mingyin , Wu Shengli , Shen Yansong , You Yang
Published: September 2021

Effect of the length of cylindrical particle on repose angle and porosity of a pile was numerically studied using discrete element method. The variation of repose angle and porosity with coefficient of sliding and rolling friction were also discussed. The results shown that compared with sphere particle, the bottom size of cylindrical pile is smaller, while the height of cylinder pile is larger and the heap is steeper. With the increase of the length of cylinder, the contour line of the pile becomes steep, and the angle of repose increases. The repose angle shows a positive correlation with coefficient of sliding and rolling friction. The porosity increases with the increase of the length of cylinders. The trends of porosity are basically consist with that of repose angle, and with increase of friction coefficient, the average porosity increases.
Assessment of cement replacement with fine recycled rubber particles in sustainable cementitious composites
Authors: Atef Mohamed , Bassioni Ghada , Azab Nahid , Abdellatif Mohamed Hazem
Published: September 2021

Egypt plays an important role in the consuming markets for tires all over the world. There is an urgent need to get rid of them in an economic and environmental way since it is considered as a harmful waste if burnt. The World trend is directed towards the improvement of new techniques to insert the rubber into useful products to maximize the benefit of recycling. This research deals with the expansion of novel techniques for rubber powder recycling for various purposes in a robust construction. Recycled rubber particles (RRP) are mixed with ordinary Portland cement (OPC) using various water to binder ratio (W/B) at 0.3 and 0.4. The Fourier transform – infrared (FT-IR) spectra is measured for RRP. The compressive strength (C.S) is investigated for the rubberized cement pastes at 1, 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. The results aimed to enhance the compressive strength of rubberized cement pastes through improving the bonding strength between RRP and OPC by using fine particles of RRP. Maintaining the compressive strength in the highest levels with different RRP percentages in addition to the vibrational damping property of RRP gives rubberized cement pastes the advantage to replace ordinary concrete in most construction applications.
Happiness, Competition, and Not Necessarily Arrogance in Kant
Authors: Smith Catherine
Published: September 2021

Kant held that human beings are competitive and not very good at living together in harmony. He also held that the principle of one’s own happiness is the central opponent of the principle of morality. According to Allen Wood, these claims are related: the competitive tendencies Kant attributes to human nature reveal, according to Wood, that the very shape of our human idea of happiness is derived from a deep-seated arrogance, incompatible with morality. I argue, by contrast, that although Kant’s discussion of human nature reveals that human happiness is complicated by interpersonal comparisons and tensions, these are not immoral (or derived from immorality) and require no claims of innate human arrogance for their explanation. Consequently, these aspects of human nature are not themselves the reason that Kant considers our desire for happiness to be in conflict with our morality.
Verbunden, nicht vermischt. Zum Verhältnis physiologischer und transzendentalphilosophischer Erklärungen bei Kant
Authors: Blühm Katharina
Published: September 2021

In his appendix to Soemmerring’s On the organ of the soul, Kant famously rejects the idea of a local presence or seat of the soul in the brain as fundamentally misguided. „By contrast, a virtual presence“ of the soul, considered as a conceptual construct, is said to make it possible to treat „the question regarding the sensorium commune as a merely physiological task“. Where Kant’s German original reads „möglich“, Arnulf Zweig in The Cambridge Edition of the Works of Immanuel Kant translates surprisingly as „impossible“. This cardinal error shall be communicated to readers who do not habitually consult the German original. Against this background, I illuminate the Kantian position (1) with in-depth material from Kant’s respective drafts and (2) in contrast to the syncretistic–materialistic approach of Johann Jacob Wilhelm Heinse.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ
4-benzene-1,2,4,5-tetracarboxylato)-bis(μ
2-adipohydrazide)dicadmium], C11H15N4O6Cd
Authors: Long Yuhong , Hu Xiaoyu , Ran Jingwen
Published: September 2021

C11H15CdN4O6, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 11.1387(15) Å, b = 10.3933(14) Å, c = 12.2891(17) Å, β = 105.319(2)°, Z = 4, V = 1372.1(3) Å3, R
gt(F) = 0.0286, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0477, T = 296(2) K.
Die „Magie des Extrems“ in philosophischen Neuorientierungen. Nietzsches neue extreme Problemstellungen und -lösungen und das alte Beispiel des Sokrates
Authors: Stegmaier Werner
Published: September 2021

The later Nietzsche developed the “magic of the extreme” as a special strategy in order to make his philosophical reorientations successful. He needed this strategy not only to be heard at all; also the problems he faced called for it. The article first gives an overview of the most important problems Nietzsche coped with and the extreme solutions he offered. Then, we show how, according to Nietzsche, even Socrates, who stands for the beginning of the European Enlightenment, used the “magic” of extreme irritation and fascination to get this Enlightenment on its way.
Burckhardt’s Silence and Nietzsche
Authors: Posani Löwenstein Manfred
Published: September 2021

The first part of this article questions the authenticity of one of the most quoted and allegedly reliable sources in the Burckhardt-Nietzsche debate. After having pointed out who was interested in manipulating this source and why, it will go back to the original issue of Burckhardt’s “silence.” This time, though, the question is going to be tackled from a different angle: not what Burckhardt thought about Nietzsche; rather, what did Nietzsche think about Burckhardt’s silence. The claims I will raise in this respect are two: 1) Nietzsche is the first interpreter of Burckhardt’s silence; 2) Burckhardt’s silence, far from being a mere private issue, became an elaborate theme of Nietzsche’s mature philosophy.
A Heretical Student in the Schopenhauerian School
Authors: Jensen Anthony K.
Published: September 2021

The Schopenhauer-Schule was a group of original and diverse thinkers working in the wake of a common inspiration. This paper elucidates Nietzsche’s relationship with these thinkers specifically as concerns their intertwined theories of will. It shows that despite his efforts to suppress and ridicule them, Nietzsche was influenced by the Schopenhauer-Schule and adopted several of their alterations to Schopenhauer. But it will also show that Nietzsche was a heretical member of this school in the sense that his theory of will was not only different from theirs but also subversive. Whereas each member of the Schopenhauer-Schule posits a realist ontology of will, Nietzsche’s perspectivism undercuts the possibility of their ontological realism and puts in its place a semiotical system of expression. As a result of this contextualized framework, Nietzsche’s will to power is revealed, not as an intended reference to a real “thing” in the world, but as a symbol that expresses his perspective about an unknowable reality.
Leib, Seele und Subjektivität nach Nietzsche. Internationale Perspektiven auf ein Problem im Wandel
Authors: Guerreschi Luca
Published: September 2021

Nietzsche’s reflection on the constitution of human subjectivity is an essential moment of his philosophy. As historical and academic conditions change, distinct interpretations of this reflection often contradict each other. This review essay aims to offer an insight into this situation. The anthology edited by Dries, which focuses on the concepts of “consciousness” and the “embodied mind,” presents innovative readings from the perspective of the philosophy of mind. However, this collection is marred by an insufficient comparison with the embodiment debate. Second, Benne and Muller’s volume shows how the concepts of “person” and “personality” are used by Nietzsche to describe the complexity of human subjectivity after the dissolution of the metaphysical subject. Third, Papparo’s monograph denotes with clarity the positive and productive aspects of the concept of soul in Nietzsche, but it is unsatisfactory from a scientific point of view. Finally, Scandella’s book succeeds on the contrary in highlighting some significant themes that have been overlooked in previous contributions. From a theoretical point of view, this review points out some shortcomings of the naturalistic interpretations of Nietzsche, which seem inadequate not only to grasp the complexity of his conception of human subjectivity, but also to show its actuality.
The dependence between the structural-morphological features mixes 0.8SiO2/0.2Al2O3 from the time of mechanicall treatment
Authors: Yavorsky' Yu.V. , Zaulichny Ya.V. , Karpets M.V. , Dudka A.I. , Hrubiak A.B. , Moklyak V.V.
Published: September 2021

This paper highlights the relationship between changes in structural and morphological features, electronic structure and exanging of time mechanical treatment at microbraker (MBT). Scaning electron microscopy revealed a change in the morphological features of nanoscale powders. From the comparison of SEM images of 0.8SiO2/0.2Al2О3 mixture before and after MBT, it is established that due to MBT, the agglomerates of the initial components are simultaneously crushed with perfect mixing particles of oxides between each other and the formation of new agglomerates with a denser structure. The increase in processing time leads to an increase in the density of the nanocomposite. The effect of time of mechanical treatment  on the structural parameters and phase composition of mixtures of silicon dioxide and titanium were studied using the method of X-ray structural analysis. The established agglomeration is accompanied by a change in the lattice parameter c with a change in the regions of coherent scattering of crystalline Al2О3. Ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy was used to study the distribution of Op-, Sisd- and Alsd- valence electrons in 0.8SiO2/0.2Al2О3 powder mixtures after the different time of mechanicall treatment. An increase in atomic charges has been measured and can be explained by the transfer of electrons from Si and Al to O atoms in split Opπ-binding states.
The effect of Cr impurity and Zn vacancy on electronic and magnetic properties of ZnSe crystal
Authors: Syrotyuk S.V. , Hussain Moaid K.
Published: September 2021

The spin-polarized electronic energy spectra of the ZnCrSe crystal were obtained based on calculations for a supercell containing 64 atoms. First, calculation is performed with an impurity of Cr atom, replacing the Zn atom. In the second variant, the Cr impurity and the vacancy at the Zn atom site are considered simultaneously. The results obtained in the first variant are as follows. It was found that the presence of the Cr atom leads to significant changes in the electronic energy bands, showing a large difference for different spin moments. The density curves of electronic states with opposite spins show an asymmetry, the consequence of which is the existence of a nonzero magnetic moment of the supercell. It was found that in the ZnCrSe crystal electronic 3d states with spin up are present at the Fermi level, i.e. the material is a metal. For spin-down states, the material is a semiconductor in which the Fermi level is inside the band gap. The value of the direct interband gap for electronic states with spin up is equal to 1.56 eV, and the magnetic moment of the supercell is 4.00 . The results obtained by the second variant of the calculation show a significant effect of the vacancy on the zinc site on the electronic structure of the ZnCrSe crystal. The Fermi level now intersects the dispersion curves of the upper part of the valence band for both spin orientations. The magnetic moment of the supercell is 2.74 .
Juozo Girniaus laiškai Broniui Genzeliui
Authors: Girnius Juozas
Published: September 2021

Vienas žymiausių lietuvių filosofų Juozas Girnius (1915-1994) gyvendamas Amerikoje troško žinoti, kas vyksta jo gimtajame krašte, įdėmiai sekė Lietuvoje leidžiamą filosofijos literatūrą, palaikė santykius su Lietuvos kultūrininkais, daugiausia filosofais. Tai rodo jo laiškai, jau anksčiau spausdinti Problemų žurnale (Nr. 52, 53), taip pat E. Meškausko, J. Repšio laiškai J. Girniui (Nr. 57). Šį kartą publikuojame autentiškiausio mūsų mąstytojo, kaip J. Girnių pavadino prof. A. Šliogeris, laiškus, rašytus Vilniaus universiteto filosofijos istorijos profesoriui Broniui Genzeliui. Šie laiškai pratęsia filosofo ryšius su tėvynėje gyvenančiu tos pačios profesijos atstovu, ryšius, kuriuos buvo skaudžiai paveikusi ankstesnio J. Girniaus susirašinėjimo partnerio J. Repšio netikėta mirtis 1976 metais.
Advantages and disadvantages of blockchain-based electronic voting systems with homomorphic encryption
Authors: Migal Demid , Isirova Kateryna
Published: September 2021

The work examines the phenomenon of electronic voting and advantages and disadvantages of such systems. Particular attention is paid to the electronic voting systems that use block chain technologies in their scheme. The purpose of the publication is to create a theoretical model of the electronic voting system, which will include all stages of the elections. In this work, a study and analysis of the existing electronic voting systems were carried out, the requirements for the creation of electronic voting systems were substantiated. Possible attacks on both conventional electronic voting systems and options using the block chain were given. The advantages of the work include theoretical and practical models, comparison and study of possible attacks on various types of electronic voting systems.
Solving matrix polynomial equations with nested continued fractions
Authors: Nedashkovskyy Mykola
Published: September 2021

A new general approach for solving matrix polynomial equations of arbitrary order with matrix or vector unknowns is proposed in the work with the use of nested continued fractions.
The use of neural networks in routing tasks that arise when using unmanned aerial vehicles
Authors: Ogurtsov Maksym
Published: September 2021

The paper presents an overview of approaches to the neural networks’ usage in combinatorial optimization problems and other problems that arise when using unmanned aircraft vehicles. It has been determined that the neural networks usage (including the deep learning networks) is possible in almost all types of combinatorial optimization problems, in particular, in routing problems (traveling salesman problem, vehicle routing problem in various versions, etc.) and other similar combinatorial optimization problems that arise when using unmanned aerial systems. Recurrent neural networks with nonparametric normalized exponential functions of supervised learning may be used successfully to solve combinatorial optimization problems.
A necessary condition for CPA-security of randomized symmetric code cryptosystems
Authors: Alekseychuk Anton , Shevchuk Olha
Published: September 2021

We investigate a class of symmetric code cryptosystems constructed similarly to the well-known randomized (asymmetric) McEliece cryptosystem. A necessary condition for CPA- security of such cryptosystems is obtained (that is, their security against arbitrary distinguishing chosen-plaintext attacks). To each randomized code cryptosystem of specified type correspond its shortening, which is its reduced version. It is proved that the CPA-security of the input cryptosystem imply the CPA-security of its shortening. To a certain extent, this makes it possible to reduce the question about the CPA-security of randomized code cryptosystems to similar question about cryptosystems that have simpler structure. The obtained result can be used in further research in the construction of provable secure symmetric code cryptosystems.
Generation of general system parameters for Rainbow signature scheme
Authors: Ostrianska Yelyzaveta , Mirzoieva Olha
Published: September 2021

The paper considers the description of electronic signature scheme Rainbow, which is based on multivariate transformations. It is a generalization of the UOV structure, which provides efficient parameterization due to the additional algebraic structure. The article provides an initial analysis of known attacks on the ES Rainbow scheme. Also, algorithms for generating general system parameters for 384 and 512 security bits were developed and the results are presented in this paper. The study found that the Rainbow signature generation process consists of simple operations of linear algebra, such as multiplying matrix vectors and solving linear systems over small finite fields. Another advantage of Rainbow is that this scheme offers very small signatures of only a few hundred bits. But the main disadvantage of Rainbow is the large size of public keys.
Simulation of nonstationary hydrogen diffusion processes near the crack tip in a field of inhomogeneous mechanical stresses
Authors: Pelekh Yaroslav , Kunynets Andrii , Mentynskyi Serhii , Fil Bohdan
Published: September 2021

An elastic-plastic isotropic body is investigated, weakened by a rectilinear crack directed along the abscissa axis, under the action of stresses symmetric with respect to its plane. The hydrogen concentration near the crack tip is calculated. An approximate solution of this problem is constructed under the condition that the distribution of hydrostatic stresses along the crack extension is approximated by a parabola. For a numerical solution, a method of the third order of accuracy with a two-sided estimate of the main term of the local error is proposed.
Active media based on polyurethane doped with a binary dye mixture
Authors:   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NASU, Nikolaiev S. , Pozhar V. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NASU, Dzyubenko M. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NASU, Nikolaiev K. ,   O.Ya. Usikov Institute for Radiophysics and Electronics of NASU
Published: September 2021

Subject and Purpose. The article is concerned with the spectral-luminescent and lasing characteristics of the radiation from solid-state active media based on polyurethane activated by a binary mixture of dyes. The purpose of these studies is to demonstrate a possibility of the spectral range expansion of the emission from solid-state dye lasers with polyurethane active elements. Methods and Methodology. Specially prepared samples of polyurethane active media having the same donor (Rhodamine 6G) concentration but various acceptor (Sulforhodamine 101) concentrations are experimentally studied for their spectral-luminescent and lasing characteristics. Results. The main spectroscopic characteristics of Rhodamine 6G and Sulforhodamine 101 in polyurethane have been measured, the nonradiative energy transfer parameters in this molecular pair estimated. It has been demonstrated that the matrix emission spectrum can be purposefully transformed by selection of relative concentrations of dyes in the mixture. In a broadband resonator, either a single- or two-band emission with different positions and various intensities of spectral bands is observed depending on the acceptor concentration. In a dispersive resonator under the same conditions, the tuning range of the lasing spectrum expands and extends to the longer wavelengths. Conclusion. The prospects of using donor-acceptor dye mixtures for improving spectral characteristics of polyurethane active elements in solid-state dye lasers have been confirmed. It has been shown that signatures of the emission characteristics of these media are governed by the mechanism of the excitation energy transfer between dye molecules. Lasing has been obtained on polyurethane matrices with the emission wavelength tuning throughout the “green-red” region of the spectrum.
Electrical properties of cation-substituted Ag7(Si1–xGex)S5I single crystals
Authors:   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Studenyak I.P. , Pogodin A.I. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Shender I.A. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Filep M.J. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine,   Ferenc Rákóczi II Transcarpathian Hungarian Institute, Kossuth Sq. 6, Beregovo 90200,Ukraine, Kokhan O.P. ,   Uzhhorod National University, 46, Pidhirna str., 88000 Uzhhorod, Ukraine, Kopčanský P. ,   Institute of Experimental Physics, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 47, Watsonova Str., 04001 Košice, Slovakia
Published: September 2021

High-quality single crystals of Ag7(Si1–xGex)S5I (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8) solid solutions are grown from the solution–melt by vertical zone crystallization method. The measurements of electrical conductivity of Ag7(Si1–xGex)S5I solid solutions were performed using the impedance spectroscopy method within the frequency range from 10 Hz up to 2·106 Hz and temperature interval 293–383 K. Ionic and electronic components of electrical conductivity, as well as their ratios, were determined using the Nyquist plots.
Measuring of an unknown voltage by using single electron transistor based voltmeter
Authors:   Kalyani Govt. Engineering College, Kalyani, Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nadia-741235, West Bengal, India, Biswas A.K.
Published: September 2021

In engineering and science, high operating speed, low power consumption, and high integration density equipment are financially indispensable. Single electron device (SED) is one such equipment. SEDs are capable of controlling the transport of only one electron through the tunneling transistor. It is single electron that is sufficient to store information in SED. Power consumed in the single electron circuit is very low in comparison with CMOS circuits. The processing speed of single electron transistor (SET) based device will be nearly close to electronic speed. SET attracts the researchers, scientists or technologists to design and implement large scale circuits for the sake of the consumption of ultra-low power and its small size. All the incidences for the case of a SET-based circuit happen when only a single electron tunnels through the transistors under the proper applied bias voltage and a small gate voltage or multiple gate voltages. For implementing a single electron transistor based voltmeter circuit, SET would be the best candidate to fulfil the requirements of it. Ultra-low noise is generated during tunneling SEDs. A D Flip-Flop is implemented and based on this, two kinds of registers like sequence register and сode register are made.
The model of potential barrier appearing in a hydrolayer localized in a two-layer porous nanostructure
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Bacherikov Yu.Yu. , Okhrimenko O.B. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Goroneskul V.Yu. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Ponomarenko V.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine, 41, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Gilchuk A.V. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03506 Kyiv, Ukraine, Tytov S.K. ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute” 37, prospect Peremohy, 03506 Kyiv, Ukraine, Lyubchyk A.I. ,   Lusófona University, IDEGI, Campo Grande, 376 1749-024 Lisboa, Portugal
Published: September 2021

A model has been proposed to describe the potential barrier that appears during interaction of two compacted layers consisting of hydrophilic oxide nanoparticles of different sizes in each layer upon saturation of this structure with adsorbed water. The dependence of the space charge density of the compacted powder material on the density of particles in it has been theoretically calculated. The distribution of the potential over the thickness of contact between two layers consisting of nanoparticles with different sizes has been obtained.
Simulation and characterization of planar high-efficiency back contact silicon solar cells
Authors:   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sachenko A.V. , Kostylyov V.P. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Korkishko R.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Vlasiuk V.M. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Sokolovskyi I.O. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Dvernikov B.F. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Chernenko V.V. ,   V. Lashkaryov Institute of Semiconductor Physics, NAS of Ukraine 45, prospect Nauky, 03680 Kyiv, Ukraine, Evstigneev M.A. ,   Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John’s, NL, Canada
Published: September 2021

Short-circuit current, open-circuit voltage, and photoconversion efficiency of silicon high-efficiency solar cells with all back contact (BCSC) with planar surfaces have been calculated theoretically. In addition to the recombination channels usually considered in this kind of modeling, namely, radiative, Auger, Shockley–Read–Hall, and surface recombination, the model also takes into account the nonradiative trap-assisted exciton Auger recombination and recombination in the space charge region. It is ascertained that these two recombination mechanisms are essential in BCSCs in the maximum power operation regime. The model results are in good agreement with the experimental results from the literature.
Vida y obra del capitán Francisco Afán de Ribera (1589-1651). Un soldado en Europa
Authors: Chacón-Jiménez Francisco , Martíne-Martínez José Antonio
Published: September 2021

La autobiografía es un género literario y, además, una de las fuentes documentales que profundizan con mayor realismo en la vida de sus protagonistas. Nuestra hipótesis es mostrar como el caso del capitán Francisco Afán de Ribera no solo es un ejemplo de exaltación de las virtudes militares para honra y honor de su persona, antepasados y descendientes, sino que incorpora informaciones personales y familiares —especialmente significativas en el caso de su esposa—, así como los valores educativos y formativos que debe reunir un joven noble en la sociedad de su tiempo. Todo ello en un contexto y período (1589-1651) de especial relieve y significación en la historia de la Monarquía hispánica. Objetivos: precisar y caracterizar las tres etapas que el texto autobiográfico expone con claridad sobre la vida de este soldado de origen granadino —nacido en Guadix—, casado y establecido en Murcia. El mapa de sus viajes, estancias en ciudades, puestos y responsabilidades militares ejercidas con indicaciones de batallas, unido a vida familiar, régimen demográfico y redes de parentesco espiritual y clientelares, completan dichos objetivos y forman el tejido de la vida y obra de este soldado en la Europa de la primera mitad del siglo XVII.
Detecting at-risk students on Computer Science bachelor programs based on pre-enrollment characteristics
Authors: Varga Erika B. , Sátán Ádám
Published: September 2021

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the pre-enrollment attributes of first-year students at Computer Science BSc programs of the University of Miskolc, Hungary in order to find those that mostly contribute to failure on the Programming Basics first-semester course and, consequently to dropout. Our aim is to detect at-risk students early, so that we can offer appropriate mentorship program to them. The study is based on secondary school performance and first-semester Programming Basics course results from the last decade of over 500 students. Secondary school performance is characterized by the rank of the school, admission point score, and foreign language knowledge. The correlation of these data with the Programming Basics course result is measured. We have tested three hypotheses, and found that admission point score and school rank together have significant impact on the first-semester Programming Basics course results. The findings also support our assumption that students having weaknesses in all examined pre-enrollment attributes are subject to dropout. This paper presents our analysis on students' data and the method we used to determine the attributes that mostly affect dropout.
Degree achievements and maximalization: a cross-linguistic perspective
Authors: Martínez Vera Gabriel
Published: September 2021

This paper discusses degree achievements cross-linguistically, focusing on the maximalization possibilities reported in the literature. I introduce a four-way typology where languages differ regarding whether they overtly mark (with lexical items) degree maximalization (i.e., the scale of the degree achievement is bounded in an event) and/ or event maximalization (i.e., there is a unique maximal event in the denotation of the predicate), and account for the variation. The four types are represented by English, which does not overtly mark degree or event maximalization; Southern Aymara, which overtly marks degree but not event maximalization; Polish, which overtly marks event maximalization only; and Hungarian, which overtly marks event maximalization with an additional requirement regarding the presence of lexical maxima (if available). I provide tests to distinguish degree vs. event maximalization. My proposal is implemented in Beavers’s (2011, 2012) Figure/Path Relation model, making use of a restricted set of lexical items to account for the variation. I suggest that the typology examined is exhaustive, and discuss the variation in telicity contrasts that arise as a result of different maximalization possibilities.
The Future of Public Service Media and the Internet
Authors: D’Arma Alessandro , Fuchs Christian , Horowitz Minna , Unterberger Klaus
Published: September 2021

Utilising the eComitee platform, an active group of scholars and PSM experts discussed the future of Public Service Media and the Internet for a time period of two months. After the discussion in the four clusters was closed, Alessandro D’Arma, Christian Fuchs, Minna Horowitz, and Klaus Unterberger created a summary of the discussion. This summary is documented as chapter 5 in this chapter. Based on the summary, a first version of the Manifesto was created that was then further discussed on eComitee. This chapter is a scholarly foundation of the Manifesto that gives an overview of a range of issues concerning contemporary Public Service Media, the contemporary Internet, and the future of communication(s).
Convection of magnetic fluid in a closed hydrodynamic loop
Authors:   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, Koskov Mikhail A. , Pshenichnikov Alexander F. ,   Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS
Published: September 2021

Thermal convection of ferrofluid in a closed side-heated hydrodynamic loop is investigated experimentally when a nonuniform magnetic field is applied to the tube section near the electric heater. The nonuniform magnetic field with a strength of up to 24 kA/m is created by a permanent magnet of the “neodymium-iron-boron” type, equipped with ferrite pole pieces. For temperature measurements, miniature copper-constantan thermocouples are used. The temperature distribution along the circuit and temperature differences on both sides of the heater is measured. The tubes of the loop are cooled by a stream of thermostatic air which ensures a constant heat transfer coefficient at the outer surface of the tubes and an exponential temperature distribution along the circuit. The exponent determined in the experiments is used to provide information about the integral axial heat flux (Nusselt number). The experiments were performed with undecane in the ordinary gravitational convection regime and with medium concentrated magnetic fluid in the combined (gravitational and thermomagnetic) convection regime in the range of Rayleigh numbers 103–104. The estimation of the characteristic magnetic Rayleigh numbers was carried out taking into account the demagnetizing fields. For all modes, the dependence of the Nusselt number normalized to the heat transfer coefficient on the thermal Rayleigh number is plotted. It is shown that thermomagnetic convection increases the intensity of heat exchange by 4–6 times.
Dynamics of movement of a smart pig in a low pressure gas pipeline
Authors:   LLC “PSO “NefteGasDiagnostica””, Muginov Roman R. , Peshcherenko Sergey N. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University, Perminov Anatoliy V. ,   Perm National Research Polytechnic University
Published: September 2021

Currently, diagnostics of gas pipelines is carried out by in-line smart pigs driven by the pumped gas without changing the operating mode of the pipeline. A necessary condition for high-quality diagnostics is the constant velocity of the pig. If the pipeline does not contain inhomogeneities (plugs), then the steady movement of the smart pig occurs at a constant speed. However, in the presence of inhomogeneities, the movement becomes uneven, and the lower the pressure in the pipeline, the greater the inhomogeneity of the pig movement. From experience, it is known that to ensure a constant velocity of the pig, the required pressure inside the pipeline must be at least 30 atm. In pipelines for associated petroleum gas, the pressure usually does not exceed 10 atm. With the tightening of environmental regulations for the operation of oil fields in Russia, several thousand kilometers of gas pipelines for associated petroleum gas have appeared, and the problem of their diagnosis is urgent. In this article, the analysis of the physical processes accompanying the smart pig’s movement allowed us to obtain equations describing its movement, and to make estimates of the interaction of the pig with the plugs inside the gas pipeline. The concept of a new pig for a low-pressure associated petroleum gas pipeline is proposed, and the main methods of controlling its movement are established and justified.
Magneto-orientation response of ferronematic with a tilted orientation of the director and magnetization
Authors:   Perm State University, Petrov Danil A. , Khannanov Rifat R. ,   Perm State University
Published: September 2021

The article considers orientational transitions induced by a magnetic field in a highly dispersed suspension of ferromagnetic particles in a nematic liquid crystal – ferronematic. We research the case when, in the absence of an external magnetic field between the directions of the liquid crystal director and magnetization of the impurity particles, a constant pretilt angle is maintained, and the coupling of the liquid crystal molecules to the surface of the ferroparticles is assumed to be soft and planar. An example of such an impurity is ferromagnetic carbon nanotubes magnetized at a certain angle to their long axes. On the basis of the continuum theory, the equilibrium values of the orientation angles of the liquid crystal director and magnetization are calculated for different values of the pretilt angle. The results of calculations are compared with the previously considered case of planar coupling between the director and magnetization. Analytical expressions are obtained for determining the orientational and magnetic structure of the ferronematic in the case of weak magnetic fields. The magnetization of the ferronematic is studied for different values of the pretilt angle.
UNPREPARED READING AS A TYPE OF SPONTANEOUS SPEECH (on Signs of Spontaneity in Reading in a Non-Native Language)
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Kong Сhunxia
Published: September 2021

The article discusses unprepared reading in a non-native language and shows it to have all the signs of spontaneity that are traditionally considered integral characteristics of any spontaneous speech: hesitation pauses, both physical (ɭ) and filled with non-speech sounds (uh, m-m), word breaks, reading the whole word or part of it by syllables, vocalization of a consonant, and so forth. The material for the analysis included 40 monologues of reading the story by M. Zoshchenko Fantasy Shirt and a non-plot excerpt from V. Korolenko’s story The Blind Musician recorded from 20 Chinese informants. All the monologues are included in the block of Russian interfering speech of the Chinese as part of the monologic speech corpus Ba­lanced Annotated Text Library. As the analysis showed, it is more often that there is not one sign of spontaneity but a whole complex of such signs, and together they fill hesitation pauses, help the speaker to control the quality of speech or correct what was said, etc. In addition, the occurrence of various signs of spontaneity in the course of unprepared reading is closely related to the individual characteristics of the speaker/reader. In general, we have found that there are more signs of spontaneity in the speech of men (3,244 cases; 40.7 %) than in the speech of women (2,049; 27.7 %), in the speech of informants with a lower level of proficiency in Russian B2 (2,993; 37.9 %) than in the speech of informants with a higher level C1 (2,300; 30.8 %), in the speech of extroverts (1,521; 38 %) than in the speech of ambiverts (1,694; 35,2 %) and introverts (2,078; 31,7 %). As to the type of the source text, there turned out to be more signs of spontaneity in monologues of reading a plot text than in monologues of reading a non-plot text (3,031; 40.3 vs 2,283; 31 %). The paper concludes that reading should be recognized as a spontaneous type of speech activity.
CONTEMPORARY RURAL ZOONYMICON IN THE DERIVATIONAL ASPECT (on the Material of Zoonyms of One Group of Villages)
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the RAS, Bobrova Maria V.
Published: September 2021

The article is devoted to the study of zoonyms functioning in the speech of the inhabitants of Troel’ga rural settlement, Kungur district (Perm Krai). Methodologically, animal names are considered in the article in line with the theory of derivation, that is, as a result of dynamic processes at different levels of the language system. It is necessary to distinguish between nicknames that appeared in the course of zoonymic transformations and those that appeared due to transformations of ready-made lexical means (products of pre-zoonymic transformations). We have found that the first ones form as a result of six types of derivation: word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are absent in the literary language), lexical and word-forming derivation (with the formation of words that are homonymous to the words of the literary language), lexical derivation (with the use of non-derived words that are absent in the literary language: neologisms and barbarisms), lexical-semantic derivation (with the reinterpretation of the semantics of the generating word), lexical-grammatical derivation (with the functional transformation of the generating word), morphological derivation (with the grammatical transformation of the generating word). The words of the second group are included in the zoonymicon through lexical derivation (using derived and non-derived words of the literary language), lexical-semantic derivation (with semantic transformation of all-Russian words), morphological-syntactic derivation (with a change of the part of speech of all-Russian words). Within these types, certain derivational models are implemented, in particular k-suffixation, word convergence based on paronomasia, onymization and transonymization, substantivization, etc. The paper provides a conclusion about a variety of ways of forming modern zoonymicon, about the specificity of some particular derivational models for the given sample.
Representations of social reality: communicative aspects of their construction under the information singularity conditions
Authors:   Far Eastern Federal University, Zakharkin Roman A. , Panfilova Anna O. ,   Far Eastern Federal University
Published: September 2021

The article analyzes the role of modern mass communication in the construction of social reality representations. Based on the phenomenological and postmodern approaches to social analysis, the authors draw a conclusion about the determining and specific influence of the mass media on the individual in the context of the information society. The modern socio-informational exchange is greatly complicated by the information redundancy factor and the impossibility to fully process the entire volume of information. Excess of information puts a person in a situation of choice: he needs to choose certain channels. Then the chosen ones become the main media providers of social reality representations. Consequently, those representations in many respects are influenced by the content broadcasted through the selected channels. Theoretical and empirical data show that this plays a special role in the structure of individuals’ everyday informational practices and affects the level of trust to information sources and the processes of self-identification and socialization in the current social reality. The authors draw a general conclusion that people’s representations of social reality are, to a large extent, of an image nature. In many ways, this process also depends on the media concept of the selected channels. It is constructed and promoted by the communication efforts of the modern mass media. The authors emphasize the simulated and controllable nature of this process. The article presents data which may be useful in further sociological analysis of the modern mass communication process, in interpretation of its institutional characteristics, in determining their role in the construction of social reality representations.