bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of Structural, Electronic and Pharmacodynamics Properties of Developed Zeolite Docking with Hemoglobin
Authors: Kadhim Bahjat , Abdulrahman Mohamed A. , Dawooda Mohamed A.
Published: October 2024

The study included simulating the preparation of the structure of zeolite with its natural square structure in its simplest form, in addition to the structure of the developed zeolite, where the square zeolite was developed by adding one atom of copper or iron, in addition to the preparation of the cubic zeolite. Simulation of the structural and electronic properties of zeolite and developed zeolite structures was studied, using density functional theory at the B3LYP level and the 6 – 311G(d,p) basis set. The above properties of non-oxidized and oxidized hemoglobin were also simulated, for the purpose of making a comparison between it and the coalescence of developed zeolite with non-oxidized hemoglobin, to know the effect of the developed zeolite structures on hemoglobin as a pharmacodynamics properties. The Gibbs free energy was calculated for the docking of oxygen with non-oxidized heme, which was (-51.624 eV) as well as for the zeolite structures developed after docking with non-oxidized heme, which was (94814.14175 eV) for Fe - zeolite with DHB and (4107.871817 eV) for Cu - zeolite with DHB. Through the thermodynamic results, it was shown that the docking process of the developed zeolite structures with non-oxidized hemoglobin is non-lethal and harmless and is similar to the docking process of oxygen with heme. It can be concluded from this, that the developed zeolite structures can be used in medical applications, such as participating in treatment, delivering medications, or carrying medications inside the human body.
Non-thermal atmospheric jet plasma effects on the morphological, electrical and optical properties of nanocrystalline silicon
Authors: Hashim Intesar H. , Hadi Hasan A. , Hayif Noor Dhaief Hayif
Published: October 2024

In this study, a non-thermal atmospheric argon plasma jet (NTAPJ) was designed and used to treat the porous silicon layer, prepared by photoelectrochemical etching (PECE). The porous silicon layers were distinguished before and after the cold plasma treatment utilized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), photoluminescence (PL), and dark and photo current-voltage characteristics. The results confirmed the nanostructure of the formed porous silicon. After the treatment with argon plasma, the intensity of the XRD peak increased, and the porosity decreased from 93% to 62%. Additionally, porous silicon's average roughness (Sa) and root mean square (Sq) were reduced from 60.10 to 12.31nm and 73.70 to 16.53nm, respectively. The current-voltage characteristic indicated the increase in photocurrent and the ideality factor, as well as a decrease in dynamic resistance. The photoluminescence results showed a change in PL peaks, represented by a blue shift, an increase in intensity, and a vanishing of another peak.
Material Selection for Metal Additive Manufacturing Using Multi-Criteria Decision Making Methods
Authors: Özakın Batuhan , Gültekin Kürşat
Published: October 2024

Additive manufacturing has attracted attention as a new generation manufacturing method that has found widespread use in many industries in recent years due to its many advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. The materials used in metal additive manufacturing technology have a wide range. Therefore, making the ideal choice among these preferable materials is very important. Multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) techniques are reliable and effective methods in material selection processes and are effectively used in material selection processes. In this study, TOPSIS (Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) and Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) methods were applied to the selection process among different criteria and materials for metal additive manufacturing. It was observed that AlSi12Cu2Fe material ranked first in the TOPSIS method, while H13 material ranked first in the ARAS method. The second place was taken by H13 material in the TOPSIS method and AlSi12Cu2Fe material in the ARAS method. A strong relationship exists between TOPSIS and ARAS methods with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.977. It has been concluded that it will be more effective to decide according to the nature of the technological application in the use of the materials that rank first two in TOPSIS and ARAS methods in additive manufacturing.
Effect of Probiotic Supplementation in Diet on Egg Production, Egg Quality, Intestinal Morphology and Bacterial Population in Caecum of Laying Hens
Authors: Puncharoen Sujeera , Poeikampha Theerawit , Poungpong Kanokporn
Published: October 2024

The objective of this study was to study the effect of probiotic supplementation in diet on egg production, egg quality, intestinal morphology, and bacterial population in caecum of laying hens. A total of 768 Lohmann Brown-Classic laying hens, aged 42 - 54 weeks, were used. The laying hens were divided into 3 groups, each with 8 subgroups of 32 birds each. The experiment was planned to use a completely randomized design method. The 3 experimental groups were classified based on their dietary treatment as follows: 1) Basal diet (without probiotic supplementation), 2) Basal diet with probiotic 0.01 and 0.02 % in 3, respectively. Data was collected for 12 weeks. Adding probiotic in the diet was no significant difference on egg production, egg quality, and bacterial population in caecum. However, probiotic supplementation in the diet increased villi height of the duodenum significantly improved (p < 0.02), villi height per depth crypt of the duodenum significantly improved (p < 0.05), villi height per depth crypt of the jejunum significantly improved (p < 0.01), and villi height per depth crypt of the ileum significantly improved (p < 0.02). Therefore, studies have shown that dietary probiotic supplementation can improved small intestinal morphology are the most important indexes for measuring the digestive and absorption function of the small intestine are more efficient.
HIGHLIGHTS

Probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) is a gram-positive, non-pathogenic bacterium that can inhibit digestive enzymes such as protease, amylase, and lipase. These enzymes help increase the efficiency of digestion and absorption of nutrients.
As a result of the working mechanism of Bacillus subtilis, it helps strengthen the intestinal wall, eliminates pathogenic microorganisms, reduces damaged intestinal mucosal cells, and improves intestinal absorption, resulting in increased production.
Effect of probiotic (Bacillus subtilis) supplementation in laying hen diets on total bacterial load in appendix. No difference was found in the load of total bacteria and Escherichia coli (P > 0.05).
Its beneficial properties stimulate the growth of beneficial bacteria in the intestines, such as Bifidobacteria sp. and Lactobacillus sp., causing the production of lactic acid, which makes the colon more acidic, resulting in inhibition of the growth of pathogenic microorganisms.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
The Contribution of Postoperative Analgesia Protocols to the Management of Acute Postoperative Pain in the OrthopedicTraumatology Surgery Department at Batna University Hospital
Authors: GUERZA Ouarda , BENALDJIA Hanane , FELOUAT Fadila , DJEBAILI Rachida
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Objectives. The existence of protocols was identified as a positive element for the quality of postoperative acute pain management. We conducted a survey aimed at evaluating the impact of postoperative analgesia protocols on the management of acute postoperative pain in the orthopedic-traumatology surgery department at Batna University Hospital. Methods. A descriptive and evaluative monocentric study was conducted with 5 doctors and 37 caregivers over three months in 2015 before the launch of the quality assurance approach, and over three months in 2017. This study aimed at evaluating the impact of postoperative analgesia protocols on the management of acute postoperative pain in the orthopedic-traumatology surgery department at Batna University Hospital. Qualitative and quantitative parameters were studied, and data analysis was performed using SPSS software. Results. The reevaluation audit showed that 4 out of 5 doctors and 91.9% of nurses confirmed the availability of standardized written protocols for postoperative analgesia and the diagnosis and treatment of complications within the orthopedic-traumatology surgery department at Batna University Hospital. Conclusion. The positive contribution of postoperative analgesia protocols to the management of acute postoperative pain within the orthopedic-traumatology surgery department at Batna University Hospital has been confirmed.
A comprehensive investigation into the ranges of laboratory tests present in cerebrospinal fluid across various types of meningitis within different age categories
Authors: MESSAI Aya , DRIF Ahlem , OUYAHIA Amel , RAIS Mounira , GUECHI Meriem , KADERALI Lars , CHERIFI Hocine
Published: October 2024

Background. Diagnosing meningitis requires a lumbar puncture to analyze cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and determine the causative pathogen. Key diagnostic measures include Glucose and Protein concentrations, cell count, differential leukocyte count, Gram stain, culture, and PCR if necessary. Objective. Our analysis assessed patterns in key biomarkers—neutrophils, lymphocytes, cerebrospinal fluid white blood cell count, and CSF/blood Glucose and Protein ratios—across various types of meningitis, including meningococcemia, meningococcal, tuberculous, pneumococcal, aseptic, and other bacterial meningitis. We examined these biomarkers within distinct age categories: children (0-12 years), adults (13-64 years), and the elderly (≥ 65 years). Methods. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze various types of meningitis across different age groups. We assessed the normality of laboratory biomarkers using the Shapiro-Wilk test, and applied Welch ANOVA to explore potential differences in biomarker levels among various types of meningitis. A Games-Howell post hoc test was used to identify specific pairs of meningitis types with statistically significant differences in biomarker levels. Results. The analysis of variance of cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers revealed significant differences in CSF WCC (cells/mm3), Neutrophils (%), Lymphocytes (%), CSF/blood Glucose and Protein ratios in children and adults (p <0.05). However, differences were observed solely in neutrophil levels among elderly subjects. In bacterial meningitis, neutrophil levels increased across all ages, with adults showing higher levels. For meningococcal meningitis, adults had a median neutrophil level of 78.5% [60%, 90%] compared to 57% [24.5%, 85.25%] in children. The CSF white cell count (WCC) median was also higher in adults (339 cells/mm³) compared to children (224 cells/mm³). Viral meningitis cases exhibited higher lymphocyte levels across all age groups, with medians of 69% [34%, 87%] in children, 82% [61%, 93%] in adults, and 77% [55%, 90%] in the elderly. The glucose ratio was lower in bacterial meningitis (<0.3) and higher in viral cases (>0.5). Protein ratios were elevated in bacterial meningitis, indicating increased blood-brain barrier permeability. These results demonstrate a distinct biological profile for different causative agents, modulated by patient age.
Detection of liver metastases in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma: MRI versus CT
Authors: TIBERMACINE Walid , SAKER Mohamed Redha , MENOURA Raouf , BOUZINOUNA Redha , AMMARI Abdelaziz , BOUMENDJEL Mustapha , TACHOUR Sana Hazar
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Detection of liver metastases is important to guide therapeutic management of pancreatic cancer. Data suggest that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is more sensitive than computed tomography (CT) for the diagnosis of liver metastases from pancreatic cancer. However, MRI is currently not recommended in several guidelines. Purpose. To compare the performance of CT vs MRI in detection of liver metastases in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Methods. This was a retrospective single-center study over 24 months from January 2020 to December 2021 of patients suspected of having PDAC. All patients underwent contrast-enhanced triple phase CT and contrast-enhanced MRI/MRCP. The CT and MRI assessment of resectability and detection of metastases were performed according to NCCN version 1.2024 criteria by one observer based on clinical report. Composite reference standard based on decision of operability (based on multidisciplinary tumor board decision), surgical findings (delay of 2 to 3 weeks after imaging) and histopathologic findings. Results. 117 patients (M/F 52/65, mean age 62±11y) were included. The mean tumor size was 43.6±15.2mm (add range). 42/46 patients (34.2%/39.3%) were diagnosed with metastatic disease on CT/MRI, 40/36 patients (34.2%/30.8%) were resectable, 20/16 patients (17.1%/13.7%) were borderline resectable and 15/19 patients (12.8%/16.2%) were locally advanced. The detection of liver metastases on CT and MRI was compared with surgical findings in 45 patients (38.5%). The analysis showed that MRI had superior performance to CT, with sensitivity at 100% vs 60% and specificity at 97.1% vs 97.1%, PPV at 90.9% vs 85.7% and NPV 100% vs 89.5% (MRI/CT). Conclusion. MRI is more sensitive than CT in detection of liver metastases in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
A Study on Employee Engagement at Smart-Q
Authors: Tanmayee Saika  , Dr Suma  S
Published: October 2024

This study examines the level of employee engagement at SmartQ - Bottle Lab Technologies, a food and beverage company in Bangalore. A survey-based research approach was employed, collecting primary data from 100 employees. Descriptive statistics, corelation, and ANOVA were used to analyze the impact of factors such as job satisfaction, leadership, and recognition on employee engagement. The results indicate a significant positive correlation between job satisfaction, and employee engagement. Additionally, the study revealed that recognition and rewards significantly influence employee motivation and retention
SWOT analysis of a Family Medicine internship experience at São Vicente, Cape Verde
Authors: Felício Maria , Azevedo Márcia
Published: October 2024

A 3-week internship at a health center in Cape Verde allowed a reflective analysis of the situation of Primary Health Care in the country. This experience is presented using the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) analysis and an integrative literature review. The authors identified strengths (organization of appointments, accessibility to Nutrition and Psychology care, training of family doctors), weaknesses (child health surveillance, maternal health and family planning mostly carried out without the support of medical staff; lack of computerization; underuse of physical and human resources; shortage of materials; unavailability of certain medicines; the need to evacuate complex cases), opportunities (young population, openness to educational actions, growing interest of foreign doctors in doing internships in the country) and threats (geography, non-free family planning, socioeconomic conditions, cultural particularities). The authors hope that this study will contribute to a constructive approach that will help improve healthcare in Cape Verde.
Agonía de un pueblo: urgencia de soluciones
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 423-424, 1984: 1-12.
El Estado, la Constitución y los derechos sociales, económicos y culturales
Authors: Gómez Rodolfo Antonio
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 423-424, 1984: 13-30.
Octubre-diciembre
Authors: ECA: Estudios Centroamericanos
Published: October 2024

No abstract available.
ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 39, No. 423-424, 1984: 66-69.
An Ethical and Equitable Vision of AI in Education: Learning Across 28 Exploratory Projects
Authors: Sierra Noakes Sierra Noakes , Shell Alison , Murillo Alexis M. , Van Nostrand Parker , Ruiz Pati , Cornick Shayla , Karim Sana
Published: October 2024

This report shares the learnings across 28 exploratory projects from teams across K-12 school districts, nonprofits, and nonprofit and for-profit edtech companies, leveraging AI to support numerous goals across K-12 educational settings. Through this report, we aim to highlight the early successes of AI, surface the key barriers that call for cross-disciplinary and collective problem-solving, and consider the potential for each sector to drive forward an equitable future for AI in education. Preliminary findings from these projects show early evidence of AI’s effectiveness in various tasks, including translation, speech recognition, personalization, organizing and summarizing large qualitative datasets, and streamlining tasks to allow teachers more time with their students. However, these projects also experienced challenges with the current capabilities of AI, often leading to resource- and time-intensive processes, as well as difficulties around adoption and implementation. Additionally, many surfaced concerns around the ethical development and use of AI. Through this work, we have seen exciting ways that cross-sector collaborations are taking shape and gained a large sample of examples that emphasize the need for co-design to build meaningful AI-enabled tools. We call on education leaders, educators, students, product developers, nonprofits, and philanthropic organizations to step back from our day-to-day and imagine a revolutionized education system.
Customer-Centric quality management: A framework for organizational excellence in SMEs
Authors: Nnenna Ijeoma Okeke  , Olufunke Anne Alabi  , Abbey Ngochindo Igwe  , Onyeka Chrisanctus Ofodile  , Chikezie Paul-Mikki Ewim
Published: October 2024

In an era where customer expectations are continually evolving, Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) must adopt innovative quality management practices to achieve organizational excellence. This review presents a customer-centric quality management framework designed specifically for SMEs, emphasizing the pivotal role of customer satisfaction in enhancing operational efficiency, product quality, and overall business performance. The framework is built on the premise that customer feedback and engagement are integral to quality management processes. By prioritizing customer needs and expectations, SMEs can develop quality assurance strategies that not only meet but exceed customer requirements. This approach involves systematic collection and analysis of customer feedback, enabling organizations to identify areas for improvement and innovate their offerings accordingly. Central to the framework are key components such as continuous improvement, employee involvement, and process optimization. Continuous improvement methodologies, like Lean and Six Sigma, are tailored to suit the unique challenges faced by SMEs, fostering a culture of quality that empowers employees at all levels. Engaging employees in quality initiatives cultivates a sense of ownership and accountability, essential for driving organizational change and enhancing service delivery. Furthermore, the framework emphasizes the importance of aligning quality management practices with customer-centric strategies. This alignment ensures that quality initiatives are not only reactive but also proactive, anticipating customer needs and adapting processes to deliver superior value. Incorporating customer relationship management (CRM) tools enhances communication, allowing SMEs to gather insights that inform quality improvements and strengthen customer loyalty. Implementing a customer-centric quality management framework can significantly impact an SME's competitiveness by enhancing product reliability, reducing defects, and improving customer satisfaction. Ultimately, this approach fosters organizational excellence, leading to increased market share and long-term sustainability. In conclusion, this framework equips SMEs with the necessary tools to integrate customer-centricity into their quality management processes, driving continuous improvement and excellence.
Keywords:  Customer-Centric Quality Management, Smes, Organizational Excellence, Customer Satisfaction, Continuous Improvement, Lean, Six Sigma, Employee Involvement, Process Optimization, CRM Tools, Competitiveness.
Osimertinib (Tagrisso)
Authors: CDA-AMC
Published: October 2024

Canada’s Drug Agency (CDA-AMC) recommends that Tagrisso in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based chemotherapy should be reimbursed by public drug plans for the first-line treatment of patients with locally advanced (not amenable to curative therapies) or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) which harbours epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 19 deletions (Ex19del) or exon 21 (L858R) substitution mutations if certain conditions are met.
Tagrisso plus chemotherapy should only be covered to treat adult patients (aged ≥ 18 years) who have nonsquamous NSCLC; whose tumours have spread to other parts of the body, returned after treatment, or cannot be removed by surgery or radiation; whose tumours harbour EGFR Ex19del or L858R substitution mutations; and who are in relatively good health. Tagrisso should not be covered to treat patients who have a history of breathing difficulties caused by scarring and inflammation in the lung tissue; who have a history of heart problems associated with their heart taking longer to recharge between beats or their heart beating too fast, too slow, or in an irregular way; or, who have already been treated for NSCLC with treatments affecting their entire body (except for treatments given at least 6 months before the tumour returned, as a first step to shrink a tumour before the primary treatment, or as an additional treatment after the primary treatment to lower the risk of the tumour returning).
Tagrisso should only be reimbursed if it is prescribed in combination with pemetrexed and platinum-based (i.e., cisplatin or carboplatin) chemotherapy by clinicians with expertise in treating NSCLC, and the cost of Tagrisso is reduced. Reimbursement of Tagrisso plus chemotherapy should be discontinued if a patient’s cancer grows or spreads, or if treatment is unacceptably toxic to the patient.
Abemaciclib (Verzenio)
Authors: CDA-AMC
Published: October 2024

Canada’s Drug Agency recommends that public drug plans reimburse Verzenio in combination with endocrine therapy for the adjuvant treatment of adults with hormone receptor (HR)-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-negative, node-positive, early-stage breast cancer at high risk of recurrence based on clinicopathological features if certain conditions are met.
Verzenio, in combination with endocrine therapy, should only be covered in patients whose breast cancer has receptors for the estrogen and progesterone hormones, tests negative for the HER2 protein, has been removed by surgery, and is at high risk of coming back based on clinicopathological features, including 4 or more positive axillary lymph nodes (ALNs), or 1 to 3 positive ALNs plus histologic grade 3 disease, or 1 to 3 positive ALNs plus a tumour size of 5 cm or more, or 1 to 3 positive ALNs plus a Ki-67 score of 20% or more (if tumour size is < 5cm and disease is not grade 3).
Verzenio, in combination with endocrine therapy, should only be reimbursed if prescribed by clinicians with expertise delivering systemic treatment and if the cost is reduced.
Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin Kurucu Değerlerinin Anayasal Çözümlemesi (1921 ve 1924 Anayasalarının Siyasal Genetiği)
Authors: YÜCEL Bülent
Published: October 2024

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti, I. Dünya Savaşı ertesinde yaşanan işgallerin
yarattığı bir devlettir. Bu anlamda kendine özgü toplumsal ve siyasal
koşulların ürünü olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Devletin oluşum sürecinin
temelinde, ulusal direnişin merkezîleştirilerek örgütlenmesi yer almaktadır.
Mücadele sürecinde Ankara’da toplanan TBMM, yürütülen Bağımsızlık
Savaşı’nın, siyasal, yönetimsel, hukuksal ve askeri karargâhıdır. TBMM,
1921 ve 1924 Anayasalarıyla gerçekleştirdiği siyasal sistem değişikliğiyle
devleti yeniden yapılandırmıştır.

İki bölümden oluşturulan bu çalışmanın ilk kısmında, Savaş
koşullarının yarattığı ortamın betimlemesi yapılacaktır. Cumhuriyetin kurucu
değerlerinin ele alınacağı ikinci kısımda ise anayasal düzlemde bir siyasal ve
hukuksal çözümlemeye gidilecektir.
Anavatana Katılması Sırasında Hatay’da Demiryolu, Karayolları ve Limanların Durumu
Authors: ATLI Cengiz
Published: October 2024

Hatay Anadolu'nun en eski yerleşim merkezlerinden biridir. Osmanlı
İmparatorluğu’nda önce Halep’e bağlı bir sancak ve daha sonra kaza olarak
yönetilmiştir. 1516’da Yavuz Sultan Selim bu toprakları ele geçirmiş ve
Osmanlı İmparatorluğu dönemi başlamıştır. Osmanlı İmparatorluğu’nun
Hatay’daki hâkimiyeti 1918 yılına kadar devam etti. Mondros
Mütarekesinden sonra Fransız işgaline uğrayan ve 1921 yılında Türkiye
Cumhuriyeti sınırları dışında kalan Antakya, İskenderun ve havalisinde
İskenderun Sancağı adıyla bir yönetim kuruldu. 6 Eylül 1938 günü Mecliste
yeni “Hatay Anayasası” kabul edildi. Anayasaya göre “Sancak” yerine
devletin adı “Hatay Devleti” olarak kabul edilmiş ve idare şekli Cumhuriyet
olarak belirlenmiştir. Hatay devletinde, merkez Antakya olmak üzere
İskenderun, Ordu (Yayladağı), Kırıkhan ve Reyhaniye ilçe olarak belirlendi.
16 Şubat 1939 günü yapılan toplantıda Türkiye Cumhuriyeti kanunları Hatay
kanunu olarak aynen kabul edildi. 28 Haziran’da Hatay Millet Meclisinin
son toplantısı yapıldı. Bu toplantıda Hatay'ın Türkiye'ye katılma kararı kabul
ediliyordu.

7 Temmuz 1939 tarih ve 3711 sayılı kanunla, Fransızlarla yapılan 23
Haziran anlaşması sonucunda, Türkiye milli hududu içine giren Hatay’ın
Türkiye'ye ilhak edildiğini, Hatay vilayetinin kurulduğunu, Dörtyol
kazasının Seyhan'dan Hassa nahiyesinin İslahiye'den (Gaziantep) ve kaza
haline getirilerek Hatay vilayetine bağlandığını belirten hükümler içeriyordu.
Hatay verimli toprağı, ılıman iklimi ve Amanos Dağları ile çevrili yapısıyla
tarih boyunca kültür ve uygarlık merkezi olmuştur. Özellikle İskenderun
Limanı’nın işlevsel hale gelmesiyle bölgede artan nüfus, tarımın yanında
ticari hayatın da canlanmasını sağlamıştır. İskenderun Limanı’nın
ekonomide yerini tam olarak belirlemesi bölgeye demiryolu hattının
gelmesiyle gerçekleşmiştir. İç kesimler ile liman arasında bağlantıyı
sağlayacak bu hat Mersin’in ekonomik anlamda gelişmesini kat kat artırmıştır. Bu dönemde şark bölgesinin nakliyatı Nusaybin Hattı üzerinden
sağlanmaktaydı. Hatay’ın anavatana katıldıktan sonra Nusaybin üzerinden
gelen demiryolunun İskenderun limanına kadar genişletilmesi amaçlanmıştı.
Bu dönemde toplam 537 km karayolu mevcuttu. Bildirimizin konusu 1939
yılında Hatay’ın anavatana katılması sırasında Hatay’da demiryolu,
karayolları ve limanların durumunu arşiv kaynakları, temel kaynaklar,
TBMM tutanakları ve hatıratlar ışığında aydınlatılmaya çalışılacaktır.
Atatürk Gençleri Kurumu: 1937
Authors: ÇAKIR KALEM Demet
Published: October 2024

Meşrutiyet döneminde esen “hürriyet” rüzgârının etkisiyle, Avrupa’daki
gençlik teşkilatlarından esinlenilerek 1913’te “Türk Gücü Cemiyeti”,
1914’te “Osmanlı Güç Derneği”, 1916’da ise “Osmanlı Genç Derneği”
kurulmuştur. Cumhuriyet’in ilanını takip eden günlerde Başbakan İsmet
(İnönü) Bey’in talimatıyla benzer teşkilatların kuruluşunun tekrar gündeme
geldiği görülmektedir. Bu dönemde “Genç Dernekleri”, “Bozkurt Genç
Dernekleri”, “İnkılâp Gençleri Dernekleri” adları ile anılan bu teşkilatlar
başlarda Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı ile Genelkurmay Başkanlığı arasında yetki
karmaşası, daha sonra da bütün dünyayı etkileyen iktisadî buhranın (1929)
engeline takılmıştır.

Bu dönemin akabinde bir gençlik teşkilatının kurulmak istenmesi, kıta
Avrupa’sında uygulanan benzer örneklerinin ardından Alman Spor Bilimci
Carl Diem’in 1933 yılında Türkiye’ye çağrılmasından bağımsız değildir.
Carl Diem’in Türk spor yöneticileri ile görüşmesi sonucunda amaçlarının
savaş hazırlığı olduğunu anlaması üzerine hazırladığı raporda Almanya’daki
Jugend (Gençlik) örgütü benzeri bir örgüte yer vermiştir: Gazi Gençliği.

Beden terbiyesi ve spor alanında yaşanan bu hareketlilik, hem devlet
hem de spor adına tam bir dönüm noktası olan Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin
1935 yılındaki Kurultayına da yansımıştı. Parti, devletin pek çok
fonksiyonunu resmen üzerine aldığını ilan ederken, spor sosyal hayatın en
görünür kategorisi olarak bu gelişmeden en çok etkilenen alan olmuş ve
bunun sonucu olarak 1936 yılında “Türk Spor Kurumu” (TSK) kurulmuştur.
Böylece kısmen özerk spor kulüpleri temsilcilerinin yönettiği Türkiye İdman
Cemiyetleri İttifakı’nın (TİCİ) yerini doğrudan Cumhuriyet Halk Partisi’nin
denetiminde olan TSK almıştır.

TSK dönemine kadar üzerinde çok konuşulan ancak kurulamayan bu
teşkilat 1937 yılında tekrar gün yüzüne çıkacak; ancak bu kez adı “Atatürk
Gençleri Kurumu” olacaktı. Parti himayesindeki TSK dönemi içerisinde
oluşturulmak istenen Atatürk Gençleri Kurumu, yaklaşan savaşa karşı toplumun fikren ve bedenen hazırlıklı olması amacıyla kurulan gençlik
örgütlerinin bir benzeri olarak ortaya çıkmıştır. Henüz askerlik çağına
gelmemiş bireyleri ülkeye faydalı hâle getirecek bir düzeye eriştirmek
amacıyla kurulması planlanan bu teşkilatlanmanın hayata geçmediği, buna
atfedilmesi planlanan görev ve sorumlulukların da TSK’nın devamı olan
Beden Terbiyesi Genel Müdürlüğü’nün (BTGM) bünyesinde toplandığı
görülmektedir.

Bugüne kadar Türk Spor Tarihi açısından önem arz eden “Atatürk
Gençleri Kurumu” hakkında başlı başına bir çalışma yapılmamıştır. Bu
çalışmada, Atatürk Dönemi spor politikalarının bir sonucu olarak ortaya
çıkan ancak çeşitli sebeplerle uygulamaya geçemeyen Atatürk Gençleri
Kurumu’nun öncesi ve sonrası analiz edilmeye çalışılacaktır.
Amerikan Misyoner Kaynaklarında Türk Milli Mücadelesinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa İmgesi (1919-1923)
Authors: GÜHER Ebru
Published: October 2024

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti Devleti’nin kurucu lideri Mustafa Kemal Paşa
önderliğinde Türk Millî Mücadelesi, batılı emperyalist güçlere karşı verilen büyük
direnme karşısında elde edilen; cumhuriyet ile taçlanan örnek bir başarıdır. Bu
nedenle gerek Türk Millî Mücadelesi gerekse Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’ün hayatı,
faaliyetleri sadece Türk kamuoyunda değil farklı mecralarda da ilgiyle takip
edilmiştir.

19. yüzyılda gelişen emperyalizm neticesinde batının nüfuz mücadelesine sahne
olan Osmanlı topraklarına ABD ilgisiz kalmamıştır. ABD Emperyalizmin sıcak
yüzü olan misyonerler aracılığıyla bu topraklarda menfaat elde etme yoluna
gitmiştir. Misyonerler Osmanlı topraklarında azınlıkların ayrılıkçı fikirlerinin
oluşmasına hizmet ederek ülkenin siyasi bütünlüğünün bozulmasına neden olmuştur.
Osmanlı topraklarında etkili olan Protestan misyonerlerin kaynağı “American Board
of Commissioneries For Foreing Mission” (ABCFM) yani American Board
misyoner teşkilatıdır.

Osmanlı topraklarında Ermenilerin durumu, Yunan, İngiliz ve Fransız işgalleri,
Anadolu’daki Hristiyanların güvenlik endişeleri, Sevr Anlaşması ve Lozan Barış
anlaşması Amerikalı misyonerler tarafından mercek altına alınmıştır.

Çalışmada Millî Mücadele’nin başladığı 1919 yılından, Cumhuriyetin
kurulduğu 1923 yılına kadar Türk Millî Mücadelesini, Atatürk’ün rolü ve faaliyetleri
üzerinden nasıl değerlendirildiği, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk’e nasıl baktıkları yaklaşık
100 yıl önce hazırlanan Amerikan misyoner kaynaklarından analiz edilmiştir. Bu
doğrultuda Türk Millî Mücadelesinde Mustafa Kemal Paşa imgesi konusu;
American Board ve Amerikan Yakın Doğu Yardım Komitesi (Near East Relief)
yetkililerinin mektupları, raporları, fotoğrafları, kayıtları ve kaynakları kullanılıp
tarihi çerçeve içerisinde yorumlanıp ele alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda misyoner
kaynaklarında, misyonerlerin Anadolu’nun işgal edilmesiyle başlayan süreçte “tüm
Hristiyanları koruma” adı altında yardımların nasıl tek taraflı yapıldığı, Müslüman
Türk ahalinin nasıl görmezden gelindiği ortaya koyulmaya çalışılmıştır.
Cumhuriyetin 100. Yılında Hayalden Gerçeğe: Özel Müteşebbisler Ekseninde Türkiye’nin Uçak Üretme Serüveni
Authors: KORKMAZ Erdal
Published: October 2024

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin millî ve yerli uçak üretme konusundaki ilk özel
müteşebbisi Vecihi (Hürkuş) Bey olmuştur. Vecihi Bey, kişisel çaba ve girişimleri
sonucunda “Vecihi K-VI”, “Vecihi K-XIV”, “Vecihi K-XV” ve “Vecihi K-XVI” adlı
uçakları yapmak suretiyle ön plana çıkmıştır. Vecihi Bey’in uçak üretme girişimini,
Uçak Mühendisi Selahattin Reşit Alan’ın “MMV-1” adlı uçak projesi takip etmiştir.
Bu alandaki üçüncü müteşebbis Nuri Demirağ olmuştur. Nuri Bey tarafından
Türkiye’nin ilk özel uçak fabrikası kurulmuş, ardından da İstanbul Yeşilköy’de bir
havaalanı açılmıştır. Beşiktaş’taki fabrikada Nuri Bey’in girişimleri ile “Nu.D 36”
ve “Nu.D 38” adlı uçaklar ile çeşitli planör ve başlangıç eğitim uçakları yapılmıştır.
Nuri Demirağ’ın uçak fabrikası, uçaklarına müşteri olmaması ve 1944 yılında
Yeşilköy’deki tesislerinin havaalanı yapılmak üzere kamulaştırılması ile sona
ermiştir.

Türkiye’de havacılık alanındaki özel ve kurumsal teşebbüsler, Truman
Doktrini, Marshall Planı ve NATO kapsamında yapılan yardımlar sebebiyle varlığını
devam ettirememiştir. Bu sırada 1974 yılında Türkiye’nin Kıbrıs’a yönelik icra ettiği
barış harekâtı, ABD’nin ambargo uygulamasına zemin hazırlamıştır. İlgili durum
Türkiye’nin, kendi uçak ve sistemlerini üretmek için harekete geçmesine neden
olmuştur. Bu kapsamda TUSAŞ/TAİ, ASELSAN, HAVELSAN ve ROKETSAN
gibi devlet destekli teşekküller kurulmuştur. İlgili teşekküllerin yanında uçak vb.
sistemler üretmek maksadıyla; Vestel Savunma Sanayi, STM (Savunma
Teknolojileri, Mühendislik ve Ticaret A.Ş.) ve Baykar Makine adlı özel teşebbüsler
de faaliyete başlamıştır. Bu dönemde kamu teşebbüsleri tarafından uçak ve İHA’lar,
özel müteşebbisler tarafından da insansız muharip hava sistemleri inşa edilmiştir.
Böylece Türkiye, devlet ve özel teşebbüsler aracılığıyla uçak üretme hayalini
gerçeğe kavuşturmuştur. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’nin özel müteşebbisler ekseninde
100 yıllık uçak üretme hedefine arşiv belgeleri, süreli yayınlar ve tetkik eserler
çerçevesinde yer verilecektir.
1982 Referandumunda Yapılan Evet Kampanyası ve Toplumu Yönlendirme Çabaları
Authors: TAŞDELEN Esra , AYDOĞAN Erdal
Published: October 2024

1982 referandumu,12 Eylül Askeri Darbesi’nden sonra hazırlanan
anayasa taslağının halk tarafından onaylanıp, yürürlüğe girmesi için
yapılmıştır. 1982 Anayasası’nın tanıtımı sırasında “evet” ve “hayır” oyu için
yapılan kampanyalarla halka başvurularak demokratik bir süreç işletilmek
istenmiştir. Ancak, demokrasinin temel ilkelerinden biri olan fikir özgürlüğü
bu süreçte baskı altına alınarak “evet” oyunun kullanılması doğrultusunda
yönlendirmelerin ağırlıkta olduğu gözlemlenmiştir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı 1982 Referandumunda basın organlarının
kampanyaya nasıl dahil olduğu ve halkın “evet” oyu vermeye
yönlendirilmesi için nasıl bir rol oynadığını incelemektir. Çalışmanın
yöntemi, dönemin basın yayın organlarındaki haber, yorum, karikatür,
röportaj gibi materyallerin incelenmesini içermektedir. Referandum
kampanyasında, başlangıcından sonuna kadar olan süreçte, “evet” oyu için
yapılan propaganda ve baskı unsurlarının nasıl kullanıldığını göstermek
çalışmanın içeriğini oluşturmaktadır. Özellikle askeri rejim tarafından
referandum sürecinde kurulan baskı mekanizmaları, medya üzerindeki
etkileri ve toplumun referandum sürecinde nasıl yönlendirildiği bu kapsamda
ele alınacaktır.

Sonuç olarak, “1982 Referandumunda Yapılan Evet Kampanyası ve
Toplumu Yönlendirme Çabaları” adlı çalışmada ulusal basın ana kaynak
olarak kullanılmıştır. Bu araştırma ile 1982 Referandumu süresince Türkiye
basınında yer alan materyaller kullanılarak dönemin propaganda ve baskı
yöntemlerine odaklanılmış ve bu yöntemlerin halk üzerindeki etkisi analiz
edilmeye çalışılmıştır.
Internet Service Provision in Tanzania: An Examination of User Satisfaction, Package Pricing, and Service Challenges
Authors: Komba Mercy M. , Komba Gabriel V.
Published: October 2024

This study examines the dynamics connected to the provision of internet service in Tanzania. Specifically, the study seeks to systematically analyse user perceptions service quality across different ISPs and identify the factors influencing their preferences and choice of ISPs. Two theoretical models, the Service Quality Theory (SERVQUAL) and the Expectancy Disconfirmation Theory (EDT) were applied to guide the study. A qualitative single case study design was used, with more than 800 user-generated comments extracted from a celebrity’s Instagram post. Data were analysed using sentiment analysis, qualitative and quantitative techniques. Our results show that while users acknowledge improvements in reliability of network, still inconsistencies remain, particularly in specific zones of Dar es Salaam and rural areas. T-CONNECT is perceived as having the most reliable network compared to other ISPs. Speed consistency remains a critical issue for all ISPs, with T-CONNECT seen as the most stable, whereas SKT-TZ and TZ-NET struggle, especially during peak hours. SKY-TZ, TZ-NET and TZ-LINK face coverage challenges, especially in rural areas due to infrastructure constraints. Moreover, the study highlights a high demand for reliable service, a push for fiber-optic infrastructure, and a cautious but optimistic outlook on 5G. Generally, the findings reveal that customers’ perceptions of internet service quality are influenced by network quality, and customer service and technical support. Challenges such as connectivity and network issues, pricing transparency and service plans, and customer support significantly affect user satisfaction and ISPs competitiveness. The contribution of this paper stems from its use of advanced NLP methods to examine user sentiments toward Tanzania’s ISPs from Instagram data, to provide insights and comprehensive understanding to industry practitioners and policymakers in promoting a more sustainable future for the industry.
A MAGIA DA APRENDIZAGEM: ENCANTANDO ALUNOS COM HISTÓRIAS E CONTOS DE FADAS
Authors: Ribeiro Lucilene Batista , Monteiro Gabriela Clotilde dos Santos , Almeida Gleicianne Sampaio de , Uliana Renata da Silva Santos , Schneider Franciane Aparecida Duarte Martins , Silva Carina Duarte Martins da
Published: October 2024

Este estudo investiga o impacto da utilização de histórias e contos de fadas como ferramentas pedagógicas no ensino fundamental I, baseando-se em um estudo de caso múltiplo realizado em três escolas públicas de São Paulo. A pesquisa revela resultados significativos, demonstrando um aumento de 37% na participação ativa dos alunos e uma redução de 28% nos conflitos interpessoais. O desenvolvimento da criatividade e do pensamento crítico foi evidenciado por um aumento de 45% na complexidade das narrativas criadas pelos alunos e uma melhoria de 32% na capacidade de análise crítica de textos. A abordagem promoveu maior contextualização e interdisciplinaridade, com um aumento de 53% na integração de conteúdos de diferentes disciplinas. Observou-se também uma melhoria significativa nas habilidades de leitura e escrita, com aumentos de 41% na fluência de leitura, 38% na compreensão textual e 35% na qualidade das produções escritas. Desafios como a falta de formação específica e escassez de materiais adequados foram identificados. O estudo conclui que a utilização de narrativas como recurso pedagógico tem um potencial transformador, promovendo uma aprendizagem mais significativa, integral e humanizada. Recomenda-se a inclusão desta abordagem nos programas de formação docente, o desenvolvimento de materiais didáticos específicos e a implementação de políticas educacionais de apoio. As limitações do estudo apontam para a necessidade de pesquisas futuras mais abrangentes e longitudinais.
Strong inter-model differences and biases in CMIP6 simulations of PM2.5, aerosol optical depth, and precipitation over Africa
Authors: Toolan Catherine Anne , Amooli Joe Adabouk , Wilcox Laura J. , Samset Bjørn H. , Turner Andrew G. , Westervelt Daniel M.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Poor air quality and precipitation change are strong, rapidly changing, and possibly linked, drivers of physical hazards in sub-Saharan Africa. Future projections of sub-Saharan air quality and precipitation remain uncertain due to differences in model representations of aerosol, aerosol-precipitation interactions, and unclear future aerosol emission pathways. In this study, we evaluate the performance of CMIP6 models in simulating PM2.5, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and precipitation over Africa, relative to a range of observational and reanalysis products, including novel observational datasets, over the 1981–2023 period. While models accurately capture the seasonal cycle of PM2.5 concentrations over most regions, the concentration magnitudes show strong inter-model diversity. Dust AOD shows generally accurate seasonal spatial distribution, with multi-model mean (MMM) pattern correlation coefficients within 0.77–0.94, despite strong inter-model diversity in magnitude. Seasonal spatial patterns of non-dust AOD are poorly represented, with MMM pattern correlation coefficients of 0.25–0.58, and poorest performance during SON. Emission inventory inaccuracies may explain systematic biases for non-dust AOD fields, with differences in circulation and precipitation patterns, and aerosol treatment causing inter-model diversity. Both monsoon regions are generally well captured, though there is poorer performance in simulating the east African monsoon. Biases found relate to the intertropical convergence zone, more apparent over east Africa, and rainfall magnitude, more apparent over west Africa. This evaluation highlights strong inter-model diversity in the representation of African air quality and climate, and identifies model performance over sub-Saharan Africa, and the reasons behind the biases, as critical gaps to address for improving confidence in climate projections.
Fighting for Justice for Women who Kill Abusive Partners
Authors: Wistrich Harriet , Patel Pragna
Published: October 2024

This article examines the collaborative process involved in campaigning for and representing women appealing murder convictions, highlighting the power of positive collaboration between lawyers, campaigners, frontline experts and the women themselves. Pragna Patel and Harriet Wistrich, who first met while protesting in the early 1990s outside the Royal Courts of Justice in London, have been pivotal figures in this movement. Patel has dedicated four decades to Southall Black Sisters, an organisation advocating for black and minority women. Wistrich co-founded Justice for Women and later specialised in representing women victim-survivors of male violence, challenging discrimination in the criminal justice system.
Their collaboration has led to significant precedent-setting murder appeals and reforms in domestic homicide law. This article reflects on their enduring involvement spanning three decades, detailing their efforts in individual cases and legislative reforms. Their approach focuses on obtaining detailed personal accounts from women and building legal strategies around them, aiming to challenge convictions through a feminist lens. Recently, their collaborative efforts prompted the United Kingdom government to commission the Law Commission to review defences in cases of homicide. This underscores their enduring impact in fighting for justice for women who kill their abusive partners and effecting legal change.
Ahmet Baytursınov ve Mehmet Akif Ersoy’un Şiirlerindeki Vatan Sevgisi Motifi
Authors: Ünal Yener
Published: October 2024

Ahmet Baytursınov and Mehmet Akif Ersoy are two prominent poets who experienced the challenges of the same era and produced works guided by similar ideals. The common themes in their works include a deep love for the homeland, a quest for freedom, and efforts to enlighten the people. Both poets steadfastly fought against the social issues of ignorance, poverty, religious exploitation, and oppressive regimes, reflecting these struggles in their poems and writings with the goal of awakening their societies. Mehmet Akif’s works, such as "Süleymaniye Kürsüsünde" and "Fatih Kürsüsünde", vividly depict the religious and social problems of the time, while Baytursınov’s works, such as “Masa” and “Kırk Mısal”, hold a significant place in Kazakh literature and convey messages aimed at deepening the awareness of independence. Each poet used literature and the press not just as a tool for individual expression but as a means to educate the people and mobilize society. They championed not only their own nations but also universal values, and their works continue to carry timeless messages today. This study examines the themes of patriotism, freedom, and enlightenment in Baytursınov and Akif’s works, highlighting how these poets not only identified social deficiencies but also proposed solutions. Both poets made great contributions to their peoples and left profound marks in the fields of literature and thought. The recognition of these two significant figures by a wider audience and the deeper exploration of their works are of utmost importance. Their cultural, literary, and intellectual legacy is not limited to their era but holds the potential to illuminate future generations. This study aims to disseminate Baytursınov and Akif’s ideas and works to broader audiences and to provide a foundation for further academic research in this field. Future comprehensive studies will strengthen the shared cultural ties within the Turkic world and ensure that these two distinguished figures receive the recognition they deserve. Keywords: Ahmet Baytursınov, Mehmet Akif Ersoy, Kırk Mısal, Masa (Mosquito) Poems, Safahat, Patriotism, Freedom, Motif.
Princípios dos direitos humanos na educação inclusiva de alunos com transtorno do espectro autista no Brasil
Authors: Melo Claudete de Oliveira , Oliveira Rita de Cassia da Silva
Published: October 2024

Este estudo analisa os princípios dos direitos humanos na promoção da educação inclusiva de alunos com Transtorno do Espectro Autista (TEA). Utilizou-se uma abordagem qualitativa, com levantamento bibliográfico dos estudos existentes sobre o tema, bem como definições pertinentes à Educação Especial e ao delineamento do público-alvo da Educação Especial. A pesquisa investigou a construção da legislação relacionada à educação de pessoas com deficiência, destacando a evolução da inclusão na educação brasileira e a influência significativa dos movimentos sociais na melhoria educacional desses indivíduos. O foco está centrado no aluno com TEA, abordando sua definição e particularidades, bem como os avanços e desafios na inclusão desses sujeitos na educação regular de ensino, em classes comuns. Entre os desafios identificados, destacam-se a falta de conhecimento sobre o autismo, a necessidade de adaptações curriculares, metodologias ativas, estratégias de desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e a formação docente inadequada para atender às necessidades específicas desses alunos. Além disso, foram discutidas questões relacionadas ao apoio e à parceria da comunidade escolar, juntamente com as famílias e demais membros da comunidade, ressaltando sua importância para a efetiva inclusão desses sujeitos no meio social. Especificamente, a discussão apresenta resultados como a necessidade de programas de formação continuada para educadores e a criação de políticas públicas que facilitem a implementação de práticas inclusivas. Também são abordados exemplos de adaptações curriculares e metodologias eficazes para o ensino de alunos com TEA, demonstrando a viabilidade e os benefícios dessas práticas para a promoção de uma educação inclusiva e de qualidade.