bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adapting the enterprise data lake architecture for marketing analytics
Authors: Kamena Roger
Published: July 2024

Data lakes have evolved over the last decade from highly complex IT infrastructures on-premise to simpler serverless cloud environments. This change makes data lakes much less difficult to maintain and operate, which provides an opportunity to democratise them beyond operational business intelligence teams to a wider audience, namely marketing analytics practitioners. At the same time, the availability of marketing data has also evolved over the last decade. Marketing technology platforms have proliferated the variety, velocity and volume of data for marketers to process. This paper considers how a data lake architecture could be adapted for marketers to help them go further with their data.
The cash society
Authors: Greene Claire
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the use of cash by US consumers. Using data about how consumers get, hold and use cash, it finds that reports of the demise of cash are, indeed, premature.
Using behavioural science to reduce opportunistic insurance fraud
Authors: Mitchell Tim , Cheung Benny
Published: July 2024

Undetected, opportunistic fraud in the form of dishonest or exaggerated information in applications, renewal or claims processes is estimated to cost the UK insurance industry up to £1bn per year. This paper reports on research commissioned by the Insurance Fraud Bureau, in which two online randomised controlled trial experiments were run to test ways of tackling this problem. Both of the experiments involved the application of behavioural science to create short consumer-facing messages, one in an above-the-line advertising context, and the other in an online insurance claims or application context. Results showed the majority of messages to work better than controls for both experiments, improving perceptions and changing behaviour. The results have enormous implications for the insurance industry, and learnings for marketing and insights professionals more broadly. For the former, correct application of these experiments’ findings could improve industry perceptions, and significantly improve revenues by avoiding falsified applications and inflated claims. Expertise is needed to ensure the findings are applied in the right way across an insurer’s potentially multi-channel application and claims processes. For the latter, the study demonstrates the importance of context in the use of behavioural science and the need for the appropriate testing of customer communications.
Will personal data in the hands of individuals revolutionise analytics?
Authors: Strong Colin
Published: July 2024

Increases in the size and scope of personal data now available to individuals, alongside the enhanced technology processing power to analyse that data, could facilitate a revolution in personal analytics. These changes have the potential to encourage individuals to make more effective choices in their purchasing decisions and lifestyle behaviours which could fundamentally alter the role of both brands and governments. The psychology of data usage, however, needs to be better understood before this can be a reality, as inertia, constraints on making sense of data and information overload are all powerful inhibitors to effective consumer decision making. Potential solutions include a better understanding of the way in which an understanding of behavioural science can be deployed to support effective decision making. Technology solutions can also be used not only in the delegation of decision making but also in its execution, although the psychological barriers to adoption still need to be considered. Overall, the paper concludes that ‘empowering’ individuals through personal analytics has to involve a better understanding and application of behavioural science if it is to succeed.
The emerging influence of legal entity identifiers in payments
Authors: Knorr Michael
Published: July 2024

Over the years, banks have invested in capabilities to utilise unique codes assigned to participants in interbank payment activity in order to identify each other. This has created high automation rates and enabled interbank payments to be processed efficiently. A similar benefit can be created when utilising legal entity identifiers (LEIs) across all participants in the payment chain. Regulatory authorities as well as the banks’ internal risk departments are concerned with the proper and unambiguous identification of participants in the payment process. This paper discusses the impact, benefits and cost of the LEI in payment instructions.
Lessons learned in crisis management
Authors: Olson Chris
Published: July 2024

This paper will explore lessons learned following a series of natural and man-made disasters affecting the Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company and/or its subsidiaries. The company employs a team of certified continuity professionals who are charged with overseeing resilience on behalf of the enterprise and leading recovery activities wherever and whenever necessary.
Process leadership and managing process performance: Two elements that make the difference in process management
Authors: Deenitchin Iassen , Dmitriev Dmitriy , Hebenstreit Gert
Published: July 2024

A business process management system (BPMS) is a framework designed for process management with end-to-end process leadership to drive process performance and ensure customer and business needs are met. Two out of the six elements of this concept — establish process leadership and manage process performance — will constitute the core of this paper. In practice, these two elements are often neglected and are interpreted inconsistantly. But they are major contributors, enhancing communication and understanding among all stakeholders in an end-to-end processing, and thus driving continuous process improvement.
Bank profitability: Liquidity, capital and asset quality
Authors: Bace Edward
Published: July 2024

The liquid assets to deposit ratio (LADR) is often cited as a key structural metric for deposit-taking institutions (DTIs). This ratio indicates the extent to which banks have liquidity on hand, funded by relatively stable and predictable (mainly retail) deposits, rather than by potentially more volatile wholesale debt funding. Of course, a bank’s balance sheet may also include deposits from large non-bank companies, which often behave like wholesale funding, but these tend to account, on average, for a lesser proportion of total deposits for a typical DTI. An LADR of at least 5 to 10 per cent, for an average DTI, is usually seen as a prudent level, as reinforced by the Basel III liquidity buffer stipulations.1 A low percentage could suggest bank vulnerability to liquidity risk, especially if there is relative reliance on short-term wholesale debt funding, and less on retail deposits, regarded as stable, despite being short-term. In a primarily wholesale debt funding strategy, what the bank might gain in terms of better matching asset with liability maturities could be outweighed by rollover funding risks. Moreover, while retail liabilities tend to have a short contractual maturity, they also usually have a much longer behavioural maturity, so can provide effective funding for longer-term loans as well. Yet banks may also face an opportunity cost associated with holding liquidity. Retail deposits tend to be relatively cheap, in terms of absolute interest rate, compared to long-term wholesale debt, but investment in liquid assets accordingly offers relatively low returns. A higher percentage of LADR theoretically should translate into lower net interest margin (NIM), the primary driver of most banks’ profitability, and hence a lower return on average assets (ROAA) compared to a bank maintaining low liquidity. A negative relationship on average might be expected between LADR and ROAA. This brief study examines this dynamic, using data over the most recent available year (2014–2015) over a large sample (around 13,000) of the world’s largest deposit-taking banks. Linear regression is performed of ROAA, not only against LADR, but also including other internal bank measures: non-performing loans (NPLs) to total gross loans and equity to assets (EQUITY). The most powerful relation with ROAA is seen to be NPLs, negatively correlated with profitability. Equity to assets shows a positive relation with profitability, while the reverse may have been expected due to the general ability of leverage to boost returns. LADR shows a slightly negative relation with profitability, as hypothesised. This could suggest that banks may be doing well by maintaining adequate liquidity and capital, in line with regulatory requirements, and in contrast to what bankers often claim. This could have implications for bank managements in considering liquidity and capital strategies, in the context of profitability.
Awareness of green leases in real estate
Authors: Acton Jacob Moses , Fox Matthew , Carfrae Jim , Goodhew Steve
Published: July 2024

This research paper assesses the level of awareness of green leases in England and establishes the range of current attitudes of various property professions towards adoption of the green clauses in commercial leases. The current willingness for landlords and tenants to adopt a green lease is scattered and not aligned with government initiatives to achieve net zero. Best practice recommendations are needed to ensure both landlords and tenants understand what arrangements best fit their circumstances. For the impact of green clauses to be maximised and, where appropriate, implemented, they need to be communicated in terms to which both parties are happy to commit.
Predicting maintenance costs of an IT system using artificial intelligence models
Authors: Bosch Nathan , Okafor Emmanuel , Vriens Marco , Schomaker Lambert
Published: July 2024

Predictive maintenance is a maintenance policy where the goal is to detect potential future maintenance risks in a system so that the maintenance process can be optimised before system faults occur. This paper describes a deep learning model that does not require domain expertise. Deep learning approaches have several benefits over explicit statistical modelling: (1) they require far less domain-specific knowledge; (2) if the underlying data-generating mechanism of assets changes, a deep learning model would only need to be retrained to learn these new changes; (3) they can capture non-linear and complex multidimensional relationships; and (4) they may outperform rule-based or statistical methods. The paper describes how the model predicts maintenance-relevant events, along with the cost of the upcoming event and the time when it will happen. The paper describes the use of a long short-term memory architecture for our deep learning model. By doing so, the cost values represent a real, quantitative value of the potential maintenance costs in the future of an asset. Event, cost and time prediction are all achieved with high accuracy. This allows for the development of maintenance solutions without the initial high degree of domain process knowledge required. The artificial intelligence model can be used to raise an alarm when the cost values exceed some threshold, when the frequency of high-cost events increases significantly over the lifetime of an asset, or when the expected cost exceeds the cost of maintenance.
Data protection and privacy in Canada: A balanced approach
Authors: Lackey Derek A.
Published: July 2024

This paper serves as an introduction on the upcoming Bill C-11 in Canada and discusses what marketers in Canada and those who want to do business there need to know about this bill.
Implementing ArchivesSpace at Arizona State University
Authors: Dunham Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Arizona State University Libraries became charter members of ArchivesSpace, an ‘open source archives information management application for managing and providing web access to archives, manuscripts and digital objects’, in early 2013. This case study discusses the Libraries’ migration of its Archives and Special Collections (ASC) from Microsoft Access, Archivists’ Toolkit and FileMaker Pro to ArchivesSpace, between late 2013 and late 2015. It briefly summarises ArchivesSpace’s development and capabilities, describes ASC’s data management systems at the time of the migration, discusses local factors affecting migration and implementation, details ASC’s transition to ArchivesSpace, analyses the positive and negative results of migration, compares ASC’s experience to that of other organisations utilising the software, and reflects on the ‘lessons learned’ during the migration process.
Competencies-driven development: Focusing on key skills for communicators in a quickly converging consumer environment
Authors: Haas Tracie
Published: July 2024

Professional development for communicators needs to be revisited through the lens of the digital world in which we operate. Every day, new ways of engaging with consumers are added to the marketing mix, and the worlds of marketing and communications are quickly converging. What matters to the business is the impact brands make irrespective of the internal functions driving execution. An individual’s ability to keep the pulse on the external world, have the courage to focus on the right things and ultimately generate measurable impact defines their success in this world and illustrates the communicator of the future. To guide the development of these communicators, AbbVie’s Corporate Responsibility, Brand & Communications (CRBC) competency framework includes specific skills rooted in a simple three-pronged model: know the context, prioritise and align and drive impact. Ultimately, the up-levelling of talent is bolstered by the need to redefine communications, accommodate increasingly interconnected functions and achieve success in advancing brand objectives and protecting business reputation.
A framework for quantifying cyber security risks
Authors: Wolthuis Reinder , Phillipson Frank , Jongsma Hidde-Jan , Langenkamp Peter
Published: July 2024

Recent years have seen an increasing amount of information becoming available which is of benefit to the security risk process. Traditionally, security risk management is an asset-based, qualitative process based on expert opinion and information at hand; periodically a group of experts assesses applicable risks and determines correct risk levels and whether new risks should be added to the list. This paper proposes a threat-based, traceable quantitative risk management approach that uses current information to quantify risks. This leads to a near real-time risk process, where available information is processed, and the risks are automatically updated. The approach was tested in practice at the main banks in the Netherlands.
Consequence is not enough: The role of cyber intelligence in improving cyberattack estimates
Authors: Freeman Sarah , Bristow Mark
Published: July 2024

Intelligence assessments continue to emphasise adversary ability and desire to hold critical infrastructure at risk. At the same time, the field of cyber threat intelligence is predominately focused on a review of past cyberattacks to yield insights into future risk. Few researchers focus on methods to improve assessments of adversary capability and intent or address the need for more proactive, predictive analysis. This paper identifies some of the existing weaknesses in cyber threat intelligence analysis and provides some recommendations for how organisations can more comprehensively consider their cyber risk.
Using self-assessments to enhance business continuity programmes
Authors: Trousdale Lisa
Published: July 2024

Self-assessments have limitations and are no substitute for independent audits of a business continuity programme. Nevertheless, they can be an economical way to identify gaps, enhance the programme and create awareness. Self- assessments can also help prepare the programme and team members for an independent audit. In a resource-constrained environment, self-assessments can provide an opportunity to obtain measurable outputs about current state that can be tracked over time to capture improvement and maturity or identify deficiencies. Self-assessments can have a valuable place in any business continuity programme.
An overview of steps and tools for the corporate real estate strategy alignment process
Authors: Appel-Meulenbroek Rianne , Haynes Barry
Published: July 2024

Strategic thinking is a continuous process, alternating between thinking, planning and evaluating. Corporate real estate management (CREM) practitioners need to align their strategy and activities with corporate strategy during the entire process that the organisation goes through. Along the way, many different issues need to be considered, and the right tools used to make the right decisions. This paper aims to provide an overview of the strategic thinking process, and to identify important steps to take, and possible tools to use when taking them. First, strategic thinking is discussed and where CREM should start alignment. Then, CREM literature on the activities of CRE managers and possible tools is assigned to the different steps of the alignment process. Finally, an overview is created for CREM in practice to improve strategic thinking and alignment. CREM research has identified and created many tools for CREM practitioners to use to work towards alignment. However, an overview of how to proceed with alignment during the entire strategic thinking process was lacking. This paper contains a first attempt at such an overview. This overview of steps and tools to reach alignment could be used by CREM practitioners to discuss alignment with general management. Hopefully, this will help with receiving more strategic attention and the promotion of CREM departments as strategists in CREM's evolution. Studies on alignment of CREM with corporate strategy tend to focus on one phase of the alignment (either initial alignment or performance management). This paper extends the alignment strategy from initial alignment towards implementation and evaluation, covering the whole process while also providing an overview of existing tools and methods to use.
How technology will make or break banks integrating mission-critical processes as a result of a merger
Authors: Bagnulo Ryan
Published: July 2024

This paper provides an in-depth look at the road ahead for the financial services technology challenges that are the result of both mergers and cross-business-line efficiency initiatives. It will look back at the information technology (IT) trends in banking over the past two years in order to build the context required to understand how reduced IT budgets will be spent in 2009. While the paper is primarily focused on the consolidation and optimisation of IT resources to integrate and transform business processes, these initiatives are also applicable to enterprises that are not merging with another bank, but instead are building tighter integration across their own internal business lines and/or with their partners and clients.
Ground water assessment and the design of basement waterproofing
Authors: Wilson Steve , Hughes Alwyn
Published: July 2024

This paper discusses the importance of groundwater risk assessment in basement waterproofing design. It discusses why it is required to allow the design of a cost-effective waterproofing system and also to determine whether the simple design approach in BS8485 can be used to assess risk from ground gases. It is also an important part of assessing the risk of vapour intrusion into basements from hydrocarbon contamination. External drainage for basements can be designed to be an effective and durable solution that lowers the hydrostatic pressure on the waterproofing system. It does require discharge to an outfall, however, and discharge to sewers is not appropriate, because water companies will not allow groundwater to be drained into public sewers. The rate of groundwater flow may also exceed the allowable discharge rates that are used in sustainable drainage (SuDS) design. This limits where external drainage can be provided to locations where a soakaway or a watercourse is available for discharge. The same constraints should also apply to cavity drain discharges. Where a basement is located in hydrocarbon contaminated groundwater or ground gas is present (such as methane or carbon dioxide) it is important to complete an appropriate risk assessment that considers whether flow into the basement will be via gas/vapour phase migration above the groundwater or dissolved phase below it. The simple screening and points system in BS8485 is not suitable where basements are below the groundwater table. The durability of materials (membranes, cavity drains, etc.) in contact with contaminants also needs consideration. Where contamination such as dissolved methane is present, cavity drains will require intrinsically safe pumps. Groundwater and contamination intrusion assessments are best completed by qualified ground engineering professionals and SoBRA accredited risk assessors for permanent gas and/or vapour intrusion respectively.
Profiling in the Public Sector under the General Data Protection Regulation
Authors: Kamby Jakob
Published: July 2024

Both public authorities and private corporations gather and store vast amounts of data from individuals. As the needs of citizens may span the purview of several authorities and sectors concurrently, the ability to draw data from a multitude of sources and create profiles of individuals may improve both service levels and accuracy of decision making of public authorities. This paper investigates the new rules in the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) balancing the many upsides of profiling and the inherent need for safeguarding the rights of the subjected individuals.
Think globally, settle locally? Multilateral platforms for cross-border payments based on distributed ledger technology
Authors: Ballaschk David , Drott Constantin , Mitzlaff Stefan
Published: July 2024

Cross-border payments, especially between different currency areas, are still more expensive, slower and less transparent than domestic transactions. In addition to attempts to facilitate interoperability by harmonising message standards or legal frameworks, there is also the vision of using multilateral platforms to reduce existing inefficiencies. A particular focus here is on distributed ledger technology (DLT), which could create additional benefits beyond payment transactions, for example by facilitating broader economic activity by means of tokenised assets. Some private sector players, as well as international organisations such as the International Monetary Fund and the Bank for International Settlements, have already developed concepts for DLT-based multilateral platforms. However, their realisation faces broader policy challenges that are unlikely to be solved per se with the help of new technologies. Although a global multilateral platform does indeed harbour great potential for efficiency gains, regional solutions are more likely to emerge that could be linked together to achieve efficiency gains at a global level.
The challenge of authenticity: Blockchain in the supply chain
Authors: Kramer Sam
Published: July 2024

Today’s complex and dispersed supply chains create significant challenges for supply chain managers. ‘Organic’, ‘non-GMO’, ‘fair trade’ and ‘conflict free’ are just some of the claims that require a transparency in the supply chain to maintain and verify. Product origin and authenticity are similarly at risk from a lack of transparency in supply chain data. Traditionally, supply chain managers use cumbersome and unreliable auditing to validate supply chain data to substantiate product information and provenance. But errors and fraud in supply chain information remain and threaten the brand reputation of affected products. Supply chain data is no stranger to technological enhancement. Enterprise resource planning systems have expanded the volume of real-time actionable data available. The reliability of that data is, however, still in question from its susceptibility to errors and falsification. Distributed ledger technology, best known as blockchain, offers the promise of greater transparency and reliability of supply chain data. Ultimately, that reduces the risks associated with product claims and provenance based on supply chain data. This paper examines the operation of blockchains and their resistance to falsification by looking at the mechanics of the bitcoin blockchain. The paper explores private blockchain alternatives to the bitcoin blockchain that can facilitate distributed data in a closed supply chain. The paper then describes several supply chain challenges where blockchain technology is being used to improve the reliability and integrity of the underlying supply chain data. Finally, the paper looks to the blockchain regulations that may have an impact on the adoption of blockchain in the supply chain. At the end of the day, substantiating supply chain product claims, minimising counterfeiting and enabling product recall all rely on the traceability and integrity of supply chain information, for which blockchain solutions are well suited.
BCBS IRRBB pillar 2: The new standard for the banking industry
Authors: Zijderveld Roberto Virreira
Published: July 2024

This paper analyses the updated Basel Standards for the Management of interest rate risk in the banking book (IRRBB) focusing on three technical issues: capital, metrics and assumptions. It presents the current thinking on these topics and their linkages with two new principles incorporated by Basel Committee on Banking Supervision (BCBS) in the new document: governance of assumptions and external disclosures.
New approaches to model risk governance
Authors: Gregory Brian
Published: July 2024

Financial models are woven into the fabric of the financial services industry. Whether they are being used to evaluate the best use of capital or measure current risks, modelling informs a broad range of decisions in this sector. Failure to manage the models can result in significant losses. This paper looks at what the risks are and what the key elements required to manage the risk are. What the regulators have stated as the requirements, together with strategies to meet them, are reviewed. Also, the need for a centralised and standardised approach to model risk governance and the crucial role that the operational risk team should play is proposed.
Why are regional airports now a two-speed market and how can regional airports make the most of opportunities open to them?
Authors: Guitard Jean-François
Published: July 2024

This paper explores why regional airports are now a two-speed market and how regional airports can make the most of the opportunities open to them. Airports are often classified into different categories, depending on their amount of traffic. Regarding the so called ‘regional airports’, it is possible to categorise them into three categories based on the traffic they are handling. This paper underlines the key differences between regional airports in terms of catchment area, network, traffic right issues, non-aeronautic revenue opportunities, intermodality, profitability and quality of service. The paper goes on to show the different challenges that regional airports have to deal with, in particular in terms of aeronautic revenues and non-aeronautical revenues. To summarise, regional airports are moving from a single business-to-business relationship to a dual business-to-business and business-to-customer relationship. Finally, the paper shows the importance of traffic rights issues for regional airports and how the situation could be improved for the benefit of both customers and the local economy by providing some practical proposals.
How businesses of any size can use AI in a digital marketing strategy
Authors: Broadhurst Martin
Published: July 2024

In recent years it has been said that data is the new oil and marketing departments have never had much data to work with. At the same time, big tech companies are investing huge sums into artificial intelligence and machine learning (AI/ML) while making access to these tools easily available through cloud-computing services. This convergence of data abundance and easy access to AI/ML technology has created a huge opportunity for marketers to become more efficient and more effective through the use of AI. However, marketers are still struggling to take advantage of the opportunities presented by marketing AI technology due to a lack of knowledge within the profession. Organisations are educating marketing professionals through frameworks such as the 5Ps of Marketing AI to help identify use cases. The AI/ML marketing deployment matrix helps marketing professionals self-assess their organisation to better identify ways to utilise AI for their situation.
Money markets, monetary policy and payment systems: Policy issues for central banks in times of turbulence
Authors: Bernal Joaquin
Published: July 2024

The purpose of this paper is to provide a simple analytical framework for approaching the basic interrelations between payment systems, money markets and monetary policy and to put in context some of the complex policy issues that central banks face in times of distress in tackling the tensions between their goals of promoting the smooth functioning of the payment system and the inter-bank money market, and their monetary policy constraints. The paper focuses on realtime gross settlement (RTGS) systems, where these tensions are more evident because the reduction in credit risk is traded off against increased liquidity requirements so that the payment system becomes more reliant on the virtuous circle of coordinated actions by participating settlement agents. A variety of monetary and payment system operational alternatives have been adopted by central banks to smooth the functioning of the RTGS system in the face of high volumes of payments that are several times higher than overnight settlement balances. Finally, the paper discusses how central banks have responded to the new challenges raised by the recent market turmoil, concluding that payment systems have performed well thanks to the progress made in this field in the last ten years, but that liquidity disturbances in the money markets have moved central banks to adopt more active policies to provide extra liquidity, at lower cost and longer duration. Moral hazard has increased, and some central banks risk facing an 'exit problem', but the debate on how better to balance monetary policy objectives and payments policy needs is still open.
Wellcome Collection’s curious journey
Authors: Collins Rachel
Published: July 2024

In August 2013, Wellcome Collection embarked on a £17.5m redevelopment that saw the majority of its spaces experience major disruption over an 18-month period. Taking the unusual decision to remain open to the public during the renovation, the communications, curatorial and visitor experience teams needed to devise innovative ways to engage with visitors, new and old, against a backdrop of disruption and uncertainty. They chose to stay open because it would be all too easy to lose loyal repeat visitors by going dark for a while, and the library could not close because Wellcome-funded researchers depended on it. The nature of the building project allowed for work being completed sequentially, in theory bringing essential spaces back into commission quickly. So cost and project management issues were taken into account — especially as the noisiest works had to be completed at night — and the decision to stay open was taken at project board level. Once this decision was made, Wellcome sought to use the disruption in as creative ways as possible, programming exhibitions and events that were different from ‘usual fare’ – more nimble and led by artist installations. Wellcome Collection chose to break the rules and turn adversity into opportunity, and rather than communicate with audiences from a safe distance, invited them into the building and into back-of-house spaces previously unseen. The public programme was reduced to modest exhibitions in a space on the fifth floor, which was accessible by a few functioning lifts; the events programme was very limited, and available space around the building was ever morphing. The museum employed none of the usual ‘development’ communication strategies, instead deciding to put participation at the heart of a highly innovative, collaborative and modern approach to audience engagement. Wellcome Collection extended an open invitation to audiences to ‘Be part of our Curious Journey’ and deliberately blurred the boundaries between the traditional roles and remit of communications, content and curation.
Nine steps to improved critical event management
Authors: Mouline Imad
Published: July 2024

Many organisations are being asked to respond more quickly and more decisively to critical events, but with fewer resources. However, without an end-to-end process for dealing with critical events, it is nearly impossible to satisfy this mandate. Where organisations are relying on manual processes and disjointed systems, they cannot manage these events efficiently and effectively. In addition, security, operations and risk professionals lack the time to react or even avoid the negative consequences of these events. This paper explains why the traditional approach to managing critical events is outdated and offers a holistic approach to critical event management that enables a more unified, efficient, distributed, automated and collaborative process.
Exploring political consumerism and the emerging role of political brand personality
Authors: Mercurio Kathryn R. , Damon Aiken K.
Published: July 2024

This paper explores how an established practice of political consumerism (ie consumers punishing or rewarding on the basis of politics) influences a new notion of political brand personality (PBP: the perceived political attributes of a brand). Study 1 identifies and delineates PBP traits. Study 2 assesses and applies foundational PBP traits to prominent US firms. Study 3 empirically investigates how PBP influences consumer decision-making across unidentifiable experimental firms. Results show that people do ascribe distinct political traits to brands and that consumer behaviour is significantly affected by PBP. Consumers seek self-congruency in which their political values are in line with the PBP traits projected by the products they purchase. These findings give rise to myriad theoretical and managerial implications.
Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for coffee consumption: Comparing Hispanic and Asian coffee drinkers in the USA
Authors: Tang Xiang , Bayona Maria , Chapa Sindy , Sawicki Sean
Published: July 2024

This study explores the differences in hedonic and utilitarian motivators that affect coffee consumption between Hispanic and Asian Americans in the USA. A national online survey was conducted to test the hypotheses, and a total sample of 1,335 was used. Overall, significant differences were found between Hispanics and Asians in terms of utilitarian or hedonic motives for coffee consumption. Specifically, the results suggest that Hispanics are highly motivated by their hedonic experiences in relation to coffee consumption, and that coffee consumption is not only a necessity but also an important tradition that brings pleasure to Hispanic consumers.
How machine learning can help solve the Big Data problem of video asset management
Authors: Edell Aaron
Published: July 2024

This paper highlights similarities between problems in video asset management and Big Data management, and outlines how machine learning can assist in solving them. Machine learning has reached fever pitch in the industry as both the excitement around the technology, and the usefulness in addressing return on investment problems converge. As models are used to analyse video content for faces, emotions, objects, text, landmarks and more, digital asset management (DAM) systems must account for the influx of a tremendous amount of new metadata, often with varied structures and schemas. The value of this highly contextual metadata for every video asset an organisation owns is clear, but it is critical that any DAM system incorporating such new metadata does so in a way similar to how enterprises manage Big Data. This paper advises DAM owners and developers to consider using schema-less data stores to incorporate the data output from machine-learning models, and rethinking certain expectations regarding data management in order to get in front of a growing problem.
China’s Digital Currency Electronic Payment: A ‘negotiated currency’ perspective
Authors: Wang Lisha
Published: July 2024

Around the world, interest in central bank digital currency (CBDC) is on the rise, and China’s digital currency electronic payment (DCEP) network is currently leading the way. This paper argues that despite its primarily domestic focus, DCEP has potential implications for the setting of standards for cross-border transactions in CBDC. Furthermore, the interoperability of Chinese private payment systems combined with the appeal of DCEP among countries looking to circumvent US sanctions could induce more countries to adopt it, thus improving the renminbi’s ‘negotiated’ status in the long run.
Emphasising sustainability and exceeding goals
Authors: Lissner Heather
Published: July 2024

With a focus on sustainability, Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport has several key initiatives in place to achieve waste diversion goals and reduce costs. These programmes include a dedicated recycling programme, an innovative construction waste management programme and a runway friction rubber removal recycling plan. Additionally, the new PHX Sky Train® has achieved Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification from the US Green Building Council and has employed several methods which make it an example of environmental sustainability including reductions in emissions and energy. Overall, Phoenix Sky Harbor's system diligently works to implement programmes in which both travellers and tenants can participate, as well as providing environmental benefits.
Rights to light: An issue in transition
Authors: Mason Justin , Meade Stephen
Published: July 2024

This paper examines the concept of ‘right to light’ and details the legal status of such rights. Through an examination of the relevant case law, it looks at how rights to light can be enforced, and the Courts’ approach to dealing with disputes arising from their infringement. Finally, it looks at the proposed legal reforms to the issue put forward by the Law Commission in December 2015, and considers if they go far enough to give certainty to both developers and individuals who may benefit from rights to light.
Evidence and engagement at Bristol Airport: A case study in planning major long-term growth
Authors: Herbert Mark
Published: July 2024

Critical to any successful business model is the ability to look ahead to the long-term horizon and anticipate the changes that may be required. Bristol Airport, the ninth largest airport in the United Kingdom and with a strong market position across the southwest of Britain, provides a useful case study into how future passenger forecasts act as the catalyst for a deliverable strategy for expansion. The challenge in Bristol is enormous; to meet anticipated customer demand, the airport would need to continue on its steady growth path, from around 8 million passengers a year in 2017 to perhaps 20 million by the mid-2040s. To compound the task, the airport is currently operating within a cap of 10 million per annum, enforceable through the regulatory land-use planning system, and is located in a rural area with acute issues of surface access and other land-use planning constraints. The aspiration to double existing capacity, albeit over a 25-year period, clearly requires an ambitious strategy that sets a clear direction: first in defining the required infrastructure and associated development and then in providing for its long-term implementation, from consent to construction. From a standing start in late 2016, the approach to be adopted by the business needed to be viable, flexible and resilient. Moreover, the nature and scale of the task requires partnership with key stakeholders — without whom it would not be possible to resolve all the planning and connectivity challenges — and a clear, transparent and methodological approach to engaging with local communities and business partners. During the first stage of the Bristol Airport’s growth strategy, the development of its Master Plan 2050, the focus has been on these core activities, with a particular emphasis on evidence and engagement.
How content intelligence and machine learning are transforming media workflows
Authors: Yogeshwar Jay , Quartararo Ron
Published: July 2024

The media and entertainment industry is undergoing a disruptive transformation in technology, business and monetisation models. This digital transformation is evident in many categories, including cloud-based workflows, internet protocol (IP)–based broadcasting, all IP media production, automated workflows that leverage metadata, content intelligence that exploits the power of analytics, indexing and search to streamline content distribution and consumption, etc. While many of these technologies were seen as being disruptive, the trend is only accelerating with the mainstream usage of machine learning and content intelligence giving rise to exciting new ways of conducting the media business. This paper examines the disruptive technologies of content intelligence and machine learning with selective use cases that are causing the most impact. Software and systems designs need to be reviewed in light of these developments. There is an urgent need to bridge the gap between the analytic world and the machine-learning world through proper orchestration rather than a mere handoff. The collection, analysis and processing of all varieties of data need to be streamlined in order to go from edge to outcome and derive useful insights. This paper will discuss the concepts of content intelligence as applied to media.
Rethinking smart buildings : Real estate as an active contributor to business success
Authors: Rönkä Elisa
Published: July 2024

The traditional focus on buildings has been on cost optimisation or maximising efficiency. With new digital solutions, however, buildings can start actively contributing to the revenue generation of an organisation by increasing productivity and fostering innovation at the workplace. In addition, due to the transformation of energy markets into enabling demand response solutions and offering remuneration to consumers of energy for providing demand flexibility, buildings can become generators of entirely new income streams for building owners.
Communicating with technology, computers and artificial intelligence: Are human rights and privacy being neglected?
Authors: Higham Patricia
Published: July 2024

The paper explores some of the problems of communicating with information technology (IT) and artificial intelligence (AI), and the dilemma encountered by professional practitioners and the general public. Negative aspects of the new technology, including breaches of privacy, are too often not taken into consideration. Technology can become an oppressive force that targets poor people. Voluntary regulation by privately owned internet providers fails to protect human rights. AI has produced algorithms that contain unintended prejudicial biases. An uncritical acceptance of IT and AI may lead to more inequality in our society. Impact assessments for introducing new technology are needed. Professional practitioners and professional bodies need to recognise not only the benefits of the new technology but also its drawbacks. Our society resists overt control and censorship but needs to find a consensus about how to protect public freedom.
Node.js Security
Authors: Verbitskiy Ilya
Published: July 2024

In the last few years we have witnessed tremendous technological growth: mobile devices, clouds, virtual reality and the Internet of Things. We can shop, buy tickets, talk to family and friends from a mobile phone, a tablet or a TV. But there is a dark side. Sony, Apple, Adobe, Target, Home Depot and many other companies, large and small, have been hacked in recent years. The number of cyberattacks is not reducing, it is increasing every day — and the situation will only get worse. Node.js is one of the fastestgrowing platforms for controlling the security of applications. This paper takes a look at the application security world and the use of Node.js in authentication, authorisation, sessions management, cryptography and other security-related topics.
Leveraging supply chain analytics to improve performance
Authors: Milliken Alan
Published: July 2024

Today’s systems capture a tremendous amount of supply chain (SC) related data. To take advantage of this capability firms must transform this information into better decisions and improved performance. The ultimate goal is to transform this mass of unstructured data into useful performance indicators and diagnostics that result in improved service, lower costs and lower inventory. Those firms who can successfully transform data into actionable business intelligence will gain a sustainable competitive advantage. The vision to use SC analytics effectively must include people, process and technology. Integration of the three is critical to maximise results. To begin the journey you must first identify what data is needed and how it should be structured. For example, the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR)1 Model provides a comprehensive set of performance indicators at both the business and operational levels. It links top-level metrics like ‘perfect order fulfillment’ with lower-level measures and diagnostics like ‘production schedule adherence’. Kaplan and Norton’s Balanced Scorecard – Translating Strategy into Action2 helps in translating the firm’s vision and strategy into a set of performance measures. The four perspectives of the scorecard (financial, customer, internal and learning) help to balance long-term and short-term goals. Adapting such things to the individual business model is an important step in the analytics process. BASF has used both of these concepts in performance measurement for many years. BASF, a firm with over 400 SAP plant codes and 85 strategic business units, began the effort to further leverage ‘big data’ with two major projects. The first replaced regional data warehouses with one global business warehouse. Many applications were transferred to the new environment. The second major project (Project ONE) converted all of BASF globally to one version of SAP R3. Like most firms, BASF had implemented SAP R3 over a period of years. Therefore, different regions had different versions, making data and communication difficult or even impossible. BASF was the first such company to transform to one version globally. All the various analytics types (predictive, descriptive, optimising) are applicable to SC management. Selecting the correct analytics and creating detailed definitions need to occur before software programming. This process must be end-user-driven. The technology needs to include ease-of-use as a primary objective. Change management (communication, education, validation) must be included in the project plans, as resistance to such a major transformation is to be expected.