bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antitubercular Activity of 7-Methyljuglone-Loaded Poly-(Lactide Co-Glycolide) Nanoparticles
Authors: Diedericks Bianca , Kok Anna-Mari , Mandiwana Vusani , Gordhan Bhavna Gowan , Kana Bavesh Davandra , Ray Suprakas Sinha , Lall Namrita
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Loading of natural products into poly-(lactide-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) nanoparticles as drug delivery systems for the treatment of diseases, such as tuberculosis (TB), has been widely explored. The current study investigated the use of PLGA nanoparticles with 7-methyljuglone (7-MJ), an active pure compound, isolated from the roots of Euclea natalensis A. DC. Methods: 7-MJ as well as its respective PLGA nanoparticles were tested for their antimycobacterial activity against Mycobacterium smegmatis (M. smegmatis), drug-susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) (H37Rv), and multi-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis (MDR11). The cytotoxicity of 7-MJ as well as its respective PLGA nanoparticles were tested for their cytotoxic effect against differentiated human histiocytic lymphoma (U937) cells. Engulfment studies were also conducted to determine whether the PLGA nanoparticles are taken up by differentiated U937 cells. Results: 7-MJ has been shown to have a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.6 µg/mL against M. smegmatis and multi-drug-resistant M. tuberculosis and 0.4 µg/mL against drug-susceptible M. tuberculosis. Whilst promising, 7-MJ was associated with cytotoxicity, with a fifty percent inhibition concentration (IC50) of 3.25 µg/mL on differentiated U937 cells. In order to lower the cytotoxic potential, 7-MJ was loaded into PLGA nanoparticles. The 7-MJ PLGA nanoparticles showed an 80-fold decrease in cytotoxic activity compared to free 7-MJ, and the loaded nanoparticles were successfully taken up by differentiated macrophage-like U937 cells. Conclusions: The results of this study suggested the possibility of improved delivery during TB therapy via the use of PLGA nanoparticles.
Efficiency of Desiccation, Biomass Production, and Nutrient Accumulation in Zuri and Quênia Guinea Grasses in Integrated Crop–Livestock Systems and Second-Crop Maize
Authors: Marques Bruno de Souza , Costa Kátia Aparecida de Pinho , do Nascimento Hemython Luís Bandeira , Bilego Ubirajara Oliveira , Hara Eduardo , Tavares Rose Luiza Moraes , Cabral Juliana Silva Rodrigues , da Silva Luciana Maria , Bento José Carlos , de Morais Breno Furquim , Costa Adriano Carvalho , Paim Tiago do Prado
Published: November 2024

Modern agriculture faces the challenge of increasing production without expanding cultivated areas, promoting sustainable practices that ensure food security and environmental preservation. Integrated crop–livestock systems (ICLSs) stand out as an effective strategy, diversifying and intensifying agricultural production in a sustainable manner, ensuring adequate soil cover, and improving nutrient cycling efficiency. Thus, this study aimed to explore and compare integrated crop–livestock systems with Zuri guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Zuri) and Quênia guinea grass (Panicum maximum cv. BRS Quênia) against the conventional soybean/maize succession method in a tropical region, and how these systems affect biomass decomposition, C:N ratio, nutrient cycling, and fertilizer equivalents. A field experiment was conducted in two phases: the first in the second-crop season and the second in the main season, using a randomized block design with four replicates. The treatments consisted of two ICLS systems, one with Zuri and Quênia guinea grasses established after soybean, and a succession system with maize established after soybean. The results indicated that Quênia guinea grass showed greater desiccation efficiency, with an injury rate of 86.5% at 21 days, 8.5% higher compared to Zuri guinea grass. In terms of biomass, Zuri and Quênia guinea grasses had average productions of 7021.1 kg ha−1, which was 43.25% higher compared to maize biomass. The biomass decomposition of the grasses was faster due to their lower C:N ratio, resulting in greater nutrient release into the soil. Both forage grasses (Zuri and Quênia guinea grasses) are suitable for integrated crop–livestock systems, as they showed similar biomass production and nutrient accumulation. Soybean yield was not influenced by the different cropping systems, showing similar results between the biomass of Zuri and Quênia guinea grasses and maize. However, grass biomass enriches the soil more through the return of fertilizer equivalents, which in future studies could be considered for the reduction of mineral fertilizers, ensuring greater sustainability of agricultural systems.
Recent Advances in Postharvest Application of Exogenous Phytohormones for Quality Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables
Authors: Mwelase Sbulelo , Adeyemi Jerry O. , Fawole Olaniyi A.
Published: November 2024

The increasing global population has heightened the demand for food, leading to escalated food production and, consequently, the generation of significant food waste. Factors such as rapid ripening, susceptibility to physiological disorders, and vulnerability to microbial attacks have been implicated as contributing to the accelerated senescence associated with food waste generation. Fruits and vegetables, characterized by their high perishability, account for approximately half of all food waste produced, rendering them a major area of concern. Various postharvest technologies have thus been employed, including the application of phytohormone treatments, to safeguard and extend the storability of highly perishable food products. This review, therefore, explores the physicochemical properties and biological aspects of phytohormones that render them suitable for food preservation. Furthermore, this review examines the effects of externally applied phytohormones on the postharvest physiology and quality attributes of fresh produce. Finally, the review investigates the mechanisms by which exogenous phytohormones preserve food quality and discusses the associated limitations and safety considerations related to the use of these compounds in food applications.
Sugarcane-Based Polyethylene Biocomposite Reinforced with Organophilic Montmorillonite Clay: Experimental Characterization and Performance Evaluation
Authors: Barbalho Gustavo H. A. , Nascimento José J. S. , Silva Lucineide B. , Delgado João M. P. Q. , Simões Jackson B. , Oliveira Vital A. B. , Santos Luis E. A. , Figueiredo Maria J. , Chaves Francisco S. , Lima Antonio G. B.
Published: November 2024

With the growing human awareness of trying to reduce the environmental impact in today’s world, the development of new sustainably based materials has been the increasing focus of industry and academia. Biocomposites are environmentally friendly materials produced from raw materials synthesized from renewable sources. In this sense, this work aims to characterize and evaluate the mechanical and thermal performances of biocomposites manufactured from a thermoplastic matrix of high-density bioethylene and obtained from ethanol produced from sugarcane and reinforced with organophilic montmorillonite clay. For this, polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PE-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer. Dry biocomposites with 1, 3, and 5% organophilic montmorillonite clay, by weight, were subjected to structural (FTIR and DRX), thermal (DSC), thermogravimetric (TG/DTG), thermodynamic–mechanical (DMA), morphological (SEM and MET), and mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and shore D hardness tests) characterizations. The DMA experiments were carried out within the viscoelastic region of the polymer. From the obtained results, we notice that, in general, there was an increase in the properties of high-density biopolyethylene (B-HDPE) (without compromising its processability), and therefore, the automotive application of biocomposites compatible with PE-g-MA, containing low levels of organophilic montmorillonite clay, is recommended.
Reprocessable Epoxy–Anhydride Resin Enabled by a Thermally Stable Liquid Transesterification Catalyst
Authors: Liang Huan , Tian Wendi , Xu Hongtu , Ge Yuzhen , Yang Yang , He Enjian , Yang Zhijun , Wang Yixuan , Zhang Shuhan , Wang Guoli , Chen Qiulin , Wei Yen , Ji Yan
Published: November 2024

Introducing dynamic ester bonds into epoxy–anhydride resins enhances the reprocessability of the crosslinked network, facilitated by various types of transesterification catalysts. However, existing catalysts, such as metal salts and organic molecules, often struggle with dispersion, volatility, or structural instability issues. Here, we propose to solve such problems by incorporating a liquid-state, thermally stable transesterification catalyst into epoxy resins. This catalyst, an imidazole derivative, can be uniformly dispersed in the epoxy resin at room temperature. In addition, it shows high-temperature structural stability above at least 200 °C as the synergistic effects of the electron-withdrawing group and steric bulk can be leveraged. It can also effectively promote transesterification at elevated temperatures, allowing for the effective release of shear stress. This property enables the thermal recycling and reshaping of the fully crosslinked epoxy–anhydride resin. This strategy not only enhances the functionality of epoxy resins but also broadens their applicability across various thermal and mechanical environments.
Natural Antibacterial Compounds with Potential for Incorporation into Dental Adhesives: A Systematic Review
Authors: Sousa Ana Catarina , Mascarenhas Paulo , Polido Mário , Vasconcelos e Cruz Joana
Published: November 2024

Dental adhesives are essential in modern restorative dentistry and are constantly evolving. However, challenges like secondary caries from bacterial infiltration at the adhesive–tooth interface persist. While synthetic antibacterial agents in adhesives show promise, safety concerns have shifted interest toward natural options that are biocompatible, sustainable, and effective. Therefore, this study evaluated whether natural antibacterial compounds in dental adhesives can provide effective antimicrobial activity without compromising their integrity. This systematic review followed PRISMA 2020 statement guidelines. Four databases were screened, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science, without language or publication date restrictions until July 2024. The selection criteria were in vitro studies in which natural antimicrobial substances were incorporated into dental adhesives and the resulting composites were tested for their antibacterial and physicochemical properties. A quality assessment was conducted on the selected studies. Most of the studies reviewed reported significant antibacterial activity while retaining the adhesive’s integrity, generally achieved with lower concentrations of the natural agents. Higher concentrations increase the antimicrobial effectiveness but negatively impact the adhesive’s properties. This review highlights the promising role of natural antibacterial compounds in enhancing the functionality of dental adhesives while also pointing to the need for continued research to address current challenges.
Study on the Repair of Irregular and Deep Cracks Induced by Thermal Shock Using Al-Cu-O Reactions in Al2O3 Ceramics
Authors: Bao Fuhai , Yamashita Seiji , Kita Hideki
Published: November 2024

The irregular and deep cracks induced by thermal shock in Al2O3 ceramics were repaired by applying Cu powder layer on their surface and heating at 1200 °C under an atmosphere of air. The Al-Cu-O liquid phase formed at 1200 °C by the reaction of molten Cu, oxygen, and Al2O3 phases penetrate deep into the narrow cracks, and the precipitation phases of Cu2O and CuAlO2 densely fill the crack interior. Our observation and analysis of the filled cracks and the surrounding areas of the repaired cracks, as well as the microstructural analysis results obtained through SEM-EDS and TEM observation, suggested the aforementioned crack repair mechanism. The bending strength of the coated surface after repairing the cracks is 301.8 MPa (ΔT = 300 °C), which is twice as strong as the specimen after thermal shock and 10% higher than the original strength of the base material.
An Exploratory Study of the Moderating Effect of Religious Service Attendance on the Relationship Between Discrimination and Suicidal Behaviors in an Immigrant Sample
Authors: Mason Karen , Rando Anthony , Im Susanna , De Souza Valter F. , Rynbrandt Bellanira , O’Shell Dylan , Oliveira Bianca Floresde
Published: November 2024

This cross-sectional study explored the moderating effect of religious service attendance on the relationship between discrimination and suicidal behaviors in a community sample of immigrants. A convenience sample of 348 individuals with immigrant experience to the U.S. completed a survey in either English, Portuguese or Spanish. The relationship between discrimination and suicidal behaviors was moderated by religious service attendance, equipping help from religious communities (RCs) and not having experienced discrimination in RCs. Other protections included being born outside the U.S. First-generation immigrants also reported less discrimination, which was a risk factor for suicidal behaviors. Other risk factors were refugee status, higher acculturation, discrimination in RCs, and certain types of help from RCs. Help that equipped them to navigate the U.S. system was associated with lower suicide risk. Community partners and RCs can help immigrants by collaborating to promote immigrant mental health because of the high religious affiliation of immigrants.
Pressure Control of Multi-Mode Variable Structure Electro–Hydraulic Load Simulation System
Authors: Hao He , Yan Hao , Zhang Qi , Li Haoyu
Published: November 2024

During the loading process, significant external position disturbances occur in the electro–hydraulic load simulation system. To address these position disturbances and effectively mitigate the impact of uncertainty on system performance, this paper first treats model parameter uncertainty and external disturbances as lumped disturbances. The various states of the servo valve and the pressures within the hydraulic cylinder chambers are then examined. Building on this foundation, the paper proposes a nonlinear multi-mode variable structure independent load port electro–hydraulic load simulation system that is tailored for specific loading conditions. Secondly, in light of the significant motion disturbances present, this paper proposes an integral sliding mode active disturbance rejection composite control strategy that is based on fixed-time convergence. Based on the structure of the active disturbance rejection control framework, the fixed-time integral sliding mode and active disturbance rejection control algorithms are integrated. An extended state observer is designed to accurately estimate the lumped disturbance, effectively compensating for it to achieve precise loading of the independent load port electro–hydraulic load simulation system. The stability of the designed controller is also demonstrated. The results of the simulation research indicate that when the command input is a step signal, the pressure control accuracy under the composite control strategy is 99.94%, 99.86%, and 99.76% for disturbance frequencies of 1 Hz, 3 Hz, and 5 Hz, respectively. Conversely, when the command input is a sinusoidal signal, the pressure control accuracy remains high, measuring 99.94%, 99.8%, and 99.6% under the same disturbance frequencies. Furthermore, the simulation demonstrates that the influence of sensor random noise on the system remains within acceptable limits, highlighting the effective filtering capabilities of the extended state observer. This research establishes a solid foundation for the collaborative control of load ports and the engineering application of the independent load port electro–hydraulic load simulation system.
Research into Energy-Saving Control Strategies of a Bulldozer Driven by a Torque Converter Based on the Minimum Fuel Consumption Rate of the Whole Machine
Authors: Qiang Hongbin , Li He , Kang Shaopeng , Liu Kailei , Yang Jing , Wang Lian
Published: November 2024

In order to address the issue of poor fuel efficiency in hydraulic bulldozers during operation, this paper proposes a speed–load control strategy aimed at minimizing the overall fuel consumption rate of the machine. First, input–output models of the engine, hydraulic torque converter and the entire vehicle were established. Then, based on the bulldozer’s output power and fuel consumption rate, a performance metric for the overall fuel consumption rate was proposed to reflect the machine’s working efficiency. The characteristics of the overall fuel consumption rate were analyzed under different load, speed, and gear conditions. Next, a work point optimization control strategy was proposed for the whole machine energy-saving mode and constant power mode, aiming to minimize the overall fuel consumption rate while using the load, speed, and gear as control variables. To verify the feasibility of the work point optimization control strategy, simulations were conducted for both the energy-saving and constant power modes. The simulation results showed that in the whole machine energy-saving mode, this control strategy resulted in the lowest fuel consumption compared to constant speed control strategies at 1500, 1700, and 2000 rpm, with significant reductions in most cases. In the constant power mode, a comparison between four optimal operating points and the whole machine energy-saving mode revealed that while the former had slightly higher fuel consumption, it ensured a stable power output. Finally, experimental testing demonstrated that the proposed control strategy reduced the overall fuel consumption rate by 12.5% compared to the constant speed mode, verifying the effectiveness of the strategy. The study concludes that the energy-saving control strategy, through the coordinated switching between the two modes in complex operating conditions, not only ensures a stable power output for the bulldozer but also significantly improves fuel efficiency, providing an important reference for optimizing the efficiency of transmission systems in construction machines.
Industry Energy Dependence Characteristics Under Different Energy Consumption Accounting Scopes: A Comparison Between China and the U.S.
Authors: Chen Hongmin , Xu Yingmei
Published: November 2024

Energy plays a vital role in the sustainable development of the economy and society. The key measures for achieving sustainable development include optimizing the energy structure, improving energy efficiency, and reducing reliance on non-renewable energy sources. This study constructs a monetary energy consumption database for China that distinguishes between energy resources used as raw materials and those used as other intermediate inputs, based on China’s annual input–output table from 2001 to 2020. In this paper, the direct energy consumption and energy conservation potential of 33 industries in both China and the United States are compared under the following three energy consumption scopes: not excluding energy used as raw materials, excluding energy used as raw materials for the production of non-energy products, and excluding energy used as raw materials for the production of non-energy products or the production of energy products through non-combustion processes. This study also compares the direct energy dependence characteristics of these industries. The following conclusions are made: First, the energy consumption structure varies greatly under different scopes, of which the third scope is closest to the international standards. Second, China’s raw materials industries have made some progress in energy conservation, and their gap with those in the U.S. has started to narrow. Third, China’s high-tech industries still have potential for energy conservation and emission reduction.
Does Environmental Information Disclosure Reduce PM2.5 Emissions? Evidence from Chinese Prefecture-Level Cities
Authors: Wang Teng , Wang Yani , Xiong Weiwei
Published: November 2024

As an important means of regulating pollution emissions, environmental regulation is crucial for reducing urban PM2.5. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the emission reduction effect of formal environmental regulations and neglected the role played by informal environmental regulations represented by environmental information disclosure. We employed a multiperiod difference-in-differences (DID) model to assess the effectiveness of EID policies in mitigating PM2.5 emissions and to investigate their abatement mechanism by focusing on green innovation and industrial structure. The findings indicate that the implementation of EID policies significantly reduces PM2.5 emissions. Mechanism tests reveal that EID promotes PM2.5 reductions by fostering green innovation and upgrading industrial structure. In addition, the impact of EID policy is more marked in resource-based cities and those located in interior regions. This study contributes to the reduction in urban haze emissions in China, offering empirical evidence and policy recommendations for the further implementation of environmental information disclosure.
Enhancing Teachers’ Self-Efficacy Supported by Coaching in the Content of Open Schooling for Sustainability
Authors: Gorghiu Gabriel , Sherborne Tony , Kowalski Raquel , Vives-Adrián Laia , Ribeiro Silvar
Published: November 2024

Developing teacher self-efficacy can be supported through coaching, a process that guides and supports teachers in enhancing their confidence in teaching and learning skills. This study, part of the CONNECT project funded by the European Union and implemented in various countries, investigates how coaching improves teacher performance and self-efficacy within the context of open schooling for sustainability. The coaching process underpinned by the CARE-KNOW-DO framework focused on 45 coaches supporting a total of 790 teachers in the UK, Brazil, Romania, and Spain. A multilanguage digital platform provided resources, guidelines, video, and best practices on open schooling integrated with the Sustainable Development Goals for teachers’ educators and teachers. Through a qualitative study analyzing CARE-KNOW-DO practices in one-on-one dialogue-based strategies, collaborative participatory research, webinars, workshops, and professional development courses, our findings reveal both challenges and catalysts in coaching. Key features of the coaching model that boosted teachers’ self-efficacy included working with mixed-ability classes (UK), overcoming curriculum pressure (Spain), and addressing complex teaching challenges (Romania). Pedagogical changes involved the adoption and co-creation of open schooling materials, along with integrating CARE-KNOW-DO principles and the EU DigComp framework for green digital skills. These insights demonstrate that coaching in open schooling environments for sustainability can significantly enhance teachers’ self-efficacy and the quality of open schooling experiences by increasing teachers’ awareness of challenges, strategies, and outcomes, focusing on meaningful practices, enhancing teaching and learning competencies, and fostering collaborative personal development.
FinTech and Inclusive Green Growth: A Causal Inference Based on Double Machine Learning
Authors: Wu Binhong , Ding Yuting , Xie Bangsheng , Zhang Yu
Published: November 2024

Based on city-level data from 287 Chinese prefecture-level administrative units spanning 2011 to 2021, this study employs text analysis to quantify FinTech development and applies a double machine learning model to empirically assess the impact of FinTech on Inclusive Green Growth, along with its underlying mechanisms. The key findings are as follows: (1) FinTech significantly promotes Inclusive Green Growth, particularly in the areas of payment systems, lending and capital raising, and investment management. This conclusion holds across a range of robustness checks, including alternative measurement indicators, different machine learning models, and tests for endogeneity. (2) Mechanism analysis demonstrates that FinTech drives Inclusive Green Growth by fostering financial employment, expanding financial supply, and facilitating green technological innovation. (3) Heterogeneity analysis reveals that while China still faces elements of the resource curse, the positive impact of FinTech on Inclusive Green Growth is more pronounced in regions with higher levels of digital infrastructure, environmental regulation, and green finance. These findings provide valuable insights into leveraging FinTech’s potential to support China’s high-quality economic development.
Does Employee Training in Sustainable Practices and Food Waste Influence a Restaurant’s Level of Sustainability-Oriented Service Innovation (SOSI) and Brand Equity? Evidence-Based Research into the Ecuadorian Catering Industry
Authors: Montesdeoca-Calderón María-Gabriela , Gil-Saura Irene , Ruiz-Molina María-Eugenia , Martín-Ríos Carlos
Published: November 2024

Restaurant segmentation is an effective tool for decision-making when developing business strategies. The objective of this research is to classify restaurant groups according to the level of employee training in sustainable practices and food waste, and to contrast the differences in the degree of sustainability-oriented service innovation and brand equity, as well as in the implementation of various sustainable practices. A cluster analysis was conducted with 300 restaurants in Guayaquil, Manta, and Portoviejo in Ecuador, based on face-to-face interviews with their managers, and then confirmed with discriminant analysis. Two groups were identified: (1) restaurants with less training in green practices, higher level of food waste, lower level of sustainability-oriented service innovation, and higher brand equity; (2) restaurants with more training in green practices, lower level of food waste, higher level of sustainability-oriented service innovation, and lower brand equity. The most sustainable restaurants claim to have less brand equity, which demonstrates that the Ecuadorian consumer does not particularly value sustainability.
Bee Venom Acupuncture for Shoulder Pain: A Literature Review of Clinical Studies
Authors: Jeong Hyein , Jang Soobin , Park Jang-Kyung , Kim Kyeong Han , Park Jong Hyun , Lee Gihyun , Sung Soo-Hyun
Published: November 2024

Managing shoulder pain typically involves the use of acetaminophen or oral nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, but prolonged use of these medications can lead to dependence and various side effects. To overcome the dose dependency and side effects of these conventional drugs, animal venoms have begun to be utilized. Among them, bee venom stands out for its powerful anti-inflammatory properties, which help relieve pain and treat chronic inflammatory conditions. This review evaluates the efficacy and safety of bee venom acupuncture (BVA) for shoulder pain. In March 2024, we searched 11 databases: 5 international and 6 Korean databases. We identified 23 clinical studies on BVA for shoulder pain. The causes of shoulder pain were post-stroke pain (43.5%), rotator cuff syndrome (17.4%), and brachial plexus palsy (13.0%). The BVA concentration and dosage per session were 0.005–1.0 mg/mL and 0.01–2.0 mL, respectively. All included clinical studies reported positive effects on pain outcomes. This review suggests that BVA, which involves injecting bee venom into acupuncture points, may serve as a viable alternative for pain management. However, the level of evidence in the included studies was low and adverse effects were reported infrequently, indicating that further research is needed.
Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning (PSP) Toxins in Bivalve Molluscs from Southern Italy Analysed by Liquid Chromatography Coupled with High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS)
Authors: Gallo Pasquale , Lambiase Sara , Duro Ida , Esposito Mauro , Pepe Angela
Published: November 2024

A new method for simultaneous determination by liquid chromatography coupled with high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS/MS) of 14 paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins (PSP), that is, Saxitoxin, Neosaxitoxin, Gonyautoxins and their respective variants, in bivalve molluscs, is herein described. The samples were extracted by acetic acid solution, then analysed by UHPLC coupled with a Q-Exactive Orbitrap Plus high resolution mass spectrometer, by electrospray ionization mode (ESI) with no further clean up step. The analysis was carried out by monitoring both the exact mass of the molecular precursor ion of each compound (in mass scan mode, resolution at 70,000 FWHM) and its respective fragmentation patterns (two product ions) with mass accuracy greater than 5 ppm. The analytical performance of the method was evaluated calculating trueness, as mean recoveries of each biotoxin, between 77.8% and 111.9%, a within-laboratory reproducibility (RSDR) between 3.6% and 12.2%, the specificity, the linearity of detector response, and the ruggedness for slight changes The results of the validation study demonstrate this method fits for the purposes of the official control of PSP toxins in molluscs. The results of two years of monitoring in local mussel farms are also reported, showing that no significant concerns for food safety in the monitored productions.
Discussing poverty within primary-care consultations: implications for mental health support
Authors: Thomas Felicity , Wyatt Katrina , Berzins Kathryn , Lee Ilse , Horrell Jane , McLoughlin Alison
Published: November 2024

Background

Poverty can have significant impacts on health and wellbeing. However, asking patients about their broader socio-economic circumstances is not routine within primary care consultations.

Aim

To understand healthcare professionals’ experiences of communicating with patients about their socio-economic circumstances and how a bespoke training programme supported these conversations in routine consultations.

Design & setting

Healthcare professionals from 30 GP practices across England received training to improve understanding and communication with patients about the ways that poverty impacted their mental health.

Method

Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 49 GPs and allied health professionals to understand barriers and enablers to communication around poverty and the impact of the training on their consultation practice.

Results

Health professionals often lacked confidence in discussing socio-economic issues and welcomed information on how to do this sensitively. Asking questions relating to poverty-related stresses was felt to lead to better understanding around the causes of mental distress, avoidance of problematic assumptions and inappropriate antidepressant prescribing and to enable more coordinated and appropriate support from practice teams.

Conclusion

Asking patients about their socio-economic circumstances can facilitate provision of appropriate support.
The influence of mineralogical composition and alkali reactivity for utilization of some Egyptian crushed granites as a concrete aggregate
Authors: El-fakharany Maged , Omar Ahmed , Abdellatif Mahmoud
Published: November 2024

Egyptian Eastern Desert is rich in many areas that contain granites masses throughout the geological era; some of them show good characteristics of the rock hardness, durability, density and mineralogy. This current research aims to utilize three main types of granite aggregates based on their mineralogical composition and Alkali reactivity with cement during concrete production. The studied granite aggregate can be also classified into red younger granite aggregate, white older granite aggregate and grey older granite aggregate. Evaluating these granite rocks as aggregate used in concrete mixture is interesting by produced three mixes using the three studied granite aggregate symbolized (Red GA), (White GA) and (Grey GA), tested mechanically to give a more detailed for the obtained results to be not restricted for only studied granite aggregate criteria but also to follow the actual reaction of this studied granite aggregate with cement.   It was obtained that all studied granite aggregates within acceptable limits of concrete aggregate by following Egyptian code (ECP-203) although their variation on its mineralogical composition. Some reflections produced from change in mineralogical composition between the three studied granite aggregates exhibited by relative regression in the average physico-mechanical values for both (White and Grey GA) than (Red GA). On the other hand, slight reactive for (Red GA) than others at the age of 28 day. In addition, all produced (Red GA), (White GA) and (Grey GA) mixes were acceptable mechanically with limits of (ECP-203) giving benefit for using all of the studied granite aggregate after their detailed study involving its mineralogical composition and alkali aggregate reactivity (AAR).
Suitability of crushed sandcrete block (CSB) as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete
Authors: Akor Joshua Adoyi , Onjefu Leonard Agbo , Edeh Joseph Ejelikwu , Olubambi Ademilade Joseph
Published: November 2024

The suitability of crushed Sandcrete block (CSB) for use as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete was examined. The physical and mechanical properties of the crushed Sandcrete block and river sand were determined and compared. The specific gravity of the crushed Sandcrete block was found to be 2.58 while that for river sand was 2.66. The concrete with compressive strength of 25N/mm2 at 28 days’ hydration period was calculated for the normal mixture as the control. The percentage mix of the fine aggregate was substituted with CSB in different mix proportions of 0:1(0%), 1:3(25%), 1:2(33.3%), 1:1(50%), 2:1(66.7%), 3:1(75%) and 1:0(100%) of crushed Sandcrete block and river sand by weight as fine aggregate. The concrete cubes were cured, and compressive strength tests were carried out at 7, 14, and 28 days. It was observed that the 28-day density and compressive strength for concrete cubes with crushed Sandcrete block alone as fine aggregate (i.e. 100%) were found to be 2420kg/m³ and 22N/mm² respectively compared to the 0:1(0%) proportion which was found to be 2485kg/m³ and 26N/mm² respectively. It was observed that the density and compressive strength reduced with the increasing addition of CSB in all the proportions.
Investigating the role of insulated tiles as a prospective material for building envelope: thermal performance and energy efficiency
Authors: Dr. M. Arif Kamal
Published: November 2024

The residential and commercial sectors account for nearly one-third of the total electricity consumption in India. During the period from 1971 to 2012, the highest increase in electricity consumption was seen in the residential sector with a 9.4% compound annual growth rate, followed by the commercial sector. This has been attributed mainly to the extensive use of air conditioning for thermal comfort in buildings in these two sectors. Building envelope design and construction play an important role in reducing energy consumption in such systems. With the incorporation of thermal insulation materials in combination with other construction materials in a building’s roof and walls, especially in those that are exposed to solar radiation, the energy intensiveness of buildings can be brought down significantly on a long-term basis. Despite the availability of several insulation products in the Indian market, the importance of thermal insulation for buildings for energy efficiency has not been well recognized by building engineers and developers at present. This paper looks into various important aspects related to building insulation materials, right from the principles of building science to the application of materials in buildings. This paper provides a qualitative analysis of insulation materials in the buildings and also provides practice-oriented background information for building designers, architects, site engineers and various other stakeholders in the building construction industry. The paper also evaluates the application of Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) as an insulating material for walls and roofs.
Analyzing energy efficiency strategies and designing and simulation energy efficient systems in buildings
Authors: Afroozeh Peyman
Published: November 2024

Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) refers to both a structure and the application of processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's life-cycle: from planning to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and demolition.the past decade has witnessed a rapid increase in the number of studies on GB energy efficiency systems. However, similar studies also indicate that the results of current GB simulations are not yet satisfactory to meet GB objectives. In this study, every particular part of the building construction element was simulated for ensuring energy efficiency.Additionally, a method is introduced that almost satisfies GB objectives by using appropriate modern cost-effective technologies, . This method reduces the initial, running, and maintenance costs of electrical/electronic devices and limits wiring installations, leading to significant energy consumption reduction of about 50%. In this research, renewable energy or green power, that is currently the key solution to tackle the energy crisis ,significantly maximised, hence decreasing the impact of global greenhouse gas emissions.
Deflection-Based Numerical Evaluation of Steel, Bamboo Fibre, and Carbon Fibre Polymer Reinforced Portal Frame
Authors: Odeyemi S.O , Olawale M.A , Adisa M.O , Atoyebi O.D , Giwa Z.T
Published: November 2024

Reinforced concrete, a flexible building material, enjoys worldwide acceptance. Yet, its environmental footprint, especially regarding steel production, is substantial. The extensive mining of iron ore contributes to global warming, prompting the quest for greener alternatives. Bamboo fibre and carbon fibre were employed in sustainable industrial and construction practices to fulfill tensile requirements in reinforced concrete, effectively managing lateral loads on structural elements. This study aims to compare numerically the deflection resistance of portal frames reinforced with steel, bamboo fibre, and carbon fibre polymers using Abaqus version 6.14. The replacement of steel with carbon fibre within the portal frame exhibited comparable effectiveness to that of utilizing steel, whereas the introduction of bamboo fibre was observed to yield relatively diminished efficacy. However, differences between the results for steel, bamboo fibre, and carbon fibre are minimal, and carbon fibre performs similarly to steel. The maximum lateral movement values are 2.43 mm for steel, 2.68 mm for bamboo fibre, and 2.39 mm for carbon fibre.
Experimental investigation on effect of corrosion on curvature-ductility relationship of RCC member in flexure
Authors: Ojha P N , Kumar Sumit , Kaura Puneet , Singh Brijesh , Singh Pranay
Published: November 2024

Corrosion of reinforcement in concrete is the biggest concern when it comes to durability of concrete structure. It is not only detrimental to the health of the structure but also has economic implications with regard to the money and energy required for repair of concrete elements deteriorated by corrosion of steel. This study is dedicated to understand the effect of corrosion in concrete induced by chloride ingress using an accelerated technique involving the application of external voltage to laboratory cast RC beam specimens. All the specimens used in this study were cast in laboratory using M20 grade concrete using OPC (Ordinary Portland Cement). The diffusion coefficient of chloride ions into concrete was estimated using NT Build 492 test. Finally, the effect of corrosion on ductility, moment-curvature relationship and reduction in flexural strength of beams was measured using a two-point load flexural test. Reduction in strength and ductility was observed as the corrosion level increased.
Formulation and characterisation of micro and macro polypropylene fibre reinforced mortar
Authors: Bendjilali Fatiha , Bendjillali Khadra , Benharzallah Krobba
Published: November 2024

The objective of this work is to study the physical and mechanical characteristics of mortars reinforced by synthetic fibres. The work is carried out on mortars, using limestone crushing sand, composite cement and synthetic fibres. The fibres used as reinforcement of these mortars are synthetic fibres of polypropylene coming from industrial wastes; micro fibres having a diameter of 0.25 mm and macro fibres with a diameter of 0.45 mm. The used fibres have the same length of 30 mm. The results revealed that the addition of polypropylene fibres has a negative effect on the workability of the mixture, especially micro fibres. However, the mechanical properties of mortars have been enhanced. The weight loss is close in all mortars.
Characterization of a bio-based concrete using virgin cork aggregate
Authors: Hariz Samah , Ghomari Fouad , Touil Brahim
Published: November 2024

The field of construction, like other field besides, faces new challenges, particularly that relating to reduction of the environmental impact and the improvement of the thermal and energy performances. To this end, the work presented in this article concerns bio-based concrete which complies with the new regulatory provisions inherent in cementitious materials. This is a concrete where 25% of the mineral volume is replaced by the same plant volume (male cork) in the dry state and immersed for 2 hours in water while adding 10% of filler. A first experimental campaign was carried out in the laboratory in order to identify the rheological behavior of the composite in the fresh state and the mechanical behavior in the hardened state. The results showed that this material can be used in many civil engineering applications.
أثر التصويت التقليدي أو التراكمي في انتخابات مجلس إدارة شركة المساهمة دراسة مقارنة بين القانون الكويتي وقانون ولاية ديلاوير الأمريكية
Authors: الدعاس خالد عبدالحميد
Published: November 2024

الأهداف: توضيح أثر التصويت التراكمي على عملية انتخاب مجلس إدارة شركات المساهمة، وانتهاءً باقتراح الصورة القانونية المثالية لتطبيق التصويت التراكمي للنهوض بالسوق المالية الكويتية. المنهج: المنهج التحليلي النقدي الاستنتاجي المُقارَن لتحليل النصوص القانونية؛ بهدف نقدها عبر وضع اليد على عيوبها وثغراتها حتى نستنتج الحلول والمقترحات. النتائج: تَقتَضِي العدالة وفق الأثر الشامل للتصويت التراكمي بعدم مَنْحِ الأكثرية السيطرة المطلقة على مجلس الإدارة من جهةٍ، وعدم مَنْحِ الأقلية السيطرة على مجلس الإدارة من جهةٍ أخرى. الخاتمة: قدمت الدراسة التوصيات التالية: فرض الطبيعة الإلزامية للتصويت التراكمي على الشركات المدرجة في السوق المنظمة من بورصة الكويت، وعدم السماح للأسهم الممتازة بأصوات إضافية للتصويت بأكثر من صوتٍ واحدٍ فيما يخصُّ انتخابات مجلس الإدارة، واعتماد الأثر الشامل للتصويت التراكمي كمبدأٍ عامٍّ، وتطبيق الأثر الحصري في حالات استثنائية فقط مثل: تحوُّل الشركة العائلية إلى شركة مساهمةٍ عامةٍ.
الكلمات المفتاحية: التصويت التقليدي، التصويت التراكمي، شركة المساهمة، مجلس الإدارة، الحوكمة، الأقلية، الأكثرية.
عقوبة الخدمة المجتمعية في التشريع الأردني والمقارن
Authors: الوريكات محمد عبد اللّه
Published: November 2024

تجد عقوبة الخدمة المجتمعية تطبيقاً واسعاً لها في غالبية دول العالم، باعتبارها بديلاً جاداً ومقنعاً لعقوبة سلب الحرية قصيرة المدة؛ وذلك لتفادي الآثار السلبية التي تنجم عن هذه العقوبة، فضلاً عن أن عقوبة الخدمة المجتمعية تسهم بشكل ملحوظ في تغيير سلوكيات المحكوم عليهم بها، لا سيما وأنهم من مبتدئي الإجرام؛ وخطورتهم الإجرامية في أدنى مستوياتها، دون اختلاطهم بمن هم أشد منهم خطورة إجرامية أو عراقة بالإجرام في المؤسسات العقابية.
وبالنظر إلى أنّ النسبة الغالبة من المحكوم عليهم بعقوبات سالبة للحرية قصيرة المدة هم من فئة الشباب الأصحاء القادرين على العمل والإنتاج في الوسط الحر، فإنّ إخضاعهم لهذه العقوبة بدلاً من سلب حريتهم يعد تهذيباً لهم، ويسهم في صلاح حالهم، ويدرّ وفراً مالياً على خزينة الدولة التي ترهقها النفقات الباهظة على نزلاء المؤسسات العقابية، ولهذه المزايا ولغيرها التي تحققها عقوبة الخدمة المجتمعية فقد نالت تأييداً كبيراً من الفقهاء، ونادى بها العديد من المؤتمرات الدولية، وتبنتها معظم التشريعات العقابية المعاصرة.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الخدمة المجتمعية، العمل للنفع العام، العمل للمصلحة العامة، العقوبة البديلة
منهج المشرع الكويتي في تحديد الدور الوظيفي للهيئة العامة لمكافحة الفساد حيال شبهات الفساد في ضوء الاتفاقيات الدولية والتشريعات الوطنية
Authors: بوعركي حسين جمعة
Published: November 2024

الأهداف: يركز هذا البحث على تحديد الدور الوظيفي لهيئة مكافحة الفساد بشأن شبهات جرائم الفساد المحددة بالقانون، واختصاص هيئة مكافحة الفساد بتلك الجرائم وتداخل اختصاصاتها مع وحدة التحريات المالية خصوصاً في ظل وجود إشكال في تحديد جرائم الفساد والأشخاص الخاضعين لها لوجود تباين تشريعي في تحديد مفهوم الشرط المفترض في جريمتي الرشوة والاختلاس من المال العام. المنهج: يعتمد هذا البحث على المنهج التحليلي الوصفي ، فهو يهتم بشكل أساسي بتحليل النصوص القانونية محل البحث ، وتحليلها في ضوء النصوص العامة بقانون الإجراءات والمحاكمات الجزائية وقانون الجزاء الكويتي كونهما الشريعة العامة في هذا المجال، هادفاً إلى إسباغ الوصف الصحيح على أعمال الهيئة. النتائج والتوصيات: أهم نتائج البحث تكمن في أهمية تنظيم المسؤولية الجنائية للأشخاص الاعتبارية عن جرائم الفساد. وضرورة التوسع في مفهوم الجرائم الاقتصادية وعلى الأخص جرائم قانون هيئة أسواق المال رقم 7/2010 وقانون الشركات رقم 1/2016 والجرائم المالية التقليدية. مع تفويض اللائحة التنفيذية بإضافة أي جريمة أخرى ترى أنها تعتبر من جرائم الفساد، وضرورة اعتبار الشروع في الجرائم المحددة بالمادة 22 من قانون الهيئة العامة لمكافحة الفساد من ضمن جرائم الفساد. خاتمة: اعترى قانون هيئة مكافحة الفساد عيوب ونواقص جوهرية كانت أثراً مباشراً لاستبعاد الرأي الفقهي والعلمي من مناقشات هذا القانون، ومن أوضح الأمثلة عدم النص على اعتبار الشروع من جرائم الفساد، وبالتالي انحسار جميع الإجراءات عن حالة الشروع، كما بين البحث قواسم فاصلة في وصف أعمال الهيئة.
The Application of UNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records in Kuwait: A Comparative Study
Authors: Alawneh Tariq Shafiq
Published: November 2024

The existing requirements in national and international law for the use of written documents or manual signatures in international trade transactions are considered to constitute major obstacles to the development of electronic commerce at global level. Other obstacles also include questions and uncertainties concerning the validity, legal effect and enforceability of transactions regarding electronic bill of lading conducted via electronic means, in a legal environment based on paper.  The Law No 20/2014 excluded promissory notes and negotiable bills of exchange from the scope of application of this law. The law also does not apply to any event that the law requires to be expressed in a written document or to be documented or when it is subject to a specific provision in another law, e.g. the bill of lading where the Kuwaiti Maritime Law states that the maritime contract of carriage shall be made in a form of bill of lading, and shall be written. The law says that the bill of lading shall be drawn on two originals; one shall be handed over to the shipper and the other to the carrier and shall be stamped by a non-negotiable seal. This research aims to investigate the applicability of negotiable electronic instruments and documents (mainly the bill of lading) in Kuwait. The research shall examine whether the Kuwaiti Law No 20/2014 should be Expanded to Include Transferable Instruments. The research analysed the three jurisdictions (Bahrain, Singapore, and Abu Dhabi Global Market, and compared them with the Kuwaiti law in terms of adopting the Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records.
Keywords: Commercial law, Electronic commercial law, Electronic transferable records, Bill of lading, Negotiable instruments.