bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dynamic of soil properties under an exotic pine (Pinus sp.) species growing in Bantaeng Regency
Authors: Mukrimin M , Ghiffary M I , Anshari M F , Gusmiaty G , Restu M
Published: July 2021

One of the conifer species that can thrive in Indonesia is Pinus merkusii. This pine is an endemic species on the island of Sumatra, particularly in Aceh, Tapanuli, and Kerinci. In addition, there were other exotic species (Pinus sp.) growing on the island of Sulawesi. However, it has never been reported before. Therefore, this study aims to examine and describe the soil characteristics under Rombeng Pine (Pinus sp.) stand in Bantaeng Regency in terms of information on the soil nutrients under the Pinus sp. stand. The used method included sampling soil and collecting tree tissues. The results showed that the characteristics of soil properties varied. Both physical and chemical soil characteristics varied, particularly in soil texture class, organic matter content, C%, N%, C/N ratio, P2O5, and Mg.
Diversity of meranti (Shorea spp) in secondary forest of tropic area in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Herawatiningsih Ratna , Thamrin Eddy
Published: July 2021

The demand for the wood as basic human need is increasing in line with the population growth worldwide. Meranti (Shorea spp.) is a species of commercial tree that has been traded since the start of forest exploitation. This plant easily grows in various habitats, including tropics areas, such as secondary tropical rain forest located in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan (Borneo), Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to determine and reviewing the diversity of Shorea spp in secondary forest in Mempawah District, West Kalimantan. The observation was carried out by a survey method using a combination of path and line square methods. The paths were put with a purposive sampling method in many areas of that secondary forest that have Shorea spp in each site of observation. Following to the result, there were four species of meranti (Shorea spp), including Shorea platyclados (Meranti Batu), Shorea leprosula (Meranti Bunga), Shorea pinanga (Meranti Merah), Shorea bracteolatadyer (Meranti Putih) in each growth stage from seedling, stake, pole, and tree, but not dominate in the secondary forest of Mempawah District. The observation found that those Shorea spp there had the Dominance Index in seedling, stake, pole, and tree stages was less than 0.5, the Species Diversity Index was overflowing (H 1 ≤ H ≤ 3), while the Species Abundance was less than 1.
Diversity and association of arbuscular mycorrhizae fungi (AMF) in landslide-impacted area
Authors: Prayudyaningsih R , Nursyamsi  , Prasetyawati C A , Suryanto H
Published: July 2021

The lack of nutrient availability, organic matter, infiltration capacity, water holding capacity, and the increasing soil density are characteristics of a landslide-impacted area. Potential soil microbes such as indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) should be used to rehabilitate the area. Therefore, diversity of AMF and its association with plant roots that colonize the land should be determined. The research location was in a landslide-impacted area of Mount Bawakaraeng, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Soil and plant root samples were collected from 2 types areas, namely (1) upstream (Lengkese village) and (2) downstream (Spoilbank of Bili-Bili dam). The results found 15 morphotypes of AMF spores including genus Acaulospora, Gigaspora, Scutellospora and Glomus. The spore density of AMF was low, i.e 837 and 1,495 in upstream and downstream areas respectively. Most of the pioneer plants that invaded the area were associated with AMF, indicated by 19.44 – 95.48% colonization level. The low density of spores proves that the impact of landslides has resulted in decreased soil biological properties. Meanwhile, the AMF colonization in pioneer roots indicated the association of mycorrhizal fungi is needed to help plant survival and improve the soil properties. Furthermore, landslide-impacted areas can be restored and used as agriculture areas.
Organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat milk yogurt using Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 with the addition of stevia sweetener
Authors: Purwaningsih  , Rosida I N , Djaafar T F , Marwati T , Wikandari R , Rahayu E S
Published: July 2021

Yogurt is a functional food that is in demand by the public. The high sucrose content in yogurt can cause health problems, especially for people with diabetes mellitus. Making goat milk yogurt using stevia as a sweetener is one solution. The purpose of this study was to know the organoleptic, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of goat milk yogurt fermented using Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35, which added with stevia sweetener. This research was conducted using a Factorial Completely Randomized Design. The first factor was the strain of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and Lactobacillus plantarum T35. The second factor was the concentration of stevia, namely 0%; 0.25%; and 0.5%. The yogurt processing was carried out by adding goat milk with 10% skim milk and 1% (v/v) LAB inoculum, then incubated at 37 °C for 16 hours. We found that goat milk yogurt with a Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and a stevia concentration of 0.25% was the most preferred. The your contents of protein, water, fat, titrated acid, and ash content were 6.48-6.57%; 78.11-80.45%; 5.03-5.16%; 0.56-0.61%;and 1.50-1.55%, respectively. The log increase of Lactobacillus plantarum T14 and T35 about 1.48-1.54 and 0.17-0.45, respectively.
Inhibition the growth of fungi and improving the quality of cocoa beans through fermentation using lactic acid bacteria
Authors: Marwati Tri , Purwaningsih  , Djaafar T F , Sari A B T , Hernani
Published: July 2021

The addition of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) improved the fermentation performance of cocoa bean. Uncontrolled fermentation causes the mycotoxin contamination in cocoa which is produced by fungi. Lactic Acid Bacteria that have been shown to inhibit fungi are from the species Lactobacillus plantarum and fermentum. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the ability of Lactobacillus plantarum and fermentum to increase the quality and inhibit mold growth of cocoa beans. This research was carried out using Completely Randomized Design. We examined one variable, namely the use of dry starter culture (with Lactobacillus plantarum, with Lactobacillus fermentum, with mixed culture of Lactobacillus plantarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti, and without starter culture). We found that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum in combination with Saccharomycess cerevisiae and Acetobacter aceti could provide suitable temperature and pH conditions for a good fermentation process of cocoa beans and suppress the growth of fungus. Fermented cocoa beans produced by those starter cultures could meet the quality requirements of Indonesian National Standard 2323:2008/Amd1:2010.
Characteristics of simplicia ginger (Zingiber officinale) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) powder by different drying method
Authors: Khaerunnisa  , Mahendradatta M , Asfar M
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to produce qualified simplicia of ginger and lemongrass powder by determining water content, antioxidant activity, and the characteristic of color and aroma. Two stages of drying were conducted, namely, the conventional method using open-air sun drying and the oven method with a temperature of 50°C for 24 hours. The method used to determine water content was based on SNI 01-2891-1992, and antioxidant activity was determined using the UV. VIS spectrophotometry method. The data were analyzed according to descriptive analysis. The results indicated that the simplicia ginger and lemongrass powder in the oven drying method resulted in lower moisture content, higher antioxidant activity, stronger aroma quality, and lighter color compared to the conventional drying. The water content of ginger and lemongrass powder was 6.75% and 7.2% in oven drying, while the conventional methods were 7.25% and 10.15%, respectively. The antioxidant activity of ginger and lemongrass powder in oven drying was 65.12% and 51.63%, while the conventional methods were 62.41% and 50.05%, respectively. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the simplicia of ginger and lemongrass powder indicated the better characteristics and quality with the oven drying method at 50°C for 24 hours compared to the conventional method using open-air sun drying.
The effect of soaking time on mucilage removal from the coffee bean using pectinase enzyme
Authors: Fitri  , Tawali A B , Laga A
Published: July 2021

The perfect coffee fermentation process is characterized by the release of mucilage that covers the coffee beans. The mucilage that doesn’t come off entirely from the coffee beans can affect the taste of the coffee. The mucilage, which is composed of pectin, can be removed using the pectinase enzyme. This study aims to determine the optimal soaking time required to remove the mucilage from the coffee beans. Coffee beans are soaked in a liquid containing the pectinase enzyme for 1, 2, 3, and 4 hours. The results showed that soaking coffee beans for 4 hours in the pectinase enzyme was the best contact time in releasing the coffee bean mucilage. Soaking coffee beans for 4 hours in the pectinase enzyme produced a pectin yield of 0.25%, total dissolved solids 1.05°Brix, pH 6.55, and total sugar 15.67%.
The effect of encapsulant type on physical and chemical characteristics of anthocyanin extract powder from red dragon fruit Hylocereus polyrhizus
Authors: Zainal  , Laga A , Heriadi
Published: July 2021

Anthocyanin pigment extract from red dragon fruit has the potential to be a natural dye for food and can be used as an alternative to synthetic dyes that are safer for health. Anthocyanins are unstable and easily degraded during processing and storage due to the influence of heat, pH, light, and oxygen. This problem can be overcome by making anthocyanin coloring powders with encapsulation techniques. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the type of encapsulant on the physical and chemical characteristics of anthocyanin extract powder from red dragon fruit. The encapsulation process of anthocyanin pigment extract was done by using the freeze drying method with the addition of maltodextrin, gum arabic, and a combination of maltodextrin and gum arabic as encapsulant. The physical and chemical characteristics parameters of anthocyanin extract powder analyzed were moisture content, solubility, color intensity, total anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activity. The results showed that the anthocyanin extract powder encapsulated using the freeze drying method obtained the best results using maltodextrin encapsulant with the results of the test parameters: water content of 5.96%, the solubility of 94.00%, color intensity of 0.304, total anthocyanin content of 31.17 mgCyE/g, and 84.60% of antioxidant activity.
Combination of canvas business model and blue ocean strategy in developing SMEs Jus Pala Morella
Authors: Henaulu A K , Ardian S , Ely A J
Published: July 2021

This objective study to formulate and determine business strategies in an effort to develop SMEs Jus Pala Morella. With the abundance of nutmeg plantations in Leihitu District, especially in Morella Village, it is a good business opportunity to operate. There have been several types of the same business using products with the main ingredient being nutmeg, making the Tomasiwa Village Unit Cooperative as the main manager of the Jus Pala Morella products need to prepare careful planning to maintain market conditions. Canvas Business Model (CBM) is a tool that can be applied to restructure business planning. While the Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) is the right business strategy in mapping out competition. The results showed that Jus Pala Morella needed to plan back its business, among others; 1) making derivatives from nutmeg juice such as jam 35.7% of the respondents are very necessary, 50.1% of the statements really need to be made, and 37.5% of the respondents stated that it is very necessary to produce nutmeg syrup; 2) variations in the taste of nutmeg juice, there are 42.9% of respondents stated that it really needs to be produced; 3) Ease of sales information must be reviewed, there are 75% of respondents stated that managers must provide sales information services, do not expect consumers to notify other potential customers; 4) Discounts of 28.6% of respondents stated that it is very necessary if the mass sales process (in large quantities). 5) 43.3% of respondents stated that they needed to make other packages such as glass bottles, and 6) Reduce the use of natural preservatives as many as 34.8% of respondents said it is very necessary. In addition, with the same competitors, the strategy that must be taken into account by Tomasiswa Village Unit Cooperative is to redesign the packaging and make variations in flavors according to those in CBM and BOS. Discount and drop shippers need to be considered.
Effect of temperature and relative humidity on chemical analysis of red rice germination
Authors: Rahman A N F , Syarifuddin A , M R R S Amir
Published: July 2021

Germinated rice (GR) is known as nutritional rice due to the higher content of nutrients compared to the conventional brown rice, such as antioxidant i.e. gamma-amirobutyric acid (GABA), gamma-oryzanol, phenolic, and essential amino acid (lysine and niacine), 3 times vitamin B1 and B2, some minerals, and 4 times the dietary fiber. Generally, GR is made from germinated rice. However, in this research, the GR was made from germinated grain. The purpose of this study was to analyze the chemical properties (protein, carbohydrate, ash, fat, minerals (Fe, Mg, Mn), vitamins (B1, B2, B6), and antioxidant activity of GR which that germinated in various temperature and relative humidity (RH) condition. The method used in this research divided into two stages: first, determining the fastest germination time of temperature (room, 20 °C, and 30 °C) and RH (room, 70, 80, and 90%) treatments. The second, determining the effect of the best treatment on the chemical analysis germinating red rice. This study used a complete randomized design method with two replications. The results showed that temperature and RH influenced the chemical analysis of red rice germinated by increasing vitamin B6, ash content, carbohydrate content (room and 20 °C, 90% RH treatments), and fat content (30 °C, 90% RH treatment). But decreasing the protein, vitamin B1, and some minerals such as Fe, Mg and Mn compared to non-germinated red rice. In addition, all treatments had strong antioxidant activity.
Physicochemical characteristics and anthocyanin content of analog rice made from mocaf, mung beans (Vigna radiata), and purple corn (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Sada Zulfyani Putri , Mahendradatta Meta , Latief Rindam
Published: July 2021

Analog rice was made from various raw materials namely mocaf (modified cassava flour), mung bean (Vigna radiata) flour, and purple corn (Zea mays L) flour. The experimental design used was 3 treatments with ratio mocaf: mung bean flour: purple corn flour as follows, J1= 60%: 20%: 20%, J2= 50%: 20%: 30%, J3= 40%: 20%: 40%. Physical properties measurements were water absorption and swelling power. Sensory analysis was carried out to determine the preference of panelist on taste, odor, color, and texture. Based on sensory analysis the preferred formula was the product with ratio of mocaf: mung beans flour: purple corn flour; 40%: 20%: 40%. The most preferred product was then analyzed for its chemical properties namely proximate analysis and anthocyanin content. The result showed that the content of moisture, ash, carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber and anthocyanin in analog rice was 8.60%, 1.52%, 11.34%, 73.62%, 1.52%, 1.27%, and 27.15 mg CyE/g respectively and that content of cooked analog rice was 52.54%, 0.73%, 5.74%, 36.79%, 0.73%, 1.75%, and 8.45 mg CyE/g, respectively.
Plant-based milk Developed from Soy (Glycine max) Milk and Foxtail Millet (Setaria italica)
Authors: Fadly Dzul , Sutarno Wiwi Ulfairah , Muttalib Yuges Saputri , Muhajir Masturi , Mujahidah Fatimah Fitriani
Published: July 2021

The presence of lactose and casein content can exacerbate clinical symptoms in people with autism and lactose intolerance. Apart from casein, a low gluten diet can be given to people with autism and celiac disease. Thus, not everyone able to digest and consume dairy milk well. This study aimed to develop plant-based milk products based on soybean milk with the addition of foxtail millet. There were four beverage formulations, F0 (100% soy milk, 0% millet), F1 (90% soy milk, 10% millet), F2 (80% soy milk, 20% millet), and F3 (70% soy milk, 30% millet). A total of 25 semi-trained panelists were involved in this study. Plant-based milk of soy milk with the addition of 10% millet tended to have better hedonic and hedonic quality values than pure soy milk products and soy milk with 20% and 30% millet. The 100% soy milk product (F0) had a viscosity value of 1.07 ± 0.03 and increased along with more millet added, about 1.27 ± 0.02 - 1.58 ± 0.01 cp. Based on the statistical test, the addition of foxtail millet significantly affected the protein, fat, and ash content at α = 0.05. However, it did not significantly affect the carbohydrate, water, and energy content (p> 0.05). In addition, the calcium content might be improved in line with the addition of millet to soy milk. Plant-based milk formulated with soy milk and millet can be an alternative to dairy milk which contains better nutrients than whole soy milk.
Fresh noodles enriched with Coleus amboinicus Lour leaves to lower the premenstrual syndrome level
Authors: Fujiana Fitri , Gres Kristifanti , Muttalib Yuges Saputri , Salam Abdul , Wirawanti Ika Wirya , Fadly Dzul
Published: July 2021

Most women feel pain or discomfort when menstruation approaches. They usually feel a symptom called Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) before menstruation. The leaves ofColeus amboinicus Lourcan reduce complaints of premenstrual syndrome since these leaves are rich in fiber and minerals. This study aimed to develop a healthy food product for women with premenstrual syndrome. This study was an experiment with four fresh noodle formulations, F0 (400 g flour: 0 gC. amboinicus), F1 (340 g flour: 60 gC. amboinicus), F2 (320 g flour: 80 gC. amboinicus), and F3 (300 g flour: 100 gC. amboinicus). Organoleptic test results using the Visual Analog Scale method on 25 semi-trained panelists showed that the addition ofC amboinicusleaves, in general, did not affect the hedonic value and hedonic quality (α=0.05), except for the hedonic quality of color parameter (p <0.005). The leaves ofC amboinicusto fresh noodles also significantly decreased the value of fat content (p = 0.001) and tended to increase the carbohydrate content, although it was not statistically significant at α = 5%. Then, the mineral content of fresh noodles, particularly Fe, Ca, and Mg, can also be increased by addingC amboinicusleaves. In premenstrual syndrome, fat, carbohydrates, and minerals (Fe, Ca, and Mg) reduce premenstrual syndrome symptoms. Thus, the fresh noodles withC amboinicusleaves are suitable as a food alternative for women with premenstrual syndrome.
The potential application of red cabbage indicator film as smart packaging on tuna fillet
Authors: Agustianti D , Dirpan A , Syarifuddin A
Published: July 2021

Edible film made from chitosan used as a place of attachment of red cabbage pigment extract then formed in size (2 × 2) cm expressed as a smart indicator. This research uses ethanol 96% in the solvent extraction process with a method of maceration-sonication. Sensitivity indicators tested on samples of fish fillet of tuna in the wrapping plastic with the parameters of the analysis involves determining the number of TVBN, TMA and TPC and discoloration during testing from research results on temperature freezer (-6°C), cool temperature (10°C), and room temperature (28°C). The results showed that visually smart discoloration indicator from conditions early purple, blue, and then green. On the temperature of the freezer (-6°C) discoloration smart indicator has more time for 365 hours from purple to green, compared to the cool temperature (10°C) for 149 hours, and room temperature (28°C) for 31 hours. Discoloration on smart indicators occurs also increased the value of TVBN, TMA and TPC during storage at each temperature. The smart indicator pigmented red cabbage product has an excellent sensitivity with a plot purple representing the conditions of packaged fresh ingredients, blue (worth consumed), and green (foul).
The novel trend of bacterial cellulose as biodegradable and oxygen scavenging films for food packaging application : An integrative review
Authors: Kamaruddin I , Dirpan A , Bastian F
Published: July 2021

Excessive use of petroleum-based plastic packaging impacts environmental damage, so the development of biodegradable food packaging can be the solution. Bacterial Cellulose (BC) is an exopolysaccharide synthesized by several bacteria from the Acetobacteraceae family, which has the advantage of being a material in the blinding of biodegradable packaging films because of the high level of purity compared to cellulose from plants. This review aims to provide an overview of the potential for the development of BC as a primary material for producing biodegradable packaging films and expanding its application through the incorporation of oxygen scavenging agents to increase the dual function of food packaging. This study is expected to be able to encourage the increase in the use of sustainable packaging as a response to the issue of environmental damage, provide alternative technologies for increasing the shelf life of food through active scavenging systems, and expand the application of BC as raw material for food packaging.
Sensory acceptance and physicochemical profiles of Pempek Made with Narrow-barred Spanish Mackerel Fish Enriched with Broccoli and Red Cabbage
Authors: Saputri Nur Endah , Hidayah Nurul , Muttalib Yuges Saputri , Salam Abdul , Rahmawati  , Septiyanti
Published: July 2021

Food modification by adding vegetables to popular local foods such as pempek is expected to help overcome low vegetable consumption. This study aimed to develop pempek products made from narrow-barred spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) with the addition of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. Italica) and red cabbage (Brassica oleraceavar. Capitata forma rubra). It was an experimental study with a completely randomized design (CRD). There were 4 formulas for each type of pempek, F0 (0% vegetables), F1 (20% vegetables), F2 (40% vegetables), and F3 (60% vegetables). Based on the assessment of 25 semi-trained panelists using a Visual analog scale instrument on color, aroma, texture, taste, and aroma, both broccoli and red cabbage affected and increased significantly (p <0.05) almost all sensory acceptance parameters, except for the aroma parameter of broccoli pempek (P> 0.05). Through the texture analyzer instrument, the selected formula of vegetable pempek with the highest sensory acceptance (broccoli pempek F3 and red cabbage pempek F3) together with control pempek was declared to have a chewy texture. Based on Hunter’s color notation, it was revealed that the control pempek was brownish-white, the broccoli pempek was greenish-brown, and the red cabbage pempek was purple. Then, the addition of vegetables at the level of 60% affected the chemical properties of both vegetable pempek, in the parameters of water, ash, protein, carbohydrates, and dietary fiber, at α = 0.05. The three types of pempek did not show any difference in fat level due to the very low-fat content. Thus, vegetable pempek can be used as an alternative food to improve vegetable consumption.
Effect of decaffeination and re-fermentation on level of caffeine, chlorogenic acid and total acid in green bean robusta coffee
Authors: Sinaga Heppy Love Rida , Bastian Februadi , Syarifuddin Adiansyah
Published: July 2021

Caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and total acid are important compounds affecting the taste of coffee. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of decaffeination and re-fermentation on levels of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and total acid in green beans of robusta coffee. This study consisted of several treatments, namely: green beans without treatment, green beans re-fermentation without decaffeination, decaffeinated green beans without fermentation, and decaffeinated green beans of coffee by re-fermentation with the addition of mucilage analogs. The decaffeination process used the Swiss Water Process (SWP) method, and re-fermentation used a mucilage analog of the blend of purple sweet potato and passion fruit pulp. The caffeine and chlorogenic acid content were determined using UV-VIS spectrophotometry, and total acid was determined using acid-base titration methods. The results were showed that the decaffeination and re-fermentation processes affected the levels of caffeine, chlorogenic acid, and total acid of green bean coffee. Caffeine concentration ranged from 1.04% (green bean coffee without fermentation treatment) to 2.6% (green beans coffee without treatments). The results of the chlorogenic acid analysis showed that the highest amount of green beans coffee without treatment (2.13%) and the lowest found in advanced fermented green beans coffee without decaffeination (1.07%). According to the result of total acid, the highest total acid was green beans coffee without treatment (0.22%), and the lowest was decaffeinated green beans coffee without fermentation (0.16%).
Characterization edible films of sago with glycerol as a plasticizer
Authors: Lintang Meivie , Tandi Olvie , Layuk Payung , Karouw Steivie , Dirpan Andi
Published: July 2021

Sago is one of the local food districts of Sangihe archipelago, but its use is still limited to traditional products. Edible film of sago starch is one of the alternative products for increasing the added value of this commodity as well as an environmentally friendly packaging material. The research aims to obtain edible film from sago starch using CMC and glycerol. Edible film processing was carried out by mixing 5% sago starch, and CMC 0.5% w/v and glycerol variation 1; 1.25; 1.5; 1.75; 2; 3.75; (%v/v) at 65-70°C, molded and heated with oven at 60°C. Sago-based edible film can be made with the use of CMC and glycerol as plasticizers in various concentrations. Use of variation glycerol concentrations at CMC concentrations of 0.5% in edible film making significantly influenced properties of sago’s edible film such as thickness, WVTR value, tensile strength, and elongation. The increasing amounts of glycerol concentration tend to increase WVTR values, decrease tensile strength value, and decrease elongation values of sago’s edible film.
Performance and added value of brown sugar production in Rembang Regency
Authors: Basuki Seno , Wulanjari Munir Ety , Sahara Dewi , Anisa A
Published: July 2021

Sugar cane processing into brown sugar in Rembang Regency is done by home industries, This activity has been done for 100 days in a year based on sugarcane harvest period, Research has been conducted from May to November 2019 at the production center in Karangharjo Village, Sulang - Rembang with the aim to see the performance and added value of processing sugar cane into brown sugar, Data obtained through interviews and observations were analyzed descriptively by calculating the added value using the Hayami approach, The results showed that the processing of sugar cane into brown sugar by the home industry was still feasible with an added value of Rp, 2,308 per kg or 24.00 % at a market price of Rp, 7,400, Brown Sugar Processing, including labor-intensive activities with contributions of 72.20 %, is still carried out by employers because it can be a solution when sugar cane production from the farmer is less valued by the sugar factory, The industry production is sold to soy sauce company with simple requirements and cash payment.
The effects of baking on the quality attributes of dried beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)
Authors: Ambarsari I , Oktaningrum G N , Hartoyo B , Hermawan A
Published: July 2021

In the vegetable preservation process, baking treatment is commonly applied to enhance the end-product quality. This study was carried out to observe baking influences as an alternative pretreatment toward dried beetroot quality. A completely randomized design with different baking times (0, 15, 30, and 45 min) at 200°C was adjusted on beetroot before sliced and dried (50±5°C, 24 h). The result showed that baking treatments significantly affected the whole quality attributes of dried beetroot. There was an increase in anthocyanin, total phenolic, total sugar, and pigment intensity of dried beetroots with the more prolonged baking treatment. Dried beetroot prepared by 45 min baking treatment contained total anthocyanin 109.57 mg/100 g, total phenolic 8.66 mg/100 g, and total sugar 5.13%. Baking treatment for 45 min also resulted in intense color development of redness (a*) and yellowness (b*), although the lightness (L*) reduced due to dark color formation.
Existence of paddy fields in Makassar city as a part of green open space: Ecological perspective on urban farming
Authors: Yanti C W B , Ala A , Dungga N E , Arif S
Published: July 2021

Paddy fields are part of urban green open space which is now rarely found in big cities because it has been converted into built-up land. This study aims to study the existence of paddy fields in Makassar City in 2019 and to review their ecological function in CO2 absorption. Spatial analysis using the GIS method was used to map paddy fields that are still productive in 2019 in Makassar City. Analysis of CO2 uptake from the rice cultivation in this urban paddy fields was carried out using allometric equations. Mapping results show that recently, there are 1,473.58 hectares of paddy fields in Makassar City. These paddy fields are spread across seven districts, namely Tamalate, Rappocini, Tallo, Panakukkang, Manggala, Biringkanaya and Tamalanrea. Makassar City must provide a minimum of 5,273 ha of green open space. The existence of this paddy field contributes about 8.38% of the total minimum required green open space (30%) for Makassar City. The paddy fields in Makassar City, planted with rice as much as one to two times a year, will be able to absorb CO2 in the range of 5,814.16 to 10,243 tons per year. Thus, the existence of paddy fields in urban areas needs to be maintained to improve the quality of the urban environment.
Potential landslide-prone areas in The Kelara sub-watershed using the analytical hierarchy process method
Authors: Amin N , Lias S A , Ahmad A
Published: July 2021

Landslides are one of the geomorphological processes active in changing the shape of the earth’s surface. Landslides have an impact on life and the environment. This research will map the potential landslide-prone areas in The Kelara Sub-watershed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method. The method used in this research is the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the spatial analysis method. The potential for landslide-prone areas in The Kelara Sub-watershed has three potentials or levels of landslide vulnerability, namely low (2939.28 ha) (32.72%), medium (3082.78 ha) (34.32%), and high (2961.55 ha) (32.96%). Parameters that influence landslides in the Kelara Sub-watershed are slope parameters with a weight of 0.30 or a score of 30%.
Mapping of landslide-prone areas in the Lisu river basin Barru Regency based on binary logistic regression
Authors: Sudarman I G , Ahmad A
Published: July 2021

Barru Regency Government once issued an emergency response status for floods and landslides on December 28, 2018. According to data from the Barru Regency Regional Disaster Management Agency, from 2013 to 2019, there were always landslides in the Districts of Tanete Riaja, Pujananting, Tanete Rilau, and Barru. This area is included in the Lisu Watershed. This will produce a map of the distribution of the landslide-prone regions in the Lisu watershed. This study uses Binary Logistic Regression (BLR) and NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) analysis. The data used are landslide points, soil types, lithology, slopes, land use, rainfall, soil texture, and river distance. One hundred thirty-seven landslide points were recorded that were successfully obtained through field surveys and NDVI image analysis. The research area has a type B climate according to the Schmidt-Ferguson classification system. The variables of rainfall, land-use class, lithology type, and slope class significantly affect regression modeling with significance values of 0.042, 0.000, 0.003, and 0.000, respectively. Variables of rainfall, distance from the river, slope class, lithology type, and land use class significantly affect regression modeling. Landslides occur on slopes from rather steep to very steep slopes. A total of 60 landslides occurred in the Camba Formation. A total of 93 landslides occurred in the scrub land-use class. Landslide-prone areas with a slightly hazardous class covering an area of 4386 hectares, 4031 hectares of prone, and 4275 hectares of very prone areas are generally scattered in the Lisu River Basin’s southern region.
Modification of land requirements (soil and climate) for specific growth of pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in East Luwu Regency
Authors: Rusmin M S , Lopulisa C , Neswati R
Published: July 2021

Efforts to increase the productivity of the pepper plant in East Luwu Regency as a leading plantation commodity efficiently can be done through the development of the pepper commodity on suitable lands to achieve optimal productivity. The land suitability criteria for modified pepper plants was based on the Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Development and Research. This study aims to modify the land suitability criteria for specific locations in East Luwu Regency. The method used in determining the range of land suitability criteria is the deductive method. The location points were determined by purposive sampling technique, namely at locations with high, medium, and low pepper production. The results showed that the range of location climatic characteristics criteria, among others, rainfall (mm) >2.000 were classified as S1 (very suitable), <2,000 and > 3,000 were classified as unsuitable (N). The daily mean temperature of 22.6-32.1°C classified as very suitable (S1), and >34°C classified as unsuitable (N). The characteristics of the landscape and soil include 3-8% slope, good and moderate drainage, medium texture, slightly fine and fine, coarse fragments <5%, soil depth > 100 cm, pH H2O 5.6-<6 and C-organic >1.9% is classified as very suitable (S1), while slope> 30% with very inhibited and fast drainage, coarse texture, coarse fragments> 5%, soil depth <50 cm, pH H2O <5.2 and >8.0, with content c-organic <0.4% is classified as unsuitable (N).
The Effectiveness of filtrate culture with Fusarium spp. fungi and against Meloidogyne spp. nematodes by in-vitro tomato plants
Authors: Ramadhan M N , Amin N , Nasruddin A
Published: July 2021

Parasitic nematodes are one of the essential plant pests that attack various types of cultivated plants. In Indonesia, 26 species of parasitic nematodes that attack food crops, horticulture and plantations have been identified. One such nematode, Meloidogyne, is the most destructive parasitic nematode. The utilization of other microorganisms as natural enemies of nematodes from the fungal group can be used as biological agents. We conducted this research at the Laboratory of Disease, Department of Pests and Plant Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University Makassar. This study aims to determine the ability of Fusarium spp. Fungal isolate could be added with liquid media (Gliotoxin fermentation media (GFM), Potato dextrose broth (PDB), and water) and the time required to cause juvenile mortality II root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). The results showed that the application of Fusarium isolate (Fusarium spp.) and the given liquid media was able to cause juvenile mortality of root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne sp.). Moreover, the time required by Fusarium spp. Fungi and liquid media to cause nematode mortality was 24 hours, but the highest mortality occurred at 9 (jst) hours after application, namely 7.74% at the BNJ test level of 0.05%.
Antagonistic activity of volatile organic compounds of endophytic bacteria from sword brake fern (Pteris ensiformis) against soil-borne fungal pathogens
Authors: Munif A , Asmoro P P
Published: July 2021

The use of endophytic bacteria in the control of plant diseases, especially soil pathogenic fungi such as showed good results. Endophytic bacteria have various mechanisms to control plant pathogen, but the mechanism of endophytic bacteria in producing volatile organic compounds (VOCs) has not been widely studied. The objective of this research was to evaluated the antagonistic activity of VOCs produced by endophytic bacteria from the nail sword (Pteris ensiformis) aginst three soil borne pathogen fungus, R. solani, S. rolfsii and Fusarium sp. Endophytic bacterial isolates used were APE15, APE22, APE33, and APE35. The study was conducted by cupping method to determine the inhibition of endophytic bacteria VOCs against three soil borne fungal pathogens. GC-MS analysis was conducted to determine the content of volatile compounds produced by endophytic bacteria. The results showed that four endophytic bacterial isolates can inhibited R. solani growth (92.11%-96.05%), S.rolfsii (87.28%-93.10%), and Fusarium sp. (27.73%-57.55%). The GC-MS analysis showed that there were several antifungal compounds detected i.e. octanal, cytronellyl acetate, silane, 9-octacenamide, n-dimetylpalmitamide, and isobutyryl chloride. Octanal was presumed as the most influential compound that inhibited the three soil borne fungal pathogens because it was a dominant compound was detected.
The synergy of Calotropis gigantea and Cresscentia cujete plant extracts as an inhibitor of egg hatching and antifeedant against Spodoptera frugiperda
Authors: Aprialty A S , Sjam S , Dewi V S , Agustina Y E
Published: July 2021

Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that has spread in various countries including Indonesia. S. frugiperda has many hosts but a high interest in maize. This study for determining the ability of Calotropis gigantea extract, Cresscentia cujete extract and mixed extracts in inhibiting the ability of S. frugiperda eggs to hatch and inhibiting the eating activity of S. frugiperda. The research has been done at the Pesticides and Natural Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University. Observations were carried out by examination various concentrations (2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, and 10%) extracts of C. gigantea and C. cujete, while mixed extract with a concentration of 7.5% on the ovicidal ability and feeding inhibition of S. frugiperda larvae. The results showed that treatment with a concentration of 10% C. gigantea extract had an ovicidal effect percentage of 74.58% while the antifeedant percentage was 64.40%. Treatment extract of C. cujete with a concentration of 10% had an ovicidal effect percentage of 90.99% while the antifeedant percentage was 70.05%. Treatment with mixed extract with a concentration of 7.5% had an ovicidal effect percentage of 91.7% while the antifeedant percentage was 85.26%. The conclusion is the existence synergy between C. gigantea and C. cujete extracts had showed that the ovicidal effect and antifeedant activity will be even higher to S. frugiperda.
Isolation and antagonism of chitinolytic bacteria from Ipomea pes caprae against Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae
Authors: Bahar A K F , Patandjengi B , Nasruddin A , Membalik V
Published: July 2021

Chitin is the main component of fungal cell walls. The growth of fungi can be inhibited by chitinolytic bacteria because they can produce chitinase enzymes which play a role in degrading cell walls. The purpose of this study was to test the activity of bacteria isolated from the roots of Ipomea pes caprae in inhibiting the growth of the fungus Lasiodiplodia pseudothebromae. The research method was carried out by isolating as much as 5 g of I. pes caprae roots using specific media and testing for bacterial antagonism using a dual culture method. The results showed that there were four isolate codes obtained namely IPaR1, IPaR4, IPpA2, and IPpA3 and could inhibit the growth of Lasiodiplodia pseudtheobromae.
The presence of refugia and population of insect pest in rice field
Authors: Aminah S N , Nasruddin A , Annisaa N W , Abdullah T , Fatahuddin
Published: July 2021

Refugia is a type of plant playing the role as a food source and shelter for natural enemies in extreme environmental conditions. Legumes, food plants and flowering plants are used as refugia. The purpose of the research is to study the dominant pest population in the embankment of rice fields planted with refugia. The research was conducted in Tanasitolo village, South Sulawesi from June to November 2017. The study used a Randomized Block Design of five treatments and repeated it four times. The research was started by planting several different plants as refugia in the embankment of rice fields, namely: P0 = embankment without plant (control); P1 = maize and soybean in embankment; P2 = flowering plants in embankment; P3 = taro and banana in embankment; and P4 = long beans in embankment. The results showed that rice fields used various plants as refugia, the insect population was in the lowest number. The results showed thatValangasp. were not found in P1 when the rice was 56 and 63 days after planting. The number ofNephotettix virescens(0.5 individuals) when the rice was 42 days after planting.Leptocorisa acutahas the lowest population at P1 and P3 in the age 84 days after planting (10.5 individuals). The conclusion of the experiment is the lowest population of grasshopperL. migratoriain rice age 56 and 63 days after planting was showed P1 (maize and soybean). The lowest population of green leafhopperN. virescensin the rice age 42 days after planting showed in the treatment P1 (maize and soybean). In the rice age in the 84 days after planting with treatment P1 (maize and soybean) and P3 (taro and bananas) showed a very low population.
The existence of pests and its natural enemies on various embankment plants in the rice field ecosystem
Authors: Desriani  , Nurariaty A , dewi V S
Published: July 2021

The stability of the rice field ecosystem is not only determined by the diversity of community structures but also by the characteristics and interactions of the components. This study aims to determine the diversity of insect pests and its natural enemies in the rice. field ecosystem in Marannu village, Mattirobulu district, Pinrang regency, South Sulawesi Province, from July to October 2020. The types of embankment plants were treated, namely cucumbers (Cucumis sativus), corn (Zea mays), long beans (Vigna unguicula) and zinnia flowers (Zinnia elegans). Sampling using an insect net and a pitt-fall trap is then put into a plastic tick and identified. The results showed that there were three parasitoid species from the same order and ten predatory species from six different orders. The dominant parasitoid species was Trichogramma sp., While the largest predator was Lasius niger. In addition, 18 species of pests from six orders were found.
Rapid detection of Burkholderia glumae causal agent of grain rot disease in rice seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi using ELISA
Authors: Darmawan A A , Kuswinanti T , Asman A
Published: July 2021

Bacterial grain rot in rice plants caused by Burkholderia glumae becomes a serious threat because it is a seed borne pathogen that causes severe damage to rice plantations in several regency at South Sulawesi. This study aimed to rapidly detect of B. glumae causal agent of grain rot disease in rice seed from Gowa Regency, South Sulawesi. Samples were obtained in 10 districts in the main rice producing areas of Gowa regency, South Sulawesi. Sampling using Non Probability Sampling method. 10 Samples that showing grain rot symptoms were detected using Indirect ELISA test with monoclonal antibody. The detection results shown that 9 out of 10 districts are confirmed positive for B. glumae bacteria.
Diversity of arthropods on coffee arabica plantation side-grafting robusta variety in South of Sulawesi
Authors: Sulaeha S , Agus N , Fatima S , Reta  , Sjam S. , Melina M
Published: July 2021

The world market demand for Arabica coffee is relatively high at this time, South of Sulawesi had the opportunity to return to its glory in the 19th century as the largest exporter of Arabica coffee from the Dutch East Indies outside Java island in Indonesian to several countries. One factor to consider is the presence of production inhibitors, which is the threat potential of pests. So far, there are no precise data on the distribution and intensity of the major pest attack in each area of coffee in South Sulawesi. This makes decision-making for pest management and crop management challenging under different climatic and geographic conditions. Thus, this study aims to identify and analyze the main types of pest that attack coffee plants according to their location, climate and geographic conditions. The exploration of arthropod abundance in the field involves four methods: direct observation, sweep net, light trap, and direct observation techniques. Observations for 5 weeks of observation. The diversity of arthropods was observed in the coffee culture using Sweep Net, Pitt Fall, Light Trap and direct observation traps. The value of the Shannon Index Diversity Index (H’) was 2.9490 or moderate ecosystem. This shows that environmental conditions, productivity, ecosystem conditions, and ecological pressures in the coffee plantation area in Bontotenga Village are still quite balanced. According to their role in nature, the density of populations revealed the composition of pest insects 59%, natural enemies (predators and parasitoids) 38% and pathogenic vectors 3% of individuals found 586 individuals.
Production of the chitinase by Beauveria bassiana in infecting Tribolium castaneum
Authors: Sepe M , Daud I D , Gassa A , Firdaus
Published: July 2021

Beauveria bassiana is one of the microorganisms that produce the enzyme chitinase. Chitinase has a high economic value which is widely used as a biocontrol agent because it can degrade chitin into an environmentally friendly product. The aim of the study was to investigate the production of chitinase by B. bassiana isolate in the presence of the cuticle of T. castaneum. In this study, the isolates of B. bassiana were cultured into potato dextrose agar. Further isolation, purification, and determination of the activity of chitinase. The results show that chitinase can be obtained from B. bassiana isolate derived from T. castaneum by using chitin colloidal substrate. The highest average specific activity of chitinase originating from isolated B. bassiana was 1 Unit/mg. Protein test using standard BSA solution and Lowry method obtained reading results with a spectrophotometer that was r = 0.9925.