bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aggressive Osteoclastoma of Sphenoid Sinus: A Rare Surgical Case Report
Authors: Kumar Narendra , Krishnan G Sundhar
Published: July 2019

The giant cell tumor (GCT) or osteoclastoma is considered to be a locally aggressive benign tumor. The GCTs of the cranium represent only 1% of all GCTs and preferentially affect the sphenoid and temporal bones. We report a case of an 18-year-old male who presented with headache and diplopia. Radiological investigation shows a destructive midline mass involving the body of the sphenoid. The tumor was debulked endoscopically and histopathology reported as osteoclastoma of sphenoid sinus. Radiotherapy and zoledronate was given. We report this case due to its extreme aggressive nature of growth, which is a challenge to treat, and unique presentation in teenaged male, which is rare.

How to cite this article

Krishnan GS, Kumar N. Aggressive Osteoclastoma of Sphenoid Sinus: A Rare Surgical Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):68-71.
Orbitoethmoid Metallic Foreign Body
Authors: Belsare Gauri , Nair Archana S , Sakhale Snehal
Published: July 2019

Intraorbital foreign body extending to sinuses is rare; often such cases are associated with multiple ocular and orbital morbidities. Retained organic foreign bodies can cause severe inflammation and are detected earlier, whereas inorganic foreign bodies are inert and well tolerated except copper. The management of posteriorly located orbital foreign bodies is a therapeutic dilemma. We report an unusual case of posterior orbital foreign body extending to the ethmoids and sphenoid sinus exclusively removed by transnasal endoscopic approach. Transnasal endoscopic approach can be used as an effective and efficient approach for the removal of orbital foreign bodies lodged on the medial side of the orbit. This approach is recommended in all the cases of foreign bodies in the craniofacial region provided that it is approachable through endoscope and expertise and facilities are available.

How to cite this article

Belsare G, Nair AS, Sakhale S. Orbitoethmoid Metallic Foreign Body. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(2):84-87.
A Rare Case of Postauricular Fistula communicating with the Parotid Duct
Authors: Chaitanya Avinash
Published: July 2019

Embryological remnants of branchial clefts present as sinuses, cysts, and fistulae. They are usually encountered in the preauricular or postauricular area or high in the neck. Fistulas of the parotid gland are uncommon and result from either ductal or parenchymal injury. In this case report, we present a rare case of parotid fistula with postauricular opening. Fistulous tract was identified with sinogram and removed with 2 cm tract along with superficial parotidectomy.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Chaitanya A, Mohindroo NK, Azad R. A Rare Case of Postauricular Fistula communicating with the Parotid Duct. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):109-110.
Plunging Ranula mimicking Extensive Submandibular Gland Abscess: A Diagnostic Challenge
Authors: Razali Mohd Sayuti , Esa Kamaruzaman B
Published: July 2019

Ranula is a salivary gland cyst that typically presents as localized superficial swelling over the floor of the mouth. Complex or plunging ranulas develop when the mucus extravasation extends through or around the mylohyoid muscle, deeper into the neck, and present with neck lump along with or without swelling over the floor of mouth. It is not a straightforward diagnosis in case of superimposed infection as it will resemble a submandibular gland abscess clinically and radiologically. We report here a case of large plunging ranula, which initially diagnosed radiologically as submandibular gland abscess with extension to parapharyngeal space.

How to cite this article

Amiruddin S, Razali MS, Esa KB. Plunging Ranula mimicking Extensive Submandibular Gland Abscess: A Diagnostic Challenge. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2016;8(3):119-121.
Petechial Hemorrhage of Tympanic Membrane in a Case of Attempted Suicide by Hanging: A Sign of Severity
Authors: Kurien Mary , Stephen Vijay , Abraham Shobin S , Naik Paresh P
Published: July 2019

Assessment of a patient who has attempted suicide by hanging is an important emergency room call for an otorhinolaryngologist. As a norm, it is the neck that is assessed first in such a patient. Here, we discuss the otoscopic findings of petechiae of the tympanic membrane in these patients, which will help in finding the severity of the hanging, which in turn will be helpful to provide round-the-clock careful vigilant care for these patients.

How to cite this article

Stephen V, Abraham SS, Naik PP, Kurien M. Petechial Hemorrhage of Tympanic Membrane in a Case of Attempted Suicide by Hanging: A Sign of Severity. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2017;9(1):15-16.
Epidemiology of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India
Authors: Karim Rezaul , Umashankar KM , Mukherjee Jayeeta , Cristy Ramya , Seal Bhaskarananda , Ray Chaitali D , Bandyopadhyay Sambhunath , Biswas Jhuma
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The prevalence of infertility in the general population is 15 to 20%. Of this, the male factor is responsible for 20 to 40%. In Indian couples seeking treatment, the male factor is the cause in approximately 23% of the cases. In a World Health Organization multicenter study, 45% of infertile men were found to have either oligozoospermia or azoospermia. A study from a tertiary care hospital in India reported 58% azoospermia and 24% oligozoospermia in infertile men.

Aims and objectives

To analyze the epidemiology of male infertility.

Results

In this study of 100 cases of male infertility, 64% of the patients are in the age group 25 to 35 years, 31% of the patients are in the age group of >35 to 45 years, 4% of the patients are in the age group of more than 45 years, and 1% of the patients are in the age group of <25 years. Of the total patients, 34% (n = 37) are business people, 5% (n = 5) are clerks, 2% (n = 2) are contractors, 13% (n = 13) are drivers, 2% (n = 2) are factory workers, 6% (n = 6) are farmers, 5% (n = 5)are government workers, 3% (n = 3) each are hotel workers and jute mill workers, and 2% (n = 2) each are laborers, painters, and tea stall workers.

Conclusion

Male infertility is multifactorial: Age, occupation, and habits have a significant impact on the seminal parameters. Modifiable behaviors like cessation of smoking and alcohol are cost-effective in normalizing the semen parameters and thereby restoring fertility.

How to cite this article

Umashankar KM, Mukherjee J, Cristy R, Seal B, Karim R, Ray CD, Bandyopadhyay S, Biswas J. Epidemiology of Male Infertility at a Tertiary Hospital in Eastern India. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):101-106.
Classification of Cesarean Sections in Small Private Maternity Hospitals as assessed by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada)
Authors: Atnurkar Kishore Bhanudasrao , Mahale Arun Ramkrishnarao
Published: July 2019

Aims

To assess 15 years’ cesarean section data from small private maternity hospitals by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). To identify the groups that need to be focused to reduce the cesarean section rate.

Materials and methods

Classification of 7,342 cesarean section cases carried out over a period of 15 years from different small private maternity hospitals run by a single obstetrician was done using the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). The contribution made by each group and subgroup was studied.

Results

About 50% of cesarean section cases occur in groups 1 and 2. The second largest group was group 5 (28.61%). A little over three-fourth of the contribution (78.12%) was made by nulliparous and previous cesarean section cases done at term with cephalic presentation. About one-tenth of the total cases belonged to the group of multiparous women.

Conclusion

The Modified Robson Criteria give us more clarity and allow perfect targeting. It is necessary to target group 1, 2B, and 5C to bring down the cesarean section rate in private maternity hospitals as the total of these subgroups makes it to little over 60%.

How to cite this article

Atnurkar KB, Mahale AR. Classification of Cesarean Sections in Small Private Maternity Hospitals as assessed by the Modified Robson Criteria (Canada). J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):107-112.
Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Patients presenting with Vaginal Discharge in a Sri Lankan Setting
Authors: Weerasekera Manjula Manoji , Gunasekara TD Chinthika P , Kottachchi Janani , Wijesuriya Tishani Methsela , Bogahawatta Achala
Published: July 2019

Background

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is a common infection among women. Due to the emerging role of nonalbicans Candida in VVC, it is important to periodically investigate the proportions of infection caused by different Candida species and antifungal resistance patterns.

Aims

This study aims to determine the frequency of occurrence of VVC in women presenting with vaginal discharge, possible risk factors associated with the disease, and antifungal susceptibility pattern of the isolates of Candida.

Materials and methods

High vaginal swabs from 158 women presenting with vaginal discharge at the gynecology clinic of Colombo South Teaching Hospital were studied. Ethical approval was granted from the Ethical Review Committee of the University of Sri Jayewardenepura (No.: 722/13). After species identification, antifungal susceptibility tests were performed using a standard disk diffusion technique. Probable risk factors for the infection were assessed using an intervieweradministered questionnaire. Statistical analysis was performed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), using chi-square tests. All inferential statistics were tested at p < 0.05.

Results

Candida albicans was isolated in 34 patients (22%), and Candida famata was isolated from one patient. All direct microscopy-positive specimens were also culture positive. All the isolates were susceptible to antifungals tested. Among the study population, oral contraceptives (OCP) were used in 11% (n = 17) of patients (p = 0.001). Fourteen (40%) of 35 Candida positive patients had diabetes mellitus (p < 0.05).

Conclusion

Candida albicans was the commonest species isolated from VVC in a Sri Lankan setting. The infection can safely be treated with commonly used antifungals. Diabetes mellitus and use of OCP are associated risk factors.

How to cite this article

Weerasekera MM, Gunasekara TDCP, Fernando N, Kottachchi J, Wijesuriya TM, Bogahawatta A, Pathiraja R. Vulvovaginal Candidiasis in Patients presenting with Vaginal Discharge in a Sri Lankan Setting. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):123-126.
Pattern of Changes in Semen Characteristics in Subfertile Males of South Asian Subcontinent: Analysis of 1,000 Semen Samples
Authors: Malhotra Narendra , Mahmud Nusrat , Khan Haroon Latif
Published: July 2019

Aim

To investigate and compare whether semen quality has changed in South Asian subfertile males attending three different infertility units.

Objectives

To characterize the semen parameters of subfertile men in South Asian region and to study the prevalence of abnormal semen parameters of subfertile males of South Asian subcontinent.

Materials and methods

Study period — January 2014 to December 2014.

Setting:

Centre for Assisted Reproduction, BIRDEM, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Malhotra Nursing Home, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India

Lahore Institute of Fertility and Endocrinology, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan

The possible decline in semen parameters related to male fertility was evaluated by determining the volume, sperm count, motility, viability, and morphology in individuals attending infertility clinics. WHO 2004 initially and then WHO 2010 criteria were used to analyze the semen sample.

Results

There was no significant age difference among the participants from three different countries. There was significant increase rate of azoopsermia in all the population groups especially in Bangladeshi population. Necrozospermia (100%) immotile sperm is higher in Pakistani populations compare to Bangladeshis and Indians. Normal sperm parameters (Normozoospermia) rate is compatible in Pakistani and Indian male but lower rate is noted in Bangladeshi population.

No significant changes were noted in oligozospermia group but significant changes in asthenozospermia noted in Bangladeshi population compare two other two countries

Statistical analysis

Statistical analysis were performed by using Statistical Software Package (SAS) version 9.1.3 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA).

Conclusion

Our finding suggested that the values of sperm parameters were in agreement with WHO criteria, significantly different in subfertile men of this region.

A further study with good quality collaborative long term research should be carried out, including aspects such as semen quality, reproductive hormones and xenobiotics as well as a strict definition of fecundity in this region is needed.

How to cite this article

Mahmud N, Malhotra N, Malhotra J, Khan HL. Pattern of Changes in Semen Characteristics in Subfertile Males of South Asian Subcontinent: Analysis of 1,000 Semen Samples. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):145-148.
Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy
Authors: Ramji Bharath , Karthikeyan Kavitha , Swaminathan Prabha , Nalini Amrita Priscilla , Thatheus Annie
Published: July 2019

This study was done to find the prevalence of newly diagnosed thyroid dysfunction in early pregnancy in patients attending the antenatal clinic and to emphasize the need for routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy. Free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels were measured and cut-off levels set at FT4 0.86—1.86 ng/dl, TSH 0.1—2.5 mIU/l in 1st trimester, TSH 0.1—3 mIU/l in 2nd and 3rd trimesters. A total of 956 pregnant women were screened in 1st trimester after excluding patients with known thyroid dysfunction. About 13.2% were diagnosed as hypothyroid and 1.6% as hyperthyroid. Incidence in high-risk patients was 21.7% and in low-risk was 10.4%. High-risk factors have a strong association for hypothyroidism (p < 0.001). Screening only high-risk patients will miss a significant number of patients seen positive in the low-risk group. Hence, it is essential to do routine screening for thyroid dysfunction in pregnancy.

How to cite this article

Karthikeyan K, Swaminatan P, Nalini AP, Ramji B, Thatheus A. Screening for Thyroid Dysfunction in 1st Trimester of Pregnancy. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(2):154-156.
Excessive Early Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Vasantha K , Menon Maya
Published: July 2019

Objectives

To study the association between excessive early pregnancy weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Materials and methods

Study design-prospective observational study done at ESIC Medical College & PGIMSR, Chennai during the period November 2013 to May 2015. A total of 250 women who attended antenatal outpatient department at ESI Hospital Chennai were recruited for the study. Height and weight of the pregnant women was recorded during their first visit (up to 6 weeks) and at 14 weeks of gestation. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated according to Quetelet index. Waist hip ratio was measured at 6 weeks. The early gestation weight gain more than 2 kg was considered as excessive weight gain and was associated to the risk of developing GDM. Blood sugar was estimated using Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group Index (DIPSI) standards.

Results

Of the 250 women studied, 104 women developed GDM. Excessive weight gain in the 1st trimester of pregnancy was significantly associated with the development of GDM with a p-value of 0.000. The other risk factors studied were BMI (p = 0.0064), waist/hip ratio (p = 0.0015), family history of diabetes mellitus (DM) (p = 0.00), which also had a significant association.

Clinical significance

This study shows that excessive weight gain in 1st trimester had an increased risk of GDM. The benefit of early identification of excess gestational weight gain would be the opportunity for intervention early in pregnancy to ideally decrease GDM.

Conclusion

Excessive early pregnancy weight gain, primarily in the 1st trimester may increase the risk of developing GDM. Thus, preventing excessive early pregnancy weight gain in the 1st trimester can be modified by lifestyle changes and simple exercise, which is a costless intervention, and can also decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity effectively.

How to cite this article

Menon M, Vasantha K. Excessive Early Pregnancy Weight Gain and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):189-192.
Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Pelvic Organ Prolapse in Reproductive Age Group and Study of Abdominal Sling Surgeries done for It, with respect to Early Complications, Anatomical Results, and Symptoms of Descent
Authors: Lakshmidevi M , Sheela HS
Published: July 2019

Introduction

The purpose of a conservative procedure is the correction and restoration of the prolapse with the most effective long-lasting result, which allows sexual functioning and, for young patients, conservation of reproduction.

Objectives

To study the risk factors for prolapse in reproductive age group; to study various conservative surgeries done for pelvic organ prolapse (POP).

Materials and methods

This is a retrospective study conducted on patients presenting with pelvic organ prolapse in reproductive age group, at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Center, from June 2008 to June 2014.

Results

We identified 68 women with uterovaginal prolapse in reproductive age group who underwent conservative surgeries: 26 (18%) underwent Virkud's surgery, 20 (29.4%) underwent Shirodkar's sling surgery, and 22 (32.3%) underwent Purandare's sling surgery.

There was no major difference in intraoperative and postoperative details in all three surgeries. Postoperative improvement in symptoms was 16 (80%) in Shirodkar's group, 20 (90%) in Virkud's composite sling surgery, and 16 (61.5%) in anterior abdominal wall cervicopexy surgery.

Conclusion

Obstetric risk factors are the major contributing factors for pelvic organ prolapse in the reproductive age group. Proper intranatal care will help in reducing the problem; all the conservative surgeries have similar intraoperative, postoperative morbidity and are similar with respect to early anatomical correction. Urinary tract infection and urinary retention were more in anterior abdominal wall hysteropexy group; Patient's satisfaction and success rate is more in Sacropexy and Virkud's composite surgery group compared to anterior abdominal wall hysteropexy group.

How to cite this article

Lakshmidevi M, Venkatesh S, Sheela HS. Clinical Study on Risk Factors of Pelvic Organ Prola in Reproductive Age Group and Study of Abdominal Sling Surgeries done for It, with respect to Early Complications, Anatomical Results, and Symptoms of Descent. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):202-206.
A New Way of Evaluating Cesarean Section Birth: The Robson's Ten Group Classification System
Authors: Bhati Indra , Jha Akriti , Agarwal Nishu
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Cesarean section (CS) is the most common obstetric surgery and one of the most rewarding surgeries performed. The number of CSs has been growing rapidly, and concern has been expressed at the growing rate in some countries, with some referring to it as an emerging “global epidemic.”

Aim

The purpose of this study was to study the incidence and analyze different indications of CS in our institution and to compare the frequency of CS in Robson's ten group classification system (TGCS).

Materials and methods

A prospective hospital-based study for a duration of 3 months (January 2012 to March 2012) was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Umaid Hospital, Jodhpur. All patients admitted beyond 20 weeks gestation were included in the study, and record of all births during this period was evaluated. Each delivery was then classified into one of ten mutually exclusive categories according to obstetric characteristics. The information was used to identify the group that accounted for largest proportion of women or group that contributed most to CS and identify the areas for potential modification.

Results

We found cesarean rate of 28.6% during our study period, which is well above the World Health Organization guidelines. Group V (single, term, cephalic, previous CS) was the largest contributor to CS rates (30.4%). Groups I and II were the 2nd and 3rd largest contributors, i.e., 27.5 and 17.5% respectively. Maximum CS rate of 100% was found in group IX (abnormal lie), which was within the expected range. Group 2 had CS rate more than that of group I, and IV had a rate more than that of group I, which indicates that induction and cesarean before labor increases cesarean rate in both multiparous and nulliparous women. In our study, Robson's TGCS demonstrated the need to focus on groups I, II, III, and V because the contribution of these groups to overall cesarean rate was 82%.

Clinical significance

Ten group classification system was found to be a useful framework for auditing and analyzing different CS rates and their reasons. This will help in not only identifying the priority areas for the changes in clinical practice but also reducing cesarean rate.

How to cite this article

Bhati I, Jha A, Agarwal N. A New Way of Evaluating Cesarean Section Birth: The Robson's Ten Group Classification System. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):212-216.
Zika Virus: The Current Threat
Authors: Garg Ruchika , Mahajan Priya , Dhiman Soniya
Published: July 2019

Mosquito-borne infections and viral outbreaks have bewildered physicians and population at large from time to time. Zika virus and its vector Aedes aegypti are currently bothering the world population, and this infection has affected pregnant women causing microcephaly in their newborns and also has caused Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)-like manifestations in affected individuals. Currently, the outbreak is concentrated in the countries of South American continent, but the omnipresence of its vector has made the world community cautious about the potential of its spread; thus the great emphasis is on prevention and vector control strategies to counter Zika virus attack. Consequently, Ministry of Health, Government of India has also taken cognizance of this and issued guidelines to tackle this problem.

How to cite this article

Garg R, Singh R, Mahajan P, Dhiman S. Zika Virus: The Current Threat. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2016;8(3):217-221.
Maternal Outcome with Discontinuation of Magnesium Sulfate immediately Postpartum in Severe Preeclampsia
Authors: Bano Imam , Gade Pramod R , Alvi Yasir
Published: July 2019

Objective

To assess the effectiveness of discontinuation of magnesium sulfate (MgSO4) infusion in patients with severe preeclampsia immediately postdelivery.

Materials and methods

In a prospective-randomized study, women with severe preeclampsia attending the Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Aligarh, India, between January 2013 and September 2014 were enrolled. The inclusion criteria were blood pressure of at least 160/110 mm Hg after 24 weeks and either of the following: Proteinuria (dipstick value. 1), platelet <100,000, and serum transaminase levels twice as normal. Participants were assigned to control and study groups according to the time of enrollment (6-month blocks). All patients received MgSO4 loading dose (4 gm intravenously), followed by maintenance doses (1 gm/hour) until delivery (study group) and 24 hours (control group). The primary outcome was occurrence of convulsions after completion of MgSO4 therapy. Patients with treatment failure were excluded from analyses.

Results

Analyses included 48 patients in the study group and 43 patients in the control group. No convulsions occurred in either group after the completion of treatment. Conclusion: For women with severe preeclampsia, discontinuing MgSO4 immediately after delivery could effectively prevent convulsions.

How to cite this article

Anjum S, Gade PR, Garg N, Bano I, Alvi Y. Maternal Outcome with Discontinuation of Magnesium Sulfate immediately Postpartum in Severe Preeclampsia. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):78-81.
Preoperative and Postoperative Postvoid Residual Urine Volume in Urogenital Prolapse: A Comparative Study
Authors: Shashikumar NS
Published: July 2019

Objectives

The objectives of the present study were to compare pre- and postoperative postvoid residual urine (PVR) volume, to know the correlation of PVR to urinary symptoms and prolapse, and also to assess the role of vaginal hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy in relieving urinary disturbances.

Materials and methods

The study was done at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Medical Sciences, B.G. Nagara, Mandya, India, from November 2010 to May 2012. In this study, 100 women with pelvic organ prolapse were included. Detailed history was noted, and thorough examination was done. Ultrasound measurements of PVR urine volume was done to all cases preoperatively and on 5th postoperative day. All cases underwent vaginal hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy. The PVR urine volume >50 mL was considered significant.

Results

Patients belonged to the age group of 30 to 75 years. Majority were in the age group of 50 to 59 years. Out of 100 cases, 42 had preoperative PVR volume >50 mL and 58 cases <50 mL. Out of 100 cases, 58 had third-degree descent, 21 had second-degree descent, and 21 had procidentia according to Shaw's classification. Urinary symptoms like incomplete emptying (57 cases), straining to void (52 cases), poor stream (34 cases), need to reduce prolapse before voiding (32 cases), hesitancy (25 cases), and intermittent stream (11 cases) were associated with prolapse. Stress incontinence and urge incontinence were present in 28 and 46 cases respectively. Urinary disturbances were associated with majority of the cases who had PVR > 50 mL. Postoperatively, 9 cases had PVR volume > 50 mL. Out of those, 8 cases developed stress urinary incontinence (SUI) during follow-up. One case was lost to follow-up.

Conclusion

Urinary disturbances are more commonly seen in genital organ prolapse. Raised PVR was significantly associated with increased degrees of prolapse as well as urinary disturbances. The SUI increases with increasing PVR volume. Vaginal hysterectomy and anterior colporrhaphy were effective procedures in reducing elevated PVR and urinary disturbances in prolapse patients. There is a need for long-term follow-up for these cases.

How to cite this article

Shashikumar NS, Dutta I. Preoperative and Postoperative Postvoid Residual Urine Volume in Urogenital Prolapse: A Comparative Study. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2):86-88.
Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Basava Leelavathi , Triveni K , Sree G Sindhu
Published: July 2019

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease most frequently found in women of childbearing age and may coexist with pregnancy. Disease exacerbation, increased fetal loss, neonatal lupus, and an increased incidence of preeclampsia are the major challenges. Its multisystem involvement and therapeutic interventions like anticoagulants, steroids, and immunosuppressive agents pose a high risk for both the mother and the fetus during the antenatal period as well as postpartum. Good multidisciplinary medical care is mandatory when detection or flare-up of SLE occurs during pregnancy.

We describe the successful management of an antinuclear antibody, antiribonucleoprotein antibody, and anti-Sjogren's syndrome A (Ro) antibody positive parturient with bad obstetric history who underwent elective cesarean section and delivered a healthy child.

How to cite this article

Basava L, Roy P, Triveni K, Sree GS. Successful Pregnancy Outcome in a Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J South Asian Feder Obst Gynae 2017;9(2): 128-130.
Neck
Authors: Berceanu Costin
Published: July 2019

Cystic hygroma (CH) is the most frequently seen fetal neck mass on the first-trimester ultrasound (US). Overall prognosis is poor with a high association with chromosomal and structural anomalies. When diagnosed prenatally, fetal karyotyping and detailed US evaluation should be offered. Prenatal and postnatal surgical or nonsurgical treatment options are available. Fetal goiter (FG) and fetal thyroid masses are rare fetal conditions and may occur as part of a hypothyroid, hyperthyroid, or euthyroid state. Screening for FGs should be carried out in pregnancies of mothers with thyroid disease. If a FG is detected, a detailed US examination should be performed. Congenital high airway obstruction syndrome (CHAOS) is characterized by bilaterally enlarged lungs, flat or inverted diaphragms, dilated tracheobronchial tree, and massive ascites. It is usually a lethal abnormality. Fetuses with suspected CHAOS should be referred to a fetal medicine center able to perform ex utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT) delivery. Neck teratomas are associated with high mortality rates. Prenatal US diagnosis of cervical teratoma can be made at 15 and 16 weeks of gestation. Planning of delivery in a tertiary center allows the performance of EXIT. Lymphangioma of the neck usually diagnosed in late pregnancy could be traditionally referred to as CH, but there is a different prenatal history and outcome.

How to cite this article

Vladareanu R, Vladareanu S, Berceanu C. Neck. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3): 256-270.
Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Urogenital Anomalies
Authors: Tikvica Luetic Ana
Published: July 2019

Congenital urogenital anomalies constitute approximately 20 to 30% of all malformations identified in the antenatal period. Since fetal urogenital malformations are a significant cause of neonatal and child morbidity and mortality, the necessity of providing the correct diagnosis for the parents and professionals involved in the management should be of great priority.

Here, we present a review of the most common fetal urogenital malformations with special consideration of ultrasound features and addition of our ultrasound assessments.

How to cite this article

Luetic AT, Kurjak A. Prenatal Ultrasound Diagnosis of Fetal Urogenital Anomalies. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):301-307.
Fetal Hypothyroidism
Authors: Cosp Miguel Ruoti , Gruhn Ernesto , Ontano Monica , Calabrese Enrique , Mendoza Lindolfo
Published: July 2019

This case report illustrates the prenatal diagnosis of fetal hypothyroidism in a nulliparous 31-year-old woman with a history of four previous cesarean sections. She was presented with chronic renal failure of unknown etiology and had been on dialysis for 3 years along with a subclinical hypothyroidism. At 21.4 weeks of gestation, color Doppler revealed a fetus with symmetrical solid mass in the anterior cervical region with little vascularization compatible with fetal goiter. Aminotic fluid was also increased for gestational age. At 25 weeks of gestation, due to maternal respiratory distress, an amniodrainage was performed. From the same sample, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) was determined yielding 1.3 mIU/mL and 0.1 ng/dL for free T4. At 27 weeks of gestation, membrane rupture occurred. Chorioamniotis was suspected and cesarean section was performed extracting a live 1060 gm female newborn. The newborn was 29 weeks of age by Capurro test and Apgar score was 7/08. On physical examination, a 2 to 3 cm symmetrical tumor was found in cervical region. Admitted to neonatal intensive care unit for mechanical respiratory support, four ampoules of T4 were given, achieving complete regression of thyroid gland size at 15 days of life. At 34 days of age, nosocomial infection, Klepsiella neumonie, was confirmed and death occurred at 40 days of life. Isolated fetal hypothyroidism is rare. Ultrasound evaluation allows the identification of compensatory growth of the thyroid, showing a hypoechoic solid image. In extreme cases, it may cause esophageal obstruction and polyhydramnios as well as cervical hyperextension and dystocia during labor.

How to cite this article

Ruoti Cosp M, Gruhn E, Ontano M, Calabrese E, Mendoza L. Fetal Hypothyroidism. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):326-329.
Surgically Correctable Congenital Fetal Anomalies: Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management
Authors: Zaputovic Sanja , Medić Nina
Published: July 2019

A great number of lifelong disabilities are due to congenital malformations. Evolution of prenatal ultrasound diagnosis and improvement of surgical technique have enabled us to detect most of these malformations in utero early and accurately with a possibility of early surgical management in selected cases even in utero. Advances in pre-/perinatal management have enabled us to interfere and change the origin of the disease in order to optimize the best postsurgical outcome. Only a multidisciplinary team of specialists could provide such appropriate treatment.

How to cite this article

Zaputović S, Medić N. Surgically Correctable Congenital Fetal Anomalies: Ultrasound Diagnosis and Management. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016;10(3):338-349.
Gender Distribution of Amalgam Restoration and Treatment Pattern in Regular Attendees of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria
Authors: Olaleye AO
Published: July 2019

Background

Amalgam restoration has been the main procedure carried out over the last two centuries in spite of going through 2 major wars by those opposed to amalgam; however, it has been known that several factors affect it from the stage of titration, packing and finishing of the material but studies on the effect of gender on the treatment and distribution pattern are very scarce.

Materials and methods

This is a 12 years cross-sectional longitudinal retrospective study of dental records of patients who had attended the Dental Centre of University College Hospital, Ibadan, a Teaching Hospital located in the South West of Nigeria, regularly for a minimum period of 5 years.

Results

A total of 2,094 restorations were found to meet the criteria with males accounting for 691 (33%) and females 1403 (67%). When distributed into classes of restoration, females had more class I, II and V restorations placed (69.8%, 62.7%, 63.6%) more than males (30.2%, 37.3%, 36.4%) respectively. Females also had more primary placements and replacement done for all the classes of restorations.

Conclusion

More female patients attended the conservative dentistry clinic regularly more than their male counterparts and more females had higher number of restorations placed, however, there is a reduced female:male ratio in the subgroup of class II amalgam restorations.

It was observed that the most frequent reason given in replacement of restorations was fractured amalgam restorations.

How to cite this article

Olaleye AO. Gender Distribution of Amalgam Restoration and Treatment Pattern in Regular Attendees of a Teaching Hospital in Nigeria. World J Dent 2014; 5(2):109-112.
Comparison of the Convergence Angle in Full-crown Abutment Teeth prepared by the Preclinical and Senior Students in Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran
Authors: Ghasemi Shima , Mireskandari Payam , Ghaffari Tahereh , Babaloo Amir R
Published: July 2019

Introduction

One of the main factors in the successful treatment of fixed prosthodontics is preparation of the teeth such that proper retention of the crown is provided. The aim of the study was to compare the convergence angle in full-crown abutment teeth prepared by the preclinic and senior students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran.

Materials and methods

A cross-sectional/analytical study was conducted on dental students in the Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Islamic Republic of Iran in 2016. The sample size was determined randomly at n = 30 for each group. Preparation angle for each specimen was measured and recorded by digital photographs and Autocad software. The results were analyzed with appropriate statistical tests.

Results

The results showed that preclinic and senior students prepared the anterior teeth with average values of 22.13 ± 9.59 to 18.53 ± 8.87° and 18.46 ± 11.08 to 14.6 ± 6.32° respectively, from the buccolingual and mesiodistal aspects. Concerning posterior teeth, preclinic and senior students prepared them with average values of 21.4 ± 10.24 to 22.46 ± 8.99° and 19.46 ± 8.09 to 21.13 ± 8.83° respectively. Although the average value of convergence angle in both aspects was higher for preclinic students than for the senior students, t-test for independent groups revealed no significant differences (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

Either preclinic or senior students prepared the teeth with a convergence angle, i.e., higher than ideal. However, all the recorded angles were within the range of previous studies.

How to cite this article

Ghasemi S, Mireskandari P, Ghanizadeh M, Ghaffari T, Babaloo AR. Comparison of the Convergence Angle in Full-crown Abutment Teeth prepared by the Preclinical and Senior Students in Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Republic of Iran. World J Dent 2017;8(2):77-80.
Impact of Removable Partial Denture on Quality of Life measured after 6 Months and 1 Year of Use
Authors: Shekhawat Kuldeep S , Chauhan Arunima , Ramalingam Nansi
Published: July 2019

Aim

To assess the impact of removable partial denture (RPD) on the quality of life in patients wearing RPD after 1 year of use.

Materials and methods

Observational study was conducted on a convenience sample of 50 patients who were delivered RPD in the Department of Prosthodontics. Oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) (translated to Tamil, but not validated) was used to measure the impact. Data were collected using telephonic interview at 6 months after the insertion of RPD (T1) and (T2) at the end of 1 year (time interval of 6 months) prospectively. Significant differences for prevalence, mean OHIP-14 scores, and extent were determined using t test.

Results

Increase in mean OHIP-14 scores and extent was observed at T1 and T2. Almost all the dimensions of OHIP-14 had higher scores at T2 except psychological discomfort. Physical pain, physical disability, and psychological disability were dimensions with significant differences (p < 0.05). A fivefold increase in proportion was observed for physical disability and psychological disability among those reporting impacts as “very often/fairly often.”

Conclusion

The RPD had detrimental effect on wearer's quality of life with significant impact for painful aching in the mouth, feeling a bit embarrassed, and difficulty in chewing. Wearing RPD significantly increases the extent of impacts within a short time span of 6 months.

Clinical significance

The RPD can have a considerable impact on quality of life, which can either ameliorate or deteriorate. Patients have to be counseled periodically at subsequent recall visits and their quality of life measured, which will enable clinicians to rectify, assess, and provide adequate care to improve the overall quality of life.

How to cite this article

Shekhawat KS, Chauhan A, Ramalingam N. Impact of Removable Partial Denture on Quality of Life measured after 6 Months and 1 Year of Use. World J Dent 2017;8(2):81-85.
Periodontal Health and Its Impact on Quality of Life among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Nayak Sangeeta U , Kamath Deepa G , Pai K Keshava
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is one of the key public health issues worldwide. Diabetes mellitus and its related oral manifestations, particularly in the form of poor periodontal health, has impact on physical health along with emotional and psychosocial consequences. The current study was done to assess periodontal health and its impact of on the quality of life among type II diabetics.

Materials and methods

A total of 138 diabetic subjects (test group) and 128 nondiabetic subjects (control group) were included in the study. Periodontal parameters, such as plaque index, gingival index, and community periodontal index of treatment needs (CPITN) index were recorded. Oral health impact profile (OHIP-14) questionnaire was used to evaluate effect of periodontal health on quality of life.

Results

Plaque index and gingival index scores were greater among test group, but were not statistically significant. The CPITN score was statistically significant when compared with control and test groups. When the mean of OHIP-14 scores was compared among two groups, five of the seven subdimensions were statistically significant. A statistically significant difference was found when overall total OHIP score was compared among control and test groups.

Conclusion

Overall oral health and observed oral healthrelated quality of life were lower among diabetic subjects in comparison with nondiabetics. Periodontal health was poorer and needs more attention among diabetic patients.

How to cite this article

Nayak SU, Kamath DG, Pai KK. Periodontal Health and Its Impact on Quality of Life among Type II Diabetes Mellitus Patients. World J Dent 2017;8(2):86-89.
Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Methacrylic Acid incorporated in Conventional Heat-activated Resins
Authors: Gupta Lokendra , Aparna IN , Dhanasekar B , Bhat Sujatha , Agarwal Priyanka
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of heat-activated denture base resins modified with different concentrations of methacrylic acid (MAA).

Materials and methods

Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer of heat-activated resins was modified with different concentrations of MAA (0, 15, 20, and 25%) for the preparation of specimens to evaluate antifungal activity of heat-activated resins. Prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 day and 1 week before the evaluation of microbial adhesion. Microbial adhesion of Candida albicans cells to acrylic samples was examined under light microscopy after Gram staining of all the acrylic samples. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey's honest significant difference test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant

Results

Addition of MAA to the MMA monomer was found to significantly reduce the adhesion of C. albicans for all the groups. Reduction of C. albicans cell adherence was found significant for all three groups (I, II, and III) as compared to control, both at 1 day (p < 0.001) and 1 week (p < 0.001) after storage in distilled water

Conclusion

Addition of MAA to conventional denture base formulations reduced the adhesion of C. albicans. This method of incorporating antifungal property to denture base resins can effectively be used to reduce denture stomatitis in elderly and immunocompromised patients.

How to cite this article

Gupta L, Aparna IN, Dhanasekar B, Bhat S, Ginjupalli K, Agarwal P. Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Methacrylic Acid incorporated in Conventional Heat-activated Resins. World J Dent 2017;8(2):129-133.
Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Molar using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pallippurath Girish , Shetty Neeta , Mohan Rayapudi Phani , Thomas Manuel S , Tallada Arjun
Published: July 2019

Aim

The aim of this study was to investigate the root and canal morphology of maxillary first and second molars in Southern West Coastal Indian population using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT).

Materials and methods

Cone beam computed tomography images of (n = 143) maxillary first molar and (n = 139) maxillary second molar were obtained from Southern West Coastal Indian population. The number of roots, root canals, and presence of second mesiobuccal (MB2) canal were determined.

Results

Two roots were seen only in 1.4% of first molars and 8.6% of second molars. Three- rooted were the most common and seen in 98.6% of first molars and 89.9% of second molars. Single root was seen in 1.4% of second molars. The incidence of MB2 canal in the first molar is 64.1% and in second molar 23%. C-shaped canals were found in 1.4% of the second molars

Conclusion

Southern West Coastal Indian population showed features that were similar to other regions of Indian Population. The CBCT is a wonder tool for the study of root canal morphology and a reliable source of information for retrospective studies.

How to cite this article

Mohan RP, Thomas MS, Shetty N, Ahmed J, Pallippurath G, Tallada A. Evaluation of the Root and Canal Morphology of Maxillary First and Second Molar using Cone Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Study. World J Dent 2017;8(2):134-138.
Diagnostic Panel of Markers CD45, CD20, CD3, CD138, and CD56 for Oral Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone
Authors: Abraham Marin , Sagar Parimala
Published: July 2019

Aim

The present case aims to emphasize on the role of immunophenotyping in plasmacytic malignancies.

Introduction

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) is a rare entity often encountered in vertebrae and less frequently in long bones. Its presence in jaws is extremely rare, accounting for 4.4% of cases only. About 5% of patients with plasma cell dyscrasias present with SPB.

Case report

An elderly male patient reported with a chief complaint of growth in the anterior region of the lower jaw since 3 months. The histopathological features following an incisional biopsy were suggestive of pyogenic granuloma. Serological investigations revealed seropositivity for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 antibody with hypergammaglobulinemia and hypoalbuminemia. Histopathology of excisional biopsied tissue revealed a round cell malignancy with plasmacytic morphology. Further, to arrive at a specific final diagnosis, immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed with a panel of markers CD45, CD20, CD3, CD138, and CD56. This panel enabled us to establish a final diagnosis of SPB with clinicopathologic correlation.

Conclusion

The present case posed a diagnostic dilemma as it presented with overlapping features of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL), multiple myeloma (MM), extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP), and plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL). A thorough clinical, radiological, serological, and IHC panel helped to diagnose the present case. The CD56 enabled differentiation between SPB and PBL. Thereby, this article emphasizes on the need for a panel of IHC markers that permit definitive diagnosis of lymphopoietic malignancies.

Clinical significance

Timely diagnosis of malignant lesions is an essential concern for effective management. Thus, we emphasize that the IHC is a valuable investigative tool in the diagnosis of round cell tumors with plasmacytoid morphology.

How to cite this article

Abraham M, Augustine D, Sagar P, Rao RS, Prasad K, Sowmya SV, Haragannavar VC, Nambiar S. Diagnostic Panel of Markers CD45, CD20, CD3, CD138, and CD56 for Oral Solitary Plasmacytoma of Bone. World J Dent 2018;9(1):53-58.