bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isotonic Design for Phase I Clinical Trials: Can We Improve Further?
Authors: Alam M. Iftakhar , Sultana Jafrin
Published: August 2019

One of the most challenging tasks in clinical trials is finding the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) to be tested in the next phase. An assurance for the safety of the patients and recommendation of a suitable dose for phase II are the main objectives of a phase I trial. The MTD can be identified through various approaches. A non-parametric approach, known as the isotonic design, has been explored in our study. The design relies on the monotonicity assumption of the dose-toxicity relationship. Usually the number of patients in a trial have an impact on the adequacy of dose recommendation. This paper is a humble attempt to see the impact of cohort size and total cohorts on the isotonic design. It investigates the possibility of improving the current algorithm of the isotonic design for escalation and de-escalation. Also, the paper proposes a stopping rule to avoid any severely toxic dose as the MTD. The simulation study shows that along with total cohort, cohort size also has an appreciable effect on the MTD selection. The proposed modification of the algorithm has also been found to work satisfactorily in majority of the cases.
Effectiveness of Gamification Elements in Blended Learning Environments
Authors: MESE Can , DURSUN Ozcan Ozgur
Published: August 2019

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of blended learning environments enriched with the use of gamification elements. The study was carried out using the convergent parallel mixed design, in which the qualitative and quantitative data were integrated. The study was conducted with 63 participants who were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. In the experimental group, the activities were enriched in the environment by using the gamification elements but not in the control group. The data were collected by Community of Inquiry data collection tool, academic achievement test, Instructional Materials Motivation Survey, experience activity, and interviews. According to the results, no difference was observed between the groups in terms of community of inquiry model, academic achivement, motivation. These findings are supported by qualitative data. According the findings, it could be stated that learning occurred in the form of latent learning in the experimental group.
Bangladesh Betar’s Farm Programs to Motivate Farmers: Analysis of Effectiveness as Distance Education
Authors: HASAN Mahedi , MONDAL Nazrul İslam
Published: August 2019

Bangladesh Betar (BB), the national radio of Bangladesh has been providing extension services to the mostly uneducated Bangladeshi farming communities for the diffusion of modern farm technologies from its very beginning. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of farm programs (FPs) of BB as distance education through assessing its capacity to motivate the farmers. A sample of 465 farmers was surveyed for primary data and the binary logistic regression model was used for data analysis. This study has revealed that those who listen to the FPs of BB were found more likely to adopt modern farm technologies than those who did not listen to the FPs. The concerned authority should take the necessary steps to make the farmers listen to the FPs of BB for educating and motivating them.
A Fully Online Course Experience from Students’ Perspective: Readiness, Attitudes and Thoughts
Authors: CABI Emine , KALELIOGLU Filiz
Published: August 2019

The purpose of the study was to reveal the effect of a course taken through distance education on students’ readiness and attitudes. Sequential explanatory design method was used as a research method in which qualitative and quantitative measurements were used in the research. For the quantitative data, a single group pre-test/post-test design was used as an experimental model; for the qualitative data, open-ended questions were asked in order to elicit students’ opinions following the experimental process. The study group consisted of 266 students from different faculties and departments who were studying undergraduate and associate degree programmes at a private university in Turkey. Results indicated that the course taken through distance education had a significant effect on students’ gaining Computer and Internet Self-Efficacy and was effective in improving undergraduate students’ self-directed learning skills. Moreover, the course taken through distance education had a significant effect on students’ familiarity with e-learning. Additionally, the course was found to be effective in decreasing the escape attitudes from e-learning.
THE ROLE OF “SOFT LAW” IN RELATIONS OF STRATEGIC COOPERATION BETWEEN UKRAINE AND PRC: INTERNATIONAL LEGAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Smyrnova K.V. , Gandziura A.V.
Published: August 2019

The article deals with peculiarities of the soft law functioning in regulation principles formation of bilateral strategic cooperation between Ukraine and China. The weight and influence of the “soft law” provisions in the context of the legal and regulatory framework of bilateral relations between the countries have been summed up. A deep and profound analytical assessment of various bilateral agreements has been done. Different types of legal norms are being characterized from the point of their legal obligation and the advantages and disadvantages of their application in the agreements in view of current world trends. The survey shows that serving as a regulator of relations, “soft law” may entail certain legal consequences. First of all, it can be the basis for a document that is legally binding source of law, in addition, the rules of “soft law” are able to independently regulate social relations, complementing the official source of law or filling its gaps.
LEGAL REGULATION OF EU COOPERATION WITH NORWAY IN THE FIELD OF NATURAL GAS SUPPLY
Authors: Bilotsky S.
Published: August 2019

The article examines the international legal aspect of the EU's cooperation with Norway regarding the supply of natural gas. It was investigated that this cooperation is regulated by legal acts related to different legal order. These are: 1. Bilateral and multilateral international treaties concluded by the EU and the member states with Norway; 2. Agreements concluded by the EU with Norway; 3. Acts of EU law and joint bodies with the participation of the EU and Norway; 4. Norwegian legislation and EU member states; 5. Private gas contracts concluded between the legal entities of Norway and the EU member states. The key in this sense is the Norwegian legislation, the obligations of the parties under the Agreement on the European Economic Area (EEA) and the rules of secondary and primary law of the EU. As part of its commitment to the SES, Norway has adopted most of the EU primary energy law rules for energy in 1994, but Norway's renewal of legislation in line with the further liberalization of the European energy market is slow. So far, Norway has only included in its legislation the norms from the acts of the Second EU energy package (2003), but the latest trends in the EU energy law - from the Third Energy Package (2009) - have not yet been implemented.
PRINCIPLES AND VALUES OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE LEGAL ORDER OF UKRAINE
Authors: Muraviov Victor
Published: August 2019

The article is devoted to the analysis of the legal nature of principles and values of the European Union, their ethimology and genesis, as well as their place and role in the legal order of the EU. One can argue that in the contemporary legal order of the European Union principles and norms that are enshrined in the founding documents of the European Union, stipulate the founding basics of the legal system of the EU. Besides, they execute the regulatory function in the relations between an individual and society. It is pointed out in the work, that principles and values appeared in the European Union law not at the same time. If principles were fixed in the first founding treaties when they were concluded, then the provisions on values were included in the founding treaties only recently, that is in the latest Lisbon edition of 2007.
It is underlined that the infringement by a EU Member State of values may result into imposing of sanctions against the infringer. However, EU principles and values acquire the particular importance in the course of the conclusion of international agreements with the third countries. With this regard the provisions of the Association agreement between Ukraine and the European Union and its Member States.
Special attention is paid in the article to the investigation of the legal mechanism of the implementation of the EU-Ukraine Association agreement in the legal order of Ukraine as well ae the effect of principles and values on the process of legal reforms in Ukraine.
The Effect of Leaf Extracts in Different Growth Periods of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. on Some Germination and Seedling Development Parameters of Wheat
Authors: ACAR Zeki , LEBLEBİCİ Sema , GÜLÜMSER Erdem , CAN Mehmet , AYAN İlknur
Published: August 2019

The aim of this study was
to determine the effect of Bituminaria bituminosa (L.) C.H. Stirt. leaf extracts obtained at beginning of growth,
budding and beginning of flowering on germination and seedling growth
characteristics of wheat (Triticum
aestivum L.). In the study, 12 B.
bituminosa genotypes leaf extracts (G) were used, and the control group was
consisted of distilled water. In the study, germination percentage, root and
shoot length, root and shoot fresh-dry weight, root and shoot biomass and
seedling vigor index were investigated. The highest germination percentage was
found in G1 as 99.55%, and the lowest was found in G2 with 93.93%. The root and
shoot length ranged from 6.49-16.28 and 7.58-12.67 cm, respectively. The
highest seedling vigor index was found in G5 (2813.50), G9 (2619.74), G11
(2657.05) and G12 (2657.71), while it was lowest control group (1343.74). As a
result, the G9, G10, and G11 showed higher performance in terms of investigated
traits. Besides, the B. bituminosa
genotypes leaf extracts obtained at the budding stage were higher and had
positive allelopathy effect compared to the other growth stages.
Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme Anabilim Dalında Çalışan Üniversite Öğretim Üyelerinin Bilimsel Hakemliğe Bakış Açısı
Authors: AYAŞAN Tugay , ERGÜL Şerife , YILMAZ Hilal , NAKİBOĞLU Aslıhan
Published: August 2019

Bu çalışmada, Türkiye’deki üniversitelerin Ziraat
Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü ile Veteriner Fakültesindeki Yemler ve Hayvan Besleme
Anabilim Dalında çalışan öğretim üyelerinin bilimsel hakemliğe bakış açılarını
öğrenmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu nedenle kendilerine e-mail gönderilen 100 öğretim
üyesi ile gerçekleştirilen anketlerden elde edilen veriler çalışmanın temelini
oluşturmuştur. Çalışmada, hakemlik formunun sağlıklı bir yaklaşım olduğu,
hakemlik eğitiminin alınması gerekliliği, hakemlikte gönüllülüğün esas olması
gerektiği görülmüştür. Ankette hakemlerin %51’inin 1 yılda ortalama 1-5 arası
makale okuduğu, hakemlerin %47’sinin kendilerine gelen makaleleri 15 gün içerisinde
okuyup gönderdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Ankete katılan öğretim üyelerinin
%75’inin hakemliğin gerçekten iyi bir şekilde yapıldığına inanmadığı, öğretim
üyelerinin %83’ünün hakemlik yaparken, makalede yazar adlarının bulunmasını
istedikleri tespit edilmiştir.
Salvia verticillata L. (Dadırak)’nın Tohum Dormansisinin Kırılmasında Farklı Uygulamaların Etkileri
Authors: TURSUN Ayşe Özlem
Published: August 2019

Lamiaceae familyası
içerisinde en büyük cins olan Salvia
türleri dünyada geniş bir alana yayılmış olup 900 kadar adaçayı türü
bulunmaktadır.  Salvia cinsine ait tohumlarda dormansi söz konusudur ve tohum
kabuğundaki müsilaj maddesi çimlenmeyi engelleyici önemli bir faktördür. Bu
çalışma, Salvia verticillata’nın
tohumlarındaki dormansinin kırılması üzerine farklı uygulamaların etkisini
belirlemek amacıyla tesadüf parselleri deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak
kurulmuştur. Çalışmada denemeler 14 saat 26 0C ve 10 saat 16 0C
olarak tamamen aydınlık, karanlık ve 14 saat aydınlık ve 10 saat karanlık
olacak şekilde kurulmuştur. Çalışma sonucunda en yüksek
tohum çimlenmesi %74 ile 2000 ppm giberellik asitin (GA3) 26/16 0C
tamamen karanlık uygulamasından elde edilmiştir. S. verticillata tohumları %96’lık etanolde 30 dakika tutulduktan
sonra 14 saat aydınlık ve 10 saat karanlık ortam, %96’lık etanolde 120 dakika
tutulduktan sonra aydınlık, karanlık ve 14 saat aydınlık ve 10 saat karanlık
ortam, hidroklorik asitte 60 dakika tutulduktan sonra 14 saat aydınlık ve 10 saat karanlık
uygulamaları ile %15'lik sodyum hipokloritte 10 dakika tutulduktan sonra
aydınlık uygulamasında çimlenme olmamıştır. Bu sonuçlar ışığında giberellik asit
uygulamalarının adaçayı tohumlarındaki dormansinin kırılmasında etkili olup
çimlenme oranını arttırdığı ve yeni fide elde etmede önemli olacağı
anlaşılmıştır.
Stunting: a multisector challenges and unfinished nutrition agenda
Authors: Karyadi Elvina
Published: August 2019

It was a great news that during the President election campaign, both President and Vice President candidates addressed a stunting problem during the debate. It shows that stunting is placed as national priority of nutrition problems. Stunting is part of a wider nutrition crises in Indonesia: wasting, anemia and double-burden of malnutrition. According to the 2018 National Health Survey (RISKESDAS), 30.8 percent of Indonesian children under 5 years of age were stunted (almost 8 million children), 17.7 percent were underweight, 10.2 percent were wasted (low weight-for-height).  Although the prevalence of stunting declined significantly from the 2013 (37.2%), the stunting rates remain unacceptably high. A child that is wasted faces double the risk of mortality associated with stunting. Even, a child that is both stunted and wasted faces a higher risk. Frequent episodes of wasting increase the risk of stunting.
The impact of therapy on the quality of life in asymptomatic patients with freshly detected hypertension
Authors: Mishra Satish Chandra , Singh Vishal , Prakash Sudeep , Pandey Pushkar
Published: August 2019

Background: Hypertension is an commonly encountered disease which adversely affect  all aspects of quality of life (QoL). The existing studies are confounded by the presence of multiple comorbidities and inclusion of elderly, which by themselves impairs the QoL. There is thus a need to study the impact of hypertension on QoL, in isolation.Method: This is a single center, prospective, intention to treat, observation study. The aim of the study is to evaluate the change in the QoL over six months, in newly diagnosed asymptomatic patients of hypertension. The tools used to assess the QoL included World Health Organisation’s Quality of Life Questionnaire (WHOQOL- BREF) and Short Form-36 (SF-36).Result: A total of 232 patients (172 males and 60 females) were enrolled in the study. The mean age was 44.66 years. A total of 102 patients (43.97%) had stage-1 and 130 patients (56.03%) had stage-2 hypertension. The female gender is associated with a higher likelihood of presentation with stage-2 hypertension. The male cohort had a better baseline QoL. The desired blood pressures was achieved in 40.52%. With therapy, the QoL improved significantly; sub-hoc analysis showed, the improvement was higher in males and those with stage-1 hypertension. There is an inverse relationship between the QoL and requirement for higher number of antihypertensive mediations.Conclusions: In patients with asymptomatic primary hypertension, treatment improves all aspects of QoL. The factors adversely affecting the QoL include female gender, higher stage of hypertension, poor blood pressure control and requirement of higher numbers of antihypertensive medicine.
A clinical study of serum lipid profile in benign breast disease in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: M. S. Prabakar , Prakasam Nithyaraj , S. Reshma , K. Loganathan , V. Palani
Published: August 2019

Background: The aim of the study was to evaluate an association of serum lipid profile in women with benign breast disease and to analyze a possible relationship between serum lipid profile and benign breast diseases with emphasis to laboratory findings.Methods: Hospital based study carried out at ACS Medical College, Chennai, during the period of June 2018 to November 2018. 75 women in General Surgery ward/outpatient were included in the study. Subjects included in the study were women of age between 16 to 35 years, provided they fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria. History was noted, serum lipid profile was done. Results were noted and analysed.Results: Out of 75 subjects, 21.3% of women with benign breast disease were having elevated serum lipid profile.Conclusions: It is concluded that benign breast disease is associated with altered serum lipid profile namely hyperlipidemia. Therefore, routine screening and treatment of this condition is must among women with benign breast disease by dietary management, use of anti-hyperlipidemic drugs to achieve long lasting cure and to prevent possible future recurrences.
O LIVRO DIDÁTICO E AS SOCIEDADES INDÍGENAS
Authors: Silva Vitor Ferreira
Published: August 2019

O presente trabalho busca perceber as representações acerca da temática indígena a partir do livro didático de História. Nosso objetivo é entender qual é o tipo de conhecimento que a escola reproduz sobre os indígenas e, a partir disso, pontuar os elementos que colaboram para

uma visão típica sobre os nativos. Dentro de uma breve discussão sobre o currículo de história, livro didático e representações sobre os indígenas, veremos como a invisibilidade do “índio” é reforçada por uma narrativa tradicional e ainda hegemônica nos livros escolares.
JOÃO GOULART E AS REFORMAS DE BASE
Authors: De Vasconcelos Silva Aline
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo aponta as bases do pensamento expresso por João Goulart – fundamentalmente o nacionalismo varguista e o trabalhismo do Partido Trabalhista Brasileiro (PTB) – e explicita, a partir da análise dos discursos do presidente, o conteúdo do seu programa das Reformas de Base, relacionando-as às análises que Goulart faz sobre o país. Do conjunto do programa reformista, destaca-se a proposta de reforma agrária, visto a relevância do espaço que ela ocupa na documentação analisada e a repercussão que provocou na época.
Análisis argumentativo en perspectiva pragmadialéctica del argumento de los casos marginales
Authors: Pineda Repizo Fabrizio
Published: August 2019

Con base en la perspectiva pragmadialéctica de la argumentación, se realiza un análisis del argumento animalista denominado argumento de los casos marginales. La identificación de su estructura argumentativa y sus maniobras retóricas permite mostrar la debilidad de su estrategia argumentativa. Siguiendo la metodología del análisis pragmadialectico, en este artículo se expone la estructura argumentativa y se externalizan los elementos implícitos, se evalúa la aceptabilidad de los enunciados y la solidez de los esquemas utilizados y se señala la maniobra estratégica implementada. Este análisis argumentativo invita a reconocer la importancia de adoptar un punto de vista crítico objetivo frente a los compromisos teóricos o ideológicos del argumento de los casos marginales a partir de la identificación de sus elementos discursivos.
El problema de marco y la aptitud de las emociones para resolver la dificultad de la regresión
Authors: Silenzi María Inés
Published: August 2019

El problema de marco, el cual que cuestiona el modo en que los seres humanos determinamos relevancia eficientemente, ha sido considerado por algunos filósofos como un obstáculo para el progreso de las Ciencias Cognitivas (Dreyfus, 2007). En este trabajo, cuestionamos tal pesimismo estimando la aptitud de las emociones para resolver una de sus principales dificultades, a saber, la dificultad de la regresión. Luego de dilucidar la dificultad mencionada, propondremos dos grandes posiciones frente a su resolución: aquella que considera el éxito epistémico de las emociones al resolverla (Elgin, 1996; Hookway 2003 y de Sousa, 1980)  y aquella que, más prudentemente, estima sus limitaciones (Wild y Dohrn, 2008).  Sostendremos que si bien la función de saliencia-relevancia de las emociones parece ofrecer una  solución a la dificultad de la regresión, y con ello al aspecto epistemológico del problema de marco, esto en realidad no es así, puesto que lejos de resolver tal dificultad, la desplazan hacia otros problemas pendientes de solución.
Propuesta de una Metodología con base en la Lógica Difusa para Explicar los Razonamientos de Tipo Sorites
Authors: Buitrago Daniel
Published: August 2019

La paradoja de sorites es ampliamente conocida por mostrar las consecuencias contradictorias que pueden tener razonamientos que involucren términos vagos. Importantes filósofos de la escuela analítica como Bertrand Russell y Gottlob Frege apoyan fuertemente la idea de que las contradicciones surgidas en situaciones como la de la paradoja de sorites se deben en efecto a la vaguedad del lenguaje común. Este trabajo pretende proponer una metodología con base en la lógica difusa que muestra que los razonamientos de tipo sorites, a pesar de tener términos vagos, pueden ser consistentes y válidos.
Mathematical Understanding and the role of Counterexamples and Pathologies: a case study in Mathematical Analysis.
Authors: Martínez-Adame Carmen
Published: August 2019

Pathological objects and counterexamples play an important role in mathematical understanding even though there is no precise definition of them.What is a pathological object? What makes a mathematical object pathological?The aim of this paper is to try to give a partial response to these questions from the standpoint of mathematical analysis in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. We will describe briefly how the notion of function changed dramatically in the nineteenth century and we will study how this change brought on important philosophical consequences for the subject implying that the notion of pathology relies upon certain properties occurring only in a few instances.
Importancia del lenguaje y método filosófico en el segundo Wittgenstein
Authors: Bentolila Héctor Rodolfo
Published: August 2019

El articulo responde a la pregunta ¿Por qué importa el lenguaje en filosofía?, formulada hace más de cuarenta años por el filósofo canadiense, Ian Hacking. Al hacerlo, parte de la nueva concepción del método filosófico desarrollada por Wittgenstein en sus Investigaciones Filosóficas. El objetivo es mostrar que el lenguaje importa a la filosofía, sobre todo, como el medio natural en que los seres humanos actúan y se mueven habitualmente. De dicha condición, y de comparar los usos filosóficos del lenguaje con las acciones lingüísticas primitivas -de donde derivan aquellos- se desprende un estilo de actuar que disuelve los pseudoproblemas de la filosofía tradicional.

El artículo responde a la pregunta ¿Por qué importa el lenguaje en filosofía?, formulada hace más de cuarenta años por el filósofo canadiense, Ian Hacking. Al hacerlo, parte de la nueva concepción del método filosófico desarrollada por Wittgenstein en sus Investigaciones Filosóficas. El objetivo es mostrar que el lenguaje importa a la filosofía, sobre todo, como el medio natural en que los seres humanos actúan y se mueven habitualmente. De dicha condición, y de comparar los usos filosóficos del lenguaje con las acciones lingüísticasprimitivas -de donde derivan aquellos- se desprende un estilo de actuar que disuelve los pseudoproblemas de la filosofía tradicional
Nota Editorial
Authors: Martínez Muñoz Sergio F.
Published: August 2019

N/A
Los pecados (historiográficos) de los padres
Authors: Guillaumin Godfrey
Published: August 2019

En este trabajo presento un diagnóstico de un problema y una propuesta de solución (actualmente en desarrollo). Dicho problema gira en torno a cómo debemos entender la relación entre historia de la ciencia y filosofía de la ciencia de manera tal que ambas disciplinas logren una adecuada y equilibrada integración. Elaboro mi diagnóstico con base en cuatro análisis que sobre el mismo tema han realizado en las últimas décadas Philip Kitcher, Larry & Rachel Laudan y Thomas Kuhn. Mi diagnóstico toma las ideas básicas comunes a estos cuatro autores, añade siete puntos afines a la lógica de Dewey y algunas ideas de Peirce. Mi propuesta es que una integración más armónica y potencialmente más fértil de relación entre historia de la ciencia y filosofía de la ciencia radica en concebir dicha integración como una epistemología dinámica de cuatro ámbitos epistémicos (surgimiento, preservación, modificación, cambio) respecto a múltiples fases cognitivas (preguntas, datos, planteamientos de problemas, creencias, razonamiento, resultados) propias de las prácticas de investigación científica. Dicha epistemología dinámica deberá dar cuenta no solo de la justificación de los ámbitos epistémicos y de las fases cognitivas, sino también de su relevancia.
Sobre el uso y significado de la Historia en Filosofía de la Ciencia
Authors: Esposito Maurizio
Published: August 2019

El artículo explora algunos de los sentidos y usos de la historia en la filosofía de las ciencias. Se argumenta que la ausencia (o presencia) de la historia en las reflexiones filosóficas sobre la ciencia no depende de una falta de comunicación entre historiadores y filósofos, sino del contraste entre dos concepciones filosóficas del conocimiento radicalmente distintas. Por un lado, hay una concepción “idealista” que defiende un ideal de razón autónomo de cualquier elemento contingente que pueda orientar la cogitación científica. Por otro lado, hay una concepción “materialista” que es más atenta a las condiciones contextuales que posibilitan la ocurrencia de formas específicas de conocimientos. Las dos concepciones tienen historias distintas e interpretan la actividad científica en formas muy diferentes. La primera se enfoca en los aspectos teóricos de la ciencia y se orienta hacia un análisis conceptual de aquellas teorías científicas más exitosas en términos de coherencia, predicción y adecuación empírica (entre otros). La segunda es más orientada hacia la “praxis” científica y dirige su atención al conjunto de instrumentos, acciones, intereses y objetivos espacios que forjan formas situadas de conocimientos. También argumento que mientras la concepción “idealista” se aproxima a los ideales epistémicos de las Naturwissenschaften; la concepción “materialista” se acerca a los ideales metodológicos de las Geisteswissenschaften. Por lo tanto, mientras que en la primera concepción el saber histórico es accesorio, en la segunda este es indispensable. Concluyo sosteniendo que, si aceptamos la validez de dicha distinción, muchas de las dicotomías tradicionales que han caracterizado la filosofía de la ciencia hasta el momento – por ejemplo, externalismo versus internalismo o descubrimiento versus justificación – requieren una profunda revisión.
Estilos de razonamiento, prácticas científicas y epistemología histórica
Authors: Castro Moreno Julio Alejandro
Published: August 2019

Se analiza, desde una perspectiva filosófica, hasta qué punto los estilos de razonamiento científico (erc) propuestos por el filósofo Ian Hacking son, en sus palabras, unas herramientas conceptuales relevantes para historiadores y filósofos. En otros términos, se pondrá en cuestión si los erc en sí mismos devienen un recurso que permite integrar la historia con la filosofía de la ciencia. Esto podría ser el caso si nos tomamos en serio la crítica que ha hecho el sociólogo Martin Kusch a la perspectiva de erc, al sostener que estos son un proyecto de epistemología histórica (eh), aunque la entiende desde una visión teórica, que deja de lado, en gran medida, una reflexión sobre el papel que desempeñan las prácticas científicas en la indagación epistemológica. Así, se argumentará a favor de que los erc sí son un recurso para articular la historia con la filosofía de la ciencia (son la base de una eh), siempre y cuando se comprendan como un conjunto de prácticas que se originan, se atrincheran y se despliegan a lo largo de la historia de la empresa científica. En consecuencia, la eh por la que se aboga es una epistemología que toma al conocimiento práctico como uno de sus pilares.
Análisis de las contribuciones y de los sentidos de la epistemología histórica
Authors: Moreno Juan-Carlos
Published: August 2019

En este texto se analiza la relevancia teórica de la reciente perspectiva designada como “epistemología histórica”, en relación con la perspectiva similar de la historia de la epistemología. En contraste con el punto de vista planteado por Sturm, se revisan y discuten los cuestionamientos a los aportes epistemológicos de los análisis de las prácticas investigativas, realizados por los estudios de la epistemología histórica. Como punto de partida para el análisis de estos aspectos, se especifican el origen y el significado de la epistemología histórica, y se definen los principales sentidos en los que se ha desarrollado esta perspectiva, sus aportes, sus principales limitaciones y sus críticas.
Axiología naturalizada en historia y filosofía de las prácticas científicas
Authors: Echeverría Javier
Published: August 2019

No basta con naturalizar la epistemología: el desafío principal de la filosofía de las prácticas científicas es naturalizar la axiología de la ciencia. Otro tanto ocurre en historia de la ciencia. Esta se ocupa de las teorías, hipótesis, observaciones, descubrimientos, experimentos, instrumentos, publicaciones e instituciones, pero, también debería ocuparse de los diversos criterios de valoración que utilizan los científicos, incluidos aquellos criterios que devienen normas institucionales. Una cosa son los cambios epistémicos y otra los cambios de valores en las diversas disciplinas científicas, incluidas las matemáticas. Para mostrar estas hipótesis se analiza la dimensión axiológica de un momento importante de la historia de las matemáticas: el descubrimiento del cálculo diferencial e integral. Supuso la instauración de un nuevo valor institucional, el derecho de prioridad del primer descubridor, al que le subyacían valores no epistémicos. Asimismo, se muestra que la concepción kuhniana de los valores de la ciencia es más sensible a la naturalización axiológica que la de Laudan, para quien los valores epistémicos son los únicos relevantes para la filosofía de las prácticas científicas.
Imágenes en la explicación del comportamiento prosocial humano y su evolución
Authors: Bernal Castro Irma Catherine , Abrantes Paulo C.
Published: August 2019

En este texto rastreamos las imágenes implícitas en la explicación del comportamiento prosocial humano y su evolución, que han direccionado por más de un siglo y medio el pensamiento evolutivo y han generado una influencia dramática en la manera en que se estudia y evalúa el conocimiento de organismos unicelulares, multicelulares, colonias y sociedades. Con el trabajo historiográfico de identificar las imágenes de la naturaleza y las imágenes de la ciencia en las explicaciones sobre la evolución de la cooperación y el altruismo se logra, en parte, reconstruir la actividad científica y entender la dinámica de las teorías imperantes, y su incidencia en el surgimiento y desarrollo de explicaciones alternas a la ortodoxia como la selección de grupo.
Jim Crow Democracy: The U.S. South and Racialized Policy-Making in the Aftermath of World War II
Authors: Zwiers Maarten
Published: August 2019

Segregationist politicians from the U.S. South played key roles in devising plans for the reconstruction of Germany, the Marshall Plan and the drafting of displaced persons legislation. This article discusses how their Jim Crow ideology calibrated the global and domestic order that emerged from the ashes of World War II. Southern advocates of this ideology dealt with national and foreign issues from a regional perspective, which was based on the protection of agricultural interests and a nascent military-industrial complex, but above all, on the defence of white supremacy. In general, they followed a lenient course toward Germany after the country’s defeat in World War II, for various reasons. The shared experience of post-war reconstruction, containment of communism and feelings of kinship between the Germanic people and the Anglo-Saxons of the U.S. South were some of the motives why many white southerners did not endorse punitive measures against the former enemy. For them, an obvious connection existed between the local and the global, which strongly reverberated in the formation of U.S. foreign and domestic policy in the post-war world. The rebuilding of Germany and the fugitive question were shaped on the basis of a Jim Crow blueprint.
A variação da concordância nominal de número no português popular do sertão baiano (século xx): análise mórfica
Authors: Rosa Santos Lorena Enéas , De Oliveira Lacerda Mariana Fagundes , Novais Carneiro Zenaide de Oliveira
Published: August 2019

Este artigo discute a variação da concordância nominal de número, apresentando uma abordagem mórfica, em 91 cartas pessoais, editadas por Santiago (2012), escritas entre 1906 e 2000 por sertanejos baianos semialfabetizados, definidos como “inábeis” (MARQUILHAS, 2000). Para tanto, constroi-se de acordo com o escopo teórico da Linguística Histórica stricto senso, nos termos definidos por Mattos e Silva (2008), e da Sociolinguística Laboviana (LABOV, 1972), para a qual a mudança deve ser explicada não somente por argumentos internos ao sistema, mas também pelos externos. A partir da análise dos dados, foram identificados os fatores linguísticos e sociais que mais condicionam a variação do fenômeno em questão.
Do infinitivo impessoal e pessoal - as regras de Jerônimo Soares Barbosa
Authors: Ranauro Hilma
Published: August 2019

Sabemos ser o infinitivo flexionado caso singular da língua portuguesa. Sobre isso muito se escreveu. As regras relacionadas por Jerônimo Soares Barbosa em sua Grammatica philosophica da lingua portugueza serviram de base ao que se veio a postular sobre o emprego do infinitivo flexionado em português, malgrado as críticas negativas de alguns de nossos estudiosos. Ponto importante a considerar é a sua observação quanto à correferência de sujeitos.
UCHÔA, C. E. Falcão. Iniciação à linguística: fundamentos essenciais
Authors: Cavaliere Ricardo
Published: August 2019

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Food Security Status of Pregnant Women in Yazd, Iran, 2014-2015
Authors: Rajizadeh Afsaneh , Tavakoli Maryam , Hajipour Mahmoud , Rabiey-Faradonbeh Maryam , Salehi-Abargouei Amin , Milani Bonab Ali , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh
Published: August 2019

Background: Food security status is an important indicator for measuring the level of individuals' access to sufficient and nutritious food. This study was conducted to investigating the food security status in pregnant women in Yazd, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 351 pregnant women with gestational age of 24 to 32 weeks were randomly selected. Food security status was measured by household food insecurity access scale (HAFIS) questionnaire. Demographic information was extracted from the health records of mothers. The data were analyzed using logistic regression test. Results: The mean age of studied women was 27.84 ± 5.46 years and the mean of their food security score was 3.45 ± 4.40. Food secure, marginal insecurity, and severe insecurity were observed in 45.6, 39, and 15.4 percent of participants, respectively. Socioeconomic status (SES) and non-Persian ethnicity had a significant relationship (P = 0.40) with food insecurity. Logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio of severe food insecurity in the low SES was 13 times higher than its odds in the high SES. The odds ratio of severe food insecurity for non-Persian was also 6 times higher than its odds for Persian people. Conclusion: More than half of the pregnant women were in the mild to severe range of food insecurity and the prevalence of this situation was higher in women with low social economic status and non-native groups.
Framework For Lossless Data Compression Using Python
Authors: Malik Manas
Published: August 2019

A lot has been done in the field of data compression, yet we don’t have a proper application for compressing daily usage files. There are appropriate and very specific tools online that provide files to be compressed and saved, but the content we use for streaming our videos, be it a Netflix video or a gaming theater play, data consumed is beyond the calculation of a user. Back-end developers know all about it and as developers we have acknowledged it but not yet achieved it in providing on an ease level. Since the user would not never be concerned about compression, developers can always take initiative while building the application to provide accessibility with compression before-hand. We have decided to create a framework that will provide all the functionality needed for a developer to add this feature. Making use of the python language this process can work. I’m a big fan of Python, mostly because it has a vibrant developer community that has helped produce an unparalleled collection of libraries that enable one to add features to applications quickly. For the DEFLATE lossless compression, has a higher level of abstraction provided by the zlib C library, in Python it is generally provided by the Python zlib library which is an interface, we have a lot to do including the audio, video and subtitles of the file. We also make use of the fabulous ffmpy library.  ffmpy is a Python library that provides access to the ffmpeg command line utility. ffmpeg is a command-line application that can perform several different kinds of transformations on video files, including video compression, which is the most commonly requested feature of ffmpeg. Frame rate and audio synchronization are few other parameters to look closely. This is an ongoing project and there remains few implementation aspects, data compression remains a concern when touched upon the design. We along with python community intend to solve this issue.
Evaluating Passwords User Behavior and the Psychology of Password Management
Authors: Alothman Walid Ali Sulaiman Ali
Published: August 2019

Regardless of how complex an association's security framework is, it stays helpless because of the human factor. Content based passwords are usually utilized for verification in figuring condition. Despite the fact that passwords are considered as the underlying line of assurance for users, they stay simple to compromise. To improve the security of frameworks, different password synthesis policies are embraced. These strategies guarantee that users are made to pick solid passwords that assistance anticipate online ruptures and information spills. Be that as it may, it likewise make passwords hard to retain and review, diminishing the general ease of use. In this examination we researched the ease of use of password strategies and users' view of password security. We additionally reviewed and examined the patterns practiced by users while producing passwords (Crantor, Hong and Reiter, 2016).

Users are not as mindful of security prerequisites and practices as they think. By far most of users' passwords are breakable within days or shorter. Strikingly, we found that the utilization of numbers and uppercase letters is common among clients. Numbers are generally utilized toward the end of the passwords and uppercase letters are for the most part utilized toward the start of passwords. The presence of such patterns makes it simpler for attackers to create progressively compelling dictionaries. In light of the examination in this investigation, we make suggestions to the IT office to improve the password policy (Shen, 2016).
Data Mining on 5G Technology IOT
Authors: Lammatha Kranthi K
Published: August 2019

Data Mining on 5G Technology IOT Currently, data mining is regarded as one of the essential factors for the next generation of mobile networks. Through research and data analysis, there are expectations that complexity of these networks will be overcome and it will be possible to carry out dynamic management and operation activities. In order to full comprehend the particulars of 5G network, there are certain kind of information that should be gathered by network components in order to be analyzed by a data mining scheme. The recent years have seen a tremendous effort put in the course of designing the 5th Generation of mobile networks (5G). The innovation of 5G mobile networks have been aimed at providing tailor cut solution for different kinds of industries particularly the telecommunication sector, intelligent transportation industries, health sector and even in smart factories. On the other hand, the scientific community has realized that big data solutions can significantly enhance the operation and management of both current and future mobile networks. Usually, data mining is employed in the course of discovering patterns and relationships between different variables particularly in large data sets. Through the use of statistical analysis, machine learning and artificial intelligence are used in the data set in the course of extracting necessary knowledge from the examined data. Data mining is integral in 5G technology because it is through data mining that 5G is considered different particularly through the ease in decision making process that has been offered by the system in order to mitigate some common challenges through a dynamic and proactive mechanism.
Improving the Intelligent Control of Magnetic Levitiation Ball Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Tochukwu Chijindu Asogwa , Edith Angela Ugwu
Published: August 2019

Forecasting the time series behavior of magnetic levitation system has been a major research objective for the last five decades. This is due to the challenges presented as a result of its dynamic nature in motion. Initially this problem was supposed to be solves by control engineering researchers using predictive control modeling. However, due to the robust nature of the technological application (high speed train, maglev ball, e.t.c), precision in the control system has been a major challenge according to Earnshaw’s theorem. This paper improves intelligent control of a magnetic levitation (ball) system using artificial neural network. First the maglev system plant is identified and then a Neuro controller is designed to predict the dynamic behavior of this system using feedback linearization process. The system will be design and simulated using neural network tool and Mathlab.
An Implementation of Selected Image Processing for Single and Multiple Processors
Authors: Bazzi Wafaa Ahmad
Published: August 2019

Image processing contributes on many of the technological advancements today. It is widely used by the developing institutes as well as a source of important data. One of the main things that are considered through this process would be the length of time on dealing with the application of different routines, on these images. Thus, time, being a valuable criterion for the efficiency of the systems, demands a better way for how these images will be managed. With the given situation, the idea of integrating a number of computers to perform image manipulation is considered. This uses the idea of parallel computing.
Design and Analysis of Erp Integration for Pari Fish Leather Smes in Yogyakarta Using Web Service Technology
Authors: Komansilan Reinhard , Iriani Ade
Published: August 2019

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) usually have limited markets and raw materials, so they cannot do mass production. The purpose of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) in Jogjakarta Pari Fish Leather SMEs is to maintain consumers and increase the effectiveness of using raw materials by integrating data on the production (factory) and marketing (shop / branch) sections using the SOAP method and REST web service. The results achieved are data integration between the marketing and manufacturing departments using SOAP and REST Web Service, as well as an ERP information and monitoring system that displays functions such as: sales charts, best-selling products, buyer's charts, and buyer's regional charts.
A Comparison between the Empirical and Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Methods
Authors: Shallal Dr. Mohammed , Ahmed Elsir Suliman
Published: August 2019

In this paper a comparative study has been carried out between the Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Methods and the Empirical Pavement Design Methods. For the purpose of this paper, nine pavement design sections have been prepared using the Mechanistic-Empirical Methods represented by the Asphalt Institute Design Method (SW-1 software of the Asphalt Institute) and the Empirical Design represented by AASHTO 1993 and TRL Road Note No.31, using the same traffic loading and subgrade strength. Three traffic loading scenarios have been considered for this study.

(Key words: Mechanistic-Empirical, Empirical, axle loads, Subgrade Strength, pavement design)
Numerical Study of Sediment Flow Over Bottom Intake Racks With Flow-3D
Authors: Zamanieh Shahri Seyed Mahyar , Khoshnevis Seyed Alireza , Bina Keivan , Aboutalebi Seyed Armin
Published: August 2019

Bottom intakes are the most useful structure for diverting the flow of steep rivers and providing specific amount of water for hydropower usage. It is crucial to obtain optimum of physical parameters in order to divert desired discharge with minimum possibility of occlusion. Numerical models can simulate flow and turbulence transport equations at any complex geometries. Numerical methods based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), are one of the most common methods of numerical simulation that is used in water structures. According to the capabilities of numerical methods, complex modes of flow field over bottom intakes can be analyzed. In the present study, Flow-3D software is used to investigate the experimental results of the previous researcher for sediment and clean water flow over bottom intake with circular bars numerically. This study is carried out in a total of 27 models for clean water and 9 models of sediment flow (Bed-Load) at different approaching flow conditions. Parameters of roughness, size of computational cell, turbulence transport equation, Bed Load Transport equation and bed load coefficient has been calibrated. Validation procedure proved that the accuracy and performance of numerical models appear to be acceptable for designing intake systems. For each test, the discharge coefficient is computed, then by using dimensional analysis, a dimensionless relation derived from the dependent and independent variables and compared with the measured discharge coefficient. Estimating the discharge coefficient by the proposed equation in clean water flow performed a mean error of 6.4 percent and for sediment flow led to a mean error of 4.3 percent.
The Role of Project Management in the success of Small Businesses
Authors: Abdulrahman Bazhar , Abdal Kahi
Published: August 2019

This paper shows the importance and effect of project management on the successes of the small business project. Additionally, the key factors that lead to the success and make the project to reach the planned target, as well as to the continued successes of the project life through studying the development of project management history and highlights what can lead to this successes for the projects in the small business. The competitive in the market is very difficult to survive, but it is obvious that big dreams start from small steps.