bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on Composite Braking Mode Switching Strategy Based on Fuzzy Algorithm
Authors: Zheng Zhu'An , Liang Cang , Lv Hongming , Zhang Kun , Zhang Weiyang
Published: December 2022

Aiming at the cruising range of electric vehicles, this paper proposes a control strategy for electric vehicle electromechanical composite braking mode switching based on motor braking force correction. The braking force of the motor is adjusted by factors such as braking intensity to improve the braking energy recovery, and the braking force distribution curve is designed considering the braking energy and braking safety and stability. The research results show the braking time, braking torque, and battery charge. The peak value of discharge current has been improved, and the braking energy recovery efficiency has increased by 9.17% and 3.32% respectively under different working conditions. Under different braking modes with an initial speed of 30 km h−1, the braking energy recovered by the battery has increased by 16.04 , 3.89, 9.63 kJ, the braking time and braking distance are also shorter, which highlights the superiority of this control strategy.
Chirales Porphyrin durch Einbau in metallorganisches Gerüst erlaubt fotoleitende Filme für die Detektion von zirkular polarisiertem Licht
Authors: Li Chun , Schopmans Henrik , Langer Lukas , Marschner Stefan , Chandresh Abhinav , Bürck Jochen , Tsuchiya Youichi , Chihaya Adachi , Wenzel Wolfgang , Bräse Stefan , Kozlowska Mariana , Heinke Lars
Published: December 2022

Während Materialien auf der Basis organischer Moleküle in der Regel entweder exzellente optoelektronische oder exzellente chirale Eigenschaften aufweisen, ist die Kombination aus beiden selten. Hier wird ein kristalliner chiroptischer Film auf Basis von Porphyrin mit homochiralen Seitengruppen vorgestellt. Während das gelöste Molekül einen planaren, also achiralen Porphyrin‐Kern hat, ist der Porphyrin‐Kern beim Einbau in einen metallorganischen Gerüstfilm (MOF) verdreht und chiral. Die dichte Packung und die kristalline Ordnung der Porphyrinmoleküle im MOF‐Film führen auch zu hervorragenden optoelektronischen Eigenschaften. Durch Anregung des Soret‐Bandes von Porphyrin wird eine effiziente Fotoleitung mit einem hohen An‐Aus‐Verhältnis erreicht. Noch wichtiger ist, dass eine von der Händigkeit abhängige Fotoleitfähigkeit von zirkular polarisiertem Licht mit einem Dissymmetriefaktor g von 4.3×10−4 erreicht wird. Wir gehen davon aus, dass die Kombination solcher chiralen Filme mit der reichhaltigen Porphyrinchemie eine Fülle von organischen Materialien mit außergewöhnlichen chiralen und optoelektronischen Eigenschaften ermöglichen wird.
On the Reactivity of Phosphaalumenes towards C−C Multiple Bonds
Authors: Nees Samuel , Wellnitz Tim , Dankert Fabian , Härterich Marcel , Dotzauer Simon , Feldt Milica , Braunschweig Holger , Hering‐Junghans Christian
Published: December 2022

Heterocycles containing group 13 and 15 elements such as borazines are an integral part of organic, biomedical and materials chemistry. Surprisingly, heterocycles containing P and Al are rare. We have now utilized phosphaalumenes in reactions with alkynes, alkenes and conjugated double bond systems. With sterically demanding alkynes 1,2‐phosphaalumetes were afforded, whereas the reaction with HCCH or HCCSiMe3gave 1,4‐phosphaaluminabarrelenes. Using styrene saturated 1,2‐phosphaalumates were formed, which reacted further with additional styrene to give different regio‐isomers of 1,4‐aluminaphosphorinanes. Using ethylene, a 1,4‐aluminaphosphorinane is obtained, while with 1,3‐butadiene a bicyclic system containing an aluminacyclopentane and a phosphirane unit was synthesized. The experimental work is supported by theoretical studies to shed light on the mechanism governing the formation of these heterocycles.
Chemical abundances in the dwarf galaxy NGC 4163 based on the nebular and auroral emission lines
Authors: Zinchenko I. A. , Pilyugin L. S.
Published: December 2022

We constructed an oxygen abundance map and N/O ratio map of the unusually low excitation dwarf irregular galaxy NGC 4163 based on publicly available spectroscopy obtained by the MaNGA survey. We detected auroral emission line [O II]7320,7330 which allows us to measure chemical abundance by direct method. We found that the scatter of the oxygen abundance derived by the strong line method is large. The oxygen abundances 12 + log(O/H) derived by strong line method vary from to with a mean value of . The oxygen abundances derived in two apertures of 2 arcseconds by the direct method using our measurements of the auroral line is about 7.8 dex. The nitrogen‐to‐oxygen ratio of about −1.5 is typical value for a low metallicity galaxy, maybe slightly shifted towards higher N/O ratios with respect to the N/O values in the H II regions in nearby galaxies. An unusual negative trend between (N/O) and oxygen abundance is detected. NGC 4163 is a gas‐poor galaxy with a neutral atomic gas mass fraction of around 0.25. The oxygen abundance in the galaxy is only around 0.1 of the oxygen abundance potentially attainable in a galaxy with such a gas mass fraction. The low metallicity coupled with the low gas mass fraction implies that either the metallicity of the interstellar medium of the galaxy was reduced by pristine gas infall in the recent epoch or the evolution of this galaxy was accompanied by strong galactic winds.
Teotihuacán as a solar city in its graphic representation
Authors: Cabrera Verónica Ortega , Esteban Edith Vergara , del Castillo Gómez Enrique Raymundo
Published: December 2022

In this work, we present a proposal for the identification of the origin of the name of the pre‐Columbian urban center of Teotihuacan, the city of gods, based on its toponym structured in geographic accidents or the work of its inhabitants. A historical investigation was carried out, contrasted with an ethnohistorical work and, finally, a series of field observations. We concluded that the name Teotihuacán corresponds to the image registered in the Codex Xólotl, corresponding to a real, observable and measurable event, which is the sunrise located behind the three main buildings of the city, on certain dates of the year, which tells us that the entire city was designed, thought and planned on basis of the sun′s movement in the sky. This is not a new fact, frequently observed in other ancient sites in Mesoamerica. However, in the particular case of Teotihuacan, these events were of such importance and so unique that they lead us do not to discard the idea that the city constituted a great stone clock and a stone calendar, and that it was an unique mark for all inhabitants of the central plateau of Mesoamerica during the classical period. And that even in the post‐classical period it was still remembered precisely as such, as the City of the Sun, a singular place where one can perfectly see the solar alignments at different periods of the year, which are also related to the dry or rainy seasons of the central plateau, associated with the corresponding agricultural cycles. And this leads us to conjecture that the Teotihuacan knowledge of astronomy and agricultural cycles was an important mark of this city, bringing together all the knowledge in turn gathered in these fields by the other civilizations of Mesoamerica.
Prepare for more student‐athlete agents (and regulatory burden) in wake of NIL modernization
Authors: Mayne Nic , Forer Max
Published: December 2022

California's introduction of the Fair Pay to Play Act in late 2019 kicked off a multistate legislative effort to codify into law student‐athletes’ right of publicity and ability to receive compensation in connection with licensed uses of those rights. In its eventual response, the NCAA modernized its name, image, and likeness restrictions with a short‐form interim policy, mirroring the key aspects of the state bills that had at that point been passed into law.
Partnership between housing, disability services can improve access for students
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: December 2022

Even before the COVID‐19 pandemic, students with disabilities reported limited housing options and that the available units were inaccessible, socially isolating, or both, said Sarah Young, Ed.D., Director of Disability Support Services at Trinity Washington University.
Managing antithrombotic treatment in a patient with atrial fibrillation and coronary stent with transient neurological symptoms in cerebral amyloid angiopathy
Authors: Ravn Julie , Sejbæk Tobias , Bor Mustafa Vakur
Published: December 2022

We present the antithrombotic dilemma in a case with atrial fibrillation and a coronary stent and suspected transient ischemic attacks after diagnosed as a probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy and discuss plausible treatment options for the patient based on the available evidence.
Disseminated cutaneous lesions in an HIV‐positive patient—Is there more than meets the eye?
Authors: de Sousa Maia Daniela S. N. , Seganfredo Fernanda Braga , Nunes Albertina Figueiredo
Published: December 2022

A patient living with HIV developed disseminated erythematous plaques and the biopsy was consistent with hematological neoplasm infiltration. Further evaluation revealed hepatosplenomegaly, anemia, thrombocytopenia, and leukocytosis, with 33% myeloblasts. Bone marrow assessment confirmed acute myelomonocytic leukemia, with NPM1 mutation. The patient was treated with a conventional induction regimen obtaining complete remission.
A unique case of very low‐dose subcutaneous ketamine use: Maintenance option of ketamine for treatment‐resistant depression
Authors: Can Adem T. , Hermens Daniel F. , Lagopoulos Jim
Published: December 2022

Numerous studies have demonstrated that low‐dose subanesthetic intravenous ketamine infusion treatment leads to rapid improvement of treatment‐resistant depression. The following case report describes the use of a very low‐dose subcutaneous ketamine as a form of maintenance in a patient with severe treatment‐resistant depression using a retrospective chart review.
A differential item functioning study of counseling competencies scale‐revised scores
Authors: Moore C. Missy , Mullen Patrick R. , Hinchey Kaitlin J. , Lambie Glenn W.
Published: December 2022

Our study examines the differential item functioning of the Counselor Competencies Scale—Revised (CCS‐R) scores due to respondents’ gender, the type of evaluation, and a combination of these two variables using a large sample (N = 1614). Implications of the findings are offered to inform counselor educators and supervisors using the CCS‐R and similar supervisee assessment measures.
Electronic Structure and Magnetic Properties of a High‐Spin MnIIIComplex: [Mn(mesacac)3] (mesacac=1,3‐Bis(2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl)‐propane‐1,3‐dionato)
Authors: Strassner Nina M. , Stipurin Sergej , Koželj Primož , Grin Yuri , Strassner Thomas
Published: December 2022

Metal acetylacetonates of the general formula [M(acac)3] (MIII=Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) are among the best investigated coordination compounds. Many of these first‐row transition metal complexes are known to have unique electronic properties. Independently, photophysical research with different β‐diketonate ligands pointed towards the possibility of a special effect of the 2,4,6‐trimethylphenyl substituted acetylacetonate (mesacac) on the electron distribution between ligand and metal (MLCT). We therefore synthesized and fully characterized the previously unknown octahedral title complex. Its solid‐state structure shows a Jahn‐Teller elongation with two Mn−O bonds of 2.12/2.15 Å and four Mn−O bonds of 1.93 Å. Thermogravimetric data show a thermal stability up to 270 °C. High‐resolution mass spectroscopy helped to identify the decomposition pathways. The electronic state and spin configuration of manganese were characterized with a focus on its magnetic properties by measurement of the magnetic susceptibility and triple‐zeta density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The high‐spin state of manganese was confirmed by the determination of an effective magnetic moment of 4.85 μBfor the manganese center.
The contribution of psychological flexibility to functioning in people living with cancer‐related pain
Authors: Duarte Joana , Björkstrand Frida Köhler , McCracken Lance , Perrin Sean
Published: December 2022

Background

Studies of individuals with non‐cancer‐related chronic pain find that higher levels of psychological flexibility (PF) are associated with less distress, better functioning, and a better response to treatment. People diagnosed with cancer are at a significantly increased risk of developing chronic cancer‐related pain, the presence of which is associated with poorer health outcomes. Little is known about whether PF is applicable to cancer pain. The current study investigates the relationship between chronic cancer‐related pain, distress and functioning, and three theoretical processes proposed by the PF model: pain acceptance, present‐moment focus, and committed action.

Methods

Adults (n = 246) with a cancer diagnosis (current or previous), and living in Sweden, completed an online survey involving standardized measures of cancer‐related pain (intensity and impairment), depression, fatigue, PF and social stigma.

Results

Moderate to strong correlations were found between PF and all variables. In regression analyses, PF, and particularly pain acceptance, accounted for a large and significant proportion of the observed variance in depression, pain‐related and overall functioning, after controlling for cancer status, pain intensity and social stigma.

Conclusion

Consistent with studies of non‐cancer‐related pain, higher levels of PF were strongly associated with lower levels of distress and better functioning in individuals with cancer‐related pain. Further studies are needed to further explore these relationships and to determine whether psychosocial treatments targeting PF may be of benefit to people with chronic cancer‐related pain.

Significance

This study explores the relationship between cancer‐related pain (intensity and impairment), depression, fatigue, overall functioning, social stigma and PF. The findings suggest that higher levels of PF are associated with lower levels of distress and improved functioning in chronic cancer‐related pain, after controlling for cancer status (current, in remission), pain intensity and social stigma.
Maximal exposure of the parapharyngeal internal carotid artery via transnasal and transoral corridors
Authors: Li Lifeng , Zhou Jing , Xu Hongbo , Jin Yonggang , Chen Xiaohong , Carrau Ricardo L.
Published: December 2022

Background

The parapharyngeal internal carotid artery (pICA) could be surgically exposed through the transnasal and transoral corridors. However, their potential degree of exposure has not been established sufficiently. This study aims to elucidate the maximal exposure of the pICA via the transnasal and transoral corridors.

Methods

An endonasal transpterygoid nasopharyngectomy for exposure of the pICA was performed on eight cadaveric specimens (16 sides), while a transoral approach for exposure of the pICA was performed on six additional specimens (12 sides). In addition, the CT angiography of 60 consecutive patients (120 sides) was analyzed to establish the potential maximal exposure of the pICA through each corridor.

Results

The hard palate becomes a restricting factor for the inferior exposure of the pICA via the transnasal approach, whereas the entire pICA segment could be adequately displayed through the transoral corridor. The maximal exposed length of the pICA for a transnasal and transoral approach was 3.08 ± 0.30 cm and 6.56 ± 0.57 cm, respectively. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

An endonasal exposure of the pICA seems limited to its superior aspect, whereas the transoral corridor could provide adequate exposure of the entire length of pICA.
15‐days duration of venetoclax combined with azacitidine in the treatment of relapsed/refractory high‐risk myelodysplastic syndromes: A retrospective single‐center study
Authors: Mei Chen , Ye Li , Ren Yanling , Zhou Xinping , Ma Liya , Xu Gaixiang , Xu Weilai , Lu Chenxi , Yang Haiyang , Luo Yingwan , Jiang Lingxu , Lang Wei , Zhu HongHu , Jin Jie , Tong Hongyan
Published: December 2022

The treatment of patients with refractory and/or relapsed (R/R) high‐risk myelodysplastic syndrome (HR‐MDS) remains a daunting clinical challenge. Venetoclax is a selective BCL‐2 inhibitor, which combined with hypomethylating agents (HMAs), increased responses and prolonged survival in unfit and previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia. We performed a retrospective study of patients with R/R HR‐MDS receiving combination azacytidine (AZA) plus 15‐days duration of venetoclax (VEN‐15d) in order to determine their efficacy and toxicity in this context. We showed that the overall response rate was 57.2% (20/35) and the median over survival was 14 months in R/R MDS. The most common treatment‐emergent adverse events were peripheral blood cytopenias and infectious complications. Our retrospective study showed that the real‐world experience of treating R/R MDS with AZA plus VEN‐15d highlights an encouraging response rate with myelosuppression being the major toxicity. Of note, VEN‐15d with AZA may salvage patients failing to respond optimally to HMAs and reduce the disease‐burden for subsequent allogeneic stem cell transplantation in our analysis. These data of combination AZA plus VEN‐15d in R/R MDS warrant further prospective evaluation in clinical trials.
Family caregivers' experience with healthcare and social care professionals and their participation in health checkups: A cross sectional study in Japan
Authors: Nakayama Gen , Masumoto Shoichi , Haruta Junji , Maeno Tetsuhiro
Published: December 2022

Background

For family caregivers, who are generally regarded as a vulnerable population, having regular checkups is a desirable health behavior. This study examined family caregivers' habit of having regular checkups prior to becoming involved with professionals who care for patients, and whether they had had recent checkups. We then examined the association between family caregivers' experience with professionals and their participation in checkups after adjusting for the past habit.

Methods

We conducted a cross sectional survey in Japan between November and December 2020. We recruited family caregivers who were aged 40–74 years and caring for community‐dwelling adult patients. The outcome variable was whether family caregivers had undergone any health checkups since April 2019. We assessed family caregivers' experience using the Japanese version of the Caregivers' Experience Instrument (J‐IEXPAC CAREGIVERS).

Results

Of the 1091 recruited family caregivers, 629 were included in the analysis. Of these, 358 had previously undergone regular checkups, and 158 had no checkups or selected the option “unknown.” Outcome rates in each group were 74.6% and 43.0%, respectively, and 62.0% for all 629 caregivers. Multivariate modified Poisson regression analysis revealed that among the J‐IEXPAC CAREGIVERS scores, only the domain score for attention for the caregiver was significantly associated with family caregivers' participation in checkups (adjusted prevalence ratio per 1 SD increase = 1.07; 95% CI 1.01–1.14).

Conclusions

Among family caregivers' experience with professionals, the factor that focused on caregivers themselves was significantly associated with their participation in checkups. This finding underscores the significance of caregiver‐focused care.
Using school–university partnerships as a development tool in low‐income countries: The case of Myanmar
Authors: Halász Gábor , Thant Sin Khin Khin
Published: December 2022

This article suggests that creating school–university partnerships is a powerful educational development tool not only in highly developed systems but also in low‐income contexts. Using the example of Myanmar, it presents these partnerships as a multi‐functional tool. This tool supports seven functional areas: teacher learning and professional development, educational research, school improvement, university improvement, curriculum design and reform implementation, generating and spreading educational innovations, and enhancing participation and social dialogue. The article also suggests that international development organizations should consider the creation of school–university cooperation as an effective form of intervention in contexts of underdevelopment.
Addition of galactose‐1‐phosphate measurement enhances newborn screening for classical galactosemia
Authors: Daas Suha , Abu Salah Nasser , Anikster Yair , Barel Ortal , Damseh Nadirah S. , Dumin Elena , Fattal‐Valevski Aviva , Falik‐Zaccai Tzipora C. , Habib Clair , Josefsberg Sagi , Korman Stanley H. , Kneller Katya , Landau Yuval , Lerman‐Sagie Tally , Mandel Hanna , Manor Yehoshua , Moady Abdalla Tameemi , Rock Rachel , Rostami Nira , Saada Ann , Saraf‐Levy Talya , Shaul Lotan Nava , Spiegel Ronen , Staretz‐Chacham Orna , Tal Galit , Ulanovsky Igor , Vaisid Taly , Wilnai Yael , Almashanu Shlomo
Published: December 2022

Galactosemia is an inborn disorder of carbohydrate metabolism of which early detection can prevent severe illness. Although the assay for galactose‐1‐phosphate uridyltransferase (GALT) enzyme activity has been available since the 1960s, many issues prevented it from becoming universal. In order to develop the Israeli newborn screening pilot algorithm for galactosemia, flow injection analysis tandem mass spectrometry measurement of galactose‐1‐phosphate in archived dried blood spots from newborns with classical galactosemia, galactosemia variants, epimerase deficiency, and normal controls, was conducted. Out of 431 330 newborns screened during the pilot study (30 months), two with classical galactosemia and four with epimerase deficiency were identified and confirmed. Five false positives and no false negatives were recorded. Following this pilot study, the Israeli final and routine newborn screening algorithm, as recommended by the Advisory Committee to the National Newborn Screening Program, now consists of galactose‐1‐phosphate measurement integrated into the routine tandem mass spectrometry panel as the first‐tier screening test, and GALT enzyme activity as the second‐tier performed to identify only newborns suspected to be at risk for classical galactosemia. The GALT enzyme activity cut‐off used in the final algorithm was lowered in order to avoid false positives.
Bacterial profiles and their antibiotic resistance background in superinfections caused by multidrug‐resistant bacteria among COVID‐19 ICU patients from southwest Iran
Authors: Akrami Sousan , Montazeri Effat Abbasi , Saki Morteza , Neisi Niloofar , Khedri Reza , Dini Sahar Allah , Motlagh Atefeh Akbari , Ahmadi Fatemeh
Published: December 2022

This study investigated the bacterial causes of superinfections and their antibiotic resistance pattern in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of Razi Hospital in Ahvaz, southwest Iran. In this cross‐sectional study, endotracheal tube (ETT) secretion samples of 77 intubated COVID‐19 patients, confirmed by reverse transcription‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction, were investigated by standard microbiology test and analytical profile index kit. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc diffusion. The presence of Haemophilus influenzae and Mycoplasma pneumoniae was investigated by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using culture and PCR methods, 56 (72.7%) of the 77 COVID‐19 patients (mean age of 55 years, 29 male and 27 female) had superinfections. Using culture, 67 isolates including 29 (43.2%) Gram‐positive and 38 (56.7%) Gram‐negative bacteria (GNB) were identified from 49 COVID‐19 patients. The GNB were more predominant than the Gram‐positive pathogens. Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.4%, n = 19/67) was the most common isolate followed by Staphylococcus aureus (22.4%, n = 15/67). Using PCR, 10.4% (8/77) and 11.7% (9/77) of ETT secretion specimens had H. influenzae and M. pneumoniae amplicons, respectively. Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative isolates showed high resistance rates (>70.0%) to majority of the tested antibiotics including fluoroquinolone, carbapenems, and cephalosporins and 68.7% (46/67) of isolates were multidrug‐resistant (MDR). This study showed a high frequency rate of superinfections by MDR bacteria among COVID‐19 patients in southwest Iran. The prevention of long‐term consequences caused by COVID‐19, demands continuous antibiotic surveillance particularly in management of bacterial superinfections.
Soy protein increases cognitive level in mice by modifying hippocampal nerve growth, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota
Authors: Dong Beijia , Qi Yuanjin , Sundas Hina , Yang Ruiqi , Zhou Jie , Li Zhicheng
Published: December 2022

BACKGROUND

Three kinds of diet containing chicken protein isolate (CPI), bovine milk protein isolate (BMPI), and soy protein isolate (SPI), respectively, were designed to investigate the influences of proteins on cognitive levels and related mechanisms in mice.

RESULTS

A Morris water maze (MWM) test showed that the SPI group had a higher cognitive level than the BMPI group. Immunohistochemical staining and chemical analysis of the hippocampus showed that the SPI group had higher synaptophysin expression, doublecortin‐positive cell proportion, superoxide dismutase activity, and lower malondialdehyde content compared with the BMPI group. The same parameters in the CPI group were between those of the BMPI and SPI groups. Microbiome sequencing indicated that the three groups differed significantly at the phylum, genus, and species levels, with higher microbial alpha diversity in the CPI and SPI groups. The association of intestinal microbiota with cognitive improvement was also assessed. The present study suggests that soy protein may increase cognitive function by the gut‐brain axis.

CONCLUSION

In contrast with CPI and BMPI, SPI had a better effect on improving the cognitive level in mice, which was achieved through the regulation of hippocampal neural growth, oxidative stress, and intestinal microbiota. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Variation in hospital utilization of palliative interventions for patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer near end of life
Authors: Chen Vivi W. , Portuondo Jorge I. , Cooper Zara , Massarweh Nader N.
Published: December 2022

Background

Patients with advanced gastrointestinal (GI) cancer often undergo noncurative interventions with palliative intent to relieve high symptom burden near end of life. Hospital‐level variation in intervention utilization remains unclear.

Methods

National cohort study of 142 304 patients with stage III or IV GI cancer within the National Cancer Database (2004–2014) who died within 1‐year of diagnosis. Hospitals were stratified by palliative intervention utilization (surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, pain management). Multivariable, multinomial regression evaluated the association between patient/hospital factors and palliative intervention utilization.

Results

Across 1322 hospitals, median hospital palliative intervention utilization was 12.0% [interquartile range: 0.0%–26.1%]. Utilization increased over time in all but lowest utilizing hospitals. Relative to lowest utilizing hospitals, factors associated with a lower likelihood of care at highest utilizing hospitals included: race (White [ref]; Black—Relative Risk Ratio [RRR] 0.81, 95% confidence interval [0.77–0.85]) and lower income (RRR 0.81 [0.78–0.84]). Factors associated with a higher likelihood included: lower education level (RRR 1.62 [1.55–1.69]) and hospital type (community program [ref]; comprehensive community—RRR 1.33 [1.26–1.41]; academic—RRR 1.88 [1.77–1.99]; integrated network—RRR 1.79 [1.66–1.93]).

Conclusion

Hospital variation in palliative intervention use is substantial and potentially associated with sociodemographic and hospital characteristics. Future work can examine how differences in hospital care processes translate to quantity/quality of life for cancer patients.
Controllability and consumers' preference for sad and happy esthetic stimuli when feeling sad
Authors: Zhang Yu , Hui Michael K. , Du Jiangang
Published: December 2022

Drawing on the coping and emotion regulation literature, we argue that when consumers feel sad after a failure, their relative preference for sad (vs. happy) esthetic stimuli is a function of controllability or the extent to which the responsible party have control over the cause of the failure. Specially, when feeling sad, consumers' preference for sad (vs. happy) esthetic stimuli will increase (decrease) with controllability because sad esthetic stimuli facilitate approach‐oriented coping by maintaining consumers' attention toward the failure that elicits their sadness while happy esthetic stimuli facilitate avoidance‐oriented coping by diverting their attention away from the failure. The findings of four experiments provide evidence supporting the hypothesized effect of controllability on consumers' preference for sad (vs. happy) esthetic stimuli, and the predicted mediating role of attention deployment (toward the failure vs. away from the failure) in explaining the effect.
Obtaining a representation of the solution of the Cauchy problem for one equation with a fractional derivative and applying it to the equation of forced beam vibrations
Authors: Irgashev Bakhrom
Published: December 2022

In the article, a representation of the solution of a Cauchy‐type problem for a high‐order equation with a fractional Hilfer derivative is obtained. The uniqueness of the solution of the stated problem is shown. The obtained solutions are applied to obtain a unique solution of the Cauchy problem for the equation of forced vibrations of the beam.
Effects of dietary methionine restriction on age‐related changes in perivascular and beiging adipose tissues in the mouse
Authors: McGilvrey Marissa , Fortier Bethany , Tero Benjamin , Cooke Diana , Cooper Emily , Walker Jeffrey , Koza Robert , Ables Gene , Liaw Lucy
Published: December 2022

Objective

Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) regulates vascular health. Dietary methionine restriction (MetR) impacts age‐related adiposity, and this study addresses its effects in PVAT.

Methods

Male C57BL/6 mice at 8, 52, and 102 weeks of age were fed a standard (0.86%) or low‐methionine (0.12%) diet for 52 weeks in 8‐week‐old and 52‐week‐old mice and for 15 weeks in 102‐week‐old mice.

Results

Mice with dietary MetR were resistant to weight gain and maintained a healthy blood profile. Aging increased lipid accumulation, and MetR reversed this phenotype. Notch signaling in inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) was decreased by MetR but increased in gonadal white adipose tissue. However, the Notch phenotype of brown adipose tissue (BAT) was not affected by MetR. Uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) was increased in PVAT, iWAT, and BAT by MetR when initiated in young mice, but this effect was lost in middle‐aged mice.

Conclusions

Lipid in mouse PVAT peaked at 1 year of age, consistent with peak body mass. MetR reduced body weight, normalized metabolic parameters, and decreased lipid in PVAT in all age cohorts. Mice fed a MetR diet from early maturity to 1 year of age displayed an increased thermogenic adipocyte phenotype in iWAT, PVAT, and BAT, all tissues with thermogenic capacity.
More than just body mass index: Using the Edmonton obesity staging system for pediatrics to define obesity severity in a multi‐ethnic Australian pediatric clinical cohort
Authors: Southcombe Faye , Vivekanandarajah Sinthu , Krstic Slavica , Lin Fang , Chay Paul , Williams Mandy , Khan Jahidur Rahman , Hu Nan , Eapen Valsa , Dennis Sarah , Denney‐Wilson Elizabeth , Lingam Raghu
Published: December 2022

Background

Despite advancements in the use of body mass index (BMI) to categorize obesity severity in pediatrics, its utility in guiding individual clinical decision making remains limited. The Edmonton Obesity Staging System for Pediatrics (EOSS‐P) provides a way to categorize the medical and functional impacts of obesity according to the severity of impairment. The aim of this study was to describe the severity of obesity among a sample of multicultural Australian children using both BMI and EOSS‐P tools.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study included children aged 2–17 years receiving obesity treatment through the Growing Health Kids (GHK) multi‐disciplinary weight management service in Australia between January to December 2021. BMI severity was determined using the 95th percentile for BMI on age and gender standardized Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) growth charts. The EOSS‐P staging system was applied across the four health domains (metabolic, mechanical, mental health and social milieu) using clinical information.

Results

Complete data was obtained for 338 children (age 10.0 ± 3.66 years), of whom 69.5% were affected by severe obesity. An EOSS‐P stage 3 (most severe) was assigned to 49.7% of children, the remaining 48.5% were assigned stage 2 and 1.5% were assigned stage 1 (least severe). BMI predicted health risk as defined by EOSS‐P overall score. BMI class did not predict poor mental health.

Conclusion

Used in combination, BMI and EOSS‐P provide improved risk stratification of pediatric obesity. This additional tool can help focus resources and develop comprehensive multidisciplinary treatment plans.
Ultrasound‐guided injection of the hip: Cadaveric description for the lateral approach
Authors: Mezian Kamal , Ricci Vincenzo , Mittal Nimish , Novotný Tomáš , Chang Ke‐Vin , Özçakar Levent , Naňka Ondřej
Published: December 2022

Background

Ultrasound (US)‐guided intraarticular hip joint injections are commonly performed using an in‐plane anterior approach, which has several limitations.

Objective

To describe and report a “lateral” (lateral to medial) approach for US‐guided intraarticular hip injection.

Design

Cadaveric investigation.

Setting

Academic institution, department of anatomy.

Participants

One cadaveric specimen.

Methods

Both hips of a single cadaver were injected using the US‐guided lateral approach. In the left hip, the needle was inserted and kept in situ. The right hip was injected with white‐colored water‐diluted latex dye. Subsequently, a layer‐by‐layer anatomical dissection was performed.

Main Outcome Measures

Presence and distribution of latex dye and location of needle tip within the joint capsule of the hip.

Results

Anatomical dissection of the left and right hips confirmed the correct intraarticular position of the needle tip and the placement of the latex dye, respectively. During layer‐by‐layer dissection of the left hip, positions of the lateral cutaneous nerve and the lateral circumflex femoral artery were observed anterior to the needle, 30 mm for the nerve and 8 mm for the artery.

Conclusions

This preliminary study demonstrated that the US‐guided lateral approach is a convenient technique to access the hip joint in a cadaveric specimen. Compared with the “classical” anterior technique, the lateral approach may provide several advantages, including improved needle visibility, theoretically decreased risk of vascular injury, and less risk of needle contamination. Because injury to the lateral epiphyseal arteries is possible when lateral approach is used, caution is required, especially in children. These preliminary conclusions will need to be validated in future/larger clinical studies.
Recent Advances and Perspectives of Core‐Shell Nanostructured Materials for Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction
Authors: Guo Rui‐tang , Wang Juan , Bi Zhe‐xu , Chen Xin , Hu Xing , Pan Wei‐guo
Published: December 2022

Photocatalytic CO2 conversion into solar fuels is a promising technology to alleviate CO2 emissions and energy crises. The development of core‐shell structured photocatalysts brings many benefits to the photocatalytic CO2 reduction process, such as high conversion efficiency, sufficient product selectivity, and endurable catalyst stability. Core‐shell nanostructured materials with excellent physicochemical features take an irreplaceable position in the field of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. In this review, the recent development of core‐shell materials applied for photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is introduced. First, the basic principle of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is introduced. In detail, the classification and synthesis techniques of core‐shell catalysts are discussed. Furthermore, it is also emphasized that the excellent properties of the core‐shell structure can greatly improve the activity, selectivity, and stability in the process of photocatalytic CO2 reduction. Hopefully, this paper can provide a favorable reference for the preparation of efficient photocatalysts for CO2 reduction.
The role of stimulator of interferon genes‐mediated AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K autophagy pathway in cyfluthrin‐induced testicular injury
Authors: Zhao Ji , Ma Li‐Ya , Xie Yong‐Xin , Zhu Ling‐Qin , Ni Wen‐Si , Wang Rui , Song Ya‐Nan , Li Xiao‐Yu , Yang Hui‐Fang
Published: December 2022

Cyfluthrin is widely used in the field of sanitary pest control by its wide insecticidal spectrum, high efficiency and low toxicity, low residue, and good biodegradability. But, as a double‐edged sword, a large amount of cyfluthrin remains are still in the environment. The residual cyfluthrin is absorbed into the food chain through vegetation and then poses a risk to soil organisms and human health. Several studies have suggested that cyfluthrin is one of the main factors causing testicular damage, but the mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we established in vivo and in vitro models of testicular injury in rats and GC‐2 cells exposed to cyfluthrin to explore whether stimulator of interferon genes (STING) gene mediates the regulation of AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K autophagy pathway, which lays a foundation for further study of the mechanism of testicular injury induced by cyfluthrin. The results showed that the activity of super oxide dismutase in testis decreased and the activity of malonic dialdehyde increased with the increase of concentration in vivo and in vitro. At the same time, the levels of mitochondrial damage and inflammation in the testis also increased, which further activated autophagy. In this process, the increased level of inflammation is related to the increased expression of STING gene, and AMPK/mTOR/p70S6K autophagy pathway is also involved. To sum up, cyfluthrin has certain reproductive toxicity, and long‐term exposure can induce testicular cell damage. STING gene can participate in cyfluthrin‐induced testicular injury through AMPK/mTOR/P70S6K autophagy pathway.
SARS‐CoV‐2 infection of companion animals in Egypt and its risk of spillover
Authors: Hamdy Mervat E. , El‐Deeb Ayman H. , Hagag Naglaa M. , Shahein Momtaz A. , Liyanage Namal P. M. , Shalaan Mohamed , Hussein Hussein A.
Published: December 2022

Background

Reverse zoonoses occur because of interactions between humans and animals. Homology of ACE‐2 cell receptors in different hosts and high mutation rate of SARS‐CoV‐2 enhance viral transmission among species.

Objectives

This study aimed to investigate spillover of SARS‐CoV‐2 between humans and companion animals.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was constructed using nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs, serum and blood samples collected from 66 companion animals (33 cats and 33 dogs) that were in contact with SARS‐CoV‐2‐positive owners from December 2020 to March 2021. Swabs were screened by rRT‐PCR and some positive cases were confirmed by partial spike gene sequencing. Clinical pathology and pathological studies were also performed.

Results

Our findings revealed that 30% of cats (10/33) and 24% of dogs (8/33) were SARS‐CoV‐2 positive. While 33% of these animals were asymptomatic (6/18), 28% showed mild respiratory signs (5/18) and 39% displayed severe respiratory signs (7/18) including 4 dead cats 40% (4/10). Partial spike gene sequencing of 6 positive samples collected in December 2020 were identical to SARS‐CoV‐2 that was detected in humans in Egypt in that time frame. Clinical pathology findings revealed thrombocytopenia, lymphocytopenia, as well as elevated levels of D‐dimer, LDH, CRP, and ferritin. Post‐mortem and histopathological examinations illustrated multisystemic effects.

Conclusions

There is a potential occurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 spillover between humans and pet animals.

Impacts

The present study highlighted the potential occurrence of SARS‐CoV‐2 spillover between humans and their companion animals.

Biosecurity measures should be applied to decrease spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 among humans and pet animals.
Why Refugee Genres? Refugee Representation and Cultural Form
Authors: Classon Frangos Mike , Ghose Sheila
Published: December 2022

How do particular genres and forms, with their distinct conventions and histories, shape representations of refugee experience? How do representations of refugeedom transform the conventions of genres such as memoir, theatre, comics, song, the essay, poetry or the novel? In this chapter, we outline a humanities approach to refugee studies with reference to significant contributions in the field. Then, we introduce the genres and forms covered in this collection and the relevance of these forms for claiming human rights: the memoir, the graphic novel, poetry, theatre, song, documentary film, media art, the Bildungsroman and the literary novel.
Prerequisites and the Success of Transformative Entrepreneurship Education
Authors: Halberstadt Jantje , Euler Mark , Bronstein Johann
Published: December 2022

With entrepreneurship education receiving growing attention in research and practice the question arises what exactly entrepreneurship education’s impact is and should be. There is a lack of discussion on what (different kinds of) entrepreneurship education should aim to achieve, and how entrepreneurship education’s success can be captured. In this chapter, we raise the question: What is relevant for generating which kind of entrepreneurial activity? We call for a stronger competence orientation, underline the importance of an entrepreneurship education ecosystem, and carve out the need for future research in these fields.
Using Moodle to Teach Computer Literacy to First-Time Computer Users: A UNAM Case Study
Authors: Mwatilifange Saavi R. , Mufeti Tulimevava K.
Published: December 2022

Computer literacy courses provide opportunities for students to develop skills that are essential for lifelong learning. Many educational institutions in developing countries offer compulsory Information and Communication Technology (ICT) courses to help their first-year students develop these skills. Due to factors such as lockdowns imposed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, some first-year students may not be able to attend these courses in person. This chapter investigates the suitability of an online environment for teaching a Computer Literacy course to first year students with varied demographics. It takes as a case study the delivery of the Computer Literacy course on the University of Namibia (UNAM) Moodle Learning Management System (LMS) over one semester. The course caters to a diverse student population, some of whom come from marginalized backgrounds and have never used a computer before. Using a questionnaire based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), the study used a survey to determine the satisfaction of students and lecturers involved with the course. We also conducted semi-structured interviews to get an in-depth understanding of the actual use and level of satisfaction with Moodle. Results indicate that most students do not have access to ICT devices or the software required for the course. Although all students completed the course without any dropouts, the study also found that the students consistently accessed only two features supported by Moodle. The study recommends that all first-time users take an informal Introduction to Online Learning course before starting the Computer Literacy course. It also recommends that the current course be adapted to fit the context of use and to enhance online teaching of Computer Literacy to first-time computer users at UNAM.
Coordinating and Facilitating Bilateral Cultural Contacts
Authors: Clerc Louis
Published: December 2022

In 1970, when Marjatta Oksanen joined the Ministry of Education, the Department of international affairs was divided into three administrative units: multilateral affairs, bilateral affairs (with two different organizations for East and West) and Nordic relations. The Finnish state managed various forms of cultural relations with countries or groups of countries, mostly in a facilitative function: support for exhibitions or concerts, longer-term support for cultural centres or language teaching and so forth. Most of these bilateral activities originated from private initiatives, and some domains like sports, scientific cooperation or relations with the Soviet Union were dominated by private, non-governmental or semi-public organizations that acted on their own or to whom the state devolved certain functions. Generally, only relations with the Soviet Union and technical issues with strong foreign political dimensions commanded a degree of involvement from the Ministry for Foreign Affairs and interest from the country’s higher political leadership.
Participating in Multilateral Cultural Cooperation
Authors: Clerc Louis
Published: December 2022

Finland signed the UNESCO charter on 10 October 1956. Jaakko Numminen starts the part of his memoirs dedicated to international cultural relations by insisting on the importance of UNESCO and multilateral organizations for the Ministry of Education’s work after the late 1950s. September delegation work in Paris during the organization’s assembly was an important event for the Ministry’s civil servants involved in international relations, a moment of reflection with the Ministry for Foreign Affairs about Finland’s position in international cultural cooperation with Nordic committees on positions, programmes, declarations and so on. It was both a proud moment, when Finnish representatives could feel concretely their country’s re-integration in international circles, and a difficult moment, when the Finns could vituperate about UNESCO’s bureaucracy and disorganization. UNESCO was only one example of the multiple forms of multilateral cooperations Finland got involved with in the postwar years, from Nordic cooperation to the OECD. If UNESCO created a bureaucracy of cultural diplomacy often disconnected from the realities of Finnish culture, other forms were more pragmatic and in sync with Finland’s educational and cultural developments.
International Data Centre Bulletin Events Triggered by Controlled Underwater Explosions of World War 2 Ordnances
Authors: Bittner Paulina , Le Bras Ronan , Mialle Pierrick , Nielsen Peter
Published: December 2022

This paper focuses on events linked to controlled underwater explosions of World War 2 (WW2) ordnances which were included in the Reviewed Event Bulletin (REB). Data used for the study were provided by seismic stations of the International Monitoring System (IMS) in 2020. Examined events were triggered by devices of different charge size and took place in several locations in Europe. There were also other, previously detected WW2 ordnance underwater explosions which could be compared to events in 2020. It is shown that these relatively small underwater explosions listed in the REB, with good coupling to the ground, are located by the IMS network within 20 km from the ground truth. Charge size of explosive material was related to event magnitude. Results were compared to magnitudes published for underwater explosions of larger sizes. The conclusion is that an in-water explosion will result in seismic waves with amplitudes equivalent to the amplitudes of seismic waves from an in-ground explosion with 17.2 times the yield in kT.