bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impaired autophagy triggered by HDAC9 in mesenchymal stem cells accelerates bone mass loss
Authors: Zhang Liqiang , Qi Meng , Chen Ji , Zhao Jiangdong , Li Liya , Hu Jiachen , Jin Yan , Liu Wenjia
Published: July 2020

Background

Bone mass loss in aging is linked with imbalanced lineage differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs). Recent studies have proved that histone deacetylases (HDACs) are regarded as key regulators of bone remodeling. However, HDACs involve in regulating BMMSC bio-behaviors remain elusive. Here, we investigated the ability of HDAC9 on modulation of autophagy and its significance in lineage differentiation of BMMSCs.

Methods

The effects of HDAC9 on lineage differentiation of BMMSCs and autophagic signaling were assessed by various biochemical (western blot and ChIP assay), morphological (TEM and confocal microscopy), and micro-CT assays.

Results

Sixteen-month mice manifested obvious bone mass loss and marrow fat increase, accompanied with decreased osteogenic differentiation and increased adipogenic differentiation of BMMSCs. Further, the expression of HDAC9 elevated in bone and BMMSCs. Importantly, HDAC9 inhibitors recovered the lineage differentiation abnormality of 16-month BMMSCs and reduced p53 expression. Mechanistically, we revealed that HDAC9 regulated the autophagy of BMMSCs by controlling H3K9 acetylation in the promoters of the autophagic genes, ATG7, BECN1, and LC3a/b, which subsequently affected their lineage differentiation. Finally, HDAC9 inhibition improved endogenous BMMSC properties and promoted the bone mass recovery of 16-month mice.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that HDAC9 is a key regulator in a variety of bone mass by regulating autophagic activity in BMMSCs and thus a potential target of age-related bone loss treatment.
Sulforaphane alter the microbiota and mitigate colitis severity on mice ulcerative colitis induced by DSS
Authors: Zhang Yan , Tan Luxuan , Li Chao , Wu Han , Ran Dan , Zhang Zhenyu
Published: July 2020

Sulforaphane (SFN) is a kind of natural isothiocyanate, which exists in cruciferous plants. Only few studies were about the anti-inflammatory effects of sulforaphane in ulcerative colitis. In this study, our purpose is to explore the effects of sulforaphane on the intestinal microbial community of UC mice. The severity of mice colitis were measured by colon length, survial rate, body weight and disease activity index (DAI) score. Histological and morphological evaluation of colon tissues were performed by HE. 16S rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing was used to analyza the changes of mouse flora. The variety of flora expression were explored using quantitative PCR. Sulforaphane treated mice had larger body weight and longer colon length than DSS-induced mice. The colon tissues of DSS group showed congestion and edema. Meanwhile, treatment with sulforaphane effectively reducted the damage scores and MPO activity. Sulforaphane reversed DSS-induced gut dysbiosis. Sulforaphane would shift the balance to Butyricicoccus on inflammation. The possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of sulforaphane is to coordinate with the probiotics such as Butyricicoccus. In summary, these findings proved that sulforaphane might be a useful content and serve as a potential therapy in the treatment of UC.
Estimate of the energy value of soybean meal relative to corn based on growth performance of nursery pigs
Authors: Cemin Henrique S. , Williams Hayden E. , Tokach Mike D. , Dritz Steve S. , Woodworth Jason C. , DeRouchey Joel M. , Goodband Robert D. , Coble Kyle F. , Carrender Brittany A. , Gerhart Mandy J.
Published: July 2020

Background

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of increasing amounts of soybean meal (SBM) in swine diets and estimate the energy value of SBM.

Methods

A total of 2233 pigs (PIC 337 × 1050, Hendersonville, TN) and 3796 pigs (PIC 359 × C40), initially 11.0 kg and 17.6 kg body weight (BW), were used in Exp. 1 and 2, respectively. In Exp. 1, pigs were placed in 92 pens each containing 20 to 27 pigs. In Exp. 2, pigs were placed in 84 pens each containing 37 to 43 pigs. Treatments were assigned in a randomized complete block design with BW as the blocking factor. Dietary treatments consisted of 21%, 27%, 33%, or 39% SBM in Exp. 1 and 17.5%, 22%, 26.5%, 31%, 35.5%, or 40% SBM in Exp. 2, obtained by changing the inclusion rate of feed-grade amino acids and corn grain. For Exp. 1, representative samples of corn grain, SBM, and distillers dried grains with solubles were analyzed for total AA content prior to diet formulation. For Exp. 2, diets were formulated using NRC (2012) nutrient loadings. Treatment diets were fed for 21 and 22 d (Exp. 1 and 2) and there were 23 replicates in Exp. 1 and 14 replicates in Exp. 2. Pigs were weighed and feed disappearance measured weekly to calculate average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intake (ADFI), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F), and caloric efficiency (CE). Data were analyzed with block as a random effect and treatment as a fixed effect, and contrasts were constructed to test the linear and quadratic effects of increasing SBM.

Results

In Exp. 1, there was a tendency (linear,P = 0.092) for a decrease in ADFI as SBM increased. There was a tendency (P = 0.090) for a quadratic response for ADG, with a decrease in ADG observed with 39% SBM inclusion. Pigs fed diets with increasing SBM had a tendency (quadratic,P = 0.069) for an increase in G:F up to 33% SBM and an improvement (linear,P = 0.001; quadratic,P = 0.063) in CE with increasing SBM. Using CE to estimate the energy of SBM relative to corn, a value of 105.4% of corn energy or 2816 kcal/kg NE was determined using all data points. When removing the CE value of the 39% SBM treatment due to the quadratic tendency, SBM was estimated to have 121.1% of corn energy or 3236 kcal/kg NE. In Exp. 2, there was a decrease (linear,P = 0.001) in ADFI. Pigs fed increasing SBM had a tendency (linear,P = 0.065) for reduced ADG but an improvement (linear,P = 0.001) in G:F and CE as SBM increased. The energy value of SBM was estimated as 124.7% of corn energy or 3332 kcal/kg NE.

Conclusions

The results suggest that feeding increasing levels of SBM improves G:F and CE. The energy value of SBM was estimated to be between 105% and 125% of corn, which is much greater than the NRC (2012) would indicate.
Role of A Novel Angiogenesis FKBPL-CD44 Pathway in Preeclampsia Risk Stratification and Mesenchymal Stem Cell Treatment
Authors: Todd Naomi , McNally Ross , Alqudah Abdelrahim , Jerotic Djurdja , Suvakov Sonja , Obradovic Danilo , Hoch Denise , Hombrebueno Jose R , Campos Guillermo Lopez , Watson Chris J , Gojnic-Dugalic Miroslava , Simic Tatjana P , Krasnodembskaya Anna , Desoye Gernot , Eastwood Kelly-Ann , Hunter Alyson J , Holmes Valerie A , McCance David R , Young Ian S , Grieve David J , Kenny Louise C , Garovic Vesna D , Robson Tracy , McClements Lana
Published: July 2020

Context

Preeclampsia is a leading cardiovascular complication in pregnancy lacking effective diagnostic and treatment strategies.

Objective

To investigate the diagnostic and therapeutic target potential of the angiogenesis proteins, FK506-binding protein like (FKBPL) and CD44.

Design and Intervention

FKBPL and CD44 plasma concentration or placental expression were determined in women pre- or postdiagnosis of preeclampsia. Trophoblast and endothelial cell function was assessed following mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) treatment and in the context of FKBPL signaling.

Settings and Participants

Human samples prediagnosis (15 and 20 weeks of gestation; n ≥ 57), or postdiagnosis (n = 18 for plasma; n = 4 for placenta) of preeclampsia were used to determine FKBPL and CD44 levels, compared to healthy controls. Trophoblast or endothelial cells were exposed to low/high oxygen, and treated with MSC-conditioned media (MSC-CM) or a FKBPL overexpression plasmid.

Main Outcome Measures

Preeclampsia risk stratification and diagnostic potential of FKBPL and CD44 were investigated. MSC treatment effects and FKBPL-CD44 signaling in trophoblast and endothelial cells were assessed.

Results

The CD44/FKBPL ratio was reduced in placenta and plasma following clinical diagnosis of preeclampsia. At 20 weeks of gestation, a high plasma CD44/FKBPL ratio was independently associated with the 2.3-fold increased risk of preeclampsia (odds ratio = 2.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.03-5.23, P = 0.04). In combination with high mean arterial blood pressure (>82.5 mmHg), the risk further increased to 3.9-fold (95% CI 1.30-11.84, P = 0.016). Both hypoxia and MSC-based therapy inhibited FKBPL-CD44 signaling, enhancing cell angiogenesis.

Conclusions

The FKBPL-CD44 pathway appears to have a central role in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, showing promising utilities for early diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
In vitro efficacy of a copper iodine complex PPE disinfectant for SARS-CoV-2 inactivation
Authors: Mantlo Emily , Rhodes Tanya , Boutros Jenny , Patterson-Fortin Laura , Evans Alex , Paessler Slobodan
Published: July 2020

Background: The ability to protect workers and healthcare professionals from infection by SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is of great concern. Hospitals, nursing homes and employers are adopting infection control strategies based on guidance from leading public health organizations such as the CDC, OSHA, FDA, and other government bodies. Certain hard surface disinfectants are effective against SARS-CoV-2 but are not suitable for use on skin or personal protective equipment (PPE) that comes into contact with skin. Furthermore, near-ubiquitous alcohol-based hand sanitizers are acceptable for use on skin, but they are not suitable for use on PPE. PPE, especially masks, are also commonly being used for longer durations than normal. There is a need for new products and techniques that can effectively disinfect PPE during wear time without having detrimental effects on surrounding skin. Clyraguard spray is a novel copper iodine complex designed to be used on non-critical PPE.

Methods: In this study, the Clyraguard copper iodine complex was tested for its ability to inactivate SARS-CoV-2 in solution.

Results: These data indicate the product to be effective in reducing SARS-CoV-2 titers in a time-dependent manner, with the virus being reduced below the detection limits within 30 minutes.

Conclusions: These results suggest that Clyraguard may be an effective tool for mitigating cross-contamination of non-critical PPE that may come into contact with SARS-CoV-2.
Cosmetic stature lengthening
Authors: Marwan Yousef , Cohen Dan , Alotaibi Mohammed , Addar Abdullah , Bernstein Mitchell , Hamdy Reggie
Published: July 2020

Aims

To systematically review the outcomes and complications of cosmetic stature lengthening.

Methods

PubMed and Embase were searched on 10 November 2019 by three reviewers independently, and all relevant studies in English published up to that date were considered based on predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria. The search was done using “cosmetic lengthening” and “stature lengthening” as key terms. The Preferred Reporting Item for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement was used to screen the articles.

Results

A total of 11 studies including 795 patients were included. The techniques used in the majority of the patients were classic 3- or 4-ring Ilizarov fixator (267 patients; 33.6%) and lengthening over nail (LON) (253 patients; 31.8%), while implantable lengthening nail (ILN) was used in the smallest number of patients (63 patients; 7.9%). Mean end lengthening achieved was 6.7 cm (SD 0.6; 1.5 to 13.0), and the mean follow-up duration was 4.9 years (SD 2.1; 41 days to 7 years). Overall, the mean number of problems, obstacles, and complications per patient was 0.78 (SD 0.5), 0.94 (SD 1.0), and 0.15 (SD 0.2), respectively. The most common problem and obstacle was ankle equinus deformity, while the most common complications were deformation of the regenerate after end of treatment and subtalar joint stiffness/deformity.

Conclusion

Cosmetic stature lengthening provides favourable height gain, patient satisfaction, and functional outcomes, with low rate of major complications. Clear indications, contraindications, and guidelines for cosmetic stature lengthening are needed. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(7):341–350.
Lightweight UV-C disinfection system
Authors: She Rosemary C. , Chen Dongyu , Pak Pil , Armani Deniz K. , Schubert Andreas , Armani Andrea M.
Published: July 2020

UV-C exposure is an effective disinfectant for a range of bacteria and viruses. As such, UV-C treatment, in combination with a chemical wipe, is a common cleaning protocol in medical facilities. Given the increase in severe bacterial and viral agents in society, having access to environmentally friendly disinfectant methods is of increasing interest. In response, we designed, constructed, and validated a UV-C disinfection system from readily accessible components. To improve the UV-C intensity, the enclosure interior was coated with chrome paint. The system is validated using Bacillus cereus, a gram-positive endospore-forming bacteria.
High-contrast integral field spectrograph (HCIFS): multi-spectral wavefront control and reduced-dimensional system identification
Authors: Sun He , Goun Alexei , Redmond Susan , Galvin Michael , Groff Tyler , Rizzo Maxime , Jeremy Kasdin N.
Published: July 2020

Any high-contrast imaging instrument in a future large space-based telescope will include an integral field spectrograph (IFS) for measuring broadband starlight residuals and characterizing the exoplanet’s atmospheric spectrum. In this paper, we report the development of a high-contrast integral field spectrograph (HCIFS) at Princeton University and demonstrate its application in multi-spectral wavefront control. Moreover, we propose and experimentally validate a new reduced-dimensional system identification algorithm for an IFS imaging system, which improves the system’s wavefront control speed, contrast and computational and data storage efficiency.
High-power pre-chirp managed amplification of circularly polarized pulses using high-dispersion chirped mirrors as a compressor
Authors: Zhang Yao , Chen Runzhi , Huang Hangdong , Liu Yizhou , Teng Hao , Fang Shaobo , Liu Wei , Kaertner Franz , Wang Junli , Chang Guoqing , Wei Zhiyi
Published: July 2020

We incorporate two techniques into pre-chirp managed amplification (PCMA) to achieve high-energy ultrashort pulses with the duration well below 100 fs. Numerical simulations confirmed by our experimental results demonstrate that seeding PCMA with circularly polarized pulses instead of linearly polarized pulses can increase the amplified pulse energy by 1.5 times. We also employ high-dispersion chirped mirrors to compress the amplified pulses with the throughput efficiency as high as 98%. These two techniques allow us to demonstrate an Yb-fiber PCMA system that emits 50-MHz, 47-fs pulses with 101.2-W average power.
Chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and diuretic effect of Moroccan fresh bee pollen in rats
Authors: El Ghouizi Asmae , El Menyiy Nawal , Falcão Soraia I. , Vilas-Boas Miguel , Lyoussi Badiaa
Published: July 2020

Aim: This study investigated the chemical composition, antioxidant activity, and diuretic effect of Moroccan aqueous extract of fresh bee pollen (AEFBP) in normal rats. Materials and Methods: The chemical composition of the extracted bioactive compounds was assessed using liquid chromatography with diode array detection coupled to electrospray ionization (ESI) tandem mass spectrometry (LC/DAD/ ESI-MSn). 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the reducing power were used to assess the antioxidant properties of the extract, together with the determination of total phenols and flavonoids. To assess the diuretic effect, 20 normal rats were divided into five groups: The first was a control group administered by distilled water (10 mL/kg body weight), the second group received furosemide (10 mg/kg body weight), the third group received 100 mg/kg body weight of AEFBP, the fourth group received 250 mg/kg body weight of AEFBP, and the fifth group received 500 mg/kg body weight of AEFBP for 30 days. Toward the end of this experiment, urine output was measured, and plasma and urine were sampled to analyze creatinine, potassium, chloride, and sodium levels. Results: N1,N5,N10-tri-p-coumaroylspermidine is a spermidine derivative and was the main compound in this sample, in a total of 19 compounds identified, including flavonoids, glucoside flavonoids, and methylated derivatives. Force feeding with the AEFBP induced a significant increase in urine output and urinary electrolyte levels with a dependent dose-effect without changes in plasma electrolytes, whereas furosemide decreased plasma potassium. Conclusion: Moroccan fresh bee pollen extract contains flavonols and spermidines that induce a potential antioxidant activity related to significant diuretic effect without changes in plasma composition.
Turismo e informação: A pesquisa de demanda turística real de Diamantina/MG
Authors: Medaglia Juliana
Published: July 2020

A relação entre a academia e a sociedade representa um vasto campo a ser explorado na área do turismo, em especial no desenvolvimento baseado em pesquisas aplicadas, a partir de estudos originados em Universidades ou Institutos de Pesquisa. A relação não é, entretanto, garantida, o que fica claro neste trabalho que tem como objetivo compreender o não uso das informações em turismo da Pesquisa de Demanda Turística Real de Diamantina e Região (PDTD) por parte dos atores do turismo de Diamantina/MG. Este artigo exploratório, em forma de estudo de caso, apresenta um referencial teórico que discute a importância da informação para o turismo, bem como a relação da ciência da informação no que diz respeito à linguagem e à organização da informação. Em seguida, traz uma pesquisa qualitativa da qual o universo foi o Conselho Municipal de Turismo de Diamantina/MG, cujos membros foram entrevistados, por meio de um roteiro dividido em quatro partes, a fim de identificar o distanciamento entre os resultados oferecidos por pesquisas acadêmicas e seu uso na tomada de decisão por parte dos gestores. Ao final, percebeu-se que existem barreiras entre a forma de expor resultados comumente utilizados no meio acadêmico e os meios buscados por parte dos desejáveis usuários finais dos dados produzidos, para que a informação possa fazer sentido e ser incorporada ao processo de desenvolvimento do destino. Encontrou-se também a indicação da importância da contextualização socioeconômica para análise de resultados nas ciências sociais aplicadas.
The Sydney Taylor Book Award at Fifty: Trends in Canonized Jewish Children’s Literature (1968–2020)
Authors: Leket-Mor Rachel , Isaac Fred
Published: July 2020

The Sydney Taylor Book Award, sponsored by the Association of Jewish Libraries since 1968, is the only book award for children’s literature that represents the Jewish experience. The award’s fiftieth anniversary, celebrated in 2018, provided an opportunity to conduct a content analysis study of 102 books and summarize thematic and publishing trends across award categories and time periods. The data points collected were based on bibliographic records and, to smaller extent, on coded Holocaust-related themes. Conclusions refer to Jewish education in the United States and concepts of gender, identity, history, and Holocaust studies that have shaped it through children’s literature for over fifty years.
The Novel Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19): A Narrative Review
Authors: Rezapour Baratali , Musavi Sayed Jalil , Maleki Faezeh Shirzadeh
Published: July 2020

One of the key steps in determining how to prevent the viral disease is to identify the virus. The virus lives in different ways and in different environments. It lives in the air, in the sea, on plants, animals and objects and humans. Some people put humans on the path of developing zoonotic diseases that are specific to animals but also involve people with unhealthy behaviors. In the food chain, each animal is hunted by other animals and feeds on other animals or plants and other objects. Bacteriophages are viruses that kill bacteria. And there are creatures that kill viruses and this is the biological struggle with viruses. When the virus enters the body, it performs a series of activities that lead to a series of symptoms in the patient. These symptoms include the behavior of viruses. These are among the ecological and behavioral characteristics of viruses that need to be fully understood in order to limit viruses and deal with epidemics and pandemics. In this study, we try to reach a conclusion by reviewing the articles that have information about the behavioral (signs and symptoms) and ecological characteristics of viruses and use these findings in order to combat viruses.
Rendimiento académico en estudiantes de ciencias empresariales: ¿cómo influyen los factores actitudinales, pedagógicos y demográficos?
Authors: Araya-Pizarro Sebastián Cristóbal , Avilés-Pizarro Nibaldo Bernardo
Published: July 2020

Este trabajo analiza la influencia de factores actitudinales, pedagógicos y demográficos sobre el rendimiento académico de estudiantes universitarios de las ciencias empresariales. Los datos fueron recopilados mediante una encuesta aplicada a 156 alumnos de una universidad pública regional chilena y analizados mediante una regresión logística binaria. Los resultados revelaron que las variables actitudinales y pedagógicas influyen principalmente en el desempeño del educando, mientras que las variables demográficas no mostraron ser significativas. En particular, los alumnos tienen mayor probabilidad de lograr un buen rendimiento si estudian de forma anticipada e individual para las evaluaciones, cuentan con una metodología propia de estudio, disponen de tecnología de apoyo y participan en clases. En las conclusiones, se advierte la necesidad de capacitar al alumnado en metodologías de planificación personal de estudios y potenciar el uso de estrategias de enseñanza que fomenten un aprendizaje participativo.
Nonlinear Models Used to Analyze the Relation between Inflation and Unemployment
Authors: UNGUREANU Laura , CONSTANTINESCU Madalina , POPÎRLAN Cristina
Published: July 2020

Many mathematical models have been developed in the last years in order to analyze economic phenomena and processes. Some of these models are optimization models, static or dynamic, while others are developed specially to study the evolution of economic phenomena. The topic of this paper is forecasting with nonlinear models. A few well-known nonlinear models are introduced, and their properties are discussed. The variety of nonlinear relationships is important both from the perspective of estimation and from the precision of forecasts in the medium and especially long term. Most nonlinear forecasting methods and all methods based on neural networks lead to predictions that have a better quality than the forecasts obtained by linear methods. The last section of this paper contains a detailed study of the relationship between inflation and unemployment and a numerical application with numerical data from Romania.
Analysis of China-Pakistan Cross Border Trade Conflicts Resolution Mechanism
Authors: IDREES Rao Qasim , CHEEMA Zaheer Iqbal , RIAZ Jawwad
Published: July 2020

This research paper significantly discusses ‘China Pakistan bilateral investment trade regime’ and the issues relating to dispute settlement as these are considered as high risks to disturb the trade agreements made between Pakistan and China after the huge investment in recent years. Pakistan and China have strong bilateral investment treaty agreements; however, such agreements cannot provide the suitable environment for current bilateral trade and investment, hence required to be amended. In this research authors examine the China Pakistan bilateral investment legal regime and dispute resolution mechanism by way of historical and comparative legal research approaches and considered these as legal risks in the way of foreign investment and the operation difficulties it may encounter. During this study, comparative legal research is applied to find out the differences among Pakistan legal system and international laws to make foreign investment more beneficial. Furthermore, under this research authors maintain the discussion through analytical approach that dispute resolution mechanism prevailing in Pakistan may not be capable to provide required support in favor of Pakistan where international arbitration and trade disputes are still in evolution process and assessed as a barrier in the way of bilateral trade. The objectives of this research are to examine the China Pakistan cross border trade conflict resolution mechanism in depth followed by good social, economic and legal policies for Pakistan. The intention of the researchers through this research is to provide to a stronger, safer and beneficial dispute resolution mechanism towards the socio-economic progress of Pakistan through enhancing the standards of such mechanism.  This research concludes that Free Trade Agreement (FTA) and Bilateral Investment Treaty (BIT) between two countries are obsolete and required many amendments on the account of current investments. To fulfill the objective of current research paper, this study suggests the creation of international commercial court in Pakistan to deal with bilateral investment disputes.
Economic and Parametric Approach to the Creation and Functioning of the Advertising Project
Authors: KUZMINSKA Yuliia M. , YEVTUKHOVA Tetiana O. , VASYLKONOVA Elina O. , BEDRII Dmytro I. , RIEPNOVA Tetiana P. , ZAKHARCHENKO Oleg V.
Published: July 2020

Today, development is an integral part of the life of any company, including advertising. A distinctive feature of project-oriented companies is that they implement development activities through projects and programs, as well as apply a project approach to the implementation of current production advertising activities. Speaking of advertising, one should not forget that in the event of advertising on computer networks has become commonplace. Network advertising is not inferior to television, radio, or newspaper. With us, advertising on the networks is a new thing. In this study, it is accepted that during the entire life cycle, the advertising company/business develops either along the path of progress or the path of regression (the second half of the life cycle). For example, for a multidisciplinary company, some advertising businesses, reducing the size of existing advertising businesses, restructuring, etc., i.e. measures of regressive nature, can be aimed at positive qualitative changes – for better adaptation to the market, for higher competitiveness due to faster response to changes in the environment and etc. Thus, the entire life cycle of the company is a process of development, which is provided in the form of a sequence of advertising projects and programs of development of advertising business. And today, many companies, including the advertising industry, can be identified as project-oriented.
Expansion of Public Law into the Sphere of Private Interests: Strengthening State Regulation as a New Management Paradigm
Authors: USANOV Vladimir E.
Published: July 2020

Relevance. The article is relevant since the recent events have revealed the illusory nature of democratic principles and the independence of private interests in the Russian Federation. The illusion of free choice and democratic procedures disappeared when public authorities declared a state of emergency or self-isolation regime (quarantine during the COVID-2019 pandemic) facing a force that exceeded the resources and capabilities of the government systems.

Objective. The article aims at studying a new global model of expanding public law into the sphere of private interests due to strengthening the state regulation of public relations as a new management paradigm. The current model typical of many countries, in particular Russia, can be called a model of an actual emergency. The Russian Federation did not declare de jure state of emergency. Otherwise, public authorities would have to take on big obligations and be responsible for losses (damages, contract failures, suspended trading and production, downsizing, unemployment) of their citizens and businesses.

Methods. The main research method was deduction used for studying the legal specifics of expanding public law into the sphere of private interests. The author of the article also used the inductive, comparative-legal and historical methods, as well as the method of systematic scientific analysis. To solve the task, it is necessary to consider the legal foundations and features of strengthening state regulation as a new management paradigm.

Results. Analyzing the actual state of emergency experienced by most countries and considering the actions of the Russian authorities, the author claims that public law serves as the basis of public administration but invades the sphere of private interests. It begins to manage it in a state of emergency to preserve the existing state system and its integrity. As a result, private law ceases to be independent and must obey the rules of public law. At the same time, the democratic traditions and principles proclaimed in the Constitution and other laws, human rights and civil freedoms are instantly absorbed by public law and become a legal fiction for a certain time.
Perubahan dan Prediksi Penggunaan Lahan Menggunakan Markov – Cellular Automata di Kota Batu
Authors: Yudichandra Fahrizal Kreshna , Widiatmaka Widiatmaka , Anwar Syaiful
Published: July 2020

Along with the development of Batu City as a tourist city, it is feared that there will be an increase in land use conversion from apple orchards and other agricultural land into residential and tourism land. The rate of land use change must be controlled to maintain environment sustainability. One of the effort is studying the change that occurred in the past few years. The purpose of this study were to observe land use change pattern that occured in 2006, 2012, and 2018, and to predict the land use at 2030 in Batu City. Land use prediction was evaluated with Markov – Cellular Automata models. The analysis showed that forest area decreased up to 5% and the built area increased up to 5.2% from 2006 to 2018. Prediction of land use in 2030 showed that there will be a decrease in forest, agriculture, and bareland areas, and an increase in shrubs and built areas. Agricultural land needs to be directed to be protected or conserved, while shrubs and open land need to be directed into potential land for apple orchards development in Batu City.
The development of historical imagination on the example of an exercise addressed to first-year students of history at Nicolaus Copernicus University1
Authors: Agnieszka Laddach Agnieszka Laddach
Published: July 2020

Laddach Agnieszka, The development of historical imagination on the example of an exercise addressed to firstyear students of history at Nicolaus Copernicus University. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 163–181, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.11.

December 12, 2016 a group of eleven first-year students of history organized at the Institute of History of Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) participated in the field work carried out in the church Roman Catholic parish of St. Jacob the Apostle in Toruń. During a visit in the temple the students performed an exercised to draw their attention: generally to the role of the imagination in the practice of the historian’s research and training his own imagination in whole live. First, the authoress described a process of the exercise. Then she briefly pointed to the literature on the role of the imagination. Later she discussed the work that have arisen in the result of the exercise. Next she characterized the thoughts and impressions of students. She also outlinedthe importance of this exercise in a broader context. At the end she summed up the whole article.
Sport in the new media. Media coverages of selected sport disciplines during the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Organista Natalia , Halter-Bogołębska Martyna
Published: July 2020

Organista Natalia, Halter–Bogołębska Martyna, Sport in the new media. Media coverages of selected sport disciplines during the Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 203–224, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300–0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.13.

This study concerns the online sports media coverage, a topic that has not been previously analyzed in Poland. In recent decades many studies (in Anglo–Saxon countries in particular) indicated the major underrepresentation of women’s sport and different framing of sportswomen andsportsmen. Those studies showed that the media plays important role in upholding gender stereotypes in sport and hindering empowerment of sportswomen. This study analyzes media coverage of three sports disciplines (gymnastics,swimming and weightlifting) during Rio Olympics on five websites. Findings revealed underrepresentation of women’s sport and setting the trend to write about women’s sport in disciplines consider as appropriated for women. The qualitative analysis did not indicate gender–specific descriptors in materials about sportspeople.
The relationship between Us/Them dialectics and agonism in Polish context
Authors: Jastrząb Patryk
Published: July 2020

Jastrząb Patryk, The relationship between We/They dialectics and agonism in Polish context. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 245–263, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.16.

I focused on the unconstrained but established in the theory reflection on We/They dialectics, which was analysed for its antagonistic foundation as being understood in the Polish context. However, I did not only concentrate on presenting the socio-political perspective of this subject as I have adopted a more contemplative, philosophical approach. Therefore political reality was only a pretext for me to tell a reader about a much more fundamental conflict concerning our values and freedom. I concluded the consideration with stating the fact of the possibility of existence of agonistic diversity among democratic variety.
Learners’ attitudes to first, second and third languages pronunciation in structuring multilingual identity
Authors: Szyszka Magdalena
Published: July 2020

This paper investigates multilingual learners’ attitudes to native (L1 – Ukrainian), second (L2 – Polish) and foreign (L3 – English) languages’ pronunciation, and discusses them from the perspective of structuring multilingual identity. In the study, the choice of the sample has been controlled in terms of the participants’ nationality and the context in which they acquire their second and foreign languages – variables that are interwoven in shaping identities. More specifically, the 40 Ukrainian individuals, taking part in the study, are in the process of a foreign language acquisition, English, embedded in the context of their second language, Polish. The attitudes to L1, L2 and L3 pronunciation of the 40 multilinguals have been measured quantitatively and analysed with the aim of providing more insight into understanding how individuals construe their multilingual identities. Negative relationships were found between those who reported an L1 accent as an important factor involved in the perception of their selves and the desire to sound native-like in L2 – Polish (r = −0.37, p < 0.05), and L3 – English (r = −0.43, p < 0.05). The latter variable, however, correlated positively with having native-like pronunciation as a goal in learning Polish (r = 0.75, p < 0.05) and English (r = 0.89, p < 0.05).
Sensitive determination of ethyl glucuronide in serum and whole blood: detection time after alcohol exposure compared with urine
Authors: Neumann Jasna , Beck Olof , Helander Anders , Dahmen Norbert , Böttcher Michael
Published: July 2020

Objectives

Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a conjugated, minor ethanol metabolite used as a biomarker for recent alcohol intake. EtG is commonly measured in urine as part of a drug testing service but has also attracted attention for measurement in blood. However, due to lower EtG concentrations in blood, the detection time is expected to be shorter. The present work aimed to improve the analytical sensitivity of EtG in blood, to prolong the detection time.

Methods

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for EtG in whole blood and serum, using protein precipitation with methanol, a deuterated internal standard, and selected reaction monitoring mode with negative electrospray ionization. No significant matrix effect was observed. The method generated linear results in the measuring range 1.0–50 μg/L, the accuracy was within ±10% and the imprecision <15%.

Results

In 46 patients followed with daily blood and urine sampling during alcohol detoxification, the mean (median) time to first negative serum EtG sample was 112 (111) h. This was slightly longer than for EtG in urine, using 100 μg/L as cutoff. The detection rate was 76% for serum EtG and 68% for urine EtG. In cases where serum EtG was positive but urine EtG negative, the urine samples tended to be more dilute as indicated by lower creatinine concentrations. On admission to hospital, the whole-blood and serum EtG concentrations correlated with the breath ethanol concentration (p = 0.012 and p = 0.027, respectively). In 100 patients sampled at admission to hospital for other reasons than substance abuse and with no ethanol detected in breath, 40% tested positive for EtG in serum and 43% in urine. In 79 paired urine and serum EtG measurements, the median urine/serum concentration ratio was 155.

Conclusions

A sensitive method was developed for EtG measurement in whole-blood and serum specimens, offering similar detection time for recent alcohol exposure compared with routine EtG measurement in urine.
Global structure of sign-changing solutions for discrete Dirichlet problems
Authors: Wei Liping , Ma Ruyun
Published: July 2020

Let

T
>
1

T\gt 1

be an integer,

T
≔

[
1
,
T
]

Z

=
{
1
,
2
,
…
,
T
}
,

T
ˆ

≔
{
0
,
1
,
…
,
T
+
1
}

{\mathbb{T}}:= {{[}1,T]}_{{\mathbb{Z}}}=\{1,2,\ldots ,T\},\hspace{.0em}\hat{{\mathbb{T}}}:= \{0,1,\ldots ,T+1\}

. In this article, we are concerned with the global structure of the set of sign-changing solutions of the discrete second-order boundary value problem

{

Δ

2

u
(
x
−
1
)
+
λ
h
(
x
)
f
(
u
(
x
)
)
=
0
,

x
∈
T
,

u
(
0
)
=
u
(
T
+
1
)
=
0
,

\left\{\begin{array}{l}{\mathrm{\Delta}}^{2}u(x-1)+\lambda h(x)f(u(x))=0,\hspace{1em}x\in {\mathbb{T}},\\ u(0)=u(T+1)=0,\end{array}\right.

where

λ
>
0

\lambda \gt 0

is a parameter,

f
∈
C
(
ℝ
,
ℝ
)

f\in C({\mathbb{R}},{\mathbb{R}})

satisfies

f
(
0
)
=
0
,

s
f
(
s
)
>
0

f(0)=0,\hspace{.1em}sf(s)\gt 0

for all

s
≠
0

s\ne 0

and

h
:

T
ˆ

→
[
0
,
+
∞
)

h:\hat{{\mathbb{T}}}\to {[}0,+\infty )

. By using the directions of a bifurcation, we obtain existence and multiplicity of sign-changing solutions of the above problem for

λ

\lambda

lying in various intervals in

ℝ

{\mathbb{R}}

. Moreover, we point out that these solutions change their sign exactly

k
−
1

k-1

times, where

k
∈
{
1
,
2
,
…
,
T
}

k\in \{1,2,\ldots ,T\}

.
Inverse Sturm-Liouville problem with analytical functions in the boundary condition
Authors: Bondarenko Natalia Pavlovna
Published: July 2020

The inverse spectral problem is studied for the Sturm-Liouville operator with a complex-valued potential and arbitrary entire functions in one of the boundary conditions. We obtain necessary and sufficient conditions for uniqueness and develop a constructive algorithm for the inverse problem solution. The main results are applied to the Hochstadt-Lieberman half-inverse problem. As an auxiliary proposition, we prove local solvability and stability for the inverse Sturm-Liouville problem by the Cauchy data in the non-self-adjoint case.
Crystal structure of bis[3-methoxy-N-(1-(pyrazin-2-yl)ethylidene)benzohydrazonato-κ3
O,N,N′]nickel(II), C28H26N8O4Ni
Authors: Li Li
Published: July 2020

C28H26N8O4Ni, orthorhombic, Pbcn (no. 60), a = 11.675(9) Å, b = 9.884(8) Å, c = 23.225(17) Å, V = 2680(4) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0495, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.1329, T = 296 K.
Cuneiform Tablets from Shmet from the Excavation Season of 2001
Authors: Salman Fahad Sa’ad , Abdul-Qadir Abbas Raghad
Published: July 2020

In 2001–2002, the Iraqi State Board of Antiquities and Heritage undertook excavations at the site of Shmet in the Umma region, thereby uncovering a large residential quarter. This article presents the first six cuneiform tablets from the first excavation season at the site, dating to the Presargonic and Ur III periods. The god names mentioned support the identification of Shmet with the ancient city of Ki.anki.
The Historical Syntax of the Subordinative Morphemes in Assyrian Akkadian
Authors: Bjøru Øyvind , Pat-El Na’ama
Published: July 2020

The Assyrian subordinative morphemes -u/-ni are treated as allomorphs with the same distribution and function. In this paper we will examine the syntax of these morphemes in Assyrian and argue that they are in fact two distinct morphemes with no allomorphic relation. We will further follow a number of significant syntactic developments in the use of the subordinative morphemes in Neo-Assyrian.
On Sippar’s Quay: Cuneiform Tablets with Aramaic Inscriptions from the Böhl Collection in Leiden
Authors: Still Bastian , Sonnevelt Rieneke
Published: July 2020

In this article we publish and study three Neo-Babylonian cuneiform texts from the Böhl Collection that contain Aramaic inscriptions. Deriving from the same archival context, these tablets bring to life the complex social fabric of Sippar’s entrepreneurial harbour community and its multilinguistic landscape. We argue that the appearance of alphabetic inscriptions in this setting is not a coincidence and tells us more about the role of Aramaic in Babylonian society at the time.
Modelo optimizado para cabezales rectangulares apoyados sobre un grupo de pilotes: Parte 1) Superficie óptima
Authors: Farias Montemayor Oscar Mario , Luévanos Rojas Arnulfo , López Chavarría Sandra , Medina Elizondo Manuel
Published: July 2020

Este documento muestra un modelo optimizado para cabezales o zapatas rectangulares apoyadas sobre un grupo de pilotes, con el fin de obtener el área de la superficie mínima en planta que soporta una carga axial y dos momentos en dirección del eje X y Y debido a una columna. Este modelo asume que los cabezales son perfectamente rígidos y los pilotes están articulados en la unión de los cabezales con los pilotes y, por lo tanto, los pilotes transmiten solamente carga vertical. La metodología normalmente utilizada para obtener el área de la superficie en planta de los cabezales se propone de acuerdo con la distribución de los pilotes, tomando en cuenta las especificaciones marcadas por los códigos de construcción. También, cinco tipos de cabezales apoyadas sobre un grupo formado por dos, tres, cuatro, cinco y seis pilotes se muestran para demostrar la exactitud del modelo presentado en este documento.
Mercury cycling in Australian estuaries and near shore coastal ecosystems: Triggers for management
Authors: Maher William , Krikowa Frank , Ellwood Michael
Published: July 2020

Mercury (Hg) sources to estuaries (natural and anthropogenic) as well as Hg concentrations in Australian nearshore marine environment fish are reviewed herein. The question of whether Australian estuaries have a Hg contamination problem is addressed. The Hg concentrations in fish, excluding sharks, tuna, barramundi and some stingrays, in estuaries and near-shore ecosystems with no discernable pollution sources are typically below 0.5 mg/kg wet weight, the level of health concern. There is no relationship of Hg concentration with fish size or age nor any evidence of biomagnification. In locations with historic large discrete Hg input sources (e.g. Derwent Estuary, Tasmania, Princess Royal Harbour WA, Port Phillip Bay Vic, Sydney sewage outfalls NSW), Hg concentrations in some sediment-dwelling fish such as flatheads exceed the health limit of 0.5 mg/kg. In this paper, we also review, within an Australian context, the biogeochemical processes controlling the formation and accumulation of methyl mercury (MeHg). On entering waterways, Hg rapidly partitions to particulate matter and deposits into sediments. The remobilisation of Hg from sediment is dependent on the formation of MeHg by bacteria and ultimately the interplay of S, Fe and Se cycling. Fish species that move and feed in different areas have Hg concentrations that do not reflect the sediment Hg concentrations where they are caught, i.e. there is an uncoupling of diet and potential Hg exposure.

Concluding remarks focus on management interventions: source reduction, preventing eutrophication and promoting system biodiversity and biodiverse diets to mediate the accumulation of Hg in marine organisms and limit the intake of Hg by humans when consuming fish.
Technical Failure of Giant Supraclinoid Aneurysm after Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion
Authors: Liu Dong , Lv Ming , Li Youxiang , Yang Xinjian , Wu Zhongxue
Published: July 2020

We describe three cases of technical failure in patients with giant supraclinoid aneurysm treated with internal carotid artery (ICA) occlusion.

Case 1 was a 65-year-old woman who presented with a two-month history of headache accompanied by blurred vision of the left eye. Case 2 was a 43-year-old woman who presented with a six-month history of headache accompanied by blurred vision of the right eye. Case 3 was a 21-year-old man admitted due to headache and blurred vision of the left eye, accompanied by left oculomotor nerve palsy for three months. Cerebral angiography revealed giant supraclinoid aneurysms in these patients. All of them were treated with ICA occlusion.

One case had recurrent headache symptoms after the first procedure and was retreated. Two cases suffered from post-procedural intracranial hemorrhagic complications.

Before ICA occlusion for giant supraclinoid aneurysm, balloon occlusion test was used to evaluate the collateral anastomosis between the external carotid artery (ECA) and the ICA, and still plays an important role in preventing treatment failure.