bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Functional-Antioxidant Food
Authors: Xuan Hoan Nguyen , Thi Hong Anh Le , Hong Quan Duong , Xuan Cuong Dang , Thai Ha Hoang , Thi Thao Minh Nguyen , Trong Hieu Dao , Dinh Thuat Nguyen , Duc Thinh Pham , Thi Thanh Tuyen Dang
Published: June 2021

Nowadays, people face many different dangers, such as stress, unsafety food, and environmental pollution, but not everyone suffers. Meanwhile, free radicals are the biggest threat for humans because they lead to over 80 different diseases composed of aging. Free radicals can only be eliminated or minimized with antioxidant foods or antioxidants. The chapter on the functional-antioxidant food presents the antioxidant functional food concept, the classification, the structure, and the extraction process of antioxidant ingredients. Various antioxidant substances such as protein (collagen), polysaccharides (fucoidans, alginates, glucosamines, inulins, laminarins, ulvans, and pectins), and secondary metabolites (polyphenols (phlorotannins, lignins, polyphenols), alkaloids, and flavonoids) also present. The production technology, the mechanism, the opportunity, and the challenge of antioxidants functional food also present in the current chapter. The current chapter also gives the production process of functional-antioxidant food composed of the capsule, the tablet, tube, the pills, the powder, and the effervescent tablet.
Farm-Forestry, Smallholder Farms and Policy Support – The Way Ahead
Authors: Chandra Pande Vinod
Published: June 2021

Farm forestry, interchangeably used for the term agroforestry, encompasses growing trees and/or shrubs on farms, mainly to support agricultural production and supplement farm income on smallholder farms. This, as a bonus, also provides for ecosystem services viz., protection of soil and water resources, biodiversity enhancement, carbon sequestration, and improvement in landscape values to the farm holding. In Indian context, this encompasses raising trees mainly on bunds or field boundaries on small holdings or sometimes intercropped in an agroforestry type configuration, if holding size is bigger. The techno-economic viability of this system has been extensively assessed and wide adoption, therefore, warrants a conducive policy support at local and community level. Governments have framed enabling policies towards this goal; however, desired outcome is still awaited. This study attempts to map out the present development and suggest the measures required at local and community level to make the government policies more fruitful. Policies framed at macro level need recalibration to suit local and community specific requirements in the changing climatic conditions for wider adoption and sustenance.
Fundamentals of the Currently Available Single Port Abdominal Laparoscopic Gynecologic Systems and Utility in Minor Gynecologic Surgery
Authors: Luann Racher M. , Marie Mercier Ann
Published: June 2021

Single incision laparoscopic surgery encompasses a plethora of techniques and styles. Single incision laparoscopy has demonstrated outcomes comparable to traditional multiport laparoscopy with the added benefit of improved cosmesis. This book chapter will review single incision surgery for minor gynecologic surgery, including adnexal surgical procedures and myomectomy. The chapter reviews available data in regard to outcomes in single incision laparoscopy. It also discusses the commercially available single incision surgical access systems, laparoscopes, and accessory instruments. Surgical techniques beneficial in single incision laparosocpy, including uterine manipulation, are also reviewed.
Biopolymer: A Novel Bioexcipient
Authors: Kumar Sushant , Pandey Swarnima , Satheesh Madhav NV
Published: June 2021

Polymers are the key material in design of drug delivery systems. These have been shown as the spine for drug development process. These accept an essential part in rising of novel drug delivery systems to crush different intricacies in drug delivery. These are used for controlling the appearance of the drug in needed manner. The hydrophilic and lipophilic polymers are the most ideal choice for getting the ideal conveyance in controlled, manner at the target sites. Isolated of this, these fabricated and semisynthetic polymers are made by different chemical reactions and purification measures. Since these are prepared by different unit operations which are costly. By and by days different investigates are being examined for avoiding the characteristic, physiological and reasonable issues related with the synthetic and semisynthetic polymers. So an alternative rather than synthetic and semisynthetic polymers are being investigated having interest, probability, and any leftover benefits with least troublesome ramifications for environment and physiology of the people. One of the alternatives as opposed to designed and semisynthetic polymers is biopolymers which have pulled in the thought of researchers by using an economical procedures. Biopolymers are novel, adroit and sharp polymers which have been confined from various basic sources. Biopolymers isolated from natural sources might be utilized as novel excipients having a polymeric nature. These isolated biopolymers have superb bioretardant, bio stabilizer, and mucoadhesive properties. These have the brilliant film-framing capacity and biocompatibility properties. The isolated bio-polymers have great drug release rate controlling capacities. Since these are biodegradable and might be utilized as an option in contrast to standard manufactured synthetic and semisynthetic polymers. The isolated biopolymer shows critical biodegradable, mucoadhesive, filmability, and retardability properties which are like properties of standard polymers, may be the alternative in design of novel drug delivery system design.
The Challenges Facing Palliative Care Advocacy: What Is in a Name?
Authors: Teresa Garcia-Baquero Merino Maria , Victoria Roqué Sánchez María , Pettus Katherine , Menarguez Carreño Micaela
Published: June 2021

The need for Palliative Care (PC) continues to grow throughout the world, requiring continuous development, true to its “ethos.” As awareness grows so does the expectation for timely response and policies to potentiate its delivery. The scientific dimension of its philosophy, underpinned by research and scientific practice, looks to explain its nature, origin and concepts, models and theories within which it is delivered. The concept palliation is widely used; yet, it is understudied by academics and clinicians. Interestingly, it is increasingly questioned by society and other specialists, calling for it to “be debated and essentially contested”. Our aim is to contribute to society’s understanding of palliative care so that they can have a clear and truthful awareness of the complex implications of its mission. We approach the different concepts, scientific theories and structures can be achieved by following different pathways, including defining its “ethos”: personality or nature, manifest in the very formulae by which PC places itself before those who need it. What a fascinating topic it is to research and write on!, phenomenological in its base, it shows how different translations of the Anglo-Saxon PC influence its understanding and much needed expansion. Semiotics are at the base of the essence of how palliative care might be assumed and promoted. PC is, for sure, one of the most important, existential spheres to apply our knowledge today and a novel promising methodology to apply the semiotic and phenomenological approaches learning of different aspects of cultural transfer processes.
Design of a Standing Device for Children with Spinal Dysraphysm
Authors: Robayo-Torres Aydeé , Quiñones-Argote Katherine
Published: June 2021

The standing posture is one of the most important factors in the maturation of the neuromotor system, and it is an evolutionary necessity that phylogenetically makes possible the differentiation of functions between the upper and lower limbs, influencing a greater development of the latter; with a fundamental change in the shape of the foot: it increases the importance of the tarsus and metatarsus and reduces the work of the fingers, which facilitates the movement, transfer and independence of the individual in their activities of daily life. The design and production of the prototype of the device, the judgment of the experts, as well as the results of the physiotherapeutic evaluation before and after the standing program, are the threads that are woven in this research proposal. This study seeks to propose a prototype of a standing frame for pediatric patients with spina bifida. The design of a device for standing is proposed based on the individual characteristics of the users, which was evaluated by experts to later perform a case study on a standing program with this type of device in pediatric patients with spine bifida. The designed prototype seems to offer adequate conditions for maintaining standing and on some musculoskeletal conditions of the patient studied. The study concludes that assisted standing should be promoted through inexpensive, functional and continuous monitoring devices. A user-applied design is proposed and not a generic device model.
Agroforestry as a Small Landholder’s Tool for Climate Change Resilience and Mitigation in Zimbabwe
Authors: Kamuti Tariro
Published: June 2021

Zimbabwe’s agro-based economy is dominated by the country’s majority population who live in rural areas and practice smallholder agriculture. While ameliorating the condition of the participant households, current practices of smallholder agriculture have caused challenges to the governance of land, water and forest resources. Massive deforestation has proceeded at an alarmingly high level, in a way that has threatened the long-term viability of smallholder agriculture and the sustainability of natural forest resources. So, smallholder agriculture has driven forest landscape changes that pose inherent environmental challenges including climate change. This chapter blends institutional and landscape approaches to explain how the integration of agroforestry, as a livelihood strategy, can be a tool for climate change resilience and mitigation in Zimbabwe. Drawing on documentary evidence, the chapter concludes that alternative institutional and livelihood initiatives anchored on agroforestry can transform smallholder agriculture and lead to climate change resilience and mitigation.
Climate Change and Its Potential Impacts on Insect-Plant Interactions
Authors: Karthik Somala , Sai Reddy M.S. , Yashaswini Gummudala
Published: June 2021

The most dynamic and global environmental issue to date is climate change. The consequences of greenhouse effect and climate change from rising temperatures, frequent droughts, irregular rainfall, etc. are already evident. Insects and plants are affected by climate change and extreme weather events and the direct impact of anthropogenic climate change has been reported on every continent, in every ocean and in most major taxonomic groups. In the modern period, as a result of natural cycles and anthropogenic activities and their effects on the global climate, plants are typically susceptible to new environmental factors, i.e. higher levels solar radiation, rise in temperatures, greenhouse effect and changes in rainfall patterns over the seasons. Increased temperatures, CO2 and rapid changes in rainfall patterns can dramatically alter the biochemistry of plants and thus plant defence responses. This can have important implications in insect fertility, feeding rates, survival, population size, and dispersal. The relationships between plants and insects are thus changed with significant consequences for food security and natural ecosystems. Similarly, mismatches between plants and insect pollinators are caused by the acceleration of plant phenology by warming. Human nutrition which depends on insect pollination can be affected with reduction in plant reproduction and fitness. Thus, understanding abiotic stress reactions in plants and insects is relevant and challenging in agriculture. In the preparation and implementation of effective strategies for future insect pest management programmes, the impact of climate change on crop production, mediated by changes in the populations of extreme insect pests should be carefully considered.
SYNTHESIS: A Platform of Platforms for Integrated Management, Curation, and Visualization of Digital Cultural Experiences through VR and AR Technologies
Authors: C.A. Thomopoulos Stelios
Published: June 2021

SYNTHESIS is a platform of platforms (PoP) for the management, curation, and creation of digital cultural experiences related to cultural heritage material (artifacts), and their visualization through mobile applications and virtual and augmented reality (VR/AR) technologies. The digital cultural experiences may relate to specific cultural heritage monuments or exhibits of museum collections and may reside either on site or remotely. The platform provides a comprehensive supervisory tool that allows curators to select digital artifacts from different databases around the topic of interest, associate them through narratives that translate them into a sequence of semantic correlations that can be visualized using VR/AR technologies. The SYNTHESIS of platforms contributes to the creation of a new condition for the promotion of cultural heritage sites, museums, and exhibits, and facilitates the management and interaction of the user-visitor with them. The platform contributes to the creation of an innovative system for the management and curation of large volume of digital material related to an exhibit and consequently its promotion by unifying the stages of: (a) production of digital content; (b) connection of additional digital multimedia material related to the digital content; (c) curation of the digital content and transformation to a digital experience in accordance to a desired narrative; and (d) visualization of the digital experience in-situ or remotely with the use of mobile apps and VR/AR technologies.
Strategies to Develop Emotional Intelligence in Early Childhood
Authors: Ulutaş İlkay , Engin Kübra , Bozkurt Polat Emine
Published: June 2021

Children have many opportunities in early childhood education that support their emotions. These opportunities need to be transformed into learning situations appropriate to their development and developed. Learnings cannot happen independently of emotional intelligence. Social–emotional skills must be developed in education to achieve both academic success and success in life. It is important to support emotional intelligence in early childhood education to enable children to be emotionally healthy, to cope with difficulties, to respect differences, and to gain a social perspective by working in collaboration with others. Emotional intelligence training helps not only children but everyone in the classroom setting, especially educators who are unsure of how to work with a child with an emotional or behavioral problem. Since emotional intelligence can be developed and strengthened by training at all ages, it can be a way of teaching for educators as they regularly include methods and techniques in the program. Based on this, in this section, the emotional intelligence of children, programs methods and strategies will be discussed in terms of supporting emotional intelligence in the early years.
Evaluating Steady-State Visually Evoked Potentials-Based Brain-Computer Interface System Using Wavelet Features and Various Machine Learning Methods
Authors: Sayilgan Ebru , Kemal Yuce Yilmaz , Isler Yalcin
Published: June 2021

Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) have been designated to be appropriate and are in use in many areas such as clinical neuroscience, cognitive science, and engineering. SSVEPs have become popular recently, due to their advantages including high bit rate, simple system structure and short training time. To design SSVEP-based BCI system, signal processing methods appropriate to the signal structure should be applied. One of the most appropriate signal processing methods of these non-stationary signals is the Wavelet Transform. In this study, we investigated both the effect of choosing a mother wavelet function and the most successful combination of classifier algorithm, wavelet features, and frequency pairs assigned to BCI commands. SSVEP signals that were recorded at seven different stimulus frequencies (6–6.5 – 7 – 7.5 – 8.2 – 9.3 – 10 Hz) were used in this study. A total of 115 features were extracted from time, frequency, and time-frequency domains. These features were classified by a total of seven different classification processes. Classification evaluation was presented with the 5-fold cross-validation method and accuracy values. According to the results, (I) the most successful wavelet function was Haar wavelet, (II) the most successful classifier was Ensemble Learning, (III) using the feature vector consisting of energy, entropy, and variance features yielded higher accuracy than using one of these features alone, and (IV) the highest performances were obtained in the frequency pairs with “6–10”, “6.5–10”, “7–10”, and “7.5–10” Hz.
Non-Intrusive Characterization and Monitoring of Fluid Mud: Laboratory Experiments with Seismic Techniques, Distributed Acoustic Sensing (DAS), and Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS)
Authors: Draganov Deyan , Ma Xu , Buisman Menno , Kiers Tjeerd , Heller Karel , Kirichek Alex
Published: June 2021

In ports and waterways, the bathymetry is regularly surveyed for updating navigation charts ensuring safe transport. In port areas with fluid-mud layers, most traditional surveying techniques are accurate but are intrusive and provide one-dimensional measurements limiting their application. Current non-intrusive surveying techniques are less accurate in detecting and monitoring muddy consolidated or sandy bed below fluid-mud layers. Furthermore, their application is restricted by surveying-vessels availability limiting temporary storm- or dredging-related bathymetrical changes capture. In this chapter, we first review existing non-intrusive techniques, with emphasis on sound techniques. Then, we give a short review of several seismic-exploration techniques applicable to non-intrusive fluid-mud characterization and monitoring with high spatial and temporal resolution. Based on the latter, we present recent advances in non-intrusive fluid-mud monitoring using ultrasonic transmission and reflection measurements. We show laboratory results for monitoring velocity changes of longitudinal and transverse waves propagating through fluid mud while it is consolidating. We correlate the velocity changes with shear-strength changes while the fluid mud is consolidating and show a positive correlation with the yield stress. We show ultrasonic laboratory results using reflection and transmission techniques for estimating the fluid-mud longitudinal- and transverse-wave velocities. For water/mud interface detection, we also use distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) and distributed temperature sensing (DTS).
Adaptive Travel Mode Choice in the Era of Mobility as a Service (MaaS): Literature Review and the Hypermode Mode Choice Paradigm
Authors: de Luca Stefano , Mascia Margherita
Published: June 2021

Mobility as a Service (MaaS) is becoming a “fashionable” solution to increase transport users’ satisfaction and accessibility, by providing new services obtained by optimally integrating sustainable modes, but also guaranteeing mass transport and less sustainable modes, guaranteeing fast and lean access/egress to the mass transport. In this context, the understanding and prediction of travellers’ mode choices is crucial not only for the effective management of multimodal transport networks, but also successful implementation of new transport schemes. Traditional studies on mode choices typically treat travellers’ decision-making processes as planned behaviour. However, this approach is now challenged by the widely distributed, multi-sourced, and heterogeneous travel information made available in real time through information and communication technologies (ICT), especially in the presence of a variety of available mode options in dense urban areas. Some of the real-time factors that affect mode choices include availability of shared vehicles, real-time passenger information, unexpected disruptions, and weather. These real-time factors are insufficiently captured by existing mode choice models. This chapter aims to propose an introduction to MaaS, a literature review on mode choice paradigms, then it proposes a novel behavioural concept referred to as the hypermode. It will be illustrated a two-level mode choice decision architecture, which captures the influence of real-time events and travellers’ adaptive behaviour. A pilot survey shows the relevance of some real-time factors, and corroborates the hypothesized adaptive mode choice behaviour in both recurrent and occasional trip scenarios.
Epidemiology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis
Authors: M. Patil Sachin
Published: June 2021

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of interstitial lung disease (ILD) classified under idiopathic fibrotic disorders of the lung. It is the most common type of ILD presenting clinically in the seventh decade of life, almost always at the later stage of illness, attributed to its earlier nonspecific presentation. The term IPF is used when no specific cause for pulmonary fibrosis is identified. Initially described in 1944, recent advances in lung biopsy and pathology have described the disease in detail. This led to further classification of ILD. Also, there have been multiple recent studies indicative of an increased incidence. However, accurate epidemiological data for IPF is minimal, with some being contradictory. Inconsistency in the case definition criteria and methodology has resulted in epidemiological inaccuracy when used to detect patients in the study population. To avoid inaccuracy American Thoracic Society collaborated with the European, Japanese, and Latin American Thoracic Society to arrive at a consensus resulting in 2010 IPF evidence-based guidelines. Notable epidemiological differences are observed in the European, American, and Asian countries. Some countries have set up national registries to collect essential patient data for future studies and comparison with other countries. In this topic, we try to glean over the epidemiology of IPF.
Recurrent Implantation Failure: The Role of Anatomical Causes
Authors: Fonseca Roller Barcelos Mariana , M. da Rocha Filho Aluisio , Evelyn C. Goulart Amanda , Luiza M. Souza Anna , T. Costa Daniely , Galdino de F. Barros Gabriela , Manzi N. Theodoro Isadora , Pierre B. Brasileiro Jean , Cezar S. Oliveira Murilo , I. Zavattiero Tierno Natalia , Quintas F. Ribeiro Tatianna , L. Mathias Castro Valeria , M. Lopes Vinicius
Published: June 2021

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) is one of the great challenges of current reproductive medicine. The term refers to the failure of repeated transfers of embryos of good morphological quality. Embryo implantation is a crucial moment in in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatments. A successful pregnancy depends on a synchronized interaction between a good quality embryo and a receptive endometrium. Its failure may be a consequence of embryo quality, anatomical or immunological factors. The anatomic causes constitute an important factor for RIF, although they are usually manageable. Fibroids, polyps and adhesions that develop after a surgical procedure or infection can hamper the embryo - endometrium attachment process. In addition, Mullerian abnormalities and hydrosalpinx can cause a negative impact on implantation rates and should also be taken into account in patients with RIF. In this chapter, we will address the main anatomical causes that may impact the implantation rates of patients undergoing IVF, as well as recommendations on management and its treatment.
A General Overview of Sweet Sorghum Genomics
Authors: Rosas-Quijano Raymundo , Ontiveros-Cisneros Abraham , Montes-García Noé , Díaz-Franco Arturo , Vázquez-Ovando Alfredo , Gálvez-López Didiana
Published: June 2021

Sorghum is one of the main cereal crops, its consumption is large, since it provides grain, fiber and biofuel. Likewise, its genome, with only 10 diploid chromosomes, makes it an attractive model for research and genetic improvement. Sorghum is the most studied C4 plant of its genus; several lines have been developed under three main characteristics: grain, forage and sugar biomass. Compared to other crops, sweet sorghum possesses high levels of highly fermentable sugars in the stem. Also, it has the ability of producing high production yields in marginal lands. These characteristics make it and attractive crop for the generation of biofuels. Molecular markers associated to several resistances and tolerances to biotic and abiotic factors have been described in literature. These allow the development of high-density linkage maps, which, along with the rising availability of sorghum genomes, will accelerate the identification of markers and the integration of the complete genome sequence. This will facilitate the selection of traits related to biofuels and the marker-assisted genetic improvement. Most of the information presented in this review is focused in Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. However, from the bioenergetics perspective, it is limited to sweet sorghum, which represents a promising opportunity for further studies.
Role of Vitamin E in Boosting the Immunity from Neonates to Elderly
Authors: Kowsalya Mariyappan , Prasanna Rajeshkumar Mohan , Velmurugan Thangavel , Govindaraj Sudha Kattakgounder , Ali Saheb
Published: June 2021

The vitamin E is a fat-soluble vitamin which occurs as a tocopherol component abundant in humans. The vitamin E supplements in humans and animals have provided numerous health benefits. The vitamin E is rich in antioxidants which slow the aging process and reduce the free radical damage. Vitamin E isoforms play an important role in respiratory health. It is also important in health and well-being of preterm neonates. Vitamin E deficiency in new born includes hemolytic anemia, disease of retina, bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Further, in vitro studies, vitamin E has increased the oxidative resistance and prevents the atherosclerotic plaque. The consumption of vitamin E rich foods reduces coronary heart diseases. This chapter focuses on the treatment of vitamin E deficiency in preterm babies and the role of vitamin E in preventing coronary heart diseases.
Rehabilitation Protocols for Children with Dysfunctional Voiding
Authors: D. Zivkovic Vesna , Stankovic Ivona , Dimitrijevic Lidija , Colovic Hristina , Zlatanovic Dragan , Savic Natasa
Published: June 2021

Dysfunctional voiding is a functional voiding disorder characterized by an intermittent uroflow rate due to involuntary intermittent contractions of the striated muscle of the external urethral sphincter or pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) during voiding in neurologically normal children. Symptoms include voiding difficulties as well as urgency, voiding frequency and, in some instances, urinary incontinence and/or nocturnal enuresis. Recurrent urinary tract infections, chronic constipation and/or fecal incontinence and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) contribute to this condition. Urotherapy is the mainstay of the treatment. It starts with education and demystification and simple behavioral modifications. Specific measures include PFM exercises with various forms of biofeedback concentrating at the recognition of PFM function and their relaxation. However, the PFMs are part of the abdominal capsule and they act in coordination with lower abdominal muscles. These muscles need to be relaxed during voiding. Diaphragmatic breathing exercises were introduced to teach children abdominal muscle relaxation. Easy to learn exercises do not require any specific equipment and can be performed at all health care levels. Children from five years of age could benefit from these exercises. In children resistant to standard treatment, botulinum toxin type A application, intermittent catheterization and surgery in children with VUR are recommended.
GRANITOID MAGMATISM IN THE NORTH OF THE URALS: U–Pb AGE, EVOLUTION, SOURCES
Authors: Udoratina O. V. , Kulikova K. V. , Shuyskiy A. S. , Sobolevа A. A. , Andreichev V. L. , Golubeva I. I. , Kapitanova V. A.
Published: June 2021

This work presents the summarization of U–Pb (SIMS, TIMS) zircon dates and petrogeochemical signatures of granitoids of the north of the Urals (Polar, Subpolar, and Northern Urals) obtained over the last decade. Granitе melts were formed from melting of different substrates, highly heterogeneous in composition and age, at all geodynamic stages distinguished in the studied area. Preuralides include island arc–accretionary (735–720 Ma, 670 Ma), collisional (650–520 Ma), and rift-related (520–480 Ma) granitoids. Uralides includes primitive island-arc granitoids (460–429 Ma), mature island-arc granitoids (412–368 Ma), early collisional (360–316 Ma) and late collisional (277–249 Ma) granitoids. As a result, the general trend of variations of oxygen (δ18OZrn, ‰), neodymium (εNd(t)wr), and hafnium (εHf(t)Zrn) isotope compositions identified in time. Mantle isotope compositions (δ18OZrn (+5.6), εNd(t)wr (+1.7), εHf(t)Zrn (+8.7...+10.6)), common for island arc granitoids (Preuralides) are changed by crustal–mantle ones (δ18OZrn (+7.2...+8.5), εNd(t)wr (–4.8...+1.8), εHf(t)Zrn (+2.1 to +13)), typical of collisional granites. According to this, the crustal matter played a significant role during the formation of the latter. The crustal-mantle isotope compositions are changed by the mantle ones, characteristic of rift-related (δ18OZrn (+4.7...+7), εNd(t)wr (+0.7...+5.6), εHf(t)Zrn (–2.04...+12.5)) and island-arc (Uralides; δ18OZrn (+4.2...+5.7), εNd(t)wr (+4.1...+7.4), εHf(t)Zrn (+12...+15.2)) granitoids.
Comparative study of GA and MAC Anesthesia Methods Effects on Oocyte Retrieval in Patients Under IVF Programs
Authors: Mohamadi Sadegh , Khaledian Neda , Karbasfrushan Ali , Hosseini Seyed Sajad , Ezzati Ebrahim
Published: June 2021

Background: Anesthesia is widely used to manage pain and anxiety during oocyte retrieval in vitro fertilization (IVF), but there is probable interference with the results and success rate of IVF. Objectives: The present study compares the effects of general anesthesia (GA) and monitored anesthesia care (MAC) applied in oocyte retrieval. Methods: The general anesthesia used in this study comprised a fentanyl-propofol mixture to reach hypnotic concentrations. Intravenous ketamine-midazolam were used for MAC before procedures according to prescribed doses. In sum, 180 women were recruited for research while 90 women selected for general and 90 for MAC methods. Results: The collected oocytes were higher in number in general group (11.25 ± 4.39) than MAC group (7.03 ± 3.84, P < 0.001), meanwhile, the analyses did not show difference between groups regarding the number of fertilized oocytes (4.52 ± 3.18 vs. 4.15 ± 3.02). The differences in successful pregnancy was not significant. Conclusions: Thus, it seems from findings that fentanyl-propofol GA without nitrous oxide is an appropriate alternative to ketamine-midazolam MAC and can be used for IVF oocyte retrieval if GA is demanded.
Machine Learning-based Distributed Denial of Service Attacks Detection Technique using New Features in Software-defined Networks
Authors:   Faculty of Computers and Information, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt, Gadallah Waheed G. , Omar Nagwa M. , Ibrahim Hosny M.
Published: June 2021

Software-Defined Networking is a new network architecture that separates control and data planes. It has central network control and programmability facilities, so it improves manageability, scaling, and performance. However, it may suffer from creating a single point of failure against the controller, which represents the network control plane. So, defending the controller against attacks such as a distributed denial of service attack is a valuable and urgent issue. The advances of this paper are to implement an accurate and significant method to detect this attack with high accuracy using machine learning-based algorithms exploiting new advanced features obtained from traffic flow information and statistics. The developed model is trained with kernel radial basis function. The technique uses advanced features such as unknown destination addresses, packets inter-arrival time, transport layer protocol header, and type of service header. To the best knowledge of the authors, the proposed approach of the paper had not been used before. The proposed work begins with generating both normal and attack traffic flow packets through the network. When packets reach the controller, it extracts their headers and performs necessary flow calculations to get the needed features. The features are used to create a dataset that is used as an input to linear support vector machine classifier. The classifier is used to train the model with kernel radial basis function. Methods such as Naive Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbor, Decision Tree, and Random Forest are also utilized and compared with the SVM model to improve the detection operation. Hence, suspicious senders are blocked and their information is stored. The experimental results prove that the proposed technique detects the attack with high accuracy and low false alarm, compared to other related techniques.
Numerical Modeling Prediction of Thermal Storage during Discharging Phase, PV- Thermal Solar and with Nanofluids
Authors: Howard Samuel Sami
Published: June 2021

This study is intended to present a numerical model that was established after the energy conservation equations coupled with the heat transfer equations to predict the discharge behavior of different phase change materials, paraffin under the effect of different operating conditions such as solar radiation, heat transfer fluid, using nanofluids; AI2O3, CuO, Fe304 and SiO2, at different concentrations, and heat transfer fluid temperatures. Besides, the effect of the aforementioned operating conditions on the thermal storage process using PV-Thermal hybrid system and the thermal energy conversion efficiency is presented and discussed.
It has been observed in this study that the nanofluid AI2O3 has the longest discharge duration elapse compared to other nanofluids and water as base heat transfer fluid. The nanofluid Ai2O3 as heat transfer fluid exhibited the longest time compared to other nanofluids and water as base heat transfer fluid. It was also shown that the higher the nanofluid volumetric concentrations, the longer the discharge process duration elapses. The data showed that nanofluid Al2O3 has the highest discharge time at different concentrations compared to the other nanofluids during the three regions solid, mushy, and liquid. The results clearly showed that by adding 5 % Fe304 nanoparticles, the melting time of paraffin could be saved by 16.5% over the water. It is also evident that the higher the heat transfer fluid temperature, the higher the hybrid system efficiency, and nanofluids CuO and SiO2 have the highest hybrid system efficiency compared to other nanofluids and water as heat transfer fluid. Finally, a good agreement has been obtained between the model and experimental data published in the literature.
Human Nature
Authors: Breunig Malene
Published: June 2021

The research-based Danish therapy garden Nacadia, which opened in 2011, can be viewed as a holistically oriented realization of the World Health Organization’s (WHO) broad definition of health from 1948: health is not just the absence of disease, but a state of both physical, mental and social well-being in which individuals may develop their abilities, deal with everyday challenges and stress, as well as socialize with other people. Nacadia’s raison d’être and relevance are indisputable. But the questions this article addresses are what perception of nature the therapy forest garden promotes and what social diagnosis it springs from and reproduces. Nacadia’s interdisciplinary research team provides no explanation, but these questions inform my analysis. Based on Nacadia’s concept manual and the therapy garden itself, as well as some literary accounts of engaging with nature, I develop two answers: First, that the researchers behind Nacadia operate with both a discourse and a physical-aesthetic presentation of nature as a peaceful and accessible place for both self-immersion and connection with ‘something greater’. Secondly, the implementation of such a sanctuary encourages romantically tinted modes of experience which certainly seem invigorating but may also evoke an element of alienation for people in a modern society.
Den uhelbredeligt hjemløse kinesiske dagbogsfiktion
Authors: Sørensen Bo Ærenlund
Published: June 2021

This article examines the disease motif in Lu Xun’s “Diary of a Madman” (1918) and in Ding Ling’s “Miss Sophia’s Diary” (1928) in their historical and medical contexts. At its most fundamental, the contemporaneous Chinese conception of health was thermodynamic, vesting the utmost importance in the circulation of energies and substances. This conception had immense social importance because it provided part of the ideological scaffolding for the family structure. Inside the family, established responsibilities and hierarchies purportedly served to guide this circulation in ways supportive of health, and the same considerations charged family members with maintaining strict scrutiny of the family’s barriers against any potentially illness-inducing influences that might penetrate the family fortress. Written at a time when political, social, and scientific verities were crumbling in China, these diaries record the foibles and concerns of two diseased individuals who stand alienated from their families and their immediate surroundings. By focusing on this alienation, as well as on the shared interests of the diarists in boundary crossing flows and anthropophagy, this article suggests that these short stories can profitably be read as explorations of the anxieties facing this generation of young Chinese as they sought to make a world for themselves independently of their families. What these stories dramatize is that leaving the family behind might have medical ramifications in addition to social and financial costs. In the current covid-19 context, we may not need reminding that ideas about disease and health relate in important ways to how we think of the relationship between families, boundaries, and vulnerability.
Tragedie og tilsynekomst
Authors: Paahus Anne Marie
Published: June 2021

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Att se saker med Arendt – konst, estetik, politik

Daidalos, 2020, 247 sider
Dinámica de participación en esquemas de pago por servicios ambientales urbanos: análisis de la intención
Authors: Díez-Echavarría Luisa , Ríos-Echeverri Diana Carolina
Published: June 2021

This work aims to understand landowners’ participation decision dynamics in an urban Payment for Environmental Services scheme under different payment scenarios. Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior, we formulated a simulation model at the individual level with interaction graphs, conformed by diverse agents in attributes, and parameterized with data of a Colombian Andes zone. The results confirm the relevance of the differentiation processes in the payment offer. This work constitutes the first approach to simulate participation in PES schemes in an urban context.
Representation of the Diurnal Distribution of Organic Aerosol by Multidimensional Liquid Chromatography Systems
Authors: MERTOĞLU Elif , FLORES RANGEL Rosa Maria
Published: June 2021

Aerosols have various effects on human health, climate, and ecosystems. Aerosols also have an important role in climate change by altering the radiation balance and lifetime and properties of clouds. Organic aerosol (OA) is composed of a mixture of hundreds to thousands of organic compounds that varies geographically, diurnally, and seasonally according to several factors, such as type and concentration of precursor, type and concentration of oxidants, temperature, relative humidity, among others. The type and number of functional groups composing individual organic species influence their interaction with water vapor and sunlight, therefore affecting both the water cycle and radiation balance. Great efforts have been made to develop analytical techniques that allow the identification and quantification of individual species composing this complex mixture of organic matter and decrease the uncertainty of models to accurately predict OA formation and evolution. It was found that most of the column combinations were not adequate and the best system was provided by methanol: water (1:1). The combination of columns that provided the best separation of the standard compounds was provided by Cyclohexyl and Methyl as primary and secondary columns. However, when this combination of columns was used to represent the evolution of ambient air organic aerosols, significant co-elution was observed. The positive outcome of this study was helpful to evaluate 2D-LC as a potential technique for more accurate determination of organic aerosol components and to understand organic aerosol formation and transformation pathways that can be used in secondary organic aerosol production models.
Antioxidant, Antibacterial Analysis of Pectin Isolated from Banana Peel and its Application in Edible Coating of Freshly Made Mozzarella Cheese
Authors: Tripathi Srishti , Mishra Sunita
Published: June 2021

The present study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial, antioxidant activity of pectin extracted from banana peel. Antibacterial activity was investigated against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Enteritidis. The well diffusion method was used to assess the antibacterial effect of the pectin extract on microorganisms. The extract showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus aureus (19.6 mm). The total phenolic content and flavonoid content in the examined extract found to be 3883.6 mgGA/g and 903.03 mg QE/gm on a dry matter basis. Antioxidant activity is analyzed using in vitro Standard spectrophotometer methods. Pectin extract increases DPPH scavenging activity up to 75 µg/ml of concentration. The innovation in food packaging by the use of pectin-based edible coatings is reviewed in this paper. Thereafter, coating of pectin was done in mozzarella cheese and its shelf life was studied at 1, 7,14,21, and 28 days of storage at 5˚C. It was analyzed that pectin coating over mozzarella cheese increases their shelf life from 7 to 21 days. Thus, pectin is a natural polysaccharide that attracts interest for maintaining and improving the quality of cheese. Also, it minimizes the waste that occurs from non-biodegradable packaging materials and helps the environment to be safe. This research was carried out at the laboratory of Food Science analysis Laboratory, Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University, Lucknow (INDIA) between February 21-April 21.
E-Marketplace in the Agricultural Sector in Sri Lanka: Challenges in Adoption
Authors: Ellawala N. H. , Sachitra K. M. V.
Published: June 2021

Purpose: Agricultural e-commerce can assist in overcoming notable challenges and inefficiencies in the agriculture supply chain especially in developing countries. The aim of the study is to identify barriers to sustaining and further developing an E-marketplace in the agricultural sector in Sri Lanka.

Design: An exploratory qualitative research approach was used to provide an in-depth overview of adopting and sustaining an e-marketplace. Data collection was carried out using semi-structured individual interviews amongst mass producers and buyers of fruits and vegetables as well as an e-marketplace developing institution in Sri Lanka. As this is a qualitative study, non-probability sampling techniques were used. Sample for mass producers was selected using the snowball sampling approach. Criterion sampling approach was used for the selection of bulk buyers of fruits and vegetables and the e-marketplace developing institutions. Thematic analysis was employed.

Findings: The study found that while farmers and buyers both expressed an interest in joining an e-marketplace in the future, they had expectations that must be fulfilled to do so. Unawareness about its existence and the processes behind an e-marketplace was a major barrier common to both farmers and buyers. Further, both farmers and buyers were satisfied with their current process and therefore felt no need for an alternative and therefore would not join an e-marketplace unless that process is supported to an extent. Further, quality, transportation, certifications, and low mobile phone signal were considered major concerns and barriers. Developers face difficulty in acquiring necessary funding to invest in sustaining and further developing the platform. They also believe the absence of a method to guarantee quality and to resolve problems between participants requires an immediate solution. Further, as majority of the farming community is technologically illiterate, developers must account for this issue when developing the platform.

Research Implications: The findings of this study provide valuable knowledge necessary to increase the farmers’ and buyers’ adoption of an e-marketplace in agriculture which has been named as a high priority solution, by the Department of Agriculture in Sri Lanka, to solve the agricultural problems currently being faced.

Originality: The literature scores in developing context are limited to exploring the e-marketplace adoption in the agriculture sector. This study has deepened the authors’ understanding by investigating farmers’ and buyers’ perspective on the adoption of an e-marketplace for agriculture.
Computer Security Practices in Senior High Schools in the Keta Municipality
Authors: Tetteh Abraham , Essah Richard , Opoku Gifty , Serwaa Monica Akua
Published: June 2021

Aims: To examine security practices in Senior High Schools in Keta Municicpality.

Study design:  Descriptive Survey Design.

Place and duration of study: The study was undertaken in the Keta Municipality of Volta Region.

Methodology: The researcher adopted quantitative research design. The target population for the study was made up of eight (8) senior high schools with four thousand two hundred (4200) senior high school students, teachers, administrators and account clerks in the Municipality. The total number of samples for the study was hundred (100) respondents. This comprises forty (40) teachers, forty (40) students, ten (10) ICT teachers, five (5) administrators and five (5) account clerks all from the five selected schools. The research instrument used for the data collection was questionnaire. The usage of a data analysis application known as the International Business Machine, Statistical Package for Social Sciences, assisted the data analysis (IBM SPSS).

Results: The results revealed that 35(87.5%) of students agreed to the fact that they used computer with permission, 32(64%) of teachers emphasized that there were security passwords on computers in their schools, and 27(82.5%) of students indicated that there are codes of conduct guiding computer usage in their schools. However, 20(40%) of teachers emphasized that intrusion detective system was not used on computers in their schools to detect network attack and that 7(70%) of administrators and account clerks attested to the fact that Antivirus is installed on computers in my school

Conclusion: Many schools in the Keta Municipality do not have enough computers let alone sustainable power generation in the schools and this has affected effective teaching and learning and quality education delivering.