bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Navigating housing affordability in Rwanda: Challenges and facilitation strategies
Authors: Malonza Josephine M. , Kibwami Nathan , Lawal Philip O.
Published: July 2021

Housing and its affordability have, of recent, been of great concern to various stakeholders, especially in the developing world.  Consequently, contributing aspects such as construction/tenancy costs, sustainability, environmental impact, and availability of credit facilities with a host of other factors, have dominated contemporary research. Various studies suggest that addressing affordable housing requires understanding the contextual factors that impact affordability of housing. Such studies have not been known to succinctly treat  the context of Rwanda. This paper aimed at exploring the perspectives of housing affordability in Rwanda with a view of eliciting the status, challenges, and prospects. The objectives included description of the current status of housing, identifying the challenges of  providing affordable housing, and proposals of strategies to enhance its provision. Data, such as for workers’ salary, costs of house construction, inflationary trends and the number of housing units per income group, were sought for and obtained either from the  archives of various stakeholder organizations or by interviewing key officers concerned with housing. Descriptive statistics and thematic  analyses were employed in analyzing the data in order to fulfil the objectives of the study. It was found that home ownership and tenure statistics varied, yet housing demand was on the rise. Foremost challenges, among others, were recorded to be scarcity and costly plots of land, compounded with costly building materials. In addition, the purchasing power of the local currency depreciated fast over time, thereby making good quality housing unaffordable for the majority of Rwandans. Localizing policy to enhance public awareness, resolving the issue of high cost of construction materials, and coming up with innovative interventions on land costs, were among the key strategies to facilitate housing affordability.
Perceptual spaces and their symmetries: The geometry of color space
Authors: Vattuone Nicolás , Wachtler Thomas , Samengo Inés
Published: July 2021

Our sensory systems transform external signals into neural activity, thereby
producing percepts. We are endowed with an intuitive notion of similarity
between percepts, that need not reflect the proximity of the physical
properties of the corresponding external stimuli. The quantitative
characterization of the geometry of percepts is therefore an endeavour that
must be accomplished behaviorally. Here we characterized the geometry of color
space using discrimination and matching experiments. We proposed an
individually tailored metric defined in terms of the minimal chromatic
difference required for each observer to differentiate a stimulus from its
surround. Next, we showed that this perceptual metric was particularly adequate
to describe two additional experiments, since it revealed the natural symmetry
of perceptual computations. In one of the experiments, observers were required
to discriminate two stimuli surrounded by a chromaticity that differed from
that of the tested stimuli. In the perceptual coordinates, the change in
discrimination thresholds induced by the surround followed a simple law that
only depended on the perceptual distance between the surround and each of the
two compared stimuli. In the other experiment, subjects were asked to match the
color of two stimuli surrounded by two different chromaticities. Again, in the
perceptual coordinates the induction effect produced by surrounds followed a
simple, symmetric law. We conclude that the individually-tailored notion of
perceptual distance reveals the symmetry of the laws governing perceptual
computations.
Design and Implementation of Travelling Wave Electrode Silicon Mach Zehnder Modulator based Plus-Shaped PN Junction Phase Shifter for Data Centre Application
Authors: Sugesh R. G. Jesuwanth , Sivasubramanian A.
Published: July 2021

Silicon Mach-Zehnder modulator (SMZM)is fit to high-contrast optical modulation in wide ranges ofspectral along 50 Gbaud symbol rates. Some times itsefficiency is lower in wavelength about 1.31 μm than 1.55μm, it can decrease the Phase Shifter (PS) efficiency andoccupies large amount of data rates. In this manuscript,the plus-shaped PN junction Phase Shifter (PS) isproposed. The major aim of the proposed work is to createan optimum CD type plus-shaped PS including lesser VπL.Silicon MZM including proposed PS can satisfy thehigher-speed data transmission requirement on theapplications of inter with intra data centre. The objectiveof this method is to increase the modulation efficiency(ME) by decreasing the optical loss for higher-speed datarate (DR). To get greater efficiency of modulation, the Pdoped region width and the thickness of doped regions arediffer under slabs. The simulation analysis of circuit-levelis executed in the proposed PS acquired at travelling waveelectrode (TWE) silicon Mach Zehnder modulator. In 80Gbps, the 12.39 dB maximal extinction ratio along8.67×10-8 bit error rate (BER) was acquired in VπLπ of1.05 V.cm for 3.5 mm PS length. The measured intrinsicbandwidth of 3 dB denotes ~38 GHz, whereas thetransmission energy per bit denotes 1.71pJ/bit. Moreexamines are carried out to recognize the maximalcommunication distance using proposed PS under SMZMfor the requirements of data centre.
Research on Creativity and Personality Convergence Education to Enhance University Students' Future Competencies
Authors: Youn Jeong-Jin , Kim KyoungEun , Yun MI-Seung , Jang Jae-jin
Published: July 2021

This study proposes some of the elements of competencies that university students must have for coping with life in a society of the future. Furthermore, it proposes a particular teaching method to effectively strengthen these future competencies. In order to carry out this research, a review of previous studies, as well as an analysis of pertinent literature, were conducted in order to ascertain the competencies in question. In addition, three Delphi surveys were conducted by 10 experts in each major field involved. The results showed that future university students would require the following competencies: creativity and personality competency (problem solving ability, curiosity, a challenging spirit, cognitive flexibility, responsibility, leadership, etc.), a common good competency (common good sensitivity, inclusiveness, empathy and communication ability, etc.), and convergence competency (humanities literacy, engineering literacy, aesthetic literacy, etc.), and digital technology application competency (digital literacy, big data utilization, computing thinking, etc.). The results of this study can be used to develop a plan for the advancement of university education-one that meets the various needs of students living in any given future society. Moreover, it can also provide some ideas for the development of educational content by applying certain future competencies and future teaching methods.
ENDÜSTRİ 4.0 VE 3 BOYUTLU YAZICILARIN KARŞILAŞTIRILMASI
Authors: YURAN Ahmet Fatih , YAVUZ İbrahim
Published: July 2021

Endüstri devrimi olarak bilinen üretim teknolojilerinde yaşanan üç devrimsel gelişme toplumu önemli ölçüde etkilemiştir. Bu devrimler; ilk makinelerin hayatımıza girmesi endüstri 1.0, elektriğin üretim araçlarında kullanımı endüstri 2.0, otomasyonun yaygınlaşması endüstri 3.0 olarak tanımlanabilir. Günümüzde ise 3B yazıcılar ile birlikte endüstri 4.0 tartışılmaktadır.

Bu çalışmada endüstri 4.0 yolunda önemli bir yeri olan 3B yazıcılar üzerine kapsamlı bir değerlendirme yapılmıştır. Mevcut 3B yazıcı teknolojileri hakkında derlenen bilgiler sunulmuştur. 2015 ve 2020 yılları arasında 3B yazıcılarla yapılmış olan dikkat çekici çalışmalardan örnekler sunulmuştur.

Yapılan çalışmalar değerlendirildiğinde 3B yazıcıların; otomotiv, biyomedikal, uzay ve havacılık gibi alanlarda öne çıktığı görülmektedir. Gelecekte önemli yer tutacak olan 3B yazıcı teknolojileri başlı başına bir çalışma konusu olmanın yanı sıra farklı disiplinlerdeki araştırmacılar için önemli bir araç olacaktır
BİLGİSAYAR OYUNLARI OYNAMANIN AKADEMİK BAŞARIYA ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ÖZCAN Burcu , ERİŞ Gülşah
Published: July 2021

Teknolojik gelişmeler hayatımızda birçok şeyi değiştirdi ancak en büyük değişikliklerden biri de oyun alışkanlıklarımızın değişmesi olmuştur. 1970 yılında video oyunlarının piyasaya çıkmasıyla çocukların ve yetişkinlerin boş zamanlarını kullanma alışkanlıkları daha önce hiç olmadığı kadar farklı hale gelmiştir. Her yıl piyasaya çıkan bilgisayar oyunları binlerce yeni aksiyon sahneleri, görsel efektleri vb. birçok konu ile insanların ilgisini çekmektedir. Kuzey Amerika, Avrupa, Kore ve Japonya gibi en üretken olan ülkelerde bilgisayar kullanan çocukların ve yetişkinlerin oyun oynama süreleri katlanarak daha da artmaktadır. Dijital oyun endüstrisi, Hollywood film endüstrisinin gişe alımları ile karşılaştırılabilir gelirler ile yaratıcı endüstrilerin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, bilgisayar oyunlarının akademik başarılara etkisinin bölümler bazında, cinsiyet, okul ortalamaları, tercih ettikleri oyun türleri, bilgisayar oynama nedenleri gibi değişkenlere göre farklı olup olmadığı araştırılmaktadır. Araştırma için kullanılan veriler online anket ile toplanmıştır ve 103 katılımcı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu veriler SPSS programında analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma için üç problem kurulmuştur. Sonuç olarak, bilgisayar oyunu oynama nedeninin cinsiyet ve üniversite başarı ortalaması ile arasında anlamlı fark bulunmamıştır. Buna ek olarak yapılan crosstab analizi ile mühendislik fakültesi bölümü ile en çok tercih edilen oyun türü strateji ve macera olmuştur.
Nuevos tapabocas para viejas invisibilidades: representaciones de la niñez y adolescencia en medios periodísticos durante la pandemia en Mendoza, Argentina [New masks for old invisibilities: Representations of children and adolescents in the media during the pandemic in Mendoza, Argentina]
Authors: Vitaliti José María
Published: July 2021

La niñez y adolescencia en tiempos de pandemia estuvo mayormente confinada. La casa concentró las tareas escolares y la recreación en un mismo espacio. De esta manera, la escuela y las salidas eran espacios en los que transcurría la reproducción de la vida. Si bien, la niñez y adolescencia estaban fuertemente vinculados a estos espacios, la agenda estatal y mediática operaron de manera diferenciadora. En este trabajo se buscó identificar y analizar las representaciones sobre la niñez y la adolescencia en pandemia en la prensa local de Mendoza, Argentina. La metodología utilizada tiene un enfoque cualitativo de corte hermenéutico. Para ello, se trabajó con fuentes periodísticas utilizando una como mojón principal: “Los Andes”. Para contrastar y analizar la fuente anterior, se utilizaron fuentes locales “El Otro” e internacionales “El Confidencial”, “Les Echos” y “El País”. Las categorías emergentes surgidas por medio del análisis fueron: 1. la escuela: virtualidad, desigualdad y deslegitimaciones 2. el confinamiento: cierre de espacios de juego y la adolescencia desconfinada 3. la salud infantil: la vulnerabilidad en los niños/as como aún-no y 4. el femicidio en niñas y adolescentes. Las categorías de infancia fueron regresivas. La niñez y adolescencia como “los aún no” y en clave moderna, son manifestaciones que en tiempos de pandemia continúan siendo sostenidas por una estructura patriarcal y adultocéntrica, que segrega y excluye a la niñez y adolescencia subalternizandola.
A poluição visual e seus impactos no espaço urbano em Palmas- TO: uma década de transformação
Authors: Teixeira Irenides
Published: July 2021

A poluição visual é um fenômeno que deve ser discutido, visto que afeta diretamente a qualidade de vida do cidadão, a paisagem e a memória urbana. O objetivo da pesquisa foi mapear a poluição visual, no espaço urbano, em Palmas-TO e comparar com a poluição visual existente em 2010. O estudo foi realizado por meio de registro fotográfico das peças publicitárias presentes nas 10 quadras do centro simbólico, em localidades de maior concentração de mídia externa. Os resultados apontam que outdoors de madeira e de metal, pequenas placas e faixas foram retiradas. Em algumas localidades onde o poder público conseguiu retirar os outdoors, a iniciativa privada incorporou a publicidade a sua estrutura predial. Os outdoors de metal sem anúncio continuam sendo uma problemática ainda não resolvida na cidade. Não foram encontrados painéis digitais nas localidades monitoradas. Ao longo dos 11 anos de comparação observou-se maior fiscalização por parte dos órgãos públicos. Aos gestores públicos e a sociedade civil sugere-se o contínuo monitoramento da poluição visual. Aos pesquisadores sugere-se estudos que considerem a influência da poluição visual nas ocorrências de acidentes
Projeto de educação da cidade de carapicuíba – formação e cidadania
Authors: Carlos Aparecida Graça , Zenun Katsue Hamada e , Markunas Mônica
Published: July 2021

Em 2009, a Secretaria Municipal de Educação de Carapicuíba, na região metropolitana de São Paulo, iniciou a elaboração de seu Plano Curricular, fundamentado em teorias interacionistas de Currículo, buscando a identidade de sua Rede de Ensino, valorizando a realidade e a cultura local. Em 2013, o projeto ampliou a reflexão sobre as estruturas do sistema; retomou conceitos norteadores como conhecimento, abordagem metodológica e avaliação; bem como trouxe a discussão sobre reorganização das disciplinas em áreas do conhecimento, determinando a seleção e distribuição dos conteúdos o que demanda também a reorganização dos tempos e espaços escolares.
Operation Lam Son 719 amid “Vietnamization” Strategy during Vietnam War
Authors:   University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, Ngọc Dung Assoc. Prof. Nguyen ,   International Relations Program, Thu Dau Mot University, Binh Duong, Vietnam
Published: July 2021

Fifty years ago, Operation Lam Son 719 was organized by the US Army and the Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN) to realize their scheme to cut off the Indochina battlefield separating the Vietnam revolutionary forces from the revolutionary movement of Laos and Cambodia. Based on historical evidence from previous Vietnamese and USA documents, this article aims to prove that Operation Lam Son 719 made many strategic mistakes in assessing the military power of ARVN and the revolutionary alliance of Vietnam - Laos – Cambodia during the Vietnam War, as well as the tactical mistakes on the battlefield of ARVN. The failure of Operation Lam Son 719 dealt a heavy blow to the Vietnamization strategy, showing the passive strategic approach in the Doctrine of Vietnamization. Operation Lam Son 719 played a big role in forcing the U S to agree to negotiate with Democratic Republic of Vietnam in Paris.
Implementation of Knowledge Management in Building the Organization Dealing Effectiveness of Dynamic Environment in the Disruptive Era
Authors:   Universitas Krisnadwipayana Jakarta Campus Unkris Jatiwaringin PO BOX 7774/Jat CM Jakarta 13077, Indonesia, Harri Muhammad
Published: July 2021

The focus of this study is the implementation of knowledge management, organizational effectiveness, and disruptive which uses a descriptive narrative approach to describe knowledge management as a multi-disciplinary approach. The method used is the descriptive qualitative analytic approach. Data collected through literature studies and fieldwork using interviews, observation and documentation study. The results showed that knowledge management is the organization's activities in managing knowledge as assets in which the various strategies are the proper distribution of knowledge to the right people and in the period of rapid so that they are can be interacting, share knowledge and apply it in their daily work to improve organizational performance. The results of this study are expected in the era of globalization where changes in environmental changes occur very rapidly, the uncertainty of the environment and the level of competition is very high often cause a leader should be able to have a strategy in making organizational decisions, errors in reading the situation and overreact to changes in the dynamically changing environment will fail. The organization will survive forward if managers can make the right decisions and quickly following the development of the internal and external environment.
A DESCRIPTIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE FACTORS INFLUENCING THE JOB STRESS AMONG THE INTENSIVE CARE UNIT NURSES AT ERODE, TAMIL NADU, INDIA
Authors: thulasimani Mrs. D. Thulasimani , Kumari Dr. Ramesh , Kumari Dr. Ramesh
Published: July 2021

ABSTRACT
When the working system is in demand of more efficiency, individual resource stress is felt. Perception of stress
occurs when there is a mismatch between the expectations and accomplishment. Because of workload and working
environment seen in hospitals, health professionals frequently suffer from stress. In India prevalence of
occupational stress amongst nurses has been estimated to be 87.4%. The present study was planned for assessing
factors affecting occupational stress among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses. So the Nurse manager and Chief of
the hospital should take initiatives to overcome this problem and help them reduce the job stress by providing
commensurate workload according to their abilities and lend proper recognition to their efforts and skills, and
motivate them to contribute their thoughts to take decisions in their work, assign them responsibilities to do their
work and help them improve their relations with their co-workers.
Key Words: Job Stress, Intensive care unit, Workload.
Veterinary behavioural health issues associated with disaster response
Authors: Vroegindewey Gary
Published: July 2021

Emergencies and disasters create stressful situations that can exacerbate ongoing behavioural health issues. Veterinarians have been identified as a professional group at elevated risk for behavioural health issues when they are involved with an emergency response. Prior studies looking at transboundary animal disease disaster management demonstrate the significant and long-lasting mental health effects experienced by veterinary responders. To examine the scale and scope of behavioural health issues exhibited by veterinary responders, an online and anonymous survey was conducted with veterinarians who had participated in events in the Asia-Pacific, Africa, Europe, Latin America and North America regions. The results of the survey showed that behavioural health issues were reported by 51 per cent of respondents during and up to 6 months after the disaster. Behavioural health issues reported included loss of sleep, anxiety, difficulty with personal and professional relationships, mood swings, depression, nightmares and flashbacks and suicidal thoughts. The scope and magnitude of veterinarians with behavioural health issues associated with disasters underscores the need for guidelines, standards, education, training and further research in this area.
E-SPORTS: DESDE LA REVISIÓN SOCIOHISTÓRICA CULTURAL HACIA SU CONCEPTUALIZACIÓN
Authors: Betancourt-Fajardo Pablo José , Zambrano Samuel , Ordaz-Martínez Iván Jesús , Riera Morillo Ana Lisbalby
Published: July 2021

En la actualidad, los videojuegos han captado la atención de un público variado, ya no sólo los jóvenes comparten esa afición, sino también los adultos se han inclinado por ellos, pero un gran grupo de jugadores y usuarios no conocen nada del sector de los e-Sports. Es por ello que la presente investigación tiene como fin el determinar la conceptualización de los e-Sports como deporte, de acuerdo a la comprensión de esta modalidad y el surgimiento de nuevos profesionales. Empleando para ello una metodología bajo el paradigma positivista, con un enfoque cuantitativo, con un diseño de tipo no experimental, siendo del tipo documental, presentando un nivel descriptivo. Como técnica de recolección de datos se empleó la revisión documental y sus instrumentos fueron el fichaje y el cuaderno de notas. La técnica de análisis manejada fue el análisis de contenido. Concluyendo que la definición de los e-Sports como deporte, ha tenido un avance en el ámbito social, por cuanto se han organizados campeonatos y la especialización de personas que se dedican a este fin, se encuentra en crecimiento.
História e Cultura indígena: estudo e pesquisa durante as aulas remotas no ensino superior
Authors: Do Nascimento Sueli , Bezerra de Carvalho Alonso
Published: July 2021

Expõe-se aqui o resultado das aulas remotas transmitidas durante a pandemia Covid-19, abordando a temática indígena, com base na Lei nº 11.645/08, relativa ao ensino superior. Objetivo foi o de fomentar a transição da consciência ingênua freireana e a prévia rüseniana, a partir do saber histórico de 26 acadêmicos do curso superior em Engenharia da Computação, no período de agosto a novembro de 2020, no UniSALESIANO (Centro Universitário Católico Salesiano Auxilium), Araçatuba/SP. Abordar-se-á aqui o processo da temática relacionada aos povos indígenas, focando a desmitificação, as lacunas e, sobretudo, a desconstrução de conceitos e preconceitos apresentados nas dissertações dos alunos sobre tais povos. A se destacar a importância da partilha no Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Educação, Ética e Sociedade (Gepees), que possibilitou esta ininterrupta construção-desconstrução-construção em nossa ação, enquanto pesquisadores, no âmbito da educação e das estratégias utilizadas, que contribuíram para o processo da formação da consciência histórica.
Perceived Barriers and Benefits of Condom Use among College Students
Authors: Fehr Sara. K. , Vidourek Rebecca A. , King Keith A. , Nabors Laura A.
Published: July 2021

College students engage in high risk sexual behaviors. Condom use is one method of prevent-ing negative consequences of risky sexual behaviors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identifyperceived barriers and perceived benefits to condom use among college students. A survey was developedand used to assess the study purpose. Study findings indicated barriers to condom use were reduced pleasure(32.5%), knowing a partner’s sexual history (26.5%), and condoms limit intimacy (19.9%). The lead-ing benefits of condom use were preventing pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (63.8%), condomshelp prevent sexually transmitted diseases (50.1%), and feelings of safety after using condoms (49.3%).Number of partners significantly influenced the perceived barriers (p <.001) and benefits (vaginal andoral p <.001; anal p = .036). These findings may beneficial to those creating safer sex educational pro-grams aimed at increasing rates of condom use among college students.
An Examination of Estimated BMI and Perceived Wellness among Students at a Midsized Midwest University
Authors: Kenedy Kylie , Wiedenman Eric M. , Ball James W. , Dinkel Danae , Akehi Kazuma , Bice Matthew R.
Published: July 2021

Health is complex and the perception of individual wellness can be influenced by various factors.Students at a Midwestern university estimated their BMI, completed the Perceived Wellness Survey, andhad their BMI calculated. Measured BMI was significantly higher than estimated [F(2,155) = 62.03, p= 0.001]. Associations existed between the measured constructs of psychological (r = -0.231; p = 0.004),spiritual (r = 0.248; p = 0.002), and estimated BMI. Data indicates that perceived body composition isrelated to wellness. False perception of body composition could lead to wellness deficiencies.
Is Fringe Baking A Component of Socially Determined Health?
Authors: Hundley Courtney L , Wilson Richard W. , Chenault John , Smimble Jamie L.
Published: July 2021

This was an exploratory study to assess the association between density of fringe lenders (e.g.payday) and health status. For Louisville, Kentucky, ZIP code level data on hospitalizations and mortalityrates as health measures were compared to fringe bank locations. We found lower socioeconomic status(SES) positively correlated with greater frequency of fringe banks; rates of illness appear to be higher in ZIPcodes with more fringe banks, but this finding was not statistically significant. In conclusion, neighbor-hoods between higher frequencies of fringe banks appear to have poorer health; it is premature to rule in orrule out a direct or indirect association between neighborhood presence of fringe banks, but there is enoughevidence to justify additional research to put any conclusions on a firmer footing.
Activity Levels of College Students Enrolled in Physical Activity Courses
Authors: Sacko Ryan S. , Egan Cate , Michael Dan , Moore Erin , Kaysing Nicole , Brazendale Keith , Webster Collin A.
Published: July 2021

This study examined the amount of PA (physical activity) students obtain during college PA class-es and reasons for enrolling in classes. Accelerometers measured PA levels of participants (n=66) in nineclasses (archery, flying-disc, jogging, karate, spinning, swing dance, weight-training, Tai Chi, yoga) acrosssix time points during one semester. Only one (flying-disc, period 3) of the 54 class periods accumulatedenough PA to meet PA recommendations. Participants indicated reasons (e.g., increase PA) for takingthe courses. Students did not obtain high levels of PA during course meeting times. College PA instructorsshould design courses to maximize time spent in PA.
Are Young Adults Talking about Their Family Health History? A Qualitative Investigation
Authors: Xu Lei , Jacobs Wura , Odum Mary , Melton Caitlin , Holland Lindsey , Johnson Kelly
Published: July 2021

Family Health History (FHH) plays an essential role in risk assessment for a variety of hereditaryconditions. However, little is known about how young adults communicate with their family membersabout FHH. We conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with 30 college students to gatherinformation about their FHH communications with family members. Our sample was diverse and halfof our participants were international young adults. Our findings indicated that none of the intervieweeshad initiated conversations about their FHH. Our findings highlight the need to provide culturally-tailored educational programs for young adults on the importance of collecting FHH for proactive care.
Body Weight Stigma in Physical Activity Settings
Authors: Pickett Andrew C. , Cunningham George B.
Published: July 2021

Given societal body ideals praising thinness and muscularity, physical activity spaces can bedifficult to navigate for those in larger bodies. Thus, stigma serves as a strong barrier to participation. Inthis study, the authors explore ways that body stigma affects larger individuals’ participation in physicalactivity. This authors employed qualitative, semi-structured interviews (N = 9), regarding personal experi-ences of body weight stigma. Results suggest that body stigma is common and that various discriminatoryexperiences led participants away from participating. Given the prevalence of prejudicial behaviors, whichexclude larger individuals, the authors argue for more inclusive physical activity spaces and practices.
Perceived media influence on youth bullying and substance abuse behaviors
Authors: Herbert Patrick C. , Rhodes Darson , Tiberi-Ramos Je’Lynn , Cichon Taylor , Baer Hailee , Cox Carol
Published: July 2021

Social influences and ‘new media’ may contribute to students participating in risky health be-haviors. An evidence-based, digital media literacy curriculum was delivered by members of a communitysubstance abuse prevention coalition to upper elementary-aged students in a local afterschool program.Written pre-post assessments of perceived media influence on their health risk behaviors were completedby participants. Mean pre-test scores for ‘Influence of the Internet’ were significantly (p<.01) higher thanpost-test scores. Results reflect participants reporting the internet had less influence on their health choicespost-program than pre-program. Media literacy interventions can be effective when used in the afterschoolsetting.
Lessons Learned from Implementation and Evaluation of an Evidence-Based Sex Education Pilot Program for Minority Adolescent Females
Authors: Huelskamp Amelia C. , Catalano Hannah P.
Published: July 2021

The purpose of the pilot program was to increase knowledge, beliefs, and intentions related toabstinence and safer sex practices in a small cohort of minority adolescent girls. Researchers implementedand evaluated the Be Proud! Be Responsible! curriculum with a small group of seven minority girls ages13 to 18 who were sexually inexperienced during a four-week summer program at a Boys and Girls Club.Lessons learned from our program include that educators should first take steps to establish rapport priorto program implementation, secondly, there should be an increased number of program sessions than pres-ently in the curriculum and thirdly, grouping participants into cohorts of smaller age range may be moreconducive to the educational process.
Perceived Barriers to and Social Supports for Breastfeeding Continuation in Rural Middle Tennessee
Authors: Wrye Bethany , Story Chandra , Campbell Kari , Teal Jesse
Published: July 2021

Despite established importance, few Tennessee mothers breastfeed for a year. The purpose ofthis study was to examine perceived barriers to and perceived supports for this behavior. Quantitativeand qualitative data were collected using on-line surveys. Participants were recruited via convenienceand snowball sampling (N = 100). Significant findings were that support, determination, and comfortbreastfeeding in public all contribute to breastfeeding continuation success. The findings indicate thateducation for maternal support systems, paid maternity leave, and acceptance of breastfeeding in publicmay be worthwhile.
Flip this House: The Structural Renovation of a Baccalaureate Health Studies Degree Program
Authors: Doyle Karen , Putnam Janice , Kreiner David
Published: July 2021

The purpose of this article is to provide other Health Studies (HS) degree programs with new ideas and lessons learned on how to flip their own house. An effective house-flipping begins with what needs the house should fulfill, leading to a vision and a design. The HS degree revision began with consideration of the nature of the field, leading to formulation of a program vision and mission. Specific decisions about program goals, course requirements, and program branding then flowed from those higher-level decisions. This time-consuming and challenging process resulted in a program with a defined purpose.
Assessing Policy Advocacy Choice and Strategy in a Community Health Improvement Plan
Authors: Tataw David
Published: July 2021

SWOT analysis and an eight-item best practice assessment instrument, are utilized to asses intergovernmental public health policy development to advance tobacco free living in a Mid-Western region of the United States. Findings revealed similar patterns across methods and data sources. Compared to effective and tested practices, the tobacco free policy advocacy strategy was successful at both the statewide level and regional level. Agendas were more aligned among community partners for regional initiatives than for statewide initiatives. Also, it was clear that alignment of agendas at the community partnership level was harder when issues were tough and opposition from economic interest was high.
Environment and Resident Perception: Using Geographic Information Systems and Survey Methods
Authors: Deitrick Sabina , Beach Scott , Kinnee Ellen , Streiff Meg
Published: July 2021

This paper examines the relationship between subjective measures of quality of life in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and objective measures of neighborhood environment using Geographic Information Systems. The research analyzes differences in participant perceptions of health and environment by combining spatial cluster analysis with survey methods to understand the spatial context of subjective well-being. Environmental Justice Areas are used as objective measures of socio-economic differences in the spatial analysis. The results found significant statistical differences as well as spatial clustering of survey responses and contribute to recent research analyzing subjective well-being through spatial analysis of objectively measured neighborhood conditions.
Empowered Community Leadership for Chronic Disease Prevention: Context Matters
Authors: Mayberry Robert , Daniels Pamela , Willock Robina Josiah , Yan Fengxia
Published: July 2021

Meaningful actions to reduce the disproportionate chronic disease burden in health-disparate, often segregated, and healthcare-vulnerable communities are challenging as there are many known and unknown multilevel factors that influence chronic disease prevention behavior. Despite the many challenges, community capacity can be built to facilitate prevention behavioral change. Community leadership among residents becomes that catalyst in building a sustainable capacity for chronic disease prevention (i.e., preventing diabetes, youth violence, or a novel disease) within the context of socioeconomic and other vulnerabilities. This article discusses the leadership role of community health workers (CHWs) as informed and empowered residents to catalyze multilevel prevention behavior change.
Enhancing the Health of African Americans Using a Public Health Ethics Lens
Authors: Warren Rueben
Published: July 2021

Health inequalities are preventable. Differences in health status chronicled by race, age, sex, income, or geographic locale have existed ever since federal record keeping began. Various terms describing these differences have created diversions for effectively addressing them. Some population terms include health risks, health differences, health markers, and health disparities. However, none of these descriptors influences health outcomes. At the individual level, deviations from health described as illness, sickness, and disease are often erroneously used interchangeably. Bioethics and public health ethics are essential to avoid repeating historical research and healthcare violations. Ignoring ethical considerations will delay health improvements among African Americans.
A COMPARISON OF RAPID DIAGNOSTIC TEST AND MODIFIED ZIEHL-NEELSEN METHOD IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF CRYPTOSPORIDIOSIS.
Authors: AS Dahal , AS Daha , OM Okolo , IK Onyedibe , TN Cosmas , MZ Sabitu , BE Banwat , ZD Egah
Published: July 2021

Background: Cryptosporidium parvum as a leading cause of persistent diarrhoea in developing countries causes a more severe illness in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The intermittent shedding of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in stool, even in patients with massive diarrhoea, makes diagnosis difficult. This study evaluated the validity of Crypto-Strip test in comparison to the modified Ziehl-Neelsen for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as gold standard. Methods: This was a hospital based cross-sectional study of 100 HIV positive patients with diarrhoea at a tertiary health facility in Jos, Nigeria. We collected 15mls of stool sample and relevant information from patients who gave informed consent. The oocytes of Cryptosporidium parvum were identified in the stool samples using modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain and Rapid diagnostic test (Crypto-Strip). We also ran all samples using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Statistical analysis was with statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Result: Out of the 100 stool samples analysed, 13 (13%) were positive for cryptosporidiosis by PCR. Crypto- Strips recorded 12 (12%) positive with one (1) being false negative as compared to PCR. Conversely, eight (8%) of the 100 samples collected were positive for Cryptosporidium oocysts using modified Ziehl Neelsen (mZN) stain. Out of the eight positives by mZN stain, two were false positive as both tested negative by the PCR. The Crypto-Strip test kit had a sensitivity of 92.3% and a specificity of 100.0% and also positive and negative predictive values of 100.0% and 98.9%, respectively. Whereas, the modified Ziehl Neelsen stain had a sensitivity of 46.2% and a specificity of 97.7% with a positive and negative predictive value of 75.0% and 92.4%, respectively. Conclusion: In this study, we have shown that Crypto-Strip test was a better diagnostic method for the diagnosis of crypto
Analysis of Business Strategies of Xiaomi
Authors: H. M Safiya , S Shylesh
Published: July 2021

The Smartphone manufacturer from China has a very novel business model wherein they manufacture cell phones in batches thereby keeping the inventory costs on a very low side. The company has really challenged the brick and mortar model and sell online, thereby cutting down the intermediaries and keeping the costs down for the company. The company sells smartphones almost on the cost price. The profit margin is very thin, and the company believes that they will make money by selling accessories and other complementary things. The problem which ascends now is that how Xiaomi would be able to adjust to the increased competition from other players like Huawei and ZUK from Lenovo who have imitated the same model. The second issue which has come to time light is that would this business model be sustainable over the long period. The third issue is how the company would react to the decline in the smartphone sales in China which has been one the main driving forces responsible for companies growth.
Excellence through Value Education – A Case Study of Sharada Vidyanikethana Public
School
Authors: Ganapati Gouda Gururaj , D’Mello Laveena
Published: July 2021

Today education has become industrialized and it is limited in the teaching of concept printed in the book. At the same time, inappropriate understanding of the teaching profession has made students be away from value based education system. India is a country of unique culture, tradition and its deferent leaving style of citizens, getting step by step modified in connecting this value of life among civilians. High influence of western lifestyle, the growth of urbanization and technological development is making the young population of India lose an opportunity in adopting the value-based lifestyle, empathetic behaviour and respective attitude in their day today’s leaving. The other hand unchanged Indian education system is also playing major role behind deciding the future of its young generation. This may affect the value based social system of tomorrow. Sharada Vidyanikethan Public School, Administrated by Tulunaadu Educational Foundation is one of the schools providing value based education with modern facilities in India. The case study is exploring the benefits of value-added education in preparing students population as well trained and equipped with human values, character, moral integrity, and the knowledge and skills to be good citizens of a particular country.
GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE DRAINAGE BASIN OF THE PAULO SARASATE WEIR VARJOTA-CEARÁ,BRAZIL/ANÁLISE GEOLÓGICA E GEOMORFOLÓGICA DA BACIA DE DRENAGEM DO AÇUDE PAULO SARASATE VARJOTA-CEARÁ,BRASIL
Authors: LIMA ERNANE CORTEZ , CARNEIRO CAMILA DA SILVA
Published: July 2021

Este artigo refere-se a análise geológica e geomorfológica da bacia de drenagem do açude Paulo Sarasate, com área de 3.501Km² a oeste do estado do Ceará. Após a interpretação de imagens de satélite Landsat 8 elaborou-se mapas temáticos tendo como apoio as folhas Sudene/DSG SB.24-V-B-1 (Santa Quitéria) e a SB.24-V-A-III (IPU) na escala 1:100.000. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise sistêmica através de levantamento bibliográfico, cartográfico e trabalho de campo. Sendo possível a identificação de 4 Unidades Geoambientais: a depressão sertaneja, a planície fluvial do rio Acaraú, os Maciços residuais e o Planalto Sedimentar da Ibiapaba. Tem início com a caracterização geológica e finaliza com a integração dos componentes geomorfológicos, permitindo estabelecer relações entre as formas e depósitos herdados de períodos geológicos anteriores, bem como as tendências evolutivas presentes.
SPATIAL VARIATION IN THE RECENT GEOMORPHOLOGICAL EVOLUTION OF THE TURVO RIVER BASIN, IN THE MIDDLE VALLEY OF THE RIO PARAÍBA DO SUL: MORPHOLOGICAL AND CHRONOSTRATIGRAPHIC EVIDENCES/VARIAÇÃO ESPACIAL NA EVOLUÇÃO GEOMORFOLÓGICA RECENTE DA BACIA DO RIO TURVO
Authors: XAVIER RAFAEL ALBUQUERQUE , COELHO NETTO ANA LUIZA
Published: July 2021

Evidências morfológicas e crono-estratigráficas apontam que a região do médio vale do Rio Paraíba do Sul (MVRPS) passou por dois ciclos de instabilidade morfodinâmica: o primeiro entre 10.000 e 8.000 anos atrás, e o segundo, iniciado há cerca de 250 anos (ciclo do café). Essa dinâmica evolutiva foi amplamente comprovada para a bacia do Rio Bananal, vertente direita do MVRPS. Diante disso, este estudo objetivou avaliar as repercussões desses dois ciclos na bacia do Rio Turvo, vertente esquerda do MVRPS. Foram feitos levantamentos de depósitos fluviais em diversas sub-bacias, através de mapeamento e espessura obteve-se a volumetria desses depósitos. Foram realizadas 15 análises por datação de C14 em 9 perfis estratigráficos. Os estudos geocronológicos (AMS C14) nos terraços fluviais dos rios Turvo e Pedras mostram que eles foram formados no mesmo ciclo erosivo-deposicional, entre 8000-10000 anos atrás, identificado para a bacia do Rio Bananal. Entretanto, as taxas de erosão foram superiores na bacia do Rio Bananal (sub-bacia do Rio Piracema) (38.500 m3/ano), seguido pela sub-bacia do rio Pedras (2.240 m3/ano) e demais sub-bacias do rio Turvo (320 m3/ano). Por outro lado, comparando as taxas de sedimentação do período do café, observou-se taxas semelhantes entre as bacias dos rios Turvo e Bananal (96.640 m3/ano e 97.160 m3/ano, respectivamente). Os resultados apontam um modelo de evolução geomorfológica espacialmente não uniforme, tendo a sub-bacia do Rio Pedras maior magnitude erosivo-deposicional, enquanto no restante da bacia do rio Turvo há menor estoque de sedimentos nos vales fluviais e a preservação de feições de denudação química nos interflúvios.
Ingres en el Campidoglio: otra mirada al paisaje urbano
Authors: Pérez Igualada Javier
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se analiza la mirada particular al paisaje urbano que propone Ingres en su dibujo L’Escalier de Santa Maria in Aracoeli, comparándola con la que resulta de aceptar como punto de vista predeterminado el que Miguel Ángel propone en su composición simétrica para la Piazza del Campidoglio. Se examinan para ello las diferentes formas en las que se ha representado gráficamente el conjunto del Campidoglio, tanto en manuales de referencia sobre morfología urbana como en los grabados antiguos, para rastrear a través del encuadre y la perspectiva antecedentes de la mirada  alternativa de Ingres. Finalmente, se integra el análisis del dibujo de la escalinata de Santa María in Aracoeli en una interpretación de los paisajes urbanos dibujados por Ingres durante su estancia en Roma, identificando los rasgos distintivamente modernos  que podemos encontrar en su representación de la ciudad.
El proceso experimental de composición del color en el Real Club Náutico de San Sebastián, edificio polícromo
Authors: Pérez Martínez José Javier , Senderos Laka María , Leon Cascante Iñigo
Published: July 2021

El Real Club Náutico de San Sebastián se ha convertido en un icono del racionalismo español y, en particular, de la arquitectura náutica asociada habitualmente al color blanco. Sin embargo, la documentación de la época desvela un edificio polícromo en consonancia con las nuevas formas de expresión arquitectónica.

Se ha definido el proceso experimental y de ensayo cromático llevado a cabo por Aizpúrua y Labayen en el edificio, identificando distintas fases en la composición arquitectónica del color que no han sido previamente descritas. Para su determinación se ha realizado una búsqueda exhaustiva de fotografías, clasificándolas cronológicamente mediante un laborioso trabajo de datación. Se han caracterizado dichas fases acotándolas en el tiempo, representándolas gráficamente, detallando sus diferencias e indagando en las causas que motivaron estos cambios. Todo ello con el objetivo de restituir, en su justa medida, el valor histórico, arquitectónico y simbólico del edificio.
Limitaciones en el levantamiento digital de bienes patrimoniales con tipología de torre
Authors: Molina Sánchez Susana , Juan Vidal Francisco , Cipriani Luca , Denia Ríos José Luis
Published: July 2021

Las técnicas de levantamiento digital terrestres como la fotogrametría (SfM) y el láser escáner 3D (TLS) poseen ciertas limitaciones en función de las herramientas utilizadas y de la geometría, condiciones de iluminación y distancia del elemento con el que se trabaja. Por ello, el objetivo de este estudio es describir un método para el correcto levantamiento digital de elementos altos (con tipología de torre) cuando se trabaja con dichas restricciones, así como verificar la pertinencia de su utilidad. Dicha metodología se aplica a dos torres campanario situadas en Ravenna (Italia) permitiendo realizar una serie de ensayos y razonamientos sobre la precisión y la calidad de la textura obtenida en los modelos finales.
El espacio arquitectónico frente al espacio perspectivo. La Iglesia Parroquial de la Inmaculada Concepción en Huelma, obra experimental de Andrés de Vandelvira
Authors: Estepa Rubio Antonio , Estepa Rubio Jesús , León Torres Francisco Javier
Published: July 2021

El espacio arquitectónico, a diferencia del pictórico, además de enfrentarse a las reglas de composición exigidas por la perspectiva, tiene que responder frente a requerimientos técnicos y ejecutivos vinculados con el proceso de puesta en obra.

Son muchos los ejemplos que podemos extraer a partir del estudio de las principales realizaciones sacras del sur peninsular en el XVI; si bien, dentro de las aportaciones de Vandelvira, por su carácter experimental, merece la pena pausarnos sobre la propuesta proyectada por el maestro en la iglesia de Huelma, modificando el rumbo de los trabajos que habían sido iniciados por Domingo de Tolosa y Francisco del Castillo “el viejo”. Así, en este artículo, revisaremos los conceptos geométricos, espaciales, técnicos y constructivos que, desde un posicionamiento abstracto, cabrían ser extraídos de esta obra para, después, comprender mejor la forma de pensar de estos grandes maestros, entre los que ocupa una silla destacada Andrés de Vandelvira.
Joaquín Vaquero y el concurso de carteles de promoción turística de 1929: arquitectura, ciudad y paisaje
Authors: Mendoza Rodríguez Isaac
Published: July 2021

El artículo trata del concurso de carteles para la promoción turística del año 1929, en el que participa el arquitecto Joaquín Vaquero Palacios y otros 50 ilustradores, pintores y publicistas. Se trata de un evento único, sin parangón en el campo de la ilustración en España, y una buena muestra para comparar cómo diversos artistas de aquel momento representaron la arquitectura, la ciudad y el paisaje.
Francisco Íñiguez Almech. Dibujos de un historiador de la Arquitectura.
Authors: Montes Serrano Carlos , González Presencio Mariano
Published: July 2021

Francisco Íñiguez es conocido por el trabajo realizado desde 1933 como arquitecto conservador del Patrimonio Arquitectónico de nuestro país y, muy especialmente, por haber sido el impulsor y artífice de la recuperación y restauración integral del Palacio de la Aljafería de Zaragoza. Pero también por sus dibujos de arquitectura, con los que solía ilustrar, en sus libros y artículos, los edificios objeto de su estudio.