bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D-DNS and 2D-RANS Simulations of Supersonic QUASI-2D Turbulent Reacting Shear Flow
Authors: Kaltayev A. , Belyayev Ye. , Naimanova A.
Published: November 2015

Numerical studies of quasi-2D supersonic turbulent hydrogen-air mixing and combustion in free shear layer configuration are performed using 2D-DNS [1] and RANS equations. In order to produce the roll-up and pairing of vortex rings, an unsteady boundary condition is applied at the inlet plane. Frequencies of
 initial velocity perturbations have been taken in accordance with linear stability theory. The influences of different inflow perturbations on mixing layer structure are presented. At the outflow, the non-reflecting boundary condition is adopted. In the case of RANS simulation two-parameter k-e turbulence model is used. Thermal conduction is described by Fourier’s law, while diffusion of species by Fick’s law. Equation of state for thermally perfect multispecies gas is used. Thermodynamic parameters, such as specific heat, enthalpy, entropy and internal energy are determined by fourth order degree polynomial formula, which has dependence on temperature. Temperature is determined using Newton-Raphson iteration procedure. The Wilke’s formula is used to determine the mixture viscosity coefficient. Approximation of convection terms are performed by the ENO-scheme of third-order accuracy and approximation of diffusion terms – by second-order central-difference operators. For the description of reaction pathways of hydrogen, a seven species chemical reaction model by Jachimowski is adopted. Chemical reaction source term implicitly includes in mass fraction transport equations, where linearization is applied using Taylor decomposition. The hydrogen flow parameters are M0 = 2.0, T0 = 2000 K, P0 = 101325 Pa, and air flow parameters are M¥ = 2.1, T¥ = 2000 K, p¥ = 101325 Pa. Convective Mach number is Mc = 0.38, where effect of compressibility is significant.
Some Effects of Hydrogen Self-Ignition and Combustion in Supersonic Flow
Authors: Zhapbasbayev U. , Zabaykin V. , Makashev Y. , Tursynbay A. , Urmashev B.
Published: November 2015

Results are presented of computational and experimental investigations of the influence of temperature and flow composition on the hydrogen combustion kinetics for a coaxial fuel supersonic flow. Depending on the flow parameters, combustion is shown to occur with an intense heat release governed by the speed of chemical reactions, or a diffusion combustion with heat release governed by mixing. The computational results are in good agreements of with laboratory data and portrays many important features of supersonic combustion. The influence of the gas temperature and composition on the diffusion combustion of a circular hydrogen jet in supersonic coaxial flow at the over expanded exhaust regimes is investigated. It is found that at low flow temperatures (Т2 ~ 900 K) and in the absence of water vapors in the oxidizer gas composition, the speed of chemical reactions is the determining factor for combustion. An increase in the flow temperature (Т2 > 1200 K) causes a reduction of the induction time of the reactive mixture, because the mixing of fuel with oxidizer decreases, and a “sluggish” diffusion combustion of non-mixed gases is observed. The presence of water vapor and active radicals in the gas ensures the self-ignition from the start of the mixing, and the diffusion combustion mode is limited by mixing of the hydrogen jet with the coaxial flow (similar to the case with high initial temperatures of the air stream). In the case of the delay combustion process the maximum pressure level on the wall is 10% more than that in the combustion mode with ignition at the start of mixing. A sluggish combustion regime may lead to an incomplete hydrogen burnout.
Graphene Based Biomedical Composite Coatings Produced by Electrophoretic Deposition on Titanium
Authors: Mišković-Stanković V. , Janković A. , Eraković S. , Yop Rhee K.
Published: November 2015

The biocomposite hydroxyapatite/graphene (HAP/Gr) and silver/hydroxyapatite/graphene (Ag/HAP/Gr) coatings were electrodeposited on titanium substrate using the electrophoretic deposition (EPD) technique to produce bioactive coating with improved mechanical characteristics and corrosion stability in simulated body fluid (SBF). The electrodeposited coatings were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray photoelectron analysis, nanoindentation test and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Both HAP/Gr and Ag/HAP/Gr coatings exhibited reduced surface cracks, better mechanical resistance, enhanced thermal and corrosion stability, as well as bioactivity No antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was verified in the case of HAP/Gr coating, while Ag/HAP/Gr coating exhibited antibacterial activity indicating the high potential for biomedical applications. Both coatings were classified as non-cytotoxic against healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
Oil Spill Cleanup from Sea Water by Porous Sorbents
Authors: Ongarbayev Ye.K. , Belgibayeva А.S. , Kudaybergenov K.K. , Mansurov Z.A.
Published: November 2015

Sorbents were produced on the basis of rice husk, rubber crump and apricot stone by carbonization. They all possessed a high sorption capacity for oil and oil products. With the use of these sorbents an oil overflow was experimentally removed from the surface of the river Syrdarya (Kyzylorda). Results showed that the oil sorption capacities of carbonized rice husk, rubber crumb and apricot stone were 18, 14 and 7 g/g, respectively. The material obtained by carbonization of rice husk has very good buoyancy characteristics, high oil sorption capacity and high hydrophobicity. The effects of contact time, water temperature, amount and type of sorbents on the oil sorption capacity of the carbonized sorbents were further studied on the basis of microstructure and morphology using optical digital microscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results of the SEM and optical microscopy studies strongly indicate that carbonization is a suitable method for improving the porous structure of the sorbents particles compared to the virgin samples. This research provides the basis for the development of a new environmental material with optimal characteristics, providing efficient sorption of oil and oil products from an aqueous medium.
Studying of 2D Titanium Carbide Structure by Raman Spectroscopy after Heat Treatment in Argon and Hydrogen Atmospheres
Authors: Kaipoldayev Olzhas , Mukhametkarimov Ye. , Nemkaeva Renata , Baigarinova G. , Aitzhanov Madi , Muradov Abyl , Guseinov N.
Published: November 2015

Herein we show the effect of heat treatment of two dimensional layered titanium carbide structure (Ti3C2Tx), so called MXene. As prepared MXene has functional groups -OH, -F, -Cl. In order to remove the functional groups we heat treated the MXene in Ar (with 0.01% O2) and H2 (with 0.01% H2O) atmospheres. We discovered the significant decrease in the amount of functional groups (-F and -Cl) and increase in the -O content, which refers to the oxidation of the material. Also we determined the optimal regime for Raman spectroscopy in order to avoid any changes in the structure of the material. We revealed that titanium carbide changes its structure at 700 °C and 900 °C into two different titanium dioxide modifications like rutile and anatase in Ar (with 0.01% O2) atmosphere. Also there are small changes occurred in Ti3C2Tx structure and formation of amorphous carbon after 700 °C treatment in H2 (with 0.01% H2O) atmosphere and formation of TiO2 (rutile) at 900 °C. Energydispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the reduction of functional groups at 700 °C in both atmospheres and total disappearance of –F and –Cl and increasing the oxygen at 900 °C. The huge increase of oxygen by atomic percent, can be explained by the initial oxygen content in argon and hydrogen gases.
Development of the Structure of Road-Construction Materialswith the Use of Drilling Cuttings
Authors: Mendaliyeva D.K. , Kunasheva Z.Kh. , Yakupova J.B.
Published: November 2015

Oil based drilling cuttings after thermal treatment processed at 340 °С were used as mineral powder for creation of composite material. For a compounding of drilling cuttings the road asphalt of the BND 60/90 brand was used. Efficient activity of natural radio nuclides which made 25 ± 5 Bq/kg was identified. Element structure of drilling cuttings was identified with the usage the method of the X-ray phase analysis. Existence of the signal corresponding to the following connections was established: СаСО3 – calcite, NaCl – halite, BaSO4 – barite, CaMg(CO3)2 – dolomite. Content of calcite makes 65% of masses, content of halite – 15% of masses, content of dolomite – 8% of masses, content of barite – 10% of masses. A small amount of оrganite (СаСО3), anhydrite (CaSO4) and quartz (SiO2) was discovered. Formation of series of test samples of composite material with the subsequent research of their physical and chemical and operational properties was done. The most optimum is the asphalt concrete mixture with the content of 7% of drilling cuttings as mineral powder. Physical and chemical characteristics of the made samples indicate compliance to qualifying standards. The received results allow recommending drilling cuttings after thermal treatment as a mineral additive at construction of highways of IV-V technical category. The use of oil based drilling cuttings as a mineral component of road-building coverings does not constitute ecological danger to the environment, thereby, it gives the chance to solve one of the urgent environmental problems of the region, i.e. the effective use of industrial wastes and environment protection.
Agronomical Field Testing of New Kinds of Multicomponent Mineral Fertilizers
Authors: Zhantasov K.T. , Myrhalykov Z.U. , Moldabekov S.M. , Zhantasov M.K. , Omarov B.T. , Nalibayev M.I. , Kadyrbayeva A.A. , Yeskendirova M.M. , Bazhirova K.N. , Turakulov B.B. , Dormeshkin O.B. , Minakovsky A.F. , Suleymenov B.U.
Published: November 2015

Analysis of modern scientific literature and patents has shown the absence of acid-free production technology of a mechanically activated multicomponent mineral fertilizer containing water-holding substances. Experimental researches connecting with mechanochemical activation and physicochemical properties of Karatau phosphorites prove a possibility of development of a new multicomponent mineral fertilizer. Application of inorganic and organic activators considerably improves qualities of fertilizers because the developed fertilizer mixtures contain nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, humate and microelements. The suggested technology intends to use wastes of coal mining that leads to presence of humates and microelements in the end product. It was determined, that content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium depends on a form of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium-containing substances. The given article contains data of researches connecting with use of multicomponent mineral fertilizers in field conditions for cotton cultivation on irrigated light sierozems consisting of soil-forming rocks of loess and loess-type clay loams. The research results show the increase of soil’s fertility and cotton’s productivity. Studying of agronomic efficiency of the new kinds of mechanically activated multicomponent mineral fertilizers at the cultivation of a bean-cereal mixture has been carried out in the Negorelsk experimental nursery-garden of the Belarus State Technical University on a sod-podzol sandy-loam soil and has shown the essential influence on productivity and quality of the bean-cereal mixture. The researches fulfilled on a sod-podzol sandy-loam soil have revealed the essential increase of key indicators of feed productivity. Application of the mineral fertilizers has promoted increase of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in green plants. In so doing content of calcium and magnesium in green mass depends from quantity of the fertilizer used to a smaller extent. An essential difference of crop capacity and feed productivity indicators depending on forms of the applied mineral fertilizers has not been found.
Highly Dispersed Palladium on Carbon Nanofibers for Hydrogenation of Nitrocompounds to Amines
Authors: Eremenko N.K. , Podyacheva O.Yu. , Ismagilov Z.R. , Obraztsova I.I. , Eremenko A.N. , Kibis L.S. , Svintsitskiy D.A.
Published: November 2015

The effect of palladium dispersion and nature of the support on catalytic performance in hydrogenation of nitrobenzene to aniline was studied. It was shown that the type of the support and modification of palladium with phosphorus make it possible to stabilize highly dispersed (1.5-2 nm) palladium particles in the metallic state, thus increasing the efficiency of new catalysts.
New Gas-Phase Catalytic Oxidative Processes for Desulfurization of Diesel Fuel
Authors: Ismagilov Z.R. , Kerzhentsev M.A. , Yashnik S.A. , Khairulin S.R. , Salnikov A.V. , Parmon V.N. , Bourane A. , Koseoglu O.R.
Published: November 2015

An effective gas-phase oxidative desulfurization (ODS) process was proposed. The process was studied in a laboratory reactor with a proprietary catalyst at 300-400 ºС and ambient pressure with model fuels represented by thiophene, dibenzothiophene (DBT) and 4,6-dimethyldibenzothiophene (DMDBT) dissolved in octane, isooctane or toluene. The reactivity of different sulfur containing molecules in ODS was shown to increase in the sequence: thiophene < DBT < DMDBT. The main sulfur containing product of oxidation of these compounds was SO2. During the gas-phase ODS both processes of sulfur species oxidation and processes of their adsorption were observed and studied. Based on the conducted studies, different ODS process designs comprising its integration with adsorption and regeneration processes and with conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) process were proposed. One scheme is based on alternating regimes of ODS and catalyst regeneration in two reactors: sulfur is removed from organic feedstock by oxidation and adsorption in one reactor while simultaneous regeneration of the catalyst that has accumulated sulfur  compounds takes place in another reactor. Two other schemes are based on joint use of ODS and HDS. The conventional HDS process is most effective for removal of low-boiling sulfur containing compounds reactive with respect to hydrogen, while removal of refractory sulfur compounds, such as DMDBT is more easily achieved by gas phase ODS. Thus the combination of these processes is expected to be most efficient for deep desulfurization of diesel fuel.
Investigation of the Sorption Properties of Ore Materials for the Removal of Sulfur Dioxide from Exhaust Flue Gases of Power Plants
Authors: Shikina N.V. , Khairulin S.R. , Rudina N.A. , Teryaeva T.N. , Mikhaylova E.S. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: November 2015

The prospects of using a natural material – ferromanganese nodules (FMN) from
the Gulf of Finland – as the SO2 adsorbent are discussed. The starting material was
studied as pellets and powder using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, XRD, BET,
and mechanical strength analysis; dependences of physicochemical parameters of
the material on heat treatment at 100-1000 ºC were found. FMN samples were tested in the process of SO2 sorption. The sorptive capacity of FMN samples for SO2 was found to increase with humidity of adsorbents; FMN samples with a humidity above 40% were shown to be promising for the removal of sulfur dioxide from gases.
Structural Study and Upgrading of Kazakhstan Oil Sands
Authors: Tileuberdi Ye. , Mansurov Z.A. , Ongarbayev Ye.K. , Tuleutaev B.K.
Published: November 2015

In the paper separation methods of organic part from oil sands were investigated at experimentally. For the determination of organic part (liquid fraction) of oil sands the extraction methods was used in Soxhlet apparatus by solvent. Thermal processing was carried out with a monotonic heating of oil sands from room temperature to 500 ºC. As showing results, organic part of Beke and Munayli-Mola oil sands studied by extraction method were 12.0 wt.% and 16 wt.%. Thermal processing results showed, that the organic part of Beke and Munayli-Mola oil sands were 9.6 wt.% and 13.5 wt.%. Physical and chemical characteristics of liquid fraction are established by standard methods.
Synthesis of Nucleosides`s Analogues and their Application as Chemotherapeutic Agents
Authors: Kalinichenko Е.N.
Published: November 2015

Application of the chemical-enzyme approach which is a combination of chemical synthesis and enzyme reaction has allowed to develop original effective methods of synthesis both new compounds and known nucleoside antibiotics which have been inaccessible earlier. Among them preparations for the treatment of oncohaematological diseases like: Cytarabin, Leukladin (Cladribine), Fludarabel, ara-adenosine (Vidarabine), ara-guanosine and produced from the last by chemical method a new medicine for the treatment of T-cellular lymphomas – Nelarabine. Results on the comparative study of antileukemic activity of purine nucleosides using the model of the lymphoid leukemia L1210 are presented. It is shown that the model of mouse lymphoid leukemia L1210 in vivo is not useful for results extrapolation for human if specific activity of modified nucleoside shows itself in therapy of hair-cellular leucosis (HCL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and especially for T-cellular leucosis. From commercially available derivative of 2'-fluoro-arabinofuranose developed an original method for the synthesis of antitumor drug Clofarabine for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) in pediatric patients. Highly effective technology producing pharmaceutical substance Pemetrexed has been developed. At present new chemical-therapeutic agent Pemetrexed, which is structural analog of folic acid containing 7-deasaguanine is introduced into clinic practice. It is first agent specially developed for treatment of malignant pleural mesothelioma. It is worth to note that possibilities of the Pemetrexed’s usage for treatment of other tumor diseases are not exhausted still. It is interesting to develop new method of synthesis of modified pyrimidine nucleoside Azacytidine possesses both cytostatic action and ability to inhibit DNA methyltransferases.
Heteroatom-Containing Natural Sesquiterpene Lactones and Methods for their Obtaining
Authors: Adekenov S.M. , Atazhanova G.A.
Published: November 2015

This review shows the data about isolated heteroatom-containing sesquiterpene lactones from various genera of Asteraceae family, natural occurence, isolation methods and their biological activity. Chlorinecontaining sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from genera of Artemisia L., Achillea L., Acroptilon Cass, Centaurea L., Chartolepis Cass, Eupatorium L., Jurinea Cass, Rhaponticum Adams, Saussurea DC. The greatest quantity of chlorine-containing sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from Centaurea genus. 25 new sesquiterpene lactones with chlorine atom in molecule were isolated and characterized. The sesquiterpene lactones, which in their structure contained a sulphur atom as a component of various alkoxyl-, thiohydroxygroups and acid residues, were isolated from genera of Eupatorium L., Petasites Mill, Helenium L., Acritopappus R.M. King and H. Rob., Arctium L., Saussurea DC. Nitrogen atom in the structure of natural sesquiterpene lactones is present in the form of amino groups as a part of ester groups as well as amino acids as Michael adducts. Nitrogen-containing sesquiterpene lactones were isolated from Acanthospermum Schrank, Saussurea DC. Isolated heteroatom-containing sesquiterpene lactones possess bactericidal, antifungal, cytotoxic, antiviral, virucidal, antiulcer and others activities. Another method for obtaining heteroatom-containing sesquiterpene lactones is a directed synthesis of chlorine-, fluorine-, bromine-, sulphur- and nitrogen-containing sesquiterpene lactones. On the basis of sesquiterpene lactone artemisinin known as an effective antimalarial preparation, we synthesized over 200 derivatives, among which fluorine-, chlorine-, bromine-, nitrogen-, sulphur- and azide-containing derivatives of artemisinin were obtained.
Calculation of Vibrational Spectra and Thermodynamic Functions of a Natural Zinc Silicate – Willemite
Authors: Bekturganov N.S. , Bissengaliyeva M.R. , Gogol D.B.
Published: November 2015

A zinc silicate is in a great demand in modern technology due to its fluorescent, optical and catalytic properties. However, its thermodynamic properties have been studied not sufficiently, and they are focused primarily in the geological and geochemical sciences. An attempt to calculate for a natural zinc silicate willemite (Zn2SiO4) its crystal structure, vibrational properties, phonon states and thermodynamic functions was made in this work. The force constants and vibrational states of the mineral have been calculated in this paper by a combination of the methods of quantum-chemical calculations (MOPAC) with semi-empirical method PM5 and the theory of crystal lattice dynamics (LADY program) with valence force field potential model. Theoretical infrared and Raman spectra of the mineral were simulated on the base of calculated vibrational states. A good agreement between the experimental and theoretical vibrational spectra of the mineral has been achieved. After that the Brillouin zone scanning of the mineral crystal structure was made which is necessary to obtain the information about the whole phonon spectrum in the lattice. Density-of-state function was determined by summation over all the phonon states and used for determination of energetics of the crystal. The values of the basic thermodynamic functions for willemite (heat capacity, entropy and change of enthalpy) over the range of (10-298.15) K have been obtained. The standard values of these functions are: Cp(298.15) = 126 J/(mol•K) (PM5 calculation) and 122.5 J/(mol•K) (LADY calculation), S°(298.15) = 133.4 J/(mol•K) (LADY calculation), and H°(298.15)–H°(0) = 21494 J/mol (PM5 calculation). The calculated heat capacity values are in satisfactory agreement with known experimental data.
Composite Biosorbents of Metal Ions Based on Yeast Cells and Diatomite
Authors: Korzhynbayeva K.B. , Tazhibayeva S.M. , Musabekov K.B. , Dekany I. , Burkitbaev M.M. , Zhubanova A.A. , Orazymbetova A.B.
Published: November 2015

The possibility of removing Cu2+ and Pb2+ ions from solutions by the yeast cells Rhodotorula glutinis and diatomite (natural mineral) was studied. It is shown that at the concentration of CuSO4 and Pb(NO3)2 10-3 mol/l the removal of metal ions by yeast cells was 59.1 and 72.4% for the ions of Cu2+ and Pb2+. The yeast cells surface includes amino, hydroxyl, phosphate and carboxyl groups which activates sorption ability, because these groups can bind metal ions by ion exchange, donor acceptor and electrostatic interactions. The removal degree of metal ions by diatomite under the same conditions was for Cu2+ 91.6% and for Pb2+ 94.7%. To increase the removal degree of metal ions from solutions, the yeast cells were immobilized on the surface of diatomite. In order to attach the negatively charged cells of microorganisms with negatively charged surface of the mineral, the surface of diatomite was modified by polyethylenimine (PEI). As a result, the immobilization degree of Rhodotorula glutinis to the surface of diatomite at the concentration of PEI 0.02 base-mol/l increased from 62 to 88%, which is explained by the existence of electrostatic contacts between the negatively charged functional groups of the cell surface and amino groups of PEI, that has covered the surface of diatomite by PEI. It is shown that the obtained composite biosorbent removes 97.8% of Cu2+ ions and 99.4% of Pb2+ ions.
Partial Oxidation of Light Alkanes as a Base of New Generation of Gas Chemical Processes
Authors: Arutyunov V.S. , Strekova L.N. , Nikitin A.V.
Published: November 2015

Recent developments in unconventional natural gas production increase the need for principally new small-scale technologies for gas processing and transportation. The promising way for small-scale gas processing is its autothermal partial oxidation to syngas or direct partial oxidation to chemicals. The paper considers some prospective gas chemical processes based on the partial oxidation of light alkanes. Among them are the conversion of natural gas to syngas in volumetric (3D) matrix burners made of a gas permeable material and direct conversion of methane to methanol without its preliminary conversion to syngas (DMTM). As a more simple technology that lets to use fat associated oil gas often flaring in remote sites, it can be suggested the selective oxidative cracking of heavier components of natural gas. This process converts heavy methane homologues from propane to pentane and heavier into ethylene, methane, ethane, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide, thus increasing methane index (octane number) of gas and making it suitable for feeding modern gas piston and gas turbine power engines. One more interesting prospect is the creation of technologies making use of the subsequent processing of valuable oxycracking products, such as olefins, CO, and hydrogen, for example, by their catalytic co-polymerization without preliminary separation from gas phase. The co-polymerization of CO and ethylene, followed by the separation of resulting liquid products, can considerably improve the economic attractiveness of the oxycracing process. Thus, despite the absence of economically proved and industrial-scale tested smallcapacity direct and indirect gas chemical technologies, intensive efforts to develop such alternative technologies let to expect near bright future for them.
Burning Oil Layer on the Surface of Water
Authors: Mansurov Z.A. , Lesbaev B.T. , Prikhodko N.G. , Kazakov Yu.V. , Ualiyev Zh.
Published: November 2015

The results of investigations on combustion of Karazhanbas and Tengiz oil on the surface of water are presented. The minimum thickness of oil layer allowing to initiate and support the process of combustion is stated to be lie in the range of 3–5 mm. For ignition and maintenance of stable combustion of oil on water surface, a synthetic sorbent is proposed. It is found that, the synthetic sorbent accelerates the combustion process of oil on water surface threefold in comparison with the combustion process of oil without a sorbent. It is shown that the remaining mass of oil on water surface after combustion process termination, presents a bituminous substance having a good coalescence and high adhesion that allows to collect it with high efficiency by a mechanical method. The process of ignition and combustion of oil on the water surface is significantly affected by contained in it combustible volatiles. In this paper, on the example of oil from Tengiz field, the regularities of the influence of temperature and salinity on evaporation of light fractions and the burnout process are revealed. It is determined that the degree of water salinity does not affect the process of evaporation of light fractions of oil, this process is significantly affected by temperature water. The research has shown that the important factors that influence the degree of burning of the oil layer on the surface of water is the degree of salinity and the initial temperature of water, while these relationships are complex. Revealed that the salt water burning process more profitable to produce oil at water temperatures above 20 °C. The developed model in has been supplemented with a coefficient of thermal conductivity as a function depending on temperature. Numerical results more accurately predict the experimental observations. The reason is that thermal diffusivity is determined more precisely.
Kinetics and Thermodynamics of the Adsorption of Lead (II) on a Activated Carbon from Coconut Shells
Authors: Largitte L. , Lodewyckx P.
Published: November 2015

The effect of temperature on the adsorption of lead by an activated carbon from coconut shells is investigated. The pseudo second order equation is applied to the kinetic data obtained at different temperatures in order to determine the adsorption rate constants at these temperatures. Then, the Arrhenius equation is applied to the rate constants to determine the activation energy of the sorption reaction and the pre-exponential factor. By applying the Eyring equation to the rate constants, the standard thermodynamic activation parameters of the sorption reaction can also be calculated. In addition, the isotherms of lead adsorption on the activated carbon from coconut shells, at different temperatures, are determined and fitted by the Langmuir equation. The Van’t Hoff equation is applied to the Langmuir equilibrium constants in order to determine the standard enthalpy of the sorption reaction. The other standard thermodynamic parameters
(Gibbs standard enthalpy and standard entropy) are deduced. The isosteric standard sorption enthalpy is also determined by using both the classical approach and an adapted Clausius Clapeyron equation. The results are identical. The value obtained is higher, but more correct than that of Langmuir. On the basis of these
thermokinetic parameters, the activated carbon from Coconut shells can be considered as a very efficient carbon for the sorption of lead and its sorption efficiency (rate and quantity) increase with the temperature.
Determination of 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene in Wastes and Sewage Water from Mining Industry by Chromato-Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Zhuravlyova N.V. , Potokina R.R. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: November 2015

A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in  geoenvironmental subjects by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection was proposed. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in wastes and sewage water samples from mining plants was studied. The presence of this compound in surface water was established. Other nitrogen-containing compounds, in particular, 2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and
2,4,-dinitrotoluene, were also identified in the studied samples.
The 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) is the most important shattering explosive used for blasting out. This compound is highly toxic and stable to biodegradation. The TNT belongs to the second hazard class (highly hazardous); its maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in drinking water sources was strongly restricted, from 0.5 to 0.01 mg/L. A method for determination of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in surface water, sewage water and wastes by gas chromatography with mass-spectrometric detection has been developed. The TNT calibration curve was shown to be linear over the concentration range of 1.6-160 μg/mL, and the correlation factor of the line was equal to 0.997. The distribution of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene in sewage water and wastes from mining plants has been studied. Mine water in the case of underground mining has high TNT concentrations, which cannot be decreased by the existing traditional methods of sewage water treatment. TNT is detected also in surface water after mine water disposal. Note that the TNT concentrations can exceed many times the maximum permissible concentrations prescribed for water works system.
2-amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene and 2,4,-dinitrotoluene, which can be considered as products of TNT metabolism, were also identified in the studied samples. The developed method and results of the present study make it possible to introduce the quantitative
determination of TNT and its metabolites into the programs for monitoring of surface water, sewage water and wastes in the mining plant sites in different countries as well in Russia, namely in Kuzbass.
Sorption of Perrhenate Ions by a New Anion Exchanger Based on an Oligomer of Epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine
Authors: Pidakhmet А. , Ergozhin E.E. , Chalov T.K. , Nikitina A.I.
Published: November 2015

In this study, oligomer epichlorohydrine (OECH) was crosslinked with 4-vinylpyridin (VP) present initiator of peroxide benzoyl (BP). The resulting anionite (OECH-VP) was characterized by scanning
 electron microscopy (SEM) and tested for perrhenate ions  sorption. The new macropore anion exchange resin was  synthesized by polycondensation of epichlorohydrin oligomer and 4-vinylpyridine, the static exchange capacity (SEC) of which is equal to 6.75 mg-equiv∙g-1 in 0.1 M HCI solution and the sorption of perrhenate ions was studied. The influence of the concentration and pH of the model ammonium perrhenate solutions, contact time on the sorption activity of new anion exchangers (ECHO-VP) to perrhenate ions were studied. When studying the concentration effect of NH4ReO4 on the sorption of perrhenate ions by anionite ECHO-VP, the recovery degree at the content of 0.1-0.7 g/L of rhenium remained virtually unchanged and varied between 91- and 92%. When increasing the concentration of rhenium up to 1.02 g/L, the recovery degree (A) is reduced to 86%. The time to reach the equilibrium between the anion exchanger ECHO-VP and the solution of NH4ReO4, containing 0.94 g/L of rhenium and having a pH of 5.1 is 6 hours. Thus in the first 15 minutes 81% perrhenate ions are recovered. Structure of the surface anionite before and after sorption of rhenium ions were studied by electronic  microscopy method. The results revealed that the anionite ECHO-VP has a folded surface with a developed system of macropores and the size of macropores was found to vary between 0.70-1.76 mc, and individual pores reach 2.59 mc. It was established that ion exchanger based on oligomers of  epichlorohydrin and 4-vinylpyridine have better sorption properties for rhenium (VII) ions that a wide range of commercial sorbents. It was found that the sorption capacity and the extent of new anion extracting the perrhenate ions and reach their maximum values are respectively 371.6 mg∙Re/g and 99% at pH 5.1.
Synthesis of Clay Composites of Polyacrylamide and Poly-2-Hydroxyethylacrylate and Sorbtion Ability in the Case of Cetylpyridinium Bromide
Authors: Beysebekov M M
Published: November 2015

By the three-dimensional polymerization of nonionic (polyhydroxyethylacrylate and polyacrylamide)
polymers and bentonite clay from Manyrak deposit (East Kazakhstan Region) and with using of process
preliminary intercalation of monomers in an aqueous suspension of bentonite (polymerization in situ) the
chemically crosslinked composite gels were synthesized. Optimal conditions of synthesis and physical-chemical properties of composition gels were established. It was shown, that yield of gel fraction increases
with increasing contents of bentonite clay. Insignificant adding of negative charged particles of bentonite clay
gives to polymer gels of nonionic type polyelectrolyte character, that comes out in decreasing of swelling
degree of gels under effect of ionic strength. By using physical and chemical methods of research: equilibrium
swelling, IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope (SEM), sorption-desorption, etc. were shown the
formation of compatible, homogeneous, swelling in water polyelectrolyte gels formed via hydrogen bonds
between the components of the gel, stabilized by hydrophobic interactions of the organic polymer chains.
The possibility of the regulation of swelling ability of the composite gels through varying of the outside and
inside factors as: consist of the composition, conditions of intercalation, pH of the environment, temperature
and ionic strength was established, that is stimulus sensitivity of gels. The sorbtion capacity of polymer-clay composites in attitude surface active substance cetylpyridinium bromide were estimated. Increasing of
temperature of environment and content of bentonite clay in composite promotes the process of sorbtion
of surface-active substances. Considerably high sorption capacity of polymer clay composition based on
more hydrophilic polymer – polyacrylamide was established. By the results of investigations one may, that
synthesized polymer clay composites after suitable investigations can be recommend as sorbents of cationic
surface active substances.
Carbon Dioxide Conversion of Methane into Synthesis-Gas on Glass Cloth Catalysts
Authors: Aldashukurova G. , Mironenko A.V. , Mansurov Z.A. , Rudina N.A. , Itshenko A.V. , Ushakov V.A. , Ismagilov Z.R.
Published: November 2015

The catalytic activity of nanostructurized low per cent (1%) Co-Ni catalysts on the basis of glass cloth, obtained by “solution combustion” (SC) method, in the reaction of carbon dioxide of methane was studied. The physico - chemical characteristics of the obtained species were studied by the methods of X-ray phase analysis, SEM, TEM, TGA. It is found that SC method allows to obtain an active component on the surface of glass cloth in the form of nanopaticles. A high activity of the catalyst, the active component of which is cobalt, is revealed; the decrease in Co concentration in the matrix of glass cloth results in the decrease of activity in the reaction of carbon dioxide conversion of methane.
Nanoporous Silica Polyamine Composites for Metal Ion Capture From Rice Hull Ash
Authors: Berlin Matt , Allen Jesse , Kailasam Varadharajan , Rosenberg David , Rosenberg Edward
Published: November 2015

Rice Hull Ash (RHA) was converted to amorphous silica gel using a modified version of published literature procedures. The gels were characterized by a comparison of their CPMAS [29] Si NMR and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) images with commercial silica gels. The resulting gels were silanized with a 7.5:1 mixture of methyltrichlorosilane and chloropropyltrichlorosilane and then reacted with poly(allylamine) (PAA) to produce the silica polyamine composite (SPC) BP-1. The BP-1 was then further modified with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde to form the copper selective SPC, CuSELECT. This procedure follows that used to produce the commercialized version of these composite materials from commercially available amorphous silica gels. The composites were characterized by solid state NMR techniques, elemental analysis, SEM, porosimetry, and metal ion capacity and selectivity. The overall goal of the project was to determine the feasibility of using RHA to make SPC. The observed strengths and weaknesses of this approach are discussed.
Feasibility of an In-Situ Microbial Decontamination of an Ice-Melting Probe
Authors: Leimena W. , Artmann G.M. , Dachwald B. , Artmann A. , Goßmann M. , Digel I.
Published: November 2015

Autonomous robotic systems for penetrating thick ice shells with simultaneous collecting of scientific data are very promising devices in both terrestrial (glacier, climate research) and extra-terrestrial applications. Technical challenges in development of such systems are numerous and include 3D-navigation, an appropriate energy source, motion control, etc. Not less important is the problem of forward contamination of the pristine glacial environments with microorganisms and biomolecules from the surface of the probe. This study was devoted to establishing a laboratory model for microbial contamination of a newly-constructed ice-melting probe called IceMole and to analyse the viability and amount of the contaminating microorganisms as a function of distance. The used bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6051) and Escherichia coli (ATCC 11775). The main objective was development of an efficient and reliable in-situ decontamination method of the melting probe. Therefore, several chemical substances were tested in respect of their efficacy to eliminate bacteria on the surface of the melting probe at low temperature (0 - 5°C) and at continuous dilution by melted water. Our study has shown that at least 99.9% decontamination of the IceMole can be successfully achieved by the injection of 30% (v/v) hydrogen peroxide and 3% (v/v) sodium hypochlorite into the drilling site. We were able to reproduce this result in both time-dependent and depth-dependent experiments. The sufficient amount of 30% (v/v) H2O2 or 3% (v/v) NaClO has been found to be approximately 18 μL per cm² of the probe’s surface.
Thermodynamic Modeling of ZnO Chlorination by Chlorohydrocarbons by Using «Astra» Software
Authors: Shevko V.M. , Badirova N.B.
Published: November 2015

The disposal and recycling of chlorohydrocarbons waste from organic synthesis which is annually produced at least 1,5 million tons is one of the global problems and is under the great UN's attention. Organochlorine residues are xenobiotics and adversely affect the environment.  Thermodynamic modeling of interactions in the systems ZnO-CHxCly (x + y= 4)-O2 for determination of the theoretical content of chlorohydrocarbons as chlorinating agents for extracting nonferrous metals from very concentrated ore is presented in this article. The studies were conducted using the "Astra" software based on the principle of maximum entropy. Infobase of the "Astra" complex contains information on 5547 compounds, 79 items codified in the National Bureau of Standards and the Joint Institute for High Temperatures, Russian Academy of Sciences.
A Review and Comparative Analysis of Security Risks and Safety Measures of Mobile Health Apps
Authors: Scott Karen , Richards Deborah , Adhikari Rajindra
Published: November 2015

In line with a patient-centred model of healthcare, Mobile Health applications (mhealth apps) provide convenient and equitable access to health and well-being resources and programs that can enable consumers to monitor their health related problems, understand specific medical conditions and attain personal fitness goals. This increase in access and control comes with an increase in risk and responsibility to identify and manage the associated risks, such as the privacy and security of consumers’ personal and health information. Based on a review of the literature, this paper identifies a set of risk and safety features for evaluating mHealth apps and uses those features to conduct a comparative analysis of the 20 most popular mHealth apps. The comparative analysis reveals that current mHealth apps do pose a risk to consumers. To address the safety and privacy concerns, recommendations to consumers and app developers are offered together with consideration of mHealth app future trends.
Appreciating, Measuring and Incentivising Discipline Diversity: Meaningful Indicators of Collaboration in Research
Authors: Hasan Helen , Dawson Linda
Published: November 2015

Inter-disciplinary collaborative research is generally believed to lead to innovative outcomes in areas that may be missed in research studies based in a single discipline. However, currently available research performance indicators, based on scholarly peer-reviewed publications and citations from a single discipline, do little to recognise the merits of collaborative and inter-disciplinary research. This paper presents an empirical study of members of a research unit and their publication and grant profiles. From analysis of this data a set of profile categories emerged together with the relevant indicators which provide a framework from which a deeper understanding of how different research behaviours contribute to the differences in researchers’ individual profiles. These profiles could be used to provide a richer environment for the evaluation of research performance, both in terms of outputs and potential funding opportunities, and indicators of ‘good research’ in inter-disciplinary projects.
IT Alignment in SMEs: Should it be with Strategy or Process?
Authors: Cataldo Alejandro , McQueen Robert
Published: November 2015

For many years researchers have been concerned about the alignment of Information Technology (IT) in businesses. Most of the published research has been focused on understanding the alignment of IT with strategy, but a more recent view is that IT alignment with processes would be better, especially for SMEs. This research presents the two different approaches to measuring IT alignment, then uses the case of a small dental clinic to contribute to understanding these two alternative approaches. The results showed that both strategic alignment and process alignment were important, but strategic guidelines set the framework for the use of IT in the processes. These results contradict the claims of researchers who defend the process approach. This work has implications for practitioners because it again highlights the importance of IT in a strategic context in SMEs. This research also contributes to the theory of IT alignment in SMEs, and we hope this will encourage other researchers to study which approach is best suited for this type of business.
Mind the gaps: increasing the impact of IS research on ISD performance improvement
Authors: O Riordan Niamh , Lohan Garry , Conboy Kieran
Published: November 2015

Poor performance has pervaded the last forty years of software development, evident across industry sectors, project size, budget, geographic location, system quality and functionality, and exacerbated by increased criticality of IT in organizational mission and strategy. A significant body of research has investigated the potential of emerging development methodologies to address these shortcomings but the effectiveness of these methods is largely supported by anecdotal evidence. At the same time, metrics and measurement are known to affect ISD performance but the existing literature on ISD metrics is misaligned with practitioners’ needs, leading to a lack of clarity about ISD metrics in practice. This paper presents an interdisciplinary literature review on ISD metrics to identify the underlying reasons for this misalignment and evaluate the extent to which existing literature can be used to better understand the impact of emerging software development methodologies on ISD performance.
Editorial for the ACIS Selected Papers Section
Authors: Lamp John W
Published: November 2015

AN introduction to the ACIS Selected Papers Section
Radiation Recall Pneumonitis During Systemic Treatment With Everolimus
Authors: Clark Douglas , Gauchan Dron , Ramaekers Ryan , Norvell Max , Copur Mehmet Sitki
Published: November 2015

Radiation recall syndrome is an acute inflammatory reaction developing at anatomical sites of previously irradiated tissue, weeks to months after the completion of radiation therapy. The distribution pattern of inflammation typically involves, and remains limited to, the boundaries
of prior radiation treatment fields. Several classical chemotherapy drugs have been reported to have the potential for causing radiation recall syndrome. With the increasing availability and expanding use of novel biologic and targeted therapy anticancer drugs, isolated reports of radiation
recall syndrome secondary to this class of agents are starting to appear in the literature. We describe a case of everolimus-induced radiation recall pneumonitis in a patient with metastatic renal cell cancer.