bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANALISIS KESULITAN BELAJAR MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR KOTA BALIKPAPAN PADA MATERI SATUAN WAKTU TAHUN AJARAN 2015/2016
Authors: Waskitoningtyas Rahayu Sri
Published: July 2017

This study is meant to describe: a) The difficulty faced by fifth grader of Balikpapan City in learning mathematics especially in learning about “Time Unit”. b). the reasons behind those difficulty faced by the students of fifth grade of Balikpapan City in learning “Time Unit”. the type and approache of the research are descriptive with qualitative approach. The data collection method used in this research are documentation, test, observation and Questionnaire. Based on the final analysis data,  the researcher found that the difficulty percentage faced by the students in factual is 14,4%, the difficulty face in conceptual is 56,9%, the difficulty in skills is 42,2% and the difficulty faced by the students in principal is 76,7%. The causes of those difficulty in learning comes from inside and outside of students themselves. It is hoped that teacher can drill students in mastering the concept, skills and principal of “Time Unit” in the hope to reduce the students’ difficulty in mastering the Time Unit material.
PERBEDAAN PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN COOPERATIVE SCRIPT BERBANTUAN PETA PIKIRAN DENGAN DIRECT INSTRUCTION TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA POKOK BAHASAN PROGRAM LINEAR
Authors: Rohman Nur
Published: July 2017

The objectives of this research are to investigate whether there is difference of influence student learning result after application of cooperative script learning model assisted mind map with direct instruction learning model on the subject of Program Linear class X of SMA Plus Al-Amanah Balongsumber Dander Bojonegoro in the academic year of 2014/2015. This study is a quasi-experimental study using a study design of post-test - only control design. The sampling technique using cluster random sampling technique. The sample in this research is class X-B as an experimental class and class X-C  as the control class. Data mathematics learning result obtained using the technique of tests, and the tests used in the form of an objective test. Data were analyzed by an independent comparative statistical t-test. Based on the research results, it was concluded that: there is a significant difference between students' mathematics learning result that learned through the cooperative scriptlearning model assisted mind map with the students that learned through direct instruction learning. This suggests there are differences in the effect of the cooperative script learning model assisted mind map with direct learning model mathematics instruction on learning result of students on the subject of Program Linear second semester of class X SMA Plus Al-Amanah Bojonegoro.
KAJIAN SIFAT OPTIK FILM TIPIS BST DIDADAH NIOBIUM DAN TANTALUM
Authors: Huriawati Farida , Irzaman Irzaman
Published: July 2017

In this research thin films of Barium Strontium Titanate (BST) has been synthesis with different compositions Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 and Ba0,25Sr0,75TiO3 which doped by Nb2O5 (Niobium) and Ta2O5 (Tantalum) on Si (100) type-p substrate. Thin films were produced by chemical solution deposition technique (CSD) and spin coating technique with annealing temperature at 850oC, 900oC dan 950oC. Rotation velocity at 3000 rpm and time of rotation is 30 seconds. Characterization of Films is optic Characterization (absorbance ana reflectance). From the Characterizations were obtained BNST thin film with 5% doping and anneling temperature at 8500C as photodiode light sensor which applied in electronic circuit. 
Pengembangan Perangkat Pembelajaran Fisika Bermuatan Integrasi Islam-Sains Untuk Menanamkan Nilai-Nilai Spiritual Siswa Madrasah Aliyah
Authors: Winarti Winarti
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran fisika bermuatan Islam Sains untuk menanamkan nilai spiritual peserta didik MA. Jenis penelitian ini adalah research and development dengan model 4-D. Analisis kelayakan perangkat pembelajaran fisika dilakukan oleh ahli materi, ahli integrasi interkoneksi, ahli pembelajaran, dan guru fisika MA menggunakan skala likert. Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran yang telah dikembangkan dinilai sangat baik dan layak untuk digunakan sebagai bahan ajar dalam pembelajaran suhu dan kalor.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AJAR MATA KULIAH MEKANIKA BERDASARKAN ANALISIS KOMPETENSI
Authors: Murniati Murniati , Muslim Muhammad
Published: July 2017

Tugas utama tenaga pengajar di perguruan tinggi adalah melakukan pembelajaran, penelitian, dan pengabdian kepada masyarakat sesuai Tri Darma Perguruan Tinggi. Pembelajaran dan penelitian memiliki kaitan yang erat dan saling menunjang. Tenaga pengajar yang berkualitas selalu berkeinginan untuk memperbaiki kualitas pembelajaran yang dilakukan secara terusmenerus. Perbaikan dalam pembelajaran menjadi tanggung jawab dosen dan usaha dalam memperbaikinya dapat dilakukan melalui penelitian dan hasilnya dapat dipertanggung jawabkan secara ilmiah. Penguasaan ilmu dapat diperoleh dengan bantuan bahan ajar sebagai sumber belajar yang sampai saat ini memiliki peranan penting untuk menunjang proses pembelajaran. Bahan ajar sebaiknya mampu memenuhi syarat sebagai bahan pembelajaran, karena bahan ajar memiliki fungsi strategis bagi proses belajar mengajar, ia dapat membantu dosen dan mahasiswa dalam kegiatan pembelajaran, sehingga dosen tidak terlalu banyak

menyajikan materi tetapi lebih banyak membimbing atau sebagai fasilitator. Disamping itu
bahan ajar dapat menggantikan sebagian peran dosen dan mendukung pembelajaran
individual. Dampak positifnya bagi mahasiswa, dapat mengurangi ketergantungan pada
dosen dan membiasakan belajar mandiri sesuai tingkat pendidikannya, hal ini juga
mendukung prinsip belajar sepanjang hayat (long life education).
PENGEMBANGANMULTIMEDIA WITH CONCEPT MAPS (MMCMaps) MATA PELAJARAN FISIKA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SMA
Authors: Suseno Heru
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian dan pengembangan adalah untuk mengembangkan, menguji kelayakan, dan menguji keefektifan bahan ajar MMCMaps terhadap prestasi belajar.Penelitian dan pengembangan dilakukan dengan prosedur R & D model Borg dan Gall yang disederhanakan menjadi tiga tahapan, yaitu tahap studi pendahuluan, pengembangan dan pengujian. Hasil validasi ahli materi dan media
menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar MMCMaps sangat layak dari aspek materi dan media.Hasil uji coba pengguna guru dan siswa menunjukkan bahwa bahan ajar MMCMaps sangat layak dari aspek kemudahan, kemenarikan, dan kemanfaatannya. Penggunaan bahan ajarMMCMaps pada kelas eksperimen lebih efektif dibandingkan penggunaan bahan ajar cetak pada kelas control.
PENGGUNAAN MODUL ILUSTRATIF BERBASIS INKUIRI TERBIMBING POKOK BAHASAN KINEMATIKA GERAK LURUS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR DAN KEMANDIRIAN SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 14 MADIUN
Authors: Yusro Andista Candra , Sasono Mislan
Published: July 2017

Penerapan modul dalam pembelajaran IPA pada siswa kelas VII SMPN 14 Madiun pada pokok bahasan kinematika gerak lurus dengan menggunakan modul ilustratif berbasais inkuiri terbimbing. Pembelajaran dilaksanakan dalam 3 siklus pembelajaran.  Penggunaan modul ilutratif berbasis inkuiri terbimbing dalam memberlajarkan materi kinematika gerak lurus pada siswa SMP efektif dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar dan kemandirian siswa. Peningkatan hasil belajar tercermin dari rata-rata ketuntasan hasil belajar siswa secara klasikal saat mengikuti pembelajaran pada siklus I 60%, siklus II 80% dan siklus III 96%. Kemandirian siswa tercermin dari antusiasme siswa dalam megikuti pembelajaran dengan menggunakan modul ilustrtatif hal ini berdasarkan pengamatan dan hasil wawancara dilakukan kepada siswa. Seluruh isian aktifitas siswa maupun latihan-latihan yang ada dalam modul baik itu merupakan tugas individu maupun tugas kelompok mampu diselesaikan dengan baik oleh siswa.

 
Agrogeofisika Metode Self Potential Guna Evaluasi Lahan Perkebunan Tebu
Authors: Hiskiawan Puguh
Published: July 2017

Agrigeofisika adalah cabang geofisika yang berhubungan dengan ilmu pertanian . Geofisika adalah ilmu yang mempelajari penerapan prinsip-prinsip fisika untuk mempelajari bawah permukaan bumi , baik dalam dangkal skala ( dari kerak ke mantel ) atau skala (hingga inti bumi ) . Potensi diri adalah potensial listrik alami yang ada di bumi yang timbul dari berbagai sumber . Tanah merupakan sumber daya alam dengan alam tetap , menjadi kebutuhan manusia akan lahan terus meningkat . Dalam kegiatan ini akan dilakukan studi literatur tentang karakteristik perkebunan tebu , juga melakukan studi tentang agrigeofisika . perkebunan Asessmen yang telah dipelajari memiliki potensi untuk melakukan pemnafaatn saluran waduk . Kegunaan penelitian ini atau lokasi ini untuk potensi penyimpanan cadangan air sebagai perkebunan tebu proses irigasi

 
Kompetensi Pedagogik Dan Profesional Guru Fisika Dalam Melaksanakan Pendekatan Saintifik Di SMAN Sleman
Authors: Wulandari Ratna Wahyu , Mundilarto Mundilarto
Published: July 2017

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan: (1) kompetensi pedagogik guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik di SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sleman DIY; (2) kompetensi profesional guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik di SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sleman DIY; (3) korelasi antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kompetensi pedagogik dan profesional guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik; dan (4) korelasi antara pelatihan guru dengan kompetensi pedagogik dan profesional guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survei. Objek penelitian ini adalah kompetensi pedagogik dan profesional guru fisika. Penelitian ini menghasilkan: (1) kompetensi pedagogik guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik secara keseluruhan dikategorikan baik berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari triangulasi data dari instrumen angket, observasi, dan wawancara.; (2) kompetensi profesional guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik secara keseluruhan dikategorikan baik berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh dari triangulasi data dari instrumen angket, observasi, dan wawancara; (3) korelasi kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dengan kompetensi pedagogik guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik dikategorikan sangat lemah, dan dengan kompetensi profesional guru fisika dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik dikategorikan kuat; dan (4) tidak ada korelasi yang signifikan antara pelatihan guru dengan kompetensi pedagogik dan profesional dalam melaksanakan pendekatan saintifik guru fisika.
Analisis Kausalitas Pemahaman Konsep Dengan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa Pada Pemecahan Masalah Fisika
Authors: Trianggono Mochammad Maulana
Published: July 2017

Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi memiliki peranan penting dalam membentuk karakter kreatif dan kritis seseorang dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan fisika. Kemampuan berpikir tingkat tinggi pada umumnya didukung oleh kualitas pemahaman konsep seseorang, dalam artian kualitas pemahaman seseorang terhadap suatu konsep sinergi dengan kualitas kemampuan berpikir tingkat tingginya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan hubungan kausalitas antara pemahaman konsep dengan kemampuan berpikir kreatif siswa dalam pemecahan masalah fisika berdasarkan data penelitian yang telah dilakukan di kelas X IPA 2 SMAN 4 Jember. Data pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif diperoleh melalui ­pre-test dan post-test menggunakan tes objektif dan uraian. Data hasil penelitian tersebut dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif berdasarkan n-gain­ pada masing-masing indikator pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif. Kajian tentang hubungan kausalitas antara pemahaman konsep dan kemampuan berpikir kreatif menunjukkan bahwa keduanya memiliki pengaruh yang saling konstruktif dalam menghasilkan penyelesaian yang komprehensif dari suatu permasalahan fisika.
Efektivitas Penerapan Model Pembelajaran ATI (Aptitude Treatment Interaction) Dan Model Pembelajaran TAI (Team Assisted Individualy): Dampak Terhadap Hasil Belajar Fisika Siswa
Authors: Saregar Antomi , Diani Rahma , Kholid Ridho
Published: July 2017

Fokus dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektivitas implementasi model pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar fisika siswa SMA pada materi fluida statis, antara kelas dengan model pembelajaran ATI (Aptitude Treatment Interaction) dan kelas dengan model pembelajaran TAI (Team Assisted Individualy). Jenis penelitian adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan desain pretest-postest kelompok statis (The Static Group Pretest- Postest Design). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar siswa antara kedua kelas, yang dibuktikan dari hasil uji-t dimana thitung> ttabel, Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan hasil belajar antara kelas dengan model pembelajaran ATI (Aptitude Treatment Interaction) dan kelas model pembelajaran TAI (Team Assisted Individualy). Selanjutnya, diperoleh hasil uji effect size sebesar 0,69 dengan kriteria sedang. Sehingga penerapan model pembelajaran ATI (Aptitude Treatment Interaction) lebih efektif dalam meningakatkan hasil belajar fisika siswa dibandingkan dengan pemodel pembelajaran TAI (Team Assisted Individualy).
Perpaduan Metode Newton-Raphson Dan Metode Euler Untuk Menyelesaikan Persamaan Gerak Pada Osilator Magnetik
Authors: Aadam Riza Ibnu
Published: July 2017

Telah dilakukan analisis untuk memperoleh solusi persamaan differensial nonlinear dari osilator magnetik dengan memadukan metode Newton-Raphson dan metode Euler. Nilai parameter gaya magnetik k diperoleh dengan menggantungkan magnet seperti ayunan matematis. Dalam model numerik, metode Newton-Raphson diperoleh nilai jarak kesetimbangan antara magnet statis 1 dengan magnet utama sebesar 0,01512559816833 m. Adapun dari metode Euler didapatkan model osilator magnetik mulai nonlinear pada saat diberikan simpangan 0,010524 m. Hasil analisis menunjukkan besarnya masukan awal sangat berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan sistem osilator magnetik di waktu selanjutnya. Perpaduan metode Newton-Raphson dan metode Euler dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan persamaan differensial nonlinear osilator magnetik.
MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN MENULIS PUISI MELALUI PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN KONSTRUKTIVIS SISWA KELAS V
Authors: Wijaya Herman
Published: July 2017

Based on the observations of pre research made in class V MI NW Pancor Kopong, it found the problem that the Indonesian teachers have difficulty in teaching of poem writing. The problems of low ability to write poetry on students are always a constraint among learners and teachers, especially in V MI NW Pancor Kopong in 2013/2014 academic year. Based on this reality, the researcher conducted a study with the aim to improve students' writing poetry at class V MI NW Pancor Kopomg in 2013/2014 academic year through the implementation of constructivism strategies in learning the Indonesian language. Data collection techniques of this study are test and observation. The collected data were analyzed to find the average value, ideal capabilities and look for the ability of group. Based on the result of analysis, it obtains the outcome of student learning with an average 49.86. Classically, it just reaches 17:24%. It means that of 29 students, there are 6 students who have completed or received value above 65 and an increase in cycle II. At the second cycle, 9 of 29 students have fulfilled the criteria of minimum completeness. Based on the percentage calculation obtained, the classical learning completeness is 31.03%. The result of the second cycle has not yet reached the target set. Target can be reached at the third cycle in which 27 students of 29 or 93.10% have been completed. Result of the third cycle has exceeded the target of 90%. Based on the analysis, the application of constructivism learning strategy models to improve the ability to write poetry in grade V MI NW Pancor Kopong at the academic year 2013/2014 in the field of the Indonesian language is successful.

 

Keywords: Ability to write poetry, constructivism learning strategies.

 
PERMAINAN WHAT’S IN HERE? SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF METODE PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN BERTANYA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Suraya Selly Nurina
Published: July 2017

Abstract

 

Education is a systematic process to improve human dignity in a holistic manner that allows self potentials (affective, cognitive, and psychomotor) develop optimally. Curriculum 2013 adheres to the basic view that knowledge cannot be moved away from the teacher to the learner. For learners, learning should be shifted from "notified" to "actively seek out". One of methods that can be applied is a game “What's in here?”, that is learning with the game questions that make students happy to learn but it is also able to educate students to be more creative thinking and develop knowledge. The game “What's In Here?” can be used as an alternative method of teach for training elementary school students to have questioning skills.

 

Keywords: questioning skills, game “What's in Here?” elementary school students
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN IPA BERVISI SETS DENGAN METODE DISCOVERY LEARNING UNTUK MENANAMKAN NILAI BAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Atmojo Setyo Eko
Published: July 2017

This study aims to develop the vision SETS elementary science learning with discovery learning method. To know effectivity elementary science teaching tools in growing SETS visionary science process skills and instill values in themselves and to know the implementation learning devices in the classroom. This study is a research & development (R & D / Research and Development) is a software product developed science learning in Fifth Grade Elementary School envisions SETS with discovery learning method. Based on the results of analysis show the validity of the learning value is 4.12 on a valid category. Average student has good science process skills, the average percentage of the value of > 70 %, the effective development of learning tools for to build values in students. Average student learning outcomes in the category of either > 70, the development of learning outcomes appropriate to apply > 80 % of students gave positive responses. SETS visionary science learning by discovery learning methods to actively engage students in learning, can improve science process skills, instill values in students, and provide an average of student learning outcomes that achieve average scores > 70. Implementation LKS and LDS assist students in learning, apply science concepts and provide opportunities for students to apply as scientists so as to provide a more in-depth experience of the concept of science.

 

 
PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN KEPUASAN KERJA TERHADAP PERILAKU KEWARGAAN ORGANISASI GURU SEKOLAH DASAR NEGERI KECAMATAN KRAS KABUPATEN KEDIRI
Authors: Gunawan Imam
Published: July 2017

The objective of this research is to found out the influence of transformational leadership and job satisfaction toward organizational citizenship behavior of the teacher in primary school Kras District of Kediri. This research used quantitative approach. The participants of the research are 159 teachers of 30 primary school Kras, District of Kediri. The data found using closed model questionnaire instrument. The data analyzed using path analyzing, with the help of SPSS PASW Statistics 18 program. The results of the research show that there is a significance influence between transformational leadership and job satisfaction toward organizational citizenship behavior of the teacher in primary school Kras, District of Kediri. The transformational leadership contributes 15.1% while the job satisfaction contribution is 20.4%. Other variables beyond this research contribute 64.5%.

 

 
PENERAPAN MODEL VALUE CLARIFICATION TECHNIQUE (VCT) BERBANTUAN FILM DOKUMENTER DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI NASIONALISME DAN MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR PADA SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Sutaryanto Sutaryanto
Published: July 2017

This research is conducted to integrate the model, review the process and
results of the model application,and analyze the differences between the
application of students learning outcomes using learning model VCT assisted the
documentary film with conventional learning in social studies. This research is a
kind of mixed methods with experimental design. The data is derived using
observation, documentation, attitude scale, and tests. The application of the Value
Clarification Technique (VCT) models assisted the documentary film is very
effective. It can be seen from the teacher’s observation, student attitudes, analysis
of students' worksheet, students response with very good criteria, and the results
show the attitude scale test of the Value Clarification Technique (VCT) models
assisted the documentary film effectivein instilling the value of nationalism. There
is a difference in student learning outcomes between experimental and control
classes. Student learning outcomes experimental class are higher than the control
class.
AJARAN MORAL DAN KARAKTER DALAM FABEL KISAH DARI NEGERI DONGENG KARYA MULASIH TARY (KAJIAN SASTRA ANAK SEBAGAI BAHAN AJAR DI SEKOLAH DASAR)
Authors: Ridwan M
Published: July 2017

The crisis of moral and character are serious talk and continuously. Indonesia has problem in moral and character crisis. Last month and also latest few years aggressively presented how the moral destruction of children, for example: sexual harassment and sexual abuse happen everywhere. In fact, the fate of the nation depends on them. Children are a golden generation that will continue struggle of the founders of this nation. That fact becomes our responsible, not just the government, teachers and parents and the environment. All citizens must intervene to face both moral and character emergency. Therefore, children's literature comes to a repair process and the moral character of the nation. Children's literature should be re-presented and enjoyed by them. The purposes of the study are: 1) describe a study of moral teachings and character found in fable The Tale of Tales of State and, 2) recommends that children's literature can be interesting and fun for teaching materials.

 
Upaya Meningkatkan Prestasi Belajar IPS Melalui Model Pembelajaran DI (Direct Instruction) Dengan Media Visual Berbantuan Komputer
Authors: Wintarti Wintarti
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPS melalui model pembelajaran DI (Direct Instruction) dengan media visual berbantuan komputer pada siswa kelas V SDN Sukolilo 01 Kecamatan Jiwan Kabupaten Madiun Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan melalui 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas V yang berjumlah 26 siswa dan dilakukan secara kolaboratif dengan guru SDN Sukolilo 01. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model pembelajaran DI (Direct Instruction) dapat digunakan sebagai sarana untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPS siswa. Hal ini terbukti dengan siswa yang mendapat nilai sama atau lebih tinggi dari KKM 70,00 meningkat dari siklus I ke siklus II. Pada siklus I ketuntasan hasil belajar mencapai rata-rata kelas 72,3. Sedangkan pada siklus II ketuntasan hasil belajar rata-rata kelas meningkat 84,8
Peningkatan Prestasi Belajar IPS Melalui Metode Ekspositori Pada Siswa Kelas II SDN Sukolilo 03
Authors: Wakiyem Wakiyem
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar IPS khususnya dalam hal  kemampuan mengidentifikasi kedudukan dan peran anggota dalam keluarga dan lingkungan tetangga melalui metode ekspositori siswa Kelas II SDN Sukolilo 03 Kecamatan Jiwan Madiun tahun pelajaran 2015/2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilaksanakan melalui 4 tahap yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, observasi, dan refleksi. Subjek penelitiannya adalah siswa kelas II dan dilakukan secara kolaboratif dengan guru SDN Sukolilo 03. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi metode ekspositori yang digunakan dalam kegiatan belajar mengajar siswa Kelas II SD Negeri Sukolilo 03 Kecamatan Jiwan Madiun, ternyata lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan dan menumbuhkan aktivitas, motivasi, dan prestasi belajar siswa. Hal ini terbukti dengan siswa yang mendapat nilai sama atau lebih tinggi dari KKM meningkat dari siklus I ke siklus II. 
LA EVALUACIÓN DEL DESEMPEÑO DOCENTE: UNA PRÁCTICA DE MEJORA CONTINUA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD ESTATAL PENÍNSULA DE SANTA ELENA
Authors: Puya Lino Aníbal Javier , Castillo Gallo Carlos Manuel
Published: July 2017

El objetivo fundamental de este ensayo es socializar con la comunidad académica que ejerce la docencia superior, los aspectos relacionados con la evaluación del desempeño docente desarrollada en la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, desde un enfoque teórico práctico. El objetivo general de este artículo es valorar la importancia que tiene la evaluación del desempeño docente, como un proceso de mejora continua en la enseñanza-aprendizaje, la investigación y la vinculación con la comunidad. Todos estos planteamientos han suscitado las siguientes interrogantes que se intenta dar respuesta en el presente reporte científico: ¿Qué se entiende por evaluación del desempeño docente?, ¿cuál es la importancia de la evaluación del desempeño docente?, ¿cuáles son los modelos de evaluación del desempeño docente que se aplican con mayor frecuencia en las universidades latinoamericanas?, ¿qué relación existe entre en el modelo de evaluación del desempeño docente establecido en el Reglamento de Carrera y Escalafón del Profesor e Investigador del Sistema de Educación Superior y el modelo de la UPSE?, ¿cómo se realiza la evaluación del desempeño docente en la UPSE?.  Esta investigación ha sido realizada desde un enfoque cualitativo y en la misma se han utilizado los métodos hermenéuticos y fenomenológicos.Palabras clave: Evaluación del desempeño docente, Reglamento de Carrera y Escalafón del Profesor e Investigador del Sistema de Educación Superior del Ecuador, Pares académicos, Directivos, Mejora continua, autoevaluación, coevaluación y heteroevaluación.ABSTRACTThe main objective of this essay is to socialize with the academic community exerted teaching in higher education, issues related to teacher performance assessment developed in the Santa Elena Peninsula State University, from a theoretical and practical approach. The overall objective of this article is to assess the importance of teacher performance assessment as a process of continuous improvement in teaching and learning, research and community outreach. All these approaches have raised the following questions that attempt to answer in this scientific report: What is meant by teacher performance assessment ?, what is the importance of teacher performance assessment ?, what are the assessment models teacher performance applied more frequently in Latin American universities ?, what is the relationship between the model of teacher evaluation provided for in Regulation Career and Pay Scale Research Professor of higher Education System and model UPSE?, how teacher performance assessment is carried out in the UPSE ?. This research was conducted from a qualitative approach and the same have been used hermeneutical and phenomenological methods.Keywords: Teacher performance assessment, regulation 'Career and Professor and Research System of Higher Education of Ecuador, academic peers, Managers, Continuous improvement, self-assessment, peer assessment and hetero.
Unilateral thalamic and pallidal deep brain stimulation for idiopathic hemidystonia: results of individual and combined stimulations. Case report
Authors: Goulenko Victor , da Costa Cruz Paulo Luiz , Niemeyer Filho Paulo
Published: July 2017

Pallidal stimulation has been the usual surgical treatment for dystonia in the last decades. The continuous investigation of the physiopathology and the motor pathways involved leads to the search for complementary targets to improve results. The authors present the case of a 37-year-old woman who had suffered from idiopathic hemidystonia with hyperkinetic and hypokinetic movements for 11 years, and who was treated with deep brain stimulation. A brief literature review is also provided. The globus pallidus internus and the ventral intermediate/ventral oral posterior complex of the thalamus were stimulated separately and simultaneously for 3 months and compared using the Burke-Fahn-Marsden Dystonia Rating Scale and the Global Dystonia Severity Rating Scale, with a 3.5-year follow-up. The synergism of multiple-target stimulation resulted in a complete improvement of the mixed dystonic symptoms.
Selective embolization of ruptured feeding artery aneurysm followed by resection of arteriovenous malformation
Authors: Walcott Brian P. , Russin Jonathan J. , Babadjouni Robin , Mack William J.
Published: July 2017

This is the case of a man in his 40s who suffered sudden collapse into a deep coma as a result of a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM) feeding artery aneurysm within the lateral ventricle. The ruptured aneurysm was successfully treated with Onyx embolization of the feeding pedicle. The AVM and the feeding artery aneurysm were then removed via a transcallosal approach. This case highlights the utility of interrogating the AVM with microcatheterization of the feeding pedicles in order to define the exact anatomical features necessary for treatment planning. It also reviews the anatomy of the choroidal fissure.

The video can be found here: https://youtu.be/UeqFzhTRU1Q.
Pediatric Skin Failure
Authors: Cohen Katie E. , Scanlon Matthew C. , Bemanian Amin , Schindler Christine A.
Published: July 2017

Background

The phenomenon of skin failure as distinct from pressure ulcers has been documented in the adult literature. However, in the pediatric population, skin injury continues to be grouped indiscriminately as various types of pressure ulcers.

Objective

To identify and describe the phenomenon of skin failure in critically ill children.

Methods

Retrospective chart review of 19 patients who had serious skin injuries develop. Organ dysfunction scores, medications, pressure ulcer prevention techniques used, and laboratory values in the 7 days leading up to the development of a skin lesion were evaluated.

Results

At the start of the evaluation period, all patients (N = 19) had pressure ulcer prevention measures in place before the development of a serious skin injury. All of the skin lesions were full-thickness injuries on the day they were identified (as opposed to the more gradual progression from simple to complex skin injuries typically seen in pressure ulcers). As predicted, 18 of 19 patients had multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in the week leading up to the skin injury. All patients with MODS had at least 2 dysfunctional systems, and 12 patients had 4 or more dysfunctional systems. Of the 19 patients, 8 (42%) progressed to death, compared with 1.8% in our general pediatric intensive care unit population.

Conclusion

Although the traditional paradigm is that pressure ulcers are preventable, a subset of pressure ulcers in critically ill children may actually represent acute skin failure as a consequence of MODS.
Recognizing the Ordinary as Extraordinary: Insight Into the “Way We Work” to Improve Patient Safety Outcomes
Authors: Henneman Elizabeth A.
Published: July 2017

The Institute of Medicine (now National Academy of Medicine) reports “To Err is Human” and “Crossing the Chasm” made explicit 3 previously unappreciated realities: (1) Medical errors are common and result in serious, preventable adverse events; (2) The majority of medical errors are the result of system versus human failures; and (3) It would be impossible for any system to prevent all errors. With these realities, the role of the nurse in the “near miss” process and as the final safety net for the patient is of paramount importance. The nurse’s role in patient safety is described from both a systems perspective and a human factors perspective. Critical care nurses use specific strategies to identify, interrupt, and correct medical errors. Strategies to identify errors include knowing the patient, knowing the plan of care, double-checking, and surveillance. Nursing strategies to interrupt errors include offering assistance, clarifying, and verbally interrupting. Nurses correct errors by persevering, being physically present, reviewing/confirming the plan of care, or involving another nurse or physician. Each of these strategies has implications for education, practice, and research. Surveillance is a key nursing strategy for identifying medical errors and reducing adverse events. Eye-tracking technology is a novel approach for evaluating the surveillance process during common, high-risk processes such as blood transfusion and medication administration. Eye tracking has also been used to examine the impact of interruptions to care caused by bedside alarms as well as by other health care personnel. Findings from this safety-related eye-tracking research provide new insight into effective bedside surveillance and interruption management strategies.
Early Postnatal Secondhand Smoke Exposure Disrupts Bacterial Clearance and Abolishes Immune Responses in Muco-Obstructive Lung Disease
Authors: Lewis Brandon W. , Sultana Razia , Sharma Rahul , Noël Alexandra , Langohr Ingeborg , Patial Sonika , Penn Arthur L. , Saini Yogesh
Published: July 2017

Secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure has been linked to the worsening of ongoing lung diseases. However, whether SHS exposure affects the manifestation and natural history of imminent pediatric muco-obstructive airway diseases such as cystic fibrosis remains unclear. To address these questions, we exposed Scnn1b transgenic (Scnn1b-Tg+) mice to SHS from postnatal day (PND) 3–21 and lung phenotypes were examined at PND22. Although a majority of filtered air (FA)-exposed Scnn1b-Tg+ (FA-Tg+) mice successfully cleared spontaneous bacterial infections by PND22, the SHS-exposed Scnn1b-Tg+ (SHS-Tg+) mice failed to resolve these infections. This defect was associated with suppressed antibacterial defenses, i.e., phagocyte recruitment, IgA secretion, and Muc5b expression. Whereas the FA-Tg+ mice exhibited marked mucus obstruction and Th2 responses, SHS-Tg+ mice displayed a dramatic suppression of these responses. Mechanistically, downregulated expression of IL-33, a stimulator of type II innate lymphoid cells, in lung epithelial cells was associated with suppression of neutrophil recruitment, IgA secretions, Th2 responses, and delayed bacterial clearance in SHS-Tg+ mice. Cessation of SHS exposure for 21 d restored previously suppressed responses, including phagocyte recruitment, IgA secretion, and mucous cell metaplasia. However, in contrast with FA-Tg+ mice, the SHS-Tg+ mice had pronounced epithelial necrosis, alveolar space consolidation, and lymphoid hyperplasia; indicating lagged unfavorable effects of early postnatal SHS exposure in later life. Collectively, our data show that early postnatal SHS exposure reversibly suppresses IL-33 levels in airspaces which, in turn, results in reduced neutrophil recruitment and diminished Th2 response. Our data indicate that household smoking may predispose neonates with muco-obstructive lung disease to bacterial exacerbations.
Assessing the Role of Microfinance on Women Empowerment: A case of PRIDE (T) -Shinyanga
Authors: Raphael Gwahula , Mrema Geofrey Isaack
Published: July 2017

The objective of the study was to assess the role of micro finance (PRIDE) on women empowerment in Shinyanga Municipality. The study tried to assess two specific objectives which were to assess the best way to be considered by pride to empower women and assess the relationship between the roles of micro finance on women empowerment. The study used a sample of 92 beneficiaries of microfinance services from micro finance institution, PRIDE (T). Microfinance services and entrepreneurial skills were independent variables and women empowerment was the dependent variable. The researcher used primary data collection tools such as interviews. The findings revealed that both microfinance services contribute 97 percent of women empowerment and entrepreneur skills also contribute 71.4 percent on women empowerment. Finding from the multiple linear regressions showed that reduction of harsh condition, increase of entrepreneur skills, saving, loan and reduction of interest rate were 0.327, 0.316, 0.274, 0.370, and 0.289 respectively. The model explained that there is direct relationship between women empowerment and the role of micro finance services as well as entrepreneur skills.
Different Levels of NGO Engagement and Reactions of the Government: Assessing the Sri Lankan Experience
Authors: Akurugoda Indi Ruwangi , Barrett Patrick , Simpson Alan
Published: July 2017

Sri Lankan governments have a history of contradictory forms of engagement with NGOs and foreign donors, on the one hand embracing opportunities to work with and coordinate NGO donations for development, and on the other discouraging and rejecting more localised NGO activities. Successive governments have welcomed NGO and foreign donor funds for large scale construction projects. At the same time, with the support of Sinhala nationalist groups, governments have also portrayed NGOs and foreign donors as imperial agents. This criticism has been used against NGOs involved in the promotion and protection of human rights, especially in the war affected areas. This inconsistent behaviour of governments towards NGOs and foreign donors reflects opportunistic politics. Some NGOs and foreign donor agencies have successfully managed to navigate these contradictory government positions. Based on research in the southern and eastern provinces in Sri Lanka, this paper analyses effective NGO engagement at the local level during the post-tsunami and post-war situations. It focuses on those NGOs that have maintained government backing while also positively supporting local governance, community development and human rights.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 7
Authors: Grey Erica
Published: July 2017

Reviewer Acknowledgements for Global Journal of Health Science, Vol. 9, No. 7, 2017.
The Effect of in Water Selective Exercises on Muscle Strength in Patients with Muscle Dystrophy
Authors: Derikvandi Aliakbar Najafvand , Kaviyaniniya Rezvan
Published: July 2017

Muscular dystrophy syndrome refers to a group of genetic diseases resulting in muscle weakness and low functional capacity. This purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of an eight-week selective training on muscle strength of patients with muscular dystrophy. A quasi-experimental method was used in this study. Eleven patients with muscular dystrophy were selected through purposive sampling and divided into two groups randomly including in water selective exercises (n = 6) and control groups (n = 5) respectively. The study conducted under the supervision of researcher for eight weeks, three sessions per week, and the time allocated was between 60-45 minutes. Moreover, a t-test was used for statistical analysis and the significant level was set at p < 0.05 level. After an eight-week training a significant increase (P < 0.05) was observed in extensor muscle strength in patients with muscular dystrophy. However, no significant difference was observed in the control group (p ≥0.05). Comparing the changes made during eight weeks (difference between pre-test and post-test) a significant difference (P < 0.05) was observed between intervention and control groups. According to obtained findings in this study, in water selective exercise is an effective way to improve muscular strength in patients with muscular dystrophy.
Physician Shortage in Canada: A Review of Contributing Factors
Authors: Malko Andrei , Huckfeldt Vaughn
Published: July 2017

The physician shortage in Canada is multifactorial. It is important to identify potential factors and policies contributing to the problem. An extensive literature review to retrieve primary source articles was performed using the PubMed database. Other sources of information included reports identified using the websites of organizations, associations, government bodies and Google scholar, as well as additional primary source articles identified using reference lists of retrieved articles and reports. Healthcare policy changes in the 1990’s limited the growth of physician supply through the reduction of medical school enrolment, restrictions on recruitment of international medical graduates into the workforce, redistribution of family physician and specialist mix and loss of physicians to the US. Inadequate supply of primary care physicians is reflected in the low interest among medical students in a family medicine career and the shortage of physicians in rural areas. Reduction of physician productivity is characterized by an aging physician population, greater proportion of women in the workforce and the reduction of direct patient care hours among the new generation of physicians. The problem is further exacerbated by inefficiencies in healthcare expenditures, judging from high healthcare spending and low physician-to-population ratio. An understanding of factors contributing to the physician shortage is essential in order to develop successful strategies to alleviate inadequate physician supply.
Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF)―Common Practice in Poland before the “Antifibrotic Drugs Era”
Authors: Piotrowski Wojciech , Martusewicz-Boros Magdalena , Białas Adam , Lewandowska Katarzyna
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive and debilitating lung disease with a median survival time of 3–5 years. For now, pirfenidone (PIR) and nintedanib (NTB) are the only drugs that can slow down the disease’s progression. In Poland, these drugs, although registered for legal use, had not been reimbursed for IPF patients until the end of the year 2016. Aim of the study was to assess what was common practice in terms of diagnosis and treatment in the period before antifibrotic drugs became available for IPF patients in Poland. Material and methods: We performed a survey among participants of two nationwide pulmonological congresses held in 2016. Results: One hundred and fifty physicians took part in the study. Only 55% of respondents would reach their final diagnosis in collaboration with a radiologist. Just 40% of those sending patients for surgical lung biopsy (SLB) would discuss the case directly with a pathologist. 22% would never refer the patient suspected of having IPF for SLB. 85% believed that bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) may be useful for diagnosis. 41% of respiratory professionals would not use any drug for the treatment of IPF patients. 23% of physicians would prescribe corticosteroids in high doses (CS), either in monotherapy or in combination with other drugs. Only 43% of respondents would use antacid drugs in case of symptomatic gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD), and only 11% would prescribe these drugs regardless of GERD diagnosis. Conclusions: The majority of Polish pulmonologists were not supported by radiologists and pathologists in the diagnostic process. Treatment standards were unsatisfactory, mostly due to a lacking of reimbursement regulations. Further education is necessary to improve management of IPF patients in Poland.
Signaling Pathways and Their Mirna Regulators Involved in the Etiopathology of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis (HP)
Authors: Kiszałkiewicz Justyna , Piotrowski Wojciech , Brzeziańska-Lasota Ewa
Published: July 2017

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) belong to heterogenic group of interstitial lung diseases (ILD). For the reason that this group of diseases present with complex clinical non-specific features, they represent a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. In this review we focus on several crucial signaling pathways participating in inflammation, fibrosis and EMT processes, so important in the course of ILD: TNF-α/NFκβ, TGF-β/SMAD, Wnt-β-catenin and PI3K-Akt signaling. Moreover, this review summarizes the role of selected signaling pathways and some miRNAs which are their regulators during development and progression of IPF and HP. Recent advances indicate the potential role of miRNAs as a molecular markers differentiating clinical course of ILD.
Advanced investigation on the change in the streamflow into the water source of the middle route of China's water diversion project
Authors: She Dunxian , Xia Jun , Shao Quanxi , Taylor John A. , Zhang Liping , Zhang Xiang , Zhang Yanjun , Gu Huanghe
Published: July 2017

To alleviate water shortage in northern China, the middle route of the South to North Water Diversion Project (MRP) was constructed by the Chinese government. A dramatic reduction in the annual streamflow into Danjiangkou Reservoir (ASDR), the water source of MRP, during 1990 has raised some concerns on the MRP's operation. This paper employed an advanced segmented regression model with more recent data to have a clear picture and understand the changing pattern of the ASDR. Our study first revealed a zigzag changing pattern (decreasing‐increasing‐decreasing‐increasing) of ASDR during 1960–2013, which was supported by statistical criteria compared with a monotonic or single abrupt change. Particularly, the significantly decreasing trend from 1990s was reversed after 2000, and such change may relieve the concern about the water availability in the future. Sensitivity analysis showed that changes in streamflow were largely influenced by the combined effects of precipitation (P) and potential evapotranspiration (ET0) and were more sensitive to P than ET0. As ET0 is estimated from other primary variables, further analysis was conducted to understand the sensitivities of ET0 to its primary driving variables (wind speed, actual vapor pressure, temperature, and sunshine duration) and indicated that ET0 is mostly sensitive to actual vapor pressure during 1960–2013. The findings will assist the MRP's operation and management. Moreover, the results in this study also indicate that an adaptive water diversion plan, rather than the current plan with a constant annual amount of diversion water, might be a better option in the MRP's operation.
Incorporating root hydraulic redistribution and compensatory water uptake in the Common Land Model: Effects on site level and global land modeling
Authors: Zhu Siguang , Chen Haishan , Zhang Xiangxiang , Wei Nan , Shangguan Wei , Yuan Hua , Zhang Shupeng , Wang Lili , Zhou Lihua , Dai Yongjiu
Published: July 2017

Treatment of plant water uptake through the roots remains a significant issue in land surface models. Most current land surface models calculate the root water uptake (RWU) by extracting soil water in different soil layers based on the relative soil water availability and the root fraction of each layer within the rooting zone. This approach is also used as the default in the Common Land Model (CoLM). This approach often significantly underestimates plant transpiration during dry periods. Therefore, more realistic RWU functions are needed in land surface models. In this study, the modified CoLM with root hydraulic redistribution (HR) and compensatory water uptake (CWU) was evaluated against the CoLM with the default approach by comparing the observed and simulated latent and sensible heat fluxes observed from three sites that experience seasonal drought over the measured periods. We found that the CoLM using the default RWU significantly underestimated latent heat fluxes and overestimated the sensible heat fluxes over dry periods, whereas those biases were significantly reduced by the CoLM with HR and CWU functions. We also ran global offline simulations using the revised CoLM to evaluate the performance of these alternative RWU functions on the global scale. Compared with the estimated latent heat fluxes from the FLUXNET‐model tree ensemble model product, CoLM with HR and CWU functions significantly improved the estimated latent heat fluxes over the Amazon, Southern Africa, and Central Asia during their dry seasons. Therefore, we recommend the implementation of HR and CWU in land surface models.