bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The influence of competing organisational appeals on individual donations
Authors: Klar Samara , Piston Spencer
Published: May 2015

Policy scholars and the public alike are concerned not only with the actions policymakers take in the legislature but also with the money that enables policies to reach the legislative agenda. A significant portion of these funds come from individual donors. We examine how appeals from public policy organisations influence donation behaviour. Existing research studies the effectiveness of appeals in isolation, but few studies consider the competitive environment in which these appeals occur. With nearly 1.5 million nonprofit organisations in the United States, Americans face many competing appeals for their limited funds. We develop a theoretical account of the effects of competing appeals on donation behaviour and test our theory with a large experimental study across two Midwestern states. Our results suggest that negative emotional appeals, rather than increasing total donation behaviour, increase the proportion of donations directed towards the soliciting organisation. Furthermore, two competing appeals cancel out one another.
URUGUAY AND THE FIRST GLOBALIZATION: ON THE ACCURACY OF EXPORT PERFORMANCE, 1870-1913
Authors: Bonino-Gayoso Nicolás , Tena-Junguito Antonio , Willebald Henry
Published: May 2015

In order to understand Uruguay’s long-run economic evolution it becomes crucial to interpret its export performance during the First Globalization. The lack of accuracy of official figures, especially official prices used, calls for an adjustment of Uruguayan export series. We have used empirical evidence to test the accuracy of quantities and values of export records, first, according to import partners’ records and, second, according to international market prices. Results show a general undervaluation of official export values during the period along with severe distortions in the registers caused by transit trade. We reconstructed new Uruguayan export f.o.b values and an export price index which present a more unstable and less dynamic export evolution than that of neighbouring Argentina.
Material lives of the poor and their strategic use of the workhouse during the final decades of the English old poor law
Authors: HARLEY JOSEPH
Published: May 2015

This article is the first to use a combination of three different types of inventories from Dorset to examine the material lives of paupers inside and outside Beaminster workhouse. It argues that life was materially better for paupers on outdoor relief, compared with workhouse inmates and with paupers in the moments before they entered the workhouse. The article also examines how the poor used admission into the workhouse as part of their economy of makeshifts. The evidence demonstrates that the able-bodied poor used the workhouse as a short-term survival strategy, whereas more vulnerable inmates struggled to use this tactic. This article therefore furthers our understanding of the nature of poor relief and adds further weight to recent historical work that has emphasised pauper agency.
Work amongst older men in Spain, 1900–1970: a quantitative analysis based on census data
Authors: ELU-TERÁN ALEXANDER
Published: May 2015

This article presents a historical examination of employment amongst men aged 60 years or more in Spain. We aim to explore the characteristics of this segment of the labour force and to analyse the key transformations affecting it during the first seven decades of the twentieth century, such as structural change and, most notably, the rise of public pensions. We then move on to identify specific problems faced by older workers during the study period. It has been hypothesised that one of these was the ‘life-cycle deskilling process’, the effects of which have previously been demonstrated in case studies of certain nations other than Spain. We explore whether life-cycle deskilling also occurred in Spain. We take a quantitative perspective, basing our analysis on the age by occupation tables published from the Spanish censuses from 1900 to 1970.
Psychopathic personality development from ages 9 to 18: Genes and environment
Authors: Tuvblad Catherine , Wang Pan , Bezdjian Serena , Raine Adrian , Baker Laura A.
Published: May 2015

The genetic and environmental etiology of individual differences was examined in initial level and change in psychopathic personality from ages 9 to 18 years. A piecewise growth curve model, in which the first change score (G1) influenced all ages (9–10, 11–13, 14–15, and 16–18 years) and the second change score (G2) only influenced ages 14–15 and 16–18 years, fit the data better did than the standard single slope model, suggesting a turning point from childhood to adolescence. The results indicated that variations in levels and both change scores were mainly due to genetic (A) and nonshared environmental (E) influences (i.e., AE structure for G0, G1, and G2). No sex differences were found except on the mean values of level and change scores. Based on caregiver ratings, about 81% of variance in G0, 89% of variance in G1, and 94% of variance in G2were explained by genetic factors, whereas for youth self-reports, these three proportions were 94%, 71%, and 66%, respectively. The larger contribution of genetic variance and covariance in caregiver ratings than in youth self-reports may suggest that caregivers considered the changes in their children to be more similar as compared to how the children viewed themselves.
Expression and localization of urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor in bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes
Authors: García Daniela C. , Miceli Dora C. , Rizo Gabriela , García Elina V. , Valdecantos Pablo A. , Roldán-Olarte Mariela
Published: May 2015

Urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease involved in extracellular matrix remodeling through plasmin generation. uPA usually binds to its receptor, uPAR, which is anchored to the plasma membrane through a glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor. uPA/uPAR binding increases proteolytic activity in the neighborhood of the cells containing uPAR and activates intracellular signaling pathways involved in extracellular matrix remodeling, cell migration and proliferation. The aim of this work was to study the expression of uPA, uPAR and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in immature and in vitro matured bovine cumulus–oocyte complexes (COCs). uPA is only expressed in the cumulus cells of immature and in vitro matured COCs, while uPAR and PAI-1 are expressed in both the cumulus cells and the immature and in vitro matured oocytes. In addition, uPAR protein was localized by confocal microscopy in the plasma membrane of oocytes and cumulus cells of immature COCs. Results from this research led us to hypothesize that the uPA/uPAR interaction could cause the local production of uPA-mediated plasmin over oocyte and cumulus cell surface; plasmin formation could also be regulated by PAI-1.
Collagen Fibrils and Proteoglycans of Macular Dystrophy Cornea: Ultrastructure and 3D Transmission Electron Tomography
Authors: Akhtar Saeed , Alkatan Hind M. , Kirat Omar , Khan Adnan A. , Almubrad Turki
Published: May 2015

We report the ultrastructure and 3D transmission electron tomography of collagen fibrils (CFs), proteoglycans (PGs), and microfibrils within the CF of corneas of patients with macular corneal dystrophy (MCD). Three normal corneas and three MCD corneas from three Saudi patients (aged 25, 31, and 49 years, respectively) were used for this study. The corneas were processed for light and electron microscopy studies. 3D images were composed from a set of 120 ultrastructural images using the program “Composer” and visualized using the program “Visuliser Kai”. 3D image analysis of MCD cornea showed a clear organization of PGs around the CF at very high magnification and degeneration of the microfibrils within the CF. Within the MCD cornea, the PG area in the anterior stroma was significantly larger than in the middle and posterior stroma. The PG area in the MCD cornea was significantly larger compared with the PG area in the normal cornea. The CF diameter and inter-fibrillar spacing of the MCD cornea were significantly smaller compared with those of the normal cornea. Ultrastructural 3D imaging showed that the production of unsulfated keratin sulfate (KS) may lead to the degeneration of micro-CFs within the CFs. The effect of the unsulfated KS was higher in the anterior stroma compared with the posterior stroma.
The ecology of pelagic freshwater methylotrophs assessed by a high-resolution monitoring and isolation campaign
Authors: Salcher Michaela M , Neuenschwander Stefan M , Posch Thomas , Pernthaler Jakob
Published: May 2015

Methylotrophic planktonic bacteria fulfill a particular role in the carbon cycle of lakes via the turnover of single-carbon compounds. We studied two planktonic freshwater lineages (LD28 and PRD01a001B) affiliated with Methylophilaceae (Betaproteobacteria) in Lake Zurich, Switzerland, by a combination of molecular and cultivation-based approaches. Their spatio-temporal distribution was monitored at high resolution (n=992 samples) for 4 consecutive years. LD28 methylotrophs constituted up to 11 × 107 cells l−1 with pronounced peaks in spring and autumn–winter, concomitant with blooms of primary producers. They were rare in the warm water layers during summer but abundant in the cold hypolimnion, hinting at psychrophilic growth. Members of the PRD01a001B lineage were generally less abundant but also had maxima in spring. More than 120 axenic strains from these so far uncultivated lineages were isolated from the pelagic zone by dilution to extinction. Phylogenetic analysis separated isolates into two distinct genotypes. Isolates grew slowly (μmax=0.4 d−1), were of conspicuously small size, and were indeed psychrophilic, with higher growth yield at low temperatures. Growth was enhanced upon addition of methanol and methylamine to sterile lake water. Genomic analyses of two strains confirmed a methylotrophic lifestyle with a reduced set of genes involved in C1 metabolism. The very small and streamlined genomes (1.36 and 1.75 Mb) shared several pathways with the marine OM43 lineage. As the closest described taxa (Methylotenera sp.) are only distantly related to either set of isolates, we propose a new genus with two species, that is, ‘Candidatus Methylopumilus planktonicus’ (LD28) and ‘Candidatus Methylopumilus turicensis’ (PRD01a001B).
Momentum-resolved spectroscopy of a Fermi liquid
Authors: Doggen Elmer V. H. , Kinnunen Jami J.
Published: May 2015

We consider a recent momentum-resolved radio-frequency spectroscopy experiment, in which Fermi liquid properties of a strongly interacting atomic Fermi gas were studied. Here we show that by extending the Brueckner-Goldstone model, we can formulate a theory that goes beyond basic mean-field theories and that can be used for studying spectroscopies of dilute atomic gases in the strongly interacting regime. The model hosts well-defined quasiparticles and works across a wide range of temperatures and interaction strengths. The theory provides excellent qualitative agreement with the experiment. Comparing the predictions of the present theory with the mean-field Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory yields insights into the role of pair correlations, Tan's contact and the Hartree mean-field energy shift.
Risk of metastasis among rib abnormalities on bone scans in breast cancer patients
Authors: Li Qin , Chen Zhiqiang , Zhao Yansheng , Li Xiuqing , Pan Hong , Xia Tiansong , Chen Lin , Xu Zhaoqiang , Zhou Wenbin , Liu Xiaoan
Published: May 2015

Bone scan abnormalities, especially rib lesions, are often confusing for physicians due to a high number of false-positive lesions. This study investigated risk factors that are associated with bone metastasis in 613 breast cancer patients with bone scan abnormalities. Significantly increased rates of bone metastasis were observed in patients with multiple lesions, large tumor sizes and lymph node involvement. In addition, patients with concurrent lesions of rib and other sites exhibited a significant higher rate of metastatic disease compared to those with other site lesions (P = 0.009). In the subset of 324 patients with rib abnormalities, the rate of metastasis was extremely low in patients with pure rib lesions (1.2%; 95% CI: 0.1%–4.1%). Concurrent lesions of rib and other sites were more likely to be rib metastasis compared to pure rib lesions (P < 0.001). Moreover, multiple rib lesions and lesions located on bilateral ribs were more likely to be rib metastasis (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that patients with pure rib abnormalities could be recommended for follow-up only. However, if concurrent lesions of rib and other sites were detected on bone scans, additional radiological examinations should be performed to patients.
Temporal perception deficits in schizophrenia: integration is the problem, not deployment of attentions
Authors: Su Li , Wyble Brad , Zhou Lai-quan , Wang Kui , Wang Yu-na , Cheung Eric F. C. , Bowman Howard , Chan Raymond C. K.
Published: May 2015

Patients with schizophrenia are known to have impairments in sensory processing. In order to understand the specific temporal perception deficits of schizophrenia, we investigated and determined to what extent impairments in temporal integration can be dissociated from attention deployment using Attentional Blink (AB). Our findings showed that there was no evident deficit in the deployment of attention in patients with schizophrenia. However, patients showed an increased temporal integration deficit within a hundred-millisecond timescale. The degree of such integration dysfunction was correlated with the clinical manifestations of schizophrenia. There was no difference between individuals with/without schizotypal personality disorder in temporal integration. Differently from previous studies using the AB, we did not find a significant impairment in deployment of attention in schizophrenia. Instead, we used both theoretical and empirical approaches to show that previous findings (using the suppression ratio to correct for the baseline difference) produced a systematic exaggeration of the attention deficits. Instead, we modulated the perceptual difficulty of the task to bring the baseline levels of target detection between the groups into closer alignment. We found that the integration dysfunction rather than deployment of attention is clinically relevant and thus should be an additional focus of research in schizophrenia.
Identification and validation of a two-gene expression index for subtype classification and prognosis in Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Xu Qinghua , Tan Cong , Ni Shujuan , Wang Qifeng , Wu Fei , Liu Fang , Ye Xun , Meng Xia , Sheng Weiqi , Du Xiang
Published: May 2015

The division of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) into germinal center B-cell-like (GCB) and activated B-cell-like (ABC) subtypes based on gene expression profiling has proved to be a landmark in understanding the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aims to identify a novel biomarker to facilitate the translation of research into clinical practice. Using a training set of 350 patients, we identified a two-gene expression signature, “LIMD1-MYBL1 Index”, which is significantly associated with cell-of-origin subtypes and clinical outcome. This two-gene index was further validated in two additional dataset. Tested against the gold standard method, the LIMD1-MYBL1 Index achieved 81% sensitivity, 89% specificity for ABC group and 81% sensitivity, 87% specificity for GCB group. The ABC group had significantly worse overall survival than the GCB group (hazard ratio = 3.5,P = 0.01). Furthermore, the performance of LIMD1-MYBL1 Index was satisfactory compared with common immunohistochemical algorithms. Thus, the LIMD1-MYBL1 Index had considerable clinical value for DLBCL subtype classification and prognosis. Our results might prompt the further development of this two-gene index to a simple assay amenable to routine clinical practice.
Breast cancer cell line MCF7 escapes from G1/S arrest induced by proteasome inhibition through a GSK-3β dependent mechanism
Authors: Gavilán Elena , Giráldez Servando , Sánchez-Aguayo Inmaculada , Romero Francisco , Ruano Diego , Daza Paula
Published: May 2015

Targeting the ubiquitin proteasome pathway has emerged as a rational approach in the treatment of human cancers. Autophagy has been described as a cytoprotective mechanism to increase tumor cell survival under stress conditions. Here, we have focused on the role of proteasome inhibition in cell cycle progression and the role of autophagy in the proliferation recovery. The study was performed in the breast cancer cell line MCF7 compared to the normal mammary cell line MCF10A. We found that the proteasome inhibitor MG132 induced G1/S arrest in MCF10A, but G2/M arrest in MCF7 cells. The effect of MG132 on MCF7 was reproduced on MCF10A cells in the presence of the glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK-3β) inhibitor VII. Similarly, MCF7 cells overexpressing constitutively active GSK-3β behaved like MCF10A cells. On the other hand, MCF10A cells remained arrested after MG132 removal while MCF7 recovered the proliferative capacity. Importantly, this recovery was abolished in the presence of the autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA). Thus, our results support the relevance of GSK-3β and autophagy as two targets for controlling cell cycle progression and proliferative capacity in MCF7, highlighting the co-treatment of breast cancer cells with 3-MA to synergize the effect of the proteasome inhibition.
Rapid classification and identification of complex chemical compositions in traditional Chinese medicine based on UPLC-Q-TOF/MS coupled with data processing techniques using the KuDieZi injection as an example
Authors: Yuan Lei , Zhang Zhenzhu , Hou Zhiguo , Yang Bin , Li Aizhu , Guo Xuejun , Wang Yuming , Li Yubo
Published: May 2015

A method has been constructed and applied for the rapid classification and identification of complex chemical compositions in traditional Chinese medicine.
Monitoring pattern formation in drying and wetting dispersions of gold nanoparticles by ESEM
Authors: Kunstmann-Olsen Casper , Belić Domagoj , Brust Mathias
Published: May 2015

We report an investigation of the self-assembly of patterns from functionalized gold nanoparticles (GNPs) by monitoring the process in situ by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) during both evaporation and condensation of the dispersant. As this method limits the choice of dispersants to water, GNPs functionalized with hydrophilic thiol ligands, containing poly(ethylene)glycol (PEG) groups, were used on a variety of substrates including pre-patterned ones. Particular emphasis was given to early stage deposition of GNPs, as well as redispersion and lift-off upon condensation of water droplets. ESEM presents a unique opportunity of directly imaging such events in situ. It was found that attractive interactions between the substrate and the GNPs are often stronger than expected once the particles have been deposited. The role of nickel perchlorate as a highly water-soluble additive was studied. It was found that entropically driven deposition of particles and decoration of surface features was enhanced in its presence, as expected.
N-Heterocyclic carbene-catalyzed synthesis of functionalized 3-hydroxypyrrolidinones via a domino aza-Michael/aldol reaction
Authors: Zhu Yan-fang , Cai Chun
Published: May 2015

The reaction features a transition-metal-free approach, mild reaction conditions, as well as a simple procedure.
A non-PCR SPR platform using RNase H to detect MicroRNA 29a-3p from throat swabs of human subjects with influenza A virus H1N1 infection
Authors: Loo Jacky , Wang S. S. , Peng F. , He J. A. , He L. , Guo Y. C. , Gu D. Y. , Kwok H. C. , Wu S. Y. , Ho H. P. , Xie W. D. , Shao Y. H. , Kong S. K.
Published: May 2015

A new non-PCR assay platform using RNase H to detect MicroRNA 29a-3p from patients’ throat swabs with influenza A virus H1N1 infection.
Analysis of multi-source metabolomic data using joint and individual variation explained (JIVE)
Authors: Kuligowski Julia , Pérez-Guaita David , Sánchez-Illana Ángel , León-González Zacarías , de la Guardia Miguel , Vento Máximo , Lock Eric F. , Quintás Guillermo
Published: May 2015

Joint and Individual Variation Explained (JIVE) is used for the integrated unsupervised analysis of metabolomic profiles from multiple data sources.
Development of a UHPLC method for the detection of organic gunshot residues using artificial neural networks
Authors: Taudte Regina Verena , Roux Claude , Bishop David , Blanes Lucas , Doble Philip , Beavis Alison
Published: May 2015

A UHPLC method was developed for a broad range of OGSR compounds using ANNs and evaluated using simulated case samples.
Electrodeposited NixCo3−xO4nanostructured films as bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts
Authors: Lambert Timothy N. , Vigil Julian A. , White Suzanne E. , Davis Danae J. , Limmer Steven J. , Burton Patrick D. , Coker Eric N. , Beechem Thomas E. , Brumbach Michael T.
Published: May 2015

Nanostructured NixCo3−xO4films serve as effective electrocatalysts for both the oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction in alkaline electrolyte.
Electrical conductivity in two mixed-valence liquids
Authors: Yao Wenzhi , Kelley Steven P. , Rogers Robin D. , Vaid Thomas P.
Published: May 2015

Two mixed-valence room-temperature liquids are reported: BuFc–[BuFc+][NTf2−] (BuFc =n-butylferrocene) and TEMPO–[TEMPO+][NTf2−]. Both are conductors of DC electrical current, and their conductivity is modeled based on the electron-transfer self-exchange rate constants of their constituent redox-active species.
Co-electrodeposition of RuO2–MnO2nanowires and the contribution of RuO2to the capacitance increase
Authors: Gui Zhe , Gillette Eleanor , Duay Jonathon , Hu Junkai , Kim Nam , Lee Sang Bok
Published: May 2015

Co-electrodeposition produces RuO2–MnO2composite nanowire electrodes with different RuO2loading amounts. RuO2's contribution to the composite is revealed to be conductivity rather than intrinsic capacity.
Room temperature NO2 sensing: what advantage does the rGO–NiO nanocomposite have over pristine NiO?
Authors: Zhang Jian , Zeng Dawen , Zhao Shiqian , Wu Jinjin , Xu Keng , Zhu Qiang , Zhang Guozhu , Xie Changsheng
Published: May 2015

The inverse room-temperature gas-sensing behavior of NiO and rGO–NiO in different ranges of NO2 concentration.
DYNAMERS: dynamic polymers as self-healing materials
Authors: Roy Nabarun , Bruchmann Bernd , Lehn Jean-Marie
Published: May 2015

An overview of recent advances made in the field of constitutional dynamic materials, in particular dynamic polymers, dynamers, displaying self-healing features.
Yttrium oxide modified Cu/ZnO/Al2O3catalysts via hydrotalcite-like precursors for CO2hydrogenation to methanol
Authors: Gao Peng , Zhong Liangshu , Zhang Lina , Wang Hui , Zhao Ning , Wei Wei , Sun Yuhan
Published: May 2015

The Cu/ZnO/Al2O3/Y2O3catalyst with Y3+ : (Al3++ Y3+) = 0.1 derived from hydrotalcite-like compounds exhibited the best catalytic performance with high stability.
Metal–support interactions in surface-modified Cu–Co catalysts applied in higher alcohol synthesis
Authors: Bordoloi Ankur , Anton Johan , Ruland Holger , Muhler Martin , Kaluza Stefan
Published: May 2015

Cu–Co-based model catalysts were prepared by a sophisticated alkali-free synthesis method and tested in the conversion of synthesis gas to higher alcohols. MoO3-coated alumina was used as the support, providing both high specific surface area and strongly interacting sites for the deposition of the active metals.
The influence of catalyst amount and Pd loading on the H2O2synthesis from hydrogen and oxygen
Authors: Gemo Nicola , Sterchele Stefano , Biasi Pierdomenico , Centomo Paolo , Canu Paolo , Zecca Marco , Shchukarev Andrey , Kordás Krisztián , Salmi Tapio Olavi , Mikkola Jyri-Pekka
Published: May 2015

Direct synthesis of H2O2: structure sensitivity in H2O2production and structure insensitivity in the H2O production were proved with a Pd/K2621 catalyst.
The interaction of Eu(iii) with organoborates – a further approach to understand the complexation in the An/Ln(iii)–borate system
Authors: Schott Juliane , Kretzschmar Jerome , Tsushima Satoru , Drobot Björn , Acker Margret , Barkleit Astrid , Taut Steffen , Brendler Vinzenz , Stumpf Thorsten
Published: May 2015

A combination of different spectroscopy techniques, DFT calculations and advanced data analysis explained the Eu(iii)–organoborate complexation.
Construction of hybrid films of silver nanoparticles and polypyridine ruthenium complexes on substrates
Authors: Kajikawa Azusa , Togashi Takanari , Orikasa Yuka , Cui Bin-Bin , Zhong Yu-Wu , Sakamoto Masatomi , Kurihara Masato , Kanaizuka Katsuhiko
Published: May 2015

Two types of hybrid films of AgNPs and ruthenium complexes are constructed via chemical bond formation and electroreductive polymerization.
Investigations on the catalytic carboxylation of olefins with CO2 towards α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acid salts: characterization of intermediates and ligands as well as substrate effects
Authors: Jevtovikj Ivana , Manzini Simone , Hanauer Matthias , Rominger Frank , Schaub Thomas
Published: May 2015

Mechanistic investigations on the nickel catalyzed carboxylation of different dienes and monoenes with CO2.
Controlled in situ reaction for the assembly of Cu(ii) mixed-ligand coordination polymers: synthesis, structure, mechanistic insights, magnetism and catalysis
Authors: Wang Xing-Po , Zhao Ya-Qin , Jagličić Zvonko , Wang Su-Na , Lin Shu-Jie , Li Xiao-Yi , Sun Di
Published: May 2015

Controlled in situ nucleophilic addition reaction results in two Cu(ii) mixed-ligand coordination polymers, and the one-step nucleophilic addition for in situ reaction is proposed.
Two macrocyclic polyamines as modulators of metal-mediated Aβ40aggregation
Authors: Yang Yanfei , Chen Tingting , Zhu Shajun , Gu Xuefang , Jia Xueping , Lu Yapeng , Zhu Li
Published: May 2015

L1 and L2 can inhibit the metal-induced Aβ40aggregation, attenuate neurotoxicity, suppress the intracellular ROS and protect against cell apoptosis.
A library approach to rapidly discover photoaffinity probes of the mRNA decapping scavenger enzyme DcpS
Authors: Xu Hua , Hett Erik C. , Gopalsamy Ariamala , Parikh Mihir D. , Geoghegan Kieran F. , Kyne Robert E. , Menard Carol A. , Narayanan Arjun , Robinson Ralph P. , Johnson Douglas S. , Tones Michael A. , Jones Lyn H.
Published: May 2015

A photoaffinity library expedited the discovery of a site-specific DcpS probe.
A cost effective approach for developing substrate stable TiO2nanotube arrays with tuned morphology: a comprehensive study on the role of H2O2and anodization potential
Authors: Joseph Shibu , Sagayaraj Pappu
Published: May 2015

The figure shows the FESEM image of the self-organized, highly ordered TiO2nanotube arrays formed with an anodization potential of 60 V employing 3 vol% of H2O2in an ethylene glycol electrolyte. The sample exhibited a maximum porosity of 88%.
Reasons for the yellowness of photocured samples by the benzophenone/1,3-benzodioxole photoinitiating system
Authors: Yang Jinliang , Shi Suqing , Nie Jun
Published: May 2015

Reasons for the yellowness in samples photocured by benzophenone/1,3-benzodioxole.
Structural aspects of phenylglycines, their biosynthesis and occurrence in peptide natural products
Authors: Al Toma Rashed S. , Brieke Clara , Cryle Max J. , Süssmuth Roderich D.
Published: May 2015

Phenylglycine-type amino acids occur in a wide variety of peptide natural products. Herein structures and properties of these peptides as well as the biosynthetic origin and incorporation of phenylglycines are discussed.
Synthesis of pretubulysin-derivatives via the TubUgi-approach
Authors: Hoffmann Judith , Gorges Jan , Junk Lukas , Kazmaier Uli
Published: May 2015

The Ugi reaction is a powerful tool for the synthesis of (pre)tubulysin derivatives, allowing the introduction of functionalized side chains.
Corrole and nucleophilic aromatic substitution are not incompatible: a novel route to 2,3-difunctionalized copper corrolates
Authors: Stefanelli M. , Mandoj F. , Nardis S. , Raggio M. , Fronczek F. R. , McCandless G. T. , Smith K. M. , Paolesse R.
Published: May 2015

Although corrole is an electron rich macrocycle, nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions can be used to peripherally elaborate this contracted porphyrinoid.
Comment on “Aqueous SET-LRP catalyzed with in situ generated Cu(0) demonstrates surface mediated activation and bimolecular termination” by S. Samanta, et al., Polym. Chem., 2015, 6, 2084
Authors: Harrisson S.
Published: May 2015

A recent paper proposed a new polymerization mechanism for aqueous SET-LRP, but experimental results are consistent with conventional radical propagation and termination.
Cu-catalyzed aerobic oxidative amidation of aryl alkyl ketones with azoles to afford tertiary amides via selective C–C bond cleavage
Authors: Ding Wen , Song Qiuling
Published: May 2015

Chemoselective cleavage of the C(CO)–C(alkyl) bond in aryl ketones leading to azole amides is disclosed. Aryl ketones with a variety of long-chain alkyl groups have been demonstrated to be active substrates and mechanism studies suggested that molecular oxygen serves both as an oxidant and a reactant in this strategy.
Heterogeneous Fenton catalysts for the abatement of organic pollutants from aqueous solution: a review
Authors: Nidheesh P. V.
Published: May 2015

Fenton processes have gained much attention in the field of wastewater treatment during recent years.
Morphological adjustment determines the properties of cationically polymerized epoxy resins
Authors: Arnebold A. , Thiel K. , Kentzinger E. , Hartwig A.
Published: May 2015

Method of integrating a crystalline polyester into an epoxy resin determines morphology and by this mechanical properties.
A quaternized mesoporous silica/polysulfone composite membrane for an efficient alkaline fuel cell application
Authors: Vijayakumar Elumalai , Sangeetha Dharmalingam
Published: May 2015

Mesoporous silica (SBA-15) was synthesized and quaternized. Composite membrane was fabricated using QSBA/QPsu and its performance was evaluated in alkaline fuel cell.
Evaluation of a novel biofuel from unwanted waste and its impact on engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics in a diesel engine
Authors: Teoh Y. H. , Masjuki H. H. , Noor I. M. , Ali B. Si , Kalam M. A. , How H. G.
Published: May 2015

The effect of a new biofuel source derived from waste palm oil mill effluent (POME) addition to diesel on engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics was investigated in a single-cylinder diesel engine.
Efficient near-infrared-emitting cationic iridium complexes based on highly conjugated cyclometalated benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives
Authors: Xin Lijun , Xue Jie , Lei Gangtie , Qiao Juan
Published: May 2015

Two efficient near-infrared-emitting cationic iridium complexes based on highly conjugated cyclometalated benzo[g]phthalazine derivatives were rationally designed and synthesized.
The assembly and photoelectronic property of reduced graphene oxide/porphyrin/phthalocyanine composite films
Authors: Zhang Meijuan , Yuan Bing , Kang Shi-zhao , Qin Lixia , Li Guodong , Li Xiangqing
Published: May 2015

By a layer-by-layer self-assembly method, reduced graphene oxide-based composite films with high photoelectronic activity were assembled with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(p-N,N,N-trimethylanilinium)porphyrin and copper sulfophthalocyanine as the co-sensitizers.
Low temperature synthesis of rutile TiO2single crystal nanorods with exposed (002) facets and their decoration with gold nanoparticles for photocatalytic applications
Authors: Bu Lijuan , Yang Wenjing , Ming Hai
Published: May 2015

TiO2single crystal nanorods (TNRs) with dominant (002) facets and the derivative, Au/TNRs, were prepared and investigated in a photocatalytic reaction.
A comparative study of ordered mesoporous carbons with different pore structures as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Saikia Diganta , Wang Tzu-Hua , Chou Chieh-Ju , Fang Jason , Tsai Li-Duan , Kao Hsien-Ming
Published: May 2015

Ordered mesoporous carbons CMK-3 and CMK-8 with different mesostructures are evaluated as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. CMK-8 possesses higher reversible capacity, better cycling stability and rate capability than CMK-3.
Iron-incorporated mesoporous silica for enhanced adsorption of tetracycline in aqueous solution
Authors: Zhang Ziyang , Lan Huachun , Liu Huijuan , Li Haiyan , Qu Jiuhui
Published: May 2015

The iron-incorporated influenced the adsorption of TC greatly and inner-sphere surface complexes formed between TC and the Fe(iii) on the adsorbent.
CVD synthesis of Cu2O films for catalytic application
Authors: Pan Guan-Fu , Fan Shi-Bin , Liang Jing , Liu Yue-Xi , Tian Zhen-Yu
Published: May 2015

Pure Cu2O was synthesized at 270 °C by pulsed-spray evaporation chemical vapor deposition.
Modification of a glassy carbon electrode with gold–platinum core–shell nanoparticles by electroless deposition and their electrocatalytic activity
Authors: Gowthaman N. S. K. , John S. Abraham
Published: May 2015

Gold@platinum core–shell nanoparticles were modified on a glassy carbon electrode by an electroless deposition method and then used for the electrocatalytic reduction of dioxygen and oxidation of hydrazine.
Study on advanced Ce0.9La0.1O2/Gd2Zr2O7 buffer layers architecture towards all chemical solution processed coated conductors
Authors: Zhao Y. , Ma L. , Wu W. , Suo H.-L. , Grivel J.-C.
Published: May 2015

Improvements of the surface quality in terms of crystallographic orientation and local flatness are achieved in a novel multi-layered structure Ce0.9La0.1O2/Gd2Zr2O7/NiW grown by all chemical solution routes.
A cost-effective, stable, magnetically recyclable photocatalyst of ultra-high organic pollutant degradation efficiency: SnFe2O4 nanocrystals from a carrier solvent assisted interfacial reaction process
Authors: Lee Kuan-Ting , Lu Shih-Yuan
Published: May 2015

SnFe2O4 nanocrystals, which are cost-effective, stable, and magnetically recyclable, exhibit ultra-high degradation efficiencies toward recalcitrant organic pollutants and are proven to be an extraordinary photocatalyst for Fenton-like processes for waste water treatment.
Ultrasmall single micelle@resin core–shell nanocarriers as efficient cargo loading vehicles for in vivo biomedical applications
Authors: Yang Yan , Song Xiaojie , Yao Yi , Wu Hao , Liu Jian , Zhao Yaopeng , Tan Mingqian , Yang Qihua
Published: May 2015

Ultrasmall core–shell nanocarriers (NCs) are believed to be ideal candidates for biological applications, as proved by silica-based core–shell NCs fabricated using a single micelle as a template.
Potential theranostic and multimodal iron oxide nanoparticles decorated with rhenium–bipyridine and –phenanthroline complexes
Authors: Carron Sophie , Bloemen Maarten , Vander Elst Luce , Laurent Sophie , Verbiest Thierry , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: May 2015

Two structurally similar nanoparticles were designed for multimodal imaging and possible radiotherapy.
Order–disorder phase transition coupled with torsion in tri-n-butylammonium trichloroacetate (TBAT)
Authors: Asghar Muhammad Adnan , Ji Chengmin , Zhou Yuelan , Sun Zhihua , Khan Tariq , Zhang Shuquan , Zhao Sangen , Luo Junhua
Published: May 2015

Tri-n-butylammonium trichloroacetate (TBAT), a novel hybrid material, undergoes a reversible phase transition around 196 K, which is triggered by torsion in the cations and the order–disorder transformations of both ions.
p-Type conducting transparent characteristics of delafossite Mg-doped CuCrO2 thin films prepared by RF-sputtering
Authors: Barnabé A. , Thimont Y. , Lalanne M. , Presmanes L. , Tailhades P.
Published: May 2015

The growth of technologically relevant compounds, Mg-doped CuCrO2 delafossite thin films, on a quartz substrate by radio-frequency sputtering is reported in this work.
Analysis of the intricate relationship between chronic inflammation and cancer
Authors: Chai Edna Zhi Pei , Siveen Kodappully Sivaraman , Shanmugam Muthu K. , Arfuso Frank , Sethi Gautam
Published: May 2015

Deregulated inflammatory response plays a pivotal role in the initiation, development and progression of tumours. Potential molecular mechanism(s) that drive the establishment of an inflammatory-tumour microenvironment is not entirely understood owing to the complex cross-talk between pro-inflammatory and tumorigenic mediators such as cytokines, chemokines, oncogenes, enzymes, transcription factors and immune cells. These molecular mediators are critical linchpins between inflammation and cancer, and their activation and/or deactivation are influenced by both extrinsic (i.e. environmental and lifestyle) and intrinsic (i.e. hereditary) factors. At present, the research pertaining to inflammation-associated cancers is accumulating at an exponential rate. Interest stems from hope that new therapeutic strategies against molecular mediators can be identified to assist in cancer treatment and patient management. The present review outlines the various molecular and cellular inflammatory mediators responsible for tumour initiation, progression and development, and discusses the critical role of chronic inflammation in tumorigenesis.
An Integrated Environmental Perspective on Software as a Service Adoption in Manufacturing and Retail Firms
Authors: Kung LeeAnn , Cegielski Casey G , Kung Hsiang-Jui
Published: May 2015

In this study, we examine the influence of a firm's environmental factors on its intention to adopt software as a service (SaaS). We operationalized our assessment of a firm's environmental pressures as mimetic, coercive and normative pressures and examined the moderating role of perceived technology complexity. Mimetic forces are pressures to copy or emulate other organizations’ activities, systems or structures. Coercive pressures are formal or informal pressures exerted on organizations by other organizations upon which they are dependent. Normative forces describe the effect of professional standards and the influence of professional communities on an organization. We empirically tested our research model using data from 289 valid survey responses. The results provide support for the assertion that there are both significant direct and interaction effects that influence a firm's SaaS adoption intention. Most important was the significant interaction effects between mimetic pressure and perceived technology complexity. This suggests that the complex relationships proposed by institutional theory and diffusion of innovation help to describe how environmental pressures and perceived technology complexity combine to affect intention to adopt an emerging technology. The theoretical contributions of this study are (i) we integrated, tested and validated mature theories in today's supply chain era with a new but rapidly diffusing technology, (ii) and we answered the call to include practical technology artifacts in information systems studies. From a practical perspective, through this work managers may develop a better understanding regarding environmental factors and whether or not they should consider these issues for their firm when formulating an intention to adopt SaaS.
Decay of bound states in a sine-Gordon equation with double-well potentials
Authors: Ali Amir , Susanto Hadi , D. Wattis Jonathan A.
Published: May 2015

We consider a spatially inhomogeneous sine-Gordon equation with a double-well potential, describing long Josephson junctions with phase-shifts. We discuss the interactions of symmetric and antisymmetric bound states in the system. Using a multiple scale expansion, we show that the modes decay algebraically in time due to the energy transfer from the discrete to the continuous spectrum. In particular, exciting the two modes at the same time yields an increased decay rate. An external time-periodic drive is shown to sustain symmetric state, while it damps the antisymmetric one.
Dynamics of a relativistic charge in the Penning trap
Authors: Yaremko Yurij , Przybylska Maria , Maciejewski Andrzej J.
Published: May 2015

We are interested in the motion of a classical charge within a processing chamber of a Penning trap. We examine the relativistic Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics without any approximations. We show that the radial and axial motions are non-linearly coupled to each other whenever the special relativity is taken into account. As the restoring quadruple potential has the axial symmetry, the dynamics of the system can be reduced to two degrees of freedom. If all the energy of a charge belongs to the axial oscillating mode, its time evolution is described by the nonlinear equation of motion for a simple pendulum. If the whole energy is accumulated in radial oscillating mode, the dynamical system resembles a double pendulum. We demonstrate that the Hamiltonian system is not integrable in the Liouville sense in the class of functions meromorphic in coordinates and momenta. Using Poincaré sections, we show that, in spite of the non-integrability, a large part of the phase space is filled by quasi-periodic solutions that encircle some periodic solutions. We determine numerically characteristic frequencies of these periodic solutions.
A method for the monitoring of metal recrystallization based on the in-situ measurement of the elastic energy release using neutron diffraction
Authors: Christien F. , Telling M. T. F. , Knight K. S. , Le Gall R.
Published: May 2015

A method is proposed for the monitoring of metal recrystallization using neutron diffraction that is based on the measurement of stored energy. Experiments were performed using deformed metal specimens heated in-situ while mounted at the sample position of the High Resolution Powder Diffractometer, HRPD (ISIS Facility), UK. Monitoring the breadth of the resulting Bragg lines during heating not only allows the time-dependence (or temperature-dependence) of the stored energy to be determined but also the recrystallized fraction. The analysis method presented here was developed using pure nickel (Ni270) specimens with different deformation levels from 0.29 to 0.94. In situ temperature ramping as well as isothermal annealing was undertaken. The method developed in this work allows accurate and quantitative monitoring of the recrystallization process. The results from neutron diffraction are satisfactorily compared to data obtained from calorimetry and hardness measurements.
Strong localization induced anomalous temperature dependence exciton emission above 300 K from SnO2 quantum dots
Authors: Pan S. S. , Li F. D. , Liu Q. W. , Xu S. C. , Luo Y. Y. , Li G. H.
Published: May 2015

SnO2 quantum dots (QDs) are potential materials for deep ultraviolet (DUV) light emitting devices. In this study, we report the temperature and excitation power-dependent exciton luminescence from SnO2 QDs. The exciton emission exhibits anomalous blue shift, accompanied with band width reduction with increasing temperature and excitation power above 300 K. The anomalous temperature dependences of the peak energy and band width are well interpreted by the strongly localized carrier thermal hopping process and Gaussian shape of band tails states, respectively. The localized wells and band tails at conduction minimum are considered to be induced by the surface oxygen defects and local potential fluctuation in SnO2 QDs.
The physical origin of dispersion in accumulation in InGaAs based metal oxide semiconductor gate stacks
Authors: Krylov Igor , Ritter Dan , Eizenberg Moshe
Published: May 2015

Dispersion in accumulation is a widely observed phenomenon in technologically important InGaAs gate stacks. Two principal different interface defects were proposed as the physical origin of this phenomenon—disorder induced gap states and border traps. While the gap states are located at the semiconductor side of the interface, the border traps are related to the dielectric side. The study of Al2O3, HfO2, and an intermediate composition of HfxAlyO deposited on InGaAs enabled us to find a correlation between the dispersion and the dielectric/InGaAs band offset. At the same time, no change in the dispersion was observed after applying an effective pre-deposition treatment which results in significant reduction of the interface states. Both observations prove that border traps are the physical origin of the dispersion in accumulation in InGaAs based metal-oxide-semiconductor gate stacks.
The study of frequency-scan photothermal reflectance technique for thermal diffusivity measurement
Authors: Hua Zilong , Ban Heng , Hurley David H.
Published: May 2015

A frequency scan photothermal reflectance technique to measure thermal diffusivity of bulk samples is studied in this manuscript. Similar to general photothermal reflectance methods, an intensity-modulated heating laser and a constant intensity probe laser are used to determine the surface temperature response under sinusoidal heating. The approach involves fixing the distance between the heating and probe laser spots, recording the phase lag of reflected probe laser intensity with respect to the heating laser frequency modulation, and extracting thermal diffusivity using the phase lag–(frequency)1/2 relation. The experimental validation is performed on three samples (SiO2, CaF2, and Ge), which have a wide range of thermal diffusivities. The measured thermal diffusivity values agree closely with the literature values. Compared to the commonly used spatial scan method, the experimental setup and operation of the frequency scan method are simplified, and the uncertainty level is equal to or smaller than that of the spatial scan method.
Emergence of q-statistical functions in a generalized binomial distribution with strong correlations
Authors: Ruiz G. , Tsallis C.
Published: May 2015

We study a symmetric generalization pk(N)(η,α) of the binomial distribution recently introduced by Bergeron et al., where η ∈ [0, 1] denotes the win probability and α is a positive parameter. This generalization is based on q-exponential generating functions (eqgenz≡[1+(1−qgen)z]1/(1−qgen); e1z=ez) where qgen = 1 + 1/α. The numerical calculation of the probability distribution function of the number of wins k, related to the number of realizations N, strongly approaches a discrete qdisc-Gaussian distribution, for win-loss equiprobability (i.e., η = 1/2) and all values of α. Asymptotic N → ∞ distribution is in fact a qatt-Gaussian eqatt−βz2, where qatt = 1 − 2/(α − 2) and β = (2α − 4). The behavior of the scaled quantity k/Nγ is discussed as well. For γ < 1, a large-deviation-like property showing a qldl-exponential decay is found, where qldl = 1 + 1/(ηα). For η = 1/2, qldl and qatt are related through 1/(qldl − 1) + 1/(qatt − 1) = 1, ∀α. For γ = 1, the law of large numbers is violated, and we consistently study the large-deviations with respect to the probability of the N → ∞ limit distribution, yielding a power law, although not exactly a qLD-exponential decay. All q-statistical parameters which emerge are univocally defined by (η, α). Finally, we discuss the analytical connection with the Pólya urn problem.
Linear mean free path and quadratic temperature dependence of electron-phonon scattering rate in V82Al18-xFex alloys at low temperature
Authors: Jana R. N. , Sinha S. , Meikap A. K.
Published: May 2015

We have reported a comprehensive study on temperature and disorder dependence of inelastic electron dephasing scattering rate in disordered V82Al18-xFex alloys. The dephasing scattering time has been measured by analysis of low field magnetoresistance using the weak localization theory. In absence of magnetic field the variation of low temperature resistivity rise follows the relation Δρ(T)∝−ρ05/2T, which is well described by three-dimensional electron-electron interactions. The temperature-independent dephasing rate strongly depends on disorder and follows the relation τ0−1∝le, where le is the electron elastic mean free path. The inelastic electron-phonon scattering rate obeying the anomalous relation τe−ph−1∝T2le. This anomalous behavior of τe−ph−1 cannot be explained in terms of current theories for electron-phonon scattering in impure dirty conductors.