bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da qualidade de vida de idosos com doença de Parkinson vinculados a um programa de atenção à saúde
Authors: Yamane Fernanda de Oliveira , Magalhães Luana Maria , Della-Santa Giovana , Santos Ana Paula
Published: March 2022

Introdução: do ponto de vista clínico, são muitos os elementos para a deterioração da qualidade de vida (QV) na Doença de Parkinson (DP). Objetivo: analisar a QV de idosos com DP vinculados a um programa de atenção à saúde do idoso. Metodologia: estudo transversal com 11 idosos com DP. A QV foi avaliada por meio do Parkinson’s Disease Questionary-39, a incapacidade através da Escala de Hoehn  Yahr modificada (HY). As partes I (estado mental), II (atividades da vida diária), III (motricidade) e IV (complicações da terapia) da Escala Unificada de Avaliação da Doença de Parkinson (UPDRS); o tempo de doença e o gênero foram considerados para análise. Resultados: a percepção da QV foi pior no domínio mobilidade e melhor no domínio estigma. Não houve diferença na QV entre os sexos. O tempo de doença influenciou a QV referente à comunicação nos homens (p = 0,02). Houve correlação (moderada a forte) entre a QV domínio cognição com a UPDRS IV (p = 0,04). As mulheres apresentaram correlação entre a QV domínio mobilidade e a HY (p = 0,05) e a III (p = 0,04) e entre a QV domínio atividade de vida diária e a HY (p = 0,02), II (p = 0,01) e III (p = 0,01); os homensentre a QV domínio suporte social e a II (p = 0,01). Conclusão: a percepção da QV de idosos com DP vinculados a um programa de saúde foi similar entre os sexos e permeia as funções corpóreas e atividades do dia-a-dia.
Manifestações bucais em portadores de epidermólise bolhosa residentes em um município baiano
Authors: De Souza Monique Gonçalves , Prado Fabio Ornellas
Published: March 2022

Introdução: A Epidermólise Bolhosa hereditária (EB) é uma doença rara, caracterizada por formações de bolhas na pele e nas mucosas que sofrem mínimos traumas ou aparecem espontaneamente. As principais divisões de EB são Epidermólise Bolhosa Simples, Epidermólise Bolhosa Juncional, Epidermólise Bolhosa Distrófica e a Síndrome de Kindler. As manifestações bucais geralmente encontradas nos pacientes com EB são as bolhas no epitélio oral, microstomia, anquiloglossia, doença periondontal, hipoplasia do esmalte, cárie dentária, atrofia da maxila e prognatismo mandibular, variando para cada tipo da doença. Objetivo: relatar as manifestações bucais dos portadores de Epidermólise Bolhosa residentes no município de Barra da Estiva. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo e descritivo que foi desenvolvido no município de Barra da Estiva – BA com a população de portadores de Epidermólise Bolhosa, através da realização de anamnese e exame clínico. Estatística descritiva foi utilizada para tabular os dados coletados. Resultado: foram analisados 5 portadores de Epidermólise Bolhosa, a maioria do sexo masculino (60%), com média de idade de 5,6 anos. As manifestações bucais encontradas foram bolhas orais (100%), anquiloglossia (100%), língua despapilada (100%), hipoplasia de esmalte (80%), cárie (40%) e abertura de boca limitada em média de 28,6 mm. Conclusão: os portadores de Epidermólise Bolhosa apresentaram manifestações orais características da doença, tendo como consequências maiores dificuldades para realizar higienização bucal e tratamento odontológico, sendo necessário conhecimento prévio dos cirurgiões-dentistas para o atendimento desses pacientes.
Potencial cariogênico e erosivo de xaropes infantis
Authors: Coutinho Luciene Souza , Moraes Daniela Costa , Campos Elisângela de Jesus
Published: March 2022

Introdução: doenças crônicas como asma brônquica, alergias respiratórias ou doenças agudas recorrentes, como gripes,frequentemente acometem as crianças. Tais condições exigem o uso de medicamentos, normalmente sob a forma de xaropes, que podem se apresentar como genéricos ou de referência. A alta concentração em sacarose e o baixo pH dessas formulações, assim como o uso noturno e a falta de higienização após sua administração, são alguns fatores que podem contribuir para o potencial cariogênico e erosivo desses medicamentos. Objetivo: o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar in vitro o potencial cariogênico e erosivo de xaropes infantis, de referência e genéricos, a partir de suas propriedades físico-químicas e identificar seus principais componentes a partir da análise de bulas e rótulos. Metodologia: foram analisados oito medicamentos de referência e os oito genéricos equivalentes, os quais foram avaliados quanto ao pH, a acidez titulável, a presença de sólidos solúveis totais (ºBrix) e a composição em sacarose econservantes através da análise de bulas e rótulos. Resultados: constatou-se que 75% da amostra apresentou pH abaixo do crítico para desmineralização do esmalte dentário. A presença da sacarose e do ácido cítrico foi observada em 43,75% dos medicamentos, especialmente entre aqueles com altos valores de titulação. Conclusão: a maioria dos medicamentos apresentou pH abaixo do pH crítico para dissolução do esmalte dentário, havendo uma ampla variação da acidez titulável. As bulas dos medicamentos não informavam quanto ao risco de erosão dentária e de cárie, apesar da presença de sacarose em algumas formulações
Triosephosphate isomerase of Streptococcus pneumoniae is released extracellularly by autolysis and binds to host plasminogen to promote its activation
Authors: Hirayama Satoru , Domon Hisanori , Hiyoshi Takumi , Isono Toshihito , Tamura Hikaru , Sasagawa Karin , Takizawa Fumio , Terao Yutaka
Published: March 2022

Recruitment of plasminogen is an important infection strategy of the human pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae to invade host tissues. In Streptococcus aureus, triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) has been reported to bind plasminogen. In this study, the TPI of S. pneumoniae (TpiA) was identified through proteomic analysis of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from a murine pneumococcal pneumonia model. The binding kinetics of recombinant pneumococcal TpiA with plasminogen were characterized using surface plasmon resonance (SPR, Biacore), ligand blot analyses, and enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Enhanced plasminogen activation and subsequent degradation by plasmin were also shown. Release of TpiA into the culture medium was observed to be dependent on autolysin. These findings suggest that S. pneumoniae releases TpiA via autolysis, which then binds to plasminogen and promotes its activation, thereby contributing to tissue invasion via degradation of the extracellular matrix.
Genetic spectrum in a cohort of patients with distal hereditary motor neuropathy
Authors: Wu Chengsi , Xiang Haijie , Chen Ran , Zheng Yilei , Zhu Min , Chen Shuyun , Yu Yanyan , Peng Yun , Yu Yaqing , Deng Jianwen , Zhou Meihong , Hong Daojun
Published: March 2022

Background

Distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN) is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterized by exclusive degeneration of peripheral motor nerves, while only 20.0–47.8% of dHMN patients are genetically identified. Recently, GGC expansion in the 5’UTR of NOTCH2NLC has been associated with dHMN. Accordingly, short tandem repeat (STR) should be further explored in genetically unsolved patients with dHMN.

Methods

A total of 128 patients from 90 unrelated families were clinically diagnosed as dHMN, and underwent a comprehensively genetic screening. Skin biopsies were conducted with routine protocols.

Results

Most patients showed chronic distal weakness of lower limbs (121/128), while 20 patients initially had asymmetrical involvements, 14 had subclinical sensory abnormalities, 11 had pyramidal impairments, five had cerebellar disturbance, and four had hyperCKmia. The rate of genetic detection was achieved in 36.7% (33/90), and the rate increased to 46.7% (42/90) if patients with variants uncertain significance were included. The most common causative genes included chaperone‐related genes (8/33, 24.2%), tRNA synthetase genes (4/33, 12.1%), and cytoskeleton‐related genes (4/33, 12.1%). Additionally, two dominant inherited families were attributed to abnormal expansion of GGC repeats in the 5‘UTR of NOTCH2NLC; and a patient with dHMN and cerebellar symptoms had CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene. Skin biopsy from patients with GGC expansion in NOTCH2NLC revealed typical intranuclear inclusions on histological and ultrastructural examinations.

Interpretations

This study further extends the genetic heterogeneity of dHMN. Given some dHMN patients may be associated with nucleotides repeat expansion, STR screening is necessary to perform in genetically unsolved patients.
Self‐Regulated Chemical Substitution in a Highly Strained Perovskite Oxide
Authors: You Lu , Wang Xin , Zhang Qinghua , Chi Xiao , Yang Ping , Hu Yiqi , Li Ping , Hui Qiang , Fang Liang , Gu Lin , Xu Bin , Wang Junling
Published: March 2022

Deterministic control of substitution sites is the holy grail of chemical engineering in materials science. The substitution of the dopants in the host crystal lattice usually obeys the empirical Hume‐Rothery rules, in which the mismatch of atomic size must be small and thus site‐specific. Herein, we report an unconventional case of mixed‐site substitution in highly‐strained BiFeO3 thin films. Driven by the delicate balance between chemical strain and epitaxial strain energies, the solid‐solution system demonstrates a self‐regulation behavior in dopant site occupancy to minimize the total free energy. This proposed mechanism offers valuable insight into the chemical substitution pathway in epitaxial thin films and provides a potential route to selectively control the substitution sites.
Construction of Highly Dispersed Ni Sites on N‐rich Carbon Nitride for Enhanced Photocatalytic NO Removal
Authors: Han Lixiao , Huang Jinming , Zhan Jin , Zhang Xiaohu , Wang Shengyao , Chen Hao
Published: March 2022

Intelligent active site engineering to harness photogenerated charge carriers and motivate surface reactions is at the core of catalysis. Herein, highly dispersed Ni sites are planted on C3N5, an N‐rich carbon nitride, by a facial two‐step annealing method to construct a Ni‐C3N5 material. The incorporation of Ni sites can significantly enhance the e–/h+ separation efficiency of C3N5 under light irradiation and promote the activation of O2 to produce reactive oxygen species. Compared with pristine C3N5 (with NO removal ratio of ≈35%), the as‐prepared 0.1‐ or 0.25‐Ni‐C3N5 material can remove ≈54% continuous‐flowing NO (initial concentration: 600 ppb) quickly in less than 25 min under white LED light irradiation. The long‐term photocatalytic performance demonstrates that the catalyst is stable without obvious attenuation in activity. The findings of the trapping experiments and in situ diffuse reflectance infrared fourier transform spectroscopy tests suggest that •O2− may mainly convert NO into NO2, while •OH and 1O2 play a significant role in the NO2 to NO3– conversion reaction. The present work brings new insights into the design of active sites on semiconductor photocatalytic materials for the treatment of NOx species.
Dinaphthotetrathienoacenes: Synthesis, Characterization, and Applications in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors
Authors: Jouclas Rémy , Liu Jie , Volpi Martina , Silva de Moraes Lygia , Garbay Guillaume , McIntosh Nemo , Bardini Marco , Lemaur Vincent , Vercouter Alexandre , Gatsios Christos , Modesti Federico , Turetta Nicholas , Beljonne David , Cornil Jérôme , Kennedy Alan R. , Koch Norbert , Erk Peter , Samorì Paolo , Schweicher Guillaume , Geerts Yves H.
Published: March 2022

The charge transport of crystalline organic semiconductors is limited by dynamic disorder that tends to localize charges. It is the main hurdle to overcome in order to significantly increase charge carrier mobility. An innovative design that combines a chemical structure based on sulfur‐rich thienoacene with a solid‐state herringbone (HB) packing is proposed and the synthesis, physicochemical characterization, and charge transport properties of two new thienoacenes bearing a central tetrathienyl core fused with two external naphthyl rings: naphtho[2,3‐b]thieno‐[2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′]thieno[2″,3″:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′‐b]naphtho[2,3‐b]thiophene (DN4T) and naphtho[1,2‐b]thieno‐[2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′]thieno[2′′,3′′:4′,5′]thieno[3′,2′‐b]naphtho[1,2‐b]thiophene are presented. Both compounds crystallize with a HB pattern structure and present transfer integrals ranging from 33 to 99 meV (for the former) within the HB plane of charge transport. Molecular dynamics simulations point toward an efficient resilience of the transfer integrals to the intermolecular sliding motion commonly responsible for strong variations of the electronic coupling in the crystal. Best device performances are reached with DN4T with hole mobility up to μ = 2.1 cm2 V−1s−1 in polycrystalline organic field effect transistors, showing the effectiveness of the electronic coupling enabled by the new aromatic core. These promising results pave the way to the design of high‐performing materials based on this new thienoacene, notably through the introduction of alkyl side‐chains.
Ultrawide Bandgap and Outstanding Second‐Harmonic Generation Response by a Fluorine‐Enrichment Strategy at a Transition‐Metal Oxyfluoride Nonlinear Optical Material
Authors: Wu Tianhui , Jiang Xingxing , Wu Chao , Hu Yilei , Lin Zheshuai , Huang Zhipeng , Humphrey Mark G. , Zhang Chi
Published: March 2022

The development of nonlinear optical (NLO) materials has been hindered by competing microstructure requirements: the need to simultaneously engineer a large hyperpolarizability (a large second‐harmonic generation (SHG)) and a wide HOMO–LUMO gap (a wide band gap). Herein, a non‐centrosymmetric transition‐metal (TM) oxyfluoride K5(NbOF4)(NbF7)2 (KNOF) with an extremely high F/O ratio is constructed in high yield. KNOF exhibits an extremely wide band gap (5.88 eV) and a strong powder SHG response (4.0×KH2PO4)—both being the largest values for TM‐centered oxyfluorides—as well as a birefringence sufficient for applications. The dominant roles of the partially fluorinated [NbO2F4] and totally fluorinated [NbF7] groups in achieving the enlarged band gap in KNOF have been clarified by first‐principles calculations. Our results suggest that maximizing the fluorine content of oxyfluorides may unlock the promise of short‐wavelength‐transparent materials with exceptional NLO performance.
Exploring two helical centrosymmetric homotetranuclear Cu (II) bis (salamo)‐based complexes
Authors: Li Ruo‐Yu , Dou Lin , Tong Li , Dong Wen‐Kui
Published: March 2022

Two helical centrosymmetric homotetranuclear Cu (II) complexes, [Cu4(L)2(EtOH)2](ClO4)2·2EtOH·2CHCl3(1)and [{Cu4(L)2(EtOH)2}{Cu4(L)2(HNO3)2}](NO3)4·3EtOH·3MeOH(2), were synthesized by the reactions of a symmetric bis (salamo)‐based ligand H3L with Cu(ClO)2·6H2O and Cu(NO)3·3H2O, respectively, and certified by elemental analyses, UV–Visible absorption spectra, infrared spectra and single‐crystal X‐ray analysis techniques. X‐ray crystal structure analyses reveal that four Cu (II) atoms of complex1are attached to two deprotonated ligand (L)3−units with the help of two coordinated ethanol molecules, and then forming a helical centrosymmetric complex by H‐bonding and π⋯π interactions. While complex2unit cell contains two crystallographically independent but chemically identical homotetranuclear complexes (moleculesAandB), eight Cu (II) atoms are coordinated by four deprotonated ligand (L)3−units. The coordination mode of four Cu (II) atoms from moleculeAis the same as complex1; at the same time, oxygen atoms on nitrates are involved in the coordination of another four Cu (II) atoms from moleculeB. The short‐range interactions in complexes1and2were calculated by Hirshfeld surfaces analyses. The molecular orbital energy levels, molecular stabilities of complexes1and2were analyzed by DFT calculations. In addition, antibacterial assays were also investigated in detail.
Systematics, distribution, biology, and conservation of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) in China
Authors: Liu Xiongjun , Liu Yueying , Wu Ruiwen , Zanatta David T. , Lopes‐Lima Manuel , Gonçalves Duarte V. , Bogan Arthur E. , Ouyang Shan , Wu Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

Freshwater mussels (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Unionida) have a broad global distribution on every continent except Antarctica. However, owing to human activities, the diversity of freshwater mussels is seriously globally threatened. China is an important global biodiversity hotspot for this fauna.

This article comprehensively reviews the 99 currently recognized species in China, collating for the first time their systematics, distribution, life‐history traits, habitat preferences, conservation status, and main threats to suggest future management actions.

The review showed that the taxonomic status and species validity of many freshwater mussels are still not well resolved. The freshwater mussel diversity in the Yangtze River Basin is higher than that in other freshwater habitats in China. Life history characteristics and habitat preferences are poorly known for most species.

Only half of the total number of species in China have been assessed for their conservation status. Among those assessed, around half of them are threatened with extinction with more than 10% being considered as Data Deficient.

The key threats identified as potentially related to species declines are pollution, habitat loss and fragmentation, loss of access to host fishes and overharvesting of mussels or their host fishes.

The review shows that there is a strong geographical bias in the amount of knowledge available for freshwater mussels, with most of the available data being concentrated in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze basin. Almost no data are available for these taxa north of the Yellow River basin and in the west and south‐west regions of China.

To make future conservation and management more effective we suggest that efforts should be concentrated on: (i) increasing the amount of research on basic ecological and life‐history features, including growth, life‐span, reproductive cycle, host fish identification and habitat requirements of each species; (ii) establishing the interspecific and intraspecific genetic diversity patterns of Chinese freshwater mussels, to clarify their taxonomy, systematics and phylogeny, and to understand the phylogeography and population structure of each species; and (iii) urgently establishing protected areas for fish and mussels in locations of high species richness, such as Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake, and also in regions with high levels of endemism or genetic uniqueness, such as Guangxi Province, Yunnan Province and Heilongjiang Province. In addition, the need for habitat restoration and the conservation of freshwater mussels has become urgent in China, and an integrated systematic conservation and management plan should be developed and effectively implemented.
Understanding Electrolyte Filling of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrodes on the Pore Scale Using the Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Lautenschlaeger Martin P. , Prifling Benedikt , Kellers Benjamin , Weinmiller Julius , Danner Timo , Schmidt Volker , Latz Arnulf
Published: March 2022

Electrolyte filling is a time‐critical step during battery manufacturing that also affects battery performance. The underlying physical phenomena mainly occur on the pore scale and are hard to study experimentally. Therefore, here, the lattice Boltzmann method is used to study the filling of realistic 3D lithium‐ion battery cathodes. Electrolyte flow through the nanoporous binder is modelled adequately. Besides process time, the influences of particle size, binder distribution, volume fraction and wetting behavior of active material and binder are investigated. Optimized filling conditions are discussed by pressure‐saturation relationships. It is shown how the influencing factors affect the electrolyte saturation. The amount and distribution of entrapped residual gas are analyzed in detail. Both can adversely affect the battery performance. The results indicate how the filling process, the final electrolyte saturation, and also the battery performance can be optimized by adapting process parameters as well as electrode and electrolyte design.
Transcriptional profiling demonstrates altered characteristics of CD8+ cytotoxic T‐cells and regulatory T‐cells in TP53‐mutated acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Abolhalaj Milad , Sincic Viktor , Lilljebjörn Henrik , Sandén Carl , Aab Alar , Hägerbrand Karin , Ellmark Peter , Borrebaeck Carl A. K. , Fioretos Thoas , Lundberg Kristina
Published: March 2022

Background

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have limited effect from T‐cell‐based therapies, such as PD‐1 and CTLA‐4 blockade. However, recent data indicate that AML patients with TP53 mutation have higher immune infiltration and other immunomodulatory therapies could thus potentially be effective. Here, we performed the transcriptional analysis of distinct T‐cell subpopulations from TP53‐mutated AML to identify gene expression signatures suggestive of altered functional properties.

Methods

CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), conventional helper T cells (Th), and regulatory T cells (Tregs) were sorted from peripheral blood of AML patients with TP53 mutation (n = 5) and healthy donors (n = 3), using FACS, and the different subpopulations were subsequently subjected to RNA‐sequencing. Differentially expressed genes were identified and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was performed to outline altered pathways and exhaustion status. Also, expression levels for a set of genes encoding established and emerging immuno‐oncological targets were defined.

Results

The results showed altered transcriptional profiles for each of the T‐cell subpopulations from TP53‐mutated AML as compared to control subjects. IFN‐α and IFN‐γ signaling were stronger in TP53‐mutated AML for both CTLs and Tregs. Furthermore, in TP53‐mutated AML as compared to healthy controls, Tregs showed gene expression signatures suggestive of metabolic adaptation to their environment, whereas CTLs exhibited features of exhaustion/dysfunction with a stronger expression of TIM3 as well as enrichment of a gene set related to exhaustion.

Conclusions

The results provide insights on mechanisms underlying the inadequate immune response to leukemic cells in TP53‐mutated AML and open up for further exploration toward novel treatment regimens for these patients.
Cananginone Abrogates EMT in Breast Cancer Cells through Hedgehog Signaling
Authors: Bose Chandra , Das Ujjal , Kuilya Tapan Kumar , Mondal Joyanta , Bhadra Jhuma , Banerjee Priyanjalee , Goswami Rajib Kumar , Sinha Surajit
Published: March 2022

Cananginones, a family of linear acetogenins found as secondary metabolites in the plant kingdom, show cytotoxicity against several types of cancer cells. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of cananginone and its mechanism as an anti‐cancer agent. Our initial screening of Cananginone against HepG2, PC3, A549, and MCF7 cells showed anti‐cancer activities and is more potent against MCF7 cells, consistent with the previous report. Next, cell‐based assays have revealed that cananginone abrogates cancer stem cell renewal as well as Epithelial‐Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) and increased the ROS level beyond the threshold level thus reducing the viability of cancer cells. In the connection of Hh‐Gli to EMT, our study indicated that cananginone inhibits Gli1 in a non‐canonical pathway. Presumably, this is the first report on the inhibitory activity of cananginone in the Hh pathway and is different from Hh‐antagonists cyclopamine and GANT 61 considering the mechanism.
Custom double tray for a special impression technique for flabby maxillary residual ridge: Case report
Authors: Mostafa Aisha Zakaria Hashem , Alanazi Sarab Muzil , Almarshedy Samaher Mohammad
Published: March 2022

The construction of a removable dental prosthesis for patients with compromised residual alveolar ridges is a challenge for prosthodontists. Flabby anterior ridges and hypermobile tissues in completely edentulous arches require special considerations during prosthetic management, especially when natural dentations remain on the opposite side. Previous studies have revealed that the displacement of flabby tissue can be reduced during impressions by controlling the applied forces via changes in factors such as the tray design, scraping of impression trays, impression material, window technique, and seating velocity of the impressions. However, there may still be some forces applied during impression or there is no even space because there are no trays supporting the vinyl polysiloxane (VPS) impression material in the open window area. Using a custom double tray with even gap between these trays and injecting light body impression material may eliminate these forces and provide accuracy due to even space for the impression material. This article is a clinical report of a patient who presented with an anterior flabby maxillary edentulous ridge opposing the remaining anterior natural teeth. A custom double tray was fabricated using the principle of the window technique. The gap between the double trays allows mucostatic impressions of flabby ridge tissue to be made with accuracy. The maxillary single denture, which was made with a custom double tray, satisfied the patient.
Luminescent Surface‐Tethered Polymer Brush Materials
Authors: Poisson Jade , Hudson Zachary M.
Published: March 2022

Surface‐tethered polymers are unique molecular architectures that have been recently used in advanced sensors, electronics and biomedical applications. However, techniques for characterizing these materials in their surface‐tethered form remain limited. The incorporation of luminescent functionality into these materials has enabled new characterization methods, while also unlocking new applications in optoelectronics, stenography and sensing. Micron‐scale photolithography techniques have recently enabled the preparation of high‐resolution patterns, as well as architectures with unique photophysical properties. Herein, we provide an overview of the techniques used to prepare luminescent polymer brush materials and their applications in stimuli‐responsive sensors, cell adhesion materials, and optoelectronics. We also provide our perspective on the promising future uses of surface‐tethered polymers, as well as the short‐term challenges and opportunities in the field.
Fault classification based on variable‐weighted dynamic sparse stacked autoencoder for industrial processes
Authors: Dong Jie , Tu Yanan , Peng Kaixiang
Published: March 2022

Effective process monitoring and fault diagnosis are of great significance to the safe operation of industrial processes as production scale increases and production systems become more and more complex. Identifying fault types in complex industries by fault classification can help workers to determine the source of the fault as soon as possible, which is crucial to timely recover work. In this paper, a fault classification method based on a variable‐weighted dynamic sparse stacked autoencoder is proposed. First, considering the dynamic characteristics of process data, the input data are processed dynamically by a sliding window. Then, in the pre‐training stage, the weight of each variable is calculated by Fisher discriminant analysis for the reconstruction of the loss function. The sparse term is added to the loss function so that it can learn the effective representation of data in a harsh environment. Finally, the proposed method is applied to the Tennessee‐Eastman benchmark to evaluate the classification performance. The result shows the superiority of the proposed method.
Optimal subsampling for large‐sample quantile regression with massive data
Authors: Shao Li , Song Shanshan , Zhou Yong
Published: March 2022

To balance the explosive growth of data volume and limited budgets for computational resources, one of the popular methods is downscaling the data volume by subsampling a subdataset that inherits the relevant property of the full data. As an alternative to the mean regression model, the quantile regression model has been studied extensively when the data are independent and the data scale is medium. This article focuses on quantile regression with massive data where the sample size n (greater than in general) is extraordinarily large but the dimension d (smaller than 20 in general) is small. We first formulate the general subsampling procedure and establish the asymptotic property of the resultant estimator. Then, with the help of optimality criteria in experimental design, we derive two subsampling probabilities that are optimal in the sense of smallest asymptotic mean square error. Since the optimal subsampling probabilities depend on the full data estimator, we develop a two‐step optimal subsampling algorithm and study the consistency and asymptotic normality of the resultant estimator. The empirical performance of the optimal subsampling algorithm is evaluated with synthetic and real datasets.
Activation of autophagy reverses progressive and deleterious protein aggregation in PRPF31 patient‐induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived retinal pigment epithelium cells
Authors: Georgiou Maria , Yang Chunbo , Atkinson Robert , Pan Kuan‐Ting , Buskin Adriana , Molina Marina Moya , Collin Joseph , Al‐Aama Jumana , Goertler Franziska , Ludwig Sebastian E. J. , Davey Tracey , Lührmann Reinhard , Nagaraja‐Grellscheid Sushma , Johnson Colin A. , Ali Robin , Armstrong Lyle , Korolchuk Viktor , Urlaub Henning , Mozaffari‐Jovin Sina , Lako Majlinda
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Mutations in pre‐mRNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31), a core protein of the spliceosomal tri‐snRNP complex, cause autosomal‐dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). It has remained an enigma why mutations in ubiquitously expressed tri‐snRNP proteins result in retina‐specific disorders, and so far, the underlying mechanism of splicing factors‐related RP is poorly understood.

Methods

We used the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to generate retinal organoids and RPE models from four patients with severe and very severe PRPF31‐adRP, unaffected individuals and a CRISPR/Cas9 isogenic control.

Results

To fully assess the impacts of PRPF31 mutations, quantitative proteomics analyses of retinal organoids and RPE cells were carried out showing RNA splicing, autophagy and lysosome, unfolded protein response (UPR) and visual cycle‐related pathways to be significantly affected. Strikingly, the patient‐derived RPE and retinal cells were characterised by the presence of large amounts of cytoplasmic aggregates containing the mutant PRPF31 and misfolded, ubiquitin‐conjugated proteins including key visual cycle and other RP‐linked tri‐snRNP proteins, which accumulated progressively with time. The mutant PRPF31 variant was not incorporated into splicing complexes, but reduction of PRPF31 wild‐type levels led to tri‐snRNP assembly defects in Cajal bodies of PRPF31 patient retinal cells, altered morphology of nuclear speckles and reduced formation of active spliceosomes giving rise to global splicing dysregulation. Moreover, the impaired waste disposal mechanisms further exacerbated aggregate formation, and targeting these by activating the autophagy pathway using Rapamycin reduced cytoplasmic aggregates, leading to improved cell survival.

Conclusions

Our data demonstrate that it is the progressive aggregate accumulation that overburdens the waste disposal machinery rather than direct PRPF31‐initiated mis‐splicing, and thus relieving the RPE cells from insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates presents a novel therapeutic strategy that can be combined with gene therapy studies to fully restore RPE and retinal cell function in PRPF31‐adRP patients.
Differentiated instruction within senior secondary curriculum frameworks: A small‐scale study of teacher views from an independent South Australian school
Authors: Porta Tom , Todd Nicole
Published: March 2022

There is a paucity of research around Differentiated Instruction (DI) in Australian senior secondary education even though this approach has been shown to have the potential to cater for diverse learning needs in inclusive classrooms in other school contexts. Investigating how DI is understood and implemented by teachers in a senior secondary context will allow for a deeper insight into, and possible improvement in, teachers' knowledge and use of the DI approach. This qualitative study focussed on how four teachers from one school viewed DI and how they employed and documented DI practices in their senior secondary classrooms when catering for the needs of diverse learners. The teachers noted positive outcomes such as happy students and a sense of fulfilment for the teacher, as well as enablers for implementing DI effectively, including teacher collaboration and reflection. Challenges to effectively implementing DI were mentioned, such as a lack of time and large class sizes.
Future directions in hidradenitis suppurativa
Authors: Leiphart Paul , Kirby Joslyn S.
Published: March 2022

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the skin, previously thought to be rare. Currently, there is only one medication, adalimumab, approved for the treatment of HS by the US Food and Drug Administration. In recent years there has been a rapid growth in the quantity and quality of research of HS leading to a greater understanding of HS pathogenesis and therapeutic targets. This review aims to review medications being tested and applied towards HS treatment. There are several small molecules and biologics being evaluated. We will summarize the medications in active Phase II and III trials, with some of the relevant existing research supporting these investigational biologic and small‐molecule therapies.
Host phenology regulates parasite–host demographic cycles and eco‐evolutionary feedbacks
Authors: MacDonald Hannelore , Brisson Dustin
Published: March 2022

Parasite–host interactions can drive periodic population dynamics when parasites overexploit host populations. The timing of host seasonal activity, or host phenology, determines the frequency and demographic impact of parasite–host interactions, which may govern whether parasites sufficiently overexploit hosts to drive population cycles. We describe a mathematical model of a monocyclic, obligate‐killer parasite system with seasonal host activity to investigate the consequences of host phenology on host–parasite dynamics. The results suggest that parasites can reach the densities necessary to destabilize host dynamics and drive cycling as they adapt, but only in some phenological scenarios such as environments with short seasons and synchronous host emergence. Furthermore, only parasite lineages that are sufficiently adapted to phenological scenarios with short seasons and synchronous host emergence can achieve the densities necessary to overexploit hosts and produce population cycles. Host‐parasite cycles also generate an eco‐evolutionary feedback that slows parasite adaptation to the phenological environment as rare advantageous phenotypes can be driven extinct due to a population bottleneck depending on when they are introduced in the cycle. The results demonstrate that seasonal environments can drive population cycling in a restricted set of phenological patterns and provide further evidence that the rate of adaptive evolution depends on underlying ecological dynamics.
Effects of harvesting on subtidal kelp forests (Lessonia trabeculata) in central Chile
Authors: Bularz Bryan , Fernández Miriam , Subida María Dulce , Wieters Evie A. , Pérez‐Matus Alejandro
Published: March 2022

The systematic degradation of marine ecosystems is a global phenomenon that has important and diverse consequences including biodiversity loss and reduced ecosystem service provisions. In temperate regions, subtidal kelp forests are dominant ecosystems in rocky coasts, subjected to the influence of local‐scale stressors and regional environmental variation. For example, kelps within the Humboldt Current System are at risk of degradation from live‐harvesting by fisheries. However, limited information exists regarding the long‐term consequences of kelp harvesting, which, in turn, limits the ability to provide effective management and conservation efforts. Here, we examined the ecosystem‐level consequences of the artisanal subtidal Lessonia trabeculata fishery along the coast of central Chile during a 2‐year period, assessing (1) the change in adult and juvenile L. trabeculata density within harvested and nonharvested (control) plots (~90 m2), (2) the impact of L. trabeculata harvesting on reef fish and macroinvertebrate assemblages, and (3) the change in density of the most abundant L. trabeculata‐associated species. The experiment was conducted over a 2‐year period, from December 2016 to May 2019. Approximately 90% of L. trabeculata was removed by an experienced kelp fisherman in experimental plots. After 2 years, L. trabeculata and its associated community showed a lack of recovery in the harvested plots. Within these plots, the average abundance of the rock shrimp, Rhynchocinetes typus, and the herbivorous snail, Tegula tridentata, was greater than in nonharvested plots and the pattern persisted over the study period. The difference in abundance of associated species may be key to the (lack of) recovery of L. trabeculata forests. Our study highlights the impact of L. trabeculata harvesting on associated fauna; however, significant knowledge gaps remain regarding the capacity and time frame to reestablish the original biomass of L. trabeculata, as well as its associated fauna. The management of L. trabeculata fisheries needs to account for ecosystem‐wide impacts in order to better manage and protect vital coastal ecosystems.
Evaluation of vegetation indices and imaging spectroscopy to estimate foliar nitrogen across disparate biomes
Authors: Farella Martha M. , Barnes Mallory L. , Breshears David D. , Mitchell Jessica , van Leeuwen Willem J. D. , Gallery Rachel E.
Published: March 2022

The nitrogen content in plant foliar tissues (foliar N) regulates photosynthetic capacity and has a major impact on global biogeochemical cycles. Despite its importance, a robust, time, and cost‐effective methodology to estimate variation in foliar N concentration across globally represented terrestrial systems does not exist. Although advances in remote sensing data have enabled landscape‐scale foliar N predictions, improved accuracy is needed to effectively capture variation in foliar N across ecosystems. Airborne remote sensing imagery was analyzed in conjunction with ground‐sampled foliar chemistry data (n = 692), provided by the NEON, to predict foliar N at sites across the United States covering a variety of plant communities and climate types. We developed indices from novel two‐band combinations that predicted foliar N more accurately than existing indices (≈8% improvement across all sites and a 45% improvement in arid sites). Compared with two‐band indices, we increased accuracy and decreased bias of foliar N predictions by using full‐spectrum reflectance information and partial least squares regression (PLSR) models (R2 = 0.638; root mean square error = 0.440). Significant wavelengths included red edge (720–765 nm), near infrared (NIR) reflectance at 1125 nm, and shortwave infrared (SWIR) reflectance at 2050 and 2095 nm, which are regions indicative of foliar traits such as growth type (e.g., leaf area index with NIR) and photosynthetic parameters (e.g., chlorophyll and Rubisco with red and SWIR reflectance, respectively). With the confluence of rapid increases in computing power, several forthcoming or recently launched hyperspectral missions, and the development of large‐scale environmental research observatories worldwide, we have an exciting opportunity to estimate foliar N across larger spatial areas covering more diverse biomes than ever before. We anticipate that these predictions will prove to be invaluable in helping to constrain biogeochemical model uncertainties across a global range of terrestrial ecosystems.
Social‐ecological reflexivity of extractive industry governance? The case of the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative in Indonesia
Authors: Yanuardi Yanuardi , Vijge Marjanneke J. , Biermann Frank
Published: March 2022

The Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) sets standards to improve the governance of extractive industries and thereby stimulate sustainable development. Member countries implement this standard through a multi‐stakeholder group (MSG) which facilitates deliberation between government, civil society and business representatives. This deliberation could enable what we call ‘social‐ecological reflexivity’: the ability to reconfigure oneself in response to critical reflection on one's performance in governing not only the economic, but also the social and environmental dimensions of sustainable development. Such reflexivity is crucial for countries to not only comply with the EITI standard, but also improve governance quality to address the social and environmental impacts from extractive industries. Drawing on a fully operationalised conceptual framework, we analyse social‐ecological reflexivity in the implementation of the EITI in Indonesia, a country that is heavily impacted by extractive industries. We draw on content analysis of the MSG meeting minutes and EITI‐Indonesia reports between 2012 and 2019. We show that the EITI‐Indonesia has not (yet) generated deep social‐ecological reflexivity. First, there is limited recognition and rethinking of extractive industry governance and no real response in the form of governance reforms. Second, there are even signs of what we call ‘anti‐reflexivity’, whereby members of the multi‐stakeholder group ignore and resist public debates around the negative impacts from extractive industries. In analysing the different components and degrees of reflexivity around the EITI‐Indonesia, the article provides vital insights into the (study of) conditions under which global norms such as the EITI find meaning in and affect specific contexts.
Heterobimetallic Ln(III)‐Containing Materials Based on One‐Dimensional Aurophilic Chains of Gold(I) Dithiolate Dimers and Their Vapochromic Response to DMF
Authors: Pells Jefferson A. , Guan David , Leznoff Daniel B.
Published: March 2022

The synthesis, characterization, X‐ray structures and luminescence of a series of lanthanide coordination polymers containing anionic gold(I) iso‐maleonitriledithiolate units ([Au2(i‐mnt)2]2−; {Au2[S2C=C(CN)2]2}2−) are described. Crystals of (nBu4N)Ln(DMF)8[Au2(i‐mnt)2]2 (Ln=Gd, Tb, Eu) contain 1‐D aurophilic chains of [Au2(i‐mnt)2]2− units and DMF‐saturated Ln(III) cations. The Ln=Gd and Tb systems are emissive, with λmax=596 and 625 nm respectively, attributable to the aurophilic chains. The luminescence intensities and emission energies qualitatively correlate to the local concentration of DMF vapour, where emission‐quenched (nBu4N)Ln(DMF)5[Au2(i‐mnt)2]2 is formed upon sample removal from a DMF atmosphere for 24 hours; the emissive species was regenerated by exposure to fresh DMF vapour. A similar turn‐on luminescence effect was also observed when a quenched sample of (nBu4N)Tb(DMF)5[Au2(i‐mnt)2]2 powder was exposed to pyridine, resulting in emission with λmax=625 nm. Structure‐property correlations show that the emission maximum is influenced not only by the intermolecular Au−Au distances but also by a combination of the Au−Au−Au angles and other geometric factors in the [Au2(i‐mnt)2] units.
Noncooperative multiagent game model for the electricity market on the basis of the renewable energy portfolio standard
Authors: Zhao Wenhui , Fan Shuwen , Hou Jiansheng , Yu Jinlong
Published: March 2022

In China, after the revision of the renewable energy policy, transactions among the main parties involved in the electricity market are becoming increasingly complicated. Nevertheless, the impact of the Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard (RPS) on market equilibrium has not been studied so far. Hence, in this study, a noncooperative multiagent game model for the electricity market was developed on the basis of the recently released RPS and by considering various factors, such as green certificate transactions and the changing of the selling entities. The improved firefly algorithm was used to solve the model, and problematic gaming was analyzed empirically. Once the new RPS is implemented, the price of bound electricity will become higher than that of nonbound electricity, and the trading volume of bound electricity will increase. Because fossil energy producers will no longer be responsible for the electricity quotas, their electricity trading volumes will now be more related to the market demand than they were earlier. Renewable energy companies will increase their revenues by reducing their bound electricity sales. If the RPS increases the electricity quota ratios, the costs incurred by electricity sales companies and large power users will also increase, leading the electricity sales companies to reduce their electricity trading volumes. The study findings will help analyze the impacts of implementing the RPS and provide a basis and a reference for policymakers to make improvements to the standard in the future.
Cable‐like V2O5 Decorated Carbon Cloth as a High‐Capacity Cathode for Flexible Zinc Ion Batteries
Authors: Wang Yingchao , Jiang Guangshen , Zhang Zhuo , Chen Hanchu , Li Yutong , Kong Debin , Qin Xin , Li Yanyan , Zhang Xinghao , Wang Hui
Published: March 2022

Rechargeable Zn‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage systems due to their non‐toxicity, low cost, and non‐flammability features. However, exploring flexible and high‐capacity devices with prominent cycling still remains a challenge for ZIBs. Herein, a flexible and binder‐free carbon cloth coated by V2O5 (namely, CC@V2O5) cathode material is prepared through a simple solvothermal method. The cable‐like CC@V2O5 provides abundant active sites and highways for electrons transport. Meanwhile, the layered structure of V2O5 can also facilitate zinc ion diffusion. The galvanostatic intermittent titration technique indicates that the zinc‐ion diffusion coefficient of CC@V2O5 is much higher than that of the commercial V2O5. As a result, the CC@V2O5 exhibits excellent electrochemical performance and outstanding bendability arising from the synergistic effect between porous V2O5 and carbon cloth, in terms of a remarkable discharge capacity (296 mAh g−1 at 3 A g−1), superior rate capability (241 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), and long‐term stability with a capacity retention of 87.1% over 2200 cycles. The novel strategy proposed in this study may provide guidance for exploiting high‐performance flexible systems and wearable energy storage systems.
Solvent Reduced Extrusion‐Based Anode Production Process Integrating Granulate Coating, Drying, and Calendering
Authors: Wiegmann Eike , Kwade Arno , Haselrieder Wolfgang
Published: March 2022

A novel electrode production process, based on a minimal solvent content, is developed for highly viscous water‐based graphite anodes, using a solid mass content of 50% or more compared to conventionally processed anodes. The electrode paste is prepared by mixing the solids with solvent inside of a twin‐screw extruder. Afterward, the extrudate is cut with a strand pelletizer to granules. By inserting the granules into the gap of a two‐roller calender, the current collector foil is coated directly. It is shown that the highly viscous pastes are capable of extended storage stability over several weeks, whereby a temporal and local decoupling of paste preparation and electrode manufacturing can be realized. To enable this innovative electrode processing, a combined development incorporating a selection of new anode binder materials, machinery design, and process parameters has been essential due to strong material‐process interaction, as known in the field of battery electrode production. Because the binder is exposed to greater shear stresses and a short duration time during extrusion mixing, the selection of novel anode binder materials is particularly important. This then needs to be combined with machine design and process parameter optimization, in order to establish this innovative electrode processing method.