bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Leader Punishment and Cooperation in Groups: Experimental Field Evidence from Commons Management in Ethiopia
Authors: Kosfeld Michael , Rustagi Devesh
Published: February 2015

We conduct a social dilemma experiment in which real-world leaders can punish group members as a third party. Despite facing an identical environment, leaders are found to take remarkably different punishment approaches. The different leader types revealed experimentally explain the relative success of groups in managing their forest commons. Leaders who emphasize equality and efficiency see positive forest outcomes. Antisocial leaders, who punish indiscriminately, see relatively negative forest outcomes. Our results highlight the importance of leaders in collective action, and more generally the idiosyncratic but powerful roles that leaders may play, leading to substantial variation in group cooperation outcomes. (JEL C93, D03, O13, Q23)
Systemic Risk and Stability in Financial Networks
Authors: Acemoglu Daron , Ozdaglar Asuman , Tahbaz-Salehi Alireza
Published: February 2015

This paper argues that the extent of financial contagion exhibits a form of phase transition: as long as the magnitude of negative shocks affecting financial institutions are sufficiently small, a more densely connected financial network (corresponding to a more diversified pattern of interbank liabilities) enhances financial stability. However, beyond a certain point, dense interconnections serve as a mechanism for the propagation of shocks, leading to a more fragile financial system. Our results thus highlight that the same factors that contribute to resilience under certain conditions may function as significant sources of systemic risk under others. (JEL D85, E44, G21, G28, L14)
Overconfidence in Political Behavior
Authors: Ortoleva Pietro , Snowberg Erik
Published: February 2015

This paper studies, theoretically and empirically, the role of overconfidence in political behavior. Our model of overconfidence in beliefs predicts that overconfidence leads to ideological extremeness, increased voter turnout, and stronger partisan identification. The model also makes nuanced predictions about the patterns of ideology in society. These predictions are tested using unique data that measure the overconfidence and standard political characteristics of a nationwide sample of over 3,000 adults. Our numerous predictions find strong support in these data. In particular, we document that overconfidence is a substantively and statistically important predictor of ideological extremeness, voter turnout, and partisan identification. (JEL C83, D03, D72, D83)
Bankruptcy as Implicit Health Insurance
Authors: Mahoney Neale
Published: February 2015

This paper examines the implicit health insurance that households receive from the ability to declare bankruptcy. Exploiting multiple sources of variation in asset exemption law, I show that uninsured households with a greater financial cost of bankruptcy make higher out-of-pocket medical payments, conditional on the amount of care received. In turn, I find that households with greater wealth at risk are more likely to hold health insurance. The implicit insurance from bankruptcy distorts the insurance coverage decision. Using a microsimulation model, I calculate that the optimal Pigovian penalties are three-quarters as large as the average penalties under the Affordable Care Act. (JEL D14, H51, I13, K35)
Introduction: 2014 Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Operations Research and the Management Sciences
Authors: Bell Peter , Milne R. John
Published: February 2015

This special issue of Interfaces is devoted to the finalists of the 43rd annual competition for the Franz Edelman Award for Achievement in Operations Research and the Management Sciences, the profession’s prestigious award for the practice of operations research and business analytics. As in previous years, the six finalists this year cover a wide range of industries and functions.
The Who-To-Follow System at Twitter: Strategy, Algorithms, and Revenue Impact
Authors: Goel Ashish , Gupta Pankaj , Sirois John , Wang Dong , Sharma Aneesh , Gurumurthy Siva
Published: February 2015

The who-to-follow system at Twitter is an algorithmic data product that recommends accounts for Twitter users to follow. Building the system involved algorithmic, analytics, operational, and experimental challenges; operations research and analytics techniques played a key role in resolving these challenges. This product has had significant direct impact on Twitter’s growth and the quality of its user engagement, and has also been a major driver of revenue. More than one-eighth of all new connections on the Twitter network are a direct result of this system, and a substantial majority of Twitter’s revenue comes from its promoted products, for which this system was a foundation. To place this contribution into perspective, Twitter is now a publicly traded company with a market capitalization of more than $30 billion, projected annual revenue of close to $1 billion, and more than 240 million active users.
Optimizing Network Designs for the World’s Largest Broadband Project
Authors: Ferris Peter , Forbes Chris , Forbes Joe , Forbes Michael , Kennedy Paul
Published: February 2015

The national broadband network (NBN) is the largest public infrastructure project undertaken in Australia, and NBN Co is the government-owned company responsible for building the network. By using operations research, NBN Co expects to avoid more than $AUD1.7 billion in unnecessary construction and design costs on this $AUD36 billion project. At the beginning of this 10-year project, NBN Co divided the country into more than 3,000 fiber-serving-area modules (FSAMs), each covering approximately 2,500 premises, and will design and construct one FSAM each day. NBN Co contracted with Biarri Networks, an Australian commercial mathematics company, to optimize the design task. To accomplish this, Biarri created a fiber-optic network design (FOND) software product based on a network-flow mixed-integer programming engine. This engine minimizes the cost of materials and labor for each FSAM, subject to a variety of constraints, and provides a solution in less than five minutes. To date, more than 650 FSAM designs have been completed using FOND. This has saved NBN Co an estimated $AUD325 million in avoided construction cost, and the planning time per FSAM has decreased from 145 to 16 days.
Book Reviews
Authors: Rand Graham K.
Published: February 2015

In Book Reviews, we review an extensive and diverse range of books. They cover theory and applications in operations research, statistics, management science, econometrics, mathematics, computers, and information systems. In addition, we include books in other fields that emphasize technical applications. The editor will be pleased to receive an email from those willing to review a book, with an indication of specific areas of interest. If you are aware of a specific book that you would like to review, or that you think should be reviewed, please contact the editor. This is the last collection of book reviews edited by Graham Rand. He thanks the editor-in-chief of Interfaces, Srinivas Bollapragada, for giving him the opportunity to make this contribution to the journal, the publications staff at INFORMS, particularly Alice Mack and Kelly Kophazi, who have been so helpful, and all those who wrote the 116 book reviews that he commissioned during the past four years. The following books are reviewed in this issue of Interfaces, 45(1), January–February 2015: An Introduction to Traffic Flow Theory, Lily Elefteriadou; Sustainability Appraisal: Quantitative Methods and Mathematical Techniques for Environmental Performance Evaluation, Marina G. Erechtchoukova, Peter A. Khaiter, and Paulina Golinska; and Essays in Production, Project Planning and Scheduling: A Festschrift in Honor of Salah Elmaghraby, P. Simin Pulat, Subhash C. Sarin, Reha Uzsoy.
Mind matters: Developing skills and knowledge in postnatal depression
Authors: Grier Gemma , Geraghty Sadie
Published: February 2015

Depression is a condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is the highest cause of disease burden for women. Postnatal depression affects up to 25% of all childbearing women; however, its prevalence is often under-detected and under-diagnosed. Early screening and early intervention are integral in the prevention of postnatal depression. Preventive interventions focus on the efficacy of omega-3 supplements, physical activity and placentophagy practices. However, there is promising evidence regarding the efficacy of antidepressant therapy, increased social support, and technological-based psychological interventions in the prevention of postnatal depression.
Is Facebook an appropriate platform for professional discourse?
Authors: Power Alison
Published: February 2015

Facebook was founded in 2004 and is an online social networking service. There are over 31 million users in the UK, with more than 77 000 of these listing their occupation as nurse, midwife or health visitor. Historically, Facebook was used to supplement and enhance existing real-world relationships, rather than to access, communicate and disseminate professional information; however, with the growing popularity and accessibility of social media, could Facebook be used safely and effectively as a platform for professional discourse?
Is it the carrot or the stick?
Authors: Sporek Paulina Ewa
Published: February 2015

Student midwife Paulina Sporek discusses the value in mentors.
IMUK back to the future
Authors: Tomkins Jacqui
Published: February 2015

Jacqui Tomkins, chair of IMUK, discusses the challenges independent midwifery has faced in the past few years and looks to the future of the profession.
Placenta praevia: Diagnosis and management
Authors: Beddall Heidi
Published: February 2015

Placenta praevia occurs when the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment. It is often first diagnosed at the 20-week routine anomaly scan and affects approximately 1:200 women. Placenta praevia is associated with high levels of maternal morbidity and therefore presents a significant challenge for women and care providers. The management of this obstetric complication requires a multidisciplinary approach to antenatal diagnosis and monitoring, birth planning and postnatal care to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Acute effects of different stretching methods on static and dynamic balance in female football players
Authors: Amiri-Khorasani Mohammadtaghi , Gulick Dawn T
Published: February 2015

Background:

This study aimed to examine the effects of static, dynamic, combined (static and dynamic) and no stretching on the static and dynamic balance of female football players during warm-ups.

Methods:

Healthy female students (n=24; mean±SD age = 22.08±0.77 years; height = 159.75±5.37 cm; body mass = 59.76±5.48 kg) were randomised into four groups and undertook different pre-exercise warm-up protocols—i.e. static, dynamic, combined and no stretching—over four days. Static balance was assessed using the stork test and dynamic balance was tested using the star excursion balance test. All findings were normalised to the control group (no stretching) for better comparison.

Results:

Dynamic balance was improved after dynamic stretching compared with static stretching, and also after combined stretching compared with static stretching. Static balance was better after dynamic stretching compared with static stretching.

Conclusions:

Dynamic stretching resulted in improved static and dynamic balance performance. Therefore, warm-up tasks incorporating dynamic stretching may be beneficial for athletes.
Reliability of a digital weighing scale relative to the Nintendo Wii in measuring limb load asymmetry
Authors: Kumar Senthil NS , Joseph Leonard H , Omar Baharudin , Sulaiman Riza , Nor Hamdan MY , Htwe Ohnmar , Hamidun Nursalbiyah , Broadbent Suzanne
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims:

Limb load asymmetry (LLA) is common in clinical conditions related to the lower limbs such as degenerative joint disease, soft tissue injuries, joint replacements, amputations and stroke. However, the measurement of LLA is limited in clinical practice as the equipment used is expensive and not readily available in most health care settings. The digital weighing scale is proposed as an inexpensive alternative method of measuring LLA and the objective of this study was to investigate the reliability and accuracy of a digital weighing scale relative to the Nintendo Wii in measuring limb load asymmetry during static standing.

Methods:

Twenty-four participants (12 participants with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and 12 healthy participants) were recruited through convenient sampling from a public university teaching hospital. The participants were required to perform a quiet standing task during the measurement of LLA. The measurements were taken over three trials during both eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) resting conditions. LLA was measured in kilograms and computed with a symmetry index. Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) (3, 1) analysis, standard error of measurement and coefficient of variation were performed to assess reliability. The Bland-Altman plot was used to test the degree of agreement between digital weighing scales and the Nintendo Wii.

Results:

The digital weighing scale showed an excellent reliability of 0.983 and 0.988 in EC and EO conditions, respectively. The Bland-Altman plot showed good agreement between digital weighing scales and the Nintendo Wii in measuring LLA.

Conclusions:

The digital weighing scale is a reliable tool to measure LLA and has excellent potential to be used in clinical settings.
Blue Prescription: A single-subject design intervention to enable physical activity for people with stroke
Authors: Walter Tayler , Hale Leigh , Smith Cath
Published: February 2015

Background/Aims:

Adherence to long-term physical activity is low in stroke survivors despite evidence supporting the benefits of regular physical activity on health and wellbeing. The aims of this single-subject design study were to: i) determine whether Blue Prescription, a physiotherapy approach to increase physical activity, enabled adults with chronic stroke living in the community to engage in a physical activity of their choice for three months; ii) explore the benefits of the Blue Prescription intervention on self-reported quality of life, physical function and self-efficacy.

Methods:

A multiple-participant, two-phase (baseline followed by treatment) single-subject design study was repeated with adults (n=5) with chronic stroke. The time of baseline testing, follow-up outcome measurement and Blue Prescription visits were randomly assigned to each participant. Due to randomisation, the baseline phase spanned four to six weeks. The intervention phase had a duration of three months. Engagement in physical activity was recorded in a physical activity diary. Secondary outcome measures used included the European Quality of Life Scale, Stroke Impact Scale and Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire, which were completed at 15 random intervals over four and a half months.

Results:

All five participants maintained engagement in their chosen activity for three months. Participant 2 mostly showed significant improvements in the secondary outcome measures (p<0.05), while participant 4 showed a significant decline in the European Quality of Life Scale (p<0.05). No other significant results were found, although observable trends in secondary outcome measure scores were present.

Conclusions:

Blue Prescription appears feasible for engaging chronic stroke survivors in physical activity, although its effects on quality of life, physical function and self-efficacy are variable.
A novel in vitro wound biofilm model used to evaluate low-frequency ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement
Authors: Crone S. , Garde C. , Bjarnsholt T. , Alhede M.
Published: February 2015

Objective:

Bacterial biofilms remain difficult to treat. The biofilm mode of growth enables bacteria to survive antibiotic treatment and the inflammatory reaction. Low-frequency ultrasound has recently been shown to improve healing in a variety of settings. It is hypothesised that ultrasound disrupts the biofilm leaving bacteria more vulnerable to antiseptic or antibiotic treatment. The objective of this study is to develop a realistic model to elucidate the effect of ultrasound on biofilms.

Method:

A novel in vitro wound biofilm model was developed. Biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus were casted in a semi-solid agar gel composed of either tryptic soy broth (TSB) or a wound simulating media (WSM; composed of Bolton broth with blood and plasma), to resemble the non-surface attached aggregates. The model was used to evaluate the antibiofilm effect of an ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement device (UAW) in the presence of saline irrigation and treatment with a polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB)-containing antiseptic. Confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the effect of treatments on biofilm disruption and cell viability counting measured the antibacterial effects.

Results:

Confocal microscopy showed that application of 10 seconds of moderate-intensity UAW could effectively disrupt semi-solid biofilms grown on both media settings. This treatment only had a small effect on the cell viability. A 24-hour treatment with PHMB was able to reduce the number of bacteria but not eradicate the biofilm in both media settings. Interestingly, the efficacy of the PHMB antiseptic was significantly higher when applied on biofilms grown in the more complex WSM media. However, we found a significant improvement in reducing the number of viable bacteria grown on both media when applying UAW before administration of the PHMB solution. Applying UAW in the presence of PHMB further improved the efficacy.

Conclusion:

Using a realistic in vitro biofilm wound model, we show combining UAW with a PHMB-containing antiseptic has potential as an antibiofilm strategy in wound care.

Declaration of interest:

The manufacturer of the ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement device, Söring GmbH, Germany, has supported the ultrasound studies. The funding company had no role in the design, data collection, analysis, review, or approval of the manuscript.
Single-use negative pressure wound therapy for the treatment of chronic lower leg wounds
Authors: Schwartz J.A. , Goss S.G. , Facchin F. , Gendics C. , Lantis J.C.
Published: February 2015

Objective:

Lower extremity ulcers are caused by multiple disease processes and contribute to a high level of patient morbidity and health-care spending in the US. Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) has been used extensively for wound bed preparation. Our aim is to assess the efficacy of an affordable, low-profile single-use NPWT (single-use NPWT) on chronic lower extremity wounds that would usually be deemed too small or superficial for traditional NPWT.

Method:

A prospective pilot study was undertaken in which chronic lower extremity wounds were treated with single-use NPWT. Study visits were biweekly for primary contact dressing change, with the negative pressure unit being changed weekly. Biweekly assessments were made of wound appearance, surface area, depth, exudate amount, peri-wound skin integrity, and signs of clinical infection. Digital photography was performed at each visit. Patients with venous leg ulcers (VLUs) were treated with a 3-layer wrap. Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) were treated with off-loading shoes.

Results:

The study recruited 12 patients. There were 13 wounds in total; two DFUs, two traumatic/postoperative/pressure ulcers, and nine VLUs. DFUs decreased in size on average 62%, VLUs by 32%, and traumatic/postoperative/pressure wounds by 74%. The wound appearance became more favourable and the wound depth decreased with the use of single-use NPWT.

Conclusion:

Single-use NPWT is a suitable therapy for chronic lower extremity wounds. Single-use NPWT led to a decrease in wound size and depth, an increased amount of granulation tissue, and a high level of patient satisfaction, with a low complication rate.

Declaration of interest:

This study was funded by Smith & Nephew, Hull, UK. JC Lantis is a paid consultant for KCI, Smith & Nephew, Healthpoint and Macrocure. C Gendics is a paid consultant for Macrocure and ManukaMed.
Short Communication: Occurrence of leaf spot diseases on Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. caused by Curvularia species from Madhya Pradesh, India
Authors: AVASTHI SHUBHI , GAUTAM AJAY KUMAR , BHADAURIA REKHA
Published: February 2015

Avasthi S, GautamAK, Bhadauria R. 2015. Occurrence of leaf spot diseases on Aloe vera (L.) Burm.f. caused by Curvularia species from Madhya Pradesh, India. Biodiversitas 16: 79-83. During 2010-2011, occurrence of leaf spot diseases was observed on Aloevera plants grown in various nurseries of Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India. The typical disease symptoms were observed on the abaxialsurface, tips and spiny margins of leaves. Disease spots were sunken, dry, necrotic, dark maroon to dark brown in color. On the basis ofmorphological and microscopic characteristics of the fungus, two species of Curvularia i.e. Curvularia lunata and Curvularia ovoidea,were found to be associated with the leaf spot diseases. Kochâ€™s postulate was applied to confirm the causal organisms of the diseases.According to the literature, this is the first report of leaf spot disease on A. vera caused by Curvularia lunata from Madhya Pradesh, andthe first report of Curvularia ovoidea from India.
Lowlife: Men’s style and clothing in the Atlanta Punk scene
Authors: Speetjens Maile , F. José Blanco
Published: February 2015

From the late 1970s through the late 1980s, Atlanta, Georgia, played host to a thriving Punk scene that developed its own varied and unique way of navigating within both dominant hegemonic southern culture and the established Punk subcultural style. In terms of dress, the Atlanta scene featured elements of global Punk style such as spiked and studded leather jackets and brightly coloured Mohawks alongside regional-style variations. This article aims to shed light on the way the Atlanta Punk scene worked off a balance between the influence of global Punk fashion and locally initiated style trends that responded to the specific characteristics of youth cultures and society in the south of the United States. The beginning of the Atlanta Punk scene may be tied to the US debut of the Sex Pistols, who played the Great Southeast Music Hall on 5 January 1978. At the time of the concert Atlanta Punk rock fans did not yet constitute a particular subculture. After the seminal Sex Pistols concert, however, a Punk scene quickly developed in the neighbourhood of Little Five Points where two major Punk clubs, Metroplex and 688, were located. Newspaper and magazine articles of the period described the clothing choices of performers and fans emphasizing how Atlanta punks differentiated themselves from the conservative southern concert. Punk acts and fans adopted a variety of trends including the do-it-yourself (DIY) culture and a revival of rockabilly fashion, best demonstrated by the home-grown band The Restraints. Perhaps just as telling were specific elements that were absent from the scene such as skinhead motifs and any indication of gender interplay or androgynous clothing. An exception was singer Phreddy Vomit, who often wore feminine make-up and fur. This article narrates the early development and basic characteristics of the Atlanta Punk scene describing some of the venues and the clothing pieces present and absent from some of the local Punk acts and their fans.
Fashioning the fab four: The visual identities of the Beatles
Authors: Wilkins Charlotte , Inglis Ian
Published: February 2015

Many historical analyses of the cultural impact of the Beatles have noted, but failed to explore, the overall significance of the group’s visual imagery. In a decade when fashion and music became recognized as two of the principal elements in British popular culture and quickly developed into profitable global businesses, the group’s stylistic choices and modes of display became crucial components of its continuing story. Inspired by influences drawn from the United States, Liverpool, Hamburg, London and India, the Beatles presented a succession of visual identities that charted their transition from a local, semi-professional group of musicians to international arbiters of taste and style. Their manipulation of new and existing styles also paralleled the Beatles’ departure from a career built around a collective sensibility to one characterized by the rejection of uniformity and the demonstration of an unexpected independence.
Book Reviews
Authors: Bernstein Sara T. , Cole Shaun , Garcia Nancy , Kinley Tammy
Published: February 2015

Vampire Culture, Maria Mellins (2013) London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney: Bloomsbury, 149 pp. ISBN: 9780857850751, p/bk, $29.95

Punk Style by Sklar, Monica Sklar (2013) London and New York: Bloomsbury Academic, 173 pp. ISBN: 9781847884220, p/bk, £17.99

Are you Queer? Or are you just dressed well?

Queer Style, Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas (2013) United Kingdom: Bloomsbury Academic, 208 pp. ISBN-13: 9781847881960, p/bk, $29.95

Slogan T-Shirts: Cult and Culture, Stephanie Talbot (2013) London: Bloomsbury, 176 pp. ISBN: 9781408157541, p/bk, $34.95
¿Evaluación final o evaluación continua?: Un estudio sobre la valoración de los sistemas evaluativos por los estudiantes de lengua griega antigua
Authors: Vlachopoulos Dimitrios
Published: February 2015

El presente trabajo intenta investigar la aceptación de la evaluación continua por el alumnado de estudios clásicos. El estudio se realizó en nueve universidades españolas con la participación de 115 estudiantes de lengua griega antigua. Su particularidad reside en la naturaleza de las variables que tratamos de estudiar (sistemas de evaluación del alumnado universitario), del instrumento de recogida de información diseñado (cuestionario de valoración) y del objetivo básico de este trabajo, que no es otro que incluir la opinión de una muestra representativa de estudiantes de lengua griega antigua en los informes valorativos que redactan los expertos y la administración para los sistemas evaluativos en la educación superior. Tras uma primera aproximación de los resultados del estudio parece que la mayoría de los estudiantes están a favor de la evaluación continua y esta actitud no tiene que ver con la idiosincrasia de sus estudios, sino con factores externos, como, por ejemplo, la dedicación exclusiva a los estudios.
Mens manet: identidade e “outridade” nas Metamorfoses de ovídio
Authors: Santos Elaine Cristina Prado dos
Published: February 2015

Ovídio declara, nas Metamorfoses, que irá narrar as mudanças das formas, mutatas formas (Met.1.1), o que determinará o surgimento de novos corpos: noua corpora (Met.1.1-2), todavia sua intenção se dirige aos deuses: di ... adspirate meis... (Met.1.2-3). Por meio de uma múltipla conjunção de diversas transformações, o poeta latino desenvolve, na obra, a perpétua combinação do que persiste, mens, e do que perece, corpus, correspondendo, assim, ao enunciado do poema: a identidade de um ser transformado se manifesta em uma “outridade”. Pretende-se apresentar, neste artigo, um conceito de metamorfose com a finalidade de entender a proposta do poeta e demonstrar que há uma estrutura narrativa original nas Metamorfoses. Como conduta para formular uma conceitualização de metamorfose na obra ovidiana, o trabalho terá como alicerce os estudos de Chcheglóv (1979), Galinsky (1975), Marzolla (1979), Calvino (1993), Tronchet2 (1998) e Octavio Paz (1982).
Arqueologia e documentos escritos: relação contingente, ou conceitual e interpretativa
Authors: Sanches Pedro Luís Machado
Published: February 2015

A multiplicação de correntes interpretativas em arqueologia não parece ter abalado a bipartição entre arqueologia histórica e pré-histórica. A consideração de textos, ou de objetos e monumentos portadores de texto, segue sendo apenas o mais evidente sintoma da disparidade entre os estudos arqueológicos de sociedades que praticaram ou tiveram contato com a escrita (os estudos clássicos fornecem os exemplos mais notáveis) e os demais estudos arqueológicos. Diferentes gêneros de publicações acadêmicas apresentam estas disparidades de modos também diferentes e, por vezes, divergentes. O estudo que ora se apresenta tenta ser uma revalorização das publicações acerca de material específico ou de circunstâncias de achado específicas da arqueologia clássica como legítimos lugares de conceituação arqueológica e teorização em sentido amplo.
Entre imagens de prazer e de amizade: Afrodite na elegia grega arcaica
Authors: Ragusa Giuliana
Published: February 2015

Este artigo concentra-se na representação de Afrodite na poesia elegíaca grega arcaica. O corpus aqui traduzido e estudado é, lamentavelmente, pequeno, uma vez que a presença da deusa se atesta seguramente apenas em quatro poemas e três poetas – mais precisamente, em quatro fragmentos elegíacos: Mimnermo, Fr. 1 W; Sólon, Frs. 19 e 26 W; Anacreonte, Fr. 2 W2. Conforme pretendem mostrar estas páginas, a imagem de Afrodite nesse corpus não é uma e sempre a mesma, mas de múltiplas faces, integrando contextos elaborados pelas ideias de amizade (φιλία) e prazer (ἡδονή), combinadas, como é o caso dos fragmentos simposiásticos de Sólon (26 W) e Anacreonte, ou não – a ideia de prazer prevalecendo no fragmento gnômico de Mimnermo, e a de amizade na elegia de despedida de Sólon (19 W).
Édipo Rei: refletindo sobre a anagnórisis no âmbito da trama sofocliana
Authors: Leite Lettícia B.R.
Published: February 2015

O objetivo deste trabalho é refletir acerca do processo pelo qual a anagnórisis – apontada por Aristóteles, na Poética, como um dos elementos essenciais da estrutura dramática da tragédia - configura-se como tal ao longo da trama do Édipo Rei de Sófocles. Pretende-se estabelecer para tanto, um diálogo com as análises de alguns autores que se debruçaram sobre o texto do drama e que de diferentes formas, ajudam os leitores modernos a darem conta da riqueza que justifica a atenção que esse trabalho tem merecido ao longo de seus mais de 20 séculos de existência.
Amicus Plato, magis amica veritas: La función del examen crítico de las doctrinas precedentes en la constitución de la filosofía aristotélica
Authors: Di Camillo Silvana Gabriela
Published: February 2015

Contra a acusação de distorção, por Aristóteles, das doutrinas dos seus antecessores, sustentamos que a revisão histórica reflete uma abordagem metodológica de investigação filosófica. Acreditamos que há em Aristóteles uma dupla utilização das opiniões antigas: por um lado, ele as toma como ponto de partida para identificar as dificuldades e incorporar a verdade que possam conter; por outro, volta-se para elas, contando com novas ferramentas conceituais, para avaliar seus acertos e erros. É esse segundo movimento que lhe valeu a crítica de deformação das doutrinas anteriores. Nossa proposta é que a imposição de conceitos próprios não deve ser lida como uma distorção, mas como a exposição da uma solução particular para os problemas que os filósofos precedentes deixaram insolúveis, e que o exame dos antecessores, em especial das doutrinas de seu mestre, é de fundamental importância na própria constituição da filosofia de Aristóteles.
O lírico e a poética
Authors: Teixeira Francisco Diniz
Published: February 2015

Este texto é uma versão revista e ampliada de uma comunicação apresentada no XVI Congresso Nacional de Estudos Clássicos, promovido pela SBEC, em 2007. Neste trabalho são apresentadas algumas considerações sobre a teoria da derivação métrica, com a qual se travou contato na pesquisa realizada no mestrado, com a tradução da Ars metrica de Césio Basso. Recentemente, ao se retomar este assunto, ele foi relacionado aos teóricos da Poética Clássica, como uma possibilidade para esclarecer a natureza metricamente múltipla da lírica antiga.
Philia dans la Rhétorique d’Aristote et la Rhétorique à Alexandre
Authors: Chiron Pierre
Published: February 2015

Sur le sujet de la philia, nous allons essayer de montrer les conséquences doctrinales de certaines différences de point de vue, lesquelles tiennent soit au fait que des auteurs contemporains ont des options intellectuelles ou pratiques diferentes – c’est le cas entre Aristote et l’auteur de la Rhétorique à Alexandre – soit au fait que le même auteur, Aristote en l’occurrence, entre l’Éthique à Nicomaque et la Rhétorique, par exemple, a des projets différents. Au niveau méthodologique, par exemple, le développement de l’Éthique à Nicomaque sur l’amitié est influencé par la forme dialoguée, c’est-à-dire assez libre, et orienté en fonction des progrès de l’interlocuteur-lecteur ; celui de la Rhétorique est très systématique, organisé selon un schéma récurrent dans la partie consacrée aux passions, entièrement ordonné à la mise en œuvre de la passion traitée. Ce sera aussi l’occasion pour nous d’esquisser une étude de la philia qui ne se borne pas au champ sémantique de ce mot grec.
Ex ORIENTE INDIA (“Tanto bate até que se fura”)
Authors: Fonseca Carlos Alberto da
Published: February 2015

O artigo tem por objetivo rastrear as informações relativas à índia Antiga, constantes na Biblioteca, de Fócio, e recolhidas por esse autor a partir da leitura das obras de Filóstrato de Lemnos, Teofilato, Ctésias de Cnido, Arriano, Eudócia, Damáscio, Himério, Agatárquides de Cnido e Teodoreto. Retomam-se também as fontes que citam os encontros de Sócrates e de Alexandre com filósofos indianos. O artigo inclui uma amostragem do texto de Fócio, com a indicação de fatos diversos pertinentes à índia.
A ordem das palavras na sentença latina: pontos de interface no discurso metalinguístico antigo
Authors: Fortes Fábio da Silva
Published: February 2015

Marouzeau (1922) introduz a sua obra com a afirmação um tanto categórica, ainda que emblemática, de que a ordem das palavras em latim é livre, mas não indiferente. Considerando a particularidade do discurso metalinguístico antigo, temos como meta, nesse trabalho, contemplar as afirmações no âmbito da retórica (Quintiliano, Institutio oratoria 8-9), da filosofia (Sêneca, Epistulae ad Lucilium 100 e 114) e da gramática (Prisciano, Institutiones grammaticae 17), que embasem o relato da filologia clássica acerca da ordem das palavras em latim. Nesta investigação, consideramos, também, as interfaces e particularidades do discurso metalinguístico antigo, nesses três âmbitos, acerca do que, posteriormente, adquiriria autonomia epistemológica – a sintaxe da língua latina.
A definição de alegoria segundo os gramáticos e rétores gregos e latinos
Authors: Martinho Marcos
Published: February 2015

A definição de alegoria que predomina nos gramáticos e rétores gregos e latinos é aquela segundo a qual alegoria diz uma coisa e entende outra. Assim, investigo, em primeiro lugar, os gramáticos e rétores que se detêm, por exemplo, a discernir o que se diz e o que se entende, ou a explicar como a alegoria opera ao nível da dicção, isto é, das palavras, e como opera ao nível da intelecção, isto é, dos casos. Já a descrição, rara nos gramáticos e rétores, segundo a qual alegoria transfere palavras do caso próprio para o outro caso, muito se aproxima à descrição de metáfora. Assim, investigo, em segundo lugar, os gramáticos e rétores que ensinam, por exemplo, em que a alegoria se distingue da metáfora.
Evocados ou não, estarão presentes os deuses indianos no Ocidente?
Authors: Gonçalves João Carlos Barbosa
Published: February 2015

Esse artigo propõe algumas reflexões sobre a complexa rede de relações culturais que se estabeleceu a partir das práticas contemporâneas de yoga nas civilizações monoteístas. Percorrendo três momentos discursivos da tradição conhecida genericamente como yoga, observamos a importância do conceito de deus nessa tradição, para então investigar como é a penetração da perspectiva indiana desse conceito em cenários monoteístas. De fundamental importância para tais reflexões é o conceito de “negociação cultural”1, que busca apreender, no intercâmbio de duas culturas, a assimilação e a ressignificação dos elementos que são emprestados nas influências recíprocas.
Especificación de un modelo de agenda sociopolítica en torno a los conflictos hídricos y la pacificación retributiva
Authors: García Lirios Cruz , Carreón Guillén Javier , Mendoza Alboreida Daniela , Aguilar Fuentes José Alfonso , Hernández Valdés Jorge , Mejía Rubio Silvia , Estrada Maldonado Florencio Manuel
Published: February 2015

La relación en torno a las políticas de abastecimiento y los conflictos entre autoridades y usuarios es materia de análisis del presente trabajo el cual discute la construcción de una agenda sociopolítica a partir de especificar un modelo; considerando los marcos teóricos y conceptuales, así como el estado del conocimiento. En este sentido, dirimir las problemáticas derivadas del tandeo y el incremento de tarifas supone no sólo la ausencia de agresiones entre los actores, sino la emergencia de una cultura de la paz y la neutralidad de acciones que inhiban la espiral de violencia. Se trata de un sistema de valores y normas que incidirían en las creencias de escasez o abundancia de agua para con ello determinar percepciones y emociones de riesgo e incertidumbre que incentiven la participación civil ya no como beneficiarios de derechos a los recursos y servicios hídricos, sino como responsables sociales de anticipar conflictos, aminorar desencuentros y coadyuvar a la equidad retributiva como símbolo de justicia.
Inconvenientes de género en los reagrupamientos familiares hacia España: propuestas desde el Trabajo Social
Authors: Hervías Parejo Vanesa
Published: February 2015

Las personas inmigrantes en España logran mejorar su acceso al Sistema de Protección Social mediante la convivencia en familia. El estudio empírico realizado en una Unidad de Extranjería de la Comunidad Autónoma de Andalucía constata que, sin embargo, se producen desigualdades asociadas al género. Las mujeres inmigrantes encuentran más dificultades en el ejercicio del derecho a reagrupar debido a los puestos de trabajo que ocupan, a las responsabilidades en el ámbito privado, a la invisibilidad en los espacios públicos y a las trabas personales, sociales y administrativas impuestas desde los países de origen y en los países de acogida.
Conifer crown profile models from terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Ferrarese Jena , Affleck David , Seielstad Carl
Published: February 2015

Regional crown profile models were derived for three conifer species of the interior northwestern USA from terrestrial laser scans of eighty-six trees across a range of sizes and growing conditions. Equations were developed to predict crown shape from crown length for , , and from parametric curves applied to crown-length normalized laser point clouds. The 95th width percentile adequately described each crownâs outer limit; alternate width percentiles produced little profile shape variation. For and , a scaling parameter-modified beta curve gave the most accurate fit (using cross-validated Mean Absolute Error) to aggregated 95th width percentile points. For , beta and Weibull curves (equivalently modified) produced similar results. For all species, modified beta and Weibull curves fit crown points with less error than conic or cylindrical profiles. Crown profile curves were species-specific; interchanging among species increased error significantly. Laser-derived crown base metrics provided objectivity and consistency, but underestimated field-derived base heights through inclusion of dead branches. Profile curve parameters were not correlated with tree or stand characteristics suggesting that crown shape is not strongly conditioned by size and site factors. However, laser sampling necessarily favored more open growing conditions, potentially under-representing variations in crown shape associated with social position. Overall, Terrrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) lends itself to detailed measurements of external crown architecture with occlusion-imposed limits to characterization of internal features. Yet, the time and cost of collecting and processing individual tree data precludes use of TLS as a common field sampling tool.Pseudotsuga menziesiiPinus ponderosaAbies lasiocarpaP. menziesiiP. ponderosaA. lasiocarpa
Models for Prediction of 28-Day Concrete Compressive Strength
Authors: Rafi Muhammad Masood , Nasir Muhammad Murtaza
Published: February 2015

The design codes usually specify 28-day concrete compressive strength as design strength for reinforced concrete (RC) structures. Concrete specimens are cast and tested at 28 days to ensure compliance of concrete strength with the design requirements. Prediction of concrete strength can help in reducing waiting time and can result in speeding up construction activities. This paper presents prediction models for concrete compressive strength up to 28 days. The data of experimentally tested concrete cylinders were employed in the development of these models. The effects of cement chemical composition and fineness were included by defining two parameters in the models. The predictions are based on 7-day concrete strength. The proposed models provided good correlation with the observed concrete strength data. The models were also validated using the strength results of concrete mixes in the available literature. Generalized forms of the models have been suggested for cement brands available in Pakistan.
Measuring Mechanical Properties of Fillet Arc T-Welded Aluminum Alloy AA7xxx Extrusions Using Digital Image Correlation
Authors: Bruhis M. , Dabrowski J. , Kish J. R.
Published: February 2015

There has been an increasing interest in fabricating automotive components from copper (Cu)-lean 7xxx-series aluminum (Al) alloys because of their relatively high strength, toughness, energy absorption, weldability, and formability. Fusion arc welding is a preferred process to join these alloys to other Al alloys during assembly. A study was undertaken to characterize the mechanical (tensile-shear) response of single-sided fillet arc T-welded joints between Cu-lean AA7xxx extrusions and AA6063 sheet made using the gas metal arc-welding (GMAW) process and ER5356 filler wire. Strain measurements were made using an ARAMIS system based on digital image correlation (DIC). An upper-bound analysis (UBA) was conducted to derive an empirical model of the upper-bound strength of the arc-welded joints. The good agreement between the predicted and experimental results shows that the empirical model can be used to evaluate the tensile-shear response of the dissimilar Al alloy arc-welded joint.
Webern’s Angels
Authors: Pedneault-Deslauriers Julie
Published: February 2015

Anton Webern’s Two Songs, Op. 8 on Poems by Rainer Maria Rilke (1910-1926) stand at the intersection between the composer’s spiritual ideals involving a fascination for angels, his personal circumstances at the time of the songs’ composition, and the literary influences of Weininger, Balzac, and especially Rilke. The Lieder absorb the Rilkean notions of transcendence and “intransitive love,” themes developed in the novel The Notebooks of Malte Laurids Brigge, the source of Webern’s texts. According to Rilke, lovers access the higher spiritual realm of angels by forsaking (rather than yearning for) proximity and possession. This concept resonates with the relationship Webern crafts between the chamber orchestra and the vocal line, one that eludes the goals it projects and expresses quasi-intangible motivic connections that dematerialize as soon as they form. The Op. 8 songs represent a turning point that reverberated throughout Webern’s personal and spiritual life: the promise of transcendence that Rilke’s poems held was couched in terms that echoed the hardships and rewards of his relationship with his future wife and, at the same time, resonated with the composer’s religious and artistic morals.
COMPETITIVE POWER OF TURKEY IN MARITIME TRADE AND TAXATION OF THE ITEMS OF INCOME EARNED BY THE FOREIGN-BASED TAXPAYER INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Serim Nilgün
Published: February 2015

The maritime trade is of serious significance for Turkey, when considered together with the surrounding seas. Turkish maritime trade must be supported through tax incentives.In our study, first, the taxation grounds for the proceedings obtained in Turkey by the foreign maritime transport institutions that are included within scope of foreign-based taxpayers; and then, the taxation of the laying days, days of demurrage, counter-laying fees, dispatch money (incentives for quickening) raised by the foreign maritime transport institutions, and other elements of proceedings raised by the foreign maritime transport institutions within scope of foreign-based taxpayers will be discussed and the grounds for taxation will be examined.
ÖĞRENME, ÖRGÜTLERDE ÖĞRENME, ÖĞRENEN ORGANİZASYONLAR TERİMLERİNİN TANIMI VE KAVRAMSAL AYIRIM
Authors: Tan Fatma Zehra
Published: February 2015

Bilgi çağında yaşadığımız bu dönemde işletmeler için en önemli rekabet unsurlarından birisi bilgi ve öğrenme olgusu olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İşletmelerin bilgi düzeyi öğrenme ile oluşmaktadır. Öğrenme, örgütsel öğrenme ve öğrenen organizasyonlar kavramları bu bağlamda işletmeler için önem arz eden kavramlardır. Çalışmamızda bu terimler ile ilgili literatür taraması yapılarak ana hatları ile tanımlanması hedeflenmiştir.
Effects of GH replacement therapy on thyroid volume and nodule development in GH deficient adults: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Curtò Lorenzo , Giovinazzo Salvatore , Alibrandi Angela , Campennì Alfredo , Trimarchi Francesco , Cannavò Salvatore , Ruggeri Rosaria Maddalena
Published: February 2015

Objective

Despite the well-known effects of GH/IGF1 signaling on the thyroid, few data are available on the risk of developing nodular goiter in hypopituitary subjects during GH replacement therapy (GHRT). We aimed to define the effects of GH therapy on thyroid volume (TV) and nodular growth.

Design

The records of 96 subjects (47 males and 49 females, median age 48 years) with GH deficit (GHD) were investigated. Seventy also had central hypothyroidism (CH). At the time of our retrospective evaluation, median treatment duration was 5 years.

Results

Pre-treatment TV was smaller in GHD patients than in healthy subjects (P=0.030). During GH treatment, TV significantly increased (P=0.016 for the entire group and P=0.014 in euthyroid GHD patients). Before starting GH therapy, 17 patients harbored thyroid nodules. During GH therapy, nodule size increased slightly in seven patients, and new thyroid nodules occurred in nine patients. Among the 79 patients without pre-existing thyroid nodules, 17 developed one or more nodules. There was no difference in the prevalence of CH in GHD patients with or without thyroid nodules (P=0.915; P=0.841, when patients with pre-therapy nodular goiter were excluded), the main predictor for nodule development being serum IGF1 (P=0.038).

Conclusions

GHRT is associated with TV's increase in GHD patients. Thyroid nodules developed in 27% of patients, mainly in relation to pre-therapy IGF1 levels, independently of normal or impaired TSH stimulation.