bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solar ultraviolet light collector for germicidal irradiation on the moon
Authors: Lombini Matteo , Schreiber Laura , Albertini Roberto , Alessi Elisa Maria , Attinà Primo , Bianco Andrea , Cascone Enrico , Colucci Maria Eugenia , Cortecchia Fausto , De Caprio Vincenzo , Diolaiti Emiliano , Fiorini Mauro , Lessio Luigi , Macchi Alberto , Malaguti Giuseppe , Mongelluzzo Giuseppe , Pareschi Giovanni , Pelizzo Maria G. , Pasquarella Cesira
Published: May 2023

Prolonged human-crewed missions on the Moon are foreseen as a gateway for Mars and asteroid colonisation in the next decades. Health risks related to long-time permanence in space have been partially investigated. Hazards due to airborne biological contaminants represent a relevant problem in space missions. A possible way to perform pathogens’ inactivation is by employing the shortest wavelength range of Solar ultraviolet radiation, the so-called germicidal range. On Earth, it is totally absorbed by the atmosphere and does not reach the surface. In space, such Ultraviolet solar component is present and effective germicidal irradiation for airborne pathogens’ inactivation can be achieved inside habitable outposts through a combination of highly reflective internal coating and optimised geometry of the air ducts. The Solar Ultraviolet Light Collector for Germicidal Irradiation on the Moon is a project whose aim is to collect Ultraviolet solar radiation and use it as a source to disinfect the re-circulating air of the human outposts. The most favourable positions where to place these collectors are over the peaks at the Moon’s poles, which have the peculiarity of being exposed to solar radiation most of the time. On August 2022, NASA communicated to have identified 13 candidate landing regions near the lunar South Pole for Artemis missions. Another advantage of the Moon is its low inclination to the ecliptic, which maintains the Sun’s apparent altitude inside a reduced angular range. For this reason, Ultraviolet solar radiation can be collected through a simplified Sun’s tracking collector or even a static collector and used to disinfect the recycled air. Fluid-dynamic and optical simulations have been performed to support the proposed idea. The expected inactivation rates for some airborne pathogens, either common or found on the International Space Station, are reported and compared with the proposed device efficiency. The results show that it is possible to use Ultraviolet solar radiation directly for air disinfection inside the lunar outposts and deliver a healthy living environment to the astronauts.
Identification of novel interacts partners of ADAR1 enzyme mediating the oncogenic process in aggressive breast cancer
Authors: Binothman Najat , Aljadani Majidah , Alghanem Bandar , Refai Mohammed Y. , Rashid Mamoon , Al Tuwaijri Abeer , Alsubhi Nouf H. , Alrefaei Ghadeer I. , Khan Muhammad Yasir , Sonbul Sultan N. , Aljoud Fadwa , Alhayyani Sultan , Abdulal Rwaa H. , Ganash Magdah , Hashem Anwar M.
Published: May 2023

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtype is characterized by aggressive clinical behavior and poor prognosis patient outcomes. Here, we show that ADAR1 is more abundantly expressed in infiltrating breast cancer (BC) tumors than in benign tumors. Further, ADAR1 protein expression is higher in aggressive BC cells (MDA-MB-231). Moreover, we identify a novel interacting partners proteins list with ADAR1 in MDA-MB-231, using immunoprecipitation assay and mass spectrometry. Using iLoop, a protein–protein interaction prediction server based on structural features, five proteins with high iloop scores were discovered: Histone H2A.V, Kynureninase (KYNU), 40S ribosomal protein SA, Complement C4-A, and Nebulin (ranged between 0.6 and 0.8). In silico analysis showed that invasive ductal carcinomas had the highest level of KYNU gene expression than the other classifications (p < 0.0001). Moreover, KYNU mRNA expression was shown to be considerably higher in TNBC patients (p < 0.0001) and associated with poor patient outcomes with a high-risk value. Importantly, we found an interaction between ADAR1 and KYNU in the more aggressive BC cells. Altogether, these results propose a new ADAR-KYNU interaction as potential therapeutic targeted therapy in aggressive BC.
Development of a gold nanoparticle-based lateral flow immunoassay for the fast detection of diafenthiuron in cabbage and apples
Authors: Chen Yunhui , Zhang Hongyu , Ding Hongliu , Sun Maozhong , Xu Chuanlai , Guo Lingling
Published: May 2023

Diafenthiuron has a favorable insecticidal activity widely used in pest control for the crops. Based on a novel hapten design, a GNP-based lateral flow immunoassay was developed for the detection of diafenthiuron residues in cabbage and apple.
Radioluminescence from polymer dots based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence
Authors: Asanuma Daiki , Minh Nguyen Hieu Thi , Liu Zuoyue , Tojo Sachiko , Shigemitsu Hajime , Yamaji Minoru , Kawai Kiyohiko , Mori Tadashi , Kida Toshiyuki , Pratx Guillem , Fujitsuka Mamoru , Osakada Yasuko
Published: May 2023

We demonstrate that polymer dots doped with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) molecules clearly exhibit blue radio-luminescence upon hard X-ray and electron beam irradiation, which is a new design for nano-sized scintillators.
Decoration of boron nanoparticles on a graphene sheet for ammonia production from nitrate
Authors: Ingavale Sagar , Marbaniang Phiralang , Palabathuni Manoj , Kale Vaibhav Namdev , Mishra Nimai
Published: May 2023

Schematic representation of favorable active sites of amorphous boron for the NO3RR on a B@GO catalyst.
Modulation of plasmonic chiral shell growth on gold nanorods via nonchiral surfactants
Authors: Gao Xinshuang , Zheng Qiang , Li Hanbo , Zhang Chenqi , Cai Rui , Ji Yinglu , Hu Zhijian , Wu Xiaochun
Published: May 2023

By tuning counter anions of achiral surfactants in chiral growth, we synthesized island shell plasmonic nanostructures with strong chiroptical responses.
Vertical van der Waals heterojunction diodes comprising 2D semiconductors on 3D β-Ga2O3
Authors: Leblanc Chloe , Herath Mudiyanselage Dinusha , Song Seunguk , Zhang Huairuo , Davydov Albert V. , Fu Houqiang , Jariwala Deep
Published: May 2023

Vertical heterojunctions based on 3D wide band-gap semiconductor, β-phase Ga2O3 and 2D layered semiconductors are demonstrated. Effects of 2D semiconductor, contact metals and β-Ga2O3 crystalline orientation on junction performance are investigated.
Fine tuning of electrosynthesis pathways by modulation of the electrolyte solvation structure
Authors: Dorchies Florian , Grimaud Alexis
Published: May 2023

This Perspective article highlights how mastering the electrolyte structure, both in bulk and at the electrochemical interface, can provide an additional level of control for the rational design of electrosynthetic routes.
A focus on aromaticity: fuzzier than ever before?
Authors: Ottosson Henrik
Published: May 2023

The field of aromaticity has grown extensively in recent decades, and new or unusual forms of aromaticity have been explored. But what exactly is aromaticity? It has always been a fuzzy and disputable concept, yet, is it now fuzzier than ever before?
Novel high-entropy layered double hydroxide microspheres as an effective and durable electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution
Authors: Li Shun , Tong Likai , Peng Zhijian , Zhang Bo , Fu Xiuli
Published: May 2023

High entropy oxygen evolution catalysts with high efficiency and long life.
Pyramided and optimized blurred shape model for plant leaf classification
Authors: Almodfer Rolla , Mudhsh Mohammed , Zhao Jifei
Published: May 2023

Plant leaf classification is a crucial task in the field of computer vision and pattern recognition, with various applications such as plant species identification and disease diagnosis. In this paper, the authors introduce the Pyramid Blurred Shape Model (PBSM) as a new descriptor for plant leaf classification. The PBSM extracts both shape and texture features from plant leaf images, which are combined to define a probability density function for leaf shape. Our experimental results show that the proposed PBSM achieves high classification accuracy, F1‐score, and precision‐recall results, demonstrating its effectiveness for leaf classification. However, extracting all available features from leaf images can lead to redundant and inessential features, which can degrade the classification performance and computational efficiency. To address this issue, the authors implement grey wolf optimization (GWO)‐based feature selection to identify the most informative features for classification. The final set of features is then classified using a list of selected classifiers, further enhancing the performance of the authors’ approach. The authors evaluate their proposed method on three publicly available datasets, namely the Middle European Woods (MEW), Swedish, and Flavia leaf datasets, and achieve high classification accuracies of 96.34%, 96.89%, and 92.41% for the Flavia, Swedish, and MEW leaf datasets, respectively. The authors’ approach outperforms state‐of‐the‐art descriptors in terms of classification accuracy and robustness, demonstrating its potential for real‐world applications. Overall, the authors’ proposed PBSM descriptor with feature selection provides a reliable and efficient solution for plant leaf classification. It can contribute to the development of automated plant species identification systems and disease diagnosis, thereby facilitating the conservation and protection of plant species.
The time profile of relativistic solar particle events as observed by neutron monitors
Authors: Musset Sophie , Klein Karl-Ludwig , Fuller Nicolas , Khreich Gaelle , Wargnier Antonin
Published: May 2023

The most energetic particles accelerated in solar eruptive events are protons and nuclei with energies that may reach a few tens of GeV. They can be detected on the Earth through the secondaries they produce when interacting with the atmosphere. Solar energetic particle events where this happens are called Ground-Level Enhancements (GLEs). Their study is relevant on the one hand because the high particle energies pose particularly strong challenges to the understanding of the acceleration processes. On the other hand, the secondary particles constitute a source of radiation in the atmosphere that may temporarily exceed the permanent dose rate from galactic cosmic rays. This makes the monitoring of radiation doses received by aircrew from GLEs one issue of space weather services for civil aviation. This study addresses the time profiles of GLEs, in the search for commonalities that can be used to constrain models of acceleration and propagation and to forecast the evolution of an ongoing event. We investigate historical GLEs (1971–2012) with the worldwide network of neutron monitors, comparing the rise and the decay as observed by the neutron monitor with the strongest response. The sample comprises 23 events. We evaluate statistical correlations between rise time and decay time inferred from fits to the time profiles and compute a normalised median GLE time profile. An empirical correlation reported in earlier work between the observed rise times and decay times of the neutron monitor count rate profiles is confirmed. We find indications of a statistical relationship between the rise times and the parent eruptive activity. We discuss ideas on the mechanisms behind the correlation of rise and decay times and on its usefulness for space weather services.
A Study on Time Scale Non-Shifted Hamiltonian Dynamics and Noether's Theorems
Authors: ZHANG Yi
Published: May 2023

The time-scale non-shifted Hamiltonian dynamics are investigated, including both general holonomic systems and nonholonomic systems. The time-scale non-shifted Hamilton principle is presented and extended to nonconservative system, and the dynamic equations in Hamiltonian framework are deduced. The Noether symmetry, including its definition and criteria, for time-scale non-shifted Hamiltonian dynamics is put forward, and Noether's theorems for both holonomic and nonholonomic systems are presented and proved. The non-shifted Noether conservation laws are given. The validity of the theorems is verified by two examples.
Was wissen Sie über … Gefäße?
Authors: Schmid Eva C.
Published: May 2023

Liebe Leser, testen Sie Ihr Wissen und frischen Sie Ihre Kenntnisse auf. Bitte kreuzen Sie jeweils eine Antwort an. Viel Spaß beim Beantworten wünscht Ihnen HP Eva C. Schmid!
Systemic Therapy of Premenopausal Patients with Early Stage Hormone Receptor-Positive, HER2-Negative Breast Cancer – Controversies and Standards in
Healthcare
Authors: Müller Volkmar , Fasching Peter A. , Nabieva Naiba , Fehm Tanja N. , Thill Marc , Schmidt Marcus , Kühn Thorsten , Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Belleville Erik , Juhasz-Böss Ingolf , Untch Michael , Kolberg Hans-Christian , Harbeck Nadia , Aktas Bahriye , Stickeler Elmar , Kreuzeder Julia , Hartkopf Andreas D. , Janni Wolfgang , Ditsch Nina
Published: May 2023

In patients with existing ovarian function, there are some special aspects to adjuvant endocrine therapy in premenopausal patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative (HR
pos./HER2 neg.) breast cancer. Treatment options include tamoxifen with or without a GnRH analog, and aromatase inhibitors with a GnRH analog. Furthermore, ovarian function is affected by
previous chemotherapy. Both aromatase inhibitors (+GnRH analogs) and GnRH analogs in combination with tamoxifen are supposed to be indicated for patients at increased risk of
recurrence.

However, national and international guidelines and therapy recommendations do not provide a clear definition of intermediate or high risk; as a result, therapy decisions are often made
for each patient on an individual basis. This is also reflected in the considerable variability at national and international levels, e.g., with regard to the use of aromatase inhibitors +
GnRH analogs.

This review summarizes the data on completed studies (e.g., SOFT, TEXT, EBCTCG meta-analyses) and the current multigene testing studies (TailorX, RxPonder, ADAPT), discusses the rationale
for current studies (e.g., CLEAR-B), and looks ahead to future questions.
Comparison of the Endoscopic Endonasal Approach with the Endoscopic Supraorbital Keyhole Approach to the Tuberculum Sellae Region: A Quantitatively Cadaveric Study
Authors: Zhu Junhao , Cong Zixiang , Yang Jin , Yuan Feng , Cai Xiangming , Tang Chao , Du Chaonan , Feng Dongxia , Ma Chiyuan
Published: May 2023

Background The endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) and the endoscopic supraorbital keyhole approach (eSKA) provide minimally invasive access to tuberculum sellae (TS) tumors. Evaluation of the operating maneuverability is helpful for approach selection. Herein, we compared the two approaches and aimed to provide quantitative anatomic data for surgical decision-making in the management of TS lesions.

Methods Fifteen dissections were performed on five silicone-injected cadaveric heads. The EEA and eSKA (both right and left) were performed on each head. Surgical freedom and working angles in the axial and sagittal planes were calculated using the stereotactic navigation system in the selected six targets: the midpoint of the leading edge of the sphenoid sinus (leSS), the midpoint of the edge of the dorsum sellae (eDS), the ipsilateral medial opticocarotid recess (imOCR), the contralateral medial opticocarotid recess (cmOCR), the ipsilateral lateral opticocarotid recess (ilOCR), and the contralateral lateral opticocarotid recess (clOCR).

Results The surgical freedom at the ilOCR and the axial working angles at the leSS, ilOCR, and imOCR (imOCR with excessive manipulation of the optic apparatus) were greater in the eSKA. The EEA provided greater surgical freedom and/or working angles at most targets than eSKA (the surgical freedom at the imOCR, cmOCR, clOCR, and eDS; the axial working angles at the cmOCR and clOCR; and the sagittal working angles at the leSS, imOCR, cmOCR, clOCR, and eDS).

Conclusion The EEA provides greater surgical freedom and working angles for paramedian lesions, whereas the eSKA provides better surgical maneuverability for lesions with lateral extension.
Additive Titanium Manufacturing to Repair Critically Sized Antebrachial Bone Defects in Two Dogs
Authors: Janssens S.D.S. , Willemsen K. , Magré J. , Meij B.P.
Published: May 2023

Recent developments in the medical field of additive manufacturing (AM) have allowed the creation of patient-specific porous titanium implants for use in the medical field. With correct pore size such scaffolds are able to be integrated into surrounding bone.

Two dogs were presented with atrophic non-union of the proximal ulna involving the elbow joint due to previous orthopaedic procedures with severe complications that led to segmental bone defects that were not expected to heal without a secondary intervention. Computed tomography (CT) was performed and porous scaffolds and saw guides were designed in silico and printed by AM. Osteotomies in adjacent healthy bone were guided by patient-specific three-dimensional (3D)-printed nylon saw guides allowing a perfect fit for the 3D-printed implant. In one case the scaffold was filled with bone morphogenic protein and held in place by two plates. In the other case the scaffold was filled with cancellous bone graft and held in place by a titanium plate that was part of the scaffold design. Both cases regained function and weight-bearing without lameness. Osseointegration of the implant was shown in both cases on follow-up CT and radiographs and macroscopically evident in the pores of the 3D implant after plate removal. One dog was euthanatized for unrelated disease and micro-CT revealed solid bone bridging through the inner scaffold tunnel.

This study showed the successful application of the design, fabrication and clinical use of a patient-specific 3D-printed titanium implant to repair segmental bone defects of the antebrachium in two dogs.
Faculty perceptions of unidentified aerial phenomena
Authors: Yingling Marissa E. , Yingling Charlton W. , Bell Bethany A.
Published: May 2023

Recently, former and current government officials, legislators, and faculty in the United States have called for research on what their government terms Unidentified Aerial Phenomena (UAP, now called Unidentified Anomalous Phenomena). Investigative journalism, military reports, new government offices, and scholarship have piqued broad attention. Other countries have begun conversations about UAP. The United States government is undertaking new hearings, reports, and investigations into UAP. What might the implications of this issue in academia be? Despite this topic’s associated stigma, these developments merited asking faculty about their perceptions. In this national study—which is the first to thoroughly examine faculty evaluations, explanations, and experiences regarding UAP of which the authors are aware—tenured and tenure-track faculty across 14 disciplines at 144 major research universities (N = 1460) participated in a survey. Results demonstrated that faculty think the academic evaluation of UAP information and more academic research on this topic are important. Curiosity outweighed scepticism or indifference. Overwhelmingly and regardless of discipline, faculty were aware of reports but not legislation. Faculty varied in personal explanations for UAP, and nearly one-fifth reported UAP observations. We discuss the implications of these results for the future of the academic study of UAP.
A year to remember?
Authors: Baker Paul
Published: May 2023

This paper describes the collection and analysis of the most recent edition of the Brown family, the BE21 corpus, consisting of 1 million words of written British English texts, published in 2021. Using the Coefficient of Variance, the frequencies of part of speech tags in BE21 are compared against the other four British members of the Brown family (from 1931, 1961, 1991 and 2006). Part of speech tags that are steadily increasing or decreasing in all five or the latest three corpora are examined via concordance lines and their distributions in order to identify long-standing and emerging trends in British English. The analysis points to the continuation of some trends (such as declines in modal verbs and titles of address), along with newer trends like the rise of first person pronouns. The analysis indicates that more general trends of densification, democratisation and colloquialisation are continuing in British English.
Vowel shifts in Middle Wichi (Mataguayan family, South America)
Authors: Nercesian Verónica , Arellano Nicolás
Published: May 2023

This paper analyzes vowel shifts in Wichi (Mataguayan, South America) between the 18th and early 20th centuries,
some of which contributed to the emergence of the Pilcomayeño and Bermejeño dialects. Based on a historical database and using the
comparative method, we date the vowel shift over the period we have named as Middle Wichi. At the early stage of
this period, the /e/ > /a/ lowering is analyzed as a sporadic change, spread across the dialects in part of the vocabulary. At
a later stage, the chain shift /ɑ/ > /o/ > /u/ > /e, i/, the merger of /u/ with /e/ and /i/, and the sporadic change of
/i/>/e/ lowering in some words took place in Bermejeño. The paper explores implications in the implementation of sound change,
the regular changes and the lexical diffusion, in particular, in chain shifting. It also explores some connections with other
Mataguayan languages in both the lowering e>a and the possible causes of the changes. Thus, the paper contributes to the
historical study of the Wichi language and the Mataguayan family in the Gran Chaco area in South America.
“Not all motherfuckers are MENA, but most MENA are motherfuckers”
Authors: Gómez-Camacho Alejandro , Hunt-Gómez Coral I. , Núñez-Roman Francisco , Esteban Adrián Neubauer
Published: May 2023

The number of unaccompanied foreign minors (Menor Extranjero No Acompañado, MENA) in Spain has
risen, which has led to them being the subject of discriminatory language and negative stereotyping on Twitter. This study
analyses the characteristics of hate speech against MENA on the social platform Twitter and seeks to identify its
triggers. A quantitative analysis using text mining and text analytics was performed on 10,776 tweets mentioning
MENA published from January 2018 to March 2021. The study concluded that hate speech was built around the
terms criminal, rape and steal, and was characterized by use of language that stripped these
minors of the features usually attributed to children, a process which can be described as adultification.
Similarly, the analysis revealed that the main trigger of hate speech was the way in which the media reported violent crimes
attributed to MENA, displaying what was perceived as positive bias towards their integration.
Use of statistical methods in translation and interpreting research
Authors: Han Chao , Lu Xiaolei , Zhang Peixin
Published: May 2023

The study reported on in the article examines the patterns and trends of statistical analysis in translation and
interpreting (T&I) research, based on a longitudinal quantitative analysis of more than 3300 research articles sampled from
eleven leading T&I journals (2000–2020). This evidence-based review is the first study to provide a systematic mapping of
statistical methods used by T&I researchers. Our analyses suggest that (a) about 40% of the articles use statistics, and the
use of statistics has been increasing over time; (b) the most frequently used inferential statistical techniques are the
t-test, Pearson’s correlation, and chi-squared test; and (c) although the use of statistical methods has
become increasingly diversified, about 90% of the methods used are basic-level statistics. We discuss these findings in relation
to statistical teaching and learning for relevant stakeholders, especially T&I researchers.
Emission rate of electron transport through a quantum point contact
Authors: Yin Y
Published: May 2023

Electron emissions in mesoscopic conductors are inherently correlated due to the Pauli exclusion principle. In this paper, we show that the correlation can be read from the electron emission rate. To demonstrate this, we concentrate on the electron emission in a single-channel quantum point contact (QPC). The emission can be driven by either a dc bias voltage or an unit-charged Lorentzian voltage pulse. In the case of dc bias voltage, the correlation is pronounced at both short and long times. The long-time correlation can be effectively suppressed by increasing the electron temperature and/or decreasing the transmission probability of the QPC. In contrast, the short-time correlation is much robust. As a consequence, the emission at high temperatures and/or low transmission probabilities can be treated as a Poisson process at long times, but follows a non-Poisson renewal statistics at short times. In the case of Lorentzian pulse, the correlation is much sensitive to the electron temperature. As the electron temperature increases, the electron emission evolves gradually from a non-renewal process at low temperatures to a time-dependent Poisson process at high temperatures.
Hausdorff and box dimensions of self-affine sets in a locally compact non-Archimedean field
Authors: Deng Yang , Li Bing , Qiu Hua
Published: May 2023

We consider affine iterated function systems in a locally compact non-Archimedean field

F

. We establish the theory of singular value decomposition in

F

and compute the box and Hausdorff dimensions of self-affine sets in

F

n

, in generic sense, which is an analogy of Falconer’s result for the real case. In

R

n

, the box and Hausdorff dimensions of self-affine sets can be obtained only when the norms of linear parts of affine transformations are strictly less than

1
2

. However, in a locally compact non-Archimedean field, the same result can be obtained without the restriction of the norms.
Essential proteins identification method based on four-order distances and subcellular localization information
Authors: Lu 卢 Pengli 鹏丽 , Zhong 钟 Yu 雨 , Yang 杨 Peishi 培实
Published: May 2023

Essential proteins are inseparable in cell growth and survival. The study of essential proteins is important for understanding cellular functions and biological mechanisms. Therefore, various computable methods have been proposed to identify essential proteins. Unfortunately, most methods based on network topology only consider the interactions between a protein and its neighboring proteins, and not the interactions with its higher-order distance proteins. In this paper, we propose the DSEP algorithm in which we integrated network topology properties and subcellular localization information in protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks based on four-order distances, and then used random walks to identify the essential proteins. We also propose a method to calculate the finite-order distance of the network, which can greatly reduce the time complexity of our algorithm. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of the DSEP algorithm with 11 existing classical algorithms to identify essential proteins with multiple evaluation methods. The results show that DSEP is superior to these 11 methods.
Classification and structural characteristics of amorphous materials based on interpretable deep learning
Authors: Cui 崔 Jiamei 佳梅 , Li 李 Yunjie 韵洁 , Zhao 赵 Cai 偲 , Zheng 郑 Wen 文
Published: May 2023

Defining the structure characteristics of amorphous materials is one of the fundamental problems that need to be solved urgently in complex materials because of their complex structure and long-range disorder. In this study, we develop an interpretable deep learning model capable of accurately classifying amorphous configurations and characterizing their structural properties. The results demonstrate that the multi-dimensional hybrid convolutional neural network can classify the two-dimensional (2D) liquids and amorphous solids of molecular dynamics simulation. The classification process does not make a priori assumptions on the amorphous particle environment, and the accuracy is 92.75%, which is better than other convolutional neural networks. Moreover, our model utilizes the gradient-weighted activation-like mapping method, which generates activation-like heat maps that can precisely identify important structures in the amorphous configuration maps. We obtain an order parameter from the heatmap and conduct finite scale analysis of this parameter. Our findings demonstrate that the order parameter effectively captures the amorphous phase transition process across various systems. These results hold significant scientific implications for the study of amorphous structural characteristics via deep learning.
Parameter calculation and result storage for phase-field simulation in α-Mg dendrite growth of Mg-5-wt% Zn alloy
Authors: Chen 陈 Wei-Peng 伟鹏 , Hou 侯 Hua 华 , Zhang 张 Yun-Tao 云涛 , Liu 柳 Wei 伟 , Zhao 赵 Yu-Hong 宇宏
Published: May 2023

Parameter calculation and result storage, as two necessary steps in phase-field simulation play an important role in ensuring the accuracy of simulation results. A strategy of parameter calculation and result storage is presented for phase-field simulation in α-Mg dendrite growth of Mg-5-wt% Zn alloy under isothermal solidification. Based on the phase diagram and empirical formulas, key parameters of the phase-field model, such as equilibrium partition coefficient k, liquidus slope m, solutal diffusion coefficient in liquid D
l, and solutal diffusion coefficient in solid D
s, can be obtained. Both structured grid method and structured point method can be used to store simulation results, but using the latter method will reduce about 60% storage space and 37.5% storage time compared with the former. Finally, convergent simulation results of α-Mg dendrite growth are obtained and they are in good agreement with the experimental results about optical micrograph, which verify the accuracy of parameters and stability of storage method.
Investigating the large signal phenomenon in single photo-electron measurements of the 20-inch MCP-PMT
Authors: Yang A. , Qin Z. , Wang Z. , Luo F. , Yi R.
Published: May 2023

In this paper, we investigated a large signal phenomenon (LSP) in single photo- electron (SPE) measurement of the 20-inch MCP-PMT. The LSP will cause a long tail of the PMT output charge spectrum, and it will affect the calculation of the number of photoelectrons (PEs) collected and the gain of the PMT. To evaluate the LSP of the 20-inch MCP-PMT, a parameterization method is developed, by measurement of the LSP distribution in the full photocathode of the PMT and study of LSP variation with different voltage ratios applied for the PMT.
Bioinspired, biobased and living material designs: a review of recent research in architecture and construction
Authors: Chayaamor-Heil Natasha , Perricone Valentina , Gruber Petra , Guéna François
Published: May 2023

This article provides an overview of recent advances in the development of nature-based material designs in architecture and construction fields. Firstly, it aims to classify existing projects and ongoing researches into three types: bioinspired, biobased and living building materials. Secondly, selected case studies absolving different functions in building, are analysed to identify new opportunities and contemporary challenges of different nature-based approaches. The main gaps are identified between the progression at a theoretical level in laboratories and real-world application. Particulary, the challenge is to implement existing and future bioinspired, biobased and living building materials in large scale designs and architectural contexts. The authors also discuss different aspects of the inspiration and the use of nature to improve better the design of materials properties, robustness, durability, including sustainable awareness. Finally, an outlook of promising avenues for future interdisciplinary research and specific questions associated with methods and techniques of implementation of the different types of bioinspired, biobased and living material designs and fabrications in architecture are highlighted.
The role of terrain-mediated hydroclimate in vegetation recovery after wildfire
Authors: Webb Ryan W , Litvak Marcy E , Brooks Paul D
Published: May 2023

Throughout communities and ecosystems both within and downstream of mountain forests, there is an increasing risk of wildfire. After a wildfire, stakeholder management will vary depending on the rate and spatial heterogeneity of forest re-establishment. However, forest re-establishment and recovery after a wildfire is closely linked to interactions between the temporal evolution of plant-available water (PAW) and spatial patterns in available energy. Therefore, we propose a conceptual model that describes spatial heterogeneity in long-term watershed recovery rate as a function of topographically-mediated interactions between available energy and the movement of water in the subsurface (i.e. subsurface hydrologic redistribution). As vegetation becomes re-established across a burned landscape in response to topographic and subsurface controls on water and energy, canopies shade the ground surface and reduce wind speed creating positive feedbacks that increase PAW. Furthermore, slope aspect differentially impacts the spatial patterns in regrowth and re-establishment. South aspect slopes receive high solar radiation, and consequently are warmer and drier, with lower standing biomass and greater drought stress and mortality compared to north aspect slopes. To date, most assessments of these impacts have taken a bulk approach, or an implicitly one-dimensional conceptual approach that does not include spatial heterogeneity in hydroclimate influenced by topography and vegetation. The presented conceptual model sets a starting point to further our understanding of the spatio-temporal evolution of PAW storage, energy availability, and vegetation re-establishment and survival in forested catchments after a wildfire. The model also provides a template for collaboration with diverse stakeholders to aid the co-production of next generation management tools to mitigate the negative impacts of future wildfires.
Radiation as the dominant cause of high-temperature extremes on the eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Tian Yinglin , Ghausi Sarosh Alam , Zhang Yu , Zhang Mingxi , Xie Di , Cao Yuan , Mei Yuantao , Wang Guangqian , Zhong Deyu , Kleidon Axel
Published: May 2023

Temperature extremes have been related to anomalies in large-scale circulation, but how these alter the surface energy balance is less clear. Here, we attributed high extremes in daytime and nighttime temperatures of the eastern Tibetan Plateau (ETP) to anomalies in the surface energy balance. We find that daytime high-temperature extremes are mainly caused by altered solar radiation, while nighttime ones are controlled by changes in downwelling longwave radiation. These radiation changes are largely controlled by cloud variations, which are further associated with certain large-scale circulations that modulate vertical air motion and horizontal cloud convergence. In addition, driven by a high-pressure system, strengthened downward solar radiation tends to decrease the snow albedo, which then plays an important role in reducing upward solar radiation, especially during winter and for compounding warm events. The results during winter and summer are generally similar but also present significant differences in terms of the contribution of variations in snow albedo, surface turbulent fluxes, and horizontal advection of cloud, which hence need further attention in simulating the high-temperature extreme events in the ETP. Our work indicates the importance to attribute different temperature extremes separately from the perspective of energy balance.
Asymptotics of quantum channels
Authors: Amato Daniele , Facchi Paolo , Konderak Arturo
Published: May 2023

We discuss several aspects concerning the asymptotic dynamics of discrete-time semigroups associated with a quantum channel. By using an explicit expression of the asymptotic map, which describes the action of the quantum channel on its attractor manifold, we investigate the role of permutations in the asymptotic dynamics. We show that, in general, they make the asymptotic evolution non-unitary, and they are related to the divisibility of the quantum channel. Also, we derive several results about the asymptotics of faithful and non-faithful channels, and we establish a constructive unfolding theorem for the asymptotic dynamics.
Profiling volatile organic compounds from human plasma using GC × GC-ToFMS
Authors: Sun Ning , Krishnan Preethi , Rees Christiaan A , Zhang Mingming , Stevenson Keisean A J M , Hill Jane E
Published: May 2023

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) originating from human metabolic activities can be detected in, for example, breath, urine, feces, and blood. Thus, attention has been given to identifying VOCs from the above matrices. Studies identifying and measuring human blood VOCs are limited to those focusing on monitoring specific pollutants, or blood storage and/or decomposition. However, a comprehensive characterization of VOCs in human blood collected for routine diagnostic testing is lacking. In this pilot study, 72 blood-derived plasma samples were obtained from apparently healthy adult participants. VOCs were extracted from plasma using solid-phase microextraction and analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Chromatographic data were aligned, and putative compound identities were assigned via spectral library comparison. All statistical analysis, including contaminant removal, data normalization, and transformation were performed using R. We identified 401 features which we called the pan volatilome of human plasma. Of the 401 features, 34 were present in all the samples with less than 15% variance (core molecules), 210 were present in ⩾10% but <100% of the samples (accessory molecules), and 157 were present in less than 10% of the samples (rare molecules). The core molecules, consisting of aliphatic, aromatic, and carbonyl compounds were validated using 25 additional samples. The validation accuracy was 99.9%. Of the 34 core molecules, 2 molecules (octan-2-one and 4-methyl heptane) have been identified from the plasma samples for the first time. Overall, our pilot study establishes the methodology of profiling VOCs in human plasma and will serve as a resource for blood-derived VOCs that can complement future biomarker studies using different matrices with more heterogeneous cohorts.
The acceptance of a smartphone application for disaster: technology acceptance model approach
Authors: Wahyudi Jatmiko
Published: May 2023

This paper aimed to investigate user acceptance toward the smartphone-based disaster application namely SIDINA application through technology acceptance model (TAM). This study was conducted in Pati regency, Central Java Province in 2019. A cross-sectional survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to village leaders or village apparatus in villages that experiencing floods in Pati. Purposeful sampling was selected as a sampling method with a sampling size of as many as 87 people. The results of the analysis prove that perceived usefulness (PU) and perceived ease of use (PEOU) had a significant effect on the intention to use (IU) SIDINA app. Perceived usefulness became probably the main determinant of using the app. Meanwhile, having several technical limitations (not user-friendly) probably reduced the intention of using it. This study suggested the local government in particular application developers to overcome technical barriers and later, intensify the promotion of SIDINA app to society.
A pattern changes evaluation on household greenhouses gases during pandemic in Surakarta
Authors: Himawan Widhi , Sajidan  , Sunarto  , Setyono Prabang , Nancy Natasha
Published: May 2023

The pandemic has caused a change in activity patterns that affect energy consumption and waste production due to restriction of activities. The purpose of this study is to find the changes in household GHG emission pattern during the pandemic in Surakarta Municipality. The focus of household GHG calculated in the study is electricity and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) consumption, waste production, and household batik industry. Greenhouse gases calculated with IPCC Guideline. Data activity used reference based approach. The total of household activity emission during the pandemic in Surakarta reaches 1035680.40 tonnes CO2eq, contributing to 33.5% of the total emission. The number comes from electricity consumption that produced 900709.38 tonnes CO2eq/year, LPG consumption that produced 107494.09 tonnes CO2eq/year, waste that produced 26050.44 tonnes CO2eq/year, and household batik industry that produced 1427.55 tonnes CO2eq/year. Monthly electricity consumption had 10% increase during the pandemic, surpassing the pre-pandemic highest value of 5.71%. LPG consumption had a decrease of 4.86%. Domestic waste production has an increasing trend of 36%, mostly containing inorganic waste (plastic). Pandemic created a new pattern on domestic electricity consumption.
Performance of environmentally sound cassava farming as an effort to increase income after covid 19 in the Bengawan Solo Wonogiri Watershed
Authors: Rahayu ES , Widadie F , Setyowati
Published: May 2023

The limited sources of income in the Wonogiri Regency will impact the tendency of repressive community actions towards empowering surrounding resources, including cassava farmers. After Covid 19, the cassava economy was used as leverage for changes in the rural economy. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the influence of environmental management on the inputs and outputs of cassava farming, (2) to diagnose fluctuations in the vulnerability of cassava farming, and (3) to analyze cassava problems in production and farming sub-systems. The research locations were in 2 subwatershed of Bengawan Solo areas, namely the Keduang Sub-Watershed (Ngadirojo District and Jatiroto District) and the Wiroko Sub-Watershed (Tirtomoyo District), with 120 respondents. The analysis used is the input-output analysis of farming, descriptive analysis, and t-test analysis. The results showed a difference between an environmentally sound cassava farming business and one that does not, with an error rate of 1% and a coefficient of 1,802% in terms of income (output) and cost (input). The vulnerability occurs when cassava cultivation is processed on a sharp slope of the soil, making it highly costly. The performance of environmentally sound cassava farming positively impacts production and income, but there are limited funds and technology.
Greenhouse gas flux from peat with oil palm plants of different ages
Authors: Wihardjaka A , Zuamah H , Harsanti E S
Published: May 2023

The use of peat for agricultural crop cultivation needs to be done carefully by considering water management and peat characteristics. The use of peat for cultivation affects the breakdown of organic matter, which produces CH4 and CO2. CO2 and CH4 are glasshouse gases that cause global warming and impact climate change. The purpose of this activity was to determine the flux of CO2 and CH4 from the peat used for palm oil cultivation at different ages. The gas collection was carried out surrounding and between plants at 50m, 100m, and 150m from the drainage channel. Gas samples were taken using the closed chamber method, and gas was analysed using gas chromatography equipped certain detector. The results of the activity showed that the flux of methane from peat with palm oil trees aged < 3 years tended to be higher than oil palms aged > 3 years, while the CO2 flux was relatively not different between palm oil aged < 3 years and > 3 years. The distance of the presence of the drainage channel affects the CH4 and CO2 fluxes, namely the high CH4 flux at the point near the drainage channel but the low at the CO2 flux. Further and in-depth research is needed to understand GHG flux from peat with different oil palm ages.
Community-based waste management: Best practice for waste management in Panggungharjo Village, Sewon District, Bantul Regency
Authors: Qomariyah P , Hamid E S
Published: May 2023

Through Village Regulation (Perdes) Number 7 of 2016 which regulates guidelines for waste management, domestic waste management (household waste) which has been pioneered by Pemdes Panggungharjo since 2013 found a way to manage waste independently. Until 2019, Panggungharjo Village had 30 waste banks with a total of 1,800 customers who were residents of the village. Waste management is handled directly by BUMDES Panggung Lestari through Unit Usaha Kupas, one of the village economic institutions under the auspices of the Panggungharjo Village Government, which has so far focused on dealing with villagers’ waste problems. In terms of community-based waste management, the Panggungharjo Village Government has created a roadmap for waste management with the active role of the community in synergy and collaboration with BUMDES Panggung Lestari which is regulated in the Village Regulation. Communities as waste producers are required every day to sort waste independently by separating residual waste, organic waste, and selling value waste. In the early days of waste management, Panggung Lestari collaborated with Pegadaian which had a Gold Savings product. The simple principle is that the community deposits waste that has a selling value and then converts it into a rupiah value with the gold savings. There is a minimum limit for waste deposits and the time period for collecting the savings. Interesting developments in the journey of managing waste in this span of time have created a business model that can be used as a reference for policy formulation from the village to the district level, where a plenary collaborative waste management governance design approach based on value chain analysis becomes a bridge in the realm of waste management as one of the public services where the community also has the same obligations regarding problems, on the other hand management based on value chain analysis has economic value where the relationship between the management of unit usaha Kupas and residents can be in the form of user-consumers or partners who jointly think about handling domestic waste. Until now, the waste management business model in the Panggungharjo Urban Village illustrates how the waste management journey is built in stages and has relevance to the needs of waste management at different scales in terms of waste generation capacity, technology, number of customers, and future development plans. The latest development at Panggung Lestari is that it is now able to process domestic waste (household waste) into a variety of products including organic fertilizers and others, in addition to a waste bank with a selling value of waste that is still ongoing. Carrying the spirit of “Starting from the residents, ending in the village”, Panggung Lestari is currently serious about developing its integrated waste management capacity.