Anthropic disturbance to seabed habitats in the Punta Campanella Marine Protected Area, southern Italy
Authors: Violante Crescenzo , Buonocunto Francesco Paolo , Esposito Eliana , Ferraro Luciana , Giordano Laura , Milia Alfonsa 
Published: March 2020

&lt;p&gt;The main goal of this study is to investigate the anthropic influence on benthic habitats in the Punta Campanella Marine Protected Area (MPA). This area is located at the western end of the Sorrento Peninsula in the Bay of Naples, southern Italy. It is a rocky coast consisting of vertical or near vertical limestone cliffs of structural control, with marine areas characterized by suboutcropping rocky substrate. Seabed sediments are mainly coarse and biogenic in origin with skeletal grains and coralligenous bioconstructions occurring widely [1].&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The Punta Campanella seabed habitats have been characterized and mapped on the base of geophysical and sedimentological data together with results from benthic communities. In addition, several environmental components both marine and terrestrial have been analysed in order to evaluate the anthropic influence on the recognized benthic habitats. Such environmental components include foraminiferal assemblages, water column features and inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) as well as terrestrial biota, fresh water supply and quality, land use and natural hazard.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First results indicate 1) anomalous values of specific heavy metals (Ni, Hg) in the marine sediments, 2) the presence of benthic foraminiferal assemblages distinctive of human-impacted environmental conditions, and 3) the occurrence of morphological deformities affecting some foraminiferal species. At present, as next step of this study, we are applying a methodology based on the Environmental Functional Analysis (EFA) in order to combine and analyse terrestrial and marine environmental components together with territorial data and selected socio-economic components of the coastal zone (i.e. human pressure, land use, etc.) [2]. This method was originally developed by Cendrero and Fischer (1997) [3] and successively employed as management tool and monitoring technique for coastal areas [4] and terrestrial protected areas [5]. Such a holistic-based approach can be used to evaluate the anthropic disturbance in the Punta Campanella MPA and to compare the potential for conservation and the potential for use of the study area.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;References&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[1] D'Argenio B., Violante C., Sacchi M., Budillon F., Pappone G., Casciello E., Cesarano M., 2004: Capri, Bocca Piccola and Punta Campanella (southern Italy), marine and onland geology compared. In: G. Pasquar&amp;#232; and C. Venturini (Eds), Mapping Geology in Italy, APAT, Roma, 35-42.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[2] Hopkins, T.S., Bailly, D., St&amp;#248;ttrup, J.G., 2011. A Systems Approach Framework for Coastal Zones. Ecol. Soc. 16(4), 25.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[3] Cendrero A., Fischer D.W., 1997: A procedure for assessing the environmental quality of coastal areas for planning and management. Journal of Coastal Research 13(3), 732-744.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[4] Giordano L., Ferraro L., 2020. Conservation or development? An environmental function analysis assessment of the Volturno River coastal zone (central Tyrrhenian Sea - Italy). Journal of Coastal Conservation, 24(6), 5-12.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;[5] Calado H., Bragagnolo C., Silva S., Verg&amp;#237;lio M., 2016: Adapting environmental function analysis for management of protected areas in small islands e case of Pico Island (the Azores). Journal of Environmental Management 171, 231-242.&lt;/p&gt;