bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Classification and citation analysis of the 100 top-cited articles on nurse resilience using chord diagrams: A bibliometric analysis
Authors: Chiang Hui-Ying , Lee Huan-Fang , Hung Yu-Hsin , Chien Tsair-Wei
Published: March 2023

Background:

Studies of most-cited articles have been frequently conducted on various topics and in various medical fields. To date, no study has examined the characteristics of articles associated with theme classifications and research achievements of article entities related to nursing resilience. This study aims to graphically depict the characteristics of the 100 top-cited articles addressing nurse resilience (T100NurseR), diagram the relationship between articles and author collaborations according to themes extracted from article keywords, and examine whether article keywords are correlated with article citations.

Methods:

T100NurseR publications were retrieved from the Web of Science (WoS) core collection on October 13, 2022. Themes associated with articles were explored using coword analysis in WoS keywords plus. The document category, journal ranking based on impact factor, authorship, and L-index and Y-index were used to analyze the dominant entities. To report the themes of T100NurseR and their research achievements in comparison to article entities and verify the hypothesis that keyword mean citation can be used to predict article citations, 5 visualizations were applied, including network diagrams, chord diagrams, dot plots, Kano diagrams, and radar plots.

Results:

Citations per article averaged 61.96 (range, 25–514). There were 5 themes identified in T100NurseR, including Parses theory, nurse resilience, conflict management, nursing identity, and emotional intelligence. For countries, institutes, departments, and authors in comparison of category, journal impact factor, authorship, and L-index scores, Australia (129.80), the University of Western Sydney (23.12), Nursing (87.17), and Kim Foster (23.76) are the dominant entities. The weighted number of citations according to Keywords Plus in WoS is significantly correlated with article citations (Pearson R = 0.94; P = .001).

Conclusion:

We present diagrams to guide evidence-based clinical decision-making in nurse resilience based on the characteristics of the T100NurseR articles. Article citations can be predicted using weighted keywords. Future bibliographical studies may apply the 5 visualizations to relevant studies, not being solely restricted to T100NurseR.
YouTube as a source of information on sacroiliac joint injection: A reliability and quality analysis
Authors: Ozturk Ekim Can , Yilmaz Habip , Sacaklidir Rekib , Sencan Savas , Gunduz Osman Hakan
Published: March 2023

Sacroiliac joint (SIJ) injection is recommended for both diagnosis and relief of SIJ pain. YouTube has become a widely used source for health professionals and patients to obtain information about various procedures but the quality of YouTube videos including medical content is questionable. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of SIJ injection videos on YouTube. This cross-sectional study was conducted through March 2022 by searching the phrase “sacroiliac joint injection” on YouTube. After resetting search history top 100 videos were screened. Duration of videos, number of views, number of likes, number of comments, view ratio (number of views/d), time passed since upload date, guide used for injection, and source of videos were recorded. The DISCERN and the Global Quality Scale were used to assess the quality and reliability of the videos. Of the 100 videos screened 42 videos met the inclusion criteria. The videos (73.8%) were predominantly uploaded by physicians. Most frequently used guide for injections was ultrasound with 45.4%. According to the DISCERN classification, 35.7% of the videos were “very poor,” 30.9% were “poor,” 21.4% were “fair,” 7.1% were “good” and 4.7% were “excellent.” Physicians and patients should be aware of that many of the videos about SIJ injections are categorized as “poor” or “very poor,” which means they may mislead trainees, resulting in inadequate treatments.
Treatment of insomnia based on the mechanism of pathophysiology by acupuncture combined with herbal medicine: A review
Authors: Wang Jie , Zhao Haishen , Shi Kejun , Wang Manya
Published: March 2023

Insomnia is a sleep disorder which severely affects patients mood, quality of life and social functioning, serves as a trigger or risk factor to a variety of diseases such as depression, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, obesity and diabetes, and even increases the risk of suicide, and has become an increasingly widespread concern worldwide. Considerable research on insomnia has been conducted in modern medicine in recent years and encouraging results have been achieved in the fields of genetics and neurobiology. Unfortunately, however, the pathogenesis of insomnia remains elusive to modern medicine, and pharmacological treatment of insomnia has been regarded as conventional. However, in the course of treatment, pharmacological treatment itself is increasingly being questioned due to potential dependence and drug resistance and is now being replaced by cognitive behavior therapy as the first-line treatment. As an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, traditional Chinese medicine, especially non-pharmacological treatment methods such as acupuncture, is gaining increasing attention worldwide. In this article, we discuss the combination of traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, and medicine to treat insomnia based on neurobiology in the context of modern medicine.
Comprehensive analysis of pan-cancer reveals the potential of SLC16A1 as a prognostic and immunological biomarker
Authors: Chen Lingyun , Li Yang , Deng Xinna
Published: March 2023

SLC16A1 plays an important role in the development of multiple cancer types. Pan-cancer analysis may have significant impacts on the exploration of the relationship between SLC16A1 gene expression, prognosis and the molecular mechanisms of tumorigenesis. In this study, through the analysis of TCGA and GEO datasets, we explored the expression level and survival prognosis of SLC16A1 in pan-cancer, and further explored the differences in SLC16A1 gene mutation, methylation, and phosphorylation between tumor and normal tissues. In addition, we focused on the biological function of this gene and the relationship between the prognosis and immune infiltration by immune infiltration analysis and enrichment analysis, in order to evaluate the diagnostic and prognostic significance of SLC16A1 in carcinomas. The study found that SLC16A1 was highly expressed in 14 kinds of tumors, and there were statistically significant differences in the prognosis of 9 tumors. The phosphorylation level of S467 increased in OV, RCC, and UCEC. There was a statistically negative correlation between the CD8+ T-cell infiltration level and the SLC16A1 expression in HNSC, LUSC, SARC, TGCT, and KIRC. The cancer-related fibroblasts were positively correlated with SLC16A1 expression in BLCA, BRCA, KIRC, KIRP, PAAD, PCPG, and THCA. The enrichment analysis indicated that the tumorigenesis mechanism of this gene was mainly related to “glycolysis and glucose metabolism synthesis.” SLC16A1 was a promising prognostic and immunological biomarker in pan-cancer.
Effect of health education-based yoga & naturopathy lifestyle interventions on personality of patients with non-communicable diseases: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Tewani Gulab Rai , Silwal Karishma , Yadav Dinesh , Siddiqui Aarfa , Kriplani Sucheta , Maheshwari Ayush , Nathani Varsha Vijay , Singh Deepika , Gyanchandani Kunal , Iyer Rukmani , Khan Vakeel , Dubey Piyush , Sharma Hemanshu , Nair Pradeep M.K.
Published: March 2023

Background:

Personality traits play a role in the progression and management of chronic diseases. However, a change in personality is seldom considered an outcome in the management of chronic diseases. The present study explored if a health education-based yoga & naturopathy lifestyle intervention group (HYNLG) can induce change in the personality traits, vitality, quality of life (QoL), and satisfaction in patients with non-communicable diseases compared to a therapy-centric yoga & naturopathy lifestyle intervention (TYNLG).

Methods:

This randomized control trial included 56 participants who were equally randomized into the HYNLG and TYNLG groups. Both groups received a 10-day inpatient regimen that included hydrotherapy, mud therapy, diet therapy, supervised fasting, sunbathing, acupressure, and massage therapy. Additionally, HYNLG received a 10-day orientation (1 h/d) on concepts centered around belief systems, lifestyle changes, and their impact on health. Vedic Personality Inventory, SF-12 QoL questionnaire, visual analog scale, Hamilton Anxiety Inventory, and Visit-Specific Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire were used as outcome measures. The changes between the time points were analyzed using parametric and non-parametric tests, and Pearson correlation was used to investigate the association between the variables.

Results:

TheSattva(balance and stability) personality trait has significantly increased in HYNLG, while theRajas(activity and imbalance) andTamas(inertia and dullness) personalities have decreased. HYNLG also demonstrated a significant improvement in mental QoL, vitality, anxiety reduction, and patient satisfaction when compared to TYNLG.

Conclusion:

These findings may have serious clinical and public health implications as they provide insights on the usefulness of introducing a health education component into lifestyle modification programs.
Bilateral facial palsy caused by HIV infection: A case report and literature review
Authors: Lin Huiqian , Hu Haojie
Published: March 2023

Objective:

Bilateral facial palsy (BFP) has been identified as a possible neurological complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, but only a limited number of cases have been reported in the literature. The purpose of this study was to deepen our understanding of the etiology of BFP. Case report: We report the case of a 46-year-old married bisexual man with BFP associated with HIV infection. The patient underwent serological testing for HIV and was positive. In the absence of any other evidence of underlying systemic disease, facial palsy is thought to be secondary to HIV infection. After antiretroviral therapy, the patient recovered completely from facial palsy within 3 months. Results: HIV infection often involves BFP. The pathophysiology of this clinical presentation is thought to be related to the immune response to the systemic transmission of the virus. Conclusions: Most patients with BFP have underlying systemic causes, particularly autoimmune diseases. The exclusion of HIV infection in patients with BFP is essential for the early diagnosis and management of HIV.
Preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury with probucol and hydration in patients with coronary heart disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Cui Xiaojiao , Xie Bo , Wang Hao , Liu Fuqiang , Mei Linghan , Qin Fang , Zhang Jun , Yi Xiaoqing
Published: March 2023

Background:

Preventing contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI) is critical because of its association with poor clinical outcomes, including extended hospital stays and increased mortality. The effects of probucol on preventing CI-AKI have been controversial. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the influence of probucol combined with hydration on the CI-AKI risk in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing coronary angiography (CAG) or percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods:

We retrieved data from the following databases from their inception to May 29, 2022: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (Sinomed), Wanfang Database, and Chinese Scientific Journal Database. The methodological quality of the trials was assessed following the Cochrane Handbook guidelines, and Review Manager 5.3 and Stata 14.0 software were used for the data analysis.

Results:

We included 14 trials comprising 3306 patients in the analysis. All included trials reported the CI-AKI incidence rate (the primary outcome). Probucol with hydration significantly reduced the CI-AKI incidence compared to hydration alone (odds ratio [OR]: 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.25–0.44, P < .001). Subgroup analyses were performed based on the contrast medium type (iso-osmolality vs low-osmolality contrast medium [LOCM]) and volume (less than or more than 200 mL); the effects of probucol with hydration versus hydration-only on CI-AKI were comparable within each subgroup. Additionally, the serum creatinine (Scr) concentration 24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 72 hours after contrast exposure were better in the probucol with hydration group than the hydration-only group. Finally, major clinical adverse events and adverse drug reactions were comparable between the probucol with hydration and hydration-only groups.

Conclusion:

Probucol with hydration decreases the CI-AKI incidence compared to hydration only in patients with coronary heart disease undergoing CAG or PCI. However, more high-quality, large-sample, multicenter randomized trials are needed to confirm this conclusion.
Efficacy of Bushen Jiangu therapy in the treatment of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Yin Xietian , Zhao Shichao , Xiang Nan , Chen Jidong , Xu Jun , Zhang Yudan
Published: March 2023

Background:

Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis (GIOP) is the most common secondary osteoporosis. Bushen Jiangu (BSJG), a classic traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) therapy, is widely used for treatment of GIOP. We conducted a meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of BSJG therapy on the treatment of GIOP.

Methods:

We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of BSJG therapy for GIOP in 10 databases. Methodological quality assessment was performed by using the Cochrane collaboration tool. RevMan v5.3 and Stata v14.0 software were used for performing data analysis. This study was conducted and reported following the PRISMA checklist.

Results:

Overall, 14 RCTs with 988 participants met the inclusion criteria. Pooled results indicated that BSJG therapy contributed to a betterment in improving the clinical efficacy rate of GIOP (risk ratio [RR] = 1.22, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14, 1.30, P < .00001). The pooled results also indicated that BSJG therapy increased lumbar spine bone mineral density (LS-BMD) (weighted mean difference [WMD] = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.33, P = .001), total hip bone mineral density (TH-BMD) (WMD = 0.16, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.24, P < .0001), and femoral neck bone mineral density (FN-BMD) (WMD = 0.07, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.10, P = .0001). Furthermore, our results indicated that BSJG therapy improved visual analogue scale (VAS) score (WMD = −0.60, 95% CI: −0.97, −0.23, P = .002), parathyroid hormone (PTH) (standardized mean difference [SMD] = −0.93, 95% CI: −1.58, −0.27, P = .006), and N-terminal propeptide of type I precollagen (PINP) (SMD = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.95, P < .00001). In terms of safety, there was no significant difference in the adverse events (AEs) between the 2 groups (RR = 1.45, 95% CI: 0.63, 3.31, P = .38).

Conclusion:

Our analysis indicates that BSJG therapy has a valid and safe effect on the treatment of GIOP in the clinic. However, the results need to be confirmed in more well-designed and large-scale RCTs.
A novel mini-invasive step-up approach for the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis with extensive infected necrosis: A single center case series study
Authors: Zhang Beiyuan , Gao Tao , Wang Yan , Zhu Hao , Liu Song , Chen Ming , Yu Wenkui , Zhu Zhanghua
Published: March 2023

Rationale:

Complete removal of necrosis is critical for treating patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) presenting infection of pancreatic necrosis (IPN). Frequently used mini-invasive methods include the surgical step-up approach suitable for necrosis extending laterally, whereas the endoscopic step-up approach is suitable for medial necrosis. However, in patients with extensive IPN, either approach alone usually has limited treatment effects.

Patient concerns:

We describe a case series of combined mini-invasive step-up approach for treating extensive IPN.

Diagnoses:

Patients were diagnosed with SAP and had extensive IPN.

Interventions:

Seven patients with SAP and extensive IPN were enrolled. All patients underwent a combined step-up approach comprising 4 steps: percutaneous catheter drainage, continuous negative pressure irrigation (CNPI), percutaneous endoscopic necrosectomy (PEN), and transgastric necrosectomy (TN).

Outcomes:

The median interval from symptom onset to percutaneous catheter drainage and CNPI was 11 days (range, 6–14) and 18 days (range, 14–26), and the median CNPI duration was 84 days (range, 54–116). The median interval from the onset of symptoms to PEN and TN was 36 days (range, 23–42) and 41 days (range, 34–48), respectively, and the median number of procedures was 2 (range, 1–2) for PEN and 3 (range, 2–4) for TN. Only a minor case of abdominal bleeding and a pancreatic-cutaneous fistula were reported, both resolved after conservative treatment. The median length of stay in the intensive care unit was 111 days (range, 73–133); all patients survived.

Lessons:

This mini-invasive step-up approach shows promising clinical effects and is relatively safe in critically ill patients with extensive IPN and high-risk surgical intervention.
A correlation study affecting survival in patients after radical colon cancer surgery: A retrospective study
Authors: Wei Ruo-Yu , Li Chun-Hong , Zhong Wen-Yi , Ye Jin-Jun
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study was to explore the relevant factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of patients after radical colon cancer surgery, and to provide some basis for improving the quality of life and prognosis of colon cancer patients. The clinical data of 116 colon cancer patients who underwent treatment in our hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were retrospectively selected. Using the date of performing surgical treatment as the starting point and the completion of 5 years after surgery or patient death as the end point, all patients were followed up by telephone to count the 5-year survival rate and analyze the influence of each factor with the prognosis of colon cancer patients. Of the 116 patients, 14 patients were lost to follow-up. Of the 102 patients with complete follow-up, 33 patients were died, with an overall 5-year survival rate of 67.6%. After univariate analysis, it was found that distant metastasis (χ2
= 10.493, P = .001), lymph node metastasis (χ2
= 25.145, P < .001), depth of muscle infiltration (χ2
= 14.929, P < .001), alcohol consumption (χ2
= 15.263, P < .001), and preoperative obstruction (χ2
= 9.555, P = .002) were significantly associated with the prognosis of colon cancer patients. Multivariate logistic analysis showed that distant metastasis (odds ratio [OR]: 1.932, 95% confidence intervals [CI]: 1.272–2.934, P = .002), lymph node metastasis (OR: 1.219, 95% CI: 1.091–1.362, P < .001), and obstruction (OR: 1.970, 95% CI: 1.300–2.990, P < .001) were significant independent risk factors affecting the prognosis in patients after radical colon cancer surgery. In summary, preoperative obstruction, lymph node metastasis, and distant metastasis are independent factors influencing 5-year survival rate after radical colon cancer surgery. Patients with risk factors should be followed up more closely and reasonable postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy regimens should be used to improve long-term survival.
Twenty-minute harvesting of flow-through type vastus lateralis muscle flap significantly reduces the need for a temporary intravascular shunt in the treatment of severe upper extremity trauma in civilian patients
Authors: Hihara Masakatsu , Kuro Atsuyuki , Mitsui Toshihito , Kakudo Natsuko
Published: March 2023

For the reconstruction of severe upper extremity trauma involving arterial injury in civilian patients, it is generally recommended that the revascularization time be shortened using a temporary intravascular shunt (TIVS). However, if a flow-through type vastus lateralis muscle (VLm) flap can be harvested in 20 minutes and bypassed at the obstructed ischemic zone within 30 minutes, blood flow can be restored as quickly or more quickly than when using a TIVS, eliminating the need for a TIVS. This procedure was applied in the reconstruction of 3 cases of severe extremity trauma with vascular injury. The mean age was 69.7 years. Surgery was started an average of 2.93 hours from the onset. The average flap harvest time was 0.33 hours. The average time to revascularization from flap harvest was 1.33 hours, the average total operation time was 6.43 hours, and all upper extremities were salvaged. No cases showed ischemia-reperfusion injury or severe muscle contracture. The flow-through-type VLm flap can be applicable as a bypass graft for a 20 cm defect at any region distal to the elbow. In addition, harvesting the flap attached to blood-rich muscle not only controls the infection of contaminated wounds through the filling of dead space, but also has the potential to replace damaged muscle or tendon tissue. Even though TIVS placement is currently used extensively in this field of treatment, its role could be significantly reduced if a flow-through-type VLm flap can be harvested within 20 minutes.
FCGR2A as one novel potential target for poor survival prognosis of clear cell renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Fu Taozhu , Zhang Lianfeng , Zuo Meini , Li Feng , Shi Changjin , Chen Hongrun
Published: March 2023

Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is the most common type of renal cell carcinoma. Immunoglobulin FcγRIIa receptor (FCGR2A) has been implicated in various cancers, however, its role on ccRCC is not well studied. A total of 151 patients with ccRCC were recruited for the study. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was performed to calculate the hazard radios of FCGR2A expression and tumor characteristics. Pathological changes associated with ccRCC in tumor tissue sections were analyzed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the protein expression of FCGR2A in the tissue sections. Correlation between the expression of FCGR2A and the overall survival (OS) of ccRCC patients was analyzed by biological process neural network and support vector machine. The expression of FCGR2A was significantly correlated with the TNM of tumor, family history of ccRCC and Fuhrman stage of ccRCC. Patients with high FCGR2A expression in the tumor tissue, had poorer OS than the patients with low and moderate FCGR2A expression. The Receiver operating characteristic curve showed that FCGR2A can be used as a sensitive and specific biomarker for the diagnosis of ccRCC. Western blotting revealed that the FCGR2A was expressed at higher levels in the ccRCC tissues. Biological process neural network and support vector machine fitting showed that the R2 between FCGR2A and survival time of ccRCC patients was 0.8429 and 0.7669, respectively. FCGR2A is highly expressed in ccRCC, higher expression of FCGR2A is associated with poorer OS of ccRCC.
Inadequate Hospital Practices to Prevent Mother-to-Child Transmission of Hepatitis B Virus Infection: A European Survey
Authors: Pinon Michele , Giugliano Laura , Rocchi Francesca , Cananzi Mara , Auriti Cinzia , Wade Barbara , Calvo Pier Luigi , Giaquinto Carlo , Indolfi Giuseppe
Published: March 2023

Objectives:

Prevention of vertical transmission of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is crucial to eliminate viral hepatitis as a major public health threat by 2030. We aimed to assess the current hospital policies and practices implemented before, at, and after birth, and to evaluate potential barriers to the full application of international guidelines.

Methods:

A web-based survey was supported by PENTA Foundation and distributed across Europe from October to December 2021.

Results:

Overall, 76 centers with delivery departments completed the survey. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) maternal screening is performed in the first trimester of pregnancy in 53% of the centers and in the third in 46%. HBsAg positive pregnant women are tested for serologic HBV markers and HBV-DNA in 78% and 63% of the departments; 38% of the HBeAg positive women with high HBV-DNA levels are treated during the last trimester of pregnancy. At birth, 91% of the departments administer HBV vaccine to infants born to HBsAg positive mothers within 12 hours of birth; 74% test women with unknown HBsAg status and 78% of them wait for the maternal testing results before administering HBV vaccine to their newborns. After birth, 47% of the departments provide postvaccination serological testing for infants born to HBsAg positive mothers. The timing of the HBV vaccine schedule varies greatly.

Conclusions:

There is significant heterogeneity in the hospital policies and correlated procedures. The implementation of a multidisciplinary clinical pathway is a must if a stronger connection between the prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal phases is to be established.
Biliary Complications After Liver Transplantation in the United States: Changing Trends and Economic Implications
Authors: Manay Priyadarshini , Seth Abhinav , Jackson Kyle , Lentine Krista L. , Schnitzler Mark A. , Xiao Huiling , Segev Dorry L. , Axelrod David A.
Published: March 2023

Background.

Biliary complications (BCs) continue to impact patient and graft survival after liver transplant (LT), despite improvements in organ preservation, surgical technique, and posttransplant care. Real-world evidence provides a national estimate of the incidence of BC after LT, implications for patient and graft outcomes, and attributable cost not available in transplant registry data.

Methods.

An administrative health claims–based BC identification algorithm was validated using electronic health records (N = 128) and then applied to nationally linked Medicare and transplant registry claims.

Results.

The real-world evidence algorithm identified 97% of BCs in the electronic health record review. Nationally, the incidence of BCs within 1 y of LT appears to have improved from 22.2% in 2002 to 20.8% in 2018. Factors associated with BCs include donor type (living versus deceased), recipient age, diagnosis, prior transplant, donor age, and donor cause of death. BCs increased the risk-adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for posttransplant death (aHR, 1.43; P < 0.0001) and graft loss (aHR, 1.48; P < 0.0001). Nationally, BCs requiring intervention increased risk-adjusted first-year Medicare spending by $39 710 (P < 0.0001).

Conclusions.

BCs remain an important cause of morbidity and expense after LT and would benefit from a systematic quality-improvement program.
Sleep/Wake Disorders After Sports Concussion: Risks, Revelations, and Interventions
Authors: Grigg-Damberger Madeleine M.
Published: March 2023

Sleep-wake disturbances (SWDs) are among the most prevalent, persistent, and often disregarded sequelae of traumatic brain injury. Identification and treatment of SWDs in patients with traumatic brain injury is important and can complement other efforts to promote maximum functional recovery. SWDs can accentuate other consequences of traumatic brain injury, negatively affect mood, exacerbate pain, heighten irritability, and diminish cognitive abilities and the potential for recovery. The risk for sports injuries increases when athletes are sleep deprived. Sleep deprivation increases risk-taking behaviors, predisposing to injuries. SWDs are an independent risk factor for prolonged recovery after sports-related concussion. SWDs following sports-related concussion have been shown to impede recovery, rehabilitation, and return to preinjury activities.
Mean structure of the supercritical turbulent spiral in Taylor–Couette flow
Authors: Wang B. , Mellibovsky F. , Ayats R. , Deguchi K. , Meseguer A.
Published: March 2023

The large-scale laminar/turbulent spiral patterns that appear in the linearly unstable regime of counter-rotating Taylor–Couette flow are investigated from a statistical perspective by means of direct numerical simulation. Unlike the vast majority of previous numerical studies, we analyse the flow in periodic parallelogram-annular domains, following a coordinate change that aligns one of the parallelogram sides with the spiral pattern. The domain size, shape and spatial resolution have been varied and the results compared with those in a sufficiently large computational orthogonal domain with natural axial and azimuthal periodicity. We find that a minimal parallelogram of the right tilt significantly reduces the computational cost without notably compromising the statistical properties of the supercritical turbulent spiral. Its mean structure, obtained from extremely long time integrations in a co-rotating reference frame using the method of slices, bears remarkable similarity with the turbulent stripes observed in plane Couette flow, the centrifugal instability playing only a secondary role.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Taylor–Couette and related flows on the centennial of Taylor’s seminalPhilosophical transactionspaper (Part 2)’.
Stably stratified Taylor–Couette flows
Authors: Lopez Jose M. , Lopez Juan M. , Marques Francisco
Published: March 2023

Stably stratified Taylor–Couette flow has attracted much attention due to its relevance as a canonical example of the interplay among rotation, stable stratification, shear and container boundaries, as well as its potential applications in geophysics and astrophysics. In this article, we review the current knowledge on this topic, highlight unanswered questions and propose directions for future research.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Taylor–Couette and related flows on the centennial of Taylor’s seminal
Philosophical Transactions
paper (part 2)’.
Viscoelastic instabilities of Taylor–Couette flows with different rotation regimes
Authors: Bai Yang , Latrache Noureddine , Kelai Fayçal , Crumeyrolle Olivier , Mutabazi Innocent
Published: March 2023

The critical modes of the instabilities of viscoelastic Taylor–Couette flow are investigated using both experiments and linear stability analysis when only one cylinder rotates and the other is fixed. A viscoelastic Rayleigh circulation criterion highlights that the elasticity of the polymer solution can induce a flow instability even if the Newtonian counterpart is stable. When the inner cylinder solely rotates, experimental results show three critical modes: stationary axisymmetric vortices or Taylor vortices for small elasticity, standing waves, also called ribbons for intermediate values of elasticity, and disordered vortices (DV) for large elasticity values. When the outer cylinder rotates and the inner cylinder is fixed and for large values of elasticity, the critical modes appear in the form of DV. There is a good agreement between experimental and theoretical results provided that the elasticity of the polymer solution is accurately determined.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Taylor–Couette and related flows on the centennial of Taylor’s seminal
Philosophical Transactions
paper (part 2)’.
Modelling the viral dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 Delta and Omicron variants in different cell types
Authors: McCormack Clare P. , Yan Ada W. C. , Brown Jonathan C. , Sukhova Ksenia , Peacock Thomas P. , Barclay Wendy S. , Dorigatti Ilaria
Published: March 2023

We use viral kinetic models fitted to viral load data fromin vitrostudies to explain why the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant replicates faster than the Delta variant in nasal cells, but slower than Delta in lung cells, which could explain Omicron’s higher transmission potential and lower severity. We find that in both nasal and lung cells, viral infectivity is higher for Omicron but the virus production rate is higher for Delta. However, the differences are unequal between cell types, and ultimately leads to the basic reproduction number and growth rate being higher for Omicron in nasal cells, and higher for Delta in lung cells. In nasal cells, Omicron alone can enter via a TMPRSS2-independent pathway, but it is primarily increased efficiency of TMPRSS2-dependent entry which accounts for Omicron’s increased activity. This work paves the way for using within-host mathematical models to understand the transmission potential and severity of future variants.
Guiding the design of well-powered Hi-C experiments to detect differential loops
Authors: Parker Sarah M , Davis Eric S , Phanstiel Douglas H
Published: March 2023

3D chromatin structure plays an important role in gene regulation by connecting regulatory regions and gene promoters. The ability to detect the formation and loss of these loops in various cell types and conditions provides valuable information on the mechanisms driving these cell states and is critical for understanding how long-range gene regulation works. Hi-C is a powerful technique used to characterize three-dimensional chromatin structure; however, Hi-C can quickly become a costly and labor-intensive endeavor, and proper planning is required to determine how to best use time and resources while maintaining experimental rigor and well-powered results. To facilitate better planning and interpretation of Hi-C experiments, we have conducted a detailed evaluation of statistical power using publicly available Hi-C datasets paying particular attention to the impact of loop size on Hi-C contacts and fold change compression. In addition, we have developed Hi-C Poweraid, a publicly-hosted web application to investigate these findings (http://phanstiel-lab.med.unc.edu/poweraid/). For experiments involving well-replicated cell lines, we recommend a total sequencing depth of at least 6 billion contacts per condition, split between at least 2 replicates in order to achieve the power to detect the majority of differential loops. For experiments with higher variation, more replicates and deeper sequencing depths are required. Exact values and recommendations for specific cases can be determined through the use of Hi-C Poweraid. This tool simplifies the complexities behind calculating power for Hi-C data and will provide useful information on the amount of well-powered loops an experiment will be able to detect given a specific set of experimental parameters, such as sequencing depth, replicates, and the sizes of the loops of interest. This will allow for more efficient use of time and resources and more accurate interpretation of experimental results.
Limitations and Optimizations of Cellular Lineages Tracking
Authors: Leibovich N. , Goyal S.
Published: March 2023

Tracking cellular lineages using barcodes provides insights across biology and has become an important tool. However, barcoding strategies remain ad-hoc. We show that elevating barcode insertion probability, and thus increasing the average number of barcodes within the cells, adds to the number of traceable lineages but decreases the accuracy of lineages’ inference due to reading errors. We discuss how this tradeoff informs optimal experimental design under different constraints and limitations. In particular, we explore the trade-off between accuracy and the number of traceable lineages, concerning limited resources, the cells and barcode pool features, and the dropout probability.
Division of labor promotes the entrenchment of multicellularity
Authors: Conlin Peter L. , Goldsby Heather J. , Libby Eric , Skocelas Katherine G. , Ratcliff William C. , Ofria Charles , Kerr Benjamin
Published: March 2023

Simple multicellularity evolves readily in diverse unicellular species, but nascent multicellular groups are prone to reversion to unicellularity. Successful transitions to multicellularity therefore require subsequent mutations that promote the entrenchment of the higher-level unit, stabilizing it through time. Here we explore the causes of entrenchment using digital evolution. When faced with a trade-off between cellular metabolic productivity and information fidelity, digital “multicells” often evolve reproductive division of labor. Because digital “unicells” cannot circumvent this trade-off, unicellular revertants tend to exhibit low fitness relative to their differentiated multicellular ancestors. Thus, division of labor can drive the entrenchment of multicellularity. More generally, division of labor may play a crucial role in major transitions, enriching the complexity and functionality of higher-level units while enhancing their evolutionary stability.
MFN2-dependent recruitment of ATAT1 coordinates mitochondria motility with alpha-tubulin acetylation and is disrupted in CMT2A
Authors: Kumar Atul , Larrea Delfina , Pero Maria Elena , Infante Paola , Conenna Marilisa , Shin Grace Ji-eun , Grueber Wesley B , Di Marcotullio Lucia , Area-Gomez Estela , Bartolini Francesca
Published: March 2023

Acetylated microtubules play key roles in the regulation of mitochondria dynamics. It has however remained unknown if the machinery controlling mitochondria dynamics functionally interacts with the alpha-tubulin acetylation cycle. Mitofusin-2 (MFN2), a large GTPase residing in the mitochondrial outer membrane and mutated in Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2 disease (CMT2A), is a regulator of mitochondrial fusion, transport and tethering with the endoplasmic reticulum. The role of MFN2 in regulating mitochondrial transport has however remained elusive. Here we show that mitochondrial contacts with microtubules are sites of alpha-tubulin acetylation, which occurs through the MFN2-mediated recruitment of alpha-tubulin acetyltransferase 1 (ATAT1). We discover that this activity is critical for MFN2-dependent regulation of mitochondria transport, and that axonal degeneration caused by CMT2A MFN2 associated mutations, R94W and T105M, may depend on the inability to release ATAT1 at sites of mitochondrial contacts with microtubules. Our findings reveal a function for mitochondria in regulating acetylated alpha-tubulin and suggest that disruption of the tubulin acetylation cycle play a pathogenic role in the onset of MFN2-dependent CMT2A.
Cross-species single-cell comparison of systemic and cardiac inflammatory responses after cardiac injury
Authors: Cortada Eric , Yao Jun , Xia Yu , Dündar Friederike , Zumbo Paul , Yang Boris , Rubio-Navarro Alfonso , Perder Björn , Qiu Miaoyan , Pettinato Anthony M. , Homan Edwin A. , Stoll Lisa , Betel Doron , Cao Jingli , Lo James C.
Published: March 2023

The immune system coordinates the response to cardiac injury and is known to control regenerative and fibrotic scar outcomes in the heart and subsequent chronic low-grade inflammation associated with heart failure. Here we profiled the inflammatory response to heart injury using single cell transcriptomics to compare and contrast two experimental models with disparate outcomes. We used adult mice, which like humans lack the ability to fully recover and zebrafish which spontaneously regenerate after heart injury. The extracardiac reaction to cardiomyocyte necrosis was also interrogated to assess the specific peripheral tissue and immune cell reaction to chronic stress. Cardiac macrophages are known to play a critical role in determining tissue homeostasis by healing versus scarring. We identified distinct transcriptional clusters of monocytes/macrophages in each species and found analogous pairs in zebrafish and mice. However, the reaction to myocardial injury was largely disparate between mice and zebrafish. The dichotomous response to heart damage between the mammalian and zebrafish monocytes/macrophages may underlie the impaired regenerative process in mice, representing a future therapeutic target.
Germline-mediated immunoediting sculpts breast cancer subtypes and metastatic proclivity
Authors: Houlahan Kathleen E. , Khan Aziz , Greenwald Noah F , West Robert B. , Angelo Michael , Curtis Christina
Published: March 2023

Cancer represents a broad spectrum of molecularly and morphologically diverse diseases. Individuals with the same clinical diagnosis can have tumors with drastically different molecular profiles and clinical response to treatment. It remains unclear when these differences arise during disease course and why some tumors are addicted to one oncogenic pathway over another. Somatic genomic aberrations occur within the context of an individual’s germline genome, which can vary across millions of polymorphic sites. An open question is whether germline differences influence somatic tumor evolution. Interrogating 3,855 breast cancer lesions, spanning pre-invasive to metastatic disease, we demonstrate that germline variants in highly expressed and amplified genes influence somatic evolution by modulating immunoediting at early stages of tumor development. Specifically, we show that the burden of germline-derived epitopes in recurrently amplified genes selects against somatic gene amplification in breast cancer. For example, individuals with a high burden of germline-derived epitopes inERBB2,encoding human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), are significantly less likely to develop HER2-positive breast cancer compared to other subtypes. The same holds true for recurrent amplicons that define four subgroups of ER-positive breast cancers at high risk of distant relapse. High epitope burden in these recurrently amplified regions is associated with decreased likelihood of developing high risk ER-positive cancer. Tumors that overcome such immune-mediated negative selection are more aggressive and demonstrate an “immune cold” phenotype. These data show the germline genome plays a previously unappreciated role in dictating somatic evolution. Exploiting germline-mediated immunoediting may inform the development of biomarkers that refine risk stratification within breast cancer subtypes.
The role of digital orientation in moderating the relationship between innovation and internationalization
Authors: You Hui Wei , Brahmana Rayenda Khresna
Published: March 2023

Purpose

This research aims to examine the moderating role of digital orientation (DO) on the relationship between innovation and internationalization by framing the relationship under an agency, resource-based view (RBV) and organization orientation (OO) theory.

Design/methodology/approach

This study focuses on a sample of 392 listed companies in Malaysia from 2011 to 2018 and estimates the model under the double clustered regression, dynamic GMM panel model and one-lagged model to tackle endogeneity and reversal causality. This study also did a logit model as an additional robustness check.

Findings

The findings support the RBV perspective: Companies with intensive innovation have high internationalization. However, the findings refute OO theory by revealing the evidence that DO leads to low internationalization. Supplemental analysis suggests that innovation impact on internationalization occurs in assets and sales internationalization (exports).

Research limitations/implications

According to the RBV theory, innovation is strategic value creation for the organization to achieve competitiveness. A company can expand its market internationally when the business process is more productive and efficient due to innovation. The innovation process is closely related to DO. Hence, this research explores whether DO may strengthen the effect of innovation on the internationalization process.

Originality/value

This study examines the effect of DO on innovation and internationalization implementation by contesting agency theory, RBV theory and OO theory within an emerging country context.
Do institutional determinants matter for FDI inflows location choice? Evidence from sub-national panel data in India
Authors: Goswami Vandana
Published: March 2023

Purpose

The present paper makes an attempt to investigate the determinants that affect FDI inflows distribution among Indian states. Together with traditional determinants, the impact of institutional determinants on state-level FDI inflows distribution in India has been analysed.

Design/methodology/approach

The study uses panel data for a period of 20 years (2000–2019) for 17 groups of Indian states (29 states and 7 UTs). The empirical evidence is based on the panel data method and the findings support Dunning's OLI theory. As the data for some indicators for the institutional environment is not available at the state level, hence we used component analysis to arrive at the single component for the institutional factor. The study takes into account corruption, legal system, industrial disputes, man-days lost, labour availability, political risk, protection of IPR and agglomeration as potential macroeconomic and institutional determinants.

Findings

Results show that FDI inflows into Indian states is driven mainly by institutional environment. From our analysis, the author infers that the institutional variables such as legal system, IPR, corruption, political instability play an important role in determining the distribution of FDI inflows at the state level in India. Together with that GFCF and agglomeration are also important determinants of state-wise FDI inflows.

Research limitations/implications

The major limitation of the study is that it doesn't include moderated impact of economic and institutional determinants of FDI inflows in Indian states, which can be an avenue for future research. Future research can also carried out taking district-level data to further examine the determinants at district level in India.

Originality/value

The contribution of the present paper is three-fold, first, the author constructs a measure of different institutional variables, after normalization of data for the period 2000–2019, and the author choose the highest explaining factor with the highest variance explained then we constructed the indices for select variable, which further has been used in the panel data analysis technique. The author has found that macroeconomic variables, as well as institutional variables, are significant to attract FDI at the state level in India. The paper shows that corruption, political risk, IPR and legal system are the major institutional determinants of FDI inflows in India at the state level. States with higher domestic investment attract more FDI inflows, moreover, agglomeration is a very important determinant as the investors are more confident in investing at the same location, the reason behind this may be that the investors want to avoid the registration procedure for new land, administrative formalities or they feel more secure at the same place and keen to invest at the same place again.