bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New Austrian Tunnelling Method (NATM) – Experiences, critical discussion and outlook from an executive perspective
Authors: Bauer Manfred , Rath Andreas
Published: October 2020

Tunnel constructions according to the principles of NATM are representing an essential key competence for construction companies. Likewise, extensive demands are placed on the people involved, and essential rules and requirements must be taken into account in order to be used successfully. The current developments in the cooperation in project management as well as the tendencies in the environment are critically examined and attempts are made to explain the necessary measures to secure this construction method in the future. Successful implementations are presented using two selected project examples.
Predicting quantity and quality of life with the Future Elderly Model
Authors: Ermini Leaf Duncan , Tysinger Bryan , Goldman Dana P. , Lakdawalla Darius N.
Published: October 2020

The Future Elderly Model (FEM) is a microsimulation model designed to forecast health status, longevity, and a variety of economic outcomes. Compared to traditional actuarial models, microsimulation models provide greater opportunities for policy forecasting and richer detail, but they typically build upon smaller samples of data that may mitigate forecasting accuracy. We perform validation analyses of the FEM's mortality and quality of life forecasts using a version of the FEM estimated exclusively on early waves of data from the Health and Retirement Study. First, we compare FEM mortality and longevity projections to the actual mortality and longevity experience observed over the same period of time. We also compare the FEM results to actuarial forecasts of mortality and longevity during the same time. We find that FEM projections are generally in line with observed mortality rates and closely match longevity. Then, we assess the FEM's performance at predicting quality of life and longitudinal outcomes, two features missing from traditional actuarial models. Our analysis suggests the FEM performs at least as well as actuarial forecasts of mortality, while providing policy simulation features that are not available in actuarial models.
Mapping fluorescence resonance energy transfer parameters of a bifunctional agent using time‐domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography
Authors: Mo Weirong , Patel Nayan J. , Chen Yihui , Pandey Ravindra , Sunar Ulas
Published: October 2020

We present a method to map fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) parameters of a bifunctional photodynamic therapy agent, (2‐[1‐hexyloxyethyl]‐2‐devinyl pyropheophorbide‐a)‐cyanine dye (HPPH‐CD) conjugate, which consists of a photosensitizer (HPPH) and a fluorescent agent CD. We utilized time‐domain fluorescence diffuse optical tomography, the normalized Born ratio model in the Fourier‐domain, and an iterative algorithm to map depth‐resolved spatial heterogeneities of FRET parameters. Our results exhibited depth‐resolved changes of fluorophore's lifetime and the distance maps due to FRET between HPPH and CD. Our model suggests a potential approach of using FRET parameters to monitor efficacies of multifunctional photodynamic therapy agents in deep tissue.
In vivo sun protection factor and UVA protection factor determination using (hybrid) diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and a multi‐lambda‐LED light source
Authors: Throm Carolin Maria , Wiora Georg , Reble Carina , Schleusener Johannes , Schanzer Sabine , Karrer Hans , Kolbe Ludger , Khazaka Georg , Meinke Martina C. , Lademann Jürgen
Published: October 2020

The sun protection factor (SPF) values are currently determined using an invasive procedure, in which the volunteers are irradiated with ultraviolet (UV) light. Non‐invasive approaches based on hybrid diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (HDRS) have shown a good correlation with conventional SPF testing. Here, we present a novel compact and adjustable DRS test system. The in vivo measurements were performed using a multi‐lambda‐LED light source and an 84‐channel imaging spectrograph with a fiber optic probe for detection. A transmission spectrum was calculated based on the reflectance measured with sunscreen and the reflectance measured without sunscreen. The preexposure in vitro spectrum was fitted to the in vivo spectrum. Each of the 11 test products was investigated on 10 volunteers. The SPF and UVA‐PF values obtained by this new approach were compared with in vivo SPF results determined by certified test institutes. A correlation coefficient R2 = 0.86 for SPF, and R2 = 0.92 for UVA‐PF were calculated. Having examined various approaches to apply the HDRS principle, the method we present was found to produce valid and reproducible results, suggesting that the multi‐lambda‐LED device is suitable for in‐vivo SPF testing based on the HDRS principle as well as for in‐vivo UVA‐PF measurements.
Systematic literature review of persistence of engineering transfer students
Authors: Smith Natasha L. , Van Aken Eileen M.
Published: October 2020

Background

Increasing the number of engineering graduates continues to be a national priority and influences the need to understand persistence of all student pathways. Few studies have focused on engineering transfer student pathways and their success post‐transfer, suggesting a need for a more comprehensive analysis of existing research to advance this area.

Purpose

A comprehensive literature review was conducted to identify the factors found in the literature that most significantly affect engineering transfer student persistence, discuss themes that span the factors, and identify the frameworks used in the literature to understand engineering transfer student persistence.

Scope/Method

A systematic literature review method was used to capture a broad range of publications. A thematic synthesis approach was used to analyze the results of the final publication set.

Results

The systematic review identified 76 publications in this research area, and analysis of these publications resulted in 33 unique factors and 3 overarching themes. Additionally, 13 persistence frameworks were identified as being used to understand engineering transfer student persistence.

Conclusions

Findings from this work suggest that the primary methods institutions can use to increase persistence in engineering of this population are increasing pre‐transfer academic requirements, increasing student integration, and providing an inclusive institutional culture. This review also supports the need for an updated persistence framework that considers the characteristics of engineering transfer students. Gaps in the literature were also identified and indicate a need to differentiate vertical and lateral transfer students as well as extend the review of post‐transfer academics beyond the first post‐transfer year.
LINC01089 inhibits the progression of cervical cancer via inhibiting miR‐27a‐3p and increasing BTG2
Authors: Li Shuoxi , Han Yu , Liang Xuesong , Zhao Min
Published: October 2020

Background

Increasing evidence confirms that long non‐coding RNA (lncRNA) has a vital impact on the procession of cervical cancer (CC). The present study aimed to investigate the clinical significance of LINC01089 in CC, as well as explore its biological functions and potential molecular mechanisms.

Methods

A quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR) was utilized to investigate the expression of LINC01089 and miR‐27a‐3p in CC cells and tissues. Analysis of the correlation between the expression level of LINC01089 and the clinical pathological parameters of CC was then conducted. The human CC cell lines HeLa and SiHa were utilized for transfection to establish a gain‐of‐function model and loss‐of‐function models. Western blotting and a qRT‐PCR were performed to detect B‐cell translocation gene‐2 (BTG2) expression in CC cells. Cell counting kit (CCK)‐8 and 5‐bromo‐2‐deoxyuridine (BrdU) assays were performed to detect the proliferation of CC cells. The transwell method was employed to evaluate the migration and invasion of CC cells. The interactions between LINC01089 and miR‐27a‐3p were verified by bioinformatics, a dual luciferase reporter gene experiment and a RNA immunoprecipitation experiment, respectively.

Results

The expression of LINC01089 in CC was markedly down‐regulated. The low expression of LINC01089 in CC was closely associated with a larger tumor size and positive lymph node metastasis. Moreover, overexpression of LINC01089 impeded the proliferation and metastasis of CC cells, whereas knockdown of LINC01089 had the opposite biological functions. In terms of mechanism, LINC01089 could sponge miR‐27a‐3p and indirectly up‐regulate BTG2 expression.

Conclusions

LINC01089, as a tumor suppressor, impedes the development of CC by targeting miR‐27a‐3p to up‐regulate BTG2 expression.
Clique‐convergence is undecidable for automatic graphs
Authors: Cedillo C. , Pizaña M. A.
Published: October 2020

The clique operator transforms a graph into its clique graph , which is the intersection graph of all the (maximal) cliques of . Iterated clique graphs are then defined by , . If there are some such that , then we say that is clique‐convergent. The clique graph operator and iterated clique graphs have been studied extensively, but no characterization for clique‐convergence has been found so far. Automatic graphs are (not necessarily finite) graphs whose vertices and edges can be recognized by finite automata. Automatic graphs (and automatic structures) have strong decidability properties inherited from the finite automata defining them. Here we prove that clique‐convergence is algorithmically undecidable for the class of automatic graphs. Moreover, the problem remains undecidable, if we reduce to the class that contain only quasi‐clique‐Helly and bounded degree graphs. As a consequence, it follows that clique‐convergence for automatic graphs is not first‐order expressible.
Communication clarity in calls for papers issued by journal special issues: First impressions matter
Authors: Plakhotnik Maria S.
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine communication clarity in calls for papers issued by peer reviewed journals for special issues. I wanted to explore what could hinder and help guest editors to communicate their intent to potential contributors. I searched peer reviewed journals in the field of human resource management published by five leading publishers, including Emerald, Sage, Wiley, Taylor & Francis, and Elsevier. Forty‐seven journals were identified, and the sample included 33 calls for papers that I examined using content analysis. The results showed that many guest editors include a problem statement; purpose statement including explicative statements and specifications; and research questions, topics, or themes. Based on this result, I created a composite profile that describes how guest editors typically craft their calls, including the average number of sources, topics, and paragraphs. I also identified eight additional tools guest editors use to increase clarity of their calls. Additionally, my analysis indicated that guest editors vary greatly in their approaches to crafting calls for papers. I identified a number of inconsistencies, inaccuracies, omissions, and redundancies that could confuse or discourage potential contributors. Journal editors could use the results of this study to examine their editorial strategies and practices and revise and improve their guidelines and templates related to special issues and their calls. Special issue guest editors might use the study results to increase the chances of receiving quality submissions.
Exponential decay for a nonlinear axially moving viscoelastic string
Authors: Kelleche Abdelkarim , Tatar Nasser‐eddine
Published: October 2020

This paper is concerned with the stabilization of a nonlinear axially moving viscoelastic string. First, we show under suitable conditions on the initial data that solutions exist globally by using the potential well method. Then, we prove that the produced damping by the viscoelastic term is sufficient to guarantee an exponential decay of solutions. This is established by imposing weaker conditions than the commonly used ones on the relaxation function and by utilizing an appropriate boundary controller.
In vivo absolute quantification of hepatic γ‐ATP concentration in mice using 31P MRS at 11.7 T
Authors: Rothe Maik , Wessel Corinna , Cames Sandra , Szendroedi Julia , Burkart Volker , Hwang Jong‐Hee , Roden Michael
Published: October 2020

Measurement of ATP concentrations and synthesis in humans indicated abnormal hepatic energy metabolism in obesity, non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and Type 2 diabetes. Further mechanistic studies on energy metabolism require the detailed phenotyping of specific mouse models. Thus, this study aimed to establish and evaluate a robust and fast single voxel 31P MRS method to quantify hepatic γ‐ATP concentrations at 11.7 T in three mouse models with different insulin sensitivities and liver fat contents (72‐week‐old C57BL/6 control mice, 72‐week‐old insulin resistant sterol regulatory‐element binding protein‐1c overexpressing (SREBP‐1c+) mice and 10‐12‐week‐old prediabetic non‐obese diabetic (NOD) mice). Absolute quantification was performed by employing an external reference and a matching replacement ATP phantom with 3D image selected in vivo spectroscopy 31P MRS. This single voxel 31P MRS method non‐invasively quantified hepatic γ‐ATP within 17 min and the repeatability tests provided a coefficient of variation of 7.8 ± 1.1%. The mean hepatic γ‐ATP concentrations were markedly lower in SREBP‐1c+ mice (1.14 ± 0.10 mM) than in C57BL/6 mice (2.15 ± 0.13 mM; p < 0.0002) and NOD mice (1.78 ± 0.13 mM; p < 0.006, one‐way ANOVA test). In conclusion, this method allows us to rapidly and precisely measure hepatic γ‐ATP concentrations, and thereby to non‐invasively detect abnormal hepatic energy metabolism in mice with different degrees of insulin resistance and NAFLD. Thus, this 31P MRS will also be useful for future mechanistic as well as therapeutic translational studies in other murine models.
Understanding despotic leadership through the lens of Islamic work ethics
Authors: Islam Talat , Ahmed Ishfaq , Ali Muhammad , Ahmer Zeshan , Usman Bushra
Published: October 2020

Deleterious leadership is at rising, while its harmful effects have recently gained researchers' attention. Based on social exchange and conservation of resources perspectives, this study aims at investigating the harmful effect of dark side of a leader (i.e., despotic leadership) on job dissatisfaction and organizational deviance considering the moderating effect of Islamic work ethics (IWE). The data were collected from supervisor‐subordinate dyads through a self‐administrated questionnaire‐based survey. A total of 746 useful responses were statistically evaluated through structural equation modeling technique, and it was found that despotic leadership has a strong relationship with job dissatisfaction and organizational deviance. Furthermore, IWE was found to buffer the positive effect of despotic leadership on job dissatisfaction; whereas reverse the positive relationship of despotic leadership with deviance. Anchoring on social exchange and conservation of resource perspectives, our study contributes to the limited literature on harmful effects of despotic leadership on subordinates. We further contributed by identifying when and how these effects can be buffered or reversed. The findings of our study suggest policymakers and organizations the ways through which the damaging effects of despotic leadership can be controlled and minimized.
Phase 1 study of pomalidomide in children with recurrent, refractory, and progressive central nervous system tumors: A Pediatric Brain Tumor Consortium trial
Authors: Fangusaro Jason , Mitchell Duane A. , Kocak Mehmet , Robinson Giles W. , Baxter Patricia Ann , Hwang Eugene I. , Huang Jianping , Onar‐Thomas Arzu , Dunkel Ira J. , Fouladi Maryam , Warren Katherine E.
Published: October 2020

Background

Central nervous system (CNS) malignancies are the most common solid tumors among children, and novel therapies are needed to help improve survival. Pomalidomide is an immunomodulatory agent that displays antiangiogenic and cytotoxic activity, making it an appropriate candidate to explore in pediatric CNS tumors.

Methods

A phase 1 first in pediatric trial of pomalidomide was conducted in children with recurrent, progressive, and refractory CNS tumors. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and/or recommended phase 2 dose (RP2D) when given orally once daily for 21 consecutive days of a 28‐day cycle. Once the MTD was established, 12 additional patients were enrolled on expansion cohorts based on age and steroid use.

Results

Twenty‐nine children were enrolled and 25 were evaluable for dose‐limiting toxicity (DLT). The MTD was 2.6 mg/m2 (dose level 2). Four DLTs were observed in three patients at dose level 3 (3.4 mg/m2) includeding grade 3 diarrhea, grade 3 thrombocytopenia, grade 3 lung infection, and grade 4 neutropenia. The most common adverse events were grade 1 and 2 myelosuppression. One patient with an oligodendroglioma had stable disease for nine cycles, and a second patient with an anaplastic pleomorphic xanthoastrocytoma achieved a sustained partial response. Immunologic analyses suggested that pomalidomide triggers immunomodulation.

Conclusions

The MTD of pomalidomide is 2.6 mg/m2. It was well tolerated, and immune correlates showed a serum immune response. These data led to an industry‐sponsored phase 2 trial of pomalidomide monotherapy in children with recurrent brain tumors (NCT03257631).
Design and optimization of tapered carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer rim for carbon/aluminum assembled wheel
Authors: Wang Dengfeng , Xu Wenchao , Wang Yong , Gao Jingbo
Published: October 2020

A multi‐objective integrated optimization framework that considers the manufacturing process in the design of a tapered carbon‐fiber‐reinforced polymer (CFRP) rim structure was established. Firstly, the three‐zone symmetrically stacked CFRP rim structure was proposed and modeled. The bending and radial fatigue and 13° impact of the carbon/aluminum‐assembled wheel composed of CFRP rim and aluminum alloy spoke were analysed. Coupling lay‐up thickness, sequence and angle as design variables, multi‐objective integrated optimization design for the tapered CFRP rim structure was performed through radial basis function neural network surrogate model combined with an elitist non‐dominated sorting genetic algorithm approach. Pareto‐optimal solutions were obtained, and the trade‐off solution was selected through grey relational analysis coupled with entropy weighting method. Finally, the tapered CFRP rim was manufactured through molding and autoclave forming technology. The CFRP rim has a weight saving of 17.2% compared with the previously developed forged magnesium alloy rim of the same size. The bending and radial fatigue and 13° impact performance of the assembled wheel were then validated by corresponding physical test, results of which met GB 36581‐2018 standard.
Impact of COVID‐19 on glycaemic control: a retrospective cohort study in a local district general hospital
Authors: Saqib Aaisha , Solanki Pratik , Carroll Matthew , Gough Andrew , Oguntolu Victor
Published: October 2020

The aim of our study was to review how COVID‐19 infection affects glycaemic control. We retrospectively reviewed case notes of 55 patients and found no episodes of uncontrolled hyperglycaemia in patients without pre‐existing diabetes. Uncontrolled hyperglycaemia was only seen in patients with elevated HbA1c, indicating pre‐existing diabetes.

While it is established that the presence of diabetes predisposes to severe clinical forms of COVID‐19, it is yet to be determined if COVID‐19 predisposes to diabetes or adverse glycaemic outcomes.
Cactus: Chemical, nutraceutical composition and potential bio‐pharmacological properties
Authors: Das Gitishree , Lim Kyung Jik , Tantengco Ourlad Alzeus G. , Carag Harold M. , Gonçalves Sandra , Romano Anabela , Das Swagat Kumar , Coy‐Barrera Ericsson , Shin Han‐Seung , Gutiérrez‐Grijalva Erick Paul , Heredia J. Basilio , Patra Jayanta Kumar
Published: October 2020

Cactus species are plants that grow in the arid and semiarid regions of the world. They have long fascinated the attention of the scientific community due to their unusual biology. Cactus species are used for a variety of purposes, such as food, fodder, ornamental, and as medicinal plants. In the last regard, they have been used in traditional medicine for eras by the ancient people to cure several diseases. Recent scientific investigations suggest that cactus materials may be used as a source of naturally‐occurring products, such as mucilage, fiber, pigments, and antioxidants. For this reason, numerous species under this family are becoming endangered and extinct. This review provides an overview of the habitat, classification, phytochemistry, chemical constituents, extraction and isolation of bioactive compounds, nutritional and pharmacological potential with pre‐clinical and clinical studies of different Cactus species. Furthermore, conservation strategies for the ornamental and endangered species have also been discussed.
Tsallis q‐exponentials as atomic orbitals in two‐electron systems
Authors: Lombardo Giuseppe Marcello
Published: October 2020

The use of simple q‐exponential functions, derived from Tsallis entropy distribution, as basis set of atomic orbitals, is explored within the non‐relativistic limit. As compared to Gaussian or to STO (Slater type orbitals) basis set, considering q as variational parameter, q‐exponentials functions lower considerably the energy of two electron systems, always respecting the Ritz variation principle, where E ≥ E0, with E0 being the true energy. The q parameter attains the highest value of 1.209 for Z = 1 (H−) slowly going down toward 1 as Z grows (for Z = 36 q = 1.005225, Kr+34). Interestingly, the correlation energy as determined considering the exact solution by the calculations of Pekeris with the current ones, shows a regular variation as a function of the q parameter. Moreover, the study confirms the link between correlation energy and Shannon information entropy.
An Unsymmetrical Perylene Diimide Dye Modified Carbon Felt Electrode as A Novel Electrochemical Platform for Dopamine Detection
Authors: Varol Tuğba Ören , Avcı Okan , Haklı Özgül , Xue Chenming , Li Quan , Anık Ülkü
Published: October 2020

A novel perylene diimide (PDI‐C8SAc) was used as a modifier for carbon felt electrode (CFE) and prepared modified electrode was applied for dopamine detection. Obtained electrochemical current was almost 15‐fold higher compared to plain CFE. Also a cathodic shift in the peak potential was obtained indicating the electrocatalytic effect of the developed sensor. Under optimized experimental conditions, a linear range was observed between 1–100 μM with a limit of detection value of 0.084 μM (n=3). The fabricated sensor was successfully utilized for the dopamine determination in dopamine based medicines.
From substitution to redefinition: A framework of machine learning‐based science assessment
Authors: Zhai Xiaoming , C. Haudek Kevin , Shi Lehong , H. Nehm Ross , Urban‐Lurain Mark
Published: October 2020

This study develops a framework to conceptualize the use and evolution of machine learning (ML) in science assessment. We systematically reviewed 47 studies that applied ML in science assessment and classified them into five categories: (a) constructed response, (b) essay, (c) simulation, (d) educational game, and (e) inter‐discipline. We compared the ML‐based and conventional science assessments and extracted 12 critical characteristics to map three variables in a three‐dimensional framework: construct, functionality, and automaticity. The 12 characteristics used to construct a profile for ML‐based science assessments for each article were further analyzed by a two‐step cluster analysis. The clusters identified for each variable were summarized into four levels to illustrate the evolution of each. We further conducted cluster analysis to identify four classes of assessment across the three variables. Based on the analysis, we conclude that ML has transformed—but not yet redefined—conventional science assessment practice in terms of fundamental purpose, the nature of the science assessment, and the relevant assessment challenges. Along with the three‐dimensional framework, we propose five anticipated trends for incorporating ML in science assessment practice for future studies: addressing developmental cognition, changing the process of educational decision making, personalized science learning, borrowing 'good' to advance 'good', and integrating knowledge from other disciplines into science assessment.
Leveraging a Graduate Student Teaching Fellows Program to Enhance Undergraduate Education
Authors: Branchaw Janet L. , Theisen Cara H. , Trimby Christopher
Published: October 2020

This chapter describes a professional development program that integrates training in college teaching with an authentic classroom teaching experience. Benefits to graduate students in the program and undergraduate students in the linked disciplinary first‐year seminar are discussed.
The Short Course as a Model for Teaching STEM Graduate Student Instructors About Course Design
Authors: Weaver Jennifer E.
Published: October 2020

This chapter describes a short course model of pedagogical training for graduate student instructors that offers a primer on course design. Participants engage in an intensive community‐based program and gain knowledge and confidence in implementing evidence‐based teaching approaches.
Privacy preserving big data analytics: A critical analysis of state‐of‐the‐art
Authors: Pramanik M. Ileas , Lau Raymond Y. K. , Hossain Md Sakir , Rahoman Md Mizanur , Debnath Sumon Kumar , Rashed Md Golam , Uddin Md Zasim
Published: October 2020

In the era of “big data,” a huge number of people, devices, and sensors are connected via digital networks and the cross‐plays among these entities generate enormous valuable data that facilitate organizations to innovate and grow. However, the data deluge also raises serious privacy concerns which may cause a regulatory backlash and hinder further organizational innovation. To address the challenge of information privacy, researchers have explored privacy‐preserving methodologies in the past two decades. However, a thorough study of privacy preserving big data analytics is missing in existing literature. The main contributions of this article include a systematic evaluation of various privacy preservation approaches and a critical analysis of the state‐of‐the‐art privacy preserving big data analytics methodologies. More specifically, we propose a four‐dimensional framework for analyzing and designing the next generation of privacy preserving big data analytics approaches. Besides, we contribute to pinpoint the potential opportunities and challenges of applying privacy preserving big data analytics to business settings. We provide five recommendations of effectively applying privacy‐preserving big data analytics to businesses. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first systematic study about state‐of‐the‐art in privacy‐preserving big data analytics. The managerial implication of our study is that organizations can apply the results of our critical analysis to strengthen their strategic deployment of big data analytics in business settings, and hence to better leverage big data for sustainable organizational innovation and growth.

This article is categorized under:

Commercial, Legal, and Ethical Issues > Security and Privacy

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Big Data Mining

Fundamental Concepts of Data and Knowledge > Data Concepts
Lifting heptagon symbols to functions
Authors: Dixon Lance J. , Liu Yu-Ting
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Seven-point amplitudes in planar $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 4 super-Yang-Mills theory have previously been constructed through four loops using the Steinmann cluster bootstrap, but only at the level of the symbol. We promote these symbols to actual functions, by specifying their first derivatives and boundary conditions on a particular two-dimensional surface. To do this, we impose branch-cut conditions and construct the entire heptagon function space through weight six. We plot the amplitudes on a few lines in the bulk Euclidean region, and explore the properties of the heptagon function space under the coaction associated with multiple polylogarithms.
Out of the swampland with multifield quintessence?
Authors: Cicoli Michele , Dibitetto Giuseppe , Pedro Francisco G.
Published: October 2020

Abstract

Multifield models with a curved field space have already been shown to be able to provide viable quintessence models for steep potentials that satisfy swampland bounds. The simplest dynamical systems of this type are obtained by coupling Einstein gravity to two scalar fields with a curved field space. In this paper we study the stability properties of the non-trivial fixed points of this dynamical system for a general functional dependence of the kinetic coupling function and the scalar potential. We find the existence of non-geodesic trajectories with a sharp turning rate in field space which can give rise to late-time cosmic acceleration with no need for flat potentials. In particular, we discuss the properties of the phase diagram of the system and the corresponding time evolution when varying the functional dependence of the kinetic coupling. Interestingly, upon properly tuning the initial conditions of the field values, we find trajectories that can describe the current state of the universe. This could represent a promising avenue to build viable quintessence models out of the swampland if they could be consistently embedded in explicit string constructions.
Distributions of extremal black holes in Calabi-Yau compactifications
Authors: Hulsey George , Kachru Shamit , Yang Sungyeon , Zimet Max
Published: October 2020

Abstract

We study non-supersymmetric extremal black hole excitations of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$
N
= 2 supersymmetric string vacua arising from compactification on Calabi-Yau threefolds. The values of the (vector multiplet) moduli at the black hole horizon are governed by the attractor mechanism. This raises natural questions, such as “what is the distribution of attractor points on moduli space?” and “how many attractor black holes are there with horizon area up to a certain size?” We employ tools developed by Denef and Douglas [1] to answer these questions.
Biosynthetic Resorbable Prosthesis is Useful in Single‐Stage Management of Chronic Mesh Infection After Abdominal Wall Hernia Repair
Authors: Bueno‐Lledó José , Ceno Marsela , Perez‐Alonso Carla , Martinez‐Hoed Jesús , Torregrosa‐Gallud Antonio , Pous‐Serrano Salvador
Published: October 2020

Background

The goal of this article was to report the results about the efficacy of treatment of chronic mesh infection (CMI) after abdominal wall hernia repair (AWHR) in one‐stage management, with complete mesh explantation of infected prosthesis and simultaneous reinforcement with a biosynthetic poly‐4‐hydroxybutyrate absorbable (P4HB) mesh.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of all patients that needed mesh removal for CMI between September 2016 and January 2019 at a tertiary center. Epidemiological data, hernia characteristics, surgical, and postoperative variables (Clavien–Dindo classification) of these patients were analyzed.

Results

Of the 32 patients who required mesh explantation, 30 received one‐stage management of CMI. In 60% of the patients, abdominal wall reconstruction was necessary after the infected mesh removal: 8 cases (26.6%) were treated with Rives–Stoppa repair, 4 (13.3%) with a fascial plication, 1 (3.3%) with anterior component separation, and 1 (3.3%) with transversus abdominis release to repair hernia defects. Three Lichtenstein (10%) and 1 Nyhus repairs (3.3%) were performed in patients with groin hernias. The most frequent postoperative complications were surgical site occurrences: seroma in 5 (20%) patients, hematoma in 2 (6.6%) patients, and wound infection in 1 (3.3%) patient. During the mean follow‐up of 34.5 months (range 23–46 months), the overall recurrence rate was 3.3%. Persistent, recurrent, or new CMIs were not observed.

Conclusions

In our experience, single‐stage management of CMI with complete removal of infected prosthesis and replacement with a P4HB mesh is feasible with acceptable results in terms of mesh reinfection and hernia recurrence.
Fine-scale rainfall over New Caledonia under climate change
Authors: Dutheil Cyril , Menkes C. , Lengaigne M. , Vialard J. , Peltier A. , Bador M. , Petit X.
Published: October 2020

Global climate models projections indicate no clear future rainfall changes over the Southwestern Pacific islands in response to anthropogenic forcing. Yet, these models have low (~ 100–200 km) spatial resolution and suffer from large systematic biases, such as the trademark “double ITCZ”. Here, 4 km-resolution simulations were used with a nested regional atmospheric model, which resolves the New Caledonian mountainous topography. The resulting present-day rainfall amount, spatial structure, seasonal cycle, and extremes compare much better with observations than at 20 km resolution. We applied projected changes from global climate models under the RCP8.5 scenario at the boundaries, following an approach that corrects both their present-day and projected sea surface temperature biases. Unlike climate models, our refined projections reveal an 18% decrease in annual mean rainfall over New Caledonia by 2080–2100, especially on the leeward side of the island (up to 30%) and during the hot season (that accounts for ~ 80% of the rainfall decrease). This drying is robust without bias correction, and much stronger than at ~ 20 km resolution. It is mainly driven by circulation changes. A weather regime classification further demonstrates that ~ 80% of the hot season drying relates to a strong anti-cyclonic and air subsidence anomalies centred on the north of NC, which reduces moisture convergence over the archipelago. The frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation events is also reduced by ~ 20% by 2080–2100. This drastic projected drying would have dramatic impacts on water resources and terrestrial ecosystems, pleading for carefully-planned adaptation policies for New Caledonia.
Experiences with the Kono-S anastomosis in Crohn’s disease of the terminal ileum—a cohort study
Authors: Horisberger K. , Birrer D. L. , Rickenbacher A. , Turina M.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The most frequent long-term complication after ileocecal resection in Crohn’s disease is anastomotic recurrence and subsequent stenosis. Recurrence typically begins at the site of the anastomosis, raising the question of whether the surgical technique of the anastomosis could affect recurrence rates. Kono-S anastomosis is a hand-sewn antimesenteric functional end-to-end anastomosis that offers a wide lumen that is well accessible for endoscopic dilatation. The purpose of our study is to review the rate of postoperative complications almost 2 years after the introduction of this technique.

Materials and methods

This is a prospective single-center cohort study of all consecutive patients with Crohn’s disease undergoing ileocecal resection. Patients’ characteristics as well as specific data for the surgical procedure and short-term outcome were evaluated.

Results

Thirty patients were operated for Crohn’s disease of the terminal ileum (n = 24) or anastomotic recurrence (n = 6). Postoperative complications with a Clavien-Dindo Score ≥ IIIb were observed in three patients. One patient showed a hemorrhage and underwent surgical hemostasis. Two patients developed anastomotic leakage; in both cases, ileostomy was created after resection of the anastomosis. The median hospital stay was 9 days (IQR 7–12). A comparison with a historic group of conventionally operated patients of our hospital revealed no differences in short-term results except for the duration of surgery.

Conclusion

The Kono-S anastomosis is associated with acceptable short-term results, complications, and recurrence rates comparable with the established anastomotic techniques. Longer operation times are observed, but the few published studies concerning long-term recurrence are promising.
Environmental conditions alter successional trajectories on an ephemeral resource: a field experiment with beetles in dead wood
Authors: Vindstad Ole Petter Laksforsmo , Birkemoe Tone , Ims Rolf Anker , Sverdrup-Thygeson Anne
Published: October 2020

Successional processes can be observed for many organisms and resources, but most studies of succession have focused on plants. A general framework has been proposed, advocating that successional patterns in species turnover are predominantly driven by competition, dispersal or abiotic limitation, and that the patterning of species accumulation over time gives clues to which process is most influential in a given system. We applied this framework to succession in communities of wood-living beetles, utilizing ephemeral resources in the form of 60 experimentally created dead aspen high stumps. High stumps were created at sun-exposed sites (high ambient temperature; favourable abiotic conditions) and shaded sites (low ambient temperature; abiotically limiting conditions). The sites were intermixed, ensuring similar dispersal opportunities. Beetle species richness and abundance were monitored with flight interception traps over four consecutive years. Consistent with predictions from the tested framework, several beetle functional groups accumulated species more slowly at the unfavourable shaded sites than at the favourable exposed sites. Species richness at the exposed sites increased rapidly to a plateau, consistent with a limiting effect of competition on community development. Similar results were obtained for beetle abundance and community structure. Part of the variance in beetle community structure was jointly explained by habitat and fungal community composition, suggesting that differences in the composition and developmental rate of fungal communities in the two habitats contributed to the observed patterns. Targeted experimental studies are now required to decisively establish what processes underlie the contrasting successional trajectories in the two environments.
Early relapse rate determines further relapse risk: results of a 5-year follow-up study on pediatric CFH-Ab HUS
Authors: Hofer Johannes , Riedl Khursigara Magdalena , Perl Markus , Giner Thomas , Rosales Alejandra , Cortina Gerard , Waldegger Siegfied , Jungraithmayr Therese , Würzner Reinhard
Published: October 2020

Background

The complement factor H antibody (CFH-Ab)–associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) forms a distinct subgroup within the complement-mediated HUS disease spectrum. The autoimmune nature of this HUS subgroup implies the potential benefit of a targeted immunosuppressive therapy. Data on long-term outcome are scarce.

Methods

This observational study evaluates the clinical outcome of 19 pediatric CFH-Ab HUS patients from disease onset until their 5-year follow-up.

Results

All but one relapse occurred during the first 2 years, and patients who had no relapse within the first 6 months were relapse-free until the end of the observation period. Kidney function at disease onset determines long-term kidney function: all individuals with normal kidney function at disease onset had normal kidney function after 5 years, and all patients with reduced kidney function at onset had impaired kidney function at the last follow-up. Level of CFH-Ab titer at disease onset was not correlated with a higher risk of recurrences or worse long-term outcome after 5 years. Resolution of CFH-Ab titers after 5 years was common.

Conclusions

CFH-Ab HUS patients have a varied overall long-term course. Early relapses are common, making close surveillance during the first years essential, regardless of the initial CFH-Ab titer.
Uferfiltration – Stand der Technik und neue Herausforderungen
Authors: Handl Sebastian , Schmoller Christoph , Perfler Reinhard
Published: October 2020

Die Uferfiltration ist eine naturnahe Methode der Trinkwassergewinnung, bei der Oberflächenwasser durch die Förderung von ufernahem Grundwasser in den Untergrund infiltriert und dabei natürlich gereinigt wird. Während der Fließstrecke vom Oberflächenwasser bis hin zum Brunnen finden verschiedene physikalische, chemische und mikrobiologische Prozesse statt. Neben der Aufenthaltszeit des Wassers im Untergrund haben die Redoxbedingungen den größten Einfluss auf wesentliche Entfernungsvorgänge wie biologischen Abbau und Sorption. Neben den noch unspezifischen Konsequenzen infolge des Klimawandels, stellen heute insbesondere „neu aufkommende“ Spurenstoffe, die teilweise noch unzureichend erforscht und in toxikologischer Hinsicht schwer einschätzbar sind, das zentrale Problem dar. Die Uferfiltration stellt im Vergleich zu alternativen Aufbereitungsverfahren von Wasser aus Oberflächengewässern eine effektive Methode insbesondere auch zur Reduktion der Kosten dar.
Yoga effectively reduces fatigue and symptoms of depression in patients with different types of cancer
Authors: Zetzl Teresa , Renner Agnes , Pittig Andre , Jentschke Elisabeth , Roch Carmen , van Oorschot Birgitt
Published: October 2020

Purpose

Examine the effects of an 8-week yoga therapy on fatigue in patients with different types of cancer.

Methods

A total of 173 cancer patients suffering from mild to severe fatigue were randomly allocated to yoga intervention (n = 84) (IG) versus waitlist control group (CG) (n = 88). Yoga therapy consisted of eight weekly sessions with 60 min each. The primary outcome was self-reported fatigue symptoms. Secondary outcomes were symptoms of depression and quality of life (QoL). Data were assessed using questionnaires before (T0) and after yoga therapy for IG versus waiting period for CG (T1).

Results

A stronger reduction of general fatigue (P = .033), physical fatigue (P = .048), and depression (P < .001) as well as a stronger increase in QoL (P = .002) was found for patients who attended 7 or 8 sessions compared with controls. Within the yoga group, both higher attendance rate and lower T0-fatigue were significant predictors of lower T1-fatigue (P ≤ .001). Exploratory results revealed that women with breast cancer report a higher reduction of fatigue than women with other types of cancer (P = .016) after yoga therapy.

Conclusion

The findings support the assumption that yoga therapy is useful to reduce cancer-related fatigue, especially for the physical aspects of fatigue. Women with breast cancer seem to benefit most, and higher attendance rate results in greater reduction of fatigue.

Trial registration

German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00016034
Retrospective analysis of complications in 190 mandibular resections and simultaneous reconstructions with free fibula flap, iliac crest flap or reconstruction plate: a comparative single centre study
Authors: Ritschl Lucas M. , Mücke Thomas , Hart Diandra , Unterhuber Tobias , Kehl Victoria , Wolff Klaus-Dietrich , Fichter Andreas M.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incidence of complications following mandibular reconstruction and to analyse possible contributing factors.

Materials and methods

Clinical data and computed tomography scans of all patients who needed a mandibular reconstruction with a reconstruction plate, free fibula flap (FFF) or iliac crest (DCIA) flap between August 2010 and August 2015 were retrospectively analysed.

Results

One hundred and ninety patients were enrolled, encompassing 77 reconstructions with reconstruction plate, 89 reconstructions with FFF and 24 reconstructions with DCIA flaps. Cutaneous perforation was most frequently detected in the plate subgroup within the early interval and overall (each p = 0.004). Low body mass index (BMI) and total radiation dosage were the most relevant risk factors for the development of analysed complications.

Conclusions

Microvascular bone flaps have overall less skin perforation than reconstruction plates. BMI and expected total radiation dosage have to be respected in choice of reconstructive technique.

Clinical relevance

A treatment algorithm for mandibular reconstructions on the basis of our results is presented.
Takayasu arteritis: a cohort of Italian patients and recent pathogenetic and therapeutic advances
Authors: Dammacco Franco , Cirulli Anna , Simeone Annalisa , Leone Patrizia , Pulli Raffaele , Angiletta Domenico , Rubini Giuseppe , Di Palo Alessandra , Vacca Angelo , Dammacco Rosanna
Published: October 2020

Takayasu arteritis (TAK) is a rare granulomatous vasculitis of unknown etiology that mainly affects the aorta and its major branches. The aim is to describe the clinical features, diagnostic procedures, pathogenesis, and management of TAK in a longitudinal cohort of patients recruited within a single region of southern Italy. The cohort included 43 patients who were diagnosed with TAK and followed up according to a standard protocol, in a collaboration between four university tertiary referral centers and a regional hospital. Clinical and imaging classification criteria were those established by the American College of Rheumatology. Thirty-five patients (81.4%) were female, and the mean age at disease onset was 32.6 (range 16–54) years. Angiographic assessment of the vascular involvement allowed disease classification in five different types. Clinical features ranged from constitutional symptoms in the early inflammatory stage of the disease to cardiovascular ischemic symptoms in the late, chronic stage. Noninvasive imaging techniques were employed to assess the extent and severity of the arterial wall damage and to monitor the clinical course and response to therapy. Medical treatment, based on pathogenetic insights into the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immune mechanisms, included glucocorticoids mostly combined with steroid-sparing immunosuppressive agents and, in patients with relapsing/refractory disease, biologic drugs. Significant clinical and angiographic differences have been detected in TAK patients from different geographic areas. Patients with life-threatening cardiovascular and neurologic manifestations as well as sight-threatening ophthalmologic signs and symptoms should be promptly diagnosed, properly treated, and closely followed up to avoid potentially severe consequences.
The invasive Opuntia ficus-indica homogenizes native plant species compositions in the highlands of Eritrea
Authors: Tesfay Yohannes B. , Kreyling Juergen
Published: October 2020

Invasion by exotic species is recognized as one of the major threats to biodiversity. The effects of invasion byOpuntia ficus-indica(Cactaceae) on the species diversity, richness and composition of invaded communities were studied at three sites in the highlands of Eritrea, East Africa. This paper investigates whether the presence ofO. ficus-indicacauses a negative effect on the native biodiversity in a region rarely studied so far. The vegetation in invaded and uninvaded plots with similar habitat conditions was sampled and differences in the species composition, diversity and richness were compared between the plots. The overall plant species composition differed significantly with invasion byO. ficus-indica. The invasion byO. ficus-indicaalso led to a significant homogenization of community compositions. The species richness and Shannon diversity index did not differ significantly between the invaded and uninvaded plots. Nevertheless, we still detected species with significantly lower occurrence in the invaded plots (Psiadia punctulata), but also species which preferred invaded plots (Plectranthus hadiensis). We conclude thatO. ficus-indicaexerts a negligible effect on the species diversity and richness but that it affects species composition and that there are species which suffer due to its presence. Due to the continuous pressure of the invasion byO. ficus-indicaon the species composition and dry climates, further homogenization in the native species diversity is to be expected in the future for the highlands of Eritrea.