bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a directional resistivity logging-while-drilling tool using a joint-coil antenna and its geosteering applications
Authors: Wang Zhong , Wang Huaping , Davis Treston , Li Jing , Wu Suming , Ren Wei , Ce Liu Richard
Published: May 2018

Geosteering is a key technique to increase oil- and gas-production rates, especially within a thin reservoir layer. The purpose of geosteering in the production zone is to keep the drilling path in oil- and gas-bearing reservoirs. To keep the drilling system inside the production zone, downhole sensors must be able to detect bed boundaries, which include identifying the boundary location with respect to the sensor and the boundary distance from the sensor. We have developed a directional resistivity logging-while-drilling (LWD) tool for geosteering applications. The directional LWD tool is equipped with a joint-coil antenna composed of an axially polarized coil Rz connected in series with two transversely polarized coils Rx. During a revolution around the axis of the tool, the voltage of the axial coil VRz, voltage of the transverse coils VRx, and tool face angle [Formula: see text], which indicates the boundary direction, can be extracted through curve fitting the total voltage response of the joint-coil antenna. The distance to the boundary can be derived from a 1D inversion. The LWD tool has been tested in several reservoirs in China, and it has a demonstrated capability to provide reliable and accurate estimations of the boundary direction and distance. Field data indicate that the boundary detection depth can reach 2.1 and 1.7 m when the tool is in a sand and shale formation. Using wireline-logging data from surrounding wells as reference, deviations between the reference and the measured distance to the boundary are within 0.2 m.
BRCA1/2 Mutations and Bevacizumab in the Neoadjuvant Treatment of Breast Cancer: Response and Prognosis Results in Patients With Triple-Negative Breast Cancer From the GeparQuinto Study
Authors: Fasching Peter A. , Loibl Sibylle , Hu Chunling , Hart Steven N. , Shimelis Hermela , Moore Raymond , Schem Christian , Tesch Hans , Untch Michael , Hilfrich Jörn , Rezai Mahdi , Gerber Bernd , Costa Serban Dan , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Fehm Tanja , Huober Jens , Liedtke Cornelia , Weinshilboum Richard M. , Wang Liewei , Ingle James N. , Müller Volkmar , Nekljudova Valentina , Weber Karsten E. , Rack Brigitte , Rübner Matthias , von Minckwitz Gunter , Couch Fergus J.
Published: May 2018

Purpose

BRCA1/2 mutations are frequent in patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). These patients are often treated with primary systemic chemotherapy. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of BRCA1/2 mutations on pathologic complete response (pCR) and disease-free survival (DFS) in a cohort of patients with TNBC treated with anthracycline and taxane–containing chemotherapy, with or without bevacizumab.

Patients and Methods

Germline DNA was sequenced to identify mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in 493 patients with TNBC from the GeparQuinto study. The pCR rates were compared in patients with and without mutation, as well as in patients treated with and without bevacizumab. In addition, the influence of BRCA1/2 mutation status and pCR status on DFS was evaluated relative to treatment.

Results

BRCA1/2 mutations were detected in 18.3% of patients with TNBC. Overall, patients with mutations had a pCR rate of 50%, compared with 31.5% in patients without a mutation (odds ratio [OR], 2.17; 95% CI, 1.37 to 3.46; P = .001). The pCR rate among patients treated with bevacizumab was 61.5% for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers and 35.6% for those without mutations (OR, 2.90; 95% CI, 1.43 to 5.89; P = .004). pCR was a strong predictor of DFS for patients without BRCA1/2 mutations (hazard ratio, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.31) but not for patients with BRCA1/2 mutations (hazard ratio, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.32 to 1.69).

Conclusion

The addition of bevacizumab may increase the pCR after standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy for patients with TNBC with BRCA1/2 mutations. In patients treated with anthracycline and taxane–based chemotherapy (with or without bevacizumab), pCR was a weaker predictor of DFS for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers than for patients without mutations.
Cardiac Structure Injury After Radiotherapy for Breast Cancer: Cross-Sectional Study With Individual Patient Data
Authors: Taylor Carolyn , McGale Paul , Brønnum Dorthe , Correa Candace , Cutter David , Duane Frances K. , Gigante Bruna , Jensen Maj-Britt , Lorenzen Ebbe , Rahimi Kazem , Wang Zhe , Darby Sarah C. , Hall Per , Ewertz Marianne
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Incidental cardiac irradiation can cause cardiac injury, but little is known about the effect of radiation on specific cardiac segments.

Methods

For 456 women who received breast cancer radiotherapy between 1958 and 2001 and then later experienced a major coronary event, information was obtained on the radiotherapy regimen they received and on the location of their cardiac injury. For 414 women, all with documented location of left ventricular (LV) injury, doses to five LV segments were estimated. For 133 women, all with documented location of coronary artery disease with ≥ 70% stenosis, doses to six coronary artery segments were estimated. For each segment, numbers of women with left-sided and right-sided breast cancer were compared.

Results

Of women with LV injury, 243 had left-sided breast cancer and 171 had right-sided breast cancer (ratio of left v right, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.17 to 1.73), reflecting the higher typical LV radiation doses in left-sided cancer (average dose left-sided, 8.3 Gy; average dose right-sided, 0.6 Gy; left minus right dose difference, 7.7 Gy). For individual LV segments, the ratios of women with left- versus right-sided radiotherapy were as follows: inferior, 0.94 (95% CI, 0.70 to 1.25); lateral, 1.42 (95% CI, 1.04 to 1.95); septal, 2.09 (95% CI, 1.37 to 3.19); anterior, 1.85 (95% CI, 1.39 to 2.46); and apex, 4.64 (95% CI, 2.42 to 8.90); corresponding left-minus-right dose differences for these segments were 2.7, 4.9, 7.2, 10.4, and 21.6 Gy, respectively ( Ptrend < .001). For women with coronary artery disease, the ratios of women with left- versus right-radiotherapy for individual coronary artery segments were as follows: right coronary artery proximal, 0.48 (95% CI, 0.26 to 0.91); right coronary artery mid or distal, 1.69 (95% CI, 0.85 to 3.36); circumflex proximal, 1.46 (95% CI, 0.72 to 2.96); circumflex distal, 1.11 (95% CI, 0.45 to 2.73); left anterior descending proximal, 1.89 (95% CI, 1.07 to 3.34); and left anterior descending mid or distal, 2.33 (95% CI, 1.19 to 4.59); corresponding left-minus-right dose differences for these segements were −5.0, −2.5, 1.6, 3.5, 9.5, and 38.8 Gy ( Ptrend = .002).

Conclusion

For individual LV and coronary artery segments, higher radiation doses were strongly associated with more frequent injury, suggesting that all segments are sensitive to radiation and that doses to all segments should be minimized.
Clearings and Transmissions
Authors: Smith Rachel
Published: May 2018

This article considers the complicated relationship between mysticism, repetition, and critique, saying and unsaying. It counters the figuration of mysticism as critical insofar as it is understood to solely consist in negation of the forms, language, and structures of religious practice and community. Such a view, it argues, hierarchizes the apophatic (negation) and cataphatic (affirmation), sequestering them from each other, rendering the “mystical” disembodied and ahistorical, unbound by negation from the theological and ritual traditions from which it arises. In the late ancient and medieval periods, it shows, those seeking God undertake ritualized repetition of prayers, reading, and bodily mortification. In texts teaching apophasis, students learn within the context of a personal relationship to the teacher, as students seek to repeat the practices, stances, aspirations, and techniques of the teacher who is exemplar.
Feeling and Wisdom in theSefer Bahir
Authors: Segol Marla
Published: May 2018

This essay brings a fresh approach to the early kabbalistic work, the Sefer Bahir (the Book of Clarity, tenth to twelfth century, Hebrew). It does a close reading of its imagery, focusing on water, to illuminate its contested provenance and to challenge prevailing conceptions of its function. Most scholars agree that the work was composed in two layers (tenth and twelfth centuries), which together articulate the sefirotic cosmos at the heart of kabbalah. Close study reveals significant differences in the two layers, as the first is set in a dry and rocky landscape with water supplied by springs and cisterns, and the second in a lush and stormy place with a sophisticated plumbing system. Composed in different milieus, they articulate different cosmologies to cultivate different experiences: the first confounds taxonomic categories to cultivate an affect of mystical unity, while the second creates categories for an orderly cosmological system.
Cleveland Clinic Postural Stability Index Norms for the Balance Error Scoring System
Authors: LINDER SUSAN M. , OZINGA SARAH J. , KOOP MANDY MILLER , DEY TANUJIT , FIGLER RICHARD , CRUICKSHANK JASON , ALBERTS JAY L.
Published: May 2018

Introduction

Despite the widespread utilization of the Balance Error Scoring System (BESS) in the evaluation of concussion, it has been criticized for its error-based scoring that is susceptible to floor and ceiling effects and substantial inter-rater variability. A biomechanical outcome, Cleveland Clinic Postural Stability Index (CC-PSI), has been developed as an alternative to subjective BESS scoring. The CC-PSI uses inertial sensor data within a mobile device to provide an objective measure of postural sway during the BESS. This project aimed to determine the effect of age and sex on the CC-PSI and report normative values for healthy, active children, adolescents, and young adults.

Methods

A cross-sectional sample of 6762 student-athletes completed BESS testing. Participants were stratified according to three age groups for each sex. The groups included the following: youth (age, 5–13 yr), males (n= 360), females (n= 246); high school (age, 14–18 yr), males (n= 3743), females (n= 1673); and college (age, 19–23 yr), males (n= 497), females (n= 243). Percentile rankings were determined for each participant to characterize movement of COM in the medial–lateral, anterior–posterior, and trunk rotation directions relative to the entire cohort during the BESS stances.

Results

Overall, postural stability was worse in youth compared with high school and collegiate athletes. Specifically, the CC-PSI was significantly worse in youth male athletes compared with high school and collegiate male athletes (P< 0.001). Females exhibited significantly better scores compared with males in youth and high school cohorts (P< 0.01).

Conclusions

The CC-PSI provides a quantitative, objective measure of postural stability, overcoming the limitations associated with conventional BESS scoring. Optimal concussion management should use objective age- and sex-specific values in the evaluation of postural stability. The normative values of the CC-PSI may be used in the absence of a baseline BESS evaluation to aid clinical decision making.
ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО РЕГУЛИРОВАНИЯ МИГРАЦИОННЫХ ПРОЦЕССОВ
Authors: Tarasenko Ekaterina Nikolaevna
Published: May 2018

Международная миграция населения существует не одно столетие, активизировал ее процесс глобализации. Разделяют внеэкономические причины международной миграции (причины, связанные с войнами, политическими и религиозными преследованиями, стремлением освоить новые пространства, желанием воссоединения семей, стихийными бедствиями) и экономические проблемы (поиски новой работы при отсутствии возможности трудоустроиться в собственной стране, поиски более оплачиваемой или творческой работы, более высокое качество жизни). В последнее время главным основанием миграции являются именно экономические причины, исходя из которых выделены популярные миграционные коридоры и ведущие направления миграции трудовых кадров. Проанализированы основные центры притяжения миграции, а именно – Соединённые Штаты Америки, Федеративная Республика Германии и Российская Федерация. Отмечено, что средства и методы реализации государственной миграционной политики изменяются в зависимости от конкретной ситуации на рынке труда. Так, в условиях дефицита трудовых ресурсов в некоторых европейских странах, например, Германии, используются методы стимулирования иммиграции. Когда же возникает потребность снижения уровня иммиграции, как в случае США, государственное регулирование устанавливает барьеры новому притоку иностранных рабочих. Выявлено, что динамика миграционных процессов прежде всего обусловлена социальными явлениями. Неблагоприятные внешние условия: ухудшение экономической, экологической или политической ситуации в стране проживания становятся важными факторами, обуславливающими готовность потенциальных переселенцев к вынужденной миграции. Однако мигрантам свойственны различные социально-экономические характеристики, и поэтому они выбирают ту страну для миграции, которая им будет ближе по социально-психологическим особенностям.Цель – изучение зарубежного опыта государственного регулирования миграционных процессов и определение основных центров притяжения рабочей силы путем анализа иммиграционной политики развитых стран мира.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались статистические методы анализа, экономико-математические методы, а также методы эмпирического исследования, такие как наблюдение и сравнение.Результаты: получены информативные причины миграции населения, установлены механизмы государственной регуляции миграции показывающие некоторые аспекты проведения анализа миграционной политики основных центров притяжения рабочей силы.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять органам государственного управления при разработке миграционной политики и механизмов ее реализации, исследователям миграционных процессов для развития научной дискуссии.
ПРОБЛЕМЫ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АВТОСТРАХОВАНИЯ В РФ
Authors: Shanikhina Nadezhda Nikolaevna , Okuneva Anastasia Alekseevna
Published: May 2018

Страхование, как эффективная система и важнейший компонент инфраструктуры экономики позволяет предпринимательской деятельности создать возможности для развития. В России уровень страхования сегодня имеет большое количество проблем, в результате того, что в страховой защите населения не обеспечиваются все потребности, а также с недостаточностью экономических предпосылок образования коммерческого страхования. В результате чего увеличивается число страховщиков финансово неустойчивых, платежеспособность которых не соответствует требованиям законодательства. Это говорит о серьезных внутренних проблемах, препятствующих развитию страховой коммерческой деятельности.Рынок автострахования является одним из проблемных сектор экономики страны, и это связано с постоянным ростом, как страховых тарифов, так и страховых выплат, которые обусловлены высокими рисками в отрасли автострахования; так и постоянными изменениями в законодательстве с целью упразднить основные нормы законов, регулирующих автострахование в России. В статье предпринята попытка обобщить основные существующие проблемы на сегодняшний день и определить перспективы развития на рынке автострахования в 2018 году.Цель – определить перспективы развития и выявить основные проблемы на рынке автострахования в России.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались экономико-статистические методы, а также сравнительный анализ.Результаты: выявлены проблемы рынка автострахования в России, определены перспективы развития автострахования.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут найти применение в учебном процессе при подготовке страховщиков и написании учебных пособий по дисциплинам страхования.
СОЦИАЛЬНОЕ ПАРТНЕРСТВО В ПРОФЕССИОНАЛЬНОМ ОБРАЗОВАНИИ: ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНО-ОРГАНИЗАЦИОННЫЕ ОСНОВЫ
Authors: Levitskaya Irina Aleksandrovnа
Published: May 2018

Социальное партнерство в системе профессионального образования представлено как один из важнейших аспектов государственно-общественного управления системой образованием. Модернизация системы профессионального образования происходит в условиях обновления системы отношений между субъектами на рынке труда и образовательных услуг. Наличие функциональных связей системы высшего образования с производственными, коммерческими и общественными структурами решает стратегические задачи регулирования рынка труда в стране. В статье рассматривается роль государства в становлении новой системы отношений между потребителями и заказчиками образовательных услуг с учетом максимального согласования интересов всех субъектов образовательного процесса. Системный подход к анализу типов взаимодействия профессиональных образовательных учреждений с субъектами и институтами рынка труда является методологическим основанием социального партнерства в профессиональном образовании.Цель: анализ условий и факторов государственно-общественного управления системой профессионального экономического образования.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовались экономико-математические, системно-аналитические и структурно-ретроспективные методы, а также статистические и факторные методы анализа.Результаты: Установлено, что социальное партнерство в системе общественных отношений есть важный элемент в формировании современного подхода к профессиональному образованию. Проведен анализ регионального социального партнерства в Кузбассе с целью выявления общих тенденций развития государственной поддержки сетевого партнерства в образовании на муниципальном уровне. Организация сетевого партнерства в профессиональном образовании на региональном уровне отражает потребность современного общества в высококвалифицированных кадрах и характеризуется интеграцией всех ответственных субъектов в вопросе организации профессионального образования.Область применения результатов: Рассмотрены факторы и условия становления системы сетевого взаимодействия организаций высшего образования и различных субъектов и институтов рынка труда с целью повышения социальной значимости профессионализации и конкурентоспособности будущих специалистов. На основе факторного анализа выявлен комплекс системных противоречий инновационного социально-экономического развития и модернизации педагогического процесса и системы профессиональной подготовки будущих специалистов. Нормативное включение профессионального образования в систему базовых приоритетов социально-экономического развития Российской Федерации есть показатель реальной заинтересованности общества и государства в дальнейшем развитии социального партнерства.
The Value of Fit Information in Online Retail: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment
Authors: Gallino Santiago , Moreno Antonio
Published: May 2018

Online channels generate frictions when selling products with nondigital attributes, such as apparel. Customers may be reluctant to purchase products they have not been able to try on and those customers who do purchase may return products when they do not fit as expected. Virtual fitting-room technologies provide information about how a product fits a particular customer and promise to mitigate some of the frictions the information gap generates in the retailers’ supply chains. By implementing a series of randomized field experiments, we study the value of virtual fit information in online retail. In our experiments, customers are randomly assigned to a treatment condition where virtual fit information is available or to a control condition where virtual fit information is not available. Our results show that offering virtual fit information increases conversion rates and order value, and reduces fulfillment costs arising from returns and home try-on behavior, that is, customers ordering multiple sizes of the same product. We explore mechanisms through which providing virtual fit information helps customers and retailers. We argue that the virtual fitting tool creates spillovers even to products that are not available for virtual try-on, increases loyalty, helps customers better parse their choice sets, and reduces uncertainty by providing size recommendation.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0686 .
Approximation Algorithms for a Class of Stochastic Selection Problems with Reward and Cost Considerations
Authors: Strinka Zohar M.A. , Romeijn H. Edwin
Published: May 2018

We study a class of problems with both binary selection decisions and associated continuous choices that result in stochastic rewards and costs. The rewards are received based on the decision maker’s selection, and the costs depend both on the decisions and realizations of the stochastic variables. We consider a family of risk-based objective functions that contains the traditional risk-neutral expected-value objective as a special case. A combination of rounding and sample average approximation is used to produce solutions that are guaranteed to be close to the optimal solution with high probability. We also provide an empirical comparison of the performance of the algorithms on a set of randomly generated instances of a supply chain example problem. The computational results illustrate the theoretical claims in the paper that, for this problem, high-quality solutions can be found with small computational effort.
Scheduled Paratransit Transport Enhanced by Accessible Taxis
Authors: Dikas G. , Minis I.
Published: May 2018

In this paper we propose and study a new paratransit transportation system that integrates accessible taxi (or private hire) services, the most widely used form of disabled transport, with semiflexible public bus services that deviate from their nominal route to provide door-to-door transport. The scope of this system is to serve all paratransit orders received and minimize the overall transport cost under practical service quality imperatives. The proposed system and its design aspects are studied by modeling the related planning problem as a mixed integer-linear program. The program incorporates important cost and service-level considerations, and it is solved to optimality by a new exact branch-and-price approach that leverages two types of subproblems, one per mode. An extensive experimental study has been performed to (a) assess the advantage of integrating the two modes, (b) assess the efficiency of the proposed solution method, and (c) provide system design guidelines for achieving an appropriate balance between system operating costs and service quality.
O VALOR DEMOCRÁTICO DA EDUCAÇÃO NO JOVEM FLORESTAN FERNANDES
Authors: Souza Alexandre
Published: May 2018

O artigo trata da abordagem sobre educação e democracia por Florestan Fernandes, em sua juventude. O objetivo é identificar na obra sociológica/educacional de Fernandes, a indicação da educação como um valor e sua relação com o ideal democrático dos anos de 1950. Interessa a compreensão desse ideal construído pelo autor, período de sua juventude. Época marcada por uma série de mobilizações, pela democratização da educação e da vida social do país. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa simultaneamente bibliográfica e biográfica ancorada nos textos sócio educacionais de/e sobre Florestan Fernandes e quanto ao período de 1950, no Brasil. Redescobre-se um jovem professor militante inspirado pelos acontecimentos do seu tempo, em busca de horizontes capazes de responder suas angústias, por meio da solidariedade e na possibilidade de existências de si e do outro.
SEGREGAÇÃO, ESCOLA E DESIGUALDADES: RACIALIZANDO AS OPORTUNIDADES EDUCACIONAIS
Authors: Raul Jessica M. , Rodrigues José Roberto Da Silva
Published: May 2018

Este artigo objetiva uma análise racializada do fenômeno da segregação residencial para a reprodução das desigualdades educacionais na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Entendemos que tanto a segregação socioespacial, quanto as relações humanas estabelecidas em um mundo hierarquizado a partir de pressupostos raciais tem efeitos negativos para os que estão nela envolvidos, com maior prejuízo para população negra porque, além de lhe causar danos psíquicos, se materializam em suas vidas gerando uma condição de subalternidade (OLIVEIRA, 2012). “Estudos sobre cotidiano escolar que tem como objeto central as relações raciais, evidenciam um contexto escolar desfavorável à população negra” (COSTA, 2012, p. 267). Examinaremos, à luz da pedagogia, o tema da segregação, partindo da reflexão sobre o território e suas implicações para a efetivação de direitos como educação, considerando a particularidade da segregação carioca, que, para além padrão núcleo-periferia, é marcada também por uma proximidade física e distância social. [R1]..têm..
TEMPO E DOCÊNCIA: A FRAGMENTAÇÃO E INTENSIFICAÇÃO DO TRABALHO DOCENTE
Authors: Nepomuceno Vera Lucia da Costa
Published: May 2018

ResenhaSILVA, Amanda Moreira da. Tempo e Docência: Dilemas, Valores e Usos na Realidade Educacional. Jundiaí, Paco Editorial, 2017. 176p.
Can we give culturally competent care?
Authors: Kelly Sophie
Published: May 2018

Sophie Kelly, currently studying for MA Nursing (children and young people), University of Salford, reflects on the challenges of providing care for families with differing cultural backgrounds
Summer dietary management
Authors: Grimwood Katie
Published: May 2018

Katie Grimwood BSc (Hons), equine nutrtionist at Baileys Horse Feeds, outlines the pitfalls
Emergency care of the equine neonate in the field
Authors: Prutton James SW
Published: May 2018

James SW Prutton BSc (Hons) BVSc DipACVIM DipECEIM MRCVS, Equine Medicine Specialist, Liphook Equine Hospital, outlines the assessment process
Projection of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Emissions in Coming Decades in Indian Context
Authors: Nawaz I.
Published: May 2018

Every observable movement involves energy. Hence, energy is obviously an important determinant in the development of a nation. To be specific, the standard of living is directly related to the per capita energy consumption in the region. The per capita energy consumption is mostly due to consumption of electricity. Therefore, electric power is one of the key factors in development of a country. The combined effect of population growth and increase in industrial, domestic and agricultural activities are inevitable and the basic reason for the increase in the worldwide energy demand. Particularly in the Indian context, the power demand is likely to increase by 7% per annum in the next few decades; assuming a GDP growth of 9%. The major resources of electricity generation are the conventional fossil fuels: coal, oil and natural gas. At present, 55% of electricity generated in India is from coal. However, use of coal for electricity generation results in increase of CO2 concentration in atmosphere. In this study, an attempt has been made to estimate the increase in CO2 emission on the basis of statistical analysis using the available data of power production and projected population growth.
Response Surface Approach for Optimization of Sinker Electric Discharge Machine Process Parameters on AISI 4140 Alloy Steel
Authors: Vishwakarma, Manish , Khare V. K. , Parashar Vishal
Published: May 2018

The purpose of this paper is to determine the optimal factors of the electro-discharge machining (EDM) process investigate feasibility of design of experiment techniques. The work pieces used were rectangular plates of AISI 4140 grade steel alloy. The study of optimized settings of key machining factors like pulse on time, gap voltage, flushing pressure,input current and duty cycle on the material removal,surface roughness is been carried out using central composite design. The output responses measured were material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness. Mathematical models are proposed for the above responses using response surface methodology (RSM). The results reveals that MRR is more influenced by peak current, duty factor. Finally, the parameters were optimized for maximum MRR with the desired surface roughness
IR, Raman, First Hyperpolarizability and Computational Study of 1-chloroethyl Benzene
Authors: Varghese Hema Tresa , Panicker C. Yohannan , Mary Y1 Sheena
Published: May 2018

The FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 1-chloroethylbenzene were recorded and analyzed. The harmonic vibrational wavaenumbers were calculated theoretically using Gaussian03 set of quantum chemistry codes. The calculated wavenumbers (B3LYP) agree well with the observed wavenumbers. The calculated first hyperpolarizability is reported and the title compound is an attractive object for further studies of nonlinear optics.
Synthesis, Spectroscopic Properties of Nickel (II) Complex of the new Bis amide Ligand N, N’- alkanelid bis amide [Ni(NABA)]+
Authors: Ghammamy Shahriar
Published: May 2018

We describe the synthesis and characterization of a new Nickel (II) complex of the bis amide ligand N, N’- alkanelid bis amide that abbreviated as NABA was synthesized and characterized. Ni (II) Metal complex of this bis amide ligand was prepared by reaction of chloride salt of Ni (II) with NABA. Characterization of the ligand was made by microanalyses, FT-IR,1HNMR and its complex was made by microanalyses, FT-IR and UV–Visible spectroscopy.
Discussion and Analysis of Ball Rolling (Ballizing) Process with Elastic and Plastic Deformation between Ball and Material
Authors: Upadhyay Pawan K. , Agarwal Pankaj , Ansari A. R.
Published: May 2018

In this regard ballizing may be the only means of producing exact size holes which can have no corner break and must also be burr free. Mated holes having slight elbow or s-bends can be finished in one pass and interrupted areas such as cross holes recesses do not create problems. Nor does ballizing throw burrs or chips into them as could occur if the piece were broached reamed or honed. The method applies to metallic materials, and they should have homogenous structure. If there are hard spots in castings, ballizing will not be carried out uniformly, any of the ferrous, non ferrous or stainless screw stocks can be processed with good results. Parts can also be ballized after case hardening or plating up to but not including the hard chromium level. The work piece should not be harder than 45 RC. Ball should have more hardness than work piece.
Creep and Material Design
Authors: Oruganti Ram
Published: May 2018

When a material is subjected to temperature and stress, it deforms slowly resulting in permanent shape change. If the same amount of stress were applied at room temperature, the material would not budge. This deformation at high temperature under low stresses is called creep. This phenomenon is important for OEM’S like GE etc. since turbine components are exposed to low stress and high temperature and the resulting shape change is not a desirable consequence. Apart from the change in shape, the components can eventually rupture leading to catastrophic consequences. So it is imperative that the nature of this phenomenon is understood well. Some of the questions to be answered are 1) What makes one material more resistant to creep that the other 2) How can a material’s creep resistance be improved 3) How can the current creep damage in a component be measured 4) Is it possible to say what fraction of the total life of a component has been consumed by creep.
The significance of friendship in UK single mothers’ intimate lives
Authors: Morris Charlotte Ann
Published: May 2018

This article explores friendship as an aspect of the intimate lives of heterosexual single mothers. It has been argued that friendship holds an increasing significance in intimate lives, against a backdrop of increasing choice and declining emphasis on kinship ties. In this context, friendship has been viewed as displacing the centrality of heteronormative romantic relationships and, in this research, friendships were often accorded a higher status. In this narrative study, participants related shifts in their personal landscapes of intimacy on becoming single mothers. Friendships were narrated as multifaceted, offering practical and emotional support, alongside acceptance. Foregrounding friendship provided possibilities for positive identifications in a context in which single mothers are often subject to judgements. While friendships were not usually described as an alternative to couple-centred family life – which retained its status as the ideal intimate form – for some, single motherhood entailed an opening out of intimate possibilities beyond the couple.
Time after Time: A news magazine’s covers during the 2008 and 2016 US presidential elections
Authors: Paskin Danny
Published: May 2018

The study compares how Time magazine, one of the most established and iconic news magazines in the world, covered the US presidential elections in 2008 and 2016. The study applies framing theory and design principles to examine how the magazine presented information in general and, more specifically, on the elections through its covers. A content analysis of 95 covers total from both years was performed, comparing several aspects concerning both the content of the magazine and the design, including typography, art and colour. Results showed that Time kept an unbiased, consistent and traditional style between the two elections, despite the very contrasting elections of 2008 and 2016 which, as the study argues, may not be an ideal outcome.
UNCERTAINTY OF QUALITATIVE RESULTS OF CHEMICAL ANALYSES IN FIRE SAFETY
Authors: Dvořák Otto
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the current issue of evaluation of qualitative results uncertainty of chemical analyses in the example of chromatographic analyses of specimens of accelerants from a fire place with the SPME-GC/MS technique. The suitability of this technique demonstrates with the results of alidation measurements of analytical characteristics: sensitivity, detection limits, linearity, selectivity and repeatability. It characterizes briefly the current state of knowledge in the area and applies the Bayesian theory for the unconditional “a-priori” probability of an analyte presence in a sample, P (H) of 0.5 and 0.95 for calculation estimates the “a-posteriori” conditional probability of the presence of the analyte in the sample relative to the experimental evidence, P (H / E) with the results of 0.97 and 0.98. This result can be interpreted as a high level of assurance of the hypothesis of presence of the analyte in the sample. In conclusion it is stated that the knowledge can also be applied in the field of construction not only in qualitative analyses of building materials / products, e. g, by FTIR, but also in the probability risk assessment.
SEISMIC RESPONSE ANALYSIS OF LONG-SPAN CABLE-STAYED BRIDGE WITH NONLINEAR VISCOUS DAMPERS UNDER DIFFERENT PERIODIC SEISMIC WAVES
Authors: Baiben Chen , Zhongren Feng , Huimin You
Published: May 2018

In order to study the effect of nonlinear viscous dampers on the seismic response of long-span cable-stayed bridge under different periodic seismic waves, as Erdong Yangtze River Bridge which main span is 926 meters in Hubei province of China for the research object, nonlinear viscous dampers are simulated by Maxwell model, and four viscous dampers are set at the joint of main tower and beam. The displacement and internal force responses of cable-stayed bridge with different velocity index and damping coefficient of nonlinear viscous dampers are analysed and discussed, in the situation of that long period and ordinary period seismic waves are input as earthquake motions. Analysis results show that: the displacement and internal force responses of long-span cable-stayed bridge under long period seismic wave are more negative; the displacements of key nodes of bridge can be reduced effectively by nonlinear viscous dampers; the internal force responses of bridge would be influenced greatly by the combination of different parameters of viscous dampers; the growth of shear and bending moment at the bottom of the tower can be controlled in an acceptable range by the reasonable parameter combination; the ideal parameter combination is that velocity index of viscous damper is 0.6 and the damping coefficient is 7000 N.(s/m)α for this cable-stayed bridge under long-period seismic wave.
A STUDY ON SEISMIC VULNERABILITY ANALYSIS OF CONCRETE GRAVITY DAM WITH STRAIN RATE EFFECT
Authors: Wang Hai-tao , Shen Jiayu , Wu Feng , An Zhiqiang , Liu Tianyun
Published: May 2018

The seismic vulnerability analysis of gravity dam can predict the probability of dam damage at different levels under different seismic loads. It is significant to evaluate the seismic safety, optimize the seismic design and develop the reinforcement measures of gravity dam. Based on the uncertainty of the material parameters of concrete and the earthquake, the seismic vulnerability analysis of the Koyna gravity dam with the strain rate effect is carried out. The dam vulnerability analysis method and the seismic vulnerability curve of Koyna gravity dam are given. The results show when the strain rate effect is considered, the probability of severe damage and dam break is less than without considering strain rate effect. Dam head break, dam heel crack and combination failure are the typical seismic damages of gravity dam, which is in line with the actual damage of the Koyna dam.The results show that the dam head, dam heel and slope break are the key parts to focus.
The potential of Bacillus strains isolated from the rumen content of dairy cows as natural antibacterial and antioxidant agents for broilers
Authors: Sugiharto S. , Yudiarti T. , Isroli I. , Widiastuti E. , Wahyuni H.I. , Suprijatna E.
Published: May 2018

The study was conducted to investigate the in vitro antibacterial activity and antioxidant-enhancing effect of Bacillus strains isolated from the rumen content of dairy cows. The antibacterial activity of Bacillus strains was assessed against Escherichia colibased on the agar-well diffusion method. To assess the antioxidant-enhancing effect, the Bacillusstrains was mixed (prepared as multi-strains) and used to ferment herbal medicine waste (HMW). The effect was compared with that of commercial probiotic Bacillus subtilis and non fermented HWM. Results showed that each Bacillus strain was able to inhibit the growth of E. coli. Fermentation with mixed Bacillus strains tended (P=0.07) to enhance the 2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals scavenging activity and total phenolics content of HMW. In contrast, fermentation with commercial Bacillus subtilis tended (P=0.07) to decrease DPPH radical scavenging activity and total phenol of HMW. Fermentation with both Bacillus preparations increased (P<0.05) the contents of crude protein and ash in HMW, while crude fat increased  (P<0.05) in HMW fermented with Bacillus subtilis. Fermentation either with Bacillus subtilis or mixed Bacillus strains increased (P<0.05) the fiber content of HMW. In conclusion, Bacillus strains isolated from the rumen content of dairy cows showed antibacterial activity and antioxidant-enhancing effect, therefore, they are potential as feed additive to substitute synthetic antibiotics and antioxidants for broilers raised under tropical conditions.
The effect of hatchery waste meal in ration on nutrient retention and performances of laying quails
Authors: Indreswari R. , Ratriyanto A.
Published: May 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of hatchery waste meal (HWM) as a whole or without shell (shell-less) in the diet on nutrient retention and performance of quails. The study used 500 female quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 30 days with an average initial body weight of 94.75±4.17 gr. The quails were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments in a completely randomized design with 5 replicates of 20 quails. The dietary treatments were: Control = basal diet, Whole 4% = 96% basal diet + 4% whole HWM, Whole 8% = 92% basal diet + 8% whole HWM, Shell-less HWM 4% = 96% basal diet + 4% of shell-less HWM, Shell-less HWM 8% = 92% basal diet + 8% of shell-less HWM. The data were subjected to analysis of variance, when the treatments indicated significant effect it was continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Quails fed HWM up to 8% improved (P<0.05) their crude fat retention, apparent metabolizable energy, calcium consumption and calcium retention (P<0.05). In addition, HWM in the ration increased the performance, and also yolk and albumen weight, but decreased (P<0.05) yolk and albumen index. It can be concluded that HWM improved performance and nutrient retention of quails.
The effect of coating of edible film from bovine split hide gelatin on beef meatballs properties
Authors: Wulandari D. , Yuliatmo R. , Sugiyanto S.
Published: May 2018

The aim of research wasto determine the effect of the coating of edible film derived from bovine split hide gelatin on inhibiting microbiological damages and properties of the beef meatballs with different coating concentrations. The material used was gelatin types A (processed with acid curing agent) from the bovine split hide and glycerol. The completed randomize design (CRD) with a factorial pattern of 3 x 3 was used in this study. The first factor was 3 levels of coating concentration (0, 5, and 10%) and the second factor was 3 levels of storage time at 10oC (3, 6, and 9 days). It was continued to Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) if the treatment indicated significant effect at aprobability level of 5%.The results showed that the storage time and coating concentration affected the soluble protein, pH value, water holding capacity (WHC), and total plate count (TPC) in beef meatballs. Bovine split hide gelatin can be used as an edible coating on beef meatballs and extend the shelf time of beef meatballs.
Acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of the tuber of Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn in Wistar rats
Authors: Unuofin Jeremiah Oshiomame , Otunola Gloria Aderonke , Afolayan Anthony Jide
Published: May 2018

Kedrostis africana (L.) Cogn (Cucurbitaceae) is used in South African traditional medicine and pharmacopoeia as an emetic, purgative and diuretic, and it is used against dropsy in the management of obesity.

Aim of the study

In this study, acute and subacute toxicity of aqueous extract of K. africanatuber was evaluated in male and female Wistar rats in order to assess its safety profile.

Materials and methods

In acute toxicity, the effects of a single oral dose (2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg) of aqueous extract was determined in both sexes. General behavior, adverse effects and mortality were determined for 3 h and then periodically for 14 days. The subchronic toxicity test was performed in rats. The effects of the extract in daily single oral administration at the doses of 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg for 28 days were determined. Food and water intakes were monitored daily while body weight was monitored on a weekly bases. Hematological, biochemical and organ parameters were determined at the end of the 28-day administration.

Results

In the acute study, a single administration of the aqueous extract at the doses of 2,000 and 5,000 mg/kg did not induce mortality. Thus, the LD50 of the aqueous extract of K. africana (AEKA) has been estimated to be higher than 5,000 mg/kg. In the subchronic study, daily oral administration of the AEKA did not result in death of the rats or significant changes in hematological or biochemical parameters at the highest dose of 600 mg/kg. No alteration was observed in body weight, food and water intake. Liver, kidney and heart histopathology did not reveal morphological alteration.

Conclusions

The results showed that the aqueous tuber extract of K. africana did not cause any death, nor did it cause abnormalities in necropsy and histopathology findings. There were no acute or subchronic toxicity observed, and this indicates that the plant extract could be considered safe for oral medication.
Incidence of early-onset sepsis in infants born to women with clinical chorioamnionitis
Authors: Randis Tara M. , Rice Madeline Murguia , Myatt Leslie , Tita Alan T.N. , Leveno Kenneth J. , Reddy Uma M. , Varner Michael W. , Thorp John M. , Mercer Brian M. , Dinsmoor Mara J. , Ramin Susan M. , Carpenter Marshall W. , Samuels Philip , Sciscione Anthony , Tolosa Jorge E. , Saade George , Sorokin Yoram
Published: May 2018

Objective

To determine the frequency of sepsis and other adverse neonatal outcomes in women with a clinical diagnosis of chorioamnionitis.

Methods

We performed a secondary analysis of a multi-center placebo-controlled trial of vitamins C/E to prevent preeclampsia in low risk nulliparous women. Clinical chorioamnionitis was defined as either the “clinical diagnosis” of chorioamnionitis or antibiotic administration during labor because of an elevated temperature or uterine tenderness in the absence of another cause. Early-onset neonatal sepsis was categorized as “suspected” or “confirmed” based on a clinical diagnosis with negative or positive blood, urine or cerebral spinal fluid cultures, respectively, within 72 h of birth. Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by logistic regression.

Results

Data from 9391 mother-infant pairs were analyzed. The frequency of chorioamnionitis was 10.3%. Overall, 6.6% of the neonates were diagnosed with confirmed (0.2%) or suspected (6.4%) early-onset sepsis. Only 0.7% of infants born in the setting of chorioamnionitis had culture-proven early-onset sepsis versus 0.1% if chorioamnionitis was not present. Clinical chorioamnionitis was associated with both suspected [OR 4.01 (3.16–5.08)] and confirmed [OR 4.93 (1.65–14.74)] early-onset neonatal sepsis, a need for resuscitation within the first 30 min after birth [OR 2.10 (1.70–2.61)], respiratory distress [OR 3.14 (2.16–4.56)], 1 min Apgar score of ≤3 [OR 2.69 (2.01–3.60)] and 4–7 [OR 1.71 (1.43–2.04)] and 5 min Apgar score of 4–7 [OR 1.67 (1.17–2.37)] (vs. 8–10).

Conclusion

Clinical chorioamnionitis is common and is associated with neonatal morbidities. However, the vast majority of exposed infants (99.3%) do not have confirmed early-onset sepsis.
An update on the Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni in Nepal
Authors: Kusi Naresh , Acharya Raju , Ghimirey Yadav , Adhikary Bidhan , Werhahn Geraldine
Published: May 2018

In Nepal, the Tibetan argali Ovis ammon hodgsoni was documented from the Mustang and Humla districts until 2013. In 2016, we observed a young ram in the Dolpa district, providing the third locality record. We compiled historical data and our own observation data from 2013 to 2016 to discuss the present distribution of the Tibetan argali in Nepal. We suggest reassessing the National Red List to reclassify it as either “endangered” or “vulnerable”. We recommend management of livestock numbers, promotion of traditional practice of rotational grazing and raising conservation awareness, especially among herders visiting the argali habitat, for long-term conservation of the species in Nepal.
Do Heterogeneous Agricultural Factors Affect Farmland Contractual Choice?—Evidence from China
Authors: He Yiming , Luo Biliang , Zou Baoling
Published: May 2018

This paper introduces a game framework for farmland rent contract choice which incorporates the characteristic uncertainty about the quality of agricultural factors and heterogeneous agricultural attributes matching with rural land leasing contract and the dynamic contracting behavioral equilibrium. The game theoretic model shows that the farmland rent sharecropping is a Pareto optimum contract, that the different farmland use contractual arrangement will match with specific agricultural factors combination between farmland and labor, that sequential rational tenants will make the game transfer from Nash Equilibrium to Perfect Bayesian Equilibrium. Our field survey data of China between 2014 and 2015 is consistent with our theoretic hypothesis. The empirical results indicate that the tenant's age has significant negative effect on share contract, that social security, soil fertility and the number of plots have significant positive effect.