bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vaginal or Fecal Contamination Which Contributes to Parasite Existence in Urine Sediment
Authors: Siagian Forman Erwin
Published: May 2024

Aims: intended to deepen our knowledge to date regarding parasites that might found in urine sediment as consequences of vaginal or fecal contamination during voiding
Discussion: Urine in the bladder is a sterile waste product composed of water soluble nitrogen products. But during voiding, the passage of the urine through lower/outer portion of the urinary tract might come across normal microbiota which function in maintaining the urothelial integrity and preventing urinary tract infection (UTI), as well as promoting local immune function. Parasites and parasitic ova may be seen in urinary sediments as a result of fecal or vaginal contamination. Identification of parasites in centrifuged deposits of urine sediment is a relatively rare occurrence in clinical practice but still must be considered carefully, whether as a consequence of contamination or definite causes of infection. Two of the common parasite found in urine sediment are Trichomonas vaginalis and Enterobius vermicularis.  Urine collection procedure must be explained briefly to the patient along with appropriate informed consent prior obtaining the sample.
Conclusion: The possibility of parasites being found in urine sediment remain to happen. An in-depth analysis needs to be carried out to determine whether this occurs due to vaginal or rectal contamination or whether it is due to a definitive infection occurring in the urinary tract.
Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Urea, Boron and Zinc Sulphate on Growth Fruit Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cv. Winter Dawn
Authors: Beniwal Mahendra , Mishra Saket , Bahadur Vijay
Published: May 2024

The present experiment was conducted at Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. Prayagraj during the session 2023 - 2024. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replications, and the study consists of Ten treatment combinations including control by using different Effect of Foliar Application of Nano Urea, Boron and Zinc sulphate On Growth Fruit Yield and Quality of Strawberry. The best treatment was T9 (Nano urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.6% + Boron 0.6%) &T8 (Nano urea 1.5% + Zinc Sulphate 0.4% + Boron 0.4%) which shows highest values in all the parameters viz., Petiole length 90 DAT (10.00 cm), number of leaf/plant (36.95), plant spread N-S (cm) (35.69 cm), plant spread E-W (cm) (32.01 cm), runner production/plant (8.56), Fruit length (mm) (62.50 mm), Fruit width (39.67 mm), Fresh weight (g) (31.86), Number of fruit/plant (17.52), Fruit yield/ha. (54.79 q), TSS (11.29 brix), Vitamin C (50.83 mg/100 g), Acidity (0.57%). All the treatments were significantly superior in their growth, flowering, fruit yield and quality of strawberry over control (T0) and (T9).
Exploration of Teachers Perception on their Roles in Career Guidance among Secondary Schools Students Career Choices
Authors: Bello Ashiru , Abdallah Syed Muhamad Syed
Published: May 2024

Aims: The study aim to explore the perceptions of teachers on their roles as career guidance providers on the challenges and opportunities associated with guiding students towards career pathways
Study Design:  Using qualitative methodology, Participants of this study were carefully chosen as experienced career guidance masters from the selected schools in Katsina State. The data was gathered through semi-structured interview and which is guided by a validated interview protocol linked with the research objective.
Place and Duration of Study: Secondary schools of Katsina State Nigeria between December 2023 and April 2024.
Methodology: We included 10 teachers (5 men, 5 women; age range 25-55 years) with teaching experience. The data collected was carefully analysed using ATLAS.ti 23 software to draw the schematic diagrams leading to discuss each theme and category based on existing literature.
Results: From the findings, two main themes emerged from the analyses; “effectiveness of career guidance program and teachers' engagement”. From each of the two themes, three categories emerged with various quotations from the participants. These quotations were used to inform the development of more responsive and impactful career guidance initiatives within various educational institutions in Katsina state and beyond.
Conclusion: Ultimately, this study contributes to the on-going discourse on policy and the development of career guidance in schools as a realm of career development that fosters a more inclusive approach to student guidance and successful future professional. However, further research may be necessary, particularly in other geographical areas.
Assess Nurse's Knowledge toward Venous Thrombosis at Al-sharqat General Hospital
Authors: Mohammed Ismail Younes , Kumait Abid Salih
Published: May 2024

Background and Aims: A blood clot that is stuck in a deep vein is known as deep vein thrombosis, while a blood clot that has broken loose and migrated to the lungs is known as a pulmonary embolus. Thrombotic disorders are the world's most common cause of high mortality and morbidity among preventable diseases was to assess nurse's knowledge toward venous thrombosis at AL-Sharqat General Hospital and relationship between knowledge and their demographic data.
Study Design: A descriptive study.
Place and Duration of Study: Sample: This study was conducted at Al-Sharqat General Hospital in critical care unit and surgical department, between  November 2023 and May 2024.
Methodology: A purposive sample (non-probability) consisting of (25) nurses was selected from nurses who work in the critical care units and surgical department.
Results: The results showed that over half of the participants were female nurses, making up the majority of the group. These nurses had graduated from nursing institutes and had between one and five years of experience, without having attended any training courses. Results show that  nurses knowledge related to venous thrombosis was poor to moderate and there were no significant relationship between nurse's knowledge and their demographic data at P-value >0.05.
Conclusion: Nurses working in the surgical department, emergency units, and critical care units had poor knowledge regarding venous thrombosis because their education level was low and they had not attended training courses.
Low‐Temperature Growth of SnO2 Nanorod Arrays and Tunable n–p–n Sensing Response of a ZnO/SnO2 Heterojunction for Exclusive Hydrogen Sensors
Authors: Huang Hui , Gong Hua , Chow Chee Lap , Guo Jun , White Timothy John , Tse Man Siu , Tan Ooi Kiang
Published: May 2011

Uniform SnO2 nanorod arrays have been deposited at low temperature by plasma‐enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). ZnO surface modification is used to improve the selectivity of the SnO2 nanorod sensor to H2 gas. The ZnO‐modified SnO2 nanorod sensor shows a normal n‐type response to 100 ppm CO, NH3, and CH4 reducing gas whereas it exhibits concentration‐dependent n–p–n transitions for its sensing response to H2 gas. This abnormal sensing behavior can be explained by the formation of n‐ZnO/p‐Zn‐O‐Sn/n‐SnO2 heterojunction structures. The gas sensors can be used in highly selective H2 sensing and this study also opens up a general approach for tailoring the selectivity of gas sensors by surface modification.
Water‐Soluble Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide)–Graphene Sheets Synthesized via Click Chemistry for Drug Delivery
Authors: Pan Yongzheng , Bao Hongqian , Sahoo Nanda Gopal , Wu Tongfei , Li Lin
Published: May 2011

Covalently functionalized graphene sheets are prepared by grafting a well‐defined thermo‐responsive poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) via click chemistry. The PNIPAM‐grafted graphene sheets (PNIPAM‐GS) consist of about 50% polymer, which endows the sheets with a good solubility and stability in physiological solutions. The PNIPAM‐GS exhibits a hydrophilic to hydrophobic phase transition at 33 °C, which is relatively lower than that of a PNIPAM homopolymer because of the interaction between graphene sheets and grafted PNIPAM. Moreover, through π–π stacking and hydrophobic interaction between PNIPAM‐GS and an aromatic drug, the PNIPAM‐GS is able to load a water‐insoluble anticancer drug, camptothecin (CPT), with a superior loading capacity of 15.6 wt‐% (0.185 g CPT per g PNIPAM‐GS). The in vitro drug release behavior of the PNIPAM‐GS‐CPT complex is examined both in water and PBS at 37 °C. More importantly, the PNIPAM‐GS does not exhibit a practical toxicity and the PNIPAM‐GS‐CPT complex shows a high potency of killing cancer cells in vitro. The PNIPAM‐GS is demonstrated to be an effective vehicle for anticancer drug delivery.
Two‐ and Three‐Terminal Resistive Switches: Nanometer‐Scale Memristors and Memistors
Authors: Xia Qiangfei , Pickett Matthew D. , Yang J. Joshua , Li Xuema , Wu Wei , Medeiros‐Ribeiro Gilberto , Williams R. Stanley
Published: May 2011

The logical relationship between two previously defined “memory resistors” is revealed by constructing and experimentally demonstrating a three‐terminal memistor equivalent circuit using two two‐terminal memristors. A technique is then presented, using nanoimprint lithography in combination with angle evaporation, to fabricate a single nanoscale device with a footprint of 4F2, where F is the minimum lithographic feature size, that can be operated as either a two‐terminal lateral memristor or a three‐terminal memistor inside a crossbar structure. These devices exhibit repeatable bipolar nonvolatile switching behavior with up to 103 ON/OFF conductance ratios, as well as the desired three‐terminal behavior.
The influence of alkali and alkaline earth metal compounds on pyrolysis of peanut shell
Authors: Wang Xianhua , Chen Hanping , Yang Haiping , Wang Jing , Xin Fen
Published: May 2011

This article aims at studying the influence of alkali and alkaline earth species on the pyrolytic performances of peanut shell. The biomass sample was washed with 5 wt% acids (H2SO4 and HCl) and deionized water, respectively. The concentrations of metallic elements in the original and washed peanut shells were determined with inductively coupled plasma‐atomic emission spectrometry. The pyrolysis experiment was performed on a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) at a heating rate of 10 °C/min and N2 flow rate of 100 mL/min. It can be observed that the derivative thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of demineralized peanut shell were obviously shifted to higher temperature and the char yields increased greatly. With the addition of 1 wt% or 10 wt% K2CO3 or dolomite to the original and acid‐washed biomass samples, the DTG curves of the original peanut shell were shifted to low temperature and this effect was more distinct for the acid‐washed peanut shell. K2CO3 displayed much greater effect than dolomite on the alteration of the pyrolysis behavior. The first‐order kinetic analysis showed that the activation energy increased greatly with demineralization. © 2011 Curtin University of Technology and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A modified quasi‐creep model for assessment of deformation of topas COC substrates in the thermal bonding of microfluidic devices: Experiments and modeling
Authors: Wang Zhi Y. , Yue Chee Y. , Lam Yee C. , Roy Sunanda , Jena Rajeeb K.
Published: May 2011

The effects of thermomechanical properties of dissimilar polymer plates on thermal bonding were investigated and the resultant deformation of cover Topas COC plate was modeled using a simplified quasi‐creep model. The appropriate conditions for thermal bonding for minimal deformation of both the Topas cover and substrate plates could be established through simulation using the quasi‐creep model. Both the cover plate and the substrate containing microchannels were fabricated by injection molding. The elastic modulus of the COC plate at different temperatures was measured using three‐point bending test. The thermal bonding was conducted at different temperatures, pressures, and holding times. The deformation of the cover plate (consisting of Topas with a lower glass transition temperature, Tg) into the microchannel of the substrate plate (consisting of Topas with a higher Tg) was found to be significant even at lower bonding pressures when the bonding temperature was higher than a critical temperature. Such deformation was dependent on the viscoelastic creep behavior of the material and the thermal bonding temperature and load. This deformation behavior was predicted by the numerical model, and the predicted results agree well with the experimental data. The bonding strength of the sealed microchannels was evaluated using the burst test. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Synthesis and characterization of a novel graft copolymer containing carboxyl groups and its application to extract uranium(VI) from aqueous media
Authors: Anirudhan Thayyath S. , Tharun Abdul R. , Rijith Sreenivasan , Suchithra Padmajan S.
Published: May 2011

A novel poly(methacrylic acid)‐grafted‐cellulose/bentonite (Cellu‐g‐PMAAc/Bent) superabsorbent composite was prepared through graft copolymerization reaction among cellulose, methacrylic acid, and bentonite in the presence of N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide as a crosslinker and potassium peroxydisulphate as an initiator. The structural and morphological characteristics of the graft copolymer were determined using Fourier transform infrared spectra, scanning electron microscope‐energy dispersion analysis, and X‐ray diffraction. The effectiveness of the Cellu‐g‐PMAAc/Bent, as adsorbent for the removal and recovery of uranium(VI) from aqueous media, was studied. The effects of pH, contact time, and initial sorbate concentration were studied to optimize the conditions for maximum adsorption. The adsorption process, which was pH dependent, shows maximum removal (>99.0%) at pH 6.0. Kinetic study showed that 180 min of contact at 100 mg/L could adsorb about 99.2% of U(VI) onto Cellu‐g‐PMAAc/Bent. A pseudosecond‐order kinetic model successfully described the kinetics of sorption of U(VI). Adsorption equilibrium data were correlated with the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Redlich–Peterson isotherm models. The best fit was obtained with Freundlich model. Desorption of U(UI) was studied by using 0.1M HCl. Adsorption/desorption for more than six cycles showed the possibility of repeated use of this graft copolymer for the recovery of U(VI) from aqueous solutions. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Encapsulation of curcumin by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol‐b‐aromatic anhydride) micelles
Authors: Hong Ding‐Wei , Liu Tsang‐Hao , Chu I‐Ming
Published: May 2011

Suitable carrier systems for sustained release of curcumin were studied by using the self‐assembled polymeric micelles. Poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether and poly(aromatic anhydride) were used as the hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks, respectively, in forming amphiphilic diblock copolymers. Four different types of polymers methoxy poly(ethylene glycol‐ b‐1,3‐bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy)propane) (mPEG5000CPP, mPEG2000CPP), methoxy poly(ethylene glycol‐b‐1,6‐bis(p‐carboxyphenoxy)hexane) (mPEG5000CPH, mPEG2000CPH) were synthesized via melt condensation approach. Micelles were formed at very low polymer concentration with stable hydrophobic cores. The particle sizes of micelles remained stable during degradation period. All four different polymeric micelles showed low cytotoxicity toward human fibroblasts cells and can kill cancer cells in very low concentrations. High loading efficiency and drug content were observed in curcumin‐loaded micelles. Curcumin showed mild initial burst (30% of drug loading in the first 24 h) when released from the micelles and its release was sustained for at least 18 days. These micelles, especially those of mPEG5000CPP, show potential to serve as the delivery vehicles for sustained release of curcumin. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Electro‐active oligomers containing pendent carbazolyl or indolyl groups as host materials for OLEDs
Authors: Zostautiene R. , Mazetyte D. , Grazulevicius J. V. , Lai Y. M. , Wang W. B. , Jou J. H. , Grigalevicius S.
Published: May 2011

Oligoethers containing electroactive carbazolyl, indolyl or 2‐phenylindolyl fragments were synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis and gel permeation chromatography. The oligomers represent amorphous materials of high thermal stability with glass transition temperatures of 107–161°C. The electron photoemission spectra of layers of the synthesized oligomers showed ionization potentials of 5.9–5.95 eV. Some of the derivatives were tested as host materials in phosphorescent OLEDs with iridium(III) [bis(4,6‐difluorophenyl)‐pyridinato‐N,C2′]picolinate as the guest. The device based on oligomer containing carbazolyl fragments exhibited the best overall performance with a turn‐on voltage of 3.5 V, maximum power efficiency of 4.1 lm/W and maximum brightness of 937 cd/m2. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Optimization of electrospun polylactide‐based ultrathin fibers for osteoconductive bone scaffolds
Authors: Torres‐Giner Sergio , Gimeno‐Alcañiz Jose V. , Ocio Maria J. , Lagaron Jose M.
Published: May 2011

Bone tissue interfacial scaffolds, which encourage cell growth, are critical determinants for clinical success after implant surgery. Over the years, a number of resorbable configurations have emerged for bone cell support and growth, but only a few have demonstrated clinical efficacy. Polymer coatings produced by electrospinning are regarded as very promising bone interfaces because of the ultrathin‐scaled dimensions of its physical structure. In this study, the morphology, composition, thermal properties, and cell growth viability of a number of polylactide‐based systems containing different binary and ternary formulations of this biomaterial with collagen and commercial hydroxyapatite nanoparticles were characterized. The best performance in terms of biocompatibility was obtained for the tricomponent system in which the submicron fibers were further subjected to uniaxial orientation process during formation. The in vitro proliferation of the cells, which harbored on these ultrathin‐structured mats, was examined by means of a metabolic activity indicator and ensured by means of scanning electron microscopy, and cell anchorage was checked by fluorescent optical microscopy. Finally, the optimum tricomponent material was successfully sterilized for the first time by gamma radiation without noticeable losses in cell‐seeding capacity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Spectroscopic studies and evaluation of thermorheological properties of softwood and hardwood lignin
Authors: Awal Abdul , Sain Mohini
Published: May 2011

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine characteristic absorption peaks of softwood kraft lignin and soda hardwood lignin. Remarkable spectral differences were noticed between the different lignins due to their various chemical structures. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR) was employed to analyze the structure of lignin. Matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF) provided important data regarding the molecular weight distribution of lignin. Thermal stability of softwood lignin was found to be remarkably higher than that of hardwood lignin. Softening temperature and glass transition temperature of lignin were measured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) which was useful in selecting an optimal temperature profile during extrusion process. Rheological studies provided valuable information about the viscosity of lignins. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Types of interaction of meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin with alkali and alkaline‐earth metal ions
Authors: Chaudhuri Tandrima , Banerjee Manas , Ghosh Ayan , Pan Animesh , Ganguly Neogi Soumya
Published: May 2011

The cavity in a porphyrin can accommodate metal ions through electron donor–acceptor (EDA) interaction in acetonitrile media without any specially designed fabrication with the porphyrin subunit. Alkali metal ion forms a complex with meso‐tetraphenylporphyrin (TP) in 2:1 stoichiometry, while the bivalent Mg2+ ion follows a 1:1 stoichiometry. A fluorescence interaction study indicated that TP can behave like a chemosensor for these ions present in the blood electrolytes. Specifically, for the alkali metal ions intensity‐based sensing was observed, due to inhibition of photoinduced electron transfer (PET), entailing enhancement of fluorescence intensity, and for the alkaline‐earth Mg2+ a mixed quenching was observed. Na+ and K+ ions can be differentiated depending upon the extent of fluorescence enhancement. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Long-term survival following delayed presentation and resection of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Swan P J , Welsh F K S , Chandrakumaran K , Rees M
Published: May 2011

Background

Long-term survival from metastatic colorectal cancer is partly dependent on favourable tumour biology. Large case series have shown improved survival following hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) in patients diagnosed with metastases more than 12 months after index colorectal surgery (metachronous), compared with those with synchronous metastases. This study investigated whether delayed hepatic resection for CRLM affects long-term survival.

Methods

Consecutive patients undergoing hepatic resection for CRLM in a single centre (1987–2007) were grouped according to the timing of hepatectomy relative to index bowel surgery: less than 12 months (synchronous; group 1), 12–36 months (group 2) and more than 36 months (group 3). Cancer-specific survival was calculated using Kaplan–Meier analysis.

Results

There were 577 patients (48·0 per cent) in group 1, 467 (38·9 per cent) in group 2 and 158 (13·1 per cent) in group 3. The overall 5-year cancer-specific survival rate after liver surgery was 42·3 per cent, with no difference between groups. However, when measured from the time of primary colorectal surgery, group 3 showed a survival advantage at both 5 and 10 years (94·1 and 47·6 per cent respectively) compared with groups 1 (46·3 and 24·9 per cent) and 2 (57·1 and 35·0 per cent) (P = 0·003). Survival graphs showed a steeper negative gradient from 5 to 10 years for group 3 compared with groups 1 and 2 (−0·80 versus − 0·34 and − 0·37), indicating an accelerated mortality rate.

Conclusion

Patients undergoing delayed liver resection for CRLM have a survival advantage that is lost during long-term follow-up.
Detection and identification of diterpenoid alkaloids, isoflavonoids and saponins in Qifu decoction and rat plasma by liquid chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry
Authors: Tan Guangguo , Jing Jing , Zhu Zhenyu , Lou Ziyang , Li Wuhong , Zhao Liang , Zhang Guoqing , Chai Yifeng
Published: May 2011

A liquid chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometric (LC‐TOFMS) method has been developed for analysis of components in Qifu decoction (QFD), a traditional Chinese medical formula consisting of Radix Astragali and Acontium carmichaeli, and in rat plasma after oral administration. Based on accurate mass measurements within 3 ppm error for each molecular ion and subsequent fragment ions of TOFMS, as well as matching of empirical molecular formulae with those of published components in the in‐house chemical library, a total of 44 major components including 21 diterpenoid alkaloids, 12 flavonoids and 11 saponins were identified in QFD. After oral administration of QFD, 22 components in rat plasma were detected and identified by comparing and contrasting the constituents measured in QFD with those in the plasma samples. The results provided valuable chemical information for further pharmacology and active mechanism research on QFD. LC‐TOFMS was also applied for the comparison of relative peak area of major active components between QFD and the single herb extracts. The concentration ratios of major saponins detected in the crude herb Radix Astragali were found to be different from those in QFD. The experimental data indicated that the decocting process could result in differences in the amounts of active components. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of daumone in mouse plasma by HPLC/MS‐MS
Authors: Noh Keumhan , Park Jong Hee , Kim Minkyu , Jung Mankil , Lee Hwa Jeong , Kwon Kwang‐il , Kang Wonku , Ha Hunjoo
Published: May 2011

Daumone, a pheromone secreted by Caenorhabditis elegans, is an essential regulator of chemosensory processes in development and aging. A quantification method using HPLC/MS‐MS was developed for the determination of daumone in mouse plasma. After simple protein precipitation with acetonitrile including methaqualone (an internal standard), the analytes were chromatographed on a reversed‐phase column and detected by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization. The accuracy and precision of the assay were in accordance with FDA regulations for validation of bioanalytical methods. This method was applied to measure the plasma daumone concentrations following a 5‐week repeated oral administration of daumone in mice. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly sensitive method for the determination of JI‐101, a multi‐kinase inhibitor in human plasma and urine by LC‐MS/MS‐ESI: method validation and application to a clinical pharmacokinetic study
Authors: Sharma Sandeep , Dubey Naveen Kumar , Dasgupta Ashish K. , Sahu Monashis , Benjamin Biju , Mullangi Ramesh , Srinivas Nuggehally R.
Published: May 2011

A highly sensitive, rapid assay method has been developed and validated for the estimation of JI‐101 in human plasma and urine using LC‐MS/MS‐ESI in the positive‐ion mode. The assay procedure involves extraction of JI‐101 and alfuzosin (internal standard, IS) from human plasma/urine with a solid‐phase extraction process. Chromatographic resolution was achieved on two Zorbax SB‐C18 columns connected in series with a PEEK coupler using an isocratic mobile phase comprising acetonitrile–0.1% formic acid in water (70:30, v/v). The total run time was 2.0 min. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were 466.20 → 265.10 for JI‐101 and 390.40 → 156.10 for IS. The method was subjected to rigorous validation procedures to cover the following: selectivity, sensitivity, matrix effect, recovery, precision, accuracy, stability and dilution effect. In both matrices the lower limit of quantitation was 10.0 ng/mL and the linearity range extended from ~10.0 to 1508 ng/mL in plasma or urine. The intra‐ and inter‐day precisions were in the ranges 1.57–14.5 and 6.02–12.4% in plasma and 0.97–15.7 and 8.66–10.2% in urine. This method has been successfully applied for the characterization of JI‐101 pharmacokinetics in cancer patients. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Construction of a light‐emitting diode fluorescence detector for high‐performance liquid chromatography and its application to fluorometric determination of l‐3‐hydroxybutyrate
Authors: Chen Chien‐Ming , Lee Jen‐Ai , Huang Tzu‐Chuan
Published: May 2011

This study employed a new light source, a light‐emitting diode (LED), for fluorescence detection of high‐performance liquid chromatography to measure the concentration of trace constituents in biological fluids. Using l‐3‐hydroxybutyrate ( l‐3HB) as a tested trace compound, the function of the new system was compared with that of the current commercially available model. A detailed schematic diagram of the path of the detection rays in the LED detector is given. A voltage‐stabilizer for the drive circuit was designed with an input of 10 V and an output of 8 V, and another voltage regulator was used to maintain a constant 8 V. Then the regulator was used to set the output voltage for the LED at 2.8 V by two external resistors. Replacing the xenon lamp with LED, this system provided higher photon density and a narrow spectrum at a wavelength of 491 nm. At room temperature (22.1°C), the average temperature of six places in the chamber of LED detector was 22.1°C compared with 51.1°C in the xenon detector. The spectra of the excitation light sources were measured. Compared with the xenon lamp, approximately 1.32 times higher excitation intensity was obtained by the LED source. The accuracy of detection of l‐3HB in 50 μL of rat serum was 99.85–100.85%, and the intra‐day and inter‐day precision values were within 8.99 and 13.90%, respectively. The limit of detection of l‐3HB was approximately 0.73 µM (signal‐to‐noise ratio 3). The sensitivity of the proposed LED detector was comparable to that of traditional fluorescence detectors using xenon arc lamps; however, the cost and operating temperature of LED lamps were far lower. This assay system could be further used to detect trace constituents in various samples. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Global hip‐hop identities: Black youth, psychoanalytic action research, and the Moving to the Beat project
Authors: Haaken Janice , Wallin‐Ruschman Jennifer , Patange Simona
Published: May 2011

The paper presents a psychoanalytically informed analysis of the concept of hip‐hop identity through the lens of a four‐year social action research and documentary film project, titled Moving to the Beat (M2B). The M2B project sought to document and unpack key psychological and social dynamics behind the struggle for a global identity among Black hip‐hop activists in Africa and America. Two groups were formed, one in Portland, Oregon and a second in Freetown, Sierra Leone, with the aim of enlisting hip‐hop as a mode of cross‐cultural dialogue and as a forum for activism. Three key themes are discussed as they emerged as sites of creative conflict through the M2B project: the struggle to establish a progressive identity over against politically and psychologically regressive currents in hip‐hop culture, the search for authenticity in the context of globally manufactured identities, and differing conceptions of rebellion and intergenerational conflict. The paper describes how psychoanalytic theory informed the process of producing the Moving to the Beat documentary film and working through these sites of conflict in negotiating the borders of hip‐hop global identities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Autotransporters with GDSL Passenger Domains: Molecular Physiology and Biotechnological Applications
Authors: Wilhelm Susanne , Rosenau Frank , Kolmar Harald , Jaeger Karl‐Erich
Published: May 2011

Autotransporters are large proteins produced and secreted by Gram‐negative bacteria. They consist of an N‐terminal passenger domain, which typically harbours enzymatic activity and exerts a virulence function, and a C‐terminal membrane anchor domain. Somehow, the membrane domain facilitates the transport of the passenger domain into the extracellular space. Several autotransporters possess hydrolase passenger domains that belong to the GDSL family of lipolytic enzymes. GDSL autotransporters represent a functionally distinct family and are characterized by several features of their passenger domains; these include 1) the absence of a conserved right‐handed parallel β‐helix, 2) lipolytic activity, and thus the capability to hydrolyse membranes, and 3) covalent attachment to the respective C‐terminal β‐domain, with the hydrolase domain exposed to the exterior. The esterase EstA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a typical enzyme of this type. Its physiological role was studied, its potential biotechnological application has been demonstrated, and its crystal structure was solved recently. Furthermore, it is capable of displaying different classes of enzymes in a range of Gram‐negative bacteria including Escherichia coli, and FACS‐based high‐throughput screening for enantioselective esterases could be achieved using EstA.
A Homogeneous Mixture Composed of Vanadate, Acid, and TEMPO Functionalized Ionic Liquids for Alcohol Oxidation by H2O2
Authors: Wang Sa‐Sa , Popović Zora , Wu Hai‐Hong , Liu Ye
Published: May 2011

The functionalized ionic liquids (ILs) of N‐n‐dodecyl pyridinium vanadate (1), N‐(propyl‐1‐sulfonic acid) pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (2), and 4‐(propanoate‐2,2,6,6,‐tetramethylpiperidine‐1‐oxyl) pyridinium tetrafluoroborate (5) were synthesized. The mixture of 1, 2, and 5 in [Bpy]BF4 yielded the compatible IL compositions (ILCs) as a homogenous mixture, which proved to be an efficient catalytic system for oxidation of a wide range of alcohols using H2O2. With the aid of 2 and 5, 1 in [Bpy]BF4 could easily be recovered and reused for at least six runs without a loss in activity. UV/Vis spectroscopic analysis indicated that the role of 2 was to promote the formation of the active peroxo VV species, which is responsible for substrate activation, and the role of 5 was to oxidize the low‐valent vanadium(II–IV) species to regenerate 1.
Chiral Donor Photoinduced‐Electron‐Transfer (d‐PET) Boronic Acid Chemosensors for the Selective Recognition of Tartaric Acids, Disaccharides, and Ginsenosides
Authors: Wu Yubo , Guo Huimin , Zhang Xin , James Tony D. , Zhao Jianzhang
Published: May 2011

A modular approach was proposed for the preparation of chiral fluorescent molecular sensors, in which the fluorophore, scaffold, and chirogenic center can be connected by ethynyl groups, and these modules can easily be changed to other structures to optimize the molecular sensing performance of the sensors. This modular strategy to assembly chiral sensors alleviated the previous restrictions of chiral boronic acid sensors, for which the chirogenic center, fluorophore, and scaffold were integrated, thus it was difficult to optimize the molecular structures by chemical modifications. We demonstrated the potential of our new strategy by the preparation of a sensor with a larger scaffold. The photoinduced electron‐transfer (PET) effect is efficient even with a large distance between the N atom and the fluorophore core. Furthermore, the rarely reported donor‐PET (d‐PET) effect, which was previously limited to carbazole, was extended to phenothiazine fluorophore. The contrast ratio, that is, PET efficiency of the new d‐PET sensor, is increased to 8.0, compared to 2.0 with the previous carbazole d‐PET sensors. Furthermore, the ethynylated phenothiazine shows longer excitation wavelength (centered at 380 nm) and emission wavelength (492 nm), a large Stokes shift (142 nm), and high fluorescence quantum yield in aqueous solution (Φ=0.48 in MeOH/water, 3:1 v/v). Enantioselective recognition of tartaric acid was achieved with the new d‐PET boronic acid sensors. The enantioselectivity is up to 10 (ratio of the binding constants toward D‐ and L‐tartaric acid, kD/kL). A consecutive fluorescence enhancement/decrease was observed, thus we propose a transition of the binding stoichiometry from 1:1 to 1:2 as the analyte concentration increases, which is supported by mass spectra analysis. The boronic acid sensors were used for selective and sensitive recognition of disaccharides and glycosylated steroids (ginsenosides).
ChemInform Abstract: Bismuth Flux Crystal Growth of LnRh6P4 (Ln: Sc, Yb, Lu): New Phosphides with a Superstructure of the LiCo6P4 Type.
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Poettgen Rainer
Published: May 2011

Single crystals of the title compounds are prepared from the elements in a Bi flux (silica tubes, 1320 K, 100 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Luminescent Properties of Orange‐Emitting Long‐Lasting Phosphorescence Phosphor Ca2SnO4:Sm3+.
Authors: Lei Bingfu , Zhang Haoran , Mai Wenjie , Yue Song , Liu Yingliang , Man Shi‐qing
Published: May 2011

The new orange‐emitting title phosphor is synthesized by solid state reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of CaCO3, SnO2, and Sm2O3 (air, alumina crucible, 1400 °C, 4 h) and characterized by powder XRD and photoluminescence spectroscopy.
ChemInform Abstract: Low‐Platinum‐Content Quaternary PtCuCoNi Nanotubes with Markedly Enhanced Oxygen Reduction Activity.
Authors: Liu Lifeng , Pippel Eckhard
Published: May 2011

Pt5Cu76Co11Ni8 nanotubes are prepared by a highly efficient template‐assisted one‐step electrodeposition method using a solution of KPtCl6, CuCl2, CoCl2, NiCl2, and H3BO3 as electrolyte.
ChemInform Abstract: Exhaustive Chlorination of [B12H12]2‐ Without Chlorine Gas and the Use of [B12Cl12]2‐ as a Supporting Anion in Catalytic Hydrodefluorination of Aliphatic C—F Bonds.
Authors: Gu Weixing , Ozerov Oleg V.
Published: May 2011

The fully chlorinated closo‐dodecaborate anion is successfully prepared using SO2Cl2 instead of the more hazardous and expensive chlorine gas.
ChemInform Abstract: A Gallogermanate Zeolite Constructed Exclusively by Three‐Ring Building Units.
Authors: Han Yide , Li Yi , Yu Jihong , Xu Ruren
Published: May 2011

[Ni(en)3][Ga2Ge4O12] is solvothermally synthesized from a mixture of GeO2, GaOOH, [Ni(en)3]Cl2, HF, en, ethanolamine, and H2O (autoclave, 180 °C, 8 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Ba3 [Ge2B7O16(OH)2] (OH)(H2O) and Ba3Ge2B6O16: Novel Alkaline‐Earth Borogermanates Based on Two Types of Polymeric Borate Units and GeO4 Tetrahedra.
Authors: Zhang Jian‐Han , Kong Fang , Mao Jiang‐Gao
Published: May 2011

The structures of the new title compounds (IV) (trigonal, space group P$\bar 1$, Z = 1) and (V) (monoclinic, Cc, Z = 4) are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal Structures and Conductivities of Two Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Complexes Based on Poly‐Keggin‐Anion Chains.
Authors: Wei Mei‐Lin , Zhuang Peng‐Fei , Li Hui‐Hua , Yang Yun‐Hui
Published: May 2011

Compounds (IIIa) and (IIIb) crystallize in the orthorhombic space group Pnnm with Z = 2 (single crystal XRD) and exhibit exactly the same three‐dimensional supramolecular framework built from non‐covalent interactions between isonicotinic acid N‐oxide (HINO) molecules, [M(H2O)8]2+ and H+(H2O)2.5 clusters, and [PMo12O40]3‐ anions which self‐assemble into poly‐Keggin‐anion chains.
ChemInform Abstract: P22‐ and P3‐ Units in the [Rh8P9]δ‐ Polyanion of La4Rh8P9.
Authors: Pfannenschmidt Ulrike , Johrendt Dirk , Behrends Frederick , Eckert Hellmut , Eul Matthias , Poettgen Rainer
Published: May 2011

Pillar‐shaped single crystals of the new title compound are obtained from a stoichiometric mixture of the elements in a Bi flux (evacuated silica tube, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile and Efficient Hydrolysis of Organic Halides, Epoxides, and Esters with Water Catalyzed by Ferric Sulfate in a PEG1000‐DAIL[BF4]/Toluene Temperature‐Dependent Biphasic System.
Authors: Hu Yu Lin , Jiang Hui , Zhu Jie , Lu Ming
Published: May 2011

The use of a temperature‐dependent biphasic system offers an efficient, experimentally simple, and environmentally friendly protocol for the hydrolysis of organic halides, epoxides, and esters.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Unsaturated Compounds with Ethyl Benzenesulfenate and Trimethylsilyl Isothiocyanate.
Authors: Zyk N. V. , Gavrilova A. Yu. , Mukhina O. A. , Borisenko A. A. , Bondarenko O. B. , Zefirov N. S.
Published: May 2011

The regio‐ and stereoselectivities of reactions of alkenes, dienes, and alkynes with ethyl benzenesulfenate (II) and trimethylsilyl isothiocyanate (III) are studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Carboiodination of Alkenes: Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation with Retention of Reactive Functionality.
Authors: Newman Stephen , Lautens Mark
Published: May 2011

The intramolecular carboiodination reaction between an aryl iodide and an alkene moiety proceeds in the presence of a palladium(0) catalyst bearing the exceptionally bulky Q‐phos ligand to give benzo‐fused 5‐ and 6‐membered ring products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Catalytic Asymmetric Chlorocyclization of Unsaturated Amides.
Authors: Jaganathan Arvind , Garzan Atefeh , Whitehead Daniel C. , Staples Richard J. , Borhan Babak
Published: May 2011

The substrates are converted into oxazoline and dihydrooxazine derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantiomerically Pure 2‐Aryl(alkyl)‐2‐trifluoromethylaziridines: Synthesis and Ring Opening with Selected O‐ and N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Grellopois Fabienne , Nonnemacher Jean , Lachaud Fabien , Portella Charles
Published: May 2011

Under basic conditions, N‐tosyl aziridines are regioselectively opened at the less hindered carbon.
ChemInform Abstract: Effects of Haloniums on Gold‐Catalyzed Ring Expansion of 1‐Oxiranyl‐1‐alkynylcyclopropanes.
Authors: Liao Hsuan‐Hung , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: May 2011

Distinct chemoselectivities are observed for the Au‐catalyzed transformation of the title compounds into halogenated products in the presence of N‐halosuccinimides under Au catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: A Dinuclear Palladium Catalyst for α‐Hydroxylation of Carbonyls with O2.
Authors: Chuang Gary Jing , Wang Weike , Lee Eunsung , Ritter Tobias
Published: May 2011

The paddle‐wheel complex (I) is a chemo‐ and regioselective catalyst for the hydroxylation of a variety of carbonyl compounds at the α‐position to afford tertiary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Thionations Using a P4S10—Pyridine Complex in Solvents such as Acetonitrile and Dimethyl Sulfone.
Authors: Bergman Jan , Pettersson Birgitta , Hasimbegovic Vedran , Svensson Per H.
Published: May 2011

The compound (II) is an efficient thionation reagent which exhibits good solubility and thermal stability and allows formation of a wide range of thiones.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Crossed‐Conjugate Addition of Nitroalkenes to Enones by a Chiral Bifunctional Diamine Organocatalyst.
Authors: Wang Min , Lin Lili , Shi Jian , Liu Xiaohua , Kuang Yulong , Feng Xiaoming
Published: May 2011

An easily available new type of primary‐secondary diamine catalyst promotes the title reaction with yields of up to 96% and enantioselectivities of up to 99% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Transesterification Catalyzed by Iron(III) β‐Diketonate Species.
Authors: Weng Shiue‐Shien , Ke Chih‐Shueh , Chen Fong‐Kuang , Lyu You‐Fu , Lin Guan‐Ying
Published: May 2011

The reaction is applied to a wide range of carboxylic esters and alcohols tolerating many functional groups.Benzyl thiol as a nucleophile requires 2 equiv.
ChemInform Abstract: Diarylprolinol in the Direct Asymmetric Aldol Reaction of Trifluoromethylacetaldehyde Ethyl Hemiacetal with Aldehyde.
Authors: Hayashi Yujiro , Yasui Yusuke , Kawamura Tsuyoshi , Kojima Masahiro , Ishikawa Hayato
Published: May 2011

The reaction proceeds with moderate diastereoselectivity and high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbon—Sulfur Bond Formation via Iridium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation of Aliphatic Thiols.
Authors: Gao Ning , Zheng Shengcai , Yang Weikang , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: May 2011

The reaction allows highly regio‐ and enantioselective formation of α‐branched allyl alkyl sulfides.
ChemInform Abstract: Lewis Acid Activated Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopentanes by the N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Addition of Homoenolate Equivalents to Unsaturated Ketoesters.
Authors: Cohen Daniel T. , Cardinal‐David Benoit , Scheidt Karl A.
Published: May 2011

The use of Ti(O‐Pr)4 as a mild Lewis acid in combination with NHC catalysis is essential for the activation of α,β‐unsaturated aldehydes and promotion of the conjugate addition to ketoesters.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective and Regioselective Copper‐Catalyzed 1,4 Addition of Grignard Reagents to Cyclic Enynones.
Authors: Tissot Matthieu , Perrez Hernandez Alexandra , Mueller Daniel , Mauduit Marc , Alexakis Alexandre
Published: May 2011

The reaction of (I) and (VII) with Grignard reagents results in regio‐ and enantioselective formation of 1,4‐adducts.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Desulfitative Heck Coupling with Dioxygen as the Terminal Oxidant.
Authors: Zhou Xianya , Luo Jiaying , Liu Jing , Peng Shengming , Deng Guo‐Jun
Published: May 2011

Compared to CO2 (<150°C), SO2 is already eliminated at 85°C.
ChemInform Abstract: Alternative Method for the Reduction of Aromatic Nitro to Amine Using TMDS‐Iron Catalyst System.
Authors: Pehlivan Leyla , Metay Estelle , Laval Stephane , Dayoub Wissam , Demonchaux Patrice , Mignani Gerard , Lemaire Marc
Published: May 2011

The reduction proceeds generally with good selectivity and tolerates various functional groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to High Levels of Molecular Complexity by One‐Pot Iridium/Enamine Asymmetric Catalysis.
Authors: Quintard Adrien , Alexakis Alexandre , Mazet Clement
Published: May 2011

A sequence is developed through isomerization (alcohol ‐< aldehyde) in the presence of a chiral Ir‐catalyst followed by α‐substitution in the presence of a chiral organocatalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Method for Synthesis of Phenacyl Derivatives under Homogeneous Phase Transfer Catalyst Condition in Aqueous Media.
Authors: Sayyahi Soheil , Saghanezhad Jafar
Published: May 2011

α‐Bromo acetophenones (I) undergo substitution reactions with nucleophiles in the presence of Bu4NBr in water to provide the corresponding azide, thiocyanate, iodide, and cyanide derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α‐Amino Acid Derivatives by an NHC‐Catalyzed Intermolecular Stetter Reaction.
Authors: Jousseaume Thierry , Wurz Nathalie E. , Glorius Frank
Published: May 2011

The title reaction with a highly stereoselective proton transfer as the key step provides the target compounds with excellent e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pyrrolidine Sulfonamide Catalyzed Enantioselective Michael Addition of Cyclohexanones to Maleimides.
Authors: Wang Jian , Zhang Man‐Man , Zhang Shieli , Xu Zi‐An , Li Hao , Yu Xin‐Hong , Wang Wei
Published: May 2011

Optimized conditions are developed for the title reaction to give medicinally interesting succinimides of type (III) with good levels of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Multicomponent Synthesis of Chiral Sulfinimines.
Authors: Roe Caroline , Hobbs Heather , Stockman Robert A.
Published: May 2011

Oxathiozolidine‐S‐oxides (I) and (X) are used to prepare a variety of target compounds with high enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Catalyzed Reaction of Phthalaldehydes: Controllable Stereoselective Synthesis of Polyhydroxylated Spiro‐ and Fused Indenones Dictated by the Structure of NHC Catalysts.
Authors: Cheng Ying , Peng Jiang‐Hua , Li Yong‐Jia , Shi Xun‐Yu , Tang Ming‐Sheng , Tan Tian‐Yu
Published: May 2011

In the presence of IMC, phthalaldehydes undergo efficient dimerization yielding spirocyclic indenones like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Functionalization of 3‐Alkylidene‐1,2‐diazetidines Using Transition Metal Catalysis.
Authors: Brown Michael J. , Clarkson Guy J. , Inglis Graham G. , Shipman Michael
Published: May 2011

A variety of azetidines is prepared by Cu‐catalyzed 4‐exo ring closure.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Lactonization of Unsymmetrical 1,4‐Diols: An Efficient Access to Lactone Lignans.
Authors: Ito Masato , Shiibashi Akira , Ikariya Takao
Published: May 2011

A Ru‐based catalyst system with a fine‐tuned chelating tertiary phosphine‐protic amine ligand is developed, which allows a highly regioselective lactonization of unsymmetrically substituted 1,4‐diols.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold(I)‐Catalyzed, Highly Diastereoselective, Tandem Heterocyclizations/[3 + 2] Cycloadditions: Synthesis of Highly Substituted Cyclopenta[c]furans.
Authors: Gao Hongyin , Wu Xingxing , Zhang Junliang
Published: May 2011

Title compounds are synthesized in one step by new gold‐catalyzed tandem bicyclization from alkynylalkenones and styrylindoles under mild conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: 1‐Methylimidazole‐Catalyzed Reaction Between Tosylmethyl Isocyanide and Dialkyl Acetylenedicarboxylates: An Efficient Synthesis of Functionalized Pyrroles.
Authors: Adib Mehdi , Mohammadi Bagher , Sheikhi Ehsan , Bijanzadeh Hamid Reza
Published: May 2011

Reactive zwitterionic intermediates formed by the addition of catalytic N‐methylimidazole to acetylenic esters are trapped by TOSMIC (I) to give pyrroles in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 2,3‐Disubstituted Indoles from β,β‐Disubstituted Stryryl Azides.
Authors: Sun Ke , Liu Sheng , Bec Patryk M. , Driver Tom G.
Published: May 2011

Rhodium carboxylate complexes catalyze the cascade reaction to yield 2,3‐disubstituted indoles as single regioisomers.