bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of Cecropia Pachystachya Leaves by Supercritical Carbon Dioxide: Kinetics, Phytochemical Characterization, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activities
Authors: Hoscheid Jaqueline , Otenio Joice Karina , Lourenço Emerson Luiz Botelho , Klein Elissandro Jair , Da Silva Camila , Donadel Guilherme , Santos Kátia Andressa , Da Silva Edson Antônio
Published: October 2020

Cecropia pachystachya Trécul is popularly known in Brazil as embaúva or embaúba. Pharmacological activities were reported in extant studies including the development of anxiolytic, antidepressant, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, cardiotonic, sedative, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and leishmanicidal properties for aqueous and alcoholic extracts prepared by infusion or maceration of C. pachystachya leaves. However, there is a paucity of studies examining extracts of leaves of C. pachystachya obtained by supercritical fluid technology. This study evaluated the extraction of Cecropia pachystachya oil using supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2). Extractions were performed at 35 °C, 45 °C, and 55 °C and 14 MPa, 17 MPa, and 20 MPa. The extraction yield, characteristics of the oil, antioxidant and antibacterial potentials were evaluated. The highest extraction yield obtained from C. pachystachya leaves was 1.48% using supercritical CO2 at 55 °C and 20 MPa. The main identified compounds include terpenoids (ursolic and pomolic acids, squalene and β-sitosterol). The most promising results for antibacterial activity relative to Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidant potentials were observed on the extract obtained at 55 °C and 14 MPa. The mathematical Sovová model satisfactorily represented the experimental data.
n. 39 - (IN)CAPACIDADE DE IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DE POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS EDUCACIONAIS NO MUNICÍPIO DE MIRACEMA DO TOCANTINS: PERSPECTIVAS, COMPLEXIDADES E POSSIBILIDADES
Authors: Andrade da Silva Meire Lúcia , Lagares Rosilene
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo apresenta a fundamentação teórica e elementos para discussão a respeito da (in)capacidade de implementação de políticas públicas educacionais pelos Municípios no Brasil; e descreve programas, projetos e ações implementados no Município de Miracema do Tocantins, resultantes do PME, como implementação de políticas públicas educacionais. Orientamo-nos pela abordagem qualitativa, a qual, segundo Silva e Menezes (2001) considera que há uma relação dinâmica entre o mundo real e o sujeito, isto é, um vínculo indissociável entre o mundo objetivo e a subjetividade do sujeito que não pode ser traduzido em números [...]. Realizamos revisão bibliográfica que para Lima e Mioto (2007) implica em um conjunto ordenado de procedimentos de busca por soluções, atento ao objeto de estudo, e que, por isso, não pode ser aleatório e pesquisa documental amparada em Gil (1999). Os resultados apontam dependência financeira e técnica dos Municípios por parte do governo federal é uma problemática histórica, sustentada por diversos fatores, dentre eles, a vinculação de programas, projetos e ações realizadas via Plano de Ações Articuladas (PAR).
n. 42 - GESTÃO DEMOCRÁTICA DA EDUCAÇÃO: TENSÕES NO PROCESSO DE ELABORAÇÃO DA LEI EM UM MUNICÍPIO DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
Authors: Cestari de Oliveira Regina Tereza , Leite Morales Conde Evelyn Iris
Published: October 2020

Este artigo apresenta resultados de pesquisa no campo das políticas e planejamento educacional e aborda a normatização da gestão democrática da educação em consonância com o Art. 9o da Lei nº 13.005, de 25 de junho de 2014, que aprova o Plano Nacional de Educação 2014-2024. Elege-se um município, localizado no Estado de Mato Grosso do Sul (MS) para apreensão do movimento do real. Com base em pesquisa documental, observa-se que o processo de construção da proposta decorre do Poder Executivo, por meio de uma Comissão instituída pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação, com representantes da sociedade política e de organismos representativos da sociedade civil. Após audiência pública e tramitação do Projeto de Lei na Câmara Municipal de Campo Grande – MS, a legislação aprovada versa sobre os preceitos da gestão democrática, confirma o conselho escolar como órgão colegiado, com participação na tomada de decisões, e define a eleição, por meio de voto direto, secreto e paritário, como único critério para o cargo de diretores e diretores adjuntos na Rede Municipal de Ensino. Assim, há uma ruptura com a indicação política, forma vigente até aquele momento. Trata-se de reivindicação histórica dos educadores, que permeou o processo de elaboração da Lei, defendida pelo Sindicato da categoria para todas as unidades escolares.
Fungal cellulases: production by solid-state cultivation in packed-bed bioreactor using solid agro-industrial by-products as substrates and application for hydrolysis of sugarcane bagasse
Authors: Frassatto Priscila Aparecida Casciatori , Casciatori Fernanda Perpétua , Thoméo João Cláudio , Gomes Eleni , Boscolo Maurício , Silva Roberto da
Published: October 2020

Cellulases are essential for the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic materials in the production of second generation ethanol. Solid-state cultivation is a process that provides high concentrations of enzymes that can be used in this hydrolysis. The objectives of this work were to produce cellulases by cultivating the fungus Myceliophthora thermophila I-1D3b in a packed bed bioreactor with sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and wheat bran (WB) as substrate and to evaluate the efficiency of the enzymatic extract in the hydrolysis of SCB in natura (BIN) and pretreated with ozone, alkali and ultrasound (BOU). The conditions for enzyme production in the bioreactor were SCB:WB at a ratio of 2.3:1 (w/w), 75 % moisture content; 45 ºC; aeration rate 240 L h-1 and 96 h. The enzyme production was evaluated by endoglucanase, xylanase, filter paper (FPU) and ?-glycosidase activities. For the application of the enzymes, a central composed response surface design with 5 repetitions of the central point was used, taking enzyme volume and hydrolysis time as factors. Such cultivation yielded the following enzymatic activities: 723 U gss-1 of endoglucanases, 2024 U gss-1 of xylanase, 12.6 U gss-1 of FPU and 41 U gss-1 of ?-glucosidase. The results of the application tests indicated the best conditions as 7.0 ml of the enzyme extract (4.2 FPU) and 6 hours for BIN and BOU. The best cellulose-glucose conversions were obtained for BOU, reaching 32.1 % at 65 ºC. In conclusion, the enzyme production in the packed bed bioreactor was efficient and BOU pretreatment improved the hydrolysis of biomass, increasing the efficiency of conversion of cellulose to glucose.
Hematological parameters and total plasma protein values of captive strigiformes occurring in Brazil
Authors: Goulart Miúriel de Aquino , Vaz Frederico Fontanelli , Koch Marília de Oliveira , Kroetz Carlos Czpak , Dittrich Rosangela Locatelli
Published: October 2020

Brazil has the highest number of birds of prey in the world, which are important environmental quality indicators. Nevertheless, few studies of the clinical pathology of raptors have been developed in this country. The objectives of this study were to create a database of owl hematology in Brazil and to compare the values between sex in Asio clamator, Megascops spp. and Tyto furcata. Blood samples were collected from 81 captive owls of 10 species located in Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná and São Paulo states, Brazil. Hemogram and Total Plasma Protein (TPP) values were determined. Reference intervals (RIs) and descriptive statistic values were established using an Excel program with Reference Value Advisor. The reference intervals were the following: A. clamator: RBC (×106/?L) 1.0-2.5; PCV (%) 30.2-50.1; Hb (g dL-1) 6.7-15.3; MCV (fL) 123.8-355.2; MCHC (%) 17.1-38.6; WBC (× 103/?L) 1.2-23.6; Heterophils (× 103/?L) 0.6-16.6; Lymphocytes (× 103/?L) 0.6-10.2; Eosinophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-1.9; Basophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-1.0; Thrombocytes (× 103/?L) 10.8-56.6; H/L 0.0-10.8. Megascops spp.: RBC (× 106/?L) 0.8-2.3; PCV (%) 29.7-44.6; Hb (g dL-1) 6.4-12.4; MCV (fL) 131.6-374.4; MCHC (%) 12.1-34; WBC (× 103/?L) 0.7-23.1; Heterophils (× 103/?L) 1.1-10.3; Lymphocytes (× 103/?L) 0.0-11.5; Eosinophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-2.2; Basophils (× 103/?L) 0.0-0.7; Thrombocytes (× 103/?L) 10.3-43.6; H/L 0.5-7.3; TPP (g dL-1) 2.9-5.1. The parameters for Tyto furcata were presented with descriptive statistics values. Individual data were provided for the others Strigiformes species sampled. This study provides a wide database of hematological and TPP references for Megascops spp., A. clamator and T. furcata and hematological values for Athene cunicularia, Bubo virginianus, Pulsatrix perspicillata, Asio stygius, Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana, Strix virgata and Asio flammeus in Brazil.
Learning Management STEAM Model on Massive Open Online Courses Using Augmented Reality to Enhance Creativity and Innovation
Authors: Wittayakhom Nawarat , Piriyasurawong Pallop
Published: October 2020

The purposes of this study were: 1) design Learning Management STEAM Model on Massive Open Online Courses Using Augmented Reality to enhance Creativity and Innovation, 2) suitability assessment of a Learning Management STEAM Model on Massive Open Online Courses Using Augmented Reality to enhance Creativity and Innovation. The research methodology was composed of two parts: the first part involved theories and research papers relating to massive open online courses, augmented reality, elements synthesis, and the design of a Learning Management STEAM Model on Massive Open Online Courses Using Augmented Reality to enhance Creativity and Innovation; the second part involved suitability assessment of this approach. Data were analyzed by using the statistic of the mathematic mean (x̄) and standard deviation (S.D.). The overall result with regard to the suitability of a Learning Management STEAM Model on Massive Open Online Courses Using Augmented Reality to enhance Creativity and Innovation by seven experts was assessed at a very high level, which can be applied to real situations.
The Role of Risk Culture in Enterprise Risk Management Implementation
Authors: Santigie Kanu Mohamed
Published: October 2020

Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and risk culture academics and practitioners have argued that they are inherently related without empirical evidence. They continue to advocate for their implementation by firms to face the dynamic business environment with certainty. The lack of empirical evidence to underpin this relationship partly contributes to their fragmented implementation and the lack of proper attention to risk culture in ERM implementation. The challenge in measuring these two abstract concepts contributes to their dichotomous measures in the literature, with most studies concentrated in the developed economies. The study objective is to provide a comprehensive measurement of the two constructs and empirically determine their relationship in the less-researched context of Africa. The study results empirically confirm risk culture and ERM to have a significant positive relationship. A firm's size and financial leverage were found to be significant determinants for ERM implementation, whereas capital opacity, financial slack, and board composition are not. Organizational leaders are advised by the study not to treat risk culture and ERM as substitutes but as complements. A sound risk culture provides a solid base for ERM implementation. Risk culture should be managed and developed in full alignment with the risk appetite and the ERM framework to improve organizational performance. These shall enable the promotion of a risk-aware culture and ingraining risk-related measures into performance management that help drive the organization forward. The constructs measures presented in the study can be used by academics and risk practitioners to determine the level of risk culture and ERM implementation in organizations.
An integral inequality for twice differentiable mappings and applications
Authors: Dragomir S. S. , Sofo A.
Published: October 2020

An integral inequality is developed from which when applied to composite quadrature rules in numerical integration it is proved that there is a three fold improvement in the remainder of the classical averages of the Midpoint and Trapezoidal quadratures. Inequalities for special means are also given.
On the degree of approximation of conjugate of a function belonging to weighted $ W(L^p,\xi(t))$ class by matrix summability means of conjugate series of a Fourier series
Authors: Lal Shyam
Published: October 2020

In this paper a new theorem on the degree of approximation of conjugate of a function belonging to weighted $ W(L^p,\xi(t))$ class by Matrix summability means of conjugate series of a Fourier series has been established. The main theorem is a generalization of serveral known and unknown results.
Generalizations of Alzer's and Kuang's inequality
Authors: Qi Feng
Published: October 2020

Let $ f$ be a strictly increasing convex (or concave) functions on $ (0,1]$, then, for $ k$ being a nonnegative integer and $ n$ a natural number, the sequence $ {1\over n}\sum_{i=k+1}^{n+k} f({i\over n+k})$ is decreasing in $ n$ and $ k$ and has a lower bound $ \int_0^1 f(t) dt$. Form this, some new inequalities involving $ {\root n\of {(n+k)!/k!}}$ are deduced. By the Hermie-Hadamard inequality, several inequalities are obtained.
On two new multidimensional integral inequalities of the Hilbert type
Authors: Pachpatte B. G.
Published: October 2020

The main aim of this paper is to establish two new multidimensional integral inequalities similar to the integral analogue of the well known Hilbert's inequality by using elementary analysis.
Multivariate Hardy-type inequalities
Authors: Hanjs Z. , Pearce C. E. M. , Pecaric J.
Published: October 2020

We present transparent proofs for some multivariate versions of both continuous and discrete Hardy-type inequalities. Our theorems subsume several known results and simplify the proofs of existing results.
A note on a certain class of functions related to Hurwitz zeta function and Lambert transform
Authors: Raina R. K. , Nahar T. S.
Published: October 2020

In this paper we obtain multiple-series generating relations involving a class of function $ \theta_{(p_n)}^{(\mu_n)}(s,a;x_1,\ldots,x_n)$ which are connected to the Hurwitz zeta function. Also, a new generalization of Lambert transform is introduced, and its relationship with the above class of functions further depicted.
Convergence of an Ishikawa iteration scheme for nonlinear quasi-contractive mappings in convex metric spaces
Authors: Sastry K. P. R. , Babu G. V. R. , Rao Ch. Srinivasa
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we show that the Ishikawa iteration scheme for a nonlinear quasicontractive selfmap of a nonempty closed convex subset of a complete convex metric space, converges to the unique fixed point. Our theorem generalizes Ciric's result (1999) and partially solves an open problem of Ciric [5].
Notes on the starlikeness of an integral transform
Authors: Li Jian-Lin
Published: October 2020

Let $ A $ denote the class of normalized analytic functions in the unit disk $ D $. For $ f(z) \in A $ and $ \alpha > 0 $, let $ F_{\alpha} (z) = \int_0^z (f(t)/t)^{\alpha} dt $ in $ D $. In this note, the author obtains the best constant $ \beta (\alpha) $ for each $ \alpha \in (0,3] $ such that Re$ \{ f'(z) (f(z)/z)^{\alpha -1} \} > \beta (\alpha) $ implies the starlikeness of $ F_{\alpha} (z) $.
The balance between existence and nonexistence theorems in differential geometry
Authors: Wei Shihsuh Walter
Published: October 2020

We discuss the delicate balance between existence and nonexistence theorems in differential geometry. Studying their interplay yields some information about $ p $-harmonic maps, $ p $-SSU manifolds, geometric $ k_p $-connected manifolds, minimal hypersurfaces and Gauss maps, and manifolds admitting essential positive supersolutions of certain nonlinear PDE. As an application of the theory developed, we obtain a topological theorem for minimal submanifolds in complete manifolds with nonpositive sectional curvature.
On the solutions of mixed plane problems that are unbounded where the boundary conditions change
Authors: El-Sheikh M. G. , Gavdzinski V. N. , Radwan A. E.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we apply a modification to the method of the integral equation formulation of mixed plane boundary value problems so that it enables us to obtain the solutions unbounded at the points where the boundary conditions change. Such solutions are of great physical interest. The modification is illustrated by means of a typical problem. As is it the case in the original method proposed by Cherskii [1], the problem is reduced to an infinite system of algebraic equations. The justification of the truncation of such systems has been established.
On the oscillation of a nonlinear two-dimensional difference systems
Authors: Thandapani E. , Ponnammal B.
Published: October 2020

The authors consider the two-dimensional difference system$$ \Delta x_n = b_n g (y_n) $$ $$ \Delta y_n = -f(n, x_{n+1}) $$where $ n \in N(n_0) = \{ n_0, n_0+1, \ldots \} $, $ n_0 $ a nonnegative integer; $ \{ b_n \} $ is a real sequence, $ f: N(n_0) \times {\rm R} \to {\rm R} $ is continuous with $ u f(n,u) > 0 $ for all $ u \ne 0 $. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of nonoscillatory solutions with a specified asymptotic behavior are given. Also sufficient conditions for all solutions to be oscillatory are obtained if $ f $ is either strongly sublinear or strongly superlinear. Examples of their results are also inserted.
Integrability of distributions in CR-lightlike submanifolds
Authors: Sahin Bayram , Gunes Rifat
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study CR-lighlike submanifolds of an indefinite Kaehler manifold. Integrability of distributions on CR-lightlike submanifold investigated. We give some necessary and sufficient conditions on integrability of distibutions on CR-lightlike submanifolds in an indefinite Kaehler manifolds.
A note on Dragomir-Mcandrew's trapezoid inequalities
Authors: Gunawan Hendra
Published: October 2020

In [1], Dragomir and Mcandrew proved some trapezoid inequalities by involving a Gr"uss' type inequality. In this note, we show that their trapezoid inequalities can actually be obtained directly in a much simpler way. Some improvements will also be offered.
Popoviciu’s and Bellman’s inequalities in $p$-semi-inner product spaces
Authors: Cho Y. J. , Matic M. , Pecaric J.
Published: October 2020

In this paper, we study Popoviciu's and Bellman's inequalities in $p$-semi-inner product spaces and give some related results.
On the perturbed trapezoid formula
Authors: Barnett N. S. , Dragomir S. S.
Published: October 2020

Some inequalities related to the perturbed trapezoid formula are given. An application for the expectation of a random variable is also pointed out.
On a paper of S. Zahid Ali Zenei
Authors: Tomovski V Zivorad
Published: October 2020

In this note two theorems obtained by S. Zahid Ali Zenei in [11] are refined.
On some new inequalities of Hermite-Hadamard type for $m$ -- convex functions
Authors: Dragomir S. S.
Published: October 2020

Some new inequalities for $m-$convex functions are obtained.
Factors determining the improvement of hotel service quality as seen by customers of Sheraton Hotel in Warsaw
Authors: Perenc Józef
Published: October 2020

mmmmmmmmmmmm
Estudo Comparativo entre Modelos que Estimam a Habilidade dos Estudantes em Ambientes Virtuais de Programação
Authors: Zaffalon Fabiana , Prisco André , Souza Ricardo , Bez Jean Luca , Tonin Neilor , Penna Rafael , Botelho Silvia
Published: October 2020

É crescente o número de plataformas online que disponibilizam exercícios de programação, onde os estudantes submetem a resolução destes exercícios e recebem um feedback automático do sistema, sem intervenção humana. Esses ambientes permitem o registro de muitos aspectos das submissões e, dessa forma, os modelos de avaliação educacional podem ser utilizados para inferir as habilidades trabalhadas em cada solução. Neste trabalho apresentamos uma análise comparativa de três modelos que estimam a habilidade dos estudantes: Elo, Teoria de Resposta ao Item (TRI) e M-ERS (Multidimensional Extension of the ERS). O Elo foi desenvolvido para classificar jogadores de xadrez, através do histórico de jogo, mas foi adaptado para estimar a habilidade dos estudantes através do histórico de submissões dos problemas. A TRI estima a habilidade através de um conjunto de respostas dadas a um conjunto de itens, existem alguns modelos de TRI que variam de acordo com o tipo de resposta. M-ERS é uma adaptação do Elo e TRI que combina os dois modelos e rastreia as múltiplas habilidades dos estudantes. Os modelos Elo, TRI de 2 parâmetros, TRI de resposta gradual e o M-ERS foram aplicados em uma base de dados disponibilizada por uma plataforma Online Judge. Os resultados obtidos apontam diferenças entre os modelos em relação às habilidades estimadas, diferenças que acredita-se estar relacionadas à forma com que cada modelo estima os parâmetros.
Ballistic Trajectory Modeling for Missile with Deflectable Nose
Authors: XU Yongjie , Zhijun WANG Zhijun , DONG Fangdong
Published: October 2020

With the development of science and technology, significant changes have taken place in the mode of modern wars. Application of military operating concepts such as ‘surgical precision strike' and ‘decapitation strike' make higher demands on precision-strike weapons. Ballistic trajectory correction ammunition is being rapidly developed due to its lucrative combination of low cost, high cost-effectiveness ratio, high damage rate, and applicability of existing inventory ammunition. Ballistic control technology has distinct advantages both in cost saving and improvement of the ammunition operational performance. Nose deflection is a feasible, effective, and fast-response flight control mode. The nose part of a projectile can be deflected at a certain angle relative to the projectile body axis, including a pressure difference between the windward and leeward sides of the warhead and generating the respective aerodynamic control force. In this study, a two-rigid-body trajectory model is established based on the multiple rigid body system theory. The proposed model is used to predict the flight trajectory of a projectile with the deflectable nose. Finally, the nose deflection effect on the ballistic trajectory variation is analyzed. The research results obtained provide the theoretical basis for the development of adaptive control smart ammunition and its engineering applications.
Data Collection Protocols in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Guravaiah Koppala , Kavitha Arumugam , Leela Velusamy Rengaraj
Published: October 2020

In recent years, wireless sensor networks have became the effective solutions for a wide range of IoT applications. The major task of this network is data collection, which is the process of sensing the environment, collecting relevant data, and sending them to the server or BS. In this chapter, classification of data collection protocols are presented with the help of different parameters such as network lifetime, energy, fault tolerance, and latency. To achieve these parameters, different techniques such as multi-hop, clustering, duty cycling, network coding, aggregation, sink mobility, directional antennas, and cross-layer solutions have been analyzed. The drawbacks of these techniques are discussed. Finally, the future work for routing protocols in wireless sensor networks is discussed.
Genetic Diversity of Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Lee Sanghoo , Ahn Jinwoo , Park Jimyeong , Na Hyeonkyun , Lee Youngkee , Kim Yejin , Hong Gayeon , Lee Kyoung-Ryul
Published: October 2020

A key in the etiology of a cluster of metabolic syndrome such as hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and obesity is known for insulin resistance, which is becoming a major global public health problem. Extensive studies have revealed many genetic factors for both insulin resistance and the components of metabolic syndrome. Advanced modern genotyping methods including genome-wide association studies and next-generation sequencing have allowed for the identification of both common and rare genetic variants related to these chronic disease-associated traits. Multiple genotype–phenotype studies are also needed to identify new and accurate genetic biomarkers in these conditions. The purpose of this chapter is to present genetic variants related to the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance and is to review the relevance between insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome clusters in terms of genetic diversity.
Thermodynamic Stability and Microscopic Behavior of BaxSr1-xCo1-yFeyO3-δ Perovskites
Authors: Maxim Florentina , Botea-Petcu Alina , Teodorescu Florina , J. Gauckler Ludwig , Tanasescu Speranta
Published: October 2020

The mixed conducting perovskite-type oxides BaxSr1-xCo1-yFeyO3-δ (BSCF) are intensively studied as potential high-performance solid oxide fuel cell cathode materials. The effect of different compositional variables and oxygen stoichiometry on the structure and thermodynamic stability of the BaxSr1-xCo1-yFeyO3-δ (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.8; y = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) perovskite-type compositions were investigated by solid electrolyte electrochemical cells method and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The thermodynamic quantities represented by the partial molar free energies, enthalpies and entropies of oxygen dissolution in the perovskite phase, as well as the equilibrium partial pressures of oxygen were obtained in the temperature range of 823–1273 K. The in situ change of oxygen stoichiometry and the determination of thermodynamic parameters of the new oxygen-deficient BSCF compositions were studied via coulometric titration technique coupled with electromotive force (EMF) measurements. The effect of A- and B-site dopants concentration correlated to the variation of oxygen stoichiometry on the thermodynamic stability and morphology of the BSCF samples was evidenced.
Muscle Health: The Gateway to Population Health Management
Authors: Gilliam Thomas , Terpeluk Paul
Published: October 2020

The muscle on your frame is a prime indicator of health and longevity. Dr. Paul Terpeluk with the Cleveland Clinic has stated that muscular strength is the new vital sign of workplace health and safety. Research studies focusing on Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, musculo-skeletal injuries, certain cancers and the delay of dementia have shown a strong correlation between disease prevention and muscular strength. IPCS’ database of over 500,000 strength tests have shown a workers’ absolute strength today is at least 14% weaker than the worker 15 years ago and weighs about 8 pounds more. Over the last 10 years, there has been a significant shift by 52% with an increase in the number of workers with a BMI of 35 or greater. The Cleveland Clinic implemented a new hire muscular strength assessment to place new hire applicants into jobs that match their physical capability in 2011. The outcomes show a statistically significant reduction in number of employee health, pharmacy and workers’ compensation claims and costs with overall savings near $25 million. Musculo-skeletal health of the worker can be improved. When a worker maintains good muscular strength, the worker is more productive, has fewer medical claims and workers’ compensation claims.
“How Can I Have my Cake and Eat it?” A Contemporary Dissociation-Based Self-State Model of Anorexia and Binge-Eating Disorder
Authors: Heusser Shelley
Published: October 2020

The extant, contemporary psychoanalytic literature suggests that pathological dissociation is at the heart of most psychiatric disorders, ranging from personality disorders to affective and psychotic disorders. This chapter will begin by situating Janet’s contributions to the splitting of consciousness, and then discuss dissociation, and the resultant splintering of the self, as a ubiquitous response to early relational trauma. Specific dissociated self-states as they appear in anorexia and binge-eating disorder will be put forward, using detailed clinical vignettes to describe the paradoxical functions of these self-states, and the way they structure the eating-disordered patient’s relationship to food, eating, and their body. Treatment implications as they pertain to relational psychoanalytic technique will be considered.
Ethical Concerns Regarding Breast Cancer Screening
Authors: Goncalves Rodrigo , Carolina Formigoni Maria , Maria Soares José , Chada Baracat Edmund , Roberto Filassi José
Published: October 2020

The incidence and mortality of breast cancer are rising in the whole world in the past few decades, adding up to a total of around two million new cases and 620,000 deaths in 2018. Unlike what occurs in developed countries, most of the cases diagnosed in the developing world are already in advanced stages and also in women younger than 50 years old. As most screening programs suggest annual mammograms starting at the age of 50, we can infer that a considerable portion of the new breast cancer cases is missed with this strategy. Here, we will propose the adoption of an alternative hierarchical patient flow, with the creation of a diagnostic fast track with referral to timely treatment, promoting better resources reallocation favoring the least advantaged strata of the population, which is not only ethically acceptable but also a way of promoting social justice.
Effects of Liberal Versus Restrictive Fluid Therapy on Renal Function Indices in Laparoscopic Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Alimian Mahzad , Mohseni Masood , Moradi Moghadam Omid , Seyed Siamdoust Seyed Alireza , Moazzami Javad
Published: October 2020

Background: Earlier studies have suggested the liberal administration of fluids in favor of reducing the risk of rhabdomyolysis in obese patients, but the results are conflicting. Objectives: The present study aimed at comparing the effects of liberal and restrictive fluid therapy on renal indices in laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery. Methods: In a double-blinded randomized clinical trial, 72 candidates of bariatric surgery were randomly assigned into two groups of restrictive and liberal fluid therapy. Indices, including BUN, creatinine, creatine kinase, GFR, and urine output were measured before and 24 hours after the surgery. The clinical trial was registered at IRCT.ir under code IRCT20170109031852N3. Results: There was no significant difference in BUN, creatinine, creatinine kinase, and GFR indices between the two groups of liberal and restrictive fluid therapy both before and 24 hours after surgery (P > 0.05). Intragroup comparisons before and after surgery revealed that BUN decreased in both groups after the surgery (P < 0.05). Also, creatinine and GFR values improved in patients who received a liberal fluid regimen, whereas these indices remained statistically unchanged in the restrictive group before and 24 hours after the surgery (P > 0.05). Conclusions: Two methods of liberal and restrictive fluid therapy have comparable effects on traditional renal functional indices in laparoscopic bariatric surgery. The clinical significance of observed differences in outcomes should be investigated in further studies. The use of early biomarkers of acute kidney injury is warranted.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction in EAE Mice Brains and Impact of HIF1-α Induction to Compensate Energy Loss
Authors: Mosavimehr Mahboobeh , Mesbah-Namin Seyed Alireza
Published: October 2020

Background: Mitochondrial dysfunction may be involved in the process of degradation and death of gray matter cells of the central nervous system (CNS) in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). MS is known as a chronic, progressive demyelinating disease of the CNS. Objectives: Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model of MS is the best method for extracting data trend for diagnosing this disorder. The aim of this study was to evaluate the specific activity of the Cytochrome oxidase (COX), ATP, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) in brain tissues of the EAE mice model. Methods: Twenty-one female mice (C57BL/6) were used, 9 for inducing the EAE model and 6 for each of both negative and sham control groups. The specific activity of the COX, ATP, and HIF-1α levels were evaluated in the whole brain of all 3 mice groups. Results: According to the findings, specific COX activity and ATP levels were decreased significantly, which could be due to the mitochondrial dysfunction and neuronal loss in MS lesions, whereas HIF-1α levels increased significantly in the EAE mice group, compared to the sham and negative control groups. The significant increase of HIF-1α levels reinforces the hypothesis that the HIF-1α induction may provide prevention of neuronal death by compensating energy loss under hypoxia-like conditions in EAE mice brains. Conclusions: The results of this study suggest that HIF-1α induction may also be a potential target for controlling the progression of MS, or the development of HIF-1α inducing compounds could be a potential candidate for the management of this disease and provide a rationale to conduct further research in this area.
The COVID-19 pandemic and everyday life: The relations of lockdown, social distancing, face masking, discreet salutation and hand hygiene in Nigeria
Authors: Olumuyiwa Omobowale , Samuel Falase , Kunle Oyelade , Oluwatoyin Omobowale
Published: October 2020

This paper provides a contextual discourse on the COVID-19 pandemic and the consequent reality of taken-for-granted nuances using the epistemology of everyday sociology. The COVID-19 pandemic has become a global disease that has virtually affected all facets of life. Nigerian government has moved swiftly to curb the pandemic through containment protocols of lockdown, social distancing, face masking, discreet salutation and hand hygiene. As social actors continue to interact amid the pandemic, they construct and reconstruct the world around them through the social interpretations and contextual meanings derived from these containment protocols. The taken-for-granted nuances and meanings embedded in these micro interpretations allow social actors to take interpretive actions based on the meanings attached to COVID-19 pandemic and the containment protocols.
COVID-19 lock-down socio-economic challenges faced by households in rural areas: A perspective from Vhembe district, South Africa
Authors: Obaeko Iwara , Musvipwa Faith , Ekene Amaechi , Raselekoane Raymond
Published: October 2020

National responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have varied from country to country. In South Africa, the response has included a compulsory 21-day lock-down entailing restrictions of social and economic activities among other things. This arguably helped the country to avoid further spread of the virus, especially in townships, informal settlements and rural communities, where access to health facilities is often difficult. However, it has also exposed rural households to unforeseen challenges. This paper explores these challenges in view of proffering policy measures to help such households during subsequent lock-down. University students living within such rural households were purposively sampled to solicit electronic data from heads of households in Vhembe district. Using a qualitative method to analyze the data gathered from 82 households, five major issues emerged which include access to basic needs such as groceries, whereas water and health items were some of the challenges. The situation in households is further compounded by 'limited source of income' due to retrenchments and shutdown of subsistence businesses. 'Depression and frustration' emanating from the fear of contracting the virus, spousal domestic abuse, inability to meet home obligations, family squabbles as well as boredom caused by movement restriction also constitute part of the challenges. The lack of needed information regarding the virus, and 'theft' were other two challenges. Based on these findings, the paper recommends thorough consideration of the identified challenges before the enforcement of such lock-down. It also encourages more improvement to be made in the area of service delivery in rural communities.
COVID-19, cognitive dissonance and conspiracy theories
Authors: Vuksanović Mirjana
Published: October 2020

The aim of this paper is to point to the cognitive dissonance caused in people by different information about the new COVID-19 disease. The information originates from different professional and laymen sources and is often inconsistent. The fact that science itself has not entirely clarified the origin of the virus causing COVID-19, the symptoms, treatment protocols and consequences of disease, complicates the situation. Cognitive dissonance causes frustration, fear and stress, which, if prolonged, lead to health disorders. In search of a way out of cognitive ambiguity, many accept conspiracy theories as a solution to their own tensions.
Trust in health system during COVID-19 and student value system in Southeast Europe
Authors: Pavlović-Vinogradac Valentina
Published: October 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected the entire world. In order for the country to function under normal conditions, it is important that there is trust in state institutions. Trust in institutions is therefore particularly important in crisis situations, and trust in the health system during a pandemic is crucial. The aim of this paper is to investigate the extent to which the value system of young people in the three countries of Southeast Europe - Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia is related to young people's trust in the health system in each of these countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research was conducted on a total of 1024 students by the survey method. Shalom Schwartz's model of basic human values was used as a starting point for the research. The paper analyzes the factors of the value system (self-transcendence, openness to change, conservation, self-enhancement) in trust in health system by linear regression. The results showed that the value of conservation was a significant predictor of trust in the health system in all three surveyed states.
Crisis and organised control: The COVID-19 pandemic and power of surveillance
Authors: Marković-Savić Olivera
Published: October 2020

In this text, we consider the short term and long-term consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic among people throughout the world. In many societies, as a result of the health danger, governments have intervened by denying basic social and political rights. Because of these changes, economy has experienced a crisis whose effects many compare to the Great Depression of the last century. By dealing with the new problems, many countries have enforced measures of quarantine and closed their borders. The answer to the problems has not shown international solidarity, but state-centrism. The text first discusses what the old anti-epidemic measures brought to modern societies that had to be resorted to in preventing the spread of the epidemic. This is followed by an attempt to predict the possible long-term consequences for the functioning of social structures and government systems. As countries increase control and penetration into the sphere of everyday life of their citizens, in which they are substantially aided by new technologies, this trend can be expected to continue. On the other hand, citizens will lend support with the enforcement of such control in exchange for the sense of security. In the long run, such processes indicate the possibility that countries will emerge stronger from this crisis, although until recently it was thought that they had weakened under the impact of globalization.
The relationship between value and ideological orientations using the refined theory of basic values
Authors: Passini Stefano
Published: October 2020

By considering the theory of basic values, several studies have considered the different underlying value patterns of social dominance orientation (SDO) and right-wing authoritarianism (RWA). Recently, the value theory has been developed into a finer set of conceptually distinct values. Specifically, the same key assumptions have been retained, but 19 instead of 10 motivationally distinct values have been distinguished. The aim of the present research is to analyze the relationship between ideological and value orientations, using the refined theory of basic values. In line with previous studies, it was hypothesized that SDO would be mainly placed on the self-enhancement vs. self-transcendence value opposition, while RWA on that of the conservation vs. openness to change. Results on two hundred participants confirm the hypotheses. In particular, dominant people are characterized by a sense of superiority, supremacy, and unfairness, while authoritarian people by the perception of social instability and passive conformism with rules and laws. Moreover, by considering the underlying dimensions of both RWA and SDO, our results provide evidence of some differences existing in their mirror on specific value priorities.
H.O. Lange-prisen 2013 til Hans Hertel. Motiveringstale ved tildelingen
Authors: Svindborg Bruno
Published: October 2020

H.O. Lange-prisen for 2013 uddeltes den 5. februar i år. Prisen tildeltes professor, mag.art. Hans Hertel for værket PH - en biografi samt for den livslange forsknings- og formidlingsindsats på litteraturens område.
Portræt af Hans Hertel - set med forlæggerens øjne
Authors: Riis Johannes
Published: October 2020

Forlagsdirektør Johannes Riis bringer sin karakteristik af Hans Hertel som – blandt meget andet – en “litteraturens vaneforbryder".
Kogebog for Soldaten i Felten (1864)
Authors: Nyvang Caroline
Published: October 2020

I 1864 udgav Anna Marie Mangor Kogebog for Soldaten i Felten, som blev omdelt gratis til de danske soldater. Bogen er et eksempel på et privat fædrelandskærligt rygstød, og udgivelsen  markerer desuden den trykte kogebogs gennembrud på det danske bogmarked.
Europeana Collections 1914-1918 – et digitalt monument over Første Verdenskrig
Authors: Larsen Steen Bille
Published: October 2020

Det Kongelige Bibliotek deltager i et stort samarbejde i EU-regi, hvor de europæiske nationalbiblioteker og andre kulturinstitutioner digitaliserer materiale med relation til Første Verdenskrig og puljer det i en fælles database på nettet.
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m. Indhold: Digitale og traditionelle håndskrifter; Kulturnatten; Wayne Siegel huskomponist på KB; Saxo på tryk: 500-årsjubilæum; Specialedag; Boghistorisk seminar; Bogforum; De underjordiske på Bornholm; Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet; Udstillinger; Bladtegnermuseet; Seminarer;  Foredragsrække; 1864; International Forfatterscene; Ordscenen; Students Only!; Copenhagen Chamber MusicFestival; Fyraftenskoncerter;
Med blå briller – men uden overskæg
Authors: Jørgensen Jesper Düring
Published: October 2020

Om general Ludendorffs flugt til København og Skåne i november 1918, og om Ludendorffs manuskript til Meine Kriegserinnerungen 1914-1918

“Vi lyttede forbavsede til fremstillingen, men brød ind med et inkvisitorisk:

— ‘OG HVOR ER SÅ DET MANUSKRIPT NU, ERIK?’

— ‘Ja, min fader blev rent ud forbandet på Ludendorff, efter at han var begyndt at samarbejde med Hitler, så manuskriptet blev solgt med den klausul, at det ikke måtte sælges til Tyskland eller til en tysker …’ ”
Folkeviser og fortællende sang. I anledning af en bogudgivelse
Authors: Halskov Hansen Lene
Published: October 2020

De gamle fortællende folkeviser med omkvæd og med rødder tilbage til middelalderen (også kaldet ballader) er omdrejningspunktet i denne artikel; dog ikke som tekster eller melodier, men som sang – og nærmere bestemt som et individuelt, fortællende sangudtryk. Hovedpersonerne er almuen og andre småkårsfolk fra omkring midten af 1800-tallet og hundrede år frem, men med særligt fokus på en hjemmesyerske født i 1901, med hvem vi har lydoptagelser fra bl.a. 1969. Men inden vi når så langt, vil også andre kilder blive inddraget fra både 1800- og 1900-tallet for at kunne belyse baggrunden for syngemåde generelt og individuelle sangudtryk specifikt.
Nyerhvervet inkunabel med lang historie
Authors: Christensen Karsten
Published: October 2020

I efteråret 2015 indkøbte biblioteket en uhyre sjælden inkunabel i samlingen efter en kendt, just afdød bogsamler. Inkunablen havde en proveniens, der kunne spores langt tilbage i den danske bog- og bibliotekshistorie.
Sværtning af generaler, dronninger og fine damer i Det Kongelige Biblioteks samlinger
Authors: Hansen Birgit Vinther
Published: October 2020

En historie om hvordan sværtning af blyhvidt, brugt til at skabe højlys i ældre billeder,har sat fokus på opbevaringsforholdene.
Kronik
Authors: Meile Jakob Kyril
Published: October 2020

KRONIKKEN fortæller om det forgangne kvartal på Det Kongelige Bibliotek: Begivenheder, foredrag, udstillinger, koncerter, erhvervelser m.m.  Indhold: Det Kongelige Bibliotek og Statsbiblioteket fusionerer, Svend Larsen, Bogforum 2016, Det Kongelige Bibliotek på nettet, Noder, Illegale sange og viser fra besættelsen, Seminarer: Boghistorisk seminar, Komponister på scenen, Tema om Brevet, Udstillinger: OPSLAG NEDSLAG – Danske kunstnerbøger, In Circular Tangle værk af Ditte Knus Tønnesen, Erhvervelser, Foredrag: International Forfatterscene, De unge og de tunge, Koncerter, Nordisk Råds Litteraturpris, Frimærkehandler og jernbanehistoriker Peer Olav Thomassens Fond
Christen Lyngbo – Oprør mod normerne i 1905
Authors: Henschen Daniel
Published: October 2020

“Hvem er den høje, meget smukke blonde Herre, som med sit lysebrune store Fuldskæg, sin raske Gang og sin herkuliske Skikkelse ligner en kæmpende Apostel, og som i disse Dage spaserer rundt paa Kjøbenhavns Gader i lang flagrende Kappe, barhovedet og med Sandaler under de nøgne Fødder, altid efterfulgt af en Flok Nysgerrige, som han ikke lader til at ænse?”
Mediestream – en søgning til forskel. Om Elvis Presly, Beaties og dengang Henry Cawling købte en ‘negerdreng’
Authors: Smith-Sivertsen Henrik
Published: October 2020

I 2015 lagde Statsbiblioteket (nu Det Kgl. Bibliotek Aarhus) de første digitaliserede danske aviser op pa webtjenesten Mediestream. Efter to ar har antallet af søgbare avissider i tjenesten passeret 30 millioner. I denne artikel beretter seniorforsker Henrik Smith-Sivertsen fra Musik- og Teatersamlingen om sine erfaringer med Mediestream og med dens styrker og svagheder.
Blinde vinkler. Billeder af kolonien Dansk Vestindien
Authors: Meyer Mette Kia Krabbe , Giersing Sarah , Danbolt Mathias
Published: October 2020

Tale ved åbning af udstillingen 18. maj 2017
PRESENCIA DEL ICNOGÉNERO Teredolites EN UN MEGABLOQUE DE LA FORMACIÓN PEÑALVER, LÍMITE CRETÁCICO–PALEÓGENO (K/PG), CUBA OCCIDENTAL
Authors: Villegas Martín Jorge , Rojas-Consuegra Reinaldo
Published: October 2020

Se da a conocer la presencia de perforaciones realizadas en madera presentes en un megabloque de areniscas y lutitas, que forma parte de la Formación Peñalver, en los depósitos del límite Cretácico–Paleógeno K/Pg. Han sido identificadas dos tipos de perforaciones, atribuidas a dos icnoespecies: Teredolites clavatus y Teredolites longissimus. Ambas se originan por un mecanismo de bioerosión mecánica y se atribuyen a la acción de moluscos bivalvos xilófagos. En la muestra se presentan abundantes restos de bivalvos, sin embargo no parecen ser los productores de las icnoespecies anteriores. Los megabloques como el que contiene las perforaciones tienen tamaños que varían desde unos metros hasta varias decenas, y se emplazaron en la cuenca en forma de olistolitos. Esta secuencia siliciclástica con los Teredolites y moluscos, podría estar relacionada con depósitos de tempestitas; sedimentadas en una cuenca abierta. A esta cuenca, llegarían aportes de la plataforma interna, ya que contiene rocas formadas casi exclusivamente por macroforaminíferos orbitoídidos, en la misma situación facial y secuencial. Los restos vegetales indican la existencia muy probable de tierras emergidas, hipótesis que se ve reforzada por existencia en el mismo afloramiento de conglomerados de composición vulcanomíctica. El origen de estos depósitos pudiera estar relacionado con el colapso del margen de la plataforma cubana maastrichtiense, inducido por el golpe sísmico resultado del impacto meteorítico de Chicxulub (Península de Yucatán).