bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Determining the depth and pumping speed of the equatorial Ekman layer from surface drifter trajectories
Authors: Paldor Nathan , De-Leon Yair
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Trajectories of more than 500 drogued surface drifters launched since 1979 in the equatorial ocean are analyzed by employing the results of a new Lagrangian theory of wind-driven transport along the equator forced by the prevailing Trade winds. The analysis yields robust estimates of 45 meters for the Ekman layer’s depth and 1.0 meters/day for the upwelling speed of deep water into the layer.
Global digital elevation model (GDEM) product generation by correcting ASTER GDEM elevation with ICESat-2 altimeter data
Authors: Li Binbin , Xie Huan , Liu Shijie , Ye Zhen , Hong Zhonghua , Weng Qihao , Sun Yuan , Xu Qi , Tong Xiaohua
Published: January 2025

Abstract. Advancements in scientific inquiry and practical applications have created a higher demand for the accuracy of global digital elevation models (GDEMs), especially for GDEMs whose main data source is optical imagery. To address this challenge, integrating GDEM and satellite laser altimeter data (global coverage and high-accuracy ranging) is an important research direction, in addition to the technological enhancement of the main data source. In this paper, we describe the datasets and algorithms used to generate a GDEM product (IC2-GDEM) by correcting ASTER GDEM (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model) elevation data with ICESat-2 altimeter data. The algorithm scheme presents the details of the strategies used for the various challenges, such as the processing of DEM boundaries, the fusion of the different data, and the geographical layout of the satellite laser altimeter data. We used a high-accuracy global elevation control point dataset and multiple high-accuracy local DEMs as the validation data for a comprehensive assessment at the global scale. The results from the validation comparison show that the elevation accuracy of IC2-GDEM is evidently superior to that of the ASTER GDEM product: (1) the RMSE reduction ratio of the corrected GDEM elevation is between 16 % and 82 %, and the average reduction ratio is about 47 %; and (2) from the analysis of the different topographies and land covers, this error reduction is effective even in areas with high topographic relief (>15°) and high vegetation cover (>60 %). ASTER GDEM has been in use for more than a decade, and many historical datasets and models are based on its elevation data. IC2-GDEM facilitates seamless integration with these historical datasets, which is essential for longitudinal studies examining long-term environmental change, land use dynamics, and climate impacts. Meanwhile, IC2-GDEM can serve as a new complementary data source for existing DEMs (such as Copernicus DEM) mainly sourced from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) observation. By cross-validating qualities, filling data gaps, and conducting multi-scale analyses, it can lead to more reliable and comprehensive scientific discoveries, thereby improving the overall quality and reliability of Earth science research. The IC2-GDEM product is openly available at https://doi.org/10.11888/RemoteSen.tpdc.301229 (Xie et al., 2024).
GOSI9: UK Global Ocean and Sea Ice configurations
Authors: Guiavarc'h Catherine , Storkey David , Blaker Adam T. , Blockley Ed , Megann Alex , Hewitt Helene , Bell Michael J. , Calvert Daley , Copsey Dan , Sinha Bablu , Moreton Sophia , Mathiot Pierre , An Bo
Published: January 2025

Abstract. The UK Global Ocean and Sea Ice configuration version 9 (GOSI9) is a new traceable hierarchy of three model configurations at 1, 1/4 and 1/12° based on version 4.0.4 of the NEMO code. GOSI9 has been developed as part of the UK's Joint Marine Modelling Programme (JMMP), a partnership between the Met Office, the National Oceanography Centre, the British Antarctic Survey, and the Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling. Following a seamless approach, it will be used for a variety of applications across a wide range of spatial and temporal resolutions: short-range coupled numerical weather prediction (NWP) forecasts, ocean forecasts, seasonal and decadal forecasts, and climate and Earth system modelling. The GOSI9 configurations are described in detail with a special focus on the updates since the previous version (GO6-GSI8). Results from 30-year ocean–ice integrations forced by CORE2 fluxes are presented for the three resolutions, and the impacts of the updates are assessed using the 1/4° integrations. The upgrade to NEMO 4.0.4 includes a new sea ice model SI3 (Sea Ice modelling Integrated Initiative) and faster integration achieved through the use of partially implicit schemes that allow a significant increase in the length of the time step. The quality of the simulations is generally improved compared to GO6-GSI8. The temperature and salinity drifts are largely reduced thanks to the upgrade to NEMO 4.0.4 and the adoption of fourth-order horizontal and vertical advections helping to reduce the numerical mixing. To improve the representation of the Southern Ocean, a scale-aware form of the Gent–McWilliams parameterization and the application of a partial-slip lateral boundary condition on momentum in the Southern Ocean have been added, resulting in a stronger and more realistic Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) transport and a reduction in the temperature and salinity biases along the shelf of Antarctica. In the Arctic, the representation of sea ice is improved, leading to a reduction in surface temperature and salinity biases. In particular, the excessive and unrealistic Arctic summer sea ice melt in GO6-GSI8 is significantly improved in GOSI9 and can be attributed to the change in the sea ice model and to the higher albedos that increased sea ice thickness.
FACA v1 – Fully Automated Co-Alignment of UAV Point Clouds
Authors: Schüßler Nick , Torizin Jewgenij , Gunkel Claudia , Schütze Karsten , Tiepolt Lars , Kuhn Dirk , Fuchs Michael , Prüfer Steffen
Published: January 2025

Abstract. We introduce FACA – Fully Automated Co-Alignment, an open-source software designed to fully automate the workflow for co-aligning point clouds derived from Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) images using photogrammetry. We developed FACA to efficiently evaluate fieldwork with Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) on landslides and coastal dynamics. The software applies to any research requiring comparative precise rapid multi-temporal point cloud generation from UAV imagery. UAVs are an essential element in most contemporary applied geosciences research toolkits. Typical products of UAV flights are point clouds created with photogrammetry, to measure objects and their change if multi-temporal data exists. Ground Control Points (GCPs) are considered the best method to increase the precision and accuracy of point clouds, but placing and measuring them is not always feasible during fieldwork. Co-alignment leads to the local precise alignment of multiple point clouds without GCPs. FACA uses Agisoft Metashape Pro and the Python standard library. The GPLv3 licensed FACA source code focuses on extendability, modifiability, and readability. FACA works interchangeably from the command line or a custom graphical user interface. We distribute the software with both usage and installation instructions. Three multi-temporal test datasets are available. We demonstrate the utility and versatility of FACA v1 with a multi-year and -region dataset acquired along Germany's Baltic Sea coast. FACA is in continuous open development.
Implementation of solar UV and energetic particle precipitation within the LINOZ scheme in ICON-ART
Authors: Ramezani Ziarani Maryam , Sinnhuber Miriam , Reddmann Thomas , Funke Bernd , Bender Stefan , Prather Michael
Published: January 2025

Abstract. We extended the Linearized ozone scheme –LINOZ in the ICON (ICOsahedral Nonhydrostatic) –ART (the extension for Aerosols and Reactive Trace gases) model system to include NOy formed by auroral and medium-energy electrons in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere, and the corresponding ozone loss, as well as changes in the rate of ozone formation due to the variability of the solar radiation in the ultraviolet wavelength range. This extension allows us to realistically represent variable solar and geomagnetic forcing in the middle atmosphere using a very simple ozone scheme. The LINOZ scheme is computationally very cheap compared to a full middle atmosphere chemistry scheme, yet provides realistic ozone fields consistent with the stratospheric circulation and temperatures, and can thus be used in climate models instead of prescribed ozone climatologies. To include the reactive nitrogen (NOy) produced by auroral and radiation belt electron precipitation in the upper mesosphere and lower thermosphere during polar winter, the so-called energetic particle precipitation indirect effect an upper boundary condition for NOy has been implemented into the simplified parameterization scheme of the N2O/NOy reactions. This parameterization, which uses the geomagnetic Ap index, is also recommended for chemistry-climate models in the CMIP6 experiments. With this extension, the model simulates realistic „tongues“ of NOy propagating downward in polar witner from the model top in the upper mesosphere into the mid-stratosphere with an amplitude that is modulated by geomagnetic activity. We then expanded the simplified ozone description used in the model by applying LINOZ version 3. The additional ozone tendency from NOy is included by applying the corresponding terms of the version 3 of LINOZ. This NOy, coupled as an additional term in the linearized ozone chemistry, led to significant ozone losses in the polar upper stratosphere in both hemispheres which is qualitatively in good agreement with ozone observations and model simulations with EPP-NOy and full stratospheric chemistry. In a subsequent step, the tabulated coefficients forming the basis of the LINOZ scheme were provided separately for solar maximum and solar minimum conditions. These coefficients were then interpolated to ICON- ART using the F10.7 index as a proxy for daily solar spectra (UV) variability to account for solar UV forcing. This solar UV forcing in the model led to changes in ozone in the tropical and mid-latitude stratosphere consistent with observed solar signals in stratospheric ozone.
Luminescence and a new approach for detecting heat treatment of geuda sapphire
Authors: Pluthametwisute Teerarat , Nasdala Lutz , Chanmuang N. Chutimun , Wildner Manfred , Libowitzky Eugen , Giester Gerald , Zoysa E. Gamini , Jakkawanvibul Chanenkant , Suwanmanee Waratchanok , Sripoonjan Tasnara , Tengchaisri Thanyaporn , Wanthanachaisaeng Bhuwadol , Sutthirat Chakkaphan
Published: January 2025

Abstract. For decades, unraveling the heat treatment of sapphire has been a challenging issue. The present study offers new aspects that support the detection of heat treatment of sapphire. Natural geuda sapphire exhibits orange to red luminescence under longwave ultraviolet (LWUV; 365 nm) light, while heated geuda sapphire shows blue luminescence under shortwave ultraviolet (SWUV; 225 nm) light. The presence of melt inclusions in dissolved silks serves as an indicator of sapphire heat treatment. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy alone is insufficient for distinguishing unheated from heated sapphire. By combining orange to red luminescence with blue luminescence and melt inclusions, we provide a practical method for accurately differentiating natural gem-quality sapphire and heated gem-quality sapphire.
Sul fronte interno: la guerra italo-turca nei giornali modenesi
Authors: Baldini Luca
Published: January 2025

The essay analyzes how the local newspapers of Modena narrated the Italo-Turkish War (1911-1912) . Four newspapers – that represented the most important political trends at that time – are examined: «Il Panaro», «La Bandiera del Popolo», «Il Domani», «La Gazzetta dell’Emilia». This work suggests that even newspapers considered to be moderate adopted a violent nationalist propaganda. The war led to increased political and social polarization.
Mouriscas, ínsulas extrañas.
Authors: Bies Golas Misha , Fiaño Cristina
Published: January 2025

Este ensayo es una aproximación visual a una serie de motivos ornamentales hechos con mortero, cal y otros materiales que se encuentran en la arquitectura tradicional gallega. El registro forográfico de dichos diseños y su puesta en relación con otras obras artísticas, material gráfico y textos de naturaleza y autoría variada, dieron luga a la creación de un nuevo relato, abierto y heterogéneo.
Pengaruh Komposisi Katalis pada Pembuatan Komposit Sebagai Aplikasi untuk Body Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE)
Authors: Hamid Abdul , Ali Zainal Abidin Muhammad , Annafiyah Annafiyah , Dayi Febriana Ike , Miftahatul Ilmah Aurista , Abdullah Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Bentuk body yang kuat dan ringan menjadi faktor penting pada ajang Kontes Mobil Hemat Energi (KMHE).  Bentuk dan material pada body yang digunakan mempengaruhi kecepatan mobil. Bahan komposit banyak dipilih sebagai material pembuatan body KMHE, karena  sifatnya yang kuat, ringan dan memiliki struktur serat yang saling mengikat. Sehingga pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi komposisi katalis pada material komposit menggunakan fiberglass, woven roving dan resin untuk mendapatkan hasil komposit yang optimum. Variasi komposisi katalis yang digunakan yaitu sbesar 1; 1,5; 2 dan 2,5 %.  Berdasarkan hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil pengujian tarik dengan hasil tertinggi yaitu pada variasi komposisi katalis 2,5% sebesar 72,23 MPa dan nilai paling rendah 27,1 MPa untuk komposisi katalis 1%. Semakin besar komposisi katalis menyebabkan nilai kekuatan tarik semakin meningkat. Hasil pengujian max force dan modulus elastisitas  tertinggi diperoleh pada variasi komposisi katalis 2% yaitu sebesar 7217 MPa dan 16,30 MPa. Sedangkan hasil pengujian impact tertinggi didapatkan nilai sebesar10,65 Joule dengan variasi katalis 1,5%.
Studi Pengaruh Variasi Parameter Pemesinan Terhadap Kekasaran Permukaan Pin Track Link Baja AISI 1045
Authors: Wilujeng Auliana , Angriawan Bayu , Anas Fikri Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Pin track link merupakan salah satu bagian penting pada undercarriage excavator yang sering mengalami keausan akibat adanya gesekan terus menerus. Beban berlebih seringkali menjadi penyebab meningkatnya keausan pin track link. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini membuat material pengganti pin track link excavator baja AISI 1045 dengan memvariasikan parameter pemesinan dengan metode Taguchi. Pada penelitian ini, pembuatan pin track link menggunakan mesin bubut konvensional. Proses manufaktur dilakukan dengan memvariasikan sembilan kombinasi parameter pemesinan, yaitu kedalaman potong (a), kecepatan potong (Cs), dan gerak makan (f). Masing-masing parameter diatur dalam tiga level faktor. Penentuan nilai variasi dari parameter tersebut dilakukan berdasarkan kondisi batas maksimum dari mesin dan spesifikasi tools yang digunakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh dari parameter pemesinan terhadap kekasaran permukaan. Kekasaran permukaan material asli pin track link adalah N9. Dari sembilan level kombinasi parameter pemesinan, terdapat satu kombinasi yang menghasilkan kekasaran permukaan N8 (NOT GOOD), sehingga 88,89% penelitian ini dinilai GOOD
Studi Perbandingan Nilai Konduktivitas Termal Gypsum dan Sandwich Panel Sebagai Material Dinding Paint Dry Room
Authors: Chandra Dwiaji Yudhi , Hazizah Rizka
Published: January 2025

XYZ merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang manufaktur pembuatan alat musik gitar. Salah satu proses dalam pembuatan gitar adalah proses pengecatan body gitar yang bertujuan untuk memberikan warna pada body gitar dan melindungi body gitar dari kerusakan elemen luar. Setelah proses pengecatan, body gitar harus dikeringkan pada suhu tertentu untuk mendapatkan hasil warna yang bagus dan mengkilap. Untuk memenuhi hasil tersebut, diperlukan sebuah paint dry room yang mampu mempertahankan temperatur ruangan sebesar 42.1°C - 42.5°C, namun juga tidak memberikan dampak panas pada lingkungan di luar ruangan. Saat ini belum ada standar material dinding yang bisa digunakan sebagai dinding paint dry room. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen untuk mengetahui konduktivitas termal gypsum dan panel sandwich, lalu dilakukan perhitungan konduktivitas termal dan simulasi perbandingan dengan software. Hasil perhitungan berdasarkan rumus konduktivitas termal adalah gypsum memiliki konduktivitas termal 0.059 [W/m°C] dan konduktivitas termal panel sandwich sebesar 0.142 [W/m°C]. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa gypsum memiliki sifat isolator yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan panel sandwich. Dengan penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa dinding gypsum lebih menguntungkan untuk dijadikan material dinding paint dry room.
21.ĐÁNH GIÁ TÁC DỤNG GIẢM HO, LONG ĐỜM CỦA CAO LỎNG BẢO PHẾ LINH TRÊN CHUỘT NHẮT TRẮNG
Authors: Tài Vũ Văn , Thuần Nguyễn Duy , Minh Nguyễn Đức , Ngân Nguyễn Hoàng
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu nhằm đánh giá tác dụng giảm ho và long đờm của cao lỏng Bảo phế linh trên chuột nhắt trắng.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm tiến hành trên 80 chuột nhắt trắng, chia thành 4 nhóm (chứng, tham chiếu, và 2 liều thuốc thử Bảo phế linh). Đánh giá tác dụng giảm ho qua mô hình gây ho bằng amoniac và tác dụng long đờm qua định lượng phenol đỏ tiết ra từ khí quản. Dữ liệu được phân tích thống kê bằng t-test và biểu diễn dưới dạng  ± SD với mức ý nghĩa p < 0,05.
Kết quả: Cao lỏng Bảo phế linh kéo dài thời gian tiềm tàng xuất hiện cơn ho, giảm số cơn ho trong 5 phút, với tỷ lệ ức chế ho lần lượt là 24,37% và 30,82% ở liều điều trị và liều cao gấp đôi liều điều trị. Đồng thời, thuốc làm tăng hàm lượng phenol đỏ tiết ra từ khí quản, đạt 0,353 µg/ml (liều điều trị) và 0,382 µg/ml (liều gấp đôi) so với 0,260 µg/ml ở nhóm chứng (p < 0,01), tương đương với N-acetylcystein (0,404 µg/ml).
Kết luận: Cao lỏng Bảo phế linh có tác dụng giảm ho và long đờm rõ rệt, phù hợp để nghiên cứu thêm về hiệu quả lâm sàng và tính an toàn của thuốc.
22.TÍNH KÍCH ỨNG DA VÀ TÁC DỤNG GIẢM ĐAU TRÊN CHUỘT CỐNG TRẮNG GÂY ĐAU THẦN KINH NGOẠI VI CỦA CHẾ PHẨM XOA BÓP GS-TVB
Authors: An Phan Thị Quỳnh , Thụy Đoàn Minh , Hưng Phạm Thái
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Nghiên cứu khả năng gây kích ứng da và đánh giá tác dụng giảm đau của dung dịch xoa bóp GS-TVB trên thực nghiệm.
Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Đánh giá khả năng kích ứng trên da thỏ chủng New Zealand White. Nghiên cứu tác dụng giảm đau trên mô hình gây đau bằng thắt dây thần kinh tọa ở chuột cống trắng chủng Wistar.
Kết quả: Kích ứng da đánh giá (sau 1 giờ, 24 giờ, 48 giờ và 72 giờ) trên 3 thỏ, các vùng da thử nghiệm đều không có biểu hiện phù nề hay kích ứng ban đỏ, điểm kích ứng da trung bình bằng 0. Dung dịch xoa bóp GS-TVB có tác dụng giảm đau thông qua các chỉ tiêu làm kéo dài thời gian trễ rút chân của chuột cả trong thử nghiệm ngâm nước lạnh và ngâm nước nóng; làm giảm số lần rút chân trong thử nghiệm cọ vẽ tại các thời điểm đo sau 7, 14 và 21 ngày điều trị (p < 0,01 so với lô mô hình). Tác dụng giảm đau của dung dịch xoa bóp GS-TVB tương đương so với Voltaren emulgel.
Kết luận: Dung dịch xoa bóp GS-TVB không gây kích ứng trên da thỏ và có tác dụng giảm đau tại chỗ tương đương thuốc tham chiếu Voltaren emulgel.
24. PHÁT TRIỂN PHƯƠNG PHÁP KHUẾCH ĐẠI TRUNG GIAN VÒNG LẶP CHO PHÁT HIỆN VI KHUẨN STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS KHÁNG METHICILLIN
Authors: Diễm Trần Hồng , Anh Nguyễn Thị Trúc , Phúc Nguyễn Hồng , Hiếu Vũ Quang
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Phát triển phương pháp khuếch đại trung gian vòng lặp (LAMP) trong phát hiện vi khuẩn Staphylococcus aureus kháng Methicillin bằng gene mecA đặc trưng ứng dụng trong phát hiện nhanh MRSA trên mẫu phết mũi.
Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu thực nghiệm được tiến hành 60 mẫu phết mũi ở nhóm người khỏe mạnh có độ tuổi từ 18-25. Thực hiện thiết kế bộ mồi đặc hiệu cho phản ứng LAMP trên phần mềm thiết kế mồi. Phản ứng LAMP được tối ưu hóa điều kiện phản ứng trong phòng thí nghiệm nhằm xác định nhiệt độ, độ đặc hiệu và giới hạn phát hiện tối thiểu của DNA (LOD). Phản ứng LAMP sau tối ưu được thử nghiệm trên 60 mẫu ly trích DNA từ mẫu phết mũi, trong đó có 30 mẫu dương tính với MRSA và 30 mẫu âm tính với MRSA.
Kết quả: Các cặp mồi đặc hiệu cho gene mecA đã được thiết kế và phản ứng khuếch đại được tối ưu hóa ở 65°C trong 30 phút. Phương pháp LAMP cho kết quả nhạy, đặc hiệu cao với giới hạn phát hiện thấp nhất (LOD) là 1 pg DNA tách chiết từ MRSA có trong mỗi phản ứng và không xảy ra phản ứng chéo loài. Khi ứng dụng phương pháp LAMP trên 60 mẫu DNA tách chiết từ mẫu phết mũi, phản ứng LAMP đã cho độ nhạy, độ đặc hiệu đạt 100% và hệ số Kappa bằng 1 đạt mức tương đồng cao khi so sánh với phương pháp nuôi cấy vi sinh và PCR truyền thống.
Kết luận: Nghiên cứu đã ứng dụng phương pháp LAMP trong phát hiện sự hiện diện của vi khuẩn MRSA từ các mẫu lâm sàng, với độ đặc hiệu, độ nhạy cao bằng gene mecA. Đồng thời, nghiên cứu cũng cho thấy mức độ tương đồng cao giữa phương pháp LAMP và phương pháp chẩn đoán nuôi cấy vi sinh và PCR. LAMP là một phương pháp đầy tiềm năng để phát hiện MRSA, là công cụ chẩn đoán nhanh có tính ứng dụng cao, hỗ trợ điều trị hiệu quả.
25. KIẾN THỨC VÀ THÁI ĐỘ VỀ VẤN ĐỀ ĐẠO ĐỨC TRONG NGHIÊN CỨU Y SINH HỌC VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN CỦA HỌC VIÊN SAU ĐẠI HỌC, TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC Y DƯỢC, ĐẠI HỌC HUẾ NĂM 2023
Authors: Minh Hầu Nguyễn Nhật , Nam Phan Trung , Triết Lê Phan Minh , Thủy Hoàng Thị Tịnh , Phương Lê Thị Diễm , Hòa Nguyễn Thị Minh , Nhật Hoàng Trọng , Nhung Phan Thị Phương , Nga Nguyễn Thị
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Mô tả kiến thức, thái độ của học viên sau đại học, Trường Đại học Y Dược Huế về vấn đề đạo đức trong nghiên cứu y sinh học và một số yếu tố liên quan.
Phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang thực hiện trên 512 học viên cao học, bác sỹ nội trú, chuyên khoa cấp 1 và chuyên khoa cấp 2 đang học tập trực tiếp tại Trường Đại học Y Dược, Đại học Huế. Kiến thức và thái độ về đạo đức trong nghiên cứu y sinh học được soạn sẵn dựa trên Hướng dẫn quốc gia về đạo đức trong nghiên cứu y sinh học của Bộ Y tế. Thông tin được thu thập dựa trên bộ câu hỏi tự điền.
Kết quả: Học viên có điểm trung bình kiến thức là 14,8 ± 2,90, trung vị là 15,5 điểm và điểm trung bình thái độ là 73,2 ± 12,53 với khoảng điểm từ 20-100. Có mối liên quan giữa kinh nghiệm thực hiện nghiên cứu khoa học, ngành học, năm học với kiến thức về đạo đức trong nghiên cứu. Ngoài ra, thái độ về đạo đức trong nghiên cứu có liên quan với kiến thức về đạo đức nghiên cứu.
Kết luận: Tập huấn về đạo đức nghiên cứu trước khi triển khai nghiên cứu, đặc biệt về lấy phiếu chấp thuận và bảo mật thông tin ở nhóm người yếu thế sẽ mang lại hiệu quả cao trong việc bảo vệ quyền lợi cho đối tượng nghiên cứu.
46. CUỘC CÁCH MẠNG CHUYỂN ĐỔI SỐ VÀ ỨNG DỤNG TRÍ TUỆ NHÂN TẠO TRONG CÔNG TÁC QUẢN LÝ KHÁM, CHỮA BỆNH
Authors: Quỳnh Cao Như
Published: January 2025

Chuyển đổi số trong lĩnh vực y tế là việc ứng dụng công nghệ thông tin và truyền thông trong công tác khám, chữa bệnh giúp tối ưu hóa một cách tổng thể và toàn diện mang lại các lợi ích lớn cho các cơ sở y tế và người bệnh. Tổng quan về cuộc cách mạng chuyển đổi số y tế dưới đây nhằm làm rõ vị trí, vai trò của việc ứng dụng trí tuệ nhân tạo trong công tác quản lý khám, chữa bệnh của các bệnh viện. Từ đó cũng đặt ra những vấn đề về hạn chế, khó khăn và khuyến nghị, giải pháp trong giai đoạn tới cho các cơ sở y tế.
49. TỶ LỆ BỆNH LÝ TUYẾN GIÁP TRÊN BỆNH NHÂN BẠCH BIẾN TẠI BỆNH VIỆN DA LIỄU TRUNG ƯƠNG
Authors: Phương Phạm Thị , Lượng Vũ Huy , Hiền Đỗ Thị Thu
Published: January 2025

Mục tiêu: Xác định tỷ lệ bệnh lý tuyến giáp trên bệnh nhân bạch biến tại Bệnh viện Da liễu Trung ương.
Đối tượng và phương pháp: Mô tả cắt ngang trên 318 bệnh nhân được chẩn đoán bạch biến tại Bệnh viện Da liễu Trung ương từ tháng 11/2023 đến tháng 6/2024. Các xét nghiệm TSH, FT3, FT4, TRAb, Anti-TPO và siêu âm tuyến giáp được thực hiện để đánh giá tuyến giáp. Khi kết quả xét nghiệm có bất thường, bệnh nhân được gửi khám chuyên khoa nội tiết để chẩn đoán xác định bệnh lý tuyến giáp.
Kết quả: Trong số 318 bệnh nhân, 36 bệnh nhân (11,3%) có rối loạn chức năng tuyến giáp, trong đó cường giáp (3,4%), suy giáp (7,9%). Tỷ lệ bệnh nhân có bệnh tuyến giáp kèm theo là 22%, trong đó bệnh tuyến giáp tự miễn chiếm 8,2%, bướu nhân tuyến giáp chiếm 12,9%, ung thư tuyến giáp chiếm 0,9%. Tỷ lệ tăng tự kháng thể TRAb và Anti-TPO lần lượt là 3,1% và 17,3%.
Kết luận: Kết quả nghiên cứu gợi ý việc sàng lọc các bệnh lý tuyến giáp nên được khuyến cáo ở các bệnh nhân mắc bệnh bạch biến.
METODE PELAKSANAAN PEKERJAAN KONTRUKSI KOLOM DALAM PROYEK PEMBANGUNAN MASJID-BKMS JIIPE GRESIK
Authors: Shodiq Mohammad Fajar , Setiawan Agus , Mayasari Intan
Published: January 2025

Masjid merupakan bangunan besar yang berfungsi sebagai tempat ibadah bagi umat muslim, yang memerlukan perencanaan dan konstruksi yang aman, efektif, kuat, dan ekonomis. Penelitian ini mengamati dan menganalisis pembangunan Masjid di kawasan Java Integrated Industrial and Port Estate (JIIPE), dengan fokus pada elemen struktural, khususnya kolom. Kolom memiliki peran krusial dalam mendukung beban atap, memastikan stabilitas bangunan, serta mengorganisasi ruang dalam masjid. Kolom dalam arsitektur masjid juga mencerminkan keindahan dan keragaman seni Islam. Mengingat pentingnya kolom dalam struktur bangunan, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis metode pelaksanaan konstruksi kolom dalam proyek pembangunan Masjid BKMSJIIPE Gresik agar sesuai dengan standar dan spesifikasi yang ditetapkan, seperti yang tercantum dalam SK SNI T-15-1991-03. Dengan menggunakan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan pemahaman yang lebih mendalam tentang pentingnya peran kolom dalam memastikan keamanan dan integritas bangunan secara keseluruhan.
Hypocapnia and its relationship with in-hospital mortality in acute heart failure patients: Insights from the Indonesian multicenter ICCU registry
Authors: Prasetya Indra , Afifah Yuri , Anjarwani Setyasih , Juzar Dafsah A. , Bagaswoto Hendry P. , Muzakkir Akhtar F. , Habib Faisal , Astiawati Tri , Wirawan Hendy , Ilhami Yose R. , Djafar Dewi U. , Sungkar Safir , Danny Siska S. , Rohman Mohammad S.
Published: January 2025

Acute heart failure (AHF) presents serious risks for hospitalized patients. The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO2) levels and outcomes in AHF patients admitted to the intensive cardiovascular care unit (ICCU), utilizing data from the IndONEsia ICCU Registry (One ICCU Registry). A multicenter retrospective observational study was performed covering data between August 2021-2023. Participants were categorized by PaCO2 levels: hypocapnia (<35 mmHg), normocapnia (35–45 mmHg), and hypercapnia (>45 mmHg). The primary outcomes included ICCU mortality, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality, whereas the length of the stays in the ICCU or hospital and ventilation requirement were set as the secondary outcomes. Mortality risks were assessed using Cox proportional hazards models. Of the 1,870 patients, 1,102 (58.96%) had hypocapnia, 645 (34.5%) had normocapnia, and 123 (6.5%) had hypercapnia. Hypocapnia patients had significantly higher ICCU, in-hospital, and at 30-day mortality rates compared to normocapnic patients (all p<0.001), along with longer lengths of stay in ICCU and in hospital (p<0.001). Hypocapnia significantly increased noninvasive and mechanical ventilation requirement compared to normocapnia patients. Multivariate analysis identified factors impacting patients’ survival, including age, treatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi)/angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) drugs, and severity scores such as the quick sequential organ failure assessment (qSOFA) and simplified acute physiology score II (SAPS II). In conclusion, hypocapnia in AHF patients could increase in-hospital, ICU and 30-days mortality rates and length of hospital stays, as well as noninvasive and mechanical ventilation requirements.
Effectiveness of Surveillance Systems in Combating Anthrax Outbreaks in Africa: A Systematic Review
Authors: Hapenga Gift , Kazonga Eustarckio , Chimfwembe Ishbak , Chuswe Chongo , Hasalama Matongo , Hakanyanga Luyando , Chinza Bescar , Tembo Novan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Anthrax outbreaks remain a recurring public health concern in Africa, posing threats to both human and animal populations. The objective of the systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of surveillance systems in combating anthrax outbreaks in the region.
Methods and materials: The review covers a period from 2014 to 2024, focusing on key factors such as epidemiological surveillance, intersectoral collaboration, and outbreak response strategies. The literature search identified 29 peer-reviewed articles, including case control, cross-sectional, qualitative inquiries and legislative documents, providing insights into the strengths and weaknesses of existing surveillance systems.
Results: The review emphasizes the importance of integrated surveillance systems that bridge human, animal, and environmental health sectors for comprehensive monitoring and risk management. Several challenges were identified, such as technical shortcomings in sectoral surveillance, inadequate funding for integrated surveillance, and fragmented governance structures. The lack of coordination between different programs and limited collaboration hindered the efficiency of surveillance efforts. Case studies from Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, and Kenya highlight the varying approaches and outcomes in combating anthrax outbreaks. While some regions demonstrated effective surveillance through electronic Integrated Disease Surveillance Response (e-IDSR) systems, others faced obstacles with paper-based systems and insufficient resources.
Conclusion: In conclusion, this systematic review underscores the need for enhanced surveillance capacities, intersectoral collaboration, and resource mobilization to effectively combat anthrax outbreaks in Africa. The findings provide valuable insights for policymakers, health authorities, and other stakeholders involved in anthrax prevention and control efforts.

Key words: Surveillance, Anthrax, Awareness, Outbreaks, Multisectoral
Udan Vayu Karma and its Correlation with Contemporary Science
Authors: Deegwal Priyanka , Sharma Dinesh Chandra , Pareek Pooja
Published: January 2025

In Ayurveda, Udan Vayu, a subtype of Vata Dosha, is crucial for regulating upward and outward movements within the body, affecting speech, breathing, energy, excitement, and memory. This article examines the physiological functions (karma) of Udan Vayu, analysing its Ayurvedic descriptions and aligning them with modern scientific principles in physiology, neuroscience, and respiratory sciences. Udan Vayu is associated with functions like vocalization, oxygenation, and mental clarity, which correspond with contemporary knowledge of the respiratory system, vocal cord functionality, and advanced cognitive processes. Imbalances in Udan Vayu are associated with speech difficulties, respiratory complications, and cognitive deficits, reflecting illnesses such as dysphonia, asthma, and anxiety. Ayurvedic interventions, including as pranayama, herbal treatments, and lifestyle adjustments, are examined for their capacity to balance Udan Vayu and enhance general health. This article provides a comprehensive perspective on the significance of Udan Vayu in health and disease management by merging traditional knowledge with contemporary scientific findings.

Key words: Udan Vayu, Ayurveda, Vata Dosha, breathing, speech, cognition, integrative medicine
Critical Illness & Medication Errors
Authors: Gala Parmee , Rathod Darshana , Patel Mayur
Published: January 2025

Medication errors (MEs) in critically ill patients are a significant concern, posing serious risks to patient safety, healthcare costs, and patient outcomes. Despite advances in medical technology and scientific knowledge, MEs remain prevalent due to complex processes involved in the medication use system. These errors can occur at various stages, including prescription, preparation, administration, and monitoring, with the highest frequency noted during administration. Factors contributing to MEs in critical care settings include patient-related variables such as illness severity, age, and prolonged hospital stays, as well as medication-related issues like polypharmacy and drug interactions. Additionally, critical care environments with high-stress conditions, multidisciplinary teams, and challenging working hours exacerbate the risk of errors.
The repercussions of MEs are far-reaching, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and substantial healthcare costs. Preventing these errors requires a concerted effort from healthcare providers, patients, and management. Strategies to reduce MEs include optimizing medication processes through technology such as computerized physician order entry (CPOE), barcoding, and standardized protocols. Error interception methods, including double-checking high-risk medications and promoting a non-punitive culture for error reporting, are essential in mitigating risks. Education, training, and active patient engagement also play critical roles in preventing errors.
Pharmacists play a pivotal role in critical care by providing comprehensive medication management, ensuring accurate drug dosing, preventing adverse drug events, and contributing to quality improvement initiatives. By incorporating these strategies, healthcare systems can improve patient safety, reduce preventable errors, and enhance overall care in critical care settings.

Key words: Medication errors, critical care, healthcare costs, medication administration, pharmacist interventions,
Effectiveness of Kinesio Taping in Chronic Ankle Instability: An Update
Authors: . Shreyanshi , Ahmed Ramsha
Published: January 2025

Kinesiology taping is a technique used as a clinical and remedial method to treat strained ankle and ankle instability in athletes. It seems to lessen muscle imbalances by supporting weaker muscles and assisting in adaptation of muscle function in patients with chronic ankle instability. In kinesiology taping adhesive elastic tape is used in different colours stimulating skin receptors to improve neuromuscular control and lymphatic drainage. The aim of this review is to explore the efficacy of kinesiology taping application as a supplemental approach in chronic ankle instability. According to 25 studies included in our review, kinesiology taping application in chronic ankle instability has been proved to be a choice of treatment in rehabilitation of unstable ankle. Selected studies demonstrated that following application of kinesiology taping in conventional rehabilitation of chronic ankle instability resulted in increased muscle strength and stability, along with improved balance, range of motion, stiffness and decreased perception of pain which resulted to be beneficial in the treatment of ankle dysfunction and instability.

Key words: Chronic ankle instability, Proprioception, Kinesiology taping, Ankle balance taping
Correlations between Oxidative Stress and Thyroid Hormone in Subclinical and Overt Hyperthyroid Patients of Nepal
Authors: Mandal Fuleshwar , Khan Mohd Babu
Published: January 2025

Aim: The main aim of the present study was to correlate the oxidative stress marker with thyroid hormone in subclinical and overt hyperthyroid patients of Nepal which remains unexplored till June 2024.
Methods: A total of 129 patients with hyperthyroidism including subclinical and overt cases were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Thyroid function parameter (T3, T4, and TSH) and oxidative stress marker including malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase activity and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in patient were estimated using Chemiluminescent immunoassay and spectrophotometrically, respectively. Utilizing IBM SPSS version 20.0., Chi-square test and Pearson's correlation coefficient were employed for statistical analysis.
Results: Significantly higher level of T3 and T4 were found in overt case when compared subclinical case of hyperthyroidism. In correlation analysis, T3 showed significant positive correlation with MDA (r: 0.487, p < 0.01) and SOD (r: 0.623, p < 0.01), while significant negative correlation with GPx (r: -0. 834, p < 0.01) and TAC (r: -0.672, p < 0.01). Similarly, T4 also showed significant positive correlation with MDA (r: 0.438, p < 0.01) and SOD (r: 0.559, p < 0.01), while significant negative correlation with GPx (r: -0.745, p < 0.01) and TAC (r: -0.605, p < 0.01). Unlike, TSH showed significant negative correlation with MDA (r: -0.491, p < 0.01) and SOD (r: -0. 487, p < 0.01), and significant positive correlation with GPx (r: 0.645, p < 0.01), GR (r: 0.281, p< 0.01) and TAC (r: 0.888, p < 0.01). Similar trends of correlations with strong to extreme magnitude between thyroid hormone and stress markers was observed in overt case compared to subclinical case of hyperthyroidism.
Conclusion: oxidative stress amplifies the thyroid hormones highlighting the importance of adjuvant antioxidant in treatment of hyperthyroidism.

Key words: Oxidative stress, Antioxidant enzyme system, Thyroid hormones, Hyperthyroidism
The fate of unrepaired stable ramp lesions: a systematic review
Authors: MISIR A , YUCE A
Published: January 2025

This study was performed according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses) guidelines. PubMed and Medline databases were searched in October 2023 for studies reporting outcomes of arthroscopic anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and stable medial meniscal ramp lesion treatment. Studies focused on diagnostic approaches, biomechanical properties, unstable ramp lesions, isolated ramp lesions, and concomitant intraarticular/extraarticular pathologies other than ACL rupture are excluded. A total of 314 studies were obtained after the initial search. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. Data from 186 stable medial meniscal ramp lesions that were left unrepaired were retrieved. At the last follow-up, mean preoperative Lysholm and IKDC scores were significantly improved and similar with repair patients and no ramp lesion patients, postoperatively. Healing rate was reported between 58.6% and 87.8%. Knee stability was similar in repaired and nonrepaired patients and a ramp existed and no ramp lesion patients. Although the return to sports rate was similar between ramp existed and no ramp lesion patients, the time to return to sports was higher in ramp existed patients than no ramp patients. Improved functional outcome scores, similar healing rates, knee stability, and return to sports rates can be obtained in repaired and nonrepaired patients as well as ramp lesions existing and no ramp lesion patients when the stable ramp lesions are left unrepaired. The time to return to sport is significantly higher than no ramp lesion patients.

Level of Evidence III
APPLICATION OF THE OPTIMIZATION THE PARAMETERS OF MEASURING TOOTH ENAMEL EPR SPECTRA FOR EMERGENCY HUMAN DOSIMETRY
Authors: Skakov M. K. , Aydarkhanov A. O. , Kenzhina L. B. , Biyakhmetova D. B. , Mamyrbayeva A. N.
Published: January 2025

It is known from the world literature that for EPR spectrometry for emergency dosimetry, where doses from 0.5 Gy and higher are used, the quality and reliability of calculating the experimental dose depends on the parameters of recording spectra (accumulation time, microwave power).

This article describes the results of the development and application of a method for optimizing the parameter of recording EPR spectra on human tooth enamel, such as microwave power, but in the range of emergency radiation doses (from 1 Gy to 5 Gy), under conditions of a local radiation incident based on a biodosimetric laboratory. The results showed that the obtained experimental microwave power value of 5 MW is the most effective parameter for improving the quality of EPR spectra of human tooth enamel for a range of emergency radiation doses, even taking into account different types of spectrometers on which measurements are carried out. Optimization of the parameter for recording EPR spectra, in particular microwave power, improves the quality of the obtained spectra for the range of emergency radiation doses, even taking into account different types of spectrometers on which measurements are carried out.
THE CONDITION OF THE BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN THE NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS ROSCI0045 JIU CORRIDOR, ROSPA0010 BISTREȚ AND THE NATURAL RESERVES DRĂNIC FOSSIL SITE-2391 AND ZĂVAL FOREST- IV.33+A6
Authors: PÂNZARU Radu-Lucian , MEDELETE Medelete , NICULESCU Mariana
Published: January 2025

The paper addresses the condition of the built environment in the protected areas ROSCI0045 Jiu Corridor, ROSPA0010 Bistreț, and the Natural Reserves Drănic Fossil Site-2391 and Zăval Forest- IV.33+A6, considering three specific indicators: the number of housing units, the livable area, and the number of building permits issued. These protected areas play a crucial role in biodiversity conservation within the component administrative units (56 in total, including 37 in Dolj County, 17 in Gorj County, one in Mehedinți County, and one in Olt County) where they are located.The number of housing units increased from 208,602 in 2017 to 222,680 in 2021, a trend observed predominantly in private properties. The built area for the entire region grew from 10,276,212 m² in 2017 to 11,162,886 m² in 2021. Overall, the area exhibits both ascending and descending trends regarding the number of building permits issued.The increase in the number of housing units may lead to potentially adverse effects on the protected natural areas. However, with proper urban planning, this negative impact can be mitigated.
Termorregulación y tasas metabólicas de murciélagos nectarívoros del género Anoura (Chiroptera:Phyllostomidae) en una selva nublada de Los Andes venezolanos
Authors: Ruiz Adriana , Soriano Pascual J. , Machado Marjorie
Published: January 2025

En los murciélagos neotropicales, los límites de distribución altitudinal parecen asociarse a factores ambientales que afectan distintamente a los diferentes grupos funcionales. Para determinar si la termorregulación y/o las tasas metabólicas explican las restricción de las especies nectarívoras del género Anoura a los ambientes de montaña (500-3000 msnm), medimos temperatura corporal (Tc), tasa metabólica basal (TMB) y conductancia térmica (C) de A. cultrata, A. geoffroyi y A. latidens, en un intervalo de temperaturas ambiente (Ta) entre 10 y 38 ºC. Las tres especies mostraron termorregulación normotérmica, manteniendo su Tc constante (33-35 ºC) aún a bajas temperaturas. Ninguna especie entró en torpor, en concordancia con sus altas TMB (103-131%, de lo esperado para su masa corporal). Observamos una disminución de sus temperaturas críticas inferiores (Tci). La conductancia térmica en las tres especies fue menor a lo esperado para mamíferos (90-98%). Estas especies no mostraron diferencias en TMB y C con respecto a las especies de bajas elevaciones. En las tres especies el costo metabólico estimado a la temperatura del refugio, excedió la TMB entre 2,5 y 2,9 veces, valores similares al límite fisiológico predicho (2,5 x TMB). Las especies de montaña pueden mantener mayores diferenciales de temperatura al desplazar su zona de termoneutralidad, disminuyendo así el alto costo de la termorregulación. El comportamiento gregario en forma de harems observado dentro del refugio, pudiera permitirles disminuir su conductancia y mantener un mejor balance térmico.
Nota Técnica 9 – Considerações sobre a disposição de lodo de estações de tratamento de água em estações de tratamento de esgoto
Authors: Lopes Bruna Coelho , Mota César Rossas
Published: January 2025

O setor de saneamento no Brasil enfrenta dificuldades crescentes com o gerenciamento dos resíduos gerados, tanto em estações de tratamento de esgoto — ETE (lodo de esgoto) quanto em estações de tratamento de água — ETA (lodo de ETA). A geração de lodo é intrínseca ao tratamento da água, no entanto a sua disposição final precisa ser feita de forma adequada, em razão do seu elevado potencial causador de impactos negativos no meio ambiente e na saúde pública. A disposição de lodo de ETA na rede coletora de esgoto ou na entrada de ETE é uma alternativa que vem sendo utilizada em alguns países, onde as ETE normalmente contam com decantadores primários e os coagulantes presentes no lodo de ETA aumentam a capacidade de separação sólido/líquido ou remoção de nutrientes como o fósforo. Entretanto, o descarte de lodo de ETA em ETE pode ter efeitos negativos naquelas que não contam com decantadores primários, como é o caso da grande maioria das ETE no Brasil. Nesse contexto, esta Nota Técnica aborda os aspectos mais importantes relacionados ao recebimento de lodo de ETA em ETE.
Biosynthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Cultures from Collection of Microorganisms
Authors: Lyudmila I. Zaynitdinova  , Javlon J. Tashpulatov  , Nikolay A. Lazutin  , Rokhila N. Juraeva  , Aziza M. Mavjudova
Published: January 2025

Biogenic production of copper nanoparticles by bacteria and fungi presents certain scientific and applied interest. In this regard, the ability to synthesize copper nanoparticles by microorganisms from the culture collection of the Institute of Microbiology, which were isolated from polluted areas, was studied. Twenty-one fungal strain and eight bacterial strains were screened, and the biosynthetic activity of representatives of Pseudomonas genus, as the most active biosynthetic of copper nanoparticles, was studied in a comparative aspect. The biosynthetic activity was determined 24-72 hours after adding standard solutions of CuSO4 of different concentration (25 – 50 mg/l by Cu++) to the culture liquid. The formation of nanoparticles was recorded by changing the color of the solution, as well as using UV spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Two strains of Fusarium oxysporum and one strain of Penicillium sp. were found to be the most active among the tested micromycetes. The formation of cubic copper nanoparticles and needle-like structures with a diameter of 800 nm and a length of 40 microns, which were formed as a result of aggregation of cubic nanoparticles with a size of 300-400 nm, has been established. All the tested bacteria showed the ability to synthesize copper nanoparticles, while Pseudomonas stutzeri and Pseudomonas sp. 23 strains expressed the greatest activity and obtained nanoparticles showed high stability. It was also noted that an increase in the initial concentration of copper ions in solution from 25 mg/l to 50 mg/l leads to an increase in the size of the resulting nanoparticles. Based on results of the UV-spectroscopy and AFM microscopy a database of microbial strains synthesizing copper nanoparticles was established, which may be used in future studies.
Experiencias pedagógicas y metodologías participativas en planificación social y socioambiental: aplicación práctica en Ciencias Sociales
Authors: Reyes Moreno Ana Francis
Published: January 2025

Este estudio se realizó en la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Nicaragua (UNANManagua), aborda la necesidad de docentes de Ciencias Sociales capacitados para enfrentar desafíos como la desigualdad económica y la vulnerabilidad ante múltiples amenazas. El trabajo se realizó durante el segundo semestre de 2022, con la colaboración de estudiantes de IV año que participaron en una experiencia pedagógica centrada en la integración de dos componentes: planificación social y socioambiental, empleando metodologías participativas y análisis crítico. A través de enfoques cualitativos, se exploraron las experiencias pedagógicas de los estudiantes, se destaca la importancia del aprendizaje significativo y la integración de habilidades prácticas y conocimientos teóricos. Los resultados evidenciaron la relevancia de un enfoque pedagógico centrado en el estudiante, el apoyo institucional y la formación continua para los docentes. Además, se subrayó la necesidad de una gestión educativa adaptativa que promueva el desarrollo sostenible y la cohesión social.