bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMISSIONS AND PERFORMANCE CHARACTERISTICS OF AN SI ENGINE WITH BIOGAS FUEL AT DIFFERENT CO2 RATIOS
Authors: KARAGÖZ Yasin
Published: October 2019

Nowadays increasing emission regulations and environmental concerns have
led to the use of alternative fuels in internal combustion engines. Biogas is
an alternative fuel that can be produced with clean, green and natural
resources. In this study, a single cylinder, four stroke SI engine was operated
at stoichiometric conditions, 2800 rpm constant engine speed with biogas fuel
at different ratios. As biogas fuel, methane (CH4) and CO2
were used during engine tests. Test results which were taken by using only
gasoline were compared with the results obtained by using biogas fuel at
different CO2 ratios (10%, 20%, 30% and 40% by volume). Although it
was determined specific CO emissions decrease and THC emissions slightly
increases with the increasing CO2 ratio, it is foreseen that the
increase in THC emissions can be prevented by the use of three way catalytic
converter. Although the NOx emissions increase with the use of
biogas compared to gasoline, it was significantly reduced by the increased CO2
rate in the biogas fuel, the CO2's heat carrying capacity and
reducing the O2 availability of the fuel. On the other hand, because
of the high cost of purification process of biogas and after-treatment equipment,
it is foreseen that use of biogas at high ratio of CO2 in SI engines
will be advantageous in terms of NOx emissions.
Implicaciones socio-ambientales de la explotación artesanal de áridos en el municipio de Sumbe, Cuanza Sul, Angola
Authors: Cacilda-André Januário , Lastra-Rivero José Francisco
Published: October 2019

La minería artesanal y a pequeña escala en el municipio de Sumbe, provincia Cuanza Sul, Angola, se ha practicado durante los últimos 20 años, por muchas familias necesitadas de sustento económico y de materiales para construir sus viviendas, provocando daños al medio ambiente de diversa magnitud. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo identificar y evaluar los impactos ambientales que se producen por las explotaciones de áridos mediante la minería artesanal y a pequeña escala en este territorio, con énfasis en la detección de los principales problemas socio-ambientales generados por estas actividades mineras y la necesidad de establecer un marco regulatorio basado en la explotación sostenible de estos recursos mediante una estrategia de ordenamiento ambiental. Para ello se aplicaron métodos de campo, instrumentos de encuesta-entrevista, y métodos para la identificación, caracterización y evaluación de los impactos ambientales. Los resultados obtenidos permiten esclarecer las implicaciones que estas actividades mineras tienen sobre el desarrollo socio-económico sostenible, además de denunciar el uso indiscriminado de mujeres y niños, todo ello estimulado por la alta demanda de los materiales extraídos para construcciones civiles y los beneficios económicos que reportan con inmediatez. La anarquía e irracionalidad derivada de estas acciones provocan impactos ambientales moderados e inestabilidad de los componentes ambientales. Entre las medidas que se proponen para el ordenamiento ambiental de este tipo de actividad minera se consideran: a) la creación de cooperativas; b) el establecimiento de normas que regulen el otorgamiento de concesiones mineras artesanales, con eliminación de la explotación de la población femenina e infantil; c) la aplicación de programas de educación ambiental a la población; d) la elaboración de instrumentos de control para las explotaciones de áridos; e) la implementación de normativas en las que se declaren las responsabilidades individuales y colectivas para la restauración del medio ambiente dentro de un marco legal
Effect of D-Allethrin Aerosol and Coil to the Mortality of Mosquitoes
Authors: Sayono Sayono , Mudawamah Puji Lestari , Meikawati Wulandari , Sumanto Didik
Published: October 2019

Background: Commercial insecticides were widely used by communities to control the mosquito population in their houses. D-allethrin is one of insecticide ingredients widely distributed in two different concentrations namely 0.15% of aerosol and 0.3% of coil formulations. We aimed to understand the mortality of indoor mosquitoes after being exposed to d-allethrin 0.15% (aerosol) and 0.3% (coil) formulations.
Methods: This quasi-experiment study applied the posttest-only comparison group design. The aerosol and coil d-al­lethrin were used to expose the wild mosquitoes in twelve dormitory bedrooms of SMKN Jawa Tengah, a vocational high school belonging to Central Java Provincial Government, on March 2017. The compounds were exposed for 60 min to each bedroom with four-week interval for both of formulations. The knockdown mosquitoes were collected into a plastic cup and delivered to the laboratory for 24h holding, morphologically species identification and mortality re­cording. History of insecticide use in the dormitory was recorded by an interview with one student in each bedroom. Data were statistically analyzed with independent sample t-test and Mann-Whitney.
Results: As many as 57 knockdown mosquitoes belonging to three species were obtained namely Culex fuscocephala, Cx. quinquefasciatus and Aedes aegypti with mortality rate of 50.88% after 24h holding. Knockdown and mortality of mosquitoes were significantly different based on d-allethrin formulations. D-allethrin concentrations were not effective for controlling Culex mosquitoes but effective for Ae. aegypti.
Conclusion: Further efficacy of d-allethrin 0.15% aerosol to eradicate Ae. aegypti is necessary to be conducted in sup­porting the Dengue vector control.
RESVERATROL IN KUBAN WINES
Authors: L. P. Troshin , A. V. Milovanov , Guguchkina  , A. V. Prakh , Е. А. Beliakova
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The main purpose of viticulture is to improve the quality of the grapes, both to a greater extent for ampelotherapy and winemaking, and, to a lesser extent, to onotherapy.

Methodology: The article highlights the results of perennial (from 2014) studies of 18 promising technical grape varieties from different zones of the Krasnodar Territory: Anapo-Taman, Central, as well as Amur from the Black Sea zone of the Krasnodar Territory and two control Western European world-famous and most common varieties Merlot and Cabernet-Sauvignon in the same zones.

Result: The average values of resveratrol were found in wine materials from the varieties Vladimir and Dmitry (4.7 mg / dm3), Podlesny (3.9 mg / dm3), Saperavi Severny (3.5 mg / dm3), 40 let Octiabria (3.3 mg / dm3), Kurchansky and 40 let Pobedy (3.0 and 2.9 mg / dm3, respectively). On the other hand, as shown by the analysis of wine materials, the Antaris, Varyushkin, Mitsar and Plechistik varieties synthesize a lower content of resveratrol (1.0 and 0.9 mg / dm3, respectively).

Applications: This research can be used for the universities, teachers and education students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of resveratrol in Kuban wines is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
COMPENSATION, ORGANIZATIONAL COMMUNICATION, AND CAREER PATH AS DETERMINANTS OF EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT
Authors: Indrasari Meithiana , Syamsudin Nur , Bambang Purnomo Raditya , Yunus Eddy
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The present study investigated the effects of compensation, organizational communication, and career path to employee performance of a transformer distributor company (PT Bambang Djaya) in Surabaya Indonesia because the above three variables were important aspects of improving the employee performance.

Methodology: The data was collected by a Likert Scale questionnaire and analyzed using the multiple linear regression. The participants were 117 employees and selected using a purposive sampling technique.

Result: The results showed that the compensation, organizational communication, and career paths had significant effects simultaneously on employee performance; and the career path was the strongest determinant of employee performance.

Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students.

Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of the compensation, organizational communication, and career path as determinants of employee performance improvement is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
ROWING IN THE FLOW OF KHALAF; INDONESIAN SALAFISM RESPONSE TOWARDS CONTEMPORARY ISLAMIC ECONOMICS
Authors: Rahmanto Mukhlis
Published: October 2019

Purpose: This article is the beginning research of Salafism Islamic economics thought to start from their responses to the entity of Sharia banking as a practical and institutional part of Islamic economics in the Indonesian contemporary Islam context. Methodology: A qualitative approach had used to sculpt and construct Salafism responses from the various documents published by Salafi preachers and scholars and then validated with their doctrinal scholar named Ibn Taimiyya who known as prolific scholar including Islamic economics thought. Result: The results of the research are: first, strengthening thesis as before that Salafism especially da’wa faction was Scriptura list and textualist movement generally. Even though the problems were response both are the economy and business –in Islamic term as a part of mu’amalat dunyawiyah- that there is a slogan accepted by almost scholars of Islamic law as the door of ijtihad was opened largely; second, the spectrum of Salafism Islamic economics thought still circulated in the area of fiqh (law) of economy while their doctrinal scholar Ibn Taimiyya did not only in the area of fiqh economy but also in analyzing the micro and macro-economic variables (Ali, K. (2015)). Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: In this research, the model of rowing in the flow of Khalaf; Indonesian Salafism response towards contemporary Islamic economics is presented in a comprehensive and complete manner.
SHARIAH HOTEL AND MISSION RELIGION IN SURAKARTA INDONESIA
Authors: Muthoifin
Published: October 2019

Purpose: The focus of research to reveal the development of the sharia hospitality industry in Surakarta in terms of effectiveness, existence and Syariah hotel. Methodology: Methodology used in analytical phenomenology and descriptive. Result: The results and conclusions of this study are that the development of sharia hotel industry in Surakarta is now increasing. Sharia hotel business in Surakarta is also considered effective in accordance with the concept of sharia. The existence of sharia hotels has been running well. His mission is to do Islamic business and preaching amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. Applications: This research can be used for universities, teachers, and students. Novelty/Originality: By taking the research location at Zaen Hotel Syariah, Hotel Al-Madinah Syariah and Solo Hotel Syariah. While the data collection through interviews and observation. Data analysis by reducing data, presenting data and drawing conclusions.
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS OF UNIVERSITY TEACHER PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT
Authors: A. Shibankova Lyutsia , V. Ignatieva Alla , A. Belokon Igor , M. Kargapoltsev Sergey , A. Ganaeva Elena , A. Beroeva Elena , N. Trubenkova Svetlana , B. Kozlova Elena
Published: October 2019

Purpose of the study: Conditions of qualifications’ dynamic development, rapid obsolescence of existing competencies actualize the need to create a system of continuous professional growth of teachers on staff training. The purpose of the article is to develop organizational mechanisms that contribute to the professional growth of the teacher inflexible response conditions of education to socio-economic changes.

Methodology: The research methodology relies on the lifelong education concept, defining the design principles of a teacher professional growth system: consistency, continuity, self-development, participative nature, pedagogical reflexing

Results: The system of the teacher’s professional growth in the educational institution possessing properties of hierarchy, flexibility, and dynamism is developed. The principles and organizational mechanisms for this system’s implementation are revealed: corporatism as a way to create targeted educational platform based on digital technology; tutoring as the insurance of the teacher’s and the educational organization’s interests  through the accompany of career advancement; branding as a result of the teacher’s and the educational organization’s competitiveness in the market of educational services; road maps for planning, monitoring and support of the teacher’s career development.

Applications of this study: The article is intended for teachers, managers, employees of personnel services of educational organizations.

Novelty/Originality of this study: For the first time the self - learning system of the teacher professional growth is offered which is capable to exist and productively function in modern dynamic conditions at the expense of adaptive organizational mechanisms of reaction to social and economic changes.
Gestão de ilegalismos e o teatro da disciplina: os casos de falta grave por posse, utilização ou fornecimento de celular em uma unidade prisional de Curitiba/PR no ano de 2017
Authors: Giamberardino Andre Ribeiro
Published: October 2019

A Lei 11.466/2007 inseriu a posse, utilização ou fornecimento de celular, rádio ou similar como hipótese de falta grave, conforme o art. 50, VII, da Lei de Execução Penal. Hoje, o que se vê é a absorção da proibição dos celulares pelas práticas de gestão e construção da ordem interna, aqui tomadas a partir do conceito foucaultiano de ilegalismo e de algumas hipóteses fundantes da sociologia das prisões. A pesquisa traz recorte empírico com todos os casos de falta grave em uma unidade de Curitiba/PR em 2017, totalizando 16 (dezesseis), colocando a questão de quais seriam os parâmetros determinantes para imputação de responsabilidade disciplinar por telefones celulares ou similares apreendidos a este ou àquele preso. A partir da análise dos processos e observação participante, evidencia-se como na grande maioria dos casos os presos que assumem a responsabilidade pelos itens apreendidos o fazem por não terem família na região ou por terem uma pena remanescente alta, tendo por objetivo a contraprestação pecuniária ou outros favores, não sendo os verdadeiros donos dos aparelhos. A aplicação da sanção disciplinar, com conhecimento da falsidade da confissão, indica que o Estado opera como gestor de ilegalismos e não a partir do binômio lícito/ilícito oriundo da norma jurídica.
A New Approach for Planning M.C.W.H. Systems with Annual Rainfall-Runoff Data
Authors: Giakoumakis Spyros , Skalieris Alexis
Published: October 2019

In this study a new approach for planning Micro-Catchment Water Harvesting (M.C.W.H.) systems for irrigation in semi-arid regions such as the Aegean islands, is presented. M.C.W.H. is a cheap solution for constructing irrigation infrastructure with zero energy cost in regions where water is scarce. The proposed approach introduces simple linear relationships for estimating the annual volume of water Vs collected mainly from the CA (Contributing Area), stored in the root zone (Infiltration Basin, IB), according to the annual rainfall and runoff depths, after having determined the ratio of areas of micro-catchment (MC) components i.e. λ= ΑCA/ΑΙΒ and its whole area AMC This procedure was applied in Paros island of the Cyclades complex in the middle of the Aegean sea in east Mediterranean. Besides, income-cost analysis was performed via NPV method for almond, peach and apricot trees. The new approach was proved versatile and easy to use. Besides, the investment turned out to be advantageous two years after the MCs construction.
The G119S Acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) Target Site Mutation Confers Carbamate Resistance in the Major Malaria Vector Anopheles gambiae from Cameroon: A Challenge for the Coming IRS Implementation
Authors: Elanga-Ndille Emmanuel , Nouage Lynda , Ndo Cyrille , Binyang Achille , Assatse Tatiane , Nguiffo-Nguete Daniel , Djonabaye Doumani , Tene-Fossog Billy , Irving Helen , Wondji Charles S.
Published: October 2019

Growing resistance is reported to carbamate insecticides in malaria vectors in Cameroon. However, the contribution of acetylcholinesterase (Ace-1) to this resistance remains uncharacterised. Here, we established that the G119S mutation is driving resistance to carbamates in Anopheles gambiae populations from Cameroon. Insecticide bioassay on field collected mosquitoes from Bankeng, a locality in southern Cameroon, showed high resistance to the carbamates bendiocarb (64.8 ± 3.5 % mortality) and propoxur (55.71 ± 2.9 %) but a full susceptibility to the organophosphate fenithrothion. The TaqMan genotyping of the G119S mutation in field-collected adults revealed the presence of this resistance allele (39%). A significant correlation was observed between the Ace-1R and carbamate resistance at allelic [(bendiocarb; OR = 75.9; P<0.0001) and (propoxur; OR= 1514; P<0.0001)] and genotypic [RR vs SS (bendiocarb; OR = 120.8; P<0.0001) and (propoxur; OR= 3277; P<0.0001) levels. Furthermore, the presence of the mutation was confirmed by sequencing an Ace-1 portion flanking codon 119. The cloning of this fragment revealed a likely duplication of Ace-1 in Cameroon as mosquitoes exhibited at least three distinct haplotypes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the predominant Ace-1R allele is identical to that from West Africa suggesting a recent introduction of this allele in Central Africa from the West. The spread of this Ace-1R represents a serious challenge to future implementation of IRS-based interventions using carbamates or organophosphates in Cameroon
Risk Factors and Behaviours of Schoolchildren with Myopia in Taiwan
Authors: Cheng Han-Chih , Chang Koyin , Shen Elizabeth , Luo Kai-Shin , Ying Yung-Hsiang
Published: October 2019

Importance: Because of the high prevalence of myopia in Taiwan, understanding the risk factors for its development and progression is important to public health. Background: This study investigated the risk factors for myopia and their influence on the progression of myopia in schoolchildren in Taiwan. Design: Patients’ clinical records were obtained retrospectively from ophthalmologists. Questionnaires were given to collect demographic information, family background, hours spent on daily activities, myopia progression, and treatment methods. Participants: A total of 522 schoolchildren with myopia from a regional medical hospital in northern Taiwan participated the study. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants of legal age or the parents or legal guardians. Methods: Multivariable regression analyses were performed. Myopia measured in dioptres was analysed, controlling for patients’ family and demographic information as well as their daily behaviours. Main Outcome Results: Children with high myopic parents were more myopic. Earlier onset age of myopia was associated with a higher level of myopia and greater annual myopic progression. Children reporting more near work activities had higher levels of myopia and greater progression of myopia. Lower levels of myopia were associated with more exercise, longer periods of sleep, and better vision care knowledge in children and parents. Intake of food supplements had no effect on myopia. Conclusions and Relevance: In addition to genetics, education, environment, and near work activity can influence the development of myopia. Health policies for schoolchildren should promote protective activities and vision care knowledge in order to protect the eyesight of schoolchildren.
Escherichia coli (E. coli) as an Indicator of Fecal Contamination in Water: A Review
Authors: Khan Farhan Mohammad , Gupta Rajiv
Published: October 2019

Escherichia coli or E. coli is a member of the fecal coliform group and is a more specific indicator of fecal contamination than other fecal coliform species, its presence indicate possibly presence of harmful bacteria which will cause diseases and it also suggests the extent as well as the nature of the contaminants. E. coli bacteria able to survive in water for 4 – 12 weeks and at present, it appears as an indicator to provide the accurate bacterial contamination of fecal matter in drinking water, because of the availability of simple, affordable, fast, sensitive and exact detection techniques. According to the laboratory experiment based techniques, 24 - 48 hours are required for the bacterial concentration to be reported. So, there is a necessity for continuous monitoring. Techniques for detection of many pathogenic bacterial strains are not yet available, sometimes days to weeks are required to get the results. To overcome the difficulties, expensive and time-consuming techniques are required to detect, count and identify the presence of specific bacterial strain. Public health relies on online monitoring of water quality that depends majorly on examination of fecal indicator bacteria, thus protection of health requires fecal pollution indicator so that it is not required to analyze drinking water to overcome the problems associated with waterborne diseases. This paper will brief the classification, sources, survival of E. coli bacteria and its correlation with basic water quality parameters in water sources.```
Aplicação do método FMEA para a análise de imprecisões no gerenciamento da movimentação de contêineres vazios: um estudo de caso
Authors: Longaray André Andrade , Gomes Ana Luiza , Storino Diogo Garcia , Tondolo Vilmar Gonçalves , Tondolo Rosana Portella
Published: October 2019

O objetivo do artigo é descrever a utilização do método Failure Mode end Effect Analysis (FMEA) no gerenciamento do processo de movimentação de contêineres vazios em uma empresa do ramo da logística, que atua, entre outras atividades logísticas, como Terminal de Contêineres Vazios. Desta forma, buscou-se identificar e classificar os modos de falha potenciais que podem ocorrer durante o processo. O estudo de caso consistiu na aplicação de um questionário semiestruturado, o qual foi direcionado à equipe multidisciplinar composta por oito funcionários da empresa em estudo. Com o auxílio de profissionais da área, identificou-se vinte modos de falha potenciais, que adaptados à realidade da empresa estudada, foram classificados quanto à gravidade, ocorrência e detectabilidade. A partir dos cinco modos de falha potenciais com maior Número de Prioridade de Risco (RPN), foram identificados as causas e os efeitos. Assim, elencou-se sugestões de medidas corretivas que podem ser adotadas pela empresa para minimizar os efeitos das falhas, melhorar a produtividade da empresa e diminuir o lead time do processo. Sugere-se, para trabalhos futuros, a aplicação das medidas corretivas elencadas nesta pesquisa e a comparação dos cenários para verificação de melhorias no processo, na produtividade e na qualidade do serviço prestado.
The Effect of Variety and Harvesting Time of Sorghum Planted in Stylosanthes Pasture on Growth, Production and Prussic Acid Content
Authors: Dewi Meita Puspa , Umami Nafiatul , Suhartanto Bambang
Published: October 2019

This research was aimed to determine the growth, production and prussic acid content of sorghum variety that planted on stylosanthes pasture with different harvesting time. This research was done using split-plot design with three replications which sorghum variety (brown midrib resistance (BMR) and Super-2) as the main plot and harvesting time (6, 8 and 10 weeks) as the sub plot. The sorghum seeds were germinated for 12 days before planted on the 30 days stylosanthes pasture which was planted with planting space 25 x 25 cm. Sorghum was planted with planting space 75 x 25 cm. The variables observed were plants height, dry and organic matter production and prussic acid. Data obtained were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and significantly different between means were tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test  (DMRT). Sorghum BMR had plant height, dry and organic matter production higher (P<0.05) than Super-2. Prussic acid content of BMR was lower (P<0.05) than Super-2. The older harvesting time increase (P<0.05) plant height, dry matter and organic production, but reduced (P<0.05) prussic acid content from 727.34 mg/kg to 241.71 mg/kg. Based on the results it can be concluded that the oldest harvesting time (10 weeks) produced the highest dry and organic matter, and reduce prussic acid content. Sorghum BMR is more productive and grew faster than Super-2. Sorghum BMR that harvested in 10-week shows the best in growth and productivity also had lower prussic acid content.
Quantitative Analysis of Integrity Failures in Subsea Oil Wells Using a Markovian Model
Authors: Colombo Danilo , de Abreu Danilo Taverna Martins Pereira , Martins Marcelo Ramos , Lima Gilson Brito Alves , Neves Maurício Moraes , Garcia Pauli Adriano de Almada , Frutuoso e Melo Paulo Fernando Ferreira
Published: October 2019

Well-integrity management is a key activity to prevent hydrocarbon leakages during the oilwell life cycle. Accordingly, qualitative techniques associated with the monitoring, testing, and checking of well integrity are widespread in the industry. However, there is still space to advance in terms of quantitative approaches that support the decision making regarding what action to perform when a failure occurs and, additionally, the resource planning without overlooking the risks. In line with this, we propose a Markovian model that allows computing the probability of uncontrolled hydrocarbon releases into the environment. This paper includes a case study demonstrating the model application and the impact of considering successful component tests and evidence of failures.
Lessons learned from engaging communities for Ebola vaccine trials in Sierra Leone: Reciprocity, reliability, relationships and respect (The Four R’s)
Authors: Dada Sara , McKay Gillian , Mateus Ana L. , Lees Shelley
Published: October 2019

Background

Building trust and engaging the community are important for biomedical trials. This was core to the set up and delivery of the EBOVAC-Salone and PREVAC Ebola vaccine trials in Sierra Leone during and following the 2014-2016 West African Ebola epidemic. Local community liaison teams (CLT) engaged with the community through public meetings, radio chat shows, and other activities, while a social science team (SST) assessed community members’ and participants’ perceptions and regularly updated the clinical team to adapt procedures to improve the acceptability and compliance of the trial. The objective of this study was to examine the community engagement (CE) program in these trials and to identify potential barriers and facilitators.Methods

Fifteen CLT and SST members participated in in-depth interviews and 23 community members attended three focus groups to discuss the Ebola vaccine trials and their experiences and perspectives of the CE activities.Results

A key aim of the CE program was to build trust between the community and the trial. Four main principles (the “four R’s”) evolved from the discussions with team members and the community that influenced this trust: reciprocity, relatability, relationships and respect. The CLT and SST ensured reciprocal communication between the trial and the community. The CLT delivered key messages from the trial, whilst the SST completed ethnographic research in the field to uncover rumors and perceptions of the trial in the community. These ethnographic findings were shared with the CLT and addressed in targeted messaging to the community. Both the CLT and SST approached the communities in an egalitarian manner, by dressing modestly, speaking local dialects, and using relatable examples. Appreciation and understanding of the importance of interpersonal relationships and respect for the people, their customs, and traditions also played a large role in the CE program.Conclusion

These findings provide an in-depth understanding of how interdisciplinary community liaison and social science teams can work with a clinical team to strengthen trust. The four R’s suggest the ways in which trust relations are central to CE and confidence in vaccine trials, and could offer an approach to CE in vaccine trials.
Identification of two novel COL10A1 heterozygous mutations in two Chinese pedigrees with Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia
Authors: Kong Lingchi , Shi Li , Wang Wenbo , Zuo Rongtai , Wang Mengwei , Kang Qinglin
Published: October 2019

Background: Schmid-type metaphyseal chondrodysplasia (MCDS) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by COL10A1 mutations, which is characterized by short stature, waddling gait, coxa vara and bowing of the long bones. However, descriptions of the expressivity of MCDS are rare.
Methods: Two probands and available family members affected with MCDS were subjected to clinical and radiological examination. Genomic DNA of all affected individuals was subjected to whole-exome sequencing, and candidate mutations were verified by Sanger sequencing in all available family members and in 250 normal control donors. A spatial model of the type X collagen (α1) C-terminal noncollagenous (NC1) domain was further constructed.
Results: We found that the phenotype of affected family members exhibited irregular dominance. Mutation analysis indicated that there were two novel heterozygous missense mutations, [c.1765T>A (p.Phe589Ile)] and [c.1846A>G (p.Lys616Glu)] in the COL10A1 gene in family 1 and 2, respectively. The two novel substitution sites were highly conserved and the mutations were predicted to be deleterious by in silico analysis. Furthermore, protein modeling revealed that the two substitutions were located in the NC1 domain of collagen X (α1), which potentially impacted the trimerization of collagen X (α1) and combination with molecules in the pericellular matrix.
Conclusion: Two novel mutations were identified in the present study, which will facilitate diagnosis of MCDS and further expand the spectrum of the COL10A1 mutations associated with MCDS patients. In addition, our research revealed the phenomenon of irregular dominance in MCDS.
Enhancement of Aeribacillus pallidus lipase production through optimization of medium composition using Box behnken design and its application in detergents formulations
Authors: KTATA Ameni , aida karray , Mnif Ines , BEZZINE Sofiane
Published: October 2019

Background : Alkaline, thermostable bacterial lipases are very interested at detergent applications, seen that they replace the use of synthetic detergents which cause substantial environmental problems. These enzymes based detergent are eco friendly and produce a waste water with low level of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand). The present study, investigates a newly isolated Aeribacillus pallidus strain produces, without induction, a novel halophilous, thermo-alkaline and detergent- tolerant lipase.
Results: Considerable interest has been given to this lipase by the improvement of its production by the optimization of the pH, the (C/N) ratio and the inoculums size, using the response surface methodology based on the Box-Behnken Design of experiments. A total of 16 experiments were conducted, and the optimized pH, (C/N) ratio and inoculums size were 10, 1 and 0.3 respectively. The results of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test indicated that the established model was significant (p value < 0.05).
Conclusions: A 6.68-fold of increase in enzyme activity was revealed under the optimized conditions with the maximum activity of 68 U/mL. Additionally, lipase of Aeribacillus pallidus is considered as a potential candidate for applications in detergent formulations since it displayed a good stability towards detergents and wash performance.
The performance of anthropometric measures to predict diabetes mellitus and hypertension among adults in Jordan
Authors: Khader Yousef , Batieha Anwar , Jaddou Hashem , El-Khateeb Mohammad , Ajlouni Kamel
Published: October 2019

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate and compare the abilities of waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) to predict recently and previously diagnosed diabetes and hypertension and assess their appropriate cut-off values among Jordanian adults.
Methods: Data from the 2017 cardiovascular risk factors survey were analyzed to achieve the study objective. The survey collected extensive data from a national population-based sample of Jordanian residents. A structured questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic variables and clinical data. Blood samples were taken for biochemical measurements. Anthropometric characteristics were measured by the same team of trained field researchers.
Results: This study included a total of 1193 men and 2863 women. Their age ranged from 18 to 90 year with a mean (SD) of 43.8 (14.2) year. WHtR performed better than other anthropometric measures and had a good ability (AUC>0.80) among women and fair ability among men to predict newly diagnosed diabetes and previously diagnosed diabetes and hypertension. The appropriate cut-off points for anthropometric measures among women were 92 cm form WC, 104 cm for HC, 30 Kg/m2 for BMI, 0.85 for WHR, and 0.60 for WHtR. For men, the appropriate cut-off points were 100 cm for WC, 104 cm for HC, 27 Kg/m2 for BMI, 0.93 for WHR, and 0.57 for WHtR.
Conclusion: WHtR performed better than other anthropometric measures in predicting diabetes and hypertension among adult population in Jordan. We recommend WHtR as a measure of choice with a cut-off value of 0.6 for women and 0.57 for men to predict diabetes and hypertension among Jordanians.
The Dental complications of canine tooth bud removal in 2-12 years old children in North West Ethiopia
Authors: Teshome Amare , Assefa Berihun
Published: October 2019

Abstract
Objective: Canine tooth bud removal is a process of gouging out an infant’s canine tooth buds, using unsterile tools such as Sharpe blade, garlic, or knitting needle, without anesthesia. The aim of the study was to reveal dental complications of canine tooth bud removal among children visited the dental clinic of the University of Gondar hospital. This study was an institution-based cross-sectional conducted from January 2015-September 2016 at university of Gondar hospital on 2-12 years children. The tooth was assessed for whether it had previously oral mutilated or not. In addition to this, the oral cavity was evaluated for the presence of missed, malformed or normal canine
Results : A group of 355 children aged 2-12 years was examined clinically. The mean age of the children was 7.32±3.12 (SD). The prevalence of canine tooth bud removal was 86.8% which was high in 6-9 years old (54.87%) and first position children (40.26%). The most common dental complications were; malformed enamel (hypoplastic) canine (48.5%) and missed/Unerupted canine (38.6%).
LncRNA regulates tomato fruit cracking by coordinating gene expression via a hormone-redox-cell wall network
Authors: Xue Lingzi , Sun Mintao , Wu Zhen , Yu Lu , Yu Qinghui , Tang Yaping , Jiang Fangling
Published: October 2019

Background
Fruit cracking occurs easily under unsuitable environmental conditions and is one of the main types of damage that occurs in fruit production. It is widely accepted that plants have developed defence mechanisms and regulatory networks that respond to abiotic stress, which involves perceiving, integrating and responding to stress signals by modulating the expression of related genes. Fruit cracking is also a physiological disease caused by abiotic stress. It has been reported that a single or several genes may regulate fruit cracking. However, almost none of these reports have involved cracking regulatory networks.
Results
Here, 0, 8 and 30 h irrigation treatments resulted in the differential expression of 1028 mRNAs and 87 lncRNAs in ‘LA1698’ (cracking resistant, CR) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 468 mRNAs and 15 lncRNAs in CR_30 h_vs_CR_0 h, 321 mRNAs and 19 lncRNAs in CR_30 h_vs_CR_8 h; 531 mRNAs and 75 lncRNAs in ‘LA2683’ (cracking susceptible, CS) at 8 h_vs_0 h, 420 mRNAs and 24 lncRNAs in CS_30 h_vs_CS_0 h, 270 mRNAs and 20 lncRNAs in CS_30 h_vs_CS_8 h; and 339 mRNAs and 64 lncRNAs in the two contrasting tomato genotypes at 0 h, 338 mRNAs and 94 lncRNAs at 8 h, and 369 mRNAs and 77 lncRNAs at 30 h. The GO pathways of the differentially expressed mRNAs were mainly enriched in the ‘hormone metabolic process’, ‘cell wall organization’, ‘oxidoreductase activity’ and ‘catalytic activity’ categories. In addition, the lncRNAs regulated the expression of their neighbouring genes, and genes related to tomato cracking were selected to construct a lncRNA-mRNA network influencing tomato cracking.
Conclusions
This study provides insight into the responsive network for water-induced cracking in tomato fruit. Specifically, lncRNAs regulate the hormone-redox-cell wall network, including plant hormone (auxin, ethylene) and ROS (H 2 O 2 ) signal transduction and many cell wall-related mRNAs ( EXP, PG, XTH ), as well as some lncRNAs (XLOC_010878 and XLOC_016662, etc.).
Socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural factors of the prevalence of diarrhea among children age under-five years in Rural Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Ferede Melkamu Molla
Published: October 2019

Background : Diarrhea is one of the major contributors to deaths for under age five children in Ethiopia. Studies conducted in different countries showed that rural children are highly affected by diarrhea than urban children. Thus, the purpose of this study was to identify the socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors of the prevalence of diarrhea among children age under five years in Rural Ethiopia.
Methods: Data for the study was drawn from the 2016 Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey. A total of 8,041 under-five children were included in the study. Bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression were employed for the analysis of the data to assess the relationships between the prevalence of diarrhea and socio-demographic, environmental and behavioural risk factors among under five children. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 23.
Results : The multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that younger mothers’ children and child’s age 6-11 months (AOR: 3.5; 95% CI: 2.58-4.87), 12-23 months (AOR: 3.1; 95% CI: 2.33-4.04) and 24-35 months (AOR: 1.7; 95% CI: 1.26-2.34) were significantly associated with diarrhea. The two week prevalence of diarrhea was also significantly associated with male children (AOR: 1.3; 95% CI: 1.05-1.58), Children in rural Afar and Gambela regions, households who shared toilet facilities with other households (AOR: 1.4; 95% CI: 1.09-1.77), higher birth order number and households with 3 or more under-five children interacted with older mothers (AOR: 4.7; 95% CI: 1.64-13.45).
Conclusion: The prevalence of diarrhea among under-five children was strongly associated with younger mothers, child’s age between 6-35 months, male children, children in rural part of Afar and Gambela regions, children with higher birth order numbers, those who shared toilet facility with other households and households with 3 or more number of under-five children interacted with older mothers/primary caregivers. Thus, in order to reduce childhood diarrhea, I suggest that child’s health care programs and other efforts in Ethiopia should give special attention to those categories of children who had highly affected by diarrhea.
SCreg: A Registration-based Platform to Compare Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty SPECT/CT Scans
Authors: Dandois Félix , De Buck Stijn , Beckers Lucas , Shah Darshan , Slane Laura , Vandenneucker Hilde , Scheys Lennart
Published: October 2019

Background: A combination of conventional computed tomography and single photon emitted computed tomography (SPECT/CT) provides simultaneous data on the intensity and location of osteoblastic activity. Currently, since SPECT/CT scans are not spatially aligned, scans following knee arthroplasty are compared by extracting average and maximal values of osteoblastic activity intensity from large subregions of the structure of interest, which leads to a loss of resolution, and hence, information. Therefore, this paper describes the SCreg platform based on the principle of image registration to spatially align SPECT/CT scans following unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) and allow full resolution intra-subject and inter-subject comparisons. Methods: SPECT-CT scans of 20 patients were acquired before and 1 year after UKA. Firstly, scans were pre-processed to account for differences in voxel sizes and divided in volumes of interest. This was followed by optimization of registration parameters according to their volumetric agreement, and alignment using a combination of rigid, affine and non-rigid registration. Finally, SPECT values were normalized, and differences between pre-operative and post-operative activity were computed for each voxel. Wilcoxon signed rank sum test was performed to compare Dice similarity coefficients pre- and post-registration.Results: Qualitative and quantitative validation of the platform assessing the correct alignment of SPECT/CT scans resulted in Dice similarity coefficient values over 80% and distances between predefined anatomical landmarks below the fixed threshold of (2;2;0) voxels. Locations of increased and decreased SPECT values obtained during comparisons of osteoblastic activity before and after UKA were mainly consistent with literature. Conclusions: Thus, a full resolution comparison performed on the platform could assist surgeons and engineers in optimizing surgical parameters in view of bone remodeling, thereby improving UKA survivorship.
Explaining unsuccessful physical activity promotion in low back pain patients: A secondary analysis on the usage and acceptance of health coaching
Authors: Dejonghe Lea Anna Lisa , Rudolf Kevin , Becker Jennifer , Stassen Gerrit , Froboese Ingo , Schaller Andrea
Published: October 2019

Background: Multicomponent interventions combined with health coaching are widely recommended to improve a healthy lifestyle. The present study analysed the usage and acceptance of approaches of a multicomponent intervention (telephone, web and face-to-face coaching) for low back pain patients, with the purpose of understanding why the intervention was not as effective as expected. Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial, aimed at promoting physical activity, was conducted. It was a cross-sectional study based on data of a multicomponent intervention group (baseline=201 participants). For evaluating the usage and acceptance, descriptive statistics were applied. Results: Over half (n=118) of the patients participated at least once in the telephone coaching. Approximately half of the participants (44 of 90) rated the telephone coaching as "good". 34 of 92 (37%) participants reported of visiting the web-platform. The web-platform was comprehensible for nearly one-quarter (n=8 of 33) and very useful for one participant. The face-to-face-contact was rated highly (range: 79.4-88.2 out of 100). Conclusion: Usage of the telephone coaching approach was moderate with even fewer participants visiting the web-platform. In addition, these approaches were not rated as very useful. The acceptance of the face-to-face contact was high. Since the usage and acceptance could influence the effectiveness, utilisation and acceptance studies might help to explain the reason for non-effective lifestyle interventions. Therefore, more studies analysing the usage and acceptance are needed. To improve the usage and acceptance, a stronger participatory orientation in the design of interventions and the integration of face-to-face contact could be helpful. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS)-ID: DRKS00004878 Keywords: Usage; acceptance; promoting physical activity; health coach; face-to-face contact; telephone coaching; web based coaching
Effect of high-intensity interval training in young heart transplant recipients: results from two randomized controlled trials
Authors: Nytrøen Kari , Rolid Katrine , Yardley Marianne , Gullestad Lars
Published: October 2019

Background Little is known about the effect of exercise in young heart transplant recipients, and results on group level is lacking. This study summarizes the findings of the youngest participants in two previous randomized controlled trials.Method This is a hypothesis-generating study reporting the main results from the youngest participants in two larger randomized controlled trials investigating the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIT). The article summarizes the main results from 28 young participants (< 40 year of age) who have participated in two previous studies which evaluated the effect of HIT vs. controls in adult heart transplant recipients. One of the studies included de novo heart transplant recipients and the other included maintenance heart transplant recipients. All study tests were performed in-hospital, in the specialist health care setting, but the exercise intervention was carried out locally, in cooperation with the primary health care. In both studies the exercise intervention lasted for 9-12 months. In one study, HIT was compared to controls (no specific intervention), and in the other study HIT was compared to moderate, continuous exercise (MICT). The main outcome measure was peak oxygen uptake (VO 2peak ).Results The summarized findings from the youngest heart transplant recipients in these two studies demonstrated mainly that the improvement in peak oxygen uptake among the younger recipients (< 40 years) was much larger compared to the improvement among the older recipients (≥ 40 years), and in accordance with results from adult heart transplant populations: HIT, compared to MICT, induced the largest improvement in peak oxygen consumption, also in the younger heart transplant recipients.Conclusions This result may suggest that younger recipients benefit more from high-intensity interval training than their older co-patients. However, larger randomized studies focusing on the young heart transplant population is strongly needed to confirm this hypothesis.
Sarcopenia and Low Mean Muscle Attenuation are associated with poor survival in Indonesian patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a retrospective study
Authors: Mardian Yan , Yano Yoshihiko , Ratnasari Neneng , Choridah Lina , Wasityastuti Widya , Setyawan Nurhuda Hendra , Hayashi Yoshitake
Published: October 2019

Background A large-scale Japanese retrospective study showed that low skeletal muscle index (SMI) and intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition are associated with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) survival. Here, we evaluated the effects of SMI and IMF on the survival of Indonesian HCC patients, whose characteristics differ from those of Japanese patients.Methods SMI and mean muscle attenuation (MA) were evaluated using computed tomography images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) in a prospective cohort of 100 Indonesian HCC patients. Clinical, laboratory and body composition data were analysed using the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression model to investigate which factors are associated with prognosis.Results Of 100 patients, 31 were diagnosed with sarcopenia (L3 SMI value ≤36.2 cm 2 /m 2 for men and ≤29.6 cm 2 /m 2 for women), and 65 had IMF deposition (MA value ≤44.4 HU for men and ≤39.3 HU for women). These groups had shorter median survival than the reference groups (both P <0.0001). In multivariable analysis, sarcopenia (hazard ratio [HR], 1.921; P = 0.016), IMF deposition (HR, 3.580; P <0.001), Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stages C and D (HR: 2.396, P <0.01 and HR: 6.131, P <0.01, respectively), Japan Integrated Staging (JIS) score 4 (HR: 2.067, P = 0.020), and male gender (HR: 3.211, P <0.001) were independently associated with mortality.Conclusion Sarcopenia and IMF deposition showed superior value in combination with BCLC stage and JIS score for predicting the survival of Indonesian HCC patients. Increased awareness and strategies to prevent or reverse these factors might improve patient outcomes. (Electric word counts: 249)