bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extracellular thiamine concentration influences thermogenic competency of differentiating neck area-derived human adipocytes
Authors: Vinnai Boglárka Ágnes , Arianti Rini , Győry Ferenc , Bacso Zsolt , Fésüs László , Kristóf Endre
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) dissipates energy in the form of heat majorly via the mitochondrial uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The activation of BAT, which is enriched in the neck area and contains brown and beige adipocytes in humans, was considered as a potential therapeutic target to treat obesity. Therefore, finding novel agents that can stimulate the differentiation and recruitment of brown or beige thermogenic adipocytes are important subjects for investigation. The current study investigated how the availability of extracellular thiamine (vitamin B1), an essential cofactor of mitochondrial enzyme complexes that catalyze key steps in the catabolism of nutrients, affects the expression of thermogenic marker genes and proteins and subsequent functional parameters during ex vivo adipocyte differentiation.

Methods

We differentiated primary human adipogenic progenitors that were cultivated from subcutaneous (SC) or deep neck (DN) adipose tissues in the presence of gradually increasing thiamine concentrations during their 14-day differentiation program. mRNA and protein expression of thermogenic genes were analyzed by RT-qPCR and western blot, respectively. Cellular respiration including stimulated maximal and proton-leak respiration was measured by Seahorse analysis.

Results

Higher thiamine levels resulted in increased expression of thiamine transporter 1 and 2 both at mRNA and protein levels in human neck area-derived adipocytes. Gradually increasing concentrations of thiamine led to increased basal, cAMP-stimulated, and proton-leak respiration along with elevated mitochondrial biogenesis of the differentiated adipocytes. The extracellular thiamine availability during adipogenesis determined the expression levels of UCP1, PGC1a, CKMT2, and other browning-related genes and proteins in primary SC and DN-derived adipocytes in a concentration-dependent manner. Providing abundant amounts of thiamine further increased the thermogenic competency of the adipocytes.

Discussion

Case studies in humans reported that thiamine deficiency was found in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity. Our study raises the possibility of a novel strategy with long-term thiamine supplementation, which can enhance the thermogenic competency of differentiating neck area-derived adipocytes for preventing or combating obesity.
Who persistently consumes dietary supplements? A multifaceted analysis using South Korea’s nationally representative health and nutrition examination survey data
Authors: Kwon Hye-Young
Published: September 2023

Objective

This study aimed to identify multifaceted factors affecting intake of dietary supplements among Koreans.

Methods

Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) data from 2018 to 2020 were obtained, pertaining to functional food intake, health related behaviors and morbidities. A total of 12,031 participants representing the Korean adult population were identified into two groups: 1 year more consumer group (N = 4,345) vs. non-consumer group (N = 7,686). A logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the predictors of dietary supplement consumptions.

Results

Sociodemographic variables were associated with dietary supplement use. Participants who were female (odds ratio [OR] = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.59–2.15), older (OR = 1.06; 95% CI, 1.04–1.08), married (OR = 6.39; 95% CI, 3.44–11.85), highly educated, and high income earners consumed significantly more dietary supplements. Non-smoking (OR = 1.27; 95% CI, 1.06–1.53) and performing aerobic exercise (OR = 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13–1.46) predict dietary supplement consumption. Self-rated health status and health-related quality of life increased the likelihood of dietary supplement intake by 1.86 (OR = 1.86; 95% CI, 1.04–3.32) and 7.77 times (OR = 7.77; 95% CI, 1.66–33.40), respectively. The number of chronic diseases, cancer, or stroke was not significantly associated with intake. Those with obesity tended to less consume dietary supplements (OR = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.74–0.97). Hypertension (OR = 3.14; 95% CI, 1.36–7.21), osteoporosis (OR = 1.47; 95% CI, 1.11–1.95), and asthma (OR = 0.44; 95% CI, 0.27–0.73) were significantly associated with the intake.

Conclusion

Considering that healthy behaviors and subjective health led to the consumption of dietary supplements, whereas current disease or catastrophic experience did not, the intake of dietary supplements should be included in health promotion in Korea.
Expression of microRNA-379 reduces metastatic spread of prostate cancer
Authors: Cassidy James R. , Voss Gjendine , Underbjerg Kira Rosenkilde , Persson Margareta , Ceder Yvonne
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most common type of cancer in males, and the metastatic form is a leading cause of death worldwide. There are currently no curative treatments for this subset of patients. To decrease the mortality of this disease, greater focus must be placed on developing therapeutics to reduce metastatic spread. We focus on dissemination to the bone since this is both the most common site of metastatic spread and associated with extreme pain and discomfort for patients. Our strategy is to exploit microRNAs (miRNAs) to disrupt the spread of primary PCa to the bone.

Methods

PCa cell lines were transduced to overexpress microRNA-379 (miR-379). These transduced PCa cells were assessed using cell growth, migration, colony formation and adhesion assays. We also performed in vivo intracardiac injections to look at metastatic spread in NSG mice. A cytokine array was also performed to identify targets of miR-379 that may drive metastatic spread.

Results

PCa cells with increased levels of miR-379 showed a significant decrease in proliferation, migration, colony formation, and adhesion to bone cells in vitro. In vivo miR-379 overexpression in PC3 cells significantly decreased metastatic spread to bone and reduced levels of miR-379 were seen in patients with metastases. We identified GDF-15 to be secreted from osteoblasts when grown in conditioned media from PCa cells with reduced miR-379 levels.

Discussion

Taken together, our in vitro and in vivo functional assays support a role for miR-379 as a tumour suppressor. A potential mechanism is unravelled whereby miR-379 deregulation in PCa cells affects the secretion of GDF-15 from osteoblasts which in turn facilitates the metastatic establishment in bone. Our findings support the potential role of miR-379 as a therapeutic solution for prostate cancer.
Immunology of cord blood T-cells favors augmented disease response during clinical pediatric stem cell transplantation for acute leukemia
Authors: Borrill Roisin , Poulton Kay , Wynn Robert
Published: September 2023

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has been an important and efficacious treatment for acute leukemia in children for over 60 years. It works primarily through the graft-vs.-leukemia (GVL) effect, in which donor T-cells and other immune cells act to eliminate residual leukemia. Cord blood is an alternative source of stem cells for transplantation, with distinct biological and immunological characteristics. Retrospective clinical studies report superior relapse rates with cord blood transplantation (CBT), when compared to other stem cell sources, particularly for patients with high-risk leukemia. Xenograft models also support the superiority of cord blood T-cells in eradicating malignancy, when compared to those derived from peripheral blood. Conversely, CBT has historically been associated with an increased risk of transplant-related mortality (TRM) and morbidity, particularly from infection. Here we discuss clinical aspects of CBT, the unique immunology of cord blood T-cells, their role in the GVL effect and future methods to maximize their utility in cellular therapies for leukemia, honing and harnessing their antitumor properties whilst managing the risks of TRM.
Chlorogenic acid: a review on its mechanisms of anti-inflammation, disease treatment, and related delivery systems
Authors: Huang Jianhuan , Xie Mingxiang , He Liang , Song Xiaoping , Cao Tianze
Published: September 2023

Chlorogenic acid is a bioactive compound ubiquitously present in the natural realm, lauded for its salient anti-inflammatory and antioxidant attributes. It executes its anti-inflammatory function by moderating the synthesis and secretion of inflammatory mediators, namely, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, NO, and PGE2. Concurrently, it modulates key signaling pathways and associated factors, including NF-κB, MAPK, Nrf2, and others, bestowing protection upon cells and tissues against afflictions such as cardio-cerebrovascular and diabetes mellitus. Nevertheless, the inherent low bioavailability of chlorogenic acid poses challenges in practical deployments. To surmount this limitation, sophisticated delivery systems, encompassing liposomes, micelles, and nanoparticles, have been devised, accentuating their stability, release mechanisms, and bioactivity. Given its innate anti-inflammatory prowess and safety profile, chlorogenic acid stands as a promising contender for advanced biomedical investigations and translational clinical endeavors.
Research landscape and frontiers of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: a bibliometric and visual analysis
Authors: Gao Bowen , Chen Zhiheng , Shi Meijie , Mo Yousheng , Xiao Huanming , Xie Yubao , Lin Ming , Chi Xiaoling
Published: September 2023

Background:Due to the widespread prevalence of caloric excess and sedentary behavior on a global scale, there is a growing body of epidemiological evidence indicating that non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) has rapidly become a leading aetiology underlying of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In light of the escalating incidence of NASH-associated HCC (NASH-HCC), it is imperative to mitigate the impending burden. While there has been an increase in global awareness regarding this issue, it has yet to be examined from a bibliometric standpoint. Therefore, this study seeks to provide a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to characterize the evolution of this field.

Method:The present study utilized the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) to identify publications pertaining to NASH-HCC over the past 2 decades. Employing Vosviewer 1.6.19, CiteSpace 6.2.R2, and the Analysis Platform of Bibliometrics, the study conducted an analysis of various dimensions including the quantity of publications, countries, institutions, journals, authors, co-references, keywords, and trend topics in this field.

Results:A comprehensive analysis of 3,679 publications pertaining to NASH-HCC, published between 1 January 2002 and 1 April 2023, was conducted. The field in question experienced a rapid increase in publications, with the United States serving as the central hub. Collaboration between institutions was more extensive than that between countries. Notably, HEPATOLOGY (n= 30,168) emerged as the most impactful journal, and Zobair M. Younossi (n= 10,025) as the most frequently cited author in co-citations. The most commonly cited references were KLEINER DE, 2005, HEPATOLOGY (n= 630), followed by YOUNOSSI ZM, 2016, HEPATOLOGY (n= 493). The author keywords were categorized into three distinct clusters, namely, Cluster 1 (Mechanism), Cluster 2 (Factors), and Cluster 3 (Diagnosis). Analysis of high-frequency co-occurring keywords and topical trends revealed emphasis on molecular mechanisms in current research. “macrophages” and “tumor microenvironment” were active research hotspots at present in this field.

Conclusion:A bibliometric analysis was performed for the first time on publications pertaining to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-hepatocellular carcinoma, uncovering co-research networks, developmental trends, and current research hotspots. The emerging frontiers of this field focused on the macrophages and tumor microenvironment, especially the tumor-associated macrophages, offering a fresh perspective for future research directions.
Impact of chronic heat stress on behavior, oxidative status and meat quality traits of fast-growing broiler chickens
Authors: Cartoni Mancinelli Alice , Baldi Giulia , Soglia Francesca , Mattioli Simona , Sirri Federico , Petracci Massimiliano , Castellini Cesare , Zampiga Marco
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to investigate, through a multifactorial approach, the relationship among some in-vivo parameters (i.e., behavior and blood traits) in broilers exposed to chronic HS, and their implications on proximate composition, technological properties, and oxidative stability of breast meat. A total of 300 Ross 308 male chickens were exposed, from 35 to 41 days of age, to either thermoneutral conditions (TNT group: 20°C; six replicates of 25 birds/each) or elevated ambient temperature (HS group: 24 h/d at 30°C; six replicates of 25 birds/each). In order to deal with thermal stress, HS chickens firstly varied the frequency of some behaviors that are normally expressed also in physiological conditions (i.e., increasing “drinking” and decreasing “feeding”) and then exhibited a behavioral pattern finalized at dissipating heat, primarily represented by “roosting,” “panting” and “elevating wings.” Such modifications become evident when the temperature reached 25°C, while the behavioral frequencies tended to stabilize at 27°C with no further substantial changes over the 6 days of thermal challenge. The multifactorial approach highlighted that these behavioral changes were associated with oxidative and inflammatory status as indicated by lower blood γ-tocopherol and higher carbonyls level (0.38 vs. 0.18 nmol/mL, and 2.39 vs. 7.19 nmol/mg proteins, respectively for TNT and HS; p < 0.001). HS affected breast meat quality by reducing the moisture:protein ratio (3.17 vs. 3.01, respectively for TNT and HS; p < 0.05) as well as the muscular acidification (ultimate pH = 5.81 vs. 6.00, respectively; p < 0.01), resulting in meat with higher holding capacity and tenderness. HS conditions reduced thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) concentration in the breast meat while increased protein oxidation. Overall results evidenced a dynamic response of broiler chickens to HS exposure that induced behavioral and physiological modifications strictly linked to alterations of blood parameters and meat quality characteristics.
Deep learning classification of systemic sclerosis from multi-site photoplethysmography signals
Authors: Iqbal Sadaf , Bacardit Jaume , Griffiths Bridget , Allen John
Published: September 2023

Introduction: A pilot study assessing a novel approach to identify patients with Systemic Sclerosis (SSc) using deep learning analysis of multi-site photoplethysmography (PPG) waveforms (“DL-PPG”).

Methods: PPG recordings having baseline, unilateral arm pressure cuff occlusion and reactive hyperaemia flush phases from 6 body sites were studied in 51 Controls and 20 SSc patients. RGB scalogram images were obtained from the PPG, using the continuous wavelet transform (CWT). 2 different pre-trained convolutional neural networks (CNNs, namely, GoogLeNet and EfficientNetB0) were trained to classify the SSc and Control groups, evaluating their performance using 10-fold stratified cross validation (CV). Their classification performance (i.e., accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity, with 95% confidence intervals) was also compared to traditional machine learning (ML), i.e., Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA) and K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN).

Results: On a participant basis DL-PPG accuracy, sensitivity and specificity for GoogLeNet were 83.1 (72.3–90.9), 75.0 (50.9–91.3) and 86.3 (73.7–94.3)% respectively, and for EfficientNetB0 were 87.3 (77.2–94.0), 80.0 (56.3–94.3) and 90.1 (78.6–96.7)%. The corresponding results for ML classification using LDA were 66.2 (53.9–77.0), 65.0 (40.8–84.6) and 66.7 (52.1–79.2)% respectively, and for KNN were 76.1 (64.5–85.4), 40.0 (19.1–63.9), and 90.2 (78.6–96.7)% respectively.

Discussion: This study shows the potential of DL-PPG classification using CNNs to detect SSc. EfficientNetB0 gave an overall improved performance compared to GoogLeNet, with both CNNs performing better than the traditional ML methods tested. Our automatic AI approach, using transfer learning, could offer significant benefits for SSc diagnostics in a variety of clinical settings where low-cost portable and easy-to-use diagnostics can be beneficial.
Cellular and oxidative stress responses of Mytilus galloprovincialis to chlorpromazine: implications of an antipsychotic drug exposure study
Authors: Impellitteri Federica , Yunko Kateryna , Martyniuk Viktoria , Khoma Vira , Piccione Giuseppe , Stoliar Oksana , Faggio Caterina
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Bivalve molluscs like Mytilus galloprovincialis are valuable bioindicators due to their filter-feeding lifestyle, wide distribution, and ability to concentrate xenobiotics. Studying the effects of pharmaceuticals on these molluscs is crucial given their presence in surface waters. This study investigated the response of M. galloprovincialis to chlorpromazine (Cpz), an antipsychotic with antiviral activity against influenza, HIV, and coronaviruses in human cells.

Methods: In this study, we examined the 14-day impact of chlorpromazine (Cpz) on the model species M. galloprovincialis at two concentrations (Cpz 1: 12 ng L-1 or 37 pM; Cpz 2: 12 µg L-1 or 37 nM). To ensure controlled exposure, a stock solution of Cpz was prepared and introduced into the tanks to match the intended concentrations. Seawater and stock solutions were refreshed every 48 h. The primary focus of this study centered on evaluating cell viability, cell volume regulation, and oxidative stress indicators.

Results: Although cell volume regulation, as assessed by decreasing regulatory volume Regulation volume decrease, did not show statistically significant changes during the experiment, digestive cell viability, on the other hand, showed a significant decrease (p < 0.01) in the Cpz 2 group, suggesting effects on the general health and survival of these cells. Biochemically, in both Cpz 1 and Cpz 2, superoxide dismutase activity increased, while catalase (CAT) decreased, causing an elevated lipid peroxidation thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances and protein carbonyls, particularly in the Cpz 2 group. The level of reduced glutathione (GSH) increased in both exposures, whereas the level of GSSG increased only in the Cpz 1 group. Consequently, the GSH/GSSG ratio was elevated in the Cpz 2 group only.

Discussion: A comparison of the magnitudes of anti- and pro-oxidative manifestations indicated a pro-oxidative shift in both exposures. These findings show that Cpz induces non-specific symptoms of biochemical and cellular disturbances in M. galloprovincialis even at the low picomolar concentration.
Analysis of Delta(9) fatty acid desaturase gene family and their role in oleic acid accumulation in Carya cathayensis kernel
Authors: Si Xiaolin , Lyu Shiheng , Hussain Quaid , Ye Hongyu , Huang Chunying , Li Yan , Huang Jianqin , Chen Jianjun , Wang Ketao
Published: September 2023

Carya cathayensis, commonly referred to as Chinese hickory, produces nuts that contain high-quality edible oils, particularly oleic acid (18:1). It is known that stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) is the first key step converting stearic acid (C18:0, SA) to oleic acid (C18:1, OA) in the aminolevulinic acid (ALA) biosynthetic pathway and play an important role in OA accumulation. Thus far, there is little information about SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and the role of individual members in OA accumulation. This study searched the Chinese Hickory Genome Database and identified five members of SAD genes, designated as CcSADs, at the whole genome level through the comparison with the homologous genes from Arabidopsis. RNA-Seq analysis showed that CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 were highly expressed in kernels. The expression pattern of CcSADs was significantly correlated with fatty acid accumulation during the kernel development. In addition, five full-length cDNAs encoding SADs were isolated from the developing kernel of C. cathayensis. CcSADs-green fluorescent protein (GFP) fusion construct was infiltrated into tobacco epidermal cells, and results indicated their chloroplast localization. The catalytic function of these CcSADs was further analyzed by heterologous expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Nicotiana benthamiana, and walnut. Functional analysis demonstrated that all CcSADs had fatty acid desaturase activity to catalyze oleic acid biosynthesis. Some members of CcSADs also have strong substrate specificity for 16:0-ACP to synthesize palmitoleic acid (C16:1, PA). Our study documented SAD gene family in C. cathayensis and the role of CcSSI2-1, CcSSI2-2, and CcSAD6 in OA accumulation, which could be important for future improvement of OA content in this species via genetic manipulation.
Transcriptomic and metabolomic characterization of antibacterial activity of Melastoma dodecandrum
Authors: Poh Wee Han , Ruhazat Nur Syahirah , Yang Lay Kien , Shivhare Devendra , Lim Peng Ken , Kanagasundaram Yoganathan , Rice Scott A. , Mutwil Marek
Published: September 2023

Antibacterial resistance poses a significant global threat, necessitating the discovery of new therapeutic agents. Plants are a valuable source of secondary metabolites with demonstrated anticancer and antibacterial properties. In this study, we reveal that Melastoma dodecandrum exhibits both bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment with plant extracts results in membrane damage and a reduction in P.aeruginosa swimming and swarming motility. A comparative analysis of bacterial transcriptomes exposed to M.dodecandrum extracts and four distinct antibiotics indicates that the extracts may trigger similar transcriptomic responses as triclosan, a fatty acid synthesis inhibitor. Activity-guided fractionation suggests that the antibacterial activity is not attributable to hydrolyzable tannins, but to unidentified minor compounds. Additionally, we identified 104 specialized metabolic pathways and demonstrated a high level of transcriptional coordination between these biosynthetic pathways and phytohormones, highlighting potential regulatory mechanisms of antibacterial metabolites in M.dodecandrum.
Analysis of the response mechanisms of Pinellia ternata to terahertz wave stresses using transcriptome and metabolic data
Authors: Wang Dongdong , Sarsaiya Surendra , Qian Xu , Jin Leilei , Shu Fuxing , Zhang Chuanyou , Chen Jishuang
Published: September 2023

Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. (Araceae), a significant medicinal plant, has been used to treat various diseases for centuries. Terahertz radiation (THZ) is located between microwaves and infrared rays on the electromagnetic spectrum. THZ possesses low single-photon energy and a spectral fingerprint, but its effects on plant growth have not yet been investigated. The study’s primary objective was to examine the transcriptome and metabolome databases of the SY line to provide a new perspective for identifying genes associated with resistance and growth promotion and comprehending the underlying molecular mechanism. Variations in the biological characteristics of P. ternata grown under control and experimental conditions were analyzed to determine the effect of THZ. Compared with the control group, phenotypic variables such as leaf length, petiole length, number of leaves, leaf petiole diameter, and proliferation coefficient exhibited significant differences. P. ternata response to THZ was analyzed regarding the effects of various coercions on root exudation. The experimental group contained considerably more sugar alcohol than the control group. The transcriptome analysis revealed 1,695 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), including 509 upregulated and 1,186 downregulated genes. In the KEGG-enriched plant hormone signaling pathway, there were 19 differentially expressed genes, 13 of which were downregulated and six of which were upregulated. In the metabolomic analysis, approximately 416 metabolites were uncovered. There were 112 DEMs that were downregulated, whereas 148 were upregulated. The P. ternata leaves displayed significant differences in phytohormone metabolites, specifically in brassinolide (BR) and abscisic acid (ABA). The rise in BR triggers alterations in internal plant hormones, resulting in faster growth and development of P. ternata. Our findings demonstrated a link between THZ and several metabolic pathway processes, which will enhance our understanding of P. ternata mechanisms.
Integrative analysis of metabolome, proteome, and transcriptome for identifying genes influencing total lignin content in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Zhao Jia , Chao Kairui , Wang Achuan
Published: September 2023

Lignin, a component of plant cell walls, possesses significant research potential as a renewable energy source to replace carbon-based products and as a notable pollutant in papermaking processes. The monolignol biosynthetic pathway has been elucidated and it is known that not all monolignol genes influence the total lignin content. However, it remains unclear which monolignol genes are more closely related to the total lignin content and which potential genes influence the total lignin content. In this study, we present a combination of t-test, differential gene expression analysis, correlation analysis, and weighted gene co-expression network analysis to identify genes that regulate the total lignin content by utilizing multi-omics data from transgenic knockdowns of the monolignol genes that includes data related to the transcriptome, proteome, and total lignin content. Firstly, it was discovered that enzymes from the PtrPAL, Ptr4CL, PtrC3H, and PtrC4H gene families are more strongly correlated with the total lignin content. Additionally, the co-downregulation of three genes, PtrC3H3, PtrC4H1, and PtrC4H2, had the greatest impact on the total lignin content. Secondly, GO and KEGG analysis of lignin-related modules revealed that the total lignin content is not only influenced by monolignol genes, but also closely related to genes involved in the “glutathione metabolic process”, “cellular modified amino acid metabolic process” and “carbohydrate catabolic process” pathways. Finally, the cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase genes CAD1, CADL3, and CADL8 emerged as potential contributors to total lignin content. The genes HYR1 (UDP-glycosyltransferase superfamily protein) and UGT71B1 (UDP-glucosyltransferase), exhibiting a close relationship with coumarin, have the potential to influence total lignin content by regulating coumarin metabolism. Additionally, the monolignol genes PtrC3H3, PtrC4H1, and PtrC4H2, which belong to the cytochrome P450 genes, may have a significant impact on the total lignin content. Overall, this study establishes connections between gene expression levels and total lignin content, effectively identifying genes that have a significant impact on total lignin content and offering novel perspectives for future lignin research endeavours.
Construction and verification of machine vision algorithm model based on apple leaf disease images
Authors: Ang Gao , Han Ren , Yuepeng Song , Longlong Ren , Yue Zhang , Xiang Han
Published: September 2023

Apple leaf diseases without timely control will affect fruit quality and yield, intelligent detection of apple leaf diseases was especially important. So this paper mainly focuses on apple leaf disease detection problem, proposes a machine vision algorithm model for fast apple leaf disease detection called LALNet (High-speed apple leaf network). First, an efficient sacked module for apple leaf detection, known as EALD (efficient apple leaf detection stacking module), was designed by utilizing the multi-branch structure and depth-separable modules. In the backbone network of LALNet, (High-speed apple leaf network) four layers of EALD modules were superimposed and an SE(Squeeze-and-Excitation) module was added in the last layer of the model to improve the attention of the model to important features. A structural reparameterization technique was used to combine the outputs of two layers of deeply separable convolutions in branch during the inference phase to improve the model’s operational speed. The results show that in the test set, the detection accuracy of the model was 96.07%. The total precision was 95.79%, the total recall was 96.05%, the total F1 was 96.06%, the model size was 6.61 MB, and the detection speed of a single image was 6.68 ms. Therefore, the model ensures both high detection accuracy and fast execution speed, making it suitable for deployment on embedded devices. It supports precision spraying for the prevention and control of apple leaf disease.
Contribution of endophytes towards improving plant bioactive metabolites: a rescue option against red-taping of medicinal plants
Authors: Tsipinana Sinawo , Husseiny Samah , Alayande Kazeem A. , Raslan Mai , Amoo Stephen , Adeleke Rasheed
Published: September 2023

Medicinal plants remain a valuable source for natural drug bioprospecting owing to their multi-target spectrum. However, their use as raw materials for novel drug synthesis has been greatly limited by unsustainable harvesting leading to decimation of their wild populations coupled with inherent low concentrations of constituent secondary metabolites per unit mass. Thus, adding value to the medicinal plants research dynamics calls for adequate attention. In light of this, medicinal plants harbour endophytes which are believed to be contributing towards the host plant survival and bioactive metabolites through series of physiological interference. Stimulating secondary metabolite production in medicinal plants by using endophytes as plant growth regulators has been demonstrated to be one of the most effective methods for increasing metabolite syntheses. Use of endophytes as plant growth promotors could help to ensure continuous supply of medicinal plants, and mitigate issues with fear of extinction. Endophytes minimize heavy metal toxicity in medicinal plants. It has been hypothesized that when medicinal plants are exposed to harsh conditions, associated endophytes are the primary signalling channels that induce defensive reactions. Endophytes go through different biochemical processes which lead to activation of defence mechanisms in the host plants. Thus, through signal transduction pathways, endophytic microorganisms influence genes involved in the generation of secondary metabolites by plant cells. Additionally, elucidating the role of gene clusters in production of secondary metabolites could expose factors associated with low secondary metabolites by medicinal plants. Promising endophyte strains can be manipulated for enhanced production of metabolites, hence, better probability of novel bioactive metabolites through strain improvement, mutagenesis, co-cultivation, and media adjustment.
Specific and sensitive detection tools for Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina, the causal agent of bacterial blight of hazelnut, developed with comparative genomics
Authors: Kałużna Monika , Prokić Andjelka , Obradović Aleksa , Weldon William A. , Stockwell Virginia O. , Pothier Joël F.
Published: September 2023

Xanthomonas arboricola pv. corylina (Xac; formerly Xanthomonas campestris pv. corylina) is the causal agent of the bacterial blight of hazelnuts, a devastating disease of trees in plant nurseries and young orchards. Currently, there are no PCR assays to distinguish Xac from all other pathovars of X. arboricola. A comparative genomics approach with publicly available genomes of Xac was used to identify unique sequences, conserved across the genomes of the pathogen. We identified a 2,440 bp genomic region that was unique to Xac and designed identification and detection systems for conventional PCR, qPCR (SYBR® Green and TaqMan™), and loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP). All PCR assays performed on genomic DNA isolated from eight X. arboricola pathovars and closely related bacterial species confirmed the specificity of designed primers. These new multi-platform molecular diagnostic tools may be used by plant clinics and researchers to detect and identify Xac in pure cultures and hazelnut tissues rapidly and accurately.
Dynamic cytological and transcriptomic analyses provide novel insights into the mechanisms of sex determination in Castanea henryi
Authors: Wu Guolong , Tian Xiaoming , Qiu Qi , Zhang Yue , Fan Xiaoming , Yuan Deyi
Published: September 2023

Castanea henryi is a monoecious woody food tree species whose yield and industrialization potential are limited by its low female-to-male flower ratio. Here, the male flowers on the male inflorescence of C. henryi were converted to female flowers by triple applications of exogenous cytokinin (CK) (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N’-phenylurea, CPPU). To study the role of exogenous CK in flower sex determination, cytological and transcriptomic analyses were performed on samples from the five stages after CK treatment. Cytological analysis showed that stage 3 (nine days after the last CK treatment) was the critical stage in the differential development of the pistil primordium and stamen primordium. On this basis, one key module and two modules with significant positive correlations with stage 3 were identified by weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), combined with transcriptome data. The CK and GA biosynthesis- and signaling-related genes, three transcription factor (TF) families, and 11 floral organ identity genes were identified in the related modules. In particular, the TFs WRKY47, ERF021, and MYB4, and floral organ identity genes AGL11/15, DEF, and SEP1 with large differences are considered to be critical regulators of sex determination in C. henryi. Based on these results, a genetic regulatory network for exogenous CK in the sex determination of flowers in C. henryi is proposed. This study contributes to the understanding of the role of CK in the sex regulation of flowers and provides new insights into the regulatory network of sex determination in C. henryi.
Home away from home: international students' experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic and the role of US higher education
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqiao , Hsu Kelly C. , Fleming Kirsten E. , Liu Cindy H. , Hahm Hyeouk Chris
Published: September 2023

Introduction

This study focuses on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on international students' overall experiences.

Method

We interviewed 22 international students from 11 countries and 17 universities in the US who participated in a large longitudinal study that aims to understand the physical and emotional wellbeing of young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Guided by Bronfenbrenner's ecological model, the findings suggested that students were impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic at interpersonal, institutional, political, and personal levels.

Results

The results showed that the pandemic exacerbated existing stressors such as the lack of social support from family, various visa regulations, competitive and limited job opportunities, discrimination and xenophobia, particularly toward students from Asia, and financial burdens. Additionally, the findings highlighted students' perceived loss of the “American dream” and the uneven return on investment due to the pandemic.

Discussion

This study reveals the importance of US higher education institutions in supporting international students during the pandemic, particularly in terms of their sense of belonging. Recommendations for institutions drawn from the findings are proposed to better support international students during times of COVID-19 and beyond.
Searching for meaning in a post-scarcity society. Implications for creativity and job design
Authors: Pelligra Vittorio , Sacco Pier Luigi
Published: September 2023

The significance of meaningful and productive work, and the search for profound meaning within it, is akin to the air we breathe. Its importance is often realized only when it becomes contaminated or depleted. In contemporary societies, there is a growing awareness of the significance of the meaning of work, while simultaneously witnessing mounting mistrust and disillusionment as to the significance and social value of numerous jobs. There is paradoxically an increasing demand for meaningful work, while the supply of such work appears to be gradually decreasing. At present, we are recognizing the importance of this vital component that sustains our well-being as it begins to dwindle. The absence of meaningful work may stem from the nature of the work itself, the organizational environment in which it takes place, the prevailing corporate culture, or even the way in which tasks are defined and managed, which makes it challenging to find a sense of purpose and meaning in what we do. While progress can be made on both fronts, addressing cultural and organizational aspects is a more expedient means of intervention without the need of waiting for structural changes in the global economic and social systems.
Millennia of legal content criteria of lies and truths: wisdom or common-sense folly?
Authors: Sporer Siegfried L. , Masip Jaume
Published: September 2023

Long before experimental psychology, religious writers, orators, and playwrights described examples of lie detection based on the verbal content of statements. Legal scholars collected evidence from individual cases and systematized them as “rules of evidence”. Some of these resemble content cues used in contemporary research, while others point to working hypotheses worth exploring. To examine their potential validity, we re-analyzed data from a quasi-experimental study of 95 perjury cases. The outcomes support the fruitfulness of this approach. Travelling back in time searching for testable ideas about content cues to truth and deception may be worthwhile.
Characteristics of positive and negative autobiographical memories central to identity: emotionality, vividness, rehearsal, rumination, and reflection
Authors: Pociunaite Justina , Zimprich Daniel
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Some events are remembered as more central to a person’s identity than others. However, it is not entirely clear what characterizes these autobiographical memories central to one’s identity. In this study, we examined the effects of various characteristics on centrality to identity of positive and negative memories. Characteristics such as emotionality, vividness, and how frequently a memory is retrieved and shared with others as well as ruminative and reflective self-foci were studied.

Methods

The sample included 356 participants (18–92 years of age). First, participants responded to demographic questions and individual difference questionnaires. Next, they recalled memories in response to 12 emotional cue words. The cue words were balanced for emotional valence (i.e., six positive and six negative) and presented in a random order. After retrieving all memories, participants rated them regarding centrality, using the short seven-item Centrality of Event Scale and other memory characteristics, on a seven-point Likert scale. Multivariate multilevel regression was used for data analyzes, to consider multiple characteristics at the same time and account for data dependency within individual.

Results

The results showed that emotionality, vividness, and frequency of memory retrieval contributed to higher centrality of memories, and employing a reflective self-focus resulted in rating memories as more central. In specific cases, these characteristics were associated differently with centrality of positive and negative memories.

Discussion

Central memories can be perceived as markers in a person’s life story. The findings of this study suggest that these marker events are also highly available in a person’s memory system, by being actively emotional, visually rich, and frequently retrieved. Moreover, not only memory characteristics but also individual’s features are important to fully understand the autobiographical memory centrality.
Effects of cognitive and stress management training in middle-aged and older industrial workers in different socioeconomic settings: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Gajewski Patrick D. , Stahn Catharina , Zülch Joachim , Wascher Edmund , Getzmann Stephan , Falkenstein Michael
Published: September 2023

Introduction

The demographic change requires longer working lifetime. However, fear of job loss may lead to chronic stress whereas aging and unchallenging work may accelerate cognitive decline and early retirement. Long-time repetitive work led to impairments of cognitive functions in middle-aged and older employees, as demonstrated in a previous study conducted in a large car manufacturer. In the present study, a training concept was implemented to enhance the cognitive and emotional competence of these employees.

Methods

A first group of employees received a trainer-guided cognitive training only, whereas a wait list control group received a cognitive training and stress management training. This design was applied in two independent samples separated by one year either during or after a socioeconomically tense situation of the factory.

Results

In sample 1, with a tense occupational situation, the cognitive training effects occurred with a delay of three months. In contrast, in sample 2, with less critical socioeconomic situation, the training effects occurred immediately and persisted three months later. Stress management training showed reduction of subjectively and objectively measured stress level.

Discussion

The results indicate that effects of cognitive interventions are diminished under chronic stress which can be reduced after a short stress management training. This leads also to enhanced attention and memory in daily life. In contrast, in Sample 2 with less chronic stress, effects of cognitive training were stronger and persisted at least three months later, whereas stress management training had less impact. This suggests that cognitive learning in occupational settings is only efficient at lower stress levels.
Sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and family history as factors of depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult senior high school students in metro Manila, Philippines, during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Serrano Ian Marie Atasha , Cuyugan Anne Marie Nicole , Cruz Krischel , Mahusay Jan Mae Ann , Alibudbud Rowalt
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Academic institutions must consider the students at risk for developing poor mental health and the factors influencing them. With the scarcity of literature concerning student mental health in the Philippines, this study determined the factors influencing the risk of anxiety, depression, and stress among senior high school students in metro Manila.

Methods

This cross-sectional study explored the influence of sociodemographic characteristics, social support, and family history on depression, anxiety, and stress among young adult senior high school students using the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21) and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS). After describing the data, regression analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 187 participants were recruited. Three out of five participants have a significant risk for depression. Four out of five participants were at significant risk for anxiety. One out of four participants was at risk for significant stress. Social support from a significant other and one’s family may be protective factors for significant depression among the participants. Having female sex may be a risk factor for significant anxiety. In addition, having female sex and a family history of mental disorders may be risk factors for significant stress.

Discussion

Social support should be strengthened among senior high school students to improve their mental well-being. Students at risk for poor mental health, including females and those with a family history of mental disorders, may need additional support in school mental health programs. Finally, further research is recommended to fully understand mental health among Filipino students.
Barriers and facilitators related to healthcare practitioner use of real time prescription monitoring tools in Australia
Authors: Hoppe Dimi , Liu Chaojie , Khalil Hanan
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Real time prescription monitoring tools have been implemented in Australia to address the growing concerns of drug misuse, drug-related mortality and morbidity. The objective of this pilot study is to investigate the barriers and facilitators related to healthcare practitioner use of real time prescription monitoring tools.

Methods

An online survey was distributed to Australian prescribers and pharmacists who use a real time prescription monitoring tool. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and multivariate logistic regression analyses.

Results

A total of 102 questionnaires were analyzed. Practitioners mainly agreed that the tool was easy to use (n = 64; 66.7%) and access (n = 56; 57.7%), and the data was easy to interpret (n = 77; 79.4%). Over half agreed that they wanted training to guide clinical actions (n = 52; 55.9%) and clinical guidelines or guidance on what to do with the RTPM findings (n = 51; 54.8%). Prescribers were more likely to report difficulties with workplace access to a computer or the internet (n = 7; 21.2%) compared with pharmacists (n = 6; 9.2%; p = 0.037). Practitioners working in community settings (n = 59; 57.9%; p = 0.022) and those with 1–10 years practice experience (n = 45; 44.2%; p = 0.036) were more likely to want training to guide clinical actions in response to RTPM information.

Conclusion

This is the first known study to investigate the barriers and facilitators related to practitioner use of RTPM tools in Australia. The results from this study can inform further research to gain an understanding of healthcare practitioners use of RTPM tools, and how to minimize barriers and optimize use for the essential delivery of quality healthcare.