bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
1444-P: Trends and Disparities in Continuous Glucose Monitoring Use in U.S. Youth and Adults with Type 1 Diabetes—2008–2022
Authors: FANG MICHAEL , XU YUNWEN , CORESH JOSEF , BALLEW SHOSHANA , SELVIN ELIZABETH , SHIN JUNG-IM
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) technology has revolutionized the management of type 1 diabetes. However, trends and disparities in CGM use remain poorly characterized in general type 1 diabetes population.

Methods: We conducted a serial cross-sectional analysis of youth and adults with type 1 diabetes using de-identified electronic health record data from the Optum Labs Data Warehouse. Type 1 diabetes status was determined using a validated algorithm. Use of CGM was ascertained by National Drug Codes from prescription order data. We examined trends in CGM use from 2008-2010 to 2020-2022, overall and by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and insurance type.

Results: We included 128,821 individuals with type 1 diabetes (17% under age 18 years; 48% female; 78% non-Hispanic White). From 2008-2010 to 2020-2022, the use of CGM increased from <1% to 47% in youth and 2% to 37% in adults with type 1 diabetes (Fig A1 and A2). Uptake of CGM was similar across age and sex, but substantially lower in racial/ethnic minority patients and those with Medicaid insurance (Fig B1-E2).

Conclusion: Over the past 15 years, the use of CGM has grown significantly among persons with type 1 diabetes in the US. However, racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities have widened in both youth and adults. There is an urgent need to expand access to care and diabetes technology to improve care in this population.

Disclosure

M. Fang: None. Y. Xu: None. J. Coresh: Consultant; SomaLogic, Healthy.io. S. Ballew: None. E. Selvin: None. J. Shin: None.

Funding

K01 DK138273-01
17-OR: ADA Presidents' Select Abstract: Oral Bisphenol A Administration Decreased Peripheral Insulin Sensitivity in Healthy Adults
Authors: SEAL ADAM , MALIN STEVEN K. , SCHAFFNER ANDREW , HUBBARD MICHAEL R. , KEADLE SARAH K. , BRUNNER-GAYDOS HANNAH , ORTIZ ALIA A. , NAKAMURA JANE E. , MCMAHON CLARA , BARNETT RACHEL , KELLEHER ANITA H. , BENNION KELLY A. , PHELAN SUZANNE , HAGOBIAN TODD
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic chemical widely used in consumer goods and is linked to Type 2 diabetes progression in observational studies. No experimental studies have examined whether BPA promotes reductions in peripheral insulin sensitivity. Objective: To determine the effects of oral BPA administration on peripheral insulin sensitivity.

Methods: Forty non-habitually active, healthy adults (22 F, 18 M; 21.3 ± 2.5 yr; 22.1 ± 2.3 kg/m2; 85% Non-Hispanic White) completed a 2-day baseline energy balance diet low in bisphenols during which urine, blood, and peripheral insulin sensitivity (i.e., glucose infusion rate/steady-state plasma insulin) via 120 min euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp technique (40 mU/m2/min; 90 mg/dL) were assessed. Participants were then randomly assigned, in a double-blinded fashion, to a 4-day energy balance diet plus oral BPA administration at 50 μg/kg body weight (BPA-50) or 4-day energy balance diet plus oral placebo (PL) administration. Outcomes were reassessed using a repeated measures ANOVA adjusting for baseline sex, BMI, physical activity, and ethnicity.

Results: From baseline to 4-days, body weight was not significantly (P>0.05) different between PL (mean ± SEM; 66.7 ± 2.5, 66.2 ± 2.5 kg) and BPA-50 (66.7 ± 2.5, 66.7± 2.5 kg). From baseline to 4-days, fasting blood glucose was not significantly (P > 0.05) different between PL (95 ± 2, 88 ± 2 mg/dL) and BPA-50 (92 ± 2, 92 ± 2 mg/dL). Compared to PL urine BPA was significantly higher (P<0.05) following BPA-50. From baseline to 4-days, peripheral insulin sensitivity significantly (P=0.01) decreased in BPA-50 (0.11 ± 0.01, 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/kg/min/uU/ml) and remained stable in PL (0.09 ± 0.01, 0.10 ± 0.01 mg/kg/min/uU/ml).

Conclusion: BPA administration decreased peripheral insulin sensitivity after four days. These data provide the first experimental evidence that BPA administration may increase Type 2 diabetes risk. Supported by American Diabetes Association grant #1-19-ICTS-044.

Disclosure

A. Seal: None. S.K. Malin: None. A. Schaffner: None. M.R. Hubbard: None. S.K. Keadle: None. H. Brunner-Gaydos: None. A.A. Ortiz: None. J.E. Nakamura: None. C. McMahon: None. R. Barnett: None. A.H. Kelleher: None. K.A. Bennion: None. S. Phelan: Research Support; Weight Watchers International. T. Hagobian: None.

Funding

American Diabetes Association (1-19-ICTS-044)
1822-LB: Family Support for Diabetes Action (FAM-ACT) vs. Traditional Diabetes Management Education and Support—Randomized Comparative Effectiveness Trial
Authors: ROSLAND ANN-MARIE , PIATT GRETCHEN , KIEFFER EDITH C. , VALBUENA FELIX , PALMISANO GLORIA , DEVERTS DENISE J. , PEREZ STEPHANIE , YABES JONATHAN , LALAMA CHRISTINA M. , HEISLER MICHELE
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Family support can be crucial to sustaining gains from diabetes self-management education/support (DSMES), especially for low SES Hispanic adults with diabetes (AWD). DSMES lacks structured approaches to engaging support persons (SP). Our objective was to determine the effectiveness of FAM-ACT, a DSMES program focused on AWD-SP dyads vs DSMES with individual AWD, both CHW-delivered and tailored to Hispanic AWD.

Methods: Adult patients with T2D and A1C ≥7.5% at an FQHC serving a Hispanic population were enrolled with an adult SP; dyads were randomized to FAM-ACT or DSMES, then invited to 6 sessions over 6 months. Each FAM-ACT session included SP training on supporting AWD diabetes management. AWD A1C was measured at baseline, 6 and 12 months. The primary outcome was 6-month change in A1C, analyzed using linear mixed models.

Results: Among 222 AWD-SP dyads enrolled, AWD were mean age 52 years (SD 10), 38% men, 82% preferred Spanish language, 39% had a high school degree or more. SPs were mean age 45 (SD 13), 47% were the AWD’s spouse/partner, 26% adult child, and 27% sibling/friend/other. AWD completed mean 3.8/6 sessions, and SP in FAM-ACT arm 2.7/6. In ITT analyses, A1C 6-month decline was greater in DSMES than FAM-ACT (-0.97% vs. -0.42%, p=0.06) but at 12 months, they were similar (DSMES -0.55%, FAM-ACT -0.65%, p=0.77). In Complier Average Causal Effect (CACE) analyses based on AWD and SP with at least average expected session attendance, FAM-ACT 6 month A1C decline was -1.32% vs DSMES -0.89%, p=0.59 and at 12 months FAM-ACT had sustained decline (-1.23% vs -0.47% DSMES, p=0.63).

Conclusion: FAM-ACT was less effective at lowering 6-month A1C than traditional DSMES among low SES Hispanic adults, however FAM-ACT A1C continued to improve 6 months after the program ended while traditional DSMES gains regressed. When supporters engaged with patients in FAM-ACT, AWD had clinically significantly larger improvements that were sustained.

Disclosure

A. Rosland: None. G. Piatt: None. E.C. Kieffer: None. F. Valbuena: None. G. Palmisano: None. S. Perez: None. J. Yabes: Other Relationship; Bayer Inc. M. Heisler: None.

Funding

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK116733)
1861-LB: Efficacy and Safety of HRS9531, a Novel Dual GLP-1/GIP Receptor Agonist, in Obese Adults—A Phase 2 Trial
Authors: ZHAO LIN , ZHU DAN , LIU DEXUE , PAN TIANRONG , WANG DONGJI , HUI YUAN , LING HONGWEI , CAI HANQIN , ZENG MEIFANG , ZUO YUE , SUN YUQI , WANG YIKE , LI XIAOYING
Published: June 2024

Introduction: HRS9531, a novel dual GLP-1 and GIP receptor agonist, has shown prominent efficacy in glycemic control and weight loss in phase 1 trials. This phase 2 study evaluated the efficacy and safety of HRS9531 in obese adults without diabetes.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study, 249 Chinese adults with a BMI of 28-40 kg/m2 were randomized 1:1:1:1:1 to receive once-weekly subcutaneous injections of HRS9531 (1.0 mg, 3.0 mg, 4.5 mg, and 6.0 mg) or placebo for 24 weeks (24W). The primary endpoint was the percentage change in body weight at W24.

Results: The least-squares mean percentage change in body weight from baseline at W24 was -5.4% (95% CI -7.3% to -3.5%), -13.4% (-15.2% to -11.5%), -14.0% (-15.9% to -12.1%), and -16.8% (-18.8% to -14.9%) in the 1.0 mg, 3.0 mg, 4.5 mg, and 6.0 mg groups, respectively, compared to -0.1% (-2.1% to 1.8%) in the placebo group (P<0.0001 for all comparisons with placebo). The proportion of participants achieving ≥5% body weight reduction was 52.0%, 88.2%, 92.0%, 91.8%, and 10.2%, respectively. Additionally, HRS9531 outperformed placebo in lowering blood pressure, improving glycemic control, and reducing triglyceride levels. The least-squares mean changes from baseline to W24 in systolic blood pressure ranged from -4.46 to -8.33 mmHg in the HRS9531 groups (placebo: -0.41 mmHg) and in the waist circumference ranged from -5.14 to -12.73 cm in the HRS9531 groups (placebo: -1.82 cm). Most adverse events (AEs) were mild or moderate in severity, and the most common AEs were nausea, diarrhea, decreased appetite, and vomiting, occurring primarily during dose escalation. No serious AEs were treatment-related and no participants discontinued treatment due to treatment-related AEs.

Conclusion: HRS9531 effectively reduced body weight, blood pressure, blood glucose, and triglycerides, with a favorable safety profile. These data support further clinical development of HRS9531 for obesity treatment.

Disclosure

L. Zhao: None. D. Zhu: None. D. Liu: None. T. Pan: None. D. Wang: None. Y. Hui: None. H. Ling: None. H. Cai: None. M. Zeng: Employee; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Y. Zuo: Employee; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Y. Sun: Employee; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. Y. Wang: Employee; Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd. X. Li: None.

Funding

Jiangsu Hengrui Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd.
1871-LB: Phase 1 Topline Safety, Efficacy, and Pharmacokinetics of Oral Ecnoglutide
Authors: ZHU ZHIYI , LI YAO , WANJUN GUO , ZHENG QING , DENG JIANHUI , ADEGBITE ERIC , ROSS STEPHEN , TELUSCA LIBNIR , JONES CATHERINE L. , FENAUX MARTIJN , XU SUSAN , JUNAIDI MOHAMMED K.
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: Ecnoglutide is a cAMP-biased, long-acting GLP-1RA being developed for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity. Oral ecnoglutide (XW004) is formulated with an absorption enhancer, PNAC (T2026). The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of oral ecnoglutide in healthy adults.

Methods: We conducted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled Phase 1 study in healthy (Cohorts 1 to 3) and healthy obese (Cohort 4) adults. Participants (n = 56) were randomized to receive oral ecnoglutide at target doses of 7, 15, or 30 mg QD for up to 6 weeks, with dose escalation.

Safety, tolerability, PK, and body weight were assessed. The results of Cohorts 1 to 4 are presented, the study is ongoing to evaluate additional dosing schemes.

Results: Oral ecnoglutide was generally safe and well tolerated. The most common AEs were mild to moderate gastrointestinal events that occurred during dose escalation. There were no serious AEs. One participant experienced a Grade 3 AE of diarrhea that led to study drug discontinuation.

At baseline, participants had a mean BMI of 25.8 to 26.1 kg/m2 (Cohorts 1 to 3) and 32.9 kg/m2 (Cohort 4). At end of treatment, participants in Cohorts 1 to 3 receiving up to 7, 15, or 30 mg QD oral ecnoglutide for 2 weeks had body weight change from baseline of -3.63, -3.38, and -6.55%, respectively vs -0.85% for placebo. Participants in Cohort 4 receiving up to 30 mg QD for 6 weeks had a body weight reduction of -6.76% vs -0.85% for placebo.

At steady state, oral ecnoglutide 30 mg QD resulted in a plasma AUC0-24h of 12,470 h*ng/mL and calculated weekly AUC 0-168h of 87,290 h*ng/mL.

Conclusion: Oral ecnoglutide was safe and well tolerated and resulted in pronounced weight loss after 6 weeks of dosing. Improved oral bioavailability enables a daily dose of 30 mg oral ecnoglutide to match or exceed the plasma exposure of weekly subcutaneous GLP-1 analogs. Oral ecnoglutide has a potential to be a best-in-class oral GLP-1RA.

Disclosure

Z. Zhu: None. Y. Li: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. G. Wanjun: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. Q. Zheng: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. J. Deng: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. E. Adegbite: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. S. Ross: None. L. Telusca: None. C.L. Jones: Employee; Sciwind Biosciences. M. Fenaux: None. S. Xu: None. M.K. Junaidi: None.

Funding

Sciwind Biosciences
1910-LB: Disparities in Initiation of Continuous Glucose Monitoring and Impact on Glycemic Control in Children and Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: BORBJERG METTE , KVIST ANNIKA V. , MEHTA KALA , EJSKJAER NIELS , WONG JENISE C.
Published: June 2024

Introduction & Objective: The American Diabetes Association recommends continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) for all people with type 1 diabetes (T1D) as early as the time of diagnosis. CGM has been associated with reductions in HbA1c, and it has been recommended that CGM should be initiated within 12 months of diagnosis. We aimed to determine the impact of insurance and race/ethnicity on the timing of CGM initiation in children with T1D and to compare glycemic control in those initiating CGM within six months of diagnosis compared to later initiation.

Methods: Children up to age 21 years followed at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospital diagnosed with T1D between February 2015 and September 2021 were included (n = 270) and grouped according to time of CGM initiation. Analysis of insurance and race/ethnicity was done using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal Wallis H-test. T-test and Wilcoxon test were performed to compare early and late CGM initiation.

Results: The median time from T1D diagnosis to CGM initiation was 6 months for publicly insured individuals compared to 2 months for privately insured individuals (p-value < 0.001), similar differences were found between individuals of racial or ethnic minority (minority) groups and individuals identified as white, non-Hispanic. Median HbA1c was 7.5% for children with time-of-initiation < 6 months; 8.4% for children with time-of-initiation > 6 months (p-value < 0.001).

Conclusion: Publicly insured children and children of minority groups experience delays in starting recommended T1D treatment with CGM, with a longer time-to-initiation as compared to privately insured children and white, non-Hispanic children. This is of clinical importance, as more optimal glycemic control has been associated with earlier initiation of CGM. Barriers to CGM initiation may result in less optimal glycemic control for publicly insured children and children of minority groups with diabetes.

Disclosure

M. Borbjerg: None. K. Mehta: None. N. Ejskjaer: None. J.C. Wong: Research Support; Dexcom, Inc., Tandem Diabetes Care, Inc., Abbott.
1981-LB: Modeling the Impact of Semaglutide 2.4 mg in U.S. Patients with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease and BMI ≥27 kg/m2
Authors: FAURBY MADS , NANNA MICHAEL G. , TOLIVER JOSHUA C. , DOAN QUAN V. , HENRY ALASDAIR D. , SCASSELLATI SFORZOLINI THOMAS , LEVINE ALINA , FABRICATORE ANTHONY , HOUSHMAND-OEREGAARD AZADEH S. , MARIE NAVAR ANN
Published: June 2024

The SELECT trial demonstrated a 20% risk reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) with semaglutide 2.4 mg in adults with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and overweight/obesity (BMI ≥27 kg/m2). We aimed to quantify the potential population impact of this treatment in the US. National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) data were used to characterize the US population meeting SELECT trial criteria: BMI ≥27 kg/m2, age ≥45 years, ASCVD, and no diabetes, with the number of potential treatment candidates determined using 2023 census projections. The 10-year rate of recurrent MACE events was estimated based on the SMART2 risk calculator. The potential treatment effect of semaglutide 2.4 mg on the number of MACE events in this population was estimated using results from the SELECT trial. As of 2023, 6,161,981 US adults met SELECT inclusion criteria (mean age 67.2 ± 9.9 years, 43.6% female, mean BMI 32.6 ± 5.0 kg/m2). Based on SMART2, an estimated 2,529,310 individuals (41.0%) will experience at least one MACE event in the next 10 years, with the total number of events estimated at 3,064,993. Of these, 497,631 MACE events could be avoided with semaglutide 2.4 mg treatment (Table). The possible therapeutic impact of semaglutide 2.4 mg on eligible US adults is substantial, with the potential to prevent nearly half a million CV events and deaths over the next 10 years.

Disclosure

M. Faurby: Employee; Novo Nordisk. M.G. Nanna: Consultant; Merck & Co., Inc., HeartFlow, Inc. J.C. Toliver: Employee; Novo Nordisk. Q.V. Doan: Consultant; Novo Nordisk, Daiichi Sankyo, Akebia Therapeutics, Inc., AbbVie Inc. A.D. Henry: Consultant; Novo Nordisk. T. Scassellati Sforzolini: Consultant; Novo Nordisk. A. Levine: Consultant; Novo Nordisk. A. Fabricatore: Employee; Novo Nordisk. Stock/Shareholder; Novo Nordisk. A.S. Houshmand-Oeregaard: Employee; Novo Nordisk. Stock/Shareholder; Eli Lilly and Company, Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Navar: Consultant; ESPERION Therapeutics, Inc. Research Support; ESPERION Therapeutics, Inc. Consultant; Amgen Inc. Research Support; Amgen Inc., Bristol-Myers Squibb Company. Consultant; Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Merck & Co., Inc., Bayer Inc., Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, Novo Nordisk, Pfizer Inc., New Amsterdam, Boehringer-Ingelheim, Eli Lilly and Company, Silence Therapeutics.

Funding

Novo Nordisk, Inc.
2071-LB: Reduced Risk of Obesity-Related Cancers with Real-World Weight Loss
Authors: ALKWATLI KENDA , XIAO HUIJUN , MARIAM ARSHIYA , PANTALONE KEVIN M. , ROTROFF DANIEL M.
Published: June 2024

Objective: To assess whether real-world weight loss is associated with a modified risk of developing cancer.

Methods:A retrospective observational study was conducted using the electronic health record at Cleveland Clinic (1/1/00-12/31/22).

The primary endpoint was the development of 13 obesity-related cancers, and the secondary endpoint was the occurrence of 17 other types of cancer. The association between the % change in body mass index (BMI) 3, 5, and 10 year intervals prior to cancer diagnosis (for cases) vs. controls for each cancer endpoint was assessed using logistic regression models.

Results:A total of 105,489 patients:100,162 controls and 5327 cases were identified. The % female was 43% and 52%, the % White was 84% and 78%, and median age (years) was 62 and 53, among cases and controls, respectively. Median BMI at censoring (kg/m2.) was 34.3 for cases and 34.5 for controls.

Our results show reduced risk of developing obesity-related cancers with weight loss at 3 years (OR 0.99, 95%CI [0.984, 0.996]) and 5 years (OR 0.989,95% CI [0.983-0.995]), and for other types of cancer for all time intervals (ORs<1, P <0.001) (Figure 1a). The risk was reduced for renal cell carcinoma (3 years), multiple myeloma (10 years), and endometrial cancer (3& 5years) among primary cancer endpoints (P<0.05) (Figure 1b).

Conclusion:A decrease in risk of developing obesity-related cancers and other types of cancer was associated with real-world weight loss.

Disclosure

K. Alkwatli: None. H. Xiao: None. A. Mariam: None. K.M. Pantalone: Speaker's Bureau; AstraZeneca. Consultant; AstraZeneca. Board Member; Bayer Inc. Research Support; Bayer Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Corcept Therapeutics. Consultant; Corcept Therapeutics, Diasome, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck & Co., Inc. Speaker's Bureau; Merck & Co., Inc. Research Support; Merck & Co., Inc. Consultant; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; Novo Nordisk. Speaker's Bureau; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; Twin Health. Consultant; Sanofi. D.M. Rotroff: Consultant; Novo Nordisk. Research Support; Bayer Inc.
366-P: Mean Blood Glucose–Independent Racial Disparity in HbA1c and Higher Risk for Severe Hypoglycemia Is Evident among Participants in the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial
Authors: CHALEW STUART , MCCARTER ROBERT J.
Published: June 2024

Introduction: HbA1c target levels are often used as a treatment goal for patients with diabetes. Many recent studies indicate that HbA1c overestimates mean blood glucose (MBG) among Non-Hispanic Black (NHB) patients compared to Non-Hispanic White (NHW). We hypothesized that this disparity could be associated with greater risk of hypoglycemia in NHB patients especially where management is primarily based on a treat to HbA1c target. To assess this possibility we analyzed multiyear repeated-measures data from the Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT).

Methods: Publicly available DCCT data was analyzed using mixed effects general linear modeling to evaluate the differences in HbA1c vs MBG for NWB (n=29) and NHW (n=1391) patients accounting for within patient correlation of HbA1c as well as MBG across multiple assessments. The model also controlled for age, diabetes duration, visit year and quarter, body mass index, study group and stratum. as well as interactive and nonlinear effects. Risk for severe hypoglycemia by ethnicity was separately determined.

Results: Over the course of the DCCT, NHB pts had higher HbA1c than NHW patients at any given level of MBG, with greatest difference at lower MBG levels (p=0.001). The difference between groups in HbA1c by MBG adjusted for covariables was 0.51 at MBG of 150 mg/dl (p<0.03) and 0.39 at MBG of 450 mg/dl (p=0.09) Severe hypoglycemia increased with decreasing HbA1c. Relative risk for severe hypoglycemia for NHB was 1.92 compared to NHW (p=0.02).

Conclusions: Among patients in the DCCT, HbA1c overpredicted MBG among NHB and was associated with greater risk for severe hypoglycemia. Predominant reliance on target HbA1c for management of diabetes may contribute to higher risk for hypoglycemia among NHB patients.

Disclosure

S. Chalew: None. R.J. McCarter: None.

Funding

National Intitutes of Health (1R21DK118643-O1A1)
920-P: Sodium–Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Use and Risk of Dementia and Parkinson’s disease among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes—A Longitudinal, Nationwide, Population-Based Cohort Study
Authors: KYUNG KIM HAE , BIESSELS GEERT J. , YU MINHEUI , BAE JIHOON , CHOI ARIM , LEE MINYOUNG
Published: June 2024

The efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) in neurologic disorders is not well-established. This study aimed to investigate the association of SGLT2i use with risks of incident dementia and Parkinson’s disease (PD) in patient with type 2 diabetes. Subjects aged ≥ 40 years, diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, and who started antidiabetic drugs from 1 September 2014 and 31 December 2019 were evaluated, using the National Health Insurance Service Database. Propensity score matching (1:1; SGLT2i to other oral antidiabetic drugs [OAD]) produced a cohort of 358,862. Primary outcomes were a composite of dementia from any cause (Alzheimer’s disease [AD], vascular dementia [VaD], and other dementia) and PD. From the 358,862 participants analyzed (mean age, 57.8 years; 57.9% male), 6,837 incident dementia or PD events occurred. Overall, use of SGLT2i was associated with a 22% lower risk for the composite of dementia from any cause and PD than use of other OADs (adjusted HR [aHR], 0.78 [95% CI 0.73─0.83]) with a 6-month lag period. Regarding the individual endpoints, SGLT2i use was associated with reduced risks for AD (aHR, 0.81 [95% CI 0.76─0.87]), VaD (aHR, 0.69 [95% CI 0.60─0.78]), and PD (aHR, 0.80 [95% CI 0.69─0.91]). In this nationwide population-based cohort study, SGLT2i use significantly reduced the risks for dementia and PD in patients with type 2 diabetes independent of various factors including comorbidities and bioclinical parameters.

Disclosure

H. Kim: None. G.J. Biessels: None. M. Yu: None. J. Bae: None. A. Choi: None. M. Lee: Other Relationship; JW Pharmaceutical Corporation, Boryung Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp., HK inno.N, Servier Korea, Handok Inc., Daewoong Pharmaceutical, KUKJE PHARM CO., LTD, GC Biopharma Corporation.

Funding

Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the Korea Health Industry Development Institute (KHIDI), funded by the Ministry of Health & Welfare, Republic of Korea (HR22C141104)2); 'SENTINEL (Severance Endocrinology daTa scIeNcE pLatform)’ program funded by the 2020 Research fund of Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital; Sung-Kil Lim Research Award (4-2018-1215; DUCD000002); Yonsei University College of Medicine (6-2020-0155)
Glucose load following prolonged fasting increases oxidative stress-linked response in individuals with diabetic complications.
Authors: von Rauchhaupt Ekaterina , Rodemer Claus , Kliemank Elisabeth , Bulkescher Ruben , Campos Marta , Kopf Stefan , Fleming Thomas , Herzig Stephan , P Nawroth Peter , Szendroedi Julia , Zemva Johanna , Sulaj Alba
Published: June 2024

Objective: Prolonged catabolic states in type 2 diabetes (T2D), exacerbated by excess substrate flux and hyperglycaemia, can challenge metabolic flexibility and antioxidative capacity. We investigated cellular responses to glucose load after prolonged fasting in T2D.

Research Design and Methods: Glucose-tolerant individuals (CON, n=10), T2D individuals with (T2D+, n=10) and without diabetic complications (T2D-, n=10) underwent oral glucose tolerance test before and after a 5-day fasting-mimicking diet. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells’ (PBMC) resistance to ex-vivo dicarbonyl methylglyoxal (MG) exposure after glucose load was assessed. Markers of dicarbonyl detoxification, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial biogenesis were analyzed by qPCR, with mitochondrial complex protein expression assessed by western blotting.

Results: T2D+ exhibited decreased PBMC resistance against MG, while T2D- resistance remained unchanged, and CON improved post-glucose load and fasting (-19.0% vs. -1.7% vs. 12.6%; all P=0.017). T2D+ showed increased expression in dicarbonyl detoxification (mRNA glyoxalase-1, all P=0.039), oxidative stress (mRNA glutathione-disulfide-reductase, all P=0.006) and mitochondrial complex V protein (all P=0.004) compared to T2D- and CON post-glucose load and fasting. Citrate synthase activity remained unchanged, indicating no change in mitochondrial number. Mitochondrial biogenesis increased in T2D- compared to CON post-glucose load and fasting (mRNA HspA9, P=0.032). T2D- compared to CON, exhibited increased oxidative stress post-fasting, but not post-glucose load, with increased mRNA expression in antioxidant defences (mRNA forkhead-box-O4, P=0.036, and glutathione-peroxidase-2, P=0.034), and compared to T2D+ (glutathione-peroxidase-2, P=0.04).

Conclusions: These findings suggest increased susceptibility to glucose-induced oxidative stress in individuals with diabetic complications after prolonged fasting and might help in diet interventions for diabetes management.
Survey and Present Status of Soybean Diseases in Central India
Authors: Amrate Pawan K.
Published: June 2024

The experiment was conducted during kharif  (July to September), 2018 and 2019 at J.N.K.V.V., Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India to study the current status of soybean diseases in central Indian conditions. A fixed plot survey of nine soybean varieties was carried out at three different growth stages i.e. seedling stage (V2-V3), early reproductive stage (R2-R4) and late reproductive stage (R5-R7). The study found that soybean varieties were infected with fourteen diseases in the current cultivation scenario. Collar rot (0.0–4.88%), root rot (0.63–4.13%) and soybean mosaic (0.0–8.38%) was initially noticed at the seedling stage in the second and third week of July. At early reproductive stages, yellow mosaic (0.0–35.0%), bacterial pustule (0.0–8.0%), and anthracnose (0.00–35.13%) were dominating diseases in the third week of July (yellow mosaic) to the first week of August (bacterial pustule). At late reproductive stage (first week of August to the third week of September), the average range of incidence of aerial blight (1.25–30.63%), frog eye leaf spot (0.75–21.13%), charcoal rot (0.0–65.13%), Pod blight (0.0–10.63%), myrothesium leaf spot (0.0–2.88%), target leaf spot (0.0–6.13%) and alternaria leaf spot (0.0–5.0%) were varied from low to high. At maturity, the soybean seeds were infected with purple seed stain (0.38–7.0%). Through incidence and varietal influence patterns, charcoal rot, yellow mosaic, Anthracnose/pod blight, aerial blight, and frog eye leaf spot could be considered significant concerns for soybean cultivation in this region.
Prebiotic-driven Gut Microbiota Dynamics: Enhancing Canine Health via Pet Food Formulation
Authors: Kumar Rishav , Sharma Ankit
Published: June 2024

Expanding our understanding of canine nutrition is paramount for ensuring the well-being of our beloved companions. In recent years, there has been a paradigm shift towards recognizing the intricate interplay between diet and health outcomes in dogs. This shift has led to a surge of interest in exploring novel dietary interventions, with a focus on ingredients that can positively modulate the gut microbiota and enhance immune function. Prebiotics, defined as non-digestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacteria in the colon, have emerged as key players in this domain. These substances, often found in fiber-rich foods such as fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, serve as fuel for beneficial gut bacteria, promoting their proliferation and diversity. By fostering a healthy gut microbiota, prebiotics contribute to improved nutrient absorption, reduced inflammation, and enhanced immune response in dogs. To fully realize the potential of prebiotics and symbiotics in canine nutrition, collaboration between veterinarians, animal nutritionists, and researchers is essential. By pooling expertise from diverse fields, we can design robust studies to investigate the efficacy of these interventions across different dog breeds, ages, and health conditions. Additionally, ongoing monitoring and surveillance are necessary to ensure the safety and efficacy of prebiotic and symbiotic products in the market. Through interdisciplinary efforts, we can harness the transformative power of advanced nutrition to enhance the lives of dogs and strengthen the human-animal bond for generations to come.
Persamaan Gompertz Termodifikasi Untuk Menentukan Pertumbuhan Bakteri Metanogen Pada Produksi Biogas
Authors: Werena R D , Wahyuningtyas D , Wahyuningtyas D , Halim L , Syabrina M
Published: June 2024

Pertumbuhan mikroorganisme didefinisikan sebagai fase kecepatan pertumbuhan tertentu, yang dimulai pada titik nol dan meningkat sampai nilai maksimum (μm) dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Pada fase akhir, kecepatan pertumbuhan menurun dan akhirnya berhenti, sehingga nilai asymptote (A) dapat dihitung. Untuk memprediksi pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dalam biodigester, diperlukan model matematis yang sesuai dengan pola pertumbuhan bakteri, dalam hal ini metode persamaan Gompertz. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis pertumbuhan mikroorganisme adalah persamaan Gompertz termodifikasi. Konstanta matematis µm,
Pengaruh Parkir On Street Terhadap Derajat Kejenuhan Jalan Pahlawan Kemarung Kota Baturaja
Authors: Andriati Lika , Despa Dikpride , Purba Aleksander
Published: June 2024

Parkir on Street pada badan jalan akan menimbulkan banyak permasalahan, salah satunya adalah kemacetan dan tundaan. Kemacetan dapat terjadi karena menurunnya kapasitas jalan yang ada. Kegiatan parkir di pinggir jalan (on street) sangat berpengaruh pada kinerja jalan saat ada peningkatan volume kendaraan yang begitu tinggi akan terhambat oleh aktivitas kendaraan yang keluar masuk pakir di pinggir jalan sehingga menyebabkan berkurangnya kapasitas jalan pada ruas jalan tersebut. Penurunan kapasitas jalan dapat disebabkan oleh berkurangnya lajur efektif pada jalan, karena sebagian lajur digunakan untuk parkir on street. Jalan Pahlawan Kemarung merupakan salah satu jalan di Kota Baturaja yang mendapat izin parkir on street oleh stakeholder terkait, yang lokasinya berada tepat di pusat Kota Baturaja. Dalam kondisi yang paling ramai, 2 lajur jalan ini akan digunakan untuk parkir oleh pengujung toko di sepanajang jalan ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh parkir on street terhadap kinerja ruas Jalan Pahlawan Kemarung di Kota Baturaja. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menggunakan perhitungan derajat kejenuhan dari Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) dengan berbagai skenario parkir. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pada kondisi paling ramai, terjadi penurunan kapasitas jalan sebesar 50,6% dan derajat kejenuhan sebesar 46,5% pada kondisi dimana terdapat 2 lajur yang digunakan untuk parkir on street di Jalan Pahlawan Kemarung KH. Ramli Kota Baturaja.
Exploring Workforce Dynamics: An In-Depth Analysis of Employee Turnover and Retention in the Saudi Arabian Café Sector
Authors: Alamoudi Lujain Hussein
Published: June 2024

Employee turnover is a vital management concern in the hospitality industry. The present study seeks to enrich theoretical and empirical literature by finding employee factors associated with employee turnover and retention in the context of the coffee shop industry. High staff turnover may impose challenges, including hiring and training new staff and losing organisational expertise and cohesiveness. Yet, managers must cater to the policies and procedures they might apply to attract and retain staff. Unfortunately, research on turnover intentions and retention in the hospitality industry, especially coffee shops, is scarce. By investigating the issue qualitatively, our study hopes to bridge this gap. A qualitative semi-structured interviews were used for data collection and analysis. Employees from coffee shops in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia, were recruited and interviewed using five questions from the literature. These interviews were transcribed and analysed thematically, and themes drawn serve as the basis for findings on opinions set by employees in coffee shops on the matter of remaining or leaving their current job. 13 participants employed in coffee shops participated in the study, a thematic analysis of these interviews was conducted, and 12 themes were drawn and discussed. Insight into what makes these employees leave or remain is majorly linked in their opinion to pay and incentives, flexible working hours, employee voice and input, work environment, and interest in coffee being the driving force and key motivator. Therefore, management can pay attention to maintaining a positive working environment, incentivise their employees, allow employee involvement in shaping how the business works, and emphasise their passion for coffee.
Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus in Two Virally Suppressed HIV-Positive Patients: Early Initiation of Therapy Improves Visual Outcome
Authors: Anyaso Onyinyechi , Ikpe George , Udeaja Anthonia , Otuka Olufunmi , Popoola Israel
Published: June 2024

Herpes Zoster is a viral infection, which occurs with reactivation of the Varicella Zoster Virus that has lain dormant in the dorsal or cranial root ganglia. It is often a painful rash, but may also occur as pain along a dermatome, but without a rash. The involvement of the ophthalmic branch of the Trigeminal nerve gives rise to Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus, with its potential risk of visual loss. Here we present a case of Herpes Zoster Opthalmicus in two virally suppressed HIV positive men, each having a different outcome as a result of the intervention of the intensive clinical mentorship by the National AIDS, Hepatitis and Sexually Transmitted Infections Program, NASCP, which culminated in the adoption of best practices and improved clinical outcome and prevention of a catastrophic eye event.
PENGARUH CURRENT RATIO, DEBT TO EQUITY RATIO, INVENTORY TURNOVER RATIO, RETURN ON EQUITY TERHADAP PRICE EARNING RATIO
Authors: Kurniawan Agus , Habibi Ahmad , Arifin Barmawi
Published: June 2024

Investasi merupakan suatu kegiatan menanamkan modal pada suatu perusahaan yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Bagi investor yang ingin berinvestasi saham memerlukan analisis fundamental dalam menilai saham suatu perusahaan. Salah satu analisis fundamental yang paling sering digunakan oleh para investor dalam menilai suatu saham adalah dengan pendekatan Price Earning Ratio (PER). Nilai Price Earning Ratio pada perusahaan Property dan Real Estate mengalami fluktuatif dari tahun 2013-2017. Oleh karena itu sangat penting dilakukan untuk mengetahui variabel-variabel yang memperngaruhi terhadap Price Earning Ratio. Pada penelitian ini penulis menggunakan variabel Current Ratio, Debt To Equity Ratio, Inventory Turnover Ratio, Return On Equity yang diduga dapat memperngaruhi Price Earning Ratio.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Current Ratio, Debt to Equity Ratio, Inventory Turnover Ratio, Return On Equity terhadap Price Earning Ratio studi pada Perusahaan Property dan Real Estate di Bursa Efek Indonesia Periode 2013-2017.Model penelitian yang digunakan adalah model regresi data panel. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari setiap perusahaan Properti dan Real Estate yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia selama 5 tahun, yaitu dari tahun 2013 sampai 2017. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah 105 perusahaan.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel Current Ratio secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Price Earning Ratio, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari tingkat signifikansi yang digunakan yaitu 0,05 (0,04 < 0,05). Variabel Debt to Equity Rasio secara parsial tidak berpengaruh terhadap Price Earning Ratio, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih besar dari nilai signifikansi yang digunakan yaitu 0,05 (0,18 > 0,05). Variabel Inventory Turnover Ratio secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Price Earning Ratio, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari nilai signifikansi yang digunakan yaitu 0,05 (0,03 < 0,05). Variabel Return On Equity secara parsial berpengaruh terhadap Price Earning Ratio, hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai signifikansi lebih kecil dari nilai signifikansi yang digunakan yaitu 0,05 (0,00 < 0,05).
THE EFFECT OF MACRO VARIABLES ON SHARIA STOCK RETURNS
Authors: Surono Surono , Hamdi Hamdi , Kumar Prodib
Published: June 2024

This study aims to analyze whether there is an effect of inflation and exchange rates on Islamic stock returns in the property and real estate sectors listed on ISSI (Indonesian Sharia Shares Index) for the period 2012-2018). The population of this study is all sharia shares in the property and real estate sector registered at ISSI for the period 2012-2018. The type of data used is secondary data obtained through published annual reports which were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of the E-Views Program. The results of this study are: inflation and exchange rates partially have no effect on the return of sharia shares in the property and real estate sectors listed on ISSI (Indonesian Sharia Stock Index) for the period 2012-2018. Then inflation and exchange rates simultaneously show that there is no effect on the return of sharia shares in the property and real estate sectors listed on the ISSI (Indonesian Sharia Stock Index) for the period 2012-2018. finally Exchange rate inflation and stock returns in the perspective of Islamic economics will have a good impact when utilizing a certain item to fulfill every need according to the need or portion and not following their desires. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that inflation and exchange rates cannot be taken into account in determining stock investment decisions in the Islamic perspective for the period 2012-2018. The Islamic economic perspective views that in terms of both investment and macroeconomics, when carried out with Sharia economic principles, it can benefit anyone and society will prosper.
ANALISIS KOMPARASI HARGA SAHAM PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI JAKARTA ISLAMIC INDEX 70 SEBELUM DAN PADA SAAT PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Thoyib Alhadi Kurnia
Published: June 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perbedaan harga saham sebelum dan pada saat pandemi covid-19 pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII70). Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder, yaitu data yang berasal dari laporan keuangan perusahaan. Populasi dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 70 perusahaan yang terdaftar di Jakarta Islamic Index 70 (JII70) selama periode sebelum pandemi Juli 2019 – Maret 2020 dan periode saat pandemi April 2020 –Desember 2020 dengan perolehan sampel sebanyak 8 perusahaan. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah uji beda rata-rata dengan menggunakan SPSS versi 25.0 for Windows. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan harga saham sebelum dan pada saat pandemi covid-19. Penyebab tidak adanya perbedaan harga saham ini dikarenakan saham yang ada di JII70 adalah saham syariah. Saham syariah memiliki kinerja yang lebih defensif dengan rasio utang yang relatif lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan total asetnya. Perusahaan dengan tingkat utang yang rendah cenderung akan lebih bertahan dalam kondisi kritis.
ANALISIS COMMON SIZE PADA BANK SYARIAH INDONESIA PASCA MERGER
Authors: Rifai Anwar , Faizah Iva , Mariyanti Lisa , Lestari Selvia Indah
Published: June 2024

Artikel ini disusun bertujuan untuk menganalisis laporan neraca dan laba rugi dari Bank Syariah Indonesia (BSI) pasca merger dengan menggunakan metode analisis common size untuk melihat adakah peningkatan yang signifikan dari kinerja keuangan BSI pasca merger. Metode penelitian dengan pendekatan kuantitatif ini menggunakan data triwulanan untuk tahun penelitian 2021 dan 2022 sehingga menghasilkan 14 data yang kemudian akan dianalisis. Hasil olah data dengan metode common size menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2021 kinerja keuangan BSI berfluktuasi terutama karena ada kenaikan dan penurunan pada sisi kas, piutang, dan pendapatan bagi hasil maupun murabahah. Tahun 2022 kinerja keuangan BSI cukup stabil dengan porsi yang seimbang pada pendapatan murabahah dan pendapatan bagi hasilnya meskipun pada sisi kas dan piutang tetap bersifat fluktuatif.
Analisis Tanggung Jawab Perbankan Syariah Dalam Meningkatkan UMKM Di Kota Medan
Authors: Putri Eka Khayana , Rokan Mustapa Khamal , Syahbudi Muhammad
Published: June 2024

This study aims to identify and examine the responsibilities, as well as the difficulties encountered and the efforts made by PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, Tbk KC Medan S.Parman to increase MSMEs in Medan City. Qualitative research methods are used in this study. Both primary and secondary data sources. The results of the study show that PT Bank Syariah Indonesia, Tbk KC Medan S.Parman is very responsible and contributes actively to the National Economic Recovery (PEN). Has provided financing of up to IDR 36 billion to more than 180 customers in Medan City for various MSME sectors from 2021 to 2022. Access to capital and financing. The obstacles encountered are the lack of innovation, and the lack of business licenses. Efforts are being made to develop MSME centers in Aceh, Yogyakarta and Surabaya, Indonesia, offering the KUR Cluster Program and a number of KUR products, including KUR BSI, KUR BSI Small, KUR BSI Micro, and KUR BSI Super Micro, to help MSMEs get access to capital and financing. In order to advance MSMEs in Indonesia.
Analyzing Determinants of Mobile Banking Adoption in the Context of Indonesian Sharia Banks: A UTAUT 3 Framework
Authors: Indana Rifaatul , Atika Rindi
Published: June 2024

Mobile Banking become one of the main components in digital strategy. Bank Syariah Indonesia also provides BSI services Mobile. BSI usersMobile continues to increase but not yet comparable to the total number of BSI customers. This study aims to determine the factors that influence behavioral intention in using Mobile Banking BSI. In this study applying quantitative methods and using the theory of UTAUT-3. This study took a sample of Islamic banking students in Yogyakarta. The research was analyzed using the SEM approach (Structural Equation Model) PLS based (Partial Least Square). The statistical test results show that the Facilitating Conditions (Facilitating Conditions) and Price Value (Price Value) influencing intention in usage behavior Mobile Banking BSI to Islamic Banking students in Yogyakarta. Keywords:UTAUT 3, Mobile Banking, Behavioral Intentions
Analisysis Of The Influence Of Company Size, Liquidity Ratio, and Operating Expense Ratio On Probability Levels Of Islamic Insurance Companies In Indonesia For The 2017 – 2021 Periode
Authors: Devi Yulistia , Ulfah Ghina
Published: June 2024

This research aims to determine the influence of company size, liquidity ratio, and operating expense ratio partially and simultaneously on the profitability of Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia for the 2017-2021 period and discuss the profitability of Islamic insurance companies from an Islamic economic perspective. The data analysis consists of descriptive statistical analysis and panel data regression techniques with Eviews 12 sv software. Using a purposive sampling technique, the research sample consisted of 20 Islamic insurance companies in Indonesia from 2017-2021. The research results showed that only company size influences profitability (ROE). The influence showed a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, the liquidity and operating expense ratios do not affect profitability (ROE). Meanwhile, these three variables simultaneously influenced Islamic insurance companies' profitability (ROE) in Indonesia in 2017-2021. Then, the profitability of Islamic insurance companies from an Islamic economic perspective not only considers ways to gain profits but also aspects of the blessings and pleasure of Allah SWT so that it is not only worldly profits but falah or prosperity in the world and the hereafter.
Clarification of the geological structure of hydrocarbon deposits when creating a digital geological 3D model
Authors: Kalyagin Sergey Mikhailovich , Kalinin Ivan Konstantinovich , Kalinina Elena Alekseevna
Published: June 2024

The article demonstrates the use of an integrated approach in modeling the geological structure of hydrocarbon deposits of the NK oil field in the Volgograd region and the use of geological models to optimize operational decision-making, take into account geological risks and provide specialists with up-to-date geological information. The main objects of the study were the Evlanovsko-Livensky, Voronezh, Petinsky and Semiluksky oil horizons of the NK field. ROXAR's IRAP RMS software package was used to create a digital geological 3D model of the productive layers of the NK oil field. After creating a detailed three-dimensional geological grid, it was sequentially filled with various types of rocks, taking into account the conditions of their formation and their petrophysical characteristics. The creation of a digital geological 3D model of the productive horizon included the following stages: loading of initial data, structural modeling (construction of the framework of a three-dimensional grid model), construction of a three-dimensional geological grid, processing of borehole data for averaging, construction of lithological and petrophysical models. Drilling data, tests, and the results of processing GIS materials for the newly drilled production well No. 2-NK showed the complex structure of the NK deposit, which affected the size and volume of deposits of productive formations. As a result of the analysis of accumulated geological and commercial material (previously conducted seismic data, results of drilling and testing of wells, interpretation of field and geophysical studies), the geological structure and operational characteristics of productive horizons have been clarified. Based on new geological and field data, the initial geological and recoverable reserves of hydrocarbons have been calculated. As a result, the initial geological reserves of oil at the place of birth of NK in category C1 decreased by 0.2%, and in category C2 decreased by 98%. In accordance with the new value of geological reserves, the operational characteristics have been clarified and the production capabilities of the developed deposits have been evaluated.