bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Low-level blast exposure induces chronic vascular remodeling, perivascular astrocytic degeneration and vascular-associated neuroinflammation
Authors: Gama Sosa Miguel A. , De Gasperi Rita , Pryor Dylan , Perez Garcia Georgina S. , Perez Gissel M. , Abutarboush Rania , Kawoos Usmah , Hogg Seth , Ache Benjamin , Janssen William G. , Sowa Allison , Tetreault Timothy , Cook David G. , Tappan Susan J. , Gandy Sam , Hof Patrick R. , Ahlers Stephen T. , Elder Gregory A.
Published: October 2021

Cerebral vascular injury as a consequence of blast-induced traumatic brain injury is primarily the result of blast wave-induced mechanical disruptions within the neurovascular unit. In rodent models of blast-induced traumatic brain injury, chronic vascular degenerative processes are associated with the development of an age-dependent post-traumatic stress disorder-like phenotype. To investigate the evolution of blast-induced chronic vascular degenerative changes, Long-Evans rats were blast-exposed (3 × 74.5 kPa) and their brains analyzed at different times post-exposure by X-ray microcomputed tomography, immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. On microcomputed tomography scans, regional cerebral vascular attenuation or occlusion was observed as early as 48 h post-blast, and cerebral vascular disorganization was visible at 6 weeks and more accentuated at 13 months post-blast. Progression of the late-onset pathology was characterized by detachment of the endothelial and smooth muscle cellular elements from the neuropil due to degeneration and loss of arteriolar perivascular astrocytes. Development of this pathology was associated with vascular remodeling and neuroinflammation as increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9), collagen type IV loss, and microglial activation were observed in the affected vasculature. Blast-induced chronic alterations within the neurovascular unit should affect cerebral blood circulation, glymphatic flow and intramural periarterial drainage, all of which may contribute to development of the blast-induced behavioral phenotype. Our results also identify astrocytic degeneration as a potential target for the development of therapies to treat blast-induced brain injury.
Variations of chlorophyll-a and particulate organic carbon in the Yellow-Bohai Sea: in response to the Typhoon Lekima event
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Wang Xiujun , You Zai-Jin
Published: October 2021

Typhoon events have large impacts on marginal seas’ environmental conditions with implications for biological processes and carbon cycling. However, little is known about the responses of phytoplankton and particulate organic carbon (POC) to typhoon events in the Yellow-Bohai Sea (YBS). In this study, we utilized satellite-derived datasets of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) and POC, together with key physical parameters, to analyze their responses to the Typhoon Lekima event induced heavy rainfall and strong winds. Overall, there were enhanced upwelling, strengthened currents, and increased terrestrial runoff during weakened Typhoon Lekima in the YBS. The basin-scale response of Chl-a showed large differences post the Typhoon Lekima event, with a decrease in the Bohai Sea (BS, 0.34 ± 3.0 mg m−3) but an increase in Yellow Sea (YS, 0.23 ± 1.7 mg m−3 in the south YS and 0.54 ± 0.8 mg m−3 in the north YS). The increase of Chl-a in the YS was attributed to increased nutrients, whereas the reduction of Chl-a in the BS was caused by dilution and water exchange with the North Yellow Sea. However, there was an overall increase in POC post-Typhoon Lekima in both BS and YS. The increase of POC in the majority of BS resulted largely from enhanced sediment resuspension and terrigenous input. The increase of POC in the nearshore waters of YS was attributable to enhanced biological production, sediment resuspension, and terrigenous input of POC, whereas the increase of POC in the central YS was partly due to transportation of high-POC waters from nearshore to offshore via strengthened current. Our study highlights the complex impacts of typhoon events on the carbon cycle in marginal seas.
The occurrence of mobulid rays at St Helena Island, Cardno seamount and Bonaparte seamount in the South Atlantic and its significance for conservation
Authors: Beard Annalea , Henry Leeann , Cherrett Samantha , Dove Alistair D.M.
Published: October 2021

Data from 369 sightings of mobulid rays from St Helena Island, Cardno and Bonaparte seamounts in the South Atlantic are summarised. 50 % (183) of sightings were observed from a boat, 48 % (176) of sightings were encountered in water, of which 95 % (168) were whilst actively scuba diving. 2 % (10) of mobulid ray sightings were observed from land. Sightings data indicate that the Chilean devil ray Mobula tarapacana(Philippi, 1892) is a frequent visitor to St Helena and is present all year. We document the first photographic evidence of the presence of oceanic manta,Mobula birostris(Walbaum, 1792) at St Helena. Two solitary individuals were photographed off the north coast of St Helena in June 2018. These sightings confirm previous unverified reports on the species occurrence and extend the known distribution range ofM. birostrisin the open South Atlantic Ocean to 16°S.
Nonuniform biorthogonal wavelets on positive half line via Walsh Fourier transform
Authors: Ahmad Owais , Sheikh Neyaz A. , Ahmad Mobin
Published: October 2021

In this article, we introduce the notion of nonuniform biorthogonal wavelets on positive half line. We first establish the characterizations for the translates of a single function to form the Riesz bases for their closed linear span. We provide the complete characterization for the biorthogonality of the translates of scaling functions of two nonuniform multiresolution analysis and the associated biorthogonal wavelet families in $$L^2({\mathbb {R}}^+)$$

L
2

(

R

+

)

. Furthermore, under the mild assumptions on the scaling functions and the corresponding wavelets associated with nonuniform multiresolution analysis, we show that the wavelets can generate Reisz bases.
A novel stability-indicating method for known and unknown impurities profiling for diltiazem hydrochloride pharmaceutical dosage form (tablets)
Authors: Mahajan Nitin , Deshmukh Suparna , Farooqui Mazahar
Published: October 2021

Background

A novel gradient, high-sensitive and specific stability-indicating reverse-phase HPLC method was developed and validated for quantitative purpose of known, unknown and degradant impurities profiling for diltiazem hydrochloride tablets. The impurities were separated on the Zorbax RX C8 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) with mobile phase-A consisting of a mixture of 0.05 M sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate buffer pH 3.0 and methanol in the ratio 800:200v/v and mobile phase-B consisting of acetonitrile with a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The column compartment was maintained at 35 °C, and the detection wavelength was 240 nm. Diltiazem hydrochloride, its known impurities and unknown impurities have been well resolved from each other.

Results

The linearity of the method has been demonstrated across the concentration range of 0.18 to 5.65 µg mL−1 for EP impurity-F with correlation coefficient R2 greater than 0.99. Recovery of method was proved from LOQ to 150% for known and unknown impurities with respect to test concentration and found in between 80 and 120%. Forced degradation study and specificity experiment results with mass balance proved the stability-indicating nature of the method and separated all known, unknown impurities and degradants from each other as well as from main drug component (diltiazem hydrochloride). The mass balance for stress study was found in between 95 and 105%.

Conclusion

Newly developed analytical method was validated as per ICH Q2 (R1) guidelines “Validation of analytical procedure” and found linear, accurate, specific, robust and precise in the established working range.
Phase III Trial Adding Vincristine-Topotecan-Cyclophosphamide to the Initial Treatment of Patients With Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma: A Children's Oncology Group Report
Authors: Leavey Patrick J. , Laack Nadia N. , Krailo Mark D. , Buxton Allen , Randall R. Lor , DuBois Steven G. , Reed Damon R. , Grier Holcombe E. , Hawkins Douglas S. , Pawel Bruce , Nadel Helen , Womer Richard B. , Letson G. Douglas , Bernstein Mark , Brown Kenneth , Maciej Alexis , Chuba Paul , Ahmed Atif A. , Indelicato Daniel J. , Wang Dian , Marina Neyssa , Gorlick Richard , Janeway Katherine A. , Mascarenhas Leo
Published: October 2021

PURPOSE

The primary aim of this phase III randomized trial was to test whether the addition of vincristine, topotecan, and cyclophosphamide (VTC) to interval compressed chemotherapy improved survival outcomes for patients with previously untreated nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma.

METHODS

Patients were randomly assigned to receive standard five-drug interval compressed chemotherapy (regimen A) for 17 cycles or experimental therapy with five cycles of VTC within the 17 cycles (regimen B). Patients were stratified by age at diagnosis (< 18 years and ≥18 years) and tumor site (pelvic bone, nonpelvic bone, and extraosseous). Tumor volume at diagnosis was categorized as < 200 mL or ≥ 200 mL. Local control occurred following six cycles. Histologic response was categorized as no viable or any viable tumor. Event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between randomized groups with stratified log-rank tests.

RESULTS

Of 642 enrolled patients, 309 eligible patients received standard and 320 received experimental therapy. The 5-year EFS and OS were 78% and 87%, respectively. There was no difference in survival outcomes between randomized groups (5-year EFS regimen A v regimen B, 78% v 79%; P = .192; 5-year OS 86% v 88%; P = .159). Age and primary site did not affect the risk of an EFS event. However, age ≥ 18 years was associated with an increased risk of death at 5 years (hazard ratio 1.84; 95% CI, 1.15 to 2.96; P = .009). The 5-year EFS rates for patients with pelvic, nonpelvic bone, and extraosseous primary tumors were 75%, 78%, and 85%, respectively. Tumor volume ≥ 200 mL was significantly associated with lower EFS.

CONCLUSION

While VTC added to five-drug interval compressed chemotherapy did not improve survival, these outcomes represent the best survival estimates to date for patients with previously untreated nonmetastatic Ewing sarcoma.
Cell-cell communication through FGF4 generates and maintains robust proportions of differentiated cell types in embryonic stem cells
Authors: Raina Dhruv , Bahadori Azra , Stanoev Angel , Protzek Michelle , Koseska Aneta , Schröter Christian
Published: October 2021

During embryonic development and tissue homeostasis, reproducible proportions of differentiated cell types are specified from populations of multipotent precursor cells. Molecular mechanisms that enable both robust cell-type proportioning despite variable initial conditions in the precursor cells, and the re-establishment of these proportions upon perturbations in a developing tissue remain to be characterized. Here, we report that the differentiation of robust proportions of epiblast-like and primitive endoderm-like cells in mouse embryonic stem cell cultures emerges at the population level through cell-cell communication via a short-range fibroblast growth factor 4 (FGF4) signal. We characterize the molecular and dynamical properties of the communication mechanism and show how it controls both robust cell-type proportioning from a wide range of experimentally controlled initial conditions, as well as the autonomous re-establishment of these proportions following the isolation of one cell type. The generation and maintenance of reproducible proportions of discrete cell types is a new function for FGF signaling that might operate in a range of developing tissues.
Structural organization of the C1b projection within the ciliary central apparatus
Authors: Cai Kai , Zhao Yanhe , Zhao Lei , Phan Nhan , Hou Yuqing , Cheng Xi , Witman George B. , Nicastro Daniela
Published: October 2021

Motile cilia have a ‘9+2’ structure containing nine doublet microtubules and a central apparatus (CA) composed of two singlet microtubules with associated projections. The CA plays crucial roles in regulating ciliary motility. Defects in CA assembly or function usually result in motility-impaired or paralyzed cilia, which in humans causes disease. Despite their importance, the protein composition and functions of most CA projections remain largely unknown. Here, we combined genetic, proteomic and cryo-electron tomographic approaches to compare the CA of wild-type Chlamydomonas reinhardtii with those of three CA mutants. Our results show that two proteins, FAP42 and FAP246, are localized to the L-shaped C1b projection of the CA, where they interact with the candidate CA protein FAP413. FAP42 is a large protein that forms the peripheral ‘beam’ of the C1b projection, and the FAP246–FAP413 subcomplex serves as the ‘bracket’ between the beam (FAP42) and the C1b ‘pillar’ that attaches the projection to the C1 microtubule. The FAP246–FAP413–FAP42 complex is essential for stable assembly of the C1b, C1f and C2b projections, and loss of these proteins leads to ciliary motility defects.
O discurso como determinante da efetividade da participação social
Authors: Lemos Marco Aurelio Cirilo , Vieira Diego Mota
Published: October 2021

A pesquisa sobre as instituições participativas consolida o desenho institucional e o contexto como determinantes para os resultados dos processos participativos na esfera política, porém pouco aprofunda a abordagem Neoinstitucionalista Discursiva. Esta discussão teórica busca agregar a perspectiva da ação dos agentes, por meio do discurso, às tradicionais abordagens racionalista e sociológica como mais uma determinante na busca da efetividade das instituições participativas. A pesquisa é realizada com base na literatura nacional e internacional de autores reconhecidos no tema da participação social. Por fim aprofunda-se o método da Análise de Discurso Crítica como possível ferramenta para aplicação da abordagem Neoinstitucionalista Discursiva. Estruturou-se uma série de categorias e subcategorias que possibilitam uma analise das determinantes do contexto, desenho institucional e o discurso para o alcance de quatro perspectivas de efetividade das instituições participativas. Por fim, alguns possíveis campos de pesquisa relacionando determinantes e efetividades são apresentados. Com os resultados apresentados, espera-se possibilitar uma agenda de pesquisa promissora ao considerar a ação dos agentes por meio do discurso no escopo das instituições participativas.
Cidadania punitiva desde baixo
Authors: Nogueira Martins Alexandre
Published: October 2021

Este artigo tem por objetivo analisar as imbricações entre democracia, neoliberalismo e política criminal no Brasil. Partindo de um enfoque desde baixo, busca-se apresentar os modos como o processo de democratização brasileira e as mobilizações por cidadania no Brasil contemporâneo forjaram-se em hibridizações entre distintas racionalidades políticas: neoliberal, social-democrata e criminalizante. Tomando como objeto as lutas pela criminalização da LGBTfobia no Brasil, analisa-se o discurso pró-criminalização a fim de delinear os elementos constitutivos de uma cidadania punitiva no Brasil. Nesse modelo de cidadania, normaliza-se o sistema penal como fundamental à democracia e a punição passa a ocupar um lugar central tanto nas políticas públicas quanto nas demandas por cidadania, eclipsando outros horizontes de democracia.
Seroprevalence and characterisation of herpes simplex virus from human immunodeficiency virus in samples collected from two provinces in South Africa: a retrospective study
Authors: Obisesan Oluwafemi Samuel , Sithebe Nomathamsanqa Patricia , Mufhandu Hazel Tumelo
Published: October 2021

Background: Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a widely distributed human pathogen that is known for its ulcerative lesions at the infection site. HSV can cause persistent infection in the host that is often followed by a period of latency within the neurons. Considering the high rate of HIV infection in South Africa, it is important to assess the seroprevalence of HSV with a focus to determine the epidemiological association between HSV-DNA and HIV-1 in the population.

Methods: A total of 44 sera samples were screened for HSV and HIV-1 using the highly sensitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The ELISA positive samples were characterized using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to confirm the positivity of both viruses and to further differentiate HSV into HSV-1 and -2. Thereafter, the samples were analysed for relatedness using phylogenetic analysis.

Results: Of the 44 samples, 36 (81.8%) were positive for HIV-1, while 35 (79.5%) were positive for HSV when screened with ELISA kits. The PCR results, with the use of type specific primers, showed that 4/35 (11.4%) samples were specific for HSV-1 while 30/35 (85.7%) were specific for HSV-2. Statistical analysis performed using the chi-squared goodness-of-fit test showed that there is a significant relationship between HSV-2 and HIV-1 transmission.

Conclusions:There is a significant relationship between HSV-2 and HIV-1 in the study population. Our study shows that some of the HSV-2 isolates are not related to the clinical isolate SD90e from South Africa, suggesting diversity in HSV-2 viral transmission.
Knowledge, attitude, and behaviours on diet, physical activity, and tobacco use among school students: A cross-sectional study in two Indian states
Authors: Bassi Shalini , Bahl Deepika , Harrell Melissa Blythe , Jain Neha , Kandasamy Arun , Salunke Subhash R. , Shah Vinod Gajanan , Raghunathan Prema , Markandan Selvarajan , Murthy Pratima , Arora Monika
Published: October 2021

Background:Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are escalating in India and can be attributed to behavioural risk factors such as unhealthy diet, physical inactivity and tobacco use that began in early years. Understanding adolescents’ knowledge, attitudes and behaviours (KAB) related to NCD risk factors would inform the development of school-based health programmes to prevent NCDs.

Methods:Sixth-grade students (n=1026) in 20 schools (10 private, 10 public) from two Indian cities (n=667 from Pune; n=359 from Bengaluru) participated in a KAB survey in 2019. Differences in KAB by gender, school type within cities were investigated.

Results:Knowledge about the harms of tobacco use was higher than knowledge about a healthy diet and importance of physical activity. Only a small proportion of students did not eat breakfast (8.7%) or fruits (11.3%) daily. Only 33.4% of students read nutrition labels before choosing their food. Moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of less than an hour per day was reported by 42.5% of students. Approximately one-third of students had ever tried smoking tobacco (30.1%), smokeless tobacco (30.5%), and e-cigarettes (32.4%). Differences in these behaviours by gender and school type showed that both boys, girls and students of private and public schools are vulnerable.

Conclusions:The study findings highlight that knowledge is low for thematic areas like diet and physical activity. While knowledge of tobacco related harms is better but the prevalence of ever tobacco use was found to be high. Socio-demographic factors such as school type and gender had a varying effect on various KAB indicators. There is a need to strengthen health education activities by developing context-specific health intervention materials by engaging school children, their parents, teachers, and communities to promote healthy behaviours among adolescents. Need to augment school health programmes in India with a differential approach based on the issues, specific to school type and city.
Study of Antibodies to Cytolethal Distending Toxin B (CdtB) and Antibodies to Vinculin in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Zaki Maysaa El Sayed , Elhammady Dina , Foda Salama Mona , Abdelsalam Mostafa , Osman Asmaa Osama Bakr
Published: October 2021

Background:Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disorder, categorized into various subtypes. Post-infection IBS may be attributed to the release of cytolethal distending toxin B (CdtB), which cross-reacts with the adhesion protein vinculin responsible for normal intestinal contractility.

Objective:This study aims to identify anti-CdtB and anti-vinculin levels in IBS patients compared to healthy control.

Subjects and methods:This retrospective case-control study was conducted on 100 subjects with IBS, as determined by a questionnaire based on Rome III criteria, recruited from the outpatient clinics of the Tropical Medicine at Mansoura University Hospital from January 2019 to January 2020.

Results: The optical density (OD) results of the anti-vinculin and anti-CdtB levels were significantly elevated in patients with IBS (1.58±0.496 OD, 2.47±0.60 OD)  when compared to control subjects (1.13±0.249 OD, 2.1±0.24 OD), respectively with P=0.001 for both.  Anti-vinculin level was significantly higher in the IBS-D subtype than the other subtypes (P=0.001) while, Anti-CdtB was significantly elevated in IBS-C, IBS-D subgroups compared to control subjects (P=0.001).

Conclusion:Findings of the present study support the hypothesis that IBS results from post-infectious disorders initiated by bacterial enteritis. A hypothesis could be applied to all IBS subgroups. On the other hand. These biomarkers might reflect the post-infectious state's severity.
Thermal comfort optimization through bioclimatic design in Mediterranean cities
Authors: Hany Nermine , Alaa Hala
Published: October 2021

Background: Bioclimatic design is an approach based on local climate which improves thermal qualities and indoor comfort. Buildings follow this process to minimize negative effects on the environment. However, this approach is still not suitable in developed countries. This study aims to investigate Mediterranean local bioclimatic strategies’ impact on thermal comfort efficiency in housing, by examining architectural elements and treatments.

Methods: We adopted a descriptive, analytical, and comparative methodology, complemented with a software simulation, within a qualitative and quantitative approach. Investigation and methodological tools were based on technical information including plans, elevations, photos, and documentation. The approach consisted of multiple stages: a literature review interpreting the concept of bioclimatic design, as well as thermal comfort variables and common Mediterranean building features. Moreover, the paper showcases three examples of successful Mediterranean passive houses. Furthermore, the paper presents a case- studyhouse in Alex West, Alexandria, designed in the Mediterranean Revival style.

Results: The results showed that the most influencing building features on thermal comfort were the low-pitched roofs and the top chimney, which achieved 12.6% and 5% improvement in the summer and 13% and 6.8% in winter, respectively. The pergola and porch elements barely had an effect when placed on the northern façade. However, on the southern façade, a positive contribution in the summer by 1.4% and 3.4% respectively were reported, but a slight negative impact in winter by 0.5% and 2% respectively.

Conclusions:  We examined the impact of common Mediterranean building features , and compared thermal comfort results between case-study houses. Features focusing on passive design for cooling rather than heating, allowing wind flow for maximized natural ventilation, using ventilated pitched roof spaces, using sun shading elements in the proper facades and angles, help passive thermal regulation. The study proposes recommendations for optimizing thermal comfort in residential buildings in Alexandria, Egypt.
Job characteristics of a Malaysian bank’s anti-money laundering system and its employees’ job satisfaction
Authors: Kannan Rathimala , Reddiar Yonesh , Ramakrishnan Kannan , Eastaff Marrynal S , Ramesh Shobana
Published: October 2021

Background: Banks and financial institutions are vulnerable to money laundering (ML) as a result of crime proceeds infiltrating banks in the form of significant cash deposits. Improved financial crime compliance processes and systems enable anti-ML (AML) analysts to devote considerable time and effort to case investigation and process quality work, thereby lowering financial risks by reporting suspicious activity in a timely and effective manner. This study uses Job Characteristics Theory (JCT) to evaluate the AML system through the job satisfaction and motivation of its users. The purpose of this study is to determine how satisfied AML personnel are with their jobs and how motivated they are to work with the system.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used JCT to investigate the important elements impacting employee satisfaction with the AML system. The five core dimensions of the job characteristics were measured using a job diagnostic survey. The respondents were employees working in the AML department of a Malaysian bank, and the sample group was chosen using a purposive sampling approach. A total of 100 acceptable replies were gathered and analysed using various statistical approaches. A motivating potential score was generated for each employee based on five main job characteristics.

Results: Findings revealed that five core job characteristics, namely, skill diversity, task identity, task importance, autonomy and feedback, positively influence the AML system employees’ job satisfaction. However, skill variety and autonomy are found to be low, which are reflected in the poor motivating potential score.

Conclusion: This study examined the characteristics of the AML system and its users’ job satisfaction. Findings revealed that task significance is the most widely recognised characteristic, followed by feedback and task identity. However, there is a lack of skill variety and autonomy, which must be addressed to improve employee satisfaction with the AML system.
Enhancement of digitized X-ray films using Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE)
Authors: Mohd-Isa Wan-Noorshahida , Joseph Joel , Hashim Noramiza , Salih Nbhan
Published: October 2021

Background: Rural clinics still have X-ray facilities that produce physical films, which are sent to the nearest hospital for evaluation.  Purchasing digitalization facilities is costly, thus, sending digitized films to the radiologist may be a solution.  This can be achieved via digital photo capture.  However, there can be different output resolutions that may not be optimized for online diagnosis.  This paper investigates if digitized X-ray films can be enhanced using image processing techniques of Contrast-Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE), Normalized-CLAHE (N-CLAHE) and Min-Max Normalized-CLAHE (MMCLAHE).       

Methods: We collected and digitized 21 X-ray films with low, medium, and high resolutions and implemented the CLAHE, N-CLAHE and MMCLAHE image enhancement. These methods introduced a limit to clip the histogram of image intensities so as to reduce any noise amplification before file compression with the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) and Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT).  Quantitative metrics of the Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) and Mean-Squared Error (MSE) were used to compare the accuracies between digitized and processed X-ray films.  A qualitative evaluation was performed by a medical practitioner to validate the accuracy of enhanced digitized X-ray. 

Results: It had been found that both CLAHE and MMCLAHE provided good average PSNR values of 31dB - 32dB and produced low MSE values compared to N-CLAHE.  The results of qualitative evaluation attained 89.9% correct diagnosis on nine randomly selected images.  Generally, the evaluation indicated that the results fulfill the acceptable criteria for further evaluation and there seemed to be no pathological differences observed.

Conclusion: This paper presented a proof of concept on an implementation of the CLAHE technique and its variations on digitized X-ray films.  This paper had shown potential improvements with the proposed enhancement methods that may contribute to an increase efficiency in healthcare processes at rural clinics.
Reframing organizations in the digital age: A qualitative study exploring institutional social media adoption
Authors: Yilmaz Yusuf , Ruan Brandon , Thomas Priya , Tran Victoria , M. Chan Teresa
Published: October 2021

Background: Social media is changing the modern academic landscape; this study sought to explore how organizational structures support or inhibit the harnessing of social media use in academic contexts and knowledge translation.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using framework analysis based on the Bolman and Deal’s Four-Frame Model—structural, human resources, political and symbolic. The research team used the snowball sampling technique to recruit participants following the completion of each participant’s semi-structured interview. A member check was completed to ensure rigour.

Results: 16 social media educators and experts from several countries participated in the study. Study findings showed that within the Structural Frame, institution types were reported to have with diverse hierarchical structures, ranging from strict to malleable: hospital-based (strict), education institutional-based and online only groups (malleable). The Human Resources Frame revealed that most participants’ social media organizations operated on unpaid volunteer staff. The training of these staff was primarily via role-modeling and mentorship. Regarding the Political Frame, social media helped participants accumulate scholarly currency and influence within their field of practice. Symbolic Frame showed a wide range of traditional to non-traditional organizational supports, which interacted with both intrinsic to extrinsic motivation.

Conclusions: Bolman and Deal’s Four-Frame Model framework may serve as an effective guideline for academic leaders who wish to strategically implement or enhance social media use into their organizations. The key insights that we have gained from our participants are how new emerging forms of scholarly pursuits can be more effectively enabled or hindered by the attributes of the organization within which these are occurring.
Developing a model for health determinants research within local government: lessons from a large, urban local authority
Authors: West Jane , Wright John , Bridges Sally , Cartwright Chris , Ciesla Kayley , Pickett Kate E. , Shore Robert , Witcherley Phil , Flinders Mathew , McEachan Rosemary R.C. , Mon-Williams Mark , Bird Pippa , Lennon Laura , Cooper Duncan , Muckle Sarah , England Kersten , Sheldon Trevor
Published: October 2021

Background: Socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions strongly affect health across the life course. Local government plays a key role in influencing these wider determinants of health and levels of inequality within their communities. However, they lack the research infrastructure and culture that would enable them to develop an evidence-based approach to tackling the complex drivers of those conditions.

Methods: We undertook a scoping project to explore the potential for, and what would be needed to develop a local authority research system for the City of Bradford, UK. This included identifying the current research landscape and any barriers and enablers to research activity within the local authority using qualitative individual and focus group interviews, a rapid review of existing local research system models, scoping of the use of evidence in decision making and training opportunities and existing support for local government research.

Results: We identified four key themes important to developing and sustaining a research system: leadership, resource and capacity, culture, partnerships. Some use of research in decision making was evident but research training opportunities within the local authority were limited. Health research funders are slowly adapting to the local government environment, but this remains limited and more work is needed to shift the centre of gravity towards public health, local government and the community more generally. 

Conclusions: We propose a model for a local authority research system that can guide the development of an exemplar whole system research framework that includes research infrastructure, data sharing, research training and skills, and co-production with local partners, to choose, use, generate, and deliver research in local government.
The genome sequence of the green-underside blue, Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761)
Authors: Hinojosa Galisteo Joan Carles , Vila Roger ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Glaucopsyche alexis (the green-underside blue; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Lycaenidae). The genome sequence is 620 megabases in span. The majority (99.87%) of the assembly is scaffolded into 23 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the Z sex chromosome assembled.
Online Hearings in Proceedings before International Commercial Courts
Authors: Domhan Selina
Published: October 2021

The paper presents analysis of the use of online hearings in proceedings before international commercial courts. International commercial courts are not a new phenomenon, with the Commercial Court of England and Wales having been established in London already in 1895. What is new is the increased prominence of such courts over the last six years.
The article focuses on three jurisdictions in Europe: Germany, France, and the Netherlands. The author examines to what extent communication technologies are being used in proceedings before international commercial courts in Europe and also whether – and, if so, how – the COVID 19 pandemic has affected this. The overall finding is that there has been increased demand for video hearings since the beginning of the pandemic, if not earlier. The article is focused primarily on cross-border taking of evidence by means of videoconferencing. In this context, it highlights the changes in the recast of the Taking of Evidence Regulation. The author concludes that the commercial courts presented will most likely not benefit from the recast.
Die funktionale Methode bei der Rechtsvergleichung
Authors: Veigel Johannes
Published: October 2021

The article deals with the nature and versatile application of the functional method, a tool used in comparative law to examine institutions of the law across jurisdictions. The approach has played a role in projects to render laws uniform and contributed to the modernisation of the German Civil Code. Although the functional method is regarded as the most fundamental technique in comparative law, neither Ernst Rabel nor well-known adherents such as Konrad Zweigert and Hein Kötz expressed any precise strategy for functional comparative research. The reader is guided through the essential assumptions and the approach of the functional method, on which legal comparativists show the greatest consensus with regard to the following steps: creating country-specific reports, putting the social problem in words (tertium comparationis), and finally conducting a critical valuation of the results found. The paper then presents an overview of the functional method’s practical application, criticisms of it, and modified approaches, culminating in a proposal related to the basic assumptions behind the method.
Zugang zum Recht – Beobachtungen zur Kostendimension
Authors: Florian Julia
Published: October 2021

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, ob der Zugang zum Recht und zum gerichtlichen Rechtsschutz – sich aus dem Rechtsstaatsprinzip speisender Belang von Verfassungsrang – in jüngster Zeit vermehrt durch marktbasierte Finanzierungsintervention sichergestellt wird und sich dadurch eine weitere Abkehr von der staatlichen Kostenhilfe vollzieht. Die Autorin schildert zunächst die Entwicklung der staatlichen Kostenhilfe in Deutschland, bis hin zur merklichen Reduktion durch das Gesetz zur Begrenzung der Aufwendungen für die Prozesskostenhilfe. Weiter wird beleuchtet, ob im Anschluss daran eine Bedürfnisidentifizierung stattgefunden hat, die Alternativen zu Tage förderte, die dem Zugang zum Recht entgegenstehende finanzielle Hindernisse weiter abbauen. Die Verfasserin bezweifelt, ob dies in einem ausreichenden Maß geschehen ist respektive geschieht. Anschließend werden die neusten Entwicklungen am deutschen Rechtsdienstleistungsmarkt geschildert, die beim Zugang zum Recht eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle spielen. Fraglich ist, ob diese mit dem Rechtdienstleistungsgesetz vereinbar sind, stellt doch das Rechtsdienstleistungsrecht eine der marktbasierten Finanzierungsintervention entgegenstehendes Hindernis dar. Abschließend gilt festzuhalten, dass die Liberalisierungsbestrebungen des Gesetzgebers und jüngst der Rechtsprechung dazu geführt haben, dass das Rechtsdienstleistungsgesetz kein unüberwindbares Hindernis darstellt.
Stabilization as a stage in the evolution of the social system
Authors: Sitnova Irina
Published: October 2021

The monograph is devoted to the study of the category "stability" within the framework of the social construct as a dynamic and static category. The book examines the processes of stabilization of modern Russia in the context of modern domestic concepts of sustainable and integration development. The final part focuses on the mechanisms of "path dependence" and "enforcement" as structural and subjective factors of stabilization of the social system.
It is intended for teachers, graduate students, students.
Life safety: innovations in teaching methods. Workshop
Authors: Alekseev Sergey , Kosteckaya Galina
Published: October 2021

This publication is an integrative textbook covering pedagogical approaches to the formation of methodological competence of life safety teachers. It includes 132 practical works and 21 professional tasks, reflecting various sections of the BZHD (OBZH) training course and various modules of specialized educational programs of higher professional education. An attempt is made to form an innovative approach among students and teachers to the methodology of teaching and educating life safety, developing their own author's methodological style of teaching.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For undergraduate and graduate students studying in the direction of "Pedagogical education" (profile "Education in the field of life safety"), as well as the teaching staff of the higher school, teachers and students of organizations of additional professional education.
International and national in linguistic cultures (based on the material of Russian and English phraseology)
Authors: Sklyarova Natal'ya
Published: October 2021

The textbook is intended for the formation of linguistic and cultural competence of students based on a comparative analysis of the phraseological fund of English and Russian languages in an extralinguistic aspect, as well as for the development of foreign language competence through the use of English phraseological units in speech.
Meets the requirements of the federal state educational standards of higher education of the latest generation.
For students of various philological areas of bachelor's and master's degree preparation.
Improving the efficiency of tools made of high-speed steels and hard alloys
Authors: Adaskin Anatoliy
Published: October 2021

The monograph is devoted to improving the efficiency of forming tools made from the most used tool materials: high-speed steels and hard alloys.
For tools made of high-speed steels, a comparative assessment of the standards of industrially developed countries and the Russian Federation was carried out. The characteristic of operational and technological properties is given. High-speed steels and technologies are recommended to increase the efficiency of the tool. Recommendations on the types of tools are given.
The properties of hard alloys and the areas of their rational application are analyzed. The structural materials of prefabricated and soldered tools are considered. Recommendations on the choice of hard alloys are given, directions for the creation of new compositions of hard alloys to increase the efficiency of the tool in the processing of hard-to-process heat-resistant steels and alloys are shown.
It is intended for engineering, technical and scientific workers of the metallurgical and manufacturing industries. It can be used in the preparation of masters, postgraduates of technological universities.
System-synergetic aspect of energy and resource saving in construction and housing and communal services in the conditions of greening
Authors: Popov Rinad
Published: October 2021

The monograph presents a constructive and critical analysis of the organizational foundations of modern practice of energy and resource conservation in territorial and economic systems, the core of which are capital construction and housing and communal services that are closely interrelated. In the form of a discussion, the scientific and applied problems of this area of public practice and the conceptual aspects of its resolution in the views of various authors are considered. The author's own views on a number of aspects of environmental management, energy and resource conservation in capital construction and housing and communal services are substantiated.
The international legal framework for cooperation between States on countering illicit trafficking in medical products
Authors: Zimina Kristina
Published: October 2021

The monograph is devoted to the study of the international foundations of cooperation between states in the field of combating illicit trafficking in medical products (NOM), as well as to the study of the functioning of modern international legal mechanisms of such interaction.
The author's proposals for improving the legal regulation in the field of countering the NOM in the process of implementing international legal norms regulating these legal relations into the legislation of the Russian Federation and foreign states are presented.
For a wide range of readers interested in countering illegal trafficking of goods, works and services. It will be useful for students, postgraduates and teachers of law schools.
Taxes of citizens in initiative budgeting
Authors: Vagin Vladimir , Pinskaya Milyausha , Gavrilova Nadezhda , Shapovalova Natal'ya
Published: October 2021

The monograph is devoted to the analysis and evaluation of the productivity of the methodology of initiative budgeting in relation to taxation. The ways of involving citizens in public administration and budget decisions formed in Russian and foreign studies are revealed. It is shown that one of the promising practices of initiative budgeting can be the participation of citizens in decisions on the direction of part of the expenditures of local budgets for co-financing projects of initiative budgeting. It is revealed that additional positive effects arise in the form of increased motivation for collecting local taxes and fees and an overall increase in the volume of revenues from local taxes and fees. Thus, there is a productive integration of the methodology of initiative budgeting and tax policy at the local level.
It is addressed to economists, lawyers, managers, managers and specialists of federal public authorities, as well as teachers, graduate students and students of economic and law universities and faculties, students of the advanced training system.
FULLFILLMENT OF DISABILITY RIGHTS BASED ON DEFINITIONS, LEGAL BASIS, CRITERIA, AND AIMS OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: Karya Gardiana , Insiatun Insiatun , Rizqianti Nindya Ayu , Ningsih Putri Kartika , Ediyanto Ediyanto , Sunandar Asep , Iliško Dzintra
Published: October 2021

One of the Indonesian government's efforts to provide equal education for disabilities is by implementing inclusive education. Inclusive education gives special needs (SEN) students have the same opportunity to get education together in class with the typical students of their age and obtain equal education services. So, inclusive education concept understanding is needed to provide information about inclusive education. Therefore, this article's arrangement provides information about inclusive education's definition, legal basis, characteristics, and aims. The current study method used a literature review of five books and 17 articles. It showed that inclusive education is the education service given to the unique needs students to have equal opportunity to school in the regular school and obtain equal service. The implementation of inclusive education had been regulating by international regulations and, in more detail, regulated by Indonesian government regulations. The characteristics of inclusive education must consider the interests of the disabilities and their flexibility to create an education that could run well and lasts long. In addition to imposing equal educational rights without any differentiation and optimizing special needs students' potential, inclusive education could also increase the interaction of special needs students.
PRINCIPAL'S LEADERSHIP IN REALIZING CHARACTER EDUCATION
Authors: Sutino Sutino , Sowiyah Sowiyah , Tristiana Novita Eka
Published: October 2021

The Importanat of the principal's leadership in implementing a character education program attracts the author to conduct research and this article discusses the results of a literature review conducted by the author. There are a number of articles on the review of principals' leadership and character educatiob especially in the world context that can be found. The purpose of thus review is to find out the principal's leadership in realizing character education in a world  context. Based on the results of the literature reviews from various countries in the world, the authors find the scope of the article being reviewed is still very limited and it is very difficult to get literature that combines th two variables. The results of the literature review about principal's leadership shows that the principal's leadership in carrying out his role as a leader has an impact on teacher performance and student personality. Literature review of charcter education shows that the principal has a big role in realizing students personality. Thus, the authors are interested in following up related to the principal's leadership in realizing character education.
Analysis Of Effect Of Roadside Parking Space Retribution To Local Own-Source Revenue Of Temanggung Regency
Authors: Oktaningrum Priska Erlyn , Bintariningtyas Selfia
Published: October 2021

This study aims to determine (1) The influence of Roadside Parking Space Retribution to Local Own-source Revenue of Temanggung Regency (2) The potential of Roadside Parking Space Retribution of Temanggung Regency on March 2021 (3) The trend of Roadside Parking Space Retribution of Temanggung Regency on March until May 2021 (4) The effectiveness and efficiency ratio of Roadside Parking Space Retribution revenue of Temanggung Regency on 2017 until 2020. This research uses a descriptive quantitative approach. The secondary data was obtained from the Department of Transportation, consisting of the target data for parking retribution, collection fees and the realization of parking retribution that are used in significance test analysis, potential secondary data, trend analysis, effectiveness analysis and efficiency analysis, while the primary data is obtained directly from interviews with parking attendants to calculate the parking potential of primary data. The results of this study are (1) The Roadside Parking Retribution significantly influenced to Local Own-source Revenue of Temanggung Regency (2) The potential of Roadside Parking Retribution could be developed in order to reach its maximum potential (3) Economic forecasting showed that the next three period downward trend will likely occur (4) The effectiveness ratio of Roadside Parking Retribution revenue categorized as very effective and the efficiency ratio categorized as very efficient. It would be best for Department of Transportation of Temanggung Regency to do an annual survey once a year and to improve awareness on how to use a ticket parking among the people.