bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular and Clinical Effects of Notch Inhibition in Glioma Patients: A Phase 0/I Trial
Authors: Xu Ran , Shimizu Fumiko , Hovinga Koos , Beal Kathryn , Karimi Sasan , Droms Leif , Peck Kyung K. , Gutin Philip , Iorgulescu J. Bryan , Kaley Thomas , DeAngelis Lisa , Pentsova Elena , Nolan Craig , Grommes Christian , Chan Timothy , Bobrow Dylan , Hormigo Adilia , Cross Justin R. , Wu Nian , Takebe Naoko , Panageas Katherine , Ivy Percy , Supko Jeffrey G. , Tabar Viviane , Omuro Antonio
Published: May 2016

Purpose: High-grade gliomas are associated with a dismal prognosis. Notch inhibition via the gamma-secretase inhibitor RO4929097 has emerged as a potential therapeutic option based on modulation of the cancer-initiating cell (CIS) population and a presumed antiangiogenic role.

Experimental Design: In this phase 0/I trial, 21 patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma or anaplastic astrocytoma received RO4929097 combined with temozolomide and radiotherapy. In addition to establishing the MTD, the study design enabled exploratory studies evaluating tumor and brain drug penetration and neuroimaging parameters. We also determined functional effects on the Notch pathway and targeting of CISs through analysis of tumor tissue sampled from areas with and without blood–brain barrier disruption. Finally, recurrent tumors were also sampled and assessed for Notch pathway responses while on treatment.

Results: Treatment was well tolerated and no dose-limiting toxicities were observed. IHC of treated tumors showed a significant decrease in proliferation and in the expression of the Notch intracellular domain (NICD) by tumor cells and blood vessels. Patient-specific organotypic tumor explants cultures revealed a specific decrease in the CD133+ CIS population upon treatment. Perfusion MRI demonstrated a significant decrease in relative plasma volume after drug exposure. Gene expression data in recurrent tumors suggested low Notch signaling activity, the upregulation of key mesenchymal genes, and an increase in VEGF-dependent angiogenic factors.

Conclusions: The addition of RO4929097 to temozolomide and radiotherapy was well tolerated; the drug has a variable blood–brain barrier penetration. Evidence of target modulation was observed, but recurrence occurred, associated with alterations in angiogenesis signaling pathways. Clin Cancer Res; 22(19); 4786–96. ©2016 AACR.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТИ ЗОВНІШНЬОГО І ВНУТРІШНЬОГО МОНІТОРИНГУ ЯКОСТІ ВИЩОЇ ОСВІТИ У ВДНЗУ “УКРАЇНСЬКА МЕДИЧНА СТОМАТОЛОГІЧНА АКАДЕМІЯ” ЗА 2015 КАЛЕНДАРНИЙ РІК
Authors: Zhdan V. M. , Bobyriov V. M. , Bilash S. M. , Bieliaieva O. M.
Published: May 2016

Стаття присвячена актуальному нині питанню моніторингу якості освіти. Проаналізовано результати зовнішнього і внутрішнього моніторингу якості вищої освіти у ВДНЗУ “Українська медична стоматологічна академія” за 2015 календарний рік. Показано, що внутрішній моніторинг у вигляді самоаналізу і самооцінювання – це вимога часу та об’єктивна потреба інноваційного розвитку освітньої діяльності навчального закладу. У висновках зазначається, що внутрішній моніторинг дає змогу простежувати динаміку процесуального і результативного аспектів якості навчання, забезпечує умови для підвищення ефективності управління якістю освітнього процесу, підвищує відповідальність усіх суб’єктів (студентів, науково-педагогічних працівників, адміністрації, навчально-допоміжного персоналу), обумовлює внесення необхідних коректив в освітній процес, слугує міцним поштовхом для розвитку культури університетської автономії. 
ФОРМУВАННЯ ПОЗИТИВНИХ ЗМІН У РОБОТІ ВИКЛАДАЧІВ АКАДЕМІЇ НА ПІДСТАВІ АНКЕТУВАННЯ
Authors: Dzyak H. V. , Pertseva T. O. , Naumenko L. Yu. , Horbunova H. V. , Zakharov S. V. , Kanyuka H. S. , Likholetova N. V.
Published: May 2016

У статті звернено увагу на можливість за даними анкетування викладачів виявляти проблеми викладачів і формувати позитивні зміни в поліпшенні їх роботи.
СКЛАДОВІ ЯКІСНОЇ ІНТЕРНАТУРИ З ФАХУ “ВНУТРІШНІ ХВОРОБИ”
Authors: Kryskiv O. I. , Lazarchuk T. B. , Babinets L. S. , Tvorko V. M.
Published: May 2016

У статті проаналізовано проблемні питання викладання внутрішніх хвороб в інтернатурі та можливі шляхи їх вирішення.
ПРОБЛЕМИ ГЕНДЕРНОГО ПАРИТЕТУ У ВИЩІЙ МЕДИЧНІЙ ОСВІТІ
Authors: Moroz V. M. , Huminskyi Yu. Y. , Fomina L. V.
Published: May 2016

У статті узагальнено та проаналізовано матеріал з питань гендерного підходу у вищій медичній освіті. Враховуючи чинне національне законодавство та світовий досвід з питань гендерного паритету, автори висвітлюють реалізацію принципів рівності між учасниками освітнього процесу та окреслюють тенденції у набутті професійної кваліфікації з огляду на гендерний аспект.
Vestindo o jaleco: reflexões sobre a subjetividade e a posição do etnógrafo em ambiente médico
Authors: Chazan Lilian Krakowski
Published: May 2016

A autora discute questões surgidas nodecorrer do trabalho de campo, parte da tese de dou- torado, cuja temática consiste na construção do feto como Pessoa, mediada pela tecnologia de imagem. Foram observadas ultra-sonografias obstétricas em clínicas do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, e neste texto é pro- blematizado o fato de buscar um olhar antropológi- co em ambiente médico, sendo ela própria médica. O pedido de que vestisse o jaleco em duas clínicas gerou questões acerca da identidade da observadora, como médica e como antropóloga. Discute-se como esta dupla inserção opera no decorrer da pesquisa, em relação aos atores deste universo e no olhar da observadora. A presença desta pareceu ser mais per- turbadora para os médicos do que para as gestantes. O modo como a perturbação era expressa diferiu de acordo com o gênero do ultra-sonografista. A for- mação médica facilitou a entrada no campo e a acei- tação da pesquisa por parte de seus sujeitos e por outro lado há uma tensão quando a pesquisadora busca estranhar uma situação duplamente familiar
Quantitative Analysis of the Isolation Area During the Chronic Phase After a 28-mm Second-Generation Cryoballoon Ablation Demarcated by High-Resolution Electroanatomic Mapping
Authors: Miyazaki Shinsuke , Taniguchi Hiroshi , Hachiya Hitoshi , Nakamura Hiroaki , Takagi Takamitsu , Iwasawa Jin , Hirao Kenzo , Iesaka Yoshito
Published: May 2016

Background—

The post–second-generation cryoballoon (CB) ablation isolation area during the chronic phase has not been described. The aim of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the chronic-phase isolation area after 28-mm second-generation CB ablation and compare it to the estimated conventional radiofrequency circumferential pulmonary vein isolation (CPVI) line.

Methods and Results—

Thirty-two patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation underwent pulmonary vein (PV) isolation using second-generation CB. After a median of 6.0 (4.0–9.0) months, the PV isolation area was evaluated using high-resolution mapping (1-mm electrode, 2-mm interelectrode spacing; 527±99 points per map) and pacing techniques in all patients (17 with and 15 without arrhythmia recurrence beyond blanking period) and compared with estimated conventional radiofrequency CPVI area. PV reconnections were observed in 34 of 126 PVs (27.0%) among 21 of 32 patients (65.6%), which were eliminated by a median of 1.0 (1.0–3.0) focal radiofrequency application. The left- and right-sided PV antrum isolation area and nonablated posterior wall areas were 9.8±1.7, 8.1±2.3, and 17.0±6.1 cm
2
, respectively. The cryoablated areas were significantly smaller than the estimated conventional radiofrequency CPVI areas in all but the right inferior PV. The difference was highest in the left superior PV. In 2 patients (6.3%), recurrent atrial fibrillation originated from the foci identified at the left superior PV antrum outside the CB isolation area but inside the estimated conventional radiofrequency CPVI line.

Conclusions—

Although the PV isolation areas during the chronic phase after the second-generation CB ablation were generally wide, they were significantly smaller than the area encircled by the CPVI line except at the right inferior PV antrum. Recurrent atrial fibrillation could originate from the left superior PV antrum and could be isolated by a CPVI but not by a CB.
Mortality Among Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure and Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Win Theingi Tiffany , Davis Herbert T. , Laskey Warren K.
Published: May 2016

Background—

Case fatality and hospitalization rates for US patients with heart failure (HF) have steadily decreased during the past several decades. Diabetes mellitus (DM), a risk factor for, and frequent coexisting condition with, HF continues to increase in the general population.

Methods and Results—

We used the National Inpatient Sample to estimate overall as well as age-, sex-, and race/ethnicity-specific trends in HF hospitalizations, DM prevalence, and in-hospital mortality among 2.5 million discharge records from 2000 to 2010 with HF as primary discharge diagnosis. Multivariable logistic and Poisson regression were used to assess the impact of the above demographic characteristics on in-hospital mortality. Age-standardized hospitalizations decreased significantly in HF overall and in HF with DM. Age-standardized in-hospital mortality with HF declined from 2000 to 2010 (4.57% to 3.09%,
P
trend
<0.0001), whereas DM prevalence in HF increased (38.9% to 41.9%,
P
trend
<0.0001) as did comorbidity burden. Age-standardized in-hospital mortality in HF with DM also decreased significantly (3.53% to 2.27%,
P
trend
<0.0001). After adjusting for year, age, and comorbid burden, males remained at 17% increased risk versus females, non-Hispanics remained at 12% increased risk versus Hispanics, and whites had a 30% higher mortality versus non-white minorities. Absolute mortality rates were lower in younger versus older patients, although the rate of decline was attenuated in younger patients.

Conclusions—

In-hospital mortality in HF patients with DM significantly decreased during the past decade, despite increases in DM prevalence and comorbid conditions. Mortality rate decreases among younger patients were significantly attenuated, and mortality disparities remain among important demographic subgroups.
A new Bent-toed gecko (Squamata: Gekkonidae) from the Mekongga Mountains, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: RIYANTO AWAL , KURNIATI HELLEN , ENGILIS, JR ANDREW
Published: May 2016

We describe Cyrtodactylus hitchi sp. nov., a new species of Bent-toed Gecko from montane forests in the Mekongga Mountains, South East Sulawesi, Indonesia. Although we cannot speculate about relationships, morphologically it shares several traits with C. batik, a large species known only from Mount Tompotika near the tip of Sulawesi’s Eastern Peninsula. The following unique combination of characters distinguishes it from all other congeners: absence of precloacal groove, absence of precloacal and femoral pores, absence of enlarged femoral scales, no abrupt contact between large and small postfemoral scales, 18–20 lamellae under the fourth toes, and transversely enlarged, median subcaudal scales arranged in a single row.
Redescription of Chilenoperla puerilis (Gripopterygidae: Plecoptera) from the eastern Andes of Patagonia
Authors: PESSACQ PABLO
Published: May 2016

The male and the last instar larva of Chilenoperla puerilis Illies (Gripopterygidae) are redescribed from Chubut Province, Argentinean Patagonia. Wing venation previously not described, differs from other described species in the genus. The larva is separable from that of C. elongata Vera and C. puelche Vera. Comments on the generic and specific position of the material studied and similarities and differences among the genera Chilenoperla Illies and Pelurgoperla Illies are included. Until new systematic and phylogenetic evidence becomes available no taxonomic changes are proposed.
Michio Yanai and Tropical Waves
Authors: Takayabu Yukari N. , Kiladis George N. , Magaña Victor
Published: May 2016

Insights by Professor Michio Yanai on tropical waves, which have been vital ingredients for progress in tropical meteorology over the last half-century, are recollected. This study revisits various aspects of research on tropical waves over the last five decades to examine, in Yanai’s words, “the nature of ‘A-scale’ tropical wave disturbances and the interaction of the waves and the ‘B-scale’ phenomena (cloud clusters),” the fundamental problem posed by Yanai at the design phase of the GARP Atlantic Tropical Experiment (GATE) in 1971. The various contributions of Michio Yanai to the current understanding of the dynamics of the tropical atmosphere are briefly reviewed to show how his work has led to several current theories in this field.
Implications of a History of Syncope in Patients Hospitalized With Heart Failure
Authors: El-Menyar Ayman , Sulaiman Kadhim , AlSadawi Ali , AlSheikh-Ali Alawi A. , AlMahameed Wael , Bazargani Nooshin , AlMotarreb Ahmed , Amin Haitham , Asaad Nidal , Al Habib Khalid , Ridha Mustafa , Al-Jarallah Mohammed , Al-Thani Hassan , AlFaleh Husam , Singh Rajvir , Panduranga Prashanth , Al Suwaidi Jassim
Published: May 2016

We assessed the frequency and implications of a history of syncope of up to 1 year prior to hospitalization with acute heart failure (AHF) between February and November 2012. Data were collected for 5005 patients hospitalized with AHF and analyzed and compared according to the absence/presence of a history of syncope (group 1 vs group 2). Prior syncope among patients with heart failure was 5.3%. Age, gender, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, bundle branch block, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and obstructed coronary vessels were comparable in the 2 groups. Group 2 patients were more likely to smoke or have diabetes mellitus, stroke, and cardiac arrest. Group 2 patients frequently required aggressive treatment and had more worse in-hospital and 1-year outcomes compared to group 1. After adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, and LVEF, multivariate regression analysis showed that history of syncope predicted in-hospital mortality (odds ratio: 2.61; 95% confidence interval: 1.707-4.002). History of syncope during the year prior to the index admission with AHF is a marker of worse outcomes regardless of patient age and LVEF. Further studies are required to confirm this observation and its clinical implications.
The Ghosts of the Past: Hermeneutical Reflections on Historical Criticism within a Shared Conversation on Human Sexuality
Authors: Sargent Benjamin
Published: May 2016

This article is a reflection on the ways in which scripture was approached by participants within one of the Church of England’s Shared Conversations on Human Sexuality. It notes the significance of historical-critical hermeneutical concepts within the conversation and concludes that the hermeneutical aspect of the debate on scripture and sexuality, as carried out within the context of the shared conversations, is far removed from the scholarly discussion of theological hermeneutics for which the issue of human sexuality has been a great stimulant.
Compositions of professionalism in counselling work: An embodied and embedded intersectionality framework
Authors: Adamson Maria , Johansson Marjana
Published: May 2016

This article explores the embodied compositions of professionalism in the context of the counselling psychology profession in Russia. Specifically, we develop an embodied intersectionality framework for theorizing compositions of professionalism, which allows us to explain how multiple embodied categories of difference intersect and are relationally co-constitutive in producing credible professionals, and, importantly, how these intersections are contingent on intercorporeal encounters that take place in localized professional settings. Our exploration of how professionalism and professional credibility are established in Russian counselling shows that, rather than assuming that a hegemonic ‘ideal body’ is given preference in a professional context, different embodied compositions may be deemed credible in various work settings within the same profession. An embodied intersectionality framework allows us to challenge the notion of a single professional ideal and offer a dynamic and contextually situated analysis of the lived experiences of professional privilege and disadvantage.
Bias extension test on an unbalanced woven composite reinforcement: Experiments and modeling via a second-gradient continuum approach
Authors: Barbagallo Gabriele , Madeo Angela , Azehaf Ismael , Giorgio Ivan , Morestin Fabrice , Boisse Philippe
Published: May 2016

The classical continuum models used for the woven fabrics do not fully describe the whole set of phenomena that occur during the testing of those materials. This incompleteness is partially due to the absence of energy terms related to some microstructural properties of the fabric and, in particular, to the bending stiffness of the yarns. To account for the most fundamental microstructure-related deformation mechanisms occurring in unbalanced interlocks, a second-gradient, hyperelastic, initially orthotropic continuum model is proposed. A constitutive expression for the strain energy density is introduced to account for (a) in-plane shear deformations, (b) highly different bending stiffnesses in the warp and weft directions, and (c) fictive elongations in the warp and weft directions which eventually describe the relative sliding of the yarns. Numerical simulations which are able to reproduce the experimental behavior of unbalanced carbon interlocks subjected to a bias extension test are presented. In particular, the proposed model captures the macroscopic asymmetric S-shaped deformation of the specimen, as well as the main features of the associated deformation patterns of the yarns at the mesoscopic scale.
Factors Influencing Early Dental Implant Failures
Authors: Chrcanovic B.R. , Kisch J. , Albrektsson T. , Wennerberg A.
Published: May 2016

The purpose of the present study was to assess the influence of local and systemic factors on the occurrence of dental implant failures up to the second-stage surgery (abutment connection). This retrospective study is based on 2,670 patients who received 10,096 implants and were consecutively treated with implant-supported prostheses between 1980 and 2014 at 1 specialist clinic. Several anatomic-, patient-, health-, and implant-related factors were collected. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the patients and implants. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used at the patient level as well as the implant level to evaluate the effect of explanatory variables on the failure of implants up to abutment connection. A generalized estimating equation method was used for the implant-level analysis to account for the fact that repeated observations (several implants) were available for a single patient. Overall, 642 implants (6.36%) failed, of which 176 (1.74%) in 139 patients were lost up to second-stage surgery. The distribution of implants in sites of different bone quantities and qualities was quite similar between implants lost up to and after abutment connection. Smoking and the intake of antidepressants were the statistically significant predictors in the multivariate model (ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02369562).
A place of belonging: Research at the intersection of faith and disability
Authors: Carter Erik W.
Published: May 2016

What does it really mean for people with disabilities and their families to truly belong within their faith community? This review article addresses ten dimensions of belonging and their salience to the inclusion of people with intellectual disability, autism, and other developmental disabilities. In each area, I review available research and highlight implications for churches, ministry leaders, and congregation members. This framework is intended to spur new thinking about the ways in which churches might welcome and weave people with disabilities more fully into the relationships and activities that comprise life together in a community of faith.
Learning to Teach in an Urban Teacher Residency
Authors: Gatti Lauren
Published: May 2016

In this article, I employ sociocultural theory to analyze the learning to teach process of two novice teachers enrolled in one Urban Teacher Residency (UTR). Findings show that Genesis and Jackie were differentially drawing on programmatic, disciplinary, relational, experiential, and dispositional resources as they learned to teach in an urban context. I show that programmatic resources of supervision and classroom management requirements (i.e., Doug Lemov’s Teach Like a Champion) not only differentially influenced teachers’ learning and development but also differentially impacted the development of trust with students.
Locating neighbourhood diversity in the American metropolis
Authors: Walker Kyle
Published: May 2016

Racial and ethnic diversity in the United States is on the rise, as the country is projected to no longer have a racial majority by the mid-2040s. Much of this diversity is found in the United States’ large metropolitan areas, where it manifests itself unevenly. While some metropolitan neighbourhoods are growing highly diverse, others remain segregated by race and ethnicity. This paper introduces a framework for exploring the geography of neighbourhood diversity in US metropolitan areas, and defines the diversity gradient, a visual representation of how diversity varies with distance from the urban core. Analysis of the geography of metropolitan diversity from 1990 to 2010 reveals that the greatest increases in diversity are found in the suburbs and outlying areas, where diversity now peaks in many large metropolitan areas. Additional spatial analyses of neighbourhood diversity in Chicago and Dallas-Fort Worth show that clustering of highly diverse neighbourhoods has shifted to the suburbs from close-in urban areas, where many segregated and low-diversity neighbourhoods persist.
Toward a Topos of Visual Rhetoric: Teaching Aesthetics Through Color and Typography
Authors: Welhausen Candice A.
Published: May 2016

This article proposes a heuristic that teachers and students can use together to create a vocabulary for discussing the aesthetic aspects of color and typography in document design work. By using this framework, teachers and students can generate a collection of shared visual topoi or commonplaces for describing the aesthetic value of color and typography that they can then draw from to inform visual analysis and production work.
Paired Comparisons or Sorting? Comparing Web-Based Methods for Collecting Similarity Data for Large Stimulus Sets for Destination Image Positioning
Authors: Pezenka Ilona
Published: May 2016

Destination image is among the most studied constructs in tourism research. Many researchers are still convinced that the rating scale method is the most accurate for assessing destination image. This study presents alternative methods of data collection, namely, free-sorting and reduced paired comparisons, and investigates their applicability in a Web-based environment. The study then subjects these data collection methods to empirical analysis and compares the judgment task’s effects on perceived difficulty, fatigue, and boredom, on data quality, and on perceptual maps derived with MDS. The findings demonstrate that these methods are more accurate whenever a large number of objects have to be judged, which is particularly the case for positioning and competitiveness studies.
Testing the Effects of Procedural Justice and Overaccommodation in Traffic Stops
Authors: Lowrey Belén V. , Maguire Edward R. , Bennett Richard R.
Published: May 2016

Research shows that perceptions of procedural justice influence people’s trust, confidence, and obligation to obey law and legal authorities as well as their willingness to cooperate with and support legal authorities. Interpersonal interaction styles that are central to procedural justice theory also play a key role in communication accommodation theory (CAT). Based on video clips depicting a police traffic stop, we use a randomized experiment to test the effects of procedural justice and overaccommodation on trust in police, willingness to cooperate with police, and obligation to obey police and the law. The results demonstrate that procedural justice has more powerful effects than overaccommodation on reported trust and confidence in the officer, as well as respondents’ obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with the officer. Moreover, although procedural justice generated strong effects on encounter-specific attitudes, it did not exert any effect on more general attitudes toward police.
Preclinical Safety Evaluation in Rats of a Polymeric Matrix Containing an siRNA Drug Used as a Local and Prolonged Delivery System for Pancreatic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Ramot Yuval , Rotkopf Shay , Gabai Rachel Malka , Zorde Khvalevsky Elina , Muravnik Sofia , Marzoli Gabriela Alejandra , Domb Abraham J. , Shemi Amotz , Nyska Abraham
Published: May 2016

Conventional chemotherapy treatments for pancreatic cancer are mainly palliative. RNA interference (RNAi)-based drugs present the potential for a new targeted treatment. LOcal Drug EluteR (LODERTM) is a novel biodegradable polymeric matrix that shields drugs against enzymatic degradation and releases small interfering RNA (siRNA) against G12D-mutated KRAS (siG12D). siG12D-LODER has successfully passed a phase 1/2a clinical trial. Such a formulation necessitates biocompatibility and safety studies. We describe the safety and toxicity studies with siG12D-LODER in 192 Hsd:Sprague Dawley rats, after repeated subcutaneous administrations (days 1, 14, and 28). Animals were sacrificed on days 29 and 42 (recovery phase). In all groups, no adverse effects were noted, and all animals showed favorable local and systemic tolerability. Histopathologically, LODER implantation resulted in the expected capsule formation, composed of a thin fibrotic tissue. On the interface between the cavity and the capsule, a single layer composed of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells was observed. No difference was noted between the placebo and siG12D-LODER groups. These findings provide valuable information for future preclinical studies with siRNA-bearing biodegradable polymers and for the safety aspects of RNAi-based drugs as a targeted therapy.
Obturator foramen bypass for infective groin caused by closure device
Authors: Irie Yoshihito , Kondo Shunichi , Rokkaku Kyu , Tsuboi Eitoshi , Takano Hiroshi , Yokoyama Hitoshi
Published: May 2016

A 69-year-old man underwent carotid artery stenting through the right femoral artery with a percutaneous vascular closure device for hemostasis. Eleven days later, an infective femoral artery pseudoaneurysm was diagnosed by computed tomography. At surgery, a defect in the femoral artery was observed, corresponding to the remnants of the closure device. Removal of the foreign material, debridement, wound irrigation, and arterial patch plasty were performed, but the infection and leg ischemia did not improve. After several failed attempts to revascularize and control the infection, obturator foramen bypass was performed. The postoperative course was uneventful, indicating the usefulness of this procedure.
The participating government: Shifting boundaries in collaborative spatial planning of urban regions
Authors: Westerink Judith , Kempenaar Annet , van Lierop Marjo , Groot Stefan , van der Valk Arnold , van den Brink Adri
Published: May 2016

This article identifies two alternative collaborative spatial planning discourses: a leading government with societal participation and self-governance by societal actors with government participation. It shows how the boundary between the roles of governments and societal actors in collaboration discourses is shifting, but also how both collaborative planning discourses exist alongside each other in two Dutch urban regions: Eindhoven Region and Parkstad Limburg. In both regions, these alternative discourses on role division in collaborative planning are similar, even though Eindhoven is a growing region in which the local and regional governments collaborate intensively with companies, and Parkstad Limburg is a shrinking region that more actively involves citizens. The article concludes with reflections on the need to manage boundaries in collaborative planning.
Secular space, spiritual community and the hybrid urbanisms of Christianity in Hong Kong and Singapore
Authors: Goh Daniel PS
Published: May 2016

This article seeks to explain the rapid growth of evangelical Christianity in Hong Kong and Singapore over the last few decades in the adaptation of Christianity to the secular urbanization experienced in the two cities. The author argues that Christian responses involve both the innovation of Christian territorial practices to meaningfully navigate and engage the planned city as well as community practices seeking to produce place-bound Christian community life. The author shows that the innovation was driven by the postcolonial aspirations of Christians reacting to state-led urbanization to resolve decolonization crises in the 1970s and 1980s. Local churches with differing theological beliefs experimented with various hybrid territorial-community spatial practices adapted to the respective urban contexts. When urban redevelopment was intensified by the respective states to transform Hong Kong and Singapore into global cities, the Christians contributed and participated in the reurbanization and globalization of the two cities.
The role of civil society in reducing poverty and inequality: A case study of the living wage campaign in the UK
Authors: Bunyan Paul
Published: May 2016

The introduction of the national minimum wage at the end of the 1990s in the UK represented an important intervention by the then New Labour government but it has remained too low to effectively address increasing levels of in-work poverty and inequality. This article traces the development of the living wage campaign, initiated and led by Citizens UK and its main affiliate London Citizens from 2001 onwards and what it has to say about the role and potential of civil society in addressing issues of poverty and inequality.
BAP guidelines on the management of weight gain, metabolic disturbances and cardiovascular risk associated with psychosis and antipsychotic drug treatment
Authors: Cooper Stephen J , Reynolds Gavin P ,   With expert co-authors (in alphabetical order):, Barnes TRE , England E , Haddad PM , Heald A , Holt RIG , Lingford-Hughes A , Osborn D , McGowan O , Patel MX , Paton C , Reid P , Shiers D , Smith J
Published: May 2016

Excess deaths from cardiovascular disease are a major contributor to the significant reduction in life expectancy experienced by people with schizophrenia. Important risk factors in this are smoking, alcohol misuse, excessive weight gain and diabetes. Weight gain also reinforces service users’ negative views of themselves and is a factor in poor adherence with treatment. Monitoring of relevant physical health risk factors is frequently inadequate, as is provision of interventions to modify these. These guidelines review issues surrounding monitoring of physical health risk factors and make recommendations about an appropriate approach. Overweight and obesity, partly driven by antipsychotic drug treatment, are important factors contributing to the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease in people with schizophrenia. There have been clinical trials of many interventions for people experiencing weight gain when taking antipsychotic medications but there is a lack of clear consensus regarding which may be appropriate in usual clinical practice. These guidelines review these trials and make recommendations regarding appropriate interventions. Interventions for smoking and alcohol misuse are reviewed, but more briefly as these are similar to those recommended for the general population. The management of impaired fasting glycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance (‘pre-diabetes’), diabetes and other cardiovascular risks, such as dyslipidaemia, are also reviewed with respect to other currently available guidelines.

These guidelines were compiled following a consensus meeting of experts involved in various aspects of these problems. They reviewed key areas of evidence and their clinical implications. Wider issues relating to primary care/secondary care interfaces are discussed but cannot be resolved within guidelines such as these.
Stress does not increase blood–brain barrier permeability in mice
Authors: Roszkowski Martin , Bohacek Johannes
Published: May 2016

Several studies have reported that exposure to acute psychophysiological stressors can lead to an increase in blood–brain barrier permeability, but these findings remain controversial and disputed. We thoroughly examined this issue by assessing the effect of several well-established paradigms of acute stress and chronic stress on blood–brain barrier permeability in several brain areas of adult mice. Using cerebral extraction ratio for the small molecule tracer sodium fluorescein (NaF, 376 Da) as a sensitive measure of blood–brain barrier permeability, we find that neither acute swim nor restraint stress lead to increased cerebral extraction ratio. Daily 6-h restraint stress for 21 days, a model for the severe detrimental impact of chronic stress on brain function, also does not alter cerebral extraction ratio. In contrast, we find that cold forced swim and cold restraint stress both lead to a transient, pronounced decrease of cerebral extraction ratio in hippocampus and cortex, suggesting that body temperature can be an important confounding factor in studies of blood–brain barrier permeability. To additionally assess if stress could change blood–brain barrier permeability for macromolecules, we measured cerebral extraction ratio for fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran (70 kDa). We find that neither acute restraint nor cold swim stress affected blood–brain barrier permeability for macromolecules, thus corroborating our findings that various stressors do not increase blood–brain barrier permeability.
The Instructional Dependency of SNARC Effects Reveals Flexibility of the Space-Magnitude Association of Nonsymbolic and Symbolic Magnitudes
Authors: Lee Dasom , Chun Joohyung , Cho Soohyun
Published: May 2016

The Spatial-Numerical Association of Response Codes (SNARC) effect refers to the phenomenon that small versus large numbers are responded to faster in the left versus right side of space, respectively. Using a pairwise comparison task, Shaki et al. found that task instruction influences the pattern of SNARC effects of certain types of magnitudes which are less rigid in their space-magnitude association .The present study examined the generalizability of this instruction effect using pairwise comparison of nonsymbolic and symbolic stimuli within a wide range of magnitudes. We contrasted performance between trials in which subjects were instructed to select the stimulus representing the smaller versus larger magnitude within each pair. We found an instruction-dependent pattern of SNARC effects for both nonsymbolic and symbolic magnitudes. Specifically, we observed a SNARC effect for the “Select Smaller” instruction, but a reverse SNARC effect for the “Select Larger” instruction. Considered together with previous studies, our findings suggest that nonsymbolic magnitudes and relatively large symbolic magnitudes have greater flexibility in their space-magnitude association.
Fat-Related Anthropometric Variables and Regional Patterns of Body Size and Adiposity of Adolescents in Aba South LGA, Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Eme Paul Eze , Onuoha Nnenna Ola , Mbah Obioma B.
Published: May 2016

Aim:

This study assessed fat-related anthropometric variables and regional patterns of body size and adiposity of adolescents in Aba South LGA.

Methods:

A total number of 600 adolescents who were secondary school students aged 10 to 19 years wereselected from 61 registered secondary schools. A multi-random sampling technique was used to select the patients. Ethical approval and informed consent were obtained from the patients who participated in the study. Each patient was subjected to weight, height, mid–upper arm circumference (MUAC), and skinfolds measurements using standard methods. Body fat percentage was calculated by the formulas described by Slaughter, Siris, and Shailk equations. Descriptive statistics of frequencies, percentages, mean, and standard deviation were used to examine the gender-specific anthropometric indices. Chi-square and independent t test were also applied to determine the differences between the parameters or variables of the genders at P< .05.

Results:

The respondents aged 19 years had the highest measurement for triceps (14.60 mm), thigh (35.05 mm), and MUAC (25.95 mm), while those aged 18 years had the highest measurement for suprailiac (15.00 mm) and subscapular (16.94 mm). Females had more fat deposits than males in all the skinfold sites. They also had a significantly ( P = .05) higher body fat percentage than males. A multiple regression analysis revealed that maximum calf fat was a strong predictor of body fat percentage of the patients.

Conclusion:

High prevalence of obesity was found in this study, and the 3 equations of body fat percentage showed similar findings that more females than males had higher body fat percentage.
Mechanical recycling of polylactic acid composites reinforced with wood fibres by multiple extrusion and hydrothermal ageing
Authors: Åkesson Dan , Fazelinejad Samaneh , Skrifvars Ville-Viktor , Skrifvars Mikael
Published: May 2016

The mechanical recycling of polylactic acid composites reinforced with wood fibres was studied by multiple extrusions. The composite material was extruded seven times, and the mechanical and thermal properties were monitored by tensile tests, flexural tests, differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier-transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that the material retained its mechanical properties relatively well, for up to five cycles after which the tensile strength decreased by 23%. Thermal characterisation further showed that the glass transition temperature ( Tg) shifted several degrees centigrade towards lower temperatures, further indicating degradation of the polylactic acid polymer. Characterisation was also done on composite material, which was aged hydrothermally between each extrusion cycle in order to simulate post-consumer recycling of composite products, which had been exposed to water. Samples were aged at 50℃ in distilled water for 5 days. The thermal and mechanical testing showed that the material survived the ageing test fairly well.
Do Single Experiences of Childhood Abuse Increase Psychopathology Symptoms in Adulthood?
Authors: Rehan Wail , Antfolk Jan , Johansson Ada , Santtila Pekka
Published: May 2016

Experiencing emotional, physical, and/or sexual abuse in childhood increases the risk (compared with baseline) of developing psychopathological symptoms in adulthood. In the present study, we explored the effects of experiencing only a single abusive event on adulthood psychopathology, and compared this with the risk in individuals with no abusive experiences and with the risk in individuals with several abusive experiences. We used a Finnish population-based sample of 10,980 adult participants (3,766 male and 7,214 female twins and their siblings). The participants reported abuse experiences using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and current psychopathology symptoms using the depression and anxiety scales of the Brief Symptom Inventory–18 (BSI-18). We found that in both men and women even single experiences of emotional and sexual abuse were associated with increased psychopathology symptoms compared with no abuse experiences. Single experiences of physical abuse did not, however, increase the risk in either women or men. As expected, experiences of repeated abuse (of all abuse types) increased the risk of psychopathology symptoms compared with experiences of single abuse. When we isolated individuals who only had a single experience of any type of abuse (i.e., emotional, physical, or sexual) to control for possible co-morbidity, no increased risk was found. This study shows that individuals who report experiencing single events of abuse of a specific abuse type have an increased risk of displaying psychopathology symptoms in adulthood. This increase is, however, mainly due to co-morbidity of abuse types.
Within and Inter-Institutional Differences Between Death Certifiers on Autopsy Conclusions
Authors: Hsieh Ming-Li , Neuilly Melanie-Angela
Published: May 2016

This study seeks to establish whether medico-legal practitioners differ in their autopsy conclusions within and across medico-legal institutions. Data include 459 violent deaths (homicides, suicides, and accidents) autopsy reports written by more than 20 death certifiers from four medico-legal institutions in two countries (France and the United States). Multinomial models show that compared with accidental deaths, weapon use and decedents’ characteristics both influence a homicide verdict, but not a suicide one. In addition, French practitioners are more likely than Americans to reach a conclusion of homicide or suicide compared with accident, and homicides are more likely to be certified by male practitioners.
Recommending a Child Enter a STEM Career
Authors: Scheitle Christopher P. , Ecklund Elaine Howard
Published: May 2016

Apparent conflicts between religion and science are often observed in the United States. One consequence of such conflicts might be that religious individuals will be less likely to recommend their children pursue a career in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). We examine this possibility using a nationally representative survey focused on a variety of issues related to religion and science. We find that, compared to religiously unaffiliated individuals, evangelical Protestants, mainline Protestants, Catholics, and Jews are less likely to say that they would recommend a child enter the pure STEM careers of physicist, engineer, or biologist. These differences are weaker or nonexistent for the more applied STEM careers of physician and high school chemistry teacher. The religious tradition effects observed for the pure STEM careers are primarily mediated by lower levels of interest in science and higher levels of creationist views among those groups relative to the religiously unaffiliated.
The strange non-retreat of the state: implications for the sociology of work
Authors: Meardi Guglielmo , Donaghey Jimmy , Dean Deborah
Published: May 2016

The article critically reviews the reasons for the decline in the engagement with the state in the sociology of work after the 1970s, and for its resurgence after the financial crisis of 2008. It assesses three separate streams of literature (sociology of work, political sociology and welfare state sociology), and argues for the benefits of their integration. Articles in this special section of Work, employment and society provide examples of the mutual utility of such integration. This introduction concludes by identifying some important avenues for future research on the state and work.
Multiscale morphological manifold for rolling bearing fault diagnosis
Authors: Feng Yi , Lu Baochun , Zhang Dengfeng
Published: May 2016

The vibration signals of fault rolling bearing are high-dimensional information with complex components. In order to identify different classes of bearing fault, a new multiscale morphological manifold method based on multiscale morphology and manifold learning is proposed. The multiscale morphological manifold method consists of three main steps. Firstly, multiscale difference filter based on multiscale morphological transformation is applied to obtain multiscale observation results of each signal sample. Secondly, the nonlinear feature vectors of each signal sample are constructed according to the observation approach. Finally, manifold learning is introduced to extract the low-dimensional multiscale morphological manifold features through reducing the dimension of nonlinear features. The low-dimensional multiscale morphological manifold features can reveal the differences of signal classes, which are applicable for fault diagnosis. The performance of proposed method is tested by experimental data from bearings with different types of defects. Experimental verifications confirm that the proposed method is applicable and effective for rolling bearing fault diagnosis.
An audit of HIV treatment outcomes in a UK inner city cohort
Authors: Bird E , Cormack I , Rodgers M , Phillips D , Elgalib A
Published: May 2016

We describe the demographics and treatment outcomes of a HIV-infected cohort from Croydon University Hospital, London, UK. We showed that the Croydon Cohort had good viral load suppression (98.6% with viral load < 100 copies/ml and 99.0% with viral load < 200 copies/ml) despite being a potentially challenging cohort in a deprived area of London. The viral load outcomes are better than the Public Health England data from 2014 and the latest British HIV Association audit using data from 2009.
Distributional impacts of cash allowances for children: A microsimulation analysis for Russia and Europe
Authors: Popova Daria
Published: May 2016

This article analyses programmes of cash allowances for children and compares their effectiveness in combating child poverty in Russia and four European Union (EU) countries representing alternative family policy models – Sweden, Germany, Belgium and the United Kingdom. Using microsimulation models, this article estimates the potential gains if the Russian system were re-designed along the policy parameters of these countries and vice versa. The results confirm that the poverty impact of the programme design is smaller than that of the level of spending. Other conditions being equal, the best distributional outcomes for children are achieved by applying the mix of universal and means-tested child benefits, such as those employed by the United Kingdom and Belgium. At the same time, the Russian design of child allowances does not appear to be less effective in terms of its impact on child poverty when transferred to European countries in place of their current arrangements.
Slovenia at the crossroads: Increasing dependence on supranational institutions and the weakening of social dialogue
Authors: Stanojević Miroslav , Mrčela Aleksandra Kanjuo , Breznik Maja
Published: May 2016

Since the world crisis hit Slovenia, the reconfiguration of the industrial relations system has mainly been exogenously determined. Public debt and the related dependence on supranational institutions and financial (bond) markets have been strongly correlated with the unilateral imposition of these institutions’ demands and pressures. Despite the mounting pressures, the formal structure of industrial relations has not undergone major changes, but within this structure there are clear signs of major changes in power relations and in the logic and quality of the industrial relations system.
Perceived Mentoring Relationships and Career Outcomes—Results from the Indian Power Sector
Authors: Arora Ridhi , Rangnekar Santosh
Published: May 2016

There has been a growing realization among the organizations for nurturing their workforce through mentoring programmes. The role of mentoring has been found to be highly crucial in influencing the employee’s career outcomes. This study examined the impact of perceived mentoring relationships on the career outcomes of career satisfaction and career commitment. The participants consisted of 124 managers from the Indian power sector organizations. Results depicted that in the Indian power sector, managers only perceived psychosocial mentoring support acted as a significant predictor of career outcomes of career satisfaction and career commitment. However, perceived career mentoring was not found to have any significant impact on career outcomes. Overall, this research contributed in mapping the scenario of perceived mentoring relationships from the employee’s perspective and their linkage with career commitment and career satisfaction in the Indian power sector context. Further, discussion on managerial implications and future directions was also provided.