bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La mujer como generadora de una nueva cultura. Una lectura diferente de la colonización española de América
Authors: Bel Bravo María Antonia
Published: June 2012

El traslado de la cultura española a los nuevos territorios americanos, con su importante carga evangelizadora, no se produjo de modo automático, ni mecánico. Atravesó distintos filtros, y uno de ellos fue el femenino. Este artículo pretende ser un reto para aquellos que deseen acometer el estudio de la inculturación de modo diferente al tradicional, más acorde con los nuevos parámetros historiográficos. ¿Más completo, quizás? El rol de la mujer en el matrimonio, en la familia, en la educación o en las labores de asistencia social durante el proceso de colonización –de lo que se ofrecen varios ejemplos– necesita, por ello, ser estudiado con mayor profundidad y abre nuevas perspectivas para la comprensión del continente americano bajo el dominio hispánico.
La imposición del nombre de Ramon Llull en el bautismo: dos casos jurídicamente controvertidos en Mallorca durante el año1763
Authors: Ramis Barceló Rafael
Published: June 2012

Este artículo intenta mostrar las tensiones entre los lulistas y los antilulistas en la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII en Mallorca a partir de dos casos concretos. El primero explica las protestas de un padre antilulista contra un eclesiástico de la Catedral de Mallorca que había bautizado contra su voluntad a su hija con el nombre de Ramón Llull. El segundo caso muestra la negativa de un párroco de bautizar con ese nombre. Estos dos casos jurídicamente controvertidos sirven para mostrar los problemas canónicos del culto luliano y sus consecuencias en Mallorca en esa época.
Impacts of transported background pollutants on summertime Western US air quality: model evaluation, sensitivity analysis and data assimilation
Authors: Huang M. , Carmichael G. R. , Chai T. , Pierce R. B. , Oltmans S. J. , Jaffe D. A. , Bowman K. W. , Kaduwela A. , Cai C. , Spak S. N. , Weinheimer A. J. , Huey L. G. , Diskin G. S.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. The impacts of transported background (TBG) pollutants on Western US ozone (O3) distributions in summer 2008 are studied using the multi-scale Sulfur Transport and dEposition Modeling system. Forward sensitivity simulations show that TBG extensively affect Western US surface O3, and can contribute to >50% of the total O3, varying among different geographical regions and land types. The stratospheric O3 impacts are weak. Ozone is the major contributor to surfaceO3 among the TBG pollutants, and TBG peroxyacetyl nitrate is the most important O3 precursor species. Compared to monthly mean daily maximum 8-h average O3, the secondary standard metric "W126 monthly index" shows larger responses to TBG perturbations and stronger non-linearity to the size of perturbations. Overall the model-estimated TBG impacts negatively correlate to the vertical resolution and positively correlate to the horizontal resolution. The estimated TBG impacts weakly depend on the uncertainties in US anthropogenic emissions. Ozone sources differ at three sites spanning ~10° in latitude. Mt. Bachelor (MBO) and Trinidad Head (THD) O3 are strongly affected by TBG, and occasionally by US emissions, while South Coast (SC) O3 is strongly affected by local emissions. The probabilities of airmasses originating from MBO (2.7 km) and THD (2.5 km) entraining into the boundary layer reach daily maxima of 66% and 34% at ~3:00 p.m. PDT, respectively, and stay above 50% during 9:00 a.m.–4:00 p.m. for those originating from SC (1.5 km). Receptor-based adjoint sensitivity analysis demonstrates the connection between the surface O3 and O3 aloft (at ~1–4 km) at these sites 1–2 days earlier. Assimilation of the surface in-situ measurements significantly reduced (~5 ppb in average, up to ~17 ppb) the modeled surface O3 errors during a long-range transport episode, and is useful for estimating the upper-limits of uncertainties in satellite retrievals (in this case 5–20% and 20–30% for Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) and Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) O3 profiles, respectively). Satellite observations identified this transport event, but assimilation of the existing O3 vertical profiles from TES, OMI and THD sonde in this case did not efficiently improve the O3 distributions except near the sampling locations, due to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and possible uncertainties.
Evaluation of anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide in East Asia derived from observations of atmospheric radon-222 over the Western North Pacific
Authors: Wada A. , Matsueda H. , Murayama S. , Taguchi S. , Kamada A. , Nosaka M. , Tsuboi K. , Sawa Y.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. We used the observed CO/222Rn ratio in Asian outflows at Minamitorishima (MNM), Yonagunijima (YON), and Ryori (RYO) over the Western North Pacific from 2007 to 2011, together with a three-dimensional chemical transport model (STAG), in order to estimate anthropogenic emissions of CO in East Asia. The measurements captured high-frequency synoptic variations of enhanced 222Rn (ERN) events associated with long-range transport of continental air masses. 222Rn and CO showed high correlation during the ERN events observed at MNM and YON in the winter and spring, but not at RYO. The STAG transport model reproduced well the concentration of observed 222Rn when forced with constant and uniform flux density of 1.0 atom cm−2 s−1, but underestimated the associated enhancement of synoptically variable CO caused by the underestimated flux values in the EDGAR ver. 4.1 emission database used in the model for East Asia. Better estimates for the East Asian emission were derived using a radon tracer method based on the difference in the enhancement ratio of CO/222Rn between observation and model. The anthropogenic emission of CO for China, Japan, and Korea was estimated to be 203 Tg CO yr−1, 93% of which originated in China. When compared with other estimated emissions of CO, our estimated result showed consistency with those of the inverse method, whereas the emission database of EDGAR was about 45% smaller than our anthropogenic estimation for China.
Quantitative reconstruction of sea-surface conditions over the last ~150 yr in the Beaufort Sea based on dinoflagellate cyst assemblages: the role of large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns
Authors: Durantou L. , Rochon A. , Ledu D. , Massé G.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. Dinoflagellate cyst (dinocyst) assemblages have been widely used over the Arctic Ocean to reconstruct sea-surface parameters on a quantitative basis. Such reconstructions provide insights into the role of anthropogenic vs natural forcings in the actual climatic trend. Here, we present the palynological analysis of a 36 cm-long core collected from the Mackenzie Through in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. Dinocyst assemblages were used to quantitatively reconstruct the evolution of sea surface conditions (temperature, salinity, sea ice) and freshwater palynomorphs influxes were used as local paleo-river discharge indicators over the last ~150 yr. Dinocyst assemblages are dominated by autotrophic taxa (68 to 96 %). Pentapharsodinium dalei is the dominant specie throughout most of the core, except at the top where the assemblages are dominated by Operculodinium centrocarpum. Quantitative reconstructions of sea surface parameters display a serie of relatively warm, lower sea ice and saline episodes in surface waters, alternately with relatively cool and low salinity episodes. The warm episodes are characterized with high dinocyst productivity. Variations of dinocyst influxes and reconstructed sea surface conditions are closely linked to large scale atmospheric circulation patterns such as the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and to a lesser degree, the Arctic Oscillation (AO). Positive phases of the PDO correspond to increases of dinocyst influxes, warmer and saltier surface waters, which we associate with upwelling events of warm and relatively saline water from Pacific origin. Freshwater palynomorph influxes increased in three phases from AD 1857 until reaching maximum values in AD 1991, suggesting that the Mackenzie River discharge followed the same trend when its discharge peaked between AD 1989 and AD 1992. The PDO mode seems to dominate the climatic variations at multi-annual to decadal timescales in the Western Canadian Arctic and Beaufort Sea areas.
Transition in the fractal geometry of Arctic melt ponds
Authors: Hohenegger C. , Alali B. , Steffen K. R. , Perovich D. K. , Golden K. M.
Published: June 2012

Abstract. During the Arctic melt season, the sea ice surface undergoes a remarkable transformation from vast expanses of snow covered ice to complex mosaics of ice and melt ponds. Sea ice albedo, a key parameter in climate modeling, is determined by the complex evolution of melt pond configurations. In fact, ice-albedo feedback has played a major role in the recent declines of the summer Arctic sea ice pack. However, understanding melt pond evolution remains a significant challenge to improving climate projections. By analyzing area-perimeter data from hundreds of thousands of melt ponds, we find here an unexpected separation of scales, where pond fractal dimension D transitions from 1 to 2 around a critical length scale of 100 m2 in area. Pond complexity increases rapidly through the transition as smaller ponds coalesce to form large connected regions, and reaches a maximum for ponds larger than 1000 m2 whose boundaries resemble space filling curves with D ≈ 2. These universal features of Arctic melt pond evolution are similar to phase transitions in statistical physics. The results impact sea ice albedo, the transmitted radiation fields under melting sea ice, the heat balance of sea ice and the upper ocean, and biological productivity such as under ice phytoplankton blooms.
The Study in Vitamin D Concentration in the Blood for Infants with High Level of Alkaline Phosphatase
Authors: Kim Ji Sung , Choi Jae Yong , Lee Kyun Woo , Song Ick Jin , Kim Cheol Am , Son Byeong Hee , Lee Jung Hyun
Published: June 2012

Objectives
 Nowadays most infants on exclusively breast feeding have vitamin D deficiency due to the increase of breast feeding. However, domestic research lacks appropriate materials. Therefore, we researched practical clinical aspects of vitamin D deficiency related to breast milk feeding for infants who have a high amount of alkaline phosphatase (> 500 IU/L).

Methods
 The subjects of the study were 31 infants with high alkaline phosphatase level. We tested with 25-hydroxycholecalciferol (25-OHD3), parathyroid hormone, calcium, ionized calcium, phosphorus in their blood and with a wrist x-ray. Then, we divided them into two groups of breast feeding and formula feeding and compared the results.

Results
 Eighteen infants (58%) out of 31 infants that have high alkaline phosphatase were vitamin D insufficiency or deficiency, and 16 (100%) breast feeding infants of them showed vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency. However, only 2 (13%) of 15 formula feeding infants were at insufficiency. There was a correlation between alkaline phosphatase and 25-OHD3 concentration in multiple regression analysis, but no correlation in other variables was found in group of breast milk feeding infants. There was neither correlation between vitamin D concentration and alkaline phosphatase nor other correlated variables in the group of formula milk feeding infants.

Conclusions
 In this study, there was a high probability of vitamin D deficiency in the breast feeding infants with a high alkaline phosphatase level. Therefore, it is considered to be worth utilizing alkaline phosphatase as a screening test for vitamin D deficiency or rickets for breast feeding infants.
Implementation of cervical cancer screening using visual inspection with acetic acid in rural Mozambique: successes and challenges using HIV care and treatment programme investments in Zambézia Province
Authors: Moon Troy D , Silva‐Matos Carla , Cordoso Aventina , Baptista Alberto J , Sidat Mohsin , Vermund Sten H
Published: June 2012

Background

In order to maximize the benefits of HIV care and treatment investments in sub‐Saharan Africa, programs can broaden to target other diseases amenable to screening and efficient management. We nested cervical cancer screening into family planning clinics at select sites also receiving PEPFAR support for antiretroviral therapy (ART) rollout. This was done using visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) by maternal child health nurses. We report on achievements and obstacles in the first year of the program in rural Mozambique.

Methods

VIA was taught to clinic nurses and hospital physicians, with a regular clinical feedback loop for quality evaluation and retraining. Cryotherapy using carbon dioxide as the refrigerant was provided at clinics; loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) and surgery were provided at the provincial hospital for serious cases. No pathology services were available.

Results

Nurses screened 4651 women using VIA in Zambézia Province in year one of the program, more than double the Ministry of Health service target. VIA was judged positive for squamous intraepithelial lesions in 8% (n=380) of the women (9% if age ≥30 years (n=3154) and 7% if age <30 years (n=1497); p=0.02). Of the 380 VIA‐positive women, 4% (n=16) had lesions (0.3% of 4651 total screened) requiring referral to Quelimane Provincial Hospital. Fourteen (88%) of these 16 women were seen at the hospital, but records were inadequate to judge outcomes. Of women screened, 2714 (58%) either had knowledge of their HIV status prior to VIA or were subsequently sent for HIV testing, of which 583 (21%) were HIV positive.

Conclusions

Screening and clinical services were successfully provided on a large scale for the first time ever in these rural clinics. However, health manpower shortages, equipment problems, poor paper record systems and a limited ability to follow‐up patients inhibited the quality of the cervical cancer screening services. Using prior HIV investments, chronic disease screening and management for cervical cancer is feasible even in severely resource‐constrained rural Africa.
Two‐Dimensional Assembly of Symmetric Colloidal Dimers under Electric Fields
Authors: Ma Fuduo , Wang Sijia , Smith Lois , Wu Ning
Published: June 2012

Like atoms and molecules with directional interactions, anisotropic particles could potentially assemble into a much wider range of crystalline arrays and meso‐structures than spherical particles with isotropic interactions. In this paper, the electric‐field directed assembly of geometrically anisotropic particles–colloidal dimers is studied. Rich phase behavior and different assembly regimes are found, primarily arising from the broken radial symmetry in particles. The orientations of individual dimers depend on the frequency of the electric field, the ramping direction of frequency, and the salt concentration. The competition and balance between the hydrodynamic, electric, and Brownian torques determine the orientation of individual particles, while the competition between the electrohydrodynamic force and dipolar interaction determines the aggregation of aligned particles at a given experimental condition. The field distribution near the electrode is critical to understand the orientation and assembly behavior of colloidal dimers on a conducting substrate. This study also demonstrates the effectiveness, the reversibility, and potential opportunity of applying electric field to control the orientation and direct the assembly of non‐spherical particles. In particular, two dimensional close‐packed crystals of perpendicularly aligned dimers are obtained, which shows promise in fabricating 3D photonic crystals based on dimer‐like colloids and field‐directed display.
Palladium‐Catalyzed CH Oxidation of Isoquinoline N‐Oxides: Selective Alkylation with Dialkyl Sulfoxides and Halogenation with Dihalo sulfoxides
Authors: Yao Bo , Song Ren‐Jie , Liu Yan , Xie Ye‐Xiang , Li Jin‐Heng , Wang Meng‐Ke , Tang Ri‐Yuan , Zhang Xing‐Guo , Deng Chen‐Liang
Published: June 2012

A novel palladium‐catalyzed CH oxidation of isoquinoline N‐oxides has been developed for regioselectively synthesizing substituted isoquinolines. The method represents the first example of using dialkyl sulfoxides as the alkyl sources for the construction of 1‐alkylated isoquinolines. Moreover, the regioselective halogenation of isoquinoline N‐oxides is also successful using dihalo sulfoxides as the halide sources.
The clinical spectrum of Castleman's disease
Authors: Dispenzieri Angela , Armitage James O. , Loe Matt J. , Geyer Susan M. , Allred Jake , Camoriano John K. , Menke David M. , Weisenburger Dennis D. , Ristow Kay , Dogan Ahmet , Habermann Thomas M.
Published: June 2012

Castleman's disease (CD) is a rare, poorly understood lymphoproliferative disease. The spectrum of symptoms and course of disease are broad, but there is no large study describing the natural history of this disease. Basic clinic and laboratory data from the records of 113 patients with CD evaluated at the Mayo Clinic and University of Nebraska were abstracted. The impact of these variables on overall survival (OS) from time of diagnosis was evaluated. Sixty patients had multicentric disease. Of the patients with multicentric CD, 32% had criteria sufficient for a diagnosis of POEMS syndrome. For all patients, 2, 5, and 10‐year OS was 92%, 76%, 59%, respectively. Most of the factors identified as risk factors for death on univariate analysis cosegregated with diagnostic criteria for POEMS syndrome, which supported the concept of four categories of CD, which are (along with their 5‐year OS): (1) unicentric CD (91%); (2) multicentric CD associated with the osteosclerotic variant of POEMS syndrome (90%); (3); multicentric CD without POEMS syndrome (65%); and (4) multicentric CD with POEMS syndrome without osteosclerotic lesions (27%). We have demonstrated that CD represents a spectrum of disease that can be differentiated by simple prognostic factors that provide a framework for further study. Am. J. Hematol. 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The impact of regulatory enforcement and consultation visits on workers' compensation claims incidence rates and costs, 1999–2008
Authors: Foley Michael , Fan Z. Joyce , Rauser Eddy , Silverstein Barbara
Published: June 2012

Background

Studies of regulatory effectiveness have shown mixed evidence of impact of inspections on injury rates. We examine changes in workers compensation claims rates and costs for Washington employers having either an inspection, with or without citation, or a voluntary consultation activity.

Method

We merge 10 years of enforcement and consultation activity with workers compensation records at the individual workplace level for stable firms with a single business location and at least 10 full‐time employees. The change in claims incidence rates (CIRs) was estimated, controlling for workplace claims rate history, size, and industry. Separate analyses were performed for non‐musculoskeletal and musculoskeletal (MSD) CIRs, claims costs and for enforcement activities with citation and without citation.

Results

Enforcement activities are associated with a significant reduction in CIRs and costs. Similar results may also be attributable to consultations. Inspections were associated with a 4% decline in time‐loss claims rates relative to uninspected workplaces. The effect strengthens when MSD claims are excluded. Citations for non‐compliance are associated with a 20% decline in non‐MSD CIRs relative to uninspected workplaces. There is also some evidence for a reduction in MSD claims rates beginning in the second year following inspection. Enforcement and consultation activity is associated with substantial decreases in claims costs.

Conclusions

Enforcement activities make a significant contribution to reducing CIRs and costs. Similar results following consultations may also exist. Inspections with citations are more effective than those without. Claims rates for non‐MSD injuries, related to hazards covered by specific standards, are more affected in the year following the visit, while those for MSDs take longer to begin falling. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:976–990, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Upper Midwest Health Study: Industry and occupation of glioma cases and controls
Authors: Ruder Avima M. , Waters Martha A. , Carreón Tania , Butler Mary A. , Calvert Geoffrey M. , Davis‐King Karen E. , Waters Kathleen M. , Schulte Paul A. , Mandel Jack S. , Morton Roscoe F. , Reding Douglas J. , Rosenman Kenneth D. ,   and the Brain Cancer Collaborative Study Group
Published: June 2012

Background

Understanding glioma etiology requires determining which environmental factors are associated with glioma. Upper Midwest Health Study case–control participant work histories collected 1995–1998 were evaluated for occupational associations with glioma. “Exposures of interest” from our study protocol comprise our a priori hypotheses.

Materials and Methods

Year‐long or longer jobs for 1,973 participants were assigned Standard Occupational Classifications (SOC) and Standard Industrial Classifications (SIC). The analysis file includes 8,078 SIC‐ and SOC‐coded jobs. For each individual, SAS 9.2 programs collated employment with identical SIC‐SOC coding. Distributions of longest “total employment duration” (total years worked in jobs with identical industry and occupation codes, including multiple jobs, and non‐consecutive jobs) were compared between cases and controls, using an industrial hygiene algorithm to group occupations.

Results

Longest employment duration was calculated for 780 cases and 1,156 controls. More case than control longest total employment duration was in the “engineer, architect” occupational group [16 cases, 10 controls, odds ratio (OR) 2.50, adjusted for age group, sex, age and education, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12–5.60]. Employment as a food processing worker [mostly butchers and meat cutters] was of borderline significance (27 cases, 21 controls, adjusted OR: 1.78, CI: 0.99–3.18).

Conclusions

Among our exposures of interest work as engineers or as butchers and meat cutters was associated with increased glioma risk. Significant associations could be due to chance, because of multiple comparisons, but similar findings have been reported for other glioma studies. Our results suggest some possible associations but by themselves could not provide conclusive evidence. Am. J. Ind. Med. 55:747–755, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Chronological and Morphological Study of Heart Development in the Rat
Authors: Marcela Salazar García , Cristina Revilla Monsalve María , Angel Palomino Garibay Miguel , Manuel Arteaga Martínez , Sofía Díaz‐Cintra , Patricia De La Rosa‐Santander , Bladimir Roque‐Ramírez , Concepción Sánchez Gómez
Published: June 2012

Adult and embryonic laboratory rats have been used as a mammalian model organism in biomedical research, descriptive and experimental cardiac embryology, and experimental teratology. There have been, however, considerable variations and discrepancies concerning the developmental staging of the rat embryo in the reported literature, which have resulted in several controversies and inconsistencies. Therefore, we carried out a careful anatomical and histological study of rat cardiac morphogenesis from the premorphogenetic period to the mature heart in a newborn pup. A correlation between the chronology and morphological features of the heart and embryo or newborn was made. We provide a simple and comprehensive guide relating the developmental timing and fate of the embryonic components of the heart and their morphological changes in the rat based on in vivo labeling studies in the chick. We also compare the timing of heart development in rats, humans, and mice. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
A chelate complex‐enhanced luminol system for selective determination of Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III)
Authors: Kim Kyung Min , Kim Young Ho , Oh Sang‐Hyub , Lee Sang Hak
Published: June 2012

A determination method for Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) ions by luminol‐H2O2 system using chelating reagents is presented. A metal ion‐chelating ligand complex with a Co(II) ion and a chelating reagent like ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) produced highly enhanced chemiluminescence (CL) intensity as well as longer lifetime in the luminol‐H2O2 system compared to metals that exist as free ions. Whereas free Cu(II) and Pb(II) ions had a strong catalytic effect on the luminol‐H2O2 system, significantly, the complexes of Cu(II) and Pb(II) with chelating reagents lost their catalytic activity due to the chelating reagents acting as masking agents. Based on the observed phenomenon, it was possible to determine Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) ions with enhanced sensitivity and selectivity using the chelating reagents of the luminol‐H2O2 system. The effects of ligand, H2O2 concentration, pH, buffer solution and concentrations of chelating reagents on CL intensity of the luminol‐H2O2 system were investigated and optimized for the determination of Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III) ions. Under optimized conditions, the calibration curve of metal ions was linear over the range of 2.0 × 10‐8 to 2.0 × 10‐5 M for Co(II), 1.0 × 10‐7 to 2.0 × 10‐5 M for Fe (II) and 2.0 × 10‐7 to 1.0 × 10‐4 M for Cr(III). Limits of detection (3σ/s) were 1.2 × 10‐8, 4.0 × 10‐8 and 1.2 × 10‐7 M for Co(II), Fe(II) and Cr(III), respectively. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Development and validation of an enantioselective LC‐MS/MS method to quantify enantiomers of (±)‐TAK‐700 in rat plasma: lack of in vivo inversion of (+)‐TAK‐700 (Orteronel) to its antipode
Authors: Gurav Sandip , Police Anitha , Zainuddin Mohd , Punde Ravindra Ramachandra , Dewang Purushottam , V Chandregowda , Kethiri Raghava Reddy , Rajagopal Sriram , Mullangi Ramesh
Published: June 2012

A highly sensitive, specific and enantioselective assay has been developed and validated for the estimation of TAK‐700 enantiomers [(+)‐TAK‐700 and (−)‐TAK‐700] in rat plasma on LC‐MS/MS‐ESI in the positive‐ion mode. Liquid–liquid extraction was used to extract (±)‐TAK‐700 enantiomers and IS (phenacetin) from rat plasma. TAK‐700 enantiomers were separated using methanol and 5 mm ammonium acetate (80:20, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.7 mL/min on a Chiralcel OJ‐RH column. The total run time was 7.0 min and the elution of (+)‐TAK‐700, (−)‐TAK‐700 and IS occurred at 3.71, 4.45 and 4.33 min, respectively. The MS/MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 308.2 → 95.0 for TAK‐700 and m/z 180.2 → 110.1 for IS. The standard curves for TAK‐700 enantiomers were linear (r2 > 0.998) in the concentration range 2.01–2015 ng/mL for each enantiomer. The inter‐ and intra‐day precisions were in the ranges 3.74–7.61 and 2.06–8.71% and 3.59–9.00 and 2.32–11.0% for (+)‐TAK‐700 and (−)‐TAK‐700, respectively. Both the enantiomers were found to be stable in a battery of stability studies. This novel method was applied to the study of stereoselective oral pharmacokinetics of (+)‐TAK‐700 and it was unequivocally demonstrated that (+)‐TAK‐700 does not undergo chiral inversion to its antipode in vivo. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The London Pathways Project: Evaluating the effectiveness of a consultation model for personality disordered offenders
Authors: Minoudis Philip , Shaw Jake , Craissati Jackie
Published: June 2012

Background

A recent government strategy has been developed to meet the challenges posed by personality disordered offenders. A ‘pathways project’ was piloted in four London boroughs to assess the implementation of some elements of the strategy.

Aims

This paper focuses on the scope and the effectiveness of 2 years of the project.

Method

Probation caseloads were screened for personality disorder. Risk information and pathways were monitored and recorded over 2 years. Psychologists provided consultation, training and direct co‐working as interventions.

Results

The findings include a description of the samples identified, the range of project activity, pathway outcomes and factors associated with or predictive of successes and failures.

Conclusions

The findings supported the implementation of the pathways model to fulfil aspects of the offender personality disorder strategy, such as facilitating entry into treatment and interventions and to a lesser extent planning safer return to the community. The consultation model, including low‐intensity direct contact with project psychologists, improved outcomes for personality disordered offenders.

Implications

Observations from experiences of the 2‐year pilot and ideas to assist with a wider implementation of the strategy are provided. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A joint offender personality disorder pathway strategy: An outline summary
Authors: Joseph Nick , Benefield Nick
Published: June 2012

Background and purpose

In 1999, the Home Office published a public consultation on the need for better management of offenders with severe personality disorders. The Dangerous and Severe Personality Disorder (DSPD) Programme was launched in 2001. Following a stocktake of the DSPD Programme in 2008, the Department of Health and the National Offender Management Service (NOMS) started the next phase of strategic development for the management of offenders with personality disorder. This paper presents the key features of the Coalition Government's strategy for offenders with personality disorders.

Conclusion

This strategy offers a co‐ordinated joint approach by both the National Health Service and the NOMS to the co‐commissioning and development of pathway services. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Structure and Magnetic Ordering of the Anomalous Layered (2D) Ferrimagnet [NEt4]2MnII3(CN)8 and 3D Bridged‐Layered Antiferromagnet [NEt4]MnII3(CN)7 Prussian Blue Analogues
Authors: Kareis Christopher M. , Her Jae‐Hyuk , Stephens Peter W. , Moore Joshua G. , Miller Joel S.
Published: June 2012

The reaction of MnII and [NEt4]CN leads to the isolation of solvated [NEt4]Mn3(CN)7 (1) and [NEt4]2Mn3(CN)8 (2), which have hexagonal unit cells [1: R$\bar 3$m, a=8.0738(1), c=29.086(1) Å; 2: P$\bar 3$m1, a=7.9992(3), c=14.014(1) Å] rather than the face centered cubic lattice that is typical of Prussian blue structured materials. The formula units of both 1 and 2 are composed of one low‐ and two high‐spin MnII ions. Each low‐spin, octahedral [MnII(CN)6]4− bonds to six high‐spin tetrahedral MnII ions through the N atoms, and each of the tetrahedral MnII ions are bound to three low‐spin octahedral [MnII(CN)6]4− moieties. For 2, the fourth cyanide on the tetrahedral MnII site is C bound and is terminal. In contrast, it is orientationally disordered and bridges two tetrahedral MnII centers for 1 forming an extended 3D network structure. The layers of octahedra are separated by 14.01 Å (c axis) for 2, and 9.70 Å (c/3) for 1. The [NEt4]+ cations and solvent are disordered and reside between the layers. Both 1 and 2 possess antiferromagnetic superexchange coupling between each low‐spin (S=1/2) octahedral MnII site and two high‐spin (S=5/2) tetrahedral MnII sites within a layer. Analogue 2 orders as a ferrimagnet at 27(±1) K with a coercive field and remanent magnetization of 1140 Oe and 22 800 emuOe mol−1, respectively, and the magnetization approaches saturation of 49 800 emuOe mol−1 at 90 000 Oe. In contrast, the bonding via bridging cyanides between the ferrimagnetic layers leads to antiferromagnetic coupling, and 3D structured 1 has a different magnetic behavior to 2. Thus, 1 is a Prussian blue analogue with an antiferromagnetic ground state [Tc=27 K from d(χT)/dT].
Cleanability of Food Contact Surfaces with Water Jets
Authors: Mauermann Marc , Majschak Jens‐Peter , Bley Thomas , Bellmann Cornelia , Calvimontes Alfredo , Caspari Anja
Published: June 2012

Der Einfluss der Eigenschaften von produktberührenden Oberflächen auf die Reinigbarkeit ist nicht nur in der Lebensmittelindustrie ein intensiv diskutiertes Thema. In diesem Beitrag werden Untersuchungsergebnisse zur Abhängigkeit der Reinigungsrate von der Oberflächenrauigkeit, Oberflächenenergie und den elektrostatischen Eigenschaften der zu reinigenden Oberfläche vorgestellt. Als Testverschmutzungen wurden auf die modifizierten Edelstahlproben verkleisterte Kartoffelstärke und denaturiertes Molkenprotein aufgetragen. Die Reinigung erfolgte mittels Flüssigkeitsstrahl aus einer Flachstrahldüse.
A sensitive period for shibboleths: The long tail and changing goals of speech perception over the course of development
Authors: Zevin Jason D.
Published: June 2012

It is clear that the ability to learn new speech contrasts changes over development, such that learning to categorize speech sounds as native speakers of a language do is more difficult in adulthood than it is earlier in development. There is also a wealth of data concerning changes in the perception of speech sounds during infancy, such that infants quite rapidly progress from language‐general to more language‐specific perceptual biases. It is often suggested that the perceptual narrowing observed during infancy plays a causal role in the loss of plasticity observed in adulthood, but the relationship between these two phenomena is complicated. Here I consider the relationship between changes in sensitivity to speech sound categorization over the first 2 years of life, when they appear to reorganize quite rapidly, to the “long tail” of development throughout childhood, in the context of understanding the sensitive period for speech perception. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals,Inc. Dev Psychobiol 54: 632–642, 2012.
Generation of uniform discharge by dielectric barrier discharge device in atmospheric‐pressure air
Authors: Osawa Naoki , Yoshioka Yoshio , Hanaoka Ryoichi , Mochizuki Yutarou , Kobayashi Yusuke , Yamada Yuta
Published: June 2012

We found that the generation of a uniform discharge in atmospheric‐pressure air was possible in the frequency range from 32 Hz to 1.1 kHz using alumina as a barrier material of the DBD (Dielectric Barrier Discharge) device. We also found that there is a voltage domain for the generation of the uniform discharge. The domain becomes wider with the increase of the frequency. If the applied voltage is slightly higher than the upper limit voltage of stable generation of a uniform discharge, the uniform discharge changes to a nonuniform FD (Filamentary Discharge). In order to clarify the mechanism of generation of the uniform discharge, we investigated how the barrier materials change the discharge mode by both photographic observation and analysis of electric circuit phenomena. We also carried out experiments with a DBD device, using a combination barrier of soda glass and alumina. In this case, the uniform discharge and the FD appeared alternately in every half cycle. As a result, it was found that a uniform discharge was generated when the alumina barrier was used and it acted as a cathode. From analysis of the gap voltage and the current, it was also found that the uniform discharge was an APTD (Atmospheric Pressure Townsend Discharge) characterized by electron avalanche. This paper presents the experimental results and discussions. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 180(4): 1–9, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21253
Cavity Effect on Perrhenate Recognition by Polyammonium Cages
Authors: Amendola Valeria , Alberti Giancarla , Bergamaschi Greta , Biesuz Raffaela , Boiocchi Massimo , Ferrito Stefania , Schmidtchen Franz‐Peter
Published: June 2012

The affinity of azacryptands towards perrhenate has been investigated by potentiometric, 1H NMR spectroscopic and ITC studies in aqueous solutions. The association constants could only be determined for the p‐xylyl and m‐xylyl azacryptands in the hexaprotonated form. The experimental results showed the outstanding affinity of the p‐xylyl cryptand for perrhenate, attributable to the geometric complementarity between the anion and the cavity of the receptor. Single crystals of the inclusion complex could also be obtained. The X‐ray diffraction studies indicate that the perrhenate anion is included in the cavity of the receptor and interacts with the ammonium groups by means of both direct and water‐mediated H‐bonding interactions. The receptors were also investigated in the presence of different anions (i.e. chloride, bromide, iodide, perchlorate and nitrate). The affinity trend demonstrates that the p‐xylyl cryptand cavity is more suitable to host large anionic guests such as perrhenate, perchlorate and iodide, despite their low density charge. On the contrary, nitrate, bromide and chloride fit better into the smaller cavity of the m‐xylyl cryptand. The higher affinity of the m‐xylyl cage towards chloride over that of perrhenate was also demonstrated by the crystal structure of the 1:1 adduct.
Self‐induced accumulation of glutamate in striatal astrocytes and basal ganglia excitotoxicity
Authors: Morales Ingrid , Rodriguez Manuel
Published: June 2012

Excitotoxicity induced by high levels of extracellular glutamate (GLU) has been proposed as a cause of cell degeneration in basal ganglia disorders. This phenomenon is normally prevented by the astrocytic GLU‐uptake and the GLU‐catabolization to less dangerous molecules. However, high‐GLU can induce reactive gliosis which could change the neuroprotective role of astrocytes. The striatal astrocyte response to high GLU was studied here in an in vivo rat preparation. The transient striatal perfusion of GLU (1 h) by reverse microdialysis induced complex reactive gliosis which persisted for weeks and which was different for radial‐like glia, protoplasmic astrocytes and fibrous astrocytes. This gliosis was accompanied by a persistent cytosolic accumulation of GLU (immunofluorescence quantified by confocal microscope), which persisted for weeks (self‐induced glutamate accumulation), and which was associated to a selective decrease of glutamine synthetase activity. This massive and persistent self‐induced glutamate accumulation in striatal astrocytes could be an additional factor for the GLU‐induced excitotoxicity, which has been implicated in the progression of different basal ganglia disorders. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural abnormalities in the dyslexic brain: A meta‐analysis of voxel‐based morphometry studies
Authors: Richlan Fabio , Kronbichler Martin , Wimmer Heinz
Published: June 2012

We used coordinate‐based meta‐analysis in order to objectively quantify gray matter abnormalities reported in nine Voxel‐Based Morphometry studies of developmental dyslexia. Consistently across studies, reduced gray matter volume in dyslexic readers was found in the right superior temporal gyrus and left superior temporal sulcus. These results were related to findings from previous meta‐analyses on functional brain abnormalities in dyslexic readers. Convergence of gray matter reduction and reading‐related underactivation was found for the left superior temporal sulcus. Recent studies point to the presence of both functional and structural abnormalities in left temporal and occipito‐temporal brain regions before reading onset. Hum Brain Mapp 34:3055–3065, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Preparation of Cu(OAc)2/MCM‐41 catalyst and its application in the one‐pot synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles in water
Authors: Hosseinzadeh Rahman , Sepehrian Hamid , Shahrokhi Farshid
Published: June 2012

An efficient one‐pot synthesis of 1,2,3‐triazoles via the three‐component coupling reaction between benzyl or alkyl bromides, terminal alkynes, and sodium azide in the presence of catalytic amounts of Cu(OAc)2/MCM‐41 catalyst has been described. This catalyst showed high catalytic activity and 1,4‐regioselectivity for the [3 + 2]Huisgen cycloaddition. This method avoids isolation and handling of organic azides, using water as a solvent, and catalyst recycling makes this synthesis a truly green procedure. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 23:415–421, 2012; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com. DOI 10.1002/hc.21031
The impact of dual enrollment on the institution
Authors: Kinnick Katherine N.
Published: June 2012

How do dual enrollment programs benefit colleges and universities? Using quantitative and qualitative measures, the director of Kennesaw State University's Dual Enrollment Honors Program demonstrates the program's value to the university and highlights program concerns and challenges.
Dual enrollment as a liminal space
Authors: Hofmann Eric , Voloch Daniel
Published: June 2012

This chapter addresses some of the tensions inherent to dual enrollment and relates them to larger challenges in higher education.
Reconstructive outcomes in patients with head and neck sarcoma
Authors: Chao Albert H. , Sturgis Erich M. , Yu Peirong , Skoracki Roman J. , Guadagnolo B. Ashleigh , Hanasono Matthew M.
Published: June 2012

Background

Limited data exist regarding reconstructive outcomes in patients with head and neck sarcoma.

Methods

A review of patients with head and neck sarcoma who underwent oncologic resection and microvascular free flap reconstruction between 2001 and 2010 was performed.

Results

In all, 133 patients were included in the study. The overall rate of perioperative complications was 30.1%, including a flap loss rate of 3.0%. The rate of late recipient site complications was 7.5% and occurred more frequently with postoperative radiation (19.0%) compared with preoperative radiation, prior radiation, and no radiation (5.3%, 3.0%, and 0%, respectively; p = .005). Most patients achieved intelligible speech (88.3%) and feeding tube independence (94.4%).

Conclusions

Good reconstructive outcomes can be attained in patients with head and neck sarcoma undergoing resection and free flap reconstruction. Preoperative radiation may be preferable to postoperative radiation in select cases due to fewer long‐term complications without an increased rate of complications or flap loss. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Ipsilateral and contralateral central lymph node metastasis in papillary thyroid cancer: Patterns and predictive factors of nodal metastasis
Authors: Lee Kyu Eun , Chung Il Yong , Kang Eunyoung , Koo Do Hoon , Kim Kyu Hyung , Kim Sung‐Won , Youn Yeo‐Kyu , Oh Seung Keun
Published: June 2012

Background

The aims of this study were to evaluate the rate and risk factors of ipsilateral and contralateral central lymph node (CLN) metastases in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Methods

A total of 161 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy with prophylactic CLN dissection (CLND) to treat PTC were enrolled.

Results

Of 134 total cases excluding tumors located in the isthmus and bilateral lobes, 72 cases (53.7%) involved CLN metastases. Tumor size, age, and sex were found to be predictive of ipsilateral CLN metastasis and the rate of ipsilateral CLN metastasis in tumors > 1 cm was 59.6%. Contralateral CLN metastases were more prevalent only in tumors that already had ipsilateral CLN metastases (27.3%, p = .002).

Conclusions

It is suggested that risk factors of ipsilateral and contralateral CLN metastases should be considered while planning the extent of CLND in patients with clinically node‐negative and unilateral PTC upon preoperative ultrasonography. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Endoscopic transpterygoid nasopharyngectomy: Correlation of surgical anatomy with multiplanar CT
Authors: Hosseini Seid Mousa Sadr , McLaughlin Nancy , Carrau Ricardo L. , Otto Bradley , Prevedello Daniel M. , Solares C. Arturo , Zanation Adam M. , Kassam Amin B.
Published: June 2012

Background

Oncologic resection of the nasopharynx is challenging due to its complex and deep‐seated nature. We aimed to illustrate the anatomic landmarks of endoscopic nasopharyngectomy and design a surgical training model that could facilitate learning of this technique.

Methods

An endoscopic endonasal dissection of the nasopharynx was completed in fresh cadaveric specimens under conditions similar to those of our operating suite. Digital data from a high‐resolution CT scan were imported to an image guidance system to be used during the dissections.

Results

We expanded the sinonasal corridor, harvested a contralateral nasoseptal flap, and exposed the pterygopalatine and infratemporal fossae. A detailed anatomic dissection of the nasopharynx was correlated to multiplanar images provided by the image guidance system, highlighting appropriate bony, neural, and vascular landmarks.

Conclusions

Understanding the anatomy‐based endoscopic modular approaches facilitates planning and safe execution of an oncologic nasopharyngectomy. Clinical experience remains mandatory because anatomic models fall short of clinical scenarios. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2013
Influence of pretreatment social support on health‐related quality of life in head and neck cancer survivors: Results from a prospective study
Authors: Howren M. Bryant , Christensen Alan J. , Hynds Karnell Lucy , Van Liew Julia R. , Funk Gerry F.
Published: June 2012

Background

Head and neck cancer and its treatment can have considerable impact on health‐related quality of life (HRQOL). The present study investigated whether social support, assessed before treatment, predicted HRQOL outcomes up to 12 months later in head and neck cancer survivors.

Methods

Using a prospective longitudinal design, patients (n = 364) were assessed on several clinical and psychosocial characteristics at diagnosis and then at 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up appointments. HRQOL was assessed with the Short Form Health Survey (SF‐36) and the Head and Neck Cancer Inventory (HNCI).

Results

Hierarchical multiple regression analyses demonstrated that greater perceived support present at diagnosis significantly predicted more favorable global and head and neck cancer‐specific HRQOL at 3‐ and 12‐month follow‐up.

Conclusion

Results suggest that adequate social support at diagnosis can have a significant, positive impact on HRQOL in head and neck cancer survivors. Thus, it may be useful to evaluate support resources at diagnosis in order to identify individuals at risk for poor HRQOL outcomes. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2012
Combined effect of genetic polymorphisms in phase I and II biotransformation enzymes on head and neck cancer risk
Authors: Lacko Martin , Voogd Adri C. , Roelofs Hennie M. J. , te Morsche Rene H. M. , Ophuis Michel B. Oude , Peters Wilbert H. M. , Manni Johannes J.
Published: June 2012

Background

Combinations of genetic polymorphisms in biotransformation enzymes might modify the individual risk for head and neck cancer.

Methods

Blood from 432 patients with head and neck cancer and 437 controls was investigated for genetic polymorphisms in 9 different phase I and II biotransformation enzymes. Analysis of the risk‐modifying effect was performed according to predicted enzyme activities, based on genetic polymorphisms in the corresponding genes.

Results

Combination of polymorphisms in COX‐2 or EPHX1 with high activity polymorphisms in UGT1A1, UGT1A6, or UGT1A7 showed a risk‐modulating effect in head and neck carcinogenesis, especially among heavy smokers and patients with laryngeal cancer. However, no additional effect for the combination of these polymorphisms was discovered when compared to the impact of polymorphism in UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A7 individually.

Conclusion

Predicted high activity polymorphisms in the phase II enzymes UGT1A1, UGT1A6, and UGT1A7 are associated with an increased risk of head and neck cancer. Head Neck, 2012
Multilevel modeling: Applications to research on the assessment of student learning, engagement, and developmental outcomes
Authors: Chen Pu‐Shih Daniel , Cragg Kristina
Published: June 2012

This chapter describes an institutional study of the effects of a learning community on student learning by utilizing multilevel modeling.