bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Problems of Children of Internal Labor Migrants in Modern China: Analysis of Recent Studies
Authors: Seliverstova Yulia A.
Published: March 2022

With China's urbanization and its development in market economy, mass rural-to-urban migration expanded over the past 35 years. The change in the forms of parental migration (from single to pair and then family) has led to significant shifts in the situation with rural children, putting forward new research issues. Consequently, children affected by internal labor migration have greatly increased in number, reaching over 100 million people (about 70 million continue to live in villages, and more than 35 million have moved to cities with their parents). Using data from international research published for the past 3 years, we more accurately determined main characteristics of left-behind and migrant-children. Being a vulnerable group in rural China, these children now are facing many problems in mental, physical and psychological development. Due to the differences in the environment in which children grow up we examined the existing approaches of scholars on the impact of internal labor migration on each group. For rural left-behind children the most acute issues are low academic performance, limited educational resources, and disruption in the process of socialization. While urban migration is related to the issues of inclusion in education, cultural isolation, and other psychological problems.
The Soviet Military Administration and the Creation of the North Korean Police in 1945
Authors: Lebedev Vasily
Published: March 2022

The liberation of Korea by the Red Army in August 1945 brought an end to the Japanese colonial rule and opened a new page in the history of Korea. However, the circumstances in which Korea met its liberation played a fateful role in the developments after the liberation. Division of the country into Soviet and American occupation zones became an essential background for the creation of two different political regimes. Their confrontation eventually led to the devastating Korean war, the consequences of which still vividly felt today across the 38th parallel.
This article focuses on the creation of the North Korean police force by the Soviet military administration. The police would become an important tool for establishing control over North Korea and will play important role in its political unification. Drawing from the Soviet archival evidence as well as several Korean-language sources this article argues that the creation of the North Korean police was not initially driven by political goals or goals of creating a military for the future North Korean regime. The evidence suggests that despite the direct nature of the Soviet control over North Korea, the creation of the police was primarily guided by the practical need of the Soviet command to overcome a number of serious issues that plagued North Korea from the very first days after the liberation.
One of the primary tools for the creation of the North Korean police force was the commandant offices. As the grassroots level organisation of the Soviet military administration tasked with implementing its policies, the commandant offices were directly responsible for monitoring and controlling the work of the police. Equally important, however, was their role in fighting the crimes committed by the soldiers and officers of the Red Army.
The features of German strategic pervasion to the Far East in the early 2020-s
Authors: Trunov Philipp
Published: March 2022

The phenomenon of the cold war is a form of a new world political order formation. In this context the paper issues Germany`s approach to the participation in the US — Chinese confrontation and the emergence of Bundeswehr`s presence in Asian-Pacific region as a part of German attempts to become а world power. The author stresses the unreadiness of Germany to participate in the «containment» of the PRC in 2014-2019 and presents the reasons of this approach, including the Сold war between the Euro-Atlantic community and Russia. The article reveals a group of factors that predetermined Germany's transition to accelerated variant of military penetration into the Far East in 2020-2021. These factors are the emergency evacuation of the Bundeswehr from Afghanistan, the COVID-19 pandemic, the coming to power of the Joe Biden`s administration. From February — March 2021 Germany has joined in putting pressure on China, but strictly limiting its volume and quality. The scientific paper researches the dynamics and the forms of German turn to advanced cooperation in the sphere of security and defence with Singapore and Japan at the turn of the 2010-s — 2020-s. The creation of AUKUS (2021, September 15) has become the strategic shock for Germany. This factor shows the illusory of official Berlin`s hopes for a complete rejection of Trump`s attitudes in US foreign policy by J. Biden. The paper pays special attention to the features and «narrow places» of German-Australian relations in military-political sphere since middle 2010-s until the beginning of 2020-s. In this regard the diplomatic mission of the first Bundeswehr`s war ship in the Pacific Ocean during the second half of 2021 is presented. The article concludes about the transformation of German military presence in the Far East and German participation in the Сold war in the region.
Safety of Dietary Undenatured Type II Collagen: A Pilot Open-Label Overdose Clinical Investigation
Authors: Shiojima Yoshiaki , Takahashi Megumi , Takahashi Ryohei , Moriyama Hiroyoshi , Maruyama Kazuo , Bagchi Debasis , Bagchi Manashi
Published: March 2022

Background: In advancing age population worldwide, joint discomfort and poor locomotive functions are symptoms, which are often detected. Aggravation of such symptoms potentially develops into osteoarthritis (OA) as characterized by the loss of articular cartilage in the joints of the hand, spine, knee, foot, and hip. For joint health complications, selected functional foods are frequently supplemented orally to alleviate such symptoms. In Japan, Foods with Function Claims (FFC) regulatory system is now positioned within the framework of “so-called health foods” allowing to make functional claims such as brain health and weight control claims. Moreover, a wide variety of knee joint care FFC products are presently available in the marketplace and have attracted much attention of the elderly people, expecting improvements in joint locomotive functions such as walking, sitting, standing, and climbing the stairs for the quality of life (QOL). Supplementation of undenatured type II collagen powder (NEXT-II®) in hard capsules has been clinically proven to improve such joint functions fulfilling part of the FFC rigorous guidelines, while ensuring adequate safety as foods is a crucial prerequisite for filing FFC product dossier.Methods: Twenty-two healthy male and female volunteers (age = 20-74 years) participated in this pilot open-label overdose clinical trial over a period of 4 consecutive weeks. All subjects were also monitored and assessed additional 2 weeks after the completion of the NEXT-II® supplementation period as washout or supplement-free period. Subjects took a 10-fold (10-X) dose of NEXT-II® (400 mg NEXT-II/day containing 32 mg of undenatured type II collagen/day). Daily recommended dose of NEXT-II® is 40 mg/day (containing 3.2 mg of undenatured type II collagen/day) after breakfast. Physical health examination, hematological analysis, blood ,biochemistry examination, and urinalysis were performed. All subjects completed the supplementation of NEXT-II® for 4 weeks and had additional 2 weeks of washout or supplement-free period. All subjects recorded daily diaries. Results: Results demonstrated no significant differences at 0 week (baseline), 2 weeks, and 4 weeks of NEXT-II®supplementation. Furthermore, no significant differences were observed even after 2 weeks of the washout period. No adverse events were observed.Conclusions: Supplementation of 10-fold dose of NEXT-II® to the volunteers was well-tolerated and exhibited the broad-spectrum safety without observing any adverse effects in healthy Japanese subjects.Keywords: Undenatured type II collagen, NEXT-II®, Safety, Overdose supplementation, Clinical study, Foods with Function Claims (FFC)
Influence of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis on Cognition in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Escobar Yael-Natalie H. , O’Piela Devin , Wold Loren E. , Mackos Amy R.
Published: March 2022

The gut microbiota is made up of trillions of microbial cells including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbial bodies and is greatly involved in the maintenance of proper health of the host body. In particular, the gut microbiota has been shown to not only be involved in brain development but also in the modulation of behavior, neuropsychiatric disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer’s disease. The precise mechanism by which the gut microbiota can affect the development of Alzheimer’s disease is unknown, but the gut microbiota is thought to communicate with the brain directly via the vagus nerve or indirectly through signaling molecules such as cytokines, neuroendocrine hormones, bacterial components, neuroactive molecules, or microbial metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids. In particular, interventions such as probiotic supplementation, fecal microbiota transfer, and supplementation with microbial metabolites have been used not only to study the effects that the gut microbiota has on behavior and cognitive function, but also as potential therapeutics for Alzheimer’s disease. A few of these interventions, such as probiotics, are promising candidates for the improvement of cognition in Alzheimer ’s disease and are the focus of this review.
Alterations in Self-Aggregating Neuropeptides in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Patients with Parkinsonian Disorders
Authors: Zhu Shaochun , Bäckström David , Forsgren Lars , Trupp Miles
Published: March 2022

Background: Parkinson’s disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA) present with similar movement disorder symptoms but distinct protein aggregates upon pathological examination. Objective: Discovery and validation of candidate biomarkers in parkinsonian disorders for differential diagnosis of subgroup molecular etiologies. Methods: Untargeted liquid chromatography (LC)-mass spectrometry (MS) proteomics was used for discovery profiling in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) followed by LC-MS/MS based multiple reaction monitoring for validation of candidates. We compared clinical variation within the parkinsonian cohort including PD subgroups exhibiting tremor dominance (TD) or postural instability gait disturbance and those with detectable leukocytes in CSF. Results: We have identified candidate peptide biomarkers and validated related proteins with targeted quantitative multiplexed assays. Dopamine-drug naïve patients at first diagnosis exhibit reduced levels of signaling neuropeptides, chaperones, and processing proteases for packaging of self-aggregating peptides into dense core vesicles. Distinct patterns of biomarkers were detected in the parkinsonian disorders but were not robust enough to offer a differential diagnosis. Different biomarker changes were detected in male and female patients with PD. Subgroup specific candidate biomarkers were identified for TD PD and PD patients with leukocytes detected in CSF. Conclusion: PD, MSA, and PSP exhibit overlapping as well as distinct protein biomarkers that suggest specific molecular etiologies. This indicates common sensitivity of certain populations of selectively vulnerable neurons in the brain, and distinct therapeutic targets for PD subgroups. Our report validates a decrease in CSF levels of self-aggregating neuropeptides in parkinsonian disorders and supports the role of native amyloidogenic proteins in etiologies of neurodegenerative diseases.
T Lymphocytes in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Contaldi Elena , Magistrelli Luca , Comi Cristoforo
Published: March 2022

T cells are key mediators of both humoral and cellular adaptive immune responses, and their role in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is being increasingly recognized. Several lines of evidence have highlighted how T cells are involved in both the central nervous system and the periphery, leading to a profound imbalance in the immune network in PD patients. This review discusses the involvement of T cells in both preclinical and clinical studies, their importance as feasible biomarkers of motor and non-motor progression of the disease, and recent therapeutic strategies addressing the modulation of T cell response.
Breast cancer survivorship and employment in Ireland: Legislative systems and the return to work of women with breast cancer
Authors: Algeo Naomi , Bennett Kathleen , Connolly Deirdre
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common invasive cancer in females worldwide. While work is important for well-being, 84% of women in Ireland temporarily or permanently cease working up to six months post-breast cancer diagnosis. Under Irish law, there is a right to reasonable work accommodations, however paid sick leave has only recently been state-mandated. Legislation internationally varies across nations. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of women who have had breast cancer returning to, and/or remaining in work, in the context of employment legislation. METHODS: Fifteen women with breast cancer, fifteen healthcare professionals, and nine employers nationwide participated in a qualitative-descriptive design, using semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and data analysed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Thirty-nine participants were recruited. A prominent theme from interviews was that most women with breast cancer and healthcare professional cohorts were not aware of employment rights in the context of cancer diagnoses. This is in contrast to employers. Experiences of sick leave and pay entitlements varied amongst women with breast cancer with financial pressure and expediated the return to work evident for some participants. Most women did not report any discrimination on returning to the workplace, although there were examples of indirect discrimination where unfair expectations were being placed on women by colleagues. CONCLUSIONS: Education and awareness on employment rights and entitlements during and after cancer treatment is warranted. This could be incorporated into work-focused interventions to support those living with and beyond cancer to transition back into the workplace.
Minimally invasive surgery and the risk of work-related musculoskeletal disorders: Results of a survey among Israeli surgeons and review of the literature
Authors: Michael Samer , Mintz Yoav , Brodie Ronit , Assalia Ahmad
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has many advantages for patients, however, it places surgeons at risk for Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD). Recently, the importance of prevention of such injuries and improvement of the ergonomics of the operating room is increasing. OBJECTIVES: To assess the prevalence of WMSD among minimally invasive surgeons in Israel, discuss the contributing factors and the overall awareness for ergonomic training. In addition, a review of the literature on the topic was conducted. METHODS: An online questionnaire was sent to the members of the Israeli Society of Endoscopic Surgery. The results were analyzed and summarized. For literature review, PubMed was used to search for English-language publications related to the issue. RESULTS: Of 83 respondents, the majority (77%) have considerable experience in MIS (more than 10 years). The prevalence of WMSD was 12% before beginning the practice of laparoscopy compared to 78% after 15–20 years of practice. Injury sites included back pain, neck and upper extremity (shoulder pain, tennis elbow and carpal tunnel syndrome) in 41%, 25% and 34% respectively. More than two thirds of responders unaware of possible ergonomic solutions and didn’t consider adopting any appropriate preventive measures. CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of WMSD among MIS surgeons is high and underestimated. There is a desperate need to prevent such morbidity among surgeons by increasing awareness and providing the means to improve their work environment. Surgeons should adhere to ergonomic recommendations for positioning of monitors, table height, posture, foot pedal placement and laparoscopic devices use.
Quantitative evaluation of chemical fume hoods performance by CO2 tracer gas
Authors: Ghorbani-Shahna Farshid , Feiz-Arefi Maryam
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Various chemical substances and carcinogens have been presented in medical sciences universities’ educational and research laboratories. For this purpose a suitable ventilation system had to be implemented to ensure the correct operation of the hoods. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of laboratory chemical fume hoods of the University of Medical Sciences using a novel quantitative method. METHODS: In this study, 43 chemical fume hoods were investigated in the laboratories of the University of Medical Sciences. The technical specifications of the hoods and their compliance with the standard have been investigated. The hoods face velocity was measured using a thermal anemometer. Quantitative evaluation was performed using the new method of CO2 tracer gas and the results were analyzed using SPSS software version 19. FINDINGS: The hoods presented both favorable and unfavorable results in terms of technical specifications and location. The results showed 50.2% of the hoods have visible leakage. Hood face velocity was not suitable for any of the hoods in the case fully open.when half open only 16.3% of the hoods and in the case of 25% open face, 34.9% of the hoods had a good velocity. Most hoods have CO2 leakage even at small amounts. CONCLUSIONS: the unsuitable performance of the hoods is mainly due to the unsuitability of the fans, furthermore investigation and correction of technical problems are required. The new quantitative method is a suitable method for routine evaluating chemical fume hoods and can replace the SF6 gas tracer method.
Functional movement screen did not predict musculoskeletal injury among emergency medical services professionals
Authors: Supples Michael W. , Brichler Kevin P. , Glober Nancy K. , Lardaro Thomas A. , O’Donnell Daniel P.
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: Emergency Medical Services (EMS) professionals frequently experience job-related injuries, most commonly overexertion or movement injuries. Data on injury reduction in EMS professionals is limited. The Functional Movement Screen (FMS) is a movement analysis tool suggested to predict musculoskeletal injury, but it has not previously been evaluated for EMS professionals. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of the FMS to predict musculoskeletal injury among EMS professionals. METHODS: In October 2014, EMS professionals employed in an urban third-service EMS agency volunteered to participate in FMS administered by certified screeners. Age, sex, height and weight were recorded. After screening, participants were instructed on exercises to correct movement deficiencies. We reviewed recorded injuries from 2013 to 2016. We performed descriptive statistics. With logistic regression modeling, we described factors that predicted musculoskeletal injury. We generated a receiver operating curve (ROC) for FMS prediction of musculoskeletal injury. RESULTS: 147 of 240 full-time employees participated in the FMS. Participants’ mean age was 33.7 years (SD = 9.6) and the majority (65%) were male. The median initial FMS score was 14 (IQR 11–16). Area under the ROC curve was 0.603 (p = 0.213) for FMS ability to predict any musculoskeletal injury within two years. Female sex was associated higher odds of injury (OR 3.98, 95% CI 1.61–9.80). Increasing age, body mass index (BMI) category, and FMS score≤14 did not predict musculoskeletal injury. CONCLUSION: The FMS did not predict musculoskeletal injury among EMS professionals.
Effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on dental interns in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Mohsin Syed Fareed , Shah Shahzad Ali , Agwan Muhammad Atif Saleem , Ali Saqib , Alsuwaydani Ziyad Ahmad , AlSuwaydani Saleh Ahmad
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has emerged as a global pandemic recognized by the World Health Organization. It has a significant impact on Saudi Arabia’s educational process, resulting in several universities suspending on-campus teaching, exams, and training. OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of COVID-19 on dental students’ examination, internship placement, and subsequent impact on preparedness and confidence. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted to gather data from dental interns in Saudi Arabia using a pre-tested online questionnaire. Convenient sampling was applied to collect data from 5th September to 15th September 2020. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive data were presented as frequency and percentages. The Chi-square test was used to evaluate the relationship between variables. RESULTS: Data of 409 dental interns from 8 dental schools reported that 209 (51%) participants’ exams were affected as the format was changed to online examination. 130 (31.8%) dental interns strongly agreed that assistance in hospitals during the outbreak of COVID-19 would complement their learning opportunities. Whereas 115(28.1%) respondents strongly agreed that dental schools’ measures to modify their curriculum were necessary. The impact of COVID-19 on dental intern preparedness discovered that the affected exams had a significant effect on final year students’ readiness to begin the internship (p = 0.042). Considering students’ confidence in starting the training earlier than expected, the student course had a statistically significant impact on their confidence (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: The current study demonstrates that COVID-19 had disrupted dental interns’ preparedness towards clinical rotation and decreased their confidence performing in the clinical setup. Due to being unprepared and having low confidence, most dental interns were not ready to start working in the hospital on time.
Vulnerabilities in workplace features for essential workers with breast cancer: Implications for the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Klugman Madelyn , Patil Sujata , Gany Francesca , Blinder Victoria
Published: March 2022

BACKGROUND: The coronavirus pandemic has highlighted the health and financial vulnerabilities of essential workers, especially among women. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to understand the workplace environment of essential workers. METHODS: We used data from a prospective cohort study of disparities in employment outcomes among women undergoing breast cancer treatment between 2010–2018 in New York City. We characterized participants as essential or non-essential based on self-reported occupation/industry and New York State executive orders issued during the pandemic. We compared job benefits and perceptions of workplace environment between groups. RESULTS: There were 563 participants: 341 essential and 222 non-essential workers. Essential workers less frequently reported access to disability pay through work [n(%): 148 (58) versus 130 (73), p < 0.01]. Essential workers in unions had greater availability of sick leave and disability pay than non-unionized essential workers (86% versus 53%, p < 0.01, and 76% versus 46%, p < 0.01, respectively). Health insurance differed by essential worker status (p < 0.01): essential workers more frequently had public insurance (29% versus 18%). Surprisingly, in multivariable analyses controlling for age, race/ethnicity, income, education, chemotherapy receipt, and comfort with English, essential workers were less likely to say their employer had treated them unfairly (p < 0.01). However, minorities were less likely to say their employer was accommodating (p = 0.03) and more likely to say their employer had treated them unfairly (p < 0.01) than Non-Latina Whites. CONCLUSIONS: We identified vulnerabilities in workplace protections, particularly among essential workers not in unions. Minority women more often had negative perceptions of their work environment, possibly reflecting employer bias.
A Transition to a Multipolar Monetary Order? Trends in Currency Concentration and Internationalization of the US Dollar, the Euro, and the Renminbi
Authors: Sadil Vojtěch , Sipko Juraj
Published: March 2022

The main aim of this study is to verify whether the current internationalmonetary system shows a transposition into a multipolar monetaryarrangement. The study is aimed at analysing the prospects of three keycurrencies (the American dollar, the Euro, the Chinese renminbi) in thecontext of their transposition to a multipolar monetary system. For thesecurrencies, the values of monetary concentration and those of the potentialof monetary internationalization were analysed. We used a new approachfor assessing the measurement potential of currency internationalization:the fuzzy-logic model. This approach includes economic and politicalfactors. The prospects of the selected currencies are examined in this studyin the context of the great economic lockdown. The conclusions confirm theexistence of a trend of transposition into a multipolar monetaryarrangement.
Boletín Económico Regional : Bogotá, IV trimestre de 2021
Authors:   Sección de Sucursales Regionales de Estudios Económicos
Published: March 2022

En el cuarto trimestre de 2021, la región Bogotá (Bogotá y Cundinamarca) mostró crecimiento anual en las actividades productivas, las remesas y el comercio exterior. La reactivación del consumo y la recuperación de la economía impulsaron el restablecimiento de la confianza industrial y comercial, así como el dinamismo en la construcción y el transporte. La demanda acelerada por bienes y servicios a nivel mundial y la aparición de una nueva cepa del virus, implicaron la disrupción en la cadena de suministro y algunos problemas para el abastecimiento de materias primas. En la región se observaron desafíos en el manejo de inventarios, el aplazamiento de ventas y aumento de costos. La tasa de desempleo continuó mejorando, mientras que la inflación presentó presiones al alza.
Interfaz Tiflotecnológica para asistir alumnos con discapacidad visual en el uso de un procesador de texto.
Authors: Sánchez Orea Alfonso , Navarro Guerrero María de los Ángeles , Escalante Vega Juana Elisa , Vargas Cerdán María Dolores , Álvarez Rodríguez Francisco Javier
Published: March 2022

Para considerar una verdadera inclusión de las personas con Discapacidad Visual (PDV) se debe privilegiar su superación laboral e intelectual; además de su independencia de movilidad. El manejo y transformación de la información a través de una computadora para participar en un ambiente educativo es de suma importancia para competir en el mercado profesional, en la búsqueda de incluir a las PDV en el uso de la tecnología se han desarrollado diversas herramientas computacionales educativas o de capacitación que utilizan como interfaz principal el teclado de una computadora. Este trabajo propone generar un paradigma alterno: la utilización del ratón para interactuar con la interfaz de un procesador de texto. Aunque este trabajo se enfoca al desarrollo de competencias para Computación Básica, su utilidad se puede extender a cualquier área educativa que requiera el uso de una computadora.

This paper presents, from a user-centered perspective, the selection of factors for a web tool that seeks to speed up the assessment of the collaborative process. In a first stage, twelve evaluation instruments for teamwork were reviewed, all together gathered 27 factors, which were filtered to determine which of them had the highest frequency in at least 50% or more of such instruments. The result of this stage reduced the assessment factors to 12 and these were submitted to the consideration of 186 students, who worked collaboratively, over a period of four months, intermittently. The results of this second stage reveal that of the 12 factors, five of them were rated as essential and six as very important. Only the factor “External communication” was considered as of regular importance.
Bold or shy? Examining the risk–taking behavior and neophobia of invasive and non–invasive house sparrows
Authors: Quesada J. , Chávez–Zichinelli C. A. , García–Arroyo M. , Yeh P. J. , Guevara R. , Izquierdp-Palma J. , MacGregor-Fors I.
Published: March 2022

Behavior provides a useful framework for understanding specialization, with animal personality aiding our understanding of the invasiveness of birds. Invasions imply dispersion into unknown areas and could require changes in behavior or spatial clustering based on personality. Reduced neophobia and increased exploring behavior could allow individuals to colonize new areas as they test and use non–familiar resources. Here, we hypothesized that house sparrow (Passer domesticus) individuals from invasive populations would exhibit bolder behavior than in non–invasive populations. We assessed risk taking and neophobia in male house sparrows in Barcelona (where it is considered native) and in Mexico City (where it has become widely invasive), captured in two different habitats, urban and non–urban. We assessed latency to enter an experimental cage and to explore it, and latency to feed and feeding time in the presence of a novel object. We found that sparrows from Mexico City, both from urban and non–urban areas, were quicker to enter the experimental cage than the sparrows from Barcelona. The time it took the birds to start exploring the cage gave a similar result. We found no differences between cities or habitats in the latency to feed and feeding time while exposed to a novel object. Our results partially support the view that the invader populations from Mexico City are bolder than those from Barcelona. Behavior is an important component of plasticity and its variability may have an important effect on adaptation to local situations. Future studies should disentangle the underlying mechanisms that explain the different personalities found in populations of different regions, contrasting populations of different densities, and taking different food availability scenarios into account.
Reexamining Syncretism in Late Antique Iconography of a Vault Mosaic
Authors: Dixon Sonia
Published: March 2022

Late  Antiquity,  third  to  seventh  centuries,  is  a  period  recognized for the continuity and change of Roman culture despite a  new  religion  and  political  instability.  This  continuity  allowed space for syncretism: an amalgamation of different art, religion,  and  culture  in  the  Empire. In the following pages, I discuss the understanding of a vault mosaic featuring a charioteer or solar figure within the necropolis in Vatican City, Rome, Italy. For this paper, I  use  material  culture  from  Rome  and  Constantinople that dates from the first to fourth centuries in order to contextualize the mosaic with other syncretic works of art and to demonstrate multiple readings of artworks. My focus for this paper is the vault mosaic found in Tomb M, built in the second century (Figure 2). I begin with an examination of the decorative programs of the necropolis including the room with the vault mosaic. Next, I briefly investigate iconographies of the ascension  to  demonstrate  a  concern with the afterlife by different audiences. Then, I analyze visual evidence of continuity and change in meaning of imperial iconography on material culture during the reign of Constantine I (r. 306–337) to show more examples of syncretic art by a single patron. My methodological approach decenters Christianity—a point to which I will return—seeking a more accurate contextualization of Late Antique material culture.
At the Center of the Globe: Empiricism and Empire in Jean-Baptiste Carpeaux's Fontaine des Quatres-Parties-du-monde
Authors: Mephokee Hoyon
Published: March 2022

In 1874,  Jean-Baptiste  Carpeaux’s  (1827-1875) Les  Quatre  Parties du monde soutenant la sphère céleste (The Four Parts of the World Supporting the Celestial Sphere), also referred to as the Fontaine des quatre-parties-du-monde (Fountain of the Four Parts of the World), was installed at the southern end of the Luxembourg Gardens in Paris (Figure 1). By interrogating the Fontaine’s site and iconography vis-à-vis the Second French Empire, this paper demonstrates that the monument  celebrated  science  as  constitutive  of  French  statecraft  and  empire-building  and  signaled  the  institutional  relationship of science and politics that justified and support-ed French colonialism. Thus, the Fontaine reveals itself to be a powerful  expression  and  agent  of  Napoléon  III’s  regime, as well as an embodiment of its contradictions; beneath the façade of objective and unbiased scientific empiricism, the Second Empire outwardly championed progressive ideals as it built and sustained itself on imperial and racial conservatism.
ANALISIS KADAR TIMBAL PADA PERONA BIBIR YANG BEREDAR DI LOKING (SIMPUR) BANDAR LAMPUNG DENGAN METODE SSA
Authors: Saputri Gusti Ayu Rai , Nofita Nofita , Ratnasari Cicih
Published: March 2022

Timbal pada kosmetik dapat diakibatkan sebagai kontaminan dari bahan bakuyang digunakan atau penggunaan pigmen yang mengandung timbal, selain itu timbal biasanya ditambahkan untuk sediaan warna.Temuan kosmetik berbahaya di dominasi oleh kandungan pewarna merah K3, merah K10, rhodamin, dan timbal yang banyak digunakan pada produk perona bibir, cemaran logam berat arsen, dan merkuri.Senyawa timbal organik umumnya masuk ke dalam tubuh melalui jalur pernafasan, dan atau penetrasi melalui kulit.Penyerapan lewat kulit ini dapat disebabkan karena senyawa ini dapat larut dalam minyak dan lemak.Pada umumnya timbal yang terdapat dalam sediaan sangat kecil maka untuk itu dipilih metode analisis yang mempunyai kepekaan sangat tinggi yaitu SSA.Karena SSA merupakan instrument yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis kuantitatif unsur-unsur logam dalam jumlah sekelumit (race) dan sangat sekelumit (ultra trace).Berdasarkan hasil analisis kadar logam timbal pada perona bibir kadar rata-rata yang diperoleh dari lima sampel yaitu : sampel A 1,66 mg/g, sampel B 0,15 mg/g, sampel C 1,39 mg/g, sampel D -0,11 mg/g, dan sampel E -0,38 mg/g. Sehingga apat disimpulkan bahwa kadar tersebut tidak melebihi kadar batas kadar yang telah ditetapkan oleh BPOM. Sedangkan pada analisa penandaan kemasan maka sampel tidak memenuhi persyaratan teknis kosmetika oleh BPOMKata Kunci : Perona Bibir; Timbal; SSA
UJI DAYA HAMBAT EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN DAN BATANG SAMBILOTO (Andhrographis paniculata) PADA PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI Salmonella thypi DENGAN METODE DIFUSI SUMURAN
Authors: Retnaningsih Agustina , Saputri Gusti Ayu Rai , Putri Riska Pandala
Published: March 2022

Tanamansambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) merupakan tanaman yang biasa digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk dijadikan obat herbal, karena efektif, efisien, aman dan ekonomis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui daun sambiloto dan batang sambiloto dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella thypi penyebab demam tifoid, maka dilakukan uji daya hambat ekstrak etanol daun dan batang sambiloto dengan menggunakan metodedifusi sumuran. Sampel yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Tumbuhan Sambiloto jenis Andrographis paniculata Nees dalam bentuk simplisia. Uji dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan dengan menggunakan masing-masing konsentrasi sebesar 20%, 40%, 60%,80%, dan 100%. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan tidak adanya daerah bebas kuman atau zona jernih disekitar lubang sumuran yang telah mengandung batang dan daun sambiloto. Kesimpulan hasil ini ialah ekstrak etanol daun dan batang Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees) tidak mempunyai efek antibakteri terhadap Salmonella thypi.Kata kunci: Daun dan Batang Sambiloto, Salmonella thypi, metode sumuran
How Green Marketing and Product Quality Influence Buying Interest Using Green Brand Image
Authors: Umam Gemuruh Chairul , Widodo Arry
Published: March 2022

IKEA is a company that implements a marketing strategy through the concept of green marketing. Now, IKEA Indonesia continues to expand by opening its newest branch, namely in West Java which is located in Kota Baru Parahyangan, this indicates that the public's interest and enthusiasm for what IKEA wants to offer with a green marketing strategy approach. This study aims to determine the effect of green marketing, product quality on buying interest through green brand image as an intervening variable. The method used quantitative with descriptive and causal research as well as SEM-PLS analysis method. The sampling technique used non-probability sampling technique with a total sample of 384 consumers IKEA Kota Baru Parahyangan. The results of descriptive analysis on green marketing, product quality, green brand image and buying interest are in good category and the results can be concluded that Green marketing has a positive effect on buying interest through green brand image as an intervening variable at IKEA Kota Baru Parahyangan. Product quality has a positive effect on buying interest through green brand image as an intervening variable at IKEA Kota Baru Parahyangan.
The 180/20 intermittent athletic test: A new intermittent track test to assess the maximal aerobic speed in middle-distance runners
Authors: Benhammou Saddek , Mourot Laurent , Coquart Jérémy , Belkadi Adel , Mokkedes Moulay Idriss , Bengoua Ali
Published: March 2022

Objective: The training of middle-distance runners is based on intermittent exercises. However, no study has proposed intermittent test to assess endurance performance for middle-distance athletes. The aims of the present study are 1) to develop a new specific testing for middle-distance runners entitled the 180/20 intermittent athletic test and to examine the validity of this test as compared to a standard continuous test 2) to check whether the maximal aerobic speed obtained from the 180/20 intermittent athletic test is related to the 800-m performance.

Methods: Nineteen male middle-distance runners (age: 21.3 ± 2.2 years, height: 1.75 ± 0.04 m, and body mass: 68.8 ± 3.8 kg) performed in a random order three ﬁeld-tests: a standard test, the 180/20 intermittent athletic test and 800-m time-trial. The new test consisted of repeated 180m distance runs interspersed with 20m of active recovery performed until exhaustion. The speed is increased by 0.5 km.h-1 every 200 m.

Results: The results of this study showed the maximal aerobic speed achieved during the new test was signiﬁcantly correlated to the maximal aerobic speed determined from a standard test (r = 0.82, p < 0.05) with low agreement limits (-1.69–1.48 km.h-1) without systematic bias (-0.10 km.h-1). The maximal aerobic speed in new test was better correlated to the 800-m running performance than the maximal aerobic speed achieved during a standard test (r = -0.78 and r = -0.66, respectively).

Conclusions: The 180/20 intermittent athletic test is a valid test for scheduling intermittent training sessions in middle-distance runners.
Analisis Penerapan Budaya Keselamatan Kerja dalam Pencegahan Kejadian Tertusuk Jarum
Authors: Arianingrum Tri Astuti Kusumawardani , Suwondo Ari , Setyaningsih Yuliani
Published: March 2022

Rumah sakit sebagai institusi pelayanan kesehatan harus mempunyai komitmen pada keselamatan pasien, pengunjung, staf, maupun pihak independen yang berada di lingkungan rumah sakit. Rumah sakit perlu meminamalisir potensi bahaya yang timbul akibat kecelakaan kerja ataupun penyakit akibat kerja yang sebagian besar terjadi akibat tertusuk jarum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis penerapan budaya keselamatan kerja dalam pencegahan kejadian tertusuk jarum di RSUP Dr. Kariadi Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Jumlah populasi sebanyak 1.171 perawat yang bekerja di ruang rawat inap. Metode sampel menggunakan simple random sampling dan besar sampel ditentukan menggunakan rumus slovin sejumlah 300 responden. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, terdapat korelasi signifikan pencegahan kejadian tertusuk jarum dengan komitmen manajemen (Pv=0,002), peraturan dan prosedur (Pv=0,000) serta perilaku pekerja (Pv=0,000), sedangkan komunikasi tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan. Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa faktor budaya keselamatan kerja dalam pencegahan kejadian tertusuk jarum yang paling berpengaruh adalah perilaku pekerja.
SELF-MONITORING CONTROVERSIES
Authors: Gailienė Irena
Published: March 2022

Nobody will out-argue the fact, that all of us are in social situations each day. Even being alone, we think over what impression we made on others, what we should do that the others valued us more favourably, that we were more attractive. Creation of good image and its preservation is very urgent in recent time period, when supply considerably exceeds demand in labour market, and a good impression directly affects job search, career success; when short-term interpersonal relations dominate, and communication, affiliation needs haven’t died out yet, and, searching for new contacts, we want to be attractive, emotionally accepted, loveable. Much information, various instructions can be found, on how to create a good impression, how to present yourself to the employers, how to expose the best qualities of your personality in the presence of the surrounding people. However, still too little is written and spoken about one of the essential factors of personality attractiveness – self-monitoring, i.e., analysis, checking and correction of verbal and non-verbal information sent about you, about your behaviour, comparing it with social norms, behavioural standards, other people’s reactions and expectations.
THE EFFECT OF THE TRAINING PROGRAMME ON STUDENTS MOTIVATION FOR RESEARCH ACTIVITY
Authors: Kozlova Natalia V. , Atamanova Inna V.
Published: March 2022

One of the main goals of higher professional education is to provide national communities with highly qualified human resource. In turn, the global challenge of transition to a knowledge-based society influences the national systems of professional training and predetermines a substantial increase in the role of innovations and scientific research in the countries’ economic and social progress. Therefore, it is essentially important that the system of professional education be aimed at developing students’ research competence in higher educational settings. As shown, the Russian students are mainly aware of the necessity of research work as a part of the educational curriculum and its importance. On the other hand, most of them do not have much interest in their own research projects. The paper discusses the problem of students’ motivation for research activity from the psychological-acmeological point of view. This approach seems to be beneficial since it takes into account the idea of sustainable development and lifelong learning. The study presented was aimed at evaluating the effect of the training programme on students’ motivation for research activity which was implemented into the educational process. The results of the programme implementation have shown a significant change in students’ motives for doing research among undergraduate students whose majors were natural sciences, mathematics and electrical engineering. Key words: higher professional education, personal and professional development, research activity, research-based teaching, students' motivation.
AN INVESTIGATION INTO FACTORS LEADING TO THE EXCLUSION OF PART TIME STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Mashiya Nontokozo
Published: March 2022

This article reports on Post Graduate Certificate in Education (PGCE) students’ experiences of learning as part time students in one South African Higher Education Institution. The aim of the study was to find out if part time students are fully included in the life of the university. This has been necessitated by the countries call for full inclusion of learners in teaching and learning. This study reveals the experiences and the feelings of students regarding the way they perceive teaching and learning as part time students. This is a qualitative study located within an interpretive paradigm. Two focus group interviews were conducted with PGCE students. These students were randomly selected from a pool of part time students. Each focus group consisted of six students. Data were transcribed and later were analyzed using phenomenological steps. The results suggest that in most cases part time students do not get the attention full time students get. There are some activities full time students are exposed to which cannot be done with full time students. This includes inadequate teaching and learning contact sessions and communication breakdown. Lecturers offered by guest lecturers who are experts in different fields are also one of the ways in which part time students are excluded. This study highlights the importance of equating services given to these students as stakeholders in higher education institutions (HEI). Without consideration of full inclusion of students into the full life of the entire institution, the aim of producing more and better teachers is unlikely to materialize. The study concludes by making necessary recommendations to remedy the situation.
Key words: exclusion, experiences, foundation phase students, full time students, higher education institution, part time students, services.
INTRODUÇÃO DOS INDICADORES DE KPI À LUZ DO LEAN KATA COACHING PARA A REDUÇÃO DOS ÍNDICES DE TURNOVER E ABSENTEÍSMO ATRAVÉS DA CAPACITAÇÃO DE FUNCIONÁRIOS NO ATENDIMENTO DOS PACIENTES DE UM HOSPITAL
Authors: Moreira Juan
Published: March 2022

O novo comportamento empresarial impulsionado pela globalização têm provocado crescentes mudanças em diversos setores das organizações. O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de analisar os benefícios adquiridos com a implantação da filosofia Lean Kata Coaching (LKC), reduzindo os índices de turnover e absenteísmo dos colaboradores que atuam diretamente no atendimento de um hospital localizado no interior do estado de São Paulo, que devido às questões de confidencialidade, foi designado neste trabalho como Hospital Beta. Por isso, a fim de tornar a concretização visível aos colaboradores da empresa, nessa análise foi utilizado formulários de maneira descritiva e qualitativa, pois essas formas pesquisa permitem maior interação com o cotidiano da linha de produção organizacional. Através desta pesquisa foi possível evidenciar os benefícios obtidos com a implantação do Lean Kata Coaching (LKC), já que ele se mostra eficiente para empresas prestadoras de serviço, como hospitais. Além disso, pode-se se evidenciar que através das diretrizes fornecidas por esta filosofia possibilitam a aquisição novas competências, elevando a motivação dos colaboradores perante os serviços prestados pelo hospital em evidência.
Palavras-Chave: Gestão por Competências. Indicadores Chave de Desempenho (KPI). Lean Kata Coaching. Atendimento. Hospital.
 
Abstract: The new business behavior driven by globalization has caused increasing changes in several sectors of the organizations. The present work will analyze the benefits gained from the implementation of the Lean Kata Coaching (LKC) philosophy, reducing turnover rates and absenteeism of employees who work directly in the care of a hospital located in the interior of the state of São Paulo, due to confidentiality issues, was designated as Hospital Beta. Therefore, in order to make the realization visible to employees of the company, in this analysis forms were used in a descriptive and qualitative way, because these research forms allow greater interaction with the daily production organizational line. Through this research it was possible to highlight the benefits obtained with the implementation of Lean Kata Coaching (LKC), since it is efficient for companies that provide service, such as hospitals. In addition, it can be evidenced that through the guidelines provided by this philosophy make it possible to acquire new competencies, raising the motivation of the employees before the services provided by the hospital in evidence.
Keywords: Management by Competences. Key Performance Indicators (KPI). Lean Kata Coaching. Attendance. Hospital.