bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rapid Scalable One‐step Production of Catalysts for Low‐Iridium Content Proton Exchange Membrane Water Electrolyzers
Authors: Venkatesan Suriya , Mitzel Jens , Ambu Sambal Shashank , Morawietz Tobias , Biswas Indro , Recalde Oscar , Adabifiroozjaei Esmaeil , Molina‐Luna Leopoldo , Estes Deven P. , Wegner Karsten , Gazdzicki Pawel , Gago Aldo Saul , Friedrich Kaspar Andreas
Published: November 2024

Proton exchange membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is a promising technology for green hydrogen production, although its widespread development with state‐of‐the‐art loadings is threatened by the scarcity of iridium (Ir). Homogeneous dispersion of Ir in an immiscible electro‐ceramic matrix can enhance catalytic mass activity and structural stability. The study presents IrySn0.9(1−y)Sb0.1(1−y)Ox solid solutions produced by highly scalable flame spray pyrolysis (FSP) process as efficient anode electrocatalysts for PEMWE, containing only 0.2 mg cm−2 of Ir in the catalyst layer (CL). Intense mixing of metal vapor and large thermal gradients in the precursor‐derived high‐temperature flame aids stabilizing sub‐nanoscale entropic mixing within self‐preserved 4–6 nm particles. Detailed investigations confirm that the one‐step prepared solid solution electrocatalysts exhibit up to fourfold higher activity toward the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) compared to Ir black. The anode of a PEMWE utilizing this catalyst exhibits high performance and stability over 2000 h but with tenfold lower Ir loading than the state‐of‐art.
High‐Entropy Phosphide Catalyst‐Based Hybrid Electrolyzer: A Cost‐Effective and Mild‐Condition Approach for H2 Liberation from Methanol
Authors: Zhao Xueting , Sun Wei , Liu Xi , Lu Zhiwen , Chen Kai , Gao Jiyuan , Chen Junxiang , Zhang Hao , Wen Zhenhai
Published: November 2024

Methanol as a hydrogen carrier provides a practical solution for H2 storage and transport, but traditional reforming faces challenges with low efficiency, CO2 emissions, and the need for specialized infrastructure. In this study, a reliable approach for fabricating low‐cost electrodes is presented by in situ growing high‐entropy phosphide nanoparticles on nickel foam (FeCoNiCuMnP/NF). This cost‐effective design is specifically engineered for alkaline methanol oxidation reactions (MOR), achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2 at an applied voltage of only 1.32 V, while also demonstrating exceptional selectivity for formate products. Advanced Monte Carlo (ML‐MC) simulations identify copper as the predominant surface element and highlight phosphorus coordination as a key factor in enhancing catalytic activity. The field is advanced with a pioneering hybrid acid/alkali flow electrolyzer system, integrating FeCoNiCuMnP/NF anode and commercial RuIr/Ti cathode to enable indirect hydrogen liberation from methanol. This system requires an electrolytic voltage as low as 0.58 V to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and remains stable for hydrogen liberation over 300 h of operation. This achievement not only offers a highly efficient alternative to indirectly liberate H2 stored in methanol but also establishes a new benchmark for sustainable and economically viable H2 production.
Stabilizing Wide‐Bandgap Perovskite with Nanoscale Inorganic Halide Barriers for Next‐Generation Tandem Technology
Authors: Kim Sunwoo , Im Doyun , Yun Yeonghun , Vidyasagar Devthade , Yang Sung Woong , Choi Won Chang , Gunasekaran Rajendra Kumar , Lee Sangheon , Kim Yong Tae , Woo Mun Young , Kim Dong Hoe , Noh Jun Hong , Heo Jaeyeong , Chung Roy Byung Kyu , Lee Sangwook
Published: November 2024

Wide‐bandgap (WBG) perovskite solar cells (PSCs) play a crucial role in advancing perovskite‐based tandem solar cells. In WBG perovskite films, grain boundary (GB) defects are the main contributors to open‐circuit voltage (VOC) deficits and performance degradation. This report presents an effective strategy for passivating GBs by incorporating an inorganic protective layer and reducing the density of GBs in perovskite films. This is achieved by integrating potassium thiocyanate (KSCN) into I‐Br mixed halide WBG perovskites. It is reported for the first time that the incorporation of KSCN creates band‐shaped barriers along the GBs. In addition, KSCN enlarges the grains of perovskite film. Elemental and structural analyses reveal that these barriers are composed of potassium lead halide. Incorporating KSCN significantly enhances the fill factor and VOC of WBG single‐junction PSCs by reducing trap density. This results in high power conversion efficiencies of 19.22% (bandgap of 1.82 eV), 20.45% (1.78 eV), and 21.54% (1.70 eV) with a C60/bathocuproine electron transport layer, and 18.51% (1.82 eV) with a C60/SnO2. Furthermore, both operational and shelf stabilities are significantly improved due to reduced light‐induced halide segregation. By using inorganic‐halide‐passivated WBG sub‐cells, a monolithic all‐perovskite tandem solar cell with an efficiency of 27.04% is demonstrated.
A MXene Modulator Enabled High‐Loading Iodine Composite Cathode for Stable and High‐Energy‐Density Zn‐I2 Battery
Authors: Li Dandan , Zhu Ying‐Jie , Cheng Long , Xie Sida , Yu Han‐Ping , Zhang Wei , Xu Zhenming , Ma Ming‐Guo , Li Heng
Published: November 2024

Achieving both high iodine loading cathode and high Zn anode depth of discharge (DOD) is pivotal to unlocking the full potential of energy‐dense Zn‐I2 batteries. However, this combination exacerbates the detrimental shuttle effect of polyiodide intermediates, significantly impairing the battery's reversibility and stability. Herein, this study reports an advanced high‐loading iodine cathode (denoted as MX‐AB@I) enabled by a multifunctional Ti3C2Tx MXene modulator, which presents high stability and energy density in Zn‐I2 batteries. Through comprehensive experimental and theoretical analyses, the intrinsic regulating mechanisms are elucidated by which the MXene modulator effectively suppresses polyiodide shuttling, enhances iodine conversion kinetics, and dramatically improves Zn anode reversibility. With the aid of the MXene modulator, the MX‐AB@I composite cathode achieves a high iodine mass loading of 23 mg cm−2 and realizes a practically high areal capacity of 4.0 mAh cm−2. When paired with a thin Zn anode (10 µm), this configuration realizes a high Zn DOD of 78.7% and a high energy density of 171.3 Wh kg−1, surpassing the majority of Zn‐I2 battery systems reported in the literature. This study presents an effective approach to designing high‐loading iodine cathodes for Zn‐I2 batteries by leveraging MXene modulators to regulate critical electrochemical reaction processes.
Anatase‐reinforced PtZn@Silicalite‐1 structured catalysts boosting propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Xia Liming , Zhang Bofeng , Hou Gang , Zhang Shuo , Wang Li , Liu Guozhu
Published: November 2024

Structured catalysts exhibit the advantages of high diffusion efficiency and low heat transfer resistance, which have attracted increasing attention to non‐adiabatic gas–solid process. However, the metal‐supported coating catalysts face the problems of weaker bond strength and severe sintering, especially under the conditions of large flow rate and high temperature. Herein, metal@Silicalite‐1 structured catalysts with high adhesion and thermal stability were successfully prepared by hydroxylating the substrate with anatase. Rich surface Ti‐OH significantly strengthened the adhesion stability of the zeolite coating. In propane dehydrogenation reaction, the optimized PtZn@S‐1‐15Ti showed a high specific activity of 49.6 molC3H6·molPt−1·s−1 with propylene selectivity above 99% at 600°C. The introduction of anatase accelerated the aggregation of silicon sources and induced nucleation with growth content of zeolite increased by 3.6 times. It breaks the inherent contradiction between high loading amount and strong binding ability of coated catalysts, which broadens the avenues for industrial applications.
Clinical significance of complete remission and measurable residual disease in relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma patients treated with T‐cell redirecting immunotherapy
Authors: Zabaleta Aintzane , Puig Noemi , Cedena Maria‐Teresa , Oliver‐Caldes Aina , Perez José J. , Moreno Cristina , Tamariz‐Amador Luis‐Esteban , Rodriguez‐Otero Paula , Prosper Felipe , Gonzalez‐Calle Veronica , López‐Corral Lucía , Rey‐Búa Beatriz , Puertas Borja , Mirás Fátima , Sánchez‐Pina José María , López‐Muñoz Nieves , Juan Manel , González‐Navarro E. Azucena , Urbano Álvaro , de Larrea Carlos Fernández , Blade Joan , Lahuerta Juan‐José , Martinez‐Lopez Joaquín , Mateos Maria‐Victoria , San Miguel Jesús F. , Paiva Bruno
Published: November 2024

The impact of measurable residual disease (MRD) in relapse/refractory multiple myeloma (RRMM) patients treated with T‐cell redirecting immunotherapy is uncertain. We analyzed MRD dynamics using next‐generation flow in 201 patients treated in clinical trials with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells and T‐cell engagers (TCE). Achieving MRD negativity at 10−6 was associated with 89% reduction in the risk of progression and/or death. Survival outcomes were improved in patients with sustained versus transient MRD negativity and were dismal in those who remained MRD positive. The intent‐to‐treat MRD negative rates were higher in patients treated with CAR T cells versus TCE. However, among patients achieving MRD negativity, there were no differences in survival outcomes when stratified according to treatment with CAR T cells versus TCE. In multivariate analysis including the number of prior lines of treatment, International Staging System, cytogenetic risk, extramedullary disease and type of T‐cell redirecting immunotherapy, only the complete remission (CR) and MRD statuses showed independent prognostic value for progression‐free and overall survival. In conclusion, our study shows that deep and sustained MRD negative CR is the most relevant prognostic factor and should be considered as the treatment endpoint in RRMM patients treated with CAR T cells and TCE.
Ultrasmall Fe3O4 Nanoparticles on ZrO2 as Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation to Lower Olefins
Authors: Alghamdi Huda S. , Sanhoob Mohammed A. , Ajeebi Afnan M. , Aziz Md. Abdul , Nasiruzzaman Shaikh M. , Voon Lee Hwei
Published: November 2024

Organic synthesis presents significant opportunities for converting the abundant and hazardous carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere into a more sustainable carbon source. To reduce the carbon footprint, we explored the direct hydrogenation of CO2 to lower (C2‐4=) olefins using various catalysts composed of ZrO2‐supported alkali‐metal‐promoted superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs; Fe3O4). These catalysts are notable for their straightforward preparation; we employed a cost‐effective dry‐mixing method to create a range of alkali metal‐doped SPIONs supported on ZrO2. Results showed that the strong interactions between Fe3O4 and the ZrO2 support enhanced CO2 hydrogenation performance compared to other forms.. Under optimal conditions – using a gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) of 4500 mL/h/gcat. and a feed ratio of H2:CO2=3 : 1 – this catalyst achieved over 22 % CO2 conversion and high selectivity for light (C2–4=) olefins at 30 bar and 375 °C, with 30 wt% Fe3O4 loading on ZrO2 and 2 wt% K promoter. We also investigated several variables, including alkali metal concentration, iron content, reaction conditions, and catalyst stability over 96 hours.
Mechanosynthesis of Enaminones and Mechanochemical Telescopic Synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated Butyrolactams
Authors: Evangelista Edson , Cunha Silvio
Published: November 2024

The stereoselective mechanochemical synthesis of Z‐enaminones and bis‐enaminones was achieved without any solid component in most cases, reacting 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds with aliphatic/aromatic primary/secondary amines, which demonstrates the viability of reacting exclusively liquid reagents. The scale‐up was robust, from five to fifty and five hundred mmol without reduction in the reaction yield. The mechanochemical telescopic synthesis of β,γ‐unsaturated butyrolactams was achieved by formal [3+2] azaanulation reaction of intermediate enaminone with maleic anhydride, boosting the access of this potentially bioactive class of compound. The mechanochemical approach revealed its sustainable face in both syntheses, avoiding solid grinding auxiliary and purification by column chromatography. A symbol was suggested to differentiate the representation of the planetary ball mill from other mechanochemical reactors, wherein three spheres are surrounded by two curved arrows representing the two inherent movements of planetary trajectories of the reaction vessel of this equipment.
A Comprehensive Review on Construction of Biologically Active α‐Carbolines From Synthetic And Natural Origin.
Authors: Gupta Ankur , Khanal Pratiksha , Laha Joydev K.
Published: November 2024

α‐Carboline is an important scaffold present in various synthetic and naturally obtained bioactive compounds possessing a wide range of pharmacological properties. Hence, in the current comprehensive review, we intend to present the main routes to the synthesis of α‐carboline analogs based on various pathways such as pyrrole, benzene, and pyridine ring annulation. The pathways include either or combinations of transition metal‐catalyzed amination/arylation, Graebe‐Ullmann reaction (thermal pyrolysis, photochemical cyclization), Diels‐Alder cycloaddition and condensation reactions, N‐Heterocyclic carbene catalysed reactions, decarboxylative annulation, etc. of substituted benzene, pyridine, quinoline, and indole derivatives in order to compare the potential of synthetic routes of this series and consolidate the development, current status and perspectives for the design of α‐carboline analogs. Various pharmacological and spectroscopy functions of the compounds belonging to this class are summarized herewith. It also discusses the synthesis of functionalized bioactive naturally obtained hetero‐annulated α‐carbolines.
Organic Circularly Polarized Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence: Strategies, Applications and Challenges
Authors: Zou Xin , Gan Nan , Gao Yaru , Gu Long , Huang Wei
Published: November 2024

Organic circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) plays crucial roles in chemistry and biology for the potential in chiral recognition, asymmetric catalysis, 3D displays, and biological probes. The long‐lived luminescence, large Stokes shift, and unique chiroptical properties make organic circularly polarized room‐temperature phosphorescence (CPP) a new research hotspot in recent years. Nevertheless, achieving high‐performance organic CPP is still challenging due to the sensitivity and complexity of integrating triplet excitons and polarization within organic materials. This review summarizes the latest advances in organic CPP, ranging from design strategies and photophysical properties to underlying luminescence mechanisms and potential applications. Specifically, the design strategies for generating CPP are systemically categorized and discussed according to the interactions between chiral units and chromophores. The applications of organic CPP in organic light‐emitting diodes, sensing, chiral recognition, afterglow displays, and information encryption are also illustrated. In addition, we present the current challenges and perspectives on developing organic CPP. We expect this review to provide some instructive design principles to fabricate high‐performance organic CPP materials, offering an in‐depth understanding of the luminescence mechanism and paving the way toward diverse practical applications.
Bioinspired “Intermolecular Pocket” in Soft Molecular Crystal of Porous Organic Cage Exhibiting Reversible Guest Recognition
Authors: Zhang Laiyu , Lei Qiong , Yi Mao , Zhang Zhiyuan , Lian Xin , Xu Jian , Zhang Shuo , Li Lin , Li Baiyan , Bu Xian‐He
Published: November 2024

Porous Organic Cages (POCs) have gathered a lot of attention in sorts of fields. Previous studies often focused on the functionalization of their intrinsic porosity, while the utilization of the extrinsic porosity has been seldom reported. To date, the rational construction of functionalized extrinsic porosity in POCs is a serious challenge, which still relies on trial and error. Inspired by hydrophobic proteins, in the contribution, a POC (namely NKPOC‐DS) is obtained with hydrophobic “intermolecular pocket” as extrinsic porosity constructed through the assembly of disulfide bonds with hydrophobic groups, facilitating strong supramolecular interactions as confirmed by Electrostatic Potential (ESP) maps and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Notably, NKPOC‐DS exhibits a unique C2H6‐selective “breathing behaviour” due to the presence of softness in its extrinsic porosity, which does not extend to other gases such as C2H4, CH4, CO2, N2, and H2. Such specific recognition of C2H6 thus provides NKPOC‐DS with the ability to preferentially adsorb C2H6 from a C2H6/C2H4 mixture. The innovative approach of biomimicry in the design of functional POCs provides new insights into manipulating the packing of cages, paving the way for potential applications in guest recognition and adsorption separations.
Design, Synthesis, ssDNA Binding Affinities, and Evaluation of Novel Metal‐Centered Ferrocene as an Effective Antimicrobial and DNA Cleavage Agent
Authors: Dikim S. , Sarı N. , Özdemir F. , Arslan S.
Published: November 2024

Metal (Co3+, Ni2+, and Pt2+)–centered and noncentered ferrocene–Schiff bases were prepared. They have been structurally characterized by spectroscopic methods, elemental analysis, conductivity, and magnetic moment. Electron spin resonance was used for the characterization of the Co3+‐centered complex. All synthesized compounds showed antibacterial activity against all tested Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative strains, as well as potent antifungal effect against Candida species. Remarkably, these compounds demonstrated greater efficacy against Gram‐positive bacteria than Gram‐negative. Without an additional oxidant or reductant, the compounds exhibited DNA cleavage capability in the dark. The development of synthesized novel chemical compounds having DNA cleavage and antimicrobial activity plays a profound role in the advancement of medical therapeutics.
The Impact of Coordination Distortion on Magnetic Properties of Co (II) Single‐Ion Magnets With Trigonal Prism Coordination Geometry
Authors: Peng Guo , Peng Yong‐Bo , Zhou Guo‐Xing , Zhang Rong‐Yan , Ma Ying‐Zhao , Luo Shuchang , Ren Xiao‐Ming
Published: November 2024

Two Co (II) compounds [Co (abs)2]·2H2O (1) and [Co (pabs)2] (2) (Habs = N‐(pyridine‐2′‐yl methylene)‐2‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid, Hpabs = N‐[(pyridine‐2′‐yl)(phenyl)methylene]‐2‐aminobenzene sulfonic acid) were synthesized by the introduction of sulfonate ligands with different substitutions. Both Co (II) ions are located in a trigonal prism coordination environment with different coordination distortions. Static magnetic studies and theoretical calculations found that easy‐axis magnetic anisotropy is present in both complexes. The contributions of the negative D values are principally derived from the first quartet excited state. Dynamic magnetic investigations uncovered that both compounds have field‐induced single‐ion magnet (SIM) behavior and their magnetic relaxations mainly realize through Raman and direct pathways.
Synthesis and Characterization of Cobalt–Organic Framework as an Electrocatalyst for Water Splitting Application
Authors: Abdelwahab Mohamed A. , Mohamed Gehad G. , Zayed Mohamed A. , Eliwa Ayman S.
Published: November 2024

Climate change is seen as a crucial environmental dilemma that humanity will confront in the upcoming decade. For this purpose, the solvothermal‐assisted technique is used to create metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), which are porous materials characterized by strong connections between organic ligands and metal ions. The MOF discussed here contains cobalt as the metal node and a linker derived from 2‐aminobenzoic acid and terephthalaldehyde. The prepared powder underwent analysis using various techniques including Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), powder X‐ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area measurement, and thermal analysis. BET analysis revealed a surface area of 1587.06 m2/g, a total pore volume of 0.86394 cc/g, and an average pore size of 1.088 nm. The RGO@Co‐MOF prepared was utilized to evaluate water splitting efficiency, demonstrating favorable catalytic activity like most reported modified MOF catalysts under low current density conditions of 10 mA/cm2.
Sumac liposomes/mesenchymal stem cells fight methotrexate‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats via regulating Nrf‐2/Keap‐1/HO‐1 and apoptotic signaling pathways
Authors: Zahran Eman Maher , Mohyeldin Reham H. , Refaat Hesham , Abou‐Zied Hesham A. , ElNaggar Mai H. , Abbas Ghada M. , Maher Sherif A. , Saber Entesar Ali , Zarka Mohamed A. , Elrehany Mahmoud A. , Abdelmohsen Usama Ramadan
Published: November 2024

Methotrexate (MTX) is commonly employed in cancer treatment, but its clinical use is restricted due to the MTX‐associated renal injury. This study investigates the combined potential of Rhus coriaria (sumac) and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) against MTX‐induced nephrotoxicity in rats. The high‐resolution‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (HR‐LC‐MS) of sumac extract tentatively identified 22 phytochemicals, mostly flavonoids, anthocyanins, and steroids. Preparation of sumac liposomes attained a suitable particle size of 3041.33 ± 339.42 nm, a polydispersity index of 0.208 ± 0.086, and an encapsulation efficiency of 84.92 ± 3.47%. Rat BMMSCs were injected into the tail vein of the experimental rats (0.5 × 106 cells, intravenous [iv]) of seven treated groups. The experimental design relies on either pre‐ or posttreatment of rats with intraperitoneal (IP) sumac liposomes (SL) (200 mg/kg, daily with a dose of MTX (300 µg/kg/14 days). The histopathological examination and serum analysis of creatinine and urea revealed good results, besides regulating levels of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. Additionally, a significant decrease in the gene expression levels of B‐Cell Lymphoma 2 (Bcl‐2) and caspases‐3 and −9, a remarkable increase in the Bcl‐2 Associated X‐Protein (Bax), nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 (Nrf2), and heme‐oxygenase 1 expression, and a downregulation of Kelch‐like ECH‐associated protein 1 (Keap1). Collectively, the coadministration of SL with BMMSCs might be a potent therapeutic strategy for attenuation of MTX‐induced renal damage. The network pharmacology analysis identified the involved key hub genes as KEAP1, Nrf2, HMOX1, mitogen‐activated protein kinase (MAPK1), nuclear factor‐kappa B (NF‐KB), interleukin‐1 beta (IL‐1B), and caspase‐3. The docking results revealed strong binding affinities of 7‐O‐methyl‐cyanidin‐3‐O‐(2″‐galloyl)‐galactoside with Keap1 and amentoflavone with MAPK. These insights pave the way for future experimental validation and therapeutic development of sumac‐based phytoconstituents against MTX‐induced nephrotoxicity.
Dysprosium‐Doped Glass‐Ceramics From the System Na2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐B2O3‐Dy2O3
Authors: Koseva I. , Tzvetkov P. , Ivanov P. , Gancheva M. , Nikolov V.
Published: November 2024

Glasses from the system Na2O‐Al2O3‐SiO2‐B2O3‐Dy2O3 are prepared with three different concentrations of the Dy3+ ion—0.5, 1, and 2 at%. Glass‐ceramics are obtained after thermal treatment of the parent glass at 580°С and 630°С during 2, 5, and 24 h. The crystallizing phases, the crystallinity degree, and the nano crystalline size are determined. The crystallizing phases after thermal treatment are NaAlSiO4 in two different modifications and Na3B3O6. XRD analyses show the presence of third unknown phase in some samples. Emission and excitation spectra of the glass‐ceramics show the characteristic peaks of Dy3+ (4F9/2 → 6H15/2, 4F9/2 → 6H13/2 and 4F9/2 → 6H11/2 at 483, 575, and 668 nm, respectively). The yellow peak is dominating in all samples. The spectra show different intensity depending on the Dy3+ concentration, temperature, and time of the thermal treatment. This result suggests that the emission color can be controlled by these three factors.
Calcium Channel Blocker Versus Renin–Angiotensin System Inhibitor in Risk of Kidney Cancer Among Patients With Hypertension: A Propensity Score‐Matched Cohort Study
Authors: Jung Minji , Li Shufeng , Deng Zhengyi , Li Jinhui , Li Mingyi , Basran Satvir , Langston Marvin E. , Chung Benjamin I.
Published: November 2024

Background

Use of antihypertensive medications could be associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer. Despite their various mechanisms of action, whether this association differs between different classes of medications remains unclear.

Objective

The objective of this study is to compare the risk of kidney cancer between first‐line treatment options of antihypertensive medications in a hypertensive population.

Method

In this retrospective cohort study, we used the MarketScan Databases (2007–2021). We included individuals older than 30 years of age with a diagnosis of hypertension who received first‐line medications for hypertension, which included three classes: angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB), and dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (dCCB). We applied a propensity score matching method and created three separate cohorts: (1) ARB versus ACEI, (2) dCCB versus ACEI, and (3) dCCB versus ACEI. For non‐dCCB, we repeated the analyses. The primary outcome was kidney cancer incidence. To assess kidney cancer risk, we applied multivariable conditional Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

In the first cohort, ARB use was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer compared to ACEI use (hazard ratio [HR] 1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.02–1.18). In the second cohort, dCCB use was associated with an increased risk of kidney cancer compared to ACEI use (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.18–1.40). In the third cohort, dCCB use was associated with a higher risk of kidney cancer compared to ARB use (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.28). Null association was shown when comparing non‐dCCB with ACEI or ARB use.

Conclusion

Use of dCCB showed a higher risk of kidney cancer compared to ACEI or ARB use in patients with hypertension.
Physicochemical Characteristics of ‘Wushan Plum’ Subjected to Three Drying Methods
Authors: Tan Si , Xin Guangzhen , Ding Xiang , Li Wenfeng
Published: November 2024

In this study, the effects of hot air drying (HAD), freeze‐drying (FD), and air‐impingement jet drying (JD) on the physicochemical characteristics of ‘Wushan plum’ were analyzed. The results indicated three drying methods affected the browning, ascorbic acids, phenolic compounds, and antioxidant activities. The ascorbic acid content in HAD, FD, and JD samples was1.75±0.38, 5.88±0.56, and 4.73±0.75 mg/100 g, respectively, and the content of total phenolic compounds was 2.76±0.10, 3.05±0.04, and 2.83±0.24 mg/g, respectively. HAD samples had the lowest antioxidant activities as determined by DPPH⋅, ABTS+⋅, and FRAP assays. In addition, 11 phenolic compounds in ‘Wushan plum’ were quantified by UPLC‐QqQ‐MS/MS. The results showed that quercetin glycoside was the main compound, and its content was significantly reduced by these three drying methods. In all, this result indicated that JD would be a good choice for dying ‘Wushan plum’ considering the drying time, drying efficiency, and the integrated quality of the dried sample.
Analysis and Prediction of Chymotrypsin Substrate Preferences through Large Data Acquisition with Target‐Free mRNA Display
Authors: Iskandar Sabrina E. , Guan Lindsey , Maini Rumit , Hipolito Christopher J. , Sun Congliang , Vasicek Lisa A. , Sindhikara Dan , Weinglass Adam , Adrian Saldanha S.
Published: November 2024

Oral delivery of peptide therapeutics is limited by degradation by gut proteases like chymotrypsin. Existing databases of peptidases are limited in size and do not enable systematic analyses of protease substrate preferences, especially for non‐natural amino acids. Thus, stability optimization of hit compounds is time and resource intensive. To accelerate the stability optimization of peptide ligands, we generated large datasets of chymotrypsin‐resistant peptides via mRNA display to create a predictive model for chymotrypsin‐resistant sequences. Through analysis of enriched motifs, we recapitulate known chymotrypsin cleavage sites, reveal positionally dependent effects of monomers on peptide cleavage, and report previously unidentified protective and destabilizing residues. We then developed a machine‐learning‐based model predicting peptide resistance to chymotrypsin cleavage and validated both model performance and the NGS experimental data by measuring chymotrypsin half‐lives for a subset of peptides. Finally, we simulated stability predictions on non‐natural amino acids through a leucine hold‐out model and observed robust performance. Overall, we demonstrate the utility of mRNA display as a tool for big data generation and show that pairing mRNA display with machine learning yields valuable predictions for chymotrypsin cleavage. Expansion of this workflow to additional proteases could provide complementary predictive models that focus future peptide drug discovery efforts.
Impact of Antioxidants on Mechanical Properties and ROS Levels of Neuronal Cells Exposed to β‐Amyloid Peptide
Authors: Vaneev Alexander N. , Gorelkin Petr V. , Barykin Evgeny P. , Kolmogorov Vasilii S. , Timoshenko Roman V. , Mitkevich Vladimir A. , Petrushanko Irina Yu. , Varshavskaya Ksenia B. , Salikhov Sergey V. , Klyachko Natalia L. , Makarov Alexander A. , Erofeev Alexander S.
Published: November 2024

This study aims to investigate the potential role of antioxidants in oxidative stress and its consequent impact on the mechanical properties of neuronal cells, particularly the stress induced by amyloid‐beta (1–42) (Aβ42) aggregates. A key aspect of our research involved using scanning ion‐conductance microscopy (SICM) to assess the mechanical properties (Young's modulus) of neuronal cells under oxidative stress. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) level was measured in single‐cell using the electrochemical method by low‐invasive Pt nanoelectrode. We investigated the effects of the low molecular weight antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) and the antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) on the physiological and mechanical properties of neuronal cells using SICM. Using electrochemical method and SICM, NAC effectively reduces oxidative stress and restores Young's Modulus in SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to hydrogen peroxide and Aβ42 oligomers. Our study first examined the influence of SOD1 on intracellular ROS levels in the presence of Aβ oligomers. The investigation into the effects of SOD1 and its nanoparticle form SOD1 on SH‐SY5Y cells reveals impacts on mechanical properties and oxidative stress. The combined use of SICM and electrochemical measurements provided a comprehensive understanding of how oxidative stress, including that triggered by the Aβ oligomers affects the mechanical properties of cells.
Dilemma Diagnosis Between Pulmonary Embolism and Amniotic Fluid Embolism During First Stage of Labor—A Case Report
Authors: Killinger Kristina , Riedel Fabian , Fiedler Mascha O. , Müller Thomas , Wallwiener Markus , Wallwiener Stephanie , Elsässer Michael , Weigand Markus A. , Böckler Dittmar , Erhart Philipp , Grieshaber Philippe , Hackert Thilo , Germann Günter , Scholz Anna Sophie
Published: November 2024

We report the sudden onset of dyspnea and loss of consciousness and fetal bradycardia in a middle‐aged obese nulliparous woman at 39 weeks of gestation during first stage of labor leading to the decision for emergency cesarean section. Still during surgery, the mother underwent cardiac arrest. Transesophageal echocardiography during resuscitation showed right ventricular failure leading to the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. Return of spontaneous circulation was achieved after emergency administration of thrombolysis with alteplase and cardiopulmonary resuscitation after 40 min. Severe bleeding, coagulopathy and persistent right ventricular failure resulted in persistent hemodynamic instability leading to supracervical hysterectomy and veno‐arterial extracorporal life support. Both mother and baby survived without hypoxic brain injury.
Dynamic Process Fault Detection and Diagnosis Method Based on Factor Analysis: Application on the Three‐Tank System Process
Authors: Zhang Cheng , Xu Ze‐hao , Lao Yu‐yu , Li Yuan
Published: November 2024

To address the issue of underreporting faults in the detection of tiny faults by dynamic factor analysis (DFA), a novel fault detection and diagnosis method based on DFA‐sliding window combined with mean square error (DFA‐SWMSE) is proposed. Firstly, the data matrix is augmented by introducing time lag shifts. Secondly, factor analysis (FA) is applied to the augmented data matrix, achieving dimensionality reduction and feature extraction while retaining most of the original data's information. Then, the sliding window technique is applied to calculate the mean square error of the dimensionally reduced data, allowing for the monitoring of the system's current state and the detection of tiny faults. Finally, effective fault diagnosis is achieved through the analysis of fault factors and variable contributions. The proposed method is validated using a complex dynamic numerical example and a three‐tank system process named Sim3Tanks. This system has gained widespread application in the field of process fault detection due to its ability to simulate and generate various types of faults. The proposed method is compared with principal component analysis (PCA), dynamic principal component analysis (DPCA), PCA similarity factor (SPCA), FA, and DFA. The experimental results thoroughly validate the effectiveness of the proposed method in detecting and diagnosing tiny faults in dynamic processes.
Mechanochemical Halogenations and Rearrangement of Sydnones: Insight into Reaction Conditions and Mechanism
Authors: Luttringer Florian , Pétry Nicolas , Clot Eric , Bantreil Xavier , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: November 2024

New mechanochemical methods for sydnone halogenation and insights into an efficient ring rearrangement yielding 1,3,4‐oxadiazolin‐2‐ones by heated ball‐milling are reported herein. Using equimolar amounts of N‐chlorosuccinimide (NCS), oxone and sodium chloride, 3‐phenylsydnone was quantitatively chlorinated in short reaction time and high yields. Moreover, an efficient method for the bromination of sydnones was developed by mixing equimolar amount of N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS), Ac2O and a sydnone in a vibratory ball‐mill, in the absence of solvent, with excellent yields and a reduced environmental impact. When the reaction was heated while milling, a fast and efficient ring rearrangement into 1,3,4‐oxadiazolin‐2‐ones was observed. Insights concerning the mechanism of the reaction under solvent‐less conditions, supported by DFT calculations, are discussed. The scope of this reaction, including solid anhydrides, is presented.
Actin Isovariant ACT2‐Mediated Cellular Auxin Homeostasis Regulates Lateral Root Organogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana
Authors: Hanzawa Aya , Rahman Arifa Ahamed , Rahman Abidur
Published: November 2024

Lateral root (LR) organogenesis is regulated by cellular flux of auxin within pericycle cells, which depends on the membrane distribution and polar localization of auxin carrier proteins. The correct distribution of auxin carrier proteins relies on the intracellular trafficking of these proteins aided by filamentous actin as a track. However, the precise role of actin in lateral root development is still elusive. Here, using vegetative class actin isovariant mutants, we revealed that loss of actin isovariant ACT8 led to increased lateral root formation. The distribution of auxin within pericycle cells was altered in act8 mutant, primarily due to the altered distribution of AUX1 and PIN7. Interestingly, incorporation of act2 mutant in act8 background (act2act8) effectively nullified the LR phenotype observed in act8 mutant, indicating that ACT2 plays an important role in LR development. To explore further, we investigated the possibility that the act8 mutant's LR phenotype and cellular auxin distribution resulted from ACT2 overexpression. Consistent with the idea, enhanced lateral root formation, altered AUX1, PIN7 expression, and auxin distribution in pericycle cells were observed in ACT2 overexpression lines. Collectively, these results suggest that actin isovariant ACT2 but not ACT8 plays a pivotal role in regulating source‐to‐sink auxin distribution during lateral root organogenesis.
Maximizing Oxygen Evolution Performance of NiFeOx Semitransparent Electrocatalysts Applicable to Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Device
Authors: Yoshiyama Koichi , Higashi Tomohiro , Xiao Tian , Yoshino Kenji
Published: November 2024

In photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting, semiconductor‐based photoelectrodes can improve reaction rates and durability by incorporating cocatalysts that serve as active sites for the water splitting process. However, achieving both high light transmittance and efficient catalytic activity is essential for these cocatalysts. This study aimed to optimize the surface loading of semitransparent NiFeOx thin‐film electrocatalysts to enhance the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) rates while maintaining high light transmittance. NiFeOx thin films were deposited on fluorine‐doped SnO2 (FTO) transparent conductive substrates, and the relationship between the NiFeOx loading amount (Γ) and the OER rate was examined using electrochemical techniques. The OER rate of NiFeOx on FTO (NiFeOx/FTO) was the highest at a Γ value of 0.20 μmol cm−2. To further explore the connection between this optimized Γ and PEC activity, the impact of Γ on the PEC OER performance of visible‐light‐absorbing α‐Fe2O3 semitransparent photoanodes was evaluated as a model system. Applying the optimized Γ of NiFeOx to modify the α‐Fe2O3 surface also led to enhanced PEC OER performance. These findings highlight the critical role of surface design, specifically the optimization of cocatalyst loading and electrocatalytic activity, in improving PEC water splitting efficiency, providing valuable guidelines for future semitransparent photoelectrode development.
Mean‐field limit of non‐exchangeable systems
Authors: Jabin Pierre‐Emmanuel , Poyato David , Soler Juan
Published: November 2024

This paper deals with the derivation of the mean‐field limit for multi‐agent systems on a large class of sparse graphs. More specifically, the case of non‐exchangeable multi‐agent systems consisting of non‐identical agents is addressed. The analysis does not only involve PDEs and stochastic analysis but also graph theory through a new concept of limits of sparse graphs (extended graphons) that reflect the structure of the connectivities in the network and has critical effects on the collective dynamics. In this article some of the main restrictive hypothesis in the previous literature on the connectivities between the agents (dense graphs) and the cooperation between them (symmetric interactions) are removed.
Cloud Elasticity of Microservices‐Based Applications: A Survey
Authors: Fourati Mohamed Hedi , Marzouk Soumaya , Jmaiel Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Elasticity is an essential treatment in Cloud environment employed in academic and industrial contexts. The main purpose of elasticity is to reduce the deployment cost while optimizing computing resources. Multiple studies were conducted to tackle classic applications using monolithic architecture deployed with virtual machines (VMs). However, with the spread of microservice pattern, recent studies have been investigating this new trend using containers. This paper classifies and discusses existing approaches dealing with cloud elasticity. It provides a novel taxonomy for elastic approaches while focusing on microservices‐based solutions. We additionally specify the strength and the shortcomings of each class of works. As a conclusion, we report the challenges for microservices‐based applications elasticity and provide requirements for future investigations.
On the Nature of the Out‐of‐Plane Distortions in Subporphyrins
Authors: Haripriya Jayakumari , Anjana Ajikumar , Harikrishnan Jayachandran , Pancharatna Pattath D.
Published: November 2024

The field of subporphyrins has garnered great interest in recent years owing to its unique structure and associated properties. They exhibit spectroscopic features similar to porphyrins and find applications in various optoelectronic devices, photodynamic therapy etc. Most of the synthesized subporphyrins have boron coordination with an axial ligand and exhibits a bowl‐shaped geometry. The first isolation of a stable free‐base subporphyrin is achieved recently with mesityl groups at two of the meso positions and anthracene at the other. X‐ray studies reveal a markedly non‐planar structure different from the bowl shape and is attributed to the steric hindrance of the inner N−H bonds. Herein, we report a systematic quantum chemical investigation assisted by symmetry principles on molecular models to characterize the out‐of‐plane (OOP) distortions observed so far in subporphyrins and unveil the electronic reasons. Correlation of the frontier molecular orbital (FMO) landscape between the D4h porphyrin and D3h subporphyrin gives insight into their electronic structure relative to one another and the nature of OOP distortions. Further the effect of a π‐donor and σ‐acceptor substituent at the meso/β positions of the subporphyrin ring as well as the impact of boron incorporation in the central cavity on the OOP distortions are also discussed.
Two‐Dimensional π‐d Conjugated Conductive Metal‐Organic Framework with Triple Active Centers as High‐Performance Cathodes for Flexible Zinc Batteries
Authors: Ding Hong , Liu Ping , Liu Chengyu , Li Tiantian , Guo Wen , Xie Haijiao , Wang Gang , Gu Tiantian
Published: November 2024

Conductive metal‐organic frameworks (C–MOFs) have received extensive interest in high‐performance zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) owing to multi‐redox sites and high electrical conductivity. Here, we present a π−d C–MOF by coordinating 2,3,5,6‐tetraaminobenzoquinone (TABQ) ligands with Cu2+ ions (2D Cu‐TABQ) acting as cathodes for ZIBs. Benefiting from a triple active center (Cu2+, C=O, and C=N), 2D Cu‐TABQ shows an ultra‐high reversible capacity of 297.7 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1. Meanwhile, 2D Cu‐TABQ also has superior cycle stability with a capacity of up to 98.2 mAh g−1 after 1000 times at 2.0 A g−1. Considering the instability of the ligand bonds of C–MOFs in aqueous electrolytes, this work uses gel electrolytes to reduce the dissolution of organic ligands into the electrolyte, thus suppressing the shuttle effect, significantly improving the cycling stability of 2D Cu‐TABQ. The flexible battery assembled by 2D Cu‐TABQ shows excellent capacity retention (64.4 %) after 50 times at 0.2 A g−1, which is significantly better than 36.4 % in the common electrolyte, as well as outstanding bending resistance and electrochemical properties at different folding angles. This investigation will highlight the electrochemical application of C–MOFs in flexible zinc ion batteries and offer novel ideas for the structural design of cathodes with multiple active centers.
Progress on Photo‐, Electro‐, and Photoelectro‐Catalytic Conversion of Recalcitrant Polyethylene, Polypropylene, and Polystyrene ‐ A Review
Authors: Boruah Bhanupriya , Lopez‐Ruiz Juan A.
Published: November 2024

Recalcitrant waste plastics such a polyethylene, polypropylene, and polystyrene are difficult to recycle and are mostly disposed of in landfills and eventually leached into the environmental as micro‐ and nano‐plastics. This review explores how photo‐, electro‐, and combined photoelectro‐catalytic processes can assist in the degradation and upcycling of waste plastic into different chemicals and mitigate their release to the environment. In this work, we discuss how the different reaction mechanisms proceed, explore the current relevant literature, and highlight the developments needed to advance the field.
Persistence of activated anti‐mesothelin hYP218 chimeric antigen receptor T cells in the tumour is associated with efficacy in gastric and colorectal carcinomas
Authors: Mir Sameer , Venugopalan Abhilash , Zhang Jingli , Nair Nishanth Ulhas , Sengupta Manjistha , Khanal Manakamana , Stathopoulou Chaido , Jiang Qun , Hassan Raffit
Published: November 2024

Patients with advanced gastric and colorectal cancers have limited treatment options. Since mesothelin is highly expressed in these tumour types, we evaluated the therapeutic benefits of anti‐mesothelin hYP218 CAR T cells alone, and in combination with anti‐PD1 antibody, pembrolizumab.

GEPIA analysis was performed using human gastric (n = 408) and colon cancer tumours (n = 275) in TCGA database, to evaluate mRNA expression of mesothelin, compared to normal tissues. Mesothelin expression in gastric and colorectal cancer cell‐lines (n = 5) was analysed using flow cytometry. In vitro efficacy by hYP218 CAR T cells was tested by cytotoxicity and cytokine release assays. In vivo anti‐tumour efficacy of hYP218 CAR T cells alone, and in combination with pembrolizumab, was evaluated in NSG mice bearing human gastric (HGC27) and colorectal (SW48) tumour xenografts. Additionally, hYP218 CAR‐T cell persistence, activation and exhaustion marker‐expression were studied.

Mesothelin expression was significantly higher in gastric and colon cancer biopsies compared to normal tissues (p < .005). Mesothelin expression in gastric and colon cancer cell lines ranged from 10 000 to 70 000 molecules per cell. hYP218 CAR T cells demonstrated strong cytotoxic activity at low effector to target ratio, ranging from 0.24 to 1.0. In NSG mouse‐models, hYP218 CAR T cells demonstrated anti‐tumour efficacy and persisted in the tumour microenvironment in a functional state at day 40 posttreatment with expression of activation markers CD39 and CD69, increased production of IFN‐γ and TNF‐α and ability to kill tumour cells in vitro when isolated from tumours. There was increased PD1 expression. In combination with pembrolizumab, hYP218 CAR T cells led to slower tumour growth in NSG mice bearing large but not small HGC27 tumours. Anti‐tumour efficacy of hYP218 CAR T cells is due to increased accumulation of activated CAR T cells in the tumour and combination with pembrolizumab resulted in improvement in anti‐tumour activity of large established tumours.

Highlights

Mesothelin expression is significantly higher in gastric and colorectal cancers than normal tissues.

hYP218 CAR T cells demonstrate strong anti‐tumour activity against mesothelin‐positive gastric and colorectal carcinomas.

Activated hYP218 CAR T cells persist in the tumour microenvironment and retain their cytotoxic activity.

Addition of pembrolizumab in larger tumours enhance CAR T cell efficacy.
Energy‐Aware Power Control Scheme For Water Quality Monitoring Systems
Authors: Susan Philip Merin , Singh Poonam
Published: November 2024

This research introduces an innovative power management approach for wireless sensor networks in aquatic environmental monitoring. The study presents a dynamic algorithm that optimizes energy consumption in long range (LoRa) communication nodes by adaptively adjusting transmission power based on sensor–gateway distances. Leveraging GPS data and a log‐normal shadowing model, the method enables efficient power allocation. Field testing in an aquaculture setting demonstrates the energy‐aware power control (EAPC) algorithm's efficacy. Nodes at 500 m from gateways achieve up to 39% reduction in power consumption compared to fixed‐power systems. At 1250 m, savings decrease to 22%, and at 1500 m, to 11%, while maintaining reliable communication. This research advances sustainable aquatic resource management, offering applications in aquaculture, environmental conservation, and water resource management. By optimizing power usage, the approach contributes to more effective long‐term monitoring of aquatic environments.