bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunneled dialysis line‐associated hemorrhagic shock following self‐inflicted trauma in a hemodialysis patient: A case report
Authors: Bogdan Lucia , Malavade Tushar
Published: June 2022

Complications of tunneled central venous catheters (CVCs) for hemodialysis are frequent, and most commonly include bacteremia, thrombosis, and stenosis. While bleeding is a relatively rare complication of dialysis lines overall, tunneled CVCs may present a unique bleeding risk given their ability to be displaced or damaged as patients have direct access to the equipment in place. Here, we describe the case of a 68‐year‐old man with end‐stage renal disease and neurocognitive disorder, who developed hemorrhagic shock following self‐inflicted laceration of his tunneled dialysis catheter proximal to the Y. Examination of the catheter tunnel revealed that the cuff was palpable proximal to the exit site, but the opening was well retracted. In such cases, hemorrhage is particularly difficult to control because the cuff is rigid and poorly amenable to compression, in addition to being difficult to access. This case demonstrates the risk of significant hemorrhage when a tunneled CVC is damaged at this location and the potential need for the urgent removal of the retained component to prevent recurrence of bleeding. It also highlights important patient safety considerations given the risk of self‐inflicted trauma in patients with a neurocognitive disorder and a language barrier affecting communication.
Transforming and extending library services by embracing technology and collaborations: A case study
Authors: Wheeler Terrie R. , Delgado Diana , Albert Paul J. , Ben Maamar Sarah , Oxley Peter R.
Published: June 2022

Technology advances and collaborations with information technology and computer science groups have enabled library services to expand into new domains. Listening to user needs, eliminating administrative burden and saving users time remain strong foundations on which to build new library services enabled by technology. Examples of what is now possible is described, including service to user groups, successes, failures and challenges. Although technology advances have enabled library service enhancements to all user groups, special emphasis on new library services in support of the research enterprise is discussed. As Lindberg and Humphreys predicted in 2015, the research enterprise's need for responsible curation of research data has created new opportunities for library services and examples of those services are discussed. As technology continues to advance, new library services are expected to emerge. These may include regulatory and compliance services. By developing these services with user feedback to save users time and expedite their work, and in collaboration with technology experts, libraries can expect to offer sustainable and valued services for years to come.
Locally adapted migration strategies? Comparing routes and timing of northern wheatears from alpine and lowland European populations
Authors: Meier Christoph M. , Rime Yann , Lisovski Simeon , Buchmann Martin , Liechti Felix
Published: June 2022

The northern wheatear Oenanthe oenanthe has an almost circumpolar breeding distribution in the Northern Hemisphere, but all populations migrate to sub‐Saharan Africa in winter. Currently, tracking data suggest two main access routes to the northern continents via the Middle East and the Iberian Peninsula. These routes would require detours for birds breeding in the European Alps. Our aim was to map the migration routes and determine annual schedules for birds breeding in Switzerland and Austria, using light level geolocators. We compared their migration patterns with birds from a lowland breeding population in Germany. Birds from the Alps cross the Mediterranean Sea directly heading straight to their non‐breeding sites. In contrast, birds from Germany travelled further west via the Iberian Peninsula. While the German population initiated autumn migration relatively early, arrival on the wintering sites was nearly synchronous across the three populations. During spring migration, German birds arrived earlier at their breeding grounds than birds from the Alps. A comparison with the literature indicated that the breeding populations in the Alps use their own route and are among the latest to arrive in spring, showing resemblance to the phenology of Arctic breeding populations. Our results indicate that the annual cycle of Alps‐breeding wheatears is influenced primarily by breeding ground conditions, and not solely by migration distance.
A unique profile of insulin antibody titer in islet‐transplanted patients
Authors: Keidai Yamato , Fujikura Junji , Nakamura Toshihiro , Anazawa Takayuki , Ito Ryo , Ogura Masahito , Hatano Etsuro , Inagaki Nobuya
Published: June 2022

Insulin antibodies (IAs) can cause glycemic variability. Islet transplantation (ITx) is a treatment for insulin‐deficient diabetes that aims to establish on‐target glycemic control in the absence of hypoglycemia. To date, there has not been a detailed case study of the association between ITx and IA levels. In this study, we identified a unique profile of IA titers, which differed from glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody titers, in four ITx patients. IA levels decreased with intensified immunosuppressive therapy, whereas glutamic acid decarboxylase antibodies increased transiently after ITx. These data suggest the possibility that IAs, unlike other islet autoantibodies, were eliminated due to immunosuppression after transplantation therapy. The disappearance of IAs, as well as the restoration of regulated insulin secretion after ITx, might have a positive effect on glycemic control in recipients with diabetes. Furthermore, this unique feature is suggestive of immunological pathogenesis and has implications for the treatment of IA‐causing disease conditions.
Influence of time, temperature, and UV light on stability and degradation kinetics of fortificants in sattu beverage during storage
Authors: Sharma Alok , Mazumdar Bidyut , Keshav Amit
Published: June 2022

The stability and degradation of fortificants in beverages has been stated as major hurdle in fortification. The fortificants tend to degrade during the storage and cause quality loss in beverages. The sattu beverage fortified with rutin‐loaded pectin nanoparticles (RLPN) and riboflavin was evaluated for the stability and kinetics of degradation of fortificants. The loading stability of fortificant was determined to evaluate the stability of the RLPN. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis showed the loading of rutin over pectin nanoparticles. The turbidity, cloudiness, and turbidity loss rate were also determined at an interval of 7 days during 56 days of storage. The turbidity and cloudiness of the beverage increased during storage while the fortification was helpful to maintain the turbidity loss rate. The degradation kinetics and half‐life of RLPN and riboflavin were calculated for the same period. The range of rate constant of RLPN and riboflavin were 5.12 × 10−2 to 6.11 × 10−2 s−1 and 2.76 × 10−2 to 4.73 × 10−2 s−1, respectively. The study on the effect of UV light showed that the stability of riboflavin was complemented by RLPN (RLPN was found to be self‐stable). The color analysis of fortified beverage samples showed that the UV light did not have significant effect on the stability and degradation of fortificants. The addition of RLPN in sattu beverage was found to enhance the stability of riboflavin. The data obtained from this research work can be used to scale‐up the processing of fortified sattu beverage to commercial scale.

Practical application

The sustainability of fortificants is easily affected by different parameters (time and temperature) applied during food processing. The present study deals with the challenges encountered during processing and storage of fortified beverage. The temperature and time period applied in this study are commonly used for beverages and drinks. The study of kinetics can help to understand the degradation and loss behavior of fortificants in fortified beverage at commercial or industrial scale. The study also helps to understand the mechanism behind the appearance (turbidity, cloudiness, turbidity loss ratio, and color) change in fortified beverages during storage. The knowledge obtained from this research might be helpful in developing fortified sattu beverage in industry.
Colonoscopy decreases mortality in colorectal cancer patients compared with fecal immunochemical test
Authors: Sung Soo‐Yoon , Choi Hyun Ho , Kim Sukil , Park Bo Ram , Kim Young Ki , Kim Hyung‐Keun , Cho Young‐Seok , Kim Sang Woo , Kim Sung Soo , Chae Hiun‐Suk
Published: June 2022

Background and Aim

Colonoscopy and fecal immunochemical test (FIT) are commonly used screening methods for the detection of colorectal cancer (CRC), but their effects on survival have not been compared. We compared survival outcomes in patients with CRC according to the exposure history to colonoscopy or FIT before diagnosis of CRC.

Methods

We performed a nationwide population‐based retrospective cohort study using Korean national‐insurance claims data. In total, 24 875 patients with CRC diagnosed in 2012 were included. The patients were divided into three groups in terms of examinations performed during the 10 years prior to CRC diagnosis: the colonoscopy group, the FIT group, and the never‐screened group. Survival outcomes were compared among the three groups. The colonoscopy group and FIT group were matched using propensity score‐matching method.

Results

The cohort consisted of 9619 patients in the colonoscopy group, 6936 patients in the FIT group, and 8320 patients in the never‐screened group. The 5‐year overall survival rates were 74.1% in the colonoscopy group, 65.9% in the FIT group, and 59.6% in the never‐screened group (P < 0.001). The adjusted hazard ratios for death were 0.56 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.53–0.59) in the colonoscopy group and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.74–0.82) in the FIT group compared with the never‐screened group. In the matched cohort, the adjusted hazard ratios for death was 0.76 (95% CI, 0.72–0.81) in the colonoscopy group compared with the FIT group.

Conclusion

Colonoscopy is a more effective method for reducing mortality in patients with CRC compared with FIT.
Effectiveness of cognitive interventions for adult surgical patients after general anaesthesia to improve cognitive functioning: A systematic review
Authors: Bowden Tracey , Hurt Catherine S. , Sanders Julie , Aitken Leanne M.
Published: June 2022

Aims and objectives

To examine the effectiveness of cognitive interventions after general anaesthesia to improve cognitive functioning.

Background

The number of surgical procedures performed worldwide is large and growing. Postoperative cognitive dysfunction is a common complication associated with poor postoperative outcomes. A variety of cognitive interventions have been developed to maintain or improve cognitive function in one or more cognitive domains. Cognitive interventions have shown to be effective in healthy older populations, those with mild cognitive impairment, and those with heart failure. The impact of cognitive interventions in surgical patients after general anaesthesia is a relatively new focus of research and is therefore less well established.

Methods

Seven bibliographic databases were searched in relation to ‘surgery’ and ‘cognitive interventions’; no date or language limits were imposed. Studies including adult patients who were scheduled for, or who had undergone surgery under general anaesthesia, had a baseline cognitive assessment using a validated measurement, and had engaged with any cognition‐based intervention were included. Full‐text review for inclusion, quality assessment and data extraction were undertaken independently by two authors. This study is reported in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines.

Results

A total of 550 papers were identified for possible inclusion, of which nine met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The majority were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) (n = 6 [66.7%]). Four studies used computerised cognitive interventions, while five used traditional cognitive interventions. Most of the studies used multi‐domain cognitive training focusing on two or more domains (n = 7 [77.8%]) while two studies used single‐domain cognitive training. Memory (n = 7 [77.8%]) and attention (n = 5 [55.6%]) were the cognitive domains most often targeted during the intervention.

Conclusions

The use of cognitive interventions demonstrated some efficacy in improving cognitive function after general anaesthesia, particularly those targeting memory.

Relevance for clinical practice

The findings of this review suggest that cognitive interventions show promise at improving cognitive performance in patients with POCD and could be usefully implemented in clinical practice to improve patient outcomes.
Comparison of incidence of medial meniscal injury in small dogs (≤15 kg) and medium‐to‐large dogs (>15 kg) with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy: 580 stifles (2015 ‐ 2019)
Authors: Colthurst S. M. M. , Simcock J. O. , Cashmore R. G.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

To investigate whether a difference exists in incidence of medial meniscal tears between small (≤15 kg) and medium‐to‐large (>15 kg) dogs with naturally occurring cranial cruciate ligament disease.

Materials and Methods

Records were retrospectively reviewed to identify the incidence of medial meniscal tears in dogs undergoing tibial plateau levelling osteotomy. Degree of cruciate insufficiency, method of identification (arthroscopy or arthrotomy), tibial plateau angle, weight and signalment were recorded. A two‐proportion z‐test with clustering adjustment was used to compare the meniscal tear rate between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the effects of variables on medial meniscal tears.

Results

Seventy‐six stifles in 67 small dogs and 504 stifles in 384 medium‐to‐large dogs were included. The rate of meniscal injury at index surgery was 38.2% in small dogs and 36.7% in medium‐to‐large dogs. The subsequent meniscal tear rate was 1.3% in small dogs and 8% in medium‐to‐large dogs. The difference in meniscal tear rate was not statistically significant at either index surgery or subsequently. Degree of cruciate ligament insufficiency and use of arthroscopy were significantly associated with medial meniscal tears at index surgery. No variables were significantly associated with subsequent medial meniscal tears.

Clinical Significance

No significant difference exists in medial meniscal tear rate between small and medium‐to‐large dogs either at index surgery or subsequently. The index of suspicion of concurrent medial meniscal tears should be higher in dogs with complete tear of the cranial cruciate ligament but a partial tear does not preclude meniscal pathology.
Transforming everyday experience: Transformative learning, disorienting dilemmas and Honneth's theory of recognition
Authors: Fleming Ted
Published: June 2022

Axel Honneth's theory of recognition outlines the personal and social contexts of family, law and community solidarities in which recognition – and misrecognitions – are experienced. His work has implications for Mezirow's theory of transformative learning. Transformative learning is critiqued for an over dependence on the Dewey/Habermas foundations that demand high levels of rationality and for an over reliance on individual learning to the exclusion of social learning. Honneth's ideas are explored in order to further develop the understanding of how experience is central to transformative learning. Disorienting dilemmas and the perplexities that lead to transformative learning are reinterpreted as experiences that have personal and social dimensions. Experience – often seen as individual and unique ‐ cannot be disconnected from social contexts. Honneth helps us resolve these issues and allows us to re‐interpret transformative learning as the transformation of experience. Finally, two further concepts are introduced: a) the dialectic nature of experience (Negt); and b) the importance of completeness (Negt). These further enhance the experiential grounding for emancipation and the emancipatory project of transformative learning.
Automated system of tubular filtration for rotifer production
Authors: Kuo Cheng‐Yuan , Chang Co‐Chih , Biao Chun‐I , Yang Cheng‐Hua , Chen Tzong‐Yueh , Shen Sheng‐Chih
Published: June 2022

This study developed an automated filtration system for a selected rotifer, Brachionus ibericus. This system is controlled by a programmable logic controller, and it enables the high‐density cultivation of marine rotifers and the selection of rotifers for palatability. We tested seven mesh sizes (300, 200, 100, 50, 20, 5, and 1 μm) for commercial 10‐inch (25.4‐cm) stainless steel tubular filters in the proposed system, after which we selected the optimal mesh size for filtering impurities, separating rotifers, eliminating wastewater, and minimizing the rotifer loss rate. The results indicated that a combination of the 5‐ and 200‐μm meshes produced optimal filtration efficiency. After every 120 s of filtration followed by a 30‐s flushing process, a rotifer density of 3170 ± 101 individuals/ml, a mesh blocking loss rate of 4.95 ± 3.62%, and impurity‐free rotifer volume of 45.18 ± 1.2 L were obtained. Our study verified that tubular filters can be used in commercial aquaculture.
Detecting cracks in concrete structures with the baseline model of the visual characteristics of images
Authors: Liu Yang , Gao Mingxin
Published: June 2022

A method based on the baseline model of the visual characteristics of images (BMVCI) is proposed to detect cracks in concrete structures. BMVCI refers to the model, which consists of images of the noncrack areas of a concrete structure with cracks or images of the noncrack state of a concrete structure. Compared with the performance of edge detection (ED) methods for detecting cracks in concrete structures, this baseline model expands the quasi‐distance between the edges of cracks and the image background; thus, the crack detection accuracy is effectively improved. Additionally, the discriminative threshold of cracks is quantitatively determined with BMVCI, which avoids the influence of artificial interference when determining the abovementioned threshold used for ED methods. Meanwhile, compared with the methods based on artificial intelligence, such as deep learning (DL), the calculating efficiency of the proposed method is higher because the proposed method converts the high‐dimensional image data into low‐dimensional digital features for training. With the same small size set of training samples, the accuracy of the crack detection of the proposed method is higher than that of the methods based on the framework of DL. In this study, Gaussian convolution is applied to generate the visual characteristics of images, and then a kernel principal component analysis‐based method is implemented to establish the BMVCI. The basic idea of novelty detection is applied to detect cracks in concrete structures. Finally, an experiment on concrete structures is designed and applied to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
The Butterfly Fragment in Wedge‐Shaped Femoral Shaft Fracture: Comparison of Two Different Surgical Methods
Authors: Tsai Yuan‐Hsin , Wang Teng‐Kuan , Lee Pei‐Yuan , Chen Chih‐Hui
Published: June 2022

Objective

Our study compared the results of wedge‐shaped femoral shaft fracture following intramedullary (IM) nailing with or without fixation of the third fragment.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients presenting with femoral shaft fracture with AO/OTA type 32‐B from 2011 to 2016. Patients were divided into two groups: closed reduction without touching the third fragment and open reduction with fixation of the third fragment. The fragment ratio, fragment length, nail size, dynamization or not, mRUST scores, union rate, and union time were compared between the two groups. Risk factors of non‐union were also investigated, including sex, age, fracture pattern, fracture location, dynamization, nail size, fragment ratio, fragment size, and postoperative fragment displacement.

Results

A total of 80 patients met inclusion criteria, 20 patients with wedge‐shaped shaft femoral fracture were managed with IM nailing and open reduction with fixation of the third fragment. Sixty patients were treated with IM nail without touching the third fragment. The union rate for the fixation and non‐fixation groups were 60.0% and 81.7%, respectively. The mean union time for the fixation group was 19 months vs 14 months for the non‐fixation group. Multi‐regression analysis showed larger nail size (odds ratio: 2.26) and fixation of the third fragment (odds ratio: 0.18) influenced fracture healing.

Conclusions

Fixation of the third fragment in wedge‐shaped shaft femoral fracture results in a longer union time and lower union rate. In the management of femoral fracture with a third fragment, a larger nail size is recommended and fixation should be performed in a closed manner. Fixation of the fragment may achieve better fracture reduction. However, disruption of the vasculature and surrounding structures may further result in nonunion of the fracture site.
Profit sharing, industrial upgrading, and global supply chains: Theory and evidence
Authors: Liu Xiao Jie , Liu Haiyue , Liu Shi Yi , Shen Jim Huangnan , Lee Chien‐Chiang
Published: June 2022

This research constructs a simple model to illustrate the global supply‐chain (GSC) profit sharing and industrial upgrading mechanism, finding that the average profitability distribution in the different supply‐chain stages is determined by three main conditions: (1) the average product of the labor in the firms at each production stage; (2) the production complexity level of each production stage in the chain; and (3) the ratio of the output elasticity of capital to the output elasticity of labor in each stage. This study also proposes a new industrial upgrading mechanism, the “smile‐curve‐driven supply‐chain upgrading,” for supply‐chain firms. Increases in production complexity and level of factor intensity in each production stage are found to be the two essential conditions for the smile‐curve‐driven supply‐chain upgrading. Our static and dynamic panel empirical models, including robustness checks, are both broadly consistent with the theoretical predictions of this paper.
Active stewardship in healthcare: Lessons from China's health policy reforms
Authors: He Alex Jingwei , Bali Azad Singh , Ramesh M.
Published: June 2022

Governments across the globe have made repeated attempts to reform their health systems in recent decades with the purpose of improving access while containing costs. What is the role of government in contemporary health policy in achieving these somewhat contradictory goals? This paper conceptualises this role as one of “active stewardship” wherein the government is a central actor steering and coordinating the sector through a portfolio of diverse policy tools. In this conceptualisation, the government is not a passive participant—in merely financing, delivering, or regulating the sector—but a steersman at the helm that sets policy objectives and actively pursues them. We argue that active stewardship is central to achieving contemporary health policy priorities of universal healthcare. We apply this conceptualisation to China's recent healthcare forms and show that the role of the government in governing the sector has changed substantially over time, particularly since 2009, and the changes are showing promising results. China's experience suggests that governments need to more actively guide and shape the behaviour of both public and private players in order to achieve the goals of universal health coverage. It also suggests that a high degree of policy capacity is essential if active stewardship is to be effective.
Voting on gun rights: Mapping the electoral scope of the pro‐gun constituency in America
Authors: Tatalovich Raymond , Haider‐Markel Donald P.
Published: June 2022

Objective

Although it is clear that gun issues often shape the electoral preferences of some voters and the electoral success of some candidates, there has been little effort to examine the factors that shape electoral outcomes in direct democracy contests involving gun rights.

Methods

We use weighted ordinary least squares analysis of county‐level data to predict where support for gun rights will be higher. The data include demographic and political variables and are based on a universe of 515 counties drawn from eight states that held direct democracy elections on virtually identical measures solidifying the “right to bear arms.”

Results

Although all of these measures passed, our analysis suggests that support for these measures is higher in counties that had more support for Republican presidential candidates, an older population, and fewer non‐white residents. Support was lower in counties with higher education, more women, and greater population density.

Conclusion

We conclude that the partisan and urban/rural divide on gun rights drives electoral results in these direct democracy contests.
Genomic sequences of the HLA‐DRB1*07:03 and HLA‐DRB1*12:69 alleles identified in transplant donors
Authors: Shah Parth , Buch Hiteshree , Thakker Nirali C. , Chaudhary Akshay , Kumar Prabin
Published: June 2022

The full length sequences of the HLA‐DRB1*07:03 and HLA‐DRB1*12:69 alleles identified in transplant donors.
The novel HLA class I allele, HLA‐B*14:110, identified by next‐generation sequencing
Authors: Laustsen Mira Marie , Nørgaard Maja , Lam Marie Quach , Koefoed‐Nielsen Pernille , Staunstrup Nicklas Heine
Published: June 2022

The novel HLA‐allele B*14:110, differs from B*14:02:01:01, by one nucleotide substitution, c.T247A in exon 2.
An analysis of early volume resuscitation and the association with prolonged mechanical ventilation
Authors: Schauer Steven G. , April Michael D. , Fisher Andrew D. , Bynum James , Hill Ronnie , Gillespie Kevin R. , Chung Kevin K. , Borgman Matthew A.
Published: June 2022

Background

Previous studies have found that intravenous fluid administration within the first 24 h may be associated with prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV). We examined the association between initial 24 h fluids and PMV in combat casualties.

Methods

This is a secondary analysis of a previously described dataset from the Department of Defense Trauma Registry (DODTR). We included casualties with at least 24 h on the ventilator and no significant traumatic brain injury. The definition of PMV and associations were constructed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models.

Results

We identified 1508 casualties available for analysis for this study – 1275 in the non‐PMV cohort (<9 days on ventilator vs. 233 in the PMV cohort (≥9 days on ventilator). Explosives comprised the most common mechanism of injury for both groups (72% vs. 75%) followed by firearms (21% vs. 16%). The composite injury severity score (ISS) was lower in the non‐PMV cohort (18 vs. 30, p < .001). There were lower volumes of all resuscitation fluid within the first 24 h in the non‐PMV cohort. When adjusting for composite ISS and mechanism of injury in a multivariable logistic regression model with PMV as the outcome, crystalloid volume (unit odds ratio [UOR] 1.07) and colloid volume (UOR 1.03) were both associated with PMV.

Conclusions

We found that volume of resuscitation fluids were substantially higher in the PMV cohort. Our findings suggest the need for caution with the routine use of crystalloid and colloid in the first 24 h of resuscitation.
Aggie Disaster Response Mental Health Recovery Network: Hurricane Disaster Recovery in North Carolina
Authors: Booth Caroline S. , Dunlap Paige , Wang Yudan
Published: June 2022

As the number of natural disasters and the population of the world continues to increase, it is extremely important that new models of community response and recovery are developed, particularly related to longer-term mental health recovery. To that end and given the need to address behavioral health concerns within North Carolina (NC) for those impacted by Hurricanes Florence and Michael, the Aggie Disaster Response Mental Health Recovery Network (ADRMHRN) was created to support those in post-disaster mental health distress. This network sought to connect clients to services through the creation of an extensive community resource network along with robust mental health service provider partnerships to treat those experiencing longer-term behavioral health recovery challenges. Disaster behavioral health, mental health first responder, clinical best practice  trainings for community members, current service providers, and the future behavioral health workforce were additional project components with the ultimate goal to increase quality client care in the community. Preliminary results and implications for future effective disaster response are also shared.
Quantitative mapping of force–pCa curves to whole‐heart contraction and relaxation
Authors: Longobardi Stefano , Sher Anna , Niederer Steven A.
Published: June 2022

The force–pCa (F–pCa) curve is used to characterize steady‐state contractile properties of cardiac muscle cells in different physiological, pathological and pharmacological conditions. This provides a reduced preparation in which to isolate sarcomere mechanisms. However, it is unclear how changes in the F–pCa curve impact emergent whole‐heart mechanics quantitatively. We study the link between sarcomere and whole‐heart function using a multiscale mathematical model of rat biventricular mechanics that describes sarcomere, tissue, anatomy, preload and afterload properties quantitatively. We first map individual cell‐level changes in sarcomere‐regulating parameters to organ‐level changes in the left ventricular function described by pressure–volume loop characteristics (e.g. end‐diastolic and end‐systolic volumes, ejection fraction and isovolumetric relaxation time). We next map changes in the sarcomere‐regulating parameters to changes in the F–pCa curve. We demonstrate that a change in the F–pCa curve can be caused by multiple different changes in sarcomere properties. We demonstrate that changes in sarcomere properties cause non‐linear and, importantly, non‐monotonic changes in left ventricular function. As a result, a change in sarcomere properties yielding changes in the F–pCa curve that improve contractility does not guarantee an improvement in whole‐heart function. Likewise, a desired change in whole‐heart function (i.e. ejection fraction or relaxation time) is not caused by a unique shift in the F–pCa curve. Changes in the F–pCa curve alone cannot be used to predict the impact of a compound on whole‐heart function.

image

Key points

The force–pCa (F–pCa) curve is used to assess myofilament calcium sensitivity after pharmacological modulation and to infer pharmacological effects on whole‐heart function.

We demonstrate that there is a non‐unique mapping from changes in F–pCa curves to changes in left ventricular (LV) function.

The effect of changes in F–pCa on LV function depend on the state of the heart and could be different for different pathological conditions.

Screening of compounds to impact whole‐heart function by F–pCa should be combined with active tension and calcium transient measurements to predict better how changes in muscle function will impact whole‐heart physiology.
Política del ritmo: tipografía y topografía en Valparaíso a mediados del siglo XIX
Authors: Herrera Pardo Hugo
Published: June 2022

Tomando como estrategia de análisis la “lectura en contrapunteo” desplegada por el crítico brasileño José Miguel Wisnik en su ensayo “Machado Maxixe: el caso Pestaña”, el presente trabajo desarrolla un “contrapunto” entre tipografía y topografía, anclado en la historia cultural de la ciudad de Valparaíso, a mediados del siglo XIX. El análisis se concentra en la edición de Sociedades Americanas en 1828 que Simón Rodríguez publicó en la ciudad, en 1840, en la imprenta del periódico El Mercurio, entrecruzada de descripciones de viajeros de paso por la ciudad, entre ellos Mary Graham, Charles Darwin, Max Radiguet o Domingo Faustino Sarmiento. A partir de este montaje entre tipografía y topografía (entre el espacio en blanco de la página y el espacio en construcción de la ciudad), se sobreponen e interfieren ondas históricas de diferente duración y alcance, produciendo efectos de correlación sugerentes en torno a la percepción visual en Valparaíso hacia mediados del siglo XIX, efectos de correlación no necesariamente analógicos ni necesariamente equiparables en importancia, pero a través de los cuales asoma una heterogeneidad sensorial que expresa diferentes experiencias perceptivas en la ciudad.
8000-year doubling of Midwestern forest biomass driven by population- and biome-scale processes
Authors: Raiho A. M. , Paciorek C. J. , Dawson A. , Jackson S. T. , Mladenoff D. J. , Williams J. W. , McLachlan J. S.
Published: June 2022

Changes in woody biomass over centuries to millennia are poorly known, leaving unclear the magnitude of terrestrial carbon fluxes before industrial-era disturbance. Here, we statistically reconstructed changes in woody biomass across the upper Midwestern region of the United States over the past 10,000 years using a Bayesian model calibrated to preindustrial forest biomass estimates and fossil pollen records. After an initial postglacial decline, woody biomass nearly doubled during the past 8000 years, sequestering 1800 teragrams. This steady accumulation of carbon was driven by two separate ecological responses to regionally changing climate: the spread of forested biomes and the population expansion of high-biomass tree species within forests. What took millennia to accumulate took less than two centuries to remove: Industrial-era logging and agriculture have erased this carbon accumulation.
A bacterium that is not a microbe
Authors: Levin Petra Anne
Published: June 2022

A new discovery challenges the prevailing view of the boundaries of bacterial cell size
HIV prevention tool is too slow to reach Africa, activists say
Authors: Green Andrew
Published: June 2022

A long-lasting injectable drug was tested in seven African countries. But it’s unclear when they’ll have access to it
U.S. labs face severe postdoc shortage
Authors: Langin Katie
Published: June 2022

Early-career researchers increasingly avoid low-paying, insecure postdoc positions, a
Science
investigation finds
Therapeutic Inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus ArlRS Two-Component Regulatory System Blocks Virulence
Authors: Kwiecinski Jakub M. , Jelani Diamond A. , Fuentes Ernesto J. , Horswill Alexander R.
Published: June 2022

Staphylococcus aureus
is a common cause of severe infections, and its widespread antibiotic resistance necessitates search for alternative therapies, such as inhibition of virulence. As
S. aureus
produces multiple individual virulence factors, inhibition of an entire regulatory system might provide better effects than targeting each virulence factor separately.
Regiospecific Oxidation of Chlorobenzene to 4-Chlororesorcinol, Chlorohydroquinone, 3-Chlorocatechol and 4-Chlorocatechol by Engineered Toluene
o
-Xylene Monooxygenases
Authors: Yanık-Yıldırım K. Cansu , Phul Onkar K. , Roth Owen S. , Tlatelpa Areli , Soria-P Gerardo , Vardar-Yel Nurcan , Vardar-Schara Gönül
Published: June 2022

Chlorobenzene is a commonly used toxic solvent and listed as a priority environmental pollutant by the US Environmental Protection Agency. Here, we report that
Escherichia coli
TG1 cells expressing toluene
o
-xylene monooxygenase (ToMO) can successfully oxidize chlorobenzene to form dihydroxy chloroaromatics, which are valuable industrial compounds.
Development of Two Mouse Models for Vaccine Evaluation against Cryptosporidiosis
Authors: Dayao Denise Ann , Jaskiewcz Justyna , Lee Sangun , Oliveira Bruno Cesar , Sheoran Abhineet , Widmer Giovanni , Tzipori Saul
Published: June 2022

Cryptosporidiosis was shown a decade ago to be a major contributor to morbidity and mortality of diarrheal disease in children in low-income countries. A serious obstacle to develop and evaluate immunogens and vaccines to control this disease is the lack of well-characterized immunocompetent rodent models.
Analysis of Effector and Immunity Proteins of the GA2 Type VI Secretion Systems of Gut Bacteroidales
Authors: Bao Hongxia , Coyne Michael J. , García-Bayona Leonor , Comstock Laurie E.
Published: June 2022

Humans are colonized with many gut Bacteroidales species at high density, allowing for extensive opportunities for contact-dependent antagonism. To begin to understand the antagonistic potential of the GA2 T6SSs of the gut Bacteroidales, we performed bioinformatic and experimental analyses of the three divergent regions containing the toxin effector and immunity genes.
Complete Genome Sequences of Two JP-I (GI-18) Genotype Infectious Bronchitis Virus Strains Isolated from Chickens with Nephritis in Japan
Authors: Mase Masaji , Hiramatsu Kanae , Watanabe Satoko , Iseki Hiroshi
Published: June 2022

We report the complete genome sequences of two strains of JP-1 genotype (GI-18) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) isolated from the kidneys of dead chickens in Japan in 2000 and 2017. This information will help researchers better understand the evolution and epidemiology of IBV in Japan.
Draft Genome Sequence of a Lanthanide-Responsive Bacterium,
Bradyrhizobium
sp. Strain Ce-3
Authors: Nakamura Kohei , Pastawan Viagian , Suganuma Soya , Mizuno Kosuke , Shimada Masaya , Hayakawa Takashi , Fitriyanto Nanung Agus , Nakagawa Tomoyuki
Published: June 2022

We present the draft genome sequence of
Bradyrhizobium
sp. strain Ce-3, which produced exopolysaccharide (EPS) and oxidized methanol in the presence of Ce
3+
. The genome for strain Ce-3 was estimated at 7,608,996 bp and showed that the strain is closely related to
Bradyrhizobium erythrophlei
MT12 and
Bradyrhizobium
sp. strain C9.
Phosphoproteomic and Metabolomic Profiling Uncovers the Roles of CcPmk1 in the Pathogenicity of
Cytospora chrysosperma
Authors: Yu Lu , Yang Yuchen , Xiong Dianguang , Tian Chengming
Published: June 2022

Understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of plant pathogens is a prerequisite to developing effective disease-control methods. The Pmk1 MAPK is highly conserved among phytopathogenic fungi and acts as a global regulator of fungal pathogenicity by modulating downstream transcription factors or other components.
Activity of
N
-Acetylcysteine Alone and in Combination with Colistin against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms and Transcriptomic Response to
N
-Acetylcysteine Exposure
Authors: Valzano Felice , Boncompagni Selene Rebecca , Micieli Maria , Di Maggio Tiziana , Di Pilato Vincenzo , Colombini Lorenzo , Santoro Francesco , Pozzi Gianni , Rossolini Gian Maria , Pallecchi Lucia
Published: June 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa
biofilm-related chronic lung colonization contributes to cystic fibrosis (CF) disease progression. Colistin is often a last-resort antibiotic for the treatment of such
P. aeruginosa
infections, and it has been increasingly used in CF, especially by nebulization.
N
-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a mucolytic agent with antioxidant activity, commonly administered with antibiotics for the treatment of lower respiratory tract infections.
Parallel Evolution towards Increased Motility in Long-Term Cultures of Escherichia coli, Even Though Motility was Not Required for Long-Term Survival
Authors: Henderson Autumn L. , Moreno Angie , Kram Karin E.
Published: June 2022

Understanding how bacteria adapt in long-term cultures aids in both better treatment options for bacterial infections and gives insight into the mechanisms involved in bacterial evolution. In the past, it has been difficult to study these organisms in their natural environments.
Supplemental Material: The long-lived transcrustal magmatic systems of Southeast China in response to paleo-Pacific plate subduction, recorded by the Cretaceous volcanic sequences in southeastern Zhejiang Province
Authors: Liu Liang , Yang Jie-Hua , al. et
Published: June 2022

Table S1: Zircon LA-ICP-MS U-Pb dating results of the volcanic rocks in SE Zhejiang Province. Table S2: Trace elements (ppm) in zircon from the volcanic rocks in SE Zhejiang Province acquired by LA-ICP-MS. Table S3: Major element contents (wt%) of volcanic rocks in SE Zhejiang Province. Table S4: Trace and rare earth element (ppm) analyses of volcanic rocks in SE Zhejiang Province. Table S5: Zircon in-situ Hf isotopic compositions from the volcanic rocks in SE Zhejiang Province. Table S6: Zircon in-situ O isotopic compositions from the volcanic rocks in SE Zhejiang Province.
Development and testing of an intact cord resuscitation trolley
Authors: Raina Jaspreet Singh , Chawla Deepak , Jain Suksham , Khurana Supreet
Published: June 2022

Objective

To develop a mobile resuscitation platform—intact cord resuscitation (ICR) trolley and to assess the safety, feasibility and acceptability of its use during delayed cord clamping (DCC).

Study design

Bench-side product development and single-arm experimental study.

Participants and methods

We first developed a theoretical framework of the specifications required for the platform which can provide resuscitation close to the delivery/operating table. The theoretical framework was then translated into a working model in a series of iterations. After testing and training of healthcare workers in a simulated environment, the trolley was tested to perform DCC in neonates who were born at ≥34 weeks of gestation and were breathing spontaneously at birth.

Outcomes measured

Primary outcome was the feasibility of DCC using the ICR trolley defined as the proportion of babies successfully completing 180 s of DCC on the trolley. Secondary outcomes included the proportion of babies with 1 min heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SpO2) recorded, neonatal and maternal safety outcomes, and acceptability among care providers.

Results

Among 50 neonates (gestation: 36.9±1.9 weeks and birth weight: 2544±649 g) enrolled in the study, DCC for ≥180 s was successfully done in 42 (84%) neonates. The mean duration of DCC was 170±27 s. HR and SpO2at 1 min were recorded successfully in 92% of the babies. The majority of the maternal and neonatal care provider strongly supported the use of ICR trolley.

Conclusion

We developed an ICR trolley and successfully tested the feasibility and acceptability of its use in healthy neonates undergoing DCC.
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a web-based routine assessment with integrated recommendations for action for depression and anxiety (RehaCAT+): protocol for a cluster randomised controlled trial for patients with elevated depressive symptoms in rehabilitation facilities
Authors: Knauer Johannes , Terhorst Yannik , Philippi Paula , Kallinger Selina , Eiler Sandro , Kilian Reinhold , Waldmann Tamara , Moshagen Morten , Bader Martina , Baumeister Harald
Published: June 2022

Introduction

The integration of a web-based computer-adaptive patient-reported outcome test (CAT) platform with persuasive design optimised features including recommendations for action into routine healthcare could provide a promising way to translate reliable diagnostic results into action. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of such a platform for depression and anxiety (RehaCAT+) compared with the standard diagnostic system (RehaCAT) in cardiological and orthopaedic health clinics in routine care.

Methods and analysis

A two-arm, pragmatic, cluster-randomised controlled trial will be conducted. Twelve participating rehabilitation clinics in Germany will be randomly assigned to a control (RehaCAT) or experimental group (RehaCAT+) in a 1:1 design. A total sample of 1848 participants will be recruited across all clinics. The primary outcome, depression severity at 12 months follow-up (T3), will be assessed using the CAT Patient-Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Emotional Distress-Depression Item set. Secondary outcomes are depression at discharge (T1) and 6 months follow-up (T2) as well as anxiety, satisfaction with participation in social roles and activities, pain impairment, fatigue, sleep, health-related quality of life, self-efficacy, physical functioning, alcohol, personality and health economic-specific general quality of life and socioeconomic cost and benefits at T1-3. User behaviour, acceptance, facilitating and hindering factors will be assessed with semistructured qualitative interviews. Additionally, a smart sensing substudy will be conducted, with daily ecological momentary assessments and passive collection of smartphone usage variables. Data analysis will follow the intention-to-treat principle with additional per-protocol analyses. Cost-effectiveness analyses will be conducted from a societal perspective and the perspective of the statutory pension insurance.

Ethics and dissemination

The study will be conducted according to the Declaration of Helsinki. The Ethics Committee of Ulm University, has approved the study (on 24 February 2021 ref. 509/20). Written informed consent will be obtained for all participants. Results will be published via peer-reviewed journals.

Trial registration number

DRKS00027447
Current knowledge on spinal meningiomas: a systematic review protocol
Authors: El-Hajj Victor Gabriel , Pettersson Segerlind Jenny , Burström Gustav , Edström Erik , Elmi-Terander Adrian
Published: June 2022

Introduction

Meningiomas are primary central nervous system tumours that arise from both cranial and spinal meninges. Spinal meningiomas occur less frequently than their cranial counterparts and are consequently given less attention in the literature. Therefore, systematic studies are needed to summarise the current knowledge on spinal meningiomas, providing a solid evidence base for treatment strategies. This systematic review of the literature will therefore assess studies describing spinal meningiomas, their epidemiology, diagnostics, treatment and outcomes.

Methods and analysis

Electronic databases, including PubMed, Web of Science and Embase, will be searched using the keywords “spinal” and “meningioma”. The search will be set to provide only English studies published after 2000 to avoid any conflicts regarding terminology and classification, as well as to reflect the current status. Case reports, editorials, letters and reviews will also be excluded. Reference lists of relevant records will also be searched. Identified studies will be screened for inclusion, by one reviewer in a first step and then three in the next step to decrease the risk of bias. The results will be categorised to allow for a structured summary of the outcomes and their evidence grade conforming to the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. Categories may include: epidemiology, histopathology, radiological diagnostics, surgery, complications, non-surgical or adjuvant treatments, disease outcomes and predictors, and lastly recurrence. This review will summarise the current knowledge on spinal meningiomas to allow for a better understanding of the disease and contribute to improve its management. For clinicians, the systematic collection and grading of available evidence may aid in decision making and for those seeking to further the scientific field, this review may help to identify areas where knowledge is currently lacking.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethics approval was not required for our systematic review as it is based on existing publications. The results will be disseminated via submission for publication in a peer-reviewed journal.