bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The beginning of the end of prohibition: the politics of drug addiction
Authors: Luty Jason
Published: July 2016

Misuse of drugs such as opium, cocaine and cannabis was common around the world before the First World War and it provided a valuable market for the colonial powers. There seems to have been a brief period of sobriety between the two World Wars, along with widespread criminalisation of drug dealing and use, followed by an explosion of the illicit drug market and the hugely expensive US-led ‘war on drugs'. The cost and impracticality of drug criminalisation, together with changes in Western public opinion, mean that cannabis legalisation has very recently been accepted in some countries and drug prohibition is being dismantled.
Service user, patient, survivor or client … has the time come to
return to ‘patient’?
Authors: Christmas David M. B. , Sweeney Angela
Published: July 2016

Recently, the Council of the UK Royal College of Psychiatrists agreed to use
the term ‘patient’ as the preferred collective noun when referring to people
accessing mental health services in its official documentation. Choices
regarding terminology have the power to influence those who use such terms
and here, David Christmas and Angela Sweeney debate the issue of whether
such a decision is appropriate or whether we need to be more careful about
the terms we use.
Prevalence of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in India: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sandhu Gurprataap S. , Erqou Sebhat , Patterson Heidi , Mathew Aju
Published: June 2016

Purpose

There is considerable variation in prevalence rates of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) reported by various studies from India. We performed a systematic review and literature-based meta-analysis of these studies.

Methods

We searched databases of Medline, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science for studies that reported on the prevalence of TNBC in India that were published between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2015. We extracted relevant information from each study by using a standardized form. We pooled study-specific estimates by using random-effects meta-analysis to provide summary estimates. We explored sources of heterogeneity by using subgroup analyses and metaregression.

Results

Data were obtained from 17 studies that involved 7,237 patients with breast cancer. Overall combined prevalence of TNBC was 31% (95% CI, 27% to 35%). There was substantial heterogeneity across the studies (I2 of 91% [95% CI, 88% to 94%]; P < .001) that was not explained by available study level characteristics, including study location, definition of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 or estrogen receptor, mean age of participants, proportion of patients with premenopausal cancer, grade 3 disease, or tumor size > 5 cm. Overall combined prevalence of hormone receptor–positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2–positive breast cancer was 48% (95% CI, 42% to 54%) and 27% (95% CI, 24% to 31%), respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion

Prevalence of TNBC in India is considerably higher compared with that seen in Western populations. As many as as one in three women with breast cancer could have triple-negative disease. This finding has significant clinical relevance as it may contribute to poor outcomes in patients with breast cancer in India. Additional research is needed to understand the determinants of TNBC in India.
Patterns of variation in feeding strike kinematics of juvenile ghost praying mantis (Phyllocrania paradoxa): are components of the strike stereotypic?
Authors: Oufiero Christopher E. , Nguyen Tammy , Sragner Annie , Ellis Angelah
Published: June 2016

Functional systems, such as feeding mechanics, often involve the evolution of several components of the musculoskeletal system that are moved in coordination to capture prey. Because these systems often involve the quick movement of several structures, some feeding systems have been hypothesized to be stereotypic. While the motor activity patterns are often stereotyped, the subsequent kinematics can be variable, many times in response to variation in prey stimulus (e.g., prey position). Patterns of feeding kinematics have been well studied among vertebrates, with less attention on invertebrate systems. The goal of this study was to examine the amount of stereotypy in the feeding strike kinematics of praying mantises. We filmed 8 juvenile ghost praying mantises (Phyllocrania paradox) at 1000 Hz, across several days within instar 7. We digitized several points that represent the movement of the coxa, trochanter-femur and tibia of the raptorial foreleg to obtain a set of kinematics including angles and angular velocities of the joint, as well as body lunge. Using the coefficient of variation, we found less stereotypy in the approach stage of the strike compared to the sweep. Using Bonferroni corrected Pearson's correlations of kinematics with prey position we found few traits related to prey position with the exception of some kinematics of the coxa joint and the amount of lunge used during the strike. Our results suggest that several components of the praying mantis strike are stereotypic, while others exhibit flexibility to ensure successful capture of the prey.
Near Infrared Spectroscopy—A Unique Window of Opportunities
Authors: Engelsen Søren Balling
Published: June 2016

It is our custom in NIR news to invite the THA winner to contribute a summary of their award lecture in an issue soon after the ceremony. Unfortunately the 2015 award article was overlooked but we are happy to have prevailed upon the winner, Søren Engelsen, to allow us to maintain this custom by writing something for us. In an exciting summary article, Søren initially recaps on some practical aspects of NIR spectroscopy and reminds us of why it is such a useful technique. In a look to the future, however, he holds out some tantalising glimpses of what developments might be just around the corner and how these might produce sea changes in our thinking and use of the method — how about instruments which require no calibration transfer operations? Read and enjoy! Oh and the lecture summary by the 2016 winner will appear in 2016!! Ed.
Experiments on Decisions under Uncertainty: A Theoretical Framework
Authors: Shmaya Eran , Yariv Leeat
Published: June 2016

The analysis of lab data entails a joint test of the underlying theory and of subjects' conjectures regarding the experimental design itself, how subjects frame the experiment. We provide a theoretical framework for analyzing such conjectures. We use experiments of decision making under uncertainty as a case study. Absent restrictions on subjects' framing of the experiment, we show that any behavior is consistent with standard updating (“anything goes”), including those suggestive of anomalies such as overconfidence, excess belief stickiness, etc. When the experimental protocol restricts subjects' conjectures (plausibly, by generating information during the experiment), standard updating has nontrivial testable implications. (JEL C91, D11, D81, D83)
The RNA-binding profile of Acinus, a peripheral component of the exon junction complex, reveals its role in splicing regulation
Authors: Rodor Julie , Pan Qun , Blencowe Benjamin J. , Eyras Eduardo , Cáceres Javier F.
Published: July 2016

Acinus (apoptotic chromatin condensation inducer in the nucleus) is an RNA-binding protein (RBP) originally identified for its role in apoptosis. It was later found to be an auxiliary component of the exon junction complex (EJC), which is deposited at exon junctions as a consequence of pre-mRNA splicing. To uncover the cellular functions of Acinus and investigate its role in splicing, we mapped its endogenous RNA targets using the cross-linking immunoprecipitation protocol (iCLIP). We observed that Acinus binds to pre-mRNAs, associating specifically to a subset of suboptimal introns, but also to spliced mRNAs. We also confirmed the presence of Acinus as a peripheral factor of the EJC. RNA-seq was used to investigate changes in gene expression and alternative splicing following siRNA-mediated depletion of Acinus in HeLa cells. This analysis revealed that Acinus is preferentially required for the inclusion of specific alternative cassette exons and also controls the faithful splicing of a subset of introns. Moreover, a large number of splicing changes can be related to Acinus binding, suggesting a direct role of Acinus in exon and intron definition. In particular, Acinus regulates the splicing of DFFA/ICAD transcript, a major regulator of DNA fragmentation. Globally, the genome-wide identification of RNA targets of Acinus revealed its role in splicing regulation as well as its involvement in other cellular pathways, including cell cycle progression. Altogether, this study uncovers new cellular functions of an RBP transiently associated with the EJC.
Perfil epidemiológico da mortalidade em um hospital de urgência em Sergipe
Epidemiological profile of mortality in a hospital of urgency in Sergipe
Authors: Alves Áquila Talita Lima Santana , Faro André
Published: June 2016

Objetivos: caracterizar o perfil da mortalidade em um Hospital de Urgências de Sergipe nos anos 2013 e 2014 e analisar a relação entre a Causa Básica e a Causa Imediata do óbito. Métodos: estudo descritivo e exploratório, realizado a partir do levantamento de informações do banco de dados da Organização de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos da Instituição. Obtiveram-se as estatísticas descritivas para a caracterização do perfil amostral por idade, sexo, ano do óbito, setor do hospital e causas do óbito. Para a avaliação da relação entre a Causa Básica e a Causa Imediata de óbito, analisaram-se valores absolutos e percentuais quanto aos tipos de entrada (Causa Básica) e ao desfecho (Causa Imediata). Resultados: entre 5.455 óbitos, 57,6% foram do sexo masculino e a média de idade foi de 55,7 anos (± 23,5). As Doenças Infecciosas e as Causas Mal Definidas representaram quase metade dos óbitos na Causa Imediata 1 (48,3%). A relação entre Causa Imediata e Básica mostrou que as Doenças Infecciosas são a principal Causa Imediata de óbitos em oito entre onze categorias da Causa Básica. Conclusão: as Doenças Infecciosas e as Causas Mal Definidas exibem notável impacto na mortalidade hospitalar. Além disso, os dados obtidos neste estudo sugerem a viabilidade do uso do registro da Organização de Procura de Órgãos e Tecidos como parâmetro de avaliação da mortalidade hospitalar.
Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis as a tool to extract fishing footprints and estimate fishing pressure: application to small scale coastal fisheries and implications for management in the context of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive
Authors: KAVADAS S. , MAINA I. , DAMALAS D. , DOKOS I. , PANTAZI M. , VASSILOPOULOU V.
Published: June 2016

In the context of the Maritime Spatial Planning Directive and with the intention of contributing to the implementation of a future maritime spatial plan, it was decided to analyze data from the small scale coastal fisheries sector of Greece and estimate the actual extent of its activities, which is largely unknown to date. To this end we identified the most influential components affecting coastal fishing: fishing capacity, bathymetry, distance from coast, Sea Surface Chlorophyll (Chl-a) concentration, legislation, marine traffic activity, trawlers and purse seiners fishing effort and no-take zones. By means of Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) conducted through a stepwise procedure, the potential fishing footprint with the corresponding fishing intensity was derived. The method provides an innovative and cost-effective way to assess the impact of the, notoriously hard to assess, coastal fleet. It was further considered how the inclusion of all relevant anthropogenic activities (besides fishing) could provide the background needed to plan future marine activities in the framework of Marine Spatial Planning (MSP) and form the basis for a more realistic management approach.
Seasonal and interannual variability of the water exchange in the Turkish Straits System estimated by modelling
Authors: MADERICH V. , ILYIN Y. , LEMESHKO E.
Published: June 2016

A chain of simple linked models is used to simulate the seasonal and interannual variability of the Turkish Straits System. This chain includes two-layer hydraulic models of the Bosphorus and Dardanelles straits simulating the exchange in terms of level and density difference along each strait, and a one-dimensional area averaged layered model of the Marmara Sea. The chain of models is complemented also by the similar layered model of the Black Sea proper and by a one-layer Azov Sea model with the Kerch Strait. This linked chain of models is used to study the seasonal and interannual variability of the system in the period 1970-2009. The salinity of the Black Sea water flowing into the Aegean Sea increases by approximately 1.7 times through entrainment from the lower layer. The flow entering into the lower layer of the Dardanelles Strait from the Aegean Sea is reduced by nearly 80% when it reaches the Black Sea. In the seasonal scale, a maximal transport in the upper layer and minimal transport in the bottom layer are during winter/spring for the Bosphorus and in spring for the Dardanelles Strait, whereas minimal transport in upper layer and maximal undercurrent are during the summer for the Bosphorus Strait and autumn for the Dardanelles Strait. The increase of freshwater flux into the Black Sea in interannual time scales (41 m3s-1 per year) is accompanied by a more than twofold growth of the Dardanelles outflow to the North Aegean (102 m3s-1 per year).
First report of an olive ridley (Lepidochelys olivacea) inside the Mediterranean Sea
Authors: REVUELTA O. , CARRERAS C. , DOMÈNECH F. , GOZALBES P. , TOMÁS J.
Published: June 2016

We report the first confirmed occurrence of a Lepidochelys olivacea in the Mediterranean Sea based on the study of an individual stranded on a beach, located in the town of Oropesa del Mar (40º05ʹ32ʺN, 0º08ʹ02ʺE), Castellón province, East Spain, in May 2014. Morphological and genetic analyses were used to confirm the identification of the species. The individual had a sequence that matched the 470 bp Lepidochelys olivacea haplotype F (Genbank accession number: AF051773), found in several Atlantic populations. This becomes one of the northernmost known occurrences of olive ridleys in the world and is the first reports of this species in the Mediterranean Sea.
First record of the genus Dermatobranchus van Hasselt, 1824, in the Mediterranean Sea (Nudibranchia: Arminidae)
Authors: COLUCCI G. , STRAFELLA R. , TRAINITO E. , DONEDDU M.
Published: June 2016

Three individuals of a nudibranch belonging to the genus Dermatobranchus (Arminidae) were found at a depth of 3 meters, in a bottom with sand and gravel, during night SCUBA diving activity in Porto Pirrone, Leporano (Taranto, Apulia, Italy). The external morphology and coloration of these Mediterranean individuals clearly resemble those of D. rubidus (Gould, 1852), a species known only from the central and western Pacific Ocean. This is the first record of the genus Dermatobranchus van Hasselt, 1824 for the Mediterranean Sea.
New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records (July 2015)
Authors: TSIAMIS K. , AYDOGAN Ö. , BAILLY N. , BALISTRERI P. , BARICHE M. , CARDEN-NOAD S. , CORSINI-FOKA M. , CROCETTA F. , DAVIDOV B. , DIMITRIADIS C. , DRAGIČEVIĆ B. , DRAKULIĆ M. , DULČIĆ J. , ESCÁNEZ A. , FERNÁNDEZ-ÁLVAREZ F.A. , GERAKARIS V. , GEROVASILEIOU V. , HOFFMAN R. , IZQUIERDO-GÓMEZ D. , IZQUIERDO-MUÑOZ A. , KONDYLATOS G. , LATSOUDIS P. , LIPEJ L. , MADIRACA F. , MAVRIČ B. , PARASPORO M. , SOURBÈS L. , TAŞKIN E. , TŰRKER A. , YAPICI S.
Published: June 2016

The Collective Article ‘New Mediterranean Biodiversity Records’ of the Mediterranean Marine Science journal offers the means to publish biodiversity records in the Mediterranean Sea. The current article is divided in two parts, for records of native and alien species respectively. The new records of native species include: the neon flying squid Ommastrephes bartramii in Capri Island, Thyrrenian Sea; the bigeye thresher shark Alopias superciliosus in the Adriatic Sea; a juvenile basking shark Cetorhinus maximus caught off Piran (northern Adriatic); the deep-sea Messina rockfish Scorpaenodes arenai in the National Marine Park of Zakynthos (East Ionian Sea, Greece); and the oceanic puffer Lagocephalus lagocephalus in the Adriatic Sea.The new records of alien species include: the red algae Antithamnionella elegans and Palisada maris-rubri, found for the first time in Israel and Greece respectively; the green alga Codium parvulum reported from Turkey (Aegean Sea); the first record of the alien sea urchin Diadema setosum in Greece; the nudibranch Goniobranchus annulatus reported from South-Eastern Aegean Sea (Greece); the opisthobranch Melibe viridis found in Lebanon; the new records of the blue spotted cornetfish Fistularia commersonii in the Alicante coast (Eastern Spain); the alien fish Siganus luridus and Siganus rivulatus in Lipsi Island, Dodecanese (Greece); the first record of Stephanolepis diaspros from the Egadi Islands Marine Protected Area (western Sicily); a northward expansion of the alien pufferfish Torquigener flavimaculosus along the southeastern Aegean coasts of Turkey; and data on the occurrence of the Lessepsian immigrants Alepes djedaba, Lagocephalus sceleratus and Fistularia commersonii in Zakynthos Island (SE Ionian Sea, Greece).
Species identification of small pelagic fish schools by means of hydroacoustics in the Eastern Mediterranean Sea
Authors: TSAGARAKIS K. , GIANNOULAKI M. , PYROUNAKI M. M. , MACHIAS A.
Published: June 2016

Reliable biomass estimates by means of hydroacoustics largely depend on the correct identification of acoustic targets. Data collected during five summer acoustic surveys (2004-2008) in the North Aegean Sea (Greece) were analyzed to explore effective discrimination of small pelagic fish schools according to the species they belong. Discriminant Function Analyses (DFA) using bathymetric, energetic and morphometric school descriptors as explanatory variables were applied per research cruise as well as to pooled data from all surveys. Results revealed that the schools can be successfully classified into the five species considered (anchovy Engraulis encrasicolus, sardine Sardina pilchardus, round sardinella Sardinella aurita, blue whiting Micromessistius poutassou, and Atlantic mackerel Scomber scombrus). The percentage of correct classifications in terms of number of schools was higher in the analyses of the annual cruises (75.6%-95.36%) than in the analysis of pooled data (≈72%). This is because of (i) the lower number of species, as well as (ii) the reduced intraspecific variability, occurring in each separate cruise. Significant differences were detected among school descriptors for the different species, revealing discrete aspects of schooling behaviour for each species. The benefit of the specific approach is that the classification functions of the DFAs can be used to classify a larger set of schools, which has not been possible to assign to specific species. Overall the approach constitutes an objective, more automated and less time consuming procedure for the analysis of acoustic data and can contribute to the improvement of biomass estimates in the area.
Spatio-temporal variability of Borer Polychaetes in Posidonia oceanica beds and its relation to meadow structure
Authors: VASAPOLLO C. , VILLANO L. , GAMBI M. C.
Published: June 2016

Posidonia oceanica forms an extremely productive and complex ecosystem in the coastal Mediterranean Sea providing a suitable habitat for hundreds of plant and animal species. Among motile invertebrates associated to Posidonia meadows,  polychaete borers of the plant sheaths represent a unique group which exploit a peculiar microhabitat. They belong to the family Eunicidae with three dominant species, Lysidice collaris, L. ninetta and L. unicornis. Due to their strong association with Posidonia shoots, these animals are particularly suitable to study the plant and animal spatial relationships and their pattern of variability. The aim of this work was to evaluate the frequency of occurrence of these animals (Index of Borer, IB) at different spatial and temporal (summer vs winter) scales in two Posidonia meadows off the Ischia Island (Gulf of Naples, Italy), which are exposed to different degrees of human impact and of hydrological conditions. Results showed IB values of L. collaris (the most abundant species) significantly different between meadows and at scales from 10s to 100s of meters, as well as between summer and winter. The IB of L. ninetta showed significant differences only at scales of 10s of meters while, on the contrary, the IB of L. unicornis (the less abundant species) did not show variability at any spatial and temporal scales. Most of the variance was at the more impacted and less water movement exposed meadow, suggesting higher level of small and intermediate scales of patchiness of borers at this meadow. These variation patterns  are discussed in relation  to local environmental differences between the studied Posidonia beds.
Biological condition and trophic ecology of the deep-water shrimp Aristaeomorpha foliacea in the Levantine Sea (SW Turkey)
Authors: BAYHAN K. Y. , CARTES J. E. , FANELLI E.
Published: June 2016

The trophic ecology (diets, stable isotope composition) and life cycle (gonado-somatic, GSI, and hepato-somatic, HSI, indices) of Aristaeomorpha foliacea were analysed seasonally (in May, June, and November 2012 and January 2013) off southeast Turkey (Levantine Basin), over the slope at 442-600 m depth. A. foliacea females were mature in June, suggesting gonad maturity was somewhat delayed off southeast Turkey compared to other areas in the Eastern Mediterranean. The HSI of A. foliacea was highest in May and June (8.2% of body weight) for males and both immature and mature females, sharply lower in November (3.5%) and then increasing again in winter (7.1%). Stomach fullness (F) showed a tendency similar to HSI in both females and males, increasing from May to June. A. foliacea had rather low d15N (6.68‰ to 8.26‰) off southeast Turkey, with females having higher d15N with increasing size. The δ13C signal (-14.85 to -14.68‰) indicated that diet was mainly though not exclusively based on zooplankton (pelagic shrimps and small myctophids of 1.3-4.5 mm TL, cnidarians, hyperiids and pteropods). The increase of A. foliacea remains in A. foliacea guts and of some benthic prey (polychaetes, bivalves, gastropods) after the reproductive period would explain the moderate depletion of δ13C in spring-summer. The greatest changes in the diet occurred between periods of water mass stratification (June and November) and periods of water mass homogeneity (May and January), with greater consumption of zooplankton in the latter season. A. foliacea seems to have lower reproductive capacity (GSI 5.6%) than other deep-water species of penaeidae that live shallower (Parapenaues longirostris) and deeper (Aristeus antennatus) than it does. The species has a more specialized zooplankton diet, exploiting short, more efficient trophic chains, which could be an advantage explaining its dominance in oligotrophic areas of the Central-Eastern Mediterranean, including the Turkish slope.
Climate-driven changes in life-history traits of the bastard grunt (Pomadasys incisus) in the north-western Mediterranean
Authors: VILLEGAS-HERNÁNDEZ H. , LLORET J. , MUÑOZ M.
Published: June 2016

This study evaluates the influence of sea water temperature on the life-history traits of the thermophilic bastard grunt Pomadasys incisus in the Catalan coast. We compared two key traits of this species, condition and reproduction, from populations in two separate areas with different thermal regimes: the Gulf of Roses (cold area) and the Ebre Delta (warm area). Specimens were collected monthly from each area between 2010 and 2012. The results were also compared with those given in the literature from sites where the species is more common, i.e. the southern Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic. Our findings indicate that, compared to the populations in warmer environments, the population inhabiting the colder waters appears to be in significantly poorer condition and there is some deviance in their life-history traits: egg size and quality being traded-off for higher egg numbers; lower lengths at maturity and alterations to spawning phenology. A certain degree of plasticity in life-history traits may favour the process of expansion and establishment of this thermophilic species into newly available but colder habitats of the north-western Mediterranean under a scenario of climate change.
Assessment of the environmental status in Hellenic coastal waters (Eastern Mediterranean): from the Water Framework Directive to the Marine Strategy Water Framework Directive.
Authors: SIMBOURA N. , TSAPAKIS M. , PAVLIDOU A. , ASSIMAKOPOULOU G. , PAGOU K. , KONTOYANNIS H. , ZERI C. , KRASAKOPOULOU E. , ROUSSELAKI E. , KATSIARAS N. , DILIBERTO S. , NALETAKI M. , TSIAMIS K. , GERAKARIS V. , DRAKOPOULOU P. , PANAYOTIDIS P.
Published: June 2016

A  methodology is presented to assess the environmental status sensu the Marine Strategy Water Framework Directive (MSFD) based on data obtained from the monitoring of water quality in the Hellenic coastal waters within the Water Framework Directive (WFD).   An adapted decision tree used for integrating the results of the WFD in the Basque country was applied. Modifications lie to the evaluation of the physicochemical status based on a eutrophication index developed for Eastern Mediterranean waters. Results on hydromorphological, physicochemical and biological elements are presented. The chemical status was evaluated based on measurements of heavy metals in water. The evaluation of the biological quality was based on the use of metrics developed for phytoplankton biomass, benthic macroinvertebrates and macroalgae updated to accommodate MSFD needs. Results on the integrative status of the water bodies were validated by correlating classification results with a pressure index and environmental indicators in water column and sediment. Following this decision tree the majority of stations expected to be at risk of achieving the good status were found in moderate status. Benthos was found to be the element with the closest agreement with the integrated final status having an increased weighting in the decision tree. The quality of benthos and in some  limited cases  the eutrophication index determined largely the final status. The highest disagreement with the integrative classification was produced by macroalgae. All indicators used correlated with water and sediment parameters but benthos correlated better with sediment factors while phytoplankton and eutrophication index with water column parameters.
Evaluation of immunologic response of salivary sIg-A in pediatric tuberculosis patients to antigen Ag38-rec of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Indonesian strain
Authors: Raras Tri Yudani Mardining , Pritta Santi Diah Erma , Kusuma HMS Chandra
Published: June 2016

Objective: We studied the immune response of salivary secretory immunoglobulin A (sIg-A) from a pediatric tuberculosis (TB) group (scoring ≥6) and non-TB group (scoring <6) against recombinant Ag38 (Ag38-rec) fromMycobacterium tuberculosis Indonesian strain.

Materials and Methods: Seventy-eight children were divided into three groups; those with TB (n=26), those with suspected TB (n=26), and healthy children (n=26), their saliva was collected, and salivary sIg-A was challenged with purified Ag38-rec using the dot blot method. A change of color from white to dark blue indicated a positive reaction.

Results: The immune response of sIg-A of children with TB and those with suspected TB to Ag38-rec was not significantly different. In the TB group, Ag38-rec showed a higher sensitivity than protein purified derivative (PPD) (70.8% vs. 62.5%), but a lower specificity (26.9% vs. 34.62%). However, within both groups (scoring ≥6) as well as non-TB group (scoring <6) Ag38-rec was able to identify children with a positive TST (tuberculin skin test) better than PPD.

Conclusion: The antigen Ag38-rec could not distinguish between children with TB (scores ≥6 and <6). However, it demonstrated the potential of Ag38-rec for use in screening for TB infection among children with suspect TB (scores <6).
Circadian clock regulation of skeletal muscle growth and repair
Authors: Chatterjee Somik , Ma Ke
Published: June 2016

Accumulating evidence indicates that the circadian clock, a transcriptional/translational feedback circuit that generates ~24-hour oscillations in behavior and physiology, is a key temporal regulatory mechanism involved in many important aspects of muscle physiology. Given the clock as an evolutionarily-conserved time-keeping mechanism that synchronizes internal physiology to environmental cues, locomotor activities initiated by skeletal muscle enable entrainment to the light-dark cycles on earth, thus ensuring organismal survival and fitness. Despite the current understanding of the role of molecular clock in preventing age-related sarcopenia, investigations into the underlying molecular pathways that transmit clock signals to the maintenance of skeletal muscle growth and function are only emerging. In the current review, the importance of the muscle clock in maintaining muscle mass during development, repair and aging, together with its contribution to muscle metabolism, will be discussed. Based on our current understandings of how tissue-intrinsic muscle clock functions in the key aspects muscle physiology, interventions targeting the myogenic-modulatory activities of the clock circuit may offer new avenues for prevention and treatment of muscular diseases. Studies of mechanisms underlying circadian clock function and regulation in skeletal muscle warrant continued efforts.
Competências técnicas e comportamentais docentes na educação a distância: reflexões e apontamentos
Authors: Lengler Fernando Ramos , Dalmau Marcos Baptista Lopez
Published: June 2016

Este artigo analisa o grau das competências necessárias para a atuação docente na modalidade educacional a distância e aponta quais podem ser aprimoradas para o seu exercicio laboral, em uma instituição de ensino superior ofertante de cursos na modalidade. A pesquisa envolve a participação de atores envolvidos com a modalidade que possuem interação com os docentes atuantes. A pesquisa define-se como de natureza descritiva com caráter de estudo de caso. Os instrumentos de coleta são questionários com questões de múltipla escolha, documentos, observação direta e bibliografias. O método de investigação possui delineamento quali-quantitativo e as análises de dados foram realizadas abordando: análise interpretativa e análise estatística de dados. Os resultados indicam que os resultados apresentados podem ser potencializados com aprimoramentos dos docentes acerca das competências técnicas, relacionadas ao domínio pedagógico e domínio comunicativo, e das competências comportamentais, relacionadas ao domínio técnico e domínio pedagógico.
Os encontros de serviço de deficientes visuais em Instituições de Ensino Superior
Authors: Coelho Pedro Felipe da Costa , Orsini Anna Carolina Rodrigues , Abreu Nelsio Rodrigues de
Published: June 2016

O artigo possui o objetivo de compreender a avaliação dos alunos com deficiência visual sobre os encontros de serviço com funcionários de secretaria e professores em Instituições de Ensino Superior (IES). Foi utilizada uma abordagem qualitativa e, assim, realizaram-se 10 entrevistas semiestruturadas face-a-face com estudantes universitários deficientes visuais. Os dados foram coletados através da Técnica do Incidente Crítico (TIC) e as falas obtidas foram analisadas por meio da análise de conteúdo. Concluiu-se que os encontros de serviços foram avaliados negativamente devido à estigmatização e ao preconceito dos colaboradores das IES, principalmente dos professores. A partir da identificação das ações inclusivas e exclusivas das IES e dos incidentes críticos onde a vulnerabilidade de consumo foi observada, também foi evidenciado que o processo de inclusão escolar das IES públicas encontra-se mais avançado em relação às universidades particulares, embora ambas possuam diversas falhas em sua operacionalização.
O colecionador de tatuagens: consumo curatorial e identidade
Authors: Couto de Azevedo de Oliveira Renata , Teixeira Ayrosa Eduardo André
Published: June 2016

Este é um ensaio teórico que pretende discutir, principalmente com base na literatura de estudos de consumo, como o indivíduo, através do consumo de tatuagens, exerce uma espécie de curadoria sobre sua própria pele, tatuando-se ostensivamente e passando de uma identidade não-tatuada para uma de colecionador de tatuagens. Pretende-se explorar as possíveis relações teóricas entre esse padrão de consumo fortemente curatorial (MCCRACKEN, 2003), a questão do self estendido (BELK, 1988) e a da formação e administração de narrativas identitária do colecionador de tatuagens. Busca-se através do trabalho situar o ato de tatuar-se como uma atividade de consumo, bem como explorar seu uso performativo (BUTLER, 2011), ou seja, como os indivíduos tatuados se valem de atos não apenas comportamentais, mas também de fala para expressar uma identidade.
DYNAMICS OF INDICES OF LINOLEIC AND ARACHIDONIC FATTY ACIDS IN CORD BLOOD OF NEWBORNS FROM MOTHERS WITH CYTOMEGALOVIRUS INFECTION
Authors: Дорофиенко  , Dorofienko Nikolay
Published: June 2016

Due to the broad spectrum of influence of polyunsaturated fatty acids of ω-6 family on the development of the fetus and newborn child, the composition of arachidonic fatty acid and its predecessor linoleic fatty acid were studied in blood of the umbilical cord blood of newborns from mothers with chronic reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection. 82 newborns were examined; among them there were 42 infants (the main group) from mothers who had cytomegalovirus infection (titer of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus was 1:1600) in the III trimester. The control group included 42 newborns from healthy women. In the umbilical cord blood of newborns the contents of arachidonic and linoleic fatty acids were identified with gas-liquid chromatography. The study found out that the reactivation of cytomegalovirus infection in the mother (titer of IgG antibodies to cytomegalovirus 1:1600) leads to an increase in the content of linoleic acid by 56% (p<0.001) and of the predecessor of pro-inflammatory eicosanoids - arachidonic acid by 34% (p<0.001) in the cord blood of newborns; it is one of the causes of disturbance of the structural and functional organization of the umbilical artery vessels. Identified changes in umbilical cord blood and umbilical artery endothelium can cause disturbances of the elastic properties of vessels, stagnation and thrombosis of blood vessels and, consequently, disturbances of blood flow between mother and fetus, which can then serve as a factor in the development of fetal hypoxia.
Corrosion reasons in oil-well tubing of oil fields and their life technological support
Authors: Тюсенков Антон , Tyusenkov Anton , Черепашкин С. , Cherepashkin S.
Published: June 2016

Basic reason corrosion destructions, factors intensifying corrosion in oil-well tubing (OWT) of oil fields are analyzed. The main method of protection of OWT inner surface is the use of corrosion inhibitors. The selection of corrosion inhibitors is carried out.
Analysis of error influence in tooth direction upon combined cog-wheels accuracy
Authors: Черепахин Александр , Cherepakhin Aleksandr , Хоров Алексей , Khorov Aleksey
Published: June 2016

The solution of a problem in multi-range of cylindrical cog-wheels is in the use of banded wheels. One of the significant problems of banded wheels consists in decrease of their accuracy at assemblage. In the paper there is considered the influence of torque oscillation at threaded joint tightening upon a bend of a ring gear, and finally upon its accuracy.

In the paper it is shown that the application of mechanized (pneumatic) nut-runners results in: an increase of kinematic accuracy values and smoothness of operation of an assembled cog-wheel and lose of a ring gear not less than for one degree. In the paper the attention is drawn of manufacturers to the necessity of the application of more accurate automated nut-runners and to the certification of a ring gear not only after processing, but also after assembling.
Power aspects of parts strengthening processing under rotating field conditions
Authors: Кочубей Анатолий , Kochubey Anatoliy , Лебедев Валерий , Lebedev Valeriy , Вернигоров Юрий , Vernigorov Yuriy , Чумак Ирина , Chumak Irina
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this theoretical investigation is the modeling of finish-strengthening under conditions of a rotating field for the definition of ferromagnetic indenter kinematic properties. This method is based on functioning devices offered by D.D. Logvinenko. The basis of these devices is an inductor located into the case. This inductor represents a modified stator of an induction motor. In the stator bore there is installed a cylindrical pipe made of nonmagnetic material the inner surface of which limits a working area of the device. From the obtained results of theoretical researches it follows that the kinematic properties of ferromagnetic indenters are defined by field parameters – induction of a direct and an alternating fields, frequency and gradient of induction of an alternating field, and also magnetic and inertial properties of indenters.
Extrapolative Beliefs in Perceptual and Economic Decisions: Evidence of a Common Mechanism
Authors: Frydman Cary , Nave Gideon
Published: June 2016

A critical component of both economic and perceptual decision making under uncertainty is the belief-formation process. However, most research has studied belief formation in economic and perceptual decision making in isolation. One reason for this separate treatment may be the assumption that there are distinct psychological mechanisms that underlie belief formation in economic and perceptual decisions. An alternative theory is that there exists a common mechanism that governs belief formation in both domains. Here, we test this alternative theory by combining a novel computational modeling technique with two well-known experimental paradigms. We estimate a drift-diffusion model (DDM) and provide an analytical method to decode prior beliefs from DDM parameters. Subjects in our experiment exhibit strong extrapolative beliefs in both paradigms. In line with the common mechanism hypothesis, we find that a single computational model explains belief formation in both tasks and that individual differences in belief formation are correlated across tasks.

Data, as supplemental material, are available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2453 .

This paper was accepted by Yuval Rottenstreich, judgment and decision making.
Study of Ruthenium Oxide, Manganese Oxide and Composite (Ru:Mn)O2 thin film Electrodes Assembled by Layer by Layer Spin Coating Method
Authors: Joshi P. S. , Sutrave D. S.
Published: June 2016

Ruthenium oxide, Manganese oxide and (Ru:Mn)O2 composite thin films have been prepared by 0.02M Ruthenium chloride and Manganese acetate solutions respectively on stainless steel substrates by sol-gel spin coating method. Layer by layer deposition of RuO2 and MnO2 was done for composite films. RuO2: MnO2 composite thin films have been demonstrated to be an excellent material for Supercapacitor application when evaluated with RuO2 and MnO2 thin film electrodes with respect to XRD, SEM, CV, CP and EIS studies. As a result, high specific capacitance of 515 F/g at 10 mV/s with excellent stability and long cycle life was obtained, where specific power and energy were as high as 15.38 Wh/kg and 4.06 KW/kg respectively with loading weight of 0.13 mg/cm2 .Composite films showed changes in structural and morphological features which was admiring for supercapacitor applications. The electrochemical impedance measurement was carried out in 0.1M KOH in the frequency range 10 to 105 Hz. From the analysis it can be concluded that mixed oxide composites have superior capacitive performance to single transition metal oxides as electrodes.
The patterns of injury and management of cuboid fractures
Authors: Fenton P. , Al-Nammari S. , Blundell C. , Davies M.
Published: June 2016

Aims

Although infrequent, a fracture of the cuboid can lead to significant disruption of the integrity of the midfoot and its function. The purpose of this study was to classify the pattern of fractures of the cuboid, relate them to the mechanism of injury and suggest methods of managing them.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective review of patients with radiologically reported cuboid fractures. Fractures were grouped according to commonly occurring patterns of injury. A total of 192 fractures in 188 patients were included. They were classified into five patterns of injury.

Results

Type 1 fractures (93 fractures, 48.4%) are simple avulsion injuries involving the capsule of the calcaneo-cuboid joint. Type 2 fractures (25 fractures, 13%) are isolated extra-articular injuries involving the body of the cuboid. Type 3 injuries (13 factures, 6.8%) are intra-articular fractures solely within the body of the cuboid. Type 4 fractures (35 fractures, 18.2%) are associated with disruption of the midfoot and tarsometatarsal injuries. Type 5 fractures (26 fractures, 13.5%) occur in conjunction with disruption of the mid-tarsal joint and either crushing of the lateral column alone or of both medial and lateral columns. Fractures with significant articular disruption or with loss of length of the lateral column underwent fixation. This involved either internal fixation to restore the anatomy of the cuboid and/or restoration of the length of the columns with bridging constructs using internal or external fixation.

Conclusion

A classification system for fractures of the cuboid is proposed in relation to the mechanism of injury. The treatment of these fractures is described. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:1003–8.
Metallic hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of end-stage hallux rigidus
Authors: Clement N. D. , MacDonald D. , Dall G. F. , Ahmed I. , Duckworth A. D. , Shalaby H. S. , McKinley J.
Published: June 2016

Aims

To examine the mid-term outcome and cost utility of the BioPro metallic hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of hallux rigidius.

Patients and Methods

We reviewed 97 consecutive BioPro metallic hemiarthroplasties performed in 80 patients for end-stage hallux rigidus, with a minimum follow-up of five years. There were 19 men and 61 women; their mean age was 55 years (22 to 74). No patient was lost to follow-up.

Results

A total of 12 patients (15 first metatarso-phalangeal joints (MTPJs)) required a revision; one for infection, two for osteolysis and 12 for pain. The all cause rate of survival at five years was 85.6% (95% confidence interval (CI) 83.5 to 87.9). Younger age was a significant predictor of revision (odds ratio 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17, p = 0.014) on excluding infection and adjusting for confounding variables (Cox regression). Significant improvements were demonstrated at five years in the Manchester Oxford Foot Questionnaire (13.9, 95% CI 10.5 to 17.2) and in the physical component of the Short Form-12 score (6.5, 95% CI 4.1 to 8.9). The overall rate of satisfaction was 75%. The cost per quality adjusted life year at five years, accounting for a 14% rate of revision was between £4431 and £6361 depending on the complexity and morbidity of the patient.

Conclusion

The BioPro hemiarthroplasty offers good short to mid-term functional outcome and is a cost effective intervention. The relatively high revision rate is associated with younger age and perhaps the use of this implant should be limited to older patients. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:945–51.
The manufacture of generic replicas of implants for arthroplasty of the hip and knee
Authors: Atrey A. , Heylen S. , Gosling O. , Porteous M. J. L. , Haddad F. S.
Published: June 2016

Joint replacement of the hip and knee remain very satisfactory operations. They are, however, expensive. The actual manufacturing of the implant represents only 30% of the final cost, while sales and marketing represent 40%. Recently, the patents on many well established and successful implants have expired. Companies have started producing and distributing implants that purport to replicate existing implants with good long-term results.

The aims of this paper are to assess the legality, the monitoring and cost saving implications of such generic implants. We also assess how this might affect the traditional orthopaedic implant companies.

Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:892–900.
Partnering with Your Librarian: Leveraging the Framework for Information Literacy for Higher Education Across Disciplines
Authors: Butler Kathy , Mattson Janna , Oberlies Mary
Published: June 2016

The Association of College and Research Libraries recently adopted the Framework for Information Literacy in Higher Education, consisting of six core concepts: (1) authority is constructed and contextual, (2) information creation as a process, (3) information has value, (4) research as inquiry, (5) scholarship as conversation, and (6) searching as strategic exploration. A dramatic shift away from the competencies previously used to define information literacy, these core concepts encourage librarians to provide learner-centered, discipline-specific information literacy instruction that asks the learner to examine all information critically.This poster provides an examination of what these core concepts mean in different academic disciplines and how this is reflected in teaching practice. Specific examples of active learning and partnerships between discipline faculty and librarians at Mason will be showcased, focusing on the methods for information literacy instruction and assessment include traditional face to face teaching, extended learning, and eLearning.
Coaching: a response
Authors: Sanders David
Published: June 2016

With a coach now available for every part of life (including life itself), is it something that surgeons should embrace?
The Profits of Financialization
Authors: Lapavitsas Costas , Mendieta-Muñoz Ivan
Published: July 2016

The financialization of capitalism has been marked by the sustained rise of financial profits. In the United States, financial profits as a proportion of total profits rose enormously from the early 1980s to the early 2000s, collapsed during 2007–09, and subsequently recovered, but without reaching previous heights. During this period, the trend of the average rate of profit has been largely flat. The relative rise of financial profits in spite of stagnant average profitability represents a theoretical and empirical conundrum. We will argue that the answer should be sought partly in financial expropriation, but also in public interest rates kept at extraordinarily low levels. In this light, the rise of financial profits represents a vast public subsidy to the financial system characteristic of financialization.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
Monopoly Capital in the Classroom
Authors: Meeropol Michael
Published: July 2016

In 1964, I began my graduate studies at Cambridge University. The reading list included a book by Josef Steindl with the intriguing title Maturity and Stagnation in American Capitalism. I read it, and was immediately drawn to the last chapter, "Karl Marx and the Accumulation of Capital." Aside from reading the first few chapters of Capital in a study group, I had not yet read any of Marx's economic writings (predictably, none had been assigned in any of my college courses). However, that last chapter persuaded me that Steindl's analysis aligned with what I understood to be Marx's general vision about the "laws of motion" of capitalist economies.… This set the stage for my reading of Baran and Sweezy's Monopoly Capital in the spring of 1966. I devoured that book. I doubt that I got up from the kitchen table until I had read it from cover to cover.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.