bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Risk Factors Associated with Congenital Anomalies in Newborns
Authors: Sadough Shahmirzady Panteha , Esteghamati Abdoulreza , Sadough Azita , Sarvi Fatemeh
Published: May 2020

Background: Congenital anomalies are a physical impairment that occurring to baby at birth. About 10% of anomalies are caused by teratogenic effect, including chemicals, viruses, physical agents, and medications. Objectives: This study was conducted to determine the risk factors of congenital anomalies in newborns. Methods: 332 infants with congenital anomalies (case group) and 332 healthy infants (control group) were compared in this case-control study, which was conducted in Akbar Abadi Hospital from April 2016 to April 2017, on infants who are diagnosed with congenital anomalies, based on a first pediatric examination. The data obtained from these infants were analyzed, based on questionnaires and clinical records. Results: The adjusted odds ratio (OR) estimate of congenital anomalies were 1.045 for increasing maternal age, 2.47 for consanguineous parents, 4.42 for positive maternal disease (hypertension, Diabetes, hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism) compared to negative maternal disease, 1.92 for cesarean section compared to natural vaginal delivery, 3.02 for positive history of abortion compared to negative history of abortion, 1.136 for father’s age, 2.47 for smoking mothers compared to non-smoking mothers, 3.27 for mothers with the history of having child with abnormality compared to mothers who did not have child with abnormality, and 0.91for gestational age. Conclusions: maternal disease, the history of having child with abnormality, and the history of abortion were the most effective factors in anomalies. In the next step, the consanguineous parents, smoking, the type of delivery, and father’s age were important risk factors. Finally, maternal age and gestational age had significant effect on anomaly.
The Problem of Transition in Kant’s Opus Postumum
Authors: Serin İsmail ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: May 2020

In this paper, I try to reveal the nature of the transition problem in Kant’s Opus Postumum. Scientific developments in eighteenth century, particularly the ones in chemistry, forces philosophers to re-evaluate the role of scientific findings in the philosophical debates. In addition to these crucial developments, we observe that the a prioricity for Kant primarily depends on the physical nature of the matter which implies moving forces, but the developments in chemistry add a new dimension to the problem. Once again, Kant, after the publication of the third Critique, starts to think about the possibility of a transition from The Metaphysical Foundation of Natural Science to physics. If we succeed to construct a proper transition, we not only save the sciences from being just aggregation of the empirical data, but we may fill the gap between the knowledge about the matter and the nature as a whole.
Bir Eksik Demokrasi
Authors: Akkin Okan ,   Kilikya Felsefe Dergisi
Published: May 2020

Bu metinde Deleuze ve Guattari (D+G)’nin demokrasi kavrayışı, algılamlar ve duygulamlar ile düşünen sanatın “demokratik-oluşa” ilişkin hayal gücüne dayanarak ele alınacaktır. Demokrasi, D+G için ulaşılması düşlenebilecek siyasi bir hedef ya da dünya için uygun bir yönetim biçiminin adı olmadığı gibi, bir temsil mekanizması olduğu kertede—çoğunluk tahakkümünü desteklediği için—negatif anlamlarla yüklü bir sistemdir. Demokrasiyi olumlamanın tek yolu onu bir toplumsal ölçüm aracı olarak sabitleyen yönetimsel boyutundan arındırıp eksilterek “çokluk” ve “oluş” ile yeniden ilişkilendirmektir. Bu bağlamda, demokrasi ancak demokratik-oluş, devrimci-oluş ve azınlık-oluş kavramlarıyla bir arada ele alındığında olumlanabilir. Öte yandan, demokrasi hakkında fikir yürütmenin yegâne yöntemi ana akım siyaset felsefesi yapmak ya da meslekten siyasetçilik değildir. “Sanatın kendiliğinden siyaseti” demokratik-oluşu düşünmek için yararlı olabilir; çünkü kendisi de bir düşünme biçimi olan sanat, siyaset üzerine düşünürken, gündelik hayatta gerçekleşmesi zor olan ya da üzerinde ancak kuramsal düzeyde konuşulabilecek çoğu meseleyi, yalnızca eserin kendi dünyasında olsa da, yaşayan bir düzleme yerleştirebilir. Kısacası, bir temsil aygıtına dönüşmediği takdirde, sanat ilgili olduğu tüm oluşların yanı sıra demokratik-oluşu düşünmenin de vasıtası olabilir.
Riscos e rabiscos na iniciação à docência em arte
Authors: Esmeris Sabrina , Mügge Ernani
Published: May 2020

O presente artigo tem como foco a importância da pesquisa na iniciação à docência, bem como sua aplicabilidade e resultados. O objetivo é apontar a relevância de programas como o PIBID para os estudantes que pretendem seguir na carreira de docentes. Para isso, este trabalho desenvolve diálogos a partir dos processos e produtos de um Subprojeto PIBID Artes Visuais da UFRGS, cujas tarefas se desenvolveram em articulação com uma escola situada na cidade de Porto Alegre. Desse modo, é possível compreender a significância de programas que não atingem resultados isolados, visto que seus efeitos surgem na relação entre Educação Superior e Escolas de Ensino Básico, envolvendo os alunos e professores universitários, assim como a comunidade escolar da Educação Básica.
A valorização das artes visuais africanas em escolas
Authors: Silva Caroline Fagundes da , Teixeira Claudia de Souza
Published: May 2020

Neste trabalho, buscamos mostrar como o ensino de Artes Visuais pode contribuir para uma maior compreensão e aceitação das artes africanas. Levando em consideração as dificuldades para promover uma educação que valorize o multiculturalismo e as diversidades culturais, defendemos que a adoção da abordagem triangular de Barbosa (1998) pode ajudar a diminuir estereótipos e preconceitos em relação à cultura africana. Para comprovar essa ideia, relatamos uma experiência didática com uma turma de Ensino Fundamental I de uma escola municipal de Duque de Caxias (RJ), em que, numa sequência de atividades pautada no alfabetismo visual, foram observados os elementos básicos da linguagem visual das máscaras africanas, traçando paralelos com pinturas cubistas de Pablo Picasso. A partir do referencial teórico e das atividades realizadas, evidenciou-se a necessidade de ações educativas permanentes que valorizem o multiculturalismo, as diversidades e, em especial, as artes africanas.
Docência Nômade – narrativas e deslocamentos na formação de professores em Artes Visuais
Authors: Nunes Aline
Published: May 2020

A escrita propõe-se a pensar sobre a potência e as implicações de uma docência nômade frente aos processos formativos contemporâneos em Artes Visuais. Problematiza-se a ideia de docência nômade na qual, por meio da abordagem metodológica da Investigação Narrativa, são lançadas possibilidades de diálogo e experimentação em diferentes disciplinas ministradas em um curso de Licenciatura em Artes Visuais.  Neste recorte a docência em artes visuais é tomada enquanto territorialidade, produzida e experienciada a partir dos agenciamentos entre os referenciais dos estudantes e aqueles lançados pela docente, ao longo de um semestre letivo.
Save your artist! Der Einfluss moralischer Appelle von Musikschaffenden auf die Akzeptanz von kostenpflichtigen Musikstreamingdiensten
Authors: Henning Fabian , Ruth Nicolas
Published: May 2020

Obwohl im Jahr 2018 erstmals der digitale den physischen Musikkonsum in Deutschland überholte, sind viele Musiker*innen nicht überzeugt von Musikstreamingdiensten wie Spotify. Dabei verkennen sie, dass Streaming ein nachhaltiges Konzept ist, das lukrativer für sie sein könnte als CD-Verkäufe. In den letzten Jahren hat die Technologie-Akzeptanzforschung sich häufiger mit der Nutzungsbereitschaft von Musikstreamingdiensten beschäftigt. Die theoretische Grundlage für diese Untersuchungen ist das Technology Acceptance Model. Verschiedene Studien zeigten, dass spezielle Komponenten der Software zu einer höheren Akzeptanz führen können. Zudem wurde der Einfluss moralischer Appelle auf die Nutzung von legalen und illegalen digitalen Musikangeboten untersucht, da das moralische Urteil der Konsument*innen einen Einfluss auf die Nutzungsabsicht kostenpflichtiger Streamingdienste hat. Folglich soll die vorliegende Studie das Zusammenspiel von der Akzeptanz der Technologie und den Appellen bekannter Musiker*innen, die den Hörer*innen erläutern, dass kostenpflichtige Musikangebote eine wichtige Einnahmequelle für sie sind, untersuchen und zeigen, ob sie zu einer erhöhten Nutzungsabsicht führen. Für diesen Zweck wurde ein 2x1-between-subjects Experiment online durchgeführt. Mithilfe eines manipulierten Interviews mit Ed Sheeran wurde der Einfluss eines moralischen Appells auf Nutzungsabsicht, moralisches Urteil und moralische Verpflichtung in Abhängigkeit von wahrgenommener Unterhaltung und wahrgenommener Nützlichkeit untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Nutzer*innen, die einen moralischen Appell gelesen haben, ein positiveres moralisches Urteil gegenüber kostenpflichtigen Streamingdiensten haben als Nutzer*innen, die keinen Appell gelesen haben. Zudem zeigte sich, dass die Nutzungsabsicht stieg, je positiver die moralische Beurteilung und die wahrgenommene Nützlichkeit des Dienstes waren. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass ein prominenter Appell die Wahrnehmung der Nutzer*innen positiv beeinflussen kann.
Keanekaragaman dan komposisi kumbang elaterid (Coleoptera: Elateridae) di kawasan hutan hujan tropis Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas dan Hutan Harapan, Jambi
Authors: Kasmiatun Kasmiatun , Nazarreta Rizky , Buchori Damayanti
Published: May 2020

Provinsi Jambi merupakan salah satu daerah di Indonesia yang memiliki hutan hujan tropis dengan karakteristik lanskap berbeda di setiap wilayah. Beragam jenis flora dan fauna dapat ditemukan di kawasan hutan hujan tropis ini, di antaranya kumbang elaterid. Kumbang elaterid diketahui berperan penting sebagai bioindikator dalam penelitian ekologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memelajari pengaruh perbedaan lanskap terhadap keanekaragaman dan komposisi kumbang elaterid. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di daerah Jambi pada dua lanskap hutan hujan tropis, yaitu lanskap Taman Nasional Bukit Duabelas (TNBD) dan Hutan Harapan. Kumbang elaterid dikumpulkan melalui metode pengasapan (fogging) yang dilakukan pada pagi hari. Pada setiap lanskap ditentukan 4 plot dan pada masing-masing plot terdiri atas 3 subplot sehingga total subplot yang diamati di kedua lanskap sebanyak 24 subplot. Total kumbang elaterid yang terkoleksi sebanyak 2.069 individu, terdiri atas 6 subfamili, 23 genus, dan 59 morfospesies. Jumlah individu tertinggi ditemukan pada lanskap Hutan Harapan, sedangkan jumlah morfospesies tertinggi ditemukan pada lanskap TNBD. Kumbang elaterid yang mendominasi kedua lanskap terdiri atas Subfamili Agrypninae dengan Genus Adelocera dan morfospesies Adelocera sp.01. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan lanskap memengaruhi komposisi dan kelimpahan individu kumbang elaterid, akan tetapi tidak memengaruhi kekayaan spesies kumbang elaterid.
Pengaruh sinar bulan terhadap telur Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) pada lahan bawang merah
Authors: Triwidodo Hermanu , Fauziah St Nurlaela
Published: May 2020

Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) merupakan serangga nokturnal dan menjadi salah satu hama penting di pertanaman bawang merah. Aktifitas serangga nokturnal dipengaruhi oleh sinar bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sinar bulan terhadap perilaku letakan telur, yaitu jumlah kelompok telur, jumlah telur per kelompok telur, dan pola distribusi kelompok telur S. exigua. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tiga lahan bawang merah di Kabupaten Brebes, Jawa Tengah selama bulan baru, setengah, dan penuh. Pengambilan sampel meliputi pengamatan jumlah kelompok telur, jumlah telur per kelompok telur, dan pola distribusi kelompok telur S. exigua pada setiap plot pengamatan. Penentuan pola distribusi kelompok telur S. exigua berdasarkan indeks Morisita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kelompok telur dan jumlah telur per kelompok telur selalu meningkat dari bulan baru, setengah, dan penuh. Secara umum, pola distribusi kelompok telur S. exigua adalah mengelompok pada tiga kondisi sinar bulan. Intensitas sinar bulan yang tinggi (bulan penuh) dapat meningkatkan jumlah kelompok telur dan jumlah telur per kelompok telur S. exigua serta berpotensi menimbulkan serangan yang lebih parah.
First Michigan Record and Second Report of a Big-Headed Fly (Diptera: Pipunculidae) Parasitic upon Crane Flies (Diptera: Tipulidae)
Authors: TABER STEPHEN W. , STINE SARAH A. , KELLER OLIVER
Published: May 2020

A recently discovered parasite of crane flies is reported for the first time from Michigan. The single previous report of such a natural enemy was the original discovery in Pennsylvania as published in 2007. A larva of a big-headed fly of the genus Nephrocerus Zetterstedt exited the abdomen of an adult female Tipula tephrocephala Loew that was caught while in flight. The host species and the state are new records for this parasitoid genus.
The Tortuous History of the Mutual-Mistake Defense in Michigan Contract Law
Authors: STOCKMEYER NORMAN OTTO
Published: May 2020

Imagine a world where courts stopped enforcing contracts. There would be a complete breakdown in commerce. Yet courts do not enforce all contracts. Contracts that are the product of fraud or duress, for example, are voidable. The law must strike a balance between protecting legitimate expectations and policing against contract wrongdoing.

What if a contract is the product of a mistake? No one was at fault, yet the contract is not what the parties supposed. Should a court enforce it? Sherwood v. Walker (1887) is a landmark case in which the Michigan Supreme Court established the defense of mutual mistake, refusing to enforce a contract that was the product of the parties' erroneous assumption.

Sherwood v Walker is still taught in law schools today, and has been cited as authority by courts across the country. But since it was decided, Michigan's high court has twice repudiated the case, only to later embrace it again. This paper explores the convoluted history of the defense of mutual mistake in Michigan contract law.
What Happens to Plant Cover and Species Diversity When an Extensive Green Roof System Is Tilted? A Case Study on Green Roof Design, Old Mission Peninsula, Michigan
Authors: JONES ERIK , MILLER THERESA , MONSMA JEREMY , PUSZYKOWSKI JILLIAN , WESTPHAL JOANNE
Published: May 2020

This paper describes plant species composition and coverage changes that occurred on an extensive (shallow) green roof system exposed to direct solar exposure and steep roof conditions over time. The green roof system, installed in August, 2005, involved a pre-seeded, manufactured mat product that initially was vegetated with twelve plant species. During the interim between installation and data collection for this paper, no maintenance, fertilizer, or irrigation was applied, despite the fact that observable differences in plant coverage were noted. In April, 2009, undergraduate student researchers revisited the green roof system and examined the green roof for species composition and absolute plant cover. These data were compared to a control area where solar incidence and slope were comparable to the conditions found on a flat roof system. This paper reports on the findings of this study, and offers insight to the types of modifications in extensive green roof technology that may be necessary if extensive green roof application is to be useful for steep roof conditions in cold climate environments.
Selected Topics on Socio-technical Perspective in Information Systems: Editorial Introduction to Issue 22 of CSIMQ
Authors: Bednar Peter , Nolte Alexander
Published: May 2020

This thematic issue of the Complex Systems Informatics and Modeling Quarterly (CSIMQ) journal is dedicated to fostering a socio-technical perspective in the Information Systems (IS) field. The contemporary perspective has developed a lot over the years and the socio-technical agenda continues to be relevant.  The issue contains a selection of extended papers presented at STPIS’19 – 5th International Workshop on Socio-Technical Perspective in IS Development held on June 10, 2019 in Stockholm, Sweden in conjunction with the 27th European Conference on Information Systems (ECIS). The workshop featured presentations of 13 papers and 3 posters and was attended by more than 30 participants from 8 different countries (Sweden, Norway, Finland, UK, Germany, Italy, Switzerland, and the US). Four of the presented papers were extended for publication in this special issue. The articles presented in this thematic issue contain at least 30% new material compared to the papers initially submitted for the workshop. The last included article was submitted as a regular contribution to the CSIMQ journal and was selected to be included into this thematic issue because of its close connection to the topic of socio-technical systems.
Spatial structure of boreal woodland caribou populations in northwest Canada
Authors: Wilson Steve , Sutherland Glenn , Larter Nicholas , Kelly Allicia , McLaren Ashley , Hodson James , Hegel Troy , Steenweg Robin , Hervieux Dave , Nudds Tom
Published: May 2020

Local population units (LPUs) were delineated in Canada’s recovery strategy for threatened boreal woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou). Population viability analyses central to contemporary integrated risk assessments of LPUs implicitly assume geographic closure. Several LPUs in northwest Canada, however, were in part delineated by geopolitical boundaries and/or included large areas in the absence of evidence of more finely resolved population spatial structure. We pooled >1.2 million locations from >1200 GPS or VHF-collared caribou from northeast British Columbia, northwest Alberta and southwestern Northwest Territories. Bayesian cluster analysis generated 10 alternative candidate LPUs based on a spatial cluster graph of the extent of pairwise co-occurrence of collared caribou. Up to four groups may be artifacts in as yet under-sampled areas. Four were mapped LPUs that were conserved (Prophet, Parker, Chinchaga and Red Earth).  One small group between Parker and Snake-Sahtaneh known locally as the “Fort Nelson core,” and outside any mapped LPU, was also conserved. Finally, one large group, at >136000 km2, spanned all three jurisdictions and subsumed all of six delineated LPUs (Maxhamish, Snake-Sahtaneh, Calendar, Bistcho, Yates, Caribou Mountains) and part of southern Northwest Territories. These results suggest less geographic closure of LPUs than those currently delineated, but further analyses will be required to better reconcile various sources of knowledge about local population structure in this region.
The Sexual Throughout the Body of the Tongue
Authors: De Souza Jr. Paulo Sérgio
Published: May 2020

In Fragment 19 of the Harvard Manuscripts, Saussure claims that difference, since it admits degrees, is an uncomfortable term. If anatomy as destiny (Freud, 1912, 1924) is more nuanced than one would like, since it also admits degrees, and anatomical difference does not mitigate the ultimate impossibility of conjugation between speaking beings (Lacan, 1991), how to think of the transit/translation between bodies and where to situate the differences that belong to them? In order to propose an answer, this paper starts from this hypothesis that it is advisable to develop this reflection about sexual difference a couple of feet above the waistline, foregrounding another organ (the tongue), what allows us to critically rethink the entanglement between gender and anatomy in psychoanalysis, in favor of the notion of style.
The interplay between EU legislation and effectiveness, effective judicial protection and the right to an effective remedy in EU public procurement law
Authors: Caranta Roberto
Published: May 2020

Until recently, the remedies directives were the only benchmark used by the Court of Justice to assess the legality of national remedial rules. The general principles of equivalence, effectiveness and effective judicial protection have been rarely invoked, and when they have, this has
only happened in recent years. Recourse to the Charter has been even rarer and has only exceptionally resulted in accrued judicial protection as compared to what is already provided by the remedies directives. Today the Court seems in some cases to switch from being too focused on the remedies
directives to becoming oblivious of their effet utile. Taking the Charter into considerations does not yet translate in an advancement of the protection of the rights of economic operators.
The standard of fundamental rights protection in the field of asylum: The case of the right to an effective remedy between EU law and the Italian Constitution
Authors: Favilli Chiara
Published: May 2020

Asylum is an example of multilevel protection of fundamental rights in the European legal space, where different standards apply at both national and European level. As far as EU law is concerned, the current standard of protection is mainly regulated by secondary legislation. However,
the search for compromisebased solutions when adopting EU legislative measures nurtures a decreasing trend in terms of the level of protection guaranteed to the rights of asylum seekers or refugees. The result at the national level, at least in some Member States, is the decrease of the standard
deriving from national constitutions in the name of European harmonization. The right to an effective remedy in the field of asylum is an example of this phenomenon, with poor obligations deriving from the relevant EU legislation and an approach of the CJEU that appears to be more restrictive
than that of the ECtHR. In order to contain this perverse trend, the EU institutions involved in the law-making process and the Court of Justice should take seriously their duty – now firmly grounded on EU primary law provisions, notably in the Charter – to avoid conflicts with
national standards and to ensure the coherence with the standard of protection guaranteed to the right to an effective remedy by the ECHR.
Identification of key miRNAs in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma using an integrated bioinformatics approach
Authors: Zheng Qi , Wei Xiaoyong , Rao Jun , Zhou Cuncai
Published: May 2020

Backgroud

It has been shown that aberrant expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) and transcriptional factors (TFs) is tightly associated with the development of HCC. Therefore, in order to further understand the pathogenesis of HCC, it is necessary to systematically study the relationship between the expression of miRNAs, TF and genes. In this study, we aim to identify the potential transcriptomic markers of HCC through analyzing common microarray datasets, and further establish the differential co-expression network of miRNAs–TF–mRNA to screen for key miRNAs as candidate diagnostic markers for HCC.

Method

We first downloaded the mRNA and miRNA expression profiles of liver cancer from the GEO database. After pretreatment, we used a linear model to screen for differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNAs. Further, we used weighed gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) to construct the differential gene co-expression network for these DEGs. Next, we identified mRNA modules significantly related to tumorigenesis in this network, and evaluated the relationship between mRNAs and TFs by TFBtools. Finally, the key miRNA was screened out in the mRNA–TF–miRNA ternary network constructed based on the target TF of differentially expressed miRNAs, and was further verified with external data set.

Results

A total of 465 DEGs and 215 differentially expressed miRNAs were identified through differential genes expression analysis, and WGCNA was used to establish a co-expression network of DEGs. One module that closely related to tumorigenesis was obtained, including 33 genes. Next, a ternary network was constructed by selecting 256 pairs of mRNA–TF pairs and 100 pairs of miRNA–TF pairs. Network mining revealed that there were significant interactions between 18 mRNAs and 25 miRNAs. Finally, we used another independent data set to verify that miRNA hsa-mir-106b and hsa-mir-195 are good classifiers of HCC and might play key roles in the progression of HCC.

Conclusion

Our data indicated that two miRNAs—hsa-mir-106b and hsa-mir-195—are identified as good classifiers of HCC.
A QUEBRA DA QUARTA PAREDE COMO RECURSO METAFICCIONAL NO LONGA “CURTINDO A VIDA ADOIDADO”
Authors: Pereira Renata França , Santos Naiara Sales Araújo
Published: May 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar como se dá o processo de quebra da quarta parede na narrativa cinematográfica, assim como os possíveis efeitos do uso de tal estratégia. Para tal, decidiu-se tomar como objeto de estudo a produção estadunidense Curtindo a vida adoidado (Ferris Bueller’s day off), dirigida por John Hughes, lançada em 1986. Para a análise, lança-se mão de arcabouço teórico-metodológico fundamentado em Bahiana (2012), Bernardo (2010), Steindorff (2015), entre outros. Inicialmente, realizou-se uma investigação a fim de elucidar o conceito de metaficção e suas variações com base nos conceitos de ficção e metalinguagem. A seguir, identificamos a ocorrência, na obra fílmica selecionada, do uso da estratégia supracitada para, então, confrontarmos com os conceitos anteriormente compilados. Dentre os principais achados deste estudo, identificamos em análise que um dos efeitos da quebra da quarta parede foi a alteração do plano diegético da obra fílmica. Temos um narrador que é ciente de si, da narrativa em que se insere, do espectador e da ficcionalidade da realidade que habita.
Detection of Tea Export Potentiality from Bangladesh in the World Market: An Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) Approach
Authors: Noman A. U. , Majumder S. , Imam M. F. , Hossain M. J. , Elahi F. , Akter K.
Published: May 2020

Export plays an important role in promoting economic growth and development. The study is conducted to make an efficient forecasting of tea export from Bangladesh for mitigating the risk of export in the world market. Forecasting has been done by fitting Box-Jenkins type autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. The best ARIMA model is selected by comparing the criteria- coefficient of determination (R2), root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean absolute error (MAE) and Bayesian information criteria (BIC). Among the Box-Jenkins ARIMA type models for tea export the ARIMA (1,1,3) model is the most appropriate one for forecasting and the forecast values in thousand kilogram for the year 2017-18, 2018-19, 2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22, are 1096.48, 812.83, 1122.02, 776.25 and 794.33 with upper limit 1819.70, 1348.96, 1862.09, 1288.25, 1318.26 and lower limit 660.69, 489.78, 676.08, 467.74, 478.63, respectively. So, the result of this model may be helpful for the policymaker to make an export development plan for the country.
Sustainable Development of the Steppe in the Region of El Bayadh, Approach to a New Fattening System
Authors: Brahim Mekhloufi Moulay , Khader Mohamed , Nouri Tayeb , Latifa Mahari
Published: May 2020

The objective of this research is to follow the evolution and sustainability of the natural resource management systems adopted by different breeders found in the Al Bayadh region in Algeria. Using a stratified sampling method, 52 farms were surveyed between 2010 and 2015 to capture the diversity of farming systems and identify changes in land use patterns. The findings of the research reveal a predominance of sedentary and semi-transhumant farming systems with a sharp decline in nomadism. This study enabled us to identify three types of breeding: sedentary breeding systems with short-term fattening (type 1), semi-sedentary systems with medium-term fattening (type 2), and transhumant/nomadic systems with long-term fattening (type 3) that therefore reflect a diversity of actions in the management of the risk that threaten livestock production.
Ameliorative Effect of Citrullus lanatus (Water Melon) Seeds on Alloxan Induced Hepato and Nephro Toxicity
Authors: Ogbeifun H. E. , Peters D. E. , Monanu M. O.
Published: May 2020

Some data suggested that the seeds of water melon may have therapeutic benefits. We here attempted to determine ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Citrullus lanatus (water melon) seeds on alloxan-induced hepato- and nephrotoxicity on wistar rats. Rats were divided into 11 groups, with each group consisting of 3 rats. Groups 2-11 received single dose of 120 mg/kg b.wt. of alloxan monohydrate intraperitoneally. Groups 4 and 5 orally received a dose of 100 mg/kg b.w. of metformin for 7 & 21 days. Groups 6, 8 and 10 orally received 200 mg/kg b.w., 400 mg/kg b.w., and 600 mg/kg b.w. of the extract respectively for 7 days while groups 7, 9 and 11 orally received same doses respectively for 21 days. The most abundant phytochemicals present in the seeds sample were flavonoids mainly catechin (70.88 ± 0.21) and anthocyanin (42.11 ± 0.89). Blood samples were collected 24 hours after 7 and 21 days of treatment. Biochemical analyses were conducted on liver-injury, kidney-injury, and oxidative-stress markers. Liver/kidney histopathology were examined. Result revealed significant (p≤0.05) reduction in liver enzyme activities, creatinine and urea and malondialdehyde levels, while the electrolyte concentrations significantly increased in the extract treated groups on day 7 and 21 when measured against group 1. The histopathological examination revealed regeneration of the liver/kidney tissues in the extract treated groups mostly in 10 and 11. Thus, aqueous extract of water melon seeds ameliorated alloxan induced hepato-/nephron-toxicity in diabetic rats.
Yield, Quality and Economics of Various Rice Varieties of Telangana as Affected by Saline Irrigation Water under Different Agronomic Management Options
Authors: Prashanthi Botha , Suresh K. , Ramulu V. , Sridevi S.
Published: May 2020

Aim: To evaluate the impact of saline irrigation water on yield, quality and economics of various rice varieties under different agronomic management options.

Study Design: The experiment was laid out in strip-plot design with three replications.

Place and Duration of Study: At College Farm, College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad, during kharif, 2018.

Methodology: After the preliminary layout, local variety of dhaincha was broadcasted in the experimental site with seed rate of 40 kg ha-1 and incorporated during initiation of flowering in the respective treatment plots. Farm Yard Manure (FYM) (10 t ha-1) was applied and thoroughly mixed with the soil. Four rice varieties RNR-15048, KNM-118, JGL11118 and CSR-36 were were choosen because of its popularity in Telangana and raised well in advance and transplanted in respective treatments.

Results: The highest grain and straw yield was recorded by CSR 36 followed by (fb) RNR 15048 in combination with GM (In situ green manuring), Among the varieties, the highest amylose content was registered by JGL 11118 (24.16%) followed by RNR 15048 (21.9%). The highest L/B ratio was recorded by RNR 15048 (3.33) which was significantly higher than CSR 36 (3.20) and JGL 11118 (3.13). The highest head rice recovery was observed in CSR 36 which was on par with RNR 15048. In situ green manuring in RNR 15048 variety of Telangana received higher income. Under control treatment only the recommended dose of fertilizers (120:60:40 kg ha-1) was applied.

Conclusion: GM should therefore be done under saline water irrigation in registering superior yield, quality and economics in RNR 15048 in the district of Telangana.
Dosimetric impact of tracheostomy devices in head and neck cancer patients
Authors: Lee Justin , Ramadan Sherif , Kim Anthony , Alayed Yasir , Ravi Ananth
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The tracheostomy site and adjacent skin is at risk for recurrence in head/neck squamous cell cancer patients. The tracheostomy tube is an in situ device located directly over the tracheostomy site and may have clinical implications on the radiation dose delivered to the peristomal region. This study aimed to investigate this effect by comparing the prescribed treatment planning dose with the actual dose in vivo to the peristomal clinical target region. A retrospective, dosimetric study was performed with approval of the institutional research ethics board.

Methods

Fifteen patients who had received high‐dose radiotherapy to the tracheostomy region with in vivo dose measurements were included. The radiation dose at the skin surface underneath the tracheostomy device was measured using an optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter (OSLD) and was compared with the prescribed dose from the radiation planning system. The effect of the tracheostomy flange and/or soft tissue equivalent bolus on the peristomal dose was calculated.

Results and discussion

Patients with tracheostomy equipment in situ were found to have a 3.7% difference between their prescribed and actual dose. With a tissue equivalent bolus there was a 2.0% difference between predicted and actual. The mean prescribed single fraction dose (mean = 191.8 cGy, SD = 40.18) and OSLD measured dose (mean = 194.02 cGy, SD = 44.3) were found to have no significant difference. However, with the flange excluded from the planning simulation (density = air) target skin dose deviated from predicted by an average of 55.3% (range = 12.4–72.9, SD = 22.5) and volume coverage was not achieved.

Conclusion

In summary, the tracheostomy flange acts like bolus with a twofold increase in the skin surface dose. Changes in the peristomal apparatus from simulation to treatment needs to be considered to ensure that the simulated dose and coverage is achieved.
Nanomaterials for Combinational Radio–Immuno Oncotherapy
Authors: Wang Juan , Li Zhongmin , Wang Zhongtang , Yu Yonghua , Li Di , Li Baosheng , Ding Jianxun
Published: May 2020

Radiotherapy, a clinically used local treatment modality of cancers, is regarded as a promising candidate to promote current immunotherapy through initiating an in situ vaccination effect and reprogramming the immunosuppressive microenvironment. The combination of radiotherapy and immunotherapy, referred to as combinational radio–immuno oncotherapy (CRIOT), elicits a synergistic antitumor effect based on the immunomodulatory properties of radiation. Unfortunately, current CRIOT accompanies low response rate and severe toxicity in clinical trials, thus limiting its application. To this end, various nanomaterials are being developed to sensitize radiotherapy or deliver immune agents, or both, to improve the unsatisfactory outcomes of CRIOT. Herein, enhanced antitumor efficacy of CRIOT with nanomaterials through the possible mechanisms of rejuvenation and activation of T cells, increased presentation of tumor‐related antigens, and inhibition of suppressive macrophages is presented, and the prospect of CRIOT in clinical practice is proposed.
Phosphonate Metal–Organic Frameworks: A Novel Family of Semiconductors
Authors: Siemensmeyer Konrad , Peeples Craig A. , Tholen Patrik , Schmitt Franz‐Josef , Çoşut Bünyemin , Hanna Gabriel , Yücesan Gündoğ
Published: May 2020

Herein, the first semiconducting and magnetic phosphonate metal–organic framework (MOF), TUB75, is reported, which contains a 1D inorganic building unit composed of a zigzag chain of corner‐sharing copper dimers. The solid‐state UV–vis spectrum of TUB75 reveals the existence of a narrow bandgap of 1.4 eV, which agrees well with the density functional theory (DFT)‐calculated bandgap of 1.77 eV. Single‐crystal conductivity measurements for different orientations of the individual crystals yield a range of conductances from 10−3 to 103 S m−1 at room temperature, pointing to the directional nature of the electrical conductivity in TUB75. Magnetization measurements show that TUB75 is composed of antiferromagnetically coupled copper dimer chains. Due to their rich structural chemistry and exceptionally high thermal/chemical stabilities, phosphonate MOFs like TUB75 may open new vistas in engineerable electrodes for supercapacitors.
Mechanical Stimulation‐Induced Orientation of Gliding Microtubules in Confined Microwells
Authors: Inoue Daisuke , Kabir Arif Md. Rashedul , Tokuraku Kiyotaka , Sada Kazuki , Kakugo Akira
Published: May 2020

Biomolecular motors are the smallest natural machines that can convert chemical energy into mechanical work with much higher energy efficiencies compared to man‐made machineries. Nowadays, reconstructed biomolecular motors, such as microtubules–kinesin, are successfully utilized for nanotechnological applications, e.g., in nanotransportation, parallel computation, molecular robotics, and so on. However, stochastic nature of their motion poses a limitation to their applications, which is difficult to control particularly under spatial constraints. In this work, top‐down and bottom‐up approaches are combined to address this problem in a gliding assay of microtubules. Through mechanical stimulation of the motile microtubule filaments, parallelization of the filaments is demonstrated concurrently in hundreds of microwells. The orientation of plenty of motile microtubules in confined space should further accelerate nanotechnological applications of biomolecular motors.
PEDOT Encapsulated and Mechanochemically Engineered Silicate Nanocrystals for High Energy Density Cathodes
Authors: Rasool Majid , Chiu Hsien‐Chieh , Zank Benjamin , Zeng Yan , Zhou Jigang , Zaghib Karim , Perepichka Dmitrii F. , Demopoulos George P.
Published: May 2020

Lithium iron silicate (LFS) attracts a lot of attention due to its 330 mAh g−1 theoretical capacity (2 Li+ per formula unit). However, inherently it exhibits poor Li‐ion intercalation kinetics, interfacial reactivity, and complex phase transitions resulting in lower than one Li+ capacity and poor retention. In this work, a core–shell architecture is devised largely overcoming these obstacles. At first, the nanostructure of Pmn21 LFS is annealed via mechanochemical processing enabling the activation of Li‐ion diffusion. Subsequently, the LFS nanocrystals are coated via in situ poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymerization involving partial chemical de‐lithiation/re‐lithiation, the latter catalyzed with FeCl3. As a result of the devised mechanochemical/interphasial engineering of the LFS@PEDOT nanocrystals, their Li‐ion storage capacity is augmented to > 1 Li, namely 200 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles or 1.2 Li+ units—the highest capacity reported for the Pmn21 LFS cathode. A key attribute of the new PEDOT coating technique is the generation of a Fe3+‐rich subsurface layer that contributes to structure stabilization via accelerated phase transition to inverse Pmn21 phase, in addition to rendering the nanocrystals electronically conductive and protected against reaction with electrolyte. Such core–shell engineered nanocrystals provide a powerful paradigm in developing viable high energy density cathodes for next‐generation Li‐ion batteries.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Cascade Hydrosilylation and Amino‐Methylation of Isatin Derivatives
Authors: Liu Yue , Xia Yun‐Tao , Cui Su‐Hang , Ji Yi‐Gang , Wu Lei
Published: May 2020

We demonstrate that using palladium acetate as a catalyst for reduction of DMF and isatin derivatives by hydrosilanes, a cascade hydrosilylation and amino‐methylation reaction can be realized. With DMF as a reactant and a solvent, the in‐situ generated siloxymethylamine intermediate, an adduct of DMF and hydrosilanes, smoothly participates in the successive stages, providing a serials of Si, N‐functionalized indolin‐2‐ones in moderate to good yields. This strategy exhibits high chemoselectivity toward carbonyl moieties reduction among the substrates.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Picolinamide‐Directed Benzylic C(sp3)−H Chalcogenation with Diaryl Disulfides and Diphenyl Diselenide
Authors: Wang Kai , Hou Jiahao , Zhang Changjun , Cheng Ke , Bai Renren , Xie Yuanyuan
Published: May 2020

The first palladium‐catalyzed direct benzylic C(sp3)−H chalcogenation with diaryl disulfides and diphenyl diselenide has been established. The coupling reaction proceeds between the thioether radical and palladiumcycle intermediate. Picolinamide serves as an excellent directing group for the C−H activation of benzylic C(sp3)−H and can be easily removed. The current protocol exhibits a relatively broad substrate scope and high functional group compatibility. A mechanistic study indicates that palladium(IV) intermediate is probably formed during the course of the reaction.

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Palladium‐Catalyzed Secondary C(sp3)−H Arylation of 2‐Alkylpyridines
Authors: Li Hong‐Liang , Kuninobu Yoichiro
Published: May 2020

A pyridyl group‐assisted palladium‐catalyzed secondary C(sp3)−H arylation protocol was developed. A substituent at the 3‐position of the pyridyl group is proved to be important for promoting C−H arylation and controlling the regioselectivity. Aryl iodides can be used as coupling partners. The reaction proceeded in good to excellent yields with good functional group tolerance, even on the gram‐scale. The preliminary asymmetric reaction was investigated using an L‐proline derivative as a chiral ligand.

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Robust Triboelectric Nanogenerator Achieved by Centrifugal Force Induced Automatic Working Mode Transition
Authors: Chen Jie , Guo Hengyu , Hu Chenguo , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: May 2020

Material abrasion in contact‐based freestanding mode‐triboelectric nanogenerators (FS‐TENGs) seriously deteriorates device mechanical durability and electrical stability, which causes TENGs to be only applicable in the harvesting of mechanical energy at low‐frequency. Here, a wide‐frequency and ultra‐robust rotational TENG is reported that is composed of a built‐in traction rope structure and capable of transforming from contact mode to non‐contact mode automatically as driven by the centrifugal force. With optimizing the fixed x and y position on slider and center shaft, respectively, the mode transition threshold speed can be reduced to 225 rpm. Additionally, the automatic working mode transition TENG exhibits excellent electrical stability, which can maintain 90% electric output after over 24 h of continuous operation, while the contact and non‐contact mode TENGs only retain 30% and 2% output, respectively. The high stability and large output density ensure its usage in the fast and effective charging of commercial capacitors or electronics. This work provides a prospective strategy for rotational TENGs to extend the frequency operation region and mechanical durability for practical applications.
Effect of Peroxyl‐Radicals‐Induced Oxidative Modification in the Physicochemical and Emulsifying Properties of Walnut Protein
Authors: Mao Xiaoying , Wang Dandan , Sun Lingge , Zhang Jian , Wu Qingzhi
Published: May 2020

In this paper, the effects of peroxyl radical oxidation on the physicochemical and functional properties of walnut protein were investigated. Walnut protein isolate (WPI) containing 2,2′‐azobis(2‐amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) was oxidatively stressed under aerobic conditions in peroxyl radical‐generating media. Incubation of walnut protein with increasing concentration of AAPH resulted in gradual carbonyl generation and free sulfhydryl group degradation. The results of surface hydrophobicity implied that oxidation leads to protein aggregation thus decreasing protein solubility in an AAPH concentration‐dependent manner (P < 0.05). Emulsifying properties exhibited a significant increase (P < 0.05) at AAPH concentrations up to 0.2 mM and higher AAPH concentrations reduced the emulsifying capacity of WPI. These results indicate that appropriate oxidation is helpful to improve the emulsifying properties of protein, and with an increase of oxidation degree, emulsifying functional will damage.
Lethal effect of filamentous algal blooms on Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) eggs in the Baltic Sea
Authors: von Nordheim Lena , Kotterba Paul , Moll Dorothee , Polte Patrick
Published: May 2020

During this study, the effects of epiphytic filamentous algae on the survival of demersal spawned fish eggs were investigated in one of the most important spawning grounds of herring in the western Baltic Sea, which is subject to intense and ongoing eutrophication.

In coastal marine ecosystems all over the world, eutrophication is a primary water quality issue, often resulting in mass developments of bloom‐forming algae. Macro‐algal blooms have immense ecological effects, as they alter the structure and the function of an ecosystem. Numerous fish species are affected, as they depend on those coastal areas for spawning and as juvenile habitats.

A comparison of the survival of herring eggs on two natural spawning beds re‐vealed an immense impact of a filamentous algal bloom. The mortality rate reached nearly 100% in the area with massive occurrence of filamentous brown algae.

Hypothesizing that the presence of filamentous algae facilitates herring egg mortality, field and laboratory experiments were conducted and revealed particular effects of distinct algal species. The survival rate of artificially spawned eggs on algal substrates and control substrates was compared. Whereas filamentous forms of the green alga Ulva intestinalis induced no immediate effect, significantly higher egg mortality was documented in experiments with the filamentous brown alga Pylaiella littoralis.

Considering the ecological and economical importance of herring and other coastal spawners on the one hand and the persisting and increasing effects of eutrophication and climate change on the other hand, the results of our study clearly underpin the necessity to increase global efforts to reduce nutrient loads in coastal waters.
Cost–benefit analysis of funding smoking cessation before surgery
Authors: Jiménez-Ruiz C A , Martín V , Alsina-Restoy X , Granda-Orive J I , de Higes-Martínez E , García-Rueda M , Genovés-Crespo M , López-García C , Lorza-Blasco J J , Márquez F L , Ramos-Pinedo Á , Riesco-Miranda J A , Signes-Costa J , Solano-Reina S , Vaquero-Lozano P , Rejas J
Published: May 2020

Background

Smoking at the time of surgery is associated with postoperative complications. Quitting smoking before surgery is linked to fewer complications during the hospital stay. This work analysed whether a smoking cessation intervention before surgery is economically worthwhile when funded by the National Health System (NHS) in Spain.

Methods

The economic analysis considered costs and benefits of the intervention to the NHS for the year 2016. The population who would benefit comprised adult smokers who were ready to quit and for whom surgery requiring admission to hospital was planned. The intervention, a combination of medical counselling and use of a smoking cessation drug which should occur 12 weeks before surgery, considered one attempt only to quit smoking. Benefits were costs avoided by averting postoperative complications if cessation was successful. The analysis compared the net economic outcome (benefit minus cost of intervention) and the return on investment, for intervention funded by the NHS versus the current situation without funding.

Results

Smoking cessation increased by 21·7 per cent with funding; the rate was 32·5 per cent when funded versus 10·7 per cent without funding, producing 9611 extra quitters. The cost per averted smoker was €1753 with a benefit of €503, achieving a net economic benefit of €4·8 million per year. Given the annual cost of the intervention (€17·4 million, of which €5·6 million (32·5 per cent) represents drugs), the return on investment was 28·7 per cent annually, equivalent to €1·29 per €1 of investment.

Conclusion

From the perspective of the Spanish NHS, the benefit of funding smoking cessation before surgery, in terms of healthcare cost savings, appears to greatly outweigh the costs.