bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Associations of inflammatory cytokines with palmoplantar pustulosis: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Chengling , Liu Xingchen , Xin Haiming , Li Xin
Published: May 2024

Background

Variations in circulatory cytokine levels have been observed during the onset and course of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP); however, whether these changes are due to etiological or secondary factors is unclear. To clarify the causal relationship, we conducted a summarized-level bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis in this study.

Methods

A FinnGen biobank genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 212,766 individuals (524 PPP patients and 212,242 controls) provided summary data for PPP, whereas genetic instrumental variables (IVs) linked to circulation cytokine levels were gathered from a GWAS of 14,824 European individuals. The inverse-variance weighted (IVW), weighted median (WME), simple mode, and MR-Egger methods were used to ascertain the changes in PPP pathogenic cytokine taxa. Sensitivity analysis, which included horizontal pleiotropy analysis, was then conducted. The reliability of the results was assessed using the leave-one-out approach and the MR Steiger test, which evaluated the strength of a causal relationship. To evaluate the reverse causality between PPP and circulating cytokine levels, a reverse MR analysis was carried out.

Results

Our study demonstrated positive associations between C-X-C motif chemokine 6 (CXCL6) and PPP (odds ratio, OR 1.257, 95%CI: 1.001–1.570, p = 0.043). C-C motif chemokine 19 (CCL19) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were suggested to be protectively associated with the development of PPP (OR: 0.698,95% CI: 0.516–0.944, p = 0.020; OR: 0.656, 95%CI:0.437–0.985, p = 0.042). The results were steady after sensitivity and heterogeneity analyses.

Conclusion

At the genetic prediction level, we identified causally connected inflammation-related variables that contributed to the onset and development of PPP. The therapeutic options for some refractory PPP have expanded due to tailored cytokine therapy, generating fresh concepts for PPP diagnostics and mechanism investigation.
The CroMyop study: myopia progression in Croatian children and adolescents—a 15-year retrospective analysis
Authors: Varošanec Ana Maria , Marković Leon , Sonicki Zdenko
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Myopia is a major global health issue, especially among children and adolescents. Understanding its traits and progression is vital for proper management and prevention. This study aimed to fill a gap in research by analyzing demographic and refractive data concerning myopia among children and adolescents in Croatia, with the goal of providing insights into myopia prevalence, progression rates, and associated risk factors within the Croatian population.

Design

This retrospective study utilized a comprehensive dataset from pediatric ophthalmology clinics at the University Eye Department, University Hospital “Sveti Duh,” Zagreb, Croatia. The dataset included electronic medical records spanning from January 2008 to July 2023, encompassing demographic and refractive data.

Methods

Data analysis focused on individuals aged 4 to 18 years who were diagnosed with primary myopia and/or compound myopic astigmatism. Ophthalmic examinations, including visual acuity tests, cycloplegic refraction, and assessments for eye comorbidities, were conducted by experienced pediatric ophthalmologists. Statistical analysis, including t-tests, survival analysis, and logistic regression, was performed to assess myopia prevalence, progression rates, and associated factors. These analyses were adjusted for covariates such as age, parental myopia, and gender.

Results

The study included 895 individuals, 51 premyopes, 813 low myopes, and 31 high myopes. The average age of diagnosis was 11.37 ± 3.59 years for premyopes, 11.18 ± 3.53 years for low myopes, and 11.44 ± 4.35 years for high myopes. The fastest progression occurred in 2021 and 2022, −0.5 ± 0.12 D/y for premyopes and − 0.45 ± 0.1 D/y for low myopes. Premyopic progression to low myopia was associated with age 7–9 years (HR 2.42, 1.53 to 3.21) and both parents being myopic (HR 920.27. 850.16 to 950.53). Low myopic individuals with both myopic parents displayed the fastest 11–24 months after first visit progression rates, −0.69 (−0.52 to −0.87) D/y, while the 7–9 age group demonstrated −0.36 (−0.24 to −0.45) D/y. Low myopes aged 7–9 years with baseline SE between −6 D and −4 D were more strongly associated with ≤ − 0.5 D progression (OR = 2.0, 95% CI −1.00 to 2.39).

Conclusion

This study highlights the importance of environmental factors, genetics, and age in addressing myopia progression among Croatian youth, urging further research for effective local intervention strategies.
The rs11684747 and rs55790676 SNPs of ADAM17 influence tuberculosis susceptibility and plasma levels of TNF, TNFR1, and TNFR2
Authors: Choreño-Parra José Alberto , Ramon-Luing Lucero A. , Castillejos Manuel , Ortega-Martínez Emmanuel , Tapia-García Alan Rodrigo , Matías-Martínez Melvin Barish , Cruz-Lagunas Alfredo , Ramírez-Martínez Gustavo , Gómez-García Itzel Alejandra , Ramírez-Noyola Jazmín Ariadna , Garcia-Padrón Beatriz , López-Salinas Karen Gabriel , Jiménez-Juárez Fabiola , Guadarrama-Ortiz Parménides , Salinas-Lara Citlaltepetl , Bozena-Piekarska Karolina , Muñóz-Torrico Marcela , Chávez-Galán Leslie , Zúñiga Joaquín
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The proteolytic activity of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) regulates the release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and TNF receptors (TNFRs) from cell surfaces. These molecules play important roles in tuberculosis (TB) shaping innate immune reactions and granuloma formation.

Methods

Here, we investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of ADAM17 influence TNF and TNFRs levels in 224 patients with active TB (ATB) and 118 healthy close contacts. Also, we looked for significant associations between SNPs of ADAM17 and ATB status. TNF, TNFR1, and TNFR2 levels were measured in plasma samples by ELISA. Four SNPs of ADAM17 (rs12692386, rs1524668, rs11684747, and rs55790676) were analyzed in DNA isolated from peripheral blood leucocytes. The association between ATB status, genotype, and cytokines was analyzed by multiple regression models.

Results

Our results showed a higher frequency of rs11684747 and rs55790676 in close contacts than ATB patients. Coincidentally, heterozygous to these SNPs of ADAM17 showed higher plasma levels of TNF compared to homozygous to their respective ancestral alleles. Strikingly, the levels of TNF and TNFRs distinguished participant groups, with ATB patients displaying lower TNF and higher TNFR1/TNFR2 levels compared to their close contacts.

Conclusion

These findings suggest a role for SNPs of ADAM17 in genetic susceptibility to ATB.
Prediction of microbe–drug associations based on a modified graph attention variational autoencoder and random forest
Authors: Wang Bo , Ma Fangjian , Du Xiaoxin , Zhang Guangda , Li Jingyou
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The identification of microbe–drug associations can greatly facilitate drug research and development. Traditional methods for screening microbe-drug associations are time-consuming, manpower-intensive, and costly to conduct, so computational methods are a good alternative. However, most of them ignore the combination of abundant sequence, structural information, and microbe-drug network topology.

Methods

In this study, we developed a computational framework based on a modified graph attention variational autoencoder (MGAVAEMDA) to infer potential microbedrug associations by combining biological information with the variational autoencoder. In MGAVAEMDA, we first used multiple databases, which include microbial sequences, drug structures, and microbe-drug association databases, to establish two comprehensive feature matrices of microbes and drugs after multiple similarity computations, fusion, smoothing, and thresholding. Then, we employed a combination of variational autoencoder and graph attention to extract low-dimensional feature representations of microbes and drugs. Finally, the lowdimensional feature representation and graphical adjacency matrix were input into the random forest classifier to obtain the microbe–drug association score to identify the potential microbe-drug association. Moreover, in order to correct the model complexity and redundant calculation to improve efficiency, we introduced a modified graph convolutional neural network embedded into the variational autoencoder for computing low dimensional features.

Results

The experiment results demonstrate that the prediction performance of MGAVAEMDA is better than the five state-of-the-art methods. For the major measurements (AUC =0.9357, AUPR =0.9378), the relative improvements of MGAVAEMDA compared to the suboptimal methods are 1.76 and 1.47%, respectively.

Discussion

We conducted case studies on two drugs and found that more than 85% of the predicted associations have been reported in PubMed. The comprehensive experimental results validated the reliability of our models in accurately inferring potential microbe-drug associations.
Efficacy and safety of robot-assisted deep brain stimulation for Parkinson’s disease: a meta-analysis
Authors: Huang Zhilong , Meng Lian , Bi Xiongjie , Xie Zhengde , Liang Weiming , Huang Jinyu
Published: May 2024

Objective

This meta-analysis aims to assess the effectiveness and safety of robot-assisted deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery for Parkinson’s disease(PD).

Methods

Four databases (Medline, Embase, Web of Science and CENTRAL) were searched from establishment of database to 23 March 2024, for articles studying robot-assisted DBS in patients diagnosed with PD. Meta-analyses of vector error, complication rate, levodopa-equivalent daily dose (LEDD), Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), UPDRS II, UPDRS III, and UPDRS IV were performed.

Results

A total of 15 studies were included in this meta-analysis, comprising 732 patients with PD who received robot-assisted DBS. The pooled results revealed that the vector error was measured at 1.09 mm (95% CI: 0.87 to 1.30) in patients with Parkinson’s disease who received robot-assisted DBS. The complication rate was 0.12 (95% CI, 0.03 to 0.24). The reduction in LEDD was 422.31 mg (95% CI: 68.69 to 775.94). The improvement in UPDRS, UPDRS III, and UPDRS IV was 27.36 (95% CI: 8.57 to 46.15), 14.09 (95% CI: 4.67 to 23.52), and 3.54 (95% CI: −2.35 to 9.43), respectively.

Conclusion

Robot-assisted DBS is a reliable and safe approach for treating PD. Robot-assisted DBS provides enhanced accuracy in contrast to conventional frame-based stereotactic techniques. Nevertheless, further investigation is necessary to validate the advantages of robot-assisted DBS in terms of enhancing motor function and decreasing the need for antiparkinsonian medications, in comparison to traditional frame-based stereotactic techniques.

Clinical trial registration: PROSPERO(CRD42024529976).
Dynamics of a network mediated by IL-36 and involved in the pathogenesis of psoriasis
Authors: Pandey Sneha , Tiwari Syona , Basu Sulagna , Mishra Rajiv Kumar , Pandey Rakesh
Published: May 2024

The pathogenesis of the inflammatory, chronic, and common skin disease psoriasis involves immune cells, skin cells (keratinocytes), and the cytokines they secrete. Hyperproliferation and abnormal differentiation of keratinocytes are hallmarks of the disease. The roles of cytokines such as TNFα, IL-15, IL-17, and IL-23 in psoriasis have been studied through mathematical/computational models as well as experiments. However, the role of proinflammatory cytokine IL-36 in the onset and progression of psoriasis is still elusive. To explore the role of IL-36, we construct a network embodying indirect cell–cell interactions of a few immune and skin cells mediated by IL-36 based on existing knowledge. We also develop a mathematical model for the network and perform a global sensitivity analysis. Our results suggest that the model is most sensitive to a parameter that represents the level of cytokine IL-36. In addition, a steady-state analysis of the model suggests that an increase in the level of IL-36 could lead to the hyperproliferation of keratinocytes and, thus, psoriasis. Our analysis also highlights that the plaque formation and progression of psoriasis could occur through either a gradual or a switch-like increase in the keratinocyte population. We propose that the switch-like increase would be due to a bistable behavior of the network toward either a psoriatic or healthy state and could be used as a novel treatment strategy.
Systematic review and dosage analysis: hyperbaric oxygen therapy efficacy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder
Authors: Andrews Susan R. , Harch Paul G.
Published: May 2024

Background

Studies of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) treatment of mild traumatic brain injury persistent postconcussion syndrome in military and civilian subjects have shown simultaneous improvement in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or PTSD symptoms, suggesting that HBOT may be an effective treatment for PTSD. This is a systematic review and dosage analysis of HBOT treatment of patients with PTSD symptoms.

Methods

PubMed, CINAHL, and the Cochrane Systematic Review Database were searched from September 18 to November 23, 2023, for all adult clinical studies published in English on HBOT and PTSD. Randomized trials and studies with symptomatic outcomes were selected for final analysis and analyzed according to the dose of oxygen and barometric pressure on symptom outcomes. Outcome assessment was for statistically significant change and Reliable Change or Clinically Significant Change according to the National Center for PTSD Guidelines. Methodologic quality and bias were determined with the PEDro Scale.

Results

Eight studies were included, all with < 75 subjects/study, total 393 subjects: seven randomized trials and one imaging case-controlled study. Six studies were on military subjects, one on civilian and military subjects, and one on civilians. Subjects were 3-450 months post trauma. Statistically significant symptomatic improvements, as well as Reliable Change or Clinically Significant changes, were achieved for patients treated with 40-60 HBOTS over a wide range of pressures from 1.3 to 2.0 ATA. There was a linear dose-response relationship for increased symptomatic improvement with increasing cumulative oxygen dose from 1002 to 11,400 atmosphere-minutes of oxygen. The greater symptomatic response was accompanied by a greater and severe reversible exacerbation of emotional symptoms at the highest oxygen doses in 30-39% of subjects. Other side effects were transient and minor. In three studies the symptomatic improvements were associated with functional and anatomic brain imaging changes. All 7 randomized trials were found to be of good-highest quality by PEDro scale scoring.

Discussion

In multiple randomized and randomized controlled clinical trials HBOT demonstrated statistically significant symptomatic improvements, Reliable Changes, or Clinically Significant Changes in patients with PTSD symptoms or PTSD over a wide range of pressure and oxygen doses. The highest doses were associated with a severe reversible exacerbation of emotional symptoms in 30-39% of subjects. Symptomatic improvements were supported by correlative functional and microstructural imaging changes in PTSD-affected brain regions. The imaging findings and hyperbaric oxygen therapy effects indicate that PTSD can no longer be considered strictly a psychiatric disease.
Research progress on the application of anti-gravity treadmill in the rehabilitation of Parkinson’s disease patients: a mini review
Authors: Zheng Yalin , Shen Yu , Feng Renzhi , Hu Weiyin , Huang Peng
Published: May 2024

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by motor and non-motor symptoms. It is the second most common chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease. PD still lacks a known cure or prophylactic medication. Current treatments primarily address symptoms without halting the progression of PD, and the side effects of dopaminergic therapy become more apparent over time. In contrast, physical therapy, with its lower risk of side effects and potential cardiovascular benefits, may provide greater benefits to patients. The Anti-Gravity Treadmill is an emerging rehabilitation therapy device with high safety, which minimizes patients’ fear and allows them to focus more on a normal, correct gait, and has a promising clinical application. Based on this premise, this study aims to summarize and analyze the relevant studies on the application of the anti-gravity treadmill in PD patients, providing a reference for PD rehabilitation practice and establishing a theoretical basis for future research in this area.
MicroRNA biomarkers as next-generation diagnostic tools for neurodegenerative diseases: a comprehensive review
Authors: Azam Hafiz Muhammad Husnain , Rößling Rosa Ilse , Geithe Christiane , Khan Muhammad Moman , Dinter Franziska , Hanack Katja , Prüß Harald , Husse Britta , Roggenbuck Dirk , Schierack Peter , Rödiger Stefan
Published: May 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) are characterized by abnormalities within neurons of the brain or spinal cord that gradually lose function, eventually leading to cell death. Upon examination of affected tissue, pathological changes reveal a loss of synapses, misfolded proteins, and activation of immune cells—all indicative of disease progression—before severe clinical symptoms become apparent. Early detection of NDs is crucial for potentially administering targeted medications that may delay disease advancement. Given their complex pathophysiological features and diverse clinical symptoms, there is a pressing need for sensitive and effective diagnostic methods for NDs. Biomarkers such as microRNAs (miRNAs) have been identified as potential tools for detecting these diseases. We explore the pivotal role of miRNAs in the context of NDs, focusing on Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Multiple sclerosis, Huntington’s disease, and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The review delves into the intricate relationship between aging and NDs, highlighting structural and functional alterations in the aging brain and their implications for disease development. It elucidates how miRNAs and RNA-binding proteins are implicated in the pathogenesis of NDs and underscores the importance of investigating their expression and function in aging. Significantly, miRNAs exert substantial influence on post-translational modifications (PTMs), impacting not just the nervous system but a wide array of tissues and cell types as well. Specific miRNAs have been found to target proteins involved in ubiquitination or de-ubiquitination processes, which play a significant role in regulating protein function and stability. We discuss the link between miRNA, PTM, and NDs. Additionally, the review discusses the significance of miRNAs as biomarkers for early disease detection, offering insights into diagnostic strategies.
The associations between dietary flavonoid intake and hyperlipidemia: data from the national health and nutrition examination survey 2007–2010 and 2017–2018
Authors: Wan Yingying , Ma Dan , Yu Linghua , Tian Wende , Wang Tongxin , Chen Xuanye , Shang Qinghua , Xu Hao
Published: May 2024

Background

Hyperlipidemia is a worldwide health problem and a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases; therefore, it imposes a heavy burden on society and healthcare. It has been reported that flavonoids can increase energy expenditure and fat oxidation, be anti-inflammatory, and reduce lipid factor levels, which may reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia. However, the relationship between the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and dietary flavonoid intake in the population remains unclear.

Methods

This study included 8,940 adults from the 2007–2010 and 2017–2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). The relationship between dietary flavonoid intake and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia was analyzed using weighted logistic regression and weighted restricted cubic spline.

Results

We found an inverse relationship between subtotal catechins intake and hyperlipidemia prevalence in the third quartile [0.74 (0.56, 0.98), p = 0.04] compared with the first quartile. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia and total flavan-3-ol intake in the third quartile were inversely correlated [0.76 (0.59, 0.98), p = 0.03]. Total anthocyanin intake was inversely related to the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in the third quartile [0.77 (0.62, 0.95), p = 0.02] and the fourth quartile [0.77 (0.60, 0.98), p = 0.04]. The prevalence of hyperlipidemia was negatively correlated with total flavonols intake in the fourth quartile [0.75 (0.60, 0.94), p = 0.02]. Using restricted cubic splines analysis, we found that subtotal catechins intake and total flavan-3-ol intake had a nonlinear relationship with the prevalence of hyperlipidemia.

Conclusion

Our study may provide preliminary research evidence for personalizing improved dietary habits to reduce the prevalence of hyperlipidemia.
The global burden and trends analysis of early-onset colorectal cancer attributable to dietary risk factors in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a secondary analysis for the global burden of disease study 2019
Authors: Su Jiao , Liang Yuanhao , He Xiaofeng
Published: May 2024

Background

Rising trends in early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC) burden have been observed, but the distribution and temporal patterns of early-onset CRC attributable to dietary risks remain unclear.

Objectives

This study aimed to estimate the burden of early-onset CRC attributable to dietary risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally, by age and sex, from 1990 to 2019.

Methods

The absolute number and age-specific rates (ASR) of diet-related early-onset CRC burden, as well as summary exposure value (SEV) of attributable dietary risk factors, were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019. The temporal changes in the burden between 1990 and 2019 were analyzed by calculating the percentage change in the absolute number of burden and the estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) in ASR of burden. The annualized rates of change (ARC) were calculated to evaluate the variation trend of SEV.

Results

In 2019, diet-related early-onset CRC caused 30,096 (95% UI: 23,148 to 36,091) death cases and 1,465,755 (95% UI: 1,126,489 to 1,761,661) DALYs worldwide, accounting for 34.8% deaths and 34.4% DALYs of overall early-onset CRC, respectively. Moreover, a diet low in milk (responsible for 16.5% [95% UI: 11.1 to 21.9%] of DALYs in 2019), low in whole grains (15.2% [95% UI: 5.9 to 19.9%]), low in calcium (14.3% [95% UI: 10.7 to 18.9%]), high in red meat (5.3% [95% UI: 1.7 to 9.5%]), high in processed meat (2.5% [95% UI: 0.9 to 4.0%]), and low in fiber (2.3% [95% UI: 0.9 to 4.2%]) were early-onset CRC attributable dietary risk factors. The age-specific DALYs rate of early-onset CRC attributable to each dietary risk factor generally showed an increasing trend globally between 1990 and 2019, except for low intake of fiber (EAPC = −0.57, 95% CI: −0.76 to −0.38). In addition, from 1990 to 2019, males have a higher burden than females and this gap may continue to widen due to the increasing difference between the sexes in most dietary risk factors. Furthermore, dietary risks-attributable early-onset CRC burden has shifted from regions with high socio-demographic index (SDI) to high-middle and middle SDI quintiles with uncontrolled dietary risks.

Conclusion

Early-onset CRC remains a concerning issue globally, and effective prevention and modification of dietary risk factors holds great promise to reduce early-onset CRC-related burden. Prioritizing diet improvement for males is critical and urgent for CRC control efforts, particularly for those living in developing countries with ongoing dietary pattern transition.
ReCorDE: a framework for identifying drug classes targeting shared vulnerabilities with applications to synergistic drug discovery
Authors: John August J. , Ghose Emily T. , Gao Huanyao , Luck Meagan , Jeong Dabin , Kalari Krishna R. , Wang Liewei
Published: May 2024

Cancer is typically treated with combinatorial therapy, and such combinations may be synergistic. However, discovery of these combinations has proven difficult as brute force combinatorial screening approaches are both logistically complex and resource-intensive. Therefore, computational approaches to augment synergistic drug discovery are of interest, but current approaches are limited by their dependencies on combinatorial drug screening training data or molecular profiling data. These dataset dependencies can limit the number and diversity of drugs for which these approaches can make inferences. Herein, we describe a novel computational framework, ReCorDE (Recurrent Correlation of Drugs with Enrichment), that uses publicly-available cell line-derived monotherapy cytotoxicity datasets to identify drug classes targeting shared vulnerabilities across multiple cancer lineages; and we show how these inferences can be used to augment synergistic drug combination discovery. Additionally, we demonstrate in preclinical models that a drug class combination predicted by ReCorDE to target shared vulnerabilities (PARP inhibitors and Aurora kinase inhibitors) exhibits class-class synergy across lineages. ReCorDE functions independently of combinatorial drug screening and molecular profiling data, using only extensive monotherapy cytotoxicity datasets as its input. This allows ReCorDE to make robust inferences for a large, diverse array of drugs. In conclusion, we have described a novel framework for the identification of drug classes targeting shared vulnerabilities using monotherapy cytotoxicity datasets, and we showed how these inferences can be used to aid discovery of novel synergistic drug combinations.
Case report: Successful management of primary hyalinizing clear cell carcinoma in nasopharynx: a report of 2 cases and system analysis
Authors: Sun Haiying , Yuan Jie , Cheng Qing , Hu Juanjuan , Han Nana , Yi Lisha , Zhu Yun
Published: May 2024

Hyalinizing clear cell carcinomas (HCCCs) are infrequent, malignant tumors characterized by their low-grade nature. They typically originate from minor salivary glands. However, these tumors can potentially emerge in any location with minor salivary glands, including the nasopharynx. This report presents two cases of HCCC in females aged 61 and 72 years, with both tumors approximately 4 cm in size. In the first case, a 72-year-old female presented with recurrent bilateral epistaxis. Imaging studies revealed a nasopharyngeal mass, surgically excised, and histopathological analysis confirmed HCCC. Postoperatively, the patient received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy, achieving a recurrence-free status 2.5 years later. The second case involves a 61-year-old female with a two-year history of bloody nasal discharge. Imaging studies identified a nasopharyngeal lesion, surgically removed, and histopathological examination confirmed HCCC. This patient underwent radiotherapy followed by combination chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin, displaying no signs of recurrence upon reevaluation after 10 months. These cases highlight the successful management of HCCC through a comprehensive, multimodal approach, integrating surgical intervention and adjuvant therapy. The favorable outcomes emphasize the significance of a thorough treatment strategy for HCCC in the nasopharynx, providing valuable insights for clinicians. Further studies are essential to enhance our understanding of this rare entity and refine treatment protocols for optimized patient outcomes.
Ureter mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm: a case report and literature review
Authors: Zhou Bing , Gan Xing , Li Xiaohua , Peng Lizi , Hao Hua
Published: May 2024

Cases of mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasms (MiNENs) of the urinary system are rare, and reports of primary MiNENs in the ureter are lacking. Herein, we present the case of a 71-year-old man who presented with painless gross hematuria and weight loss. Contrast-enhanced abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor, comprising small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (SCNEC) and adenocarcinomatous components, attached to the ureter. The SCNEC components were strongly positive for synaptophysin, CD56 and INSM1 and adenocarcinomatous components were strongly positive for CDX2 and cytokeratin 20, respectively. Four weeks post-surgery, the patient received four cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy; the 7-month follow-up CT confirmed that he was healthy without disease recurrence. The occurrence of MiNEN in the ureter with SCNEC and adenocarcinomatous components is extremely rare, wherein histopathological and immunohistochemical features aid in the diagnosis MiNEN. With its aggressive nature, MiNEN can only be effectively treated by early diagnosis and radical surgery.
Integrated pan-cancer analysis reveals the immunological and prognostic potential of RBFOX2 in human tumors
Authors: Huang Fengxian , Jin Long , Zhang Xinyue , Wang Min , Zhou Congya
Published: May 2024

Background

The role of RNA-binding fox one homolog 2 (RBFOX2) in the progression of multiple tumors is increasingly supported by evidence. However, the unclearness pertaining to the expression of RBFOX2, its prognostic potential, and its correlation with the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pan-cancer persists. This study aims to comprehensively investigate the immunological prognostic value of RBFOX2.

Methods

The Cancer Genome Atlas Gene Expression Omnibus Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx), TIMER2.0, Kaplan-Meier (K–M) Plotter, University of Alabama at Birmingham Cancer data analysis Portal (UALCAN), cbioportal, and Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis 2 (GEPIA2) were utilized for a systematic analysis of RBFOX2. This analysis included studying its expression, prognostic value, DNA methylation, enrichment analysis, immune infiltration cells, and immune-related genes. Additionally, qRT-PCR, CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assays, and immunohistochemistry were employed to analyze the expression and biological function of RBFOX2 in liver cancer.

Results

Variations in RBFOX2 expression have been observed across diverse tumors and have been identified as indicators of unfavorable prognosis. It is closely linked to immune infiltration cells, immune checkpoints, chemokines, and chemokine receptors in the TME. Higher levels of RBFOX2 have been significantly associated with low response and poor prognosis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and melanoma who receive immunotherapy. Furthermore, the DNA methylation of RBFOX2 varies across different types of cancer and has shown better prognosis in patients with BLCA, BRCA, CESC, COAD, DLBC, HNSC, LAML, LGG, LUAD, PAAD, SKCM and THYM. Interestingly, RBFOX2 expression was found to be lower in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients’ tumor tissues compared to their paired adjacent tissues. In vitro studies have shown that knockdown of RBFOX2 significantly promotes the growth and metastasis of liver cancer cells.

Conclusion

This study investigates the correlation between DNA methylation, prognostic value, and immune cell infiltration with the expression of RBFOX2 in pan-cancer and indicates its potential role to inhibit metastasis of liver cancer.
MIPANet: optimizing RGB-D semantic segmentation through multi-modal interaction and pooling attention
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Xie Minghong
Published: May 2024

The semantic segmentation of RGB-D images involves understanding objects appearances and spatial relationships within a scene, which necessitates careful consideration of multiple factors. In indoor scenes, the presence of diverse and disorderly objects, coupled with illumination variations and the influence of adjacent objects, can easily result in misclassifications of pixels, consequently affecting the outcome of semantic segmentation. We propose a Multi-modal Interaction and Pooling Attention Network (MIPANet) in response to these challenges. This network is designed to exploit the interactive synergy between RGB and depth modalities, aiming to enhance the utilization of complementary information and improve segmentation accuracy. Specifically, we incorporate a Multi-modal Interaction Module (MIM) into the deepest layers of the network. This module is engineered to facilitate the fusion of RGB and depth information, allowing for mutual enhancement and correction. Moreover, we introduce a Pooling Attention Module (PAM) at various stages of the encoder to enhance the features extracted by the network. The outputs of the PAMs at different stages are selectively integrated into the decoder through a refinement module to improve semantic segmentation performance. Experimental results demonstrate that MIPANet outperforms existing methods on two indoor scene datasets, NYU-Depth V2 and SUN-RGBD, by optimizing the insufficient information interaction between different modalities in RGB-D semantic segmentation. The source codes are available at https://github.com/2295104718/MIPANet.
QTL mapping and genomic selection of stem and branch diameter in soybean (Glycine max L.)
Authors: Wang Jing , Yang Qichao , Chen Yijie , Liu Kanglin , Zhang Zhiqing , Xiong Yajun , Yu Huan , Yu Yingdong , Wang Jun , Song Jian , Qiu Lijuan
Published: May 2024

Introduction

Soybean stem diameter (SD) and branch diameter (BD) are closely related traits, and genetic clarification of SD and BD is crucial for soybean breeding.

Methods

SD and BD were genetically analyzed by a population of 363 RIL derived from the cross between Zhongdou41 (ZD41) and ZYD02878 using restricted two-stage multi-locus genome-wide association, inclusive composite interval mapping, and three-variance component multi-locus random SNP effect mixed linear modeling. Then candidate genes of major QTLs were selected and genetic selection model of SD and BD were constructed respectively.

Results and discussion

The results showed that SD and BD were significantly correlated (r = 0.74, P < 0.001). A total of 93 and 84 unique quantitative trait loci (QTL) were detected for SD and BD, respectively by three different methods. There were two and ten major QTLs for SD and BD, respectively, with phenotypic variance explained (PVE) by more than 10%. Within these loci, seven genes involved in the regulation of phytohormones (IAA and GA) and cell proliferation and showing extensive expression of shoot apical meristematic genes were selected as candidate genes. Genomic selection (GS) analysis showed that the trait-associated markers identified in this study reached 0.47-0.73 in terms of prediction accuracy, which was enhanced by 6.56-23.69% compared with genome-wide markers. These results clarify the genetic basis of SD and BD, which laid solid foundation in regulation gene cloning, and GS models constructed could be potentially applied in future breeding programs.
A systematic literature review to understand the difference between critical factors affecting the national election and state elections in India
Authors: Chatterjee Joydeep , Dutta Gautam
Published: May 2024

Introduction

This study aims to understand the dominant factors of political marketing strategies to influence voters in the national and state elections in India. To identify them, we have reviewed literature of different nations (both developed and developing) across the world and India.

Methods

We have defined specific criteria and search terms to first identify the relevant studies that have focused on the influencing factors in the global and Indian political marketing landscape. After identifying these factors, we gleaned the key takeaways in terms of the influencing factors from all those studies and discussed the different emerging trends of shifting power from party brand to leadership brand in the national elections. We have also analyzed the impact of different factors such as party leader or candidate's personality, party policy and ideology, use of social media as a campaigning tool, and campaign messaging and platform on the national and state elections over the years

Results and discussions

We found that for the national elections, partly leadership and use of social media are critical factors, while for the state elections, party policy and ideology with on-ground campaigns have a significant influence on voters.
Partner-directed gaze and co-speech hand gestures: effects of age, hearing loss and noise
Authors: Kim Jeesun , Hazan Valerie , Tuomainen Outi , Davis Chris
Published: May 2024

Research on the adaptations talkers make to different communication conditions during interactive conversations has primarily focused on speech signals. We extended this type of investigation to two other important communicative signals, i.e., partner-directed gaze and iconic co-speech hand gestures with the aim of determining if the adaptations made by older adults differ from younger adults across communication conditions. We recruited 57 pairs of participants, comprising 57 primary talkers and 57 secondary ones. Primary talkers consisted of three groups: 19 older adults with mild Hearing Loss (older adult-HL); 17 older adults with Normal Hearing (older adult-NH); and 21 younger adults. The DiapixUK “spot the difference” conversation-based task was used to elicit conversions in participant pairs. One easy (No Barrier: NB) and three difficult communication conditions were tested. The three conditions consisted of two in which the primary talker could hear clearly, but the secondary talkers could not, due to multi-talker babble noise (BAB1) or a less familiar hearing loss simulation (HLS), and a condition in which both the primary and secondary talkers heard each other in babble noise (BAB2). For primary talkers, we measured mean number of partner-directed gazes; mean total gaze duration; and the mean number of co-speech hand gestures. We found a robust effects of communication condition that interacted with participant group. Effects of age were found for both gaze and gesture in BAB1, i.e., older adult-NH looked and gestured less than younger adults did when the secondary talker experienced babble noise. For hearing status, a difference in gaze between older adult-NH and older adult-HL was found for the BAB1 condition; for gesture this difference was significant in all three difficult communication conditions (older adult-HL gazed and gestured more). We propose the age effect may be due to a decline in older adult’s attention to cues signaling how well a conversation is progressing. To explain the hearing status effect, we suggest that older adult’s attentional decline is offset by hearing loss because these participants have learned to pay greater attention to visual cues for understanding speech.
Changes in the immigrant Russian-speaking family language policy during the war in Ukraine
Authors: Protassova Ekaterina , Yelenevskaya Maria
Published: May 2024

Introduction

The Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine had a significant impact on the Russian-speaking identity, reformulating existing linguistic and cultural boundaries and shaping Russian speakers’ self-perception and vision of the world. We focus on families with children who are trying to balance their inner and outer life in order to stabilize the positive environment of the upbringing process and analyze how adults explain to the children the need to learn the Russian, Ukrainian and other languages. This can shed light on the challenges and strategies employed in alleviating prejudiced attitudes against immigrants’ languages and cultures which can cause alienation from the roots in the one-and-a-half and second generation. The research questions were: How has the war altered language policies in families with different ethnic backgrounds? What changes in home language use strategies do parents propose?

Material and methods

Material drawn from numerous posts of Facebook discussions have been analyzed with the help of thematic analysis.

Results and discussion

We observe that in many multilingual families with Ukrainian roots the war has led to a greater emphasis on the Ukrainian language use as an attempt to reinforce ties to their cultural heritage and express support for the country. Russian is increasingly viewed as the language of the aggressor; moreover, Russian culture is devalued and rejected. Some families have become more open to new language learning, especially the languages of their new environment, and try to identify themselves as multicultural and multiethnic personalities. On the other hand, in those families where parents work or study in the fields in which Russian is widely used, adults prioritize the development of Russian language skills in their children in order to improve their future educational and professional opportunities. We explore attitudes and challenges faced by parents in Russian-speaking families, as they demonstrate the complexities of identity formation and language transmission while making salient the interplay between parents’ personal experiences, their aspirations for their children’s cultural identity, and the pressures of integration into the local society.
Do intangible factors enhance sociocultural productivity and economy in world heritage sites?
Authors: Martín-Lucas María , Leal-Solís Ana , Polo Ángel Pizarro , Robina Ramírez Rafael , Moreno-Luna Libertad
Published: May 2024

Measuring the sociocultural productivity of heritage sites remains an ongoing issue for international organizations concerned with the conservation and promotion of traditional sites. The productivity of these locations is not only affected by tangible elements but also by intangible factors, such as the emotions generated by the experiences. For this purpose, 597 employees of hotels in these historical locations who had visited one of the 14 heritage sites in Spain assessed what role emotions play in this contribution. The methodology used was the application of structural equations. Several conclusions have been drawn utilizing the SmartPLS 4 software. The first is that the generation of positive emotions comes exclusively from cultural and historical dynamization and not from technological advances or an eagerness to learn. The second is that both the application of technological advances and cultural dynamization have a direct impact on productivity.
Emotional self-regulation and personality in the light of Thomas Aquinas’s philosophical anthropology
Authors: Rojas-Saffie Juan Pablo , García-Matte Nicolás
Published: May 2024

This article aims to thoroughly understand the concept of emotional self-regulation (ESR) and its relationship with personality. Through an interdisciplinary dialogue between psychology and philosophy—specifically, the anthropology of Thomas Aquinas—three realities are proposed that could be considered as ESR. The conceptual relationship between ESR—understood as operation, faculty and habit—and personality is examined, specifically using the Five-Factor Model and the virtues model. Key findings include the need for consensus on a precise definition of ESR, the central role of reason as a faculty capable of ruling over emotions, the relevance of the distinction between ESR and self-control, and the understanding of ESR as a set of habits that include aspects of prudence, temperance and fortitude. Interdisciplinary dialogue seems to be a valuable intellectual approach to the advancement of the field of psychology.
Parental acceptance of brain health programs for preschool children: a mixed-methods study exploring barriers, facilitators and future approaches
Authors: Montague Lily A. , Hespos Susan , Mackenzie Erin , Siette Joyce
Published: May 2024

Background

Recent research proposes that as much as 40% of dementia risk is amendable. Promoting healthy lifestyle behaviors in early life through educational methods can cultivate habits that may decrease dementia risk in later life. This study explores parental acceptance of brain health programs tailored for preschool children, aiming to identify barriers and facilitators affecting parental and child engagement.

Methods

Mixed-methods cross-sectional study. Urban and suburban parents (N = 187, Mage = 37.3 SD = 5.53, range = 29) of children aged three to five years across Australia. Parents participated in an online survey containing both open and closed questions exploring their personal views and opinions on brain health programs for their preschool children. Descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression analyses, and thematic analysis were used to explore sociodemographic factors associated with parental program acceptance.

Results

Most participants accepted a brain health program with over 98% agreeing a program would be useful for their child(ren). Participants with younger aged children were more likely to exhibit acceptance of a program (β = −0.209, p = 0.007). Three main categories emerged: dual home and preschool environments, the need for engaging brain health programs that were hands-on and screen-free, and addressing key barriers such as time and financial constraints to support implementation.

Conclusion

Participants valued educating their children for a healthy life and viewed brain health programs favorably. This study contributes to early childhood education discussions, offering guidance for future generations’ brain health and wellbeing.
Effects of 8 weeks parent-accompanied swimming on physical capacity and intelligence in preschool children
Authors: Yu Yichao , Xia Lei , Yan Huiping , Lu Yifan
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to explore the potential effects of 8-week parents-accompanied swimming on the physical capacity and intelligence of preschool children in China. Thirty-six boys (mean age 3.56 ± 0.27 years) were divided into three groups: the traditional physical exercise group (TP, n = 12), the accompanied swimming group (AS, n = 12) and the independent swimming group (IS, n = 12). Participants’ physical capacity was assessed before and after the intervention using the following indicators: height, weight, distance of tennis ball throw, standing long jump distance, time for the 10-meter shuttle run, time for a two-legged continuous jump, sit-and-reach distance, and time on the walking balance beam. Intelligence was assessed at three points: pre-test, mid-test after 4 weeks, and post-test. Data were analyzed using a two-way repeated measures ANOVA, Bonferroni test (p < 0.05) and effect size. The time of the AS and IS groups to walk the balance beam was significantly lower than the TP group, with a difference of 1.81 s (p < 0.01, [95% CI −3.22 to −0.40], ES = 1.53) and 1.25 s (p < 0.05, [95% CI −2.66 to 0.16], ES = 0.81). At the mid-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were lower than the AS group (p < 0.05, [95% CI −12.45 to −0.96], ES = 0.89). Additionally, at post-test, the IQ scores of the TP group were significantly lower than those of both AS (p < 0.01, [95% CI −14.12 to −2.74], ES = 1.15) and IS groups (p < 0.01, [95% CI −12.53 to −3.31], ES = 1.21). Swimming enhances children’s balance and IQ scores more than traditional physical exercises. Involving parents in swimming leads to a more significant increase in IQ scores within 4 weeks of initial swimming exercise.