bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changes in soil biochemical properties following replacement of Banj oak forest with Chir pine in Central Himalaya, India
Authors: Manral Vijyeta , Bargali Kiran , Bargali S. S. , Shahi Charu
Published: June 2020

Introduction

In Central Himalaya, anthropogenic activities have led to the widespread replacement of Banj oak (Quercus leucotrichophora) forest by Chir pine (Pinus roxburghii) for decades. This study was conducted to determine how natural Banj oak, Chir pine, and mixed oak-pine forest would differ in soil microbial biomass and soil nutrients. Soil microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN) and phosphorus (SMBP), soil organic carbon (SOC) total nitrogen (TN), and total phosphorus (TP) in the 0 to 15 cm soil layer were investigated in the Central Himalayan region in the stands of Banj oak, mixed oak-pine, and Chir pine forest.

Results

The SMBN and SMBP were significantly higher in Banj oak and mixed oak-pine forest as compared to Chir pine forest. The ratios of SMBN to TN (SMBN/TN) and SMBP to TP (SMBP/TP) were significantly higher in the Chir pine forest, indicating that in this forest, the proportion of microbial biomass N and P to total soil N and P was higher as compared to Banj oak forest. A similar pattern of variation was found in relation to season across the forests, all with an apparent peak in the rainy season.

Conclusion

These results indicate that low microbial biomass N and P may be one of the reasons to create a nutrient poor site in Chir pine forest. The collection of pine litter by local people also impairs the return of nutrients to the soil and makes it difficult for Banj oak to re-invade areas occupied by Chir pine. This calls for cautions in large-scale conversions of the Banj oak forests to coniferous plantations as a forest management practice on concerns of sustaining soil productivity.
Re-evaluating the relationship between missing heritability and the microbiome
Authors: Douglas Gavin M. , Bielawski Joseph P. , Langille Morgan G. I.
Published: June 2020

Human genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have recurrently estimated lower heritability estimates than familial studies. Many explanations have been suggested to explain these lower estimates, including that a substantial proportion of genetic variation and gene-by-environment interactions are unmeasured in typical GWASs. The human microbiome is potentially related to both of these explanations, but it has been more commonly considered as a source of unmeasured genetic variation. In particular, it has recently been argued that the genetic variation within the human microbiome should be included when estimating trait heritability. We outline issues with this argument, which in its strictest form depends on the holobiont model of human-microbiome interactions. Instead, we argue that the microbiome could be leveraged to help control for environmental variation across a population, although that remains to be determined. We discuss potential approaches that could be explored to determine whether integrating microbiome sequencing data into GWASs is useful.
Review of cellular biophysics and modeling: a primer on the computational biology of excitable cells
Authors: Chaudhry Qasim Ali
Published: June 2020

Book details

Greg Conradi Smith

William & Mary, Williamsburg, VA

Cellular Biophysics and Modeling: A Primer on the Computational Biology of Excitable Cells

Cambridge University Press 2019

© Greg Conradi Smith 2019

DOI: 10.1017/9780511793905

ISBN 978-1-107-00536-5 Hardback

ISBN 978-0-521-18305-5 Paperback
Reviewing assessment of student learning in interdisciplinary STEM education
Authors: Gao Xiaoyi , Li Peishan , Shen Ji , Sun Huifang
Published: June 2020

STEM education has received increasing attention in recent years. However, developing valid and reliable assessment of interdisciplinary learning in STEM has been a challenge. This study is a comprehensive review of assessment of interdisciplinary STEM education during the last two decades. A total of 49 empirical research articles were collected from an initial library of 635 articles focusing on interdisciplinary STEM education. A two-dimensional framework was developed to examine the literature. The first dimension concerns the nature of disciplines being assessed and includes three categories: monodisciplinary, interdiscipline, and transdiscipline. The second dimension concerns the learning objectives and includes four aspects: knowledge, skill, practice, and affective domain. The results show that most assessments focused on assessments of monodisciplinary knowledge, monodisciplinary affective domains, and transdisciplinary affective domains. Although many programs aimed to improve students’ interdisciplinary understanding or skills, their assessments did not align with their aims. Based on the review, future directions are proposed for developing assessments for interdisciplinary STEM educational programs.
Vault-housed extensometers recorded a rapid initial pulse before precursory magma reservoir inflation related to the 2011 eruption of Shinmoe-dake, Japan
Authors: Yamazaki Ken’ichi , Yamashita Yusuke , Komatsu Shintaro
Published: June 2020

Previous studies of the major eruption at Shinmoe-dake volcano, Japan, in January 2011 suggested that gradual injection of magma from a deep source into a shallow reservoir began in December 2009 and led to the major eruption. To investigate the initial phase of this injection event, we examined extensometer data from the Isa Observatory, ~ 18.5 km from the summit of Shinmoe-dake, and discovered a strain change event that spanned about 3 days in December 2009. The size of the strain change is comparable to those observed during each sub-Plinian eruption in 2011. The source of the rapid strain change appears to be deeper than the estimated location of the magma reservoir that directly supplied magma to the 2011 eruption sequence. These observations suggest that rapid injection of magma from the deep magmatic plumbing system in December 2009 triggered the continuous ascent of additional magma from depth, which in turn drove the climactic eruptions in January 2011. Extensometers also recorded two rapid strain change events of the same order of magnitude and with similar characteristics in December 2006 and August 2008; however, noticeable inflation of the edifice was not detected immediately following either event. This suggests that transient injection of magma into a shallow reservoir is not always followed immediately by a gradual recharge process.
Patient-specific instrumentation does not improve tibial component coronal alignment for medial UKA compared to conventional instrumentation
Authors: Kalache Houssam , Müller Jacobus H. , Saffarini Mo , Gancel Evrard
Published: June 2020

Background

Patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) may potentially improve unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) implant positioning and alignment. The purpose of this study was to compare early radiographic coronal alignment of medial UKA performed using PSI versus conventional instrumentation (CI) for tibial resections.

Methods

A consecutive series of 47 knees (47 patients) received medial UKA, with the tibial resections performed using CI (first 22 knees) or PSI (next 25 knees), while femoral resections were performed with CI in both groups. The target mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA) was 87° ± 3°, and the target hip-knee-ankle (HKA) angle was 177° ± 2°. The postoperative mMPTA and HKA were evaluated from postoperative radiographs at a follow-up of 2 months.

Results

Differences in postoperative mMPTA (p = 0.509) and HKA (p = 0.298) between the two groups were not statistically significant. For the mMPTA target, 24% of knees in the PSI group (85.6° ± 2.1°) and 32% of the CI group (85.0° ± 3.6°) were outliers. For the HKA target, 44% of knees in the PSI group (176.3° ± 2.8°) and 18% of the CI group (177.1° ± 2.3°) were outliers. Considering the two criteria simultaneously, 60% of knees in the PSI group and 45% of knees in the CI group were outside the target zone (p = 0.324), whereas 28% of knees in the PSI group and 41% of knees in the CI group were outside the target zone by more than 1° (p = 0.357).

Conclusions

The results of the present study revealed no statistically significant difference in radiographic coronal alignment of UKA performed using PSI versus CI for tibial resections.
School health education program in Pakistan (SHEPP)—a threefold health education feasibility trial in schoolchildren from a lower-middle-income country
Authors: Almas Aysha , Iqbal Romaina , Sabir Sania , Ghani Abdul , Kazmi Khawar
Published: June 2020

Background

The school environment plays an essential role in promoting health education and physical activity for children and adolescence, and they are more likely to adapt it into their adulthood. School health education program has been endorsed and emphasized by the World Health Organization has not been implemented in true spirit in Pakistan yet. We aim to test feasibility of threefold health education program in children and its potential efficacy on physical activity and diet and cardiometabolic risk factors by including BP, BMI, and waist circumference.

Methods

It is a parallel-group feasibility intervention trial. It is being conducted in two schools from lower to middle-income areas, at different locations but having the same school curriculum under the Aga Khan Education Service, Pakistan (AKESP). All children aged 9-11 years enrolled from the schools mentioned above were included. Children with any physical disability were excluded. One school received threefold intervention (focused on children, parents, and teachers) of school health education program in Pakistan (SHEPP) while the other school continued routine activity. Intervention of SHEPP is directed towards educating children, parents, and teachers about healthy behaviors. Children will receive interactive educational sessions and specially designed physical activity sessions. A 3-h health education session focusing on same healthy behaviors as for children will be conducted for both parents and teachers. Primary outcome is feasibility of SHEPP in terms of recruitment, retention, and treatment fidelity. Secondary outcomes are physical activity levels, dietary intake (of fruits, vegetable), and cardiometabolic risk factors (blood pressure, BMI, and waist circumference (WC)). The total number of children recruited were 982 (82.5 %); 505 from school A and 477 from school B and 496 (50.5) were boys.

Conclusion

SHEPP is a unique health education program for children as it focuses on children while involving the parents and teachers in the behavior change process. If found feasible and demonstrating potential efficacy on physical activity, dietary behaviors, and cardiometabolic parameters, we will be able to replicate this on a larger scale in public sector schools also.

Trial registration

NCT03303287
The effect of the tongue in groove technique on the nasolabial angle and nasal tip projection
Authors: Khabir Fatemeh , Sezavar Mehdi , Bohluli Behnam , Mesgarzadeh Vahid , Tavakoli Hamidreza
Published: June 2020

Background

The tongue in groove technique (TIG) is a useful technique for the correction of the nasal tip projection and the nasolabial angle. The purpose of this study was to determine the utility of this technique for nasal tip rotation and projection correction in the Iranian society.

Methods

This is a retrospective clinical trial study of 20 patients undergoing open septo-rhinoplasty using TIG technique from January 2017 to August 2019 at the oral and maxillofacial unit of Bu Ali Hospital and private sector. Preoperative and postoperative profile view photographs were compared to assess the changes in tip projection and rotation.

Results

Fifteen patients (75%) had normal angular size, and 5 of them (25%) were not within the normal range after the surgery. The Fisher exact test showed that this success was statistically significant (P = 0.006). Ten patients (50%) had normal projection size, postoperatively. The Fisher exact test showed that this effect was statistically significant (P < 0.01)

Conclusion

The study demonstrated the benefit of TIG on the correction of nasal tip projection and rotation.
Difficult airway management of a patient with limited range of motion in the temporomandibular joint and cervical extension caused by psoriatic arthritis: a case report
Authors: Maeda Makishi , Chaki Tomohiro , Kawaguchi Ryoichi , Kimijima Tomohiko , Yamakage Michiaki
Published: June 2020

Background

Psoriasis vulgaris, a chronic inflammatory skin disease, rarely causes temporomandibular arthritis. We report a case of difficult airway management of a patient with limited range of motion in the temporomandibular joint and cervical extension caused by psoriatic arthritis.

Case presentation

A 33-year-old man was scheduled to undergo laparoscopic colectomy. On admission, he was diagnosed with psoriatic arthritis. After induction of general anesthesia, we attempted intubation using Pentax Airway Scope® with a thin intlock blade and using a bronchoscope, but it was impossible because of the limited oral space and mandibular elevation. Because of concerns about cannot intubate, cannot ventilate, we antagonized the neuromuscular block and he emerged from general anesthesia. Finally, we succeeded in awake intubation via the nasal cavity using a bronchoscope under spontaneous respiration.

Conclusions

Although psoriasis vulgaris is very rarely associated with temporomandibular arthritis, anesthesiologists should consider that it can cause perioperative difficult airways.
Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) 3D Printing Special Interest Group (SIG) clinical situations for which 3D printing is considered an appropriate representation or extension of data contained in a medical imaging examination: abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal conditions
Authors: Ballard David H. , Wake Nicole , Witowski Jan , Rybicki Frank J. , Sheikh Adnan ,   RSNA Special Interest Group for 3D Printing Abdominal, Hepatobiliary, and Gastrointestinal Conditions Voting Group, Ballard David H. , Sheikh Adnan M. , Weadock William J. , Ryan Justin R. , Matsumoto Jane S. , Souza Carolina , Wake Nicole , Levine Dimitry , Ghodadra Anish , Quigley Edward P. , Christensen Andy , Chepelev Leonid , Althobaithy Waleed , Jeyaraj Satheesh , Krivaniak April , Pietila Todd , Shorti Rami , Santiago Lumarie , Arribas Elsa , Decker Summer , Parthasarathy Jayanthi , Witowski Jan
Published: June 2020

Background

Medical 3D printing has demonstrated value in anatomic models for abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal conditions. A writing group composed of the Radiological Society of North America (RSNA) Special Interest Group on 3D Printing (SIG) provides appropriateness criteria for abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal 3D printing indications.

Methods

A literature search was conducted to identify all relevant articles using 3D printing technology associated with a number of abdominal pathologic processes. Each included study was graded according to published guidelines.

Results

Evidence-based appropriateness guidelines are provided for the following areas: intra-hepatic masses, hilar cholangiocarcinoma, biliary stenosis, biliary stones, gallbladder pathology, pancreatic cancer, pancreatitis, splenic disease, gastric pathology, small bowel pathology, colorectal cancer, perianal fistula, visceral trauma, hernia, abdominal sarcoma, abdominal wall masses, and intra-abdominal fluid collections.

Conclusion

This document provides initial appropriate use criteria for medical 3D printing in abdominal, hepatobiliary, and gastrointestinal conditions.
Sliding mode approach applied to sensorless direct torque control of cage asynchronous motor via multi-level inverter
Authors: El Daoudi Soukaina , Lazrak Loubna , Ait Lafkih Mustapha
Published: June 2020

To improve the robustness and performance of the dynamic response of a cage asynchronous motor, a direct torque control (DTC) based on sliding mode control (SMC) is adopted to replace traditional proportional-integral (PI) and hysteresis comparators. The combination of the proposed strategy with sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) applied to a three-level neutral point clamped (NPC) inverter brings many advantages such as a reduction in harmonics, and precise and rapid tracking of the references. Simulations are performed for a three-level inverter with SM-DTC, a two-level inverter with SM-DTC and the three-level inverter with PI-DTC-SPWM. The results show that the SM-DTC method achieves better performance in terms of reference tracking, while adoption of the three-level inverter topology can effectively reduce the ripples. Applying the SM-DTC to the three-level inverter presents the best solution for achieving efficient and robust control. In addition, the use of a sliding mode speed estimator eliminates the mechanical sensor and this increases the reliability of the system.
Effect of dietary cassava peel meal supplemented with methionine and multienzyme on hemo-biochemical indices, digestibility, and antioxidants in rabbits
Authors: Oloruntola Olugbenga D.
Published: June 2020

Background

The effects of cassava peel meal (CPM) supplemented with methionine (MET) and multienzyme (ENZ) was studied using 240 5-week-old rabbits in a completely randomized design arranged in 2 × 2 × 2 factorial (2 CPM levels, 0 and 350 g/kg; 2 methionine levels, 5.6 and 8.3 g/kg; and 2 enzyme levels, 0 and 0.5 g/kg).

Results

The CPM inclusion reduced (P < 0.05) leucine, lysine, valine, and threonine digestibility, while the digestibility of leucine, lysine, and valine increased (P < 0.05) by high methionine level. Multienzyme increased leucine, lysine, and valine digestibility. CPM reduced (P < 0.01) red blood cell (RBC) count and the total serum protein. Higher methionine supplementation increased the serum total protein by 9.2%. The CPM inclusion increased bilirubin, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST). Methionine and enzyme supplementation increased albumin (ALB) but reduced creatinine (CRE). Superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity level increased (P < 0.01) with methionine and enzyme supplementation.

Conclusion

Cassava peel meal could be included in growing rabbits’ diets at 350 g/kg level with methionine at 32.53% higher than requirement and 0.5-g/kg multienzyme supplementation.
A cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase required for sclerotial development in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
Authors: Zhou Jiahong , Lin Yang , Fu Yanping , Xie Jiatao , Jiang Daohong , Cheng Jiasen
Published: June 2020

Sclerotial development is a vital stage in the life cycles of many fungal plant pathogens. In this study, the protein Ss-CAD, which contains three conserved domains of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), was found to be required for sclerotial development in Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. Ss-CAD was significantly upregulated during early stage of sclerotial development. In Ss-CAD-silenced strains, sclerotial development was abnormal. In these silenced strains, formation of sclerotia was delayed or sclerotia yield was reduced, whereas hyphal growth and virulence were normal. Nox1, Nox2, and NoxR, which encode reactive oxygen species (ROS)-generating NADPH oxidases, were downregulated in Ss-CAD-silenced strains. NoxR-silenced strains displayed similar defects during sclerotial formation as Ss-CAD-silenced strains. Treatment of Ss-CAD-silenced strains with exogenous oxidants or NADPH restored normal sclerotial development. Sclerogenesis in Ss-CAD-silenced strains could also be recovered through Nox1 overexpression. The results suggest that Ss-CAD is linked to the NADPH oxidase pathways to affect sclerotial development in S. sclerotiorum.
Bibliometric review of visual computing in the construction industry
Authors: Wang Heng-Wei , Hu Zhen-Zhong , Lin Jia-Rui
Published: June 2020

In the construction area, visuals such as drawings, photos, videos, and 3D models, play a significant role in the design, build and maintenance of a facility, bringing efficiency to generate, transfer, and store information. Advanced visual computing techniques facilitate the understanding of design contents, work plans, and other types of information shared in the construction industry. Automatic visual data collection and analysis provide many possibilities to the construction industry and a large number of works have investigated how visual computing can improve construction management processes and other problems in the construction area. However, a comprehensive literature review is needed. This study uses bibliometric approaches to review the works published to date, and analyses the development of knowledge, significant research results, and trends. The purpose of this study is to help newcomers to this research field understand knowledge structure and formulate research directions, thereby enhancing knowledge development. From this study, it can be concluded that computer vision is a key axis of improvement. Moreover, building information modeling, laser scanning, and other visualization-related techniques are also important in advancing the construction area.
The supramolecular redox functions of metallomacromolecules
Authors: Astruc Didier
Published: June 2020

Metallomacromolecules are frequently encountered in redox proteins including metal-tanned hide collagen and play crucial roles involving supramolecular properties in biological electron-transfer processes. They are also currently found in non-natural families, such as: metallopolymers, metallodendrimers and metallodendronic polymers. This mini-review discusses the supramolecular redox functions of such nanomaterials developed in our research group. Electron-transfer processes are first examined in mono-, bis- and hexa-nuclear ferrocenes and other electron-reservoir organoiron systems showing the influence of supramolecular and reorganization aspects on their mechanism. Then applications of electron-transfer processes using these same organoiron redox systems in metallomacromolecules and their supramolecular functions are discussed including redox recognition/sensing, catalysis templates, electrocatalysis, redox catalysis, molecular machines, electrochromes, drug delivery device and nanobatteries.

Graphical Abstract
Techno-economic analysis and environmental impact of biovalorization of agro-industrial wastes for biodiesel feedstocks by oleaginous yeasts
Authors: Sae-ngae Saithip , Cheirsilp Benjamas , Louhasakul Yasmi , Suksaroj Thunwadee Tachapattaworakul , Intharapat Punyanich
Published: June 2020

Different types of agro-industrial wastes including lignocellulosic wastes, carbohydrate and protein-rich wastes, syrup wastes and glycerol wastes were explored as biodiesel feedstocks. This strategy not only can partially replace fossil fuel but also simultaneously decrease the environmental impact. This is the first report on the techno-economic analysis and CO2 emissions of biovalorization of these wastes for biodiesel production by potential oleaginous yeasts. These evaluations could help to identify potential bottlenecks and suggest suitable implementations. Process models include steps of waste preparation, yeast cultivation, harvesting and biodiesel production through direct transesterification. The evaluation results reveal that the energy intensive steps which also have high CO2 emissions are the heating steps during waste preparation and sterilization prior to yeast cultivation. The most practical and cost-effective scenario was the recycling of glycerol waste from biodiesel industry as renewable feedstocks. This process not only reduces the production cost of biodiesel but also leads to a zero-waste discharge process with low CO2 emissions.
The saprotrophic Pleurotus ostreatus species complex: late Eocene origin in East Asia, multiple dispersal, and complex speciation
Authors: Li Jing , Han Li-Hong , Liu Xiao-Bin , Zhao Zhi-Wei , Yang Zhu L.
Published: June 2020

ThePleurotus ostreatusspecies complex is saprotrophic and of significant economic and ecological importance. However, species delimitation has long been problematic because of phenotypic plasticity and morphological stasis. In addition, the evolutionary history is poorly understood due to limited sampling and insufficient gene fragments employed for phylogenetic analyses. Comprehensive sampling from Asia, Europe, North and South America and Africa was used to run phylogenetic analyses of theP. ostreatusspecies complex based on 40 nuclear single-copy orthologous genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Here, we present a robust phylogeny of theP. ostreatusspecies complex, fully resolved from the deepest nodes to species level. TheP. ostreatusspecies complex was strongly supported as monophyletic, and 20 phylogenetic species were recognized, with seven putatively new species. Data from our molecular clock analyses suggested that divergence of the genusPleurotusprobably occurred in the late Jurassic, while the most recent common ancestor of theP. ostreatusspecies complex diversified about 39 Ma in East Asia. Species of theP. ostreatuscomplex might migrate from the East Asia into North America across the North Atlantic Land Bridge or the Bering Land Bridge at different times during the late Oligocene, late Miocene and late Pliocene, and then diversified in the Old and New Worlds simultaneously through multiple dispersal and vicariance events. The dispersal from East Asia to South America in the middle Oligocene was probably achieved by a long-distance dispersal event. Intensification of aridity and climate cooling events in the late Miocene and Quaternary glacial cycling probably had a significant influence on diversification patterns of the complex. The disjunctions among East Asia, Europe, North America and Africa within Clade IIc are hypothesized to be a result of allopatric speciation. Substrate transitions to Apiaceae probably occurred no earlier than 6 Ma. Biogeographic analyses suggested that the global cooling of the late Eocene, intensification of aridity caused by rapid uplift of the QTP and retreat of the Tethys Sea in the late Miocene, climate cooling events in Quaternary glacial cycling, and substrate transitions have contributed jointly to diversification of the species complex.
Influence of the GEO satellite orbit error fluctuation correction on the BDS WADS zone correction
Authors: Wang Binghao , Zhou Jianhua , Wang Bin , Cong Dianwei , Zhang Hui
Published: June 2020

Decimeter-level service is provided by the BeiDou satellite navigation system wide area differential service (BDS WADS) for users who collect carrier phase measurements. However, the fluctuations in Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite orbit errors reduce the spatial correlation of orbit errors. These fluctuations not only decrease the accuracy and stability of zone correction service provided by BDS WADS, but also shorten its effective range. In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to weaken the influence of GEO satellite orbit error fluctuations and verified the method using data from eight sparsely distributed zones. The results show that orbit errors can be stabilized using orbit fluctuation corrections, and the positioning precision and stability of the BDS WADS can be improved simultaneously. Under normal circumstances, the horizontal and vertical positioning accuracy of users within 1000 km from the center of the zone can reach 0.19 m and 0.34 m. Furthermore, the effective range is increased. The positioning performance within 1800 km could reach 0.24 m and 0.38 m for the horizontal and vertical components, respectively.
Identifying barriers, facilitators, and implementation strategies for a faith-based physical activity program
Authors: Haughton Jessica , Takemoto Michelle L. , Schneider Jennifer , Hooker Steven P. , Rabin Borsika , Brownson Ross C. , Arredondo Elva M.
Published: June 2020

Background

Community engagement is critical to the acceleration of evidence-based interventions into community settings. Harnessing the knowledge and opinions of community leaders increases the likelihood of successful implementation, scale-up, and sustainment of evidence-based interventions. Faith in Action (Fe en Acción) is an evidence-based promotora-led physical activity program designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among churchgoing Latina women.

Methods

We conducted in-depth interviews using a semi-structured interview guide based on the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) at various Catholic and Protestant churches with large Latino membership in San Diego County, California to explore barriers and facilitators to implementation of Faith in Action and identify promising implementation strategies for program scale-up and dissemination. We interviewed 22 pastors and church staff and analyzed transcripts using an iterative-deductive team approach.

Results

Pastors and church staff described barriers and facilitators to implementation within three domains of CFIR: characteristics of individuals (lack of self-efficacy for and knowledge of physical activity; influence on churchgoers’ behaviors), inner setting (church culture and norms, alignment with mission and values, competing priorities, lack of resources), and outer setting (need for buy-in from senior leadership). From the interviews, we identified four promising implementation strategies for the scale-up of faith-based health promotion programs: (1) health behavior change training for pastors and staff, (2) tailored messaging, (3) developing community collaborations, and (4) gaining denominational support.

Conclusions

While churches can serve as valuable partners in health promotion, specific barriers and facilitators to implementation must be recognized and understood. Addressing these barriers through targeted implementation strategies at the adopter and organizational level can facilitate improved program implementation and lead the way for scale-up and dissemination.
All-silicon photovoltaic detectors with deep ultraviolet selectivity
Authors: Li Yuqiang , Zheng Wei , Huang Feng
Published: June 2020

For a practical photodetector, fast switching speed and high on-off ratio are essential, and more importantly, the integration capability of the device finally determines its application level. In this work, the judiciously engineered Si3N4/Si detector with an open-circuit voltage of 0.41 V is fabricated by chemical vapor deposition methods, and exhibits good performance with repeatability. The advanced integration technology of Si3N4 and Si is the foundation for imaging functions in the near future. Compare to the current commercial Si p-i-n photodiodes, the detector cuts off the long-wavelength UV light over 260 nm, realizing the spectrum selectivity without filters or complexed accessories. The stability of this detector is further characterized by cycling response, temperature and light intensity dependence tests. In addition, we also analyze and explain the inherent mechanisms that govern the different operations of two types of Si3N4/Si photodetectors.
The Importance of Natriuretic Peptides in Cardiometabolic Diseases
Authors: Vinnakota Shravya , Chen Horng H
Published: June 2020

The natriuretic peptide (NP) system is composed of 3 distinct peptides (atrial natriuretic peptide or ANP, B-type natriuretic peptide or BNP, and C-type natriuretic peptide or CNP) and 3 receptors (natriuretic peptide receptor-A or NPR-A or particulate guanynyl cyclase-A natriuretic peptide receptor-B or NPR-B or particulate guanynyl cyclase-B, and natriuretic peptide receptor-C or NPR-C or clearance receptor). ANP and BNP function as defense mechanisms against ventricular stress and the deleterious effects of volume and pressure overload on the heart. Although the role of NPs in cardiovascular homeostasis has been extensively studied and well established, much remains uncertain about the signaling pathways in pathological states like heart failure, a state of impaired natriuretic peptide function. Elevated levels of ANP and BNP in heart failure correlate with disease severity and have a prognostic value. Synthetic ANP and BNP have been studied for their therapeutic role in hypertension and heart failure, and promising trials are under way. In recent years, the expression of ANP and BNP in human adipocytes has come to light. Through their role in promotion of adipocyte browning, lipolysis, lipid oxidation, and modulation of adipokine secretion, they have emerged as key regulators of energy consumption and metabolism. NPR-A signaling in skeletal muscles and adipocytes is emerging as pivotal to the maintenance of long-term insulin sensitivity, which is disrupted in obesity and reduced glucose-tolerance states. Genetic variants in the genes encoding for ANP and BNP have been associated with a favorable cardiometabolic profile. In this review, we discuss several pathways that have been proposed to explain the role of NPs as endocrine networkers. There is much to be explored about the therapeutic role of NPs in improving metabolic milieu.
Primary Adrenal Leiomyosarcoma: Clinical, Radiological, and Histopathological Characteristics
Authors: Jabarkhel Fatema , Puttonen Henri , Hansson Lina , Muth Andreas , Ragnarsson Oskar
Published: June 2020

Primary adrenal leiomyosarcoma (PAL) is a rare, high-grade proliferating mesenchymal tumor with a considerable risk of metastasis, deriving from the smooth muscle wall of a central adrenal vein, or its tributaries. Roughly 40 patients with PAL have been reported in the literature. Herein, we present 3 patients with incidentally discovered PAL, along with an overview of the current knowledge on the clinical, radiological, and histopathological characteristics of PAL.
Dissection of Clinical and Gene Expression Signatures of Familial versus Multifactorial Chylomicronemia
Authors: Tremblay Karine , Gaudet Daniel , Khoury Etienne , Brisson Diane
Published: June 2020

Familial chylomicronemia syndrome (FCS) is a rare disorder associated with chylomicronemia (CM) and an increased risk of pancreatitis. Most individuals with CM do not have FCS but exhibit multifactorial CM (MCM), which differs from FCS in terms of risk and disease management. This study aimed to investigate clinical and gene expression profiles of FCS and MCM patients. Anthropometrics, clinical, and biochemical variables were analyzed in 57 FCS and 353 MCM patients. Gene expression analyses were performed in a subsample of 19 FCS, 28 MCM, and 15 normolipidemic controls. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were performed to analyze the capacity of variables to discriminate FCS from MCM. Sustained fasting triglycerides ≥20 mmol/L (>15 mmol/L with eruptive xanthomas), history of pancreatitis, poor response to fibrates, diagnosis of CM at childhood, body mass index <22 kg/m2, and delipidated apolipoprotein B or glycerol levels <0.9 g/L and <0.05 mmol/L, respectively, had an area under the ROC curve ≥0.7. Gene expression analyses identified 142 probes differentially expressed in FCS and 32 in MCM compared with controls. Among them, 13 probes are shared between FCS and MCM; 63 are specific to FCS and 2 to MCM. Most FCS-specific or shared biomarkers are involved in inflammatory, immune, circadian, postprandial metabolism, signaling, docking systems, or receptor-mediated clearance mechanisms. This study reveals differential signatures of FCS and MCM. It opens the door to the identification of key mechanisms of CM expression and potential targets for the development of new treatments.
Ownership's Shadow
Authors: Redecker Eva von
Published: June 2020

This article theorizes contemporary authoritarian mobilization and its continuities with liberal modernity. It draws on the genealogy of modern property to systematically integrate two registers that often compete in explanations of authoritarianism: materialist analyses of the political economy, and accounts of racism and sexism. Following intersectional feminist and race scholarship, it argues that liberal capitalist societies rely on inbuilt entitlements to group-based oppression, and that these oppressive relations historically took on a form analogous to property. This analogy is not accidental. Propertized oppression supplements the promise of self-ownership that liberalism rests upon; and it compensates parts of the population for the material dispossession on which capitalism thrives. At the present historical conjuncture of formal legal equality and neoliberal material dispossession, the logic of property is replicated in a new key. Neoauthoritarianism seeks to protect embodied entitlements to appropriate for select groups, and to designate others as disposable.
Of Goats, Theorems, and Laws
Authors: rodríguez freire raúl , Núñez Paco Brito
Published: June 2020

Joseph Townsend’s Dissertation on the Poor Laws (1786) advances the thesis that aid to the poor generates more poverty. It is a work that twists and traduces a number of bibliographic sources in order to produce its famous theorem about goats and dogs, an idea that would have tremendous influence on public policy on overpopulation. The sources of Townsend's Dissertation are based on the figure of Alexander Selkirk, who lived as a castaway on an island of the Juan Fernández Archipelago. This essay analyzes Townsend's sources and takes note of the spread of his proposals, the Robinsonades, and their validation by ostensibly scientific discourses which have asserted their truth value over and above that of literary fictions. In closing, it demonstrates Townsend's own grounding in fiction, and considers the role the shaping power of literature might play in the reimagination of a world out of joint.
De cabras, teoremas y leyes
Authors: rodríguez freire raúl
Published: June 2020

A Dissertation on the Poor Laws, de Joseph Townsend, levanta la hipótesis de que la ayuda a los pobres reproduce la pobreza. Para ello, recurre a unas fuentes bibliográficas que, traducidas y tergiversadas, le permitirán producir su famoso teorema de las cabras y los perros y transformarse en una figura clave de las políticas sobre el sobrepoblamiento. Dichas fuentes tienen su base en la figura de Alexander Selkirk, que vivió como náufrago en una isla del llamado archipiélago Juan Fernández. Este ensayo analiza las fuentes de Townsend y repara en la reproducción de sus propuestas (robinsonadas), revisadas por supuestos discursos científicos, con lo cual se dictamina su valor de verdad por sobre las ficciones literarias. Finalmente se pretende mostrar la propia base ficcional de Townsend, así como el poder configurador con el que también cuenta la literatura para reimaginar un mundo fuera de quicio.
Sexual Violence in Sport: American Medical Society for Sports Medicine Position Statement
Authors: Koontz Jennifer Scott , Mountjoy Margo , Abbott Kristin E. , Aron Cindy Miller , Basile Kathleen C. , Carlson Chad T. , Chang Cindy J. , Diamond Alex B. , Dugan Sheila A. , Hainline Brian , Herring Stanley A. , Hopkins Elliot , Joy Elizabeth A. , Judge Janet P. , LaBotz Michele , Matuszak Jason , McDavis Cody J. , Myers Rebecca A. , Nattiv Aurelia , Tanji Jeffrey L. , Wagner Jessica , Roberts William O.
Published: June 2020

The American Medical Society for Sports Medicine (AMSSM) convened a group of experts to develop a Position Statement addressing the problem of sexual violence in sport. The AMSSM Sexual Violence in Sport Task Force held a series of meetings over 7 months, beginning in July 2019. Following a literature review, the task force used an iterative process and expert consensus to finalize the position statement. The objective of this position statement is to raise awareness of this critical issue among sports medicine physicians and to declare a commitment to engage in collaborative, multidisciplinary solutions to reduce sexual violence in sport.
Adaptability and responsiveness: keys to operational measures in a regional hospital radiology department during the current COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mukherjee Pratik , Lim Tze Chwan , Chawla Ashish , Chou Hong , Peh Wilfred C G
Published: June 2020

The rapid and mostly uncontrolled spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic over the past 4 months has overwhelmed many healthcare systems worldwide. In Singapore, while our public healthcare institutions were considered well prepared due to our prior experience with the SARS outbreak, there was an unexpected surge of infected patients over the recent 2 months to deal with. We describe our radiology department’s experience in modifying operational practices and implementing strict infection control measures aimed at minimizing disease transmission and mitigating the potential impact of possible staff infection. From the perspective of serving a medium-sized regional hospital and limited by physical and manpower constraints, our radiology department had to adapt quickly and modify our initial responses and practices as the disease scenario changed. We have also enumerated some guidelines for planning future radiology departments.
PancREatic Cancer and Individualised Supervised Exercise (PRECISE): a feasibility trial protocol for patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
Authors: O'Connor Dominic , Brown Malcolm , Bowdery Roy , Eatock Martin , Hulme Claire , Maraveyas Anthony , Robinson Rebecca , Turkington Richard C. , Vince Rebecca , Wadsley Jonathan , Prue Gillian
Published: June 2020

Background: Patients with resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy can experience an array of complications including fatigue, pain and the loss of physical function. Accumulating evidence from largely early stage breast cancer studies supports exercise as an adjunct therapy to help mitigate treatment complications. However, there is a lack of evidence of its feasibility in pancreatic cancer. The purpose of this study is to explore the initial feasibility of delivering a supervised, individualized, and progressive concurrent exercise intervention to individuals with resectable PDAC who are undergoing adjuvant therapy.

Methodology: Ten patients with resectable PDAC undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy will be recruited. Clinical care teams will screen patients against inclusion criteria to determine eligibility. All enrolled participants will complete a 16-week, supervised, tailored, moderate intensity exercise intervention consisting of aerobic and muscle strengthening activities. The primary outcome will be feasibility of delivering a supervised exercise intervention. Secondary outcomes will include measures of physical fitness, fatigue, and quality of life. Outcomes will be measured at baseline (T1), 16 weeks (T2) and 3 months (T3). The feasibility, acceptability and potential utility of the supervised exercise intervention will be explored qualitatively through semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders (e.g. active participants, eligible participants that declined participation and the research staff including exercise physiologists and recruiting clinicians).  The use of health and social care services, medications and personal expenses incurred during the trial will also be used to determine cost-effectiveness of this intervention and a potential further RCT in PDAC.

Discussion: The overall aim of this study is to determine the utility of a supervised, tailored, moderate intensity exercise intervention in PDAC patients undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy.  This feasibility study will help inform the design of future randomised controlled trials to determine the efficacy of the exercise intervention in PDAC.
Functional group and diversity analysis of BIOFACQUIM: A Mexican natural product database
Authors: Sánchez-Cruz Norberto , Pilón-Jiménez B. Angélica , Medina-Franco José L.
Published: June 2020

Background: Natural product databases are important in drug discovery and other research areas. An analysis of its structural content, as well as functional group occurrence, provides a useful overview, as well as a means of comparison with related databases. BIOFACQUIM is an emerging database of natural products characterized and isolated in Mexico. Herein, we discuss the results of a first systematic functional group analysis and global diversity of an updated version of BIOFACQUIM.

Methods: BIOFACQUIM was augmented through a literature search and data curation. A structural content analysis of the dataset was performed. This involved a functional group analysis with a novel algorithm to automatically identify all functional groups in a molecule and an assessment of the global diversity using consensus diversity plots. To this end, BIOFACQUIM was compared to two major and large databases: ChEMBL 25, and a herein assembled collection of natural products with 169,839 unique compounds.

Results: The structural content analysis showed that 15.7% of compounds and 11.6% of scaffolds present in the current version of BIOFACQUIM have not been reported in the other large reference datasets. It also gave a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and molecular fingerprints regarding the previous version of the dataset, as well as a higher similarity to the assembled collection of natural products than to ChEMBL 25, in terms of diversity and frequent functional groups.

Conclusions: A total of 148 natural products were added to BIOFACQUIM, which meant a diversity increase in terms of scaffolds and fingerprints. Regardless of its relatively small size, there are a significant number of compounds and scaffolds that are not present in the reference datasets, showing that curated databases of natural products, such as BIOFACQUIM, can serve as a starting point to increase the biologically relevant chemical space.
Recent advances in the understanding of bronchiolitis in adults
Authors: Ryu Jay H , Azadeh Natalya , Samhouri Bilal , Yi Eunhee
Published: June 2020

Bronchiolitis is injury to the bronchioles (small airways with a diameter of 2 mm or less) resulting in inflammation and/or fibrosis. Bronchioles can be involved in pathologic processes that involve predominantly the lung parenchyma or large airways, but, in some diseases, bronchioles are the main site of injury (“primary bronchiolitis”). Acute bronchiolitis caused by viruses is responsible for most cases of bronchiolitis in infants and children. In adults, however, there is a wide spectrum of bronchiolar disorders and most are chronic. Many forms of bronchiolitis have been described in the literature, and the terminology in this regard remains confusing. In clinical practice, a classification scheme based on the underlying histopathologic pattern (correlates with presenting radiologic abnormalities) facilitates the recognition of bronchiolitis and the search for the inciting cause of the lung injury. Respiratory bronchiolitis is the most common form of bronchiolitis in adults and is usually related to cigarette smoking. Currently, the diagnosis of respiratory bronchiolitis is generally achieved based on the clinical context (smoking history) and chest CT findings. Constrictive (obliterative) bronchiolitis is associated with airflow obstruction and is seen in various clinical contexts including environmental/occupational inhalation exposures, transplant recipients (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome), and many others. Diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia (DIPNECH) is increasingly recognized and can be associated with progressive airflow obstruction related to constrictive bronchiolitis (“DIPNECH syndrome”). Diffuse aspiration bronchiolitis is a form of aspiration-related lung disease that is often unsuspected and confused for interstitial lung disease. Novel forms of bronchiolitis have been described, including lymphocytic bronchiolitis and alveolar ductitis with emphysema recently described in employees at a manufacturing facility for industrial machines. Bronchiolitis is also a component of vaping-related lung injury encountered in the recent outbreak.