bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lactobacillus plantarum Strain Ln4 Attenuates Diet-Induced Obesity, Insulin Resistance, and Changes in Hepatic mRNA Levels Associated with Glucose and Lipid Metabolism
Authors: Lee Eunjung , Jung So-Ra , Lee So-Young , Lee Na-Kyoung , Paik Hyun-Dong , Lim Seong-Il
Published: May 2018

The prevalence of obesity and associated metabolic disorders, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease, is rapidly becoming a severe global health problem. Recent reports have suggested that the alteration of the gut ecosystem through the consumption of probiotics and fermented foods, such as yogurt and Kimchi, can significantly impact obesity and Type 2 diabetes (T2D)-related biomarkers. In this study, we screened over 400 strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that were isolated from fermented foods to identify potent anti-obesogenic and diabetic probiotics in vitro. Of the strains tested, Lactobacillus plantarum Ln4 (Ln4), which was obtained from napa cabbage kimchi, significantly reduced lipid accumulation and stimulated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Oral administration of Ln4 reduced weight gain and epididymal fat mass in mice fed on a high-fat diet (HFD). Total plasma triglyceride level was significantly lower in mice that were treated Ln4 as compared with mice fed HFD. The protein levels of adipokines such as C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin-like growth factor binding proteins-3 (IGFBP-3), and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) decreased in white adipose tissues of Ln4-treated mice. Furthermore, these mice exhibited a significant reduction of insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) and the improvement of glucose tolerance (OGTT) and insulin response (ITT) following Ln4 administration. This was associated with changes in several hepatic gene expressions (increased mRNA levels of IRS2, Akt2, AMPK, LPL, and reduced CD36) that regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Taken together, these results indicate that in vitro and in vivo Ln4 treatment attenuates diet-induced obesity and T2D biomarkers, highlighting the potential of Ln4 as a therapeutic probiotic agent for metabolic disorders.
Differential Impact of Malnutrition on Health Outcomes Among Indigenous and Non-Indigenous Adults Admitted to Hospital in Regional Australia—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Morris Natasha , Stewart Simon , Riley Malcolm , Maguire Graeme
Published: May 2018

The burden of malnutrition in Indigenous people is a major health priority and this study’s aims are to understand health outcomes among Indigenous and non-Indigenous patients. This cohort study includes 608 medical inpatients in three regional hospitals. Participants were screened for malnutrition using the Subjective Global Assessment tool. Hospital length of stay, discharge destination, 30-day and six-month hospital readmission and survival were measured. Although no significant difference was observed between Indigenous participants who were malnourished or nourished (p = 0.120), malnourished Indigenous participants were more likely to be readmitted back into hospital within 30 days (Relative Risk (RR) 1.53, 95% CI 1.19–1.97, p = 0.002) and six months (RR 1.40, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.05–1.88, p = 0.018), and less likely to be alive at six months (RR 1.63, 95% CI 1.20–2.21, p = 0.015) than non-Indigenous participants. Malnutrition was associated with higher mortality (Hazards Ratio (HR) 3.32, 95% CI 1.87–5.89, p < 0.001) for all participants, and independent predictors for six-month mortality included being malnourished (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.16–3.79, p = 0.014), advanced age (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.02–1.06, p = 0.001), increased acute disease severity (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, HR 1.03, 95% CI 1.01–1.05, p = 0.002) and higher chronic disease index (Charlson Comorbidity Index, HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.16–3.79, p = 0.014). Malnutrition in regional Australia is associated with increased healthcare utilization and decreased survival. New approaches to malnutrition-risk screening, increased dietetic resourcing and nutrition programs to proactively identify and address malnutrition in this context are urgently required.
Association between Dietary Inflammatory Index and Metabolic Syndrome in the General Korean Population
Authors: Kim Hye-Young , Lee Jeonghee , Kim Jeongseon
Published: May 2018

Inflammation is thought to be partly responsible for metabolic syndrome (MetS). Recently, dietary inflammatory index (DII) was developed to calculate the overall inflammatory potential of a diet. The objective of this study was to investigate the association between DII and MetS, as well as MetS components, using nationally representative survey data. The study sample consisted of 9291 Korean adults (aged 19–65 years, 3682 men and 5609 women) who participated in the sixth (2013–2015) Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. DII values were calculated using 24-h dietary recall data. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the association between DII and MetS by sex. In the multivariate logistic regression model, the top DII quartile (Q4), was positively associated with MetS prevalence in men (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.40; 95% CI = 1.06–1.85; p for linear trend = 0.008) and in postmenopausal women (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.67; 95% CI = 1.15–2.44; p for linear trend = 0.008). The top DII quartile was also positively associated with the prevalence of hyperglycemia in men and the prevalence of central obesity in postmenopausal women. Further studies using prospective cohorts are needed to identify the causal relationship between DII and MetS.
A Miniaturized Extruder to Prototype Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Selection of Plasticizers for Hot Melt Extrusion
Authors: Lauer Matthias E. , Maurer Reto , De Paepe Anne T. , Stillhart Cordula , Jacob Laurence , James Rajesh , Kojima Yuki , Rietmann Rene , Kissling Tom , Van den Ende Joost A. , Schwarz Sabine , Grassmann Olaf , Page Susanne
Published: May 2018

Hot-melt extrusion is an option to fabricate amorphous solid dispersions and to enhance oral bioavailability of poorly soluble compounds. The selection of suitable polymer carriers and processing aids determines the dissolution, homogeneity and stability performance of this solid dosage form. A miniaturized extrusion device (MinEx) was developed and Hypromellose acetate succinate type L (HPMCAS-L) based extrudates containing the model drugs neurokinin-1 (NK1) and cholesterylester transfer protein (CETP) were manufactured, plasticizers were added and their impact on dissolution and solid-state properties were assessed. Similar mixtures were manufactured with a lab-scale extruder, for face to face comparison. The properties of MinEx extrudates widely translated to those manufactured with a lab-scale extruder. Plasticizers, Polyethyleneglycol 4000 (PEG4000) and Poloxamer 188, were homogenously distributed but decreased the storage stability of the extrudates. Stearic acid was found condensed in ultrathin nanoplatelets which did not impact the storage stability of the system. Depending on their distribution and physicochemical properties, plasticizers can modulate storage stability and dissolution performance of extrudates. MinEx is a valuable prototyping-screening method and enables rational selection of plasticizers in a time and material sparing manner. In eight out of eight cases the properties of the extrudates translated to products manufactured in lab-scale extrusion trials.
A Repurposed Drug for Brain Cancer: Enhanced Atovaquone Amorphous Solid Dispersion by Combining a Spontaneously Emulsifying Component with a Polymer Carrier
Authors: Takabe Hiroyuki , Warnken Zachary N. , Zhang Yajie , Davis Daniel A. , Smyth Hugh D. C. , Kuhn John G. , Weitman Steve , Williams III Robert O.
Published: May 2018

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and lethal central nervous system tumor. Recently, atovaquone has shown inhibition of signal transducer and activator transcription 3, a promising target for GBM therapy. However, it is currently unable to achieve therapeutic drug concentrations in the brain with the currently reported and marketed formulations. The present study sought to explore the efficacy of atovaquone against GBM as well as develop a formulation of atovaquone that would improve oral bioavailability, resulting in higher amounts of drug delivered to the brain. Atovaquone was formulated as an amorphous solid dispersion using an optimized formulation containing a polymer and a spontaneously emulsifying component (SEC) with greatly improved wetting, disintegration, dispersibility, and dissolution properties. Atovaquone demonstrated cytotoxicity against GBM cell lines as well as provided a confirmed target for atovaquone brain concentrations in in vitro cell viability studies. This new formulation approach was then assessed in a proof-of-concept in vivo exposure study. Based on these results, the enhanced amorphous solid dispersion is promising for providing therapeutically effective brain levels of atovaquone for the treatment of GBM.
Isothermal and Nonisothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Poly(ε-caprolactone) Blended with a Novel Ionic Liquid, 1-Ethyl-3-propylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide
Authors: Yang Chun-Ting , Lee Li-Ting , Wu Tzi-Yi
Published: May 2018

Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) and biodegradable polymers have become crucial functional materials in green sustainable science and technology. In this study, we investigated the influence of a novel IL, 1-ethyl-3-propylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([EPrI][TFSI]), on the crystallization kinetics of a widely studied biodegradable polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL). To obtain a comprehensive understanding, both the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the PCL blends were studied. Incorporating [EPrI][TFSI] reduced the isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization rates of PCL. Regarding isothermal crystallization, the small k and 1/t0.5 values of the blend, estimated using the Avrami equation, indicated that [EPrI][TFSI] decreased the rate of isothermal crystallization of PCL. The Mo model adequately described the nonisothermal crystallization kinetics of the blends. Increasing the [EPrI][TFSI] content caused the rate-related parameter F(T) to increase. This indicated that the crystallization rate of PCL decreased when [EPrI][TFSI] was incorporated. The spherulite appearance temperature of the blending sample was found to be lower than that of neat PCL under a constant cooling rate. The analysis of the effective activation energy proposed that the nonisothermal crystallization of PCL would not be favorited when the [EPrI][TFSI] was incorporated into the blends. The addition of [EPrI][TFSI] would not change the crystal structures of PCL according to the results of wide angle X-ray diffraction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy suggested that interactions occurred between [EPrI][TFSI] and PCL. The crystallization kinetics of PCL were inhibited when [EPrI][TFSI] was incorporated.
Lamellae Assembly in Dendritic Spherulites of Poly(l-lactic Acid) Crystallized with Poly(p-Vinyl Phenol)
Authors: Siti Nurkhamidah , Woo Eamor M. , Yeh Yu-Ting , Luo Faliang , Katiyar Vimal
Published: May 2018

Lamellar assembly with fractal-patterned growth into dendritic and ringed spherulites of crystallized poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), of two molecular weight (MW) grades and crystallized at (temperature of crystallization) Tc = 120 and 130 °C, respectively, are evaluated using optical and atomic-force microscopies. The results of surface-relief patterns in correlation with interior microscopy analyses in this work strongly indicate that the observed birefringence changes in PLLA polymer dendritic or ringed spherulites (from blue to orange, or to optical extinction) need not be definitely associated with the continuous helix twisting of lamellae; they can be caused by sudden and discontinuous lamellae branching at intersected angles with respect to the original main lamellae, as proven in the case of dendritic and zig-zag rough-ringed spherulites. Intersection angles between the main stalks and branches tend to be governed by polymer crystal lattices; for PLLA, the orthorhombic lattice (α-form) usually gives a 60° angle of branching and hexagonal growth. The branching lamellae then further bend to convex or concave shapes and finally make a 60–90° angle with respect to the main stalks. Such mechanisms are proven to exist in the straight dendritic/striped high-molecular weight (HMW)-PLLA spherulites (Tc = 120 °C); similar mechanisms also work in circularly ringed (Tc = 130 °C) HMW-PLLA spherulites.
High Performance Soluble Polyimides from Ladder-Type Fluorinated Dianhydride with Polymorphism
Authors: Li Fu , Liu Jikang , Liu Xiangfu , Wang Yao , Gao Xiang , Meng Xianggao , Tu Guoli
Published: May 2018

A novel rigid semi-alicyclic dianhydride 9,10-difluoro-9,10-bis(trifluoromethyl)-9,10-dihydroanthracene-2,3,6,7-tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride (8FDA) was reported, and its single crystal X-ray diffraction result revealed the existence of the polymorphic structure in this compound. The detail geometric configuration transition during the synthesized process was investigated, exhibiting a transition of from trans- to cis- when the hydroxyl groups were substituted by fluoride with diethylaminosulfur trifluoride (DAST). Compared with the dianhydride 4,4′-(Hexaflouroisopropylidene) diphthalic anhydride (6FDA) and 1S,2R,4S,5R-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride (HPMDA), the resulting polyimide (PI) films based on 8FDA exhibited an obviously higher glass transition temperature (Tg, 401 °C) and a much lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE, 14 ppm K−1). This indicates that 8FDA is an ideal building block in high-performance soluble PIs with low CTE.
Translation, Cultural Adaptation of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire in Pakistan
Authors: Kashif Aisha , Kanwal Zaira
Published: May 2018

The current study was conducted with the aim of translating, adapting, and exploring the factor structure of Spiritual Needs Questionnaire (SpNQ) in chronically ill patients. To meet this objective, the English-version SpNQ was translated into Urdu for Pakistan following standard methods of translation and adaptation. The Urdu version was then used to collect data from a sample of 150 chronically ill patients. The results showed that spiritual needs were significantly associated with each other. Compared to the previous English-version that proposed a four-factor solution, the exploratory factor analysis revealed a three-factor structure for the Urdu version with good internal consistency coefficients, indicating the new version to be a reliable measure.
Hostile Natives: Violence in the Histories of American and Japanese Nativism
Authors: McNally Mark Thomas
Published: May 2018

This article shows how inaccurate the category of nativism—derived from American historiography—is when applied to the Japanese context prevailing when National Learning (Kokugaku) was flourishing. It argues that violence is not a distinctive feature of Kokugaku and suggests that the association between nativism and Kokugaku in Japanese studies is flawed. This is further complicated by examining instances of physical violence directed at foreigners and Japanese alike, which surged during the final years of the Tokugawa shogunate, when the slogan “revere the emperor and expel the barbarian” (sonnō-jō’i) resulted in extreme violence and assassinations. Victims of such attacks were not limited to Westerners, since Katsu Kaishū was almost killed by Sakamoto Ryōma. While significant portions of the Japanese elite began to advocate opening the country (kaikoku), many among them remained divided in their attitude toward Western learning and its necessity. This leads to the conclusion that Kokugaku was not an example of Tokugawa nativism, let alone the example of Tokugawa nativism, and that it would be better to develop a hybrid category of nativism applicable to that era. Such category results from combining Ralph Linton’s concept of nativism with John Higham’s characterization of nativism as marked by extreme hostility.
Environmental Violence in Minamata: Responsibility, Resistance, and Religiosity in the Case of Ogata Masato and Hongan no Kai
Authors: Miyamoto Yuki
Published: May 2018

The small town of Minamata is infamous for the industrial disease named after the city. This disease resulted from having ingested methyl mercury, a substance released for more than three decades by a factory owned by the Chisso Corporation. Upon entering the human body, mercury affects the nervous system, resulting in paralysis, and often leading to a slow death. Examining how such violence was inflicted on human beings and on the environment involves a complex array of economic, environmental, and sociocultural issues, all revolving around the notions of justice and responsibility. This article analyzes the local residents’ responses to the irreparable damage done to them, focusing in particular on the thoughts and actions put forward by Ogata Masato and a group called Hongan no kai, who chose to carve bodhisattva statues. Investigating the victims’ religiosity, the author argues that the praxis put forward by the Minamata people resonates with the perspective articulated by Italian philosopher Giorgio Agamben. After having witnessed how justice had been exhausted and their case had been lost in the Japanese legal system, the victims showed their resilience in coming up with original responses, which also offer valuable insight into current discussions centered on environmental ethics.
Motion Planning for a Chain of Mobile Robots Using A* and Potential Field
Authors: Apoorva  , Gautam Rahul , Kala Rahul
Published: May 2018

Traditionally, motion planning involved navigating one robot from source to goal for accomplishing a task. Now, tasks mostly require movement of a team of robots to the goal site, requiring a chain of robots to reach the desired goal. While numerous efforts are made in the literature for solving the problems of motion planning of a single robot and collective robot navigation in isolation, this paper fuses the two paradigms to let a chain of robot navigate. Further, this paper uses SLAM to first make a static map using a high-end robot, over which the physical low-sensing robots run. Deliberative Planning uses A* algorithm to plan the path. Reactive planning uses the Potential Field Approach to avoid obstacles and stay as close to the initial path planned as possible. These two algorithms are then merged to provide an algorithm that allows the robot to reach its goal via the shortest path possible while avoiding obstacles. The algorithm is further extended to multiple robots so that one robot is followed by the next robot and so on, thus forming a chain. In order to maintain the robots in a chain form, the Elastic Strip model is used. The algorithm proposed successfully executes the above stated when tested on Amigobot robots in an office environment using a map made by the Pioneer LX robot. The proposed algorithm works well for moving a group of robots in a chain in a mapped environment.
SMAP Soil Moisture Change as an Indicator of Drought Conditions
Authors: Eswar Rajasekaran , Das Narendra , Poulsen Calvin , Behrangi Ali , Swigart John , Svoboda Mark , Entekhabi Dara , Yueh Simon , Doorn Bradley , Entin Jared
Published: May 2018

Soil moisture is considered a key variable in drought analysis. The soil moisture dynamics given by the change in soil moisture between two time periods can provide information on the intensification or improvement of drought conditions. The aim of this work is to analyze how the soil moisture dynamics respond to changes in drought conditions over multiple time intervals. The change in soil moisture estimated from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite observations was compared with the United States Drought Monitor (USDM) and the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) over the contiguous United States (CONUS). The results indicated that the soil moisture change over 13-week and 26-week intervals is able to capture the changes in drought intensity levels in the USDM, and the change over a four-week interval correlated well with the one-month SPI values. This suggested that a short-term negative soil moisture change may indicate a lack of precipitation, whereas a persistent long-term negative soil moisture change may indicate severe drought conditions. The results further indicate that the inclusion of soil moisture change will add more value to the existing drought-monitoring products.
Evaluation of a Bayesian Algorithm to Detect Burned Areas in the Canary Islands’ Dry Woodlands and Forests Ecoregion Using MODIS Data
Authors: Guindos-Rojas Francisco , Arbelo Manuel , García-Lázaro José , Moreno-Ruiz José , Hernández-Leal Pedro
Published: May 2018

Burned Area (BA) is deemed as a primary variable to understand the Earth’s climate system. Satellite remote sensing data have allowed for the development of various burned area detection algorithms that have been globally applied to and assessed in diverse ecosystems, ranging from tropical to boreal. In this paper, we present a Bayesian algorithm (BY-MODIS) that detects burned areas in a time series of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images from 2002 to 2012 of the Canary Islands’ dry woodlands and forests ecoregion (Spain). Based on daily image products MODIS, MOD09GQ (250 m), and MOD11A1 (1 km), the surface spectral reflectance and the land surface temperature, respectively, 10 day composites were built using the maximum temperature criterion. Variables used in BY-MODIS were the Global Environment Monitoring Index (GEMI) and Burn Boreal Forest Index (BBFI), alongside the NIR spectral band, all of which refer to the previous year and the year the fire took place in. Reference polygons for the 14 fires exceeding 100 hectares and identified within the period under analysis were developed using both post-fire LANDSAT images and official information from the forest fires national database by the Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, Food and Environment of Spain (MAPAMA). The results obtained by BY-MODIS can be compared to those by official burned area products, MCD45A1 and MCD64A1. Despite that the best overall results correspond to MCD64A1, BY-MODIS proved to be an alternative for burned area mapping in the Canary Islands, a region with a great topographic complexity and diverse types of ecosystems. The total burned area detected by the BY-MODIS classifier was 64.9% of the MAPAMA reference data, and 78.6% according to data obtained from the LANDSAT images, with the lowest average commission error (11%) out of the three products and a correlation (R2) of 0.82. The Bayesian algorithm—originally developed to detect burned areas in North American boreal forests using AVHRR archival data Long-Term Data Record—can be successfully applied to a lower latitude forest ecosystem totally different from the boreal ecosystem and using daily time series of satellite images from MODIS with a 250 m spatial resolution, as long as a set of training areas adequately characterising the dynamics of the forest canopy affected by the fire is defined.
Vertical Structure Anomalies of Oceanic Eddies and Eddy-Induced Transports in the South China Sea
Authors: Sun Wenjin , Dong Changming , Tan Wei , Liu Yu , He Yijun , Wang Jun
Published: May 2018

Using satellite altimetry sea surface height anomalies (SSHA) and Argo profiles, we investigated eddy’s statistical characteristics, 3-D structures, eddy-induced physical parameter changes, and heat/freshwater transports in the South China Sea (SCS). In total, 31,744 cyclonic eddies (CEs, snapshot) and 29,324 anticyclonic eddies (AEs) were detected in the SCS between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2016. The composite analysis has uncovered that changes in physical parameters modulated by eddies are mainly confined to the upper 400 m. The maximum change of temperature (T), salinity (S) and potential density (σθ) within the composite CE reaches −1.5 °C at about 70 m, 0.1 psu at about 50 m, and 0.5 kg m−3 at about 60 m, respectively. In contrast, the maximum change of T, S and σθ in the composite AE reaches 1.6 °C (about 110 m), −0.1 psu (about 70 m), and −0.5 kg m−3 (about 90 m), respectively. The maximum swirl velocity within the composite CE and AE reaches 0.3 m s−1. The zonal freshwater transport induced by CEs and AEs is (373.6 ± 9.7)×103 m3 s−1 and (384.2 ± 10.8)×103 m3 s−1, respectively, contributing up to (8.5 ± 0.2)% and (8.7 ± 0.2)% of the annual mean transport through the Luzon Strait.
A Model for Remote Depth Estimation of Buried Radioactive Wastes Using CdZnTe Detector
Authors: Ukaegbu Ikechukwu Kevin , Gamage Kelum A. A.
Published: May 2018

This paper presents the results of an attenuation model for remote depth estimation of buried radioactive wastes using a Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CZT) detector. Previous research using an organic liquid scintillator detector system showed that the model is able to estimate the depth of a 329-kBq Cs-137 radioactive source buried up to 12 cm in sand with an average count rate of 100 cps. The results presented in this paper showed that the use of the CZT detector extended the maximum detectable depth of the same radioactive source to 18 cm in sand with a significantly lower average count rate of 14 cps. Furthermore, the model also successfully estimated the depth of a 9-kBq Co-60 source buried up to 3 cm in sand. This confirms that this remote depth estimation method can be used with other radionuclides and wastes with very low activity. Finally, the paper proposes a performance parameter for evaluating radiation detection systems that implement this remote depth estimation method.
Estimating Respiratory Rate in Post-Anesthesia Care Unit Patients Using Infrared Thermography: An Observational Study
Authors: Hochhausen Nadine , Barbosa Pereira Carina , Leonhardt Steffen , Rossaint Rolf , Czaplik Michael
Published: May 2018

The post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) is the central hub for recovery after surgery, especially when the surgery is performed under general anesthesia. Aside from clinical aspects, respiratory impairment is one of the major causes of morbidity and affected recovery in the PACU and should therefore be monitored. In previous studies, infrared thermography was applied to assess the breathing rate (BR) of healthy volunteers. Here, the transferability of published methods for postoperative patients in the PACU was examined. Video recordings of 28 patients were acquired using a long-wave infrared camera, and analyzed offline. For validation purposes, BRs derived from body surface electrocardiography were measured simultaneously. In general, a close agreement between the two techniques (r = 0.607, p = 0.002 upon arrival, and r = 0.849, p < 0.001 upon discharge from the PACU) was obtained. In conclusion, the algorithm was demonstrated to be feasible and reliable under these challenging conditions.
A Tube-Integrated Painted Biosensor for Glucose and Lactate
Authors: Shi Weihua , Luo Xiaojin , Cui Yue
Published: May 2018

Developing a simple and direct approach for sensitive, specific, and rapid detection of metabolic compounds is of great importance for a variety of biological, medical, and food applications. Tubes are a highly portable and accessible container shape which are widely used for scientific research in cell biology and chemical synthesis, and which are also of great use in domestic health care applications. Here, we show for the first time the development of a tube-based painted amperometric biosensor for the detection of glucose and lactate. The sensor was prepared by printing carbon graphite and silver/silver chloride inks on the interior wall of the tube and then immobilizing glucose oxidase or lactate oxidase on the sensor. The sensor showed a sensitive, rapid, and reliable detection of glucose and lactate. We anticipate that these results could open new avenues for the development of painted biosensors, and toward advanced biosensor applications.
Grating-Coupled Surface Plasmon Resonance (GC-SPR) Optimization for Phase-Interrogation Biosensing in a Microfluidic Chamber
Authors: Rossi Stefano , Gazzola Enrico , Capaldo Pietro , Borile Giulia , Romanato Filippo
Published: May 2018

Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR)-based sensors have the advantage of being label-free, enzyme-free and real-time. However, their spreading in multidisciplinary research is still mostly limited to prism-coupled devices. Plasmonic gratings, combined with a simple and cost-effective instrumentation, have been poorly developed compared to prism-coupled system mainly due to their lower sensitivity. Here we describe the optimization and signal enhancement of a sensing platform based on phase-interrogation method, which entails the exploitation of a nanostructured sensor. This technique is particularly suitable for integration of the plasmonic sensor in a lab-on-a-chip platform and can be used in a microfluidic chamber to ease the sensing procedures and limit the injected volume. The careful optimization of most suitable experimental parameters by numerical simulations leads to a 30–50% enhancement of SPR response, opening new possibilities for applications in the biomedical research field while maintaining the ease and versatility of the configuration.
A Multimodal Deep Log-Based User Experience (UX) Platform for UX Evaluation
Authors: Hussain Jamil , Khan Wajahat Ali , Hur Taeho , Bilal Hafiz Syed Muhammad , Bang Jaehun , Hassan Anees Ul , Afzal Muhammad , Lee Sungyoung
Published: May 2018

The user experience (UX) is an emerging field in user research and design, and the development of UX evaluation methods presents a challenge for both researchers and practitioners. Different UX evaluation methods have been developed to extract accurate UX data. Among UX evaluation methods, the mixed-method approach of triangulation has gained importance. It provides more accurate and precise information about the user while interacting with the product. However, this approach requires skilled UX researchers and developers to integrate multiple devices, synchronize them, analyze the data, and ultimately produce an informed decision. In this paper, a method and system for measuring the overall UX over time using a triangulation method are proposed. The proposed platform incorporates observational and physiological measurements in addition to traditional ones. The platform reduces the subjective bias and validates the user’s perceptions, which are measured by different sensors through objectification of the subjective nature of the user in the UX assessment. The platform additionally offers plug-and-play support for different devices and powerful analytics for obtaining insight on the UX in terms of multiple participants.
Etracker: A Mobile Gaze-Tracking System with Near-Eye Display Based on a Combined Gaze-Tracking Algorithm
Authors: Li Bin , Fu Hong , Wen Desheng , LO WaiLun
Published: May 2018

Eye tracking technology has become increasingly important for psychological analysis, medical diagnosis, driver assistance systems, and many other applications. Various gaze-tracking models have been established by previous researchers. However, there is currently no near-eye display system with accurate gaze-tracking performance and a convenient user experience. In this paper, we constructed a complete prototype of the mobile gaze-tracking system ‘Etracker’ with a near-eye viewing device for human gaze tracking. We proposed a combined gaze-tracking algorithm. In this algorithm, the convolutional neural network is used to remove blinking images and predict coarse gaze position, and then a geometric model is defined for accurate human gaze tracking. Moreover, we proposed using the mean value of gazes to resolve pupil center changes caused by nystagmus in calibration algorithms, so that an individual user only needs to calibrate it the first time, which makes our system more convenient. The experiments on gaze data from 26 participants show that the eye center detection accuracy is 98% and Etracker can provide an average gaze accuracy of 0.53° at a rate of 30–60 Hz.
An Electromagnetic/Capacitive Composite Sensor for Testing of Thermal Barrier Coatings
Authors: Ren Yuan , Pan Mengchun , Chen Dixiang , Tian Wugang
Published: May 2018

Thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) can significantly reduce the operating temperature of the aeroengine turbine blade substrate, and their testing technology is very urgently demanded. Due to their complex multi-layer structure, it is hard to evaluate TBCs with a single function sensor. In this paper, an electromagnetic/capacitive composite sensor is proposed for the testing of thermal barrier coatings. The dielectric material is tested with planar capacitor, and the metallic material is tested with electromagnetic coils. Then, the comprehensive test and evaluation of thermal barrier coating system can be realized. The sensor is optimized by means of theoretical and simulation analysis, and the interaction between the planar capacitor and the electromagnetic coil is studied. The experimental system is built based on an impedance analyser and multiplex unit to evaluate the performance of the composite sensor. The transimpedances and capacitances are measured under different coating parameters, such as thickness and permittivity of top coating as well as bond layer conductivity. The experimental results agree with the simulation analysis, and the feasibility of the sensor is proved.
Hysteresis Compensation in a Tactile Device for Arterial Pulse Reproduction
Authors: Carneiro Fernando , Abreu Paulo , Restivo Maria Teresa
Published: May 2018

This paper describes a system for training healthcare practitioners in the identification of different arterial pulses. The driving system uses a linear solenoid in an open loop force control. Due to the large hysteresis it exhibited, a form of compensation was implemented, based on the classic Preisach model of hysteresis. Implementation of said model resulted in a significant reduction of force tracking error, demonstrating the feasibility of the chosen approach for the intended application.
Agreement Technologies for Energy Optimization at Home
Authors: González-Briones Alfonso , Chamoso Pablo , De La Prieta Fernando , Demazeau Yves , Corchado Juan M.
Published: May 2018

Nowadays, it is becoming increasingly common to deploy sensors in public buildings or homes with the aim of obtaining data from the environment and taking decisions that help to save energy. Many of the current state-of-the-art systems make decisions considering solely the environmental factors that cause the consumption of energy. These systems are successful at optimizing energy consumption; however, they do not adapt to the preferences of users and their comfort. Any system that is to be used by end-users should consider factors that affect their wellbeing. Thus, this article proposes an energy-saving system, which apart from considering the environmental conditions also adapts to the preferences of inhabitants. The architecture is based on a Multi-Agent System (MAS), its agents use Agreement Technologies (AT) to perform a negotiation process between the comfort preferences of the users and the degree of optimization that the system can achieve according to these preferences. A case study was conducted in an office building, showing that the proposed system achieved average energy savings of 17.15%.
3D Target Localization of Modified 3D MUSIC for a Triple-Channel K-Band Radar
Authors: Li Ying-Chun , Choi Byunggil , Chong Jong-Wha , Oh Daegun
Published: May 2018

In this paper, a modified 3D multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed for joint estimation of range, azimuth, and elevation angles of K-band radar with a small 2 × 2 horn antenna array. Three channels of the 2 × 2 horn antenna array are utilized as receiving channels, and the other one is a transmitting antenna. The proposed modified 3D MUSIC is designed to make use of a stacked autocorrelation matrix, whose element matrices are related to each other in the spatial domain. An augmented 2D steering vector based on the stacked autocorrelation matrix is proposed for the modified 3D MUSIC, instead of the conventional 3D steering vector. The effectiveness of the proposed modified 3D MUSIC is verified through implementation with a K-band frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar with the 2 × 2 horn antenna array through a variety of experiments in a chamber.
Controller–Pilot Data Link Communication Security
Authors: Gurtov Andrei , Polishchuk Tatiana , Wernberg Max
Published: May 2018

The increased utilization of the new types of cockpit communications, including controller–pilot data link communications (CPDLC), puts the airplane at higher risk of hacking or interference than ever before. We review the technological characteristics and properties of the CPDLC and construct the corresponding threat model. Based on the limitations imposed by the system parameters, we propose several solutions for the improved security of the data messaging communication used in air traffic management (ATM). We discuss the applicability of elliptical curve cryptography (ECC), protected aircraft communications addressing and reporting systems (PACARs) and the Host Identity Protocol (HIP) as possible countermeasures to the identified security threats. In addition, we consider identity-defined networking (IDN) as an example of a genuine security solution which implies global changes in the whole air traffic communication system.
Developing a Highway Rail Grade Crossing Accident Probability Prediction Model: A North Dakota Case Study
Authors: Khan Ihsan Ullah , Lee EunSu , Khan Muhammad Asif
Published: May 2018

Safety at highway rail grade crossings (HRCs) continues to be a serious concern despite improved safety practices. Accident frequencies remain high despite increasing emphasis on HRCs safety. Consequently, there is a need to re-examine both the design practices and the safety evaluation methods at HRCs. Previous studies developed accident prediction models by incorporating highway, crossing inventory, rail, and vehicle traffic characteristics, but none of these factors considered population in the vicinity of HRCs. This study developed a binary logit regression model to predict accident likelihood at HRCs by incorporating various contributory factors in addition to population (based on census blocks 2010) within five miles of crossings. Previous North Dakota accident data from 2000 to 2016 was analyzed and used in the model development. The model results show that the number of daily trains, the maximum typical train speed, the number of through railroad tracks, and the number of highway/traffic lanes all affect accident likelihood. The presence of pavement markings in the form of stop lines helps reduce accident probability, while populations within five miles of HRCs have a positive relationship with crash likelihood. This study will help transportation agencies improve HRC safety.
Levels of Technical, Allocative, and Groundwater Use Efficiency and the Factors Affecting the Allocative Efficiency of Wheat Farmers in Pakistan
Authors: Asghar Sobia , Sasaki Nophea , Jourdain Damien , Tsusaka Takuji W.
Published: May 2018

In Pakistan, excessive lowering of the groundwater table has made crop irrigation costlier and without improving production efficiency, Pakistan’s rural economy will be adversely affected. This study estimated the technical, allocative, and groundwater use efficiency of wheat producers, identified the factors affecting their allocative efficiency, and suggested policy implications from these results. The data were collected from 84 tubewell owners, 65 tubewell shareholders, and 75 water buyers. The technical, allocative, and groundwater use efficiency were estimated by the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method, and the important factors affecting the allocative efficiency were identified by two-limit tobit regression analysis. The results highlighted that the tubewell owners, tubewell shareholders, and water buyers had above 90% technical and groundwater use efficiency. However, allocative efficiency was substantially lower for all groups, indicating that wheat production costs could be significantly reduced by the optimal allocation of inputs. The allocative efficiency of wheat farmers decreased significantly with the increasing capacity of the tubewells, with the sharing of tubewells, and with the use of tractor-operated tubewells. The results imply that wheat farmers should be provided with technical and decision-making support to select an appropriate tubewell system that minimises their cost of production and improves their allocative efficiency. Furthermore, the resource allocation system of tubewell shareholders should be further studied to improve the allocative efficiency of wheat farmers.
Contrasting Regional Habitats for Urban Sustainability Experimentation in Europe
Authors: Van den Heiligenberg Harm , Heimeriks Gaston , Hekkert Marko , Raven Rob , Sol Jifke
Published: May 2018

The sustainability challenge requires experimentation with innovations, followed by an upscaling process towards a broader regime change in the long term. In Europe we observe various regional hotspots for sustainability experimentation which suggests that there are favorable spatial contexts. Little is known about why different kinds of experiments flourish or fail in various spatial contexts. In this paper we explore these contexts by using the habitat concept. A habitat is regarded as the configuration of favorable local and regional context factors for experimentation. To capture the diversity of these habitats we have constructed archetypical experimentation patterns. These patterns are built up of five dimensions: knowledge, governance, informal institutions, regional innovation advantages, and social learning. In a comparative case study in four city regions in Europe we find a large contrast in habitats. Countercultures play an important role, as they shape a beneficial context for experimentation through alternative ideas and lifestyles. We also find indications that it is important that a combination of several habitat factors is present, and that these factors have aligned and evolved over several years of experimentation, thus leading to a more mature habitat. The research suggests that regional stakeholders can positively influence most of the habitat factors shaping future upscaling. However, there are also some important factors, such as regional knowledge and skills, which have a path-dependent nature and are more difficult to improve in the short term.
Linking Multifunctionality and Sustainability for Valuing Peri-Urban Farming: A Case Study in the Turin Metropolitan Area (Italy)
Authors: Gullino Paola , Battisti Luca , Larcher Federica
Published: May 2018

Agriculture plays a key role in managing the peri-urban landscapes in Europe, influencing their social, aesthetic and environmental functions. Considering the increase in urban population and land consumption in the last decades, sustainability in peri-urban areas is a priority. Farming multifunctionality is the integration of different functions and activities that produce beneficial effects on local economy, environment and society. Three research questions were explored: How is multifunctionality applied in peri-urban agroecosystems? How do we ensure sustainability in peri-urban agroecosystem? How could a bottom-up approach promote sustainable actions, strategies and policies? The Chieri Municipality (Turin Metropolitan Area, Italy) was chosen as representative case study. A trans-scalar approach from the farm to the municipality levels was adopted. The analysis of statistical data and farmers’ interviews were performed. Multifunctionality for three main farm categories (crops and grasslands; vineyards and orchards; and horticulture) was explored using the following parameters: website presence, online selling, agritourism, didactic farms, nonagricultural activities, maintenance parks and gardens, renewable energy, and transformation. According to the different farm types, multifunctionality assumes different aspects covering specific sets of sustainability needs. We consider important to move from the farm level multifunctionality to the landscape level multifunctionality in order to provide all services at a territorial scale. As a result, the following perspectives and strategies were proposed: increasing rural farm networks and cooperation, promoting initiates for valorizing the local food products, including farms in touristic and cultural networks, and involving farmers in social and didactic programs. In conclusion, this methodology could be applied for decision makers and planners for implementing a participatory approach in environmental-social and economic programs for peri-urban areas.
A Hybrid Fuzzy BWM-COPRAS Method for Analyzing Key Factors of Sustainable Architecture
Authors: Amoozad Mahdiraji Hannan , Arzaghi Sepas , Stauskis Gintaras , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras
Published: May 2018

Sustainable development by emphasizing on satisfying the current needs of the general public without threating their futures, alongside with taking the environment and future generations under consideration, has become one of the prominent issues in different societies. Therefore, identifying and prioritizing the key factors of sustainable architecture according to regional and cultural features could be the first step in sustaining the architecture as a process and an outcome. In this paper, the key indicators of the environmental sustainability in contemporary architecture of Iran has been identified and prioritized. This study has been performed in three phases. First, identifying key factors of environmental sustainability according to the experts’ point of view and transforming the collected data to triangular fuzzy numbers. Subsequently, the best-worst multi-criteria decision-making method (henceforth BWM) under grey system circumstances has determined the weights and priority of the identified criteria. Eventually, identified key factors were prioritized by the complex proportional assessment method (hereafter COPRAS) under the condition of fuzzy sets. The results indicate that the key factors of creating engagement between buildings and other urban systems has the highest priority in the built environment sustainability in contemporary architecture and proving building management systems has the lowest.
What is Different about Volunteers? A Study on Factors of Buying Decisions of Products with Recycled Content
Authors: Stoian (Bobâlcă) Claudia , Țugulea Oana , Maha Liviu-George , Ciobanu Claudia-Ioana
Published: May 2018

Volunteering is a way to express civic behavior, including pro-environmental behavior such as buying products with recycled content. The purpose of this research is to understand the differences between individuals involved in volunteering activities and individuals who have never been involved in volunteering activities. In order to do this, dimensions are analyzed by categories of public: the general public, individuals involved in volunteering activities (volunteers), and individuals who have never been involved in volunteering activities (non-volunteers). Qualitative methods, based on in-depth interviews; and quantitative methods, based on Anova, Independent Samples T tests, factor analyses, and regression analyses have been combined. The sample included 469 respondents. The general dimensions of buying decisions are: product features, social values, promotions, low risk, uniqueness, and affordable price. The volunteers’ dimensions of buying decisions are product features, social values, uniqueness, benefits, and promotions. The non-volunteers’ dimensions of buying decisions are product features, uniqueness, credibility support, promotions, and low risk. In the conclusions section, implications are presented using specific communication for each of the three public categories, based on important resulting dimensions for each public.