bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enhancing and promoting data management and systematic monitoring for an improved HIV/AIDS programs in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Authors: Habte Dereje , Zemenfeskudus Samuel , Endale Mulugeta , Zeidan Mohammed , Getachew Daniel , Woldemichael Dejene , Wesene Aklilu S. , Teklebirhan Esayas , Eyayu Fitsum , Zewdie Raey , Yirga Daniel , Amdino Worknesh , Melaku Zenebe , Abayneh Sisay A.
Published: January 2022

Background

Ethiopia Population-based HIV Impact Assessment findings showed that in Addis Ababa, only 65.2% of people living with HIV (PLHIV) know their status. We present the enhanced HIV/AIDS data management and systematic monitoring experience in Addis Ababa City Administration Health Bureau (AACAHB).

Methods

AACAHB established a command-post with leadership and technical team members from the health bureau, 10 sub-city health offices, and non-governmental stakeholders. The command-post improved governance, standardized HIV program implementation, and established accountability mechanism. A web-based database was established at each health facility, sub-city, and AACAHB level. Performance was scored (green, ≥75%; yellow, 50–74%; red, < 50%). The command-post reviewed performance on weekly basis. A mentorship team provided a weekly site-level support at underperforming public and private health facilities. At facility level, quality of data on recording tools such as registers, and individual medical records were maintained through continued review, feedback mechanisms and regular consistency check of data. Percentage and 95% confidence interval were computed to compare the improvement in program performance over time.

Results

After 6 months of intervention period, the monthly New HIV case finding in 47 health facilities increased from 422 to 734 (1.7 times) and treatment initiation increased from 302 to 616 (2 times). After 6 months, the aggregate scoring for HIV testing at city level improved from yellow to green, HIV case finding improved from red to green, and treatment initiation improved from red to yellow. An increasing trend was noted in HIV positive case finding with statistically significant improvement from 43.4% [95% Confidence Interval: 40.23–46.59%] in May 2019 to 74.9% [95% Confidence Interval: 72.03–77.6%] in September 2019. Similarly, significant improvement was recorded for new HIV treatment from 30.9% [95% Confidence Interval: 28.01–33.94%] in May 2019 to 62.5% [95% Confidence Interval: 59.38–65.6%] in September 2019.

Conclusions

Regular data driven HIV program review was institutionalized at city, sub-city and health facility levels which further improved HIV program monitoring and performance. The performance of HIV case finding and treatment initiation improved significantly via using intensified monitoring, data driven performance review, targeted site-level support based on the gap, and standardized approaches.
The role of inflammasomes in vascular cognitive impairment
Authors: Poh Luting , Sim Wei Liang , Jo Dong-Gyu , Dinh Quynh Nhu , Drummond Grant R. , Sobey Christopher G. , Chen Christopher Li-Hsian , Lai Mitchell K. P. , Fann David Y. , Arumugam Thiruma V.
Published: January 2022

There is an increasing prevalence of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI) worldwide, and several studies have suggested that Chronic Cerebral Hypoperfusion (CCH) plays a critical role in disease onset and progression. However, there is a limited understanding of the underlying pathophysiology of VCI, especially in relation to CCH. Neuroinflammation is a significant contributor in the progression of VCI as increased systemic levels of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) has been extensively reported in VCI patients. Recently it has been established that CCH can activate the inflammasome signaling pathways, involving NLRP3 and AIM2 inflammasomes that critically regulate IL-1β production. Given that neuroinflammation is an early event in VCI, it is important that we understand its molecular and cellular mechanisms to enable development of disease-modifying treatments to reduce the structural brain damage and cognitive deficits that are observed clinically in the elderly. Hence, this review aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of CCH-induced inflammasome signaling in VCI.
Changes in pallidal neural activity following long-term symptom improvement from botulinum toxin treatment in DYT6 dystonia: a case report
Authors: Giorni Andrea , Coyne Terry , Silburn Peter A. , Mellick George D. , Sah Pankaj , Windels François
Published: January 2022

Background

The globus pallidus internus is the main target for the treatment of dystonia by deep brain stimulation. Unfortunately, for some genetic etiologies, the therapeutic outcome of dystonia is less predictable. In particular, therapeutic outcomes for deep brain stimulation in craniocervical and orolaryngeal dystonia in DYT6-positive patients are poor. Little is known about the neurophysiology of the globus pallidus internus in DYT6-positive dystonia, and how symptomatic treatment affects the neural activity of this region.

Case presentation

We present here the case of a 55-year-old Caucasian female DYT6-dystonic patient with blepharospasm, spasmodic dysphonia, and oromandibular dystonia where single-unit and local field potential activity was recorded from the globus pallidus internus during two deep brain stimulation revision surgeries 4 years apart with no symptomatic improvement. Botulinum toxin injections consistently improved dysphonia, while some of the other symptoms were only inconsistently or marginally improved. Neural activity in the globus pallidus internus during both revision surgeries were compared with previously published results from an idiopathic dystonic cohort. Single-cell firing characteristics and local field potential from the first revision surgery showed no differences with our control group. However, during the second revision surgery, the mean firing rate of single units and local field potential power in the gamma range were lower than those present during the first revision surgery or the control group.

Conclusions

Symptoms related to facial movements were greatly improved by botulinum toxin treatment between revision surgeries, which coincided with lower discharge rate and changes in gamma local field oscillations.
Recurring outbreaks by the same Escherichia coli ST10 clone in a broiler unit during 18 months
Authors: Bojesen Anders Miki , Ahmed Umran , Skaarup Hanne , Espinosa-Gongora Carmen
Published: January 2022

The current investigation aimed at characterizing the cause of multiple disease outbreaks in the same broiler production unit during a course of 18 months. The outbreaks had mortality rates of up to 22%. Escherichia coli was diagnosed as the responsible agent. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis showed that all chicken isolates had identical band patterns. Core genome comparisons demonstrated that the 36 chicken isolates differed with maximum of nine nucleotides indicating that the same E. coli clone was responsible for all seven disease outbreaks despite adherence to the all-in-all production principle and rigorous cleaning and disinfection procedures.
The impact of COVID-19 on consumers' eating and purchasing habits of agricultural products in China: key determinants and policy implications
Authors: Udimal Thomas Bilaliib , Peng Zhiyuan , Luo Mingcan , Liu Yan
Published: January 2022

Background

The study looks at a changed in consumer’s eating and purchasing habits during COVID-19 period. There are several modes of transmission but transmission through food as being speculated is one area that has not been confirmed through research. The study, therefore, looks at how speculations about COVID-19 spreading through food has affected consumers' eating and purchasing habits. This study through probit model analysed how consumers' eating and purchasing habits have been influenced.

Results

The result shows that age, gender and education have negatively influenced consumer’s eating and purchasing habits during the COVID-19 pandemic compared to pre-pandemic period. The preference for imported food items, preference for frozen food, been infected or knowing someone who has been infected by the virus, and been infected through agricultural source or knowing someone who has been infected by the COVID-19 through agricultural source have negatively affected consumers' eating and purchasing habits compared to pre-pandemic period. The result, however, suggests that consumers who trust in the cold-chain food systems ability to limit the spread of the COVID-19 still maintain a positive eating and purchasing habits.

Conclusions

The study provides evidence on the impact of COVID-19 on consumer’s eating and purchasing habits. Therefore, there is the need to institute proper sanitary measures, especially at cold-chain food systems to help curb the spread and also boost consumers’ confidence.
Gut microbiota and age shape susceptibility to clostridial enteritis in lorikeets under human care
Authors: Minich David , Madden Christopher , Navarro Mauricio A. , Glowacki Leo , French-Kim Kristen , Chan Willow , Evans Morgan V. , Soares Kilmer , Mrofchak Ryan , Madan Rushil , Ballash Gregory A. , LaPerle Krista , Paul Subhadeep , Vodovotz Yael , Uzal Francisco A. , Martinez Margaret , Hausmann Jennifer , Junge Randall E. , Hale Vanessa L.
Published: January 2022

Background

Enteritis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in lorikeets that can be challenging to diagnose and treat. In this study, we examine gut microbiota in two lorikeet flocks with enteritis (Columbus Zoo and Aquarium—CZA; Denver Zoo—DZ). Since 2012, the CZA flock has experienced repeated outbreaks of enteritis despite extensive diet, husbandry, and clinical modifications. In 2018, both CZA and DZ observed a spike in enteritis. Recent research has revealed that the gut microbiota can influence susceptibility to enteropathogens. We hypothesized that a dysbiosis, or alteration in the gut microbial community, was making some lorikeets more susceptible to enteritis, and our goal was to characterize this dysbiosis and determine the features that predicted susceptibility.

Results

We employed 16S rRNA sequencing to characterize the cloacal microbiota in lorikeets (CZA n = 67, DZ n = 24) over time. We compared the microbiota of healthy lorikeets, to lorikeets with enteritis, and lorikeets susceptible to enteritis, with “susceptible” being defined as healthy birds that subsequently developed enteritis. Based on sequencing data, culture, and toxin gene detection in intestinal contents, we identified Clostridium perfringenstype A (CZA and DZ) andC. colinum (CZA only) at increased relative abundances in birds with enteritis. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry further identified the presence of gram-positive bacilli andC. perfringens,respectively, in the necrotizing intestinal lesions. Finally, using Random Forests and LASSO models, we identified several features (young age and the presence ofRhodococcus fasciansandPseudomonas umsongensis) associated with susceptibility to clostridial enteritis.

Conclusions

We identifiedC. perfringenstype A andC. colinumassociated with lorikeet necrohemorrhagic enteritis at CZA and DZ. Susceptibility testing of isolates lead to an updated clinical treatment plan which ultimately resolved the outbreaks at both institutions. This work provides a foundation for understanding gut microbiota features that are permissive to clostridial colonization and host factors (e.g. age, prior infection) that shape responses to infection.
Sex-specific Effect of Maternal Thyroid Hormone Trajectories on Preschoolers’ Behavioral Development: A Birth Cohort Study
Authors: Li Peixuan , Teng Yuzhu , Ru Xue , Liu Zijian , Han Yan , Tao Fangbiao , Huang Kun
Published: January 2022

Context

Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories are a better predictor of offspring’s neurodevelopment than hormone levels in single trimester of pregnancy. Programming effect of uterine hormonal environment on offspring’s health is usually sex-specific.

Objective

To examine the sex-specific effect of thyroid hormone trajectories on preschoolers’ behavioral development.

Design

Based on Ma’ anshan Birth Cohort in China, pregnant women were recruited at their first antenatal checkup from May 2013 to September 2014.

Setting

Ma’ anshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital in China.

Patients or Other Participants

1860 mother-child pairs were included in the analysis. Children were followed up at age of 4.

Main Outcome Measures

Maternal thyroid hormones [thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free thyroxine (FT4)] and thyroid peroxidase antibody in the first, second, and third trimesters of pregnancy were retrospectively assayed. Preschoolers’ behavioral development was assessed by Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist/1.5~5.

Results

Maternal TSH and FT4 levels were respectively fitted into high, moderate, and low trajectories. In boys, maternal high TSH trajectory was related to withdrawn [odds ratio (OR) = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.16, 3.50) and externalizing problems (OR = 2.69, 95% CI: 1.22, 5.92), and moderate TSH trajectory was associated with aggressive behavior (OR = 3.76, 95% CI: 1.16, 12.23). Maternal high FT4 trajectory was associated with anxious/depressed (OR = 2.22, 95% CI: 1.08, 4.56) and total problems (OR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.13, 2.66), and low FT4 trajectory was associated with aggressive behavior (OR = 4.17, 95% CI: 1.22, 14.24).

Conclusions

Maternal thyroid hormone trajectories impact preschool boys’ behavioral development.
Pathophysiology and Clinical Features of Neuropsychiatric Manifestations of Thyroid Disease
Authors: Jurado-Flores Marilu , Warda Firas , Mooradian Arshag
Published: January 2022

Thyroid hormones (TH) have a cardinal role in the development of the central nervous system during embryogenesis and early infancy. However, the TH-responsive genes in the developing brain cease to respond to TH in adulthood. Nevertheless, thyroid dysfunction in adults is commonly associated with a host of cognitive and psychiatric problems. Cognitive decline, dysphoria, and depression are common manifestations of overt hypothyroidism while hyperthyroidism can cause agitation, acute psychosis, and apathy, especially in older people. Whereas levothyroxine treatment can reverse dementia in the setting of hypothyroidism, the effect of levothyroxine on depressive symptoms in subjects with subclinical hypothyroidism is controversial. The use of supraphysiologic doses of TH to treat depression refractory to antidepressant remains a viable therapeutic tool with the caveat that excessive doses of thyroid hormone to treat depression may have potentially damaging effects on other organ systems. The present communication describes the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric manifestations of thyroid disease, including changes in neurotransmission, alterations in neuronal or glial cell gene expression, blood-brain barrier dysfunction, increased risk of cerebrovascular disease, and occasionally cerebral inflammatory disease in the context of autoimmune thyroid disease. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms of TH effect on cerebral tissue will help identify novel therapeutic targets for managing people with neuropsychiatric disorders.
Circulating Tumor Cell Transcriptomics as Biopsy Surrogates in Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Ring Alexander , Campo Daniel , Porras Tania B. , Kaur Pushpinder , Forte Victoria A. , Tripathy Debu , Lu Janice , Kang Irene , Press Michael F. , Jeong Young Ju , Snow Anson , Zhu Yue , Zada Gabriel , Wagle Naveed , Lang Julie E.
Published: January 2022

Background

Metastatic breast cancer (MBC) and the circulating tumor cells (CTCs) leading to macrometastases are inherently different than primary breast cancer. We evaluated whether whole transcriptome RNA-Seq of CTCs isolated via an epitope-independent approach may serve as a surrogate for biopsies of macrometastases.

Methods

We performed RNA-Seq on fresh metastatic tumor biopsies, CTCs, and peripheral blood (PB) from 19 newly diagnosed MBC patients. CTCs were harvested using the ANGLE Parsortix microfluidics system to isolate cells based on size and deformability, independent of a priori knowledge of cell surface marker expression.

Results

Gene expression separated CTCs, metastatic biopsies, and PB into distinct groups despite heterogeneity between patients and sample types. CTCs showed higher expression of immune oncology targets compared with corresponding metastases and PB. Predictive biomarker (n = 64) expression was highly concordant for CTCs and metastases. Repeat observation data post-treatment demonstrated changes in the activation of different biological pathways. Somatic single nucleotide variant analysis showed increasing mutational complexity over time.

Conclusion

We demonstrate that RNA-Seq of CTCs could serve as a surrogate biomarker for breast cancer macrometastasis and yield clinically relevant insights into disease biology and clinically actionable targets.
An organisational approach to meta-governance: structuring reforms through organisational (re-)engineering
Authors: Trondal Jarle
Published: January 2022

This article outlines an organisation theory approach to meta-governance by illustrating how public organisations may organise policy change and reform by (re-)designing organisational choice-architectures. First, it outlines an organisational approach to meta-governance and, second, it offers an illustrative case of meta-governance by examining how public innovation processes are shaped by organisational designs. Two arguments are proposed: (i) first, that public meta-governance is an accessible tool for facilitating policy change, and (ii) second, that meta-governance may be systematically biased by organisational structuring. Examining conditions for meta-governance is important since governments experience frequent criticism of existing inefficient organisational arrangements and calls for major reforms of the state. The contribution of this article is to suggest how an organisational approach to meta-governance might both explain meta-governance and make it practically relevant for solving societal challenges in the future.
British counterterrorism, the international prohibition of torture, and the multiple streams framework
Authors: Heaphy Janina
Published: January 2022

After years of violating the basic principles of human rights in the name of counterterrorism, western democracies have begun to implement extraterritorial safeguards that extend protections under the Convention against Torture to foreigners abroad. The case of the UK and the development of the ‘Principles’ in 2019, however, presents a particular puzzle to policymaking research, as it challenges traditional hypotheses regarding the opening of problem windows within the multiple streams framework. Accordingly, the UK presents an interesting case in which a powerful state willingly engaged in self-restraint, despite little electoral pressure to do so and a persistently high terrorist threat. Drawing on theory-building process-tracing, this article addresses this gap using data from semi-structured interviews with British policy experts to present a refined hypothesis, which can also be applied to policy fields of little public interest and processes of foreign policymaking.
Factors influencing consumer's intention towards e-grocery shopping: An extended technology acceptance model approach
Authors: Ryadi Winda Trisna , Kurniasari Florentina , Sudiyono Kristianus Ade
Published: January 2022

The e-grocery industry in Indonesia is multiplying and is expected to become one of the most important markets in the world. Massive amount of funding for e-grocery start-ups, the high desire of Indonesian consumers to buy grocery products online, and COVID19 are increasing the growth of e-grocery services in Indonesia. Although the desire to use e-grocery services in Indonesia is high, data shows that e-grocery adoption is still far below other e-commerce product categories such as fashion and electronics. Previous research and surveys also show that consumers will return to shopping for wholesale products offline and stop/reduce the use of e-grocery after the COVID19 pandemic. Therefore, this research is interested in examining the factors that can increase the adoption of e-grocery in Indonesia. Quantitative research was conducted using the purposive sampling method and obtained 135 respondents who have ever used e-grocery service/shopping in the JABODETABEK area. Data were analyzed using PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square – Structural Equation Model). The results of this study indicate that perceived risk has a negative effect on Trust. Social Influence, Perceived Usefulness, and Perceived Ease of Use have a positive effect on Trust. Social Influence and Perceived Ease of Use have a positive effect on Perceived Usefulness. However, it turns out that Trust in this study was not proven to affect the intention to use e-grocery services/shopping for grocery products online.
The influence of human character strengths on life satisfaction
Authors: Leelakulthanit Orose
Published: January 2022

As is well known, the characteristics of being human are important to all of us because they signify our basic identity as individuals. It can be asked, however, which of those characteristics are related to our well-being as that is assessed by our life satisfaction. It is the intention of this study to explore the connections among human character strengths and life satisfaction. The human character strengths studied here include curiosity, love of learning, wisdom, having a “big picture perspective,” self-awareness, honesty, kindness, social intelligence, intangible values, gift giving, social responsibility, and hope and humor. A total of 498 responses were collected from adult shoppers in Bangkok, Thailand. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicated that among the various human character strengths, as well the demographic characteristics, wisdom, self-awareness, household income, hope, education, social responsibility, and intangible values have positive impacts on life satisfaction The only negative element that was seen to have a negative influence on life satisfaction was curiosity. Further analyses of the significant determinants of life satisfaction for those with varying household incomes and levels of education were carried out and are discussed in this article.
Women empowerment in a traditional masculine industry: Tourism in context
Authors: Singhania Oshi , Swain Sampada , George Babu
Published: January 2022

Tourism is considered as an essential source of generating employment, reducing poverty, and empowering women. Most of the tourism initiatives targeting poverty reduction primarily focus on providing income opportunities for women that only enhance their economic empowerment. Nevertheless, this does not usually lead to make overall development. This is attributed to the normative gender roles, cultural complexities, and power inequities that exist in societies. Additionally, most of the earlier research studies on tourism, poverty reduction, and women empowerment are also based on economic factors. Contrarily, limited studies are focused on non-economic factors. These non-economic factors are social, political, and psychological components that are essentially important for women's overall empowerment. Thus, these factors need to be studied comprehensively as they may hinder women’s participation in tourism activities. Having taken this background as the underlying problem of study, this paper is an attempt to highlight the social and political barriers impeding women empowerment and investigate about tourism development in the socio-political contexts affecting women, especially in rural areas, using case studies pertaining to different tourism destinations.
Economic outlook of food crops in Pakistan: An empirical study
Authors: Shar Rashid Usman , Jiskani Absar Mithal , Qi Yin
Published: January 2022

Agriculture is the backbone of Pakistan's economy, highly depends on food crops. There is a huge gap between the products purchased and the actual products, which suffer from inadequate technology, inadequate resource use, inappropriate use of water and land, and inappropriate pests management studies, it's not just negatively affects production but also reduces production. Most farmers use synthetic chemicals to control pests, but they are often used in vain. In order to illustrate the main gaps and actual results of the main upland crops. The study examines the link between food security and GDP growth in Pakistan, including wheat, rice, sugarcane and maize, and water availability in Pakistan from 1999 to 2018. Periodic data are collected from the Pakistan Economic Survey (various sources). Use conventional miniature methods and refine Dickey-Fuller (ADF) testing to analyze crop data, and use Johansen aggregation testing to interpret results. Our research found that wheat, rice, sugarcane, and maize yields were positively correlated with Pakistan's agricultural GDP, while water supply was negatively correlated with Pakistan's agricultural GDP without significant correlation. Water resources related to climate change and the context of climate change will have a devastating effect on Pakistan's water resources. Therefore, the study suggests that the Pakistani government should provide major agricultural inputs on subsidies formulate policies, and launch new funding programs to develop and improve water availability.
Modeling a cost benefit transportation model to optimize the redistribution process: Evidence study from Sri Lanka
Authors: Jayarathna Nuwan Dhammika , Lanel G. H. J. , Juman Z. A. M. S.
Published: January 2022

This study is a case study based on Softlogic Retail (Pvt) Ltd, Sri Lanka, which is a famous consumer electronics company and market leader in Sri Lanka. This company’s outbound logistics have been considered in this research, and they are mainly forced into the redistribution process in Sri Lanka. Extra routing costs due to unreasonable consumption of additional distance have been noticed in the current redistribution process. Here, this problem is modeled as a variant of the vehicle routing problem with a heterogeneous vehicle fleet. Our objective is to minimize warehouse operation, administration, and transportation costs by imposing constraints on capacity and volume. The researchers propose new heuristic solutions to the problem. A proposed heuristic algorithm has been used to find the optimal path between clusters. The computational investigation highlights the cost savings that can be accrued by this new heuristic. The cost savings can be accrued at a rate of as much as 37.5 % compared to the company’s existing method.
Strategic choices impact on urban mobility improvement: A Case study of Tehran
Authors: Khashaypoor Morteza , Nunes da Silva Fernando , Mamdoohi Amir Reza
Published: January 2022

Concerning the upcoming issues in attaining urban mobility improvement, this research investigates the impact of changes in strategic policies to improve urban mobility. Accordingly, a novel policy approach and its evaluation methodology are proposed, and Tehran's urban mobility and outcomes are appraised in a real-large scale case study. Founded on the outlined approach, strategic policies and policy options are suggested through stakeholders' participation. This paper presents a methodology for assessing the amelioration of urban mobility through the change of policy approach as a conceptual framework in five steps. In line with this, a model-based tool is applied to quantify policy options according to the proposed criteria. To accumulate the required data on the mobility behavior of city inhabitants, a household travel survey is conducted. Based on the presented assessing framework and the process of identifying alternatives and utilizing the macroscopic transportation models, the best alternative is chosen using a Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) method. This research shows that making changes in the policy approach can take the lead overriding role in improving urban mobility. As such, the study finds that development-nature alternatives alone cannot significantly boost urban mobility in developing cities if they do not combine improvements in public transport and soft modes of mobility with restrictions on the use of private cars. The proposed approach and opted alternative are shown to mitigate total travel time in Tehran Central Business District (CBD) by 6.8 per cent..
Sustainable performance assessment: A systematic literature review
Authors: Farchi Chayma , Touzi Badr , Farchi Fadwa , Mousrij Ahmed
Published: January 2022

Current development trends are driving ubiquitous sustainability requirements, pushing organizations to achieve new sustainability goals and targets. To this effect, continuous and continual performance measurements are the key to any business-related success. Therefore, the sustainable performance of an organization can be defined as the performance that takes a long time to achieve its goals. The outcome is a well-balanced balance of context, strategy, management processes, resources, and intangibles especially since it is closely related to the notion of sustainable development (TBL). The goal of this paper is two-fold. Firstly, a systematic literature review is conducted to highlight the importance and the need to assess the three pillars of sustainability and, finally, to encircle the sustainability concept by identifying the most used techniques and approaches in its evaluation. This paper can be considered as basic support for future studies in the application of sustainable performance measurement/assessment systems.
MEŞRU OLMAYAN GÖREVLERİN MESLEKÎ PRESTİJ ALGISI ÜZERİNDEKİ OLUMSUZ ETKİLERİ VE LÜE’NİN ILIMLILAŞTIRICI ETKİSİ: TÜRKİYE’DE ÇALIŞAN ÖĞRETMENLER ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: AKYUREK Server Sevil
Published: January 2022

Meşru olmayan görevler (MOG) kavramının giderek farklı değişkenlerle ilişkileri incelense de şimdiye değin meslekî prestij algısı ve lider-üye değişiminin bu ilişkiyi nasıl etkilediği konusunda bir çalışma mevcut değildir. MOG’un iki boyutu olan gereksiz görevler (GG) ve mantıksız görevler (MG)’in meslekî prestij algısı (MPA) arasındaki ilişkide LÜE’ nin niteliği ve düzenleyici etkisini incelemek amacıyla bu çalışma düzenlenmiştir. Anket yoluyla Türkiye devlet okullarında toplanan veriler ile SPSS’ de doğrusal regresyon analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları arasında GG ve MG’ nin MPA üzerinde olumsuz etkisi keşfedilmiş, LÜS (Lider-Üye Sadakati) GG ve MG’ nin ayrı ayrı MPA üzerindeki olumsuz etkiyi yatıştırdığı bulgulanmıştır. Ayrıca, erkek öğretmenlerin GG ve MG algılarının daha yüksek olduğu keşfedilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın MOG temelinde meslekî prestij algısına ilişkin LÜE boyutlarından lider ve üye arasındaki sadakatin (LÜS) etkili olması bakımından MOG ve genel iş tasarımı yazınına önemli teorik katkılar sağlayacağına işaret etmektedir.
AVRUPA’YA İKİNCİ KAVİMLER GÖÇÜ (MÜ?): SORUNLAR, FIRSATLAR, TEHDİTLER, ÇÖZÜMLER
Authors: DOST Süleyman
Published: January 2022

Göç, insanlık tarihi kadar eskidir. İnsanlar çeşitli sebeplerle yaşadığı ülkeden farklı yerlere göç edebilmektedirler. Ancak bir ülkenin tolere edebileceği sayıdan fazla olan kitlesel göç hareketlerinin sonuçları çok daha ağır olmaktadır. M.S. 350 yıllarında başlayan ilk kavimler göçü özellikle Avrupa’da hukuki, siyasi, sosyal, kültürel, sosyolojik ve psikolojik pek çok değişikliğe sebep olmuştur. Son yüzyıl içinde de özellikle sığınma temelli kitlesel göç hareketleri de bütün dünyanın ve özellikle de Avrupa’nın uğraşmak zorunda kaldığı en önemli sorunlar arasında yer almıştır. Devam eden kitlesel sığınma krizine bugüne kadar ciddi bir çözüme yanaşmayan AB üye devletleri, sürdürülebilir bir çözüm bulmaya çalışarak adeta bu sorunla yeniden yüzleşmek zorunda kalmıştır.
Yüz binlerce insan savaş ve iç karışıklıklardan, otoriter rejimlerden veya yoksulluktan dolayı özellikle Orta Doğu, Güney Asya ve Kuzey Afrika’dan ya Türkiye üzerinden veya doğrudan Avrupa ülkelerine geçmektedir. Bilindiği gibi, artan bir sığınmacılık temelli göç olgusu aslında Türkiye ve Avrupa’nın ortak bir sorunudur. Ancak AB ve üye devletler bu soruna kalıcı bir çözüm bulmak yerine özellikle Türkiye üzerinden sorunun kendi ülkelerine ulaşmasını geciktirmişlerdir.
Bu çalışmada, sığınma temelli kitlesel göç hareketleri sorunu temel alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda işbirliği, dayanışma ve adil sorumluluk paylaşımı ilkelerinden hareketle sığınma mekanizmalarının zayıflığını vurgulayarak neyin yanlış gittiği sorgulanmaktadır. İşbu kitlesel sığınma hareketlerinin Türkiye ve Avrupa ülkeleri açısından fırsat ve tehdit yönüne dikkat çekilmektedir. Türkiye dâhil Avrupa sığınma yaklaşımında yaşanan sorunların, ortak değerler ve çıkarlar bağlamında fırsata dönüştürülebileceği üzerinde durulmaktadır.
MÜLTECİ VE SIĞINMACILARIN ADALETE ERİŞİMİNDE ADLİ YARDIM
Authors: ARAS Aslı
Published: January 2022

Türkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin 1949 yılında onayladığı 10 Aralık 1948 tarihli İnsan Hakları Evrensel Beyannamesi’nde belirtildiği üzere hak arama özgürlüğü, mülteci ve sığınmacılar dahil herkes için tanınmış bir haktır. Mülteci ve sığınmacıların ulusal ve uluslararası mevzuat çerçevesinde kendilerine tanınmış olan bu hakkı etkin bir şekilde kullanabilmeleri için gerekli zeminin sağlanması gerekmektedir. Bu anlamda, mülteci ve sığınmacılara adli yardım hizmetlerinden yararlanma imkânının tanınmasının önemi büyüktür. Adli yardım, avukatlık ücretini ve diğer yargılama giderlerini karşılama olanağı bulunmayan kişilere devlet tarafından sağlanan bir hizmet olarak, yargı organları önünde hak arama hürriyetinin ve kanun önünde eşitliğin bir güvencesidir. Başta 1951 tarihli Mültecilerin Hukuki Durumuna Dair Cenevre Sözleşmesi ve 6458 sayılı Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu olmak üzere hem uluslararası hem de ulusal belgelerde sığınmacıların adli yardım hizmetlerinden yararlanma hakkı teyit edilmektedir. Yabancılar ve Uluslararası Koruma Kanunu’nda Cenevre Sözleşmesi’nden farklı olarak uluslararası koruma statüleri mülteci, şartlı mülteci ve ikincil koruma olarak belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca kitlesel akın olarak geçici korumaya da yer verilmiştir. Uluslararası koruma ve geçici korumadan yararlanan yabancılara sağlanan adli yardım hizmeti, diğer yabancılara sağlanan adli yardımdan farklı düzenlenmiştir.
Çalışmamızın amacı, ulusal ve uluslararası hukuki düzenlemelerde yer alan adli yardım hizmetinin kapsamı, koşullarını belirlemek ve uygulamadaki sorunlara çözüm önerileri sunmaktır.
BİR ZORUNLU GÖÇTEN DİĞERİNE SURİYE’DEN TÜRKİYE’YE GÖÇ EDEN SOMALİLER (2011-2013): BALIKESİR ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: BAKAL ALİ Zekeriye , ÖZÖZEN KAHRAMAN Selver
Published: January 2022

Somali, tarih boyunca dini, siyasi, ekonomik ve sosyal nedenlerle çatışmaların yaşandığı bir ülkedir. Somalilerin ülkelerinden çıkışı genellikle zorunlu nedenlere bağlı olup, gittikleri ülkelerdeki siyasi krizler nedeni ile de yeniden yerinden edilmektedirler. Bu çalışma Suriye’ye göç etmiş olan Somalilerden Suriye krizi sonucu Türkiye’ye (Balıkesir) yerleştirilmiş gruplar üzerine odaklanmıştır. Çalışmada hedeflenen amaçlar şunlardır: (i) 2011 yılından itibaren Suriye’den Balıkesir’e göç eden ve BM’nin yerleştirdiği Somalili mültecilerin göç öncesi ve sonrasında sosyo-ekonomik durumlarıyla kültürel adaptasyonları tespit edilerek karşılaştırılmıştır, (ii) Somali’den Türkiye’ye olan göç güzergâhları ortaya konulmuştur, (iii) göç sonrasında karşılaşılan sorunlar ve mülteci ailelerin gelecek hedefleri detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmada nitel araştırma yaklaşımlarından biri olan anlatı araştırması kullanılmıştır. Saha araştırmalarından elde edilen bulgulara göre; Somalili mülteci ailelerin Balıkesir’i tercih etme nedenleri arasında sosyal ağlar, yaşam maliyetlerinin düşük olması (barınma ve gıda maddelerine erişim) ve iş imkânlarının bulunması sıralanabilir. Mülteci aileler, göç öncesi ve Türkiye’ye geçiş sürecinde şiddet ve saldırı eylemleri, travmatik olaylar, yaşamı tehdit edici deneyimler; göç sonrasında ise yeniden yerleşimle birlikte ortaya çıkan dil sorunları, yoksulluk, duygusal sorunlar, sosyal uyum vb. sorunlarla karşılaştıklarını dile getirmişledir. Yine bu çalışma sonucuna göre mültecilerin yaşadıkları sıkıntılarla baş etme sürecinde yerli halkın mültecilerle maddi ve manevi desteklerinin oldukça önemli olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Estimation of Heat Flow Using a Bottom Simulating Reflection Based on 3D Seismic Data, West Africa
Authors: Le Anh Ngoc
Published: January 2022

DOI:10.17014/ijog.8.3.297-311A Bottom Simulating Reflection (BSR) has been identified using 3D seismic data from the Cameroon continental slope margin. The BSR covers an area of c. 350 km2 in water depths ranging between 940 m to 1,750 m across an area characterized by high- and low-gradient slopes, gullies, scours, and fans. The thickness of the Gas Hydrate Stability Zone (GHSZ) is ~100 - 250 m, assuming an average velocity of 1,800 m/s. Pockmarks are intensively developed across the slope and most of them are observed in the BSR area. Geothermal estimation is based on hydrate stability conditions for pure methane - seawater system, hydrostatic pressure model, and a range of P-wave velocity models for the GHSZ, ranging from 1,600 -1,800 to 2,000 - 2,200 m/s. Geothermal gradient is calculated showing the range and distribution of thermal gradients in the BSR area from 0.046 C/m to 0.094 oC/m with assumed GHSZ velocity of 1,800 m/s. Thermal gradient anomalies have been observed in association with gullies, vertically stacked channels and in some individual pockmarks. The highest anomalies of 0.08 C/m – 0.094 C/m are found in the depression areas of pockmark trains, within seafloor gullies. These positive anomalies are most likely controlled by active or recently active fluid advection and expulsion through the Cameroon slope.
A Simple But Effective Approach of Building Footprint Extraction in Topographic Mapping Acceleration
Authors: Susetyo Danang Budi , Rizaldy Aldino , Hariyono Mochamad Irwan , Purwono Nugroho , Hidayat Fahrul , Windiastuti Rizka , Rachma Tia Rizka N. , Hartanto Prayudha
Published: January 2022

DOI:10.17014/ijog.8.3.329-343Topographic mapping using stereo plotting is not effective, because it takes much time and labour-intensive. Thus, this research was conducted to find the effective way to extract building footprint for mapping acceleration from LiDAR data. Building extraction method in this process comprises four steps: ground/non-ground filtering, building classification, segmentation, and building extraction. Classification of ground and non-ground classes was performed using Adaptive-TIN Surface algorithm. Non-ground points from filtering process were classified as building with the algorithm based on multiscale local dimensionality to separate points at the maximum separability plane. Segmentation using segment growing was used to separate each building, so boundary detection could be conducted for each segment to create boundary of each building. Lastly, building extraction was conducted through three steps: boundary point detection, building delineation, and building regularization. With ten samples and step 0.5, classification resulted in quality and miss factor of 0.597 and 0.524, respectively. The quality was improved by segmentation process to 0.604, while miss factor was getting worse to 0.561. Meanwhile, on the average shape index value from extracted building had 0.02 difference, and the number of errors was 30% for the line segment comparison. Regarding positional accuracy using centroid accuracy assessment, this method could produce RMSE of 1.169 m.
The Application of Parametric and Nonparametric Regression to Predict The Missing Well Log Data
Authors: Mordekhai Mordekhai , Qudsi Izzul , Guntoro John Papilon Steven
Published: January 2022

DOI:10.17014/ijog.8.3.385-399Incomplete well log data are very commonly encountered problems in petroleum exploration activity. The development of artificial intelligence technology offers a new possible way to predict the required logs using limited information available. Optimizing conventional statistical theory, machine learning is proven to be a reliable tool for any prediction task in many fields of study. Regression is one of the basic methods that has rapid development and evolved many techniques with different approaches and purposes. In this study, parametric and nonparametric regressions {linear regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), and Gaussian Process Regression (GPR)} are compared to predict the missing log using the available nearby data. Feature selection was done by performing Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on predictor variables. Different profile of PCA is observed between Cibulakan and Parigi Formations, which is the basis of conducting separate models based on the formation. Among all the selected methods, GPR is consistently making slightly better results. The correlation between the predicted and actual porosity of GPR is observed to be up to 0.19 higher compared to the other methods. Similar observation is also found on the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value comparison. In practice, the GPR method has an inherent advantage compared to other methods, as it provides uncertainty to the prediction based on the standard deviation of each estimation result. The standard deviation of the GPR prediction ranges from 0.006 in high confidence cases and up to 0.077 where uncertainty is high. The models are considered robust and stable according to the RMSE evaluation from cross validation which is consistently giving the value below 0.04. In conclusion, the reliability of regression techniques for predicting the missing well log is exposed in this study, which results demonstrate steady and good accuracy in every formation which are tested on any well logs.
Evaluation of Hydrocarbon Source Rock Potential and Organic Geochemistry in North Arafura Shelf, Papua (Indonesia)
Authors: Sabra Eriko
Published: January 2022

DOI:10.17014/ijog.8.3.401-416The results of this study identified two potential source rock intervals of Permian age in the North Arafura Shelf area of Papua, Indonesia. The first potential source rock interval (SR-1) was identified at 3834.9 m to 3838.6 m depth within the Kola-1 well, which is believed to be good to very good potential source rock with TOC in the range of 2.94 to 3.4 wt %, S1 0.78 to 0.97 mg HC/g, and S2 5.63 to 9.5 mg HC/g. The source rock is composed of type II and III kerogens with HI in the range of 164 to 275 mg HC/gTOC and reached the maturation stage with Ro of 0.83 - 0.86%, Tmax of 442 - 444 C, and Production Index (PI) of 0.09 - 0.12. The second potential source rock interval (SR-2) is at 3060.1 - 3136.3 m depth in the ASM-1X well and has fair potential to be source rock with TOC of 0.95 wt %, S1 of 1.01 mg HC/g, and S2 of 3.39 mg HC/g. This source rock has type II kerogen with a HI value of 357 mg HC/g TOC and has reached maturation as indicated by a Ro value of 0.63%, Tmax of 430 C, and PI of 0.23. Biomarker analysis revealed SR-1 is type III kerogen with terrigenous input and was deposited in an estuarine environment.
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Мультимедиа-реконструкция театрального события. Премьера спектакля «Чайка» на Александринской сцене 17 октября 1896 г.
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет, Борисов Н.В. , Чепуров А.А. ,   Российский государственный институт сценических искусств, Никитин А.В. ,   Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет аэрокосмического приборостроения, Смолин А.А. ,   Университет ИТМО, Трушин В.А. ,   Университет ИТМО, Чепурова О.А. ,   Российский государственный институт сценических искусств
Published: January 2022

Театральный спектакль – величина далекая от абсолюта. Он, как живой организм, постоянно меняется, существуя в пространстве и во времени «здесь и сейчас». Театральное действие не так просто зафиксировать, как может показаться с первого взгляда. Несмотря на развитие цифровых технологий, способных в максимальном, с технической точки зрения, качестве записать происходящее на сцене, даже они не способны передать сущность спектакля во всей полноте его художественного содержания. Почему же так происходит? Камера имеет субъективный взгляд, выхватывая лишь часть картинки, кадр диктует собственную режиссуру, отличающуюся от зрительского восприятия целого.
Медиасреда: поле битвы или стихия взаимопонимания
Authors:   Санкт-Петербургский Гуманитарный университет профсоюзов, Яковлева Л.Ю.
Published: January 2022

В предлагаемой статье представлен обзор научных докладов, посвященных наиболее актуальным вопросам медиафилософии, представленных на Всероссийской научной конференции с международным участием, состоявшейся 30-31 октября 2015 года в Центре медиафилософии института философии СПбГУ. В рамках проблемы формирования «медиасреды» рассматриваются такие темы, как статус медиареальности, медиа как «архив эпохи», вопросы транспортной медиации, медиальность городского пространства, медиавойны и медиальность терроризма, соотношение нарратива, образа, телесности и медиа; особое внимание уделяется анализу последних разработок и инноваций в области компьютерных игр, их влиянию на формирование практик повседневности.
Research on the Mental Stress of College Students in Southwest China amid the COVID-19 Epidemic
Authors: Wenlung Chang, Lihong Yang Yanyu Xu,
Published: January 2022

This study designed related mental health assessment questions to investigate the mental stress of college students in China’s southwest region during the epidemic. In this study, college students from 5 universities in southwest China were selected as the research objects. A total of 1890 questionnaires were distributed, and 1812 questionnaires were recovered, with the recovery rate of 95.87%, of which 1808 are valid. The valid rate of the questionnaire is 99.78%. The data on questionnaires were imported into Excel for preliminary screening and processing, and the data were analyzed using the SPSS22.0 software. The enumeration data are expressed by percentage (%), and X2 test was performed for comparison. t test was used to compare the enumeration data, with P<0.05 representing there is difference. The research results showed that college students in Southwest China generally have different degrees of mental problems, and there are many influencing factors, including the following aspects: (1) It was found that compared with non-medical students, medical students have a lower degree of anxiety; (2) sleep quality. Generally speaking, mental state is closely related to the quality of sleep; (3) The degree of understanding of COVID-19. Students who have a moderate understanding of the epidemic situation are generally more anxious, suggesting that mistakes or limited cognition of COVID-19 can result in negative emotions of students; (4) This study revealed that with the reduction in the frequency of going out per week, the degree of anxiety of college students increases significantly.