bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control strategy of physiological articulatory model for speech production
Authors: Wu Xiyu , Dang Jianwu
Published: December 2015

In speech production the articulatory apparatus includes the organs that execute efferent motor commands from the central nervous system. In order to simulate the behavior of the articulatory apparatus, computational modeling is a commonly-used method. We have constructed a full 3D physiological articulatory model that includes the tongue, jaw, hyoid bone and vocal-tract wall based on the continuum finite element method. This model comprises articulatory muscles with realistic properties and geometrical arrangements. The muscle activation patterns are used to control the movements of the model. In order to use the model to investigate the speech motor control mechanism, generate speech sounds, predict the effect of surgical operation, etc., we have to realize an automatic control strategy. The task of the control strategy is given a particular target, how to generate muscle activation patterns that can control the model to achieve the target. There are two main control strategies for the physiological articulatory model: feedforward control and feedback control. Feedforward control is a kind of mapping used to directly find muscle activation patterns according to the desired target, and feedback control is used to adjust muscle activation patterns to reduce the distance between the desired target and the realized position. In speech production, feedforward mapping is used to rapidly generate muscle activation patterns to control the articulators to produce fluent speech. Feedback control plays the role of learning and maintaining the feedforward mapping. When the degree of accuracy using feedforward mapping cannot satisfy the requirement, feedback control can be used to realize fine motor control. In this paper, we describe how to use feedback control as a learning loop to construct feedforward mapping. The constructed feedforward mapping was assessed through an open-set test, and reasonable articulatory positions were obtained by comparison with the desired targets. Furthermore, the ability of feedback control to improve control accuracy was proved by a large quantity of simulations. 提要: 在言語產生的過程中,發音器官是執行來自中樞神經系統的運動指令的 終端組織。電腦建模的方法常常被應用於模擬發音器官的行為。為此, 我們使用連續體有限元的方法建立了一個三維的發音器官的生理模型, 該模型包含舌、下頜、舌骨以及聲道壁等發音器官。該模型還包括了根 據其生理解剖屬性建立的用於控制發音器官運動的肌肉模型。為了將該 生理模型應用於探索發音器官的運動控制機制,產生自然流暢的語音, 對發音器官的手術後功能進行預測等,我們需要對模型建立一個自動的 控制機制。控制機制的任務在於給定一個發音目標,如何自動的產生肌 肉激活模式去控制模型到達目標。對於發音器官的生理模型而言,有兩 種主要的控制方式:前饋控制和回饋控制。前饋控制是一種從發音控制 目標到肌肉激活模式的映射,用於根據發音目標產生肌肉激活模式;而 回饋控制主要用於調整肌肉激活模式來減少模型實現的位置到目標之間 的距離,最終控制模型到達目標。在言語產生的過程中,前饋控制用於 快速的產生肌肉激活模式控制發音器官產生流暢的語音。回饋控制主要 用於學習前饋控制的映射,並且維持前饋控制可行性。當前饋控制的精 度不能滿足需求時,回饋控制可以用於提高控制精度以實現精確控制。 在本文中,我們將重點介紹如何使用回饋控制作為學習回路,建立前饋 控制的映射。對已建立的前饋映射的開集測試表明該映射可以用於控制 模型在誤差允許範圍內達到目標。而且,大量的模型模擬表明回饋控制 可用於改善前饋控制的控制精度。
Paralysis and Sexuality in Medical Literature and the Acts of Peter
Authors: Henning Meghan
Published: December 2015

This paper focuses on the story of Peter’s daughter that is found in the Berlin Coptic papyrus BG 8502.4, and is associated with the apocryphal Acts of Peter. Research on the story of Peter’s daughter has primarily focused on its interpretation of the theme of chastity, or whether the story was originally included in the Acts of Peter. In the course of these investigations, scholars have taken for granted the curious assumption of the text that paralysis renders Peter’s daughter unfit for marriage, and thus safe from Ptolemy’s unwanted advances. This paper explores the underlying understandings of paralysis and sexuality that would have enabled ancient Christian audiences to make this leap from paralysis to sexual inviolability. Using data from ancient medical texts, this work demonstrates that both paralysis and infertility were understood as symptoms of excessive cooling and insufficient blood flow. Thus, for the ancient audience a paralyzed female body was incapable of bearing children, and an undesirable candidate for marriage. When read in light of these findings, Peter’s daughter is not only a model of early Christian chastity, but of early Christian story telling—using common cultural assumptions about disability to redefine normativity.
Divine Breastfeeding: Milk, Blood, and Pneuma in Clement of Alexandria’s Paedagogus
Authors: LaValle Dawn
Published: December 2015

In the beginning of the Paedagogus, Clement of Alexandria (c. 200 ce ) marshals a lengthy, medically-inflected allegory of God the Father breastfeeding new Christians on the milk that is Christ. In so doing, Clement enters into a medical debate about the precise substance and mechanism of lactation. Siding with the dominant view, found in Aristotle and Galen, Clement thinks that breast milk is formed from menstrual blood that has been rerouted to the breasts and transformed into milk. But Clement differs from this line of thought in claiming that the transformation from blood to milk occurs not through heating, but rather through the transformational power in pneuma. In this paper, I suggest that Clement is relying on an otherwise unattested aircentric theory, likely derived from Diogenes of Apollonia (5 th century bce ). I demonstrate that Clement consistently stresses the role of pneuma not only in his discussion of lactation, but also in his discussion of conception. Given that, for Clement, conception and lactation stand as allegories for Christian baptism and Christian formation, I conclude that Clement finds a pneumatic focus useful in arguing that baptism and formation are points along the same spectrum, as both ways of transmitting heavenly pneuma.
The Persistence in Late Antiquity of Medico-Philosophical Psychic Therapy
Authors: Mayer Wendy
Published: December 2015

Drawing on recent scholarship on mental health in the ancient world, it is argued that the previously puzzling final treatise that John Chrysostom sent to his supporters from exile is a therapeutic medico-philosophical treatise for the sick soul that draws on a well-established tradition within Hellenistic and imperial medicine and philosophy. Viewed in this light, it is a natural accompaniment to two other works written by him at this time, the treatise Quod nemo laeditur, and the final letter to Olympias. It is argued that all three works emerge from a holistic approach to the health of the human soul that is in continuity with Galen and his predecessors, an approach embraced by John early in his ministry.
Between Despondency and the Demon: Diagnosing and Treating Spiritual Disorders in John Chrysostom’s Letter to Stageirios
Authors: Wright Jessica
Published: December 2015

John Chrysostom’s “Exhortatory treatise to the ascetic Stageirios, being harassed by a demon” challenges its recipient’s diagnosis of his own spiritual disorder. According to Chrysostom, the fundamental problem for Stageirios is not the demon but the athumia (despondency or depression) that results. Furthermore, Chrysostom argues, this despondency is not directly caused, nor even warranted, by the demonic attacks. It is, rather, a product of the monk’s attendance to his doxa (repute), as well as to that of his family. In consequence, the therapy that Chrysostom recommends is not exorcism of the demon but excision of the false beliefs and earthly desires that foster athumia . This study teases apart the psychosomatic disorders variously recognized and dismissed in this letter as diseases of the soul—demonic attacks, epilepsy, athumia —and situates them within the context of contemporaneous medical and philosophical traditions. In so doing, it suggests how Chrysostom both absorbs and subverts the metaphor—traditional within Greco-Roman philosophy, and prevalent in late antique Christianity—of emotions and desires as sicknesses of the soul.
The State of the Question: Religion, Medicine, Disability, and Health in Late Antiquity
Authors: Marx-Wolf Heidi , Upson-Saia Kristi
Published: December 2015

This essay provides an overview of the scholarship on the intersections between religion and health-related topics (specifically, medicine, illness, and disability) in Late Antiquity. We characterize the dominant approaches in two, somewhat distinct scholarly trajectories—the History of Medicine and Disability Studies—and urge future scholars to better integrate the insights of each approach. We also identify a range of common methodological missteps that plague the scholarly work to date in the hopes of refining the methodology of future scholarship.
The Etiology of Sorrow and its Therapeutic Benefits in the Preaching of John Chrysostom
Authors: Leyerle Blake
Published: December 2015

Ancient philosophers differed on whether grief was truly an emotion, based in cognitive assessment, or simply a sensation, linked to other pathologies of the body, but its undeniable intensity provoked continuing comment. Over the course of his career, John Chrysostom returned repeatedly to the topic of despondency, often describing it in strongly medical terms as either a symptom or a remedy for an underlying pathology. This essay explores the medical basis of this imagery and argues that these two quite different ways of characterizing grief are united by the preacher’s fundamentally ascetic orientation.
In and Out of the Body: The Significance of Intestinal Disease in Rabbinic Literature
Authors: Balberg Mira
Published: December 2015

This article examines the cultural meaning and function of intestinal diseases in rabbinic literature, and particularly in the Babylonian Talmud. Intestinal disease is not only mentioned and discussed more than any other illness in the rabbinic corpus, but is also presented as an ailment reserved for especially righteous people and as allowing the one suffering from it a blissful afterlife. The article endeavors to explain how and why intestinal disease serves as such a potent metaphor in rabbinic culture, and identifies three central themes that converge around this disease: the notion of suffering as salvific in nature, the idealization of the clean and “purged” body, and the ethos of the sage as embodied Torah. Intestinal disease, an illness demarcated by foulness and shame, functions both as a figuration of the state of being-in-body, and of the paths through which humans hope to transcend their bodies.
“As Trainers for the Healthy”: Massage Therapists, Anointers, and Healing in the Late Latin West
Authors: Bond Sarah E.
Published: December 2015

This article asserts that cultural distinctions in the use of oil and the esteem of athletics initially allowed for a higher status for massage therapists, athletic trainers, and anointers in Greek as opposed to Roman culture. Over the course of the Empire, however, these dissimilarities waned due to cultural, medical, and—ultimately—religious shifts. These professionals are, in a sense, trace elements that allow us to track transformation in attitudes towards the body and the power of touch to heal from the high Empire into Late Antiquity. They also allow us to discern the implications of the Church’s claim to arbitrate healing of both the soul and the body.
Disability, Animality, and Enslavement in Rabbinic Narratives of Bodily Restoration and Resurrection
Authors: Belser Julia Watts
Published: December 2015

In rabbinic midrash, the resurrected body is often imagined as a site of eschatological healing, where the reversal of disability signals God’s capacity to overcome the seemingly intractable realities of the present. While conventional ideas of disability reversal often figure healing as the curative power to restore an individual body to full function, I argue that rabbinic texts frame healing as an act of social transformation. The article analyzes the Palestinian midrash Genesis Rabbah 95:1, demonstrating that the text parallels the restoration of the disabled body with God’s eschatological healing of the animals, so that predators no longer hunt prey. When read alongside rabbinic narratives that link disability with social violence and enslavement, Genesis Rabbah 95:1 reveals a rabbinic conception of healing as an act of communal liberation. The midrash also voices a frequent rabbinic claim that God will resurrect the dead with their corporeal differences intact so that they can be recognized by their kin, only healing their bodies as a subsequent act. The narrative thus figures disability as a critical marker of individual identity, a constitutive sign of the self that allows for and occasions recognition. While the midrash ultimately asserts that God will erase disability from the resurrected flesh, the rabbinic imagination nonetheless preserves a place for physical and sensory difference in the afterlife.
Following the Money: Wealthy Women, Feminism, and the American Suffrage Movement
Authors: Johnson Joan Marie
Published: December 2015

The fortunes donated and estates left by wealthy women played a significant, yet controversial role in recharging the woman suffrage movement and passing the Nineteenth Amendment, a story historians have just recently begun to explore. “Following the money” traces priorities, tactics, and strategies of the movement through a focus on donors and donations and explores the resentment caused when a small number of wealthy individuals wielded the power to shape strategy and decisions. Their experience with the power of money (and its limitations) helped them understand that economic independence and political equality was crucial for all women, whether working-class wage earners, educated professionals, or inheritors of large fortunes. Their donations funded new tactics and strategies, including headquarters in New York and Washington, DC, salaries for traveling organizers, and a publicity blitz, as well as Carrie Chapman Catt’s “winning plan,” ultimately making passage and ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment possible in 1920.
An International Comparison of Women’s Suffrage: The Cases of Finland and New Zealand in the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century
Authors: Sulkunen Irma
Published: December 2015

The international history of women’s suffrage carries an intriguing paradox: the process of democratization that crossed the gender line was first set into motion in geographical peripheries. This article analyzes this paradox. Rather than building on generalizing ideological factors, the approach is guided by the actual order of events, which prioritizes an analysis of geographical peripheries, the small nations of New Zealand and Finland. By examining the social, cultural, and political factors of these two countries and taking the experiential reality of ordinary people, this study introduces new interpretations of the underpinnings of women’s suffrage and democratization in the Western world.
Cultivating Feminine Affinity: Women, Domesticity, and Cold War Transnationality in the US Military Occupation of Okinawa
Authors: Koikari Mire
Published: December 2015

This article examines domesticity as a crucial although hitherto under-studied site of cold war imperial dynamics in the US occupation of Okinawa (1945–1972). During the 1950s and 1960s, as violent confrontations erupted between the occupiers and the occupied over the militarization of Okinawa, the islanders witnessed a flourishing of domestic discourses and practices where American, Okinawan, and Japanese elite women jointly pursued a series of activities related to home and homemaking and (re)defined the occupation as an occasion for feminine affinity and affiliation among women of different racial and national backgrounds. Drawing on insights from studies on gender, empire, and the Cold War, this essay analyzes how domesticity functioned as the “engine” of nation and empire building in US-occupied Okinawa, recruiting women as feminized agents of Cold War American expansionism while at the same time concealing and even erasing the deeply political nature of their involvement.
How Women Make Diplomacy: The British Embassy in Paris, 1815–1841
Authors: Mori Jennifer
Published: December 2015

British diplomatic wives of the early nineteenth century were under increasing pressure to perform their public duties to higher standards of accountability. This article examines the embassies in Paris led by two women—Elizabeth Stuart and Harriet Granville—to ascertain how they negotiated the expectations of their post with respect to class and gender norms. Their records illustrate how new standards of state service could be set for women and how women’s hospitality work in the service of diplomacy could make it a more consultative political domain.
Unusual Frontal Developments: Negotiating the Pregnant Body in Nineteenth-Century America
Authors: Withycombe Shannon
Published: December 2015

This article explores women’s writings about their pregnant bodies in nineteenth-century America. In an attempt to move beyond the simplistic models of “pregnancy as illness” and “pregnancy as fetal containment,” this study explores how women discussed displaying their visibly pregnant bodies in public, kept track of their weights, and described what was growing inside of their expanding bodies. As legal restrictions upon fertility control increased and women’s roles narrowed to an intense focus on mothering, women’s descriptions of their bodies and what was residing inside them reveal a remarkable variety and fluidity in interpretations of pregnancy. Analyzing the corporeal experience of pregnancy in the nineteenth century alters our understanding of the history of body quantification, the complex process of fetal personification, and the policing of pregnant bodies, while it also forces us to confront our modern view of pregnancy and its connections to bodily control and reproductive ability.
Debating Sharia: The 1917 Muslim Women’s Congress in Russia
Authors: Kamp Marianne
Published: December 2015

In 1917, a year of revolutionary change in the Russian Empire, Muslim women organized a congress in order to propose and debate resolutions that they hoped would be incorporated into Russia’s new constitution. Transcripts from the April Congress in Kazan provide evidence that participants sharply disagreed over whether polygyny should be permitted, limited, or abrogated, and they used these debates to articulate their own understandings of rights. While women religious scholars pursued efforts to reread the Qur’an in order to emphasize justice, other educated Muslim women favored historicizing the Qur’an to argue that equality and justice for women in the twentieth century would differ from justice in the time of the Prophet.
“How Come There’s Only Men Up There?”: Catholic Women’s Grassroots Anti-Abortion Activism
Authors: Haugeberg Karissa
Published: December 2015

Recent scholarship on the history of grassroots anti-abortion activism in the United States has emphasized the work of conservative evangelical activists who mobilized in the late 1980s. The lay Catholic women who organized and sustained the grassroots movement since the 1970s remain less well understood. This essay addresses the history of socially progressive—and feminist-identified—Catholic women who mobilized to fight abortion in the 1970s and 1980s. Drawing upon oral history interviews, organizational records, arrest dockets, and newspaper clippings, I argue that lay Catholic women initially welcomed evangelicals into the grassroots anti-abortion movement, but were unprepared for the patriarchal worldview that evangelicals would impose on the movement. Although they were ultimately pushed out of leadership positions, lay Catholic women’s influence on the character of abortion protest continued to flourish long after they had withdrawn from the movement. When progressive Catholic women left leadership posts, anti-abortion support for welfare programs, peace, and social justice waned.
The Vuelta goes glocal: Changes in the Vuelta a España’s communication strategy and media relations under the new Amaury Sport Organization’s management
Authors: Kettner-Høeberg Helle , López Bernat
Published: December 2015

The Vuelta Ciclista a España is one of cycling’s three grand tours, alongside the Tour de France and the Giro d’Italia. As a yearly sports mega-event, broadcast all over the world, the Vuelta is a relevant object of study. Nonetheless, from a scholarly perspective it remains mostly unexplored and unbroken ground for public relations research in particular. This article analyses the changes in the Vuelta’s communication strategy and media relations since the French multinational company Amaury Sport Organization’s (ASO) takeover of Unipublic (the Vuelta’s organizer) in 2008. The analysis has been carried out on the basis of an extensive review of the academic and non-academic literature regarding the object of study and of in depth interviews with Unipublic’s CEO and press officer. The main conclusion of this research is that the new ASO management has focused on strengthening both the global dimension of the race (by means of expanding its global TV viewership) and its relations with the Spanish regional and local press. This move has meant that Unipublic has aligned with the Tour de France model of relations with the local media, aimed at increasing the visibility of the race throughout the year and not just during the event’s celebration, and at increasing the crowds attending live on the roadsides.
Latest trends and initiatives in corporate social responsibility: A communicational analysis of successful cases of arts and culture in Spain
Authors: Herranz-de-la-Casa José-María , Manfredi-Sánchez Juan-Luis , Cabezuelo-Lorenzo Francisco
Published: December 2015

This article explores the relevance of cultural and art promotion in corporate communication strategies for contemporary management models. In Spain, where the funding for culture is declining due to the crisis and decrease in funds from the government – one of the most important supporting cultural agents – some corporations are developing new initiatives to support culture and arts. Nowadays, the field of corporate social responsibility has an increasing relevance for company reputation. This article shows how companies leverage arts and culture to increase their reputation and credibility with stakeholders. It proves that organizations cannot focus just on economic earnings while ignoring social responsibility. Arts and culture can be a strong pillar supporting company goals on social and public responsibility.
In their own terms, on their own terms: Capturing meaning in community musical theatre cast member e-journals
Authors: Bracken Jillian
Published: December 2015

Community musical theatre actively engages individuals in music-making and dramatic performances across the United States. Through these productions, enthusiastic volunteers are afforded socially and musically meaningful opportunities to perform alongside other members of their community. While a large body of scholarly musicological and historical literature on American musical theatre exists, little work has been done to engage individuals involved in these community productions in an attempt to understand reasons for participation or to examine the meaning found in participation. In response to this gap in the literature, this article reports research from an intensive ethnographic study of a Florida community group as they present a production of Maury Yeston’s blockbuster musical Titanic. In addition to ethnographic observation and interviews, e-mail-based cast member journals (e-journals) were used as a way to explore participants’ experiences as the show progressed. E-journal entries are the focus of this article, discussed here in terms of the meaning they capture and the general utility of the methodology. Consideration is given both to the results of this data collection process in the present ethnography and to the usefulness of this approach for future research.
Reflections on the second APCMN Seminar in Tokyo
Authors: Mau Christian
Published: December 2015

This article is a reflective report on the second seminar of the Asia Pacific Community Music Network (APCMN). Held over two days in July 2015, over 30 participants from seven countries assembled at Kunitachi College of Music in Tokyo to discuss Community Music and the various ways it manifests itself in this vast region. Spread over the two days were 23 paper presentations, a workshop and special welcome concert organized and performed by students from the college’s Music Education Department. Overall, response to the event was positive, an important outcome being that the network will endure, with plans underway to hold a third seminar.
Polyrhythmia, heterogeneity and urban identity: Intersections between ‘official’ and ‘unofficial’ narratives in the socio-spatial practices of Australia’s Gold Coast
Authors: Cantillon Zelmarie
Published: December 2015

Australia’s Gold Coast typically positions itself as a luxurious, upmarket resort city or a family-friendly, ‘fun in the sun’ holiday destination. At the same time, the Gold Coast lifestyle is often associated with hedonism, sexuality and excess. Yet the city is also home to over half a million residents whose daily lives – work, education and leisure – routinely take place within and against these powerful and familiar representations. Thus, the city’s identity can be seen as constituted by a series of conflicting ‘official’ and ‘unofficial’ narratives. The ‘official’ narrative is produced by how the city markets itself to tourists, and comes to include popular imaginaries of place that these representations construct and perpetuate. Beyond this, however, residents produce varied and multiple ‘unofficial’ narratives through their engagements with the actualities of their locality as well as with its metanarratives. Surfers Paradise, as the main tourist hub and entertainment precinct of the Gold Coast, is a site of convergence for these competing narratives. Drawing on Lefebvre’s rhythmanalysis, this article explores how conflicting narratives and disjunctions in identities of place manifest themselves in spatial practice in Surfers Paradise.
Homeless Projection: Place des Arts: An Interview with Krzysztof Wodiczko
Authors: Léger Marc James
Published: December 2015

This 2014 interview with veteran engaged artist Krzysztof Wodiczko addresses work that was made in dialogue with homeless people in Montreal. Drawing on previous experience, Wodiczko emphasizes in the process of collaboration the needs of individual participants and their own performance skills in the presentation of self within conditions of marginality and adversity. The subversive humour of Charlie Chaplin and Bertolt Brecht are identified as key components of Wodiczko’s approach to realism.
To dock in on the future: Dystopic science fiction scenarios and urban sustainable visions
Authors: Olshammar Gabriella
Published: December 2015

In the future worlds of science fiction novels, societal and physical dilemmas are at least as pressing as those we encounter on Earth today. These novels show, by way of far-reaching technology and fantastic creativity, how the human race has overcome extraordinary physical, language and social challenges. Still, no matter how fictitious the portraits of extraterrestrial habitats or space travels, the narratives seem deeply attached to the worst imaginable breaches between affluent and poor. The images of glittering towers that stand side by side with self-made shacks are, in fact, not much different from documented inequalities and distressed living conditions on Earth. This article addresses how a handful of science fiction novels express something of importance about contemporary urban environments. The aim is to spur a consideration of urban sustainable visions, and the discussion delves into two rhetoric questions: what is so tempting about the frequently used settings, with their excessive divides between rich and poor? Further, might such dystopian and frightening fictions possibly be more effective to think about visionary plans for future cities than utopian ones?
Application of a Non-linear Rheological Model for the Compaction of Wood-based Materials I.
Authors: KOCSIS Zoltán , CSANÁDY Etele
Published: December 2015

A gyakorlatban sokszor előfordul egyes mezőgazdasági vagy faipari anyagok pelletálása, amelynél a nyomás eléri vagy meghaladja az 1000 bar értéket. A tömörítés folyamán a sűrűség és vele a rugalmassági modulus is gyorsan növekszik. A fa illetve a belőle készített pellet viszkoelasztikusan viselkedik, tehát a nyomás-deformáció összefüggés az időtől illetve a terhelés sebességétől is függ. A por-forgács halmazok tömörödésével összefüggő korábbi kutatások azt mutatták, hogy még egészen kis összenyomásnál sem rendelkezik a tömör faanyag a Hooke-féle rugalmassági tulajdonságokkal (Sitkei 1981). A terhelés-teherintenzitási ciklus végén mindig visszamarad egy bizonyos értékű deformáció. A deformáció nagy része a tehermentesítés során nem nyerhető vissza. A feszültség-deformáció viszony az idő mellett a feszültség nagyságától is függ, tehát nem-lineáris viszkoelaszticitásról beszélhetünk (Sitkei 1994). A jelenleg is folyamatban lévő kutatások során – ahol a pelletálási folyamatra jellemző nyomófejet is készítettünk – olyan komplex nem-lineáris rheológiai modell kifejlesztését tűztük ki célul, amely az anyag rugalmas, viszkoelasztikus és plasztikus tulajdonságait írja le, különös tekintettel a faalapú por-forgács halmazok préselésére széles nyomástartományokban.
The state of international wood utilization in the period of the economic crisis (2007-2012)
Authors: RÉBÉK-NAGY Péter , BÖRCSÖK Zoltán , MOLNÁR Sándor
Published: December 2015

A Föld hengeresfa-felhasználása a gazdasági válság előtt2007-ben 3,559 milliárd m3 volt. Ez a mennyiség 7,42%-kal csökkent 2009-re. A gazdasági világválság markáns hatással volt Észak-Amerika, enyhébben Európa és Óceánia fagazdaságára. A vizsgált 2012. évi adatok szerint a világ fagazdasága kifelé tart a válságból. Fontos megjegyezni, hogy Európa és Észak-Amerika még mindig nem közelítette meg a 2007. évi, válság előtti időszakot. A faanyag hasznosításának csökkenése negatív hatással van a klímavédelemre, mivel a faanyag képes megkötni és tárolni a CO2-t.
Optimization of Production Lines in Wheat Mills using the Method of Problem Solving Analysis.
Authors: Barba Bellettini Marcelo , Fiorda Fernanda Assumpção , Vítola Francisco Menino Destéfanis , Lopes Teixeira Gerson , Ribeiro Ferreira Rafael , Alvarez David Chacon
Published: December 2015

The optimization of production lines is crucial for the industrial market, allowing an increase in quality and quantity of production in less time, producing more with less cost. Method of Problem Analysis and Solving (MPAS) is an efficient set of statistical tools that provides a methodology and an improvement in process quality. The study aimed to optimize the production line in a wheat mill, turning unproductive into productive hours. Through data collection of stops, at random times, there was an average operation/day value of 60.5% and a best result of 83%, taken as a goal to be achieved. It was found that the problem of excessive stops focused on 4 major causes, representing 87% of all cases. Using Pareto charts, histograms and brainstorming, it was observed the day of the week and times of the most influential causes and reasons that led to these stops. Using the PDCA cycle, each subject was analyzed, taking up an action plan, verifying its effectiveness and its monitoring. The amount of incoming and outgoing resources referring to the implementation costs of the project was compared for the economic evaluation of the results. Considering the cost of production of each auxiliary depending on their monthly working hours, it was found that increasing the number of productive hours in 22.5%, there was an increase of 270 hours per month, providing a monthly return for the industry in R$1,551.37, which can be paid in 4 months of production, proving the viability of the project.

 

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v3i1.80
UV-Vis spectrum fingerprinting and chemometric method in the evaluation of extra virgin olive oil adulteration and fraud.
Authors: Valderrama Leonardo , Gonçalves Rhayanna Priscila , Março Paulo Henrique , Valderrama Patrícia
Published: December 2015

This study aimed to propose a methodology to search for fraud and adulteration in extra virgin olive oil, since an increasing number of edible oil products have being adulterated its labels and consequently adding value to its fake product. The analysis of these frauds is of mutual interest of both manufacturers of products of assured quality and consumers, and has attracted the attention of researchers, which has been presenting many methods for this purpose. The use of UV-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy is still small due to the low selectivity of the technique, however, the use of chemometric methods such as the supervised classification method of Partial Least Squares with Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA ) can provide selectivity to discriminate contaminated or adulterated samples and help in fraud control products with high added value, such as extra virgin olive oil method.

DOI: 10.14685/rebrapa.v5i2.170
Influence of Information (Conventional, Diet and Light) on Acceptance of Raspberry-Flavored Gelatin
Authors: Dutra Mariana Borges de Lima , Possetti Taila , Lima Sandra Maria Rosa de , Resende Cárita Magalhães , Sousa Mariana Batista de
Published: December 2015

The influence of label information on acceptance  of raspberry-flavored gelatin (conventional, diet and light) was investigated.The gelatin samples were prepared according to label instructions.Three sessions were held:  blind test, test with labels and test with information, where the samples and their packaging were presented to consumers.  The tests were applied to 60 consumers, to evaluate overall impression using a nine-point hedonic scale. The results were analyzed using ANOVA and the Tukey test (p ≤ 0,05). In the blind test, light raspberry-flavored gelatin was the most accepted and conventional raspberry-flavored gelatin was the most accepted in the test with information, indicating that the labels positively influenced consumer. There was no significant difference in the acceptance of diet raspberry-flavored gelatin, when comparing the results of three sessions.
Application and viability of L. acidophilus, Bifidobacterium and S. thermophilus microencapsulated in soy frozen yogurt
Authors: Gon Renan Luiz Romano , Gonzalez Regiane Da Silva , Sereia Maria Josiane
Published: December 2015

Soybean is a functional food and it is characterized by providing several beneficial health effects allowing the expansion of research and development of functionalized products as alternative substitutes of dairy products. This study aimed to elaborate frozen yogurt enriched with calcium and added a mixed culture containing Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium and Streptococcus thermophilus microencapsulated, from aqueous extract of soybean. The micelles were prepared from albumin and collagen with the addition of over activated probiotic culture. The frozen yogurt was prepared on the basis of aqueous extract of soybean. The micelles of albumin and collagen were able to protect the probiotic microorganisms from cold keeping them viable for storage. The micelles were able to obtain a product with adequate physical, chemical and sensory characteristics for an edible frozen, what shows that soy frozen yogurt may be a good choice of product for the market.
Cassava starch (Manihot esculenta Crantz) esterified with stearic acid
Authors: Alves Francieli C. G. Barroso Simão , Giopato Viell Franciele Leila , Plata-Oviedo Manuel Salvador vicente
Published: December 2015

The objective of this study was to esterification cassava starch with stearic acid, to obtain starches with emulsifying properties, stabilizing and encapsulant of oleic acid. The cassava starch was treated with stearic acid in an alkaline medium (pH 8.0, 9.0, 11.0 and 13.0) and catalyzed by microwave radiation, to obtain the saturated ester starch. The percentage of esterification and degree of substitution (DS), the swelling power and solubility, the apparent viscosity of gels, emulsifying activity and the stability of the emulsions prepared with the modified starches were determined. The use of modified starch in the encapsulation of oleic acid and salad dressings was assessed. The pH of the reaction influences the content and esterification in the GS, only sample evaluated at pH 13.0 showed no percentage esterification. The modification reduced apparent viscosity, the swelling power and the solubility of the granules. Esterification at pH 8.0, 9.0 and 11.0 increased the emulsifying stability and encapsulation efficiency of the starches. Could not find correlation between encapsulation efficiency and the hydrophobicity of the starches. The application of modified starch in sauces like mayonnaise for salads did not show favorable results since the emulsion formed was not stabilized. The emulsion stability was compromised due to low viscosity of the starches after modification
Achievement of Jabuticaba vinegar by spontaneous fermentation
Authors: Zoche Enio Paulo , De Figueredo Odacir , Pazuch Catiussa Maiara , Colla Eliane , Da Silva-Buzanello Rosana Aparecida
Published: December 2015

Vinegar is a very popular food used as a condiment and preservative, however, manufacturers have produced vinegar from raw materials of low quality and without economic value, not being given importance to this product. As jabuticaba presents considerable amounts of soluble solids, vitamin C and phenolic compounds, it’s use in the production of vinegar would be an alternative, resulting in a product with higher added value. The aim of this study was to produce vinegar from jabuticaba by spontaneous fermentation changing evaluating the fermentation conditions: concentration of sugar and ratio water/jabuticaba, their influence on fermented. Product fermentations were monitored by determination of pH, acidity, total soluble solids (TSS) and reducing sugars in glucose. After stabilization of TSS the ethanol content was determined. The ethanol content obtained ranged from 2.1 to 10.7%. The addition of sugar had a positive effect on ethanol production and the increase of ratio water/jabuticaba had negative effect, both significant (p < 0.05). Assays with higher ethanol concentrations (7.8 and 10.7%) resulted in products with lower acidity. Nevertheless, the central points (5.2, 5.7% ethanol) presented higher levels of acidity (~ 3% acetic acid), suggesting a possible inhibition of acetic bacteria naturally present in the must, at concentrations of ethanol above 5%.
Study of optical and electrochemical properties of hybrid compouds (IOH) with Jeffamine (400) e Jeffamine (600) obtained by sol-gel method doped carbon nanotubes (CNT) and chromenes
Authors: Simão Andressa Renatta , Silva Carlos Jorge Ribeiro , Proença Maria Fernanda Jesus Rego Paiva
Published: December 2015

Organic-inorganic gels hybrid matrix (HOI) doped with functionalized carbon nanotubes (CNT) and chromenes were prepared by sol-gel method and was characterized their optical and eletrical properties. The applicationof infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy and ultraviolet and visible allowed in order to evaluate their optical properties. It was used the technique of impedance spectroscopy to assess the electrical conductivity and permittivity of such materials. We conclude that the process of synthesis of HOI-doped with chromene or  CNT allows to produce for materials that display similar to the pure precursor compounds dispersed therein revealing the proper process suitable for the purpose to obtain homogeneous material, with or without electrical conductivity and permittivity, it enables the immobilization when property changes occur these types of molecules / structures.

Keywords: Sol-gel organic-inorganic hybrid, chromene, carbon nanotube.

 
UV-C Radiation on Fresh Cut Vegetables Quality
Authors: Resende Nassur Rita de Cássia Mirela , Vilas Boas Ana Carolina , Lima Rafaella Araújo Zambaldi , Lima Luiz Carlos Oliveira
Published: December 2015

Fresh cut vegetables are products with convenience for consumers, but with a short shelf-life and lower levels of bioactive compounds, when compared to unprocessed vegetables. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of UV-C radiation on quality, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of different fresh cutted vegetables. Nine different vegetables (tomato, onion, bell pepper, zucchini, red cabbage, cauliflower, carrot, beets and potato) were minimally processed and the control and irradiated (UV-C - 4,10 KJ m2 ) treatments were placed in a cold room for 72 hours. The following parameters were evaluated: color (L*, a*, b*, Chroma and ºHue), total soluble solids, titratable acidity, antioxidant activity (DPPH and β-carotene methods) and total phenolics. The UV-C did not influenced the quality parameters, with no significant difference between treated and control samples in vegetables after irradiation process. Tests including microbiology analysis and quality during storage of vegetables after irradiation are suggested, since the quality parameters, desirable for consumers, were not influenced.

 
Evaluation of the efficiency of qualitative test of chloride for investigation milk adulteration
Authors: Carlindo Fornasari Marcela Thaísa , Montanhini Maike Taís Maziero
Published: December 2015

The milk is a sensitive product for fraud, being the water addition the commom forms and is considered a economic fraud, once your composition changes. The commom substances used for fudge the water presence is the sodium chloride, characterized with restorative, in order to correct the milk density and cryoscopy. The objective of this work is evaluate the quality and sensibility of qualitative analysis of chlorides for detection water or salt. Were collected 96 milk samples of cows in different stages of lactation and the milk underwent the qualitative choride research and Somatic Cells Count analysis. The results demonstrate that chlorides evidence can’t be used for detection frauds, because observed the presence of chlorides in fresh milk for animals, in other words, which wasn’t subject for frauds.
Microbiological and parasitological quality of ground beef sold in Aracaju-SE
Authors: Leao Sydney Correia , Barreto Debora Machado , Ribeiro Viviane Da Costa , De Santana Roneval Felix , De Melo Cláudia Moura , Lima Álvaro Silva , De Aragão Batista Marcus Vinicius
Published: December 2015

The goal of this work was to verify the presence of microorganisms and parasites in the ground beef sold in the city of Aracaju, Sergipe, in addition to compare the contamination in butcher shops and supermarkets in neighborhoods Class A and D. We collected 16 samples of 100 gram in triplicate (m=48) and analyzed the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp. coliforms total and thermotolerants, molds and yeasts, and parasites. It was observed that the samples are contaminated by these microorganisms examined with high total and fecal coliforms, Salmonella spp. (25%), low levels of S. aureus, molds and yeasts, in addition to the detection of Ascaris lumbricoides, larvae of flies, mites and plant artifacts.
Sterilization Plant simulation of whole milk UHT Type through the Aspen plus
Authors: Da Silva Melo Thafarelly Bismarck , Vieira Marcolino Brenda Natália
Published: December 2015

The milk sterilization process aims to diminish or extinguish the microbial load present in the food in order to reduce possible damage arising of the metabolic processes of microorganisms that might be present in food. The system currently used in milk processing plants have direct injection principle oversaturated steam in a certain volume of milk in order to establish microbiological reduction, then the product is directed to a tank where flash evaporation condensed the steam is taken off after the product part to the homogenizer where fat molecules are broken making the standardized product. In this whole process is used a system called VTIS (Vacum Therm Instant Steriliser) developed by Tetra Pak company that consists of a piece of equipment back to the sterilization of liquid foods. The computational model used the Aspen plus programmable plataform that by means of unit operations allows you to predict the behavior of a process, this plataform lets you interactively vary some elements of the process in order to obtain desired results through the flowsheets of feed compositions and operating conditions. The ASPEN plus enables the realization of sensitivity analysis, generation of graphs and tables, estimation, regression of physic-chemical properties, settings of simulation models the operative data, equipment sizing, cost analysis, and data input sheets of calculations. As a result was able to reproduce a process without the need for costs.
Characterization and application of blueberry pulp (Vaccinium sp.) fresh and powder in frozen yogurt
Authors: Pascoato de Oliveira Thaise , Pante Giseli Cristina , Fávaro Tosoni Natara , Sereia Maria Josiane , Demczuk Júnior Bogdan
Published: December 2015

The choice for a healthy diet that enhances quality of life has increased in recent years causing food manufacturers seek to meet consumer demand, differentiating products and services. Regular consumption of fermented foods like yogurt and frozen foods rich in antioxidants such as blueberries is recognized as beneficial to maintaining good health. This effect is attributed, in part, the lactic acid bacteria used in the preparation of frozen yogurt that has therapeutic properties and the presence of phenolic compounds present in blueberries, which counteract the effect of free radicals. Thus the aim of this study was to develop and characterize pulp added frozen yogurt blueberry and fresh powder. The yogurt made with frozens pulps were characterized and compared with a control formulation with added red dye Bordeaux. From the analyzes, it was concluded that the pulp of fresh blueberries showed levels of total phenolics and flavonoids in higher amounts in the pulp powder can be a viable alternative to coloring of in natura instead of artificial coloring.
Craft Beer elaboration from partial replacement of malt by honey
Authors: Oliveira Mariana , Faber Carolina Rocha , Plata-Oviedo Manuel Salvador Vicente
Published: December 2015

In recent years, two trends has excelled in the universe Brewer: getting beer from concentrated musts and the elaboration of beer using special assistants, which may or not aromatize the same, in order to obtain unique sensory attributes in products obtained. The honey of Apis mellifera, is raw material quite favorable to the alcoholic fermentation for being rich in carbohydrates, minerals and low acidity. The present study aimed to develop artisanal beer, using honey as malt and partial substituent as natural flavouring of craft beers. Four different formulations were made of beer, being a replacement for malt-free honey and three other formulations, with respectively 10%, 20% and 30% of honey. Based on the results observed it was concluded that the use of honey in the three levels of substitution allowed obtaining higher-alcohol beers (5.21, 5.76 and 5.57% v/v) in respect of conventional beer (4.86%, v/v). According to the sensory tests the drink proved with consumption potential, since the beers showed distinct features and samples containing honey were the most accepted. Considering that this type of beer is not traditionally consumed in Brazil, this work aims to broaden scientific knowledge in the area of manufacturing technology of honey beers, since the subject is of great importance to enlarge the market of this product.