bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Neuromyelitis-optica-Spektrum-Erkrankungen und assoziierte Autoimmunerkrankungen
Authors: Adler Sabine
Published: October 2024

Objective: There have been reports of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) coexisting with connective tissue disorders. The objective of this study was to describe the characteristics of NMOSD coexisting with autoimmune diseases (AID). Methods: This retrospective study evaluated NMOSD patients with and without AID. The enrolled patients had at least one attack, with duration of more than 1 year. Data on the demographics, clinical features, and laboratory findings were assessed. The Poisson model was used to investigate the risk factors associated with the annualized relapse rate (ARR), whereas the Cox model was used to evaluate the risk factors for the first relapse. Results: A total of 180 patients (154 women and 26 men) with NMOSD were identified: 45 had AID and 135 did not. Female patients had a higher prevalence of concomitant AID (p = 0.006) and a greater relapse rate within the first year. There were no statistically significant differences in the characteristics of patients. Kaplan–Meier analysis revealed that NMOSD patients with seropositive aquaporin 4 antibodies (AQP4-Ab; log-rank: p = 0.044), had a shorter time to relapse. Patients seropositive for AQP4-Ab (HR = 2.402, 95%CI = 1.092–5.283, p = 0.029) had a higher risk of suffering a first relapse, according to the Cox model. Patients with and without AID showed a similar declining tendency in terms of change in ARR throughout the first 5 years of the disease. The ARR was greater in the first year [incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 1.534, 95%CI = 1.111–2.118] and the first 2 years (IRR = 1.474, 95%CI = 1.056–2.058) in patients with coexisting AID diagnosis prior to the NMOSD onset.
Performance analysis of field oriented controlled PMSM based electric truck
Authors: Achary Sanskruti , Chaudhari Rutul , Chauhan Siddharthsingh K.
Published: October 2024

The electric vehicle (EV) concept is considered the ideal solution to save the environment from pollution occurring due to internal combustion engines or ICE-based vehicles. However, electric power trains have found more penetration in the segment of passenger vehicles and electric buses. This paper presents the performance of an electric truck. Field-oriented controlled permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is used for the powertrain of the proposed electric truck. The performance of the proposed electric truck is analyzed for propulsion as well as regenerative mode of operation using MATLAB. The effect of different gradient conditions of the road surface on the behavior of the proposed truck is observed. The presented simulation results depict the satisfactory operation of the proposed PMSM-driven electric truck for various operating conditions.
Integrated electric vehicle design and simulation: Combining a mechanical and electrical model using Simscape/Multibody
Authors: Jbari Hatim , Askour Rachid , Idrissi Badr Bououlid
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a novel methodology for modeling and implementing an electric vehicle (EV) simulation model using the Multibody approach. The proposed method provides a robust solution for studying EV performance, taking into consideration the dynamic behavior of its complex mechanical system. The mechanical design was carried out using SOLIDWORKS software and then exported to the Simscape/Multibody platform. This process was performed to combine the obtained mechanical design with an electrical model, developed using the Simscape and MATLAB/Simulink toolbox, in the same simulation platform. The proposed EV is powered by an electromechanical PowerDrive based on a permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM), supplied by a hybrid energy storage system (HESS). The implemented HESS, operating in a fully active topology, is controlled by a deterministic rule-based energy management system (EMS). To evaluate the proposed model performance, simulations were conducted under ECE-15.
Investigations on the behavioral analysis of unbalanced synchronous generators
Authors: Kouchih Djilali , Hachelaf Redouane , Tadjine Mohamed , Boucherit Mohamed Seghir
Published: October 2024

This paper describes a new methodology for the modeling and analysis of three-phase synchronous generators operating under an unbalanced regime. For this, an improved state model has been developed in order to determine significant signatures on stator and rotor electromagnetic quantities. This methodology is characterized by some advantages. Firstly, it can be generalized for the modeling of severe defects like open-phase and short circuits. Furthermore, by comparison to classical approaches based on the finite elements and symmetrical components methods, this approach gives a good compromise between precision and simulation time. The obtained results show the effectiveness of this approach for the analysis of unbalanced synchronous generators.
A comprehensive evaluation of machine learning algorithms for precise energy consumption forecasting in smart homes
Authors: Maguluri Lakshmana Phaneendra , Shankar M. , Aruna R. , Devi D. Chitra , Suganya M. J.
Published: October 2024

Energy is one of the most critical and costly resources, playing a vital role in our daily lives. As technology advances, the demand for energy also increases. This work proposes a model for predicting energy consumption in smart homes, consisting of data preprocessing, performance evaluation, and application. Once the data is processed, it is fed into the prediction module, where various machine-learning algorithms are applied to forecast energy consumption. As smart home environments grow in complexity, selecting the most effective machine learning algorithm becomes increasingly crucial. The persistent challenge lies in manually discerning the best-performing algorithm, given their potential variance in efficacy across diverse use cases or datasets. In the dynamic landscape of energy conservation and cost-effective power generation, precise forecasting of energy consumption is essential, playing a pivotal role in advancing energy sustainability and bolstering economic stability. This introduction explores the intricate terrain of predicting energy utilization within smart homes, a domain that has seen increased interest due to the integration of machine learning algorithms. The primary focus of this exploration is the rigorous evaluation of these algorithms, using key performance metrics such as mean absolute error (MAE), mean squared error (MSE), and R-squared.
Single-phase five level modified neutral point clamped grid connected inverter topology with front-end chopper control of DC-link capacitor voltages
Authors: Kumar Y. Sravan , Krishna T. Murali , Guduri Yesuratnam
Published: October 2024

Conventionally, only the standalone operation of a single-phase fault tolerant-based 5-level neutral point clamped (SPFT-5L-NPC) inverter with two stiff DC sources has been explained with consideration of phase disposition pulse width modulation (PD-PWM) technique. In this topology, the bidirectional switch arrangement consists of four diodes and one IGBT switch. This arrangement inherently increases conduction losses of topology. Generally, any NPC inverter topology suffers from a DC-link capacitor voltage (DCL-CV) balancing issue. In the conventional contribution of work, authors have not discussed the front-end voltage balancing issue. This study describes the extension work of a single-phase grid connection with a modified 5L-NPC (M5L-NPC) inverter topology, taking into account the aforementioned concerns. In this topology, the simple front-end chopper circuit has been utilized to balance the DCL-CVs and to reduce conduction losses, another arrangement of bidirectional switch has been utilized. In this paper, both standalone and grid connections of M5L-NPC topology have been explained along with control of DCL-CVs. The grid-connected important objectives of active power control (APC), reactive power control (RPC), and injecting sinusoidal current with low harmonic distortion have been discussed thoroughly considering a simple control strategy.
Enhancing power quality in wireless DC power supplies through active power filtering: A computer simulation approach
Authors: Baharom Rahimi , Bunyamin Wan Muhamad Hakimi Wan
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a computer simulation model for a high-power factor wireless DC power supply system, integrating an active power filter (APF) at the rectifier stage on the transmitter side using a rectifier boost technique. The APF, employing a MOSFET switch regulated by active pulse width modulation (APWM) within a current control loop, addresses pulsating and distorted AC supply currents caused by non-linear loads. A robust closed-loop control mechanism, including a subtractor circuit, proportional-integral (PI) controller, and comparator, ensures the generation of a continuous sinusoidal waveform synchronized with the supply voltage. The model utilizes a high-frequency inverter to convert DC to AC, which is then wirelessly transmitted via wireless power transfer (WPT) technology and converted back to DC by a high-frequency rectifier. MATLAB/Simulink simulation results show a significant reduction in total harmonic distortion (THD) of the AC supply current, complying with IEEE 519 standards. Selected results are presented to verify the proposed method's effectiveness in reducing harmonic distortions and enhancing power quality. This study highlights the advantages of WPT in scenarios where traditional wired connections are impractical and underscores the potential of this system for real-world applications, particularly in developing high-power factor wireless DC power supply systems.
Design and implementation of high voltage DC generation system based on push-pull inverter integrated with Cockcroft-Walton
Authors: Mardiyah Luthfiyyatun , Syakur Abdul , Setiawan Iwan
Published: October 2024

High-voltage DC generation is essential for industrial, medical, and scientific applications, such as X-ray machines, particle accelerators, and electrostatic precipitators. Existing high-voltage DC generators face challenges such as high cost, complexity, and inefficiency. A simplified and cost-effective solution that can reliably generate high-voltage DC from a low DC power supply is needed. This paper discusses the design and implementation of a high-voltage DC generator with a low-voltage DC power supply input. The generator employs a push-pull inverter to transform the DC 12 V voltage into AC 400 V at a frequency of 20 kHz. A Cockcroft-Walton circuit, comprising a positive and a negative Cockcroft-Walton circuit, then steps up this voltage. The Arduino Nano microcontroller uses pulse width modulation (PWM) signals to control the system. This research aims to provide a reliable and economical high-voltage DC voltage generation system for various applications. We discuss the design process and hardware implementation in detail. We set the target output voltage of this hardware at 10 kV DC. MATLAB/Simulink simulation software verifies the performance of the proposed high-voltage generator, and hardware implementation validates its effectiveness. The proposed high-voltage DC generator's hardware tests successfully produced an output voltage of 14.12 kV DC.
Development and evaluation of artificial intelligence based maximum power point tracking for photovoltaic systems across diverse weather conditions
Authors: Poornima Penumala , Boopathy Kannan
Published: October 2024

An essential control mechanism for solar panels, maximum power point tracking (MPPT) constantly adjusts the operating point to maximize power extraction from changing environmental conditions, ensuring that the panels run at peak efficiency. To maximize energy yield, improve overall system performance, and add to the financial feasibility of solar installations, MPPT is crucial in today's energy landscape, which is increasingly focused on clean and renewable sources. In this study, we test four popular photovoltaic maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms in different weather scenarios: perturb and observe (P&O), fuzzy logic, grey wolf optimizer (GWO), and horse herd optimization (HHO). Key parameters such as efficiency, responsiveness to partial shading, and adaptability to changing environmental conditions are analyzed using MATLAB models to evaluate each algorithm's performance in depth. The results show where each algorithm excels and where it falls short, and the research stands out by incorporating new features into the models. Our study seeks to provide valuable insights for the development of photovoltaic (PV) MPPT algorithms, guiding future research and applications in the ever-changing field of renewable energy systems. We will focus on making these algorithms more flexible in dynamic environments and resilient in partial shading situations.
Stochastic assessment of voltage sags and techno-economic optimization
Authors: Raman Jeyagopi , Chan Choon Kit , Gupta Munish Kumar , Asmara Yuli Panca , Baskara Sudesh Nair , Kaewthep Chaloemphol , Gao Yuzhen
Published: October 2024

Power quality has become an essential concern for industries and domestic energy consumption with the development of sophisticated equipment like micro-electronic devices. When a power quality event happens, such as voltage sag, financial losses for industries increase tremendously. Therefore, voltage sag evaluation becomes crucial for predicting the number of events and severity of voltage sag events of the electrical network. Industries can determine the mitigation investment needed for optimal operation using the knowledge obtained through voltage sag analysis method. Thus, the first part of the study addressed the development of a stochastic assessment method for voltage sag at an interested bus in the power system network, which was an initial objective of the study. The second part of the research investigates dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) control techniques, as well as the necessary capacitance and energy storage dimensions. The studies also recommend a technique for economic evaluation that emphasizes the expense of voltage sag events as well as the cost of investment in DVR with and without voltage sag events. The size of DVR and economic assessment model established in these studies enables industries to rate the cost of voltage sag and the total investment in mitigation devices.
Energy storage system for increasing electric-power stability
Authors: Acosta Jorge Javier Sánchez , Gámez María Rodríguez , Alaba Lenin Agustín Cuenca , Arauz Wilber Manuel Saltos , Alvarez José Ricardo Nuñez , Pérez Antonio Vázquez
Published: October 2024

At present, energy storage systems are being generalized due to the necessity of providing stable and good-quality electrical service in all homes. Solutions are given to Ecuador's electrical power system using distributed generation facilities with different renewable energy sources. However, some of those facilities in the Province of Manabí are located relatively far from the power consumption areas, causing an energy deficit in some electrical feeders when demand increases. The objective of the present study is to analyze the functioning of an electrical feeder when energy storage systems and photovoltaic systems are connected as a hybrid system. Two different software, CYME, and ArcGIS, were used to analyze the electrical power system in the province object of study and to design the simulation that showed better functioning of the electrical feeder when energy storage systems are connected than with connection to photovoltaic systems.
Switching loss and temperature analysis of MPWM controller for solar PV inverter
Authors: Panneerselvam Sivaraj , Kandasamy Karunanithi , Sivakumar S. , Prasanna N. Vignesh , Hushein R.
Published: October 2024

Despite the fact that temperature affects how much power is produced by solar panels, a temperature that exceeds a certain threshold results in a reduction in output. Additionally, there are losses when switching is controlled in inverters using different control approaches like pulse width modulation (PWM), sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM), and multiple pulse width modulation (MPWM). The type of control method and temperature have an impact on these losses. Here, the MPWM approach is used to analyze it at various temperatures. A metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor or MOSFET-based and an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT)-based inverter are also planned. Their switching losses at various temperatures are contrasted. For a range of temperature values, the IGBT-equipped inverter is discovered to be a low-loss inverter. Compared to an IGBT inverter, the MOSFET inverter has a comparatively higher loss.
Improving efficiency of wireless charging system in electric vehicle using a hybrid ultracapacitor-battery energy storage approach
Authors: Fang Liew Hui , Romli Muhammad Izuan Fahmi , Rahim Rosemizi Abd , Mukhtar Nurhakimah Mohd , Kimpol Norhanisa
Published: October 2024

This research aims to enhance the efficiency of wireless charging systems in electric vehicles by integrating a hybrid ultracapacitor-battery energy storage solution. Traditional standalone battery-based energy storage systems in wireless charging often face sub-optimal charging efficiency, resulting in extended charging times and reduced energy transfer efficiency. To address this limitation, we propose a hybrid approach that combines the rapid charging capability of ultracapacitor (supercapacitor) with the long-term storage capacity of batteries. The optimal charging range is 0 cm to 2 cm, and the combined output voltage and current are 5 V to 12 V and 0.63 A, respectively. This hybrid energy storage system will significantly boost electric vehicles (EVs) charging efficiency. Our research involves experimental evaluation and data analysis to assess crucial parameters, including charging efficiency, energy transfer efficiency, and charging time. The experimental results are validated and compared against existing battery-only systems, shedding light on the advantages and limitations of the hybrid approach. This study contributes to the optimization of wireless charging systems, enhancing energy transfer efficiency, and promoting the broader adoption of wireless charging technology in electric vehicles.
Analyzing the Performance Trends in Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) Among Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) Graduates: A Quantitative Approach
Authors: Salendab Fahad A. , Dela Cruz Jesaly E. , Tabifranca Crizelle A. , Fortaliza Jonipol E.
Published: October 2024

The study analyzes the performance trends in the Licensure Examination for Teachers (LET) among Bachelor of Elementary Education (BEEd) graduates from Sultan Kudarat State University – Kalamansig Campus from 2018 to 2023. A descriptive-comparative research design was employed to statistically measure the objectives of the study. Data were obtained from the Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). The study’s respondents are 73 first-timers and 112 repeaters. A total of 185 BEEd examinees were the respondents of the study. Also, the study utilized frequency and percentage counts, z-scores, and p-values to compare the performance and test for significant differences. The results revealed that the performance trends among the BEEd graduates was fluctuating. Performance of first-timers are higher than repeaters in most periods, with institutional passing rates below national passing rates. Notably, exceptional performances were recorded during the March 2019, June 2022, and October 2022 examination periods, where institutional passing rates surpassed national passing rates. The study identifies several factors influencing LET performance, including academic preparation, review sessions, and external disruptions such as the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted the consistency and preparation of examinees. The data suggest that while first-timers showed relatively strong performance, repeaters faced significant challenges, underscoring the need for targeted support systems to enhance their preparedness and outcomes. The findings highlight the critical importance of continuous monitoring and strategic interventions to improve LET performance. Implementing effective support mechanisms for repeaters, improving academic and review processes, and addressing external factors are essential steps toward enhancing the quality of teacher education.
Unveiling The Lived Experiences of School Heads in Managing Intergenerational Diversity among Proficient Teachers
Authors: Lazaro Bryan Louis G. , De Castro Luningning B. , Henson Luzale D. , Cainglet Ronnie G. , Del Rosario Ligaya Z. , Buhain Vivian I. , Tiratira Niclie L.
Published: October 2024

This transcendental phenomenological study explored the lived experiences of school heads in managing intergenerational diversity among proficient teachers in public elementary schools in Noveleta, Cavite. Through in-depth interviews, participant observations, and document analysis, the study revealed how generational differences impacted school management practices. Seven key themes emerged: Intergenerational Dynamics and Work Culture, Leadership and Adaptive Management Strategies, Technological Evolution and Pedagogical Adaptation, Communication, Collaboration, and Team Cohesion, Coping with Change and Navigating Resistance, Personal Well-being and Professional Growth, and Cultural and Societal Influences.
The findings highlighted that school heads faced distinct challenges when managing generational gaps in work ethics, discipline, and professional values. Older generations of teachers, such as Baby Boomers and Generation X, exhibited stronger work ethics and commitment, often working through breaks to ensure student learning. In contrast, younger generations, particularly Generation Y and Z, were perceived to prioritize work-life balance and demonstrated less initiative. These differences posed significant challenges in fostering collaboration and innovation within schools. School heads employed adaptive strategies, such as empathetic leadership, fostering open communication, and promoting flexible solutions to bridge these generational divides.
Moreover, the study emphasized the need for school management to address stereotypes and biases associated with different generations, creating inclusive environments that promoted cohesion and mutual respect. The implications extended to educational policies and professional development programs aimed at fostering intergenerational understanding and improving staff relations.
Self-Guided Blood Pressure Screening in the Community: Opportunities, and Challenges
Authors: O’Hagan Edel T. , Marschner Simone L. , Mishra Shiva , Min Haeri , Schutte Aletta E. , Schlaich Markus P. , Hannebery Patrick , Duncan Noel , Shaw Tim , Chow Clara K.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND:

Community-based health check kiosks provide opportunities to improve the detection and long-term monitoring of hypertension. We describe the sociodemographic and cardiovascular characteristics of first-time and repeat users of these kiosks.

METHOD:

This was an observational study. Deidentified data collected from 430 SiSU Health consumer-facing health check stations in pharmacies across Australia between January 2018 and November 2020 were analyzed. Using a logistic regression, we identified factors associated with repeat checks in the overall cohort and in those with possible hypertension presented as adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CIs.

RESULTS:

A total of 982 122 unique checks were conducted; 54% (n=530 139) of the health check users were female, and the average age of all users was 38.2 (SD 16.0) years. Of those that used the kiosks, 13% used them more than once. Overall, 22% met the definition of possible hypertension, 16% (n=136 345) had blood pressure (BP) ≥140/90 mm Hg, 4% (n=34 349) had BP >160/100 mm Hg, and 13% (121 282) reported taking BP medicines. In the adjusted analysis, first-time users who were aged 50 to 69 years (aOR 0.91 [95% CI 0.87–0.96]) or ≥70 years (aOR 0.68 [95% CI 0.62–0.74]) were less likely than young users (18–29 years) to return for a second health check. Those in very remote areas were 61% (aOR 0.39 [95% CI 0.19–0.72]), and smokers were 13% less likely to return (aOR 0.87 [95% CI 0.83–0.91]). People taking BP medications were more likely to return (aOR 1.16 [95% CI 1.09–1.22]).

CONCLUSIONS:

Community-based health checks may identify people with high BP and could provide an option for self-monitoring. Broader implementation is needed to increase the reach in rural areas and among the elderly population.
Piezo1‐Mediated Mechanotransduction Contributes to Disturbed Flow‐Induced Atherosclerotic Endothelial Inflammation
Authors: Lan Yining , Lu Jing , Zhang Shaohan , Jie Chunxiao , Chen Chunyong , Xiao Chao , Qin Chao , Cheng Daobin
Published: October 2024

Background

Disturbed flow generates oscillatory shear stress (OSS), which in turn leads to endothelial inflammation and atherosclerosis. Piezo1, a biomechanical force sensor, plays a crucial role in the cardiovascular system. However, the specific role of Piezo1 in atherosclerosis remains to be fully elucidated.

Methods and Results

We detected the expression of Piezo1 in atherosclerotic mice and endothelial cells from regions with disturbed blood flow. The pharmacological inhibitor Piezo1 inhibitor (GsMTx4) was used to evaluate the impact of Piezo1 on plaque progression and endothelial inflammation. We examined Piezo1's direct response to OSS in vitro and its effects on endothelial inflammation. Furthermore, mechanistic studies were conducted to explore the potential molecular cascade through which Piezo1 mediates endothelial inflammation in response to OSS. Our findings revealed the upregulation of Piezo1 in apoE−/− (apolipoprotein E) atherosclerotic mice, which is associated with disturbed flow. Treatment with GsMTx4 not only delayed plaque progression but also mitigated endothelial inflammation in both chronic and disturbed flow‐induced atherosclerosis. Piezo1 was shown to facilitate calcium ions (Ca
2
+
) influx in response to OSS, thereby activating endothelial inflammation. This inflammatory response was attenuated in the absence of Piezo1. Additionally, we identified that under OSS, Piezo1 activates the Ca
2
+
/CaM/CaMKII (calmodulin/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinases Ⅱ) pathways, which subsequently stimulate downstream kinases FAK (focal adhesion kinase) and Src. This leads to the activation of the OSS‐sensitive YAP (yes‐associated protein), ultimately triggering endothelial inflammation.

Conclusions

Our study highlights the key role of Piezo1 in atherosclerotic endothelial inflammation, proposing the Piezo1–Ca
2+
/CaM/CaMKII‐FAK/Src‐YAP axis as a previously unknown endothelial mechanotransduction pathway. Piezo1 is expected to become a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.
Impact of Daily Lower‐Body Negative Pressure or Cycling Followed by Venous Constrictive Thigh Cuffs on Bedrest‐Induced Orthostatic Intolerance
Authors: Hönemann Jan‐Niklas , Hoffmann Fabian , de Boni Laura , Gauger Peter , Mulder Edwin , Möstl Stefan , Heusser Karsten , Schmitz Marie‐Therese , Halbach Marcel , Laurie Steven S. , Lee Stuart M. C. , Macias Brandon R. , Jordan Jens , Tank Jens
Published: October 2024

Background

Orthostatic intolerance occurs following immobilization in patients on Earth and in astronauts after spaceflight. Head‐down tilt bedrest is a terrestrial model for weightlessness and induces orthostatic intolerance. We hypothesized that lower‐body negative pressure (LBNP) or cycling followed by wearing venous constrictive thigh cuffs mitigates orthostatic intolerance after head‐down tilt bedrest.

Methods and Results

We enrolled 47 healthy individuals (20 women, 35±9 years) to a 30‐day strict head‐down tilt bedrest study. During bedrest, they were assigned to 6 hours of 25 mm Hg LBNP (n=12) per day and 1 hour of supine cycling followed by 6 hours of venous constriction through thigh cuffs 6 days per week (n=12), 6 hours of daily upright sitting (positive control, n=11), or no countermeasure (negative control, n=12). We measured orthostatic tolerance as the time to presyncope during 80° head‐up tilt testing with incremental LBNP before and immediately after bedrest. We determined plasma volume with carbon monoxide rebreathing before and at the end of bedrest. After bedrest, orthostatic tolerance decreased 540±457 seconds in the control group, 539±68 seconds in the cycling group, 217±379 seconds in the LBNP group, and 289±89 seconds in the seated group (
P
<0.0001 time point,
P
=0.009 for group differences). Supine and upright heart rate increased in all groups following bedrest. Plasma volume was only maintained in the cycling group but decreased in all others (interaction countermeasure×time point
P
<0.0001).

Conclusions

Six hours of moderate LBNP training was as effective as sitting in attenuating orthostatic intolerance after 30 days of head‐down tilt bedrest. Daily cycling exercise followed by 6 hours of wearing venous constrictive thigh cuffs, while maintaining plasma volume, did not improve orthostatic tolerance.

Registration

URL:
https://www.bfarm.de/EN
; Identifiers: DRKS00027643 and DRKS00030848.
Peripartum Cardiomyopathy and Social Vulnerability: An Epidemiological Analysis of Mortality Outcomes
Authors: Shahid Mahek , Ibrahim Ramzi , Ulhaque Tazeen , Nhat Hoang , Sainbayar Enkhtsogt , Lee Kwan , Mamas Mamas A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) outcomes have been previously linked to demographic and social factors. The social vulnerability index (SVI) is a measure of social vulnerability in the United States. We explored PPCM disparities and the impact of SVI on PPCM mortality.

Methods and Results

Mortality from 1999 to 2020, SVI, and demographic data were obtained from CDC databases. County‐specific SVI rankings were linked to PPCM age‐adjusted mortality rates (AAMRs), allowing for a comparative analysis of AAMRs across both cumulative populations and subpopulations to identify disparities. All US counties were then stratified into low‐ and high‐SVI groups, facilitating comparison of SVI rankings by estimation of excess‐deaths per 1 000 000 person‐years attributable to greater social vulnerability and rate ratios (RR) through univariable Poisson regression. We identified a total of 1026 deaths related to PPCM between 1999 and 2020. Overall AAMR increased from 0.180 in 1999 to 0.326 in 2020. Black populations (AAMR: 1.081) and Southern US counties (AAMR: 0.444) had the highest AAMRs compared with other racial and US census groups, respectively. Higher SVI accounted for 0.172 excess deaths per 1 000 000 person‐years (RR=1.800). Among Black and White populations, higher SVI also accounted for 0.248 and 0.071 excess deaths per 1 000 000 person‐years, respectively. Similar impacts of greater social vulnerability were observed when comparing the US census regions (Northeast RR=1.609, Midwest RR=1.819, South RR=1.934, West RR=1.776).

Conclusions

PPCM mortality disparities exist across racial and geographic populations in the United States. A greater burden of social vulnerability is associated with higher PPCM mortality on a national level.
Is Oration Literature?
Authors: Qutbuddin Tahera
Published: October 2024

Is oration literature? More specifically, can we read the multi-functional Arabic oration (khuṭbah) of the 1st/7th and 2nd/8th centuries as part of the classical prose canon? In this article, I argue that if our definition of literature includes beautiful language, admiration expressed by literary theorists, and masterful articulation of themes to evoke audience response, early Arabic oration is most certainly literature. I demonstrate this claim by analyzing the rhythmic and graphic oral aesthetics of early Arabic oration, the views of medieval theorists regarding its distinguished place and literary nature, and its crucial influence on the development of the chancery epistle (risālah), the first written genre of Arabic literary prose. I contend that khuṭbah is the foundational prose genre of Arabic and it has materially influenced the major genres of risālah and maqāmāt that followed. The history of Arabic literature cannot be written without oration.
Usage of al-shayb wa-l-shabāb in Ibn Ḥamdīs’s ḥāʾiyyah ‘Ṭaraqat wa-l-laylu’
Authors: Carpentieri Nicola
Published: October 2024

This article examines Ibn Ḥamdīs’s ḥāʾiyyah ‘Ṭaraqat wa-l-laylu’, a multi-partite ode of thirty-four lines. I argue that the poet’s deployment of the motif of old age vs. youth (al-shayb wa-l-shabāb) within this qaṣīdah responds to a codified “poetics of old age” that sought to enhance the poem’s semantic layering. Ibn Ḥamdīs adheres to a normative aesthetics of Arabic old-age poetry, obtaining an effect that I refer to as “thematic displacement.” In support of my argument, I quote an excerpt of al-Sharīf al-Murtaḍā’s introduction to his anthology al-Shihāb fī-l-shayb wa-l-shabāb, which reveals how the critic prized Arabic verse on old age precisely because of its capacity to interact dialogically with the traditional maʿānī al-shiʿr. The article includes a revised biography of Ibn Ḥamdīs and a new English translation of the poem.
The Writer Sweating at His Desk: Labor and Literature in Fatḥī Ghānim’s al-Jabal
Authors: Alon Shir
Published: October 2024

Debates about the role of literature in postcolonial Egypt took place within a broader discourse on the mobilization of labor and the creation of a national productive economy. Reading the archive of early issues of the pioneering journal Al-Ghad, this article shows that Egyptian progressive writers in the early 1950s strove to define themselves as workers and literature as a productive endeavor. The article then turns to Fatḥī Ghānim’s 1957 novel al-Jabal, arguing that its depiction of a failed peasant reform project is a means of reflecting on the work of the writer and its productive ends. While nominally committed to a progressive ethos of productivity, the novel remains haunted by the specter of labor with no product, exertion that produces nothing, which endures as an alternative model for literary writing.
Mapping Muslim Chaplaincy
Authors: Gilliat-Ray Sophie , Schmid Hansjörg , Ali Mansur
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the emergent field of Muslim chaplaincy research by reviewing English-language publications in this growing area of professional religious work, especially in Europe and the United States. After presenting the method of our enquiry, we provide a quantitative and qualitative analysis of the literature reviewed. We then focus on three key topics in Muslim Chaplaincy Studies that derive from our quantitative and qualitative research. These are: the training of Muslim chaplains, which is strongly linked to professionalisation, the vocabulary and sources that underpin Muslim chaplaincy and, finally, the significance of the increasing involvement of Muslim women in this area of professional religious work and leadership. Having identified exactly 100 publications related to the development of Muslim chaplaincy, many of them arising from empirical research, serious practitioner reflections located in peer-review publications, and a small number of articles that are explicitly devoted to methodological considerations, we are suggesting in this article that a distinctive sub-field of Muslim Chaplaincy Studies can now be identified.
Impacts of black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens, larval frass on the emergence and seedling vigor of three vegetable crop species
Authors: Chavez M.Y. , Uchanski M. , Tomberlin J.K.
Published: October 2024

The waste material from rearing black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (L.), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), larvae (BSFL), frass, could serve as a partial replacement for fertilizer or growing media, such as peat. Studies have shown that depending on the crop life cycle, long or short, the incorporation of frass can have positive impacts on vegetable growth. Investigating the earlier stages of growth, such as emergence, can provide more information on the acute impacts of insect frass on plant production. Two greenhouse studies were designed to investigate the use of frass in vegetable production at the seedling stage: BSFL frass as a partial replacement for peat in a growth germination medium and BSFL frass as a fertility replacement in a growth germination medium. Tomato, lettuce, and arugula seeds were grown in a standard control growing media, a growing media amended with frass to partially replace peat, and a growing media with frass applications to substitute the fertility source. In all treatments and varieties, the control growing media produced better or comparable results to the treatments. As a peat replacement, the two tomato varieties, lettuce, and arugula seedlings grown in frass had comparable seedling vigour and days to emergence to those grown in the control. As a fertility replacement, seedlings grown in frass had significantly lower percent emergence in all four cultivars when compared to the control. The tomato varieties also had significantly lower seedling vigour in the BSFL fertility treatments than the control. Depending on crop and growing media composition, the impacts of frass on early plant development vary. The adoption of frass into growing practices should include preliminary tests for nutrient composition and microbial contamination.
Psychometric Properties of the Hungarian Passion Scale-8 (PS-8-HU) in Physically Active and Inactive Adults
Authors: Árok Pálma , Morvay-Sey Kata , Vujić Aleksandar , Szabo Attila
Published: October 2024

The 8-item Passion Scale (PS-8) is a unidimensional instrument used in dual versus single passion research. The PS-8 was validated in Icelandic, Persian, and Turkish student samples. In this study, we translated the PS-8 and validated it with physically active and inactive adults from Hungary. We also evaluated measurement invariance (across gender, physical activity, exercise frequency, and age groups) of the Hungarian version of the Passion scale (PS-8-HU). Data were collected online between fall 2023 and winter 2024, including a test and retest phase. The sample comprised 729 Hungarian physically active and inactive adults (68% females, 32% males; ages 18–78 years), of whom 196 participated in the retest. We used confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), item analysis, correlations, t-test and ANOVA in checking the scale’s validity and reliability, and we used a multigroup CFA to test the measurement invariance. The results supperted a univariate structure of the PS-8-HU. The instrument was invariant for gender (at the strict level), exercise frequency (metric), physical activity (metric), and age (scalar). The internal reliability of the PS-8-HU was .93 and test-retest reliability was .77. The PS-8-HU also exhibited good concurrent and construct validities, high homogeneity, and adequate discriminant validity.
Steps Toward Decreasing Maternal Alcohol Consumption in Israel: Nationwide Trends During a Decade
Authors: Senecky Yehuda , Zrubavel Yaaron Noam , Chodick Gabriel , Berger Andrea , Hen-Herbst Liat , Fund Ilana Barta , Massalha Manal , Matot Ran , Ganelin-Cohen Esther
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

Prenatal alcohol exposure poses a substantial risk to fetal development. Efforts were made in 2011-2020 to increase public awareness of and prevent alcohol consumption during pregnancy. We conducted a cross-sectional survey in Israel of pregnant women’s alcohol consumption from January 2021 through June 2023 and compared our results with the results of a survey conducted during 2009-2010 to assess changes over time.

Methods:

We conducted cross-sectional surveys at 3 public hospitals in central and northern Israel. Surveyors visited hospitals twice weekly and used a questionnaire consistent with one used in 2009-2010 that focused on alcohol consumption 3 months before pregnancy and during pregnancy. We conducted a stratified analysis of the prevalence of alcohol consumption during pregnancy by demographic characteristics. We also used a multivariable logistic regression model to examine variables associated with receiving guidance on alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Results:

Of 1915 women in the 2021-2023 survey (mean [SD] age, 30.8 [5.6] y), 1204 (62.9%) reported never consuming alcohol before pregnancy and 1708 (89.2%) reported no alcohol consumption during pregnancy. During pregnancy, 157 (8.2%) women reported consuming alcohol weekly or less, 12 (0.6%) more frequently, and 52 (2.7%) binge drinking. We found a significant decrease in alcohol consumption during pregnancy in 2021-2023 as compared with 2009-2010 (odds ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.88; P = .03). Predictors of alcohol consumption during pregnancy included alcohol consumption before pregnancy, parity, and smoking. Significantly more women in the 2021-2023 sample (n = 569; 29.7%) than in the 2009-2010 sample received guidance on alcohol consumption during pregnancy ( P < .001).

Conclusions:

Educational efforts should continue to increase awareness of the risks of prenatal alcohol exposure in the general population and among health professionals.
Analysis and design of wire winding tension control system based on genetic algorithm and fuzzy PID
Authors: Sun Kewei , Xu Jiazhong , Zheng Shiyi
Published: October 2024

Wire winding is a key process in transformer manufacturing, and the accuracy of tension control directly affects the quality of the products. To achieve the requirement of constant tension winding of wire, the influence of roll diameter, speed, and other factors on the dynamic performance of tension is analyzed by establishing the dynamic model of unwinding and winding as well as the pendulum part. A control strategy combining proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control with fuzzy control is adopted, and the parameters of the fuzzy PID controller are optimized using an improved genetic algorithm. Simulation results demonstrate that the optimized fuzzy PID controller significantly reduces tension overshoot and effectively suppresses the tension fluctuation when the speed and roll diameter change, and the tension fluctuation is controlled within 2%. Finally, the feasibility of the optimized fuzzy PID controller in the tension control system is experimentally validated.
Fault-tolerant control of nonlinear networked control systems based on a dynamic event-triggered mechanism under dual cyber attacks
Authors: Xing Shuangyun , Meng Min , Deng Feiqi
Published: October 2024

In this paper, the fault-tolerant control problem of actuator failures for nonlinear networked control systems under deception attacks and denial-of-service attacks is investigated based on a dynamic event-triggered mechanism. Firstly, denial-of-service attacks and deception attacks are modeled as two independent variables that conform to the Bernoulli probability distribution, and the fault-tolerant control problem of nonlinear networked control systems is considered under the possible actuator failures. Then, an appropriate Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional is constructed, and sufficient conditions for ensuring asymptotic stability of the closed-loop systems are obtained using Jensen inequality. Meanwhile, the designed fault-tolerant controller can handle possible actuator failures. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is proved through an example.
Driving net zero: Comprehensive evaluation of whole life carbon in domestic hot water systems
Authors: Elsarrag Esam
Published: October 2024

Low-temperature domestic hot water (DHW) systems provide significant carbon reduction benefits, supporting the UK’s 2050 net-zero target. Typically, low water volume applications do not need recirculation and storage when instantaneous heaters are employed, such applications can be more flexible in terms of temperature range and safety requirements. However, commercial applications may have high volumes of hot water and hence, will require high working temperatures to satisfy the recirculation requirements. This study developed a comprehensive toolkit to benchmark the embodied and operational carbon in terms of kgCO2e/m2 for various DHW systems, including equipment, refrigerants, and operational emissions. Analysis of seven DHW designs for an office building revealed that low-temperature systems consistently demonstrate the lowest whole-life carbon (WLC), underscoring the impact of grid decarbonisation and low-GWP refrigerants. The WLC results are normalised per square metre of floor area. Low-temperature systems showed the lowest WLC even with the inclusion of water treatment and chemical dosing systems.

Practical Application: Our contribution aligns with modern building industry practices by promoting the adoption of low-temperature domestic hot water (DHW) systems to reduce carbon emissions. This approach supports the industry’s shift towards sustainable construction and the net-zero carbon target by 2050. We emphasise the benefits of these systems, particularly in reducing whole life carbon (WLC) impacts, which is crucial for environmentally conscious building designs. By demonstrating that low-temperature systems maintain low WLC even with additional components like water treatment, our work provides practical insights for professionals aiming to implement energy-efficient and sustainable heating solutions in commercial buildings.
How and Why Top Executives Influence Innovation: A Review of Mechanisms and a Research Agenda
Authors: Zhu David H. , Zhao Zeyu , Semadeni Matthew
Published: October 2024

Scholars have shown increasing interest in the relationship between top executives and firm innovation. However, no systematic effort has been made to integrate or synthesize the theoretical mechanisms in this literature. Without such an integrative framework, this field remains fragmented, offering limited guidance for future research. In this study, we integrate and synthesize findings from over 100 articles on the effects of top executives on innovation. Our review identifies four major categories of theoretical mechanisms (Motivations, Cognitions, Leadership Behaviors, and Influences), eleven sub-categories of mechanisms, and three prominent causal chains in the literature. Our review also examines how these mechanisms align with those in the broader innovation literature, highlighting numerous opportunities for future research. These include deeper integration within and across four categories of mechanisms in strategic leadership literature, drawing insights from strategic leadership research to better inform future research on organizational motivations for innovation, examining top executives’ economic motivations for innovation, and elucidating how strategic leaders shape absorptive and economic capacities to innovate.
Sentiment and success potential of farmers’ producer organizations: A systematic literature review
Authors: Chowdhury Sayani Roy , Ghosh Dona , Rao T Joji
Published: October 2024

Farmer Producer Organisations (FPOs) are a viable alternative to cooperative farming, offering a commercialization model and improved income for smallholders. However, their adoption is often met with mixed sentiment among farmers, who lack capital, technical expertise, and institutional innovations. This study aims to explore the sentiments related to the adoption and success of FPOs in establishing a beneficial platform for small and marginal farmers, using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), sentiment and thematic analysis. The findings suggest that FPOs can enhance marketing strategies and agricultural productivity, but their impact on agriculture is case-sensitive. Cooperatives, characterized by member ownership and bottom-up development approaches, are essential factors in the context. A programmatic and comprehensive understanding of FPOs can help to develop a better agricultural and allied business ecosystem for diversified categories of farmers. Study aims to assess the sentiments and success potential of FPOs under an abundance of small and marginal farmers, comparing them to cooperative and contract farming legislation, to encourage a sustainable agribusiness ecosystem in India.