bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of doppler in the middle cerebral artery in prediction of fetal distress during labor in uncomplicated pregnancies at 40 weeks and beyond
Authors: Rukhlyada Nikolay N. , Bolotskikh Vyacheslav M. , Semyonova Elvira R. , Klitsenko Olga A.
Published: April 2020

The aim of this study was to reveal correlation between Doppler in the fetal middle cerebral artery and fetal decompensation during labor in uncomplicated pregnancies at 40 weeks and beyond. We by means of ultrasound Doppler examined 260 women at 40 to 42 weeks of uncomplicated pregnancy 48 hours before delivery, with fetal condition assessed subsequently during labor and immediately after delivery. We found out that in the group of women with caesarean section caused by fetal distress during labor, pulsatility indices in the middle cerebral artery evaluated just before labor were significantly lower than in the group of women whose fetus had better condition during labor. The same trend was observed when comparing Doppler velocimetry using the fetal cerebroplacental ratio. Moreover, we identified that in the group of women with newborns having Apgar 7 and less, middle cerebral artery measured less than 48 hours before delivery were lower than in the group of women having babies in better conditions. Furthermore, as result of this study, the trigger threshold for PI was found to be 0.835, below which fetuses have adverse perinatal outcome during labor. Thus, it was shown that Doppler in the fetal middle cerebral artery in uncomplicated pregnancies at 40 weeks and beyond could predict fetal distress and avoid hypoxic brain damage to the fetus during labor.
Cognitive function of pregnant women: the problem of postoperative cognitive dysfunction in women after labor
Authors: Shchegolev Aleksey V. , Shirokov Dmitry M. , Chernykh Oksana A. , Vartanova Irina V. , Khrabrova Maria V.
Published: April 2020

The problem of postoperative cognitive dysfunction is relevant in obstetrics due to the initial psychophysiological state of a pregnant woman and the high frequency of abdominal delivery everywhere. When choosing the optimal method of anesthesia for a cesarean section, which would minimally affect cognitive functions, it is necessary to consider the impact of anesthesia on the memory and attention of puerperas, as well as their initial cognitive status. To assess memory and attention in women of reproductive age, in our opinion, the most appropriate tests are the MoCA-test, Benton test, Wechsler test, hospital anxiety and depression scale, and a self-assessment questionnaire. These tests are recommended by psychophysiologists and have proven themselves to be well applied in daily clinical practice. Standard test kits with a formalized (quantitative) evaluation of the results allow a rapid assessment of several cognitive functions in a limited time. This review article presents the problem of the cognitive function of pregnant women and postoperative cognitive dysfunction during pregnancy.
Effects of Coating Treatment with Aloe Vera and Glycerol on Germination Delay and Seed Viability of Wheat under Different Water Levels
Authors: YILDIRIM Mustafa
Published: April 2020

This study was conducted to demonstrate the effect of seed coating on preventing early germination to decrease possible seed damage. For this aim, bread wheat seeds were coated with Aloe vera and glycerol to determine how these substances can preserve seed viability by avoiding early germination. The seeds were coated with 5 different concentrations of Aloe vera or glycerol and irrigated with varies water levels. Water absorption and germination rates, seed viability after five days, and germination vigor following the second irrigation were determined. The seeds coated with glycerol absorbed the least amount of water. This was followed by seeds coated with Aloe vera and uncoated control seeds, respectively. Five hours after the initial irrigation, seeds coated with 100% and 80% of glycerol absorbed the least amount of water of 9.15% and 14.85%, respectively. Seeds coated with 100% and 80% of Aloe vera absorbed slightly more water of 23.96% and 29.01%, respectively. More concentrated coatings of Aloe vera and glycerol were associated with lower germination rates but glycerol-coated seeds generally had the longest viability. Both coating treatments effectively preserved seed viability by delaying germination at low water levels.
Editorial
Authors: Fickers Andreas , De Leeuw Sonja
Published: April 2020

We are very pleased to present the first issue of a new e-journal in the
field of European media history: the Journal of European Television History.
It is to be the first peer-reviewed, multi-media and open access e-journal
in the field of television studies. The aim of this e-journal is to provide
an international platform for outstanding academic research and archival
reflection on television as an important part of our European cultural
heritage.
European Television History Online
Authors: de Leeuw Sonja
Published: April 2020

Increasingly television heritage is being digitized and made accessible
to non- industry user, enabling ‘the archival turn’: the study of online
archives so as to revisit the dominant discourses in television
historiography. This article discusses both conceptual and practical
perspectives on online television heritage within a broader European frame-
work. It starts from the notion of connectivity, pointing to the development
of the archive as a network of connections and continues to address the
dynamics involved in the trans- formation of the television archive into an
online presentation including the most relevant actors. With the help of
examples from Dutch and European television heritage projects the article
discusses how the new archive is capable of mediating between the past and
present, between history and memory, between curatorial perspectives and
popular uses. It concludes on the challenges that (European) online
television heritage offers in the field of television historiography and
theory.
History in the Backstage of Romanian Television Archives
Authors: Mustata Dana
Published: April 2020

The historical value of audiovisual archives lies as much in the
documented collection they have to offer as in the losses that history has
imprinted on them. Controversial material that has been confiscated by the
secret police in communist Romania or records of programmes that have been
destroyed due to economizing practices of ‘taking the silver out of the
pellicle’ are important facts in the history of Romanian television. Equally
important for history is the ‘leftover’ material filmed during the Romanian
revolution, which now lives in the shadow of the screened footage. Pursuing
the life story of an archival institution and understanding its relations
with history forms an important preliminary step for the historian in
assessing the documented history within the archive.
Bury my bones but keep my words
Authors: Mshaï Mwangola S.
Published: April 2020

The author’s experiences preparing and presenting at the 2013 (Nairobi, Kenya) and 2015 (Brussels, Belgium) SOIMA conferences form the basis for this reflection on the work of custodians safeguarding the sound and image heritage of the past. Drawing inspiration from the artistic reflections of acclaimed master poet Ko Awonoor and accomplished writer Yvonne Owuor on death and life viewed through the prism of the dirge singer, the paper explores what it means to be a facilitator bridging the past and the future through the present. Using performance as a catalyst, she identifies three opportunities open to professional archivists seeking to secure the legacy of the past for generations to come: to create within collections conditions for availability, accessibility and adoptability.
Challenges at the Europeana Space project
Authors: Waelde Charlotte , Whatley Sarah
Published: April 2020

Digital technologies enable us to visualize dance in new ways and to capture recordings of dance which may be preserved and handed down to future generations. In this way, dance starts to become part of our intangible cultural heritage. But capturing dance also raises questions of authorship and ownership of copyright in both the dance and the recording of the dance. Challenges arising at the intersections between the legal frameworks of intangible cultural heritage and copyright have surfaced in an EU-funded project, Europeana Space. This contribution describes the E-Space project and the place of dance within it, and it introduces work being done at the Centre for Dance Research at Coventry University on dance and examines the intersections between copyright law and the international legal frameworks applicable to safeguarding intangible cultural heritage.
The cost of inaction
Authors: Lacinak Chris
Published: April 2020

Anon University is a hypothetical university representing a conglomeration of organizations with holdings of legacy physical audiovisual media. It exemplies a universal conundrum that poses a serious threat to the future value derived from content stored on physical audiovisual legacy media. This paper proposes a new model and application for quantifying the nancial and intellectual implications of decisions regarding digitization of physical audiovisual media holdings. Cost of inaction (COI) calculates the return on savings of previous investment in collections while recognizing that the window of possible return is limited because audiovisual media degrade or become obsolete. While the subject of this example is a university, the issue is not speci c to academic institutions. It manifests in organizations of all types and sizes, including government institutions, corporations, non-pro ts, museums, media companies and more. Some of the arguments and positioning may di er based on organization size and type, but the core concepts and calculations are the same.
Changing gears
Authors: Oomen Johan , Brinkerink Maarten , Huurnink Bouke , Ordelman Roeland
Published: April 2020

Audiovisual archives are embracing the opportunities offered by digitization for managing their work processes and offering new services to a wide array of user groups. Organization strategy, working processes and software development need to be able to support a culture where innovation can flourish. Some institutions are beginning to adopt the concept of ‘two-speed IT’. The core strategy aims to accommodate two informational technology tracks simultaneously: foundational but ‘slow’ and innovative but exible and ‘fast’. This paper outlines the rationale behind the two-speed IT strategy. It highlights a specific implementation at the Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision, a large audiovisual archive and museum where two-speed IT is enabling the institute to reach its business objectives.
I value, you value, we value… but what’s the value?
Authors: Arijs Hilke
Published: April 2020

Today‚ audiovisual collections account for a large portion of the world’s memory. They are part of museums, serve as research documents for various types of scientific institution, register history and provide us with a tangible witness of our most precious memories. Even though sound and image collections are generally accepted as being part of our cultural heritage, determining how to open such collections to a large audience is far from simple. Although value and signi cance assessments are increasingly used as collection management tools, they are labour intensive and organizationally demanding activities for collection managers and institutions. Nevertheless such assessments are vital to ensure proper collection management today and in the future. Likewise they provide us with an excellent tool in communicating about audiovisual collections, prioritizing in case of digitization and rendering their management comprehensible. This paper outlines a three-step methodology designed to facilitate assessing value in audiovisual collections.
Protecting heritage during a crisis
Authors: Ohanis Salphy
Published: April 2020

Heritage creates people’s memory as well as their existence. The Knooz Syria archive represents the history of the press and printing in Syria from the mid-nineteenth century up to the 1970s. When its founders began collecting materials, they did not predict the crisis that wrecked Syria beginning in 2011. Forced to flee Damascus, they left behind tens of thousands of newspapers, books and documents representing more than 200 years of extended history. With the help of the Prince Claus Fund in the Netherlands, they were able to move an important part of the collection to a safe place. Work continues to move the remaining parts and to archive it electronically. This essay examines the creation of that archive, the threats it faces and the possibilities for its future.
Intertwining spheres
Authors: Winter Renee
Published: April 2020

Public audiovisual archives like the Österreichische Mediathek (Austrian National Audiovisual Archive) have long been concerned with documenting the political as well as the cultural public sphere. National and international efforts have worked to collect and preserve historic film documents from the private sphere. An ongoing Österreichische Mediathek project addresses a source typically viewed as marginal: private video sources from the 1980s and 1990s. The challenges are not only to develop a collection and archiving strategy for a type of content on which there is little to no scientific research but also to master the technical challenges of archiving such materials for the long term. This paper examines the development and the workflow of the project and goes on to consider the historical functions of home videos and their qualities as historical sources.
Hysteroscopy to identify retained placental tissue and excision in secondary post-partum haemorrhage
Authors: Devabhaktuni Pratibha , Allani Padmaja
Published: April 2020

Background: Most cases of secondary postpartum haemorrhage (PPH) are due to retained placental products (RPP). This study had a crop of five cases of secondary PPH, referral cases, during a period of six months during 2006. Four cases were following a caesarean delivery and in one, sub mucous and intra mural, uterine fibroids, caused retained placental tissue by distortion of the uterine cavity. Objectives of this study were to evaluate the feasibility of hysteroscopy to identify the retained placental products in cases of secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Verification of complete removal of RPP by reinsertion of hysteroscope, after removal of RPP by using a sponge holder, or curette.Methods: Trans vaginal ultrasonography (TVS) identified echogenic retained products of conception in all cases. Surgical profile investigations were done as per protocol. Transfusion of blood products was needed in some. Bettocchi 5 mm continuous flow hysteroscope (Karl Storz) was used. Storz endomat hysteroflator was used for irrigation and aspiration.Results: Hysteroscopic guided excision of the placental tissue was one-time treatment in four of study cases, and one needed a second hysteroscopic excision. Secondary PPH occurred at varying periods after the caesarean delivery, one week in one, two weeks in one case, three weeks in two cases and one woman was admitted with retained placenta, primary PPH continuing to secondary PPH. Hysteroscopy done during the puerperal period, in cases of secondary PPH, had certain challenges to cope with.Conclusions: Hysteroscopic guided excision of the retained placental tissue was successful in all the five cases with secondary postpartum haemorrhage. Hysteroscopy is an excellent procedure in cases of secondary PPH. We request guidelines committees to consider including hysteroscopic guided removal of retained placental products, in the algorithm of management of secondary PPH.
Complex foot deformity and Illizarov technique: a record-based study
Authors: Kumar S. Naveen , Kulkarni Anirudh C. , Nayak Arun K. , Kumar Roshan , Sajan Alvin , Takalkar Anant A.
Published: April 2020

Background: Complex foot deformities may occur as a result of trauma, poliomyelitis, osteomyelitis, burn contractures, neuromuscular diseases or may present as a resistant congenital contracture such as clubfoot. The Ilizarov fixator is new and more efficient method in the treatment of orthopedic foot problems. The aim of the study was to assess the outcome of Illizarov technique.

Methods: This is a hospital record-based study conducted in 32 patients of foot deformity at orthopedic ward of Navodaya Medical college and Hospital, Raichur.  The record- based data was collected in January to July 2019. Data analysis done with SPSS 24.0 version IBM USA.

Results: Majority of the subjects were from 0 to 5 years age group i.e. 14 (43.8%). Mean age was 26.2±4.9 years. Majority in our study were males i.e. 71.9%. In majority of the cases, the cause of foot deformity was neglected and relapsed club foot i.e. 12 (37.5%). Treatment period was 22±7 weeks.   

Conclusions: The Ilizarov method can successfully correct complex foot deformities. Success rate was 90.6%.
Comentarios editoriales: duplicación, redundancia y ética en las publicaciones médicas
Authors: Pérez Romero Germán Enrique
Published: April 2020

A raíz de la reciente publicación del trabajo de Rodríguez J, Prieto S, Ortiz L, Bautista A, Bernal P, Vargas N. Diagnóstico matemático de la monitoría fetal. Aplicando la Ley de Zipf-Mandelbrot; en el número 2 del volumen 54 de nuestra revista1 y la simultánea aparición en la Revista Colombiana de Obstetricia y Ginecología de: Rodríguez J, Prieto S, Ortiz L, Bautista A, Álvarez L, Correa C, Avilán N. Diagnóstico matemático de la monitoría fetal con la Ley de Zipf-Mandelbrot y la teoría de los sistemas dinámicos aplicados a la fisiología cardíaca; el editor desea precisar como es costumbre en las revistas médicas que:31.-Todo trabajo científico recibido para evaluación del comité editorial, se acompaña de una carta firmada por todos los autores donde se establece que el manuscrito no ha sido presentado a otra revista.2.-El proceso de revisión por pares es anónimo y que durante él se mantiene comunicación con los autores a fin de corregir, adicionar o ampliar los conceptos contenidos en el trabajo analizado.3.-Una vez aceptado para publicación, los autores reciben notificación de la fecha probable de publicación (volumen y año). La amplia homología de las publicaciones mencionadas y en especial de la metodología utilizada, los grupos de pacientes y las conclusiones, permiten aseverar que se trata de una publicación redundante.
Utilidad clínica del estudio anatomopatológico de la placenta en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl
Authors: Cortés Hernán , Muñoz Henry
Published: April 2020

Objetivos: caracterizarlos hallazgos placentarios en relación con la patología materna o fetal y conocer el porcentaje de hallazgos patológicos en las muestras enviadas para estudio.Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo retrospectivo realizado en el Hospital Universitario San Vicente de Paúl. Se incluyeron todas las placentas a las que se les realizó estudio histológico en los últimos tres años (2003-2005); se revisaron todas las historias de las pacientes a quienes se les realizó el estudio, estableciendo el diagnóstico histológico y el motivo por el que fueron enviadas a patología (complicación materna o fetal).Resultados: se revisaron 60 placentas, de estas 19 (31,6%) se reportaron como normales. Las características más prevalentes fueron los cambios isquémicos y la amnionitis; en los casos de síndrome hipertensivo asociado al embarazo (SHAE) y retardo del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) el hallazgo más frecuente fueron los cambios isquémicos; en ruptura prematura de membranas (RPM), sífilis y parto prematuro fue la amnionitis. No se reportó ningún hallazgo en los casos de malformación fetal.Conclusiones: solo se enviaron a patología el 1% de las placentas. Se encontraron hallazgos significativos solo en el 68% de las placentas en comparación con lo reportado en otras series, donde se encuentran alteraciones patológicas importantes en el 92% de estas. Se debe alentar el envío a patología de las placentas con anormalidades macroscópicas y aquellas con indicaciones maternas y fetales para aumentar la posibilidad de encontrar hallazgos relevantes.
THE ROLE OF ADIPOSE TISSUE AND LABORATORY PREDICTORS OF PRIMARY OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors: Kornoukhova L. A. , Emanuel V. L. , Denisov N. L.
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this work was to determine the information content of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total calcium (Ca) as predictors for the diagnosis of osteoporosis. By laboratory methods, 2451 people were divided into two groups according to the presence/absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS+ / MetS-): 1946 women (MetS- 1119, MetS+ 827) and 505 men (MetS- 264, MetS+ 241). Patients with laboratory signs of liver pathology are excluded. In women: MetS+ levels of ALP and Ca significantly differ from MetS- (p< 0.0001), no differences were found for men. ALP synchronously change the indicators of TG, HDL, LDL, ALT, AST, Ca, demonstrating a positive relationship (p< 0.001), the indicators do not exceed the threshold values. MetS- women in pre- and postmenopausal women significantly differ in ALP: 63.90 E / l vs 79.10 E / l (p <0.0001).
COMPLEX MORPHOLOGICAL (CYTOLOGICAL, HISTOLOGICAL) DIAGNOSTICS OF DESMOID FIBROMA ASSOCIATED WITH A BREAST IMPLANT (CASE REPORT FROM PRACTICE)
Authors: Slavnova E. N. , Saribekyan E. K. , Surkova V. S. , Ortabaeva D. R. , Goryushkina O. B. , Petrov A. N.
Published: April 2020

A rare clinical observation of desmoid fibroma associated with a breast implant is presented. When making a morphological (cytological, histological) diagnosis at the light-optical level before surgery, a differential morphological diagnosis was performed between cicatricial changes, the stromal component of the phyloid tumor and desmoid fibroma. Only immunohistochemistry allowed us to establish a diagnosis of desmoid fibroma, since tumor cells expressed diffusely SMA, focally desmin, and most importantly, ß-catenin expression was observed in some cells.
ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF DIOXIDINE AND DIOXIDINE-CONTAINING MEDICINE «NOSOLIN-ULTRA, NASAL DROPS»
Authors: Detysheva Elena Vladimirovna , Fursova N. K. , Korovkin S. A.
Published: April 2020

The study is devoted to the study of the antimicrobial activity of the antioxidant dioxidin and the complex dioxin-containing preparation Nosolin-ultra, nasal drops against planktonic and biofilm cultures of pathogens of ENT infections, the dynamics of the formation of microbial resistance to dioxidine. 11 reference strains and 9 clinical strains of microorganisms were used in the study: Streptococcus spp., Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus luteus, Haemophilus influenzae, Acinetobacter pittii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antimicrobial activity of preparations against planktonic cultures was determined by serial dilution in broth and spot method on solid nutrient media, against biofilms by the applicator method. The dynamics of dioxidine resistance formation was studied by passaging cultures in a liquid nutrient medium with increasing concentrations of antiseptic. Based on the study, it was found that Dioxidin showed antimicrobial activity against plankton cells of all strains (MBC=0.08-5 mg/ml), except S. pyogenes SN345 (MBC>5 mg/ml), inhibited the growth of formed biofilms (MBC=0.08-2.5 mg/ml) of all strains except S. pyogenes SN345 (MBC>5 mg/ml). The drug «Nosolin-ultra, nasal drops» was highly active against plankton cells (MBC=0.04-0.63 mg/ml) and biofilms (MBC=0.02-0.31 mg/ml) of gram-negative bacteria, except A. pittii (MBC>2.5 mg/ml), less active against plankton cells (MBC=1.25-2.5 mg/ml) and biofilms (MBC=0.02-0.31 mg/ml) of gram-positive bacteria and C. albicans. One strain (S. aureus) formed a variant resistant to dioxidine at a concentration of 20 mg/ml, which exceeded the concentration of dioxidine in the complex preparation; other strains (P. aeruginosa, K. pneumoniae, C. albicans) did not form such variants. The data obtained indicate that the drug «Nosolin-ultra, nasal drops» can be effectively used against most pathogens of ENT infections. It is worth noting that with prolonged use of the drug for some types of ENT pathogens in the future, a slight decrease in effectiveness may be noted.
DETERMINAN SOLVABILITAS DANA TABARRU’ PADA PERUSAHAAN ASURANSI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Lestari Iis Indah , Mukhibad Hasan
Published: April 2020

Abstract

Solvency of tabarru’ funds can indicate a company's ability to pay obligations Islamic insurance claims payments to the participants or policyholders. Related to this, the Financial Services Authority has set a minimum limit of solvency margin tabarru’ funds which amounted to 30% which must be fulfilled by Islamic insurance companies. However, there are three Islamic insurance companies that have a solvency tabarru’ funds under the terms of at least 30%, such as PT Asuransi Astra Buana, Takaful Protection Jaya and PT Tugu Pratama Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of firm size, type of company, Retakaful premiums, investment, wealth available to qardh, and operating expenses to fund solvency tabarru on Islamic insurance company in Indonesia. The population in this study was Islamic insurance company over registered at the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in the year 2013-2018. By using purposive sampling techniques, sample end of the study amounted to 14 mining companies with 84 units of analysis. Meanwhile, the analysis used descriptive statistical analysis and panel regression analysis with Eviews 9. The results showed that the return on investment and wealth available to qardh positive and significant impact on the solvency of  tabarru’ fund. Variable size of company, type of company, Retakaful premiums, and operating expenses partially have no effect on the solvency of the tabarru’ fund.
Presentación
Authors: Vaillant Denise
Published: April 2020

Este nuevo número de Cuadernos de Investigación Educativa recoge aportes de diversos contextos y ámbitos, que esperamos sean de interés para investigadores, tomadores de decisiones, docentes y estudiantes comprometidos con el estudio de la realidad educativa.
Una panorámica de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en Uruguay
Authors: Murillo F. Javier , Graña Oliver Raquel
Published: April 2020

Este trabajo busca profundizar en el conocimiento de la segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico en Uruguay, con dos miradas específicas: una a Montevideo y otra a la aportación de las escuelas públicas y privadas. Para ello se realiza una explotación especial de la base de datos del Programa de Evaluación Nacional de Logros Educativos Aristas 2017 desarrollado por el Instituto Nacional de Evaluación Educativa de Uruguay. La muestra, por tanto, está constituida por 15.356 estudiantes de 247 escuelas. En primer lugar, se estima la segregación con los 6 índices más habituales: Disimilitud (ID), Gorard (IG), Raíz Cuadrada (IH), Aislamiento (A), Brecha por Centiles (CGI) e índice Inclusión socioeconómica (IIS). También se estiman los perfiles de segregación y, por último, se analiza la descomposición de la segregación en escuelas públicas y privadas, todo ello tanto para Uruguay en general como para Montevideo en particular. Los resultados apuntan a que Uruguay tiene una segregación escolar por nivel socioeconómico promedio de 0,56 (ID), 0,46 (IG), 0,31 (IA), 0,43 (IH), 0,42 (CGI) y 0,53 (IIS), lo cual puede ser considerado como alto. Asimismo se halló que la segregación presenta valores medio-bajos para los estudiantes de familias con menos nivel socioeconómico y muy alto para los de más nivel. El análisis de la segregación en escuelas públicas y privadas apunta a una muy alta concentración de estudiantes de mayor nivel socioeconómico en las escuelas privadas. No se han detectado diferencias importantes en el estudio de Montevideo. La principal conclusión de este estudio es que Uruguay debe tomar medidas para limitar la segregación escolar de los estudiantes con mayores recursos, asegurando la equidad también en las escuelas privadas.
ELENA DE WHITE Y LA "MEDIA HORA DE SILENCIO EN EL CIELO"
Authors: Cortes Maicol Alejandro
Published: April 2020

La “media hora de silencio en el cielo” ha sido el foco de distintas interpretaciones en la Iglesia Adventista del Séptimo Día, en algunos casos debido a declaraciones tomadas de los escritos de Elena de White y aplicadas por el lector al texto de Apocalipsis 8:1. Este estudio explora las citas de Elena de White usadas en la interpretación de este complejo pasaje. Estas citas serán evaluadas por separado a la luz de la exégesis bíblica, analizando palabras clave de la narrativa. Todo esto para responder a la pregunta ¿Pueden los textos de Elena de White ser usados en la interpretación de Ap 8:1? Esta investigación determina que dichos textos, no pueden ser usados para explicar Ap 8:1. Ya que la exégesis bíblica concluye que el séptimo sello debe ser visto como un evento posterior a la parusía—probablemente el milenio. Jesús abre este último sello en el cielo (morada de Dios), lo que genera un silencio de expectación atmosférico (tierra en su conjunto). Por otra parte, la “media hora” no puede ser explicada a través del principio de “día por año”. Por ello, este debe ser interpretado como un tiempo breve relacionado al juicio de los impíos.
A Diálise Peritoneal na Actual Crise Pandémica: Uma Oportunidade de Reflexão
Authors: Domingos Ana , Guedes Anabela Malho , Neves Pedro Leão
Published: April 2020

N/a.
The Pathophysiology of Virulence of the COVID-19
Authors: De Soto Joseph , Hakim Shazia , Boyd Frederick
Published: April 2020

Background: On Dec 19, 2019, the public health department of China reported that an outbreak of pneumonia was caused by a novel Coronavirus. The virulence of the new virus COVID-19 was much greater than either the SARs and MERSs viruses and on March 11, 2020, the World Health Department (WHO) declared a worldwide pandemic. Understanding the pathophysiology of virulence of the SARS-COV-2 virus is absolutely necessary for understanding the transmission, virulence factors, reduce risk factors, clinical presentation, predict outcomes of the disease and provide guidance for any current or future treatment protocols. Methodology: A comprehensive PubMed search was performed during December 20, 2019 and April 03, 2020, utilizing the words: Wuhan Virus, COVID-19, SARs coronavirus, ACE2, S-protein, virulence, clinical presentation, epidemiology, genome, treatment, structure, MERs, pathogenesis and/or pathology alone and in combination with other terms. Each paper was evaluated by three content experts for quality, reproducibility, credibility and reputation of the journal. Results: The SARS-COV-2 virus is much more virulent than either the SAR’s or MER’s virus and its ability to cause serious disease inversely corresponds to the person’s ability to produce T-cells which declines linearly with age. The ACE2 receptor binding site does not vary among different ethnic groups but do in ACE-2 expression levels. This variance in expression level may explain for different infectivity rates among men and women and predict and explain different susceptibilities to infection by different ethnic groups. Furthermore, by understanding the underlying pathophysiology one can explain and provide guidance to the clinical effectiveness of any treatment. Conclusions: The underlying pathophysiology of COVID-19 explains not only the virulence, and clinical presentation, but, explains at a molecular level the comorbidity risk factors such as hypertension, sex, and age. Ethnic and anatomic expression patterns of ACE-2 and associated pathophysiology suggests that Native Americans and Asians may be particularly susceptible to this disease.
Prevalence of COVID-19: A Look behind the Scenes
Authors: Haj Bloukh Samir , Shaikh Annis A. , Pathan Habib M. , Edis Zehra
Published: April 2020

Mankind faces a coronavirus pandemic originating from a seafood market in Wuhan, China since December 2019. The pathogen was named novel coronavirus (n-CoV) and bats are the identified key reservoir. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quickly spread over China across the globe, turned into a pandemic with exponentially increasing numbers of cases and significant mortality rate. China reacted with lockdowns and strict control measurements to prevent spreading the virus. The treatment of severe cases was hampered by lack of specific vaccines. Vaccine-development and production is a painstaking process and can only be enforced by international cooperation. Different supportive treatment options surfaced due to combinations of antiviral agents with antibiotic drugs. Elderly, male, immune-suppressed patients with co-morbidities showed a high mortality rate. Health literacy, strong immune system, adequate serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) concentrations and healthy life style choices can support fast recovery. Antibiotic resistance needs to be addressed by development of new generation antimicrobials against nosocomial infections in preparation for future outbreaks. Plant-biosynthesis of nanomaterials and antiseptics may help in prevention and recovery rate. Prevalence of COVID-19 maybe inversely related to BCG vaccination, endemicity of malaria, humidy and temperature but directly with latitude. Recommendations to prevent the spread of COVID-19 should be followed strictly.
Medical Basis for Increased Susceptibility of COVID-19 among the Navajo and other Indigenous Tribes
Authors: De Soto Joseph , Hakim Shazia
Published: April 2020

Introduction The COVID-19 virus was initially reported in Dec 2019 as the causative agent of a pneumonia breakout in Wuhan China. This virus rapidly spread from China to Europe and the East Coast of the United States eventually reaching the South West United States and indigenous tribes in mid -March. Since, then the indigenous tribes have been devasted by the virus which the Governor of New Mexico has likened as an existential threat. Methodology A PubMed search was performed utilizing the words: Navajo Indian, Indigenous Indian, Wuhan Virus, COVID-19, SARs coronavirus, ACE2, S protein, virulence, clinical presentation, epidemiology, genome, treatment, structure, MERs, pathogenesis and/or pathology alone and in combination with other terms. Each paper was evaluated by three content experts for quality, reproducibility, credibility and reputation of the journal Results: Navajo’s and other indigenous peoples may have elevated levels of ACE2 receptors in their lungs and other tissues allowing greater susceptibility to the COVID-19 virus. Increased levels of diabetes and protein nutrition are directly related to increased morbidity and mortality in this group while obesity, COPD, and heart diseas are not. The increased morbidity and mortality is exasperated by an inability to test for COVID-19 Conclusion: The infectivity rate of Navaho’s on the reservation is 22 times higher than the national average with a death rate near 4%. Comorbidites account for some of the increased morbidity and mortality while lack of access to adequate health care unnecessarily magnifies the poor outcome. The threat to indigenous tribes in the Southwest of COVID-19 is dire.
Walking Speed is the Sole Determinant of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Japanese Patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Machii Noritaka , Kudo Akihiro , Saito Haruka , Tanabe Hayato , Iwasaki Mariko , Hirai Hiroyuki , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Shimabukuro Michio
Published: April 2020

Diabetes is a risk factor for mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia. However, how the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetic patients with MCI are linked to sarcopenia and/or its criterion remain to be elucidated. Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized into the MCI group for MoCA-J (the Japanese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment) score <26, and into the non-MCI group for MoCA-J ≥26. Sarcopenia was defined by a low skeletal mass index along with low muscle strength (handgrip strength) or low physical performance (walking speed <1.0 m/s). Univariate and multivariate-adjusted odds ratio models were used to determine the independent contributors for MoCA-J <26. Among 438 participants, 221 (50.5%) and 217 (49.5%) comprised the non-MCI and MCI groups, respectively. In the MCI group, age (61 ± 12 vs. 71 ± 10 years, p < 0.01) and duration of diabetes (14 ± 9 vs. 17 ± 9 years, p < 0.01) were higher than those in the non-MCI group. Patients in the MCI group exhibited lower hand grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal mass index, but higher prevalence of sarcopenia. Only walking speed (rather than muscle loss or muscle weakness) was found to be an independent determinant of MCI after adjusting for multiple factors, such as age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, drinking, eGFR, HbA1c, and history of coronary heart diseases and stroke. In subgroup analysis, a group consisting of male patients aged ≥65 years, with BMI <25, showed a significant OR for walking speed. This is the first study to show that slow walking speed is a sole determinant for the presence of MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes. It was suggested that walking speed is an important factor in the prediction and prevention of MCI development in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Socio-economic Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Smallholder Livelihoods in Zimbabwe
Authors: Mhlanga David , Ndhlovu Emmanuel
Published: April 2020

The article revisits previous viruses such as Ebola to extrapolate the socio-economic implications of the COVID-19. Using secondary sources and the Sustainable Livelihoods Framework (SLF) to guide understanding, the article argues that unless measures are put in place to safeguard smallholder activities in Zimbabwe, COVID-19 has the potential to reproduce the same catastrophic implications created by Ebola in West African countries where peasant food systems where shattered and livelihoods strategies maimed. With a perceptible withdrawal of the government from small-scale farming towards large-scale capital intensive operations, smallholders could now be even more vulnerable. The article concludes that social assistance should now be intensified to protect its vulnerable population from the ravages of COVID-19.
Differentially-Charged Phospholipids Interact with Alphaherpesviruses and Interfere with Virus Entry
Authors: Kolyvushko Oleksandr , Latzke Juliane , Dahmani Ismail , Osterrieder Nikolaus , Chiantia Salvatore , Azab Walid
Published: April 2020

Exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane is induced by infection with several members of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. There is evidence that PS is used by the equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) during entry, but the exact role of PS and other phospholipids in the entry process remains unknown. Here, we investigated the interaction of differently charged phospholipids with virus particles and determined their influence on infection. Our data show that liposomes containing negatively charged PS or positively charged DOTAP [N-[1-(2,3-Dioleoyloxy)propyl]-N,N,N-trimethylammonium)] inhibited EHV-1 infection, while neutral phosphatidylcholine (PC) had no effect. Inhibition of infection with PS was transient, decreased with time, and was dose dependent. Our findings indicate that both cationic and anionic phospholipids can interact with the virus and reduce infectivity, while acting through different mechanisms. Charged phospholipids were found to have antiviral effects and can may be used to inhibit EHV-1 infection.
Optimization and Characterization of Protein Nanoparticles for the Targeted and Smart Delivery of Cytochrome c to Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma
Authors: Barcelo-Bovea Vanessa , Dominguez-Martinez Irivette , Joaquin-Ovalle Freisa , Amador Luis A. , Castro-Rivera Elizabeth , Medina-Alvarez Kristofer , McGoron Anthony , Griebenow Kai , Ferrer-Acosta Yancy
Published: April 2020

The delivery of Cytochrome c (Cyt c) to the cytosol stimulates apoptosis in cells were its release from mitochondria and apoptosis induction is inhibited. We developed a drug delivery system consisting of Cyt c nanoparticles decorated with folate-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid)-thiol (FA-PEG-PLGA-SH) to deliver Cyt c into cancer cells and test their targeting in the Lewis Lung Carcinoma (LLC) mouse model. Cyt c-PLGA-PEG-FA nanoparticles (NPs) of 253 ± 55 and 354 ± 11 nm were obtained by Cyt c nanoprecipitation, followed by surface decoration with the co-polymer SH-PLGA-PEG-FA, and compared to a nanoparticle-free formulation. Overexpression of FA in LLC cells and internalization of Cyt c-PLGA-PEG-FA nanoparticles (NPs) was confirmed by confocal microscopy. Caspase activation assays show NPs retain 88-96% Cyt c activity. The NP formulations were more efficient in decreasing LLC cell viability than the NP-free formulation, with IC50: 49.2 to 70.1 μg/ml versus 129.5 μg/ml, respectively. Our NP system is thrice as selective towards cancerous than normal cells. In-vivo studies using tagged nanoparticles show accumulation in mouse LLC tumor 5 min post-injection. In conclusion, our NP delivery system for Cyt c shows superiority over the NP-free formulation and reaches a folic acid-overexpressing tumor in an immune-competent animal model.
The Non-Tragedy of the Non-Linear Commons
Authors: Archetti Marco , Scheuring István , Yu Douglas
Published: April 2020

Public goods are produced at all levels of the biological hierarchy, from the secretion of diffusible molecules by cells to social interactions in humans. However, the cooperation needed to produce public goods is vulnerable to exploitation by free-riders — the Tragedy of the Commons. The dominant solution to this problem of collective action is that some form of positive assortment (due to kinship or spatial structure) or of enforcement (reward and punishment) is necessary for public-goods cooperation to evolve. However, these solutions are only needed when individual contributions to the public good accrue linearly, and the assumption of linearity is never true in biology. We explain how cooperation for nonlinearpublic goods is maintained endogenously and does not require positive assortment or enforcement, and we review the considerable empirical evidence for the existence and maintenance of nonlinear public goods in biology. We argue that it is time to move beyond discussions about assortment and enforcement in the study of cooperation in biology.
Compounding Health Risks and Increased Vulnerability to SARS-CoV-2 for Racial and Ethnic Minorities and Low Socioeconomic Status Individuals in the United States
Authors: Myers Elise M.
Published: April 2020

Recent clinical SARS-CoV-2 studies link diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension to increased disease severity. In the US, racial and ethnic minorities and low socioeconomic status (SES) individuals are more likely to have increased rates of these comorbidities, lower baseline health, limited access to care, increased perceived discrimination, and limited resources, all of which increase their vulnerability to severe disease and poor health outcomes from SARS-CoV-2. Previous studies demonstrated the disproportionate impact of pandemic and seasonal influenza on these populations, due to these risk factors. This paper reviews increased health risks and documented health disparities of racial and ethnic minorities and low SES individuals in the US. Pandemic response must prioritize these marginalized communities to minimize the negative, disproportionate impacts of SARS-CoV-2 on them and manage spread throughout the entire population. This paper concludes with recommendations applicable to healthcare facilities and public officials at various government levels.
Sensitivity of Stomate Size in Red Maple (Acer rubrum L.) Trees in Deciduous Forests to Urban Conditions
Authors: McDermot Covel R. , D'Amico Vince , Trammell Tara
Published: April 2020

Environmental conditions, such as temperature, carbon dioxide, and nutrient availability, are altered by urban conditions at regional scales with potential for impact on tree leaf structure. Our goal was to compare leaf morphological characteristics driven by physiological acclimation in red maple (Acer rubrum L.) trees in deciduous forests embedded in a small (Newark, DE) and a large (Philadelphia, PA) city. The study was conducted in six urban forests on eighteen mature red maple trees in a long-term urban forest network. We hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will have a thicker upper epidermal layer, spongy palisade and mesophyll layer, longer and wider stomates, and lower stomate density. Additionally, we hypothesized that red maples in Philadelphia forests compared to Newark forests will have lower leaf water content and specific leaf area, and greater leaf thickness, fresh leaf weight, dry leaf weight, and leaf dry matter content. Our results for stomate length and stomate width supported our predictions; red maple leaves had longer and wider stomates in Philadelphia forests than in Newark forests. The increased stomate size in red maple trees suggests potential altered gas exchange behavior and mutual abiotic stress mitigation responses in red maple to greater urbanization impacts in Philadelphia forests. This supports previous findings of possible physiological and biochemical acclimation of red maple trees to urban conditions. Furthermore, the findings from this study suggest red maple trees may be a good biomonitor of regional scale impacts in urban environments.
Alternative Multidisciplinary Management Options for Locally Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic
Authors: Kumar Sameera , Chmura Steven , Robinson Clifford , Lin Steven H. , Gadgeel Shirish M. , Donington Jessica , Feliciano Josephine , Stinchcombe Thomas E. , Werner-Wasik Maria , Edelman Martin J. , Moghanaki Drew
Published: April 2020

Importance: The COVID-19 pandemic is currently accelerating. Patients with locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC) may require treatment in locations where resources are limited and the prevalence of infection is high. Patients with LA-NSCLC frequently present with comorbidities that increase the risk for severe morbidity and mortality from COVID-19. These risks may be further increased by treatments for LA-NSCLC. Observation: We present expert thoracic oncology multidisciplinary (radiation oncology, medical oncology, surgical oncology) consensus of alternative strategies for the treatment of LA-NSCLC during a pandemic. The overarching goals of these approaches are to reduce the number of visits to a healthcare facility, reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 exposure, and attenuate the immunocompromising effects of lung cancer therapies. Patients with resectable disease can be treated with definitive non-operative management if surgical resources are limited or the risks of perioperative care are high. Non-operative options include chemotherapy, chemoimmunotherapy, and radiation therapy with sequential schedules. The order of treatments may be based on patient factors and clinical resources. Whenever radiation therapy is delivered without concurrent chemotherapy, hypofractionated schedules are appropriate. For patients who are confirmed to have COVID-19, usually cancer therapies may be withheld until symptoms have resolved with negative viral test results. Conclusions and Relevance: The risk of severe treatment-related morbidity and mortality is significantly elevated for patients undergoing treatment for LA-NSCLC during the COVID-19 pandemic. Adapting alternative treatment strategies as quickly as possible may save lives and should be implemented through communication with the multidisciplinary cancer team.