bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sentiment Analysis - Interview Transcripts
Authors: Parmar Manojkumar , Maturi Bhanurekha , Dutt Jhuma Mallik , Phate Hrushikesh
Published: July 2018

One-on-one interviews and the analysis of their transcripts is the most common way researchers get into depth to obtain detailed insights. These insights are highly subjective and lack objectivity. We demonstrate in this paper a method and a use case to bring objectivity to this analysis. We present the use of NLP to generate sentiment analysis and perform various quantitative techniques. This analysis is useful in deriving insights by finding patterns and building a simple linear model to explain the variation in sentiment pattern. We also present a view about the usage of this technique for the effective and optimal time usage by researchers to learn maximum from outlier interviews.
The Political Economy of Data Production
Authors: Kerner Andrew , Crabtree Charles
Published: July 2018

Abstract: Cross-national macroeconomic statistics are nearly ubiquitous in international relations and comparative politics research. While we know that these data can only bemeasured with error, our reliance on them implies a belief that those errors are random, or, at a minimum, unrelated to the political phenomena we use them to understand. Butthat is implausible. Measuring the economy is largely a state function, and the political-economic backdrop against which it occurs inherently shapes it. The implicit belief thatthe politics of data production are inconsequential to political science research should be scrutinized. We examine this belief using a newly available dataset of ex post revisions to World Development Indicators data, with a particular focus on GDP growth statistics. We find that revisions to these data reveal a form of measurement error that is both consequential—simple political economy relationships vary substantially depending on which version of the data is used—and systematic. We focus particularly on the IMF’s role in the political economy of data production, but our analysis reveals other political factors that inform the scale and direction of ex post revisions.
The Illusion of Depth of Understanding in Science
Authors: Ylikoski Petri
Published: July 2018

Philosophers of science have a long tradition of making a connection between explanation and understanding, but only lately have they started to give the latter notion a substantial role in their theories. In this chapter I will employ a well-known scientific research heuristic of studying how something works by focusing on circumstances in which it does not work. Rather than trying to describe what scientific understanding would ideally look like, I will try to learn something about it by looking at mundane cases where understanding is partly illusory. The main thesis of this paper will be the following: scientists are prone to the illusion of depth of understanding (IDU), and as a consequence, they sometimes overestimate the detail, coherence, and depth of their understanding. I will start my argument by presenting an analysis of the notion of understanding and its relation to a sense of understanding. In order to make plausible the claim that these are often disconnected, I will describe an interesting series of psychological experiments by Frank Keil and co-authors. These experiments suggest that ordinary people routinely overestimate the depth of their understanding. In Section 3, I will argue that we should take seriously the possibility that scientific cognition is also affected by IDU. Section 4 will spell out some possible causes of explanatory illusions in science. In the final section, I will discuss how scientific explanatory practices could be improved and how the philosophy of science might be able to contribute to this process.
“Do Not Cross Your Legs:” Islamic Sociability, Reciprocity and Brotherhood in Turkey
Authors: Vicini Fabio
Published: July 2018

Based on intense fieldwork inside on Islamic community in Istanbul, the paper explores the way Islamic sociability forms structure daily interactions and foster connectedeness into religious brotherhood herein. In a counterweight to what I see as an excess of emphasis that recent trends in the Anthropology of Islam have put on notions of Islamic discipline and ethical self-fashioning, I offer an alternative perspective from which to look at how devout Muslims experience Islam and come to inhabit particular conceptions of self and personhood.
Intellectual Property and Biotechnology: Biological Inventions
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: July 2018

BookRimmer, Matthew (2008) Intellectual Property and Biotechnology: Biological Inventions. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham, UK, and Northampton, MA, USA.
A Hierarchy Model of Income Distribution
Authors: Fix Blair
Published: July 2018

Based on worldly experience, most people would agree that firms are hierarchically organized, and that pay tends to increase as one moves up the hierarchy. But how this hierarchical structure affects income distribution has not been widely studied. To remedy this situation, this paper presents a new model of income distribution that explores the effects of social hierarchy. This 'hierarchy model' takes the limited available evidence on the structure of firm hierarchies, and generalizes it to create a large-scale simulation of the hierarchical structure of the United States economy. Using this model, I conduct the first quantitative investigation of hierarchy's effect on income distribution. I find that hierarchy plays a dominant role in shaping the tail of US income distribution. The model suggests that hierarchy is responsible for generating the power-law scaling of top incomes. Moreover, I find that hierarchy can be used to unify the study of personal and functional income distribution, as well as to understand historical trends in income inequality.
How The Legacy of Slavery Has Survived: A Mechanism through Labor Market Institutions and Human Capital
Authors: Jung Yeonha
Published: July 2018

In spite of sizable qualitative literature on the long-run legacy of slavery, its robust evidence and convincing mechanism have not been established. This research evaluates the legacy of slavery on long-run development and its detailed mechanism which consists of two key factors, labor market institutions and human capital structure. Using county-level data of the U.S. South and exploiting exogenous variation in ecological conditions, I show that slavery has had persistent negative impact on economic development through the human capital structure. To explain the link between slavery and human capital, I find from complete count census data in 1940 that the legacy of slavery impeded integration of black workers into the competitive labor market which accordingly reduced the incentives of blacks to invest in human capital. In addition, evidence from the progressive Era along the border counties shows that the legacy of slavery on the labor market was operated through selective enforcement of labor market regulations. Lastly, I present the roles of racial wage discrimination and selective migration which reinforced persistence of the mechanism.
Familialist poverty regulation : the case of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme in the Northeast region of Brazil
Authors: Eiró Flávio
Published: July 2018

This thesis’ object is the poverty regulation in Brazil within the framework of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme, a conditional cash transfer social policy assembling several elements of the debate and the experience of poverty in Brazil. This work explains how the mechanisms of poverty regulation interact with local citizenship practices. In effect, the access of the poor to social rights and the exercise of their political rights are both object of a process of regulation by family values in a context of strong social inequalities. Beyond the fact that social assistance depends on family organisation, the implementation of the ‘Bolsa Família’ Programme is based on informal rules, reflecting the dominant social representations of poverty in Brazil. In addition, the allocation of social benefits depends in part on personalised rapports between the programme’s beneficiaries and political candidates and elected representatives. This work is based on a case study in the Northeast region of Brazil—in a middle-sized municipality of the Ceará state. An ethnographic approach allowed the identification of the logic of operation of a political machine involving social assistance, elected officials, social workers and beneficiaries. More generally, this thesis examines the interactions between the poor and the society as a whole, from a local perspective of contemporary issues of poverty regulation and contributes to the study of the political and electoral use of social assistance.
The Demographic Consequences of Assisted Reproductive Technologies
Authors: Präg Patrick , Mills Melinda C. , Tanturri Maria Letizia , Monden Christiaan Willem Simon , Pison Gilles
Published: July 2018

The use of assisted reproductive technology (ART) is widespread, with an estimated five million ART-conceived children born now worldwide. Despite this marked increase in the use of ART, little is known about the demographic consequences. We explore several dimensions of demographic consequences of ART. The proportion of ART-conceived babies varies greatly across countries, and our analyses suggest that ART costs, policies and regulations, and national norms and values are core determinants of these differences. Based on a review of the literature, we conclude that ART has a negligible impact on national fertility rates, thereby suggesting that it is not an effective policy instrument to counter low fertility. Furthermore, we show that the recent increase in twin births in Europe can be attributed to ART usage. A case study of Italy reveals that ART mothers were more likely to deliver prematurely, even when controlling for maternal age.
Glaube und Zweifel - Ontologische Kontrapunkte des menschlichen Bewußtseins
Authors: Braun Artur
Published: July 2018

Die Wissenschaft gilt als die rationalste unter den Disziplinen geistiger Tätigkeit und umfaßt die Schaffung von Wissen im engeren wörtlichen Sinne und die Erlangung von Erkenntnis im weiteren Sinne.Insbesondere die Naturwissenschaften gelten in der Allgemeinheit, in der Bevölkerung als über alle Zweifel erhaben. Gleichenorts ist der Zweifel mit einer unbestritten negativen Konnotation behaftet.Ich möchte in diesem Aufsatz den Zweifelsbegriff rehabilitieren.
Is your store open? The importance of business-government communication in hazard events
Authors: Atkinson Christopher L.
Published: July 2018

This brief article focuses on the flow of information between business, government, and the public, preceding and in the aftermath of a hazard event, focusing on the intersection of the public, government, and business/industry. Drawing from practical understanding obtained during the 2017 hurricane season, comparisons and best practices are detailed, and points of additional discussion raised, with the hope that knowledge may be shared and that communities can become more aware of the critical need to keep information flowing between public and private interests, for the good of all concerned.
Embedding Citizen Science in Research: Forms of engagement, scientific output and values for science, policy and society
Authors: Kasperowski Dick , Kullenberg Christopher , Mäkitalo Åsa
Published: July 2018

This paper addresses emerging forms of Citizen Science (Citizen Science), and discusses their value for science, policy and society. It clarifies how the term Citizen Science is used and identifies different forms of Citizen Science. This is important, since with blurred distinctions there is a risk of both overrating and underestimating the value of Citizen Science and of misinterpreting what makes a significant contribution to scientific endeavour.The paper identifies three main forms of citizen science 1) Citizen Science as a research method, aiming for scientific output, 2) Citizen Science as public engagement, aiming to establish legitimacy for science and science policy in society, and, 3) Citizen Science as civic mobilization, aiming for legal or political influence in relation to specific issues. In terms of scientific output, the first form of Citizen Science exceeds the others in terms of scientific peer-reviewed articles. These projects build on strict protocols and rules for participation and rely on mass inclusion to secure the quality of contributions. Volunteers are invited to pursue very delimited tasks, defined by the scientists.The value of the three distinct forms of Citizen Science –for science, for policy and for society, is discussed to situate Citizen Science in relation to current policy initiatives in Europe and in the US. In quantitative terms the US, and particularly the NSF have so far taken a lead in allocating research funding to Citizen Science projects (primarily of the first form), however, the White House has recently issued a memorandum addressing societal and scientific challenges through citizen science covering all three forms discussed in this paper. As Citizen Science is currently being launched as a way to change the very landscape of science, important gaps in research are identified and policy recommendations are provided, in order for policy makers to be able to assess and anticipate the value of different forms of Citizen Science with regard to future research policy.
The Authentic Appeal of the Lying Demagogue: Proclaiming the Deeper Truth About Political Illigitimacy
Authors: Hahl Oliver , Kim Minjae , Zuckerman Sivan Ezra W.
Published: July 2018

We develop and test a theory to address a puzzling pattern that has been discussed widely since the 2016 U.S. presidential election: that a constituency of voters can find a candidate “authentically appealing” (i.e., view him positively as authentic) even though he is a “lying demagogue” (someone who deliberately tells lies and appeals to non-normative private prejudices). Key to the theory are two points: (a) that “common knowledge” lies may be understood as flagrant violations of the norm of truth-telling; and (b) that when a political system is suffering from a “crisis of legitimacy” (Lipset 1959) with respect to at least one political constituency, members of that constituency will be motivated to see a flagrant violator of established norms as an authentic champion of its interests. Two online vignette experiments on a simulated college election support our theory. These results demonstrate that mere partisanship is insufficient to explain sharp differences in how lying demagoguery is perceived, and that several oft-discussed factors—information-access, culture, language, and gender—are not necessary for explaining such differences. Rather, for the lying demagogue to have authentic appeal, it is sufficient that one side of a social divide regards the political system as flawed or illegitimate.
The Unruly, the Mut(ilat)ed, the Ailing: Corporeality as a Space of Subversion in J. M. Coetzee’s Fiction
Authors: Studies AWEJ-tls for Translation & Literary , Abdaoui Kamel
Published: July 2018

This paper addresses corporeality as a space of subversion to hegemonic discourses in J. M. Coetzee’s fiction. The body is not only elusive to representation but it is also entrusted with a certain degree of authority that allows it to contravene the systems of normalization imposed by dominant discourse. The paper tends to appropriate poststructuralism and postcolonialism as its main theoretical grid to argue that corporeality in Coetzee’s novels is deployed as a fluid construct that offers a space of interaction between subjectivities beyond the rigid contours of discursive representation. In Dusklands, the clear-cut demarcations erect between the Self and the Other often blur and disintegrate while facing the permeability and extensiveness of the body. In Waiting for the Barbarians and Foe, however, the mutilated and silenced body of the Other is presented as a space of resistance to the Empire’s attempts to inscribe its statement of powerviolently. It is only the diseased body of Mrs. Curren, in Age of Iron, which transforms into an intersubjective space of reciprocity between Self and Other that is capable of overcoming the fixed barriers between subjects. Being an active site of contestation between subjectivities, the textual construction of corporeality in Coetzee's aforementioned novels offers creative opportunities of becoming and grants an imaginative understanding of otherness outside the limits of the logic of binarism encapsulated in colonial and imperialist discourses.
Greek Hip Hop: Local and Translocal Authentication in the Restricted Field of Production
Authors: Elafros Athena
Published: July 2018

This paper illustrates how hip hop practitioners in Athens, Greece legitimate hip hop asan authentic musical form within the restricted field of cultural production. First, this paperoutlines how fields of cultural production operate. Second, this paper illustrates how the data forthis project was collected. Third, this paper highlights how past and current struggles within thefield shape how authenticity is defined. Fourth, this paper highlights the discursive techniquesused by hip hop practitioners to position rap music as aesthetically superior to the commerciallysuccessful genres of new wave laika, 'hip pop,' corporate American hip hop and Greek pop. Fifth,I illustrate how hip hop practitioners use two competing processes of aesthetic legitimation: localauthentication and translocal authentication, within the restricted field of cultural production.Finally, I conclude with some suggested avenues for future research.Sent from Mail for Windows 10
Culture is a meritocracy: Why creative workers’ attitudes may reinforce social inequality
Authors: Taylor Mark
Published: July 2018

This article investigates attitudes towards inequality among creativeworkers. In the UK, there is considerable public interest in access tocreative jobs, and a concern that these jobs are limited to those fromprivileged backgrounds. Moreover, both inequalities in cultural work andthe attitudes of cultural workers have been important areas of study forexisting research. Based on a web survey (N=2487), thisarticle investigates attitudes among creative workers, and finds that thecharacteristics that are most consistently associated with success bycreative workers are hard work and ambition, rather than structuralfactors, such privileged social origins, gender or ethnicity. Usingprincipal components analysis and regression, we show that there are threemain factors related to getting ahead, associated with reproduction,meritocracy, and education, and we show that those in the most privilegedpositions – broadly, the highest-paid white non-disabled men – are thosemost likely to deny an account of success in the creative industries associated with cultural reproduction. Weconclude that the attitudes held by creative workers, and who holds whichattitudes, make it unlikely that access to the sector and trajectories ofindividual progression within the sector will change.This paper has been submitted to a journal for consideration.
Informal urban green space: Residents’ perception, use, and management preferences across four major Japanese shrinking cities
Authors: Rupprecht Christoph David Dietfried
Published: July 2018

Urban residents’ health depends on green infrastructure to cope with climate change. Shrinking cities could utilize vacant land to provide more green space, but declining tax revenues preclude new park development – a situation pronounced in Japan, where some cities are projected to shrink by over ten percent, but lack green space. Could informal urban green spaces (IGS; vacant lots, street verges, brownfields etc.) supplement parks in shrinking cities? This study analyzes residents’ perception, use, and management preferences (management goals, approaches to participatory management, willingness to participate) for IGS using a large, representative online survey (n=1,000) across four major shrinking Japanese cities: Sapporo, Nagano, Kyoto and Kitakyushu. Results show that residents saw IGS as a common element of the urban landscape and their daily lives, but their evaluation was mixed. Recreation and urban agriculture were preferred to redevelopment and non-management. For participative management, residents saw a need for the city administration to mediate usage and liability, and expected an improved appearance, but emphasized the need for financial and non-financial support. A small but significant minority (~10%) were willing to participate in management activities. On this basis, eight principles for participatory informal green space planning are proposed.
Who are the people in my neighborhood?: The 'contextual fallacy' of measuring individual context with census geographies
Authors: Fowler Christopher S. , Spielman Seth , Folch David C. , Nagle Nicholas
Published: July 2018

Scholars deploy census-based measures of neighborhood context throughout the social sciences and epidemiology. Decades of research confirm that variation in how individuals are aggregated into geographic units to create variables that control for social, economic or political contexts can dramatically alter analyses. While most researchers are aware of the problem, they have lacked the tools to determine its magnitude in the literature and in their own projects. By using confidential access to the complete 2010 U.S. Decennial Census, we are able to construct-for all persons in the US-individual-specific contexts, which we group according to the Census-assigned block, block group, and tract. We compare these individual-specific measures to the published statistics at each scale, and we then determine the magnitude of variation in context for an individual with respect to the published measures using a simple statistic, the standard deviation of individual context (SDIC). For three key measures (percent Black, percent Hispanic, and Entropy-a measure of ethno-racial diversity), we find that block-level Census statistics frequently do not capture the actual context of individuals within them. More problematic, we uncover systematic spatial patterns in the contextual variables at all three scales. Finally, we show that within-unit variation is greater in some parts of the country than in others. We publish county-level estimates of the SDIC statistics that enable scholars to assess whether mis-specification in context variables is likely to alter analytic findings when measured at any of the three common Census units.
Mapping the Temples of Cyborgism: Exploring the Numinous Potential of Replicants in Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner
Authors: Oman-Reagan Michael P.
Published: July 2018

Description:I wrote this in 2007 as a student trying to think about Blade Runner through both religious studies and anthropology. An updated version is in progress.Excerpt:"By threatening binary systems and insisting on an identity of plurality, replicants and cyborgs are granted access to a sanctuary in which they can interface with the numinous place of origin; the place Jenna Tiitsman describes as the chaotic “territory of creation.” The following analysis is a journey of exploration to mapthe cyborg sanctuaries in that chaotic territory of Tiitsman’s “creative becoming.” This expedition will explore the web of shared conversation between discourse in three regions: investigation into human reactions to robot humanness, relational ordering of religious experience, and the capacity of cyborgs to access the numinous.At the intersection of these cognitive spaces emergent from the “territory of creation” are conceptual-crossroads where cyborgs mediate access to the supernatural. To situate these emergent conceptual-crossroads within more familiar cognitive spaces with supernatural access, I will refer to them as the temples of cyborgism."Keywords: Blade Runner, cyborg, uncanny valley, numinous, creation, supernatural.Please cite as:Oman-Regan, Michael P. 2007. "Mapping the Temples of Cyborgism: Exploring the Numinous Potential of Replicants in Ridley Scott’s Blade Runner." Manuscript. SocArXiv, Open Science Framework. https://osf.io/preprints/socarxiv/vwa79
Social conditions of outstanding contributions to computer science : a prosopography of Turing Award laureates (1966-2016)
Authors: Akmut Camille
Published: July 2018

The Turing Award, commonly described as computer science's highest award and equivalent of the Nobel prize in that discipline, has now been awarded for half a century. In the following, we describe the social regularities that underlie and the conditions that embed these high achievements in computer science innovation. We find, contrary to a meritocratic ideal of one's only abilities determining success or recognition within sciences, that several characteristics of scientists, exogenous and non-exogenous alike to their scientific work and identities, are of overbearing or disproportionate importance in defining academic acknowledgement. We find in particular that nationality or birth place, gender and one's network have a big role in making Turing Award laureates. As do social origins, with a significant portion of Turing Award winners coming primarily from middle- and upper-class family backgrounds, especially households with significant cultural capital i.e. one or both parents hold an advanced degree or are engaged in an academic profession). Reviewing the data before us, we were also unable to ignore the non-participation of visible minorities and non-white computer scientists to the body of Turing Award recipients. In short, place of birth, nationality, gender, social background, "race" and networks play a role in making Turing Award laureates. This paper also explores the ways in which a social history or sociology of computer science and the wider technology sector may unfold in the future, by discussing theoretical implications, methods and sources.
The Politics of Acculturation: Female Genital Cutting and the Challenge of Building Multicultural Democracies
Authors: Wade Lisa
Published: July 2018

Understanding how the idea of culture is mobilized in discursive contests is crucial for both theorizing and building multicultural democracies. To investigate this, I analyze a debate over whether we should relieve the “cultural need” for infibulation among immigrants by offering a “nick” in U.S. hospitals. Using interviews, newspaper coverage, and primary documents, I show that physicians and opponents of the procedure with contrasting models of culture disagreed on whether it represented cultural change. Opponents argued that the “nick” was fairly described as “female genital mutilation” and symbolically identical to more extensive cutting. Using a reified model, they imagined Somalis to be “culture-bound”; the adoption of a “nick” was simply a move from one genital cutting procedure to another. Unable to envision meaningful cultural adaptation, and presupposing the incompatibility of multiculturalism and feminism, they supported forced assimilation. Physicians, drawing on a dynamic model of culture, believed that adoption of the “nick” was meaningful cultural change, but overly idealized their ability to protect Somali girls from both Somali and U.S. patriarchy. Unduly confident, they failed to take oppression seriously, dismissing relevant constituencies and their concerns.
Performance of Players and Data Quality in a Citizen Science Casual Game
Authors: Stankovic Igor , Camps María Postigo , Sánchez Daniel Cuadrado , Oroz Miguel A . Luengo - , Ponti Marisa
Published: July 2018

Background: Citizen science games are a type of Games with a Purpose (GWAPs), whose aim is to harness the skills of volunteers for solving scientific problems or contributing to action projects, where citizens intervene in social concerns. Employing games to collect data, classify images or even solve major scientific problems is a relatively new but growing phenomenon in citizen science. A main concern in citizen science is to ensure data quality. As games can be seen as having adverse effects on data quality, it is important to understand how citizen scientists produce data using games, how accurate this data can be, and whether and how games influence data quality. Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of individual players’ data quality in MalariaSpot, a citizen science casual game in which volunteers are tasked with detecting parasites in digitized blood sample images.Methods: We used descriptive statistics to analyze a subset of the gameplays recorded and stored in the MalariaSpot database, comparing its clicks to the Gold Standard position of the parasites. This subset includes 15,546 gameplays played over 38 known images that correspond to 97,200 clicks from 1,278 different players. Gameplays have been played via the Android and iOS applications and via the web version of the game. Images were acquired in three different locations and therefore sample preparation have been done by different lab technicians. Two distinct technologies were used for sample digitalization.Results: The overall values for sensibility, specificity, and accuracy of the individual gameplays for the 38 images are 0.82, 0.60, and 0.29 respectively. High presence of parasites in an image makes it easier for players to detect them as their structures tend to look alike and can be compared. Being a simple casual game, the learning curve is very fast and after few minutes, players attend their typical performance level. Data quality is considerably lower in images acquired with mobile phones coupled to the microscope ocular compared to those digitized with standardized digitalization technologies. Conclusions: The results indicate that data quality is influenced by the game, the technologies for image digitalization and the sampling preparation.
The contact hypothesis re-evaluated
Authors: Paluck Elizabeth Levy , Green Seth Ariel , Green Don
Published: July 2018

This paper evaluates the state of contact hypothesis research from a policy perspective. Building on Pettigrew and Tropp’s (2006) influential meta-analysis, we assemble all intergroup contact studies that feature random assignment and delayed outcome measures, of which there are 27 in total, nearly two-thirds of which were published following the original review. We find the evidence from this updated dataset to be consistent with Pettigrew and Tropp’s (2006) conclusion that contact “typically reduces prejudice." At the same time, our meta-analysis suggests that contact’s effects vary, with interventions directed at ethnic or racial prejudice generating substantially weaker effects. Moreover, our inventory of relevant studies reveals important gaps, most notably the absence of studies addressing adults’ racial or ethnic prejudice, an important limitation for both theory and policy. We also call attention to the lack of research that systematically investigates the scope conditions suggested by Allport (1954) under which contact is most influential. We conclude that these gaps in contact research must be addressed empirically before this hypothesis can reliably guide policy.
Goldilocks and the South China Sea: Why Vietnam is Hedging Against a Rising China
Authors: REYNOLDS ANDREW KENNETH
Published: July 2018

When Richard Samuels raised the prospect of a ‘Goldilocks Consensus’ in regardsto Japan’s relationship vis à vis China, he was positing the idea that Japan shouldhedge. Samuels identified a need for Japan to grow stronger whilst avoiding growingsufficiently powerful as to pose a threat to China, while simultaneously positioningitself not too close and not too far from the United States, its security guarantor. Inshort, Japan should aim to get the relationship ‘just right’, hence the faerie—taleanalogy. Moving further south within Asia, an examination of the evolvingrelationship between Vietnam and China shows this is precisely the strategy Vietnamis adopting vis à vis China, albeit within an entirely different security dynamic. Inessence, Vietnam's hedging strategy, comprising what Goh has defined as a form of“triangular politics” between Vietnam, China and the United States, is a strategypredicated on working for the best whilst preparing for the worst. It is a strategythat seeks to combine a mixture of balancing, containment, engagement andenmeshment as a form of insurance against an uncertain strategic future.This paper will argue that, due to Thayer’s “tyranny of geography’ – whereVietnam's shared northern continental border and their long snaking eastern littoralcoastline bordering the South China Sea have inevitably thrown Vietnam's andChina's interests together – Vietnam is more threatened by China's rise than anyother regional state. As Goh states, “the tyranny of geography renders the twocountries strategic rivals.” Consequently, as China continues to rise, this paperargues that Vietnam will increasingly seek to hedge with the United States,increasing military and security ties with the western hegemon as part of a nuancedstrategy, which also includes engagement with China (particularly through growingtrade and economic ties); which seeks to enmesh China in multilateral institutionswithin the regional security architecture; and which seeks to strengthen its ownsecurity position through a program of military modernisation and selective militaryexpansion. This nuanced strategy we shall call hedging.
Greenwashing the Trans-Pacific Partnership: Fossil fuels, the environment, and climate change
Authors: Rimmer Matthew
Published: July 2018

Refereed Journal ArticleRimmer, Matthew (2016) Greenwashing the Trans-Pacific Partnership: Fossil fuels, the environment, and climate change. Santa Clara Journal of International Law, 14(2), pp. 488-542.
Ideology over Strategy: Extending Voting Rights to Felons and Ex-Felons, 1966-1992
Authors: Burkhardt Brett C
Published: July 2018

Published as: Burkhardt, Brett C. 2011. “Ideology over Strategy: Extending Voting Rights to Felons and Ex-Felons, 1966–1992.” The Social Science Journal 48(2):356–63. (http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.soscij.2010.11.001)
Feminism and the Future of Library Discovery
Authors: Bourg Chris
Published: July 2018

This paper discusses the various ways in which the practices of libraries and librarians influence the diversity (or lackthereof) of scholarship and information access. We examine some of the cultural biases inherent in both libraryclassification systems and newer forms of information access like Google search algorithms, and propose ways ofrecognizing bias and applying feminist principles in the design of information services for scholars, particularly as librariesreinventthemselves to grapple with digital collections.
Is subjective knowledge the key to fostering Sustainable behavior? Mixed evidence from an education intervention in Mexico.
Authors: Redman Aaron
Published: July 2018

Educational interventions are a promising way to shift individual behaviorstowards Sustainability. Yet as this research confirms, the standard fare ofeducation, declarative knowledge, does not work. This study statisticallyanalyzes the impact of an intervention designed and implemented in Mexicousing the *Educating for Sustainability (EfS) *framework which focuses onimparting procedural and subjective knowledge about waste throughinnovative pedagogy. Using data from three different rounds of surveys wewere able to confirm 1) the importance of subjective and proceduralknowledge for Sustainable behavior in a new context, 2) the effectivenessof the *EfS* framework and 3) the importance of *changing* subjectiveknowledge for changing behavior. Yet, while the impact was significant inthe short term, one year later most if not all of those gains hadevaporated. Interventions targeted at subjective knowledge will work, butmore research is needed on how to make behavior change for Sustainabilitydurable.
The Othering of Muslims: Discourses of Radicalization in the New York Times, 1969-2014
Authors: Silva Derek M.D.
Published: July 2018

In this paper, I engage with Edward Said’s Orientalism and various perspectives within the othering paradigm to analyze the emergence and transformation of radicalization discourses in news media. Employing discourse analysis of 607 New York Times articles from 1969 to 2014, this paper demonstrates that radicalization discourses are not new, but are the result of complex socio-linguistic and historical developments that cannot be reduced to dominant contemporary understandings of the concept or to singular events or crises. The news articles were then compared to 850 government documents, speeches, and official communications. The analysis of the data indicates that media conceptualizations of radicalization, which once denoted political and economic differences, have now shifted to overwhelmingly focus on Islam. As such, radicalization discourse now evokes the construct radicalization as symbolic marker of conflict between the West and the East. I also advanced the established notion that news media employ strategic discursive strategies that contribute to conceptual distinctions that are used to construct Muslims as an ‘alien other’ to the West.
Career Paths and Prospects in Academic Data Science: Report of the Moore-Sloan Data Science Environments Survey
Authors: Geiger R. Stuart , Cabasse Charlotte , Cullens Chihoko Y. , Norén Laura , Fiore-Gartland Brittany , Das Diya , Brady Henry
Published: July 2018

This report is based on a 2016 survey of members and affiliates of three institutes of data science at major U.S. research universities, focusing on career paths for data scientists within academia. After considering how our respondents define data science, we identify various activities, priorities, resources, and concerns around data science in academia, especially with respect to data science careers. We end by providing recommendations about how universities can better support an emerging set of roles and responsibilities around data and computation within and across academic fields.
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Authors: Deljoo Amir
Published: July 2018

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Teaching Foundational Data Skills in the Library
Authors: Beauchamp Adam , Murray Christine
Published: July 2018

In Databrarianship: The Academic Data Librarian in Theory and Practice, edited by Linda Kellam and Kristi Thompson. Chicago: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2015.Undergraduate students often struggle when asked to locate, evaluate, and use data in their research, and librarians have an opportunity to support them as they learn data literacy skills. Much of the literature on data librarianship in this area focuses on data reference services, but there is a lack of scholarship and guidance on how to translate data reference expertise into effective teaching strategies. In this chapter, the authors will bridge that gap between data reference and information literacy instruction.
To Err is Algorithm: Algorithmic fallibility and economic organisation
Authors: Mateos-Garcia Juan
Published: July 2018

Algorithmic decision-making systems based on artificial intelligence and machine learning are enabling unprecedented levels of personalisation, recommendation and matching. Unfortunately, these systems are fallible, and their failures have costs. I develop a formal model of algorithmic decision-making and its supervision to explore the trade- offs between more (algorithm-facilitated) beneficial deci- sions and more (algorithm-caused) costly errors. The model highlights the importance of algorithm accuracy and human supervision in high-stakes environments where the costs of error are high, and shows how decreasing returns to scale in algorithmic accuracy, increasing incentives to ’game’ popular algorithms, and cost inflation in human supervision might constrain optimal levels of algorithmic decision-making.
Collateral Damage: The Health Effects of Invasive Police Encounters in New York City
Authors: Sewell Alyasah Ali
Published: July 2018

In the 1990s New York City widened the surveillance reign of the criminal justice system to include minor offenses. One aspect of this public policy is a procedure known as Terry stops, which involves police temporarily detaining persons who may be acting criminally. While only a small percentage of these stops result in arrest, warrants, or the recovery of illegal materials, a sizeable portion become physically invasive (i.e., involve body searches and use of force). The health effects of invasive policing practices for the community at-large are unknown. Using microlevel health data from 2009-2012 NYC Community Health Survey nested within mesolevel data from the 2009-2012 NYC Stop, Question, and Frisk dataset, this study employs multilevel mixed effects models to evaluate contextual and ethnoracially-variant associations between invasive aspects of Terry stops and multiple dimensions of illness (poor/fair health, diabetes, high blood pressure, asthma episodes, body weight). Terry stops are, in fact, associated with worse health. The most consistent Terry measures associated with illness is the likelihood that stops will result in frisking. More limited deleterious effects can be attributed to the likelihood that stops will result in use of force and to minority-to-white ratios of frisk and use of force. The health effects of Terry stops vary by ethnoracial group in complex ways. For instance, the minority-to-white frisking ratio and the likelihood that stops will involve use of force increase certain dimensions of illness for minorities; meanwhile, the minority-to-white use of force ratio reduces the likelihood of diabetes for Blacks.-Abigail A. Sewell, Ph.D.Assistant ProfessorDepartment of SociologyEmory University1555 Dickey Dr.Atlanta, GA 30322Vice Provost's Postdoctoral FellowPopulation Studies CenterUniversity of Pennsylvania3718 Locust Walk239 McNeil BuildingPhiladelphia, PA 191014Email: abigail.a.sewell@emory.eduWebsite: www.abigailasewell.com________________________________This e-mail message (including any attachments) is for the sole use ofthe intended recipient(s) and may contain confidential and privilegedinformation. If the reader of this message is not the intendedrecipient, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distributionor copying of this message (including any attachments) is strictlyprohibited.If you have received this message in error, please contactthe sender by reply e-mail message and destroy all copies of theoriginal message (including attachments).
Journal of the History of Economic Thought Preprints - A.J. Brown, 'Phillips’ Curve', and Economic Networks in the 1950s
Authors: Button Kenneth John
Published: July 2018

This paper is concerned with examining the role of the English economist Arthur (A.J.) Brown in the 1950s debate surrounding the wage-change unemployment relationship. While the publication of William (Bill) Phillips’ 1958 paper, and the subsequent moniker of the “Phillips Curve” attracted a wealth of attention, Brown’s book on the subject, The Great Inflation, and his later work on inflation, has received much less. Here the focus is on redressing somewhat this situation by looking at Brown’s work to see how much it predates Phillips’ paper, and what differences there are to it. We also considers this within the changing institutional structure of English economic networks in the 1950s that led to a relatively rapid acceptance of Phillips’ analysis, and in many cases, to a strong, ordinal interpretation of the Phillips Curve that overshadowed Brown’s work.
Chefs Know More than Just Recipes: Professional Vision in a Citizen Science Game
Authors: Ponti Marisa , Stankovic Igor , Barendregt Wolmet , Kestemont Bruno , Bain Lyn
Published: July 2018

The main purpose of this study is to investigate players’ professional vision and interpret their use of recipes during their gameplay. The main research question is: What do players observe and do when they use recipes in their gameplay? To address this question, we examined the choices made by players solving two different kinds of puzzles, a beginner’s puzzle and an advanced one. Specifically, we studied when, how and why the players ran recipes when solving the puzzles, and what actions those recipes performed in the gameplay.
Returns to work following retirement in Germany, Russia, and the United Kingdom
Authors: Platts Loretta G. , Glaser Karen
Published: July 2018

Most unretirement research has focussed on single countries, indicating that socio-economic advantage and financial need predict unretirement in particular settings. Remarkably, little is known about whether the frequency and predictors of unretirement—returning to paid work after ceasing work at retirement—vary in relation to the country setting. We followed recent retirees over time in Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom to compare unretirement rates and predictors, and whether financial need predicted unretirement in a middle-income setting rather than in a high-income setting. We harmonized data ex post from four prospective surveys: German Socio-Economic Panel Study (1991–2016), Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (1994–2016) and, for the United Kingdom, British Household Panel Survey (1991–2008) and Understanding Society (2010–2015). Unretirement was examined using Cox regression in relation to gender, age, education, health, household income and financial difficulties. After 20 years of follow-up, the cumulative hazard of unretirement attained 0.20 in German, 0.24 in British and 0.40 in Russian participants. Unretirement rates were generally higher for retirees who were younger, in better health and had higher household income. Worries about finances did not predict unretirement in Russia; such concerns predicted higher unretirement rates only in fully adjusted models in Germany and the United Kingdom. Since retirees in financial need may have difficulties finding suitable jobs, unretirement is a process with the potential to deepen financial inequality in later life. Variations in unretirement rates and predictors across countries demonstrate the importance of extending unretirement research to incorporate a cross-national comparative perspective.
Scholar Mirrors: Integrating evidence of impact from multiple sources into one platform to expedite researcher evaluation
Authors: Martín-Martín Alberto , Orduna-Malea Enrique , López-Cózar Emilio Delgado
Published: July 2018

This paper describes the creation of “Scholar Mirrors”, a prototype web application that aims to provide a quick but accurate representation of the situation of a scientific discipline by integrating data from multiple online platforms. We chose the discipline of Bibliometrics / Scientometrics as a case study. After carrying out a series of keywords searches in Google Scholar Citations (GSC) and Google Scholar (GS), 813 relevant researchers were identified. Researchers were further classified as core (those who work mainly on Scientometrics) or related (those who work in other disciplines, with occasional incursions into Scientometrics). Additional information about these researchers was collected from other platforms (ResearcherID, ResearchGate, Mendeley, and Twitter). Up to 28 author-level indicators were collected about each researcher, as well as data about up to 100 of the most cited documents displayed in their GSC profile. The document-level data from all GSC profiles, as well as the data extracted from the keyword searchers in GS, was aggregated to create a list of the top 1000 most cited documents in the discipline. This document collection was further processed to generate a list of the most influential journals and publishers in the discipline. The results are accessible from the “Scholar Mirrors” website, which presents the results in four sections: authors, documents, journals, and book publishers. Lastly, the paper presents the main features of the web application, and the main limitations and future challenges of the product.