bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovative Approaches to Improve COVID-19 Case Investigation and Contact Tracing Among Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants: Lessons Learned from a Newly Established National Resource Center
Authors: Mann Erin M. , Weinberg Michelle , Dawson-Hahn Elizabeth , Clarke Sarah K. , Olmsted Madison , Bertelsen Nathan , Arun Ridhi , Keaveney Megan , Miko Shanna , Kircher Amy , Pendleton Anna E. , Hendel-Paterson Brett , Prasad Shailendra , Stauffer William M.
Published: June 2023

Effective COVID-19 case investigation and contact tracing (CICT) among refugee, immigrant, and migrant (RIM) communities requires innovative approaches to address linguistic, cultural and community specific preferences. The National Resource Center for Refugees, Immigrants, and Migrants (NRC-RIM) is a CDC-funded initiative to support state and local health departments with COVID-19 response among RIM communities, including CICT. This note from the field will describe NRC-RIM and initial outcomes and lessons learned, including the use of human-centered design to develop health messaging around COVID-19 CICT; training developed for case investigators, contact tracers, and other public health professionals working with RIM community members; and promising practices and other resources related to COVID-19 CICT among RIM communities that have been implemented by health departments, health systems, or community-based organizations.
Scaling of the Clustering Function in Spatial Inhomogeneous Random Graphs
Authors: van der Hofstad Remco , van der Hoorn Pim , Maitra Neeladri
Published: June 2023

We consider an infinite spatial inhomogeneous random graph model with an integrable connection kernel that interpolates nicely between existing spatial random graph models. Key examples are versions of the weight-dependent random connection model, the infinite geometric inhomogeneous random graph, and the age-based random connection model. These infinite models arise as the local limit of the corresponding finite models. For these models we identify the asymptotics of the local clustering as a function of the degree of the root in different regimes in a unified way. We show that the scaling exhibits phase transitions as the interpolation parameter moves across different regimes. This allows us to draw conclusions on the geometry of a typical triangle contributing to the clustering in the different regimes.
Understanding the Predictors of Low Take-Up of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC): A Nationwide Longitudinal Study
Authors: Guan Alice , Batra Akansha , Seligman Hilary , Hamad Rita
Published: June 2023

Introduction

The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is among the largest U.S. social safety net programs. Although strong evidence exists regarding the benefits of WIC, take-up (i.e., participation among eligible individuals) has steadily declined in the past decade. This study addresses gaps in our knowledge regarding predictors of WIC take-up during this time.

Methods

Data were drawn from the 1998–2017 waves of the National Health Interview Study (NHIS), a serial cross-sectional study of the U.S. population. The analytic sample included 23,645 children and 10,297 women eligible for WIC based on self-reported demographic characteristics. To investigate predictors of WIC take-up, we regressed self-reported WIC receipt on a range of individual-level predictors (e.g., age, nativity, income) and state- level predictors (e.g., unemployment rate, governor’s political affiliation) using multivariable logistic regression. In secondary analyses, results were additionally stratified by race/ethnicity, time period, and age (for children).

Results

For both women and children, older maternal age and higher educational attainment were associated with decreased take-up of WIC. Associations differed by race/ethnicity, time period, and state characteristics including caseload of other social programs (e.g., Medicaid).

Discussion

Our study identifies groups that are less likely to take up WIC benefits for which they are eligible, thereby contributing important evidence to inform programs and policies to increase WIC participation among groups with lower take-up. As WIC evolves past the COVID-19 pandemic, special attention will be needed to ensure that resources to encourage and support the participation of racially and economically marginalized individuals are equitably distributed.
Wastewater early warning system for SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks and variants in a Coruña, Spain
Authors: Trigo-Tasende Noelia , Vallejo Juan A. , Rumbo-Feal Soraya , Conde-Pérez Kelly , Vaamonde Manuel , López-Oriona Ángel , Barbeito Inés , Nasser-Ali Mohammed , Reif Rubén , Rodiño-Janeiro Bruno K. , Fernández-Álvarez Elisa , Iglesias-Corrás Iago , Freire Borja , Tarrío-Saavedra Javier , Tomás Laura , Gallego-García Pilar , Posada David , Bou Germán , López-de-Ullibarri Ignacio , Cao Ricardo , Ladra Susana , Poza Margarita
Published: June 2023

Wastewater-based epidemiology has been widely used as a cost-effective method for tracking the COVID-19 pandemic at the community level. Here we describe COVIDBENS, a wastewater surveillance program running from June 2020 to March 2022 in the wastewater treatment plant of Bens in A Coruña (Spain). The main goal of this work was to provide an effective early warning tool based in wastewater epidemiology to help in decision-making at both the social and public health levels. RT-qPCR procedures and Illumina sequencing were used to weekly monitor the viral load and to detect SARS-CoV-2 mutations in wastewater, respectively. In addition, own statistical models were applied to estimate the real number of infected people and the frequency of each emerging variant circulating in the community, which considerable improved the surveillance strategy. Our analysis detected 6 viral load waves in A Coruña with concentrations between 103 and 106 SARS-CoV-2 RNA copies/L. Our system was able to anticipate community outbreaks during the pandemic with 8–36 days in advance with respect to clinical reports and, to detect the emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants in A Coruña such as Alpha (B.1.1.7), Delta (B.1.617.2), and Omicron (B.1.1.529 and BA.2) in wastewater with 42, 30, and 27 days, respectively, before the health system did. Data generated here helped local authorities and health managers to give a faster and more efficient response to the pandemic situation, and also allowed important industrial companies to adapt their production to each situation. The wastewater-based epidemiology program developed in our metropolitan area of A Coruña (Spain) during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic served as a powerful early warning system combining statistical models with mutations and viral load monitoring in wastewater over time.
Having a Partner or Living with a Partner: Differences in Life Satisfaction and Mental Health
Authors: Evans Ann , Gray Edith , Reimondos Anna
Published: June 2023

Using longitudinal data from Australia we compare the wellbeing effects of transitions both into and out relationships, using two different measures of wellbeing: life satisfaction and mental health. We distinguish between the formation, and ending of, three different types of relationships across three years: Living-apart-together (LAT), cohabitations, and marriages. For those in LAT relationships, we find they are quite distinct from other ‘single’ people. Starting, or ending, a LAT relationship has a significant impact on an individual’s wellbeing. We also find that transitions into relationships, and transitions out of relationships, do not have equivalent effects. Generally, moving from a relationship to being single had a more significant negative impact on life satisfaction and mental health, than moving into a relationship had a positive impact. These findings suggest that having an intimate partner, even one who is not co-resident, is related to higher levels of wellbeing compared to having no partner.
“Stop crying your heart out”: how failed founders can use emotional failure narratives
Authors: Spieth Patrick , Klusmann Christian D. , Klein Sascha
Published: June 2023

Failed founders experience very intense emotions resulting from their entrepreneurial failure. Since many founders are not discouraged by failure and consider founding a subsequent startup, the need to deal with the stigma attached to failed founders. Applying an experimental research design, this study investigates how failed founders can use emotional failure narratives to approach potential co-founders for their subsequent venture project. We demonstrate that the use of failure narratives that contain both negative and positive emotions lead to higher perceived attractiveness of a failed founder’s new startup attempt among potential co-founders than either purely negative or positive emotional failure narratives.
Geometric Reliability of Super-Resolution Reconstructed Images from Clinical Fetal MRI in the Second Trimester
Authors: Ciceri Tommaso , Squarcina Letizia , Pigoni Alessandro , Ferro Adele , Montano Florian , Bertoldo Alessandra , Persico Nicola , Boito Simona , Triulzi Fabio Maria , Conte Giorgio , Brambilla Paolo , Peruzzo Denis
Published: June 2023

Fetal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an important noninvasive diagnostic tool to characterize the central nervous system (CNS) development, significantly contributing to pregnancy management. In clinical practice, fetal MRI of the brain includes the acquisition of fast anatomical sequences over different planes on which several biometric measurements are manually extracted. Recently, modern toolkits use the acquired two-dimensional (2D) images to reconstruct a Super-Resolution (SR) isotropic volume of the brain, enabling three-dimensional (3D) analysis of the fetal CNS.

We analyzed 17 fetal MR exams performed in the second trimester, including orthogonal T2-weighted (T2w) Turbo Spin Echo (TSE) and balanced Fast Field Echo (b-FFE) sequences. For each subject and type of sequence, three distinct high-resolution volumes were reconstructed via NiftyMIC, MIALSRTK, and SVRTK toolkits. Fifteen biometric measurements were assessed both on the acquired 2D images and SR reconstructed volumes, and compared using Passing-Bablok regression, Bland-Altman plot analysis, and statistical tests.

Results indicate that NiftyMIC and MIALSRTK provide reliable SR reconstructed volumes, suitable for biometric assessments. NiftyMIC also improves the operator intraclass correlation coefficient on the quantitative biometric measures with respect to the acquired 2D images. In addition, TSE sequences lead to more robust fetal brain reconstructions against intensity artifacts compared to b-FFE sequences, despite the latter exhibiting more defined anatomical details.

Our findings strengthen the adoption of automatic toolkits for fetal brain reconstructions to perform biometry evaluations of fetal brain development over common clinical MR at an early pregnancy stage.
A semi-supervised coarse-to-fine approach with bayesian optimization for lithology identification
Authors: Xie Yunxin , Jin Liangyu , Zhu Chenyang , Wu Siyu
Published: June 2023

Lithology identification is critical in the interpretation of well-logging data for petroleum exploration and development. However, the limited availability of labeled well-logging data for machine learning model training can lead to compromised accuracy in lithology classification models. Here, we propose a semi-supervised lithology identification model to overcome this challenge. Our framework consists of Bayesian optimization for tuning ensemble algorithms, including random forest, gradient boosting decision tree, extremely randomized trees, and adaptive boosting, to establish a high-quality baseline model for semi-supervised learning. We also employ a self-training strategy to increase the number of labeled samples in the training set and use the predicted label with the highest confidence as a pseudo-label to reduce the accumulation of deviation caused by incorrect pseudo-labels. Our semi-supervised coarse-to-fine framework improves rock classification accuracy, particularly for sandstone. Testing our model on well-logging data from two real regions, we found that the ExtraRF-based semi-supervised model in the HGF area performs the best, with a maximum classification accuracy of 91.6$$\%$$
%
, which is 5$$\%$$
%
higher than the original coarse-to-fine model without using Bayesian optimization and pseudo-labeling techniques.
Correction of systematic errors in electronic performance and tracking systems
Authors: Schmid Marc , Lames Martin
Published: June 2023

Electronic performance and tracking systems are becoming a standard in many sports to automate data collection and gather more profound insights into performance and game dynamics. In large soccer clubs and federations, the problem is that different electronic performance and tracking systems report different kinematic parameters and performance indicators, which should be the same. Furthermore, a drawback in recent validation studies is the subdivision of speed and acceleration zones in validating the systems, as we show that the kinematic parameters are interdependent. We propose a new method to classify multidimensional validation outputs with a clustering approach. Additionally, we offer a data-driven strategy to reduce errors between distinct systems when data from different electronic performance and tracking systems are compared and show the method’s effectiveness with data collected in a validation study. This error reduction strategy can be applied to correct errors when no validation data is available.
Brief interviews with hideous stone: a glimpse into the butchery site of Isernia La Pineta — a combined technological and use-wear approach on the lithic tools to evaluate the function of a Lower Palaeolithic context
Authors: Carpentieri Marco , Berruti Gabriele L. F. , Titton Stefania , Arzarello Marta , Peretto Carlo
Published: June 2023

The onset of the Middle Pleistocene (780 ka) in the European continent is associated with significant environmental variations (Middle Pleistocene Revolution), innovative behavioural strategies (bifacial productions, land-use patterns, raw material management) and a global increase in the archaeological evidence from 600 ka onward. Whether these changes are related to the rise of the Acheulean, the informative potential carried by these contexts is currently being explored through multidisciplinary approaches, allowing us to infer the role of these sites and the type of activities conducted. From this perspective, the Italian peninsula is a hot spot to compare the different technical behaviours and strategies human groups employ, given its crucial geographic location and solid archaeological record, both culturally and functionally speaking (the presence of sites with and without bifaces and core-and-flake assemblages). The site of Isernia La Pineta (590 ka), offering a rich lithic and faunal record, is an excellent case to join together the lithic technological study (i.e. “cultural” and technical tradition) with the functional analysis (i.e. activities conducted and exploited materials). Here, we present the result of the combined approach of these two disciplines on flint assemblages from layers t.3a and t.3coll. The new data will be discussed within the chrono-cultural framework of the Middle Pleistocene Revolution, linking the degree of complexity of the lithic production of Isernia with its function as a butchery site.
AMG-510 and cisplatin combination increases antitumor effect in lung adenocarcinoma with mutation of KRAS G12C: a preclinical and translational research
Authors: Wu Lei-Lei , Jiang Wen-Mei , Liu Zhi-Yuan , Zhang Yi-Yi , Qian Jia-Yi , Liu Yu’e , Huang Yang-Yu , Li Kun , Li Zhi-Xin , Ma Guo-Wei , Xie Dong
Published: June 2023

Background

The efficacy of monotherapy of AMG-510 is limited. This study explored whether the AMG-510 and cisplatin combination increases the anti-tumor effect in lung adenocarcinoma with the mutation of Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) G12C.

Methods

Patients’ data were used to analyze the proportion of KRAS G12C mutation. Besides, the next-generation sequencing data was used to uncover information about co-mutations. The cell viability assay, the concentration inhibiting 50% of cell viability (IC50) determination, colony formation, and cell-derived xenografts were conducted to explore the anti-tumor effect of AMG-510, Cisplatin, and their combination in vivo. The bioinformatic analysis was conducted to reveal the potential mechanism of drug combination with improved anticancer effect.

Results

The proportion of KRAS mutation was 2.2% (11/495). In this cohort with KRAS mutation, the proportion of G12D was higher than others. Besides, KRAS G12A mutated tumors had the likelihood of concurrent serine/threonine kinase 11 (STK11) and kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (KEAP1) mutations. KRAS G12C and tumor protein p53 (TP53) mutations could appear at the same time. In addition, KRAS G12D mutations and C-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1) rearrangement were likely to be present in one tumor simultaneously. When the two drugs were combined, the respective IC50 values were lower than when used alone. In addition, there was a minimum number of clones among all wells in the drug combination. In in vivo experiments, the tumor size reduction in the drug combination group was more than twice that of the single drug group (p < 0.05). The differential expression genes were enriched in the pathways of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) signaling and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteoglycans compared the combination group to the control group.

Conclusions

The anticancer effect of the drug combination was confirmed to be better than monotherapy in vitro and in vivo. The results of this study may provide some information for the plan of neoadjuvant therapy and the design of clinical trials for lung adenocarcinoma patients with KRAS G12C mutation.
Investigation on the interactions of resinous and asphaltenic synthetic oils and silicon oxide nanoparticles stabilized by different ionic liquid-based surfactants: interfacial tension and wettability alteration studies
Authors: Dahham Nawfal Adnan , Abbood Nabeel K. , Hosseini Seyednooroldin , Golab Elias Ghaleh
Published: June 2023

The effects of the main components of crude oil, especially resin and asphaltene fractions, are essential concerns for efficient enhanced oil recovery (EOR) processes, especially during chemical injection processes. This importance comes from the nature of these two fractions which can act as surface active agents with undeniable effects on the used chemical for interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability alteration. In this way, the effect of silicon oxide nanoparticles (SiO2-NPs) concomitant with two ionic liquids (ILs), namely 1-dodecyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C12mim][Cl]) and 1-octadecyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride ([C18mim][Cl]), is investigated on the wettability alteration and IFT reduction using synthetic oils prepared by dissolving the extracted resin and asphaltene fractions with a concentration of 1–5 wt%. The measurements reveal that the effect of resin fraction is less than the asphaltene fraction for IFT reduction and wettability alteration. The sole presence of resin fraction reduces the IFT from 35.3 to 28.3 mN/m as the concentration is increased from 1 to 5 wt%, while a similar increase in the asphaltene fraction concentration reduces the IFT from 35.5 to 19.1 mN/m. Besides, the results reveal that the presence of [C12mim][Cl] in the range of 0–1000 ppm leads to a reduction in IFT from its maximum value of 35.3 to 0.81 mN/m, while in the case of [C18mim][Cl] with similar concentration variation, IFT is reduced from 35.3 to 0.7 which means the better effect of IL with longer chain length on the IFT reduction. Further analysis revealed that the effect of asphaltene fraction on the IFT is higher than resin fraction since the minimum IFT value was observed for [C18mim][Cl] with the value of 0.58 mN/m, while the contact angle (CA) values revealed revers effect for asphaltene fraction compared with the resin fraction. In general, regardless of the used IL, it seems that ILs leading to better wettability conditions which are crucial for EOR purposes and even better IFT values that can mobilize the trapped oil toward production points. Besides, further measurements revealed a positive effect of SiO2-NPs concomitant with the ILs to move the wettability toward the strongly water-wet condition with CA values of 29.2° and 28.3° for SiO2-NPs concentration of 1000 ppm and 1000 ppm of concentration for [C12mim][Cl] and [C18mim][Cl], respectively, for resinous synthetic oil (RSO) (5 wt%) while no meaningful effect regarding the SiO2-NPs presence at the different concentrations (100–2000 ppm) is found on the IFT reduction. A similar trend is observed for asphaltenic synthetic oil (5 wt%)/aqueous solution (SiO2-NPs with a concentration of 1000 ppm + ILs with a concentration of 1000 ppm) which reduces the CA to 26.3° and 37.8° for [C12mim][Cl] and [C18mim][Cl]), respectively.
Aspergillus flavus biomass catalytic lipid modification: optimization of cultivation conditions
Authors: Elhussiny Nadeem I. , El-Refai Heba A. , Mohamed Sayeda S. , Shetaia Yousseria M. , Amin Hala A. , Klöck Gerd
Published: June 2023

Standardization of the cultivation conditions is crucial for producing fungal biomass with effective whole-cell catalytic activity. Aspergillus flavus mutant was optimized for biomass transesterification and hydrolysis of waste frying oil (WFO) as a substrate. The glucose-polypeptone medium was selected among other culture media as the primary medium for the optimization of submerged cultivation. Biomass lipolytic activities and growth of A. flavus were higher under shaking conditions compared to static conditions, and 200 rpm was optimum. Olive oil was superior to soybean, rapeseed, and waste frying oils as biomass lipase and transesterification activities inducer. Replacing glucose with sugar cane molasses enhanced the growth but inhibited the biomass lipolytic capabilities. Urea improved the biomass lipolytic capabilities as an N-source feedstock compared to corn-steep liquor and whey. Plackett Burman screening of 9 factors showed that KH2PO4 (0.1–0.9 %, w/v), urea (0.1–1.3 %, w/v), and glucose (0.5–3.5 %, w/v) concentrations were significant factors with the highest main effect estimates 38.45, −19.04, and 11.82, respectively. These factors were selected for response surface methodology (RSM) optimization using central composite design (CCD). CCD models for growth, biomass lipase activity, and transesterification capability were significant, with R2 values of 0.93, 0.91, and 0.95, respectively. The optimum concentrations for growth and biomass transesterification capability were glucose (4.5 %, w/v), urea (0.7 %, w/v), and KH2PO4 (0.9 %, w/v), and those for lipase activity of the biomass were glucose (4.4 %, w/v), urea (0.7 %, w/v), and KH2PO4 (2.1 %, w/v).
Sabotage, Collusion, and Being a Feeder: Towards a New Model of Negative Social Support and Its Impact on Weight Management
Authors: Ogden Jane , Quirke-McFarlane Sophia
Published: June 2023

Purpose of Review

Whilst research indicates the positive impact of social support across a number of health domains, including weight management, not all social support is beneficial.

Recent Findings

This paper reviews the evidence for both positive and negative social support in the context of behavioural interventions and surgery for obesity. It then presents a new model of negative social support focusing on sabotage (‘active and intentional undermining of another person’s weight goals’), feeding behaviour (‘explicit over feeding of someone when they are not hungry or wishing not to eat’), and collusion (‘passive and benign negative social support to avoid conflict’) which can be conceptualised within the context of relationships as systems and the mechanisms of homeostasis.

Summary

There is increasing evidence for the negative impact of social support. This new model could form the basis of further research and the development of interventions for family, friends, and partners to maximise weight loss outcomes.
Assessment of first language adds important information to the diagnosis of language disorders in multilingual children
Authors: Schmid Carolin , Reinisch Eva , Klier Claudia , Eisenwort Brigitte
Published: June 2023

Objective

59% of Viennese day care children have a first language other than German. Lower proficiency in the second language German might be typical in multilingual settings, but might also be due to language disorder (ICD-10:F80 or comorbid). Diagnostic practise in Austria focuses on second language evaluation. This study describes a group of multilingual children with suspected language impairment at a specialized counselling hour and reflects the role of the first language in language evaluation.

Method

Linguistic evaluation (typically developed, ICD-10:F80, comorbid language disorder) and sociodemographic parameters of 270 children (time period: 2013–2020) are investigated. Linguistic results are reported according to primary diseases. For children without primary disease the relation between the linguistic evaluation and sociodemographic parameters is assessed.

Results

Overall, the children had 37 different first languages (74% were bilingual, 26% multilingual). The percentage of children with typical development and comorbid language development varied according to primary disease. Children without primary disease had higher chances of typical development the older they were at the examination, the earlier they produced first words, and if there was no heredity for ICD-10:F80.

Conclusions

Results suggest that evaluating the children’s first language is useful since it contributes to understanding the individual language development at different linguistic levels, despite the heterogeneity of the children, and, thus, allows practitioners to recommend the best possible support.
Circulating miR-26b-5p and miR-451a as diagnostic biomarkers in medullary thyroid carcinoma patients
Authors: Besharat Z. M. , Trocchianesi S. , Verrienti A. , Ciampi R. , Cantara S. , Romei C. , Sabato C. , Noviello T. M. R. , Po A. , Citarella A. , Caruso F. P. , Panariello I. , Gianno F. , Carpino G. , Gaudio E. , Chiacchiarini M. , Masuelli L. , Sponziello M. , Pecce V. , Ramone T. , Maino F. , Dotta F. , Ceccarelli M. , Pezzullo L. , Durante C. , Castagna M. G. , Elisei R. , Ferretti E.
Published: June 2023

Purpose/methods

The determination of tumour biomarkers is paramount to advancing personalized medicine, more so in rare tumours like medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), whose diagnosis is still challenging. The aim of this study was to identify non-invasive circulating biomarkers in MTC. To achieve this goal, paired MTC tissue and plasma extracellular vesicle samples were collected from multiple centres and microRNA (miRNA) expression levels were evaluated.

Results

The samples from a discovery cohort of 23 MTC patients were analysed using miRNA arrays. Lasso logistic regression analysis resulted in the identification of a set of circulating miRNAs as diagnostic biomarkers. Among them, miR-26b-5p and miR-451a, were highly expressed and their expression decreased during follow-up in disease-free patients in the discovery cohort. Circulating miR-26b-5p and miR-451a were validated using droplet digital PCR in a second independent cohort of 12 MTC patients.

Conclusion

This study allowed the identification and validation of a signature of two circulating miRNAs, miR-26b-5p and miR-451a, in two independent cohorts reporting a significant diagnostic performance for MTC. The results of this study offer advancements in molecular diagnosis of MTC proposing a novel non-invasive tool to use in precision medicine.
DSC-MVSNet: attention aware cost volume regularization based on depthwise separable convolution for multi-view stereo
Authors: Zhang Song , Wei Zhiwei , Xu Wenjia , Zhang Lili , Wang Yang , Zhou Xin , Liu Junyi
Published: June 2023

Deep learning has recently been proven to deliver excellent performance in multi-view stereo (MVS). However, it is difficult for deep learning-based MVS approaches to balance their efficiency and effectiveness. Towards this end, we propose the DSC-MVSNet, a novel coarse-to-fine and end-to-end framework for more efficient and more accurate depth estimation in MVS. In particular, we propose an attention aware 3D UNet-shape network, which first uses the depthwise separable convolutions for cost volume regularization. This mechanism enables effective aggregation of information and significantly reduces the model parameters and computation by transforming the ordinary convolution on cost volume as depthwise convolution and pointwise convolution. Besides, a 3D-Attention module is proposed to alleviate the feature mismatching problem in cost volume regularization and aggregate the important information of cost volume in three dimensions (i.e. channel, space, and depth). Moreover, we propose an efficient Feature Transfer Module to upsample the low-resolution (LR) depth map to a high-resolution (HR) depth map to achieve higher accuracy. With extensive experiments on two benchmark datasets, i.e. DTU and Tanks & Temples, we demonstrate that the parameters of our model are significantly reduced to $$25\%$$

25
%

of the state-of-the-art model MVSNet. Besides, our method outperforms or maintains on par accuracy with the state-of-the-art models. Our source code is available at https://github.com/zs670980918/DSC-MVSNet.
Outstanding Humidity Chemiresistors Based on Imine-Linked Covalent Organic Framework Films for Human Respiration Monitoring
Authors: Chen Xiyu , Kong Lingwei , Mehrez Jaafar Abdul-Aziz , Fan Chao , Quan Wenjing , Zhang Yongwei , Zeng Min , Yang Jianhua , Hu Nantao , Su Yanjie , Wei Hao , Yang Zhi
Published: June 2023

Human metabolite moisture detection is important in health monitoring and non-invasive diagnosis. However, ultra-sensitive quantitative extraction of respiration information in real-time remains a great challenge. Herein, chemiresistors based on imine-linked covalent organic framework (COF) films with dual-active sites are fabricated to address this issue, which demonstrates an amplified humidity-sensing signal performance. By regulation of monomers and functional groups, these COF films can be pre-engineered to achieve high response, wide detection range, fast response, and recovery time. Under the condition of relative humidity ranging from 13 to 98%, the COFTAPB-DHTA film-based humidity sensor exhibits outstanding humidity sensing performance with an expanded response value of 390 times. Furthermore, the response values of the COF film-based sensor are highly linear to the relative humidity in the range below 60%, reflecting a quantitative sensing mechanism at the molecular level. Based on the dual-site adsorption of the (–C=N–) and (C–N) stretching vibrations, the reversible tautomerism induced by hydrogen bonding with water molecules is demonstrated to be the main intrinsic mechanism for this effective humidity detection. In addition, the synthesized COF films can be further exploited to effectively detect human nasal and oral breathing as well as fabric permeability, which will inspire novel designs for effective humidity-detection devices.
Tetris-Style Stacking Process to Tailor the Orientation of Carbon Fiber Scaffolds for Efficient Heat Dissipation
Authors: Han Shida , Ji Yuan , Zhang Qi , Wu Hong , Guo Shaoyun , Qiu Jianhui , Zhang Fengshun
Published: June 2023

As the miniaturization of electronic devices and complication of electronic packaging, there are growing demands for thermal interfacial materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and the capability to direct the heat toward heat sink for highly efficient heat dissipation. Pitch-based carbon fiber (CF) with ultrahigh axial thermal conductivity and aspect ratios exhibits great potential for developing thermally conductive composites as TIMs. However, it is still hard to fabricate composites with aligned carbon fiber in a general approach to fully utilize its excellent axial thermal conductivity in specific direction. Here, three types of CF scaffolds with different oriented structure were developed via magnetic field-assisted Tetris-style stacking and carbonization process. By regulating the magnetic field direction and initial stacking density, the self-supporting CF scaffolds with horizontally aligned (HCS), diagonally aligned and vertically aligned (VCS) fibers were constructed. After embedding the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the three composites exhibited unique heat transfer properties, and the HCS/PDMS and VCS/PDMS composites presented a high thermal conductivity of 42.18 and 45.01 W m−1 K−1 in fiber alignment direction, respectively, which were about 209 and 224 times higher than that of PDMS. The excellent thermal conductivity is mainly ascribed that the oriented CF scaffolds construct effective phonon transport pathway in the matrix. In addition, fishbone-shaped CF scaffold was also produced by multiple stacking and carbonization process, and the prepared composites exhibited a controlled heat transfer path, which can allow more versatility in the design of thermal management system.
Boosting Interfacial Polarization Through Heterointerface Engineering in MXene/Graphene Intercalated-Based Microspheres for Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Wang Ge , Li Changfeng , Estevez Diana , Xu Peng , Peng Mengyue , Wei Huijie , Qin Faxiang
Published: June 2023

Multi-layer 2D material assemblies provide a great number of interfaces beneficial for electromagnetic wave absorption. However, avoiding agglomeration and achieving layer-by-layer ordered intercalation remain challenging. Here, 3D reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/MXene/TiO2/Fe2C lightweight porous microspheres with periodical intercalated structures and pronounced interfacial effects were constructed by spray-freeze-drying and microwave irradiation based on the Maxwell–Wagner effect. Such approach reinforced interfacial effects via defects introduction, porous skeleton, multi-layer assembly and multi-component system, leading to synergistic loss mechanisms. The abundant 2D/2D/0D/0D intercalated heterojunctions in the microspheres provide a high density of polarization charges while generating abundant polarization sites, resulting in boosted interfacial polarization, which is verified by CST Microwave Studio simulations. By precisely tuning the 2D nanosheets intercalation in the heterostructures, both the polarization loss and impedance matching improve significantly. At a low filler loading of 5 wt%, the polarization loss rate exceeds 70%, and a minimum reflection loss (RLmin) of −67.4 dB can be achieved. Moreover, radar cross-section simulations further confirm the attenuation ability of the optimized porous microspheres. These results not only provide novel insights into understanding and enhancing interfacial effects, but also constitute an attractive platform for implementing heterointerface engineering based on customized 2D hierarchical architectures.
Solutions to the Keller–Segel system with non-integrable behavior at spatial infinity
Authors: Winkler Michael
Published: June 2023

The Cauchy problem in $$\mathbb {R}^n$$

R

n

is considered for the Keller–Segel system $$\begin{aligned} \left\{ \begin{array}{l}u_t = \Delta u - \nabla \cdot (u\nabla v), \\ 0 = \Delta v + u, \end{array} \right. \qquad \qquad (\star ) \end{aligned}$$

u
t

=
Δ
u
-
∇
·

(
u
∇
v
)

,

0
=
Δ
v
+
u
,

(
⋆
)

with a focus on a detailed description of behavior in the presence of nonnegative radially symmetric initial data $$u_0$$

u
0

with non-integrable behavior at spatial infinity. It is shown that if $$u_0$$

u
0

is continuous and bounded, then ($$\star $$
⋆
) admits a local-in-time classical solution, whereas if $$u_0(x)\rightarrow +\infty $$

u
0

(
x
)

→
+
∞

as $$|x|\rightarrow \infty $$

|
x
|
→
∞

, then no such solution can be found. Furthermore, a collection of three sufficient criteria for either global existence or global nonexistence indicates that with respect to the occurrence of finite-time blow-up, spatial decay properties of an explicit singular steady state plays a critical role. In particular, this underlines that explosions in ($$\star $$
⋆
) need not be enforced by initially high concentrations near finite points, but can be exclusively due to large tails.
The effect of side walls on the stability of falling films
Authors: Mohamed Hammam , Sesterhenn Jörn , Biancofiore Luca
Published: June 2023

We study the influence of side walls on the stability of falling liquid films. We combine a temporal biglobal stability analysis based on the linearised Navier–Stokes equations with experiments measuring the spatial growth rate of sinusoidal waves flowing downstream an inclined channel. Very good agreement was found when comparing the theoretical and experimental results. Strong lateral confinement of the channel stabilises the flow. In the wavenumber-Reynolds number space, the instability region experiences a fragmentation due to selective damping of moderate wavenumbers. For this range of parameters, the three-dimensional confined problem shows several prominent stability modes which are classified into two categories, the well-known Kapitza hydrodynamic instability mode (H-mode) and a new unstable mode, we refer to it as wall-mode (W-mode). The two mode types are stabilised differently, where the H-modes are stabilised at small wavenumbers, while the W-modes experience stabilisation at high wavenumbers, and at sufficiently small channel widths, only the W-mode is observed. The reason behind the unique H-modes stabilisation is that they become analogous to waveguide modes, which can not propagate below a certain cut-off wavenumber. The spatial structure of the eigenmodes experiences significant restructuring at wavenumbers smaller than the most damped wavenumber. The mode switching preserves the spatial symmetry of the unstable mode.
New trilobite assemblage from the lower Cambrian (upper Stage 4) of the Lake Zone, western Mongolia
Authors: Sun Zhixin , Yang Aihua , Zhao Fangchen , Zhuravlev Andrey Yu. , Pan Bing , Hu Chunlin , Feng Qian , Chen Xi , Zhu Maoyan
Published: June 2023

The western Mongolian Lake Zone was a Neoproterozoic to early Paleozoic volcanic arc where tuffs, lavas, fossiliferous siliciclastics, and carbonates accumulated during the early Cambrian. An uppermost Cambrian Series 2 (upper Stage 4) trilobite assemblage is described here from the Burgasutay Formation representing a continuous lower Cambrian succession at the Seer Ridge of the Great Lake Depression. The new assemblage is dominated by dorypygids and consists of 13 trilobite genera belonging to nine families includingCatinouyia heyunensisnew species. These fossils comprise the youngest and richest lower Cambrian trilobite assemblage in Mongolia. The composition of the Lake Zone fauna suggests its biogeographic affinity with the Siberian Platform and Altay-Sayan Foldbelt, but the presence of inouyiids also implies a connection of this region with East Gondwana.

UUID:http://zoobank.org/fb0ebe23-144f-46ed-9543-7df9eea85fbc
Utilising the precision nutrition toolkit in the path towards precision medicine
Authors: Sawicki Caleigh , Haslam Danielle , Bhupathiraju Shilpa
Published: June 2023

The overall aim of precision nutrition is to replace the ‘one size fits all’ approach to dietary advice with recommendations that are more specific to the individual in order to improve the prevention or management of chronic disease. Interest in precision nutrition has grown with advancements in technologies such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics and measurement of the gut microbiome. Precision nutrition initiatives have three major applications in precision medicine. First, they aim to provide more ‘precision’ dietary assessments through artificial intelligence, wearable devices or by employing omic technologies to characterise diet more precisely. Secondly, precision nutrition allows us to understand the underlying mechanisms of how diet influences disease risk and identify individuals who are more susceptible to disease due to gene–diet or microbiota–diet interactions. Third, precision nutrition can be used for ‘personalised nutrition’ advice where machine-learning algorithms can integrate data from omic profiles with other personal and clinical measures to improve disease risk. Proteomics and metabolomics especially provide the ability to discover new biomarkers of food or nutrient intake, proteomic or metabolomic signatures of diet and disease, and discover potential mechanisms of diet–disease interactions. Although there are several challenges that must be overcome to improve the reproducibility, cost-effectiveness and efficacy of these approaches, precision nutrition methodologies have great potential for nutrition research and clinical application.
An ERP study on novel word learning in an immersive virtual reality context
Authors: Jiao Lu , Zhu Mengrui , Xu Zijie , Zhou Guanzhu , Schwieter John W. , Liu Cong
Published: June 2023

In this behavioral and electrophysiological study, we compare novel word learning, particularly lexical form acquisition, in an immersive virtual reality (VR) context with a picture-word (PW) association context. We also test whether inhibitory control and age of second language acquisition (L2 AoA) have modulating effects. Chinese speakers of L2 English learned two sets of German words, one set in each of the contexts. Behavioral performance from a subsequent recognition task indicated that responses to VR-learned words were faster than PW-leaned words. ERPs revealed that VR-learned words elicited more negative N100 and N200 waveforms than PW-learned words. Moreover, a significant relationship between L2 AoA and N200 amplitude was observed for VR-learned words. Taken together, the results suggest that the multi-sensory, interactive experience simulated by an immersive VR context has a positive effect on early lexical form acquisition of novel words.
Regional and Global Patterns of Apparent Organic Matter Reactivity in Marine Sediments
Authors: Pika Philip A. , Hülse Dominik , Eglinton Timothy I. , Arndt Sandra
Published: June 2023

Organic matter (OM) degradation in marine sediments is fundamental to understanding and constraining global biogeochemical cycling, whereby OM reactivity is at its core. Here, we use benthic diffusive oxygen uptake (DOU) rates as a proxy for OM reactivity. We apply an analytical diagenetic model to inversely determine OM reactivities in marine sediments (i.e., Reactive Continuum Model parameters a and ν) using data sets of global DOU, surface sediment OM contents, and seafloor boundary conditions. Simulated oxygen depth profiles show good agreement with observations, increasing confidence in our reactivity estimates. Inversely determined reactivities vary over orders of magnitude between individual sites ranging from high (k = 0.252 year−1) for sediments in the Polar region to extremely low (k = 7.96 ⋅ 10−5 year−1) in South Pacific. Our findings highlight the heterogeneity of OM reactivities, revealing regional patterns that broadly agree with observations and prior assessments. In general, high benthic reactivity can be linked to limited pelagic OM degradation favored by either a rapid vertical or lateral OM transport to the sediment or environmental factors, such as low oxygen concentrations or low temperature, slowing pelagic OM degradation. Finally, we develop a set of transfer functions that allow estimating OM reactivity as a function of DOU, OM content and water depths, and use one to derive the first global maps of benthic OM reactivity based on two global DOU maps. Despite the inherent observational biases in the data sets, our results provide a good first‐order estimate of the apparent benthic OM reactivity agreeing with our current mechanistic understanding and observations.
Both Longitudinal and Transverse Extension Controlling Gas Migration Through Submarine Anticlinal Ridges, New Zealand's Southern Hikurangi Margin
Authors: Crutchley Gareth J. , Hillman Jess I. T. , Kroeger Karsten F. , Watson Sally J. , Turco Francesco , Mountjoy Joshu J. , Davy Bryan , Woelz Susi
Published: June 2023

Sub‐seabed fluid flow, gas hydrate accumulation and seafloor methane seepage are tightly interwoven processes with implications for marine biodiversity, ocean chemistry and seafloor stability. We combine long‐offset seismic reflection data with high‐resolution seismic data to investigate shallow structural deformation and its relationship to focused gas migration and hydrate accumulation in the southern Hikurangi subduction wedge. Anticlines, effective traps for focusing free gas, are characterized by both normal faults and vertical zones of hydraulic fracturing within the hydrate stability zone. The normal faults form as a result of sediment layer folding and gravitational collapse of ridges during uplift. We document both longitudinal (ridge‐parallel) and transverse (ridge‐perpendicular) extensional structures (normal faults and elongated hydraulic fracture zones) in the sub‐seafloor of anticlinal ridges. Intriguingly, gas flow through ridges close to the deformation front of the wedge exploits longitudinal structures, while ridges further inboard are characterized by gas flow along transverse structures. This highlights pronounced changes in the shallow deformation of ridges in different parts of the wedge, associated with a switching of the least and intermediate principal stress directions. It is critical to understand these shallow stress fields because they control fluid flow patterns and methane seepage out of the seafloor.
Quantifying the Ejecta Thickness From Large Complex Craters on (1) Ceres
Authors: Montalvo P. E. , Christopher H. , Hirabayashi M. , Fassett C. , King D. T.
Published: June 2023

Quantifying the ejecta thickness distribution from complex craters is key to understanding surface‐evolving processes on Ceres. Using the Park et al. (2019, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2018.10.024) shape model, we estimated the ejecta thickness of five complex craters located in Ceres' equatorial region by analyzing 1,778 smaller, simple craters in their continuous ejecta deposits. In addition, we constrained their rim‐crest ejecta thickness following Sharpton (2014, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013JE004523). The ejecta thicknesses range from ∼3 to 73 m and ∼96–223 m around complex craters and at their rim crest localities, respectively. We find that ejecta thicknesses on Ceres are thinner than those on the Moon. Meltwater likely facilitates thin ejecta deposits on Ceres, given that fluid pressure conditions allow transient liquid water stability at shallow depths (∼1.8 m). Such water must be short‐lived because the atmospheric pressure on Ceres is too low (≳2.09 × 10−8 Pa) to allow a stable liquid phase. Our findings are consistent with previous work that ascribes fluidized appearing ejecta morphologies to the melting of subsurface water ice.