bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MEDICAL FACILITIES AS A BASIS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF MEDICAL TOURISM
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Aleksandrova Desislava
Published: June 2021

An increased number of countries are practising Medical tourism. The market is large, and the demand is continuously growing. The main characteristics of medical tourism are in the process of continuous development. Geographical proximity is an essential factor, but it is not decisive for the patient's choice. The criteria for acceptable practices in medical tourism, as well as in healthcare in general, are the achievement of excellent treatment, excellent service, and overall a comprehensive tourism product of high quality for consumers. The products offered under the concept of "medical tourism" represent a wide range of practices and procedures in the field of medicine and tourism services. The main criteria that the suppliers of this product meet are the availability and development of appropriate infrastructure and superstructure, including specialized superstructure, qualified staff, excellent technical support and good service.
DIGITAL COMMUNICATION TOOLSET FOR ORGANIZED EVENT MARKETS IN HOSPITALITY BUSINESS
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Kostadinova Nadezhda , Kolev Dimitar ,   University of Economics - Varna
Published: June 2021

The current report is with practical-applied character. Its aim is to represent some tools used by developed international hoteliers and their partners that ease the contact between specific types organized segments on the tourist market as well as to show up their contribution to the successful and reliable work process. After the digital path to individual hotel guests has already become pretty explored issue, it's time the communication process between hoteliers and organized markets to be researched and analyzed.
SANITARY REQUIREMENTS FOR THE PERSONNEL IN THE CATERING AND ENTERTAINMENT ESTABLISHMENTS IN TOURISM UNDER COVID-19
Authors:   University "Dr. Assen Zlatarov", College of Tourism - Burgas, Ilieva Katya
Published: June 2021

The worldwide pandemic of COVID-19 has affected all sectors of economy and has had a negative effect on the development of tourism globally. The operators in the tourism industry have faced the challenge of saving and restarting the business and are focusing their efforts on designing measures which will ensure the safety and health of both tourists and personnel. This report aims to present the regulatory framework for the new sanitary requirements for the staff, imposed by the scale of the epidemic and to discuss their reflection on the hygienic regime and operational standards in servicing visitors to CEE (catering and entertainment establishments) in tourism, taking as an example a particular tourism site.
THE ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES AND CORPORATE E-TRAINING FOR THE EMPLOYEES IN BULGARIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Pandzherova Asya
Published: June 2021

The success of the tourism industry as part of the service sector depends on the quality in a great extent, therefore qualified and motivated employees are crucial. Tourism is above all a business for the people, and the quality of the relationship between the employees in the tourism enterprise and the tourists is one of the most important components for the overall tourist experience. Education and training are key factors for the sustainable development of tourism by providing the necessary skills at all levels. Global development and mobility opportunities make it possible for tourism development to outstrip staffing levels. There is a mismatch between the existing education, the vocational training, and the real needs of the sector. At the same time, new challenges arise, and they require continuous training for employees in the sector. The main purpose of the scientific report is to investigate the role of information technologies and corporate e-learning in the Bulgarian tourism industry. Based on the bibliographic review, there was a lack of research on corporate e-learning in the field of tourism in Bulgaria as well as insufficient information on the role of information technologies as part of the training process. The study, the results of which will be presented in the report, identifies existing practices on corporate training and the application of information technologies as part of the training process among the respondents - Bulgarian tourism organizations. The study aims to identify the difference between the possibilities of available information technologies and their real application in the process of corporate training and human resource development in Bulgarian tourism.
INTERACTION BETWEEN NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND THE EXPERIENCE OF THE GUESTS IN THE HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY
Authors:   University of National and World Economy, Sofia, Gotseva Kosara
Published: June 2021

The scientific report aims to highlight the positive interaction between technology and hotel guests. The relationship between technology and customer experience is examined. The role of innovation as a tool for enhancing the positive experience of tourists is highlighted. The focus is on digital applications and their relationship to satisfaction. The main global trends that demonstrate the impact of hotel automation on visitor satisfaction are outlined. Attention has been focused on research from recent years. The author defends the thesis that guests seek interaction with automation as it directly affects the quality of service and thus enhances their positive experience. Innovation is a key tool for creating a quality experience.
THE SPECIFICS OF THE OFFER OF A MOUNTAIN DESTINATION FOR SKI TOURISM
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Undzhieva Maria
Published: June 2021

Mountain ski tourism is an important type of tourism, which is economically and culturally valuable industry particularly for developed countries. Not all mountain regions are appropriate for ski tourism development, however. The purpose of the report is to show the specifics of a mountain destination and its potential of offering ski tourism. Some analyzes and reports will outline the characteristics and the specifics of offering of mountain tourism for ski. The results are indicating the potential and the structural risks, new market conditions and trends, the principal of planning and the frame work of mountain ski tourism development. Factors that include climate, topography, scenery and the seasonal cycle all determine the facilities and activities of mountain ski tourism, reflecting the strong interdependency between the mountain ecosystem and the mountain tourism system. Ski tourism development must therefore go hand in hand with protecting and preserving these resources to ensure tourism's long-term growth and viability. Investments in ski tourism-related facilities can valorize these resources in terms of creating employment and income to the local residents of mountain regions.
THE INTERCONNECTION BETWEEN SPORT AND TOURISM
Authors:   University of Economics - Varna, Dimitrov Dimitar
Published: June 2021

The report attempts to present the interrelationship between sports and tourism in two interrelated areas - sports and tourism. Tourism is considered as a means of physical activity, physical education and sports, realized through the forms of sports and tourism. A definition based on the scientific discipline "Theory and Methodology of Physical Education" is derived. The report continues with a presentation of the links between sport and tourism in the tourism industry, forming the alternative type - sports tourism. A literature review was made, on the basis of which a definition of sports tourism was derived. In conclusion, the interconnectedness and influence of the two sectors is summarized, which has a favorable impact on the possibility for their development.
Analyse der relativen Dichte additiv gefertigter Werkstoffe
Authors: Greco Sebastian , Gutzeit Kevin , Kirsch Benjamin , Aurich Jan C.
Published: June 2021

Die additive Fertigung bietet aufgrund ihres schichtweisen Aufbaus deutlich mehr Gestaltungsfreiheit bei der Bauteilkonstruktion als etablierte Fertigungsverfahren. Das Gefüge additiv gefertigter Bauteile unterscheidet sich jedoch deutlich von herkömmlich hergestelltem Referenzmaterial. Eine wichtige Kenngröße zur Gefügebewertung ist die relative Dichte, für deren Bestimmung es verschiedene Methoden gibt.
Software optimiert Rohbau
Authors: Drechsel Theo
Published: June 2021

Eine neue Softwarelösung deckt die Prozesskette „Rohbau“ bei der Herstellung von Automobilkarosserien ab und berücksichtigt alle kritischen Aspekte des Zusammenbaus. Anwender können rasch alternative Bauteilvarianten und Prozesse bewerten, Abweichungen identifizieren und Gegenmaßnahmen ergreifen.
Algorithmic jingle jungle: A comparison of implementations of principal axis factoring and promax rotation in R and SPSS
Authors: Grieder Silvia , Steiner Markus D.
Published: June 2021

A statistical procedure is assumed to produce comparable results across programs. Using the case of an exploratory factor analysis procedure—principal axis factoring (PAF) and promax rotation—we show that this assumption is not always justified. Procedures with equal names are sometimes implemented differently across programs: a jingle fallacy. Focusing on two popular statistical analysis programs, we indeed discovered a jingle jungle for the above procedure: Both PAF and promax rotation are implemented differently in the psych R package and in SPSS. Based on analyses with 247 real and 216,000 simulated data sets implementing 108 different data structures, we show that these differences in implementations can result in fairly different factor solutions for a variety of different data structures. Differences in the solutions for real data sets ranged from negligible to very large, with 42% displaying at least one different indicator-to-factor correspondence. A simulation study revealed systematic differences in accuracies between different implementations, and large variation between data structures, with small numbers of indicators per factor, high factor intercorrelations, and weak factors resulting in the lowest accuracies. Moreover, although there was no single combination of settings that was superior for all data structures, we identified implementations of PAF and promax that maximize performance on average. We recommend researchers to use these implementations as best way through the jungle, discuss model averaging as a potential alternative, and highlight the importance of adhering to best practices of scale construction.
PROCESS INSTRUCTIONS, AS PART OF A PRODUCT QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Authors: Chupikova Elena , Antosyuk Anna , Sayapina Tat'yana
Published: June 2021

Improvement of technical documentation for products from aquatic biological resources is of particular relevance and importance within the framework of creating a quality management system for fish products. In this regard, the updating and harmonization of technological instructions for the production of frozen shrimp and frozen seaweed with the modern requirements of technical regulations for production processes, ensuring the safety and high quality of finished products. The article presents technological schemes for the production of frozen shrimp and frozen seaweed, points of control of technological processes, recommended measuring instruments for controlled parameters of technological processes.

Developed on the basis of an analysis of modern requirements for the production processes of frozen shrimp and frozen seaweed, the technological equipment used for their processing, the characteristics of raw materials, standard technological instructions will ensure the production of safe high quality products and can serve to form a food quality management system at fish processing enterprises.
HISTORY OF THE STUDY AND FEATURES OF THE NORTHERN SHRIMP PANDALUS BOREALIS FISHERY IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE SEA OF OKHOTSK
Authors: Shcherbakova Yulia , Semenov Yuri , Elatinceva Julia , Smirnov Andrey
Published: June 2021

The article deals with the history of the study of the northern shrimp, which lives in the northern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. Based on the materials collected in 2020, in comparison with 2018-2019, the course of fishing and catching of this object is analyzed. It is shown that the prospects of industrial development of this valuable object in the coming years do not cause concerns.
DATA LIMITED STOCK ASSESSMENT OF POPULATION DYNAMICS BY CMSY MODEL ON THE EXAMPLE OF BLACK SEA SPRAT IN THE RUSSIAN WATERS
Authors: Pyatinsky M.
Published: June 2021

This study performs approbation of trend CMSY model on the example of Black sea sprat fishing unit, localized in Russian waters. Data sources has been reduced to the level of data limited modeling for indicator and trend models approach. CMSY population model results were compared with previously performed estimations by more powerful cohort model - XSA. CMSY results shows no significant deviations from the XSA results. Forecast scenarios and conclusions based on CMSY model fitting leads to the same statements with previously published results by XSA. CMSY model shows next results: stock biomass in 2019 B2019 = 63,9 ths. t, fishing mortality – F2019 = 0,29. Stock biomass in 2019 was significant below the target reference point BMSY = 105 ths. t and higher then limit reference point Blim = 52,7 ths. t. Some uncertain overexploitation in 2019 was underlined, F2019/FMSY = 1,12. Investigation of forecast scenarios with different total allowed catch levels indicates that there are no features for increasing the catch capacity in short-term projection. CMSY model fitting have passed the necessary stability tests and confirm previously founded results. In summary of this study, we can recommend to use CMSY model for stock assessment procedure in terms of data-limited information background.
The Effect of Increasing Music Volume on Reaction Time
Authors: Farrell Jane
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact that music volume has on reaction time.  The significance of this study is that music volume is often suggested to be one of the factors and/or distractions that lead young drivers under the age of 25 to experience a high rate of vehicular accidents, and the goal of this study was to quantitatively assess the effect of increasing music volume on the reaction time of subjects in this demographic. Tactile reaction time, using the Brain Gauge, was used to record simple reaction time and choice reaction time data for 20 college students while the Neil Diamond classic “Sweet Caroline” was played at approximately 0dB, 20dB, 40dB, and 80dB. The results demonstrate a significant increase in simple reaction time with increased music volume and shows that louder music impacts an individual’s capacity to react to a stimulus.  Although the study was not conducted while the individual was driving, the results strongly suggest that high music volume could significantly impair a driver’s response time.
Inductively Coupled Electrical Stimulation - Part 5: How many types of PEMF are there? A model and Excel Calculator
Authors: Dennis Robert
Published: June 2021

To intelligently study anything, the first step is to intelligently define exactly what it is that you are studying.  This has been a perennial challenge for the field of PEMF research.  The most basic question in the field of PEMF research is:  exactly what is PEMF, and if it is more than one thing, how many different things is it?

At the simplest level, PEMF is exactly what it stands for:  Pulsed Electro-Magnetic Fields.  But in common usage, it is more nuanced than that.  This is a term not used by physicists, for example, to describe the pulses that are observed emanating from outer space.  These are described by detailed spectral analysis of the electromagnetic emission being studied, but physicists do not generally use the generic term “PEMF”.  It is also not a term used by electrical engineers to describe the electromagnetic fields emanating as a byproduct of the clocking of digital electronics or control of motors, even though, technically, these could be called pulsed electro-magnetic fields.  The term and abbreviation “PEMF” is used almost exclusively to describe a specific type of electro-magnetism that is known or believed to have beneficial or therapeutic effects when applied to living systems.

In this study, we first address the fundamental weakness of the ubiquitous question “Does PEMF work?”

We then begin by re-framing the question with clearly defined terminology.  Then we finish by presenting a model for dividing PEMF into tractable subsets based on quantifiable PEMF parameters.  A spreadsheet is developed to model and calculate the total number of all possible forms of well-defined PEMF that could be tested for biological effects.  The spreadsheet is available for use to aid research in this area.

Using default parameters selected by the author, it is concluded that there are about 1 quadrillion different variations of PEMF, which far exceeds the number of identified and theorized chemical species in the known universe.  While this number by itself is intractable, when modeled in detail it does allow the variations of PEMF to be estimated and organized in a way that it becomes possible to approach the problem of the scope of PEMF within a tractable experimental or regulatory framework.
JALAN PANJANG PENANGANAN KORUPSI DI INDONESIA
Authors: Sofhian Subhan
Published: June 2021

In today, corruption is not an alien thing in society, it is even an inseparable part of life in its various forms. Corruption is often done whether we realize it or not and it is done individually or in groups.Conceptually, corruption is not an action that is only carried out by the government, but can also be carried out by all groups and strata of society, both consciously and unconsciously.In the most common cases, the corruption known to the public is corruption committed by public officials. This is in line with the loss of state money which is represented as public money, causing losses to the survival of the community.Historically, corruption occurred since the interests of individuals and groups exist in an organization. These interests bring new policies in the midst of existing programs and activities, giving rise to motivation to enrich one particular party even massively, coordinatively and periodically.This study limits the explanation of corruption in the three eras or orders known especially in Indonesia, namely the orde lama, order baru and orde reformasi. The characteristics and characteristics of each order carry different motivations and forms in the context of violations of the criminal act of corruption. This study was conducted using the on-desk literacy study method. This means that this study is based on printed and electronic data and information in the form of academic texts, journals, books and / or supporting scientific studies.
Corrigendum: On the Abel differential equations of third kind
Authors: Oliveira Regilene , Valls Cláudia
Published: June 2021

In this paper, using the Poincaré compactification technique we classify the topological phase portraits of a special kind of quadratic differential system, the Abel quadratic equations of third kind. In [1] where such investigation was presented for the first time some phase portraits were not correct and some were missing. Here we provide the complete list of non equivalent phase portraits that the Abel quadratic equations of third kind can exhibit and the bifurcation diagram of a \begin{document}$ 3 $\end{document}-parametric subfamily of it.
Industry 4.0 as a New Disruptive Concept in IT Management and IT Governance
Authors: Simetinger František
Published: June 2021

This chapter is going through the Industry 4.0 concept. On the first hand, it relies on advanced technologies which have a high potential to save costs and deliver groundbreaking products and services. On the other hand, Industry 4.0 brings so many innovations and opportunities that it requires an essential change in thinking and organization. Presented insights are based on conducted comparative analysis and its results. This analysis compared significant maturity models for the assessment of Industry 4.0 readiness in organizations and defined universal dimensions. These identified dimensions uncovered existing gaps in the analyzed maturity models. Solving these missing areas required additional research that provided additional insights not only in Industry 4.0. The results of this analysis provided an overview of critical factors related to Industry 4.0 and possible solutions to missing parts. The technical challenges related to technologies, standards, and architectures used in Industry 4.0 are introduced. Organizational specifics of this concept are outlined.
The Innovative Blockchain Technology in the Sharing Economy Subject Decision Making
Authors: Lazareva Elena Iosifovna , Karaycheva Olga Vladimirovna , Karaychev Gleb Viktorovich , Frolova Irina Veniaminovna
Published: June 2021

The relevance of research is defined by the increasing importance of information technology support of managerial decisions of the modern economy subjects, whose priorities are progressively shifting from property to consumption, in the context of society innovation-digital transformation. The research is aimed at proposing ways to introduce the breakthrough blockchain technology into the system of interactions between sharing economy agents and at assessing the effect arising from the perspective of the transition to a true market economy of equal subjects. Achieving the goal of the study required the solution of such tasks as the identification of economic entities' decision-making algorithm and analysis of the advantages of innovative blockchain technology compared to the information sharing economy platforms that are actively working today. The novelty of the author's approach consists in substantiating the advantages of blockchain technology in approaching the goal of creating a socially oriented system of cooperation between equal actors.
Dance for Parkinson's
Authors: Delabary Marcela dos Santos , Duarte Maria Vitória Andreazza , Haas Aline Nogueira
Published: June 2021

This chapter aims to present important aspects of dance for people with Parkinson's disease and the benefits of dance practice for cognition and quality of life in this population. In the first part, the context of the topic addressed was explained, presenting the main characteristics of the disease and the main contributions of dance for people with Parkinson's disease. The available literature on the impacts of dance on cognition for this population was presented and discussed. After, the findings related to the potential of dance for the population's quality of life are demonstrated and commented on. In the end, the main results found are pointed out. Although some studies did not show significant improvements in these aspects, dance practice seems to be efficient to improve cognition, mainly executive function, and increasing quality of life in people with Parkinson's disease.
Metrics, Platforms, Emulators, and TestNets for Ethereum
Authors: Chaari Fourati lamia , Layeb Taher , Haddaji Achraf , Ayed Samiha , Bekri Wiem
Published: June 2021

Blockchain technology is considered the most relevant technology after the internet that revolutionizes many application domains. The first generation of BC technology, BC 1.0, is used for cryptocurrency purposes; the second generation, BC 2.0, as represented by Ethereum, is an open and decentralized platform empowering the running of decentralized applications (DApps) on top of BC as a new computing paradigm. Ethereum as a BC 2.0 leader has a large development community. Its open-source feature leads to the development of several emulation tools, simulators, TestNets, and security verification tools dedicated to Ethereum-based system performance analysis. Making an adequate decision regarding the choice of the most appropriate Ethereum tool responding to the requirement of a specific system or application still requires more investigation from researchers. In this regard, this chapter presents the characteristics of the most-used Ethereum simulators, emulators, and TestNets and provides comparative studies between Ethereum simulators, TestNets, and security verification tools.
An Extensive Survey of Privacy in the Internet of Things
Authors: K. Jayashree , R. Babu
Published: June 2021

The internet of things comprises billions of devices, people, and services and entitles each to connect through sensor devices. These sensor devices influence the real world by administering critical network infrastructure and sometimes may collect sensitive private information about individuals. Managing this data authentication of who can access the device data and under what circumstances it can be found and used by others is one of the major threats for consumers and businesses. So, the internet of things services deliver new privacy challenges in our day-to-day lives. Though information systems discipline addressed research in privacy to a great extent, there still prevails no robust approach for the inspection of privacy breaches in the internet of things services. This chapter provides a detailed view on the privacy concerns in various aspects and scrutinizes the challenges to be addressed to ensure that the internet of things becomes true in near future.
ICTs and Rural Tourism
Authors: Thomé-Ortiz Humberto , García-Rodea Luis Felipe , Domínguez Irais González , López-Carré Elizabeth
Published: June 2021

This chapter aims to analyze the role that information and communication technologies (ICTs) have played in the processes of adaptation, learning, and tourist reactivation in rural areas, in the context of the pandemic caused by the spread of the zoonotic virus SARS-Cov-2. For this, a case study of the rural tourism offer was developed that includes the experiences of nine community tourism enterprises, settled in indigenous territories of the Central Mexican Highlands. The research approach was qualitative, and it was proposed to systematize the experiences that the enterprises have accumulated throughout the pandemic and during the process of social isolation. It is concluded that the use and exploitation of ICTs in rural areas is still incipient, in terms of their potential as tools for the promotion, marketing, and positioning of rural tourist destinations. It is necessary to overcome the technological gap in the context of the new socioeconomic characteristics that rural tourism will face, many of which will remain in force in the medium and long terms.
Effects of COVID-19 on Small Businesses in the Catering Sector
Authors: Toubes Diego R. , Araújo Vila Noelia , Fidalgo Estévez Sara
Published: June 2021

This study focuses on the effects of COVID-19 on independent restaurant operators in small cities. Proposals for recovery are assessed both in terms of business operations and service provision and in terms of the governance measures demanded by restaurateurs. Semi-structured open-ended interviews were conducted with 38 restaurateurs in Ourense (Spain) during the toughest months of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides key operational and governance measures for the recovery of the restaurant sector and confirms the need to generate a greater connection and empathy with the customer and to adapt to the new situation of instability and uncertainty by incorporating new business models. More effective governance measures are needed in line with increased public concern for sustainability, humanization, and environmental conservation.
The Effects of COVID-19 on the Rent-a-Car Industry
Authors: Korstanje Maximiliano Emanuel
Published: June 2021

Doubtless, COVID-19 has accelerated an economic financial crisis since 2008, affecting seriously not only the tourism industry but the global commerce. Governments have adopted different positions and programs to mitigate the economic aftermath of COVID-19. As never before in its history, tourism has been placed between the wall and the deep blue sea. Although the interests and studies evaluating the impact of COVID-19 have captivated the attention of countless scholars, less attention was given to the rent-a-car industry, which occupies a central position in the tourist system. As substitute competitors of train, bus, and airplanes, the rent-a-car organizations seem to be a quintessential actor of the tourist system. Of course, because we live in a world without tourists, empirical-based studies do not abound. To fill such a gap, the present chapter describes the economic downturn of a rent-a-car organization giving a firm empirical case. Although illustrative to some extent, the obtained outcome cannot be extrapolated to other universes or samples.
A Novel Feature Correlation Approach for Brand Spam Detection
Authors: Tidke Bharat , Tidke Swati
Published: June 2021

In this age of the internet, no person wants to make his decision on his own. Be it for purchasing a product, watching a movie, reading a book, a person looks out for reviews. People are unaware of the fact that these reviews may not always be true. It is the age of paid reviews, where the reviews are not just written to promote one's product but also to demote a competitor's product. But the ones which are turning out to be the most critical are given on brand of a certain product. This chapter proposed a novel approach for brand spam detection using feature correlation to improve state-of-the-art approaches. Correlation-based feature engineering is considered as one of the finest methods for determining the relations among the features. Several features attached with reviews are important, keeping in focus customer and company needs in making strong decisions, user for purchasing, and company for improving sales and services. Due to severe spamming these days, it has become nearly impossible to judge whether the given review is a trusted or a fake review.
The Impact of Climate Change on Human Resource Management in the Global Economy
Authors: Mamba Sthokozile , Ramraj Andrisha Beharry
Published: June 2021

Climate change has a global impact on everyone in their homes and workplaces. It occurs naturally but is also human-induced. It does more bad than good, especially in the workplace of every industry. Human resource functions play a major role in addressing this issue with management structures, employees, customers, and other stakeholders. The effort of reducing climate change is not an easy task, as many still have no belief that it is actually occurring. This chapter seeks to define the human resource function and climate change concept within a global economy.
The Relationship Between Climate Change and Financial Stability
Authors: Nyika Joan Mwihaki
Published: June 2021

Climate change is the greatest challenge of the modern day with the capacity to destabilize global financial systems and socioeconomic welfare. This chapter explores the uncertainties posed by climate change, its effects on the economy, the risks associated with the phenomenon, and approaches to manage them through risk management. Using documented evidence, climate change is shown to result in gross domestic product reductions; physical, transition, and liability risks that result to systemic financial problems characterized by liquidation of companies, losses for, and closure of financial firms and their intermediaries; and inability of investors to pay debts. Climate risk management is proposed as a solution to adapt to climate change and reduce its associated risks.
Climate Change and the Sustainable Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises
Authors: Gaffar Vanessa , Koeswandi Tika
Published: June 2021

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) play an essential role as the key driver in national economic resilience. In developing countries, they contribute to most of the GDP every year. Like a coin with two sides, the rise of SME productivity accidentally caused the increase in global pollution. Now, the SMEs are urged to adjust and set the best strategies to encounter the circumstances. This chapter shares a broader perspective, literature studies, and documentary analysis on the definition and category of SMEs, the involvement of United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), green practices and strategies, and the issue of building sustainable SMEs in relation with climate change. It is also completed with some case studies in SMEs in Indonesia, Africa, United Kingdom, and many more. The chapters set the tone for the rest of the chapters examining the implications of the issues discussed for climate change and the sustainable financial factor.
Climate Change Lessons for Managers in a Sustainable Economy
Authors: Ayeni Joyce Adefunke
Published: June 2021

There exists a close link between the natural environment and the world of work. This emphasizes the dependence of the world of work on environmental factors. The world of work does not exist in isolation but hinges on the ecosystem for survival. Climate change and other kinds of ecological squalor have had adverse effects on jobs, the structure of the organisation, work processes, and work efficiency, and with the increase in global warming, these effects are anticipated to be more noticeable in the approaching decades.
Climate Change and the Sustainability of Small Businesses in Africa
Authors: Msomi Thabiso Sthembiso , Olarewaju Odunayo Magret
Published: June 2021

This chapter examined the role of climate change in the sustainability of small businesses in Africa, as climate change is a serious challenge. Severe weather events have the ability to interrupt supply chains, making it more difficult for companies to access materials and resources. Climate change is rapidly becoming the most urgent problem facing humanity in the 21st century. Despite rapid efforts in the mitigation of climate change, there are rising global impacts of climate change. Small businesses remain a source of economic growth and social development in African countries irrespective of the global impact of climate change. Thus, African countries should embark on a reasonable transition to a low-carbon, climate-resistant, or environmentally sustainable economy such that small businesses are turned to small green domestic companies.
Nexus of Green Management, Green Marketing, Sustainability, and Financial Performance
Authors: Soogun Adenike Oyelola
Published: June 2021

Consumer and organizational awareness of environmental sustainability is ever increasing. In the era of global warming and climate change, organizations need to move away from traditional marketing strategies to green marketing strategies and green management to remain sustainable. The objectives of this chapter are to provide stakeholders with the overview and importance of green marketing, establish the link between green marketing mix and strategic green marketing, and reveal what organizations should focus on in developing green management to remain competitive and profitable. Green marketing strategies activities for financial services were highlighted, and lastly, the authors examined the impact of green management on firm financial performance. The chapter offers a holistic practice and recommendation of going green for both financial services and other businesses. Practical implications for managers were pointed out through commitment to green marketing and management to yield positive outcomes on firm financial performance in the long run.
Roles of Accountants in Climate Change Mitigation, Adaptation, and Resilience
Authors: Olarewaju Odunayo Magret
Published: June 2021

Accountants are in a better position to contribute to initiatives that lead to low-carbon business models that promote economic sustainability by defining climate risk and analysing the strategic, organisational, and financial consequences of the risk mitigation and adaptation. Extensive review and assessment of the roles of accountants in climate change mitigation, adaptation, and resilience was done in this chapter. The chapter concluded by recommending inclusion of a climate change fund in integrated reporting of organisations and intensification of climate change awareness such that every organisation will be aware of how proper accounting can be done on climate change effects. Thereafter, strategies to mitigate, adapt, and be resilient towards it will be initiated.
Enterprise Risk Management and Climate Change
Authors: Adeyeye Olufemi Patrick , Asaolu Adepoju Adeoba
Published: June 2021

The global exposure to climate change-induced risks culminating in the alteration of known environmental order and its debilitating spin effects on the key economic units in which the financial sector plays the intermediation role has raised new levels of consciousness in tackling the phenomenon. To sustain stability of the financial sector and greening of its broad spectrum of activities, there is the need for an enterprise-wide risk approach better delivered through the enterprise risk management (ERM) model. This chapter, therefore, assesses the level of preparation of Nigeria's regulatory bodies and the financial sector on how best to tackle the emerging physical, transitory and indirect risks involved; it also captured the feelers of various stakeholders via responses to the questionnaire. Among other things, the authors recommend the greening of macro-prudential regulations, dynamic monetary policies, and overall framework for the financial sector to reflect the realities of climate change.
It All Begins With Relationships
Authors: Hale Jane V. , Robey Patricia A.
Published: June 2021

Understanding choice theory provides a foundation for developing relationships and is the central component of the Glasser quality school model. Choice theory is William Glasser's explanation of human behavior and motivation. It is based on the premise that we all have five basic needs: love and belonging, power and achievement, the freedom to be independent and make choices, the joy in having fun, and basic needs of survival and safety. In a quality school, the goal of administrators, teachers, counselors, staff, and support personnel is to create an environment in which everyone in the system, especially the students, gets his or her needs met in responsible, respectful ways. In this chapter, the Glasser quality school criteria is explained in addition to the behavioral habits that help build relationships and the behavioral habits that break down relationships. Stories that highlight the experiences of administrators, teachers, and counselors who put Glasser's concepts into action are included to illuminate the essence of the Glasser quality school model.
Counseling Families and Children in Rural Poverty
Authors: Mahr Michele
Published: June 2021

This chapter discusses the unique needs and barriers that families and children living in rural poverty face regarding mental health counseling. It provides a literature review and specific statistics relevant to why this is a significant societal concern. Recommendations, resources, strategies, and techniques are provided for educators and counselors to implement in order to move forward to assist this marginalized population by using a holistic and multidisciplinary approach to assist the families who struggle with emotional, social, and cognitive needs. Once counselors and educators are aware of what defines poverty and the consequences of this global issue, we can move forward to progress towards a proactive and preventative approach to stop the cycle of poverty. Addressing how to decrease the number of families who are negatively affected by the lack of resources, decreased medical access, limited social support, and low self-efficacy may contribute to a better quality of life.
Let's Give ‘em Something to Talk About
Authors: Chambers Crystal R.
Published: June 2021

Rural students are more likely to complete their high school diploma but less likely than urban or suburban students to enroll in college. This is in part due to exposure to college and social capital, particularly differential access to social networks including individuals with college degrees. Schools can play a role in bridging the social capital gap as school teachers and counselors are individuals with college degrees who live in and near rural communities. In this vein, teachers and counselors can inspire the college aspirations of rural students, a prerequisite for student engagement in college choice processes.
Rose's Thorn
Authors: Williams Regina Gavin
Published: June 2021

This case study examines the life of Rose, a 17-year-old junior attending a public high school in a southeastern city. In the state where Rose resides, the year of “aging-out” of the foster care system is 18-years-old. With the age of 18 being such a pivotal year, Rose must not only think about her potential post-secondary options, but her ability to achieve adult self-sufficiency at such a young age as well. With no supports, this proves to be a daunting task for Rose. It becomes Rose's thorn. This chapter will explore the career and college readiness self-efficacy of Rose as she navigates her post-secondary options, builds her support networks, and discovers resources for adolescents aging out of the foster care system via her work with Dr. Williams, creator and counselor of the Students That Are Reaching Success (S.T.A.R.S.) program. Results from Rose's participation in the program will be shared and implications for counselors working with adolescents aging out of the foster care system will be reviewed.
LGBT College Student Career Development
Authors: Campbell Elizabeth L. , Burrows Michael A.
Published: June 2021

LGBT college students need mentorship regarding their career development from their faculty members. This paper provides an informed approach, grounded in Social Cognitive Career Theory and supported by empirical research, for faculty members to provide effective career guidance specifically tailored for LGBT students. Goals and recommendations for career advising with LGBT students are provided using an SCCT-informed approach, given the unique needs and experiences of LGBT students. Explanations of how SCCT offers a relevant understanding to faculty members, as well as instructions for how to appropriately advise LGBT students in their career development is provided. Conclusions and future directions are also discussed.
The Culturally Connected School Counselor
Authors: Peed Tracy Ann , Stevens Helena
Published: June 2021

The aim of this chapter is to facilitate knowledge, skills, and dispositions related to cultural awareness and multicultural competence for professional school counselors (PSCs) who serve various stakeholders in K-12 schools (students, teachers, administrators, staff, caregivers, and community members). While reading the chapter, PSCs with assess their own self-awareness and understanding related to their own multifaceted cultural identities and consider cultural intersections with, and differences from, those they serve. As a result of this exploration, they will be better able to plan culturally alert interventions at a myriad of levels with; individuals, small groups, classrooms, and school wide. Furthermore, by developing a keen social justice lens they will increase their ability to recognize oppression in K-12 school; be better equipped to facilitate dialogue between various groups; plan culturally aware interventions with students, staff, and community; and engage in advocacy on various levels (individual, system, and public arenas) to create systemic change.
Bringing Culture Back In
Authors: Akella Devi
Published: June 2021

Teenage pregnancy in United States has strong cultural and historical connections. Unfortunately, in a majority of the studies, all debates and perspectives on teen pregnancy ignore these underlying cultural values and signifiers. Yet to allow a more holistic understanding of teen pregnancy, the behavior of these teenagers should be examined within the parameters of their cultural and historical backgrounds. Teen pregnancy needs to be deconstructed from a cultural angle. This chapter focuses on the African American population and provides an alternate perspective on the behavior and actions of teenagers and on their choice of early motherhood. The chapter uses interviews conducted with school nurses and school counselors affiliated with two public high schools to provide critical insights on teenage pregnancy.
Situating Foucault in Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Measures
Authors: Akella Devi
Published: June 2021

In spite of declining teen birth rates, teenage pregnancy in USA remains the highest amongst the industrialized nations in the world. There appears to be a correlation between teenage pregnancy and the culture of the teenagers within the African-American population. African American teenagers may be influenced by the cultural norms of their community resulting in a cycle of teenage pregnancies over the generations. It is essential to break this cycle by influencing the behavior and perceptions of the teenagers towards early motherhood and pregnancies. Using empirical data from in-depth interviews conducted with school nurses and school counselors and Foucault's disciplinary strategies, this chapter suggests mentoring as a suitable teenage pregnancy preventive measure which might be effective in guiding and shaping the decisions and choices of African American teenagers in their lives.
Multi-Layer Fusion Neural Network for Deepfake Detection
Authors: Zhao Zheng , Wang Penghui , Lu Wei
Published: June 2021

Recently, the spread of videos forged by deepfake tools has been widely concerning, and effective ways for detecting them are urgently needed. It is known that such artificial intelligence-aided forgery makes at least three levels of artifacts, which can be named as microcosmic or statistical features, mesoscopic features, and macroscopic or semantic features. However, existing detection methods have not been designed to exploited them all. This work proposes a new approach to more effective detection of deepfake videos. A multi-layer fusion neural network (MFNN) has been designed to capture the artifacts in different levels. Features maps output from specially designed shallow, middle, and deep layers, which are used as statistical, mesoscopic, and semantic features, respectively, are fused together before classification. FaceForensic++ dataset was used to train and test the method. The experimental results show that MFNN outperforms other relevant methods. Particularly, it demonstrates more advantage in detecting low-quality deepfake videos.
Lossless Data Hiding in LWE-Encrypted Domains Based on Key-Switching
Authors: Su Ting-ting , Ke Yan , Ding Yi , Liu Jia
Published: June 2021

This paper proposes a lossless data hiding scheme in learning with errors (LWE)-encrypted domain based on key-switching technique. Lossless data hiding and extraction could be realized by a third party without knowing the private key for decryption. Key-switching-based least-significant-bit (KSLSB) data hiding method has been designed during the lossless data hiding process. The owner of the plaintext first encrypts the plaintext by using LWE encryption and uploads ciphertext to a (trusted or untrusted) third server. Then the server performs KSLSB to obtain a marked ciphertext. To enable the third party to manage ciphertext flexibly and keep the plaintext secret, the embedded data can be extracted from the marked ciphertext without using the private key of LWE encryption in the proposed scheme. Experimental results demonstrate that data hiding would not compromise the security of LWE encryption, and the embedding rate is 1 bit per bit of plaintext without introducing any loss into the directly decrypted result.