bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nanophotonic waveguide chip-to-free-space beam scanning at 68M Spots/s·mm²
Authors: Wen Yanan , Saha Matt , Greenspon Andrew , Zimmermann Matthew , Palm Kevin , Witte Alex , Goh Yin Min , Li Chao , Dong Mark , Leenheer Andrew , Clark Genevieve , Gilbert Gerald , Eichenfield Matt , Englund Dirk
Published: October 2024

A seamless chip-to-world photonic interface enables wide-ranging advancements in optical ranging, display, communication, computation, imaging, and light-matter interaction. An optimal solution allows for 2D scanning of a diffraction-limited beam from anywhere on a photonic chip over a large number of beam-spots in free-space. Currently, devices with direct PIC integration rely on tiled apertures with poor mode qualities, large footprints, and complex control systems. Micro-mechanical beam scanners have good beam quality but lack direct PIC integration and are inertially-limited due to the use of bulk optical components or structures in which the optical aperture and actuator sizes are inextricably linked, resulting in trade-offs among resolution, speed, and footprint. Here, we overcome these limitations with the photonic "ski-jump": a nanoscale optical waveguide monolithically integrated atop a piezoelectrically actuated cantilever which passively curls ~90° out-of-plane in a footprint of <0.1 mm2, emits sub-micron diffraction-limited optical modes, and exhibits kHz-rate mechanical resonances with quality factors exceeding 10,000. This enables two-dimensional beam-scanning with footprint-adjusted spot-rates of 68.6 mega-spots/s-mm2 at CMOS-level voltages, which is equivalent to a 1 megapixel display at 100 Hz from a 1.5 mm2 footprint, and exceeds the performance of state-of-the-art MEMS mirrors by >50⨉. Using this device, we demonstrate image projection, video projection, and the initialization and readout of single photons from silicon vacancy centers in diamond waveguides. Based on current performance, we identify pathways for achieving >1 giga-spots at kHz-rates in a ~1 cm2 area to provide a seamless, scalable optical pipeline between integrated photonic processors and the free-space world.
Comparison of conventional therapy and mulligan mobilization with movement technique in the treatment of shoulder problems: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: ÜNLÜER Nezehat Özgül , ALDEGES Wala’a , SARI Yasemin ATEŞ
Published: October 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the efficacy of Mulligan mobilization with movement (MWM) and Conservative treatment (CT) in improving pain, AROM, and functional activities on shoulder pathology.
Methods: A prospective randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted between June and October 2022. Forty one participants were randomly assigned to the CT + MWM (n=19) or CT-only group (n=22). Conventional therapy was applied to the CT group but The MWM technique was performed with 3 sets of 10 repetitions MWM group. All training sessions was applied five a week for 6 weeks in both groups (in total 30 sessions) by the same physiotherapist. The pain was evaluated with the Numeric Pain Rating Scale, AROM with the Universal goniometer, and functionality with the Patient Specific Functional Scale.
Results: In both groups, shoulder flexion, abduction, internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER), and AROM angles increased (p<0.05), shoulder pain decreased (p<0.05), and functionality increased (p<0.05). Although there is no statistically significant difference between the groups, the MWM technique applied in addition to CT is more effective in symptoms such as limitation of AROM, pain, and functionality.
Conclusion: MWM may be an effective manual therapy method on reducing of pain, increasing AROM, and improving functional status in patients with shoulder problems. Additionally, MWM technique applied in addition to CT may increase the success of the treatment.
Finite Element Simulation Analysis of Axial Ultrasonic Vibration Assisted Cutting of Titanium Alloy TC4
Authors: Shi Lichen , Wang Along , Yang Chao , Dou Weitao , Du Linshen
Published: October 2024

In ABAQUS simulations, the Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are set to vary with temperature by assigning fixed values. This approach can impact the reliability and accuracy of the simulation results. In this paper, the temperature-dependent functions of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are incorporated into ABAQUS using its secondary development capabilities. And simulate the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting (UVAC) process of titanium alloy TC4. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, the fitting function operates within the temperature range of the cutting simulation, which is of guiding significance for further development. It is discovered that as the amplitude increases, the chips gradually transition from C-shaped to irregular blocky ones, the cutting force gradually decreases, while the influence depth of the residual compressive stress first reduces and then increases, and when the amplitude is 16 microns, the influence depth of the residual compressive stress is the minimum, being 0.05 mm. In comparison to amplitude, the frequency has a relatively small impact on the chip shape and cutting force. As the frequency rises, the influence depth of the residual compressive stress shows a downward trend. With the increase of the feed rate, the chip width and crimp radius of the ultrasonic vibration-assisted cutting become wider, while the cutting force and residual stress gradually increase.
In vivo Protective Efficacy of Emodin in Swiss Albino Mice Induced with Dalton Ascitic Lymphoma
Authors: Suluvoy Jagadish , Kolla Harish Babu , Joel Jesse , Balasubramanian Aavany
Published: October 2024

Lymphoma is a tumor that affects lymphoid tissues in the body. Treating lymphoma has become challenging because of the complexity of disease pathology, drug resistance mechanisms and side effects of existing chemo and radiation therapies. Treating cancers/tumors with plant based natural compounds is gaining interest recently because of their less toxicity profiles and efficiency in controlling the disease severity. Emodin is one such compound with such anti-cancer/tumor properties. It has immunosuppressive and anti-cancer properties through multiple ways. In this study, we have studied the therapeutic effect of emodin molecule in the DAL induced lymphoma, a well-established murine model to study and test the anti-lymphoma drugs. Our data has shown an outstanding therapeutic effect of emodin in controlling the lymphoma readouts in DAL induce Swiss Albino mice. These effects were studied in comparison with a standard drug molecule called methotrexate. Furthermore, the in-silico analysis has shown that emodin as a potential drug candidate for lymphoma based on the Lipinski’s rule of 5.
Co-designed model for training undergraduate students on caries lesions assessment: qualitatively integrating user challenges into the educational solution
Authors: Muro Mariana Paes , Yampa-Vargas Jhandira Daibelis , Pontes Laura Regina Antunes , Braga Mariana , group the IuSTC collaborative
Published: October 2024

Background
Undergraduate tutored active training in caries lesion assessment has shown promising results. However, despite users’ think-pair sharing (interactivity), a previously fixed educational script has been followed during such training. This paper describes the development and reports preliminary results of implementing a proposal including co-design educational modules for training undergraduate students in caries lesion assessment based on their difficulties.
Methods
The original educational proposal was the starting point (IuSTC-01). The co-designed modules were created based on challenges raised by the users using gamified tools in specific query tools. The subsequent sections incorporated the identified difficulties to address their needs effectively. Tutor’s training was provided to ensure they could individualize the standard educational activity for a particular group of students. The first implementation of such adaptations was proposed for students enrolled in 2024. Difficulties reported in query sessions were qualitatively analyzed using MAXQDA and Voyant software. The impact of the activity individualization was then graphically schematized and qualitatively compared to the initial one. Students’ feedback about their learning experience was reported using a 5-point Likert scale and qualitatively using a word to express such experience.
Results
67 students were enrolled in the implementation of the novel educational modules. 13 clinical cases were presented and discussed as the original educational activity. However, 5 query tools were created in the novel co-designed model to identify students’ perceptions and difficulties. Then, the sequence of cases was divided into three blocks, and the activity was co-designed based on the previous query. The queries received, on average, 48 students feedback on query tools (response rate: 72%). Students’ difficulties were initially similar and changed during the activity, being considered by tutors at the appropriate moment. Similar paths were designed in different groups, but small adaptations were possible for individualizing the educational activity for each group. Students generally rated the activity well (mean = 4.7) and qualified it mostly using positive words.
Conclusion
The co-designed gamified resource has been developed and may be a promising tool for improving undergraduate training in caries lesion assessment and individualizing it to groups of students according to their specific needs.
Trial Registration
IuSTC01 https//doi.org/10.2196/resprot.7414. Clinical trial number not applicable
Reducing Displacements in Thermoset 3D-Printed Formwork by Optimizing Ribs and Tie-rod Placement
Authors: Hussan Zuffain , Brander Marco , Seta Berin , Spangenberg Jon , Andersen Sebastian , Fischer Gregor
Published: October 2024

3D-printed formwork shows great potential for concrete casting, as it can be used for complex shapes while reducing costs, labor, waste, and material usage. However, a significant challenge arises when the formwork exhibits excessive displacement under load. In this study, an optimization framework specifically tailored for 3D-printed thermoset formwork is presented in order to address displacement issues. The Ground Structure Method is integrated to propose an optimized rib design and strategic tie-rod placement, significantly minimizing displacement while maintaining material efficiency. This approach significantly differs from conventional formwork reinforcement strategies, with a focus on thermoset materials for their high stiffness, thermal resistance, and superior performance under the hydrostatic pressures encountered during concrete casting. The optimized designs are developed through numerical modeling, and to validate their effectiveness, experimental techniques employing 3D Digital Image Correlation are utilized. Water pressure testing verifies the influence of hydrostatic pressure and thermal response on displacement, while example applications using Self-Compacting Concrete demonstrate the practical effectiveness of the optimized design. Results demonstrate the efficacy of the optimized design, particularly the combined use of ribs and tie-rods, in achieving a significant 81% reduction in maximum displacement with a minimal 10.7% increase in material compared to a non-ribbed plate. This research provides valuable insights for the construction industry, establishing a robust framework for optimizing 3D-printed formwork for superior performance and minimized displacements in formwork structures.
Understanding land use land cover change dynamics using machine learning algorithms in the Abelti watershed, Omo-Gibe Basin, Ethiopia
Authors: Sulamo Mulatu Abayicho , Kassa Asfaw Kebede , Haile Gebremedhin Gebremeskel
Published: October 2024

Accurate and precise land cover information is essential to subsequent applications, though it is highly sought after. The purpose of this study is to select the better land use land cover (LULC) classifier and investigate change detection. Support vector machine (SVM) and random forest (RF) algorithms were applied using Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform to categorize LULC satellite data in the Abelti watershed. SVM and RF have overall classification accuracy of 87.46% and 91.19%, respectively and thus RF classifier was selected for LULC change detection analysis. Results show that agricultural land was grown by 8.53% between 1992 and 2002, 6.44% between 2002 and 2012, and 14.94% between 2012 and 2022. Between 1992 and 2002, the settlement area grew by 69.91%, between 2002 to 2012 by 72.17%, and between 2012 and 2022, it expanded by 21.44%. Shrub land was also decreased by 38.60% between 1992 and 2022. Additionally, there was a change in bare land between 1992 and 2012 which decreased by 31.97%, then increased by 74.05% between 2012 and 2022. Finally, Agriculture, waterbody, and settlement areas showed an increasing trend of 12.57, 0.27 and 8.91%, respectively, while forest, shrubland, and bareland showed a decreasing trend of 6.21, 10.97 and 3.23%, respectively during 1992–2022. Consequently, utilizing a RF algorithm is a crucial method for classifying multispectral satellite data and in detecting LULC changes. The study results provide useful information for policymakers and planners in the implementation of sustainable land resource planning and management in the context of environmental change.
Comparative Analysis of Pelvic/Sacral versus Vertebral Chordomas in the US from 2000 to 2020
Authors: Agner Kevin E. , Larkins Michael C.
Published: October 2024

Purpose
Chordomas are rare tumors of the axial skeleton, with 55% of cases affecting the pelvis/sacrum and 10% affecting the vertebrae of the spine. We seek to provide a comparative analysis of demographic, disease, and treatment variables between these two disease sites.
Methods
Patients with chordomas were identified via the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program. Inclusion criteria was malignant chordoma (ICD-O-3 codes 9370/3-9372/3) limited to the pelvis, sacrum, or vertebrae of the spine (PSV). Fisher’s Exact and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted to assess variation between PSV disease sites.
Results
Eight-hundred-ninety-six patients diagnosed with chordomas of the PSV were identified. Patients with pelvic/sacral chordomas were more likely to be older (p < 0.001), non-White (p < 0.001), come from urban counties (p = 0.042), and have more advanced disease (p < 0.001) compared to those with vertebral chordomas. Patients with pelvic/sacral chordomas were also less likely to undergo radiotherapy (p < 0.001) but were more likely to undergo gross total resection (p < 0.001). Five-year overall survival (5y OS) for those with pelvic/sacral chordomas was 72.0% survival [66.8%,77.2%] compared to 71.0% [66.6%,75.4%] for those with vertebral chordomas. Disease histology was associated with variation in 5y OS (p < 0.001); treatment with surgery was associated with increased 5y OS (p < 0.001 for both disease sites).
Conclusion
Significant differences in both distribution and five-year overall survival were seen among patients with chordomas when comparison was conducted with respect to pelvic/sacral versus vertebral disease sites. Further investigation into the impact of disease histology and treatment modalities is warranted.
Percutaneous Vascular Plug in Management of an Acquired Broncho Pleural Cutaneous Fistula
Authors: Alex Ajay , Praveen A , George Niwin , Vinu C V , B Radhika Devi , Jose Neetha
Published: October 2024

Background:
Bronchopleural fistula (BPF) / broncho pleural cutaneous fistula is an abnormal communication between the peripheral bronchial tree and pleural space which can further also open to the skin surface. It is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in addition to poor quality of life. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach with careful evaluation to choose the best approach to treatment.
Case Presentation:
A 36-year-old male presented with a left chest wall tumor with multiple surgeries and CT revealing a left apico-posterior segment broncho pleural cutaneous fistula. Various options for the management of the BPCF including surgery and bronchoscopic occlusion were considered however an IR approach was planned. Plan was for vascular plug occlusion with/without glue embolization of the apico-posterior segmental bronchus. A 6F sheath was placed under direct vision and a 12 mm CERA plug was deployed. After plain plug occlusion, there were no signs of air leak. Various options for management including surgery and bronchoscopy procedures are limited in patients with poor pulmonary reserve. The IR approach offers the advantage of doing the procedure under real-time fluoroscopy, and no airway compromise. However, literature describes the use of glue to seal the interstices of the device which if not sealed was a cause of recurrence later. In our case, we report the percutaneous use of a CERA vascular plug as the sole device, especially since it has a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membrane which ensures occlusion, in addition to its titanium nitride coating which improves epithelialization. This ensures sustained occlusion as the sole agent, unlike other devices including the Amplatzer vascular plug.
Conclusions:
This highlights the relatively easy percutaneous route and the first report of CERA vascular plug usage for managing a case of broncho pleural cutaneous fistula.
EIF2S2 as a Prognostic Marker and Therapeutic Target in Glioblastoma: Insights into its Role and Downstream Mechanisms
Authors: Fan Bo , Pan Qing , Yuan Xiaokai , Du Wei , Yan Zhongjie
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor has a five-year survival rate of less than 5%. The onset of GBM is very complicated and has always been the focus of researchers. This study analyzed data from 155 GBM and 5 normal tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and patients were categorized into high and low EIF2S2 expression groups. The Overall survival and disease-free survival of GBM patients in low expression of EIF2S2 group were significantly higher than those in high expression of EIF2S2 group (p < 0.001), and the expression level of EIF2S2 was significantly correlated with tumor grade (p < 0.001) and tumor recurrence (p < 0.001). The study designed three different short hairpin RNA (shRNA) sequence vectors, identifying shEIF2S2-1 as the most effective. This vector significantly reduced EIF2S2 expression, cell proliferation, and migration while increasing apoptosis in SHG-44 and U251 cells (p < 0.01). By detecting SHG-44 cells infected with shEIF2S2 vector and shCtrl with human whole gene expression chip, we identified WNT5A that is a downstream target gene of EIF2S2. Interfering with WNT5A and overexpressing EIF2S2 in SHG-44 and U251 cells revealed that EIF2S2 regulates WNT5A expression. This regulation led to an increased apoptosis rate (p < 0.05) and a significant reduction in cell migration (p < 0.05) in both the EIF2S2 overexpression and shWNT5A interference groups, confirming that WNT5A is a downstream regulatory target of EIF2S2. This study revealed the key role of EIF2S2 in GBM and its potential molecular mechanism.
Peptide Derived from Bungarus caeruleus Proteome Binds with Higher Affinity to Ethionamide Resistance Regulator of Mycobacterium tuberculosis than Isoniazid
Authors: Singh Priyanka , Jayaraman Gurunathan
Published: October 2024

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious health concern worldwide because of high morbidity and mortality. An increase in multi-drug and extensively drug-resistant (MDR and XDR) strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis has trigged the finding of effective therapeutic alternatives. A computational approach has been utilized to predict and prediction of novel antimycobacterial peptides using the proteome sequences of Bungarus caeruleus (Indian Krait). In-silico digestion of proteome sequences using five different enzymes yielded more than 1000 shorter peptides sequences. Further, the antibacterial peptide was predicted using DBAASP server. Based on the various physiochemical properties (including stability, half-life and ADMET) 11 peptides were taken for molecular docking study. Ethionamide resistance regulator (EthR)-peptide docking was performed using HADDOCK server, and the peptide sequence HGATVAVKQVNRCSKNHL shows the maximum binding affinity with EthR. The binding score was found to be maximum for the peptide with -9.3 kcal/mol in comparison with the standard drug (Isoniazid) with -5.69 kcal/mol when analysed with PRODIGY server. The complex structure and the interactions were found to be stable during the 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations using Gromacs-2023.1. The stability of the complex was analysed in terms of RMSD, RMSF, radius of gyration, H-bond, and SASA. MMPBSA analysis indicated that the free energy of interaction of EthR with peptide and Isoniazid was found to be -36.15 kcal/mol and -6.95 kcal/mol respectively. The results indicate the potential anti-mycobacterial property of this 18-mer peptide which can be validated further through in-vitro and in-vivo studies.
Development and Validation of the Chinese Insulin Medication Literacy Scale (Ch-InMLS) for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Si fangying , Feng Tao , Shi xiangfen , Chen sufang , Yang yongjie
Published: October 2024

Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a simplified insulin medication literacy scale for patients with diabetes mellitus and evaluate its psychometric properties.
Methods: We developed an initial scale based on the framework of knowledge-attitude-practice model (KAP) with skills added, and the items were developed from literature review and insulin related guidelines, semi-structured interviews, cognitive interviews. After two rounds of expert consultation and pilot survey, a final version of the scale was developed. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 553 patients with diabetes mellitus in Zhengzhou for the psychometric evaluation. In the construct validity, the number of participants was 262 for exploratory factor analysis and 291 for confirmatory factor analysis. In the reliability, internal consistency reliability and split-half reliability were evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients.
Results: The final scale consists of 36 items with 4 dimensions, including knowledge, attitude, practice, skill. EFA suggested four factors explaining 67.556% of the total variance (Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin test = 0.944, Bartlett’s test χ2 = 7384.296, P < 0.001). The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fit the data adequately. The Cronbach’s a coefficient was 0.849 for the overall scale and ranged from 0.744 to 0.783 for domains. The Spearman-Brown split-half reliability coefficient was 0.893 for the total scale and ranged from 0.793 to 0.872 for domains. The test-retest reliability coefficient of the total scale was 0.968 and ranged from 0.880 to 0.959 for domains.
Conclusions: The scale has acceptable content validity, construct validity, and good reliability. It can be used to evaluate the level of insulin medication literacy of patients with diabetes mellitus in China.
Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Mental Health App RCTs: Persuasive Design, Engagement, and Efficacy
Authors: Valentine Lee , Hinton Jordan D. X. , Bajaj Kriti , Boyd Larissa , O’Sullivan Shaunagh , Sorenson Rory P. , Bell Imogen , Vega Miguel Sobredo , Liu Virginia , Peters Wilma , Mangelsdorf Shaminka , Wren Thomas , Moller Carl , Cross Shane , McEnery Carla , Bendall Sarah , Nicholas Jennifer , Alvarez-Jimenez Mario
Published: October 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis examined the efficacy of digital mental health apps and the impact of persuasive design principles on engagement and clinical outcomes. Of 119 eligible randomised controlled trials, 92 studies (n=16,728) were included in the analysis. Results demonstrated that mental health apps significantly improved clinical outcomes compared to control groups (g = 0.43). Apps used between 1 and 12 persuasive design principles (mode = 5). Notably, only 76% of studies reported engagement data. Twenty-five engagement metrics were identified across studies and grouped into 10 categories. Meta-regression and correlation analyses found no significant association between persuasive design principles and app efficacy or engagement. Future research should prioritise standardising and documenting engagement metrics and persuasive design principles; differentiating between engagement with mental health apps and real-world behavioural change and exploring the integration of persuasive design with behaviour change models to more accurately assess their influence on engagement and outcomes.
Data mining study on adverse events of cinacalcet based on JADER database
Authors: Tan Feilong , Xia Hongying , Yin Wenjie
Published: October 2024

Background
Cinacalcet is the first calcium-sensing receptor agonist (calcimimetic) primarily indicated for the management of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease. This study aims to evaluate the safety profile of cinacalcet in real-world clinical settings.
Methods
Data on adverse events (AEs) associated with cinacalcet, reported from the second quarter of 2004 to the fourth quarter of 2023, were extracted from the Japanese Adverse Drug Event Report (JADER) database. Data mining was performed using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) method, and the time to onset was analyzed using the Weibull Shape Parameter (WSP).
Results
A total of 663 AE reports related to cinacalcet were identified, involving 284 Preferred Terms (PTs) and 24 System Organ Classes (SOCs). Six noteworthy SOCs qualified based on criteria. Additionally, 67 AEs were identified with positive signals, comprising 41 significant AEs and 36 unexpected AEs. Notable signals that warrant particular attention include parathyroid haemorrhage, electrocardiogram QT shortened, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, nephrolithiasis, intestinal obstruction, pancreatitis, ascites, gastrointestinal necrosis. The majority of AEs occurred within the first month of treatment. The WSP was calculated to be 0.66, indicating an early failure type.
Conclusion
This study has identified several significant and unexpected AEs associated with cinacalcet use, highlighting the need for careful monitoring, especially during the early stages of therapy.
REMINDER program: a randomized controlled trial protocol of a neuropsychological intervention for lifestyle modification in older adults at risk of dementia
Authors: Silva Ana Rita , Baptista Catarina , Baldeiras Inês , Pinho Maria Salomé , Lima Margarida , Afonso Rosa Marina
Published: October 2024

Background
Most dementia risk reduction trials encompass interventions mostly focused in cognitive and health monitoring risk factors, with less focus is given to psychosocial risk factors (e.g. social isolation, depression, anxiety) which can contribute to impoverished engagement in brain protective lifestyles. The REMINDER program was designed to increase at-risk older adults’ competence in terms of cognitive reserve, socialization and emotion regulation skills and goal setting/goal-monitoring; within the framework of the dementia prevention available guidelines.
Aims
This manuscript aim is to present the protocol for two randomized controlled trials for the validation of the REMINDER program.
Methods
The REMINDER study will a Community Trial (cognitively unimpaired older adults at risk; N = 270) and a Clinical Trial (individuals with Mild Cognitive Impairment; N = 270). The Clinical Trial will include an additional harm that combines caregivers’ education and support with the REMINDER program. Participants will take part of the REMINDER program for 20 sessions and complete pre/post and follow-up outcome assessment measures. This neuropsychologist-led group program include education, experiential/reflective and practice moments, including behavior modification techniques throughout the modules. Primary outcomes will be a cognitive function and healthy lifestyle behavior. Secondary outcomes include performance in specific cognitive functions, functional status, psychosocial/mental health indicators and blood-based markers of neurodegeneration.
Conclusions
Part of the World-Wide FINGERS network, the REMINDER program aims to contribute with the inclusion of goal monitoring, emotion regulation techniques, peer support and other behavioral techniques in a dementia prevention trial, fostering engagement and long-term adherence to protective lifestyles across the dementia risk continuum.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrial.gov Identifier NCT05296980
Clinical Relevance and Applicability of the 2022 World Health Organization Classification of Childhood B Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the Context of MRD-Directed Therapy
Authors: Patkar Nikhil , Rajpal Sweta , Chatterjee Gaurav , Bhanshe Prasanna , Terse Vishram , Joshi Swapnali , Chaudhary Shruti , Shetty Dhanlaxmi , Mohanty Purvi , Dhamne Chetan , Tembhare Prashant , Sriniva Shyam , Chichra Akanksha , Moulik Nirmalya Roy , Banavali Shripad , Gujral Sumeet , Narula Gaurav , Subramanian Papagudi
Published: October 2024

WHO5-2022 classification of B-lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) incorporates several novel entities requiring high-throughput sequencing for their accurate characterization. The clinical relevance of this classification in the context of contemporary MRD-directed therapy is unclear. We analyzed 533 pediatric B-ALL uniformly treated with ICiCLe-ALL-14 protocol as defined by WHO2016 and reclassified them as per WHO5-2022 using targeted sequencing, FISH, and cytogenetics. Subtype-defining genetic abnormalities were identified in 81.2% of the cohort as per the WHO5 classification. Among the new subtypes, PAX5alt, MEF2D-r, and BCR::ABL1-like(ABL-class) were associated with an inferior 2-year event-free survival (EFS) of 39.1% (p < 0.0001), 53.8% (p = 0.024) and 60.6% (p = 0.043), respectively. We developed a 3-tier genetic risk stratification model incorporating 15 genetic subtypes and the IKZF1 deletion. Children with standard, intermediate, and high genetic risk demonstrated 2-year EFS of 92.6%, 71.0%, and 50.7% (p < 0.0001), and 2-year overall survival of 94.3%, 81.9%, and 71.6% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Genetic risk further identified heterogeneous outcomes among ICiCLe risk groups (p < 0.0001). Standard genetic risk was associated with superior OS and EFS irrespective of MRD status. We demonstrate the applicability of the WHO5 classification in routine practice and create a general framework for incorporating the WHO5 classification in risk-adapted therapy for childhood B-ALL.
An inorganic “non-targeted” characterization platform for comprehensive monitoring of elements in surface water
Authors: Tirez Kristof , Dehaspe Joni , Stappen Jeroen Van , Joris Ingeborg , Vanhoof Christine , Voorspoels Stefan , Annys Johan
Published: October 2024

Background
The concept of bioavailability influencing environmental risk from metals has gained European regulatory and scientific support, but routine implementation remains a challenge due to the scarcity of physico-chemical data obtained from national surface water monitoring networks for assessing metal complexation with abiotic ligands. It is essential to remain vigilant and to ensure that the narrow focus of our routine analytical equipment does not limit our perspective. The focus blinders in our surface water monitoring networks should not transform into vision blinders, preventing us from considering broader insights and possibilities. Thanks to advancements in analytical instrumentation and data processing capabilities, this study presents an inorganic “non-targeted” characterization platform for wide-eyed and high-quality surface water monitoring that is both time-efficient and cost-effective.
Results
This study evaluated the feasibility of a comprehensive inorganic quantitative non-target analysis combined with geochemical modeling as holistic monitoring, i.e., a complete and comprehensive characterization of matrix and trace elements in Flemish surface water samples. For this purpose, state-of-the-art inductively coupled plasma-tandem mass spectrometry (ICP-MS/MS) and Discrete Analyzer instrumentation were employed to perform quantitative analysis of (nearly) all elements in the periodic table. The obtained quantitative analysis data served as input for the PHREEQC geochemical model to calculate the chemical species of the elements and estimate the concentration of the free metal ion. For elements contributing to standard exceedances in Flemish waterways (e.g. Co), holistic monitoring can enhance understanding of their "(biological) availability" and ecological impact relative to environmental quality standards derived from chronic ecotoxicity data (NOEC or EC10). Different approaches to study the bioavailability of metal/metalloid species in freshwaters are compared, including the implementation of biotic ligand model-based approaches in risk assessment frameworks.
Conclusion
examples of the added value of holistic monitoring, i.e. coupling of a non-target characterization platform with geochemical modeling, are given in terms of i) improved analysis quality on the entire sample and not limited to individual analytes, ii) Improved data interpretation, not only the dissolved concentration per element but the concentration for each element species, iii) Proactive policy on future contaminants: analysis data of elements that are currently not monitored on a routine basis.
Mid-term outcomes of moderate-severe cystocele repairing with autologous fascia lata harvested through a small incision
Authors: Yu Bo , Yang Junfang , Nie Qingyang , Zhang Kun , Han Jinsong , Wang Yiting
Published: October 2024

Introduction and Hypothesis:
To investigate the mid-term outcomes of transvaginal repair for moderate-severe cystocele using autologous fascia lata harvested through a single small incision.
Methods
Between February and October 2022, 35 patients with morderate to severe cystocele undergoing transvaginal repair with autologous fascia lata were included. Patient demographics and perioperative data were collected, with follow-ups through outpatient visits or phone calls. Patients were evaluated by subjective perception of vaginal bulging, physical examination, Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI-20) Questionnaire, patient satisfaction, Patient Global Impression of Improvement (PGI-I) scores, regret rate, willingness to recommend, complications, and harvesting site issue.
Results
The patient’s mean age was 60.44 ± 6.01 years. Fascia lata harvesting took 32.92 ± 19.72 minutes, reconstruction surgery lasted 141.21 ± 37.89 minutes. Follow-up duration was 15.94 ± 2.46 months. 5.7% (2/35) of the patients reported a non-interfering vaginal bulge not requiring treatment. Objective recurrence rate was 4.26% (1/24, Aa or Ba>0) PFDI-20 was significantly improved (P < 0.0001). All 35 patients (100%) were highly satisfied, with PGI-I score very much improved or improved. No patient regretted. 97.14% (34/35) would recommend the procedure. One patient developed poor wound healing at the vaginal apex. One patient developed thromboembolic event. Harvest site: 2.86% (1/35) developed a non-bothersome thigh bulge, 17.14% (6/35) noted an impact on wound appearance, and 8.57% (3/35) reported mild paresthesia.
Conclusion
Autologous fascia lata for cystocele treatment shows promising mid-term outcomes, safely and effectively enhancing QoL with high satisfaction. Despite concerns about leg scarring, no patient regretted and would recommend the procedure. Long-term outcomes require larger follow-up studies.
Adolescent Post-Tuberculosis Lung Disease: Should We Be Concerned?
Authors: Dewi Mutiara , Peryoga Stanza Uga , Wahyudi Kurnia , Nugraha Harry Galuh , Nataprawira Heda Melinda
Published: October 2024

Background
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant issue due to its high incidence and mortality rates but there is a lack of studies addressing the conditions that may arise after treatment, particularly lung impairment in children. Therefore, this study assessed the lung function of adolescents who had undergone TB treatment.
Methods
This comparative, analytical, non-experimental study with a cross-sectional design was conducted using secondary data from a previous study involving fifty-two participants with drug-sensitive TB (DS-TB) and drug-resistant TB (DR-TB) treated at Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Bandung, Indonesia, from July to September 2024. Chest high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans were performed using the Hitachi Sceneria CT-Scanner® and spirometry was conducted with the MIR Spirolab® device utilising a forced expiratory manoeuvre to analyse changes in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1). Data analysis was conducted using paired t-tests in IBM SPSS with a significance level of p < 0.05 and a 95% confidence interval.
Results
Of the fifty-two adolescent pulmonary TB survivors contacted, two of them died and 27 participants were excluded because they were not contactable. HRCT scans of the remaining 23 adolescents identified primarily fibrosis, nodules, and ground-glass appearance (20/23, 19/23, and 10/23, respectively). Only 2 participants had normal HRCT findings and both were DS-TB survivors. Comparative spirometry results over the one-year (mean 12.7 months) follow-up showed a significant increase in FEV1 (p = 0.033, 95% confidence interval [0.5–11.4]) and FVC (p = 0.008, 95% confidence interval [2.1–12.8]).
Conclusions
HRCT scans are essential in the follow-up of adolescent TB survivors as they provide insights into lung damage and detect complications. Repeated spirometry is also necessary to assess and monitor lung function in TB survivors.
Analysis of harmonic and interharmonic components using a recursive and adaptive algorithm to the signal under analysis
Authors: Ferreira Liz Rosana Alvarez , Beuter Carlos Henrique , Hoffmann Alessandra Bortoletto Garbelotti , Oleskovicz Mário
Published: October 2024

This paper presents a technique to characterize, extract, and analyze the information of harmonic and interharmonic components in Electrical Power System (EPS) voltage signals. The contributions include an adaptive threshold that enables the optimal number of signal samples. In addition, the treatment of amplitudes with frequencies very close to each other is performed to solve the problem that can arise when the threshold selects a high number of samples due to spectral scattering. The following frequency concerning a target frequency is defined to find the search direction, and a new correction term for the frequency drift is proposed. The methodology was validated with actual measurements and with an extensive set of synthetic signals with and without noise, created according to recommendations of national and international standards. The results indicate a good characterization of the components and the real possibility of signal reconstruction with a high degree of similarity to the original and easy implementation, which can be a valuable tool for extracting harmonic and interharmonic components from voltage signals.
Heavy metal contamination and health risks assessment in soil-rice system irrigated with wastewater in northern Pakistan
Authors: Ahmad Shoaib , Ali Waqar , Khan Salman , Arifeen Muhammad Zain Ul
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to investigate the transfer of heavy metals from different wastewater flooding to the soil and consequently to plants in Northern Pakistan. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) was chosen due to its widespred consumption in the studied area. The concentration of different heavy metals (HMs) including cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) were assessed in the irrigating water, the soil as well as in different parts of the plant (grain, shoot, and root) from various rice paddies. Health risk associated with these metals were evaluated using daily metal intake (DIM) and health risk index (HRI). Heavy metal concentrations varied across sampling locations, with Cd ranging from 0.1 and 0.49, Pb from 0.8 to 2.2, Cu from 4.2 to 18.2, and Zn from 7.0 to 25.1 mg/kg. DIM was found to be in the order of Zn < Cd < Cu < Pb while HRI was found to be below 1. The HRI was 0.612 and 0.533 for the adults and children, respectively. Cd was found to be in higher concentration than the suggested permissible limit. HMs concentration was higher (P < 0.05) in the soil and crops from paddy fields irrigated with contaminated water compared to the control site. The current study concluded that wastewater use for irrigation led to the accumulation of HMs in a higher concentration in rice grains, which consequently pose potential health risks to the consumers.
Enhancing the agronomic value of dry faecal sludge for agricultural soil amendment by adding natural phosphate rock and other local substrates in Burkina Faso
Authors: Héma Alain Sabiriba , Traoré Mamadou , Zechmeister-Boltenstern Sophie , Koulibaly Bazoumana , Inselsbacher Erich
Published: October 2024

Raw dry faecal sludge in Burkina Faso is commonly used for agricultural soil amendment. Due to its acidity, this application may lead to various forms of soil degradation. The current study aimed to investigate rapid and sustainable agricultural valorization of dry fecal sludge in farming systems through different formulations of dry sludge-based manure. For this purpose, we prepared composite samples of dry faecal sludge from the Dogona station in western Burkina and seven formulations of dry faecal sludge-based manures. Dry faecal sludge amended with natural phosphates, montmorillonite, slaked lime and zinc ore were analyzed for their physicochemical, biochemical, pathogenetic and toxicological properties to evaluate their suitability as agricultural amendment. The results outlined that dry faecal sludge, although having a high organic matter content (25.34 ± 0.09 to 40.97 ± 9.99%), adversely affected soil structural stability because of its low pH (4.58), a low C/N ratio (10.03) and a very high COD/BOD5 ratio of 5.00. However, their content in trace metal elements (Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Cr and Ni) and pathogens (helminth eggs, coliforms and fecal streptococci) were in a range favorable for being used as manure. The different formulations of manures proved to be better organo-mineral amendments compared to raw sludge due to improved properties. The pH was significantly higher (between 7.24 and 7.72), the C/N ratio increased (ranging from 9.40 to 10.09) and the biodegradability indicator COD/BOD5 was significantly lower as well (r2.39 to 2.71). Our results showed that dry faecal sludge amended with local substrates gives new prospects for using these formulations as fertilizers in sustainable soil fertility management while contributing to waste recycling and environmental protection.
RETRACTED: Learning Aggression by Example: How Violence Exposure and Negative Rumination Lead to Cyber-Aggression in College Students
Authors: Zhan Yangyang , Luo Lan , Hu Xinna , Cheng Shiyu
Published: October 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Complement system alteration in iPSC-derived astrocytes from individuals with Down syndrome
Authors: Silva André Luíz Teles e , de Oliveira Pedro Henrique Prado , Yokota-Moreno Bruno Y. , Avila Jonathan P. , Nakaya Helder I. , Fausto Jéssica da Silva , Sertié Andrea L. , Zampieri Bruna L.
Published: October 2024

Down syndrome (DS), or trisomy 21 (T21), resulting from an extra copy of chromosome 21, occurs in 1 in 700–1,000 live births. Neuroinflammation is increasingly recognized as a critical contributor to DS neuropathology, although its underlying drivers remain unclear. In this study, we analyzed available single-nucleus RNA sequencing data from postmortem cortical brain samples of individuals with DS and controls aged 36 years or younger, identifying significant alterations in complement system gene sets. We validated these findings using astrocytes differentiated from urine-derived induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from individuals with DS (T21-iPSC), marking the first study to assess gene expression and protein levels of complement components in T21-iPSC-derived astrocytes. Our results revealed distinct phenotypic changes in T21-iPSC-derived astrocytes, including enlarged cell and nuclear sizes, and enhanced glutamate uptake. Elevated levels of C5aR1 and MASP1 transcripts, as well as increased C4 protein secretion in culture supernatants, suggest dysregulation of the complement system in DS. These findings underscore the role of complement pathway in DS neuropathogenesis and point to potential therapeutic targets to improve the quality of life for individuals with DS.
Single Operational Current Amplifier Based Sinusoidal Oscillators
Authors: Alzaher Hussain , ALKHALIFA IBRAHIM
Published: October 2024

This paper presents important missing sinusoidal oscillators. There are numerous sinusoidal oscillators versions based on the three fundamental amplifiers namely the operational amplifier (OpAmp), the operational transconductance amplifier (OTA), and the operational transresistance amplifier (OTRA) but their counterparts based on the fourth type that is the operational current amplifier (OCA) are to be reported. Traditional applications use voltage-mode oscillators, however, several modern applications such as electrical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) require current-mode oscillators. In the literature, many current-mode oscillators have been proposed; however, they use active building blocks which operate in both voltage and current modes. In this paper, we propose two novel oscillators using the pure current-mode active element namely the OCA. Simulation results obtained from a standard 180nm CMOS process are provided. It is shown that the proposed oscillators consume approximately 120µW while working in the MHz range. Also, experimental results using prototypes implemented using commercially available ICs show the validity of the proposed designs.
Antibacterial Susceptibility Profiles of Isolated Bacterial Uropathogens from Pregnant Women, Yemen
Authors: Mohammed Al
Published: October 2024

Urinary tract infection is regarded as the most prevalent health issue among pregnant women, especially in underdeveloped nations. This study sought to ascertain the incidence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacterial uropathogens isolated from pregnant women in hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen. Two hundred and eighty-five (285) midstream urine specimens were obtained from pregnant women visiting several hospitals in Sana'a, Yemen, between April and August 2024. Bacteriuria was isolated and identified using standard microbiological techniques. The Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was employed to assess antimicrobial susceptibility. The current findings indicated that merely 22.81% of urine specimens had positive growth for bacteriuria, whereas 77.19% were negative. The largest prevalence of bacteriuria, measured at 41.38% and 37.04%, was observed in the age group of 33–38 years, when pregnant women possessed a primary school degree. The prevalence of bacteriuria was notably high at 29.29% in women with main and secondary gravidity. Escherichia coli constituted 41.56% of the prevalent isolates in this investigation, followed by Staphylococcus aureus at 24.68%, Klebsiella spp. at 15.58%, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (10.39%), Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) at 7.79%. The elevated susceptibility of antibiotics was documented: E. coli to ampicillin and cefepime, S. aureus to cefepime, ampicillin, and nitrofurantoin, Klebsiella sp. to cefepime and nitrofurantoin, and P. aeruginosa to cefepime, ampicillin, and vancomycin. In conclusion, antibiotic susceptibility testing is essential prior to prescribing antibiotics for pregnant women to guarantee effective treatment of bacteriuria.
Ost-West-Handel des Revaler Kaufmannes Steffen Pelser (1475–1500)
Authors: Koppe Gert
Published: October 2024

Das Tallinna Linnaarhiiv (TLA), früher das 'Revaler Stadtarchiv', beherbergt eine Vielzahl an kommerziellen Dokumenten des späten 15. Jahrhunderts.
Hansische Umschau 2020
Authors: Jörn Nils
Published: October 2024

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil
Hansische Umschau 2021
Authors: Jörn Nils
Published: October 2024

Vollständiger Rezensionsteil