bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thumb Metacarpal Subsidence After Partial Trapeziectomy With Capsular Interposition Arthroplasty
Authors: Salas Christina , Mercer Deana M. , O’Mahony Gavin , Love James , LaBaze Dukens , Moneim Moheb S.
Published: May 2016

Background: In a cadaveric model, we evaluated thumb metacarpal subsidence, indicated by a decreased metacarpal-to-scaphoid distance, after 2 surgical procedures used to treat thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) osteoarthritis (OA): partial trapeziectomy with capsular interposition (PTCI), which involves removal of 2 mm of both the distal trapezium and base of the metacarpal; and total trapeziectomy with capsular interposition (TTCI). Methods: Nine matched pairs of cadaveric hands were randomly assigned to undergo either PTCI or TTCI. Preoperatively, physiologic forces were applied across the thumb CMC joint by loading 6 tendons, simulating lateral pinch. Anteroposterior radiographs were obtained, and the metacarpal-to-scaphoid distance on each image was estimated independently by 3 separate readers using customized software. A hand surgeon then performed the PTCI and TTCI procedures, and the measurements under loading were repeated. The results were assessed for interrater reliability. Mean values for metacarpal-to-scaphoid distance before and after the surgical procedures were compared. Results: Preoperatively, the metacarpal-to-scaphoid distance in the PTCI and TTCI groups was not significantly different. Postoperatively, metacarpal subsidence was significantly less in the PTCI group (17% compared with 34% for TTCI; P = .05). Conclusions: Metacarpal subsidence occurred after both PTCI and TTCI, but significantly less subsidence was observed after PTCI; thus, thumb length was better preserved. Previous research has shown an inverse correlation between maintenance of thumb length and overall Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) score. A procedure for treating thumb CMC OA that preserves thumb length and minimizes disruption of stabilizing joint tissue may provide enhanced maintenance of thumb stability and improved patient outcomes.
Capitate Chondroblastoma
Authors: Izadpanah Ali , Zreik Riyam T. , Shives Thomas , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: May 2016

Background: Chondroblastomas are benign tumors that typically occur in the epiphysis of long bones. Carpal bone chondroblastomas are very rare and are known to have less aggressive behavior with no evidence of recurrence reported. Methods: We present a case of a recurrent chondroblastoma in the capitate that was treated with repeat curettage, application of phenol, and bone grafting. Results: At 3 years post surgery, the patient is disease free with excellent functional return. Conclusion: Chondroblastomas are rare within the carpus. We present a review of the literature detailing their occurrence and treatment.
Vascularized Bone Grafting in Scaphoid Nonunion
Authors: Alluri Ram K. , Yin Christine , Iorio Matthew L. , Leland Hyuma , Wong Jason , Patel Ketan
Published: May 2016

Background: The radiographic and clinical outcomes following vascularized bone grafting (VBG) for scaphoid nonunion have previously been reported in the literature; however, few studies report on patient-derived outcomes. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of VBG for scaphoid nonunion on patient-derived outcomes. Methods: The MEDLINE and PubMed databases were queried for the use of VBG in scaphoid nonunion. We included studies that reported on patient-derived outcomes. We excluded studies with less than 10 patients or less than 6 months of follow-up. The primary outcomes assessed included functionality, percent and time to return to preinjury activity, postoperative pain, and patient satisfaction. Results: Twenty-six articles described the outcomes of 520 patients with an average of 19.3 patients per study. Functionality was most commonly assessed by the Mayo Modified Wrist Score and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand scores, which improved by 53.1% and 81.7% postoperatively, respectively. Within 16 weeks, 90.3% of patients returned to their previous occupation or sporting activity. Pain was most commonly reported using a 0 to 10 visual analog scale and improved 4-fold postoperatively. Complete satisfaction was reported by 92% of patients. The most common complications were superficial infections (1.56%), neuropathic pain (1.56%), and complex regional pain syndrome (1.25%). Conclusions: VBG for scaphoid nonunion results in the improvement of patient-derived outcomes, and high rates of return to preinjury activity levels and patient satisfaction. Multiple metrics of patient-derived outcomes were utilized by the studies in our review without a clear consensus as to which metric is most responsive and accurate.
Clinical Evaluation After Peripheral Nerve Repair With Caprolactone Neurotube
Authors: Costa Serrão de Araújo Gabriel , Couto Neto Bernardo , Harley Santos Botelho Renato , Carpi Malta Marcio
Published: May 2016

Background: Peripheral nerve injuries with substance loss are challenges to surgeons because direct suture repair may result in malfunction due to nerve suture tension. Autologous nerve grafts are alternatives for treating those lesions; however, harvesting grafts adds morbidity at donor sites. Synthetic substitutes are options to bridge the gaps in these situations. The caprolactone neurotubes are used to assist nerve regeneration, but the literature lacks studies that evaluate their results. Methods: This research was designed to clinically evaluate patients undergoing repair of peripheral nerves with that conduit. We described results of 12 case series consisting of operations with Neurolac®. All nerves severed were sensory and had small gaps (ie, less than 25 mm). Subjective and objective clinical evaluations were performed and registered. Results: Physical examination by monofilament testing and 2-point discrimination showed results rated as good or excellent. However, the patients had complaints regarding sensory changes. Conclusions: Synthetic bioabsorbable guides for nerve repair are promising. The caprolactone conduits were demonstrated to be a safe option treatment and with a simple technique. Although in our study there were some operative complications, they were in line with previous descriptions in the literature. This case series added information about the treatment prognosis, but a higher evidence level study is necessary for decision making.
Timing of Debridement and Infection Rates in Open Fractures of the Hand
Authors: Ketonis Constantinos , Dwyer Joseph , Ilyas Asif M.
Published: May 2016

Background: Literature on open fracture infections has focused primarily on long bones, with limited guidelines available for open hand fractures. In this study, we systematically review the available hand surgery literature to determine infection rates and the effect of debridement timing and antibiotic administration. Methods: Searches of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane computerized literature databases and manual bibliography searches were performed. Descriptive/quantitative data were extracted, and a meta-analysis of different patient cohorts and treatment modalities was performed to compare infection rates. Results: The initial search yielded 61 references. Twelve articles (4 prospective, 8 retrospective) on open hand fractures were included (1669 open fractures). There were 77 total infections (4.6%): 61 (4.4%) of 1391 patients received preoperative antibiotics and 16 (9.4%) of 171 patients did not receive antibiotics. In 7 studies (1106 open fractures), superficial infections (requiring oral antibiotics only) accounted for 86%, whereas deep infections (requiring operative debridement) accounted for 14%. Debridement within 6 hours of injury (2 studies, 188 fractures) resulted in a 4.2% infection rate, whereas debridement within 12 hours of injury (1 study, 193 fractures) resulted in a 3.6% infection rate. Two studies found no correlation of infection and timing to debridement. Conclusions: Overall, the infection rate after open hand fracture remains relatively low. Correlation does exist between the administration of antibiotics and infection, but the majority of infections can be treated with antibiotics alone. Timing of debridement, has not been shown to alter infection rates.
Long-Term Outcomes of Scaphoid Malunion
Authors: Gillette Blake P. , Amadio Peter C. , Kakar Sanjeev
Published: May 2016

Background: The optimal treatment of patients with a scaphoid malunion remains controversial. The long-term outcomes of operative and nonoperative management have not been established. Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of the outcomes of all scaphoid malunions treated at single institution over a 30-year period. This included patients who underwent corrective osteotomy, salvage procedures (ie, dorsal cheilectomy, radial styloidectomy, and scaphoidectomy with midcarpal fusion), and those who refused operative intervention. The Mayo Wrist Score was determined at the time of surgical evaluation. Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE) and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) surveys were sent to all patients for long-term follow-up. Results: Seventeen patients had follow-up at a mean 21.4 years (range, 12-30 years). The mean initial lateral intrascaphoid angle was 58°. Of the 17 patients, 11 proceeded with surgery and 6 opted for nonoperative management. A corrective osteotomy was performed in 4 patients. Of the remaining 7 surgical patients, 5 patients underwent procedures such as cheilectomy and radial styloidectomy, whereas 2 patients had a scaphoidectomy with midcarpal fusion. The final mean PRWE and QuickDASH scores for corrective osteotomy, salvage procedures, and nonoperative treatment were 23 and 6, 18 and 10, and 33 and 22, respectively. Conclusion: Long-term outcomes were similar between operative and nonoperative management.
Biomechanical and Dimensional Measurements of the Pulvertaft Weave Versus the Cow-Hitch Technique
Authors: Vincken Nanette L. A. , Lauwers Thomas M. A. S. , van der Hulst Rene R. W. J.
Published: May 2016

Background: In this study, biomechanical strength and bulkiness of the cow-hitch technique and Pulvertaft weave were compared. Our goal was to investigate whether the cow hitch can withstand equal strength in comparison with the Pulvertaft and to see if there is a difference in bulk, which could enhance gliding function and reduce friction and adhesion formation. Methods: Sheep tendons were used to perform 10 cow-hitch and 10 Pulvertaft repairs. Tensile strength was obtained with a cyclic loading tensile testing machine and tendon width and height measurements were obtained through digital analysis by photographs of the repairs. Results: The cow hitch showed significantly better ultimate strength and had less bulk. There was no statistical difference in displacement, defined as gain in total length of the tendon. Conclusions: The results in this study show that the cow hitch outperforms the Pulvertaft weave in both ultimate strength and bulk.
The Lateral Proximal Phalanx Flap for Contractures and Soft Tissue Defects in the Proximal Interphalangeal Joint
Authors: Beltrán Aldo G. , Romero Camilo J.
Published: May 2016

Background: The management of contractures and soft tissue defects in the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) finger joint remains a challenge. We report a transposition flap from the lateral skin of the proximal phalanx that is based on perforating branches of the digital arteries and can be used safely for both palmar and dorsal cover defects. Methods: We first completed an anatomic study, dissecting 20 fingers in fresh cadavers with arterial injections and made the new flap in patients with dorsal or palmar defects in PIP joints. Results: In cadavers, we can reveal 4 constant branches from each digital artery in the proximal phalanx, with the more distal just in the PIP joint constituting the flap pedicle. Between February 2010 and February 2015, we designed 33 flaps in 29 patients, 7 for dorsal and 26 for palmar defects, with no instances of flap necrosis and 4 distal epidermolysis. The patients were between 4 and 69 years with no major complications, and all of the skin defects in the PIP joint were resolved satisfactorily without any relevant sequelae at the donor site. Conclusions: This flap procedure is an easy, reliable, versatile, and safe technique, and could be an important tool for the management of difficult skin defects and contractures at the PIP joint level.
Performance measures for a deteriorating system subject to imperfect maintenance and delayed repairs
Authors: Castro Inma T , Mercier Sophie
Published: May 2016

A system subject to an accumulating deterioration and continuous monitoring is analyzed in this article. The system deterioration is modeled using a gamma process, and the system is considered as failed when its degradation level exceeds a failure threshold. The maintenance team lasts a fixed time to start the maintenance actions. To prevent downtime, an alert signal is sent in advance to the maintenance team when the degradation level of the system exceeds a preventive threshold. At the maintenance time, three maintenance actions can be performed: preventive replacement, corrective replacement, and imperfect repair. We assume that the repair is imperfect, in a sense that it reduces a part of the degradation accumulated by the system from the last maintenance action. Under these assumptions, integral equations fulfilled by different performance measures are obtained. Numerical examples are given that illustrate the analytical results.
BMP regulates regional gene expression in the dorsal otocyst through canonical and non-canonical intracellular pathways
Authors: Ohta Sho , Wang Baolin , Mansour Suzanne L. , Schoenwolf Gary C.
Published: May 2016

The inner ear consists of two otocyst-derived, structurally and functionally distinct components: the dorsal vestibular and ventral auditory compartments. BMP signaling is required to form the vestibular compartment, but how it complements other required signaling molecules and acts intracellularly is unknown. Using spatially and temporally controlled delivery of signaling pathway regulators to developing chick otocysts, we show that BMP signaling regulates expression of Dlx5 and Hmx3, both of which encode transcription factors essential for vestibular formation. However, while BMP regulates Dlx5 through the canonical SMAD pathway, surprisingly, it regulates Hmx3 through a non-canonical pathway involving both an increase in cAMP-dependent protein kinase A activity and the GLI3R to GLI3A ratio. Thus, both canonical and non-canonical BMP signaling establish the precise spatiotemporal expression of Dlx5 and Hmx3 during dorsal vestibular development. The identification of the non-canonical pathway suggests an intersection point between BMP and SHH signaling, which is required for ventral auditory development.
Genomic profiling of murine mammary tumors identifies potential personalized drug targets for p53 deficient mammary cancers
Authors: Pfefferle Adam D. , Agrawal Yash N. , Koboldt Daniel C. , Kanchi Krishna L. , Herschkowitz Jason I. , Mardis Elaine R. , Rosen Jeffrey M. , Perou Charles M.
Published: May 2016

Targeted therapies against basal-like breast tumors, which are typically ‘triple negative breast cancers (TNBC)’, remain an important unmet clinical need. Somatic TP53 mutations are the most common genetic event in basal-like and TNBC breast tumors. To identify additional drivers and possible drug targets of this subtype, a comparative study between human and murine tumors was performed utilizing a murine Trp53null mammary transplant tumor model.

We show that two subsets of murine Trp53null mammary transplant tumors resemble aspects of the human basal-like subtype. DNA microarray, whole genome, and exome-based sequencing approaches were used to interrogate the secondary genetic aberrations of these tumors, which were then compared to human basal-like tumors to identify conserved somatic genetic features. DNA copy number variation produced the largest number of conserved candidate personalized drug targets. These candidates were filtered using a DNA-RNA Pearson correlation cutoff and a requirement that the gene was deemed essential in at least 5% of human breast cancer cell lines from a RNA-mediated interference screen database. Five potential personalized drug target genes were identified which were spontaneously amplified loci in both murine and human basal-like tumors: Cul4a, Lamp1, Met, Pnpla6, and Tubgcp3. As a proof of concept, inhibition of Met using Crizotinib caused Met amplified murine tumors to initially undergo complete regression.

This study identifies Met as a promising drug target in a subset of murine Trp53null tumors, thus identifying a potential shared driver with a subset of human basal-like breast cancer. Our results also highlight the importance of comparative genomic studies for discovering personalized drug targets and for providing a preclinical model for further investigations of key tumor signaling pathways.
Generating Novelty Through Interdependent Routines: A Process Model of Routine Work
Authors: Deken Fleur , Carlile Paul R. , Berends Hans , Lauche Kristina
Published: May 2016

We investigate how multiple actors accomplish interdependent routine performances directed at novel intended outcomes and how this affects routine dynamics over time. We report findings from a longitudinal ethnographic study in an automotive company where actors developed a new business model around information-based services. By analyzing episodes involving interdependent routines, we develop a process model of routine work and dynamics across routines. We identify three types of routine work (flexing, stretching, and inventing) that generate increasingly novel actions and outcomes. Flexed, stretched, and invented performances create emerging consequences for further actions across routines and surface differences between actors that could lead to breakdowns of routine work. Actors respond to such consequences through iterative and cascading episodes of routine work. We discuss how our findings provide new insights in efforts to create variable routine performances and the consequences of interdependence for routine dynamics.
Allergic rhinitis: MASTering a common problem
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: May 2016

Estimates of the prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children vary widely between countries. However, up to 40% of children in the UK may have allergic rhinitis, which seems to be linked to numerous factors and can impair educational performance and quality of life, exacerbate co-morbid asthma, and increase the risk of internalising behaviours. The assessment of patients with allergic rhinitis should cover four areas, encompassed by the mnemonic ‘MAST’: medication, associated conditions, severity, timing. Several effective treatments—including antihistamines and intranasal corticosteroids—are available, but teaching staff may need education about this ubiquitous condition.
Project-based learning
Authors: Bromley Matt
Published: May 2016

The impact that project-based learning can have on student outcomes and motivation is well-known. In the first of a two-part series, Matt Bromley looks at the golden rules for incorporating this approach into your classroom and the curriculum
Review
Authors: Fox Paul M.
Published: May 2016

Postcolonialism, Diaspora, and Alternative Histories: The Cinema of Evans Chan, Tony Williams (ed) (2015) Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 169 pp., ISBN: 9789888208166, h/bk, HKD590.00 / USD79.00
Constructing identities in Second Life: The challenge of representation in cyberspace
Authors: Johnson Phylis , Pluskota Jonathan P.
Published: May 2016

This article centres on understanding the issues of representation involved during identity construction in Second Life, and how it applies to virtual worlds more broadly. After a review of traditional and new media literature, the author examines several threads within the Second Life Community Forum related to race, ethnicity and gender bias among residents over a nearly four year period of time. Appearance, most notably skin colour, has been one of the most significant points raised (and argued) during forum discussions. The authors propose a duality of outcomes for virtual world participants; while there may be benefits of experimentation, such experiences do not lend themselves towards the actualization of a utopian society free of discrimination and cultural barriers. Second Life, in particular, offers some promise towards better understanding the dynamics contributing towards authenticity in identity construction and representation, and offers members opportunities to view others outside of their individual lens and social sphere. Challenges remain in real and virtual worlds, and cultural exchanges in (or perceptions of) both should be further examined.
A Novel CFD Method to Estimate Heat Transfer Coefficient for High Speed Flows
Authors: Bhandarkar A. , Dharavath Malsur , Chandra Murty M.S.R. , Manna P. , Chakraborty Debasis
Published: May 2016

Accurate prediction of surface temperature of high speed aerospace vehicle is very necessary for the selection of material and determination of wall thickness. For aerothermal characterisation of any high speed vehicle in its full trajectory, it requires number of detailed computational fluid dynamics (CFD) calculations with different isothermal calculations. From the detailed CFD calculations for different flow conditions and geometries, it is observed that heat transfer coefficients scale with the difference of adiabatic wall temperature and skin temperature. A simple ‘isothermal method’, is proposed to calculate heat flux data with only two CFD simulations one on adiabatic condition and other on isothermal condition. The proposed methodology is validated for number of high speed test cases involving external aerodynamic heating as well as high speed combusting flow. The computed heat fluxes and surface temperatures matches well with experimental and flight measured values.
Exploring quality programs for English language learners in charter schools: A framework to guide future research
Authors: Garcia Peggie , Morales P. Zitlali
Published: May 2016

Although there has been a great deal of debate about the effectiveness of charter schools in the research literature, there has been surprisingly little attention paid to English language learners (ELLs) in charter schools. Moreover, the charter school research has predominantly focused on whether or not charter schools are effective rather than how or why high-performing charter schools work, particularly for ELLs. We contend that researchers must expand their focus beyond access and achievement and begin to grapple with questions related to the quality of programs for ELLs in charter schools. To meet an emerging need in the field, we synthesize several strands of existing research—related to charter schools, school improvement, and ELLs in traditional public schools—to propose a five-component framework that describes essential elements of quality programs for ELLs in charter schools. We conclude with a discussion of implications of our framework for research, policy, and practice.
Analyzing of Coatings on Steel - Reinforced Concrete Elements by Mobile NMR
Authors: Orlowsky J.
Published: May 2016

A large number of infrastructural concrete buildings are protected against aggressive environments by coating systems. The functionality of these coating systems is mainly affected by the composition and thickness of the individual polymeric layers. For the first time ever, a mobile nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) sensor allows a non-destructive determination of these important parameters on the building site. However, before this technique can be used on steel-reinforced concrete elements, the potential effect of the reinforcement on the measurement, i.e. the NMR signal, needs to be studied. The results show a shift of the NMR profile as well as an increase of the signals amplitude in the case of the reinforced samples, while calculating the thickness of concrete coating leading to identical results.
Identification of the Interference in the Investment Process During the Realization of a Shopping Centre – A Case Study
Authors: Lendo-Siwicka M. , Połoński M. , Pawluk K.
Published: May 2016

During the planning and controlling of the construction process, most attention is focused on risk analysis, especially in the context of final costs and deadlines of the investment. In this analysis, the primary and most significant concern is the proper identification and quantification of events, which on a certain level of probability may affect the development process. This paper presents the result of a risk analysis for a particular building object, made after completion of the investment and accepting it for use. Knowledge of the planned values and the actual investment process allowed for the identification of the events and their effects that in this case have significantly disrupted the investment process. The limited total cost of the investment project in question had a considerable impact on the progress of the project execution. Despite three transitions of administrative procedures, the opening date of the shopping centre was delayed by only three weeks.
Hydroxyapatite-modified gelatin bioinks for bone bioprinting
Authors: Wenz Annika , Janke Katharina , Hoch Eva , Tovar Günter E.M. , Borchers Kirsten , Kluger Petra J.
Published: May 2016

In bioprinting approaches, the choice of bioink plays an important role since it must be processable with the selected printing method, but also cytocompatible and biofunctional. Therefore, a crosslinkable gelatin-based ink was modified with hydroxyapatite (HAp) particles, representing the composite buildup of natural bone. The inks’ viscosity was significantly increased by the addition of HAp, making the material processable with extrusion-based methods. The storage moduli of the formed hydrogels rose significantly, depicting improved mechanical properties. A cytocompatibility assay revealed suitable ranges for photoinitiator and HAp concentrations. As a proof of concept, the modified ink was printed together with cells, yielding stable three-dimensional constructs containing a homogeneously distributed mineralization and viable cells.
Identification of a novel microRNA, miR-4449, as a potential blood based marker in multiple myeloma
Authors: Shen Xianjuan , Ye Yan , Qi Jing , Shi Wei , Wu Xinhua , Ni Hongbing , Cong Hui , Ju Shaoqing
Published: May 2016

Background:

miRNAs act in diverse biological processes including development, cell growth, apoptosis, and hematopoiesis, suggesting their role in cancer.

Methods:

We examined the miRNAs perturbed in CD138+ primary multiple myeloma (MM) cells, using microarray analysis and real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Serum miR-4449 expression levels were detected from 71 primary MM patients and 46 healthy controls by RT-qPCR.

Results:

Our analysis revealed up-regulation of 54 and down-regulation of 28 miRNAs in MM subjects compared to healthy controls. miR-4449 has not been reported in MM. It was found that the relative expression of bone marrow miR-4449 in MM patients (2.14±1.42) was higher than that in healthy controls (0.815±0.165) (U=8, p=0.0093). The relative expression of serum miR-4449 in MM patients (2.11±2.10) was significantly higher than that in healthy controls (0.357±0.235) (U=374, p<0.0001) and was significantly correlated with β

Conclusions:

The expression levels of serum miR-4449 in MM patients were significantly higher than in healthy controls, suggesting that it may prove to be useful in the auxiliary diagnosis of MM.
A Note on the Mantel-Haenszel Estimators When the Common Effect Assumptions Are Violated
Authors: Noma Hisashi , Nagashima Kengo
Published: May 2016

The Mantel-Haenszel estimators for the common effect parameters of stratified 2×2 tables have been widely adopted in epidemiological and clinical studies for controlling the effects of confounding factors. Although the Mantel-Haenszel estimators are simple and effective estimating methods, the correctness of the common effect assumptions cannot be justified in general practices. Also then, the targeted “common effect parameters” do not exist. Under these settings, even if the Mantel-Haenszel estimators have desirable properties, it is quite uncertain what they estimate and how the estimates are interpreted. In this article, we conducted theoretical evaluations for their asymptotic behaviors when the common effect assumptions are violated. We explicitly showed that the Mantel-Haenszel estimators converge to weighted averages of stratum-specific effect parameters and they can be interpreted as intuitive summaries of the stratum-specific effect measures. Also, the Mantel-Haenszel estimators correspond to the standardized effect measures on standard distributions of stratification variables to be the total cohort, approximately. In addition, the ordinary sandwich-type variance estimators are still valid for quantifying variabilities of the Mantel-Haenszel estimators. We implemented numerical studies based on two epidemiologic studies of breast cancer and schizophrenia for evaluating empirical properties of these estimators, and confirmed general validities of these theoretical results.
Pathways between BMI and adherence to weight management in adolescence
Authors: Prioste Ana , Fonseca Helena , Pereira Cícero R. , Sousa Pedro , Gaspar Pedro , do Céu Machado Maria
Published: May 2016

Background:

In order to understand the mechanisms involved in how overweight adolescents adhere to weight management and perceive its benefits, a few variables have been identified, namely, body mass index (BMI), body self-esteem (BSE) and positive perspective of life (PPL).

Methods:

In a sample of 112 adolescents, we investigated whether BMI would predict adolescents’ self-efficacy/adherence (SEA) to weight management and perception of its benefits. A structural equation modeling approach was chosen. We hypothesized that perceived quality of life (PQL) would mediate the relationships between BMI and SEA and between BMI and perception of benefits (PB).

Results:

The results suggested that BMI is not directly associated with SEA and PB. However, PQL was identified as a mediator between BMI and SEA and PB.

Conclusion:

These findings bring important implications for understanding overweight adolescents’ adherence to weight management. There is evidence that adolescents’ adherence to weight management and PB are not predicted by their BMI. However, it has been shown that PQL mediates this process. For a long time, health professionals have been too focused on BMI. Time has come to be more focused on quality of life and how to improve it.
Phase and Frequency Matching-based Signal Processing Method for Coriolis Mass Flowmeters
Authors: Tu Yaqing , Shen Yanlin , Zhang Haitao , Li Ming
Published: May 2016

Signal processing precision of Coriolis mass flowmeters affects the measurement accuracy directly. To improve the measurement accuracy of Coriolis mass flowmeters, a phase and frequency matching-based signal processing method for Coriolis mass flowmeters is proposed. Estimated phase difference is obtained by means of frequency estimation, 90° phase shift, generating reference signals and cross-correlation. Simulated results demonstrate that the proposed method has better phase difference estimation and anti-interference performance than the Hilbert transform method, cross-correlation method, data extension-based correlation method, and quadrature delay estimator. Measurement results of Coriolis mass flowmeters verify the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in practice.
3D Body Scanning Measurement System Associated with RF Imaging, Zero-padding and Parallel Processing
Authors: Kim Hyung Tae , Jin Kyung Chan , Kim Seung Taek , Kim Jongseok , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: May 2016

This work presents a novel signal processing method for high-speed 3D body measurements using millimeter waves with a general processing unit (GPU) and zero-padding fast Fourier transform (ZPFFT). The proposed measurement system consists of a radio-frequency (RF) antenna array for a penetrable measurement, a high-speed analog-to-digital converter (ADC) for significant data acquisition, and a general processing unit for fast signal processing. The RF waves of the transmitter and the receiver are converted to real and imaginary signals that are sampled by a high-speed ADC and synchronized with the kinematic positions of the scanner. Because the distance between the surface and the antenna is related to the peak frequency of the conjugate signals, a fast Fourier transform (FFT) is applied to the signal processing after the sampling. The sampling time is finite owing to a short scanning time, and the physical resolution needs to be increased; further, zero-padding is applied to interpolate the spectra of the sampled signals to consider a 1/m floating point frequency. The GPU and parallel algorithm are applied to accelerate the speed of the ZPFFT because of the large number of additional mathematical operations of the ZPFFT. 3D body images are finally obtained by spectrograms that are the arrangement of the ZPFFT in a 3D space.
Crystal structure of poly-[bis(μ
3-5-hydroxyisophtalato-κ3
O:O′:O′′)(μ
2-1,4-bis(2-ethylbenzimidazol-1-ylmethyl)benzene-κ2
N:N′)dizinc(II)], C40H30N4O5Zn2
Authors: Xu Chunying , Lou Xinhua , Wang Shimin
Published: May 2016

C40H30N4O5Zn2, triclinic, P1̅ (No. 2), a = 8.5232(17) Å, b = 9.947(2) Å, c = 11.555(2) Å, α = 72.76(3)°, β = 77.78(3)°, γ = 70.13(3)°, V = 873.2(3) Å3, Z = 1, R
gt
(F) = 0.0363, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.0852, T = 293(2) K.
Study on preparation and properties of carbon nanotubes/hollow glass microspheres/epoxy syntactic foam
Authors: Zhang Xingguo , Ya Bin , Huang Bingkun , Zhou Bingwen , Pei Leizhen , Jia Fei
Published: May 2016

Hollow glass microspheres (HGMs)/epoxy syntactic foam reinforced by multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was prepared in this study. The effect of MWCNTs on the density, mechanical properties and water absorption of HGMs/epoxy syntactic foam was investigated. Because of the low density and low content of MWCNTs, the density of HGMs/epoxy syntactic foam does not change much with adding MWCNTs. In addition, the compression strength of HGMs/epoxy is enhanced by 17–25% when adding 0.3 wt% MWCNTs. The fracture surfaces of specimens were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and results indicated that the bridging effect of MWCNTs is the reinforcement mechanism. Analyzing the water absorption testing results, it is concluded that MWCNTs may decrease the water absorption content due to the hydrophobicity. Bigger inorganic ions in salt water could prevent the water diffusion, which results in a decrease of water absorption. In addition, the water absorption rate decreases with the extension of testing time.
Effect of nano-BaTiO3 on thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties of HDDA/TPA photopolymer prepared by a digital light processor RP machine
Authors: Wicaksono Sigit Tri , Chiu Shih-Hsuan , Chen Kun-Ting , Pong Sheng-Hong
Published: May 2016

The acrylate-based photopolymer consists of tetra-functional polyester acrylate (TPA), and hexanediol diacrylate (HDDA) has been successfully composited with nano barium titanate (BaTiO3) and completely cured via a digital light processor RP machine. The degradation temperature, tensile strength, hardness, resistivity, and dielectric constant of samples were characterized by Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer Hi-Res TGA2950, Universal Tensile Machine JIA701, Hardness Shore D tester, Fluke 117 multimeter, and Agilent B1500A Semiconductor Device Analyzer, respectively. The morphology changes of the samples were also investigated using the JEOL JSM-6390LV scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that the improvement of degradation temperature is not obvious. Furthermore, the modulus elasticity, hardness, and dielectric constant increase as the filler loading increases up to 2 phr, but the resistivity is vice versa. Interestingly, there is an inverse correlation between dielectric constant and resistivity of photopolymer/BaTiO3 nanocomposite.
General Principles of Integrity Checking of Digital Images and Application for Steganalysis
Authors: Kobozeva Alla A. , Bobok Ivan I. , Garbuz Artem I.
Published: May 2016

The new common approach for integrity checking of digital images is developed. The new features of formal parameters defining image are revealed, theoretically grounded and practically tested. The characteristics of the mutual arrangement of left and right singular vectors corresponding to the largest singular value of the image’s matrix (block of matrix) and the vector composed of singular numbers is obtained. Formal parameters are obtained using normal singular decomposition of matrix (block of matrix) which is uniquely determined. It is shown that for most blocks of original image (no matter lossy or lossless) the angle between the left (right) mentioned singular vector and vector composed of singular numbers is defined by the angle between the n-optimal vector and the vector of standard basis of the range corresponding dimension. It is shown that the determined feature brakes for the mentioned formal parameters in a non-original image. This shows the integrity violation of the image, i.e. the existence of the additional information embedded using steganography algorithms. So this can be used as a basis for development of new universal steganography methods and algorithms, and one example of the realization is proposed. The efficiency of the proposed algorithm won’t depend on the details of steganography method used for embedding. All the obtained results can be easily adapted for the digital video and audio analysis.
Analyzing the Vocabulary Demands of Introductory College Textbooks
Authors: Thonney Teresa
Published: May 2016

This article describes a study designed to compare the vocabulary demands of introductory college textbooks in several disciplines. The results suggest that the new-vocabulary load in biology textbooks is not as high as that in foreign-language textbooks – as has often been reported – but is higher than in other disciplines. The article concludes with suggestions for helping students manage the vocabulary demands of introductory courses across the curriculum.
Did Foul Play Lead to the Patients' Comas? Investigating Possible Attempted Murders by Insulin & Related Compounds
Authors: Meidl Katherine , Browning Samantha , Urschler Margaret , Khan Basima , Milanick Mark
Published: May 2016

The action of hormones such as insulin in contributing to life-threatening diseases such as diabetes may be difficult for students to understand. To teach students the critical details of the regulation of blood glucose and the different types of diabetes, we created a laboratory exercise using a five-patient hypoglycemic–hyperglycemic coma case.
Using MapBox Software to Help Students See Trends in Biology
Authors: Poli DorothyBelle , Stoneman Lisa , Siburn Anna , Bader William , Clarke Emma
Published: May 2016

Technology applications can offer an accessible way for teachers to bring the real world into science classes. Using MapBox Studio, a free mapping software program, our cross-disciplinary student teams were able to visually conceptualize large datasets and see emerging trends for themselves, facilitating the research process while making student learning more active and engaged.
TSH enhancement of FT4 to FT3 conversion is age dependent
Authors: Strich David , Karavani Gilad , Edri Shalom , Gillis David
Published: May 2016

Objective

We previously reported increasing free T3 (FT3) to free T4 (FT4) ratios as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) increases within the normal range in children. It is not known if this phenomenon is age-related among humans, as previously reported in rats. This study examines the relationships between TSH and FT3/FT4 ratios in different ages.

Design

Retrospective examination of thyroid tests from patients without thyroid disease from community clinics.

Methods

Free T3, free T4, and TSH levels from 527 564 sera collected from patients aged 1 year or greater were studied. Exclusion criteria were the following: missing data, TSH greater than 7.5mIU/L, and medications that may interfere with thyroid hormone activity. A total of 27 940 samples remaining after exclusion were stratified by age. Samples with available anthropometric data were additionally stratified for body mass index (BMI). Correlations of TSH to FT4, FT3, and FT3/FT4 ratios by age group were examined.

Results

Up to age 40, for each increasing TSH quartile, FT3 and the FT3/FT4 ratio increased and FT4 decreased significantly (for both FT3, FT4 and FT3/FT4 ratio,P<0.05 for every TSH quartile when compared with the 1st quartile, except FT3 in the 30–40 age group). In older age groups, increasing TSH was not associated with increased FT3/FT4 ratio.

Conclusion

As TSH levels increase, FT3/FT4 ratios increase until age 40, but this differential increase does not occur in older age groups. This may reflect a decrease in thyroxine (T4) to triiodothyronine (T3) conversion with age, which may be part of the aging process.
DIEZ AÑOS DEL PROGRAMA FEDERAL “BOLSA ATLETA”: UNA DESCRIPCIÓN DE LAS MODALIDADES PARALÍMPICAS (2005-2014) (versión traducida al español)
Authors: Reis Rafael Estevam , Moraes e Silva Marcelo , Figuerôa Katiuscia Mello , De Almeida Bárbara Schaustek , Mezzadri Fernando Marinho
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo tiene como objetivo realizar una descripción del programa del gobierno federal denominado "Bolsa-Atleta". Las fuentes utilizadas en los análisis fueron las listas de los atletas incluidos, disponibles en el portal del Ministerio del Deporte; se delimitó el estudio a los años entre 2005 y 2014. De estas listas se utilizó para los análisis solamente la información referente a las modalidades Paralímpicas, para un total de 7815 becas concedidas. A manera de conclusión, la investigación señala que el programa "Beca-Atleta" le da prioridad a aquellos deportistas con un desempeño más elevado, a los de sexo masculino y a los de las regiones más desarrolladas económicamente.
CONFIANZA EMOCIONAL Y RACIONAL EN MARKETING POLÍTICO // RATIONAL AND EMOTIONAL TRUST IN POLITICAL MARKETING // CONFIANÇA EMOCIONAL E RACIONAL EM MARKETING POLÍTICO
Authors: Blazquez manzano Alberto , Gutiérrez Caballero Juana María
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo de reflexión desarrolla un análisis de los cambios producidos en la comunicación en el contexto político y la influencia que tienen los medios de comunicación. A partir de ahí, se centra en el valor de la confianza bajo un paradigma más racional y efímero. Por último se desarrollan estrategias prácticas para mejorar el engagement entre los seguidores.
Modelling impact of climate change and air pollution in cities
Authors: Lu Chengpeng , Ren Wanxia , Jiang Lu , Xue Bing
Published: May 2016

Considering the significance and importance of urban sustainability in China and China’s history of rapid urbanisation and industrialisation, this paper aims to incorporate the investigation of climate change and air pollution in urban sustainability research in China through a driver-pressure-state-impact-response model. The model has 12 indices: population, enterprise, registered vehicles, energy consumption, emissions and concentrations of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide, land use change, annual temperature, tropical nights and reforestation were selected. It was used in the analysis of 14 cities in the Liaoning Province. The results show that the model is an effective tool for urban sustainability research, allowing for the investigation of interactions of climate change and air pollution and contributing to the body of knowledge by aiding generation of realistic and practical measures.
Double Knockout of the Na+-Driven Cl−/HCO3 − Exchanger and Na+/Cl− Cotransporter Induces Hypokalemia and Volume Depletion
Authors: Sinning Anne , Radionov Nikita , Trepiccione Francesco , López-Cayuqueo Karen I. , Jayat Maximilien , Baron Stéphanie , Cornière Nicolas , Alexander R. Todd , Hadchouel Juliette , Eladari Dominique , Hübner Christian A. , Chambrey Régine
Published: May 2016

We recently described a novel thiazide–sensitive electroneutral NaCl transport mechanism resulting from the parallel operation of the Cl−/HCO3
− exchanger pendrin and the Na+–driven Cl−/2HCO3
− exchanger (NDCBE) in β-intercalated cells of the collecting duct. Although a role for pendrin in maintaining Na+ balance, intravascular volume, and BP is well supported, there is no in vivo evidence for the role of NDCBE in maintaining Na+ balance. Here, we show that deletion of NDCBE in mice caused only subtle perturbations of Na+ homeostasis and provide evidence that the Na+/Cl− cotransporter (NCC) compensated for the inactivation of NDCBE. To unmask the role of NDCBE, we generated Ndcbe/Ncc double–knockout (dKO) mice. On a normal salt diet, dKO and single-knockout mice exhibited similar activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, whereas only dKO mice displayed a lower blood K+ concentration. Furthermore, dKO mice displayed upregulation of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the Ca2+–activated K+ channel BKCa. During NaCl depletion, only dKO mice developed marked intravascular volume contraction, despite dramatically increased renin activity. Notably, the increase in aldosterone levels expected on NaCl depletion was attenuated in dKO mice, and single-knockout and dKO mice had similar blood K+ concentrations under this condition. In conclusion, NDCBE is necessary for maintaining sodium balance and intravascular volume during salt depletion or NCC inactivation in mice. Furthermore, NDCBE has an important role in the prevention of hypokalemia. Because NCC and NDCBE are both thiazide targets, the combined inhibition of NCC and the NDCBE/pendrin system may explain thiazide-induced hypokalemia in some patients.
Klotho May Ameliorate Proteinuria by Targeting TRPC6 Channels in Podocytes
Authors: Kim Ji-Hee , Xie Jian , Hwang Kyu-Hee , Wu Yueh-Lin , Oliver Noelynn , Eom Minseob , Park Kyu-Sang , Barrezueta Nestor , Kong In-Deok , Fracasso R. Paul , Huang Chou-Long , Cha Seung-Kuy
Published: May 2016

Klotho is a type-1 membrane protein predominantly produced in the kidney, the extracellular domain of which is secreted into the systemic circulation. Membranous and secreted Klotho protect organs, including the kidney, but whether and how Klotho directly protects the glomerular filter is unknown. Here, we report that secreted Klotho suppressed transient receptor potential channel 6 (TRPC6)-mediated Ca2+ influx in cultured mouse podocytes by inhibiting phosphoinositide 3-kinase-dependent exocytosis of the channel. Furthermore, soluble Klotho reduced ATP-stimulated actin cytoskeletal remodeling and transepithelial albumin leakage in these cells. Overexpression of TRPC6 by gene delivery in mice induced albuminuria, and exogenous administration of Klotho ameliorated the albuminuria. Notably, immunofluorescence and in situ hybridization revealed Klotho expression in podocytes of mouse and human kidney. Heterozygous Klotho-deficient CKD mice had aggravated albuminuria compared with that in wild-type CKD mice with a similar degree of hypertension and reduced clearance function. Finally, disrupting the integrity of glomerular filter by saline infusion-mediated extracellular fluid volume expansion increased urinary Klotho excretion. These results reveal a potential novel function of Klotho in protecting the glomerular filter, and may offer a new therapeutic strategy for treatment of proteinuria.
MARCAS DE ORALIDADE NO CADERNO KZUKA – UM OLHAR SOB A PERSPECTIVA DOS ESTUDOS CULTURAIS
Authors: Bicca Angela Dillmann Nunes , Cunha Ana Paula De Araujo , Bierhals Raquel Neutzling
Published: May 2016

Neste estudo, buscamos compreender como as marcas de oralidade presentes no jornalismo estão implicadas na constituição de identidades culturais juvenis. Sob a perspectiva dos Estudos Culturais, discutimos, a partir da abordagem discursiva da Representação Cultural, os modos como o Caderno Kzuka – periódico semanal do jornal gaúcho Zero Hora – promove uma forma de Pedagogia Cultural, ao incorporar expressões e elementos tipicamente juvenis ao texto escrito no semanário.