bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Red blood cell counts in sows during lactation
Authors: Joksimovic-Todorovic Mirjana , Davidovic Vesna , Bokan Ljiljana
Published: October 2011

In the course of parturition and lactation, sows are susceptible to stress and make an effort to adapt to the newly-formed situation through different endocrine and metabolic mechanisms. In addition to endocrine, biochemical changes, hematological changes also occur in the sow organism. Having these facts in mind, the objective of this work was to examine the changes in the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit value, hematological indexes: mean corpuscular erythrocyte volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) in erythrocyte and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) in erythrocytes, as well as sedimentation values during the period of lactation in sows. The experiment was performed on ten sows of the Swedish Landrace breed, from which blood was taken on the first day postpartum (1-6 h), and during the third and fourth weeks of lactation. The obtained results of hematological analyses indicated a reduced number of erythrocytes, haemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value during the lactation period. The number of erythrocytes was significantly lower at the end of lactation in comparison with the number established on the first day postpartum. The hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value were very significantly lower at the end of lactation against the first day postpartum. The values of the hematological indexes MCV, MCH and MCHC did not differ significantly in any of the examined periods. The rate of erythrocyte sedimentation was determined 1 h and 2 h postpartum.
Radioactivity in food in Belgrade city
Authors: Vitorovic Gordana , Mitrovic Branislava , Grdovic Svetlana , Petrujkic Branko , Vitorovic Dusko
Published: October 2011

The activity concentrations of 40K, 238U, 226Ra, 232Th and 137Cs were measured using the gamma spectrometric method in different food chain samples from the area of the City of Belgrade during the periods May-June 2007 and May-June 2008. Relatively high activities of 40K and 137Cs were detected in the soil. These results indicate that 137Cs is present in the area of Belgrade even 20 years after the nuclear accident in the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. However, in the samples of feedstuffs, animal products and bio indicators (meat of wild animals and fish), activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides and 137Cs were low and below the detection limits. The results of these trials have shown that investigated animal products from the natural environment around Belgrade are radioactivity safe.
Parameters for quantity calculations of poultry by-products
Authors: Okanovic Djordje , Milicevic Dragan , Ristic Milutin
Published: October 2011

A significant group of inedible by-products from industrial slaughterhouses that can be used as a raw material for processing into quality feed for pigs and pets are byproducts of slaughtered poultry. The poultry industry yields a large amount of inedible byproducts of which the removal or processing requires hygienic and economic solutions. These activities primarily include the protection of the environmental from degradation processes and biological pollution, as well as securing high-protein animal feed. The incorporation of inedible slaughtered poultry by-products into food for animals involves the application of various technological processes. These processes should be simple and feasible for investments where it is necessary to obtain a quality product. At the same time, it must be taken into account that the production process does not create new secondary products or waste gases that could contaminate the environment. Scientific knowledge in the field of exploitation of inedible slaughtered poultry by-products provides the necessary basis for calculating the amount of certain types of raw materials.
Undesired reaction following intramuscular application of medicine: Case history
Authors: Stevancevic Milenko , Toholj Bojan , Potkonjak Aleksandar
Published: October 2011

The paper describes the therapy of a neck wound in a horse that occurred as a consequence of an inflammatory reaction to an administered medicine. During the clinical examination, we established that it was a neck wound that had occurred as a consequence of an inflammatory reaction on the spot where the medicine had been administered. There was an expressed fist-size tissue defect, with necrosis covering the skin, the subcutaneous tissue, the cutaneous muscle, and the neck musculature. The ventral part of the wound contained a pocket with exudate and hypergranulation. Therapy was based on asceptic treatment of the area around the wound, trimming the edges of the wound, washing the wound, removing hypergranulation, draining, protecting the area from drying, applying treatment with antibiotics. The wound healed per secundam intentionem.
Stimulatory Effect of Insulin on Glucose Uptake by Muscle Involves the Central Nervous System in Insulin-Sensitive Mice
Authors: Coomans Claudia P. , Biermasz Nienke R. , Geerling Janine J. , Guigas Bruno , Rensen Patrick C.N. , Havekes Louis M. , Romijn Johannes A.
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE

Insulin inhibits endogenous glucose production (EGP) and stimulates glucose uptake in peripheral tissues. Hypothalamic insulin signaling is required for the inhibitory effects of insulin on EGP. We examined the contribution of central insulin signaling on circulating insulin–stimulated tissue-specific glucose uptake.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Tolbutamide, an inhibitor of ATP-sensitive K+ channels (KATP channels), or vehicle was infused into the lateral ventricle in the basal state and during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic conditions in postabsorptive, chow-fed C57Bl/6J mice and in postabsorptive C57Bl/6J mice with diet-induced obesity. Whole-body glucose uptake was measured by d-[14C]glucose kinetics and tissue-specific glucose uptake by 2-deoxy-d-[3H]glucose uptake.

RESULTS

During clamp conditions, intracerebroventricular administration of tolbutamide impaired the ability of insulin to inhibit EGP by ∼20%. In addition, intracerebroventricular tolbutamide diminished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle (by ∼59%) but not in heart or adipose tissue. In contrast, in insulin-resistant mice with diet-induced obesity, intracerebroventricular tolbutamide did not alter the effects of insulin during clamp conditions on EGP or glucose uptake by muscle.

CONCLUSIONS

Insulin stimulates glucose uptake in muscle in part through effects via KATP channels in the central nervous system, in analogy with the inhibitory effects of insulin on EGP. High-fat diet–induced obesity abolished the central effects of insulin on liver and muscle. These observations stress the role of central insulin resistance in the pathophysiology of diet-induced insulin resistance.
Susceptibility of Glucokinase-MODY Mutants to Inactivation by Oxidative Stress in Pancreatic β-Cells
Authors: Cullen Kirsty S. , Matschinsky Franz M. , Agius Loranne , Arden Catherine
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE

The posttranslational regulation of glucokinase (GK) differs in hepatocytes and pancreatic β-cells. We tested the hypothesis that GK mutants that cause maturity-onset diabetes of the young (GK-MODY) show compromised activity and posttranslational regulation in β-cells.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Activity and protein expression of GK-MODY and persistent hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia of infancy (PHHI) mutants were studied in β-cell (MIN6) and non–β-cell (H4IIE) models. Binding of GK to phosphofructo-2-kinase, fructose-2,6-bisphosphatase (PFK2/FBPase2) was studied by bimolecular fluorescence complementation in cell-based models.

RESULTS

Nine of 11 GK-MODY mutants that have minimal effect on enzyme kinetics in vitro showed decreased specific activity relative to wild type when expressed in β-cells. A subset of these were stable in non–β-cells but showed increased inactivation in conditions of oxidative stress and partial reversal of inactivation by dithiothreitol. Unlike the GK-MODY mutants, four of five GK-PHHI mutants had similar specific activity to wild type and Y214C had higher activity than wild type. The GK-binding protein PFK2/FBPase2 protected wild-type GK from oxidative inactivation and the decreased stability of GK-MODY mutants correlated with decreased interaction with PFK2/FBPase2.

CONCLUSIONS

Several GK-MODY mutants show posttranslational defects in β-cells characterized by increased susceptibility to oxidative stress and/or protein instability. Regulation of GK activity through modulation of thiol status may be a physiological regulatory mechanism for the control of GK activity in β-cells.
Combination of the Framingham Risk Score and Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Improves the Prediction of Cardiovascular Events in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Yoshida Michiko , Mita Tomoya , Yamamoto Risako , Shimizu Tomoaki , Ikeda Fuki , Ohmura Chie , Kanazawa Akio , Hirose Takahisa , Kawamori Ryuzo , Watada Hirotaka
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate whether carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) add value to the Framingham risk score (FRS) in predicting the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) in type 2 diabetic patients with a negative history of CVD.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Type 2 diabetic patients (n = 783) were retrospectively recruited and followed for CVD.

RESULTS

During a 5.4-year follow-up period, 85 incidences of CVD were recorded (10.9%). After adjustment for conventional arterial risk factors, multivariate analysis with the Cox proportional hazards model identified IMT, but not baPWV, as a significant determinant of CVD. In addition, the combination of FRS with IMT, but not with baPWV, improved the prediction of CVD.

CONCLUSIONS

Carotid IMT is a significant predictor of CVD in asymptomatic type 2 diabetic patients, and the combination of FRS and IMT improves the prediction of CVD in these patients.
Serum Uric Acid Levels and Incident Chronic Kidney Disease in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Preserved Kidney Function
Authors: Zoppini Giacomo , Targher Giovanni , Chonchol Michel , Ortalda Vittorio , Abaterusso Cataldo , Pichiri Isabella , Negri Carlo , Bonora Enzo
Published: October 2011

OBJECTIVE

Recent studies have suggested an association between hyperuricemia and adverse renal outcomes in nondiabetic populations. Data on the relationship between hyperuricemia and the risk of incident chronic kidney disease (CKD) in type 2 diabetic patients with normal or near-normal kidney function are lacking. We determined whether baseline serum uric acid levels predict the subsequent development of CKD in patients with type 2 diabetes.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We followed 1,449 type 2 diabetic patients with normal kidney function and without overt proteinuria for 5 years for the occurrence of incident CKD (defined as overt proteinuria or estimated glomerular filtration rate [eGFR] <60 mL/min/1.73 m2).

RESULTS

During a 5-year follow-up period, 194 (13.4%) patients developed incident CKD. The cumulative incidence of CKD was significantly greater in patients with hyperuricemia than in those without hyperuricemia (29.5 vs. 11.4%, P < 0.001). In univariate logistic regression analysis, the presence of hyperuricemia roughly doubled the risk of developing CKD (odds ratio [OR] 2.55 [95% CI 1.71–3.85], P < 0.001). After adjusting for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, diabetes duration, systolic blood pressure, antihypertensive treatment, insulin therapy, HbA1c, eGFR, and albuminuria, hyperuricemia was associated with an increased risk of incident CKD (adjusted OR 2.10 [1.16–3.76], P < 0.01). In continuous analyses, a 1-SD increment in the serum uric acid level was significantly associated with a 21% increased risk of CKD.

CONCLUSIONS

In type 2 diabetic individuals with preserved kidney function, hyperuricemia seems to be an independent risk factor for the development of incident CKD.
Efficacy of Gait Training With Real-Time Biofeedback in Correcting Knee Hyperextension Patterns in Young Women
Authors: Teran-Yengle Patricia , Birkhofer Rebecca , Weber Megan A. , Patton Kimberly , Thatcher Erin , Yack H. John
Published: October 2011

Study Design

Single cohort study.

Objectives

To investigate the efficacy of real-time biofeedback provided during treadmill gait training to correct knee hyperextension in asymptomatic females while walking.

Background

Knee hyperextension is associated with increased stress to the posterior capsule of the knee joint, anterior cruciate ligament, and the anterior compartment of the tibiofemoral joint. Previous methods aimed at correcting knee hyperextension have shown limited success.

Methods

Ten women, ages 18 to 39 years, with asymptomatic knee hyperextension during ambulation, were provided with 6 sessions of real-time feedback of kinematic data (Visual 3D) during treadmill training. Gait evaluations were performed pretraining, posttraining, and 1 month after the last training session.

Results

Participants showed improved control of knee hyperextension during overground walking at 1.3 m/s at posttraining and at 1 month posttraining.

Conclusion

The present study demonstrated that knee sagittal plane kinematics may be influenced by gait retraining using real-time biofeedback. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2011;41(12):948–952, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2011.3660
The Effects of Isolated Hip Abductor and External Rotator Muscle Strengthening on Pain, Health Status, and Hip Strength in Females With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Khayambashi Khalil , Mohammadkhani Zeynab , Ghaznavi Kourosh , Lyle Mark A. , Powers Christopher M.
Published: October 2011

Study Design

Randomized controlled trial.

Objectives

To examine the effectiveness of isolated hip abductor and external rotator strengthening on pain, health status, and hip strength in females with patellofemoral pain (PFP).

Background

Altered hip kinematics resulting from hip muscle weakness has been proposed as a contributing factor in the development of PFP. To date, no study has examined clinical outcomes associated with isolated hip muscle strengthening in those with PFP.

Methods

Twenty-eight females with PFP were sequentially assigned to an exercise (n = 14) or a no-exercise control group (n = 14). The exercise group completed bilateral hip abductor and external rotator strengthening 3 times per week for 8 weeks. Pain (visual analog scale), health status (WOMAC), and hip strength (handheld dynamometer) were assessed at baseline and postintervention. Pain and health status were also evaluated at 6 months postintervention in the exercise group. Two-factor mixed-model analyses of variance were used to determine the effects of the intervention on each outcome variable.

Results

Significant group-by-time interactions were observed for each variable of interest. Post hoc testing revealed that pain, health status, and bilateral hip strength improved in the exercise group following the 8-week intervention but did not change in the control group. Improvements in pain and health status were sustained at 6-month follow-up in the exercise group.

Conclusion

A program of isolated hip abductor and external rotator strengthening was effective in improving pain and health status in females with PFP compared to a no-exercise control group. The incorporation of hip-strengthening exercises should be considered when designing a rehabilitation program for females with PFP.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 2b. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(1):22–29, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3704
Clinical Examination Procedures to Determine the Effect of Axial Decompression on Low Back Pain Symptoms in People With Chronic Low Back Pain
Authors: Holtzman Gregory , Harris-Hayes Marcie , Hoffman Shannon L. , Zou Dequan , Edgeworth Rebecca A. , Van Dillen Linda R.
Published: October 2011

Study Design

Observational.

Objective

To assess the effects of spinal decompression procedures performed during a clinical exam on low back pain (LBP) symptoms.

Background

Not all patients report an immediate or complete improvement in symptoms when the direction of lumbar motion or alignment is corrected according to principles of the movement system impairment (MSI) model. Axial compression of the spine may be responsible for the remaining symptoms.

Methods

Seventy subjects (mean ± SD age, 41.9 ± 11.5 years; 38 females, 32 males) with chronic LBP were evaluated using a standardized MSI exam. Seven tests assessing the effects of spinal decompression on LBP were added to the exam if the subjects' symptoms were not alleviated with typical standardized corrections of movement and alignment. For each test of decompression, subjects reported their symptoms compared to a reference movement or position.

Results

When decompression was performed during lateral bending to the right and left, 21 of 21 (100%) and 16 of 20 (80%) subjects, respectively, reported an improvement. When traction was applied to subjects in right and left sidelying, 6 of 11 (55%) and 7 of 9 (78%), respectively, reported an improvement. When patients performed a push-up in sitting, 36 of 51 (71%) reported an improvement. In subjects who had symptoms in unsupported sitting, 41 of 57 (72%) reported an improvement in supported sitting. In subjects who reported symptoms in standing, 33 of 47 (70%) reported an improvement in hook-lying.

Conclusion

Patients with chronic LBP consistently reported an improvement in symptoms with tests proposed to decrease the axial load on the spine. These tests are a quick and effective way to assess the contribution of axial decompression to LBP symptoms and potentially could be used as part of the plan of care. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):105–113, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3724
Risk Factors for Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lankhorst Nienke E. , Bierma-Zeinstra Sita M.A. , van Middelkoop Marienke
Published: October 2011

Study Design

Systematic review.

Objectives

To systematically outline the risk factors for patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS).

Background

PFPS is the most commonly diagnosed condition in young individuals with knee complaints. High incidence among athletes suggests a possibility of prevention. The first step toward prevention is identification of possible risk factors.

Methods

Prospective studies that included 20 or more patients with PFPS and examined at least 1 possible risk factor for PFPS were included. An assessment list was applied to evaluate the quality of the studies. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model. Significant differences were based on calculated mean differences, with matching 95% confidence intervals (CIs). For dichotomous data, odds ratios or relative risks were calculated.

Results

Of the 3845 potentially relevant articles, 7 were included in this review. These studies examined a total of 135 variables, and pooling was possible for 13 potential risk factors. The pooled data showed that knee extension peak torques were significantly lower in the PFPS group than in controls. Mean differences in torque, with negative differences reflecting lower means in the PFPS group, were as follows: (a) standardized relative to body weight at 60°/s, −0.24 Nm (95% CI: −0.39, −0.09); (b) standardized relative to body weight at 240°/s, −0.11 Nm (95% CI: −0.17, −0.05); (c) standardized relative to body mass index at 60°/s, −0.84 Nm (95% CI: −1.23, −0.44); (d) standardized relative to body mass index at 240°/s, −0.32 Nm (95% CI: −0.52, −0.12); (e) nonstandardized in a concentric mode at 60°/s, −17.54 Nm (95% CI: −25.53, −9.54); (f) nonstandardized in a concentric mode at 240°/s, −7.72 Nm (95% CI: −12.67, −2.77).

Conclusion

Weaker knee extension strength, expressed by peak torque, appears to be a risk factor for PFPS, based on meta-analyses of pooled results from multiple studies. Because several other risk factors for PFPS were described only in single studies, these additional risk factors, as well as those with conflicting evidence, need to be confirmed in future studies.

Level of Evidence

Prognosis, level 1a-. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012;42(2):81–94, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3803
Manual Physical Therapy for Injection-Confirmed Nonacute Acromioclavicular Joint Pain
Authors: Harris Kevin D. , Deyle Gail D. , Gill Norman W. , Howes Robert R.
Published: October 2011

Study Design

Prospective single-cohort study.

Objectives

To determine and document changes in pain and disability in patients with primary, nonacute acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) pain treated with a manual therapy approach.

Background

To our knowledge, there are no published studies on the physical therapy management of nonacute ACJ pain. Manual physical therapy has been successful in the treatment of other shoulder conditions.

Methods

The chief inclusion criterion was greater than 50% pain relief with an ACJ diagnostic injection. Patients were excluded if they had sustained an ACJ injury within the previous 12 months. Treatment was conducted utilizing a manual physical therapy approach that addressed all associated impairments in the shoulder girdle and cervicothoracic spine. The primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index. Secondary measures were the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon and global rating of change scales. Outcomes were collected at baseline, 4 weeks, and 6 months. The Shoulder Pain and Disability Index and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon scale values were analyzed with a repeated-measures analysis of variance.

Results

Thirteen patients (11 male; mean ± SD age, 41.1 ± 9.6 years) completed treatment consisting of an average of 6.4 sessions. Compared to baseline, there was a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement for the Shoulder Pain and Disability Index at 4 weeks (P = .001; mean, 25.9 points; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 11.9, 39.8) and 6 months (P<.001; mean, 29.8 points; 95% CI: 16.5, 43.0), and the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeon scale at 4 weeks (P<.001; mean, 27.9 points; 95% CI: 14.7, 41.1) and 6 months (P<.001; mean, 32.6 points; 95% CI: 21.2, 43.9).

Conclusions

Statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvements were observed in all outcome measures at 4 weeks and 6 months, following a short series of manual therapy interventions. These results, in a small cohort of patients, suggest the efficacy of this treatment approach but need to be verified by a randomized controlled trial.

Level of Evidence

Therapy, level 4. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2012:42(2):66–80, Epub 25 October 2011. doi:10.2519/jospt.2012.3866
Comparative Analysis of the Structural Properties of the Collateral Ligaments of the Human Knee
Authors: Wilson William T. , Deakin Angela H. , Payne Anthony P. , Picard Frederic , Wearing Scott C.
Published: October 2011

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study.

Background

Varus knee instability arising from lateral collateral ligament (LCL) injury increases stress on cruciate ligament grafts, potentially leading to failure of reconstructed ligaments. In contrast to the medial collateral ligament (MCL), little is known about the structural properties of the LCL.

Objectives

To compare the tensile properties of the LCL and MCL complex of the human knee joint.

Methods

Ten fresh-frozen cadaveric knees (mean ± SD age, 81 ± 11 years), free of gross musculoskeletal pathology, were obtained. Following dissection, the length, width, and thickness of the ligaments were measured using calipers, and bone-ligament-bone preparations were mounted in a uniaxial load frame. After preconditioning, specimens were extended to failure at a rate of 500 mm/min (approximately 20%/s). Force and crosshead displacement were used to calculate structural properties, including stiffness, yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and failure energy.

Results

The fan-shaped MCL was significantly longer (60%; P<.001), wider (680%; P<.001), and thinner (19%; P = .009) than the cord-like LCL. The LCL failed at either the fibular attachment (n = 6) or midsubstance (n = 4), while failure of the MCL primarily occurred at the femoral attachment (n = 7). Although the ultimate tensile strength of the MCL (mean ± SD, 799 ± 209 N) was twice that of the LCL (392 ± 104 N; P<.001), there was no significant difference in stiffness of the ligaments (MCL, 63 ± 14 N/mm; LCL, 59 ± 12 N/mm).

Conclusions

Despite differences in geometry and strength, there was no significant difference in stiffness of the MCL and LCL when tested in vitro.
Are Principal Background and School Processes Related to Teacher Job Satisfaction? A Multilevel Study Using Schools and Staffing Survey 2003-04
Authors: Shen Jianping , Leslie Jeffrey M. , Spybrook Jessaca K. , Ma Xin
Published: October 2011

Using nationally representative samples for public school teachers and principals, the authors inquired into whether principal background and school processes are related to teacher job satisfaction. Employing hierarchical linear modeling (HLM), the authors were able to control for background characteristics at both the teacher and school levels. They found that 17% of the total variance in teacher job satisfaction is between schools, a statistically significant amount that indicates schools can make a difference in teacher job satisfaction. The authors found that school processes—particularly career and working conditions, staff collegiality, administrative support, and to a lesser extent, positive student behavior and teacher empowerment—are positively associated with teacher job satisfaction. Although two principal background variables—the experience of being a department head or an athletic coach/director—are statistically significant, the authors found the block of school process variables explains far more variance than the block of principal background variables. Based on the findings, the authors discussed issues such as the complexity of the phenomenon of teacher job satisfaction, the role of school process versus principal background, and monetary versus cultural factors.
Automatic Speech Recognition for CALL: A Task-Specific Application for Training Nurses
Authors: Walker Nicholas R. , Cedergren Henrietta , Trofimovich Pavel , Gatbonton Elizabeth
Published: October 2011

In recent years, language researchers and teachers have attempted to put meaningful communication at the centre of learners' classroom interactions. Yet the majority of existing computer-assisted language learning (CALL) applications have relied on largely non-communicative learner-computer interactions. The challenge facing CALL developers, therefore, is to explore new ways of providing learners with communicative practice. This article reviews existing uses of automatic speech recognition in second and foreign language teaching and describes the development of an innovative interactive automatic speech recognition system for developing second language speaking skills. This system uses video clips and the EduSpeak speech recognition system to simulate a nurse-patient interview. The system allows learners (for example, health care professionals whose first language is not English) to ask questions to an English-speaking patient and to receive both meaningful responses from the patient and feedback about their own pronunciation accuracy from the speech recognizer.
Exploring the Determinants of Language Barriers in Health Care (LBHC): Toward a Research Agenda for the Language Sciences
Authors: Segalowitz Norman , Kehayia Eva
Published: October 2011

There is growing interest in language barriers in health care (LBHC) – interest, that is, in how the quality of health care service delivery might be compromised when patients and health care providers do not share the same first language. This article discusses LBHC as an emerging research area that provides valuable opportunities for researchers in various branches of the language sciences – including, among others, applied linguistics, theoretical linguistics, psycholinguistics, second language acquisition – to conduct basic research and to make contributions to the socially important area of medical communication. This article also proposes a research agenda aimed at attracting general language researchers to the study of LBHC, an agenda that is theory driven, programmatic, problem-solving oriented, and interdisciplinary in scope. In proposing this agenda, selected examples have been reviewed from the current literature that can serve as illustrative models for how future research into LBHC can proceed.
Norme pédagogique et infirmières bilingues en milieu francophone minoritaire
Authors: Beaulieu Suzie
Published: October 2011

Résumé

Les infirmières œuvrant dans leur langue seconde (L2) font face à divers problèmes langagiers en milieu clinique dont la difficulté à comprendre l'accent des patients et les expressions appartenant au registre familier qu'ils emploient. Ces résultats sont peu surprenants puisque l'enseignement des L2 est souvent implicitement orienté vers l'acquisition de la variété standard de la langue cible. Pour intégrer une plus grande variété linguistique dans l'enseignement des L2, le concept de norme pédagogique, qui en premier lieu vise à refléter le comportement linguistique observable des locuteurs de la langue cible, peut être utilisé. Cette étude propose de déterminer la norme pédagogique à adopter dans la formation langagière en français L2 d’étudiants en sciences infirmières en milieu minoritaire francophone.
Learning about HIV/AIDS in Uganda: Digital Resources and Language Learner Identities
Authors: Norton Bonny , Jones Shelley , Ahimbisibwe Daniel
Published: October 2011

While the HIV/AIDS epidemic has wrought havoc in the lives of millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa, access to information about the causes, symptoms, and treatment of the disease remains a challenge for many, and particularly for young people. This article reports on an action research study undertaken in a rural Ugandan village in 2006. Twelve English language learners, all of whom were young women, participated in this study. The focus was a digital literacy course that sought to help the participants gain access to information about HIV/AIDS through global health Web sites available in English, Uganda's official language. Our conceptual framework is drawn from theories of investment and imagined identities in the field of language education, and our central questions are twofold: (1) What were the learners’ investments in the language practices of the digital literacy course? and (2) What was the relationship between the learners’ investments in the course and their identities? Our findings suggest that the learners’ multiple investments in the digital literacy course derived not only from the significance of HIV/AIDS to their lives, but also from the opportunity to appropriate a range of imagined identities that offered enhanced possibilities for the future.
Role of Radiation Therapy in the Management of Renal Cell Cancer
Authors: Blanco Angel I. , Teh Bin S. , Amato Robert J.
Published: October 2011

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is traditionally considered to be radioresistant; therefore, conventional radiotherapy (RT) fraction sizes of 1.8 to 2 Gy are thought to have little role in the management of primary RCC, especially for curative disease. In the setting of metastatic RCC, conventionally fractionated RT has been an effective palliative treatment in 50% of patients. Recent technological advances in radiation oncology have led to the clinical implementation of image-guided radiotherapy, allowing biologically potent doses to the tumors intra- and extra-cranially. As predicted by radiobiologic modeling, favorable outcomes have been observed with highly hypofractionated schemes modeled after the experience with intracranial stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for RCC brain metastases with reported local control rates averaging 85%. At present, both primary and metastatic RCC tumors may be successfully treated using stereotactic approaches, which utilize steep dose gradients to maximally preserve function and avoid toxicity of adjacent organs including liver, uninvolved kidney, bowel, and spinal cord regions. Future endeavors will combine stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) with novel targeted therapies, such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and targeted rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors, to maximize both local and systemic control.
Increase in Docetaxel-Resistance of Ovarian Carcinoma-Derived RMG-1 Cells with Enhanced Expression of Lewis Y Antigen
Authors: Zhang Fan , Liu Juanjuan , Lin Bei , Liu Qing , Zhao Yue , Zhu Liancheng , Hao Yingying , Zhang Shulan , Iwamori Masao
Published: October 2011

Epithelial carcinomas of the ovary exhibit the highest mortality rate among gynecologic malignancies. Studies found that the metabolism of glycolipids or carbohydrates is associated with acquirement of anticancer drug-resistance by cancer cells. This study was to characterize possible involvement of Lewis Y (LeY) antigen in the drug-resistance of cancer cells. We transfected the α1,2-fucosyltransferase gene into human ovarian carcinoma-derived RMG-1 cells and established RMG-1-hFUT cells with enhanced expression of LeY. We determined the effects of docetaxel on the survival of cells by MTT assaying and observed the apoptosis of cells in the presence of docetaxel by flow cytometric analysis and by transmission electron microscopy. Plasma membranes and intracellular granules in RMG-1-hFUT cells were stained with anti-LeY antibody, the intensity of the staining was higher than that in control cells. The RMG-1-hFUT cells exhibited higher resistance to docetaxel than the control cells with regard to the docetaxel concentration and time course. After treatment with 10 μg/mL docetaxel for 72 h, the control cells, but not RMG-1-hFUT, contained abundant positively stained cell debris due to disintegration of the cytoskeleton. On transmission electron microscopy, although the control cells treated with docetaxel as above showed the following morphology, i.e., absence of villi, cells shrunken in size, pyknosis, agglutinated chromatin and cell buds containing nuclei in the process of apoptosis, the RMG-1-hFUT cells showed only agglutinated chromatin and vacuoles in the cytoplasm. In summary, cells with enhanced expression of LeY were shown to acquire docetaxel-resistance, indicating the possible involvement of glycoconjugates in the drug-resistance.
Effects of Polysaccharide Elicitors from Endophytic Fusarium oxysporium Dzf17 on Growth and Diosgenin Production in Cell Suspension Culture of Dioscorea zingiberensis
Authors: Li Peiqin , Mou Yan , Shan Tijiang , Xu Jianmei , Li Yan , Lu Shiqiong , Zhou Ligang
Published: October 2011

Three polysaccharides, namely exopolysaccharide (EPS), water-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (WPS) and sodium hydroxide-extracted mycelial polysaccharide (SPS), were prepared from the endophytic fungus Fusarium oxysporium Dzf17 isolated from the rhizomes of Dioscorea zingiberensis. The effects of the time of addition and polysaccharide concentration on the growth and diosgenin accumulation in cell suspension culture of D. zingiberensis were studied. Among them, WPS was found to be the most effective polysaccharide. When WPS was added to the medium at 20 mg/L on the 25th day of culture, the cell dry weight was increased 1.34-fold, diosgenin content 2.85-fold, and diosgenin yield 3.83-fold in comparison to those of control. EPS and SPS showed moderate and relatively weak enhancement effects on cell growth and diosgenin accumulation, respectively. The dynamics of cell growth and diosgenin accumulation when WPS was added to the medium at 20 mg/L on the 25th day of culture were investigated, and results showed that dry weight of cells reached a maximum value on day 30 but the maximum diosgenin content was achieved on day 31.
Correction: Ngo, T.D. LinkMind: Link Optimization in Swarming Mobile Sensor Networks. Sensors 2011, 11, 8180-8202
Authors: Ngo Trung Dung
Published: October 2011

The author’s affiliation was wrong in [1]. The “National University of Brunei” should be “University of Brunei Darussalam”. [...]
Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ascorbic Acid Using a Poly(aniline-co-m-ferrocenylaniline) Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode
Authors: Chairam Sanoe , Sriraksa Worawit , Amatatongchai Maliwan , Somsook Ekasith
Published: October 2011

A poly(aniline-co-m-ferrocenylaniline) was successfully synthesized on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) by electrochemical copolymerization using a scan potential range from −0.3 to +0.9 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in 0.5 M H2SO4 containing 30% acetonitrile (ACN), 0.1 M aniline (Ani) and 0.005 M m-ferrocenyaniline (m-FcAni). The field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and electrochemical methods were used to characterize the poly(Ani-co-m-FcAni) modified electrode. The poly(Ani-co-m-FcAni)/GCE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic oxidation of ascorbic acid (AA) in citrate buffer solution (CBS, pH 5.0). The anodic peak potential of AA was shifted from +0.55 V at the bare GCE to +0.25 V at the poly(Ani-co-m-FcAni)/GCE with higher current responses than those seen on the bare GCE. The scan number at the 10th cycle was selected as the maximum scan cycle in electrochemical polymerization. The limit of detection (LOD) was estimated to be 2.0 mM based on the signal-to-noise ratio (S/N = 3). The amperometric responses demonstrated an excellent selectivity for AA determination over glucose (Glu) and dopamine (DA).
A Highly Sensitive and Selective Competition Assay for the Detection of Cysteine Using Mercury-Specific DNA, Hg2+ and Sybr Green I
Authors: Xu Hui , Gao Shuli , Liu Quanwen , Pan Dun , Wang Lihua , Ren Shuzhen , Ding Min , Chen Jingwen , Liu Gang
Published: October 2011

We here report a rapid, sensitive, selective and label-free fluorescence detection method for cysteine (Cys). The conformation of mercury-specific DNA (MSD) changes from a random coil form to a hairpin structure in the presence of Hg2+ due to the formation of a thymine-Hg2+-thymine (T-Hg2+-T) complex. Cys can selectively coordinate with Hg2+ and extract it from the thymine-Hg2+-thymine complex. The hairpin structure dehybridizes and the fluorescence intensity of Sybr Green I (SG) decreases upon addition of Cys because SG efficiently discriminates mercury-specific DNA and mercury-specific DNA/Hg2+ complex. The detection can be finished within 5 min with high sensitivity and selectivity. In addition, we can obtain variable dynamic ranges for Cys by changing the concentration of MSD/Hg2+.
Energy Return on Investment for Norwegian Oil and Gas from 1991 to 2008
Authors: Grandell Leena , Hall Charles A.S. , Höök Mikael
Published: October 2011

Norwegian oil and gas fields are relatively new and of high quality, which has led, during recent decades, to very high profitability both financially and in terms of energy production. One useful measure for profitability is Energy Return on Investment, EROI. Our analysis shows that EROI for Norwegian petroleum production ranged from 44:1 in the early 1990s to a maximum of 59:1 in 1996, to about 40:1 in the latter half of the last decade. To compare globally, only very few, if any, resources show such favorable EROI values as those found in the Norwegian oil and gas sector. However, the declining trend in recent years is most likely due to ageing of the fields whereas varying drilling intensity might have a smaller impact on the net energy gain of the fields. We expect the EROI of Norwegian oil and gas production to deteriorate further as the fields become older. More energy-intensive production techniques will gain in importance.
Intraosseous lipoma in the ulna and radius of a two-year-old Leonberger
Authors: Nakladal B. , vom Hagen F. , Olias P. , Brunnberg L.
Published: October 2011

This report describes a case of intraosseous lipoma in a two-year-old Leonberger. The dog was presented with a history of ten month lameness in the right forelimb. A massive swelling from the elbow to the carpus of the right forelimb was visible. Treatment with anti-inflammatory medications by the local veterinarian for ten months was unsuccessful and the dog was presented at the university clinic. Radiographic images showed that the diaphyseal part of the ulna was affected by extensive cyst-like osteolysis. Furthermore, the distal metaphysis of the radius showed cyst-like osteolytic changes. The soft-tissue mass and parts of the ulna periosteum were surgically resected. Histopathological analysis of the mass in combination with clinical, surgical and radiographic findings was diagnostic for an intraosseous lipoma. The dog had a good long-term outcome as it was free of any signs of recurrence at the follow-up examinations performed after 18 months and after five years. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first description of intraosseous lipoma in a dog.
In vitro biomechanical comparison of three methods for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures in dogs
Authors: McLaughlin R. M. , Elder S. H. , Fisher S. C.
Published: October 2011

The in vitro biomechanical properties of three methods for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures were evaluated. Fifty cadaveric femora from Beagle dogs were used. Ten intact femora served as controls. In 40 femora, an osteotomy of the femoral neck was performed to simulate a transverse fracture. With the remaining 30 femora, three repair methods (two medium Orthofix pins, a 2.7 mm cortical bone screw placed in lag fashion and an anti-rotational Kirschner wire, or three divergent 1.1 mm Kirschner wires) were used to stabilize the osteotomies, and 10 osteotomies were stabilised per repair method. These 30 femora where then subject to monotonic loading to failure. Construct stiffness and load to failure were measured. In the remaining 10 femora, pressure sensitive film was placed at the osteotomy site prior to stabilization with either two Orthofix pins (n = 5) or a screw placed in lag fashion (n = 5) to determine the compressive pressure (MPa), compressive force (KN) and area of compression (cm2).

There was no significant difference in the stiffness or load to failure for the three repair methods evaluated. There was no significant difference in the compressive pressure, compressive force or area of compression in osteotomies stabilized with Orthofix pins and 2.7 mm bone screws.
Linear-circular external skeletal fixation of intra-condylar humeral fractures with supracondylar comminution in four cats
Authors: Clements D. N. , Yeadon R. , Fitzpatrick N. , Silva H. R.
Published: October 2011

Objectives: Intra-condylar humeral fracture with supracondylar comminution in cats is rare, and the stabilisation for such fractures is challenging. The purpose of our study was to describe the use of a hybrid external skeletal fixator, and to report the complications and outcomes of this surgical technique.

Methods: A retrospective review was performed of clinical, radiographic and surgical records of all cats with intra-condylar humeral fractures and non-reconstructable supracondylar comminution stabilized by linear-circular external skeletal fixator in two institutions between January 2005 and March 2010.

Results: Four cats met the inclusion criteria of the study. All cases achieved fracture union and clinical outcome was considered excellent at the time of the final assessment (11 – 24 weeks).

Clinical significance: This study demonstrates that a linear-circular fixator system can be used successfully in the management of intra-con dylar humeral fractures with non-reconstructable supracondylar comminution in cats.
WESTERN EXPERIENCE IN THE AREA OF PRIORITY OF HIGH-QUALITY HIGHER EDUCATION
Authors: Keiss Stanislavs , Grisins Arkadijs
Published: October 2011

The paper contains research results of contemporary foreign experience of the most developed countries on providing a strategic priority of high-quality higher education, including the growth of the role of continuity and creativity elements in it. The paper deals with the nowadays tendencies that are favourable to the increase of high-quality training of higher qualification specialists. These tendencies are based on a close integration of areas of higher education and science, and include the development of regional mechanisms of scientific and educational clusters, inherent to the majority of the most developed countries. There are also formulated some recommendations favouring the development of scientific and educational potential of Latvian higher education, finding itself in a situation of a deep crisis.
CIVIL SERVICE LAW AND INNOVATIVE PARADIGM OF ADMINISTRATION IN GOVERNMENTAL INSTITUTIONS
Authors: Laurinavičius Alfonsas
Published: October 2011

The article is prepared according to the same name author’s monographic work. Under economic globalization and economic conditions, there are completely new scientific study subjects – public and private interests as well as their interaction and competition. The article reflects the new social phenomenon: to innovatively develop and reform the twenty-first century Public Administration (statutory) bodies. The author reveals the democratic legitimation of market mechanisms and the interoperability issues, creating preconditions for meaningful implementation of the new public administration and public management. The subject matter is wide and presents a study of a more limited objective – to define the managerial (social) public interest, its implementation measures, and recent trends.
LIABILITY OF CONSTRUCTION PARTICIPANTS FOR DELAYS
Authors: Mitkus Sigitas , Sekonaitė Aurelija
Published: October 2011

Date of completion is usually set forth in construction contract agreements as one of the most important provisions. Also, it is the provision, which is often violated and the violation results in a dispute between the parties to the agreement. Analysis of research literature has revealed that most authors analyse and identify causes of delays in construction as well as recommend delay analysis methods omitting or underemphasising the liability of the parties to construction contract agreements for violation of construction completion date. One more problem in this area is the difficulty in applying practices of different countries in a specific country due to differences in legislative frameworks. Cases described in research literature are often idealised, while realistic construction projects frequently possess various specific features. This article aims at identifying problems faced when assessing the liability of construction participants for violation of completion date and suggesting ways to handle the problem.
Generation and Characterization of Erythroid Cells from Human Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview
Authors: Chang Kai-Hsin , Bonig Halvard , Papayannopoulou Thalia
Published: October 2011

Because of the imbalance in the supply and demand of red blood cells (RBCs), especially for alloimmunized patients or patients with rare blood phenotypes, extensive research has been done to generate therapeutic quantities of mature RBCs from hematopoietic stem cells of various sources, such as bone marrow, peripheral blood, and cord blood. Since human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be maintained indefinitely in vitro, they represent potentially inexhaustible sources of donor-free RBCs. In contrast to other ex vivo stem-cell-derived cellular therapeutics, tumorigenesis is not a concern, as RBCs can be irradiated without marked adverse effects on in vivo function. Here, we provide a comprehensive review of the recent publications relevant to the generation and characterization of hESC- and iPSC-derived erythroid cells and discuss challenges to be met before the eventual realization of clinical usage of these cells.