bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kesiapan Guru dalam Menghadapi Program Full Day School
Authors: Liana Dina
Published: July 2020

The research is to discover the teacher’s readiness on applying full day school program declared by the government. Qualitative research method is used to grow descriptive data in for of interview. The findings clarifies that SMA N 1 Reteh is well-organized in applying full day school program to develop students’ potential by serving meaningful activities, in order to create generation of full of competency, attractiveness, and able to compete in the worldwide, as the 2013 curriculum persistence – building character education.
A arte como instrumento para o desenvolvimento das habilidades em gestão de conflitos em jovens do ensino médio
Authors: De Morais Sales Lília Maia , Mota Holanda Rafaela
Published: July 2020

A gestão de conflitos é um tema que inclui uma compreensão multidisciplinar das relações humanas. Essa temática demonstra sua relevância ao se observar a convergência entre as habilidades desenvolvidas pelo gestor de conflitos e as habilidades indispensáveis às demandas do século XXI (FEM, 2018; ACCENTURE, 2013). A capacitação em gestão de conflitos, com todas as peculiaridades e exigências que traz, demonstra ser caminho apontado pelas pesquisas sobre o futuro das profissões. Diante deste contexto, o objetivo do presente trabalho é demonstrar o potencial da arte como instrumento metodológico para desenvolvimento das habilidades necessárias para a gestão de conflitos, que coincidem com as habilidades necessárias para o século XXI. Para tanto, utilizou-se do espetáculo de teatro musical intitulado “Paz no Palco”, realizado de maio a julho de 2018, com a participação de 35 (trinta e cinco) jovens com idades entre 14 e 16 anos. Para aferir os resultados, alguns meses depois, os alunos responderam a um questionário e se submeteram a uma entrevista. Os resultados da pesquisa foram analisados a partir das respostas ofertadas pelos jovens e o acompanhamento diário da preparação para o espetáculo.
Solução de Controvérsias em Acordos de Investimento: as experiências do CPTPP, CETA e dos ACFIs
Authors: Morosini Fabio Costa , Gabriel Vivian Daniele Rocha , Costa Anastacia
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo busca analisar a solução de controvérsias em matéria de investimento estrangeiro segundo três grandes modelos oriundos de acordos internacionais vigentes, considerados importantes referenciais no direito internacional do investimento estrangeiro: o da Parceria Transpacífica, do Acordo Comercial e Econômico entre a União Europeia e o Canadá e dos Acordos de Cooperação e Facilitação de Investimento celebrados pelo Brasil nos últimos anos. A partir da análise dos modelos apresentados, será possível observar a falta de um consenso em matéria de solução de controvérsias, bem como a existência de uma competição pelo melhor referencial a ser seguido e que estabeleça a melhor proteção ao investidor estrangeiro.
Uso de una herramienta digital como recurso de desarrollo profesional para mejorar la competencia comunicativa oral de alumnos de educación infantil y primaria
Authors: Gràcia Marta , Jarque Maria Josep , Riba Carles , Vega Fàtima
Published: July 2020

La escuela constituye un contexto natural en el que las estrategias comunicativas de los docentes en su interacción con los alumnos son esenciales para el desarrollo de la competencia oral de estos. El objetivo del estudio es contribuir a la mejora de la práctica docente de maestras en relación con la competencia comunicativa oral mediante el uso de una herramienta digital. Participan 8 maestras y sus grupos de alumnos de educación infantil y primaria de 6 escuelas de Cataluña, de las cuales 5 son públicas (2 ordinarias y 3 cíclicas) y 1 privada (especial). Del conjunto de maestras, 4 participan como grupo de intervención y 4 como grupo de comparación. Durante 6 meses, las 4 maestras de los grupos de intervención utilizaron la herramienta para autoevaluar sus prácticas, tomar decisiones para mejorarla e introducir cambios. Cinco sesiones de clase de cada maestra fueron observadas y evaluadas por las investigadoras. Las evaluaciones de las sesiones de clase dan lugar a diferencias significativas entre las puntuaciones obtenidas por las maestras que participaron en el proceso de desarrollo docente y las que no lo hicieron. Se concluye que la herramienta digital ha contribuido al desarrollo profesional de las docentes y a la mejora de la competencia comunicativa oral de sus alumnos. Las implicaciones que se derivan de esta investigación se centran en la necesidad de formar a los docentes en el área de la enseñanza de la competencia comunicativa y lingüística de los alumnos con la ayuda de la tecnología digital.
Beyond Little Magazines: American Modernism and the Turn to Big Magazines
Authors: Morrisson Mark
Published: July 2020

This article argues that the case for a turn to big magazines in the scholarship of modernism rests on understanding the modernism of the magazines themselves and on understanding the roles they played in the mainstreaming of modernism in American culture. Informed by media theory and by research utilizing digital archives, the turn to the big magazines helps us appreciate the full array of media, financial, cultural, social, and aesthetic practices involved in the periodical culture of modernism and challenges narratives of a decline of modernism into American middlebrow culture.
El hechizo del SIMCE
Authors: Ruz Felipe Acuña , Horvitz Manuela Mendoza , Assael Tamara Rozas
Published: July 2020

El año 1988 marca el inicio del Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación (SIMCE) en Chile. En 30 años, esta política ha cobrado creciente protagonismo en la organización de la educación escolar. Considerada a fines de la dictadura pieza clave en promover competencia escolar, se le ha defendido en democracia como un instrumento técnico vital para asegurar calidad escolar vía entrega de información con foco pedagógico. Este ensayo argumenta que la defensa del SIMCE en tanto mero instrumento técnico de aseguramiento de la calidad educacional ha permitido el ocultamiento de una de sus funciones principales: generar competencia entre escuelas.
La Enseñanza aprendizaje de las Ciencias Sociales. Historias de vida de tres maestras de Educación Secundaria de Managua
Authors: Orozco Alavarado Julio César , Rodríguez Martínez Kateryn , López Sánchez Ana Mercedes , Díaz Díaz Brenda Brianayda
Published: July 2020

La presente investigación se realizó en la ciudad de Managua con el objetivo de indagar los procesos de aprendizaje en el área de Ciencias Sociales, a través de historias de vida de tres docentes de Educación Secundaria. Esta investigación surge a partir de la necesidad de conocer y reivindicar la labor de los docentes del área de Ciencias Sociales. El estudio se basa en el paradigma interpretativo o hermenéutico, en este se indaga acerca de las metodologías didácticas utilizadas por las docentes de Ciencias Sociales. Es un estudio retrospectivo, se basó en la experiencia docente de las maestras en la década de los 80 y 90. Para llevar a cabo el estudio se utilizó la Historia Oral como método de investigación, y el enfoque de investigación cualitativo, se utilizó la entrevista en profundidad e historias de vida, las que permitieron la sustentar la investigación. Los hallazgos encontrados permitieron conocer el desempeño docente, las estrategias didáctica utilizadas, recursos didácticos y las formas de evaluación utilizadas frecuentemente en el proceso de aprendizaje en las asignaturas de Historia, Geografía, Filosofía y Sociología, asignaturas que se imparten en el área de Ciencias Sociales en Educación Secundaria.
Eficacia de un programa cognitivo-conductual en el tratamiento del estrés laboral, en pre internos de Medicina del Hospital Escuela San Juan de Dios Estelí
Authors: Lagos García Dilcia Yeraldina , Huete Larios Levin Josué , Landero Landero Nelsis Virginia , Solís Zúniga Franklin
Published: July 2020

El estrés laboral es aquel que se produce debido a la excesiva presión que tiene lugar en el entorno de trabajo. Generalmente es consecuencia del desequilibrio entre la exigencia laboral (también propia) y la capacidad o recursos disponibles para cumplirla eficientemente. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue analizar la eficacia de un programa cognitivo conductual en el tratamiento del estrés laboral, en pre internos de Medicina del Hospital Escuela San Juan de Dios Estelí, segundo semestre 2019. El estudio corresponde a un enfoque mixto con predominio cuantitativo, así mismo con diseño cuasi experimental, con evaluación pre y post intervención, con 15 participantes seleccionados mediante el muestreo no probabilístico con edades entre los 20 y 23 años. La intervención mediante el programa cognitivo-conductual tiene una duración de 3 sesiones de una hora cada una. Para medir los niveles de estrés antes y después se aplicó la escala Likert, el cuestionario de Maslach Burnout, la escala de malestar psicológico de Kessler y la lista de cotejo. Los resultados de la intervención demuestran que hubo una disminución significativa en los niveles de estrés al comparar el antes y el después de la intervención. En la escala de malestar psicológico se evidenció una disminución del 30% en probabilidades de tener un trastorno grave y un 4% en probabilidades de tener un trastorno moderado, en el cuestionario de Burnout hubo una disminución en el nivel alto de cansancio emocional de un 10%.
¿Adiós al censo en España? elementos para el debate
Authors: Treviño Maruri Rocío , Domingo Andreu
Published: July 2020

Ante la inminente desaparición del censo tradicional en España y su sustitución por uno basado principalmente en registros, este trabajo plantea una discusión de las implicaciones y retos que plantea.

Para ello se establece una cartografía de las metodologías censales mundiales y se presenta una genealogía de los cambios recientes en algunos países de la Comisión Económica para Europa de Naciones Unidas (UNECE), subrayando algunos de los debates políticos, sociales y metodológicos suscitados. Finalmente, se sitúa a España en este contexto. Se basa en literatura secundaria, en la revisión de documentos de los institutos de estadística nacionales y de las conferencias de estadísticos europeos.
Diseños muestrales en hogares diferencias y similitudes entre muestras probabilísticas y muestras con rutas y cuotas
Authors: Díaz de Rada Vidal , Valentín Martínez
Published: July 2020

Este artículo compara la representatividad lograda en tres encuestas presenciales en el hogar. Dos emplean muestreos probabilísticos y la tercera una selección de las unidades últimas mediante un sistema de rutas y cuotas, llevando a cabo sustituciones «automáticas» cuando no se consigue una respuesta. Se busca contrastar la hipótesis de que la representatividad lograda por un muestreo por rutas y cuotas (con sustitución) es similar a la conseguida en muestreo de viviendas (sin sustitución) basado en el Padrón. Los resultados muestran grandes diferencias en el nivel educativo mostrado por las muestras probabilísticas, con desviaciones superiores al 25%. Los resultados son diferentes en las variables de empleo, donde las encuestas con cuotas sobreestiman las tasas de actividad (en 2,5 puntos porcentuales) y paro (en 9,5 puntos porcentuales).
Estructura de la gobernanza en la actividad turística de Colombia evaluación desde una perspectiva de ciencia de redes
Authors: Pinochet Sánchez Giselle , Mariño Jiménez Juan Pablo , Santiesteban Martín León
Published: July 2020

En este trabajo se evalúan las características estructurales de la gobernanza en la actividad turística de Colombia. Se aplica la ciencia de redes para valorar la estructura y el rol de cada actor/organización en la gobernanza. Adicionalmente, se emplea un algoritmo de agrupamiento difuso para evaluar el nivel general de participación en la gobernanza de las organizaciones que forman la actividad turística. Los resultados muestran que el nivel general de interacción es bajo y que coexisten dos comunidades claramente diferenciadas. Hay alta heterogeneidad en la participación de las organizaciones. Los hallazgos permiten proponer acciones de mejora que optimicen la estructura de la gobernanza de la actividad turística en Colombia.
Estimated of COVID-19 Sampling Mean in Burkina Faso
Authors: Bernadin LOYARA Vini Yves , BAGRE Remi Guillaume , BERE Fredric
Published: July 2020

Our objective in the development of this document, was to establish an estimate of the average of di erent variables in particular, the case of daily contamination of covid-19, the case of recovery and finally the case of lethality of COVID-19 in Burkina to give an idea of the real rate of contamination in Burkina Faso. To achieve this objective we used the tools of inferential statistics.
Diagnose nutricional e qualidade de mudas de Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Sabine em diferentes substratos
Authors: Gonçalves Ana Caroline Machado , Costa Alice Lemos , Travessas Amanda Oliveira , Vestena Silvane
Published: July 2020

The objective of the research was to evaluate the effect of different substrates with sewage sludge on nutrients concentration in biomass of Psidium cattleianum var. cattleianum Sabine seedlings. The treatments are different substrate compositions containing sewage sludge. After 180 days of seeding, biometric characteristics were measured: aerial part height, root system length, stem base diameter, number of leaves, fresh and dry aerial biomass, root and total biomass. Dickson's Quality Index was calculated and nutrients concentration was determined in root system, stem and leaves. It was observed that macronutrients accumulation in root followed the order: N Ca Mg P K S; in stem: Ca N K Mg P S and in leaves: N Ca K Mg P S, were sulfur was less concentrated in three vegetative structures. Micronutrients accumulation in root followed the order: Fe Zn Mn Cu B Mo, and in stem and leaves: Fe Zn B Mn Cu Mo. It is noted that in three vegetative structures, iron and zinc were more concentrated, and molybdenum less concentrated. Sewage sludge use as a substrate proved to be effective in viable seedlings production for planting in field.
Hvordan forhindrer jeg brugere i at foretage indsendelser til tidsskriftet?
Authors: Frederiksen Niels Erik
Published: July 2020

Mange af vores tidsskriftsredaktioner vælger at publicere deres materiale via QuickSubmit og ønsker derfor ikke at forfatterne selv står for indsendelsen af manuskripter. Her er det vigtigt at fjerne denne indsendelsesmulighed fra brugergrænsefladen. Hvordan det gøres fremgår af denne vejledning.
LEAN diversity management in practice: The multi-functionality of questions as a resource to ensure understanding, participation and procedural compliance in a diverse workplace
Authors: Tranekjær Louise
Published: July 2020

This paper explores the way that team managers in an industrial laundry facility use questions in weekly whiteboard meetings to simultaneously manage the diversity and potential language difficulties of the employees and the LEAN based management goals of improved production through employee participation. The paper argues that the multi-functionality of questions provides a resource for balancing for the competing goals of securing intersubjectivity and progressivity in the brief and yet essential meetings, and that this management has both affective and epistemic dimensions.
Understanding questions and answers in context: An argument for multi-channel analysis
Authors: Archer Dawn
Published: July 2020

Currently, understanding what questions and answers mean in context equates to accounting for the questioner’s role as well as what they expect to (versus) achieve, the position as well as form/function of their question(s) within the interaction: and, if spoken, their delivery, as well as whether a response is given, what type, how, etc. This paper advocates for a further widening of the linguistic analytical lens beyond traditional syntactic/pragmatic criteria so that we might account, in turn, for participants’ facial expressions, body movements and gestures as they deliver their questions and/or respond to others. The paper argues this is particularly pertinent when negotiating meaning generally and crucial when seeking to understand potentially deceptive and/or evasive moves on the part of participants.
Microbiological Quality of Food Sold in Different Grades of Mobile Food Vendors and Canteens in Owerri Metropolis
Authors: Nwachukwu M. O. , Azorji J. N. , Onyebuagu P. C. , Nnadozie R. I. A. , Izundu M. I.
Published: July 2020

The need to maintain proper hygiene in different grades of mobile food vendors and canteens cannot be overemphasized. The present study was conducted at Biotechnology laboratory, Federal University of Technology Owerri in August 2019 to ascertain the microbiological quality of food in different grades of mobile food vendors and canteens in Owerri Metropolis. Samples were collected from Fast food and Buka of which Two triplicates samples of rice, soup and moimoi were collected from two mobile food vendors in Owerri metropolis. Microbial count was carried out on each food sample using nutrient agar (NA) for bacteria count and sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) for fungi count. Colonies were also identified using standard procedure and biochemical test up to genera level. The result showed that the organism isolated from canteen (Buker) is higher than those of fast food. Organisms generally isolated includes staphylococcus aureus 0(0.0), Bacillius  sp. 59(9.5), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 162(25.6), Proteus 0(0.0), in fast food while in canteen (Buka) the organism isolated includes Staphylococcus aureus 160(25.0), Bacillius sp. 0(0.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 16(2.6) and Proteus 227(36.4) and the organisms generally identified includes Penicillium sp. 20(6.4), Saccharomyces 26(8.7), Geotrichum 0(0.0%) and mucor sp. 0(0.0%) in fast food while in canteen(Buker) the organisms generally identified includes Penicillium sp. 0(0.0%), saccharomyces 45(15.0), Geotrichum 4(0.3) and Mucor sp. 205(68.3) and some of the genera that are of public health concern. The study suggests the need for continuous monitoring of the food vendors to forestall any form of infection.
Child Development Leading to the Pursuit of Virtues and the Avoidance of Vices
Authors: Katzman Gerald
Published: July 2020

Optimizing the social, emotional, moral and cognitive development of children will support prosocial behavior and peaceful societies. To accomplish these goals, efforts need to start from birth with authoritative parenting to achieve secure attuned attachment between caregiver and child. Such parenting should eliminate the toxic stress associated with the authoritarian approach and the lack of direction seen with permissive or uninvolved parenting. Early literacy is the key to building character using the vehicles of modeled behaviors, reading stories with a moral and that teach a lesson and Human Relations Programs for Children. Benevolent mindfulness characterized by emotional empathy, compassion and helping behaviors will result from proper parenting and successful character education. The resultant ability to think in a complex fashion where virtues are pursued and vices avoided should facilitate resistance to false narratives and non-violent conflict resolution. Avoiding Adverse Child Experiences has been shown to minimize depression, violence perpetration and other problem behaviors and disorders. When there are educational and professional resources in play to support the development of children in communities, a responsible, caring citizenry can be anticipated.
Spatio-temporal Analysis of Noise Levels across Hotspot Areas in Port Harcourt Metropolis, Rivers State, Nigeria
Authors: Ajoku Bright Chika , Wali Odinaka Amadi-
Published: July 2020

This study examined spatial and temporal variations of noise levels across hot spot areas in Port Harcourt metropolis, Rivers State Nigeria. It employed a quasi-experimental design. The noise level was captured using Mobile Application known as decibel (dB) X in infinix note 3 android smart phone, which was calibrated with a digital noise meter SET 1350, with a measuring level range of 20–120 decibel while the sampling points were captured with the use of handheld Global Positioning System (GPS) Garmin 78sc which was calibrated to UTM zone 32N. The Geographic Information System (GIS) was the main tool in manipulating surface prediction modeling Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) in the morning and evening noise levels using Environmental Science Research Institute’s (ESRI) software ArcGIS 10.4 version. In the twelve areas investigated, two sample points were captured in each, making a total of twenty four points. Analyses  was done using ANOVA and t-test for the hypotheses and the finding of the results in mean noise levels in the morning and evening indicate that there were no statistical significant difference in the noise level as P =.89 and P =.124 respectively while the t-test indicates statistical significant difference in the majority of the hotspot areas. Therefore, hypotheses of significant mean noise levels were accepted. The finding of the IDW reveals that noise pollution occurs in the morning than in the evening periods in most areas, as they exceed the allowable noise limit of WHO standard is 85 dB (A). Based on the findings, the study recommended among others: that noise pollution planning controls should not be compromised but operates at higher dimension through planting of trees and monitoring in order to ensure strict compliance.
Preliminary Phytochemical Screening of Five Plants as Possible Antileishmaniasis Control Agent
Authors: Wafula Mukhwana Dennis
Published: July 2020

Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem globally and manifests in three clinical forms including visceral cutaneous and mucocutaneous. Visceral leishmaniasis is fatal if left untreated for a period of 2 years, while cutaneous leishmaniasis cause crusted papules or ulcers on exposed skin. Plant families containing active compounds against other protozoan diseases may be suitable against leishmania parasites. This study report the compounds extracted from five plants (Olea europaea, Kigelia Africana, Terminalia mollis, Croton macrostachyus and Bridella micrantha extracts). The plants were collected from Baringo County in Kenya and authenticated at the National Museums of Kenya (Department of Botany). The plant samples were dried, pulverized into fine powders and extracted using methanol at the Center for Traditional Medicine and Drugs Research, KEMRI. The plant extracts contained varying amounts of phytochemical compounds such as tannins, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, saponins, anthraquinone, cardiac glycoside, polyphenols, cumarins, anthocyanins, trepenoids, glycosides and triterpenoids. The presence of tannins, flavanoids, alkaloids and saponins with known biological activities offer opportunity to test these compounds against leishmania parasites.
Microbial Quality of Some Leafy Vegetables Sold in Iree
Authors: Efunwole O. O. , Ihum T. A. , Adebayo O. R. , Ajewole O. A. , Alaje D. O.
Published: July 2020

This study investigates the microbial quality of some common leafy vegetables sold in Iree. Three common leafy vegetables were used which were Amaranthus viridis (‘Tete’), Corchorus olito rus (‘Ewedu’) and Talinum triangulare (‘Gbure’). The samples were bought from the Iree main market and packaged in a sterilized aluminium covered  plates and were transferred immediately into the laboratory where they were examined for Total viable counts, coliform counts and Total fungal counts. The average total viable counts was 2.2 x 105cfu/mL for Amaranthus viridis, 2.3 x 105 cfu/mL for Corchorus olitorius and 1.9 x 105 for Talinum triangulare. Seven bacteria belonging to five genera and three fungal Spp. were isolated, which include, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Salmonella enteritidis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Eschericia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicilium italicum respectively. Staphylococcus (26%) was the most predominantly isolated followed by Bacillus subtilis (13%), Eschericia coli (12%), Streptococcus and Micrococcus (11%), Enterobacteriacea (9%), fungal (10%) and Bacillus cereus was the least (8%). These results showed that agricultural practices on these vegetables, like transportation, irrigation and even fertilizer application method could pose risks to the consumers, it is therefore advised that proper cooking of these leafy vegetables by boiling in 100°C boiling water, should strictly be adhered to before consumption not just mere blanching.
Phytochemical Analysis, In vitro Antibacterial Activity and Rate of Kill of Different Fractions of Dacryodes edulis Leaf
Authors: Hassan-Olajokun R. E. , Deji-Agboola A. M. , Olasunkanmi O. O. , Banjo T. A. , Olaniran O. , Awoyeni A. E. , Ajayi O. M.
Published: July 2020

Dacryodes edulis is a fruit tree attaining a height of 18–40 meters mostly grown around the house and rarely in the forest. It has a relatively short trunk and a deep, dense crown and it is native to Africa hence often called African pear. The leaves are a compound with 5-8 pairs of leaflets. Acetone extract/solvent fractions of the leaves of Dacryodes edulis were used. The in vitro antibacterial activities and rate of kill of different fractions were investigated. The phytochemical screening was done by some chemical tests, antibacterial activity by agar well diffusion method and rate of kill was carried out on S. aureus and E. coli organisms. The fractions exhibited antibacterial activities with zones of inhibition ranged between 20 and 30 mm by Aqueous (AQU) fraction while Dichloromethane (DCM) fraction ranged between 22 and 32 mm. The standard antibiotics, streptomycin ranged between 10 and 20 mm and ampicillin between 11 and 27 mm. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of both fractions had range values between 0.78 and 6.25 mg/mL. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins, flavonoids, terpenoid and glycoside. Overall, the two fractions had better activities than the standard antibiotics used. The time kill assay showed that the percentage of the cells killed increased with increasing concentrations of the fractions, as well as, contact time intervals. The AQU fraction killed 100% of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus cells at concentration of 4.68 mg/mL (3 X MIC) within 120 min while DCM fraction killed 100% of Escherichia coli cells within 90 min at a concentration of 4.68 mg/mL and killed 100% of S. aureus cells within 120 min at a concentration of 3.12 mg/mL (2X MIC). In conclusion, D. edulis leaf fraction has a broad spectrum antibacterial activity, with the AQU and DCM fractions being bactericidal as exemplified by the killing rate and MIC index of 2 (ratio of MBC/MIC) for both fractions.
Maternal exposure to methylmercury causes an impairment in ependymal cilia motility in the third ventricle and dilation of lateral ventricles in mice offspring
Authors: Hagiwara Teruki , Hagino Hajime , Ueda Kaho , Nakama Mina , Minami Takeshi
Published: July 2020

Background

Although maternal MeHg‐exposure causes hydrocephalus in the offspring of mice, its pathogenesis has not been fully explained. In the present study, we examined the issue of how maternal MeHg‐exposure in mice affects ependymal ciliary movement in the offspring and whether the lateral ventricles in offspring show dilation.

Methods

Pregnant mice were given drinking water containing 0, 10, or 20 mg/L MeHg, or a single dose of 2 mg/kg MeHg. Brain slices were prepared from the offspring and the ependymal ciliary movement of ependymal cells in the third ventricle were observed by a high‐speed digital camera. The dilation of the lateral ventricles in the offspring was assessed by histological examination.

Results

The administration of MeHg in the drinking water of pregnant mice at levels of 10 mg/L and 20 mg/L MeHg from GD10 to birth caused a significant decrease of ciliary beating frequency (CBF) in ependymal cells of the third ventricle in the weaned offspring. The ependymal ciliary movement of the weaned offspring was particularly sensitive in the case of the administration of MeHg at GD10. Moreover, there was a significant dilation of cross‐sectional areas of lateral ventricles in weaned offspring from the pregnant mice that had been administered MeHg. The CBF and the cross‐sectional areas of the lateral ventricles improved with time.

Conclusions

These results suggest that the impairment of ependymal ciliary movement by maternal MeHg‐exposure contributes to the development of hydrocephalus in the offspring.
Measuring Adsorption Capacity of Supported Catalysts with a Novel Quasi‐Continuous Pulse Chemisorption Method
Authors: Friedland Jens , Kreitz Bjarne , Grimm Heiner , Turek Thomas , Güttel Robert
Published: July 2020

An improved pulse‐chemisorption technique is presented, which is proven to be independent of the strength of interaction between adsorptive and catalyst material. The methodology is based on the transient mass balance of the adsorptive, allowing for quantitative evaluation of the pulse‐signal obtained from the experiment. Two experimental strategies for determination of the adsorption capacity are introduced, with and without using an internal standard. The methodology is illustratively discussed based on simulation results and verified by chemisorption experiments of hydrogen and carbon dioxide on a supported nickel catalyst. In addition, temperature and dosing effects are examined and benchmarked with volumetric measurements of the adsorption capacity. The proposed mathematical evaluation method of the measured data can be applied directly to experiments performed in standard equipment for pulse‐chemisorption or in modified catalyst test rigs to measure adsorption capacity before and after reaction experiments. The technique shows potential for determination of sorption kinetics and combination with operando spectroscopy.
Synthesis of C3/C13‐Substituted Semi‐Synthetic Bacteriochlorophyll‐a Derivatives and Their Properties as Functional Dyes
Authors: Sasaki Shin‐ichi , Hashimoto Yuki , Kinoshita Yusuke , Tamiaki Hitoshi , Duan Shengnan , Wang Xiao‐Feng , Saga Yoshitaka , Yamamoto Hiroaki , Ikeuchi Toshitaka , Shishioh Nobue
Published: July 2020

Natural bacteriochlorophyll‐a was converted to chemically stable free‐base derivatives with different substituents along the y‐axis. Compared to the natural type compound methyl pyrobacteriopheophorbide‐a possessing the C3‐acetyl and C13‐keto‐carbonyl groups, its deoxo‐bacteriochlorin lacking the C3‐ and C13‐carbonyl groups showed a blue‐shift of the Qy peak. On the other hand, introduction of the dicyanomethylene group(s) at the 31‐ and/or 131‐position(s) caused an opposite effect due to its electron‐withdrawing ability as well as the expansion of the π‐conjugation system along the y‐axis, and the Qy peak maxima were red‐shifted to around 780 nm. These semi‐synthetic bacteriochlorins in an aerated solvent could generate singlet oxygen upon illumination with far‐red light, which was evaluated by mouse B16 melanoma cells to be applicable as photosensitizers. Besides this, it was demonstrated that they could be utilized as electron‐donating materials combined with fullerene derivatives to fabricate bulk‐heterojunction organic solar cells.
Radical Inquiry—Liberatory Praxis for Research and Evaluation
Authors: Dhaliwal Kanwarpal , Casey Jill , Aceves‐Iñiguez Kimberly , Dean‐Coffey Jara
Published: July 2020

Conventional social science research and evaluation too often replicate unjust and oppressive narratives and assumptions about young people of color's capacities, abilities, and needs, treating them primarily, and sometimes solely, as risk, problem, or disease. Overemphasis on “metrics of compliance,” such as personal behavior change, self‐efficacy, and resilience perpetuate this burden while ignoring those of survival, fortitude, and resistance in the context of structural/historical subjugation, discrimination, and state‐sanctioned violence communities of color have endured as part of US nation‐building. Invisible, insidious, and assumed, the dominant tropes and frameworks render white middle‐class subjectivities as the gold‐standard of achievement, status, and success. RYSE Youth Center in Richmond, California, creates safe spaces grounded in social justice that build youth power for young people to love, learn, educate, heal, and transform lives and communities. Toward this, RYSE employs Radical Inquiry through intentional, active, and ongoing listening. Radical Inquiry facilitates connection, proximity, and empathy—humanization.
Childhood cancer survivorship and late effects: The landscape in India in 2020
Authors: Arora Ramandeep Singh , Arora Puneet Rana , Seth Rachna , Sharma Sonal , Kumar Chandan , Dhamankar Vandana , Kurkure Purna , Prasad Maya
Published: July 2020

Survivorship care is a major area of focus in the holistic management of childhood cancer with current knowledge and information almost exclusively from high‐income countries. In this review, we summarize the state of scientific knowledge, service delivery, advocacy initiatives, and research efforts in this field in India. Twenty‐one single‐center studies published until today (20 in the last decade) confirm some of the well‐documented issues in childhood cancer survivors and highlight the high prevalence of hepatitis B and hepatitis C infection in our survivors. Heterogeneity in methodology, outcome metrics, and quality precludes drawing further conclusions, and the ongoing multicenter Indian Pediatric Oncology Group study would address this. Besides the usual model of follow‐up clinics in hospital settings, innovative models of service delivery led by not‐for‐profit organizations are being developed. Advocacy initiatives driven by survivors and support groups are also under way. All of these portend a promising future.
Polylactide‐perylene derivative for blue biodegradable organic light‐emitting diodes
Authors: Al‐Attar Hameed , Alwattar Aula A , Haddad Athir , Abdullah Bassil A , Quayle Peter , Yeates Stephen G
Published: July 2020

In this work we demonstrate, for the first time, the use of polylactic acid (PLA) as a biodegradable host matrix for the construction of the active emissive layer of organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) devices for potential use in bioelectronics. In this preliminary study, we report a robust synthesis of two fluorescent PLA derivatives, pyrene‐PLA (AH10) and perylene‐PLA (AH11). These materials were prepared by the ring opening polymerisation of l‐lactide with hydroxyalkyl‐pyrene and hydroxyalkyl‐perylene derivatives using 1,8‐diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec‐7‐ene as catalyst. OLEDs were fabricated from these materials using a simple device architecture involving a solution‐processed single‐emitting layer in the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS/PVK:OXD‐7 (35%):AH10 or AH11 (20%)/TPBi/LiF/Al (ITO, indium tin oxide; PEDOT:PSS, poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly(styrenesulfonic acid); PVK, poly(vinylcarbazole); OXD‐7, (1,3‐phenylene)‐bis‐[5‐(4‐tert‐butylphenyl)‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole]; TPBi, 2,2′,2″‐(1,3,5‐benzenetriyl)tris(1‐phenyl‐1H‐benzimidazole)). The turn‐on voltage for the perylene OLED at 10 cd m–2 was around 6 V with a maximum brightness of 1200 cd m–2 at 13 V. The corresponding external quantum efficiency and device current efficiency were 1.5% and 2.8 cd A–1 respectively. In summary, this study provides proof of principle that OLEDs can be constructed from PLA, a readily available and renewable bio‐source. © 2020 The Authors. Polymer International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Chlorogenic acid prevents vancomycin‐induced nephrotoxicity without compromising vancomycin antibacterial properties
Authors: Qu Shaoqi , Dai Cunchun , Hao Zhihui , Tang Qihe , Wang Haixia , Wang Jinquan , Zhao Hongqiong
Published: July 2020

Vancomycin (VCM) is an effective chemotherapeutic agent commonly used against gram‐positive microorganisms but has serious nephrotoxic side effects that limit its effectiveness. New therapeutics and strategies are urgently needed to combat VCM associated nephrotoxicity. In this study, we determined the protective effect of chlorogenic acid (CA) in a rat model of VCM‐induced nephrotoxicity. VCM administration led to markedly elevated blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine levels that could be prevented with CA co‐administration. VCM‐mediated oxidative stress was also significantly attenuated by CA as reflected by decreased malondialdehyde and nitric oxide in VCM‐treated kidneys. CA administration also prevented the VCM‐mediated decrease in the renal antioxidative enzyme activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase and led to increased levels of reduced glutathione that had been depleted by VCM. Moreover, CA administration clearly inhibited VCM‐induced expression of nuclear factor‐kappa B, inducible nitric oxide synthase and the downstream pro‐inflammatory mediators tumor necrosis factor‐α and interleukins 1β and 6. Apoptotic markers were also markedly down‐regulated with CA. Overall, CA treatment mitigated VCM‐induced oxidative and nitrosative stresses and countered the apoptotic and inflammatory effects of VCM. Notably, CA did not affect the antibacterial activity of VCM in vitro.
Hierarchical equations of motion in the Libra software package
Authors: Temen Story , Jain Amber , Akimov Alexey V.
Published: July 2020

We report the implementation of a hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) module within the open‐source Libra software. It includes the standard and scaled HEOM algorithms for computing the dynamics of open quantum systems interacting with a harmonic bath. The module allows the computing of the evolution of the reduced density matrix, as well as spectral lineshapes. The truncation, filtering, and “update list” schemes, as well as OpenMP parallelization, allow for further computational saving. The package is written in a mix of C++ and Python languages, delivering the best compromise between user friendliness and efficiency. The Python layer of the package takes advantage of standard Python libraries, such as h5py, which allows efficient storage and retrieval of the generated results. The package can be seamlessly used within Jupyter notebooks; its careful design shall provide the maximal convenience and intuitiveness to its users.
The long‐term legacy of riparian vegetation in a hydrogeomorphologically remodelled fluvial setting
Authors: Nallaperuma Bhagya , Asaeda Takashi
Published: July 2020

The typical Japanese river maintains a vegetation‐suppressive effect on riparian habitats. During recent decades, most Japanese rivers have encountered extensive human‐induced alterations, and over time, the rivers have been transformed from unvegetated to vegetated. The lower Tedori River, which is a representative case of this phenomenon, is located in a region that exhibits signs of global climate change. According to quantitative analyses of sediment, the river corridor has historically reached an equilibrium since the prohibition of heavy sediment extraction activities, and the water discharge is stable because of dams. The contemporaneous vegetation encroachment was observed in a historical imagery survey and the vegetation dynamics of the river reach for the past 18 years were analysed to identify forcing hydro‐climatic variables. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was adopted for the surveillance of vegetation dynamics, and multiple regression analysis was employed to evaluate its relationship with predictor variables. River water level was the strongest determinant of NDVI, with both Pearson correlation and standardized β coefficients of −0.405, while air temperature was next, with values of 0.363 and 0.288, respectively. These findings were supported by the spatial distribution of temporally advancing vegetation patches determined using the aerial imagery and pixel value maxima of NDVI bands. In addition, the development of vegetation patches will presumably give rise to more pro‐vegetation surroundings in the riparian zone through reciprocal linkages with hydrogeomorphic processes. These objective predictions may help inform the proactive planning for river and coastal management.
Estimating inundation of small waterbodies with sub‐pixel analysis of Landsat imagery: long‐term trends in surface water area and evaluation of common drought indices
Authors: Sall Ibrahima , Jarchow Christopher J. , Sigafus Brent H. , Eby Lisa A. , Forzley Michael J. , Hossack Blake R.
Published: July 2020

Small waterbodies are numerically dominant in many landscapes and provide several important ecosystem services, but automated measurement of waterbodies smaller than a standard Landsat pixel (0.09 ha) remains challenging. To further evaluate sub‐Landsat pixel techniques for estimating inundation extent of small waterbodies (basin area: 0.06–1.79 ha), we used a partial spectral unmixing method with matched filtering applied to September 1985–2018 Landsat 5 and eight imagery from southern Arizona, USA. We estimated trends in modeled surface water area each September and evaluated the ability of several common drought indices to explain variation in mean water area. Our methods accurately classified waterbodies as dry or inundated (Landsat 5: 91.3%; Landsat 8: 98.9%) and modeled and digitized surface water areas were strongly correlated (R2 = 0.70–0.92; bias = −0.024 to −0.015 ha). Estimated surface water area was best explained by the 3‐month seasonal standardized precipitation index (SPI03; July‒September). We found a wide range of estimated relationships between drought indices (e.g. SPI vs. Palmer Drought Severity Index) and estimated water area, even for different durations of the same drought index (e.g. SPI01 vs. SPI12). Mean waterbody surface area decreased by ~14% from September 1985 to September 2018, which matches declines in local annual precipitation and regional trends of reduced inundation extent of larger waterbodies. These results emphasize the importance of understanding local systems when relying on drought indices to infer variation in past or future surface water dynamics. Several challenges remain before widespread application of sub‐pixel methods is feasible, but our results provide further evidence that partial spectral unmixing with matched filtering provides reliable measures of inundation extent of small waterbodies.
Beyond Standard Models and Grand Unifications: anomalies, topological terms, and dynamical constraints via cobordisms
Authors: Wan Zheyan , Wang Juven
Published: July 2020

Abstract

We classify and characterize fully all invertible anomalies and all allowed topo- logical terms related to various Standard Models (SM), Grand Unified Theories (GUT), and Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics. By all anomalies, we mean the inclusion of (1) perturbative local anomalies captured by perturbative Feynman diagram loop calculations, classified by ℤ free classes, and (2) nonperturbative global anomalies, classified by finite group ℤNtorsion classes. Our work built from [31] fuses the math tools of Adams spectral sequence, Thom-Madsen-Tillmann spectra, and Freed-Hopkins theorem. For example, we compute bordism groups$$ {\Omega}_d^G $$ΩdGand their invertible topological field theory invariants, which characterizedd topological terms and (d −1)d anomalies, protected by the following symmetry groupG:$$ \mathrm{Spin}\times \frac{\mathrm{SU}(3)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{U}(1)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_q} $$Spin×SU3×SU2×U1ℤqfor SM withq= 1,2,3,6;$$ \frac{\mathrm{Spin}\times \mathrm{Spin}(n)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_2^F} $$Spin×Spinnℤ2For Spin × Spin(n) for SO(10) or SO(18) GUT asn= 10,18; Spin × SU(n) for Georgi-Glashow SU(5) GUT as$$ n=5;\frac{\mathrm{Spin}\times \frac{\mathrm{SU}(4)\times \left(\mathrm{SU}(2)\times \mathrm{SU}(2)\right)}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_{q^{\prime }}}}{{\mathrm{\mathbb{Z}}}_2^F} $$n=5;Spin×SU4×SU2×SU2ℤq′ℤ2Ffor Pati-Salam GUT asq′ = 1,2; and others. For SM with an extra discrete symmetry, we obtainnewanomaly matching conditions of ℤ16, ℤ4and ℤ2classesbeyondthe familiar Witten anomaly. Our approach offers an alternative view of all anomaly matching conditions built from the lower-energy (B)SM or GUT, in contrast to high-energy Quantum Gravity or String Theory Landscape v.s. Swampland program, as bottom-up/top-down complements. Symmetries and anomalies provide constraints of kinematics, we further suggest constraints of quantum gauge dynamics, and new predictions of possible extended defects/excitations plus hidden BSM non-perturbative topological sectors.
Geospatial Mapping of Pediatric Surgical Capacity in North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo
Authors: Cairo Sarah B. , Pu Qiang , Malemo Kalisya Luc , Fadhili Bake Jacques , Zaidi Rene , Poenaru Dan , Rothstein David H.
Published: July 2020

Background

Despite recent attention to the provision of healthcare in low‐ and middle‐income countries, improvements in access to surgical services have been disproportionately lagging.

Methods

This study analyzes the geographic variability in access to pediatric surgical services in the province of North Kivu, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). On‐site data collection was conducted using the Global Assessment of Pediatric Surgery tool. Spatial distribution of providers was mapped using the Geographical Information System and open‐sourced spatial data to determine distances traveled to access surgical care.

Results

Forty facilities were evaluated across 32 health zones; 68.9% of the provincial population was within 15 km of these facilities. Eleven facilities met a minimum World Health Organization safety score of 8; 48.1% of the population was within 15 km of corresponding facilities. The majority of children were treated by someone with specific pediatric surgery training in only 4 facilities; one facility had a trained pediatric anesthesia provider. Fifty‐seven percent of the population was within 15 km of a facility with critical care and emergency medicine (EM) capabilities. There was one pediatric critical care provider and no pediatric EM providers identified within the province. Location‐allocation assessment is needed to combine geographic area with potential for greatest impact and facility assessment.

Conclusions

Limitations in access to surgical care in the DRC are multifactorial with poor resources, few formally trained surgical providers, and near‐absent access to pediatric anesthesiologists. The study highlights the deficits in the capacity for surgical care while demonstrating a reproducible model for assessment and identification of ways to improve access to care.