bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A system of evidenced‐based techniques and collaborative clinical interventions with a chronically ill patient
Authors: Fallon Patricia , Wisniewski Lucene
Published: May 2013

Although evidence‐based treatments (EBTs) exist for both bulimia nervosa and binge eating disorder, there is far less evidence underpinning the treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). Furthermore, there is no clearly defined standardized approach to patients who have not responded to treatment over an extended period of time. Chronic eating disorder patients in particular might need long‐term engagement with treatment providers offering a wide range of interventions. This case study highlights how an experienced private practitioner systematically employed a variety of EBT techniques for a patient with a severe, long‐term eating disorder and its comorbidities, within a model of attachment and collaboration. The practice of utilizing a wide variety of EBT techniques in a systematic manner guided by clinical expertise and supported by a therapy relationship of collaboration and attachment may prove to be a fruitful avenue for future research. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Harnessing the power of technology for the treatment and prevention of eating disorders
Authors: Bauer Stephanie , Moessner Markus
Published: May 2013

Objective:

The objective of this article is to review the available literature regarding the development and evaluation of technology‐enhanced interventions for eating disorders.

Method:

Literature was reviewed pertaining to interventions that use technology (e.g., Internet, mobile phones) for prevention, guided self‐help, treatment, relapse prevention, and carer support.

Results:

A number of technology‐enhanced approaches have been developed for each facet of the care spectrum, and experiences that are reported with their implementation are overall promising. However, only few of them have been evaluated in adequately designed and powered trials.

Discussion:

This review suggests that technology‐enhanced interventions offer multiple opportunities to improve care for eating disorders. More research is needed on the efficacy, effectiveness, cost‐effectiveness, and reach of these approaches to ultimately estimate their public health impact. It is discussed to what extent innovative models of care integrating technology‐enhanced interventions and face‐to‐face interventions may improve service delivery for eating disorders. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:508–515)
The dissemination and implementation of psychological treatments: Problems and solutions
Authors: Fairburn Christopher G. , Wilson G. Terence
Published: May 2013

Treatment researchers expend their efforts identifying effective treatments, and for whom and how they work, but there are matters over and above these that are of concern when it comes to dissemination and implementation. These include the clinical range of the interventions concerned, the ease with which they can be learned, and their mode of delivery. It is these three topics, as they apply to the psychological treatment of eating disorders, that form the focus of this article. Alongside these considerations, we discuss how modern technology has the potential to transform both treatment and training. © 2013 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Int J Eat Disord 2013; 46:516–521)
Electrochemical Peroxidase‐Catalase Clark‐Type Biosensor: Computed and Experimental Response
Authors: Kulys Juozas , Bratkovskaja Irina , Ašeris Vytautas , Baronas Romas
Published: May 2013

A bioelectrode containing immobilized catalase and peroxidase was built using a Clark‐type oxygen electrode. The bioelectrode responded to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as well as to acetaminophen (Ac). The sensitivity of the bioelectrode for H2O2 was 0.35 mM O2/mM H2O2 and for Ac it was 0.23–1.05 µM O2/µM Ac at pH 6.6 and 25 °C. The limit of detection of Ac varied from 12 to 44 µM. The half‐time of the bioelectrode response to hydrogen peroxide was 36 s. The modeling of the bioelectrode action was performed digitally at transition and steady‐state conditions using finite difference technique. The calculated half‐time of the bioelectrode response to hydrogen peroxide was 53 % larger and the steady‐state response 11 % less than experimentally determined. The response to Ac was 2–3 times smaller in comparison to the experimental values. The calculated response change correlated with the experimentally determined when the catalase and peroxidase concentrations in the biocatalytical membrane changed 3–4 orders of magnitude. The simulations of the bioelectrode response revealed that the bioelectrode acts in diffusion limiting conditions at almost all enzymes concentrations. The model appears to be promising for optimization of the bioelectrode response.
Electrogenerated Fe(I) Porphyrins: Efficient Electrocatalysts for Reductive Dechlorination of DDT in N,N′‐Dimethylformamide
Authors: Zhang Ying , Shen Wei , Ou Zhongping , Zhu Weihua , Fang Yuangyuan , Kadish Karl M.
Published: May 2013

Two iron(I) porphyrins were electrogenerated and then utilized as catalysts for the reductive dechlorination of 1,1‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,2,2‐trichloroethane (DDT) in N,N′‐dimethylformamide. No reaction is observed between DDT and the Fe(III) or Fe(II) forms of the porphyrin, but the electrogenerated Fe(I) porphyrin efficiently catalyzes the electroreduction of DDT to give (1,1‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,2‐dichloroethane) DDD, (1,1‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2,2‐dichloroethylene) DDE and (1,1‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)‐2‐dichloroethane) DDMU as determined by GC‐MS analysis. The reductive dechlorination was monitored by electrochemistry, controlled potential electrolysis and spectroelectrochemistry and a mechanism for the reaction involving the reduced porphyrins and DDT is proposed. Comparisons are also made between the catalytic properties of metalloporphyrins containing iron, cobalt and manganese central metal ions under the same solution conditions.
Association analysis between the A118G polymorphism in the OPRM1 gene and treatment response to venlafaxine XR in generalized anxiety disorder
Authors: Cooper Alissa J. , Rickels Karl , Lohoff Falk W.
Published: May 2013

Patients diagnosed with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) exhibit differential responses to standard antidepressant pharmacotherapy. Mounting evidence demonstrates that genetic differences may be implicated in treatment response in disorders like GAD. In this study, we examined whether the OPRM1 gene, which has been implicated in antidepressant treatment response in major depressive disorder, also has an effect in GAD. In our study, 156 patients diagnosed with GAD received venlafaxine XR treatment as part of an 18‐month relapse prevention study. Genotypes were obtained for the OPRM1 functional variant A118G for the entire sample (n = 151); however, only the European American population was considered (n = 108) for pharmacogenetic analysis. We found no significant association between A118G and antidepressant treatment response in our GAD population. Future studies that include different single nucleotide polymorphisms of the OPRM1 gene as well as larger populations will need to be conducted to further elucidate the pharmacogenetic role of the endogenous opioid system in anxiety disorders. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
WATER ABSTRACTION CHARGES AS A WATER MANAGEMENT TOOL
Authors: Finney Chris
Published: May 2013

This paper reviews international experience with the use of water abstraction charges (WACs) as a tool for water resource management and a means of recovering the costs involved. It is based on a desk study undertaken to derive guidance for the possible improvement of the WAC system in China and for its use as a demand management tool. At present such charges are confined mainly to high‐ and middle‐income countries. Both the existing use of WACs and their levels of charge vary greatly between countries. A key requirement for their successful implementation is a sound system of water abstraction licensing. Once a licensing system is in operation the marginal costs of introducing abstraction charges are low. In most countries the basic aim of WACs is the recovery of the costs of water resource management. Impacts of abstraction charging on water demand were found generally to be small; only where charges are set at very high levels, far above cost recovery levels, are impacts significant. In most countries such high charges are not politically acceptable. A key requirement for the acceptance of WACs by water users is usually the ‘earmarking’ of the revenue from the charges, so that most is used for water resource‐related purposes. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Can quantitative sensory testing predict responses to analgesic treatment?
Authors: Grosen K. , Fischer I.W.D. , Olesen A.E. , Drewes A.M.
Published: May 2013

The role of quantitative sensory testing (QST) in prediction of analgesic effect in humans is scarcely investigated. This updated review assesses the effectiveness in predicting analgesic effects in healthy volunteers, surgical patients and patients with chronic pain. A systematic review of English written, peer‐reviewed articles was conducted using PubMed and Embase (1980–2013). Additional studies were identified by chain searching. Search terms included ‘quantitative sensory testing’, ‘sensory testing’ and ‘analgesics’. Studies on the relationship between QST and response to analgesic treatment in human adults were included. Appraisal of the methodological quality of the included studies was based on evaluative criteria for prognostic studies. Fourteen studies (including 720 individuals) met the inclusion criteria. Significant correlations were observed between responses to analgesics and several QST parameters including (1) heat pain threshold in experimental human pain, (2) electrical and heat pain thresholds, pressure pain tolerance and suprathreshold heat pain in surgical patients, and (3) electrical and heat pain threshold and conditioned pain modulation in patients with chronic pain. Heterogeneity among studies was observed especially with regard to application of QST and type and use of analgesics. Although promising, the current evidence is not sufficiently robust to recommend the use of any specific QST parameter in predicting analgesic response. Future studies should focus on a range of different experimental pain modalities rather than a single static pain stimulation paradigm.
Response of tropical sea surface temperature, precipitation, and tropical cyclone‐related variables to changes in global and local forcing
Authors: Emanuel Kerry , Sobel Adam
Published: May 2013

A single‐column model is used to estimate the equilibrium response of sea surface temperature (SST), precipitation, and several variables related to tropical cyclone (TC) activity to changes in both local and global forcing. Response to local forcing is estimated using the weak temperature gradient (WTG) approximation. The surface temperature is calculated using a thin slab ocean so as to maintain surface energy balance. Forcing is varied by changing the solar constant, atmospheric CO2 concentration, surface wind speed, and the convergence of upper ocean heat flux. These experiments show that precipitation and variables related to TC activity are not unique functions of SST on time scales long enough for surface energy balance to be maintained. Precipitation varies inversely with SST in experiments in which the surface wind speed is varied. At low wind speed, the WTG experiments reveal a regime of high relative SST and low precipitation, which is maintained by increased transmission of longwave radiation from the surface directly to space through a dry troposphere. In general, TC potential intensity and genesis potential vary much more rapidly with SST in response to varying surface wind speed than in response to other forcings. Local changes in TC potential intensity are highly correlated with local changes in SST, showing that relative SST is a good proxy for potential intensity when forcing is strictly local, but it cannot capture potentially important changes in potential intensity that arise from global‐scale changes in forcing.
Metabolic regulation of osteoclast differentiation and function
Authors: Indo Yoriko , Takeshita Sunao , Ishii Kiyo-Aki , Hoshii Takayuki , Aburatani Hiroyuki , Hirao Atsushi , Ikeda Kyoji
Published: May 2013

The osteoclast is a giant cell that resorbs calcified matrix by secreting acids and collagenolytic enzymes. The molecular mechanisms underlying metabolic adaptation to the increased biomass and energetic demands of osteoclastic bone resorption remain elusive. Here we show that during osteoclastogenesis the expression of both glucose transporter 1 (Glut1) and glycolytic genes is increased, whereas the knockdown of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (Hif1α), as well as glucose deprivation, inhibits the bone-resorbing function of osteoclasts, along with a suppression of Glut1 and glycolytic gene expression. Furthermore, the expression of the glutamine transporter solute carrier family 1 (neutral amino acid transporter), member 5 (Slc1a5) and glutaminase 1 was increased early in differentiation, and a depletion of L-glutamine or pharmacological inhibition of the Slc1a5 transporter suppressed osteoclast differentiation and function. Inhibition of c-Myc function abrogated osteoclast differentiation and function, along with a suppression of Slc1a5 and glutaminase 1 gene expression. Genetic and pharmacological inhibition of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), as well as the activation of adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK), inhibited osteoclastogenesis. Thus, the uptake of glucose and glutamine and utilization of the carbon sources derived from them, coordinated by HIF1α and c-Myc, are essential for osteoclast development and bone-resorbing activity through a balanced regulation of the nutrient and energy sensors, mTOR and AMPK. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Prevalence, determinants, and inappropriateness of calcium supplementation among men and women in a Spanish Mediterranean area: Cross-sectional data from the ESOSVAL cohort
Authors: Sanfélix-Gimeno Gabriel , Sanfélix-Genovés José , Rodriguez-Bernal Clara L , Peiró Salvador , Hurtado Isabel
Published: May 2013

Recently, safety concerns about calcium supplementation have arisen. In this situation, ensuring appropriateness of use is highly important. We aimed to describe the use of calcium and vitamin D supplements, the factors related to it, and to assess the appropriateness of calcium prescription among men and women aged 50 years or older. We performed a cross-sectional study in 2009–2010 including 11,035 adults who belong to the ESOSVAL cohort and attend 272 primary healthcare centers in the Valencia region of Spain. Criteria for the inappropriateness of calcium prescription, based on guidelines and recent evidence, were: excessive or insufficient daily total intake (diet plus supplements), excessive single doses of supplements, excessive or insufficient association with vitamin D, and overall inappropriateness. Calcium and/or vitamin D were prescribed to about 17% of the population. Older age, antiosteoporotic treatment, use of glucocorticoids, and a diagnosis of osteoporosis were related to prescription. The presence of other secondary causes of osteoporosis determined supplementation only in men. Calcium dietary intake was not related to the prescription of supplements. Among calcium users, 85.8% met at least one criterion of inappropriate prescription; 29% had an inappropriate daily total intake mainly resulting from excessive consumption (>2000 mg/day); 53.8% of patients were given calcium supplements in quantities higher than 500 mg per dose; and 38.9% of individuals receiving calcium supplements had inappropriate (absent or below 800 UI/day) vitamin D supplementation (all of them at high risk). In conclusion, we found high inappropriateness of calcium supplementation, mainly because of calcium overdosing, and also to undertreatment and underdosing of vitamin D in high-risk patients. Physicians should be encouraged to assess calcium dietary intakes before supplementation, recommending intake from food whenever possible, and to prescribe low calcium doses and high vitamin D doses when given in fixed-dose combinations, or vitamin D alone when calcium is not necessary. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research
Cardiovascular and renal complications to postsurgical hypoparathyroidism: A Danish nationwide controlled historic follow-up study
Authors: Underbjerg Line , Sikjaer Tanja , Mosekilde Leif , Rejnmark Lars
Published: May 2013

We aimed to identify all patients with postsurgical hypoparathyroidism (HypoPT) and to evaluate their risks of renal complications and cardiovascular disease in relation to their disease and its treatment. We identified possible patients through the Danish National Patient Registry and a prescription database. Case status was adjudicated by review of individual patients' hospital records. For each patient with postsurgical HypoPT due to surgery for nonmalignant diseases between 1988 and 2012, three age-matched (± 2 years) and gender-matched controls were selected from the general background population. The prevalence of postsurgical HypoPT was 22 per 100,000 inhabitants. We identified 688 patients who had undergone neck surgery since 1988 with subsequent hypocalcaemia and inappropriate low parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels that necessitated treatment with calcium and/or vitamin D supplementation for more than 6 months. The average age at diagnosis was 49 years (range, 17–87 years), and 88% were women. Sixteen percent of all patients had had neck surgery prior to the operation causing HypoPT. Compared with controls, patients with HypoPT had an increased risk of renal complications (hazard ratio [HR], 3.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41–5.59) and hospitalization due to seizures (HR, 3.82; 95% CI, 2.15–6.79), whereas there was no increased risk of cardiac arrhythmias (HR, 1.11; 95% CI, 0.79–1.57) or cardiovascular disease or death (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.73–1.09). In conclusion, although risk of seizures and renal complications is increased, mortality and risk of cardiovascular diseases or arrhythmias is not increased in patients with HypoPT. Further study should try to determine how to reduce the risk of seizures and renal complications in HypoPT. © 2013 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Adsorption of bromophenol blue from aqueous samples by novel supported ionic liquids
Authors: Liu Jiabing , Yao Shun , Wang Litao , Zhu Weixia , Xu Jing , Song Hang
Published: May 2013

BACKGROUND

Dyeing industry effluent is one of the most problematic waste waters needing to be treated. New adsorption materials, supported ionic liquids (SILs), have been successfully applied for dyes separation.

RESULTS

In this study, five SILs including two novel SILs were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR), elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TG‐DTA) and nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms. The new benzothiazolium hexafluorophosphate‐supported silica (SiO2·Bth+·PF6−) was screened out as the most effective adsorbent for adsorption of bromophenol blue (BPB), and had excellent adsorption and desorption capacity in dynamic adsorption and desorption experiments. It could be reused easily after elution with 0.01 mol L‐1 NaOH. Studies showed that the kinetic data were well described by the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model. Moreover, the isotherm experiments revealed that the Langmuir model yielded better fitting than the Freundlich model for BPB adsorption. The calculated thermodynamic parameters indicated that the adsorption of BPB was spontaneous and endothermic.

CONCLUSION

Five SILs including two novel SILs were prepared and characterized, and their application in the adsorption of BPB was investigated in detail. Among them, SiO2·Bth+·PF6− was found to be the best. This study is expected to be helpful in expanding the type of SILs and their application in the treatment of dyes pollution.© 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Renal artery stenosis due to fibromuscular dysplasia in a transplanted kidney from a deceased donor: A difficult diagnosis at color doppler ultrasonography
Authors: Venturini M. , Querques G. , Margari S. , Agostini G. , Colombo M. , Caldara R. , Socci C. , De Cobelli F. , Del Maschio A.
Published: May 2013

Atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis is a frequent cause of arterial hypertension and/or allograft dysfunction after kidney transplantation and is usually located at the iliac artery anastomosis. Fibromuscular dysplasia is a less frequent, nonatherosclerotic, vascular disease, inducing stenosis at the proximal/mid‐distal part of the renal artery. We report the case of a 44‐year‐old woman, in whom serum creatinine concentration increased and arterial hypertension developed 3 months after renal transplantation. Color Doppler ultrasonography showed a low arterial resistance index and prolonged acceleration time in the interlobar arteries, and a significantly increased peak systolic velocity at the mid third of the renal artery, demonstrating hemodynamically significant stenosis. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty allowed stenosis correction and was followed by creatinine concentration and arterial blood pressure normalization. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:116–120, 2014
Altitude profiles of lower thermospheric temperature from RAIDS/NIRS and TIMED/SABER remote sensing experiments
Authors: Christensen A. B. , Bishop R. L. , Budzien S. A. , Hecht J. H. , Mlynczak M. G. , Russell J. M. , Stephan A. W. , Walterscheid R. W.
Published: May 2013

Thermospheric temperatures derived from limb observations of the O2 A‐Band (0,0) emission spectrum obtained from January–July 2010, with the Remote Atmospheric and Ionospheric Detection System (RAIDS) Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRS) aboard the International Space Station, are compared to temperature results from the Thermosphere Ionosphere Mesosphere Energetics and Dynamics/Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) experiment. To account for a lack of simultaneous common volume observations, the observed temperatures were scaled by the NRLMSIS‐00 model temperatures for comparison. It was found that on average SABER, temperatures are warmer than NIRS at all altitudes between 90 and 140 km. In the altitude range 90–100 km, the SABER temperatures were warmer than NIRS by ~10 K consistent with previous validation experiments and in agreement with Optical Spectrograph and Infrared Imaging System (OSIRIS) O2 A‐band comparisons in the polar mesopause region. At higher altitudes, the differences between SABER and NIRS exceed 30 K on average. Thus, the NIRS observations reinforce the idea that the SABER temperatures are too warm below ~110 km; and above that altitude, they are increasingly in error consistent with expectations based on estimated inaccuracies in the retrieval algorithm. Large standard deviations of the SABER and NIRS ratios are reflective of substantial variability of the thermospheric temperatures throughout the region.
Source process of long‐period seismic events at Taal volcano, Philippines: Vapor transportation and condensation in a shallow hydrothermal fissure
Authors: Maeda Yuta , Kumagai Hiroyuki , Lacson Rudy , Figueroa Melquiades S. , Yamashina Tadashi
Published: May 2013

We analyzed observations of a swarm of more than 40,000 long‐period (LP) seismic events at Taal volcano, Philippines, in 2010–2011. The event waveforms are strongly correlated to each other, consistent with a fixed source location, and begin with a dilatational first motion. They have a peak frequency around 0.8 Hz and a quality factor Q of 6. Waveform inversion of the events pointed to a tensile crack source dipping 30°–60° at a shallow (100–200 m) depth. A simulation using a fluid‐filled crack model indicated that the complex frequencies of the waveforms are explained by the fundamental longitudinal mode resonance of a vapor‐filled crack 188 m long. A satellite thermal infrared image acquired during the swarm period suggests that the LP events were not accompanied by surface gas releases. We considered a vapor transportation model in which vapor exsolved from magma and rose in a fissure extending to the LP source. This model yielded estimates that 105–107 m3 of magma was involved in the LP swarm and that the temperature of vapor in the LP source crack was around 600 K. We modeled a triggering mechanism of the crack resonance based on sudden condensation of vapor at the crack tip in a cold aquifer. This model explained observed characteristics of the events including the dilatational first motion, the total volumetric change, and the fixed source location.
Evaluation of ECMWF's soil moisture analyses using observations on the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Su Z. , de Rosnay P. , Wen J. , Wang L. , Zeng Y.
Published: May 2013

An analysis is carried out for two hydrologically contrasting but thermodynamically similar areas on the Tibetan Plateau, to evaluate soil moisture analysis based on the European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) previous optimum interpolation scheme and the current point‐wise extended Kalman filter scheme. To implement the analysis, this study used two regional soil moisture and soil temperature networks (i.e., Naqu and Maqu) on the Tibetan Plateau. For the cold‐semiarid Naqu area, both ECMWF soil moisture analyses significantly overestimate the regional soil moisture in the monsoon seasons. For the cold‐humid Maqu network area, the ECMWF products have comparable accuracy as reported by previous studies in the humid monsoon period. The comparisons were made among the liquid soil moisture analysis from ECMWF, the ground station's measurements and the satellite estimates from the Advanced Scatterometer sensor. The results show reasonable performances of the ECMWF soil moisture analyses (i.e., both optimum interpolation and extended Kalman filter products) and the Advanced Scatterometer level 2 products, when compared to the in situ measurements.
Insight into the molecular recognition of spermine by DNA quadruplexes from an NMR study of the association of spermine with the thrombin‐binding aptamer
Authors: Keniry Max A. , Owen E. A.
Published: May 2013

The preferred residence sites and the conformation of DNA‐bound polyamines are central to understanding the regulatory roles of polyamines. To this end, we have used a series of selective 13C‐edited and selective total correlation spectroscopy‐edited one‐dimensional (1D) nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy NMR experiments to determine a number of intramolecular 1H nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE) connectivities in 13C‐labelled spermine bound to the thrombin‐binding aptamer. The results provide evidence that the aptamer‐bound spermine adopts a conformation that optimizes electrostatic and hydrogen bond contacts with the aptamer backbone. The distance between the nitrogen atoms of the central aminobutyl is reduced by an increase in the population of gauche conformers at the C6–C7 bonds, which results in either a curved or S‐shaped spermine conformation. Molecular modelling contributes insight toward the mode of spermine binding of these spermine structures within the narrow grooves of DNA quadruplexes. In each case, the N5 ammonium group makes hydrogen bonds with two nearby phosphates across the narrow groove. Our results have implications for the understanding of chromatin structure and the rational design of quadruplex‐binding drugs. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
siRNA associated with immunonanoparticles directed against cd99 antigen improves gene expression inhibition in vivo in Ewing's sarcoma
Authors: Ramon A. L. , Bertrand J. R. , de Martimprey H. , Bernard G. , Ponchel G. , Malvy C. , Vauthier C.
Published: May 2013

Ewing's sarcoma is a rare, mostly pediatric bone cancer that presents a chromosome abnormality called EWS/Fli‐1, responsible for the development of the tumor. In vivo, tumor growth can be inhibited specifically by delivering small interfering RNA (siRNA) associated with nanoparticles. The aim of the work was to design targeted nanoparticles against the cell membrane glycoprotein cd99, which is overexpressed in Ewing's sarcoma cells to improve siRNA delivery to tumor cells. Biotinylated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles were conceived as a platform to design targeted nanoparticles with biotinylated ligands and using the biotin–streptavidin coupling method. The targeted nanoparticles were validated in vivo for the targeted delivery of siRNA after systemic administration to mice bearing a tumor model of the Ewing's sarcoma. The expression of the gene responsible of Ewing's sarcoma was inhibited at 78% ± 6% by associating the siRNA with the cd99‐targeted nanoparticles compared with an inhibition of only 41% ± 9% achieved with the nontargeted nanoparticles. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TPD52 represents a survival factor inERBB2‐amplified breast cancer cells
Authors: Roslan Nuruliza , Bièche Ivan , Bright Robert K. , Lidereau Rosette , Chen Yuyan , Byrne Jennifer A.
Published: May 2013

TPD52 and ERBB2 co‐expression has been persistently reported in human breast cancer and animal models of this disease, but the significance of this is unknown. We identified significant positive associations between relativeTPD52andERBB2transcript levels in human diagnostic breast cancer samples, and maximalTPD52expression in the hormone receptor (HR)‐ and ERBB2‐positive sub‐group. High‐levelTPD52expression was associated with significantly reduced metastasis‐free survival, within the overall cohort (log rank test,P = 8.6 × 10−4,n = 375) where this was an independent predictor of metastasis‐free survival (hazard ratio, 2.69, 95% confidence interval 1.59–4.54,P = 2.2 × 10−4,n = 359), and the HR‐ and ERBB2‐positive sub‐group (log rank test,P = 0.035,n = 47). Transient TPD52 knock‐down in theERBB2‐amplified breast cancer cell lines SK‐BR‐3 and BT‐474 produced significant apoptosis, both singly and in combination with transient ERBB2 knock‐down. Unlike ERBB2 knock‐down, transient TPD52 knock‐down produced no reduction in pAKT levels in SK‐BR‐3 or BT‐474 cells. We then derived multiple SK‐BR‐3 cell lines in which TPD52 levels were stably reduced, and measured significant inverse correlations between pERBB2 and TPD52 levels in viable TPD52‐depleted and control cell lines, all of which showed similar proliferative capacities. Our results therefore identify TPD52 as a survival factor inERBB2‐amplified breast cancer cells, and suggest complementary cellular functions for TPD52 and ERBB2. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prohibitin‐2 promotes hepatocellular carcinoma malignancy progression in hypoxia based on a label‐free quantitative proteomics strategy
Authors: Cheng Jun , Gao Feng , Chen Xiang , Wu Jian , Xing Chunyang , Lv Zhen , Xu Wei , Xie Qing , Wu Liming , Ye Sunyi , Xie Haiyang , Zheng Shusen , Zhou Lin
Published: May 2013

The rapid growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) leading to tumor hypoxia is a common pathological phenomenon. Meanwhile, tumor hypoxia can promote a change in the biological properties of tumor cells. It may enhance the survival of tumor cells under stress conditions, resulting in resistance to apoptosis and angiogenesis. The moleculars that could modulate the malignant phenotypes of HCC cells remain largely unknown. Based on label‐free quantitative proteomic data, we found a significant upregulation of prohibitin‐2 (PHB2) in HCC tissues. Treatment of hepatoma cells with small interfering RNAs against PHB2 suppressed cell growth and colony formation, led to G1 phase arrest and sensitized HCC cells to apoptosis. Moreover, inhibition of PHB2 expression dramatically repressed the ability of HCC cells to adapt to hypoxic microenvironments and resist chemotherapy‐induced apoptosis. Thus, PHB2 in HCC supports the development and progression of hepatocellular malignancy to hypoxia, and implicates the potential antagonist function of PHB2 in transarterial chemoembolization treatment. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
High permittivity pads reduce specific absorption rate, improve B1 homogeneity, and increase contrast‐to‐noise ratio for functional cardiac MRI at 3 T
Authors: Brink Wyger M. , Webb Andrew G.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

To improve image quality and reduce specific absorption rate in functional cardiac imaging at 3 T.

Methods

Two high permittivity dielectric pads on the anterior and posterior sides of the thorax were numerically designed and implemented using an aqueous suspension of barium titanate. The effects on the average transmit efficiency, B1 homogeneity, reception sensitivity, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio were verified in vivo on a dual‐transmit system with the body coil driven in conventional quadrature and radiofrequency‐shimmed mode.

Results

Statistically significant improvements in average transmit efficiency, B1 homogeneity, and contrast‐to‐noise ratio were measured in healthy volunteers (n = 11) with body mass indices between 20.3 and 34.9. Simulations show that no radiofrequency hot spots are introduced by the dielectric material.

Conclusion

High permittivity pads are shown to reduce specific absorption rate, improve B1 homogeneity, and increase contrast‐to‐noise ratio in functional cardiac magnetic resonance at 3 T. The results presented in this work show that the current approach is more effective than dual‐channel radiofrequency shimming. Magn Reson Med 71:1632–1640, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
DCE‐MRI analysis methods for predicting the response of breast cancer to neoadjuvant chemotherapy: Pilot study findings
Authors: Li Xia , Arlinghaus Lori R. , Ayers Gregory D. , Chakravarthy A. Bapsi , Abramson Richard G. , Abramson Vandana G. , Atuegwu Nkiruka , Farley Jaime , Mayer Ingrid A. , Kelley Mark C. , Meszoely Ingrid M. , Means‐Powell Julie , Grau Ana M. , Sanders Melinda , Bhave Sandeep R. , Yankeelov Thomas E.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The purpose of this pilot study is to determine (1) if early changes in both semiquantitative and quantitative DCE‐MRI parameters, observed after the first cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer patients, show significant difference between responders and nonresponders and (2) if these parameters can be used as a prognostic indicator of the eventual response.

Methods

Twenty‐eight patients were examined using DCE‐MRI pre‐, post‐one cycle, and just prior to surgery. The semiquantitative parameters included longest dimension, tumor volume, initial area under the curve, and signal enhancement ratio related parameters, while quantitative parameters includedKtrans,ve,kep,vp, and τiestimated using the standard Tofts‐Kety, extended Tofts‐Kety, and fast exchange regime models.

Results

Our preliminary results indicated that the signal enhancement ratio washout volume andkepwere significantly different between pathologic complete responders from nonresponders (P < 0.05) after a single cycle of chemotherapy. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that the AUC of the signal enhancement ratio washout volume was 0.75, and the AUCs ofkepestimated by three models were 0.78, 0.76, and 0.73, respectively.

Conclusion

In summary, the signal enhancement ratio washout volume andkepappear to predict breast cancer response after one cycle of neoadjuvant chemotherapy. This observation should be confirmed with additional prospective studies.Magn Reson Med 71:1592–1602, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Accumulation of micron sized iron oxide particles in endothelin‐1 induced focal cortical ischemia in rats is independent of cell migration
Authors: Granot Dorit , Shapiro Erik M.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

Endogenous labeling of stem/ progenitor cells via intracerebroventricular injection of micron‐sized particles of iron oxide (MPIOs) has become standard methodology for MRI of adult neurogenesis. While this method is well characterized in the naïve rodent brain, it has not been fully investigated in disease models. Here, we describe methodological challenges that can confound data analysis when this technique is applied to a rat model of stroke, the endothelin‐1 model of focal cortical ischemia.

Methods

We intended to track endogenous neuroblast migration from the subventricular zone to the stroke area using previously described methods for in vivo labeling of endogenous neuroblasts with MPIOs and following migration with high resolution MRI.

Results

MPIOs accumulation in stroke regions of endothelin‐1‐treated brains involves two dynamic steps: an initial rapid cell independent mechanism, followed by slower MPIOs accumulation. While the latter may in part be attributable to cell dependent delivery of the particles, the cell independent mechanism complicates the interpretation of the data. Strategies aimed at prelabeling the stem cell niche reduced cell independent MPIOs accumulation, but failed to abolish it.

Conclusion

We conclude that MRI‐based neural stem/progenitor cell tracking via direct injection of MPIOs into the lateral and third ventricles, requires significant validation in models of brain disease/trauma. Magn Reson Med 71:1568–1574, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cellular imaging and texture analysis distinguish differences in cellular dynamics in mouse brain tumors
Authors: Gazdzinski Lisa M. , Nieman Brian J.
Published: May 2013

Purpose

The heterogeneous tumor cell population and dynamic microenvironment within a tumor lead to regional variations in cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In this work, MRI and optical projection tomography were used to examine and compare the redistribution of a cellular label in two mouse glioma models.

Methods

GL261 and 4C8 glioma cells labeled with iron oxide particles or with a fluorescent probe were injected into the brains of syngeneic mice and allowed to develop into ∼10‐mm3 tumors. Texture analysis was used to quantitatively describe and compare the label distribution patterns in the two tumor types.

Results

The label was seen to remain predominantly in the tumor core in GL261 tumors, but become more randomly distributed throughout the tumor volume in 4C8 tumors. Histologically, GL261 tumors displayed a more invasive, aggressive phenotype, although the distribution of mitotic cells in the two tumors was similar.

Conclusion

The redistribution of a cellular label during tumor growth is characteristic of a tumor model. The label distribution map reflects more than simple differences in cell proliferation and is likely influenced by differences in the tumor microenvironment. Magn Reson Med 71:1531–1541, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transparent cyclic olefin copolymer/silica nanocomposites
Authors: Roy Sunanda , Das Tanya , Yue Chee Yoon , Hu Xiao
Published: May 2013

In this work, melt blending of fumed nanosilica with cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) was carried out to prepare high strength transparent composites. The effects of various loadings (1, 2, 3 and 5 wt%) of nanosilica on the physical, mechanical, dynamic mechanical, thermal, tribological and optical properties of the COC composites were investigated in detail. The tensile test results showed that the nanocomposite with 3 wt% nanosilica content provides the highest tensile strength (55.6 MPa) compared with the nanocomposite with 5 wt% nanosilica content (54.6 MPa), which is believed to be significantly dependent on better dispersion. Moreover, the glass transition temperature (from tan δ) increased from 184 °C for pure COC to 194.3 °C for the COC composite with 3 wt% nanosilica. The scratch test and nano‐indentation results showed that addition of nanosilica increased the stiffness and hardness of the composite, providing higher scratch resistance and lower frictional coefficient. UV−visible spectroscopy measurements showed that the nanocomposites have excellent optical transparency which is similar to that of the pure COC film. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Chemical analysis in a drop: a dynamic surface tension detector for polymer and protein characterization
Authors: Bramanti Emilia , Skogerboe Kristen J. , Synovec Robert E.
Published: May 2013

A dynamic surface tension detector (DSTD) for the multidimensional analysis of polymers and proteins in aqueous solutions is reviewed. The DSTD is briefly compared with other instrumental methods for the measurement and evaluation of time‐dependent surface tension assessment. The dynamic nature of the surface tension signal is shown to provide unique selectivity and useful chemical information. The benefits of multidimensional detection using the DSTD for flow injection analysis and high performance liquid chromatography providing selective and sensitive surface activity analysis are discussed. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Tibetan sound meditation for cognitive dysfunction: results of a randomized controlled pilot trial
Authors: Milbury K. , Chaoul A. , Biegler K. , Wangyal T. , Spelman A. , Meyers C. A. , Arun B. , Palmer J. L. , Taylor J. , Cohen L.
Published: May 2013

Objective

Although chemotherapy‐induced cognitive impairment is common among breast cancer patients, evidence for effective interventions addressing cognitive deficits is limited. This randomized controlled trial examined the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a Tibetan Sound Meditation (TSM) program to improve cognitive function and quality of life in breast cancer patients.

Methods

Forty‐seven breast cancer patients (mean age 56.3 years), who were staged I–III at diagnosis, 6–60 months post‐chemotherapy, and reported cognitive impairment at study entry were recruited. Participants were randomized to either two weekly TSM sessions for 6 weeks or a wait list control group. Neuropsychological assessments were completed at baseline and 1 month post‐treatment. Self‐report measures of cognitive function (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (FACT)‐Cog), quality of life (SF‐36), depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), sleep disturbance (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index), fatigue (Brief Fatigue Inventory), and spirituality (FACT‐Sp) were completed at baseline, the end of treatment, and 1 month later.

Results

Relative to the control group, women in the TSM group performed better on the verbal memory test (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test trial 1) (p = 0.06) and the short‐term memory and processing speed task (Digit Symbol) (p = 0.09) and reported improved cognitive function (p = 0.06), cognitive abilities (p = 0.08), mental health (p = 0.04), and spirituality (p = 0.05) at the end of treatment but not 1 month later.

Conclusions

This randomized controlled trial revealed that TSM program appears to be a feasible and acceptable intervention and may be associated with short‐term improvements in objective and subjective cognitive function as well as mental health and spirituality in breast cancer patients. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Maximal respiratory pressure reference values for Navajo children ages 6–14
Authors: Arnall David A. , Nelson Arnold G. , Owens Beatrice , Iranzo Maria dels Àngels Cebrià i , Sokell Geri Ann , Kanuho Verdell , Interpreter Christina , Coast J. Richard
Published: May 2013

Background

Since anthropometric variables are critical to the creation of pulmonary nomograms for FVC, FEV1, and other volumes and capacities, it is logical that anthropometric variables also influence the values of the maximal respiratory pressures (MRPs). Since nomograms are race‐specific, it is important that tribe‐specific tables of normal maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) be developed. To date normal tables for MRPs do not exist for Navajo children.

Objective

Therefore the purpose of this study was to derive MRP normative reference values for Navajo children in the age range of 6–14 years.

Methods—Participants and Measurements

A cross‐sectional study was undertaken with a representative sample of 534 healthy children, ages 6–14 years, attending Navajo Nation elementary schools in Arizona. MIP and MEP were measured.

Results

Test results from 275 girls and 259 boys met American Thoracic Society quality control standards and showed that MRPs all increased with height. Mean MIP in cm H2O was 77 for boys and 67 for girls with lower limits of 44 and 40, respectively. Mean MEP in cm H2O was 75 for boys and 66 for girls with the lower limits of 42 and 38, respectively.

Conclusion

Since the data were collected from the population of interest, the resulting MIP and MEP reference equations should be used when testing Navajo children ages 6–14 years. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:804–808. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Comparison of lung clearance index measured during helium washin and washout in children with cystic fibrosis
Authors: Vermeulen François , Ophoff Jill , Proesmans Marijke , De Boeck Kris
Published: May 2013

Aim

Lung clearance index (LCI) is a sensitive marker of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF). This preliminary study compares results obtained from the washin and the washout phase of the multiple breath washout in CF children and healthy controls using an early commercially available device.

Methods

LCI was measured using a device measuring flow and mainstream molar mass with helium as the inert gas. Sixty‐five healthy controls and 65 CF children (age range 4.6–17.9 years) were included.

Results

LCI measured on the washout (LCIWO) and on the washin (LCIWI) were correlated in CF children (R = 0.440, P < 0.001, n = 185). LCIWO was higher than LCIWI with a mean difference of 1.08 (95% limits of agreement −2.11 to 4.27, n = 185) in CF children and 0.26 (95% LA −3.2 to 3.72, n = 185) in controls. Within‐test repeatability criteria were met in 107/130 WO and 93/130 WI (P = 0.034), In 81 children, LCIWI and LCIWO were obtained. LCIWI was higher in CF patients than in controls (7.72 vs. 6.55, P < 0.001), as was LCIWO (8.49 vs. 7.13, P < 0.001). In 34 CF patients with normal FEV1, LCIWI only was abnormal in five, LCIWO only in five and both were abnormal in three. One of seven CF patients with abnormal FEV1 had normal LCIWI and LCIWO.

Conclusion

In CF patients, discordances between abnormal LCIWI and LCIWO were observed. LCIWI and LCIWO were only weakly correlated. This likely resulted from technical factors as the use of mainstream molar mass signal, a temperature model validated for infants only and absence of CO2 correction. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2013; 48:962–969. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Use of Doripenem in Pediatric Cystic Fibrosis Patients in Case of Meropenem Shortages
Authors: Zobell Jeffery T. , Kemper Andrea L. , Young David C.
Published: May 2013

Ceftazidime is the only anti‐pseduomonal beta‐lactam that has been reported to be administered by extended infusion in pediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. A small pediatric pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic study has been published regarding the use of intermittent extended infusion doripenem in the treatment of an acute pulmonary exacerbation (APE) in pediatric CF patients; however, clinical use of intermittent extended infusion doripenem in pediatric CF patients has not been previously reported. We present three cases administering intermittent extended infusion doripenem in pediatric CF patients for the treatment of an APE in the case of replacing meropenem due to shortage. The delivery of beta‐lactam antibiotics via intermittent extended infusion should be considered in order to optimize the pharmacodynamics of beta‐lactams in the treatment of an APE. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2014; 49:E48–E51. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.