bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Do labour hoarding practices stimulate training investments? Evidence from the Italian Great Recession
Authors: Pedrini Giulio
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This paper investigates the relationship between labour hoarding practices and training investments during severe economic downturns focusing on the case of Italy during the Great Recession.

Design/methodology/approach

Data come from the 2010 Italian wave of Continuing Vocational Training Survey (CVTS). Econometric estimates plug a proxy of labour hoarding into the probability function that firms provide either off-the-job or on-the-job training. A bivariate selectivity probit model is also used for robustness sake.

Findings

Results show that labour hoarding should not be considered as an enhancer of training investments when considered as a standing-alone practice in presence of severe and deep economic downturn. However, labour hoarding does not penalize off-the-job training investments if it occurs in an innovative firm or in a firm that perceive specific skill requirements in the workforce during the recessionary period.

Originality/value

The paper contributes to the debate on the role of labour hoarding during severe recessions by showing that it cannot be functional to re-oriented firms’ investments aimed at upskilling their workforce. It is only compatible with new training courses that accompany the workforce across a technological transition. Policy implications deals with the suitability of job retention schemes or state-financed furlough during recessions, as occurred during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
Analysing enterprise resources for developing CRM framework in higher education institutions
Authors: Khashab Basel , Gulliver Stephen , Ayoubi Rami , Strong Carolyn
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Most Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) have silos of distributed processes, which adds to the confusion and conflict concerning the Customer Relationship Management (CRM), desires, expectation and needs (DEN). Where possible, in order to maximise resource impact and minimise organisational disruption, HEIs should practically map these DEN to processes, roles, events, activities, channels, and technologies (PRE-ACTs) that already exist within the organisation. The paper iteratively considers use of additional practical approaches that need be considered in order to ensure that strategic HEI CRM DEN are effectively captured, and that the requirements are appropriately mapped to existing HEI activities.

Design/methodology/approach

Content from 27 JISC cases, 10 semi-structured interviews and three focus group sessions have been collected and analysed using thematic analysis to understand how to develop preliminary stage 2 steps and assess the applicability of the final CRM strategy orientation support (CRM-SOS) framework stage 2 methods.

Findings

The authors believe that this study provides substantial practical support to CRM implementation practitioners when analysing customer CRM desires, expectation, and needs requirements. The developing practical tools aim to 1) support practitioners better comprehend the multifaceted life cycles, needs, and requirements of HEI customers, and 2) aid in the planning and management of CRM change more effectively.

Originality/value

The paper is extending the recent research around CRM strategy in HEIs by proposing additional practical approaches that need be considered to ensure that strategic CRM are effectively captured. The paper also offers considerable practical support to CRM implementation practitioners when analysing customer CRM desires, expectation, and needs' requirements.
How blockchain technology can be a sustainable infrastructure for the agrifood supply chain in developing countries
Authors: Kumar Anup , Srivastava Santosh Kumar , Singh Sarbjit
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to formulate a conceptual sustainable framework for developing a trusted, reliable, scalable, transparent, traceable and sustainable agri-food supply chain in a developing country so that it minimizes wastage and increases the efficiency levels of agri-produce and its usage.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses a rigorous review of extant literature, case studies and the interview method for theory building, using blockchain technology (BT) as a subject. Further, the study builds a framework to relate blockchain solutions to the challenges faced by the agri-supply chain. Notably, the use of BT in the agri-food supply chain is a relatively new area of study.

Findings

Limitations of using BT 3.0 in a diverse supply chain like the food sector, especially in a developing country such as India, may be overcome by adopting BT 4.0 and could change the country’s face by controlling inefficiencies and ensuring transparency, helping in good governance, improving the humanitarian supply chain and integrating the bottom of the pyramid to the main economy. Based on the findings, this study proposes BT 4.0 for the agri-supply chain in India to deal with the current issues of demand-supply gap, wastages of agri-produce, unequal distribution of profit among agriproduct producers and logistics suppliers and ensuring sustainability.

Research limitations/implications

Results in this study have been derived from a specific demographic condition in India. Future research with other demographic conditions may be replicated. BT is a new technology product, and its effectiveness is yet to be established.

Practical implications

The outcome of this study provides the application of BT 4.0 in the area of the agri-food supply chain. The BT 4.0 framework has been developed on studying a few cases that either implemented BT or were in the testing phase. The benefits of the agri-food supply chain vis-à-vis its overall social well-being may be achieved on the successful implementation of the framework, despite existing complexities in the food supply chain. Further research on this subject may help the other dimensions of the complexity of adopting BT 4.0. Both practitioners and policymakers from developing countries can, therefore, use the findings of this study to analyze BT 4.0 and address the concerns of the agri-food supply chain.

Originality/value

This research paper has proposed a conceptual framework of BT 4.0, which is a completely new technology. It is fairly transparent, and therefore sustainable supply chain practices may be achieved easily.
The impact of intellectual capital on commercial banks' performance: evidence from Bangladesh
Authors: Mollah Md. Anhar Sharif , Rouf Md. Abdur
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Intellectual capital (IC) and financial performance is now a very contemporary issue in the banking sector. The purpose of this study is to investigate empirically the impact of IC on financial performance of all the listed commercial banks of Bangladesh.

Design/methodology/approach

Bangladesh Bank database and financial statement of the listed commercial banks of Bangladesh for the period of 2014–2018 have been used to collect data. Value added intellectual coefficient (VAICTM) methods have been used for measuring the performance of banks. VAICTMdetermined IC and its three major components like structural, human and capital employed.

Findings

The results suggest that human capital efficiency (HCE) and capital employed efficiency (CEE) have statistically significant relationships with bank performance, but when VAICTMis divided then structural capital efficiency (SCE) does not have a significant relationship with bank performance.

Research limitations/implications

The study uses only listed banks, but it does not include all the commercial banks specially nationalized commercial banks.

Practical implications

The findings allowed banks to focus more on human capital (HC) and structural capital, because in the present world, HC is considered one of the key factors for the success in business. This study also provides an awareness on how good IC of the banking companies will bring more assistance to a better life of a society.

Originality/value

This is one of the very few studies which examine the impact of IC on bank financial performance in Bangladesh.
Exploring the impact of brand placement repetition on the effectiveness of umbrella branding
Authors: Davtyan Davit , Tashchian Armen
Published: March 2022

Purpose

This study aims to compare and contrast the effectiveness of single- and dual-product repetition strategies in the brand placement context. The study also aims to explore the number of repetitions needed for achieving maximum impact on brand memory (i.e. recall and recognition) and brand attitudes.

Design/methodology/approach

The proposed hypotheses and research questions were tested using a quasi-experimental approach. Participants watched a block of eight videos containing four different levels comprising one, three, five and seven repetitions of products belonging to the same umbrella brand. Subsequently, participants completed a questionnaire designed to measure brand memory and brand attitudes.

Findings

Results indicate that dual-product brand placements could elicit higher levels of brand recall than that of single-product brand placements at moderate and high levels of repetition (i.e. five and seven). Moreover, at a high level of repetition (i.e. seven repetitions), the brand attitudes of consumers exposed to dual-product brand placements are significantly higher when product categories are dissimilar.

Originality/value

Consumers are increasingly exposed to multiple products of the same umbrella brands when watching various video content. However, prior research has not examined the effects of brand placement repetition in the umbrella branding context. This study is the first attempt at combining research streams on umbrella branding and brand placements and comparing the effects of repetitive exposure to single- and dual-product brand placements on consumers’ memory and brand attitudes.
Course complexity in engineering education using E-learner's affective-state prediction
Authors: Rathi Snehal R. , Deshpande Yogesh D.
Published: March 2022

Purpose

Affective states in learning have gained immense attention in education. The precise affective-states prediction can increase the learning gain by adapting targeted interventions that can adjust the changes in individual affective states of students. Several techniques are devised for predicting the affective states considering audio, video and biosensors. Still, the system that relies on analyzing audio and video cannot certify anonymity and is subjected to privacy problems.

Design/methodology/approach

A new strategy, termed rider squirrel search algorithm-based deep long short-term memory (RiderSSA-based deep LSTM) is devised for affective-state prediction. The deep LSTM training is done by the proposed RiderSSA. Here, RiderSSA-based deep LSTM effectively predicts the affective states like confusion, engagement, frustration, anger, happiness, disgust, boredom, surprise and so on. In addition, the learning styles are predicted based on the extracted features using rider neural network (RideNN), for which the Felder–Silverman learning-style model (FSLSM) is considered. Here, the RideNN classifies the learners. Finally, the course ID, student ID, affective state, learning style, exam score and course completion are taken as output data to determine the correlative study.

Findings

The proposed RiderSSA-based deep LSTM provided enhanced efficiency with elevated accuracy of 0.962 and the highest correlation of 0.406.

Originality/value

The proposed method based on affective prediction obtained maximal accuracy and the highest correlation. Thus, the method can be applied to the course recommendation system based on affect prediction.
Total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) and MICMAC approach in analysing knowledge risks in ICT-supported collaborative project
Authors: Foli Samuel
Published: March 2022

Purpose

As emphasised by the theory of knowledge-based view, knowledge constitutes the basic element for a firm’s competitive advantage. Consequently, a firm’s knowledge at risk could have an adverse effect on its performance. In this regard, this paper aims to investigate potential knowledge risks present in an (ICT)-supported collaborative project and establishes inter- and multi-relationships among these risks.

Design/methodology/approach

In this paper, an integrated approach using the total interpretive structural modelling (TISM) technique and MICMAC analysis is implemented to determine the hierarchical inter-relationships among knowledge risks and classify them according to their driving and dependence power.

Findings

The result reveals seven knowledge risks. The analysis establishes cybercrime and espionage as high drivers of knowledge risks in an ICT-supported collaborative project. Further, a comprehensive model is developed showing the hierarchical structure and multi- and inter-relationships among the analysed risks.

Practical implications

From a practical viewpoint, the proposed model in this study will be of great importance to practitioners because it highlights the most prominent knowledge risks in an ICT-supported collaborative project. Additionally, it will provide a clue for effective knowledge risk management in a systematic approach.

Originality/value

To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is one of the first studies to use both the TISM technique and MICMAC analysis to identify and classify knowledge risks in an ICT-supported collaborative project.
Partial mycoheterotrophy in rhizoctonia‐associated orchid Cheirostylis liukiuensis
Authors: Yagi Ryuta , Tayasu Ichiro , Suetsugu Kenji
Published: March 2022

Partially mycoheterotrophic plant species obtain organic carbon, via both photosynthesis and mycorrhizal symbiosis. In this study, we investigated the mycorrhizal fungi association and nutritional mode of Cheirostylis liukiuensis, which is suspected to be a partial mycoheterotrophic plant, due to its characteristic reduced underground organs, low‐light growth environment, and some fully mycoheterotrophic species in the phylogenetically related genera. Molecular analysis of the dominant mycobiont and stable isotope analysis suggested that C. liukiuensis is a partial mycoheterotrophic plant predominantly associate with non‐ectomycorrhizal Ceratobasidiaceae fungi. As examples of partial mycoheterotrophic orchids exploiting non‐ectomycorrhizal rhizoctonia are still limited, this study provides valuable information on the nutritional modes of green orchids.
Evaluating risk for alcohol use disorder: Polygenic risk scores and family history
Authors: Lai Dongbing , Johnson Emma C. , Colbert Sarah , Pandey Gayathri , Chan Grace , Bauer Lance , Francis Meredith W. , Hesselbrock Victor , Kamarajan Chella , Kramer John , Kuang Weipeng , Kuo Sally , Kuperman Samuel , Liu Yunlong , McCutcheon Vivia , Pang Zhiping , Plawecki Martin H. , Schuckit Marc , Tischfield Jay , Wetherill Leah , Zang Yong , Edenberg Howard J. , Porjesz Bernice , Agrawal Arpana , Foroud Tatiana
Published: March 2022

Background

Early identification of individuals at high risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD) coupled with prompt interventions could reduce the incidence of AUD. In this study, we investigated whether Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS) can be used to evaluate the risk for AUD and AUD severity (as measured by the number of DSM‐5 AUD diagnostic criteria met) and compared their performance with a measure of family history of AUD.

Methods

We studied individuals of European ancestry from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria were available for 7203 individuals, of whom 3451 met criteria for DSM‐IV alcohol dependence or DSM‐5 AUD and 1616 were alcohol‐exposed controls aged ≥21 years with no history of AUD or drug dependence. Further, 4842 individuals had a positive first‐degree family history of AUD (FH+), 2722 had an unknown family history (FH?), and 336 had a negative family history (FH−). PRS were derived from a meta‐analysis of a genome‐wide association study of AUD from the Million Veteran Program and scores from the problem subscale of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test in the UK Biobank. We used mixed models to test the association between PRS and risk for AUD and AUD severity.

Results

AUD cases had higher PRS than controls with PRS increasing as the number of DSM‐5 diagnostic criteria increased (p‐values ≤ 1.85E−05) in the full COGA sample, the FH+ subsample, and the FH? subsample. Individuals in the top decile of PRS had odds ratios (OR) for developing AUD of 1.96 (95% CI: 1.54 to 2.51, p‐value = 7.57E−08) and 1.86 (95% CI: 1.35 to 2.56, p‐value = 1.32E−04) in the full sample and the FH+ subsample, respectively. These values are comparable to previously reported ORs for a first‐degree family history (1.91 to 2.38) estimated from national surveys. PRS were also significantly associated with the DSM‐5 AUD diagnostic criterion count in the full sample, the FH+ subsample, and the FH? subsample (p‐values ≤6.7E−11). PRS remained significantly associated with AUD and AUD severity after accounting for a family history of AUD (p‐values ≤6.8E−10).

Conclusions

Both PRS and family history were associated with AUD and AUD severity, indicating that these risk measures assess distinct aspects of liability to AUD traits.
Cabbage‐centre grub (Hellula hydralis Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae): a new pest challenge to long‐season canola grown for forage and grain in southern Australia
Authors: Nash Michael
Published: March 2022

Canola crops grown across southern Australia are subject to damage from more than 40 invertebrate species. Shifts within this invertebrate pest complex have evolved due to changing management practices. The latest change is the sowing of winter canola cultivars in the proceeding spring (September–November), grazing during late summer to early winter (February–June) and then ‘locking up’ for grain harvest in December/January. Complementary to this practice is the sowing of longer‐season spring cultivars in early autumn, also for grazing. Do long‐growing‐season crops create green bridges for insects and diseases? In the autumn of 2016, significant damage to forage canola caused by Hellula hydralis Guenée, 1854 was reported. The widespread occurrence of H. hydralis moths across south‐east Australia is expected due to it migrating on southerly airflows from where it is a pest in subtropical vegetable crops. Previously, H. hydralis had been considered as an occasional pest in forage turnips grown over the summer–autumn period. However, the occurrence of multiple larval instars in winter canola for a prolonged period in late summer and early autumn of 2016 across the high‐rainfall zones of south‐east Australia causing substantial loss of dry matter has not been reported previously. Little is known about this native species, but international literature exists for related pest species. The likely factors and implications of the unusually high occurrence of H. hydralis in forage canola are discussed. Pest report data indicate that H. hydralis continues to cause damage, suggesting that the growing of long‐season forage canola is providing another, more suitable, over‐summer breeding ground in southern Australia for this native species. Long‐term research on crop and non‐crop hosts is necessary to understand, hence manage, H. hydralis as a pest of canola.
Diversity of Japanese consumers' requirements, sensory perceptions, and eating preferences for meat
Authors: Sasaki Keisuke
Published: March 2022

Japanese consumers are generally characterized as preferring high marbling in beef and pork and choosing domestic products. However, the Japanese food market is not homogenous. Understanding the diversity of Japanese consumers will provide benefits for the optimization of meat production and distribution in Japan. This article focuses on three factors affecting purchasing decisions and eating satisfaction, namely, requirements, sensory perception, and eating preferences, in order to understand the diversity of Japanese consumers in a simplified manner. Diversity was observed in Japanese consumers in all three of these factors (requirements, perception, and preference) using a questionnaire survey, sensory and biological procedures, and an eating preference test. These diversities are due to not only sociodemographic characteristics but also biological and physiological factors, background culture, and individual attitudes and criteria. Although consumer variation based on sociodemographic characteristics is of course important, it is equally important to understand diversity by focusing on the individual differences among consumers.
Novel antiangiogenic therapy targeting biglycan using tumor endothelial cell‐specific liposomal siRNA delivery system
Authors: Maishi Nako , Sakurai Yu , Hatakeyama Hiroto , Umeyama Yui , Nakamura Takashi , Endo Rikito , Alam Mohammad Towfik , Li Cong , Annan Dorcas Akuba‐Muhyia , Kikuchi Hiroshi , Morimoto Hirofumi , Morimoto Masahiro , Akiyama Kosuke , Ohga Noritaka , Hida Yasuhiro , Harashima Hideyoshi , Hida Kyoko
Published: March 2022

Tumor blood vessels play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis. Targeting tumor endothelial cells (TECs) is one of the strategies for cancer therapy. We previously reported that biglycan, a small leucine‐rich proteoglycan, is highly expressed in TECs. TECs utilize biglycan in an autocrine manner for migration and angiogenesis. Furthermore, TEC‐derived biglycan stimulates tumor cell migration in a paracrine manner leading to tumor cell intravasation and metastasis. In this study, we explored the therapeutic effect of biglycan inhibition in the TECs of renal cell carcinoma using an in vivo siRNA delivery system known as a multifunctional envelope‐type nanodevice (MEND), which contains a unique pH‐sensitive cationic lipid. To specifically deliver MEND into TECs, we incorporated cyclo(Arg–Gly–Asp–D–Phe–Lys) (cRGD) into MEND because αVβ3 integrin, a receptor for cRGD, is selective and highly expressed in TECs. We developed RGD‐MEND‐encapsulating siRNA against biglycan. First, we confirmed that MEND was delivered into OS‐RC‐2 tumor‐derived TECs and induced in vitro RNAi‐mediated gene silencing. MEND was then injected intravenously into OS‐RC‐2 tumor‐bearing mice. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that MEND was specifically delivered into TECs. Quantitative RT‐PCR indicated that biglycan was knocked down by biglycan siRNA‐containing MEND. Finally, we analyzed the therapeutic effect of biglycan silencing by MEND in TECs. Tumor growth was inhibited by biglycan siRNA‐containing MEND. Tumor microenvironmental factors such as fibrosis were also normalized using biglycan inhibition in TECs. Biglycan in TECs can be a novel target for cancer treatment.
The metabolomic landscape plays a critical role in glioma oncogenesis
Authors: Masui Kenta , Cavenee Webster K. , Mischel Paul S. , Shibata Noriyuki
Published: March 2022

Cancer cells depend on metabolic reprogramming for survival, undergoing profound shifts in nutrient sensing, nutrient uptake and flux through anabolic pathways, in order to drive nucleotide, lipid, and protein synthesis and provide key intermediates needed for those pathways. Although metabolic enzymes themselves can be mutated, including to generate oncometabolites, this is a relatively rare event in cancer. Usually, gene amplification, overexpression, and/or downstream signal transduction upregulate rate‐limiting metabolic enzymes and limit feedback loops, to drive persistent tumor growth. Recent molecular‐genetic advances have revealed discrete links between oncogenotypes and the resultant metabolic phenotypes. However, more comprehensive approaches are needed to unravel the dynamic spatio‐temporal regulatory map of enzymes and metabolites that enable cancer cells to adapt to their microenvironment to maximize tumor growth. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses are powerful tools for analyzing a repertoire of metabolic enzymes as well as intermediary metabolites, and in conjunction with other omics approaches could provide critical information in this regard. Here, we provide an overview of cancer metabolism, especially from an omics perspective and with a particular focus on the genomically well characterized malignant brain tumor, glioblastoma. We further discuss how metabolomics could be leveraged to improve the management of patients, by linking cancer cell genotype, epigenotype, and phenotype through metabolic reprogramming.
Print and online textual news media coverage ofUKlow‐risk drinking guidelines from 2014 to 2017: A review and thematic analysis
Authors: Kersbergen Inge , Buykx Penny , Brennan Alan , Brown Jamie , Michie Susan , Holmes John
Published: March 2022

Introduction

The UK low‐risk drinking guidelines were revised in 2016. Drinkers were primarily informed about the guidelines via news media, but little is known about this coverage. This study investigated the scale and content of print and online textual news media coverage of drinking guidelines in England from February 2014 to October 2017.

Methods

We searched the Nexis database and two leading broadcasters' websites (BBC and Sky) for articles mentioning the guidelines. We randomly selected 500 articles to code for reporting date, accuracy, tone, context and purpose of mentioning the guidelines, and among these, thematically analysed 200 randomly selected articles.

Results

Articles mentioned the guidelines regularly. Reporting peaked when the guidelines revision was announced (7.4% of articles). The most common type of mention was within health‐ or alcohol‐related articles and neutral in tone (70.8%). The second most common was in articles discussing the guidelines' strengths and weaknesses, which were typically negative (14.8%). Critics discredited the guidelines' scientific basis by highlighting conflicting evidence and arguing that guideline developers acted politically. They also questioned the ethics of limiting personal autonomy to improve public health. Criticisms were partially facilitated by announcing the guidelines alongside a ‘no safe level of drinking’ message, and wider discourse misrepresenting the guidelines as rules, and highlighting apparent inconsistencies with standalone scientific papers and international guidelines.

Discussion and Conclusions

News media generally covered drinking guidelines in a neutral and accurate manner, but in‐depth coverage was often negative and sought to discredit the guidelines using scientific and ethical arguments.
Goodnight, astrocyte: waking up to astroglial mechanisms in sleep
Authors: Ingiosi Ashley M. , Frank Marcos G.
Published: March 2022

Astrocytes mediate many important aspects of neural homeostasis, but until recently, their role in sleep was largely unknown. The situation has dramatically changed in the last decade. The use of transgenic animals, optogenetics, chemogenetics, brain imaging and sophisticated molecular assays has led to exciting discoveries. Astrocytes dynamically change their activity across the sleep–wake cycle and may encode sleep need via changes in intracellular signalling pathways. Astrocytes also exocytose/secrete sleep‐inducing molecules which modulate brain activity, sleep architecture and sleep regulation. Many of these observations have been made in mice and Drosophila melanogaster, indicating that astroglial sleep mechanisms are evolutionarily conserved. We review recent findings and discuss future directions.
When it pays off to take a look: Infants learn to follow an object’s motion with their gaze—Especially if it features eyes
Authors: Michel Christine , Pauen Sabina , Hoehl Stefanie
Published: March 2022

Social cues and instrumental learning are two aspects potentially fostering early gaze following. We systematically investigated the influence of social features (schematic eyes vs. reverse‐contrast eyes) and gaze‐contingent reinforcement (elicited vs. not elicited) on 4‐month‐olds’ learning to attend to gaze‐cued objects. In 4 experiments, we tested infants’ (N = 74) gaze following of a turning block with schematic or reverse‐contrast eyes. In Experiments 1 and 2, infants could elicit an attractive animation in a training phase via interactive eye tracking by following the turning of the block. Experiments 3 and 4 were yoked controls without contingent reinforcement. Infants did not spontaneously follow the motion of the block. Four‐month‐olds always followed the block after training when it featured schematic eyes. When the block featured reverse‐contrast eyes, the training phase only affected infants’ looking behavior without reinforcement. While speaking to a certain degree of plasticity, findings stress the importance of eyes for guiding infants’ attention.
Exogenous calcium application enhances salt tolerance of sweet sorghum seedlings
Authors: Yang Wenjing , Gao Yinping , Wang Xuemei , Li Simin , Zheng Hongxiang , Chen Zengting , Wu Fenghui , Du Xihua , Sui Na
Published: March 2022

The intensification of global soil salinization has seriously decreased crop yield. At the same time, the rapid increase in population has raised the demand for crop yields. Reasonable use of saline‐alkali land and cultivation of salt‐tolerant crops through transgenic technology becomes more important. Sweet sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)], as an important energy crop, resists abiotic stress effectively. In our previous salt tolerance gene‐screening experiment of sweet sorghum, it was found that applying calcium ions could alleviate salt stress of sweet sorghum to some extent. Therefore, 10 and 20 mM CaCl2 were applied to explore the effect of exogenous calcium application on salt stress. Compared with the sweet sorghum treated by salt stress, the dry and fresh weight of the plants were significantly increased, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) was decreased after applying calcium ions. At the same time, diaminobenzidine and nitro blue tetrazolium chloride monohydrate staining results showed that the contents of H2O2 and O2−• in the plants after calcium application were lower than those only treated with salt stress. To investigate the regulation mechanism of exogenous calcium application alleviating salt stress, RNA‐seq analysis was performed using libraries established in Roma roots under normal and NaCl treatment. Combined with Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes analysis, we found that calcium‐related genes were more involved in the oxidation‐reduction process and carbohydrate metabolism pathway. Among all differentially expressed genes, 12 known functional genes were further explored based on functional annotations and existing studies. To detect whether these 12 genes are related to salt response, we treated the Arabidopsis mutants of their homologous genes with 150 mM NaCl for 7 days. Among them, atglr3.5, atgad4, atiqm4, atglr2.8 and annat7 showed worse growth, lower survival rate and higher MDA content than WT under salt stress. This indicates that applying exogenous calcium can affect the expression of SbGR3.4, SbGADX1, SbIQM4, SbGR2.8 and SbAnnD7, which can regulate the expression of genes related to the lignin degradation, absorption of NH4+, and ubiquitination‐proteasome pathway, energy metabolism and cleaning of ROS accumulation in sweet sorghum under salt stress, so as to enhance the salt tolerance of plants.
Commentary: State of transitional care for emerging adults – reflections on Anderson et al.
Authors: Tuomainen Helena
Published: March 2022

Transitional care at the boundary between child/adolescent and adult mental health services has received increased research attention over the past decade, many studies revealing similar unsatisfactory findings. The needs of service users and their parents/carers are the same across the world, and they are not being met. Outdated organisational structures and training agendas contribute to the difficulties at the boundary, which marks the end of specialist care for most young people attending child/adolescent mental health services. The review by Anderson et al. summarises the latest research in this area.
Generating Models for Item Preknowledge
Authors: Gorney Kylie , Wollack James A.
Published: March 2022

Detection methods for item preknowledge are often evaluated in simulation studies where models are used to generate the data. To ensure the reliability of such methods, it is crucial that these models are able to accurately represent situations that are encountered in practice. The purpose of this article is to provide a critical analysis of common models that have been used to simulate preknowledge. Both response accuracy (RA) and response time (RT) models are considered. The justifications and supporting evidence for each model are evaluated using three real data sets, and the impact of generating model on detection power is examined in two simulation studies.
Effects of heat shock on energy metabolism and antioxidant defence in a tropical fish speciesPsalidodon bifasciatus
Authors: Resende Anna Carolina , Mauro Carneiro Pereira Diego , Cristina Schleger Ieda , Dmengeon Pedreiro de Souza Maria Rosa , Alvez Neundorf Ananda Karla , Romão Silvia , Herrerias Tatiana , Donatti Lucélia
Published: March 2022

Predictions about global warming have raised interest in assessing whether ectothermic organisms will be able to adapt to these changes. Understanding the physiological mechanisms and metabolic adjustment capacity of fish subjected to heat stress can provide subsidies that may contribute to decision‐making in relation to ecosystems and organisms subjected to global climate change. This study investigated the antioxidant defence system and energy metabolism of carbohydrate and protein responses in the gill, liver and kidney tissues ofPsalidodon bifasciatus(Garavello & Sampaio 2010), a Brazilian freshwater fish used in aquaculture and in biological studies, following exposure to heat shock at 31°C for 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h. The fish presented signs of stress in all tissues tested, as evidenced by increased lipid peroxidation concentration at 2 h and phosphofructokinase, hexokinase and malate dehydrogenase activity at 48 h in the gills; increased glutathione‐S‐transferase activity at 12 h, citrate synthase activity at 24 h and concentration of reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration at 12 and 48 h in the liver; and through increased activity of superoxide dismutase at 48 h, glutathione reductase at 24 h, glucose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase at 48 h and concentration of GSH at 24 h in the kidney. In the kidneys, changes in the antioxidant system were more prominent, whereas in the gills, there were greater changes in the carbohydrate metabolism. These results indicated the importance of glycolysis and aerobic metabolism in the gills, aerobic metabolism in the liver and pentose‐phosphate pathway in the kidneys during homeostasis. The biomarker response was tissue specific, with the greatest number of biomarkers altered in the gills, followed by those in the kidneys and liver.
Determination of thermal properties (and their uncertainties) during the cooling of apples (Malus communis)
Authors: Santos Newton Carlos , da Silva Wilton Pereira , Gomes Josivanda Palmeira , Barros Sâmela Leal , Silva Cleide Maria D. P. S. E. , Santiago Ângela Maria , da Silva Júnior Aluizio Freire
Published: March 2022

The present study goal was to determine the thermal properties of apples during their cooling. Fuji apple was cooled in a domestic refrigerator by natural convection. Thermal properties were determined assuming the geometry of an equivalent sphere. An optimizer software (LS Optimizer) was used for the inverse problem. A new heat conduction software was developed to solve the direct problem, using the spherical geometry of the diffusion equation with the boundary condition of the third kind. Thus, thermal properties of apples and their uncertainties were calculated during cooling. The developed software for the direct problem was used to simulate the cooling kinetics for any previously specified point within the sphere. The fitting of the simulated curve to the experimental points showed coefficient of determination (R2) greater than 0.99 and low values of the chi‐square function (). Therefore, it can be concluded that the spherical geometry and the boundary condition of the third kind were adequate to describe the process of heat removal for apple. Determined values of thermal diffusivity and convective heat transfer coefficient wereα = (1.38 ± 0.07) × 10−7 m2 s−1andh = (1.360 ± 0.018) × 10−6 m s−1, respectively, with confidence intervals of 95.4%. Another confirmation of the developed model was the fact that the thermal diffusivity was similar to the estimate by Riedel correlation (α = 1.38 × 10−7 m2 s−1). The position of the thermocouple in the equivalent sphere calculated by numerical solution wasr = 6.6 mm.

Practical Applications

One of the main contributions of this paper is the calculation of thermal parameters along cooling with their uncertainties. This will result in very accurate simulation of the pasteurization and freezing processes. Furthermore, the values obtained in the study can be used to predict new cooling curves for the same product, but with different dimensions.
Applying the family stress model to parental acculturative stress and Latinx youth adjustment: A review of the literature
Authors: Miller Michelle , Csizmadia Annamaria
Published: March 2022

The unique challenges and stressors that occur during acculturation, which are often referred to as acculturative stress (AS), have been associated with psychosocial and health challenges that influence parents, youth, and family functioning. Less is known about the role of parental acculturative stress (PAS) and its association to youth adjustment in Latinx families. Highlighting the role of stress in family mechanisms and youth adjustment, the family stress model (FSM) is increasingly used to inform research that explores the association between PAS and youth adjustment in Latinx families. However, integration of its key components is limited in existing work. This article seeks to critically review and integrate research on PAS and Latinx immigrant‐origin youth outcomes by situating the literature within the FSM framework. Findings are analyzed through the FSM lens to identify future directions for research.
Monetary Policy in a Schumpeterian Growth Model with Vertical R&D Sectors
Authors: HUANG CHIEN‐YU , WU YOUCHANG , YANG YIBAI , ZHENG ZHIJIE
Published: March 2022

We explore the growth and welfare effects of monetary policy in a Schumpeterian economy with cash‐in‐advance (CIA)‐constrained research and development (R&D) investment in both the upstream and downstream sectors. We show that the nominal interest rate can have an inverted‐U relation with economic growth due to its effects on labor allocations between manufacturing and R&D and between the R&D sectors. Furthermore, aggregate R&D overinvestment is generally sufficient but not necessary for the Friedman rule of zero nominal interest rates to be suboptimal. Calibrated using data from U.S. manufacturing firms, our model features a positive welfare‐maximizing nominal interest rate despite aggregate R&D underinvestment.
Method for quantifying the reaction degree of slag in alkali‐activated cements using deep learning‐based electron microscopy image analysis
Authors: Teck Priscilla , Snellings Ruben , Elsen Jan
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present a methodology for measuring the reaction degree of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) in alkali‐activated cements using neural network based image analysis. The new methodology consists of an image analysis routine in which the segmentation of the back scattered electron (BSE) (SEM) images is based on a deep learning U‐net. This methodology was applied to and developed for NaOH‐activated slag cements and validated against independently measured XRD results. In a next step the developed method was applied to NaOH‐Na2SO4‐activated systems, to check the broader applicability. The neural networks based image analysis results were shown to correlate well with the XRD results. Once the model was trained, it segmented images fast and accurately. Furthermore, the model trained on the NaOH‐activated systems was readily applicable on NaOH‐Na2SO4‐activated system indicating that the model generalises well. As such, the developed methodology and models can be more performant and robust than conventional threshold‐based image segmentation. The method's accuracy, replicability and transferability make it a promising tool for material analysis and characterisation.
The Neutral Zone Approach with CAD‐CAM Record Bases
Authors: Choi Seonghee , Kim Sunjai , Chang Jae‐Seung
Published: March 2022

Lack of adequate retention, support, and stability in the complete denture can be attributed to a poor fit or incorrect shape of the polished surfaces. This article presents a case using the neutral zone technique effectively with the fabrication of computer‐aided design and computer‐aided manufacturing (CAD‐CAM) record bases in an edentulous patient with severely resorbed alveolar ridges and discusses the overall treatment steps and clinical implications of this technique. A stable neutral zone and an accurate jaw relation were recorded using CAD‐CAM record bases and stability of complete denture was optimized by arranging denture teeth and reforming polishing surfaces in the neutral zone. A new complete denture was fabricated for a patient with atrophic alveolar ridges by a technique utilizing the neutral zone with CAD‐CAM record bases.
The role of respiratory syncytial virus‐ and rhinovirus‐induced bronchiolitis in recurrent wheeze and asthma—A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Makrinioti Heidi , Hasegawa Kohei , Lakoumentas John , Xepapadaki Paraskevi , Tsolia Maria , Castro‐Rodriguez Jose A. , Feleszko Wojciech , Jartti Tuomas , Johnston Sebastian L. , Bush Andrew , Papaevangelou Vasiliki , Camargo Carlos A. , Papadopoulos Nikolaos G.
Published: March 2022

Introduction

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of bronchiolitis. RSV‐induced bronchiolitis has been associated with preschool wheeze and asthma in cohort studies where the comparison groups consist of healthy infants. However, recent studies identify rhinovirus (RV)–induced bronchiolitis as a potentially stronger risk factor for recurrent wheeze and asthma.

Aim

This systematic review and meta‐analysis aimed to compare the associations of RSV‐ and RV‐induced bronchiolitis with the development of preschool wheeze and childhood asthma.

Methods

We performed a systematic search of the published literature in five databases by using a MeSH term‐based algorithm. Cohort studies that enrolled infants with bronchiolitis were included. The primary outcomes were recurrent wheeze and asthma diagnosis. Wald risk ratios and odds ratios (ORs) were estimated, along with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Individual and summary ORs were visualized with forest plots.

Results

There were 38 studies included in the meta‐analysis. Meta‐analysis of eight studies that had data on the association between infant bronchiolitis and recurrent wheeze showed that the RV‐bronchiolitis group were more likely to develop recurrent wheeze than the RSV‐bronchiolitis group (OR 4.11; 95% CI 2.24–7.56). Similarly, meta‐analysis of the nine studies that had data on asthma development showed that the RV‐bronchiolitis group were more likely to develop asthma (OR 2.72; 95% CI 1.48–4.99).

Conclusion

This is the first meta‐analysis that directly compares between‐virus differences in the magnitude of virus‐recurrent wheeze and virus‐childhood asthma outcomes. RV‐induced bronchiolitis was more strongly associated with the risk of developing wheeze and childhood asthma.
Nursery City Innovation: ACELLFramework
Authors: Fan Di , Su Yiyi , Huang Xinli
Published: March 2022

How can innovative cities be cultivated and fertilized? Embracing and reframing insights from multidisciplinary academic discourse, we conceptualize three paired tensional dimensions, namely, the human‐society, the market‐government and the global–local tensions, to form a six‐I city innovation framework. Also termed a CELL framework, the six I‐related key elements are: human intelligence, societal incentives, government involvement, market inclination, global integration, and local interconnection. Taking a holistic view, the set of collective and interdependent institutional elements can serve to analyze the development of city innovation. The key assertion of the study is that a city's innovative ecosystem can be built up, and, more importantly, via configuring key institutional arrangements.
Managerial Practice and Diversity Climate: The Roles of Workplace Voice, Centralization, and Teamwork
Authors: Jiang Zhongnan , DeHart‐Davis Leisha , Borry Erin L.
Published: March 2022

Diversity climate—shared employee perceptions of the extent to which an organization is inclusive and fair—is of increasing interest to public administration scholars.While research has linked diversity climate to a range of employee and organizational outcomes,less is known about how common managerial practices affect diversity climate.This article addresses this gap by examining three such practices: workplace voice,centralized decision‐making,and teamwork.Each is theoretically expected to act upon both the inclusion and fairness dimensions of diversity climate.We test these expectations using regression analysis of departmental‐level data collected through surveys of four North Carolina public organizations.The results suggest that workplace voice and teamwork enhance diversity climate,while centralized decision‐making diminishes it in workplaces with mostly white employees.Practically speaking,the results imply that common management techniques that benefit public organizations also foster positive diversity climates.

Evidence for Practice

Employee perceptions of the extent to which an organization is fair and inclusive, known as diversity climate, have been linked to a range of important organizational outcomes.

Common managerial practices that produce organizational benefits also appear to strengthen diversity climate, specifically workplace voice, decentralized decision‐making, and teamwork.

Public managers wishing to improve diversity climate should consider giving employees meaningful voice in workplace decisions, pushing decisions downward, and fostering teamwork.
Constructed floating wetlands: a “safe‐to‐fail” study with multi‐sectorparticipation
Authors: Rottle Nancy , Bowles Mason , Andrews Leann , Engelke Jennifer
Published: March 2022

The Duwamish River Floating Wetlands project designed, built, and deployed constructed floating wetlands in the estuary of the urban Duwamish River in Seattle, Washington, during the 2019 and 2020 outmigration seasons for juvenile salmon. Using a “safe‐to‐fail” methodology and adaptive management strategies, these innovative floating wetland prototypes were custom designed to provide the native plants, invertebrates and slow water habitat that juvenile salmon require during their transition from fresh to salt water, and were monitored for these outcomes. This paper will provide insight into the prototype designs, adaptive management strategies and plant performance, and unique public‐private‐academic‐community partnerships that supported 2 years of design and research.
El Estado unitario en la doctrina constitucional chilena. Una concepción no controvertida
Authors: Valle Silva Javier
Published: March 2022

Este artículo busca dar cuenta de cómo la doctrina chilena contemporánea define al Estado unitario en tanto concepto constitucional. Además de presentar la lectura hegemónica se muestra que, tanto los defensores del Estado Unitario como quienes lo impugnan, reflexionan desde un mismo (y único) significado del principio. El artículo presenta la idea de que, al existir un fuerte consenso en torno a su contenido, la comunidad jurídica lo trata como un objeto completamente definido y agotado, perdiendo de vista su carácter abierto e interpretativo. Dicho consenso genera que se confunda una (posible) concepción del Estado unitario con su concepto.