bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IMPROVING THE DRIVE OF THE ROLLING MILL 2000 AT PJSC SEVERSTAL
Authors:   National Research and Engineering University ", GERASIMOVA ALLA ,   MISIS",   , Moscow, Russian Federation, VASILIEV MIKHAIL , NAGOVITSYN VLADIMIR
Published: May 2022

The purpose of the scientific work is to modernize the gear cage of the hot rolling mill 2000 at PJSC Severstal, which will increase the service life of the drive as a whole. The method of drive modernization consists in the modernization of the gear cage, namely, the replacement of the chevron engagement with an increased class of manufacturing accuracy and contact strength of gears, with the same dimensions of the foundations. As a result of the calculations performed, it was found: an increase in service life due to the material, the average service life of the chevron engagement made of steel grade 12KHN3A is 8.2 years, the possibility of reducing the width of the gear engagement. When calculating the contact strength, the calculated value was 872.9 MPa, which did not exceed the permissible 1209.6 MPa. The bending load capacity also showed an estimated value of 116.8 MPa, not exceeding the permissible 458.1 MPa. The designed gear engagement, where the module, the number of teeth and the width of the gear ring were changed, has fatigue endurance.
ABOUT SOME PROPERTIES OF QUASI-HADAMARD MATRICES DEFINING BIJECTIVE TRANSFORMATIONS
Authors:   Presidium of Russian Academy of Natural Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, NIKONOV VLADIMIR ,   Secure Information Technology Assistance Foundation, Moscow, Russian Federation, KONONOV SERGEY
Published: May 2022

The article continues studies of bijective mapping determined by quasi-hadamard matrices started in work. It is proved that for different quasi-hadamard martices there are different mappings. All quasi-hadamard matrices of orders 4 and 8 are also described.
Research On The Application Of Similarity Principle For Multistage Axial Compressor
Authors:   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Xie Hong , Yang Bo ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhang Shuyi ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Song Moru ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University, Zhu Guoming ,   Shanghai Jiaotong University
Published: May 2022

Low-speed model fabrication is an effective testing method for deep understanding flow characteristics with low cost and low risk, so it is extensively used in design and optimization of high speed and small scale compressors. Reynolds number, Euler number and Strouhal number are demanded to retain constant for exact similarity method. It is nearly impossible in practical application. In this paper, an improved similarity principle is proposed for high-to-low model scaling process based on the comprehensive considerations of geometrical and aerodynamic parameters. Three parameters, Sr (Strouhal number), CFE (correction friction Euler number) and DF (diffusion factor) are determined as the criterion parameters of similarity principle in scaling process. The relative errors of efficiency and pressure ratio at design point of prototype and low-speed model are about 2.4% and 2.1%, respectively. And, the deviation of flow coefficient near stall is about 1.6%. The similar aerodynamic performance and flow fields at design and off-design points are both achieved. Key words: similarity principle; Reynolds number; Euler number; diffusion factor
Influence Of Leading Edge Erosion On The Performance Of Transonic Fan Blade
Authors:   Civil Aviation University of China, Xue Bowei , Shi Lei ,   Civil Aviation University of China, Li Xiuxian ,   Civil Aviation University of China, Peng Hongbo ,   Civil Aviation University of China, Ma Long ,   Civil Aviation University of China, Jiang Qi ,   Xiamen Air
Published: May 2022

Over service time, the leading edge of the aero-engine fan blade will be eroded. This paper takes the fan blade of high bypass ratio engine as the research object to study the influence of the erosion on the aerodynamic performance. The erosion of the leading edge of the blade results in degradation to a blunt blade with roughness. In order to simplify the study, the roughness of leading edge is considered to be uniform. The aerodynamic performance and flow field changes of the original blade and the blunt blade with leading edge erosion of 250μm are compared and analysed. The result shows that the peak efficiency of the eroded blade decreases by 0.86% compared with the original blade. Under the influence of the blunt leading edge, the flow blockage is aggravated and the entropy at the blade tip increases. Besides, the tip shock moves forward, leading to the loss of total pressure and reduction of workability.
Reconciling Allergy Information in the Electronic Health Record After a Drug Challenge Using Natural Language Processing
Authors: Lo Ying-Chih , Varghese Sheril , Blackley Suzanne , Seger Diane L. , Blumenthal Kimberly G. , Goss Foster R. , Zhou Li
Published: May 2022

Background

Drug challenge tests serve to evaluate whether a patient is allergic to a medication. However, the allergy list in the electronic health record (EHR) is not consistently updated to reflect the results of the challenge, affecting clinicians' prescription decisions and contributing to inaccurate allergy labels, inappropriate drug-allergy alerts, and potentially ineffective, more toxic, and/or costly care. In this study, we used natural language processing (NLP) to automatically detect discrepancies between the EHR allergy list and drug challenge test results and to inform the clinical recommendations provided in a real-time allergy reconciliation module.

Methods

This study included patients who received drug challenge tests at the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Healthcare System between June 9, 2015 and January 5, 2022. At MGB, drug challenge tests are performed in allergy/immunology encounters with routine clinical documentation in notes and flowsheets. We developed a rule-based NLP tool to analyze and interpret the challenge test results. We compared these results against EHR allergy lists to detect potential discrepancies in allergy documentation and form a recommendation for reconciliation if a discrepancy was identified. To evaluate the capability of our tool in identifying discrepancies, we calculated the percentage of challenge test results that were not updated and the precision of the NLP algorithm for 200 randomly sampled encounters.

Results

Among 200 samples from 5,312 drug challenge tests, 59% challenged penicillin reactivity and 99% were negative. 42.0%, 61.5%, and 76.0% of the results were confirmed by flowsheets, NLP, or both, respectively. The precision of the NLP algorithm was 96.1%. Seven percent of patient allergy lists were not updated based on drug challenge test results. Flowsheets alone were used to identify 2.0% of these discrepancies, and NLP alone detected 5.0% of these discrepancies. Because challenge test results can be recorded in both flowsheets and clinical notes, the combined use of NLP and flowsheets can reliably detect 5.5% of discrepancies.

Conclusion

This NLP-based tool may be able to advance global delabeling efforts and the effectiveness of drug allergy assessments. In the real-time EHR environment, it can be used to examine patient allergy lists and identify drug allergy label discrepancies, mitigating patient risks.
Streamlining the Transition From Yeast Surface Display of Antibody Fragment Immune Libraries to the Production as IgG Format in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Fiebig David , Bogen Jan P. , Carrara Stefania C. , Deweid Lukas , Zielonka Stefan , Grzeschik Julius , Hock Björn , Kolmar Harald
Published: May 2022

Yeast-surface display (YSD) is commonly applied to screen Fab immune or naïve libraries for binders of predefined target molecules. However, reformatting of isolated variants represents a time-intensive bottleneck. Herein, we present a novel approach to facilitate a lean transition from antibody screening using YSD Fab libraries to the production of full-length IgG antibodies in Expi293-F cells. In this study, utilizing Golden Gate Cloning (GGC) and a bidirectional promoter system, an exemplary Fab-displaying YSD library was generated based on immunised transgene rats. After subsequent screening for antigen-specific antibody candidates by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS), the Fab-encoding genes were subcloned into a bidirectional mammalian expression vector, exhibiting CH2-CH3 encoding genes, in a GGC-mediated, PCR-free manner. This novel, straightforward and time-saving workflow allows the VH/VL pairing to be preserved. This study resulted in antibody variants exhibiting suitable biophysical properties and covered a broad VH diversity after two rounds of FACS screening, as revealed by NGS analysis. Ultimately, we demonstrate that the implication of such a gene transfer system streamlines antibody hit discovery efforts, allowing the faster characterisation of antibodies against a plethora of targets that may lead to new therapeutic agents.
m7G Methylation-Related Genes as Biomarkers for Predicting Overall Survival Outcomes for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Authors: Li Xin-Yu , Zhao Zhi-Jie , Wang Jing-Bing , Shao Yu-Hao , Hui-Liu  , You Jian-Xiong , Yang Xi-Tao
Published: May 2022

Aim: The search for prognostic biomarkers and the construction of a prognostic risk model for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on N7-methyladenosine (m7G) methylation regulators.

Methods: HCC transcriptomic data and clinical data were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, respectively. m7G methylation regulators were extracted, differential expression analysis was performed using the R software “limma” package, and one-way Cox regression analysis was used to screen for prognostic associations of m7G regulators. Using multi-factor Cox regression analysis, a prognostic risk model for HCC was constructed. Each patient’s risk score was calculated using the model, and patients were divided into high- and low-risk groups according to the median risk score. Cox regression analysis was used to verify the validity of the model in the prognostic assessment of HCC in conjunction with clinicopathological characteristics.

Results: The prognostic model was built using the seven genes, namely, CYFIP1, EIF4E2, EIF4G3, GEMIN5, NCBP2, NUDT10, and WDR4. The Kaplan–Meier survival analysis showed poorer 5-years overall survival in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group, and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve suggested good model prediction (area under the curve AUC = 0.775, 0.820, and 0.839 at 1, 3, and 5 years). The Cox regression analysis included model risk scores and clinicopathological characteristics, and the results showed that a high-risk score was the only independent risk factor for the prognosis of patients with HCC.

Conclusions: The developed bioinformatics-based prognostic risk model for HCC was found to have good predictive power.
Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction Ameliorates Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome With Insulin Resistance by Regulating Intestinal Microbiota
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Chen Rufeng , Zheng Dongxue , Xiong Feng , Jia Fan , Liu Jinyuan , Zhang Lili , Zhang Nana , Zhu Shiqin , Liu Yongmei , Zhao Linhua , Liu Xinmin
Published: May 2022

Objective

To analyze the characteristics of the intestinal microbiota of polycystic ovarian syndrome with insulin resistance (PCOS-IR) and explore the possible mechanism of modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction in the treatment of PCOS-IR.

Methods

A total of 17 specific pathogen-free (SPF) female Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, aged 21 days, were selected and randomly divided into the control group (group Z, n = 6), model group (group M, n = 6), and treatment group (group A, n = 5). Letrozole combined with a high-fat diet was used to induce the PCOS-IR model. Rats in group A were treated with modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction for 2 weeks after the end of modeling; then the characteristics of reproductive, metabolic, inflammatory, and intestinal microbiota were compared among three groups.

Results

The PCOS-IR model had an imbalance of intestinal microbiota, and the enriched microbiota was mainly class Coriobacteria, order Clostridiales, and genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction can regulate the disorder of intestinal microbiota diversity, significantly increase the abundance of phyla Verrucomicrobiota Proteobacteria and genera Akkermansia and Blautia, and decrease the abundance of genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1.

Conclusion

Genus Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 might be the pivotal pathogenic bacteria of PCOS-IR. Modified Banxia Xiexin Decoction may ameliorate PCOS-IR by regulating intestinal microbiota imbalance and improving metabolic disorders.
Diaryl Urea Derivative Molecule Inhibits Cariogenic Streptococcus mutans by Affecting Exopolysaccharide Synthesis, Stress Response, and Nitrogen Metabolism
Authors: Liao Ying , Zhang Mengyun , Lin Xingnan , Yan Fuhua
Published: May 2022

Different small molecules have been developed to target cariogenic bacteria Streptococcus mutans. Based on target-based designing and in silico screening, a novel diaryl urea derivative, 1,3-bis[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]urea (BPU), has previously been found effective in inhibiting the growth of S. mutans. However, the exact mechanism remains unclear. This current study aimed to explore the antimicrobial and antibiofilm effects of BPU on S. mutans and locate key enzymes and biological processes affected by the molecule via in silico molecular docking analysis and transcriptomic profile. Our in vitro results confirmed that BPU was capable of inhibiting planktonic growth as well as biofilm formation of S. mutans. The virtual binding analysis predicted that the molecule had strong binding potentials with vital enzymes (3AIC and 2ZID) involved in extracellular exopolysaccharide (EPS) synthesis. The predicted inhibitive binding was further confirmed by in vitro quantification of EPS, which found a decreased amount of EPS in the biofilms. The transcriptomic profile also found differential expression of genes involved in EPS synthesis. Moreover, the transcriptomic profile implied alterations in stress response and nitrogen metabolism in S. mutans treated with BPU. Examination of differentially expressed genes involved in these biological processes revealed that altered gene expression could contribute to impaired growth, biofilm formation, and competitiveness of S. mutans. In conclusion, the novel diaryl urea derivative BPU can inhibit the virulence of S. mutans by affecting different biological processes and serves as a potent anti-caries agent.
Creatine Kinase and Mortality in Peritoneal Dialysis
Authors: Wu Xianfeng , Zhou Lei , Zhan Xiaojiang , Wen Yueqiang , Wang Xiaoyang , Feng Xiaoran , Wang Niansong , Peng Fenfen , Wu Junnan
Published: May 2022

Background

The association between serum creatine kinase and mortality in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD) remained unknown.

Methods

We retrospectively collected data on 3,446 incident patients with from five PD centers in China between 1 January 2005 and 31 May 2020. Creatine kinase was collected 1 week before the start of PD. We examined the association between creatine kinase and mortality using Cox proportional hazards model.

Results

The median creatine kinase was 113 (range, 1.22–4,574) IU/L. With a median follow-up of 39.5 (range, 3.1–181.5) months, 763 (22.1%) all-cause deaths occurred, including 384 (11.1%) cardiovascular deaths. As compared with a creatine kinase of 111–179 IU/L (reference range), a higher creatine kinase (>179 IU/L) was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality [hazards ratio (HR), 1.72; 95% CI, 1.35–2.00; E-value = 2.83] and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.44; 95% CI, 1.05–1.98; E-value = 2.24). As compared with the reference range, a lower creatine kinase (<111 IU/L) was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.12–1.76; E-value = 2.15) and cardiovascular mortality (HR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.08–1.94; E-value = 2.26). Interaction between creatine kinase and no hyperlipidemia (p = 0.034 for interaction) was observed.

Conclusion

A creatine kinase before the start of PD between 111 and 179 IU/L was associated with a lower risk of death than a higher or lower creatine kinase, resulting in a U-shaped association curve.
Molecular Characterization of Irreversible Pulpitis: A Protocol Proposal and Preliminary Data
Authors: Fouad Ashraf F.
Published: May 2022

Introduction

An attempt to determine the association of a large array of inflammatory proteins in pulpitis with precise measurement of clinical signs and symptoms, and to correlate these findings with levels in peripheral blood has not been reported. Such an analysis could serve to identify key clinical findings and potential biomarkers to predict the prognosis of vital pulp therapy. The aim of this study was to undertake a preliminary, proof-of-concept study to correlate the levels of key inflammatory mediators in cariously exposed dental pulp of adults with reversible or irreversible pulpitis, and no apical periodontitis, with a panel of subjective and objective diagnostic clinical findings as well as the status of the pulp upon exposure. Pulpal and peripheral blood inflammatory mediators were also compared.

Methods

Dental pulp and peripheral blood were sampled. The Luminex technology was used to assess the expression of a panel of 45 inflammatory proteins to determine their association with clinical signs and symptoms of reversible or irreversible pulpitis.

Results

Data from three pulpal and three peripheral blood samples were used for the analysis. The correlation of levels of the 45 proteins in the inflamed dental pulp and peripheral blood was 0.87. The pulp had significantly higher levels of these proteins collectively than peripheral blood (t-test, p = 0.047). The following proteins had correlated at a level of ≥0.8 with the duration of pain with cold: MMP-12, MMP-9, RANTES, MIP-2, MCP-1, MMP-2, MMP-1, and P-Selectin. Relatively high correlations (0.5-0.75) were also present between these proteins and presenting pain level.

Conclusions

Several pulpal proteins correlated well with spontaneous and evoked pain parameters. Peripheral blood may not be necessary in future similar studies. Finally, additional data is needed to identify candidate proteins to be investigated as potential markers of truly irreversible pulp inflammation.
The Multiple Metamorphism of Mafic Granulites From the East Hebei Terrane, North China Craton: Insights Into the Transition of Tectonic Regimes
Authors: Liu Ting , Wei Chunjing , Yang Chuan , Li Zhuang
Published: May 2022

The East Hebei terrane from the North China Craton preserves the dome–and–keel structures, which was transected by a later linear belt in the north margin. Mafic granulites from the linear belt and domes record two groups of metamorphic ages at Neoarchean and Paleoproterozoic, but their accurate metamorphic peak conditions and paths have not been well addressed. Three samples of mafic granulites, including two-pyroxene granulite (JD15120), garnet-bearing two-pyroxene granulite (YC8-43), and garnet clinopyroxene granulite (JD1546), were documented for detailed metamorphic studies. Two-episode metamorphism can be recognized. The first-episode recovered from JD15120 and YC8-43 is represented by peak assemblage of medium-grained clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, and ilmenite, which yields ultrahigh temperature (UHT) conditions of 940–960°C at 7.5–8.5 kbar and 950–990°C at 8 kbar, respectively, constrained by contours of the maximum anorthite (XAn) in plagioclase cores. The post-peak evolution is dominated by cooling with decompression, constrained mostly from the measured core-to-rim decreasing XAn in plagioclase. By contrast, the second-episode overprinting is recognized in all samples, but exhibits varying textures. In garnet-bearing samples (YC8-43 and JD1546), the overprinting assemblages are characterized by poikilitic garnet that occurs either as coronae around the first-episode pyroxenes, forming “red-eye socket” textures, or as grains in equilibrium with tiny-grained clinopyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, rutile, and quartz, forming high-pressure (HP) granulite assemblages. These HP granulite assemblages show peak conditions of ∼12 kbar/860°C and ∼12.6 kbar/835°C, constrained by contours of the maximum grossular (XGrs) in garnet cores and the minimum XAn in plagioclase cores. The post-peak evolution is dominated by isothermal decompression, constrained from the outward decreasing XGrs in garnet and increasing XAn in plagioclase. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating on JD15120 and JD1546 suggests two metamorphic ages of ∼2.49 Ga and ∼1.78 Ga, being considered to be correlated with the UHT and HP granulite metamorphism, respectively. Tectonically, the late Neoarchean UHT granulite metamorphism may correlate a vertical sagduction regime, whereas the late Paleoproterozoic HP granulite metamorphism is favored to register the continental collision in the northern margin of the North China Craton. This study may have indications for the Neoarchean–Paleoproterozoic tectonic transition of the craton.
Collaborative Online Annotation: Pedagogy, Assessment and Platform Comparisons
Authors: Porter Gavin W.
Published: May 2022

Annotating a text while reading is commonplace and essentially as old as printed text itself. Collaborative online annotation platforms are enabling this process in new ways, turning reading from a solitary into a collective activity. The platforms provide a critical discussion forum for students and instructors that is directly content-linked, and can increase uptake of assigned reading. However, the student viewpoint regarding collaborative online annotation platforms remains largely unexplored, as do comparisons between annotation and traditional reading assessment methods, and comparisons between the two leading platforms (Hypothes.is vs. Perusall) for annotation by the same student population. The results in this study indicate that collaborative online annotation is largely preferred by students over a traditional reading assessment approach, that students regularly exceed annotation requirements indicated by an instructor, and that overall annotation quality increased as the students gained experience with the platforms. The data analysis in this study can serve as a practical exemplar for measurement of student annotation output, where baselines have yet to be established. These findings link the established research areas of peer learning, formative assessment, and asynchronous learning, with an emerging educational technology.
Identifying New Classes of High Temperature Superconductors With Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Quinn Margaret R. , McQueen Tyrel M.
Published: May 2022

Applying machine learning to aid the search for high temperature superconductors has recently been a topic of significant interest due to the broad applications of these materials but is challenging due to the lack of a quantitative microscopic model. Here we analyze over 33,000 entries from the Superconducting Materials Database, maintained by the National Institute for Materials Science of Japan, assigning crystal structures to each entry by correlation with Materials project and other structural databases. These augmented inputs are combined with material-specific properties, including critical temperature, to train convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to identify superconductors. Classification models achieve accuracy >95% and regression models trained to predict critical temperature achieve R2 >0.92 and mean absolute error ≈ 5.6 K. A crystal-graph representation whereby an undirected graph encodes atom sites (graph vertices) and their bonding relationships (graph edges), is used to represent materials’ periodic crystal structure to the CNNs. Trained networks are used to search though 130,000 crystal structures in the Materials Project for high temperature superconductor candidates and predict their critical temperature; several materials with model-predicted TC >30 K are proposed, including rediscovery of the recently explored infinite layer nickelates.
Identification of SF-1 and FOXL2 and Their Effect on Activating P450 Aromatase Transcription via Specific Binding to the Promoter Motifs in Sex Reversing Cheilinus undulatus
Authors: Ji Xinxin , Bu Shaoyang , Zhu Yi , Wang Yi , Wen Xin , Song Feibiao , Luo Jian
Published: May 2022

The giant wrasse Cheilinus undulatus is a protogynous socially hermaphroditic fish. However, the physiological basis of its sex reversal remains largely unknown. cyp19 is a key gender-related gene encoding P450 aromatase, which converts androgens to estrogens. cyp19 transcription regulation is currently unknown in socially sexually reversible fish. We identified NR5A1 by encoding SF-1, and FOXL2 from giant wrasse cDNA and cyp19a1a and cyp19a1b promoter regions were cloned from genomic DNA to determine the function of both genes in cyp19a1 regulation. Structural analysis showed that SF-1 contained a conserved DNA-binding domain (DBD) and a C-terminal ligand-binding domain (LBD). FOXL2 was comprised of an evolutionarily conserved Forkhead domain. In vitro transfection assays showed that SF-1 could upregulate cyp19a1 promoter activities, but FOXL2 could only enhance cyp19a1b promoter transcriptional activity in the HEK293T cell line. Furthermore, HEK293T and COS-7 cell lines showed that co-transfecting the two transcription factors significantly increased cyp19a1 promoter activity. The −120 to −112 bp (5′-CAAGGGCAC-3′) and −890 to −872 bp (5′-AGAGGAGAACAAGGGGAG-3′) regions of the cyp19a1a promoter were the core regulatory elements for SF-1 and FOXL2, respectively, to regulate cyp19a1b promoter transcriptional activity. Collectively, these results suggest that both FOXL2 and SF-1 are involved in giant wrasse sex reversal.
Flexible Sensorless Position Control of Switched Reluctance Motors considering Both Embrace Design and Magnetic Saturation
Authors: Cai Hui , Han Yanjie , Jiang Yujie , Luo Zhaoxu , Liao Jing Lin
Published: May 2022

Precise estimation of position is essential in the control of switched reluctance motors (SRMs). Traditionally, the intersection of the adjacent inductance can be utilized to estimate the rotor position, however, magnetic saturation brings about variations in the intersection position when the motor is operated at heavy load. To solve this problem, this paper develops a sensorless position estimation strategy considering magnetic saturation and the embrace design. Sensorless control approaches can be chosen interchangeably according to the characteristics of the intersection. Rotor position estimation is achieved by employing six typical inductance positions. No additional position sensor and other detection devices are required. Through simulation and experiment, the feasibility and validity of the proposed position estimation method are verified. The proposed sensorless method is verified for acceleration, constant operated state, and load mutation.
Economics of Crop Rotations With and Without Carinata for Sustainable Aviation Fuel Production in the SE United States
Authors: Karami Omid , Dwivedi Puneet , Lamb Marshall , Field John L.
Published: May 2022

In 2019, the aviation sector in the United States emitted 255 million metric tons of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, i.e., about five percent of the total domestic CO2 emissions from the energy sector. The sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) derived from carinata (Brassica carinata) could reduce CO2 emissions of the aviation sector in the United States. Therefore, it is important to estimate changes in farm economics with and without carinata for ascertaining its production feasibility. In this context, the current study first assesses a combination of 12 popular rotations of corn, cotton, peanut, and soybean with winter crops of winter wheat and carinata in South Georgia over 4 years. Then, the net present values (NPVs) of 292 feasible cropping systems over 4 years are calculated. Finally, this study develops a risk model for ascertaining the probability distributions of NPVs for selected cropping systems subject to uncertainties related to prices and yields of summer and winter crops. Carinata in the corn-corn-soybean rotation has the highest NPV ($2,996/ha). The least risky rotation is cotton-cotton-peanut, with a 58.9% probability of a positive NPV. Carinata can decrease the risk level of crop rotations by 8.1%, only if a contract price of $440.9/t is offered. Therefore, a risk averse, risk neutral, or risk acceptant farmer can potentially include carinata in the rotation. Overall, carinata would increase the profitability of farm operations and decrease risk in the SE United States, and therefore, a high likelihood exists, that farmers would adopt it for meeting the growing demand for SAF in the United States.
Power Balance Partition Control Based on Topology Characteristics of Multi-Source Energy Storage Nodes
Authors: Cheng Songqing , Teng Yun , Zuo Hao , Chen Zhe
Published: May 2022

Aiming at the power balance control of multi-source energy storage grid in the case of a high proportion of new energy grid connection. In this article, a power grid dynamic partition method based on the Markov energy field principle and a priori knowledge model is proposed. Combined with the coordinated dispatching of power grid source-load, a two-layer power balance partition control model based on the topological characteristics of multi-source energy storage nodes is established. First, in the upper-layer model, the energy homogenization method of multi-source energy storage nodes is studied, and the Markov energy field model of power grid node partition based on energy interaction constraints between nodes is established to partition the power grid initially. Combined with the prior model of node dynamic partition, the initial partition is dynamically optimized to realize the dynamic partition of the multi-source energy storage grid. Then, in the lower-layer model, the source-load coordinated dispatching model in the power grid partition area is established to realize the dynamic partition control of the power grid. Finally, based on the real operation data of a northeast power grid and IEEE39 node system, a dynamic partition power control simulation model of a multi-source energy storage power grid is established. The simulation results and analysis show that the dynamic partition power control strategy proposed in this article can effectively improve the regulation ability and economy of the power grid.
Remote Health Monitoring of Wind Turbines Employing Vibroacoustic Transducers and Autoencoders
Authors: Czyżewski Andrzej
Published: May 2022

Implementation of remote monitoring technology for real wind turbine structures designed to detect potential sources of failure is described. An innovative multi-axis contactless acoustic sensor measuring acoustic intensity as well as previously known accelerometers were used for this purpose. Signal processing methods were proposed, including feature extraction and data analysis. Two strategies were examined: Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients pruned with principal component analysis and autoencoder-based feature extraction. The scientific experiment resulted in data gathering and analysis to predict potential wind turbine mechanism failures.
Experimental Study on the Spray and Self-Excitation Oscillation Characteristics of Gas-Centered Coaxial Injectors
Authors: Liu Lu-Hao , Han Yi-Fan , Zhang Shao-Qing , Fu Qing-Fei
Published: May 2022

The present article studies the spray and self-oscillation characteristics of liquid sheets generated by a series of gas-centered coaxial injectors. An experimental system has been built to investigate the impacts of gaseous core size and recess length on the breakup and self-oscillation features. The results reveal that the gaseous flow shows an apparent impact on the liquid sheet breakup length with a small gaseous core size. The atomization morphology shows the different patterns under varied pressure drops, and the spray angle is increased with larger recess ratios. Besides, there is a low oscillation frequency at which the self-oscillation phenomenon is activated. The smaller gaseous core sizes and shorter recess lengths could promote self-oscillation. The required liquid flow rate for the self-oscillation phenomena could be raised by increasing the gaseous flow rate, while the self-oscillation frequency hardly varies with it.
Energy Transformation and Entropy Investigation in the Nanofluid Composed by γ-Nanomaterial Over a Permeable Convective Surface With Solar Thermal Radiation: A Numerical Analysis
Authors: Adnan  , Ashraf Waqas , Junaid Anjum Hafiz , Khan Ilyas , Mousa Mohamed , Mehrez Sadok
Published: May 2022

The modern world moves toward new inventions by using nanotechnology and solar thermal radiations. On Earth, the Sun is the leading source of solar energy having a wider range of applications. These can be found in solar power plates (SPP), photovoltaic cells (PVC), solar thermal aircraft, and photovoltaic lighting. Therefore, the study is organized to analyze and improve the energy efficiency in the nanofluid over a permeable convective surface. The used nanofluid is synthesized by γ-nanoparticles and water. A theoretical experiment is conducted and a constitutive relation for the momentum and energy modeled. The model was tackled numerically and obtained the results for the velocity and energy transformation under varying effects of the pertinent flow parameters. From the study, it is observed that energy efficiency of the surface could be improved in the presence of solar thermal radiations, viscous dissipation, and convective heat conduction.
Fate of Parasites and Viruses in Calcium Hydroxide-Treated Urine in Relation to Temperature and Moisture Content
Authors: Senecal Jenna , Nordin Annika Christina , Decrey Loïc , Kohn Tamar , Vinnerås Björn
Published: May 2022

Human urine can be used as fertilizer and technologies, such as alkaline-urine treatment, are being developed to enable easier re-use. There is, however, a risk of pathogens being present in the urine. This hygiene assessment examined inactivation of three model organisms, one parasite (Ascaris suum) and two viruses (coliphages MS2 and ΦX174), during 1) alkaline-urine treatment and 2) drying of the alkalized-urine (A. suum only). Fresh human urine was mixed with calcium hydroxide (10 g Ca(OH)2 L−1 urine) and divided into three fractions (Mixed liquor, Supernate, Precipitates). The factions were inoculated with the model organisms and then subjected to three treatments (Drying-storage, Stored and Thermal treatment) at temperatures between 20 and 50°C. For Ascaris, drying (moisture content (MC) 13–33%) the alkaline-urine proved effective in shortening the time required for a 3 log10 reduction in viable eggs at 20°C, but only Partially drying (MC 73–82%) the urine led to longer inactivation times compared with Wet (MC >90%) or Dry conditions. While virus inactivation took place during the initial addition of Ca(OH)2, the viruses that were embedded in feces survived longer compared to the free viruses. At pH 11.5, contact times of 1.5 and 90.7 min were required to achieve a 4 log10 decay of phages in solution and phages embedded in feces respectively. In areas prone to parasites, Thermal treatment (≥42°C) and/or Storage (111 days at 20°C or 79 days at 35°C) is recommended in order to meet the WHO and USEPA guidelines for unrestricted fertilizer use. Drying (MC 73–82%) can also be used in combination with thermal treatment and/or storage, to accelerate the process.
The Emerging Role of STING in Insect Innate Immune Responses and Pathogen Evasion Strategies
Authors: Liu Qiuning , Kausar Saima , Tang Yingyu , Huang Wuren , Tang Boping , Abbas Muhammad Nadeem , Dai Lishang
Published: May 2022

Emerging evidence reveals that the stimulator of the interferon genes (STING) signaling pathway in insects and other animal cells helps them to sense and effectively respond to infection caused by numerous types of microbial pathogens. Recent studies have shown that genomic material from microbial pathogens induces the STING signaling pathway for the production of immune factors to attenuate infection. In contrast, microbial pathogens are equipped with various factors that assist them in evading the STING signaling cascade. Here we discuss the STING signaling pathway different animal groups compared to human and then focus on its crucial biological roles and application in the microbial infection of insects. In addition, we examine the negative and positive modulators of the STING signaling cascade. Finally, we describe the microbial pathogen strategies to evade this signaling cascade for successful invasion.
How to Ask the Right Question and Find the Right Answer: Clinical Research for Transplant Nephrologists
Authors: Rodríguez-Ramírez Sonia , Kim S. Joseph
Published: May 2022

Clinical research is about asking and answering questions. Before solutions relevant to clinical problems can be sought, clinicians must frame questions in ways that are answerable using the methods of clinical research. Different types of questions are best answered using specific study designs. Each design has inherent strengths and limitations. In this review article, we provide an approach to asking answerable clinical research questions, review the major study designs, describe their strengths and weaknesses, and link the study designs to their intended purposes.
The Seasonality of Mesoscale Eddy Intensity in the Southeastern Tropical Indian Ocean
Authors: Zu Yongcan , Fang Yue , Sun Shuangwen , Yang Guang , Gao Libao , Duan Yongliang
Published: May 2022

The seasonality of mesoscale eddy intensity in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean (SETIO) is investigated using the latest eddy dataset and marine hydrological reanalysis data. The results show that the eddy intensity in an area to the southwest coast of the Java Island has prominent seasonality—eddies in this area are relatively weak during the first half of the year but tend to enhance in August and peak in October. Further analysis reveals that the strong eddies in October are actually developed from the ones mainly formed in July to September, and the barotropic instability and baroclinic instability are the key dynamics for eddy development, but each plays a different role at different development stages. The barotropic instability resulting from the horizontal shear of surface current plays an important role in the early stage of eddy development. However, in the late development stage, the baroclinic instability induced by the sloping pycnocline becomes the major energy contributor of eddy development.
Performance of SARS-CoV-2 Antigen-Detecting Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Omicron and Other Variants of Concern
Authors: Raïch-Regué Dàlia , Muñoz-Basagoiti Jordana , Perez-Zsolt Daniel , Noguera-Julian Marc , Pradenas Edwards , Riveira-Muñoz Eva , Giménez Neus , Carabaza Assumpta , Giménez Francesc , Saludes Verónica , Martró Elisa , Robert Neus , Blanco Ignacio , Paredes Roger , Ruiz Lidia , Ballana Ester , Clotet Bonaventura , Blanco Julià , Izquierdo-Useros Nuria
Published: May 2022

The SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detecting rapid diagnostic test (Ag-RDTs) is an easy-to-use diagnostic tool to identify the contagious individuals and reduce the new infections. However, to be effective, Ag-RDTs require the detection of distinct variants of concern (VOC) with high analytical sensitivity. Here, we found that the VOC diverge at the nucleocapsid protein used by four commercial Ag-RDTs for the viral detection. Relative to the original D614G variant, there was a 10-fold loss of detection for the Delta and Alpha variants in certain Ag-RDTs, a reduction above the threshold required to isolate the viable virus. However, Beta and Omicron variants did not lose the detection capacity. As the new VOC arise, successful contact tracing requires continuous monitoring of Ag-RDTs performance.
Genomic Comparison of Eight Closed Genomes of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated From Broiler Farms and Processing Plants in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: Maguire Meghan , Khan Anisa S. , Adesiyun Abiodun A. , Georges Karla , Gonzalez-Escalona Narjol
Published: May 2022

Salmonella enterica is an important foodborne pathogen worldwide. We used long and short-read sequencing to close genomes of eight multidrug-resistant (MDR) S. enterica strains, belonging to serovars Infantis (2), Albany, Oranienburg, I 4,[5],12:i:-, Javiana, Schwarzengrund, and Kentucky from broiler chicken farms and processing plants in Trinidad and Tobago. They also belonged to seven different sequence types (STs- 32, 292, 1510, 19, 24, 152, and 96). Among the strains, seven had demonstrated multi-drug resistance with the presence of at least three AMR genes, whereas three isolates contained the quinolone resistance gene qnrB19 in plasmids (CFSAN103840, CFSAN103854, and CFSAN103872). The extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes blaCTX−M−65 (CFSAN103796) and blaTEM−1 (CFSAN103852) were detected in this study. The genomes closed in this study will be useful for future source tracking and outbreak investigations in Trinidad and Tobago and worldwide.
Oseltamivir Treatment for Influenza During the Flu Season of 2018–2019: A Longitudinal Study
Authors: Li Xiao-Guang , Chen Jing , Wang Wei , Lin Fei , Li Lu , Liang Jing-Jin , Deng Zhong-Hua , Zhang Bi-Ying , Jia Ying , Su Yuan-Bo , Kang Yong-Feng , Du Juan , Liu Ya-Qiong , Xu Jie , Lu Qing-Bin
Published: May 2022

Background

Oseltamivir resistance in influenza virus (IFV) has been of widespread concern. An increase in the frequency of viruses with reduced inhibition was observed. Whether oseltamivir is effective is uncertain. We conducted this study to understand the real-world situation in northern China and the clinical efficacy for patients with IFV infection after the use of oseltamivir.

Methods

The longitudinal study was performed on influenza-like illness (ILI) cases in a tertiary general hospital in Beijing, China during the flu season of 2018–2019. All ILI cases (≥18 years) were recruited into the study. We analyzed the effect of the oseltamivir therapy on the number of clinic visits, hospitalization frequency, and the duration of fever and cough.

Results

A total of 689 ILI patients were recruited in this study with 355 in the oseltamivir therapy group and 334 in the supportive therapy group. Among the ILI patients, 388 patients were detected for IFV infection (364 IFV-A and 24 IFV-B) and divided into two groups with or without the oseltamivir therapy (302 vs. 86). There were no significant differences in the basic characteristics between the oseltamivir and supportive therapy groups in the ILI patients or in the IFV positive patients (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for the potential confounders, oseltamivir therapy reduced the times of clinic visits in the ILI and IFV positive patients (p = 0.043 and p = 0.011). No effectiveness with oseltamivir therapy was observed in the outcomes of hospitalization frequency, and the duration of fever and cough.

Conclusion

Oseltamivir use may reduce the times of clinic visits. However, we did not observe the differences in the duration of fever, cough, and the frequency of hospitalization between oseltamivir therapy and supportive therapy.
Alzheimer's Disease Analysis Algorithm Based on No-threshold Recurrence Plot Convolution Network
Authors: Li Xuemei , Zhou Tao , Qiu Shi
Published: May 2022

Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder characterized by progressive cognitive dysfunction and behavioral impairment that occurs in old. Early diagnosis and treatment of Alzheimer's disease is great significance. Electroencephalography (EEG) signals can be used to detect Alzheimer's disease due to its non-invasive advantage. To solve the problem of insufficient analysis by single-channel EEG signal, we analyze the relationship between multiple channels and build PLV framework. To solve the problem of insufficient representation of 1D signal, a threshold-free recursive plot convolution network was constructed to realize 2D representation. To solve the problem of insufficient EEG signal characterization, a fusion algorithm of clinical features and imaging features was proposed to detect Alzheimer's disease. Experimental results show that the algorithm has good performance and robustness.
Research Progress on the Role of Vitamin D in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Wang Jing , Huang Haoyu , Liu Chunming , Zhang Yangping , Wang Wenjuan , Zou Zhuo , Yang Lei , He Xuemei , Wu Jinting , Ma Jing , Liu Yun
Published: May 2022

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that can lead to severe social behavioral difficulties, which mainly manifests as social communication and interaction disorders; narrow interests; and repetitive, stereotyped behaviors. In recent years, the prevalence of ASD has increased annually, and it has evolved from a rare disease to one with a high incidence among childhood developmental disorders. The pathogenesis of ASD is considered to be the interaction of genetic and environmental factors. There is increasing evidence that vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy and early childhood can lead to the occurrence of ASD. Studies have demonstrated that vitamin D intervention can significantly improve the symptoms of ASD, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. Therefore, exploring the neuroprotective mechanism of vitamin D against ASD is a huge challenge currently being worked on by current basic and clinical researchers, a task which is of great significance for the clinical promotion and optimization of vitamin D in the treatment of ASD. To further clarify the relationship between vitamin D and ASD, this review summarizes the correlation between vitamin D level and ASD, the effects of vitamin D supplementation on ASD, the possible mechanism of vitamin D involved in ASD, and insights from ASD animal models.
ROS-Neuro: An Open-Source Platform for Neurorobotics
Authors: Tonin Luca , Beraldo Gloria , Tortora Stefano , Menegatti Emanuele
Published: May 2022

The growing interest in neurorobotics has led to a proliferation of heterogeneous neurophysiological-based applications controlling a variety of robotic devices. Although recent years have seen great advances in this technology, the integration between human neural interfaces and robotics is still limited, making evident the necessity of creating a standardized research framework bridging the gap between neuroscience and robotics. This perspective paper presents Robot Operating System (ROS)-Neuro, an open-source framework for neurorobotic applications based on ROS. ROS-Neuro aims to facilitate the software distribution, the repeatability of the experimental results, and support the birth of a new community focused on neuro-driven robotics. In addition, the exploitation of Robot Operating System (ROS) infrastructure guarantees stability, reliability, and robustness, which represent fundamental aspects to enhance the translational impact of this technology. We suggest that ROS-Neuro might be the future development platform for the flourishing of a new generation of neurorobots to promote the rehabilitation, the inclusion, and the independence of people with disabilities in their everyday life.