bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Enriched Diet with Arthrospira maxima Prevents Peritoneal Remodeling and Protein-Energy Wasting in a Uremic Peritoneal Dialysis Model
Authors: Florencio-Santiago Oscar Iván , Mundo-Franco Zayra , Londoño-Moreno Alejandro , González-Estrella Rosa Angélica , Cano-Europa Edgar , Rojas-Franco Placido , Franco-Colín Margarita
Published: January 2025

Peritoneal dialysis is a therapeutic strategy for patients with renal failure due to its cost-effectiveness and ease administration. However, exposure of the peritoneal membrane to dialysis fluids triggers a remodeling process that progressively reduces treatment efficacy. Renal failure-induced protein-energy wasting further complicates therapeutic outcomes, involving nutritional and metabolic disruptions. Arthrospira maxima is a high protein and energy functional food with anti-inflammatory properties that offers a promising intervention to address these complications. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of A. maxima on protein-energy wasting and peritoneal remodeling in a uremic peritoneal dialysis model. Male Wistar rats in uremic peritoneal dialysis were divided into four groups (n=5) and fed either a 20% A. maxima-enriched diet or a standard diet for five days. Following treatment, rats were euthanized, and blood, adipose tissue, peritoneum wash, and liver imprints were obtained. The A. maxima-enriched diet modulated the immune response in the peritoneal cavity by increasing macrophage populations and reducing the recruitment of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and basophils, alongside decreased activation of the hepatic mesentery. Additionally, the enriched diet mitigated changes in energy intake, body weight, and energy reserves, demonstrating its potential to alleviate peritoneal remodeling and protein-energy wasting.
Examining Recent Climate Changes in Ghana in the Context of Developing New Perspectives on Local Malaria Case Rates
Authors: Adade Ekuwa , Smith Steven , Russell Andrew
Published: January 2025

This study investigated recent climate changes in Ghana and the relationships between climate and malaria case rates. for 2008–2022. These were analysed at three spatial scales: national; regional; and ‘climate zone’ (i.e., coastal, savannah and forest zones that are roughly horizontal zones that move south to north across Ghana). Descriptive statistics and qualitative discussion were used to identify possible relationships between the climate variability and the malaria case rates. A correlation analysis was used to provide a quantitative framing for the discussion of the results. The climate analysis identified a general warming over the period with a mid-2010s maximum temperature peak in the forest and savannah zones, also associated with changes in the annual temperature cycle. Malaria case rates increased between 2008 and 2013, decreased sharply in 2014, and then decreased steadily from 2015 to 2022 for all spatial scales. The sharp decline was broadly coincident with a change in the temperature regime that would provide a less favourable environment for the malaria vectors. This was particularly so for an increase in maximum temperatures in the savannah and coastal climate zones in the key months for malaria transmission after 2014. The correlation analysis showed statistically significant (p<0.05) relationships between malaria case rates and mean and maximum temperatures at the national scale, and malaria case rates and mean, maximum and minimum temperatures for the coastal climate zone.
New Serious Safety Warnings of Targeted Anticancer Agents After Their Initial FDA Approval
Authors: Stefanovski Dimitar , Manevski Damjan , Ribnikar Domen , Šeruga Boštjan
Published: January 2025

Background: New safety concerns of the targeted anticancer agents (TAAs) often emerge in the first few years after their initial regulatory approval. Our aim was to determine whether new serious and potentially fatal adverse drug reactions (ADRs) continue to emerge in updated drug labels of TAAs several years after their initial regulatory approval and whether their emergence can be predicted. Methods: Updated drug labels of TAAs agents approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration before July 2013 were analyzed. Serious and potentially fatal ADRs were identified in the Warnings & Precautions (WPs) and Boxed Warnings (BWs) sections of updated drug labels. Generalized linear mixed models were used to examine associations between the number of adverse drug reactions and time, drug type (small molecules vs. monoclonal antibodies), and the availability of companion diagnostics for biomarkers. Results: Among 37 eligible TAAs, 25 (68%) were small molecules and 11 (30%) had available companion diagnostics for biomarkers. Time was a significant predictor of new WPs (p ˂ 0.001) and BWs (p = 0.008). Updated drug labels of small molecules received significantly more new WPs (p = 0.042) as compared to monoclonal antibodies. The availability of companion diagnostics for biomarkers did not have an impact on the emergence of new ADRs. Conclusions: New serious ADRs of TAAs continue to emerge in updated drug labels several years after their initial regulatory approval. Oncologists, regulators, and payers should be aware of changing risk-benefit ratios of approved TAAs.
Effect of Intra-vaginal Bio-stimulation with artificial penis and Clitorial Massage to Increase the Pregnancy Rate of Water Buffalo in the Coastal Region of Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Ashit Kumar , Fakruzzaman Md. , Alam Md. Ashadul , Deb Gautam Kumar , Khandoker MAM Yahia
Published: January 2025

The study aimed to determine the effect of intra-vaginal bio-stimulation with a modified penis-like device (mPLD) or artificial penis and clitorial massage subsequently artificial insemination (AI) to increase the pregnancy rate of water buffaloes. The study was conducted from July 2023 to June 2024 in the selected coastal region of Bangladesh. The AI was performed on 160 buffalo cows after observing their estrus sign. During AI, the buffalo cows were divided into four groups (group A: only AI was conducted; group B: intra-vaginal bio-stimulation with mPLD following AI; group C: massage of the clitoris after AI; group D: both mPLD and the clitorial massage was done following AI). Each group consisted of 40 animals. Age, parity, body weight, reproductive health status, history of previous calving difficulties, and estrus detection method were recorded. The overall pregnancy rate was found 41.3%. The pregnancy rate in groups A, B, C, and D were 32.5, 42.2, 37.5 and 52.5%, respectively. It is determined that both application of intra-vaginal bio-stimulation with mPLD and massage of the clitoris following AI (group D) showed a significant effect on pregnancy rate than the control group (group A). It is concluded that the application of mPLD in conjugation with massage of the clitoris enhances the pregnancy rate of buffalo cows.
Measuring Usefulness of Crash Fact Signs on Speeding Behavior: A Case Study from Sahrawi Highway
Authors: Alhomaidat Fadi
Published: January 2025

New technology that has the ability to reduce speed and hence improve safety has attracted researcher’s interest. To mitigate speeding behaviour on the Jordanian Sahrawi highway, a driving simulation study will be used to investigate potential countermeasures. Dynamic Warning Crash Fact Sign (DWCFS) will be proposed and its effectiveness will be examined on Sahrawi highway. To determine the effect of (DWCFS) on speeding behaviour, a driving simulator will be used to create a set of scenarios that allow changing driver speed behaviour. The scenarios are designed to simulate driving through a section of Sahrawi highway with high speed while interacting with (DWCFS), and create an environment that speed altering could happen. 60 participants will be asked to drive several experimental scenarios subdivided into four areas for data collection. The two experimental scenarios will include dynamic signs as follows: (1) ‘10 INJURIES OVER 2 YEARS SLOW DONWN SPEED KILLS’, and (2) ‘OVER 10 PEOPLE WERE KILLED LAST YEAR IN THIS ROAD’. The dynamic sign will be placed at different locations including the beginning of the residential area with an 80 km/h speed limit, and an uninterrupted section with 110 km/h. Comparison of the measures of effectiveness (speed, lane position, acceleration, deceleration, and gap) will be made to assess speed limit compliance and changes in driver behaviour. The DWCFS will expect to reduce the average speed, 85th percentage speed, and the percentage of vehicles exceeding the speed limit on Sahrawi highway.
Highly Sensitive Duplex Quantitative PCR Assay for Simultaneous Detection of Two Japanese Eel Viruses, AnHV and JEECV
Authors: Song Jun-Young , Kim Keun-Yong , Kim Ahran
Published: January 2025

The Japanese eel endothelial cell-infecting virus (JEECV) and Anguilla herpesvirus (AnHV) are major pathogens in farmed eels. JEECV causes eel viral endothelial cell necrosis (VECNE), while AnHV leads to symptoms such as head erythema and gill necrosis, respectively. Both viruses can result in severe mortality, either independently or in combination, necessitating rapid and early detection of their presence. In this study, we developed a highly efficient duplex quantitative PCR method (R² = 0.999) using TaqMan probes for the rapid and simultaneous detection of AnHV and JEECV. This new diagnostic method demonstrated a 1.7-fold higher detection rate for AnHV and a 2.5-fold higher detection rate for JEECV than those of conventional PCR. Quantitative analysis of water and eel tissue samples from aquaculture facilities revealed that viruses could be detected in water 1–3 months prior to mortality, enabling early identification of infections through water testing alone. Moreover, the method reliably detected low viral loads (<1 copy) in both water and tissue samples, facilitating preclinical detection and proactive disease management. This approach reduces the risk of mass mortality and economic losses in eel farming. These findings underscore the critical role of advanced molecular diagnostic technologies in enhancing health management in aquaculture.
Enhanced Production and Functional Characterization of Recombinant Equine Chorionic Gonadotropin (Rec-eCG) in Cho-DG44 Cells
Authors: Byambaragchaa Munkhzaya , Park Sei Hyen , Park Myung-Hum , Kang Myung-Hwa , Min Kwan-Sik
Published: January 2025

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG), a glycoprotein hormone comprising highly glycosylated α- and β-subunits, elicits follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)-like and luteinizing hormone (LH)-like responses in non-equid species. This study aimed to establish a mass production system for recombinant eCG (rec-eCG) using CHO DG44 cells. Single-chain rec-eCG β/α (rec-eCG β/α) was expressed in CHO DG44 cells. FSH- and LH-like activities were evaluated in CHO-K1 and HEK 293 cells expressing equine LH/CG receptor (eLH/CGR), rat LH/CGR (rLH/CGR), and rFSHR. pERK1/2 activation and β-arrestin 2 recruitment were assessed in PathHunter CHO-K1 cells. Expression from a single clone among nine isolates peaked at 364–470 IU/mL on days 9 and 11. The molecular weight of rec-eCG β/α ranged from 40–47 kDa, with two distinct bands. PNGase F treatment reduced the molecular weight by 8–10 kDa, indicating N-glycosylation. Rec-eCG β/α demonstrated dose-responsive cAMP activity in cells expressing eLH/CGR, with enhanced potency in rLH/CGR and rFSHR, despite lower Rmax values. Activation of phospho-ERK1/2 peaked at 5 min before rapidly declining. β-arrestin 2 recruitment was receptor-mediated in cells expressing hFSHR and hLH/CGR. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying eCG's FSH- and LH-like activities. Stable CHO DG44 cells can produce large quantities of rec-eCG. eCG activates pERK1/2 signaling via the PKA/cAMP pathway and facilitates β-arrestin 2 recruitment in cells expressing hFSHR and hLH/CGR.
Enhanced Numerical Solutions for Fractional PDEs Using Monte Carlo PINNs Coupled with Cuckoo Search Optimization
Authors: Ahmad Tauqeer , Sulaiman Muhammad , Bassir David , Alshammari Fahad Sameer , Laouini Ghaylen
Published: January 2025

In this study, we introduce an innovative approach for addressing fractional partial differential equations (fPDEs) by combining Monte Carlo-based Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) with the Cuckoo Search (CS) optimization algorithm, termed PINN-CS. There is a further enhancement in the application of quasi-Monte Carlo assessment that comes with high efficiency and computational solutions to estimates of fractional derivatives. By employing structured sampling nodes comparable to techniques used in finite-difference approaches on staggered or irregular grids, the proposed PINN-CS minimizes storage and computation costs while maintaining high precision in estimating solutions. This is supported by numerous numerical simulations to analyze various high-dimensional phenomena in various environments, comprising of two-dimensional space-fractional Poisson equations, two-dimensional time-space fractional diffusion equations and three-dimensional fractional Bloch-Torrey equations. The results demonstrate that PINN-CS achieves superior numerical accuracy and computational efficiency compared to traditional fPINN and Monte Carlo fPINN methods. Further, the extended use to problem areas with irregular geometries and difficult to define boundary conditions makes the method immensely practical. This research thus lays a foundation for more adaptive and accurate use of hybrid techniques in the development of the fractional differential equations, in computing science and engineering.
Endodontics at the Bio-Futuristic Frontier: Integrating High-Resolution Imaging, Regenerative Therapies, and Nanotechnology for Next-Generation Care
Authors: Alsuraifi Ali , Ayad Rania , R. Mohammed Noor Alhuda , I. Al-Essa Umalbaneen , Mohammed Zainab , Husam Yousef , Abdulhussein Mahdi Ali , Ezzat Dina , Ayad Abdullah
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Endodontics now stands at the forefront of a transformative era, where ultramodern imaging, regenerative methodologies, and nanotechnology-driven interventions reshape both clinical practice and patient outcomes. Advanced imaging modalities, such as Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT), deliver unprecedented diagnostic clarity, facilitating precise canal negotiation and reducing procedural complexity. Concurrently, bioactive sealing materials and regenerative therapies, including the strategic application of stem cells and growth factors, herald a shift toward biologically driven treatment paradigms. Yet, perhaps most revolutionary is the rise of nanotechnology, where nanoparticles and nanofibers transcend traditional material limitations to deliver enhanced antimicrobial properties, optimized drug delivery, and superior sealing capabilities. Types of studies: This narrative review synthesizes insights from an extensive range of investigations, encompassing systematic reviews, observational and experimental studies, randomized controlled trials, and in vitro experiments.Results: Current evidence underscores the synergistic impact of integrating state-of-the-art imaging, regenerative approaches, and nano-engineered materials. Nanoparticles embedded in sealers and scaffolds improve mechanical strength and antimicrobial efficacy, while nanoporous carriers enable targeted, sustained release of therapeutic agents. These combined strategies reinforce structural integrity, enhance tissue regeneration, and elevate long-term treatment outcomes. Conclusion: By harnessing the latest advances in imaging, regenerative sciences, and especially nanotechnology, endodontics is evolving into a more biologically attuned and patient-centric discipline, poised to realize unprecedented standards of precision, durability, and comfort.
Effects of Selective α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Stimulation in In Vitro Oligodendrocytes and Putative Implication in Neuroinflammation
Authors: Guerriero Claudia , Puliatti Giulia , Di Marino Tamara , Scanavino Giulia , Matera Carlo , Dallanoce Clelia , Tata Ada Maria
Published: January 2025

Background: Oligodendrocytes (OLs) are highly sensitive to oxygen-reactive species produced during neuro-inflammation. α7 nAChRs are expressed in glial cells where they can modulate several physiological and pathological functions. OL progenitors (OPCs) respond to cholinergic stimuli via muscarinic receptors that are mainly involved in the modulation of their proliferation. Differently, the role of nicotinic receptors, in particular α7 nAChRs, has been poorly investigated. In this study, we evaluated the expression of α7 nAChRs in a model of OPCs (Oli neu) and the potential effects mediated by their selective activation. Methods: The effects of α7 nAChRs stimulation on cell proliferation and survival were assessed by the MTT assay. RT-PCR and Western blot analysis were used to analyse the expression of α7 nAChRs and proliferative and differentiative markers (PCNA, MBP). The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of α7 nAChRs were analysed evaluating NFR2 expression and ROS levels through DCFDA staining while Oil Red O staining was used for lipid content analysis. Results: The α7 nAChR is expressed both in OPCs and OLs and its stimulation by the selective agonist ICH3 increases cell proliferation without modifying the OLs differentiation capability. Moreover, ICH3 showed anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects against LPS exposure. Conclusions: The results herein obtained confirm the role of α7 nAChR in the modulation of neuroinflammatory processes as well as their protective effects on OLs
Adaptive Cybersecurity: Dynamically Retrainable Firewalls for Real-Time Network Protection
Authors: Ahmadi Sina
Published: January 2025

The growing complexity of cyberattacks has necessitated the evolution of firewall technologies from static models to adaptive, machine learning-driven systems. This research introduces “Dynamically Retrainable Firewalls”, which respond to emerging threats in real-time. Unlike traditional firewalls that rely on static rules to inspect traffic, these advanced systems leverage machine learning algorithms to analyze network traffic patterns dynamically and identify threats. The study explores architectures such as microservices and distributed systems for real-time adaptability, data sources for model retraining, and dynamic threat identification through reinforcement and continual learning. It also discusses strategies to improve performance, reduce latency, optimize resource utilization, and address integration issues with present-day concepts such as Zero Trust and mixed environments. By critically assessing the literature, analyzing case studies, and elucidating areas of future research, this work suggests dynamically retrainable firewalls as a more robust form of network security. Additionally, it considers emerging trends such as advancements in AI and quantum computing, ethical issues, and other regulatory questions surrounding future AI systems. These findings provide valuable information on the future state of adaptive cyber security, focusing on the need for proactive and adaptive measures that counter cyber threats that continue to evolve.
Speed Optimization Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on TD3
Authors: Hu Zuolei , Zhang Yingjie , Li Ming , Liao Yuhua
Published: January 2025

Permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are widely used in industrial automation and electric vehicles due to their high efficiency and excellent dynamic performance. However, controlling PMSM presents challenges such as parameter variations and system nonlinearities. This paper proposes a twin delayed deep deterministic policy gradient (TD3) based energy-saving optimization control method for PMSM drive systems. The TD3 algorithm uses double networks, target policy smoothing regularization, and delayed actor network updates to improve training stability and accuracy. Simulation experiments under two operating conditions show that the TD3 algorithm outperforms traditional PI and linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) controllers in terms of reference trajectory tracking, q-axis current regulation, and speed tracking error minimization. The results demonstrate the TD3 algorithm's effectiveness in enhancing motor efficiency and system robustness, offering a novel approach to PMSM drive system control through deep reinforcement learning.
Accessory Mental Foramen in Dry Mandibles: An Observational Study Along with Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Thomaidi Zoi Maria , Tsatsarelis Charalambos , Papadopoulos Vasileios
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Mental Foramen (MF) constitutes a passage for mental nerve and vessels, and is a crucial anatomical landmark in the body of the mandible. The Accessory Mental Foramen (AMF) is a small, addable foramen proximate to MF, mainly located posteriorly. AMF is a rare anatomical variation in human mandibles which must be taken into consideration throughout dental and surgical operations. We aimed to assess the incidence and perform a morphological and morphometric analysis of AMFs in human dry mandibles of Greek population in addition to a relevant systematic review and meta-analysis of worldwide data. Methods: We studied 114 human adult dry mandibles of unknown gender and age available in the Laboratory of Anatomy, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, Greece. Moreover, we used the search term “accessory mental foramen” in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases to detect all publications reporting prevalence and morphology of AMF in dry mandibles. Quality assessment was performed with the relevant Johanna-Briggs Institute tool. Results: According to our data, the MF was present in all observed mandibles and it was bilateral. Nine AMFs (5 right/4 left; 5 round/4 oval; 6 posterior/3 anterior to MF), were found in 7 mandibles (5 single, 2 double), all unilateral. AMFs presented 0.96±0.43 mm mean diameter, 4.12±2.15 mm mean distance from MF, 12.68±4.10 mm from alveolar ridge, and 11.92±1.57 mm from mandible lower border. Furthermore, 27 publications were included in the meta-analysis; the combined AMF prevalence was 6.1% (95% CI: 4.8% - 7.6%; I2 60%), the combined mean vertical axis was 1.18 ± 0.61 mm, and the combined mean distance from MF was 3.64 ± 2.29 mm. Bilateral AMFs were detected in 2.1% of AMF cases. Oval shape was described in 37.3% of AMFs. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions: Dental surgeons must have a comprehensive understanding of the anatomical variations in the mental foramen (MF) and the potential presence of accessory mental foramina (AMFs). This knowledge is essential to prevent or mitigate the risk of postoperative complications such as pain, anesthesia, injury, and other adverse outcomes. By incorporating this anatomical insight into surgical and anesthetic planning, clinicians can enhance patient safety and procedural success.
Geochemical Study of Bitumen Residues on Potsherds from the Al-Qusur Monastry (7th–9th C. CE): Composition and Origin
Authors: Connan Jacques , Bonneric Julie , Perrogon Rémi , Engel Michael , Gley Renaud , Zumberge Alex , Schaeffer Philippe
Published: January 2025

The grochemical analysis of the 13 samples has shown the occurrence of bitumen in all smples.This bitumen has different origins: Kermanshah province and Khuzestn , Fars and Busher provinces in Iran
Cellular Senescence in Health, Disease, and Lens Aging
Authors: Qin Ying , Liu Haoxin , Wu Hongli
Published: January 2025

Background: Cellular senescence is a state of irreversible cell cycle arrest that serves as a critical regulator of tissue homeostasis, aging, and disease. While transient senes-cence contributes to development, wound healing, and tumor suppression, chronic senescence drives inflammation, tissue dysfunction, and age-related pathologies, in-cluding cataracts. Lens epithelial cells (LECs), essential for maintaining lens transpar-ency, are particularly vulnerable to oxidative stress-induced senescence, which accel-erates lens aging and cataract formation. This review examines the dual role of senes-cence in LEC function and its implications for age-related cataractogenesis, alongside emerging senotherapeutic interventions. Methods: This review synthesizes findings on the molecular mechanisms of senescence, focusing on oxidative stress, mitochon-drial dysfunction, and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). It ex-plores evidence linking LEC senescence to cataract formation, highlighting key studies on stress responses, DNA damage, and antioxidant defense. Recent advances in seno-therapeutics, including senolytics and senomorphics, are analyzed for their potential to mitigate LEC senescence and delay cataract progression. Conclusions: LEC senescence is driven by oxidative damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, and impaired redox home-ostasis. These factors activate senescence path-ways, including p53/p21 and p16/Rb, resulting in cell cycle arrest and SASP-mediated inflammation. The accumulation of senescent LECs re-duces regenerative capacity, disrupts lens homeostasis, and con-tributes to cataractogenesis. Emerging senotherapeutics, such as dasatinib, quercetin, and metformin, show promise in reducing senescent cell burden and modulating SASP to preserve lens transparency.
Investigating the Economic Implications of Microfinance Programs in Developing Nations
Authors: Roberts Olivia
Published: January 2025

This study investigates the economic implications of microfinance programs in developing nations, focusing on their role in promoting financial inclusion, economic empowerment, and community development. Through qualitative research methods, the study gathered insights from 27 participants, including microfinance borrowers, community stakeholders, and microfinance institution staff. The research aimed to explore the benefits and challenges associated with microfinance, with particular attention given to the socio-economic outcomes for borrowers. The findings revealed that microfinance programs significantly contributed to improving household incomes, fostering entrepreneurship, and enhancing financial autonomy, particularly for women. However, challenges such as high interest rates, over-indebtedness, and insufficient loan amounts were consistently cited as barriers to achieving sustainable economic outcomes. The study also highlighted the importance of financial literacy and training in maximizing the effectiveness of microfinance initiatives, as well as the need for tailored financial products to address the specific needs of different borrowers. Additionally, the research uncovered disparities in access to microfinance across urban and rural areas, with rural participants facing greater challenges in leveraging microfinance for economic development. The study concludes that while microfinance holds considerable potential for poverty alleviation and economic growth, its success is contingent upon addressing broader structural and institutional factors. Recommendations include integrating microfinance with complementary interventions, enhancing regulatory frameworks, and ensuring more inclusive and adaptable program designs to foster long-term economic resilience in developing nations.
Power Transformer Prognostics and Health Management Using Machine Learning: A Review and Future Directions
Authors: Zemouri Ryad
Published: January 2025

Power transformers (PT) play a vital role in the electrical power system. Assessing their health to predict their remaining useful life is essential to optimise maintenance. Scheduling the right maintenance for the right equipment at the right time is the ultimate goal of any power system utility. Optimal maintenance has a number of benefits. Human and social, by limiting sudden service interruptions, and economic, due to the direct and indirect costs of unscheduled downtime. PT now produces large amounts of easily accessible data due to the increasing use of IoT, sensors and connectivity between physical assets. As a result, Power Transformer Prognostics and Health Management (PT-PHM) methods are increasingly moving towards Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, with several hundred of scientific papers published on the topic of PT-PHM using AI techniques. On the other hand, the world of AI is undergoing a new evolution towards a third generation of AI models: Large scale foundation models. What is the current state of research in PT-PHM? What are the trends and challenges in AI and where do we need to go for power transformer prognostics and health management? This paper provides a comprehensive review of the state of the art in PT-PHM by analysing more than 200 papers, mostly published in scientific journals. Some elements to guide PT-PHM research are given at the end of the document.
The Least-Norm Solution to a Matrix Equation over the Dual Quaterion Algebra
Authors: Zhu Ling-Jie , Wang Qing-Wen , Kou Zu-Liang
Published: January 2025

In this paper, we explore the least-norm solution to the classical matrix equation AXB=C over the dual quaternion algebra. We begin by transforming the definition of the Frobenius norm for dual quaternion matrices into an equivalent form. Using this new expression, we investigate the least-norm solution to the equation AXB=C under solvability conditions. Additionally, we examine the minimum real part of norm solution in cases where a least-norm solution does not exist. Finally, we provide two numerical examples to illustrate the main findings of our study.
EpCAM Signaling in Oral Cancer Stem Cells: Implications for Metastasis, Tumorigenicity, and Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: Chang Chuan-Hsin , Tsai Chung-Che , Tsai Fu-Ming , Chu Tin Yi , Hsu Po-Chih , Kuo Chan-Yen
Published: January 2025

Oral cancer, a subtype of head and neck cancer, poses significant global health challenges owing to its late diagnosis and high metastatic potential. The epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a transmembrane glycoprotein, has emerged as a critical player in cancer biology, particularly in oral cancer stem cells (CSCs). This review highlights the multifaceted roles of EPCAM in regulating oral cancer metastasis, tumorigenicity, and resistance to therapy. EpCAM influences key pathways, including Wnt/β-catenin and EGFR, modulating CSC self-renewal, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and immune evasion. Moreover, EpCAM has been implicated in metabolic reprogramming, epigenetic regulation, and crosstalk with other signaling pathways. Advances in EpCAM-targeting strategies, such as monoclonal antibodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T/NK cell therapies, and aptamer-based systems hold promise for personalized cancer therapies. However, challenges remain in understanding the precise mechanism of EpCAM in CSC biology and its translation into clinical applications. This review highlights the need for further investigation into the role of EPCAM in oral CSCs and its potential as a therapeutic target to improve patient outcomes.
Volatility Modelling of the Johannesburg Stock Exchange All Share Index Using the Family GARCH Model
Authors: Maingo Israel , Ravele Thakhani , Sigauke Caston
Published: January 2025

In numerous domains of finance and economics, modelling and predicting stock market volatility is essential. Predicting stock market volatility is widely used in the management of portfolios, analysis of risk, and determination of option prices. This study is about volatility modelling of the daily Johannesburg Stock Exchange All Share Index (JSE ALSI) stock prices data between 01 January 2014 and 29 December 2023. The modelling process incorporated daily log returns derived from the JSE ALSI. The following volatility models were presented for the whole period: sGARCH(1,1) and fGARCH(1,1). The models for volatility were fitted using five unique error distribution assumptions, including the Student’s t, its skewed version, the generalised error and skewed generalised error distributions, and the generalised hyperbolic distribution. Based on information criteria such as Akaike, Bayesian, and Hannan-Quinn, the ARMA(0,0)-fGARCH(1,1) model with a skewed generalised error distribution emerged as the best fit. The chosen model revealed that the JSE ALSI prices are highly persistent with the leverage effect. JSE ALSI price volatility was notably influenced during the Covid-19 pandemic. The forecast over the next 10 days shows a rise in volatility. These results provide important insights for risk managers and investors navigating the South African equity market.
An Educational Software Tool for Critiquing and Supporting Software Design Courses
Authors: Fajinmi John , Oloyede Joseph
Published: January 2025

This paper introduces an innovative educational software tool designed to critique and support students in software design courses. The tool aims to provide constructive feedback on various aspects of software design, focusing on key principles such as functionality, usability, and architectural coherence. By automating the critique process, it offers students real-time insights into their design choices, fostering deeper learning and enhancing the quality of their work. The tool includes features such as error detection, design pattern identification, and suggestions for improvements, making it an invaluable resource for both students and instructors. Additionally, the tool promotes an interactive learning environment by encouraging iterative design, collaboration, and self-assessment. This approach not only strengthens students’ understanding of software design but also supports the development of critical thinking skills essential for the industry. Through this paper, we explore the design, implementation, and potential impact of the tool in improving educational outcomes in software design courses.
Challenges and Opportunities for New Frontiers and Technologies to Guarantee Food Production: A Broad Systematic Perspective
Authors: Silva José Cleydson F , Machado Kleiton Lima de Godoy , Silva Anna Flavia de Souza , Dias Raquel , Bodnar Victor Ricardo , Vieira Wallison Oliveira , Moreno-Pizani Maria Alejandra , Ramos Jenifer Dias , Santos Ellen Rodrigues dos , Pauli Ivani , Costa Lucas Cavalcante
Published: January 2025

The global food production sector faces unprecedented challenges due to rapid population growth and escalating climate change impacts, necessitating innovative strategies to ensure food security and promote sustainability. This comprehensive review explores cutting-edge solutions across multiple domains of agriculture and food technology. We examine emerging agricultural frontiers, including urban farming technologies that leverage vertical farming, hydroponics, and smart sensors to maximize productivity in limited spaces. The review also delves into agroforestry and regenerative agriculture practices that enhance soil health and biodiversity while sequestering carbon. We investigate advancements in food production in extreme environments, such as desert agriculture and deep space food technologies, which push the boundaries of cultivation in resource-scarce conditions. The transformative potential of biotechnology is highlighted through discussions on plant engineering, synthetic biology, and nanotechnology for enhanced crop yields and nutritional content. Additionally, we explore the role of artificial intelligence in optimizing agricultural management, from precision farming to predictive analytics for crop health. Water management innovations are examined as critical components of food security, especially in water-stressed regions. The review also emphasizes the importance of bioproducts and eco-friendly technological innovations that support sustainable food systems. Furthermore, we discuss the crucial role of public policy, food regulation, and participatory community approaches in ensuring equitable food distribution and adoption of new technologies. By providing a multidisciplinary perspective, this review aims to catalyze further research that integrates emerging technologies with sustainable management practices. Our goal is to inspire the development of a resilient global food system capable of meeting the nutritional needs of current and future generations while preserving environmental integrity.
The Fossil, the Green and the in-Between: Life Cycle Assessment of Manufacturing Composites with Varying Bio-Based Content
Authors: Kirschnick Ulrike , Ravindran Bharath , Sieberer Manfred , Fauster Ewald , Feuchter Michael
Published: January 2025

Bio-based composites offer potential environmental benefits over fossil-based materials, but limited research exists on manufacturing processes with varying material combinations. This study performs a cradle-to-grave Life Cycle Assessment of five composite types to evaluate the role of fully and partially bio-based composites, focusing on the manufacturing stage. The composite materials include glass or flax fiber-based reinforcements embedded in polymer matrices based on a fossil epoxy, a partially bio-based epoxy or epoxidized linseed oil, fabricated using vacuum-assisted resin infusion. Flax fibers in a partially bio-based epoxy achieve lowest environmental impacts in most categories when assessed at equal geometry. Glass fiber composites exhibit higher fiber volume content and material properties, and thus, demonstrate competitive environmental performance at equal absolute and normalized tensile strength. Composites using epoxidized linseed oil are least advantageous with the manufacturing stage contributing a majority of environmental impacts due to comparatively long curing times. These results are based on methodological choices and technical constraints, which are discussed together with benchmarking against previous studies. While partially bio-based materials can provide a middle-ground for enhancing composite environmental performance, further optimization of bio-based material functionality regarding material properties and processability is pivotal to exploit the full potential of bio-based composites.
Techno-Economic Feasibility Study of Micro-Hydropower Potential of River Rutui as part of Rural Electrification in Kenya
Authors: Limo John Edward , Seshagiri Sridhar
Published: January 2025

Hydropower plays a crucial role towards the transition to renewable and sustainable energy. In Kenya, this transition is spearheaded by the adoption of hydro energy for electricity generation purposes. This study proposes the use of micro hydro plants toward the rural electrification of river Rutui region. In particular, it proposes performing the feasibility study for the establishment of a micro hydro power plant on the river Rutui, as part of the rural electrification of Kenya. We describe the overall layout of the proposed plant including technical and economic aspects, that include use the flow duration curve based on the rainfall and flow data, turbine type selection, economic analysis detailing the capital cost, engineering cost, and project maintenance cost, annual energy output and revenue estimations using the maximum potential power and average energy yield of the analyzed system (kWh/year). We also carry out some sensitivity analysis. The results show the viability/promise of hydropower generation in the region.
Prescription Audit in Outpatient Pharmacy of a Tertiary Care Referral Hospital in Haryana Using Who/ Inrud Core Prescribing Indicators: A Step Towards Refining Drug Use and Patient Care
Authors: Verma Nikhil , Vinayagam Shanmugapriya , Mittal Niti , Mittal Rakesh , Bansal Neeraj
Published: January 2025

Background: Evaluation of internationally comparable indicators of medicines use is important to devise strategies to promote rational use of medicines (RUM). Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital from January to June 2024. Prescriptions were collected from the outpatient pharmacy using systematic random sampling and analysed for WHO/INRUD core prescribing indicators, index of rational drug prescribing (IRDP) and completeness (general, treatment and prescribers’ details). Results: Out of 844 prescriptions collected, 607 were analysed. A total of 1837 drugs were prescribed with a mean (SD) of 3.03 (1.51) drugs per prescription. 1378 (75%) drugs were prescribed as generic names. 125 prescriptions (20.59%) had an antibiotic prescribed. Injectables were given in 7 (1.15%) prescriptions. Of the total 1837 drugs, 1018 (55.4%) were mentioned in National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) 2022 while 934 (50.8%) were included in Haryana state essential medicines list (2013-2014). IRDP) was calculated as 3.86. The mean (SD) completeness score of the prescriptions was 10.33 (0.8) (range 5 to 11). Conclusion: There was a high incidence of polypharmacy, brand name and non-essential drug prescribing while antibiotic and injection use were in accordance with WHO standards.
Plant Biostimulant Based on Biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana Treated with SL-6 Strigolactone Mimic
Authors: Popa Daria Gabriela , Tritean Naomi , Georgescu Florentina , Lupu Carmen , Shaposhnikov Sergey , Constantinescu-Aruxandei Diana , Oancea Florin
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to evaluate the impact on Chlorella sorokiniana NIVA-CHL 176 growth and the plant biostimulant functions of the microalgal extract of the strigolactone mimic SL-6, in com-parison with the strigolactone analog GR24. Three molar SL-6 concentrations were tested: 10-7 M, 10-8 M, and 10-9 M, respectively. Five parameters of the microalgal growth were assessed: optical density, turbidity, biomass production, chlorophyll fluorescence, and pigment concentration. Results after 15 days of culturing revealed that the SL-6 treatments significantly enhanced bio-mass production, chlorophyll synthesis, and photosystem II activity. Treatment with SL-6 c3 (10-9 M) exhibited significant increases in chlorophyll a (27.55%), chlorophyll b (24.81%), carotenoids (12.31%), and total pigments (24.00%) compared to the solvent control (DMSO). Experimental treatment SL-6 c2 (10-8 M) followed next and recorded notable enhancements in chlorophyll a (25.80%), carotenoids (9.77%), and total pigments (20.08%). Conversely, higher doses of GR24 and SL-6 (10-7 M) inhibited the microalgal growth, reducing cell density, biomass production, and pigment synthesis. The microalgal extracts acted as a plant biostimulant stimulating root and shoot elongation and proton pump functioning in the presence and absence of salt stress. The extracts from SL-6 bio-stimulated C. sorokiniana NIVA-CHL 176 are more active as plant biostimulants.
Evidence-Based Approach to Cerebral Vasospasm and Delayed Cerebral Ischemia: Milrinone as a Therapeutic Option. A Literature Review and Algorithm Treatment Proposition
Authors: Batarda Sena Pedro Manuel , Gonçalves Marta , Maia Bruno , Fernandes Margarida , Bento Luis
Published: January 2025

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH) is a severe neurocritical condition often complicated by cerebral vasospasm (CVS), leading to delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and significant morbidity and mortality. Despite advancements in management, therapeutic options with robust evidence remain limited. Milrinone, a phosphodiesterase type 3 (PDE3) inhibitor, has emerged as a potential therapeutic option. Intravenous milrinone demonstrated clinical and angiographic improvement in 67% of patients, reducing the need for mechanical angioplasty and the risk of functional disability at 6 months (mRS ≤ 2). Side effects, including hypotension, tachycardia, and electrolyte disturbances, were observed in 33% of patients, occasionally leading to early drug discontinuation. Based on the evidence, we propose a treatment algorithm for using milrinone to optimize outcomes and standardize its application in neurocritical care settings.
Applications of Renewable Energies in Low-Temperature Regions: A Scientometric Analysis of Recent Advancements and Future Research Directions
Authors: Rodríguez-Aburto César , Poma-García José , Montaño-Pisfil Jorge , Morcillo-Valdivia Pablo , Solís-Farfán Roberto , Curay-Tribeño José , Pilco-Nuñez Alex , Flores-Salinas José , Tineo-Cordova Freddy , Virú-Vasquez Paul , Bravo-Toledo Luigi
Published: January 2025

This study presents a scientometric analysis of renewable energy applications in low-temperature regions, focusing on green hydrogen production, carbon storage, and future trends. The research covers three distinct periods from 1988 to 2024, using bibliometric tools such as R-Studio and VOSviewer to evaluate scientific publications and keyword co-occurrence. The study highlights an exponential growth in renewable energy research post-2021, driven by global initiatives to achieve carbon neutrality. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) plays a crucial role in identifying the environmental impacts of energy systems, emphasizing the need to integrate renewable energy sources to reduce carbon emissions. The analysis reveals that hydrogen production via electrolysis has emerged as a key topic in reducing carbon footprints, particularly in hard-to-abate sectors. Carbon storage technologies, including bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (BECCS), have gained traction as essential components of future energy systems. The results indicate a growing interest in optimizing renewable energy systems for low-temperature environments, with significant progress in solar, wind, and hydrogen technologies. The study underscores the importance of local and regional adaptations, integrating energy storage solutions, and diversifying energy matrices to enhance energy security. Future trends suggest a focus on multi-objective optimization using deep learning and AI to improve energy system performance. The findings contribute to understanding the global research landscape on renewable energy applications in cold regions, offering valuable insights into sustainable solutions for extreme climates.
Uncaria gambir Roxb Flavonoid Extraction, Antibacterial Assessment Against Escherichia coli, and Bio-Nanoparticle Preparation
Authors: Suparno Suparno , Ariswan Ariswan , Kuswanto Heru , Dwandaru Wipsar Sunu Brams , Ayu Lestari Eka Setia , Deby Grace
Published: January 2025

Background: One of medicinal plants which has long been utilized by the Dayak tribes, indigenous to the Indonesian island of Borneo as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea, open wounds, and cancer is Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria gambier Roxb.). This inspired our scientific exploration into the extraction of flavonoids from Uncaria gambier Roxb. (UGR) as a potential antibacterial agent against Escherichia coli ATCC 11229 (E. coli). Method: The concentration of flavonoid was determined using the aluminum chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric assay and visible spectrophotometry and found to be (31.55 ±0.29) mg QE/g, which was much higher than that of 30 Indonesian, 21 Indian, and 93 Chinese medicinal plants. The antibacterial activities of flavonoid at three different concentrations (10 ppm, 20 ppm, and 30 ppm) were assessed using the Kirby-Bauer method. Both their efficacy and development of resistance were compared to chloramphenicol as positive control. Results: Comparison at the same concentration (5%) showed that flavonoid produced efficacy 134.9 times than that of chloramphenicol. E. coli showed relatively weak resistance development to chloramphenicol after 39 hours. However, it did not show any resistance to flavonoid up to the last measurement at 75 hours. In addition, the success of synthesis flavonoid bio-nanoparticles opens the opportunity to combine chemical and physical antibacterial agents in a single product to combat stronger and more resistant bacteria. Conclusion: The findings underline medicinal plant UGR as a promising source of flavonoid which was proven to have very high efficacy against Escherichia coli and to have power to prevent bacterial resistance.