bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testimonio as a methodology in the study of sexual and intimate partner violence
Authors: Barrios Veronica R. , Bermea Autumn , Luthy Ellison , Xu Fan
Published: March 2024

Sexual and intimate partner violence (SIV) continues to be a public health crisis, particularly among girls and women. Traditional and critical qualitative methodologies are often used to study SIV. This paper offers another methodology not traditionally used in family science, testimonio, as a critical, qualitative option. Testimonio is a methodology rooted in Indigenous, Latinx, and Chicano/a feminista studies, deployed in various fields, that centers the stories of marginalized members of society as they are rooted in systemic inequalities, including racism, (cis)sexism, and heteronormativity. A scoping review of the use of testimonio in family science and violence research was conducted and yielded minimal research. Given the dearth of research found through the review, recommendations for using testimonio in family science SIV research are offered along with examples from the authors' research.
EDITOR SPOTLIGHT: Interview with Cholinergic Mechanisms Special Issue Guest Editor Hermona Soreq
Authors:   JNC Editorial Office, Kwan Kim H. , Soreq Hermona
Published: March 2024

Hermona Soreq holds a Hebrew University Slesinger Chair in Molecular Neuroscience and is among the founding members of the Edmond and Lily Safra Center of Brain Sciences (ELSC). Soreq's research (H‐impact: 98) focuses on acetylcholine (ACh)‐related pathways and combines RNA‐sequencing technologies, transgenic engineering, and molecular biology tests with in‐depth analysis approaches. Her work addresses microRNAs (miRs) and transfer RNA fragments (tRFs) which have rapidly acquired wide recognition as global controllers of regulatory processes in healthy and diseased brain and body, including anxiety, inflammation, and cognition. Altogether, Soreq's work leads to molecular neuroscience‐driven prevention and/or intervention with diseases involving impaired ACh signaling, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and stress. Hermona led this Special Issue based on the 17th Symposium on Cholinergic Mechanisms (ISCM2022). We interviewed her on the progress in the field, what she wants to achieve as Senior Editor for the Gene Regulation and Genetics category at the Journal of Neurochemistry, key moments, and future directions.
“The Fate of England Rested With a 22 Year Old Boy” ‐ Media Representations of the Youth and Childhood of King Alfred the Great
Authors: Mussies Martine
Published: March 2024

Alfred the Great, the ninth‐century King of Wessex, has been a popular subject of media representations, including scenes focused on his childhood. These representations, from paintings to contemporary Netflix series and fanfiction, have created an imagined past for Alfred that has contributed to his legendary status. This article seeks to explore the media representations of Alfred as a child, and the stories, themes, and messages conveyed in different mediums, with a special focus on 21st century online fan cultures.
The AI of the Beholder: Intra‐Professional Sensemaking of an Epistemic Technology
Authors: Scarbrough Harry , Chen Yaru , Patriotta Gerardo
Published: March 2024

New technologies are equivocal, triggering sensemaking responses from the individuals who encounter them. As an ‘epistemic technology’ AI poses new challenges to the expertise and jurisdictions of professionals. Such challenges may be interpreted quite differently, however, depending on the specialized role identities which develop within the wider professional domain. We explore the sensemaking responses of these intra‐professional groupings to the challenges posed by AI through an empirical study of professionals playing different roles (front‐line, hybrid and field‐level) in the field of radiology within NHS England. We found that these intra‐professional groupings sought to make sense of AI through a triadic view focused on the interplay of professional, client and technology. This sensemaking, arising from different jurisdictional contexts, led individual professionals to perceive that their agency was diminished, complemented or enhanced as a result of the introduction of AI. Our findings contribute to the literature on professions and AI by showing how intra‐professional differences affect sensemaking responses to AI as a jurisdictional contestant.
Influence of oral motor tasks on postural muscle activity during dynamic reactive balance
Authors: Hellmann Daniel , Fadillioglu Cagla , Kanus Lisa , Möhler Felix , Schindler Hans J. , Schmitter Marc , Stein Thorsten , Ringhof Steffen
Published: March 2024

Background

Jaw clenching improves dynamic reactive balance on an oscillating platform during forward acceleration and is associated with decreased mean sway speed of different body regions.

Objective

It is suggested that jaw clenching as a concurrent muscle activity facilitates human motor excitability, increasing the neural drive to distal muscles. The underlying mechanism behind this phenomenon was studied based on leg and trunk muscle activity (iEMG) and co‐contraction ratio (CCR).

Methods

Forty‐eight physically active and healthy adults were assigned to three groups, performing three oral motor tasks (jaw clenching, tongue pressing against the palate or habitual lower jaw position) during a dynamic one‐legged stance reactive balance task on an oscillating platform. The iEMG and CCR of posture‐relevant muscles and muscle pairs were analysed during platform forward acceleration.

Results

Tongue pressing caused an adjustment of co‐contraction patterns of distal muscle groups based on changes in biomechanical coupling between the head and trunk during static balancing at the beginning of the experiment. Neither iEMG nor CCR measurement helped detect a general neuromuscular effect of jaw clenching on the dynamic reactive balance.

Conclusion

The findings might indicate the existence of robust fixed patterns of rapid postural responses during the important initial phases of balance recovery.
Ill‐fitting prosthesis is associated with an increased risk of elevated blood pressures
Authors: Liu Yang , Lei Fang , Yao Dongai , Zhang Xingyuan , Huang Xuewei , Cai Jingjing , Deng Ke‐Qiong , Cheng Bo
Published: March 2024

Objective

Previous studies focused on the benefits of adequate prosthodontic treatment, while few studies have investigated the prosthodontic‐related risks to health. As a modifiable oral health indicator, the association of ill‐fitting prosthesis (IFP) with hypertension has not been fully explored.

Methods

This cross‐sectional study involved 158,659 adults in Beijing (2009–2017) receiving intra‐oral examinations and blood pressure measurements. Logistic regression models were applied to assess the association of IFP with the prevalence of hypertension, systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≧ 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≧ 90 mmHg, as well as subgroup analyses by different fixed IFP subgroups (according to involved teeth number) and removable IFP subgroup. We further investigated effect modifications among stratified populations.

Results

158,659 individuals were included for analysis, 346 (26.86%) in IFP group and 27,380 (17.40%) in non‐IFP group (p < 0.001) were hypertensive. After adjustment of sex, age, obesity, dyslipidaemia, diabetes, hsCRP, family history of CVD, self‐reported smoking, self‐reported drinking and WC, ORs of hypertension, SBP ≧ 140 mmHg and DBP ≧ 90 mmHg were 1.330 (95% CI: 1.162–1.522), 1.277 (95% CI: 1.098–1.486) and 1.376 (95% CI: 1.186–1.596), respectively (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after full adjustment, the number of involved teeth showed a significant incremental trend with hypertension risk in the population with and without IFP (p for trend <0.001). The IFP–blood pressure associations were more pronounced in females, 18–60 years, non‐obese and diabetic participants.

Conclusion

As a modifiable oral indicator, IFP was significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension.
Virulence profiling of emerging Indian strains of Burkholderia glumae causing panicle blight of rice
Authors: Sreenayana Bhaskaran , Mondal Kalyan Kumar , Kumar Sanjeev , Mathiyalagan Nivetha , Reddy Mrutyunjaya Shrinivas , Nagaranai Shanmugam Kalaivanan , M Amrutha Lakshmi , Echalukoppa Ratnakara Rashmi , Mani Chander
Published: March 2024

Bacterial panicle blight (BPB), incited by Burkholderia glumae, has impacted rice production globally. Despite its significance, little is known about the disease and the virulence pattern of the causal agent. BPB is a major challenge in the rice‐growing belts of North‐western India. We have characterized the 21 BG strains using the 16S rRNA and the gyrB gene‐based sequence approach in the present study. The gyrB gene‐based phylogenetic analysis resulted in geographic region‐specific clustering of the BG isolates into three clades. The BG isolates from Delhi‐National Capital Region (Delhi NCR) (Clade 1) and Uttar Pradesh (UP) (Clade 2) were separated into two clades and the BG isolates from Uttarakhand and Haryana clustered together in a single clade (Clade 3). Likewise, we sequenced the eight major virulence‐associated genes viz., toxA, toxB, lipA, lipB, pehA, pehB, flhC and flhD present across the genome of B. glumae and identified their interacting proteins through STRING analysis. Furthermore, virulence screening of 21 BG strains revealed the variation in the percentage of grains infected and the yield of rice plants. The most virulent BG1 strain resulted in the highest disease incidence (82.11%) and lowest yield (11.12 g/plant) and BG10 came out as the least virulent strain. Besides, the inoculation at three stages of the plant revealed that the booting stage of rice is the most susceptible stage which resulted in maximum disease percentage and less yield. Overall, our study gives information about virulence‐associated gene characterization and variation in the virulence nature of Indian BG strains.
Effect of modifying pumpkin preparation on oral processing of breads
Authors: Li Wenjiao , Zhao Qi , Mao Qian
Published: March 2024

There is an increasing demand for texture sensations of bread during mastication, with reformulation being needed. This study investigated how bread structure influences oral processing behavior and texture perception. Variations in bread structure were created by manipulating ingredient additions, including pumpkin content and pumpkin processing methods. Results indicated that the physical, chemical, and structural properties drove the oral processing behaviors, and texture sensations were highly correlated with bolus properties. At the beginning and middle of the mastication, bolus from breads with low pumpkin‐content required more saliva and exhibited greater hardness, lower adhesiveness, and a higher proportion of small‐piece particles than the bolus from high pumpkin‐content breads. Bolus from pumpkin pulp breads required more saliva, and was softer, stickier, and generated particles with a lower degree of degradation than the bolus from pumpkin puree breads. However, at the end period, the bolus properties tended to change to similar values. Low pumpkin content breads were initially perceived chewy, whereas high pumpkin content, soft. The dominance rate for soft sensation was higher and lasted longer in breads with pumpkin puree than in breads with pumpkin pulp. Finally, six bread samples were all perceived as hydrated, sticky, and crumbly. This study contributes to a better understanding of the impact of reformulation on oral behavior and sensory properties.
Analytical rheology as a tool for the structural investigation of citrus pectin
Authors: Asimakopoulou Evdoxia , Goudoulas Thomas , Andreadis Ioannis I. , Fatouros Dimitrios G. , Ahmad Mehraj , Vasiliadou Chrisi , Theocharidou Athina , Ritzoulis Christos
Published: March 2024

Rheological analysis of citrus pectin at pH 3 and 7 elucidates its structural dynamics, revealing distinct behaviors influenced by pH. At pH 3, pectin exhibits shear‐thinning, with solvent‐independent unified rheological profiles identifying three concentration regimes: 0.5%–1.5%, 2%–3%, and 3.5%–4%. These regimes, alongside Cox–Merz superpositions, outline the semi‐dilute (c*) and concentrated (c**) transitions at 1.5%–2% and 3%–3.5%, respectively. Moreover, a Morris equation exponent of 0.65 indicates flexible, mobility‐restricted macromolecules. Conversely, at pH 7, increased viscosities and Morris plot linearity for p = .1 suggest rigid chain behavior due to electrostatic repulsion among ionized acidic groups. This rigidity leads to concentration‐dependent self‐assembly structures that diverge from expected unified rheological profiles, a deviation amplified by heating–cooling cycles. This study clarifies the impact of pH on citrus pectin's rheology and emphasizes the intricate relationship between polymeric chain rigidity, self‐assembly, and viscosity. By providing a refined understanding of these mechanisms, our findings contribute to the broader field of polysaccharide research, offering insights critical for developing and optimizing pectin‐based applications in various industries.
The associations between fibrosis changes and liver‐related events in patients with metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease
Authors: Lee Hye Won , Kim Kun Hee , Ahn Sang Hoon , Lee Han Chu , Choi Jonggi
Published: March 2024

Background

The prognosis of metabolic dysfunction‐associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is associated with liver fibrosis. We investigated the associations between changes in liver stiffness measurement (LSM) over 3‐year period and the development of cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with MASLD.

Methods

This study involved patients with MASLD who underwent transient elastography at baseline and 3 years after baseline from 2012 to 2020. Low (L), indeterminate (I) and high (H) LSM values were classified as <8 kPa, 8–12 kPa and >12 kPa respectively.

Results

Among 1738 patients, 150 (8.6%) were diagnosed with cirrhosis or HCC. The proportions of patients with L, I and H risk were 69.7%, 19.9% and 10.5% at baseline, and 78.8%, 12.8% and 8.4% at 3 years after baseline, respectively. The incidence rates of cirrhosis or HCC per 1000 person‐years were 3.7 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4–5.5) in the L → L + I group, 23.9 (95% CI, 17.1–32.6) in the I → L + I group, 38.3 (95% CI, 22.3–61.3) in the H → L + I group, 62.5 (95% CI, 32.3–109.2) in the I → H group, 67.8 (95% CI, 18.5–173.6) in the L → H group and 93.9 (95% CI 70.1–123.1) in the H → H group. Two risk factors for the development of cirrhosis or HCC were LSM changes and low platelet counts.

Conclusion

LSM changes could predict clinical outcomes in patients with MASLD. Thus, it is important to monitor changes in the fibrotic burden by regular assessment of LSM values.
Searching for a Carbon Laffer Curve: Estimates from the European Union Emissions Trading System
Authors: Mazzarano Matteo , Borghesi Simone
Published: March 2024

Carbon prices have grown remarkably in the European Union (EU) Emissions Trading System (ETS) in recent years, raising distributional concerns. Revenues are expected to grow with higher carbon prices, thus providing resources to address distributional issues. Beyond a certain point, however, higher prices can discourage the purchase of allowances and ultimately reduce revenues, describing a Carbon Laffer Curve (CLC). We empirically investigate the CLC in the EU ETS between 2012 and 2021 using auction revenues at the country level. Results indicate that ETS revenues follow an inverted‐U relationship in both the volume and the price of auctioned allowances, with an estimated optimal price between 86 and 125 euros.
The self‐management experiences of individuals who perceive health as beyond their control: An interpretive phenomenological study of individuals with ischemic heart disease
Authors: Wang Run , Yang Lingli , Sun Meihua , Zou Yanping , Zhou Chunlan
Published: March 2024

This qualitative study aimed to gain an understanding of what it means to live with ischemic heart disease for individuals who perceive health as beyond their control and how these individuals navigate their choices regarding adhering or not adhering to self‐management behavior. Participants were recruited through purposive sampling, and semi‐structured interviews were conducted. Content analysis was employed to identify themes and subthemes in the interview data. The theme, “attribution of ischemic heart disease,” revealed that the participants attributed their condition to lifestyle, critical events, and the natural aging process. The theme, “experiences of self‐management,” highlighted the different behaviors among participants who perceived health to be beyond their control. The theme, “barriers and facilitators,” identified factors such as a strong sense of responsibility toward family members, the work environment, and access to medical resources. Our study showed that despite perceiving their health to be beyond their control, some individuals may still adhere to self‐management practices. Understanding factors such as “attribution” and “barriers and facilitators” can provide nurses with insights into the patients' decisions to adhere or not adhere to self‐management behaviors.
Use of a footstool improves rectal balloon expulsion in some patients with defecatory disorders
Authors: Ulsh Lauren , Halawi Houssam , Triadafilopoulos George , Gurland Brooke , Nguyen Linda , Garcia Patricia , Sonu Irene , Fernandez‐Becker Nielsen , Becker Laren , Sheth Vipul , Neshatian Leila
Published: March 2024

Background

Whether patients with defecatory disorders (DDs) with favorable response to a footstool have distinctive anorectal pressure characteristics is unknown. We aimed to identify the clinical phenotype and anorectal pressure profile of patients with DDs who benefit from a footstool.

Methods

This is a retrospective review of patients with high resolution anorectal manometry (HR‐ARM) and balloon expulsion test (BET) from a tertiary referral center. BET was repeated with a 7‐inch‐high footstool in those who failed it after 120 s. Data were compared among groups with respect to BET results.

Key Results

Of the 667 patients with DDs, a total of 251 (38%) had failed BET. A footstool corrected BET in 41 (16%) of those with failed BET. Gender‐specific differences were noted in anorectal pressures, among patients with and without normal BET, revealing gender‐based nuances in pathophysiology of DDs. Comparing patients who passed BET with footstool with those who did not, the presence of optimal stool consistency, with reduced instances of loose stools and decreased reliance on laxatives were significant. Additionally, in women who benefited from a footstool, lower anal pressures at rest and simulated defecation were observed. Independent factors associated with a successful BET with a footstool in women included age <50, Bristol 3 or 4 stool consistency, lower anal resting pressure and higher rectoanal pressure gradient.

Conclusion & Inferences

Identification of distinctive clinical and anorectal phenotype of patients who benefited from a footstool could provide insight into the factors influencing the efficacy of footstool utilization and allow for an individualized treatment approach in patients with DDs.
Clinical validation of the VIPUN™ gastric monitoring system versus manometry for the evaluation of gastric motility
Authors: Raymenants Karlien , Huang I‐Hsuan , Goelen Nick , Janssen Pieter , Van Tichelen Nico , Burton Duane , Tack Jan
Published: March 2024

Background

Gastrointestinal dysmotility is frequently suspected in patients with gastroparesis, functional dyspepsia, and ileus, and in the intensive care unit. Monitoring of gastric motility in clinical practice remains challenging. A novel technology was developed to meet the medical need for a widely available bedside tool to monitor gastric motility continuously. The VIPUN™ Gastric Monitoring System (GMS) comprises a nasogastric feeding tube with intragastric balloon to allow for measuring gastric contractions.

Aims

To compare the performance of the VIPUN GMS versus a reference technique (manometry).

Methods

In this validation study in healthy subjects, the investigational catheter and a solid‐state manometry catheter were placed in the stomach concomitantly. Motility was recorded for 2.5 h: 2 h in a fasting state, followed by a 400‐kcal liquid meal, and monitoring of the fed state for the remaining half hour. The performance of both systems was compared by automated recognition and manual identification of the contractile activity. Data are presented as mean (standard deviation).

Key Results

The analysis set comprised 13 healthy subjects (6 women, age: 27.5 (8.1) years, BMI: 22.2 (2.46) kg/m2). Automatically‐recognized contractility was strongly correlated between the two techniques (endpoint: contraction duration; Spearman ρ = 0.96, p < 0.001). A correlation was also observed between the number of individual contractions identified by expert gastroenterologists on both technologies independently (ρ = 0.71, p = .007) and between the contractions identified by the experts and by the GMS software (ρ = 0.87, p = 0.001). No serious or unanticipated adverse events occurred.

Conclusions & Inferences

The observed strong correlations with the gold standard, manometry, validate the performance of the VIPUN GMS as a gastric monitoring system.
Genetic underpinnings of arthropod community distributions in Populus trichocarpa
Authors: Simon Sandra J. , Furches Anna , Chhetri Hari , Evans Luke , Abeyratne Chanaka Roshan , Jones Piet , Wimp Gina , Macaya‐Sanz David , Jacobson Daniel , Tschaplinski Timothy J. , Tuskan Gerald A. , DiFazio Stephen P.
Published: March 2024

Community genetics seeks to understand the mechanisms by which natural genetic variation in heritable host phenotypes can encompass assemblages of organisms such as bacteria, fungi, and many animals including arthropods. Prior studies that focused on plant genotypes have been unable to identify genes controlling community composition, a necessary step to predict ecosystem structure and function as underlying genes shift within plant populations.

We surveyed arthropods within an association population of Populus trichocarpa in three common gardens to discover plant genes that contributed to arthropod community composition. We analyzed our surveys with traditional single‐trait genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS), multitrait GWAS, and functional networks built from a diverse set of plant phenotypes.

Plant genotype was influential in structuring arthropod community composition among several garden sites. Candidate genes important for higher level organization of arthropod communities had broadly applicable functions, such as terpenoid biosynthesis and production of dsRNA binding proteins and protein kinases, which may be capable of targeting multiple arthropod species.

We have demonstrated the ability to detect, in an uncontrolled environment, individual genes that are associated with the community assemblage of arthropods on a host plant, further enhancing our understanding of genetic mechanisms that impact ecosystem structure.
Convergently evolved metabolites are new to me but not to my attackers
Authors: Agosto‐Ramos Amanda , Muhich Anna Jo , Kliebenstein Daniel J.
Published: March 2024

This article is a Commentary on Younkin et al. (2024), 242: 2719–2733.
Contrasting coordination of non‐structural carbohydrates with leaf and root economic strategies of alpine coniferous forests
Authors: Zhang Peipei , Ding Junxiang , Wang Qitong , McDowell Nate G. , Kong Deliang , Tong Yindong , Yin Huajun
Published: March 2024

Non‐structural carbohydrates (NSCs), as the labile fraction and dominant carbon currency, are essential mediators of plant adaptation to environments. However, whether and how NSC coordinates with plant economic strategy frameworks, particularly the well‐recognized leaf economics spectrums (LES) and root economics space (RES), remains unclear.

We examined the relationships between NSC and key plant economics traits in leaves and fine roots across 90 alpine coniferous populations on the Tibetan Plateau, China.

We observed contrasting coordination of NSC with economics traits in leaves and roots. Leaf total NSC and soluble sugar aligned with the leaf economic spectrum, conveying a trade‐off between growth and storage in leaves. However, NSC in roots was independent of the root economic spectrum, but highly coordinated with root foraging, with more starch and less sugar in forage‐efficient, thinner roots. Further, NSC‐trait coordination in leaves and roots was, respectively, driven by local temperature and precipitation.

These findings highlight distinct roles of NSC in shaping the above‐ and belowground multidimensional economics trait space, and NSC‐based carbon economics provides a mechanistic understanding of how plants adapt to heterogeneous habitats and respond to environmental changes.
Impact of bariatric surgery on anthropometric, metabolic, and reproductive outcomes in polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Benham Jamie L. , Corbett Kathryn S. , Yamamoto Jennifer M. , McClurg Caitlin , Piltonen Terhi , Yildiz Bulent O. , Li Rong , Mousa Aya , Tay Chau Thien , Spritzer Poli Mara , Teede Helena , Boyle Jacqueline A. , Brown Wendy A.
Published: March 2024

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in females. Modest weight loss improves reproductive and metabolic PCOS features. While lifestyle modifications and pharmacotherapies remain first‐line weight loss strategies, bariatric surgery is emerging as a potentially effective treatment. We performed a systematic review and meta‐analysis of published literature to examine the impact of bariatric surgery in PCOS to inform the 2023 International PCOS Evidence‐based Guidelines. Electronic databases were searched for observational studies and trials comparing pharmacologic or lifestyle treatments to bariatric surgery in women with PCOS or bariatric surgery in women with or without PCOS. Anthropometric, reproductive, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes were included and, where possible, meta‐analyzed using random‐effects models. Risk of bias and evidence quality were assessed. Ten studies were included involving 432 women with and 590 women without PCOS. Comparisons between bariatric surgery and pharmacologic or lifestyle treatments were only reported in one study each, and most reproductive outcomes were limited to a single study; therefore, meta‐analyses could not be performed. Meta‐analysis found that women with PCOS experience similar improvements in anthropometric, hormonal, and metabolic outcomes after bariatric surgery compared to those without PCOS. Existing research is limited and of low quality with high risk of bias, especially in comparison to existing PCOS treatments and with respect to reproductive outcomes including pregnancy, highlighting the need for additional studies to inform clinical recommendations.
Reliability and Accuracy of the Outerbridge Classification in Staging of Cartilage Defects
Authors: Mederake Moritz , Scheibe Vivien , Dalheimer Philipp , Schüll Daniel , Marina Danalache , Hofmann Ulf Krister
Published: March 2024

Objective

The decision on whether or not and how to treat a local cartilage defect is still made intraoperatively based on the visual presentation of the cartilage and findings from indentations with an arthroscopic probe. The treatment decision is then usually based on grading according to established classifications systems, which, therefore, need to have high reliability and accuracy. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the Outerbridge classification in staging cartilage defects.

Methods

We performed an observer arthroscopic study using the Outerbridge classification on seven fresh‐frozen human cadaveric knees, which collectively exhibited nine cartilage defects. To evaluate accuracy, defect severity was verified through histological examination. Interrater and intrarater reliabilites were calculated using Cohen's kappa and the intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC 3.1).

Results

The interrater and intrarater reliability for the Outerbridge classification ranged from poor to substantial, with 0.24 ≤ κ ≤ 0.70 and κ = 0.55 to κ = 0.66, respectively. The accuracy evaluated by comparison with the histological examination was 63% overall. The erroneous evaluations were, however, still often at the discrimination of grade 2 and 3. We did not find any relationship between higher experience and accuracy or intraobserver reliability. Taken together, these results encourage surgeons to further use diagnostic arthroscopy for evaluating cartilage lesions. Nevertheless, especially in grade 2 and 3, deviations from the histology were observed. This is, however, the point where a decision is made on whether to surgically address the defect or not.

Conclusion

Diagnostic arthroscopy is the standard for cartilage lesion assessment, yet interobserver reliability is fair to substantial. Caution is warranted in interpreting varied observer results. The accuracy of the “simpler” Outerbridge classification is insufficient compared to histological examinations, highlighting the need for improved techniques in guideline‐based intraoperative decision‐making.
Long‐term outcomes with abandoning versus extracting sterile leads: A 10‐year population‐based study
Authors: Lee Justin Z , Talaei Fahimeh , Tan Min‐Choon , Srivathsan Komandoor , Sorajja Dan , Valverde Arturo , Scott Luis , Asirvatham Samuel J , Kusumoto Fred , Mulpuru Siva K , Cha Yong‐Mei
Published: March 2024

Background

Long‐term outcomes of sterile lead management strategies of lead abandonment (LA) or transvenous lead extraction (TLE) remain unclear.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study of a population residing in southeastern Minnesota with follow‐up at the Mayo Clinic and its health systems. Patients who underwent LA or TLE of sterile leads from January 1, 2000, to January 1, 2011, and had follow‐up for at least 10 years or until their death were included.

Results

A total of 172 patients were included in the study with 153 patients who underwent LA and 19 who underwent TLE for sterile leads. Indications for subsequent lead extraction arose in 9.1% (n = 14) of patients with initial LA and 5.3% (n = 1) in patients with initial TLE, after an average of 7 years. Moreover, 28.6% of patients in the LA cohort who required subsequent extraction did not proceed with the extraction, and among those who proceeded, 60% had clinical success and 40% had a clinical failure. Subsequent device upgrades or revisions were performed in 18.3% of patients in the LA group and 31.6% in the TLE group, with no significant differences in procedural challenges (5.2% vs. 5.3%). There was no difference in 10‐year survival probability among the LA group and the TLE group (p = .64).

Conclusion

An initial lead abandonment strategy was associated with more complicated subsequent extraction procedures compared to patients with an initial transvenous lead extraction strategy. However, there was no difference in 10‐year survival probability between both lead management approaches.
Epistemic Conflicts and the Form of Epistemic Rules
Authors: Knoks Aleks
Published: March 2024

While such epistemic rules as ‘If you perceive that
, you ought to believe that
’ and ‘If you have outstanding testimony that
, you ought to believe that
’ seem to be getting at important truths, it is easy to think of cases in which they come into conflict. To avoid classifying such cases as dilemmas, one can hold either that epistemic rules have built‐in unless‐clauses listing the circumstances under which they don't apply or, alternatively, that epistemic rules are contributory. This paper explores both responses from a formal perspective, drawing on a simple defeasible logic framework.
An efficient genetic transformation system mediated by Rhizobium rhizogenes in fruit trees based on the transgenic hairy root to shoot conversion
Authors: Liu Lin , Qu Jinghua , Wang Chunyan , Liu Miao , Zhang Chunmeng , Zhang Xinyue , Guo Cheng , Wu Changai , Yang Guodong , Huang Jinguang , Yan Kang , Shu Huairui , Zheng Chengchao , Zhang Shizhong
Published: March 2024

Genetic transformation is a critical tool for gene editing and genetic improvement of plants. Although many model plants and crops can be genetically manipulated, genetic transformation systems for fruit trees are either lacking or perform poorly. We used Rhizobium rhizogenes to transfer the target gene into the hairy roots of Malus domestica and Actinidia chinensis. Transgenic roots were generated within 3 weeks, with a transgenic efficiency of 78.8%. Root to shoot conversion of transgenic hairy roots was achieved within 11 weeks, with a regeneration efficiency of 3.3%. Finally, the regulatory genes involved in stem cell activity were used to improve shoot regeneration efficiency. MdWOX5 exhibited the most significant effects, as it led to an improved regeneration efficiency of 20.6% and a reduced regeneration time of 9 weeks. Phenotypes of the overexpression of RUBY system mediated red roots and overexpression of MdRGF5 mediated longer root hairs were observed within 3 weeks, suggesting that the method can be used to quickly screen genes that influence root phenotype scores through root performance, such as root colour, root hair, and lateral root. Obtaining whole plants of the RUBY system and MdRGF5 overexpression lines highlights the convenience of this technology for studying gene functions in whole plants. Overall, we developed an optimized method to improve the transformation efficiency and stability of transformants in fruit trees.
Recessive resistance against beet chlorosis virus is conferred by the eukaryotic translation initiation factor (iso)4E in Beta vulgaris
Authors: Rollwage Lukas , Van Houtte Hilde , Hossain Roxana , Wynant Niels , Willems Glenda , Varrelmann Mark
Published: March 2024

Eukaryotic translation initiation factors (eIFs) are important for mRNA translation but also pivotal for plant‐virus interaction. Most of these plant‐virus interactions were found between plant eIFs and the viral protein genome‐linked (VPg) of potyviruses. In case of lost interaction due to mutation or deletion of eIFs, the viral translation and subsequent replication within its host is negatively affected, resulting in a recessive resistance. Here we report the identification of the Beta vulgaris Bv‐eIF(iso)4E as a susceptibility factor towards the VPg‐carrying beet chlorosis virus (genus Polerovirus). Using yeast two‐hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assays, the physical interaction between Bv‐eIF(iso)4E and the putative BChV‐VPg was detected, while the VPg of the closely related beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) was found to interact with the two isoforms Bv‐eIF4E and Bv‐eIF(iso)4E. These VPg‐eIF interactions within the polerovirus‐beet pathosystem were demonstrated to be highly specific, as single mutations within the predicted cap‐binding pocket of Bv‐eIF(iso)4E resulted in a loss of interaction. To investigate the suitability of eIFs as a resistance resource against beet infecting poleroviruses, B. vulgaris plants were genome edited by CRISPR/Cas9 resulting in knockouts of different eIFs. A simultaneous knockout of the identified BMYV‐interaction partners Bv‐eIF4E and Bv‐eIF(iso)4E was not achieved, but Bv‐eIF(iso)4EKO plants showed a significantly lowered BChV accumulation and decrease in infection rate from 100% to 28.86%, while no influence on BMYV accumulation was observed. Still, these observations support that eIFs are promising candidate genes for polerovirus resistance breeding in sugar beet.
Half of the 18O enrichment of leaf sucrose is conserved in leaf cellulose of a C3 grass across atmospheric humidity and CO2 levels
Authors: Cabrera Juan C. Baca , Hirl Regina T. , Schäufele Rudi , Zhu Jianjun , Liu Hai Tao , Gong Xiao Ying , Ogée Jérôme , Schnyder Hans
Published: March 2024

The 18O enrichment (Δ18O) of cellulose (Δ18OCel) is recognized as a unique archive of past climate and plant function. However, there is still uncertainty regarding the proportion of oxygen in cellulose (pex) that exchanges post‐photosynthetically with medium water of cellulose synthesis. Particularly, recent research with C3 grasses demonstrated that the Δ18O of leaf sucrose (Δ18OSuc, the parent substrate for cellulose synthesis) can be much higher than predicted from daytime Δ18O of leaf water (Δ18OLW), which could alter conclusions on photosynthetic versus post‐photosynthetic effects on Δ18OCel via pex. Here, we assessed pex in leaves of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) grown at different atmospheric relative humidity (RH) and CO2 levels, by determinations of Δ18OCel in leaves, Δ18OLGDZW (the Δ18O of water in the leaf growth‐and‐differentiation zone) and both Δ18OSuc and Δ18OLW (adjusted for εbio, the biosynthetic fractionation between water and carbohydrates) as alternative proxies for the substrate for cellulose synthesis. Δ18OLGDZW was always close to irrigation water, and pex was similar (0.53 ± 0.02 SE) across environments when determinations were based on Δ18OSuc. Conversely, pex was erroneously and variably underestimated (range 0.02–0.44) when based on Δ18OLW. The photosynthetic signal fraction in Δ18OCel is much more constant than hitherto assumed, encouraging leaf physiological reconstructions.
Urban Colombian youths' perspectives on the armed conflict and possibilities for ways forward
Authors: Pareja Conto Laura , Velez Gabriel , Restrepo Angelica , Recchia Holly , Posada‐Gilede Roberto , Wainryb Cecilia
Published: March 2024

In the aftermath of intractable armed conflict, adolescents can play a critical role in the process of reconciliation and the construction of a culture of peace. The meanings they construct about these processes are a core aspect of their engagement (or lack thereof) in peace‐building initiatives. This study sought to document adolescents' perspectives on the Colombian armed conflict and the 2016 peace treaty, as well as their preferred resolutions to move forward after decades of harm and division. We interviewed 77 adolescents (39 girls, 38 boys) ranging from ages 14 to 19 years (M = 16.49, SD = .95) from two public schools in Bogotá, Colombia. We asked youth open‐ended questions about the history of the armed conflict, their position toward the peace accord, and their proposed optimal resolutions to address harms committed by the Fuerzas Armadas Revolucionarias de Colombia—Ejército del Pueblo (FARC). Using thematic analysis, we identified three overall themes in adolescents' responses: (1) cynicism toward peace and desires for retribution, (2) improving the lives of those they thought were most impacted, and (3) restoring relationships and ending cycles of violence. We discuss the implications of our findings for psychological scholarship, peace education, and politics of reconciliation in light of Colombia's current political and social climate.
Inheritance and genetic mapping of the first CPMMV tolerance locus in common bean
Authors: Silva Rodrigo S. , Faria Josias C. , Vianello Rosana P. , Valdisser Paula Arielle M. R. , Pereira Helton S. , Melo Leonardo C. , Pinheiro Patrícia V. , Souza Thiago Lívio P. O.
Published: March 2024

Although cowpea mild mottle virus (CPMMV) has been reported in Brazil since 1983, it has only become a significant concern for researchers and farmers in recent years. The objective of this work was to investigate the genetic basis of CPMMV tolerance, mapping and reporting the first loci associated with this trait in common bean (cv. BRS Sublime). Phenotypic assays were carried out on 180 individual plants (F2 generation) and 180 F2:3 progenies comprising 12 plants per family and their parents (BRS Sublime, tolerant parent × CNFCT 16207, susceptible parent). CPMMV was mechanically inoculated and symptoms were evaluated at 35 days after inoculation, using a 1–5 scoring scale. A linkage map was constructed using 1695 single‐nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and SilicoDArT markers that segregated in the F2 and F2:3 generations as expected. Markers were distributed across 11 common bean chromosomes, resulting in a total length of 2864 cM, with an average distance between markers of 1.8 cM. Phenotypic observations revealed that tolerance in cv. BRS Sublime is controlled by a single dominant gene. The main effect quantitative trait locus (QTL; CPMMV.Pv08) associated with CPMMV tolerance was identified in the terminal region on chromosome 8 (Pv08). This QTL explained approximately 77% of phenotypic variation, indicating that the inheritance of tolerance to CPMMV is monogenic, controlled by a major locus. As far as we know, this study represents the first investigation into the inheritance and genetic mapping of CPMMV tolerance in common bean, with potential for the development of elite lines with multiple virus resistance/tolerance.
Use of a risk assessment tool to determine the origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2)
Authors: Chen Xin , Kalyar Fatema , Chughtai Abrar Ahmad , MacIntyre Chandini Raina
Published: March 2024

The origin of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is contentious. Most studies have focused on a zoonotic origin, but definitive evidence such as an intermediary animal host is lacking. We used an established risk analysis tool for differentiating natural and unnatural epidemics, the modified Grunow–Finke assessment tool (mGFT) to study the origin of SARS‐COV‐2. The mGFT scores 11 criteria to provide a likelihood of natural or unnatural origin. Using published literature and publicly available sources of information, we applied the mGFT to the origin of SARS‐CoV‐2. The mGFT scored 41/60 points (68%), with high inter‐rater reliability (100%), indicating a greater likelihood of an unnatural than natural origin of SARS‐CoV‐2. This risk assessment cannot prove the origin of SARS‐CoV‐2 but shows that the possibility of a laboratory origin cannot be easily dismissed.
Intuitive toxicology in the 21st century—Bridging the perspectives of the public and risk assessors in Europe
Authors: Bearth Angela , Roth Nicolas , Wilks Martin F. , Siegrist Michael
Published: March 2024

Three decades ago, several articles on the subjectivity in chemical risk judgments (i.e., labeled “intuitive toxicology”) measured the divide between the public and toxicologists with different backgrounds regarding the validity of predicting health effects based on in vivo studies. Similar divides with impacts on societal discourse and chemical risk assessment practices might exist concerning alternative toxicity testing methods (i.e., in vitro and in silico). However, studies to date have focused either on the public's views of in vivo or stem cell testing or on experts’ views of in vivo testing and potential alternatives (i.e., toxicologists and medical students), which do not allow for a direct investigation of potential divides. To fill this knowledge gap, we conducted two online surveys, involving members of the German‐speaking public in Switzerland and European human health risk assessors, respectively. This article presents the results of these two surveys regarding the divide in the public's and risk assessors’ perspectives on risk assessment based on in vivo, in vitro, and in silico testing. Particularly, the survey with the risk assessors highlights that, beyond scientific and regulatory barriers, alternatives to in vivo testing may encounter individual hurdles, such as higher uncertainty associated with them. Understanding and addressing these hurdles will be crucial to facilitate the integration of new approach methodologies into chemical risk assessment practices as well as a successful transition toward next‐generation risk assessment, bringing us closer to a fit‐for‐purpose and more efficient regulatory landscape.
Building stronger bonds: The impact of family support and communication on suicidal behaviors among Black men who have sex with men
Authors: Boyd Donte T. , Quinn Camille R. , Jones Kristian V. , Waller Bernadine , Coker Evelyn Joy , Duprey Erinn B. , Cerulli Catherine , McCoy Henrika
Published: March 2024

Introduction

It has been well documented that men who identify with a sexual orientation other than heterosexual are at a greater risk for suicide‐related outcomes. What is less known are the protective factors that can reduce such negative outcomes and contribute to their resilience.

Methods

This study used data collected between December 1, 2021, and January 2022 to understand how family factors contribute to or prevent depression symptoms and suicide outcomes among young Black men who have sex with men (BMSM) ages 18 to 29 (N = 400). A path analysis was conducted to explore the direct and indirect effects of suicide attempts.

Results

Surprisingly, there were nuanced findings that showed having a family member or friend die by suicide was indirectly associated with suicide planning and suicide attempts. It was also unexpectedly noted that there was a positive relationship between higher rates of depressive symptoms and higher levels of support from family members.

Conclusions

The population focused on in this study is understudied and has unique needs. Identifying familial support may not automatically reduce the thoughts and plans of young BMSM, which is an example of why their intersecting marginalized identities must be considered when conducting further research, creating interventions, and providing therapeutic services.
How to design and establish a national school‐based physical fitness monitoring and surveillance system for children and adolescents: A 10‐step approach recommended by the FitBack network
Authors: Joensuu Laura , Csányi Tamás , Huhtiniemi Mikko , Kälbi Katalin , Magalhães João , Milanović Ivana , Morrison Shawnda A. , Ortega Francisco B. , Sardinha Luis B. , Starc Gregor , Tammelin Tuija H. , Jurak Gregor ,   the FitBack Network
Published: March 2024

Background

Providing individual‐ and population‐level data on children's physical fitness (PF) is a crucial public health and education priority. However, few national fitness monitoring or surveillance systems are currently in practice internationally. We aim to summarize the current European PF monitoring and surveillance systems for school‐aged children and to provide experience‐based guidelines on how to design such systems.

Methods

The FitBack network consists of experts from diverse backgrounds with the common interest to improve the accessibility of PF monitoring for young people globally. Through FitBack network, we identified and compared the national or regional PF monitoring and surveillance systems currently in operation across Europe. We formulated a 10‐step approach for designing and establishing one's own system, based on analysis of experienced strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats to monitoring childhood fitness.

Results

We identified a total of eight PF monitoring systems in Finland, France, Galicia of Spain, Hungary, Lithuania, Portugal, Serbia, and Slovenia. The FitBack network recommends the following steps for designing and establishing one's own system: (1) set up mission statements and aims, (2) involve stakeholders, (3) utilize scientific background, (4) governance structure, (5) ensure sufficient funding, (6) data management planning, (7) provide meaningful feedback, (8) conduct pilot testing, (9) plan implementation process, and (10) invest in communication with stakeholders.

Conclusions

This study provides an updated overview of the best practices for school‐aged children's fitness monitoring and surveillance in Europe. Additionally, it offers a 10‐step approach to assist in the creation of similar systems in Europe or globally.
The novel HLA‐DPB1*03:01:29 allele, identified by sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Zhu Ni , Xie Zhi‐cong , Li Ye‐mo , Chen Jun‐fa , Wang Jun
Published: March 2024

HLA‐DPB1*03:01:29 differs from HLA‐DPB1*03:01:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 2.
The novel HLA‐B*38:103N allele, identified by Sanger dideoxy nucleotide sequencing in a Chinese individual
Authors: Li Shuang‐yue , An Lin , Ding Pei‐pei , Hu Xiao‐zhuang , Lu Ying
Published: March 2024

HLA‐B*38:103N differs from HLA‐B*38:02:01:01 by one nucleotide in exon 3.