bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dipole sources of the main geomagnetic field
Authors: Ladynin A.V.
Published: April 2014

The parameters of 15 arbitrary dipoles that, in aggregate, represent the main geomagnetic field (MGF) are estimated to obtain information on the distribution of MGF sources within the Earth in the form of dipoles with an arbitrary position and value of the magnetic moment vector. For an adequate estimation of the results, the method of obtaining the data is described, including: the eccentric dipole model and the derivation of the basic formulas for the magnetic field components of an arbitrary dipole; the method of estimating the parameters of these dipoles, including the computational scheme and optimization method; necessary constraints on the dipoles parameters and a justification of the choice of the initial values in the optimization fitting of the parameters. The results are presented as a map of the location of the centers of the dipoles and their northern axial poles for the epochs 1955 and 2005 and plots of changes in all six parameters of 15 dipoles for 50 years. Most of the dipole centers are located in the lower mantle. The results suggest the existence of current systems in the lower mantle that produce dipole magnetic fields. These currents are provided by the high conductivity of wüstite, an important component of the mantle, which, at a depth of 1000–2200 km, transforms to the low-spin state of iron with increased density and electrical conductivity.
Effects of near-surface inhomogeneities on MT responses: an analytical model
Authors: Plotkin V.V.
Published: April 2014

An analytical model is suggested to describe the electrostatic field produced by near-surface inhomogeneities responsible for galvanic shift in magnetotelluric (MT) apparent resistivity sounding curves. The near-surface inhomogeneities are modeled in thin-sheet approximation with laterally variable longitudinal conductance and transverse resistance. The model accounts for the TM (transverse magnetic) mode secondary electric field in the conductive layered subsurface below the thin sheet. Equations have been obtained to relate the subsurface geoelectric parameters and the spatial harmonics of the secondary electrostatic field. This secondary field, which is the source of galvanic shift in MT data, turns out to be in-phase with the primary field. The equations derived to simulate galvanic distortions are applicable to long-period MT data acquired by a synchronous array.
An interesting example for spectral invariants
Authors: Benameur Moulay-Tahar , Heitsch James L. , Wahl Charlotte
Published: April 2014

In [HL99], the heat operator of a Bismut superconnection for a family of generalized Dirac operators is defined along the leaves of a foliation with Hausdorff groupoid. The Novikov-Shubin invariants of the Dirac operators were assumed greater than three times the codimension of the foliation. It was then shown that the associated heat operator converges to the Chern character of the index bundle of the operator. In [BH08], this result was improved by reducing the requirement on the Novikov-Shubin invariants to one half of the codimension. In this paper, we construct examples which show that this is the best possible result.
Comparing Satisfaction, Life-Stress, Coping and Academic Performance of Counselling Students in On-Campus and Distance Education Learning Environments
Authors: Furlonger Brett , Gencic Emilia
Published: April 2014

Distance education students are confronted with a range of additional challenges as part of their tertiary study experience. A quantitative approach was used to identify the challenges they face, their relative levels of satisfaction, coping strategies, and academic performance. Two hundred and ninety-five students (64 male and 231 female) participated by completing a survey that included measures of satisfaction, stress, coping, and academic performance. All were enrolled in an Australian university and studied either on campus or in one of two distance education (DE) modes, off-campus and offshore. While there were some differences in satisfaction expressed between DE and on-campus students, there were no significant differences between the groups on measures of stress or academic performance. The differences between the three groups’ use of coping strategies was less clear. Possible explanations for the differences between the groups are discussed.
Sequential Decision Making and Information Aggregation in Small Networks
Authors: Patty John W. , Penn Elizabeth Maggie
Published: April 2014

This article describes and investigates a model of strategic sequential decision making in networked policy-making environments with three agents. The primary interest is the effect of network structure on sequential policy making and information aggregation. The model and results illustrate how individual policy decisions of varying weight (in terms of a decision maker's unilateral effect on policy outcomes) can enable information aggregation in decentralized environments. In the studied environment, the incentive compatibility conditions for information aggregation are not invariant to network isomorphisms: individuals’ positions in the network matter. The study derives exact conditions for every acyclic network of three or fewer agents and illustrates the counterintuitive nature of comparative statics with respect to both network structure and individual agents’ policy preferences and discretionary authority.
Introduction
Authors: Chirikjian Gregory
Published: April 2014

In November 2012, the eleventh Workshop on Distributed Autonomous Robotic Systems (DARS 2012) was held in Baltimore, Maryland on the campus of Johns Hopkins University. Previous DARS workshops were held in 1992, 1994, and 1996 in Riken, Wako, Japan; Karlsruhe, Germany (1998); Knoxville, Tennessee, USA (2000); Fukuoka, Japan (2002); Toulouse, France (2004); Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA (2006); Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (2008); and Lausanne, Switzerland (2010).
Antidromic latency of magnocellular, parvocellular, and koniocellular (Blue-ON) geniculocortical relay cells in marmosets
Authors: CHEONG SOON KEEN , JOHANNES PIETERSEN ALEXANDER NICOLAAS
Published: April 2014

We studied the functional connectivity of cells in the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) with the primary visual cortex (V1) in anesthetized marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). The LGN sends signals to V1 along parallel visual pathways called parvocellular (P), magnocellular (M), and koniocellular (K). To better understand how these pathways provide inputs to V1, we antidromically activated relay cells in the LGN by electrically stimulating V1 and measuring the conduction latencies of P (n = 7), M (n = 14), and the “Blue-ON” (n = 5) subgroup of K cells (K-BON cells). We found that the antidromic latencies of K-BON cells were similar to those of P cells. We also measured the response latencies to high contrast visual stimuli for a subset of cells. We found the LGN cells that have the shortest latency of response to visual stimulation also have the shortest antidromic latencies. We conclude that Blue color signals are transmitted directly to V1 from the LGN by K-BON cells.
Evidence for sex differences in fetal programming of physiological stress reactivity in infancy
Authors: Tibu Florin , Hill Jonathan , Sharp Helen , Marshall Kate , Glover Vivette , Pickles Andrew
Published: April 2014

Associations between low birth weight and prenatal anxiety and later psychopathology may arise from programming effects likely to be adaptive under some, but not other, environmental exposures and modified by sex differences. If physiological reactivity, which also confers vulnerability or resilience in an environment-dependent manner, is associated with birth weight and prenatal anxiety, it will be a candidate to mediate the links with psychopathology. From a general population sample of 1,233 first-time mothers recruited at 20 weeks gestation, a sample of 316 stratified by adversity was assessed at 32 weeks and when their infants were aged 29 weeks (N= 271). Prenatal anxiety was assessed by self-report, birth weight from medical records, and vagal reactivity from respiratory sinus arrhythmia during four nonstressful and one stressful (still-face) procedure. Lower birth weight for gestational age predicted higher vagal reactivity only in girls (interaction term,p= .016), and prenatal maternal anxiety predicted lower vagal reactivity only in boys (interaction term,p= .014). These findings are consistent with sex differences in fetal programming, whereby prenatal risks are associated with increased stress reactivity in females but decreased reactivity in males, with distinctive advantages and penalties for each sex.
Fit for a King? The Significance of a Gift Exchange between the Thirteenth Dalai Lama and King George V
Authors: MARTIN EMMA
Published: April 2014

Britain's tentatively built diplomatic ties with Tibet received a jolt on 28 June 1913 when four Tibetan boys and their chaperone Kusho Lungshar went to meet George V, King of England and Emperor of India at Buckingham Palace. Lungshar and the boys brought with them an extensive range of gifts and letters from the thirteenth Dalai Lama, inadvertently giving the British government a diplomatic headache: not only could this potentially have been interpreted as a breach of the 1907 Anglo-Russian Convention, but what should be given in return? By bringing together recently identified objects and archives now located in the British Museum, the British Library and the Victoria and Albert Museum, this paper will focus on the products of this encounter: the gifts. They will be considered here as statements of independence, signifiers of ‘Tibetanness’ and as examples of the developing protocols constructed by Britain in response to its encounter with Tibet.2
The application of high-resolution methods for DOA estimation using a linear antenna array
Authors: Osman Lotfi , Sfar Imen , Gharsallah Ali
Published: April 2014

This paper presents results of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using multiple signal classification (MUSIC), Root-MUSIC, and estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithms. As is well known, these algorithms are mainly based on the specific properties of the signal covariance matrix as well as the decomposition of the observation space into two subspaces, one for the signal and the other for the noise. Here, we are particularly interested in the quality of sources localization considering only the case of uncorrelated radio frequency signals impinging on an antenna array. A measurement system consisting of a linear array antenna and a five-port network applicable to a demodulator such as a receiver is used for the DOA estimation process. Co-simulations performed with the Advanced Device System and Matlab yielded interesting results not only on their performance but also on their limitation.
Phosphoregulation of Ire1 RNase splicing activity
Authors: Prischi Filippo , Nowak Piotr R. , Carrara Marta , Ali Maruf M. U.
Published: April 2014

Ire1 is activated in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins within the endoplasmic reticulum as part of the unfolded protein response (UPR). It is a unique enzyme, possessing both kinase and RNase activity that is required for specific splicing of Xbp1 mRNA leading to UPR activation. How phosphorylation impacts on the Ire1 splicing activity is unclear. In this study, we isolate distinct phosphorylated species of Ire1 and assess their effects on RNase splicing both in vitro and in vivo. We find that phosphorylation within the kinase activation loop significantly increases RNase splicing in vitro. Correspondingly, mutants of Ire1 that cannot be phosphorylated on the activation loop show decreased specific Xbp1 and promiscuous RNase splicing activity relative to wild-type Ire1 in cells. These data couple the kinase phosphorylation reaction to the activation state of the RNase, suggesting that phosphorylation of the activation loop is an important step in Ire1-mediated UPR activation.
Fragile X mental retardation protein controls synaptic vesicle exocytosis by modulating N-type calcium channel density
Authors: Ferron Laurent , Nieto-Rostro Manuela , Cassidy John S. , Dolphin Annette C.
Published: April 2014

Fragile X syndrome (FXS), the most common heritable form of mental retardation, is characterized by synaptic dysfunction. Synaptic transmission depends critically on presynaptic calcium entry via voltage-gated calcium (CaV) channels. Here we show that the functional expression of neuronal N-type CaV channels (CaV2.2) is regulated by fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). We find that FMRP knockdown in dorsal root ganglion neurons increases CaV channel density in somata and in presynaptic terminals. We then show that FMRP controls CaV2.2 surface expression by targeting the channels to the proteasome for degradation. The interaction between FMRP and CaV2.2 occurs between the carboxy-terminal domain of FMRP and domains of CaV2.2 known to interact with the neurotransmitter release machinery. Finally, we show that FMRP controls synaptic exocytosis via CaV2.2 channels. Our data indicate that FMRP is a potent regulator of presynaptic activity, and its loss is likely to contribute to synaptic dysfunction in FXS.
Charge instability of symmetry broken dipolar states in quadrupolar and octupolar triphenylamine derivatives
Authors: Easwaramoorthi Shanmugam , Thamaraiselvi Pichandi , Duraimurugan Kumaraguru , Beneto Arockiam Jesin , Siva Ayyanar , Nair Balachandran Unni
Published: April 2014

The quadrupolar and octupolar cyano triphenylamines shows symmetry broken dipolar charge transfer state, however, the thus formed state is distinctly different from that of its dipolar analogue.
Toxic gas removal – metal–organic frameworks for the capture and degradation of toxic gases and vapours
Authors: Barea Elisa , Montoro Carmen , Navarro Jorge A. R.
Published: April 2014

The adsorptive and catalytic properties of metal–organic frameworks are advantageous for the capture, sensing and degradation of harmful gases and vapors.
Label-free fluorescence polarization detection of pyrophosphate based on 0D/1D fast transformation of CdTe nanostructures
Authors: Du Jinyan , Ye Li , Ding Meili , Chen Yuting , Zhuo Shujuan , Zhu Changqing
Published: April 2014

A novel and label-free fluorescence polarization method for detecting PPi is constructed based on 0D/1D fast transformation of CdTe nanostructures
Protein/peptide purification by three-well OFFGEL electrophoresis with immobilized ultra narrow pH gradient gels
Authors: Tobolkina Elena , Cortés-Salazar Fernando , Qiao Liang , Girault Hubert H.
Published: April 2014

A protein/peptide mixture (P) for electrophoretic fractionation.
Simultaneous determination of Mo and Ni in wine and soil amendments by HR-CS GF AAS
Authors: Boschetti Wiliam , Borges Aline R. , Duarte Alvaro T. , Dessuy Morgana B. , Vale Maria Goreti R. , de Andrade Jailson B. , Welz Bernhard
Published: April 2014

Mo and Ni have been determined simultaneously in wine and soil amendment samples.
Structurally-modified subphthalocyanines: molecular design towards realization of expected properties from the electronic structure and structural features of subphthalocyanine
Authors: Shimizu Soji , Kobayashi Nagao
Published: April 2014

This feature article summarizes recent contributions of the authors in the synthesis of structurally-modified subphthalocyanines, which covers (1) modification of the conjugated system, (2) core-modification, and (3) exterior-modification.
K10 montmorillonite clays as environmentally benign catalysts for organic reactions
Authors: Kumar Basuvaraj Suresh , Dhakshinamoorthy Amarajothi , Pitchumani Kasi
Published: April 2014

This perspective summarizes the catalytic activity of K10 montmorillonite as a multifunctional catalyst for organic reactions.
Terminal conjugated dienes via a ruthenium-catalyzed cross-metathesis/elimination sequence: application to renewable resources
Authors: Bilel Hallouma , Hamdi Naceur , Zagrouba Fethi , Fischmeister Cédric , Bruneau Christian
Published: April 2014

Two-step synthesis of terminal 1,3-dienes catalyzed by two different ruthenium complexes.
The energy transfer phenomena and colour tunability in Y2O2S:Eu3+/Dy3+ micro-fibers for white emission in solid state lighting applications
Authors: Som S. , Mitra P. , Kumar Vijay , Kumar Vinod , Terblans J. J. , Swart H. C. , Sharma S. K.
Published: April 2014

This paper reports on the structural, optical and photometric characterization of an Eu3+/Dy3+ doped yttrium oxysulfide phosphor (Y2O2S:Eu3+/Dy3+) for near white emission in solid state lighting.
Syntheses and properties of 2-D and 3-D Pb–Ag heterometallic iodides decorated with ethylene polyamines at the Pb(ii) center
Authors: Shen Yali , Lu Jialin , Tang Chunying , Fang Wang , Jia Dingxian , Zhang Yong
Published: April 2014

Novel iodides [{(en)2(PbAgI3)}]2n·nH2O (1), [(pda)2(PbAgI3)]n(2), [(tmeda)(PbAgI3)]n(3), [(trien)(PbAgI3)]n(4), [(tepa)(PbAg2I4)]n(5), and [{(dien)3(CO3)}2(Pb6Ag8I15)]nIn(6) were prepared in DMF solution.1–6represent a new type of heterometallic iodides containing coordinative organic components.
Dimerization-based control of cooperativity
Authors: Bouhaddou Mehdi , Birtwistle Marc R.
Published: April 2014

Kinetic modeling reveals that dimerization affinity can increase, eliminate, and even reverse cooperativity imposed by the canonical ligand-affinity mechanism highlighting a novel role for the ubiquitous signaling motif.
Geometric nonlinearity and mechanical anisotropy in strained helical nanoribbons
Authors: Chen Z.
Published: April 2014

Fabrication and synthesis of helical nanoribbons have received increasing attention because of the broad applications of helical nanostructures in nano-elecromechanical/micro-electromechanical systems (NEMS/MEMS), sensors, active materials, drug delivery,etc.
Tin-decorated ruthenium nanoparticles: a way to tune selectivity in hydrogenation reaction
Authors: Bonnefille Eric , Novio Fernando , Gutmann Torsten , Poteau Romuald , Lecante Pierre , Jumas Jean-Claude , Philippot Karine , Chaudret Bruno
Published: April 2014

Spectroscopic techniques and theoretical calculations allowed the characterization of μ3-bridging “SnR” groups on the ruthenium nanoparticle surface after reaction with Bu3SnH.
Probing photo-carrier collection efficiencies of individual silicon nanowire diodes on a wafer substrate
Authors: Schmitt S. W. , Brönstrup G. , Shalev G. , Srivastava S. K. , Bashouti M. Y. , Döhler G. H. , Christiansen S. H.
Published: April 2014

Dark and illuminated electrical nano-probing of individual silicon nanowire diodes coupled to a wafer substrate permits to derive design aspects for nano-enabled devices.
Palladium(ii)-catalysed total synthesis of naturally occurring pyrano[3,2-a]carbazole and pyrano[2,3-b]carbazole alkaloids
Authors: Hesse Ronny , Jäger Anne , Schmidt Arndt W. , Knölker Hans-Joachim
Published: April 2014

Seven naturally occurring pyranocarbazole alkaloids (pyrayafoline A–E,O-methylmurrayamine A andO-methylmahanine) have been synthesised using a palladium(ii)-catalysed cyclisation of a diarylamine to an orthogonally diprotected 2,7-dihydroxycarbazole as key step.
Chiral derivatives of 1,2-benzenedisulfonimide as efficient Brønsted acid catalysts in the Strecker reaction
Authors: Barbero Margherita , Cadamuro Silvano , Dughera Stefano , Torregrossa Roberta
Published: April 2014

Two chiral derivatives of 1,2-benzenedisulfonimide were synthesized. (−)Atropisomers have been demonstrated to be efficient chiral catalysts in the Strecker reaction.
Hydrothermal synthesis and electrochromism of WO3 nanocuboids
Authors: Adhikari Sangeeta , Sarkar Debasish
Published: April 2014

Tungsten trioxide (WO3) nanocuboids are preferentially developed through control over three important processing parameters: fluoroboric acid concentration, hydrothermal reaction time and temperature.
Substrate and catalytic promiscuity of secondary metabolite enzymes: O-prenylation of hydroxyxanthones with different prenyl donors by a bisindolyl benzoquinone C- and N-prenyltransferase
Authors: Tarcz Sylwia , Xie Xiulan , Li Shu-Ming
Published: April 2014

Supplied with unnatural substrates like hydroxyxanthones, the C- and N-prenyltransferase AstPT performs O-prenylation using DMAPP, GPP and also FPP as prenyl donor.
High-performance fish-scale-based porous carbon for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution
Authors: Huang Zhe , Shao Hongyuan , Huang Bicheng , Li Chengming , Huang Yaqin , Chen Xiaonong
Published: April 2014

The fish-scale-based porous carbon shows high performance for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution.
Penrose nanotiles: design of the thin and thick rhomb molecules to self-assemble into a quasicrystal
Authors: Laikov Dimitri N.
Published: April 2014

New organic molecules are designed, with synthesis in mind, to fit the shape of the thin and thick rhombs of the Penrose tiling and self-assemble by hydrogen bonding into nearly flat sheets (that may stack face-to-face) following the matching rules.
An ABA triblock containing a central soft block of poly[2,5-di(n-hexogycarbonyl)styrene] and outer hard block of poly(4-vinylpyridine): synthesis, phase behavior and mechanical enhancement
Authors: Liu Xin , Zhao Rui-Ying , Zhao Ti-Peng , Liu Chen-Yang , Yang Shuang , Chen Er-Qiang
Published: April 2014

A new ABA triblock copolymer (P4VP-PHCS-P4VP) with strong microphase separation was successfully synthesized and showed phase transformation and mechanical enhancement by blending with metal salt.
Study on wear behaviour and wear model of nitrile butadiene rubber under water lubricated conditions
Authors: Dong Conglin , Yuan Chengqing , Bai Xiuqin , Yan Xinping , Peng Zhongxiao
Published: April 2014

The main wear mechanism between the NBR pins and the 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel rubbing pairs is severe adhesion tearing wear under the water-lubricated condition.
Entrapping electrode materials within ultrathin carbon nanotube network for flexible thin film lithium ion batteries
Authors: Wu Yang , Wu Hengcai , Luo Shu , Wang Ke , Zhao Fei , Wei Yang , Liu Peng , Jiang Kaili , Wang Jiaping , Fan Shoushan
Published: April 2014

Flexible thin film lithium ion batteries are fabricated by a scalable spray-painting process without organic binder and metal current collectors.
Keloid collagen–cell interactions: structural and functional perspective
Authors: Krishnaswamy Venkat Raghavan , Lakra Rachita , Korrapati Purna Sai
Published: April 2014

Keloids are a benign dermal proliferative disorder characterised by dense fibrotic tissue developing due to abnormal wound healing.
Invitro study of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) with adsorbed mitoxantrone (MTO) as a drug delivery system to treat breast cancer
Authors: Risi Giulia , Bloise Nora , Merli Daniele , Icaro-Cornaglia Antonia , Profumo Antonella , Fagnoni Maurizio , Quartarone Eliana , Imbriani Marcello , Visai Livia
Published: April 2014

Mitoxantrone 600 dpi in TIF format)??>(MTO) is a well-known anticancer drug. In order to improve its therapeutic effect, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were studied in vitro as a drug delivery system.
Modulating interfacial attraction of polymer-grafted nanoparticles in melts under shear
Authors: Senses Erkan , Jiao Yang , Akcora Pinar
Published: April 2014

The mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposites are significantly affected by spatial ordering of nanoparticles (NPs) which can be modified under shear flow fields.
A facile preparation method of surface patterned polymer electrolyte membranes for fuel cell applications
Authors: Koh Jong Kwan , Jeon Yukwon , Cho Yong Il , Kim Jong Hak , Shul Yong-Gun
Published: April 2014

We report a facile universal patterning method that provides well-arrayed patterns of polymer electrolyte membranes with a large electrochemical area using an elastomeric mold. The membrane electrode assembly fabricated with patterned Nafion membrane exhibited a high current density.
A fluorescent light-up probe with “AIE + ESIPT” characteristics for specific detection of lysosomal esterase
Authors: Gao Meng , Hu Qinglian , Feng Guangxue , Tang Ben Zhong , Liu Bin
Published: April 2014

Fluorescent light-up probe with “AIE + ESIPT” characteristics for specific detection of lysosomal esterase.
Sirtuin 1 stabilization by HuR represses TNF-α- and glucose-induced E-selectin release and endothelial cell adhesivenessin vitro: relevance to human metabolic syndrome
Authors: Ceolotto Giulio , De Kreutzenberg Saula Vigili , Cattelan Arianna , Fabricio Aline S. C. , Squarcina Elisa , Gion Massimo , Semplicini Andrea , Fadini Gian Paolo , Avogaro Angelo
Published: April 2014

Chronic inflammation and hyperglycaemia, typical features of metabolic diseases, trigger endothelial damage and release of E-selectin, a marker of endothelial activation. In the present study, we investigated molecular pathways involved in the regulation of endothelial cell activation induced by tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and high glucose. In cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), we studied the role of HuR, an ELAV (embryonic lethal, abnormal vision, Drosophila) family RNA-binding protein, and Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) on E-selectin release and cell adhesion at different glucose concentrations. HuR expression and binding to SIRT1 were also analysed ex vivo in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of subjects with and without the metabolic syndrome (MS), by immunoprecipitation (IP) of the ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex. We found that SIRT1 overexpression prevented TNF-α- and high-glucose-dependent nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-p65 acetylation, E-selectin promoter activity, E-selectin release and adhesion of THP-1 cells to HUVECs. The same was mimicked by HuR overexpression, which binds and stabilizes SIRT1 mRNA. Importantly, in PBMCs of individuals with MS compared with those without, SIRT1 expression was lower, and the ability of HuR to bind SIRT1 mRNA was significantly reduced, while plasma E-selectin was increased. We conclude that post-transcriptional stabilization of SIRT1 by HuR represses inflammation- and hyperglycaemia-induced E-selectin release and endothelial cell activation. Therefore, increasing SIRT1 expression represents a strategy to counter the accelerated vascular disease in metabolic disorders.
Comment optimiser la compétence (inter)culturelle des étudiants en traduction
Authors: Peeters Isabelle
Published: April 2014

This article builds a case for a dynamic and flexible translation competence, with several subordinate competence components interacting in different constellations. A core element of the system proposed is (inter)cultural competence, given that poor (inter)cultural background is a common source of problems for translation students. To solve these, efforts are required at different levels, including declarative knowledge, skills and know-how, ‘existential’ competence and the ability to learn. Deficiencies at the level of declarative knowledge are relatively easy to cure. The three other types of competences are much harder to improve as they involve aspects of affect and behaviour. In order to realize these ambitious goals, the present article proposes a very concrete project. By bringing learners in contact with the international art scene in Brussels through work as translators for the Kunstenfestivaldesarts, both their intercultural competence and their motivation is increased. Such an approach breaks with obsolete models of teacher- and text-centred translation education. They are replaced by a learner-centred (inter)active approach and by real-life reception conditions which both stimulate learners and provide them with an opportunity to take their first steps in professional life.
The theme offakhr(self-exaltation) in the translation of Antara’sMu‘allaqa
Authors: Al-Azzam Bakri , Al-Kharabsheh Aladdin
Published: April 2014

This paper investigates the possibility of translating, into English, Antara’s Fakhr (self-exaltation), as a prominent theme in his renowned Mu‘allaqa. The theoretical framework rests on the supposition that a literary work in general and pre-Islamic poetry in particular must be examined within its socio-cultural, spatio-temporal context as a total meaningful structure which entails the semantics and pragmatics of the text.
Examining this theme in three selected translations, the analysis shows that the source text has proved that Fakhr (self-exaltation), as a conventional constituent of Antara’s Mu‘allaqa, presents a remarkable degree of sophistication which poses serious translation challenges.
The discussion also reveals that, owing to the daunting complexity of incongruence and distance between the cultures of the two languages, the translations have only managed to maintain the textual import, but have not satisfactorily captured the socio-cultural denominations and implications, a perceptible translation erroneousness, which impeded straddling the required semantic effect and the required reader’s response in the target language version.
The paper draws the conclusion that the socio-cultural, spatio-temporal context can provide a broader frame of reference for analyzing, interpreting and translating the original Mu‘allaqa in a completely new, contemporary setting of transmission and reception.
Manipulación del género gramatical y sexual en la traducción española de un cuento de Oscar Wilde
Authors: Rojas-Lizana Isolda , Hannah Emily
Published: April 2014

Translation as a cultural process can be used in various ways to suppress or promote ideologies. Within the framework of Critical Studies in Translation, this article examines the presence of the phenomenon of manipulation; that is, deliberate alteration of central topics and messages for ideological purposes, in the Spanish translation of the story The Happy Prince by Oscar Wilde. It proposes that Wilde’s specific intent in using the fairy tale genre to battle heterosexism (the belief that heterosexuality is the only norm) is not transmitted in any of the Spanish versions of the story, since its English publication in 1888 to the twenty-first century.
 The analysis proves that all twelve translations of the story found, included the famous translation by Jorge Luis Borges in 1910, manipulate the sex and sexuality of the characters by taking advantage of the commonly perceived ambiguities between the grammatical and cultural gender in Spanish. This is done in such a way that one of the messages of the story, the redemption of homosexual love and its acceptance by God, is omitted entirely to become, and promote, the standard and conventional view of sexuality that dominates contemporary Western tradition. The article finishes by pointing out the linguistic choices that need to be considered for a new translation of the story and provides the translation of a passage as an example.
Seeking the golden mean:
Authors: Wong Laurence
Published: April 2014

If one is to draw up, in order of usage frequency, a list of words whose authority has most often been invoked in translation studies during the past decades, domestication and foreignizing will most likely appear at the top. When they were first coined or given their new signifiā, these words may well have been applicable to the approaches or strategies used by certain translators in certain periods, certain cultures, or certain parts of the world. One should not, however, be misled into thinking that they are applicable to all translators or all translations, for, apart from the “domesticating” and “foreignizing” approaches or strategies, there is a wide range of other possibilities into which the vast majority of translations can fall, and to which the concepts of “domestication” and “foreignizing” do not apply.
This paper looks at Monkey, Arthur Waley’s English translation of the classical Chinese novel Xi you ji (Journey to the West), and shows how the above-mentioned concepts are not universally relevant, and how the translator, as an empathic and creative mediator, moves freely between the source language / culture and the target language / culture to seek the golden mean with respect to the effectiveness of the translation in artistic and communicative terms, neither “domesticating” nor “foreignizing.”
Construction shifts in translations
Authors: Serbina Tatiana
Published: April 2014

In the present paper the phenomenon of translation shifts is discussed within the theoretical framework of Construction Grammar. It is suggested that viewing linguistic structures of various sizes and levels of abstractness as constructions allows us to better grasp the complexities of the phenomenon of translation shifts. The methodology of studying construction shifts is applied to the analysis of the construction [Subject Verb Direct Object] for the translation direction English-German. The quantitative results have been obtained using the parallel CroCo corpus.
Phonological reduction in the first part of noun compounds
Authors: Stemberger Joseph Paul
Published: April 2014

Regular plural nouns rarely appear as the first member of a compound noun in English under any circumstances, while irregular plurals are more likely under certain conditions. One explanation holds that this is a consequence of the fundamentally different ways in which regular and irregular plurals are stored and processed, while an alternative explanation suggests that it may be rooted in phonological differences between regular and irregular forms. If the first part of a compound is phonologically restricted, the restrictions may interact with lexical access in a way that disfavors regular plurals (especially given that plurals of any sort are of low frequency in the first part of a compound, so processing is far from ceiling). This paper provides evidence from a case study of one child that the first part of a compound can be phonologically restricted compared to nouns when they appear as independent words. The data address compounds whose first elements are monomorphemic nouns, rather than plurals, but document the existence of phonological restrictions within compounds for at least one child This existence proof strengthens the hypothesis that differences between regular and irregular forms may derive partly from differences in phonological structure.
The locus of the masked onset priming effect
Authors: Witzel Naoko , Witzel Jeffrey , Choi Yujeong
Published: April 2014

This study investigates the masked onset priming effect (MOPE) in Korean.
The results revealed facilitated naming for nonwords written in the alphabetic syllabary hangul when primes and targets shared an initial consonant-vowel (CV) syllable as well as when they shared only an initial onset (C) phoneme. However, there was greater priming at the syllable level than at the phoneme level. Taken together with previous research on Korean (Kim & Davis, 2002), these findings indicate that the MOPE reflects facilitated grapheme-to-phoneme conversion processes when the pronunciation of the target is computed through the nonlexical route, and are interpreted to support the Forster and Davis (1991) model of this effect.
The reversal of the BÄREN-BEEREN merger in Austrian Standard German
Authors: Sloos Marjoleine
Published: April 2014

In language change, a reversal of a merger is generally considered to be impossible, since after two sounds have become fully merged, they are no longer distinct, so no phonetic or phonological cues exist that could reverse this process. This article investigates such an ‘impossible’ merger reversal: the split of Bären vowel (orthographically represented by <ä> or <äh>) and the Beeren vowel (orthographically represented by ,  or  in Austrian Standard German. We investigated a corpus of spoken data, measured the acoustic properties of the vowels, and determined the degree of the merger (by computing Pillai scores) for younger and older speakers. It turns out that the two sounds were formerly merged, but currently a split can be observed as an ongoing process. This paper argues that language contact with Standard German as it is spoken in Germany motivates the ongoing reversal. Since the long vowel <ä> is also subject to substantial variation in German Standard German, in order to get the split right, Austrian speakers are likely to invoke orthographical knowledge. We will consider the mental representations of this sound, including the graphemic representations from an Exemplar Theory viewpoint.
Records of Catholic Musicians, Actors and Dancers at the Court of August II, 1723–32: the Establishment of the Catholic Cemetery in Dresden
Authors: Ágústsson Jóhannes , Stockigt Janice B.
Published: April 2014

In 1724 a cemetery was established at Neustadt Ostra (today Friedrichstadt, Alt Dresden) for the burial of Catholic members who served at the Dresden court of Saxon Elector Friedrich August I (‘der Starke’: as King of Poland known as August II). Between 1723 and 1732 annual lists were compiled of these Catholic employees, their family members and servants, by the Royal Polish and Saxon Electoral office of the Court Marshal. These chronicles, which function as a type of census, give details of Catholic artists affiliated with the Dresden court. Listed are those who were eligible to be buried in the Catholic cemetery. Included are complete lists of the families and households of Catholic members of the Italian and French ensembles of actors, dancers and musicians (the Italienische Comoedianten and Französische Comoedianten und Tänzer), of the Catholic musicians of Dresden's outstanding Capelle (also known as the Hofkapelle), and of the young choristers (mostly from Bohemia) who performed the usual music in the Catholic court church of Dresden. Additional information becomes available about the throng of outstanding performing artists from throughout Europe who came to serve at the court of a charismatic ruler, one whose taste made Dresden one of the most brilliant artistic centres of the age.
Introduction to “A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals: 2014 Updates”
Authors: Yokoe Deborah S. , Anderson Deverick J. , Berenholtz Sean M. , Calfee David P. , Dubberke Erik R. , Ellingson Katherine , Gerding Dale N. , Haas Janet , Kaye Keith S. , Klompas Michael , Lo Evelyn , Marschall Jonas , Mermel Leonard A. , Nicolle Lindsay , Salgado Cassandra , Bryant Kristina , Classen David , Crist Katrina , Foster Nancy , Humphreys Eve , Padberg Jennifer , Podgorny Kelly , VanAmringe Margaret , Weaver Tom , Wise Robert , Maragakis Lisa L.
Published: April 2014

Since the publication of “A Compendium of Strategies to Prevent Healthcare-Associated Infections in Acute Care Hospitals” in 2008, prevention of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) has become a national priority. Despite improvements, preventable HAIs continue to occur. The 2014 updates to the Compendium were created to provide acute care hospitals with up-to-date, practical, expert guidance to assist in prioritizing and implementing their HAI prevention efforts. It is the product of a highly collaborative effort led by the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA), the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA), the American Hospital Association (AHA), the Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology (APIC), and The Joint Commission, with major contributions from representatives of a number of organizations and societies with content expertise, including the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the Institute for Healthcare Improvement (IHI), the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society (PIDS), the Society for Critical Care Medicine (SCCM), the Society for Hospital Medicine (SHM), and the Surgical Infection Society (SIS).
The Evolving Landscape of Healthcare-Associated Infections: Recent Advances in Prevention and a Road Map for Research
Authors: Safdar Nasia , Anderson Deverick J. , Braun Barbara I. , Carling Philip , Cohen Stuart , Donskey Curtis , Drees Marci , Harris Anthony , Henderson David K. , Huang Susan S. , Juthani-Mehta Manisha , Lautenbach Ebbing , Linkin Darren R. , Meddings Jennifer , Miller Loren G. , Milstone Aaron , Morgan Daniel , Sengupta Sharmila , Varman Meera , Yokoe Deborah , Zerr Danielle M. ,   on behalf of the Research Committee of the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America
Published: April 2014

This white paper identifies knowledge gaps and new challenges in healthcare epidemiology research, assesses the progress made toward addressing research priorities, provides the Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Research Committee's recommendations for high-priority research topics, and proposes a road map for making progress toward these goals. It updates the 2010 SHEA Research Committee document, “Charting the Course for the Future of Science in Healthcare Epidemiology: Results of a Survey of the Membership of SHEA,” which called for a national approach to healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and a prioritized research agenda. This paper highlights recent studies that have advanced our understanding of HAIs, the establishment of the SHEA Research Network as a collaborative infrastructure to address research questions, prevention initiatives at state and national levels, changes in reporting and payment requirements, and new patterns in antimicrobial resistance.
Extraintestinal Manifestations in Children With Gastrointestinal Food Allergy
Authors: Domínguez‐Ortega G. , Borrelli O. , Meyer R. , Dziubak R. , De Koker C. , Godwin H. , Fleming C. , Thapar N. , Elawad M. , Kiparissi F. , Fox A.T. , Shah N.
Published: April 2014

Objectives:

The presence of extraintestinal manifestations (EIM) in children with gastrointestinal (GI) food allergy (GIFA) is greatly debated. In the present study we assessed the prevalence of EIM in children with GIFA and investigated whether their presence is helpful in the allergy‐focused history‐taking process.

Methods:

The medical records of all children with a proven diagnosis of GIFA were reviewed along with those of children diagnosed as having inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) as controls. Data regarding age at onset, age at diagnosis, atopic family history, atopic comorbidities, GI symptoms, and EIM were recorded.

Results:

Data from 436 children with GIFA and 74 children with IBD were included in the analysis. EIM were documented in 368 children with GIFA, including fatigue (53.0%), allergic shiners (49.1%), mouth ulcers (39.0%), joint pain/hypermobility (35.8%), poor sleep (34.4%), night sweats (34.4%), headache (22.7%), and bed‐wetting (17.7%). The proportion of patients with EIM was higher in the GIFA group compared with that in the IBD group (368/436 [84.4%] vs 40/74 [54.1%]; P < 0.001). Segregating the GIFA group into children with and without atopic comorbidities, both atopic (276/30; 89.9%) and nonatopic (93/130; 71.5%) children showed higher proportion of EIM than children with IBD ([40/74; 54.1%], P < 0.01 and <0.05, respectively).

Conclusions:

GIFA are commonly associated with a wide range of EIM, which appear to represent important and specific clinical features of this group of conditions. Their recognition in taking an allergy‐focused history may play an important role for both diagnosis and management.
Body Mass Index and Waist Circumference of HIV‐Infected Youth in a Miami Cohort
Authors: Arbeitman Lori E. , O'Brien Robert C. , Somarriba Gabriel , Messiah Sarah E. , Neri Daniela , Scott Gwendolyn B. , Miller Tracie L.
Published: April 2014

Objectives:

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected youth are healthier because of effective antiretroviral therapies. We compared anthropometric measurements and prevalence of overweight and obesity between perinatally HIV‐infected youth, a local HIV‐uninfected comparison group, and 2007 to 2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data. In addition, we compared only African American HIV‐infected youth with NHANES African Americans.

Methods:

Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) of HIV‐infected youth, aged 10 to 19 years, were compared among groups. BMI percentiles were categorized as underweight (<5%), normal (5% to <85%), overweight (85% to <95%), and obese (≥95%). Clinical correlates were modeled as predictors of BMI and WC.

Results:

A total of 134 HIV‐infected (including 103 African Americans) (mean age 16.5 years), 75 HIV‐uninfected (mean age 14.2 years), and 3216 NHANES (including 771 NHANES African Americans) (mean age 15.0 years) youth were included in the analysis. Height and weight z scores of HIV‐infected youth were lower than those of HIV‐uninfected and NHANES (P ≤ 0.056) youth. BMI, WC, and BMI category were not statistically different between groups. In the HIV‐infected African American group, BMI z score was lower (0.49 vs 0.76, P = 0.04) compared with NHANES African Americans. There were no significant predictors of BMI or WC for the HIV‐infected group.

Conclusions:

HIV‐infected children have similar BMIs and WCs as uninfected children both locally and nationally and show similar high rates of obesity and overweight. When compared with a more racially similar African American national sample, HIV‐infected children have a lower BMI, suggesting that there may be persistent anthropometric differences in HIV.
SplitMEM: Graphical pan-genome analysis with suffix skips
Authors: Marcus Shoshana , Lee Hayan , Schatz Michael
Published: April 2014

Motivation: With the rise of improved sequencing technologies, genomics is expanding from a single reference per species paradigm into a more comprehensive pan-genome approach with multiple individuals represented and analyzed together. One of the most sophisticated data structures for representing an entire population of genomes is a compressed de Bruijn graph. The graph structure can robustly represent simple SNPs to complex structural variations far beyond what can be done from linear sequences alone. As such there is a strong need to develop algorithms that can efficiently construct and analyze these graphs. Results: In this paper we explore the deep topological relationships between the suffix tree and the compressed de Bruijn graph. We introduce a novel O(n log n) time and space algorithm called splitMEM, that directly constructs the compressed de Bruijn graph for a pan-genome of total length n. To achieve this time complexity, we augment the suffix tree with suffix skips, a new construct that allows us to traverse several suffix links in constant time, and use them to efficiently decompose maximal exact matches (MEMs) into the graph nodes. We demonstrate the utility of splitMEM by analyzing the pan- genomes of 9 strains of Bacillus anthracis and 9 strains of Escherichia coli to reveal the properties of their core genomes. Availability: The source code and documentation are available open- source at http://splitmem.sourceforge.net
Macromolecular crystallography beamline X25 at the NSLS
Authors: Héroux Annie , Allaire Marc , Buono Richard , Cowan Matthew L. , Dvorak Joseph , Flaks Leon , LaMarra Steven , Myers Stuart F. , Orville Allen M. , Robinson Howard H. , Roessler Christian G. , Schneider Dieter K. , Shea-McCarthy Grace , Skinner John M. , Skinner Michael , Soares Alexei S. , Sweet Robert M. , Berman Lonny E.
Published: April 2014

Beamline X25 at the NSLS is one of the five beamlines dedicated to macromolecular crystallography operated by the Brookhaven National Laboratory Macromolecular Crystallography Research Resource group. This mini-gap insertion-device beamline has seen constant upgrades for the last seven years in order to achieve mini-beam capability down to 20 µm × 20 µm. All major components beginning with the radiation source, and continuing along the beamline and its experimental hutch, have changed to produce a state-of-the-art facility for the scientific community.