bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ROLE OF CASH WAQFS ON EDUCATION FOUNDED BY WOMEN IN RUMELIA
Authors: ADEMİ Rahman
Published: July 2018

In the Ottoman Empire, waqfs were non-profit organizations which were established to meet the basic needs of the Ottoman society in the fields of religion, education, culture and health. In conjunction with requirements of the time, waqfs became the financial source of economic and commercial life in the 16th century after they became prominent with debates in the society and with religious permission of Sheik al-Islam and approval of the Sultan. Although waqfs and cash waqfs were not able to solve the inequality in distribution of income, which existed much or less, they played a vital role in terms of keeping it at the level of society’s limit of tolerance. In addition to Ottoman men who were chief actors and main bearers of the waqf institutions, Ottoman women fulfilled their duty on this matter properly as well. In addition to the Sultan and other members of dynasty who tried to meet the needs of society in accordance with the Turkish tradition, high rank Ottoman bureaucrats and their families pioneered the establishment of cash waqfs. Waqfs, especially cash waqfs were founded by women in the Ottoman Rumelia region to support education. In this study, 11 waqfiyahs, which were not published before and belonged to the period from the second half of 16th century to the beginning of the 20th, century will be examined.
BİR MİKROFİNANS MODELİ OLARAK OSMANLI PARA VAKIFLARININ KARŞILAŞTIRMALI ANALİZİ: EDİRNE, FİLİBE, SELANİK, TEKİRDAĞ VE ÜSKÜP PARA VAKIFLARI
Authors: Tuğrul Mehmet , Bulut Mehmet
Published: July 2018

Balkan şehirlerinin, 1300’lü yıllardan itibaren Osmanlılar tarafından fethiyle birlikte, sosyal, ekonomik, idari vb. açılardan hızlı bir gelişme gösterdikleri çeşitli çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Balkan şehirlerinin gelişiminin gözlemlenmesinde en önemli veriler vakıflar ve vakfiyeler aracılığıyla elde edilmektedir. Hanların, kervansarayların inşasında ve işletilmesinde, küçük ya da büyük müteşebbislerin desteklenmesinde, mudaraba ortaklıklarının oluşmasında ve bunun gibi birçok ekonomik faaliyetin inkişafında, vakıfların bir uygulaması olan para vakıflarının önemli rolü olmuştur. Yukarıda bahsi geçen gelişmelerin izlenebilmesi için, VGM Arşivi’nde ve şer’iyye sicillerinde bulunan vakfiyelerinden hareketle, Bulgaristan’ın Filibe, Makedonya’nın Üsküp, Yunanistan’ın Selanik ve Türkiye’den de Edirne, Tekirdağ gibi önemli Osmanlı Balkan şehirlerinde kurulmuş para vakıflarının mikrofinans modeli olarak karşılaştırmalı analizi yapılacaktır.
Long time behaviour of parabolic equations in time-dependent growing domains
Authors: Guesmia Senoussi , Harkat Soumia
Published: July 2018

In this paper, we study the large time behaviour of the solution to parabolic problems defined on noncylindrical domains becoming unbounded in many directions when t tends to infinity. That is to say, the state variable domains are also becoming unbounded when [Formula: see text]. Since the steady state problem is elliptic and defined on unbounded domains we need to define in which sense the solution is understood and to deal with its existence. The convergence and its rate are also investigated with respect to the growth rate of the domain when [Formula: see text]. As the convergence cannot be expected on the whole domain, correctors are built to describe the asymptotic behaviour in the distant regions.
Association of Body Mass Index with In-Hospital Left Ventricular Failure after Percutaneous Coronary Interventions
Authors: Siddiqui Mohammad Khalilur Rahman , Karmakar Pradip Kumar , Nabi Shaila , Hossain Mohammad Anowar , Faroque Shahid Mohammad Omar , Khuda Chowdhury Md Kudrat E , Karmaker Pranob , Datta Ratan Kumar , Ahsan Mohammad Morshedul , Khan Md Monir Hossain
Published: July 2018

Background: Obesity is an independent cardiovascular risk factor. The most common anthropometric measurement used to quantify obesity is body mass index (BMI). Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is associated with various types of complications. The relationship between BMI and in-hospital complications particularly left ventricular failure (LVF) after PCI has not been thoroughly investigated, especially in Bangladesh.Methods: This cross sectional observational study was conducted at National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, on total 100 patients who underwent PCI with two equally divided groups on the basis of BMI of Asian ethnicity: Group I (BMI < 23 kg/m2) and Group II (BMI e” 23.0 kg/m2). In-hospital LVF after PCI were observed and recorded.Results: The mean BMI of study population was 23.9 ± 1.9 kg/m2. The sum of occurrence of adverse in-hospital outcomes was 14.0%. Complications were significantly (p < 0.01) higher in Group I than Group II. Among all adverse in-hospital outcomes, only acute left ventricular failure was found to be statistically significant between groups (p < 0.01). The difference of mean duration of hospital stay after PCI was higher in Group-I which was statistically significant (p < 0.01). Diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia were found to be the independent predictors for developing adverse inhospital outcome (OR= 1.68 and 1.46; 95% CI = 1.25 – 2.24 and 1.16 – 1.83; p = 0.018 and 0.040, respectively). BMI was inversely associated with in-hospital outcomes after PCI (OR = 0.95; 95% CI = 0.91 – 0.98; p = 0.007).Conclusion: BMI is inversely associated with in-hospital LVF after PCI. The underweight and normal weight people are at greater risk to experience in-hospital LVF than overweight and obese people following PCI.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2018; 33(1) : 39-46
Role of Heparin in Arterial Line Flushing Solution on Platelet Count and Indwelling Arterial Catheter Patency after Cardiac Valvular Surgery
Authors: Hossain Md Anwar , Alam Mohammad Jahangir , Begum Razia , Sarker Rampada , Ahmed Imran , Reza Md Mohashin
Published: July 2018

Background: Heparin can cause thrombocytopenia but what is it’s effect on platelet when used in solution for flushing indwelling arterial catheter is not clear. This study was designed to find out any effect of heparin on platelet count and to see the efficacy of normal solution as flushing solution.Method:This was a prospective randomized comparative clinical trial in the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery of National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital, Sher - e - Banglanagar, Dhaka,Bangladesh during the period from july 2016 to june 2017. Total sixty patients who underwent single valve replacement surgery were divided into two groups and were evaluated for heparin effect and compared for arterial catheter patency rate.Results: Platelet count on third postoperative day is 226517+- 60185/ml and 245957+-52826/ml in heparinized flush solution and normal saline flush solution group respectively. The difference of mean is not significant with p value 0.188. Arterial catheter patency rate was 50.0% in heparinized flush solution group and 43.3% in normal saline flush solution group on third postoperative day which signifies no difference between the groups with p value 0.607.Conclusion: The use of heparin in normal saline in continuous flushing devices for an arterial catheter does not significantly reduce platelet counts in cardiac valve surgery patients in comparison to normal saline. It seems that there is no difference in the use of heparinized and normal saline solutions to maintain indwelling arterial catheter patent.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2018; 33(1) : 61-66
Effect of Pre-operative Amiodarone on Atrial Fibrillation after Off-Pump Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery
Authors: Alam AKM Manzurul , Ahmed Istiaq , Ahmad Manzil , Hossain Abdullah Al Mamun , Reza Md Mohashin , Rahman Mizanur , Rony Muzibur Rahman , Ahmed SM Parvez
Published: July 2018

Background: Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is common in early recovery period after cardio-thoracic surgery. There have been several pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies suggested for prevention against AF after coronary artery bypass grafting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral amiodarone in the prevention of atrial fibrillation in patients who underwent off pump coronary artery bypass graft (OPCAB).Methods: This interventional study was conducted from February 2017 to January 2018 in the department of cardiac surgery, National Institute of Cardiovascular Disease (NICVD) Dhaka, Bangladesh. By purposive sampling a total of 100 patients having sinus rhythm who will undergo OPCAB were selected for the study. Among them 50 patients (Group-A) got amiodarone (600mg/day started 3 days prior to surgery) and 50 patients (Group-B) did not get amiodarone. Two (2) patients of group-A were excluded from the study due to conversion to on pump from off pump during operation. So, finally group A had 48 patients and group- B had 50 patients. Preoperative electrocardiography (ECG), serum electrolytes (e.g. potassium & magnesium), thyroid function test, liver function test and echocardiogram were done in all patients under study. Per-operative occurrence of AF was assessed on operation theatre monitor. Each patient was evaluated by continuous ECG up to 5th post-operative day (POD). Serum potassium & magnesium were measured in every alternative day up to 5th POD. ECG with long lead tracing was done for all patients on the day of hospital discharge & was recorded. Data were analyzed by SPSS 24.0 (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) and tested by student T-test and Chi-square test. P < 0.05 was considered significant.Results: Pre-operative baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Per-operative and postoperative AF occurred more frequently in group B than group A. Those were 10(20.83%) and 32(64.0%) peroperative, 9(18.75%) and 31(36.0%) immediate postoperative period respectively in group A and group B. The result was statistically significant (P value<.05). Post-operative amiodarone used in all patients who developed AF irrespective of groups. This also decreased AF significantly. There were statistically no significant difference found in postoperative serum electrolytes and use of inotropes, anti-arrhythmic drugs. All patients recovered well.Conclusion: This study concluded that preoperative oral administration of amiodarone can prevent the occurrence of atrial fibrillation in patients undergone Off Pump Coronary Artery Bypass (OPCAB).Bangladesh Heart Journal 2018; 33(1) : 67-73
Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura in Patients with Ischaemic Heart Disease - A Therapeutic Challenge
Authors: Islam AKM Monwarul , Ahmed Tanveer , Shimu Ishrat Jahan , Nahar Samsun , Rahman Mohammad Arifur , Rahman Afzalur
Published: July 2018

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) and myocardial infarction (MI) in an individual patient is a rare combination. MI mandates thrombolytic and antiplatelet therapy which increases the risk of bleeding in ITP. So far, no guideline deals with management protocol for ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in ITP patients. Here, we describe 2 cases of IHD who developed ITP while on antiplatelet therapy.Bangladesh Heart Journal 2018; 33(1) : 74-77
Recent Change in Management Pattern of Meconium Ileus at Dhaka Shishu Hospital
Authors: Ferdous Kazi Md Noor ul , Hasan Md Samiul , Nabi Ashfaq , Hossain Md Arman , Islam M Kabirul , Banu Tahmina
Published: July 2018

Background : Meconium Ileus (MI) accounting for 9–33% of neonatal intestinal obstruction and one of the common cause of intestinal obstruction in neonate. Near about 50% can be present with various complications. Options for surgical management of MI include resection of dilated ileum with primary anastomosis, Bishop–Koop ileostomy, Santulli procedure or Mikulicz procedure and T tube ileostomy. In our center, before January 2015, mostly Mikulicz and few Bishop- Koop procedures were done for MI. But, the complications were high. From 2015, we started to perform T tube ileostomy and Bishop-Koop procedure in simple MI. In complicated cases Mikulicz and Bishop-Koop procedure were done and the scenario changed. This study was done to compare the outcome of MI surgery before and after January 2015.Methods: This was a retrospective study done in our center during January 2011 to December, 2016 (5 years). All cases were divided into two groups (Group-A: January 2011 to December 2014 and in Group-B: January 2015 to December 2016). Demographic data and surgical outcomes were compared.Results: Total 216 cases were included, in Group-A: 123 patients and others were in Group- B. Simple MI were 49% in Group-A and 56% were in Group-B. Complicated MI presented with small gut volvulus (43.3%) gangrene of loaded ileum (32.2%) perforation with peritonitis (37.8%) intestinal atresia with adhesions (16.3%) and meconium pseudocysts in 12 cases (16%). 11 patients had more than one complication. All the postoperative complications were found significantly high in Group-A except anastomotic leakage. Mortality was also significantly high in Group-A.Conclusion: Morbidity and mortality were significantly reduced with increasing practice of T tube ileostomy and Bishop-Koop procedure in simple and complicated Meconium ileus.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (2); July 2017; Page 5-8
Conversion as metonymy
Authors: Bauer Laurie
Published: July 2018

This paper considers the notion that conversion should be viewed as being metonymical, which is well-established in Cognitive Linguistics. Against the background of the wider discussion of metonymy in word-formation, criteria for distinguishing derivation from figurative extension are proposed, criteria which support the notion of conversion as being metonymical, despite the fact that change from one lexeme to another is not typical of figurative readings. Such a conclusion raises other questions about the role of metonymy in word-formation.
Tracking Cell Recruitment and Behavior within the Tumor Microenvironment Using Advanced Intravital Imaging Approaches
Authors: Turk Madison , Naumenko Victor , Mahoney Douglas J. , Jenne Craig N.
Published: July 2018

Recent advances in imaging technology have made it possible to track cellular recruitment and behavior within the vasculature of living animals in real-time. Using approaches such as resonant scanning confocal and multiphoton intravital microscopy (IVM), we are now able to observe cells within the intact tumor microenvironment of a mouse. We are able to follow these cells for extended periods of time (hours) and can characterize how specific cell types (T cells, neutrophils, monocytes) interact with the tumor vasculature and cancer cells. This approach provides greater insight into specific cellular behaviors and cell–cell interactions than conventional techniques such as histology and flow cytometry. In this report, we describe the surgical preparation of animals to expose the tumor and both resonant scanning confocal and multiphoton imaging approaches used to track leukocyte recruitment, adhesion, and behavior within the tumor microenvironment. We present techniques for the measurement and quantification of leukocyte behavior within the bloodstream and tumor interstitium. The use of IVM to study leukocyte behavior within the tumor microenvironment provides key information not attainable with other approaches, that will help shape the development of better, more effective anticancer drugs and therapeutic approaches.
A Low Hardware Consumption Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Architecture over GF(p) in Embedded Application
Authors: Hu Xianghong , Zheng Xin , Zhang Shengshi , Cai Shuting , Xiong Xiaoming
Published: July 2018

In this paper, a low hardware consumption design of elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) over GF(p) in embedded applications is proposed. The adder-based architecture is explored to reduce the hardware consumption of performing scalar multiplication (SM). The Interleaved Modular Multiplication Algorithm and Binary Modular Inversion Algorithm are improved and implemented with two full-word adder units. The full-word register units for data storage are also optimized. The design is based on two full-word adder units and twelve full-word register units of pipeline structure and was implemented on Xilinx Virtex-4 platform. Design Compiler is used to synthesized the proposed architecture with 0.13 μm CMOS standard cell library. For 160, 192, 224, 256 field order, the proposed architecture consumes 5595, 7080, 8423, 9370 slices, respectively, and saves 17.58∼54.93% slice resources on FPGA platform when compared with other design architectures. The synthesized result uses 35.43 k, 43.37 k, 50.38 k, 57.05 k gate area and saves 52.56∼91.34% in terms of gate count in comparison. The design takes 2.56∼4.07 ms to perform SM operation over different field order under 150 MHz frequency. The proposed architecture is safe from simple power analysis (SPA). Thus, it is a good choice for embedded applications.
PaddyCheck—An Instrument for Rice Quality Determination
Authors: Purhagen Jeanette , Loosme Raivo , Wihlborg Nils , Fjällström Jenny , Åberg Peter , Andrén Henrik , Wihlborg Gunnel , Mikaelsson Torbjörn , Lagerholm Martin , Lindwall Frans
Published: July 2018

Several of the rice quality parameters are nowadays determined manually or partly manually, which leads to subjective results. In order to analyse the rice quality and avoid most of the manual handling, the PaddyCheck instrument was mainly developed to measure the paddy/rough rice kernels. However, the design and technique of the instrument are also suitable for brown rice kernels. The PaddyCheck instrument measures the physical properties of the rice kernels as well as texture properties and translucency. Initial calibrations have been developed to correlate these properties with the Head Rice Yield and Chalkiness, which are two of the most common and important quality parameters for rice.
Inventions and Innovations in Preclinical Platforms for Cancer Research
Authors: Moshksayan Khashayar , Kashaninejad Navid , Saidi Mohammad Said
Published: July 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) cell culture systems can be regarded as suitable platforms to bridge the huge gap between animal studies and two-dimensional (2D) monolayer cell culture to study chronic diseases such as cancer. In particular, the preclinical platforms for multicellular spheroid formation and culture can be regarded as ideal in vitro tumour models. The complex tumour microenvironment such as hypoxic region and necrotic core can be recapitulated in 3D spheroid configuration. Cells aggregated in spheroid structures can better illustrate the performance of anti-cancer drugs as well. Various methods have been proposed so far to create such 3D spheroid aggregations. Both conventional techniques and microfluidic methods can be used for generation of multicellular spheroids. In this review paper, we first discuss various spheroid formation phases. Then, the conventional spheroid formation techniques such as bioreactor flasks, liquid overlay and hanging droplet technique are explained. Next, a particular topic of the hydrogel in spheroid formation and culture is explored. This topic has received less attention in the literature. Hydrogels entail some advantages to the spheroid formation and culture such as size uniformity, the formation of porous spheroids or hetero-spheroids as well as chemosensitivity and invasion assays and protecting from shear stress. Finally, microfluidic methods for spheroid formation and culture are briefly reviewed.
Analysis of antidepressant prescribing tendencies in Lithuania in 2003–2004
Authors: Jakimavičius Mantas , Sveikata Audrius , Vainauskas Paulius , Jankūnas Rimas , Mikučionytė Loreta , Sapolienė Agnė , Šmigelskas Kastytis
Published: July 2018

Depression is one of the leading causes of disability worldwide, affecting 121 million people in whole world. In many developed countries, the number of prescriptions for antidepressants increased steeply during the 1990s. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the antidepressant prescribing patterns in all regions of Lithuania during 2003–2004, to analyze the use within different antidepressant groups, and to examine trends in age- and gender-specific antidepressant use. Antidepressants were classified into three groups according to Anatomic Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification specifying the defined daily doses. The results of our study show an increase in the use of reimbursed antidepressants except tricyclic in 2004 when compared to 2003. Increase in the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other nontricyclic antidepressants is probably related to their better tolerability, improved risk-benefit ratio, and less toxicity in overdose. There was no increase in the percentage of consumed selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in elderly patients when compared with younger ones, despite elderly patients are most likely to benefit from reduced sedation, less antimuscarinic and less cardiac toxicity of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. The prevalence of the antidepressant use is the highest among middle-aged people (40–59 years), while the young (under 20) and elderly (older than 70) patients receive mostly selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Additional studies should be carried out in order to assess drug-prescribing patterns in accordance with the guidelines of depression treatment in Lithuania considering diagnosis, dosage, and duration of treatment.
Acute right ventricular failure
Authors: Reingardienė Dagmara
Published: July 2018

Acute right ventricular failure is a syndrome, which is related to pulmonary and right heart dysfunction. It may occur with or without cardiopulmonary pathologies. It is often life threatening and requires early recognition and urgent treatment. In this review article, precipitating factors for right ventricular failure and its pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical picture and hemodynamic manifestations, the principles of the management of acute right ventricular failure (optimization of preload, increase in cardiac output, specific pulmonary vascular vasodilators, problems of mechanical ventilations, etc.) are discussed.
Heart fibroma: an unusual cause of ventricular tachycardia in a child
Authors: Kaminskaitė Irma , Bakšienė Dalia , Žėbienė Migla , Kasparavičienė Jūratė
Published: July 2018

Ventricular tachycardia with underlying structural heart disease is a potential dangerous pathology in children. In most cases, ventricular tachycardia occurs after ventricular surgery for congenital anomalies. Ventricular tachycardia associated with primary heart tumors is extremely rare. A 4-year-boy presented with primary heart tumor, fibroma, manifesting as ventricular tachycardia. Manifestation of the disease was ventricular tachycardia. The complete resection of the tumor was performed successfully. The diagnosis was confirmed histologically.
Evaluation of biologically active compounds in roots and rhizomes of Rhodiola rosea L. cultivated in Lithuania
Authors: Kučinskaitė Agnė , Pobłocka-Olech Loretta , Krauze-Baranowska Mirosława , Sznitowska Małgorzata , Savickas Arūnas , Briedis Vitalis
Published: July 2018

Salidroside and rosavins (rosavin, rosarin, and rosin), biologically active compounds of Rhodiola rosea L., were analyzed in dried roots and rhizomes of the plants cultivated in Lithuania and naturally growing in Altai geographical region in Russian Federation. The quantitative analysis of the aqueous-ethanolic extracts prepared by percolation was performed employing solid-phase extraction and thin-layer chromatography followed by densitometric determination. Similar amounts of salidroside were found in the extracts (1.35–1.62 mg/mL), irrespective of the origin of the crude plant; however, the differences in the profile of rosavins were substantial with higher content of total rosavins in the extracts obtained from the plant cultivated in Lithuania (7.4 vs. 4.2 mg/mL). It was demonstrated that extracts prepared with 70% (v/v) ethanol contained low concentration of salidroside (0.16–0.17 mg/mL), while the extraction of rosavins with 70% (v/v) ethanol was more efficient compared to 40% (v/v) ethanol.
Risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Lithuanian rural population: CINDI survey 2007
Authors: Grabauskas Vilius , Klumbienė Jūratė , Petkevičienė Janina , Petrauskienė Aušra , Tamošiūnas Abdonas , Kriaučionienė Vilma , Ramazauskienė Vitalija
Published: July 2018

The aim of the study was to assess the risk profile for noncommunicable diseases in Lithuanian rural population. Material and methods. Within CINDI program, the risk factor survey was carried out in five rural regions of Lithuania in random sample of population aged 25–64 years in 2007. The risk factors were defined according to the WHO criteria. A total of 1739 participants were enrolled in the study. Results. The prevalence of hypertension was considerably higher among men than among women (60.3% and 44.6%, respectively). Hypercholesterolemia was identified in half of examined persons with no gender difference. The proportion of obese female persons was greater than male. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 15.1% of men and in 21.5% of women. The significant gender difference was observed in the prevalence of regular smoking (47.5% in men and 18.1% in women) as well as risky alcohol consumption (26.7% of men and 3.1% of women). The majority of rural population was lacking leisure-time physical activity. The prevalence of hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, obesity, and metabolic syndrome was increasing with age in both men and women. Regular smoking and risky alcohol consumption were more common among younger than older population. Leisure-time physical activity tended to increase with age. Conclusions. The prevalence of risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in Lithuanian rural population is high. The obtained data prove that comprehensive and intersectorial preventive actions aimed at the reduction in the risk of noncommunicable diseases are urgently needed in Lithuania.
The center of the human porta hepatis
Authors: Rutkauskas Saulius , Gedrimas Vytautas , Čičinskas Tomas , Savulis Aurimas , Basevičius Algidas
Published: July 2018

Majority of interventional procedures are made at the porta hepatis, which has a different location on the visceral surface of the liver. Objective. To describe the location of the porta hepatis in respect of the borders of the visceral surface and separate lobes of the liver. Material and methods. Sixty-four human livers were obtained at autopsy (mean age, 45 years). We chose the point of the crossing of longitudinal and transversal lines of the porta hepatis, which was considered as center of the porta hepatis. The distances from the center of the porta hepatis to the border of the visceral surface every 10 degrees with protractor and ruler and the angles of anatomical structures were measured. Additionally, the borders of lobes were assessed. Results. We found that center of the porta hepatis is located approximately 11.6±2.8 cm from the border of the visceral liver surface. The location of center of the porta hepatis was 11.6±1.1 cm from the border of left lobe, 9.7±1.5 cm from the border of quadrate lobe, 12.3±1.2 cm from the border of right lobe, and 7.4±1.0 cm from the border of caudate lobe. All distances were statistically significant (P<0.05). An angle of the fissure for round ligament was 50.5°, of the fossa of gallbladder – 102°, of the groove of vena cava inferior – 266°, and of the fissure for ligamentum venosum – 293°. The borders of the right, left, quadrate, and caudate liver lobe covered 45.6%, 32.6%, 14.3%, and 7.5% of the perimeter of visceral surface border, respectively. Conclusions. The center of the porta hepatis can help to characterize precisely the position of the porta hepatis on the visceral surface of the liver.
Isoflavones Production and Possible Mechanism of Their Exudation in Genista tinctoria L. Suspension Culture after Treatment with Vanadium Compounds
Authors: Skalicky Milan , Kubes Jan , Hejnak Vaclav , Tumova Lenka , Martinkova Jaroslava , Martin Jan , Hnilickova Helena
Published: July 2018

The family Fabaceae traditionally serves as a food and herbal remedies source. Certain plants serve for treatment of menopausal symptoms based on a presence of typical secondary metabolites, isoflavones. Beside soybean and clovers, other plants or cultures in vitro can produce these molecules. A cultivation in vitro can be enhanced by elicitation that stimulates metabolites biosynthesis via stress reaction. Vanadium compounds have been already described as potential elicitors, and the aim of this study was to determine the impact of NH4VO3 and VOSO4 solutions on isoflavones production in Genista tinctoria L. cell cultures. The significant increase of isoflavones content, such as genistin, genistein, or formononetin, was measured in a nutrient medium or dry mass after NH4VO3 treatment for 24 or 48 h. The possible transport mechanism of isoflavones release as a result of elicitation was further evaluated. An incubation with different transport inhibitors prior to elicitation took effect on isoflavones content in the medium. However, there was a non-ended result for particular metabolites such as genistein and daidzein, where ATP-binding cassette (ABC) or, alternatively, multidrug and toxin extrusion (MATE) proteins can participate. Possible elicitation by some inhibitors was discussed as a result of their pleiotropic effect. Despite this outcome, the determination of the transport mechanism is an important step for identification of the specific transporter.
Chalcone Derivatives Enhance ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters A1 in Human THP-1 Macrophages
Authors: Teng I-Jou , Tsai Min-Chien , Shih Shao-Fu , Tsuei Bi-Feng , Chang Hsin , Chuang Yi-Ping , Lin Chin-Sheng , Chern Ching-Yuh , Chen Sy-Jou
Published: July 2018

Atherosclerosis is a process of imbalanced lipid metabolism in the vascular walls. The underlying pathology mainly involves the deposition of oxidized lipids in the endothelium and the accumulation of cholesterol in macrophages. Macrophages export excessive cholesterol (cholesterol efflux) through ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) to counter the progression of atherosclerosis. We synthesized novel chalcone derivatives and assessed their effects and the underlying mechanisms on ABCA1 expression in macrophages. Human THP-1 macrophages were treated with synthetic chalcone derivatives for 24 h. In Western blot and flow cytometry analyses, a chalcone derivative, (E)-1-(3,4-diisopropoxyphenyl)-3-(4-isopropoxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop- 2-en-1-one (1m), was observed to significantly enhance ABCA1 protein expression in THP-1 cells (10 µM, 24 h). Levels of mRNA of ABCA1 and liver X receptor alpha (LXRα) were quantified using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction technique and were found to be significantly increased after treatment with the novel chalcone derivative 1m. Several microRNAs, including miR155, miR758, miR10b, miR145, miR33, and miR106b, which functionally inhibit ABCA1 expression were suppressed after treatment with 1m. Collectively, 1m increases ABCA1 expression in human THP-1 macrophages. The mechanisms involve the activation of the LXRα-ABCA1 pathway and suppression of certain microRNAs that regulate ABCA1 expression.
Action Potential Firing Induces Sodium Transients in Macroglial Cells of the Mouse Corpus Callosum
Authors: Moshrefi-Ravasdjani Behrouz , Ziemens Daniel , Pape Nils , Färfers Marcel , Rose Christine
Published: July 2018

Recent work has established that glutamatergic synaptic activity induces transient sodium elevations in grey matter astrocytes by stimulating glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) and glutamate-aspartate transporter (GLAST). Glial sodium transients have diverse functional consequences but are largely unexplored in white matter. Here, we employed ratiometric imaging to analyse sodium signalling in macroglial cells of mouse corpus callosum. Electrical stimulation resulted in robust sodium transients in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia, which were blocked by tetrodotoxin, demonstrating their dependence on axonal action potentials (APs). Action potential-induced sodium increases were strongly reduced by combined inhibition of ionotropic glutamate receptors and glutamate transporters, indicating that they are related to release of glutamate. While AMPA receptors were involved in sodium influx into all cell types, oligodendrocytes and NG2 glia showed an additional contribution of NMDA receptors. The transporter subtypes GLT-1 and GLAST were detected at the protein level and contributed to glutamate-induced glial sodium signals, indicating that both are functionally relevant for glutamate clearance in corpus callosum. In summary, our results demonstrate that white matter macroglial cells experience sodium influx through ionotropic glutamate receptors and glutamate uptake upon AP generation. Activity-induced glial sodium signalling may thus contribute to the communication between active axons and macroglial cells.
Stay Your Blade
Authors: Veugen Connie
Published: July 2018

In their article ‘Transmedial worlds: Rethinking cyberworld design’, Klastrup and Tosca show that the core elements of a Transmedial World are: Mythos, the lore of the world, the central knowledge necessary to interpret and successfully interact with events in the world; Topos, the setting and detailed geography of the world; and Ethos, the explicit and implicit ethics and (moral) codex of behaviour. Though other terms are used, in essence similar distinctions are made in game worlds and storyworlds. In this article, I will first discuss the game world and the storyworld and show that the storyworld in games is different from that in non-interactive narrative media. I then focus on the Mythos and Ethos elements in the world of the Assassin’s Creed series as both govern the moral choices in the series and, by doing so, subtly direct the behaviour of the player.
Size of Membership and Survival Patterns of Producers’ Organizations in Agriculture—Social Aspects Based on Evidence from Poland
Authors: Chlebicka Aleksandra , Pietrzak Michał
Published: July 2018

Agricultural producer organizations are considered to be an efficient way for farmers to build up bargaining power, thereby increasing farmers’ incomes. While making a contribution to the research on the longevity of cooperatives, we tried to identify some regularities concerning the survival of these entities in the specific context of transition economies. In this paper, we look more closely at potential relationships between the development of producers’ organizations (POs) and the size of their membership. Then, we link the size of the membership with the concept of social capital. For our purposes, it is necessary to depart from using a general concept of social capital and to differentiate between bonding and bridging social capital. Our results, based on two unique datasets from Poland, clearly showed that relatively larger POs have higher rates of survival. This, in turn, is correlated with the stock and the type of social capital. The main contribution of the study is in identifying the relevance of the size of the membership of newly-established POs to their survival. The findings are followed by policy recommendations that may be useful in the context of promoting farmers’ cooperation in recognizing the low stock of social capital, specifically bridging social capital.
Variation in anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation between English clinical commissioning groups: an observational study
Authors: Robson John , Homer Kate , Ahmed Zaheer , Antoniou Sotiris
Published: July 2018

Background

Despite improvement in anticoagulation for atrial fibrillation (AF), substantial variation in anticoagulation persists between clinical commissioning groups (CCGs) and regions in England.

Aim

To identify reasons for variation between English CCGs in anticoagulation for AF.

Design and setting

A 4-year observational study from 2012/2013 to 2015/2016, of the national Quality and Outcomes Framework.

Method

Multiple regression and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were used to analyse anticoagulation for AF in relation to older age, Index of Multiple Deprivation, prescription of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs), and exception reporting, as well as stroke hospital admission and mortality.

Results

The proportion of eligible patients in England prescribed anticoagulants for AF without exceptions for clinical complexity or patient dissent increased from 65.1% in 2012/2013 to 77.9% in 2015/2016. In 2015, 290 920 additional eligible people were anticoagulated in association with use of the CHA2DS2VASc rather than CHADS2 score. From 2012 to 2015, exception reporting almost halved from 20% to 10.2%. Variation in CCG anticoagulation was not associated with deprivation or NOAC use. There was a strong negative association between exception reporting representing patient complexity and anticoagulation performance, accounting for 57% of the variation in anticoagulation without exceptions (multiple regression coefficient = −0.81; 95% confidence intervals = −0.92 to −0.71; P<0.001).

Conclusion

Anticoagulation for AF has improved substantially in England in association with considerable increases in the eligible population as a result of decreased exception reporting and the use of the CHA2DS2VASc score. There is still substantial room for improvement in most CCGs because, even allowing for exceptions, nine out of 10 CCGs failed to achieve 90% anticoagulation.
STUDY OF HARMONY IN THE INDOOR/OUTDOOR CONTEXT OF ARCHITECTURE OF THE 21ST CENTURY CATHOLIC CHURCH IN LATVIA / VIDAUS IR IŠORĖS KONTEKSTO DARNOS XXI A. LATVIJOS KATALIKIŠKŲ BAŽNYČIŲ ARCHITEKTŪROJE TYRIMAS
Authors: Grietēna Aija
Published: July 2018

Wide-ranging use of glass systems in modern sacral architecture extends the traditional dialogue between indoor and outdoor space and makes architects look for new forms or harmony between the two, at the same time keeping focus on the most important thing – sense of God’s presence and idea of spiritual transcendence. Compositional application of coloristics, light and shadow under the impact of insolation and visual accents created by the play of light and shadow should underline altarpiece in church space creating the necessary balance and arranging priorities in the right order. Aesthetic harmony has a subordinated significance. A picturesque landscape seen through a glass system has only a subordinate importance. Harmony of indoor/outdoor space in sacral architecture is achieved only in those cases when expressing a hierarchy or priority values such as an altarpiece accentuated with the help of light, interior design opening to the sky, picturesque view of nature. In order to reach the maximum result a synthesis of mentioned methods is recommended.
Įvairus stiklo sistemų naudojimas modernioje sakralinėje architektūroje praplečia tradicinį dialogą tarp vidaus ir išorės erdvių ir skatina architektus ieškoti naujų interjero bei eksterjero darnos formų, telkiant dėmesį į patį svarbiausią aspektą – Dievo buvimo pojūtį ir dvasinės transcendencijos idėją. Kompozicinis spalvų ir šviesotamsos naudojimas veikiant insoliacijai ir šviesotamsos kuriami vizualiniai akcentai turėtų bažnyčios erdvėje išskirti altorių, siekiant kompozicinio balanso ir tam tikra tvarka formuojant prioritetinę seką. Estetinės darnos reikšmė subordinuota. Vaizdingas kraštovaizdis, matomas pro stiklo sistemas, yra antraeilės svarbos. Sakralinėje architektūroje vidaus ir išorės erdvių darna pasiekiama tik tais atvejais, kai išreiškia hierarchiją ar verčių prioritetus, tokius kaip altoriaus akcentavimas naudojant šviesą, į dangų atsiveriantis interjeras, vaizdinga gamtos apžvalga. Maksimaliam rezultatui pasiekti rekomenduojama minėtų metodų sintezė.
SYNCRETISM IN AN ARCHITECT’S WORK: HISTORICAL PERCEPTION AND RELEVANCE TODAY / SINKRETIŠKUMAS ARCHITEKTO KŪRYBOJE: ISTORINĖ SAMPRATA IR AKTUALUMAS ŠIANDIEN
Authors: Franckevičiūtė Nora
Published: July 2018

The phenomenon of universality in an architect’s creative work is examined in the article. Syncretism in artistic expression is characteristic for architects from the earliest cultures up to the present times. Nevertheless, the concept of the Master, which had a meaning of syncretic creator not only in the Renaissance, but also earlier, has radically changed due to the processes of fragmentation and specialization in contemporary society. A deeper research in the topic and its actualization is required in order to emphasize the importance of universality in an architect’s activities, not only in the process of formation of artistic and architectural objects, but also in other contextual issues.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjamas universalumo architekto meninėje veikloje fenomenas. Sinkretiška kūrybinė veikla būdinga įvairių laikotarpių architektams nuo seniausiųjų civilizacijų kultūrų iki šių dienų. Vis dėlto meistro sąvoka, kuri ne tik Renesanso, bet ir ankstesniais laikotarpiais turėjo sinkretiško kūrėjo reikšmę, kinta ir siaurėja specializacijos ir fragmentacijos reiškinių skaidomoje visuomenėje. Nuodugniau tirti šią temą ir aktualizuoti reikia norint pabrėžti ir atkreipti dėmesį į sin­kretiškumo architekto veikloje svarbą ne tik formuojant architektūros ar meno objektus, bet ir įprasminant platesnes aktualijas. Paradoksalu, bet dėmesys šio archajinės raiškos tipo kūrėjams galėtų būti veiksminga priemonė, padedanti išryškinti plačios erudicijos architekto paveikslą, atskleisti jo atsakomybei priklausančias problemas – kontekstualų požiūrį į dizaino, architektūros, urbanistikos plėtotę, gilinimąsi į kultūrinių, politinių ir ekonominių reiškinių priežastis, į jautrų jų ir žmogaus materialios aplinkos santykį bei šio santykio pasekmes.
TEKLĖ ŠEŠELGIENĖ (1925–1982): ASPECTS OF CREATIVE WORK IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE / TEKLĖS ŠEŠELGIENĖS (1925–1982) KŪRYBOS KRAŠTOVAIZDŽIO ARCHITEKTŪROJE ASPEKTAI
Authors: Deveikienė Vaiva
Published: July 2018

The article analizes architect Teklė Šešelgienė‘s (1925–82) creative work, which has specifically manifested itself in the field of landscape architecture and coincided with the second half of the 20th century urban and township planning trends that affected the need and strengthening positions of the landscape designer’s profession. The article also focuses on the creative links between two personalities – Kazys Šešelgis and Teklė Šešelgienė – a teacher and his student, husband and wife and, most importantly, two colleagues. Through personal actions, qualities of character, collaboration and education, the article aims to disclose the peculiarities of the landscape designer‘s profession, the epoch context, importance of knowledge and professional skills in developing landscape architecture objects.
Straipsnyje nagrinėjama architektės Teklės Šešelgienės (1925–1982) kūryba, kuri išskirtinai reiškėsi kraštovaizdžio architektūros srityje ir sutapo su XX amžiaus 2-osios pusės miestų ir gyvenviečių planavimo tendencijomis, turėjusius įtakos kraštovaizdžio architekto profesijos poreikio ir pozicijų stiprėjimui. Straipsnyje taip pat aktualizuojamos dviejų asmenybių – Kazio Šešelgio ir Teklės Šešelgienės, dėstytojo ir studentės, vyro ir žmonos, o svarbiausia dviejų kolegų – kūrybines sąsajos. Straipsniu siekiama per asmenybės veiklą, charakterio savybes, bendradarbiavimą, išsilavinimą atskleisti profesinės veiklos ypatybes, epochos kontekstą, žinių ir profesinių įgūdžių svarbą kuriant kraštovaizdžio architektūros objektus.
CUSTOM-MADE PATCHWORK LANDSCAPE: ENTREPRENEURIAL AND PRIVATE REGIONALISM / PAGAL UŽSAKYMĄ PAGAMINTA MOZAIKA: VERSLO IR PRIVATUS REGIONALIZMAS
Authors: Miķelsone Ilze
Published: July 2018

Regional identity as a subject of invented tradition is continuously updated in whole Europe; this process is especially regular in cultures of small populations, such as Latvia. It is a multilayered term, which involves a continuously changing main value-focus and numerous disciplines, including architecture. One of the ways to look at it realistically is to analyze the visually represented main hegemonic values and processes in society. Appropriate platform for this is provided by agglomeration expansion – fusion spots of the urban and the rural, thus creating a characteristic local landscape. The aim of this article is to clarify core impacts on the regional identity formation of the landscape of Riga region as observed today. Methodology is based on the case study of Mārupe County, using RES (residential) landscape inventory, urban-morphology, photo-analytical and rhetoric problem-definition methodology. Major findings lead to a conclusion of unbalanced role between the state intervention and free trade system, based on the neoliberal ideology intensified in the transition – economy zone. Thus regional spatial identity has mostly failed following any professional standards, but has rather developed as clusters with residential function, mostly under the strong impact of the market economy and entrepreneurship.
Regioninis identitetas kaip naujai išrastos tradicijos samprata yra nuolatos atnaujinama visoje Europoje; šis procesas yra ypač dėsningas tokių nedidelių šalių, kaip Latvija, kultūrose. Tai daugiasluoksnis reiškinys, apimantis besikeičiančias, į vertybes orientuotas disciplinas, taip pat ir architektūrą. Vienas iš būdų į tai žiūrėti realistiškai – analizuoti vizualiai reprezentuotas pagrindines hegemonines vertybes ir procesus visuomenėje. Tam tikrą platformą šiam reiškiniui teikia aglomeracijos plėtra – miestietiškumo ir kaimiškumo sintezė, kurianti charakteringą vietinį kraštovaizdį. Šio straipsnio tikslas – išsiaiškinti nūdienos Rygos regiono kraštovaizdžio esminį poveikį regioninio identiteto formavimui. Metodologija yra pagrįsta Mārupe apygardos tyrimu, kuriam naudotas RES (gyvenamojo) kraštovaizdžio aprašo, miestų morfologijos, fotoanalitinis ir retorinis problemos įvardijimo metodai. Tyrimo rezultatai veda prie išvados, kad valstybės įsikišimo vaidmuo ir laisvoji prekybos sistema, pagrįsta neoliberalia ideologija, nėra subalansuoti ir tai sustiprėja pereinamosios ekonomikos zonoje. Taigi regioninis erdvinis identitetas ne tikslingai grindžiamas profesionaliais standartais, o vystosi daugiau kaip gyvenamosios paskirties zonos, stipriai veikiamos rinkos ekonomikos ir verslo.
EVALUATION OF SMALL UNMANNED AIRCRAFT FLIGHT TRAJECTORY ACCURACY / IŠORINIŲ FAKTORIŲ ĮTAKOS NEDIDELIO AUTONOMINIO ORLAIVIO SKRYDŽIO TRAJEKTORIJOS TIKSLUMUI VERTINIMAS
Authors: Kikutis Ramūnas , Stankūnas Jonas
Published: July 2018

Today small unmanned aircraft are being more widely adapted for practical tasks. These tasks require high reliability and flight path accuracy. For such aircraft we have to deal with the chalenge how to compensate external factors and how to ensure the accuracy of the flight trajectory according to new regulations and standards. In this paper, new regulations for the flights of small unmanned aircraft in Lithuanian air space are discussed. Main factors, which affect errors of the autonomous flight path tracking, are discussed too. The emphasis is on the wind factor and the flight path of Dubbin’s trajectories. Research was performed with mathematical-dynamic model of UAV and it was compared with theoretical calculations. All calculations and experiments were accomplished for the circular part of Dubbin’s paths when the airplane was trimmed for circular trajectory flight in calm conditions. Further, for such flight the wind influence was analysed.
Nedideli autonominiai orlaiviai yra vis plačiau pritaikomi praktinėms užduotims, kurioms reikalingas aukštas skrydžio patikimumas bei trajektorijos tikslumas, vykdyti. Kuriant bei naudojant tokius orlaivius, reikia vertinti egzistuojančių standartų bei taisyklių reikalavimus ir išorinių faktorių įtaką skrydžių trajektorijos tikslumui. Darbe aptariamos naujausios skrydžių autonominiais orlaiviais Lietuvoje taisyklės bei pagrindiniai faktoriai, darantys įtaką skrydžio trajektorijos paklaidoms. Darbe didžiausias dėmesys skirtas vėjo faktoriaus įtakos skrydžio trajektorijai vertinti, kai automatinio valdymo sistema nesiima koreguojamųjų veiksmų. Tyrimas atliktas remiantis teoriniais skaičiavimais bei traktuojant, kad orlaivis – taškinis kūnas. Šie rezultatai palyginti su gautaisiais panaudojus orlaivio dinaminį modelį.