bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MENGGALI KETIDAKPASTIAN HUKUM PADA PERJANJIAN STRATEGI BERFOKUS PADA MITIGASI RISIKO
Authors: Dila Safitri  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

Ketidakpastian hukum dalam perjanjian merupakan tantangan yang dapat berdampak serius pada pelaku bisnis. Artikel ini menggambarkan strategi mitigasi risiko yang dapat diadopsi untuk menghadapi ketidakpastian tersebut. Pertama, pemahaman mendalam terhadap hukum yang berlaku adalah kunci utama. Pihak yang terlibat perlu secara cermat menganalisis regulasi dan kebijakan yang relevan untuk memastikan kepatuhan dan mengidentifikasi potensi ketidakpastian. Selanjutnya, penyusunan perjanjian dengan bahasa yang jelas dan tegas juga dapat menjadi langkah efektif dalam mengurangi risiko hukum. Hal ini melibatkan definisi yang jelas terkait hak dan kewajiban masing-masing pihak serta mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang dapat diandalkan. Selain itu, pihak yang terlibat dalam perjanjian dapat mempertimbangkan penambahan klausa-klausa protektif yang merinci skenario ketidakpastian hukum dan langkah-langkah konkret yang akan diambil. Pendekatan ini dapat membantu melindungi kepentingan dan hak-hak pihak terkait dalam menghadapi perubahan aturan atau interpretasi hukum yang tidak pasti. Dengan menerapkan strategi mitigasi risiko ini, pelaku bisnis dapat lebih siap menghadapi ketidakpastian hukum dan menjaga kelangsungan perjanjian dengan lebih efektif.Top of Form
Dampak Kehilangan atau Pencurian barang yang Dibeli dengan Kredit pada Pembayaran Cicilan
Authors: Inayah Maulia
Published: February 2024

This article discusses the legal implications concerning the loss or theft of goods purchased on credit in installment payments. The main focus of this article is to analyze the legal consequences that buyers may face when goods purchased under a credit scheme experience loss or theft. The discussion involves aspects such as buyer responsibility, the role of the seller or financing institution, and legal protections available to the buyer in such situations. The research method employed is legal analysis, detailing provisions of credit contracts, consumer protection regulations, and relevant court decisions. The research findings highlight the importance of understanding the rights and obligations of buyers in the context of the loss or theft of goods purchased on credit. Legal implications on installment payments also take center stage in outlining the potential impacts on the parties involved in such credit agreements..
Kajian Hukum Tentang Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Pembatalan Perjanjian
Authors: Atma Bagus Wibowo  , Dimas Fian Wahyu Mahardika
Published: February 2024

This legal study delves into the aspects influencing the annulment of agreements, offering a profound understanding of the legal factors involved in the annulment process. The analysis aims to provide a comprehensive view of the factors that can trigger the annulment of agreements, such as contract violations, non-compliance with agreement terms, or significant changes in conditions. Within the legal framework, this research identifies and evaluates the legal implications of each factor affecting the validity of agreements. Additionally, the study highlights the role of legal jurisdiction and regulations applicable to the annulment process. The research methodology includes the analysis of legal documents, relevant legal cases, and an in-depth literature review. The findings of this research are expected to offer a clear and detailed perspective to legal practitioners, academics, and parties involved in agreements, enabling them to understand and manage risks associated with agreement annulment. The practical implications of this study involve a profound understanding of the legal aspects that need to be considered in agreements, with the goal of enhancing security and sustainability in their execution.
ANGGARAN DASAR YANG TIDAK SESUAI DENGAN PASAL 157 AYAT (4) UNDANG-UNDANG NO. 40 TAHUN TENTANG PRSEROAN TERBATAS
Authors: Nana Eka Wijayanti  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

In implementing national economic development, society is the main actor, and the Government is obliged to direct, guide and create a supportive atmosphere. Limited Liability Company, hereinafter referred to as Persero, is a legal entity in the form of a capital partnership, which is established based on an agreement, carrying out business activities with authorized capital which is entirely divided into shares. The articles of association serve as guidelines for running a company. Limited liability companies must determine their articles of association in accordance with UUPT 40/2007 so as not to cause problems for interested parties. Problem Formulation 1. What are the legal consequences for Limited Liability Companies whose articles of association do not comply with UUPT 40/2007? 2. Who is meant by an interested party in the explanation of article 157 paragraph (4)? The purpose of this research is to find out what legal consequences will arise if it is not in accordance with the PT's articles of association based on the PT UUPT and to find out who is meant by interested parties in the explanation of article 157 paragraph (4). In this journal, normative legal research methods are used with the scope of the articles of association of a company. The final result of this journal is the legal consequences if the articles of association are not in accordance with UUPT 40/2007, namely that all legal actions carried out by the PT are considered invalid because they contain formal defects, namely they are not in accordance with applicable law and can be dissolved. The parties interested in the explanation of article 157 paragraph (4) are Notaries, Shareholders, Prosecutors, Bank.
KEABSAHAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN DALAM MODUS PENIPUAN BARANG COD (CASH ON DELIVERY)
Authors: Alief Sabrina Angelita Irawan  , Mas Chusna Ilmiyatus Saida
Published: February 2024

The purpose of the study on the Penelitian Hukum Pembeli Perlindungan Hukum Melalui Sistem Elektronik is to understand how the perjanjian jual-belui system is affected by keabsahan and how the penelitian hukum pembeli is protected against kerugian as a result of rusaknya. Goods that are purchased using an electronic system. When there is any weakness in the selling organization and In a trade transaction, there are obligations and liabilities for the parties involved. Metode The method of research that is used is called Library Research Methodology, or simply Library Research. research conducted in the field, where data is derived from available data Using methods such as reading, studying books, understanding rules for limbs, majalah, law, jurisprudence, and other relevant fields. Based on the methods used, results This study indicates that the decline in sales commissions through electronic systems Nevertheless, see the manner in which the perjanjian is described in Pasal 1230 KUH Perdata. it's the two-party kesepakatan,
Analisis Perjanjian Diatas Materai Dalam Kasus Duel Pertarungan
Authors: M  Auqof  , Abdul wahid
Published: February 2024

The practice of dueling with serious risks and risking the security of the parties concerned often involves a signed agreement. So, in the case of a duel, the stamped agreement used can give rise to a number of legal and ethical problems.This research uses a normative juridical approach which focuses on legal analysis and interpretation through the study of written legal materials. The research results show that although agreements on stamp duty can fulfill certain legal requirements, their relevance in the context of combat duels is highly questionable. Security, justice, and Compliance with modern social norms should take priority in evaluating and responding to harmful practices such as duel fighting.
Analisis Hukum Kontrak Jual Beli
Authors: Khalilul Anna Billahi Robbi  , Ainurrahman Ardhiyanto
Published: February 2024

Legal Analysis of Sales and Purchase Contracts is an in-depth study of the legal aspects governing sales and purchase agreements within the realm of civil law. In this context, the research investigates various facets, including the formation of contracts, rights and obligations of the parties involved, as well as the legal implications arising from sales and purchase transactions. Employing a positive legal approach, the study reviews applicable legal norms, case precedents, and relevant regulations to comprehend the fundamental concepts and principles that govern sales and purchase contracts. The research also involves an analysis of changes and developments in regulations that may impact the implementation of sales and purchase contracts in the contemporary era. Additionally, the study explores legal issues that may arise, such as contract breaches, ethical considerations, and consumer protection within the context of buying and selling. The outcomes of this analysis are anticipated to provide profound insights into the legal framework regulating sales and purchase contracts, contributing to the development of civil law and sustainable business practices in society.
Analisis Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Antara Pelaku Usaha Penyewa Kamera DSLR Dan Tindakan Konsumen Yang Beritikad Tidak Baik Di Era Ekonomi Digital
Authors: Nimas Parawansyah Pramadhyta Galuh Muktasyim  , Putri Handayani
Published: February 2024

A rental agreement is a form of agreement that is widely used in everyday life, including in camera rental business activities. In the era of the digital economy, camera rental agreements are increasingly being used, both by businesses and consumers. However, in this era there is also the potential for bad consumer actions in implementing camera rental agreements. Consumer actions that are not good in implementing the camera rental agreement can be in the form of default, namely not fulfilling their obligations in accordance with the agreement. Defaults can include delays in returning the camera, damage to the camera, or even loss of the camera. Bad consumer actions in implementing camera rental agreements can be detrimental to business actors. Therefore, business actors need to take legal protection measures to anticipate these losses. Efforts for legal protection that can be taken by business actors include: Drawing up a clear and detailed rental agreement, and containing strict provisions regarding obligations and sanctions for consumers who default. Carry out identity and guarantee checks from consumers before renting out cameras. Supervise the use of cameras by consumers. Carry out complete documentation about the condition of the camera before and after renting it.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM BAGI PELAKU USAHA DALAM METODE TRANSAKSI COD CEK DULU
Authors: Fahrul Arifin  , Fahrur Rosi  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

Legal protection must be strictly regulated in law to protect the unfulfilled rights of consumers and business actors in online buying and selling transactions. Business actors on the PT platform. Shopee Indonesia experienced non-fulfillment of its rights in the Cash On Delivery (COD) payment method, namely the right to receive payment according to the Cash On Delivery (COD) agreement. So regarding the conditions and exchange value of goods or services being bought and sold, they receive legal protection from consumer actions that do not comply with the agreement in Cash On Delivery (COD), which is stated in article 6 of law number 8 of 1999 concerning consumer protection ("Consumer Protection Law ”). Based on the things mentioned above, PT Shopee Indonesia has issued a new payment method, namely COD Check First, which is a method where buyers are allowed to open the package before paying for the product to the courier and return it on the spot to the courier if it does not match the product description/photo. So the author needs to do further research regarding the fulfillment of the rights of business actors using this method. This research was conducted through juridical-empirical research, using a qualitative approach. This research was conducted through a data collection method in the form of a documentary study. Meanwhile, the technique applied is qualitative analysis which is then presented descriptively.
Pertanggungjawaban Pemilik Kos Terhadap Wanprestasi Yang Dilakukan Dari Perjanjian Sewa Menyewa Secara Lisan
Authors: Nadia A Isyah Fatmawati
Published: February 2024

Agreement is a very common process in human life. The agreement that often occurs is a rental agreement, such as a boarding room rental agreement. This agreement was carried out in order to fulfill the basic needs of humans who need a place to live. In practice, the agreement is often made verbally. The verbal agreement to rent a boarding room is valid as long as it meets the conditions for the validity of the agreement in article 1320 of the Civil Code. The rental agreement for a boarding room which is executed verbally by both parties gives rise to an agreement which gives rise to rights and obligations for both parties. However, what if after the agreement is executed, the boarding house owner defaults in that the facilities provided by the boarding house are not in accordance with what has been agreed. What form of accountability can be imposed on boarding house owners who default by not providing facilities in accordance with what has been agreed upon by both parties? This makes the boarding house renter suffer a loss and is entitled to claim his rights according to what was agreed or receive appropriate compensation.
TINJAUAN HUKUM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI OBAT TRADISIONAL TANPA IZIN EDAR
Authors: Muhammad Irsyadhul Ula  , Ainun Garini Paramita
Published: February 2024

The sale of traditional medicines that do not have a distribution permit is still widespread in Indonesia, the Food and Drug Supervisory Agency (BPOM) continues to strive to eradicate the distribution of traditional medicines that do not have a distribution permit, the sale of these traditional drugs also violates the 4 legal conditions of the agreement, namely condition number 4 (four) where an agreement must fulfill halal reasons, traditional medicines that do not have a distribution permit do not have halal status and a distribution permit certificate, this can harm consumers who consume these traditional medicines.
KEADAAN KAHAR (OVERMACHT) DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI ONLINE
Authors: Taufiq Rizki
Published: February 2024

Technological developments in modern times encourage people to use the internet in buying and selling transactions where sellers and buyers are only connected via internet media and delivery (levering) of goods is carried out by relying on third party services. The implementation of this online buying and selling agreement raises many new questions, such as what constitutes a valid requirement for an online buying and selling agreement, what is the legal relationship that is formed between the parties in online buying and selling and the impact that occurs on online buying and selling in the event of a default due to force majeure (overmacht).
Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Penurunan Omset Penjualan UMKM di Pasar Tanah Abang
Authors: Eliya Anis  , Sumriyah
Published: February 2024

Offline merchants who experience a decline in turnover due to competition with online sales may face significant challenges. This research explores how legal protection is for Tanah Abang traders who have minimal visitors because the products they sell are unable to compete with e-commerce by offering cheaper prices. One of the aspects studied in this journal is related to default where traders do not fulfill tax payments. This research also discusses legal protection for traders with government solutions to emphasize e-commerce parties in regulating sales algorithms. Based on the results of this research, it provides insight into traders and the civil law academic community
Analisis Perjanjian Lisensi dalam Perlindungan Hak Kekayaan Intelektual Dalam Perdagangan E-Commerce
Authors: Muhammad Rifqi Nur Wachid Adi Pratama  , Sodikin
Published: February 2024

As is known, nowadays, along with the development and progress of technology, all human activities often come into contact with things that are instantaneous. Like trading via e-commerce which is currently popular on various social media and other platforms. This research aims to determine the analysis of licensing agreements in protecting intellectual property rights in e-commerce trading. This research uses normative law using a statutory and conceptual approach. The research results show that the existence of a licensing agreement indirectly represents the granting of rights to the licensing party to use and obtain protection in exercising their economic rights. If there is a process of selling and distributing goods through certain accounts on e-commerce sites by parties who are not authorized to own the license using a certain brand, this action is considered a form of brand infringement. Parties who feel disadvantaged by these actions, as copyright holders of their trademarks, can file a lawsuit for trademark infringement and copyright infringement.
Syarat Subjektif Sahnya Perjanjian Menurut Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUH PERDATA) Dikaitkan Dengan Perjanjian E-Commerce
Authors: Bayu Sugara  , Moh Taufik Hidayat
Published: February 2024

When we are dealing with e-commerce agreements, we have to remember that this kind of agreement is unknown in Indonesian Civil Code. The possible thing that might cross through our mind is the legal subjective requirements for this kind of agreement based on the Indonesian Civil Code in its relation to e-commerce agreement. These agreements are emerging as a result of information and technology development. Any people can enter into a business agreement through electronic communication media without face-to-face interactions. The aims of this writing are to identify the process of agreements in e-commerce transactions and to be able to identify the relation between the legal subjective requirements and e-commerce agreements entered by minor legal subject. The normative legal research is applied in this writing by using secondary data and legislation approach. There is “offer and acceptance” process in e-commerce 2 agreements found in this research and in term of e-commerce agreement abrogation, only parents or guardians could ask for abrogation to the judge if minor legal subject is willing to cancel the agreement. In other word, an e-commerce agreement will remain valid for both sides if there is no abrogation submitted by parents or guardians.
Asas Keseimbangan Dalam Hukum Perjanjian
Authors: Safira Meisya Salsa Bina
Published: February 2024

. The development of contract law has given birth to a new principle, namely the principle of balance which states that an agreement is binding as long as it is based on a balance of interests between the parties. In general, assessing the binding force of an agreement is based on the conditions for the validity of the agreement. The emergence of the principle of balance then gave rise to problems which became the main focus in writing this law. Even though there are no provisions regulating the application of the principle of balance in Indonesian contract law, the indirect application of the principle of balance is contained in Article 1320 of the Civil Code. The emphasis on "agreement", "implementation in good faith" and binding the agreement to "decency, custom and law" shows that in an agreement there should be a balance between the parties so as to create a sense of justice. An unbalanced agreement has no binding force because it is contrary to good faith, a sense of justice and propriety. As a result, an unbalanced agreement can be requested to cancel the agreement.
Analisis akibat hukum perjanjian utang piutang secara lisan apabila debitur cidera janji (wanprestasi)
Authors: Rahmadani Sabilillah Oktavia
Published: February 2024

Perjanjian adalah suatu kegiatan yang  dilakukan sebagai landasan suatu hubungan hukum, biasanya berkaitan dengan suatu perjanjian yang disepakati. Praktik sosial sering kali melibatkan kesepakatan verbal. Sebab, kesepakatan lisan dinilai cepat dan praktis, serta bercirikan budaya saling percaya. Jika terjadi pelanggaran, persetujuan lisan saja mungkin tidak cukup menjadi bukti di pengadilan. Namun bukan berarti perjanjian lisan tidak mempunyai kekuatan hukum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis bukti-bukti bahwa perjanjian lisan mempunyai kekuatan hukum untuk mengikat dan menjamin para pihak secara hukum sesuai dengan ketentuan hukum perdata, serta mengetahui cara pembuktian wanprestasi. Penyidikan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui status dan keabsahan hukum  perjanjian utang dan piutang  lisan berdasarkan hukum yang berlaku (dalam hal ini hukum perdata). Metode penelitian hukum preskriptif dengan dukungan data. Hal ini didasarkan pada sumber hukum primer seperti hukum perdata dan keputusan pengadilan dan bersifat deskriptif dan analitis. Perjanjian-perjanjian yang dibuat dengan lisan juga sah menurut hukum, asalkan memenuhi ketentuan-ketentuan Pasal 1320 KUHPerdata sebagai syarat sahnya  perjanjian itu. Namun, hanya karena Anda memiliki persetujuan lisan  bukan berarti hal tersebut aman. Hal ini disebabkan karena perjanjian lisan  lebih berisiko dibandingkan  perjanjian tertulis. Oleh karena itu, untuk menghindari kerugian, sebaiknya perjanjian dibuat secara tertulis.
Perlindungan Hukum Bagi Pihak Yang Meminjamkan Dan Yang Meminjam Dalam Perjanjian Pinjam Pakai
Authors: Siti Hotimatul Husna
Published: February 2024

Loan agreements are an important aspect of everyday life, facilitating the borrowing of goods or property for a certain period of time. In this context, legal protection for lending and borrowing parties is crucial. This paper discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of lending and use agreements as well as research methodology in evaluating the effectiveness of existing regulations. The study highlights the challenges and need to balance the rights and obligations of both parties. Referring to the Civil Code, this study examines the rights, obligations, and legal protection of both lenders and loan recipients. Equipped with car loan case studies, this paper highlights the need for clear regulations, including item identification, insurance, time limits, and rights and responsibilities that must be set out in detail in the agreement. With a deep understanding of laws and regulations, lending and use agreements can provide maximum protection for all parties involved.
PERLINDUNGAN KONSUMEN DALAM PERJANJIAN JUAL BELI ONLINE
Authors: Muhammad Fahad
Published: February 2024

Buying and selling is an agreement to exchange objects or goods that have value voluntarily between two parties, one of whom receives the objects and the other party receives them in accordance with the agreement or conditions that have been justified by the sharia and agreed upon. According to Article 1457 of the Civil Code, a sale and purchase agreement is an agreement between a seller and a buyer in which the seller binds himself to hand over his ownership rights to an item to the buyer, and the buyer binds himself to pay the price of the item. Meanwhile, online buying and selling according to Alimin (2004:76) defines online buying and selling as a dynamic set of technology, applications and business processes that connect companies, consumers, certain communities through electronic transactions and trading of goods, services and information carried out electronically. And in online buying and selling, we must also regulate the protection of consumer rights in order to protect consumer rights, such as the product purchased is not the item that corresponds to the item purchased, this requires strict protection from the admin of the buying and selling site (open lapak) which is mostly in the application for opening a stall for goods does not match what the consumer purchased. This case is studied normatively and deepens the literature related to online buying and selling and consumer protection as well as deepening existing regulations.
Komiteti “Bashkim dhe Përparim” dhe shqiptarët në vitet 1908-1912
Authors: Smakaj Gentrit
Published: February 2024

Artikulli synon të japë një vështrim të përgjithshëm rreth Komitetit “Bashkim dhe Përparim” dhe shqiptarëve gjatë viteve 1908-1912, si dhe të paraqesë rolin dhe kontributin e elitës politike osmane me origjinë shqiptare në themelimin e Komitetit dhe në lëvizjen xhonturke. Në këtë punim identifikohen dhe pasqyrohen pikëpamjet e ndryshme dhe elementet që i bashkonin intelektualët shqiptarë dhe Turqit e Rinj, në veçanti do të analizohen faktorët kryesorë të cilët ndikuan që shqiptarët të rreshtoheshin në mbështetje të lëvizjes xhonturke. Përpos trajtimit të faktorëve ndikues do të analizohen dhe do të interpretohen divergjencat mes shqiptarëve dhe xhonturqve, të cilat ishin produkt i mosmbajtjes së premtimeve nga ana e xhonturqve që shkaktuan ndarjen e rrugëve mes shqiptarëve dhe xhonturqve pas vitit 1908. Në bazë të burimeve osmane, turke dhe shqiptare, punimi do të fokusohet në politikat centraliste dhe osmanizimit e cila ishte zbatuar nga unionistët. Gjithashtu, çështja e alfabetit që ishte objekt debati midis unionistëve dhe shqiptarëve, me theks të veçantë pikëpamjet e Komitetit “Bashkim dhe Përparim” mbi alfabetin e gjuhës shqipe, si dhe kryengritjet shqiptare dhe qëndrimet e burokracisë osmane përballë këtyre zhvillimeve.
Tentativat e Britanisë së Madhe për të normalizuar marrëdhëniet me Shqipërinë në dekadat e fundit të shek. XX
Authors: Kaba Hamit
Published: February 2024

Artikulli fokusohet në përpjekjet e Britanisë së Madhe për të rivendosur marrëdhëniet diplomatike me Shqipërinë në dhjetëvjeçarët e fundit të shek. XX. Për hartimin e tij autori është mbështetur në burime të ndryshme, ku spikatin dokumentet arkivore britanike, të hulumtuara në The National Archives, në Londër, arkivat shqiptarë dhe amerikanë (National Archives and Record Administration në Marryland). Karakteristikë kryesore e kësaj periudhe është qasja e re e qeverisë britanike ndaj kësaj çështjeje, e cila ndryshe nga dy dekadat pararendëse, mori e para iniciativën për të rivendosur marrëdhëniet diplomatike me Shqipërinë, dhe për të kapërcyer ngërçin e krijuar nga problemet e pazgjidhura ndërmjet të dyja vendeve. Shkaqet e qasjes së re të Britanisë së Madhe janë kërkuar e argumentuar me ndryshimet e pjesshme të politikës së jashtme të Shqipërisë pas daljes nga Traktati i Varshavës (TV), te ndryshimet e mëdha politike, që ndodhën në Europë në gjysmën e parë të viteve ’70, te politika e re e SHBA-së ndaj Shqipërisë, te situata e krijuar pas ndarjes së Shqipërisë me Kinën në vitin 1978 dhe prishja e mundshme e balancave Lindje-Perëndim, dhe sidomos te roli i veçantë i Britanisë së Madhe, për ta mbajtur Shqipërinë larg afrimit të saj me BS-në dhe rikthimit në Traktatin e Varshavës. Por fleksibiliteti i qeverisë britanike nuk u shoqërua me elasticitetin e qeverisë shqiptare. Kjo e fundit mbeti “robinë” e formulave të vjetra ligjore e ideologjike dhe e urdhrave politikë partiakë.
Gjon Gazulli, mjeshtri i rrjeteve sociale në Mesjetën e Vonë
Authors: Lala Etleva
Published: February 2024

Gjon Gazulli një ndër astrologët dhe humanistët më të shquar të shek. XV, është pak i njohur për aktivitetet e tij të tjera dhe sidomos për lidhjet e jashtëzakonshme shoqërore e rrjetet e tij sociale. Në këtë shkrim hidhet dritë pikërisht mbi këto rrjete sociale. Fillohet me rrjetin e tij familjar të të njohurve dhe vazhdohet me atë vendor, e konkretisht me qytetarët e Raguzës. Më pas ndriçohet një ndër aspektet më të rëndësishme të aktivitetit diplomatik të Gazullit, atë të ndërmjetësimit te Selia e Shenjtë në favor të Mbretit hungarez Zigismund të Luksemburgut për të marrë kurorën perandorake, dhe në këmbim marrjen edhe të licencës së tregtisë së lirë detare me të gjithë botën për Republikën e Raguzës, gjë që e bëri Raguzën një superfuqi. Këto lidhje diplomatike dhe politike, që ai kishte me pushtetet më të larta politike të kohës, i mundësuan atij një reputacion të pakontestueshëm në gjithë Europën e asaj kohe. Për t’u përmendur është edhe rrjeti i tij intelektual me profesorë, studiues e studentë që kultivohej në mënyrë të veçantë nëpërmjet shkëmbimit të librave dhe të dorëshkrimeve. Librat e tij, ata që zotëronte, por edhe idetë e tij, krijojnë gjithashtu një rrjet social më vete, që vazhdon të ekzistojë edhe sot e kësaj dite.
PULMONARY ASPIRATION DURING PROCEDURAL SEDATION : A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nurochman SIdik Fajar , Muhammad Suharyo Dhimas , Solehudin Hipni , Lesmana Putri Fitria
Published: February 2024

Background: Aspiration of the pulmonary during sedation procedural of anesthesia has received considerable research attention, little is known about the aspiration of pulmonary during operational general anesthesia.
Aims : This systematic review is to review the association of sedation anesthesia and its effects on pulmonary aspiration.
Methods: By comparing itself to the standards set by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) 2020, this study was able to show that it met all of the requirements. So, the experts were able to make sure that the study was as up-to-date as it was possible to be. For this search approach, publications that came out between 2014 and 2024 were taken into account. Several different online reference sources, like Pubmed and SCIENCE DIRECT, were used to do this. It was decided not to take into account review pieces, works that had already been published, or works that were only half done.
Result: In the PubMed database, the results of our search brought up 418 articles, whereas the results of our search on SCIENCE DIRECT brought up 372 articles. The results of the search conducted for the last year of 2014 yielded a total 16 articles for PubMed and 32 articles for SCIENCE DIRECT. In the end, we compiled a total of 5 papers, 4 of which came from PubMed and 1 of which came from SCIENCE DIRECT. We included five research that met the criteria.
Conclusion: In summary, pulmonary aspiration complicating non-endoscopic procedure sedation was found in this systematic review with complete recovery as the usual outcome. Aspiration of pulmonary occurred not in any of the individuals. Aspiration under anesthesia with sedation appears to be uncommon, unique and generally benign, however careful vigilance is still advised.
Pendampingan Pembentukan Bank Sampah Di Aisyiyah Ranting Desa Mendak, Kecamatan Delanggu, Kabupaten Klaten
Authors: Esri Rusminingsih  , Ambar Winarti  , Chairil Hana Mustofa  , Marwanti Marwanti , Romadhan Tri Purnomo  , Supardi Supardi
Published: February 2024

Persoalan sampah masih menjadi masalah utama di Indonesia. Sampah menimbulkan dampak buruk pada lingkungan dan kesehatan masyarakat. Paradigma baru pengelolaan sampah yaitu mengannggap sampah memiliki nilai ekonomis, dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai energi, kompos, pupuk, dan bahan baku untuk industri. Permasalahan mitra adalah kurangnya pengetahuan masyarakat dalam pengelolaan sampah, masih rendahnya kesadaran masyarakat dalam mengelola sampah secara bijak. Tujuan pengabdian masyarakat ini adalah melaksanakan pendampingan pembentukan bank sampah di Aisiyah Ranting Mendak, Kec. Delanggu, Kab. Klaten. Kegiatan ini bermitra dengan Aisiyah ranting desa Mendak dengan anggota sejumlah 50 orang ibu rumah tangga. Kegiatan dilaksanakan 3 tahap kegiatan, yaitu 1) penyuluhan tentang bank sampah, 2) pengumpulan sampah, dan 3) pengelolaan keuangan bank sampah.  Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini berkontribusi meningkatkan pengetahuan responden tentang pengelolaan sampah, terbentuk struktur pengelola pengurus bank sampah (ketua, sekretaris, bendahara, dan anggota penggerak), dan peningkatan pendapatan nasabah bank sampah. Uang nasabah digunakan untuk skrining kesehatan setiap 3 bulan sekali (pemeriksaan kolesterol, kadar glukosa darah dan asam urat), serta simpan pinjam anggota. Lingkungan masyarakat menjadi lebih bersih dan sampah bernilai ekonomis. Bank sampah Aisiyah ranting Mendak meningkatkan nilai ekonomis serta menjaga kebersihan lingkungan di masyarakat desa Mendak, Kecamatan Delanggu, Kabupaten Klaten
Prevalence of Little Finger Contour Damage among Mobile Users
Authors: Kanwal Saania , Irfan Amina , Zaheer Maheen , Zia Laiba , Huda Noor ul , Javaid Maria , Raza Ali , Farwa Mishal , Rafique Hira , Aslam Intsam
Published: February 2024

Background: Recent advancements in mobile technology have led to increased scrutiny regarding the physical impacts of prolonged device usage. Prior studies have offered conflicting views on the association between mobile phone use and structural changes in the hand, particularly concerning little finger contour damage. This discrepancy underscores the need for further research to elucidate the relationship between smartphone usage patterns and potential musculoskeletal alterations.
Objective: The primary objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of little finger contour damage among mobile phone users, aiming to identify causative factors, potential preventative measures, and remedies for the observed damage. The study also sought to compare its findings with existing literature to clarify the impact of mobile phone use on hand anatomy.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 335 participants, employing a structured questionnaire to gather data on demographics, mobile phone usage patterns, and the presence of little finger contour damage. Statistical analysis was utilized to examine the association between mobile phone use and little finger contour damage. The study's inclusion criteria encompassed mobile phone users above the age of 16, with no restrictions on gender or occupation.
Results: Out of 335 participants, 123 (36.70%) reported little finger contour damage. Among those, 83.70% were female, and 16.30% were male. Age distribution indicated that 41.00% were aged 17-20 years, 58.00% were 21-24 years, and 1.00% were older than 24 years. Regarding mobile phone usage, 11.00% had used their devices for 2-3 years, 20.00% for 3-4 years, and 69.00% for more than 4 years. Screen time revealed that 29.00% used their phones for 3-5 hours daily, whereas 71.00% exceeded 5 hours. The prevalence of little finger contour damage was significantly associated with longer screen time and duration of mobile phone usage.
Conclusion: The study substantiates a significant correlation between prolonged mobile phone use and the development of little finger contour damage. It highlights an urgent need for awareness and intervention strategies to mitigate the risk of musculoskeletal alterations due to smartphone usage. Further research is recommended to explore this phenomenon across broader demographics and geographical locations.
The Role of Primary Healthcare in Improving the Maternal and Infant Mortality in Pakistan
Authors: Dawood Sadaf , Fatima Mehwish , Daayem Anam
Published: February 2024

Background: Maternal and neonatal mortality remains a significant public health challenge globally, particularly in countries like Pakistan, which exhibit some of the highest rates of such mortalities. Effective primary healthcare interventions are crucial for mitigating these rates, focusing on enhancing the quality of care provided to mothers and newborns. Understanding the scope and impact of these interventions can inform future strategies to improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Objective: This review aims to evaluate the existing literature on primary healthcare interventions targeting maternal and neonatal mortality, identifying the types of interventions employed, their focus areas, and the outcomes achieved, with a specific interest in the context of Pakistan.
Methods: A scoping review methodology was employed, analyzing studies that investigated primary healthcare interventions designed to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality. The review included studies published in English, utilizing a mix of research methodologies, and focused on interventions such as morbidity and mortality review processes, healthcare worker training, and community engagement strategies. Databases searched included Google Scholar, OVID, and the WHO Global Health Library, among others.
Results: Out of 25 studies reviewed, a majority concentrated on healthcare team and program-level interventions rather than systemic healthcare reforms. Key areas of focus included enhancing review processes for maternity and neonatal care, training and education for healthcare workers, and community development initiatives. However, there was a noted lack of interventions directly improving the healthcare experiences of mothers and newborns. Mixed methods were the most common research approach, aligning with the complexity of evaluating health system interventions.
Conclusion: To improve maternal and neonatal health outcomes in Pakistan, a comprehensive approach addressing the entire health system is required. This involves not only focusing on the delivery of healthcare services but also incorporating community insights, continuous education programs, and leadership modifications in healthcare services. Future strategies should prioritize the application of standardized and relevant methods to enhance the quality of maternity and newborn care initiatives, aiming for scalable improvements in healthcare outcomes.
Proximate, Phytochemical and Amino Acid Compositions of Sodom Apple (Calotropis procera) Leaves and Fruits
Authors: Aremu Matthew Olaleke , Abeekaa Luper , Zando Caleb , Obasi Blessing , Aremu Oluwakemi , Passali David Bala , Omotehinwa Folashade
Published: February 2024

In light of the escalating global challenges, the exploration of unconventional edible wild plants gains significance. This study focuses on Calotropis procera, renowned for its medicinal and toxic properties, particularly in its leaves and fruits. Analysis of these plant parts, following the Association of Official Analytical Chemists' procedures, revealed nutritional and phytochemical compositions (dry weight). Proximate composition (%) of leaves and fruits were: Moisture (9.03, 8.37), crude protein (20.81, 19.55), crude fiber (10.20, 20.91), crude fat (3.58, 3.41), ash (17.21, 16.83), and carbohydrate (39.19, 31.04), respectively. The predominant phytochemical was phytate with values of 116.5 and 83.72 (mg/100g) for leaves and fruits. Amino acid analysis revealed total contents of 72.43 and 70.82 g/100g crude protein for leaves and fruits, with the highest concentration in both being Glu (9.45 and 9.39 g/100g cp). Essential amino acids (with His) were 38.14 g/100g cp (52.67%) for leaves and 36.81 g/100g cp (51.98%) for fruits. While these findings highlight their potential as dietary supplements, further research is essential to develop processing methods that mitigate risks. This study contributes to understanding the nutritional and ant-nutritional profile of Sodom apple, emphasizing the importance of a balanced approach to harness its benefits effectively.
Activization of enterepreneurship in terms of changing institutional conditions: the agricultural priority
Authors:   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Alekseieva Kateryna , Ostapchuk Anatolii ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, Vdovenko Nataliia ,   National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Published: February 2024

The relevance of the stated topic is determined by the necessity to provide activization of entrepreneurship in terms of changing institutional conditions. In the article the priority to develop entrepreneurship in the agricultural sector is determined because of the crucial role of the sector for fulfilling economic and social goals. The authors describe the relationship among the main economic entities – households, enterprises and government using the model of circulation of goods and income in the economy that is used in the macroeconomic analysis. The peculiarity of the agricultural sector is that households can frequently act as both households and entrepreneurs fulfilling both functions simultaneously and contributing to the overall output whereas other forms of agricultural enterprises also exist. To provide activization of entrepreneurship favorable institutional conditions should be created. The authors emphasize that before the war the institutional environment had not been favorable enough that was proved by the analysis of indices of economic development presented by international organizations. Nowadays there are positive shifts in direction of improvement of institutional environment in particular this is fostered EU integration and rising investment attractiveness of Ukraine. In general, it is preferable to consider using the experience of developed countries to create the favorable institutional environment for entrepreneurship.
Deus ex machina. Flash and iron. Icons of humans and robots
Authors:   Borys Grinchenko Kyiv University, Ukraine, Pokotylo Pavlo
Published: February 2024

Globalization processes combine different cultures heritage melting symbols, sings, views and traditions into one single linguistic icon of each unique paradigmatic row. In this research icons of “Robot” and “Human” are to be considered as highest hierarchy representatives of symbol and sing of their kind. This article is to show their inner relative connections despite common oppositions such as living – mechanical and other.
Stress management strategies in future military personnel
Authors:   Psychologist at the psychological clinic Boskovice, Czech Republic, Dostálová Marie
Published: February 2024

The research deals with the issue of identifying stressful situations that appear during the introductory Training for the Army of the Czech Republic and strategies for managing them. The research is based on the use of the multidimensional self-observation inventory SVF 78, which more closely analyzes the variability of ways of processing and managing stressful situations in future military personnel and compares positive stress management strategies with the norms of the general population and aims to formulate recommendations for more effective help in coping with stress in the military area.
Reading Proficiency of Grade Two Learners Using Big Books with Historical Content
Authors: Santocildes Nin P , Pamela S Guanzon Pinky
Published: February 2024

This experimental research entitled “Reading Proficiency of Grade Two Learners Using Big Books with Historical Content” is a scientific study on the reading proficiency of grade two learners in Banago Elementary School I when using Big Books with Historical Content during the teaching-learning process especially in reading. It mainly utilized mother tongue language, Hiligaynon, as medium of instruction. Forty (40) grade two learners who were equally distributed into two groups, the control group and experimental group with twenty (20) learners, made up the subject-respondents of the study. Data were collected through experimental procedure where the experimental group was exposed to the use of big books with historical content while the control group used the regular big books. Mean, Frequency and Percentage, T-test and Spearman rho were used as statistical tools. Based on the scientific results of this study, a proposed reading enhancement program was crafted to further enhance reading performance of learners benefiting the implementers, teachers, and learners of the program. Findings of the study recommends on the use of big books with historical content to improve reading proficiency levels of primary learners when using Hiligaynon as medium of instruction in assessments and reading remediation. Results further suggested the development of additional localized and indigenized big books with historical content as well as big books across disciplines as supplementary learning materials in the delivery of instruction in Elementary Social Studies and reading remediation in Hiligaynon for Key Stage 1. Implementation of the proposed program in school and division level will be beneficial to the stakeholders, administrators, teachers, and learners in the primary level.
Confronting the Adverse Academic Repercussions Encountered by the Kindergartens Brought by the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: S Bumanlag Glenelein , Grace C Hilario Lucille , S Subia Gener
Published: February 2024

This study focused on the pandemic stories of parents dealing with their children's challenging behaviors during the pandemic. Using a pure qualitative research design, an in-depth interview was conducted to generate qualitative data from the fifteen (15) parents who enrolled their children in Wesleyan University-Philippines Elementary Department, Cabanatuan East Central School (CECS), and Lazaro Francisco Integrated School, respectively. Thematic analysis was utilized in emerging the themes, namely: (1) adverse repercussions encountered: early exposure to gadgets and the use of online and modular learning, and (2) confronting the challenges which include self-made strategies of parents used in handling children's challenging behaviors during this time of the pandemic. The findings of the study uncovered the changes that took place in the exhibited behaviors of young children before and during this time of the pandemic, its causes and effects, the adversities faced by parents in dealing with children's challenging behaviors, and the self-discovered ways and strategies utilized by parents in dealing with these behaviors as well. Based on the results, the researcher developed instructional reading material in the form of a brochure designed to guide children's behavior for a smooth transition back to face-to-face learning, which parents and teachers can use in handling children's behaviors, especially in the 'new normal.'
HARMONISASI UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 21 TAHUN 2007 TENTANG PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA PERDAGANGAN ORANG DENGAN PROTOKOL PALERMO DALAM PERLINDUNGAN PERDAGANGAN ORANG DI INDONESIA
Authors: D. PANJAITAN ANANDA CHRISNA
Published: February 2024

Terdapat perbedaan makna yang ketika Protokol Palermo menjelaskan bentuk-bentuk kejahatan dalam berbagai bentuk kekerasan atau ancaman lainnya sedangkan di Indonesia tidak menafsirkan bentuk kejahatan tersebut mengakibatkan formulasi tindak pidana perdagangan orang dalam UU No 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdagangan Orang yang pada prinsipnya ingin mewujudkan perlindungan korban perdagangan orang namun rumusan bentuk kejahatan tindak pidana perdagangan orang masih belum memadai. Tujuan dari penulisan ini untuk mengkaji peraturan UU No 21 Tahun 2007 Tentang Pemberantasan Tindak Pidana Perdangangan Orang. Hasil penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa daya mengikat Protokol Palermo terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan di Indonesia masih belum efektif dalam melakukan ratifikasi khususnya masalah perubahan definisi yang mengakibatkan kesalahan tafsiran dan disharmonisasi Protokol Palermo dan UU TPPO tidak akan berakibat secara langsung namun akan mengakibatkan Indonesia dianggap tidak maksimal untuk melakukan penegakan hukum terhadap pelaku tindak pidana perdagangan orang dan korban tindak pidana perdagangan orang.