bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PUBLIC FINANCES' TRANSPARENCY AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING THE STATE'S FINANCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Zakharkina L. , Chukhno R. , Veremiienko Ye.
Published: July 2022

Attention to the topic of transparency of public finances today is growing worldwide. It is generally accepted that transparency in the field of public finances is one of the key tools for ensuring good governance, which in turn contributes to improving the financial security of the state. In general, transparency is understood as full, reliable, timely and systematic disclosure of all important information and implies free access to it, as well as comprehensibility for all citizens of the state.
This article examines the impact of transparency of financial relations at the public level in today's digital environment on the components of financial security. As a result, it was established that at the state level the components of financial security are banking security, security of the non-banking financial sector, debt security, budget security, currency security, monetary security. Research on various sources of information has determined that central banks must be properly accountable to legislators and society, as transparency is a key element of this social responsibility. In turn, the impact of transparency on the financial security of the non-banking financial sector is manifested in an increase in confidence in non-banking market institutions. For its part, maintaining the regulatory level of public debt, as well as its most efficient spending is the main task of the authorities, so based on this, it is necessary to constantly monitor public debt, which can be provided only in conditions of transparency. A significant role in shaping the financial security of the state belongs to the provision of budget security indicators, which are primarily influenced by the principles of transparency of budgetary relations. For this purpose, information portals were created: “Unified web portal for the use of public funds” and “State web portal of the budget for citizens”. The next component of financial security is currency security, ensuring publicity and transparency of which is part of the functions of the NBU. In the current context of globalization and informatization of society in order to reduce undesirable synergies in the monetary system, one of the ways to improve the monetary policy of the National Bank should be to increase the transparency of foreign exchange transactions, which increases financial security.
Thus, ensuring the transparency of public finances should be the main task of the authorities, which will increase the financial security of the state and provide access to open budget data for the public, as well as enable their active participation in the budget process.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE ANTI-CRISIS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM AT THE INDUSTRIAL ENTERPRISE
Authors: Humenna Y. H. , Basanets I.V.
Published: July 2022

Anti-crisis management of the enterprise is important for its stable development, avoidance of the economic crisis and providing financial security both at the level of the state and individual businesses. In conditions of unstable political, economic and legal situation, the impact of various factors on the financial condition of industrial enterprises was analysed. It proved that most domestic enterprises have unstable indicators of economic and financial position. Theoretical approaches to the definition of crisis management to ensure the financial security of the enterprise was analysed. The analysis of economic activity of industrial enterprises in Ukraine for the last years was carried out. The main factors of risks and threats to enterprises were studied. The analysis of financial activity of PJSC "Sumykhimprom" in the conditions of economic crisis was carried out and the complex of measures for forecasting of occurrence of financial risks and overcoming of negative consequences of crisis is offered. It is proved that the creation of a set of measures for effective crisis management is relevant not only in the scientific context, but also in practical use to overcome the negative consequences that may be accompanied by the onset of bankruptcy. In the context of bankruptcy risk management, the implementation of the set of measures to prevent and slow down crisis processes, stabilize the financial situation with additional reserves and resources, prepare for the emergence of new risks is grounded. Depending on the crisis situation, anti-crisis measures are defined to stabilize the safe development of the enterprise. The mechanism of anti-crisis measures and strategies in the company is offered. It was confirmed that anti-crisis management is aimed not only at avoiding the crisis, but also at adapting businesses and maintaining stable financial performance in the global economic crisis. Studying the methods of bringing companies out of the crisis and ensuring its stable financial performance, the main approaches to the study of effective financial condition and avoidance of bankruptcy in the enterprise are defined. This paper develops a set of anti-crisis measures to predict and identify negative factors from the external and internal environment at different stages of economic and financial activities of the enterprise.
Towards the coordinated and fit-for-purpose deployment of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) for flood risk management in England
Authors: Giannitsopoulos Michail L. , Leinster Paul , Butler David , Smith Mike , Rivas Casado Mónica
Published: July 2022

Preparedness for flood emergency response is crucial for effective flood management. The need for advanced flood decision support tools that aid flood management has been recognized by several authors. This work examines the variability that currently exists across England with regard to the Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) data collection and processing strategy in flood emergency events. Expert elicitation was carried out using a tailored questionnaire about UAS deployment in three flood emergency scenarios. The survey highlighted that reduced equipment assembly time, a national network of appropriately qualified UAS pilots and the effective UAS deployment when on-site, can reduce the response time to flood emergency. For improved comparability and reduced bias in data collection and interpretation, clear guidelines on which data products are most beneficial for particular purposes, processing time required, platform and sensor selection may also be necessary. We consider that releasing a comprehensive documentation pack, which includes guidelines, standards and protocols that detail the methods, tools, technology, quantity and quality of data, to UAS pilots on a flood emergency call, will enhance the timely response.
Effectiveness of environmental surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 as an early warning system during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review
Authors: Hyllestad Susanne , Myrmel Mette , Lomba Jose Antonio Baz , Jordhøy Fredrik , Schipper Svanhild Kjørsvik , Amato Ettore
Published: July 2022

Since infected persons shed SARS-CoV-2 in faeces before symptoms appear, environmental surveillance (ES) may serve as an early warning system (EWS) for COVID-19 and new variants of concern. The ES of SARS-CoV-2 has been widely reviewed; however, its effectiveness as an EWS for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of timeliness, sensitivity and specificity has not been systematically assessed. We conducted a systematic review to identify and synthesise evidence on the ES of SARS-CoV-2 as an EWS to evaluate the added value for public health. Of 1,014 studies identified, we considered 29 for a qualitative synthesis of the timeliness of ES as an EWS for COVID-19, while six studies were assessed for the ability to detect new variants and two for both aims. The synthesis indicates ES may serve as an EWS of 1–2 weeks. ES could complement clinical surveillance for SARS-CoV-2; however, its cost–benefit value for public health decisions needs to be assessed based on the stage of the pandemic and resources available. Studies focusing methodological knowledge gaps as well as how to use and interpret ES signals for public health actions are needed, as is the sharing of knowledge within countries/areas with long experience of such surveillance.
Numerical effect of veil injection on a gravity dam using grouting intensity number ‘GIN’ method
Authors: Khatib Milad , Loutfi Melissa , Hamdan Hani
Published: July 2022

A dam is one of the oldest and largest buildings in the world. This structure is usually constructed to intercept flows, store water, and produce energy. Dams' foundations should really be rocky and robust enough to preserve their rigidity. Despite the great benefits of these structures, they are exposed to the risk of collapse. Two basic problems can confront a gravity dam; the first one is the uplift pressure load that could raise the danger of reversing the dam. The second one is the ground water flow, which can lift the soil under dam. Moreover, cracks are commonly formed in dams after construction. These cracks might produce several complications in the dam structure. Several investigations have shown the influence of the injected veil that made the dams stronger. This study shows the numerical results of the injection influence on a gravity dam. Finite element software is used to check up the best location of the injected veil and the maximum favorable depth. The obtained numerical results show the major effect of the veil injection on the uplift pressure force, the ground water values, and the flows pass under the gravity dam.
Application of CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing System to Reduce the Pre- and Post-Harvest Yield Losses in Cereals
Authors: Krishna Thumadath Palayullaparambil Ajeesh , Maharajan Theivanayagam , Ceasar Stanislaus Antony
Published: July 2022

Cereals are an important source of food for millions of people across low-middle-income countries. Cereals are considered a staple food for poor people. The majority of the people are depending upon agricultural occupation. Agriculture provides a primary source of income for many farmers in low-middle-income countries. The pre- and post-harvest loss of crop yield affects farmers and is a major problem in achieving food security. Biotic and abiotic factors cause pre- and post-harvest loss of crop yield worldwide. It significantly affects the economic status of farmers as well as low-middle-income countries. Many advanced technologies are available for resolving the pre- and post-harvest loss of crop yield. The past few decades have seen remarkable progress in crop improvement. Especially high-throughput genome sequencing approaches contributed to advancement in the crop improvement. Genome-editing has also been considered a key tool for crop improvement. The clustered, regularly interspaced, short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9) system has become a potent genome editing system for modifying key traits in cereal crops. CRISPR/Cas9 system offers new opportunities for addressing pre-and post-harvest constraints affecting cereal grain production and storage. In this review, we discuss the application of the CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing system to reduce pre-and post-harvest yield loss in cereal crops. It may promote the economic status of farmers and reduce food demand in the coming decades.
Epigenetics of Breast Cancer
Authors: Pandey Manuraj , Lalwani Archana , Mehta Rajendra
Published: July 2022

Breast cancer is a very heterogeneous disease at clinical, histological, and
molecular levels. It is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. Breast
cancer is manageable if diagnosed early at a localized stage, but late diagnosis of
metastatic disease has a very low patient survival rate. Further, limited treatment
options, insufficient prognostic and diagnostic markers, misdiagnosis and drug
resistance pose a greater problem for patient survival and clinical outcome.
Consequently, there is a great need to explore newer and more effective diagnostic,
prognostic and therapeutic options for managing breast cancer. It is now a well-known
fact that along with genetic changes, epigenetic modifications play an important role in
the origin and pathogenesis of breast cancer. Universal involvement of epigenetic
modifications in breast cancer development makes them useful for diagnosis,
prognosis, and follow-up purposes. Further, the reversibility of epigenetic changes
makes them attractive targets for breast cancer therapy. Therefore, in this chapter, we
will discuss current knowledge on epigenetic involvement in the development of breast
cancer and epi drugs as treatment options for breast cancer management.
Stereoselective Procedures for the Synthesis of Olefines
Authors: Göksu Haydar
Published: July 2022

Olefins are molecules containing double bonds and are an active functional
class. They have the potential to react easily due to the pi bonds in their structures.
Therefore, olefins themselves form a biologically active class. In addition, they are
pioneer molecules in obtaining different derivatives over many reaction types in
organic chemistry. The presence of double bonds brings along geometric isomers (e.g.,
cis, trans, E, Z). The biological activities of olefins differ in geometric isomers.
Therefore, stereoselectivity is important for the synthesis of olefins. In stereoselective
olefin synthesis, the control is in the hands of the synthetic organic chemist.
Stereoselectivity can be controlled with a correct and practical method. In this study, i)
geometric isomers ii) biological activities and iii) stereoselective synthesis of olefins
are focused.
Five and Six-membered N-heterocycle Rings from Diaminomaleonitrile
Authors: Al-Azmi Amal
Published: July 2022

Diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) is a tetramer of hydrogen cyanide that has
been used as the source of purine bases such as adenine. In the literature, DAMN seems
to be an essential element used to synthesize various N-heterocyclic compounds.
Numerous pharmaceutical and industrial applications have been described for DAMN derived compounds. Among these compounds are five and six-membered N-heterocyclic rings, and since their emergence, DAMN has been extensively
investigated as an inexpensive and readily available reagent in synthetic and complex
chemistry applications, including those that produce dyes and pigments. As a rich
nitrogen source, DAMN occupies an important position in synthetic heterocyclic
chemistry. Various synthetic methodologies and diverse heterocyclic structures have
been produced and approved across a broad array of industrial fields. This chapter
covers five and six-membered rings obtained directly from DAMN.
COVID – 19 Pandemic
Authors: Ahmed N Shabeer , M.P. Ashar Waheed.
Published: July 2022

Coronaviruses are known to infect both animals and humans. A strain of
Coronaviruses known as SAR-CoV also belongs to the Coronaviruses family and is
known to have caused Severe Acute Respiratory Syndromes (SARS) in 2002-03. This
infection has also affected humans at a faster pace. Coronaviruses are found in various
animal species like cattle and camels. Recently, Coronavirus disease, abbreviated as
Covid-19, emerged as a highly transmittable and pathogenic infection caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It is believed to have been
originated in Wuhan, China, around November 2019. Currently, almost all the
countries of the world have been affected by this infection, and millions of people
across the globe have died with the virus so far, and the overall toll is likely to go much
higher. In March 2020, this infection was labelled as a pandemic by World Health
Organization. Genome analysis was conducted, which revealed similarities of Covid-19
viruses with that of SARS. This led to a hypothesis that, like SARS, Bats can also be
the possible primary reservoir for Covid-19 as well. There are many theories going
around regarding the origin of SARS-CoV-2; one study pointed out that Covid-19
originated from Bats while the other indicated its origin from pangolin. Both the
studies failed miserably to establish the spread of Covid-19 to humans as both the
animals have no frequent contact with the humans. There are a lot of pieces of evidence
suggesting SARS-CoV-2 as a possible zoonotic source for COVID-19. Some theories
also pointed out the laboratory origin of COVID-19, but no evidence has been provided
to this claim. Contrary to this claim, its genomic sequences do not contain a mix of
known elements. Studies are being conducted to know the intermediate source of origin
of COVID-19 and its possible transfer to humans. A lot of vaccines have been
approved against it that are supposed to prevent its spread during clinical trials
conducted across the globe. These are broad-spectrum antiviral drugs that could help
recover the infected patients.
A Randomized Trial of Hydroxychloroquine as Post-exposure Prophylaxis for
Authors: Mani Kailasam Saravana
Published: July 2022

Research revealed that in vitro activity ofchloroquine and the derivative
molecule of hydroxychloroquine is against the infection caused by the SARS-CoV and
SARS-CoV-2. The US FDA approved the use of both hydroxychloroquinesulfate and
chloroquine phosphate for the critical patients of COVID-19. The clinical trials
supported that the hydroxychloroquine did not substantially reduce the system severity
in non-hospitalized persons. Moreover, it also produces severe side effects like
drowsiness, hypokalaemia, nausea, convulsions, shock, and even death.
The Necessity and Challenges of Changing the “HANMUN(漢文)” subject for the Post-COVID19
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Heo Chul
Published: July 2022

This paper is intended to examine the new normal education triggered by COVID-19 in connection with the direction and future skills of education during the 4th Industrial Revolution, and to discuss the form of HanMun(漢文) subject and textbooks.
The education required by the 4th Industrial Revolution has a completely different goal from the education formed after modern times. If pre-modern education was education to foster a few elites, or vocational education based on ones demand, modern education had the goal of “cultivating quality labor” or “normal ability to acquire above-average knowledge and to perform production and consumption at the same time.” On the other hand, the human beings required by the 4th Industrial Revolution are “human beings who can lead to changes in society through individual roles with the capabilities necessary for self-directed recognition, identification, and resolution of various problems in reality.” HanMun(漢文) education is liberal arts education, and it refers to an act that seeks and inherits the educational values and ideals necessary for the society and becomes the driving force for future development along with the identity of society. And society has changed again and is demanding a new form of education, centered on and tailored to learners.
To respond to these demands, this paper discussed future HanMun(漢文) subject research from three perspectives: fierce debate on the direction of future human resources education aimed at HanMun(漢文) subject, transition to consumer-centered customized education, and choice and concentration in the composition and content of HanMun(漢文) subject.
How to Memorize Han Hwondang Kim Goengpil(寒暄堂 金宏弼) and Do-dong Seowon(道東書院): Focusing on Chinese Poems Collected in Anthologies
Authors:   The Association of DaeDong-Hanmun, Lee mi-jin
Published: July 2022

This paper was written to examine descendents’ views and memories on Han Hwondang Kim Goengpil and Do-dong Seowon in Hyeonpung, Daegu, which has enshrined him, by referencing to others’ Chinese poems collected in anthologies. There remains no Kim Goengpil’s anthologies, so only Gyeonghyeonrok(景賢錄) may seem to be selected as a reference for him, but there are, however, few writings of him, and therefore, it is difficult to investigate his scholarly career and guarantee the objectivity of the contents collected in them, as there are a lot of literature regarding the post-evaluation for Chujeung(追贈) and Gajeung(加贈). Hence, the Chinese poems collected in others’ anthologies were examined to show that the birth and death dates of authors from the contemporary figures who directly interacted with Kim Goengpil to Myeon-u Gwak Jongseok who lived in the 20th century are evenly distributed, and that the subjects of Chinese poems recited primarily include the text of ‘Sohak(小學)’ on which he concentrated his efforts for a life; Hapcheon and Geochang, in which he often stayed when he was young; Huicheon and Suncheon, in which he stayed twice due to Sahwa(史禍); and Hyeonpung in which Do-dong Seowon is placed. Main places recited in the Chinese poems include Sohakdang(小學堂) and Jidongam(志同巖), the spaces used for the lectures conducted together with Jeong Yeochang in Hapcheon; Supodae(水瀑臺) in which he strolled about together with his sister’s husbands, Choi Sukryang and Jeong Yeochang and Mohyeongjeong(慕賢亭) which Choi Sukryang’s decendents constructed to celebrate the meeting of them in Geochang; and the site in which an old house is located and Do-dong Seowon in Hyeonpung. In the process, the contemporary poetry and prose about Kim Goengpil were created by concentrating on grief and reverence for him who suffered from political vicissitudes, but shifted the authors’ focus to the space of Do-dong Seowon, generation after generation, probably implying that the descendents regard Kim Goengpil as a past figure, but view Do-dong Seowon as an existent space before their eyes. Although the title board for Do-dong Seonwon was bestowed in the first half of the 17th century, Jeyeongsi(題詠詩) about it primarily consist of works created by literary men who lived in the 18th-19th century, which may be associated with the situation in which the contemporary intellectuals suffered from serious chaos caused by foreign countries’ reckless invasion. Do-dong Seowon was memorized by intellectuals who faced the modern transition period, not only as the space for reverence for Kim Goeingpil and for junior scholars’ lectures. The intellectuals, who might be more concerned about the role of Confucianism than ever, thus attempted to memorize Do-dong Seowon as the space for wishing the recovery of the national destiny, the revival of Confucianism and the succession of Confucian philosophy.
Moment bounds for a class of stochastic nonlinear fractional Volterra integral equations of the second kind
Authors:   Department of Mathematics, College of Science, University of Hafr Al Batin, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia, Omaba McSylvester Ejighikeme
Published: July 2022

This paper studies and compares the second moment (Energy growth) bounds for solutions to a class of stochastic fractional Volterra integral equations of the second kind, under some Lipschitz continuity conditions on the parameters. The result shows that both solutions exhibit exponential growth but at different rates. The existence and uniqueness of the mild solutions are established via the Banach fixed point theorem.
Exploring the Use of a Web-Based Menu Planning Tool in Childcare Services: Qualitative Cross-sectional Survey Study
Authors: Kempler Jessica V , Love Penelope , Bolton Kristy A , Rozman Margaret , Spence Alison C
Published: July 2022

Background

Early childhood is a critical period for supporting the development of healthy eating habits, which may affect lifelong health. Childcare services are important settings for promoting early childhood nutrition; however, food provision in childcare frequently does not align with dietary guidelines. Web-based menu planning tools are well suited to support healthy food provision in childcare, although little is known about their use. Research is needed to understand how web-based menu planning tools are used in the childcare setting and how they can effectively support healthy menu planning and food provision for children in childcare.

Objective

We aimed to explore the use of a web-based menu planning tool called FoodChecker, which is available to childcare services in Victoria, Australia. We also aimed to gain insights and perspectives from childcare staff involved in menu planning about their use of the tool to plan healthy menus and guide healthy food provision for children.

Methods

We conducted a qualitative descriptive study using a cross-sectional web-based survey completed by the staff involved in menu planning in childcare services. Thematic analysis was performed using NVivo software. Emergent themes were mapped against constructs of the Technology Acceptance Model regarding perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and external variables influencing perceptions and use.

Results

The participants included 30 cooks and 34 directors from 53 childcare services. Participants perceived the web-based menu planning tool as useful for supporting child nutrition and health, improving organizational processes, and aiding the menu planner role. Perceptions regarding ease of use were mixed. External variables influencing perceptions and use included awareness of the tool, perceived need, time, resources, organizational support, and the food budget. Participants made recommendations to improve the tool, particularly the need to integrate functionality to make it easier and faster to use or to include more links to resources to support healthy menu planning.

Conclusions

The web-based menu planning tool was perceived as useful for cooks and directors in childcare services. Areas for improvement were identified; for example, the need for integrated digital features to make the tool easier and faster to use. As the first qualitative study to explore childcare staff experiences with a web-based menu planning tool, these findings inform future research and development of such tools to aid scalable and sustainable support for healthier food provision in the childcare sector.
Defining Recommendations to Guide User Interface Design: Multimethod Approach
Authors: Diehl Ceci , Martins Ana , Almeida Ana , Silva Telmo , Ribeiro Óscar , Santinha Gonçalo , Rocha Nelson , Silva Anabela G
Published: July 2022

Background

For the development of digital solutions, different aspects of user interface design must be taken into consideration. Different technologies, interaction paradigms, user characteristics and needs, and interface design components are some of the aspects that designers and developers should pay attention to when designing a solution. Many user interface design recommendations for different digital solutions and user profiles are found in the literature, but these recommendations have numerous similarities, contradictions, and different levels of detail. A detailed critical analysis is needed that compares, evaluates, and validates existing recommendations and allows the definition of a practical set of recommendations.

Objective

This study aimed to analyze and synthesize existing user interface design recommendations and propose a practical set of recommendations that guide the development of different technologies.

Methods

Based on previous studies, a set of recommendations on user interface design was generated following 4 steps: (1) interview with user interface design experts; (2) analysis of the experts’ feedback and drafting of a set of recommendations; (3) reanalysis of the shorter list of recommendations by a group of experts; and (4) refining and finalizing the list.

Results

The findings allowed us to define a set of 174 recommendations divided into 12 categories, according to usability principles, and organized into 2 levels of hierarchy: generic (69 recommendations) and specific (105 recommendations).

Conclusions

This study shows that user interface design recommendations can be divided according to usability principles and organized into levels of detail. Moreover, this study reveals that some recommendations, as they address different technologies and interaction paradigms, need further work.
An accurate deep learning-based system for automatic pill identification (Preprint)
Authors: Heo Junyeong , Kang Youjin , Lee SangKeun , Jeong Dong-Hwa , Kim Kang-Min
Published: July 2022

BACKGROUND

Medication errors account for a large proportion of all medical errors. In most homes, patients take a variety of medications for a long period. However, medication errors frequently occur since patients often throw away the container of the medications.

OBJECTIVE

We proposed a deep learning-based system for reducing medication errors by accurately identifying prescription pills. Given the pill images, our system locates the pills in the respective pill databases in Korea and the United States.

METHODS

We constructed the system with a pill recognition step and a pill retrieval step. In particular, the pill recognition step consists of modules that recognize the three features of pills and their imprints separately and correct the recognized imprint to fit the actual data. Our system adopts a language model as an imprint correction module to correct imprint characters. We identify the pill using similarity scores of pill characteristics with those in the database.

RESULTS

The experimental results demonstrate that our system achieves top-1 accuracy levels of 85.6% and 74.5% for unknown pills in two different databases. Furthermore, our system achieves 78.0% top-1 accuracy with consumer images by training only one image per pill. The results demonstrated that our system could identify and retrieve new pills without additional model updates.

CONCLUSIONS

Our study suggests the possibility of reducing medical errors by proposing that the introduction of AI can identify numerous pills with high precision in real-time. Our study suggests that the proposed system can reduce patients’ misuse of medications as well as help medical staff focus on higher-level tasks by alleviating time-consuming lower-level tasks.
NEEDLE FREE MONITORING OF BLOOD GLUCOSE THROUGH REVERSE IONTOPHORESIS
Authors: CHAKRABARTY SUBHASIS , BHATTACHARYA JOYEETA , CHOWDHURY ANKIT , ROY PARTHA , KUMAR JHA SAJAL
Published: July 2022

The frequent blood glucose monitoring is highly critical in order to understand the progression of diabetes mellitus and to minimize the probabilities of associated complications. This focuses to the fabrication of a new device for individual blood glucose monitoring. However, this technology turned out to be painful owing to its finger-stick technique, resulting in compromised patient compliance and inconsistent results. A paradigm shift from invasive to non-invasive technique to combat the above-stated limitations became an attractive tool for the researchers. The evolution of reverse iontophoresis to extract the essential plasma biomarkers as well as blood glucose through the skin was the result of the extensive efforts of the researchers as a means to monitor the blood glucose levels. The technology utilises delivery of small amount of electric current through the skin to extract the target molecules. This concept has received tremendous attention in the past decade; however, the technology still needs stringent validation for widespread implementation. Thus, in the present review, we aimed to elaborate the underlying mechanism of the reverse iontophoresis technique in the evaluation of blood glucose levels through skin, its unique features and its advancements towards commercialisation, the challenges faced, additional applications and the future prospects. The review also updates about the other non-invasive glucose monitoring techniques in comparison to reverse iontophoresis.
A REVIEW ON GREEN-SYNTHESIS OF CERIUM OXIDE NANOPARTICLES: FOCUS ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM DISORDERS
Authors: SRIRAMCHARAN P. , NATARAJAN JAWAHAR , RAMAN RAJESHKUMAR , NAGARAJU G. , JUSTIN A. , SENTHIL V.
Published: July 2022

Green Synthesized Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2NPs) have sparked a lot of interest in numerous disciplines of science and Technology during the past decade. A wide range of biological resources has been employed in synthesizing CeO2NPs, including plants, microorganisms, and other biological products. Biosynthesis procedures, current knowledge, and prospects in the synthesis of Green synthesis of CeO2NPs are also discussed. Neurodegenerative diseases, such as aging, trauma, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, and other neurological problems, are linked to higher oxidative stress and superoxide radicals generation. Cerium oxide nanoparticles' antioxidant properties suggest that they may be useful in the treatment of CNS diseases. The biological antioxidant benefits of cerium oxide nanoparticles on extending cell and organism lifespan, preventing a free radical attack, and preventing trauma-induced neurological damage are discussed in this section. CeO2NPs, an aspect of nanotechnology, would emerge as a novel drug delivery carrier through therapeutic strategies. In several diseases oxidative stress and inflammation. CeO2NPs exhibited a remarkable ability to switch between+3 and+4 oxidation states making this an efficient therapeutic option and an effective drug delivery agent. Further Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species. The overall goal of this study is to provide reasonable insight into CeO2NPs as new therapeutic agents and to solve the challenges, of safely and effectively employing these CeO2NPs for efficient management of Central Nervous System diseases.
NANOSTRUCTURED LIPID CARRIERS FOR TRANSDERMAL DRUG DELIVERY
Authors: HASSAN DOAA H. , SHOHDY JOSEPH N. , EL-NABARAWI MOHAM , EL-SETOUHY DOAA AHMED , ABDELLATIF MENNA M.
Published: July 2022

Transdermal drug delivery offers many advantages over oral delivery, such as avoiding first-pass metabolism, enhancing the bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs, and providing better patient compliance. However, only small lipophilic molecules can be delivered across the stratum corneum, the outermost layer of the skin. Unfortunately, the delivery of larger molecules remains a challenge. Nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) are second-generation lipid nanocarriers composed of biocompatible solid lipids, liquid lipids, surfactants, and co-surfactants. NLCs can be loaded with various classes of drugs, provide a controlled drug release profile, enhance drug stability, and be scaled up without needing organic solvents. This review article discusses the features, composition, formulation processes, and characterization of NLCs and their potential use in transdermal drug delivery.
3D PRINTING: A REVIEW ON THE TRANSFORMATION OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: RAJORA ANJALI , KUMAR RAJEEV , SINGH REETU , SHARMA SHIWANI , KAPOOR SAPNA , MISHRA ASHISH
Published: July 2022

3D printing and nanotechnology have been two of the most important tools in the development of personalized medical treatments. More recently, their alliance has developed in an effort to create new, flexible, multidisciplinary, and/or medical and drug-wise products. Therefore, a comprehensive review of scientific studies, including 3D printing and nanomaterials on the development of new pharmaceutical methods and medical applications for the treatment and prevention of diseases, is presented here with the help of secondary research from most recent articles. 3D printing, also known as additive manufacturing, has held the power of building a new class of active nanocomposites. With the ability to print a layer of complex 3D objects by layer, additional production of nanomaterials can be used in new ways to significantly control architectural structures of all sizes. The high efficiency of embedded nanomaterials can further extend the power of nanocomposites to structures such as gradients in thermal conductivity, converted photonic emissions, and increased energy and reduced weight. According to the survey done by annual industry, around 50% of the market of 3d printing in the industrial sectors is credited to created prototypes by means of photopolymers. While, Formlabs, Stratasys, HP, Desktop Metal, Ultimaker, Carbon, EOS, Nanoscribe and Markforged are among the top additive manufacturers. This work is hereby an effort to focus on different techniques, merits and demerits, applications, recent advances, relation with nanotechnology along with future aspects.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF GASTRO RETENTIVE FLOATING TABLET OF AMLODIPINE BESYLATE USING NATURAL ORGANIC POLYMERS
Authors: ACHARYA SUSMA , PANDEY JITENDRA , JOSHI HARI PRASAD , PARAJULI GYANU , POUDEL NARAYANI , POUDEL SRIJANA , GURUNG SHILA
Published: July 2022

Objective: This study was designed to formulate and evaluate the gastro retentive floating tablets of Amlodipine besylate by using different proportions of four polymers, namely xanthan gum, gum acacia, carbopol 940, and HPMC K 100 M.
Methods: Nine different batches of the floating tablets were formulated by direct compression technique. The constant amount of gas generating agents, namely, sodium bicarbonate and citric acid, were used for the floating character. The powder blend was subjected to pre-compression parameters analysis and the prepared tablets were evaluated for post-compression parameters such as hardness, friability, drug content, weight variation, floating lag time, total floating time, and swelling index. In vitro dissolution study was carried out for 12 h as per the specification of Indian Pharmacopeia 2018.
Results: For the optimized batch (4th batch), all the physicochemical parameters like angle of repose (33.47), Carr’s index (17.46%), Hausner’s ratio (1.21), weight variation (221 mg), hardness (5.2 Kg/cm2), friability (0.1%), thickness (3.92 mm), dissolution (94.65% at 12 h), and drug content (92.5%) were within the acceptable limit. Furthermore, swelling index, floating lag time, and total floating time was reported to be 203.0%, 7.5 seconds,>12 h, respectively. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis suggested that there is no drug excipients interaction.
Conclusion: Hence, this study suggested that gastro retentive floating tablets of Amlodipine besylate can be formulated to enhance gastric residence time and thereby improve its drug release characteristics.
Quality of the Home Environment According to the Type of Adaptability of Children
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, You Ji-yeon
Published: July 2022

Objectives This study was intended to investigate if there is a difference in the quality of the home environment depending on the type by clustering the adaptability of children. Methods This study was conducted on 930 people who participated in the 9th year(2016) of the Korean Children's Panel of KICCE(Korea Institute of Child Care and Education). To analyze the data, this study calculated frequency and percentage to determine general characteristics and 4 types were derived from cluster analysis to classify the type of adaptability of children. One-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) and post hoc test(Scheffé) were conducted to verify if there is a difference in the quality of a child's home environment depending on the type of adaptability cluster of children. Results First, the types of adaptability of children were classified into ‘school life adaptation’ ‘teacher-dependent’ ‘frienddependent’ and ‘school life maladjustment’. Secondly, as a result of investigating if there is a difference between the quality of the home environment as psychological⋅physical home environment and parent-child interaction, it was identified that home environment makes a positive effect on children's adaptation to school life when the home environment is actively provided psychologically and physically. Conclusions The significance of this study is in providing information that can suggest ways to actively help the school life adaptation of children by preventing maladaptive behavior of children and through the link between home and school.
The Relationship Between Learning Flow, Subjective Learning Performance, Self-efficacy to Transfer, and Transfer Intention Perceived by Participants of Synchronous E-learning Program
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Lee Chan , Sohn Kyu-tae
Published: July 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between learning flow, subjective learning performance, self-efficacy to transfer, and transfer intention perceived by participants of synchronous e-learning program. Methods A survey was conducted on university employees who participated in 15 job training programs operated as synchronous e-learning in 2020 by academy A, a training institution for university employees at national university S. Response data were analyzed through structional equation model and mediating effect analysis using phantom variables. Results First, there were significant direct effects between learning flow, subjective learning performance, self-efficacy to transfer, and transfer intention. Specifically, learning flow had a significant direct effect on subjective learning performance and transfer intention, subjective learning performance had a significant direct effect on self-efficacy to transfer, and self-efficacy to transfer had a significant direct effect on transfer intention. Second, learning flow had significant indirect effects on transfer intention. Specifically, subjective learning performance had a significant single-mediating effect on the relationship between learning flow and transfer intention, self-efficacy to transfer had a significant single-mediating effect on the relationship between learning flow and transfer intention, and subjective learning performance and self-efficacy to transfer had a significant double-mediating effect on the relationship between learning flow and transfer intention. Conclusions This study investigated the effect of learning flow in synchronous e-learning, which have been relatively uninterested in the field of the incumbent training, on transfer intention and related variables, which are considered to be major achievements in incumbent training and the mechanism by which learning flow affects transfer intention. This study is meaningful in that it presented suggestions for practice and follow-up research on incumbent training programs operated in synchronous e-learning.
Longitudinal Relationships Among the Negative Self-Concepts, Career Self-Efficacy, and Occupational Values of Young People Experiencing School-to-Work Transition Periods
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Kim Hyun-Joo , Son Eun-Young
Published: July 2022

Objectives This study conducted analysis to examine longitudinal relationships among the negative self-concepts, career self-efficacy, and occupational values of young people experiencing school-to-work transition periods that affect job decisions and choices. Methods For this, an autoregressive cross-lagged model was utilized on data from the 8th (2014) to 12th (2018) Youth Panels of the Korea Employment Information Service, which provides representative statistics on the youth labor market and school life. Results The main results were as follows. First, negative self-concepts, career self-efficacy, and occupational values during the college period stably predicted those in the future during the working period and previous early working periods stably predicted working periods after two years. The autoregressive parameters of negative self-concepts and career self-efficacy appeared lower than those of occupational values, showing that the variability of negative self-concepts or career self-efficacy can be more dynamic than that of occupational values. Second, higher occupational values of previous points in time led to higher career self-efficacy and less negative self-concepts at later points in time, verifying that occupational values are an extremely important factor in the lives of young people experiencing school-to-work transition periods. Conclusions Based on these research results, verifications were made that education on occupational values must be conducted at sites of career education and further, this provided implications regarding the importance of career education program management, the roles of universities, and counseling intervention.
Research Trends of Artificial Intelligence Education in Korea: Keyword and Topic Analysis focused on LDA
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Han Songlee , Kim Taejong
Published: July 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study is to determine what the main agenda of social formation is and how it changes through the research by utilizing big data from the Artificial Intelligence Education in Korea, and to suggest the direction of future reporting. Methods To this end 314 artificial intelligence education articles from March 1, 2014 to December 31st, 2021 were collected and a topic modeling analysis, LDA a machine learning algorithm, was conducted. Results Topics are (1) Research on strengthen AI literacy competency based on school environments (design, model, course development), (2) Research on interactive chatbot design and language (Korean, English, Chinese) education, (3) Research on convergence talent education program using AI and big data, (4) Research on humans and AI’s collaboration and relation. Conclusions Based on the results, it proposed developing basic AI knowledge and curriculum by life stage, developing AI convergence education programs and faculty competency on AI literacy, developing AI-related technologies, and revitalizing case studies.
The Effect of the Learner Participation-Centered Discussion Class on the Science Teaching Efficacy, Communication Capability, and Problem Solving Ability of Pre-service Early Childhood Teachers
Authors:   Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction, Park Eun-Ju
Published: July 2022

Objectives The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of the learner participation-centered discussion class on the science teaching efficacy, communication capability, and problem solving ability of pre-service early childhood teachers. Methods The subjects of this study were 32 students enrolled in a four-year early childhood education program. The learner participation-centered discussion class were carried out through the science education class (45 hours) during the first semester in 2021. Data were collected from science teaching efficacy, communication capability, and problem solving ability rating scales. Results The results of quantitative analysis were as follows. First, the learner participation-centered discussion class brought statistically significant difference to pre-service early childhood teachers’ science teaching efficacy(both science teaching outcome expectancy and science teaching self-efficacy). Second, the learner participation-centered discussion class brought statistically significant difference to pre-service early childhood teachers’ communication capability(especially in message converting capability out of all sub-domains). Third, the learner participation-centered discussion class brought statistically significant difference to pre-service early childhood teachers’ problem solving ability(especially in the production of alternative resolution method, and the implement and confirmation of resolution method out of all sub-domains). Conclusions Therefore, the learner participation-centered discussion class is the meaningful teaching method to improve the science teaching professionality and problem solving ability of pre-service early childhood teachers.