bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo de caso de personalização de unidades habitacionais em empreendimento imobiliário residencial multifamiliar na Cidade de Fortaleza, Estado do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Oliveira Bruno Barbosa de , Cirino Miguel Adriano Gonçalves
Published: September 2024

Frente a um mercado altamente competitivo, a indústria da construção civil adotou como estratégia comercial a oferta de serviços de personalização de projetos, visando atender a uma clientela mais exigente que busca por produtos distintos. Os clientes têm a oportunidade de personalizar, adequar e ajustar o projeto de acordo com suas necessidades individuais. Esses projetos podem apresentar flexibilidade ao permitir várias configurações espaciais, usos diversos e expansões, mas também podem ser adaptados a partir de um design inicial único, com a possibilidade de efetuar alterações durante as etapas de venda e execução da obra. No entanto, tais modificações podem acarretar desafios e contratempos para a empresa construtora, exigindo a implementação de um controle de processos eficaz, incluindo uma comunicação transparente tanto com os clientes quanto entre os diferentes setores envolvidos no processo de produção. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever o processo e propor uma atualização na forma de atendimento ao cliente e na forma de trabalho da empresa, assim como de outras empresas do mesmo segmento imobiliário e construtivo. A metodologia utilizada foi o Estudo de Caso, realizado em uma Incorporadora e Construtora da cidade de Fortaleza, Ceará – Brasil, por meio de pesquisa documental, levantamento de dados na empresa e coleta dos projetos de alterações enviados pelos clientes. Além disso, foi necessário entender os procedimentos adotados pela empresa para permitir alterações no projeto solicitadas pelos compradores.
Aplicabilidade da fitoterapia em pacientes em cuidados paliativos: Uma revisão integrativa da literatura
Authors: Oliveira Milena da Silva , Santos Kyvia Naysis de Araujo , Cunha Kayron Rodrigo Ferreira , Paula Apolinário da Silva Ana , Moura Luiz Francisco Wemmenson Gonçalves , Nascimento José Eranildo Teles do
Published: September 2024

A fitoterapia é uma terapia complementar que faz uso de plantas medicinais para prevenção e reabilitação de agravos à saúde, sendo uma modalidade milenar e bastante difundida ao longo das gerações. Com isso, pode ser aplicada em cuidados mais simples ou complexos, incluindo os cuidados paliativos com ação voltada ao alívio dos seus sintomas e na promoção de qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo do estudo foi buscar na literatura a aplicação da fitoterapia em pacientes em cuidados paliativos. Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa da literatura de caráter exploratório com abordagem qualitativa com dados coletados das bases eletrônicas SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), BVS (Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde) e PubMed (U.S. National Library of Medicine), durante o período de 2019 a 2024, obtidos entre maio e junho de 2024. Os resultados encontraram  73 artigos que após revisão criteriosa foram excluídos 63, selecionando ao final 10 artigos que demonstram a utilização da fitoterapia em cuidados paliativos, fornecendo benéficos com ação analgésica, antitumoral, anti-inflamatória, antioxidante e na caquexia, além dos seus principais sintomas (dor, fadiga, ansiedade, depressão, entre outros) que podem ser tratados com fitoterápicos e aponta os desafios para o uso e prescrição adequada, conhecimento científico insuficiente dos profissionais de saúde sobre essa terapia e a necessidade de desenvolvimento de novos estudos nesse campo de pesquisa. Conclui-se que a aplicação da fitoterapia em cuidados paliativos demonstra-se significativa e viável para o alívio e para o aumento da sobrevida, de forma que melhore sua qualidade de vida e mantenha a autonomia desses pacientes. Ainda assim, existem barreiras que tanto os profissionais quanto os usuários de saúde precisam superar, com a atuação do enfermeiro na criação de vínculo entre as duas partes e com a educação permanente em saúde e com o incentivo para o desenvolvimento de novas pesquisas nessa área.
Percepção de uma resina acromática em restaurações estéticas por diferentes observadores
Authors: Oliveira Lorena Maurino Domingues , Huss Ana Beatriz Mori , Santos Marina Andrade , Veltrini Vanessa Cristina , Bispo Carina Gisele Costa
Published: September 2024

Introdução: As resinas unicromáticas ou de "efeito camaleão" constituem um novo tipo de material que busca atingir a coloração idêntica ao dente com apenas uma cor de resina, propondo ser uma alternativa mais simplificada à técnica estratificada. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar se uma resina composta unicromática nacional (Vitra Unique - FGM) atende às demandas estéticas relacionadas à cor na opinião de diferentes observadores. Materiais e Métodos: A Escala Visual Analógica (VAS) e Escala Global de Melhora Estética (GAIS) foram aplicadas para 60 observadores de diferentes níveis de conhecimento, G1-Pacientes (N=20), G2- Cirurgiões-dentistas, (N=20) e G3- Graduandos de Odontologia (N=20) imediatamente após a realização de restaurações Classe III e IV com uma resina unicromática na Clínica Integrada de adultos do curso de graduação da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM). Resultados: Observou-se uma tendência de todos os grupos em preferirem o pós-operatório, atribuindo melhora estética às restaurações executadas. Conclusão: A resina unicromática testada foi eficiente em mimetizar a cor do substrato dental, sendo uma alternativa promissora para o clínico geral, especialmente em casos menos complexos.
Estudo da vibração em um veículo Fórmula SAE por simulação
Authors: Galvão Caio Vinícius Andrade , Brito Halane Maria Braga Fernandes
Published: September 2024

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a influência das vibrações do motor Yamaha XT660R em um chassi tubular de FSAE, utilizando simulações computacionais. Nessas simulações foram utilizados software de elementos finitos para análise modal, identificando os modos críticos de vibração do chassi e suas frequências naturais. Os resultados indicam modos de vibração que podem coincidir com as frequências operacionais do motor, apontando para a necessidade de modificações estruturais para mitigar possíveis falhas. Este estudo não só fornece uma base teórica para futuras validações experimentais, mas também oferece recomendações práticas para aprimorar o projeto de veículos de competição, contribuindo quanto a segurança e o desempenho.
Síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de Medicina: Uma revisão integrativa de literatura
Authors: Silva Cleison Gaspar da , Barros Felipe Rodrigues Noguerol , Prado Guilherme Camelo do , Martins Luiz Gustavo Peron
Published: September 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo foi compreender como a síndrome de Burnout afeta os estudantes de medicina. A revisão integrativa de literatura foi elaborada de acordo com as recomendações da diretriz Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis. As pesquisas nas bases de dados foram realizadas com as estratégias de busca “ (medical students[Title]) AND (burnout[Title]) ” na PubMed e “ (ti:(medical students)) AND (ti:(Burnout)) “ na LILACS e SciELO. Os critérios de inclusão considerados foram a disponibilidade do texto completo gratuito, idioma sendo inglês ou português, publicação feita entre janeiro de 2014 e julho de 2024, população do estudo formada apenas por estudantes de medicina. Foi feita a extração dos seguintes dados de cada artigo incluído: autoria, ano, país, objetivos, delineamento, principais resultados e limitações. A literatura científica demonstrou uma grande heterogeneidade nas taxas de prevalência de síndrome de Burnout em estudantes de medicina, alcançando 17% em estudos brasileiros. Os fatores de alto risco para a síndrome de Burnout entre estudantes de medicina foram o estresse crônico, sexo feminino, idade inferior a 25 anos, estar no primeiro ou último ano da graduação, preocupação empática, falta de apoio social, baixos níveis de atividade física e distúrbios do sono. As estratégias para enfrentamento do estresse mais utilizadas foram a busca por apoio de amigos ou familiar, prática de exercícios físicos e de atividades relaxantes, que atuam como fatores protetores para o Burnout, assim como a empatia, sexo masculino, idade avançada e engajamento acadêmico.
Emergency bedside ultrasound examination of the lungs in the practice of intensive therapy (BLUE Protocol)
Authors:   Postgraduate Institute for Public Health Workers of the Ministry of Health of the Khabarovsk Krai, Khabarovsk, Russia, Unzhakov V.V.
Published: September 2024

An ultrasound examination of the lungs in the intensive care unit is one of the methods for diagnosing acute respiratory failure directly in the patient's bed. Important is the protocol of emergency bedside ultrasound examination of the lungs, Blue Protocol. The use of the protocol in patients with acute respiratory failure for a short time allows you to identify the causes of the latter and decide on the appropriate intensive care. The objective of this study was to identify the causes of acute respiratory failure in patients entered the department of anesthesiology and resuscitation according to emergency indications, according to the Blue protocol.
Lower limb nerve blockade: indications and advantages
Authors:   G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Yamshchikov O. N. , Marchenko A. P. ,   G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Emelyanov S. A. ,   G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Ignatova S. A. ,   G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University, Medical Institute, Marchenko N. A. ,   G. R. Derzhavin Tambov State University
Published: September 2024

An inadequate approach to the choice of anesthetic care during surgery and in the postoperative period leads to numerous complications, chronic pain, decreased quality of life, as well as to the formation of a negative patient attitude and dissatisfaction with anesthetic care. Currently, there is a constant search for optimal methods of anesthetic management, especially in high-risk patients. Objective. To summarize and present current information on lower limb nerve blockade. Materials and methods. During the research work, an analysis of dissertations on this topic for 2014–2023 was carried out, and Internet resources Elibrary, Cyberleninka, PubMed for the last 9 years were used, since there are not enough literary sources on this topic from 2018 to 2023. Results. An analysis of Russian and foreign literature for 2014–2023 was given, devoted to such a type of anesthetic management as lower limb nerve blockade. Indications, anatomical features, methods, complications in femoral, obturator and sciatic nerve blockades are described. Conclusion. Due to the use of ultrasound navigation, neuromuscular stimulation, catheter technologies, it has become possible to perform peripheral blockades with a minimal risk of complications, as well as to carry out extended peripheral blockades, which allows to speed up the postoperative recovery of patients. Due to the lack of influence of peripheral blockades on hemodynamics, a smaller number of severe complications inherent in central blockades, anesthesiologists increasingly prefer peripheral blockades when choosing a method of anesthetic support for operations on the lower extremities. This type of anesthesia is offered as an alternative to neuraxial blockades, especially in elderly patients with a high class of physical condition.
Possibilities for the use of reflexology in the rehabilitation of military personnel
Authors:   Amur State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Molchanova E. E. , Romantsova E. B. ,   State Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia, Prikhodko O. B. ,   e Medical Academy of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: September 2024

The rehabilitation of military personnel who are injured or suffer from the psychological and physical consequences of hostilities is one of the key tasks of military medicine. Recently, reflexology methods attract more and more attention as an effective addition to traditional approaches. The purpose of the review is to consider the main mechanisms of action and the possibility of applying reflexology methods in the rehabilitation of military personnel. The article presents scientific research and sources confirming the effectiveness of acupuncture in the comprehensive restoration of the physical performance of conscripts, when stopping acute and chronic pain syndromes, including acupuncture on the battlefield (Battlefield Acupuncture), clinical manifestations of post -traumatic stress disorders, as well as in military surgery and traumatology. Reflexotherapy methods have a wide range of opportunities in the rehabilitation of military personnel and can have a significant impact on the well -being and quality of life of veterans and in military service.
BERKAH JAYA ELECTRIC SHOP APPLICATION IS BASED ON ANDROID
Authors: Andiani Andiani , Nur Siti Anzila
Published: September 2024

Berkah Jaya Electric Shop is a shop engaged in the sale of various kinds of electrical equipment. Goods sold by the store such as cables, sockets, and switches. The process of selling goods at the store is only done offline, namely by means of buyers coming directly to the store location. The process of managing store goods is still done by manually recording. This certainly causes problems such as the obstruction of buyers by time, and inefficient management of stock items. With this research, a sales application will be created that can make it easier for buyers to order goods, make product complaints, get information on the goods needed, and assist sellers in managing stock items and reports. This application will be built using the Waterfall method, utilizing the PHP, Laravel, and Kotlin programming languages. Making this application makes it easier for buyers to place orders via smartphones and sellers can more easily manage goods.
Spatial variations in ectoparasite Pseudione galacanthae prevalence in the squat lobster Grimothea gregaria in Argentine Patagonia
Authors: Varisco M , Derisio C , Rosón TL , Ovando L
Published: September 2024

The bopyrid Pseudione galacanthae is an ectoparasite of the squat lobster Grimothea gregaria (Munida gregaria). This study aimed to analyze the spatial variations in the prevalence of P. galacanthae in Argentine Patagonia and the potential drivers shaping this variability. To analyze this crustacean/crustacean parasitic relationship, bottom trawl net hauls, a CTD cast, and zooplankton samplings were performed in 10 locations between 43.6° and 47.7°S. Squat lobsters were assigned to 1 of 2 morphotypes (gregaria or subrugosa), sexed, and measured, and the branchial chambers were examined in search of bopyrids. Correlation analyses were performed to identify whether environmental variables (sea bottom salinity, SBS), sea bottom temperature, depth, and calanoid copepods abundance) or population traits (median of size distribution and density of squat lobsters) were related to P. galacanthae prevalence. The gregaria morphotype was dominant in the south of San Jorge Gulf (SJG), whereas the subrugosa morphotype was more abundant in the other locations. No significant differences were observed in P. galacanthae prevalence between sexes or morphotypes. Spatial variations in prevalence were observed, reaching 15.2% in the south of SJG. P. galacanthae prevalence was correlated only with SBS. We hypothesized that the highest prevalence of P. galacanthae could be related to the presence of a tidal frontal system in the south of SJG, which could favor parasite larval retention. The prevalence reported here is the highest for bopyrid parasites in squat lobster species and reveals that this interaction could have a detrimental impact on G. gregaria populations at local scale.
Moving Together: Equitable Access to Mobility Infrastructures for Older Adults in Bengaluru, India
Authors:   , Nagesh Prajwal
Published: September 2024

This PhD thesis explores later-age physical mobility-related needs, barriers and coping mechanisms of older adults in Bengaluru, India. It helps understand the ways in which urban transport systems in the context of the Global South impact ageing experiences. Later-age mobilities are crucial for ‘ageing in place’. In the context of developing countries, such as India, later-age care is mostly situated in their homes and is the responsibility of children and immediate family members. Hence, mobilities in and around these urban neighbourhoods become crucial to accessing later-age care, work opportunities and social activities. Later-age mobilities need to be studied within this context of rapid urbanisation and its expanding transport systems. This study used qualitative methods supplemented with spatial tools for understanding later-age mobilities.

This thesis has attempted to bridge a significant knowledge gap in the existing literature, that lies at the intersection of geographical gerontology, transport geography and urban studies. Using the example of Bengaluru, we have examined how transport and social inequalities shape ageing experiences in the Global South. Considering the rapid ageing of populations across cities of the Global South, such as Bengaluru and the consequent increase in investments in transport infrastructure, it is crucial to develop a clear understanding of the inclusive nature of these transport imaginaries, particularly in terms of accommodating the needs of older individuals. The analysis of Bengaluru's transport policies reveals limited engagement with transport equity, with little emphasis on creating systems that cater to the needs of older individuals. Further, the analysis of transport advisories during COVID-19 reveals paternalistic and ageist perspectives of transport policymakers. Having mapped the trajectory of transport policies for later-age mobilities in Bengaluru using the critical urban lens, the thesis ethnographically captures the mobility experiences, barriers, coping mechanisms and negotiations of socio-economically marginalised older adults and their access to work and leisure. The study points to the need for situating later-age mobilities amidst the dynamics of urbanisation, transport infrastructure and socio-economic geography as primary tenets. The study has woven evidence from user experiences, policy analysis and stakeholder insights and has provided a more holistic conceptualisation of inclusive mobility for ageing actively in the Global South.
Sustainable Approaches in Aquaculture: Pharmacological and Natural Alternatives to Antibiotics
Authors: Kılıç Nimet , Gültekin Gamze
Published: September 2024

Aquaculture, a vital component of global food production, faces challenges such as antimicrobial residues and resistance due to the extensive use of antibiotics. This review explores sustainable alternatives to antibiotics in aquaculture. Vaccines play a critical role in disease prevention, significantly reducing antibiotic reliance. Phage therapy targets specific bacterial pathogens, offering an environmentally friendly solution, while quorum quenching disrupts bacterial communication, reducing virulence without promoting resistance. Probiotics and prebiotics enhance gut health and disease resistance, with synbiotics showing synergistic effects. Emerging technologies such as parabiotics and postbiotics, along with advances in metagenomics and next-generation sequencing, improve our understanding of microbiomes, leading to more effective disease control strategies. Medicinal plants provide cost-effective, natural antimicrobial and immune-stimulating properties, while nanoparticles degrade antibiotics, reducing pollution. A multifaceted approach that integrates these methods can mitigate antimicrobial resistance risks, ensuring the sustainability of aquaculture. Tailoring strategies to specific environmental conditions, species, and pathogens is crucial, emphasizing the need for continuous development and adaptation to maintain the long-term viability of the aquaculture industry.
Exploring Communication Barriers in Bridge-Teams: An Innovative Fuzzy-Bayesian Approach
Authors: Turna İdris , Öztürk Orkun Burak
Published: September 2024

The bridge teams on merchant vessels have a grave responsibility to guarantee the safe navigation and management of ships in the critical waterways of the world. In addition to maintaining effective communication between external stations (other ships-Vessel Traffic Service), it is crucial to ensure continuous internal collaboration among the bridge team in order to fulfil this important task to the highest standard. Nevertheless, the challenging working conditions and harsh environmental factors may impede the uninterrupted flow of information between bridge teams and disrupt the communication. Communication issues among team members are frequently mentioned as a root cause in maritime accident investigation reports. The aim of this research is to propose a novel model for identifying the factors that may cause to inadequate communication among bridge team members, employing a fuzzy Bayesian network (FBN) approach. As indicated by the findings, attitudinal and behavioural barriers exert a greater influence (43.3%) on communication than language barriers (41.5%), representing the most significant factors affecting communication. Environmental barriers and cultural barriers, on the other hand, have comparatively less impact, at 38.7% and 31.2%, respectively. The sensivity analysis also revealed that the root nodes exhibiting the highest degree of impacts were cultural barriers (31.2%), age differences (20.6%), and workplace issues (20.2%). The findings suggest that bridge communication refresher training programs are essential for the mitigation of the aforementioned barriers, and are expected to lead to the development of new strategies for the overcoming of these communication barriers.
Composition of Bivalve Community in the Coastal Waters (0–4 m) of the Çanakkale Strait Along With Various Environmental Variables
Authors: Yazıcı Hazal , Ateş A. Suat , Acar Seçil
Published: September 2024

The present study focused on the soft bottom of the coastal waters (0-4 m) in the Çanakkale Strait. The objective was to determine the composition of bivalve species in the area. Sediment samples were collected using a 30×30 cm quadrat system by a SCUBA diver at eight sites between July 2008 and April 2009. The study recorded a total of 2299 individuals belonging to 55 species. The most abundant species in the study area was Lucinoma borealis. A significant positive correlation was found between seawater salinity and species diversity (rs = 0.59; p
Computation of Geometric Series on Relation between Dirichlet Eta Function and Riemann Zeta Function
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: September 2024

This paper presents a technique to computer a geometric series from the relationship between the Dirichlet eta function and the Riemann Zeta function.
Sum of Series involving Anna Iota Function and Riemann Zeta Function
Authors: Annamalai Chinnaraji
Published: September 2024

This paper discusses how the series involving the Riemann zeta function relates to the series involving the Annamalai iota function. The Riemann zeta function is the most important special functions that that plays a vital role in the area of analytic number theory and has applications in applied statistics, physics, and probability theory.
SELEKSI PROSES DAN PENENTUAN KAPASITAS PRODUKSI PABRIK HIGH FRUCTOSE CORN SYRUP
Authors: Nurfadila Annisa Rahma , Moentamaria Dwina
Published: September 2024

Gula merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok masyarakat Indonesia terutama perannya sebagai pemanis, naik untuk dikonsumsi langsung ataupun untuk kebutuhan industri makanan dan minuman. Kebutuhan gula nasional Indonesia secara umum mencapai 7,3 juta ton dengan produksi gula nasional sebesar 2,35 juta ton tidak bisa menutupi kebutuhan konsumsi. Produksi dalam negeri perlu terus ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan gula nasional. Solusi lain yang dapat dilakukan adalah mencari alternatif bahan pemanis lain yang mampu mensubstitusi gula. Salah satu gula alternatif yang digunakan yaitu sirup jagung fruktosa tinggi. Gula dari pati jagung dinilai memiliki rasa serta kemanisan yang hampir sama dengan sukrosa. Pati jagung dipilih sebagai bahan baku utama pembuatan sirup fruktosa dikarenakan salah satu komoditas terjamin di Indonesia. Berdasarkan data dari Kementerian Pertanian, provinsi Jawa Timur memperoleh peringkat pertama dalam produksi jagung dengan luas panen 1,19 juta hektar menghasilkan 5,37 juta ton. Tujuan studi literatur ini adalah untuk menentukan seleksi proses dan besar kapasitas produksi High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS). Penentuan seleksi proses ditentukan dengan metode studi literatur dari berbagai macam proses produksi High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) diantaranya hidrolisis asam-asam, asam-enzim, dan enzim-enzim. Perhitungan kapasitas produksi dilakukan dengan metode perhitungan pertumbuhan rata-rata pertahun pada proses produksi High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) dari penggunaan data ekspor dan impor pada tahun 2012-2021. Hasil studi literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas produksi High Fructose Corn Syrup (HFCS) yang akan didirikan pada tahun 2025 di Tuban, Jawa Timur adalah sebesar 15.000 ton/tahun dengan seleksi proses yang dipilih enzim-enzim.
PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI INHIBISI EKSTRAK KULIT BUAH PISANG KEPOK (MUSA PARADISIACA F) SEBAGAI GREEN CORROSION INHIBITOR MENGGUNAKAN PELARUT POLAR
Authors: Simamora Lorenz Octavia , Suharti Profiyanti Hermien
Published: September 2024

Salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang dapat dikembangkan pemanfaatannya sebagai Green Corrosion Inhibitor adalah kulit buah pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca F). Kulit buah pisang kepok dapat dijadikan sebagai Green Corrosion Inhibitor (GCI) karena mengandung antioksidan tanin yang dapat menghambat laju korosi. Pengolahan kulit buah pisang kepok menjadi GCI dapat dilakukan dengan beberapa metode ekstraksi, yaitu ekstraksi maserasi, ekstraksi soxhlet, dan UAE (Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction) dengan menggunakan pelarut polar yaitu aseton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh metode ekstraksi dan pengaruh massa kulit buah pisang kepok (Musa paradisiaca F) yang menghasilkan kadar tanin terbaik untuk digunakan sebagai GCI. Uji kuantitatif kadar tanin hasil ekstrak dilakukan menggunakan Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada masing-masing sampel yang telah diekstraksi. Setelah itu, semua sampel akan melalui proses distilasi untuk menghilangkan kandungan pelarut polar yang sebelumnya didapatkan dari beberapa proses metode ekstraksi. Tahap berikutnya adalah uji korosi larutan hasil ekstraksi pada lempengan baja karbon berukuran 2 x 3 x 1 cm menggunakan larutan NaCl selama 24 jam dalam waktu 14 hari. Kehilangan berat (weight loss) pada masing-masing lempengan baja karbon digunakan untuk menentukan efisiensi inhibisi pada masing-masing sampel. Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh dari metode ekstraksi soxhlet dengan variabel massa 20 gram yang menghasilkan kadar tanin sebesar 181,70 ppm dan menghasilkan efisiensi inhibisi tertinggi sebesar 30,68%.
 Kata kunci: aseton, tanin, ekstraksi maserasi, ekstraksi soxhlet, ultrasonic assisted extraction (UAE)
ANALISIS EKONOMI PRA RANCANGAN PABRIK KIMIA PEMBUATAN MINYAK ESTER DARI MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT BERKAPASITAS 4000 TON/TAHUN
Authors: Attaliya Yusica Radya , Sa'diyah Khalimatus
Published: September 2024

Pendirian pabrik minyak ester berbahan baku minyak kelapa sawit memberikan dampak yang positif bagi pengguna mesin transformator baik di dalam maupun luar negeri. Berdirinya pabrik minyak ester yang direncanakan berlokasi di Kecamatan Jenu, Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur dan memiliki 377 orang pekerja akan membuka peluang kerja baru bagi penduduk sekitar. Dari segi pembuatannya, minyak ester akan dihasilkan melalui proses transesterifikasi yang dinilai menghasilkan dengan konsentrasi lebih tinggi yaitu 97,69% dan waktu reaksi yang cepat yaitu 60 menit. Minyak ester dimanfaatkan oleh industri yang bergerak dibidang kosmetik, makanan, tekstil dan lainya, serta dapat digunakan menjadi bahan bakar pada mesin diesel dan pelumas. Analisis ekonomi pabrik minyak ester dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan berdirinya pabrik suatu pabrik. Analisis ekonomi dilakukan dengan menghitung analisis kelayakan dengan parameter seperti Total Capital Investment, Fixed Capital Investment, Working Capital Investmet,  dan Total Production Cost serta analisis profitabilitas. Analisis kelayakan terdiri dari Total Capital Investment sebesar Rp 168.511.817.192,47; Fixed Capital Investment sebesar Rp 143.235.044.613,60; Working Capital Investmet sebesar Rp 25.276.772.578,87; Total Production Cost sebesar Rp 161.111.907.495,60. Analisis profitabilitas terdiri dari, nilai Return On Investment sebelum pajak sebesar 14% dan sesudah pajak sebesar 12%. Sedangkan nilai Minimum Pay Out Time sebelum pajak sebesar 3,85 tahun dan sesudah pajak sebesar 4,24 tahun. Break Event Point yang didapatkan 23,53% dan nilai Shut Down Point yang didapatkan sebesar 9%, sehingga diperoleh Internal Rate of Return sebesar 17%. Hasil analisis ekonomi menunjukkan kelayakan finansial pembangunan pabrik minyak ester dengan kapasitas 4000 ton/tahun.
EVALUASI KINERJA ALAT LOW PRESSURE HEATER PT PLN NUSANTARA POWER UP TANJUNG AWAR-AWAR
Authors: Rizaldi Salsabila Putri , Naryono Eko , Effendi Rizqi Rajiv
Published: September 2024

PT PLN Nusantara Power UP Tanjung Awar – Awar merupakan salah satu pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU) berkapasitas 2 × 350 MW di Indonesia yang menggunakan batubara sebagai bahan bakar utamanya. Proses pada PLTU melibatkan penggunaan steam untuk memutar sudu turbin guna menghasilkan gerakan mekanik yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi listrik melalui generator. Steam yang digunakan berasal dari pemanasan air di dalam boiler untuk di ubah fasenya menjadi uap kering melalui panas hasil pembakaran batubara. Guna meningkatkan efisiensi produksi pabrik, serta meringankan beban boiler dan konsumsi batubara maka diperlukan evaluasi alat low pressure heater. Evaluasi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinerja low pressure heater (LPH) apakah alat tersebut masih layak atau perlu dilakukan perbaikan. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung kinerja low pressure heater menggunakan The American Society of Mechanical Engineers Performance Test Codes (ASME PTC) 12.1, dengan menghitung variabel nilai Terminal Temperature Difference (TTD), Drain Cooler Approach (DCA), dan Temperature Rise (TR). Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa kinerja low pressure heater di PLTU Tanjung Awar – Awar masih berfungsi dengan baik. Kesimpulan dari evaluasi ini adalah bahwa alat low pressure heater masih layak digunakan dan tidak memerlukan perbaikan saat ini.
PENDAMPINGAN PEMBUATAN KAPSULASI JAMU HERBAL LIMBAH KULIT KAKAO DI DESA SUMBERAGUNG, BANYUWANGI
Authors: Hardiyanti Siska Aprilia , Masetya Mukti  , Zulis Erwanto
Published: September 2024

Di Indonesia, tanaman kakao tersebar di berbagai pulau. Di Jawa Timur, kakao menjadi komoditas penting yang meningkatkan pendapatan petani dan mendukung ekonomi daerah. Hingga kini, kulit buah kakao di perkebunan besar umumnya hanya digunakan sebagai pupuk. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan cara yang lebih efektif dan bernilai ekonomis tinggi untuk memanfaatkan kulit kakao sebagai bahan dasar jamu herbal berupa ekstrak kulit kakao untuk pencegahan penuaan dini atau anti-aging. Kegiatan ini ditujukan kepada para petani kakao di Desa Sumberagung, Kecamatan Siliragung, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, dengan program yang berlangsung dari Maret hingga November. Tahap awal meliputi survei lahan petani kakao di Desa Sumberagung, kolaborasi dengan petani, pengumpulan bahan baku, pembuatan desain kemasan NutriCao, penyelenggaraan workshop pembuatan jamu NutriCao, sosialisasi mengenai jamu NutriCao, dan publikasi. Program ini memberikan kontribusi positif bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan dalam menangani limbah kulit kakao, bekerjasama dengan petani, serta menciptakan peluang kerja.
Bridging science communication and open science—Working inclusively toward the common good
Authors: Oliveira Monique , Barata Germana , Fleerackers Alice , Alperin Juan Pablo , Falade Bankole , Bauer Martin W.
Published: September 2024

The 2020–2022 pandemic highlighted concerns about “information disorders”, pressing for approaches capable of guiding the science-society alliance toward a mutually beneficial direction. This essay advocates for and presents a framework proposing the combination of Open Science (OS) and Science Communication (SciComm) practices. OS encourages public access to scientific material, while SciComm has historically enabled public understanding of scientific knowledge. Despite their similar goals, these two communities are disconnected. We draw on the concepts of “boundary object” and “epistemic trust” to demonstrate how this framework could foster a bond between scientific expertise and public reason toward an informed and inclusive common good. The OS-SciComm framework is based on the notion that ensuring transparency in science also requires “bridging tools” that deal with the complexity of scientific lexicon and processes. It values scientific expertise, but does not undermine citizens' capabilities in information processing and their interest in accessing scientific outputs. Our proposal also acknowledges controversies involving open scientific materials during the COVID-19 pandemic and advises caution when drawing conclusions from cases that are often context-specific. The OS-SciComm framework requires innovative ideas, platforms and actions. We invite both communities to join us in this endeavor.
Combating cancer stem cells: RNA m6A methylation and small-molecule drug discovery
Authors: Zhang Honghai , Wang Xueer , Chen Jianjun , Su Rui
Published: September 2024

Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small population of less differentiated cells with robust self-renewal ability. CSCs have been recognized as the root cause of tumor initiation, progression, relapse, and drug resistance. Recent studies from us and others have highlighted that N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent modification in mRNA, plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis and CSC homeostasis. Dysregulation of the m6A modification machinery has been implicated in CSC survival and self-renewal, thereby regulating cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. In this review, we provide an overview of the roles and molecular mechanisms of the RNA m6A modification machinery in CSC survival and self-renewal. Additionally, we summarize the currently known small-molecule inhibitors targeting the dysregulated m6A modification machinery and discuss proof-of-concept studies focusing on the efficacy of these compounds in eliminating CSCs and cancers.
Recent advances of traditional Chinese medicine against cardiovascular disease: overview and potential mechanisms
Authors: Dai Junting , Qiu Lulu , Lu Yi , Li Miao
Published: September 2024

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of human mortality worldwide. Despite Western medicine having made encouraging results in the clinical management of CVD, the morbidity, mortality, and disability rates of the disease remain high. Modern pharmacology has confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), characterized by its multi-component, multi-target, and integrity, plays a positive and important role in the prevention and treatment of various CVDs in China, which has notable advantages in stabilizing disease, improving heart function, and enhancing the quality of life. Importantly, TCM is gradually being accepted by the international community due to its low cost, high safety, versatile bioactivity, and low toxicity. Unfortunately, comprehensive studies on the therapeutic effect of TCM on CVD and its mechanisms are very limited, which may restrict the clinical application of TCM in CVD. Therefore, this review is performed to analyze the pathogenesis of CVD, including inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, pyroptosis, ferroptosis, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, etc. Moreover, we summarized the latest progress of TCM (formulas, extracts, and compounds) in curing CVD according to published literature from 2018 to 2023, as well as its mechanisms and clinical evidence. In conclusion, this review is expected to provide useful information and reference for the clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of CVD and further drug development of CVD.
Serum ionized magnesium acts as an independent protective factor against bone erosion in patients with gouty arthritis: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Li Yixuan , Wang Yahao , Xu Lili , Liu Chuanfeng , Cui Jiufa , Huang Yajing , Li Shufa , Wang Yangang , Dong Bingzi
Published: September 2024

Background

Gouty arthritis is a common inflammatory arthritis. The recurrent gout attacks severely damage the joint’s function, lead to bone erosion, and affect bone metabolism. The role of magnesium (Mg) ions in bone homeostasis has been recognized, whereas its specific relationship with gouty bone erosion remains unclear. This study examined the association between serum ionized Mg levels and bone erosion in patients with gout arthritis.

Methods

A total of 769 patients with gout arthritis were included in the study. Participants were classified into four groups based on the quartiles of the serum ionized Mg level. Logistic regression analysis assessed the association between serum ionized Mg and bone erosion.

Results

Compared to patients without bone erosion, serum ionized Mg levels were lower in gout patients with bone erosion (p<0.001). When dividing serum ionized Mg into quartiles, the prevalence rate of bone erosion in group Q1, representing the patients with the lowest serum ionized Mg levels, was notably higher than in Q2, Q3, and Q4 (60.2% vs. 43.6%, 45.6%, 40.3%, p<0.001). Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that patients in Q2-Q4 had a lower odds ratio (OR) of bone erosion compared to those in Q1 (ORs were 0.520, 0.533, and 0.411 in Q2-Q4, respectively, p<0.001).

Conclusion

The incidence of bone erosion is higher in gout arthritis patients with lower serum ionized Mg levels. High serum ionized Mg levels may be an independent protective factor for bone erosion in gout arthritis. Thus, Mg supplementation may be a promising approach to prevent or slow down the development of bone erosion in gouty arthritis.
Weight-adjusted waist index is positively and linearly associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: findings from NHANES 1999-2018
Authors: Liu Weijie , Yang Xiulin , Zhan Ting , Huang Min , Tian Xiaorong , Tian Xia , Huang Xiaodong
Published: September 2024

Background

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is the most common chronic liver disease. Body mass index (BMI) is the most used obesity index but has important limitations. The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel obesity metric and accurately reflects body composition. We explored the association of WWI with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in MASLD.

Methods

Adult participants with MASLD were included from NHANES 1999-2018. WWI was calculated by dividing the waist circumference (WC) by the square root of body weight. MASLD was diagnosed by the presence of hepatic steatosis and at least one cardiometabolic risk factor in the absence of other causes of steatosis. A fatty liver index ≥60 suggested the presence of hepatic steatosis. Mortality data was obtained by prospectively linking to the National Death Index. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were used to explore these associations and multiple adjustment models were constructed including crude, partial, and fully adjusted models.

Results

After adjusting for all covariates including BMI, WWI remained positively and linearly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in MASLD (hazard ratios [HR] 1.247 and 1.218, respectively). Higher WWI was associated with a significantly increased risk of mortality (both p for trend <0.05). There was an “obesity paradox” between BMI and all-cause mortality in MASLD, with significantly lower all-cause mortality in those with overweight/obesity compared to normal BMI (HR 0.625 and 0.596, respectively, p for trend = 0.024), and no association between BMI and CVD mortality. Interaction analyses indicated that these associations were influenced by several demographic variables and disease status. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves indicated that the predictive value of WWI for mortality in MASLD was higher than that of BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio across all follow-up durations.

Conclusions

WWI was positively and linearly associated with all-cause and CVD mortality in MASLD, whereas BMI did not accurately reflect mortality risk. WWI provided the optimal predictive value for mortality compared to traditional obesity indicators. These findings emphasize the potential use of WWI as a novel obesity indicator for mortality risk assessment, stratification, and prevention in MASLD.
Prognostic biomarkers for immunotherapy in esophageal cancer
Authors: Tong Xu , Jin Meiyuan , Wang Lulu , Zhang Dongli , Yin Yuping , Shen Qian
Published: September 2024

Esophageal cancer (EC), a common type of malignant tumor, ranks as the sixth highest contributor to cancer-related mortality worldwide. Due to the condition that most patients with EC are diagnosed at advanced or metastatic status, the efficacy of conventional treatments including surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy is limited, resulting in a dismal 5-year overall survival rate. In recent years, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has presented a novel therapeutic avenue for EC patients. Both ICIs monotherapy and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy (CRT) have demonstrated marked benefits for patients with advanced EC. Adjuvant or neoadjuvant therapy incorporating immunotherapy has also demonstrated promising prospects in the context of perioperative treatment. Nonetheless, due to the variable response observed among patients undergoing immunotherapy, it is of vital importance to identify predictive biomarkers for patient stratification, to facilitate identification of subgroups who may derive greater benefits from immunotherapy. In this review, we summarize validated or potential biomarkers for immunotherapy in EC in three dimensions: tumor-cell-associated biomarkers, tumor-immune microenvironment (TIME)-associated factors, and host-associated biomarkers, so as to provide a theoretical foundation to inform tailored therapy for individuals diagnosed with EC.
NOD2-mediated dual negative regulation of inflammatory responses triggered by TLRs in the gastrointestinal tract
Authors: Masaki Sho , Masuta Yasuhiro , Honjo Hajime , Kudo Masatoshi , Watanabe Tomohiro
Published: September 2024

Loss-of-function mutations in nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2 (NOD2) constitute the primary risk factors for Crohn’s disease. NOD2 is an intracellular sensor for muramyl dipeptide (MDP), a small molecule derived from the peptidoglycan layer of bacterial cell wall. Although NOD2 is involved in host immune responses, much attention has been paid to the involvement of NOD2 in the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis. Despite the fact that the proinflammatory cytokine and chemokine responses induced by NOD2 activation alone are weaker than those induced by toll-like receptors (TLRs), NOD2 plays a crucial role in host defense against invading pathogens and in the regulation of immune responses. Recent studies have highlighted the importance of negative regulatory functions of NOD2 in TLRs-mediated proinflammatory cytokine responses. MDP-mediated activation of NOD2 induces interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) expression, thereby suppressing nuclear factor-κB-dependent colitogenic cytokine responses through the inhibition of Lys(K)63-linked polyubiquitination on receptor-interacting serine/threonine protein kinase 2. MDP-mediated activation of NOD2 also downregulates TLR9-induced type I IFN responses by inhibiting the K63-linked polyubiquitination of TNF receptor-associated factor 3 via deubiquitinating enzyme A (DUBA) expression. Thus, NOD2 exerts dual negative regulation of TLRs-mediated proinflammatory cytokine and type I IFN responses by inducing the expression of IRF4 and DUBA, respectively. In this review, we summarize the molecular mechanisms whereby NOD2 activation suppresses TLRs-mediated proinflammatory and type I IFN responses. In addition, we discuss the clinical relevance of the NOD2-mediated negative regulation of TLRs in inflammatory bowel disease.
Reduced antiviral gene expression and elevated CXCL8 expression in peripheral blood are associated with severe hypoxemia in RSV-infected children
Authors: Pita-Martínez Carlos , Goez-Sanz Carmen , Virseda-Berdices Ana , Gonzalez-Praetorius Alejandro , Mazario-Martín Esther , Rodriguez-Mesa María , Quero-Delgado Marta , Matías Vanesa , Martínez Isidoro , Resino Salvador
Published: September 2024

The pathology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection remains unclear. An unbalanced immune response to RSV infection can lead to immunopathology, causing airway damage and impaired exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and the bloodstream. We aimed to evaluate the association of the expression of inflammatory and antiviral genes in peripheral blood with severe hypoxemia in children with RSV infection seen in the hospital emergency room. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 121 RSV-infected children seen in hospital emergency rooms between 2015 and 2023. Total RNA was extracted from whole blood samples, and gene expression (IL-6, TNFα, CXCL8, ISG15, IFIT1, RIGI, IFNβ, CCL5, and CXCL10) was quantified using quantitative RT-PCR. The outcome variable was having severe hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 90%). The association analysis was performed using a volcano plot, adjusted logistic regression, and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). We found that 26 of 121 children had severe hypoxemia (SpO2 ≤ 90%). CXCL8 was overexpressed [fold changes (FC) > 2; q-value < 0.05], and ISG15, IFIT1, RIGI, IFNβ, CCL5, and CXCL10 were underexpressed (FC <0.5; q-value <0.05) in children with severe hypoxemia. These associations were ratified using adjusted logistic regression. The OPLS-DA showed that the gene expressions of CXCL8, ISG15, IFIT1, RIGI, and CXCL10 had values of variable importance in projection (VIP) ≥1, being the most relevant features. In conclusion, an imbalance favoring inflammation over antiviral defense may contribute to the pathogenesis of severe hypoxemia in RSV-infected children. These findings provide valuable insights into the pathology of RSV infection.