bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian Belief Network Modeling of Accident Occurrence in Metal Lathe Machining Operations
Authors:   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, Akinyemi Olasunkanmi O. , Adeyemi Hezekiah O. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, Olatunde Olanrewaju B. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, Folorunsho Olaolu ,   Department of Computer Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria, Musa Muhammed B. ,   Department of Mechanical Engineering, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Nigeria
Published: September 2023

Accidents occurrence in metal lathe machining operations in industrial workshops often cost organizations billions of dollars while injured workers and families are faced with financial and emotional burdens. Studies revealed that the fly-out accident is the most probable accident that occurs during metal lathe machining operations. The uncertainty surrounding its occurrence is rarely reported. This study, therefore, modeled the uncertainty surrounding the occurrence of a fly-out accident during metal lathe machining operations and its corresponding consequences using the Bayesian belief network (BBN). Fly-out accident causal factors were identified representing the parent nodes with two states each. Two child-node scenarios were modeled on Bayesian belief influence diagrams, namely the fly-out accident with two states (yes and no) and the consequences of the fly-out accident with three states (fatal, serious and minor). Seven causal factors of the fly-out accident were identified (chuck-related fault, tool-post failure, workpiece holding fault, coolant fault, wrong operating speed, safety-related guards fault and wrong feed rate). Bayesian causal inference of fly-out accident was 0.708 and the fatal fly-out accident was 0.263. Bayesian diagnostic inference showed that chuck association fault and improper feed rate were significant causal factors influencing the occurrence of a fly-out accident, fatal fly-out accident and serious fly-out accident, while the occurrence of a minor fly-out accident was affected by coolant fault during machining operations. The study identified areas of safety concerns that may be used for the development of Machine Workshop Safety Management Systems toward sustainable, safe, and effective machine workshop operations.
Location Analysis of Fire Stations in Cagayan de Oro City using Minimum Impedance (P-Median Problem) and Maximal Covering Location Problem (MCLP) with Q-Coverage Requirement Approaches
Authors:   Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines – Cagayan de Oro, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Philippines, Labita Altea S. , Namoco Rhoda A. ,   Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Science and Technology of Southern Philippines – Cagayan de Oro, Cagayan de Oro City, 9000 Philippines
Published: September 2023

This study aimed to address the problem of the Bureau of Fire Protection (BFP) in determining the strategic locations of the fire stations in Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines to provide a fast and timely response using the facility location problem (FLP). This study compared two FLP models, namely minimum impedance and the maximal covering location problem (MCLP) to determine the optimal number and the respective best locations of the fire stations without relocation. In addition, a set of adopted performance criteria was employed to evaluate which model fitted the problem. In the integration of the Q-coverage requirement, results identified the backup fire stations of each barangay (village) if the primary fire station is unavailable or responding to other demands. The results revealed that MCLP performed better than the minimum impedance across the average travel distances of 1.19, 3.43, and 4.44 km for Q values 1, 2 and 3, respectively. Moreover, MCLP outperformed each of the three criteria for all of the Q values. Thus, the MCLP provided an efficient application for deciding on the locations of fire stations to minimize the travel distance between demand, primary and backup fire stations, thereby fulfilling its mandate of protecting communities from destructive fires and other emergencies.
An Intelligent Decision Support Model for Optimal Selection of Machine Tool under Uncertainty: Recent Trends
Authors: Hezam Ibrahim M.
Published: September 2023

Many scholars have been interested in the subject of machine tool selection as a result of the growing number of different machines and the continuous advancement of technology associated with these machines. The selection of an unsuitable machine tool may lead to a variety of issues, including limitations on production capacities and productivity indicators when taking into account both time and money from an industrial and practical perspective. The present strategy of selecting machine tools, known as multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM), relies on the subjective viewpoint the vast majority of the time. When selecting an appropriate machining tool, however, it is necessary to take both the subjective and objective points of view into consideration. This is due to the fact that the objective assessment accurately reflects the performance of the machine tools. As a result, the purpose of this work is to provide a strategy for selecting machine tools that are based on an innovative hybrid MCDM framework. The study was conducted under a neutrosophic environment and using triangular neutrosophic numbers (TNNs). In the beginning, the CRiteria Importance through Intercriteria Correlation (CRITIC) method is used to assess and prioritize the criteria set for the study. Then, the Additive Ratio Assessment (ARAS) method is applied to evaluate and rank four machine tools that were selected and used as alternatives in the study. The results indicate that the criteria of maximum spindle speed and linkage accuracy are the most important in determining the best machine tool. Also, the results indicate that the best alternative among the four tools used is FIDLA GTF-28. As a result, the requirements and priorities for research in the future are highlighted.
An Introduction to Bipolar Pythagorean Refined Sets
Authors: Janani R. , Shalini A. Francina
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to introduce the new concept of a Bipolar Pythagorean refined set by combining the two notions called a Bipolar Pythagorean set and a Pythagorean refined set. Also, the basic operations and algebraic properties of the Bipolar Pythagorean refined set are discussed with suitable examples.
Neutrosophic Model to Examine the Challenges Faced by Manufacturing Businesses in Adopting Green Supply Chain Practices and to Provide Potential Solutions
Authors: Mohamed Zenat , Ismail Mahmoud M. , Abd El-Gawad Amal F.
Published: September 2023

Several obstacles stand in the way of companies trying to adopt green supply-chain practices. The purpose of this research is to examine the challenges faced by the industrial industry in adopting green supply chain practices and to provide potential solutions. The information for this research was gathered via in-depth, personal conversations with manufacturing sector managers who are well-versed in green supply chain practices. The Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique was used in the evaluation phase to evaluate obstacles and assess efficient options for introducing green supply chain practices. The TOPSIS method is integrated with the neutrosophic set. The neutrosophic set is used to deal with uncertain data. This study used eight barriers to analysis and eight solutions to rank. We obtained collaboration as the best solution. To find places for improvement and garner support for sustainability efforts, it is helpful to work together with suppliers, customers, and other stakeholders.
Compactness and Neutrosophic Topological Space via Grills
Authors: Dhar Runu
Published: September 2023

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of various types of compactness in neutrosophic topological space via grills. We shall generalize neutrosophic C - compact space and neutrosophic G - compact space and introduce C(G) - compact space in neutrosophic topological space with respect to grills. We shall call it as neutrosophic C - compact with respect to grills and term it as neutrosophic C(G) - compact space. We shall also investigate some of its basic properties and characterization theorems. We shall also study the neutrosophic quasi - H - closed space with respect to a grill.
Towards a Responsive Resilient Supply Chain based on Industry 5.0: A Case Study in Healthcare Systems
Authors: Gamal Abduallah , Abd El-Gawad Amal F. , Abouhawwash Mohamed
Published: September 2023

Executives and academics have presented the idea of Industry 5.0, which is an attempt to build upon the previous iteration, Industry 4.0, by including many important tenets such as human-centricity, resilience, and sustainability. Because of the significance of this idea, the current study provides a decision-making framework to examine a responsive supply chain dubbed responsive supply chain 5.0 for healthcare systems. This framework takes into consideration the aspects of Industry 5.0. In order to do this, at the onset, the most important connected factors and strategies are determined by consulting the relevant experts and body of published research. This problem has been considered a multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Initially, the DEMATEL method was used to assess and prioritize the main criteria and their sub-indicators. Secondly, the CRADIS method was used to evaluate and rank the strategies used to make the supply chain more responsive. The results indicate that the collaboration and sharing of information strategy is the most appropriate strategy if applied.
About wiki-to-print
Authors: Berends Manetta , Browne Simon
Published: September 2023

This journal is made with wiki-to-print, a collective publishing environment based on MediaWiki software, Paged Media CSS techniques and the JavaScript library Paged.js, which renders a preview of the PDF in the browser. Using wiki-to-print allows us to work shoulder-to-shoulder as collaborative writers, editors, designers, developers, in a non-linear publishing workflow where design and content unfolds at the same time, allowing the one to shape the other.
Rendering Post-Anthropocentric Visions
Authors: Fartan Teodora Sinziana
Published: September 2023

This paper formulates a strategic activation of speculative-computational practices of worlding by situating them as networked epistemologies of resistance. Through the integration of Deleuze and Guattari's concept of a ‘minor literature’ with the distributed software ontologies of algorithmic worlds, a tentative politics for thinking-with worlds is mapped, anchored in the potential of worlding to counter the dominant narratives of our techno-capitalist cultural imaginary. With particular attention to the ways in which the affordances of software can become operative and offer alternative scales of engagement with modes of being-otherwise, an initial theoretical mapping of how worlding operates as a multi-faceted and critical storytelling practice is formulated.
From Feminist Servers to Feminist Federation
Authors: Wessalowski Nate , Karagianni Mara
Published: September 2023

Situated within the technofeminist care practices of feminist servers, this text explores the possibilities of feminist federation. Speaking from our collective practice of system administration, we start by introducing Systerserver, laying out the feminist pedagogies that inform our practice of learning and doing together with technologies and the politics of maintenance and care. We then revisit the identity politics of feminist servers as more than safe/r spaces in the cis-male-dominated domain of free/libre and open source software communities. Finally, we reflect on our experiences of building and federating a feminist video platform with the PeerTube software on Systerserver. Facing the techno-social challenges around the protocol of federation and adapting the software alongside our federating practice, we focus on sustainable and care-oriented alternatives to ‘scaling up’ the affective infrastructures of our feminist servers.
Éduquer au risque d’exclure ? Le cas du projet d’alimentation durable Tast’in Fives
Authors: Fauquette Alexandre , Gibout Christophe
Published: September 2023

De plus en plus de villes se lancent dans des projets d’alimentation durable. Or la promotion d’une alimentation dite saine et durable, dont les principes et les pratiques correspondent à l’éthos culinaire des classes moyennes et/ou dominantes, peut parfois servir de cheval de Troie à des processus croissants de gentrification urbaine guidés par un substrat hygiéniste. On assiste alors à une inculcation des conduites qui, à travers la double injonction du manger sain et du devenir mince, utilise une « moralisation douce » qui tend à exclure les populations ne s’y conformant pas ou s’y refusant. C’est aux ressorts de cette inculcation des conduites et aux étiquetages qu’elle produit, mais aussi aux résistances qu’elle engendre, que nous proposons de nous intéresser dans cet article tiré d’une recherche-action sur le projet urbain Tast’in Fives (TIF), mis en oeuvre par la mairie de Lille et financé par l’Union européenne. Notre enquête se base sur de nombreuses observations participantes menées au sein d’ateliers de cuisine organisés dans le cadre de ce projet, ainsi que 50 entretiens approfondis auprès des organisateurs de ces ateliers et de leurs publics.
Repenser les luttes pour l’accès à la terre dans la ville postindustrielle1
Authors: Safransky Sara
Published: September 2023

Les politiques raciales et culturelles concernant l’accès à la terre et la propriété sont au coeur des luttes urbaines, mais ont reçu relativement peu d’attention de la part des géographes. Cet article analyse les luttes pour l’accès à la terre qui ont cours à Détroit, où plus de 100 000 terrains sont classés comme « vacants ». Depuis 2010, les urbanistes et les autorités gouvernementales ont élaboré des plans controversés dans le but de ruraliser les quartiers « vacants » de Détroit dans le cadre d’un programme d’austérité fiscale, ranimant d’anciennes questions de dépossession liée à la race, de souveraineté et de luttes de libération. Cet article se penche sur ces politiques litigieuses à travers l’examen des conflits provoqués par la proposition d’un homme d’affaires blanc de construire la plus grande forêt urbaine du monde au centre d’une ville à majorité noire. Je me suis intéressée à la façon dont les résidents, les agriculteurs urbains et les activistes communautaires ont résisté au projet en revendiquant les terrains vacants en tant que communs urbains. Ils ont fait valoir que ces terres sont occupées et qu’elles appartiennent à ceux qui ont travaillé et souffert pour elles. En combinant l’ethnographie communautaire aux idées de la théorie critique de la propriété, des études critiques de la race et de la théorie postcoloniale, je soutiens que les luttes pour la terre à Détroit dépassent les conflits sur la redistribution des ressources. Elles sont indissociables des débats sur les notions de race, de propriété et de citoyenneté qui sous-tendent les démocraties libérales modernes et les luttes actuelles pour la décolonisation.
Travail invisible et liens informels entre campagne ordinaire et rue populaire
Authors: Darly Ségolène
Published: September 2023

Cet article fait le récit de la vente informelle d’épis de maïs franciliens dans les rues de l’agglomération parisienne en montrant qu’une partie de cette activité contribue à la relocalisation silencieuse du système alimentaire urbain dans les quartiers populaires de la métropole. En l’abordant à travers les témoignages des travailleurs et non uniquement par la géographie des flux de marchandises, il a été possible de montrer le rôle moteur des efforts quotidiens de subsistance dans le renouvellement de la ville par ses marges. La vente de maïs dans la rue doit cependant faire face aux contradictions internes du modèle de la ville durable : alors qu’il n’a jamais été autant question de réduire l’empreinte écologique de l’alimentation des villes par la relocalisation des approvisionnements, la requalification urbaine des quartiers populaires réduit les possibilités de déploiement de systèmes intermédiaires frugaux qui renouvellent les liens avec la campagne voisine.
Des logiques militantes et productives en tension ?
Authors: Véron Bérangère
Published: September 2023

Cet article entend nuancer une thèse mise en avant par de nombreux travaux sur les coopératives alimentaires, qui souligne les tensions entre leurs objectifs militants et productifs. En mobilisant les données d’une enquête ethnographique réalisée à Paris sur une période de deux ans, et en s’appuyant sur le modèle de l’articulation contingente segmentée proposé par Giry et Wokuri (2020), l’article montre que ces tensions sont loin d’être unanimement perçues « de l’intérieur ». À travers l’exemple de la politique d’achat et de vente de la coopérative étudiée, nous montrons que l’articulation de ses objectifs militants et productifs, telle qu’elle transparaît dans les discours des enquêtés, est bien contingente et segmentée. La politique d’achat et de vente est ici déclinée en trois segments : la politique tarifaire de la coopérative, le choix des produits, et le fonctionnement hybride du magasin. La première partie montre que pour chacun de ces trois segments, les coopérateurs ont des points de vue hétérogènes sur les rapports entre rendements militants et productifs, ceux-ci étant tout aussi bien décrits comme divergents, convergents ou indépendants. La seconde partie montre que les perceptions des coopérateurs, et plus largement leur engagement dans la coopérative, sont partiellement stabilisés à travers diverses activités de régulation (Le Velly, 2017). La conclusion souligne que se pencher sur la manière dont les coopérateurs définissent « ce qui compte » pour eux permet de nourrir une réflexion plus large sur la pérennité des initiatives alternatives qui se montent actuellement, et sur le potentiel d’essaimage des coopératives.
Translation of dipeptide repeat proteins in C9ORF72 ALS/FTD through unique and redundant AUG initiation codons
Authors: Sonobe Yoshifumi , Lee Soojin , Krishnan Gopinath , Gu Yuanzheng , Kwon Deborah Y , Gao Fen-Biao , Roos Raymond P , Kratsios Paschalis
Published: September 2023

A hexanucleotide repeat expansion in C9ORF72 is the most common genetic cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). A hallmark of ALS/FTD pathology is the presence of dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins, produced from both sense GGGGCC (poly-GA, poly-GP, poly-GR) and antisense CCCCGG (poly-PR, poly-PG, poly-PA) transcripts. Translation of sense DPRs, such as poly-GA and poly-GR, depends on non-canonical (non-AUG) initiation codons. Here, we provide evidence for canonical AUG-dependent translation of two antisense DPRs, poly-PR and poly-PG. A single AUG is required for synthesis of poly-PR, one of the most toxic DPRs. Unexpectedly, we found redundancy between three AUG codons necessary for poly-PG translation. Further, the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2D (EIF2D), which was previously implicated in sense DPR synthesis, is not required for AUG-dependent poly-PR or poly-PG translation, suggesting that distinct translation initiation factors control DPR synthesis from sense and antisense transcripts. Our findings on DPR synthesis from the C9ORF72 locus may be broadly applicable to many other nucleotide repeat expansion disorders.
ROCK and the actomyosin network control biomineral growth and morphology during sea urchin skeletogenesis
Authors: Hijaze Eman , Gildor Tsvia , Seidel Ronald , Layous Majed , Winter Mark , Bertinetti Luca , Politi Yael , Ben-Tabou de-Leon Smadar
Published: September 2023

Biomineralization had apparently evolved independently in different phyla, using distinct minerals, organic scaffolds, and gene regulatory networks (GRNs). However, diverse eukaryotes from unicellular organisms, through echinoderms to vertebrates, use the actomyosin network during biomineralization. Specifically, the actomyosin remodeling protein, Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase (ROCK) regulates cell differentiation and gene expression in vertebrates’ biomineralizing cells, yet, little is known on ROCK’s role in invertebrates’ biomineralization. Here, we reveal that ROCK controls the formation, growth, and morphology of the calcite spicules in the sea urchin larva. ROCK expression is elevated in the sea urchin skeletogenic cells downstream of the Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) signaling. ROCK inhibition leads to skeletal loss and disrupts skeletogenic gene expression. ROCK inhibition after spicule formation reduces the spicule elongation rate and induces ectopic spicule branching. Similar skeletogenic phenotypes are observed when ROCK is inhibited in a skeletogenic cell culture, indicating that these phenotypes are due to ROCK activity specifically in the skeletogenic cells. Reduced skeletal growth and enhanced branching are also observed under direct perturbations of the actomyosin network. We propose that ROCK and the actomyosin machinery were employed independently, downstream of distinct GRNs, to regulate biomineral growth and morphology in Eukaryotes.
The evolution of SARS-CoV-2 and the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Si Yuanfang , Wu Weidong , Xue Xia , Sun Xiangdong , Qin Yaping , Li Ya , Qiu Chunjing , Li Yingying , Zhuo Ziran , Mi Yang , Zheng Pengyuan
Published: September 2023

Scientists have made great efforts to understand the evolution of SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) to provide crucial information to public health experts on strategies to control this viral pathogen. The pandemic of the coronavirus disease that began in 2019, COVID-19, lasted nearly three years, and nearly all countries have set different epidemic prevention policies for this virus. The continuous evolution of SARS-CoV-2 alters its pathogenicity and infectivity in human hosts, thus the policy and treatments have been continually adjusted. Based on our previous study on the dynamics of binding ability prediction between the COVID-19 spike protein and human ACE2, the present study mined over 10 million sequences and epidemiological data of SARS-CoV-2 during 2020-2022 to understand the evolutionary path of SARS-CoV-2. We analyzed and predicted the mutation rates of the whole genome and main proteins of SARS-CoV-2 from different populations to understand the adaptive relationship between humans and COVID-19. Our study identified a correlation of the mutation rates from each protein of SARS-CoV-2 and various human populations. Overall, this analysis provides a scientific basis for developing data-driven strategies to confront human pathogens.
Genetic polymorphisms in the C19orf66 gene influenced HIV-1 infection in a Yunnan population
Authors: Zhang Yaxiang , Feng Yue , Liu Yang , Liu Li , Xia Xueshan , Zhang A-Mei
Published: September 2023

Background

Due to the deficiencies of vaccines and effective medicine, the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection mechanism should be studied. The C19orf66 gene, one of the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), expresses broad-spectra anti-viral activity, including inhibiting HIV replication.

Methods

In this study, we collect 421 HIV-1 infected patients and 448 controls to genotype three SNPs in the C19orf66 gene. Then, the association between SNPs and biochemical indices/ HIV-1 subtypes are analyzed.

Results

Genotypes CC and CT of rs12611087 show statistically lower and higher frequencies in HIV-1 infected patients than in controls, respectively. Alleles C and T of rs12611087 play protective and risk roles in Yunnan HIV population, respectively. Biochemical indices analysis shows that HIV-1 infected persons carried genotype TT of rs77076061 express significantly lower CD3+/CD45+ ratio level and higher IBIL level. The epidemic subtypes of HIV-1 patients in this study are CRF 07_BC and CRF 08_BC. Moreover, subtype CRF 08_BC tends to infect persons with genotype CC of rs12611087.

Conclusion

The genetic polymorphisms of the C19orf66 gene are firstly studied and reported to associate with HIV-1 infection and biochemical indices of patients in Yunnan. Furthermore, subtype CRF 08_BC infection could be influenced by genotypes of SNP in the C19orf66 gene.
Clinical Evaluation of Pro-Argin and Low Level Laser Therapy in the Treatment of Dentinal Hypersensitivity: A Splitmouth Randomised Clinical Trial
Authors: Anusha B , Latha Veermasi Lakshmi Sai , Sruthima NVSG , Penmetsa Gautami S , Ramesh KSV , Kumar P Mohan
Published: September 2023

Introduction: Dentinal Hypersensitivity (DH) is the most prevalent condition that causes patients discomfort for patients, leading them to frequently visit dental offices. A wide range of methods and therapeutic procedures have evolved for pain alleviation have evolved. In recent decades, desensitising therapy has been coupled with newer therapies such as Pro-Argin and LowLevel Laser Therapy (LLLT). Pro-Argin therapy occludes the openings of dentinal tubules, while Diode Lasers (DL) cause a melting effect, crystallisation of dentine inorganic components, and coagulation of fluids trapped inside the dentinal tubules, thereby reducing the hypersensitivity. Aim: To compare the efficacy of Pro-Argin and LLLT -475 nm (Bluelase) in providing immediate relief in the treatment of dentinal hypersensitivity. Materials and Methods: This was a double-blind randomised split-mouth clinical trial involving from December 2021 to March 2022, including 12 patients (120 teeth) with bilateral hypersensitivity. They were divided into Group A (Pro-Argin) and Group B (LLLT-475 nm) both with 12 patients and 60 teeth each. Hypersensitivity was recorded using the Schiff cold air sensitivity scale and the Visual Analog Pain Scale (VAS) at baseline and at 15 minutes after desensitising therapy. Results: The study included 12 subjects with bilateral dentinal hypersensitivity, categorised into Group A (Pro-Argin) (Colgate Sensitive Pro-relief) and Group B (LLLT at 475 nm), with 60 teeth each. The Results were assessed using the independent t-test for inter-group comparison and the t-test for intra-group comparison. On inter-group comparison of the Schiff cold air sensitivity score, there was a statistically significant reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity in both the groups (p<0.001) with no statistical significance in VAS scores. However, on intra-group comparison; there was a statistically significant reduction in VAS scores in Group B (p≤0.001). Conclusion: LLLT has provided a significant reduction in dentinal hypersensitivity when compared with Pro-Argin.
Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: How to Diagnose and When to Treat it?
Authors: Agarwal Rishika , Deshmukh Shailesh V , Patil Amol S , Bhosale Veera
Published: September 2023

Idiopathic Condylar Resorption (ICR) has been frequently reported in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment especially in young adolescent females, so as dentists we could be the first ones to diagnose this condition. This condition represents an aggressive and fast-moving form of degenerative disease of the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ) and the pathognomonic features of this condition include a deficit of condylar volume, furthermore reducing the ramus height and length of mandible and causing a clockwise rotation of the mandible leading to absence of anterior bite. The accurate cause of this condition is not known, however, there are multiple aetiological factors that could be contributing to this disease. ICR is a poorly understood disease and it could be a very difficult condition to treat because of its various expression and the large number of treatment options that are available. Over the past years a number of cases with ICR have been reported in the orthodontic literature. The aim of this review article is to present a compiled data to better understand the pathophysiology and aetiological factors contributing to ICR and provide an insight about the various clinical features and radiographic findings of this condition which will help us diagnose this condition better in our day-to-day practice. Various treatment modalities like splint therapy, orthognathic surgery, joint replacement have also been mentioned and discussed. A case of ICR that reported to our department with a chief complaint of progressive opening of the bite has also been included in this review article.
Enhancing Safety and Mitigating Violence on Prehospital Mental Health Calls: For the Care Providers and Care Recipients
Authors: Ford-Jones Polly C.
Published: September 2023

Violent encounters and safety concerns are common among paramedics attending to 911 emergency calls. These concerns are particularly salient for paramedics attending to mental health and substance use calls. This article draws on data from a qualitative case study. Findings include paramedics’ reported perceptions and experiences of violence experienced on mental health calls, success with de-escalation of those in distress, and paramedics challenging the notion that all individuals with mental distress are violent. The article explores tensions between attention to care providers’ and care recipients’ safety, the contexts in which this care takes place, and equity concerns related to appropriately managing mental health emergencies.
Factors Affecting the Yield Gap of Brinjal Grown in Jhikargacha Upazila under Jashore District, Bangladesh
Authors: Islam Mohammad Ashraful , Simoon Gazi Hadiuzzaman , Deb Biplob
Published: September 2023

The purpose of the study was to determine the yield gap of brinjal with the causing factors and explore the relationship between the yield gap and the socioeconomic characteristics of the farmers. The study was conducted with a sample of 50 farmers randomly selected from five villages in Raghunathnagar union under Jhikargacha upazila of Jashore district using a structured interview schedule from February to March 2020. The yield gap was measured based on the differences between the achievable yield recorded at the particular study location and the average actual yield harvested by the farmers. The results revealed that the majority (76.0%) of farmers had a moderate yield gap (26-65.0% gap), while 14.0% had a low yield gap (up to 25.0% gap) and about 10% high yield gap (more than 65% gap). Inadequate amounts of different inputs used in brinjal production along with some socio-psychological-economic characteristics of farmers were the causes of the yield gap. For instance, 80% of farmers had a high gap in the application of Supreme- a locally popular insecticide for controlling fruit and shoot borer, in the case of pesticide application (74% and 76% of farmers had high gap in the application of Amister and Amagold) followed by 74% had high gap in TSP and Mop application, 76%  had high gap in Urea application, 60%  had high gap in Boron application, 72%  had high gap in Gypsum application, almost 58%  had medium to high gap in Cowdung application and 44% had high gap in irrigation application. The results of the correlation co-efficient ‘r’ also revealed that family size, farm size, extension contact, farming experience,  knowledge,  and level of inputs use were negatively significant with yield gap, while the problems they experienced in brinjal production had a positive significant relationship. The top five problems were: price hike of different inputs required for brinjal production, and poor selling price of products as it is maintained by business syndicates along with lack of proper knowledge about fertilizer management, heavy attack of insects and pests in the brinjal fields, insufficient extension services and lack of training of the farmers about the modern production method of brinjal.
Genetic Studies for Yield Components and Screening for Drought Tolerance at Seedling Stage of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes
Authors: Gayathri G. , Sahi Vaidurya Pratap , Saikumar S. Shanmukha , Gangadhar L.
Published: September 2023

A field experiment involving 30 genotypes of maize was carried out under the field condition during Rabi 2021-2022 to study the association of yield contributing characters among themselves along with direct and indirect effects on grain yield per plant and identify the genotypes which are highly efficient with respect to different PEG induced drought stress. The results of the study revealed that plant height, leaf length, ear height, number of grain rows per cob, number of grains per row, cob girth, cob weight, biological yield per plant, 100 grains weight and harvest index showed positive significant association with grain yield per plant both at genotypic and phenotypic levels. Plant height showed positive significant association with leaf length, ear height, number of grain rows per cob, cob girth, cob weight, 100 grains weight, biological yield per plant and grain yield per plant. Days to fifty per cent silking, anthesis to silking interval, days to maturity, number of grain rows per cob exhibited negative direct effect while number of cobs per plant, leaf width, cob length, cob weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index exhibited positive direct effect on grain yield per plant. For improvement of seed yield, attention should be given for traits such as cob weight, biological yield per plant and harvest index which showed high positive correlation coefficients with a considerable direct and indirect effect on grain yield. MGC-192 has shown high root length, shoot length, seedling length, seedling dry weight, seedling vigour index 1, seedling vigour index II, germination percentage and MGW-392 has shown high relative water content under PEG induced stress condition, hence this genotype is suggested for future selection.
RSV Infection in Older Adults
Authors: Linder Kathleen A. , Malani Preeti N.
Published: September 2023

This JAMA Patient Page describes respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and its symptoms, risk factors, and preventive measures.
Hospital-Diagnosed Infections, Autoimmune Diseases, and Subsequent Dementia Incidence
Authors: Janbek Janet , Laursen Thomas Munk , Frimodt-Møller Niels , Magyari Melinda , Haas Jürgen G. , Lathe Richard , Waldemar Gunhild
Published: September 2023

Importance

Systemic inflammation has been suggested to explain reported associations between infections and dementia. Associations between autoimmune diseases and dementia also suggest a role for peripheral systemic inflammation.

Objective

To investigate the associations of infections and autoimmune diseases with subsequent dementia incidence and to explore potential shared signals presented by the immune system in the 2 conditions.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This nationwide, population-based, registry-based cohort study was conducted between 1978 and 2018 (40-year study period). All Danish residents born 1928 to 1953, alive and in Denmark on January 1, 1978, and at age 65 years were included. Persons with prior registered dementia and those with HIV infections were excluded. Data were analyzed between May 2022 and January 2023.

Exposures

Hospital-diagnosed infections and autoimmune diseases.

Main Outcomes and Measures

All-cause dementia, defined as the date of a first registered dementia diagnosis after age 65 years in the registries. Poisson regression with person-years at risk as an offset variable was used to analyze time to first dementia diagnosis.

Results

A total of 1 493 896 individuals (763 987 women [51%]) were followed for 14 093 303 person-years (677 147 [45%] with infections, 127 721 [9%] with autoimmune diseases, and 75 543 [5%] with dementia). Among individuals with infections, 343 504 (51%) were men, whereas among those with autoimmune diseases, 77 466 (61%) were women. The dementia incidence rate ratio (IRR) following any infection was 1.49 (95% CI, 1.47-1.52) and increased along with increasing numbers of infections in a dose-dependent manner. Dementia rates were increased for all infection sites in the short term, but not always in the long term. The dementia IRR following any autoimmune disease was 1.04 (95% CI, 1.01-1.06), but no dose-dependent increase was observed, and only a few autoimmune conditions showed increased IRRs for dementia.

Conclusions and Relevance

These findings may point toward a role for infection-specific processes in the development of dementia, rather than general systemic inflammation, as previously hypothesized. Assessing these 2 conditions in a single setting may allow for additional insights into their roles in dementia and for hypotheses on possible underlying mechanisms.
Industry Payments to United States Rheumatologist‐Authors of Publications in High‐Impact Rheumatology Journals
Authors: Stohl William , Parikh Krishan
Published: September 2023

Objective

A skewed percentage of industry payments goes to “key opinion leaders” (KOLs) whose prominence and influence has increased with time. Given that KOL is neither precisely defined nor quantifiable, we turned to the level of industry payments as a surrogate quantifiable metric and assessed the associations between industry payments to US rheumatologists and their authorships of publications in high‐impact rheumatology journals.

Methods

Payments to US rheumatologists during the 2015‐2020 interval were obtained from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Open Payments database, and authorships were tallied for calendar year 2021 publications in the four rheumatology journals (Lancet Rheumatol, Nat Rev Rheumatol, Ann Rheum Dis, Arthritis Rheumatol) with the highest 2021 journal impact factors and journal citation indicators. Differences between groups were determined by chi‐squared test, unpaired Student's t‐test, one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Mann–Whitney rank sum test, and Kruskal–Wallis one‐way ANOVA on ranks. Correlations were calculated using Spearman rank order. A P value ≤0.05 was considered significant.

Results

There were 278 individual US rheumatologists who received industry payments and served as authors of publications in the four high‐impact rheumatology journals. Non–research‐associated payments to these individuals strongly correlated with research‐associated payments. Payments to male US rheumatologists were greater than those to their female counterparts, and payments strongly correlated with the number of publications among male authors but only weakly, and often not significantly, among female authors.

Conclusion

A substantial fraction of the authorships in calendar year 2021 publications in four high‐impact rheumatology journals arose from a very small percentage of all US rheumatologists who had received industry payments during the 2015‐2020 interval. Payments to male US rheumatologist‐authors were strikingly different from those to female US rheumatologist‐authors, and further investigation is needed to explain the glaring difference in payments.
Catalytic Tunable Black Phosphorus/Ceria Nanozyme: A Versatile Oxidation Cycle Accelerator for Alleviating Cisplatin‐Induced Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Gao Xin , Wang Bei , Li Jingjing , Niu Biao , Cao Lingzhi , Liang Xing‐jie , Zhang Jinchao , Jin Yi , Yang Xinjian
Published: September 2023

Oxidative stress is one leading inner cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) induced by cisplatin (DDP). Therefore, inhibiting oxidative stress is an important strategy to prevent the occurrence of DDP‐induced AKI. Herein, a pH‐selective “oxidative cycle accelerator” based on black phosphorus/ceria catalytic tunable nanozymes (BP@CeO2‐PEG) to effectively and persistently scavenge ROS for alleviating DDP‐induced AKI is demonstrated. The BP@CeO2‐PEG nanozymes show pH‐dependent multi‐enzymatic activities, which are beneficial for selectively scavenging the excess ROS in renal tissues. In the neutral environment of kidneys, BP@CeO2‐PEG nanozymes can accelerate its catalytic “oxidative cycle” by increasing the ratio of Ce3+/Ce4+ and improving the regeneration of ATP, effectively removing DDP‐induced ROS. In addition, BP@CeO2‐PEG nanozymes can suppress the oxidative stress‐triggered renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. However, in the acidic environment of cancers, the presence of H+ inhibits the conversion of Ce4+ to Ce3+, which in turn disrupts the oxidative cycle, resulting in the loss of ROS scavenging ability and ensuring the antitumor effect of DDP. Conclusively, the nanozymes offer an excellent antioxidant for alleviating cisplatin‐induced AKI and extensive use in other ROS‐based injuries.
Efficient Depolymerization of Polyester and Polycarbonate Plastic Waste Catalyzed by Commercially Available Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Manganese Catalysts
Authors: Lourenço Daniel L. , Oliveira Daniela F. , Fernandes Ana C.
Published: September 2023

This work describes the depolymerization of several polyester and polycarbonate plastic waste in value‐added compounds catalyzed by the air stable, cheap and commercially available manganese compounds Mn(OTf)2, Mn2(CO)10, MnBr(CO)5, and MeCpMn(CO)3 using boranes and silanes as the reducing agents with good to excellent yields. Commercial heterogeneous manganese catalyst, manganeses(II) ethyl/butyl phosphonate silica (Si‐Mn), has also proven to be very efficient in the reductive depolymerization of a variety of polyesters and the polycarbonate PC.BPA. The use of Mn(OTf)2, Mn2(CO)10 and Si‐Mn in consecutive depolymerization of polyesters is also investigated, showing that these catalysts remain their excellent activity after several reactions.
Resolving Structure of ssDNA in Solution by Fusing Molecular Simulations and Scattering Experiments with Machine Learning
Authors: Oweida Thomas J. , Yingling Yaroslava G.
Published: September 2023

Single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) plays a pivotal role in both nanotechnology and various biological processes. Many processes and applications can be better understood with enhanced structural characterization of ssDNA; however, the dynamic nature of the molecule makes accurate characterization with atomistic resolution extremely difficult. This study uses a method that integrates experimental small‐angle X‐ray scatter (SAXS) data and molecular modeling data using a genetic algorithm (GA) to predict an all‐atom conformational ensemble of ssDNA. The results of this study also validate the performance of various AMBER force fields and implicit solvent models for ssDNA. Overall, the results are able to determine the most accurate atomistic representation of poly‐Thymine (polyT) in solution to date that closely matches the experimental SAXS observations enabling a better understanding of the behavior of ssDNA in solution.
Expanding the toolbox for development of metal‐based dual‐functional catalytic membranes
Authors: Kulkarni Mihir , Roy Deepanjali , Khuu Nhan H. , Sanyal Oishi , Ball Madelyn R.
Published: September 2023

Catalytic membranes offer opportunities to develop modular, process‐intensified units. Dual‐functional materials, which integrate reactive and separation components in a single material, could play an important role in enabling them. Adapting the various characterization tools that are used to analyze the structures of metal‐based catalysts to these integrated structures could provide vital information for their design and implementation. In this perspective, we highlight the ways in which these tools can be used to analyze nonreactive membranes and non‐integrated systems where the catalyst and the membrane operate as two separate units. A methodology developed to analyze these comparatively simpler systems could be subsequently extended to integrated dual‐functional catalytic membranes. Thus, researchers from the catalysis and membranes communities can work together in a way that will not only lead to fundamental advancements in our understanding of catalytic membranes but also enable their transformation into real, scalable process‐intensified units.
Introduction of hydrogen bond recognition sites in ZIF‐71 for effective separation of bio‐diols in aqueous solutions
Authors: Zhang Jianshuang , Wu Jinglan , Gao Meizhen , Ge Lifang , Wang Mengyao , Dong Jinxiang , Shi Qi
Published: September 2023

The bio‐based diols 1,3‐propanediol (1,3‐PDO) and 2,3‐butanediol (2,3‐BDO) can form strong hydrogen bonds with water, which increases the separation difficulty of diols in aqueous solutions. Herein, a series of mixed‐linker ZIF‐71‐clnImx samples with hydrogen bond–van der Waals (vdW) dual recognition sites have been constructed using 4‐chloro‐5‐nitroimidazole (clnIm) linkers to substitute partially for the original 4,5‐dichloroimidazole (dclIm) linkers of the ZIF‐71 framework. The experimental and calculated results show that ZIF‐71‐clnImx with appropriate clnIm substitution proportion (x = 7.6 and 12.8 mol%) can strengthen the interaction between ZIF‐71‐clnImx and 2,3‐BDO and enhance the adsorption and mass transfer of 2,3‐BDO, thus achieving the efficient separation of 2,3‐BDO/1,3‐PDO. Molecular simulation results further verify that 2,3‐BDO can simultaneously form strong H bonds with the –NO2 of the clnIm linker and weak vdW interactions with the –Cl of the dclIm linker, which are the mixed recognition sites for 2,3‐BDO adsorption intensification in aqueous solution for ZIF‐71‐clnImx.
Janus particle amphiphilicity and capillary interactions at a fluid interface
Authors: Correia Elton L. , Razavi Sepideh
Published: September 2023

Studying the behavior of anisotropic particles at fluid interfaces is a rapidly expanding field, as understanding how the introduced anisotropy affects the resulting properties is essential in the engineering of interfacial systems. Surface anisotropic particles, also known as Janus particles (JPs), offer new possibilities for novel applications due to their amphiphilicity and stronger binding to fluid interfaces compared to homogeneous particles. Introducing surface anisotropy creates complexity as the orientation of interfacially bound particles affects interparticle interactions, a contributing factor to the microstructure formation. In this work, we have investigated the microstructure of JP monolayers formed at the air–water interface using particles with different degrees of amphiphilicity and examined the response of the networks to applied compressions. Our findings demonstrate that JPs amphiphilicity is a crucial factor governing their orientation at the interface, which in turn dictates the complexity of the capillary interactions present and the mechanical properties of the ensuing networks.
Monozygotic twins discordant for a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder with features of Moebius syndrome
Authors: Gates Ryan W. , Webb Bryn D. , Stevenson David A. , Jabs Ethylin Wang , DeFilippo Colette , Ruzhnikov Maura R. Z. , Tise Christina G.
Published: September 2023

Moebius syndrome is a congenital cranial dysinnervation disorder (CCDD) that presents with nonprogressive cranial nerve (CN) VI and VII palsies resulting in facial weakness and inability to abduct the eye(s). While many CCDDs have an underlying genetic cause, the etiology of Moebius syndrome remains unclear as most cases are sporadic. Here, we describe a pair of monochorionic, diamniotic twin girls; one with normal growth and development, and one with micrognathia, reduced facial expression, and poor feeding. Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain performed on the affected twin at 19 months of age showed severely hypoplastic or absent CN IV bilaterally, left CN VI smaller than right, and bilateral hypoplastic CN VII and IX, consistent with a diagnosis of a CCDD, most similar to that of Moebius syndrome. Genomic sequencing was performed on each twin and data was assessed for discordant variants, as well as variants in novel and CCDD‐associated genes. No pathogenic, likely pathogenic, or variants of uncertain significance were identified in genes known to be associated with CCDDs or other congenital facial weakness conditions. This family provides further evidence in favor of a stochastic event as the etiology in Moebius syndrome, rather than a monogenic condition.