bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
TLR9 stability and signaling are regulated by phosphorylation and cell stress
Authors: Hasan Maroof , Gruber Erika , Cameron Jody , Leifer Cynthia A
Published: March 2016

Innate sensing of pathogens elicits protective immune responses through pattern recognition receptors, including Toll-like receptors. Although signaling by Toll-like receptors is regulated at multiple steps, including localization, trafficking, proteolytic cleavage, and phosphorylation, the significance of post-translational modifications and cellular stress response on Toll-like receptor stability and signaling is still largely unknown. In the present study, we investigated the role of cytoplasmic tyrosine motifs in Toll-like receptor-9 stability, proteolytic cleavage, and signaling. We demonstrated that tyrosine phosphorylation is essential for mouse Toll-like receptor-9 protein stability and signaling. Upon inhibition of tyrosine kinases with piceatannol, Toll-like receptor-9 tyrosine phosphorylation induced by CpG deoxyribonucleic acid was inhibited, which correlated with decreased signaling. Furthermore, inhibition of Src kinases with 1-tert-Butyl-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-4-amine also inhibited response to CpG deoxyribonucleic acid. Toll-like receptor-9 protein stability was also sensitive to autophagy, the cellular stress response pathway, and infection by a deoxyribonucleic acid virus. Whereas autophagy induced by rapamycin or low serum levels caused a preferential loss of the mature p80 proteolytic cleavage product, infection with herpes simplex virus-1 and induction of cell stress with tunicamycin caused preferential loss of full-length Toll-like receptor-9, which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum. Our data reveal new information about the stability and signaling of Toll-like receptor-9 and suggest that immune evasion mechanisms may involve targeted loss of innate sensing receptors.
Racial Patterns of Peripheral T-Cell Lymphoma Incidence and Survival in the United States
Authors: Adams Scott V. , Newcomb Polly A. , Shustov Andrei R.
Published: March 2016

Purpose

To compare incidence and survival of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) subtypes among US racial/ethnic groups.

Methods

Patients with PTCL (age ≥ 15 years; 2000 to 2012) were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries. Race/ethnicity was categorized as non-Hispanic white, black, Asian/Pacific Islander, Hispanic white, or American Indian/Alaskan native. Age-standardized annual incidence rates and incidence rate ratios were estimated with 95% CIs, and case-case odds ratios were estimated by race/ethnicity using polytomous regression. Survival was estimated from SEER follow-up data with Cox regression.

Results

Thirteen thousand one hundred seven patients with PTCL were identified. Annual PTCL incidence was highest in blacks and lowest in Native Americans. Compared with non-Hispanic whites, blacks had a higher incidence of PTCL not otherwise specified (PTCL-NOS), anaplastic large-cell lymphoma, and adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and a lower incidence of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL); Asians/Pacific Islanders had a higher incidence of AITL, extranodal nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma and NK-cell leukemia (ENKCL), and ATLL and a lower incidence of anaplastic large-cell lymphoma; Hispanics had a higher incidence of AITL and ENKCL; and Native Americans had a lower incidence of PTCL-NOS (all P < .05). The ratio of ENKCL to PCTL-NOS among Native Americans, Asians/Pacific Islanders, and Hispanic whites was approximately three- to four-fold the same ratio among non-Hispanic whites. Survival varied significantly by race/ethnicity (P < .001), with blacks in particular experiencing shorter survival for most subtypes.

Conclusion

Striking variation in incidence, proportions of PTCL subtypes, and survival was observed. Aspects of these PTCL subtype patterns, such as for ENKCL and ATLL, were similar to corresponding global populations. Despite the small population size and limited number of Native American patients, PTCL subtype frequencies in this group were distinct but most similar to Hispanic whites. Survival disparities were evident, especially for blacks compared with non-Hispanic whites.
ReCAP: Cost Differential of Chemotherapy for Solid Tumors
Authors: Nadeem Hasan , Jayakrishnan Thejus T. , Rajeev Rahul , Johnston Fabian M. , Gamblin T. Clark , Turaga Kiran K. , Nadeem Hasan , Jayakrishnan Thejus T. , Rajeev Rahul , Johnston Fabian M. , Gamblin T. Clark , Turaga Kiran K.
Published: March 2016

QUESTION ASKED:

The objective of the present study is to determine the cost differentials between chemotherapeutic regimens (of similar or acceptable effectiveness) for common solid tumors in the metastatic and adjuvant settings.

SUMMARY ANSWER:

Of the 62 regimens included, the 6-month mean cost of chemotherapy was $26,989, and the median cost was $9,611. Mean cost of metastatic cancer therapy regimens was $35,315 compared with $18,107 for curative therapy. Regimens using biologics had higher mean costs than regimens not using biologics ($77,278 v $13,646). Cost differential between extremes of costs for regimens with presumed similar efficacy was Δ$90,843; $79,165 in the curative therapy arms and $90,210 in the metastatic cancer therapy arms. The highest cost differential was noted in breast cancer regimens (Δ$71,041 for metastatic v Δ$63,926 for curative).

METHODS:

Chemotherapy regimens—curative (adjuvant/neoadjuvant) and metastatic—and dosages outlined in National Comprehensive Cancer Network guidelines (2013) were acquired for four common cancers: bladder, breast, colon, and lung. Baseline drug and treatment costs were calculated for the average US adult male using the payment allowance for Medicare part B drugs database (2013). Costs were extrapolated for a treatment period of 6 months.

BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR(S), DRAWBACKS:

The calculations used payer perspective for the drug and the reimbursement, which may not truly reflect the actual costs incurred by the individual or society. However, the simplicity provides the strength of inferences which are fairly robust across the sensitivity analysis.

REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS:

A significant cost differential exists between chemotherapeutic regimens for the commonest solid tumors. In the absence of existing cost-effectiveness guidelines, cost differentials can help practicing oncologists in financially sound decision making regarding choosing therapy. Incorporation of costs and incremental effectiveness in currently established guidelines may encourage socially responsible practice patterns.
ReCAP: Physician Experience and Attitudes Toward Addressing the Cost of Cancer Care
Authors: Altomare Ivy , Irwin Blair , Zafar Syed Yousuf , Houck Kevin , Maloney Bailey , Greenup Rachel , Peppercorn Jeffrey , Altomare Ivy , Irwin Blair , Zafar Syed Yousuf , Houck Kevin , Maloney Bailey , Greenup Rachel , Peppercorn Jeffrey
Published: March 2016

QUESTION ASKED:

Because the cost of oncologic care is perpetually rising, we wanted to know how often physicians who treat cancer discuss the cost of care (both out-of-pocket and societal) with their patients, what the nature of those discussions is, and whether such discussions affect treatment decisions.

SUMMARY ANSWER:

Sixty percent of responding physicians reported addressing costs frequently or always in clinic, 40% addressed costs rarely or never, and 36% did not believe it is the doctor’s responsibility to explain costs of care to patients. Additional responses are listed in Table 3 . The majority of physicians feel their patients are not well informed about costs. “I don’t know enough/lack of resources” is the largest reported barrier to cost discussions, and those who reported frequent discussions were significantly more likely to explain costs and to prioritize treatments in terms of cost. [Table: see text]

METHODS:

A 15-question, study-specific, self-administered anonymous survey was sent electronically to a randomly selected sample of 2,290 ASCO physician members.

BIAS, CONFOUNDING FACTOR(S), DRAWBACKS:

Our overall response rate was somewhat low at 15%, with an adjusted response rate of 25% after adjusting for nonpracticing physician ASCO members. This increased the potential for selection bias, by which the respondents to this survey may not represent the true beliefs and practices of medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists.

REAL-LIFE IMPLICATIONS:

Our study offers a current snapshot of the frequency, nature, and attitudes toward cost discussions among medical, radiation, and surgical oncologists and their patients. Although the majority of responding physicians seem to agree that such discussions are legitimate—and arguably necessary—components of quality cancer care, there remains a substantial proportion who do not discuss costs nor feel it is their duty. Few believe they have adequate resources to discuss costs, suggesting that greater cost transparency, education concerning costs of care, tools to facilitate discussions, and validated interventions are needed.
Implementing and Improving Automated Electronic Tumor Molecular Profiling
Authors: Rioth Matthew J. , Staggs David B. , Hackett Lauren , Haberman Erich , Tod Mike , Levy Mia , Warner Jeremy
Published: March 2016

Oncology practice increasingly requires the use of molecular profiling of tumors to inform the use of targeted therapeutics. However, many oncologists use third-party laboratories to perform tumor genomic testing, and these laboratories may not have electronic interfaces with the provider’s electronic medical record (EMR) system. The resultant reporting mechanisms, such as plain-paper faxing, can reduce report fidelity, slow down reporting procedures for a physician’s practice, and make reports less accessible. Vanderbilt University Medical Center and its genomic laboratory testing partner have collaborated to create an automated electronic reporting system that incorporates genetic testing results directly into the clinical EMR. This system was iteratively tested, and causes of failure were discovered and addressed. Most errors were attributable to data entry or typographical errors that made reports unable to be linked to the correct patient in the EMR. By providing direct feedback to providers, we were able to significantly decrease the rate of transmission errors (from 6.29% to 3.84%; P < .001). The results and lessons of 1 year of using the system and transmitting 832 tumor genomic testing reports are reported.
Implementation of a Breast/Reconstruction Surgery Coordinator to Reduce Preoperative Delays for Patients Undergoing Mastectomy With Immediate Reconstruction
Authors: Golshan Mehra , Losk Katya , Mallory Melissa A. , Camuso Kristen , Cutone Linda , Caterson Stephanie , Bunnell Craig A.
Published: March 2016

Purpose:

Mastectomy with immediate reconstruction (MIR) requires coordination between breast and reconstructive surgical teams, leading to increased preoperative delays that may adversely impact patient outcomes and satisfaction. Our cancer center established a target of 28 days from initial consultation with the breast surgeon to MIR. We sought to determine if a centralized breast/reconstructive surgical coordinator (BRC) could reduce care delays.

Methods:

A 60-day pilot to evaluate the impact of a BRC on timeliness of care was initiated at our cancer center. All reconstructive surgery candidates were referred to the BRC, who had access to surgical clinic and operating room schedules. The BRC worked with both surgical services to identify the earliest surgery dates and facilitated operative bookings. The median time to MIR and the proportion of MIR cases that met the time-to-treatment goal was determined. These results were compared with a baseline cohort of patients undergoing MIR during the same time period (January to March) in 2013 and 2014.

Results:

A total of 99 patients were referred to the BRC (62% cancer, 21% neoadjuvant, 17% prophylactic) during the pilot period. Focusing exclusively on patients with a cancer diagnosis, an 18.5% increase in the percentage of cases meeting the target (P = .04) and a 7-day reduction to MIR (P = .02) were observed.

Conclusion:

A significant reduction in time to MIR was achieved through the implementation of the BRC. Further research is warranted to validate these findings and assess the impact the BRC has on operational efficiency and workflows.
Electroacupuncture Enhances the Antiallodynic and Antihyperalgesic Effects of Milnacipran in Neuropathic Rats
Authors: Li Chengjin , Ji Byeong Uk , Kim Yiquot , Lee Ji Eun , Kim Nam-Kwen , Kim Seung Tae , Koo Sungtae
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Milnacipran, a selective serotonin/norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitor, has been shown to elicit a beneficial effect in various models of neuropathic pain. Previously, we reported that repetitive electroacupuncture (EA) significantly ameliorates neuropathic pain induced by L5 spinal nerve ligation (SNL). In the present study, we sought to determine whether a single treatment with EA produces analgesia and whether EA in combination with a subeffective dosage of milnacipran exhibits an additive effect in SNL rats.

METHODS:

Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were assessed by measuring paw withdrawal thresholds and latencies in response to mechanical and thermal stimuli, respectively, 1 day before and 5 days after neuropathic surgery. In addition, on day 5 post-SNL, time courses of behaviors were assessed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after intrathecal (i.t.) milnacipran (1, 5, and 20 μg) administration. EA (10 Hz/1 mA) was administered at the ST36 and GB34 acupoints for 30 minutes on day 5 and the time courses of behaviors were also assessed at 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours later. Similarly, when treated in combination (milnacipran [5 μg, i.t.] and EA [10 Hz/1 mA]), time courses of behaviors were assessed at the same time points.

RESULTS:

Intrathecal injection of milnacipran at 5 or 20 μg exerted dose-dependent effects on thermal hyperalgesia but had similar efficacies on mechanical allodynia. Furthermore, EA itself detectably attenuated hyperalgesia at 4 hours after the application, but no statistically significant difference was found in mechanical allodynia. Importantly, cotreatment with EA and milnacipran (5 μL) produced more potent antiallodynic and antihyperalgesic effects than those obtained from EA or milnacipran alone at 1, 2, and 4 hours after treatment, indicating an additive effect. In addition, the analgesic effect of EA plus milnacipran was almost completely abolished by the catecholamine neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide (25 μg), which depletes spinal norepinephrine, and by yohimbine (an α2-adrenoceptor antagonist, 30 μg, i.t.). Somewhat surprisingly, the analgesic effect of milnacipran plus EA lasted for 6 hours.

CONCLUSIONS:

The study shows that, in male rats with SNL, spinal administration of milnacipran effectively alleviates mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, and that a single treatment of EA has an antihyperalgesic effect. Furthermore, our findings suggest that coapplication of EA and milnacipran enhanced antiallodynia and antihyperalgesia by activating spinal noradrenergic systems coupled with spinal α2-adrenoceptors and prolongs the duration of analgesia.
“Prose within the Poem” (Shi Zhong You Wen): Du Fu's Creative Breakthrough in the Light ofWuguNarrative Rhythm
Authors: Xiaoyin Ge
Published: March 2016

In the High Tang 盛唐 (roughly from 713 to 755), just as the pentasyllabic-line poetic form lay firmly under the sway of the Song-Qi 宋齊 (420–502) style, Du Fu 杜甫 (712–770) arrived at a solution to the problem of restoring to the mid-to-long wugu 五古 (ancient-style pentasyllabic) poem the old tenor of the Han 漢 (202 BCE–220 CE) and Wei 魏 (220–65) periods. However, Du Fu did not merely imitate his Han-Wei predecessors in terms of form and style. Instead, with his efforts at recovery of the creative principles driving the Han-Wei ancient form, Du Fu succeeded in distilling a novel wugu rhythm from the life and language of his own time. By its exploitation of the potential of the wugu form to narrate by single prose lines, by its enhancement of both the density of narrative sequences and the compactness of the rhythm of lines and passages, and by its exploration of the use of various modes of narration within a poem, Du Fu's work shows a key distinguishing feature we might term shi zhong you wen 詩中有文, or “prose within poem.” At the same time, in his mid-to-long poems, Du Fu was able both to bend the inherent capacity of the wugu for narration to its greatest expressive potential and also, by the use of expressive rhythm as a guiding force, to strictly maintain the fundamental distinction between poetry and prose. In considering why Du Fu's work is considered shishi 詩史 (history in poetry), we must recognize the critical formal expedient provided by this important creative breakthrough in the wugu form.
Sound Symbolism in the Reduplicative Vocabulary of the Shijing
Authors: Smith Jonathan
Published: March 2016

The present study begins with an introduction to “sound symbolism” from a cognitive linguistic perspective. Such frameworks provide that while the relationship between sound and meaning within the lexicon is in general arbitrary, languages may also feature specific, statistically significant relationships between particular sounds and particular semantic domains, whether language specific or motivated by more general cognitive tendencies. An example from modern Mandarin leads to a broader consideration of this phenomenon within Old Chinese (OC), with particular reference to the reduplicative vocabulary, or dieyin ci 疊音詞, of the Book of Odes corpus. The author presents a series of persistent associations between sound and meaning in this subset of the OC lexicon, with statistical evidence adduced in support of their cognitive reality for OC speakers. Finally, this article offers a tentative exploration of the role of such “expressive” or “ideophonic” vocabulary in producing particular poetic effects relating to point of view and to conceptual metaphor.
Tonal Contrast in Early Pentasyllabic Poems: A Quantitative Study of Three Poem Collections
Authors: Song Chenqing
Published: March 2016

Some researchers, including Wang Li 王力 (1900–1986) and Xu Qing 徐青 (1934–), have claimed—based on evidence provided by cursory observations of tonal arrangement—that pre-Yongming poets also attempted to create tonal contrast effects in pentasyllabic poems. In order to assess the validity of these claims, this study adopted a quantitative approach to the analysis of tonal contrasts in three early pentasyllabic poem collections: the “Nineteen Ancient Poems,” pentasyllabic poems written by Cao Zhi 曹植 (192–232), and pentasyllabic poems written by Xie Lingyun 謝靈運 (385–433). Unlike any previous study, the research presented in this article interprets tonal contrast data obtained in these poems in an enriched context. The author compares the tonal contrast rates in the poems written before the Yongming 永明 era (483–93) to tonal contrast rates obtained from narrative texts written in the same period, as well as to the ratios expected under the condition of random tonal arrangement. The results of these comparisons reveal that there is no simple answer to the question of whether tonal contrast existed in early pentasyllabic poems. Tonal contrast appears to have been in an intricate transitional stage that was likely initiated with an intuitive act of creativity rather than an intentional manipulation of tones to obtain a particular known effect.
Oocyte Maturation and Development
Authors: Verlhac Marie-Hélène , Terret Marie-Emilie
Published: March 2016

Sexual reproduction is essential for many organisms to propagate themselves. It requires the formation of haploid female and male gametes: oocytes and sperms. These specialized cells are generated through meiosis, a particular type of cell division that produces cells with recombined genomes that differ from their parental origin. In this review, we highlight the end process of female meiosis, the divisions per se, and how they can give rise to a functional female gamete preparing itself for the ensuing zygotic development. In particular, we discuss why such an essential process in the propagation of species is so poorly controlled, producing a strong percentage of abnormal female gametes in the end. Eventually, we examine aspects related to the lack of centrosomes in female oocytes, the asymmetry in size of the mammalian oocyte upon division, and in mammals the direct consequences of these long-lived cells in the ovary.
Small Animal Review
Authors: Tennant Bryn
Published: March 2016

Introduction:

Return to ambulation of dogs with paraplegia and loss of pain perception secondary to intervertebral disc herniation is unaffected by delay to presentation and various other factors.
Management of open fractures: part 1
Authors: Perry Karen L
Published: March 2016

Open fractures have been considered one of the true orthopaedic emergencies by some, however optimal treatment has not been definitively described. Significant debate has focused on the most appropriate method by which to manage open fractures, but general principles of treatment are well established. Principles include fracture classification, antibiosis, irrigation, debridement, wound management and fracture stabilisation. In this first of a two-part series on open fracture management, the initial management of the patient, which should be performed within the first few hours after presentation, is discussed. This includes assessment and stabilisation of the patient, classification of the fracture, antibiotic use and irrigation of the wound. Open fracture classification systems, such as the Gustilo-Anderson scheme, are used to describe the relationship and degree of soft tissue damage, and are designed to correlate with treatment guidelines and prognosis. Systemic antibiotics are a required component of successful treatment, and prompt initiation of these is important. Irrigation is a key component of the effort to prevent infection, and this should be performed using saline solution and low-pressure methods routinely. The remaining principles (debridement, wound management and fracture stabilisation) will be explored in the second article in this series.
Self-assessment: acute-onset unilateral pelvic limb lameness in an immature Staffordshire Bull Terrier
Authors: Tuan Jayson
Published: March 2016

Jayson Tuan BSc BVMS MANZCVS, Gladesville Veterinary Hospital, Sydney, Australia
Garden Wildlife Health studies diseases of British wildlife
Authors: Franklinos Lydia
Published: March 2016

Wildlife disease surveillance employs citizen science to learn about the health conditions affecting British wildlife and informs scientific education and disease mitigation strategies.
Keeping workplace stress at bay
Authors: Stanley Julian
Published: March 2016

Continuing our focus this edition on tackling the stress of school leadership, Julian Stanley offers some basic advice to help ease the pressure and encourages heads under strain to seek help now
The Phonics Champion
Authors: Harrison David
Published: March 2016

The appointment of a ‘Phonics Champion’ and a focus on the most vulnerable pupils were among the strategies introduced by David Harrison to improve early reading outcomes at his school
Auction Nights and other fundraising ideas
Authors: Donohoe Tom
Published: March 2016

If you get it right, school fundraising events can be among the highest earners in terms of additional income. Tom Donohoe discusses his most successful event – the Auction Night – as well as a few other ideas to bring together your wider community in support of the school
Changing undergraduate paramedic students' attitudes towards sustainability and climate change
Authors: Richardson Janet , Allum Peter , Grose Jane
Published: March 2016

Background:

Climate change will impact on emergency services and healthcare practitioners need to be aware of future challenges. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a scenario-based educational intervention designed to raise awareness and generate discussion among practitioners and students about sustainability and climate change.

Methods:

Paramedic undergraduate students completed a Sustainability Attitudes Survey before they participated in a health and sustainability session that focused on resources used in clinical practice and the potential impact of climate change and natural materials scarcity on resource availability. The students completed the questionnaire again following the session.

Results:

Significant differences between the pre- and post-intervention questionnaires were found for 8/9 attitude statements; there was no significant difference for the statement: the segregation of healthcare waste is important. Students were more likely to accurately report the cost of disposing of clinical and domestic waste following the session.

Conclusions:

Data suggests that participation in a health and sustainability scenario can improve knowledge about the use of natural resources in clinical practice, where resources come from, and the cost of waste management. Attitudes towards including sustainability and climate change in healthcare curricula were more positive following participation in the health and sustainability session.
Analysis of pre-hospital consultations with crowd medical services at Premier League football club Fulham
Authors: Bird Ruth , Nuttall Tim
Published: March 2016

Background:

Craven Cottage has seen plans approved for a new riverside stand to expand capacity within the stadium from 26 000 to over 30 0000.

Aims and Method:

In order to anticipate any increase in use of medical services during match days, this study aimed to review nine seasons of medical data for Fulham Football Club. We examined the usage of crowd medical services to see if the number of injuries/illnesses requiring medical assistance at each match had any correlation to the crowd numbers in attendance. A retrospective data analysis was done on injury location, type of injury, whether the patient required transporting to hospital or whether follow up was recommended. The aim being to assess whether increased capacity would impact on local emergency services and primary care.

Results:

Between 2004–2013, there were 830 presentations to medical services, 43 patients were transported to hospital (5.18%) with 32 (3.85%) being advised to see their GP. Of these, 512 were new injuries/trauma and 318 medical presentations. There was one fatal non-traumatic cardiac arrest and 19 assaults. The data showed total crowd attendances of 4 157 597 over the 10-year period, with mean crowd numbers per game of 18 878. From these total crowd attendances there was a consultation rate per 10 000 gate admissions of 1.97. This is comparable to previously published Premiership data. Analysis of the location of accidental injuries showed no statistical differences in injury patterns; however, regarding mechanism of injury, more assaults occurred in areas where fans mix, irrespective of capacity per match.

Conclusions:

This study has shown no significant differences or trends in trauma, medical cases or consultations per 10 000 gate admission. Plans to increase capacity should not affect provision of medical cover, though will be accounted for in major incident planning in the number of medical staff required to attend matches to cover for extra ticket sales. GP and A&E services should not be stretched by the increased capacity.
FAQs: Secondary SEND
Authors: Sobel Daniel
Published: March 2016

Inclusion expert Daniel Sobel answers three questions he often encounters in his work
Poverty, child abuse and neglect: patterns of cost and spending
Authors: Mason Will , Bywaters Paul
Published: March 2016

This article examines recent data on the costs of poverty, child abuse and neglect (CAN), paying particular attention to contemporary patterns of spending in England. The discussion explores the ‘reactive’ spending necessary to deal with the short/medium term consequences of poverty and CAN and the ‘preventative’ spending associated with some interpretations of early intervention The evidence outlined suggests that the financial costs of poverty and CAN are both substantial and associated.
Familismo, asitencialismo y precariedad: la configuración del empleo en el sector de atención a las personas en España
Authors: Recio Cáceres Carolina
Published: March 2016

El sector de atención a las personas en España ha adquirido una mayor importancia a raíz de la aprobación de la Ley de Dependencia a finales del 2006. La ley, además de reconocer el derecho a recibir cuidados, también considera que éstos deben ser prestados con calidad. Partiendo de este contexto se propone una mirada sobre el empleo en este sector, teniendo en cuenta que las nuevas leyes y normativas hacen preveer un aumento paulatino en la ocupación. Para ello se realiza un análisis amplio que tiene en cuenta las distintas esferas sociales que intervienen en la expansión de un modelo u otro de ocupación en este sector. Se utiliza así la perspectiva sobre los modelos de empleo que analiza el empleo mediante la interacción entre distintas instituciones sociales. Bajo esta perspectiva, el artículo analiza las interacciones entre el modelo familista español, el modelo asistencialista de bienestar y un mercado laboral marcado por la precariedad. Es por ello que el texto plantea que el empleo en el ámbito de la dependencia se explica mediante la relación establecida entre familismo, asistencialismo y precariedad.
La gestión de la crisis de los cuidados y su relación con la feminización de las migraciones: análisis comparativo de los modelos de España y Chile
Authors: Setién Santamaría María Luisa , Acosta González Elaine
Published: March 2016

En los últimos años, España y Chile se han constituido en casos emblemáticos de países que han atravesado una profunda crisis del cuidado, y en respuesta a dicho fenómeno han comenzado a importar mano de obra inmigrante, fundamentalmente femenina, para hacerse cargo de las labores de reproducción social. La presente ponencia tiene por objetivo identificar y comparar los modelos de gestión de la crisis de los cuidados en España y Chile, conociendo cómo la política social ha dado respuesta en materia de distribución de la responsabilidad social del cuidado de personas dependientes entre el Estado, el mercado, la comunidad y la familia y qué régimen de bienestar social se encuentra asociado a dicha distribución. Los resultados aquí presentados forman parte de una investigación en curso, cuya metodología aplicada ha consistido en análisis bibliográfico, análisis de la normativa y la política social y análisis estadístico de fuentes secundarias.
«Dir jo és anorrear-se»: els Diaris (èx)tims d'Alejandra Pizarnik
Authors: Calafell Sala Núria
Published: March 2016

En aquesta aportació, Núria Calafell encara l’estudi d’uns particulars textos dietarístics: els de la cèlebre —i malaguanyada— poetessa argentina Alejandra Pizarnik. Tal com l’autora demostra, aquests textos assumeixen les friccions i les paradoxes de qui hi reclamava un recer de comoditats i, alhora, en reconeixia l’estranyesa, la pèrdua, la identitat vulnerada.
Els darrers dies de la Catalunya republicana de Rovira i Virgili
Authors: Ferré Trill Xavier
Published: March 2016

Xavier Ferré indaga en aquest treball les claus referencials d’Els darrers dies de la Catalunya republicana: l’emblemàtic i testimonial «diari polític» d’Antoni Rovira i Virgili. Publicat inicialment per la revista Catalunya a Buenos Aires el 1940, aquest diari ens és presentat amb el valor intrínsec de constituir «el primer document publicat sobre la diàspora en el context coetani».
Els dietaris de Josep Vallverdú, de la lluita al desencís
Authors: Pujol-Valls Maria
Published: March 2016

Maria Pujol-Valls prova d’escatir, en aquest article, les raons personals i col·lectives de les frustracions expressades en Hora nona. Llibre de capvespres (2005) i Quasi nou llunes (2007), de Josep Vallverdú, a partir d’una constatació: que la realitat política i cultural dels actuals Països Catalans resulta deficient i decebedora per als intel·lectuals de la generació de Vallverdú, protagonistes de la represa literària posterior a la Guerra Civil i el franquisme.
Sobre la vida de Vicent Ferrer, valencià universal
Authors: Alarcon Menargues Fèlix Manel
Published: March 2016

En aquest article, Fèlix Manel Alarcon prova d’aprofundir en el coneixement d’una de les vides més populars de l’hagiografia medieval: la del pare dominic Vicent Ferrer. Més enllà de la visió popular que se n’ha transmés a base de devocionaris i rondalles, l’aportació d’Alarcon té en consideració diverses fonts medievals i actuals per a definir els perfils del personatge al voltant de tres eixos: «El naixement i la joventut», «El predicador» i «Sant Vicent Ferrer en els nostres dies».
Ressenya: Projecció i recepció hispanes de Caterina Albert i Paradís, Víctor Català, i de la seva obra, de Joan M. Ribera Llopis (2007)
Authors: Bartrina Martí Francesca
Published: March 2016

Ressenya del llibre Projecció i recepció hispanes de Caterina Albert i Paradís, Víctor Català, i de la seva obra, com una cartografia ben documentada de l’interés que la intel·lectualitat hispana ha tingut per la traducció i la difusió de l’obra de l’escriptora Caterina Albert.
Entrevista a Enric Balaguer: sobre la gran madeixa de la literatura del jo
Authors: Soriano Asensio Joan Ignasi
Published: March 2016

Entrevista de Joan Ignasi Soriano a Enric Balaguer, a propòsit del Simposi Internacional de Literatura Autobiogràfica que el Grup de Recerca de Literatura Contemporània organitza biennalment en la Universitat d’Alacant. S’hi tracta el gènere autobiogràfic en el panorama internacional i en la literatura catalana actual; la importància creixent dels dietaris en la literatura contemporània; i, en general, la capacitat de seducció que enclouen els bons exponents de la literatura del jo.
Enric Valor i la literaturització d’Aitana
Authors: Balaguer Pascual Enric
Published: March 2016

La coneixença del paisatge (mot que conté el terme país) que tenia Enric Valor donà pas a una sensibilitat que va anar desenvolupant com a propietari de terres, com a caçador, com a lingüista, com a lector i com a escriptor. Seguint un procés de literatització de muntanyes (Canigó, Montseny, etc.), Valor pren la serra Aitana com a espai central de dues novel·les: L’ambició d’Aleix i La idea de l’emigrant. En les dues obres és vertaderament protagonista la serra —un actant—, definida en termes grandiloqüents (colossalisme, grandiositat) i atributs paradisíacs. En la tria d’Aitana com a espai simbòlic, potser hem de tenir present que el massís muntanyós havia cridat l’atenció, al llarg del temps, de les elits alacantines, especialment durant la primera meitat de segle, quan músics (com Óscar Esplà, autor d’una Simfonia Aitana), pintors, escriptors o arquitectes (com Juan Vidal), hi acudeixen i fan les seues cases d’estiueig. Un punt de referència és, sens dubte, l’obra de Gabriel Miró: tant Las cerezas del cementerio com Años y leguas. La traducció d’Enric Valor al català, el 1967, d’aquesta última novel·la n’és la prova evident, d’un interés gens circumstancial. Una afinitat és la «fam de paisatge» del protagonista de L’ambició d’Aleix, molt pròxima a la de Sigüenza, d’Años y leguas.
Enric Valor, el valor de les paraules: Escriptor de l’Any 2010 de l’Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua
Authors: Cantó Doménech Verònica
Published: March 2016

La Universitat d’Alacant va reconéixer públicament la figura i l’obra d’Enric Valor a través d’un magnífic Simposi celebrat a l’Aula Magna de la Facultat de Filosofia i Lletres entre els dies 4 i 6 de novembre de 2011. Aquest article s’insereix en el marc de l’homenatge que institucions i entitats han tributat a l’escriptor de Castalla duant l’any en què els valencians han celebrat el centenari del naixement d’Enric Valor. En aquest sentit, l’Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua, com a institució de la Generalitat, ha expressat públicament l’admiració i el respecte a tot un homenot de les lletres valencianes designant-lo Escriptor de l’Any 2010, en reconeixement a la valuosa aportació de l’escriptor i lingüista a la recuperació de la llengua i la cultura des del triple vessant de rondallista, novel·lista i lingüista. I ho ha fet duent a terme projectes i iniciatives institucionals pròpies, com ara l’exposició Enric Valor, el valor de les paraules, o les publicacions editades en homenatge al castallut més universal; i també col·laborant amb unes altres institucions i entitats a fi de contribuir a la difusió del llegat d’Enric Valor.
El canvi semàntic a propòsit de enze, enza: estudi del lèxic d’Enric Valor
Authors: Martines Peres Josep
Published: March 2016

Estudi de l’evolució semàntica de enze, enza i de les unitats fraseològiques en què participa, des de les primeres atestacions escrites fins als usos contemporanis en català. S’hi té en compte l’evolució dels altres derivats romànics del llatí INDEX, -ICIS. S’hi aplica una anàlisi d’orientació cognitiva i es fonamenta l’estudi en l’aprofitament de corpora textuals (antics i contemporanis), dins dels quals hi ha l’obra literària i gramatical d’Enric Valor.
Teoria i pràctica de la lematització al Corpus Informatitzat Multilingüe de Textos Antics i Contemporanis-IVITRA
Authors: Antolí Martínez Jordi M.
Published: March 2016

Al si del projecte institucional de recerca IVITRA (Institut Virtual Internacional de Traducció) s'està desenvolupant el Corpus Informatitzat Multilingüe de Textos Antics i Contemporanis mitjançant un seguit d'eines informàtiques (els programes Introcorpus®, Mettagging®, Ivitrarech ® i el Metaconcor®); a grans trets, aquesta tecnologia permet introduir, processar, emmagatzemar i recuperar de manera selectiva la informació d'un corpus textual. En concret, el processament dels textos que es fa comporta l'assignació de la categoria, el lema, l'idioma de cada un dels mots, primer de manera automàtica i després, mitjançant el programa Mettagging®, de manera detallada i individualitzada en aquells casos en què, bé la grafia, bé la categoria, bé el règim o bé qualsevol altre element morfosintàctic, lèxic o semàntic, fa necessari calibrar més específicament una determinada forma, construcció, locució, etc. Tot aquest procés i, en concret, la lematització, comporta una relació entre el treball filològic i les noves tecnologies que fa necessària una certa reflexió.
La musa feta carn: ressenya d’Ultima Musa. Percorsi della modernità tra neoclassicità e neobarocco, de Nicola Palladino (Bonanno Editore, Acireale–Roma, 2009)
Authors: Ripoll Domènech Faust
Published: March 2016

La musa feta carn: ressenya d’Ultima Musa. Percorsi della modernità tra neoclassicità e neobarocco, de Nicola Palladino (Bonanno Editore, Acireale–Roma, 2009).
Towards optimal snapshot location for POD model order reduction in optimal control
Authors: Gräßle Carmen , Hinze Michael
Published: March 2016

We present the approximation of an optimal control problem for linear parabolic PDEs. The method is based on a model reduction technique using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD-MOR). POD-MOR is a Galerkin approach where the basis functions are obtained upon information contained in time snapshots of the parabolic PDE related to given input data. We show that it is important to have knowledge about the controlled system at the right time instances. For the determination of the time instances (snapshot locations) we propose an a-posteriori error control which is based on a reformulation of the optimality system as a second order in time and fourth order in space elliptic system which is approximated by a space-time finite element method. Finally, we present numerical tests to illustrate our approach and to show the effectiveness of the method in comparison to existing approaches.
Glycemia control and glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease (review of multicenter randomized trials)
Authors: Kakorin Sergey V. , Iskandaryan Ruben A. , Mkrtumyan Ashot M.
Published: March 2016

The use of modern pharmaceuticals and cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment methods has increased life expectancy and improved the quality of life of both patients with normal carbohydrate metabolism and diabetes mellitus (DM). This study provides a review of the literature on glycaemic control and choice of glucose-lowering therapy in patients with type 2 DM (T2DM) and CVD. According to the latest recommendations for the prevention of CVD, the target level of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) should be less than 7.0% and 7.5%–8.0% in older patients to decrease the risk of hypoglycaemia. The target blood glucose level is 7.7–10 mmol/L. The results of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) revealed that the adverse effects of second-generation sulfonylureas include critical hypoglycaemia episodes and increases in CVD-associated complications and mortality. Metformin reduces the risk of CVD in comparison with second-generation sulfonylurea derivates and insulin. Thiazolidinediones are not currently used for patients with CVD, and the safety of GLP-1 analogues and SGLT-2 inhibitors is still under investigation. When metformin therapy is ineffective, DPP-4 inhibitors should be prescribed and renal function should be monitored. Metformin is contra-indicated in patients with severe chronic heart failure (CHF) and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) because of the risk of lactic acidosis with tissue hypoxia. Thus, insulin is the drug of choice for glycaemic control in CVD patients with chronic kidney disease, severe heart failure or other acute clinical conditions.
Mechanisms of transcriptional control of glucose metabolism in hepatocytes
Authors: Kulebyakin Konstantin Y. , Akopyan Zhanna A. , Kochegura Tatiana N. , Penkov Dmitry N.
Published: March 2016

The hepatic tissue plays a key role in the regulation and maintenance of stable blood glucose levels. The liver is the main gluconeogenesis organ of the body and is under constant hormonal control to determine the metabolic activity of hepatocytes. Hormonal signals trigger multiple post-translational regulatory mechanisms that alter the activity of key enzymes of glucose metabolism. A crucial role in the long-term control of glucose production and metabolism is played by pre-translational regulation at the level of gene expression of metabolic enzymes. There is growing evidence that this regulation, which is realised via control of the activity of transcription factors, provides constant adjustment of the body to changing environmental conditions and that its disruption leads to the development of metabolic diseases associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, the study of transcription factors that regulate glucose metabolism in the liver and the search for mechanisms to control them is of great biomedical importance in the context of metabolic disease treatment research.
Perspectives on reducing mortality attributed to acute myocardial infarction among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in multicenter randomized trials
Authors: Kakorin Sergey V. , Iskandaryan Ruben A. , Mkrtumyan Ashot M.
Published: March 2016

A review of the scientific literature was conducted to investigate reducing mortality from acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This included a review of literature comparing cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment methods for AMI patients who have T2DM and those with normal carbohydrate metabolism. These treatments increase the life expectancy and greatly improve the quality of life of patients with acute myocardial infarction in both groups of patients. However, the risk of cardiovascular mortality in patients with T2DM compared with people with normal carbohydrate metabolism remains unchanged. The rapidly growing population of patients with T2DM will soon change our attitude towards the possibility of improving the prognosis and treatment of those with CVD.
The effectiveness of the nursing intervention program on feeling of burden and coping among caregivers of children with epilepsy
Authors: El-malky Maaly , Mohsen Magda , Amer Hemat
Published: March 2016

Epilepsy is one of the most common pediatric neurological disorders, which have negative psychological, emotional, and physical consequences of providing care. Nursing intervention is a key element of managing these patients and their families in order to reduce feelings of burden and enhancing coping among caregivers. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of nursing intervention on a feeling of burden and coping among caregivers of children with epilepsy. Design: A quasi-experimental design (one group pretest-posttest design) was used to achieve the aim of the study. Setting: The study was conducted at the outpatient clinic at the health insurance institute in Shebin El-Kom district, Menoufia Governorate. Subject: A convenience sample of 80 caregivers was used. Tool: I- A constructed interviewing questionnaire was developed by researchers to assess socio demographic data, medical history and family caregiver’s knowledge, practices and opinions regarding child with epilepsy. II- Modified version of the Zarit burden interviewing questionnaire to assess feeling of burden. III- Coping Health Inventory for Parents to assess coping patterns of care giver’s. The Results: the main finding of this study illustrated that, there were statistical significance differences regarding caregivers’ knowledge and practices. Reduction of the feeling of burden and improvement of coping patterns after nursing intervention than before. There was a negative correlation between caregiver’s knowledge, practice and feeling of burden and there was a positive correlation between (KPO) and coping among caregivers. The majority of the studied caregivers were mothers (76%) with mean age score37.21±5.22, more than half were secondary education, and the majority (75%) was not working. Conclusion: Nursing intervention was effective in improving caregiver’s knowledge, practices and opinions, feeling of burden and raising coping abilities for caregivers of children with epilepsy. Recommendation: additional nursing strategies are needed around the time of the diagnosis with longitudinal assessment and follow up for both caregivers and their children.
The Acquisition of Context Data of Study Process and their Application in Classroom and Intelligent Tutoring Systems
Authors: Bicans Janis
Published: March 2016

Over the last decade, researchers are investigating the potential of the educational paradigm shift from the traditional “one-size-fits all” teaching approach to an adaptive and more personalized study process. Availability of fast mobile connections along with the portative handheld device evolution, like phones and tablets, enable teachers and learners to communicate and interact with each other in a completely different way and speed. The mentioned devices not only deliver tutoring material to the learner, but might also serve as sensors to provide data about the learning process itself, e.g., learning conditions, location, detailed information on learning of tutoring material and other information. This sensor data put into the context of the study process can be widely used to improve student experience in the classroom and e-learning by providing more precise and detailed information to the teacher and/or an intelligent tutoring system for the selection of an appropriate tutoring strategy. This paper analyses and discusses acquisition, processing, and application scenarios of contextual information.