bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine learning-based risk prediction for major adverse cardiovascular events in a Brazilian hospital: Development, external validation, and interpretability
Authors: Shimizu Gilson Yuuji , Schrempf Michael , Romão Elen Almeida , Jauk Stefanie , Kramer Diether , Rainer Peter P. , Cardeal da Costa José Abrão , de Azevedo-Marques João Mazzoncini , Scarpelini Sandro , Suzuki Katia Mitiko Firmino , César Hilton Vicente , de Azevedo-Marques Paulo Mazzoncini
Published: October 2024

Background

Studies of cardiovascular disease risk prediction by machine learning algorithms often do not assess their ability to generalize to other populations and few of them include an analysis of the interpretability of individual predictions. This manuscript addresses the development and validation, both internal and external, of predictive models for the assessment of risks of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE). Global and local interpretability analyses of predictions were conducted towards improving MACE’s model reliability and tailoring preventive interventions.

Methods

The models were trained and validated on a retrospective cohort with the use of data from Ribeirão Preto Medical School (RPMS), University of São Paulo, Brazil. Data from Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC), USA, were used for external validation. A balanced sample of 6,000 MACE cases and 6,000 non-MACE cases from RPMS was created for training and internal validation and an additional one of 8,000 MACE cases and 8,000 non-MACE cases from BIDMC was employed for external validation. Eight machine learning algorithms, namely Penalized Logistic Regression, Random Forest, XGBoost, Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, k-Nearest Neighbors, Naive Bayes, and Multi-Layer Perceptron were trained to predict a 5-year risk of major adverse cardiovascular events and their predictive performance was evaluated regarding accuracy, ROC curve (receiver operating characteristic), and AUC (area under the ROC curve). LIME and Shapley values were applied towards insights about model interpretability.

Findings

Random Forest showed the best predictive performance in both internal validation (AUC = 0.871 (0.859–0.882); Accuracy = 0.794 (0.782–0.808)) and external one (AUC = 0.786 (0.778–0.792); Accuracy = 0.710 (0.704–0.717)). Compared to LIME, Shapley values suggest more consistent explanations on exploratory analysis and importance of features.

Conclusions

Among the machine learning algorithms evaluated, Random Forest showed the best generalization ability, both internally and externally. Shapley values for local interpretability were more informative than LIME ones, which is in line with our exploratory analysis and global interpretation of the final model. Machine learning algorithms with good generalization and accompanied by interpretability analyses are recommended for assessments of individual risks of cardiovascular diseases and development of personalized preventive actions.
Variance in odds ratios for estimating the deterrent effect of darkness on cycling: Variation due to the choice of case and control hours
Authors: Fotios Steve , Uttley Jim , Yesiltepe Demet , Balela Maan
Published: October 2024

Comparing the counts of cyclists travelling at specific times of day is one approach to measuring the impact of ambient light level. Here we investigate one source of variance in the magnitude of change seen in previous research—the choice of case and control hour. This was done through an analysis of cyclist flows using data from multiple automated cyclist counters in five cities (Arlington, Bergen, Berlin, Birmingham and Leeds) to determine the odds ratios (OR) for each combination of case and control hour. The results tend to reveal odds ratios above 1.0 indicating that cycling can be deterred by darkness. The odds ratios varied with the choice of case and control hour. For two cities (Birmingham and Leeds), the impact was small, with little difference in ORs between any case and control hour combination. For three cities the variance in ORs was larger. To represent the impact of darkness on cycling flows across the range of case and control hours we suggest the Mantel-Haenszel pooled odds ratio is used, in which the odds ratio for each combination of case and control hour is weighted by the total number of cyclists in that combination. This suggested a statistically significant (p<0.001) deterrent effect of darkness in all five cities.
A qualitative exploration of policy interventions to improve the health-related quality of life of people living with HIV AIDS and co-morbidities of hypertension and/or diabetes in Ghana
Authors: Owusu Richmond , Bawua Serwaa Akoto , Kwarteng Emmanuel Bugyei , Baatiema Leonard , Nonvignon Justice
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The intersection of infectious diseases, such as HIV, with chronic conditions like hypertension and diabetes poses a significant challenge in global health. While advancements in antiretroviral therapy have transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, a growing number of individuals with HIV now grapple with coexisting non-communicable diseases, impacting their Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). Despite strides in HIV care, there is a notable policy gap that undermines efforts to address HIV-associated co-morbidities, particularly hypertension and diabetes, especially efforts to improve access, early detection, and ultimately HRQoL for individuals with HIV and co-morbidities. This study seeks to explore policy interventions aimed at improving the quality of life of HIV patients with hypertension or diabetes.

Methods

The study utilized a qualitative descriptive design to explore the experiences and perspectives of healthcare professionals and support staff regarding policy interventions for managing HIV patients with hypertension and/or diabetes co-morbidities in three regions of Ghana. The research was conducted in the Upper West, Ashanti, and Greater Accra regions among 11 participants, chosen purposively from professions involved in HIV patient care to understand their views on the implementation of policy interventions to HRQoL for individuals with HIV and co-morbidities. In-depth interviews were conducted face-to-face and tape-recorded. Thematic analysis approach was used to analyze the data.

Results

The study involved 11 participants from three regions with varied years of experience. Implemented policies that potentially improve the HRQoL for individuals with HIV and co-morbidities involve support groups, home visits, provision of free drugs, and counselling. Barriers to policy implementation included non-adherence to medication, stigma, cost of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) medications, accessibility issues to NCDs services, lack of interest or understanding among implementers, and high staff turnover. Facilitators encompassed in-service training, guidelines in common platforms, knowledge sharing, external resources, regular check-ups, and motivational packages for patients.

Conclusion

Individuals with HIV and comorbidities face complex challenges impacting their HRQoL, including emotional and financial dimensions. The study identifies critical policies and barriers, underscoring the need for tailored, patient-centered approaches. Facilitators like in-service training and regular check-ups offer actionable insights for effective policy implementation, emphasizing improved health outcomes for those with comorbid conditions. The study recommends integrated care approach and adherence support programs that address the unique challenges faced by people living with HIV.
Psychosocial and pandemic-related circumstances of suicide deaths in 2020: Evidence from the National Violent Death Reporting System
Authors: Mezuk Briana , Kalesnikava Viktoryia , Ananthasubramaniam Aparna , Lane Annalise , Rodriguez-Putnam Alejandro , Johns Lily , Bagge Courtney , Burgard Sarah , Zivin Kara
Published: October 2024

Purpose

To describe and explore variation in ‘pandemic-related circumstances’ among suicide decedents during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

We identified pandemic-related circumstances using decedents’ text narratives in the 2020 National Violent Death Reporting System. We use time-series analysis to compare other psychosocial characteristics (e.g., mental health history, interpersonal difficulties, financial strain) of decedents pre-pandemic (2017/2018: n = 56,968 suicide and n = 7,551 undetermined deaths) to those in 2020 (n = 31,887 suicide and n = 4,100 undetermined). We characterize common themes in the narratives with pandemic-related circumstances using topic modeling, and explore variation in topics by age and other psychosocial circumstances.

Results

In 2020, n = 2,502 (6.98%) narratives described pandemic-related circumstances. Compared to other deaths in 2020 and to the pre-pandemic period, decedents with pandemic-related circumstances were older and more highly educated. Common themes of pandemic-related circumstances narratives included: concerns about shutdown restrictions, financial losses, and infection risk. Relative to decedents of the same age that did not have pandemic-related circumstances in 2020, those with pandemic-related circumstances were more likely to also have financial (e.g., for 25–44 years, 43% vs. 12%) and mental health (76% vs. 66%) psychosocial circumstances, but had similar or lower prevalence of substance abuse (47% vs. 49%) and interpersonal (40% vs. 42%) circumstances.

Conclusions

While descriptive, these findings help contextualize suicide mortality during the acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic and can inform mental health promotion efforts during similar public health emergencies.
Differential associations between experiences of contraceptive care and subsequent contraceptive access and preferences among family planning patients by racial and ethnic identity: Evidence from Arizona, Iowa, and Wisconsin
Authors: Kavanaugh Megan L. , Haas Madeleine , Douglas-Hall Ayana
Published: October 2024

While many frameworks exist for building person-centered and equitable systems of contraceptive care, evidence indicates that the reality of patients’ experiences of care is often not in alignment with these ideals. Historical and current contexts of racism in the healthcare system contribute to negative perceptions and experiences of care, as well as reduced care-seeking behavior, for those who identify as Black, Indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC). Our objective in this analysis is to examine whether people’s past experiences of contraceptive care are a driver of subsequent barriers to contraceptive access, and whether this relationship differs across racial and ethnic identity. We draw on panel data from five waves of surveys collected between 2018–2023 among patients ages fifteen and older seeking family planning care at sites that receive public funding for these services in Arizona, Iowa, and Wisconsin. Overall and stratified by race/ethnicity, we examine cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between patients’ experiences of high-quality, person-centered contraceptive care and three contraceptive access outcomes: use of preferred contraception, satisfaction with contraceptive method, and experience of no barriers to accessing preferred contraception. We find longitudinal associations between patients experiencing higher-quality, more person-centered contraceptive care and subsequent satisfaction with contraceptive methods. Among non-Hispanic white-identifying patients, we find similar associations between shifting to higher-quality contraceptive care and use of preferred contraception, but we find no statistical relationship between experiencing higher-quality care and subsequent contraceptive outcomes for patients who identify as Black, Indigenous, or Person of Color (BIPOC). Highlighting the dissonance between clinical guidance for quality contraceptive care and patient experiences of care, and especially whether similar experiences across racial and ethnic identity lead to differential outcomes, is a crucial step toward bringing contraceptive care systems into alignment with principles of sexual and reproductive health equity.
Evaluating diagnostic accuracy and agreement of TI-RADS scoring in thyroid nodules: A comparative analysis between sonographers and radiologists
Authors: Alfuraih Abdulrahman M. , Alotaibi Abdullah M. , Alshammari Alanoud K. , Alrashied Basmah F. , Mashhor Yahya M. , Mahmoud Mustafa , Alsaadi Mohammed J.
Published: October 2024

Objective

The Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) is an essential tool for assessing thyroid nodules, primarily used by radiologists. This study aimed to compare the agreement of TI-RADS scores between sonographers and radiologists and to assess the diagnostic performance of these scores against histological findings in suspicious thyroid nodules.

Methods

In a retrospective analysis, 168 patients with suspicious thyroid nodules classified as TR3 and above by the radiologists were included. Both sonographers and radiologists independently assigned the American College of Radiologists (ACR) TI-RADS scores, which were then compared for inter-reader agreement using Cohen’s Kappa statistic. The scores were also evaluated for diagnostic performance against histological results based on the Bethesda system.

Results

The study revealed a moderate overall agreement between sonographers and radiologists in TI-RADS scoring (κ = 0.504; 95% CI: 0.409–0.599), with poor agreement noted specifically for nodule margin scores (κ = 0.102; 95% CI: -1.430–0.301). In terms of diagnostic performance against histological outcomes, sonographers’ TI-RADS scores showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 44.6%, while radiologists’ scores showed a sensitivity of 100% but a lower specificity of 29.3%.

Conclusion

The findings indicate moderate agreement in TI-RADS scoring between sonographers and radiologists, with reproducibility challenges especially in scoring nodule margins. The marginally superior diagnostic performance of sonographers’ scores suggests potential efficiency benefits in involving sonographers in preliminary assessments. Future research should aim to encompass a wider range of TI-RADS categories and focus on minimizing scoring variability to enhance the system’s clinical utility.
Investigating the agenda of global warming on Twitter: A machine learning approach
Authors: Zhang Xiaoqun
Published: October 2024

This study investigates the agenda of global warming issue based on the two levels of agenda-setting framework. Using the Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT)-based models, it identifies nine attributes of global warming issue and estimates the average tone of tweets in each month of 2021. The findings suggest the attributes are interconnected and partisan divides existed to a larger extent in certain attributes than in others. The nine attributes identified, their inherent interconnections as well as different tones associated with these attributes have the implications for policy-makers to formulate and evaluate policies regarding this multifaceted issue.
A vocabulary of meaning of designed commercial artefacts based on naturally occurring language use
Authors: Ajovalasit Marco , Moorhouse Gustav , Giacomin Joseph
Published: October 2024

This study is a survey of the English-language words that are used when speaking about meaning with specific focus on the categories of function, ritual and myth. Such words can be used in interviews, questionnaires, measurement metrics and other forms of ethnography and testing. Understanding why consumers perceive designed artefacts to be personally relevant is a commercial imperative. Previous research has suggested that three categories of meaning are commonly encountered, i.e. function, ritual and myth. They cover a spectrum from the purely instrumental to the purely symbolic. However, despite the logical and philosophical groundwork, there has been little analysis of the actual words and phrases that are in everyday use by people when describing the meanings of designed artefacts. The objectives of the study described here were (1) to identify the words and phrases that are most frequently encountered in everyday language when discussing meaning, (2) to determine for each word or phrase its degree of belonging to the formal categories of function, ritual and myth and (3) to thematically group the words and phrases into macro-components of meaning. Three different analysis were performed. The first was based on the contents of major online dictionaries and thesauri, the second was based on the results from queries of the online lexical database WordNet and the third was based on a corpus analysis approach involving neural network word embedding algorithms. Thematic grouping of the database of extracted words and phrases suggested that in all three cases the macro-components of the concept of ‘function’, ‘ritual’ and ‘myth’ cover a spectrum that can be considered to be from an essential property (‘intention’, ‘ceremonial’ and ‘belief’) to an emergent property (‘action’, ‘spiritual’ and ‘symbolism’). The list of words, phrases and macro-components provides a first empirically established vocabulary of meaning for use in design activity.
No end in sight: The Climate Domesday Book as an exemplar of discursive and activist design
Authors: Ely Philip , Frohlich David M. , Bairaktaris George , Yuan Haiyue
Published: October 2024

Purpose/audience: Designed artefacts intended for users and markets serve primarily functional and pragmatic uses, yet there are other forms of designed artefacts whose purpose for being is to present concepts, inspire thought and provoke action. Their existence is not utilitarian but one of speculation. In this article, we draw attention to how materials, technologies and ideas are brought together in speculative forms of editorial design that confront the existential crisis of our times – the climate emergency. In doing so, we aim to catalyse future work on hybrid print-digital books and design for activism. Methodology/approach: Through a critical reflection of the process of designing, developing and publicly exhibiting an interactive book-of-the-future centred on a contemporary environmental issue, we interrogate the design of multimodal, polyvocal artefacts and their place in public and academic discourse. We briefly explain the origins and motivations of the project to create The Climate Domesday Book, analyse the design and production process and critically review both the physical book design and the digital texts within (films, poetry, art, performances and writing). Findings: Manifest as a printed-digital speculative artefact, The Climate Domesday Book is a diegetic prototype of the book-of-the-future, a knowledge-building artefact through graphesis and a discursive design that stimulates thought and action. Temporally and conceptually, it shifts its mode of existence from an ambiguous project towards a generative design and – eventually – a design for activism. The collaborative design of discursive artefacts can play a part in shaping public understanding and discourse on critical issues. Such artefacts facilitate new social connections, provoke individual action and serve as catalysts for social and technological innovation. Implications for practice, society or research: Functionalist or utilitarian forms of design – products, processes, services and built environments – are prevalent in everyday life, yet these do little to advance our thinking about possible, desirable or alternative futures. By contrast, multimodal, polyvocal activist designs afford designers and users/readers/publics the opportunity to interrogate contemporary (and persistent) issues of human concern in imaginative ways and provoke positive action in response. Originality/value: Our ‘book-of-the-future’ draws attention to the possibility of hybrid print-digital publications as lean-back/stand-back and lean-forward/step-forward discursive and activist devices in either public or private spaces, as alternatives to agonistic street demonstration or direct action and as exemplars of aesthetic, activist energy humanities.
Meditations on Mum’s House Philosophy
Authors: Mensah Otis , Mason Alex , Carmichael-Murphy Parise
Published: October 2024

Mum’s House Philosophy is a concept created by Otis Mensah in his debut EP Mum’s House, Philosopher (2018). It derives from Mensah’s desire to challenge conventional ideas around legitimate knowledge production and assert the accessible, intellectual and communal qualities of hip hop. Below, Mensah discusses Mum’s House Philosophy with Dr Alex Mason and Parise Carmichael-Murphy who co-organized the 2021 Hip Hop & Higher Education Conference, following Mason and Mensah’s collaboration on a hip hop lecture and seminar series, and Artist in Residency at the University of Sheffield. Together they unpack the principles of Mum’s House Philosophy, consider the value and challenge of bringing it into university, and how it enriches their individual and collective approaches to artist–scholar collaborations. Drawing from this discussion, they pose important questions for the reader to reflect on as they seek to incorporate hip hop into higher education.
“Cachorro del imperio” versus “cachorro de Fidel”: los insultos en la política latinoamericana
Authors: Bolívar Adriana
Published: October 2024

El intercambio de insultos entre presidentes y/o jefes de estado parece haberse convertido en una práctica discursiva global, celebrada por algunos y rechazada por otros de acuerdo con sus sistemas de evaluaciones. Nos encontramos con diálogos en los que se realiza un trabajo ideológico con la palabra ofensiva cuyo propósito es el de legitimar o deslegitimar a líderes regionales, sus proyectos políticos, y afianzar identidades culturales. Aunque los insultos son aceptados en ciertos contextos como parte de la interacción, en el diálogo político confrontacional pueden afectar las relaciones diplomáticas y, a largo plazo, vulnerar el diálogo democrático. En este trabajo, se presenta un estudio sobre el conflicto verbal entre Hugo Chávez, presidente de Venezuela, y Vicente Fox, presidente de México, inmediatamente después de la celebración de la IV Cumbre de las Américas en el año 2005, con el objetivo de examinar, por un lado, la manera en que las partes involucradas evaluaron las palabras ofensivas (como insulto o no) y, por otro, describir e interpretar la forma que toma el diálogo democrático a través de la prensa. La categoría central es la evaluación porque es la principal motivación para el cambio en la interacción y en la política, y nos permite conocer si las palabras tienen valor ofensivo o no en determinadas circunstancias. Aplicando principios fundamentales del análisis de la conversación, se analizan secuencias de macro-intercambios tal como emergen de la interacción a través de la prensa. El estudio muestra la complejidad de los insultos políticos debido a que están involucradas motivaciones ideológicas, morales y culturales que no pueden ignorarse.
La pobreza en el discurso del presidente de Venezuela, Hugo Chávez Frías
Authors: Domínguez Torres Mariluz
Published: October 2024

Este trabajo tiene como objetivo dar cuenta de la representación discursiva que sobre la pobreza aparece en el discurso del presidente de Venezuela, Hugo Chávez Frías. En primer lugar, ubicamos el discurso del mandatario en la red de prácticas discursivas de las que forma parte. Posteriormente, explicamos, desde las perspectivas de la semántica lingüística (Pottier, 1992; Molero, 1994, 1995) y de la teoría cognitiva de la metáfora (Lakoff y Johnson, 1980), cómo el enunciador construye lingüísticamente el concepto de pobreza. De los discursos pronunciados por el presidente desde 1999 hasta el 2005, seleccionamos setenta y cuatro (74) en los que aparecen las nociones de “pobreza” o “pobres”. El análisis lingüístico evidencia que la pobreza ocupa varias posiciones actanciales: aparece como el agente de procesos de degradación (rebeliones, narcotráfico, delincuencia) o como el resultado de la aplicación de los modelos económicos neoliberales. Los pobres, generalmente, carecen de agentividad; son presentados como los beneficiarios de las medidas gubernamentales. La pobreza es conceptualizada mediante metáforas espaciales y ontológicas. Espacialmente es concebida como un lugar inferior, como un “infierno” donde está hundido el pueblo venezolano y de donde será rescatado por el líder. También aparecen las metáforas ontológicas de la pobreza como “amenaza” a la estabilidad del mundo y a la democracia, como “mal” que debe ser combatido, como “muerte” o como una “bestia” que ha sido frenada por las medidas gubernamentales. Interpretamos que la propuesta de reducir la pobreza constituye un recurso ideológico-político para obtener la adhesión de los sectores desposeídos y para construir acuerdos con otros gobernantes.
Narraciones de encuentros transculturales como marcos de referencia interpretativos para la lectura de la palabra y el mundo
Authors: Majors Yolanda J. , Lizasoain Conejeros Andrea
Published: October 2024

Este artículo describe la manera en que un grupo de mujeres afroamericanas leen las relaciones sociales como textos construidos socialmente. Pienso que dicha lectura es una destreza de literacidad, que se practica y perfecciona dentro de las aulas de clase y de las comunidades que las personas que cruzan fronteras culturales1 desarrollan a través de su participación dentro de comunidades de discursos específicos, así como también mediante su desplazamiento a través de diferentes tipos de comunidades (Majors y Orellana, 2003). Mis conclusiones se basan en un estudio etnográfico de la conversación en una peluquería afroamericana, con el fin de iluminar y, al mismo tiempo, desafiar las nociones de textos, literacidad, contextos letrados y permeabilidad de dichos contextos en relación a la adquisición y utilización de destrezas. El estudio se enfoca en las actuaciones públicas y en el discurso social de estas mujeres, y en sus lecturas sobre estas actuaciones. Los investigadores del lenguaje y del aprendizaje aseguran que el éxito y el fracaso en la escuela dependen de la capacidad de explorar los procesos de construcción de significado a través de los discursos (Cazden, 2001; Cole; 1996; Delpit, 1995; Gee, 1992; Lee y Majors, 2003). Mi pregunta es, entonces, ¿qué papel juegan los procesos y habilidades para leer claves lingüísticas y paralingüísticas en la facilitación de esta exploración? ¿De qué manera el conocimiento de estos procesos y habilidades como destrezas de lectura iluminan las complejidades que involucra el trabajo social y, posiblemente, académico que realizan los participantes en la construcción de identidades? Y, finalmente, ¿cómo puede dicho conocimiento ayudarnos a identificar mecanismos para desarrollar habilidades de literacidad en la escuela?
María Elena Placencia y Carmen García (eds). Research on politeness in the Spanish Speaking World. Mahwah, New Jersey/ London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007 442 págs. ISBN 978-0-8058-5227-1
Authors: Grisolía María Belén
Published: October 2024

María Elena Placencia y Carmen García (eds). Research on politeness in the Spanish Speaking World. Mahwah, New Jersey/ London: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2007 442 págs. ISBN 978-0-8058-5227-1.
Fronteras discursivas: Las políticas migratorias de inclusión y exclusión en la Unión Europea
Authors: García Agustín Óscar
Published: October 2024

La voluntad de la Unión Europea de crear un enfoque global y comprehensivo sobre la inmigración se basa en una concepción positiva de la misma y en una serie de directivas y mecanismos para abordarla. No obstante, la creación de una inmigración positiva se logra mediante el establecimiento de fronteras discursivas que delimitan qué tipo de inmigración es deseada, y puede formar parte, por tanto, del espacio político, y qué tipo de inmigración queda excluida. Las categorías legal e ilegal son articuladas dentro de la formación hegemónica europea. La significación de la inmigración legal se vincula al discurso de la competitividad económica y se reduce exclusivamente a la mano de obra cualificada, mientras que la inmigración ilegal es combatida desde el punto de vista policial en un intento por delimitar las fronteras internas y externas. La delimitación de un tipo de inmigración adecuado para el modelo europeo tiene, además, consecuencias sobre las políticas de integración y los valores predominantes dentro de los Estados nación.
Análisis de la sensibilidad del caudal aprovechable para generación hidroeléctrica del proyecto “El Tigre” ante los efectos del cambio climático
Authors: Palacios Cabrera Teresa Alejandra , Quishpe Landeta Diego , Armenta Guillermo , Arias Margarita , Gavilanes López Sandra Lucía
Published: October 2024

Esta investigación genera información valiosa, que permite analizar y evaluar la sensibilidad del caudal aprovechable para generación hidroeléctrica del proyecto “El Tigre” ante los efectos del cambio climático; el análisis plantea propuestas de mitigación y adaptación de la cuenca del río Guayllabamba y las subcuencas como el río Alambí, que provee alternativas y acciones a ser consideradas en el diseño de obras y actividades con miras a la sostenibilidad de las inversiones realizadas en propuestas del gobierno ecuatoriano para el cambio de matriz energética y mega obras en el país. En la metodología se utiliza varios modelos de cambio climático (—GMC), en cuanto a la precipitación cuyas proyecciones indican que, para la zona de estudio existe una probabilidad significativa de incremento de eventos extremos denominados “tormentas” cuyo resultado incide en el aumento en los caudales por día en la zona de intervención del proyecto. El Proyecto El Tigre soportaría un 87% del caudal de crecida, por lo que el diseño del proyecto no requiere modificación desde el punto de vista estructural, para enfrentar el aumento de precipitaciones como resultado del cambio climático, sin descuidar las medidas de adaptación que se requieren realizar, relacionadas con el manejo integral de la cuenca. La infraestructura de El Tigre ha sido diseñada para soportar caudales superiores con tiempos de retorno de 100 años, que, bajo los escenarios de cambio climático analizados se prevé que en un futuro no cause daños a la central hidroeléctrica. Siendo necesario contar con el plan de manejo para la cuenca del área de influencia del proyecto.
Orihuela (España), laboratorio del territorio para la enseñanza del riesgo de inundación. Una propuesta didáctica social y ambiental
Authors: Zaragoza Sáez Ángela del Carmen , Morote Seguido Álvaro-Francisco
Published: October 2024

El fenómeno de las inundaciones es el principal peligro que afecta a la región mediterránea, tanto en víctimas mortales como en daños económicos y materiales. Por este motivo, concienciar y formar sobre estos fenómenos a las generaciones futuras es necesario para incrementar la resiliencia socio-territorial. Este trabajo tiene el objetivo de proponer diferentes actividades didácticas para enseñar las inundaciones y sus riesgos asociados en la asignatura de “Geografía de España” (2º de Bachillerato) en el municipio de Orihuela (Alicante, España). Estas propuestas, asimismo, se ofrecen a la comunidad docente en general ya que pueden servir de guía para su implementación en otros contextos territoriales y educativos. Formar a la población sobre estos fenómenos es sumamente necesario debido a las manifestaciones ya constatadas del cambio climático. En este caso, el factor educación es una variable más para hacer frente al calentamiento global e incrementar, de esta manera, la resiliencia social y ambiental.
Rebuttal of Holliday et al.’s Comprehensive Gish Gallop of the Younger Dryas Impact Hypothesis
Authors: Sweatman Martin B. , Powell James L. , West Allen
Published: October 2024

In an article comprising some 96,000 words, Holliday et al. (2023) (HEA) claim to have “comprehensively refuted” the Younger Dryas impact hypothesis (YDIH), even though it has been corroborated by scores of articles in dozens of peer-reviewed journals based on the discovery of some combination of synchronous nanodiamonds, exotic microspherules and platinum enrichment at more than 50 Younger Dryas boundary sites on five continents. No hypothesis or theory is immune from criticism, but to “comprehensively refute” one so well established should require dispositive falsifying evidence. However, HEA provide no new evidence of their own and many of their arguments are based on faulty reasoning. Their remaining differences of opinion do not lend themselves to the falsification of an active hypothesis supported by an abundance of reproducible evidence, which now includes shocked quartz which is generally accepted to be produced only by cosmic impacts. Their article can therefore be called a Gish gallop; a long series of weak or flawed arguments designed to overwhelm an opponent. Since HEA’s claims are too many to respond to individually, we instead have selected portions of their article for critical analysis. By providing strong line-by-line counterarguments to their text we crucially show that they demonstrate a poor understanding of the logic required to test the YDIH and a poor understanding of uncertainty in experimental data analysis, and these problems propagate through many parts of their review. We also show that they repeatedly distort the facts and make misleading claims or derisory remarks. In summary, their approach is a corruption of the scientific method. In fact, the YDIH remains in a very strong position and probably represents a second example to go along with the Alvarez Theory of an extraterrestrial event that affected life on Earth. A hypothesis with such potential should not be so casually dismissed and instead should continue to be the subject of research.
Resumos do Congresso CFF de Ciências Farmacêuticas – Edição Natal-RN
Authors: Conselho Federal de Farmacia
Published: October 2024

Resumos do Congresso CFF de Ciências Farmacêuticas – Edição Natal-RN
PARADIGMA METODOLOGI AKUNTANSI POSITIF DALAM PERSPEKTIF FILSAFAT ILMU
Authors: Triyono Triyono
Published: October 2024

This article reviews the positive accounting in accounting research. The objective positive accounting is to explain and predict of real world events. Positive accounting takes the view that firms organize themselves in the most efficient manner, so as to maximize their prospects for survival. A firm can be viewed as a nexeus of contract. There are three hyphotheses form an important component of positive accounting (hyphotheses bonus plan, debt convenant and political cost). Note that they all lead empirical testable predictions. The criticisms of positive accounting research can be dichomtomized into two mutually exclusive sets: those concerning research methods and those concerning the philosophy of science. However, we believe the litterature has made contributions: it provides an intituively plausible framework for understanding accounting. A plausible framework is a useful pedagogy for teaching accounting. The major breakthroughs are likely to come from viewing positive accounting as a choice that is endogenous with the choice of organization, contracting and financial structure. Such a breakthrough will be difficult to achieve, but important foundations can be laid by stressing the linkage between the theory and the empirical test. Thus we can say, that between methodology positivistic and alternative (qualitative), there is a promising field for interdisciplinary research and collaboration in the future.
ANALISIS PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, KEPEMILIKAN SAHAM MANAJEMEN, PROFITABILITAS, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN, DAN LIKUIDITAS, TERHADAP KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN DALAM MENINGKATKAN NILAI PERUSAHAAN
Authors: Irmawati Dessy
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study is analyzing the impact of the variable Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), Insider Ownership (IO), Return On Asset (ROA),  Firm Size (SIZE), Current Ratio (CR), on variable Deviden Payout Ratio (DPR) and corporate value on manufacturing companies  listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange 2008 – 2011 period. Research using purposive sampling method for taking samples with the following criteria: (1) manufacturing company published financial report during period 2008 -2011; and (2) manufacturing company which always pays deviden within period of research (2008-2011). The Data was based on publicity Indonesian Capital Market Directory (ICMD) from 2008 to 2011. Sample was acquired 134 observed. Data was analyzed with multi linier regression of ordinary least square and hypotheses was tested using t-statistic and f-statistic at level of significance 1%, 5%, 10%. Analysis result shows that insider ownership, ROA is partially affecting DPR have a significance value less than 5%, while firm size, liquidity and current ratio are not significant impact on DPR. ROA, DPR and firm size able to affect company value have a significance value less than 5%, while DER,insider ownership,  liquidity and current ratio are not significant impact on company value. The implication is that the company should prioritize ROA since ROA is a variable which dominantly affecting DPR and company value. The meaning of strategy which is done through investment strategy that is based on ROA has positif relationship upon deviden policy which means if the company has high profitability will give increase of deviden policy actually increase company value.
ANALISIS FAKTOR FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI MINAT KUNJUNGAN ULANG WISATAWAN SEMARANG
Authors: Nuraeni Bellinda Sofia
Published: October 2024

AbstrakVisit Jawa Tengah 2013  merupakan sebuah gerakan untuk meningkatkan  kepedulian terhadap potensi luar biasa yang dimiliki  oleh Jawa Tengah. Museum  Ranggarwasita Jawa Tengah merupakan salah satu destinasi  wisata utama yang disiapkan untuk Visit Jateng 2013.  Hal ini karena Museum  Ranggawarsita merupakan museum  terbesar di Jawa Tengah  yang memiliki  koleksi cukup lengkap. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini adalah menurunnya jumlah  kunjungan wisatawan ke Museum  Ranggawarsita Semarang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor  yang mempengaruhi  minat kunjung ulang wisatawan Museum  Ranggawarsita Semarang.Dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan sebuah permodelan dengan tujuh hipotesis  yang telah dirumuskan. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 110 responden yang merupakan pengunjung  Museum  Ranggawarsita Semarang. Metode  yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah menggunakan  metode  PLS-SEM.Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh  signifikan  terhadap variabel minat  kunjung ulang adalah variabel promosi,  variabel kualitas pelayanan dan variabel daya tarik wisata.  Kemudian, variabel yang berpengaruh  signifikan  terhadap variabel citra wisata adalah variabel promosi  dan variabel kualitas pelayanan. dan variabel yang berpengaruh terhadap  daya tarik wisata adalah variabel kualitas  pelayanan.
Beberapa Studi Tentang Tarif Listrik di Indonesia dan Alternatif Penentuan Tarif dengan Metode Akuntansi
Authors: Ghozali Imam
Published: October 2024

Kebijakan deregulasi dan debirokratisasi yang sudah  berjalan sejak tahun 1983,  seperti telah kita ketahui bersama,  sesungguhnya ditujukan  untuk meningkatkan efisiensi di dalam perekonomian Indonesia.  Sektor  listrik seyogyanya  tidak terlepas dari kebijakan deregulasi dan debirokratisasi yang serupa. Beberapa langkah kebijakan telah diambil oleh pemerintah  seperti yang dinyatakan oleh Pemimpin PT PLN Distribusi Jateng Bapak Ir Syaiful B Ibrahim,  Msc di harian Wawasan 30 Juni 1998. PT PLNyang jangkauan operasionalnya dari Sabang sampai  Timar Timur akan dipecah-pecah menjadi beberapa bagian berdiri sendiri agar efisien dan lebih kompetitif. Rencana pemecahan PLN ini merupakan bagian dari restrukturisasi PT PLN. PLN distribusi Jawa Tengah nantinya akan berdiri sendiri terlepas dari PLN pusat. Demikian juga PLN distribusi Jatim,  Jabar dan DKI Jaya. Keempat perusahaan listrik di Jawa ini akan bersaing memperebutkan pasar. Masing-masing bebas menetukan tarif listrik karena pemerintah sudah tidak memberikan lagi subsidi bagi konsumen listrik di Jawa.
The Bibliometric Analysis of Bank Stability
Authors: Anggaredho Panji Patra
Published: October 2024

The central role of banks in the economy has been getting more attention since the global crisis occurred in 2008 which was caused by the bankruptcy of large banks in the United States. The collapse of the economic system has had implications for high recovery costs so efforts to maintain bank stability must be thought continuously. The studies to analyze literature reviews on the subject of bank stability have never been specifically conducted therefore this study aims to determine and analyze literature mapping on bank stability by meta-data network and studies trends over the last 10 years (2013-2023). We used a literature review study method (a bibliometric analysis approach) to review 165 articles during the observation period. The results of this study shows that studies of bank stability associated with other keywords such as monetary policy, bank profitability, shadow banking, and price stability are still rarely conducted. Then, based on the development of studies trends over 2013-2023 shows a downward trend. This also opens up space for the study of bank stability considering that its existence is needed to prevent a global economic crisis. Furthermore, based on the density visualization, it shows that themes that are rarely associated with bank stability are efficiency, commercial bank, systemic rice, and price stability so these three variables could become study opportunities in the future.
Financial Management: Fundamental Factors Against Stock Prices on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Marjohan Masno
Published: October 2024

This study aims to analyze internal fundamental factors that affect the share prices of consumer industry companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange against stock prices for the period 2013 – 2022. The population in this study is annual financial statements, while the samples used are balance sheets, financial statements, income statements, financial statements, and other reports for the last 10 years. The methods used are multiple linear regression test analysis, coefficient of determination, partial t- test, and simultaneous F test, using SPSS. The results showed that the adjustment value of the R square coefficient of determination was 0.874, which means that the independent variable affects the dependent variable by 87.4% and the remaining 12.6% is influenced by other variables outside this study. The results of Test F prove that there is a simultaneous influence of fundamental factors on Stock Price, while the results of Test t prove that some fundamental factors on Stock Price have no effect. The recommendation for the next researcher is to add variables, the scope of research is further expanded, and for investors to pay attention to the stock price and value of the Company.
The Influence of Service Quality and Promotion on Consumer Loyalty Through Customer Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable
Authors: Haryanti Denny Septa , Hermawanti Nanik , Prilyana Cindy , Anggiani Sarfilianty
Published: October 2024

This research aims to examine and analyze the influence of Service Quality and Promotion on Consumer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction as an intervening variable for customers at Sulawesi Grilled Fish.  The dependent variable used in this research is Consumer Loyalty (Y), the intervening variable used is Customer Satisfaction (Z), while the independent variables used are Service Quality (X1) and Promotion (X2). The sample in this study was 96 respondents.  The sampling technique uses purposive sampling with the criteria being that the respondent is at least 18 years old and has made at least 2 purchases.  The analytical method used is Convergent Validity, Discriminant Validity.  Composite Reliability, Inner model. The results of the research conducted show that Service Quality and Promotion have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction, the Service Quality and Promotion variables have a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty, the Service Quality variable has a positive and significant effect on Consumer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction, and the Promotion variable has an effect positive and significant towards Customer Loyalty through Customer Satisfaction.
Balancing conservation and development for achieving land degradation neutrality
Authors: Abhishek Kumar  , Sanjay Singh  , Rahul Kumar  , Mukesh Kumar  , Komal Rani  , Joel James
Published: October 2024

The loss of biodiversity has risen dramatically in the face of a global emergency and worsened by human activities which involves habitat destruction, pollution, and climate change. Biodiversity is essential for sustainable development, supporting ecosystem services crucial for agriculture, forestry and climate regulation. These services are threatened by biodiversity loss, which also has an impact on world cultural heritage, economic stability and human well-being. Moreover, a decline in biodiversity exacerbates the effects of climate change, undermining ecosystem resilience and making food poverty worse. Achieving Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), a global goal to stop and reverse land degradation through sustainable land management techniques, depends on effective biodiversity protection. LDN projects aim to balance restoration efforts against deterioration in order to preserve or improve land-based natural capital. This chapter highlights the biophysical and socioeconomic factors driving land degradation, including unsustainable agricultural practices, urbanization and climate change impacts. It underscores the importance of integrated approaches that consider ecological, social and economic dimensions in achieving LDN. Principles such as respecting human rights, promoting good governance, and engaging stakeholders are critical for successful LDN implementation. This chapter emphasizes the need for global cooperation and policy reforms to mitigate biodiversity loss, combat land degradation and ensure sustainable land use practices for future generations.
Asystemowy i niekonstytucyjny charakter ewolucji modelu opodatkowania spółek handlowych w Polsce
Authors: Drozdowski Edgar Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest krytyczna ocena kierunku ewolucji modelu opodatkowania spółek handlowych w Polsce. Autor wskazuje, że wprowadzone w ostatnich latach zmiany w opodatkowaniu spółek osobowych (komandytowej, komandytowo-akcyjnej i jawnej) mają charakter asystemowy i dowodzi, że niektóre z wprowadzonych rozwiązań naruszają konstytucyjną zasadę sprawiedliwości podatkowej (art. 2 i 32 w zw. z art. 84 Konstytucji RP), w szczególności: nadanie podmiotowości prawnopodatkowej spółce jawnej (art. 1 ust. 3 pkt 1a lit. a–c ustawy o podatku dochodowym od osób prawnych), nierówne traktowanie wspólników spółki jawnej i komplementariuszy spółki komandytowej i komandytowo-akcyjnej (art. 30a ust. 1 pkt 4 w związku z art. 30a ust. 6a–6c ustawa o podatku dochodowym od osób fizycznych [u.p.d.o.f.]) oraz przyznanie nieuzasadnionych przywilejów komandytariuszowi (art. 21 ust. 51a u.p.d.o.f.). Na koniec w ramach postulatów de lege ferenda autor rozważa możliwości korekty obowiązującego modelu opodatkowania spółek i ich wspólników. Tekst uzupełnia istotną lukę badawczą w refleksji nad konstytucyjnością i systemowością zmian w opodatkowaniu spółek handlowych w Polsce.W pracy wykorzystano metodą dogmatycznoprawną w celu weryfikacji konstytucyjności przywołanych wyżej regulacji oraz metodą teoretycznoprawną w celu wykazania asystemowości nowego modelu opodatkowania spółek.