bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El verb «semblar» en català antic
Authors: Antolí Martínez Jordi M.
Published: June 2017

Resum: En català actual, els verbs semblar i parèixer són dos verbs quasi sinònims distribuïts territorialment de forma desigual: mentre que el verb parèixer perviu al País Valencià, a les Illes Balears i al català nord-occidental, el verb semblar, a més de conviure amb parèixer als territoris anteriors, ha esdevingut hegemònic al centre-nord del domini lingüístic. Aquesta distribució no és, però, la que trobem en la llengua antiga, en la qual semblar és un verb relativament poc freqüent si el comparem amb parèixer i, a més, la major part dels exemples els constatem en un grup reduït d’obres (especialment dels ss. XIII i XIV). En aquest article volem descriure els usos sintàctics i significats del verb semblar en català antic i explicar la relació que manté amb parèixer. A grans trets, concloem que la diferència que trobem entre tots dos verbs és semàntica i que la convergència que testimoniem en determinades obres pot explicar-se com a influència de l’occità, com a calc en traduccions o com un tret dialectal. Fonamentarem l’estudi en les dades que obtenim del Corpus Informatitzat de la Gramàtica del Català Antic (CIGCA).Mots clau: català antic, llengües gal·loromàniques, llengües iberoromàniques, verb parèixer, verb semblar.
Verbs psicològics catalans: el cas d’«agradar» i «interessar»
Authors: Royo Carles
Published: June 2017

Resum: Les característiques semàntiques de l’experimentador, una entitat animada concebible com un protoagent, permeten que habitualment tingui preeminència sintàctica i semàntica en les oracions amb verbs psicològics catalans, i expliquen la flexibilitat d’aquests predicats per adaptar-se als esquemes conceptuals dels parlants. L’experimentador només perdrà aquesta preeminència quan hagi de «competir» amb un agent prototípic dins l’oració, una construcció agentiva coherent amb un experimentador amb cas acusatiu. Els mecanismes oracionals de preeminència semàntica i sintàctica donen raó del règim habitual amb datiu dels verbs interessar i agradar, com també dels contextos específics en què aquests verbs poden presentar-se en acusatiu, tot i que de forma més forçada en el cas del verb agradar. Paraules clau: acusatiu, agent, agradar, català, datiu, estímul, experimentador, interessar, pacient, protoagent, verb psicològic.
La secularització dels miracles marians en «La vida de la verge Maria» de Miquel Peres
Authors: Arronis Llopis Carme
Published: June 2017

Resum: En aquest treball analitze el conjunt de miracles marians inclosos per Miquel Peres en La vida de la sacratíssima Verge Maria (València, N. Spindeler, 1494). Aquest conjunt de miracles no només destaca per la funcionalitat concreta que adquireixen en l’estructura de l’obra, sinó perquè, a més, aquests mostren unes característiques determinades que els allunyen de les col·leccions de miracula marians, ja que no presenten alguns dels trets més significatius del gènere. Els miracles de Miquel Peres constitueixen una mostra de la transformació i la secularització del gènere, i ens parlen dels nous usos que se’n deriven i dels nous lectors a qui s’adrecen. Paraules clau: miracles marians, literatura mariana, hagiografia, Miquel Peres, vita Mariae.
Maria Pujol, «Josep Vallverdú: entre l’activisme cultural i el talent literari», Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, Barcelona, 2015, 131 pp.
Authors: Vidal Vicent
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre el llibre de Maria Pujol, Josep Vallverdú: entre l’activisme cultural i el talent literari, Publicacions de l’Abadia de Montserrat, Barcelona, 2015, 131 pp.
C. Gassulla d’Ursino, «Poesia festiva». Edició i introducció a cura de Vicent Josep Escartí, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2015, 223 pp.
Authors: Mora i Galbis Ramon
Published: June 2017

Ressenya sobre el llibre de C. Gassulla d’Ursino, Poesia festiva. Edició i introducció a cura de Vicent Josep Escartí, València, Institució Alfons el Magnànim, 2015, 223 pp.
Moro Petit: los trabajos de un picapedrero musulmán en una ciudad militantemente cristiana (Valencia, 1407-1440)
Authors: Montero Tortajada Encarna
Published: June 2017

El artículo analiza la figura de Mahomat Ferriç, sarraceno de Mislata, picapedrero y propietario de canteras que abastece a las principales obras de la ciudad de Valencia durante más de treinta años. Estando los miembros de su confesión religiosa, como se expone también en este estudio, habitualmente relegados a labores menos específicas y peor remuneradas en el campo de la construcción, el caso de Ferriç es del todo excepcional. Los pactos que éste establece con figuras tan relevantes como Martí Lobet, maestro de obras de la Catedral, ponen de manifiesto, además, el interés de los constructores por participar en el negocio del abastecimiento de materiales.
Clave árabe para el Repartiment de Valencia
Authors: Barceló Carme
Published: June 2017

El trabajo muestra como el Repartiment de Valencia oculta bajo letras latinas una serie de nombres de persona, topónimos y otros datos en árabe que, actualmente, están ocultos por efecto de ediciones poco exigentes. Los resultados de una nueva lectura, debidamente trabajados y cotejados con los de otras fuentes, permiten reconocer a un gran número de personajes de la élite social musulmana de Valencia en la primera mitad del siglo XIII y sus propiedades. También es posible ubicar barrios, calles, edificios y otros elementos urbanos, lo que permite ampliar la visión que ahora se tiene de la ciudad islámica.
Cartografía de la Primera Guerra Carlista. Planos del frente del Maestrazgo del capitán Manfredo Fanti (1837-1840)
Authors: Faus Prieto Alfredo , Faus Prieto Alfredo
Published: June 2017

Entre 1833 y 1840 tuvo lugar en España el primer episodio de las Guerras Carlistas. Los últimos enfrentamientos de esta guerra se produjeron en el llamado frente del Maestrazgo o de Aragón y Valencia, que afectaba sobre todo a las tierras del Bajo Aragón, el norte de Castellón y el sur de Cataluña. A este frente se incorporó como voluntario el modenés Manfredo Fanti en 1837, tras haberse formado como ingeniero en Italia y Francia. En ese momento, los cuerpos facultativos encargados del levantamiento y la custodia de la cartografía empleada por el ejército liberal eran su Estado Mayor General y el Real Cuerpo de Ingenieros Militares. La especialización de Fanti en las labores topográficas y cartográficas propias de toda guerra facilitó su rápida adscripción al primero de ellos, donde ejercitaría una labor logística básica que incluía el alzado de mapas y planos. En este artículo se hace una aproximación a la cartografía liberal de esta Primera Guerra Carlista y se analiza, a modo de ejemplo, el contexto militar y profesional en el que Fanti desarrolló su obra cartográfica.
La ciudad universitaria de Valencia. Un lento y continuo proceso de construcción (1908-1969)
Authors: Sánchez Muñoz David
Published: June 2017

A principios del siglo XX se empezó a construir la Ciudad Universitaria de Valencia en los terrenos del paseo de Valencia al Mar, actual avenida de Blasco Ibáñez. Sin embargo, el proceso se dilató durante años, dando como resultado un espacio singular. No existía hasta ahora un estudio exhaustivo de las circunstancias que propiciaron su origen, ni se había abordado con rigor la evolución cronológica de sus edificios. Para ello, ha sido necesario localizar numerosos expedientes, documentos y noticias de todo tipo, lo que ha hecho posible finalmente elaborar una narración cabal de aquello que pasó y de sus artífices
Hospicios y expósitos en Mallorca durante el siglo XVIII (1701-1812)
Authors: Pascual Ramos Eduardo
Published: June 2017

El presente artículo es una aportación al estudio de los hospicios y expósitos en Mallorca durante el siglo XVIII. Con él se pretende dar a conocer las dos principales instituciones que atendieron a los niños abandonados hasta 1812. Por un lado, reconstruimos el funcionamiento de la sala de expósitos del Hospital General. Por otro, la Casa General de Expósitos de Mallorca fundada en 1798 por gracia de Carlos IV e impulso del obispo Bernardo Nadal Crespí. El artículo también incluye un análisis sobre las causas y tipos de abandono y las nodrizas de los expósitos.
Influjos institucionistas: la Institución libre de enseñanza la patrimonialización del paisaje en la pintura valenciana del siglo XIX
Authors: Hernández Perelló Mari Carmen
Published: June 2017

El presente trabajo pretende profundizar en el estudio de la pintura paisajística realizada en la zona valenciana a finales del siglo XIX. Para ello se analiza la influencia ejercida por la Institución Libre de Enseñanza en ciertos artistas que seleccionaban, para representar, lugares cercanos, paisajes que les pertenecían pero a los que ellos también pertenecían.
Inmigración y mayorazgo: frustración de los Montanaro y otros comerciantes del Levante español (Alicante y Cartagena, 1670-1730)
Authors: Montojo Montojo Vicente
Published: June 2017

En este texto se estudia el recurso al mayorazgo por algunos grandes comerciantes del Levante español, como el genovés Juan Bautista Montanaro, de Cartagena, y algunos otros que le precedieron, en el marco de su adopción por inmigrantes. Esta utilización de la vinculación por merced regia, que correspondió en su caso a un proceso de movilidad social ascendente mediante un ennoblecimiento que llegó a la obtención de un título nobiliario, se mostró fugaz y problemática por causa de su condición austracista, lo que impidió la aplicación del mayorazgo hasta cuarenta años después. Se recurre a la comparación con la dificultad de aplicación de otros mayorazgos de comerciantes, aunque en un contexto diferente
El historiador ante la tristeza moderna: las aportaciones de José Deleito y Piñuela a los estudios literarios
Authors: Sáez Martínez Begoña
Published: June 2017

En este artículo se estudian las aportaciones del historiador José Deleito y Piñuela a los estudios literarios sobre el modernismo y la crisis de la modernidad en sus obras: La tristeza de la literatura contemporánea (1911) y El sentimiento de tristeza en la literatura contemporánea (1922). Sus análisis a partir del término tristeza como rasgo fundamental, posición  preferente del espíritu y común denominador de escuelas y géneros, ayudan a revelar algunas de las implicaciones históricas y estéticas de la literatura europea de fines del siglo XIX. A fin de contextualizar su obra y dibujar el clima intelectual y sentimental de la época,  se exploran los valores asignados a la tristeza  por algunos autores y críticos del momento hasta llegar a configurar un indicio de la modernidad
The Effect of Teaching Interlanguage Pragmatics on Interpretation Ability of Iranian Translation Students
Authors: Ravesh Mahnaz Mahmoudi , Heidari Tabrizi Hossein
Published: June 2017

The present study sought to investigate whether Iranian translation students were successful in comprehending interlanguage pragmatic (ILP) features. Moreover, it tried to figure out whether teaching interlanguage pragmatics proved helpful for the improvement of interpretation ability of Iranian translation students. To this end, 30 students of undergraduate translation studying at Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, were chosen to participate in the study. Then, they were divided into two groups of control and experimental. The Oxford Placement Test (OPT) was used to measure the participants’ language proficiency. Then, a Discourse Completion Test was administered to measure the participants’ interlanguage pragmatics. Using the SPSS 20 software, the ANCOVA and t test were run for the data obtained from both the pre-test and the post-test. The results revealed that ILP features are lacking in the university context. Furthermore, it was shown that ILP features were effective for improving Iranian students’ interpretation ability. In this sense, university professors can pay attention to this finding and, where required, they can incorporate ILP features into their courses so as to make attempts to render a more effective learning and teaching environment.
Sprint Interval Training Improves Aerobic and Anaerobic Power in Trained Female Futsal Players
Authors: Beyranvand Fatemeh
Published: June 2017

Background: Various sprint interval training (SIT) programs have been used with athletes from a wide range of sports to evaluate its effects on physiological and performance adaptations. However, information regarding the effect of a short period of SIT on physiological adaptations of trained female futsal players is limited. Objective: This study evaluated the influence of sport specific SIT on anaerobic power and aerobic power in trained female futsal players. Method: Several aspects of V̇O2max and Wingate-based power were measured after SIT program performed for 4 weeks. Following pre-test, 16 trained female futsal players (V̇O2max = 41.21 ± 3.35 ml.kg-1.min-1) were randomized to either an intense exercise training consisting of sets of 5×40 meter maximum sprint efforts interspersed by a 10-second rest between sprints (3,4,5,6 sets/session from 1st to 4th week respectively with 3 minutes of recovery between sets), performed two sessions a week over 4 weeks (n=8) or a usual training control group (n=8). Results: Significant (except as shown) improvements (p < 0.05) after SIT were seen in: V̇O2max (5.8%), vV̇O2max (6%), V̇O2/HR (6.5%), peak power output (PPO) (7.6%), and mean power output (MPO) (14.9%), but no significant change was found in Heart rate at V̇O2max. Also, no significant enhancement in mentioned variables was found in the CON group. Conclusion: Present results indicate 4 weeks of sprint interval training program with low volume is associated with improvements in V̇O2max, vV̇O2max, V̇O2/HR, PPO, and MPO in trained female futsal players.
Dying to Redress the Grievance of Another
Authors: Nemec John
Published: June 2017

In this essay, I examine selected narratives in the Rājataraṅgiṇī that invoke a specific practice of suicide by starvation, what is referred to as prāya, prāyopaveśa, and/or prāyopaveśana. Commonly attested in the legal literature as well as in the epics, prāya is normally deployed there to redress financial grievances, to force debtors to pay their due. The use of the practice in the Rājataraṅgiṇī is often quite different from this, however: Kalhaṇa suggests that Brahmins, and others, engaged in the fast-unto-death not only to redress their own (financial) grievances, but also the grievances of others. In particular, Kalhaṇa presents prāya as a tool used to compel Kashmiri kings to conform to the dharmaśāstric strictures of good government, to promote policies favoring not only Brahmins but also other, non-Brahmin subjects. The existence of such a form of the fast-unto-death is significant, for it signals a potentially unselfish use of caste, however imperfectly and corruptly the Rājataraṅgiṇī shows it to have been applied: by threatening their own deaths and promising thereby the karmic and social consequences of brahminicide, Brahmins sought to compel those sovereigns who pursued their own narrow interests to better serve the common good. That this is so raises a trio of vital concerns regarding (1) the nature of the fast and its modern legacies, and (2) the nature of royal succession, on the one hand, and (3) on the other, the proper role of social and political elites in premodern South Asia.
Reading Medieval Chinese Poetry: Text, Context, and Culture. Edited, with an introduction, by Paul W. Kroll
Authors: Shih Hsiang-Lin
Published: June 2017

Reading Medieval Chinese Poetry: Text, Context, and Culture. Edited, with an introduction, by Paul

W. Kroll. Sinica Leidensia, vol. 117. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. vi + 310. €126, $164.
Passion, Romance, and Qing: The World of Emotions and States of Mind in Peony Pavilion. By Tian Yuan Tan and Paolo Santangelo
Authors: Mackerras Colin
Published: June 2017

Passion, Romance, and Qing: The World of Emotions and States of Mind in Peony Pavilion. By Tian Yuan Tan and Paolo Santangelo. Emotions and States of Mind in East Asia, vol. 4. 3 vols. Leiden: Brill, 2014. Pp. x + 1555. €349, $453.
Color in Ancient and Medieval East Asia. Edited by Mary M. Dusenbury
Authors: Miller Allison
Published: June 2017

Color in Ancient and Medieval East Asia. Edited by Mary M. Dusenbury. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2015. Pp. 285. $65.
Innovations and Turning Points: Toward a History of Kāvya Literature. Edited by Yigal Bronner, David Shulman, and Gray Tubb
Authors: Patel Deven M.
Published: June 2017

Innovations and Turning Points: Toward a History of Kāvya Literature. Edited by Yigal Bronner, David Shulman, and Gray Tubb. South Asia Research. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2014. Pp. xvi + 805. Rs. 1295, $39.95 (cloth).
Well-Mannered Medicine: Medical Ethics and Etiquette in Classical Ayurveda. By Dagmar Wujastyk
Authors: Selby Martha Ann
Published: June 2017

Well-Mannered Medicine: Medical Ethics and Etiquette in Classical Ayurveda. By Dagmar Wujastyk. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012. Pp. vi + 238. $38.95.
History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East. Edited by Philip Wood
Authors: Van Dam Raymond
Published: June 2017

History and Identity in the Late Antique Near East. Edited by Philip Wood. Oxford Studies in Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxoford University Press, 2013. Pp. xxiii + 237, map. $82.
Hethitisch ◦̯uant- und Verwan(d)tes: Untersuchungen zur Vertretung des indogermanischen Possessiv- suffixes *-went- in den anatolischen Sprachen. By Michael Georg Maier
Authors: Melchert H. Craig
Published: June 2017

Hethitisch ◦̯uant- und Verwan(d)tes: Untersuchungen zur Vertretung des indogermanischen Possessiv- suffixes *-went- in den anatolischen Sprachen. By Michael Georg Maier. Dresdner Beiträge zur Hethitologie, vol. 42. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. Pp. xix + 304. €78.
Arrows of the Sun: Armed Forces in Sippar in the First Millennium B.C. By John MacGinnis
Authors: Levavi Yuval
Published: June 2017

The Arrows of the Sun: Armed Forces in Sippar in the First Millennium B.C. By John MacGinnis. Babylonische Archive, vol. 4. Dresden: Islet-Verlag, 2012. Pp. viii + 135, text copies.
Companion to Ancient Egypt. Edited by Alan B. Lloyd
Authors: Eaton Katherine
Published: June 2017

A Companion to Ancient Egypt. Edited by Alan B. Lloyd. Blackwell Companions to the Ancient World. Pp. l + 1276, illus. Malden, Mass.: Wiley Blakwell, 2014. $59.95 (paper).
9. Ägyptologische Tempeltagung: Kultabbildung und Kultrealität. Edited by Horst Beinlich
Authors: Eaton Katherine
Published: June 2017

9. Ägyptologische Tempeltagung: Kultabbildung und Kultrealität. Edited by Horst Beinlich. Königtum, Staat und Gesellschaft Früher Hochkulturen, vol. 3,4. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2013. Pp. 391, illus. €84 (paper).
Le recueil de prophylaxie contre les agressions des animaux venimeux du Musée de Brooklyn: Papyrus Wilbour 47.218.138. By Jean-Clauce Goyon
Authors: Lenzo Giuseppina
Published: June 2017

Le recueil de prophylaxie contre les agressions des animaux venimeux du Musée de Brooklyn: Papyrus Wilbour 47.218.138. By Jean-Clauce Goyon. Studien zur spätägyptischen Religion, vol. 5. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2012. Pp. xi + 192, 18 plts. €78.
Structure and Qurʾanic Interpretation: A Study of Symmetry and Coherence in Islam’s Holy Text. By Raymond Farrin
Authors: Lawson Todd
Published: June 2017

Structure and Qurʾanic Interpretation: A Study of Symmetry and Coherence in Islam’s Holy Text. By Raymond Farrin. Ashland, Ore.: White Cloud Press, 2014. Pp. xvii + 163. $17.95 (paper).
Front Matter
Authors: Editors
Published: June 2017

Front matter
Impact of sea spray on the Yellow and East China Seas thermal structure during the passage of Typhoon Rammasun (2002)
Authors: Zhang Lianxin , Zhang Xuefeng , Chu P. C. , Guan Changlong , Fu Hongli , Chao Guofang , Han Guijun , Li Wei
Published: June 2017

Strong winds lead to large amounts of sea spray in the lowest part of the atmospheric boundary layer. The spray droplets affect the air‐sea heat fluxes due to their evaporation and the momentum due to the change of sea surface, and in turn change the upper ocean thermal structure. In this study, impact of sea spray on upper ocean temperatures in the Yellow and East China Seas (YES) during typhoon Rammasun's passage is investigated using the POMgcs ocean model with a sea spray parameterization scheme, in which the sea spray‐induced heat fluxes are based on an improved Fairall's sea spray heat fluxes algorithm, and the sea spray‐induced momentum fluxes are derived from an improved COARE version 2.6 bulk model. The distribution of the sea spray mediated turbulent fluxes was primarily located at Rammasun eye‐wall region, in accord with the maximal wind speeds regions. When Rammasun enters the Yellow sea, the sea spray mediated latent (sensible) heat flux maximum is enhanced by 26% (13.5%) compared to that of the interfacial latent (sensible) heat flux. The maximum of the total air‐sea momentum fluxes is enhanced by 43% compared to the counterpart of the interfacial momentum flux. Furthermore, the sea spray plays a key role in enhancing the intensity of the typhoon‐induced “cold suction” and “heat pump” processes. When the effect of sea spray is considered, the maximum of the sea surface cooling in the right side of Rammasun's track is increased by 0.5°C, which is closer to the available satellite observations.
Windows in Arctic sea ice: Light transmission and ice algae in a refrozen lead
Authors: Kauko Hanna M. , Taskjelle Torbjørn , Assmy Philipp , Pavlov Alexey K. , Mundy C. J. , Duarte Pedro , Fernández‐Méndez Mar , Olsen Lasse M. , Hudson Stephen R. , Johnsen Geir , Elliott Ashley , Wang Feiyue , Granskog Mats A.
Published: June 2017

The Arctic Ocean is rapidly changing from thicker multiyear to thinner first‐year ice cover, with significant consequences for radiative transfer through the ice pack and light availability for algal growth. A thinner, more dynamic ice cover will possibly result in more frequent leads, covered by newly formed ice with little snow cover. We studied a refrozen lead (≤0.27 m ice) in drifting pack ice north of Svalbard (80.5–81.8°N) in May–June 2015 during the Norwegian young sea ICE expedition (N‐ICE2015). We measured downwelling incident and ice‐transmitted spectral irradiance, and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM), particle absorption, ultraviolet (UV)‐protecting mycosporine‐like amino acids (MAAs), and chlorophyll a (Chl a) in melted sea ice samples. We found occasionally very high MAA concentrations (up to 39 mg m−3, mean 4.5 ± 7.8 mg m−3) and MAA to Chl a ratios (up to 6.3, mean 1.2 ± 1.3). Disagreement in modeled and observed transmittance in the UV range let us conclude that MAA signatures in CDOM absorption spectra may be artifacts due to osmotic shock during ice melting. Although observed PAR (photosynthetically active radiation) transmittance through the thin ice was significantly higher than that of the adjacent thicker ice with deep snow cover, ice algal standing stocks were low (≤2.31 mg Chl a m−2) and similar to the adjacent ice. Ice algal accumulation in the lead was possibly delayed by the low inoculum and the time needed for photoacclimation to the high‐light environment. However, leads are important for phytoplankton growth by acting like windows into the water column.
Detection of diffuse seafloor venting using a structured light laser sensor: 2. Evaluation of detection sensitivity and limitations
Authors: Smart Clara , Roman Chris
Published: June 2017

Algorithms to detect diffuse hydrothermal vent fluids using the structured light laser sensor have proven to be successful. However, potential limitations due to survey parameters, including altitude and vehicle heading, have not been explored and are the focus of this study. Data from 12 surveys conducted over a single hydrothermal vent at three different altitudes (2.7 m, 4.2 m, and 6.2 m) and four different headings are analyzed. Increasing survey altitude decreases the resolution and intensity of the imaged laser line; therefore, range‐dependent processing considerations to maintain detection sensitivity are presented. Analysis of these surveys suggests minimal degradation of vent detection capabilities from survey altitudes up to 6 m. Additionally, as the shape and location of the detected distortion patterns vary with survey heading and altitude they are presented as potential indications of plume shape and rise height. The effects of range and survey heading are important for future applications of this sensor which may include surveying from higher, faster flying autonomous underwater vehicles.
Block motion changes in Japan triggered by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake
Authors: Meade Brendan J. , Loveless John P.
Published: June 2017

Plate motions are governed by equilibrium between basal and edge forces. Great earthquakes may induce differential static stress changes across tectonic plates, enabling a new equilibrium state. Here we consider the torque balance for idealized circular plates and find a simple scalar relationship for changes in relative plate speed as a function of its size, upper mantle viscosity, and coseismic stress changes. Applied to Japan, the 2011
Tohoku earthquake generated coseismic stresses of 102–105 Pa that could have induced changes in motion of small (radius ∼100 km) crustal blocks within Honshu. Analysis of time‐dependent GPS velocities, with corrections for earthquake cycle effects, reveals that plate speeds may have changed by up to ∼3 mm/yr between ∼3.75 year epochs bracketing this earthquake, consistent with an upper mantle viscosity of ∼5 × 1018Pa
s, suggesting that great earthquakes may modulate motions of proximal crustal blocks at frequencies as high as 10−8 Hz.
Tracking Labrador Sea Water property signals along the Deep Western Boundary Current
Authors: Le Bras Isabela Astiz , Yashayaev Igor , Toole John M.
Published: June 2017

Observations of the Deep Western Boundary Current (DWBC) at Line W on the western North Atlantic continental slope southeast of Cape Cod from 1995 to 2014 reveal water mass changes that are consistent with changes in source water properties upstream in the Labrador Sea. This is most evident in the cold, dense, and deep class of Labrador Sea Water (dLSW) that was created and progressively replenished and deepened by recurring winter convection during the severe winters of 1987–1994. The arrival of this record cold, fresh, and low potential vorticity anomaly at Line W lags its formation in the Labrador Sea by 3–7 years. Complementary observations along the path of the DWBC provide further evidence that this anomaly is advected along the boundary and indicate that stirring between the boundary and the interior intensifies south of the Flemish Cap. Finally, the consistency of the data with realistic advective and mixing time scales is assessed using the Waugh and Hall (2005) model framework. The data are found to be best represented by a mean transit time of 5 years from the Labrador Sea to Line W, with a leading order role for both advection by the DWBC and mixing between the boundary flow and interior waters.
A statistical assessment of seismic models of the U.S. continental crust using Bayesian inversion of ambient noise surface wave dispersion data
Authors: Olugboji T. M. , Lekic V. , McDonough W.
Published: June 2017

We present a new approach for evaluating existing crustal models using ambient noise data sets and its associated uncertainties. We use a transdimensional hierarchical Bayesian inversion approach to invert ambient noise surface wave phase dispersion maps for Love and Rayleigh waves using measurements obtained from Ekström (2014). Spatiospectral analysis shows that our results are comparable to a linear least squares inverse approach (except at higher harmonic degrees), but the procedure has additional advantages: (1) it yields an autoadaptive parameterization that follows Earth structure without making restricting assumptions on model resolution (regularization or damping) and data errors; (2) it can recover non‐Gaussian phase velocity probability distributions while quantifying the sources of uncertainties in the data measurements and modeling procedure; and (3) it enables statistical assessments of different crustal models (e.g., CRUST1.0, LITHO1.0, and NACr14) using variable resolution residual and standard deviation maps estimated from the ensemble. These assessments show that in the stable old crust of the Archean, the misfits are statistically negligible, requiring no significant update to crustal models from the ambient noise data set. In other regions of the U.S., significant updates to regionalization and crustal structure are expected especially in the shallow sedimentary basins and the tectonically active regions, where the differences between model predictions and data are statistically significant.
The distribution and composition of high‐velocity lower crust across the continental U.S.: Comparison of seismic and xenolith data and implications for lithospheric dynamics and history
Authors: Schulte‐Pelkum Vera , Mahan Kevin H. , Shen Weisen , Stachnik Josh C.
Published: June 2017

The composition of the continental lower crust is not well known. High seismic wave speeds may indicate mafic or garnet‐bearing material, with implications for emplacement history, evolution, and rheological and dynamic behavior. In this contribution, we use recent seismic results from the EarthScope Transportable Array, compilations of active source studies, and selected xenolith studies to attempt to map the distribution of high‐velocity lower crust across the continental U.S. and assess its relationship to proposed emplacement‐ and destruction‐related mechanisms such as underplating and intraplating, collision, extension, heating, cooling, hydration, and delamination. Thin layers of high‐velocity lower crust related to regional processes are found scattered throughout the continent. Thicker layers in large areas are found in the central and eastern U.S. in areas with thick crust, bounded roughly by the Rocky Mountain Front. Emplacement processes likely originally spanned this boundary, and the difference between the two domains may reflect garnet growth with cooling and aging of continental crust in much of the central and eastern U.S., while crustal thickness and lithospheric temperatures in the western U.S. are unfavorable for growth and maintenance of thick layers of high‐velocity garnet‐bearing lower crust.
Opening of the central Atlantic Ocean: Implications for geometric rifting and asymmetric initial seafloor spreading after continental breakup
Authors: Biari Y. , Klingelhoefer F. , Sahabi M. , Funck T. , Benabdellouahed M. , Schnabel M. , Reichert C. , Gutscher M.‐A. , Bronner A. , Austin J. A.
Published: June 2017

Study of the deep structure of conjugate passive continental margins combined with detailed plate kinematic reconstructions can provide constraints on the mechanisms of rifting and formation of initial oceanic crust. In this study the central Atlantic conjugate margins are compared based on compilation of wide‐angle seismic profiles from NW Africa Nova Scotian and U.S. passive margins. The patterns of volcanism, crustal thickness, geometry, and seismic velocities in the transition zone suggest symmetric rifting followed by asymmetric oceanic crustal accretion. Conjugate profiles in the southern central Atlantic image differences in the continental crustal thickness. While profiles on the eastern U.S. margin are characterized by thick layers of magmatic underplating, no such underplate was imaged along the African continental margin. In the north, two wide‐angle seismic profiles acquired in exactly conjugate positions show that the crustal geometry of the unthinned continental crust and the necking zone are nearly symmetric. A region including seismic velocities too high to be explained by either continental or oceanic crust is imaged along the Canadian side, corresponding on the African side to an oceanic crust with slightly elevated velocities. These might result from asymmetric spreading creating seafloor by faulting the existing lithosphere on the Canadian side and the emplacement of magmatic oceanic crust including pockets of serpentinite on the Moroccan margin. After isochron M25, a large‐scale plate reorganization might then have led to an increase in spreading velocity and the production of thin magmatic crust on both sides.
Effect of sampling time in the laboratory investigation of braided rivers
Authors: Vesipa R. , Camporeale C. , Ridolfi L.
Published: June 2017

We focus on the measurement of the bed‐elevation of braided networks in flume experiments. In particular, the effect of the survey frequency on the measurement accuracy is studied. To this aim, an innovative measurement system is adopted. It consists of a laser‐ultrasonic sensor and can survey the bed‐elevation under flowing water. This measurement system was used to profile a flume transect with a frequency of 4 min, without stopping the water discharge. By this technique, the topography of a single transect was continuously acquired during the evolution of a braided river model. Twelve braided rivers generated with different experimental conditions were studied. The main results are (i) there exists a threshold survey frequency (4–8 min in our analysis) which guarantees that the morphological evolution of the braiding channels is fully measured; (ii) if this threshold frequency of survey is exceeded, significant errors occur in the balance of the eroded/deposited sediments and in the evaluation of the bed‐elevation dynamics; and (iii) these errors depend on the river stream power.
High‐frequency dissolved organic carbon and nitrate measurements reveal differences in storm hysteresis and loading in relation to land cover and seasonality
Authors: Vaughan M. C. H. , Bowden W. B. , Shanley J. B. , Vermilyea A. , Sleeper R. , Gold A. J. , Pradhanang S. M. , Inamdar S. P. , Levia D. F. , Andres A. S. , Birgand F. , Schroth A. W.
Published: June 2017

Storm events dominate riverine loads of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrate and are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in many regions due to climate change. We deployed three high‐frequency (15 min) in situ absorbance spectrophotometers to monitor DOC and nitrate concentration for 126 storms in three watersheds with agricultural, urban, and forested land use/land cover. We examined intrastorm hysteresis and the influences of seasonality, storm size, and dominant land use/land cover on storm DOC and nitrate loads. DOC hysteresis was generally anticlockwise at all sites, indicating distal and plentiful sources for all three streams despite varied DOC character and sources. Nitrate hysteresis was generally clockwise for urban and forested sites, but anticlockwise for the agricultural site, indicating an exhaustible, proximal source of nitrate in the urban and forested sites, and more distal and plentiful sources of nitrate in the agricultural site. The agricultural site had significantly higher storm nitrate yield per water yield and higher storm DOC yield per water yield than the urban or forested sites. Seasonal effects were important for storm nitrate yield in all three watersheds and farm management practices likely caused complex interactions with seasonality at the agricultural site. Hysteresis indices did not improve predictions of storm nitrate yields at any site. We discuss key lessons from using high‐frequency in situ optical sensors.
Investigating water use over the Choptank River Watershed using a multisatellite data fusion approach
Authors: Sun Liang , Anderson Martha C. , Gao Feng , Hain Christopher , Alfieri Joseph G. , Sharifi Amirreza , McCarty Gregory W. , Yang Yun , Yang Yang , Kustas William P. , McKee Lynn
Published: June 2017

The health of the Chesapeake Bay ecosystem has been declining for several decades due to high levels of nutrients and sediments largely tied to agricultural production systems. Therefore, monitoring of agricultural water use and hydrologic connections between crop lands and Bay tributaries has received increasing attention. Remote sensing retrievals of actual evapotranspiration (ET) can provide valuable information in support of these hydrologic modeling efforts, spatially and temporally describing consumptive water use by crops and natural vegetation and quantifying response to expansion of irrigated area occurring with Bay watershed. In this study, a multisensor satellite data fusion methodology, combined with a multiscale ET retrieval algorithm, was applied over the Choptank River watershed located within the Lower Chesapeake Bay region on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, USA to produce daily 30 m resolution ET maps. ET estimates directly retrieved on Landsat satellite overpass dates have high accuracy with relative error (RE) of 9%, as evaluated using flux tower measurements. The fused daily ET time series have reasonable errors of 18% at the daily time step ‐ an improvement from 27% errors using standard Landsat‐only interpolation techniques. Annual water consumption by different land cover types was assessed, showing reasonable distributions of water use with cover class. Seasonal patterns in modeled crop transpiration and soil evaporation for dominant crop types were analyzed, and agree well with crop phenology at field scale. Additionally, effects of irrigation occurring during a period of rainfall shortage were captured by the fusion program. These results suggest that the ET fusion system will have utility for water management at field and regional scales over the Eastern Shore. Further efforts are underway to integrate these detailed water use data sets into watershed‐scale hydrologic models to improve assessments of water quality and inform best management practices to reduce nutrient and sediment loads to the Chesapeake Bay.
Child and adolescent risk factors that differentially predict violent versus nonviolent crime
Authors: Kalvin Carla B. , Bierman Karen L.
Published: June 2017

While most research on the development of antisocial and criminal behavior has considered nonviolent and violent crime together, some evidence points to differential risk factors for these separate types of crime. The present study explored differential risk for nonviolent and violent crime by investigating the longitudinal associations between three key child risk factors (aggression, emotion dysregulation, and social isolation) and two key adolescent risk factors (parent detachment and deviant peer affiliation) predicting violent and nonviolent crime outcomes in early adulthood. Data on 754 participants (46% African American, 50% European American, 4% other; 58% male) oversampled for aggressive‐disruptive behavior were collected across three time points. Parents and teachers rated aggression, emotion dysregulation, and social isolation in fifth grade (middle childhood, age 10–11); parents and youth rated parent detachment and deviant peer affiliation in seventh and eighth grade (early adolescence, age 12–14) and arrest data were collected when participants were 22–23 years old (early adulthood). Different pathways to violent and nonviolent crime emerged. The severity of child dysfunction in late childhood, including aggression, emotion dysregulation, and social isolation, was a powerful and direct predictor of violent crime. Although child dysfunction also predicted nonviolent crime, the direct pathway accounted for half as much variance as the direct pathway to violent crime. Significant indirect pathways through adolescent socialization experiences (peer deviancy) emerged for nonviolent crime, but not for violent crime, suggesting adolescent socialization plays a more distinctive role in predicting nonviolent than violent crime. The clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Efficient Flexible Solar Cell based on Composition‐Tailored Hybrid Perovskite
Authors: Bi Cheng , Chen Bo , Wei Haotong , DeLuca Stephan , Huang Jinsong
Published: June 2017

Organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) are new photoactive layer candidates for lightweight and flexible solar cells due to their low‐temperature process capability; however, the reported efficiency of flexible OIHP devices is far behind those achieved on rigid glass substrates. Here, it is revealed that the limiting factor is the different perovskite film deposition conditions required to form the same film morphology on flexible substrates. An optimized perovskite film composition needs a different precursor ratio, which is found to be essential for the formation of high‐quality perovskite films with longer radiative carrier recombination lifetime, smaller density of trap states, reduced precursor residue, and uniform and pin‐hole free films. A record efficiency of 18.1% is achieved for the flexible perovskite solar‐cell devices made on an indium tin oxide/poly(ethylene terephthalate) substrate via a low temperature (≤100 °C) solution process.
A Silicon Nanowire as a Spectrally Tunable Light‐Driven Nanomotor
Authors: Wang Jizhuang , Xiong Ze , Zhan Xiaojun , Dai Baohu , Zheng Jing , Liu Jun , Tang Jinyao
Published: June 2017

Over the last decades, scientists have endeavored to develop nanoscopic machines and envisioned that these tiny machines could be exploited in biomedical applications and novel material fabrication. Here, a visible‐/near‐infrared light‐driven nanomotor based on a single silicon nanowire is reported. The silicon nanomotor harvests energy from light and propels itself by the self‐electrophoresis mechanism. Due to the high efficiency, the silicon nanowire can be readily driven by visible and near‐infrared illumination at ultralow light intensity (≈3 mW cm−2). The experimental study and numerical simulation also show that the detailed structure around the concentrated reaction center determines the migration behavior of the nanomotor. Importantly, due to the optical resonance inside the silicon nanowire, the spectral response of the nanowire‐based nanomotor can be readily modulated by the nanowire's diameter. Compared to other methods, light controlling potentially offers more freedom and flexibility, as light can be modulated not only with its intensity and direction, but also with the frequency and polarities. This nanowire motor demonstrates a step forward to harness the advantages of light, which opens up new opportunities for the realization of many novel functions such as multiple channels communication to nanorobots and controllable self‐assembly.
Plasmonic Chiral Nanostructures: Chiroptical Effects and Applications
Authors: Luo Yang , Chi Cheng , Jiang Meiling , Li Ruipeng , Zu Shuai , Li Yu , Fang Zheyu
Published: June 2017

The plasmonic chiroptical effect has been used to manipulate chiral states of light, where the strong field enhancement and light localization in metallic nanostructures can amplify the chiroptical response. Moreover, in metamaterials, the chiroptical effect leads to circular dichroism (CD), circular birefringence (CB), and asymmetric transmission. Potential applications enabled by chiral plasmonics have been realized in various areas of nanoscience and nanotechnology. In this review, both basic theories and state‐of‐the‐art studies on plasmonic chiroptical effects are summarized. Molecular chiroptical effects are drastically enhanced by metallic nanostructures that can generate a “superchiral” field, which arises from the strong electromagnetic interactions. Both intrinsic and extrinsic plasmonic chiral metamaterials formed by the periodic arrangement of metallic nanostructured units show high levels of CB, CD, and asymmetric transmission. Consequent applications including photo detection, molecular sensing, and chirality tuning are discussed, and a perspective of emerging concepts such as Pancharatnam−Berry (PB) phase in this booming research field is presented.
Unique Structural Design and Strategies for Germanium‐Based Anode Materials Toward Enhanced Lithium Storage
Authors: Li Dan , Wang Hongqiang , Zhou Tengfei , Zhang Wenchao , Liu Hua Kun , Guo Zaiping
Published: June 2017

Germanium‐based materials are arousing increasing interest as anodes for lithium‐ion batteries, stemming from the intrinsic physical and chemical advantages of germanium. This progress report provides a brief review on the current development of germanium‐based materials in lithium storage. The state‐of‐the‐art strategies to achieve enhanced electrochemical properties are highlighted, with their main aim being to resolve the trickiest issue: vast volume changes in germanium during cycling. These strategies include structural modification, modification by surface coating, forming germanium‐based alloys, and forming binary or ternary germanium‐based composites. The recent work on a novel composite of germanium and tin particles encapsulated in double‐concentric carbon hollow spheres is also presented here, with an emphasis on the relationship between structural design and improved performance.
A Self‐Powered Dynamic Displacement Monitoring System Based on Triboelectric Accelerometer
Authors: Yu Hua , He Xu , Ding Wenbo , Hu Yongshan , Yang Dongchen , Lu Shan , Wu Changsheng , Zou Haiyang , Liu Ruiyuan , Lu Canhui , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: June 2017

An integrated self‐powered dynamic displacement monitoring system by utilizing a novel triboelectric accelerometer for structural health monitoring is proposed and implemented in this study, which can show the dynamic displacement and transmit the alarming signal by accurately sensing the vibration acceleration. The fabricated triboelectric accelerometer based on the noncontact freestanding triboelectric nanogenerator consists of an outer transparent sleeve tube and an inner cylindrical inertial mass that is suspended by a highly stretchable silicone fiber. One pair of copper film electrodes is deposited by physical vapor deposition on nylon film and adhered on the inner wall of the outer tube, while a fluorinated ethylene propylene film with nanowire structures is adhered on the surface of the inner cylindrical inertial mass. The experimental results show that proposed triboelectric accelerometer can accurately sense the vibration acceleration with a high sensitivity of 0.391 V s2 m−1. In particular, the developed accelerometer has superior performance within the low‐frequency range. One of the most striking features is that the commercial accelerometer using piezoelectric material is strongly dominated by high‐order harmonics, which can cause confusion in computer data analysis. In contrast, the triboelectric accelerometer is only dominated by the base resonance mode.
Breathable Carbon‐Free Electrode: Black TiO2 with Hierarchically Ordered Porous Structure for Stable Li–O2 Battery
Authors: Kang Joonhyeon , Kim Jinyoung , Lee Sangheon , Wi Sungun , Kim Chunjoong , Hyun Seungmin , Nam Seunghoon , Park Yongjoon , Park Byungwoo
Published: June 2017

This paper introduces oxygen‐deficient black TiO2 with hierarchically ordered porous structure fabricated by a simple hydrogen reduction as a carbon‐ and binder‐free cathode, demonstrating superior energy density and stability. With the high electrical conductivity derived from oxygen vacancies or Ti3+ ions, this unique electrode features micrometer‐sized voids with mesoporous walls for the effective accommodation of Li2O2 toroid and for the rapid transport of reaction molecules without the electrode being clogged. In the highly ordered architecture, toroidal Li2O2 particles are guided to form with a regular size and separation, which induces the most of Li2O2 external surface to be directly exposed to the electrolyte. Therefore, large Li2O2 toroids (≈300 nm) grown from solution can be effectively charged by incorporating a soluble catalyst, resulting in a very small polarization (≈0.37 V). Furthermore, disordered nanoshell in black TiO2 is suggested to protect the oxygen‐deficient crystalline core, by which oxidation of Ti3+ is kinetically impeded during battery operation, leading to the enhanced electrode stability even in a highly oxidizing environment under high voltage (≈4 V).