bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Proteomics Approach of Rapamycin Anti-Tumoral Effect on Primary and Metastatic Canine Mammary Tumor Cells In Vitro
Authors: Lainetti Patrícia F. , Leis-Filho Antonio F. , Kobayashi Priscila E. , de Camargo Laíza S. , Laufer-Amorim Renee , Fonseca-Alves Carlos E. , Souza Fabiana F.
Published: February 2021

Rapamycin is an antifungal drug with antitumor activity and acts inhibiting the mTOR complex. Due to drug antitumor potential, the aim of this study was to evaluate its effect on a preclinical model of primary mammary gland tumors and their metastases from female dogs. Four cell lines from our cell bank, two from primary canine mammary tumors (UNESP-CM1, UNESP-CM60) and two metastases (UNESP-MM1, and UNESP-MM4) were cultured in vitro and investigated for rapamycin IC50. Then, cell lines were treated with rapamycin IC50 dose and mRNA and protein were extracted in treated and non-treated cells to perform AKT, mTOR, PTEN and 4EBP1 gene expression and global proteomics by mass spectrometry. MTT assay demonstrated rapamycin IC50 dose for all different tumor cells between 2 and 10 μM. RT-qPCR from cultured cells, control versus treated group and primary tumor cells versus metastatic tumor cells, did not shown statistical differences. In proteomics were found 273 proteins in all groups, and after data normalization 49 and 92 proteins were used for statistical analysis for comparisons between control versus rapamycin treatment groups, and metastasis versus primary tumor versus metastasis rapamycin versus primary tumor rapamycin, respectively. Considering the two statistical analysis, four proteins, phosphoglycerate mutase, malate dehydrogenase, l-lactate dehydrogenase and nucleolin were found in decreased abundance in the rapamycin group and they are related with cellular metabolic processes and enhanced tumor malignant behavior. Two proteins, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase and superoxide dismutase, also related with metabolic processes, were found in higher abundance in rapamycin group and are associated with apoptosis. The results suggested that rapamycin was able to inhibit cell growth of mammary gland tumor and metastatic tumors cells in vitro, however, concentrations needed to reach the IC50 were higher when compared to other studies.
Ultrasound-Assisted Synthesis of 4-Alkoxy-2-methylquinolines: An Efficient Method toward Antitubercular Drug Candidates
Authors: Borsoi Ana Flávia , Paz Josiane Delgado , Pissinate Kenia , Rambo Raoní Scheibler , Pestana Víctor Zajaczkowski , Bizarro Cristiano Valim , Basso Luiz Augusto , Machado Pablo
Published: February 2021

Tuberculosis (TB) has been described as a global health crisis since the second half of the 1990s. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiologic agent of TB in humans, is a very successful pathogen, being the main cause of death in the population among infectious agents. In 2019, it was estimated that around 10 million individuals were contaminated by this bacillus and about 1.2 million succumbed to the disease. In recent years, our research group has reported the design and synthesis of quinoline derivatives as drug candidates for the treatment of TB. These compounds have demonstrated potent and selective growth inhibition of drug-susceptible and drug-resistant Mtb strains. Herein, a new synthetic approach was established providing efficient and rapid access (15 min) to a series of 4-alkoxy-6-methoxy-2-methylquinolines using ultrasound energy. The new synthetic protocol provides a simple procedure utilizing an open vessel system that affords the target products at satisfactory yields (45–84%) and elevated purities (≥95%). The methodology allows the evaluation of a larger number of molecules in assays against the bacillus, facilitating the determination of the structure–activity relationship with a reduced environmental cost.
Polymeric Micelles in Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Wan Zhuoya , Zheng Ruohui , Moharil Pearl , Liu Yuzhe , Chen Jing , Sun Runzi , Song Xu , Ao Qiang
Published: February 2021

Cancer immunotherapies have generated some miracles in the clinic by orchestrating our immune system to combat cancer cells. However, the safety and efficacy concerns of the systemic delivery of these immunostimulatory agents has limited their application. Nanomedicine-based delivery strategies (e.g., liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, silico, etc.) play an essential role in improving cancer immunotherapies, either by enhancing the anti-tumor immune response, or reducing their systemic adverse effects. The versatility of working with biocompatible polymers helps these polymeric nanoparticles stand out as a key carrier to improve bioavailability and achieve specific delivery at the site of action. This review provides a summary of the latest advancements in the use of polymeric micelles for cancer immunotherapy, including their application in delivering immunological checkpoint inhibitors, immunostimulatory molecules, engineered T cells, and cancer vaccines.
Compact NMR Spectroscopy for Low-Cost Identification and Quantification of PVC Plasticizers
Authors: Duchowny Anton , Adams Alina
Published: February 2021

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC), one of the most important polymer materials nowadays, has a large variety of formulations through the addition of various plasticizers to meet the property requirements of the different fields of applications. Routine analytical methods able to identify plasticizers and quantify their amount inside a PVC product with a high analysis throughput would promote an improved understanding of their impact on the macroscopic properties and the possible health and environmental risks associated with plasticizer leaching. In this context, a new approach to identify and quantify plasticizers employed in PVC commodities using low-field NMR spectroscopy and an appropriate non-deuterated solvent is introduced. The proposed method allows a low-cost, fast, and simple identification of the different plasticizers, even in the presence of a strong solvent signal. Plasticizer concentrations below 2 mg mL−1 in solution corresponding to 3 wt% in a PVC product can be quantified in just 1 min. The reliability of the proposed method is tested by comparison with results obtained under the same experimental conditions but using deuterated solvents. Additionally, the type and content of plasticizer in plasticized PVC samples were determined following an extraction procedure. Furthermore, possible ways to further decrease the quantification limit are discussed.
Somatic Embryogenesis in Olive
Authors: Sánchez-Romero Carolina
Published: February 2021

The olive is a fruit tree species economically very important in countries of the Mediterranean basin. Somatic embryogenesis is a powerful in vitro technique with multiple uses in different fields, including breeding programs performed by both classical and innovative procedures. Thus, somatic embryogenesis enables the application of biotechnological methods such as genetic transformation, somaclonal variation, somatic hybridization, germplasm cryopreservation, in vitro mutagenesis or in vitro selection. This editorial paper presents a special issue focused on “Somatic embryogenesis in olive”. In this manuscript, the conceptual framework of the special issue is established and the contributions are summarized and put into context. Finally, the main bottlenecks limiting the practical applicability of somatic embryogenesis in this species are identified and the future research prospects are discussed.
Morphology and Crystallinity of Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives with Different Molar Ratios
Authors: Li Ji , Zhang Yifu
Published: February 2021

Using formaldehyde and urea as raw materials, a stable urea–formaldehyde resin (UF) is synthesized by the “alkali-acid-alkali” method. Unlike most thermosetting resins, UF often shows the appearance of crystal domains. In order to understand the relationship between the crystal and morphology of UF resin, analysis was carried out with the help of polarizing microscopy (POM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The changes of two kinds of UF resins with molar ratios (F/U) of 1.4 and 1.0 before and after curing and under the influence of different curing agents and additives were studied. SEM results showed that the UF resins with low F/U (1.0) show spherical or flat structures before and after curing, and the diameter of the spherical structure increases with the increase of the content of curing agent, while in the UF resin with high F/U (1.4) it is difficult to observe the above phenomenon. At the same time, the possible accumulation mode of UF colloidal particles in the process of aggregation is explained, and the curing agent obviously promotes the development of the crystal structure, which may be the reason for the emergence of a large number of spherical particles. XRD results showed that the resin with low F/U has higher crystallinity than the resin with high F/U, indicating that the former shows more crystallization regions, while the latter shows more amorphous structure, and the crystallinity increases with the increase of the curing agent content, but the position of the crystallization peak does not change with the type of curing agent and the amount of curing agent. Observation of the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern obtained by TEM shows that the cured low F/U (1.0) resin has a polycrystalline structure and a body-centered cubic unit cell. FT-IR results showed that the linear segment, branched structure, hydroxymethyl and methylene structure changes in UF affect the formation of crystal structure. This study also shows the possible contribution of hydroxymethylated species to the formation of crystals.
ANALISIS POSTUR KERJA PEGAWAI PADA LINE PACKING REFRIGERATOR DENGAN METODE RAPID UPPER LIMB ASSESSMENT (RULA) DI PT. XYZ
Authors: Tungga Riananda Dwismara , Herwanto Dene , Nugraha Billy
Published: February 2021

Aktivitas kerja secara manual berisiko terjadinya gangguan musculoskeletal disorders. Aktivitas pemindahan bahan secara manual (manual material handling), meliputi aktivitas menurunkan, mengangkat, menarik dan membawa adalah penyebab keluhan pekerja. Kondisi sikap kerja di PT. XYZ pada bagian packing yang bertugas mengambil kardus refrigerator, masih berisiko dilakukan. Sikap postur pegawai dengan membungkuk, berdiri dengan tangan terentang ke atas dan berdiri dengan tangan terentang ke atas. Tujuan penelitian ini memberikan usulan perbaikan sikap kerja dengan membuat alat bantu pada postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rapid upper limb assessment (RULA). Berdasarkan hasil pengolahan data dapat disimpulkan bahwa postur kerja berdiri pada elemen kegiatan pengangkatan kardus mendapatkan grand score sebesar 4. Artinya berada pada level risiko sedang dan perbaikkan dapat dilakukan jika diperlukan. Postur kerja berjalan dengan tangan membawa kardus memiliki grand score sebesar 7. Artinya berada pada level risiko tinggi dan harus segera dilakukan perbaikan. Untuk mengurangi postur kerja yang tidak ergonomis. Maka dibuat sebuah rancangan alat bantu berupa troli bersekat.
As gravuras da Guerra da Tríplice Aliança
Authors: Da Cunha Álvaro Saluan
Published: February 2021

A imprensa ilustrada durante o período beligerante conhecido como a Guerra da Tríplice Aliança foi de suma importância na consolidação das gravuras no imaginário popular, algo trabalhado desde as pinturas históricas. Sendo assim, esse artigo busca apresentar, de forma breve, alguns aspectos observados na coleção de gravuras e textos intitulada Quadros historicos da guerra do Paraguay e nas imagens circuladas em periódicos como a Semana Illustrada e A Vida Fluminense, que foram úteis não só para informar a população da Corte, mas também para a consolidação da memória e do imaginário popular sobre o conflito e, além disso, na busca de uma possível formação de uma identidade nacional.
Tancredo em Charges
Authors: Donato Ferreira Fábio
Published: February 2021

presente artigo visa analisar charges publicadas de um conjunto de periódicos durante o período de transição da ditadura civil-militar no Brasil, selecionando periódicos da chamada grande imprensa. Os periódicos escolhidos foram os jornais Folha de S.Paulo e o Jornal do Brasil, já a Revista Veja, foi escolhida por abranger mais o território nacional, saindo do eixo Rio-São Paulo. Foram selecionadas charges que representam o presidente escolhido pelo Colégio Eleitoral no ano de sua pose até o seu falecimento no mesmo ano.
Eu prefiro andar sozinho
Authors: Santos Leandro Martan Bezerra
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo, a partir da análise das composições do cantor Belchior, pretende refletir sobre as disputas por poder, narrativa, espaço e proeminência no campo musical brasileiro. Terão ênfase neste trabalho os pontos de convergência e divergência entre Belchior e os grupos de artistas conhecidos como Tropicália e Pessoal do Ceará, além de sua relação com a própria indústria musical, destacando, ainda, as estratégias empregadas pelo compositor cearense para lograr êxito em sua incursão musical como integrante da Música Popular Brasileira.
As Imagens como tomadas de posição
Authors: Figueiredo de Souza Justen Janine
Published: February 2021

Propõe-se, aqui, investigar as relações editoriais, ideológicas e estilísticas estabelecidas entre as imagens publicadas n’O Malho e seus produtores no contexto do “Bota-Abaixo” (1902-1906). Defende-se a sobreposição das disputas políticas às estéticas que, através da mobilização do “gosto” ou do “belo”, impunham ideais específicos de “civilização” e “progresso” ao projeto urbano da cidade do Rio de Janeiro na Primeira República. Dispõe-se de 682 imagens e da análise de trajetória de 45 agentes, dentre proprietários, dirigentes e colaboradores da revista, localizados a partir de suas assinaturas nos desenhos coletados. Os resultados apontam para uma vinculação profunda entre os campos da arte, da intelectualidade e da política, para além de um reposicionamento da revista no espaço da imprensa da época: de um jornalismo “de combate” às práticas de manutenção do status de dominação.
The expression of modality in Shangaci
Authors: Devos Maud
Published: February 2021

Shangaci is a Bantu language spoken in Mozambique by an ever-decreasing number of speakers. Like nearby Koti (Schadeberg and Mucanheia 2000) it is a Makhuwa variant that has been influenced by Swahili. The main part of this paper is dedicated to a description of the ways in which modality is expressed following the definition of modality as formulated by van der Auwera and Plungian (1998). The degree of formal homogenity of the modal system in Shangaci is discussed and special attention is paid to modal markers with multiple meanings. The relevance of van der Auwera and Plungian''s definition of modality for Shangaci is questioned.
Love as the Phenomenal Power in Madeline Miller’s The Song of Achilles
Authors: Tharanya N , Sumathi R
Published: February 2021

Love is a phenomenal force that activates almost all the living beings in the planet earth. Lover is colour blind, race blind as well as gender blind. Robert Sternberg developed the Triangular theory of love to show the components in which it is composed of. The theory is applied to same sex love couple Achilles and Patroclus in Madeline Miller’s The Song of Achilles. This paper shows that the love between Achilles and Patroclus is beyond gender and they comprises Sternberg’s all three- passion, intimacy and commitment until their death.
Re-Emergence of Coldness in Black’s “The Coldest Girl in Coldtown”
Authors: Deekshitha GS , Sakthivel S
Published: February 2021

The vampire culture transformed from providing frighten and terrific happenings with hardly romance to solely sexuality and Romance. The concept get reverted through Holly Black’s “The coldest Girl in the Coldestown”. He brought threatening in characterizing the blood sucking creature without giving importance to the fanciful substances. He focused on re-emergence of the coldness by portraying the real vampirism which was lacked in recent decades’ literature works. In this book, the people both get attracted and terrified by the vampire.
Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) Can it Replace Notes and Coins in India
Authors: Meena Kumari J
Published: February 2021

In golden old days when notes and coins were still to become medium of exchange, barter system was prevalent. With the growth of economies and trade relationship amongst countries, notes and coins emerged as means of exchange with global acceptability of currency unit of some countries like USD in foreign trade. Major disruption in the present system of use of currencies in settlement of goods and services is glaring in the form of digital currencies, popularly known as Crypto CurrencieslikeBitcoin. In this paper, effort has been made to understand need of Digital Currency from Central Banks (CBDC). The paper is an attempt to explain possibility of CBDC as replacement of actual currency and its advantages and disadvantages for India.In India, cryptocurrency was illegal either as means of exchange or as commodity for storage. After Hon’ble Supreme Court’s judgement on the issue, RBI has to explore possibility of usage of cryptocurrencies. A Bill is proposed on the subject in this session of Parliament. Challenges in introduction of CBDC in India, risk associated with CBDC and likely architecture of CBDC has been discussed in the paper. The paper provides idea aboutefforts in introduction of cryptocurrencies around the world so far.Further,the paper explores possibility of Financial Inclusion through CBDC and likely challenges for Central Banks on Monetary Policy front. The paper also explores possibility to make CBDC unique instrument for peer to peer offline transactions without mobile or internet connectivity.
An Examination of the Role of Spiritual Leadership and Servant Leadership on Knowledge Creation
Authors: Suresh Preetha , Ramesh Kumar M
Published: February 2021

The business environment is in a constant state of flux characterised by increased competition, uncertainty and restructuring to incorporate more effective work models to sustain growth. Organizations are required to leverage employee knowledge and capabilities to ensure sustained competitive advantage. In this process, leaders are required to be the facilitators of knowledge creation and transmission within the organization. Knowledge creation and management is relevant for the workers themselves and for the organizations. In this sense, this paper aims to discuss the role and effectiveness of spiritual and servant leadership in knowledge creation in organizations. This study also views knowledge creation and management as the dynamic set of activities undertaken by organizations to optimally use the knowledge within the boundaries of the organization. These processes are further linked to complex human involvement and interactions. The relevance of altering leadership dimensions in reaction to paradigm shifts in business processes and workforce management becomes an important study to be undertaken. In this context, the researchers have conducted primary research to explore the relationship between leadership styles and knowledge creation in the organizations. The study looks at both spiritual and service leadership and their influence on knowledge creation strategies in organizations. On the basis of their study the researchers have proposed a model to explore the effectiveness of spiritual and servant leadership styles on knowledge creation at the individual level. It was found from the study result that, only spiritual leadership was found to be effective creation of knowledge among the employees.
Para una arqueología del dispositivo escolar
Authors: Chiurazzi Teresa
Published: February 2021

A partir del recorrido histórico en el cual se definieron las características y dimensiones del dispositivo escolar entre los siglos XIX y XX se propone una serie de ejemplos para verificar el modo en que esas definiciones inciden en la experiencia del habitar. Para ello se apela a casos de la arquitectura en general y de la destinada a lo escolar en particular.El artículo intenta establecer las relaciones entre el tiempo de vida (y sobrevida) de los edificios, de las normas (su emisión y su vigencia) y de las acciones (en el sentido de lo común: lo institucional, lo pedagógico, lo educativo, lo social, lo colectivo). Asimismo, propone como hipótesis que las dificultades mayores para pensar otro modo de habitar la escuela se originan en las normas y en las acciones más que en la contundencia del dispositivo material (los edificios y sus áreas exteriores) que ha demostrado a lo largo de la historia una notable capacidad de adecuación. Y para finalizar, define la tarea de revisar las normas y multiplicar los modos de alojar las acciones con dos objetivos de incidencia arquitectónica: recuperar el parque escolar (longevo y reciente) y, en la coyuntura de la pandemia, volver a habitar la escuela.
WALORY KRAJOBRAZOWE W ZAGOSPODAROWANIU TERENÓW PRZYSZKOLNYCH – PODSTAWOWE ASPEKTY PROJEKTOWE
Authors: Kruszko Agnieszka
Published: February 2021

Tereny przyszkolne pełnią istotną rolę w rozwoju młodego człowieka. Powinny więc stanowię atrakcyjne zrównowaęone środowisko – wspierające fizyczny, socjalny i edukacyjny rozwój uczniów. Krajobraz przyszkolny stanowi również cenną przestrzeń użytkową nie tylko dla szkoły, lecz również dla lokalnej społeczności. Aby krajobraz szkolny mógł był optymalnie wykorzystany i zintegrowany z budynkiem szkolnym, należy wnikliwie rozważyć szereg czynników i ważnych elementów na etapie wstępnego projektu. Należy uwzględnić potrzeby rozwojowe użytkowników, warunki środowiskowe i wiele innych czynników.
MIEJSCE I ROLA CMENTARZY W BUDOWANIU KRAJOBRAZU SAKRALNEGO WSI, NA PRZYKŁADZIE BIESZCZADÓW I WARMII
Authors: Długozima Anna
Published: February 2021

Artykuł ma na celu zaprezentować wyniki uzyskane w czasie badań 58 wsi bieszczadzkich i warmińskich z cmentarzami. Badano miejsce i rolę miejsc pochówku w budowaniu krajobrazu sakralnego. Analizowano archetypy sacrum oraz elementy je budujące, relacje przestrzenne i symboliczne świątynia – cmentarz. Dzięki zestawieniu danych dla dwóch okresów – międzywojennego i współczesności – wskazano przemiany w zakresie konstruowania sacrum. Wygenerowano także najpowszechniej występujące w przebadanych wsiach typy kompozycji sakralnych.
PLANOWANIE I OCHRONA KRAJOBRAZU NOCNEGO – PARKI CIEMNEGO NIEBA
Authors: Szwed Joanna
Published: February 2021

Obecnie na świecie istnieje kilkanaście parków i rezerwatów ciemnego nieba. Znajdują się one głównie w Ameryce Północnej i Europie. Już samo istnienie takich rezerwatów świadczy o tym, że do zagrożonych elementów środowiska naturalnego dołączyła ciemność. Element bardzo ważny, ale nie tak oczywisty dla ogółu społeczeństwa. Ochrona ciemności coraz częściej włączana jest do istniejących obszarów ochrony przyrody, na przykład parków narodowych. W Polsce pierwszy park ciemnego nieba powstał w 2009 r. w województwie dolnośląskim. Izerski Park Ciemnego Nieba (IPCN) zajmuje powierzchniĊ prawie 75 km2 , po polskiej i czeskiej stronie Gór Izerskich. Jest pierwszym na świecie transgranicznym parkiem ciemności, który powstał w ramach Międzynarodowego Roku Astronomii w 2009 r. Celem utworzenia parku było przede wszystkim propagowanie ochrony naturalnego krajobrazu od nadmiaru światła sztucznego, jak równieĪ wskazanie racjonalnych sposobów minimalizowania zanieczyszczenia światłem.
MOTYW MOTYLA W DEKORACJACH NAGROBNYCH – WYBRANE PRZYKŁADY SZTUKI SEPULKRALNEJ
Authors: Konieczna Karolina , Krupa Barbara
Published: February 2021

Symbolikę motyla, głęboko zakorzenioną w kulturze, nakreśla greckie znaczenie tego terminu. Psyche, oznacza dosłownie motyla, jak i duszę. Cykl życiowy owada posłużył za porównanie do egzystencji człowieka – gąsienica, będąca stadium larwalnym symbolizuje ludzki los na ziemi, poczwarka, jako forma przejściowa – śmierć, natomiast motyl, będący postacią doskonałą, jest metaforą zmartwychwstania oraz zbawienia. Motyl jako symbol nadziei oraz nieśmiertelności pojawia się zarówno w chrześcijańskiej, jak i w żydowskiej sztuce nagrobnej. Praca prezentuje motyw motyla na wybranych chrześcijańskich zabytkowych nagrobkach, gdzie został przedstawiony w formie płaskorzeźby bądź jako atrybut postaci figuralnej (skrzydła). Przeprowadzona analiza cmentarzy Polski południowo-wschodniej opisywany motyw wykazała na cmentarzach Rzeszowa (Stary Cmentarz, Cmentarz Pobitno), w Krakowie (Cmentarz Rakowicki) oraz Tarnowie (Stary Cmentarz).
CHIŃSKIE KRAJOBRAZY XXI WIEKU – SZANSE I ZAGROŻENIA
Authors: Walter Ewa , Ziemiańska Monika
Published: February 2021

Niniejszy artykuł jest efektem 2-miesięcznego pobytu w Chinach, podczas którego autorki zapoznawały się nie tylko z krajobrazem Chin w wydaniu dzikim czy skomercjalizowanym, ale także weszły w świat współczesnej chińskiej architektury krajobrazu – zarówno na poziomie ideowym (uczestnictwo w zjeździe chińskich architektów krajobrazu), edukacyjnym (uczestnictwo w zajęciach z projektowania na kierunku architektura krajobrazu), jak i przede wszystkim praktycznym, obserwując kierunki działań w kształtowaniu krajobrazu „na żywo”. Na podstawie obserwacji i późniejszych analiz wybranych obszarów cennych krajobrazowo, korzystając jednocześnie z rozmów z chińskimi architektami krajobrazu, autorki nakreśliły subiektywną tezą, iż niekontrolowany pęd do nowoczesności, podyktowany ekonomią, może stać się przyczyną zatracenia tradycyjnego chińskiego krajobrazu. Jednocześnie efekty krajobrazowej transformacji zachodzącej w Chinach mają szansę być przestrogą dla innych krajów, w których dobro ekonomiczne przeważa nad potrzebami środowiska przyrodniczego.
PLANOWANIA ZINTEGROWANEGO KRAJOBRAZU MIEJSKIEGO W SZCZECINIE NA PRZYKŁADZIE ZAGOSPODAROWYWANIA PRZESTRZENI OSIEDLOWYCH
Authors: Kościńska Marta
Published: February 2021

W referacie podjęto próbę przedstawienia istniejących tendencji planowania krajobrazu miasta Szczecina na przykładzie istniejących osiedli mieszkaniowych wybudowanych w II połowie XX w.
A világjárvány hatása a globális logisztikai folyamatokra
Authors: Nagy Gábor , Bányainé Tóth Ágota , Illés Béla , Varga Attila Károly
Published: February 2021

A COVID-19 világjárvány emlékeztette a társadalmat arra, hogy a természeti katasztrófák mellett a járványok is részét képezik múltunknak, jelenünknek és jövőnknek. Még ha nem is tudjuk megakadályozni a veszélyes vírusok megjelenését, fel kell készülnünk arra, hogy csillapítsuk a társadalomra gyakorolt hatásukat. Egyértelműen kijelenthető, hogy a COVID-19 járvány a súlyos élettani hatása mellett jelentős gazdasági károkat okozott világszerte. A különböző iparágak globális ellátási láncainak jelentős nehézségekkel kell megbirkózniuk. Nemcsak a gazdaságra van hatással a vírus; az egész társadalom érintett, ami drámai változásokhoz vezetett a vállalkozások és a fogyasztók viselkedésében. A világot behálózó ellátási láncoknak, amelyek az elmúlt évtizedekben magas szintű stabilitást és rugalmasságot mutattak, számos zavaró tényezővel kel most szembenézniük. A világjárvány a lánc teljes egészét hátrányosan érintette mind a gyártási, mind a logisztikai folyamatok vonatkozásában, valamint a kereslet jelentős elmozdulásával. A világjárvány rámutatott arra, hogy az ellátási láncok alkalmazkodóképességének fokozása érdekében három kulcsfontosságú területet kell szem előtt tartani: kockázat és rugalmasság, globális átláthatóság, valamint gyors reagálás és döntés. Megállapítható, hogy a járvány okozta változások hatására a globális ellátási láncok rövidebbek és átláthatóbbak lesznek az olyan megújult stratégiák révén, mint a digitalizáció melynek eszközei a DSN építőelemei.
Cooled Sacroiliac Radiofrequency Denervation
for the Treatment of Pain Secondary to Tumor
Infiltration: A Case-Based Focused Literature
Review
Authors: Cohen Steven P.
Published: February 2021

Background: The sacroiliac (SI) joint is a common cause of low back pain, for which
radiofrequency (RF) denervation has been shown to provide long-term relief. However,
controversy exists surrounding the innervation, which treatment paradigm to utilize, and how
best to select patients who might benefit.
Objective: To describe a patient with terminal breast cancer and tumor infiltration of the
sacroiliac joint who was treated with cooled RF of the sacral lateral branches as an end-oflife palliative measure. The objectives of this review are to provide insight into the innervation
of the SI joint; address controversial issues surrounding the targeted nerves in a patient with
transitional anatomy; outline risk-mitigation strategies; and highlight the need for individually
tailored treatment plans.
Methods: Case-based focused literature review in a patient treated with cooled RF ablation of
the L4-S3 primary dorsal rami and lateral branches.
Results: Treatment was tailored to facilitate the rapid treatment of this terminal patient by
performing the prognostic blocks and RF ablation at the same visit. Until her death 5 days
post-procedure, the patient reported significant pain relief and began to ambulate and use the
bathroom on her own, activities she could not do before treatment. In addition to functional
improvement, she was also able to significantly reduce her opioid intake.
Conclusion: This is the first report of cooled SI joint RF ablation to treat cancer pain. Our patient’s
positive response to the procedure suggests the possibility that the lateral branches innervate
not only the posterior ligaments, but also the bony articulation. The decision to proceed with RF
ablation on the same day as a prognostic lateral branch block was based on our patient’s terminal
condition, and the fact that cooled RF does not require sensory stimulation to ensure proximity to
the target nerves. Because of her transitional anatomy, we elected to target L4.
Key words: Cancer, denervation, innervation, radiofrequency, sacroiliac joint, transitional
anatomy
Tramadol Induced Paradoxical Hyperalgesia
Authors: Kim Woong Mo
Published: February 2021

Opioids have been the mainstay analgesics for postoperative, cancerous, and
chronic noncancerous pain. Common concerns regarding the use of opioids
include the development of physical dependence and addiction. However, as a
potential complication of opioid therapy, opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) is often
overlooked. That is, patients receiving opioids to control their pain may paradoxically
become more sensitive to pain as a consequence of opioid therapy. OIH is a very
important issue because it may complicate the clinical course of pain treatment and
even worsen the suffering of patients receiving opioids because of the development
of excruciating pain.
Three OIH types were defined: 1) in the context of maintenance dosing and
withdrawal, 2) at very high or escalating doses, and 3) at ultra-low doses. In the
literature, most attention has been paid to the first 2 forms, and almost all cases of
reported OIH have been ascribed to morphine administration. The third form of OIH
has not been documented in humans, although it has been observed in animals.
We present 2 cases of OIH resulting from administration of tramadol, which is a
synthetic analogue of codeine and exhibits 10-fold less affinity for mu-opioid
receptors, in patients suffering from chronic pain. The 2 cases presented herein imply
the importance of recognizing OIH in patients medicated with tramadol if analgesic
effects are lost in the context of dose titration, when generalized pain is reported
without any evidence of disease exacerbation.
While OIH associated with ultra-low dose opiates seems to be quite rare, if it is
suspected, switching to other drugs and an appropriate treatment should be
considered.
Key words: Opioid-induced hyperalgesia, opioids, chronic pain, serotonin
syndrome, tramadol, ketamine
Influence of CYP2D6 Activity on Pre-emptive
Analgesia by the N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
Antagonist Dextromethorphan in a Randomized
Controlled Trial of Acute Pain
Authors: Desmeules Prof. Jules
Published: February 2021

Background: There is some evidence that dextromethorphan (DM) is effective as a preemptive analgesic agent. DM is mainly metabolized to dextrorphan (DOR) by CYP2D6 whose
activity can be inhibited by pharmacologic intervention.
Objectives: To investigate the efficacy of DM as a pre-emptive analgesic agent and describe
the population pharmacokinetics in the presence of normal and poor CYP2D6 metabolism
in acute post-operative pain.
Study Design: Double blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Setting: Post-surgical analgesic consumption after knee ligament surgery, a setting of acute
pain.
Methods: Forty patients were randomized to a single oral dose of 50 mg quinidine or
placebo, administered 12 hours before 50 mg DM. Patients were genotyped for the major
CYP2D6 and ABCB1 variants and phenotyped for CYP2D6 using urine DM/DOR metabolic
ratios and blood samples for population pharmacokinetic modeling.
Results: Quinidine was effective in inhibiting CYP2D6 activity, with 2-fold reduction of DM
to DOR biotransformation clearance, prolonged DM half-life, and increased DM systemic
availability. Patients in the quinidine group required significantly less often NSAIDs than
patients in the placebo group (35.3% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.022). The odds ratio for NSAID
consumption in the placebo vs. quinidine group was 5.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 -
22.7) at 48 hours after surgery.
Limitations: While this study shows an impact of DM on pre-emptive analgesia and is
mechanistically interesting, the findings need to be confirmed in larger trials.
Conclusion: CYP2D6 inhibition by quinidine influenced the pre-emptive analgesic
effectiveness of DM confirming that CYP2D6 phenotypic switch increases the neuromodulatory
effect of oral dextromethorphan.
Key words: Pre-emptive analgesia, dextomethorphan, population kinetics, quinidine,
cytochrome 2D6
Opioids and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Adults
with Non-Cancer Pain
Authors: Jick Susan
Published: February 2021

Background: While the use of opioids for chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) has increased
dramatically in the past 2 decades, concern exists about the safety of opioids, particularly
with the extensive use among individuals with CNCP.
Objective: To assess the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D) among adults exposed to opioids
for non-cancer pain.
Study Design: Nested case-control study.
Setting: United Kingdom-based General Practice Research Database (GPRD).
Methods: Among 1.7 million opioid users with at least one prescription for an opioid to
treat non-cancer pain in the GPRD (1990 – 2008), we identified all incident T2D cases with
at least 2 years of medical history before their first diagnosis (index date). For each case
we randomly selected up to 2 controls matched on age, gender, index date, and general
practice. The same eligibility requirements were applied to controls as to cases. We defined
“any exposure” as at least 2 prescriptions for an opioid within 2 years before the index date
and defined “nonuse” as no use or only one prescription within 2 years (reference). For
any exposure to opioids we further evaluated timing of use, cumulative use, and individual
opioid type. Conditional logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios
(AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) controlling for confounders.
Results: We identified 50,468 T2D cases to which we matched 100,415 controls. Cases
were more likely than controls to be former smokers, heavier, and to have more comorbidities, co-medications, and visits to their general practitioners. After adjusting for
important confounders there was no increased risk for T2D among those exposed to any
opioid compared to nonusers (AOR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.00 – 1.06). The results did not change
when we evaluated timing of use, cumulative use, or individual opioid type.
Limitations: Misclassification of exposure may have occurred; limited data for some
individual opioid types.
Conclusion: This study found no association between use of opioids and risk of T2D
among non-cancer adults.
Key words: Opioids, type 2 diabetes, non-cancer pain, General Practice Research Database
GPRD, nested case-control, safety, adults
К ВОПРОСУ О МЕДИЦИНСКОЙ ТЕРМИНОЛОГИИ В КИТАЙСКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ
Authors: SULTANOVA Lola
Published: February 2021

В настоящее время китайский язык становится одним из популярнейших языков, которые изучаются в Узбекистане. Популярность китайского языка требует и глубоких исследований по различным направлениям, в особенности в тех направлениях, где происходят регулярные изменения. В данной статье рассматривается история китайской медицины и возникновение новообразований — терминов медицинской науки. Китайская медицина напрямую связана с древнекитайской философией и поэтому развитие китайской медицинской терминологии следует рассматривать на фоне исторических событий Китая. В истории китайской медицины огромную роль играет и западная медицина, внесшая большое количество терминов. Способы образования и критерии отбора медицинской терминологии 医学术语 [yīxué shùyǔ] включают лексико-семантические и морфологические образования и формы, представляющие особый интерес в изучении терминологического пополнения исследуемого языка. Более того, проблема международной стандартизации медицинских терминов представляет собой нерешенные задачи в поиске семантического соответствия, адекватности содержания терминируемого понятия, охватывающего все направления медицины: требуется регулярное редактирование, обработка и обзор терминологии, игнорирование которого может стать причиной отсутствия взаимодействия в системе здравоохранения и медицины в целом.
EFFECT OF FEEDING OAK (Quercus aegilops) ACORNS ON MILK PRODUCTION, MILK COMPOSITION AND SOME BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF BLACK GOATS
Authors: Hidayet Hoger M. , Mustafa Kamal N.
Published: February 2021

Twenty four Black goat does at 1st week post kidding were adapted to control diet for 2 weeks and then blocked into 4 groups (6 does/group) to be fed on one of the experimental diets (0, 5, 10 and 15% oak acorns) to study the effect of different levels of oak acorns on milk yield, milk composition and some serum biochemical traits. Results revealed that at 10th week of lactation, there was a significant increase in daily milk yield in does fed on 15% oak acorns. In contrast the group fed on 15% oak acorns exhibited a significant decrease in milk protein and solid non-fat contents at 10th week of lactation. The milk lactose yield was significantly higher in group fed on 15% oak acorns at 10th week of lactation. The serum glucose concentration at 8th week of lactation was significantly higher in does fed on 10% oak acorns while at 10th week; it was significantly higher in does fed 5% oak acorns. It could be concluded that feeding does on diets containing 15% oak acorns caused a significant increase in daily milk yield of Black goats and a significant decrease in milk protein content.
HISTOPATHOMICROBIAL EXAMINATION OF ECHINOCOCCOSIS IN LUNG AND LIVER INFECTED WITH KLEBSIELA PNEUMONIA IN SHEEP OF IRAQ.
Authors: Hashim M. S.
Published: February 2021

Investigation about hydatid cyst infection in lungs and liver of sheep and  its association with Klebsiella pneumonia  was done ,specimens were collected from sick and healthy sheep at  different slaughter    houses in  Iraq Cities, each specimens which contained cystic lesions  were divided to three parts , 1st part was sent to microbial laboratory ,2nd part  was sent to parasitology  laboratory, 3rd part  was sent to histopathology laboratory . A number (100) of infected specimens lung and liver were examined grossly in order to look for any cystic lesions, as well as each specimen was examined microbiologically, and were positive for both Klebsiella pneumonia and parasitism. Histopathological examination grossly showed cystic lesions on surfaces of lungs and livers with paleness appearance, microscopically pathological lesion mainly were edematous and hemorrhagic changes inside and outside alveoli in lung, with sever destructive and necrotic with hemolytic changes in livers .Reported results' concluded that most cystic lesions' specimens were presented in lung , liver which were infected with bacteria Klebsiella pneumonia.
MOLECULAR DIAGNOSIS AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF BABESIA SPECIES ISOLATED FROM TICKS OF INFESTED CATTLE IN WASIT GOVERNORATE, IRAQ
Authors: & Al-Amery Al-Abedi
Published: February 2021

The aim of current study is to detect Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, and B. divergens in ticks using molecular polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. In a totally 180 cattle examined to collect of tick samples during December 2018 to August 2019, the findings were revealed on 63 (35%) cattle infested with ticks that classified morphologically to belong to the genus of Hyalomma and genus of Rhipicephalus. From 50 tick samples tested by PCR assay, 41 (82%) were infested by Babesia genus including 30 (68.18%) infested with B. bovis and 11 (31.82%) infested with B. bigemina; whereas, no tick samples were found to be infested with B. divergens. To document the local isolated strains, five PCR products of each B. bovis and B. bigemina positive strains were selected, sequenced and reported in the NCBI under the accession numbers of (MN727083.1, MN727084.1, MN727085.1, MN727086.1, and MN727087.1) and (MN741113.1, MN741114.1, MN741115.1,MN741116.1, and MN741117.1) respectively.
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF POMEGRANATE
Authors: O. Lazeeza S.
Published: February 2021

Natural fruits antioxidants play a significant role in inhibiting reactive oxygen species and scavenging free radicals, thus avoiding chronic, degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease, aging, cholesterol rates and cancer. The study covered six categories of each three tastes of different pomegranate fruits obtained or purchased in Erbil/Kurdistan-Iraq, a total of 54 samples (6x3x3) were analyzed. Each type was tested for ferric reduction of antioxidant power assay, reduced power method, ascorbic acid content, total phenol and total flavonoid. Our results have shown that the Sour Smilan cultivar has the highest antioxidant properties, ferric antioxidant power reduction (536.89±14.65), ferric power reduction (0.965), ascorbic acid content (0.252±0.012), total phenol (139.66±3.49), total flavonoid (23.08±2.23), and short comparative studies have been conducted to analyze the amount of iron (11) in pomegranate in order to analyze their interferences to the antioxidant activity reported in the ferric reduction of antioxidant power assay.
A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF CUMULATIVE FLUID BALANCE AND
ITS EFFECT ON RECOVERY IN PATIENTS WITH WHIPPLES SURGERY.
Authors: Garg Neha , Sindhwani Gaurav , Pasupuleti Samba Siva Rao , Kalimbi Raghini
Published: February 2021

Introduction- Large amount of uid is administered in whipples owing to its long duration of surgery and major resection
of pancreas and gastrointestinal structures. Excessive uid may lead to cellular swelling ,disruption of renal architecture
and tension in the renal capsule leading to AKI. Thus the primary objective of the study was to study the effect of positive cumulative uid balance
on development of postoperative Acute kidney injury (AKI) and length of intensive care stay (ICU). Secondary objective was to nd the effect of
positive uid balance on development of sepsis and surgical complications.
Methodology- A retrospective analysis was conducted in 106 patients undergoing whipples surgery.
Results-Cumulative uid balance in rst 24 hours was 6.5 ± 1.9 litres. Acute kidney injury occurred in 20.6% of patients. On bivariate analysis,
older age, longer duration of surgery and the highest lactate were found to be statistically signicantly associated with the development of acute
kidney injury. The same factors were also found signicant in the multivariate analysis for development of AKI.
Conclusion- Increased positive cumulative uid balance at 24 hours did not increase the development of AKI or increased the length of intensive
care stay in patients undergoing whipples surgery .
EFFECTS OF ISOLATED AND COMBINED EFFECTS OF AEROBIC
DANCING AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON RESTING PULSE RATE OF
TYPE-2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
Authors: Dharuman Maniazhagu
Published: February 2021

The purpose of study was to nd out the effects of isolated and combined effects of aerobic dancing and resistance training
on resting pulse rate of type-2 diabetic patients. To achieve the purpose of the study, 60 type 2 diabetic patients with the
age of 40-45 years from Karaikudi town, Sivaganga District, Tamilnadu were selected as subject at random. The study was formulated as pre and
post test random group design, in which sixty subject were divided into four equal groups. The experimental group-1 (n=15, AD) underwent
aerobic dancing, experimental group-2 (n=15, RT) underwent resistance training, experimental group – 3 (n=15, COM-T) underwent combined
practice of aerobic dancing and resistance training and group-4 (n=15, CG) served as a control group. In this study, three training programme were
adopted as independent variable, i.e., aerobic dancing, resistance training and combined training. The resting pulse rate was chosen as dependent
variable. It was tested by number of beats per minute, scores recorded in number. The collected pre and post data was critically analyzed with apt
statistical tool of analysis of co-variance. The Scheffe's post hoc test was used to nd out pair-wise comparisons between groups. The results of the
present study proved that the three training interventions have signicantly altered the resting pulse rate.
CORRELATION OF MEAN PLATELET VOLUME WITH GLYCEMIC
INDEX IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS – AN
OBSERVATIONAL STUDY
Authors: .B Anitha , .A Veena Juliette , T Murali.
Published: February 2021

Type II Diabetes mellitus (TII DM) is a major global health problem. TII DM is characterized by the prothrombotic state
of platelets which owes to the persistent hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, causing injury to pericytes and
endothelium. Increased platelet activity is believed to be associated with the development of vascular complications in TII DM. Mean Platelet
Volume (MPV), a marker of platelet function which can be used to assess the vascular complications. This is an observational study including 150
TII DM patients attending Diabetology OPD in Coimbatore Medical College& Hospital. MPV, FBS, PPBS, HBA1c were signicantly elevated
in TII DM patients. Mean FBS, PPBS, HBA1c, MPV were 188.84±91.50mg/dL, 281.10±104.51mg/dL,8.56±2.25 %,9.66 ± 2.02fL, respectively.
MPV showed a signicant positive correlation with FBS, PPBS, HBA1c. MPV showed more strong correlation in patients with HBA1c >7% than
in patients with HBA1c ≤7%. Our study showed that in Type II Diabetes Mellitus patients, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV) is increased. MPV is
signicantly increased in patients with high HBA1c level. Thus, MPV can be taken as a simple and a cost-effective parameter in assessing the
Glycemic control in TII DM patients.
OUTCOMES OF NEONATES BORN TO MOTHER WITH PREMATURE
MEMBRANE RUPTURE AT TERTIARY HOSPITAL, AMBALA.
Authors: Mahajan Kusum , Kumar Anuj , Bharadwaj Anand Kumar , Manocha Jatin
Published: February 2021

Aims and Objectives: To nd out all the outcomes in neonates born to mother with premature membrane rupture (PROM
or PPROM) of >18 hrs duration. This descriptive study was conducted in Department of P Methods: ediatrics, at
Maharishi Markandeshwar Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Mullana, Ambala over a period of 18 months. Total 58 neonates born to
mother with PROM of more than 18 hours were evaluated in this study. Perinatal Results: morbidity was seen in 50% of cases. Neonatal jaundice
was the commonest cause for perinatal morbidity noticed in 37.93% of cases followed by respiratory distress/TTN, Thrombocytopenia, CRP
positive sepsis, Birth asphyxia, Apnoea, RDS and Culture positive sepsis (27.58%, 18.96%, 18.96%, 10.34%, 10.34%, 8.62% and 8.62%
respectively). Perinatal mortality observed was 1.72% (1 out of 58). As the period of gestation increases the duration of latency period decreases
and incidence of perinatal morbidities also decreases. Pregnancies complica Conclusion: ted by PROM are signicantly at higher risk of
developing perinatal morbidities and mortality. These morbidities are greatly inuenced by the duration of the latency period and period of
gestation.