bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of modern technical means for servicing airports and airplanes
Authors: Avrunin Grigory , Pimonov Igor , Shcherbak Oleg , Yaryzhko Aleksandr , Moroz Irene
Published: December 2022

Problem. The problem is an integral part of developing the concept of forming a standard range of transport and technological hydrophilic modular means for maintenance of airfields and airplanes. Goal. The goal is development of scientifically sound recommendations for determining the rational parameters of the hydraulic system with automation of control and energy saving during operation of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, taking into account the potential of domestic engineering and critical imports of units and assemblies. Methodology. The methods include analysis of energy saving methods in  hydraulic fluid power of mobile machines according to manufacturers' catalogs and industrial examples taking into account the needs of modular vehicles for maintenance of airfields and aircraft, in particular, taking into account the creation of modern hydraulic devices and circuit solutions in hydraulic drives with throttle and machine control and automatic regulators of change of hydraulic  fluid power. Results. It is established that in hydraulic drives with throttle control and pumps with unregulated working volume, throttles on parallel flow and three-wire flow regulators or LS and LUDV modern systems are used; automatic pressure and flow regulators are used with pumps with adjustable displacement; in machine-controlled hydraulic drives through the use of pumps and hydraulic motors with adjustable displacement and hydraulic automation; by energy recovery during operation and bench tests of hydraulic drives; at the design stage of hydraulic drives, when the static analysis is performed in terms of efficiency and dynamic to reduce the loads on the starting modes of operation; and also at designing lay the effective circuit technical decisions promoting energy saving; directly in operation due to high-quality working fluids, heat exchange systems and filtration. Originality. The classification of methods of energy saving in volumetric hydraulic drives of mobile machines is made and examples of application of some means which are planned for introduction in transmissions and the technological equipment of cars for service of aerodromes and planes are resulted. Practical value.  The possibility of a rational selection of axial-piston domestic hydraulic machines for the development of hydraulic drives for airfields and aircraft is proven.
Features of testing bulldozer control system with a GPS intensifier
Authors: Yefymenko Oleksandr , Pluhina Tetiana , Yefymenko Pavlo
Published: December 2022

Problem. The task of positioning the working mechanism of the bulldozer in real time is considered. It has been proven that modern road machines control systems combine achievements in the field of GPS satellite positioning and mechatronic means. A competitive analysis of bulldozer control systems showed that field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier have not been conducted before. The task of positioning the working mechanism of the CRM was solved without fully taking into account the diagnostic parameters. Goal. The goal is to establish the influence of the GPS-intensifier system on the technical and economic indicators of the machine and to obtain information about the productivity and duration of the bulldozer's working cycle when using the GPS-intensifier. Methodology. Test and simulation methods for machine control systems using electronic components for earthmoving machines and their equipment were used in the work. A methodology for conducting field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier has been developed. Results. The bulldozer control system with GPS intensifier was tested. Comparative analysis and technical and economic substantiation of the research results were carried out. The influence of the GPS-intensifier system on the technical and economic indicators of the machine has been established. Data were obtained on the performance and duration of the bulldozer's work cycle when using the GPS intensifier. The developed method of conducting field tests meets the standards and allows you to fully assess the impact of the new control system on the technical and economic indicators of the bulldozer's work cycle: the duration of the work cycle, total and hourly fuel consumption. Originality. The originality lies in the fact that the using intelligent components of information processing systems allow to increase machine productivity. Field tests of a traditional bulldozer and a bulldozer with a GPS intensifier have not been conducted before. Practical value. The use of a GPS intensifier makes it possible to predict the work of actuators CRM in real time.
Analysis of the influence of the change in the geometric parameters of the micro roughness of the mobile connected surfaces with the adsorption layer of pairs on their convergence
Authors: Kosolapov Viktor
Published: December 2022

Problem. In connection with the trend of increasing the volume of road construction work, there is a need to ensure increased reliability of road machines. Most earthmoving machines operate under high loads. Severe working conditions and the dynamic, vibrational nature of the load of these machines reduce the reliability and operating time of their hydraulic drives. The complexity of friction and wear processes in the joints of real machine parts does not yet allow us to describe them quantitatively with sufficient accuracy. However, for engineering calculations of the influence of the roughness parameters of friction surfaces on the intensity of their wear, already known dependencies can be used that establish the relationship between the wear intensity and the friction parameters of the surfaces. There are different models for the formation of conditions for the development of the process of wear of the surfaces of movable joints. One of the issues of modeling the process of wear of the surfaces of mobile joints is the question of the influence of the adsorption layer of surfactant on the stress state at the basis of their microroughness. Goal. The goal of the studies was to determine the change in the convergence of microprotrusions of mating surfaces with a change in the radius of the tops of microprotrusions in the presence of a surfactant adsorption layer on them. Methodology. Solution of the problems set involved the formation of a model of the process of contact of individual microprotrusions of rough surfaces coated with a surfactant adsorption layer, and its application to determine the dependence in the change in the approach of microprotrusions with a change of the radius of their top and the thickness of the surfactant adsorption layer on them. Results. The dependence of the amount of convergence of micro-uniformities in the coupling on the geometry of micro-uniformities and the thickness of the adsorbed surfactant layer was obtained. The performed calculation of the convergence of micro-uniformities taking into account the thickness of the surfactant adsorption layer showed that under these initial conditions, the convergence of the surfaces of micro-uniformities can be up to 19% relative to the radius of their tops. Originality. A model of the process of interaction of individual microroughnesses of rough surfaces of movable tribocoupling is proposed, which allows one to analyze the influence of the load in contact, the geometrical parameters of the contacting microprotrusions, and the parameters characterizing the surfactant adsorption layer on the approach value of contacting microprotrusions. Practical value. The use of the proposed mathematical model allows predicting the result of the process of interaction of rough friction surfaces in the presence of a lubricating material, based on the convergence of the friction surfaces.
Studying the load of the working equipment of the knife pipe deepener for trenchless laying of engineering communications by the pulling method
Authors: Ragulin Vitaliy , Vladimir Suponyev , Kovalevskyi Serhii
Published: December 2022

Problem. This article is devoted to the study of the load of the working equipment of the knife pipe boring machine for trenchless laying of linear underground engineering communications by pulling them through the soil. The implementation of this method requires significant traction efforts, which causes big stress in its working equipment. Understanding their meaning is important when designing these machines. Goal. The purpose of the research is to create calculation schemes and mathematical models that will allow you to get an idea of the load on the work equipment and provide it with a qualitative assessment of its stress state. Methodology. In order to achieve the set goal, an idea of the dynamics of work processes of earthmoving and transport machines was put forward. Results. The obtained results made it possible to carry out an analysis of the loads on the working equipment of the pipe dredger, taking into account the processes that occur during the meeting of the knife working body with an obstacle in the process of movement. Namely, it was established that when the back knife of the working equipment meets with obstacles, the stiffness of which increases, from 10.000 to 20,000kN/m, it does not lead to a significant increase in the operating loads, which can be explained by a significant difference in the stiffness of the obstacle and the working equipment. It is possible to reduce the maximum operating loads from 270 to 210kN, or by 27% by reducing the stiffness of the working equipment from 2000 to 500kN/m due to the use of additional elastic nodes or elements that absorb dynamic loads in the metal structure of the knife equipment of the machine. The most significant reduction in operating forces can be achieved by reducing the speed of movement in areas where obstacles are likely to be encountered. The conducted studies showed that changing the movement speed from 1.5 to 0.5 m/s allows to reduce the resulting forces from 330 to 190 kN, or by 43%. Scientific novelty. For the first time, calculation models were obtained for determining the dynamic load of the working equipment of knife pipe boring machines during its collision with obstacles.. Practical value. The results of the research can be recommended for practical use in the design of knife-type pipe deepeners, which are intended for trenchless laying of underground communications.
Method of estimating the time required to ensure the uniform motion of vehicle platoon progres-sion on the coordinated section of the city arterial road
Authors: Horbachov Peter , Liubyi Yevhen
Published: December 2022

Problem. The problem of distributing competing flows of road users in time is prevalent worldwide, and there is no fully justified and intelligible solution, even if only traffic flows can be considered. At the busiest street intersections, the primary means of traffic management is traffic signal control. If the traffic lights are close to each other, then it is a good practice to coordinate the operation of such traffic lights to organise the most unhampered movement of vehicles in one or several directions; that is the progression. Goal. The goal is estimation of the time required to ensure the uniform motion of vehicle platoon progression on the coordinated artery of the city arterial. Methodology. The developed approach is based on the use of analytical research methods and allows to formalize the interaction of the platoon progression with additional vehicles. Results. The results of the estimation of the minimum time required to ensure the uniform motion of the platoon progression allow us to state that for actual speeds and vehicle accelerations when starting from the stop-line of the intersection, the requirement for the uniform motion of the platoon progression is too strict, especially if we take into account that advance time will increase significantly as the number of additional vehicles in the queue increases. Originality. Analytical models created using formulas of the kinematics of rectilinear uniform accelerated motion of a point make it possible to estimate the minimum advance time of the start of the traffic light signal due to the deliberate speed of traffic and the average acceleration of one additional vehicle when starting from the stop-line of the intersection. Practical value. The developed models reflect the minimum value of the advance time, which ensures uniform motion of the platoon progression, provided that there is one additional vehicle at the stop-line of the intersection.
Professor Oleksiy Petrovych Krymov. An outline of the professional and scientific path of an outstanding surgeon
Authors: Zavernyi L. G. , Tarasiuk T. V. , Tsiura Y. P. , Kryvopustov M. S.
Published: December 2022

The article highlights the professional and scientific path of Professor Oleksiy Petrovych Krymov — professor of surgery and head of the Department of Faculty Surgery of the Kyiv Medical Institute.
Paraesophageal hernia: the state of the problem and controversial issues. Review
Authors: Tarasov T. A. , Markulan L. Y.
Published: December 2022

The literature review focuses on the controversial issues regarding the treatment of paraesophageal hernia. The limitations of the current classification of hiatal hernias are highlighted. It is irrelevant and does not meet clinical needs. Objective criteria for its improvement are proposed. Data on the prevalence and course of hiatal hernias are given. Their pathogenetic factors and diagnostic methods are underlined. Considerable emphasis is placed on the paraesophageal hernia treatment strategies in patients with an asymptomatic and mildly symptomatic clinical course of the disease. Arguments are presented in favour of both wait‑and‑see tactics and planned hernioplasty. The choice of hernioplasty technique, especially in the case of giant hernias, the feasibility and indications for the use of mesh implants depending on their shape and composition, and the potential complications of allogenioplasty are the main topics for discussion. The problem of selecting a fundoplication method is addressed while weighing the advantages and potential side effects of employing various fundoplication modifications. The effects of correcting a short esophagus and eliminating the axial pressure on the esophageal hiatus are thoroughly evaluated, as these conditions increase the risk of hernia recurrence.

The authors concluded that there are many controversial issues in the treatment of paraesophageal hernia. A consensus is needed on the classification of paraesophageal hernias, which would meet the urgent needs of choosing the method of operative delivery, and, in particular, the definition of the concepts of «large hernia» and «giant hernia.» Further research is required on issues such as the indications for operative treatment of paraesophageal hernias, especially in the case of asymptomatic large hernias and incarcerated hernias; the feasibility of using implants for plastic surgery of the esophageal hiatus; the choice of a fundoplication method; the diagnosis and correction of a short esophagus; and methodology for evaluating long‑term treatment outcomes.
Risk factors for chronic periodontitis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Emelyanov D. V. , Emelyanova N.Y.
Published: December 2022

Periodontal diseases are constantly influenced by various exogenous factors, among which certain eating habits attract attention. But, despite the presence of exogenous factors, the initiation of the inflammatory process in the periodontium does not occur, thanks to the balance between them and the local immune system. The appearance of an endogenous factor, in the form of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, disorders the balance and contributes to the initiation of inflammation with the development of chronic periodontitis.
Objective — to study of the influence of provoking factors on the periodontium against the background of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Materials and methods. Two groups were formed: main group (patients with NAFLD) and control one (somatically healthy individuals). Dental status was studied. The sensitivity of the taste receptors of the tongue to glucose (threshold gustometry) was determined using 6 dilutions of glucose with different concentrations. The quantitative composition of Porphyromonas gingivalis was studied by the method of quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in real time (qRT‑PCR), and the concentration of gingipain K in the oral fluid was determined by the immune‑enzymatic method.
Results. Patients of the main group were overweight (body mass index was 32.200 [31.34; 37.45]), confirmed insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR index was 5.05 [3.75; 7.93]). Almost 90 % of patients in the main group and about 30 % of persons in the control one abused sweets, but chronic periodontitis was diagnosed only in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease.
Conclusions. Despite the similar character of the nutrition of individuals of both groups, the development of chronic periodontitis is observed in patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, which indicates its significant influence on the condition of the organs and tissues of the oral cavity. Correction of eating habits is an important point in the therapy of chronic inflammation in the body in general and in the periodontium in particular.
Early concepts of nutrition, digestion, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract and their treatment: from the Schola Medica Salernitana to Rokitansky and Virchow
Authors: Gubergrits N. B. , Byelyayeva N. V. , Linevska K. Y.
Published: December 2022

The Schola Medica Salernitana and «The Salernitan Rule of Health» are monuments of medieval medicine and pharmacy. The Schola Medica Salernitana inherited the traditions of ancient medicine. «The Salernitan Rule of Health» examines the properties of various foods, fruits, and plants and their therapeutic effects. The work was written according to the custom of that time — in verse, because advice given in poetic form is better memorized. Gaspare Aselli (1581 — 1626) was a Milanese anatomist and surgeon. When his work on the lactiferous vessels of the intestine was published (1622), there was considerable controversy about how blood moved away from the heart as well as the mechanism by which fluid was transferred from the digestive tract to other organs. The Iatromathematical School claimed that physiological events should be seen as fixed sequences of physical laws. For example, the stomach was seen as a mechanical mill that turned the food into chyme. The Jesuit abbot Lazzaro Spallanzani (1729 — 1799) was a professor of physics and mathematics at the College of San Carlo in Modena. Throughout his life, he conducted a great deal of unique scientific research. He did important studies on gastric secretion in various animals and concluded that the digestion of food is a chemical process dependent on the digestive power of saliva and the dissolving properties of gastric juice. His definition that digestion is not putrefaction but an active process was a significant advance since his predecessors considered it a passive process. Recognition of the role of pathological anatomy in establishing the cause and nature of diseases was the next big step in the study of the gastrointestinal tract. The first definite information about the correlation between structural and functional disorders was provided by T. Bonet in his work «Sepulchretum» in 1679, later expanded and supplemented by G. Morgagni (1682 — 1771), J. Cruveilhier (1791 — 1873), and K. Rokitansky (1804 — 1878). Detailed descriptions of numerous cases (more than 30.000 from Rokitansky alone) provided information to understand the relationship between symptoms and autopsy data. In the 19th century, R. Virchow took his observations beyond the organ that was sick and came up with a cellular theory of pathological processes.
The inherent variability of some environmental analytical methods hampers the circular economy of materials
Authors: Hennebert Pierre , Stoffel Anne-Françoise , Hubner Mathieu , Fortmann Daniel , Merdy Patricia , Beggio Giovanni
Published: December 2022

This paper is the third part of three papers on sampling by the number of particles, focusing on analytical variability. The objective is to propose a target variability of waste and contaminated soil analyses (extraction and quantification), that can be used for calculation of the size of a representative sample. Data of intra- and inter-laboratory variability are presented. As the variability of the quantification step (after extraction) is limited in waste and soil analyses to about 0.01, the analytical variability stems from three main sources: (i) non-homogeneous test portions; (ii) for partial extraction methods, variable extraction rate, due to presence of options in the method or insufficient time for equilibrium (leaching or percolation test, biotests); and (iii) ill-defined solid/liquid separation (leaching or percolation tests), critical since there are colloids and nanoparticles in the leachates, representing from 0 to 100% of the element fraction in the leachate. Counter-intuitively, the centrifugation (annex E of EN 12457) series before the 450 nm-filtration delivers leachates more concentrated in particles (median size 150 nm, 1 sample) and statistically more concentrated in elements (+13%, 27 samples, 287 paired data). Without centrifugation, the filter cake that builds up on the membrane is an additional filter. A target intra-laboratory variability of CVr = 0.10 (10%) and inter-laboratory variability of CVR = 0.20 (20%) is proposed for all analytical methods. The methods with higher CVr and CVR should be revisited to not jeopardise the sampling and characterisation efforts of waste and soil, particularly for valorisation in the circular economy.
Analyzing waste prevention behaviors by applying an ABMS framework
Authors: Ribeiro Rodrigues Evelin , Bortoleto Ana Paula
Published: December 2022

Nature and society have undergone fast and intense changes in the last decades. Consumption is expanding at a hyperbolic rate. Technological innovation has bypassed some environmental problems, but it is hardly sufficient to solve them. As a result, understanding the factors related to people's behavior is imperative when finding a novel approach for intervention policies that can effectively alleviate environmental impacts caused by human activities. A promising alternative to designing waste prevention (WP) policies is to develop strategies to endure behavioral change through collective actions. This paper briefly reviews some WP status worldwide and highlights the possibility of using agent-based modeling and simulation (ABMS) to plan WP policies and programs. ABMS enables a more in-depth analysis since experiments with a large sample in real situations are financial, temporal, and social cost-demanding. Preliminary results show an influence of the social norm on the adoption of reusable bags by individuals with medium and lower pro-environmental motivations. Understanding these dynamics relations in which WP policy is embedded makes it possible to forecast future waste generation and composition scenarios. Also, a framework for planning WP with ABMS is proposed.
Freedom of Expression and Hate Speech: When Values Collide in Divided Societies
Authors: Villiers Bertus De
Published: December 2022

One of the thorniest issues in law, especially concerning the boundaries of what is reasonable and proportionate, is the distinction between freedom of expression and hate speech. Striking a balance between freedom of expression and hate speech is, however, not a mere exercise in theory; it goes to the core of respect of individual rights and freedoms. To one person, uttering speech pursuant to the right to free expression is essential for a free and open democratic society; whereas another person, offended by what they perceive as hatred, can experience such speech as an attack on their identity and self-worth, causing harm, fear and anxiety that deny their individual rights to equality, identity and dignity. This paper gives a brief overview of jurisprudential developments in international law concerning speech that may fall within the category of hate speech, whereafter two prominent South African judgments by the Equality Court are discussed. Those two judgments highlight the complexities in determining when speech can be regarded as hate speech; what test is applied to ascertain whether speech constitutes hate speech; what evidence is required for a finding to be made; and the effect of a declaratory order. The two judgments discussed, the Nelson Mandela Trust and Ors v. AfriForum and Ors (Old Flag case 2019) and the AfriForum and Economic Freedom Fighters and Ors (Kill the Boer Case 2022), attempted to determine the line that separates freedom of expression from hate speech. The judgments, perhaps not unexpectedly, have given rise to more questions than answers. The inconsistency in comparative jurisprudence reaffirms that the labelling of speech as hate speech should be reserved for the most extreme forms of speech; it should be proportionate to the speech, including who expressed it, where and when; and any declaration should only be directed at the specific incident and not restrict speech in general.
THE ANALYSIS OF ANTIDUMPING DUTIES IMPOSION AGAINST POLYESTER STAPLE FIBER COMMODITIES IMPORT VALUE
Authors: Fahrurrizal Muhammad , Nurcahyo Marsanto Adi
Published: December 2022

Dumping practices can damage the domestic product market because they are imported at lower prices. Indonesia has imposed antidumping measures on Polyester Staple Fiber (PSF) commodities since 2010 until now. This study aims to analyze the impact of long-term and short-term antidumping duties (BMAD) imposition on the import value of PSF commodities in Indonesia. This study was conducted using quantitative analysis methods with multiple linear regression testing model Error Correction Model (ECM). Based on the results of quantitative testing, in the long term the variable partially has a positive and significant effect on the import value of PSF commodities. Meanwhile, in the short term, BMAD variable partially has no effect on the value of PSF commodity imports from the target country. This shows that the imposition of antidumping duties does not directly have a restrictive effect on the import value of PSF commodities.
School Head’s Conflict Resolution Skills, Organizational School Climate, and Teacher Work Engagement in The New Normal: An Input to Principal and Teacher Development Program
Authors: Gomez Raymond D. , Yazon Alberto D. , Buenvinida Lerma P. , Tan Consorcia S. , Bandoy Marcial M.
Published: December 2022

This study determined the school head's conflict resolution skills, organizational school climate, and teachers' work engagement among public school principals and teachers in the City Schools Division in Laguna for the school year 2020-2021. One hundred twelve (112) public school principals and one thousand forty-eight (1048) teachers were the respondents of the study. The researchers utilized a descriptive correlation study design. It made use of adopted and modified questionnaires to assess and measure the variables studied. The statistical tools used to analyze the data gathered were: Mean, standard deviation, Pearson r, and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Findings revealed that conflict resolution skills and organizational school climate were relevant to teachers' work engagement. The results were used to determine the principal and teachers’ development program to be proposed to the School Divisions officials. The teachers' work engagement was related to the school heads' conflict resolution skills and organizational school climate. To ensure a more efficient teachers work engagement, school heads are encouraged to continue cultivating a culture of excellence in the school by exposing the teachers to relevant activities that may sustain the work engagement by means of exhibiting quality performance in teaching and learning. Also, supervisors should strengthen the performance of the teachers by providing the technical assistance needed to further improve their performance. Technical assistance should focus on curriculum delivery and the school's operation and management.
Keywords:   Conflict Resolution Skills; Development Program; New Normal; Organizational School Climate; Teacher Work Engagement.
Econometric Modelling of Financial Time Series
Authors: Lupekesa Chipasha Salome Bwalya , Tsoku Johannes Tshepiso , Metsileng Lebotsa Daniel
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the relationship between assets, capital, liabilities and liquidity in South Africa using the Johansen cointegration analysis and the GARCH model using times data for the period 02/2005 to 06/2018. The results obtained from the study suggests that the time series are integrated of order one, I(1). The findings from the Johansen cointegration test indicated that the variables have a long run cointegrating relationship. Furthermore, the results from the GARCH model revealed that the estimated model has statistically significant coefficients at 5% significance level. Additionally, results revealed that assets have a positive relationship with capital, liabilities and liquidity. This implies that a percentage increase in assets will result to a percentage increase in capital, liabilities and liquidity. The results also revealed that shocks decay quickly in the future and that the conditional variance is explosive. The diagnostic tests revealed that the estimated models show the characteristics of a well specified model. The recommendations for future studies were formulated.
Keywords:   ARCH model; Cointegration; Financial time series; GARCH model; VECM; Volatility
PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL DAN EKUITAS PERUSAHAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN REAL ESTATE AND CONSTRUCTION YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA
Authors: Muniroh Muniroh , Klaudia Sura
Published: December 2022

Profitabilitas merupakan kemampuan dalam memperoleh laba yang diukur menggunakan prosentase yang digunakan untuk menilai sejauh mana perusahaan mampu menghasilkan keuntungan. Profitabilitas mengukur kemampuan perusahaan menghasilkan keuntungan (profitabilitas) pada tingkat penjualan, aset, dan modal saham tertentu. Sektor industri Real Estate and Construction dipilih sebagai obyek penelitian, di mana bidang usaha ini berprospek cerah dan cukup menjanjikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh struktur modal dan ekuitas terhadap profitabilitas perusahaan pada sector industri Real Estate and Construction. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian explanatory research dengan pendekatan kuantitatif.Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh perusahaan Real Estate and Construction yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI). Teknik sampling dalam penelitian ini adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel 89 perusahaan Real Estate and Construction yang terdaftar di BEI. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur modal tidak berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas. Selanjutnya, Ekuitas berpengaruh secara parsial terhadap profitabilitas Berdasarkan nilai Standardized Coefficients Beta variabel menunjukkan struktur modal yang diukur berpengaruh lebih dominan terhadap profitabilitas pada perusahaan Real Estate and Construction yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia.
FEATURES OF LINEAR GROWTH AND DYNAMIC OF PHYTOMASS ACCUMULATION OF SIBERIAN FIR (ABIES SIBIRICA LEDEB.) UNDERGROWTH AT THE EARLY STAGES OF ONTOGENY
Authors:   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Davydychev A.N. , Egorova N.N. ,   Ufa Institute of Biology of the Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: December 2022

Studies of the features of linear growth and phytomass accumulation in the juvenile Siberian fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) were conducted in the area of the water protection forests of the Pavlovka reservoir (Ufa River, Ufa Plateau, PreUral). It is demonstrated that the fir undergrowth develops slowly during the early phases of ontogeny at both linear and weight indices. The fir undergrowth grows linearly faster and accumulates more phytomass because of the emergence of the first lateral shoot and the continued gradual increase in branching orders.
فاعلية الألفاظ في توجيهِ المعنى الشعري الطبيعة والزمن عند أبي الشمقمق (ت 200هـ) أنموذجاً
Authors: علي عبد الحسين البديري أ. م. د
Published: December 2022

لقد تميّزَ أبو الشمقمق (ت200هـ) بأنَّهُ من الشعراء المشهورين في العصر العباسي ، ومن خصال شعرهِ أنَّهُ عمدَ إلى توظيف الألفاظ بشكل بارعٍ في توجيهِ المعنى الشعري لاسيَّما في حقلي ( الطبيعةِ والزمن ) ، إذْ أخذتْ ألفاظ الطبيعة لا سيَّما الطبيعة المتحركة  مناحٍ شتى منها : الهجاء ؛ لتصوير الأوضاع الاجتماعية والاقتصادية والسياسية التي تمرُ بها البلادَ بصورة عامةٍ والشخصية بصورةٍ خاصةٍ ، وباب الوصف الذي جاء دقيقاً وفاعلاً في التوظيف اللفظي لهذا المعجم المهم والفاعل ، زيادة على غرضي الحكمة والمدح الذي أخذ فيهما مساحة أقل، أمَّا الزمن فقد ظهر عند أبي الشمقمق بوجهين هما : باب التفاؤل وباب التشاؤم ، وقد أجاد الشاعر فيهما أيَّما إجادة لنقل خلجاتهِ الداخلية ومشاعرهِ الجيَّاشة سلباً وإيجاباً  .
Assessment of English Language Problems in E-Learning During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Rajaa Hamid Salih Lect.
Published: December 2022

This study aimed to assess English problems in e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the e-learning system, the necessary data were collected through a fixed-factor questionnaire (0.804) and applied to the study sample. As a result of the study, the sample assessment of the effectiveness of assessing English problems in e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic was average from their point of view. The region assessment of e-learning was average, with researchers’ recommending and training courses on barriers to the use of e-learning in English language education in Iraqi schools or universities, teacher's interaction with e-learning, and students' interaction in the use of e-learning. E-learning helps teachers and students remove all barriers to the use of e-learning systems and the need to combine direct and e-learning in future Iraqi universities and schools. This study aims to evaluate English language problems in e-learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraqi schools in Baghdad. To achieve the aim of this study, it is believed that Iraqi English teachers face various problems in e-learning of English. To test this hypothesis, a 15-point questionnaire was completed and distributed to Iraqi English language teachers at Iraqi schools in Baghdad.
Actualization of Translations of Works by Representatives of Russian Literature xix – xx Centuries in the Territory of the Arab State Based on the Works of M. Gorky, A.P. Chekhov, L. M. Tolstoy, A. A. Blok
Authors: Mohammed Kadhim Hasson Lect. Drr.
Published: December 2022

The article deals with the actualization of translations of Russian literature representatives in XIX-XX centuries on the territory of the Arab states; special attention is focused on the positive dynamics of the interaction between, on the one hand, the Russian literature , and on the other hand, Arabic literature in the context of the history of cultural, linguistic and other relations between the Russian Federation and several Arab states; based on works of M. Gorky, A. P. Chekhov, L. N. Tolstoy, A. A. Blok,  proved special importance of their work on the territory of the Arab states.The importance of translating the works of these writers and others is reflected in the unprecedented demand for foreign literature among Arab writers, readers, and critics alike. This helped to make Arabic literature, like the Russian literature, interesting not only locally, but also internationally, which helped it to integrate into the world literary arena.Interest in Russian literature began in the year of the 1905 revolution and the subsequent political and revolutionary events that followed. The translation of the works of Russian writers began at the end of the nineteenth century and the beginning of the twentieth century. It became a door through which Arabs learned about Russian literature and its writers. It should be noted that the first literary translation into the Arabic language appeared in Saint Petersburg in 1863.
الطرق المورفومترية في تقدير مخاطر السيول / حوض وادي الثرثار دراسة حالة
Authors: صهيب حسن خضر أ.م. د.
Published: December 2022

تم اعتماد الطرق المورفومترية الثلاث (الشامي، الرتب المورفومتري ودرجة الخطورة ) لتقدير مخاطر السيول في حوض وادي الثرثار بمساحتها (6767.07) كم2 وشملت الدراسة (17) متغيرا مورفومتريا تعبر عن الخصائص الهندسية والطبوغرافية والشكلية وخصائص الشبكة التصريفية للحوض المائي، وتم تطبيق الطرق على الاحواض الثانوية الفعالة هيدرولوجيا في الحوض الرئيس (الرتبة 4، 5 و6 ) والبالغة (25) حوضا. من خلال النتائج تبين ان الاحواض تتفاوت في درجة احتمالات الخطورة وحسب الطرق المستخدمة، حيث ان في طريقة الشامي ووفقا للعلاقة بين نسب التشعب (BR) والكثافة التصريفية (Dd) (15 حوض متوسطة الخطورة (C)، 9 احواض منخفضة الخطورة (A)، حوض واحد عالي الخطورة (B))، ووفقا للعلاقة بين نسب التشعب (BR) وتكرارية المجاري (FS) (16 حوض متوسطة الخطورة (C)، 9 احواض منخفضة الخطورة (A))، بينما في طريقة الرتب المورفومترية (13 حوض منخفضة الخطورة، 11 متوسطة الخطورة وحوض واحد عالي الخطورة)، اما في طريقة درجة المخاطر(19 حوض منخفضة ومنخفضة جدا، 4 متوسطة الخطورة و 2 حوض عالية وعالية جدا.
المغامرة في روايات البحر قراءة في روايات حنا مينه (الشراع والعاصفة، حكاية بحار، الدقل، المرفأ البعيد)
Authors: سمير ذياب سلمان البديري الباحث
Published: December 2022

الحدث هو المحرك الروائي الرئيس، الذي ينقل المتميز والمختلف ويحمل معطيات الاثارة التي ترتبط بالتشويق والتوتر، وأحداث البحر من أهم الأحداث التي رافقت حنا مينه في رواياته، فظهرت في الحدث الروائي، مغامرات البحر وأحداث الرحلات البحرية، التي أخذت امتدادها من بيئة الكاتب التي عاش فيها، وكانت المغامرات البحرية حاضرةً في كثير من الروايات، التي جُير موضوعها للبحر وما يحصل فيه، فكانت موضوعاتها خالصة للبحر وأحداثه التي حملت المغامرات المختلفة بين جنباتها، والبعض الآخر جاء البحر فيها ثيمة مرافقة لموضوعها الرئيس، وبين هذا وذاك عرض الروائي أحداث البحر التي حملت الجديد والمختلف عن طريق تجربة سردية خالصة مزجت الواقع بالمتخيل وتغلغلت في عالم البحر وأحداثه.
البنية السردية في قصة(أليس في بلاد العجائب) لـلويس كارول ت1898_ دراسة تحليلية
Authors: حوراء منعم سلمان المكصوصي م.م.
Published: December 2022

ان طبيعة الإنسان يميل لكل ما هو جميل وممتع لنفسه وان الفن والادب بالخصوص هو يعبر عما بداخله لأنه يحاكي طبيعة هذا الانسان ولأنه المتنفس الوحيد لديه ويكون بصور مختلفة منها الكتابة والكلام وغيرهم  فمن اهم الفنون التي كانت ولا زالت تحظى باهتمام الطفل هو فن القصة القصيرة فهذا الفن اقرب الى نفس الطفل وذلك بسبب سيطرة القصة على عقله واهتمامه وايضا وجود لشخصيات التي تكون مشابهه اليه وكثيرا ما نلاحظ الطفل يقلدها ويحاكي تلك الشخصيات فهي تنمي من افكاره وتشبع رغباته وميوله ومن هذا يكون فن السرد اما سردا لرواية او سردا لقصة وهنا اتخذت على وجه التحديد السرد في القصة اي السرد القصصي لان هذا الجنس يحمل مشاعر وكوامن النفس الإنسانية التي كثيرا ما قوبلت بالحرمان لذا اتخذت من قصص الاطفال موضوعا للدراسة وقد بيننا هنا علم السرد نشأته ومفهومه بشيء من الإيجاز والبحث كان بصيغة عناوين وليس مباحث وعرفت قصة وكاتبها الذي هو لويس كارول وآليس التي كتب عنها القصة ثم تقنيات السردية الموجودة مع بعض النصوص المختارة من القصة ومن هذه التقنيات السردية المكان والزمان و الاسترجاع والاستباق والمشهد والوقفة.
قضايا المرأة ومشكلاتها الاجتماعية في مناقشات مجلس النواب العراقي 1925-1958
Authors: علي وليد ناصر م.م.
Published: December 2022

بعد تأسيس الحكومة العراقية وظهور المؤسسات البرلمانية في العراق نال موضوع قضايا المرأة ومشكلاتها الاجتماعية اهتماماً كبيراً وواسع في مناقشات مجلس النواب, إذ نجد ان معظم النواب لم يتركوا اي فرصة الا واستغلوها ليؤكدوا ان المرأة هي نصف المجتمع ,وان الاهتمام بها والحفاظ عليها يعني الحفاظ على المجتمع وتطوره؛ لذلك فقد استعرضوا كل شاردة وواردة في هذا الموضوع ,واتسمت مناقشات اعضاء مجلس النواب بالجرأة والصراحة في اغلب احاديثهم التي دارت حول موضوع الدراسة ,وتمكنوا من تقديم مقتراحات مهمة تسهم في رقي  المرأة بشتى الميادين .
Metode identifikasi kebutuhan konsumen ( consumer Needs )
Authors: Ningsih Mulyasari
Published: December 2022

Cv nurfitri mandiri bekerja di bidang kecantikan. memiliki produk kecantikan yang dapat membantu menyembuhkan kulit berjerawat dan mencerahkan, dan juga mempunyai klinik kecantikan. bisnis yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan masyarakat.
An examination of independent directors in Vietnam
Authors: Nguyen Thi Tuyet Mai
Published: December 2022

Vietnam is a transition economy in the Southeast Asia and corporate governance in this country has been newly established after transition process in 1986. Similar to many other developing and emerging economies, Vietnam has weak external governance mechanisms, thus independent director becomes a critical element in corporate governance system as an internal governance mechanism. Further, Vietnam is also a transition economy which has a highly concentrated ownership structure with the dominance of the State as the largest controlling shareholder which may complicate the work of independent directors. Therefore, it is unclear how independent directors contributes to corporate governance and firm performance in a transition economy as Vietnam. Vietnam only releases a new Corporate Governance Code in 2012 which for the first time introduces the notion of independent directors in corporate governance with the requirement that listed companies need to maintain a certain level of independent directors on the board. There is lack of research to examine the function of independent directors in corporate governance in this country. Taking into account the importance as well as the recent adoption of independent director in corporate governance in Vietnam – a transition economy, the thesis examines this type of director from three aspects in three research papers.
KOMUNIKIASI VIRAL BU TEJO SEBAGAI SALAH SATU BENTUK CONSUMER COMMUNICATION PT GARUDAFOOD PUTRA PUTRI JAYA TBK
Authors: Fadhilah Elfa Nur
Published: December 2022

Perkembangan zaman dan kemajuan teknologi semakin membuat gaya hidup, pola pikir, sikap dan perilaku masyarakat Indonesia ikut berubah dan semakin maju, khususnya di bidang pemasaran. Kecanggihan teknologi, terutama teknologi komunikasi juga sekaligus membuat persaingan bisnis menjadi sangat tajam, baik di pasar domestik maupun pasar internasional, untuk dapat merebut pelanggannya. Saat ini masyarakat semakin pintar dan selektif dalam membeli sebuah produk. Berbagai produk ditawarkan kepada masyarakat mulai dari kebutuhan primer, sekunder dan tersier. Dengan kemajuan masyarakat terutama dari segi perekonomian maka pendapatan mereka semakin bertambah sehingga kebutuhan mereka pun sudah pasti berbeda-beda, semua itu dibuktikan dengan semakin banyaknya produk-produk yang beredar dipasaran.
ANALISIS PERILAKU KONSUMEN (CUSTOMER BEHAVIOR) DALAM MEMUTUSKAN PEMBELIAN PRODUK ZALIA HIJAB
Authors: Padilah Agis Rizki
Published: December 2022

Dengan berkembangnya zaman, kini semakin banyak atau mulai meningkatnya masyarakat muslim yang mengenakan pakaian syar’i (menutup auratnya). Di samping perkembangan zaman kebutuhan akan sebuah keinginan untuk mengkonsumsi suatu produk dengan cara yang berbeda-beda. Dalam menentukan keputusan-keputusan seseorang untuk membeli suatu produk akan mempertimbangkan mulai dari segi nilai hingga kepuasan yang didapatkan dalam mengkonsumsinya. Untuk memperlihatkan adanya interaksi antara pemasar dan konsumen, dapat diperlihatkan dalam membuat keputusan dari seorang konsumen dengan merasakan barang atau mengevaluasi dari merek produk, setelah itu dapat dipertimbangkan apakah merek tersebut dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dari para konsumen tersebut atau tidak, dan yang terakhir yaitu memutuskan merek antara membeli atau tidak. Dalam proses mengevaluasi setelah pembelian merek produk berpengaruh pada perilaku terjadinya perbandingan apakah produk yang dibelinya sesuai dengan produk yang pernah dibelinya atau tidak. Jika tidak sesuai dengan produk yang pernah dibelinya dulu, maka konsumen akan mencari informasi sesuai produk yang pernah dibeli dan konsumen akan kembali membeli produk yang pernah dibelinya. Konsumen tidak akan mencari informasi yang tidak menguatkan dengan barang yang pernah dibelinya
Multi-Fold Universe Dark Matter Effects Survive Low-Mass Galaxies with Dark Matter Deficits and Excesses
Authors: Maes Stephane
Published: December 2022

In a multi-fold universe, gravity emerges from entanglement through the multi-fold mechanisms. As a result, gravity-like effects appear in-between entangled particles or regions. No New Physics is introduced in terms of new particles beyond the Standard Model or modifying long range gravity: only the modeling of gravity as emerging from entanglement, in a multi-fold universe.The observations of the existence of low mass galaxies, with excess of dark matter, in some cases, and with deficits in dark matters in others, were presented as proof that dark matter exists as cold dark matter. This paper shows that multi-fold dark matter effects of entanglement can explain the observations and are not in any ways weakened. Of course, it is to be added with the other examples, where our models explain dark matter, and galaxy behaviors, better than conventional explanations, and without requiring New Physics.
Riset Pemasaran Pada Keripik Tahu
Authors: CAHYADI
Published: December 2022

Aneka olahan berbahan baku kacang kedelai disuatu daerah melalui penerapan teknologi tepat guna, memungkinkan masyarakat untuk memilih dan mengkonsumsi pangan yang semakin beragam. Hal ini dapat mendukung ketahanan pangan, kecukupan gizi bagi masyarakat serta membuka peluang berwirausaha. Salah satu olahan kedelai yang di gemari oleh masyarakat yaitu tahu. Tahu merupakan makanan yang berasal dari Cina yang pertama kali ditemukan oleh Liu An pada tahun 164 SM. Tahu mempunyai rasa segar, berwarna putih atau kuning (jika diberi warna) dengan tekstur lembut dan lembek serta mempunyai daya cerna yang tinggi (Rukmana dan Herdi, 2014: 124)Menurut Sarwono dan Saragih (2001: 5), tahu diperdagangkan dengan berbagai variasi bentuk, ukuran dan nama. Selain tahu putih atau tahu biasa, di pasar juga dikenal berbagai tahu komersial yang memiliki nama dan berciri khas, misalnya tahu Sumedang, tahu Bandung, tahu Cina, tahu kuning, tahu takwa, maupun tahu sutera.
PERKEMBANGAN RISET PASAR DAN DASAR MANAJEMEN PADA PERUSAHAAN MYRUBYLICIOUS INDONESIA
Authors: Rianti Herisma
Published: December 2022

Berdasarkan uraian pada pendahuluan dan pembahasan riset pasar dan dasar manajemen perusahaan Myrubylicious Indonesia yang bergerak di bidang fashion. Perkembangan teknologi dan dasar manajemen mengenai rencana juga organisasi yang di lakukan sangatlah penting bagi proses meningkatknya potensi perkembangan usaha yang berjalan.Dan berjalannya suatu bisnis yang dimana harus kita lihat perihal riset pemasaran itu sendiri sangat menjadi tumpuan untuk dapat melihat sebuah grafik pembeli atau customer yang dapat kita lihat bagaimana perkembangannya, untuk tetap ada dan menjadi konsumen tetap dengan terus di fokuskan kepada hal hal penting untuk mempertahankan konsep, pemasaran, dan organisasi pada perusahaan tersebut.Kinerja dan focus yang benar jika berjalan dengan sesuai tujuan maka akan menghasilkan sebuah potensi pada perkembangan usaha yang dimiliki, akan terlihat perkembangan juga kemajuan yang dapat dirasakan oleh konsumen, bahkan pekerja itu sendiri jika semua sudah atau dapat kita tata dengan benar mengenai dasar manajemennya juga memperhatikan riset pasar yang ada saat ini apalagi dengan era masa kini , dimana teknologi pasar yang terus maju dan berkembang membuat perusahaan harus terus mengikuti zaman dan terus update