bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bi2S3 for Aqueous Zn Ion Battery with Enhanced Cycle Stability
Authors: Xiong Ting , Wang Yinming , Yin Bosi , Shi Wen , Lee Wee Siang Vincent , Xue Junmin
Published: December 2019

Aqueous Zn ion batteries (ZIBs) are promising in energy storage due to the low cost, high safety, and material abundance. The development of metal oxides as the cathode for ZIBs is limited by the strong electrostatic forces between O2− and Zn2+ which leads to poor cyclic stability. Herein, Bi2S3 is proposed as a promising cathode material for rechargeable aqueous ZIBs. Improved cyclic stability and fast diffusion of Zn2+ is observed. Also, the layered structure of Bi2S3 with the weak van der Waals interaction between layers offers paths for diffusion and occupancy of Zn2+. As a result, the Zn/Bi2S3 battery delivers high capacity of 161 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1 and good cycling stability up to 100 cycles with ca. 100% retention. The battery also demonstrates good cyclic performance of ca. 80.3% over 2000 cycles at 1 A g−1. The storage mechanism in the Bi2S3 cathode is related to the reversible Zn ion intercalation/extraction reactions and the capacitive contribution. This work indicates that Bi2S3 shows great potential as the cathode of ZIBs with good performance and stability.
Field assessment of a safe sleep instrument using smartphone technology
Authors: Nabaweesi Rosemary , Whiteside-Mansell Leanne , Mullins Samantha H. , Rettiganti Mallikarjuna R. , Aitken Mary E.
Published: December 2019

Introduction:

Sudden unexpected infant death is the leading cause of infant mortality with black: white infant mortality remaining at 2:1 for the last decade. Smartphone technology provides a convenient and accessible tool for injury prevention anticipatory guidance among at-risk communities.

Materials and Methods:

A convenience sample of pregnant teen mothers who own a smartphone. During a 1-month postnatal home visit, a safe sleep environment survey was administered, infant sleep practices were observed, and mothers trained to take and submit standard infants’ sleep environment photographs. Photographs were independently assessed for inter-rater reliability (IRR) across five sleep safety domains (primary outcome): sleep location, surface, position, presence of soft items, and hazards near the sleep area. Expert and novice coders IRR was measured using Cohen’s kappa coefficient (K). Sleep safety correlation between photographs and observation, and parent report and observation was determined.

Results:

Sixteen (57.1%) mothers completed the home visit. Most parents reported infants sleeping supine (78.5) in parents’ bedroom (85.9%). Photographs demonstrated sleep position, soft items without the baby present, and hanging toys had perfect agreement across all three coder pairs. Safe sleep experts’ IRR demonstrated perfect agreement for sleep location, position, and soft items. While 83.8% of parents were observed putting their infants down to sleep on their back, 78.5% of parents reported doing the same and 82.4% of the photographs demonstrated supine infant sleep position.

Conclusion:

Using photographs, coders can reliably categorize some key infant sleep safety aspects, and photograph sleep safety is comparable to parent report and direct observation.
FROM LAW TO DHARMA: STATE LAW AND SACRED DUTY IN ANCIENT INDIA
Authors: McClish Mark
Published: December 2019

The legal treatises of ancient India, called Dharmaśāstras, are often read as records of the initial emergence of law from religion in South Asia. The Dharmaśāstras teach the dharma, or “sacred duty,” of different members of society. It is one of the dharmas of the king to adjudicate disputes that come before his courts, and it is widely accepted that a need to articulate the king's dharma led the composers of the Dharmaśāstras over time to fashion rules for state courts, a body of law called vyavahāra. Scholars such as Henry Sumner Maine and Max Weber saw in the Dharmaśāstras evidence of the disentanglement and rationalization of law, respectively. A close examination of our sources, however, shows that the law of royal courts emerged not within the Dharmaśāstra tradition, but within an adjacent and decidedly more secular tradition of statecraft. It was gradually absorbed into Dharmaśāstra texts, where it was reconfigured as sacred duty and its historical origins were obscured. This article argues that the early history of state law in India is best described, therefore, not as a transition from dharma to law, but as a transition from law to dharma.
An interprofessional perspective on healthcare work: physicians and nurses co-constructing identities and spaces of action
Authors: Lokatt Erika , Holgersson Charlotte , Lindgren Monica , Packendorff Johann , Hagander Louise
Published: December 2019

In this article we develop a theoretical perspective of how professional identities in multi-professional organisational settings are co-constructed in daily interactions. The research reported here is located in a healthcare context where overlapping knowledge bases, unclear divisions of responsibilities, and an increased managerialist emphasis on teamwork make interprofessional boundaries in healthcare operations more complex and blurred than ever. We thereby build on a research tradition that recognises the healthcare sector as a negotiated order, specifically studying how professional identities are invoked, constructed, and re-constructed in everyday work interactions. The perspective is employed in an analysis of qualitative data from interviews and participant observation at a large Swedish hospital, in which we find three main processes in the construction of space of action: hierarchical, inclusive, and pseudo-inclusive. In most of the interactions, existing inter-professional divides and power relations are sustained, preventing developments towards integrated interprofessional teamwork.
Temporal Inflection Points in Decorated Pottery: A Bayesian Refinement of the Late Formative Chronology in the Southern Lake Titicaca Basin, Bolivia
Authors: Marsh Erik J. , Roddick Andrew P. , Bruno Maria C. , Smith Scott C. , Janusek John W. , Hastorf Christine A.
Published: December 2019

The Late Formative period immediately precedes the emergence of Tiwanaku, one of the earliest South American states, yet it is one of the most poorly understood periods in the southern Lake Titicaca Basin (Bolivia). In this article, we refine the ceramic chronology of this period with large sets of dates from eight sites, focusing on temporal inflection points in decorated ceramic styles. These points, estimated here by Bayesian models, index specific moments of change: (1)cal AD 120(60–170, 95% probability): the first deposition of Kalasasaya red-rimmed and zonally incised styles; (2)cal AD 240(190–340, 95% probability): a tentative estimate of the final deposition of Kalasasaya zonally incised vessels; (3)cal AD 420(380–470, 95% probability): the final deposition of Kalasasaya red-rimmed vessels; and (4)cal AD 590(500–660, 95% probability): the first deposition of Tiwanaku Redwares. These four modeled boundaries anchor an updated Late Formative chronology, which includes the Initial Late Formative phase, a newly identified decorative hiatus between the Middle and Late Formative periods. The models place Qeya and transitional vessels between inflection points 3 and 4 based on regionally consistent stratigraphic sequences. This more precise chronology will enable researchers to explore the trajectories of other contemporary shifts during this crucial period in Lake Titicaca Basin's prehistory.
‘To Awaken the Medical and Hygienic Conscience of the People’: Cultivating Enlightened Citizenship through Free Public Healthcare in Haiti from 1915–34
Authors: Reichardt Elliott M.
Published: December 2019

This paper addresses the relative scholarly oversight of the history of public health in Haiti through a close examination of the colonial public health system constructed and operated by the United States (US) during its occupation of Haiti from 1915 to 1934. More than simply documenting a neglected aspect of Caribbean history, the paper offers the US occupation of Haiti as a remarkably clear example of a failed attempt to use a free public health service to cultivate a health conscientiousness among the Haitian citizenry through the aggressive treatment of highly visible ailments such as cataracts and yaws. I argue that the US occupation viewed the success of the Haitian Public Health Service as critical to the generation of a taxable, compliant and trusting citizenry that the colonial state could enter into a contract with. This idealistic programme envisioned by the US occupation was marred by financial mismanagement, racism, delusions of grandeur and contempt for Haitian physicians that resulted in the production of a far more precarious public health service and administrative state than the US occupation had hoped. By the time the Great Depression arrived in 1930 the Haitian Public Health Service was gutted and privatised, having successfully provided the majority of Haitians with free healthcare, yet failed to have persuaded them of the value of being governed by a centralised administrative state.
ON THE CLASSIFICATION BY MORIMOTO AND NAGANO
Authors: ISAEV ALEXANDER
Published: December 2019

We consider a family $M_{t}^{3}$, with $t>1$, of real hypersurfaces in a complex affine three-dimensional quadric arising in connection with the classification of homogeneous compact simply connected real-analytic hypersurfaces in $\mathbb{C}^{n}$ due to Morimoto and Nagano. To finalize their classification, one needs to resolve the problem of the Cauchy–Riemann (CR)-embeddability of $M_{t}^{3}$ in $\mathbb{C}^{3}$. In our earlier article, we showed that $M_{t}^{3}$ is CR-embeddable in $\mathbb{C}^{3}$ for all $1<t<\sqrt{(2+\sqrt{2})/3}$. In the present paper, we prove that $M_{t}^{3}$ can be immersed in $\mathbb{C}^{3}$ for every $t>1$ by means of a polynomial map. In addition, one of the immersions that we construct helps simplify the proof of the above CR-embeddability theorem and extend it to the larger parameter range $1<t<\sqrt{5}/2$.
Maps of Life and Abjection: Reportage, Photography, and Literature in Postwar Seoul
Authors: Chung Jae Won Edward
Published: December 2019

The collapse of the Japanese empire unleashed in the streets of Seoul new everyday epistemologies and affects closely tied to evolving relationships across media. This article analyzes how reportage, photography, and literature in post-liberation and post-Korean War South Korea synergistically addressed pressing postcolonial and neocolonial questions, the weight of which could be felt in the realm of daily life: What does liberation look like in the marketplace? How should we make sense of the foreign military presence in Seoul after the Korean War? What are the effects of foreign consumer goods on the minds and bodies of the people and the nation's sovereignty? The article shows how South Korean cultural actors responded to the increasing commodification of everyday life by bringing critical attention to the uneasy relationship between the body, foreign commodity-signs, and artifacts of mass visuality. These intermedial accounts succeeded in linking the granular experiences of everyday life to larger historical and geopolitical forces and making visible how the encroachment of mass media products and commodity-signs were transforming the very means by which the everyday could be represented.
Karlheinz Stockhausen, aus LICHT, Holland Festival, 31 May–10 June 2019.
Authors: Erwin Max
Published: December 2019

Why Karl Heinz [sic] Stockhausen entitled his music for oboe, bass clarinet, piano, and four percussionists Kreuzspiel is incomprehensible. Following a system of ‘static music’, the indefensibleness of which Theodor Adorno already demonstrated the previous year to its Flemish inventor, the sound of the piece goes far beyond that which we have been accustomed to call music. That he finds a few devotees to celebrate his work … doesn't change things a jot. Every idea finds its prophets. And its sect.

Albert Rodemann, Darmstädter Tagblatt, 23 July 1952.Quoted and translated in Martin Iddon, New Music at Darmstadt, 84–85.

In February 1971, so the story goes, a barefooted figure with a wizard's staff handed Karlheinz Stockhausen a copy of the Urantia Book, a dense, hugely esoteric text describing the spiritual place of mankind in the universe through chapters like ‘Socializing Influence of Ghost Fear’. Most people would probably have politely thanked the figure and then escaped as quickly as possible, but this is Stockhausen we're talking about, so he devoted the rest of his life to transforming Urantia into ‘music, libretto, dance, actions and movements’, as the programme to aus LICHT credits him.
FAREY SEQUENCES MAP PLAYABLE NODES ON A STRING
Authors: Nicholson Thomas , Sabat Marc
Published: December 2019

Natural harmonics, i.e. partials and their harmonic series, may be isolated on a vibrating string by lightly touching specific points along its length. In addition to the two endpoints, stationary nodes for a given partial n present themselves at n − 1 locations along the string, dividing it into n parts of equal length. It is not the case, however, that touching any one of these nodes will necessarily isolate the nth partial and its integer multiples. The subset of nodes that will activate the nth partial (termed playable nodes by the authors) may be derived by following a mathematically predictable pattern described by so-called Farey sequences. The authors derive properties of these sequences and connect them to physical phenomena. This article describes various musical applications: locating single natural harmonics, forming melodies of neighbouring harmonics, sounding multiphonic aggregates, as well as predicting the relative tuneability of just intervals.
Preliminary indications that the Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-up Intervention alters DNA methylation in maltreated children
Authors: Hoye Julie R. , Cheishvili David , Yarger Heather A. , Roth Tania L. , Szyf Moshe , Dozier Mary
Published: December 2019

Maltreatment during development is associated with epigenetic changes to the genome. Enhancing caregiving may mitigate these effects. Attachment and Biobehavioral Catch-Up (ABC) is an intervention that has been shown to improve parent–child relationships and a variety of biological and behavioral outcomes among children that are involved in Child Protective Services. This preliminary study, using a small sample size, explored whether children who received ABC exhibit different methylation patterns than those who received a control intervention. The participants included 23 children aged 6–21 months who were randomized to receive ABC (n = 12) or a control intervention (n = 11). While the children displayed similar methylation patterns preintervention, DNA methylation varied between the ABC and control groups at 14,828 sites postintervention. Functional pathway analyses indicated that these differences were associated with gene pathways that are involved in cell signaling, metabolism, and neuronal development. This study is one of the first to explore parenting intervention effects on children's DNA methylation at the whole genome level in infancy. These preliminary findings provide a basis for hypothesis generation in further research with larger-scale studies regarding the malleability of epigenetic states that are associated with maltreatment.
Psychische Gesundheitskompetenz am Arbeitsplatz
Authors: Wulf Ines Catharina , Ruhle Sascha Alexander
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung. Das Mental Health Literacy tool for the Workplace (MHL-W; Moll, Zanhour, Patten, Stuart & MacDermid, 2017 ) ist ein vignettenbasiertes Instrument mit 16 Items zur Messung psychischer Gesundheitskompetenz im Arbeitskontext. Nach der Übersetzung ins Deutsche sowie einer Anpassung der Vignetten anhand einer qualitativen Expertenbefragung, wurde das MHL-W-G an zwei deutschsprachigen Stichproben mit 122 Studierenden sowie 317 Berufstätigen hinsichtlich Reliabilität, Konstruktvalidität, Messinvarianz, Geschlechtereffekte und Faktorstruktur analysiert. Erstmalig wurde die Faktorenstruktur (EFA/CFA) des MHL-W-G untersucht: Im Gegensatz zu dem von Moll et al. (2017) ursprünglich angenommenen einfaktoriellen Modell zeigte ein Modell zweiter Ordnung eine deutlich bessere Passung. Weiterführende Analysen ergaben gute interne Konsistenzen und Intraklassenkorrelationen. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf Messinvarianz des MHL-W-G unabhängig vom Geschlecht hin. Insgesamt lassen die psychometrischen Eigenschaften den Schluss zu, dass mithilfe des MHL-W-G psychische Gesundheitskompetenz am Arbeitsplatz reliabel und valide erfasst werden kann.
Psychometrische Eigenschaften der deutschsprachigen Version des Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire
Authors: Pruessner Luise , Holt Daniel V. , Gölz Ruben , Sevcenko Natalia , Hofmann Stefan G. , Backenstrass Matthias
Published: December 2019

Zusammenfassung. Prozessen der Emotionsregulation wird in den letzten Jahren im Rahmen psychologischer Forschung große Bedeutung beigemessen. Während im Kontext dieser Forschung mehrere Fragebogen zur Erhebung von intrapersonellen Emotionsregulationsprozessen entwickelt und validiert wurden, gibt es nur wenige Messinstrumente zur Erfassung von Emotionsregulation in interpersonellen Kontexten. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde deshalb eine deutschsprachige Version des Interpersonal Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (IERQ) von Hofmann, Carpenter und Curtiss (2016) entwickelt und in 2 Stichproben mit N = 206 und N = 729 Probanden im Hinblick auf ihre psychometrischen Eigenschaften untersucht. Faktorenanalytisch konnte die dimensionale Struktur des englischsprachigen IERQ mit 4 Faktoren bestätigt werden. Cronbachs α-Werte lagen für die 4 ermittelten Skalen zwischen .81 und .91, für die Retest-Reliabilitäten ergaben sich Werte zwischen .72 und .74. Hinsichtlich der Validität zeigten sich sehr ähnliche Zusammenhänge zu Maßen der intrapersonellen Emotionsregulation, wie sie mit der Originalversion ermittelt wurden. In Bezug zu anderen Konstrukten wie z. B. Depressivität wichen die hier erhobenen Korrelationen von der englischsprachigen Version ab. Weitere Analysen zur konvergenten und diskriminanten Validität bestätigten jedoch die Güte des Instrumentes, sodass bei der deutschen Version des IERQ von einem reliablen und validen Instrument zur Erfassung Interpersoneller Emotionsregulation auszugehen ist.
Effects of the Sea Surface Roughness and Sea Spray‐Induced Flux Parameterization on the Simulations of a Tropical Cyclone
Authors: Prakash Kumar Ravi , Pant Vimlesh , Nigam Tanuja
Published: December 2019

A tropical cyclone (TC) interacts with the ocean through the interchange of surface fluxes of heat and momentum at the air‐sea interface. The sustainability and intensification of TCs are maintained by the enhancement in the latent heat flux in the high wind speed regime. An accurate calculation of heat fluxes is vital to understand the dynamics of the TC. The sea surface roughness is a crucial parameter that modulates the air‐sea fluxes. A coupled ocean‐atmosphere‐wave model is used to simulate TC Vardah over the Bay of Bengal during 10–15 December 2016. The study focuses on the influence of sea surface roughness on the heat fluxes, track, and intensity of TC Vardah. Four numerical experiments are performed with different parameterization schemes for surface roughness on the basis of (i) frictional velocity (Charnock), (ii) wave age, (iii) wave steepness, and (iv) a combination of wave steepness and wave age. A change in ocean surface roughness results in the modification of the cyclone track and heat fluxes. However, the effect of sea spray on the simulation of wind intensity of TC Vardah is only marginal. Out of the four experiments, the wave age‐based roughness parameterization was found to improve cyclone track, wind, and, hence, the generation of wind waves on the sea surface. In the case study of TC Vardah, the dynamic sea spray reduces surface wind speed up to 1.5 m/s which is within the uncertainty range of the model. An intercomparison of model experiments reveals the impact of surface heat fluxes on the TC Vardha characteristics.
Kinematic Analyses and Radiometric Dating of the Large‐Scale Paleogene Two‐Phase Faulting Along the Median Tectonic Line, Southwest Japan
Authors: Kubota Y. , Takeshita T. , Yagi K. , Itaya T.
Published: December 2019

The Median Tectonic Line (MTL) in Southwest Japan, a major east‐west trending arc‐parallel fault, has been defined as the boundary fault between the Cretaceous Sambagawa metamorphic rocks and the Ryoke granitic and metamorphic rocks, which are unconformably covered by the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group. Based on the detailed fieldwork and microstructural studies of fault rocks, we reconstruct the kinematic history along the MTL during the Paleogene, which can be divided into the Ichinokawa and pre‐Tobe phases. While the Ichinokawa phase is defined by large‐scale, top‐to‐the‐north normal faulting, the pre‐Tobe phase is represented by large‐scale, high‐angle right‐stepping en échelon faults almost parallel to the MTL in the Upper Cretaceous Izumi Group. We found that left‐handed en échelon folds have developed along the right‐stepping faults, which contain 25–60 m wide cataclasite and fault gouge. Both map scale en échelon folds and microstructures (e.g., composite planar structures) in the fault rocks suggest that they were formed by sinistral‐reverse faulting with top‐to‐the‐SW kinematics. Furthermore, based on the new K‐Ar age dating of authigenic illite from the fault gouge along the MTL and right‐stepping faults, it can be concluded that the MTL was activated in two discrete stages at approximately 59 Ma (Ichinokawa phase) and 47–46 Ma (pre‐Tobe phase). Based on these results, we reappraise the kinematic framework of the MTL in the Paleogene, which can be interpreted as the record of the movements of the subducting oceanic plate relative to the continental plate.
Sources and Radiative Absorption of Water‐Soluble Brown Carbon in the High Arctic Atmosphere
Authors: Yue Siyao , Bikkina Srinivas , Gao Meng , Barrie Leonard A. , Kawamura Kimitaka , Fu Pingqing
Published: December 2019

Brown carbon (BrC) is a source of light‐absorbing aerosols. The Arctic is more sensitive to emissions of light‐absorbing aerosols than lower latitudes. Knowledge of BrC in a historical period is beneficial to understand its role in a changing climate. Here, we present measurement of water‐soluble BrC (WS‐BrC) for the Arctic aerosols during late winter‐late spring in 1991. Mass absorption coefficient (0.07 ± 0.04 M/m) and efficiency (0.41 ± 0.21 m2/g) at 365 nm of WS‐BrC were lower than those in polluted urban and rural regions. WS‐BrC was mainly from biomass burning/combustion (dark winter to mid‐March) and marine sources connected with photochemical gas to particle conversion (after polar sunrise to June). Solar radiative absorption of WS‐BrC relative to elemental carbon was 5% on average in February to April and surged to 34% after mid‐May. This study helps in understanding the role of BrC in the Arctic climate.
Geometry and Topology of Estuary and Braided River Channel Networks Automatically Extracted From Topographic Data
Authors: Hiatt Matthew , Sonke Willem , Addink Elisabeth A. , van Dijk Wout M. , van Kreveld Marc , Ophelders Tim , Verbeek Kevin , Vlaming Joyce , Speckmann Bettina , Kleinhans Maarten G.
Published: December 2019

Automatic extraction of channel networks from topography in systems with multiple interconnected channels, like braided rivers and estuaries, remains a major challenge in hydrology and geomorphology. Representing channelized systems as networks provides a mathematical framework for analyzing transport and geomorphology. In this paper, we introduce a mathematically rigorous methodology and software for extracting channel network topology and geometry from digital elevation models (DEMs) and analyze such channel networks in estuaries and braided rivers. Channels are represented as network links, while channel confluences and bifurcations are represented as network nodes. We analyze and compare DEMs from the field and those generated by numerical modeling. We use a metric called the volume parameter that characterizes the volume of deposited material separating channels to quantify the volume of reworkable sediment deposited between links, which is a measure for the spatial scale associated with each network link. Scale asymmetry is observed in most links downstream of bifurcations, indicating geometric asymmetry and bifurcation stability. The length of links relative to system size scales with volume parameter value to the power of 0.24–0.35, while the number of links decreases and does not exhibit power law behavior. Link depth distributions indicate that the estuaries studied tend to organize around a deep main channel that exists at the largest scale while braided rivers have channel depths that are more evenly distributed across scales. The methods and results presented establish a benchmark for quantifying the topology and geometry of multichannel networks from DEMs with a new automatic extraction tool.
Top‐Down Constraints on Methane Point Source Emissions From Animal Agriculture and Waste Based on New Airborne Measurements in the U.S. Upper Midwest
Authors: Yu Xueying , Millet Dylan B. , Wells Kelley C. , Griffis Timothy J. , Chen Xin , Baker John M. , Conley Stephen A. , Smith Mackenzie L. , Gvakharia Alexander , Kort Eric A. , Plant Genevieve , Wood Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2019

Agriculture and waste are thought to account for half or more of the U.S. anthropogenic methane source. However, current bottom‐up inventories contain inherent uncertainties from extrapolating limited in situ measurements to larger scales. Here, we employ new airborne methane measurements over the U.S. Corn Belt and Upper Midwest, among the most intensive agricultural regions in the world, to quantify emissions from an array of key agriculture and waste point sources. Nine of the largest concentrated animal feeding operations in the region and two sugar processing plants were measured, with multiple revisits during summer (August 2017), winter (January 2018), and spring (May–June 2018). We compare the top‐down fluxes with state‐of‐science bottom‐up estimates informed by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency methodology and site‐level animal population and management practices. Top‐down point source emissions are consistent with bottom‐up estimates for beef concentrated animal feeding operations but moderately lower for dairies (by 37% on average) and significantly lower for sugar plants (by 80% on average). Swine facility results are more variable. The assumed bottom‐up seasonality for manure methane emissions is not apparent in the aircraft measurements, which may be due to on‐site management factors that are difficult to capture accurately in national‐scale inventories. If not properly accounted for, such seasonal disparities could lead to source misattribution in top‐down assessments of methane fluxes.
Macrophages in cardiac repair: Environmental cues and therapeutic strategies
Authors: de Couto Geoffrey
Published: December 2019

Mammals, in contrast to urodeles and teleost fish, lose the ability to regenerate their hearts soon after birth. Central to this regenerative response are cardiac macrophages, which comprise a heterogeneous population of cells with origins from the yolk sac, fetal liver, and bone marrow. These cardiac macrophages maintain residency in the myocardium through local proliferation and partial replacement over time by circulating monocytes. The intrinsic plasticity of cardiac macrophages in the adult heart promotes dynamic phenotypic changes in response to environmental cues, which may either protect against injury or promote maladaptive remodeling. Thus, therapeutic strategies promoting myocardial repair are warranted. Adult stromal cell-derived exosomes have shown therapeutic promise by skewing macrophages toward a cardioprotective phenotype. While several key exosomal non-coding RNA have been identified, additional factors responsible for cardiomyocyte proliferation remain to be elucidated. Here I review cardiac macrophages in development and following injury, unravel environmental cues modulating macrophage activation, and assess novel approaches for targeted delivery.
Correction: PPA1 promotes NSCLC progression via a JNK- and TP53-dependent manner
Authors: Luo Dehong , Liu Daishun , Shi Wen , Jiang Huimin , Liu Wei , Zhang Xiaoyuan , Bao Yonghua , Yang Wancai , Wang Xiaojun , Zhang Chaoyang , Wang Hui , Yuan Liying , Chen Yanpei , Qu Tianyin , Ou Dong , Shen Wenzhi , Yang Shuang
Published: December 2019

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Tailored morphology and highly enhanced phonon transport in polymer fibers: a multiscale computational framework
Authors: Lin Shangchao , Cai Zhuangli , Wang Yang , Zhao Lingling , Zhai Chenxi
Published: December 2019

Although tremendous efforts have been devoted to enhance thermal conductivity in polymer fibers, correlation between the thermal-drawing conditions and the resulting chain alignment, crystallinity, and phonon transport properties have remained obscure. Using a carefully trained coarse-grained force field, we systematically interrogate the thermal-drawing conditions of bulk polyethylene samples using large-scale molecular dynamics simulations. An optimal combination of moderate drawing temperature and strain rate is found to achieve highest degrees of chain alignment, crystallinity, and the resulting thermal conductivity. Such combination is rationalized by competing effects in viscoelastic relaxation and condensed to the Deborah number, a predictive metric for the thermal-drawing protocols, showing a delicate balance between stress localizations and chain diffusions. Upon tensile deformation, the thermal conductivity of amorphous polyethylene is enhanced to 80% of the theoretical limit, that is, its pure crystalline counterpart. An effective-medium-theory model, based on the serial-parallel heat conducting nature of semicrystalline polymers, is developed here to predict the impacts from both chain alignment and crystallinity on thermal conductivity. The enhancement in thermal conductivity is mainly attributed to the increases in the intrinsic phonon mean free path and the longitudinal group velocity. This work provides fundamental insights into the polymer thermal-drawing process and establishes a complete process–structure–property relationship for enhanced phonon transport in all-organic electronic devices and efficiency of polymeric heat dissipaters.
Acid-base adjustments and first evidence of denticle corrosion caused by ocean acidification conditions in a demersal shark species
Authors: Dziergwa Jacqueline , Singh Sarika , Bridges Christopher R. , Kerwath Sven E. , Enax Joachim , Auerswald Lutz
Published: December 2019

Global ocean acidification is expected to chronically lower the pH to 7.3 (>2200 µatm seawater pCO2) by the year 2300. Acute hypercapnia already occurs along the South African west and south coasts due to upwelling- and low-oxygen events, with increasing frequency. In the present project we investigated the impact of hypercapnia on the endemic demersal shark species Haploblepharus edwardsii. Specifically, we experimentally analysed acid-base regulation during acute and chronic hypercapnia, the effects of chronic hypercapnia on growth rates and on denticle structure- and composition. While H. edwardsii are physiologically well adapted to acute and chronic hypercapnia, we observed, for the first time, denticle corrosion as a result of chronic exposure. We conclude that denticle corrosion could increase denticle turnover and compromise hydrodynamics and skin protection.
hsa_circ_0006459 and hsa_circ_0015962 affect prognosis of Dengue fever
Authors: He JinHua , Ming Yue , MinLi Yu , Han ZePing , Jiang JianWei , Zhou JiaBin , Dai BoYing , Lv YuBing , He Meng Ling , Fang Mao , Li YuGuang
Published: December 2019

Circular ribonucleic acids (circRNAs) are widely expressed in human cells and play an important role in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Some circRNAs have microRNA (miRNA) binding response elements and interact with miRNA to regulate the expression of target genes.Four patients with a preliminary diagnosis of dengue fever (DF), peripheral whole blood sample in anticoagulant was collected before treatment (pretreatment group) and after effective treatment (posttreatment group), and eight samples were separated and used to screen differentially expressed circRNAs with microarray analysis. The relative expression level of circRNAs was determined using reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). TargetScan v7.1 and miRDB v5 bioinformatics software were used to predict circRNA-binding miRNAs; dual luciferase reporters were constructed to detect binding between circRNA and miRNA. Microarray screening revealed 263 differentially expressed circRNAs in peripheral leukocytes pretreatment versus posttreatment; 107 of these were upregulated and 156 were downregulated. RT-PCR confirmed that hsa_circ_0015962 was significantly upregulated and hsa_circ_0006459 significantly downregulated (P < 0.05). Moreover, hsa_circ_0015962 binds to miR-4683, and hsa_circ_0006459 binds to miR-133b.Downregulation of hsa_circ_0006459 and upregulation of hsa_circ_0015962 affect the treatment response of DF and are potential biomarkers in DF patients. The molecular mechanism involves hsa_circ_0006459-mediated targeted negative regulation of miR-133b and hsa_circ_0015962-mediated targeted negative regulation of miR-4683.
Hepatitis C virus and risk of extrahepatic malignancies: a case-control study
Authors: Liu Bo , Zhang Yongxiang , Li Jun , Zhang Weihong
Published: December 2019

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an increased risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Therefore, we investigated the risk of extrahepatic malignancies associated with HCV infection. Inpatients diagnosed with lymphoma, breast, thyroid, kidney, or pancreatic cancer (research group, n = 17,925) as well as inpatients with no malignancies (control group, n = 16,580) matched by gender and age were enrolled from The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between January 2008 and December 2016. A case-control study was conducted by retrospective analysis. The difference in HCV prevalence was analyzed between the research group and the control group. Also, the research group was compared to the 2006 National Hepatitis C sero-survey in China. A total of 86 cases were positive for anti-HCV in the research group. Compared with the control group (103 cases were anti-HCV positive), no significant associations between extrahepatic malignancies and HCV infection were observed. Meanwhile, compared to the 2006 National Hepatitis C sero-survey, we observed a significant association between the chronic lymphoma leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma (CLL/SLL) and HCV seropositivity in females in the research group aged 1–59 years old (OR = 14.69; 95% CI, 1.94–111.01). HCV infection had a potential association with CLL/SLL in females aged 1–59 years old. Our study did not confirm an association between HCV infection and the risk of extrahepatic malignancies. In regions with a low HCV prevalence, the association between HCV infection and extrahepatic malignancies needs further investigation.
Denitrification Aligns with N2 Fixation in Red Sea Corals
Authors: Tilstra Arjen , El-Khaled Yusuf C. , Roth Florian , Rädecker Nils , Pogoreutz Claudia , Voolstra Christian R. , Wild Christian
Published: December 2019

Denitrification may potentially alleviate excess nitrogen (N) availability in coral holobionts to maintain a favourable N to phosphorous ratio in the coral tissue. However, little is known about the abundance and activity of denitrifiers in the coral holobiont. The present study used the nirS marker gene as a proxy for denitrification potential along with measurements of denitrification rates in a comparative coral taxonomic framework from the Red Sea: Acropora hemprichii, Millepora dichotoma, and Pleuractis granulosa. Relative nirS gene copy numbers associated with the tissues of these common corals were assessed and compared with denitrification rates on the holobiont level. In addition, dinitrogen (N2) fixation rates, Symbiodiniaceae cell density, and oxygen evolution were assessed to provide an environmental context for denitrification. We found that relative abundances of the nirS gene were 16- and 17-fold higher in A. hemprichii compared to M. dichotoma and P. granulosa, respectively. In concordance, highest denitrification rates were measured in A. hemprichii, followed by M. dichotoma and P. granulosa. Denitrification rates were positively correlated with N2 fixation rates and Symbiodiniaceae cell densities. Our results suggest that denitrification may counterbalance the N input from N2 fixation in the coral holobiont, and we hypothesize that these processes may be limited by photosynthates released by the Symbiodiniaceae.
Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Students from Han, Uygur, and Kazakh Ethnic Groups in a Medical University in Xinjiang, China
Authors: Abuzhalihan Jialin , Wang Yong-Tao , Adi Dilare , Ma Yi-Tong , Fu Zhen-Yan , Yang Yi-Ning , Ma Xiang , Li Xiao-Mei , Liu Fen , Chen Bang-Dang
Published: December 2019

In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from different ethnic groups in Xinjiang. It is an observational, cross-sectional study. The sample of 7096 students aged 21–25 years was randomly selected from the clinic of Xinjiang Medical University. Baseline data, serum concentration of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) were reported. The prevalence of changes in lipid profile according to Body mass index (BMI) in three ethnic groups was calculated. Compared with Han and Uygur students, TC, LDL-C, TG and FPG levels were lower in kazakh sutdents, while HDL-C level was lower in Uygur students. The prevalence of high TC change was higher in Uygur students, and high LDL-C change was higher in Han students. The prevalence of low HDL-C change was higher in Uygur students, and high TG change was lower in Kazakh students. The prevalence of high TC, LDL-C, TG and low HDL-C changes was observed in normal weight, overweight and obesity groups according to the nutritional status by BMI among students of each ethnic group. The present study demonstrated the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from different ethnic groups, and enriched the limited data on the early prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and cardiovascular diseases in Xinjiang medical students crowd.
Genome-wide analysis of fatty acid desaturase genes in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Authors: E Zhiguo , Chen Chen , Yang Jinyu , Tong Hanhua , Li Tingting , Wang Lei , Chen Hongqi
Published: December 2019

Fatty acid desaturases can catalyze saturated or unsaturated fatty acids to form a double bond at various locations in the hydrocarbon chain. In the present study, a total of 20 full-length desaturase genes were identified from rice genome. An exhaustive analysis was performed to describe their chromosomal locations, gene structures, phylogeny, cis-regulatory elements, sub-cellular localizations and expression patterns. The rice desaturase genes were distributed on ten of 12 chromosomes and phylogenetically classified into six subfamilies with the Arabidopsis counterparts, FAB2, FAD2, FAD3/7/8, FAD6, DES1 and SLD1. Among of them, 9 members were expanded via chromosomal tandem or segmental duplications. The gene structures and motif constituents were evolutionarily conserved in the same subfamilies. The majority of desaturase genes showed tissue-specific expression patterns and response to abiotic stresses and hormones based on microarray data and qRT-PCR analyses. This study will provide useful clues for functional validation of desaturase genes and contribute to produce nutritionally important fatty acids by genetic modification in rice.
Fabrication of functionalized electrospun carbon nanofibers for enhancing lead-ion adsorption from aqueous solutions
Authors: Thamer Badr M. , Aldalbahi Ali , Moydeen A Meera , Al-Enizi Abdullah M. , El-Hamshary Hany , El-Newehy Mohamed H.
Published: December 2019

Electrospinning technique is a simple and cheap method for fabrication of electrospun nanofibers (ENFs), which in turn can converted into electrospun carbon nanofibers (ECNFs) by carbonization process. The controlling of the ECNFs properties (e.g. surface area, porosity, diameters) during fabrication, make it superior over the other carbon nanomaterials. The aim of our study is to modify the surface of ECNFs to increase its hydrophilicity and in turn its efficiency in removing lead ions (Pb2+) from aqueous systems. The surface modification was carried out in two steps starting from oxidation of pristine ECNFs to produce oxidized ECNFs (o-ECNFs), followed by covalently bonded of melamine, and poly(m-phenylene diamine) for forming melamine-functionalized ECNFs (melam-ECNFs) and poly(m-phenylene diamine)-functionalized ECNFs (PmPDA-ECNFs), respectively. The as-prepared materials were characterized in routine way. The ability of the as-prepared materials towards adsorption of Pb2+ ions as heavy metal was investigated with the study of some factors such as pH solution, contact time, initial concentration and temperature. The adsorption process was analyzed isothermally, and kinetically. According to the values of the thermodynamic parameters, the adsorption of Pb2+ ions onto the functionalized ECNFs was endothermic and spontaneous, except with melam-ECNFs was exothermic.
Fine-scale invasion genetics of the quarantine pest, Anoplophora glabripennis, reconstructed in single outbreaks
Authors: Tsykun Tetyana , Javal Marion , Hölling Doris , Roux Géraldine , Prospero Simone
Published: December 2019

The xylophagous cerambycid Anoplophora glabripennis, the Asian long-horned beetle (ALB), is highly polyphagous and can colonize a wide range of broadleaved host trees causing significant economic damage. For this reason, it is considered a quarantine pest in Europe and North America. Although the global spread of ALB has been depicted recently, no comprehensive studies exist on the genetic pattern of populations’ establishment and dynamics at fine-scale (i.e. within invasive outbreaks), before eradication measures are applied. This information may, however, be particularly important for an efficient management and control of invasive pests. Here, we characterized population genetic diversity and patterns of spread of ALB within and among the four outbreaks detected in Switzerland between 2011 and 2015. For this, we genotyped 223 specimens at 15 nuclear microsatellite loci and conducted specific population-based analyses. Our study shows: (1) At least three independent introductions and a, human-mediated, secondary dispersal event leading to the four outbreaks in the country; (2) An overall low intra-population genetic diversity in the viable and several years active invasive populations; (3) A colonization of single trees by homogeneous ALB genotypes; And (4) an establishment of populations several generations prior to its official discovery.
Synthesis of WS1.76Te0.24 alloy through chemical vapor transport and its high-performance saturable absorption
Authors: Du Zhengting , Zhang Chi , Wang Mudong , Zhang Xuejin , Ning Jian , Lv Xinjie , Zhao Gang , Xie Zhenda , Xu Jinlong , Zhu Shining
Published: December 2019

Layered transitional metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are drawing significant attentions for the applications of optics and optoelectronics. To achieve optimal performances of functional devices, precisely controlled doping engineering of 2D TMDs alloys has provided a reasonable approach to tailor their physical and chemical properties. By the chemical vapor transport (CVT) method and liquid phase exfoliation technique, in this work, we synthesized WS1.76Te0.24saturable absorber (SA) which exhibited high-performance of nonlinear optics. The nonlinear saturable absorption of the WS1.76Te0.24SA was also measured by the open aperture Z-scan technique. Compared to that of the binary component WS2and WTe2, WS1.76Te0.24SA has shown 4 times deeper modulation depth, 28% lower saturable intensity and a much faster recovery time of 3.8 ps. The passively Q-switched laser based on WS1.76Te0.24was more efficient, with pulse duration narrowed to 18%, threshold decreased to 28% and output power enlarged by 200%. The promising findings can provide a method to optimize performances of functional devices by doping engineering.
Pre-disaster social support is protective for onset of post-disaster depression: Prospective study from the Great East Japan Earthquake & Tsunami
Authors: Sasaki Yuri , Aida Jun , Tsuji Taishi , Koyama Shihoko , Tsuboya Toru , Saito Tami , Kondo Katsunori , Kawachi Ichiro
Published: December 2019

We examined whether pre-disaster social support functions as a disaster preparedness resource to mitigate post-disaster depressive symptoms among older survivors of the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami. The participants were 3,567 individuals aged ≥65 years living in Iwanuma city who completed a baseline survey as part of the nationwide Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study seven months before the disaster. A follow-up survey was administered approximately 2.5 years after the disaster. The analysis included a total of 2,293 participants, and social support (giving and receiving emotional & instrumental help) before the disaster was measured using four items. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the GDS with a cut-off score of 4/5 (not depressed/depressed). We discovered that participants who gave and received emotional and instrumental support before the disaster were significantly less likely to develop depressive symptoms after the disaster compared to those without support (ARR = 0.70; 95% CI: 0.56–0.88). The risk of the onset of depressive symptoms was 1.34 (95% CI: 1.03–1.74) among those who experienced disaster damages but had also given and received social support, and 1.70 (95% CI: 1.03–2.76) among those who experienced damages but lacked support. Strengthening social aid may help cultivate psychological resilience to disasters.
Electromagnetic Burst Generation during Annihilation of Magnetic Field in Relativistic Laser-Plasma Interaction
Authors: Gu Y. J. , Pegoraro F. , Sasorov P. V. , Golovin D. , Yogo A. , Korn G. , Bulanov S. V.
Published: December 2019

We present the results of theoretical studies of formation and evolution of the current sheet in a colliosionless plasma during magnetic reconnection in relativistic limit. Relativistic magnetic reconnection is driven by parallel laser pulses interacting with underdense plasma target. Annihilation of laser created magnetic field of opposite polarity generates strong non-stationary electric field formed in between the region with opposite polarity magnetic field accelerating charged particles within the current sheet. This laser-plasma target configuration is discussed in regard with the laboratory modeling of charged particle acceleration and gamma flash generation in astrophysics. We present the results of 3-dimensional kinetic simulations and theoretical studies on the formation and evolution of the current sheet in a collisionless plasma during magnetic field annihilation in the ultra-relativistic limit. Annihilation of oppositively directed magnetic fields driven by two laser pulses interacting with underdense plasma target is accompanied by an electromagnetic burst generation. The induced strong non-stationary longitudinal electric field accelerates charged particles within the current sheet. Properties of the laser-plasma target configuration are discussed in the context of the laboratory modeling for charged particle acceleration and gamma flash generation in astrophysics.