bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FlashAlloc: Dedicating Flash Blocks by Objects
Authors: Park Jonghyeok , Choi Soyee , Oh Gihwan , Im Soojun , Oh Moon-Wook , Lee Sang-Won
Published: August 2023

For a write request, today's flash storage cannot distinguish the logical object it comes from (
e.g.
, SSTables in RocksDB). In such object-oblivious flash devices, concurrent writes from different objects are simply packed in their arrival order to flash memory blocks; hence data pages from multiple objects with different lifetimes are multiplexed onto the same flash blocks. This multiplexing incurs write amplification, worsening the performance.

Tackling the multiplexing problem, we propose a novel interface for flash storage,
FlashAlloc.
It is used to pass the logical address ranges of objects to the underlying flash device and thus to enlighten the device to stream writes by objects. The object-aware flash storage can now de-multiplex concurrent writes from multiple objects with distinct deathtimes into per-object dedicated flash blocks. In essence, the interface enables the per-object fine-grained write streaming. Given that popular data stores tend to separate writes by logical objects, we can achieve, compared to the existing solutions, transparent streaming just by calling
FlashAlloc
upon object creation. Also,
FlashAlloc
is adaptive to workload changes, and liberates the stream conflicts in the multi-tenant environment.

Our experimental results using an open-source SSD prototype demonstrate that
FlashAlloc
can reduce the device-level write amplification factor (WAF) under RocksDB, F2FS, and MySQL by 1.5, 2.5, and 0.3, respectively and improve their throughput by 2.7x, 1.8x, and 1.2x, respectively. Also,
FlashAlloc
can mitigate the WAF interference among tenants: when running RocksDB and MySQL together on the same SSD,
FlashAlloc
reduced WAF from 2.5 to 1.6 and doubled their throughputs.
Declarative Sub-Operators for Universal Data Processing
Authors: Jungmair Michael , Giceva Jana
Published: August 2023

Data processing systems face the challenge of supporting increasingly diverse workloads efficiently. At the same time, they are already bloated with internal complexity, and it is not clear how new hardware can be supported sustainably.

In this paper, we aim to resolve these issues by proposing a unified abstraction layer based on declarative sub-operators in addition to relational operators. By exposing this layer to users, they can express their non-relational workloads declaratively with sub-operators. Furthermore, the proposed sub-operators decouple the semantic implementation of operators from the efficient imperative implementation, reducing the implementation complexity for relational operators. Finally, through fine-grained automatic optimizations, the declarative sub-operators allow for automatic morsel-driven parallelism. We demonstrate the benefits not only by providing a specific set of sub-operators but also implementing them in a compiling query engine. With thorough evaluation and analysis, we show that we can support a richer set of workloads while retaining the development complexity low and being competitive in performance even with specialized systems.
Improving the Gender Balance Among Directors of Listed Companies in the EU
Authors: Birkmose Hanne S.
Published: August 2023

166In November 2022 the Council and the European Parliament adopted Directive (EU) 2022/2381 on improving the gender balance among directors of listed companies and related measures. Thus, by 30 June 2026, European Member States must ensure that large, listed companies reach the Directive’s gender balance objectives. Gender balance is achieved when members of the underrepresented sex hold at least 40% of non-executive director positions or members of the underrepresented sex hold at least 33% of all director positions, including both executive and non-executive directors. To achieve gender balance Member States must set up a procedure for selecting candidates for appointment or election to director positions. Although the article finds that quotas are the best model to bring about a real improve to gender balance on company boards, it questions whether the model, the Commission has chosen will achieve the objective of the Directive. However, the article also finds that it is likely to have a positive effect in the Member States that has been lagging behind. Moreover, the article criticizes that the Directive does not openly address the company law implications of the established procedure, and finds that the application of principles of equal treatment in top-management positions place the Directive in an unclear position between employment matters and company law.167
Loyalty Voting Rights in Belgium: Nothing More than a Control-Enhancing Mechanism?
Authors: Declercq Steven , Delvoie Jeroen , Monnens Theo , Vos Tom
Published: August 2023

27In 2019, Belgium joined the European trend and allowed listed companies to adopt loyalty voting rights, i.e. double voting rights for shareholders who have held their shares for more than two years. The stated goals were to combat short-termism by rewarding long-term shareholders and to encourage IPOs by allowing founders to retain control over the corporation with a smaller participation. Our paper analyzes these rationales from a conceptual perspective, describes the Belgian legal framework for loyalty voting rights, and presents novel empirical evidence on the use of loyalty voting rights in Belgium. We argue that the Belgian legal framework is designed to favour controlling shareholders and other insiders. In addition, our empirical data supports the view that loyalty voting rights mainly function as a control-enhancing mechanism, as loyalty voting rights are almost exclusively used by insiders. This is not necessarily a problem, in our view, as controlling shareholders may be able to help combat the short-termism problem where it would exist. However, loyalty voting rights also increase the incentives for insiders to extract private benefits of control by creating a wedge between cash flow rights and voting rights. We find that this wedge in our Belgian sample has been on average 11 percentage points. In addition, our evidence finds that the votes of insiders were often sufficient to adopt loyalty voting rights, and that non-insiders on average vote against loyalty voting rights. This highlights the risk of making it too easy to introduce loyalty voting rights in the midstream. The arguments for allowing loyalty voting rights are the strongest when they are introduced at the IPO stage, but so far, none of the Belgian corporations with loyalty voting rights have introduced them at the IPO. We conclude that loyalty voting rights are nothing more than a control enhancing mechanism. This raises the questions: why not allow other types of control enhancing mechanisms, such as dual class share structures? And why not treat the midstream introduction of loyalty voting rights with a similar level of protection as the midstream introduction of dual class share structures? We fail to see the policy reasons for this wide divergence.28
Symposium Discussion Report: Classes of Shares, Social Entrepreneurship and Overall Belgian Company Law Reform
Authors: Schiepers Ellen
Published: August 2023

162During the second morning session three topics were highlighted. Like in the first session they all concerned Belgian law but were also of interest to the European academic community. Marieke Wyckaert discussed classes of shares, Sofie Cools addressed corporate law for social entrepreneurship and finally Hans De Wulf made an overall assessment of the Belgian company law reform.
16th ECFR-Symposium Discussion Report: EU Listing Act and Gender Quota in the Board
Authors: Knaier Ralf
Published: August 2023

199The first part of the afternoon session of the 16th annual ECFR Symposium in Leuven focused on current topics of European Company and Financial Law. The discussion following the presentations by Rüdiger Veil and Marc Wiesner as well as Hanne Søndergaard Birkmose dealt mainly with questions of ad hoc publicity and insider trading with regard to the EU Listing Act as well as details on the design of a gender quota in boards.
Towards a Framework for Effective Regulatory Supervision of Sustainability Governance in Accordance with the EU CSDD Directive. A Comparative Study
Authors: de Kluiver Harm-Jan
Published: August 2023

203This article emphasizes that the wave of regulation focusing on sustainability, like the CSDDD, is fundamentally different in scope and character from traditional rulemaking. Given the wide-ranging objectives of the CSDDD and its open norms, companies and supervisory authorities will need to cooperate and have open and fair discussions to develop alternative instruments and best practices taking account of what can be reasonably required from companies in addressing complex issues in an even more complex world also in terms of feasibility and resources. This is fully in line with the CSDDD which explicitly recognizes that companies will have to balance diverging interests, and – as set out in Articles 6-8 CSDDD – will inevitably need to make choices and prioritize actions. Where traditionally regulatory supervisors focus on strict compliance, the CSDDD marks a fundamental change to process rules and goals to be achieved and therefore calls for a fundamentally different approach and oversight strategy by supervisory authorities. It is also demonstrated that extending liability rules for companies is not an effective policy instrument. This article compares developments in the UK, France, Germany, Norway and the Netherlands, and by identifying the lessons learned, concludes that a strategy as set out above seems best fit to realise the ambitious goals set by the CSDDD. Therewith a paradigm shift is in the making. Governments and regulatory supervisors would misinterpret the signs of the times if, in promoting the purposes of the CSDDD, they were to cling to traditional ideas of how supervisors should operate.204
An Introduction to and Evaluation of the 2019 Belgian Companies Act – Preparing for the Previous War?
Authors: De Wulf Hans
Published: August 2023

109This article discusses some aspects of the completely new Companies Act (“BCCA”) adopted in Belgium in 2019. Even though the reform touched upon all aspects of company law and all company types, its main goal was to roll back Belgian goldplating of EU company law Directives and to turn the hitherto very rigid Belgian private company into a very flexible, contractual vehicle with little mandatory law applicable to it, except for rules on creditor protection. As part of this reform, the concept of legal capital (not just minimum capital requirements) was abolished for the private company. In order to allow a Belgian company to better compete in the light vehicle competition, Belgium moved from the real seat doctrine to the incorporation theory. For public companies, the main reform was probably the introduction of loyalty shares, which (so far) did not succeed in attracting more listings to the Brussels stock market, but did allow existing controlling shareholders to cement their control with a smaller stake than before. The reform was very successful in increasing legal certainty about many issues about which no authoritative case law exists. But in a way, the reform fought the last war (the light vehicle competition) while arguably not enough attention was paid to enabling venture capital and private equity contracting and the capital structures that go with these investments.110
The scope of the problems with the problem of scope
Authors: Duffley Patrick
Published: August 2023

This study argues that many of the formalizations used in analyses employing the notion of logical scope fail to conform to natural language in important ways and lead to false predictions. This is due to the fact that they pursue the logic-driven goal of making the structure of logical arguments more transparent and mechanically calculable rather than the language-driven goal of accounting for how the linguistic signs used in an utterance and their configuration contribute to the conveying of the message being fashioned by the speaker. The focus of the study is on categories associated with the verb: tense, aspect, modality and negation. The conclusion suggests that very precise and rigid theories using logical scope relations may force the theorist to straitjacket the data so that they fit the theory, thereby obscuring rather than clarifying the nature of linguistic categories and their interactions. Informal analyses that hew closer to natural language’s semantic reality can provide greater understanding of phenomena such as the purported non-negatability of must. Seeing this English modal’s meaning as defined in opposition to real existence leads to the realization that it does not interact with negation the same way as the reality of the existence of the property of being necessary does.
Machine learning in computational literary studies
Authors: Hatzel Hans Ole , Stiemer Haimo , Biemann Chris , Gius Evelyn
Published: August 2023

In this article, we provide an overview of machine learning as it is applied in computational literary studies, the field of computational analysis of literary texts and literature related phenomena. We survey a number of scientific publications for the machine learning methodology the scholars used and explain concepts of machine learning and natural language processing while discussing our findings. We establish that besides transformer-based language models, researchers still make frequent use of more traditional, feature-based machine learning approaches; possible reasons for this are to be found in the challenging application of modern methods to the literature domain and in the more transparent nature of traditional approaches. We shed light on how machine learning-based approaches are integrated into a research process, which often proceeds primarily from the non-quantitative, interpretative approaches of non-digital literary studies. Finally, we conclude that the application of large language models in the computational literary studies domain may simplify the application of machine learning methodology going forward, if adequate approaches for the analysis of literary texts are found.
Preliminary performance analysis of BeiDou-2/GPS navigation systems over the low latitude region
Authors: Narsetty Santhosh , Thomala Sricharani , Perumalla Naveen Kumar
Published: August 2023

On a regional or worldwide scale, satellite-based navigation systems can offer three-dimensional Position, Velocity, and Timing (PVT) services to an indefinite number of users. BeiDou-2 is China’s regional navigation satellite system that encompasses the Asia-Pacific region. BeiDou-2’s space section comprises GEO, MEO, and IGSO satellites, making it unique among the navigation systems. This research focuses on key aspects, including satellite visibility and signal strength, as a function of the elevation angle across the low latitude region (Indian region). In addition, the results were compared with those obtained using the GPS. The data is acquired from a GNSS receiver located at the Hyderabad station (latitude:17°24′28″, longitude:78°31′04″). The results show that BeiDou-2 satellites have better visibility than GPS satellites at all elevation angles. However, visibility is low at high elevations; therefore, multiple systems are required to obtain user information. As the elevation angle increases, the carrier-to-noise density ratio (C/No) also increases. Additionally, the standard deviation (STD) was calculated and compared to that of the GPS. Despite the average signal strength of GPS satellites remaining high throughout the elevation range, the STD of BeiDou-2 satellites was found to be low. These results indicate that further work is needed to improve the interoperability of multiple navigation systems and to provide more accurate location information to Indian users.
Annular pupil confocal Brillouin–Raman microscopy for high spectral resolution multi-information mapping
Authors: Su Yunhao , Wu Hanxu , Qiu Lirong , Zhao Weiqian
Published: August 2023

Brillouin–Raman combined confocal spectroscopy is a novel and powerful technique for providing non-contact and direct readout of the micro-regional chemical and mechanical properties of a material, and thus used in a broad range of applications, including material characterization in manufacturing and biological imaging. However, the inadequate spectral and spatial resolution restricts the further development of combined spectral technology. In this paper, an annular pupil confocal Brillouin–Raman microscopy (APCBRM) scheme is proposed to achieve high-spectral-resolution Brillouin spectral detection and high-lateral-resolution Brillouin, Raman, and 3D topography mapping. The use of an annular pupil significantly suppresses the spectral broadening caused by a high-numerical-aperture objective lens and compresses the full width at half maximum of the Brillouin spectrum by 22.1 %, effectively improving the Brillouin spectral resolution. In addition, the size of the excitation spot is compressed, and the lateral resolutions in Brillouin and Raman spectroscopy increased to about 353.2 nm and 347.1 nm, respectively. Thus, high lateral resolution and Brillouin spectral resolution are achieved simultaneously. Furthermore, the high-precision confocal focusing system based on reflected light realizes real-time focusing during scanning and three-dimensional topography mapping. These results demonstrate that APCBRM has excellent potential for applications in the fields of novel materials, precision machining, and biomedicine.
Worth the Work? Monkeys Discount Rewards by a Subjective Adapting Effort Cost
Authors: Burrell Mark , Pastor-Bernier Alexandre , Schultz Wolfram
Published: August 2023

All life must solve how to allocate limited energy resources to maximize benefits from scarce opportunities. Economic theory posits decision makers optimize choice by maximizing the subjective benefit (utility) of reward minus the subjective cost (disutility) of the required effort. While successful in many settings, this model does not fully account for how experience can alter reward-effort trade-offs. Here, we test how well the subtractive model of effort disutility explains the behavior of two male nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta) in a binary choice task in which reward quantity and physical effort to obtain were varied. Applying random utility modeling to independently estimate reward utility and effort disutility, we show the subtractive effort model better explains out-of-sample choice behavior when compared with parabolic and exponential effort discounting. Furthermore, we demonstrate that effort disutility depends on previous experience of effort: in analogy to work from behavioral labor economics, we develop a model of reference-dependent effort disutility to explain the increased willingness to expend effort following previous experience of effortful options in a session. The result of this analysis suggests that monkeys discount reward by an effort cost that is measured relative to an expected effort learned from previous trials. When this subjective cost of effort, a function of context and experience, is accounted for, trial-by-trial choices can be explained by the subtractive cost model of effort. Therefore, in searching for net utility signals that may underpin effort-based decision-making in the brain, careful measurement of subjective effort costs is an essential first step.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAll decision-makers need to consider how much effort they need to expend when evaluating potential options. Economic theories suggest that the optimal way to choose is by cost-benefit analysis of reward against effort. To be able to do this efficiently over many decision contexts, this needs to be done flexibly, with appropriate adaptation to context and experience. Therefore, in aiming to understand how this might be achieved in the brain, it is important to first carefully measure the subjective cost of effort. Here, we show monkeys make reward-effort cost-benefit decisions, subtracting the subjective cost of effort from the subjective value of rewards. Moreover, the subjective cost of effort is dependent on the monkeys’ experience of effort in previous trials.
Divergent germination responses to fire-related cues of Suaeda glauca dimorphic seeds under salinity stress
Authors: Zhao Dandan , Ma Hongyuan , Li Shaoyang , Qi Wenwen , Li Yi , Li Yaxiao , Sun Mengdan
Published: August 2023

Suaeda glauca is an annual herb in the family Amaranthaceae that produces dimorphic seeds (soft brown seeds and hard black seeds) on the same plant under natural conditions. Experiments were conducted to determine the salinity-alleviating effect of fire-related cues. Germination
of both black and brown seeds was inhibited with an increase in salinity. Brown seeds had a higher germination percentage than black seeds in all conditions. Heat shock, smoke and their interaction had some effect in alleviating the salinity effect in brown seeds at 100-300 mM NaCl. This study
provides valuable information to the understanding of the germination biology of Suaeda glauca.
An Investigation of the Effects of Some Parameters on the Shooting Performance of Air Rifle Shooters in Terms of Gender and Level of Competition
Authors: ERTÜRK Ceren , CAN İbrahim , BAYRAKDAROĞLU Serdar
Published: August 2023

The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of some parameters on the shooting performance of air rifle shootersin terms of gender and level of competition. To achieve this, 20 air rifle shooters who ranked in the Air Guns Turkey Cup and Air Guns Turkey Championships volunteered for the study. In this study, the height and body composition of the participants were measured, and then grip strength, back and leg strength, heart rate, flexibility, vital capacity, static balance, dynamic balance, and reaction time tests were performed. One (1) series, which included ten (10) shots was fired to determine the shooting success of the participants. There found a positive and high statistical significance between the scoresof the elite shooters in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity measurements (r=.656; p<0.05), between the scores of the junior shooters in a series of shots, their measured vital capacity (r=.820; p<0.01), their vital capacity percentage (r=.686; p<0.05), and their right-hand grip strength (r=.703; p<0.05). Furthermore, while a negative and high significance was acquired between the male participants’ scores in a series of shotsand the right foot dynamic balance (r= -790; p<0.05), there was a positive and high correlation between the scores of female participants in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity (r=.704; p<0.05). As a result, it was concluded that some performance parameters in terms of gender and level of competition affected the shooting performance of the participants.
An expert consensus–based checklist for quality appraisal of educational resources on adult basic life support: a Delphi study
Authors: Birkun Alexei , Gautam Adhish , Böttiger Bernd W. ,   the Delphi Study Investigators
Published: August 2023

Objective Given the lack of a unified tool for appraising the quality of educational resources for lay-rescuer delivery of adult basic life support (BLS), this study aimed to develop an appropriate evaluation checklist based on a consensus of international experts.Methods In a two-round Delphi study, participating experts completed questionnaires to rate each item of a predeveloped 72-item checklist indicating agreement that an item should be utilized to evaluate the conformance of an adult BLS educational resource with resuscitation guidelines. Consensus on item inclusion was defined as a rating of ≥7 points from ≥75% of experts. Experts were encouraged to add anonymous suggestions for modifying or adding new items.Results Of the 46 participants, 42 (91.3%) completed the first round (representatives of 25 countries with a median of 16 years of professional experience in resuscitation) and 40 (87.0%) completed the second round. Thirteen of 72 baseline items were excluded, 55 were included unchanged, four were included after modification, and four new items were added. The final checklist comprises 63 items under the subsections “safety” (one item), “recognition” (nine items), “call for help” (four items), “chest compressions” (12 items), “rescue breathing” (12 items), “defibrillation” (nine items), “continuation of CPR” (two items), “choking” (10 items) and “miscellaneous” (four items).Conclusion The produced checklist is a ready-to-use expert consensus–based tool for appraising the quality of educational content on lay-rescuer provision of adult BLS. The checklist gives content developers a tool to ensure educational resources comply with current resuscitation knowledge, and may serve as a component of a prospective standardized international framework for quality assurance in resuscitation education.
Point-of-care ultrasound for airway management in the emergency and critical care setting
Authors: Gottlieb Michael , O’Brien James R. , Ferrigno Nicholas , Sundaram Tina
Published: August 2023

Airway management is a common procedure within emergency and critical care medicine. Traditional techniques for predicting and managing a difficult airway each have important limitations. As the field has evolved, point-of-care ultrasound has been increasingly utilized for this application. Several measures can be used to sonographically predict a difficult airway, including skin to epiglottis, hyomental distance, and tongue thickness. Ultrasound can also be used to confirm endotracheal tube intubation and assess endotracheal tube depth. Ultrasound is superior to the landmark-based approach for locating the cricothyroid membrane, particularly in patients with difficult anatomy. Finally, we provide an algorithm for using ultrasound to manage the crashing patient on mechanical ventilation. After reading this article, readers will have an enhanced understanding of the role of ultrasound in airway management.
Expert opinion on evidence after the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines: a secondary publication
Authors: Chung Sung Phil , Sohn Youdong , Lee Jisook , Cho Youngsuk , Cha Kyoung-Chul , Heo Ju Sun , Kim Ai-Rhan Ellen , Kim Jae Guk , Kim Han-Suk , Shin Hyungoo , Ahn Chiwon , Woo Ho Geol , Lee Byung Kook , Jang Yong Soo , Choi Yu Hyeon , Hwang Sung Oh ,   on behalf of the Guideline Committee of the Korean Association of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (KACPR)
Published: August 2023

Considerable evidence has been published since the 2020 Korean Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Guidelines were reported. The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) also publishes the Consensus on CPR and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations (CoSTR) summary annually. This review provides expert opinions by reviewing the recent evidence on CPR and ILCOR treatment recommendations. The authors reviewed the CoSTR summary published by ILCOR in 2021 and 2022. PICO (patient, intervention, comparison, outcome) questions for each topic were reviewed using a systemic or scoping review methodology. Two experts were appointed for each question and reviewed the topic independently. Topics suggested by the reviewers for revision or additional description of the guidelines were discussed at a consensus conference. Forty-three questions were reviewed, including 15 on basic life support, seven on advanced life support, two on pediatric life support, 11 on neonatal life support, six on education and teams, one on first aid, and one related to COVID-19. Finally, the current Korean CPR Guideline was maintained for 28 questions, and expert opinions were suggested for 15 questions.
El fenómeno ENSO y la precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto, Costa Rica
Authors: Rojas Alvarado Carlos , Guzmán Vindas Gloriana , Méndez García Miguel
Published: August 2023

Mucho se habla de los cambios climáticos producto de fenómenos atmosféricos de orden regional y global; sin embargo, no siempre se cuenta con evidencia relacionada con ellos. Esta comprobación científica es necesaria para visualizar la dimensión de su efecto y para sentar las bases de manejo y conservación de los servicios ecosistémicos que sustentan el estilo de vida moderno. En este trabajo, se ha hecho un análisis de series de tiempo del registro mensual de precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto en Hojancha, Costa Rica, para el periodo entre mayo 2013 y noviembre 2022. Se ha descubierto que una disrupción del patrón temporal de precipitación durante la temporada lluviosa del año 2017 tomó alrededor de dos años para regresar al estado original. Tal disrupción estuvo directamente vinculada con un periodo frío del fenómeno ENSO, conocido coloquialmente como “La Niña” y fue seguida por otra disrupción similar cuyo efecto continúa hasta este momento. Los datos acá presentados evidencian que el fenómeno ENSO tiene un efecto directo sobre la precipitación de la Zona Protectora Monte Alto, cuya función original en el contexto local es la de proveer agua potable a las comunidades aledañas. Las oscilaciones en el ciclo hidrológico, aparentemente más frecuentes en los últimos años en el contexto local de este análisis, tienen un efecto real sobre la calidad de vida de las poblaciones afectadas y merecen seguir siendo documentadas y cuantificadas para incrementar la resiliencia por adaptación de las sociedades afectadas.
Quais são as áreas de atuação em Micologia? Percepções de estudantes da formação inicial em Ciências Biológicas
Authors: Estrela Kevin Borges , Weiser Veridiana de Lara , Ganiko-Dutra Matheus
Published: August 2023

Resumo A Micologia necessita de profissionais capacitados para trabalhar com fungos, conforme a crescente demanda em diversos setores. Uma das formas de capacitar profissionais para a área é a formação inicial em Biologia. Todavia, existe uma sub-representatividade acadêmica para com a Micologia, comprometendo assim, a disponibilização de profissionais nesta carreira. Esta pesquisa investigou e descreveu as percepções de estudantes de Biologia de três universidades públicas do estado de São Paulo, acerca da atuação em Micologia por meio de questionário e análise categorial das respostas. Os participantes reconhecem e validam a presença de biólogos na Micologia e apontam atividades de atuação que extrapolam as possibilidades presentes em documentos oficiais. Entretanto, essa percepção da multidisciplinaridade da área pode refletir o ensino superficial e pouco específico da Micologia nesses cursos, visto que a maioria dos participantes não cursou disciplinas específicas de Micologia em suas universidades e apresentou uma visão antropocêntrica dos fungos.
Estados da Arte: aparando arestas na compreensão dessa modalidade de pesquisa
Authors: Teixeira Paulo Marcelo Marini
Published: August 2023

Resumo Este trabalho é um ensaio teórico versando sobre a natureza das pesquisas denominadas de Estado da Arte, descrevendo suas principais características e diferenças em relação às revisões bibliográficas. Defende que não há argumentos plausíveis para a diferenciação entre Estados da Arte e Estados do Conhecimento, pois que, o escopo dos Estados da Arte é definido em função de sua preocupação com a análise da produção acadêmica e científica em determinado campo ou área de conhecimento. Por fim, explicita alguns procedimentos básicos envolvidos nessa modalidade de investigação e sublinha a importância dos Estados da Arte como estudos que situam as tendências e características das pesquisas produzidas em uma área.
As múltiplas ações dos animais e as possibilidades de abordagem interdisciplinar no Ensino de Biologia
Authors: Almeida David Figueiredo de
Published: August 2023

Resumo Duas questões nortearam a pesquisa aqui descrita. Quais ações dos animais são percebidas por alunos de ensino médio? Até que ponto as ações percebidas contribuem para abordagens interdisciplinares no ensino de Biologia? As evidências vieram principalmente de questionários e entrevistas com alunos de escolas secundárias do entorno do grande e enigmático Parque Nacional Montanhas do Tumucumaque, localizado no extremo norte do Brasil. No cenário, apresentado a partir das questões de pesquisa e dos enunciados dos alunos, conclui-se que as múltiplas ações dos animais representam variadas possibilidades de abordagens interdisciplinares no ensino de Biologia. Nesse cenário, por exemplo, as abelhas não possuem apenas a ação clássica de carregar o grão de pólen de uma flor a outra. Também há ações aproveitadas pelos humanos em áreas diversas. Valorizar as múltiplas ações dos animais pode levar as discussões no ensino de Biologia para áreas como a Geografia, o Direito Ambiental, a Filosofia e as Artes Visuais.
Weight retention 12 months postpartum: association with sociodemographic, gestational and puerperal factors
Authors: Carvalho Brenda da Cunha , Ferreira Larissa Bueno , Santos Tamires Nunes dos , Souza Rafaela Cristina Viera e , Santos Luana Caroline dos
Published: August 2023

Abstract Objectives: to investigate the association between sociodemographic, gestational/puerperal factors and postpartum weight retention (PPWR) after 12 months in Brazilian women at a university hospital. Methods: prospective cohort with puerperal women recruited at the maternity ward of a university hospital in a Brazilian metropolis. At baseline (n=260), sociodemographic and anthropometric information on the mother-child binomial and data related to the gestational period were collected. Maternal dietary patterns were measured using a food frequency questionnaire and subsequently determined by Principal Component Analysis. Results: 75 women, with a mean age of 28.4 years (CI95%= 27.0-29.7), 25.3% with excessive PPPR, with an average of 3.6 kg (CI95%= 1.7) continued in the follow-up. -5.4). Higher gestational weight gain (GWG) (ß= 0.36; CI95%= 0.18-0.70) and lower maternal age (ß= -0.41; CI95%= -0.92–-0.22) were PRPP predictors (p=0.001) (adjusted for per capita income, parity, type of delivery, number of prenatal visits, baby’s birth weight, breastfeeding and physical activity). Conclusion: there was a high occurrence of excessive PPPR, favored by higher GPG and lower maternal age. This highlights the importance of monitoring women’s health during the reproductive period, with guidance on ways of life (diet and physical activity), to favor better outcomes for mother-child.
Treinamento muscular inspiratório em pessoas com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC): uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Mota Jennyfer Correa , Santos Marcilene Rodrigues dos , Sousa Luane Rodrigues de , Abdoral Patrick Roberto Gomes , Abdoral Larissa Siqueira Rodrigues , Miranda Cláudia Jeane Claudino de Pontes
Published: August 2023

RESUMO O objetivo desta revisão sistemática foi evidenciar a eficácia do treinamento muscular inspiratório (TMI) em pessoas com doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), analisando os efeitos do TMI na força e resistência muscular inspiratória; na tolerância ao exercício; e na redução da dispneia. Realizou-se uma busca de forma sistemática nas bases de dados PubMed, Cochrane e LILACS, no período de agosto de 2021 a fevereiro 2023, por estudos publicados a partir de 2016. Os descritores utilizados para a busca seguiram a descrição dos Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)/Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS), sendo eles: “pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive”, “breathing exercises”, “exercise tolerance”, “dyspnea” e “muscle strength”, com o filtro dos idiomas inglês e português e os operadores booleanos “AND” e “OR”. Dez estudos cumpriram os critérios de inclusão, envolvendo 733 pacientes. Em todos os estudos examinados, houve um aumento expressivo da força e da resistência muscular inspiratória em comparação ao grupo-controle. Ainda, dos 10 estudos analisados, quatro apresentaram progressos na diminuição da dispneia e na tolerância ao exercício. Ressalta-se que o treinamento muscular inspiratório é eficaz na melhora da dispneia, da tolerância ao exercício e do aumento da força e da resistência muscular inspiratória em pessoas com DPOC em estágios moderado a grave.
Antifungal action of essential oils against Fusarium rot in melon
Authors: Sousa Aline E. D. de , Melo Rafaela P. , Gagliardi Paulo R. , Nunes Glauber H. de S , Oster Andreia H. , Silva Ebenézer de O.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to determine the composition and evaluate in vitro and in vivo effects of essential oils (Lippia sidoides Cham., Ocimum gratissimum L., Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., Ocimum selloi Benth., Citrus sinensis L., Ocimum micranthum Willd., Ocimum sp., and Piper aduncum L.) on the control of Fusarium rot in melon fruits, caused by the fungus Fusarium pallidoroseum. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and their chemical composition was determined by GCMS and GC-FID. The effect of each essential oil (concentrations of 0, 500, 1500, and 3000µL L-1) on the fungal mycelial growth was evaluated in in vitro experiment. The effective concentration that inhibited 50% of mycelial growth (EC50) was determined through the probit method; mycelial growth index (MGI) was also calculated. The essential oils with higher potential for inhibiting mycelial growth of F. pallidoroseum were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the fungus spore germination in in vitro and in vivo experiments using melon fruits (variety Galia). Chemical composition analysis of essential oils enabled the identification of varying amounts of chemical compounds, with predominance of monoterpenes. The essential oils of L. sidoides, O. gratissimum, C. citratus, and O. micranthum presented higher inhibiting effects on F. pallidoroseum mycelial growth and spore germination, therefore, they are promising raw materials for the development of commercial fungicides, mainly for controlling postharvest rot caused by F. pallidoroseum.
Mapping Native Seed Banks of Communities in Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru, Bahia, Brazil
Authors: Santos Naara de C. S. , Trocoli Rafael O. , Pereira Monica A. T.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Native Seed Banks of Communities (SBC) are one of the important social technologies that enables the coexistence with the climate in the Semiarid region of Brazil. These banks can supply appropriate seeds due to the genetic improvement carried out by farmers over generations, in addition to the traditional knowledge associated with them. The poor water distribution in part of the states in the Northeast region of Brazil makes family farmers to depend on rainfall and adapted seeds to grow viable crops. In this sense, native seeds are the most suitable due to their robustness and ideal adaptation to the environment and cultivation systems used in the region. Moreover, the conservation of native seeds in germplasm banks is an important strategy for minimizing the impacts of conventional agriculture. Thus, the objective of this study was to map seed banks of communities within the Piemonte Norte do Itapicuru Territory, state of Bahia, Brazil. The research was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic and presented a qualitative character through a study case methodology. The steps for data collection were: identification of SBC through information from technical advisory entities; georeferencing of the SBC locations; and description of SBC specificities. Eight seed banks were mapped, distributed in three municipalities: Antonio Gonçalves, Campo Formoso, and Pindobaçu. Although the territory is composed of nine municipalities, six of them do not have this technology.
Productivity and optimized economic efficiency of carrot roots in monocropping under green manuring
Authors: Freitas Isaac A. da S. , Bezerra Neto Francisco , Lima Jailma S. S. de , Silva Jéssica P. P. da , Ferreira Rayanna C. , Guerra Natan M.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT A great challenge of scientific research with carrot in semi-arid regions is obtaining the best productive characteristics and economic conditions by optimizing the green manure amounts using spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome, such as hairy woodrose (Merremia aegyptia L.) and roostertree (Calotropis procera Ait.). Therefore, this work aimed to agronomically and economically optimize the production of carrot roots in monocropping and of their components when fertilized with equitable biomass amounts of these spontaneous species in two cropping seasons in a semi-arid environment. The experimental design was a randomized complete block design, with five treatments and five replications. The treatments consisted of equitable amounts of hairy woodrose and roostertree biomass in amounts of 16, 29, 42, 55, and 68 t ha-1 on a dry basis. In each experiment, an additional carrot treatment without fertilizer (absolute control) was planted for comparison with the other treatments to determine maximum physical and economic efficiency. Carrot fertilization was performed with the incorporation of 48.87 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera dry biomass into the soil to obtain the maximum optimized productive efficiency (commercial productivity). The maximum optimized agroeconomic efficiency (net income) of carrot cultivation was obtained when 49.64 t ha-1 of M. aegyptia and C. procera dry biomass was added to the soil. The use of biomass from these spontaneous species from the Caatinga biome as green manure is a viable technology for tuberose producers in monocropping in semiarid environments.
Enhancing melon production and quality through the application of 'Lithothamnium'
Authors: Negreiros Andréia M. P. , Melo Naama J. de A. , Barboza Hailton da S. , Sales Júnior Rui
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT In Brazil, melon production is distinguished by its superior quality. One of the major challenges in this sector lies in the use of fertilizers, particularly due to import dependencies. In this context, Lithothamnium, a seaweed derivative that supplies calcium and magnesium and enhances the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil, presents a viable solution. This study aimed to assess the impact of varying doses (whole [W] or fractional [F]), intervals, and application modes of Lithothamnium on melon yield and quality. The experimental investigation was carried out at Fazenda Dina - Dinamarca Industrial Agrícola, located in Mossoró, Brazil. An experimental design consisting of randomized blocks with 11 treatments and four replications was implemented. Melons were harvested 75 days post-sowing. Results revealed no significant differences for most variables as per the Scott Knott test (5% probability). However, noteworthy statistical differences were observed concerning productivity, peel thickness, pulp firmness, pH, and total sugar content. All treatments involving the use of Lithothamnium demonstrated an increase in productivity (25.6 to 29.8 t ha-1) and peel thickness (0.80 to 1.02 cm). In terms of pulp firmness, treatments using Lithothamnium in nanoparticle form and as a concentrated suspension with application times of 10-20-30 and 30-50 exhibited higher values (25.66 to 27.81 N). Except for the micronized powder variant, all Lithothamnium treatments yielded the highest pH values (6.84 to 6.94). Total sugar content was found to be highest in treatments T3, T4, and T5 (11.58%, 12.50%, and 11.78%, respectively).
Phytosociology of an open arboreal caatinga with high basal area in the Seridó desertification region, Brazil
Authors: Medeiros Aline V. S. de , Guedes Rozileudo da S. , Souza Pierre F. de , Zanella Fernando C. V.
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Seridó is one of the driest regions in the Caatinga biome, Northeastern Brazil, affected by a long history of anthropogenic impact, and today it is considered a desertification region. A phytosociological survey of woody species was carried out in an area at Morada das Jandairas Farm (MJF), in Santana do Seridó, Rio Grande do Norte, which still has a significant arboreal component despite maintaining an extensive cattle production, and compared it with data from other five inventories carried out in the region. Seventeen species from ten botanical families were found, with Fabaceae and Euphorbiaceae being the most diversified. Commiphora leptophloeos and Croton blanchetianus stood out as the most important species. The high floristic composition similarity among the six compared studies indicates that the different phytophysiognomies may be result of anthropogenic action and regeneration processes. The relatively high Basal Area in the MJF (26.8 m2 ha-1) stands out even considering inventories carried out throughout the Caatinga region, which is largely due to the presence of many large trees (C. leptophloeos). Considerations about the ecological importance of large and old trees are made, with recommendations for the methodology of phytosociological inventories.
Does Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics Questionnaire (PIDAQ) reflect the impact of malocclusion on facial aesthetics?
Authors: FARAJ Mohammed , SHOBHA Sundareswaran , LATHEEF Vadakkeypeediakkal , NIVEDITA Prakash
Published: August 2023

ABSTRACT Introduction: Malocclusion is presumed to have adverse effects on dental and facial attractiveness, leading to deleterious psychosocial impact and Quality of life(QoL) of the individual. The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetic Questionnaire (PIDAQ) has proved to be effective for assessment of psychosocial impact of malocclusion on dental aesthetics, but it’s effectiveness for assessing facial aesthetics is unknown. Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the effectiveness of PIDAQ on its ability to reflect the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on facial attractiveness, using the Facial Aesthetic index (FAI) after its translation and validation in the regional language. Methods: The 23-item PIDAQ, after translation process, cross-cultural adaptation and pilot testing, was administered to 330 subjects (62.5 % females and 37.5 % males; age range 18-30 years) with varying degrees of severity of malocclusion, assessed by the two components of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (Dental Health Component, IOTN-DHC, for normative need; and self-administered Aesthetic Component, IOTN-AC, for subjective need) and FAI. Results: The internal consistency and test-retest reliability were good (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.859 - 0.958; Intraclass correlation coefficient =0.984). FAI, IOTN-DHC and IOTN-AC scores showed highly significant correlation with PIDAQ scores, depicting strong convergent validity (p< 0.001). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni post-hoc test showed highly significant correlations (p-value < 0.001) for all comparisons. There were no significant differences between responses of males and females. The regional version of PIDAQ had excellent reliability. Conclusions: PIDAQ showed good psychometric properties and was able to effectively reflect the psychosocial impact of malocclusion on altered facial aesthetics.
Antônio Pardo e a hierarquia social no mundo rural brasileiro do século XIX
Authors: Andrade Mateus Rezende de
Published: August 2023

RESUMO O artigo analisa a trajetória de vida de Antônio Varela, homem pardo, filho de uma mulher alforriada, nascido no ano de 1805, capitão da Guarda Nacional, senhor de escravos e reconhecido proprietário de terras na vila da Piranga, antigo distrito do município de Mariana, em Minas Gerais. A partir de suas relações familiares, de compadrio e de vizinhança em torno da posse da terra, este artigo demonstra os caminhos da mobilidade social e as estratégias da ascensão econômica, explorando uma trajetória que esteve circunscrita a uma sociabilidade cotidiana geograficamente erigida. Assim, este artigo evidencia uma cartografia da liberdade e da ascensão econômica e social, dando destaque aos novos espaços de sociabilidade que permitiram um novo lugar social para Varela na hierarquia local.