bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turing-like Experiment in a Cyber Defense Game
Authors: Du Yinuo , Prebot Baptiste , Gonzalez Cleotilde
Published: May 2024

During the past decade, researchers of behavioral cyber security have created cognitive agents that are able to learn and make decisions in dynamic environments in ways that assimilate human decision processes. However, many of these efforts have been limited to simple detection tasks and represent basic cognitive functions rather than a whole set of cognitive capabilities required in dynamic cyber defense scenarios. Our current work aims at advancing the development of cognitive agents that learn and make defense-dynamic decisions during cyber attacks by intelligent attack agents. We also aim to evaluate the capability of these cognitive models in ``Turing-like'' experiments, comparing the decisions and performance of these agents against human cyber defenders. In this paper, we present an initial demonstration of a cognitive model of the defender that relies on a cognitive theory of dynamic decision-making, Instance-Based Learning Theory (IBLT); we also demonstrate the execution of the same defense task by human defenders. We rely on OpenAI Gym and CybORG and adapt an existing CAGE scenario to generate a simulation experiment using an IBL defender. We also offer a new Interactive Defense Game (IDG), where \textit{human} defenders can perform the same CAGE scenario simulated with the IBL model. Our results suggest that the IBL model makes decisions against two intelligent attack agents that are similar to those observed in a subsequent human experiment. We conclude with a description of the cognitive foundations required to build autonomous intelligent cyber defense agents that can collaborate with humans in autonomous cyber defense teams.
Human-like Learning in Temporally Structured Environments
Authors: Jones Matt , Scott Tyler R. , Mozer Michael C.
Published: May 2024

Natural environments have correlations at a wide range of timescales. Human cognition is tuned to this temporal structure, as seen by power laws of learning and memory, and by spacing effects whereby the intervals between repeated training data affect how long knowledge is retained. Machine learning is instead dominated by batch iid training or else relatively simple nonstationarity assumptions such as random walks or discrete task sequences.

The main contributions of our work are:
(1) We develop a Bayesian model formalizing the brain's inductive bias for temporal structure
and show our model accounts for key features of human learning and memory.
(2) We translate the model into a new gradient-based optimization technique for neural networks that endows them with human-like temporal inductive bias and improves their performance in realistic nonstationary tasks.

Our technical approach is founded on Bayesian inference over 1/f noise, a statistical signature of many natural environments with long-range, power law correlations. We derive a new closed-form solution to this problem by treating the state of the environment as a sum of processes on different timescales and applying an extended Kalman filter to learn all timescales jointly.

We then derive a variational approximation of this model for training neural networks, which can be used as a drop-in replacement for standard optimizers in arbitrary architectures. Our optimizer decomposes each weight in the network as a sum of subweights with different learning and decay rates and tracks their joint uncertainty. Thus knowledge becomes distributed across timescales, enabling rapid adaptation to task changes while retaining long-term knowledge and avoiding catastrophic interference. Simulations show improved performance in environments with realistic multiscale nonstationarity.

Finally, we present simulations showing our model gives essentially parameter-free fits of learning, forgetting, and spacing effects in human data. We then explore the analogue of human spacing effects in a deep net trained in a structured environment where tasks recur at different rates and compare the model's behavioral properties to those of people.
Pushing the Limits of Learning from Limited Data
Authors: Malaviya Maya , Sucholutsky Ilia , Griffiths Thomas L.
Published: May 2024

What is the mechanism behind people's remarkable ability to learn from very little data, and what are its limits? Preliminary evidence suggests people can infer categories from extremely sparse data, even when they have fewer labeled examples than categories. However, the mechanisms behind this learning process are unclear. In our experiment, people learned 8 categories defined over a 2D manifold from just 4 labeled examples. Our results suggest that people are forming rich representations of the underlying categories despite this limited information. These results push the limits of how little information people need to build strong and systematic category representations.
Learning Fast and Slow: A Redux of Levels of Learning in General Autonomous Intelligent Agents
Authors: Mohan Shiwali , Laird John E.
Published: May 2024

Autonomous intelligent agents, including humans, operate in a complex, dynamic environment that necessitates continuous learning. We revisit our thesis that proposes that learning in human-like agents can be categorized into two levels: Level 1 (L1) involving innate and automatic learning mechanisms, while Level 2 (L2) comprises deliberate strategies controlled by the agent. Our thesis draws from our experiences in building artificial agents with complex learning behaviors, such as interactive task learning and open-world learning.
FinMem: A Performance-Enhanced LLM Trading Agent with Layered Memory and Character Design
Authors: Yu Yangyang , Li Haohang , Chen Zhi , Jiang Yuechen , Li Yang , Zhang Denghui , Liu Rong , Suchow Jordan W. , Khashanah Khaldoun
Published: May 2024

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited notable efficacy in question-answering (QA) tasks across diverse domains. Their prowess in integrating extensive web knowledge has fueled interest in developing LLM-based autonomous agents. While LLMs are efficient in decoding human instructions and deriving solutions by holistically processing historical inputs, transitioning to purpose-driven agents requires a supplementary rational architecture to process multi-source information, establish reasoning chains, and prioritize critical tasks. Addressing this, we introduce FinMem, a novel LLM-based agent framework devised for financial decision-making. It encompasses three core modules: Profiling, to customize the agent's characteristics; Memory, with layered message processing, to aid the agent in assimilating hierarchical financial data; and Decision-making, to convert insights gained from memories into investment decisions. Notably, FinMem's memory module aligns closely with the cognitive structure of human traders, offering robust interpretability and real-time tuning. Its adjustable cognitive span allows for the retention of critical information beyond human perceptual limits, thereby enhancing trading outcomes. This framework enables the agent to self-evolve its professional knowledge, react agilely to new investment cues, and continuously refine trading decisions in the volatile financial environment. We first compare FinMem with various algorithmic agents on a scalable real-world financial dataset, underscoring its leading trading performance in stocks. We then fine-tuned the agent's perceptual span and character setting to achieve a significantly enhanced trading performance. Collectively, FinMem presents a cutting-edge LLM agent framework for automated trading, boosting cumulative investment returns.
Prevención del síndrome de burnout en las organizaciones
Authors:   Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia, Salamanca Velandia Sandra Rocío , Pérez Torres Juan Miguel , Durán Gómez Karen Dayana , Gómez Almeyda Jhoan Leonardo , Gutiérrez Anchicoque Pablo Andrés
Published: May 2024

Esta nota de clase acerca del desgaste ocupacional (síndrome de Burnout) está dirigida a las organizaciones y a todo su cuerpo de trabajadores. Tiene como objetivo proveer estrategias para la atención del síndrome de Burnout, así como la identificación temprana de sintomatología que se desencadena a causa de la actividad laboral y que afecta significativamente la salud física, psicológica y social del individuo y, a su vez, ocasiona el aumento en la deserción laboral, deficiencias en la productividad y disminución de la calidad en la atención prestada.
Disability Inclusion and Pandemic Policymaking in South Africa: A Framework Analysis
Authors: Sherry Kate , Ned Lieketseng , Engelbrecht Madri
Published: May 2024

A growing body of research demonstrates the disproportionate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on people with disabilities. Existing inequities, especially in healthcare, were deepened during this period, highlighting the need for policymakers to consider the specific needs of people with disabilities during crises. We conducted a framework analysis of health-related policy in South Africa during 2020, investigating the extent to which the country’s pandemic response was disability-inclusive. Our findings demonstrated the limited conceptions of disability reflected in decision-making, and the general failure to consider people with disabilities in lockdown and other measures. One government department made positive statements about disability-inclusive services and support, but these were unactionable in the context of existing infrastructure and resources. In spite of South Africa’s ratification of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disability, this study demonstrated the inadequate buy-in and capacity across government to implement disability inclusion.
Theology and Policing
Authors: Leung King-Ho
Published: May 2024

This article assesses the notion of “policing” in John Perry and Joanna Leidenhag’s Science-Engaged Theology to consider the contemporary practice of theological inquiry as a theoretical endeavor. Drawing on their construal of science-engaged theology, which involves a twofold resistance towards “authoritarian” tendencies of asserting theology as the queen of the sciences as well as modernity’s “border police” who seek to exclude religion and theology from public discourse, this essay suggests that Perry and Leidenhag’s vision for science-engaged theology not only brings to light one of the ways theology is sometimes deployed as a political mechanism for policing but also how theology itself can perhaps even be considered an act of “theological de-policing.”
curricularização da extensão por meio da metodologia de projetos como propulsora de desenvolvimento regional
Authors: Cazane Ana Livia , Silva Ducatti Ana Paula , Pardo Paulo , Mesquita Serva Fernanda
Published: May 2024

O presente artigo visa demonstrar a aplicação prática da extensão universitária, agora uma exigência legal, em cursos superiores de educação a distância. Demonstra-se, com base em um case de sucesso, através de projetos integradores, utilizando-se da metodologia de ensino por projetos (MP), que envolve alunos de diferentes cursos e regiões do país, como a curricularização da extensão por um lado é desafiadora e, por outro, oferece oportunidade para aplicação prática de conhecimentos apreendidosao longo do curso, transformando realidades regionais de forma positiva. Ao final, conclui-se que a curricularização é altamente relevante para projetos pedagógicos diferenciados na educação a distância.
Matematik Dersi Öğretim Programında Okuduğunu Anlama Becerisiyle İlişkili Kazanımlara Ulaşmada Yaşanan Sorunların Belirlenmesi
Authors: Yarış Hasan Ali , Yeşilpınar Uyar Melis
Published: May 2024

Araştırmanın amacı, ikinci, üçüncü ve dördüncü sınıf matematik dersi öğretim programında ulaşılması konusunda sorun yaşanan okuduğunu anlama becerisiyle ilişkili kazanımların, süreçte yaşanan sorunların ve çözüm önerilerinin belirlenmesidir. Araştırmada karma yöntem desenlerinden açıklayıcı sıralı desen kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 167 sınıf öğretmeni oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında kazanımların gerçekleşme düzeyini belirleme anketleri ve yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formları kullanılmıştır. Nicel verilerin analizinde, frekans ve yüzde hesaplamaları yapılmıştır. Nitel verilerin analizinde ise tümevarımsal içerik analizi yaklaşımı kullanılmıştır. Sonuç olarak araştırmada; ikinci sınıf matematik dersi öğretim programında yer alan kazanımların %22,50’sine, üçüncü sınıf kazanımlarının %32’sine, dördüncü sınıf kazanımlarının ise %50,87’sine tamamen ulaşıldığı belirlenmiştir. Ulaşılması konusunda sorun yaşanan kazanımların çoğunluğunun “sayılar ve işlemler” ile “ölçme” öğrenme alanlarında yer aldığı tespit edilmiştir. Süreçte yaşanan sorunların çözümü adına; okuduğunu anlamayı destekleyen bilişsel becerilerin gelişimine, beceri kazanımını destekleyici ve değerlendirici öğretim uygulamalarına, açıklayıcı ve yönlendirici program yapısına ve destekleyici uygulama çevresine gereksinim duyulduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır.
Almanyadaki Almanca-Türkçe İkidilli Çocukların Yazılı Anlatımlarının Yanlış Çözümleme Yaklaşımına Göre İncelenmesi: NRW (Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya) Örneği
Authors: Bağcı Ayrancı Bilge , İnal Ezgi
Published: May 2024

Dil, kültürel varlığın da önemli bir parçası ve taşıyıcısıdır. Bugün, çoğu Türkiye kökenli ve Almanya doğumlu çocuklarının gelecekte de Türkçe üretici dil becerilerini aktif kullanabilmeleri Almanya’da Türkçenin varlığını sürdürmesi ve bu sayede kültürel çerçevenin gelecek nesillere aktarılması bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmanın amacı Almanya Kuzey Ren-Vestfalya (NRW)’da yaşayan ilkokul ve ortaokul kademesinde öğrenci olan Almanca-Türkçe iki dilli çocukların yazılı anlatımlarına yönelik genel özellikleri yanlış çözümleme yöntemi ile analiz etmektir. Nitel desenli araştırma olarak tasarlanan bu çalışmadaki veriler toplam 11 kız, 8 erkek öğrenciden ve Susar Kırmızı (2015) tarafından geliştirilen yaratıcı yazma etkinliği düzenlenen yazarlık atölyesi kapsamında toplanmıştır. Nitel araştırma deseninde tasarlanan bu çalışmada veri toplama yöntemi olarak doküman analizi, veri analizinde ise içerik analizi kullanılmıştır. Söz konusu yazılı anlatım ürünlerindeki hatalar yanlış çözümleme yöntemi çerçevesinde temalandırılarak kodlanmıştır. İçerik analizi ile elde edilen sonuçlar harflerin, eklerin, sözcüklerin yazımı ve sözdizimi temel temaları ile noktalama ve imla özellikleri kapsamında değerlendirilmiştir. Bu kapsamda araştırma sonuçlarının ve çözüm önerilerinin alanyazına katkı sunması beklenmektedir.
Perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 em crianças do Acre no período de 2020 a 2022
Authors: Da Costa Ruth Silva Lima , Da Costa Paula Richeller Lima , Andrade Thamyles Fernandes , De Souza Viviane Cavalcante
Published: May 2024

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil epidemiológico da COVID-19 em crianças do Acre no período de 2020 a 2022. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, de base populacional. A coleta de dados foi efetuada por meio do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de Notificação (SINAN) da Secretaria de Estado de Saúde do Acre. RESULTADOS: No período foram notificados 9.063 casos de COVID-19 em crianças, com predomínio no município de Rio Branco (3.880/43%). A maioria ocorreu na faixa etária entre 1 e 9 anos (5.523/61%). A frequência foi igual para ambos os sexos, 50% cada. O maior registro de casos foi na raça/cor parda (6.800/75%). Em 2022, observou-se aumento da doença, totalizando 4.857 casos. Quanto aos exames diagnósticos, o teste rápido de antígeno se destacou (5.136/57%). A grande maioria evoluiu para a cura (8.836; 97%). Ocorreram 13 mortes, predominantemente em meninas (8/62%), crianças com menos de 1 ano de idade (6/46%) e da raça/cor parda (7/54%), sendo a maioria no ano de 2020 (6/46%). CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados evidenciaram um número expressivo de casos de COVID-19 em crianças no estado do Acre, embora tenha ocorrido um número pequeno de óbitos.
Multiplex Labeling with Tyramide Fluorophores for Detecting CIAP-Resistant PSER129 and Proteinase K-Resistant aSyn in situ (Killinger 2024) v1
Authors: Choi Solji , Killinger Bryan
Published: May 2024

This protocol aims to examine the association of calf-intestinal alkaline phosphatase (CIAP)-resistant alpha-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (PSER129) and proteinase K (PK)-resistant alpha-synuclein (aSyn) in the mouse brain, particularly in M83 transgenic mice treated with preformed fibrils. M83 lines exhibit a notably higher abundance of endogenous PSER129 compared to wild-type mice.
Días sin nombre
Authors: Castro García Óscar
Published: May 2024

Los relatos que conforman Días sin nombre dan cuenta, a manera de un diario durante la cuarentena, de la experiencia de un escritor con las restricciones impuestas para combatir el covid-19, con el temor por el contagio del virus, con el cambio de algunas rutinas cotidianas que implicaron riesgo, trámites desgastantes e, incluso, algo de ilegalidad; en medio de la soledad y la constante pregunta por la muerte. Pero la atención del protagonista no se concentra únicamente en sí mismo: su mirada también se posa en los vecinos de su edificio, en las personas que todavía transitan la calle, en las aves que no dejan de visitar árboles y balcones, y narra cómo sigue sucediendo la vida en un momento en que el tiempo parece detenido.
The Myth of Deglobalization: Multinational Corporations in an Era of Growing Geopolitical Rivalries
Authors: Linsi Lukas , Gristwood Ellie
Published: May 2024

Globalization is past its peak, we are told. The rise of populist anti-globalization movements and the return of geopolitical rivalries among great powers in the 2010s has put an end to free-wheeling corporate global capitalism. Or has it? This article summons available data on cross-border corporate investments at the level of countries (balance of payments), firms (subsidiaries and affiliates), and corporate managers (industry surveys). It pays special attention to the period between 2015 and 2021, which spans the election of President Trump and the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic that have unsettled global politics. We analyze global patterns in foreign direct investment positions and in particular the evolution of investments by US corporations in China, arguably a “most likely case” for deglobalization. Our analyses find no evidence that economic cross-border integration is in decline. The global allocation of corporate investments across the world’s major economic regions has remained stable. US corporations have not notably reduced their global activities. If anything, their aggregate investment position in China has increased during the Trump administration’s trade war. Overall, the results cast empirical doubts on prominent narratives about the state of the global economy. Geoeconomic transformations in world economic infrastructures may well be underway, but they are better understood as new and adapted forms of internationalization rather than the end of globalization.
Risk factors for breast cancer in patients with benign breast diseases: a 10-year observational study
Authors: Shabaev R. M. , Kolyadina I. V. , Blagovestnov D. A. , Starokon P. M.
Published: May 2024

Aim. To assess risk factors for breast cancer in a large population of women with benign breast dysplasia (BBD) followed up for a long time.Materials and methods. This retrospective study included 504 women with BBD followed up for 10 years. Study participants were divided into two groups: 1) BBD patients who did not develop breast cancer within 10 years (n = 261); 2) BBD patients who developed breast cancer within 10 years (n = 243). We conducted comprehensive retrospective analysis of demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, as well as treatment details for BBD. Patient age varied between 39 and 49 years. The ten-year follow-up interval was chosen to perform adequate comparison of the groups. The differences were considered significant at p <0.05.Results. The main difference between the two groups was related to conservative treatment for BBD and its duration. Almost all (93.4 %) patients in the group without breast cancer received some conservative treatment for BBD for 78.0 ± 1.7 months, whereas among those who developed breast cancer, only 37.4 % received conservative therapy for 15.0 ± 0.8 months (p <0.001). Other significant risk factors for breast cancer in group 2 included obesity, gynecological pathology, long-term stress, and no surgical treatment for benign breast changes (p <0.001). The analysis of laboratory parameters demonstrated significantly higher levels of prolactin in patients who developed breast cancer (31 % versus 13 %; p <0.001).Conclusion. Potential risk factors for breast cancer in BBD patients include overweight, benign gynecological diseases, elevated prolactin, and long-term stress. Timely diagnosis and treatment of BBD and elimination of the abovementioned factors can significantly reduce the probability of breast cancer.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy in patients with breast cancer ycT4N0M0 after neoadjuvant drug therapy
Authors: Kurbanova M. B. , Frolova M. A. , Shidakova F. Kh. , Amosova V. A. , Gagulaeva K. V. , Margusheva M. A. , Yangirova E. V. , Petrovskiy A. V.
Published: May 2024

Sentinel lymph node biopsy is an effective clarifying diagnostic method that is actively used in various malignancies, including breast cancer. The effectiveness of this method has led to a potential expansion of the standard indications for its use. This article is devoted to the study of the effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy based on world literature data regarding the use of ycT4N0M0 in patients with breast cancer after neoadjuvant drug therapy.
Nestor Maksimovich Maksimovich-Ambodik
Authors: Magomedova S. R. , Alkhimova A. E. , Vorobev A. V.
Published: May 2024

Here, we describe the historical aspects of Nestor Maksimovich Maksimovich-Ambodik life and scientific work, as well as describe his contribution to the formation and development of obstetrics and gynecology in the Russian Empire.
The Role of the State Towards External Migration in the Aspect of Security Analysis of the Republic of Poland
Authors: Świeca Karolina
Published: May 2024

The study is an attempt to outline the issue of contemporary migration flows. Through their analysis, which is related to the security of the Republic of Poland, the author wants to emphasise the role of external migration, which has become part of the national order of many countries. The particular significance of the terminology used and the specification of potential threats to security and legal order demonstrate the thematic difficulty of the undertaken research issue.
Comparative Mythology Perspective in Legal History Science
Authors: Łuszczyński Artur
Published: May 2024

The notion of myth is used in legal science very rarely. When it appears, it usually happens in simplified, popular science publications. Basic, “classical” traces of such kind constitute rather linguistic ornaments than scientific explanations. However, in legal science we relatively often deal with statements or phenomena that do not have simple physical or material equivalents. This opens up a mythological perspective, an introduction to the world of duty, obligation, promise. The paper aims at presenting and defining myth in a way that allows one to use it in legal history without diverting its traditional meaning established in religious studies and social anthropology. The author believes that the myth is an inseparable part of the definition of law, certain views of natural law and notions of justice and human rights.
Efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza explosiva en futbolistas sub 14
Authors: Martínez-Serna Diego , Cies Valleras Francisco Javier , Lago-Fuentes Carlos
Published: May 2024

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar los efectos del entrenamiento de fuerza explosiva en futbolistas sub-14. La muestra estuvo formada por 12 niños de la categoría infantil (12-13 años), los cuales se sometieron a un programa de entrenamiento orientado a la fuerza explosiva de 7 sesiones (2/semana), Además, se realizaron los test de CMJ (Countermovement Jump) y 10x5m antes y después del programa con el fin de observar diferencias en los resultados. Las variables para analizar fueron la altura de salto en CMJ y el tiempo de ejecución del 10x5 m. Los resultados fueron positivos, pero no estadísticamente significativos, en el CMJ (p>0.005, p=0.414, d= 3.11 y 2.536). Los jugadores mejoraron la altura del salto en el post test (+0.4 cm) a nivel general. En RSA 10x5 m (p=0.063, d pretest=0.947, d post test= 0.958), los jugadores redujeron el tiempo de ejecución a nivel general a (-0.4 seg.).  Un programa de entrenamiento de fuerza basado en la fuerza explosiva mejora levemente la altura de salto en CMJ y el tiempo de ejecución en RSA 10x5m.
Comparación de altura de salto y la potencia del tren inferior entre jugadores de balonmano y baloncesto semiprofesionales cántabros en función de la posición y el género
Authors: Barcala-Furelos Martín , Benítez García Sergio , Cagigas Santisteban Rodrigo , García-Romero Cristina , Ramos-Álvarez Oliver
Published: May 2024

Los objetivos de la investigación fueron (1) realizar un análisis descriptivo para comparar la altura de salto y la potencia del tren inferior entre jugadores de baloncesto y balonmano en función del género e (2) identificar la posición del jugador con mayor potencia intradeporte. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la altura de salto y potencia del tren inferior, capacidad considerada determinante en los deportes de balonmano y baloncesto. Por medio de la herramienta OptoGait®, se valoró la altura de salto y la potencia del tren inferior mediante el test de salto con contramovimiento (CMJ), a un total de 49 sujetos distribuidos en 4 equipos, 2 de baloncesto uno masculino y otro femenino y 2 de balonmano de igual manera uno masculino y otro femenino. Los resultados evidencian que los hombres obtuvieron resultados más elevados de salto y  potencia que las mujeres en ambos deportes, que los parámetros de altura de salto y potencia entre el baloncesto y en balonmano son similares pero cuanta mayor es la categoría mayores son los valores de salto y potencia. Para el género masculino la posición de balonmano con mayor altura de salto, es el extremo y para el baloncesto, son los aleros, en el género femenino, las extremos obtuvieron un los resultados más altos en balonmano al igual que las aleros en baloncesto. Sin embargo, se encontraron diferencias en la posición con mayor potencia entre géneros. La posición que obtuvo la mayor diferencia en la potencia, fueron las pivotes de balonmano y para baloncesto, las pívots. Se concluye que según el género no existe diferencia entre los deportes en deportistas de Cantabria. Los resultados no se ajustan a la realidad científica, esto puede ser debido a la diferencia de categoría existente entre los equipos de la muestra obtenida y al perfil antropométrico de los jugadores.
Relación entre el índice de masa corporal y las habilidades de locomoción en escolares de primaria
Authors: Campos-Campos Kevin , Cossio-Bolaños Marco , Gómez-Campos Rossana , Castelli Correia de Campos Luis Felipe , Teixeira Fabricio dos Santos Luiz Gustavo , Luarte-Rocha Cristian
Published: May 2024

El Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC) es un indicador ampliamente utilizado en poblaciones pediátricas. Estudios vinculan un IMC alto con menor coordinación motora y riesgo de sobrepeso en niños. El objetivo de este trabajo fue relacionar el IMC con las habilidades de locomoción (HL) en escolares de ambos sexos de un colegio estatal de Chile. Participaron 70 escolares (35 niños y 35 niñas) con una edad promedio de 10.1±0.37 años pertenecientes a colegios municipales. Se evaluó el peso y estatura con el objetivo de calcular el IMC categorizando por medio de las directrices internacionales para niños y adolescentes, por otra parte, se evaluó las HL por medio del test TGMD-2. Se utilizó la prueba T de student para comparación entre sexos y la prueba de correlación de Pearson para la relación entre las variables de estudio. Hubo correlación negativa entre el IMC con las HL en ambos sexos. En niños fue de -0,24 (p< 0,05) y en niñas fue de -0,16 (p< 0,05). Los niños de ambos sexos, mostraron mejor rendimiento en las HL cuando fueron categorizado con normopeso en comparación con los de exceso de peso (EP) (p<0,05). Hubo relación negativa entre el IMC con las HL, lo que permite destacar que el EP en niños de ambos sexos puede ser un factor relevante que condiciona el desempeño de las HL en niños de ambos sexos.
Oral Candidiasis in Patients with Level CD4+ Below 50
Authors: Lukisari Cane , Rahman Kurnia Hayati , Nafi’ah Nafi’ah , Setianingtyas Dwi , Femilian Afryla
Published: May 2024

Approximately 90% of individuals diagnosed with HIV/AIDS have encountered Oral Candidiasis during the progression of their disease, especially in patients with a reduced CD4+ 200 mm3. Oral Candidiasis is a prevalent opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. Reported a case of a patient with oral candidiasis in an HIV/AIDS with CD4+ below 50 and discussed the mechanism of molecular relationship decreasing count CD4+ with virulence of Candida Albicans. In this report, we present a case of a 35-year-old female who presented with oral candidiasis. The patient's CD4+ count test revealed a level below 50 and HIV test I-II-III reactive. Human immunodeficiency Virus causes a decrease in CD4+ count and leads to opportunistic oral candidiasis infection.
Tutorial and Lecture Activities on Deep Online Learning in Dentistry
Authors: Febria Nyka Dwi , Putri Lulu Hasnadianti
Published: May 2024

Online learning has become a new normal in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, this learning mode has brought many challenges that can impact the learning experience. The study aims to evaluate student feedback on the online learning model and identify any challenges that require attention to enhance the quality of Dentistry education at Muhammadiyah University of Yogyakarta. This research is a descriptive observational study that utilized a cross-sectional approach. A modified questionnaire comprising 27 questions was distributed to collect the data. It was found that most of the 277 surveyed students agreed that implementing online learning in tutorial activities had a positive impact. Notably, 47.3% of the students found the online tutorial activities to be an excellent way to learn the material, while an equal number of students, 47.3% believed that they developed their tolerance during the online tutorial group sessions. Furthermore, the student responses to the online lecture activities were also positive, with 40.8% of the students finding comfort in the recorded classes, while 37.2% better understood the material through the online lectures. As for student satisfaction, the majority of the surveyed students expressed their satisfaction with the online learning experience regarding the material 52%, learning strategy 40,4%, availability of e-resources 49,1%, and assistance provided 42,6%.  Students responded positively to online learning in tutorials and lectures and reported overall satisfaction with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Życie świadome. O nowoczesnej prozie intelektualnej Ireny Krzywickiej
Authors: Zawiszewska Agata
Published: May 2024

The work is devoted to the interwar literary and social publicism by Irena Krzywicka. It is divided into four chapters. These are actually separate studies related to one another in the form of growing and expansion.
The aim of the first study is to present a wide cultural context from which Krzywicka’s consciousness and literary output arise. In its historical aspect the following periods have been distinguished: growing up in the exile family of intelligentsia, education and marriage with Jerzy Krzywicki, the son of Ludwik Krzywicki, a great scholar; cooperation with the newspapers “Blok” [Bloc] and “Wiadomości Literackie” [Literary News] (since 1924); friendship with Tadeusz Żeleński-Boy (since 1928). In its structural aspect Jewishness, avant-garde, sociology and socialism have been distinguished. The second study is Genealogy where the genres of intellectual prose by Krzywicka like interviews, literary and theatre reviews, feature articles and court reports have been analysed and interpreted. After Genealogy there is Ideology, that is the chapter devoted to “what” Krzywicka managed to say about the contemporary literature and morals. The subject of the last chapter, Archeology, is the interwar reception of Krzywicka’s views expressed in newspaper articles.
The ‘braces’ of A Conscious Life are constituted by Introduction (the presentation of the research state on publicism by Krzywicka and the aim of the author’s book – showing the continuity of the Polish feminist movement) and Conclusion. The last part of it is the catalogue of the interwar newspaper articles by Krzywicka.
Translated by Joanna Witkowska
Especificações de Referência: Um estudo sobre o controle biológico na agricultura orgânica brasileira
Authors: Sousa Jeremias Marques de , Sampaio Renata Martins
Published: May 2024

A produção orgânica tem na oferta de insumos um importante desafio, os bioinsumos para controle biológico, por meio das especificações de referência, são colocados como soluções promissoras. Dessa forma, este artigo analisou a participação dos bioinsumos para controle biológico na agricultura orgânica brasileira. Para tanto, caracterizou o cenário da agricultura orgânica e do controle biológico e, em seguida, realizou, em duas etapas de pesquisa, a análise de opiniões de especialistas em produção orgânica. Os resultados posicionaram a expansão da produção e do mercado de orgânicos, assim como do controle biológico, atividades permeadas por políticas públicas. Apontaram, ainda, os bioinsumos como tecnologias pouco conhecidas e pouco utilizadas pelos produtores orgânicos, principalmente, os pequenos e médios, situação também observada para os instrumentos previstos nas especificações de referência, também carentes de difusão. Por fim, os resultados indicaram que a superação deste cenário está na integração entre as políticas em execução, os movimentos sociais e as ações empresariais, associada ao fomento da pesquisa e da extensão rural.
Morfogênese de híbridos de sorgo para pastejo em função do espaçamento entre linhas
Authors: Santos Thiago Martins dos , Santos Perlon Maia dos , Araujo Vera Lúcia de , Santos José Geraldo Donizetti dos , Negreiros Neto João Vidal de , Faria Ana Flavia Gouveia de , Santos Antonio Clementino dos
Published: May 2024

O plantio de híbridos de sorgo para pastejo é alternativa para a produção de forragem no estado do Tocantins. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características de morfogênese de híbridos de sorgo, para pastejo, e identificar a densidade de plantas que promove melhor rendimento. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 2 x 4, com quatro repetições, totalizando 32 unidades experimentais. O primeiro fator representou dois híbridos de sorgo (BRS 800 e CMSXS 766), ao passo que o segundo fator contemplou quatro níveis de espaçamento entre linhas (15, 30, 45 e 60 cm). As variáveis analisadas foram Acúmulo de forragem verde, taxa de alongamento de folhas, taxa de alongamento de colmos, número de folhas vivas por perfilho, taxa de aparecimento de folhas, comprimento final de folhas e filocrono. O híbrido de sorgo para pastejo CMSXS 766, utilizado no espaçamento de 15 cm entre linhas (800.000 mil plantas por hectare), é o mais indicado para atingir maiores produtividades nas condições impostas. Os híbridos de sorgo BRS 800 e CMSXS 766 são viáveis no estado do Tocantins podendo ser aproveitados até a terceira rebrotação.
Enraizadores alternativos na estaquia de frutíferas
Authors: Dantas Gabriel Batista , Fagundes Nathalle Cristine Alencar
Published: May 2024

O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sistemática sobre a utilização de enraizadores alternativos no estímulo à rizogênese de frutíferas, analisando os métodos utilizados e sua eficácia, sob a hipótese de que os enraizadores alternativos promovem a rizogênese efetiva em frutíferas de interesse comercial, tanto quanto os enraizadores comerciais. Para tal, utilizou-se o Google Acadêmico como plataforma de busca, utilizando as 10 primeiras abas, em cada um dos descritores de busca. Foram encontrados 426 trabalhos científicos no total, e utilizados 263, de acordo com o método de seleção aplicado. Destes, 166 estavam em português e 97 em inglês; 228 tratavam de enraizadores convencionais, e 35 de enraizadores alternativos. 53% do total de artigos publicados, tratavam de frutíferas, porém, apenas 11% utilizaram enraizadores alternativos. O enraizador alternativo mais utilizado foi o extrato aquoso de Cyperus rotundus L. (Cyperaceae), e o fitormônio mais utilizado foi o Ácido Indolbutírico (AIB), para comparação com os tratamentos.  No geral, os enraizadores alternativos apresentaram resultado satisfatório ou melhor que os tratamentos comerciais utilizados, o que demonstra a viabilidade da utilização destes no enraizamento de estacas.
Exploring menopausal dynamics: a cross-sectional analysis of age, symptomatology, and sociodemographic influences in a developing population of women aged 40-60
Authors: Engindeniz Fatma Tuba , Erturk Anıl , Aytekin Necla
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Menopause, a biological milestone, marks a pivotal phase in women's lives characterized by ovarian function cessation and age-related changes. Our objective was to investigate menopausal symptoms and knowledge among women aged 40-60 years.
Methods: This cross-sectional epidemiological study was conducted between June 1 and September 30, 2005, in the Nilufer Public Health Education and Research Area (NPHERA) region, aimed to assess menopausal symptoms and their correlates among 1013 women aged 40-60. The individuals included in the study were selected through a systematic sampling method, stratified by neighborhood weights and age groups based on the NPHERA 2004 Work Report and regional data, as well as information from the Health Centers Information System (HCIS), where the Electronic Health Records (EHR) are registered.
Results: The mean age of natural menopause was found to be 46.7±4.8 years, showcasing sociodemographic factors' influence. Postmenopausal women experienced higher rates of symptoms, with physical and mental exhaustion (82.8%), irritability (78.4%), and depressive mood (76.4%) prevailing. Logistic regression revealed that employment status significantly influenced menopausal status. Moreover, the age at menopause correlated positively with the age of the woman's mother.
Conclusions: This study contributes insights into menopausal experiences in developing countries, emphasizing the need for tailored healthcare approaches. Longitudinal investigations are warranted to comprehensively understand these associations and enhance women's quality of life during menopause.
Resident Representation in Parks: Identifying Gaps and Promoting Equitable Engagement
Authors: Daniels Margaret J. , Powers Sammie L.
Published: May 2024

Parks, greenspaces, and other outdoor recreation resources provide a range of physical, social, and emotional benefits to users, thus providing a highly valued community service. While park managers’ commitment to inclusive excellence is genuine, the fact remains that visitors are not always collectively representative of the local communities served, meaning that the benefits available through engagement in parks are seldom equitably distributed. The purpose of this study is to analyze resident representation in four parks with diverse recreational opportunities and to set forth management strategies that address areas of underrepresentation. Four parks located in Montgomery County, Maryland (US) were selected for this study. Twelve days of onsite data collection allowed for the documentation of park visitor activities and select demographics. Results indicated statistically significant overrepresentation and underrepresentation based on age at three parks and race/ethnicity at all four parks. Some parks had usership that was predominantly oriented toward one racial/ethnic or age group meaning that other groups were moderately to severely underrepresented. Management implications specific to leveraging data, diversifying park amenities, and offering how-to programming are explored.
A Study on the Selectivity of Different Fishing Gear
Authors:   Narajole Raj College, Narajole-721211, Paschim Medinipur, West Bengal, India, Mandal Basudev
Published: May 2024

The selectivity of fishing gears plays a pivotal role in shaping the dynamics of aquatic ecosystems and fisheries sustainability. Through a comprehensive examination of trawl nets, gill nets, and longlines, this paper delves into the factors influencing selectivity, including gear design, selectivity criteria, selectivity terminologies, selection curves, and impacts. Drawing upon scientific research, empirical evidence, and case studies from around the world, this paper highlights the effectiveness of different selectivity measures in balancing the extraction of target species with the conservation of non-target species and habitat integrity. By synthesizing current knowledge and emerging trends in fishing gear selectivity, this review paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, fishers, scientists, and conservationists striving to navigate the complex interplay between human exploitation and ecological resilience in aquatic environments.
Grass Species Diversity and Conservation in Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary, Telangana, India
Authors:   Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Indian Botanic Garden, Howrah, 711103, West Bengal, India, Swamy J. , Jalander V.
Published: May 2024

This study delves into the diversity of grass species within the Shivaram Wildlife Sanctuary, located in Telangana State, identifying 51 species belonging to 36 genera and 7 tribes. Among the seven tribes, Andropogoneae dominated with 18 species and 15 genera, followed by Paniceae with 12 species and 9 genera, Cynodonteae with 9 species and 8 genera and Eragrostideae, Aristideae, Paspaleae, and Bambuseae are represented by each single genus and 6, 3, 2, and 1 species respectively. Preserving this diversity is vital for ecosystem resilience amid environmental changes. Conservation efforts are needed to safeguard the sanctuary's grasslands, which are ecologically and culturally significant. Our research informs wildlife management and habitat restoration strategies, emphasizing holistic biodiversity conservation and sustainability approaches.
Probiotic Abilities of Lactobacillus spp. Isolated from Algerian Fermented Wheat ‘Hamoum’ intended to Use in Broiler Production
Authors: Abbad A. , Dahou A.A. , Tahlaiti H. , Homrani M. , Meskini Z. , Bounaama K. , Homrani A.
Published: May 2024

Background: The use of probiotics has become popular in the broiler poultry industry due to its positive results on the health of animals, as well as the safety of consumers. In general, probiotics are isolated and selected In vitro from several sources. Despite this, only a few studies focused on isolating probiotics from cereals, which are the main natural food source for poultry. This study aimed to evaluate and identify an autochthonous Lactobacillus spp. isolated from Algerian fermented wheat “Hamoum” as potential probiotics for use in broiler feed. Methods: This research was conducted over the period between 2019-2022. Five bacterial isolates of the genus Lactobacillus were tested for their hemolysis activity, exopolysaccharides production, the ability to withstand the simulated hostile conditions of the chicken’s gut and their capacity to acidify the concentrate feed beverage. Finally, molecular identification was performed using the REP-PCR technique. Result: These isolates were found to produce exopolysaccharides and have no hemolytic activity. Also, could tolerate simulated gastric acidity. However, only three isolates were able to survive in the presence of bile salts and were found to have a high capacity for acidifying medium in a relatively short time. These isolates were identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus and Lactobacillus plantarum subsp plantarum. Those strains can be considered safe candidate probiotics for use in broiler feeds feed. Further studies are needed to investigate and evaluate the effectiveness of these isolates through an in vivo experiment on broiler chickens.
Effects of Liquidambar Orientalis Oil on Liver and Kidneys in Heathy Wistar Rats
Authors: Kıyıcı R. , Karaayvaz B.K. , Akkan H.A. , Karaca M. , Özyıldız Z. , Kart A. , Garlı S.
Published: May 2024

Background: Nowadays, the tendency towards alternative herbal therapies has increased due to the side effects of drugs. However, since the contents, method of use, dosage and toxic effects of herbal products are not fully known, undesirable situations are occasionally encountered. However, there are many experimental studies on the cytotoxicity of L. orientalis oil, most of these studies are in vivo modelling. In this study, the cytotoxic effects of L. orientalis oil on the liver and kidneys were investigated in healthy rats by oral administered. Methods: The study material consisted of 18 female Wistar albino rats (190-280 g) aged 8-10 weeks. All animals were housed under optimal temperature, light and humidity conditions and fed with normal rat pellet food ad libitum. Housing conditions were checked daily. Three groups were organized as L. orientalis oil, olive oil and control group, respectively. Each group consisted of 6 rats.
L. orientalis oil group: L. orientalis oil (150 mg/kg) dissolved olive oil (0.6 mL).
Olive oil group: Olive oil (0.6 mL).
Control group: Empty gavage.
The entire trial was performed by intragastric gavage once a day for 14 days. Result: The obtained data showed that serum biochemical parameters remained within normal ranges in oral use of Liquidambar orientalis oil (150 mg/kg) and did not show any difference with the control and olive oil groups. No pathological changes related to cytotoxicity were found in the samples taken from liver and kidney tissues.
Impacts of Vermicompost and Farmyard Manure as Organic Fertilizer with Biochar Amendment on Soil Quality, Growth and Yield of Sunflower
Authors: Islam Shams Shaila , Anik Rakib Bin , Hasan Ahmed Khairul , Karim Rashed , Khomphet Thanet
Published: May 2024

Background: Sunflower is an economically important and the fourth most valuable oil seed crop. The study aimed to investigate organic fertilizers as an alternative method of enhancing soil quality and to determine the optimal combination of organic fertilizer treatments for sunflower growth performance and yield. Methods: The sunflower variety BARI Surjamukhi-2 was used in this study. The treatments were applied as T1= Control; T2= Farmyard Manure @ 2 t ha-1; T3= Vermicompost @2 t ha-1; T4= Biochar @2 t ha-1; T5= Farmyard Manure @1 t ha-1+Vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1; T6= Farmyard Manure @1 t ha-1+Biochar @1 t ha-1 and T7= Vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1+Biochar @1 t ha-1. Result: The data showed that application of different organic fertilizer treatments improves soil quality. Organic fertilizer addition had a positive effect on the growth traits like plant height, leaves number plant-1, stem diameter, chlorophyll content, head diameter, fresh and dry seed number head-1, 1,000-seed weight and seed yield. The correlation results strongly agreed that chlorophyll content, fresh seed number, head diameter plant-1 and 1,000-seed weight could be considered as selection indices for high yield of sunflower. This demonstrates the organic fertilizer’s capacity to improve sunflower growth and yield, as well as its significant potential to replace chemical fertilizers in the perspective of crop sustainability.