bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Successen en rafelrandjes: Stelselwijzigingen in het Openbaar Vervoer
Authors: Veeneman Wijnand
Published: March 2015

Successes and raw edges – Public transport reforms

During the 1980s and 1990s, successive Dutch governments reformed public transport by introducing market-type mechanisms. However, these New Public Management-style reforms have only been introduced half-heartedly because governments also tried to avoid the negative effects of NPM. On some fronts, the reforms have undoubtedly led to improved quality (better and newer material) and more choice for governments regarding how to organize public transport because there are several new providers. But on other fronts, these positive effects have been hampered by fragmentation, leading to calls for another overhaul of the system. This article chronicles the developments in public transport and discusses which new steps could be taken.
De bestuurlijke organisatie in Nederland: spanningsvelden en veranderstrategieën
Authors: Paardekooper Cees , ter Braak Harry
Published: March 2015

Changes in structure of the Dutch state: tensions and strategies for change

The Dutch Minister for the Interior Ronald Plasterk has proposed far-reaching reforms for the structuring of the Dutch nation state. These reforms include decentralising tasks to municipalities and merging several provinces. So far, these plans have met with criticism and derision. This article discusses the tensions included in Plasterk’s plans and proposes several strategies for how change could still be possible.
Lessen en conclusies uit vier keer stelselwijziging
Authors: Karré Philip Marcel , Paardekooper Cees
Published: March 2015

Lessons and conclusions from four case studies on public management reform

This concluding article of our special issue on public management reform in the Netherlands summarizes the information presented in the individual articles. We conclude that reform is often an incremental process, aimed at streamlining existing governance arrangements rather than creating and rolling out grand new designs.
Intergemeentelijk samenwerken: het kan ook licht
Authors: van den Dool Leon , Schaap Linze
Published: March 2015

Inter-municipal Cooperation: light if possible. Exploration of light forms of inter-municipal cooperation

Many tasks will be decentralized to municipalities in the Netherlands in the coming years. To deal with these challenges, central government encourages municipal mergers, while municipalities often prefer a light form of cooperation. Since municipal boarders are converging less and less with the boarders inhabitants experience in their daily lives, municipalities feel free to cooperate in a variety of ways with other partners. This poses new challenges to democratic legitimacy, effectiveness and the role local authorities play. Local governments therefore do not need new regulations or legal forms of co-operations, but rather a repertoire fitting their role. We argue that local governments need to analyse their tasks, choose the form of cooperation that fits best and develop a repertoire for their cooperation. Light forms of cooperation are very important for developing a variety of cooperative forms and roles local governments need to play.
De complexiteit van ‘loslaten’
Authors: Breed Kees
Published: March 2015

The complexity of ‘letting go’

In this contribution, Kees Breed of the Dutch Council for Public Administration reflects on Roel in ‘t Veld’s discussion of the 2012 Council’s report ‘Letting go and public trust’ in the previous issue of Bestuurskunde (vol. 22, issue 3, pp. 88-94). The discussion focuses on the report’s shortcomings regarding the analysis of tensions and conflicts between government, market, and society. In ‘t Veld regrets that understandings from complex systems’ theories were not used. In this reaction, Breed argues that in order to contribute to the current debates, theoretical and abstract concepts from systems’ theories will have to be confronted and matched with the actual experiences by practitioners. Reports as the one discussed, published by Advisory Coucil’s, stimulate debate and can thus contribute to bridge this gap.
L2 Vocabulary Learning From a Lexicultural Approach: Perceptions of a Small Group of Primary Education Students
Authors: Alcaraz Mármol Gema
Published: March 2015

The Common European Framework of Reference (2001) states that the communicative ability in a target language is partly based on the development of attitudes so that students are able to establish a relationship in an intercultural context. Some scholars state that language and culture are difficult to separate, as both constitute an integrated part of what is called Lexiculture. The present study shows the students’ attitudes after implementing the lexicultural approach in a foreign language classroom. The aim is to find out which effect the lexicultural approach has on students’ views about culture and language learning. Results show that the lexicultural approach raised motivation and widened the students’ knowledge of the target words.
Potential Inclusion of Multiple Intelligences in Jordanian EFL Textbooks: A Content Analysis
Authors: Al-Omari Taghrid Ahmad , Bataineh Ruba Fahmi , Smadi Oqlah Mahmoud
Published: March 2015

This study examines the potential incorporation of the principles of Multiple Intelligences Theory in the Jordanian EFL textbooks.  More specifically, it reports on a content analysis of Action Pack textbooks for the first-, fourth-, eighth- and eleventh-grades by means of content analysis. The findings reveal that the moral, existential and spiritual intelligences are not incorporated in the activities of the textbooks under study; the verbal/linguistic, intrapersonal and spatial/visual intelligences are relatively more incorporated than other intelligences; and the inclusion of multiple intelligences is fairly unbalanced in the four textbooks.
Una propuesta de adaptación del Marco Europeo para los ESL
Authors: Coehlo Elizabeth , Oller Judith , Serra Josep Maria
Published: March 2015

En este artículo abordamos la evaluación del progreso lingüístico del alumnado inmigrante o minoritario que empieza a aprender la lengua de la escuela años después que sus compañeros nativos, ya sea catalán, castellano, u otra lengua del país o una lengua extranjera, como en las aulas de CLIL donde le lengua vehicular es el inglés o el francés, por ejemplo. Este alumnado (que llamamos  ESL, estudiantes de una segunda lengua o de una lengua adicional para fines escolares) lleva una doble carga, aprendiendo de forma simultánea el contenido curricular y la lengua vehicular de la escuela. Es importante seguir el progreso de  los ESL para saber cómo y cuánto  adaptar el currículo para que éste sea alcanzable para los ESL de varios niveles de competencia lingüística, y para garantizar que estos alumnos sigan desarrollando sus habilidades lingüísticas hasta que lleguen al nivel que tienen sus compañeros de la misma edad.
Lettre de l’éditrice
Authors: Dooly Melinda
Published: March 2015

Nous commençons notre premier numéro de 2015 avec des nouveautés intéressantes. Le changement plus visible est la couverture de notre journal, avec les images sélectionnées par EINA (Escola de Disseny i Art, Barcelona). Ces images ont fait partie de notre revue depuis 2011; maintenant, elles seront  présentes à la fois sur la couverture du volume et sur la page d'accueil de la revue. Nous avons aussi un logo modernisé, conçu par le Servei de Publicacions, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona.En reconnaissance de notre présence croissante en ligne, nous avons un numéro DOI pour l'ensemble de nos articles. (...)
Reseña. Language and muslim immigrant childhoods: The politics of belonging, por M.I. García-Sánchez
Authors: Llompart Esbert Julia
Published: March 2015

García-Sánchez muestra, a través de un extenso y rico estudio etnográfico en Vallenuevo, un pequeño pueblo al sureste de Madrid, cómo niños y niñas inmigrantes marroquís manejan las políticas de pertenencia en sus interacciones diarias en diversos ámbitos de sus vidas. A través de una clara y necesaria introducción, siete capítulos y una conclusión, la autora nos transporta a la realidad de la vida diaria de estos niños y niñas mostrándonos cómo son capaces de navegar en las políticas, tanto locales como transnacionales, de inclusión o exclusión en un momento histórico y político de ‘crisis de los modelos de integración’ y de miedo y sospecha frente a lo musulmán.
Silatuniq: Respectful state of being in the world
Authors: Annahatak Betsy
Published: March 2015

This paper focuses on silatuniq, a mode of being respectful or wise toward all that one encounters and interacts with in the world. Based on my personal background, I try to explain how Inuit in my region were culturally raised from childhood to adulthood to acquire values, skills, and knowledge to become competent in our society. This article is the result of my lifelong experience of having lived during a phase of cultural transition, from hunting camps to community life, then having lived as a student during the introduction of mainstream schooling in Kangirsuk, and finally working as an educator to make changes in Inuit education. A diagram illustrates how silatuniq, a sign of maturity, can be visualized as the central goal of the development of Inuit children as they acquire interrelated customary values and cultural rules. Hopefully this goal can apply to today’s Inuit schooling.
Music and change in Nain, Nunatsiavut: More White does not always mean less Inuit
Authors: Artiss Tom
Published: March 2015

This paper focuses on Inuitized Western music in Nain, Labrador, as part of a broader look at Inuit responses to change. Drawing on interviews and sustained ethnographic research, I show how a relaxing of strict socio-musical categories coincided with a decline in Moravian missionary influence in the second half of the 20th century. A notable indifference to musical difference is, I suggest, consistent with an Inuit equanimity toward environmental forces of change that cannot be helped (ajunamat). I then give reasons why discursive imbalances are a continued concern and show how the effects of sustained colonial and missionary activity (hybridities, mixtures, overlaps, co-presences) do not always produce the emotional and psychic dissonances sometimes associated with postcolonial ambivalence. Ultimately, I propose thinking of Inuitized Western musical forms as visible protrusions of a much deeper substrate of affective continuities and that such inherited ways of being in the world can remain constant even while specific cultural forms may change.
Le Nunavut: une composition inachevée?
Authors: Rodon Thierry
Published: March 2015

L’expérience du Nunavut est basée sur un compromis entre la volonté des Inuit de reconquérir une certaine autonomie et celle du gouvernement fédéral d’assurer sa souveraineté sur l’Arctique canadien et d’obtenir une certitude juridique pour l’exploitation des ressources du Nunavut. Dans ce contexte, on peut se demander si le gouvernement du Nunavut donne plus d’autonomie aux Inuit ou s’il s’agit simplement d’une structure postcoloniale qui répond principalement aux normes de rationalité occidentales. Le concept de «composition» proposé par Latour nous offre une façon de comprendre les relations entre la gouverne inuit et occidentale au Nunavut. Dans cet article, ce sont donc les interrelations des acteurs, des visions et des institutions qui forment le cadre de notre analyse de la composition du Nunavut. Après une caractérisation de la gouverne dans les sociétés inuit, nous verrons à travers l’analyse des compromis, des institutions et des pratiques du Nunavut comment gouvernance inuit et rationalité gouvernementale occidentale interagissent au sein du nouveau territoire.
Le pouvoir du «non» dans le processus d’autonomie politique au Nunavik
Authors: Hervé Caroline
Published: March 2015

Cet article propose d’analyser le cheminement vers l’autonomie politique au Nunavik sous un nouvel angle et de comprendre quelles difficultés les Nunavimmiut ont pu rencontrer au cours des 40 dernières années pour mettre en oeuvre ce projet. En s’appuyant sur une perspective relationnelle et ontologique, il montre que les Nunavimmiut envisagent moins l’autonomie politique comme une séparation ou une rupture que comme un processus à travers lequel ils tentent de préserver leur relation avec l’État. Les Nunavimmiut partagent majoritairement cette idée qu’un bon gouvernement, qu’il soit fédéral, provincial ou régional, doit consulter le peuple et combler ses besoins. Cette conception octroie aux instances gouvernementales une fonction de pourvoyeur et les placent dans une position de pouvoir. Dans ce contexte, l’autonomie politique est conçue comme un processus à travers lequel les Nunavimmiut tentent de redéfinir la place qu’ils occupent au sein de cette relation de pouvoir. Cela passe notamment par l’acquisition de savoirs pertinents à la conduite d’une société moderne et dans ce processus, ils doivent être accompagnés par les gouvernements. Alors que les voix affirmant le désir de parler aux gouvernements sur un pied d’égalité étaient minoritaires dans les années 1970 et 1980, les événements entourant le référendum du 27 avril 2011 laissent penser qu’opposer un «non» aux entités gouvernementales a trouvé une nouvelle légitimité.
Fish pluralities: Human-animal relations and sites of engagement in Paulatuuq, Arctic Canada
Authors: Todd Zoe
Published: March 2015

This article explores human-fish relations as an under-theorized “active site of engagement” in northern Canada. It examines two case studies that demonstrate how the Inuvialuit of Paulatuuq employ “fish pluralities” (multiple ways of knowing and defining fish) to negotiate the complex and dynamic pressures faced by humans, animals, and the environment in contemporary Arctic Canada. I argue that it is instructive for all Canadians to understand the central role of humans and animals, together, as active agents in political and colonial processes in northern Canada. By examining human-fish relationships, as they have unfolded in Paulatuuq over the last 50 years, we may develop a more nuanced understanding of the dynamic strategies that northern Indigenous people, including the Paulatuuqmiut (people from Paulatuuq), use to navigate shifting environmental, political, legal, social, cultural, and economic realities in Canada’s North. This article thus places fish and people, together, as central actors in the political landscape of northern Canada. I also hypothesize a relational framework for Indigenous-State reconciliation discourses in Canada today. This framework expands southern political and philosophical horizons beyond the human and toward a broader societal acknowledgement of complex and dynamic relationships between people, fish, and the land in Paulatuuq.
‘All the evidence is that Cobargo is slipping’: An ecological approach to rural cinema-going
Authors: Bowles Kate
Published: March 2015

This paper considers the impact of extra-filmic elements on the cultural decision-making behaviours of a small rural Australian cinema audience, focusing on the rural New South Wales village of Cobargo in the late 1920s. In considering how why such fragile rural picture show operations either failed or became successful, it is critical to take account of rural geographies, particularly in terms of early road development, and the nature and state of road bridges in flood-prone areas. The paper argues that these elements are part of a broad ecosystemic framework for cultural decision-making which can assist in our interpretation of early newspaper advertising and promotion for picture show programs.
Flicker Alley: Cecil Court and the Emergence of the British Film Industry
Authors: Brown Simon
Published: March 2015

Cecil Court is a small pedestrian passageway in the London Borough of Westminster. Under its more famous name of Flicker Alley, it is also the mythic birthplace and romantic heart of the early British film industry. This essay sets aside romantic myths and adopts the economic theory,of agglomeration, using the film businesses moving in and out of Cecil Court as a case study to demonstrate the changing patterns within the industry. In doing so it charts the growth patterns and expansion of the British film industry from 1897 to 1911. It shows its development from its origins,in equipment manufacture, through to production and finally to rental and cinema building and outfitting, marking the transition from its small-scale artisan-led beginnings into a large and complex network of distinct but interlocking film businesses.
The Missing Link: Film Renters in Manchester, 1910-1920
Authors: Brown Richard
Published: March 2015

Although film renting began in Britain in London, the rapid spread of cinemas after 1910 meant that there was a demand for distribution closer to the sites of exhibition. As a long-established trading centre, Manchester was well placed to become the hub for Northern distribution, and local trade directories list distributors from 1912 onwards. These clustered at first near Victoria Station, but soon moved to Deansgate, as independent distributors began to outnumber branch offices of the major companies. The life-expectancy of these was short, and the First Worlds War affected their business, but they remain an important and under-researched aspect of the early British cinema business.
Kissing and Killing: A Short History of Brighton on Film
Authors: Gray Frank
Published: March 2015

Over fifty feature films have been made either in or about Brighton and they have all contributed to popular understandings of Brighton‘s history and its character. Collectively, they present the city as a site for extreme emotions and conflicts found within narratives that are always set either on the seafront or at the Royal Pavilion. It can be argued that these Brighton films are not about Brighton at all but instead serve as vehicles for the expression of popular anxieties, concerns and desires. As such, they transcend the specificities of place and history and become projections of what could be described as a national unconscious.
Cinemas in the City: Berlin‘s Public Space in the 1910s and 1920s
Authors: Flickinger Brigitte
Published: March 2015

In the early years of the cinema and into the 1910s and 1920s, it was less the film than cinema-going itself that attracted urban publics. In this era, people were enthusiastic about technology and the achievements of modernity; while at the same time they felt anxious about the rapid and radical changes in their social and economic life. In Germany, this contradictory experience was especially harsh and perceptible in the urban metropolis of Berlin. The article demonstrates how within city life, Berlin cinemas – offering the excitement of innovation as well as optimal distraction and entertainment – provided an urban space where, by cinema-going, appeal and uncertainty could be positively reconciled.
Apotheosis or Apparition?: Bombay and the Village in 1990s Women‘s Cinema
Authors: Sawhney Rashmi
Published: March 2015

This article examines the representation of Bombay in Aruna Raje‘s Rihaee (1988) and Sai Paranjpyes Disha (1990). It has been argued here that in both films, Bombay functions as a narrative anchor to the fictive village, which is depicted as the locus of Indian modernity. Symbolism of the village-city trope is used to reorganise the syntagm of modernity-location-gender in new relations of power and also to present alternative visions of national development within the socio-economic context of 1990s liberalisation in India. The dialectic between city and village in these films emphasises the role of memory and migration in women‘s cinema, and also serves as a means to probing the relationship between gender and films in the postcolonial context.
Where the human heart goes astray: Rashomon, Boomtown and subjective experience
Authors: Martinez Dolores
Published: March 2015

Rashomon opens at the edge of a destroyed city and the story that unfolds is a study in the subjective experience of reality that revolves around an unsolved set of mysteries: Was the woman raped? Who killed the husband? As its director, Akira Kurosawa noted, the action takes place in the forest where the human heart goes astray; the trope of becoming morally lost in the wilderness is one that he used frequently. What happens when the ‘Rashomon technique’ is transferred to an urban setting as in the television series Boomtown, set in modern Los Angeles?
Love Machines
Authors: Moore Rachel
Published: March 2015

With the enormous span of time embedded in the very grain of the celluloid, old films and
footage touch, in a sensate way, the strange and familiar longing for the archaic past
which lies at the heart of the modern dilemma. Walter Benjamin‘s suggestion - that when
delving into the secrets of modernity, including its technology, the archaic is never that
far off - grows palpable when watching film from the archives. This project could just be
called, ‘Why do we love old movies?’ To begin to grasp how old films touch us, its
instructive to look at how technology functions within films. The power of degraded
technology to create intimacy does not go unnoticed by filmmakers today where its use
extends from the avant-garde to popular cinema. To further understand such effects, this
paper focuses on one way technology provokes intimacy: how people fall in love in the
movies.
Reappraising Riefenstahl‘s Triumph of the Will
Authors: Marcus Alan
Published: March 2015

Leni Riefenstahl was one of filmmakings most contentious directors. The power of her epic documentaries, Triumph of the Will (1935) and Olympia (1938), have cemented her place in film history. More criticism has been written about Riefenstahl than any other director, except perhaps Hitchcock and Welles. Publicity surrounding the publication of an illustrated book marking her centenary reawakened debates about Riefenstahl‘s career in film and her involvement with the Third Reich. In this article, I focus on one of the key films which emerged from that relationship, Triumph of the Will (Triumph des Willens), which I discussed at length in my interview with Riefenstahl. Her recollections were sharp and I was intrigued by some of her answers, not for what new insight they offered, but for how they reaffirmed how she wished others to interpret her films and motivations. In particular, I was interested in the way she considered Triumph of the Will to be a realistic portrayal of the Nazi‘s 1934 Nuremberg Rally and the events surrounding it, and her role as a filmmaker in shaping that representation.
Episodes from a Lost History of Movie Serialism: Interview with Hollis Frampton
Authors: Dusinberre Deke , Christie Ian
Published: March 2015

This interview took place on 8 September, 1976, at the London Filmmakers’ Coop, Fitzroy Road, London. Frampton already had a reputation as one of the major theorist-filmmakers of the contemporary avant-garde, although his work was comparatively little known in Britain at this time.
‘To Realise the Ideal’: Miscellaneous Remarks on Godards Conceptual Processes Apropos of Sauve qui peut (la vie)
Authors: Morris Richard
Published: March 2015

Jean-Luc Godard‘s Sauve qui peut (la vie) holds a uniquely pivotal position in the directors oeuvre and provides the occasion for a case study in how he conceives and develops his works. Amongst the salient features of this process are Godard‘s invention of the ‘video-scenario’ format, enabling him to couch his ideas in visual rather than verbal form from the very moment of their inception; his desire to “look at things a bit scientifically”; and a use of commissioned and pre-existing music which lies at the very heart of his creative method.
The Many Faces of Holly Golightly: Truman Capote, Breakfast at Tiffany‘s and Hollywood
Authors: Krämer Peter
Published: March 2015

This essay examines some of the literary and biographical models Truman Capote drew on in the creation of Holly Golightly, the heroine of his 1958 novella Breakfast at Tiffany‘s. Making use of Paramount studio records, the essay also explores the complex process of adapting the story to the big screen. Numerous changes were made so as to transform Capotes story into a romantic comedy, and thus to contain Holly‘s liberated sexuality while also erasing any doubts about the male protagonists heterosexuality. Casting Hepburn as the female lead helped to neutralize Holly‘s sexual transgressiveness, and it sexualized the stars ethereal persona.
Hans Keller: Essays on Film Music
Authors: Wintle Christopher , Keller Hans
Published: March 2015

Among the musical Hitler Émigrés from Vienna to London, pride of place has often been accorded to Hans Keller, a psychologically-minded critic (or, as he described himself, ‘anti-critic’) who dominated the British musical scene for the 40 years that followed 1945. In the period 1946-1959 he devoted himself assiduously to film music, on the one hand laying out the topics that a ‘competent film music critic’ would need to address, and on the other paying scrupulous attention to everything he saw and heard. He shared with Theodor Adorno a loathing of Hollywood, and championed British composers above most others. This selection comes in advance of the publication of his collected writings on film, Film Music and Beyond (London, Plumbago, 2005), and shows on the one hand his topical writings, dealing with the importance of actually listening to film-music, ‘noise as leitmotif’, the contribution of psychology to understanding the function of film music, and classical quotations in film, and on the other hand his writing on composers, including Arthur Benjamin, Georges Auric, William Alwyn, Leonard,Bernstein (On the Waterfront) and Anton Karas (The Third Man).
‘Sinatra, Commie Playboy’: Frank Sinatra, Postwar Liberalism and Press Paranoia
Authors: McNally Karen
Published: March 2015

Anti-Communist hysteria had a wide-ranging impact on Hollywood across the postwar period. As writers, directors and stars came under the scrutiny of the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) due to the content of their films and their political activities, careers were interrupted indefinitely and Hollywood‘s ability to promote cultural change in the new era following World War II was severely hampered. Frank Sinatra‘s heavy involvement in liberal politics during this period illustrates the problems confronting the American film industry as it attempted to address the country‘s imperfections.
Swashbucklers and Sitcoms, Cowboys and Crime, Nurses, Just Men and Defenders: Blacklisted Writers and TV in the 1950s and 1960s
Authors: Neale Steve
Published: March 2015

Given the relative lack of attention to specific TV programmes and episodes in interviews with surviving blacklistees until recently, given the relative lack of availability of 1950s and 1960s TV shows on video, on DVD or even in archives, given the relative lack of complete or reliable information on the credits of many TV series and shows, and given the sheer number of episodes (closer to a thousand than to hundred) requiring research, attention and study, the difficulties facing those interested in researching the blacklistees and TV are all the more formidable. This article begins the task of listing blacklistee‘s television credits.
Narrative Universals, Nationalism, and Sacrificial Terror: From Nosferatu to Nazism
Authors: Hogan Patrick Colm
Published: March 2015

It has been widely asserted that nationhood is inseparable from narration. This vague claim may be clarified by understanding that nationalism is bound up with the universal prototypical narrative structures of heroic, romantic, and sacrificial tragi-comedy. This essay considers an historically important case of the emplotment of nationalism - the sacrificial organization of German nationalism between the two world wars. It examines one exemplary instance of this emplotment, F. W. Murnau‘s Nosferatu, a Symphony of Horror (1922). However unintentionally, Nosferatu represents the vampire in a way that is cognitively continuous with Nazi representations of Jews. The films sacrificial emplotment of vampirism is, in turn, continuous with Nazi policies. That continuity places the film in a larger discourse that helped to make Nazi policies possible.
Repeat Viewings Revisited: Emotions, Memory, and Memento
Authors: Renner Karen
Published: March 2015

Using the particular example of Memento (2001), this essay investigates the capacity for films to maintain emotional potency upon repeat viewings. Subtle emotion markers in the film - such as facial expressions and its score - collaborate with the plot to create a mood of sadness that may escalate into more powerful emotion. Because these same markers consistently appear during scenes of high emotion, the cues themselves become associated with sadness, leading the viewer to experience grief each time they are encountered more as an unconscious, learned response rather than a direct reaction to the film. As a result, though the film may have become familiar, it may retain its emotional potential on subsequent viewings.
Film as Argument
Authors: Wartenberg Thomas
Published: March 2015

Film theorists and philosophers have both contended that narrative fiction films cannot present philosophical arguments. After canvassing a range of objections to this claim, this article defends the view that films are able to present philosophical thought experiments that can function as enthymemic arguments. An interpretation of Michel Gondry‘s Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind (2004) is given in which the films criticism of the technology of memory erasure is just such a thought experiment, one that functions as a counter-example to utilitarianism as a theory for the justification of social practices.
Characterization as Social Cognition in Welcome to the Dollhouse
Authors: Newman Michael
Published: March 2015

One key aspect of characterization is the construction of character psychology, the attribution to fictional representations of beliefs and desires, personality traits, and moods and emotions. Characters are products of social cognition, the human propensity for making sense of others. However, they are also products of artists who fashion them to appeal to our nature as social beings. Through an analysis of Todd Solondz‘s Welcome to the Dollhouse (1995), this paper describes three processes of social cognition which are crucial for audiovisual characterization: folk psychology, causal attribution, and emotion expressions.
Ways of Being Close to Characters
Authors: Eder Jens
Published: March 2015

Film viewers responses to characters are of a great variety; global notions of ‘identification’, ‘empathy’, or ‘parasocial interaction’ are too reductive to capture their rich nuances. This paper contributes to current theoretical accounts by clarifying the intuitive notion of ‘being close’ to characters, drawing on social and cognitive psychology. Several kinds of closeness are distinguished: spatiotemporal proximity, understanding and perspective-taking, familiarity and similarity, PSI, and affective closeness. These ways of being close to characters interact in probabilistic ways, forming a system. Understanding its patterns might help us to more precisely analyze the varieties of character engagement, which is demonstrated by an analysis of David Fincher‘s Fight Club (1999).
Disgusted at the Movies
Authors: Plantinga Carl
Published: March 2015

This essay explores the elicitation of disgust in movies, focusing on the major rhetorical uses of such elicitation. The essay first defines disgust and shows the means and nature of its elicitation in the movies. Drawing on a distinction between physical and sociomoral disgust, the essay goes on to show how filmmakers either conflate and confuse the two (as in Don Siegel‘s Dirty Harry) or maintain a strict separation between them (as in David Lynch‘s The Elephant Man), in each case to serve the rhetorical purpose of the film. Finally, I discuss the ironic use of disgust in John Water‘s Polyester.
‘No More Unexplored Countries’: The Early Promise and Disappointing Career of Time-Lapse Photography
Authors: Lavery David
Published: March 2015

Time-lapse photography—the extremely accelerated recording and projection of an event taking place over an extended duration of time—is almost as old as the movies themselves. (The first known use of time-lapse dates from 1898.) In the early decades of the twentieth century, cineastes, not to mention scientists, artists, and poets, waxed eloquently on the promise of time-lapse photography as a means for revealing “things we cannot see,” and expanding human perception. This essay examines time-lapses tremendous initial imaginative appeal for such figures as Ernst Mach, Germaine Dulac, Jean Epstein, Rudolf Arnheim, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy, and Collette, and speculates about the possible reasons for its diminution over the course of the century.
Rhizomatic Time and Temporal Poetics in American Beauty
Authors: Furby Jacqueline
Published: March 2015

This essay deals with the temporality of film through an examination of narrative, structure and image in Sam Mendes’ film American Beauty (2000), referring to both Gilles Deleuze and Henri Bergson‘s work on time. I argue that the repetition of formal elements (images, settings, colours, shapes, and textures) creates a kind of internal rhyme that is suggested appeals to human aesthetic rhythmic sensibilities and invites the spectators imaginative interplay. This temporal pattern speaks of a particularly human rhythmic design, and provides an escape from the ‘standardised, context free, homogeneous’ clock time ‘that structures and times our daily lives’.
Remembering the Future: Terence Davies and the Paradoxes of Time
Authors: Everett Wendy
Published: March 2015

This article examines the paradoxes inherent in filmic time, with particular reference to the autobiographical work of the British director Terence Davies. Analysing ways in which film, itself constructed from still images, can create, reverse or freeze temporal flux, confuse and blend multiple and conflicting temporalities, and create the spatial dimensions of an ‘imaginary’ time, it argues that the relationship between film and music may well provide a fundamental key to the understanding of filmic time.
Ten Minutes For John Lennon
Authors: O‘Rawe Des
Published: March 2015

This essay interweaves an analysis of Raymond Depardons short documentary film, 10 minutes de silence pour John Lennon (1980), with some broader reflections on time, cultural history, and silence. Shot in a single take, the film records the expressions, movements, and reactions of some of 200,000 mourners who gathered in Central Park to commemorate Lennons life six days after his death in December, 1980. Despite its observational form and aesthetic reticence, 10 minutes de silence renders unexpected coincidences of colour, perspective, gesture, and noise, spontaneous formations and patterns that resonate beyond the films actual moment and journalistic raison dêtre.
Isolation of Dermatophytes (and Other Fungi) from Human Nail and Skin Dust Produced by Podiatric Medical Treatments in Australia
Authors: Hainsworth Steven , Hamblin John F. , Vanniasinkam Thiru
Published: March 2015

Background

Podiatric physicians routinely use electric drills for the treatment of nail and skin conditions. The grinding process produces human nail and skin dust that is generally vacuumed into bags in the grinding unit. Many of the nails are thought to be mycotic, particularly because they are obtained from patients with symptoms of dermatophyte infections. Currently, there is limited information available on the detection of fungi from nail dust samples. Herein, we attempt to address this situation and outline some of the difficulties that pathology laboratories face in isolating and identifying dermatophytes from nail samples.

Methods

Fifty nail dust bags from podiatric medical clinics across all of the states and territories of Australia were collected and analyzed. Samples from the bags were inoculated onto primary isolation media. Fungal colonies that grew were then inoculated onto potato dextrose agar for identification using standard morphological (macroscopic and microscopic) features.

Results

One hundred fifty-one colonies of dermatophytes were identified from 43 of the 50 samples. In addition 471 nondermatophyte molds were isolated, along with some yeasts and bacteria.

Conclusions

The most common dermatophytes isolated were from the Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complexes. Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton tonsurans, Trichophyton soudanense, and Epidermophyton floccosum were also isolated. An unidentified group of dermatophytes was also present. The three most common genera of nondermatophyte molds were Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Scopulariopsis, all of which have been implicated in onychomycosis and more general disease. The presence of viable fungal pathogens in the dust could potentially pose a health problem to podiatric physicians.
Fracture Healing
Authors: Smith Robert G.
Published: March 2015

Background

Recognizing the existence of adverse drug effects of frequently prescribed drugs can empower a clinician with knowledge to avoid dangerous adverse effects that may result in hazardous, negative patient outcomes on either fracture healing or bone health. Pharmacovigilance reports have described the influence of medications, allowing for bone health to be quite unpredictable.

Methods

First, mechanisms found in the medical literature of potential drug adverse effects regarding fracture healing are presented. Second, the 100 most frequently prescribed medications in 2010 are reviewed regarding adverse effects on fracture healing. These reported adverse effects are evaluated for medical causation. Last, a data table describing the 100 reviewed medications and their reported effects on fracture healing is provided.

Results

The actual number of different medications in the review was 72. Reported drug adverse effects on bone and fracture healing occurred with 59 of the 72 drugs (81.9%). These adverse effects are either described as a definitive statement or represented by postmarketing case reports. Thirteen of the 72 review drugs (18.1%) did not have any description of the possible effects on bone health. A total of 301 cases reports describing delayed union, malunion, and nonunion of fractures represent 31 of the 72 medications reviewed (43.1%).

Conclusions

This review offers the health-care provider information regarding potential adverse drug effects on bone health. Empowered with this information, clinicians may assist their patients in maximizing pharmacologic outcomes by avoiding these reported harmful adverse effects.
Juxtaposition of heterozygous and homozygous regions causes reciprocal crossover remodelling via interference during Arabidopsis meiosis
Authors: Ziolkowski Piotr A , Berchowitz Luke E , Lambing Christophe , Yelina Nataliya E , Zhao Xiaohui , Kelly Krystyna A , Choi Kyuha , Ziolkowska Liliana , June Viviana , Sanchez-Moran Eugenio , Franklin Chris , Copenhaver Gregory P , Henderson Ian R
Published: March 2015

During meiosis homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination. Sequence differences between homologs can locally inhibit crossovers. Despite this, nucleotide diversity and population-scaled recombination are positively correlated in eukaryote genomes. To investigate interactions between heterozygosity and recombination we crossed Arabidopsis lines carrying fluorescent crossover reporters to 32 diverse accessions and observed hybrids with significantly higher and lower crossovers than homozygotes. Using recombinant populations derived from these crosses we observed that heterozygous regions increase crossovers when juxtaposed with homozygous regions, which reciprocally decrease. Total crossovers measured by chiasmata were unchanged when heterozygosity was varied, consistent with homeostatic control. We tested the effects of heterozygosity in mutants where the balance of interfering and non-interfering crossover repair is altered. Crossover remodeling at homozygosity-heterozygosity junctions requires interference, and non-interfering repair is inefficient in heterozygous regions. As a consequence, heterozygous regions show stronger crossover interference. Our findings reveal how varying homolog polymorphism patterns can shape meiotic recombination.
Le recours aux services de santé, sociaux et communautaires par les personnes itinérantes de la région de Moncton
Authors: Pakzad Sarah , Bergheul Saïd , Jbilou Jalila , Bourque Jimmy , Ringuette Julie , Gallant Lise , Bourque Paul-Émile
Published: March 2015

Cette étude utilise le modèle de Gelberg-Andersen afin de cerner les caractéristiques des personnes itinérantes de la région de Moncton ayant recours aux services de santé, sociaux et communautaires. Les 194 participants et participantes ont été recrutés dans le cadre du projet At Home / Chez Soi. Ceux et celles souffrant d'un état de stress post-traumatique ont moins eu recours aux services hospitaliers ambulatoires que ceux et celles présentant un autre diagnostic. Les femmes utilisent davantage les services sociaux et communautaires. Nos résultats amènent un éclairage sur la nécessité d'adapter les pratiques et les services de santé, sociaux et communautaires aux besoins et conditions de vie des personnes itinérantes.
Typhoon kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer structure from dropsonde composites
Authors: Ming Jie , Zhang Jun A. , Rogers Robert F.
Published: March 2015

The data from 438 Global Positioning System dropsondes in six typhoons are analyzed to investigate the mean atmospheric boundary layer structure in a composite framework. Following a recent study on boundary layer height in Atlantic hurricanes, we aim to quantify characteristics of boundary layer height scales in Western Pacific typhoons including the inflow layer depth (hinflow), height of the maximum tangential wind speed (hvtmax), and thermodynamic mixed layer depth. In addition, the kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer structures are compared between the dropsonde composites using data in typhoons and hurricanes. Our results show that similar to the hurricane composite, there is a separation between the kinematic and thermodynamic boundary layer heights in typhoons, with the thermodynamic boundary layer depth being much smaller than hinflow and hvtmax in the typhoon boundary layer. All three boundary layer height scales tend to decrease toward the storm center. Our results confirm that the conceptual model of Zhang et al. (2011a) for boundary layer height variation is applicable to typhoon conditions. The kinematic boundary layer structure is generally similar between the typhoon and hurricane composites, but the typhoon composite shows a deeper inflow layer outside the eyewall than the hurricane composite. The thermodynamic structure of the typhoon boundary layer composite is warmer and moister outside the radius of maximum wind speed than the hurricane composite. This difference is attributed to different environmental conditions associated with typhoons compared to the hurricanes studied here.
Observed climatology and trend in relative humidity in the central and eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: You Qinglong , Min Jinzhong , Lin Houbo , Pepin Nick , Sillanpää Mika , Kang Shichang
Published: March 2015

Monthly surface relative humidity (RH) data for 71 stations in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) provided by the National Meteorological Information Center/China Meteorological Administration are compared with corresponding grid points from the National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR hereafter) reanalysis. Mean climatologies, interannual variabilities, and trends calculated by the Mann‐Kendal method are analyzed during 1961–2013. The annual regional long‐term mean surface RH is 55.3%, with a clear maximum in summer (66.4%) and minimum in winter (44.9%). Compared with observations, NCEP/NCAR overestimates RH in all seasons, especially in spring (18.2%) and winter (17.8%). Mean annual regional surface RH has decreased by −0.23% decade−1 and even more rapidly in summer (−0.60% decade−1) and autumn (−0.39% decade−1). The reduction of surface RH is also captured by the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis at the surface, 400, 500, and 600 hPa. A particularly sharp reduction of RH since the mid‐1990s is evident in both data sets, in line with rapid warming over the plateau. This suggests that moisture supply to the plateau from the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal is limited and that variability and trends of surface RH over the TP are not uniquely driven by the Clausius‐Clapeyron relationship.
Large increase in dissolved inorganic carbon flux from the Mississippi River to Gulf of Mexico due to climatic and anthropogenic changes over the 21st century
Authors: Ren Wei , Tian Hanqin , Tao Bo , Yang Jia , Pan Shufen , Cai Wei‐Jun , Lohrenz Steven E. , He Ruoying , Hopkinson Charles S.
Published: March 2015

It is recognized that anthropogenic factors have had a major impact on carbon fluxes from land to the ocean during the past two centuries. However, little is known about how future changes in climate, atmospheric CO2, and land use may affect riverine carbon fluxes over the 21st century. Using a coupled hydrological‐biogeochemical model, the Dynamic Land Ecosystem Model, this study examines potential changes in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) export from the Mississippi River basin to the Gulf of Mexico during 2010–2099 attributable to climate‐related conditions (temperature and precipitation), atmospheric CO2, and land use change. Rates of annual DIC export are projected to increase by 65% under the high emission scenario (A2) and 35% under the low emission scenario (B1) between the 2000s and the 2090s. Climate‐related changes along with rising atmospheric CO2 together would account for over 90% of the total increase in DIC export throughout the 21st century. The predicted increase in DIC export from the Mississippi River basin would alter chemistry of the coastal ocean unless appropriate climate mitigation actions are taken in the near future.
Nitrous oxide and methane dynamics in a coral reef lagoon driven by pore water exchange: Insights from automated high‐frequency observations
Authors: O'Reilly Chiara , Santos Isaac R. , Cyronak Tyler , McMahon Ashly , Maher Damien T.
Published: March 2015

Automated cavity ring down spectroscopy was used to make continuous measurements of dissolved methane, nitrous oxide, and carbon dioxide in a coral reef lagoon for 2 weeks (Heron Island, Great Barrier Reef). Radon (222Rn) was used to trace the influence of tidally driven pore water exchange on greenhouse gas dynamics. Clear tidal variation was observed for CH4, which correlated to 222Rn in lagoon waters. N2O correlated to 222Rn during the day only, which appears to be a response to coupled nitrification‐denitrification in oxic sediments, fueled by nitrate derived from bird guano. The lagoon was a net source of CH4 and N2O to the atmosphere and a sink for atmospheric CO2. The estimated pore water‐derived CH4 and N2O fluxes were 3.2‐fold and 24.0‐fold greater than the fluxes to the atmosphere. Overall, pore water and/or groundwater exchange were the only important sources of CH4 and major controls of N2O in the coral reef lagoon.