bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adhesive Method for Rapidly Bonded Wood Panel Joints of Prefab House Construction Joints
Authors: Wisner G. , Zillessen A. , Brodel M. , Stammen E. , Fischer F. , Dilger K.
Published: March 2015

This paper covers a recently completed research project in Germany aimed at using a new rapid adhesive bonding technology in wood panel construction for modular prefabricated houses, which is an increasingly popular way of building single-family houses in Central Europe. In general, the prefabricated panels are built up by planking a frame of wooden square ribs with particleboards. Nailing or stapling has been the main joining technique so far. A new approach was established by applying an adhesive tape based on an adhesively coated metallic carrier inserted into the joint. By connecting it to an electric power supply and heating it within a short time to the melting point, the adhesive can wet the wood and cure in the compressed joint. Different thin metallic carriers made of sheets of steel, aluminum, and brass or expanded metal were used and combined with adhesives, such as polyurethane hotmelts (PUR), PUR adhesive dispersions, and co-polyamides. Because of the requirements for structural joining in the building industry, different European Standards, such as EN 15425 [EN 15425:2008, “Adhesives—One Component Polyurethane for Load Bearing Timber Structures—Classification and Performance Requirements,” CEN-CENELEC, Brussels, Belgium, 2008], and preparation according to EN 302-1 [EN 302-1:2013, “Adhesives for Load-Bearing Timber Structures—Test Methods—Part 1: Determination of Longitudinal Tensile Shear Strength,” CEN-CENELEC, Brussels, Belgium, 2013], were discussed and implemented to find out whether a combination of squared timber, new tapes, and attached panel materials are sufficient or not. In this paper, this new method and the material testing are introduced, from early screening for suitable adhesives to semi-sized panel specimens in the context of the European Standards.
How a One-Time Incentive Can Induce Long-Term Commitment to Training
Authors: Ho Teck-Hua , Yeung Catherine
Published: March 2015

This paper asks whether a one-time incentive can induce workers to commit to short- and long-term training to remain competitively employable. The incentive was a one-time offer of $60, given to workers who finished two courses within 4 months. It had a remarkable, positive effect on training participation during this period, and a sustained effect beyond it, but only in the condition where two psychological techniques were used to increase commitment to training and to shape perceptions of the incentive. These results have practical implications for companies and governmental organizations wanting well-trained workforces to sustain growth in competitive environments.
Global Clusters of Innovation: Lessons from Silicon Valley
Authors: Engel Jerome S.
Published: March 2015

Can innovation and entrepreneurship stimulate economic growth in diverse communities, or is it only effective in a few unique places like Silicon Valley? This article identifies the salient components, behaviors, and linkages that characterize Silicon Valley and explores how these characteristics apply in a diverse selection of economic communities in Europe, Asia, and Latin America. It focuses on the role institutions—such as governments, universities, major corporations, and NGOs—play in shaping such communities. It provides insights for government policy makers on how to enhance their region's innovation potential, and offers strategies for entrepreneurs and venture investors as to how to leverage the benefits of clusters of innovation, wherever one is located.
Engaging with Startups to Enhance Corporate Innovation
Authors: Weiblen Tobias , Chesbrough Henry W.
Published: March 2015

When it comes to agility, startups have an edge over large corporations—whereas large corporations sit on resources which startups can only dream of. The combination of entrepreneurial activity with corporate ability seems like a perfect match, but can be elusive to achieve. This article examines how large corporations from the tech industry have begun to tap into entrepreneurial innovation from startups. Prominent examples are used to inductively derive a set of four models commonly used to engage with startups and to describe their characteristics, challenges, and rationales. While corporate equity is the key mechanism behind more established models, newer approaches replace equity with shared technology to connect both worlds with fewer organizational costs and greater speed and agility. This article presents a typology of corporate mechanisms to engage with startups that balance speed and agility against control and strategic direction, to map the ways companies can bridge the gap between themselves and the startup world.
Regulation of Pattern Formation and Gene Amplification During Drosophila Oogenesis by the miR-318 microRNA
Authors: Ge Wanzhong , Deng Qiannan , Guo Ting , Hong Xin , Kugler Jan-Michael , Yang Xiaohang , Cohen Stephen M
Published: March 2015

Pattern formation during epithelial development requires the coordination of multiple signaling pathways. Here, we investigate the functions of an ovary-enriched miRNA, miR-318, in epithelial development during Drosophila oogenesis. mir-318 maternal loss-of-function mutants were female-sterile and laid eggs with abnormal morphology. Removal of mir-318 disrupted the dorsal–anterior follicle cell patterning, resulting in abnormal dorsal appendages. mir-318 mutant females also produced thin and fragile eggshells due to impaired chorion gene amplification. We provide evidence that the ecdysone signaling pathway activates expression of miR-318 and that miR-318 cooperates with Tramtrack69 to control the switch from endocycling to chorion gene amplification during differentiation of the follicular epithelium. The multiple functions of miR-318 in oogenesis illustrate the importance of miRNAs in maintaining cell fate and in promoting the developmental transition in the female follicular epithelium.
Interplay Between Histone H3 Lysine 56 Deacetylation and Chromatin Modifiers in Response to DNA Damage
Authors: Simoneau Antoine , Delgoshaie Neda , Celic Ivana , Dai Junbiao , Abshiru Nebiyu , Costantino Santiago , Thibault Pierre , Boeke Jef D , Verreault Alain , Wurtele Hugo
Published: March 2015

In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, histone H3 lysine 56 acetylation (H3K56Ac) is present in newly synthesized histones deposited throughout the genome during DNA replication. The sirtuins Hst3 and Hst4 deacetylate H3K56 after S phase, and virtually all histone H3 molecules are K56 acetylated throughout the cell cycle in hst3∆ hst4∆ mutants. Failure to deacetylate H3K56 causes thermosensitivity, spontaneous DNA damage, and sensitivity to replicative stress via molecular mechanisms that remain unclear. Here we demonstrate that unlike wild-type cells, hst3∆ hst4∆ cells are unable to complete genome duplication and accumulate persistent foci containing the homologous recombination protein Rad52 after exposure to genotoxic drugs during S phase. In response to replicative stress, cells lacking Hst3 and Hst4 also displayed intense foci containing the Rfa1 subunit of the single-stranded DNA binding protein complex RPA, as well as persistent activation of DNA damage–induced kinases. To investigate the basis of these phenotypes, we identified histone point mutations that modulate the temperature and genotoxic drug sensitivity of hst3∆ hst4∆ cells. We found that reducing the levels of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation or H3 lysine 79 methylation partially suppresses these sensitivities and reduces spontaneous and genotoxin-induced activation of the DNA damage-response kinase Rad53 in hst3∆ hst4∆ cells. Our data further suggest that elevated DNA damage–induced signaling significantly contributes to the phenotypes of hst3∆ hst4∆ cells. Overall, these results outline a novel interplay between H3K56Ac, H3K79 methylation, and H4K16 acetylation in the cellular response to DNA damage.
Improvement in High Temperature Oxidation Resistance of Co-Al-W Based Superalloys
Authors: Ito Takahiko , Ikeda Shogo , Tanaka Katsushi
Published: March 2015

Oxidation tests of Cr containing Co-based superalloys with compositions of Co-20at.%Ni-9at.%Al-9at.%W-x at.%Cr (x = 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10) have been carried out at 1173 and 1273 K in air. Oxidation resistance is improved upon alloying with Cr not only at 1173 K but also at 1273 K. The weight gain of the 10at.%Cr alloy oxidized at 1173 K is similar to that of the 5th generation Ni-based superalloy of TMS-173. Alloying with Cr is efficient to improve oxidation resistance, however, the shape of γ’ precipitates is rounded and the alignment of the precipitates along the <100> direction becomes less pronounced upon alloying with Cr.
Current Status of Immobilization Techniques for Geological Disposal of Radioactive Iodine in Japan
Authors: Idemitsu Kazuya , Sakuragi Tomofumi
Published: March 2015

Nuclear reprocessing plants in Japan produce radioactive iodine-bearing materials such as spent silver adsorbents. Japanese disposal plans classify radioactive waste containing a given quantity of iodine-129 as Transuranic Waste Group 1 for spent silver adsorbent or as Group 3 for bitumen-solidified waste, and stipulate that such waste must be disposed of by burial deep underground. Given the long half-life of iodine-129 of 15.7 million years, it is difficult to prevent release of iodine-129 from the waste into the surrounding environment in the long term. Moreover, because ionic iodine is soluble and not readily adsorbed, its migration is not significantly retarded by engineered or natural barriers. The release of iodine-129 from nuclear waste therefore must be restricted to permit reliable safety assessment; this technique is called “controlled release”. It is desirable that the release period for iodine be longer than 100,000 years. To this end, several techniques for immobilization of iodine have been developed; three leading techniques are the use of synthetic rock (alumina matrix solidification), BPI (BiPbO2I) glass, and high-performance cement. Iodine is fixed as AgI in the grain boundary of corundum or quartz through hot isostatic pressing in synthetic rock, as BPI in boron/lead-based glass, or as cement minerals such as ettringite in high-performance alumina cement. These techniques are assessed by three models: the corrosion model, the leaching model, and the solubility-equilibrium model. This paper describes the current status of these three techniques.
Valence and Local Environment of Molybdenum in Aluminophosphate Glasses for Immobilization of High Level Waste from Uranium-Graphite Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel Reprocessing
Authors: Stefanovsky Sergey V. , Shiryaev Andrey A , Remizov Michael B. , Belanova Elena A. , Kozlov Pavel A. , Myasoedov Boris F.
Published: March 2015

Two Mo-bearing glasses considered as candidate forms for high level waste (HLW) a uranium-graphite reactor spent nuclear fuel (SNF) reprocessing were characterized. Incorporation of Mo in sodium aluminophosphate (SAP) glass increases its tendency to devitrification with segregation of orthophosphate phases. Valence state and local environment of Mo in the materials containing ∼2 wt.% MoO3 were determined by X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. In the quenched samples composed of major vitreous and minor AlPO4 nearly all Mo is located in the vitreous phase as [Mo6+О6] units whereas in the annealed samples Mo is partitioned among vitreous and one or two orthophosphate crystalline phases in favor of the vitreous phase. Mo predominantly exists in a hexavalent state in distorted octahedral environment. Four oxygen ions are positioned at a distance of ∼1.71-1.73 Å and two - at a distance of 2.02-2.04 Å. Minor Mo(V) is also present as indicated by a response in EPR spectra with g ≈ 1.911-1.915.
Review of Taner Edis' Science and Nonbelief
Authors: Stickney Ginger
Published: March 2015

Book review
Laughing Matters
Authors: Laycock Joseph
Published: March 2015

The term “parody religion” is used to describe movements that deliberately mimic the elements of established religions and are intentionally absurd. It is generally assumed that people create and participate in parody religions primarily for their own amusement. However, the participants of parody religions occasionally demand to be taken seriously by invoking the legal rights and privileges that Western democracies afford to traditional religions. This article examines two such cases involving The Neo-American Church and the Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster. It is argued that the true function of parody religions, as demonstrated by these cases, is not simply to entertain, but to force a public conversation about the definition of religion. When practitioners of parody religions demand the legal rights afforded to traditional religion, they are issuing a public challenge to articulate how exactly religion is defined. Furthermore, ardent practitioners of parody religions frequently have a political agenda and feel that the legal system’s unstated criteria of religion unfairly benefit particular established religious institutions.
“I Needed to Go to this Tabernacle of Ignorance”
Authors: Jaffe Jerry
Published: March 2015

On his 2011 comedy album This has to be funny, Marc Maron includes a routine in which he describes a visit to the Creation Museum, located in Petersburg, Kentucky just south of Cincinnati. Maron employs his typical combination of smart and angry wit as he satirizes the Museum and its agenda. This criticism takes the form of describing some of the Museum’s displays, and then reacting to them. The displays he spends the most time critiquing include the Garden of Eden room, animatronics of Old Testament figures, and the Noah’s Ark room. Bergson says that one source of laughter is seeing “the mechanical encrusted on the living” and this seems apt for understanding maron’s critique of displays such as these. Dogmatic religious believers can seem comical when their own beliefs interfere with their ability to adapt to new information—and this is exactly how the displays of the Creation Museum appear, thus making them targets for satire. Further, the museum, with its well documented and unscientific animatronics and dioramas (triceratops with saddles, tyrannosaurus rex eating a pineapple) creates its own dissonance when putting its ideas into sculptural forms. Museums often employ what Barbara Kirsehblatt-Gimblett has described as either in situ or in context display strategies, but both of these seem like empty, hyperreal rhetoric in the pseudoscientific position advocated by the museum.
Buddhist, a Christian, and an Atheist Walk into a Classroom
Authors: Derry Ken
Published: March 2015

Although none of the articles in this issue on the topic of religion and humor are explicitly about teaching, in many ways all of them in fact share this central focus. In the examples discussed by the four authors, humor is used to deconstruct the category of religion; to comment on the distance between orthodoxy and praxis; to censure religion; and to enrich traditions in ways that can be quite self-critical. My response to these articles addresses each of the above lessons in specific relation to experiences I have had in, and strategies I have developed for, teaching a first-year introductory religion course at the University of Toronto.
Humor and Religion
Authors: Sheedy Matt , Feltmate David
Published: March 2015

An interview by Matt Sheedy with David Feltmate on Religion and Humor. This interview first appeared on the blog Bulletin for the Study of Religion in April, 2013.
Religion and Humor
Authors: Feltmate David
Published: March 2015

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Ghost, Broken Narratives and the Art of Dying
Authors: Rømer Lars
Published: March 2015

This article investigates how experiences of ghosts can be seen as a series of broken narratives. By using cases from contemporary as well 19th century Denmark I will argue that ghosts enter the world of the living as sensations that question both common sense understanding and problematize the unfinished death. Although ghosts have been in opposition to both science and religion in Denmark at least since the reformation I will exemplify how people deal with the broken narrative of ghosts in ways that incorporate and mimic techniques of both the scientist and the priest. Ghosts, thus, initiate a dialogue between the dead and the living concerning the art of dying that will enable both to move on.
Cinematic Approach to Teaching the Synoptic Problem
Authors: Staley Jeffrey
Published: March 2015

For ten years I taught an undergraduate Theology course called “Hollywood Jesus.” This essay is an outgrowth of that course, and is based on a research topic that I often had students explore in papers. Utilizing the first two miracles in the first three Hollywood Jesus movies (Cecil B. DeMille’s The King of Kings (1927), Nicholas Ray’s King of Kings (1961), and George Stevens’s The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965) this essay argues that these three Hollywood Jesus films are nearly as closely intertwined as the Synoptic Gospels themselves. Viewing these films in conversation with each other can raise students’ awareness of how the Synoptic Gospels themselves might be inter-related, and how they might be reshaping their sources for changing circumstances. My thesis, in part, is that the changing location of the films’ miracle stories reveals an increasing movement in American culture towards a privatization of religious experience—one that moves from the public arena, to the home and “the church.” While the gospels themselves do not exhibit this same movement, nevertheless, careful attention to the different gospel texts reveals comparable socio-political and theological changes. For students, “seeing” the similarities and differences in the cinematic representations can turn into “believing” that similar strategies might be at work in ancient written texts like the gospels.
Genealogies of Religion, Twenty Years On
Authors: Martin Craig , Asad Talal
Published: March 2015

Interview with Talal Asad on the 20th anniversary of the publication of Genealogies of Religion: Discipline and Reasons of Power in Christianity and Islam.
Speaking the Impossible 'No'
Authors: Orsi Robert
Published: March 2015

A critical appreciation of the impact of Talal Asad's "The Construction of Religion as an Anthropological Category" to the study of religion.
Locating the “Liberal” in Neoliberal
Authors: Boer Roland
Published: March 2015

A critical review of James Crossley's Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism
Placing Neoliberal Jesuses
Authors: Tse Justin
Published: March 2015

This essay attempts to further James Crossley's project in Jesus in an Age of Neoliberalism by proposing the development of a literature on how historical Jesus scholars construct neoliberal geographical formations. Reviewing the discipline of human geography, this proposal suggests that biblical scholars move beyond examining geographical contexts for texts to show how historical Jesus studies actively make place. This approach is demonstrated through a brief case study of historical Jesus scholarship constructing and contesting the secular public sphere in post-handover Hong Kong, especially in the recent Occupy Central debate.
Ode to Islamic Studies
Authors: Curtis IV Edward
Published: March 2015

Islamic studies is more than a specialized field of academic study; it is a series of discourses that play important educational, social, and political roles in multiple settings both within and beyond the academy. No one party, especially not its chief academic practitioners, controls its scope or outcomes. Offering outlines multiple examples of institutional growth and discursive strength, this essay contends that any narrow definition of the field, especially polemical ones, ignores the power, the allure, and the danger of Islamic studies--and its centrality to contests over what it means to be human in the contemporary world.
Atheism and the Invention of Religion
Authors: Amesbury Richard
Published: March 2015

A characteristic feature of the so-called "new atheism" is that it opposes itself not simply to Christianity, or even to theism, but to religion. One of its central contentions -- meant to deflate particularistic claims to uniqueness -- is that religion admits of a unified theory: though Christianity differs from Islam, say, both -- and indeed all tokens of the type -- are explicable in terms of the same basic mechanisms. Yet, this understanding of religion as a transcultural and transhistorical universal is a distinctively modern, Western one. This paper seeks to locate the emergence of the contemporary concept of “religion” partly in European philosophical and theological debates over the threat to Christianity perceived to be posed by secularization. Developing a line of thought advanced by Tomoko Masuzawa, I argue that the invention of “religion” (as a genus) and the “world religions” (as its species) in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, like the creation of deism in the seventeenth and eighteenth, served apologetic goals but also exposed the resulting formations to new forms of criticism. Whereas atheism is often said to be “negative,” in that it can be defined only by reference to what it rejects (and thus does not constitute a unitary viewpoint), I argue that “atheism” and “religion” are dialectically co-constituted categories, and that lines of influence continue to push in both directions. The distinction between “religion” and its other(s), I conclude, is better understood as emerging out of, rather than as the underlying cause of, ongoing debates about atheism.
Cultic Relationships Between Buddhism and Brahmanism in the ‘Last Stronghold’ of Indian Buddhism
Authors: Prasad Birendra Nath
Published: March 2015

Cultic Relationships Between Buddhism and Brahmanism in the ‘Last Stronghold’ of Indian Buddhism: An Analysis with Particular Reference to Votive Inscriptions on the Brahmanical Sculptures Donated to Buddhist Religious Centres in Early Medieval Magadha In this article, an attempt has been made to understand the patterns of cultic relationships between Buddhism and Brahmanism through the prism of dedicatory inscriptions on the Brahmanical sculptures donated to Buddhist religious centres in early medieval Magadha. I have looked into the social background of the donors and the expressed motives for donation of such images. I have argued that the Buddhist Sa?gha accepted the donation of Brahmanical sculptures to effect a ma??alic appropriation of Brahmanical cults to Buddhism, though this does not seem to have been how the donors saw it. In the process, it exposed its own flank to a counter-appropriation by Brahmanism.
Defining Engaged Buddhism
Authors: Temprano Victor Gerard
Published: March 2015

Thomas F. Yarnall’s 2003 categories of ‘modernist’ and ‘traditionist’, used to classify accounts of the origins of engaged Buddhism, have proven useful as methodological tools but today need considerable reevaluation. This article investigates two more recent accounts dealing with engaged Buddhism — David Loy’s The Great Awakening and Sallie B. King’s Socially Engaged Buddhism — in order to critique and ultimately to go beyond Yarnall’s categories. It touches on questions concerning the legitimacy and obligations of scholars in defining Buddhism for practitioners and for fellow academics, and makes the case that a significant shift is needed in order to avoid problems of Orientalism at work in some academic accounts of engaged Buddhism.
Indian Buddhist Philosophy, by Amber D. Carpenter. Acumen, 2014. 313pp. Hb. £50, ISBN-13: 9781844652976. Pb. £16.86, ISBN-13: 9781844652983.
Authors: Novik Rebecca
Published: March 2015

Book review
Encountering Buddhism in Twentieth-Century British and American Literature, edited by Lawrence Normand and Alison Winch. Bloomsbury Academic, 2013. ix + 238pp. Hb. £59.99. ISBN-13: 9781441184764. Also available as an e-book
Authors: Shaw Sarah
Published: March 2015

Book review
The Meaning of ‘Mind-made Body’ (S. manomaya-k?ya, C. yisheng shen ???) in Buddhist Cosmological and Soteriological systems
Authors: Lee Sumi
Published: March 2015

The ‘mind-made body’ (S. manomaya-k?ya, C. yisheng shen ???) is seen as a subtle body attained by a Buddhist adept during meditative practice. Previous research has elucidated this concept as having important doctrinal significance in the Buddhist cosmological system. The P?li canonical evidence shows that the manomaya-k?ya is not merely a spiritual byproduct of meditative training, but also a specific existential mode of being in the system of the three realms. Studies of the manomaya-k?ya to date, however, have focused mostly on early P?li materials, and thus do not encompass theoretical development and soteriological significance of this notion in later tradition. As a beginning step to fill this gap, this article explores the meanings of the manomaya-k?ya represented in the ?r?m?l?dev? S?tra and the two treatises of the Ratnagotravibh?ga ??stra and the Foxing lun, which are doctrinally based on the ?r?m?l?dev? S?tra in their discussion of the manomaya-k?ya. Through the observation of the manomaya-k?ya in these Mah?y?na texts, this article seeks to demonstrate how the concept is used in the broader cosmological and soteriological system of Mah?y?na tradition. For this purpose, I first review the meanings of the manomaya-k?ya in early Buddhist texts and then observe the cosmological and soteriological meaning of the notion by analyzing the theoretical connection between the three Mah?y?na texts.
Putting the Madhyamaka Trick in Context: A Contextualist Reading of Huntington’s Interpretation of Madhyamaka
Authors: Dorfman Michael
Published: March 2015

In a series of works published over a period of twenty five years, C.W. Huntington, Jr. has developed a provocative and radical reading of Madhyamaka (particularly Early Indian Madhyamaka) inspired by ‘the insights of post- Wittgensteinian pragmatism and deconstruction’ (1993, 9). This article examines the body of Huntington’s work through the filter of his seminal 2007 publication, ‘The Nature of the M?dhyamika Trick’, a polemic aimed at a quartet of other recent commentators on Madhyamaka (Robinson, Hayes, Tillemans and Garfield) who attempt ‘to read N?g?rjuna through the lens of modern symbolic logic’ (2007, 103), a project which is the ‘end result of a long and complex scholastic enterprise … [which] can be traced backwards from contemporary academic discourse to fifteenth century Tibet, and from there into India’ (2007, 111) and which Huntington sees as distorting the Madhyamaka project which was not aimed at ‘command[ing] assent to a set of rationally grounded doctrines, tenets, or true conclusions’ (2007, 129). This article begins by explicating some disparate strands found in Huntington’s work, which I connect under a radicalized notion of ‘context’. These strands consist of a contextualist/pragmatic theory of truth (as opposed to a correspondence theory of truth), a contextualist epistemology (as opposed to one relying on foundationalist epistemic warrants), and a contextualist ontology where entities are viewed as necessarily relational (as opposed to possessing a context-independent essence.) I then use these linked theories to find fault with Huntington’s own readings of Candrak?rti and N?g?rjuna, arguing that Huntington misreads the semantic context of certain key terms (tarka, d???i, pak?a and pratijñ?) and fails to follow the implications of N?g?rjuna and Candrak?rti’s reliance on the role of the pram??as in constituting conventional reality. Thus, I find that Huntington’s imputation of a rejection of logic and rational argumentation to N?g?rjuna and Candrak?rti is unwarranted. Finally, I offer alternate readings of the four contemporary commentators selected by Huntington, using the conceptual apparatus developed earlier to dismiss Robinson’s and Hayes’s view of N?g?rjuna as a charlatan relying on logical fallacies, and to find common ground between Huntington’s project and the view of N?g?rjuna developed by Tillemans and Garfield as a thinker committed using reason to reach, through rational analysis, ‘the limits of thought.’
Buddhist Studies Review 5.1 (1988)
Authors: Various -
Published: March 2015

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Buddhist Studies Review 5.2 (1988)
Authors: Various -
Published: March 2015

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Treating without diagnosis: Psychoanalysis in medical settings in Argentina
Authors: Bonnin Juan Eduardo
Published: March 2015

This article is part of a larger research project the aim of which is to understand the discursive conditions of access and adherence to an outpatient mental health service at a public hospital in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The focus is on the historical conflict between medical discourse and psychoanalytical discourse as it emerges in the negotiation of treatment and diagnostic sequences at first consultations. This allows us to observe, on the one hand, patients who, socialized in medical discourse, and even in psychiatric discourse, expect the usual organization which first offers a diagnosis, however transitory, and then a treatment recommendation. On the other hand, however, psychoanalysts tend to reject diagnostic labels and offer treatment without further justification. This has an impact on the adherence of patients, and allows us to argue for the need of negotiating with medical discourse in order to guarantee engagement and continuity in treatment.
Laughter, communication problems and dementia
Authors: Lindholm Camilla
Published: March 2015

This article investigates how the elderly with dementia and their professional caregivers use laughter as a device to deal with problems related to language production and comprehension. The data consist of two game-playing situations, used to engage the elderly people in memory work. The article shows how the elderly patients recurrently laugh to acknowledge communication difficulties and to show awareness of their potential non-competency. The professional caregivers are shown to use slightly different strategies for responding to laughter segments initiated by the patients, either making the shortcomings part of the conversation or avoiding referring to the lapse explicitly. The laughter strategies used by the patients are compared to those reported in the CA-literature on laughter. It is well known that laughter is used in sequences of trouble and delicacy in both ordinary and institutional contexts, but my study shows that speakers with dementia laugh when they encounter problems related to language production and comprehension. This functional expansion in relation to premorbid occurrence is evidence that laughter fits the definition of compensatory behaviour utilized to overcome communication barriers. Certain conversational skills are preserved in individuals with dementia, but due to their cognitive impairment these resources are utilized in a slightly different way than by healthy speakers.
The Rabbit in the Hat: dubious argumentation and the persuasive effects of prescription drug advertising (DTCA)
Authors: Rubinelli Sara , Nakamoto Kent , Schulz Peter J.
Published: March 2015

There is an ongoing global debate over the potential benefits and risks of allowing direct-to-consumer advertising of prescription medicines (DTCA). The core of this debate concerns the identification of DTCA either as a beneficial procedure to be promoted or as a damaging procedure to be abolished. Economic data on DTCA suggest that this form of advertising has an impact on consumers. Based on this premise, we explore the use of argumentation theory to inquire into the reasons for this success. In particular, by combining perspectives from argumentation theory and marketing research this paper aims to test the hypothesis of whether DTCA presents information framed in potentially misleading, but persuasive, argumentative structures. We highlight and discuss the results of two studies designed to assess whether readers perceive DTCA as argumentative and, if so, which explicit and implicit elements provide groundings for the inference that consumers draw from the ads. The analysis highlights the presence in DTCA of dubious arguments (fallacies and distracting claims) that may go unnoticed. Also, it illustrates the nature of readers’ wrong assumptions that arise independently from the contents of the ads. These factors seem to influence the level of the self perceived persuasiveness of DTCA.
Could patients’ coughing have communicative significance?
Authors: Bailey Julia V.
Published: March 2015

Medical discourse positions patients with coughs and colds negatively, so consulting health services with ‘minor’ respiratory illness is therefore more accountable than for other medical problems. Patients face dilemmas since they must persuade doctors of the doctorability of their illness without being seen as hypochondriacal, and they risk losing face if doctors decide that there is nothing much wrong. It is known that the placement of non-lexical features of talk such as laughing or crying can have interactional meaning. Using a data set of videorecorded doctor–patient cough and cold consultations, this study explores whether patients’ coughing could have communicative significance. The study is a qualitative analysis of 33 consultations drawing on a constructionist, sociolinguistic analytic approach. Coughing is co-ordinated with talk rather than occurring randomly. Coughing helps patients to demonstrate the doctorability of their symptoms and to legitimize their claims for medical attention. Coughing is also associated with resistance to ‘no problem’ diagnoses, resulting in changes in the trajectory of talk (for example, soliciting more explanation from doctors and/or re-negotiation of doctors’ investigation or treatment plans). Coughing is undoubtedly a manifestation of respiratory illness, but also has communicative significance in consultations for coughs and colds.
Home care as a family matter? Discursive positioning, storylines and decision-making in assessment talk
Authors: Olaison Anna , Cedersund Elisabet
Published: March 2015

Home care arrangements for older people are coordinated via a client-centred assessment process. This article describes how storylines and discursive positioning are used among older people and their relatives when divergent opinions of care needs are expressed. Eleven assessment interviews were studied using discourse analysis. The results show that relatives and older people advanced three major storylines, and positioned themselves within them with respect to the need for help. These storylines were based on whether the persons viewed home care as an intrusion into daily routines and relationships, or as a complement and support in everyday life, or as a right. The content of the storylines and the ways in which positions were shaped within them illustrate how positioning is incorporated as part of the ongoing reflexive process in interaction in which participants form an image of the older person's needs. Assessments clarify the views of the participants on home care, but they also reflect the discourses that are prevalent in the aged care community and in society in general. The article raises questions about strengthening older people's participation in the decision making process and also whether a new communicative practice is needed for assessments, i.e., one that proceeds on the basis of a broader family perspective.
Recycling in clinical interaction involving children with and without language impairment
Authors: Plejert Charlotta , Samuelsson Christina
Published: March 2015

The aim of the present study is to investigate the form, function and frequency of repetitious talk in clinical interaction between children and speech language pathologists (SLP) as a test is carried out. The study comprises 45 Swedish children with and without language impairment (LI), aged between 4 years 4 months and 10 years, and six different SLPs. The repetitious behaviour investigated is the SLP's recycling of parts or the whole of the child's previous utterance. The results show that this type of recycling is more frequent in interaction involving children with LI than in interaction with children without LI. Recycling in SLPs’ responses to children without LI seems to occur where the children find the questions difficult, whereas recycling in responses to children with LI may occur in relation to any questions in the test. The finding that recycling is more common in talk involving children with LI highlights how understanding is negotiated when a participant has a communicative disability.
‘Is it alright if I-um-we unbutton your pyjama top now?’ Pronominal use in bedside teaching encounters
Authors: Rees Charlotte , Monrouxe Lynn
Published: March 2015

Individuals’ pronominal talk can signify how they conceptualize themselves, others and their relationships. Although studies have analysed healthcare professionals’ use of pronouns within the doctor– patient relationship, none have explored this within the ‘learning triad’ of the bedside teaching encounter (BTE). We aim to address this gap in the literature by considering the functions of pronouns in the talk of physician tutors, students and patients during BTEs. We analysed the use and function of pronouns (I, we, you and they), pronoun shifts and the collocate ‘think’ in the talk of five tutors, ten students and six patients within six BTEs. Our analysis suggested that participants’ pronominal talk served multiple functions. We discuss the varied functions of BTE participants’ pronominal talk and consider what their pronouns reveal about their understanding of each other and their relationships. Further research is needed with a more diverse sample, including younger patients, and across different settings like general practice, to explore the full diversity of pronominal talk within BTEs.
Tradition, Innovation, and Authentication: Replicating the "Ahl as-Sunna wa Jamaat" in Britain
Authors: Geaves Ron
Published: March 2015

The article will argue that the normative definition referring to Sunni Muslims, “Ahl as-Sunna wa Jamaat” has become highly contested since used as a strategy for legitimization by South Asian Sufi tariqas. Critiquing arguments that link scripturalist reform movements within Islam to urbanization, the author demonstrates that contemporary Sufi resistance to the reformers in Britain has welded together both rural ‘folk’ practice and ‘high’ Sufism into a potentially politically mobilized union. Rather than a separation of ulama and saints as proposed by Gellner, the South Asian Muslims met the Reform critique with a powerful and erudite opposition consisting of both pirs and maulvis which defended their cultic beliefs and practices as normative. The article concludes that the British experience demonstrates not so much the demise of traditional Sufism in the face of Wahhabi or Salafi scripturalism, but rather that the former are learning the lessons of the revivalists and creating innovative ways that authenticate tradition in the new urban environments of the West.
Making Sense of the Languages of Islam in Medieval North India1
Authors: Aquil Raziuddin
Published: March 2015

An extensive review of Muzaffar Alam's The Languages of Political Islam in India c 1200-1800 in which the reviewer concludes that 'despite the author's adherence to liberal/progressive values within Islam and commitment to secular politics in contemporary India, which have restrained him in a large measure, this work has almost everything in it to become a classic.'
Foreword
Authors: Bauer Karen , Ali Kecia , Chaudhry Ayesha Siddiqua , Silvers Laury
Published: March 2015

The papers included in this special issue of Comparative Islamic Studies were first presented at the 2006 meeting of the American Academy of Religion at a panel jointly sponsored by the Study of Islam and Women and Religion sections of the AAR; Ebrahim Moosa of Duke University moderated and responded. This session, “Approaching the Problem of Qur’an 4:34: Divine Legislation for Male Authority and the Beating of Wives?,” drew a crowd of more than one hundred members of the academy. The papers explore how this verse has been – and might be – understood, called upon, and interpreted from age to age among Muslim thinkers.
Qur’?nic Constitutionalism and Moral Governmentality: Further Notes on the Founding Principles of Islamic Society and Polity
Authors: Hallaq Wael B
Published: March 2015

A sequel to earlier publications on the subject, this article argues that the Qur’?n not only saw itself and was seen as exclusively authorized to adjudicate matters in the social realm but also that it was directly responsible for the origination of constitutive epistemic and political structures in the Shar?‘a. Specifically, through a study of certain paradigmatic concepts, it attempts to show that the Qur’?n laid the foundations for three constitutive features of the Shar?‘a, namely, (1) its constitutional organization and the practice of the rule of law; (2) its landmark features of jurists’ law and ijtih?dic apparatus; and (3) its moral governmentality.
Lost Enlightenment. Central Asia’s Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane
Authors: Olsson Susanne
Published: March 2015

Review by Susanne Olsson of Lost Enlightenment. Central Asia’s Golden Age from the Arab Conquest to Tamerlane, S. Frederick Starr
Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction
Authors: Poljarevic Emin
Published: March 2015

Book review by Emin Poljarevic of Theorizing Islam: Disciplinary Deconstruction and Reconstruction, Aaron W. Hughes
Moral Geographies and the Disciplining Of Senses Among Swedish Salafis
Authors: Dogan Güney
Published: March 2015

The formation of a new moral subjectivity is a complex process; it generally involves drastic changes to the everyday lives of practitioners. In trying to escape what they define as corrupting and immoral surroundings, the informants of this study often develop alternative strategies and more flexible stands to manage to live as Salafi Muslims in Sweden. This can be related to the view held by some human geographers that spaces are deemed as moral or immoral. As such, the informants included in this study understand spaces as arranged around social practices known to take places therein. Peoples’ identities are thus (presumingly) shaped within such spaces. From such a perspective, this article will analyze how a particular Salafi purist group cultivates piety in their everyday lives by disciplining their senses and creating moral geographies. The article is qualitative in its approach and employs ethnographical methods such as observations and informal interviews.
Lifestyle
Authors: Bodenham Paul
Published: March 2015

Operation Noah is a campaign about climate change for churches and community groups. It enables them to take action, both as citizens at the national and international level, and as consumers at the personal level, by encouraging people to join the ‘Climate Covenant’. The Kyoto Protocol represents only a start to the urgent worldwide task to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Operation Noah will build a mandate to encourage the UK government to take a lead in negotiations for a long-term safe and just resolution to the climate crisis. It also shows how people, churches and other groups can switch to clean electricity as a first step to delivering the solution. The campaign recognizes a spiritual dimension to the climate crisis, which requires a contribution to be made to public debate from a faith perspective. The stories of Noah and the Rainbow Covenant have relevance for our own time, and include symbols full of potential for creative expression. The campaign enables churches and other groups to offer a prophetic witness, in a manner that is both attractive and challenging.
Richard Foltz, Frederick Denny and Azizan Baharuddin (eds.), Islam and Ecology
Authors: Geaves Ron
Published: March 2015

Richard Foltz, Frederick Denny and Azizan Baharuddin (eds.), Islam and Ecology (Religions of the World Ecology Series; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2003), pp. xxxv + 584. £18.95, ISBN 0-9454-5440-6.
Anthony J. Sanford (ed.), The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding
Authors: Hocknull Mark
Published: March 2015

Anthony J. Sanford (ed.), The Nature and Limits of Human Understanding (London: Continuum/T. & T. Clark, 2003), pp. xviii + 259. Hardback ISBN 0-5670-8946-0. Paperback ISBN 0-5670-8947-9, £19.99.
An Overview of Teilhard’s Commitment to ‘Seeing’ as Expressed in his Phenomenology, Metaphysics, and Mysticism
Authors: Grim John A. , Tucker Mary Evelyn
Published: March 2015

Using Teilhard’s emphasis on ‘seeing’ this article explores Teilhard de Chardin’s articulation of a vision of evolution as a dynamic process in which the psychic character of physical matter evolves into ever-greater complexity and consciousness. Teilhard proposed that evolutionary complexity-consciousness is especially evident in the appearance of humans. This work considers the significance of complexity-consciousness for Teilhard as an emergent property of a matter-spirit dialectic. This article investigates Teilhard’s commitment to seeing drawing on his phenomenology of an involution of matter, a metaphysics of union with spirit, and a mysticism of centration of person. Finally, there are brief considerations of the contributions and limits of Teilhard’s thought in light of contemporary issues.
Simon Hailwood, How to be a Green Liberal
Authors: Turvey Jacaranda
Published: March 2015

Simon Hailwood, How to be a Green Liberal (Chesham: Acumen Publishing, 2004), pp. 197. Paperback, £16.99, ISBN 1-9026-8384-6.
Graham Harvey (ed.), Readings in Indigenous Religions
Authors: Bowie Fiona
Published: March 2015

Graham Harvey (ed.), Readings in Indigenous Religions (London: Continuum, 2002), pp. 384 Paperback, £25.00. ISBN 0-8264-5101-2.
Bruno Latour, Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy
Authors: Whaite R.P.
Published: March 2015

Bruno Latour, Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences into Democracy (trans. Catherine Porter; Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 320 pp. Hardback, $55.00/£35.95/€50.70, ISBN 0674-01289-5. Paperback, $24.95/£16.95/€23.10, ISBN 0674-01347-6.
Lisa H. Sideris, Environmental Ethics, Ecological Theology and Natural Selection
Authors: Northcott Michael S.
Published: March 2015

Lisa H. Sideris, Environmental Ethics, Ecological Theology and Natural Selection (New York: Columbia University Press, 2003), pp. x + 311. $26.00, ISBN 0-2311-2661-1.
Sir Martin Rees, Our Final Hour: A Scientist’s Warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental Disaster Threaten Humankind’s Future in this Century—On Earth and Beyond
Authors: Gorman Antonia
Published: March 2015

Sir Martin Rees, Our Final Hour: A Scientist’s Warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental Disaster Threaten Humankind’s Future in this Century—On Earth and Beyond (New York: Basic Books, 2003), pp. viii + 228. Paperback, $15.00. ISBN 0-465-06863-4.
Bron R. Taylor (editor-in-chief), The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature
Authors: Dalton Anne Marie , Erhard Nancie
Published: March 2015

Bron R. Taylor (editor-in-chief), The Encyclopedia of Religion and Nature (London and New York: Thoemmes Continuum, 2005), I and II, pp. xxlv +1877. Hardback $450, £250, ISBN 1-8437-1138-9.
Celia E. Deane-Drummond, The Ethics of Nature
Authors: Flynn Patrick T.
Published: March 2015

Celia E. Deane-Drummond, The Ethics of Nature (New Dimensions to Religious Ethics Series, 3; Oxford: Blackwell, 2003–2004), pp. xvi + 256. Paperback $31.95, £20.99, ISBN 0-6312-2938-8. Hardback $78.95, £65.00, ISBN 0-6312-2937-X.
Ian Mills, a divine ecology
Authors: Shaw Sylvie
Published: March 2015

Ian Mills, a divine ecology (Sarasota, FL: FLF Press, 2004), pp. 649. Paperback $34. ISBN 1-89185-5662.
Denis Edwards, Breath of Life: A Theology of the Creator Spirit
Authors: O'Hara Dennis Patrick
Published: March 2015

Denis Edwards, Breath of Life: A Theology of the Creator Spirit (Maryknoll, New York: Orbis Books, 2004), pp. x + 214. Paperback US$24. ISBN 1-57075-525-6.
Alister McGrath, Dawkins’ God: Genes, Memes and the Meaning of Life
Authors: Robinson Andrew
Published: March 2015

Alister McGrath, Dawkins’ God: Genes, Memes and the Meaning of Life (Oxford: Blackwell Publishing, 2005), pp. vi + 202. Paperback £9.99, ISBN 1-4051-2538-1. Hardback £45.00, ISBN 1-4051-2539-X.