bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Phenytoin: A promising non-antibiotic drug for the topical treatment of digital dermatitis in dairy cows
Authors: El-Shafaey El-Sayed , Hamed Mohamed A. , Elfadl Eman Abo , Gomaa Naglaa A. , Rizk Mohamed Abdo
Published: November 2021

Background and Aim: Digital dermatitis (DD) is one of the most common causes of lameness in dairy cattle. It is seen in nearly all dairy herds across the world and has substantial welfare and economic implications. In this study, we aimed to investigate the efficacy of phenytoin sodium topical treatment on painful ulcerative stage of bovine digital dermatitis (BDD).

Materials and Methods: In total, 45 Holstein-Friesian dairy cows with DD were randomly assigned to one of the three topical treatment trials (15 each): Saline solution (first treatment, negative control), chlortetracycline spray (second treatment, positive control), or phenytoin sodium powder (third treatment, positive control) (third treatment). On day 0 (pre-treatment) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 post-treatment, the response of DD-affected cows to the medications used was evaluated by measuring lesion depth and size, as well as the total clinical score (lameness, pain, and discomfort).

Results: The cure rate in cows treated with phenytoin (86.66%) on day 28 was significantly improved compared to cows treated with either chlortetracycline (60%) or normal saline (6.66 %).

Conclusion: Our findings highlight the superiority of phenytoin over the commonly used antibacterial agent, chlortetracycline, in the topical treatment of BDD, and subsequently suggest that phenytoin should be considered a suitable alternative treatment option for the treatment of BDD.
The Tink’s saga? Is it the Time for the Corporate Governance?
Authors: Meneghini Eleandra Maria Prigol , Passos Ana Paula Pereira dos , Lana Jeferson
Published: November 2021

Objective: To promote a discussion on the benefits and challenges of the process of implementing mechanisms and good corporate governance practices in a multifamily company. Method: the case was based on real problems of a privately held multifamily organization and fictitious narratives were developed for its construction. Originality/relevance: Multifamily companies potentialize the existence of conflicts between the main ones due to the plurality of partners regarding corporate management and control. In this teaching case, some of these dilemmas were presented and how corporate governance could avoid, mitigate or remedy them in order to find adequate alignment between family members. Results: Conflicts of interest and information asymmetries indicated the need for new solutions for business continuity. Among these solutions, there was the possibility of implementing mechanisms and good corporate governance practices. Theoretical/methodological contributions: It is expected that the student develops an understanding of the need to consider inherent gains and losses in decision making and the particularities of the organization, such as shareholder composition, maturity of the organization and protection of capital and property.
Nonlinear Quantum Phenomena During the Polarization of Nanometer Layers of Proton Semiconductors and Dielectrics
Authors: Kalytka V.A.
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the influence of the structure and parameters of the degenerate quasi-discrete energy spectrum of relaxers (protons) on the mechanism of nonlinear quantum diffusion polarization in nanoscale layers of hydrogen bonded crystals (HBC) in a wide range of parameters of fields (100 kV/m - 1000 MV/m) and temperatures (0-1550 K). The temperature dependence of the quantum transparency of the parabolic potential barrier for protons in HBC is calculated using the Gibbs quantum canonical distribution for the ensemble of non-interacting protons (ideal proton gas balanced with the ions of anion sub-lattice) moving in an onedimensional potential field of a crystalline lattice (in the field of hydrogen bonds) with a zone structure distributed by energy levels. The influence of "zero" oscillations of protons on the temperature dependences of the proton subsystem kinetic coefficients in HBC is considered. It is revealed that proton tunneling influences the nonlinear space-charge polarization kinetics in HBC at high (150-550 K) and ultrahigh (550-1550 K) temperatures when crystalline layer thickness ranges from 1 to 10 nm. The results of theoretical studies (based on earlier experiments) are bound to be prospective for the prediction of HBC-class (KDP, DKDP) ferroelectrics properties, studying the second-order nonlinear optical effects of femtosecond lasers, and the development of memory cells for non-volatile high-speed memory devices.
Quo vadis? - A családi vállalkozások összetett célrendszerének elemzése
Authors: Heidrich Balázs , Vajdovich Nóra
Published: November 2021

A cikk célja egy összefoglaló ismeretanyag készítése volt a témában megjelent szakirodalmi áttekintések alapján, valamint a családi vállalkozások szervezeti céljainak modellben történő leírása. A családi vállalkozások céljait a vállalat családi kötődéséből fakadó jellegzetességei teszik különlegessé és heterogénné. Így a gazdasági célok mellett megjelennek a nem gazdasági, vagyis szocioemocionális célok is. A családi vállalkozások céljainak kategorizálásán kívül a tanulmány rendszerezni kívánja azok kialakulását és kialakítását befolyásoló tényezőket és folyamatokat, valamint a lehetséges következményeket. A családi vállalkozások szervezeti céljait leíró modell érthetővé teszi a célokhoz kapcsolódó viszonyokat. E témában, a szerzők tudomása szerint, hazánkban még nem jelent meg publikáció, így arra tesznek kísérletet, hogy javaslataikkal felhívják a figyelmet az ez irányú kutatások szükségességére.
A kapcsolatok kémiájáról. Az egyéni viselkedés hálózatformáló hatásai
Authors: Baksa Máté
Published: November 2021

Az emberi kapcsolataink értékesek. Napjainkban ez az állítás talán már közhelyszámba megy, mégis gyakran előfordul, hogy több tudatos figyelmet fordítunk egy-egy új technikai kütyü kiválasztására, mint emberi kapcsolataink megválogatására vagy tervezett alakítására. Kutatások sora bizonyítja, hogy kapcsolataink alapvetően meghatározzák életminőségünket, egészségünket és szakmai boldogulásunkat, ennek ellenére legtöbben csak sodródunk az eseményekkel, és kiengedjük kezünkből az irányítást, ha kapcsolati hálónk alakításáról van szó. Mégis mi okunk lehet erre? Marissa King, a Yale Egyetem Szervezeti Magatartás Tanszékének professzora szerint alapvetően alábecsüljük egyéni döntéseink súlyát a kapcsolathálózatunk formálódásában; társas sikereinket vagy kudarcainkat személyiségünkkel kapcsolatos hiedelmeinkkel magyarázzuk; és általában viszolygunk attól az eszközelvű kapcsolatépítéstől, amelyet közkeletűen networkingnek nevezünk.
Changes in Consumer Wellness During the Early Weeks of the Pandemic
Authors: Lee Heejae , Worthy Sheri
Published: November 2021

COVID-19 has affected consumers' wellness-related behavior and lifestyle choices. Online survey respondents were asked about changes in their health and wellness perceptions and behaviors—overall wellbeing, diet, physical activity, and sleep—due to the pandemic. Age was
related to changes in all four wellness areas, with older respondents experiencing less change than did younger respondents. Race was related to changes in overall well-being, diet, and sleep. Whites and Asians reported less change than did Blacks or Hispanics. Change in sleep was associated
with age, race, marital status, and BMI. Educating consumers on healthy behaviors is more important than ever during COVID-19.
Comments to clinical guidelines “Iodine deficiency disorders and diseases”
Authors: Gerasimov G. A.
Published: November 2021

The Letter to Editor presents an analysis of some sections of the clinical guidelines «Diseases and conditions associated with iodine deficiency» published in No. 3 of the journal «Problems of Endocrinology» for 2021. In particular, the discussion deals with the coding of thyroid diseases according to ICD-10, depending on the iodine status of the population of constituent entities of the Russian Federation, as well as issues of diagnosis and treatment, such as «verification» of goiter detected by palpation, or treatment of the vast majority of children, adolescents and adults with potassium iodide. The obstacles to the epidemiological assessment of the iodine status of the population when examining schoolchildren are discussed separately, in connection with the introduction in 2020 of the new regulation, which requires the mandatory use of iodized salt for cooking in school canteens throughout the country.
Supporting Students with an Autism Spectrum Disorder in Engineering: K-12 and Beyond
Authors:   Towson University, Kouo Jennifer L. , Hahn Alexis E. ,   Towson University, Morton Sarah ,   Towson University, Gregorio Jay
Published: November 2021

Individuals with disabilities, including individuals with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD), are underrepresented in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. With the importance of STEM skills in future employment and other disciplines, effective instructional strategies must be identified to enhance early and sustained access to STEM for students with ASD. However, the literature identifying effective STEM-specific supports and practices for this population of students is sparse and regarding engineering, there are no empirical studies that focus on teaching engineering skills to students with ASD. Therefore, the article aims to provide an overview of the available literature on the perspectives of engineering educators and suggested strategies aimed at supporting students with ASD in K-12 instruction and higher education. Additionally, recommendations regarding employment preparation and shifting the workplace environment to support individuals with ASD are presented. The available literature reveals limitations and implications for future research including the presentation of the voices of individuals with ASD across the spectrum. Furthermore, there continues to be work that must be done to prepare educators, employers, peers, and colleagues to better understand the disability and support individuals with ASD in all contexts.
Describing the Experiences of Students with ADHD Learning Science Content with Emerging Technologies
Authors:   Texas Tech University, Hite Rebecca , Childers Gina ,   Texas Tech University, Jones Gail ,   North Carolina State University, Corin Elysa ,   Institute for Learning Innovation, Pereyra Mariana ,   University of the Republic, Uruguay
Published: November 2021

Emerging technologies, such as virtual reality, haptics, and 3-dimensionality, provide novel opportunities to allow students to investigate scientific phenomena by fostering perceptions of virtual presence, the feeling of being sensorially immersed and authentically interacting within a computer-generated virtual learning environment (VLE). Neurotypical learners are largely represented in VLE research on science learning, with fewer with neurodivergent learners, such as students with ADHD. This descriptive case study sought to address the dearth in the literature on neurodivergent students’ experiences, with emerging technologies, for learning science. Specifically, the case describes the extent to which neurodivergent learners experience the affordances of VLEs for science learning, as compared to their neurotypical peers, in: zooming, spatially orienting and rotating objects, viewing multiple representations and abstract processes in real-time, as well engaging in risk through multiple trials. Five middle grades students (diagnosed with ADHD) were assessed and observed using a tool (zSpace) that combines emerging technologies to learn cardiac anatomy and physiology. Students’ utterances of virtual presence and technological affordances were coded, and frequency counts and percentages were calculated, both individually and collectively. The results found that students most described sensory (41%), control (30%), and realism (26%) constructs with fewer reports of holding their attention (3%). Analyses of cardiac assessments found gains in scores for spatial rotation and viewing abstract processes, no change in score in viewing multiple representations, and a decrease in scores for spatial orientation. This case study provides unique insight into the needs of neurodivergent learners when using emerging technologies for science learning.
“Darlo todo”: sacrificio, profesión y maternidad de bailarinas de tango y contemporáneo en Buenos Aires
Authors: Verdenelli Juliana
Published: November 2021

En este artículo se indaga la relevancia de la noción de sacrificio para comprender ciertas desigualdades persistentes en las relaciones de género en los circuitos dancísticos profesionales del tango y la danza contemporánea en Buenos Aires. A partir de los datos recolectados en un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado entre 2014 y 2020 con un grupo de bailarinas madres, se observa que las representaciones del sacrificio son centrales para comprender los repertorios discursivos que son movilizados para reivindicar un compromiso total e intensivo con el rol de bailarina y para postular una incompatibilidad inherente a la carrera dancística con la maternidad. Se concluye que este ideal de sacrificio y consagración provoca sensaciones de desajuste e incompatibilidad dentro de los proyectos personales de muchas artistas de cara a la conciliación de la profesión y la maternidad.
La aplicación de las ómicas para comprender la base molecular de la insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica
Authors: Clària Joan
Published: November 2021

La insuficiencia hepática aguda sobre crónica (ACLF) es un síndrome complejo que desarrollan los pacientes con cirrosis aguda descompensada. En esta patología, un sistema inmune desequilibrado y la excesiva inflamación sistémica están estrechamente relacionados con el fallo orgánico y la mortalidad a corto plazo. En la presente revisión, describimos la contribución de las llamadas tecnologías “ómicas” a la caracterización del estado hiperinflamatorio en pacientes con cirrosis descompensada aguda que han desarrollado ACLF, centrándonos en el papel de la metabolómica, la lipidómica y la transcriptómica en la identificación de los factores desencadenantes (patógenos y patrones moleculares asociados al daño [PAMPs y DAMPs]), así como de las moléculas efectoras (citocinas, quimiocinas, factores de crecimiento y mediadores lipídicos bioactivos) que provocan la activación del sistema inmune innato. Esta revisión también describe el papel esencial que pueden desempeñar las ciencias “ómicas” a la hora de acelerar la identificación de nuevos biomarcadores, que podrían dar lugar a la implementación de nuevas terapias o intervenciones destinadas a proteger a estos pacientes de la excesiva inflamación sistémica, así como del fallo orgánico.
Multiple positive solutions for a class of Kirchhoff type equations with indefinite nonlinearities
Authors: Che Guofeng , Wu Tsung-fang
Published: November 2021

We study the following Kirchhoff type equation:

−a+b∫RN|∇u|2dxΔu+u=k(x)|u|p−2u+m(x)|u|q−2u  in  RN,$$\begin{equation*}\begin{array}{ll} -\left(a+b\int\limits_{\mathbb{R}^{N}}|\nabla u|^{2}\mathrm{d}x\right)\Delta u+u =k(x)|u|^{p-2}u+m(x)|u|^{q-2}u~~\text{in}~~\mathbb{R}^{N}, \end{array} \end{equation*}$$

whereN=3,a,b>0$ a,b \gt 0 $,1<q<2<p<min{4,2∗}$ 1 \lt q \lt 2 \lt p \lt \min\{4, 2^{*}\} $, 2≤=2N/(N − 2),k ∈ C(ℝN) is bounded andm ∈ Lp/(p−q)(ℝN). By imposing some suitable conditions on functionsk(x) andm(x), we firstly introduce some novel techniques to recover the compactness of the Sobolev embeddingH1(RN)↪Lr(RN)(2≤r<2∗)$ H^{1}(\mathbb{R}^{N})\hookrightarrow L^{r}(\mathbb{R}^{N}) (2\leq r \lt 2^{*}) $; then the Ekeland variational principle and an innovative constraint method of the Nehari manifold are adopted to get three positive solutions for the above problem.
COVID-19 effective reproduction number determination: an application, and a review of issues and influential factors
Authors: Bautista Balbás Luis Alfredo , Gil Conesa Mario , Bautista Balbás Blanca , Rodríguez Caravaca Gil
Published: November 2021

Objectives

An essential indicator of COVID-19 transmission is the effective reproduction number (R

t
), the number of cases which an infected individual is expected to infect at a particular point in time; curves of the evolution of R

t
over time (transmission curves) reflect the impact of preventive measures and whether an epidemic is controlled.

Methods

We have created a Shiny/R web application (https://alfredob.shinyapps.io/estR0/) with user-selectable features: open data sources with daily COVID-19 incidences from all countries and many regions, customizable preprocessing options (smoothing, proportional increment, etc.), different MonteCarlo-Markov-Chain estimates of the generation time or serial interval distributions and state-of-the-art R

t
estimation frameworks (EpiEstim, R
0). This application could be used as a tool both to obtain transmission estimates and to perform interactive sensitivity analysis. We have analyzed the impact of these factors on transmission curves. We also have obtained curves at the national and sub-national level and analyzed the impact of epidemic control strategies, superspreading events, socioeconomic factors and outbreaks.

Results

Reproduction numbers showed earlier anticipation compared to active prevalence indicators (14-day cumulative incidence, overall infectivity). In the sensitivity analysis, the impact of different R

t
estimation methods was moderate/small, and the impact of different serial interval distributions was very small. We couldn’t find conclusive evidence regarding the impact of alleged superspreading events. As a limitation, dataset quality can limit the reliability of the estimates.

Conclusions

The thorough review of many examples of COVID-19 transmission curves support the usage of R

t
estimates as a robust transmission indicator.
In an Imperfect World Policy Rules Cannot be Perfect Either
Authors: Wagner Gert G.
Published: November 2021

It is striking that economists in particular firmly believe in the benefits of rule-binding, even though this belief runs counter to the standard assumption of economic theory that we humans are self-interested and therefore extremely resourceful when it comes to circumventing inconvenient government regulations, e.g. taxes. In Public Choice Theory, politicians are even assumed to have nothing but self-interest as their guiding motive for action. Why then, in this world of thought, should ultra-self-interested politicians of all people adhere to simple rules such as the debt brake instead of bypass them, if – as is also assumed in this model world all that matters to them is short-term electoral success, for which government debt can be helpful.
Between Form and Content: Narrative Typology, Metafiction and Ideology inThe Thousand and One Nights
Authors: Dolcerocca Özen Nergis
Published: November 2021

With few exceptions, narrative theory does not ordinarily consider the self-reflexive capacity ofThe Thousand and One Nightsbeyond its canonical instance of framing, and Arabic literary scholarship does not ordinarily engage with its narratological aspects. This article proposes a narratological approach for a systematic breakdown of story cycles through abstraction, partly by making use of computer programming language, in order to demonstrate the narrative typology in theNights. It argues that repetitions, transpositions, substitutions, and reversals testify to tensions between the overt ideology of the text and the counter discourse that unsettles this logic, concealed in its poetics. The article thereby aims to bring some of the core concepts of narrative theory into dialogue with theNightsscholarship, and to contribute to a theoretical conversation about ideological critique in narrative analysis, particularly within the pre-modern storytelling tradition.
The local formula of representation of a solution for a functional differential equation with the mixed initial
condition considering perturbations of delays containing in the phase coordinates and in controls
Authors: Alkhazishvili Lela , Iordanishvili Medea
Published: November 2021

For the perturbed controlled nonlinear delay
functional differential equation with the mixed initial condition
a formula of the analytic representation of solution is proved in
the left neighborhood of the endpoint of main interval. In the
formula the effects of perturbations of the delay parameters
containing in the phase coordinates and controls, the initial
vector, the initial and control functions are detected.
Ketoacidosis in new-onset type 1 diabetes: did the severity increase during the COVID-19 pandemic?
Authors: Botelho Teresa A. , Santos Joana M. N. , Pinho Crisbety M. S. , Martins Ana Isabel B. R. , Formiga Adriana I. S. , Serra-Caetano Joana , Cardoso Rita C. F. , Dinis Isabel C. A. D. , Mirante Alice S. R.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, there has been a consistent decrease in the number of admissions to the emergency department, leading to a delay in the diagnosis of several pathologies. The time from onset of symptoms to the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes is highly variable. This treatment delay can lead to the appearance of ketoacidosis.

Methods

Retrospective study of inaugural Type 1 diabetes cases, from March 2016 to March 2021. The pandemic group was considered between March 2020 to March 2021, and the remaining period was considered as pre-pandemic. Clinical variables were analysed: duration of symptoms, weight loss and value of ketonemia and glycated haemoglobin on admission. The mean differences were considered statistically significant at p<0.05.

Results

103 inaugural episodes of Type 1 diabetes were registered. The pandemic group had a lower mean age when compared to pre-pandemic group, and 51.7% of the episodes had ketoacidosis with a higher relative risk of ketoacidosis and severe ketoacidosis, when compared the pandemic with pre-pandemic group, there was a longer symptom evolution time (34 vs. 20 days), greater weight loss occurred (9.5% vs. 6.3%), the pH and HCO3
− values were lower (7.30 vs. 7.36 and 16.43 vs. 20.71 mmol/L respectively) and ketonemia was higher (5.9 vs. 2.3 mmol/L).

Conclusions

The COVID-19 pandemic caused a delay in the diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes, greater length of disease, greater weight loss, higher ketonemia and lower pH and HCO3
−. There was greater ketoacidosis relative risk in pandemic group when compared to pre-pandemic group.
#StopAsianHate: Understanding the Global Rise of Anti-Asian Racism from a Transcultural Communication Perspective
Authors: Chen Sibo , Wu Cary
Published: November 2021

The rise of anti-Asian racism during the COVID-19 pandemic has been a global phenomenon. This article aims to develop a transcultural communication perspective to examine the global rise in anti-Asian violence. It discusses the intersection of global and local factors underlying the rise of anti-Asian racism in Canada, namely (1) the historical and ongoing impacts of settler colonialism (2) the flaws of Canadian multiculturalism, and (3) the insider/outsider dichotomy adopted by mass media’s framing of the pandemic. By explicating these structural factors from a transcultural communication perspective, this article argues that politicized transcultural discussions on white supremacy are urgently needed for initiating constructive conversations over anti-Asian racism worldwide.
European Film Commissions as Transcultural Promoters and Mediators
Authors: Cucco Marco , Richeri Giuseppe
Published: November 2021

This article investigates transcultural communication taking film commissions as case study. Film commissions are non-profit organisations looking to attract audiovisual productions to their areas and supply these audiovisual productions with services free of charge. Although relatively recent and little studied, film commissions are spreading fast worldwide. Combining the political economy approach with the most recent production studies, the article contends that film commissions can stimulate transcultural phenomena on three levels. First, they act as intermediaries between the audiovisual production and the host area. Second, they encourage collaboration between different production cultures. Third, they incentivise brand-new collaboration between the audiovisual production and the tourist sector.
»Die Waffe Mensch«
Authors: Nübel Christoph
Published: November 2021

Der Artikel vertritt die These, dass Sport die Ausbildung im deutschen Heer vor und während des Ersten Weltkrieges wesentlich ergänzte. Aus militärischer Sicht sprachen drei Gründe dafür. Erstens eignete sich Sport dazu, Charakter und Körper zu trainieren. Zweitens war er Instrument der militärischen Breiten‑ und der Spezialausbildung. Drittens schließlich galt er als Mittel, Mannschaftssoldaten zur Selbstständigkeit auf dem Gefechtsfeld zu erziehen. Argumentiert wird, dass der Militärsport in zeitgenössischer Auffassung die hohen Anforderungen des modernen Krieges in sich aufhob. Als mit Leistungsanreizen und freiheitlich-spielerischen Elementen operierendes System erweiterte er das bislang primär mit Anleitung, Kontrolle und Disziplin operierende Arsenal der Ausbildung um das Element der Selbstständigkeit. Indem die Ausbildung um Techniken militärischer Selbstführung ergänzt wurde, veränderte sich das Bild des Mannschaftssoldaten. Seit 1900 wurde er im Rahmen einer auf das Individuum zielenden normativen militärischen Subjektkultur mit biopolitischen Zügen verhandelt, die als Leitbild auch Rückwirkungen auf den Dienstalltag hatte. Ihr Ideal war der selbstständig handelnde und zugleich gehorsame Mannschaftssoldat, der die militärische Ordnung als Leitbild und Handlungsrahmen begriff.
Die Aktion »Verwüstung«
Authors: Bonenkamp Daniel R.
Published: November 2021

Im Herbst 1968 startete das ostdeutsche Ministerium für Staatssicherheit eine Desinformationskampagne gegen die Bundesrepublik. Darin wurde der Regierung in Bonn vorgeworfen, für eine europäische Grenzrevision die Entwicklung und Herstellung von biologischen und chemischen Kampfstoffen anzustreben und somit in die Verfügungsgewalt von Massenvernichtungswaffen zu gelangen. Die ostdeutsche Propagandakampagne zielte dabei vorrangig auf die Torpedierung der Beziehungen der westlichen Bündnispartner ab, insbesondere zwischen der Bundesrepublik und den USA. Die vorliegende Untersuchung zur Aktion »Verwüstung« weist dabei auf ein bislang fast vergessenes Forschungsfeld ostdeutscher Desinformationskampagnen hin, die das deutsch-deutsche Verhältnis während des Kalten Krieges maßgebend beeinflussten.
Spiraling light: from donut modes to a Magnus effect analogy
Authors: Spreeuw Robert J. C.
Published: November 2021

The insight that optical vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), which emerged in Leiden about 30 years ago, has since led to an ever expanding range of applications and follow-up studies. This paper starts with a short personal account of how these concepts arose. This is followed by a description of some recent ideas where the coupling of transverse orbital and spin angular momentum (SAM) in tightly focused laser beams produces interesting new effects. The deflection of a focused light beam by an atom in the focus is reminiscent of the Magnus effect known from aerodynamics. Momentum conservation dictates an accompanying light force on the atom, transverse to the optical axis. As a consequence, an atom held in an optical tweezer will be trapped at a small distance of up to λ/2π away from the optical axis, which depends on the spin state of the atom and the magnetic field direction. This opens up new avenues to control the state of motion of atoms in optical tweezers as well as potential applications in quantum gates and interferometry.
Research on speed sensor fusion of urban rail transit train speed ranging based on deep learning
Authors: Zhan Xuemei , Mu Zhong Hua , Kumar Rajeev , Shabaz Mohammad
Published: November 2021

The speed sensor fusion of urban rail transit train speed ranging based on deep learning builds a user-friendly structure but it in-turn increases the risk of traffic that significantly challenges its safety and transportation efficacy. In order to improve the operation safety and transportation efficiency of urban rail transit trains, a train speed ranging system based on embedded multi-sensor information is proposed in this article. The status information of the train is acquired by the axle speed sensor and the Doppler radar speed sensor; however, the query transponder collects the status information of the train, and is used in the embedded system. Various other modules like adaptive correction, idling/sliding detection and compensation of speed transition/sliding are used in the proposed methodology to reduce the vehicle speed positioning errors due to factors such as wheel wear, idling, sliding, and environment. The results show that the running time of the train is 1000s, the output period of the axle speed sensor is 0.005s and the accelerometer output period is 0.01s. The output cycle of doppler radar is observed to be 0.1s, the output cycle of the transponder is 1s and the fusion period of the main filter is observed as 1s. The train speed ranging system of the embedded multi-sensor information fusion system proposed in this article can effectively improve the accuracy of the train speed positioning.
Behavioral Economics in Plea-Bargain Decision-Making: Beyond the Shadow-of-Trial Model
Authors: Clatch Lauren , Borgida Eugene
Published: November 2021

Legal scholars have long assumed that plea bargains are contracts negotiated between rational actors who adhere to the dictates of the normative shadow-of-trial model. The two key features that rational actors presumably haggle over in the shadow of trial are the criminal charge (and associated sentence) and the probability of trial conviction. The behavioral economics theory ofdiscounting, however, offers a theoretical foundation for testing the shadow-of-trial model. This article summarizes findings from experimental discounting studies in behavioral economics and psychological science – showing that these paradigms can be successfully applied to the plea-bargaining decision context wherein the likelihood of trial is uncertain and delayed, and the plea bargain is relatively certain and immediate. We suggest that the implications of applying discounting to plea bargaining are three-fold: (1) empirical evidence suggests that the shadow-of-trial model is too narrow; (2) the discounting of non-monetary losses may involve slightly different psychological processes than contexts involving monetary outcomes; and (3) probability of conviction and delay until trial constitute situational features that elicit guilty pleas despite a defendant’s factual innocence.
Dialogical functions of metaphors in medical interactions
Authors: Rossi Maria Grazia , Macagno Fabrizio , Bigi Sarah
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a method for analyzing the dialogical functions of metaphors in communicative interactions, and more specifically in the context of medical interviews. The dialogical goals proposed and pursued by the interlocutors are coded using a coding scheme that captures seven mutually exclusive categories of dialogical moves. The functions of the moves, including metaphors, can be identified and correlated with other variables relevant to the type of communication under analysis. The coding scheme is used to analyze a corpus of 39 interactions between healthcare providers and patients affected by Type 2 diabetes. The exploratory quantitative analysis, for the purpose of determining the different distributions of metaphor uses between patients and providers, is combined with qualitative analysis in which the thematic areas of the metaphors are considered. The findings show how patients and providers use metaphors for pursuing different dialogical goals and meeting distinct communicative needs.
Approximate analytical solution for the propagation of shock wave in a mixture of small solid particles and non-ideal gas: isothermal flow
Authors: Nath Gorakh
Published: November 2021

This paper presents the development of mathematical model to obtain the approximate analytical solutions for isothermal flows behind the strong shock (blast) wave in a van der Waals gas and small solid particles mixture. The small solid particles are continuously distributed in the mixture and the equilibrium conditions for flow are maintained. To derive the analytical solutions, the physical variables such as density, pressure, and velocity are expanded using perturbation method in power series. The solutions are derived in analytical form for first approximation, and for second order approximation the set of differential equations are also obtained. The effects of an increase in the problem parameters value on the physical variables are investigated for first order approximation. A comparison is also, made between the solution of cylindrical shock and spherical shock. It is found that the fluid density and fluid pressure become zero near the point or axis of symmetry in spherical or cylindrical symmetry, respectively, and therefore a vacuum is created near the point or axis of symmetry which is in tremendous conformity with the physical condition in laboratory to generate the shock wave.
Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter EAAT5 Improves Temporal Resolution in the Retina
Authors: Gehlen Jana , Aretzweiler Christoph , Mataruga Anja , Fahlke Christoph , Müller Frank
Published: November 2021

Excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) remove glutamate from the synaptic cleft. In the retina, EAAT1 and EAAT2 are considered the major glutamate transporters. However, it has not yet been possible to determine how EAAT5 shapes the retinal light responses because of the lack of a selective EAAT5 blocker or EAAT5 knock-out (KO) animal model. In this study, EAAT5 was found to be expressed in a punctate manner close to release sites of glutamatergic synapses in the mouse retina. Light responses from retinae of wild-type (WT) and of a newly generated model with a targeted deletion of EAAT5 (EAAT5−/−) were recordedin vitrousing multielectrode arrays (MEAs). Flicker resolution was considerably lower in EAAT5−/−retinae than in WT retinae. The close proximity to the glutamate release site makes EAAT5 an ideal tool to improve temporal information processing in the retina by controlling information transfer at glutamatergic synapses.
Prediction of Learned Resistance or Helplessness by Hippocampal-Prefrontal Cortical Network Activity during Stress
Authors: Marques Danilo Benette , Ruggiero Rafael Naime , Bueno-Junior Lezio Soares , Rossignoli Matheus Teixeira , Leite João Pereira
Published: November 2021

The perception of control over a stressful experience may determine its impacts and generate resistance against future stressors. Although the medial prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) are implicated in the encoding of stressor controllability, the neural dynamics underlying this process are unknown. Here, we recorded HPC and PFC neural activities in male rats during the exposure to controllable, uncontrollable, or no shocks and investigated electrophysiological predictors of escape performance upon exposure to subsequent uncontrollable shocks. We were able to accurately discriminate stressed from nonstressed animals and predict resistant (R) or helpless (H) individuals based on hippocampal-cortical oscillatory dynamics. Remarkably, R animals exhibited an increase in theta power during CS, while H exhibited a decrease. Furthermore, R exhibited higher HPC to PFC θ synchronization during stress. Notably, HPC-PFC θ connectivity in the initial stress exposure showed strong correlations with escape performance evaluated days later. R rats also showed stronger θ coupling to both γ oscillations and neuronal firing in the PFC. Finally, we found that these distinct features of network dynamics collectively formed a pattern that accurately predicted learned resistance and was lacking in H individuals. Our findings suggest that hippocampal-prefrontal network θ activity supports cognitive mechanisms of stress coping, whose impairment may underlie vulnerability to stress-related disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe appraisal of adversities as controllable or uncontrollable is key in determining resilience or risk for stress-related disorders. Here, we performed the first electrophysiological investigation during controllable or uncontrollable stress. Pharmacological studies showed that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus (HPC) encode stressor controllability, and here we identified the neural activity underlying this process. This “neural signature of stressor controllability” accurately predicted resistance to future stressors and was characterized by increased HPC-PFC oscillatory activity in the θ frequency (4–10 Hz). Our findings suggest a new role of frontal θ oscillations in adaptive stress coping, integrating its emotional and cognitive functions. We also endorse the potential of this biomarker to guide neurophysiologically-informed and rhythm-based stimulation therapies for depression.
Gli1 Regulates the Postnatal Acquisition of Peripheral Nerve Architecture
Authors: Zotter Brendan , Dagan Or , Brady Jacob , Baloui Hasna , Samanta Jayshree , Salzer James L.
Published: November 2021

Peripheral nerves are organized into discrete compartments. Axons, Schwann cells (SCs), and endoneurial fibroblasts (EFs) reside within the endoneurium and are surrounded by the perineurium, a cellular sheath comprised of layers of perineurial glia (PNG). SC secretion of Desert Hedgehog (Dhh) regulates this organization. In Dhh nulls, the perineurium is deficient and the endoneurium is subdivided into small compartments termed minifascicles. Human Dhh mutations cause a neuropathy with similar defects. Here we examine the role of Gli1, a canonical transcriptional effector of hedgehog signaling, in regulating peripheral nerve organization in mice of both genders. We identify PNG, EFs, and pericytes as Gli1-expressing cells by genetic fate mapping. Although expression of Dhh by SCs and Gli1 in target cells is coordinately regulated with myelination, Gli1 expression unexpectedly persists in Dhh null EFs. Thus, Gli1 is expressed in EFs noncanonically (i.e., independent of hedgehog signaling). Gli1 and Dhh also have nonredundant activities. Unlike Dhh nulls, Gli1 nulls have a normal perineurium. Like Dhh nulls, Gli1 nulls form minifascicles, which we show likely arise from EFs. Thus, Dhh and Gli1 are independent signals: Gli1 is dispensable for perineurial development but functions cooperatively with Dhh to drive normal endoneurial development. During development, Gli1 also regulates endoneurial extracellular matrix production, nerve vascular organization, and has modest, nonautonomous effects on SC sorting and myelination of axons. Finally, in adult nerves, induced deletion of Gli1 is sufficient to drive minifascicle formation. Thus, Gli1 regulates the development and is required to maintain the endoneurial architecture of peripheral nerves.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPeripheral nerves are organized into distinct cellular/ECM compartments: the epineurium, perineurium, and endoneurium. This organization, with its associated cellular constituents, is critical for the structural and metabolic support of nerves and their response to injury. Here, we show that Gli1, a transcription factor normally expressed downstream of hedgehog signaling, is required for the proper organization of the endoneurium but not the perineurium. Unexpectedly, Gli1 expression by endoneurial cells is independent of, and functions nonredundantly with, Schwann Cell-derived Desert Hedgehog in regulating peripheral nerve architecture. These results further delineate how peripheral nerves acquire their distinctive organization during normal development, and highlight mechanisms that may regulate their reorganization in pathologic settings, including peripheral neuropathies and nerve injury.
Development of Circular Economy Concept: Historical Background
Authors: Maksymiv Yuliia , Yakubiv Valentyna , Hryhoruk Iryna , Kravtsiv Viktoriia
Published: November 2021

Nowadays, sharp economic growth has increasingly depended on utilizing different resources causing environmental issues and hindering sustainable development. Consequently, governments of developed countries, the public sector, representatives of business structures, and scientists look at the circular economy as a way to support achieving sustainable development goals.  The article aims at researching the historical background of the development of circular economy, analyzing the basic approaches and their possible usage for spreading this concept in developing countries, such as Ukraine. It is mentioned that the concept of circular economy cannot be traced back to a single author or date when it appeared. The concept of circular economy was inspired by several schools of thought with overlapping approaches, which demonstrates the relevance of distinguishing evolutionary phases and framings of a concept. The article presents a historical overview of the development of the concept of circular economy since the 1960s. The stages of adoption of regulations in the EU in the field of promoting the transition to a circular economy are highlighted, key milestones and key actions that actively began in 2015 and continue to this day, are described. This positive experience should be taken as a basis in developing countries, where the circular economy is in its infancy. The article also analyzes the highly cited scientific papers in the Scopus Scientometric Database and the basic definitions of the concept of "circular economy".  Our findings indicate that the circular economy necessitates a systemic shift in the state policy of Ukraine, as well as economic science, and it should be aimed at developing a clear strategy and improving basic regulations in this area to increase the social responsibility of both businesses and local communities. The growth of a circular economy will benefit everyone within the limits of this planet.
Development of Pedagogical Staff as an Integral Element of Forming a Positive Image
Authors: Boryshkevych Iryna
Published: November 2021

The formation of a positive image of the educational institution provides an increase in the efficiency of its activities and provides an opportunity to meet the needs of stakeholders. The main purpose of the image formation is also to increase competitive advantage, attract investment, establish and expand partnerships. The development of teaching staff is an integral part of forming a positive image of the educational institution, as employees are the main carriers of the brand. The career of educators is a complex multifaceted process, due to the unity of internal (subjective) and external (objective) factors. Internal factors include the living conditions of the future specialist, and external - the peculiarities of career growth (attitude to the profession and awareness of its importance). The desire for self-improvement and self-education are important drivers for the formation of successful careers of employees of educational institutions, ensuring the expansion of their creative potential, cognitive interests, and the formation of a creative personality. Based on the conducted research on building an effective strategy for the development of the employee of the educational institution, each teacher was asked to conduct their SWOT analysis, which allows identifying his/her strengths and weaknesses, as well as external opportunities and threats. The results of the SWOT analysis enable the employee of the educational institution to discover his / her existing potential and to be ready for possible changes in the external environment, which is changeable and fleeting. The strategy of career growth of the teacher is developed, which includes the following stages: conducting SWOT analysis; improvement of professionally important features and qualities; postgraduate education; passing advanced training courses; participation in various pedagogical forums, seminars, conferences, training; research of the advanced pedagogical experience, in particular concerning the use of innovative technologies; constant improvement of scientific and methodical work; forming your portfolio and, as a result, achieving a new level of career growth. Career development leads to a fundamentally new way of life of a teacher - creative self-realization in the profession, which allows identifying their individual and professional capabilities.
Paper fillers innovations: From design of particles to preparing filler composites
Authors: Song Shunxi , Wu Zeshi , Nie Jingyi
Published: November 2021

The increase of filler content in paper is an effective way to reduce production costs and to promote the market competitiveness of paper mills. A shift from natural fillers to synthetic fillers has enabled improvements in the critical properties of paper. Meanwhile, innovations from single particles of filler to filler composites has made it possible to increase the filler content of paper. Among various filler innovations, the design of fiber/filler composites has aroused general attention from industry and academic researchers. However, concerns related to the cost and recyclability of composite fillers remain to be addressed.
Selected properties of mahogany wood flour filled polypropylene composites: The effect of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP)
Authors: Çavuş Vedat
Published: November 2021

The aim of this study was to produce mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla) wood flour filled polypropylene (both recycled and virgin) composites and to determine the effects of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (MAPP) on the interfacial compatibility, density, and other mechanical properties of the resulting composites. Approximately 40 wt% of mahogany wood flour, and 60 wt% of polypropylene, 3 wt% of MAPP, 1.5 wt% of zinc stearate, and 1.5 wt% of wax were used during composite manufacturing. Test specimens were manufactured using extrusion and injection molding processes. The flexural, tensile, impact, and hardness properties of all specimens were determined. Scanning electron microscopy was used to study the morphology and interfacial compatibility of the filler in prepared composites. The test results showed that MAPP use and the filler rates affected the density and mechanical properties of test specimens.
Maximizing pulp output and quality through measurement of plate gap temperature in high-consistency refining
Authors: Fredrikson Antti , Paltakari Jouni
Published: November 2021

The largest mechanical pulp production units are high-consistency refiners. In the high-consistency refiners, in-situ measurements of pulp quality are rare. Temperature profile is one of the measurements that is industrially applicable to estimate pulp quality. It measures the steam temperature in the refining area – but how it can detect deteriorated pulp quality will be shown. This paper analyzed the high-consistency refiner plate temperature and its correlation to pulp quality in a 1.34 MW pilot-scale Sunds RGP-44 variable speed refiner in a variety of operating conditions and particularly at production rates close to maximum refiner capacity. The study showed that there was a narrow band of optimal refining conditions at the maximum refiner production level just before pulp quality drastically decreased. When the refiner was pushed above this optimal point of operation, the plate temperature rapidly increased above normal refining temperature, causing reduction of fiber length and consequently lower pulp strength and quality. Thus, refiner plate temperature measurement was found to be a quick way and an effective tool for preventing low-quality pulp production through overloading the refiner.