bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cross-connections of completely simple semigroups
Authors: Azeef Muhammed P. A. , Rajan A. R.
Published: December 2015

A completely simple semigroup [Formula: see text] is a semigroup without zero which has no proper ideals and contains a primitive idempotent. It is known that [Formula: see text] is a regular semigroup and any completely simple semigroup is isomorphic to the Rees matrix semigroup [Formula: see text] (cf. D. Rees, On semigroups, Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 36 (1940) 387–400). In the study of structure theory of regular semigroups, Nambooripad introduced the concept of normal categories to construct the semigroup from its principal left (right) ideals using cross-connections. A normal category [Formula: see text] is a small category with subobjects wherein each object of the category has an associated idempotent normal cone and each morphism admits a normal factorization. A cross-connection between two normal categories [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] is a local isomorphism [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the normal dual of the category [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we identify the normal categories associated with a completely simple semigroup [Formula: see text] and show that the semigroup of normal cones [Formula: see text] is isomorphic to a semi-direct product [Formula: see text]. We characterize the cross-connections in this case and show that each sandwich matrix [Formula: see text] correspond to a cross-connection. Further we use each of these cross-connections to give a representation of the completely simple semigroup as a cross-connection semigroup.
Generating Robot Gaze on the Basis of Participation Roles and Dominance Estimation in Multiparty Interaction
Authors: Nakano Yukiko I. , Yoshino Takashi , Yatsushiro Misato , Takase Yutaka
Published: December 2015

Gaze is an important nonverbal feedback signal in multiparty face-to-face conversations. It is well known that gaze behaviors differ depending on participation role: speaker, addressee, or side participant. In this study, we focus on dominance as another factor that affects gaze. First, we conducted an empirical study and analyzed its results that showed how gaze behaviors are affected by both dominance and participation roles. Then, using speech and gaze information that was statistically significant for distinguishing the more dominant and less dominant person in an empirical study, we established a regression-based model for estimating conversational dominance. On the basis of the model, we implemented a dominance estimation mechanism that processes online speech and head direction data. Then we applied our findings to human-robot interaction. To design robot gaze behaviors, we analyzed gaze transitions with respect to participation roles and dominance and implemented gaze-transition models as robot gaze behavior generation rules. Finally, we evaluated a humanoid robot that has dominance estimation functionality and determines its gaze based on the gaze models, and we found that dominant participants had a better impression of less dominant robot gaze behaviors. This suggests that a robot using our gaze models was preferred to a robot that was simply looking at the speaker. We have demonstrated the importance of considering dominance in human-robot multiparty interaction.
Set theory versus Neo-Riemannian Theory: Two interdependent approaches in the analysis of choros # 4 and # 7 of Villa-Lobos
Authors: Albuquerque Joel Miranda Bravo de , Salles Paulo De Tarso
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho propõe um paralelo simultâneo entre dois parâmetros distintos de análise musical os quais em o nosso estudo se mostraram interdependentes e necessários na construção de um arcabouço teórico suficiente para compreender de forma satisfatória o perfil estético composicional aplicado por Villa-Lobos no manuseio de classes de alturas em trechos de duas obras da década de 1920 aqui acolhidas: Choros nº4 e Choros nº7.
Pixinguinha in full maturity: The arrangements for a “Brazilian Orchestra”
Authors: Fontenele Ana Lúcia Ferreira
Published: December 2015

Atuando nos mais diversos campos da nossa música, Pixinguinha pode ser considerado como o músico e compositor brasileiro de maior destaque da música brasileira de caráter popular. Participou ativamente na fundação de gêneros musicais, principalmente o samba, e foi o maior divulgador do gênero choro, característico do final do século XIX. Atuou como arranjador de grandes intérpretes à época do surgimento da indústria do entretenimento, como também em grupos e pequenas orquestras de diversas formações, Nossa hipótese de trabalho tentará demonstrar que apesar de diálogos diversos com gêneros musicais variados, como por exemplo o jazz, o compositor nunca abandonou seu vínculo com a música popular urbana praticada desde o final do século XIX e início do século XX na cidade do Rio de Janeiro. Serão observados alguns aspectos que o motivaram, na fase madura da sua carreira, a realizar uma espécie de “resgate” de gêneros característicos do período citado. Isso se deu com o incentivo do cantor, Almirante, produtor e apresentador do programa radiofônico O Pessoal da Velha Guarda, no qual Pixinguinha atuou como arranjador, no período de 1947 a 1952.
“Compositores Latinoamericanos”: Uma alternativa genuína para subverter o tradicionalismo no campo da música clássica
Authors: Silva Eliana Monteiro da , Zani Amilcar
Published: December 2015

Este trabalho apresenta a genuína iniciativa da pianista Beatriz Balzi (1936-2001) para enriquecer o repertório pianístico do século XX com escolhas alternativas. Entre 1984 e 2000, a intérprete argentino- brasileira produziu uma série de sete CDs, exemplificando 13 países da América Latina através de 54 gravações por ela realizadas. Ciente do desconhecimento do público acerca desta música, então pouco divulgada pela mídia ocidental, Balzi adota uma postura pedagógica na organização de tais composições em seus CDs, como mostramos neste artigo.
Community of learners reflections on the development of creative thinking in music education processes
Authors: Fonterrada Marisa
Published: December 2015

Neste trabalho, pretende-se discutir o papel do fazer musical criativo na educação musical, tendo em vista reconhecer ações que possam contribuir para o desenvolvimento integral do ser humano e incentivar a aquisição da autonomia. Para isso, lança-se mão de dados colhidos em recente pesquisa nacional, desenvolvida pelo GEPEM – Grupo de Estudo e Pesquisa em Educação Musical, no Instituto de Artes da UNESP – com suporte da FAPESP. O trabalho apoia-se em ideias de Murray Schafer, John Paynter e Chefa Alonso. Defende-se a importância de trabalhos que incentivam o pensar musical, associado à vivência da cultura em que o grupo está inserido. A questão do desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo tem pertinência nos dias atuais, pelas possibilidades que traz às instituições de ensino brasileiras, neste momento histórico em que, por força de Lei federal, a música torna-se componente obrigatório na educação básica. Após um lapso de mais de 40 anos e em uma época em que o mundo tem passado por profundas modificações, é necessário buscar alternativas que proporcionem ferramentas adequadas às instituições e pessoas responsáveis pela educação básica. Compreender o ensino de música como uma atividade coletiva, de caráter comunitário pode ser uma maneira interessante e, talvez, única, de dividir a responsabilidade do ensino e da aprendizagem entre os membros do grupo – a comunidade de aprendizes, que dá título a este trabalho. Esta reflexão trata de propostas que se inserem numa visão de mundo de caráter ecológico, em que a competitividade e a valorização intensa do caráter tecnicista do ensino de música cedem lugar ao respeito mútuo, ao trabalho em grupo, à divisão de responsabilidades e ao desenvolvimento integral do ser humano.
From Gramophone to live streaming: the evolution of the modes of listening to music - some implications
Authors: Silva Rafael Alexandre da
Published: December 2015

Ouvir música sempre foi, desde os primórdios da humanidade, uma atividade essencialmente coletiva; indivíduos que ocupam um mesmo ambiente onde se tenha música sendo executada compartilham dessa experiência essencialmente acústica que é a arte musical. Com o advento dos meios de gravação e reprodução fonográfica, como o gramofone, a figura do intérprete foi virtualizada, uma vez que a presença real, ao vivo, de alguém tocando era dispensável devido á possibilidade de se ouvirem os sons previamente gravados através de um aparelho que capaz de reproduzi-los. A tecnologia foi avançando e, com o advento do chip, os aparelhos começaram a se tornar cada vez mais portáteis, até que na década de 1970, quando no Japão foi inventado o walkman, o modo de se ouvir música coletivamente se espalhou pelo mundo em escala industrial. Hoje em dia, com o acesso à internet, a circulação de informações muito mais veloz e aparelhos capazes de armazenar muito mais informação num pequeno espaço, ouvir música individualmente se tornou um hábito. Sendo assim, considerar, do ponto de vista pedagógico, esse acesso facilitado à música em qualquer lugar deve servir de base para a escolha de saberes, conteúdos e abordagens pedagógicas, numa proposta de educação musical em ambiente formal, uma vez que, para que haja um processo de ensino-aprendizagem significativo, é necessário dialogar com aqueles saberes prévios que o educando já traz consigo no dia a dia, de modo que ele desenvolva senso crítico em relação ao próprio gosto, numa vivência musical ampliada e enriquecida.
Violão “erudito” e “popular” como marcadores sociais da diferença - Por uma história das suas apropriações pedagógicas e estéticas
Authors: Llanos Fernando Elías
Published: December 2015

O presente artigo propõe analisar as tensões entre a comunicação musical — entendida como dispositivo aglutinador e mediador de trocas simbólicas (SEINCMAN, 2008) — e as apropriações da cultura (popular e erudita) que, desde o cenário das práticas pedagógicas e das linguagens estéticas musicais vem definindo a práxis e o corpus teórico do ensino — nos níveis profissionalizante e superior — do violão.
Association of Exhaled Carbon Monoxide With Stroke Incidence and Subclinical Vascular Brain Injury
Authors: Nayor Matthew , Enserro Danielle M. , Beiser Alexa S. , Cheng Susan , DeCarli Charles , Vasan Ramachandran S. , Seshadri Sudha
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—

Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) is associated with cardiometabolic traits, subclinical atherosclerosis, and cardiovascular disease, but its specific relations with stroke are unexplored. We related exhaled CO to magnetic resonance imaging measures of subclinical cerebrovascular disease cross-sectionally and to incident stroke/transient ischemic attack prospectively in the Framingham Offspring study.

Methods—

We measured exhaled CO in 3313 participants (age 59±10 years; 53% women), and brain magnetic resonance imaging was available in 1982 individuals (age 58±10 years; 54% women). Participants were analyzed according to tertiles of exhaled CO concentration.

Results—

In age- and sex-adjusted models, the highest tertile of exhaled CO was associated with lower total cerebral brain volumes, higher white-matter hyperintensity volumes, and greater prevalence of silent cerebral infarcts (
P
<0.05 for all). The results for total cerebral brain volume and white-matter hyperintensity volume were consistent after removing smokers from the sample, and the association with white-matter hyperintensity volume persisted after multivariable adjustment (
P
=0.04). In prospective analyses (mean follow-up 12.9 years), higher exhaled CO was associated with 67% (second tertile) and 97% (top tertile) increased incidence of stroke/transient ischemic attack relative to the first tertile that served as referent (
P
<0.01 for both). These results were consistent in nonsmokers and were partially attenuated upon adjustment for vascular risk factors.

Conclusions—

In this large, community-based sample of individuals without clinical stroke/transient ischemic attack at baseline, higher exhaled CO was associated with a greater burden of subclinical cerebrovascular disease cross-sectionally and with increased risk of stroke/transient ischemic attack prospectively. Further investigation is necessary to explore the biological mechanisms linking elevated CO with stroke.
Perihematomal Edema Is Greater in the Presence of a Spot Sign but Does Not Predict Intracerebral Hematoma Expansion
Authors: Rodriguez-Luna David , Stewart Teri , Dowlatshahi Dar , Kosior Jayme C. , Aviv Richard I. , Molina Carlos A. , Silva Yolanda , Dzialowski Imanuel , Lum Cheemun , Czlonkowska Anna , Boulanger Jean-Martin , Kase Carlos S. , Gubitz Gord , Bhatia Rohit , Padma Vasantha , Roy Jayanta , Subramaniam Suresh , Hill Michael D. , Demchuk Andrew M. ,   for the PREDICT/Sunnybrook ICH CTA Study Group
Published: December 2015

Background and Purpose—

Perihematomal edema volume may be related to intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) volume at baseline and, consequently, with hematoma expansion. However, the relationship between perihematomal edema and hematoma expansion has not been well established. We aimed to investigate the relationship among baseline perihematomal edema, the computed tomographic angiography spot sign, hematoma expansion, and clinical outcome in patients with acute ICH.

Methods—

Predicting Hematoma Growth and Outcome in Intracerebral Hemorrhage Using Contrast Bolus CT (PREDICT) was a prospective observational cohort study of ICH patients presenting within 6 hours from onset. Patients underwent computed tomography and computed tomographic angiography scans at baseline and 24-hour computed tomography scan. A post hoc analysis of absolute perihematomal edema and relative perihematomal edema (absolute perihematomal edema divided by ICH) volumes was performed on baseline computed tomography scans (n=353). Primary outcome was significant hematoma expansion (>6 mL or >33%). Secondary outcomes were early neurological deterioration, 90-day mortality, and poor outcome.

Results—

Absolute perihematomal edema volume was higher in spot sign patients (24.5 [11.5–41.8] versus 12.6 [6.9–22] mL;
P
<0.001), but it was strongly correlated with ICH volume (
ρ
=0.905;
P
<0.001). Patients who experienced significant hematoma expansion had higher absolute perihematomal edema volume (18.4 [10–34.6] versus 11.8 [6.5–22] mL;
P
<0.001) but similar relative perihematomal edema volume (1.09 [0.89–1.37] versus 1.12 [0.88–1.54];
P
=0.400). Absolute perihematomal edema volume and poorer outcomes were higher by tertiles of ICH volume, and perihematomal edema volume did not independently predict significant hematoma expansion.

Conclusions—

Perihematomal edema volume is greater at baseline in the presence of a spot sign. However, it is strongly correlated with ICH volume and does not independently predict hematoma expansion.
Cortical Thickness in Fusiform Face Area Predicts Face and Object Recognition Performance
Authors: McGugin Rankin W. , Van Gulick Ana E. , Gauthier Isabel
Published: December 2015

The fusiform face area (FFA) is defined by its selectivity for faces. Several studies have shown that the response of FFA to nonface objects can predict behavioral performance for these objects. However, one possible account is that experts pay more attention to objects in their domain of expertise, driving signals up. Here, we show an effect of expertise with nonface objects in FFA that cannot be explained by differential attention to objects of expertise. We explore the relationship between cortical thickness of FFA and face and object recognition using the Cambridge Face Memory Test and Vanderbilt Expertise Test, respectively. We measured cortical thickness in functionally defined regions in a group of men who evidenced functional expertise effects for cars in FFA. Performance with faces and objects together accounted for approximately 40% of the variance in cortical thickness of several FFA patches. Whereas participants with a thicker FFA cortex performed better with vehicles, those with a thinner FFA cortex performed better with faces and living objects. The results point to a domain-general role of FFA in object perception and reveal an interesting double dissociation that does not contrast faces and objects but rather living and nonliving objects.
Withholding a Reward-driven Action: Studies of the Rise and Fall of Motor Activation and the Effect of Cognitive Depletion
Authors: Freeman Scott M. , Aron Adam R.
Published: December 2015

Controlling an inappropriate response tendency in the face of a reward-predicting stimulus likely depends on the strength of the reward-driven activation, the strength of a putative top–down control process, and their relative timing. We developed a rewarded go/no-go paradigm to investigate such dynamics. Participants made rapid responses (on go trials) to high versus low reward-predicting stimuli and sometimes had to withhold responding (on no-go trials) in the face of the same stimuli. Behaviorally, for high versus low reward stimuli, responses were faster on go trials, and there were more errors of commission on no-go trials. We used single-pulse TMS to map out the corticospinal excitability dynamics, especially on no-go trials where control is needed. For successful no-go trials, there was an early rise in motor activation that was then sharply reduced beneath baseline. This activation–reduction pattern was more pronounced for high- versus low-reward trials and in individuals with greater motivational drive for reward. A follow-on experiment showed that, when participants were fatigued by an effortful task, they made more errors on no-go trials for high versus low reward stimuli. Together, these studies show that, when a response is inappropriate, reward-predicting stimuli induce early motor activation, followed by a top–down effortful control process (which we interpret as response suppression) that depends on the strength of the preceding activation. Our findings provide novel information about the activation–suppression dynamics during control over reward-driven actions, and they illustrate how fatigue or depletion leads to control failures in the face of reward.
Reinstatement of Quercus tungmaiensis Y.T. Chang (Fagaceae) and supplementation of its anatomic features
Authors: Deng Min , COOMBES Allen , Li Qiansheng
Published: December 2015

Leaf architecture and epidermis features are useful to reveal the taxonomic identities of species in Quercus s.l.. For many years different opinions have existed on the taxonomic status of Quercus tungmaiensis, either as a synonym of Q. lanata or as an independent species. In this study, we compared the leaf epidermal features, leaf architecture and other morphological features of Q. tungmaiensis and Q. lanata. Our results revealed that the dense persistent stellate trichomes with a compound trichome base, uniseriate trichomes on the abaxial leaf surface, blunt-tipped teeth and well developed areoles formed by the 5° veins, in Q. lanata were different to the glabrous abaxial leaf surface, spine-tipped teeth and areoles formed by the 4° veins of Q. tungmaiensis. Therefore, the name Q. tungmaiensis should be reinstated. Its systematic placement in section Ilex was further discussed. A key to Q. tungmaiensis and other common evergreen oaks of section Ilex in East Asia was provided.
A new species of Muraenichthys (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from the Indo-Pacific, with revised generic diagnosis
Authors: HIBINO YUSUKE , KIMURA SEISHI
Published: December 2015

A new worm eel (Ophichthidae, Myrophinae), Muraenichthys velinasalis, is described based on five specimens (97.9–281.0 mm of total length) collected from Taiwan, Philippines, northeastern Australia, Vanuatu, and Sri Lanka. Muranichthys velinasalis is most similar to M. philippinensis and M. schultzei in the position of the dorsal-fin origin behind a vertical through mid-anus, but can be easily distinguished from the latter two species by the condition of the posterior nostril, unique character of M. velinasalis within Muraenichthys, and by the shape of the teeth on the innermost row of the upper jaw (relatively robust and slightly pointed vs. slender and pointed), arrangement of upper-jaw teeth (irregularly biserial anteriorly and uniserial posteriorly vs. completely uniserial in M. philippinensis, biserial or triserial in M. schultzei), and its more numerous or fewer preanal and total vertebrae (44–51 vs. 59–60 in M. philippinensis, 42–47 in M. schultzei; 136–139 vs. 128–130 in M. philippinensis, 119–128 in M. schultzei). The genus Muraenichthys is re-defined based on all currently valid species by the following combination of characters: eyes located anterior to mid-jaw; inner hole of posterior nostril above upper lip, and outer hole usually outside of mouth, with a prominent but short projected flap anteriorly; a single pore between anterior and posterior nostrils; three preopercular pores; teeth on jaws, vomer, and intermaxillary area; tooth shape variable, blunt to pointed but not distinctly recurved and tooth length equal or less than a half of eye diameter; teeth on jaws and vomer arranged in one to five rows; gill opening constricted, its height<170% of eye diameter; pectoral fins absent.
The eels of the genus Nettenchelys, with description of a new species from Taiwan (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Nettastomatidae)
Authors: SMITH DAVID G. , LIN JAMES , CHEN HONG-MING , POGONOSKI JOHN J.
Published: December 2015

The species of the genus Nettenchelys are summarized. Nine species are recognized on the basis of adult specimens: Nettenchelys dionisi Brito, N. erroriensis Karmovskaya, N. exoria Böhlke & Smith, N. gephyra Castle & Smith, N. inion Smith & Böhlke, N. paxtoni Karmovskaya, N. proxima new species, N. pygmaea Smith & Böhlke, and N. taylori Alcock. Another species, N. bellottii (D’Ancona) is based on a larva. Nettenchelys gephyra is redescribed on the basis of additional specimens from northeastern Taiwan, Indonesia and Australia. Nettenchelys proxima new species is described from a specimen from southwestern Taiwan. Nettenchelys sp. reported by Uyeno & Sasaki (1983) is found to be a specimen of Facciolella. Information on larvae is updated based on new knowledge of the genus.
Saurenchelys gigas sp. nov., a new nettastomatid eel (Teleostei, Anguilliformes, Nettastomatidae) from the western central Pacific
Authors: Lin JAMES , Smith David G. , Shao Kwang-Tsao , Chen Hong-Ming
Published: December 2015

Some large Saurenchelys specimens collected from Daxi, Yilan, NE Taiwan, and Da Nang, Vietnam, by bottom trawl at depths of 100–200 m, are described as Saurenchelys gigas new species. They differ from all known adult Saurenchelys species by predorsal length 40.9–46.8, head length 36.8–39.3in % of preanal length, 38–40 preanal vertebrae, 63–70 precaudal vertebrae, 38–42 preanal lateral-line pores, 56–63 preanal dorsal fin rays, and larger size (the maximum size 1155 mm TL).
Annotated checklist of eels (orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes) from Taiwan
Authors: HO HSUAN-CHING , SMITH David G. , McCOSKER JOHN E. , HIBINO YUSUKE , LOH KAR-HOE , TIGHE KENNETH A. , SHAO KWANG-TSAO
Published: December 2015

An annotated checklist of eels, orders Anguilliformes and Saccopharyngiformes, occurring in Taiwanese waters is presented. The checklist is the result of a series of systematic studies conducted by the authors in the past few years. The eel fauna of Taiwan is one of the richest in the world with a total of 206 species in 74 genera and 13 families in Anguilliformes and a single species in Saccopharyngiformes. The most species-rich families are the Muraenidae with 71 species, followed by the Ophichthidae with 60 species, the Congridae with 29 species, and the Synaphobranchidae with 17 species. Moreover, three genera and 42 species have been described based on at least one type specimen collected from Taiwan. Of these, 36 species are recognized as valid and 23 species are known only from Taiwanese waters at present. Historical records of all Taiwanese eel species are reviewed by examining the original descriptions and figures, vouchers, as well as the recently collected specimens, where available. This represents the first detailed checklist of eels from Taiwanese waters.
A new genus and species of worm eels, Sympenchelys taiwanensis (Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae: Myrophinae), from the northwestern Pacific Ocean
Authors: HIBINO YUSUKE , HO HSUAN-CHING , KIMURA SEISHI
Published: December 2015

A new genus and species of ophichthid eel, Sympenchelys taiwanensis is described. The genus is distinguishable from all other myrophine genera by having neural and haemal spines with well-developed paddle-like tips, and from two closely similar genera, Mureaenichthys Bleeker 1853 and Skythrenchelys Castle & McCosker 1999, by the following combination of characters: an unconstricted gill opening; a minute flap just posterior to the gill opening; a slender cleithrum; three preopercular pores; a slender and distinctly tapered maxilla; an undeveloped supraoccipital crest; and large and recurved teeth on jaws and vomer. Sympenchelys taiwanensis is described from five specimens collected from Taiwan, the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
Investigating the Distribution of Chemical Forms of Sulfur in Prostate Cancer Tissue Using X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Czapla-Masztafiak Joanna , Okoń Krzysztof , Gałka Marek , Huthwelker Thomas , Kwiatek Wojciech M.
Published: December 2015

The use of synchrotron radiation may shed more light on the study of prostate cancer, one of the leading diseases among men. In the presented study the microbeam setup at the PSI Swiss Light Source combined with fluorescence detected X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) was applied to determine two-dimensional (2D) imaging of distributions of various chemical sulfur forms in prostate cancer tissue sections, since sulfur is considered important and essential in cancer progression. The research focused on prostate tissues obtained during routine prostatectomies on patients suffering from prostate cancer.

Our previous studies using μ-XAS point measurements on prostate cancer cell lines showed the differences in fractions of various forms of sulfur between cancerous and non-cancerous cells. Therefore, in this experiment the chosen areas of prostate cancer tissues were scanned to get the full picture of the chemical composition of tissue, which is highly heterogeneous. The incident X-ray beams of energies tuned to spectroscopic features of the near-edge region of sulfur K-edge absorption spectra were used to provide contrast between chemical species presented in the tissue. Next, the relative content of the three main sulfur forms, found in biological systems, was calculated and the results are presented in a form of 2D color maps. These maps are correlated with the microscopic histological image of the scanned area.

The main findings show that sulfur occurs in prostate tissue mainly in reduced form. The oxidized form of sulfur is present mostly in prostatic stroma, while sulfur in intermediate oxidation state is present in trace amount.
Selective and Sensitive Chemiluminescence Determination of MCPB: Flow Injection and Liquid Chromatography
Authors: Meseguer-Lloret Susana , Torres-Cartas Sagrario , Catalá-Icardo Mónica , Gómez-Benito Carmen
Published: December 2015

Two new chemiluminescence (CL) methods are described for the determination of the herbicide 4-(4-chloro-o-tolyloxy) butyric acid (MCPB). First, a flow injection chemiluminescence (FI-CL) method is proposed. In this method, MCPB is photodegraded with an ultraviolet (UV) lamp and the photoproducts formed provide a great CL signal when they react with ferricyanide in basic medium. Second, a high-performance liquid chromatography chemiluminescence (HPLC-CL) method is proposed. In this method, before the photodegradation and CL reaction, the MCPB and other phenoxyacid herbicides are separated in a C18 column. The experimental conditions for the FI-CL and HPLC-CL methods are optimized. Both methods present good sensitivity, the detection limits being 0.12 µg L−1 and 0.1 µg L−1 (for FI-CL and HPLC-CL, respectively) when solid phase extraction (SPE) is applied. Intra- and interday relative standard deviations are below 9.9%. The methods have been satisfactorily applied to the analysis of natural water samples. FI-CL method can be employed for the determination of MCPB in simple water samples and for the screening of complex water samples in a fast, economic, and simple way. The HPLC-CL method is more selective, and allows samples that have not been resolved with the FI-CL method to be solved.
Selective COX-2 Inhibitors Significantly Reduce the Occurrence of Heterotopic Ossification After Hip Arthroscopic Surgery
Authors: Rath Ehud , Warschawski Yaniv , Maman Eran , Dolkart Oleg , Sharfman Zachary T. , Salai Moshe , Amar Eyal
Published: December 2015

Background:

Heterotopic ossification (HO) after hip arthroscopic surgery is a common complication and may be associated with clinical sequelae such as pain, impingement, and decreased range of motion. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used medications for reducing or preventing HO.

Hypothesis/Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of short-term selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors used for HO prophylaxis after hip arthroscopic surgery. The hypothesis was that postoperative HO prophylaxis with 600 mg etodolac once daily for 2 weeks would significantly reduce the incidence of HO after hip arthroscopic surgery when compared with no prophylaxis.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Between July 2010 and April 2014, a total of 263 consecutive patients underwent hip arthroscopic surgery, performed by a single surgeon, for various pathological abnormalities at 1 medical center. The initial 163 patients received no postoperative NSAID prophylaxis for HO, and the subsequent 100 patients received 600 mg etodolac once daily for 2 weeks postoperatively. Prophylaxis compliance data, gastrointestinal side effects, and postoperative radiographs for HO were monitored.

Results:

A total of 100 control patients and 63 study patients met the inclusion criteria. The mean follow-up period was 12.88 months. No significant differences were observed in terms of age, sex, follow-up, or procedures performed. No gastrointestinal bleeding was observed. Radiographic findings of HO were present in 36 of 100 control patients with 17, 15, and 4 classified as having Brooker grades 1, 2, and 3, respectively. No patients in the study group presented with HO, and a significant difference in the HO rate between groups was observed ( P < .0001).

Conclusion:

HO after hip arthroscopic surgery is a relatively common complication, with a rate of 19% for Brooker grade ≥2 in the patients who did not receive NSAID prophylaxis. No HO was found in the patients who received short-term COX-2 inhibitor prophylaxis. The short-term administration of 600 mg etodolac once daily for 2 weeks was found to be safe and effective in preventing HO in patients undergoing hip arthroscopic surgery. HO prophylaxis protocols based on short-term etodolac treatment may be considered after hip arthroscopic surgery.
Recurrent venous thromboembolism and abnormal uterine bleeding with anticoagulant and hormone therapy use
Authors: Martinelli Ida , Lensing Anthonie W. A. , Middeldorp Saskia , Levi Marcel , Beyer-Westendorf Jan , van Bellen Bonno , Bounameaux Henri , Brighton Timothy A. , Cohen Alexander T. , Trajanovic Mila , Gebel Martin , Lam Phuong , Wells Philip S. , Prins Martin H.
Published: December 2015

Key Points

Estrogen-containing or progestin-only hormonal therapy is not associated with increased recurrent VTE risk in women on anticoagulant therapy. Abnormal uterine bleeding occurred more frequently with rivaroxaban than with enoxaparin/VKAs.
Scented grasses in Norway—identity and uses
Authors: Alm Torbjørn
Published: December 2015

Background

Some grass species are richer in coumarin and thus more sweetly scented than others. These have been eagerly sought after in parts of Norway, but the tradition has been weakly documented, both in terms of the species collected, their vernacular names, and uses.

Methods

Based on literature data and a substantial body of information collected during my own ethnobotanical field work, artefacts and voucher specimens, the grass species are identified, and their uses clarified.

Results

In Norwegian literature, the tradition of collecting and using scented grasses has received little attention, and past authors largely refer it toAnthoxanthumspp. The tradition’s concentration to the Sámi strongholds of northernmost Norway, and most authors’ lacking knowledge of the Sámi language, have contributed to the weak and misleading coverage in previous publications. Coumarin-rich grass species are well known in folk tradition in northernmost Norway, asluktegress(Norwegian, “scent grass”),háissasuoidni(North Sámi, “scent grass”),hajuheinä(Finnish, “scent grass”), or similar terms. They have been (and still are) frequently collected, and used as perfume, for storing with clothes, and a number of other purposes. Despite literature records identifying the species used asAnthoxanthum odoratumcoll. (includingA. nipponicum),the main source utilized in North Norway isHierochloë odorata, both ssp.arcticaand ssp.odorata. Anthoxanthum nipponicumandMilium effusumare alternative, but infrequently used sources of material, depending on local tradition and availability.

Conclusion

By far the most important grass species hiding behind the “scented grass” tradition in Norway isHierochloë odorata. Anthoxanthum nipponicumis also used, but much less frequently, and only a single record confirms the use ofMilium effusum. Only the foliage ofHierochloëprovides suitable material for making traditional braids. The three major ethnic groups in Norway have all utilized scented grasses as perfume and for storing with clothes, but the tradition’s geographical concentration to the far north of Norway (Finnmark and NE Troms), suggests that it has originally mainly been a Sámi tradition, adopted by their neighbours.
Mitochondrial function in skeletal muscle of patients with protracted critical illness and ICU-acquired weakness
Authors: Jiroutková Kateřina , Krajčová Adéla , Ziak Jakub , Fric Michal , Waldauf Petr , Džupa Valér , Gojda Jan , Němcova-Fürstová Vlasta , Kovář Jan , Elkalaf Moustafa , Trnka Jan , Duška František
Published: December 2015

Background

Mitochondrial damage occurs in the acute phase of critical illness, followed by activation of mitochondrial biogenesis in survivors. It has been hypothesized that bioenergetics failure of skeletal muscle may contribute to the development of ICU-acquired weakness. The aim of the present study was to determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction persists until protracted phase of critical illness.

Methods

In this single-centre controlled-cohort ex vivo proof-of-concept pilot study, we obtained vastus lateralis biopsies from ventilated patients with ICU-acquired weakness (n = 8) and from age and sex-matched metabolically healthy controls (n = 8). Mitochondrial functional indices were measured in cytosolic context by high-resolution respirometry in tissue homogenates, activities of respiratory complexes by spectrophotometry and individual functional capacities were correlated with concentrations of electron transport chain key subunits from respiratory complexes II, III, IV and V measured by western blot.

Results

The ability of aerobic ATP synthesis (OXPHOS) was reduced to ~54 % in ICU patients (p<0.01), in correlation with the depletion of complexes III (~38 % of control, p = 0.02) and IV (~26 % of controls, p<0.01) and without signs of mitochondrial uncoupling. When mitochondrial functional indices were adjusted to citrate synthase activity, OXPHOS and the activity of complexes I and IV were not different, whilst the activities of complexes II and III were increased in ICU patients 3-fold (p<0.01) respectively 2-fold (p<0.01).

Conclusions

Compared to healthy controls, in ICU patients we have demonstrated a ~50 % reduction of the ability of skeletal muscle to synthetize ATP in mitochondria. We found a depletion of complex III and IV concentrations and relative increases in functional capacities of complex II and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase/complex III.
Best proximity point results in partially ordered metric spaces via simulation functions
Authors: Samet Bessem
Published: December 2015

We obtain sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of best proximity points for a new class of non-self mappings involving simulation functions in a metric space endowed with a partial order. Some interesting consequences including fixed point results via simulation functions are presented.
Towards an understanding of contextual features that influence the linguistic formality of British Sign Language users
Authors: Rudge Luke A.
Published: December 2015

This paper seeks to understand linguistic formality through the identification and measurement of contextual features. Using an adapted sociometric methodology to combine systemic functional linguistics and sign linguistics, a survey identifies the elements of context that have an effect upon the level of linguistic formality employed by British Sign Language users. The responses of 51 participants are analysed in order to ascertain (i) the level of linguistic formality that would be employed in certain communicative scenarios, and (ii) the contextual features of these scenarios that have an influence on linguistic formality. The results obtained from this study posit that there is an overall agreement shared between British Sign Language users when choosing levels of linguistic formality based on broad contextual description alone. The people involved in the communication and their interpersonal relationships tend to be the biggest influence on the level of formality employed, whereas the topic of the interaction appears to show no significant influence upon linguistic formality on its own. This work contributes further evidence to the importance of studying language within communicative contexts and the importance of formality as an influential factor in linguistic production. It is hoped that this will encourage future studies to derive linguistic data of British Sign Language users, or indeed users of other sign languages, to corroborate these findings.
Synthesis and Characterization of Anaerobic Degradation Biomarkers of n-Alkanes via Hydroxylation/Carboxylation Pathways
Authors: Zhou Jing , Bian Xin-Yu , Zhou Lei , Mbadinga Serge Maurice , Yang Shi-Zhong , Liu Jin-Feng , Gu Ji-Dong , Mu Bo-Zhong
Published: December 2015

Metabolite profiling is a powerful method in research on anaerobic biodegradation of hydrocarbons. Hydroxylation and carboxylation are proposed pathways in anaerobic degradation but very little direct evidence is available about metabolites and signature biomarkers. 2-Acetylalkanoic acid is a potential signature metabolite because of its unique and specific structure among possible intermediates. A procedure for the synthesis of four homologues with various carbon chain lengths was proposed and the characteristics of 2-acetyl–alkanoic acid esters were investigated using four derivatization processes, namely methyl, ethyl, n-butyl and trimethylsilyl esterification. Four intermediate fragments observed were at m/z 73 + 14 n, 87 + 14 n, 102 + 14 n ( n = 1, 2 and 4 for methyl, ethyl and n-butyl ester, respectively) and [M − 42]+ for three of the derivatization methods. For silylation, characteristic ions were observed at m/z 73, 117, [M − 42]+ and [M − 55]+. These are basic and significant data for the future identification of potential intermediates of the hydroxylation and carboxylation pathways in hydrocarbon degradation.
Real Rigidity, Nominal Rigidity, and the Social Value of Information
Authors: Angeletos George-Marios , Iovino Luigi , La'O Jennifer
Published: December 2015

Does welfare improve when firms are better informed about the state of the economy and can thus better coordinate their production and pricing decisions? We address this question in an elementary business-cycle model that highlights how the dispersion of information can impede both kinds of decisions and, in this sense, be the source of both real and nominal rigidity. Within this context we develop a taxonomy for how the social value of information depends on the two rigidities, on the sources of the business cycle, and on the conduct of monetary policy. (JEL D21, D82, D83, E32, E52)
Evidence of polygenic selection on human stature inferred from spatial distribution of allele frequencies
Authors: Piffer Davide
Published: December 2015

Spatial patterns of allele frequencies reveal a clear signal of natural (or sexual) selection on human height. The average frequency of all hits (N=693) and the top significant 66 common genetic variants (pruned for linkage disequilibrium) for 26 populations belonging to 5 sub-continental human groups was significantly correlated to average phenotypic population height. The method of correlated vectors provided additional evidence for a signal of natural selection in SNPs with higher significance. Factor analysis of the five top genome-wide association study (GWAS) hits revealed a clear factor indicating selection pressures on human height, peaking among northern Europeans and some African groups (Esan Nigeria) whilst reaching a nadir among South-East Asians.
New tools for a new age: An evolution or revolution in higher education?
Authors: Gleadow Roslyn , Honeydew Melissa , Ford Allie , Isaac Bronwyn , Abbott Kirsti
Published: December 2015

In this paper we describe how digital technologies can be used to enhance collaboration and student engagement in a large, multicampus undergraduate science unit. Four innovations developed and implemented over a period of eight years are described: use of electronic whiteboards, on-line discussion forums, social media and blogs. In showing the intermediate steps in the evolution of the use of digital and communication technologies, we demonstrate that to be effective, good educational principles are paramount.
Description of a Neotropical New Species of OxysarcodexiaTownsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)
Authors: Souza Carina Mara de , Paseto Maria Lígia
Published: December 2015

Abstract. A new species of Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) from Brazil is described based on male specimens. This is a mainly Neotropical genus of flesh flies, with few species also present in Nearctic, Australasian and Oceanian Regions. Its species have been associated with decomposing organic matter (feces of mammals or birds – dung-breeders species) and have potential forensic importance when associated with carcasses (attracted fauna and, in some cases, true carrion-breeding species). Digital photographs of the habitus in lateral view and of the terminalia in lateral, posterior and ventral views are provided. Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n. is close-related to “Xarcophaga species-group” (i.e. with a postero-distal phallic enlargement) and is similar to Oxysarcodexia favorabilis (Lopes, 1935) due to the conformation of the terminalia, especially the phallus flower-like shaped.Descrição de Uma Nova Espécie Neotropical de Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae)Resumo. Uma nova espécie de Oxysarcodexia Townsend, 1917 (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) é descrita com base em espécimes machos. As espécies deste gênero de sarcofagídeos apresentam distribuição majoritariamente Neotropical, com algumas espécies ocorrendo também nas regiões Neártica, Australásia e Oceânica. As espécies deste gênero podem ser encontradas associadas à matéria orgânica em decomposição (fezes de mamíferos ou aves – espécies coprófilas) e podem apresentar importância forense quando associadas a carcaças (fauna atraída e, em alguns casos, espécies que se criam). Fotografias digitais do hábito em vista lateral e da terminália em vistas lateral, posterior e ventral são apresentadas. Oxysarcodexia mineirensis sp. n. pertence ao “grupo Xarcophaga” (i.e. possui o falo alargado postero-distalmente) e contém similaridades com Oxysarcodexia favorabilis (Lopes, 1935) devido à conformação da terminália, especialmente o formato do falo, semelhante a uma flor.
Ubirajara Ribeiro Martins de Souza (1932 - 2015)
Authors: Galileo Maria Helena Mainieri
Published: December 2015

Recebi um convite do corpo Editorial da Revista EntomoBrasilis, através do Prof. Ricardo Andreazze, para compartilhar de uma "homenagem ao nosso saudoso Ubirajara Ribeiro Martins por sua contribuição pela entomologia brasileira e na formação de vários entomólogos".
Obstacles to emergency medical services system design and operational features
Authors: Williams David M
Published: December 2015

Objective:

There is a paucity of global research regarding emergency medical services (EMS) systems. EMS system processes and outcomes vary by model and jurisdiction. This study explores the individual, organisational, and system obstacles to 15 features of EMS systems.

Methods:

Using a multi-case study, five US EMS systems, representing five major design models, were studied. Data collection included: i) data metrics, ii) document review, iii) interviews, and iv) archival records.

Results:

EMS system performance and adoption of the 15 features varies. A total of 582 independent obstacles in 39 distinct categories were identified. The top obstacles included: cost/funding, measurement, process/outcome focus, systems view, public information/education, understanding productivity, training, will, data definitions, and culture/tradition.

Conclusions:

Variation in performance exists across EMS system provider models. Adoption of the 15 features studied was not universal. Reported obstacles are opportunities for further investigation and action.
Trade unions and worker movements in the North American communications industries
Authors: Vincent Mosco
Published: December 2015

This paper reports on a project that examines trends in North American labour movements, and specifically in the workforce, in the converging communications, culture, and information technology sectors. Drawing on documentary evidence and interviews, the paper concentrates on two important developments: efforts to unify workers across the knowledge and communication industries, and the rise of worker movements that operate in conjunction with, but outside, the formal trade union structure. The paper begins by situating these developments within debates about labour in a ‘post-industrial’, ‘information’, or ‘network’ society. It describes the challenges facing workers in the knowledge sector, especially rapid technological change, massive corporate consolidation, the rise of the neo-liberal state and divisions between cultural and technical workers in the knowledge sector. The paper proceeds to describe how North American workers are responding within the traditional trade union system, primarily through forms of consolidation or trade union convergence (such as the Communication Workers of America), and also through worker movements operating outside the traditional trade union system in the information technology and cultural sectors (for example WashTech and the National Writers Union). The paper concludes by addressing the significance of these developments. Do they portend a rebirth of North American labour activism or do they represent its last gasps?