bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The nature of evidence for and against epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Nadeau Joseph H.
Published: July 2015

Not so fast. The Iqbal et. al. study and the associated Whitelaw commentary highlight the appropriately high standards of study design and interpretation needed to obtain good evidence for or against epigenetic inheritance.

Please see related article: www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0714-1
Response to: the nature of evidence for and against epigenetic inheritance
Authors: Szabó Piroska E.
Published: July 2015

We thank Dr. Nadeau for his interest in our work. Dr. Nadeau has raised concerns about the experimental approach (mouse strains, route of administration, lack of phenotypic assessment) and about the validity of our conclusions. We will respond to each of these concerns point-by point.

Please see related article: www.dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0709-y
An iterative algorithm for hierarchical fixed point problems for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings
Authors: Bnouhachem Abdellah , Ansari Qamrul Hasan , Yao Jen-Chih
Published: July 2015

This paper aims to deal with an iterative algorithm for hierarchical fixed point problems for a finite family of nonexpansive mappings in the setting of real Hilbert spaces. We establish the strong convergence of the proposed method under some suitable conditions. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the proposed method and convergence result. The algorithm and result presented in this paper extend and improve some well-known algorithm and results, respectively, in the literature.
The study of fixed points for multivalued mappings in a Menger probabilistic metric space endowed with a graph
Authors: Argoubi Hajer , Jleli Mohamed , Samet Bessem
Published: July 2015

We study the existence of fixed points for multivalued mappings $f: S \to S$
f
:
S
→
S
, where $(S,F,T)$
(
S
,
F
,
T
)
is a complete Menger PM-space with a t-norm of H-type T and S is endowed with a directed graph $G=(V(G),E(G))$
G
=
(
V
(
G
)
,
E
(
G
)
)
such that $V(G)=S$
V
(
G
)
=
S
and $\Delta= \{ (x,x): x \in S \} \subset E(G)$
Δ
=
{
(
x
,
x
)
:
x
∈
S
}
⊂
E
(
G
)
. The obtained results recover several existing fixed point theorems from the literature. As applications, we obtain a convergence result of successive approximations for certain nonlinear operators defined on a complete metric space. This last result allows us to establish a Kelisky-Rivlin type result for a class of modified q-Bernstein operators on the space $C([0,1])$
C
(
[
0
,
1
]
)
.
Moonshine
Authors: Duncan John FR , Griffin Michael J , Ono Ken
Published: July 2015

Monstrous moonshinerelates distinguished modular functions to the representation theory of the Monster "Image missing". The celebrated observations that$$ 1=1,\ \ \ 196884=1+196883,\ \ \ 21493760=1+196883+21296876,\ \ \ \dots\dots (*)$$1=1,196884=1+196883,21493760=1+196883+21296876,……(*)

illustrate the case ofJ(τ)=j(τ)−744, whose coefficients turn out to be sums of the dimensions of the 194 irreducible representations of "Image missing". Such formulas are dictated by the structure of the graded monstrous moonshine modules. Recent works in moonshine suggest deep relations between number theory and physics. Number theoretic Kloosterman sums have reappeared in quantum gravity, and mock modular forms have emerged as candidates for the computation of black hole degeneracies. This paper is a survey of past and present research on moonshine. We also compute the quantum dimensions of the monster orbifold and obtain exact formulas for the multiplicities of the irreducible components of the moonshine modules. These formulas imply that such multiplicities are asymptotically proportional to dimensions. For example, the proportion of 1’s in (*) tends to$$\frac{\dim(\chi_{1})}{\sum_{i=1}^{194}\dim(\chi_{i})}=\frac{1}{5844076785304502808013602136}=1.711\ldots \times 10^{-28}. $$dim(χ1)∑i=1194dim(χi)=15844076785304502808013602136=1.711…×10−28.

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification:11F11; 11 F22; 11F37; 11F50; 20C34; 20C35
A Cys-Gly-Cys triad in the dehydrogenase region of Nox2 plays a key role in the interaction with p67phox
Authors: Dahan Iris , Smith Susan M E , Pick Edgar
Published: July 2015

p67phox is the paramount cytosolic regulator of the superoxide-generating Nox of phagocytes, by controlling the conformation of the catalytic component, Nox2. The initiating event of this process is a protein–protein interaction between p67phox and the part of Nox2 protruding into the cytosol, known as the dehydrogenase region. The aim of this study was to identify and characterize region(s) in Nox2 acting as binding site(s) for p67phox. For this purpose, we measured the binding of recombinant p67phox to an array of 91 overlapping synthetic pentadecapeptides covering the length of the dehydrogenase region (residues 288–570). We found that: 1) p67phox binds to a site corresponding to residues 357–383, represented by a cluster of 5 peptides (Nos. 24–28); 2) maximal binding was to peptides 24 (357–371) and 28 (369–383); 3) these shared a 369Cys-Gly-Cys371 triad, found to be responsible for binding; 4) the Cys-Gly-Cys triad was present in Nox2 of mammals, birds, and amphibians but was absent in other Nox; 5) substituting a Nox4 or Nox1 sequence for the Nox2 sequence in peptide 24 abolished binding; 6) replacing 369Cys by Arg in peptide 24 (mimicking a mutation in chronic granulomatous disease) abolished binding; 7) the same replacement in peptide 28 did not affect binding, indicating the existence of an additional binding site. Our results reveal an essential role for the Cys-Gly-Cys triad in Nox2 in binding p67phox, seconded by an additional binding region, comprising residues C terminal to Cys-Gly-Cys. The 2 regions interact with distinct partner sites in p67phox.
Neutrophils in viral infections: Current concepts and caveats
Authors: Galani Ioanna E , Andreakos Evangelos
Published: July 2015

Neutrophils are the first immune cell population recruited to sites of infection, including viral infections, and exhibit both protective and pathologic functions. In antibacterial and antifungal immunity, the role of neutrophils is well defined. However, in antiviral immunity, much less is known. Conventional wisdom suggests that neutrophils enhance antiviral defenses, yet evidence for that is limited. Interaction with other immune cell populations, virus internalization and killing, the release of cytokines, chemokines, and antimicrobial components are all mechanisms by which neutrophils can contribute to pathogen clearance. NET formation, extensively studied during bacterial infection, can further mediate antiviral defense by trapping and inactivating virus. In the present review, we discuss the current understanding of the complex role of neutrophil immunity in viral infections and disease pathogenesis and the potential mechanisms identified to date. We pinpoint the importance of a finely tuned neutrophilic response for achieving effective immune protection while avoiding detrimental tissue damage that can form the basis for the development of novel therapeutics.
Replication and contradiction of highly cited research papers in
psychiatry: 10-year follow-up
Authors: Tajika Aran , Ogawa Yusuke , Takeshima Nozomi , Hayasaka Yu , Furukawa Toshi A.
Published: July 2015

Background

Contradictions and initial overestimates are not unusual among highly
cited studies. However, this issue has not been researched in
psychiatry.

Aims

To assess how highly cited studies in psychiatry are replicated by
subsequent studies.

Method

We selected highly cited studies claiming effective psychiatric
treatments in the years 2000 through 2002. For each of these studies we
searched for subsequent studies with a better-controlled design, or with
a similar design but a larger sample.

Results

Among 83 articles recommending effective interventions, 40 had not been
subject to any attempt at replication, 16 were contradicted, 11 were
found to have substantially smaller effects and only 16 were replicated.
The standardised mean differences of the initial studies were
overestimated by 132%. Studies with a total sample size of 100 or more
tended to produce replicable results.

Conclusions

Caution is needed when a study with a small sample size reports a large
effect.
Excess cause-specific mortality in in-patient-treated
individuals with personality disorder: 25-year nationwide population-based
study
Authors: Björkenstam Emma , Björkenstam Charlotte , Holm Herman , Gerdin Bengt , Ekselius Lisa
Published: July 2015

Background

Although personality disorders are associated with increased overall
mortality, less is known about cause of death and personality type.

Aims

To determine causes of mortality in ICD personality disorders.

Method

Based on data from Swedish nationwide registers, individuals admitted to
hospital with a primary diagnosis of personality disorder between 1987
and 2011 were followed with respect to mortality until 31 December 2011.
Standardised mortality ratios (SMRs) with 95% confidence intervals and
underlying causes of death were calculated.

Results

All-cause SMRs were increased, overall and in all clusters, for natural
as well as unnatural causes of death. The overall SMR was 6.1 in women
and 5.0 in men, as high as previously reported for anorexia nervosa, with
higher rates in cluster B and mixed/other personality disorders. The SMR
for suicide was 34.5 in women and 16.0 in men for cluster B disorders.
Somatic and psychiatric comorbidity increased SMRs.

Conclusions

The SMR was substantially increased for all personality disorder
clusters. Thus, there was an increased premature mortality risk for all
personality disorders, irrespective of category.
Crisis and World Temporality: The Post-Fukushima Binary of the Everyday
Authors: Odagiri Takushi
Published: July 2015

Various elements of the everyday have been suspended, interrogated, and redefined in the estranged experience of the crisis that occurred in Japan shortly after March 2011. This complex transformation of quotidian consciousness gives renewed meaning to Miki Kiyoshi's philosophy of history, especially his interrogations of human temporality in the 1930s. Miki's idea of the binary of genzai (the present) and gendai (the modern) that he developed during wartime resembles the duality of everyday experience in the postearthquake nuclear crisis of the current century. Simultaneously, this recognition of the binary gives the biosemiological notion Umwelt (Uexküll) a new definition. Namely, despite the modern's tendency to quantify its temporality, human Umwelt retained its singularity of the present in these circumstances.

Another similarity between these two historical circumstances is awareness of world temporality and its presumed universality. The publication of Karatani Kōjin's Reading “The Structure of World History” (2011), which is his self-commentaries on The Structure of World History (2010), signals an elevated awareness of world history in the current century. It is possible to compare this contemporary discourse on world history to the wartime debates on world history: The Standpoint of World History and Japan (1943). However, contrary to Miki's in-depth examinations of the quotidian, neither Structure nor Standpoint shows analogous commitments to their respective everyday.

Miki's binary of everydayness remains self-contradictory between the singularity of the quotidian and the universal of world temporality without collapsing to one or the other. Since this binary essentially characterizes his philosophical anthropology (ningengaku), his thought involves the redefinition of the idea of the human, the concept that fundamentally characterizes present civilizations.
Endothelin signaling activates Mef2c expression in the neural crest through a MEF2C-dependent positive-feedback transcriptional pathway
Authors: Hu Jianxin , Verzi Michael P. , Robinson Ashley S. , Tang Paul Ling-Fung , Hua Lisa L. , Xu Shan-Mei , Kwok Pui-Yan , Black Brian L.
Published: July 2015

Endothelin signaling is essential for neural crest development, and dysregulated Endothelin signaling is associated with several neural crest-related disorders, including Waardenburg and other syndromes. However, in spite of the critical roles of this pathway in neural crest development and disease, the transcriptional effectors directly activated by Endothelin signaling during neural crest development remain incompletely elucidated. Here, we establish that the MADS box transcription factor MEF2C is an immediate downstream transcriptional target and effector of Endothelin signaling in the neural crest. We show that Endothelin signaling activates Mef2c expression in the neural crest through a conserved enhancer in the Mef2c locus and that CRISPR-mediated deletion of this Mef2c neural crest enhancer from the mouse genome abolishes Endothelin induction of Mef2c expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that Endothelin signaling activates neural crest expression of Mef2c by de-repressing MEF2C activity through a Calmodulin-CamKII-histone deacetylase signaling cascade. Thus, these findings identify a MEF2C-dependent, positive-feedback mechanism for Endothelin induction, and establish MEF2C as an immediate transcriptional effector and target of Endothelin signaling in the neural crest.
Suppressing β3-integrin triggers a neuropilin-1 dependent change in focal adhesion remodelling that can be targeted to block pathological angiogenesis
Authors: Ellison Tim S. , Atkinson Samuel J. , Steri Veronica , Kirkup Benjamin M. , Preedy Michael E. J. , Johnson Robert T. , Ruhrberg Christiana , Edwards Dylan R. , Schneider Jochen G. , Weilbaecher Katherine , Robinson Stephen D.
Published: July 2015

Anti-angiogenic treatments against αvβ3-integrin fail to block tumour growth in the long term, which suggests tumour vascular escape through αvβ3-integrin-independent mechanisms. Here, we show that suppression of β3-integrin leads to the activation of a neuropilin-1 (NRP1) dependent cell migration pathway in endothelial cells via a mechanism that depends on NRP1's mobilisation away from mature focal adhesions following VEGF-stimulation. The simultaneous genetic targeting of both molecules significantly impairs paxillin-1 activation and focal adhesion remodelling in endothelial cells and therefore inhibits tumour angiogenesis and the growth of already established tumours. These findings provide a firm foundation for testing drugs against these molecules in combination to treat patients with advanced cancers.
Caveolae – mechanosensitive membrane invaginations linked to actin filaments
Authors: Echarri Asier , Del Pozo Miguel A.
Published: July 2015

An essential property of the plasma membrane of mammalian cells is its plasticity, which is required for sensing and transmitting of signals, and for accommodating the tensional changes imposed by its environment or its own biomechanics. Caveolae are unique invaginated membrane nanodomains that play a major role in organizing signaling, lipid homeostasis and adaptation to membrane tension. Caveolae are frequently associated with stress fibers, a major regulator of membrane tension and cell shape. In this Commentary, we discuss recent studies that have provided new insights into the function of caveolae and have shown that trafficking and organization of caveolae are tightly regulated by stress-fiber regulators, providing a functional link between caveolae and stress fibers. Furthermore, the tension in the plasma membrane determines the curvature of caveolae because they flatten at high tension and invaginate at low tension, thus providing a tension-buffering system. Caveolae also regulate multiple cellular pathways, including RhoA-driven actomyosin contractility and other mechanosensitive pathways, suggesting that caveolae could couple mechanotransduction pathways to actin-controlled changes in tension through their association with stress fibers. Therefore, we argue here that the association of caveolae with stress fibers could provide an important strategy for cells to deal with mechanical stress.
Tar-free and Benzo[a]pyrene-free Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Bamboo and Antibacterial Property of Recovered Vinegar
Authors: Yamashiro Keisaku , Ariffin Hidayah , Nishida Haruo
Published: July 2015

Bamboo, which was treated using superheated steam controlled at a low temperature range, gave tar-free and benzo[a]pyrene-free vinegar. The vinegar’s selective antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus concerned with the atopic dermatitis and Bacillus cereus causing food poisoning in humans was confirmed, while no effect was found against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis as being indigenous bacteria in natural environments.
Selective Halogenation of C–H Bonds on Porphyrin Rings Using NaX/H2O2
Authors: Tian Mi , Chen Shi , Sheng Wenbing , Huang Hui , Guo Cancheng
Published: July 2015

The selective oxidative halogenation of C–H bonds on porphyrins by halides/H2O2 is achieved. Different activities are observed for the three types of aromatic C–H bonds on porphyrin ring: meso-H is halogenated preferentially, the β-H could be substituted by Br or I, whereas benzo-C–H bonds remain intact. The reaction proceeds smoothly in a pseudo heterogeneous system and provides an alternative eco-friendly and efficient protocol for the synthesis of haloporphyrins.
Chemically Hazardous Emissions into the Atmosphere Due to Technogenic Accidents at Ukraine Facilities
Authors: Кустов  , Kustov M.
Published: July 2015

The paper considers the qualitative and quantitative composition of the lower troposphere and the main pollutants under

normal conditions, and in the event of industrial accidents. It identifies the main chemically hazardous substances released

into the atmosphere during depressurization of production machinery without subsequent burning sand inventories of such

substances on the enterprises of Ukraine. The paper also analyzes the combustion products composition of main classes

of flammable substances. On the basis of the analysis the combustion products’ hazard level is defined, as well as their

quantitative composition; hence relying on this analysis major hazardous substances released into the atmosphere during

fires are identified.
Hydrodynamic Filtration
Authors: Девисилов  , Devisilov Vladimir , Шарай  , Sharay E.
Published: July 2015

Prospects of hydrodynamic filters application are demonstrated through the review of current state of hydrodynamic filtering. Acknowledged schemes of hydrodynamic filters are Classified by 3 parameters: presence/absence of sludge liquid, frame and filter design, extra force field creation means. Advantages and disadvantages of every type of hydrodynamic filter are noted. Major attitudes to hydrodynamic filtering are considered with deterministic approach. Special attention is paid to hydrodynamic filters with flow vortex of “cylinder in cylinder” and “cylinder in cone” types. Promicing directions for further research of Hydrodynamic filtration are proposed.
The Impact of Learning by Thought on Violations of Independence and Coalescing
Authors: Birnbaum Michael H. , Schmidt Ulrich
Published: July 2015

This paper reports results from a repeated experiment on decision making under risk where subjects must address the same choice problems in several rounds. We investigate how behavior changes in the course of the experiment. The design focuses on choice problems allowing for direct tests of independence and coalescing. We show that inconsistencies in responses as well as violations of independence and coalescing decrease from earlier to later rounds. Our results provide evidence in favor of expected utility in conjunction with the discovered preference hypothesis.
Vehicle Longitudinal Control and Traffic Stream Modeling
Authors: Ni Daiheng , Leonard John D. , Jia Chaoqun , Wang Jianqiang
Published: July 2015

A simple yet efficient traffic flow model, in particular one that describes vehicle longitudinal operational control and further characterizes a traffic flow fundamental diagram, is always desirable. Though many models have been proposed in the past with each having its own merits, research in this area is far from conclusive. This paper contributes a new model, i.e., the longitudinal control model, to the arsenal with a unique set of properties. The model is suited for a variety of transportation applications, among which a concrete example is provided in this paper.
International media spotlight on the Amazon roams, but rarely enlightens
Authors: Tollefson Jeff
Published: July 2015

The international media has played a powerful role by highlighting problems in the Brazilian Amazon, projecting the views of scientists and activists and projecting data from Brazil’s satellite monitoring program to throughout society. Journalists have also told powerful stories about violence and corruption and put pressure on both the Brazilian government and the agribusiness industry. But very few have attempted to explain the forces at work in the Brazilian Amazon today, despite the fact that the drop in deforestation, if sustained, would represent perhaps a singular environmental success story that could have repercussions across the world. If the goal of the media is to seek and promote understanding in the midst of confusion and debate, journalists must engage on a deeper level.
CDS, UX, and System Redesign – Promising Techniques and Tools to Bridge the
Evidence Gap
Authors: McGinn Thomas
Published: July 2015

Introduction: In this special issue of eGEMs, we explore the struggles related to
bringing evidence into day-to-day practice, what I define as the “evidence gap.” We are
all aware of high quality evidence in the form of guidelines, randomized clinical trials
for treatments and diagnostic tests, and clinical prediction rules, which are all
readily available online. We also know that electronic health records (EHRs) are now
ubiquitous in health care and in most practices across the country. How we marry this
high quality evidence and the practice of medicine through effective decision support is
a major challenge.About the Issue: All of the articles in this issue explore, in some
fashion, CDS systems and how we can best bring providers and their work environment to
the evidence. We are at the very early stages of the science of usability. Much more
research and funding is needed in this area if we hope to improve the dissemination and
implementation of evidence in practice. While the featured examples, techniques, and
tools in the special issue are a promising start to improving usability and CDS, many of
the papers highlight current gaps in knowledge and a great need for generalizable
approaches. The great promise is for “learning” approaches to generate new evidence and
to integrate this evidence in reliable, patient-centered ways at scale using new
technology. Closing the evidence gap is a real possibility, but only if the community
works together to innovate and invest in research on the best ways to disseminate,
communicate, and implement evidence in practice.
Why Dose Frequency Affects Spoken Vocabulary in Preschoolers With Down Syndrome
Authors: Yoder Paul J. , Woynaroski Tiffany , Fey Marc E. , Warren Steven F. , Gardner Elizabeth
Published: July 2015

In an earlier randomized clinical trial, daily communication and language therapy resulted in more favorable spoken vocabulary outcomes than weekly therapy sessions in a subgroup of initially nonverbal preschoolers with intellectual disabilities that included only children with Down syndrome (DS). In this reanalysis of the dataset involving only the participants with DS, we found that more therapy led to larger spoken vocabularies at posttreatment because it increased children’s canonical syllabic communication and receptive vocabulary growth early in the treatment phase.
The power of informal communication and perceived organizational support on energy at work and extra-role behavior: A survey on teachers
Authors: Alparslan Ali Murat , Kılınç Uğur Keskin
Published: July 2015

This research studies the effect of energy at work, internal-external informal communication and perceived organisational support on extra role behaviour. The population of survey included teachers (479 teachers at 25 elementary and middle schools) at The Ministry of National Education located in the Burdur in Turkey. Research method is a survey with a questionnaire and participants has been reached with the convenience sampling method. Two model (purposed and revised) was examined by structural equation model approach. According to the findings, internal informal communication increases energy at work, and therefore, energy at work has a considerably positive effect on extra role behaviour. Besides that, perceived organisational support has seriously positive effect on internal informal communication. As inferred from these findings, the increase of perceived organisational support will also increase internal informal communication, and the increase of communication will enable lecturers to be more energetic, and hence, such energy will trigger lecturers to make extra efforts for their organizations.
A case of primary aldosteronism with secondary hyperparathyroidism and bilateral adrenal tumors
Authors: Eguchi Tohru , Miyauchi Shozo
Published: July 2015

A 43-year-old Japanese woman was admitted to our hospital with weakness. Laboratory findings showed hypokalemia, hypocalcemia and elevation of the serum creatinine phosphokinase levels, but intact parathyroid hormone levels. Further evaluations suggested that she had primary aldosteronism (PA), secondary hyperparathyroidism and bilateral adrenal tumors. She was treated successfully by laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. This case not only serves to the diagnosis of bilateral adrenal tumors in which selective adrenal venous sampling (SAVS) proved to be useful, but also for physicians to be aware of secondary hyperparathyroidism and the risk of secondary osteoporosis caused by PA.

Learning points

The classic presenting signs of PA are hypertension and hypokalemia.

Hypokalemia can induce rhabdomyolysis.

PA causes secondary hyperparathyroidism.

Patients with PA have the risk of osteoporosis with secondary hyperparathyroidism.

SAVS is useful in bilateral adrenal tumors.
Distinct profiles of human embryonic stem cell metabolism and mitochondria identified by oxygen
Authors: Lees Jarmon G , Rathjen Joy , Sheedy John R , Gardner David K , Harvey Alexandra J
Published: July 2015

Oxygen is a powerful regulator of cell function and embryonic development. It has previously been determined that oxygen regulates human embryonic stem (hES) cell glycolytic and amino acid metabolism, but the effects on mitochondria are as yet unknown. Two hES cell lines (MEL1, MEL2) were analyzed to determine the role of 5% (physiological) and 20% (atmospheric) oxygen in regulating mitochondrial activity. In response to extended physiological oxygen culture, MEL2 hES cells displayed reduced mtDNA content, mitochondrial mass and expression of metabolic genesTFAM,NRF1,PPARaandMT-ND4. Furthermore, MEL2 hES cell glucose consumption, lactate production and amino acid turnover were elevated under physiological oxygen. In stark contrast, MEL1 hES cell amino acid and carbohydrate use and mitochondrial function were relatively unaltered in response to oxygen. Furthermore, differentiation kinetics were delayed in the MEL1 hES cell line following BMP4 treatment. Here we report the first incidence of metabolic dysfunction in a hES cell population, defined as a failure to respond to oxygen concentration through the modulation of metabolism, demonstrating that hES cells can be perturbed during culture despite exhibiting the defining characteristics of pluripotent cells. Collectively, these data reveal a central role for oxygen in the regulation of hES cell metabolism and mitochondrial function, whereby physiological oxygen promotes glucose flux and suppresses mitochondrial biogenesis and gene expression.
Resistin is a survival factor for porcine ovarian follicular cells
Authors: Rak Agnieszka , Drwal Eliza , Wróbel Anna , Gregoraszczuk Ewa Łucja
Published: July 2015

Previously, we demonstrated the expression of resistin in the porcine ovary, the regulation of its expression and its direct effect on ovarian steroidogenesis. The objective of this study was to examine the effect of resistin on cell proliferation and apoptosis in a co-culture model of porcine granulosa and theca cells. First, we analysed the effect of resistin at 1 and 10 ng/ml alone or in combination with FSH- and IGF1 on ovarian cell proliferation with an alamarBlue assay and protein expression of cyclins A and B using western blot. Next, the mRNA and protein expression of selected pro-apoptotic and pro-survival regulators of cell apoptosis, caspase-9, -8 and -3 activity and DNA fragmentation using real time PCR, western blot, fluorescent assay and an ELISA kit, respectively, were analysed after resistin treatment. Furthermore, we determined the effect of resistin on the protein expression of ERK1/2, Stat and Akt kinase. Using specific inhibitors of these kinases, we also checked caspase-3 activity and protein expression. We found that resistin, at both doses, has no effect on cell proliferation. The results showed that resistin decreased pro-apoptotic genes, which was confirmed on protein expression of selected factors. We demonstrate an inhibitory effect of resistin on caspase activity and DNA fragmentation. Finally, resistin stimulated phosphorylation of the ERK1/2, Stat and Akt and kinases inhibitors reversed resistin action on caspase-3 activity and protein expression to control. All of these results showed that resistin has an inhibitory effect on porcine ovarian cell apoptosis by activation of the MAPK/ERK, JAK/Stat and Akt/PI3 kinase signalling pathways.
Auxin and Tryptophan Homeostasis Are Facilitated by the ISS1/VAS1 Aromatic Aminotransferase in Arabidopsis
Authors: Pieck Michael , Yuan Youxi , Godfrey Jason , Fisher Christopher , Zolj Sanda , Vaughan Dylan , Thomas Nicholas , Wu Connie , Ramos Julian , Lee Norman , Normanly Jennifer , Celenza John L
Published: July 2015

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) plays a critical role in regulating numerous aspects of plant growth and development. While there is much genetic support for tryptophan-dependent (Trp-D) IAA synthesis pathways, there is little genetic evidence for tryptophan-independent (Trp-I) IAA synthesis pathways. Using Arabidopsis, we identified two mutant alleles of ISS1 (IndoleSevereSensitive) that display indole-dependent IAA overproduction phenotypes including leaf epinasty and adventitious rooting. Stable isotope labeling showed that iss1, but not WT, uses primarily Trp-I IAA synthesis when grown on indole-supplemented medium. In contrast, both iss1 and WT use primarily Trp-D IAA synthesis when grown on unsupplemented medium. iss1 seedlings produce 8-fold higher levels of IAA when grown on indole and surprisingly have a 174-fold increase in Trp. These findings indicate that the iss1 mutant’s increase in Trp-I IAA synthesis is due to a loss of Trp catabolism. ISS1 was identified as At1g80360, a predicted aromatic aminotransferase, and in vitro and in vivo analysis confirmed this activity. At1g80360 was previously shown to primarily carry out the conversion of indole-3-pyruvic acid to Trp as an IAA homeostatic mechanism in young seedlings. Our results suggest that in addition to this activity, in more mature plants ISS1 has a role in Trp catabolism and possibly in the metabolism of other aromatic amino acids. We postulate that this loss of Trp catabolism impacts the use of Trp-D and/or Trp-I IAA synthesis pathways.
Fast and Sensitive RP-HPLC—Fluorescence Method for the Quantitative Analysis of Moxifloxacin in Rat Plasma and Its Application to a Preclinical Pharmacokinetic Study
Authors: Hurtado F. K. , Kaiser M. , Tasso L. , Dalla Costa T.
Published: July 2015

A fast, simple, and sensitive reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method has been developed and fully validated for the determination of moxifloxacin (MXF) in rat plasma. MXF and gatifloxacin (internal standard, I.S.) were extracted from plasma by single-step protein precipitation with acidified acetonitrile. Chromatographic separation was accomplished in less than 8 min on an Atlantis ® T3 column with 0.4% aqueous triethylamine–methanol–acetonitrile (60:35:5, v/v/v) solution as mobile phase. Detection was achieved by fluorescence (λexcitation = 295 nm, λemission = 500 nm), and the calibration curves were found to be linear over the plasma concentration range of 10–2,500 ng mL−1 with a mean correlation coefficient (r) of 0.9946 (n = 6). The intra- and inter-assay imprecision (% CV) was less than 2.4 and 3.3%, respectively, and the accuracy was >90%. The mean extraction recoveries for MXF and I.S. from plasma were 77 and 82%, respectively. The method was also validated for specificity, sensitivity, and stability; all the results were within the acceptable range. The proposed method was then successfully applied to the quantitative analysis of MXF in rat plasma samples, being a valuable and high-throughput assay to support ongoing pharmacokinetic studies on this promising anti-infective agent.
INVERSIÓN PÚBLICA EN COLOMBIA Y SUS EFECTOS SOBRE EL CRECIMIENTO Y LA CONVERGENCIA DEPARTAMENTAL
Authors: León Guillén , Benavides Gutiérrez Hamadys
Published: July 2015

Uno de los mecanismos para impulsar el crecimiento económico, y su posible convergencia, a nivel regional se origina en el nexo con la inversión pública. Por ello, la política regional orientada a la provisión de capital público es actualmente la alternativa más utilizada para resolver disparidades territoriales. En este trabajo se examina los efectos de la inversión pública, a partir de las transferencias o asignaciones del presupuesto nacional, sobre el crecimiento económico y la convergencia departamental para Colombia en el periodo 1994 – 2012. Se utilizó la metodología de panel de datos para capturar la heterogeneidad asociada a las características no observables entre los departamentos y el tiempo. Los resultados revelan presencia de convergencia β absoluta y condicional en el periodo analizado; sin embargo, no se evidencia una relación directa de las transferencias dentro del proceso de convergencia departamental para la muestra seleccionada.
MODELO DE CAPACIDADES DINÁMICAS
Authors: Garzón Castrillón Manuel Alfonso
Published: July 2015

Este artículo es un avance del proyecto de investigación denominado “Las capacidades dinámicas en las organizaciones“. Pretende determinar la relación entre las capacidades dinámicas y la estrategia en las organizaciones, se propone un modelo de capacidades dinámicas, para conseguir este objetivo. se ha revisado la literatura relativa a investigaciones realizadas anteriormente sobre este enfoque teórico que, tras su aparición en la última década del siglo XX, ha tenido una rápida expansión en el ámbito académico de la dirección de empresa, teniendo en cuenta que las organizaciones están en procesos permanentes de cambio, fortalecimiento y renovaciones de  sus capacidades; con base en el cual se determinan las variables que se utilizarán en esta investigación: capacidad de absorción; capacidad de innovación; capacidad de aprendizaje y capacidad de adaptación, además se proponen  cinco hipótesis y finalmente unas conclusiones
Structure of stratlingite and effect of hydration methodology on microstructure
Authors: Santacruz Isabel , Torre Ángeles G De la , Álvarez-Pinazo Gema , Cabeza Aurelio , Cuesta Ana , Sanz Jesús , Aranda Miguel A. G
Published: July 2015

Stratlingite, Ca4Al2(OH)12[AlSi(OH)8]2·2H2O, is an AFm phase which appears as a hydration product of aluminium-rich cements. These binders may be calcium aluminate cements, calcium sulfoaluminate cements and also belite calcium sulfo-aluminate (BCSA) cements. The structure of stratlingite is known from single-crystal studies of tiny minerals but their bulk formation, crystal structure and microstructure of powders is poorly understood. This paper reports on the synthesis of stratlingite and a complete structural and microstructural characterisation by synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, scanning electron microscopy and thermal analyses. The structural and microstructural models have important implications for a correct quantitative phase analysis of stratlingite in cement pastes (for instance, in pastes of BCSA cements). The microstructure of stratlingite formed in cement pastes is highly dependent on the hydration conditions. In BCSA pastes, the (003) line position of stratlingite appears slightly shifted towards higher diffracting angles (lower inter-layered distance) after stopping hydration compared to that of a similar phase present in a paste analysed without stopping hydration. This is related to dehydration and disorder. This shift and peak broadening is even larger when the paste has suffered partial dehydration during curing (apart from stopping hydration). A microstructural study is presented.
Grouting to remove piles from a tunnelling machine cutter-head
Authors: Liao Hung-Jiun , Cheng Shih-Hao , Wong Ricky K. N. , You Chen-Fa , Masaoka Akihiro , Hsieh Cheng-Da
Published: July 2015

This paper provides a summary report on measures taken to remove embedded steel ‘H' pile obstacles from the cutter head of an advancing tunnel-boring machine. The piles were part of the soil-mixing retaining wall built for the cut-and-cover tunnel construction of a Taiwan high-speed rail tunnel and a Taiwan railways administration tunnel, which were directly above the mass rapid transit tunnel that was to be constructed. The collision zone between the boring machine and piles was below groundwater level and was approximately 23 m below the ground surface in a silty sand layer. To remove the piles safely from the cutter head, horizontal grouting from two adjacent work pits was conducted for waterproofing and solidification purposes. By controlling the amount of soil being flushed out during the grout hole drilling first, and also the pressure used for grouting later, the measured tunnel settlement resulting from grouting was negligible. Because of the favourable watertightness of the grouted zone and the dewatering influence of a nearby construction site, pile removal was conducted under particularly dry working conditions. In total, 12 piles were identified in the collision zone and were successfully removed from the cutter head by hand tools.
Clinical Evaluation of Restorative Materials in Primary Teeth Class II Lesions
Authors: Sengul F , Gurbuz T
Published: July 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical success of primary teeth class II lesions restored with different restorative materials [Hybrid Composite Resin (HCR), Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC), compomer, and Giomer Composite Resin (GCR)] followed up for 24 months. Study Design: This study was carried out on 146 primary molars of 41 children in the age range of 5–7 years. The class II lesions in primary molars of a patient were restored using different restorative materials. Restorations were evaluated according to FDI-criteria and their survival rates were determined. Data were analysed with Pearson chi-square, Kaplan-Meier and Wilcoxon (Breslow) tests (α = 0.05). Results: The failure rates of restorative materials were as follows: compomer 33.3%, RMGIC 28.1%, HCR 22.5% and GCR 21.1%. Conclusions: While the functional failure was the most important factor in restorative material failure, RMGIC was the most successful material in terms of biological evaluation criterion and GCR had the longest survival rate.
Early Colonization of Lactobacillus reuteri after Exposure to Probiotics
Authors: Çaglar E , Topcuoglu N , Ozbey H , Sandalli N , Kulekci G
Published: July 2015

The aim of the present in vivo animal study is to investigate the ability of L. reuteri to colonize the oral flora during infancy. Study design: Twenty four rats, aged 1 month, which were pre-analyzed for mutans streptococci and L. reuteri absence in their saliva, were randomly divided into 3 groups. The control group was infected with S. mutans ATCC 25175 at the 2nd month, three times a day for 14 days. S. mutans counts were determined with microbiological saliva analyzes obtained by standard methods of oral swabbing at 3rd, 4th and 5th months. The second group, Probiotic I group, was also infected with S. mutans at the 2nd month, and further infected with L. reuteri ATCC 55730 (1×108),5 drops per day for 25 days, at the 3rd month. S. mutans and L. reuteri counts were determined at the 3rd, 4th and 5th months. Plates were incubated anaerobically at 37°C for 48 h, after which colonies were confirmed as L. Reuteri. Results: Regarding intragroup analysis, S. mutans counts of the Control group increased steadily during the 3rd. and 4th. months, and a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction was registered at the 5. month. S. mutans counts of the Probiotic I group increased steadily during the 3rd. and 4th. months, and again a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction, parallel with the Control group, was registered at the 5th. month. In the Probiotic II group, S. mutans counts started at a higher level than the Control group and there was a statistically significant (p<0.05) reduction of S. mutans at the 5th. month. Conclusion: It may be concluded that, L. reuteri promised a better colonization as a ‘first colonisation strain’.
Dental Erosion and its Associated Factors In 11–16-Year Old School Children
Authors: Kirthiga M , Poornima P , Praveen R , Sakeena B , Disha P
Published: July 2015

Dental erosion currently stands as a great challenge for the clinician, regarding the diagnosis, identification of the etiological factors, prevention and execution of an adequate treatment. Aims: To evaluate the prevalence, severity, and associated factors on dental erosion in 11–16-years old. Study design: A cross sectional study was conducted among 2000 school children who were randomly selected. A questionnaire was given to the children that included personal demographic details and habit of consuming acidic foods and drinks. An index specific for dental erosion given by O Sullivan was used to assess every affected tooth. The values were subjected to chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of dental erosion was found to be 1.4%. Females (1.6%) were slightly more affected than males (1.3%). Public school children (2.1%) were found to be affected a little more than private children (0.7%). Chi square test showed significant association between type of school and erosion prevalence (p = 0.015). Most commonly affected teeth were lateral incisor (59.72%). Conclusion: The prevalence of dental erosion was found to be low when compared to various studies done all over the world.
Enamel Deproteinization using Papacarie and 10% Papain Gel on Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontic Brackets Before and After Acid Etching
Authors: Agarwal RM , Yeluri R , Singh C , Munshi AK
Published: July 2015

Objective: To suggest Papacarie® as a new deproteinizing agent in comparison with indigenously prepared 10% papain gel before and after acid etching that may enhance the quality of the bond between enamel surface and composite resin complex. Study design: One hundred and twenty five extracted human premolars were utilized and divided into five groups: In the group 1, enamel surface was etched and primer was applied. In group 2, treatment with papacarie® for 60 seconds followed by etching and primer application. In group 3, etching followed by treatment with papacarie® for 60 seconds and primer application. In group 4, treatment with 10% papain gel for 60 seconds followed by etching and primer application. In group 5, etching followed by treatment with 10% papain gel for 60 seconds and primer application . After bonding the brackets, the mechanical testing was performed using a Universal testing machine. The failure mode was analyzed using an adhesive remnant index. The etching patterns before and after application of papacarie® and 10% papain gel was also evaluated using SEM. The values obtained for shear bond strength were submitted to analysis of variance and Tukey test (p < 0.05). Results: It was observed that group 2 and group 4 had the highest shear bond strength and was statistically significant from other groups (p=0.001). Regarding Adhesive remnant index no statistical difference was seen between the groups (p=0.538). Conclusion: Papacarie® or 10% papain gel can be used to deproteinize the enamel surface before acid etching to enhance the bond strength of orthodontic brackets.
Salivary Urease and ADS Enzymatic Activity as Endogenous Protection against Dental Caries in Children
Authors: Moncada G , Maureira J , Neira M , Reyes E , Oliveira Junior OB , Faleiros S , Palma P , Corsini G , Ugalde C , Gordan VV , Yevenes I
Published: July 2015

The aim of this cross sectional study was to evaluate the ureolytic and arginolytic activities of saliva in children and associate them with their caries status. Study design: 65, 8 year old children, were randomly selected. The ureolytic and arginolytic activity of non stimulated saliva was studied and associated with DMFT and dmft index. Saliva of children were sampled under fasting conditions; Children refrained from any oral hygiene procedures during the 12 hours that preceded the sample collection. Caries activity was scored and divided in 3 groups: Group A: Index zero: without lesions; Group B: Moderate Index: 1 to 3 enamel caries lesions; and Group C: High Index: more than 4 dentin caries lesions. Results: DMFT scores were moderate: 0.4(±0.79) and dmft: 2.78(±2.45). Results expressed in μmol/min/mg/protein, for urease activity were statistically significant (p=0.048): Group A= 0.69 (±0.7); Group B= 0.45 (±0.43); and Group C= 0.39 (±0.55). The arginine deiminase activity was not statistically significant (p=0.16): Group A= 2.53 (±1.42), Group B= 2.31 (±1.57) and Group C= 1.97 (±2.0). Conclusion: Higher levels of ureolytic (statistically significant) and arginolytic activity (trend) in saliva were associated with lower DMFT/dmft scores in 8 year old children. There was a higher production of ammonia from the arginine deiminase system than the urease enzyme in saliva (p>0.05).
Birth-Weight, Pregnancy Term, Pre-Natal and Natal Complications Related to Child’s Dental Anomalies
Authors: Prokocimer T , Amir E , Blumer S , Peretz B
Published: July 2015

Objectives: This cross-sectional study was aimed at determining whether certain pre-natal and natal conditions can predict specific dental anomalies. The conditions observed were: low birth-weight, preterm birth, pre-natal & natal complications. The dental anomalies observed were: enamel defects, total number of decayed, missing and filled teeth (total DMFT), disturbances in the tooth shape and disturbances in the number of teeth. Study design: Out of more than 2000 medical files of children aged 2–17 years old which were reviewed, 300 files met the selection criteria. Information recorded from the files included: age, gender, health status (the ASA physical status classification system by the American Society of Anesthesiologists), birth week, birth weight, total DMFT, hypomineralization, abnormal tooth shape, abnormal number of teeth and hypoplasia. Results: Twenty one children out of 300 (7%) were born after a high-risk pregnancy, 25 children (8.3%) were born after high-risk birth, 20 children (6.7%) were born preterm - before week 37, and 29 children (9.7%) were born with a low birth weight (LBW) - 2500 grams or less. A relationship between a preterm birth and LBW to hypomineralization was found. And a relationship between a preterm birth and high-risk pregnancy to abnormal number of teeth was found. No relationship was found between birth (normal/high-risk) and the other parameters inspected. Conclusion: Preterm birth and LBW may predict hypomineralization in both primary and permanent dentitions. Furthermore, the study demonstrated that preterm birth and high-risk pregnancy may predict abnormal number of teeth in both dentitions.