bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tourists’ Emotions as a Resource for Customer Value Creation, Cocreation, and Destruction: A Customer-Grounded Understanding
Authors: Malone Sheila , McKechnie Sally , Tynan Caroline
Published: July 2017

Research on customer value creation in a tourism setting has tended to prioritize the firm’s over the customer’s perspective. However, new understandings of customer value through the lens of customer-dominant logic emphasize the need to consider value as emerging within the broader context of a customer’s lifeworld, which transcends customer–firm interactions and includes interactions with others. Tourism experiences are experiential and meaning-laden at the individual and collective levels. As a resource for value creation, emotions play an important but underexplored role during value-in-use and influence the tourist’s consumption experience. We provide a customer-grounded understanding of value creation as emerging and evolving over time by examining how emotions are experienced and contribute to the holistic consumption experience both intra- and intersubjectively. By demonstrating how emotions, as a customer operant resource, contribute to the process of value creation as well as value destruction, we extend our knowledge of experiential consumption practices.
Investigating the ways in which health information technology can promote antimicrobial stewardship: a conceptual overview
Authors: King Abby , Cresswell Kathrin M , Coleman Jamie J , Pontefract Sarah K , Slee Ann , Williams Robin , Sheikh Aziz
Published: July 2017

Antimicrobial resistance is now recognised as a threat to health worldwide. Antimicrobial stewardship aims to promote the responsible use of antibiotics and is high on international and national policy agendas. Health information technology has the potential to support antimicrobial stewardship in a number of ways, but this field is still poorly characterised and understood. Building on a recent systematic review and expert roundtable discussions, we take a lifecycle perspective of antibiotic use in hospitals and identify potential targets for health information technology-based interventions to support antimicrobial stewardship. We aim for this work to help chart a future research agenda in this critically important area.
Mere Gifting: Liking a Gift More Because It Is Shared
Authors: Polman Evan , Maglio Sam J.
Published: July 2017

We investigated a type of mere similarity that describes owning the same item as someone else. Moreover, we examined this mere similarity in a gift-giving context, whereby givers gift something that they also buy for themselves (a behavior we call “companionizing”). Using a Heiderian account of balancing unit-sentiment relations, we tested whether gift recipients like gifts more when gifts are companionized. Akin to mere ownership, which describes people liking their possessions more merely because they own them, we tested a complementary prediction: whether people like their possessions more merely because others own them too. Thus, in a departure from previous work, we examined a type of similarity based on two people sharing the same material item. We find that this type of sharing causes gift recipients to like their gifts more, and feel closer to gift givers.
Beyond Tear Gas and Torched Dumpsters
Authors: Brissette Emily
Published: July 2017

Social movement scholars have shown renewed interest in the question of violence over the past two decades. They have focused particularly on the conditions that give rise to “violent protest” and, in doing so, have emphasized the direct, immediately visible, forms of violence that occur within the space of protest events. Curiously, they have not paid much attention to the forms of structural and epistemic violence that often give rise to protest in the first place. Drawing on the work of peace researcher Johan Galtung among others, I want to offer a rethinking of violence at Occupy Oakland that shifts the focus from the protest event to the forms of violence inherent in existing distributions of resources and regard. While Occupy Oakland may have made headlines because of spectacular moments of violent protest, it sought to address more quotidian forms of structural and epistemic violence in Oakland, including the ongoing foreclosure crisis and capitalist notions of property and personhood. Through examining how Occupy Oakland engaged these different forms of violence, I highlight the need to move beyond a focus on violence as event to look more critically at the violent processes circumscribing daily life and struggles for social change.
A potential therapeutic pitfall in the treatment of venous reflux due to variant planar anatomy of varicose segments
Authors: Deniz Sinan , Tureli Derya , Akpinar Burcu , Oguzkurt Levent
Published: July 2017

Purpose

To elaborate on a planar anatomic variant of great saphenous vein as a potential therapeutic pitfall in the treatment of venous reflux.

Materials and methods

Lower extremity veins in 568 limbs with great saphenous vein insufficiency were sonographically mapped. A rather overlooked variation, the saphenous bow, was studied with emphasis on anatomic clarification and its involvement in venous insufficiency.

Results

This variation, observed in 5.1% (n = 29) of limbs, comprised two segments; one uninterrupted great saphenous vein proper coursing throughout saphenous compartment and one extra-compartmental segment originating distally from and proximally fusing with it. Venous arch remains within compartment only briefly during take-off and re-entry. Extra-compartmental venous arch had reflux either alone (10.3%) or together with intra-compartmental segment (75.9%).

Conclusion

This variation, part of saphenous segmental aplasia/hypoplasia complex, is associated with venous insufficiency. Meticulous mapping of great saphenous vein territory and identification of such variants during planning stage is indispensable for optimal clinical outcomes of treatment.
The biopsychosocial model of illness: a model whose time has come
Authors: Wade Derick T , Halligan Peter W
Published: July 2017

The biopsychosocial model outlined in Engel’s classic Science paper four decades ago emerged from dissatisfaction with the biomedical model of illness, which remains the dominant healthcare model. Engel’s call to arms for a biopsychosocial model has been taken up in several healthcare fields, but it has not been accepted in the more economically dominant and politically powerful acute medical and surgical domains. It is widely used in research into complex healthcare interventions, it is the basis of the World Health Organisation’s International Classification of Functioning (WHO ICF), it is used clinically, and it is used to structure clinical guidelines. Critically, it is now generally accepted that illness and health are the result of an interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors. Despite the evidence supporting its validity and utility, the biopsychosocial model has had little influence on the larger scale organization and funding of healthcare provision. With chronic diseases now accounting for most morbidity and many deaths in Western countries, healthcare systems designed around acute biomedical care models are struggling to improve patient-reported outcomes and reduce healthcare costs. Consequently, there is now a greater need to apply the biopsychological model to healthcare management. The increasing proportion of healthcare resource devoted to chronic disorders and the accompanying need to improve patient outcomes requires action; better understanding and employment of the biopsychosocial model by those charged with healthcare funding could help improve healthcare outcome while also controlling costs.
Quasi-experimental evaluation of a multifaceted intervention to improve quality of end-of-life care and quality of dying for patients with advanced dementia in long-term care institutions
Authors: Verreault René , Arcand Marcel , Misson Lucie , Durand Pierre J , Kroger Edeltraut , Aubin Michèle , Savoie Maryse , Hadjistavropoulos Thomas , Kaasalainen Sharon , Bédard Annick , Grégoire Annie , Carmichael Pierre-Hughes
Published: July 2017

Background:

Improvement in the quality of end-of-life care for advanced dementia is increasingly recognized as a priority in palliative care.

Aim:

To evaluate the impact of a multidimensional intervention to improve quality of care and quality of dying in advanced dementia in long-term care facilities.

Design:

Quasi-experimental study with the intervention taking place in two long-term care facilities versus usual care in two others over a 1-year period. The intervention had five components: (1) training program to physicians and nursing staff, (2) clinical monitoring of pain using an observational pain scale, (3) implementation of a regular mouth care routine, (4) early and systematic communication with families about end-of-life care issues with provision of an information booklet, and (5) involvement of a nurse facilitator to implement and monitor the intervention. Quality of care was assessed with the Family Perception of Care Scale. The Symptom Management for End-of-Life Care in Dementia and the Comfort Assessment in Dying scales were used to assess the quality of dying.

Participants:

A total of 193 residents with advanced dementia and their close family members were included (97 in the intervention group and 96 in the usual care group).

Results:

The Family Perception of Care score was significantly higher in the intervention group than in the usual care group (157.3 vs 149.1; p = 0.04). The Comfort Assessment and Symptom Management scores were also significantly higher in the intervention group.

Conclusions:

Our multidimensional intervention in long-term care facilities for patients with terminal dementia resulted in improved quality of care and quality of dying when compared to usual care.
External validation and clinical utility of a prediction model for 6-month mortality in patients undergoing hemodialysis for end-stage kidney disease
Authors: Forzley Brian , Er Lee , Chiu Helen HL , Djurdjev Ognjenka , Martinusen Dan , Carson Rachel C , Hargrove Gaylene , Levin Adeera , Karim Mohamud
Published: July 2017

Background:

End-stage kidney disease is associated with poor prognosis. Health care professionals must be prepared to address end-of-life issues and identify those at high risk for dying. A 6-month mortality prediction model for patients on dialysis derived in the United States is used but has not been externally validated.

Aim:

We aimed to assess the external validity and clinical utility in an independent cohort in Canada.

Design:

We examined the performance of the published 6-month mortality prediction model, using discrimination, calibration, and decision curve analyses.

Setting/participants:

Data were derived from a cohort of 374 prevalent dialysis patients in two regions of British Columbia, Canada, which included serum albumin, age, peripheral vascular disease, dementia, and answers to the “the surprise question” (“Would I be surprised if this patient died within the next year?”).

Results:

The observed mortality in the validation cohort was 11.5% at 6 months. The prediction model had reasonable discrimination (c-stat = 0.70) but poor calibration (calibration-in-the-large = −0.53 (95% confidence interval: −0.88, −0.18); calibration slope = 0.57 (95% confidence interval: 0.31, 0.83)) in our data. Decision curve analysis showed the model only has added value in guiding clinical decision in a small range of threshold probabilities: 8%–20%.

Conclusion:

Despite reasonable discrimination, the prediction model has poor calibration in this external study cohort; thus, it may have limited clinical utility in settings outside of where it was derived. Decision curve analysis clarifies limitations in clinical utility not apparent by receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. This study highlights the importance of external validation of prediction models prior to routine use in clinical practice.
The Effects of Interactive Storybook Reading With Preschoolers Who Are Deaf and Hard-of-Hearing
Authors: Trussell Jessica W. , Dunagan Janna , Kane Joy , Cascioli Toni
Published: July 2017

Vocabulary is a consistent predictor of reading achievement for deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) children. DHH children tend to have a smaller vocabulary knowledge base than their hearing peers and require direct instruction in this area. There are no evidence-based vocabulary instruction strategies for this population. One reason for the lack of an evidence-base is the lack of replication studies. Interactive storybook reading (ISR), storybook reading enhanced through scripted questions and feedback, may be an effective method for teaching vocabulary to DHH children. Up till now, researchers have not conducted replication studies. This study replicates and extends a previous ISR intervention study. We implemented a multiprobe across behaviors single-case experimental design (SCED) and found a functional relation between ISR and expressive picture vocabulary knowledge for all participants. This finding provides additional evidence to support ISR as an effective vocabulary instruction strategy for young DHH children.
Radiographic temporal subtraction analysis can detect finger joint space narrowing progression in rheumatoid arthritis with clinical low disease activity
Authors: Okino Taichi , Kamishima Tamotsu , Lee Sutherland Kenneth , Fukae Jun , Narita Akihiro , Ichikawa Shota , Tanimura Kazuhide
Published: July 2017

Background

Recent papers suggest that finger joints with positive synovial vascularity (SV) assessed by ultrasonography under clinical low disease activity (CLDA) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients may cause joint space narrowing (JSN) progression.

Purpose

To investigate the performance of a computer-based method by directly comparing with the conventional scoring method in terms of the detectability of JSN progression in hand radiography of RA patients with CLDA.

Material and Methods

Fifteen RA patients (13 women, 2 men) with long-term sustained CLDA of >2 years were included. Radiological progression of finger joints was measured or scored using the computer-based method which can detect JSN progression between two radiographic images as the joint space difference index (JSDI), as well as the Genant-modified Sharp score (GSS). We also quantitatively assessed SV of these joints using ultrasonography.

Results

Out of 270 joints, we targeted 259 finger joints after excluding nine damaged joints (four ankylosis, three complete luxation, and two subluxation) and two improved joints according to the GSS results. The JSDI of finger joints with JSN progression was significantly higher than those without JSN progression ( P = 0.018). The JSDI of finger joints with ultrasonographic SV was significantly higher than those without ultrasonographic SV ( P = 0.004). Progression in JSDI showed stronger associations with ultrasonographic SV than progression in GSS (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 7.19 [3.37–15.36] versus 5.84 [2.76–12.33]).

Conclusion

The computer-based method was comparable to the conventional scoring method regarding the detectability of JSN progression in RA patients with CLDA.
The rs10229583 polymorphism near paired box gene 4 is associated with gestational diabetes mellitus in Chinese women
Authors: Xu Tianyi , Shi Yiru , Liu Jiangbo , Liu Yun , Zhu Ailin , Xie Cui , Zhang Yan , Chen Yan , Ren Lirong
Published: July 2017

Objective

The rs10229583 polymorphism near paired box gene 4 ( PAX4) is associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Mutations in the PAX4 gene may be associated with impaired differentiation/development of pancreatic islet beta cells during fetal development and, consequently, a compromised insulin response to high blood glucose. To ascertain whether this polymorphism plays a role in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), we investigated the genotypic and allele frequency differences between GDM and normal pregnancies.

Methods

A total of 310 GDM and 440 normal pregnancies were evaluated. Allele and genotype frequencies of rs10229583 were determined for all participants with Sanger sequencing and SNaPshot. Association of the allele and genotypes of the single nucleotide polymorphism with the disease was analyzed using Pearson’s χ2 test and OR (odds ratio).

Results

The G allele was more frequent in patients with GDM compared with controls (OR = 1.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.12–1.939). The GG genotype frequency of rs10229583 was significantly different between subjects with GDM and normal controls (OR = 1.411, 95% CI: 1.032–1.928). The OR of the GA +  GG genotype was 3.182 (95% CI: 1.294–7.826) for patients with GDM compared with controls.

Conclusion

The present study suggests that rs10229583 is associated with GDM.
Influence of infectious disease seasonality on the performance of the outbreak detection algorithm in the China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System
Authors: Wang Ruiping , Jiang Yonggen , Guo Xiaoqin , Wu Yiling , Zhao Genming
Published: July 2017

Objective

The Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention developed the China Infectious Disease Automated-alert and Response System (CIDARS) in 2008. The CIDARS can detect outbreak signals in a timely manner but generates many false-positive signals, especially for diseases with seasonality. We assessed the influence of seasonality on infectious disease outbreak detection performance.

Methods

Chickenpox surveillance data in Songjiang District, Shanghai were used. The optimized early alert thresholds for chickenpox were selected according to three algorithm evaluation indexes: sensitivity (Se), false alarm rate (FAR), and time to detection (TTD). Performance of selected proper thresholds was assessed by data external to the study period.

Results

The optimized early alert threshold for chickenpox during the epidemic season was the percentile P65, which demonstrated an Se of 93.33%, FAR of 0%, and TTD of 0 days. The optimized early alert threshold in the nonepidemic season was P50, demonstrating an Se of 100%, FAR of 18.94%, and TTD was 2.5 days. The performance evaluation demonstrated that the use of an optimized threshold adjusted for seasonality could reduce the FAR and shorten the TTD.

Conclusions

Selection of optimized early alert thresholds based on local infectious disease seasonality could improve the performance of the CIDARS.
Multicenter study of genetic abnormalities associated with severe oligospermia and non-obstructive azoospermia
Authors: Xie Chong , Chen Xiangfeng , Liu Yulin , Wu Zhengmu , Ping Ping
Published: July 2017

Objective

* Chong Xie, Xiangfeng Chen, and Yulin Liu contributed equally to this work. Genetic defects are identified in nearly 20% of infertile males. Determining the frequency and types of major genetic abnormalities in severe male infertility helps inform appropriate genetic counseling before assisted reproductive techniques.

Methods

Cytogenetic results of 912 patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA) and severe oligozoospermia (SOS) in Eastern China were reviewed in this multicenter study from January 2011 to December 2015. Controls were 215 normozoospermic men with offspring.

Results

Among all patients, 22.6% (206/912) had genetic abnormalities, including 27.3% (146/534) of NOA patients and 15.9% (60/378) of SOS patients. Chromosomal abnormalities (all autosomal) were detected in only 1.9% (4 /215) of controls. In NOA patients, sex chromosomal abnormalities were identified in 25.8% (138/534), of which 8% (43/534) had a 47,XXY karyotype or its mosaic; higher than the SOS group prevalence (1.1%; 4/378). The incidence of Y chromosome microdeletions was lower in the SOS group (13.2%; 50/378) than in the NOA group (17.8%; 95/534).

Conclusions

The high prevalence of genetic abnormalities in our study indicates the importance of routine genetic testing in severe male infertility diagnosis. This may help determine the choice of assisted reproductive technique and allow specific pre-implantation genetic testing to minimize the risk of transmitting genetic defects.
Mortality, intensive care treatment, and cost evaluation: Role of a polymerase chain reaction assay in patients with sepsis
Authors: Andrej Markota , Andreja Sinkovič
Published: July 2017

Objective

We examined whether patients with a positive SeptiFast (SF) assay (LightCycler SeptiFast; Roche Diagnostics, Basel, Switzerland) developed higher long-term mortality, a more difficult course of treatment, and a higher antimicrobial treatment cost than patients with a negative SF assay.

Methods

We performed a post-hoc analysis of data collected in a 1-year prospective interventional study of adults with severe sepsis and septic shock. In addition to the standard treatment, an additional 5 ml of blood was obtained for an SF assay, and the antimicrobial treatment was changed according to the SF results.

Results

We included 57 patients, and the SF assay was positive (SF+) in 10 (17.5%) and negative (SF−) in 47 (82.5%) patients. A trend toward a higher 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year mortality rate was observed in the SF+ group. In the SF+ group, we observed a significantly greater need for second-line vasopressor therapy, a higher initial procalcitonin concentration, and higher maximum C-reactive protein and lactate concentrations. We found no significant differences in cost of antimicrobial treatment between the SF+ and SF− groups.

Conclusions

We observed a trend toward higher long-term mortality and a more difficult course of treatment but no difference in the cost of antimicrobial treatment.
Dramatic response of acute disseminated intravascular coagulation to erlotinib in a patient with lung adenocarcinoma with activating EGFR mutation
Authors: Kim Jung Soo , Ryu Jeong-Seon , Jeon Sang Hoon , Kim Hyun-Jung , Nam Hae-Seong , Cho Jae Hwa , Kwak Seung Min , Lee Hong Lyeol
Published: July 2017

Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) is a commonly encountered clinical situation characterized by thrombotic occlusion or bleeding in patients with lung cancer. DIC in patients with cancer is usually asymptomatic, taking a chronic form as a compensatory mechanism. Although acute DIC in patients with lung cancer is rarely reported, it can be fatal. We herein describe a patient with lung adenocarcinoma with an activating mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene who developed acute DIC after minor surgical excision. The patient’s condition dramatically improved immediately after administration of erlotinib. This report alerts physicians to the occurrence of acute DIC and serves as a reference in treating EGFR mutation-positive lung cancer in patients with DIC.
Vocalizations produced in the second year of life in response to speaking and singing
Authors: Reigado João , Rodrigues Helena
Published: July 2017

We compared infants’ vocalizations produced both in singing and speaking conditions. In this study we collected the vocalizations of 12 infants aged between 12 and 24 months. Each 30-minute session integrated two stimulus conditions – speaking and singing. An acoustic analysis was developed in order to measure both segmental properties and melodic and rhythmic features. The results showed significant differences in the vocalizations to which the two stimulus conditions gave rise: in the duration of the vocalizations and the duration of the phonation, the number of nuclei and the duration of each nucleus present in the vocalizations. In particular, the greater extension of vowels in vocalizations in response to the singing condition seems to be distinctive from those produced in response to the speaking condition. This may reveal that there is a precocious distinction between the singing voice and the speaking voice. The acoustic analysis that we used shows promise in monitoring children’s sequential singing development from early infancy onwards.
The Brief Peer Conflict Scale: Psychometric Properties Among a Sample of Incarcerated Male Juvenile Offenders
Authors: Pechorro Pedro , Russell Justin D. , Ayala-Nunes Lara , Gonçalves Rui Abrunhosa , Nunes Cristina
Published: July 2017

Aggression can be considered a multidimensional construct that influences various forms of antisocial behavior, including juvenile delinquency and conduct problems. The aim of the present study was to assess the psychometric properties of the Brief Peer Conflict Scale–20 item version (PCS-20) among a Portuguese forensic sample (N = 192) of incarcerated male juvenile offenders ( M = 16.62 years; SD = 1.52 years; age range = 13-18 years). The PCS-20 demonstrated good psychometric properties in terms of its four-factor structure, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity that generally justify its use among incarcerated male youth. The findings provide additional support for the extension of the PCS-20 across different cultures, ethnic groups, and samples.
Carbon risk and firm performance: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment
Authors: Nguyen Justin Hung
Published: July 2017

This article examines the effect of carbon risk on firm performance, exploiting the Australia ratification of Kyoto Protocol in December 2007 as an exogenous shock. The article finds that polluters, firms in highest-emitting industries, experience a reduction in financial performance relative to controlling non-polluters subsequent to the ratification, and the effect is more pronounced among financially constrained firms. The results are robust to various definitions of polluters, measures of financial constraints, falsification tests on the timing of the Kyoto adoption and the impact of the Global Financial Crisis. The evidence suggests a negative association between carbon risk and firm performance.
Synthesis of a new insulin-mimetic anti-diabetic drug containing vitamin A and vanadium(IV) salt: Chemico-biological characterizations
Authors: Adam Abdel Majid A , Naglah Ahmed M , Al-Omar Mohamed A , Refat Moamen S
Published: July 2017

Diabetes patients suffer from chronic disorders in the metabolism due to high blood sugar caused by anomalies in insulin excretion. Recently, vanadium compounds have been prepared and functionalized to decrease the level of hyperglycemia. Vitamin A boosts beta cell activity; therefore, the lack of this vitamin plays a role in the development of type 2 diabetes. The aim of this article focused on the synthesis of a new anti-diabetic drug formed from the complexation of a vanadium(IV) salt with vitamin A. Vitamin A acts as a unidentate chelate through the oxygen of its –OH group. The vanadium(IV) compound is surrounded by two vitamin A molecules. The [VO(vitamin A)2(H2O)2] compound was synthesized in a binary solvent system consisting of MeOH/H2O (1:1 ratio) in alkaline media at pH = 8. This compound was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), electronic spectra (UV–vis), effective magnetic moment, electron spin resonance (ESR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG)–differential thermal analysis (DTA)). Anti-diabetic efficiency for the vanadium(IV) compound was assessed in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. The results of the animal studies demonstrate the ability of the vanadium(IV) complex to act as an anti-diabetic agent, as measured by improvements of lipid profile, antioxidant activity (superoxide dismutase), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione, methionine synthase, and kidney and liver functions.
Domestic Outsourcing, Rent Seeking, and Increasing Inequality
Authors: Appelbaum Eileen
Published: July 2017

This paper argues that an important mechanism linking increasing rents and the rising earnings’ inequality among workers with similar skills is the increase in domestic outsourcing and the growth of networked forms of production. This has multiplied contractual relationships and legal claims to profit and rents that reflect interfirm power relations. Firms with the greatest clout are able to claim the largest share of the rents; the weakest struggle to remain viable.
Canadian Guidelines for the Assessment and Diagnosis of Patients with Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
Authors: Addington Donald , Abidi Sabina , Garcia-Ortega Iliana , Honer William G. , Ismail Zahinoor
Published: July 2017

Objective:

The objective of this article is to identify best practices in the diagnosis and assessment of patients with schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders. The diagnosis and assessment may occur in a range of situations from the emergency room to the outpatient clinic and at different stages of the disorder. The focus may be on acute exacerbations of illness, residual symptoms, levels of function, or changes in the response to treatment.

Methods:

A systematic search was conducted for guidelines published in the last 5 years for schizophrenia and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The guidelines were rated by at least 2 raters, and recommendations adopted on the diagnosis and assessment were primarily drawn from the American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the psychiatric evaluation of adults and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence guideline on psychosis and schizophrenia in adults. A number of de novo recommendations were also developed.

Results:

Eleven recommendations were identified that cover a range of assessment situations from diagnosis to the involvement of families in assessments.

Conclusions:

An accurate assessment establishes the baseline for treatment planning based on clinical decision making for both pharmacotherapy and psychosocial treatments.
Beyond Black and White
Authors: Morgan Mark Alden , Wright John Paul
Published: July 2017

Studies have consistently found a significant gap between Black and White students in various forms of school discipline. Few studies, however, have examined disciplinary differences between other racial and ethnic groups. Focusing on out-of-school suspensions, a punishment closely linked to the “school-to-prison pipeline,” we investigate the disparities between Hispanic, Asian, and White youth. Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Kindergarten Class are used to control for contemporary socioeconomic variables, the context of the school environment, and the parent-reported behavior of the student. Through a series of logistic regression models, we found that White students were significantly more likely to be suspended than were Hispanics or Asians. However, while the disparity between Hispanics and Whites was eliminated after controlling for student misbehavior, the gap persisted between Asians and Whites. These results question the contention that systemic racial discrimination is a leading contributor to group differences in school discipline. Moreover, we add to a limited but growing literature showing Asian students are significantly less likely to experience school punishments including suspension.
The Other Green Jobs: Legal Marijuana and the Promise of Consumption-Driven Economic Development
Authors: Doussard Marc
Published: July 2017

Legalizing marijuana at the state level establishes via fiat a new industry. In practice, legal marijuana constitutes a large-scale test of consumption-driven economic development policies, which seek to shape industry and job growth via changes in local spending. Drawing on the critical case of Colorado, I assess the economic development outcomes and future potential of legal marijuana, and evaluate the broader applicability of consumption-driven development processes heretofore confined to the arts and isolated local cases. While most states should be able to replicate Colorado’s import-substitution gains, the most enduring economic benefits to legalization require place amenities that legalization alone cannot provide.
Comparative Outcomes in Children and Adults With Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (anti-NMDA) Receptor Encephalitis
Authors: Gordon-Lipkin Eliza , Yeshokumar Anusha K. , Saylor Deanna , Arenivas Ana , Probasco John C.
Published: July 2017

This study compared neurologic disability and adaptive function in children and adults >1 year following anti- N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (anti-NMDAR) encephalitis diagnosis. Retrospective record review identified 12 patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis. At last follow-up, all surviving patients had “good” modified Rankin Score (0-2). Four children, 6 adults, and their families participated in a telephone interview. Median duration since diagnosis was similar for children (2.42 years, interquartile range 2.12-3.32) and adults (3.55 years, interquartile range 2.08-5.50 years). 3/4 (75%) pediatric and 3/5 (60%) adult patients reported neuropsychiatric symptoms (fatigue, emotional lability, short-term memory deficits or concentration deficits). On the Adaptive Behavior Assessment System (ABAS-3), although overall adaptive function was intact for adults (general adaptive composite standard score: median 104.5, interquartile range 98.8-112.5), the median for children was below average (General Adaptive Composite Standard Score: median 82.0, interquartile range 79.0-89.0). Children with anti-NDMAR encephalitis may have long-term effects impacting daily life while adults regain normal function.
Survey of Nutrition Management Practices in Centers for Pediatric Intestinal Rehabilitation
Authors: Nucci Anita M. , Ellsworth Kipp , Michalski Austin , Nagel Emily , Wessel Jackie ,   on behalf of the ASPEN Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section
Published: July 2017

Background: Nutrition management of pediatric intestinal failure (IF) requires interdisciplinary coordination of parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) support. Nutrition strategies used by specialists in pediatric intestinal rehabilitation to promote gut adaptation and manage complications have not been previously summarized. Methods: A practice survey was distributed to members of the dietitian subgroup of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition Pediatric Intestinal Failure Section. The survey included 24 open‐ended questions related to PN and enteral feeding strategies, nutrition management of PN‐associated liver disease, and laboratory monitoring. Results: Dietitians from 14 centers completed the survey. Management components for patients at risk for cholestasis were consistent and included fat minimization, trace element modification, avoiding PN overfeeding, and providing EN. Parenteral amino acid solutions designed for infants/young children are used in patients <1 or 2 years of age. Trace minerals are dosed individually in 10 of 14 centers. Eleven centers prescribe a continuous infusion of breast milk or elemental formula 1–2 weeks after resection while 3 centers determine the formula type by the extent of resection. Most (86%) centers do not have a protocol for initiating oral/motor therapy. Laboratory panel composition varied widely by center. The selection and frequency of use depended on clinical variables, including cholestatic status, exclusive vs partial PN dependence, postrepletion verification vs routine monitoring, intestinal anatomy, and acuity of care. Conclusion: EN and PN management strategies are relatively consistent among U.S. centers. Collaborative initiatives are necessary to define better practices and establish laboratory monitoring guidelines.
Screening for Traumatic Experiences and Mental Health Distress Among Women in HIV Care in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Yemeke Tatenda T. , Sikkema Kathleen J. , Watt Melissa H. , Ciya Nonceba , Robertson Corne , Joska John A.
Published: July 2017

Traumatic events can negatively affect clinical outcomes among HIV positive women, particularly when those events result in ongoing psychological distress. Consequently, there have been calls to integrate screening and treatment of traumatic experiences and associated mental health disorders into HIV care. In South Africa, screening for traumatic experiences and mental health is not a routine part of HIV care. The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence of traumatic experiences and mental health distress among women in an HIV clinic in Cape Town, South Africa, and to explore the acceptability of routine screening in this setting. Seventy HIV positive women were screened following referral from health care workers in the clinic. Among the participants, 51% reported a history of sexual abuse and 75% reported physical intimate partner violence (physical IPV). Among all participants, 36% met screening criteria for depression; among those with traumatic experiences ( n = 57), 70% met screening criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Compared with reporting no sexual abuse or physical IPV, having experienced both sexual abuse and physical IPV was significantly associated with higher odds of depression, while reporting either sexual abuse or physical IPV individually was not significantly associated with increased odds of depression. Among women reporting sexual abuse, 61% were disclosing their experience for the first time during the screening; 31% of women with physical IPV experience were disclosing for the first time. Overall, 98% of participants thought screening should be routine and extended to all women as part of clinic care. Screening women for sexual abuse and physical IPV may be an important component of ensuring HIV care engagement.
Mediators of the Relationship Between Sexual Assault and Sexual Behaviors in College Women
Authors: Kelley Erika L. , Gidycz Christine A.
Published: July 2017

Some research shows that sexual assault victimization is associated with increased engagement in risky sexual behavior (e.g., intercourse without use of a condom or contraceptives), whereas other research indicates sexual assault victimization is related to sexual aversion. The purpose of the current study was to examine whether posttraumatic stress symptoms, alcohol use, and sexual assertiveness mediated the relationship between adolescent/emerging adulthood sexual assault (ASA) and risky sexual behavior, and whether posttraumatic stress symptoms mediated the relationship between ASA and sexual aversion, among college women. A sample of 462 women from a Midwestern university completed online questionnaires assessing ASA, child sexual abuse (CSA), posttraumatic stress symptoms (i.e., intrusion, avoidance, hyperarousal, and dissociation), alcohol use, sexual assertiveness, risky sexual behavior, and sexual aversion. CSA was considered as a covariate in the mediation models. Results of mediation analyses showed that the relationship between ASA and risky sexual behavior with a new partner was partially mediated by greater alcohol use and lower sexual assertiveness and that the relationship between ASA and risky sexual behavior with a regular partner was partially mediated by greater alcohol use. Results of a model examining mediators of ASA and sexual aversion detected no significant mediators. Results suggest that college women with a history of ASA would benefit from psychoeducation on the effect of alcohol on sexual decision-making, as well as from sexual assertiveness skills training, to reduce potential risks associated with risky sexual behaviors, particularly with lesser known partners, including sexually transmitted infections and sexual revictimization.
Are Sexual Minorities More at Risk? Bullying Victimization Among Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Questioning Youth
Authors: Kahle Lindsay
Published: July 2017

Bullying has garnered the attention of researchers and policy makers alike, because of various negative physical, mental, and educational outcomes that stem from these experiences. Certain youth are more at risk for bullying victimization (ASPA, 2012). Thus, research highlighting and addressing these experiences is crucial to provide safer environments for youth. This study utilizes the 2013 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS) data to investigate whether or not experiences of victimization differ for lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) youth. Drawing from a sample of 12,642 9th through 12th grade youth, this study investigates two primary areas: (a) the prevalence of traditional bullying, electronic bullying, and homophobic bullying victimizations among LGBQ youth, and (b) the interaction of sexual orientation and gender with traditional bullying, electronic bullying, and homophobic bullying victimizations. Results suggest that LGBQ youth experience all types of bullying victimization at higher rates than heterosexual youth. Results also highlight the importance of the interaction of sexual orientation and gender in bullying victimization. Findings reveal that LGBQ females, LGBQ males, and heterosexual females experience each type of victimization at higher rates than heterosexual males. Findings confirm that disparities exist in bullying victimization among LGBQ youth, and thus cannot be ignored in schools. School policies must explicitly acknowledge and address how sexual orientation and gender matter within the constructs of youth violence if they wish to create safer learning environments for youth.
Prior Interpersonal Violence Exposure and Experiences During and After a Disaster as Predictors of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depression Among Adolescent Victims of the Spring 2011 Tornadoes
Authors: Resnick Heidi , Zuromski Kelly L. , Galea Sandro , Price Matthew , Gilmore Amanda K. , Kilpatrick Dean G. , Ruggiero Kenneth
Published: July 2017

The purpose of the current report was to examine prior history of exposure to interpersonal violence (IPV), as compared with prior accident or prior disaster exposure, experiences during and after a disaster, and demographic variables as predictors of past month posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression severity among adolescents exposed to the tornadoes in Alabama and Missouri. IPV exposure has been consistently identified as a unique category of potentially traumatic events (PTE) that significantly increases risk for development of PTSD and other difficulties relative to other event types among adolescents. A population-based sample of adolescents and caregivers ( N = 2,000) were recruited randomly from tornado-affected communities in Alabama and Joplin, Missouri. Participants completed structured telephone interviews on an average of 8.8 months posttornado. Prior history of IPV was prevalent (36.5%), as was reported history of accidents (25.9%) and prior disaster exposure (26.9%). Negative binomial regression analyses with PTSD and depression symptom counts for past month as outcome variables indicated that history of predisaster IPV was most robustly related to PTSD and depression symptoms, such that those with a history of IPV endorsed over 3 times the number of symptoms than those without IPV history. Final model statistics indicated that female gender, physical injury to caregiver, concern about others’ safety, prior disaster, prior accident, and prior IPV exposure were also related to PTSD. Predictors of depression symptoms were similar with the exception that concern about others’ safety was not a predictor and age was a predictor in the final model. It is important to evaluate potential additive effects of IPV history in addition to recent disaster exposure variables and to consider such history when developing interventions aimed to reduce or prevent symptoms of PTSD and depression among adolescents recently exposed to disaster.
A Preliminary Examination of Negative Life Events and Sexual Assault Victimization as Predictors of Psychological Functioning in Female College Students: Does One Matter More Than the Other?
Authors: Chang Edward C. , Lee Jerin , Morris Lily E. , Lucas Abigael G. , Chang Olivia D. , Hirsch Jameson K.
Published: July 2017

The present study examined negative life events (NLEs) and sexual assault victimization as predictors of positive and negative psychological functioning in a sample of 151 female college students. Results obtained from conducting regression analyses indicated several notable patterns. NLEs, compared with sexual assault victimization, were a stronger negative predictor of positive functioning based on indices related to subjective well-being (e.g., life satisfaction, positive affect). Alternatively, sexual assault victimization, compared with NLEs, was a stronger positive predictor of negative functioning based on indices related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (e.g., anxiety) and related conditions (e.g., alcohol use). Furthermore, both NLEs and sexual assault victimization were found to be positive predictors of negative functioning based on indices related to suicide risk (e.g., depressive symptoms, suicidal behaviors). Overall, our findings indicate that both NLEs and sexual assault victimization represent important and distinct predictors of psychological functioning in female college students.
A Qualitative Study of Intimate Partner Violence From a Cognitive-Behavioral Perspective
Authors: Ager Richard D.
Published: July 2017

There is growing interest in the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) to intimate partner violence (IPV) as a companion or possibly preferred approach to the Duluth model. The literature includes descriptions of adaptions of cognitive-behavioral (CB) treatment to IPV and even some treatment outcome studies. Yet, these adaptions are not typically grounded in the empirical examination of IPV focusing on phenomena specifically relevant to CB theory. The aim of this qualitative inquiry was to examine IPV from a CB perspective to lay the foundation for related treatment and research. Twelve heterosexual victims residing in shelters completed structured audiotaped interviews focusing on CB phenomena, that is, the cognitions, behaviors, feelings, interactions, and conditions victims experienced before, during, and after an IPV incident. Transcripts were coded and analyzed to develop a comprehensive categorized list of discrete IPV phenomena over time. Among the findings relating to violent incidents was indication that despite the progression of abuse that compel couples uncontrollably toward a violent episode, partners often engage in numerous preventive actions that turn out to be ineffective. The findings are ultimately intended to lay the groundwork for an instrument that can more accurately and comprehensively measure IPV phenomena emphasizing CB core concepts. Such a tool could be of benefit to CB therapists and researchers seeking to understand, identify, and target IPV behaviors.
The Impact of Perpetrator Characteristics on the Completion of a Partner Abuse Intervention Program
Authors: Mach Jami L. , Cantos Arthur L. , Weber Emily N. , Kosson David S.
Published: July 2017

This study examined how type of perpetrator (family only [FO] vs. generally violent [GV]), readiness to change, and stake in conformity function separately and together in predicting completion of a partner abuse intervention program (PAIP). Data were collected from 192 male perpetrators of intimate partner violence (IPV) who were court mandated to attend a PAIP. Participants were categorized as FO violent or GV based on a combination of their self-report and official records of violence. Stake in conformity has been defined as the degree to which an individual is invested in the values and institutions of a society. A composite stake in conformity score was computed for each participant based on his education level, and marital and employment status. Each participant was also assigned a stage of change score based on his responses on a validated measure of stage of change for domestic violence perpetrators. Analyses indicated that stage of change was not related to program completion or attendance. Type of perpetrator and stake in conformity composite score were significantly related to program completion. Perpetrators with higher stake in conformity scores and individuals categorized as FO attended more PAIP sessions and were more likely to complete the program. When both predictors were examined together, only stake in conformity composite score uniquely predicted program attendance and completion. These findings provide additional evidence that subtype of IPV perpetrator has implications for treatment responsiveness and provide preliminary evidence for the value of improved measurement of investment in societal institutions.