bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of oropharynx cancer caused by HPV compared with genital cancer
Authors: Resende Rafaela Guimarães , Krinski Fernanda Garcia , Giovanini Allan Fernando
Published: July 2018

Introduction: For a long time, the literature has established that HPV may be associated to pharynx cancer. Objective: To verify the number of publications in three different databases on the prevalence of oral, esophageal, penile, and cervical-vaginal cancer associated with HPV. Material and methods: The publications were verified in Pubmed, Lilacs, and Bireme databases; the keywords “mouth cancer”, “esophageal cancer”, “penile cancer”, and “cervical vaginal cancer”were associated with HPV. Data were tabulated in absolute numbers. Results: In all databases, the number of cervical carcinoma was much larger than that of other cancers. Conclusion: The number of cervical cancer was the most found associated with HPV because of the histological and specific functional conditions of this site.
Split crest technique: a solution for atrophic anterior maxilla – case report
Authors: Delai Vanessa Marques , Savaris Leonardo Brunet , Furquim Fábio , Camati Paulo Roberto , Sebastiani Aline Monise , Deliberador Tatiana Miranda , Scariot Rafaela , Zielak João César
Published: July 2018

Introduction: The rehabilitation of atrophic anterior maxilla can be done by different techniques. Among the procedures for bone augmentation, we can use block grafting, guided bone regeneration, and split crest technique (SCT). SCT consists in bone crest osteotomy, followed by manual/mechanical expansion up to the splitting of the buccal plate from the lingual/palatal plate through greenstick fracture. SCT advantage is the possibility of simultaneously installing a dental implant. However, SCT planning should consider the remaining bone width and the the flap type to obtain success. Objective: To report a case of implant-supported rehabilitation of an atrophic anterior maxilla using the split crest technique with insertion of 4 immediate implants, showing the effectiveness of the technique.
Oral health profile of schoolers attended at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinics of the Federal University of Uberlândia
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius Rodrigues de , Ferreira Danielly Cunha Araújo , Castro Alessandra Maia de , Oliveira Fabiana Sodré de
Published: July 2018

Introduction and Objective: To characterize the socioeconomic profile, the need for dental treatment of children from zero to 12 years of age attended at Pediatric Dentistry Clinics. Material and methods: We evaluated 552 dental records and verified the child’s birth date, frequency of procedures performed according to tooth type and number of appointments. Results: The results showed that 265 (48.01%) children were females and 287 (51.99%) males, witha mean age of 4 years (±7.5). Of the total, 168 (30.43%) were from families with family income of 1 to 2 minimum wages. A total of 279 (50.54%) children were attended in 2009, 123 (22.29%) in 2010, 150 (27.17%) in 2009/2010. There were 3,350 visits, where 1,833 teeth (1,447 deciduous and 386 permanent) were treated. Of the total number of procedures performed (946), 620 were preventive and 1,326 curative procedures. There was a difference between the preventive and curative procedures performed. Conclusion: Itwas concluded that most of the children attended were infants and preschool children, belonging to families with low socioeconomic status and the deciduous dentition received the greater number of curative procedures.
A Comprehensive Review on Ethnomedicinal, Pharmacological and Phytochemical Basis of Anticancer Medicinal Plants of Pakistan
Authors: Akhtar Muhammad Furqan , Saleem Ammara , Alamgeer  , Saleem Mohammad
Published: July 2018

The widespread emergence of cancer and development of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is increasing the interest of scientists in the use of ethnomedicinal preparations and isolated phytochemicals in the treatment and prevention of disease. Medicinal plants have been used in Pakistan since prehistoric times.  The present review was designed to identify anticancer plants of ethnomedicinal significance and to summarize the anticancer activities carried out on these medicinal plants to establish the pharmacological and phytochemical basis of their use.  Pakistani anticancer medicinal plants of ethnopharmacological significance were reviewed. Conservation status, worldwide distribution and ethno-botanical preparations of these medicinal plants were also tabulated. These medicinal plants and their isolated phytochemicals were also explored for their anticancer activities.  It was revealed that there were 108 anticancer medicinal plants used to treat different neoplastic conditions on the folklore basis throughout Pakistan. Among these anticancer plants, 64 plants were found to be investigated previously for anticancer activity through in vivo and in vitro methods. Several ethnomedicinal plants have been validated for their anticancer activities through in vitro and animal models. These medicinal plants and phytochemicals resulted in the inhibition of initiation, progression or metastasis of neoplasm. Some medicinal plants (10) are endangered species.  Half of folkloric Pakistani plants have been validated for use against various cancers through in vitro or in vivo methods. It is necessary to carry out further pharmacological and toxicological evaluation of these folkloric anticancer plants of Pakistan. It is also necessary to identify and isolate further potential phytochemicals so as to be evaluated in cancer patients.
Contraception: Influence on Vaginal Microbiota and Identification of Vaginal Lactobacilli Using MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA Sequencing
Authors: Fosch Sonia E. , Ficoseco Cecilia A. , Marchesi Antonella , Cocucci Silvina , Nader-Macias Maria E. F. , Perazzi Beatriz E.
Published: July 2018

Background:

The vaginal microbiome is influenced by a wide variety of factors, including contraceptive methods.

Aim:

To evaluate the effect of contraceptive methods on vaginal microbiota and to compare MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequencing for lactobacilli identification.

Patients and Methods:

One hundred and one (101) women consulting for birth control were included in a prospective study. Their vaginal content was sampled and analyzed once before they started using the contraceptive method of their choice, and twice after the initiation of contraception, at three months (94/101 women attended) and at six months (89/101 women attended). The relative frequencies of yeasts and trichomonas were analyzed. MALDI-TOF MS and 16S rDNA sequence analysis were applied for the identification of lactobacilli in their vaginal microbiota. The following contraceptive methods were assessed: Combined Oral Contraceptive Pill (COCP), Condom (CON) and The Rhythm Method (RHYT). McNemar’s statistical test was applied.

Results:

A statistically significant association between COCP and normal microbiota was observed after three months (p< 0.01) and after six months (p< 0.0001), when the vaginal microbiota was modified. At six months, inflammatory reaction was detected in 3/7 women in the CON group, while 6/7 patients using RHYT showed the same state. Yeast colonization increased with the COCP. Identification of lactobacilli by MALDI-TOF MS analysis compared to 16S rDNA sequencing yielded 92.9% concordant results.Lactobacillus gasseriandL. crispatuswere the predominant species.

Conclusion:

The pattern of vaginal states was significantly modified. Hormone administration apparently corrected the alterations and retained a normal vaginal state. MALDI-TOF MS has the potential of being an accurate tool for the identification of vaginal lactobacilli speciesL. murinuswas for the first time isolated from the vagina.
Membrana celular y la inespecificidad de las nanopartículas. ¿Hasta dónde puede llegar un nanomaterial dentro de la célula?
Authors: Rodriguez-Hernandez Ana Guadalupe , Aguilar Guzmán J. C. , Vázquez-Duhalt R.
Published: July 2018

Resumen:

En la actualidad, estamos en contacto con una gran variedad de nanopartículas de uso industrial ya sea como residuo por los procesos de manufactura o como los empleados en productos de uso cotidiano. Estos inevitablemente entraran en el organismo atravesando diversas barreras naturales (como la piel o los epitelios intestinales o respiratorios) e interactuaran con diferentes tipos de células. Los mecanismos de interacción son tan variados e incluso pueden verse influenciados en función del tipo de nanoparticula y su naturaleza química.

Abstract

Nowadays we are in direct contact to different sort of industrial nanoparticles, which can be produced either consequence of manufacture process or incorporated to products of personal use. They finally go into organism through skin or epithelium (intestinal or alveolar). The cell´s interaction can be influenced by nanoparticle properties such as shape, size and chemical composition.
Improving students’ metacognitive awareness through implementing learning journal
Authors: Nurajizah Ulfa , Windyariani Sistiana , Setiono Setiono
Published: July 2018

The process of learning and understanding of science has relevance to the level of metacognitive awareness. The purpose of this study was to find out whether the use of learning journals have an effect on students' metacognitive awareness. This study was quasi-experimental research with non-equivalent pretest-posttest control group design. The subjects of this study were second semester of VII grade students of State Junior High School 5 of Sukabumi in 2017-2018 academic year. Metacoginitive awareness was measured by using Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI). The data obtained from pretest and posttest were calculated into N-gain score. These data were analyzed by using independent t-test. The results showed that N-gain score for metacognitive awareness in experimental and control class were 0.70 and 0.22 in sequence. Meanwhile, the t-test results indicated that there was a significant difference between learning by using learning journals and without using learning journal in increasing students' metacognitive awareness. It showed that students metacognitive awareness in the experimental class were better than the control class. It can be suggested that implementing learning journal is potential media in improving students’ metacognitive awareness.
Factores psicosociales y hábitos asociados con dispepsia funcional en internos de un hospital nacional en Piura, Perú
Authors: Mejía Christian , Quezada-Osoria Claudia , Verastegui-Díaz Araselli , Cárdenas Matlin , García-Moreno Katerine , Quiñones-Laveriano Dante
Published: July 2018

Objetivos: determinar los factores psicosociales y hábitos asociados con dispepsia funcional (DF) en inter- nos de medicina en el Hospital de Apoyo II-2 de Sullana, Piura. Métodos: estudio longitudinal prospectivo desarrollado en 24 internos de medicina. Se tomaron 5 encuestas, 1 basal antes de iniciar el internado médi- co y al finalizar cada rotación. Se usó la prueba (o test) “A new questionnaire for the diagnosis of dyspepsia” para el diagnóstico de DF; además, todas las pruebas utilizadas fueron validadas. Para el análisis bivariado y multivariado, se utilizó el PA-GEE, usando la familia binomial y función de enlace log, obteniendo riesgos relativos crudos (RRc) y ajustados (RRa) y sus intervalos de confianza al 95%. Resultados: la edad prome- dio fue de 24,1 años (±1,4); el 58% (14) fueron mujeres. La prevalencia de dispepsia en el internado fue del 32%. El tener ansiedad (p <0,001; RRa: 5,9; IC 95%: 2,88-12,13) o depresión (p = 0,015; RRa: 3,4; IC 95%: 1,27-9,29) fueron factores de riesgo para padecer DF; el obtener una nota mejor al finalizar las rotaciones fue un factor protector (p = 0,020; RRa: 0,8; IC 95%: 0,71-0,97), ajustado por tener irritabilidad, y el consumo de bebidas energizantes. Conclusiones: según los datos evaluados, aquellos que cursen con algún trastorno psicosocial durante el internado están predispuestos a sufrir mayores riesgos para enfermedades gastroin- testinales, por lo que las instituciones deben tener programas de detección y vigilancia de estas patologías.
Esteatosis hepática no alcohólica y factores de riesgo cardiovascular en atención primaria
Authors: Sahuquillo Martínez Alicia , Solera Albero Juan , Rodríguez Montes José , Celada Rodríguez Angel , Tarraga Marcos Loreto , Tárraga López Pedro
Published: July 2018

Varias circunstancias motivan el creciente interés por la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica (EHNA): la elevada prevalencia de la enfermedad en el mundo occidental, su capacidad de progresión a formas histológicas más agresivas y su asociación con enfermedades que incrementan el riesgo cardiovascular. Objetivo: analizar la relación de la esteatosis hepática no alcohólica con los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con criterios de síndrome metabólico. Método: fue realizado un estudio descriptivo transversal con una muestra de 100 pacientes, con 2 o más factores de riesgo cardiovascular, con nula o baja ingesta de alcohol, que acudían a consulta de atención primaria. A los seleccionados se les solicitó analítica completa e interconsulta para ecografía de abdomen completo. Se evaluó si tenían esteatosis hepática; en caso de ser afirmativo, se estratificaba en 3 grados. Se recogieron las siguientes variables tanto cualitativas (sexo, antecedentes per- sonales y familiares de diabetes, hipertensión arterial, dislipidemia, entre otros) y cuantitativas (edad, peso, talla, índice de masa corporal, tratamiento farmacológico, cifras de distintos parámetros analíticos, cifras de tensión arterial y perímetro abdominal). Resultados: participaron 100 pacientes, 56% de los cuales eran mujeres, con una edad media de 61,84 DE ± 9,5 años. Del total de sujetos del estudio, el 23 % no tenía estea- tosis hepática no alcohólica; un 29% tenía esteatosis hepática leve; otro 29%, esteatosis hepática moderada; y el 19% restante, esteatosis hepática severa. En los hombres, el 82% presentó esteatosis hepática. De las mujeres, el 28,57% no presentó hígado graso. Un 22% tenía sobrepeso y un 38% de los pacientes eran obesos. Solo un 22% y un 18% tenían alteradas las cifras tensionales sistólica y diastólica, respectivamente. El 60% tenía una glucemia basal alterada. En cuanto a los parámetros lipídicos, el 36% tenía hipertrigliceride- mia; el 41%, hipercolesterolemia, con un 65% de colesterol LDL alto y un 16% de colesterol HDL bajo. El 83% de los pacientes tenía 2 o más criterios de síndrome metabólico. Conclusiones: hay una estrecha relación entre la aparición de esteatosis hepática no alcohólica y los factores de riesgo cardiovascular en pacientes con síndrome metabólico, por lo que se recomienda que, ante la aparición de estos, se analice el hígado.
Algoritmos útiles para el diagnóstico histopatológico de la enfermedad hepática con base en los patrones de daño hepático
Authors: López Panqueva Rocio del Pilar
Published: July 2018

En los anteriores artículos, se revisaron las patologías hepáticas más frecuentes desde el punto de vista morfológico y la importancia de una adecuada correlación, para lograr un mejor entendimiento entre clínicos y patólogos. El ejercicio que se hará a continuación, se basa en establecer una aproximación al diagnóstico histopatológico de algunas de las patologías hepáticas a las que se les realiza biopsias con mayor frecuencia, teniendo en cuenta algoritmos basados en patrones de daño hepático.
Factores clínicos y demográficos asociados con la supervivencia de los pacientes mayores de 14 años con trasplante hepático, en el hospital universitario de San Vicente Fundación, 2002 a 2013
Authors: Londoño Juan Fernando , Agudelo Yuli , Guevara Gonzalo , Cardona Doris
Published: July 2018

Las enfermedades hepáticas terminales presentan altas tasas de incidencia y prevalencia en el mundo, con más de 800000 muertes anuales (1). La indicación para una patología hepática avanzada es el trasplante. El avance en la técnica quirúrgica, la adecuada selección de donantes y receptores y el desarrollo de la inmunosupresión (2), han permitido que el trasplante sea la mejor opción para pacientes con enfermedad he- pática terminal. Teniendo en cuenta todos los órganos, para el año 2013 el Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación (HUSVF) fue el primer centro trasplantador del país (3); como carecía de información para explicar la supervivencia de los pacientes trasplantados, decidió adelantar esta investigación. De esa manera, realizó un estudio cuantitativo, con seguimiento a una cohorte y análisis de supervivencia. Allí se incluyeron todos los trasplantes hepáticos realizados en el hospital entre 2002 y 2013. Además, se aplicó un instrumento para determinar la supervivencia a uno y cinco años y los factores que las explican. Analizados 391 trasplantes, la supervivencia a uno y cinco años fue de 86,6% y 79,3%, respectivamente. La supervivencia a un año se explica por la clasificación CHILD, el valor del sodio prequirúrgico y el tiempo de estancia en UCI. A cinco años no se encontraron factores con significancia estadística para explicar la supervi- vencia. Se llevó a cabo un análisis para determinar los factores que explican la mortalidad postrasplante; y se encontró que la clasificación CHILD y el valor del sodio prequirúrgico explican la mortalidad a un año. Ninguna de las variables seleccionadas arrojó significancia estadística para explicar la mortalidad a cinco años.
Esófago en martillo neumático (Jackhammer), serie de casos y revisión del tema
Authors: Prieto Robín Germán , Gómez Venegas Álvaro Andrés , Hani de Ardila Albis Cecilia
Published: July 2018

El esófago en martillo neumático (Jackhammer) es un trastorno peristáltico de hipercontractilidad, que de acuerdo con la clasificación de Chicago v.2 se define manométricamente como la presencia de una onda de amplitud y velocidad alta; es decir, con una integral de contractibilidad distal (ICD) superior a 8000 mm Hg/ cm/s. Presentamos una serie de cinco pacientes con esófago en martillo neumático que fueron estudiados con manometría esofágica de alta resolución (MAR); recopilamos sus variables clínicas y manométricas. Los casos correspondieron a tres hombres y dos mujeres entre 41 y 73 años de edad. En 3 de ellos se había realizado el diagnóstico de enfermedad por reflujo gastroesofágico, y presentaban síntomas de disfagia, pirosis y regurgitación. El principal hallazgo endoscópico fue la presencia de una hernia hiatal y presbiesófago (2 de 5 pacientes). En todos ellos se realizó MAR que demostró la presencia de una y hasta 4 ondas con ICD superior a 8000 mm Hg/cm/s. Además, la presencia de ondas multipico en 3 de los 5 pacientes, aunque, de acuerdo con la nueva clasificación de Chicago v.3, se requiere la presencia de dos ondas con ICD superior a 8.000 mm Hg/cm/s. Se debe resaltar que aún no se cuenta con equipos disponibles que interpreten a MAR y permitan clasificar los trastornos esofágicos por Chicago v.3, y es por esto que en nuestra unidad de fisiología aún reportamos la MAR con la clasificación previa. Concluimos que el esófago en martillo neumático es una patología con clínica variada que va desde disfagia y dolor torácico hasta síntomas por ERGE, cuyo diagnóstico debe ser confirmado por MAR.
Teaching English Language at SSC Level in Private Non-Elite Schools in Pakistan: Practices and Problems
Authors: Fareed Dr. Muhammad , Jawed Saniya , Awan Sidra
Published: July 2018

English language is taught as a compulsory subject up to graduate level in Pakistani educational system. Despite studying English for over 14 years, majority of students coming from non-elite schools, lack required command in English language skills to pursue their higher education and professional careers. With this background in mind, the current research focused on teaching English reading and writing skills and the problems faced while teaching these skills at Secondary School Certificate (SSC) level in private non-elite schools in Karachi. The sample of the study comprised 20 SSC level students, 12 SSC level English language teachers of non-elite private schools and 5 student notebooks. Data were collected through open-ended questionnaires, group interviews and notebook analysis. Data were examined using thematic analysis. The findings revealed that teaching English language reading practices include reading the text aloud, translating the chapter, providing the central idea and meanings of difficult words to the students. The major problems faced by the teachers in teaching reading skills are learners’ lack of interest in reading, lack of concentration and low reading comprehension skills. The study also revealed practices of teaching writing skills such as provision of model texts and relevant vocabulary items. The major problems while teaching writing skills are lack of pre-writing activities, learners’ deficient command over vocabulary, grammar, spellings and punctuation, lengthy syllabus and limited time.
The beginning of the Sino-Soviet Split: two different approaches
Authors: CROITOR Mihai
Published: July 2018

The emergence of the Sino-Soviet split and implicitly the contestation of the ideological primacy of the Kremlin would have a negative impact on the unity of the Communist monolith. Both sides will relate differently to the events that had contributed to the tensioning of the Sino-Soviet relations, trying to underline the legitimacy of their own interpretation. Based on unpublished documents from the Romanian archives, this article aims to analyze the main views promoted by the USSR and China towards the emergence of the Sino-Soviet split, while trying at the same time to capture, on the basis of declassified documents, the elements omitted by both sides in explaining their own position.
Rezumat: Emergența rupturii sino-sovietice și, implicit, contestarea primatului ideologic al Kremlinului aveau să se repercuteze negativ asupra unității monolitului comunist. Ambele părți se vor raporta în mod diferit la evenimentele care au contribuit la tensionarea relațiilor sino-sovietice, încercând să sublinieze legitimitatea propriei interpretări. Bazat pe documente inedite din arhivele românești, prezentul articol își propune o analiză a principalelor poziții promovate de către URSS și China față de emergența rupturii sino-sovietice, încercând în același timp să surprindă, pe baza documentelor declasificate, care au fost elementele omise de către ambele părți în explicarea propriei poziții.
Cuvinte-cheie: marxism-leninism, Nikita S. Hrușciov, Mao Zedong, Stalin, ruptura sino-sovietică, comunism.
IS INTENTIONALITY A BETTER CONCEPT THAN TELEOLOGY TO DESCRIBE BIOLOGICAL INDIVIDUAL BEHAVIOR?
Authors: AYBAR Raphael
Published: July 2018

The author proposes that the phenomenological concept of intentionality is consistent with the idea that the living organism is structurally coupled with its environment, as stated by the theory of Autopoiesis of Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela. This theory affirms that living organisms produce themselves as systems in response to the disturbances they experience in their environments, and takes their responses as primordial cognitive acts. It is argued that their responses are intentional since they are elemental ways of standing in a world. In the first part, it is explained what Autopoiesis is, how cognition works in living organisms, and what structural coupling is. In the second part, it is stated that living organisms cannot be understood in mechanistic terms since they respond to a teleology inherent to intentional beings. In the last part, it is discussed how structural coupling and intentionality are analogous, and why intentionality is more comprehensive concept than teleology to describe the structure of individual organisms.
SUBJECT BODY AND EXPERIENCE IN PHENOMENOLOGICAL PHILOSOPHY
Authors: HAINIC Codruța
Published: July 2018

Applying phenomenological philosophy to psychology means to focus on people’s perception of the world. Ultimately, this revolves around people’s lived experiences. My aim is to identify how philosophical phenomenology can contribute to the development of empirical and hermeneutical methods regarding psychological phenomena. I submit that it does so by analysing the existential dimension and the meaning of human experiences, as they spontaneously occur in the flow of daily life. The first step is to think the body in a subjective way, as a phenomenal, lived body, and to see in what way individual experiences can be linked. Subsequently, I investigate how experiencers occur in space, and show that, unlike things, they must obtain access to space and to self-localization in space in order to be experientially in it.
JUNG AND EXISTENTIALISM
Authors: BOLEA Ștefan
Published: July 2018

In the following paper I will argue that there are interesting connections between the founder of analytical psychology, Carl Gustav Jung, and the school of existentialism. Analytical psychology and existentialism share almost the same Zeitgeist (becoming influential between the 1930’s and 1960’s) and are both interested in the concept of individuality. I would like to follow the liaison between Jung and existentialism regarding authenticity and death. First of all, the concept of authenticity deserves extensive treatment. Heidegger’s Das Man and Sartre’s mauvaise foi have an interesting companion in Jung’s notion of the persona, the psychological concept of the mask. Second of all, existentialist authenticity can be compared to the Jungian integration of the shadow. Moreover, the concept of death (Heidegger’s Sein-zum-Tode) can be compared with Jung’s understanding of death from The Red Book.
Role of nitric oxide synthase on brain GABA transaminase activity and GABA levels
Authors: Vega Rasgado Lourdes A. , Reyes Guillermo Ceballos , Vega Díaz Fernando
Published: July 2018

In an attempt to clarify the controversial role of nitric oxide (NO) in seizures, the effects of NO on brain GABA transaminase (GABA-T) activity and GABA levels were investigated. To this aim, the effects of the substrate (l-arginine) and inhibitors (Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, 7-nitroindazole) of NO synthase (NOS) on GABA-T activity and GABA levels in vitro and ex vivo were analyzed. In vitro NO diminished GABA-T activity and increased GABA. Ex vivo NO modified GABA-T activity and GABA levels biphasically. Inhibition of endothelial and neuronal NOS (eNOS and nNOS) had opposite effects on GABA-T activity and GABA levels, even during seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole. Different effects of NO on GABA-T activity and on GABA levels, depending on the NOS isoform involved, may explain its contradictory role in seizures, the endothelial NOS acting as an anticonvulsant and the neuronal NOS as a proconvulsant. nNOS inhibitors may represent a new generation of antiepileptics.
Analysis of diclofenac in water samples using in situ derivatization-vortex-assisted liquid-liquid microextraction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
Authors: Aydin Senar , Aydin Mehmet Emin , Beduk Fatma , Tekinay Arzu , Kilic Havva
Published: July 2018

A novel micro-extraction technique for a rapid and sensitive analysis of diclofenac (DCF) in water samples has been developed. DCF was derivatized and extracted simultaneously using vortex-assisted liquid-liquid micro-extraction (VALLME) prior to gas chromatography with mass spectrometry detection. The effects of extraction solvent volume, extraction and derivatization time and ionic strength of the sample were studied using 23 factorial experimental design. The optimum extraction conditions were as follows: 200 μL of chloroform, 25 μL of N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyl-trifluoroacetamide (MSTFA) derivatization reagent, vortex extraction and derivatization time 5 min at 3000 rpm. The extraction recovery for different fortification levels was 98 %. Also, the proposed micro-extraction method exhibited results comparable with the solid phase extraction of real water samples. The proposed one-step VALLME and derivatization method is simpler and faster than the conventional extraction and derivatization methods used for the determination of DCF in real water samples.
Enhancement of ketoconazole dissolution rate by the liquisolid technique
Authors: Molaei Mir-Ali , Osouli-Bostanabad Karim , Adibkia Khosro , Shokri Javad , Asnaashari Solmaz , Javadzadeh Yousef
Published: July 2018

The study was conducted to enhance the dissolution rate of ketoconazole (KCZ) (a poorly water-soluble drug) using the liquisolid technique. Microcrystalline cellulose, colloidal silica, PEG400 and polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) were employed as a carrier, coating substance, nonvolatile solvent and additive in the KCZ liquisolid compact formulation, respectively. The drug-to-PEG400 and carrier-to-coating ratio variations, PVP concentration and aging effects on the in vitro release behavior were assessed. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) data revealed no alterations in the crystalline form of the drug and the KCZ-excipient interactions within the process. The load factor and the drug release rate were significantly enhanced compared to directly compressed tablets in the presence of the additive. Increasing the PEG400-to-drug ratio in liquid medications enhanced the dissolution rate remarkably. The dissolution profile and hardness of liquisolid compacts were not significantly altered by keeping the tablets at 40 °C and relative humidity of 75 % for 6 months. With the proposed modification of the liquisolid process, it is possible to obtain flowable, compactible liquisolid powders of high-dose poorly-water soluble drugs with an enhanced dissolution rate.
Pyrrolizine-5-carboxamides: Exploring the impact of various substituents on anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities
Authors: Gouda Ahmed M. , Abdelazeem Ahmed H. , Abdalla Ashraf N. , Ahmed Muhammad
Published: July 2018

Towards optimization of the pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide scaffold, a novel series of six derivatives (4a-c and 5a-c) was prepared and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, analgesic and anticancer activities. The (EZ)-7-cyano-6-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)amino)-N-(p-tolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide (4b) and (EZ)-6-((4-chlorobenzylidene)-amino)-7-cyano-N-(p-tolyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide (5b) bearing the electron donating methyl group showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity while (EZ)-6-((4-chlorobenzylidene)amino)-7-cyano-N-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide (5a) was the most active analgesic agent. Cytotoxicity of the new compounds was evaluated against the MCF-7, A2780 and HT29 cancer cell lines using the MTT assay. Compounds 4b and 5b displayed high anticancer activity with IC
50 in the range of 0.30–0.92 μmol L−1 against the three cell lines, while compound (EZ)-N-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-cyano-6-((4-hydroxybenzylidene)-amino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrolizine-5-carboxamide (4c) was the most active against MCF-7 cells (IC
50 = 0.08 μmol L−1). Both the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities of the new compounds were dependent on the type of substituent on the phenyl rings. Substituents with opposite electronic effects on the two phenyl rings are preferable for high cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 and A2780 cells. COX inhibition was suggested as the molecular mechanism of the anti-inflammatory activity of the new compounds while no clear relationship could be observed between COX inhibition and anticancer activity. Compound 5b, the most active against the three cell lines, induced dose-dependent early apoptosis with 0.1–0.2 % necrosis in MCF-7 cells. New compounds showed promising drug-likeness scores while the docking study revealed high binding affinity to COX-2. Taken together, this study highlighted the significant impact of the substituents on the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of pyrrolizine-5-carboxamides, which could help in further optimization to discover good leads for the treatment of cancer and inflammation.
In vivo investigation of antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive effects of peat formulations
Authors: Zagorchev Plamen Ivanov , Apostolova Elisaveta Georgieva , Pilicheva Bissera Asenova , Draganova-Filipova Milena Nenkova , Kokova Vesela Yulieva , Lukanov Julian Borisov
Published: July 2018

The aim of this study is to evaluate the antihyperalgesic and antinociceptive effects of two formulations containing peat water extracts using a model of carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia, combined with a test with a mechanical stimulus, and a hot plate test. Rats were divided into seven groups (n = 6) and received local treatment with two peat formulations and two diclofenac formulations dissolved in carbopol gel and Wolff® basis creme, respectively. Carbopol gel, Wolff® basis creme and 0.9 % NaCl without tested substances were used as controls. Both peat formulations exerted an unambiguous antihyperalgesic effect 60 minutes after the treatment. In the hot plate test, the rats treated with the Wolff® basis creme peat formulation showed a tendency to prolonged latency on the first hour. The results could be explained by partial activation of peripheral α2-adrenoceptors and the possible COX-2 suppressive activity.
Comparative evaluation of the use of dry binders in a physical mixture or as a coprocessed dry binder in matrix tablets with extended drug release
Authors: Mužíková Jitka , Komersová Alena , Lochař Václav , Vildová Lucie , Vošoustová Bára , Bartoš Martin
Published: July 2018

This paper evaluates and compares the properties of directly compressible tabletting materials and matrix tablets containing a combination of α-lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose in the 3:1 ratio in a physical mixture and in a coprocessed dry binder. Tested parameters include flow properties, compressibility, compactibility and the rate of drug release from tablets. Compressibility is evaluated by means of the energy profile of the compression process. Compactibility is evaluated by means of the tensile strength of the tablets. Dissolution testing is done using the rotating basket method. Dissolution profiles are evaluated by non-linear regression analysis.

Total energy of compression and plasticity values were higher in tabletting materials with the coprocessed dry binder. Increasing additions of polyvinyl alcohol decreased the values of total energy of compression, plasticity, tensile strength of tablets and drug release rate. Dissolution behaviour of tablets, which contained the physical mixture or coprocessed dry binder and the same amount of polyvinyl alcohol, was comparable.
Assessment of the Prevalence of Gastric “Gravel Sign” in Dogs with Acute Gastric Dilatation-Volvulus
Authors: Raul Altuzarra , Rosa Novellas , Yvonne Espada , Elisabet Domínguez
Published: July 2018

Radiological examination of gastric “gravel sign” was retrospectively conducted in 60 dogs presented with acute gastric dilatation-volvulus (GDV) syndrome. Other radiographic findings including loss of peritoneal serosal detail, presence of radiopaque foreign bodies, gastric pneumatosis, splenomegaly, and megaesophagus, were also examined in these patients. “Gravel sign” was detected on the pre-operative radiographs of 17 dogs with acute GDV (28.3%), suggesting that these patients could be suffering from chronic partial gastric obstruction before examination. German Shepherd dogs were significantly over-represented in this group (10/17, 58.8%). Dogs with acute GDV showing “gravel sign” should be carefully investigated for the presence of underlying gastrointestinal processes that might be associated with chronic partial obstruction.
Testing of beveled crimp connections made on a prototype stand
Authors: Wróbel Nikodem , Rejek Michał , Królczyk Grzegorz
Published: July 2018

The purpose of this study is to form and test inseparable tight joints, commonly used in the construction of heat exchangers, by crimping operation on designed prototype stand. Crimped joints are made by tools in form of cones with two types of shapes, each of the designed tools have got identical forming angle. This study uses two types of connecting blocks and plates, differing in diameters of hole and flange. Elaboration contains a case study of joints being made by the stand, which in addition to the crimping operations for some cases were glued or brazed. The article presents the features of the formed joints, by examining them by destructive testing: Micrography, tensile strength test, and non-destructive testing: Leakage test. The examined elements have been made of aluminum 6060, which is well suited to indirect or direct operations of forming joints for all kinds of coolers or condensers. Elaborated tests and studies in this study allowed to state, that joining the connection block to plate with the small diameter, was more energy-consuming than in sample sets with bigger diameter, use of glue increasing the strength of the joints by 20%, significant strength increase can be obtained after mechanical clinching with brazing operation or modification of geometrical shape of the jaws
International Application Model Short-Long Term Between GDP and Consumption : Case Study Indonesia
Authors: Sugiarto Teguh , Madu Ludiro , Subagyo Ahmad , Sugiyanto  , Achmadi
Published: July 2018

More recently, significant fluctuations in the Indonesian economy justify the need to pay more attention to this issue. In this case, the main purpose of this research is to know the relationship between two issues related to Indonesian macro economy called consumption and GDP for data period during 1967 until 2014. This study investigates the relationship between GDP variables and Indonesian consumption consumption variables using the test ARDL, cointegration and Granger causality. The result of the research can be concluded that, there is long-run equilibrium relationship between GDP and consumption with long-term ARDL model, 10% change of consumption will produce long-term change of 44% in GDP. It is not surprising that there is no short-run equilibrium relationship between GDP and consumption. 10% of consumption will result in a short-term ARDL model change of 95% in GDP. The variables and consumption of GDP are cointegrated in the long run significantly at lag interval 10, whereas the use of lag interval 1 and 5 is not credited in the long run. Using a cointegration test with lag interval 1, 5 and 10 indicates significant for all usage slowness. So it can be summarized in the context of GDP and coordinated short-term economic consumption for all the prevailing interval lags. concluded that long-term causality test results between GDP variables and significant consumption with time intervals 5 and 10. intervals 1, 15 and 20 have no long-term causality relationship between GDP variables and consumption variables. a short-term causal model. With lagging intervals of 1, 5, 10 and 15, there is a short-term causal relationship between the variable GDP and consumption. As for the use of delay interval 20 there is no causal relationship in the short term between the variable GDP and consumption in Indonesia.
Innovative Approach to Measuring the Impact of FDI on Some Macroeconomic Indicators in B&H
Authors: Subotić Slobodan , Erceg Živko , Marković Vladimir , Mitrović Goran
Published: July 2018

The necessity of economic life and economic development of every economy is the free movement of capital. The international movement of capital has its balance of payment when capital export represents economic surplus in relation to consumption of the national economy and the import of capital represents an increase of consumption in regard to the output of a national economy. Analysis of the influence of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth of the host country, among other things, is emphasized in the function of the achieved phase of its economic development. Taking all this into consideration, the aim of this paper refers to an attempt to indicate the significance and the role of FDI as well as the importance of attracting foreign direct investment in B&H and the determination of the effects of FDI on the economy of B&H. In this regard, we will try to determine the level of FDI’s impact on some macroeconomic indicators in B&H (GDP, import, export, unemployment) by using contemporary SPSS statistical analysis program (model) and applying the methods (calculating coefficients) of correlation and regression analysis. In other words, we will determine the analytical expression used to describe a statistical relationship of these macroeconomic categories.
Technological relatedness, knowledge space and smart specialisation: The case of Germany
Authors: Vlčková Jana , Kaspříková Nikola , Vlčková Markéta
Published: July 2018

The level of technological specialisation in the regions of Germany is assessed in this paper, as well as how such specialisation has evolved over time. Further, in three selected regions (Munich, Düsseldorf and Oberes Elbtal/Osterzgebirge), the knowledge space is explored in detail and compared to existing smart specialisation strategies. Average relatedness and knowledge space based upon EPO patent applications are used to measure the specialisation and technology trajectories of the German regions. Between three periods 1988–1992, 1998–2002 and 2008–2012, the specialisation of Germany based on EPO patent applications increased by 10%, despite a decline in many regions. Machinery and transportation industries have increased their significance. The assessment of regional smart specialisation strategies in the three German states shows that the methodology in terms of the identification of prospective industries is largely variegated and insufficiently developed. More attention should also be given to the choice of an appropriate geographical level of aggregation for analysis. Knowledge relatedness and knowledge complexity could be used as methodological tools for selecting prospective industries in smart specialisation strategies.
Trends in Inclusive Education in the USA and Canada
Authors: Grynova Maryna , Kalinichenko Iryna
Published: July 2018

This paper deals with foreign experience of implementing inclusive education for children with special educational needs in the United States and Canada. Legal documents on inclusive education in foreign countries have been analyzed. The most relevant topic of American and Canadian scholars’ researches on reforming special education is related to integration, that is gradual transition from exclusion of children with special educational needs to inclusion in comprehensive schools. Based on the analysis of American and Canadian researches on inclusive education it has been concluded that the changes in legislation and education policies of North American countries aim to achieve the highest level of progress in regular education and special education. It has been found that the development of inclusive education in Canada has undergone and is significantly influenced by the American education system. However, unlike the United States, Canada does not have a single legislative act that would standardize the introduction of inclusive education in the country. Each province has autonomous educational documents that specify the requirements for the inclusive education organization. It has been specified that in American schools, effective educational technology in inclusive education is a team approach when effective partner relationships are formed. A key to the successful integration of a child with special educational needs is the development of an individual curriculum. The Canadian education system, having its own national peculiarities that predetermine the differences in the course of education reforms, has always supported the democratic movement for civil rights and anti-discriminatory attitudes in US education. Foreign law and inclusive practice are an important source of ideas about possible ways to solve the problems of implementing inclusive education in Ukraine.
Modernization of Professional Training of Future Border Guard Officers in Ukraine on the Basis of Experience of Indian Border Agencies
Authors: Bhinder Nataliya
Published: July 2018

The article is devoted to the analysis of modernization of professional training of future border guards considering the experience of border agencies of the Republic of India. The possibilities of its creative implementation at the educational establishments of the State Border Guard Service of Ukraine have been estimated. The topicality of the comparative analysis of professional training of border guards in Ukraine and the Republic of India has been explained with the fact that these states belong to the group of developing countries and face similar border security threats. It has been proved that it is necessary to compare the systems of professional training of border guards in both countries and to analyse the modernization characteristics implemented in the Republic of India. While researching, a wide range of various scientific methods – archival research, content analysis, generalization of scientific material, deductive method of analysis and nonparticipant observation method – has been used. It has been found out that modernization of professional training of future border guard officers concerns the changes of professional training oriented towards its adaptation to up-to-date dynamic professional and educational environment. Having analyzed the experience of Indian agency-specific educational establishments, we have come to the conclusion that the following characteristics can be implemented in the process of professional training of border guard officers in Ukraine: implementation of foreign progressive ideas, spread of universal philosophical concepts, hybrid variant of professional training, life-long training, academic autonomy and academic mobility, standardization of instructors’ training, person-oriented approach, wider usage of information and communications technologies, improvement of infrastructure of educational establishments, extension of practical lessons and internship, effective usage of extra-curriculum work, blended courses, and psychological relaxation techniques.
The Impact of Digital Technology on Digital Natives’ Learning: American Outlook
Authors: Shtepura Alla
Published: July 2018

Constant development of information and digital technologies changes the learning process and the specifics of social relations between the student and the teacher. The use of new means of communication makes an important contribution to the development of skills in using technology, intensive self-study and social interaction. A new generation of students uses digital technology daily. The article shows the impact of digital technology on a new generation of students, digital natives, and their learning. It has been defined that a lot of scientists have been studying the impact of information technology on digital generation, advantages and disadvantages of digital technologies. It has been stated that some scientists (M. Spitzer, J. Bauer) point out that there isn’t any indication that digital media accelerate or deepen the brain development process and don’t have any positive effect on its development. Today’s students cannot do without IT technologies – computers, mobile phones, the Internet, applications: video and music, text messaging. Nevertheless, Nicolas Carr notices that texting and instant messaging may weaken human creativity. It is also mentioned that multitasking leads to more superficial learning and less efficient processing of information. Generation of digital natives creates their own social network in their virtual world (a new culture of communication, a new language, new abbreviations which are used for writing messages). As for forms and methods of learning, it is extremely difficult for them to attend lessons and they prefer to be active and to work autonomously. They use the Internet as the main alternative to the traditional literary sources. Learning should be interactive, creative and autonomous for them. The organization of the educational process for digital natives is not an easy task, because they require varied and very stimulating learning environment. Thus, it has been proved that new digital technologies and the Internet can bring not only damage and danger, but also give huge benefits. These benefits should be taken into consideration and appropriate educational programs should be developed and introduced into digital natives’ learning.