bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NaClO3 Crystal Growth and Dissolution by Temperature Cycling in a Sessile Droplet
Authors: Leborgne Alexis , Kim Woo-Sik , Park Bum Jun , Sanselme Morgane , Coquerel Gérard
Published: September 2024

Sodium chlorate is the most popular compound used to study spontaneous symmetry breaking by means of crystallization. Therefore, it is important to know the behavior of the solid particles. NaClO3 crystal growth and dissolution are investigated in an aqueous sessile droplet subjected to numerous temperature cycles. On cooling, in addition to the classical formation of repeated elongated fluid inclusions, there is a reproducible appearance of prismatic fluid inclusions (PFIs) at the corners of single crystals. The underlying mechanism involves the complete termination of the (110) face growth and the propagation of the {100} faces, which can close the PFIs. This study reports that on heating, transient donut-like single crystals formed, which could lead to their segmentation, even without stirring the suspension. The systematic addition of other sodium salts with chlorine atoms at different oxidation states did not change these observations.
A New Mineral Calcioveatchite, SrCaB11O16(OH)5·H2O, and the Veatchite–Calcioveatchite Isomorphous Series
Authors: Pekov Igor V. , Zubkova Natalia V. , Apollonov Vladimir N. , Yapaskupt Vasiliy O. , Britvin Sergey N. , Pushcharovsky Dmitry Yu.
Published: September 2024

The new mineral calcioveatchite, ideally SrCaB11O16(OH)5·H2O, is a Ca-Sr-ordered analogue of veatchite. It was found at the Nepskoe potassium salt deposit, Irkutsk Oblast, Siberia, Russia in halite-sylvite and sylvite-carnallite rocks, with boracite, hilgardite, kurgantaite, hydroboracite, volkovskite, veatchite, anhydrite, magnesite, and quartz. Calcioveatchite forms prismatic or tabular crystals up to 1 × 1.5 × 3 mm3 and crystal clusters up to 3 mm across. It is transparent and colourless with vitreous lustre. Calcioveatchite is brittle, cleavage is perfect on {010}, the Mohs’ hardness is ca 2, Dmeas is 2.58(1), and Dcalc is 2.567 g cm−3. Calcioveatchite is optically biaxial (+), α = 1.543(2), β = 1.550(5), γ = 1.626(2), 2Vmeas = 30(10)°, and 2Vcalc = 35°. The average chemical composition (wt.%, electron microprobe, H2O calculated by stoichiometry) is: CaO 7.05, SrO 20.70, B2O3 61.96, H2O 10.22, and total 99.93. The empirical formula, calculated based on 22 O apfu = O16(OH)5(H2O) pfu, is Sr1.23Ca0.78B10.99O16(OH)5·H2O. Calcioveatchite is monoclinic, space group P21, a = 6.7030(3), b = 20.6438(9), c = 6.6056(3) Å, β = 119.153(7)°, V = 798.26(8) Å3, and Z = 2. Polytype: 1M. The strongest reflections of the powder XRD pattern [d,Å(I,%)(hkl)] are: 10.35(100)(020), 5.633(12)(110), 5.092(10)(120), 3.447(14)(060), 3.362(13)(101, 051), 3.309(38)(–102), 2.862(10)(012), and 2.585(19)(080). The crystal structure was solved based on single-crystal XRD data, R1 = 0.0420. Calcioveatchite (calcioveatchite-1M) is an isostructural analogue of veatchite-1M with the 11-fold cation polyhedron occupied mainly by Sr [Sr0.902(8)Ca0.098(8)] whereas the 10-fold polyhedron is Ca dominant [Ca0.686(7)Sr0.314(7)]. The chemical composition of veatchite from five localities in Russia (Nepskoe), Kazakhstan (Shoktybay and Chelkar in the North Caspian Region), and the USA (Tick Canyon and Billie Mine in California) was studied, and it is shown to exist in nature as a continuous, almost complete isomorphous series which extends from Ca-free veatchite, Sr2B11O16(OH)5·H2O, to calcioveatchite with the composition Sr1.14Ca0.87B10.99O16(OH)5·H2O.
Sediment-Hosted Rare-Earth Elements Mineralization from the Dian-Qian District, Southwest China: Mineralogy and Mode of Occurrence
Authors: Hui Bo , Gong Daxing , Xu Lu , Lai Yang , Qin Jianhua , Xu Ying , Yang Wei , Lin Haitao
Published: September 2024

The Xuanwei Formation’s claystones in the Dian-Qian District of Southwest China are rich in rare-earth elements (REEs), suggesting their potential as a source of medium and heavy rare earths. However, the REE content in these rocks is lower than other types of rare-earth deposits, and the interrelationship among clay minerals is intricate. There is no direct evidence indicating the mineralization of REEs, limiting their beneficiation and extraction. The objective of this study is the characterization of REE distribution in the Dian-Qian District. The sedimentary rocks in this district are mainly composed of kaolinite, boehmite, quartz, rutile, and pyrite. The results of continuous chemical extraction of REE-rich claystone and transmission electron microscope (TEM) observations have confirmed that REEs occurred as florencite in the rocks, and that the ion-absorption state makes only a negligible contribution to the REE content. A close relationship between florencite and kaolinite makes traditional mineral processing operations very difficult. Combined with the properties of kaolinite, roasting-acid leaching was the efficacious approach for rare-earth resources extracted from the rare earth-rich clay rocks of the Xuanwei Formation.
Heterogeneous Photocatalytic Degradation of Selected Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products (PPCPs) Using Tungsten Doped TiO2: Effect of the Tungsten Precursors and Solvents
Authors: Li Kunyang , Li Jing , Luo Fengying , Yu Yuhua , Yang Yepeng , Li Yizhou
Published: September 2024

Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) which include antibiotics such as tetracycline (TC) and ciprofloxacin (CIP), etc., have attracted increasing attention worldwide due to their potential threat to the aquatic environment and human health. In this work, a facile sol-gel method was developed to prepare tungsten-doped TiO2 with tunable W5+/W6+ ratio for the removal of PPCPs. The influence of solvents in the synthesis of the three different tungsten precursors doped TiO2 is also taken into account. WCl6, ammonium metatungstate (AMT), and Na2WO4●2H2O not only acted as the tungsten precursors but also controlled the tungsten ratio. The photocatalyst prepared by WCl6 as the tungsten precursor and ethanol as the solvent showed the highest photodegradation performance for ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TC), and the photodegradation performance for tetracycline (TC) was 2.3, 2.8, and 7.8 times that of AMT, Na2WO4●2H2O as the tungsten precursors and pristine TiO2, respectively. These results were attributed to the influence of the tungsten precursors and solvents on the W5+/W6+ ratio, sample crystallinity and surface properties. This study provides an effective method for the design of tungsten-doped TiO2 with tunable W5+/W6+ ratio, which has a profound impact on future studies in the field of photocatalytic degradation of PPCPs using an environmentally friendly approach.
Simulations of Infrared Reflectivity and Transmission Phonon Spectra for Undoped and Doped GeC/Si (001)
Authors: Talwar Devki N. , Haraldsen Jason T.
Published: September 2024

Exploring the phonon characteristics of novel group-IV binary XC (X = Si, Ge, Sn) carbides and their polymorphs has recently gained considerable scientific/technological interest as promising alternatives to Si for high-temperature, high-power, optoelectronic, gas-sensing, and photovoltaic applications. Historically, the effects of phonons on materials were considered to be a hindrance. However, modern research has confirmed that the coupling of phonons in solids initiates excitations, causing several impacts on their thermal, dielectric, and electronic properties. These studies have motivated many scientists to design low-dimensional heterostructures and investigate their lattice dynamical properties. Proper simulation/characterization of phonons in XC materials and ultrathin epilayers has been challenging. Achieving the high crystalline quality of heteroepitaxial multilayer films on different substrates with flat surfaces, intra-wafer, and wafer-to-wafer uniformity is not only inspiring but crucial for their use as functional components to boost the performance of different nano-optoelectronic devices. Despite many efforts in growing strained zinc-blende (zb) GeC/Si (001) epifilms, no IR measurements exist to monitor the effects of surface roughness on spectral interference fringes. Here, we emphasize the importance of infrared reflectivity Rω  and transmission Tω spectroscopy at near normal θi = 0 and oblique θi ≠ 0 incidence (Berreman effect) for comprehending the phonon characteristics of both undoped and doped GeC/Si (001) epilayers. Methodical simulations of Rω and Tω revealing atypical fringe contrasts in ultrathin GeC/Si are linked to the conducting transition layer and/or surface roughness. This research provided strong perspectives that the Berreman effect can complement Raman scattering spectroscopy for allowing the identification of longitudinal optical ωLO phonons, transverse optical ωTO phonons, and LO-phonon–plasmon coupled ωLPP+  modes, respectively.
First Record of Two Nasal Mites Genus Rhinonyssus (Mesostigmata, Rhinonyssidae) Parasitizing Birds from Estonia
Authors: Dimov Ivan
Published: September 2024

Rhinonyssids are obligate hematophagous mites that parasitize the nasal cavity of domestic and wilds birds worldwide. For the first time, two species of nasal mites of the genus Rhinonyssus from Estonia are described. One species of nasal mite, Rhinonyssus pluvialis Fain et Johnston, 1966, is described and illustrated based on material from Pluvialis apricaria Linnaeus, 1758 (Charadriiformes, Charadriidae). Another species of nasal mite, Rhinonyssus tringae Fain, 1963, is described and illustrated based on material from Tringa glareola Linnaeus, 1758 (Charadriiformes, Scolopacidae). The bird hosts were collected in Estonia, Puhato järv.
Diverse Head-to-Tail Sequences in the Circular Genome of Human Bocavirus Genotype 1 among Children with Acute Respiratory Infections Implied the Switch of Template Chain in the Rolling-Circle Replication Model
Authors: Zhang Kexiang , De Ri , Xu Yanpeng , Han Zhenzhi , Zhu Runan , Sun Yu , Jia Liping , Chen Dongmei , Zhou Yutong , Guo Qi , Yao Yao , Liu Shuang , Qu Dong , Qian Yuan , Zhao Linqing
Published: September 2024

Head-to-tail sequences have been reported in human bocavirus (HBoV) 1-4. To reveal their features and functions, HBoV DNA was screened among respiratory specimens from pediatric patients with an acute respiratory infection (ARI) between April 2020 and December 2022, followed by HBoV genotyping. Head-to-tail sequences were detected using nested PCR, TA cloning, and Sanger sequencing, and these findings were confirmed by mNGS and amplicon sequencing. The secondary structure was predicted using the Mfold web server. The results indicated that head-to-tail sequences were detected in 42 specimens through TA cloning from 351 specimens positive for HBoV1 DNA, yielding 92 sequences into 32 types and 2 categories. Additionally, head-to-tail sequences were detected in 16 specimens by amplicon sequencing, yielding 60 sequences categorized into 23 types. The 374nt type, detected in 13 specimens, contains variants 374a and 374b, which differ in the unpaired loop regions of the palindrome or complementary reverse sequences, implying a switch of template chains during the replication process. The mNGS results in three specimens confirmed the presence of circular genome in copies below 1%. In conclusion, head-to-tail sequences of HBoV1 were common in children with ARI and were highly diverse in length and sequences. The variants may be generated by the switch of the template chain in the rolling-circle replication model.
Platinum Group Metals Nanoparticles in Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Alven Sibusiso , Gandidzanwa Sendibitiyosi , Ngalo Basabele , Poswayo Olwethu , Madanhire Tatenda , Aderibigbe Blessing A. , Tshentu Zenixole
Published: September 2024

Despite various methods currently used in cancer therapy, breast cancer remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Current therapeutics face limitations such as multidrug resistance, drug toxicity and off-target effects, poor drug bioavailability and biocompatibility, and inefficient drug delivery. Nanotechnology has emerged as a promising approach to cancer diagnosis, imaging, and therapy. Several preclinical studies have demonstrated that compounds and nanoparticles formulated from platinum group metals (PGMs) effectively treat breast cancer. PGMs are chemically stable, easy to functionalise, versatile, and tunable. They can target hypoxic microenvironments, catalyse the production of reactive oxygen species, and offer the potential for combination therapy. PGM nanoparticles can be incorporated with anticancer drugs to improve efficacy and can be attached to targeting moieties to enhance tumour-targeting efficiency. This review focuses on the therapeutic outcomes of platinum group metal nanoparticles (PGMNs) against various breast cancer cells and briefly discusses clinical trials of these nanoparticles in breast cancer treatment. It further illustrates the potential applications of PGMNs in breast cancer and presents opportunities for future PGM-based nanomaterial applications in combatting breast cancer.
The Dispensing Error Rate in an App-Based, Semaglutide-Supported Weight-Loss Service: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Talay Louis , Vickers Matt
Published: September 2024

Digital weight-loss services (DWLSs) combining pharmacotherapy and health coaching have the potential to make a major contribution to the global struggle against obesity. However, the degree to which DWLSs compromise patient safety through the dispensation of Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) medications is unknown. This study retrospectively analysed the rate at which patients reported GLP-1 RA dispensing errors from patient-selected and partner pharmacies of Australia’s largest DWLS provider over a six-month period. The analysis found that 99 (0.35%) of the 28,165 dispensed semaglutide orders contained an error. Incorrect dose (58.6%) and unreasonable medication expiry window (21.2%) were the two most common error types. Most errors (84.9%) were deemed to have been of medium urgency, with 11.1% being considered high-urgency errors. Incorrect doses (45.5%) and supplies of the wrong medication (36.3%) comprised most errors reported in high-urgency cases. Female patients reported more dispensing errors than male patients (0.41% vs. 0.12%, p < 0.001). Similarly, reported dispensing error rates were highest among patients aged 18 to 29 years (0.6%) and 30 to 39 years (0.5%). This research provides preliminary evidence that GLP-1 RA dispensing errors within comprehensive Australian DWLSs are relatively low.
Fundamentals of Determination of the Biological Tissue Refractive Index by Ellipsoidal Reflector Method
Authors: Bezugla Natalia , Romodan Oleksandra , Komada Pawel , Stelmakh Nataliia , Bezuglyi Mykhailo
Published: September 2024

This paper presents the theoretical fundamentals, prerequisites for creation, and peculiarities of modeling a new method for determining the refractive index of biological tissues. The method uses a mirror ellipsoid of revolution as an optical element to ensure total internal reflection phenomena. This paper thoroughly analyzes the differences in the refractive index of healthy and pathological tissues on a biometric diagnostic basis. The analysis is used to model the measurement setup’s parameters. This paper also considers various methods of determining the refractive index of biological tissues based on different principles of physical optics, such as interferometry, refractometry, ellipsometry, and goniophotometry. It systematizes typical optical elements of total internal reflection that can be used in goniophotometry. It justifies the selection of the element base for the goniometric installation based on the ellipsoidal reflector method. A simulation of the installation operation was carried out for various parameters of the ellipsoidal reflector, ensuring the measurement of the biological tissue refractive index from 1.33 to 1.7. This paper also proposes a constructive solution for manufacturing an ellipsoidal reflector of the required configuration.
In Vitro Germination and Organogenesis of Endangered Neo-Endemic Baltic Dunes Species Linaria loeselii Schweigg
Authors: Banaszczyk Lidia , Starke Michał D. , Szelbracikowski Damian , Ścibior Julia , Kapusta Małgorzata
Published: September 2024

This study focuses on the endangered neo-endemic Baltic dunes species Linaria loeselii Schweigg. (Plantaginaceae), also known as Linaria odora (M. Bieb.). By utilizing in vitro cultures, we successfully germinated seeds collected in situ. Our method, which involved using media supplemented with 5 µmol/L 6-benzylaminopurine, led to the indirect regeneration of shoots after 60 days of culture in the dark, significantly increasing the number of progeny plants. Additionally, the medium supplemented with 2.85 μmol/L indole-3-acetic acid and 10.2 μmol/L paclobutrazol allowed rooting after 30 days of shoot fragments. This research provides a potential basis for developing Linaria loeselii introduction programs into the environment, thereby contributing to the conservation of this endangered species.
Comparative Analysis of Transposable Elements in the Genomes of Citrus and Citrus-Related Genera
Authors: Wu Yilei , Wang Fusheng , Lyu Keliang , Liu Renyi
Published: September 2024

Transposable elements (TEs) significantly contribute to the evolution and diversity of plant genomes. In this study, we explored the roles of TEs in the genomes of Citrus and Citrus-related genera by constructing a pan-genome TE library from 20 published genomes of Citrus and Citrus-related accessions. Our results revealed an increase in TE content and the number of TE types compared to the original annotations, as well as a decrease in the content of unclassified TEs. The average length of TEs per assembly was approximately 194.23 Mb, representing 41.76% (Murraya paniculata) to 64.76% (Citrus gilletiana) of the genomes, with a mean value of 56.95%. A significant positive correlation was found between genome size and both the number of TE types and TE content. Consistent with the difference in mean whole-genome size (39.83 Mb) between Citrus and Citrus-related genera, Citrus genomes contained an average of 34.36 Mb more TE sequences than Citrus-related genomes. Analysis of the estimated insertion time and half-life of long terminal repeat retrotransposons (LTR-RTs) suggested that TE removal was not the primary factor contributing to the differences among genomes. These findings collectively indicate that TEs are the primary determinants of genome size and play a major role in shaping genome structures. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) of Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) identifiers revealed that the fragmented TEs were predominantly derived from ancestral genomes, while intact TEs were crucial in the recent evolutionary diversification of Citrus. Moreover, the presence or absence of intact TEs near the AdhE superfamily was closely associated with the bitterness trait in the Citrus species. Overall, this study enhances TE annotation in Citrus and Citrus-related genomes and provides valuable data for future genetic breeding and agronomic trait research in Citrus.
Seed Priming and Biopriming in Two Squash Landraces (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne) from Tunisia: A Sustainable Strategy to Promote Germination and Alleviate Salt Stress
Authors: Tarchoun Néji , Saadaoui Wassim , Hamdi Khawla , Falleh Hanen , Pavli Ourania , Ksouri Riadh , Petropoulos Spyridon A.
Published: September 2024

In recent years, seed priming has gained interest, with researchers aiming to enhance seed germination and early growth, especially under abiotic stress conditions. In this study, seeds from two squash landraces (Cucurbita maxima Duchesne; i.e., Galaoui large seeds (Galaoui hereafter) and Batati green (Batati hereafter)) were subjected to different priming methods ((a) 0.3% and 0.4% KNO3 (halopriming); (b) 0.1% and 0.2% GA3 (hormopriming); (c) inoculation with Trichoderma spp. (T. harzianum, T. viride, and T. virens), Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas fluorescens (biopriming) in order to promote germination parameters and seedling growth under salinity stress (0, 100, and 200 mM of NaCl). Our findings indicate the better performance of primed seeds compared to the untreated ones in terms of germination and seedling growth traits, although a varied response depending on the priming method and the landrace was observed. The highest germination percentage (GP) and the lowest mean germination time (MGT) were observed in 0.4% KNO3-primed seeds. The positive effects of 0.4% KNO3 were also depicted in all traits related to seedling growth and the seedling vigor index (SVI), indicating its effectiveness as a priming agent in squash seeds. Under salinity stress conditions, priming with 0.4% KNO3 significantly improved the germination and seedling growth traits for both landraces, while the application of 0.2% GA3 at high salinity significantly improved photosynthetic quantum yield (Fv/Fm ratio). Regarding the effects of biopriming in germination and seedling growth traits, our results indicate that T. harzianum and B. subtilis were the most effective bioagents in promoting germination and seedling growth in Galaoui and Batati seeds, respectively. In conclusion, our findings provide important information regarding the practice of using priming and biopriming agents to enhance the germination and seedling growth capacity of squash seeds, as well to mitigate the negative effects of salinity stress at the critical stages of germination and early growth.
Planting Geometry May Be Used to Optimize Plant Density and Yields without Changing Yield Potential per Plant in Sweet Corn
Authors: Stansluos Atom Atanasio Ladu , Öztürk Ali , Türkoğlu Aras , Piekutowska Magdalena , Niedbała Gniewko
Published: September 2024

Planting geometry is one of the most important management practices that determine plant growth and yield of corn. The effects of eight planting geometries (35 × 23 cm, 40 × 21 cm, 45 × 19 cm, 50 × 18 cm, 55 × 17 cm, 60 × 16 cm, 65 × 15 cm, 70 × 15 cm) on plant growth and yields of three sweet corn hybrids (Argos F1, Challenger F1, Khan F1) were investigated under Erzurum, Türkiye conditions in 2022 and 2023 years. Variance analysis of the main factors shows a highly significant effect on whole traits but in two-way interactions some of the traits were significant and in the three-way interactions, it was insignificant. As an average of years, the number of plants per hectare at the harvest varied between 92,307 (35 × 23 cm) and 120,444 (70 × 15 cm) according to the planting geometries. The highest marketable ear number per hectare (107,456), marketable ear yield (24,887 kg ha−1), and fresh kernel yield (19,493 kg ha−1) were obtained from the 40 × 21 cm planting geometry. The results showed that the variety Khan F1 grown at 40 × 21 cm planting geometry obtained the highest marketable ear number (112,472), marketable ear yield (29,788 kg ha−1), and fresh kernel yield (22,432 kg ha−1). The plant density was positively correlated with marketable ear number (r = 0.904 **), marketable ear yield (r = 0.853 **), and fresh kernel yield (r = 0.801 **). The differences among the varieties were significant for the studied traits, except for plant density and kernel number per ear. In conclusion, the variety Khan F1 should be grown at the 40 × 21 cm planting geometry to maximize yields under study area conditions without water and nutrient limitations.
Parental Effect on Agronomic and Olive Oil Traits in Olive Progenies from Reciprocal Crosses
Authors: Miho Hristofor , Atallah Mihad , Trapero Carlos , Koubouris Georgios , Valverde Pedro
Published: September 2024

Olive growing is undergoing a transition from traditional cultivation systems to a more technological model characterized by increased mechanization and a higher density of plants per hectare. This shift implies the use of less vigorous varieties that can adapt to the new system. Most traditional varieties are highly vigorous, and breeding programs can provide solutions to this challenge. This study investigates the parental effect on different agronomic and olive oil characteristics and its role in breeding programs. The objectives were to evaluate and characterize different agronomic and olive oil traits in the progenies from ‘Arbosana’ × ‘Sikitita’ cross and its reciprocal cross ‘Sikitita’ × ‘Arbosana’. The results showed a high variability of the characters evaluated in the progenitors of the reciprocal crosses. The highest coefficients of variation were observed in traits related to ripening index, phenolic compounds, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Δ5-avenasterol, with phenolic content exhibiting the greatest variability. No statistically significant maternal effect was detected for any of the evaluated traits, although a slight positive maternal effect was systematically observed in the mean values of the evaluated traits. These results suggest that the maternal effect on olive is quite subtle, although due to a slight tendency of the maternal effect in the descriptive analyses, future studies are suggested to understand in depth the possible maternal effect on olive breeding.
Advancing Sustainability: Utilizing Bacterial Polyhydroxyalkanoate for Food Packaging
Authors: Stublić Krešimir , Ranilović Jasmina , Ocelić Bulatović Vesna , Kučić Grgić Dajana
Published: September 2024

Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are promising biodegradable polymers known for their biodegradability and eco-friendly properties. Recent studies indicate that PHAs can reduce the environmental impact by up to 50% compared to petroleum-based plastics. This comprehensive review evaluates the application of PHAs in sustainable food packaging, covering over 100 studies published between 2018 and 2023. The review highlights advancements in PHA production, with a focus on submerged and solid-state fermentation methods, achieving up to a 60% improvement in production efficiency through optimized culture selection. Sustainable extraction and purification methods have been identified, reducing energy consumption by 30%. Blending PHAs with other biodegradable polymers like polylactic acid, starch, and cellulose enhances material performance, with up to a 40% improvement in mechanical properties. The incorporation of antimicrobial agents and essential oils has been shown to extend the shelf life by 25% while maintaining food safety standards. This review underscores the potential of active PHA-based packaging in improving the barrier properties by 35% when combined with coatings, positioning PHA as a key material for the future of environmentally responsible and safe food packaging.
Parameter Optimization and Capacitance-Based Monitoring of In Situ Cell Detachment in Microcarrier Cultures
Authors: Ebrahimian Atefeh , Schalk Mona , Dürkop Mark , Maurer Michael , Bliem Rudolf , Kühnel Harald
Published: September 2024

This study delves into the scale-down optimization of the in situ cell detachment process for MA 104 cells cultivated on Cytodex 1 microcarriers (MCs). Through a systematic exploration, critical operational parameters—the agitation speed, incubation time, Trypsin–EDTA volume and corresponding activity, and washing steps—were identified as key factors influencing the efficiency and scalability of in situ cell detachment in microcarrier-based cell culture. Maintaining an appropriate agitation speed (1.25 × Njs, minimum agitation speed at which no microcarriers remain stationary for the signification period of 5 s), optimizing the Trypsinization incubation time (up to 60 min), and implementing multiple washing steps (two times) post-medium removal were found to be crucial for efficient cell detachment and subsequent growth. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of reducing the final Trypsin volume to 50 mL per gram of microcarrier while maintaining a Trypsin activity above 380 USP/mL. These conditions ensure complete cell dissociation and improve the cost effectiveness in large-scale productions. Additionally, we introduced real-time monitoring using a capacitance sensor during in situ cell detachment. This method has proven to be an effective process analytical technology (PAT) tool for tracking the cell detachment progress and efficiency. It allows for the prediction of cell detachment based on signals recorded between 3 and 7 min of Trypsinization, enabling rapid process decisions without the need for offline sampling, thereby enhancing the overall process control. This systematic approach not only optimizes in situ cell detachment processes but also has significant implications for the scalability and efficiency of microcarrier-based cell culture systems.
The Application of Organic and Inorganic Nanoparticles Incorporated in Edible Coatings and Their Effect on the Physicochemical and Microbiological Properties of Seafood
Authors: Ozuna-Valencia Karla Hazel , Moreno-Vásquez María Jesús , Graciano-Verdugo Abril Zoraida , Rodríguez-Félix Francisco , Robles-García Miguel Ángel , Barreras-Urbina Carlos Gregorio , Quintero-Reyes Idania Emedith , Cornejo-Ramírez Yaeel Isbeth , Tapia-Hernández José Agustín
Published: September 2024

Recent bibliographic research highlights the innovative application of organic and inorganic nanoparticles in edible coatings for seafood preservation. Given the high susceptibility of seafood to spoilage, incorporating nanoparticles into coatings presents a promising solution. These nanoparticles possess significant antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, which contribute to maintaining the quality and extending the shelf life of seafood products. This study reviews various materials and synthesis techniques for nanoparticles, assessing their characteristics and suitability for food applications. It emphasizes the role of nanotechnology in enhancing the mechanical properties of biopolymer-based coatings, which are biodegradable and non-toxic, thus promoting environmental sustainability. The findings indicate that nanoparticle-infused coatings effectively improve the physicochemical properties of seafood, such as pH stabilization and the reduction in total nitrogenous volatile bases, while also inhibiting microbial growth. This multifaceted approach not only addresses food waste and safety concerns but also supports the fishing industry by enhancing product quality. Overall, this research underscores the potential of nanoparticle coatings as a viable strategy for seafood preservation, paving the way for future innovations in sustainable food packaging solutions.
Measurement Techniques for Low-Concentration Tritium Radiation in Water: Review and Prospects
Authors: Mao Junxiang , Chen Ling , Xia Wenming , Gong Junjun , Chen Junjun , Liang Chengqiang
Published: September 2024

Tritium (3H) is one of the most critical nuclides for environmental monitoring, yet it is challenging to measure. Its high natural mobility and its potential to enter the human body through the food chain underscore the importance of not overlooking the radiation safety risks associated with tritium. The need for the online measurement of tritium at low concentrations is becoming increasingly apparent. This review examines the two principal stages of current measurement methodologies: sample preparation and radiation signal detection. It provides a summary of the tritium sample preparation and detection techniques, highlighting advances in the research with potential applications in online monitoring. The review concludes with an analysis of the issues inherent in the current techniques and offers perspectives on possible technological enhancements and future trajectories for the development of online monitoring systems for trace tritium levels.
Combined Application of Multiple Global Change Factors Negatively Influences Key Soil Processes across an Urban Gradient in Berlin, Germany
Authors: Meidl Peter , Lammel Daniel R. , Nikolic Vladan , Decker Marie , Bi Mohan , Hampl Leo , Rillig Matthias C.
Published: September 2024

Urbanization is a growing phenomenon affecting soils worldwide. Urban centers have been highlighted as hotspots for global change factors due to heightened anthropogenic activity. However, few studies have investigated the multifaceted impacts of global change factors (GCFs) acting in concert with urban soils. Thus, the objective of this study was to add GCFs in different combinations (0, 1, 2, 5, and 8 simultaneously) in three high-urbanity and three low-urbanity soils in Berlin and to evaluate their effects on soil parameters and functions. We hypothesized four potential outcomes of soil process responses to GCF exposure, Site-Specific Resistance, General Susceptibility, Low-Urbanity Resistance, and High-Urbanity Resistance. We provide evidence for the negative impacts of individual and multiple GCF application on litter decomposition, water repellency, and water-stable aggregates. Additionally, we highlight the General Susceptibility of litter decomposition to GCF exposure regardless of urbanity, as well as the Low-Urbanity Resistance of water repellency and High-Urbanity Resistance of water-stable aggregates under increased exposure to GCFs. This study expands on evidence of the growing threat of global change factors in urban settings and highlights some potential consequences regarding soil function.
Fabrication of Low-Emissivity Glass with Antibacterial Properties by Coating Cu/AZO Thin Films
Authors: Chang Shang-Chou , Wu Jian-Syun
Published: September 2024

This study explores the feasibility of using Cu/AZO thin films as low-emissivity materials with antibacterial properties, fabricated using the linear sputtering method. The linear sputtering technique deposits thin films onto continuous substrates, offering high throughput, uniform coatings, and precise control over film properties. In this research, Cu/AZO thin films underwent either vacuum annealing or hydrogen plasma annealing treatments. The Cu layer imparts antibacterial properties, while the AZO layer primarily provides thermal insulation. Experimental results show that annealing treatments enhance both photoelectric performance and antibacterial capability. Annealed Cu/AZO films exhibit lower resistivity and emissivity. Among the samples, those subjected to vacuum annealing at 400 °C are most suitable for low-emissivity applications, with an average visible light transmittance of 60%, an emissivity of 0.16, and an antibacterial activity value of 8.8. The Cu/AZO films proposed in this study effectively combine antibacterial and thermal insulation properties, making them relevant for the field of green materials.
Urban Sharing Logistics Strategies against Epidemic Outbreaks: Its Feasibility and Sustainability
Authors: Wei Qiang , Gou Xinyu , Zhang Baiyang
Published: September 2024

Epidemic (e.g., COVID-19) outbreaks can seriously disrupt logistics, and the coordination of intercity logistics and urban distribution plays an important role in goods distribution. In previous studies, some scholars analyzed different sharing logistics mechanisms for cost reduction and efficiency improvement, while others analyzed the disruption problems in both logistics and supply chain management. In this study, we combine these two operational management philosophies and first develop a two-echelon logistics benchmark model (BM), with two intercity logistics companies and two urban distribution companies, taking into consideration the load ratio and the disruption factor. This is the first time that the load ratio is considered in research on logistics, and it will make the supply and demand as well as the cost structure of logistics services much more practical. We then develop three urban sharing logistics models with two intercity logistics companies and one urban sharing logistics distribution company, with the sharing mechanisms SM1 (only sharing logistics), SM2 (sharing logistics with revenue sharing), and SM3 (sharing logistics with equity investment). We compare the pros and cons of the three sharing mechanisms and identify the optimal and suboptimal Pareto improvements for the BM. We identify different sharing decisions with respect to different load ratios and the disruption ratio. Finally, we analyze the sustainability of the three sharing mechanisms from the load ratio, low-carbon, and low-disruption dimensions. The managerial implications drawn from the model and case study provide a practice framework for sharing logistics operations: vertical integration, the standardization of logistics technology and equipment, and coordination and sharing.
Driving Paths and Evolution Trends of Urban Low-Carbon Transformation: Configuration Analysis Based on Three Batches of Low-Carbon Pilot Cities
Authors: Li You-Dong , Yan Chen-Li
Published: September 2024

In response to global climate challenges, urban low-carbon transformation has become a critical strategy for sustainable development. This study constructs a theoretical model for urban low-carbon transformation using the multi-level perspective framework. We focused on three batches of low-carbon pilot cities in China and employed fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis to investigate the transformation pathways and impact mechanisms during the periods 2010–2012, 2012–2017, and 2017–2019. The results indicate that none of the six antecedent conditions is necessary for urban low-carbon transformation. Initially, the transformation is primarily driven by a pathway led by low-carbon industries. In the mid-stage, two pathways emerge: one dominated by the combination of low-carbon industries and research and development (R&D) human capital and another led by low-carbon consumption awareness and economic development levels. In the later stage, the influencing factors involve a combination across micro, meso, and macro levels, reflecting an increasingly diversified and intricate configuration. The regional industrial structure consistently plays a dominant role, while awareness of low-carbon consumption has grown over time. This study not only enhances our understanding of the underlying mechanisms but also provides practical policy recommendations for local governments to tailor their strategies for effective low-carbon transformation.
The Impact of Intrinsic Motivation on the Sustainable Extra-Role Performance with the Mediating Role of Job Engagement
Authors: Hoxha Sejdi , Ramadani Riad
Published: September 2024

Employee motivation and engagement are crucial in attaining optimum workplace productivity because when employees are driven and interested in their duties, they are more likely to give more of themselves, be more innovative, and actively contribute to the organization’s success. The goal of this study is to examine the effects of intrinsic motivation and staff engagement on extra-role performance. It also examines how employee engagement functions as a mediating factor between these factors. The research participants are workers of a Kosovo-based energy production firm. The data were gathered using the convenience sample approach, with 350 people working in various jobs and locations. To investigate the study’s hypotheses, we employed the PROCESS 4 macro model and multiple regression analysis. The study found that motivation from within improves job performance and has a positive relationship with work engagement. Similarly, when the influence of engagement on extra-role performance was investigated, the findings found that engagement had a very significant effect. Furthermore, there was evidence of a positive relationship between intrinsic motivation and extra-role performance, with work engagement serving as a moderator. This study makes an important contribution that sustainably motivated and engaged employees are essentially more likely to stay in the organization, reducing the cost of staff turnover. Good employee performance increases the organization’s ability to adapt to change and innovate, contributing to long-term sustainability.
Ecosystem Services and Public Perception of Green Infrastructure from the Perspective of Urban Parks: A Case Study of Luoyang City, China
Authors: Ge Yipeng , Chen Shubo , Ma Yueshan , Wang Yitong , Guo Yafei , Gan Qizheng
Published: September 2024

As one form of urban green infrastructure, city parks provide essential ecosystem services and serve as a vital link connecting citizens with natural ecosystems. The public, as the primary beneficiaries of urban park ecosystem services, plays a crucial role in guiding the improvement and development trends of urban park planning. Most existing studies assess the comprehensive value of green spaces from a macro scale, with few focusing on the cultural and regulatory ecosystem services of urban parks and public perception of these services at the park level. This study targets 11 typical urban parks in Luoyang City, collecting 771 samples through field mapping and surveys. It analyzes users’ socio-demographic characteristics, perception abilities, usage preferences, and service satisfaction, linking these subjective factors with objective elements of the park environment, such as fitness and recreational facilities. The results indicate that respondents with knowledge of ecosystem services are better able to evaluate and understand services such as air pollution reduction and noise reduction in parks, while those without such knowledge tend to focus more on services that they can intuitively perceive, such as biodiversity conservation and microclimate regulation. Additionally, the middle-income group exhibits a higher level of awareness of park ecosystem services, which depends on their active social participation. The findings of this study suggest that enhancing public understanding of ecosystem services through environmental education is key to improving the quality of urban ecosystems.
The Seasonal Characterization and Temporal Evolution of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium in the Surface and Groundwater of an Agricultural Hydrographic Basin in the Midwestern Brazilian Savanna
Authors: Pires Nayara Luiz , Muniz Daphne Heloisa de Freitas , Araújo Luane Souza de , Lima Jorge Enoch Furquim Werneck , Gomes Roberto Arnaldo Trancoso , Caldas Eloisa Dutra , Oliveira-Filho Eduardo Cyrino
Published: September 2024

The Brazilian savanna (Cerrado Biome) is one of the most important regions in the world in terms of food production, with the use of fertilizers based on nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK). When not applied properly, fertilizers can alter and affect water quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of these compounds in surface and groundwater in the Upper Jardim River Hydrographic Unit, Federal District, thus characterizing seasonal variations during the dry and rainy seasons in two periods. A total of 207 groundwater samples and 23 surface water samples were collected in the years 2014, 2015, 2019 and 2020. The parameters analyzed were pH and nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and potassium ions. In groundwater samples, pH values were significantly higher and ion levels lower in samples collected during the early years (except for nitrate), and the ammonium concentrations were lower in the dry season than the rainy (in 2014 and 2019). In surface samples, total phosphorus levels were significantly higher in the rainy/2019 compared to the rainy/2020 season, while this tendency was inverted for potassium during the dry season. The use of NPK-based fertilizers has increased considerably in recent years in the region due to the expansion of the agricultural area, and although the results of the study show that concentrations in water are much lower than the maximum values allowed by Brazilian legislation, continuous monitoring is necessary to guarantee water quality.
The Impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure on the Performance of Saudi Arabian Companies: Evidence from the Top 100 Non-Financial Companies Listed on Tadawul
Authors: Hussain Maha Abu , Alsayegh Maha Faisal , Boshnak Helmi A.
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the relationship between environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure and the performance of Saudi Arabian companies. We analysed panel data from the 100 non-financial companies listed on the Saudi stock exchange (Tadawul) from 2017 to 2022. Using fixed effects, random effects, and generalised method of moments (GMM) models to account for endogeneity concerns, we examined the impact of ESG disclosure on the return on assets (ROA), return on equity (ROE), and Tobin’s Q. An ESG index was constructed through a principal component analysis of individual environmental, social, and governance scores. Our results indicate a significant positive relationship between ESG disclosure and companies’ key performance variables across all models. These findings are consistent with stakeholder theory and signalling theory, suggesting that comprehensive ESG practices can lead to better financial performance and serve as a positive signal to stakeholders. The study also reveals sector-specific differences, with non-manufacturing firms showing stronger positive relationships between ESG disclosure and performance measures compared to manufacturing firms. Additionally, we find that firm size, age, and liquidity are important factors influencing the ESG–performance relationship. This research contributes to the growing literature on ESG and corporate performance in emerging markets, offering valuable insights for policymakers, investors, and corporate practitioners in Saudi Arabia’s evolving sustainable business landscape. Our findings underscore the importance of ESG disclosure in driving sustainable and responsible business practices in the region.
Reducing Disposable Diaper Waste: Protocol for a Behavioural Science Workstream
Authors: Allison Ayşe Lisa , Curtis O’Reilly Abbie , Abicht Alicia , Purkiss Danielle , Miodownik Mark , Michie Susan , Lorencatto Fabiana
Published: September 2024

Disposable diapers contribute to the generation of plastic waste globally, with more than 8 million tonnes of diapers ending up in landfills or incinerated each year. One strategy for reducing this waste while maintaining child and parent health and well-being is to increase reusable diaper use and reduce delays in toilet training. We outline a protocol for applying behavioural science to understand the factors influencing these behaviours and to generate intervention recommendations. The research will be conducted in two stages. Stage 1 involves semi-structured interviews and surveys, guided by the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation-Behaviour (COM-B) model, to explore factors influencing reusable diaper use and toilet training at 18–30 months. Data will be analyzed using quantitative (regression and ANOVA) and qualitative (deductive and inductive) methods. Stage 2 involves triangulating findings to identify key barriers and enablers. Intervention frameworks (Behaviour Change Wheel and BCT Taxonomy) will help identify potential behaviour change intervention strategies to target key barriers and enablers identified within COM-B domains. Interventions will be presented to multidisciplinary stakeholders and nominal group technique process will be used to agree on the most promising, feasible, and acceptable options for development and piloting. The findings will help generate recommendations for supporting UK government policy and practice change in this area.