bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maison sans fenêtres
Authors: Teyssot Georges
Published: December 2021

Dans le Passagen-Werk , Walter Benjamin révèle qu’au-delà des styles et des époques les passages couverts peuvent devenir l’objet d’une interprétation, en tant qu’espaces « baroques » d’un monde spéculaire, car ils offrent une dilatation des espaces créés par le reflet à demi voilé des miroirs salis. Ces jeux de glaces plongent le passant dans la multiplication troublante des perspectives, lui faisant vivre l’expérience perturbante d’un labyrinthe. À cela s’ajoutent les affiches, les enseignes, les panneaux publicitaires, les annonces, etc. L’ensemble de ces inscriptions confère un aspect allégorique, car les images accompagnent les textes comme des écritures que l’on doit déchiffrer. La polyvocité des images est excentrique ; elle conduit à une sorte d’entre-pli ou de pliure entre différentes conditions : intérieur/extérieur, éclairé/sombre, privé/public, celé/révélé.
Benjamin et le médium roman
Authors: Ragone Giovanni , Capaldi Donatella
Published: December 2021

Dès son premier essai sur Dostoïevski, Walter Benjamin a découvert la dimension métaphorique des objets et de l’espace : une étape initiale vers ses approches médiologiques sur l’industrie de l’édition, les genres littéraires, la culture populaire et l’imaginaire collective, développés à la fin des années 1920. Plus tard, dans ses plus célèbres essais (1934-1936) et aussi après, malgré une position assez négative sur le roman contemporain, Benjamin a souvent vérifié sur le récit littéraire ses nouvelles hypothèses sur l’hybridation des médias, les modèles de communication épiques et la dimension prophétique et métaphorique de Kafka.
Stability analysis of stochastic delay differential equations with Markovian switching driven by Lévy noise
Authors: Chang Yanqiang , Chen Huabin
Published: December 2021

In this paper, the existence and uniquenesss, stability analysis for stochastic delay differential equations with Markovian switching driven by L\begin{document}$ \acute{e} $\end{document}vy noise are studied. The existence and uniqueness of such equations is simply shown by using the Picard iterative methodology. By using the generalized integral, the Lyapunov-Krasovskii function and the theory of stochastic analysis, the exponential stability in \begin{document}$ p $\end{document}th(\begin{document}$ p\geq2 $\end{document}) for stochastic delay differential equations with Markovian switching driven by L\begin{document}$ \acute{e} $\end{document}vy noise is firstly investigated. The almost surely exponential stability is also applied. Finally, an example is provided to verify our results derived.
Continuity of random attractors on a topological space and fractional delayed FitzHugh-Nagumo equations with WZ-noise
Authors: Li Yangrong , Yang Shuang , Long Guangqing
Published: December 2021

We study the continuity of a family of random attractors parameterized in a topological space (perhaps non-metrizable). Under suitable conditions, we prove that there is a residual dense subset \begin{document}$ \Lambda^* $\end{document} of the parameterized space such that the binary map \begin{document}$ (\lambda, s)\mapsto A_\lambda(\theta_s \omega) $\end{document} is continuous at all points of \begin{document}$ \Lambda^*\times \mathbb{R} $\end{document} with respect to the Hausdorff metric. The proofs are based on the generalizations of Baire residual Theorem (by Hoang et al. PAMS, 2015), Baire density Theorem and a convergence theorem of random dynamical systems from a complete metric space to the general topological space, and thus the abstract result, even restricted in the deterministic case, is stronger than those in literature. Finally, we establish the residual dense continuity and full upper semi-continuity of random attractors for the random fractional delayed FitzHugh-Nagumo equation driven by nonlinear Wong-Zakai noise, where the size of noise belongs to the parameterized space \begin{document}$ (0, \infty] $\end{document} and the infinity of noise means that the equation is deterministic.
Ray transform on Sobolev spaces of symmetric tensor fields, I: Higher order Reshetnyak formulas
Authors: Krishnan Venkateswaran P. , Sharafutdinov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2021

For an integer \begin{document}$ r\ge0 $\end{document}, we prove the \begin{document}$ r^{\mathrm{th}} $\end{document} order Reshetnyak formula for the ray transform of rank \begin{document}$ m $\end{document} symmetric tensor fields on \begin{document}$ {{\mathbb R}}^n $\end{document}. Roughly speaking, for a tensor field \begin{document}$ f $\end{document}, the order \begin{document}$ r $\end{document} refers to \begin{document}$ L^2 $\end{document}-integrability of higher order derivatives of the Fourier transform \begin{document}$ \widehat f $\end{document} over spheres centered at the origin. Certain differential operators \begin{document}$ A^{(m,r,l)}\ (0\le l\le r) $\end{document} on the sphere \begin{document}$ {{\mathbb S}}^{n-1} $\end{document} are main ingredients of the formula. The operators are defined by an algorithm that can be applied for any \begin{document}$ r $\end{document} although the volume of calculations grows fast with \begin{document}$ r $\end{document}. The algorithm is realized for small values of \begin{document}$ r $\end{document} and Reshetnyak formulas of orders \begin{document}$ 0,1,2 $\end{document} are presented in an explicit form.
Distributionally robust multi-period portfolio selection subject to bankruptcy constraints
Authors: Jiang Lin , Wu Changzhi , Wang Song
Published: December 2021

An optimization problem with moments information which suffers from distributional uncertainty can be handled through distributionally robust optimization. In this paper, we will consider distributionally robust multi-period portfolio selection since only moment information of portfolios can be gathered in practice. We will consider two different scenarios. One is that moments information can be obtained exactly and the other one is that the moments information is also uncertain. For the two scenarios, we will show how to transform the corresponding distributionally robust optimization problem into a second order cone problem (SOCP) which can be easily solved by existing methods. Some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method.
Modeling radicalization of terrorism under the influence of multiple ideologies
Authors: Wang Yiyi ,   Information Network Security Institute, People's Public Security University of China, Beijing, China, Bu Fanliang ,   Academic Affairs Office, Beijing Police College, Beijing, China
Published: December 2021

This paper proposes a compartmental model with multiple ideologies based on the mechanism of overlapping infections of contagious diseases to describe the individual radicalization of terrorism process under the influence of two cooperative ideologies. The two ideologies attract their respective supporters in the same sensitive group. The supporters of each ideology can be divided into sympathizers and defenders according to extreme levels. Cross-interaction between the two types of sympathizers is introduced. Through the interaction, sympathizers can be influenced by other ideologies and thus become more extreme. Use a set of differential equations to mathematically simulate the update process. The research results show that ideologies with cooperative mechanisms are easier to establish themselves in a group and are difficult to eliminate. This makes it more difficult to curb radicalization of the population. Based on the model, several strategies are assessed to counter radicalization.
Dynamical analysis, optimal control and spatial pattern in an influenza model with adaptive immunity in two stratified population
Authors: Barik Mamta ,   Amity Institute of Applied Science, Amity University, Noida, Sector-125, U. P., India, Swarup Chetan , Singh Teekam , Habbi Sonali , Chauhan Sudipa ,   Department of Basic Science, College of Science and Theoretical Studies, Saudi Electronic University, Riyadh-Male Campus, 11673, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,   Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era Hill university, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
Published: December 2021

Consistently, influenza has become a major cause of illness and mortality worldwide and it has posed a serious threat to global public health particularly among the immuno-compromised people all around the world. The development of medication to control influenza has become a major challenge now. This work proposes and analyzes a structured model based on two geographical areas, in order to study the spread of influenza. The overall underlying population is separated into two sub populations: urban and rural. This geographical distinction is required as the immunity levels are significantly higher in rural areas as compared to urban areas. Hence, this paper is a novel attempt to proposes a linear and non-linear mathematical model with adaptive immunity and compare the host immune response to disease. For both the models, disease-free equilibrium points are obtained which are locally as well as globally stable if the reproduction number is less than 1 (R01 < 1 & R02 < 1) and the endemic point is stable if the reproduction number is greater then 1 (R01 > 1 & R02 > 1). Next, we have incorporated two treatments in the model that constitute the effectiveness of antidots and vaccination in restraining viral creation and slow down the production of new infections and analyzed an optimal control problem. Further, we have also proposed a spatial model involving diffusion and obtained the local stability for both the models. By the use of local stability, we have derived the Turing instability condition. Finally, all the theoretical results are verified with numerical simulation using MATLAB.
Stability analysis of a simple mathematical model for school bullying
Authors: Ashi H. A. ,   Department of Mathematics, King AbdulAziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
Published: December 2021

School bullying is a highly concerned problem due to its effect on students' academic achievement. The effect might go beyond that to develop health problems, school drop out and, in some extreme cases, commit suicide for victims. On the other hand, adolescents who continuously bully over time are at risk of becoming involved in gang membership and other types of crime. Therefore, we propose a simple mathematical model for school bullying by considering two variables: the number of victims students and the number of bullies students. The main assumption employed to develop the mathematical model is that school policy bans bullying and expels students who practice this behavior to maintain a constructive educational environment within the school. We show that the model has two equilibrium points, and that both equilibrium points are locally and globally asymptotically stable under certain conditions. Also, we define a threshold parameter with a new criterion called the bullying index. Furthermore, we show that the model exhibits the phenomena of transcritical bifurcation subject to the bullying index. All the findings are supported with numerical simulations.
Characterizing speech rhythm using spectral coherence between jaw displacement and speech temporal envelope
Authors: He Lei , Zhang Yu
Published: December 2021

Lower modulation rates in the temporal envelope (ENV) of the acoustic signal are believed to be the rhythmic backbone in speech, facilitating speech comprehension in terms of neuronal entrainments at δ- and θ-rates (these rates are comparable to the foot- and syllable-rates phonetically). The jaw plays the role of a carrier articulator regulating mouth opening in a quasi-cyclical way, which correspond to the low-frequency modulations as a physical consequence. This paper describes a method to examine the joint roles of jaw oscillation and ENV in realizing speech rhythm using spectral coherence. Relative powers in the frequency bands corresponding to the δ-and θ-oscillations in the coherence (respectively notated as %δ and %θ) were quantified as one possible way of revealing the amount of concomitant foot- and syllable-level rhythmicities carried by both acoustic and articulatory domains. Two English corpora (mngu0 and MOCHA-TIMIT) were used for the proof of concept. %δ and %θ were regressed on utterance duration for an initial analysis. Results showed that the degrees of foot- and syllable-sized rhythmicities are different and are contingent upon the utterance length.
Ann Quin’s Berg and Stewart Home’s 69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess: Schizophrenic Text-Types
Authors: Vichnar David
Published: December 2021

In Berg (1964), Ann Quin develops an idiomatic style blending non-linear narration, multiple viewpoints, and stream of consciousness, marked by a poetic lyricism and hallucinogenic registration, in order to explore such topical themes as the search for identity, the influence of the past on the present, and intergenerational pressures. Stewart Home’s novel 69 Things to Do with a Dead Princess (2002) revisits some of the idiosyncratic features of Quin’s poetics sub specie Home’s parody of literary post-postmodernism. Philosophically, Home’s detouring towards Quin takes place through the prism of Deleuze and Guattari’s Anti-Oedipus, and also enables a reading of Quin’s schizophrenic writing in terms of its critical function. The essay argues that Home’s revisitation of Quin’s novel within a broader framework of experimental activism and that both the authors’ novels perform ventriloquist acts designed to deconstruct a certain type of literary subjectivity and the novel form itself.
Decentralized Agricultural Extension and Social Networks: The Potential for Agricultural Information and Technology Dissemination in Sri Lanka
Authors: Abeysinghe A. M. B. N.
Published: December 2021

Policymakers in Sri Lanka are seeking for cost-effective extension systems due to poor governance and limited budgets of current agricultural extension programs. Recently, there has been increasing interest in social learning as a mean of technology dissemination at a low cost. Therefore, this paper reviews the literature related to social learning and social-network-based agricultural extension (SNBAE) in developing countries to identify its possibility in information and technology dissemination in Sri Lanka. Furthermore, it looks at the present agriculture extension system of the food crop sector in Sri Lanka to clarify the potential of SNBAE for information and technology flow to the grassroot level. The review of the literature shows that SNBAE has positive effects on the effectiveness of knowledge and skill transfer to peers and neighbours. The overview of the agricultural extension systems in food crop sector in Sri Lanka shows that the decentralized agricultural extension system implemented from 1989 failed to bridge the agricultural information and technology gap, especially due to insufficiency of agricultural extension officers at the village level. However, the analysis of agricultural extension system of food crop sector shows that SNBAE has succeeded to some degree in narrowing the information and technology gap between extension officers and rural small-scale farmers.
Impact of Natural Rubber Tire Waste Charcoal on Selected Soil Physical Characteristics of Tea Growing Soils
Authors: Mendis A. P. I. , Walpola B. C. , Kumarasinghe H. K. M. S.
Published: December 2021

The present study assessed the impact of application of natural rubber tire waste charcoal (NRTWC) on selected physical characteristics of tea cultivated soils which belongs to Red Yellow Podzolic great soil group. Natural rubber tire waste charcoal was applied as a soil amendment at different rates (0%, 1%, 1.6%, 2.2% and 2.8% w/w). Physical attributes of soil; bulk density, particle density, porosity, texture and aggregate stability were assessed at 10 and 20 weeks after application of NRTWC. Natural rubber tire waste charcoal significantly improved physical characteristics of soil by reducing soil bulk density, and increasing particle density, porosity and aggregate stability. Natural rubber tire waste charcoal treated soils showed significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower bulk densities for the application rates of 2.2% and 2.8% (1.21 and 1.17 gcm-3 respectively) compared to the control (1.39 gcm-3) at 10 weeks after application. Significantly (p ≤ 0.05) lower particle density was observed for the application rate of 2.8% (2.52 gcm-3) than the control at 20 weeks after application. The increased porosity with time might be attributed to the increased of soil organic matter content with the application of NRTWC. The highest porosity change was observed at 1 % treatment (from 44.9% to 48.8%) and the lowest was at 2.8% (from 49.4% to 56.3%). Despite no significant (p ≥ 0.05) difference was reported in particle size distribution in soil treated with NRTWC, there was a noticeable decreased in sand percentage and increased in either silt or clay percentages at 20 weeks after application. Soil aggregate stability was found to be significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) in all treatments at 10 and 20 weeks after NRTWC application compared to the control. However, further investigations are needed before recommending the addition of NRTWC as an amendment to tea growing soils.
Third Country Effect on Exchange Rate: A Theoretical Explanation
Authors: Keembiyahetti N.
Published: December 2021

This paper presents a theoretical model to explain the third country effect on bilateral exchange rate. The conventional trade theories suggest that the bilateral exchange rate in a free-floating regime is determined by the demand and supply of the two currencies concerned. It implies that all the credit items in the balance of payment forming the supply side and all the debit items in the balance of payment forming the demand side would determine the bilateral equilibrium exchange rate. The traditional two country trade models are based on the implied assumption that the key variables such as exports, imports, FDIs, and net transfers between the two countries are key determinants of the foreign exchange rate between the two currencies concerned. This paper extends the traditional two country model into a three-country model and logically shows the possibility of variables pertaining to a third country to influence the bilateral exchange rate of the two countries concerned, which is known as the "third country effect".  The "third country effect" is not a novel concept in trade literature. It has been empirically tested by many researchers on several grounds such as the third country effect on trade, the third country effect on the domestic interest rate, the third country effect on the domestic price level etc. Although almost all such studies more or less have justified empirical evidence supporting the existence of the third country effect, the transmission mechanism of the third country shocks is still not clear. This paper develops a theoretical model to demonstrate how the third country effect is transmitted to the bilateral exchange rate. This paper bridges a long-standing gap in theory and literature.
The role of gut microbiome in inflammatory skin disorders: a systematic review
Authors: Widhiati Suci , Purnomosari Dewajani , Wibawa Tri , Soebono Hardyanto
Published: December 2021

The close relationship between the intestine and the skin has been widely stated, seen from gastrointestinal (GI) disorders often accompanied by skin manifestations. Exactly how the gut microbiome is related to skin inflammation and influences the pathophysiology mechanism of skin disorders are still unclear. Many studies have shown a two-way relationship between gut and skin associated with GI health and skin homeostasis and allostasis. This systematic review aimed to explore the associations between the gut microbiome with inflammatory skin disorders, such as acne, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and urticaria, and to discover the advanced concept of this relationship.

Methods: The literature search was limited to any articles published up to December 2020 using PubMed and EBSCOHost. The review followed the PRISMA guidelines for conducting a systematic review.

Result: Of the 319 articles screened based on title and abstract, 111 articles underwent full-text screening. Of these, 23 articles met our inclusion criteria, comprising 13 AD, three psoriasis, four acne vulgaris, and four chronic urticaria articles.

Discussion: Acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria are inflammation skin disorders that were studied recently to ascertain the relationship of these disorders with dysbiosis of the GI microbiome. All acne vulgaris, psoriasis, and chronic urticaria studies stated the association of gut microbiome with skin manifestations. However, the results in atopic dermatitis are still conflicting. Most of the articles agree that Bifidobacterium plays an essential role as anti-inflammation bacteria, and Proteobacteria and Enterobacteria impact inflammation in inflammatory skin disorder.
Atypical cellular neurothekeoma: report of a case
Authors: Pedroni Gioia , Paganelli Alessia , Bassoli Sara , Kutzner Heinz , Cesinaro Anna Maria , Magnoni Cristina
Published: December 2021

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Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Mimicking Wernicke's Encephalopathy
Authors: Wu Lei , Jin Di , Huang Dehui , Yu Shengyuan
Published: December 2021

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare disease that can be confused with Wernicke encephalopathy (WE). We have reported here the case of a 31-year-old malnourished man who presented with headache, fever, vomiting, diarrhea, and confusion. His imaging and laboratory findings were indicative of WE. His condition improved after treatment with a high dose of vitamin B1 and intravenous administration of methylprednisolone. However, after continuing to take vitamin B1 for 2 weeks, his symptoms and neuroimaging findings worsened. Increased standardized uptake values of positron emission tomography with 2-deoxy-2-[fluorine-18]fluoro-D-glucose integrated with computed tomography (18 F-FDG-PET) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) in the cerebrospinal fluid led to the diagnosis of PCNSL. After treatment with methotrexate and calcium leucovorin, the symptoms and neuroimaging abnormalities disappeared at the 6-month follow-up examination. The possibility of PCNSL should be considered if the routine treatment for WE are ineffective. 18 F-FDG PET and IL-10 may provide a new method for the early diagnosis of PCNSL.
Practice Changing Articles in Neuroanesthesiology and Neurocritical Care in Recent Years
Authors: Chavali Siddharth , Dash Hari Hara
Published: December 2021

Background:

Neuroanesthesiology and neurocritical care are constantly evolving branches of clinical neuroscience, and patient management is often influenced by literature such as randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Many controversies still exist in the management of neurologically injured patients, and most research in this field does not translate into significant changes in clinical practice.

Objective:

This review aims to discuss studies of clinical importance published in preeminent journals over the time period 2017–2020, which may have the potential to influence our current management protocols.

Methods:

In this review, key articles have been selected to represent neuroemergencies where recent evidence may prompt changes in practice. In preparing this article, contents of prominent journals between 2017 and 2020 were reviewed, and relevant articles were also identified from abstraction services. Areas chosen for consideration are high-quality trials researching the management of pathologies such as epilepsy, traumatic brain injury and acute ischemic stroke, cortical venous sinus thrombosis, as well as hemorrhagic stroke. For each subject, a brief review of the article is followed by “take home” points.

Conclusion:

We have attempted to perform a review of some of the highest impact medical journals from 2017 till 2020 and have summarized articles with the potential to change clinical practices for readers so that management protocols for acute neuroemergencies to ensure good outcomes may be formulated.
Cardiac Arrest in Frontal Lobe Epilepsy
Authors: Zhang Xinyue , Cui Li , Lin Weihong
Published: December 2021

Background:

Mechanisms involved in the causation of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) are not well understood. Ictal asystole has been identified as a cause of SUDEP in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Herein, we report a patient who developed cardiac arrest during the ictal period of frontal lobe epilepsy.

Case Report:

A 35-year-old man presented with a history of progressive nocturnal stiffness in the left lower extremity since 6 years and that of paroxysmal episodes of altered consciousness. In the last 2 years, he sustained epileptic seizures which presented as closed eyes, wheezy phlegm in the throat, facial pallor, moist cold skin, clenched fists, and limb stiffness; the episodes lasted 3–4 min. The seizures did not respond to antiepileptic therapy. Twenty four-hour electrocardiography monitoring showed transient atrial tachycardia, supraventricular premature beats, and cardiac arrest.

Conclusion:

Frontal lobe epilepsy may be a potential cause of SUDEP. Clinician should be aware of this condition.
Levetiracetam Use During Pregnancy in Women With Active Epilepsy
Authors: Sharma Shri Ram , Sharma Nalini , Hussain Masaraf , Mobing Hibung , Hynniewta Yasmeen
Published: December 2021

Background and Purpose:

Epilepsy during pregnancy is a therapeutic challenge. Since the 1990s, the number of licensed antiepileptic drugs has substantially increased, but safety data on managing epilepsy during conception, pregnancy, and postpartum period use of newer generation antiepileptic drugs and birth defects are limited. We analyzed efficacy and safety of levetiracetam during pregnancy in northeast Indian women with active epilepsy (WWAE) which is being presented here.

Design:

Hospital based retrospective study.

Patients and Methods:

A retrospective analysis was conducted based on clinical records at a tertiary care teaching hospital and referral center in Northeast India between June 2008 through June 2018 without any personal identifying information. The Obstetric data from pregnancy register was supplemented with detailed neurologic data retrieved from medical records.

Results:

Of 103 women with active epilepsy, 47 (45.6%) received levetiracetam as monotherapy and 56 (54.4%) as polytherapy. During pregnancy, the seizure frequency was unchanged, or the change was better in the majority (61.1%) of the patients. With one twin pregnancy, there were 96 live births, 5 spontaneous abortions, 2 induced abortions, 1 stillbirth. However, the rate of small for gestational age was higher in WWAE, Apgar score at 5 min was lower in infants of WWAE, and the need for care in the neonatal ward and neonatal intensive care was higher. Seven of 103 exposed pregnancies had a major congenital malformation (6.79%), all 7 were exposed to other antiepileptic drugs. Generalized epilepsy accounted for 57.2%.

Conclusion:

Pregnancy course is uncomplicated and neonatal outcome is good in the majority of women with active epilepsy with proper antenatal and neurologic care. Levetiracetam taken in monotherapy can be considered as safer alternative for women with epilepsy of childbearing age. Long-term follow-up of neuropsychological and cognitive development of the children of WWAE is still needed.
Trigeminal Neuralgia from an Arteriovenous Malformation of the Trigeminal Root Entry Zone with a Flow-Related Feeding Artery Aneurysm
Authors: Das Kuntal K , Gosal Jaskaran S , Ashish Kumar , Gandhi Anish , Jaiswal Awadhesh K , Behari Sanjay
Published: December 2021

Idiopathic trigeminal neuralgia (TN) due to an embedded arteriovenous malformation (AVM) on the trigeminal root entry zone (REZ) is rare but a potentially challenging condition to manage. Herein, we report such a case with an additional unruptured aneurysm on the feeding artery and highlight the role of a multimodality approach to their management. A 50-year-old female presented with drug-resistant right-sided trigeminal neuralgia for one year. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) suggested a possibility of AVM, the angiographic study showed an AVM nidus with feeders from the right anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) and a dilated right intrinsic pontine artery, the latter showing a flow-related aneurysm towards its brainstem end. The flow-related aneurysm, as well as the dilated intrinsic pontine artery feeder, was embolized at first. During surgery, the AVM was found embedded inside the root entry zone. Parts of the AVM and its draining vein were partially coagulated followed by microvascular decompression of the AICA loop as well as a feeder emanating from it following which the patient recovered completely. She subsequently received gamma knife surgery (GKS) for the residual AVM and remained asymptomatic after 3.5 years of GKS. AVM-related TN are rare, and the additional presence of a feeding artery aneurysm increases the management complexity. Endovascular management of the aneurysm followed by microvascular decompression (MVD) and tailored AVM coagulation represent a prompt and effective means of pain control. Subsequent GKS is necessary to obliterate the AVM nidus.
Robotic-Guided Stereoelectroencephalography for Refractory Epilepsy
Authors: Doddamani Ramesh S , Samala Raghu , Subianto Heri , Ramanujam Bhargavi , Tripathi Manjari , Chandra Poodipedi S
Published: December 2021

Background:

Stereoelectroencephalography (SEEG) has become an integral part of epilepsy surgery, often used in the localization of the epileptogenic zone. It is an essential modality not only in the evaluation of nonlesional but also lesional drug refractory epilepsy, especially in the presence of anatomo-electro-clinical discordance.

Objective:

To describe our technique and the operative nuances involved in the performance of robotic SEEG placement.

Methods:

A 28-year lady with seizure onset at the age of 15 years presented with two types of seizures: one was associated with an aura of chest discomfort, palpitations along with oral and bilateral automatisms. There was associated speech and behavioral arrest along with ictal urinary incontinence. The other type has head turning to the right with secondary generalization lasting up to 1 min.

Results:

Multimodality investigations showed bilateral temporal origin of seizures. SEEG evaluation revealed left amygdala and anterior temporal neocortical (ATL) origin of seizures. The patient underwent left ATL and amygdalectomy. Histopathology revealed focal cortical dysplasia (FCD type Ib). The patient became seizure free (ILAE Class 1) at 1-year follow up.

Conclusion:

Robotic-guided SEEG is a safe and accurate method of evaluating complex MRI negative epilepsy.
Complications Encountered with ETV in Infants with Congenital Hydrocephalus
Authors: Verma Rajat , Srivastava Chhitij , Ojha Bal Krishna , Chandra Anil , Garg R K , Kohli Monica , Malhotra Hardeep Singh , Parihar Anit , Tripathi Shalini
Published: December 2021

Background:

Hydrocephalus is an abnormal excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the cavity and spaces of the brain. Endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) has been an established treatment modality for congenital hydrocephalus. However, in very young infants, the results are challenging. In our study, we have evaluated whether ETV really offers an acceptable complication-free postoperative course.

Objective:

To study the complication and mortality rate in infants having congenital hydrocephalus treated with ETV.

Materials and Methods:

This is a single-center prospective study conducted at the Department of Neurosurgery, K. G. M. U, Lucknow, from January 2019 to February 2020. We studied 40 infants presenting with clinical and radiological features suggestive of congenital hydrocephalus. Follow-up was done at the first, third, and sixth months after discharge.

Results:

Nineteen infants (47.5%) required a second CSF diversion procedure at 6 months of follow-up. The failure rate was significantly higher in infants less than 3 months of age (P value of 0.04). The ETV site bulge was the most frequent complication encountered in the postoperative period, occurring in 20% of the cases. Eventually, all these infants required a ventriculoperitoneal shunt; 15% developed clinical features consistent with the diagnosis of post-ETV meningitis. The ETV site CSF leak occurred in 10% of the patients. Subdural hygroma developed in 7.5% of the patients; 17.5% of the patients contributed to mortality with a mean time of expiry of 22 days post-procedure. All these deaths had multifactorial causes and could not be said as a complication or failure of ETV.

Conclusion:

We do not recommend ETV for infants less than 3 months because of a high failure rate. The ETV site bulge was the most reliable and earliest marker of failure and a second CSF diversion surgery should be immediately considered.
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 Related Hydrocephalus
Authors: Roth Jonathan , Constantini Shlomi
Published: December 2021

The prevalence of hydrocephalus among patients with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) is estimated to be between 1 and 13%. Aqueductal webs, chiasmatic-hypothalamic tumors, and thalamic mass effect related to NF changes are the common causes of NF1-related hydrocephalus. Brain tumors and moyamoya syndrome may mimic the clinical presentation of hydrocephalus in children with NF1, and should be ruled out while evaluating children with headaches. Treatment of NF1-related hydrocephalus should be personally tailored, including shunts, endoscopic procedures such as septostomy and third ventriculostomy, and tumor resection or debulking. Despite these personalized treatments, many of the primary treatments (including shunts and endoscopic procedures) fail, and patients should be screened and followed accordingly. In the current manuscript, we review the causes of NF1-related hydrocephalus, as well as treatment options.
Post Traumatic Hydrocephalus
Authors: Rufus Phelix , Moorthy Ranjith K , Joseph Mathew , Rajshekhar Vedantam
Published: December 2021

Background:

Post-traumatic hydrocephalus (PTH) is a sequel of traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is seen more often in patients undergoing decompressive craniectomy (DC). It is associated with prolonged hospital stay and unfavorable outcomes.

Objective:

To study the incidence and risk factors for development of PTH in patients undergoing DC in our institution and to review the literature on PTH with respect to incidence, risk factors, pathophysiology, and outcomes of management.

Methods:

Data from 95 patients (among 220 patients who underwent DC for TBI and fulfilled the inclusion criteria) over a 5-year period at Christian Medical College, Vellore were collected and analyzed to study the incidence and possible risk factors for development of PTH. A review of the literature on PTH was performed by searching PUBMED resources.

Results:

Thirty (31.6%) out of 95 patients developed post-traumatic ventriculomegaly, of whom seven (7.3%) developed symptomatic PTH, necessitating placement of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS). No risk factor for development of PTH could be identified. The reported incidence of PTH in the literature is from 0.07% to 29%, with patients undergoing DC having a higher incidence. Younger age, subarachnoid hemorrhage, severity of TBI, presence of subdural hygroma, and delayed cranioplasty after DC are the main risk factors reported in the literature.

Conclusions:

PTH occurs in a significant proportion of patients with TBI and can lead to unfavorable outcomes. PTH has to be distinguished from asymptomatic ventriculomegaly as early as possible so that a CSF diversion procedure can be planned early during development of PTH.
Indian Society of Pediatric Neurosurgery Consensus Guidelines on Preventing and Managing Shunt Infection
Authors: Udayakumaran Suhas , Pillai Shibu , Dwarakanath Srinivas , Bhattacharjee Suchanda , Mehrotra Naveen , Raju Subodh , Gupta Deepak , Panigrahi Manas , Venkataramana Neelam K , Rajshekhar Vedantam , Sankhla Suresh
Published: December 2021

Background:

Shunt infection is the most significant morbidity associated with shunt surgery. Based on the existing literature for the prevention and management of shunt infection, region and resource-specific recommendations are needed.

Methods:

In February 2020, a Guidelines Development Group (GDG) was created by the Indian Society of Paediatric Neurosurgery (IndSPN) to formulate guidelines on shunt infections, which would be relevant to our country and LMIC in general. An initial email survey identified existing practices among the membership of the IndSPN, and eight broad issues pertaining to shunt infection were identified. Next, members of the GDG performed a systematic review of the literature on the prevention and management of shunt infection. Then, through a series of virtual meetings of the GDG over 1 year, evidence from the literature was presented to all the members and consensus was built on different aspects of shunt infection. Finally, the guidelines document was drafted and circulated among the GDG for final approval. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system was used to grade the evidence and strength of recommendation.

Results:

The guidelines are divided into eight sections. Level I and Level II evidence was available for only five recommendations and led to a moderate level of recommendations. Most of the available evidence was at Level III and below, and hence the level of recommendation was low or very low. A consensus method was used to provide recommendations for several issues.

Conclusions:

Although most of the recommendations for the prevention and management of shunt infections are based on a low level of evidence, we believe that this document will provide a useful reference to neurosurgeons not only in India but also in other low and middle income countries. These guidelines need to be updated as and when new evidence emerges.
Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy And Choroid Plexus Coagulation in Infants
Authors: Baticulon Ronnie E , Dewan Michael C
Published: December 2021

Background:

The global burden of pediatric hydrocephalus is high, causing significant morbidity and mortality among children especially in low- and middle-income countries. It is commonly treated with ventriculoperitoneal shunting, but in recent years, the combined use of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) and choroid plexus coagulation (CPC) has enabled patients to live without a shunt.

Objective:

We aim to give an overview of ETV+CPC for the treatment of hydrocephalus in infants, focusing on patient selection, perioperative care, and long-term follow-up.

Methods and Material:

We summarize observational studies and randomized trials on the efficacy and safety ETV+CPC, mainly from Uganda and North America. The equipment needs and operative steps of ETV+CPC are enumerated. At the end of the article, three illustrative cases of infants who underwent ETV+CPC with differing outcomes are presented.

Results:

The likelihood of success following ETV+CPC is the highest among infants older than 1 month, those with noninfectious hydrocephalus (e.g., aqueductal stenosis and myelomeningocele), and those previously without a shunt. Poor outcomes are seen in patients with posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus or evidence of cisternal scarring. Failure of ETV+CPC most commonly occurs within 3–6 months of surgery.

Conclusions:

ETV+CPC is an effective and safe alternative to ventriculoperitoneal shunting in appropriately selected infants with hydrocephalus. Long-term studies on functional and neurocognitive outcomes following ETV+CPC will help guide clinicians in decision making, allowing as many children as possible to attain shunt freedom.
Chiari 1 and Hydrocephalus – A Review
Authors: Sharma Himanshu , Treiber Jeffrey M , Bauer David F
Published: December 2021

Chari 1 malformation, a radiologic finding of caudal cerebellar tonsillar displacement, has a clinical course that can range from benign to complications involving life-threatening hydrocephalus. While the pathophysiologic processes underlying this variation in outcome remain a matter of scientific debate, the clinical realities and decision-making conundrums that these patients pose require a coherent approach to this entity. In this review, we seek to highlight the various processes underlying the development of hydrocephalus in patients with Chiari 1 malformations. Hydrocephalus may occur as a cause, consequence, or in parallel with the development of Chiari 1 malformation, and understanding the etiology of such hydrocephalus is critical to the treatment of Chiari 1 malformations with associated hydrocephalus. We further discuss the literature pertaining to the management of these patients and unify the current scientific thinking on Chiari 1 malformations with the extant data on operative management of Chiari 1 to develop a structured and pragmatic approach to the diagnosis and management of patients with Chiari 1-associated hydrocephalus.
Hydrocephalus in Children
Authors: Raybaud Charles , Krishnan Pradeep
Published: December 2021

Concepts about the production, absorption, dynamics, and physiological roles of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have dramatically changed over the recent decades. This article will review these new concepts and detail how they must be used for a better assessment and a better understanding of the various aspects of hydrocephalus by using neuroradiological tools.
Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Caregiver's Burden in Parkinson's Disease Patients in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital in South India
Authors: Jose Anmi , Bhargavan Ajith , Appireddy Ramana , Raghunath P S , Rajan Reeja , Iype Thomas
Published: December 2021

Background:

In patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), the occurrence of motor and non-motor symptoms increases with disease progression. The range of neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) vary among individuals and can be burdensome for caregivers. Only a few studies have identified the contributing factors of NPS and caregiver burden in India.

Objectives:

We aimed to study the clinical profile, disability, and predictive factors of NPS in PD patients and associated caregiver's burden.

Methods and Material:

This was a cross-sectional observational study carried out in PD patients and their respective caregivers attending a movement disorder clinic in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Kerala. A total of 104 patients diagnosed with idiopathic PD receiving levodopa therapy and who had a primary caregiver were enrolled in the study. Structured questionnaires were administered to both patients and caregivers to collect data. Data analysis was done using an independent t-test, linear, and multiple regression analysis.

Results:

Among 104 patients recruited for the study, 61.5% of patients had shown at least one NPS and 40.44% showed multiple NPS. Results from the study showed that depression is the primary NPS occurring in IPD patients (55.8%) followed by irritability, anxiety, and apathy. On linear regression models, the prime determinant of NPS was the Everyday Abilities Scale for India (EASI). For caregiver burden, the main determinants were the presence of NPS, duration of caregiving, EASI, and RBDSQ score.

Conclusions:

NPS in PD are highly associated with and are determinants of caregiver burden. Detailed assessment and specific interventions aimed at NPS could alleviate caregiver burden.
Is the Next Generation Sequencing the Essential Tool for the Early Diagnostic Approach in Congenital Muscular Dystrophy? New Mutation in the Gen LMNA Associated with Serious Phenotype
Authors: Ávila Guillermo Martín , González Ana Pinel , Abad Araceli , Fournier Belén Gil , León Soraya Ramiro , Corral Jaime Antonio Medranda , Fernández Carlos Piquero
Published: December 2021

Background:

Laminopathies are a group of diseases caused by mutations in the LMNA gene. Congenital dystrophy of the LMN is a rare disease, with less than 100 cases described in the literature.

Objectives and Materials and Methods:

We present the clinical case of a patient with congenital muscular dystrophy associated with an undescribed mutation in the LMNA gene.

Results:

The patient presented progressive motor delay from 10 months with a physical examination consisting of global hypotonia, bilateral winged scapula, areflexia, hip and knee flexion posture, and positive Gowers. The patient developed progressive weakness with neck tone loss, functional impairment, and loss of gait at 5 years.

Conclusions:

To date, more than 20 mutations associated with congenital LMNA muscular dystrophy have been identified, most due to a single amino acid change (aa), few due to the gain or loss of several aa as in our patient.
Mucopolysacharidosis Type I Presenting as Bipolar Affective Disorder
Authors: Saraf Udit U , Jose Jithu , Krishnan Syam , Sreedharan Sapna Erat
Published: December 2021

Mucopolysacharidosis type I is a multisystem disease and often presents with neurobehavioral problems, corneal clouding, cardiac valve involvement, hepatomegaly, coarse facies, and skeletal abnormalities. It has three subtypes – with Hurler subtype (MPS-1H) being the most severe phenotype with early neurological involvement, rapid progression and mortality, while the other two subtypes – Hurler-Scheie (MPS-1H/S) and Scheie (MPS-1S) are of intermediate and milder severity, respectively. Even though neuropsychiatric symptoms have often been reported in the pediatric age group, MPS type I presenting as a major psychiatric illness in adulthood has rarely been reported in literature. Here, we report a female presenting as bipolar affective disorder in the fourth decade of life, where neuroimaging and systemic involvement gave a clue to the diagnosis.
MiR-191-5p Disturbed the Angiogenesis in a Mice Model of Cerebral Infarction by Targeting Inhibition of BDNF
Authors: Wu Ying , Yang* Sijin , Zheng Zhi , Pan Hong , Jiang Yundong , Bai Xue , Liu Tianzhu , Deng Shiyu , Li Yaqin
Published: December 2021

Background:

miRNAs are crucial regulators of angiogenesis, but there have been no detailed studies on the role of miR-191-5p in cerebral infarct angiogenesis. Here, we investigated the role of miR-191-5p in regulating cerebral infarction angiogenesis.

Material and Methods:

Mice were injected intracerebroventricularly with antagomir negative control (NC-antagomir), miR-191-5p antagomir, or pcDNA-BDNF 2 h before middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), followed by neurobehavioral score and foot-fault test. The cerebral infarct volume was performed by TTC staining. The microvessel density was detected by FITC-dextran. RT-qPCR was used to detect the levels of miR-191-5p and its target gene BDNF. Western blotting was applied to detect the protein levels of BDNF. The luciferase reporter assay verified that miR-191-5p targeted BDNF.

Results:

We found an increased level of miR-191-5p in the brain tissue of mice to MCAO. Down-regulation of miR-191-5p reduced the infarct volume and ameliorated neurological deficits in MCAO mice. Further investigation showed that miR-191-5p directly targeted BDNF and that the protective effect of miR-191-5p inhibition in angiogenesis was achieved by regulating BDNF.

Conclusions:

Our results indicated that miR-191-5p disturbed the angiogenesis in the mouse models of cerebral infarction by inhibiting BDNF.
MPV17 Gene Variant Mutation Presenting as Leucoencephalopathy with Peripheral Neuropathy
Authors: Mundlamuri Ravindranadh Chowdary , Divate Pradeep , Satishchandra Parthasarthy
Published: December 2021

Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndromes (MDS) are rare mitochondrial disorders with evolving broad genotype and phenotype. This is a first case report from India about MPV 17, a mitochondrial inner membrane protein gene variant mutation, presenting with neuropathy, leucoencephalopathy and subclinical hepatic dysfunction with detailed clinical and imaging description.