bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production analysis of catenary support made from polymeric composite materials
Authors: Kochunov Yuriy , Volgin Evgeniy , Chebakov Sergey
Published: May 2019

Objective: To apply polymeric composite materials in the process of producing overhead structures and to study its serviceability. Methods: Statistical data analysis of the supporting structures condition underlies the study in question. Results: The total number of supporting structures which were on the balance shit of “Transenergo” – OAO “RZhD” subsidiary was determined. A review of the current and promising directions aimed at the reliability growth of the structures in question was fulﬁlled. The as- sessment of properties and characteristics of supporting poles made from polymeric composite materials, and produced by means of different technologies, was carried out. Practical importance: The obtained results can be used in the design of new supporting poles for overhead structures, and as theoretical material for university students.
Optimization specificities of electric propulsion power supply subsystem on railway transport
Authors: Marikin Alexander , Stepanova Kseniya
Published: May 2019

Objective: To assess the basic factors, innovative technologies, on the basis of which an integrated network of electriﬁed lines of high-speed rail is to be created in Russia. Methods: Optimization of the traction power supply system according to characteristic criteria of resources and energy efﬁciency minimization. Results: Quality indices of power supply of hauling operations, voltage level of collectors for different electric propulsion systems with direct and single-phase alternating current were analyzed. The key factors, signiﬁcantly inﬂuencing the performance indices, are the voltage level and type of current of an electric powered network. It was shown that the system of electric propulsion is a promissory system and possesses the best competitiveness indices, as its electric power supply subsystem is functioning on high-voltage direct current with the use of a 24 kW direct current electric stock on the basis of a new multipurpose generation converting complex. Practical importance: The suggested justiﬁcation method of electriﬁcation variant by means of a dependence diagram depicting spacing between substations and catenary wire section makes it possible to justify a competitive high-voltage direct current electric propulsion system during the design of electric power infrastructure for busy railway lines.
The possibility of processing rock dump of the Luhansk region coal mines: environmental and geochemical justification
Authors: Verekh-Belousova Ekaterina , Titova Tamila
Published: May 2019

Objective: To justify ecologically and geochemically rock dump processability of the Luhansk region coal mine for obtaining metals. Methods: The common methods of chemical and physicochemical analysis of debris, soil and vegetation samples as well as the valuation methods of ecological situation were applied. Results: The research data on migration of heavy metals to soils contiguous to dump and in the “soilplant” system were presented. The type of ecological situation when heavy metals pollute vegetation was established. The main cause of heavy metals migration is in the processes of chemical and biochemical oxidation of sulﬁde minerals being a part of stock debris as well as the processes of sulfuric acid formation. It was shown that debris contained a large number of metals with ferrous oxide, aluminum and silicon prevailing. While the debris of coal mines could be regarded as lean aluminum raw material. Practical importance: It was suggested to use natural processes for the formation of sulfuric acid in debris for the purpose of biochemical oxidation of aluminum as the main method of reducing the environmental impact and rational use of natural resources.
On the problem of using the bridge span as a tuned mass damper of bridge pier oscillation
Authors: Nesterova Olga
Published: May 2019

Objective: To identify the area of effective use of bridge span as a tuned mass damper of bridge pier oscillation during earthquake in seismic areas. Methods: Numerical simulation of oscillations of the “bridge pier with span” system under both the impact set by the harmonic rule and the records of past earthquake accelerograms. Results: The area of effective use of bridge span structures as a tuned mass damper of bridge piers’ oscillation during earthquake in seismic areas has been defined. The concept of the relative critical mass of the span used as a tuned mass damper of bridge piers’ oscillation during earthquake has been introduced. When the spun structure mass reaches the critical value, the effect of the tuned mass damper disappears. The dependences of the optimal parameters of the connection between the span and pier on the relative span mass used as a tuned mass damper have been obtained. It has been found that the span critical mass used as a tuned mass damper decreases when the pier damping increases, and the dependences of the optimal parameters of the connection between the span structure and the pier on the damping in the pier body have been obtained. Practical importance: The possibility of using span as a tuned mass damper of piers is shown. The optimum characteristics of the span and its connection with the pier body have been obtained to be used in designing. The use of span as a tuned mass damper in piers can significantly reduce labor input and the cost of bridge building in seismic areas. It also facilitates the elimination of consequences of devastating earthquakes.
Application of linear classifier for technical state identification of the diesel engine
Authors: Panchenko Maksim , Grachev Vladimir , Grishchenko Alexander , Bazilevskiy Fedor
Published: May 2019

Objective: To analyze application possibilities of a linear classifier for identification of a diesel’s technical state by the crankshaft instantaneous speed signal. Methods: SVM linear classifier is used for identification of the current diesel technical state class by means of a pulse rate-of-turntransducer stress scanning image autocorrelation matrix of the diesel crankshaft. In order to provide the possibility of a visual display of results matrix dimensions were reduced to 22, informative parameters selection as well as classification quality control were carried out by means of 5-fold cross check (cross-validation). Results: 16ChN26/26 (1-8DG) diesel locomotive engine is the object of research. The former is operating in modes 350, 770 and 845 r/min both with all cylinder barrels functioning and with dead 5-m and 8-m right cylinder barrels. It was established that the application of a linear classifier synthesized by means of the support vector machine, makes it possible to detect single failures within the accuracy up to 100 % and multiple failures within the accuracy of 75–100 %. Practical importance: The described method for determination of the diesel locomotive engine technical state can be applied for diesel-powered locomotives in use to reduce the expenses on diesel engine repair.
Problems of economic effects assessment from digital technologies applying in urban transport systems
Authors: Volkova Elena , Lyakina Maria , Strimovskaya Anna
Published: May 2019

Objective: To clarify the existing methods for the assessment of economic effects arising from modern digital technologies applying in urban transport systems. Nowadays, there is an intensive digitalization process in various industries, including transport. This requires the development of relevant methods for assessing the economic efficiency of investments in digitization projects. Methods: To achieve the goal we used such general scientific research methods as observation, analysis, generalization, and analogy. Results: Information about the possibilities of new digital technologies applying in urban transport systems has been digested. The main positive effects arising from digitalization in urban transport systems have been highlighted. Taking into account the specific character of urban transport systems, classification of these effects based on the possibility of their cost estimation has been developed. The authors focus on the debatable issues arising in the process of cost estimation. Practical importance: It is possible to use the results of the research in the planning for the development of urban transport systems, as well as for economic efficiency assessment in digitalization projects aimed at improving the quality of passenger transport services. The results of the research can be used by regulatory authorities and transport companies for the economic efficiency assessment of smart urban transport systems.
Hybrid Analytical Platform Based on Field-Asymmetric Ion Mobility Spectrometry, Infrared Sensing, and Luminescence-Based Oxygen Sensing for Exhaled Breath Analysis
Authors: Hagemann L. Tamina , Repp Stefan , Mizaikoff Boris
Published: May 2019

The reliable online analysis of volatile compounds in exhaled breath remains a challenge as a plethora of molecules occur in different concentration ranges (i.e. ppt to %), and need to be detected against an extremely complex background matrix. While this complexity is commonly addressed by hyphenating a specific analytical technique with appropriate preconcentration and/or preseparation strategies prior to detection, we herein propose the combination of three analytical tools based on truly orthogonal measurement principles as an alternative solution: field-asymmetric ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS), Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy-based sensors utilizing substrate-integrated hollow waveguides (iHWG), and luminescence sensing (LS). These three tools have been integrated into a single compact analytical platform suitable for online exhaled breath analysis. The analytical performance of this prototype system was tested via artificial breath samples containing nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), carbon dioxide (CO2) and acetone as a model volatile organic compound (VOC) commonly present and detected in breath. Functionality of the combined system was demonstrated by detecting these analytes in their respectively breath-relevant concentration range and mutually independent of each other generating orthogonal yet correlated analytical signals. Finally, adaptation of the system towards the analysis of real breath samples during future studies is discussed.
Suspected Heroin Overdoses in US Emergency Departments, 2017–2018
Authors: Vivolo-Kantor Alana Marie , Hoots Brooke , David Felicita , Gladden R. Matthew
Published: May 2019

Objectives. To describe changes in suspected heroin overdose emergency department (ED) visits.

Methods. We analyzed quarterly and yearly changes in heroin overdoses during 2017–2018 by using data from 23 states and jurisdictions (including the District of Columbia) funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Enhanced State Opioid Overdose Surveillance program. The analyses included the Pearson χ 2 test to detect significant changes.

Results. Both sexes, all age groups, and some states exhibited increases from quarter 1 (Q1) 2017 to Q2 2017 and significant decreases in both quarters from Q3 2017 to Q1 2018 in heroin overdose ED visits. Overall, there was a significant yearly decline of 21.5% in heroin overdose ED visits. Three states had significant yearly increases (Illinois, Indiana, and Utah), and 9 states (Kentucky, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, West Virginia, and Wisconsin) and the District of Columbia had significant decreases.

Conclusions. We identified decreases in heroin overdose ED visits from 2017 through 2018, but these declines were not consistent among states. Even with the possibility of a stabilization or slowing of this epidemic, it is important that the field of public health and its partners implement strategies to prevent overdoses and target emerging hot spots.
Factors Influencing Resident Satisfaction and Fellowship Selection in Orthopaedic Training Programs
Authors: Li Xinning , Pagani Nicholas , Curry Emily J. , Alolabi Bashar , Dickens Jonathan F. , Miller Anna N. , Mesfin Addisu
Published: May 2019

Background:

There is limited literature available about educational satisfaction and fellowship selection among orthopaedic surgery residents. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that influence resident subspecialty career choice, fellowship selection, and satisfaction with orthopaedic training programs.

Methods:

A self-report survey was electronically administered to orthopaedic surgery residents at 44 academic centers in the United States and Canada. Basic demographic information and level of satisfaction with a number of factors (surgical independence, mentorship opportunities, etc.) were evaluated using a 5-point Likert scale ranging from “excellent” to “poor.” Summary statistics and group differences for discrete variables were compared with use of a chi-square test.

Results:

Of the 283 respondents, 77% rated residency program satisfaction as “very good” or “excellent,” and 93% said they would choose the same training program again. Decreased surgical independence (p < 0.01), poor faculty reputation (p < 0.01), reduced volume and variety of cases (p < 0.01), inadequate mentorship (p < 0.01), and reduced educational opportunities (p < 0.01) were associated with low satisfaction. Surgical variety and job opportunities were the top 2 factors contributing to subspecialty choice. Sports medicine and joints were the most popular career choices; case volume, surgical variety, and program reputation were the top factors contributing to fellowship program selection.

Conclusions:

In order to achieve resident satisfaction, orthopaedic training programs should strive to improve resident surgical independence, surgical case variety, mentorship programs, faculty reputation, and educational opportunities. Important factors for fellowship program selection include case volume, surgical variety, and overall program reputation.
No Difference in Outcomes Detected Between Decellular Nerve Allograft and Cable Autograft in Rat Sciatic Nerve Defects
Authors: Tang Peter , Whiteman Daniel R. , Voigt Clifford , Miller Mark C. , Kim Hongkyun
Published: May 2019

Background:

Nerve injuries with a gap/defect represent a clinical challenge without a clear solution. Reconstruction with cable autografts is a common treatment technique, and repair with decellular nerve allograft is a newer option. The purpose of this study was to compare the functional outcomes of reconstruction with cable autografts with those of matched-diameter decellular nerve allografts to evaluate the relative importance of diameter as well as the autograft-versus-allograft nature of the reconstruction.

Methods:

A unilateral 10-mm sciatic nerve defect was created in 81 genetically identical male Lewis rats and then repaired with a reverse autograft, 4 or 5 sural nerve cable autografts, or a matched-diameter decellular nerve allograft. In each group, at each time point (12, 16, and 20 weeks), all 9 animals underwent functional testing and 5 of the 9 underwent histologic analysis. Functional testing included bilateral measurements of the isometric tetanic force of the tibialis anterior (primary outcome), the weight of the tibialis anterior, and the gastrocnemius compound muscle action potential (CMAP) latency. Histologic evaluation included an axon count as well as measurement of the axon density, fiber diameter, myelin thickness, and G-ratio.

Results:

The repair groups did not differ significantly in terms of isometric tetanic force, muscle weight, or CMAP latency, but these measurements did differ significantly according to the time after surgery (p < 0.05). The isometric tetanic force percent recovery (width of the 95% confidence interval) for the reverse autograft, cable autograft, and decellular nerve allograft was 57.7% (15.6%), 57.0% (23.4%), and 56.0% (19.7%), respectively, at 12 weeks; 69.1% (14.7%), 65.6% (18.5%), and 65.9% (29.1%) at 16 weeks; and 72.5% (18.2%), 73.7% (25.6%), and 71.8% (22.4%) at 20 weeks. Isometric tetanic force and muscle weight recovery were greater and CMAP latency was shorter at 20 and 16 weeks after surgery than they were at 12 weeks. The treatment type did not affect any of the histologic outcomes.

Conclusions:

In this animal study, we found that matched-diameter decellular nerve allograft was not significantly different from reverse autograft or cable graft reconstruction in terms of function and histologic outcomes. These findings support decellular nerve allograft as a viable treatment option for nerve reconstruction.

Clinical Relevance:

This study showed that decellular nerve allograft was no different from cable or reverse autograft in terms of outcome measures in a rat sciatic nerve defect model. If these results are applicable clinically, it would obviate the need for autograft nerve harvest and its ensuing donor site morbidity.
Revision Total Hip Arthroplasty for the Treatment of Fracture: More Expensive, More Complications, Same Diagnosis-Related Groups
Authors: Hevesi Mario , Wyles Cody C. , Yao Jie J. , Maradit-Kremers Hilal , Habermann Elizabeth B. , Glasgow Amy E. , Bews Katherine A. , Ransom Jeanine E. , Visscher Sue L. , Lewallen David G. , Berry Daniel J.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Revision total hip arthroplasty (revision THA) occurs for a wide variety of indications and in the United States it is coded under Diagnosis-Related Groups (DRGs) 466, 467, and 468, which do not account for revision etiology, a potentially substantial driver of cost. This study investigates revision THA costs and 30-day complications by indication, both locally and nationally.

Methods:

Hospitalization costs and complication rates for 1,422 aseptic revision THAs performed at a high-volume center between 2009 and 2014 were retrospectively reviewed. Additionally, charges for 28,133 revision THAs in the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) were converted to costs using the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project cost-to-charge ratios, and 30-day complication rates for 3,224 revision THAs were obtained with use of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP). Costs and complications were compared between revision THAs performed for fracture, wear/loosening, and dislocation/instability with use of simultaneous and pairwise comparisons and a multivariable model accounting for American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, age, and sex.

Results:

Local hospitalization costs for fracture (median, $25,672) were significantly higher than those for wear/loosening ($20,228; p < 0.001) or dislocation/instability ($17,911; p < 0.001), with differences remaining significant even after adjusting for patient comorbidities (p < 0.001). NIS costs for fracture (median, $27,596) were higher than those for other aseptic indications (wear/loosening: $21,176, p < 0.001; dislocation/instability: $16,891, p< 0.001). Local 30-day orthopaedic complication rates for fracture (20.7%) were higher those than for dislocation/instability (9.0%; p = 0.007) and similar to those for wear/loosening (17.6%; p = 0.434). Nationally, combined medical and surgical complication rates for fracture (71.3% of patients with ≥1 complication) were significantly higher than those for wear/loosening (35.2%; p < 0.001) or dislocation/instability (35.1%; p < 0.001).

Conclusions:

Hospitalization costs for revision THA for fracture were 33% to 48% higher than for all other aseptic revision THAs, both locally and nationally. This increased cost persisted even after multivariable comorbidity adjustment, the current DRG basis for stratifying revision THA reimbursement. Additionally, 30-day complication rates suggest that increased resource utilization for fracture patients continues even after discharge. Indication-specific coding and reimbursement systems are necessary to maintain sustainable access to revision THA for all patients.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Natural History of the Dysplastic Hip Following Modern Periacetabular Osteotomy
Authors: Wyles Cody C. , Vargas Juan S. , Heidenreich Mark J. , Mara Kristin C. , Peters Christopher L. , Clohisy John C. , Trousdale Robert T. , Sierra Rafael J.
Published: May 2019

Background:

Periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is the most common treatment for symptomatic acetabular dysplasia, or developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH), in skeletally mature patients. The purpose of this multicenter cohort study was to delineate the long-term radiographic natural history of the dysplastic hip following PAO.

Methods:

We evaluated all patients undergoing PAO from 1996 to 2012 at 3 academic institutions in the United States. Inclusion criteria were PAO for DDH with a minimum 5-year radiographic follow-up. Exclusion criteria were PAO for isolated acetabular retroversion, neurogenic dysplasia, Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, and prior hip surgery including osteotomies and arthroscopy. There were 288 patients, 83% of whom were women; the mean age and body mass index (BMI) were 29 years and 25 kg/m2, respectively. The mean clinical and radiographic follow-up was 9.2 years (range, 5.0 to 21.1 years). Every preoperative and postoperative hip radiograph was assessed to determine the degree of osteoarthritis according to the Tönnis classification. Survivorship was analyzed by multistate modeling, enabling assessment of progression through the Tönnis grades rather than just individual transitions as with Kaplan-Meier techniques.

Results:

At the time of final follow-up, 144 patients (50%) had progressed at least 1 Tönnis grade, with 42 patients (14.6%) undergoing total hip arthroplasty. The mean number of years spent in each Tönnis grade following PAO was 19 for Tönnis grade 1, 8 for Tönnis grade 2, and 4 for Tönnis grade 3. The probability of progression to total hip arthroplasty increased significantly on the basis of a higher initial Tönnis grade (p < 0.001). The most marked difference occurred between Tönnis grade 0 or 1 and Tönnis grade 2; for Tönnis grade 1, the probability of progression to total hip arthroplasty at 5 and 10 years was 2% and 11%, respectively, compared with 23% and 53%, respectively, for Tönnis grade 2.

Conclusions:

PAO effectively alters the natural history of DDH. Precise radiographic progression based on the Tönnis grade can now be used to ascribe prognosis for the native hip. Importantly, this investigation demonstrates a stark increase in progression to total hip arthroplasty within 10 years of PAO for patients with preoperative Tönnis grade-2 osteoarthritis compared with those with Tönnis grade-0 or 1 osteoarthritis.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
“Obesity Paradox” Holds True for Patients with Hip Fracture
Authors: Modig Karin , Erdefelt Annelie , Mellner Carl , Cederholm Tommy , Talbäck Mats , Hedström Margareta
Published: May 2019

Background:

Hip fractures are associated with high mortality and reduced quality of life. Studies have reported a high body mass index (BMI) as being positively associated with survival when linked to old age and some chronic diseases. This phenomenon is called the “obesity paradox.” The association between BMI and survival after hip fracture has not been thoroughly studied in large samples, nor has to what extent the association is altered by comorbidities, sex, and age. The objective of this study was to investigate the association of BMI with survival after hip fracture and with the probability of returning to living at home after hip fracture.

Methods:

This cohort study was based on data from a prospectively maintained national registry of patients with hip fracture. A total of 17,756 patients ≥65 years of age who were treated for hip fracture during the period of 2013 to 2016, and followed until the end of 2017, were included. BMI was clinically assessed at hospital admission, comorbidity was measured with the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, and the date of death was retrieved from a national database. Self-reported data on living arrangements were assessed on admission and 4 months after fracture. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate the associations.

Results:

Despite ASA scores being similar among all BMI groups, obese patients had the highest 1-year survival and patients with a BMI of <22 kg/m2 had the lowest. Adjustment for potential confounders strengthened the associations. For the chance of returning to living at home, no advantage was seen for obese patients, but patients with a BMI of <22 kg/m2 had clearly worse odds compared with patients who were of normal weight, overweight, or obese.

Conclusions:

The obesity paradox appears to be true for hip fracture patients aged 65 and older. Attention should be given to patients with malnutrition and underweight status rather than to those with overweight status or obesity when developing the orthogeriatric care.

Level of Evidence

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
True Grit in Leadership
Authors: Samora Julie Balch , Ficke James R. , Mehta Samir , Weber Kristy
Published: May 2019

Grit is a positive noncognitive trait that is based on an individual’s passion for long-term goals, coupled with a powerful motivation to achieve. Grit has been shown to be a greater predictor of success than intelligence. As the curriculum for orthopaedic trainees continues to evolve, deliberate practice for surgical skills, encouraging a growth mindset, and enhancing grit may be as important as preparation for board examinations. Although talent and skill play a role in achievement, the effort put forth in developing a skill can dramatically affect the ultimate achievement. Therefore, grit is a trait that can be developed. As educators, we can encourage hard work, reflection, and appropriate risk-taking. Implicit biases and microaggressions occur on a daily basis within orthopaedics, and grit will be an important trait to possess in order to combat these biases. However, we also will have to work as a community to create a more welcoming culture to underrepresented groups so that we can provide the highest level of musculoskeletal care and improve patient outcomes.
First-Rib Stress Fracture in Overhead Throwing Athletes
Authors: Funakoshi Tadanao , Furushima Kozo , Kusano Hiroshi , Itoh Yuya , Miyamoto Azusa , Horiuchi Yukio , Sugawara Makoto , Itoh Yoshiyasu
Published: May 2019

Background:

First-rib stress fracture is considered a potential cause of nonspecific atraumatic chronic shoulder pain in adolescent athletes. However, the etiology in throwing athletes with first-rib fracture is still unknown. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the characteristic clinical features and radiographic findings of overhead throwing athletes with first-rib fracture.

Methods:

Twenty-four first-rib stress fractures in 23 players were studied retrospectively. Clinical features, including age, initial symptom, sports, pain-related activity, diagnostic method, treatment method, and final follow-up, were reviewed.

Results:

The following characteristic clinical features were identified: mean age of 16.8 years (range, 13 to 25 years), 19 dominant arm injuries and 5 non-dominant arm injuries, and an acute increase in pain while swinging the bat or pitching the ball. Sixteen fractures presented with posterior shoulder or upper thoracic back pain. At a mean time of 7.5 months after the initiation of conservative treatment, 17 healing fractures (71%) and 7 nonunion fractures (29%) among throwing athletes with first-rib stress fracture were identified. On image analysis, first-rib stress fractures were classified into 3 types depending on the direction and location of fracture lines: groove, intrascalene, and posterior types. Three symptomatic patients underwent first-rib resection due to thoracic outlet syndrome. On average, 46% of the first rib was visible on the shoulder radiographs and 97% was visible on the cervical spine radiographs. The Cohen kappa coefficient for the above percentages was 0.87 and the percent agreement was 89.4% for the shoulder, and the Cohen kappa coefficient was 0.80 and the percent agreement was 99.0% for the cervical spine.

Conclusions:

First-rib stress fracture should be considered when adolescent overhead throwing athletes have acute-onset posterior shoulder pain while swinging the bat or pitching the ball. Anteroposterior radiography of the cervical spine is available for initial diagnosis. Although 71% of the patients healed at a mean follow-up of 7.5 months with conservative treatment, some patients may have symptoms consistent with thoracic outlet syndrome.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Developing Skill-Based Materials for Helping D3 Nursing Students Go International
Authors: Yansyah Yansyah , Rafidiyah Dina , Nadia Hafizhatu
Published: May 2019

There are a lot of opportunities for nurses to pursue their career or to continue their study abroad. However, many of them are afraid of taking this chance for many reasons, including the lack of English skills.  This study aims to bridge the gap between the English language materials that does not suit the needs and demands of D3 Nursing to go international. The research method used is Research and Development adapting from Borg & Gall. The process of material development is based on the development phase of the Skill-Based Approach by Hutchinson & Water. The subjects of the study were 15 D3 nursing students from University of Muhammadiyah Banjarmasin. Mixed method was employed as the data analysis technique. The result of this study is six units materials accompanied with syllabus and lesson plans. The materials were good according to the experts’ validation and it significantly affected the students’ work-related language skills.
Implementasi Metode Problem Based Learning Pada Mata Pelajaran Al-Quran dan Hadist Untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Kognitif dan Penanaman Sikap Peduli Sosial Pada siswa MTs Negeri 1 Sidoarjo
Authors: Adawiyah Robiatul
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find out the application of learning methods of problem base learning to improve learning outcomes and social care attitudes of VIII-D students of MTs Negeri Siodarjo in the Koran and subjects. The research method uses classroom action research (CAR) which is carried out through the stages of cycle I and cycle II. Data collection techniques in research through observation, tests of cognitive learning outcomes and giving questionnaires. The results of the implementation of the problem based learning method for the first cycle were carried out with good criteria and for the second cycle it was carried out with very good criteria. The cognitive learning outcomes of Al-Quran subjects and Hadith for VIII D students in the first cycle reached 88.20% who achieved a score above KKM (minimum completeness criteria) that is set, and in the second cycle reaches 100% that reaches a score above the KKM (minimum completeness criteria). Whereas the students' social care attitude after applying problem based learning learning method in the Al-Qurana and Hadith subjects has a social caring attitude with the category for students of class VIII-D MTS Negeri 1 Sidoarjo.
Membentuk Karakter Siswa SMA Melalui Karakter Religius pada Novel Mahamimpi Anak Negeri Karya Suyatna Pamungkas
Authors: Abdulfatah Muhammad Rois , Widodo Sahid Teguh , Rohmadi Muhammad
Published: May 2019

This research is to know the values of religious character in the novel Mahamimpi Anak Negeri by Suyatna Pamungkas to build the character of high school students. The goal of this research is the formation of the religious character of high school students through the novel in the novel Mahamimpi Anak Negeri by Suyatna Pamungkas. This research method is descriptive qualitative. The technique of writing this data using content analysis. The results of this study First, the results of the discourse analysis found that describes the education of religious characters in the novel Mahamimmpi Anak Negeri Suyatna Pamungkas. Both discussions about the religious character of high school students through interviews with teachers.
Penggunaan Kamus Olahraga Berbasis Android dalam Penguasaan Istilah Asing Bidang Olahraga
Authors: Setyawan Farid Helmi , Bajuri Puput Eka
Published: May 2019

Based on the observation in the field, there are many problems with the meaning of the foreign word. From 100 students, 25 collage students and 25 teachers that become respondent, the average of them had the same problem about the meaning of the word or foreign vocabulary. This research aimed to describe the effectiveness of using sports dictionary based android system in teaching foreign vocabulary in sport areas. The method used in this research is Research and Development (R & D). The developed media is a sports dictionary with an Android system. The results showed that out of 150 respondents, 93% or 140 people agreed with the application. The application is very helpful for them in finding the meaning of a foreign term in the field of sports. From 150 respondents, 86 said the application was good in the system and appearance, 53 people said the application made searching easier but the display was still lacking, and 11 people said the application was normal and not helpful. The test results of using the application show 85% of respondents are easier to understand and remember the existing vocabulary. The findings of this study are the use of sports dictionary applications based android and combined with appropriate learning methods obtained the results of mastering foreign words in the field of sports can be maximised.
Implementasi Pembiasaan Pendidikan Islam dalam Membentuk Karakter Religius Siswa Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Fahmi Muhammad Nahdi , Susanto Sofyan
Published: May 2019

The era of globalization brings much impact on the lives of everyone from children, youth, adults and the elderly. Between positive and negative impacts, of course there are many negatives if we do not respond wisely. The role of character education in life is very important, especially religious education. With a strong religious education is also created a good human character. Based on the results of observation on elementary school students, there is a very poor problem related to their character. Character degradation is found in children of primary school age where they are easily affected by the negative influence of the development of the era. The purpose of this study is to describe the results of implementation of Islamic education in shaping the religious character of elementary school students. The method used in this research is action research. The subjects of this research are 5th grade students of SDN Tambakromo 2 of Ngawi Regency with a number of 25 people. The results of the study showed a significant change from the original 85% of children with character values below the average then after the action dropped to 13% of children who are still difficult to change their character. Of the 87% of respondents felt the habituation of Islamic education in life brought many changes in their religious character. Habits made include: carrying out morning exercises, memorizing letters in the Koran, praying in congregation, saying greetings, and saying politely. In monitoring all the habits, used diary daily activities.
Metode Montessori Berbantu Alat Peraga Matematika Berbahan Limbah Karet Spons untuk Mengembangkan Partisipasi Aktif Siswa SD
Authors: Susilawati Susilawati
Published: May 2019

The purpose of this study is to determine the implementation of Montessori learning methods based on mathematical props made from sponge rubber waste in developing active participation of fifth grade elementary school students. This study uses descriptive qualitative research methods using instruments in form of observation sheets, interview sheets, questionnaire sheets, and documentation. The collected data is analyzed by triangulation. The results showed that Montessori learning based on mathematics teaching aids made from sponge rubber waste can develop active participation of fifth grade students. Active participation of fifth grade students looks better when teachers apply Montessori learning method. This can be seen from the increase in the average value of students' active participation at each meeting. At the first meeting the average value of active student participation was 66.67, the second meeting was 73.91 and the third meeting was 81.52. This study recommends implement the learning methods needed with interesting tools, so that it can increase students’ active participation.
Analisis Learning Obstacle Pada Pembelajaran Nilai Tempat Siswa Kelas II SD
Authors: Lestarai Ulsana
Published: May 2019

The concept of place value is very important taught before student learned addition and subtraction.However, in reality student has learning obstacle when they learn place value. The aim of this research is to analize the student obstacles in 3 digit place value. This research is a qualitative research and involved 50 students of grade 2 elementary school. From the analysis of the data, i.e., student test results and student interview, the result is we found two obstacles, ie.,didactical and epistemological obstacle. Didacticalobstacleis caused by using horizontal representation strategy of place value in 2013 curriculum textbookdid not help student to interpret number from the point of view place value, so that when the student must sum the result of horizontal representation strategy, students only combine the number symbol instead of summing numbers. Another didacticalobstacleis examples and questions about place value in 2013 curriculum book are less varied that indirectly raises epistemological obstacle which lead to examples and questions are given by teacher are not varied.This finding needs to be followed up by conducting development research that can reduce learning obstacle that have been discovered
Pendidikan Ramah Anak dalam Standar Nasional Pendidikan Indonesia
Authors: Amrullah Muhlasin , Hikmah Khizanatul
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study is to find out child-friendly education within the framework of national education standards. This research is library research whose main sources are library data, all library data are analyzed by data analysis techniques with comparative descrip- tive techniques and critical analysis. Based on the results of educational research in Indonesia, it must at least meet the standards set by the government or known as BNSP badan nasional standar pendidikan or the minimum criteria must be met by educational institutions in conducting education, including 1) Competency Standards for Graduates, 2) Standard Contents 3 ) Process Standards, 4) Education Standards and Education Per- sonnel, 5) Facilities and Infrastructure Standards, 6) Management Standards, 7) Educa- tion Financing Standards, 8) Educational Assessment Standards, out of the eight criteria, education must fulfill the child-friendly elements, according to children's needs, providing affordable access to infrastructure for children, and providing comfort from all threats that threaten children both psychologically and physically.
Tingkat Keterampilan Dasar Mengajar Calon Guru Sekolah Dasar Pada Perkuliahan Mikroteaching
Authors: Yuanita Yuanita
Published: May 2019

This research is a descriptive qualitative research purposes to identify the level of basic teaching skills of the prospective primary school teachers through microteaching subject and to find out the problems of basic skills mastery of the prospective primary school teachers in STKIP Muhamamdiyah Bangka Belitung. There are 5 basic skills assesed, include: 1) asking skills, 2) strengthening skills, 3) providing variaton skills, 4) explaining lesson skills, 5) opening and closing skills. The subject of this research is 42 college students in fifth semester who took microteaching subjects in academic year of 2018/2019 as sample. This research was conducted for 6 months and the research instruments were in the form of observation sheets and interviews. The identification results of basic teaching skills showed that 1) mean score of asking skills is 80.36, categorized as excellent, 2) mean score of strengthening skills is 84.23, categorized as excellent, 3) mean score of giving variaton skills is 77.20, categorized as excellent, 4) mean score of explaining lesson skills is 75.51, categorized as good, 5) mean score of opening and closing skill is 77.45, categorized as excellent. While, the problems that is faced to the prospective primary school teacher on mastering the basic teaching skills are feeling nervous, thoughtless materials, the teaching process is not based on lesson plan set, and students lack of practice.
Efficiency Marketing Chain Analysis of Sangkuriang Catfish in Minapolitan Area
Authors: Gandhy Abel , Nurunisa Venty F , Situmeang Ternando
Published: May 2019

Aquaculture is an alternative of sustainable solution to meet the high demand of fish. One type of fish that is most easily cultivated and preferred by consumers is catfish. West Java Province is the largest producer of catfish, and Bogor is the central area of catfish production in West Java. Parung subdistrict, is one of Minapolitan Area in Bogor which focuses on catfish cultivation. As a Minapolitan Area, it is very important to examine the integration between each institution,examine which institutions involved in the supply chain to gather perfect market information and clear market identification. The objectives of this study are to analyzethe pattern of Sangkuriang catfish trading channel, the function of trading, and the efficiency of the catfish marketing chain. Selection of respondents using purposive sampling, by setting 50 of catfish cultivators as respondents. There are 4 marketing channels in Parung Subdistrict. Institutions involved in the marketing of catfish are cultivators, collecting traders, agents, market traders, Restaurant/Foodstalland end consumers.The second channel (Farmers-Retailers-Restaurant/Food Stall) is the most efficient channel.Shorter marketing chains create higher farmer’s share.
Efficacy of acetaminophen with and without oxycodone for analgesia in nonoperative treatment of extremity fractures in adults: Protocol for a double-blind randomized clinical trial
Authors: Gao Tao , Zhu Hongyi , Zhang Changqing , Chai Yimin , Guo Cheng , Zhu Xiaozhong , Bao Bingbo , Li Xingwei , Lin Junqing , Zheng Xianyou
Published: May 2019

Backgroud

Opioids and acetaminophen are both widely used to relieve pain after nonoperative treatment of limb fractures, but evidence for superiority of opioids versus acetaminophen is lacking. In this study we aim to determine whether acetaminophen is noninferior to the acetaminophen/oxycodone combination for pain relief after nonoperative fixation of an extremity limb fracture. We hypothesize that acetaminophen is noninferior to the acetaminophen/oxycodone combination.

Methods

A double-blind, randomized controlled trial will be conducted. Power analysis determined that 1,226 participants will be needed (p<0.05, power 90%). Patients with acute limb fracture who receive nonoperative treatment will be recruited and randomly allocated into two groups: the intervention group will receive oral oxycodone (5 mg)/acetaminophen (325 mg), and the control group will receive acetaminophen (650 mg) only. The primary outcome measure will be scores on the 11-point Numeric Rating Scale (NRS-11) over 14 days. Secondary outcome measures are scores on the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5d), self-rated satisfaction with the analgesia produced, self-reported nighttime sleep duration, number of intervention or control pills used, total duration for taking intervention or control medication. Change of pain scores and the number of times that analgesic drugs were taken in the two groups will be statistically evaluated with t-student tests according to their fracture site.

Discussion

This study will be a randomized controlled trial that is adequately powered to test the hypothesis that acetaminophen is noninferior to the combination of acetaminophen and oxycodone in relieving objectively measured pain after nonoperative treatment of limb fractures in adults. It is hopeful to provide a safe and effective analgesic plan for such patients.

Trial registration numbers

ChiCTR registry: ChiCTR1800017015 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=28612). Registered on 8 July 2018.
Multimodal imaging of torpedo maculopathy in a Chinese woman: a case report
Authors: Ding Yuhua , Yao Bangtao , Ye Hui , Yu Yan
Published: May 2019

Background: Torpedo maculopathy is a rare, benign, and congenital macular lesion that typically appears in ‘torpedo-shape’ and is located at the temporal macula region. This article aimed to describe in detail regarding the torpedo maculopathy in a Chinese woman using multimodal imaging.
Case presentation: A 30-year-old Chinese woman with occasional yellowish-white macular lesions in her right eye during a routine examination was presented to our hospital. She had no symptoms, and the best-corrected visual acuity of both eyes was 6/6. Funduscopic examination revealed a torpedo-shaped and mild hypopigmentation lesion in the temporal macular area of her right eye. Infrared fundal (IR) photograph showed that the lesion contour was visible, transverse elliptical, with a tip pointing towards the central fovea of the macula. Microperimetry visual field appeared normal. The spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) showed a normal inner retina, with mild thinner outer retina and RPE in the temporal macular area, and correspondingly increased choroidal reflectivity. Other OCT findings included outer retinal loss/attenuation with significant atrophy of an intact ellipsoid zone. OCT angiography (OCTA) of choroid capillary layer revealed increased density of choroidal vasculature, corresponding to the area of the lesion, while the superficial and deep layers revealed normal vasculature. Fundus autofluorescence (FAF) revealed normal signal with slight hyperautofluorescence at the nasal lesion margin. Fundus fluorescence angiography (FFA) of the lesion showed variegated fluorescence and no leakage and change in the morphology during the whole imaging process.
Conclusions: This is the first report that put forwarded a thorough and detailed description of torpedo maculopathy simultaneously by using fundal photograph, IR, microperimetry visual field, OCT, OCTA, FAF, and FFA. Multimodal imaging provides precious and detailed information to further clarify the characteristics and development of this rare disease.