bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flora Polínica da Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga (São Paulo, Brasil): Família: 136-Solanaceae
Authors: Cruz-Barros Maria Amélia Vitorino da , Silva Elaine Lima , Gasparino Eduardo Custódio , Souza Ligia Novac , Oliveira Anedi Costa de
Published: February 2017

Foram estudados os grãos de pólen de 12 gêneros e 41 espécies de Solanaceae ocorrentes na "Reserva do Parque Estadual das Fontes do Ipiranga": Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schlecht., Athenaea picta (Mart.) Sendtn., Brunfelsia latifolia Benth., Brunfelsia pauciflora (Cham. & Schlecht.) Benth., Capsicum flexuosum (L.) Sendtn., Capsicum villosum (L.) Sendtn., Cestrum amictum (L.) Schlecht., Cestrum corymbosum (L.) Schlecht., Cestrum lanceolatum (L.) Miers, Cestrum schlechtendalii (L.) G. Don, Cestrum sendtnerianum (L.) Mart. ex Sendtn., Cyphomandra diploconos Sendtn., Cyphomandra velutina Sendtn., Dyssochroma viridiflora (Sims) Ducke, Nicotiana langsdorffii (Weinm.) Roem. & Schult., Physalis peruviana L., Physalis viscosa L., Sessea brasiliensis Tol., Solandra grandiflora Sw, Solanum americanum Mill., Solanum atropurpureum Schrank., Solanum bullatum Vell., Solanum capsicoides Allion., Solanum cernuum Vell., Solanum concinnum Schott ex Sendtn., Solanum didynum Dun., Solanum diflorum Vell., Solanum excelsum St. Hil. ex Dun., Solanum granuloso-leprosum Dun., Solanum hoehnei Morton, Solanum inaequale Vell., Solanum inodornum Vell., Solanum lycocarpum St. Hil. ex Dun., Solanum mauritianum Scop., Solanum paniculatum L., Solanum rufescens Sendtn., Solanum sisymbriifolium Lam., Solanum swartzianum Roem. & Schult., Solanum vaillantii Dun., Solanum variabile Mart., Solanum viarum Dun. São apresentadas descrições para todas as espécies estudadas, ilustrações, observações e seis chaves polínicas.
Features of Social Networking in Reaching Professional Goals of University Educators
Authors: Bordovskaia N.V. , Tulupyeva T.V. , Tulupyev A.L. , Azarov A.A.
Published: February 2017

The paper focuses on features of Internet support of professional activities in modern university educators and of learning activities in students through the organization of a new web-based space for communication between instructors and learners. It describes the authors’ experience in creating such space basing on social networking within the context of modern educational environment of university. Four major groups of university educators’ professional goals which can affectively be attained using social-networking educational resources are identified. Based on an observational study, we offer techniques that can be used for personality traits identification in students, for providing more individualized instruction and making information concerning education and achievements in an academic course more accessible, as well as for control and optimization of interactions initiated either by educator or by students (including interactions among students and those between students and educators). The effectiveness of the new instructor/learner communication channel among the participants of the educational process is proved empirically.

This work was supported by grants: Russian Foundation for Basic Research 14-07-00694-а and Russian Foundation for Humanities 16-06-00486
Psychological Diagnostics of Developmental Disorders: A New Concept
Authors: Lubovsky V.I. , Korobeynikov I.A. , Valyavko S.M.
Published: February 2017

The authors propose a fundamentally new, theoretically grounded and empirically supported approach to psycho-pedagogical diagnostics of developmental disorders. It is shown that in Russia psychological diagnostics of developmental disorders still has no proper theoretical foundations and is carried out rather intuitively and empirically, even on the stage of differential diagnosis. The situation abroad is quite similar despite the use of standardized intelligence tests as they can only measure quantitative differences in subjects’ performance. The authors emphasize core components of cognitive activity different correlation of which determines the differences between various types of intellectual disorders that are similar in presentation. The proposed approach allows us to fully use the relevant characteristics of different types of developmental disorders. Features of the dynamics of cognitive activity, which are identified in observations and ignored in testing, significantly complement the psychological characteristics of developmental disorders.
Adaptation Issues in Disabled Children Deprived of Parental Care, Living in Foster Families
Authors: Shulga T.I.
Published: February 2017

The paper focuses on revealing psychological issues in the adaptation of children, including the ones with disabilities, which are deprived of parental care and are raised in foster families. The paper describes psychological features of relative caregivers, outlines the specifics, dynamics and contributing factors of anxiety in children deprived of parental care as well as in biological children of foster carers. Also, the paper reviews the specifics of relationships between relative carers and children with disabilities, the former’s approaches to raising a disabled child. Much attention is drawn to the difficulties in childrearing and teaching experienced by the caregivers. The paper concludes that there is a strong need for support from social workers and family intervention specialists.

Supported within the framework of the state task FGAU "FIRO", research topics of the 25.304.2016/NM "Complex social-psychological support of foster families who foster orphans and children left without parental care, including children with disabilities"
A patient with periorbital pain: A case of isolated schwannoma of the eyebrow
Authors: Duran Aslı , Duran Alpay , Dindar Hasan , Dindar Tuğba
Published: February 2017

Schwannomas rarely occur around the orbit and they commonly arise in patients between ages 20 and 70 as unilateral masses with well-defined borders and with a rather slow growth rate. There are only a few case reports with lower and upper eyelid involvement in the English-language literature. In this report, an isolated schwannoma case with eyebrow involvement on the trajectory of the supraorbital nerve in a 24-year-old male patient is presented.
Beyond Medicine
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: February 2017

Dr. Pandiaraja’s stint in the medical field and helping the needy
A Portable Live Cell Culture and Imaging System with Optional Umbilical Bioreactor Using a Modified Infant Incubator
Authors: Brinn Malcolm , Al-Sarawi Said F. , Lu Tien-Fu , Freeman Brian J. C. , Kumaratilake Jaliya , Henneberg Maciej
Published: February 2017

Here, we present a staged approach for an innovative repurposing of a portable infant humidicrib into a live cell growth, observation, and imaging system. Furthmore, humidicrib can support different variations of “umbilical” bioreactors, and can be used to conduct electrophysiology experiments and in situ immunohistochemistry. Modifications incorporate a closed loop carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration control system with umbilical CO2 and heating support for tailored bioreactors. The repurposing cost is inexpensive and allows for the continued observation and imaging of cells. This prototype unit has been used to continuously observe and image live primary neurons for up to 21 days. This demonstrates the repurposed units’ suitability for use in tissue culture based research, particularly where modifications to microscopes are required or where sensitive manipulation outside of a standard incubator is needed.
Danggui-Shaoyao-San, a Traditional Chinese Medicine, Relieved Depression and Cognitive Disorder Induced by Chronic Restraint Stress Involved in Regulating Dendritic Spines Remodeling
Authors: Zhou Kecheng , Yin Junbin , Wu Huanghui , Hu Wei , Gao Zhen , Li Fang , Wu An'an , Wang Wen , Kou Junping
Published: February 2017

Background: Clinical trails have revealed that patients with depression generally accompanied with learning and memory impairment, which critically impact on individual’s health and development. Danggui-Shaoyao-San (DSS), a famous Chinese complex prescription, significantly overcame depression and relieved cognitive disorder based on previous research and publication. However, its effectsand potential mechanism against chronic restraint stress (CRS) remained unknown. Methods: CRS animal model was established and mice were divided to six groups while they were oral administrated with Danggui-Shaoyao-San at doses of 1.25, 2.5 and 5 g/kg for 14 days. Emotional and cognitive performances were detected by behavior tests, meanwhile neural plasticity and its molecular mechanism were examined by Dil staining, western blot and immunofluorescence. Results: DSS treatment dose-dependently improved locomotion ability in open filed test, overcame depression behavior in forced swimming test and elevated plus maze test, enhanced learning and memory ability in Morris water maze test. CRS decreased number of total spines and mushroom spines, while DSS treatment dose-dependently restored these by Dil staining. Expression of BDNF and GluR1 were significantly down-regulated in CRS group, which were significantly normalized by DSS. Conclusions: DSS treatment dose-dependently reversed CRS-induced cognitive impairments by inducing structural remodeling of neurons.
The Paradox of Perception and Knowledge of Flood Victims towards Flood Causes
Authors: Shaharudin M.S. , Nik Ab Rahman Nik Norulaini , Syakir M.I. , Tajul Arifin M. , Ab Kadir Mohd Omar
Published: February 2017

This study aims to unravel the paradox of perceptions and knowledge of the flood victims towards the causes of the disaster in both internal and external context. Internal context comprises of a comparison of perceptions and knowledge based on individual characteristics (age, gender, education and income). Whereas, the external context includes the factors of the awareness of the victims towards the amount of rainfall, the impact of land use changes as well as the negligence of the responsible parties. The main objective of this study is to determine the differences of perception and knowledge of December 2014 flood victims in Kelantan towards the factors that lead to the flood. This disaster had resulted in huge amount of money loss as well as traumatize the victims in which can be felt to this day. Since that incident, there were various points of view and different perceptions in finding the cause of the disaster occurred. Besides that, the study found that the level of perception and knowledge as to the cause of the disaster is different in the internal context (individual characteristics). This difference has a significant influence on the awareness of the causes of the floods that occurred in the external context. Significant relationships at the level of p <0.05 has existed between perception and knowledge of the causes of the disaster victims affected by environmental changes in the last 10 years. This indicates that although the victim is aware of the physical environment changes happening around them, but all that is seen as not a major contributing factor to the cause of the floods in Kelantan in 2014.
CEO compensation and performance of state owned enterprises in South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Sam , Khumalo Mahlomolo
Published: February 2017

The study investigates the relationship between CEO compensation and performance of State Owned Enterprises (SOEs) in South Africa, using data for the period 2009 to 2011. The results indicated that there exist no positive relationship between CEO compensation and SOEs performance as measured by return on assets. The results also indicated a positive relationship between CEO compensation (base salary) and the size of SOEs as measured by total revenue and number of employees. The results suggest that board members of SOEs in South Africa should hold CEOs accountable for the performance of SOEs, and should not pay huge salaries and bonuses to non performing CEOs.
Simultaneous implementation of sustainable development (SD) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within a global business context
Authors: Naudé Marita
Published: February 2017

In the current rapidly changing, complex and multi-faceted business context companies face a diverse range of challenges on a daily basis such as financial performance pressures combined with the increasing expectations from societies that companies act more responsibly with relation to social and environmental aspects. Corporate social responsibility (CSR) and Sustainable development (SD) are not new concepts and are some of the most widely recognized and used business concepts today. It seems that the implementation of both CSR and SD is needed in a modern and global business context. Although CSR and SD are regarded as different concepts, there is a clear overlap, interrelationship and interconnectedness between these concepts. It seems advantageous to at a practical level implement CSR and SD simultaneously as the tridimensional view of SD mimics the tridimensional view of CSR. It is acknowledged that although SD and CSR both include a tridimensional view and they are closely connected, there are different conceptual nuances. This paper provides an overview of the differences and similarities between CSR and SD and describes practical guidelines to implement CSR and SD simultaneously
Is it appropriate to talk about leadership in services organizations? Toward a possible innovative paradigm
Authors: Strologo Alberto Dello , Ricci Federica , Marocco Emiliano
Published: February 2017

Through the use of a qualitative research methodology, the present work enquires whether in the actual scenery talking about leadership in companies and services would still make sense.
The study arises from the growing importance that tertiary companies have assumed during the last decade, and from the direct relation between frontline staff and customers, who – as it is well known – distinguishes tertiary organizations from manufacturing organizations.
Through a systematic review of the literature some guidelines will be hypothesized, in order to define a replicable innovative directional paradigm in services companies, motivating how the role of leadership should be at the same time cleared out by some traditional variables and enriched with alternative features.
Do target firms always gain? The determinants of target firms loss in US takeovers
Authors: Ismail Ahmad
Published: February 2017

Studies that examine the profitability of mergers and acquisitions document that a considerable proportion (15-20%) of target firms earn negative returns. This study examines why the share price of the target firm reacts negatively to the announcement of some merger deals, while it reacts positively to others. We find that target firms that earn negative returns are less efficient, less profitable, receive a lower premium, are more likely to be paid with stocks, and attract less efficient acquirers than target firms that earn positive returns. The logistic regressions indicate that high relative size, low premium, higher target leverage, equity exchange offers, and mixed payment deals are associated with a higher likelihood of loss for the target firm. Fewer anti-takeover provisions for target firms are associated with a higher probability of loss, because such target firms, if necessary, are more likely to be disciplined by the market and be paid a low premium. Meanwhile, a high G-Index on the part of the acquirer is associated with negative target returns in share exchange offers if the premiums paid do not compensate for the acquirer excess risk.
From the banking crisis to action for its resolution. some considerations on the question of bank balance sheet and capital requirement with a focus on the Italian system
Authors: Lolli Andrea
Published: February 2017

We will now look at some considerations relating to national regulation and inter-banking agreements, with particular reference to the regulation of banking balance sheet and capital capital requirements. We will consider the actual capacity of such regulation to guarantee, on the one hand, and for a period of time, a full picture of the actual accounting situation of a single bank and of the risks that each of them have taken on, and on the other hand, the stability of the market through an adequate capitalization of banking operators.
Overview of business procurement processes in South Africa
Authors: Pienaar Wessel
Published: February 2017

The article focuses on the procurement of goods to support the business operations of organisations, with special reference to South African practice. The following aspects are detailed: (1) identifying and specifying procurement needs; (2) selecting suppliers; and (3) controlling suppliers’ performance. It is deduced that the procurement management process consists of five principal steps: (1) identifying and specifying a procurement need; (2) supplier survey; (3) investigation and assessment of suppliers; (4) choice of supplier(s); and (5) establishing and developing relationships with suppliers and controlling their performance. Steps 2, 3 and 4 collectively form the supplier selection phase.
Why the acceptance of voluntary codes on corporate governance by listed firms is so rapid?
Authors: Gunathilake Walter , Chandrakumara Anil
Published: February 2017

Implementation of principles of the Codes on Corporate Governance (CCG) is aimed at minimizing agency conflicts and corporate governance problems in the listed firms. It is, however, observed that such conflicts and problems occur frequently despite the rapid implementation of the CCG by listed firms. We developed a theoretical framework to understand why do firms accept and implement the voluntary CCG principles and what type of behaviours could be expected from top management. We argue that ccorporations implement the principles and provisions of the voluntary CCG due to (a) their compliance with societal norms and ethics,(b)coercive isomorphic behavior of managers, (c) the need for basic integration and adaptive and mimetic behavior of managers, (d) specific needs of corporations, and (e).strategic vs. self- focused behavior of CEOs and non-executive directors (NEDs)
Exploring strategic alignment in private health care
Authors: Liebig Konrad , Hough Johan
Published: February 2017

This study describes the domain of strategic alignment (SA) and evaluates the level of SA in a South African private healthcare company. Interviews and an empirical survey were used to establish the organizational alignment and to pin point possible shortcomings in the company’s strategy execution. The results show a gap in the perceptions between top and middle management and that the company is underperforming in the areas of strategy translation and organizational alignment. Recommendations for the company include the use of an implemented corporate scorecard for better strategic performance measurement, strategy mapping for more efficient communication of strategic issues and the improvement of vertical and horizontal alignment in general
Ownership structures and risk of financial misreporting: Evidence from China
Authors: Lee Jung-wha , Jin Lianhua
Published: February 2017

This study examines the association between the role of ownership structures and the risk of misreporting (earnings management and fraud) using a sample of 2,170 firm-years listed on the Shanghai A stock market between the years of 2004 and 2006. We used three different ownership structures (i.e., institutional, state and tradable ownership) and two earnings management methods (i.e., accruals-based and real earnings management) to investigate whether firms with various ownership structures will choose earnings management methods that damages the actual values the least, lowers earnings management and whether this lowers the risk of financial misreporting fraud. The major findings are as follows. First, we find that institutional ownership is negatively associated with earning management and lowers the risk of financial misreporting. Institutional ownership can prevent listed companies from real activities earnings management, and it negatively affects accruals-based earnings management in low state share firms but not in high state share firms. Second, we find that state ownership is positively associated with earnings management but lowers the risk of financial misreporting. Third, tradable shares are negatively but not significantly related to accruals-based earnings management but increase the risk of financial misreporting. According to our findings, state ownership has great impact on listed companies; it also impedes the active role of other shareholders in invested companies. This study supports calls for restructuring and strengthening the role of governance by institutional shareholders, reinforcing and transforming the function of state-owned asset supervision and administration commission of the state council (SASAC, an agent organisation of state shares) from inefficient state investors to efficient institutional investors.
A critical review of the relationship between human capital management and corporate performance
Authors: Puntillo Pina
Published: February 2017

The Human Capital (HC) is considered a strategic resource intangible for companies whose main features are the ability to be self-generated is to be subjected to the risk of a sudden evaporation in the presence of inadequate management practices. After analyzing the concept of human capital as a subset of the most important intellectual capital, research focuses on the determinants of human capital management on corporate performance. Specifically we will look at the literature that has produced empirical evidence on the impact that the practices of management of human capital, the behaviors of the staff, the remuneration and the formation of the staff have on performance.
Communicating transformation, Black Economic Empowerment, and social interventions amongst South African business
Authors: Rampersad Renitha , Juggernath Swastika
Published: February 2017

This paper illustrates the strategic responses of South African companies that have been challenged with corporate transformation due to Black Economic Empowerment (BEE). In this study we investigate the approach used by BEE compliant businesses in formulating and implementing communication strategies to ensure an informed workforce. This paper reports on findings which reveal that communication strategies have been put in place since the implementation of BEE and highlights that there is a moral obligation for the company to ensure that employees are made aware of their rights. Respondents agreed that the initial BEE implementation stages involved numerous misconceptions by staff, which placed a barrier on the effective implementation of BEE in the workplace.
Assessing the strategy of firms that compete globally in alliances in the cosmetics industry: The case of L’oréal in Latin America
Authors: van Aduard de Macedo-Soares Teresia Diana Lewe , Lyra da Silva Barbara Braga
Published: February 2017

The cosmetics industry, especially in Latin America, was hardly affected by the recent global recession. As consumer goods that do not require significant investments and offer well-being to their users, cosmetics tend to remain on consumers’ shopping lists, even during recessions. However, the increasingly competitive global scenario drives firms to sustain their efficiency by way of strategic alliances, so as to better meet their customers’ requirements. Even leading multinationals, such as L’Oréal, face challenges to maintain their competitiveness and have to reassess regularly their strategies. This article presents the results of research that sought to assess the adequateness of the strategy of L’Oréal Latin America, considering the opportunities and threats of the cosmetics industry, of the firm’s alliances and given the global competitive strategy of the L’Oréal Group. The results confirmed what had been verified in other sectors: global alliances create more opportunities than threats, and, in many cases, global relational opportunities, i.e. pertinent to global alliances, mitigate global non-relational threats. Latin America is a potential market for the strategic objective of L’Oréal to conquer one billion consumers and its transnational strategy ensures coherence of its products launched in this geographic region with its targeted consumer requirements. Its strategic alliances contribute to responding better to market demands and ensure a better exposure of the products launched. The study thus adds value to research on strategic management from a global relational perspective, by complementing findings of similar investigations into other sectors. From a business administration viewpoint, the case of L’Oréal offers insights on how strategic alliances can help sustain competitive advantage in firms that compete globally.
The governance effect of institutional stakeholders on family-controlled companies’ earnings management
Authors: Chiang Hsiang-tsai , He Li-jen , Lai Chih-Hung
Published: February 2017

The characteristics of institutional investors are that they hold massive funds and possess investment expertise; therefore, these investors are expected to have an influence on corporate governance. This study explores the supervising effect of active and passive institutional investors on company’s earnings management in Taiwan, and whether the supervising effect differs between family and non-family-controlled companies or not. The empirical results show that institutional investors are significantly related to earnings management in both family and non-family-controlled companies. Moreover, active investors have more impact on earnings management than passive ones in family-controlled companies. Institutional investors, especially active investors, have been shown to have significant governance effect; therefore, companies are encouraged to attract institutional investors to enhance corporate governance.
The relationship between trading volume and stock returns in the JSE securities exchange in South Africa
Authors: Mpofu Raphael Tabani
Published: February 2017

This study examines the relationship between trading volume and stock returns in the JSE Securities Exchange in South Africa. The study looked at the price and trading returns of the FTSE/JSE index from July 22, 1988 till June 11, 2012. The study revealed that stock returns are positively related to the contemporary change in trading volume. Further, it was found that past returns were not affected significantly by changes in trading volumes. The results present a significant relationship between trading volume and the absolute value of price changes. Autoregressive tests were used to explore whether return causes volume or volume causes return. The results suggest that volume is influenced by a lagged returns effect for the FTSE/JSE index. Therefore, return seems to contribute some information to investors when they make investment decisions.
Corporate governance, agency costs and investment appraisal: An assessment
Authors: Kalyebara Baliira , Ahmed Abdullahi D.
Published: February 2017

Undoubtedly, capital markets have an impact on investment appraisal decisions through interest rates (cost of capital) charged and debt covenants stipulated in debt contracts. However, the extent of influence of their interactions in shaping and determining a firm’s corporate governance policy, agency costs, investment decisions and firm value has been overlooked or not duly emphasised in the literature to date. This lack of interdisciplinary research in areas such as finance, accounting, capital markets and corporate governance may lead financial managers making wrong interpretation of the current empirical evidence. This may result into suboptimal decisions in capital budgeting decisions. There are various existing studies that have discussed the relation between corporate governance and one or two other business topics this paper is assessing. However, questions have persisted about the role capital markets’ interactions play in determining firm’s corporate governance, minimizing agency costs, long term investment decisions and firm value. The recent high profile global company collapses mainly due to poor corporate governance mechanisms have rekindled the interest in the role capital market interactions play in formulating firm’s corporate governance rules and policies and their impact on agency costs, investment appraisal decisions and firm value. This study intends to assess this issue and critically evaluates these related issues. The impact of multiple objectives on long-term investment decisions is also discussed. We find that capital market interactions have a significant impact in the way firms formulate their corporate governance, identify and control agency costs, optimize multiple objectives, make investment decisions and determine firm value. In a nutshell, there is a consensus among researchers that capital markets impact on capital investment decisions and firm value through interest rates, debt covenants that impact on managers’ self-interest behaviour, corporate governance policies and agency costs.
Ownership structure and debt policy of Tunisian firms
Authors: Hentat Fakher , Bouri Abdelfettah
Published: February 2017

The relation between corporate governance and the financial decisions presents a rich subject but less pronounced in corporate finance. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of the ownership structure on the debt policy of the Tunisian companies. From the econometric tests applied to Tunisian data of panel, the results obtained corroborate the assumptions of the entrenchment theory. The ownership structure is unable to orient the management of the leaders towards the maximization of the shareholders’ richness. The companies with concentrated property don’t use the debt like mean to encourage the leader to act according to their interests. The remuneration system does not encourage the leaders to privilege the financing of the investments by debt. The presence of the financial institutions in the capital of the Tunisian companies does not influence the policy of financing of the company. They don’t exert a particular role of control on the management of the leaders in place by the debt
Does a country’s financial and legal systems contemporaneously impact the governance and performance relationship: Further evidence?
Authors: Anderson Anne , Gupta Parveen P. , Zagorchev Andrey
Published: February 2017

We investigate the impact of continuous measures of the financial system and investor protection on the corporate governance-performance relationship. We find that shareholder suits rights/stock market capitalization (disclosure rights/stock market capitalization) has monotonic (non-monotonic) relation with firm performance and that high-levels of stock market capitalization and investor protection generate valuation synergies. Besides interactions of financial and legal systems with corporate governance, market- (bank-) orientation and development and stronger (weaker) investor protection along with better (worse) corporate governance are associated with higher (lower) valuations. A country’s migration to a developed stock market with enhanced investor protection is related to better corporate governance and firm performance.
Internet financial reporting and disclosure by listed companies: Further evidence from an emerging country
Authors: Hossain Mohammed , Momin Mahmood Ahmed , Leo Shirely
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the extent of voluntary financial and non-financial information disclosed on the Internet by an emerging country like Qatar. We tested research hypotheses related to the association between company characteristics and the voluntary dissemination of financial and non-financial information on the Internet based on industry type. A total of 42 companies which are listed on the Qatar Exchange (the only stock Exchange in Qatar) were sampled. An ordinary least regression was undertaken to assess whether voluntary dissemination of information on the Internet was related to firm age, size, profitability, complexity, assets in place, and liquidity. Firm size, assets in-place, and business complexity are variables which are significant in explaining the level of internet financial reporting disclosure, whereas age, profitability, and liquidity are not significant.
Influencia de los pares en la manifestación del bullying en estudiantes de secundaria en Arequipa Metropolitana
Authors: Bellido Filiberto , Rivera Renzo , Salas Julio C. , Bellido Verónica , Peña Norma , Villasante Guillermo , Casapía Yesenia
Published: February 2017

El objetivo del presente estudio fue determinar el grado de influencia que ejerce la cercanía de los alumnos de secundaria con pares que transgreden normas, sobre el rol que asumen estos alumnos dentro del bullying (agresor, víctima o espectador) en el área metropolitana de la ciudad de Arequipa, teniendo en cuenta sexo y grado de instrucción. Se evaluó a 3979 estudiantes de educación secundaria de colegios estatales, privados y paraestatales de 19 distritos de la provincia de Arequipa, con  edades comprendidas entre 11 y 19 años. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo y de regresión lineal múltiple y logística binaria para modelar la asociación entre variables. Los resultados muestran una mayor tendencia de los varones hacia las conductas agresivas y a asumir roles de “bully”. La influencia de pares transgresores de normas favorece en mayor grado la práctica de roles de agresor o víctima. En cuanto a la frecuencia de bullying, existe una alta prevalencia de agresores y víctimas entre los encuestados, cercana a la mitad de la muestra, mientras que la otra parte corresponde a los espectadores ya sean estos reforzadores del bullying o prosociales.
Los Inconscientes: una revisión bibliográfica y comparativa de diferentes miradas sobre el concepto
Authors: Hinojosa Adrian Jose , Vallejo Pablo Joaquin , Lema Marcela , Sajama Nilsen Ibrahim , Párraga Cristian , Barcat Abraham
Published: February 2017

Actualmente en el ámbito académico se suelen oponer las distintas corrientes en psicología sin profundizar en sus puntos de coincidencia. A raíz de esto, la presente investigación realiza una comparación del concepto inconsciente según: Sigmund Freud padre del Psicoanálisis; Milton Erickson influenciador del modelo Sistémico; y Manuel Froufe compilador e impulsor del inconsciente dentro del modelo Cognitivo.
La metodología fue de tipo documental, para lo cual se utilizaron textos extraídos de motores de búsqueda específicos de investigación tales como: Google Académico, Redalyc, Scielo, Proquest, y libros de divulgación de autores pertinentes a la temática.
Se pudo concluir que existe una diferencia en lo que respecta al ámbito en la cual se desarrolló el término, siendo clínico en Erickson y Freud y académico-experimental en Froufe. También es importante destacar que la popularidad del inconsciente es notable en Freud, en el caso de Erickson es menor comparativamente hablando, pero no ocurre lo mismo con el inconsciente cognitivo, debido a que su formulación es de reciente aparición y aún no cuenta con desarrollos clínicos, sino más bien experimentales. 
Terapia sistémica latinoamericana: ¿Es solamente una ilusión?
Authors: Rodriguez Ceberio Marcelo
Published: February 2017

El artículo presenta una visión crítica pero alentadora de la terapia sistémica en Latinoamérica. Observa desde la historia de las primeras investigaciones sistémicas y sus protagonistas, hasta definir qué es la psicoterapia desde esta perspectiva. Recoge una serie de impresiones que se adentran en la terapia misma y en el rol del psicólogo sistémico, pero el análisis no queda reducido allí: se contextualiza en las diferentes realidades problemáticas que afectan a los países latinos.
Entiende que la actuación del psicólogo como una figura activa en distintos escenarios sociales, culturales, económicos, de salud, entre otros y que representa un catalizador en la resolución de problemas psicosociales, un agente corrector de crisis, es decir, ángulos de desvío en términos cibernéticos.
Modified magnetohydrodynamics model with wave turbulence: astrophysical applications
Authors: Kurbatov E P , Zhilkin A G , Bisikalo D V
Published: February 2017

Modeling astrophysical flows in the framework of classical magnetohydrodynamics often encounters significant difficulties due to high (up to relativistic) Alfvén wave velocities. Such situations can arise in modeling the magnetosphere of planets and stars and accretion flows in polars, intermediate polars, and near-neutron stars. In a strongly magnetized plasma, wave turbulence can develop, which can significantly affect the energy balance and the forces determining the plasma dynamics. In this paper, a closed system of equations is obtained for modified magnetohydrodynamics with wave turbulence for a wide range of magnetic fields and turbulence energies. The turbulent flow is described as the sum of the mean flow and perturbations induced by relativistic Alfvén waves. Expressions are derived for the turbulence-induced body force, viscosity, and dissipative heating. An analysis of equations in certain limit cases is performed. It is shown that the proposed approach can be used for modeling a broad class of astrophysical plasma flows.
Nondiagonal cross-transport phenomena in a magnetic field
Authors: Maksimov L A , Mikheyenkov A V , Khabarova T V
Published: February 2017

This brief paper supplements the review by A F Barabanov et al. (Physics–Uspekhi 58 446 (2015)) concerning the Hall and Righi–Leduc effects. Both effects are diagonal in the sense that the initial current perpendicular to the magnetic field and the transverse response (perpendicular to both the magnetic field and the initial current) are of the same nature (the electric current in the Hall effect and the heat current in the Righi–Leduc effect). We here take a similar perspective in discussing the nondiagonal Ettingshausen and Nernst effects, in which the transverse current is different in nature from the initial longitudinal one. A summary of transverse effects in a magnetic field is also given.
København - Cairo tur/retur: Om transnational politisk aktivisme under karikaturkrisen og det ‘arabiske forår’
Authors: Lindekilde Lasse
Published: February 2017

Recent scholarly work on political protest has often highlighted the potential of new social media in gathering transnational support and driving political reforms, not least in authoritarian regimes. This idea seems to have won even more credence after the ‘online revolutions’ of the ‘Arab spring’ in early 2011. However, as this article demonstrates, attempts at creating transnational exposure of national political issues through various forms of transnational political activism may also, under certain circumstances, be linked to significant costs. The article delivers an empirical analysis of the effects of Danish Muslims’ transnational activities during the Muhammad cartoons controversy in 2005/06 on subsequent Muslim claims-making. The article argues that the envisioned ‘boomerang effect’ of the transnational activities – the attempt to put pressure on Danish authorities by contacting political and religious authorities in the Middle East – backfired on Danish Muslims. The transnational move was successfully ‘securitized’ by elements of the media and the political elite, inviting soft forms of repression against especially the Muslim actors involved in the delegations of primarily religious authorities that travelled to Egypt, Lebanon, and Syria in December 2005. These actors were forced into a more defensive mode of claims-making soon after their return to Denmark through processes of name-calling and stigmatization. Building on this case study, the article concludes by suggesting some theoretical modifications/specifications of the boomerang model of transnational activism.
Contribution of human influence to increased daily precipitation extremes over China
Authors: Chen Huopo , Sun Jianqi
Published: February 2017

This study provides an estimate of the human influence on increases in daily precipitation extremes over China using data sets from multiple coupled climate models participating in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5. The effects of human forcings can be detected in the observed changes of daily precipitation extremes, but the effects of external natural forcings as well as the aerosols are not detected using the optimal fingerprint methods. Estimation showed that human influence has increased daily precipitation extremes by approximately 13% (1% to 25% for 90% confidence interval) on average over China in recent decades. With further warming, human influences on precipitation extremes would be amplified. For a temperature increase of 1.5°C with respect to the preindustrial time, the occurrence probability of severe extremes is doubled, and approximately 51% of these events occurring over China are attributable to human influences. This fraction increases with temperature. Furthermore, the contributions of human influences are much stronger for the high‐percentile extremes, and the highest sensitivity of the changes in daily precipitation extremes due to human influences is observed in the region of the Tibetan Plateau in the southwest of China.
Snaring of the right ventricular lead during cavotricuspid isthmus ablation
Authors: Darrat Yousef H. , X. Gustavo Morales , Waespe Cristen Kelly , Gurley John C. , Elayi Claude S.
Published: February 2017

Key Clinical Message

The presence of a right ventricular (RV) lead may interfere with cavotricuspid isthmus (CTI) ablation. We present a new option of lifting the RV lead from the CTI allowing a successful ablation of a CTI‐dependent flutter without compromising lead integrity and functionality.
Factors associated with the quality of life of family carers of people with dementia: A systematic review
Authors: Farina Nicolas , Page Thomas E. , Daley Stephanie , Brown Anna , Bowling Ann , Basset Thurstine , Livingston Gill , Knapp Martin , Murray Joanna , Banerjee Sube
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Family carers of people with dementia are their most important support in practical, personal, and economic terms. Carers are vital to maintaining the quality of life (QOL) of people with dementia. This review aims to identify factors related to the QOL of family carers of people with dementia.

Methods

Searches on terms including “carers,” “dementia,” “family,” and “quality of life” in research databases. Findings were synthesized inductively, grouping factors associated with carer QOL into themes.

Results

A total of 909 abstracts were identified. Following screening, lateral searches, and quality appraisal, 41 studies (n = 5539) were included for synthesis. A total of 10 themes were identified: demographics; carer–patient relationship; dementia characteristics; demands of caring; carer health; carer emotional well‐being; support received; carer independence; carer self‐efficacy; and future.

Discussion

The quality and level of evidence supporting each theme varied. We need further research on what factors predict carer QOL in dementia and how to measure it.
Executive function, episodic memory, and Medicare expenditures
Authors: Bender Alex C. , Austin Andrea M. , Grodstein Francine , Bynum Julie P.W.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

We examined the relationship between health care expenditures and cognition, focusing on differences across cognitive systems defined by global cognition, executive function, or episodic memory.

Methods

We used linear regression models to compare annual health expenditures by cognitive status in 8125 Nurses' Health Study participants who completed a cognitive battery and were enrolled in Medicare parts A and B.

Results

Adjusting for demographics and comorbidity, executive impairment was associated with higher total annual expenditures of $1488 per person (P < .01) compared with those without impairment. No association for episodic memory impairment was found. Expenditures exhibited a linear relationship with executive function, but not episodic memory ($584 higher for every 1 standard deviation decrement in executive function; P < .01).

Discussion

Impairment in executive function is specifically and linearly associated with higher health care expenditures. Focusing on management strategies that address early losses in executive function may be effective in reducing costly services.
Order and disorder in NMC layered materials: a FAULTS simulation analysis
Authors: Reynaud Marine , Casas-Cabanas Montse
Published: February 2017

The program FAULTS has been used to simulate the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), neutron powder diffraction (NPD), and electron diffraction (ED) patterns of several structural models for LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2, including different types of ordering of the transition metal (TM) cations in the TM slabs, different amounts of Li+/NiII+ cation mixing and different amounts of stacking faults. The results demonstrate the relevance of the structural information provided by NPD and ED data as compared with XRD to characterize the microstructure of NMC (LiNi1−y-zMnyCozO2) compounds.
The prevalence and effects of aspiration among neonates at the time of discharge
Authors: Karsch Emily , Irving Sharon Y. , Aylward Brandon S. , Mahle William T.
Published: February 2017

Background

Neonates undergoing heart surgery for CHD are at risk for postoperative gastrointestinal complications and aspiration events. There are limited data regarding the prevalence of aspiration after neonatal cardiothoracic surgery; thus, the effects of aspiration events on this patient population are not well understood. This retrospective chart review examined the prevalence and effects of aspiration among neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery at the time of their discharge.

Introduction

This study examined the prevalence of aspiration among neonates who had undergone cardiac surgery. Demographic data regarding these patients were analysed in order to determine risk factors for postoperative aspiration. Post-discharge feeding routes and therapeutic interventions were extracted to examine the time spent using alternate feeding routes because of aspiration risk or poor caloric intake. Modified barium swallow study results were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the test as a diagnostic tool.

Materials and methods

A retrospective study was undertaken of neonates who had undergone heart surgery from July, 2013 to January, 2014. Data describing patient demographics, feeding methods, and follow-up visits were recorded and compared using a χ2 test for goodness of fit and a Kaplan–Meier graph.

Results

The patient population included 62 infants – 36 of whom were male, and 10 who were born with single-ventricle circulation. The median age at surgery was 6 days (interquartile range=4 to 10 days). Modified barium swallow study results showed that 46% of patients (n=29) aspirated or were at risk for aspiration, as indicated by laryngeal penetration. In addition, 48% (n=10) of subjects with a negative barium swallow or no swallow study demonstrated clinical aspiration events. Tube feedings were required by 66% (n=41) of the participants. The median time spent on tube feeds, whether in combination with oral feeds or exclusive use of a nasogastric or gastric tube, was 54 days; 44% (n=27) of patients received tube feedings for more than 120 days. Premature infants were significantly more likely to have aspiration events than infants delivered at full gestational age (OR p=0.002). Infants with single-ventricle circulation spent a longer time on tube feeds (median=95 days) than infants with two-ventricle defects (median=44 days); the type of cardiac defect was independent of prevalence of an aspiration event.

Conclusions

Aspiration is common following neonatal cardiac surgery. The modified barium swallow study is often used to identify aspiration events and to determine an infant’s risk for aspirating. This leads to a high proportion of infants who require tube feedings following neonatal cardiac surgery.