bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of MOOC and video conferencing deliveries on vocabulary usage and learning strategies
Authors: Choo Wee Ling , Ng Lee Luan
Published: May 2024

While vocabulary learning strategies (VLSs) have primarily been taught in physical classroom settings, the potential for applying strategy training in an online environment remains under-explored. With the rising acceptance of remote education, there is a need to investigate the impacts of applying strategy training in online contexts. Hence, this study explores the effects of online deliveries on VLSs and vocabulary usage in writing among adult English as second language (ESL) learners via massive open online course (MOOC) and video conferencing platforms. A total of 50 pre-intermediate ESL learners completed a 5-week VLSs course on a MOOC while 44 students learnt from the instructor synchronously using Microsoft Teams. The data comprised questionnaires and learners’ compositions, which were collected before and after treatment. The data analysis procedures involved Lextutor’s version of lexical frequency profiling (LFP), descriptive and inferential statistics. The results revealed that there was a significant increase of usage in all categories of the VLSs after the course for both groups. Additionally, the effects of VLSs instruction on vocabulary usage could be reflected in both groups’ writing though the choice of words might have been task-influenced. The findings from this study could yield useful insights on online vocabulary learning for ESL instructors and learners.
The role of principal leadership in developing levels of resilience: a private senior secondary school ethnographic study
Authors: Yuda Saputra Handika , Hidayati Dian
Published: May 2024

This research is motivated by the level of school resilience which is not yet good, so school principals must increase school resilience with their leadership. Therefore, this research aims to analyze and describe the leadership of school principals in setting direction, developing human resources, and redesigning organizations to increase school resilience. The method used in this research is qualitative research with an ethnographic approach, which helps provide an in-depth and detailed picture of the school's daily habits in implementing school resilience. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews and documentation by carrying out data analysis techniques using description, analysis and interpretation. The results of this research explain that in carrying out the three leadership roles of the school principal, namely setting direction, developing people, and redesigning the organization, through school habits (culture), private schools will be able to create a level of resilience in the school environment. Even in unfavorable conditions, school principals can survive by carrying out leadership roles using existing school habits.
Critical thinking disposition and learning approach as predictors of mathematics performance
Authors: Salviejo Kyla Mae Agustin , Ibañez Edwin Daniega , Pentang Jupeth Toriano
Published: May 2024

In the Philippines, improving pre-service math teachers’ critical thinking is receiving increasing attention, emphasizing the importance of tailoring instructional methods to students’ learning approaches for a more equitable environment and enhanced mathematics performance. Thus, this study aimed to determine if the critical thinking disposition subscales (reflective, attentiveness, open-mindedness, organization, perseverance, and intrinsic motivation) and learning approach (deep approach and surface approach) predict the mathematics performance of pre-service math teachers. This study employed a descriptive-correlational research design to randomly selected 125 pre-service math teachers from Central Luzon, Philippines. The survey instruments are administered through the student-educator negotiated CTDs scale, the revised two-factor study process questionnaire, and the 40- item validated test. Using descriptive analysis, findings revealed that preservice mathematics teachers have moderate levels of CTD, most of which use a deep approach and have average mathematics performance. Regression analysis showed that CTD and the deep approach were predictors. Therefore, pre-service mathematics teachers with a higher CTD and a deep approach are likelier to perform better in mathematics. These findings provide valuable insights into enhancing mathematics teacher education.
Development of artificial intelligence-based teaching factory in vocational high schools in Central Java Province
Authors: Wahjusaputri Sintha , Nastiti Tashia Indah , Bunyamin Bunyamin , Sukmawati Wati
Published: May 2024

The objective of this study is to examine and assess the progress of utilizing artificial intelligence (AI) in teaching factory learning to enhance the digital skills of vocational high school (SMK) students in the province of Central Java. This study employed a qualitative approach utilizing metaethnography, as well as a quantitative approach employing Aiken’s V formula and strength, weakness, opportunity, threat (SWOT) analysis to identify and analyze the issues that arise. The present study examines the locations of SMKN 2 Purbalingga and SMKS Telkom in Central Java. Furthermore, relevant documentation was also utilized as a source of data. The research findings indicate that the implementation of AI in teaching manufacturing learning has effectively facilitated the development of an online learning management system. This system is characterized by its organized and integrated approach inside the online learning management system. The administration of teaching materials may be conducted autonomously and facilitated by the utilization of diverse information and communication technology or e-learning functionalities, including chat, email, blogs, and social media platforms. The creation of new enterprises within the domain of AI. It is imperative for educational institutions to align their policies with the demands and requirements of the business.
Bibliometric analysis of augmented reality in chemistry education over the past decade
Authors: Juan Du , DeWitt Dorothy
Published: May 2024

Numerous studies have delved into the application of augmented reality (AR) in chemistry education, focusing on specific topics, equipment requirements, and advantages. However, there remains a notable dearth of research examining the evolutionary characteristics of AR in this context. This study, employing bibliometric analysis on 66 articles spanning from 2012 to 2022, reveals that research primarily revolves around pedagogical approaches and AR technology development, particularly in kindergarten to 12th grade (K-12) education. Despite the United States exhibiting the highest publication frequency, there is a significant absence of studies addressing emotions, cognition, and physiological changes. Shedding light on these research gaps, this study underscores the need for further exploration into the cognitive, emotional, and physiological aspects of AR integration in chemistry education. Ultimately, the insights gleaned from this study offer valuable guidance for researchers, educators, and practitioners alike, facilitating the advancement and effective application of augmented reality in chemistry education (ARCE).
Metacognitive reading strategies: gender, locality, and age differences among secondary school students
Authors: Odofin Toyin , Urien James , Obro Sunday
Published: May 2024

This study ascertained the influence of gender, locality and age on metacognitive reading strategies of secondary school students. The sample size consists of 440 students randomly selected from 23 secondary schools. An adopted questionnaire tagged “metacognitive reading strategies questionnaire,” was used as the data gathering instrument, with a logical validity of 0.88 and Cronbach alpha of 0.73 as internal consistency. The data collected were analysed statistically using descriptive statistics and t-tests. Data analysis revealed that females' reading strategies outnumber males'; females' global strategies ranked highest, while females' problem-solving strategies ranked lowest; and students in urban secondary schools tended to utilise metacognitive reading strategies more frequently than their rural counterparts. This study also shows that students with higher age brackets make more use of metacognitive reading strategies than lower-age students. Therefore, it is recommended that educators should be prepared to educate students how to effectively utilise various components of metacognitive reading strategies.
Accountability management system of superior elementary school for digital transformation
Authors: Triwiyanto Teguh , Kusumaningrum Desi Eri , Sobri Ahmad Yusuf , Maitreepun Warapark
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this research is to find out i) the quality of the accountability management system of superior schools, ii) elementary school digital transformation capabilities, and iii) the relationship between the quality of the accountability management system for superior schools and the digital transformation capabilities of elementary schools in Indonesia. The research approach used is quantitative. The research location is in public elementary schools in Malang City. The population of this research is all 195 public elementary schools. The research sample is 22 public elementary schools. The research subjects were school principals, class teachers, and subject teachers totaling 51 people. Data collection is done by using a questionnaire. Elementary schools with superior school accountability management systems have the ability to drive their digital transformation capabilities. Excellent school accountability management systems and school digital transformation capabilities guarantee equal access to education for all students. Implications for improving teaching and learning are also discussed in this paper. The variables studied can be used to determine the priority scale for planning, implementing and evaluating superior school accountability management systems in digital transformation, in increasing teacher competency.
Islamic moderation in elementary school: strengthening the Aswaja Annadhliyah curriculum in preventing religious radicalism
Authors: Ibda Hamidulloh , Wijanarko Andrian Gandi , Azizah Farinka Nurrahmah , Amnillah Martin , Ro'uf Ahmad
Published: May 2024

This action research aims to improve teachers’ ability to enrich, redesign, develop, and test the ahlussunah waljamaah (Aswaja) Annahdliyah curriculum in strengthening Islamic moderation in 25 madrasah ibtidaiyah (Islamic elementary schools) in Kedu Caresidenan, Central Java, Indonesia. The method used was participatory action research modeled by Stephen Kemmis, Robin McTaggart, and Rhonda Nixon, an experimental type of action research. The research findings state that Islamic moderation through strengthening the Aswaja Annahdliyah curriculum is carried out by enriching and redesigning the curriculum in the aspects of objectives, content/materials, methods/activities, and assessment/evaluation. The form of strengthening the Aswaja Annahdliyah curriculum is carried out by developing a curriculum by providing material on the basic principles of Aswaja, Ukhuwah Nahdliyah, and Mabadi Khaira Ummah in the aspects of fikrah (thought), aqidah (belief), harakah (movement), and amaliyah (worship practices). As a result, teachers know the depth and breadth of the curriculum in terms of objectives, content, methods, and evaluation at the level of fikrah, aqidah, harakah, and amaliyah, determining basic competencies, operational verbs, materials, material enrichment, and selecting appropriate learning models, methods, strategies, and media. Future research needs to explore curriculum strengthening for Aswaja Annahdliyah at the high school or university level.
Entrevista a Paul Martín, director de UNICEF-Colombia
Authors: Jiménez David Andrés
Published: May 2024

Representante de UNICEF en Colombia. Ha sido representante de UNICEF en Ecuador y Paraguay, y encargado de los programas de UNICEF en Europa del Este. También ha trabajado en África occidental y en América Central. Estudió Historia (mención cum laude) en la Universidad de California en Santa Cruz (1978) y Maestría en Relaciones Internacionales de la Universidad de Columbia, Nueva York (1982).
Una conversación sobre la epistemología de la comunicación
Authors: Augusto Delgado Cesar
Published: May 2024

Entrevista con Francisco Sierra, Docente investigado de la Pontifica universidad Javeriana: Una conversación sobre la epistemología de la comunicación
Concepciones de niño y niña y desarrollo infantil que subyacen en los programas de formación de talento humano en educación inicial en Colombia
Authors: Henao Malpica Diana Carolina
Published: May 2024

El presente documento profundiza en los sentidos que el talento humano, en el campo de la educación inicial, le otorga a las concepciones de niñez y desarrollo infantil y a su relación con la perspectiva de derechos de la infancia. Esta categoría, junto con otras cuatro, fueron analizadas en la investigación “Programas de formación del talento humano en educación inicial: perspectivas para el cambio”, desarrollada por el Cinde con el apoyo de Colciencias, en el año 2008. La investigación, entre otros aspectos, reveló que existe correspondencia entre dichas concepciones y las intenciones y acciones pedagógicas de los profesionales que atienden a los niños y niñas en educación inicial.
Concepciones de los docentes de ciencias sociales sobre la naturaleza del pensamiento crítico
Authors: Ardila Segura Eleonora
Published: May 2024

El presente artículo es producto del proceso de investigación adelantando a través del proyecto “Formación del pensamiento crítico en el área de las Ciencias Sociales” financiado por el Centro de Investigaciones de la Universidad Pedagógica Nacional - CIUP-. En él se analizan las concepciones que ha construido un grupo de docentes sobre la naturaleza del pensamiento crítico en la enseñanza de las Ciencias Sociales, a partir de dos perspectivas identificadas en el estudio: la que considera al pensamiento crítico como una operación mental, un proceso o una investigación, a través de la cual los estudiantes solucionan problemas u operan en la escolaridad y la vida cotidiana, y aquella que lo entiende como un pensamiento, una acción y una toma de posición permanentes que develan las injusticias sociales, defienden la igualdad y trabajan en perspectiva de cambio social.
Hacer camino desde la propia geografía
Authors: Carreño Manosalva Clara Inés
Published: May 2024

El desarrollo humano, como expresión de las capacidades construidas por un grupo social, para que sus miembros puedan hacer y ser lo que en condiciones de dignidad quieren ser, parafraseando a Naciones Unidas en el Informe sobre desarrollo humano 2009 , ha sido un constante propósito de la Fundación Centro Internacional de Educación y Desarrollo Humano -CINDE-.
El sujeto crítico: Construcción conceptual desde la teoría crítica clásica
Authors: Betancur Cortés Maribel , Lince Bohórquez Wilmar Dubian , Restrepo Posada Margarita María
Published: May 2024

El texto que se presenta a continuación pretende rastrear los orígenes modernos de la noción de sujeto crítico, fijando como punto de partida los teóricos más relevantes de la primera Escuela de Frankfurt, lo cual, por distintos caminos, nos llevará necesariamente a un diálogo permanente con los planteamientos de Marx acerca de dicho concepto. La idea final es acercarnos al estudio del sujeto crítico, ubicándolo en el centro del debate a partir de los aportes que Max Horkheimer, Theodor Adorno y Herbert Marcuse hacen al respecto. Para plantear el problema del sujeto crítico, en primer lugar, es preciso determinar desde dónde se está concibiendo al sujeto, para ello se retoma la categorización sugerida por Sara Alvarado, Patricia Botero y Germán Muñoz ; luego, se hace una reflexión del sujeto político desde una perspectiva crítica. A partir de allí se formula una breve reseña acerca de la Primera Escuela de Frankfurt, explicando por qué se toma este camino para plantear el problema en un sentido teórico-conceptual. Posteriormente se esboza una aproximación al pensamiento crítico en relación con la categoría sujeto crítico de los tres autores de la Escuela de Frankfurt ya mencionados; por último, se advierte sobre la necesidad de generar, motivar y defender la corriente crítica de pensamiento a la luz de una síntesis que se hace de estos autores; y, a partir de allí se esboza una primera conceptualización del sujeto crítico.
La sistematización de experiencias educativas y su lugar en la formación de maestras y maestros
Authors: Fernando Escobar Luis , Ramírez Velásquez Jorge E.
Published: May 2024

El propósito central de este artículo es resaltar la importancia, como modalidad investigativa, de la sistematización de experiencias educativas en la formación de maestros en ejercicio. Para ello, inicialmente desarrollamos una breve aproximación conceptual a la Sistematización de experiencias educativas, entrelazando elementos epistemológicos, metodológicos y políticos, en función de los saberes y conocimientos producto de su dinámica investigativa, y que como tales, los asumimos como un tipo de saber y conocimiento pedagógico. En segundo lugar, y en articulación con lo anterior, esbozamos nuestra idea de pedagogía como conocimiento que comprende, explica y orienta la educación en contextos concretos de realización. En tercer lugar, mostramos la importancia de la sistematización de experiencias educativas en la formación de maestros.
Las prácticas ciudadanas en: Recreando, una organización juvenil con responsabilidad social
Authors: Montoya Ana Leonor
Published: May 2024

El artículo presenta las prácticas ciudadanas del colectivo “Recreando” a partir de los procesos de configuración y trayectorias de la organización juvenil. Para ello, se hace un breve recorrido teórico que le da soporte a los hallazgos, se muestra el procedimiento metodológico seguido en el estudio, y se presentan los “Modos de estar juntos” a partir de los cuales se da cuenta de las dinámicas, la relación que establecen y la fuerza del vínculo que constituyen al interior del grupo. Además, en “los modos de estar con otros” se muestran las relaciones que los jóvenes establecen fuera de la organización, la manera como planean, consolidan y despliegan sus sentidos ciudadanos desde los vínculos e interacciones que establecen con otros. Se termina con unas consideraciones finales sobre cómo los jóvenes de este colectivo configuran los sentidos de sus prácticas ciudadanas a partir de sus particularidades y la construcción colectiva que hacen en el proceso de interacción grupal.
Cuidarte: el arte de cuidar, criar y educar a los niños y niñas de primera infancia
Authors: Aletheia Revista
Published: May 2024

CuidArte, es una iniciativa puesta en marcha el 16 de febrero de 2010 por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional y la Unión Temporal CINDE – Edupol.

Con la formación de 4.800 padres, madres y cuidadores familiares de niños y niñas menores de cinco años y la presencia en 30 municipios del país, esta estrategia se ha consolidado como una de las más importantes en el propósito de garantizar el acceso de los niños y niñas menores de cinco años a una atención integral, uno de los presupuestos en los que se basa la Política Educativa para la Primera Infancia, presentada a todo el país en el 2009.
Interacciones en la crianza familiar y construcción de subjetividad política en la primera infancia
Authors: Buitrago Rodríguez Nidya Esperanza , Escobar Mahecha María Cecilia , González Zuluaga Ana Teresa
Published: May 2024

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar aquellas concepciones y prácticas presentes en las interacciones entre padres, madres o adultos significativos y niños menores de seis años que propician la construcción de su subjetividad política, entendida ésta como el proceso mediante el cual el sujeto se va a afirmando históricamente, desde un marco de reconocimiento de sí y de los otros, autónomo y con sentido crítico que le permite participar activamente e involucrarse en proyectos colectivos. En función de este objetivo se tomaron como categorías de indagación y posterior análisis, el reconocimiento de los niños y las niñas como sujetos de derechos, participación infantil y autonomía. La metodología empleada es de tipo cualitativo, privilegiando técnicas etnográficas como la observación y las entrevistas en profundidad. Se contó con la participación de cinco familias ubicadas en las ciudades de Bogotá, Medellín y Manizales. Los hallazgos permiten evidenciar interacciones familiares que no contribuyen a la construcción de un sujeto político y que resulta necesario explicitar y Resignificar en el contexto de la crianza.
Las pedagogías críticas en tiempos de capitalismo cognitivo
Authors: Mejía J. Marco Raúl
Published: May 2024

“Siendo múltiples las caras de la dominación, son múltiples las resistencias y los agentes que las protagonizan. En la ausencia de un principio único, no es posible reunir todas las resistencias y agencias bajo el amparo de una gran teoría común, más que de una gran teoría común lo que necesitamos es una teoría de la traducción, que haga mutuamente inteligibles las luchas y permita a los actores colectivos ‘conversar’ sobre las opresiones a las que se resisten y las aspiraciones que los animan.”

Boaventura de Sousa Santos

El epígrafe que antecede este artículo, refleja el sentir de una época que impone entre las tareas fundamentales cuestionar los discursos críticos con los cuales habíamos enfrentado la modernidad y alude así mismo al quehacer que nos exige adentrarnos en los intersticios del proyecto de la globalización capitalista y neoliberal para reconocerlo en sus fisuras y fortalezas, y, a partir de la comprensión crítica de ese proyecto, construir caminos alternativos madurados en las resistencias que apenas se asoman y se esbozan en las prácticas de múltiples actores, las cuales hacen evidente la presencia de esas otras globalizaciones, que desde la singularidad y lo local muestran hoy los gérmenes de esos otros mundos posibles.
Abstract 04: Intersectional Inequities in Obesity Among Multiracial Adults by Urbanicity: A Random Effects MAIHDA Analysis
Authors: Jones-Antwi Rebecca E , Carter Jason R , Umstattd Meyer M. Renee
Published: May 2024

Based on 2020 Census Bureau data, the percentage of people who reported multiple races changed more than all of the race alone groups, increasing from 2.9% of the population (9 million people) in 2010 to 10.2% of the population (33.8 million) in 2020. Yet, the majority of national health surveys aggregate all individuals who identify with multiple races into one heterogeneous group. We hypothesize this aggregation masks important differences in terms of health. Beyond the aggregation, there are multiple dimensions of race/ethnicity including racial self-identification (the race(s) one identifies with), racial category (the census category one selects), Hispanic ethnicity, and others that do not ideally overlap among multiracial adults. For multiracial adults, it is unknown how these multiple contexts of race and ethnicity intersect with one another. We evaluated the intersection of racial self-identification, racial category, and Hispanic ethnicity on body mass index (BMI) among multiracial adults as a second-level social identity strata. We then examined if these intersectional inequities in BMI were differently patterned in urban, suburban, and rural areas. We used multilevel analysis of individual heterogeneity and discriminatory accuracy (MAIHDA) among multiracial adults in the US (n=42,632) with a three-year (2010-2012) pooled sample of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). We observed intersectional effects on BMI inequities. Most of the effects of social identity on BMI were explained by the combination of racial self-identification, racial category, and Hispanic ethnicity among multiracial adults (85.3%). Those living in a rural area had considerably higher BMIs than those living in an urban or suburban area. This is especially true for individuals with racial self-identification of White-Black, White-Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander (NHPI), Black-American Indian/Alaska Native (AIAN), Asian-NHPI, and White-Black-AIAN and those who chose the racial category of NHPI. For example, individuals who self-identified as White-Black had an average BMI 4.5 kg/m
2
(p<0.01) higher in rural areas compared to White-Blacks living in urban areas. The magnitude of this BMI gap across urban-rural environments varied considerably across social identity strata ranging from 35.3 kg/m
2
among Non-Hispanic White-Black-AIAN with no preference for one race to 22.5 kg/m
2
among Non-Hispanic White-Asian with no preference for one race. This study highlights aspects of the social construction of race and patterning across the urban-rural divide in evaluation of BMI/obesity. This study brings to light inequities within people who identify as multiracial and highlights sub-populations to focus future policy and intervention research on.
Abstract 17: Associations Between Digital Health App Engagement and Physical Activity Among African American Women With Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: Data From the Step It Up Digital Health-Enabled Physical Activity Intervention
Authors: Cintron Manuel A , Troendle James , Pita Mario , Tarfa Hannatu , Osei Baah Foster , Potharaju Kameswari , Thompson Keitra , Reynolds Sandy T , Hicks Shelby R , Sandler Dana , Dave Ayushi , Sharda Sonal , Wills Gallagher Jennifer , Heist Michael , Collins Billy S , Deguzman Sarah M , Aquino Peterson Elizabeth M , Ortiz-Whittingham Lola , Baez Andrew S , Andrews Marcus R , Marah Marie , Wells Ayanna L , Baumer Yvonne , Dodge Tonya , Powell-Wiley Tiffany M
Published: May 2024

Background:
Physical activity (PA) improves cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic health (CKMH); however, few digital health tools to increase PA are tailored for populations disproportionately impacted by adverse social determinants, such as African American (AA) women. Less is known about the effects of engagement with digital health applications (apps) on PA among AA women from under-resourced communities. The objective was to examine associations between app engagement and PA over six months in the Step It Up (SIU) digital health PA intervention.

Methods:
We enrolled women with ≥Stage 1 CKM syndrome (overweight/obesity) from resource-limited Washington, DC areas into SIU. Before the study, we created the SIU app with community-engaged approaches. Participants used the SIU app and a Fitbit Charge 2 PA monitor for the study. After collecting baseline PA data for two weeks, the app provides interactive PA educational modules, motivational and place-tailored messages about PA, and CKMH self-monitoring tools for six months. We examined associations between overall app and specific feature engagement (i.e. ecological momentary stress assessments (EMA) completed when opening the app, goal setting, modules) with PA (in steps/day) using linear mixed modeling.

Results:
Participants (N=57) had mean age=60±14 years and BMI=37±8 kg/m
2
. Overall app engagement was positively associated with PA, with each unit increase in engagement associated with 148 more steps/day (p<0.001, Table). Of the app features, engagement with the app EMA was significantly associated with higher PA (p<0.001). Engagement with app goal-setting tools and modules were less significantly associated with higher PA (p=.06 and p=.07 respectively).

Conclusions:
Engagement with community-tailored, digital health tools like the SIU app can increase PA for AA women with CKM syndrome from under-resourced communities. Future studies should identify methods for increasing engagement in digital health interventions to improve PA and CKMH among AA women.
Abstract 38: Prediction of Coronary Artery Disease Subtypes With Polygenic Risk Scores
Authors: Liou Lathan , Garcia Gonzalez Judit , Wu Hei Man , Wang Zhe , Choi Shing Wan , Hoggart Clive , Kontorovich Amy R , Kovacic Jason , OReilly Paul
Published: May 2024

Background:
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is a complex heterogeneous disease with multiple known etiological mechanisms. Consequently, CAD could be considered to have multiple subtypes, reflecting alternative driving etiologies that may warrant distinct therapeutic approaches. Motivated by this, we developed and optimized statistical models to predict CAD subtypes informed by genetic and clinical risk factors.

Methods:
We developed three models, each using logistic regression: (a) clinical risk factors only, (b) clinical risk factors plus genome-wide polygenic risk scores (PRS), and (c) clinical risk factors and pathway-based PRSs. We defined 5 different CAD subtypes on the basis of the literature: (1) stable vs. unstable, (2) occlusive vs non-occlusive, (3) high vs normal LDL, (4) high vs normal Lp(a), and (5) high vs normal ASCVD score. Clinical risk factors included: ASCVD score, ApoA, ApoB, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, and C-reactive protein. We calculated 4,402 pathway PRSs obtained from six genomic pathway databases (e.g. KEGG). We optimized the models using 80% of the samples as training, and then performed model evaluation (Bonferroni-corrected P-values) in an unseen 20% of the samples as validation.

Results:
Among 20,935 UK Biobank participants with CAD (mean age 63 years, 58% female), addition of pathway-based PRSs improved prediction of high LDL (P=1e-19) and high Lp(a) subtypes (P=1.8e-78). Using a lasso dimension reduction approach, the pathways most associated with the high Lp(a) subtype of CAD were: Fibronectin Binding (P=6xe-260), Apolipoprotein Binding (P=6.2e-252) and Serine-Type Endopeptidase Activity (P=1.7e-203).

Conclusions:
We demonstrate that prediction models distinguish CAD subtypes and that a novel pathway PRS approach can increase predictive power and provide insights into the genetic underpinnings of CAD subtypes. Pathway PRSs hold promise for the targeted therapeutic management for subgroups of CAD patients.
Abstract MP19: Patterns of Early-Onset and Late-Onset Dementia Incidence in the Dementia Risk Pooling Project
Authors: Giorgio Katherine , Stephen John , Mansolf Maxwell , Soumare Aïcha , Gross Alden , Aiello Allison , Singh-Manoux Archana , Ikram Mohammad A , Helmer Catherine , Tzourio Christophe , Satizabal Claudia L , Levine Deborah A , Lloyd-Jones Donald M , Briceno Emily M , Sorond Farzaneh A , Wolters Frank , Himali Jayandra , Launer Lenore J , Zhao Lihui , Lopez Oscar L , Debette Stephanie , Seshadri Sudha , Judd Suzanne E , Hughes Timothy M , Gudnason Vilmundur , Sabayan Behnam , Lutsey Pamela L , Pankow James S , de Vries Paul S , Lakomski Natalia , Zmora Rachel , Peterson Elizabeth , Scholtens Denise , Maclehose Richard , Allen Norrina B , Sedaghat Sanaz
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Early-onset dementia (EOD) is defined as dementia diagnosed before age 65. While much is known about late-onset dementia (LOD), research on EOD is scarce. The Dementia Risk Pooling Project (DRPP) harmonized data from nine community-based prospective studies, including under-represented racial/ethnic groups. We hypothesized that EOD incidence rates are higher for men than women, and non-Hispanic (NH) Black participants than other race/ethnicity groups.

Methods:
We used data from eight DRPP cohorts: Age, Gene/Environment Susceptibility-Reykjavik Study, Whitehall II study, Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, Cardiovascular Health Study, Honolulu-Asia Aging Study, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging, and six Framingham Heart Study cohorts. Individual data were pooled and rigorously harmonized. Race/ethnicity was categorized as self-reported Hispanic, NH White, NH Black, and NH other/unknown. Crude incidence rates and ratios were calculated per 10,000 person-years with 95% confidence intervals.

Results:
The analytic sample consisted of 56,607 participants, who experienced 7,504 cases of LOD and 124 cases of EOD over a median follow-up of 19.13 (IQR 10.46 - 31.11) years. EOD and LOD incidence rates per 10,000 person-years were 1.95 (95% CI 1.62 - 2.32) and 123.35 (95% CI 120.49 - 126.26), respectively. Compared to women, men had 1.17 (95% CI 0.82 - 1.66) times the rate of EOD but 0.82 (95% CI 0.79 - 0.86) times the rate of LOD. Similarly, compared to NH Whites, Hispanics and participants of other or unknown race/ethnicity had higher rates of EOD but lower rates of LOD. NH Blacks had a higher rate of both EOD and LOD compared to NH Whites, but the association with EOD was more pronounced.

Conclusion:
In this multi-cohort study with individual participant data, EOD and LOD incidence rates were different across sex and race/ethnicity groups. Some of these differences may be due to longer life expectancy in women and some race/ethnicity groups.
Abstract MP60: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Pitavastatin Calcium to Treat Combined Dyslipidemia of Obesity in Adolescents - The Pediatric Heart Network Dyslipidemia of Obesity Intervention in Teens (Do It!) Trial
Authors: McCrindle Brian W , Arslanian Silva , Mietus-Snyder Michele , Urbina Elaine M , Ware Adam , Teng Jessica E , Trachtenberg Felicia , Russell Mark , Shah Amy S , Cartoski Mark , Brothers Julie A , San Giovanni Christine , Zachariah Justin , Pena Sandra , Mahle William T , Peterson Amy , Magge Sheela , Raghuveer Geetha , Sharma Binu , Kazlova Valiantsina , Sponseller Craig A , Freemon D'Andrea , Deferranti Sarah
Published: May 2024

Background:
Combined dyslipidemia of obesity (CDO) is prevalent in ~20% of youth and characterized by high numbers of atherogenic small LDL (sLDL) particles associated with stiffer arteries. The safety and impact of statin therapy is not known.

Methods:
A 2-year masked trial of pitavastatin calcium 4 mg/day versus placebo for participants ages 10-19 years with body mass index (BMI) ≥85
th
%ile and CDO defined as non-HDL-C ≥120 mg/dL and either low HDL-C or high triglyceride (TG):HDL-C ratio. The primary outcome was change in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) and carotid measures assessed at baseline, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. Secondary outcomes included safety and lipid measures.

Results:
Across 18 sites, 59 participants were randomized to pitavastatin and 60 to placebo. Demographic (mean age 13.5±1.2 yrs; 55% males), anthropomorphic (BMI %ile 98±3; waist/height ratio 0.66±0.08), lipid (non-HDL-C 167±29 mg/dL, LDL-C 127±25 mg/dL, HDL-C 37±7 mg/dL, TG/HDL ratio 6.4±4.7, sLDL number 866±419 nmol/L), vascular (PWV 5.0±0.7 m/sec) and safety measures were similar at baseline between groups. There were 28 early terminations (11 pitavastatin, 17 placebo). Significant reductions with pitavastatin versus placebo were noted in non-HDL-C (median -25% vs +3% at 6 months, p<0.001), LDL-C (-29% vs +7%, p<0.001), and apolipoprotein B (-26% vs 0%, p<0.001). An early reduction relative to placebo in sLDL particle number was not sustained (FIGURE A), and there were no significant changes or trends for PWV (FIGURE B) or carotid measures in either group. There was one serious adverse event (placebo), and no significant differences in liver enzymes, muscle toxicity, glucose homeostasis, or somatic growth, including adiposity.

Conclusions:
Over 2 years, treatment of CDO in adolescents with pitavastatin calcium resulted in significant improvement in dyslipidemia with no safety concerns. No change in PWV in either group may be due to lower-than-expected baseline PWV, insufficient magnitude of impact on CDO, or lack of change in adiposity.
Abstract MP65: Multimorbidity Trajectories From Early Adulthood and Current and Subsequent Accelerometer-Measured Sedentary and Physical Activity Behaviors in Midlife: Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Authors: Dooley Erin E , Bowling C. Barrett , Chen Baojiang , Hornikel Bjoern , Badon Sylvia E , Schreiner Pamela J , Carnethon Mercedes , Lewis Cora E , Pettee Gabriel Kelley
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Multimorbidity, having two or more chronic diseases, can lead to functional limitations. However limited data exist on the associations of multimorbidity during the early life-course with physical activity (PA). We assessed the hypothesis that patterns of multimorbidity accumulation from early to mid- adulthood is associated with differences in 1) concurrent PA and 2) changes in PA during midlife.

Methods:
We analyzed subsamples of CARDIA participants who wore an accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X) on the waist ≥4 days with ≥10 hr/day during the Year 30 (2015-16; n = 1425) and again at Year 35 (2020-22; n = 745 of 1425) follow-up exams. Accelerometer estimates included time (min/day) spent in sedentary (SB), light intensity (LPA), or moderate to vigorous intensity PA (MVPA) behaviors. Six identified latent trajectories of early- to mid- life multimorbidity based on age and rate of accumulation included: 1) mid-20s fast; 2) mid-20s slow; 3) late-20s fast; 4) mid-30s fast; 5) mid-40s fast; and 6) early-50s slow [referent]. Linear models were used to estimate differences in 1) behaviors at Year 30 and 2) relative change (%) from Year 30 to Year 35 by multimorbidity trajectory, after adjustment.

Results:
CARDIA adults (overall: 62% female, 45% Black, mean age = 55 at Year 30) in the early-50s slow group had the highest MVPA (54.5 min/day) and LPA (348 min/day) and least SB (515 min/day) (unadjusted χ
2
: p < 0.01). At Year 30, when compared to early-50s slow, mid-20s slow had lower LPA (β = -17.1, p = 0.003) and late-20s fast had lower MVPA (β = -12.0, p < 0.001) after covariate adjustment. No significant differences in 5-year relative change in any activity were found by multimorbidity trajectory (Figure).

Conclusions:
In this prospective cohort, adults who accumulated disease later (early-50s) had higher PA at midlife. Changes in midlife PA and SB did not differ by multimorbidity trajectory, however this was a relatively short follow-up. Additional follow-up will provide clarity as CARDIA participants transition into older adulthood.
Abstract P240: Association of Perceived Lifetime Discrimination With COVID-19 Infection, Hospitalization and Death: The Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) Study
Authors: White Whilby Kellee , Jin Yiqun , Balte Pallavi , Kamin Mukaz Debora , Hinckley Stukovsky Karen , Hirsch Jana , Allen Norrina B , Post Wendy S , Sims Mario , Oelsner Elizabeth
Published: May 2024

Rationale:
Perceived discrimination adversely impacts individual and population health. However, limited studies have examined associations between discrimination and COVID-19 severity in a diverse cohort of adults. We investigated the association between lifetime discrimination and risk of severe COVID-19.

Methods:
This study included Black, Chinese, Hispanic, and White participants (45-84 years of age) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). Lifetime discrimination (experiences of unfair treatment in 6 domains) was assessed at baseline (2000-2002). Incident COVID-19 was ascertained by the Collaborative Cohort of Cohorts for COVID-19 Research (C4R) via questionnaires, serosurvey, and medical records in 2020-2023. Hospitalized and fatal cases were defined as severe; all other cases were defined as non-severe. Associations of lifetime discrimination and incident severe and non-severe COVID-19 were examined via Fine-Gray proportional sub-distribution hazards models, adjusting for covariates. Effect modification by sex, race/ethnicity, and educational attainment was tested.

Results:
Of 3,441 participants (mean age 76 years, 54% female, 13% Chinese, 20% Hispanic, 25% Black, 41% White), there were 248 cases of non-severe COVID-19 and 83 cases of severe COVID-19. Individuals reporting lifetime discrimination in ≥2 domains (vs none) had a two-fold higher hazard of severe COVID-19. Effect modification was observed by sex (P=.003) and educational attainment (P=.072), but not by race/ethnicity (P=.24). In stratified models, associations of lifetime discrimination and severe COVID-19 were stronger in women versus men and in participants with lower versus higher educational attainment (
Table
).

Conclusion:
Lifetime discrimination was associated with greater risk of severe COVID-19, particularly in women and persons with lower educational attainment. Further research is needed to understand mechanisms underlying these associations and to inform prevention and risk mitigation.
Abstract P403: Distribution of Cardiovascular Health and Its Impact on Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Among Korean Adolescents
Authors: Kaneko Fumie , Lee Hokyou , Kim Hyeon Chang
Published: May 2024

Introduction:
Cardiovascular health (CVH) distribution and its impact on vascular health, particularly among Asian adolescents, is unclear. We aimed to examine (1) the CVH distribution and (2) the association between CVH and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) among Korean adolescents.

Methods:
We included 666 students (mean 15.4 years at baseline, 49.2% girls) from the JS High School cohort, a prospective single-school cohort. All participants completed a set of health examinations in a 2-year span. We classified and described participants’ CVH per AHA Life’s Essential 8, excluding diet and sleep. A cumulative CVH score was calculated as the total score of each visit (0-100 points for six components; cumulative score ranged 0-1200 points) and classified into quartiles. The association between cumulative CVH score and follow-up cIMT was assessed using the multivariable logistic regression model.

Results:
Baseline, follow-up, and cumulative CVH scores ranged from 300-600, 255-600, and 555-1180 points, respectively. Most participants achieved optimal nicotine exposure and blood glucose, whereas few achieved optimal physical activity. (Figure A) A sex difference was observed in blood pressure; 78.4% (257/328) and 36.6% (90/338) of girls and boys, respectively, maintained the optimal level. Participants with lower baseline or follow-up CVH scores tended to have greater cIMT. (Figure B) Gradually reduced odds for increased cIMT were observed according to higher CVH scores (Figure C).

Conclusion:
Among Korean adolescents, achieving higher cardiovascular health was associated with thinner cIMT. Our findings highlighted a disparity in the CVH distribution. Future studies should include information on diet and sleep.
Ablating Myocardium Using Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields: Preclinical Assessment of Feasibility, Safety, and Durability
Authors: Nies Moritz , Watanabe Keita , Kawamura Iwanari , Wang Bingyan J. , Litt Jeffrey , Turovskiy Roman , Danitz David J. , Uecker Darrin R. , Linder Keith E. , Maejima Yasuhiro , Sasano Tetsuo , Reddy Vivek Y. , Koruth Jacob S.
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND:

Unlike conventional microsecond pulsed electrical fields that primarily target the cell membranes, nanosecond pulses are thought to primarily electroporate intracellular organelles. We conducted a comprehensive preclinical assessment of catheter-based endocardial nanosecond pulsed field ablation in swine.

METHODS:

A novel endocardial nanosecond pulsed field ablation system was evaluated in a total of 25 swine. Using either a low-dose (5-second duration) or high-dose (15-second duration) strategy, thoracic veins and discrete atrial and ventricular sites were ablated. Predetermined survival periods were <1 (n=1), ≈2 (n=7), ≈7 (n=6), 14 (n=2), or ≈28 (n=9) days, and venous isolation was assessed before euthanasia. Safety assessments included evaluation of esophageal effects, phrenic nerve function, and changes in venous caliber. All tissues were subject to careful gross pathological and histopathologic examination.

RESULTS:

All (100%) veins (13 low-dose, 34 high-dose) were acutely isolated, and all reassessed veins (6 low-dose, 15 high-dose) were durably isolated. All examined vein lesions (10 low-dose, 22 high-dose) were transmural. Vein diameters (n=15) were not significantly changed. Of the animals assessed for phrenic palsy (n=9), 3 (33%) demonstrated only transient palsy. There were no differences between dosing strategies. Thirteen mitral isthmus lesions were analyzed, and all 13 (100%) were transmural (depth, 6.4±0.4 mm). Ventricular lesions were 14.7±4.5 mm wide and 7.1±1.3 mm deep, with high-dose lesions deeper than low-dose (7.9±1.2 versus 6.2±0.8 mm;
P
=0.007). The esophagus revealed nontransmural adventitial surface lesions in 5 of 5 (100%) animals euthanized early (2 days) post-ablation. In the 10 animals euthanized later (14–28 days), all animals demonstrated significant esophageal healing—8 with complete resolution, and 2 with only trace fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONS:

A novel, endocardial nanosecond pulsed field ablation system provides acute and durable venous isolation and linear lesions. Transient phrenic injury and nontransmural esophageal lesions can occur with worst-case assessments suggesting limits to pulsed field ablation tissue selectivity and the need for dedicated assessments during clinical studies.
Cardiorenal Syndrome: An Evolutionary Appraisal
Authors: Young James B. , Eknoyan Garabed
Published: May 2024

A recent American Heart Association Scientific Statement and Presidential Advisory recognized a new syndrome, the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome. This expands our understanding of what has been called cardiorenal syndrome by incorporating the pathophysiological interrelatedness of metabolic risk factors into the previous concept of cardiorenal syndrome. Importantly, perturbation of cardiac or renal physiology combines to produce significant detrimental outcomes. The cardiorenal syndrome is a significant part of the cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome and contributes to health care cost, disability, and mortality. It is a vexing malady that has generated considerable interest. To understand the syndrome evaluation of its teleological origins is important. In life’s beginning, eukaryotes acquired exocytosis for excretion, formed tubular secretory systems for clearance, and a mesenchymal nucleic acid vasoform for nutritional distribution. Those structures progressed to cardiovascular and renal systems of evolving organisms, whose migration to rivers and land imposed complex, coordinated, homeostatic roles to maintain intravascular stability. Tissue mineralization of vertebrate endoskeleton added renal calcium balance regulation, which in kidney failure results in cardiovascular calcification. Insight into cardiorenal disease can be traced to ancient Egyptian and Chinese medicine, through the Scientific Revolution, and into current insights regarding human physiology and pathophysiology. The post-World War II epidemic of cardiovascular mortality generated considerable information on cardiovascular disease, which being higher in patients with kidney disease, drew increasing health concerns. The cardiorenal syndrome was formally introduced in this setting with a focus on ultrafiltration to manage volume overload. An evolutionary review of insight into cardiorenal syndrome will help us better understand the new cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome.