bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
El planeamiento paisajístico territorialista: análisis del grado de adaptación de la metodología analítica para la proyección identitaria del territorio
Authors: Merino-del Río Rebeca
Published: October 2021

El artículo se centra en evaluar el grado de correspondencia entre los principales planes paisajísticos desarrollados por la escuela territorialista y la metodología analítica para la proyección identitaria del territorio. Para ello, tras identificarse los pilares en que se sustenta la metodología analítica a nivel teórico, se procede a realizar un análisis de las estructuras del Piano di Indirizzo Territoriale della Regione Toscana y del Piano Paesaggistico Territoriale della Regione Puglia, ambos desarrollados siguiendo los presupuestos territorialistas. Se presta especial atención a las convergencias y divergencias existentes entre las secciones de los planes y las fases en que se divide la metodología analítica. Una síntesis del análisis comparado de ambos instrumentos nos permite hacer una propuesta de sistematización para las intervenciones en el paisaje ajustada a los postulados teóricos territorialistas.
Sustainable Expedition and Tasty Meals: A Design Contradiction?
Authors: Mossberg Lena , Lindberg Frank
Published: October 2021

This study focuses on meals on tourist expeditions from a sustainable and experience design perspective. There are studies on expedition food from a medical and nutrition point of view but without an experiential dimension. The purpose of this study is to explore how tour operators
are offering meal experiences through sustainable practice during extraordinary expeditions. We report findings from dog sledding expeditions on Arctic Svalbard and Kilimanjaro Mountain climbing. We first describe how meal experiences are integrated into the expeditions. Second, we examine
how this is done sustainably. Third, we investigate whether the meal experiences capacitate consumer immersion to enhance the total experience of the expeditions. Finally, we discuss how the study contributes to the debate on meal experience design for sustainable nature-based tourism. The
tour operator in Kilimanjaro served nutritious and tasty local food, while the Svalbard trips were based on nutritious dry food during the trip with culinary dinner experiences. All expedition designs combined nutritious and tasty experiences, although differently. Although it is often difficult
to focus on sustainability and culinary experiences in extraordinary contexts, we discuss how both aspects can be combined so that expedition food can enhance the experience of consumers.
A State-of-the-Art Review on Action Learning Theory and Models for Organizational Development
Authors: Bakhsh Khuda , Hafeez Muhammad , Basit Iffat
Published: October 2021

Action learning may be defined as a process supported by a collection of individuals that inductee imaginative resolutions to handle multiple difficulties. Action learning is an effective strategy to develop the management skills for organizations or indiviuals. It measures mainly team strategies in solving real life problem and supports the team building within an organization or company. Many effective organizations utilize action learning to understand workforce progress and development. The purpose of this article was to present a systematic and state of the art review of literature about action learning theory and models used for organizational development. A total 29 articles were selected from various data based by introducing the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The review of literature indicated that application of action learning theory improves the capacity building, self-efficacy and performance of the organizations. The review of literature also showed that by following action learning theory, an organization developed and progress rapidly. Some action learning models, principles, their limitations and outcomes are also discussed in this article. To strengthen the review results of development of organizations, a number of case studies were also presented in this review article to provide the evidences of action learning theory to improve the efficiency of organizations
The complexities of measuring change in prisoners with sexual offence histories
Authors:   Corrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, Australia., Sweller Tamara , Thomas Stuart ,   Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, Daffern Michael ,   Centre for ForeBehavioural Science, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, Australia, and Victorian Institute of Forensic Mental Health (Forensicare), Melbourne, Australia.
Published: October 2021

Assessing change in incarcerated sexual offenders is critical to release decision-making and risk management. This study measured change in a group of treatment completers from a custody-based treatment program. Change was determined through comparison of pre- and post-treatment psychological testing and structured therapist assessment. Data were analysed at the group and individual levels. Multiple complexities were evident when examining the psychometric test results; many participants were considered ‘functional’ (within the normal range) according to extant test norms prior to treatment, and many who were regarded as ‘dysfunctional’ pre-treatment remained in this range post-treatment. Tests measuring constructs from the same risk factor domain often produced inconsistent results and, for most participants, change was only evident on some tests. Psychometric assessment results and therapist ratings were associated. These results highlight the complexities inherent in the evaluation of change. Clinical implications for the measurement of change and test selection are discussed.
Childhood Trauma and Psychosis: The case for exploring Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) as an adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia
Authors:   Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK & University of Manchester, Manchester UK., Qurashi Inti , Chu Simon ,   Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK & University of Central Lancashire, Preston UK., Ashcroft Henry ,   Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool UK., Cross Benjamin ,   East Lancashire Hospitals NHS Trust, Blackburn UK., Bentall Richard ,   University of Sheffield, Sheffield UK., Husain Nusrat ,   University of Sheffield, Sheffield UK.
Published: October 2021

There is an association between childhood trauma and the development of psychosis in adulthood and a treatment recommended to reduce the symptoms of trauma is Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR). Studies of EMDR in adults with psychotic experiences and a history of trauma have shown encouraging results. As psychosis is a core feature of schizophrenia, and many persons with schizophrenia will have experienced childhood trauma, we review the evidence that EMDR may be a safe and effective adjunctive treatment for schizophrenia. We conclude that the evidence base supports well-designed and adequately powered randomised controlled studies of EMDR in schizophrenia with careful consideration given to inclusion criteria, participant acceptability and selection of clinically relevant outcome measures. Mechanism of action and potential effects on cognitive functioning should also be explored.
https://threequayspublishing.com/product/exploring-the-use-of-safety-strategies-by-victims-of-interpersonal-violence-a-systematic-review/
Authors:   School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK and Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK., Nally Thomas , Ireland Jane L. , Birch Philip ,   School of Psychology and Computer Science, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK and Ashworth Research Centre, Mersey Care NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK.,   Centre for Law & Justice, Charles Sturt University, Port Macquarie, Australia
Published: October 2021

This systematic review analysed 61 papers, from an initial search result of 3,540 papers, to explore how victims of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) and interpersonal violence manage their victimisation. The review yielded five themes, centred on evidence for safety strategies adopted by those affected by IPV or interpersonal violence. These comprised; Victims seek help following interpersonal violence; Victims of interpersonal violence experience barriers to seeking help; Victims use multiple strategies to manage experiences of abuse; Victims of interpersonal violence cope in multiple ways; The help-seeking behaviours of victims are contextual. The findings indicated that victims of IPV and interpersonal violence utilise a range of strategies, including help-seeking, safety enhancing strategies and coping strategies, in response to their victimisation. It also indicated that there are significant barriers preventing help-seeking and victimisation reporting. The findings are discussed in relation to the help seeking behaviour of victims and how this may be impacted by barriers at different stages of the help-seeking process.
Development and validation of the Interoceptive States Static Images (ISSI) database
Authors: Biotti Federica , Ahmad Sarah , Quinn Racquel , Brewer Rebecca
Published: October 2021

Internal bodily signals provide an essential function for human survival. Accurate recognition of such signals in the self, known as interoception, supports the maintenance of homeostasis, and is closely related to emotional processing, learning and decision-making, and mental health. While numerous studies have investigated interoception in the self, the recognition of these states in others has not been examined despite its crucial importance for successful social relationships. This paper presents the development and validation of the Interoceptive States Static Images (ISSI), introducing a validated database of 423 visual stimuli for the study of non-affective internal state recognition in others, freely available to other researchers. Actors were photographed expressing various exemplars of both interoceptive states and control actions. The images went through a two-stage validation procedure, the first involving free-labelling and the second using multiple choice labelling and quality rating scales. Five scores were calculated for each stimulus, providing information about the quality and specificity of the depiction, as well as the extent to which labels matched the intended state/action. Results demonstrated that control action stimuli were more recognisable than internal state stimuli. Inter-category variability was found for the internal states, with some states being more recognisable than others. Recommendations for the utilisation of ISSI stimuli are discussed. The stimulus set is freely available to researchers, alongside data concerning recognisability.
Mathematik und Mehrsprachigkeit: Konzeption eines digital-mehrsprachigen Geometriewörterbuches
Authors: Reiter Markus , Karner Ingrid
Published: October 2021

Ein Blick in österreichische (Grund-)Schulklassen zeigt ein teilweise sehr heterogenes Bild hinsichtlich der Erstsprachen der Kinder. Diese Situation stellt eine große Herausforderung für jede Lehrkraft dar. An vielen österreichischen Schulen ist aber Muttersprachenunterricht aus Ressourcengründen nicht möglich. Gerade im Kontext eines sprachsensiblen Mathematikunterrichts wird stets nach Möglichkeiten gesucht, Kindern mathematische Inhalte/Begriffe möglichst individuell und differenziert anzubieten. In diesem Kontext wird ein digital-mehrsprachiges Geometriewörterbuch vorgestellt.
USING HISTORICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY FOR MONITORING OF ENVIRONMENT CHANGES: A CASE STUDY OF BOVAN LAKE, EASTERN SERBIA
Authors: Bakrač Saša , Marković Viktor , Drobnjak Siniša , Đorđević Dejan , Stamenković Nikola
Published: October 2021

Useful and important information for the spatial, ecological, and many other changes in the living environment may be obtained using the analysis of historical aerial photography, with comparison to contemporary imagery. This method provides the ability to determine the state of elements of the space over a long period, encompassing the time when it was not possible to acquire the data from satellite imagery or some other contemporary sources. Aerial images are suitable for mapping spatial phenomena with relatively limited spatial distribution because they possess a high level of details and low spatial coverage. With a comparative analysis of aerial imagery from the past, contemporary aerial imagery, and other sources of aerial imagery, we can obtain information about the nature and trends of the observed phenomena as well as directions of future actions, considering changes detected in the environment, whether they are preventive or corrective in nature. This paper gives the methodological framework for the appliance of the existing knowledge from various fields, intending to use historical aerial photography for monitoring of environmental changes of the Bovan Lake in Eastern Serbia.
Rotation and Lithium Confirmation of a 500 pc Halo for the Open Cluster NGC 2516*
Authors: Bouma L. G. , Curtis J. L. , Hartman J. D. , Winn J. N. , Bakos G. Á.
Published: October 2021

Recent analyses of the Gaia data have identified diffuse stellar populations surrounding nearby open clusters. It is important to verify that these “halos,” “tails,” and “strings” are of similar ages and compositions as stars in the denser part of the cluster. We present an analysis of NGC 2516 (≈150 Myr), which has a classical tidal radius of 10 pc and an apparent halo of stars spanning 500 pc (20° on-sky). Combining photometry from Gaia, rotation periods from TESS, and lithium measurements from Gaia-ESO and GALAH, we find that the halo of NGC 2516 is the same age as the cluster’s core. Two-thirds of kinematically selected halo members out to 250 pc from the cluster center have rotation periods consistent with a gyrochronological age of 150 Myr. A comparison sample of field stars shows no such trend. The lithium abundances of stars in the halo are higher than in the field and correlated with the stellar rotation rate and binarity fraction, as has been noted in other young open clusters. Broadly speaking, this work supports a new paradigm wherein the halos of open clusters are often more populous than their cores. We highlight implications for spectroscopic survey targeting, open cluster dispersal, and planet searches around young stars.
MOSAIC: A Satellite Constellation to Enable Groundbreaking Mars Climate System Science and Prepare for Human Exploration
Authors: Lillis Robert J. , Mitchell David , Montabone Luca , Heavens Nicholas , Harrison Tanya , Stuurman Cassie , Guzewich Scott , England Scott , Withers Paul , Chaffin Mike , Curry Shannon , Ao Chi , Matousek Steven , Barba Nathan , Woolley Ryan , Smith Isaac , Osinski Gordon R. , Kleinböhl Armin , Tamppari Leslie , Mischna Michael , Kass David , Smith Michael , Wolff Michael , Kahre Melinda , Spiga Aymeric , Forget François , Cantor Bruce , Deighan Justin , Brecht Amanda , Bougher Stephen , Fowler Christopher M. , Andrews David , Patzold Martin , Peter Kerstin , Tellmann Silvia , Lester Mark , Sánchez-Cano Beatriz , Luhmann Janet , Leblanc François , Halekas Jasper , Brain David , Fang Xiaohua , Espley Jared , Opgenoorth Hermann , Vaisberg Oleg , Hinson David , Asmar Sami , Vander Hook Joshua , Karatekin Ozgur , Barjatya Aroh , Tripathi Abhishek
Published: October 2021

The Martian climate system has been revealed to rival the complexity of Earth’s. Over the last 20 yr, a fragmented and incomplete picture has emerged of its structure and variability; we remain largely ignorant of many of the physical processes driving matter and energy flow between and within Mars’ diverse climate domains. Mars Orbiters for Surface, Atmosphere, and Ionosphere Connections (MOSAIC) is a constellation of ten platforms focused on understanding these climate connections, with orbits and instruments tailored to observe the Martian climate system from three complementary perspectives. First, low-circular near-polar Sun-synchronous orbits (a large mothership and three smallsats spaced in local time) enable vertical profiling of wind, aerosols, water, and temperature, as well as mapping of surface and subsurface ice. Second, elliptical orbits sampling all of Mars’ plasma regions enable multipoint measurements necessary to understand mass/energy transport and ion-driven escape, also enabling, with the polar orbiters, dense radio occultation coverage. Last, longitudinally spaced areostationary orbits enable synoptic views of the lower atmosphere necessary to understand global and mesoscale dynamics, global views of the hydrogen and oxygen exospheres, and upstream measurements of space weather conditions. MOSAIC will characterize climate system variability diurnally and seasonally, on meso-, regional, and global scales, targeting the shallow subsurface all the way out to the solar wind, making many first-of-their-kind measurements. Importantly, these measurements will also prepare for human exploration and habitation of Mars by providing water resource prospecting, operational forecasting of dust and radiation hazards, and ionospheric communication/positioning disruptions.
Confirmation of Leptobrachella ventripunctata (Fei, Ye, and Li, 1990), based on molecular and morphological evidence in Thailand
Authors: Wu Yun-He , Pawangkhanant Parinya , Chen Jin-Min , Gao Wei , Suwannapoom Chatmongkon , Che Jing
Published: October 2021

Thailand is considered a global biodiversity hotspot that is known to harbour a striking diversity of endemic species. However, several research studies have determined that the level of amphibian diversity in the country has been significantly underestimated. The megophryid genus Leptobrachella Smith, 1925 is currently known to include 89 species that are primarily distributed throughout southern China and Southeast Asia; however, only seven species have been found in Thailand.

Based on an integrative approach encompassing genetic and morphological analyses, we have concluded that the population identified from Chiang Rai Province of Thailand is conspecific with Leptobrachella ventripunctata (Fei, Ye, and Li, 1990). Importantly, this is the first confirmation record of this species, based on molecular and morphological evidence in Thailand. The discovery of this species reaffirms that the diversity within the genus has been underestimated with many species yet to be discovered. In addition, the findings of our study further highlight the lack of existing knowledge on amphibian taxonomy and an underestimation of the biodiversity that exists along these national border areas.
Cardiac resynchronization therapy system implantation complications
Authors: Iovev Svetoslav , Zhivkov Peyo , Konteva Mariana
Published: October 2021

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) using coronary sinus (CS) leads is an established method for the therapy of congestive heart failure (CHF) in the case of asynchronous ventricular contractions. Successful therapy depends on the placement of left ventricular leads usually via the coronary sinus (CS), a technically more challenging procedure than regular pacemaker implantations. Without speciﬁ c precautions CRT implantation can be the gateway to a time-consuming nightmare. Therefore, CS lead implantation methods, with a focus on complications, were reviewed according to the literature and our own experience with approximately 4500 procedures from 2002-2021.
Casablanca : le film, la ville et les touristes. À propos du Rick’s Café et de quelques autres simulacres in situ
Authors: Staszak Jean-François
Published: October 2021

Cet article porte sur les rapports entre le film Casablanca (1942) et la ville éponyme. Il examine en termes d’orientalisme l’imaginaire géographique du film et ses conditions de tournage pour montrer comment la métropole marocaine en est quasi-absente. Il atteste en revanche que le classique hollywoodien est bien présent dans les paysages urbains casablancais. L’analyse porte en particulier sur le Rick’s Café, ouvert à Casablanca en 2004 pour évoquer l’établissement qui sert de cadre au film. Il propose le concept de « simulacre in situ  » pour comprendre les logiques, les pratiques et les effets de lieux à l’oeuvre Rick’s Café, et démontre sa pertinence en déclinant divers exemples, issus du cinéma, de la télévision, de la peinture, de la littérature ou de récits historiques. L’article constitue une contribution à la réflexion sur les simulacres géographiques et sur le ciné-tourisme ( film-induced tourism ), et plus généralement sur les rapports entre les lieux et les imaginaires. Sur la base d’une approche décomplexée des simulacres, il plaide pour une géographie qui prenne pleinement en compte la dimension imaginaire des lieux, et au sérieux la capacité de leurs visiteurs à faire semblant d’y croire.
Les thèses de géographie au CNU : structurations disciplinaires et hiérarchies universitaires
Authors: Baron Myriam , de Ruffray Sophie
Published: October 2021

La majorité des candidatures à un poste de maître de conférences dans un établissement d’enseignement supérieur français suppose que la personne a certes soutenu une thèse de doctorat mais surtout a été qualifiée par une section du Comité National des Universités (CNU). Certaines informations des dossiers de candidatures qualifiés constituent un matériau inédit pour rendre compte de la géographie universitaire et urbaine de ces thèses et des thématiques traitées. L’analyse de telles informations vient ainsi enrichir la géographie de la science en France. Des explorations sont menées ici à partir des dossiers qualifiés en 23 e  section du CNU, intitulée « Géographie physique, humaine, économique et régionale », au cours de la mandature 2016-2019. Elles permettent de souligner que l’écrasante majorité des thèses qualifiées ont été soutenues dans une université et qu’au-delà de la très forte concentration de thèses dans l’agglomération parisienne, des villes occupent des positions remarquables, par un nombre très élevé de thèses qualifiées par encadrant et des thématiques de recherche spécifiques. Ces premiers résultats posent de nombreuses questions sur l’inertie de la géographie des thèses qualifiées, ce qu’elles révèlent des thématiques de recherche et des champs à l’intérieur de la discipline. Ils invitent également à s’interroger sur la stabilité des potentiels d’encadrement doctoral.
La décentralisation éducative améliore-t-elle l’efficience technique des écoles primaires en Afrique subsaharienne ?
Authors: Avom Désiré , Malah Kuété Flora Yselle , Nguemkap Kouamo Romuald
Published: October 2021

Cet article a pour objectif d’examiner empiriquement l’effet de la décentralisation éducative sur l’efficience technique des écoles primaires en Afrique subsaharienne (ASS). Pour y parvenir, nous recourons aux données primaires issues d’une enquête réalisée par le Programme d’analyse des systèmes éducatifs de la CONFEMEN (PASEC) en 2014 sur un échantillon de 1 429 écoles réparties dans 10 pays d’ASS. Après estimation d’un modèle d’analyse par enveloppement des données (DEA) en deux étapes, nous sommes parvenus à deux principaux résultats. Premièrement, l’efficience technique moyenne des écoles considérées se situe autour de 68,9 %, et seulement 119 écoles produisent à partir d’un panier d’ input optimal, subodorant, toutes choses égales par ailleurs, un gaspillage d’environ 31,1 % des ressources mises à leur disposition. Deuxièmement, la décentralisation éducative approximée par l’implication de la communauté réduit significativement cette efficience, avec toutefois des effets différentiés en amplitudes selon la localité et le type d’école. Classification JEL : C14, H75, O55
Donneurs et acteurs de terrain : une étude quantitative de la délégation et de la fragmentation de l’aide humanitaire
Authors: Ferrière Nathalie
Published: October 2021

La part de l’aide humanitaire croît dans l’aide totale. Or les acteurs impliqués restent peu étudiés. Cet article documente la fragmentation de l’aide à un double niveau : celui des donneurs et celui des acteurs de terrains. Le jeu de délégation entre les deux peut réduire les effets négatifs de la fragmentation de l’aide. À partir de trois études de cas, le lien entre fragmentation, délégation et efficacité de l’aide humanitaire est illustré et les coûts et bénéfices potentiels de la délégation et de la fragmentation discutés. Classification JEL : H84, F35, L31, F53
« L’Amphibie » de François Couperin ou Abrégé des lieux communs les plus utiles pour l’improvisation et la composition
Authors: Nicolas Patrice
Published: October 2021

Depuis la parution, en 2007, de l’ouvrage clé Music in the Galant Style de Robert Gjerdingen, l’improvisation musicale historiquement informée n’a pas cessé de gagner en importance. L’on comprend mieux, maintenant, comment les anciens musiciens pouvaient produire quantité d’œuvres de la plus haute qualité, et ce avec une rapidité et une facilité qu’il paraissait jusque-là impossible d’atteindre. Leur secret réside dans un enseignement fondé sur la pratique séculaire du lieu commun , dont on peut se faire une idée d’après les traités théoriques qui nous sont parvenus. Pour ce qui est de la pratique française du xviii e  siècle, il nous manque cependant celui de François Couperin, qui viendrait compléter la trop brève Règle pour l’accompagnement non autographe qui lui est attribuée. Comment donc Couperin instruisait-il plus complètement ses apprentis dans l’art de préluder et quels lieux communs jugeait-il comme étant les plus utiles pour l’improvisation et la composition ? Une de ses œuvres, aussi remarquable que singulière, « L’Amphibie », pourrait bien nous fournir quelques éléments de réponse.
France 2009 : l’âge moyen à la maternité atteint 30 ans
Authors: Pison Gilles
Published: October 2021

Malgré la crise économique, la fécondité est restée élevée en France en 2009 : 1,98 enfant en moyenne par femme contre 1,99 en 2008. Le retard des maternités se poursuit : les femmes ayant accouché en 2009 avaient 30,0 ans en moyenne, contre 29,9 ans en 2008. Depuis un siècle, les âges de la maternité se sont resserrés autour de la moyenne en relation avec la raréfaction des familles nombreuses. Le recul de l’âge à la maternité est général dans les pays développés. En Europe, les femmes ont leurs enfants le plus tard aux Pays-Bas, en Irlande et en Italie.
Les discriminations : une question de minorités visibles
Authors: Beauchemin Cris , Hamel Christelle , Lesné Maud , Simon Patrick , l’équipe de l’enquête TeO
Published: October 2021

D’après l’enquête Trajectoires et Origines (TeO), un peu moins de 14 % des personnes âgées de 18 à 50 ans résidant en France déclarent avoir vécu des discriminations dans les cinq dernières années, ceci quel que soit le motif (sexiste, raciste, homophobe, lié à l’âge, à la religion ou à l’état de santé). Les Français qui ne sont ni immigrés ni fils ou filles d’immigrés sont 10 % à en déclarer, contre 24 % des fils ou filles d’immigrés, et 26 % des immigrés. Les motifs cités sont d’abord l’origine (ou la nationalité) et la couleur de la peau (57 % et 17 %), puis le sexe et l’âge. Les femmes et les plus de 35 ans déclarent moins de discriminations que les hommes et les jeunes. Si occuper un emploi protège de l’impression de discrimination, celle-ci augmente avec le niveau d’études et les difficultés d’accès aux postes de responsabilité, le fameux « plafond de verre ». Toutefois, seules 13 % des personnes ayant déclaré avoir subi une discrimination ont entrepris une démarche auprès d’un commissariat, d’une association, d’un syndicat, ou de la Halde.
Recul spectaculaire de la mortalité due à la grippe : le rôle de la vaccination
Authors: Meslé France
Published: October 2021

Jusque dans les années 1970, une épidémie de grippe faisait directement de 10000 à 20000 morts, auxquelles il faut ajouter les décès dus aux complications de la maladie. La mise au point d’un vaccin efficace, constamment remanié en fonction des mutations du virus, a permis de diviser la mortalité par dix en France comme dans les autres pays industriels en 40 ans. Ce succès a été renforcé par la diffusion gratuite du vaccin auprès des personnes âgées, particulièrement sujettes aux complications létales. Le xx e siècle a connu trois grandes pandémies, liées à des recombinaisons majeures du virus : la grippe espagnole de 1918-1919, la grippe asiatique de 1957-1958 et la grippe de Hong Kong de 1968-1969. Les jeunes enfants et les jeunes adultes en ont particulièrement souffert. C’est aussi le cas de l’épidémie de grippe A (H1N1) de 2009-2010 pour laquelle deux personnes décédées sur trois avaient moins de 65 ans mais, fort heureusement, l’épidémie s’est révélée beaucoup moins grave qu’annoncée (312 décès en France).
L’espèce humaine a-t-elle un problème de fertilité ?
Authors: Leridon Henri
Published: October 2021

La probabilité qu’une femme ayant des rapports sexuels non protégés conçoive au cours d’un cycle, appelée aussi fécondabilité, n’est en moyenne que de 20 % à 25 %. Un couple à la fertilité « normale » n’obtient une grossesse en général qu’après plusieurs mois. Ce long délai tient pour partie à une mortalité fœtale élevée, plus de la moitié des produits de conception n’aboutissant pas à une naissance vivante. La fécondabilité varie d’un couple à l’autre. Sur 100 couples décidant d’avoir un enfant, 90 obtiennent une grossesse dans les 12 mois qui suivent, mais les 10 restants, qui n’en ont pas eu, et ont une fécondabilité en moyenne plus faible, y parviennent cependant dans leur majorité dans les 12 mois suivants. Une infécondité après 12 mois n’est donc pas synonyme de stérilité comme on le laisse croire parfois. Il est possible que la fertilité ait diminué dans certaines populations occidentales en raison notamment de la baisse de la qualité du sperme. Mais elle ne devrait pas entraîner de baisse de la fécondité, le nombre effectif d’enfants d’un couple, tout au plus un léger allongement du délai nécessaire pour les concevoir.
S'y voir avant d'en être
Authors: Gautier Frédéric
Published: October 2021

Résumé Pour de nombreux candidats, la décision de se présenter au concours de gardien de la paix ne relève ni du simple hasard ni de la seule nécessité mais résulte bien plus d’un attrait réel pour le métier policier, perçu comme accordé aux aspirations individuelles, qui combinent désir de se rendre utile et goût pour l’action. Cette « vocation policière » peut alors s’analyser comme le produit de dispositions forgées dès l’enfance et l’adolescence qui rendent pensable le projet de devenir gardien de la paix. Mais, à mesure que ce projet se concrétise (premières démarches, passage éventuel par le statut d’adjoint de sécurité, présentation aux épreuves...), la vocation se consolide et impose une forme de travail sur soi qui renforce en retour les dispositions dont elle est le produit. Ainsi, avant même d’être recrutés, les candidats se reconnaissent déjà dans l’institution, se montrent tout disposés à se laisser former par elle et à faire corps avec celles et ceux qui en sont déjà membres. Pour autant, la construction de ce rapport vocationnel au poste convoité ne s’accompagne pas d’une homogénéisation totale de leurs dispositions, de leur vision du monde et de leur représentation de la police, ni, par conséquent, des modalités selon lesquelles ils sont prêts à s’engager. Elle ne peut, à ce titre, être considérée comme la garantie d’un ajustement parfait et durable au rôle.
« Ici, on est tous pareils ! »
Authors: Guenot Marion
Published: October 2021

À partir d’une enquête ethnographique menée dans les Groupes d’intervention régionaux (GIR) de la police judiciaire, rassemblant des policiers, des gendarmes, des agents des impôts, de la douane et de l’URSSAF, l’article interroge le dépassement des frontières liées à la profession, mais aussi aux corps et grades, au profit d’une cohésion de groupe. En s’intéressant aux trajectoires et aux dispositions des agents des GIR, il s’agit de saisir les conditions de l’élaboration d’un nouveau poste valorisant. En observant le quotidien de travail, l’article montre la manière dont les agents apprennent à faire bloc face à l’extérieur en s’affirmant « tous pareils ». Les agents des GIR, en ascension sociale et professionnelle, réenchantent ainsi leur quotidien et leur parcours tout en promouvant leur unité.
S'opposer ou se servir
Authors: Bargeau Adélaïde
Published: October 2021

La réforme de la garde à vue du 14 avril 2011 constitue une situation inédite de présence d’un tiers dans ce qui constituait jusque-là un huis clos policier puisqu’elle autorise la présence de l’avocat aux côtés du gardé à vue pendant l’interrogatoire policier, même si sa marge de manœuvre est juridiquement limitée. Les savoirfaire, les savoir-être et l’autonomie policiers sont désormais soumis au contrôle de ces professionnels du droit. À partir d’une enquête ethnographique dans plusieurs services de police, on observe « si » et « comment » les policiers font corps contre cette intrusion d’un tiers. S’il existe bien un discours policier de rejet des avocats, les frontières entre ces deux groupes professionnels ne sont pas pour autant figées. Elles dépendent des positions des policiers et des avocats dans leur institution respective et des usages différenciés qu’ils font de la garde à vue.
Threshold dynamics of a West Nile virus model with impulsive culling and incubation period
Authors: Han Yaxin , Bai Zhenguo
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we propose a time-delayed West Nile virus (WNv) model with impulsive culling of mosquitoes. The mathematical difficulty lies in how to choose a suitable phase space and deal with the interaction of delay and impulse. By the recent theory developed in [3], we define the basic reproduction number \begin{document}$ \mathcal {R}_0 $\end{document} as the spectral radius of a linear integraloperator and show that \begin{document}$ \mathcal {R}_0 $\end{document} acts as a threshold parameter determining the persistence of the model. More precisely, it is proved that if \begin{document}$ \mathcal {R}_0<1 $\end{document}, then the disease-free periodic solution is globally attractive, while if \begin{document}$ \mathcal {R}_0>1 $\end{document}, then the disease is uniformly persistent.Numerical simulations suggest that culling frequency and culling rate are strongly influenced by the biting rate. We also find that prolonging the length of the incubation period in mosquitoes can reduce the risk of disease spreading.
Semilattice strongly regular relations on ordered $ n $-ary semihypergroups
Authors: Daengsaen Jukkrit ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Leeratanavalee Sorasak ,   Research Group in Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
Published: October 2021

In this paper, we introduce the concept of $ j $-hyperfilters, for all positive integers $ 1\leq j \leq n $ and $ n \geq 2 $, on (ordered) $ n $-ary semihypergroups and establish the relationships between $ j $-hyperfilters and completely prime $ j $-hyperideals of (ordered) $ n $-ary semihypergroups. Moreover, we investigate the properties of the relation $ \mathcal{N} $, which is generated by the same principal hyperfilters, on (ordered) $ n $-ary semihypergroups. As we have known from [21] that the relation $ \mathcal{N} $ is the least semilattice congruence on semihypergroups, we illustrate by counterexample that the similar result is not necessarily true on $ n $-ary semihypergroups where $ n\geq 3 $. However, we provide a sufficient condition that makes the previous conclusion true on $ n $-ary semihypergroups and ordered $ n $-ary semihypergroups where $ n\geq 3 $. Finally, we study the decomposition of prime hyperideals and completely prime hyperideals by means of their $ \mathcal{N} $-classes. As an application of the results, a related problem posed by Tang and Davvaz in [31] is solved.
Existence of a solution of fractional differential equations using the fixed point technique in extended $ b $-metric spaces
Authors: Bota Monica-Felicia ,   Department of Mathematics, Babeș-Bolyai University, Kogǎlniceanu Street No. 1, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, Guran Liliana ,   Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, "Vasile Goldiș" Western University of Arad, L. Rebreanu Street, No. 86, 310048, Arad, Romania
Published: October 2021

The purpose of the present paper is to prove some fixed point results for cyclic-type operators in extended $ b $-metric spaces. The considered operators are generalized $ \varphi $-contractions and $ \alpha $-$ \varphi $ contractions. The last section is devoted to applications to integral type equations and nonlinear fractional differential equations using the Atangana-Bǎleanu fractional operator.
Unicyclic graphs with extremal exponential Randić index
Authors: Lin Qian ,   School of Mathematics, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, Zhu Yan
Published: October 2021

Recently the exponential Randić index $ {{\rm e}^{\chi}} $ was introduced. The exponential Randić index of a graph $ G $ is defined as the sum of the weights $ {{\rm e}^{{\frac {1}{\sqrt {d \left(u \right) d \left(v \right) }}}}} $ of all edges $ uv $ of $ G $, where $ d(u) $ denotes the degree of a vertex $ u $ in $ G $. In this paper, we give sharp lower and upper bounds on the exponential Randić index of unicyclic graphs.
Management of Extracted Human Teeth by Dental Students in East Coastal Region of India
Authors: Shaik Parveen Sultana , Yaddanapalli Suresh Chand , Ravoori Srinivas , Pachava Srinivas , Lodagala Asha , Pavani Nijampatnam P. M.
Published: October 2021

Background:

Dental students practice on extracted human teeth (EHT) in their preclinical to learn professional and technical skills before performing dental procedures on patients.

Aim:

The aim of the present investigation was to assess the management of EHT among dental students in the east coastal region of India.

Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on II, III, and IV Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) students from five dental colleges in India's east coastal region, which were chosen using the fishbowl technique. Data was collected using a pretested, validated self-administered questionnaire and analysed using the Chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and linear regression.

Results:

A total of 649 students participated from five dental colleges, among them, 43.6% (283) were II BDS, 29.6% (192) were III BDS, and 26.8% (174) were IV BDS. About 66% of the participants do not know that the EHT are a source of infection; 22% of them noted that there was an incidence of infection with the use of EHT; 81.5% do not know that guidelines have to be given by the regulatory body/institution to handle EHT. Only 2% of the people think it was necessary to disinfect/sterilize EHT before use, while 33% of the study population felt that there was a need to wear mouth masks and gloves while working on EHT. In the study group, only 43% know that formalin was used as a storage/disinfecting medium for EHT and 80% of them experienced hazards due to chemicals used for storage/disinfecting medium of EHT.

Conclusion:

The results of this investigation stipulated that awareness, attitude, and practices of undergraduate students in relation to the handling of EHT were poor. However, deficiencies were observed in relation to teaching the materials and methods suitable for the management of EHT which reveals the need to incorporate the guidelines in their curriculum.
Clinical comparison of febrile and afebrile patients with pyogenic liver abscess
Authors: Yu Jie , Ma Jun , Wang Hairong , Shi Yujun , He Shuangjun , Chen Yi , Tang Chao
Published: October 2021

Background:

Limited research has been conducted on afebrile pyogenic liver abscess (PLA). This poses a challenge in rapid diagnosis and early tailored care to physicians. In his study, we aimed to compare the clinical characteristics of afebrile and febrile patients with PLA.

Methods:

We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with PLA who were admitted to the emergency departments of two university hospitals between January 2014 and March 2020. Patients were classified into afebrile and febrile groups by using body temperature higher than 38°C as the reference standard. The demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of both groups were compared. The primary outcome was all-cause in-hospital mortality and length of hospital stay. Multivariate analysis was performed to define factors associated with afebrile PLA.

Results:

Of the 239 patients included in this study, 51 patients (21.3%) were afebrile and 188 patients (78.7%) were febrile. There were no differences between the abscess characteristics, laboratory manifestations, and disease severity of both groups; however, age and Charlson score differed between the groups (P = 0.009 and P = 0.011). The all-cause in-hospital mortality rate was much higher in the afebrile PLA group than in the febrile PLA group (9.8% vs. 2.1%, P = 0.011). Regarding the length of stay, no significant differences were noted in the febrile PLA group compared with the afebrile PLA group (18.5% vs 17.3%, P = 0.514). In multivariate analyses, only age greater than 65 years was significantly associated with afebrile PLA.

Conclusions:

Afebrile patients with PLA tend to be older, have higher Charlson scores, and in-hospital mortality rate than those with febrile patients. PLA patients older than 65 years are more likely to present without fever (<38°C) at the time of the emergency visit.
Association of PTTG1 expression with invasiveness of non-functioning pituitary adenomas
Authors: Kum Su Jung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Soon Gu , Park Hyungsik , Hwang Ilseon , Kim Sang Pyo
Published: October 2021

Background: Pituitary tumor transforming gene 1 (PTTG1), paired-like homeodomain 2 (PITX2), and galectin-3 have been widely studied as predictive biomarkers for various tumors and are involved in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We evaluated the usefulness of PTTG1, PITX2, and galectin-3 as predictive biomarkers for invasive non-functioning pituitary adenomas (NFPAs) by determining the relationship between the expressions of these three proteins and the invasiveness of the NFPAs. We also investigated whether PTTG1, E-cadherin, and Ki-67, which are known to be related to each other, show a correlation with NFPA features. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted on 87 patients with NPFAs who underwent surgical removal. The NFPAs were classified into three groups based on magnetic resonance imaging findings of suprasellar extension and cavernous sinus invasion. Immunohistochemical staining for PTTG1, PITX2, galectin-3, E-cadherin, and Ki-67 was performed on tissue microarrays. Results: PTTG1 expression showed a statistically significant correlation with the invasiveness of NFPAs, whereas PITX2 and galectin-3 did not have a relationship with the invasiveness of NFPAs. Moreover, there was no association among PTTG1, E-cadherin, and Ki-67 expression. Conclusions: PTTG1 has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for invasive NFPA. Furthermore, this study may serve as a reference for the development of PTTG1-targeted therapeutic agents.
Factors influencing the adoption of improved vegetable production practices among women farmers in Aguata-Agricultural Zone, Anambra State, Nigeria
Authors: Odoemlam L.E. , Nzeakor F.C.
Published: October 2021

The study examined the level and determinants of adoption of improved vegetable production practices in the study area. A three-stage sampling procedure was used in the selection of 160 respondents. A structured questionnaire was used for data collection. Data collected were analysed using descriptive statistics and Probit regression model. Results on adoption level of the selected improved vegetable production practices indicated that improved seeds had a grand mean of 𝑥̅ = 3.17, field preparation (𝑥̅ = 3.19), planting distance (𝑥̅ = 2.99), water management (𝑥̅ = 3.43), fertilizer/organic manure application (𝑥̅ = 3.55), pesticides (𝑥̅ = 2.57), harvesting ( 𝑥̅= 5.00) and storage procedure (𝑥̅ = 4.89) based on 5-point Likert scale adoption level. On factors influencing adoption of improved vegetable production practices, the result revealed that farm size (1.00188***), credit access (4.704902**), on-farm demonstration (2.900749**) and farm labour (1.295902***) had a positive and significant influence on improved vegetable production practices by the respondents. The result further indicated that the age (0.3135258***) and the off-farm income (0.0870768) of the farmers had a negative influence on the adoption of improved vegetable production practices. Based on these findings, the study revealed that the women farmers could have full adoption of the improved production practices if the factors are adequately addressed. The study therefore recommends that before the introduction of a new technology, the ADPs should ensure that maximum audience analysis is carried out to address some of the factors influencing adoption. Besides, introduction of new technologies to farmers should go hand-in-hand with on-farm demonstration since it is by that they would develop confidence and allay their fears associated with improved practices.
Evaluation of pH of Drilling Fluid Produced from Local Clay and Additives
Authors: Otitigbe F.E.
Published: October 2021

Maintaining the pH of drilling fluid with suitable additives is one of the important operation for efficient drilling operations.  However, commercial hydroxides are mostly used to control the pH of the drilling fluid. This paper evaluates locally sourced pH additives of burnt plantain heads (BPH), burnt ripe burnt ripe plantain peels (BRPP), and burnt banana plantain peels (BBPP) in comparison with conventional potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as suitable agents to control pH of drilling fluid. The drilling fluid as prepared with bentonite and local clay in different concentrations of KOH, NaOH, BPH, BRPP and BBRPP including Traona. The result of the study showed that pH of the drilling improved with respective use of conventional KOH, NaOH, BPH, BRPP and BBRPP as additives. In addition, KOH showed the maximum percentage of degree (%) of improvement on the drilling fluid with 38.46-45.45% compared with 27.2-40% for NaOH. On the other hand, BRPP achieved 27.2-41.2%, followed with 20-33% and 20-29.4% for BPH and BBPP respectively. Thus, the locally sourced additives could be used to enhance the pH and properties of drilling fluid.
Economic Contribution of Wildlife to Bushmeat Market in Ikire, Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Adebowale T.K. , Oduntan O.O. , Adegbenjo A.E. , Akinbode A.S.
Published: October 2021

This paper assessed the economic contribution of wildlife to bushmeat market in Ikire, Osun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaire and in-depth interview of targeted respondents. Bush meat sellers in Irewole local government area, Ikire were sampled. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, budgetary analysis and likert scale analysis. The result showed that majority of the bushmeat sellers were females (55.9%) with a mean age of 41 years. Most of the bushmeat sellers strongly agreed (4.91±0.09) that they generate more income from bushmeat trade, 4.71±0.17 equally noted that customers prefer to purchase bushmeat than convectional meat type while 1.56±0.19 disagreed that seasonal change affects customer’s preferences for bushmeat in the markets. Also, 5.00±0.0, 4.82±0.13, 4.74±0.17 respectively believes that bushmeat are more delicious, better source of protein, more of medicinal value when compared with conventional meat type. Furthermore, an average of 3.70±0.2 had cultural sentiments for the consumption of bush meat. An average net profit per respondent yielded ₦3,565.53, while BCR and profitability index are 1.95 and 0.95 respectively. Conclusively, bushmeat trading is a profitable and very lucrative enterprise.