bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respon ASEAN atas Keterlibatan Amerika Serikat di Laut Cina Selatan: Tinjauan Teori Balance of Threat
Authors: Shafitri Desy Nur , Patriani Ira , SD Hardi Alunaza
Published: May 2024

Kawasan Laut Cina Selatan telah menjadi panggung persaingan strategis yang berpotensi mengganggu stabilitas regional, mengingat ketidakseimbangan kekuatan antara negara-negara ASEAN dan Cina. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respons ASEAN terhadap dominasi Cina dalam wilayah tersebut, dengan mempertimbangkan peran yang dimainkan oleh Amerika Serikat. Penulis mengadopsi kerangka teoretis Balance of Threat yang dikemukakan oleh Stephen M. Walt untuk menjelaskan bagaimana ASEAN merespons dominasi Cina dengan tujuan mempertahankan keseimbangan kekuatan dan stabilitas regional. Penelitian ini mengadopsi pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan, termasuk analisis berbagai sumber seperti jurnal, buku, dokumen resmi, dan tesis. Selain itu, kami juga melakukan wawancara dengan pengamat hubungan internasional untuk mendapatkan perspektif yang lebih dalam. Hasil penelitian ini menggambarkan bagaimana Amerika Serikat berpartisipasi di kawasan Laut Cina Selatan serta mengungkapkan respons ASEAN terhadap ancaman yang timbul akibat dominasi Cina di wilayah tersebut, dengan fokus pada upaya menjaga stabilitas kawasan yang diperlukan dalam konteks geopolitik yang kompleks.
The semiotic phenomenology of inverse alteroception
Authors: Pelkey Jamin
Published: May 2024

Alteroception is the virtual experience of another person’s bodily movement centered in the perspective of the other person. In face-to-face interactions, human beings tend to assume a special mode of alteroception by mutually but tacitly recognizing that ‘your right is on my left and your left is on my right’. Researchers of neonatal cognition and early childhood development describe this mode of alteroception as “reverse” or “inverted”. Inverse alteroception goes beyond mirror-image mimesis to chiastic (crisscrossing) mimesis in acts of intersubjective sense-making; but the cognitive and cultural affordances of this inverse reciprocal ability are largely untreated in the literature. I argue that this unique aspect of human phenomenology deserves closer attention since it enables a broader palette of diagrammatic contrasts that extend far beyond face-to-face interaction. In this paper, I apply insights from Peircean and Greimasian semiotics to argue that salient features of the human lifeworld originate from imaginative mappings of inverse alteroception onto other domains. From diagrams of gesture space and contemporary visual design to the structures of the Proscenium stage, from historic heraldry to Aristotle’s logical square of oppositions and beyond, many visual/spatial designs and their reciprocal interaction with human experience are linked to this ability – an ability that owes its origins, in turn, to the evolution of upright posture.
Using a reverse life plot for estimating fatigue endurance/limit
Authors: Kujawski Daniel , Vasudevan Asuri K. , Plano Stefano , Gabellone Davide
Published: May 2024

This short review paper describes the use of a reverse life plot, σ

a
versus 1/N

f
, for estimating a fatigue endurance/limit, σ
FL. The method is applicable for different alloy-environment systems and load R-ratios. Due to inherent scatter in the fatigue data approaching fatigue limit, a ‘staircase’ method is often utilized that requires relatively large number of specimens (around 15–30) to be tested just for fatigue endurance/limit determination alone. The proposed method uses only high-cycle-fatigue (HCF) S-N data. The estimated fatigue endurance/limit is verified against the data from staircase method for 7000 Al alloy in air and corrosive 0.5 % NaCl solution environment. The comparison with the staircase method shows fairly good agreement. An additional example shows how this method estimates endurance limits for 4140 steels tested in three environments: dry air, air with 93 % RH, and aerated 3 % NaCl solution.
Impact of thermosonication treatment on passion fruit juice: ANN/GA optimization, predictive modelling for shelf life and quality changes during storage
Authors: Chutia Hemanta , Begum Fogila , Rohilla Shubham , Mahanta Charu Lata
Published: May 2024

Optimized sugar-added passion fruit juice (OPFJ) was obtained after optimization of thermosonication treatments of passion fruit juice using hybrid Artificial neural network/Genetic algorithm. The quality parameters and shelf life of OPFJ stored at various temperatures were assessed. Baranyi and Ratkowsky’s square-root models proved the prediction accuracy of the theoretical model concerning the microbial population during storage. The lag phase value decreased with increasing storage temperature. Temperature rise from 8 to 25 °C decreased the shelf life from 17 to 8 days for OPFJ and 3.5 to 1.5 days for untreated juice. The activation energy and increase in the reaction rate on increase in temperature by 10 °C (Q
10 value) were also evaluated. Thermosonication increased the phenolic and β-carotene contents and maintained the pH, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, and antioxidant activity during storage. Thermosonication enhanced the quality and shelf life of juice. Predictive modelling effectively predicted the shelf life.
CFD analysis of paraffin-based hybrid (Co–Au) and trihybrid (Co–Au–ZrO2) nanofluid flow through a porous medium
Authors: Yang Dezhi , Ahmad Sohail , Ali Kashif , Algarni Salem , Alqahtani Talal , Jamshed Wasim , Hussain Syed M. , Irshad Kashif , Ahmad Hijaz
Published: May 2024

Ternary hybrid nanofluids possess improved thermal characteristics, enhanced stability, better physical strength, and multi-functionality as compared to hybrid or usual nanofluids. The aim of the ongoing study is to explore the novel thermal attributes of hybrid and trihybrid nanofluids through a porous medium. Whereas the nano-composition of cobalt (Co), gold (Au), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) make amalgamation in the paraffin (Pfin) which is a base fluid. This nano-composition of the proposed nanoparticles, specifically, subject to the base fluid Pfin has not been interpreted before. The analysis not only covers the features of trihybrid nanofluids (Co–Au–ZrO2–Pfin) but it also describes the characteristics of hybrid (Co–Au–Pfin) as well as pure nanofluids (Co–Pfin). An efficient numerical algorithm is developed for which the numerical simulations are carried out. The approximations are performed in MATLAB software using “Successive under Relaxation (SUR)” technique. A comparison, under certain limiting conditions, with the established results appraises the efficiency of the numerical code. The outcomes evidently designate that temperature raises with the change in thermal radiation and volume fraction of gold and zirconium oxide in either case of pure, hybrid, or ternary nanofluids. The concentration

ϕ

3

{\phi }_{3}

of ZrO2 has a significant impact on Nusselt number rather than the concentration

ϕ

1

{\phi }_{1}

of cobalt and

ϕ

2

{\phi }_{2}

of gold. It has been comparatively noticed that the ternary nanofluids (Co–Au–ZrO2–Pfin) portray embellished and improvised thermal characteristics as compared to the other two cases.
Race and Whiteness in the Research Literature on Diversity Courses, 2000–2022
Authors: Espiritu Gabriel Lê
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the literature on diversity courses in institutions of higher education to assess how scholars have conceptualized and studied diversity courses, with particular attention to the normative and unmarked nature of whiteness in these works. A review of fifty-seven journal articles and book chapters, published between 2000 and 2022, reveals that more researchers conceptualize diversity courses as multicultural education than as social justice education, with nonrequired diversity courses much more likely than required diversity courses to frame diversity with an anti-racist lens. One of the key findings of this study is the near absence of studies on the content of diversity courses, which makes it difficult to discern whether and how existing courses conceptualize diversity education. The review also reveals that research on diversity education is based largely on the experiences of white students, with researchers seldom prioritizing or even including the experiences of Students of Color in their studies. The findings are clear that most researchers conceptualize diversity courses as an unstated public good for white students rather than an educational right that Students of Color have consistently demanded. This literature review calls attention to the importance of connecting demographic diversity and epistemological diversity—to value, promote, and reward not only representational diversity but also diversity of knowledge.
A systematic review of subclinical hyperthyroidism guidelines: a remarkable range of recommendations
Authors: Ursem Stan R , Boelen Anita , Bruinstroop Eveline , Elders Petra J M , Gussekloo Jacobijn , Poortvliet Rosalinde K E , Heijboer Annemieke C , den Elzen Wendy P J
Published: May 2024

Background

Subclinical thyroid diseases are often the subject of debate concerning their clinical significance, the appropriateness of diagnostic testing, and possible treatment. This systematic review addresses the variation in international guidelines for subclinical hyperthyroidism, focusing on diagnostic workup, treatment, and follow-up recommendations.

Methods

Following the PRISMA guidelines, we searched PubMed, Embase, and guideline-specific databases and included clinical practice guidelines with recommendations on subclinical hyperthyroidism. Guideline recommendations were extracted, and quality assessment was performed using selected questions of the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation (AGREE) II instrument.

Results

Of the 2624 records screened, 22 guidelines were included, which were published between 2007 and 2021. Guideline quality was generally intermediate to low. Diagnostic approaches differed substantially, particularly in the extent of recommended testing. Treatment initiation depended on TSH levels, age, and comorbidities, but the level of detail regarding defining precise comorbidities varied. Recommendations for monitoring intervals for follow-up ranged from 3 to 12 months.

Conclusion

This review underscores the existing variability in (inter)national guidelines concerning subclinical hyperthyroidism. There isa need for clear recommendations in guidelines considering diagnostic workup, treatment, and follow-up of subclinical hyperthyroidism. In order to establish this, future research should focus on determining clear and evidence-based intervention thresholds.
Asociación entre las actividades de la vida diaria y la percepción del estado de salud en personas con discapacidad
Authors: Mendoza Muñoz Ricardo Alonso
Published: May 2024

El objetivo de este artículo es determinar la asociación entre las limitaciones de las actividades de la vida diaria y la percepción del estado de salud en personas con discapacidad, reportados en la Encuesta Nacional de Demografía y Salud (ENDS) año 2015. El diseño del estudio es transversal analítico retrospectivo. Se usaron los microdatos de la encuesta ENDS y el cuestionario hogar que se aplicaba a personas con discapacidad. La variable de edad tiene un coeficiente negativo que indica que por cada año que pase aumenta hasta diez veces la probabilidad de tener una mala percepción del estado de salud. Las personas que tienen dificultad para ver de cerca, de lejos o alrededor tienen un 64 % más de probabilidad de tener una mala percepción de su salud. Existe una asociación significativa entre el grado de realización de las AVD con la percepción del estado de salud. Al tener deficiencia o limitación, esto hace que influya negativamente en la autoevaluación de su salud.
Fatores transculturais na carreira esportiva do atleta de futsal
Authors: Soares Ben Hur , Pasqualotti Adriano , Nodari Junior Rudy José
Published: May 2024

A carreira atlética é compreendida pela transição do desenvolvimento ao encerramento da carreira esportiva. Com o objetivo de pesquisar o tempo de vida competitiva do atleta de futsal em sua carreira esportiva, utilizou-se a metodologia quantitativa e o desenho metodológico, exploratório e retrospectivo. Participaram 217 ex-atletas do futsal masculino, com idade média de 39,1 anos (± 9,0 anos). Foi utilizado um questionário sobre a transição da carreira esportiva à aposentadoria. A prática na rua foi indicada como o maior ponto de origem de carreira, e o início dos treinamentos ocorre em média aos 9,41 anos (± 3,8 anos), a primeira remuneração como atleta aos 17,1 anos (± 2,5 anos), e o final da carreira aos 33,6 anos (± 6,4 anos), e a distância da família é o que mais os prejudicou. Entende-se, que a carreira esportiva voltada ao futsal começa e se encerra de forma precoce, antes mesmo do indivíduo completar 50% de sua estimativa de vida.
DO ADR AND EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES FIT LIKE A HAND AND GLOVE? ADR IN INDIVIDUAL EMPLOYMENT DISPUTES
Authors: Nalbant Mustafa
Published: May 2024

There is a growing focus on resolving disputes through Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) methods in the world. This article explores ADR’s role in settling employment-related disputes. It highlights the distinctive characteristics (sui generis) of employment disputes with a particular focus on the power imbalance between parties and examines how ADR aligns with that of employment disputes. It considers the advantages and disadvantages of employing ADR within the realm of employment law by looking from the perspectives of both employers and employees.

The article reveals that the advantages and disadvantages of ADR are interconnected. Furthermore, a single advantage might also come with a disadvantage. These drawbacks mainly rely on the potential power imbalance. However, most disputes inherently involve some degree of power imbalance, and because of mere power imbalance, completely disregarding ADR methods would not be reasonable unless parties are unable to seek their rights in courts or tribunals after attempting ADR.
Fixed time competing risk model
Authors: Jakaitienė Audronė
Published: May 2024

The competing risks under multinomial regression logit model is analyzed. The algorithms and software are made for this model in order to get estimation of parameters. Calculations are made using data of Cardiology Institute about health of 45-60 years old men, which were collected from 1972 till 1977.
Cluster analysis of household income and expenditure
Authors: Krikštolaitis Ričardas , Binkauskienė Gražina
Published: May 2024

Household income and expenditure under cluster analysis is analyzed. Calculation are made usind data of Lithuanian Department of Statistics, which were collected questioning people at se­cond quarter of 1999 year.
Mathematical modeling of the military operation
Authors: Pincevičius Albertas , Rakauskas Rimantas-Jonas , Misevičius Gintautas
Published: May 2024

The aim of this paper is show how the systems of differential equations may be applied both to describe the battle actions between the regular army and the partisans. We adapted the theory to the real situation of the battle actions.
Limit distribution for the k-th maxima of nonindentically distributed random variables
Authors: Jokimaitis Arvydas
Published: May 2024

In this paper the limit distribution for k-th maxima of independent nonidentically distributed random variables is obtained.
Fitting parametrical models to Lithuanian cause – specific mortality data
Authors: Senkuvienė Rasa
Published: May 2024

There is not abstract.
Physical disabilities due to leprosy: Epidemiological Profile of patients in the Belém Metropolitan Region, 2014-2017
Authors: Silva Dias Rodrigo da , Fróes Alan Vasconcelos , da Silva Rodrigo Lemos
Published: May 2024

Hansen’s disease is one of the oldest diseases in mankind, characterized as an infectious, chronic, granulomatous disease caused by Mycobacterium leprae (M. leprae). The objective of this article was to describe the epidemiological profile of physical disability cases due to Hansen’s disease in Pará-Brazil. All cases of Hansen’s disease evaluated in relation to the occurrence of physical incapacity were reported in the metropolitan area registered in the SUS electronic database (DATASUS). Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the patients who were physically incapacitated in the region and in the period studied, are mostly men, aged between 15 and 49years, mainly living in the municipalities of Ananindeua and Belém. Dimorphic and Vischorwiana were the most frequent, being classified as multibacillary. In addition, the male gender, age greater than 60years and the multibacillary clinical form. The large number of physical disabilities found in grade II suggests passivity of health services, resulting in late diagnosis. This situation points to the need to intensify control measures, decentralizing them, reinforcing the role of primary care, promoting popular awareness and health professionals training.
The last aid course for kids and teens from 8-14 years preliminary results from the first pilot test
Authors: G Bollig , K Mainzer , H Fiedler , R Pothmann
Published: May 2024

In order to empower citizens to care for seriously ill and dying people at home Last Aid Courses have been started in Norway, Germany and Denmark in 2014/2015. The main aims of the Last Aid movement are to raise citizen’s awareness and knowledge of Palliative Care and to empower them to care for seriously ill and dying people at home. As children do often have contact with seriously ill and dying people in their families a Last Aid Course for children aged 8-14 years was established. The first pilot course has shown that the children appreciate the Last Aid Course concept and suggests that children want to talk open about death and dying. Scientific evaluation should be an integrated part of the further work and implementation of Last Aid Courses for children and teenagers in different countries
A case study: highlighting the importance of multidisciplinary working in palliative care for a patient with psychological trauma
Authors: Majeed Sheraz , Bartlam Karen
Published: May 2024

This case report illustrates how fundamental and powerful a true multi-disciplinary team (MDT) approach towards palliative care can be. The patient, an 88 year old lady, was transferred to the in-patient unit (IPU) from hospital having been diagnosed only 3 weeks earlier with the very poor prognosis of B-cell lymphoma with large mediastinal mass. Unfortunately this patient had a complex psychiatric history, which had resulted in a mistrust of healthcare professionals generally.Using an holistic approach, her needs and goals were identified and incorporated into her care planning. By having very open, honest advanced care planning discussions, which until admission had been avoided due to concerns of provoking a severe anxiety episode, the fears of death and dying that she carried could be demystified.Counselling and psychological support played an important role, as did the supportive and caring environment within the hospice more generally. She commented that this allowed her to feel nurtured, and the calmest and happiest she had been in her life. Thus, this holistic MDT approach had enabled her to “live” a better life even as she was dying. This case study looks in more detail about the ways in which this remarkable outcome was achieved.
Behaviour of native birds and analysis of vocalizations, in a small reforested urban space near downtown Goiânia, Goiás state, Brazil
Authors: Freitas Ellen F , Ball Edward , Fernandes Fernando F , M. Ferreira Deuslene , Trevisan Luciano
Published: May 2024

Due to habitat loss, several bird species that are dependent on forest environments seek refuge in green spaces within cities. The objective this study was to verify if the afforestation with autochthonous fruit trees of a small urban space could provide enough resources as food, shelter, and substrate for nesting of autochthonous bird species. Between June 2020-May 2021, during the covid-19 pandemic we observed the activity of bird species that visited a small forested urban space in Goiânia, Brazil. We recorded the behavioural activities of the birds using the focal animal technique, recordings of vocalizations and photographic and video recordings. About thirty species of birds were seen visiting our small urban wooded space. The most conspicuous species were the Amazonian Motmot, Picazuro Pigeon, Ferruginous Pygmy-Owl, Rufous-Browed Peppershrike, Rufous-bellied Thrush, Yellow-chevroned Parakeet, Great Kiskadee, Blue and Yellow Macaws, and the Common Potoo. All these species rested, vocalized and took refuge in the small urban wooded space. We also observed some species that nested, and many others that fed on tree fruits, insects and earthworms. We verified the presence of Amazonian Motmots (Momotus momota) adapted to this environment when we saw adult and juvenile Motmots and found an active nest. We also verified the reproductive adaptation of the Picazuro Pigeon (Patagioenas picazuro) observing the courtship and mating behaviour and found an occupied nest, which corroborates with the reproductive adaptation of the Picazuro Pigeon. We emphasize that native fruit trees are a fundamental part of urban environments, as they guarantee food for frugivorous birds, whereas mature leafy trees provide conditions for nesting and allow birds to congregate and communicate.
An additional record of hematophagy by the Yellow-headed Caracara Daptrius chimachima on a domestic horse from Venezuela
Authors: Verea Carlos
Published: May 2024

Hematophagy is a practice in which animal organisms feed on blood. Among birds, few species are known to practice it, including rapacious birds such as Caracaras. Here, an hematophagy event by a Yellow-headed Caracara on a wounded domestic horse from northern Venezuela is described, taking notes about the visit frequency, number of visitors, the horse’s interaction with the caracara, the blood consumption type (direct, indirect), and hematophagy tactics (active or passive). Over six continuous days, once a day, a Yellow-headed Caracara arrived on the back of a wounded domestic horse between 08:00–10:00 h and perched without any negative response from the quadruped. After arriving, the bird remained motionless for a few minutes and then approached the open wound. After sucking blood for about 4–7 minutes, the bird of prey inspected the rest of the animal for ectoparasites and then it left the area for the rest of the day. Once, an adult and a juvenile Yellow-headed Caracaras visited the horse to feed on blood together. This is the first report of hematophagy for the Yellow-headed Caracara in Venezuela. My observations suggest that the Yellow-crested Caracara is a passive hematophagous bird, and direct hematophagy in this species occurs because its opportunistic behavior is stimulated by wounds made accidentally or by other active hematophagous animals such as Vampire Bats.
Sustainability of Theobroma cacao L. production systems in the municipality of Algeciras, Huila, Colombia
Authors: Cerón Endo Alexandra , Rojas Basto Laura Constanza
Published: May 2024

This research study evaluated the sustainability of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) production systems in the municipality of Algeciras, Huila, under two production models, organic and conventional. The research was carried out with farmers from the Algeciras Producers' Association APROCALG. With the information obtained in the interviews, a group of indicators was designed, classified in three dimensions: ecological, economic and social, in order to identify the sustainability of the production systems from an integral vision. The results showed that both production systems have similarities, since the cultural practices carried out by the farmers are the same; however, the difference is determined by the use of synthetic fertilizers and, in some cases, the use of insecticides to control pests and diseases present in the agroforestry system.
Ophthalmic Zika virus disease: ocular findings in two Costa Rican newborns with microcephaly render a new insight of the illness
Authors: Valerin Lezama Luana , Arguello Cruz Leslie , Cañada Pérez Anabel , Broseta Giménez Andrea
Published: May 2024

Zika virus infection is a vectorial tropical illness which has only recently been reported in Costa Rica. Inoculation by this flavivirus can cause a mild fever and rash in the general population. However, when contracted by pregnant women it may result in severe brain abnormalities and cognitive impairment of the newborn. We present the first two reported cases of combined microcephaly with retinopathy presumably due to this congenital viral infection. The ocular findings in both infants consisted in extensive chorioretinal atrophy and pigmented mottling throughout the macula. Despite both newborn turning in a positive result for Zika virus, only one of the mothers reported flu-like symptoms during pregnancy. We must consider the great threat this disease may pose on our health system since it generates a profound disability in the infant and will be therefore associated with long-term healthcare costs.
Assessment of pre-operative investigation cost and associated factor on surgical patients at Gondar university hospital, Gondar, Ethiopia, 2019
Authors: Mollalign Mamaru
Published: May 2024

Background: Pre-operative investigations are performed before any surgical intervention under anesthesia. Many are considered as routine. However, there are no clear guidelines regarding these in Gondar University general comprehensive specialized hospital. We aimed to investigate the relevance of the laboratory investigations ordered routinely and their cost implications and associated factor compared with the National Institute of Clinical Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Methods: Institutional based cross-sectional study was carried out at University of Gondar general comprehensive specialized hospital. A total of 300 patients scheduled for elective surgical procedures included in this study. Neither the surgeons nor anesthetists involved were aware of the study. The laboratory investigations of the patients who underwent surgery were noted and the prescriber and site of the investigation done was also noted. All values were categorized as normal or abnormal and they were assessed as indicated or unindicated based on NICE guidelines. Results: A total of 688 laboratory tests and 172 instrumental tests were done. Out of 688 laboratory tests 639 was indicated as per NICE guideline and 49 was unindicated; from those investigations 600 was ordered by surgical teams and the rest 88 was ordered by anesthetists. And from 172 instrumental tests 152 was indicated as per NICE guideline 20 was unindicated, out of those instrumental tests 140 was ordered by surgical team and the rest 12 was ordered by anesthetists. In instrumental tests chest X- ray and ECG accounts the majority (82.89%). The additional cost incurred towards unindicated tests was 13.89% of the total cost for the tests. Conclusion: Pre‑operative laboratory investigations add to cost with large amount. Patient premorbid conditions and surgical grade should guide the clinician to request for the relevant laboratory tests.
Spinal anaesthesia applications in pediatric subabdominal operations
Authors: Alp Hayriye
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Spinal anesthesia is increasing in pediatric patients; 14 children of various ages who were operated for lower abdominal diseases were treated retrospectively. Cases: Intraoperative vital signs were stable. Hypotension and bradycardia were not observed generally; 0.5mg atropine was administered in only 1 patient. Heart rate and blood pressure were monitored from the monitor. The sensory dermatomal level was below thoracal 8. Postop pain, nausea, vomiting, itching, and tremor headache were not observed. Patient satisfaction and surgeon satisfaction were evaluated as very good. The patient had no tension or fear. The surgeon was not forced during the operation due to muscle spasm and the operation was successful. Intraoperative pulse, tension, mean arterial pressure, sp02 were noted; at least 73/min, 100/50.75mmhg, 97 respectively. All of the patients were discharged without complications. No serious side effects such as cardiovascular collapse, total spinal block, neurological damage, intravascular injection associated with spinal anesthesia were encountered. It is very important to use a safe, rapid-onset and effective anesthesia method in pediatric surgical procedures, where intraoperative pulmonary and cardiovascular stability is preserved and stress response is suppressed and effective postoperative analgesia is provided.
Small sensors for special surgery
Authors: Broderick Patricia A
Published: May 2024

The brain is a living miracle. There are so many tasks to be done at once, so many neurons that need to talk with each other, integrate and interact to perform perfection in one part of one synaptic or non-synaptic action and within femtoseconds. We understand that the diseased brain that is compromised need not be thought of as a damaged brain. It is simply one that needs to be and can be fixed, in fact, with brilliant technologies that are at our fingertips. We believe that the brain is an electronic and chemical device that matches in temporal and spatial synchrony our first- class small sensor for surgery trademarked, the BRODERICK PROBE® series of nanoprobes and circuits. It is said to be one of the latest extraordinary feats in the surgical world and it is named affectionately after the author’s father, Paddy Broderick, from County Clare, Ireland. Thus, we think of brain and spinal cord disease as a mismatched connection, some connection that is wrong-just not right- as the fabulous network of dendrites work as do our internet cables, in this case, insulated from the extracellular space and as these dendrites impinge on an axon at the terminal synapses, neuronal and glial decisions are made and so our tethered telemetry and fiber optic sensors soar sweetly through the milieu of cerebral matter to allow us to see, to image online and in real time and in vivo, what the brain is feeling or doing at any precise sub-second during intraoperative brain surgery. This is the true story of how the announcement of this amazing discovery is credited for repurpose. With gratitude to Medcrave, we share the original work and the intricate know-how with surgeons worldwide.
IMPACT OF QUERCETIN ON THE ORGANIC MATRIX AND BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF RAT MANDIBLE FOLLOWING ITS INCOMPLETE FRACTURE DURING CHRONIC ALCOHOL INTOXICATION
Authors:   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Nestulia K.I. , Ksonz I.V. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Makarenko V.I. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Makarenko O.V. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine, Kostenko V.O. ,   Poltava State Medical University, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

This article investigates the impact of water-soluble form of quercetin (corvitin) on the depolymerization of the organic matrix biopolymers and biomechanical properties of the rat mandible following its incomplete fracture during chronic alcohol intoxication. The study was conducted on the 14th day after inducing chronic alcohol intoxication by daily intragastric administration of a 40% ethanol solution in a daily dose of 12 ml/kg body weight; on that day the incomplete fracture of the mandible was modelled by drilling the bone to a depth of 1 mm using a carbide drill with a diameter of 1.5 mm at a speed of up to 1000 rpm. The administration of a water-soluble form of quercetin for 14 days during the posttraumatic period in a daily dose of 10 mg/kg (in recalculation for quercetin), following an incomplete mandibular fracture during chronic alcohol intoxication, significantly reduced the activity of acid phosphatase and its tartrate-resistant isoform by 35.3% and 23.1%, respectively, as well as led to a decrease in the concentration of free hydroxyproline, hexuronic and N-acetylneuraminic acids by 17.0%, 30.6%, and 43.3%, respectively, compared to the findings revealed in animals, which did not receive the drug. The Young’s modulus exceeded the values of this group by 72.3%, the elastic limit by 53.2% the tensile strength by 59.6%, and the relative elongation to failure by 30.0%. We concluded that the administration of a water-soluble form of quercetin for 14 days following an incomplete mandibular fracture during chronic alcohol intoxication improves reparative processes in the injured area; it also restricts bone resorption and the depolymerization of connective (bone) tissue biopolymers such as collagen, proteoglycans, and sialoglycoproteins. Under these conditions, the biomechanical properties of the mandibular bone in the fracture area, particularly its elasticity and strength, are significantly enhanced.
Germanium citrate improves ovarian granulosa cells viability and antioxidant defense system in aging female mice during endotoxemia
Authors:   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kondratska O.A. , Grushka N.G. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pavlovich S.I. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Meshko V.V. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Yanchii R.I. ,   Bogomoletz Institute of Physiology National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The study aimed to investigate the vitality of ovarian granulosa cells (GCs), metabolic activity of neutrophils, as well as the antioxidant system state in aging female mice subjected to experimental endotoxemia, as well as the influence of germanium (Ge) citrate on the studied parameters under these conditions. Treatment with Gramm-negative bacteria lipopolysaccharide caused pathological changes in mouse ovaries: a decrease in GCs viability by increasing necrosis, an enhancement of metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, an increase in lipid peroxidaxion products and a violation of the antioxidant defense system (as evidenced by an elevation of the content of reactive products of 2-thiobarbituric acid and a reduction of reduced glutathione in liver homogenate, as well as a decrease in the concentration of ceruloplasmin in blood serum of aging female mice). Pretreatment of mice with Ge citrate was effective to reduce GCs death and improve their viability, decrease the degree of disruption of the redox balance and weaken the activity of cells of non-specific immune protection in aging endotoxemic animals. Our results suggest that Ge citrate may offer promising therapeutic benefits. Its cytoprotective effects and regulatory role in the antioxidant defense system, combined with its potential to reduce the intensity of gram-negative bacterial toxins induced inflammation, imply its usefulness. This multifaceted action may help prevent ovarian cell aging and, consequently, improve reproductive function.
INFLUENCE OF MELATONIN ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF OBESITY AND OSTEOPOROSIS
Authors:   Bohomolets Institute of Physiology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine, Litovka I.G. , Shcherbatiuk T.G. ,   Kyiv National University of Technology and Design, Ukraine
Published: May 2024

The review of modern literature presents data on the prevalence of obesity and osteoporosis in Ukraine and the world. These diseases are associated with severe and persistent symptoms, slow recovery, and a significant negative impact on patients’ quality of life. Melatonin is a hormone with enormous biological functions. As a widely available and versatile molecule in vivo, it has powerful antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in various bone diseases, has an effect on the restoration of damaged tissues, helps to reduce the amount of visceral adipose tissue and improves eating behavior. However, the informational analysis of the problem showed that there are still many unsolved questions regarding the optimal dosage and timing of melatonin administration, as well as the study of any possible side effects during its longterm administration. At the same time, the study of the effect of melatonin on the state of the bone system in obesity can contribute to a deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of both osteopenic and metabolic syndromes for the development of new methods of treatment and prevention.
Implementing Entrustable Professional Activities in Pediatric Fellowships: Facilitating the Process
Authors: Langhan Melissa L. , Boyer Donald L. , Hsu Deborah , Moffatt Mary E. , Pitts Sarah A. , Atlas Mark P. , Aye Tandy , Chess Patricia , Curran Megan L. , Czaja Angela S. , Dammann Christiane E.L. , Fussell Jill , George Roshan P. , Herman Bruce E. , High Pamela , James Scott H. , Kamin Daniel S. , Karnik Ruchika , Kesselheim Jennifer , Lopez Michelle A. , Mahan John D. , McFadden Vanessa , McGann Kathleen A. , Mehta Jay J. , Rama Jennifer , Robinson Bradley W. , Sauer Cary , Stafford Diane E.J. , Turner David A. , Weiss Pnina , Yussman Susan M. , Schwartz Alan , Mink Richard
Published: May 2024

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) will be used for initial certification by the American Board of Pediatrics by 2028. Less than half of pediatric fellowships currently use EPAs for assessment, yet all will need to adopt them. Our objectives were to identify facilitators and barriers to the implementation of EPAs to assess pediatric fellows and to determine fellowship program directors’ (FPD) perceptions of EPAs and Milestones.

METHODS

We conducted a survey of FPDs from 15 pediatric subspecialties. EPA users were asked about their implementation of EPAs, barriers encountered, and perceptions of EPAs. Nonusers were queried about deterrents to using EPAs. Both groups were asked about potential facilitators of implementation and their perceptions of Milestones.

RESULTS

The response rate was 65% (575/883). Of these, 344 (59.8%) were EPA users and 231 (40.2%) were nonusers. Both groups indicated work burden as a barrier to implementation. Nonusers reported more barriers than users (mean [SD]: 7 [3.8] vs 5.8 [3.4], P < .001). Both groups identified training materials and premade assessment forms as facilitators to implementation. Users felt that EPAs were easier to understand than Milestones (89%) and better reflected what it meant to be a practicing subspecialty physician (90%). In contrast, nonusers felt that Milestones were easy to understand (57%) and reflected what it meant to be a practicing subspecialist (58%).

CONCLUSIONS

Implementing EPA-based assessment will require a substantial investment by FPDs, facilitated by guidance and easily accessible resources provided by multiple organizations. Perceived barriers to be addressed include FPD time constraints, a need for additional assessment tools, and outcomes data.
The mechanism of action of anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Mycko Marcin P.
Published: May 2024

CD20 is a transmembrane molecule located on the surface of a major population of cells belonging to the B lymphocyte lineage. Although the significance of this protein remains unknown, the presence of CD20 is a marker for mature circulating B cells. Monoclonal antibodies against CD20 are able to quickly and effectively eliminate circulating B lymphocytes. Four different anti-CD20 antibodies have been studied in the treatment of multiple sclerosis: rituximab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab and ublituximab. Although all these monoclonal antibodies bind to the same protein, they have different molecular and pharmacological characteristics. One of the important differences between these molecules is the degree of humanisation of their molecular structure, as well as the mechanism of B cell removal. Phase III multicentre clinical trials conducted with each of these antibodies consistently confirmed that the elimination of B cells is an effective method of slowing down the progression of multiple sclerosis. Thus, B cells are considered as main group of immune cells involved in the development and course of multiple sclerosis. Numerous in vitro and in vivo data confirm the involvement of these cells in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis, despite the lack of evidence for the presence of pathogenic autoantibodies in this disease. Nevertheless, B cells represent a mixture of cell populations with different immunomodulatory properties. Therefore, future multiple sclerosis therapies should target the pathogenic groups of B lymphocytes, rather than non-selectively eliminating the entire population of these cells.
OPERA and ORATORIO – how the world has been changed by “music”
Authors: Krzystanek Ewa , Bonek Robert
Published: May 2024

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that progresses over time, leading to disability. The condition is still incurable, but available therapies are increasingly effective. Ocrelizumab is the first anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody approved for the treatment of relapsing-remitting and primary progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. In the article, based on the results of the OPERA and ORATORIO clinical trials, their extensions, and post-hoc and meta-analyses, the evidence for long-term high effectiveness of the molecule is presented. Aspects including the control of relapses (annual relapse rate and time to relapse), delay in the occurrence of confirmed disability, probability to achieve disability improvement, need to use a wheelchair and loss of upper limb mobility, as well as radiological activity (gadolinium-enhancing lesions, new T2 lesions, brain atrophy), are assessed. An additional advantage of the OPERA studies is that almost similar results, acquired with identical protocols in a different patient populations, were achieved. Moreover, the effects of therapy did not wear off over time. Based on these findings, ocrelizumab can be regarded as a highly effective therapy in multiple sclerosis, with the highest (48%) NEDA-3 index (no evidence of disease activity) and the greatest potential for delaying the onset of confirmed disability. The presented studies also confirm the benefit of introducing the drug in multiple sclerosis therapy as early as possible.
What are the perceptions of healthy food choices? A cross-sectional study from Saudi Arabia
Authors: A. Alissa Nawal
Published: May 2024

Previous studies conducted in Saudi Arabia demonstrated dietary patterns or energy/nutrient intakes with limited information about Saudi’s perception about healthy food choices. Insights in the perceptions of healthy food choices are critical for developing targeted interventions to support Saudi population with the goal of improving healthy eating behaviors and, as a result, lowering the risk of diet-related diseases. Therefore, this study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude as well as the practice of people about healthy food choices in Saudi Arabia. The study employed a descriptive cross-sectional design with 303 participants included in the analysis. The population settings were at three primary healthcare centers in Tabuk city of Saudi Arabia. Data were collected through self-administered paper–pencil surveys to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of healthy food choices. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical software version 26. The results revealed that participants in this study performed above average in terms of their perceptions (knowledge, attitude, and practice) of healthy food choices. The major findings of this study showed that statistically significance difference was found between the place of residence in relation to the practices of healthy food choices (F 7,238 and p < 0.05). A significant association was observed between knowledge of healthy food choices and marital status. Multiple comparisons post hoc tests indicated that the married group was a significantly different group at α = 0.044. Additionally, the relationship between monthly income groups and attitudes was statistically significant, with p < 0.05. Findings of this study could assist health educators in developing appropriate programs, awareness messages, and community campaigns to improve perceptions about healthy food choices. The findings observed that considering why practicing healthy food choices that could lower the risk of diseases and promote optimal health could be a challenge.
An assessment of CSR disclosures in Polish listed companies
Authors: Węgrzyńska Małgorzata
Published: May 2024

Identifying, measuring and evaluating reporting information provided by economic entities is a challenge for its recipients. So far, scientific research has only dealt with evaluating information contained in financial statements, namely financial data. However, economic entities report non-financial information in addition to financial information. Global studies attempt to measure non-financial information, using disclosure indices. The objective of this article was to determine the relations of the information provided in the reports of the studied companies regarding corporate social responsibility (CSR) with selected financial results and to determine the degree of linguistic difficulty with statistical analysis of the studied text. The study was conducted on a selected group of 70 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange in Poland between 2013 and 2018. In total, 420 financial statements and 420 CSR reports were studied. The research employed three readability indices: the FGL index, the FOG index (three variants) and Pisarek’s index (six variants) and a statistical analysis of the text was performed. In the next study phase, a panel regression model was used to examine the relationship between non-financial information and financial information. The main conclusion that emerged from the study was that there are differences between disclosure indices and the scale of disclosure in Polish listed companies. Furthermore, in some cases, non-financial information showed a relation with financial information.
Giovanni Simon Mayr – muzyka w służbie rewolucji?
Authors:   Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu, Krzywoszyński Przemysław
Published: May 2024

The aim of the article is to present the revolutionary work of Giovanni Simon Mayr. This composer, known mainly as Donizetti’s teacher, was a leading figure in opera at the turn of the 18 th and 19 th centuries. As a witness of the French conquests and their revolutionary exports in Venice, he wrote operas on themes typical of “engaged” works. The best examples are, apart from occasional pieces, his rescue operas Lodoiska and L’amor coniugale, as well as the farce Il segreto. On the other hand, by distancing himself from active political involvement, through his pedagogical and artistic activity, the composer had a significant influence on shaping the operas beyond the Alps, which is even associated with the term “Father of 19th-century Italian Music”.