bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity & Repeatability of UTE-T2* Mapping to Tendon Extension and Contraction
Authors: Goyal Ananya , Barbieri Marco , Mazzoli Valentina , Kogan Feliks
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Tendon laxity, which may cause skeletal maltracking, can lead to pain and increased injury risk. Non-invasive measurement of tendon laxity remains a challenge but Ultrashort echo time (UTE)-T2* mapping may serve as a potential evaluation method. Goal(s): This study aims to evaluate the sensitivity and repeatability of UTE-T2* mapping to tendon laxity. Approach: We scanned the Achilles tendons of human subjects under tension and relaxation using UTE sequences. Results: T2* relaxation times seemed to decrease as tendon load increased, from plantar flexion to dorsiflexion. However, the changes observed were small and intra-subject variability with position did not show any specific trends. Impact: As the changes in T2* relaxation times were small and showed poor reproducibility, UTE-T2* mapping may not be sensitive enough to changes in tendon tensile loading and laxity.
Diffusion Tensor MRI Analysis of Hamstring Muscle Architecture Following 9-Week Eccentric Training
Authors: S Anoosha Pai , Andrews Max , Gurchiek Reed , Pincheira Patrico , Barbieri Marco , Rosenberg Jarrett , Liang Tie , Kogan Feliks , Gold Garry , Delp Scott , Mazzoli Valentina , Lichtwark Glen , Chaudhari Akshay
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To unveil the mechanism of preventative action offered by eccentric exercise regimes towards hamstring strain injuries, understanding muscle adaptations at microstructural level is crucial. Goal(s): To investigate microstructural adaptations in hamstring muscles post 9-weeks of eccentric NHE using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics like axial (AD), mean (MD), and radial (RD) diffusivities. Approach: Ten participants underwent Dixon and DTI scans pre and post 9-weeks of supervised eccentric NHE training. Results: Post intervention, significant increases in AD, MD, and RD were observed, suggesting muscle hypertrophy, exercise-induced microtrauma, structural remodelling and potential Type II muscle fiber adaptations. Impact: This study explored the ability of DTI to provide novel insights into microstructural adaptations of hamstring muscle to eccentric training. The findings highlight hypertrophy, structural remodelling, and fiber type shifts, advancing injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies through a fiber-level perspective.
Dynamic 31P MRS Reveals Delayed PCr Depletion and Muscle Fatigue in Association with Exercise Training in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Ren Jimin , Johnson Talon , Querry Ross , Shearin Staci
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a leading neurodegenerative disorder. Currently there are no medical interventions or medications to slow the progression of PD. Rehabilitation for aerobics, strength and motor control is critical to consider as it ameliorates symptoms, decrease falls, and improves quality of life. However, the metabolic mechanism of rehab is not fully understood. Goal(s): Report evidence that, upon targeted muscle exercise training, the muscle energetics is improved at cellular and molecular level. Approach: PD patients were scanned by 31P MRS before and after a 4-week progressive strengthening program. Results: Upon rehabilitation, PCr decline with exercise is slowed in parallel to delayed fatigue. Impact: The metabolic findings in the present study support the note and practice that strength-focused rehab programs can benefit patients with PD in the management of their weakness and improving quality of life.
Investigation of resting state dynamics of cerebellar functional connectivity in schizophrenia
Authors: Ramkiran Shukti , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Shah* N. Jon , Neuner* Irene
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The complex nature of schizophrenia and its unclear pathophysiology drive our research. We aim to delve into altered brain communication, especially the cerebellum, during transitions between mental states for deeper insights. Goal(s): Our goal was to investigate cerebellar communication dynamics in schizophrenia to better understand its pathophysiology. Approach: We used dynamic ICA analysis to study resting-state cerebello-cortical temporal dynamics. Results: We observed implications in the dynamics of the cerebello-frontal and cerebello-occipital connections potentially indicative of higher social sensitivity and deficits in cognitive inhibition, and highlighting the role of the cerebellum as modulator between different brain circuits. Impact: The identification of resting state temporal dynamic changes in cerebello-frontal and cerebello-occipital circuits in schizophrenia provides crucial pathophysiological insights, inspiring further research on the role of the cerebellum as a brain circuit modulator, promising advancements in treatment strategies and outcomes.
Neurochemical Correlates of PTSD Severity: Insights from ACC and Hippocampal Metabolite Analysis
Authors: Nossa Gianna , Susnjar Antonia , Isaac-Lam Meden , Dydak Ulrike
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Neurochemical alterations in PTSD are well-researched across various brain regions, yet understanding their connection to symptoms remains unexplored. Goal(s): Our aim was to determine the association between the neurochemical profile and emotional/cognitive symptoms in diagnosed PTSD individuals and healthy controls. Approach: Participants underwent an MRS scan and CNS Vital Signs survey. Correlations between metabolites and survey scores were examined. Results: We found significant differences across several PTSD symptoms, for which the severity correlated with metabolite levels alterations in the ACC and hippocampus. Impact: By understanding correlation between neurochemical alternations and clinical symptom severity, this study provides valuable insights into the pathways of PTSD. It paves the way for innovative approaches in managing neurological disorders.
Graph theory-based analysis reveals neural anatomical network alterations in chronic PTSD in World Trade Center responders
Authors: Huang Chuan , Hagan Thomas , Kritikos Minos , Suite Daniel , Zhao Tianyun , Carr Melissa , Meija-Santiago Stephanie , Invernizzi Azzurra , Horton Megan , Lucchini Roberto , Bromet Evelyn , Kotov Roman , Clouston Sean , Luft Benjamin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To uncover the neuropathological changes that influence the persistence and progression of symptoms in individuals with chronic Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), particularly among World Trade Center (WTC) responders. Goal(s): The goal is to identify and characterize the neuroanatomical differences associated with chronic PTSD in World Trade Center responders using diffusion tensor neuroimaging and graph theory techniques. Approach: employing graph theory to examine network alterations using brain diffusion images. Results: The results of the study indicated significant differences in the neuroanatomical distances between white matter nodes—measured by weighted characteristic path lengths (CPL)—in World Trade Center responders with chronic PTSD compared to those without PTSD. Impact: The impact of this study lies in advancing the understanding of PTSD as a disorder with anatomical basis. The association of increased characteristic path lengths with PTSD suggests that the disorder might involve diminished efficiency in the brain's communication networks.
Common and distinct volumetric alterations of hypothalamic subunits between female patients with anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
Authors: Hu Xinyue , Wang Yidan , Zhang Lianqing , Wang Yu , Zhang Lan , Gong Qiyong , Huang Xiaoqi
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The structural alterations of hypothalamic subunits involved in the pathophysiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) remain undetermined. Goal(s): To investigate the common and distinct alterations in the volumes and structural covariance networks (SCN) of hypothalamic subunits between AN and BN. Approach: The MRI data were subsegmented and underwent multistage quality control using FreeSurfer, in conjunction with MANCOVA and graph theory analysis. Results: Larger volumes in the right a-iHyp were found in BN, smaller volumes in the left infTub and right supTub were found in AN, compared to HCs. Global efficacy and characteristic path length altered in AN relative to BN. Impact: We depict distinct alterations of hypothalamic subunits involved in the pathophysiology of AN and BN. These findings provide novel insight into the role of the hypothalamus in both AN and BN.
A study of quantitative susceptibility mapping on cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with insomnia
Authors: Xiong Ruifang , Zhu Hanting , Li Chengyi , Hu Pengxin , Zou Yu , Tang Xiaoping
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Abnormalities in cerebral oxygen metabolism can occur in many brain disorders. Cerebral venous oxygen saturation (CSVO2) allows the assessment of cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with insomnia and thus indirectly reflects brain function. Goal(s): This study aimed to explore alterations in cerebral oxygen metabolism in patients with insomnia. Approach: CSVO2 in patients with insomnia and healthy controls was measured by 3D-slicer on quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS. Results: Cerebral oxygen metabolism was lower in insomnia patients than in healthy controls, which was associated with sleep efficiency, R-phase share, and total sleep time. Impact: Our study shows the impact of insomnia on cerebral oxygen metabolism and the ability to assess cerebral function noninvasively by QSM, which is useful in prompting early clinical intervention.
Enhancing Real-Time Cardiac MRI with Image-Domain Diffusion Model for Arrhythmia Patient
Authors: Dong Jessie , Chan Trevor , Han Yuchi , Witschey Walter
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Persistent premature ventricular obscure left ventricle (LV) function assessment. Current imaging lacks temporal resolution and methods for effective differentiation of beat morphologies. Goal(s): To enhance real-time MRI scans of arrhythmia patients, targeting high temporal resolution for discerning arrhythmia beats. Approach: We trained an image-domain diffusion model on a public database, optimizing transferability to arrhythmia scans. The model employs prior images during the reverse sampling to impose image-domain constraints. Results: Achieved a 62% increase in LV signal-to-noise ratio and a 150% increase in LV-to-myocardium contrast-to-noise ratio across 10 real-time scans. Also facilitated direct beat morphology analysis, paving the way for PVC-induced cardiomyopathy studies. Impact: The trajectory-agnostic diffusion model offers clinicians and patients clearer visualization of real-time arrhythmia scans, potentially assisting the early detection and study of PVC-induced cardiomyopathies. Future research may explore its applicability to other rapid-cycle cardiac phenomena.
Generating missing M0 in ADNI ASL dataset with latent diffusion models
Authors: Shou Qinyang , Chen Nan-kuei , Kim Hosung , Wang Danny
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) ASL dataset acquired on Siemens scanners missed M0 images, which prevents CBF quantification for further analysis. Goal(s): Our goal is to generate the missing M0 for the ADNI ASL dataset using latent diffusion model (LDM). Approach: A separate training dataset was acquired with the ADNI ASL protocol but with manually disabled background suppression to be used as the M0. A conditional LDM was trained to use acquired control images as the condition to generate M0 images. Results: The generated M0 with the conditional LDM shows a high fidelity compared to the experimentally acquired M0. Impact: With generated M0 images, more than 500 ADNI ASL datasets can be further analyzed for CBF to investigate AD progression.
Cardiac Cine MRI Super-Resolution based on Diffusion Models
Authors: Liao Hanxi , Liu Chun , Hu Peng , Qi Haikun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cardiac cine MRI requires multiple breath-holds to cover the left ventricle. Acquiring images of small matrix size effectively reduces acquisition time but causes a loss of spatial details. Goal(s): To further research on the application of diffusion models in accelerating Cardiac cine MRI. Approach: A diffusion model was constructed to achieve super-resolution of cardiac cine MRI to restore lost details in low-resolution images. Results: The proposed diffusion model based super-resolution method can recover high-frequency details for cardiac cine MRI and outperformed the state-of-the-art generative adversarial super-resolution network. Impact: The proposed method yielding good-quality cardiac cine images from low-resolution images helps to accelerate cardiac cine MRI and could be potentially applied to achieve high spatial-temporal real-time cardiac MRI.
Multi-Slice-Aware Denoising Model for 7T MR Angiography
Authors: Yun SoJin , You Sung-Hye , Kim Jeewon , Kim Byungjun , Seo Hyunseok
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Noise in 7T MRA images can make it challenging to diagnose vascular diseases, and conventional denoisers tend to over-smooth in a way that blur entire image or does not preserve vascular information. Goal(s): Our goal was to reduce noise in 7T MRA images while maintaining vascular information using deep learning method. Approach: We devised an unsupervised denoising model using multiple slice information and cycleGAN-based neural networks. Results: Our approach not only suppressed noise in 7T MRA images, but it also successfully preserved vessel information among the compared models. Impact: We developed a denoising method in 7T MRA images while preserving vascular information. Clinically, our findings will help diagnose vascular-related diseases. High SNR is preserved by averaging adjacent slices, and we contribute to increase usability of 7T MRI.
Quantitative MRI with Automated Histogram Analysis Based on Self-Supervised Learning of Organ Segmentation: Demonstration for Liver T1 Mapping
Authors: Umapathy Lavanya , Luthra Prerna , Chen Jingjia , Sodickson Daniel , Feng Li
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Extensive recent work has been devoted to quantitative MRI, but practical implementation of quantitative parameter mapping is hindered by the lack of tools for easy visualization and automated analysis. Goal(s): We demonstrate the applicability of a self-supervised contrastive pretraining framework for organ segmentation in automated analysis of free-breathing 3D liver T1 mapping. Approach: A DL model is pretrained to learn T1 contrast information from multi-contrast images acquired for T1 parameter mapping. Results: With few labeled examples, an organ segmentation framework was developed, and its utility in interpreting parameter maps was demonstrated. Impact: Multi-contrast information from images typically acquired for parameter estimation in quantitative MRI can be leveraged to pretrain organ segmentation models with self-supervision, enabling automated analysis of quantitative parameter maps.
Early reverse remodeling of left heart morphology and function evaluated by cardiac magnetic resonance in HOCM afterTA-BSM
Authors: Zhao Yun , Li Chenhe , Huang Lu , Xia Liming
Published: November 2024

Motivation: The assessment of early morphology and functional reverse remodeling of the heart is significant for HOCM patient prognosis. Goal(s): This study aimed to evaluate the early cardiac morphology and function in HOCM after transapical beating-heart septal myectomy (TA-BSM) using CMR. Approach: 41 HOCM patients who underwent CMR before after TA-BSM were prospectively enrolled in the study. Preoperative and postoperative cardiac morphological and functional parameters were compared. Results: LVEF, wall thickness, LVMI, and LVRI decreased after TA-BSM. The △LVOTG and baseline LVMI were independently associated with greater left ventricular mass regression. Impact: Surgery relieves the mechanical stress overload of the left ventricle (LV) and greatly improves the LV hyperdynamic state. It is essential to evaluate left heart morphology and function accurately after TA-BSM.
Microstructural assessment of myocardial non-compaction by cardiac diffusion tensor imaging
Authors: Gotschy Alexander , Schlenker Rabea , Kozerke Sebastian , Manka Robert , Stoeck Christian
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy (LVNC) is characterized by the presence of excessive trabeculation in the left ventricle. Goal(s): To characterize the myocardial microstructure of LVNC patients in comparison to healthy controls using cardiac Diffusion Tensor Imaging (cDTI). Approach: Second order motion compensated spin echo cardiac DTI was acquired in six LVNC patients and six healthy controls. Myocyte aggregate orientation is characterized by helix angle and relative percentage of right handed helical orientated myocytes. Results: In the compacted myocardium, LVNC patients exhibited lower endocardial helix angles and a loss of the endocardial right handed helix when compared to controls. Impact: Our findings indicate that in LVNC patients, a portion of the endocardial helix is dissolved into the non-compacted myocardium, which may impair optimal myocardial contraction in the affected segments as well as apical rotation as observed in LVNC patients.
The diagnostic value of myocardial diffusion combined with T1mapping、ECV in the evaluation of myocardial salvage in acute myocardial infarction
Authors: Ruan Xiaowei , Wang Fang , Yue Xiuzheng , Tang Lusong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Cardiac MRI with diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) non-invasively characterizes myocardial infarction, potentially identifying salvageable 'gray zone' areas without contrast agents. Goal(s): This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic value of DWI combined with T1 mapping, ECV, and LGE in assessing viable myocardium in acute MI patients. Approach: By comparing ADC values across infarcted, peri-infarct, and healthy myocardium, significant ADC discrepancies highlighted the viability of the 'gray zone.'Results: These findings could influence treatment strategies to recover endangered myocardium, enhancing clinical outcomes in acute myocardial infarction scenarios. Impact: Investigating the 'gray zone' through CMR DWI sequences and ADC value changes, this study advances our understanding of myocardial viability in acute MI, potentially guiding interventions to salvage myocardium and improve patient outcomes in acute ischemic events.
Simultaneous Multi-Region Detection of GABA+ and Glx using 3D Spatially Resolved SLOW-editing and EPSI-readout at 7T
Authors: Weng Guodong , Slotboom Johannes , Radojewski Piotr
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Robust B0 and B1+ detection of GABA+ and Glx in 3D or whole brain MRSI using spectral editing is challenging at 7T. Goal(s): To simultaneously detect GABA+ and Glx in multi-regions and generate 3D maps using SLOW-editing for human brain at 7T. Approach: SLOW-EPSI was performed on 5 healthy volunteers. Results: Our method is robust to [-0.3 ppm, +0.3 ppm] B0 and [40%, 250%] B1+ for GABA+/Glx editing. 9-minute acquisition is sufficient for any arbitrarily shaped volume quantification. 18-27 minutes acquisition is sufficient for 3D mapping of GABA+. 9-18 minutes acquisition is sufficient for 3D mapping of Glx. Impact: Our work presents a large 3D or whole-brain MRSI tool for GABA+ and Glx quantification and mapping at 7T, which allows clinicians to examine changes in GABA+ and Glx in the brain for any arbitrarily shaped volume.
The Impact of Myo-Inositol on Cognitive Performance: A 7T Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Study
Authors: Collee Maria , Rajkumar Ravichandran , Farrher Ezequiel , Hagen Jana , Ramkiran Shukti , Schnellbächer Gereon , Veselinovic Tanja , Shah Nadim , Neuner Irene
Published: November 2024

Motivation: This study aims to contribute novel insights into the potential cognitive role of myo-inositol and its implications for brain metabolism using 7 Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy (7T-MRS). Goal(s): Our primary goal was to determine if myo-inositol concentrations within the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) influence cognitive performance. Approach: Ultra-high field 7T-MRS was used to measure myo-inositol concentrations in relation to cognitive performance, as assessed with the Trail-Making-Test (TMT-A/B). Data analysis involved multiple linear regressions with covariate control and bootstrapping for robustness. Results: Our study reveals a significant (p<0.05) positive association between higher myo-inositol levels in the PCC and enhanced cognitive performance in TMT-A/B. Impact: This study suggests the potential of myo-inositol as a biomarker for cognitive functioning. Furthermore, the findings contribute to our understanding of brain neurochemistry, supporting the advancement of personalised medicine for cognitive impairments.
Universal parallel transmit pulses for pulse-acquire based whole-brain MRSI
Authors: Völzke Yannik , Löwen Daniel , Pracht Eberhard , Hingerl Lukas , Srasser Bernhard , Hangel Gilbert , Bogner Wolfgang , Stöcker Tony
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Using single-channel transmit coils, the $$$B_1$$$ distribution is very inhomogenous in the brain. This leads to flipangle variations and consequently signal loss in a large portion of the brain. Using parallel transmit these variations might be mitigated. Goal(s): The goal of this work is to develop universal slab-selective homogeneuos excitation pulses for whole-brain MRSI acquisitions. Approach: Slab-selective $$$k_t$$$ points excitation have been calculated under consideration of multiple off-center frequencies. Flip angle homogeneity and excitation phase linearity was examined. Results: Resulting spectra can be quantified using single-channel optimized basis functions. Clear gray matter white matter contrast is visible in metabolic maps Impact: Universal excitation pulses, especially designed for whole-brain MRSI have been applied to pulse-acquire MRSI. Anatomical features could be found in the metabolic maps, even in the cerebellum. This might be a promising step towards reliable whole-brain MRSI.
Optimally-truncated SVD and PCA applied to spatio-temporal hyperpolarized 13C cardiac data
Authors: Bennett Anna , Shinn Hayden , Sinha Avantika , Abraham Roselle , Larson Peder
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current hyperpolarized data analysis techniques, first validated for interrogating cancer, are now being utilized for HP 13C cardiac MRI which is metabolically diverse. Goal(s): Our goal was to explore the viability of applying advanced data analysis techniques to previously acquired HP 13C cardiac data to derive novel and potentially impactful information. Approach: We applied optimally-truncated SVD based PCA to fasted and fed state [1-13C] pyruvate images and k-means clustering on resulting data. Results: Low-rank (r=3) PCA results captured sufficient data to represent the pyruvate images and identify plausible separable components of interest. Clustering spatially resolving data sufficiently for potential further constrained analyses. Impact: Hyperpolarized 13C cardiac MRI can be analyzed using PCA to derive novel and potentially impactful voxel-wise analysis. As use of HP 13C MRI expands to new applications, advanced analysis techniques can be utilized to better characterize complex alterations in metabolism.
Reproducibility Made Easy: A Tool for Methodological Transparency & Efficient Standardized Reporting based on the proposed MRSinMRS Consensus
Authors: Susnjar Antonia , Kaiser Antonia , Nossa Gianna , Simicic Dunja , Gudmundson Aaron
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Several consensus papers by MRS experts have addressed data collection, analysis, and reporting standards. Despite this, the usage of the MRSinMRS standardized reporting criteria remain sparsely utilized, impeding research rigor and reproducibility. Goal(s): To overcome this, the ‘’Reproducibility Made Easy’’ software automates table population and methods section generation, streamlining the process with a single raw dataset, removing manual data entry. Approach: We propose a tool that automatically creates a table from a single MRS raw data file, to make the process of adhering to reproducibility standards easy. Results: The open-source ‘’Reproducibility Made Easy’’ tool can be found here: https://github.com/agudmundson/mrs_in_mrs. Impact: Integrating the MRSinMRS Consensus Table faces challenges in parameter location within DICOM headers or MRS raw files due to nomenclature variations. "Reproducibility Made Easy" software addresses these issues, enhancing methodological transparency and standardization in research, aligning with MRSinMRS consensus principles.
Improved Reconstruction Speed for 5D Free Running Motion Resolved Using a Variable Projection Augmented Lagrangian (VPAL) Method
Authors: Yang Yitong , Chung Matthias , Hamid Aws , Yerly Jerome , Piccini Davide , Stuber Matthias , Oshinski John
Published: November 2024

Motivation: 5D free-running whole heart CMR offers CT-quality images but requires hours-long reconstruction time, preventing clinical usage. Therefore, a more efficient reconstruction algorithm is needed. Goal(s): We propose to use the advanced numerical algorithm to reduce the reconstruction time while preserving image quality. Approach: A variable projection augmented Lagrangian (VPAL) method for 5D motion-resolved image reconstruction was developed and compared with the state-of-the-art alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) on 15 5D free-running raw data sets. Results: When compared to the ADMM method, VPAL reduced the reconstruction time by 60%, preserved image similarity, had equivalent ejection fraction measurements, and had superior radiologist ratings. Impact: This study shows that using an advanced numerical algorithm for highly under-sampled MR reconstruction both reduces computational time and results in better image quality for diagnostics, bringing 5D free-running imaging closer to clinical usage.
Measurement of Dorsal Root Ganglia Volume for Patients with Low Back Pain by MR Neurography
Authors: Han Misung , Liu Felix , Park Christine , Chin Cynthia , Majumdar Sharmila
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multiple studies have shown volumetric changes in the dorsal root ganglia (DRG) in association with various neuropathies, but volumetric changes in patients with low back pain are not much known. Goal(s): To check a semi-automatic region-growing technique can be used to segment DRG on 3D MR neurography images and to determine if DRG volumes differ in patients. Approach: 3D MR neurography images were acquired from 10 patients and 4 control subjects at 3T. Segmentation algorithms were applied for DRG volume measurement, and measured volumes were compared between control and patient groups. Results: Lower DRG volumes were measured with patients. Impact: Through a semi-automatic 3D region growing technique, dorsal root ganglia volume can be efficiently measured with 3D MR neurography. Morphological assessment of dorsal root ganglia might help to understand overall lumbar spine pathology and low back pain.
Predicting poor medical therapy efficacy in patients with trigeminal neuralgia: Insights from MRI and clinical features
Authors: Li Bo , Chen Jingxian , Luo Chun , Zhao Hai , Zhong Xuguang , Gao Mingyong
Published: November 2024

Motivation: While MRI have proven valuable in predicting the surgical prognosis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN), studies on the prediction of medical therapy efficacy are still lacking. Goal(s): Our goal was to identify MRI and clinical characteristics that can predict the efficacy of medical therapy for TN. Approach: We conducted a blindly evaluation of MRI characteristics of TN. Clinical characteristics was obtained from the medical notes or phone follow-up. The correlation between MRI and clinical characteristics with medical therapy efficacy were subsequently analyzed. Results: Vertebral artery being culprit vessel and involvement of trigeminal nerve ophthalmic division correlates with drug treatment efficacy. Impact: The identified MRI and clinical characteristics in patients with TN, which are associated with the efficacy of medical therapy, can assist clinicians in offering informed guidance to patients when deciding between surgical and medical therapy.
Evaluation of Facial Nerve Imaging using CRANI for Parotid Gland Mass: Preliminary Experience.
Authors: Acharya Ullas , George Georgina , Patil Uday , Rolla Narayana , K Madan , Saha Indrajit
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Restricted visualization of the extra foraminal facial nerve inhibits pre-operative decision-making in parotid gland mass regarding nerve preservation. Goal(s): Using 3D CRANI (CRanial Nerve Imaging) MR sequence, extra foraminal facial nerve was studied, focusing its anatomical relationship to parotid gland mass. Approach: In 10 patients, post-contrast CRANI sequence was obtained in 3T scanner with 32-ch coil and Compressed SENSE imaging to study its extraforaminal course. Multi-planar and maximum-intensity projections was generated to enhance visibility. Results: Extraforaminal segments of the facial nerve was well visualized up to its bifurcation. However, the visualization of branches distal to bifurcation in relation to the lesion was poor. Impact: Extraforaminal facial nerve and its relationship to parotid mass allows surgeons to make better preoperative assessments. CRANI sequence effectively enables proximal nerve tracking while lacks in distal branch visualization in presence of mass; an avenue for future refinements.
Inline SNR-driven automatic quality control of UTE pulmonary imaging for patient-specific scan time adaptation
Authors: Daudé Pierre , Javed Ahsan , Ramasawmy Rajiv , Chow Kelvin , Campbell-Washburn Adrienne
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Image quality with fixed scan-duration is patient-dependent, leading to potentially insufficient quality for some patients and unnecessarily long scan time for others. Goal(s): We propose inline automatic quality control based on signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) to efficiently achieve consistent diagnostic image quality for 3D pulmonary imaging. Approach: We designed a closed-loop feedback framework between image reconstruction and data acquisition to automatically stop the acquisition when a target SNR is achieved. 6 healthy volunteers (HV) were imaged at 0.55T. Results: Target SNR was achieved at 3mins 57s±1min 9s across the population. Impact: The inline automatic quality control enables a subject-specific optimized scan time while ensuring sufficient data for highly resolved complex reconstruction. The distribution of early stopping times (1min 9s) across the population revealed the value of subject-specific scan time.
Improvement in Fat-Water Separation Using Modeled Gradient Impulse Response with Two-Point Dixon Radial Imaging
Authors: Wang James , Pirasteh Ali , McMillan Alan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Radial imaging is desirable for whole body imaging due to its motion robustness. However, two-point Dixon with bipolar readouts can have reduced quality due to gradient errors. Goal(s): To develop improved imaging capabilities by leveraging gradient impulse response function (GIRF) measurements to correct for gradient errors and yield better image quality. Approach: A radial two-point Dixon acquisition was compared using GIRF-corrected and uncorrected reconstructions in phantoms and a human volunteer. Results: The use of GIRF in the reconstruction of two-point Dixon radial imaging provides improved image quality and better fat-water separation and provided similar quality to a Cartesian acquisition. Impact: This work demonstrates improved image quality and improved fat-water separation by incorporating gradient impulse response function compensation in two-point Dixon radial imaging for an intended application of motion-robust whole body MR imaging.
Partial Separable Model Combined with Spatial Constraint for Interventional MRI Reconstruction
Authors: Li Rui , Sun Haozhong , Li Zhongsen , Xu Ziming , Chen Huijun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Real time interventional MRI (i-MRI) is essential for MR image guided therapy, but the requirement of high temporal resolution presents a great challenge for reconstruction of real-time i-MRI. Goal(s): Our goal is modifying an improved Partial Separable (PS) model called PS-R model to explore the potential of the modified model to achieve real-time i-MRI. Approach: We modified PS-R model with spatial constraint (PS-RSC) and performed retrospective experiments on simulation intervention MRI images to verify the effectiveness of the PS-RSC model. Results: Satisfying results were obtained with only 7 k-space lines for reconstructing one frame, giving an acceleration up to 40 folds. Impact: The reconstruction results of the simulation experiment showed that our method could obviously accelerate the acquisition time with good needle positioning, thus suggesting it has the potential for many MR guided interventional MRI application scenarios, such as MR image-guided therapy.
Improved receive coil signal combination for large volume single voxel spectroscopy at ultra-high field
Authors: Elliott Mark , Wilson Neil , Swago Sophia , Nanga Ravi , Reddy Ravinder , Witschey Walter
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Spectroscopic detection of low concentration metabolites (< 1mM) requires either lengthy signal averaging or large volume voxels. The latter can lead to significant variations in B0 across the volume, especially at ultrahigh field. Goal(s): Correct for B0 heterogeneity in large volume SVS when detecting with multi-channel receive coils. Approach: Using a metric for receive signal similarity, apply frequency and phase alignment of individual channel signals, prior to coil combination. Results: The method was applied to 18 in vivo scans of 1H brain spectra at 7 T. Narrower linewidths and increased SNR were observed for water and down-field NAD+ resonances. Impact: This approach provides an automated and robust method to improve spectral resolution and signal-to-noise ratio with large volume single voxel spectroscopy of low concentration metabolites when using multichannel receive arrays.
Quantitively Accurate Bipolar Quantitative Chemical Shift Encoded Imaging Using the Gradient Impulse Response Function
Authors: Wang James , Hernando Diego , Pirasteh Ali , McMillan Alan
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Quantitative chemical shift encoded (CSE) imaging enables accurate measurement of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) but requires breath holding that can be affected by motion artifacts. Goal(s): We aim to develop a more rapid, bipolar readout CSE acquisition. Approach: Gradient impulse response function (GIRF) was used to account for gradient-related phase errors that complicate PDFF measurements in bipolar acquisitions. Results: Bipolar CSE with GIRF correction enabled accurate PDFF measurement with similar results to conventional unipolar readout CSE with a 40% reduction in scan time. Impact: This study explores the application of GIRF and how it could be used in a bipolar CSE for PDFF measurement. Results are comparable to conventional unipolar CSE but yield significant scan time reduction.
Optimizing the T1-mapping GOAL-SNAP MRA with Histogram-Matching-Based Multi-Frame Combination
Authors: Dou Jiaqi , Liu Xiaoming , Xu Ziming , Tian Song , Wang Jing , Chen Huijun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: GOAL-SNAP, a sequence designed for T1 value measurement of vessel walls, shows promise in generating MRA images for intracranial vessel visualization, albeit with opportunities for further improvement. Goal(s): To introduce a novel approach to optimize GOAL-SNAP MRA. Approach: A histogram-matching-based approach was developed to optimize GOAL-SNAP MRA. This technique combined multiple GOAL-SNAP frames and utilizes histogram matching to suppress background signals and improve the contrast between vessels and background. Results: Contrast-to-noise (CNR) and visualization evaluation demonstrated the effectiveness of the optimized GOAL-SNAP MRA, exhibiting comparable performance to TOF and superior visualization of distal vessels. Impact: A novel histogram-matching-based multi-frame combination approach improved GOAL-SNAP MRA for intracranial vessel visualization and vascular stenosis assessment, with comparable performance to TOF and superior visualization of distal vessels.
Coil Sensitivity Estimation and Complex Image Combination for 96-Channel Receive Array at 7T
Authors: Kempfert Hannah , Chen Jingjia , Liu Chunlei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: High density receive arrays can improve SNR and parallel imaging capability; however, they also introduce significant image reconstruction challenges. Goal(s): We aim to find a reconstruction method that will produce consistent and high-quality complex images for high-channel-count receive arrays at 7T. Approach: Several existing sensitivity map estimation methods and coil combination methods were tested for 8-channel and 32-channel datasets, and an ultrahigh resolution 96-channel dataset acquired at 7T. Results: Existing reconstruction methods did not produce consistent results for the 96-channel dataset. Compression of high-quality sensitivity maps reduced data size by a factor of 100 while maintaining image quality. Impact: This work explores the unique reconstruction challenges in high-channel-count receive arrays by assessing performance of existing reconstruction techniques on an ultrahigh resolution dataset acquired with a 96-channel receive array, establishing a need for more research in effective reconstruction methods.
The anterior cingulate gyrus exhibits an excitatory-inhibitory balance that correlates with working memory
Authors: Hu Xin , Zhao Min , Liu Yuxi , Edden Richard A.E. , Chen Weibo , Ren Fuxin , Gao Fei
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Examining the impact of the excitatory-inhibitory balance on cognitive function in healthy individuals holds great significance in research. Goal(s): Exploring the excitatory-inhibitory balance at the neurotransmitter level and studying the relationship between excitatory-inhibitory balance and cognitive functions. Approach: The study involved the collection of glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid using magnetic resonance spectroscopy in 268 healthy participants, alongside the assessment of cognitive function in the subjects. Results: In the anterior cingulate cortex, we observed a positive correlation between glutamate and γ-aminobutyric acid levels. Additionally, we found that a higher ratio of excitatory balance was associated with improved working memory performance at this specific location. Impact: This study enhances our understanding of the excitatory-inhibitory balance at the neurotransmitter level and identifies a correlation between the level of excitatory inhibition and cognitive function. These findings provide valuable insights into the impact of excitatory inhibition on cognitive function.
The variation of GABA in the anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate cortex of migraineurs during a migraine attack and the interictal stage
Authors: Zhuo Mengyuan , Chen Yufan , Xu Changyuan , Zhao Yang , Chen Weibo , Gong Tao , Wang Guangbin
Published: November 2024

Motivation: To investigate the variation of GABA concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex and posterior cingulate cortex of migraine patients without aura during a migraine attack and the interictal stage. Goal(s): To elucidate the role of GABA in the migraine pathophysiology. Approach: We prospectively enrolled 12 migraineurs and 16 healthy controls and acquired MEGA-PRESS on a 3T MR from voxels located in the ACC and the PCC. Results: Among migraineurs, a significant increase in GABA+ in the PCC during a migraine attack versus the interictal stage(P=0.0023). Measurements in ACC and PCC showed a statistically significant elevation of GABA+ in migraineurs than healthy controls(P=0.0017, P=0.0031). Impact: We speculate that increased GABA levels may reflect a compensating mechanism to reduce a hyperexcitatory state and a protective role for GABA in suppressing headaches. We will probe into the mechanism of GABAergic Drugs for the treatment of migraine.
Reproducibility of GABA and Glx measurements in the midbrain and basal ganglia using MEGA-PRESS
Authors: Zhang Youmin , He Naying , Wu Peng , Yu Qiurong , Yan Fuhua
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Reproducibility is critical in longitudinal studies to monitor subtle alterations of GABA and Glx concentration in neurodegenerative disorders. Goal(s): To evaluate the reproducibility of GABA and Glx measurements of the midbrain and basal ganglia regions in healthy subjects. Approach: The MEGA-PRESS sequence was scanned twice with a two-week gap for each subject to obtain the GABA and Glx level in the left basal ganglia and bilateral midbrain. The reproducibility was evaluated. Results: We observed good agreement between two scans for the GABA and Glx quantification based on the Bland-Altman analysis. Impact: The reproducibility analysis of GABA and Glx measurements in the basal ganglia and midbrain regions are needed for the follow-up studies. The preliminary results informed that applying 1H-MRS to investigate the progression of GABA and Glx levels is applicable.
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Advanced Bionics HiRes Ultra 3D Cochlear Implants
Authors: Dewey Rebecca , Dineen Robert , Menon Nitin , Clemence Matthew , Bowtell Richard , Boyle Patrick , Hartley Douglas
Published: November 2024

Motivation: A cochlear implant (CI) contains an implanted magnet placed under the scalp. Newer rotating magnet designs facilitate safe and comfortable scanning up to and including 3 T. However, MRI of the head is still confounded by image distortion. Goal(s): To characterise CI artefacts at 3 T. Approach: T2DRIVE and T1-weighted mDIXON images were acquired in CI users, normally-hearing participants, and a phantom. Results: Visibility of bilateral internal auditory canals and cochleae varied across three CI users. Pre-surgical assessment will be beneficial on an individual basis to maximise the chances of successful post-operative MR acquisition. Impact: Bilateral internal auditory canals can be visualised despite the presence of a cochlear implant (CI): an assessment of the effect of a CI on the usability of clinical MR images in CI users, normally-hearing individuals, and a phantom.
Diagnostic performance of synthetic MRI in distinguishing between benign and malignant pathologies in the oral cavity and oropharynx regions
Authors: Wang Rui , Ma Qifan , Zhang Yong , Shi Jie , Yuan Ying , Tao Xiaofeng
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Malignancies originating from the mucosa of the oral cavity and oropharynx are considered as one of the most prevalent types of malignancies. Goal(s): We intended to evaluate the diagnostic performance of MAGIC in distinguishing between benign and malignant pathologies in the oral cavity and oropharynx regions. Approach: This study enrolled 45 patients with malignancies and 19 patients with benign pathologies. The quantitative values were measured and histogram features were extracted from lesion regions. ROC curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency. Results: The quantitative mappings showed similar diagnostic performance as morphological images. The diagnostic efficacy was further improved with all images combined. Impact: Considering the routine diagnosis of malignancies mainly based on morphologic and contrast-enhanced images, the present study validated the clinical value of MAGIC to acquire both of the morphological and quantitative images during a single scan without contast.
A comprehensive MRI-based human craniofacial atlas
Authors: Wei Lei , Wang He , Wang Sijia
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Current research lacks an understanding of the relationship between the craniofacial structure and the brain, and this connection is of significant importance for pre-diagnosis and neuroscience research. Goal(s): Develop a MRI-based craniofacial atlas to support clinical-neuroscience research, particularly in understanding the relationship between the brain and craniofacial structure. Approach: Gathered and processed MRI scans from 148 subjects, employing specialized algorithms for detailed craniofacial and skull mapping, aiding neuroscience research. Results: The study revealed variations in skull thickness, particularly in the occipital bones, and a significant negative correlation between cortical and skull thickness in specific regions. A comprehensive facial atlas was also successfully developed. Impact: Our research provides a clear research framework and atlas that can be used to explore the relationship between neurological disorders and craniofacial morphological changes in future studies. Additionally, it offers a potential approach for non-invasive and rapid preclinical diagnosis.
Performance of T2 mapping in the staging of Graves’ ophthalmopathy based on different region of interest selection methods
Authors: Yang Libin , Dai Xiaomin , Su Jiawei , Yang Shengsheng , Zheng Yonghong , Ma Mingping , Yu Shun , Song Yang
Published: November 2024

Motivation: T2 relaxation time (T2RT) of extraocular muscle (EOM) derived from T2 mapping has been reported to be useful for staging patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO). However, due to the particularity of orbital anatomy, various region of interest (ROI) selection methods have been used in the process of T2RT measurements in GO. Goal(s): This study aimed to evaluate the performance of T2 mapping based on different ROIs for staging GO. Approach: T2RT-mean and T2RT-max values of EOM on coronal T2 mapping were measured and analyzed. Results: Taking reproducibility and diagnostic performance into consideration, T2RT-mean was found to be an ideal biomarker for staging GO. Impact: Taking reproducibility and diagnostic performance into consideration, T2RT-mean of EOM derived from T2 mapping was found to be an ideal biomarker for staging GO compared to T2RT-max.
A deep learning based approach to generate synthetic CT images from multi-modal MRI data
Authors: Xin Zhuoyao , Wu Christopher , Liu Dong , Gu Chunming , Guo Jia , Hua Jun
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Synthetic CT is a useful technique to generate CT images from MR images. Most existing methods exploit only one single MRI modality such as T1-weighted (T1w) images. Goal(s): We aim to develop a synthetic CT method integrating dual-channel T1w+FLAIR input images. Approach: A dual-channel, multi-task deep learning approach based on the 3D Transformer U-net was tested using a public human brain MRI-CT dataset. Its performance was compared to single-modal T1w-based CT synthesis. Results: Our results indicate that dual-modal T1w+FLAIR images can provide richer details, particularly in pixel-level predictions compared to single-modal synthetic CT. The improvement in morphology was moderate. Impact: The proposed framework may be used to integrate two or more MRI modalities to improve the performance of CT image synthesis.
Anatomy-Matching based Multi-contrast MR Super-resolution
Authors: Kim Hyeongyu , Shin Hyungseob , Song Youngjun , Hwang Dosik
Published: November 2024

Motivation: Multi-contrast MRI with a single fully-sampled HR image and multiple under-sampled, LR contrasts can streamline diagnostics while reducing scan times. Goal(s): To effectively reconstruct under-sampled images by extracting anatomical information from the fully-sampled HR reference. Approach: Employ contrast/anatomy disentanglement learning to preserve anatomical consistency and restore unique contrast features in the LR images. Results: Preliminary outcomes indicate superior reconstruction fidelity compared to traditional methods, enhancing diagnostic quality and efficiency. Impact: By preserving imaging quality while reducing MRI scan times, patient convenience is substantially enhanced, allowing scalability across various contrasts.