bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Indexical shift in Tabasaran
Authors: Bogomolova Natalia
Published: May 2023

The Nakh-Daghestanian language Tabasaran displays indexical shift in the reported speech construction. Having many properties in common with indexical shift attested in other languages, the shift of embedded pronouns in Tabasaran depends strongly on the presence of person clitics on the embedded verb in the reported speech. Pronouns doubled by clitics receive a shifted interpretation, while independent personal pronouns have an indexical interpretation. This behavior of clitics contrasts with their behavior in an affirmative root clause, where they obligatorily double any first or second person subject. The investigation of interrogative sentences draws a link between two different strategies in the behavior of person clitics in the reported speech construction and in the affirmative root clause. I propose that personal pronouns and clitics are separate DPs, specified for different features: pronouns are indexicals, while clitics specified for person features also have the Logophoric feature and therefore indicate the logophoric Speaker and Addressee. In reported speech, when bound by a clitic, personal pronouns receive a shifted interpretation and also refer to logophoric participants that are matrix arguments in the reported speech. The paper also discusses the binding relationship between clitics and personal pronouns in those cases where they do not match in their phi-features and proposes that the binding is based not on the interaction between their morphological phi-features but rather on their referential content, which is generated by the whole feature set of each item.
Concept-based reasoning in medical imaging
Authors: Vats Anuja , Pedersen Marius , Mohammed Ahmed
Published: May 2023

Purpose

As concept-based reasoning for improving model interpretability becomes promising, the question of how to define good concepts becomes more pertinent. In domains like medical, it is not always feasible to access instances clearly representing good concepts. In this work, we propose an approach to use organically mined concepts from unlabeled data to explain classifier predictions.

Methods

A Concept Mapping Module (CMM) is central to this approach. Given a capsule endoscopy image predicted as abnormal, the CMM’s main task is to identify which concept explains the abnormality. It consists of two parts, namely a convolutional encoder and a similarity block. The encoder maps the incoming image into the latent vector, while the similarity block retrieves the closest aligning concept as explanation.

Results

Abnormal images can be explained in terms of five pathology-related concepts retrieved from the latent space given by inflammation (mild and severe), vascularity, ulcer and polyp. Other non-pathological concepts found include anatomy, debris, intestinal fluid and capsule modality.

Conclusions

This method outlines an approach through which concept-based explanations can be generated. Exploiting the latent space of styleGAN to look for variations and using task-relevant variations for defining concepts is a powerful way through which an initial concept dictionary can be created which can subsequently be iteratively refined with much less time and resource.
Messergewalt in Deutschland: Eine empirische Untersuchung zu Risikofaktoren sowie Täter- und Tatcharakteristika
Authors: Rausch Elena , Hatton Whitney , Brettel Hauke , Rettenberger Martin
Published: May 2023

Das Phänomen der Messergewalt steht immer wieder im Fokus öffentlicher und kriminalpolitischer Debatten. Dennoch hat sich die kriminologische und forensische Forschung im deutschsprachigen Raum vergleichsweise wenig mit dem Phänomen beschäftigt. Der internationalen Forschung sind dagegen Erkenntnisse zu Risikofaktoren, Motivationen und Charakteristika von Messergewalt zu entnehmen. Der vorliegende Artikel will einen Beitrag zur Untersuchung dieser Faktoren im nationalen Kontext leisten. Dazu werden Ergebnisse einer empirischen Untersuchung von Daten zu Messergewalt aus Rheinland-Pfalz berichtet. Ausgehend von einer Erhebung des Ministeriums der Justiz Rheinland-Pfalz wurden zu diesem Zweck Urteilstexte von insgesamt 452 rechtskräftig wegen schweren Gewaltdelikten abgeurteilten Personen ausgewertet. Dabei wurden die beiden Subgruppen Messergewalt und schwere Gewalt ohne Messereinsatz hinsichtlich Variablen aus den Kategorien Sozialdaten, Gewalt und psychische Gesundheit ausgewertet. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass sich die beiden Subgruppen hinsichtlich der Sozialdaten überwiegend ähneln, jedoch in den Bereichen Gewalttatverhalten, Viktimisierungserfahrungen und psychische Gesundheit unterscheiden. Dabei konnten insbesondere Zusammenhänge zwischen Messergewalt und eigenen Viktimisierungserfahrungen, der spezifischen Gewaltausübung im sozialen Nahraum, den psychischen Vorbelastungen sowie hinsichtlich eines missbräuchlichen Alkoholkonsums gefunden werden.
The role of transforming growth factor beta in bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy
Authors: Grewal Nimrat , Dolmaci Onur , Klautz Arthur , Legue Juno , Driessen Antoine , Klautz Robert , Poelmann Robert
Published: May 2023

A bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most prevalent congenital cardiac deformity, which is associated with an increased risk to develop a thoracic aortic aneurysm and/or an aortic dissection as compared to persons with a tricuspid aortic valve. Due to the high prevalence of a BAV in the general population and the associated life-long increased risk for adverse vascular events, BAV disease places a considerable burden on the public health. The aim of the present review is to discuss the role of transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling in the development of the vascular wall and on how this complex signaling pathway may be involved in thoracic aortic aneurysm formation in tricuspid and BAV patients.
Sharing a secret: Disclosure practices among adolescents and young adults with chronic illness
Authors: Venema Kaitlin , Conn Bridgid Mariko , Tanaka Diane , Silge Karl , Iverson Ellen
Published: May 2023

Objective: Peer support is an essential component of adolescence and is instrumental in reducing feelings of isolation and loneliness. Yet, many youth and young adults experiencing a chronic medical condition conceal or minimize aspects of their conditions due to feared rejection. Disclosure practices in adolescents with chronic illnesses are not well-studied with little known about the nature of information disclosed. This study sought to better understand the relationship between the depth of information disclosed to friends and health-related quality of life, response to stress, and coping strategies. Methods: The sample consisted of 140 patients between the ages of 15–21 years who were recruited from seven sub-specialty medical clinics. Quantitative data was collected from a baseline survey examining disclosure, coping, and health-related quality of life. Results: Three groups were created and compared based on participant responses to the types of information being disclosed to friends: No Disclosure, Facts, and Concerns/Emotions. Participants who disclosed the psychological impact and concerns related to their condition tended to be female and had a significantly higher number of friends to whom they disclosed. This group of participants also tended to endorse higher levels of illness-related stress and was engaging in more positive coping strategies than those who chose not to disclose information or only shared objective information about their conditions. Conclusion: Understanding of the nuances of the depth and decision-making of disclosure is necessary for providers to be able to support youth with chronic illness as they navigate their social environment and relationships.
Screening Microbial Interactions During Inulin Utilization Reveals Strong Competition and Proteomic Changes in Lacticaseibacillus paracasei M38
Authors: Vega-Sagardía Marco , Cabezón Eva Cebrián , Delgado Josué , Ruiz-Moyano Santiago , Garrido Daniel
Published: May 2023

Competition for resources is a common microbial interaction in the gut microbiome. Inulin is a well-studied prebiotic dietary fiber that profoundly shapes gut microbiome composition. Several community members and some probiotics, such as Lacticaseibacillus paracasei, deploy multiple molecular strategies to access fructans. In this work, we screened bacterial interactions during inulin utilization in representative gut microbes. Unidirectional and bidirectional assays were used to evaluate the effects of microbial interactions and global proteomic changes on inulin utilization. Unidirectional assays showed the total or partial consumption of inulin by many gut microbes. Partial consumption was associated with cross-feeding of fructose or short oligosaccharides. However, bidirectional assays showed strong competition from L. paracasei M38 against other gut microbes, reducing the growth and quantity of proteins found in the latter. L. paracasei dominated and outcompeted other inulin utilizers, such as Ligilactobacillus ruminis PT16, Bifidobacterium longum PT4, and Bacteroides fragilis HM714. The importance of strain-specific characteristics of L. paracasei, such as its high fitness for inulin consumption, allows it to be favored for bacterial competence. Proteomic studies indicated an increase in inulin-degrading enzymes in co-cultures, such as β-fructosidase, 6-phosphofructokinase, the PTS D-fructose system, and ABC transporters. These results reveal that intestinal metabolic interactions are strain-dependent and might result in cross-feeding or competition depending on total or partial consumption of inulin. Partial degradation of inulin by certain bacteria favors coexistence. However, when L. paracasei M38 totally degrades the fiber, this does not happen. The synergy of this prebiotic with L. paracasei M38 could determine the predominance in the host as a potential probiotic.
“Comprehensive Healthcare for America”: Using the Insights of Behavioral Economics to Transform the U. S. Healthcare System
Authors: Sorum Paul C. , Stein Christopher , Moore Dale L.
Published: May 2023

“Comprehensive Healthcare for America” is a largely single-payer reform proposal that, by applying the insights of behavioral economics, may be able to rally patients and clinicians sufficiently to overcome the opposition of politicians and vested interests to providing all Americans with less complicated and less costly access to needed healthcare.
Midterm Maelstrom: Public Health Legal Impacts of Election 2022
Authors: Hodge James G. , Barraza Leila , Piatt Jennifer L. , White Erica N.
Published: May 2023

Among the morass of critical issues impacting the results of the midterm elections in 2022 were core public health issues related to health care access, justice, and reforms. Collectively, voters’ communal health and safety concerns dominated outcomes in key races which may shape national, state, and local legal approaches to protecting the public’s health in the modern era.
Transferable Exclusivity Vouchers and Incentives for Antimicrobial Development in the European Union
Authors: Van de Wiele Victor L. , Raymakers Adam , Kesselheim Aaron S. , Rome Benjamin N.
Published: May 2023

The European Commission’s proposal to address antimicrobial resistance using transferable exclusivity vouchers (TEVs) is fundamentally flawed. European policymakers and regulators should consider alternatives, such as better funding for basic and clinical research, use of advance market commitments funded by a pay-or-play tax, or enacting an EU Fund for Antibiotic Development.
Paisaje social y espacios de tareas en canteras-taller de los Andes centro-sur
Authors: Bobillo Federico Miguel
Published: May 2023

En las canteras-taller los individuos y grupos llevan a cabo diversas actividades vinculadas al aprovisionamiento de recursos líticos. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar cómo las acciones tecnológicas y prácticas sociales configuraron un paisaje de canteras-taller en Antofagasta de la Sierra (provincia de Catamarca, Argentina). En este sentido, interesa conocer cómo las personas interactuaron con su entorno físico y la variabilidad de actividades que se realizaron en el interior de un paisaje de aprovisionamiento. Para ello se hicieron prospecciones sistemáticas, muestreos, excavaciones y un análisis tecno-tipológico de conjuntos líticos. A partir de este estudio se identificaron loci de actividades con un registro lítico con atributos tecno-tipológicos distintos. Entre los contextos arqueológicos documentados se encuentran campamentos de actividades múltiples, o AET, talleres de reducción de grandes nódulos, o ADT, parapetos (estructuras de muro simple con forma de U), acumulaciones de rocas y reparos rocosos. Cada una de estas áreas de actividades se emplaza en el interior de una zona de canteras-taller y conforma un paisaje social que fue utilizado persistentemente. Precisamente, a partir de esta investigación se logró comprender cómo las personas configuraron un paisaje de tareas a través de sus prácticas sociales y sus modos de habitar un lugar.
New Rightists or Simply Opportunists? The New Right Parties in Power in Latin America and Europe between 2010 and 2019: An Analysis of Their Ideological Dimensions
Authors: López Aguilar Alejandra , Pino Uribe Juan Federico
Published: May 2023

There is a boom in the power of right-wing parties that are becoming government parties in Latin America and Europe. It has been pointed out that these are distinguished from traditional right-wing parties by their common ideology that transcends national contexts, which is why they have been grouped as New Right-wing parties. This article questions whether these parties share ideological themes or whether they are heterogeneous and obey national interests. This study systemizes the New Right-wing parties’ programs and classifies them to answer the question. This corpus is then studied through frequency, network, and principal component analysis. Two conclusions are reached from this. First, these parties agree on issues such as provider States and nationalist claims, and, second, their programs have diverse themes that do not show the formation of an identifiable transnational ideological agenda in their programs. Consequently, grouping these parties as an ideologically homogeneous phenomenon can make invisible the fact that they are parties that adjust to particular demands of their political environment, in a logic that obeys more catch-all parties than ideological and dogmatic parties.
Impact of selection bias on polygenic risk score estimates in healthcare settings
Authors: Lee Younga Heather , Thaweethai Tanayott , Sheu Yi-Han , Feng Yen-Chen Anne , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Ge Tian , Kraft Peter , Smoller Jordan W.
Published: May 2023

Background

Hospital-based biobanks are being increasingly considered as a resource for translating polygenic risk scores (PRS) into clinical practice. However, since these biobanks originate from patient populations, there is a possibility of bias in polygenic risk estimation due to overrepresentation of patients with higher frequency of healthcare interactions.

Methods

PRS for schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression were calculated using summary statistics from the largest available genomic studies for a sample of 24 153 European ancestry participants in the Mass General Brigham (MGB) Biobank. To correct for selection bias, we fitted logistic regression models with inverse probability (IP) weights, which were estimated using 1839 sociodemographic, clinical, and healthcare utilization features extracted from electronic health records of 1 546 440 non-Hispanic White patients eligible to participate in the Biobank study at their first visit to the MGB-affiliated hospitals.

Results

Case prevalence of bipolar disorder among participants in the top decile of bipolar disorder PRS was 10.0% (95% CI 8.8–11.2%) in the unweighted analysis but only 6.2% (5.0–7.5%) when selection bias was accounted for using IP weights. Similarly, case prevalence of depression among those in the top decile of depression PRS was reduced from 33.5% (31.7–35.4%) to 28.9% (25.8–31.9%) after IP weighting.

Conclusions

Non-random selection of participants into volunteer biobanks may induce clinically relevant selection bias that could impact implementation of PRS in research and clinical settings. As efforts to integrate PRS in medical practice expand, recognition and mitigation of these biases should be considered and may need to be optimized in a context-specific manner.
Irony, Wretchedness, and the Liberal Arts
Authors: Halikias Dimitrios
Published: May 2023

In diagnosing a distinctively modern discontent, the Storeys have written a biography of a distinctively modern idea of happiness (141). Their achievement is to show that these two stories are the same. Montaigne's promise of what they term “immanent contentment” is itself connected to the ubiquitous if amorphous restlessness that plagues our culture today. Montaigne sought to find happiness not in transcendence or salvation, but in the simplicity of ordinary pleasures. Life is a game of variety and excitement, not an anguished pilgrimage to an eternal home. This counsel—meant to bring peace and to inoculate us against dogmatism—paradoxically underwrites the pervasive unhappiness of our time.
Life and Death of the Macrolithic Tools from the Third-millennium cal. bc Necropolis of La Orden-Seminario in Southwest Spain
Authors: Martínez-Sevilla Francisco , Linares-Catela José Antonio
Published: May 2023

Macrolithic tools are linked to daily activities and, fundamentally, to settlements, hence their importance for the study of Late Prehistoric societies. However, these objects are also associated with funerary contexts, but have not often been analysed holistically. This paper studies an assemblage of macrolithic elements from three collective tombs from the third millennium cal. bc at the site of La Orden-Seminario (Huelva, Spain), from a theoretical and methodological perspective based on the biography of the object. Our analysis focuses on typology, raw materials, technology, function and burial context. The results show that the tools can be linked to domestic activities such as the grinding of cereals and the processing of plant materials, as well as for the production and maintenance of the elements used in these activities. The analysed objects display long biographies of use and, in some cases, we have documented intentional breakage for their deposition in the tombs. The patterns of deposition in the funerary contexts reflect social practices related to the ritual and symbolic behaviours surrounding death and the relationship with everyday objects.
Holobiont perspectives on tripartite interactions among microbiota, mosquitoes, and pathogens
Authors: Zheng Ronger , Wang Qiqi , Wu Runbiao , Paradkar Prasad N , Hoffmann Ary A , Wang Guan-Hong
Published: May 2023

Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue and malaria cause a significant global health burden. Unfortunately, current insecticides and environmental control strategies aimed at the vectors of these diseases are only moderately effective in decreasing disease burden. Understanding and manipulating the interaction between the mosquito holobiont (i.e., mosquitoes and their resident microbiota) and the pathogens transmitted by these mosquitoes to humans and animals could help in developing new disease control strategies. Different microorganisms found in the mosquito’s microbiota affect traits related to mosquito survival, development, and reproduction. Here, we review the physiological effects of essential microbes on their mosquito hosts; the interactions between the mosquito holobiont and mosquito-borne pathogen (MBP) infections, including microbiota-induced host immune activation and Wolbachia-mediated pathogen blocking (PB); and the effects of environmental factors and host regulation on the composition of the microbiota. Finally, we briefly overview future directions in holobiont studies, and how these may lead to new effective control strategies against mosquitoes and their transmitted diseases.
Asymmetric pendrin homodimer reveals its molecular mechanism as anion exchanger
Authors: Liu Qianying , Zhang Xiang , Huang Hui , Chen Yuxin , Wang Fang , Hao Aihua , Zhan Wuqiang , Mao Qiyu , Hu Yuxia , Han Lin , Sun Yifang , Zhang Meng , Liu Zhimin , Li Geng-Lin , Zhang Weijia , Shu Yilai , Sun Lei , Chen Zhenguo
Published: May 2023

Pendrin (SLC26A4) is an anion exchanger expressed in the apical membranes of selected epithelia. Pendrin ablation causes Pendred syndrome, a genetic disorder associated with sensorineural hearing loss, hypothyroid goiter, and reduced blood pressure. However its molecular structure has remained unknown, limiting our understanding of the structural basis of transport. Here, we determine the cryo-electron microscopy structures of mouse pendrin with symmetric and asymmetric homodimer conformations. The asymmetric homodimer consists of one inward-facing protomer and the other outward-facing protomer, representing coincident uptake and secretion- a unique state of pendrin as an electroneutral exchanger. The multiple conformations presented here provide an inverted alternate-access mechanism for anion exchange. The structural and functional data presented here disclose the properties of an anion exchange cleft and help understand the importance of disease-associated variants, which will shed light on the pendrin exchange mechanism.
HDAC9-mediated epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M contributes to kidney fibrosis in male mice
Authors: Zhang Yang , Yang Yujie , Yang Fan , Liu Xiaohan , Zhan Ping , Wu Jichao , Wang Xiaojie , Wang Ziying , Tang Wei , Sun Yu , Zhang Yan , Xu Qianqian , Shang Jin , Zhen Junhui , Liu Min , Yi Fan
Published: May 2023

Renal tubular epithelial cells (TECs) play a key role in kidney fibrosis by mediating cycle arrest at G2/M. However, the key HDAC isoforms and the underlying mechanism that are involved in G2/M arrest of TECs remain unclear. Here, we find that Hdac9 expression is significantly induced in the mouse fibrotic kidneys, especially in proximal tubules, induced by aristolochic acid nephropathy (AAN) or unilateral ureter obstruction (UUO). Tubule-specific deletion of HDAC9 or pharmacological inhibition by TMP195 attenuates epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M, then reduces production of profibrotic cytokine and alleviates tubulointerstitial fibrosis in male mice. In vitro, knockdown or inhibition of HDAC9 alleviates the loss of epithelial phenotype in TECs and attenuates fibroblasts activation through inhibiting epithelial cell cycle arrest in G2/M. Mechanistically, HDAC9 deacetylates STAT1 and promotes its reactivation, followed by inducing G2/M arrest of TECs, finally leading to tubulointerstitial fibrosis. Collectively, our studies indicate that HDAC9 may be an attractive therapeutic target for kidney fibrosis.
Structure-evolution-designed amorphous oxides for dielectric energy storage
Authors: Yu Yahui , Zhang Qing , Xu Zhiyu , Zheng Weijie , Xu Jibo , Xi Zhongnan , Zhu Lin , Ding Chunyan , Cao Yanqiang , Zheng Chunyan , Qin Yalin , Li Shandong , Li Aidong , Wu Di , Rabe Karin M. , Liu Xiaohui , Wen Zheng
Published: May 2023

Recently, rapidly increased demands of integration and miniaturization continuously challenge energy densities of dielectric capacitors. New materials with high recoverable energy storage densities become highly desirable. Here, by structure evolution between fluorite HfO2and perovskite hafnate, we create an amorphous hafnium-based oxide that exhibits the energy density of ~155 J/cm3with an efficiency of 87%, which is state-of-the-art in emergingly capacitive energy-storage materials. The amorphous structure is owing to oxygen instability in between the two energetically-favorable crystalline forms, in which not only the long-range periodicities of fluorite and perovskite are collapsed but also more than one symmetry, i.e., the monoclinic and orthorhombic, coexist in short range, giving rise to a strong structure disordering. As a result, the carrier avalanche is impeded and an ultrahigh breakdown strength up to 12 MV/cm is achieved, which, accompanying with a large permittivity, remarkably enhances the energy storage density. Our study provides a new and widely applicable platform for designing high-performance dielectric energy storage with the strategy exploring the boundary among different categories of materials.
Sea surface warming patterns drive hydrological sensitivity uncertainties
Authors: Zhang Shipeng , Stier Philip , Dagan Guy , Zhou Chen , Wang Minghuai
Published: May 2023

The increase in global-mean precipitation with global-mean temperature (hydrological sensitivity; $$\eta$$
η
) is constrained by the atmospheric energy budget, but its magnitude remains uncertain. Here we apply warming patch experiments to a climate model to demonstrate that the spatial pattern of sea surface warming can explain a wide range of $$\eta$$
η
. Warming in tropical strongly ascending regions produces $$\eta$$
η
values even larger than suggested by the Clausius–Clapeyron relationship (7% K−1), as the warming and moisture increases can propagate vertically and be transported globally through atmospheric dynamics. Differences in warming patterns are as important as different treatments of atmospheric physics in determining the spread of $$\eta$$
η
in climate models. By accounting for the pattern effect, the global-mean precipitation over the past decades can be well reconstructed in terms of both magnitude and variability, indicating the vital role of the pattern effect in estimating future intensification of the hydrological cycle.
Climate co-benefits of tiger conservation
Authors: Lamba Aakash , Teo Hoong Chen , Sreekar Rachakonda , Zeng Yiwen , Carrasco Luis Roman , Koh Lian Pin
Published: May 2023

Biodiversity conservation is increasingly being recognized as an important co-benefit in climate change mitigation programmes that use nature-based climate solutions. However, the climate co-benefits of biodiversity conservation interventions, such as habitat protection and restoration, remain understudied. Here we estimate the forest carbon storage co-benefits of a national policy intervention for tiger (Panthera tigris) conservation in India. We used a synthetic control approach to model avoided forest loss and associated carbon emissions reductions in protected areas that underwent enhanced protection for tiger conservation. Over a third of the analysed reserves showed significant but mixed effects, where 24% of all reserves successfully reduced the rate of deforestation and the remaining 9% reported higher-than-expected forest loss. The policy had a net positive benefit with over 5,802 hectares of averted forest loss, corresponding to avoided emissions of 1.08 ± 0.51 MtCO2equivalent between 2007 and 2020. This translated to US$92.55 ± 43.56 million in ecosystem services from the avoided social cost of emissions and potential revenue of US$6.24 ± 2.94 million in carbon offsets. Our findings offer an approach to quantitatively track the carbon sequestration co-benefits of a species conservation strategy and thus help align the objectives of climate action and biodiversity conservation.
An examination of how six reasons for valuing nature are endorsed and associated with pro-environmental behavior across 12 countries
Authors: Gainsburg Izzy , Roy Sukanya , Cunningham Julia Lee
Published: May 2023

Balanced samples from 12 countries (N = 12,000) were surveyed about their reasons for valuing nature and pro-environmental behaviors. Results showed that people were least likely to endorse moral-based reasons for valuing nature, as compared to five other reasons (wellbeing benefits, nature’s intrinsic value, health benefits, economic value, identity-based reasons). However, moral- and identity-based reasons (relative to the other four reasons) for valuing nature were the strongest predictors of pro-environmental behavior across three different methods (correlations, linear mixed models, and relative importance analysis) and two pro-environmental behavior categories (consumer behavior and activism). In other words, the reasons for valuing nature most associated with pro-environmental behavior also garnered the weakest support, presenting a potential dilemma for those hoping to leverage values to promote pro-environmental behavior. We also identify a possible mechanism (awareness of one’s environmental impact) to explain why moral- and identity-based reasons for valuing nature best predict behavior. Finally, we examine between-country variability in the endorsement of the six reasons and the reasons’ associations with pro-environmental behaviors, and country-level factors that may explain between-country variability in these outcomes. We discuss these results in the context of broader literature that has focused on an intrinsic vs. instrumental valuation of nature dichotomy.
Taxonogenomics of Culturomica massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Emergencia timonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. new bacteria isolated from human stool microbiota
Authors: Hamame Afaf , Magdy Wasfy Reham , Lo Cheikh Ibrahima , Fenollar Florence , Raoult Didier , Fournier Pierre-Edouard , Houhamdi Linda
Published: May 2023

Two new bacterial strains, Marseille-P2698T (CSUR P2698 = DSM 103,121) and Marseille-P2260T (CSUR P2260 = DSM 101,844 = SN18), were isolated from human stools by the culturomic method. We used the taxonogenomic approach to fully describe these two new bacterial strains. The Marseille-P2698T strain was a Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium. The Marseille-P2260T strain was a Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium. Major fatty acids found in Marseille-P2698T were C15:0 iso (63%), C15:0 anteiso (11%), and C17:0 3-OH iso (8%). Those found in Marseille-P2260T strain were C16:00 (39%), C18:1n9 (16%) and C18:1n7 (14%). Strains Marseille-P2698T and Marseille-P2260T had 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 91.50% with Odoribacter laneusT, and of 90.98% and 95.07% with Odoribacter splanchnicusT and Eubacterium sulciT, respectively. The exhibited digital DNA-DNA Hybridization values lower than 20.7%, and Orthologous Average Nucleotide Identity values lower than 73% compared to their closest related bacterial species O. splanchnicusT and E. sulciT respectively. Phenotypic, biochemical, phylogenetic, and genomic results obtained by comparative analyses provided sufficient evidence that both of the two studied strains Marseille-P2698T and Marseille-P2260T are two new bacterial species and new bacterial genera for which the names Culturomica massiliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., and Emergencia timonensis gen. nov., sp. nov. were proposed, respectively.
Using machine learning to predict processes and morphometric features of watershed
Authors: Mokarram Marzieh , Pourghasemi Hamid Reza , Tiefenbacher John P.
Published: May 2023

The research aims to classify alluvial fans’ morphometric properties using the SOM algorithm. It also determines the relationship between morphometric characteristics and erosion rate and lithology using the GMDH algorithm. For this purpose, alluvial fans of 4 watersheds in Iran are extracted semi-automatically using GIS and digital elevation model (DEM) analysis. The relationships between 25 morphometric features of these watersheds, the amount of erosion, and formation material are investigated using the self-organizing map (SOM) method. Principal component analysis (PCA), Greedy, Best first, Genetic search, Random search as feature selection algorithms are used to select the most important parameters affecting erosion and formation material. The group method of data handling (GMDH) algorithm is employed to predict erosion and formation material based on morphometries. The results indicated that the semi-automatic method in GIS could detect alluvial fans. The SOM algorithm determined that the morphometric factors affecting the formation material were fan length, minimum height of fan, and minimum fan slope. The main factors affecting erosion were fan area (Af) and minimum fan height (Hmin-f). The feature selection algorithm identified (Hmin-f), maximum fan height (Hmax-f), minimum fan slope, and fan length (Lf) to be the morphometries most important for determining formation material, and basin area, fan area, (Hmax-f) and compactness coefficient (Cirb) were the most important characteristics for determining erosion rates. The GMDH algorithm predicted the fan formation materials and rates of erosion with high accuracy (R2 = 0.94, R2 = 0.87).
Wolbachia protects Drosophila melanogaster against two naturally occurring and virulent viral pathogens
Authors: Bruner-Montero Gaspar , Jiggins Francis M.
Published: May 2023

Wolbachiais a common endosymbiont that can protect insects against viral pathogens. However, whether the antiviral effects ofWolbachiahave a significant effect on fitness remains unclear. We have investigated the interaction betweenDrosophila melanogaster, Wolbachiaand two viruses that we recently isolated from wild flies, La Jolla virus (LJV;Iflaviridae) and Newfield virus (NFV;Permutotetraviridae). Flies infected with these viruses have increased mortality rates, and NFV partially sterilizes females. These effects on fitness were reduced inWolbachia-infected flies, and this was associated with reduced viral titres. However,Wolbachiaalone also reduces survival, and under our experimental conditions these costs of the symbiont can outweigh the benefits of antiviral protection. In contrast, protection against the sterilizing effect of NFV leads to a net benefit ofWolbachiainfection after exposure to the virus. These results support the hypothesis thatWolbachiais an important defense against the natural pathogens ofD. melanogaster.Furthermore, by reducing the cost ofWolbachiainfection, the antiviral effects ofWolbachiamay aid its invasion into populations and help explain why it is so common in nature.
Predicting lymphovascular invasion in rectal cancer: evaluating the performance of golden-angle radial sparse parallel MRI for rectal perfusion assessment
Authors: Fan Yingying , Chen Meining , Huang Hongyun , Zhou Mi
Published: May 2023

This study aims to determine whether the dual-parameter approach combined with either time-resolved angiography with stochastic trajectories (TWIST) or golden-angle radial sparse parallel (GRASP) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has superior diagnostic performance in predicting pathological lymphovascular invasion (pLVI) rectal cancer when compared with traditional single-parameter evaluations using DWI alone. Patients with pathologically confirmed rectal cancer were enrolled. Perfusion (influx forward volume transfer constant [Ktrans] and rate constant [Kep]) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were measured by two researchers. For both sequences, areas under receiver operating characteristic (ROCs) to predict pLVI-positive rectal cancer were compared. A total of 179 patients were enrolled in our study. A combined analysis of ADC and perfusion parameters (Ktrans) acquired with GRASP yielded a higher diagnostic performance compared with diffusion parameters alone (area under the curve, 0.91 ± 0.03 vs. 0.71 ± 0.06, P < 0.001); However, ADC with GRASP-acquired Kep and ADC with TWIST-acquired perfusion parameters (Ktrans or Kep) did not offer any additional benefit. The Ktrans of the GRASP technique improved the diagnostic performance of multiparametric MRI to predict rectal cancers with pLVI-positive. In contrast, TWIST did not achieve this effect.
High-performance metal-oxide gas sensors based on hierarchical core–shell ZnFe2O4 microspheres for detecting 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide
Authors: Yang Junchao , Yang Liu , Cao Shuya , Yang Jie , Yan Cancan , Zhang Ling , Huang Qibin , Zhao Jiang
Published: May 2023

The ZnFe2O4-based sensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 9.07 to 1 ppm 2-CEES at 250 °C. The sensor response and recovery times were 18 and 546 s, respectively, and its detection sensitivity of 2.87 to 0.01 ppm 2-CEES.
Single-particle dispersion of carbon dots in the nano-hydroxyapatite lattice achieving solid-state green fluorescence
Authors: Wang Lunzhu , Wang Xinru , Zhou Shuoshuo , Ren Jian , Liu Liting , Xiao Cairong , Deng Chunlin
Published: May 2023

We have prepared carbon dots-hydroxyapatite (CDs-HA) nanopowders with solid bright green fluorescence by the hydrothermal method by dispersing CDs in the HA lattice single-particlely and applied them to the fields of cell imaging and LED.
Insights into the kinetics and self-assembly order of small-molecule organic semiconductor/quantum dot blends during blade coating
Authors: Toolan Daniel T. W. , Weir Michael P. , Wang Shuangqing , Dowland Simon A. , Zhang Zhilong , Xiao James , Rawle Jonathan , Greenham Neil , Friend Richard H. , Rao Akshay , Jones Richard A. L. , Ryan Anthony J.
Published: May 2023

This work uses in situ grazing incidence X-ray scattering to provide new insights into the self-assembly behaviour that occurs when a mixture of quantum dots, small molecule organic semiconductors, and solvent dries to form a blended film.
Accurate and efficient machine learning models for predicting hydrogen evolution reaction catalysts based on structural and electronic feature engineering in alloys
Authors: Zhang Jingzi , Wang Yuelin , Zhou Xuyan , Zhong Chengquan , Zhang Ke , Liu Jiakai , Hu Kailong , Lin Xi
Published: May 2023

By incorporating electronic and structural properties, an efficient ML model was constructed to predict high-performance HER alloy catalysts, with enhancement in the computational efficiency for potential alloy catalysts across a vast chemical space.
Gradual introduction of multiple active sites in quest of high activity metal-free oxygen reduction catalysts and exploring the synergistic effect
Authors: Guo Qi , Ma Shuai , Wu Qi-Long , Liu Zhi-Zhuang , Yao Zhao-Quan , Li Shuai , Zhao Jiong-Peng , Liu Fu-Chen
Published: May 2023

The multiple active sites N, defect and S active sites were introduced gradually for obtaining an efficient carbon catalyst in acidic media.
Recent advances in atomically precise metal nanoclusters for electrocatalytic applications
Authors: Yuan Xinhua , Zhu Manzhou
Published: May 2023

Atomically precise nanoclusters provide a good platform for investigating the actual active sites and reaction mechanisms of electrocatalysis at the atomic or molecular scale, which has been investigated for numerous electrocatalytic applications.
4CzIPN-catalyzed radical-initiated cascade cyclization for the photosynthesis of polysubstituted quinolin-3-amines
Authors: Mu Shiqiang , Guo Yu , Huang Xiujuan , Luo Ying , Chen Menghan , Xu Jian , Song Qiuling
Published: May 2023

Substituted quinolin-3-amines are essential cores of many natural products and bioactive molecules.
Ferrocene analogs of Brooker's merocyanine: a new library of organometallic inverted solvatochromic dyes
Authors: Aburto Ignacio , Martínez-Gómez Fabián , Aliaga Carolina , Domínguez Moisés
Published: May 2023

Four organometallic dyes with ferrocene as the electron donor group and pyridinium or quinolinium acceptor groups were synthesized and their spectral behavior was recorded in various solvents with different polarities.
From at-line to online NMR: coupling probe-based autosampler with benchtop NMR
Authors: Ji Yining , Lin Zhihao , Lawson Latevi , Lévesque François , Foley David A. , Espina Robert , Robert Hector
Published: May 2023

The integration of benchtop NMR with a probe-based autosampler enables automated sampling and real-time measurement of reaction samples, as well as verification and calibration of spectroscopic methods.
Recent progress in polymer garnet composite electrolytes for solid-state lithium metal batteries
Authors: Rajamani Arunkumar , Panneerselvam Thamayanthi , Abraham Sona Elsin , Murugan Ramaswamy , Sivaprakasam Sivaraman
Published: May 2023

Here, we present a Li-ion conducting polymer garnet composite electrolytes for solid state batteries. Polymer garnet composite electrolyte provides good interfacial stability with dendrite free and safer lithium batteries.
Development of Social-Pragmatic Understanding in Children With Congenital Hearing Loss and Typical Hearing Between the Ages of 4 and 6 Years
Authors: Tuohimaa Krista , Loukusa Soile , Löppönen Heikki , Välimaa Taina , Kunnari Sari
Published: May 2023

Purpose:

This prospective longitudinal study aimed to explore (a) the development of social-pragmatic understanding of children with bilateral hearing aids (BiHAs), bilateral cochlear implants (BiCIs), and typical hearing (TH) between the ages of 4 and 6 years and (b) group differences between children with BiHAs, BiCIs, and TH.

Method:

The Pragma test was used for a comprehensive assessment of social-pragmatic understanding of a total of 86 children: 19 children with BiHAs, 22 children with BiCIs, and 45 children with TH. The Pragma test requires answering socially and contextually demanding questions and explaining the right answers. The explanation tasks are targeted at studying the participant's own awareness of the inferencing process. The children in this study were assessed yearly at the ages of 4, 5, and 6 years.

Results:

The participants with BiHAs, BiCIs, and TH showed significant development in their social-pragmatic understanding between the ages of 4 and 6 years, but most children with hearing loss (HL) still did not meet age expectations at the age of 6 years. Children with BiHAs and BiCIs both showed large-scale inferential difficulties, including utilizing theory of mind, utilizing verbal and visual information, and understanding conversational norms and emotions in context.

Conclusions:

Children with BiHAs and BiCIs are at risk of delays in social-pragmatic understanding despite early detection of HL, early amplification, and cochlear implantation. Therefore, the social-pragmatic abilities of children with HL should be assessed regularly, and the children with HL should have early access to social-pragmatic interventions where utilizing contextual information is practiced comprehensively.
Epidemiologie der Osteoporose
Authors: Schober Hans-Christof , Maus Uwe , Dimai Hans
Published: May 2023

Osteoporose ist eine der häufigsten Erkrankungen. Diese Erkrankung
führt zu Frakturen und tritt vorwiegend bei Älteren und beim
weiblichen Geschlecht auf. Ein steiler Anstieg der Frakturrate wird besonders
jenseits des 70.-igsten Lebensjahres beobachtet. Zwischen Österreich,
Deutschland und der Schweiz sind die Frakturraten ähnlich hoch.
Osteoporose führt zu einer deutlichen Einschränkung der
Lebensqualität und beträchtlichen Kosten.
Wärme, Kälte und Abwehr von Krankheitserregern
Authors: Brenke Rainer
Published: May 2023

Sowohl Hitze als auch Kälte können helfen, die Gesundheit zu stabilisieren. Thermische Reize wirken sich positiv auf die Infektabwehr aus, indem sie den Körper „abhärten“. Sauna, Eisbaden und kleinere hydrotherapeutische Kaltreize haben verschiedene Wirkungen auf das Immunsystem. Eine Reihe von Studien belegen ihren Nutzen für die Abwehrkräfte bereits.
Aromatherapie für die Immunabwehr
Authors: Stadelmann Ingeborg , Hillert Gisela
Published: May 2023

In der Aromatherapie kommt eine Vielzahl an Düften zum Einsatz. Diese haben nachgewiesene Effekte auf den Körper und das seelische Wohlbefinden: Sie wirken stress- und angstlösend, belebend, können bei Schlafstörungen helfen und haben förderliche Wirkungen auf das Immunsystem. Aromatherapeut*innen setzen ätherische Öle (international: essential oils, abgekürzt EO) ein, zum Beispiel für Handeinreibungen, Saunagänge, Raumbeduftung oder Massage.
Immunsystem und Mikrobiota im Funktionellen Feld
Authors: Karthein Jutta M.
Published: May 2023

Die Schleimhäute spielen eine wichtige Rolle für das Immunsystem. Verschiedene Schutzsysteme wahren ihre Integrität. Sie werden als „Funktionelles Feld“ beschrieben. Sich dieses Feld anzuschauen, kann die Diagnostik von verschiedenen Erkrankungen unterstützen, darunter chronisch-entzündliche Darmerkrankungen oder Allergien. Ebenfalls können auf diese Weise Bakterien aufgespürt werden, die Krankheitsprozesse bei Typ-2-Diabetes oder Gefäßerkrankungen anfeuern.
Parametric amplifier halves readout noise from superconducting sensors
Authors: Thompson Avery
Published: May 2023

Introducing a kinetic-inductance traveling-wave parametric amplifier placed immediately after multiplexed sensors could enable better resolution and increased sensitivity.
Parenting 101: How to raise bioengineered heart tissue
Authors: Shapiro Maura
Published: May 2023

Five transcription factors can be used to mature stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes for better compatibility with adult cells.
Lateral force separation of biopolymers using an atomic force microscope
Authors: Anderson Mark S.
Published: May 2023

The lateral force separation of long chain biomolecules is demonstrated using an atomic force microscope (AFM). This is achieved by using an AFM tip to pull molecules away from the edge of a nanofluidic solution. By monitoring the torsion on the AFM cantilever, a characteristic force–distance signal is produced when long chain molecules separate and detach from the solvent edge. This lateral force separation using AFM (LFS-AFM) is demonstrated on egg albumin proteins and synthetic DNA strands. The detected length of the protein and nucleotide biopolymers was consistent with their calculated molecular contour length. LFS AFM provides separation and detection of single polymer strands that has potential applications in biochemical analysis, paleontology, and life detection.
Language independent optimization of text readability formulas with deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Hadizadeh Moghaddam Arya , Ghayoomi Masood
Published: May 2023

Readability formulas are used to assess the level of difficulty of a text. These language dependent formulas are
introduced with pre-defined parameters. Deep reinforcement learning models can be used for parameter optimization. In this article
we argue that an Actor-Critic based model can be used to optimize the parameters in the readability formulas. Furthermore, a
selection model is proposed for selecting the most suitable formula to assess the readability of the input text. English and
Persian data sets are used for both training and testing. The experimental results of the parameter optimization model show that,
on average, the F-score of the model for English increases from 24.7% in the baseline to 38.8%, and for Persian from 23.5% to
47.7%. The proposed algorithm selection model further improves the parameter optimization model to 65.5% based on F-score for both
English and Persian.
Interactional and categorial analyses of identity construction in the talk of female-to-male (FtM) transgender individuals in Japan
Authors: Fukuda Chie
Published: May 2023

This study explores the identity construction of female-to-male (FtM) transgender individuals, utilizing membership categorization analysis and multimodal conversation analysis. ‘Identity’ in this study indicates a person’s display of category membership or ascription to category membership, which emerges in social actions. The study illustrates how participants make categories and associated features visible in their social actions through the use of multimodal resources. In particular, the study focuses on the participants’ orientation to Pn-adequate devices, particularly gender as a binary. The analysis shows that the participants’ orientation to gender ideologies, such as gender’s Pn-adequacy, plays a significant role in how they construct their FtM transgender identities.