bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysing and Visualizing Tweets for U.S. President Popularity
Authors: De Luca Ernesto , Fallucchi Francesca , Giuliano Romeo , Incarnato Giuseppe , Mazzenga Franco
Published: May 2019

In our society we are continually invested by a stream of information (opinions, preferences, comments, etc.). This shows how Twitter users react to news or events that they attend or take part in real time and with interest. In this context it becomes essential to have the appropriate tools in order to be able to analyze and extract data and information hidden in their large number of tweets. Social networks are a source of information with no rivals in terms of amount and variety of information that can be extracted from them. We propose an approach to analyze, with the help of automated tools, comments and opinions taken from social media in a real time environment. We developed a software system in R based on the Bayesian approach for text categorization. We aim of identifying sentiments expressed by the tweets posted on the Twitter social platform. The analysis of sentiment spread on social networks allows to identify the free thoughts, expressed authentically. In particular, we analyze the sentiments related to U.S President popularity by also visualizing tweets on a map. This allows to make an additional analysis of the real time reactions of people by associating the reaction of the single person who posted the tweet to his real time position in Unites States. In particular, we provide a visualization based on the geographical analysis of the sentiments of the users who posted the tweets.
The Optimization of Temperature and Length of Extraction of Local Corn Silk Powder Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Haslina - , Praseptiangga Danar , Bintoro V.Priyo , Pujiasmanto Bambang
Published: May 2019

Corn silk from female flowers consists of a group of stigmas that are smooth, soft, and look like threads and yellowish silk. Corn silk is rich in phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids and high natural antioxidant compounds. This content varies according to the corn varieties. Bisma variety is one of the many local corn varieties grown in Temanggung, Central Java. The first step in separating phenolic compounds is extraction with solvents. Methanol is one of the solvents that are often used in the extraction of phenolic compounds. Some of the contributing factors affect the rate and quality of extraction on the components of bioactive compounds, two of which are temperature and length of extraction.  This study aims to determine the optimum condition of extraction of corn silk from local Bisma varieties using Response Surface Methodology. The experimental design used was factorial in the Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two factors and three replications. The local corn silk of the Bisma variety, 80% methanol solvent concentration and a ratio (1:20) were extracted with a length of extraction (60, 70, 80 and 90) minutes and a temperature of 40° C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C. The extraction results from each corn silk were analyzed for chemical and phytochemical characteristics. The optimum condition for extracting corn silk powder was obtained at 40oC and the extraction time was 60 minutes. In this condition, chemical content produced is as follow: 0.80% of soluble fiber, 0.58% of insoluble fiber, 1.38% of total fiber, 2.36% of moisture content, 2.50% of ash content, 1.29% of fat content, protein content of 16.93%, and carbohydrate content of 78.20%, and phytochemical content were total phenol of 5342.45µg EAG / g, total flavonoids of 167.45µg EAG / g, beta-sitosterol of 996.53 ppm, antioxidant activity of 50.41 %.
Sensory Preference, Nutrient Content, and Shelf Life of Moringa Oliefera Leaf Crackers
Authors: Ismawati Rita , Wahini Meda , Romadhoni Ita Fatkhur , Aina Qory
Published: May 2019

Crackers is one of the snack foods, which can be variated in various types of and flavors. This study aimed to determine the sensory preference, nutrition content, and shelf life of Moringa oliefera leaf (Mol) crackers. Utilization of Mol is by processed it into powder, and chopped form then added to the crackers dough with the various amount of 3%, 5%, 7% and 9% for each form. The sensory test had been done to measure sensory properties such as color, aroma, texture, flavor and the level of preference. Sensoric test data were analyzed by using two way ANOVA and further Duncan test to examine the correlation between Moringa oliefera processed leaf type and addition amount with its sensory properties and panelist’s preference. The most preferred product then tested for its nutrient content. Crackers shelf life that observed were Total Plate Count (TPC) and Most Probable Number (MPN). This study showed that Moringa oliefera processed leaf type and the additional amount that is used will affect the sensory properties of crackers. There was a correlation between the Moringa oliefera processed leaf type and addition amount that is used with the cracker’s color, texture, and level of preferences, but not with the aroma and flavor. Nutrient content per 100g of the most preferences Moringa oliefera leaf crackers is energy 368.80 kcal, carbohydrate 65.91 g, protein 11.82g, fat 6.92g, Fe 4.68mg, calcium 26.50mg, Vit C 17.88mg, Vit A 48.55SI, Fiber 4.56g, ash 5.11%, and water 1.21%. The moringa leaf crackers can be stored for 8 weeks which TPC score is 0.9 x 104 (cfu/g) and MPN score is 23.89/g.
Клеточный иммунный ответ у инфицированных животных против белка NSP, кодируемого негативной цепью NS RNA вируса гриппа А
Authors: Жирнов О. П. , Конакова Т. Е. , Анхлан Д. , Людвиг С. , Исаева Е. И.
Published: May 2019

Вирус гриппа А относится к оболочечным RNA-содержащим вирусам с негативно-полярным геномом, состоящим из 8 сегментов RNA, каждый из которых является матрицей для синтеза позитивно-полярных mRNA, которые, в свою очередь, служат матрицей для синтеза 16 вирусных белков с использованием для некоторых механизма сплайсинга или трансляционного шифта. Восьмой сегмент NS посредством классической негативной стратегии генома кодирует белок NS1, обладающий анти-интерфероновой активностью (27 кДа), и белок ядерного экспорта NEP (NS2) (nuclear export protein, 14 кДа). Кроме этого, в сегменте NS обнаружена дополнительная открытая рамка для синтеза третьего вирусного белка по альтер-нативному пути посредством прямой трансляции негативно полярной вирусной RNA. Эта стратегия генома получила название позитивно-полярной. Образование данного белка, названного NSP (negative strand protein), при инфекции вируса гриппа А в целостном организме пока не обнаружено. Анализ белка NSP in silico выявил наличие доменов MHC-I (major histocompatibility complex-1) и MHC-II. Сравнительный анализ вирусов гриппа подтипа H3N2, циркулировавших среди людей в период с 1968 по 2018 гг., показал высокую изменчивость гена белка NSP, которая сходна с изменчивостью поверхностных белков гемагглютинина (HA) и нейраминидазы (NA). Наибольшая изменчивость обнаруживалась в зонах, соответствующих N-и C-концевым участкам белка NSP. В настоящей работе изучена возможность образования иммунных лейкоцитов, специфичных к белку NSP, у мышей после инфекции вирусом гриппа А. Показано, что у мышей после заражения последовательно двумя вирусами гриппа А разных сероподтипов обнаруживаются иммунные лейкоциты, специфически распознающие вирусные домены в центральной зоне белка NSP (позиции аминокислот 82-119). Полученные данные с большой вероятностью позволяют утверждать, что при инфекции вирусом гриппа А в организме животных имеет место экспрессия гена NSP, что в свою очередь подтверждает концепцию о биполярной (амбисенс) стратегии генома вируса гриппа А.
Nonalkolik yağlı karaciğer hastalığı olan bireylerde fruktoz tüketiminin değerlendirilmesi
Authors: KUYUMCU Aliye , PÜRNAK Tuğrul , YILDIZ Emine Akal
Published: May 2019

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine fructose-rich food
consumption levels of individuals with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAYKH)
and to determine the possible relationship between biochemical parameters and
anthropometric measurements.           Material and Methods: Individuals between 19-65 years of age with abdominal
ultrasonography (USG) with varying degrees of fatty tissue; mild steatosis
(grade 1, n=15), moderate steatosis (grade 2, n=15), severe steatosis (grade 3,
n=15) and no steatosis (grade 0, n=15). Nutritional status and 24-hour nutrient
consumption were recorded. Anthropometric measurements of individuals, some
biochemical findings, physical activity status and fructose-rich nutrition
status were investigated.   Results: In this study, anthropometric measurements such as BMI, waist
circumference and waist/hip ratio increased with the increase in steatosis
degrees and were statistically significant (p<0.001). At physical activity
level, there is no significant difference between groups (p=0,099).
Daily fructose intake with nutrients is the lowest in
grade 0; Grade 2 and Grade 3 groups have similar amounts and higher than other
groups (p<0.001). The average daily consumption of fructose-rich
non-alcoholic beverages (soda and cola) was found to be at least in grade 0
(8.7 ± 5.7ml) and significantly higher in grade 3 (291 ± 33.5 ml), (p=0,001).
Furthermore, in the study individuals with fructose consumption ** BMI, **
waist circumference, * waist / hip ratio, * total cholesterol, ** uric acid, **
ALT, * AST, ** ALP, ** chocolate consumption amount, ** a significant positive
relationship was found between the consumption of ready-made fruit juice and
alcoholic beverages (* p <0.05, ** p <0.01). 

Conclusion: In our study, there was a strong correlation between the degree
of steatosis and fructose consumption in individuals with NAYKH. It should be
kept in mind that excessive consumption of fructose with nutrients may pose a
risk for diseases such as obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, metabolic
syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The consumption of fructose in daily diet
should be provided from natural sources and excessive consumption should be
avoided.
Jak wspomagać rozwój językowy dzieci wielojęzycznych? Postępowanie logopedyczne w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego
Authors: Bielawska Magdalena
Published: May 2019

Autorka omawia najważniejsze zagadnienia dotyczące dwu- i wielojęzyczności. Przedstawia specyfikę pracy Niepublicznego Dwujęzycznego Przedszkola Kids & Co., oferującego model edukacji dwujęzycznej. Nadrzędnym jej celem jest osiągnięcie przez dziecko dwujęzyczności funkcjonalnej oraz przygotowanie go do kontynuacji nauki w L2. Autorka opisuje problemy językowe dzieci wielojęzycznych, ktore utrudniają pełne porozumienie z innymi oraz ich aspekt psychologiczny. Korzystając z własnych doświadczeń, przedstawia metody pracy z dziećmi wielojęzycznymi z punktu widzenia logopedy praktyka i lektora języka polskiego jako obcego. Podkreśla, że wspomaganie akwizycji L2 musi być oparte na nauczaniu formalnym języka. Zwraca uwagę na potrzebę wspierania dzieci w ich wielojęzycznym rozwoju.
ALGORITHM OF DECISION-MAKING ON SOCIAL AND MEDICAL PROTECTION IN EMERGENCY SITUATION
Authors: Soloviev Vladimir Yu. , Demin V. F. , Krasnyuk V. I.
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study. The development of decision-making algorithm for decisions on the social and medical protection of people in emergency situations based on risk analysis. Material and methods. The problems and conceptual provisions of risk assessment and decision-making, based on its results, are described concerning the social and medical protection of personnel of hazardous industries and the population in the event of an emergency situation (ES) in which the level of exposure to hazardous factors may exceed the established safety standards. The object of risk assessment and analysis are stochastic (probabilistic) effects of exposure to ES hazard factors. Their main features, which create complex problems in risk assessment and making decisions on protective measures, is the non-specific effects of the hazardous factors’ impact on human health and their possible latency. Results. The first step before decisions on the protective measures should be to identify a high-risk group among people affected by ES, based on the risk assessment. Three variants of decision-making for the high-risk group are considered: 1) financial compensation for risk, 2) medical measures for protecting health and 3) compensation for the realized damage to health. The requirements of the risk assessment methodology are formulated. Discussion. It is shown that the first option can not provide optimal and justified protection of the health and well-being of people in ES. Decisions on this protection are proposed to be based on a combination of options 2) and 3). The choice of the optimal combination depends on the specific situation and development of emergencies, on the success of implementing engineering and organizational protective measures aimed at preventing "doses" of exposure to people of hazardous factors of the emergency above the established safety limits and on the effectiveness and timeliness of medical protection. Conclusion. The choice of the option of making an effective decision on social and medical protection should be based on the detailed risk assessment from the exposure to hazardous factors, including risk assessment in economic indicators.
SANITARY EVALUATION OF SOIL COVER OF THE SAINT PETERSBURG STATE UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
Authors: Abakumov Evgeny V. , Pavlova T. A. , Dinkelaker N. V. , Lemyakina A. E.
Published: May 2019

The aim of the study. To assess the contamination of the soil cover of the St. Petersburg State University campus. To accomplish the goal, tasks are set concerning the determination of the content of heavy metals in selected soil samples and their comparison with the available regulatory documents, estimates of the basal respiration of the soil and humus content. Materials and methods. In 2016-2017 there were executed investigations on the study of the state of soils on the campus of the St. Petersburg State University. Studies were carried out in the Vasileostrovsky and Petrodvorets districts of the city of St. Petersburg. 39 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-30 cm. The content values of heavy metals (Pb, As, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, V) and arsenic (As) were determined and compared with the available Maximum Allowable Concentrations (MAC) adopted in Russia. The biological activity of soil samples and the humus content were also investigated. Results. Analysis of heavy metals in soils and their comparison with available MPCs are given for soil samples from two campus areas of the St. Petersburg State University. Discussion. The investigation of soil samples of two different territories made it possible to identify the features of soil contamination with heavy metals and arsenic and to compare these areas with each other. The predominant majority of samples are characterized by exceeding the MAC limit for arsenic, zinc, nickel, chromium. To clarify the estimation of the levels of total contamination of soils, Zc, also Zst(g) were used in these calculations. Zst(g) takes into account the geometric mean of the concentration coefficients of elements and the toxicity of heavy elements Conclusion. Samples of soils selected in the Vasileostrovsky district are characterized by a higher pollution category in terms of Zc and Zst(g) than the soils of the Petrodvorets district. For all soil samples, the value of soil pollution index is more than 1, which characterizes the soils as contaminated. The indices of the microbiological activity are similar in the soils of the two investigated areas; the humus content is characterized as an average also in both campus areas.
THE RESPONSE OF THE ORGANISM OF ADOLESCENTS TO THE INHALATION CHEMICAL LOAD AND INFESTATION WITH GIARDIA
Authors: Masnavieva Liudmila B. , Kudaeva I. V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The anthropogenic load affects the human body, creating the prerequisites for the development of adaptation or maladaptation processes, in which the immune system plays a major role. Giardia infection also affects the immune system. The aim of the study was to assess the levels of cytokines and immunoglobulin A in adolescents with giardiasis living in conditions of the different inhalation chemical load Material and Methods. 319 adolescents were included in the study. The individual inhalation chemical load on the adolescents was calculated taking into account data on the content of impurities in the atmospheric air, indoor air, personalized data of schoolchildren. Three groups were selected in accordance with the individual values of the hazard index of the immunity disorders in students. Cases with and without Giardia infection were identified in each group. The content of antibodies to lamblia, interleukins-2 and -10, interferons-alpha and-gamma, immunoglobulin A in schoolchildren was studied by the method of enzyme immunoassay. Results. The chronic inhalation chemical load with immunotropic substances have been established to cause a decrease in the levels of INF-α, INF-γ, and IgA. Giardia was found to induce the increase in the levels of IgA, IL-2, INF-α, and INF-γ, at hazard indices of the development of pathology of the immune system less than 2. Discussion. Giardia invasion causes an increase in INF-α, INF-γ, IL-2, IgA levels, which indicates the activation of the immune protection when hazard indices of a danger of impaired immunity were less of 2. Differences in cytokine levels in adolescents with and without giardiasis are leveled when hazard indices were more than 3, which is probably the result of changes in the immune system due to a high level of the chemical stress. Conclusion. The presence of parasitic infestation and chemical air pollution have a synergistic inhibitory effect on the immune system, namely, they reduce IL-10, Ig A, INF-α, and INF-γ levels, with the higher inhalation load by substances tropic to the immune system
HYGIENIC ASSESSMENT OF THE SECURITY WITH SELENIUM IN VARIOUS GROUPS OF THE POPULATION OF THE ORENBURG REGION
Authors: Burtseva Tatyana I. , Salnikova E. V. , Skalny A. V.
Published: May 2019

The integrated approach to studying of the element status of the population as a whole, is an actual problem in biology and medicine. 1270 people took part in research - children, teenagers and adults. Selenium definition in hair was carried out on the basis of test laboratory Autonomous Non-Commercial Organization Center of Biotic Medicine, according to methodical instructions TORMENTS 4.1.1482-03, 4.1.1483-03. Average values of selenium in hair (25 - 75 testily interval), received when carrying out population researches in various regions of Russia became a basis for an assessment of accumulation of selenium in hair surveyed. These testily intervals were accepted by us, according to A.V. Skalnu (2003) recommendations, as reference sizes for persons of the corresponding age. These concentration of selenium received during research in hair of the children’s population were much lower than reference sizes: at boys this indicator was lowered by 1,3 times, and at girls by 1,5 times of rather minimum level of physiologically admissible sizes for persons of the corresponding age. The similar picture developed and in group of the surveyed teenagers. Four multiple decrease in indicators of concentration of selenium in hair of both groups of teenagers concerning level 25 testily was established. The comparative analysis of concentration of selenium in hair of adult population of the Orenburg region established decrease in concentration of selenium in hair in all surveyed on the average by 1,5 times of rather reference sizes. The hygienic assessment of concentration of selenium in hair of all surveyed persons revealed decrease in concentration of selenium in hair rather physiologically admissible sizes for all surveyed age groups of the population of the Orenburg region.
METHODOLOGICAL FEATURES OF HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT IN ACUTE INHALATION EFFECTS ON THE POPULATION
Authors: Kislitsyn V. A. , Shashina Tatyana A. , Dodina N. S.
Published: May 2019

Risk assessment of acute inhalation effects on the population has methodological features at all stages of the research. When choosing priority substances, a modification of the method for calculating the relative hazard index by the emission value (in g/sec) is proposed. To assess acute risk, 1-hour averaging of concentrations coinciding in duration with reference levels of acute inhalation effects (ARfC) is used. The use in modeling program of a maximum hourly emission value for each source results in an unreasonable overestimation of the values of 1-hour concentrations. The standard parameters of the emission sources from the report on permissible emissions ( PDV) do not provide the data for the mode of sources (on/off), the actual emission rates (g/sec) for each hour, and other parameters that specify the sources operation. Recommendations were developed for calculation of 1-hour concentrations close to real, in assessing the exposure, structure, and format of the additional data and a computer package for the data connection to AERMOD and ISCST3 models, as well as for the truncation of the time series of calculated 1-hour concentrations at 95-98th percentile. Features of the acute risk indices calculation - coefficients (AHQ) and indices (AHI) are described. Using the hourly values of the time series of concentrations the highest AHQ value is determined at each exposure point, which is used to estimate the level of acute risk from a substance. To calculate the hazard index (AHI) of the substances affecting the same critical organs/systems, the AHQ hourly values of individual substances are summarized at each exposure point, the highest AHI value is determined, which is used to assess the level of acute risk from exposure to substances with unidirectional action. The approbation of the described methodical approaches has shown their effectiveness in determining the values of exposures and risks close to real values. Their use has reduced the values of AHQ and AHI acute risk indices to "plausible" values by 2 and 3.7 times, respectively.
REGIONAL PECULIARITIES OF TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE BIOSPHERE AND THE HUMAN BODY
Authors: Salnikova E. V. , Burtseva Tatyana I. , Skalny A. V.
Published: May 2019

From literary data it is known the investigation of contents and influence on an organism of chemical elements to be urgent, the carrying out such researches in the urbanized territories is especially important. The Orenburg region as production and processing of minerals (metal ore, hydrocarbons, etc.) undoubtedly treats such territories having been conducted since the 12th century. In this regard in the territory of the Orenburg region, the complex large-scale research of the trace element status of the territory is implemented. In 35 administrative regions of area samples of a surrounding environment and biosubstrate (hair) of constantly living population was taken. Research on the detection of chemical elements (Zn, Cu, Cd, Pb) in biosubstrate were carried out in the Autonomous non-profit organization “Center for Biotic Medicine”, and samples of a surrounding environment were examined in laboratories of the Exploring Center "All-Russian scientific research institute of meat cattle breeding" of the Russian Academy of Agrarian Sciences. Results of researches show factors of natural and technogenic character to have an impact on the maintenance of essential and toxic minerals in the environment. In underground waters, there was established the minimum content of zincum, copper, cadmium, and lead to be revealed in samples from areas of the Western and the Central Orenburg region. Moreover, the concentration of zincum, copper, cadmium, and lead in water of East zone, achieves the threshold limit value. The concentration in soils of zincum and copper was found to correspond to the maximum allowable concentration in samples from the East Orenburg region. The performed research of trace element structure of hair of the population of the Orenburg region showed both the content of the vital chemical elements (Zincum and copper) in an organism of the studied population to fail to correspond to reference values, the increased level of the studied elements (woman) in inhabitants of East zone, and the lower level zincum and copper in the examined population of the Central and Western area. The correlation and regression analysis allowed to establish the content of chemical elements in the soil to have the significant, reliable (p ≤ 0.05) influence on the element status of the examined residents of the Orenburg region.
COMPLEX EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATUS OF OIL AND GAS WORKERS DURING SHIFT PERIOD IN THE ARCTIC CONDITIONS
Authors: Korneeva Yana A. , Bobyreva N. S. , Simonova N. N. , Degteva G. N.
Published: May 2019

The article is devoted to the study of functional status dynamics (working capacity, stress) of oil and gas workers of various professional groups during the shift period in Arctic conditions. The survey involved 70 specialists from oil and gas producing companies working on a shift basis in the Nenets Autonomous District of five professional groups: operators for oil and gas production, operators of the boiler and treatment facilities, drivers, engineers and maintenance technicians. The research methods are studying documentation, monitoring the work process, questioning, psycho-physiological and psychological testing, statistical methods of data analysis. The study of the functional status was carried out with the help of biochemical (analysis of saliva on cortisol), psychophysiological (complex visual-motor response) and psychological (questionnaire: “Feeling. Activity. Mood.” by V.A. Doskin and co-authors; the test of color preferences of M. Lusher in adaptation L.N. Sobchik) methods. As a result of the study, By the end of the shift period the statistically significant increase was revealed in the stressful status of the operators of the boiler and treatment facilities, maintenance workers and drivers. According to the dynamics of the functional status, one can observe a decrease in the working capacity of all specialists by the end of the shift period. The specialists, working in the open air (drivers and engineers), had more negative dynamics of functional status in comparison with other professional groups. These workers can be referred to the risk group.
INDICES OF PECULIARITIES OF IMMUNE REGULATION DETECTED IN CHILDREN EXPOSED TO ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION WITH METALS
Authors: Starkova K. G. , Dolgikh Oleg V. , Eisfeld D. A. , Alikina I. N. , Nikonoshina N. A. , Chelakova Yu. A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The technogenic development of the habitat determines the need of study of the negative impact of environmental factors on public health. The aim of the work is to study the peculiarities of changes of indices of immune regulation, specific and non-specific sensitization in the children’s population, living in conditions of air pollution with metals. Material and methods. A survey of the children population, living in the exposure zone of the studied risk factors was conducted. Mass spectrometry was used to determine the concentrations of chemical elements in biological media. Phagocytic activity was determined using sheep erythrocytes, serum immunoglobulin concentrations - using radial immunodiffusion, total IgE and cytokine levels - using enzyme immunoassay, specific IgG and IgE antibodies to metals - using allergen sorbent testing method. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 6.0. Results. In the observation group №. 1 the level of blood contamination with aluminum and chromium compounds when compared to the indices of the comparison group was higher, as well as there was a gain in aluminum, manganese, nickel, chromium in the blood level, compared with the values of the observation group №. 2. In the observation group № 1, the relative phagocytosis and phagocytic number were lower in relation to the norm, to the comparison group and the observation group № 2. Specific antibodies to metals exceeded the reference levels in the observation groups № 1 and № 2. The production of interleukin-1beta in the observation groups № 1 and № 2 exceeded the comparison indices; high levels of interleukin-8 and interferon-gamma were noted. A violation of cellular immunity in the observation group № 1 was established. In observation group № 2, changes in immune reactivity were expressed in a less degree, which was characterized by reduced absolute values of metals sensitivity indices. Conclusion. Excessive blood contamination with aluminum and chromium compounds, a decrease in phagocytic activity, an increase in specific sensitization by the criterion for the content of specific antibodies to metals, as well as an imbalance of cytokine immune mediators, were shown.
MODELING OF COMBINED EFFECTS OF THE EXPOSURE TO CHEMICALS (ALUMINUM) AND REGULATORY IMMUNE AND ENDOCRINE FACTORS IN RESEARCH ON CYTOKINES PRODUCTION IN EXPERIMENTS IN VITRO
Authors: Dolgikh Oleg V. , Starkova K. G. , Krivtcov A. V. , Chelakova Yu. A. , Chigvintsev V. M. , Alikina I. N. , Lanin D. V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Analysis of individual components of the network of regulatory neuroendocrine and immune interactions, as well as their possible combination with the use of mathematical modeling technology, makes it possible to identify the likely consequences of the negative impact of man-made environmental factors on public health and to determine optimal strategies for reducing morbidity. The aim of the work is to simulate cytokines production in vitro under the combined effect of chemical factors (aluminium) and regulatory immune and endocrine mediators. Material and methods. The experiment was performed on peripheral blood samples of healthy donors (n=68). An immune cell suspension was used, isolated by centrifugation in a ficoll-verografin density gradient. Viral load modeling was performed with a complex mitogen. The following factors were used: IL-1 β, cortisol, aluminum. The concentration of cytokines IL-8, IL-10, IL-17 was determined by enzyme immunoassay. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistica 6.0. Results. A significant change in the production of IL-8 and IL-10 was found in groups with different levels of experimental IL-1 exposure. The combined effect of IL-1 and high levels of cortisol and aluminum increased the levels of IL-8 and IL-10. In the study of the production of IL-17 inhibitory effects with increasing concentrations of IL-1 were revealed. The nonlinear equations of the concentrations dependences of the studied cytokines on the content of IL-1, cortisol and aluminum were determined with checking the models adequacy to the experimental data by the method of dispersion analysis. Discussion. The study of characteristics of the changes in immune cytokine mediators under the influence of physiological and chemical factors has revealed the interaction mechanism of a specific chemical environment and immune-endocrine regulation system components during the course of immunological processes in the body. Conclusion. The results of the study showed interrelations in the system of cytokine immune mediators associated with the increased production of IL-8 and IL-10 and a decrease in IL-17 under conditions of increasing concentrations of IL-1, as well as with the combined effect of cortisol and aluminum. Mathematical modeling has determined the nonlinear nature of the identified patterns.
RESULTS OF RADIATION AND HYGIENIC PASSPORTIZATION OF THE CITY OF MOSCOW IN THE PERIOD FROM 2013 TO 2016
Authors: Melnichenko P. I. , Prokhorov N. I. , Bolshakov A. M. , Khodykina T. M. , Zakharova Anastasia V.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The article discusses the results of a general analysis of information on the radiation-hygienic passports of Moscow in the period from 2013 to 2016, providing objective and accessible information about the characteristics of all sources of ionizing radiation (man-made, medical, natural) and the resulting radiation doses for the population Moscow. Material and methods. A qualitative and quantitative assessment of doses for the population from natural sources, medical exposure of patients during X-ray examinations was carried out, the objects of Moscow using sources were studied. Results. The number of sources in Moscow has been established to be indicated inaccurately, as a result of which unaccounted sources are identified during control and supervisory measures. The leading role in the structure of collective doses of radiation to the population of Moscow according to the data of 2016 was shown to come from natural sources and medical research as much as 81.5 and 18.3%, respectively. A continuous increase in the dose from computed tomography and its significant contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure of Moscow residents was noted. In 2016, its contribution amounted to 59.9%. Discussion. To determine the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the doses to the population of Moscow from all sources, the radiation hygienic passports of the city of Moscow were studied from 2013 to 2016. Conclusions. On the basis of the study conducted to assess the doses of radiation to the population of Moscow, an underestimation of the effective doses of patients during medical research was established. There is a continuous increase in the dose from computed tomography, its significant contribution to the collective dose from medical exposure of the population of Moscow. In order to update the radiation hygienic passport of Moscow, it is necessary to achieve the presentation of complete information by objects using sources, as well as the relevance of legal acts, taking measures to prevent an unreasonable increase in doses of medical exposure to residents of Moscow while actively introducing highly informative diagnostic methods in medicine.
HYGIENIC ANALYSIS OF POTENTIAL RISKS OF HEALTH HARM IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AIRPORT COMPLEXES ACTIVITY
Authors: Kleyn Svetlana V. , May I. V. , Kiryanov D. A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. The noise impact on human health continues to grow under the conditions of dense development of residential areas. Therefore it is necessary to forecast and identify priority activities and areas requiring special attention when conducting control and supervisory measures on the sanitary and epidemiological well-being of the population. Material and methods. The economic activity of airport complexes was assessed according to the potential risk to health. Also, spatial and structural distributions of potential risks were estimated. Health risk assessment in the zone of influence of airport complexes was carried out according to Guidelines 2.1.10.1920-04 and 2.1.00.0059-12. Results. The activity of airborne complexes, classified as “Air Transport Activity” category 1 by the potential risk of harm (R1 = 6.97 ∙ 10-3, the scale of the impact is more than 155 thousand people) and located in close proximity to residential development, is shown to representatively confirm the results of the assessment of the potential risk of harm to health. The activity of the analyzed economic entity forms non-normative quality of atmospheric air (up to 1.87 maximum one-time MPC., Up to 4.0 daily average (da) MACda, noise exposure exceedances - up to 90 dB at maximum and up to 66.6 dB at equivalent levels) carcinogenic risk (TCR up to 3.39E-04) and non-carcinogenic risk (up to 3.1 HQac, up to 43.5 HQcr, up to 5.13 HIac, up to 47.3 HIcr). The priority risk factors are benzene, formaldehyde, manganese and its compounds, copper oxide, hydrogen chloride, suspended solids, etc. The external average acoustic exposure forms high levels of risk at the age of 47 years of life (and older), moderate levels by the age of 15 years (and older). Conclusion. The current situation requires the development and implementation of a set of operational and planned measures of sanitary and hygienic, legal, technological, organizational, medical and preventive nature.
THE SEASONAL VARIATIONS OF CARBON TETRACHLORIDE TOXICITY
Authors: Rakitskii V. N. , Skupnevskii Sergey V.
Published: May 2019

Biological rhythms are genetically fixed as a universal form of adaptation to cyclically changing environmental factors. Many organs including the liver and body systems function in an oscillatory mode. Its central role in the process of detoxification may determine the variability of toxic effects in the metabolism of xenobiotics. The including of chronobiological patterns in the procedures of toxicological and hygienic studies will allow more accurate assessing of the properties of tested substances. The aim of the study was to identify variations in the seasonal chrono-reactivity of warm-blooded animals to the hepatotoxic effects of carbon tetrachloride. In studies there were used Wistar rats, divided into experimental (CCl4-induced toxic hepatitis) and control groups in the winter, spring, summer, and autumn. Standard laboratory diagnostic methods studied key indices characterizing the functional activity of the liver and the antioxidant status of the organism (direct and total bilirubin, cholesterol, alkaline phosphatase, ALAT, ASAT, hydroperoxide, malonic dialdehyde, catalase in the liver tissues). According to the results of the conducted research, seasonal biorhythms have a modulating effect on the organism of warm-blooded animals, and the amplitude of the detected fluctuations was observed to be wider in terms of modeled pathology. The calculation of the variation values of numerical indices shows fluctuations to take place in the range of 10-60% in control group, and within the range of 60-300% in the pathology. The most labile index was catalase. Since the mechanism of carbon tetrachloride toxicity is mediated through the initiation of lipid peroxidation, this may explain the observed phenomena of seasonal chronoreactivity. Thus, taking into account the modulating role of biorhythms in protocols for toxicity testing can optimize the currently used procedures of human health risk assessment.
INFLUENCE OF OF SINGLE-WALLED CARBON NANOTUBES INGESTION BY RATS ON THEIR INTEGRAL AND BIOCHEMICAL INDICES
Authors: Shipelin V. A. , Shumakova A. A. , Soto Kh. S. , Selifanov A. V. , Sidorova Yu. S. , Masyutin A. G. , Chernov A. I. , Gmoshinski Ivan V. , Khotimchenko S. A.
Published: May 2019

Introduction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can affect the human body as a result of their use in packaging materials, growth stimulators of agricultural plants and promising agrochemicals. The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of SWCNT on integral and biochemical indices on the model of oral administration to rats in a subacute experiment with duration of 92 days. Material and methods. SWCNT were dispersed by ultrasound in water with 1% by weight of the non-ionic surfactant Tween 20. According to the data of dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and Raman light scattering the sample containing both free and partially aggregated SWCNTs. The experiment was carried out on 5 groups of growing male Wistar rats. The SWCNT dispersion was added to the drinking water at doses (control); of 0.01; 0.1; 1.0 and 10 mg/kg body weight in groups from the 1st to the 5th group. We studied the level of anxiety and cognitive function in the test of the “Conditional Reflex of Passive Avoidance” (CRPA); the mass of internal organs, the permeability of the small intestine wall for ovalbumin macromolecules, the biochemical parameters of blood serum, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, the content of non-protein thiols in the liver, urinary excretion of 8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-G) and selenium. Results. As a result of SWCNTs consumption there were found significant changes in the content of total protein, uric acid, triglycerides, cholesterol in the blood serum, the increased activity of aspartate aminotransferase, the relative mass of the liver, and decreased the permeability of the intestinal wall for macromolecules of the protein. There have been shifts in individual antioxidant protection indices, including increased 8-oxo-G excretion, decreased glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione content in the liver, and selenium availability. Most of the above effects did not show a dose dependence of the nanomaterial and were more pronounced at minimal and medium doses of SWCNTs than at maximum doses. The effect of SWCNTs on the behavioral responses of animals was not revealed. Conclusion. Therefore, SWCNT show signs of toxic effects at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg body weight in a day or less.
Precificação de ETFs Brasileiros
Authors: Milani Bruno , Ceretta Paulo Sergio
Published: May 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é verificar, com base nos tradicionais modelos de avaliação de performance de fundos de investimento, quais variáveis afetam o retorno dos ETFs brasileiros. Foram estimadas regressões com base em um modelo híbrido que engloba variáveis oriundas do CAPM e de seus modelos complementares, especificamente os modelos de Momentos Superiores, Modelos de Três e Quatro Fatores e Modelo APT. Com base em dados do período entre 02/01/2009 a 31/12/2013, as conclusões evidenciam que os ETFs são influenciados pela co-curtose e pelo fator SMB, corroborando que o risco sistemático não é o seu único fator de precificação.
KOMUNIKASI POLITIK BERBASIS POLITIK IDENTITAS DALAM KAMPANYE PILKADA
Authors: Dhani Fitria Wulan
Published: May 2019

ABSTRACT                 The campaign in the Local Election is a moment for political actors to carry out political communication to voters. Communicators in the campaign convey a message that invites voters to choose certain candidates. The communicator strategy in conveying campaign messages is by using identity politics in campaign material. This study aims to analyze more deeply how political communication based on identity politics develops in the election campaign, and what the impact of identity politics is in political life in Indonesia. This study uses qualitative methods and descriptive analysis techniques, collecting data through literature studies and online data search. The results of the study included the development of identity politics in campaigns that showed success in gathering voters' votes. However, on the other hand the politics of identity raises divisions in groups in society, unhealthy democratic systems, and shows the poor political education for the people and institutions of political parties.Keywords:  Political Communication, Politics of Identity, Campaign of Election ABSTRAK Kampanye dalam pemilihan kepala daerah (pilkada) merupakan moment bagi aktor politik untuk melakukan komunikasi politik dengan pemilih. Komunikator dalam kampanye menyampaikan pesan yang sifatnya mengajak pemilih untuk memilih kandidat tertentu. Strategi komunikator dalam menyampaikan pesan kampanye yaitu dengan menggunakan politik identitas dalam materi kampanye. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis lebih dalam bagaimana komunikasi politik berbasis politik identitas berkembang dalam kampanye pilkada, dan apa dampak politik identitas dalam kehidupan politik di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik analisis deskriptif, pengumpulan data melalui studi literatur dan penelusuran data online. Hasil penelitian mencakup perkembangan politik identitas dalam kampanye yang menunjukan keberhasilan dalam mengumpulkan suara pemilih. Namun, di sisi lain politik identitas menimbulkan perpecahan kelompok di masyarakat, sistem demokrasi yang tidak sehat, dan menunjukan buruknya pendidikan politik bagi rakyat dan  kelembagaan partai politik.Kata Kunci: Komunikasi Politik, Politik Identitas, Kampanye Pilkada
Topical Application of Human Milk versus Alcohol and Povidine-Iodine on Clinical Outcomes of Umbilical Cord in Healthy Newborn: Impact of an Educational Program of Mothers’ Knowledge and Practice Regarding Umbilical Cord Care
Authors: Faheim Sahar Sedky , Hassan Hanan Elzeblawy , Gamel Wafaa Mostafa Ahmed
Published: May 2019

Aim: This quasi-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the effect of an educational program of mothers` knowledge and practice about umbilical cord care; compare cord-cleansing using human milk versus alcohol 70% and povidine-iodine 10% on clinical outcomes of umbilical cord in healthy newborn. Subjects: Α total of 150 mothers who had just delivered with their newborn infants at the postnatal units at El-Fayoum University Hospital, Egypt, were recruited for this study. Tool: data was collected through а structured interview questionnaire; newborn follow-up sheet and an observation checklist. Results indicated that, before the intervention of the educational program, lake of satisfactory knowledge and practice among mothers in all groups related to cord care. The total mean scores for the immediate post/follow up tests of intervention educational program were statistically significantly higher (р<0. 001), compared to their pre-intervention of the educational program scores. Concerning newborn follow-up, there were highly statistically significant differences in umbilical cord base separation time, the sign of cord infection, bleeding continuation in mother milk group as compared with alcohol 70% and povidine-iodine 10% group. Conclusion: Educational program had а positive effect on mothers' knowledge and competency of their practice regarding umbilical cord cleansing. Topical application of mother milk on umbilical cord care leads to rapid cord separation time; diminish the umbilical cord infection as it can be used as an easy, cheap and non-invasive way for cord care. Recommendation: educational programs intervention regarding neonatal care is required during the period of antenatal visit. Researches to study the effect of newborn cord care practices on the incidence of newborn morbidity/mortality are required.
Le travail en élevage et ses mutations
Authors: SERVIÈRE Gérard , CHAUVAT Sophie , HOSTIOU Nathalie , COURNUT Sylvie
Published: May 2019

Pour les éleveurs, la diversité des tâches, la liberté d'agir à sa guise, la proximité avec la nature et les animaux expliquent l'attrait, souvent passionné, pour une profession en constante mutation suite aux évolutions techniques et sociologiques. Les gains d'efficience et de productivité sont rognés par l'augmentation de la taille des structures et la charge de travail reste toujours importante. Aujourd'hui les éleveurs cherchent un meilleur équilibre vie privée/vie professionnelle, à préserver leur santé et une reconnaissance de leur rôle sociétal, ce qui implique des conditions de travail correctes et plus de sérénité au quotidien. L'automatisation et la robotisation demandent d'acquérir une maîtrise technologique mais apportent de la souplesse et permettent des gains de temps. Le développement du salariat et de la féminisation des chefs d'exploitation, modifient le rapport au métier et pourraient contribuer davantage au renouvellement des générations. Les préoccupations, environnementales et vis-à-vis du bien-être animal, suscitent des infléchissements, notamment agro-écologiques qui nécessitent de nouveaux apprentissages et des transitions toujours complexes. Les remises en cause, parfois frontales, de l'élevage côtoient des initiatives démontrant son utilité sociale comme pourvoyeur d’emplois, d’identité locale et de produits sains. La diversité dans les territoires des modèles d’élevage, les complémentarités entre eux et avec d'autres activités, agricoles ou non, ainsi que le renouvellement des outils de conseil sont autant de perspectives pour susciter le désir de « devenir éleveur ». Cet article présente, à la lumière des mutations sociales, sociétales et économiques, les questions en débat autour du travail et du métier des éleveurs.