bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Formação contínua de professores do ensino fundamental sob a ótica do desenvolvimento da information literacy, competência indispensável ao acesso à informação e geração do conhecimento
Authors: Belluzzo Regina Célia Baptista
Published: October 2014

Área de pesquisa de interesse bastante recente e ainda inexplorada no Brasil, a information literacy, ou seja, a competência no uso da informática, é considerada necessária aos professores do ensino fundamental, posto que relaciona-se à construção de significados a partir da informação, à proficiência investigativa e ao aprendizado independente, assim como ao aprendizado ao longo da vida. Este artigo tem por objetivo contribuir à melhor compreensão dessa matéria, centrando-se na discussão dos aspectos histórico-conceituais pesquisados, necessários à sua teorização, e nas suas possíveis aplicações nas práticas que envolvem a formação contínua dos professores do ensino fundamental, estes, sendo tanto usuários da informação, como geradores de conhecimento.
Educação continuada do catalogador na modalidade a distância: uma proposta alternativa
Authors: Pereira Ana Maria , Santos Plácida Leopoldina Ventura Amorim da Costa
Published: October 2014

Apresenta uma proposta para o ensino de catalogação, com ênfase na Metodologia da Problematização. A proposta está voltada para a educação continuada a distância do profissional catalogador, e leva em conta os desafios implicados no desenvolvimento da interatividade, da interdisciplinaridade, da auto-educação e da consciência crítica desse profissional, uma vez que ele se torna sujeito ativo e gerenciador de sua própria educação.
Panorama temático de trabalhos de conclusão de Curso de Biblioteconomia
Authors: Gonçalves Filho Antonio Marcos , Noronha Daisy Pires
Published: October 2014

Analisa aspectos temáticos de 217 Trabalhos de Conclusão de Curso produzidos por alunos do Departamento de Biblioteconomia e Documentação da Escola de Comunicações e Artes da Universidade de São Paulo, no período de 1987 a 2002, conforme resumos publicados pela LISA-Library and Information Science Abstracts. A categoria temática mais trabalhada foi "Biblioteca e Centro de Informação", com os assuntos específicos "Biblioteca Pública" e "Biblioteca de Assuntos Especiais", seguida de "Comunicação Informacional", com os assuntos específicos "Serviço de informação" e "Trabalho de referência". Constatou-se uma concentração de trabalhos em cinco categorias, refletindo o "perfil temático" da produção de Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso do Departamento, que deixa, nas demais categorias temáticas, uma vasta lacuna a ser explorada pelos alunos de graduação.
Núcleo de periódicos e periódicos periféricos na área de psicologia preventiva
Authors: Ferreira Adriana Aparecida
Published: October 2014

Os periódicos especializados constituem a forma mais comum de comunicação científica. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os periódicos constantes da PsycINFO, de 1996 à 2000, quanto aos artigos publicados sobre Psicologia Preventiva nesse período. Dos 7492 artigos encontrados sobre o tópico, foi tabulado o número dos publicados em cada periódico. Houve concentração de artigos sobre o assunto em um pequeno grupo de publicações e dispersão do restante entre as demais. Ficaram inseridos no percentil superior, 22 periódicos, veículos de 27,55% dos artigos. Conclui-se portanto, haver um núcleo de periódicos com concentração em prevenção, ainda que o tema apareça tratado nas diversas áreas da Psicologia. A grande variedade de periódicos em que os artigos sobre psicologia preventiva são publicados, indica a relevância do tema. Os 22 periódicos identificados como núcleo, viabilizam a seleção de sub-áreas de conteúdo para a composição de acervos específicos.
Filosofia da informação: reflexos e reflexões
Authors: Francelin Marivalde Moacir , Pellegatti Caio
Published: October 2014

A Filosofia não pode restringir-se apenas à busca da verdade. A informação não é apenas suporte para o conhecimento. O pensamento no século XXI, encontra-se perante dilemas até então desconhecidos ou evitados. A sujeição e a prova de "novos" pensamentos ocorrem através de crises e rupturas. O processo de conhecer o conhecimento ou o de pensar o pensamento, indubitavelmente foram, e são importantes etapas no desenvolvimento do total conhecimento humano. Buscando-se a inserção e o entendimento da própria informação relacionada a esses processos, o presente trabalho propõe uma filosofia que pense essa informação, ou seja, uma Filosofia da Informação.
O conhecimento e a construção do novo cosmos social
Authors: Conti Vivaldo Luiz
Published: October 2014

O maior risco para os habitantes do nosso tempo ao viver em um mundo fragmentado, onde as porções não se juntam, é o de desenvolver (ainda mais) a indiferença e o alheamento para com os outros, para aquilo que o cerca, encerrando-se em uma espécie de autismo. Tentando apontar os modos pelos quais o todo poderia ser recomposto, este artigo chama a atenção para os meandros de uma criação humana especial, a ciência. Outrossim, enfatiza a necessidade da reconstrução de teorias unificadoras e totalizadoras de mundo, como a única forma de o homem conseguir estabelecer um grau de entendimento que lhe permita conviver harmoniosamente com a natureza e consigo mesmo.
Linguagem documentária e terminologia
Authors: Lara Marilda Lopes Ginez de
Published: October 2014

A linguagem documentária deve ser formulada rigorosamente para se constituir em sistema de organização e de comunicação da informação, qualquer que seja seu universo (bases bibliográficas, sites na WEB, conteúdos de manuais técnicos). O uso da terminologia teórica e da terminologia concreta contribui à consecução desses objetivos, à medida que fornece princípios para a identificação dos domínios, delimitação de conceitos e termos, estabelecimento de relações entre conceitos apoiadas em definições, além de prover referência concreta aos descritores. Visando melhor compreensão dos conceitos terminológicos, exploramos as normas terminológicas ISO 704:2000 e ISO 1087-1:2000, no que tange aos conceitos e à modelagem de sistemas de conceitos, destacando que a importância da Terminologia (teórica e metodológica) para a construção da linguagem documentária, transcende o uso normalizado dos termos: a apropriação de procedimentos e de conceitos terminológicos pela Ciência da Informação (e pela Lingüística Documentária) se relaciona à especificidade de seu objeto e objetivos. A utilização da terminologia, ao lado de contribuições de outras áreas, vai ao encalço da constituição de unidades de informação.
A linguagem de especialidade e o texto técnico-científico: notas conceituais
Authors: Galvão Maria Cristiane Barbosa
Published: October 2014

Pretende-se explicitar, neste artigo, algumas características do texto técnico-científico e da linguagem empregada na sua construção: a linguagem de especialidade. Pretende-se, com estas reflexões, contribuir para a melhor compreensão desta linguagem e desta tipologia textual.
O processo da bibliomineração: repositório de dados e mineração de dados para tomada de decisão em bibliotecas
Authors: Nicholson Scott
Published: October 2014

Apresenta uma metodologia operacional integrada, utilizando técnicas de repositórios de dados (data warehousing) e mineração de dados (data mining), e combinando ferramentas estatísticas com reconhecimento de padrões. Tendo em vista a utilização de recursos, o objetivo principal é chegar a um entendimento melhor do comportamento de comunidades de usuários. O anonimato dos usuários fica inteiramente assegurado na aplicação do modelo, pelo qual são processados os dados oriundos de arquivos transacionais da biblioteca. O próprio processo da bibliomineração consiste basicamente em coletar, depurar e anonimizar os dados, visando, precipuamente, a descoberta de padrões subjacentes. Os resultados podem ser combinados com diferentes variáveis, antes de sua utilização na tomada de decisão pela Administração da biblioteca.
Entre mares e continentes: aspectos da trajetória científica de Hermann von Ihering, 1850-1930
Authors: Lopes Maria Margaret , Podgorny Irina
Published: October 2014

Este artigo considera momentos da trajetória científica de Hermann von Ihering: sua formação em zoologia em instituições alemãs e em Nápoles, sua atuação internacional a partir do Brasil e retorno à Alemanha. Aborda aspectos da elaboração de suas teorias sobre pontes continentais. Destaca as redes de sociabilidade construídas prioritariamente com Florentino Ameghino e com emigrantes alemães como ele, que lhe permitiram interagir nos círculos científicos internacionais. Menciona fragmentos de suas cartas e de suas publicações nos períodos em que inicia a correspondência com Ameghino (1890); viaja à Europa em busca de apoio para suas teorias (1907); e publica um livro sobre a história do oceano Atlântico (1927).
La pesca comercial y el estudio de la fauna marina en la Argentina, 1890-1930
Authors: Garcia Susana V.
Published: October 2014

Este trabajo examina la relación entre el desarrollo de la pesca comercial marítima y el estudio de la fauna marina en la Argentina de fines del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del siglo XX. Se analizan las investigaciones ictiológicas, la comercialización de productos marítimos frescos y las oportunidades que ofrecieron los mercados urbanos para la formación de colecciones. También se focaliza en los inicios de la pesca de altura que posibilitaría la captura y estudio de nuevas especies así como la acumulación de información sobre el ambiente marino.
O Brasil no relato de viagens do comandante Robert FitzRoy do HMS Beagle, 1828-1839
Authors: Passetti Gabriel
Published: October 2014

Na década de 1830, os navios da Marinha Real britânica tinham a missão de realizar mapeamentos precisos de costas e portos, contatar governos locais e estabelecer relações comerciais e diplomáticas. Ao voltar à Inglaterra, homens como Robert FitzRoy, comandante do His Majesty’s Ship (HMS) Beagle, publicaram relatos de suas expedições. Descreveram e analisaram as sociedades visitadas, comparando-as com a atuação britânica no globo. No Brasil, entusiasmaram-se com as paisagens tropicais e criticaram seus habitantes, tidos como ineficientes na exploração econômica e socialmente atrasados. Naqueles anos, a ciência acompanhou a expansão imperial britânica, e os relatos dos comandantes legitimaram discursos sobre suas práticas de dominação.
Assistência à criança: preenchimento da caderneta de saúde em municípios do semiárido brasileiro
Authors: Costa Juvenal Soares Dias da , Cesar Juraci Almeida , Pattussi Marcos Paschoal , Fontoura Larissa Prado da , Barazzetti Lidiane , Nunes Marcelo Felipe , Gaedke Mari Ângela , Uebel Rosângela
Published: October 2014

Objetivos: determinar a proporção de crianças com cadernetas de saúde com preenchimento adequado e analisar associações com características geográficas, socioeconômicas e biológicas maternas e da criança e com o percentual de utilização de serviços de saúde em dois municípios do semi-árido brasileiro. Métodos: estudo transversal de base populacional com crianças até cinco anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante aplicação de questionários domiciliar entre julho e setembro de 2008. A presença de todos os registros na caderneta, relativos à identificação, crescimento, desenvolvimento e status vacinal da criança foi definida como preenchimento adequado. Calcularam-se as razões de prevalência brutas e ajustadas pela Regressão de Poisson, seguindo modelo hierarquizado. Resultados: entre as 342 crianças estudadas, 22,2% (IC95% 17,5 a 26,2) apresentavam cadernetas de saúde preenchidas de forma adequada. A alta escolaridade materna esteve associada a este evento, após ajuste do efeito das variáveis no modelo hierarquizado. Conclusões: os resultados demonstraram baixo percentual de cadernetas de saúde adequadamente preenchidas. A maior prevalência de cadernetas com preenchimento inadequado nas mães de baixa escolaridade pode denotar iniquidade no sistema de saúde local. O preenchimento adequado da caderneta um direito da criança, a sua inadequação indicou despreparo dos profissionais de saúde e dos pais às necessidades da atenção básica.
Fatores associados ao aleitamento materno nas diferentes Regiões do Brasil
Authors: Wenzel Daniela , Souza Sonia Buongermino de
Published: October 2014

Objetivos: identificar os fatores que determinam o aleitamento materno nas diferentes regiões do país. Métodos: os dados fazem parte da Pesquisa de Orçamento Familiar de 2002-2003 realizada no Brasil. A amostra foi de 2958 crianças de zero a um ano, representativas da população nacional. Um modelo de regressão linear (GLM) com família binomial e ligação logarítmica foi criado para cada região, com um intervalo de confiança de 90%. Resultados: o aumento do número de moradores no domicilio é o principal fator negativo para a amamentação em todas as regiões do Brasil. Foram considerados como fatores desfavoráveis, no conjunto da amostra: mães com idade avançada, ter quatro ou mais moradores no domicílio, maior renda, maior escolaridade materna e uso de creche. Os fatores favoráveis foram: ter dois ou mais filhos menores de cinco anos em casa e mães de cor preta ou parda. Conclusões: as regiões que apresentaram um número maior de fatores desfavoráveis ao aleitamento materno foram Sudeste e Sul, sendo que o maior número de moradores no domicílio foi a pior situação para a efetivação da amamentação nas regiões do Brasil.
Ectopia cordis: a case report
Authors: Dias Gonçalo Filipe Infante Mesquita , Santos Ana Vanessa dos Reis , Martins Cátia Filipa Cabrita Paixão , Ferreira Ana Paula Duarte , Fonseca Joaquim Marques Dinis da
Published: October 2014

Introduction: ectopia cordis is a rare congenital malformation, with an estimated incidence of 5 to 8 per million live births. It is defined as a malformation in which the heart is located in an extra-thoracic position. Ectopia cordis may occur as an isolated malformation or associated with other anomalies such as omphalocele, congenital heart disease or integrating Cantrell syndrome. The size and location of the defect influence the prognosis. Description: we report a case of a 24-year-old nulliparous woman, with no relevant family or personal history, in which the prenatal fetal ultrasound, performed at 21 weeks of gestation, revealed adefect of the anterior chest wall with exteriorization of the heart. Discussion: fetal echocardiography revealed a severe congenital heart disease. The parents decided to continue the pregnancy, after being duly informed by a multidisciplinary team. Delivery occurred at 37 weeks of gestation but the female newborn died one hour afterwards. Pathological examination confirmed the sonographic findings.
A new species of Hyphessobrycon Durbin(Characiformes: Characidae) from the rio Juruena basin, Central Brazil, with notes on H. loweae Costa & Géry
Authors: Ingenito Leonardo F. S. , Lima Flavio C. T. , Buckup Paulo A.
Published: October 2014

A new species of Hyphessobrycon, H. peugeoti, is described from the middle portions of the rio Juruena drainage, upper rio Tapajós basin, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. It can be distinguished from all congeners, with the exception of H. loweae and H. heliacus, by a filamentous elongation of the dorsal fin and the approximately straight margin of the anal fin in adult males. It can be distinguished from both H. loweae and H. heliacus by an overall red coloration in life (vs. a golden coloration in life in the latter). Additionally, it can be distinguished from H. heliacus by the lack of chevron-like dark markings along the midline (vs. presence of chevron-like dark-markings in H. heliacus), and from H. loweae by the presence of only five horizontal scale rows between the dorsal-fin origin and the lateral line (vs. 6-7 in H. loweae), and the higher number of branched anal-fin rays (21-24, modally 22, vs. 17-21, modally 20, in H. loweae). Additional meristic, morphometric, and distributional data are provided for Hyphessobrycon loweae, including its first record in the rio Araguaia/Tocantins basin. Comments on a putative monophyletic group including H. peugeoti, H. loweae, H. heliacus, H. elachys, and H. moniliger are presented.
Rediscovery, taxonomic and conservation status of the threatened catfish Listrura camposi (Miranda-Ribeiro) (Siluriformes: Trichomycteridae)
Authors: Villa-Verde Leandro , Lima Sergio M. Q. , Carvalho Pedro Hollanda , Pinna Mário C. C. de
Published: October 2014

The genus Listrura, Glanapteryginae, currently comprises six valid species of small and elongated trichomycterid catfishes that inhabit coastal plains of Southern and Southeastern Brazil. As primarily fossorial dwellers, species of the genus display unusual morphological adaptations and restricted habitats, which make these fishes particularly susceptible to environmental disturbance. Listrura camposi is poorly known and ranked as a Critically Endangered catfish species, according to current Brazilian list of threatened species. Description of the species was based on a single specimen collected in 1940, and for seven decades no additional specimens were reported. As a consequence, basic information about the species is unavailable. Recently, a population of L. camposi was found inhabiting a small stream tributary to rio Ribeira de Iguape basin, São Paulo State, relatively close to the type locality. On the basis of newly collected material, the species is redescribed and the first data on its habitat and ecology are presented. Conservation status is also discussed.
Spectrolebias brousseaui (Cyprinodontiformes: Rivulidae: Cynolebiatinae), a new annual fish from the upper río Mamoré basin, Bolivia
Authors: Nielsen Dalton Tavares Bressane
Published: October 2014

Spectrolebias brousseaui is described from a temporary pool from the upper río Mamoré basin, Departamento Santa Cruz, Bolivia. The new species is distinguished from all congeners, by the overall dark blue coloration on the posterior two-thirds of body with bright blue iridescent spots vertically aligned in males. Spectrolebias brousseaui differs from all other species of the genus, except S. filamentosus, for having pelvic fins separated by a space (vs. pelvic fins in contact), long filaments at the tip of the dorsal and anal fins in males (vs. absence of filaments or presence only on dorsal fin in S. semiocellatus and S. inaequipinnatus, or the presence on the anal fin in S. chacoensis), and presence of contact organs on the scales of the flanks in males (vs.absence of contact organs on flanks in all remaining Spectrolebias species).
Spatial and seasonal patterns in fish assemblage in Corrego Rico, upper Parana River basin
Authors: Takahashi Erico L. H , Rosa Fabricio R. T. , Langeani Francisco , Nakaghi Laura S. O.
Published: October 2014

The upper Paraná River basin drains areas of intensive industry and agriculture, suffering negative impacts. The Córrego Rico flows through sugar cane fields and receives urban wastewater. The aim of this work is to describe and to compare the fish assemblage structure in Córrego Rico. Six standardized bimonthly samples were collected between August 2008 and June 2009 in seven different stretches of Córrego Rico. Fishes were collected with an experimental seine and sieves, euthanized, fixed in formalin and preserved in ethanol for counting and identification. Data were recorded for water parameters, instream habitat and riparian features within each stretch. Non-metric multidimensional scaling, species richness and diversity analysis were performed to examine spatial and seasonal variation in assemblage structure. Fish assemblage structure was correlated with instream habitat and water parameters. The fish assemblage was divided in three groups: upper, middle and lower reaches. High values of richness and diversity were observed in the upper and lower stretches due to connectivity with a small lake and Mogi Guaçu River, respectively. Middle stretches showed low values of richness and diversity suggesting that a small dam in the middle stretch negatively impacts the fish assemblage. Seasonal differences in fish assemblage structure were observed only in the lower stretches.
Trophic organization and fish assemblage structure as disturbance indicators in headwater streams of lower Sorocaba River basin, Sao Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Cruz Bruna Botti , Teshima Fernanda Ayumi , Cetra Mauricio
Published: October 2014

Studies that investigate the relationship patterns between environmental structure complexity and fish fauna provide crucial information to stream restoration efforts. In order to test the hypothesis that streams with more complex environmental structure sustain more diverse and functionally more complex fish communities we sampled fish fauna from Sorocaba River headwater stream reaches (SE - Brazil). Reaches represented two distinct treatments: (1) a simplified reach, characterized by unstable fine substrate, clay, deeper channel and higher water velocity and (2) structurally complex reaches, characterized by coarse substrate, with gravel, pebble, rock, stems and branches and leaves inside the channel, producing a diverse pattern of microhabitat, associated with sequences of pools, runs, and riffles. Both trophic structure and taxonomic composition varied significantly between treatments. Invertivorous trophic group exclusively occurred in structurally complex reaches, which also presented greater diversity and species richness. We suggest enhancing in-stream environmental structure that suffered simplification processes due to human impacts in order to reestablish fish communities and ecossistemic functioning.
Acute toxicity of the water-soluble fraction of diesel in Prochilodus vimboidesKner (Characiformes: Prochilodontidae)
Authors: Santos Celina Alcoforado , Lenz Dominik , Brandão Geisamanda Pedrini , Chippari-Gomes Adriana Regina , Gomes Levy Carvalho
Published: October 2014

Diesel oil can be a source of contamination in aquatic environments, mainly as a result of spills. The effects of the water-soluble fraction of diesel (WSF) on Prochilodus vimboideswere assessed. Fish were exposed to three different WSF dilutions for up to 96 h and were compared to a control group. Damages in the fragments of DNA were analyzed using the Comet assay. The presence of erytrocyts abnormalities was assessed by micronucleus test. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity and the accumulation of copper in gills were also analyzed. Fish exposed for 96 h had higher rates of damage than those exposed for 24 h. There was no significant difference regarding the presence of micronuclei between exposed and control fish and between 24-h and 96-h exposures. For AST, no significant difference was observed between samples collected at the two exposure times. Fish exposed to a 1:100 dilution of WSF showed higher activity of the enzyme ALT than the control fish after a 24-h exposure period. There was no bioaccumulation of copper in the gills. We conclude that the genotoxic effects of WSF in the cells are more evident in P. vimboides during an acute exposure.
Mercury and stable isotopes (δ15N and δ13C) as tracers during the ontogeny of Trichiurus lepturus
Authors: Beneditto Ana Paula Madeira Di , Bittar Vanessa Trindade , Rezende Carlos Eduardo de , Camargo Plinio Barbosa , Kehrig Helena Amaral
Published: October 2014

This study applies total mercury (THg) concentration and stable isotope signature (δ15N and δ13C) to evaluate the trophic status and feeding ground of Trichiurus lepturus during its ontogeny in northern Rio de Janeiro, south-eastern Brazil. The trophic position of T. lepturus is detected well by THg and δ15N as the sub-adult planktivorous specimens are distinct from the adult carnivorous specimens. The δ13C signatures suggest a feeding ground associated with marine coastal waters that are shared by fish in different ontogenetic phases. The diet tracers indicated that the fish feeding habits do not vary along seasons of the year, probably reflecting the prey availability in the study area. This fish has economic importance and the concentration of THg was compared to World Health Organization limit, showing that the adult specimens of T. lepturus are very close to the tolerable limit for safe regular ingestion.
Quality of life in aphasia: differences between fluent and non-fluent aphasic Augmentative and Alternative Communication users
Authors: Bahia Mariana Mendes , Chun Regina Yu Shon
Published: October 2014

Purpose To investigate and to compare quality of life (QOL) in fluent and non-fluent aphasics. Methods This is a prospective, quantitative, and transversal study. We included 11 stroke patients with aphasia (five non-fluent aphasics augmentative and alternative communication users and six fluent aphasics). Data was gathered from the Stroke Specific Quality of Life Scale (SS-QOL), a structure interview, and The Modified Rankin Scale. Results The non-fluent aphasics presented poorer Rankin and quality of life than the fluent aphasics. The major difference occurred in the fields of language and upper extremity function. The three most affected domains in non-fluent aphasics were language, social roles, and thinking, whereas in the fluent aphasics were personality, social roles, and thinking. All the subjects referred a worse quality of life after stroke. The domains of language and self-care were identified as the most affected after stroke. Conclusion This study demonstrated that, in general, non-fluent aphasics have lower quality of life than fluent aphasics. However, this difference is not homogeneous among the several quality of life domains. Additionally, this research evidences a relationship between aphasia severity and individual functionality, implying impairment in quality of life, especially for non-fluent aphasics.
Spent nuclear fuel management options for the UAE
Authors: Al Bloushi Hesham , Beeley Philip A. , Kim Sung-yeop , Lee Kun Jai
Published: October 2014

The United Arab Emirates is presently formulating a nuclear waste management policy, an element of which relates to the management of spent nuclear fuels, and therefore an analytical assessment of published options is considered timely. This paper considers a suitable assessment methodology and presents a preliminary analysis of four options: reprocessing overseas, take-back by supplier, deep geological repository and deep boreholes disposal. Based on the analysis it is concluded that deep boreholes disposal is the most favourable option for the country. However, all four options have pros and cons and the analysis is sensitive to the sample sets and the sampling group. These issues are discussed further in the paper.
Use of fibre-optic sensors for simple assessment of ground surface displacements during tunnelling
Authors: HAUSWIRTH D. , PUZRIN A.M. , CARRERA A. , STANDING J.R. , WAN M.S.P.
Published: October 2014

Horizontal strains were measured with high precision during Crossrail tunnel excavation in central London by means of distributed fibre-optic sensors embedded in shallow transverse and longitudinal surface trenches. Validation of these measurements against manual micrometer stick readings demonstrates the benefits of the fibre-optic sensing: high precision at small strains; significantly smaller spatial resolution; and the possibility for automatised measurements over larger spans. In order to further capitalise on these advantages, two additional potential applications of the fibre-optic measurements were investigated: (a) independent assessment of the vertical ground displacements using transverse strain measurements and analytical settlement trough models; and (b) early prediction of the vertical and horizontal ground displacements, using transverse and longitudinal strain measurements and analytical settlement trough models. While understanding that a single case study can only form a basis for limited conclusions, both applications do appear to be feasible.
Periodontal Soft Tissue Root Coverage Procedures: A Consensus Report From the AAP Regeneration Workshop
Authors: Tatakis Dimitris N. , Chambrone Leandro , Allen Edward P. , Langer Burton , McGuire Michael K. , Richardson Christopher R. , Zabalegui Ion , Zadeh Homayoun H.
Published: October 2014

Background: Management of gingival recession defects, a common periodontal condition, using root coverage procedures is an important aspect of periodontal regenerative therapy. The goal of the periodontal soft tissue root coverage procedures group was to develop a consensus report based on the accompanying systematic review of root coverage procedures, including priorities for future research and identification of the best evidence available to manage different clinical scenarios.

Methods: The group reviewed and discussed the accompanying systematic review, which covered treatment of single‐tooth recession defects, multiple‐tooth recession defects, and additional focused questions on relevant clinical topics. The consensus group members submitted additional material for consideration by the group in advance and at the time of the meeting. The group also identified priorities for future research.

Results: All reviewed root coverage procedures provide significant reduction in recession depth, especially for Miller Class I and II recession defects. Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) procedures provide the best root coverage outcomes. Acellular dermal matrix graft (ADMG) or enamel matrix derivative (EMD) in conjunction with a coronally advanced flap (CAF) can serve as alternatives to autogenous donor tissue. Additional research is needed to do the following: 1) assess the treatment outcomes for multiple‐tooth recession defects, oral sites other than maxillary canine and premolar teeth, and Miller Class III and IV defects; 2) assess the role of patient‐ and site‐specific factors on procedure outcomes; and 3) obtain evidence on patient‐reported outcomes.

Conclusions: Predictable root coverage is possible for single‐tooth and multiple‐tooth recession defects, with SCTG procedures providing the best root coverage outcomes. Alternatives to SCTG are supported by evidence of varying strength. Additional research is needed on treatment outcomes for specific oral sites.

Clinical Recommendation: For Miller Class I and II single‐tooth recession defects, SCTG procedures provide the best outcomes, whereas ADMG or EMD in conjunction with CAF may be used as an alternative.
Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery, but Not Calorie Restriction, Reduces Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Obese Women Independent of Weight Loss or the Presence of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Lips Mirjam A. , Van Klinken Jan B. , van Harmelen Vanessa , Dharuri Harish K. , ’t Hoen Peter A.C. , Laros Jeroen F.J. , van Ommen Gert-Jan , Janssen Ignace M. , Van Ramshorst Bert , Van Wagensveld Bart A. , Swank Dingeman J. , Van Dielen Francois , Dane Adrie , Harms Amy , Vreeken Rob , Hankemeier Thomas , Smit Johannes W.A. , Pijl Hanno , Willems van Dijk Ko
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE

Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have been associated with increased levels of circulating branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) that may be involved in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance. However, weight loss has not been consistently associated with the reduction of BCAA levels.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We included 30 obese normal glucose-tolerant (NGT) subjects, 32 obese subjects with T2DM, and 12 lean female subjects. Obese subjects underwent either a restrictive procedure (gastric banding [GB], a very low-calorie diet [VLCD]), or a restrictive/bypass procedure (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] surgery). Fasting blood samples were taken for the determination of amine group containing metabolites 4 weeks before, as well as 3 weeks and 3 months after the intervention.

RESULTS

BCAA levels were higher in T2DM subjects, but not in NGT subjects, compared with lean subjects. Principal component (PC) analysis revealed a concise PC consisting of all BCAAs, which showed a correlation with measures of insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance. Only after the RYGB procedure, and at both 3 weeks and 3 months, were circulating BCAA levels reduced.

CONCLUSIONS

Our data confirm an association between deregulation of BCAA metabolism in plasma and insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Three weeks after undergoing RYGB surgery, a significant decrease in BCAAs in both NGT as well as T2DM subjects was observed. After 3 months, despite inducing significant weight loss, neither GB nor VLCD induced a reduction in BCAA levels. Our results indicate that the bypass procedure of RYGB surgery, independent of weight loss or the presence of T2DM, reduces BCAA levels in obese subjects.
Randomized Trial of Telephone Outreach to Improve Medication Adherence and Metabolic Control in Adults With Diabetes
Authors: O’Connor Patrick J. , Schmittdiel Julie A. , Pathak Ram D. , Harris Ronald I. , Newton Katherine M. , Ohnsorg Kris A. , Heisler Michele , Sterrett Andrew T. , Xu Stanley , Dyer Wendy T. , Raebel Marsha A. , Thomas Abraham , Schroeder Emily B. , Desai Jay R. , Steiner John F.
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE

Medication nonadherence is a major obstacle to better control of glucose, blood pressure (BP), and LDL cholesterol in adults with diabetes. Inexpensive effective strategies to increase medication adherence are needed.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In a pragmatic randomized trial, we randomly assigned 2,378 adults with diabetes mellitus who had recently been prescribed a new class of medication for treating elevated levels of glycated hemoglobin (A1C) ≥8% (64 mmol/mol), BP ≥140/90 mmHg, or LDL cholesterol ≥100 mg/dL, to receive 1) one scripted telephone call from a diabetes educator or clinical pharmacist to identify and address nonadherence to the new medication or 2) usual care. Hierarchical linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the impact on 1) the first medication fill within 60 days of the prescription; 2) two or more medication fills within 180 days of the prescription; and 3) clinically significant improvement in levels of A1C, BP, or LDL cholesterol.

RESULTS

Of the 2,378 subjects, 89.3% in the intervention group and 87.4% in the usual-care group had sufficient data to analyze study outcomes. In intent-to-treat analyses, intervention was not associated with significant improvement in primary adherence, medication persistence, or intermediate outcomes of care. Results were similar across subgroups of patients defined by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and study site, and when limiting the analysis to those who completed the intended intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

This low-intensity intervention did not significantly improve medication adherence or control of glucose, BP, or LDL cholesterol. Wide use of this strategy does not appear to be warranted; alternative approaches to identify and improve medication adherence and persistence are needed.
Collaborative Care Versus Screening and Follow-up for Patients With Diabetes and Depressive Symptoms: Results of a Primary Care–Based Comparative Effectiveness Trial
Authors: Johnson Jeffrey A. , Al Sayah Fatima , Wozniak Lisa , Rees Sandra , Soprovich Allison , Qiu Weiyu , Chik Constance L. , Chue Pierre , Florence Peter , Jacquier Jennifer , Lysak Pauline , Opgenorth Andrea , Katon Wayne , Majumdar Sumit R.
Published: October 2014

OBJECTIVE

Depressive symptoms are common and, when coexisting with diabetes, worsen outcomes and increase health care costs. We evaluated a nurse case-manager–based collaborative primary care team model to improve depressive symptoms in diabetic patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We conducted a controlled implementation trial in four nonmetropolitan primary care networks. Eligible patients had type 2 diabetes and screened positive for depressive symptoms, based on a Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ) score of ≥10. Patients were allocated using an “on-off” monthly time series. Intervention consisted of case-managers working 1:1 with patients to deliver individualized care. The main outcome was improvement in PHQ scores at 12 months. A concurrent cohort of 71 comparable patients was used as nonscreened usual care control subjects.

RESULTS

Of 1,924 patients screened, 476 (25%) had a PHQ score >10. Of these, 95 were allocated to intervention and 62 to active control. There were no baseline differences between groups: mean age was 57.8 years, 55% were women, and the mean PHQ score was 14.5 (SD 3.7). Intervention patients had greater 12-month improvements in PHQ (7.3 [SD 5.6]) compared with active-control subjects (5.2 [SD 5.7], P = 0.015). Recovery of depressive symptoms (i.e., PHQ reduced by 50%) was greater among intervention patients (61% vs. 44%, P = 0.03). Compared with trial patients, nonscreened control subjects had significantly less improvement at 12 months in the PHQ score (3.2 [SD 4.9]) and lower rates of recovery (24%, P < 0.05 for both).

CONCLUSIONS

In patients with type 2 diabetes who screened positive for depressive symptoms, collaborative care improved depressive symptoms, but physician notification and follow-up was also a clinically effective initial strategy compared with usual care.
Basic Comparison of the Properties of the Loop and Frotte Yarns, Woven and Knitted Fabrics
Authors: Ewa Grabowska Katarzyna , Ciesielska-Wróbel Izabela
Published: October 2014

Both loop fancy yarns and frotte fancy yarns belong to the group of yarns with continuous effects. The difference between frotte and loop yarn relies on the fact that the loop yarn is constructed with two core yarns and the frotte yarn is constructed with only one core yarn. The differences are evident in the shape of these two types of fancy yarns. These shape differences are the functions of the tensions of component yarns during the twisting process. The shape and construction of the fancy yarn influence its properties. The properties of loop and frotte fancy yarns, woven and knitted fabrics are compared in this article in order to find out the optimal yarn’s and fabric’s production condition to satisfy the final user and maintain low production costs. In terms of economy aspects only, the frotte fancy yarns are believed to be cheaper in production due to lower quantity of components utilize for their production to compare with loop fancy yarns, under conditions of the same settings of ring twisting frame.
Drop Impact on Textile Material: Effect of Fabric Properties
Authors: Romdhani Zouhaier , Baffoun Ayda , Hamdaoui Mohamed , Roudesli Sadok
Published: October 2014

This paper presents an experimental study of impact of water drop on a surface in a spreading regime with no splashing. Three surfaces were studied: virgin glass, coating film and woven cotton fabric at different construction parameters. All experiments were carried out using water drop with the same free fall high. Digidrop with high-resolution camera is used to measure the different parameters characterising this phenomenon. Results show an important effect of the height of the free fall on the drop profile and the spreading behaviour. An important drop deformation at the surface impact was observed. Then, fabric construction as the weft count deeply affects the drop impact. For plain weave, an increase of weft count causes a decrease in penetration and increase in the spreading rate. The same result was obtained for coated fabric. Therefore, the impact energy was modified and the drop shape was affected, which directly influenced the spreading rate.
Effect of Fabric Weave on Stick-Slip Properties of Woven Fabrics
Authors: Bilisik Kadir
Published: October 2014

The aim of this study was to understand the stick-slip properties of dry polyester plain, ribs and satin woven fabric weaves. It was found that the amount of stick-slip force was related to the number of interlacement points in the fabric, whereas the amount of accumulative retraction force was related to fabric structural response. Stick-slip force and accumulative retraction force depend on fabric weave, fabric density, the number of pulled ends in the fabric and fabric sample dimensions. The weft directional single and multiple yarn stick-slip and accumulative retraction forces of dry plain fabrics in fabric edge and centre regions were higher than those in the satin fabric due to fabric weave. In addition, the warp directional single and multiple yarn stick-slip and accumulative retraction forces in the meso-cell-1 to the meso-cell-6 of dry wide and long satin fabric in fabric edge were higher than those in the weft direction due to fabric density. Stick-slip and accumulative retraction forces of polyester fabric in the multiple yarn pull-out test were higher than those of the single yarn pull-out test.
Improving Thermo-Physiological Comfort of Polyester/Cotton Knits by Caustic and Cellulases Treatments
Authors: Nazir Ahsan , Hussain Tanveer , Zia Qummer , Afzal Muhammad Ali
Published: October 2014

Cotton is one of the most commonly used fibres for making knitwear. Some of the limitations of pure cotton knits include their tendency to shrink, relatively limited durability, and poor wash and wear properties. In order to overcome these limitations knitwear are also produced from polyester and cotton blends, however, at the cost of reduction in comfort properties. The objective of this study was to improve the thermo-physiological comfort properties of knits made from polyester/cotton (P/C) blends through simple chemical and biological treatments. The specimens of P/C knits were subjected to treatments with caustic soda solutions and the cellulase enzymes. It was found that the air permeability and perspiration management properties of P/C knits can be significantly improved by appropriate caustic treatment. However, the biological treatment with cellulase enzymes is comparatively less effective in making any improvement in the thermo-physiological comfort properties of P/C knits.
Structure-property relationships in mechanically stimulated Sorghum bicolor stalks
Authors: Lemloh Marie-Louise , Pohl Anna , Weber Eva , Zeiger Marco , Bauer Petra , Weiss Ingrid M. , Schneider Andreas S.
Published: October 2014

Mechanical properties of plants and underlying structure-property relationships are important for agricultural purposes as well as for biomimetic concepts. In this study, the effect of mechanical stimulation on morphology and bending properties of the stalk was investigated for Sorghum bicolor (Poaceae), a widely used drought-tolerant biomass grass. An experimental set-up allowing for defined growth and mechanical perturbation (flexing) during a defined growth period was designed. Mechanical properties of individual internodes of the stalk were determined by three-point bending tests. We found that the three investigated lines showed differences in their general bending strength in the non-stimulated condition. However, similar high range of bending strength values was measured for all plant lines after they underwent the mechanical stimulation procedure. The anatomy of internode cross-sections was examined to evaluate structure-property relationships. An increased thickness of the outer sclerenchymatous tissue was observed for internodes with higher bending strength values. Dried internodes fail under lower strains but showed higher bending strength. These findings show that mechanosensitivity in sorghum is dependent on genetic as well as environmental factors. The experimental system presented here offers new straight-forward possibilities for S. bicolor line selection for applications requiring mechanical strength of the stalk.
Aerosol Optical Properties of a Haze Episode in Wuhan Based on Ground-Based and Satellite Observations
Authors: Zhang Miao , Ma Yingying , Gong Wei , Zhu Zhongmin
Published: October 2014

A severe haze episode that occurred in Wuhan, central China, from 6–14 June 2012 was investigated using ground-based and satellite-derived observations, from which the optical properties and vertical distribution of the aerosols were obtained. The mass concentrations of PM2.5 and black carbon (BC) were 9.9 (332.79 versus 33.66 μg∙m−3) and 3.2 times (9.67 versus 2.99 μg∙m−3) greater, respectively, on haze days than during normal weather. The large aerosol loading contributed to the high values of the scattering (2.32 km−1) and absorption coefficients (0.086 km−1). Particle size became larger, consistent with the reduced scattering Ångström exponent. The high asymmetry parameter (0.65) and single scattering albedo (SSA) (0.97) observed in the haze, which coincided with the relatively low backscatter ratio (0.11) and up-scatter fraction (0.23), were related to the increased particle size, and could have had a heating effect on the atmosphere. Aerosols accumulated primarily below 3 km and according to CALIPSO, were regular in their shapes. At the surface, the aerosol extinction coefficient detected by satellite remained at ~1 km−1, very close to the ground-based observations. Aerosol optical properties measured at this downtown site could help further the understanding of the effects of aerosols on the air quality, city environment, and radiation balance.
Influence of Temperature on the Frictional Properties of Water-Lubricated Surfaces
Authors: Røn Troels , Lee Seunghwan
Published: October 2014

The influence of temperature on the lubricating properties of neat water for tribopairs with varying bulk elasticity moduli and surface hydrophilicity, namely hard-hydrophobic interface (h-HB), hard-hydrophilic interface (h-HL), soft-hydrophobic interface (s-HB), and soft-hydrophilic interface (s-HL), has been investigated. With increasing temperature, the coefficients of friction generally increased due to the decreasing viscosity of water. This change was more clearly manifested from soft interfaces for more feasible formation of lubricating films. Nevertheless, dominant lubrication mechanism appears to be boundary and mixed lubrication even for soft interfaces at all speeds (up to 1200 mm/s) and temperatures (1 to 90 °C) investigated. The results from this study are expected to provide a reference to explore the temperature-dependent tribological behavior of more complex aqueous lubricants, e.g., those involving various additives, for a variety of tribosystems.
Production of Liquid Metal Spheres by Molding
Authors: Mohammed Mohammed , Xenakis Alexis , Dickey Michael
Published: October 2014

This paper demonstrates a molding technique for producing spheres composed of eutectic gallium-indium (EGaIn) with diameters ranging from hundreds of microns to a couple millimeters. The technique starts by spreading EGaIn across an elastomeric sheet featuring cylindrical reservoirs defined by replica molding. The metal flows into these features during spreading. The spontaneous formation of a thin oxide layer on the liquid metal keeps the metal flush inside these reservoirs. Subsequent exposure to acid removes the oxide and causes the metal to bead up into a sphere with a size dictated by the volume of the reservoirs. This technique allows for the production and patterning of droplets with a wide range of volumes, from tens of nanoliters up to a few microliters. EGaIn spheres can be embedded or encased subsequently in polymer matrices using this technique. These spheres may be useful as solder bumps, electrodes, thermal contacts or components in microfluidic devices (valves, switches, pumps). The ease of parallel-processing and the ability to control the location of the droplets during their formation distinguishes this technique.