bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Behaviours involved in the role of victim and aggressor in bullying: Relationship with physical fitness in adolescents
Authors: Benítez-Sillero Juan de Dios , Corredor-Corredor Diego , Ortega-Ruiz Rosario , Córdoba-Alcaide Francisco
Published: November 2021

Physical fitness is related to well-being and health. Adolescence is a key period in the psychological and social development of the person, in which interpersonal relationships gain strength, being bullying a type of violence that can affect the personality of those involved. At present, there is not enough research to determine the relationships between bullying and physical condition. The purpose of this study is to find out if there are any relationships among physical fitness, victimisation, and aggression in bullying, and to identify these behaviours. This is a descriptive study done in 1035 adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (M = 14.67, SD = 1.49). The European Bullying Intervention Project Questionnaire (EBIPQ) scale was used, and anthropometric characteristics of weight and height were measured. In addition, physical fitness tests from the Eurofit battery, sit-and-reach, 30-second sit-ups, horizontal jump, manual dynamometry, and 20-meter Multistage Shuttle Run Test (SRT) were included. The relationships between variables were analysed using Spearman correlations, linear regressions, and ordinal regressions. The most relevant findings indicate an inverse relationship between being a victim of bullying and having a better cardiorespiratory cardiovascular endurance. These also show a direct relationship between being a bully and skeletal muscle strength measured through the horizontal jump, 30-second sit-ups, and manual dynamometry tests. Theoretically, we can conclude that physical condition can be considered a predictor to consider in bullying. Specifically, cardiorespiratory fitness, in addition to its multiple physical and mental benefits, may be a protective element against bullying victimisation. In contrast, muscular strength, especially in boys, may be an important predictor, especially in the physical component, of aggression in bullying.
Magnetic resonance colonography assessment of acute trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in pre-pubertal rats
Authors: Dupont-Lucas Claire , Marion-Letellier Rachel , Pala Mathilde , Guerin Charlène , Bôle-Feysot Christine , Salameh Emmeline , Goichon Alexis , Nicol Lionel , Aziz Moutaz , Savoye-Collet Céline , Savoye Guillaume
Published: November 2021

Pre-pubertal murine models of acute colitis are lacking. Magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) is a promising minimally invasive tool to assess colitis. We aimed to: 1/ Adapt a model of acute experimental colitis to pre-pubertal rats and determine whether MRC characteristics correlate with histological inflammation. 2/ Test this model by administering a diet supplemented in transforming growth factor β2 to reverse inflammation. Twenty-four rats were randomized at weaning to one of 3 groups: Trinitrobenzene Sulfonic Acid (TNBS) group (n = 8) fed a standard diet, that received an intra-rectal 60 mg/kg dose of TNBS-ethanol; Control group (n = 8) fed standard diet, that received a dose of intra-rectal PBS; TNBS+MODULEN group (n = 8) that received a dose of TNBS and were exclusively fed MODULEN-IBD® after induction of colitis. One week after induction of colitis, rats were assessed by MRC, colon histopathology and inflammation markers (Interleukin 1β, Tumor necrosis factor α, Nitric Oxide Synthase 2 and Cyclooxygenase 2). TNBS induced typical features of acute colitis on histopathology and MRC (increased colon wall thickness, increased colon intensity on T2-weighted images, target sign, ulcers). Treatment with MODULEN-IBD® did not reduce signs of colitis on MRC. Inflammatory marker expression did not differ among study groups.
Diagnostic accuracy of adenosine deaminase for pleural tuberculosis in a low prevalence setting: A machine learning approach within a 7-year prospective multi-center study
Authors: Garcia-Zamalloa Alberto , Vicente Diego , Arnay Rafael , Arrospide Arantzazu , Taboada Jorge , Castilla-Rodríguez Iván , Aguirre Urko , Múgica Nekane , Aldama Ladislao , Aguinagalde Borja , Jimenez Montserrat , Bikuña Edurne , Basauri Miren Begoña , Alonso Marta , Perez-Trallero Emilio ,   with the Gipuzkoa Pleura Group Consortium
Published: November 2021

Objective

To analyze the performance of adenosine deaminase in pleural fluid combined with other parameters routinely measured in clinical practice and assisted by machine learning algorithms for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis in a low prevalence setting, and secondly, to identify effusions that are non-tuberculous and most likely malignant.

Patients and methods

We prospectively analyzed 230 consecutive patients diagnosed with lymphocytic exudative pleural effusion from March 2013 to June 2020. Diagnosis according to the composite reference standard was achieved in all cases. Pre-test probability of pleural tuberculosis was 3.8% throughout the study period. Parameters included were: levels of adenosine deaminase, pH, glucose, proteins, and lactate dehydrogenase, red and white cell counts and lymphocyte percentage in pleural fluid, as well as age. We tested six different machine learning-based classifiers to categorize the patients. Two different classifications were performed: a) tuberculous/non-tuberculous and b) tuberculous/malignant/other.

Results

Out of a total of 230 patients with pleural effusion included in the study, 124 were diagnosed with malignant effusion and 44 with pleural tuberculosis, while 62 were given other diagnoses. In the tuberculous/non-tuberculous classification, and taking into account the validation predictions, the support vector machine yielded the best result: an AUC of 0.98, accuracy of 97%, sensitivity of 91%, and specificity of 98%, whilst in the tuberculous/malignant/other classification, this type of classifier yielded an overall accuracy of 80%. With this three-class classifier, the same sensitivity and specificity was achieved in the tuberculous/other classification, but it also allowed the correct classification of 90% of malignant cases.

Conclusion

The level of adenosine deaminase in pleural fluid together with cell count, other routine biochemical parameters and age, combined with a machine-learning approach, is suitable for the diagnosis of pleural tuberculosis in a low prevalence scenario. Secondly, non-tuberculous effusions that are suspected to be malignant may also be identified with adequate accuracy.
Development and testing of an explorative BPM acceptance model: Insights from the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Ahmad Tahir , Van Looy Amy
Published: November 2021

When emerging technologies transform an organization’s way of working, explorative business process management (BPM) becomes a new challenge. Although digital innovations can boost process efficacy and business productivity, employees do not necessarily accept the implied work changes. We therefore looked at the increased digitalization efforts during the COVID-19 lockdowns, during which employees were forced to drastically rethink work by heavily depending on technology for communication and almost all business tasks. This global setting allowed us to scrutinize disruptive work changes and how employees can cope with disruptive work adaptations. We also looked into the explorative skillset needed to adapt to these changes. To theorize about an explorative BPM acceptance model, eleven hypotheses were supported based on a solid theoretical foundation. We followed a quantitative research design using partial least squares for structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) at the university administration settings in two regions, including purposive sampling. Data analysis covered both a measurement model assessment and structural model assessment. Our findings reveal that employees’ perceived work modalities, feeling creative and feeling flexible are more promising features than perceived influence and attitude related to explorative work and skill development. We also offer novel insights into explorative business process management (BPM) skills, and which skills are more productive in uncertain or dynamic working conditions. This research is a learning path for managers struggling with flexible or competitive business environments, and more specifically to facilitate employee willingness.
BOLD signal response in primary visual cortex to flickering checkerboard increases with stimulus temporal frequency in older adults
Authors: Uchiyama Yuji , Sakai Hiroyuki , Ando Takafumi , Tachibana Atsumichi , Sadato Norihiro
Published: November 2021

Many older adults have difficulty seeing brief visual stimuli which younger adults can easily recognize. The primary visual cortex (V1) may induce this difficulty. However, in neuroimaging studies, the V1 response change to the increase of temporal frequency of visual stimulus in older adults was unclear. Here we investigated the association between the temporal frequency of flickering stimuli and the BOLD activity within V1 in older adults, using surface-based fMRI analysis. The fMRI data from 29 healthy older participants stimulated by contrast-reversing checkerboard at temporal flicker frequencies of 2, 4, and 8 Hz were obtained. The participants also performed a useful field of view (UFOV) test. The slope coefficient of BOLD activity regarding the temporal frequency of the visual stimulus averaged within V1 regions of interest was positive and significantly different from zero. Group analysis in the V1 showed significant clusters with positive slope and no significant clusters with a negative slope. The correlation coefficient between the slope coefficient and UFOV performance was not significant. The results indicated that V1 BOLD response to a flickering visual stimulus increases as the stimulus temporal frequency increases from 2 to 8 Hz in older adults.
Wealth disparities and economic flow: Assessment using an asset exchange model with the surplus stock of the wealthy
Authors: Kato Takeshi , Hiroi Yoshinori
Published: November 2021

How can we limit wealth disparities while stimulating economic flows in sustainable societies? To examine the link between these concepts, we propose an econophysics asset exchange model with the surplus stock of the wealthy. The wealthy are one of the two exchange agents and have more assets than the poor. Our simulation model converts the surplus contribution rate of the wealthy to a new variable parameter alongside the saving rate and introduces the total exchange (flow) and rank correlation coefficient (metabolism) as new evaluation indexes, adding to the Gini index (disparities), thereby assessing both wealth distribution and the relationships among the disparities, flow, and metabolism. We show that these result in a gamma-like wealth distribution, and our model reveals a trade-off between limiting disparities and vitalizing the market. To limit disparities and increase flow and metabolism, we also find the need to restrain savings and use the wealthy surplus stock. This relationship is explicitly expressed in the new equation introduced herein. The insights gained by uncovering the root of disparities may present a persuasive case for investments in social security measures or social businesses involving stock redistribution or sharing.
Heart rate variability and psychosocial symptoms in adolescents and young adults with cancer
Authors: Taylor Mallory R. , Garrison Michelle M. , Rosenberg Abby R.
Published: November 2021

Background

Heart Rate Variability (HRV) is a valid, scalable biomarker of stress. We aimed to examine associations between HRV and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer.

Methods

This was a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomized trial testing a resilience intervention in AYAs with cancer. Two widely used HRV metrics, the standard deviation of normal to normal beats (SDNN) and root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), were derived from electrocardiograms. Patient-reported outcome (PRO) survey measures included quality of life, anxiety, depression, distress, and resilience. Linear regression models were used to test associations between HRV and PRO scores. The Wilcoxon rank sum test was used to test differences in median HRV values among participant subgroups.

Results

Among the n = 76 patients with available electrocardiograms, the mean age was 16 years (SD 3y), 63% were white, and leukemia/lymphoma was the most common diagnosis. Compared to healthy adolescents, AYAs with cancer had lower median HRV (SDNN [Females: 31.9 (12.8–50.7) vs 66.4 (46.0–86.8), p<0.01; Males: 29.9 (11.5–47.9) vs 63.2 (48.4–84.6), p<0.01]; RMSSD [Females: 28.2 (11.1–45.5) vs 69.0 (49.1–99.6), p<0.01; Males: 27.9 (8.6–48.6) vs 58.7 (44.8–88.2), p<0.01]). There was no statistically significant association between PRO measures and SDNN or RMSSD in either an unadjusted or adjusted linear regression models.

Conclusion

In this secondary analysis, we did not find an association between HRV and psychosocial PROs among AYAs with cancer. HRV measures were lower than for healthy adolescents. Larger prospective studies in AYA biopsychosocial research are needed.
Individual and community-level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men: Further analysis of the Ethiopian demographic and health survey
Authors: Tekalegn Yohannes , Engida Zinash Teferu , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Rogers Heather L. , Seyoum Kenbon , Woldeyohannes Demelash , Legese Birhan , Ayele Tadesse Awoke
Published: November 2021

Background

Overweight and obesity have become a serious public health problem in both developed and developing countries, particularly in urban areas. However, there are limited studies conducted to identify the risk factors of overweight and obesity in Ethiopia, especially among men. Therefore, this study aimed to assess individual and community level determinants of overweight and obesity among urban men in Ethiopia.

Methods

This study used the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) data. A weighted sample of 2259 urban men aged 15–59 years were included in this analysis. A multilevel logistic regression model was used to assess the determinants of overweight and obesity among the study participants.

Results

Men aged 30–44 years old (AOR = 3.1, 95% CI: 2.3–4.11), 45–59 years old (AOR = 4.8, 95% CI: 3.4–6.9), married (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.3–2.2), with secondary education (AOR = 2.7, 95% CI: 1.6–4.7), with higher education (AOR = 3.6, 95% CI: 2.1–6.2), watching television at least once a week (AOR = 1.7, 95% CI: 1.1–2.7), being from high rich communities (AOR = 2.4, 95% CI: 1.5–3.7), and living in three metropolises (Addis Ababa, Harari, Diredawa) were more likely to be overweight or obese (AOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.1–2.9). However, currently unemployed men were less likely to be overweight or obese (AOR = 0.5, 95% CI: 0.3–0.7).

Conclusion

Being older age, being married, having higher educational status, having higher frequency of watching television, being residents of three metropolises (Addis Ababa, Harari, and Diredawa), and being from high rich communities were found to be predictors of overweight and obesity in Ethiopian men. Therefore, it is essential to design strategies and programs to reduce or prevent overweight and obesity with special focus on the identified risk factors.
Association of nasal septal deviation with the incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine: A national population-based study
Authors: Lee Ki-Il , In Seung Min , Kim Jong-Yeup , Hong Jee-Young , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Jung-Soo , Jung Yong Gi
Published: November 2021

Background & aims

Nasal obstruction caused by nasal septal deviation is very bothersome and, therefore, can affect the patient’s emotional state. However, little is known about the effect of nasal septal deviation (NSD) on the neuropsychiatric aspects of patients. Therefore, this study aims to verify the higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine in patients diagnosed with NSD compared to general populations using big data.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study collected subjects from the Korean National Health Insurance Service (NHIS) database. Adjustments were made to minimize the confounding of variables for age, sex, residence type, income levels, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, rhinitis, and chronic rhinosinusitis between the two groups. The primary endpoint of this study was newly diagnosed anxiety, depression, and migraine between January 2009 and December 2018. Kaplan-Meier survival curves, logarithmic rank test, and Cox proportional regression test were used for statistical analysis.

Results

Among a total of 135,769 subjects in the NHIS database, 48,495 patients with NSD (NSD group) and 54,475 control subjects (control group) were selected. Patients with NSD had an increased risk of anxiety, depression, and migraine compared to the control group. In the NSD group, the adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were 1.236 (95% CI, 1.198–1.276) for anxiety, 1.289 (95% CI, 1.238–1.343) for depression, and 1.251 (95% CI, 1.214–1.290) for migraine.

Conclusion

NSD is associated with a higher incidence of anxiety, depression, and migraine. Therefore, it is suggested that physicians carefully consider psychoneurological distress and employ therapeutic strategies to minimize these conditions.
University engagement of dental students related to educational environment: A transnational study
Authors: Presoto Cristina Dupim , Wajngarten Danielle , dos Santos Domingos Patrícia Aleixo , Botta Ana Carolina , Campos Juliana Alvares Duarte Bonini , Pazos Júlia Margato , Garcia Patrícia Petromilli Nordi Sasso
Published: November 2021

Objectives

To investigate the validity and reliability of the University Student Engagement Inventory (USEI) in its complete and reduced versions with Brazilian and USA students, and to evaluate the influence of gender and academic level on students’ university engagement in both countries.

Methods

A cross-sectional observational study with a non-probability sample was conducted. The sample comprised dental students of both genders, 154 from a university in New York, USA (response rate 91.1%) and 459 from two universities in Brazil (response rate 79.1%). University engagement was measured using the USEI. The samples were characterized by gender and academic level.

Results

The refined reduced version of the USEI presented adequate fit to the samples from both countries. Gender was associated with the behavioral engagement factor of the USEI in Brazilian students. In the USA sample, gender was associated with the behavioral and cognitive engagement factors. There was a significant effect of academic level on behavioral and emotional engagement for the Brazilian and USA samples, respectively.

Conclusion

The refined reduced USEI presented adequate psychometric qualities for the study samples.
Characterization of pea seed nutritional value within a diverse population of Pisum sativum
Authors: Hacisalihoglu Gokhan , Beisel Nicole S. , Settles A. Mark
Published: November 2021

Micronutrient malnutrition is a global concern that affects more than two billion people worldwide. Pea (Pisum sativum) is a nutritious pulse crop with potential to assist in tackling hidden hunger. Here we report seed ionomic data of 96 diverse pea accessions collected via inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). We found a 100 g serving of peas provides the following average percent daily value for U.S. recommendations: 8% Ca, 39% Mg, 73% Cu, 37% Fe, 63% Mn, 45% Zn, 28% K, and 43% P. Correlations were observed between the majority of minerals tested suggesting strong interrelationships between mineral concentration levels. Hierarchical clustering identified fifteen accessions with high-ranking mineral concentrations. Thirty accessions could be compared to earlier inductively coupled optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) data, which revealed significant differences particularly for elements at extreme low or high levels of accumulation. These results improve our understanding of the range of variation in mineral content found in peas and provide additional mineral data resources for germplasm selection.
Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA in depressive disorders
Authors: Fernström Johan , Ohlsson Lars , Asp Marie , Lavant Eva , Holck Amanda , Grudet Cécile , Westrin Åsa , Lindqvist Daniel
Published: November 2021

Background

Plasma circulating cell-free mitochondrial DNA (ccf-mtDNA) is an immunogenic molecule and a novel biomarker of psychiatric disorders. Some previous studies reported increased levels of ccf-mtDNA in unmedicated depression and recent suicide attempters, while other studies found unchanged or decreased ccf-mtDNA levels in depression. Inconsistent findings across studies may be explained by small sample sizes and between-study variations in somatic and psychiatric co-morbidity or medication status.

Methods

We measured plasma ccf-mtDNA in a cohort of 281 patients with depressive disorders and 49 healthy controls. Ninety-three percent of all patients were treated with one or several psychotropic medications. Thirty-six percent had a personality disorder, 13% bipolar disorder. All analyses involving ccf-mtDNA were a priori adjusted for age and sex.

Results

Mean levels in ccf-mtDNA were significantly different between patients with a current depressive episode (n = 236), remitted depressive episode (n = 45) and healthy controls (n = 49) (f = 8.3, p<0.001). Post-hoc tests revealed that both patients with current (p<0.001) and remitted (p = 0.002) depression had lower ccf-mtDNA compared to controls. Within the depressed group there was a positive correlation between ccf-mtDNA and “inflammatory depression symptoms” (r = 0.15, p = 0.02). We also found that treatment with mood stabilizers lamotrigine, valproic acid or lithium was associated with lower ccf-mtDNA (f = 8.1, p = 0.005).

Discussion

Decreased plasma ccf-mtDNA in difficult-to-treat depression may be partly explained by concurrent psychotropic medications and co-morbidity. Our findings suggest that ccf-mtDNA may be differentially regulated in different subtypes of depression, and this hypothesis should be pursued in future studies.
Reduced SOD2 expression does not influence prion disease course or pathology in mice
Authors: Foliaki Simote T. , Race Brent , Williams Katie , Baune Chase , Groveman Bradley R. , Haigh Cathryn L.
Published: November 2021

Prion diseases are progressive, neurodegenerative diseases affecting humans and animals. Also known as the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, for the hallmark spongiform change seen in the brain, these diseases manifest increased oxidative damage early in disease and changes in antioxidant enzymes in terminal brain tissue. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) is an antioxidant enzyme that is critical for life. SOD2 knock-out mice can only be kept alive for several weeks post-birth and only with antioxidant therapy. However, this results in the development of a spongiform encephalopathy. Consequently, we hypothesized that reduced levels of SOD2 may accelerate prion disease progression and play a critical role in the formation of spongiform change. Using SOD2 heterozygous knock-out and litter mate wild-type controls, we examined neuronal long-term potentiation, disease duration, pathology, and degree of spongiform change in mice infected with three strains of mouse adapted scrapie. No influence of the reduced SOD2 expression was observed in any parameter measured for any strain. We conclude that changes relating to SOD2 during prion disease are most likely secondary to the disease processes causing toxicity and do not influence the development of spongiform pathology.
Continuing Medical Education Questions: November 2021
Authors: Chahal Prabhleen , Saleh Mohannad Abou
Published: November 2021

Article Title: Results From Up-Front Esophageal Testing Predicts PPI Response in Patients With Chronic Cough
Kultur als Transformation
Authors: Düllo Thomas
Published: November 2021

»Transformation« bezeichnet einen gesellschaftlichen und kulturellen Wandlungstyp von unterschiedlicher Stärke und Radikalität - ein Wandel, der den Betroffenen ein Umdenken bisheriger Orientierungen abnötigt. Das kulturelle Programm, das diese Orientierung formuliert und als mentales Muster in uns abgelegt ist, ist zugleich beharrlich und formbar, stets gefordert, sich neu aufzustellen. Erstmalig liegt mit diesem Buch eine kulturwissenschaftliche Transformationsforschung vor - nah an den Praktiken und Kompetenzen der Akteure, an den zirkulierenden Energien der kulturellen Felder und im Kontext verzweigter Diskurse. Thomas Düllo zeigt zudem, wie sich eine anwendungsorientierte und den Cultural Studies verpflichtete Kulturwissenschaft mittels des performativen Transformationsprinzips aufstellen kann.
Ratio-Legal Fazlur Rahman's Hermeneutics and Its Influence on Sisters-In-Islam
Authors: Abdul Majid Latifah , Nayan Sharifah
Published: November 2021

Scholars of exegesis (interpretation) are unanimous on the method of interpreting al-Quran and Sunnah. However, Fazlur Rahman proposed a modern method of interpretation by applying hermeneutics. He held that this method is to obtain the universal moral values. His assumption is based on the need for al-Quran to be interpreted in a socio-historical context in order to obtain the reasons and purpose of the revealed text and its moral objectives. Fazlur Rahman’s method of interpretation and analysis has its influence on the Sisters-in-Islam (SIS) group.  The objective of this article is to evaluate Fazlur Rahman’s method of interpretation and analyse the influences of Fazlur Rahman’s method determine on women’s issues by the SIS group. This is a qualitative research which uses content analysis approach. Research results demonstrated that SIS have adopted Fazlur Rahman’s hermeneutics in expressing their ideas.
Datawhys Phase 1: Problem Solving to Facilitate Data Science & STEM Learning Among Summer Interns
Authors: Payne Linda Ann , Tawfik Andrew , Olney Andrew
Published: November 2021

This design case details a data science summer learning experience designed by University of Memphis faculty for HBCU students (NSF #: 1918751) with recruiting assistance provided by LeMoyne-Owen College. The summer learning experience included elements of didactic and collaborative problem-solving during the first five weeks of the internship, followed by a three-week, team-based, problem-solving project using real-world data. While the course was originally designed as a face-to-face learning experience, the impact of COVID-19 necessitated a shift toward online digital spaces. The design case details the opportunities and challenges of STEM online learning and especially underscores the limitations of (a) existing data science technologies for instruction, (b) the shift toward instructional design of materials that supported more self-directed learning, and (c) collaborative problem-solving. Implications for design and practice are also considered.
”och mymlan flög / och mjölken for”
Authors: Alfredsson Johan
Published: November 2021

The Child Readers and Poetry in Tove Jansson’s Picturebook The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My

Abstract: Tove Jansson’s picturebook Hur gick det sen? Boken om Mymlan, Mumintrollet och lilla My (The Book about Moomin, Mymble and Little My) from 1952 is a book which makes use of its material aspects in many regards, employing the interactivity of the picturebook format to its maximum. Given the fact that it is written in verse, and is considered a classic by all means, it is surprising to find that the function that poetry plays within the book has been scarcely explored in prior research. By examining how the format of this particular picturebook guides the manner in which the child reader experiences it, and by studying the function of poetry within that framework, the article shows that poetry potentially plays a vital role in how child readers make sense of it. In particular, the role of poetry manifests itself as an opportunity for child readers to – at their own pace, and in their own manner – deal with the delicate balance between the attachmentseeking struggles of the anxious character of Moomin, on the one hand, and the exploratory individuation of the adventurous character of Little My, on the other. Through these examinations, the article demonstrates how the use of poetry can facilitate an emancipatory opportunity for child readers within picturebooks – and how this potential is ever-present within the format and the reading situation of picturebooks for children in general.
Bibliotheken und die Umsetzung der UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development
Authors: Mittelmeier Michael
Published: November 2021

Mit der Agenda 2030 und den darin postulierten Nachhaltigkeitsziele stellen die Vereinten Nationen eine Vision dar, wie die Welt im Jahr 2030 aussehen soll. Auch der Bibliotheks-Weltverband IFLA und die UNESCO waren an der Entwicklung der Agenda beteiligt und konnten die für sie wichtigsten Punkte durchsetzen. Bei der Umsetzung dieser Ziele spielen Bibliotheken eine wichtige Rolle, wie zahlreiche Projekte im In- und Ausland zeigen. Jedoch sind sie nur ein Puzzlestück des großen Ganzen, um die Ziele der Agenda 2030 auch nur annähernd zu erreichen.
Errors in controlling cars cause tragic accidents involving motorcyclists
Authors: Wrona Rafał , Rybicka Iwona
Published: November 2021

The article deals with the issue of road safety and the threats caused by unexpected maneuvers of passenger cars pulling into the opposite lane, directly in front of an oncoming two-wheeler. The first part discusses the legal regulations that apply to vehicle drivers. In the second part, road accidents are presented, while in the next part, examples of road accidents are analyzed in terms of their causes. The article deals with the causes of road accidents. The tragic consequences of the analyzed accidents require this problem to be addressed in research. This is especially true of the question of why car drivers usually notice only an oncoming car and not a two-wheeled vehicle?
YUMURTA İKAMESİ OLARAK KULLANILAN ÇİYA VE KETEN TOHUMU JELİNİN PANKEK HAMURU REOLOJİSİ VE ÜRÜN ÖZELLİKLERİ ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNİN İNCELENMESİ
Authors: ERKOÇ Selen , ÖZCAN İpek , ÖZYİĞİT Esra , KUMCUOĞLU Seher , TAVMAN Şebnem
Published: November 2021

Bu çalışmada, yumurta beyazı ikamesi olarak çiya ve keten tohumu jeli ilavesinin pankek hamurunun reolojik özellikleri ve pankek örneklerinin bazı kalite özellikleri üzerine etkileri incelenmiştir. Çiya ve keten tohumu jeli yumurta beyazı ikamesi olarak iki farklı oranda (%50, %100) kullanılmıştır. Pankek hamurlarının akış davranışlarının üssel model ile açıklanabildiği (R2=0.987-0.998) ve örneklerin kayma ile incelen davranış gösterdiği saptanmıştır. Çiya ve keten tohumu jelinin kullanımıyla elastik (Gˈ) ve viskoz modül (G") değerlerinin arttığı görülmüştür. Çiya ve keten tohumu jeli oranının artmasıyla örneklerin protein içeriğinin azaldığı (P <0.05) belirlenmiştir. Taramalı elektron mikroskobu görüntülerinden formülasyondaki çiya ve keten tohumu jeli oranlarının artmasıyla örneklerdeki gözenekliliğin azaldığı ve çiya tohumu jelinin artmasıyla örneklerin daha katmanlı ve kırılgan bir yapı gösterdiği gözlemlenmiştir.
Performance Improvement of Suspension Characteristics by Implementation of Active Suspension System in Two Wheelers
Authors: A BACKIYARAJ , Parthasarathy M. , Murugu Nachippan N. , Kumaran T.
Published: November 2021

New and better two-wheel models have increased demand today, with increased protection, comfort and performance. The human body gets exhausted, which contributes to back pain and neck pain because of the excessive use of bikes, wrong riding positions, poor weather and suspension system issues. The systems engineer would focus on the design of the vehicle suspension mechanism to minimise human discomfort. This research aims to study the feasibility of implementing a suspension system with active suspension for a two-wheeler by way of numerical modelling, simulation and analysis. First of all, the active suspension system for a 2 DOF system is modelled and analysed. The analysis done is frequency response analysis and time-domain analysis. The time-domain analysis is done using two road inputs; one is a bump input, which is designed according to the standards, and the other is a random road input. Then the two-wheelers were modelled as a 4 DOF model. The controller is modelled using optimal control theory. A linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller is used because the system is assumed to have linear characteristics and the cost function of the system is quadratic. It is observed that suspension characteristics are improved by using the active suspension system in two-wheelers.
Redesigning Post-Operative Processes Using Data Mining Classification Techniques
Authors:   Department of Computing, University of Worceter, Henwick Grove, WR2 6AJ, UK, Ghazi Alwattar Hayder
Published: November 2021

Data mining classification models are developed and investigated in this paper. These models are adopted to develop and redesign several business processes based on post-operative data. Post-operative data were collected and used via the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA), to investigate the factors influencing patients’ admission after surgery and compare the developed DM classification models. The results reveal that each implemented DM technique entails different attributes affecting patients’ post-surgery admission status. The comparison suggests that neural networks outperform other classification techniques. Further, the optimal number of beds required to accommodate post-operative patients is investigated. The simulation was conducted using queuing theory software to compute the expected number of beds required to achieve zero waiting time. The results indicate that the number of beds required to accommodate post-surgery patients waiting in the queue is the length of 1, which means that one bed will be available due to patient discharge.
BRAF V600E mutation in papillary thyroid carcinoma: it’s relation to clinical features and oncologic outcomes in a single cancer centre experience
Authors: Al-Masri Mahmoud , Al-Shobaki Tawfiq , Al-Najjar Hani , Iskanderian Rafal , Younis Enas , Abdallah Niveen , Tbakhi Abdelghani , Haddad Hussam , Al-Masri Mohammad , Obeid Zeinab , Jarrar Awad
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This study focuses on the oncologic influence of BRAF V600E mutations in a cohort of Middle Eastern papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients treated at a single centre. We tested the association of BRAF V600E mutation with papillary thyroid carcinoma at King Hussein Cancer Center.

Methods

Patients with histologically confirmed PTC who underwent surgical treatment between 2006 and 2015 were included in this study. Oncological outcomes, both short- and long-termed, were collected.

Results

A total of 128 patients (68% females) were included in this study with a mean age of 38 years (±13.8). The median follow-up period was 50 months. The BRAF V600E mutation was found in 71% of patients. The tumour size for patients with a negative BRAF V600E mutation was significantly larger in comparison to patients who tested positive for the mutation (3.47 cm vs 2.31 cm, respectively, P = 0.009). The two groups showed similar disease-free survival (DFS) rates; positive = 75% (median 43 months (0–168)) compared to 78% for the negative BRAF V600E mutation (median 38 months (3–142)) (P = 0.162, HR = 0.731) Furthermore, both groups showed similar overall survival rates, positive = 94.5% (median 56 months (0–228)) compared to 94.6% for the negative BRAF V600E mutation (median 43 months (3–157)) (P = 0.941, HR = 0.940).

Conclusion

BRAF V600E mutation had no effect on loco-regional recurrence, distant metastasis, overall survival, or DFS. These findings may be attributed to geographic variations or reflect that BRAF V600E may only serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in high-risk group as such.
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in a Patient with Liver Cirrhosis: Gastroesophageal Varices Are not Always to Blame
Authors: Dias Emanuel , Azevedo Fernando , Afonso Ana , Macedo Guilherme
Published: November 2021

A 45-year-old male with active alcoholism and liver cirrhosis was brought to emergency room with hypovolemic shock in context of diarrhea and melena. He presented with hemodynamic instability, hyperlactatemia and anemia. Aggressive supportive therapy with vasopressor support, packed red blood cell transfusion and intra-venous proton pump inhibitor was started. Upper digestive endoscopy revealed diffuse circumferential black discoloration of middle and distal esophagus with areas of linear ulceration and mucosal sloughing, consistent with acute esophageal necrosis. There was no evidence of esophageal varices. Abdominal computerized tomography scan revealed concomitant extensive bowel ischemia involving small and large bowel. Despite supportive measures, the disease had a fulminant evolution and the patient died after a few hours. Acute esophageal necrosis is defined endoscopically by diffuse and circumferential black mucosal discoloration of distal esophagus with abrupt transition at gastroesophageal junction and variable proximal extension. It is more common in older males with general debilitation and multiple comorbidities and typically presents with hematemesis or melena. An association with liver cirrhosis is well established, probably related to a state of malnutrition that decreases esophageal mucosal defenses and impairs regenerative ability. This case demonstrates that, although gastroesophageal varices and peptic ulcer bleeding are the most common sources of gastrointestinal bleeding in cirrhotic patients, acute esophageal necrosis must also be considered, particularly in the setting of hemodynamic instability.
Negative Effects of Endoscopists’ Fatigue on Colonoscopy Quality on 34,022 Screening Colonoscopies
Authors: Dong Zhiyu , Wang Junwen , Chen Ying , Sun Huihui , Li Bo , Zhang Qiongmei , Sun Kejing , Wang Zhenxiang , Qian Xue , Zhan Tingting , Jiang Yuanxi , Xu Shuchang
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: There is still considerable controversy surrounding the relationship between fatigue of endoscopists and the quality of colonoscopy. The aim of this study is to comprehensively explore the association between fatigue and adenoma detection rate (ADR) and cecal intubation rate (CIR).

Methods: The mixed effects logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between fatigue- related factors including procedure order, session of procedures and the day of week and ADR as well as CIR.

Results: When controlling for confounders, the day of week (Monday as reference, Friday, p=0.022; weekends, p=0.015) and session of procedures (P<0.001) were significantly associated with ADR while procedure order (<5 as reference, 6-10, p<0.001; >10, p=0.001) and session of procedures (p=0.004) were independent predictors for CIR. Additionally, there was a significant downward trend on ADR and CIR with the approaching of weekends (p=0.005) and increasing procedure orders (p<0.001), respectively. In the subgroup analysis stratified by gender, age and workload intensity, significant lower ADR was found in the afternoon in all subgroups (male, p<0.001; female, p=0.005; <40 years, p<0.001; ≥40 years, p=0.020; intensity<50 per month, p=0.017; intensity≥50 per month, p<0.001) but the downward trend on ADR as the week progressed was only found in endoscopists with male gender (p=0.011), age<40 (p=0.027) and high workload intensity (p=0.003). Moreover, a significant downward trend on CIR as the procedure order increased was found in all subgroups except endoscopists with age≥40 (male, p=0.005; female, p<0.001; <40 years, p<0.001; intensity<50 per month, p=0.001; intensity≥50 per month, p<0.001).

Conclusions: Colonoscopies in the afternoon will affect ADR negatively while increasing procedure order will cause a lower CIR. Importantly, the significant negative influence of Friday and weekends on ADR was first discovered in this study. Moreover, endoscopists with female gender and advanced age (≥40) but not high workload intensity showed superiority in resistance of fatigue caused by the end of the week and increasing daily procedures.
Mobilizing Established School Partnerships to Reach Underserved Children During a Global Pandemic
Authors: Ko Linda K. , Tingey Lauren , Ramirez Magaly , Pablo Elliott , Grass Ryan , Larzelere Francene , Cisneros Oralia , Chu Helen Y. , D’Agostino Emily M.
Published: November 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to drastic public health measures, including school closures to slow the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection. Reopening educational settings by using diagnostic testing approaches in schools can help accelerate the safe return of students and staff to on-site learning by quickly and accurately identifying cases, limiting the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and ultimately preventing unnecessary school and work absenteeism. Although the National Institutes of Health has identified community partnerships as the foundation for reducing health disparities, we found limited application of a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach in school engagement. Guided by the CBPR conceptual model, we provide case studies of 2 established and long-standing school-academic partnerships built on CBPR processes and practices that have served as a research infrastructure to reach underserved children and families during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The process described in this article can serve as an initial platform to continue to build capacity toward increasing health equity.
Masking Adherence in K–12 Schools and SARS-CoV-2 Secondary Transmission
Authors: Moorthy Ganga S. , Mann Tara K. , Boutzoukas Angelique E. , Blakemore Ashley , Brookhart M. Alan , Edwards Laura , Jackman Jennifer G. , Panayotti Gabriela M. Maradiaga , Warren Todd , Pendleton Joanna , Garcés Andrew Willis , Corneli Amy , Weber David J. , Kalu Ibukunoluwa C. , Benjamin Daniel K. , Zimmerman Kanecia O.
Published: November 2021

OBJECTIVES

Masking is an essential coronavirus 2019 mitigation tool assisting in the safe return of kindergarten through 12th grade children and staff to in-person instruction; however, masking adherence, compliance evaluation methods, and potential consequences of surveillance are currently unknown. We describe 2 school districts’ approaches to promote in-school masking and the consequent impact on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 secondary transmission.

METHODS

Two North Carolina school districts developed surveillance programs with daily versus weekly interventions to monitor in-school masking adherence. Safety teams recorded the proportion of students and staff appropriately wearing masks and provided real-time education after observation of improper masking. Primary infections, within-school transmission, and county-level severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection rates were assessed.

RESULTS

Proper mask use was high in both intervention groups and districts. There were variations by grade level, with lower rates in elementary schools, and proper adherence being higher in the weekly surveillance group. Rates of secondary transmission were low in both districts with surveillance programs, regardless of intervention frequency.

CONCLUSIONS

Masking surveillance interventions are effective at ensuring appropriate masking at all school levels. Creating a culture of safety within schools led by local leadership is important and a feasible opportunity for school districts with return to in-person school. In our study of schools with high masking adherence, secondary transmission was low.
CORBOMYCIN: A NEW ANTIBIOTIC WITH A UNIQUE APPROACH TO KILLING PATHOGENS
Authors: O’Donoghue N. , Yordanova R.
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Humanity has benefited from the presence of antibiotics to treat bacterial infections for decades. However, due to the overuse of antibiotics bacteria develop resistance against these drugs, leading to the emergence of untreatable superbugs. Antibiotic resistance is one of the biggest threats to global health. It is rising to dangerously high levels with hundreds of thousands of deaths reported worldwide every year. Dealing with the ongoing antibiotic crisis requires the discovery of compounds with novel mechanisms of action that are capable to treat drug-resistant infections. A newly found antibiotic from a glycopeptides family with “a unique approach” to attacking and killing bacteria was announced in 2020. The purpose of our work is to provide information about Corbomycin. Materials and methods: a review of scientific literature and studies that provide information on Corbomycin. Conclusion: In recent years, researchers have been increasingly searching for new approaches to treat life-threatening bacterial infections. Corbomycin – an antibiotic that kills bacteria by blocking the function of their cell wall is a promising clinical candidate in the fight against antimicrobial resistance.
Formowanie landwery podczas pruskiej wojny wyzwoleńczej 1813 roku na przykładzie Śląska
Authors:   Dr, Instytut Historii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego, Katowice, Polska, Grudniewski Jakub
Published: November 2021

After the defeat of the Napoleonic army in the Russian campaign in 1812–1813, Prussia renounced the alliance with France and entered the war known as the “liberation war”. The King of Prussia, Frederick William III, addressed his subjects with an appeal “An mein Volk” (“To my people”), calling for a fight against Napoleon. One of the pillars of this struggle was the creation of units of a voluntary military formation composed of the "people" - the landwehr. After defeating Napoleon landwehr became part of the legend of the Prussian army's strength, which was to cover the ignominious defeat of the Prussian army during the autumn campaign of 1806. Formations like the landwehr were known as early as the 18th century, but their formation was forbidden because of the fear of violating the prevailing social relations. In the end, however, in the spring of 1813, in the spring of 1813, it was decided to establish a landwehr. Despite the initial optimism, its creation encountered numerous difficulties, including the lack of willing recruits, the widespread phenomenon of desertion and problems with weapons. These problems were obvious in the Prussian province of Silesia. The article presents the genesis of this formation, the uniforms and equipment of the landwehr, problems related to recruiting soldiers to the landwehr in Lower and Upper Silesia, and the final division of the landwehr into military units.
„120 kilometrów samotności”. Główny Szlak Karpacki im. Marszałka Józefa Piłsudskiego na terenie Bieszczadów Zachodnich
Authors:   Dr, Instytut Neofilologii w Kolegium Nauk Humanistycznych Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego, Polska, Organ Michał
Published: November 2021

In the Interwar Period, the Western Bieszczady Mountains were not commonly viewed as attractive in terms of tourism. It was not until the 1930s that more attention was paid to this fragment of Western Carpathians. The change was materialized by the emergence of the Main Carpathian Trail, the last part of which was created in the above described region. The fragment of the red trail existed for only four years, which was time enough to arouse the interest of Polish mountain tourists in the area between Łupków Pass and Użok Pass. Since 1936, the coverage of the red trail in the Bieszczady Mountains was one of the requirements to obtain the Mountain Badge popularized by the Polish Tatra Society. Thanks to this organisation, new investments were made to facilitate touristic exploration of the terrain. However, till the very end of its existence, the fragment of the trail located in the Western Bieszczady Mountains was quite demanding for tourists since they had to cover the mountainous terrain which generally lacked adequate tourist facilities, especially proper accommodation. Tourists wishing to walk the trail needed to be well-equipped, skilled in the use of maps and able to plan their journey through 120 kilometres of wilderness. The lack of a good and widely available mountain guidebook largely hindered tourists’ plans. Therefore, a tourist hiking along the trail between 1935–1939 was largely dependent on few mountain hostels, shelters and even shepherd’s huts.