bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narratives of War: Acehnese Perception of the Prang Kaphe in 19th/20th Century Colonial Era
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Taslim Noriah
Published: May 2021

The so-called narratives of war refer to hikayat literature composed especially during the Dutch occupation of Aceh in 19th century and early 20th century; they relate mostly battles and exploits of the Acehnese heroes and fighters against the Dutch incursion, beginning in 1873. Since war fought against the Dutch was considered as a jihad war, these hikayats then came to be known as the Hikayat Prang Sabi (or the story of the war in the path of God) or Hikayat Prang Kaphe (or war against the infidels). Besides their cultural and historical significance, these hikayats are also reliable documents to understand the Acehnese perception of the jihad war or the prang kaphe . This essay then is an attempt to study these hikayats as sources in reading the Acehnese perception of jihad . To facilitate analysis, three war hikayats viz. the Hikayat Prang Sabi , Hikayat Prang Cut Ali and Hikayat Prang Rundeng will be chosen as focus of critical study. From the analysis the essay comes to an interesting conclusion: that contrary to popular belief, the jihad war did not have a similar grip on every Acehnese; apparently there were varied responds and emotions towards the war which influence Acehnese perception towards the whole ideology of jihad. Keywords: narrative of war, Hikayat Prang Kaphe , Acehness perception, jihad
Nyai in Partriarchal and Colonial Society: A Subaltern Study of Nyai Ontosoroh in Pramoedya Ananta Toer's Bumi Manusia
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Ramli Abdul Jalil , Abdul Aziz Sohaimi
Published: May 2021

The practice of nyai began in Indonesia in the 17th century when the Dutch colonizers began strengthening their foothold there. A nyai is none other than a concubine or a mistress to a foreigner, especially a European. The nyai were a group of women who were exploited during the Dutch occupation. To what extent was a nyai merely a sexual object to colonizers, and is associated with the use of force which was prevalent in the patriarchal Javanese society? Did the nyai voice their rights? Did the authorities care about their hardship? This essay shall analyse these issues using the approach of Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak’s subaltern studies, which puts foward the concept of subaltern women as oppressed women without a voice. Although others could voice the problems on their behalf, this is not the voice of subaltern women themselves as the party that voices out their problems may have other interests. This analysis is of subaltern women in Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s novel This Earth of Mankind ( Bumi Manusia ). This study confirms that Nyai Ontosoroh is a subaltern woman in two types of society, i.e. patriarchal and colonial society. She is manipulated for the interests of men and for colonizers. Nyai Ontosoroh can be taken to be an example of the exploitation of women in a patriarchal society. Nyai Ontosoroh herself attempts to voice out her rights as a daughter and a mother. Patriarchal and colonial groups continually deny subaltern women like Nyai Ontosoroh their rights. Keywords: subaltern women, patriarchy, nyai , colonialism
Preserving Singapore-Johor-Riau Literature
Authors:   National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University Singapore, Anwar Kartini
Published: May 2021

A study of the connection between the literature of three areas (Singapore, Johor and Riau) was begun in 1987. The spirit and vision of these three areas was followed up with activities that accelerated the regional development of language, literature and culture. Dialog Selatan (Southern Dialogue) and meetings of scholars and intellectuals were among initiatives undertaken to reach a common goal towards preservation. What is the hope and aspiration behind these literary activities? This article explores initiatives taken and challenges faced by the three areas in preserving their literary ties throughout the 1990s. This article also introduces the efforts made to collect manuscripts and artifacts of Riau literature in Singapore, with the hope that it will open up ways for continued efforts towards the culture of research on materials in literature. Keywords:Â Southern Dialogue, Riau, Singapore
Abdullah Bin Abdul Kadir: Hadijah Rahmat's Focal Point In Malay Literature
Authors:   Malay Literature Programme, Centre for Language Studies, Literature and Malay Culture, Faculty of Social Science and Humanity , National University Malaysia, Safei Mawar
Published: May 2021

Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir or Abdullah Munshi is a respected figure who is often associated with his standing as the Father of Modern Malay Literature as compared to Hamzah Fansuri. He has become one of Hadijah Rahmat’s focal point in her works; whether in her academic research or in creative works. Among others, this paper focused on the standing of Abdullah Munshi which explains her leaning towards him. This is gleaned through her academic works, for example on what she has deduced from Antara Dua Kota ( Between Two Cities: Tracing the works of Munsyi Abdullah in and Singapore , In search of Modernity A Study of Concepts of Literature , Authorship and Notions of Self in Traditional Malay Literature or Mengukir Air di Pesisir Sastera Melayu/ Indonesia dalam Arus Jagat . The same applies in the poetry collection Di Tengah Alam ( At the Center of Nature ), the drama Munsyi or Kurnia Alam ( Gift of Nature ) that was crafted by Hadijah Rahmat; the personality of Abdullah Munshi which she attempted to discover. This paper shows the link between the two figures in representing among others the continuity of relationship between Malay literature in Malaysia and Singapore. Keywords: Abdullah bin Abdul Kadir, Abdullah Munshi, Hadijah Rahmat, Malay Literature, Malaysian Literature, Singaporean Literature
Socio-Cultural Problems of the Malay Community in Singapore and in Penang: A Study of Kilat Senja and Aci Patmabi
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Harun Jelani
Published: May 2021

The way of life of the Malay community cannot be separated from its traditional kampong or rural life, which forms the earliest template of life as family, community and nation, from the earliest stages to the developments of today. Changes over time have given rise to corresponding changes in the kampong, transforming them into advanced, modern towns and cities. This phenomenon occurred in Singapore and Penang, two cosmopolitan states of the Straits Settlements with close historical links. What occurred in Singapore may be discovered in Penang as well. The phenomena or dilemma of “cultural aridity” in Singapore may have similarities with the problem of “urban sprawl” in Penang. On this premis, initially the article discusses Hadijah Rahmat’s Kilat Senja . Do the socio-cultural issues of the Malay community in Singapore also occur in Penang? The answer to this question may be explicitly and implicitly resolved in Azmi Iskandar Merican’s work, Aci Patmabi . Subsequently the article raises and explores a variety of questions on the course of socio-cultural developments of the Malay community in Singapore and Penang. Keywords: socio-cultural issues, cultural aridity, urban sprawl, Singapore, Penang
Between the Broad Daylight and the Shadow: Metamorphoses of the Bakhtiar Tale in Persian and Malay
Authors:   School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS), University of London, Braginsky Vladimir
Published: May 2021

Barthes defined the literary text as “a tissue of quotations drawn from the innumerable centres of culture”. Developing this statement, we can postulate two forms of existence of the literary text. On the one hand, it may exist as a holistic entity in which all components are interlinked so that they can bear an integral meaning. This is a “syntagmatic” existence of the literary work as a “tissue”, or a certain structure. On the other hand, the literary text may exist as a destructuralised set of the same components isolated from each other—its “paradigmatic” existence as a sum total of quotations that contribute to the all-embracing repository of “quotations”, which makes up the intertext of a particular literature. This intertext provides “building blocks” for the construction of new literary pieces. In this article I shall discuss the two forms of existence of literary works on the basis of one piece of Persian literature translated into Malay. The example chosen is Hikayat Bakhtiar (Tale of Bakhtiar), and its transformations and diverse literary constructions that were built of “quotations” from it over more than two centuries. This discussion, among other things, will help us to explain the strong Persian influence on Malay traditional literature, despite the relatively small number of Persian writings translated into Malay. Keywords: traditional Malay literature, persian influence, Hikayat Bakhtiar , quotation, recension, intertext, Hikayat Maharaja Ali , Syair Bidasari
The Religious Connotations of the Sovereign in Destitution in the Malay Hikayat
Authors:   The Institute of the Malay World and Civilization, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Taslim Noriah
Published: May 2021

The essay is an attempt to highlight the significance and the extent of religious influence on classical Malay literature. It plans to do this through the analysis of the structural elements of the plot at both at the surface and underlying level. To narrow down the analysis, only one genre of Malay literature, the so-called hikayat romance will be taken as corpus of investigation. To allow room for a more comprehensive analysis within this restricted corpus, two types of hikayat romance will be taken to task; these are the fantasy/court romance and the hagiographical romance. Both of these works are suitable for this study as they exhibit a remarkable level of religious influence in their textual elements. The analysis, however, will focus especially on the “exile motif” which is the controlling and generative element in the plot. Keywords: hikayat romance, generic structure, exile motif, Hindu interpretative model, sufistic interpretative model
Arena Wati as a Ship Captain: A Textual Analysis of Memoir Arena Wati Enda Gulingku
Authors:   Universiti Sains Malaysia, Abdul Aziz Sohaimi , Che Mat Fatiha
Published: May 2021

Arena Wati (1925-2009), is well-known by the Award of Malaysian National Laureate, which he received in 1988 for his outstanding contributions to the development of Malay literature. However he was also the captain of a sailing ship. His familial origins as sailors of Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia have greatly influenced his writings. This article is a scrutiny of a work by Arena Wati in his capacity as a ship captain in relation to two functions, namely “as a trader” and “as a navigator”. The approach to the text is through a qualitative content analysis, that is, interpretation and evaluation of messages associated with the text under study, namely, Arena Wati’s memoir entitled Memoir Arena Wati Enda Gulingku (1991). Based on his successful implementation of both the functions mentioned, the analysis reveals that Arena Wati is an accomplished navigator. His knowledge of the maritime trade and the navigation he practiced establishes that Arena Wati’s greatness as a ship captain is equal to his greatness as a fiction writer. Keywords: ship captain, sailor, trader, maritime, navigator
From Text to Animation: Adaptation of Bawang Putih Bawang Merah
Authors:   Academy of Malay Studies, University of Malaya, Tengku Mohd Ali Tengku Intan Marlina , Awang Hashim , Mamat @ Mustaffa Madiawati , Hashim Nur Hamizah
Published: May 2021

The adaptation of literary texts into drama, film and animation is increasingly popular in today’s era of advances in science and technology. Bawang Putih Bawang Merah (Garlic and Shallot) is one of the works which has been adapted into the form of film and animation. One of the animations adapted from text to film that received overwhelming response from the audience in 2001 was Putih directed by Rashid Sibir, produced by Fine Animation Sdn. Bhd. In animation, several changes are made, including changes to the title, characters and characters, setting and events to suit the target audience, and the times. In relation to this, the objective of this article is to analyse the adaptation from different Bawang Putih Bawang Merah texts into the animated form to ascertain the modifications made when certain works are converted into animation, and to investigate how far literary values are adapted into multimedia forms. This study will use the work of Rubaidin Siwar published by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (1990) because it is a more complete text as compared to others. In discussing adaptations, Engelstad (2009) explains how there are four stages involved in the process of adaptation, the first being the narrative, the second the transformation of the verbal to visual, with the third stage being “enunciation”, and the fourth being the comprehensive stage. All four stages are applied in the analysis of BPBM in its adaptation from text to animation. The adaptation process involved in converting the BPBM texts into the multimedia form retains the literary elements through the use of various story-telling techniques, to produce a captivating animated film. Although BPBM is a traditional Malay tale, the story is adapted with various interesting elements befitting the needs of today’s generation. Keywords: animation, Bawang Putih Bawang Merah, adaptation, text, multimedia
Abu Nawas Sabah Folk Version: Intertextuality and Creativity
Authors:   Borneo Heritage Research Unit, Faculty of Humanities, Arts and Heritage, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Low Kok On
Published: May 2021

The tales of Abu Nawas, which originated in Arab-Persia are popular humorous stories told in the Malay world. Several written sources reveal that these tales spread to the Malay world between the 13th and 15th centuries, through the books One Thousand and One Nights and Hikayat Abu Nawas . Drawing from field trips conducted in a number of places in Sabah, a total of 13 tales, that had been transmitted orally among Sabah indigenous informants, have been collected. Upon comparison with Hikayat Abu Nawas , it was found that some of the Sabah folk version of Abu Nawas tales are similar to those published in Hikayat Abu Nawas while some are very different. This study attempts to compare the motifs of the original Abu Nawas tales with those of the Sabah folk version based on the principles of intertextuality. The intertextual comparison shows that early on, the indigenous people of Sabah had been exposed to the Abu Nawas stories. Later however, the stories were retold based on local elements. In the end, the indigenous storytellers of Sabah began to create their own version with motifs different from that of the original tales. These retold stories are rich in local color and motifs, highlighting the genius and creativity of local Sabah storytellers. Keywords: Abu Nawas, humorous tale, intertextuality, motif comparison, local genius, creativity Abstrak Cerita Abu Nawas ialah cerita jenaka popular di alam Melayu yang berasal dari Arab-Parsi. Beberapa sumber tulisan melaporkan bahawa cerita ini telah disebarkan ke alam Melayu antara kurun ke-13 hingga kurun ke-15 melalui Hikayat Seribu Satu Malam dan Hikayat Abu Nawas . Dalam kerja lapangan yang dikendalikan di beberapa tempat di Sabah baru-baru ini, sejumlah tiga belas buah cerita Abu Nawas, yang tersebar secara lisan dalam kalangan informan pelbagai etnik peribumi Sabah telah dikumpul. Setelah diteliti, sesetengah daripada cerita Abu Nawas versi rakyat Sabah didapati mirip dengan cerita Abu Nawas yang diterbitkan dalam Hikayat Abu Nawas manakala sesetengah yang lain didapati jauh berbeza. Tulisan ini bertujuan membuat perbandingan antara motif cerita Abu Nawas versi rakyat Sabah dengan motif cerita Abu Nawas dalam Hikayat Abu Nawas berasaskan prinsip intertekstualiti. Hasil perbandingan intertekstual yang dilakukan mendapati bahawa, pada mulanya penduduk peribumi Sabah telah didedahkan dengan cerita Abu Nawas. Terdapat sesetengah cerita Abu Nawas kemudiannya telah diolah semula berasaskan unsur tempatan. Akhir sekali, pencerita peribumi Sabah telah mencipta sejumlah cerita Abu Nawas, yang motifnya berbeza sama sekali daripada motif cerita Abu Nawas asal. Cerita Abu Nawas versi rakyat Sabah seperti ini didapati kaya dengan motif dan unsur tempatan. Penghasilan cerita Abu Nawas versi rakyat Sabah turut menonjolkan kearifan dan kreativiti yang ada pada pencerita tempatan Sabah. Kata kunci: Abu Nawas, cerita jenaka, intertekstualitii, perbandingan motif, kearifan tempatan, kreativiti
Japanese Culture in Modern Malay Literature: Experiences and Observations of Malay Writers
Authors:   School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Che Man Siti Hajar , Ab Razak Ratna Roshida ,   Department of Government and Civilization, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM)
Published: May 2021

This article aims to examine the beauty of the values still adhered to in Japanese society as traceable in creative works based on the experiences and observations of Malay writers. Values such as beauty, silence, refinement, internal strength and civilized living have been adapted from the ontological transformations and pathetic beauty inherited from the glory days of Matsuo Basho (1644- 1694) and Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972). This study draws on the cultural studies theory of Chris Barker. The discussion is centred on the experiences of several Malay writers who have fictionalized their experiences of life in Japan. Muhammad Haji Salleh follows Basho’s footsteps and is inspired by a love for nature and the soul and character of the Japanese, as recorded in his poems in the anthology Salju Shibuya ( The Snows of Shibuya ), while Arena Wati delves into the national pride and social history of the Japanese and Malays in his novel Sakura Mengorak Kelopak ( The Sakura Sheds its Petals ), and Abu Yazid Abidin shares the ups and downs of immigrant Malays in Japan in his own novel, Sejuk-sejuk Tokyo ( Frosty Tokyo ). Keywords: Japanese culture, modern Malay Literature, Malay writers, experience, observation Abstrak Makalah ini bertujuan untuk melihat keindahan nilai murni yang diamalkan oleh masyarakat Jepun sebagai gaya hidup yang dapat dikesan menerusi karya kreatif hasil pengamatan dan pengalaman pengarang Melayu. Nilai keindahan, kesunyian, kehalusan, semangat dalaman, kesantunan gaya hidup yang diamalkan merupakan adaptasi daripada unsur transformasi ontologikal dan keindahan patetik yang diwarisi sejak zaman keagungan Matsuo Basho (1644-1694) dan Yasunari Kawabata (1899-1972). Penelitian ini disandarkan pada teori kajian budaya yang disarankan oleh Chris Barker. Perbincangan bertunjangkan pengalaman yang pernah dilalui oleh beberapa orang pengarang Melayu yang pernah mengilhamkan pengalaman hidup mereka sewaktu berada di Jepun. Muhammad Haji Salleh mengilhami rasa percintaan alam, jiwa dan budi bangsa Jepun dengan mengikut langkah Basho menerusi puisinya dalam antologi Salju Shibuya , Arena Wati menyelami maruah bangsa, sejarah sosial bangsa Jepun dan Melayu dalam novel Sakura Mengorak Kelopak , dan Abu Yazid Abidin berkongsi rencah hidup orang Melayu di perantauan daerah Jepun dalam Sejuk-sejuk Tokyo . Kata kunci: budaya Jepun, sastera Melayu moden, pengarang Melayu, pengalaman, pengamatan
The Translation of Foreign Novels into Malay by Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka
Authors:   Malay Language, Translation and Interpreting Section, School of Humanities, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Haroon Haslina , Abdul Majid Melati
Published: May 2021

Established in 1956 with the main purpose of developing the Malay language, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka (DBP) has also played a pivotal role in the translation of foreign works into Malay. Very little, however, has been studied in terms of its contribution to the development of translation activities in Malaysia. This paper aims to provide an overview of the translation of foreign novels into Malay by DBP from the time of its inception. A survey was carried out for this purpose. The results show that a total of 72 foreign novels have been translated into Malay and published by DBP. The study was also able to determine specific trends in the translation of foreign novels by DBP. Although limited in scope, this study is believed to be important as it is able to contribute to existing discourse on the history of translation in Malaysia. Keywords: translation, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, publishing, novels, translation history Abstrak Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, yang ditubuhkan pada tahun 1956 dengan matlamat utama untuk membina dan mengembangkan bahasa Melayu, sebenarnya juga telah memainkan peranan penting dalam penterjemahan karya asing ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Walau bagaimanapun, tidak banyak kajian yang dijalankan yang meneliti sumbangan DBP kepada perkembangan aktiviti penterjemahan di Malaysia. Makalah ini bertujuan untuk memberi gambaran tentang penterjemahan novel asing ke dalam bahasa Melayu oleh DBP sejak penubuhannya. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, satu tinjauan dilakukan. Dapatan menunjukkan bahawa sejumlah 72 buah novel asing telah diterjemahkan dan diterbitkan oleh DBP. Kajian ini juga mengenal pasti beberapa kecenderungan dalam penterjemahan novel asing oleh DBP. Walaupun skopnya agak kecil, kajian ini dirasakan penting kerana ia dapat menyumbang kepada wacana sedia ada tentang sejarah penterjemahan di Malaysia. Kata kunci: terjemahan, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, penerbitan, novel, sejarah penterjemahan
Administrative Ethics in Noordin Hassan's Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari and Mana Setangginya?
Authors:   Arts and Cultural Centre, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Md. Yousoff Rohani
Published: May 2021

Sasterawan Negara Dato’ (Dr.) Noordin Hassan’s apprehension about the abuse of power can be seen in all his plays and noticeably so in his plays Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari (1992) and Mana Setangginya? (1999). While Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari is more Malay, Mana Setangginya? has a more global and universal message. The first layer of Noordin’s plays will offer a chance to look for the main message of the play or to find significance in the main storyline or in other devices. As Noordin says in Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari , “If what is stated is impossible, then one should search for what is hidden”. The administrative ethics that Noordin propagates is the “hidden” and major statement behind the comedy, romance and splendour of both plays. Keywords: administrative ethics, governance, Noordin Hassan, hidden Abstrak Kebimbangan Sasterawan Negara Dato’ (Dr.) Noordin Hassan’s tentang penyalahgunaan kuasa boleh dilihat dalam semua drama beliau, lebih lagi dalam drama-drama Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari (1992) and Mana Setangginya? (1999). Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari tampak kemelayuannya, manakala Mana Setangginya? mengandungi mesej yang lebih global dan universal. Lapisan pertama drama-drama Noordin akan menawarkan penyelidik peluang untuk mencari penyata utama drama atau mencari kesignifikanannya dalam jalan cerita utama; atau kelihatannya sebegini rupa. Seperti apa yang dikatakan oleh Noordin dalam Sirih Bertepuk Pinang Menari , “Kalau mustahil apa dikata, carilah pula apa tersirat.” Isu etika pentadbiran dan tadbir urus adalah penyataan utama Noordin yang“tersirat” di sebalik komedi, cinta dan keindahan kedua-dua drama. Kata kunci: administrative ethics, governance, Noordin Hassan, tersirat
Psychogeography of Kuala Lumpur in Nassury Ibrahimâ€™s Selected Poems
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Hashim Ruzy Suliza , Faizal Fatin Nur Syahirah
Published: May 2021

The strong connection between people and place provides fodder for literary producers to create their works. In his anthology of poems Ruang Kota , Nassury Ibrahim draws upon Kuala Lumpur as the place that allows him to delve into the study of self and other people. Using psychogeography as an analytical tool, this article examines how Kuala Lumpur affects the mental states and behaviors of the people living in the heart of the urban city. Nassury’s poems deal with many aspects of life which include poverty, pollution and humanity. Other than his experiences, the poet uses the landscape of the city to express his own perspectives and feelings towards Kuala Lumpur. Based on the analysis, Kuala Lumpur is portrayed as a city that has developed materially but its dwellers benevolence and compassion have lessened greatly. His poems highlight urban poverty and poor urban planning in Kuala Lumpur which have led to poor quality of life in this cosmopolitan city. Keywords: psychogeography, urban poor, Kuala Lumpur Abstrak Hubungan erat antara sebuah masyarakat dengan tempat menjadi sumber inspirasi untuk pengkarya sastera menghasilkan karya. Dalam antologi Ruang Kota , Nassury Ibrahim memberikan tumpuan terhadap Kuala Lumpur sebagai lokasi yang menyerlahkan dirinya sebagai pengkaji kendiri dan masyarakat sekeliling. Dengan menggunakan psikogeografi sebagai lensa kritikan, makalah ini mengkaji kesan pembangunan Kuala Lumpur terhadap keadaan mental dan tingkah laku masyarakat yang tinggal di kota raya ini. Puisi Nassury memaparkan pelbagai aspek dalam kehidupan termasuklah kemiskinan, pencemaran dan kemanusiaan. Selain pengalaman beliau, Nassury telah menggunakan landskap kota tersebut untuk menitipkan perspektif dan perasaannya terhadap Kuala Lumpur. Kuala Lumpur digambarkan sebagai sebuah kota yang telah membangun secara material, akan tetapi sifat kebaikan dan belas kasihan penduduknya telah berkurangan dengan begitu ketara sekali. Puisi Nassury menunjukkan kesempitan hidup dan kualiti kehidupan yang rendah akibat kelemahan perancangan bandar yang memberikan kesan buruk kepada penduduk bandar kosmopolitan ini. Kata kunci: psikogeografi, kemiskinan bandar, Kuala Lumpur
Politik dan Intertekstualiti dalam Juara
Authors:   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Safei Mawar , Raja Hassan Tuan Rusmawati ,   Pusat Penyelidikan Bitara Melayu, Fakulti Sains Sosial dan Kemanusiaan, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
Published: May 2021

Makalah ini menumpukan pemerhatian terhadap hubungan dan proses antara teks dalam penghasilan novel Melayu. Hubungan dan proses itu dikaitkan dengan intertekstualiti, iaitu fenomena wujudnya teks dalam sebuah teks atau apa yang dinamakan dialog antara teks. Kerangka kajian ini memanfaatkan gagasan oleh Julia Kristeva. Rumus intertekstual tersebut membentangkan hubungan antara hipoteks (cerpen) dengan hiperteks (novel) bagi melihat makna, proses yang diajukan dan kewajarannya dilakukan oleh pengarang. Kajian ini merujuk kepengarangan S. Othman Kelantan yang memperlihatkan kecenderungan dan ketekalan terhadap karya yang bersifat intertekstual. Novel yang menjadi mauduk kajian ini ialah Juara. Kajian ini menemukan bahawa dalam kerangka intertekstualiti, kepengarangan S. Othman Kelantan memperagakan kesetiaannya terhadap teks awal dalam genre cerpen yang kemudian dikembangkan menjadi novel. Hal ini berlaku terhadap Juara yang dikembangkan daripada cerpen “Pahlawan Lembu”. Langgam kepengarangan S. Othman Kelantan menunjukkan sensitifnya pengarang terhadap cuaca politik semasa; keyakinan dan ideologinya dibancuh sama secara metaforikal dalam Juara . Hubungan intertekstualiti dalam cerpen ke novel dalam Juara termasuklah tema dan plot yang dikerjakan pengarang melalui proses transformasi, eksistensi dan modifikasi. Proses yang dilakukan oleh pengarang ini akibat beberapa faktor antaranya persekitaran, latar peribadi dan pengalaman hidup Kata kunci: S. Othman Kelantan, novel Juara, cerpen “Pahlawan Lembu”, Julia Kristeva, intertekstualiti Abstract This article focuses on the interrelationship between texts in Malay novels, and the processes that take place related to intertextuality. For the framework of this study, the intertextuality theory of Julia Kristeva was used. This theory is concerned with the relationship between the hypotext (short story) and hypertext (novel) in order to study meaning, the process presented and the author’s rationale. This study focuses on the writings of S. Othman Kelantan, who appears to have a tendency towards producing intertextual works, focusing on his novel Juara . The study reveals that with reference to intertextuality, the writings of S. Othman Kelantan display a loyalty towards the prior text, as well as to the short story genre. Juara , which is an expansion from the short story “Pahlawan Lembu”, is an example of this. The style of S. Othman Kelantan’s writing reveal his sensitivity towards the contemporary political climate; his conviction and ideology is presented in metaphor in Juara . The intertextual relationship between the short story and the novel Juara is evident in both theme and plot. The writer employs transformation, extension and modification, influenced by several factors including environment, personal background and his own life experience. Keywords: S. Othman Kelantan, Juara , “Pahlawan Lembu”, Julia Kristeva, intertextuality
Revolusi Yang Ditangguhkan Karya Shahnon Ahmad Berdasarkan Perspektif Takmilah
Authors:   Jabatan Bahasa Melayu, Fakulti Bahasa Moden dan Komunikasi, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Kamarudin Kamariah
Published: May 2021

Kajian ini meneliti karya semi ilmiah Shahnon Ahmad, Revolusi Yang Ditangguhkan (2011) berdasarkan perspektif teori takmilah. Kajian ini merungkai sejauh mana tujuh prinsip takmilah yang digagaskan Shafie Abu Bakar, iaitu (1) prinsip ketuhanan yang bersifat kamal (sempurna), (2) prinsip kerasulan sebagai insan kamil (sempurna), (3) prinsip keislaman yang bersifat yang bersifat akmal (sempurna), (4) prinsip ilmu dengan sastera yang bersifat takmilah (sempurna), (5) prinsip sastera sendiri yang berciri estetik dan bersifat takmilah (sempurna dan menyempurnakan), 6) prinsip pada pengkarya yang seharusnya mengistikmalkan diri (menyempurnakan) dan (7) prinsip khalayak bertujuan memupuk mereka ke arah insan kamil (sempurna) diajukan pengarang dalam karyanya. Kajian ini memperlihatkan peri pentingnya hubungan karya – pengkarya – khalayak dalam menyampaikan perutusan yang bermanfaat kepada masyarakat demi kemaslahatan ummah jagat raya. Kata kunci: Revolusi yang Ditangguhkan , Shahnon Ahmad, perspektif takmilah Abstract This study looks at Shahnon Ahmad’s Revolusi Yang Ditangguhkan (2011) using the perspective of the takmilah theory. The study aims to uncover the extent to which the writer, in this work, observes the seven principles of takmilah outlined by Shafie Abu Bakar: (1) the principle of godliness as being kamal (perfect), (2) the principle of prophethood as a kamil (perfect) creation, (3) the principle that Islam is akmal (more perfect), (4) the principle of knowledge and literature as being takmilah (perfected), (5) the principle of literature itself as being aesthetic in nature as well as takmilah (perfect and perfecting), (6) the principle that the writer should continually practice istikmal (perfecting) of the self, and (7) the principle that readers should be encouraged to aim for becoming insan kamil (perfect beings). This study reveals the importance of the work–writer–audience relationship in conveying a message to society that is beneficial, for the betterment of the universal ummah. Keywords: Revolusi yang Ditangguhkan , Shahnon Ahmad, takmilah perspective
Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara sebagai Naskhah Cerita Panji Melayu
Authors:   Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Wan Mohd. Khairi Wan Khairoslinda , Idris Zubir ,   Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Yunos Yusmilayati
Published: May 2021

Makalah ini membincangkan teks manuskrip Cerita Panji Melayu yang didokumentasikan di Pusat Dokumentasi Melayu, Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur yang berjudul Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara , nombor kelas MS46. Sehingga kini, tiada lagi kajian manuskrip atau kritikan yang dilakukan bagi menilai naskhah Cerita Panji Melayu Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara . Melalui kaedah transliterasi teks dan analisis kandungan, maka ciri-ciri Panji Melayu dapat dicerakinkan dengan mengambil kira tiga dasar pembahagian antara cerita panji Jawa dengan cerita panji Melayu, iaitu pembahagian sedia ada, penggunaan bahasa dan unsur tempatan. Berdasarkan kaedah penyelidikan yang telah dinyatakan maka penulisan makalah ini bermatlamat untuk meneliti, mengenal pasti dan membincangkan ciri-ciri Panji Melayu yang terkandung dalam teks Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara dengan Cerita Panji Melayu yang lain, iaitu Hikayat Misa Taman Jayeng Kesuma dan Hikayat Chekel Waneng Pati . Selanjutnya membuka ruang perbincangan tentang Cerita Panji Melayu Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara dalam kajian kesusasteraan Melayu. Kata kunci: Cerita Panji, Cerita Panji Melayu, Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara , ciri panji Melayu, penggunaan bahasa, unsur tempatan Abstract This article discusses the manuscript of Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara , a Malay panji tale held in the collection of the Pusat Dokumentasi Melayu in Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur, under the call number MS 46. To date, no studies or critiques have been published about this manuscript. Through transliteration of the text and analysis of its content, any features of Malay panji tales it contains can be assessed by considering three basic differences between Javanese and Malay panji tales, that is, by referring to existing classifications, language use and local elements. Based on the abovementioned method of research, the researcher also aims to scrutinize, identify and discuss the features of Malay panji tales that are found in Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara and other Malay panji tales, namely Hikayat Misa Taman Jayeng Kesuma and Hikayat Chekel Waneng Pati . This is to invite further discussion of Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara in the study of Malay literature. Keywords: Panji tales, Malay panji tales, Hikayat Kelana Sita Kembara, features of Malay panji tales, language use, local elements
Melepasi Belenggu Kontrak Kompeni: Refleksi Hubungan Buton-Belanda dalam Warkah Voc kepada Sultan Azimuddin
Authors:   Leiden Institute for Area Studies (LIAS), Leiden University, S. Suryadi
Published: May 2021

Kesultanan Buton yang terletak di jazirah tenggara Pulau Sulawesi adalah sebuah kerajaan Islam bercorak kepulauan yang sudah wujud lama sebelum kedatangan kuasa Eropah di Dunia Melayu-Nusantara. Secara politik, Kesultanan Buton selalu berasa terancam kerana persaingan dan peluasan wilayah dan politik antara dua kerajaan tetangganya yang besar dan kuat, iaitu Gowa dan Ternate. Oleh itu, Sultan Buton ke-4 Dayanu Ikhsanuddin atau La Elangi (1578 – 1615) mengikrarkan “persekutuan abadi” dengan Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) pada 5 Januari 1613. Inti perjanjian itu adalah bahawa VOC akan membantu Buton apabila diserang oleh musuh- musuhnya tapi dengan beberapa syarat yang harus dipenuhi oleh Buton. Perjanjian itu telah ‟mengikat” sultan Buton berikutnya. Makalah ini membahaskan sepucuk warkah sepanjang 13 halaman daripada Gabenor VOC di Makassar, mewakili Gabenor Jeneral VOC di Batavia, yang dikirimkan kepada Sultan Buton ke-25, Azimuddin atau La Masalumu (1788 – 1791), bertarikh 25 Februari 1791 yang versi digitalnya dimiliki oleh The British Library dengan kod EAP212/6/3 dan naskhah aslinya tersimpan di Buton, yang berada dalam koleksi Abdul Mulku Zahari di Baubau. Makalah ini membahaskan isinya dan menghubungkaitkan dengan latar sejarah sosiopolitik Kesultanan Buton. Kata kunci: Buton, warkah, EAP212/7/3, The British Library, VOC, kontrak politik, Sultan Azimuddin, kolonialisme Abstract The Sultanate of Buton, situated in the south-eastern peninsula of Sulawesi Island, was an archipelagic Islamic kingdom that has long been existed before the arrival of European power in the Malay- Nusantara world. Politically, the Sultanate of Buton, that was relatively small, always feels threatened because of the territorial expansion and political rivalry between its large and powerful neighboring kingdoms: Gowa and Ternate. Therefore, the 4th Butonese sultan Dayanu Ikhsanuddin or La Elangi (1578 – 1615) pledged “everlasting alliance” with the Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie (VOC) on 5 January 1613. The essence of the treaty was that the VOC would help Buton if attacked by the enemies, but with some requirements that must be met by Buton. The treaty had “bundled” the next Buton sultans. This paper discusses a 13-pages letter sent by the VOC’s Governor in Makassar, represented the VOC’s Governor General in Batavia, to the 25th Butonese sultan Azimuddin or La Masalumu (1788 – 1791), dated on 25 February 1791,which its digital version owned by The British Library under code EAP212/6/3 and its original manuscript hold in Abdul Mulku Zahari’s collection in Baubau, Buton. This paper provides the Roman transliteration of the letter, discusses its contents and relates them to the socio-political historical background of the sultanate of Buton of that period. Keywords: Buton, letter, EAP212/7/3, The British Library, VOC, political contract, Sultan Azimuddin, colonialism
PROGRAM PEMBERDAYAAN REMAJA SEBAGAI UPAYA MEMUTUS MATA RANTAI PERMASALAHAN PERNIKAHAN DINI DI DESA DANAU CALA
Authors: Iswari Rosada Dwi
Published: May 2021

Pernikahan dini menimbulkan berbagai dampak serius, tidak hanya dalam satu generasi tetapi melibatkan generasi-generasi selanjutnya sehingga membentuk sebuah pola yang berulang pada sebuah komunitas. Masalah ini menjadi masalah yang melingkupi Desa Danau Cala, Musi Banyuasin. Tujuan pengabdian ini adalah meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan hidup remaja untuk merencanakan masa depan. Dengan demikian diharapkan remaja lebih berdaya untuk meraih masa depan yang dicita-citakan dan terhindar dari perilaku yang membuat mereka mengambil keputusan untuk menikah pada usia belia. Metode yang dilakukan yakni dengan psikoedukasi perkembangan remaja dan manajemen diri terhadap 80 siswa MTs Al Falah. Pengukuran menggunakan one group with pretest posttest design, meliputi pengetahuan mengenai perkembangan remaja serta intensi usia menikah. Hasil uji beda berpasangan menunjukkan peningkatan pengetahuan dari sebelum dilakukan kegiatan dengan sesudah kegiatan (p=0.000). Ada pendewasaan rencana usia menikah dari awalnya paling muda pada usia 15 tahun menjadi 20 tahun. Peserta juga mampu mengidentifikasi potensi diri dan hal-hal yang perlu dilakukan dan dihindari untuk mengoptimalkan potensi yang dimiliki.
INOVASI PEMBUATAN SABUN MANDI CAIR DARI VIRGIN COCONUT OIL
Authors: Santi Santi Santi
Published: May 2021

Pemanfaatan buah kelapa menjadi produk industri kreatif berupa Virgin Coconat Oil (VCO) dan produk turunannya (sabun cair) merupakan upaya yang dapat memberi manfaat besar kepada masyarakat. Hal ini dikarenakan produk VCO dan sabun cair baik untuk kecantikan maupun kesehatan selalu dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat. Asam lemak rantai pendek dan menengah dalam Virgin coconat oil mempunai sifat antibakteri, antijamur dan antivirus. Virgin coconat oil juga bersifat melembabkan kulit dan meremajakan rambut. Penggunaan VCO menjadi sabun cair dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan natrium stearat. Virgin coconat oil dapat di buat dari buah kelapa yang banyak terdapat di pekarangan rumah di desa-desa sekitar Kampus UNSRI Indralaya. Dengan pengabdian skema Inovasi ini  dilakukan pelatihan dan training pembuatan sabun cair dari VCO kepada msyarakat sekita Kampus UNSRI. Kegiatan pengabdian inovasi ini dilakukan di Desa Pulau Semambo di Kecamatan Indralaya Utara.
Patterns of Using Analgesics for Menstrual Pain in Female Students Sriwijaya University Faculty of Medicine
Authors: Nita Parisa  , Pasaribu M. Khairul Kahfi , Ardesy Melizah Kurniati  , Bintang Arroyantri  , Ziske Maritska
Published: May 2021

Dysmenorrhea is a condition than women often feel on their productive age and disrupttheir daily activity. A study that was condone in Palembang finds that 93,8% SMA femalestudent had dysmenorrhea. A study in India finds 42% in 654 respondent decided to healtheir dysmenorrhea without visiting physician and 35% is using wrong medications.Analgetics as pain reliever sold freely in markets. Dysmenorrhea effects life quality andeducations for the easiness in obtaining the medicine in markets, making the researchabout analgetics usage patterns in Faculty of Medicine, Srwijaya University 2016-2019students. The design of this study was cross-sectional descriptive observational on 25Desember 2019 until 6 Januari 2020. The population of this study is FK Unsri (2016-2019) students with 628 respondent. The respondent characteristics is found by usingquestionnaire. Dysmenorrhea prevalence on FK UNSRI student is 88%. Dysmenorrheaprevalence that distrupt activity is 64,7%. FK UNSRI student (2016-2019) that usedmefenamic acid is 48,3%, paracetamol is 33,8% and ibuprofen is 6,2% for theirdysmenorrhea.. FK UNSRI student (2016-2019) that consumed analgetics once per day is80,6%. FK UNSRI student (2016-2019) that picked tablet is 97,9%. FK UNSRI student(2016-2019) that chose to used it for a day is 76,5%. The analgetics that is mostly chosenfor FK UNSRI (2016-2019) students is mefenamic acid, tablet that was consumed once perday for a day.
Papric Ethanol Extract Test (Capsicum Annuum) on Blood Sugar Levels of Wistar Rat (Rattus Norvegicus) Induced Alloxan
Authors: Pratama Zendrato  , Ananda Dara , Edlin  , Budi Andre
Published: May 2021

This study aims to determine the effect of paprika ethanol (capsicum annuum) on blood sugar levels of alloxan-induced Wistar rats (rattus norvegicus). This type of research is experimental. The method used was pre test and post test with control group design. The results of this study indicate that for Post Test 1 or after being given treatment for 7 days, the average result shows that there is an effect of giving red paprika ethanol extract on blood sugar levels in Wistar rats where the significant value of each treatment is all less than 0.05. For Post Test 2 or after being given treatment for 14 days, only at a dose of 250 that has no effect on blood sugar levels of the rats, because the significant value is 0.813 greater than 0.05, for other treatments it has a significant effect because the significant value is more smaller than 0.05.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy under Segmental Thoracic Spinal Anesthesia
Authors: Aidyl Fitrisyah  , Rizal Zainal  , Edi Darwis
Published: May 2021

Introduction: Cholelithiasis or gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in gallbladder. The treatment of gallstones depends upon the stage of disease. Once gallstones become symptomatic, definitive surgical intervention with cholecystectomy is usually indicated (typically, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the first-line therapy). Laparoscopic cholecystectomy removes the gallbladder and gallstones through several small incisions in the abdomen. This case report aims to discuss the managent of segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia in laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Case: We report on the cases of 2 patients who undego elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Female, 53 years old, will undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, performed anesthesia with segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia technique using the anesthetic agent 3 ml of Levobupivacaine 0,5% + 25 mcg of Fentanyl, requiring a sensory block to at least T10-T11 dermatom. Patients received a 1,2 mcg target control infusion (TCI) propofol intravenous is administered as intermittent boluses to achieve deep sedation. The operation lasts 1 hour, with a bleeding 15 cc and urine output 100 cc, hemodynamically stable. Female, 42 years old, will undergo laparoscopic cholecystectomy, performed anesthesia with segmental thoracic spinal anesthesia technique using the anesthetic agent 3 ml of Levobupivacaine 0,5% + 25 mcg of Fentanyl, requiring a sensory block to at least T10-T11 dermatom. Patients received a 3 mg of midazolam intravenous is administered as intermittent boluses to achieve deep sedation. The operation lasts 1 hour, with a bleeding 15 cc and urine output 150 cc, hemodynamically stable. The level and duration of sensory block, intensity and duration of motor block were recorded. A 20 % or more decrease in MAP compared to baseline was considered as hypotension, iv ephedrine 5 mgr bolus administreted.

Conclusion: Laparoscopy is a surgical procedure that uses minimally invasive surgical techniques (minimally invasive surgery) where the doctor uses a small telescope / camera that is inserted into the stomach and surgical instruments in mini form. This procedure has many advantages because it is not invasive, the amount of bleeding can be reduced, postoperative pain can be minimized. Regional anesthesia procedure in laparoscopic cholecystectomy based on several studies and case reports can be performed and is a safe procedure.
Regulatory Goldilocks
Authors: Brown Nina
Published: May 2021

Social media is a valuable tool that has allowed its users to connect and share ideas in unprecedented ways. But this ease of communication has also opened the door for rampant abuse. Indeed, social networks have become breeding grounds for hate speech, misinformation, terrorist activities, and other harmful content. The COVID-19 pandemic, growing civil unrest, and the polarization of American politics have exacerbated the toxicity in recent months and years.

Although social platforms engage in content moderation, the criteria for determining what constitutes harmful content is unclear to both their users and employees tasked with removing it. This lack of transparency has afforded social platforms the flexibility of removing content as it suits them: in the way that best maximizes their profits. But it has also inspired little confidence in social platforms’ ability to solve the problem independently and has left legislators, legal scholars, and the general public calling for a more aggressive— and often a government-led—approach to content moderation.

The thorn in any effort to regulate content on social platforms is, of course, the First Amendment. With this in mind, a variety of different options have been suggested to ameliorate harmful content without running afoul of the Constitution. Many legislators have suggested amending or altogether repealing section 230 of the Communications Decency Act. Section 230 is a valuable legal shield that immunizes internet service providers—like social platforms— from liability for the content that users post. This approach would likely reduce the volume of online abuses, but it would also have the practical effect of stifling harmless—and even socially beneficial—dialogue on social media.

While there is a clear need for some level of content regulation for social platforms, the risks of government regulation are too great. Yet the current self-regulatory scheme has failed in that it continues to enable an abundance of harmful speech to persist online. This Article explores these models of regulation and suggests a third model: industry self-regulation. Although there is some legal scholarship on social media content moderation, none explore such a model. As this Article will demonstrate, an industry-wide governance model is the optimal solution to reduce harmful speech without hindering the free exchange of ideas on social media.
The Growing Monopoly in the Corn Seed Industry
Authors: Sumpter Bethany K
Published: May 2021

How a company conducts business is often a consumer concern. Individuals have accused company after company of monopolistic behavior. These individuals have also criticized the Department of Justice for not stopping a monopoly from forming in a specific industry. An example is the corn seed industry, where stakeholders have accused companies of monopolistic behavior. Recent mergers and acquisitions in the corn seed industry have left fewer companies in control, and because of this consolidation, individuals are urging the government to act. This Comment argues that, while the corn seed industry is on the road to containing a monopoly, the industry does not yet contain enough characteristics to warrant a government response. However, when a monopoly does form, the government should, and likely will, act.