bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linear equation solving for continuous simulation
Authors: Whipple Walter L.
Published: January 2007

Continuous systems simulation languages are intended to provide solutions consisting of interconnections of simple building blocks to the extent that input descriptions of a system resemble the way it is physically connected. Generally, the aim of most investigators, if it is not to obtain answers, is at least to learn more about the system and not mathematics or the language itself. Yet, most languages implemented today impose servere restrictions on problem formulation. This is the first of a series that will investigate continuous simulation with the object of indicating ways of increasing the value of a simulation language to the investigator by suitably extending the capabilities of present programs.
What hath got Roth
Authors: Roth Paul
Published: January 2007

At one time during the past presidential campaign, there was considerable attention paid to the substitution of 'person' for 'man' (e.g. 'chairperson') which was, in effect, a terminology placebo for the Women's Lib Movement. This provided the wags with a great source of mirthful variations on the substitution theme; my favorites were: 'henchperson,' 'hangperson,' and good old 'headless-horseperson.'
An inventory problem
Authors: Shook Robert C. , Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

As a systems analysis trainee with the Iota Beta Mu Corporation, you have been assigned to assist the manager of the Invisible Machine Department with his problem of product control. Since he is versed in modeling, he has prepared the following conditions:1. One day's demand is independent of earlier days' demand.
Random variable generators
Authors: Wheeler Robert E.
Published: January 2007

This note gives APL functions for generating random variables from 21 common statistical distributions:
Digital simulation of continuous systems and the new IMP program
Authors: Brandon Daniel M.
Published: January 2007

During the last two decades simulation has become a well established tool for the design and investigation of continuous systems. These types of systems are found throughout the engineering and science disciplines ranging from a simple servo system to very complex systems (as large electronic networks, the dynamics of chemical and transfer processes, nuclear processes, and physiological and environmental processes). Continued developments in simulation hardware and software have permitted the investigation of increasingly complex problems which in turn have stimulated further developments in simulation capabilities.
Models of the departure process of a BMAP/MAP/1 queue
Authors: Zhang Qi , Heindl Armin , Smirni Evgenia
Published: January 2007

We propose a family of finite approximations for the departure process of a BMAP/MAP/1 queue. The departure process approximations are derived via an exact aggregate solution technique (called ETAQA) applied to M/G/1-type Markov processes. The proposed approximations are indexed by a parameter
n
(
n
< 1), which determines the size of the output model as
n
+ 1 block levels of the M/G/1-type process. This output approximation preserves exactly the marginal distribution of the true departure process and the lag correlations of the inter-departure times up to lag
n
-2. Experimental results support the applicability of the proposed approximation in traffic-based decomposition of queueing networks.
Interaction of overlay networks
Authors: Jiang Wenjie , Lui John C. S. , Chiu Dah-Ming
Published: January 2007

Although the concept of application layer overlay routing has received much attention lately, there has been little focus on the
"coexistence"
and
"interaction"
of overlays on top of the same physical network. In this paper, we show that when each overlay plays the optimal routing strategy so as to optimize its own performance, there exists an equilibrium point for the overall routing strategy. However, the equilibrium may be
inefficient:
(a) it may not be Pareto optimal, (b) some fairness anomalies of resource allocation may occur. This is worthy of attention since overlays can be easily deployed and overlays may not know the existence of each other, they may continue to operate at a sub-optimal point.
Cooperative and non-cooperative models for slotted-aloha type MAC protocols
Authors: Ma Richard T. B. , Misra Vishal , Rubenstein Dan
Published: January 2007

Aloha [1] and its slotted variation [3] have been widely deployed as a medium access control (MAC) protocol for different communication networks. Slotted-Aloha type MAC protocols don't perform carrier sensing and synchronize the transmissions into time-slots. These protocols are suitable for controlling, multiple accesses when nodes cannot sense each other. Recent development of wireless and sensor networks urges us to re-investigate slotted-Aloha type MAC, and to design its variations for these new trends.
Predictive modeling of streaming servers
Authors: Covell Michele , Roy Sumit , Seo Beomjoo
Published: January 2007

In this paper, we describe our approach to deriving saturation models for streaming servers from vector-labeled training data. If a streaming server is driven into saturation by accepting too many clients, the quality of service degrades across the sessions. The actual saturating load on a streaming server depends on the detailed characteristics of the client requests: the content location (local disk or stream relay), the relative popularity, and the bit and packet rates [1]. Previous work in streaming-server models has used carefully selected, low-dimensional measurements, such as client jitter and rebuffering counts [2], or server memory usage [3]. In contrast, we collect 30 distinct low-level measures and 210 nonlinear derivative measures each second. This provides us with robustness against outliers, without reducing sensitivity or responsiveness to changes in load. Since the measurement dimensionality is so high, our approach requires the modeling and learning framework described in this paper.
Locality of reference and the use of sojourn time variance for measuring queue unfairness
Authors: Raz David , Avi-Itzhak Benjamin , Levy Hanoch
Published: January 2007

The variance of customer sojourn time (or waiting time) is used, either explicitly or implicitly, as an indication of fairness for as long as queueing theory exists. In this work we demonstrate that this quantity has a disadvantage as a fairness measure, since it is not local to the busy period in which it is measured. It therefore may account for customer discrepancies which are not relevant to fairness of scheduling. We show that RAQFM, a recently proposed job fairness measure, does possess such a locality property. We further show that within a large class of fairness measures RAQFM is unique in possessing this property.
Dynamic scheduling to optimize utility functions of sojourn time moments in queueing systems
Authors: Lu Yingdong , Squillante Mark S.
Published: January 2007

It is well known that scheduling the service of customers according to the shortest remaining processing time (SRPT) policy is optimal with respect to minimizing the mean sojourn time of customers. Recent studies have further argued that SRPT does not unfairly penalize large customers in order to benefit small customers, and therefore these studies propose the use of SRPT to improve performance in various applications. However, as Schrage and Miller point out [10], the SRPT policy can raise several difficulties for a number of important reasons. Such difficulties can arise from the inability to accurately predict service times, or the complicated nature of implementing the preemptive aspect of the SRPT policy which requires keeping track of the remaining service times of all waiting customers as well as of the customer in service. Normally, preemption also incurs additional costs. and thus one might want to avoid the preemption of customers in service whose remaining service time is not much larger than that of a new arrival.
Software engineering problems in the design of an integrated modelling system
Authors: Jones Warren T.
Published: January 2007

Integrative modelling is a concept which suggests that the modelling and simulation enterprise can best be advanced within a framework which provides a strong theory and software domain for dealing with many models at many levels of specification and application at once. This approach to modelling is important for several reasons; first, and perhaps most important, the appraoch will provide for a more cumulative development of the modelling and simulation enterprise, and thus indirectly more cumulative development of the ultimately desired knowledge and understanding of large-scale complex systems. Secondly, once the required computer software is designed and implemented, the system of integrated models should enable the development of additional related models for a lower total "cost" in terms of total effort. The lower cost is due to the fact that new models will also be integrated and therefore derived from earlier available ones. Third, this approach, when implemented, will tend to centralize the data and models of a particular large-scale system thus making it more readily available in responding to the needs of public policymaking.
What is needed for robust simulation?
Authors: Elzas M. S.
Published: January 2007

In the first place a definition will be be constructed of what the author thinks should be understood under "robust simulation". This definition will encompass not only a type of "foolproofness" of the underlying computational algorithms but also such things as universality of concepts, model description validity, program integrity, documentation and implications of new hardware.
Interactive simulation program generation
Authors: Davies N. R.
Published: January 2007

For many applications, the viability of simulation techniques has been greatly enhanced by the introduction of interactive simulation program generators. Clementson's CAPS/ECSL (1) is now widely available, and Matthewson's DRAFT now generates simulation programs in SIMON (2), GASP (3) or SIMULA (4).
Structured simulation programming
Authors: Palme Jacob
Published: January 2007

If you wish to make a successful simulation program, you must tackle the problem of helping the customer to understand the model so that he can give constructive criticism and rely on the results as a basis for decision making. Another problem arises when the customer wants to extend the program to many times its original size.
Computer based development of large scale ecological models problems and prospects
Authors: Halfon Efraim
Published: January 2007

Modelling an ecosystem requires knowledge of the system, obtained with experiments, and its abstraction within a mathematical framework. Systems methods can be used effectively in the latter phase of the modelling process. Indeed, when coupled with experimental work, these mathematical methods can help in the development of an ecologically realistic mathematical model. These models formalize hypotheses proposed to describe the ecosystem structure and explain its behavior. For example, a forest is not only made of trees, but also of shrubs, fungi and other flora. Animals contribute to modify and influence the forest, and chemical nutrients cycle between flora, fauna and soil. A mathematical model of this ecosystem would try to conceptualize relationships among these domains. If this model is set in dynamical terms, e.g., a set of differential equations, then the model behavior should be similar to the forest behavior.
Functionally-Oriented System Simulation for computer aided design of software/hardware systems
Authors: Scallon Gregory M. , Grupé James A.
Published: January 2007

Functionally Oriented System Simulation (FOSS) is applicable to the design and development of real-time computer systems. FOSS assists the system designer by integrating and verifying a model of the system software and hardware in a simulation. With FOSS, vague preliminary concepts can be refined to evolve formal software specifications and derive hardware requirements for a preferred design solution. FOSS incorporates a formal specification language and a translator (pre-processor) to generate a FORTRAN simulation program which includes computer aided design features. An example is included.
City traffic simulation package and its utilization
Authors: Elci Atilla , Zambakoǧlu Ali
Published: January 2007

Population explosion in larger cities and increase in vehicle density cause traffic problems in these areas. Intersections are the places where traffic is mostly blocked and most of the accidents occur. Signalization lights at the intersections aim to arrange the traffic flow and to avoid accidents. If not located properly or have bad timing, not only they fail to avoid accidents but also they cause disobeying, time loss and wearyness.Traffic assignment and management deal with those problems to minimize personal and social cost. The results of some mathematical models are applied. It is not easy to predict the cost of any decisions reached about traffic assignment and management, yet, using simulation, those decisions can be tested on a model representing the traffic network and the results thus can be seen before implementation.This study introduces a special purpose simulation program package developed for urban traffic network. The input of the package is data on roads, intersections, signalization lights, stops, traffic load and objective function parameters. Required changes to test differing management decisions can be made easily through keywords supplied and simulation may be repeated. A powerful user language designed and developed for use in data input, operation, and output is also an integral part of the package. Waiting times of vehicles, time and distance of trip, average speed, queue lengths and other statistical results are the output of the package. Such results can also be utilised automatically in evaluating a cost function declared by user in order to test various traffic management decisions.
Is there any need for combined continuous discrete simulation languages?
Authors: Kettenis Dik L.
Published: January 2007

With the help of an example it is shown that there is a need for simulation languages for combined continuous and discrete models. Giving an overview of some necessary language constructs, the new COSMOS simulation language is presented. COSMOS is a process oriented simulation language, and as such it has inherited some of the language constructs of SIMULA. The power of the language is illustrated by two examples, describing models where the number of active copies of the processes varies during the simulation period.
A product liability cost and risk funding model
Authors: Lackman Conway L.
Published: January 2007

U. S. Government Regulations requiring 1982 car models to be equipped with Air Cushion Restraint Systems (ACRS) as standard equipment necessitated an estimate of product liability cost (PLC) for both the manufacturers of autos and ACRS's.
Review of "Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queueing and Computer Science Application, by K. S. Trivedi"
Authors: Agrawala Ashok K.
Published: January 2007

Probability and Statistical techniques are of significant importance in many fields and are taught to the students with varying backgrounds and interest. An instructor can provide strong motivation by selecting relevant examples suitable for the students. In most of the traditional fields such as electrical engineering, physics, and economics a number of texts are available at nearly all levels of undergraduate/graduate programs. As the use of probability and stochastic processes is relatively new in computer science, the book "Probability and Statistics with Reliability, Queueing and Computer Science Application", Prentice-Hall 1982, by Professor K. S. Trivedi seems to meet a strong need.
The society for computer simulation
Authors: Pratt Charles A.
Published: January 2007

On November 7, 1952, 39 representatives of 13 organizations met at the Colonial House in Oxnard, California, to discuss the formation of an association for simulation. The meeting was arranged, with the encouragement of his wife, Suzette, by John McLeod, who was then employed at the United States Naval Air Missile Test Center at Point Mugu, California. The group decided to form an organization, which they called the Simulation Council. The stated objective, as determined after some discussion, was "to increase the effectiveness and broaden the application of simulation."
VNS
Authors: Domka Walter F. , Freiling Michael J.
Published: January 2007

A software system to study network algorithms was implemented on UNIX. Each part of a network algorithm can be written as a single C program which becomes a virtual node in the network. During a simulation all virtualized nodes run as separate processes on a single PDP 11/44. Internode communication is carried out with procedures local to each node, to send and receive inter-node messages to and from a message queuing process. Communication between nodes is effected by use of virtual links which are specified in the simulated network's topology. The links are implemented on inter-process pipes between the message queuing process and the node processes. Run-time support routines include communication facilities and a mechanism for recording communication histories.
Computer-assisted planning model for school districts
Authors: Nielsen Robert A. , LoCascio Vincent R.
Published: January 2007

As demands for improved public school education intensify and become increasingly uncompromising, educators are striving to learn how to make critical decisions better and more quickly. While they recognize the need for installing sophisticated planning and control systems, they also realize that from a practical standpoint such systems must carry a reasonable price tag, require only a moderate amount of time to implement, and be simple enough for non-technical people to understand and use.
Computer measurement and evaluation
Authors: Bell Thomas E.
Published: January 2007

Effort invested in computer measurement and evaluation is clearly increasing, but the results of this increasing investment may be unfortunate. The undeniable value of the results and the enthusiasm of participants may be leading to unrealizable expectations. The present artistry needs to be converted into a science for achieving a solid future; the most fruitful direction may be the synthesis of individual, empirical discoveries combined with testing hypotheses about performance relationships.
Simulation models in regional planning
Authors: Irwin Neal A. , McNally R. Andrew
Published: January 2007

Because of the increasing complexity of the activities which shape and influence regional development, and the myriad interaction between these activities, the regional planner is relying more and more on mathematical techniques to understand those processes that describe the "regional system." Moreover, the same mathematical techniques can be employed to test the impact of policy decisions on the appropriate set of primary and secondary activities. For example, a proposal to create a major highdensity center of employment and residential development, could generate traffic demands far in excess of the road network capacity within and adjacent to the center. This can be considered a primary impact. The road congestion, in turn, can cause a shift in the modal split (that is, the percentage of total trips by auto and transit), causing more people to travel to the center by public transit. This can be considered as a secondary impact.
Uniform random number generator by shift register method
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

The quixotic quest for the perfect random number generator has been an overriding factor for a group of simulation purists. Although we have developed a series of tests for the evaluation of random number generators, only a few of us engaged in modeling and simulation have actually taken the time to analyze the generators we use; most are willing to accept the random number generators available on the system -- just because it is there!
The history of SIGSIM
Authors: Brandin Dave
Published: January 2007

This brief article describes the history of SIGSIM during its formative years (1967--1969) and explains the motivation and forces surrounding the creation of the SIG.
A quarterly SIGSIM publication
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

A complete set of the four issues of VOLUME THREE of SIGSIM
Simuletter
, bound as a single copy, is now available. These spiral-bound volumes are available at the price of $7.00 a copy for SIGSIM members and $10.00 a copy to others, if and only if the order is accompanied by a check or money order. Any orders received without money will be charged $2.00 extra for hnadling charges.
What hath got Roth
Authors: Roth Paul
Published: January 2007

A great deal of our consciousness is affected by symbols. Symbols are useful as stimuli to provoke connotation or identification. Mnemonics and achronyms are widely used forms of symbolism and they reach the epitome of penetration in the area of computer languages.
A trucking firm problem
Authors: Schriber Thomas J.
Published: January 2007

A trucking firm has a contract with 8 different stores under which it agrees to deliver packages for them within a small urban area. Packages are placed on a loading dock each day at each of the stores, at 8:00 a.m., and again at 1:00 p.m. Each store simultaneously lets the dispatching agent at the trucking firm know how many "new" packages have just been made available for delivery. (Note that, at any particular 8:00 a.m. or 1:00 p.m., there may still be "old" packages on the loading dock, which the trucking firm has not yet gotten around to picking up.) The dispatching agent consequently knows at all times exactly how many packages are waiting for pickup at each of the 8 stores.
A short presentation of the SIMULA programming language
Authors: Palme Jacob
Published: January 2007

SIMULA is an advanced programming language comparable in power to PL/I or Algol 68. SIMULA is an extension of Algol 60 and contains amost the whole of Algol 60 as a subset. In addition to this, the language contains features for list structures, text processing, direct access i/o, formatted i/o, quasiparallel processes (coroutines) and discrete event simulations.
Structured model development techniques
Authors: Willis Ronald R.
Published: January 2007

New software development methodologies such as top-down development, structured programming, and modular design have obvious and reported benefits in improving software quality and reducing software development costs. Since computer simulation languages are themselves software languages, and since credibility and modifiability are never more stressed than in models, the application of these methodologies to simulation languages seems appropriate.The three development methods, top-down development, structured programming, and process construction are considered in their application to computer simulation for program design analysis. While, potentially, each is shown to have significant positive effect in the quality of model product, some also lead to negative effects when used improperly; to implement a new development method which enhances model quality at the cost of model representation can severely degrade the credibility of results. The positive benefits of product quality must be weighed against the negative effects of noncredible results when these techniques are considered for computer system simulation.By accurately representing the system to be investigated in simulation language terms, assurance of the accuracy of results is maintained. If the process of accurate representation were considered as a development methodology itself, then model quality both as a software product and as an analysis tool is possible by supplementing new development techniques with representative modelling.The combination of these two techniques takes us one step further "towards a more mature discipline" as discussed by D. J. Lasser in (15) in that we are using structured translation techniques from real-system to model, validating models directly against the real-system, and increasing mutual understanding between the modeller and model customer via a representative model.Therefore, each of top-down development, structured programming, and process construction are first discussed as they are applicable to general software systems; second, as they are applicable to computer simulation models; and, lastly, how they can be used in conjunction with a representative modelling methodology to enhance both model quality and modelling results.
A discrete system simulation package for a mini computer
Authors: Wallace C. S. , Harper D. , Hagan R.
Published: January 2007

Although the breadth and quality of the software available for 16-bit mini computers has improved dramatically in recent years, there are few if any mini computers for which a general purpose discrete simulation language or package is available. As many modern minis have sufficient computation power and storage to attack non-trivial simulation problems, this lack is surprising and unfortunate. In this paper, we describe a general purpose discrete simulation package which has been implemented on a Hewlett-Packard 2100A mini computer at Monash University, using Fortran as a host language.
Introduction to the use of activity cycles as a basis for system's decomposition and simulation
Authors: Hutchinson George K.
Published: January 2007

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the concept of activity cycles and discuss their use as the basis for the decomposition of complex systems. Furthermore, it is shown that activity cycles provide a sound and logical basis for system simulation. Activity cycles are defined and illustrated in the context of a simple production system. The simple rules necessary to simulate a system, based upon an activity cycle diagram, are given and used in simulating the production system. The production system is then expanded to demonstrate the power of activity cycle concepts to handle complex problems.
The digital simulation of river plankton population dynamics
Authors: Claudson R. Mark
Published: January 2007

This paper deals with the development of a mathematical model for and the digital simulation in Fortran IV of phytoplankton and zooplankton population densities in a river using previously developed rate expressions. In order to study the relationships between the ecological mechanisms involved, the simulation parameters were varied illustrating the response of the ecosystem to different conditions, including those corresponding to certain types of chemical and thermal pollution. As an investigation of the accuracy of the simulation methods, a simulation of the actual population dynamics of Asterionella in the Columbia River was made based on approximations of conditions in that river. Although not totally accurate, the simulation was found to predict the general annual pattern of plankton growth fairly well and, specifically, revealed the importance of the annual velocity cycle in determining such patterns. In addition, the study demonstrates the usefulness of digital simulations in the examinations of certain aquatic ecosystems, as well as in environmental planning involving such examinations.
More on simulation gaming
Authors: Coombs Don H.
Published: January 2007

This is the fourteenth in a series of profiles documenting experiences with the use of instructional technology at two dozen colleges and universities. A look at what has been learned at these places may benefit others considering new ways to teach. This report is a sequel to a story in the previous issue of Planning called, "Games? They're a Serious Approach to Learning," which dealt with the value of gaming as an instructional technique, with classroom uses of simulation games, and with "street corner" suggestions on how to introduce them into your own institution. In this continuation, the way an entire course can be shaped around a single game is described. Projects established to promote and support gaming, and sources for more information on the subject, are also presented. Don H. Coombs is Director, School of Communication, University of Idaho, and the editor of Simulation/Gaming/News. The reports in this series are supported by a special grant to EFL from The Ford Foundation.
Comparison of three major time
Authors: Adcock Ken R.
Published: January 2007

Most financial modeling languages have many common features. This paper is an attempt to put three such languages on common footing. No attempt is made to determine which one is superior as obviously different users have different requirements and, of course, the attributes of the time-sharing vendor must also be considered. To grade a vendor as to documentation, customer support, network availability, cost effectiveness, etc. is outside the scope of the paper.
Some experiments in directory organization
Authors: Reiter Allen
Published: January 2007

Using a simulation model, experiments were conducted on various directory organization schemes and their performance implications. In particular we tested the effects of a multiprogrammed environment on system throughput for retrieval operations. Analysis of the results shows that different factors are relevant to performance for the various systems, and that under some circumstances ISAM and nasn-coding may lose the advantages they possess over B-trees in a stand-alone environment when multiprogramming is used. Some results of sharing data among simultaneous users are also presented.
Rules for preparing manuscript
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

Most outstanding research conducted in the field of modeling and simulation of urban systems since Plato.
Geometric distribution generator
Authors: Koppelaar Henk
Published: January 2007

In this paper we show via an application in simulating Mastery Learning the use of geometrically distributed random numbers n, [EQUATION]. A Fortran program for this task is presented and a proof of correctness is given.
Simulation modeling and methodology
Authors: Shannon Robert E.
Published: January 2007

Simulation is one of the most powerful analysis tools available to those responsible for the design and/or operation of complex processes or systems. It is heavily based upon computer science, mathematics, probability theory and statistics: yet the process of simulation modeling and experimentation remains very much an intuitive art. Simulation is a very general and somewhat ill-defined subject. For the purpose of this paper, we will define simulation as, "the or process of designing a computerized model of a system (or process) and conducting experiments with this model for the purpose either of understanding the behavior of the system and/or of evaluating various strategies for the operation of the system." Thus we will understand the process of simulation to include both the construction of the model and the analytical use of the model for studying a Problem.
The economics of simulation
Authors: Gray Paul
Published: January 2007

This paper presents a framework for decision making about simulations before committing resources. The viewpoint is that of a manager who must decide whether to solve a problem by simulation or by some other means. A decision-analysis type model is introduced to allow the manager to determine the minimum cost method of simulation within the operating and policy constraints of his organization. Two case examples using the metholology are presented.
MDSL
Authors: Adamowicz Michael , Mirza Jamshed
Published: January 2007

MDSL, which stands for Microcomputer Design and Simulation Language, is one of an ever growing number of computer hardware design (or description) languages or CHDL's. The introduction of any new language, particularly a new CHDL, is accompanied by a number of WHYs. Why should anyone bother to develop a CHDL? Why did we bother to develop a new one? Why did MDSL take the form it did?
Successful simulation of complex systems with SIMSCRIPT II.5
Authors: Annino J. S. , Russell E. C.
Published: January 2007

Digital simulation is an effective method of pretesting proposed systems, plans or policies prior to the development of expensive prototypes, field tests or actual implementations. In simulation analysis the computer traces out in detail the implications and consequences of a proposed system or course of action. Compared with other forms of analysis, simulation is more realistic, more easily understood and more conclusive. Because the results are easier to understand, the conclusions receive wider acceptance.
SIMBAS
Authors: Daley James
Published: January 2007

A process-oriented simulation language is described, which is an extension of BASIC, is implementable using an existing BASIC interpreter, and uses the general semaphore as a modeling primitive. Examples and a discussion of the implementation are included.
Simulation of double pendulum motion
Authors: Taylor Randolph J.
Published: January 2007

This study illustrates the development and use of a continuous simulation model as a tool for analyzing the motion of two connected pendulums. A mathematical model of the system is presented. The simulation model is developed from this system model and then validated.
A stochastic CAI model for assisting in the design of football strategy
Authors: Bisland Ralph B.
Published: January 2007

This article describes a FORTRAN based interactive stochastic simulation model intended to assist collegiate football strategists in the design and evaluation of various offensive strategies. The model does exist and has been partially validated.
Methods for modelling and generating probabilistic components in digital computer simulation when the standard distributions are not adequate
Authors: Schmeiser Bruce
Published: January 2007

Methods of modelling probabilistic components which are not adequately represented by the standard continuous distributions (such as normal, gamma, and Weibull) are surveyed. The methods are categorized as systems of distributions, approximations to the cumulative distribution function, and four-parameter distributions. Emphasis is on generality, determination of appropriate parameter values, and random variate generation.
Risk
Authors: Derus Kenneth H. , Hansen John C.
Published: January 2007

The formula for Fair Risk-Compensation (hereafter, FRC) in betting situations is usually expressed as B/p(W), where B is the amount bet and p(W) is the probability of winning. (The psychological interpretation is clear. If an individual has 1 - p(W) chances of losing his investment-- where 1 - p(W)>p(W), he must stand to gain, should he win, in proportion to his chances of winning; otherwise there is no point to undertaking the risk in the first place.) This formula is highly misleading. It is a trivial matter to construct betting policies where p(L) # 1 - p(W). (I. e. - where the probability of having to pay out money is not equal to the probability of not taking in money.)
An interactive debugging facility for GPSS
Authors: Henriksen James O.
Published: January 2007

This paper describes the interactive debugging feature of GPSS/H (1), a new implementation of GPSS for IBM 360/370 computers. In GPSS/H, interactive debugging of a simulation model is carried out by means of a simple, but powerful command language. Commands are provided to selectively display model data on a terminal, to set breakpoints at arbitrary points in a model, and to step through a model one or more blocks at a time. An overview of the command language and an illustrative example of its use are presented in this paper.
Subset selection procedures with special reference to the analysis of two-way layout
Authors: Gupta Shanti S. , Hsu Jason C.
Published: January 2007

In this paper, the origin of selection and ranking problems is discussed. Then the two basic approaches to the selection problem - the indifference zone approach and the subset selection approach - are reviewed briefly. As an application, Gupta's subset selection procedure is applied to motorvehicle fatality data which fits into a two-way layout.
Documenting simulation studies for management
Authors: Cooley Belva J.
Published: January 2007

This paper provides a discussion of the purposes of simulation documentation and the role of documentation in gaining management acceptance and implementation of recommendations. A documentation approach is suggested which is directed toward providing management with an end-product, documentation, which will be useful in decision making. Guidelines are given for writing simulation documentations which are aimed at several levels of management audiences.
Documentation
Authors: Metcalfe Marcia A.
Published: January 2007

The Software Design and Documentation Language (SDDL) has proven to be an effective, automated documentation tool. This paper presents the purpose, timing, and components of documentation. SDDL is introduced and related to the different timing scenarios; its capability to provide reasonable documentation is discussed and demonstrated by the use of several examples.
Recursive optimization-simulation modeling for the analysis of ambulatory health care facilities
Authors: Kropp Dean H. , Hershey John C.
Published: January 2007

The overall planning problem of an ambulatory health care facility is often attacked using either linear programming or simulation models. This paper discusses each method and then describes a third method -- recursive modeling -- which capitalizes on the advantages and minimizes the disadvantages of the other two methods. Methods of variance reduction and data analysis are also discussed.
Simulation language development for health care systems analysis
Authors: Roberts Stephen D.
Published: January 2007

Two simulation language developments are described which facilitate the modeling of health care systems. The languages are based on a network format to promote model description and create a communications vehicle for participatory modeling. INS is a general purpose simulation language especially useful in operational environments where problems can be described as a network of queues. SLN is oriented to the modeling of decisions which can be described by a network of logical or decision processes. Both languages are well documented and written in standard FORTRAN for portability.
Using simulation in health manpower planning
Authors: Standridge Charles R.
Published: January 2007

This paper discusses the development of a health manpower planning model for the primary health care system of Indiana. The model developed was a GASP IV based simulation model. In the course of this research, several other issues were found to be as important as model building. These included data acquisition, analysis, and management, definition of system performance measures and the development of a team effort including physicians and systems analysts. Moreover, strengths and weaknesses of using a simulation approach in the analysis of the health manpower system became apparent as the research progressed.
EPIMOD
Authors: Highland Harold Joseph
Published: January 2007

The use of the computer in education has expanded exponentially in the past quarter of a century. And the use of computer simulation models has proven highly successful as a mode for individual student experimentation. EPIMOD - an epidemic simulation model - was created by the author to provide the scenario to expose health science students (as well as computer science majors) to decision-making techniques and to the analysis of many of the societal problems related to health care services.
A profile of simulation modelers
Authors: Solomon Susan L.
Published: January 2007

A paper discussing some issues germane to the preparation and interests of simulation professionals was published in the Proceedings of the 1979 Annual Simulation Symposium. A portion of the presentation at the Symposium was based on a questionnaire circulated at the 1978 Winter Simulation Conference and was compiled too late for inclusion in the Proceedings copy. The same questionnaire was distributed in registration packets at the 1979 Annual Simulation Symposium. The results of the latter survey have now been tallied. Some interesting similarities and differences present themselves. The questionnaire and results for the two groups are shown below. In each case, column 1 shows the percentage of the 35 Winter Simulation Conference attendees who responded affirmatively, while column 2 shows the comparable percentage of the 59 Annual Simulation Symposium attendees who responded affirmatively.
Man-machine project management system for new products development
Authors: Tsuhara Susumu , Seki Susumu , Nakamura Koji , Namiki Toshiro
Published: January 2007

Man-machine project management system for new products development has been developed. It possesses the following three functions. (1) Planning the optimum inspection project, (2) Project scheduling with limited resources and (3) Man-machine project prediction and evaluation. In this paper, the necessity of these functions is described. Authors will also refer to the realization methods.
Simulation of a queueing problem with balking
Authors: van Tits M. H. L. , van der Veeken H. J. M.
Published: January 2007

Queueing theory becomes considerably more complicated if impatient customers fail to join the queue, so-called balking. Analytical results have been obtained for the standard queueing problem (M/M/1) with balking, i.e., formulae have been derived for the expected queue-length and the expected waiting-time. This report describes an investigation into the general validity of these formulae. Since an analytical approach to the problem has so far proved to be unfeasible, simulation was used. We tried to construct an efficient simulation model. The model was analysed using regenerative properties - a technique which provides a solution to the problem of correlated simulation observations. The results we found were partly an extension of the standard queueing theory and partly an indication for further theoretical investigation.
The effects of randomly generated disturbances and fiscal policy on an aggregate demand macroeconomic model
Authors: Klafehn K. A. , Kuzdrall P. J.
Published: January 2007

This paper examines the effects of stochastic disturbances on the final output (GNP) of an economy. A GPSS econometric model was constructed, tested, and validated. Utilizing the model, various strategies (fiscal policies) were examined in an effort to reduce the variance in GNP that is caused by the random disturbances of the exogenous variable, fixed investment. The policy considerations were incorporated into the model using feedback mechanisms which predict GNP. The resulting impact of the strategies are discussed. This model lends insight to the economic planner to evaluate the alternatives in a dynamic framework as contrasted to the classical comparative static analysis.
General approach to formulation and solution of simulation models
Authors: Iyengar S. Sitharama
Published: January 2007

This paper will report on a general approach to the formulation and solution to simulation models.
GAP
Authors: Wimmert Robert J.
Published: January 2007

The GAP package has been developed to permit the linking of standard GPSS models to a series of FORTRAN subprograms. Since the GAP subprograms are transparent to the user, knowledge of the FORTRAN language is not needed. GAP provides an easy mechanism to obtain, among other things, values from a number of standard statistical distributions, permits the loading of MSAVEVALUEs and other SNAs using data cards and provides statistical analysis of the GPSS model output.
Tutorial on petri nets
Authors: D'Angelo Gregory J.
Published: January 2007

Petri nets are a flowcharting technique used to model asynchronous and concurrent processes. There have been many articles written on them and various other modifications of the Petri net language. This paper cannot describe all aspects of Petri nets and latter spinoffs in detail, but is intended to give a general overview of their functionality and uses.
The bivariate beta distribution
Authors: Macomber James H. , Myers Buddy L.
Published: January 2007

The bivariate and multivariate beta distributions may provide appropriate stochastic models for a number of processes, particularly those involving random proportions. Researchers may therefore find it necessary to estimate the parameters of such distributions or generate Monte Carlo samples with known parameter values. Two possible generating technique for beta bivariates are presented and compared in this paper. Estimating equations for the three parameters of the bivariate beta distribution are presented. These use the method of moments, the only tractable estimating techniques and an analysis of their properties is also presented.This paper focuses on the bivariate beta distribution, but a user of a higher-dimensioned beta model will be able to make use of the discussion herein to provide assistance in determining many of the properties of such a model.
Fast Dump Restore (FDR)
Authors: Mazzone John , Stout Larry
Published: January 2007

FAST DUMP RESTORE (FDR) is a program product developed and marketed by INNOVATION DATA PROCESSING since May, 1972 and which is currently installed in 2,600 sites in the USA and CANADA and in over 1000 sites overseas. Based on FDR's acceptance by the D. P. community it would be accurate to say that FDR is the standard dump/restore utility most OS, VS and MVS data centers.
Simulated demand in large-scale batch processing acquisitions
Authors: Newkirk Ross T. , Mullin James K.
Published: January 2007

The authors present this paper in the context of a successful acquisition of a multi user large scale batch processing system. They discuss the role of simulated demand (a) in determining basic system requirements, (b) as the major part of system specifications made available to vendors and (c) as a major tool in system testing and evaluation.They discuss the simulation of demand profiles from statistical records and user interviews and how this led to specifying minimum system requirements. The integration of simulated demand in formal system specifications is detailed. In particular, the assembly of an adequate test package to permit vendors to provide meaningful responses with their proposals is of interest. The authors show how an extensive series of benchmark programs and kernel routines were assembled to test adequately total system performance under various combinations. The evaluation process in terms of performance graphs in light of the initial specifications is reviewed.In summary, the authors discuss the results of specification, evaluation, selection and installation process in light of system suitability experienced after an initial period of use.
PL/I process generators
Authors: Reddy Y. V.
Published: January 2007

The following is a listing of several process generators implemented in PL/I. These were adopted from similar programs implemented in SIMSCRIPT II and published in the SIMSCRIPT II implementation manual. The Assembly Language version of the pseudo random number generator was adopted from a listing published in CACM, Feb. 1969. All programs raise a CONDITION (@ERR), if improper arguments are passed. The error conditions and the calling arguments are self explanatory. These routines allow for ten separate streams of random numbers. The seed values are initialized in the routine RANDOM.