bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimizing vacuum drying process of polyphenols, flavanols and DPPH radical scavenging assay in pod husk and bean shell cocoa
Authors: Ramos-Escudero Fernando , Casimiro-Gonzales Sandra , Cádiz-Gurrea María de la Luz , Cancino Chávez Keidy , Basilio-Atencio Jaime , Ordoñez Elizabeth S. , Muñoz Ana María , Segura-Carretero Antonio
Published: August 2023

The objective of this study was to optimize different vacuum drying conditions for cocoa pod husk and cocoa bean shell in order to enhance these by-products for commercial applications. To carry out the optimization, the response surface methodology was applied using a Box–Behnken experimental design with 15 experiments for which different conditions of temperature (X1), drying time (X2) and vacuum pressure (X3) were established. The response variables were the content of total polyphenols, the content of flavanols and the radical scavenging activity evaluated in the extracts of the different experiments. Temperature (50–70 °C), drying time (3–12 h) and vacuum pressure (50–150 mbar) were considered as independent variables. The main factors affecting the response variables were temperature, followed by vacuum pressure. For the content of polyphenols, the optimal response values predicted for the cocoa pod husk was 11.17 mg GAE/g with a confidence limit (95%) of 9.05 to 13.28 mg GAE/g (optimal conditions: 65 °C, 8 h and 75 mbar), while for the cocoa bean shell cocoa was 29.61 mg GAE/g with a confidence limit (95%) of 26.95 to 32.26 mg GAE/g (optimal conditions: 50 °C, 5 h and 100 mbar). Therefore, results of this study suggest a high content of phenolic compounds obtained from these by-products that show relevance as functional ingredients for application in the food, nutraceutical, and cosmeceutical industries.
Nonlinear strict distance and similarity measures for intuitionistic fuzzy sets with applications to pattern classification and medical diagnosis
Authors: Wu Xinxing , Tang Huan , Zhu Zhiyi , Liu Lantian , Chen Guanrong , Yang Miin-Shen
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we propose a new type of nonlinear strict distance and similarity measures for intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). Our proposed methods not only have good properties, but also improve the drawbacks proposed by Mahanta and Panda (Int J Intell Syst 36(2):615–627, 2021) in which, for example, their distance value of $$d_{_{\textrm{MP}}}(\langle \mu , \nu \rangle , \langle 0, 0\rangle )$$

d

MP

(

⟨
μ
,
ν
⟩

,

⟨
0
,
0
⟩

)

is always equal to the maximum value 1 for any intuitionistic fuzzy number $$\langle \mu , \nu \rangle \ne \langle 0, 0\rangle $$

⟨
μ
,
ν
⟩
≠
⟨
0
,
0
⟩

. To resolve these problems in Mahanta and Panda (Int J Intell Syst 36(2):615–627, 2021), we establish a nonlinear parametric distance measure for IFSs and prove that it satisfies the axiomatic definition of strict intuitionistic fuzzy distances and preserves all advantages of distance measures. In particular, our proposed distance measure can effectively distinguish different IFSs with high hesitancy. Meanwhile, we obtain that the dual similarity measure and the induced entropy of our proposed distance measure satisfy the axiomatic definitions of strict intuitionistic fuzzy similarity measure and intuitionistic fuzzy entropy. Finally, we apply our proposed distance and similarity measures to pattern classification, decision making on the choice of a proper antivirus face mask for COVID-19, and medical diagnosis problems, to illustrate the effectiveness of the new methods.
Excessive excitability of inhibitory cortical circuit and disturbance of ballistic targeting movement in degenerative cerebellar ataxia
Authors: Matsugi Akiyoshi , Nishishita Satoru , Bando Kyota , Kikuchi Yutaka , Tsujimoto Keigo , Tanabe Yuto , Yoshida Naoki , Tanaka Hiroaki , Douchi Shinya , Honda Takeru , Odagaki Masato , Nakano Hideki , Okada Yohei , Mori Nobuhiko , Hosomi Koichi
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to investigate abnormalities in inhibitory cortical excitability and motor control during ballistic-targeting movements in individuals with degenerative cerebellar ataxia (DCA). Sixteen participants took part in the study (DCA group [n = 8] and healthy group [n = 8]). The resting motor-threshold and cortical silent period (cSP) were measured in the right-hand muscle using transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left primary motor cortex. Moreover, the performance of the ballistic-targeting task with right wrist movements was measured. The Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia was used to evaluate the severity of ataxia. The results indicated that the cSP was significantly longer in participants with DCA compared to that in healthy controls. However, there was no correlation between cSP and severity of ataxia. Furthermore, cSP was linked to the ballistic-targeting task performance in healthy participants but not in participants with DCA. These findings suggest that there is excessive activity in the gamma-aminobutyric acid-mediated cortical inhibitory circuit in individuals with DCA. However, this increase in inhibitory activity not only fails to contribute to the control of ballistic-targeting movement but also shows no correlation with the severity of ataxia. These imply that increased excitability in inhibitory cortical circuits in the DCA may not contribute the motor control as much as it does in healthy older adults under limitations associated with a small sample size. The study's results contribute to our understanding of motor control abnormalities in people with DCA and provide potential evidence for further research in this area.
Spatiotemporal analysis and predicting rainfall trends in a tropical monsoon-dominated country using MAKESENS and machine learning techniques
Authors: Monir Md. Moniruzzaman , Rokonuzzaman Md. , Sarker Subaran Chandra , Alam Edris , Islam Md. Kamrul , Islam Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
Published: August 2023

Spatiotemporal rainfall trend analysis as an indicator of climatic change provides critical information for improved water resource planning. However, the spatiotemporal changing behavior of rainfall is much less understood in a tropical monsoon-dominated country like Bangladesh. To this end, this research aims to analyze spatiotemporal variations in rainfall for the period 1980–2020 over Bangladesh at seasonal and monthly scales using MAKESENS, the Pettitt test, and innovative trend analysis. Multilayer Perception (MLP) neural network was used to predict the next 8 years' rainfall changes nationally in Bangladesh. To investigate the spatial pattern of rainfall trends, the inverse distance weighting model was adopted within the ArcGIS environment. Results show that mean annual rainfall is 2432.6 mm, of which 57.6% was recorded from July to August. The Mann–Kendall trend test reveals that 77% of stations are declining, and 23% have a rising trend in the monthly rainfall. More than 80% of stations face a declining trend from November to March and August. There is a declining trend for seasonal rainfall at 82% of stations during the pre-monsoon, 75% during the monsoon, and 100% during the post-monsoon. A significant decline trend was identified in the north-center during the pre-monsoon, the northern part during the monsoon, and the southern and northwestern portions during the post-monsoon season. Predicted rainfall by MLP till 2030 suggests that there will be little rain from November to February, and the maximum fluctuating rainfall will occur in 2025 and 2027–2029. The ECMWF ERA5 reanalysis data findings suggested that changing rainfall patterns in Bangladesh may have been driven by rising or reducing convective precipitation rates, low cloud cover, and inadequate vertically integrated moisture divergence. Given the shortage of water resources and the anticipated rise in water demand, the study's findings have some implications for managing water resources in Bangladesh.
Comprehensive study of algal blooms variation in Jiaozhou Bay based on google earth engine and deep learning
Authors: Guan Bin , Ning Shaowei , Ding Xu , Kang Dawei , Song Jiale , Yuan Hongwei
Published: August 2023

The Jiaozhou Bay ecosystem, a crucial marine ecosystem in China, has been plagued by frequent harmful algal blooms as due to deteriorating water quality and eutrophication. This study analyzed the temporal and spatial changes of harmful algal blooms in Jiaozhou Bay from 2000 to 2022 using the Floating Algae Index (FAI) calculated from MODIS (2000–2022) and Sentinel-2 (2015–2022) satellite image datasets. The calculation results of the image datasets were compared. The frequency of planktonic algal outbreaks was low and constant until 2017, but has increased annually since then. Algae blooms are most common in the summer and primarily concentrated along the bay’s coast, middle, and mouth, with obvious seasonal and spatial distribution characteristics. Several factors influencing algal outbreaks were identified, including sea surface temperature, wind speed, air pressure, dissolved oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus ratios, chemical oxygen demand, and petroleum pollutants. Algal bloom outbreaks in Jiaozhou Bay are expected to remain high in 2023. The findings provide crucial information for water quality management and future algal outbreak prediction and prevention in Jiaozhou Bay.
Screening and identification of genes related to ferroptosis in keratoconus
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , Deng Qing , Han Zhe , Ni Feixue , Sun Daxi , Xu Yuxue
Published: August 2023

Corneal keratoconus (KC) is a dilated (ectatic) corneal disease characterized by a central thinning of the cornea, which causes protrusion into a conical shape that seriously affects vision. However, due to the complex etiology of keratoconus, its entire mechanism remains unclear and there is no mechanism-directed treatment method. Ferroptosis is a novel programmed cell death mechanism related to lipid peroxidation, stress, and amino acid metabolism, which plays a crucial role in various diseases. This study aimed to explore the relationship between keratoconus and ferroptosis, to provide new insights into the mechanism of keratoconus development, and potential treatment options based on further elucidation of this mechanism. The corresponding mRNA microarray expression matrix data of KC patients were obtained from GEO database (GSE204791). Weighted co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) and support vector machine recursive feature elimination (SVM-RFE) were selected to screen hub genes, which were overlapped with ferroptosis genes (FRGs) from FerrDb. GO and GSEA were performed to analyze differential pathways, ssGSEA was used to determine immune status, and then, feasible drugs were predicted by gene-drug network. Additionally, we predicted the miRNA and IncRNA of hub genes to identify the underlying mechanism of disease so as to predict treatment for the disease. The epithelial transcriptome from keratoconus tissue mRNA microarray data (GSE204791) was extracted for the main analysis, including eight epithelial cells and eight epithelial control cells. The differential genes that were overlapped by WGCAN, SVM-RFE and FRGs were mainly related to oxidative stress, immune regulation, cellular inflammation, and metal ion transport. Through further analysis, aldo–keto reductase family 1 member C3 (AKR1C3) was selected, and negatively correlated with mature CD56 natural killer (NK) cells and macrophages. Then, gene-drug interaction network analysis and miRNA prediction were performed through the website. It was concluded that four immune-related drugs (INDOMETHACIN, DAUNORUBICIN, DOXORUBICIN, DOCETAXEL) and a miRNA (has-miR-184) were screened to predict potential drugs and targets for disease treatment. To our knowledge, this was the first report of KC being associated with ferroptosis and prompted search for differential genes to predict drug targets of gene immunotherapy. Our findings provided insight and a solid basis for the analysis and treatment of KC.
Laser ablation plasma expansion using microwaves
Authors: Ikeda Yuji , Soriano Joey Kim , Ohba Hironori , Wakaida Ikuo
Published: August 2023

This study explores the potential of utilizing microwaves to sustain the expansion of transient laser ablation plasma of Zr target. By application of microwaves on the plasma, we observe a significant enhancement with a two to three order of magnitude increase in the plasma emission intensity, and 18 times increase in the plasma’s spatial volume. We investigate the temperature change of the plasma and observe that it decreases from 10,000 K to approximately 3000 K. Electron temperature decreased with volume expansion owing to increased surrounding air interaction, while the plasma can be sustained in air using microwaves. The increase in electron temperature during temperature drop is indicative of non-equilibrium plasma. Our results emphasize the contribution of microwaves in promoting enhanced emission and plasma formation at controlled, low temperature, thereby demonstrating the potential of microwaves to enhance the accuracy and performance of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Importantly, our study suggests that microwaves could also mitigate the generation of toxic fumes and dust during ablation, a critical benefit when handling hazardous materials. The system we've developed is highly valuable for a range of applications, notably including the potential to reduce the possible emergence of toxic fumes during the decommissioning of nuclear debris.
High-order harmonics enhancement in laser-induced plasma
Authors: Ganeev Rashid A.
Published: August 2023

The methods of enhancement of the strong high-order harmonics of femtosecond pulses in laser-induced plasma are demonstrated. It comprises the application of the four techniques allowing the enhancement of harmonics in different spectral ranges. Among them are the selection of targets for ablation to create the conditions for resonance enhancement of single harmonic, formation of the quasi-phase-matching of a spectrally tunable group of harmonics, application of the two-color pump of plasma, and the formation of nanoparticles-contained plasmas. The number of generated coherent XUV photons increased in the region of single resonantly enhanced harmonic (62 nm) and the shorter-wavelength region (30–50 nm). The above techniques of harmonics enhancement allowed a significant (up to 50 times) growth in a whole harmonic yield in the case of indium plasma. We discuss the reasons preventing the joint implementation of the four methods of harmonics enhancement in the same spectral region.
Development of a decentralized cohort for studying post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in India in the Data4life Study
Authors: Schilling Josh , Shokouhi Sepideh , Montgomery Aisha , Nadkarni Girish N. , Charney Alexander W. , Shanker Anil , Singh Rajbir , Jhaveri Kenar , Singh Karandeep S. , Khadke Prashant , Jain Praduman
Published: August 2023

Background

Decentralized, digital health studies can provide real-world evidence of the lasting effects of COVID-19 on physical, socioeconomic, psychological, and social determinant factors of health in India. Existing research cohorts, however, are small and were not designed for longitudinal collection of comprehensive data from India’s diverse population. Data4Life is a nationwide, digitally enabled, health research initiative to examine the post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 across individuals, communities, and regions. Data4Life seeks to build an ethnically and geographically diverse population of at least 100,000 participants in India.

Methods

Here we discuss the feasibility of developing a completely decentralized COVID-19 cohort in India through qualitative analysis of data collection procedures, participant characteristics, participant perspectives on recruitment and reported study motivation.

Results

As of June 13th, 2022, more than 6,000 participants from 17 Indian states completed baseline surveys. Friend and family referral were identified as the most common recruitment method (64.8%) across all demographic groups. Helping family and friends was the primary reason reported for joining the study (61.5%).

Conclusions

Preliminary findings support the use of digital technology for rapid enrollment and data collection to develop large health research cohorts in India. This demonstrates the potential for expansion of digitally enabled health research in India. These findings also outline the value of person-to-person recruitment strategies when conducting digital health research in modern-day India. Qualitative analysis reveals opportunities to increase diversity and retention in real time. It also informs strategies for improving participant experiences in the current Data4Life initiative and future studies.
Quantum Dots in Medical Detection/Diagnosis
Authors: Jalal Nahid Rezvani , Mollarasouli Fariba , Jalali Sarvestani Mohammad Reza , Khalili Sina , Asadi Sepideh , Derakhshan Zahra , Madrakian Tayyebeh , Afkhami Abbas , Ahmadi Mazaher
Published: August 2023

One area of interest in nanotechnology, particularly in nanobiotechnology, is the study of optical and electrical phenomena related to nanometer-scale semiconductors. Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystals whose electrons and holes are quantum-confined in all three spatial dimensions. QDs’ unique optical features make them suitable for use as optical probes or as optically trackable biomolecule carriers for in vitro and in vivo research in biological applications. QDs can be used to target specific areas in vitro and in vivo by conjugating relevant functional biomolecules onto their surfaces. This chapter comprehensively describes the different aspects of QDs’ applications in the field of biomedical diagnosis.
An in situ grown ultrathin and robust protein nanocoating for mitigating thromboembolic issues associated with cardiovascular medical devices
Authors: Miao Bianliang , Liu Yi , Zhang Along , Cao Ye , Zhong Rui , Liu Jiaxin , Shao Zhengzhong
Published: August 2023

Protein ultrathin nanocoatings are fabricated in situ based on the interfacial cooperative assembly of silk fibroin and lysozyme. This nanocoating enhances the hemocompatibility of materials and mitigating thromboembolic issues.
Ruthenium ion catalysed C–C bond activation in lignin model compounds – towards lignin depolymerisation
Authors: Guadix-Montero Susana , Sainna Mala A. , Jin Jiangpeiyun , Reynolds Jack , Forsythe W. Graham , Sheldrake Gary N. , Willock David , Sankar Meenakshisundaram
Published: August 2023

Ruthenium ion catalyzed oxidative depolymerisation of lignin model hexamer.
Two-dimensional MXenes for flexible energy storage devices
Authors: An Yongling , Tian Yuan , Shen Hengtao , Man Quanyan , Xiong Shenglin , Feng Jinkui
Published: August 2023

The design strategies and internal mechanisms of MXene-based materials in flexible energy storage devices are comprehensively introduced. Besides, the current trends, limitations, and future outlooks are proposed.
Association of pre-diagnosis specific color groups of fruit and vegetable intake with ovarian cancer survival: results from the ovarian cancer follow-up study (OOPS)
Authors: Liu Yu-Yang , Gong Ting-Ting , Li Yi-Zi , Xu He-Li , Zheng Gang , Liu Fang-Hua , Qin Xue , Xiao Qian , Wu Qi-Jun , Huang Dong-Hui , Gao Song , Zhao Yu-Hong
Published: August 2023

Pre-diagnosis fruit and vegetable intake from various color groups, especially the green and red/purple ones, may improve OC survival.
Recent advances in the synthesis, characterization, and catalytic consequence of metal species confined within zeolite for hydrogen-related reactions
Authors: Liu Meng , Miao Caixia , Wu Zhijie
Published: August 2023

We summarize and discuss the progress in the synthesis and characterization of zeolite-encapsulated metal catalysts, and the consequences of encapsulation in terms of activity, selectivity, and stability for the hydrogen-related catalytic reactions.
Tuning nano-skyrmions and nano-skyrmioniums in Janus magnets
Authors: Dong H. M. , Fu P. P. , Duan Y. F. , Chang K.
Published: August 2023

We study non-trivial spin textures, nanoscale magnetic skyrmions and skyrmioniums, in two-dimensional (2D) Janus magnets, such as MnSTe and MnSeTe, based on the micromagnetism approach and Landau–Lifshitz–Gilbert (LLG) equation.
Janus nanoplates, -bowls, and -cups: controlling size and curvature via terpolymer/homopolymer blending in 3D confinement
Authors: Azhdari Suna , Post Yorick , Trömer Manuel , Coban Deniz , Quintieri Giada , Gröschel André H.
Published: August 2023

Shown are microparticles of SBT terpolymer blended with different amounts of PMMA homopolymer, which yield Janus nanoplates, -bowls, and -cups after cross-linking.
In vitro assessment of skin irritation and corrosion properties of graphene-related materials on a 3D epidermis
Authors: Carlin Michela , Garrido Marina , Sosa Silvio , Tubaro Aurelia , Prato Maurizio , Pelin Marco
Published: August 2023

Graphene-related materials are not skin corrosive and, if containing low surfactant residues, not skin irritant, as assessed on a 3D model of skin epidermis using the relevant OECD test guidelines.
Spontaneous formation of MoS2 nanoscrolls from flat monolayers with sulfur vacancies: a molecular dynamics investigation
Authors: Yang Ruhao , Ye Han , Sun Naizhang , Liu Wenjun
Published: August 2023

The spontaneous formation of transition metal dichalcogenide nanoscrolls from flat monolayers with sulfur vacancies is theoretically investigated by molecular dynamics simulations based on the reactive force field.
Dimension-dependent intrinsic point defect characteristics of binary photovoltaic materials
Authors: Cai Zhi-yuan , Gu Yue-hao , Liang Wen-hao , Tang Rong-feng , Chen Tao
Published: August 2023

Because the absorption layer materials in solar cells have different dimensions, they have different material properties. Defect formation energy can increase with the increase of material dimensions.
6-Exo-dig cyclization/dearomatization cascade towards N–O fused spiro polyheterocycles
Authors: Lv Zhenwei , Li Yan , Van der Eycken Erik V. , Cai Lingchao , Song Liangliang
Published: August 2023

A hypervalent iodine-mediated cascade cyclization of alkyne-tethered N-alkoxybenzamides for the construction of structurally novel N–O fused spiro polyheterocycles was developed.
ZnO-decorated green-synthesized multi-doped carbon dots from Chlorella pyrenoidosa for sustainable photocatalytic carbamazepine degradation
Authors: Fiszka Borzyszkowska Agnieszka , Sulowska Agnieszka , Czaja Paweł , Bielicka-Giełdoń Aleksandra , Zekker Ivar , Zielińska-Jurek Anna
Published: August 2023

Novel carbon dots (CDs) synthetized from microalga Chlorella pyrenoidosa were used to produce CDs-ZnO nanoparticles to enhance the photocatalytic performance of carbamazepine removal.
Lithiophilic SiO2 nanoparticle pillared MXene nanosheets for stable and dendrite-free lithium metal anodes
Authors: Wang Shuaiqi , Li Yaru , Zhou Xiaoze , Yang Yi , Chen Gang
Published: August 2023

The MXene/SiO2 anode is composed of lithiophilic SiO2 nanoparticle pillared MXene nanosheets. It can serve as a stable and dendrite-free Li metal anode and shows good electrochemical performances under the synergistic effects of MXene and SiO2.
Recyclable EGaIn/TPU sheath–core fibres for superelastic electronics and sensing applications
Authors: Wen Ziqi , Zhou Jingyu , Zhao Shanshan , Chen Shangbi , Zhang Dawei , Sheng Bin
Published: August 2023

The prepared TET fibre exhibits excellent strain sensing performances and can also be deformed into stretchable helical wire, even being recycled and reused.
Foes to friends: do pathogens hold the key to gene therapy?
Authors: Pearson Matthew , Yáñez-Muñoz Rafael J.
Published: August 2023

Imagine starting life with a disease where the chances of reaching a fifth birthday are unlikely, let alone making it to adulthood, and the only treatments available are palliative at best. This is the reality facing millions of individuals born with a rare genetic disease. Sometimes, due to a single DNA base change – out of a possible 3 billion – occurring in the wrong place. A simple spelling mistake! However, recent years have seen the first effective gene therapies being developed, based on supplementing patient cells with functional copies of the faulty genes, or using antisense oligonucleotides or small molecules to alter pre-mRNA processing. The challenges were how to deliver genes or alter gene expression in the diseased cells and how to do it safely, without negatively affecting other endogenous genes. The answers came in the form of viruses, small non-coding RNAs and bacterial proteins, which is somewhat ironic, because we are using infectious agents or mimetics of their products to help cure diseases. With old enemies turned allies, tool sets are now being assembled to tackle the most challenging of genetic diseases. This article explores some of those tool chests in further detail, using ataxia telangiectasia, spinal muscular atrophy and several other rare diseases to highlight progress and challenges.
Global Acoustic Speech Temporal Characteristics for Mandarin Speakers With Parkinson's Disease During Syllable Repetition and Passage Reading
Authors: He Deling , Feenaughty Lynda , Wan Qin
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

Previous research has revealed considerable variation in speech rates among English speakers with Parkinson's disease (PD) with slower, faster, or similar rates than controls. The purpose of this study was to characterize speech rates of Mandarin speakers with PD and the corresponding articulation and pause characteristics explaining the speech rates to enhance rate control therapies.

Method:

Eighteen Mandarin speakers with PD and 18 controls produced syllable repetitions and passage reading using their typical speech style. Speech rates, articulation rates, mean pause durations (≥ 10 ms), and the number of pauses with duration between 10 ms and 300 ms and greater than 300 ms were measured and compared between groups and tasks as well as across the initial, middle, and final periods of the passage. Two-way, mixed-model analyses of variance were employed for data analysis.

Results:

Compared to controls, individuals with PD spoke with similar speech rates and faster articulation rates during passage reading, whereas during syllable repetitions, they produced slower speech rates and comparable articulation rates. The slower syllable repetitions produced by speakers with PD may be explained by longer pauses and more perceptual pauses, whereas faster articulation rates may explain the trend of faster speech rates during reading. Speech and articulation rates accelerated for both groups during passage reading.

Conclusions:

Speech rates of Mandarin speakers with PD were characterized by faster articulation, longer pauses, and more perceptual pauses for passage reading. A descriptive model of speech rate suggested that speakers with PD and dysarthria in this study would benefit from rate reduction therapy decreasing articulation rate.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23982282
The Effects of Noise and Simulated Conductive Hearing Loss on Physiological Response Measures During Interactive Conversations
Authors: Aliakbaryhosseinabadi Susan , Keidser Gitte , May Tobias , Dau Torsten , Wendt Dorothea , Rotger-Griful Sergi
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of background noise and hearing attenuation associated with earplugs on three physiological measures, assumed to be markers of effort investment and arousal, during interactive communication.

Method:

Twelve pairs of older people (average age of 63.2 years) with age-adjusted normal hearing took part in a face-to-face communication to solve a Diapix task. Communication was held in different levels of babble noise (0, 60, and 70 dBA) and with two levels of hearing attenuation (0 and 25 dB) in quiet. The physiological measures obtained included pupil size, heart rate variability, and skin conductance. In addition, subjective ratings of perceived communication success, frustration, and effort were obtained.

Results:

Ratings of perceived success, frustration, and effort confirmed that communication was more difficult in noise and with approximately 25-dB hearing attenuation and suggested that the implemented levels of noise and hearing attenuation resulted in comparable communication difficulties. Background noise at 70 dBA and hearing attenuation both led to an initial increase in pupil size (associated with effort), but only the effect of the background noise was sustained throughout the conversation. The 25-dB hearing attenuation led to a significant decrease of the high-frequency power of heart rate variability and a significant increase of skin conductance level, measured as the average
z
value of the electrodermal activity amplitude.

Conclusion:

This study demonstrated that several physiological measures appear to be viable indicators of changing communication conditions, with pupillometry and cardiovascular as well as electrodermal measures potentially being markers of communication difficulty.
Morphological Interventions to Support Literacy From Kindergarten to Grade 12
Authors: Collins Ginger G.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The impact of morphological knowledge on students' literacy development has been well documented. The purpose of this tutorial is to illustrate how school-based speech-language pathologists (SLPs) can target morphology in their interventions to support their students' literacy development.

Method:

This tutorial includes a review of the concepts and terminology essential to providing morphological interventions, the norm-referenced and informal assessments that can be used to assess students' morphological knowledge, and intervention strategies to use across multiple grade levels that are aligned with the Common Core State Standards.

Conclusion:

This tutorial provides school-based SLPs with the information needed to get started developing and implementing interventions with morphology at the core.
Turbocharged SOFC System: Emulation and Control in Cyber-Physical Mode
Authors: Ferrari Mario Luigi , Mantelli Luca , Pascenti Matteo
Published: August 2023

The objective of this work regards an SOFC system pressurized by a turbocharger and the related emulation tests for control system development. Due to the interest in coupling high efficiency operations with reasonable capital costs a turbocharged SOFC plant layout has been proposed. This is due to significant cost decrease (in comparison with microturbine-based SOFC hybrids) related to the application of a turbocharger based on large mass manufacturing process. Moreover, the system has been sized to work with biogas to operate with a renewable source.

Due to the difficulties in studying the SOFC/turbocharger integration, especially for the dynamic and control aspects, the University of Genoa developed a devoted test rig where the fuel cell is emulated with a pressure vessel equipped with a burner (to have the same temperature range) and inert ceramic material (to have the same time-dependent response). The emulation tests presented in this work have been carried out to demonstrate the system feasibility in dynamic conditions and to assess the control system performance.
Thermodynamic analysis of an industrial process integration of a reversed Brayton high-temperature heat pump: A case study of an industrial food process
Authors: Jende Enrico , Kabat Nancy , Stathopoulos Panagiotis , Nicke Eberhard
Published: August 2023

Industry, as a major emitter of CO2 in the process heat sector in Europe, needs to switch from fossil fuels to renewable energy for heat supply. High temperature heat pumps (HTHP) can electrify process heat and integrate renewable electricity into industrial processes. The Institute of Low-Carbon Industrial Processes of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) is developing HTHPs based on the reversed Brayton and Rankine cycles for delivery temperatures above 150°C and is investigating the industrial process integration of this novel technology. The current study considers different integration strategies of a reversed Brayton HTHP in a food production process with a heat sink at 250 °C. A thermodynamic analysis evaluates the results. This study allows conclusions to be drawn about the process integration of Brayton HTHPs in industrial food processes or other industrial processes with heat sinks around 250 °C.
Analysis of a heat pump-based energy system exploiting a low GWP refrigerant in different European climates
Authors: Abdur Rehman Omais , Palomba Valeria , Frazzica Andrea , Cabeza Luisa F.
Published: August 2023

The objective of this research is to assess the operation of a heat pump (HP) under varying climatic conditions in Europe. To achieve this, a Dymola model is developed for a solar-assisted reversible water-to-water HP that utilizes a low global warming potential (GWP) refrigerant, R1234ze(E), and includes thermal and electrical energy storage systems. Experimental data is used to validate the primary components of the model. Simulations are conducted for both summer and winter seasons to determine the system’s overall annual performance. The analysis covers energy exchange between the system and the grid and utilizes key performance indicators such as self-sufficiency and self-consumption index. Furthermore, a techno-economic analysis is conducted to determine the payback period of the heating and cooling energy system based on the components’ capital expenditure and available incentives.
Mechanical design and manufacture of a boundary layer pump
Authors: Bufalari Lapo , Anselmi Eduardo , Rinchi Mirko , Howard Kevin , Talluri Lorenzo , Fiaschi Daniele
Published: August 2023

This paper describes the current efforts to develop and manufacture a first prototype for a boundary layer pump as a mean to assess future and more complex designs. Following an approach of “learning by doing”, a previous design was re-assessed from a mechanical/workshop point of view. Budget constraints and in-house manufacturing capabilities were taken into consideration to deliver a new design, suitable for quick production. Challenges such as disc holding, gap spacing, pump intake, discharge nozzles, and tolerances were addressed. Structural analysis has been conducted; where every single component has been modelled and sized accordingly to standard practices. As a support of structural analysis, FEM analysis was also performed with the aim of identifying, discussing, and fixing any potentially critical issues, particularly regarding the bolts holding together the discs into the power shaft. Finally, modal analysis was performed in order to test the dynamic response of the rotor: its critical frequencies would be far from the working range of the machine. This paper gives an overview of the critical issues to be taken into account during the mechanical design of boundary layer pump prototypes for different working fluids in the field of power generation and thermal management.
Non-axisymmetric problems of unsteady deformation of cylindrical shells with filler
Authors: Rakhmanov Bahodir , Akhmedov Sharifboy , Karimov Isroil , Choriev Mirjalol , Uralov Utkir
Published: August 2023

Circular cylindrical shells, as structural elements, have found wide application in various fields of mechanical engineering. Thin-walled layered shells have also found wide application as components in underwater objects, air and space vehicles and in many other engineering structures. The aim of this work is to study the action of a non-axisymmetric moving wave of normal pressure on a cylindrical shell interacting with an ideal compressible fluid. The problem statement is given, solution methods are developed, and numerical results are obtained for new problems of stationary deformation of infinitely long viscoelastic cylindrical shells on a viscoelastic foundation when a non-axisymmetric normal pressure wave moves along the shell axis with up to resonant velocity. As an example, considered the action of a non-axisymmetric moving wave of normal pressure on a cylindrical shell interacting with an ideal compressible fluid. The solution methods are based on the joint application of the integral Fourier transform along the axial coordinate and the expansion of all given and desired values into Fourier series along the angular coordinate. An efficient algorithm for the joint calculation of integrals and Fourier series has been developed and implemented on a computer. It has been established that paying to attention the viscoelastic properties of the shell material reduces the deflections by 10–15%, and also makes it possible to evaluate the damping capabilities of the system.
Problem-solving recycling of renewable energy waste based on the technology of energy production using the temperature difference
Authors: Chelukhin Vladimir , Abramson Elizaveta , Vasiliev Alexander
Published: August 2023

The paper discusses the problems of waste disposal of renewable energy technologies and the method of their solution. The amount of green energy waste is huge. The paper discussed the importance of recycling blades with wind power because of their enormous size. We propose a technology for generating energy based on the use of the temperature difference between day and night to solve these problems. The design of such a system includes aluminum (2-3% of the composition), which easily goes into remelting, and ordinary plastics, which are also easily remelted. Using this waste-free technology can solve the problem of renewable energy waste.
Provision of carbon-free emission of exhaust gases on vehicles
Authors: Ismatov Jumaniyoz , Matmurodov Farhod , Fayziev Mirgani , Djalilov Javlon
Published: August 2023

The paper analyzes foreign and domestic research on reducing emissions of harmful substances and greenhouse gases from exhaust gases. The provision of carbon-free emissions of exhaust gases in motor vehicles has been studied. Ways for further research on environmental safety and energy efficiency of vehicles are given.
Structural solutions of the supercharged engine in the output and input system
Authors: Musabekov Zakirjon , Daminov Oybek , Ismatov Abdukhalil
Published: August 2023

During the intake process, the working volume of the cylinder is filled with a fresh charge. As noted, a fresh charge consists of air in a diesel engine, and in engines with ignition from an electric spark (gasoline carburetor or gasoline with fuel injection, as well as gas) – from a mixture of air and vapors of light fuel or combustible gas.
Analysis of the joint operation of the expander-generator unit and air heat pump
Authors: Mukolyants Arsen , Sotnikova Irina , Ergasheva Dilbar
Published: August 2023

Calculations of the energy efficiency of the expander-generator unit under various operating conditions during heating of natural gas in front of the expander using a heat pump unit were carried out. It is shown that the introduction of expander-generator units in the gas supply system of the Republic of Uzekistan, with a properly selected gas heating system, can be thermodynamically and technically and economically advantageous. The results of the thermodynamic analysis of the developed energy-technological complex in the production of electricity are presented.
Analytical research of wind farms damage
Authors: Martyanov Andrey , Antipin Dmitry , Ryavkin Gleb
Published: August 2023

Wind farms are expensive and technically complex equipment. Maintaining it in working condition is an important task not only from an economic point of view, but also from a practical point of view. Even minor breakdowns and damages should be quickly eliminated. Wind farms are constantly being upgraded and improved. They are produced under specific operating conditions. However, this cannot completely exclude emergency situations. Therefore, engineering services involved in monitoring the operation of a wind farm should conduct inspections with some frequency. Until recently, such inspections were carried out entirely by people, which was associated with various problems and risks. People put their lives in danger; money is spent on the departure of a team of engineers to perform a relatively simple inspection operation. This study can be useful in the development and design of computer vision systems aimed at operating during inspections of wind farms.
The impact of modified cement with a special additive on construction mortar deformations
Authors: Meymaryan Armine , Chilingaryan Nikolay
Published: August 2023

The study is devoted to the modification of 42.5 class ordinary Portland cement with a 10% special expanding additive (cement powder and gypsum in a 40:60 percentage ratio), and the impact of this cement on mortar is determined. Using modified cement and multi-fraction quartz sand in a ratio of 1:3, prism-shaped samples with a size of 4x4x16 cm were fabricated, and left in a water bath for 24±2 hours after formation. After one day of curing, the samples were demolded, their linear dimensional change was verified using an indicator, and they were then submerged in water. After three, seven, and 28 days of curing, the samples’ changes in linear dimensions were examined again using an indicator. It has been revealed that introducing a 10% specially developed expansion additive to the composition of ordinary Portland cement also contributes to the maximum expansion of the construction mortar at 3–7 days of hardening. The expansion percentage of the 28-day curing time is very little different from the 7-day indicator. Considering the data on the linear dimensional change of the test samples, we can conclude that the modification of cement with the synthesized additive allows the production of non-shrinkable, expansive construction mortars and concretes, which are currently being studied.
Science trends and Digital immortality: AI accelerates movement towards an unattainable goal
Authors: Zinchenko Viktor , Boichenko Mykhailo , Slyusarenko Olena , Popovych Mykola , Radchenko Lidiia , Polishchuk Oleksandr
Published: August 2023

The development of AI, social networks, digital technologies, and in particular Big Data, has brought humanity closer to digital immortality. Despite the risks of psychological, social and technological adaptation to using the possibilities of digital immortality, it is confidently introduced into various spheres of social life. However, currently it is mainly about simulating immortality, since decision-making is still beyond the reach of this technology.
Models and algorithms for managing the emotional state of customers in commercial banks using deep convolutional neural networks
Authors: Soma Guedes
Published: August 2023

In this research, a model for managing the emotional state of customers in a commercial bank has been developed using a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and algorithms for distributing conflicting customers along the routes to the certain operator, depending on this emotional state. In order to route a customer to the certain operator, it was necessary to develop a mathematical model of emotional target routing based on the Newton interpolation polynomial. The developed model has four classes [angry, happy, neutral, and sad], trained and tested on the well-known FER2013 dataset using machine learning and computer vision. Finally, the model validation accuracy of 70.35% has been achieved.
Study of a model of social efficiency of Moscow parks in the context of sustainable development
Authors: Shafray Ekaterina
Published: August 2023

This article views the concepts of “smart city” abroad and in Russia through literature review. The role and value of parks and public spaces (“comfortable urban environment”) in a “smart city” is being studied. Secondly, the situation with the improvement of parks in Moscow is analysed. It assumes that the role of parks as a part of social infrastructure is expanding and studies the related problems and aspects. The important problem in the situation of expanding of social activities, cultural and commercial facilities in parks seems to be the need to evaluate the visitor’s flow, considering the measuring ways and privacy concerns, and its impact on ecological sustainability of parks. It needs to be addressed and thoroughly studied in a further research.
On the experience of field monitoring and remote sensing technologies integration in regional phytodiversity conservation
Authors: Kavelenova Lyudmila , Prokhorova Nataly , Fedoseyev Victor
Published: August 2023

The Samara regionpossesses the powerful industrial complex, up to 80% of the territory has been turned into agrocenoses, the third largest in Russia dual-core urban agglomeration of Samara-Tolyatti was developed. The natural complexes are confined to relatively small areas in the space of agricultural land, dissected by roads and saturated with settlements.The traditional terrestrial (field) monitoring of biodiversity is associated with valuablelabour- and time costs. The attraction of remote sensing (RS) allows spatially integrated information for vast territories with time minimization, but it requires a system of regional reference (etalon) polygons for adequate proceeding of RS data. Such a system has been developed since 2016 by specialists in the field of ecology, botany and geoinformatics at Samara University.The work implementation in 2016-2022 was carried out in two directions: - formation of a regional system of ground reference plots (etalons) that provide work with RS data; - assessment of the possibilities for the UAVsuse for monitoring of plant communities state, previously carried out exclusively by ground-based methods. The main result of our joint efforts is regionally adjusted classifiers that allow the most efficient processing of available remote sensing materials corresponding to various types of natural and anthropogenically transformed vegetation areas of the Samara region. We also confirmed the point of view on the high efficiency of using UAVs to identify and analyze the state of anthropogenically transformed and natural areas, including small natural objects.Thus, joining the efforts of specialists in various fields and integrating classical and innovative technologies is the most realistic way to study, monitor, and conserve regional phytodiversity.
Threat model of the testing subsystem for rare mobile device owners
Authors: Rein Tatiana , Torgulkin Vladimir , Trefelov Mikhail
Published: August 2023

Testing mobile applications for owners of rare mobile devices is a complex task because of the diversity of devices. The goal of this study is to create a threat model of the testing subsystem for owners of sparse mobile devices. The authors of the paper describe step by step the classes of users and the key components of the subsystem. The article defines the level of security and the dominant classes of subsystem vulnerabilities. The authors created an intruder model for the testing subsystem, defined the security class, and planned measures to protect the testing subsystem.
New precoding blind channel estimation and channel order estimation algorithm in OFDM systems with cyclic prefix
Authors: Al-Qadhi Osamah , Semenov E. , Talib Jaber , Almufti Ali , Al-Ghazali Maha
Published: August 2023

Using different precoding matrices, a new blind channel estimation in OFDM systems with cyclic prefix is presented in this paper. The proposed method employs one column of the correlation matrix directly, unlike the traditional precoding techniques where the elements of precoding matrix is been removed. Results show the impact of this method specially when using the type of precoding matrices which include the circulant property in its design. Since channel order estimation is an important task in blind methods, a new and simple algorithm is also investigated with no additional complexity been added to the system. A proof of diagonalizability property is mentioned which can be implemented for other investigations concerning this type of matrices.