bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epinucleus Scraping: Safe New Phacoemulsification Technique for Rock-Hard Cataracts
Authors: Kondo Aki , Goto Mari , Mimura Tatsuya , Tanaka Shunichi , Matsubara Masao
Published: March 2021

Introduction:

Phacoemulsification of rock-hard cataracts is challenging because the leathery epinucleus at the posterior plate often found in such cataracts tends to prevent smooth dissection of the nucleus. We devised an Epinucleus scraping technique to overcome this problem.

Methods:

The epinucleus is initially stripped of the hard endonucleus using a new instrument. The isolated endonucleus can then be readily chopped and divided with a phaco chopper or in the usual manner.

Conclusion:

Phacoemulsification of rock-hard cataracts can be carried out safely and easily with epinucleus scraping technique.
Study of Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Outbreak in India
Authors: Deshwal Vaishali , Kumar Vimal
Published: March 2021

Background:

COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has been recognized as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on 11th March, 2020.

Objective:

To identify various factors that can increase coronavirus spread in India and predict COVID-19 cases up to 27th December, 2020, minimum and maximum number of deaths due to COVID-19 in India.

Methods:

This work predicts COVID-19 cases, the minimum and the maximum number of deaths due to COVID-19 in India based on the infection rate and suspected cases.

Results:

Our result shows that the number of COVID-19 cases will increase exponentially in India to approximately 859421415 cases by 27th December 2020.

Conclusion:

The spread of COVID-19 in India depends on a lot of factors such as religious congregation, social contact structure, low testing rates, identification of COVID-19 suspects, measures such as lockdown and sealing of hot stop, etc. taken by the Indian government. In India, lockdown proved to be a good decision.
Larval Morphology and Molecular Identification of Ophthalmomyiasis Flies and its Incidence Rate in Referred Patients to an Ophthalmology Clinic, Shiraz, Iran
Authors: Keshavarz Ali , Alipour Hamzeh , Azizi Kourosh , Khalili Mohammad Reza , Namadi Marziea Shahriari , Bagheri Masoumeh , Raz Abbasali
Published: March 2021

Background:

Myiasis is the infestation of flies' larvae in living or dead tissues of the human body and animals. Ophthalmomyiasis is divided into internal and external types and thelarvae penetrate eyes in the internal type. This study aimed to examine larval morphology and molecular identification of flies causing ophthalmomyiasis and determine its incidence rate in referred patients to an ophthalmology clinic in Shiraz during 2019.

Materials and Methods:

During one year, all larvae were isolated from patients’ eyes. These larvae were identified using the morphological method according to the 1965 diagnostic key of Zumpt. Molecular confirmation was performed using a pair of specific primers for the Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene in the next step. The expected amplicons were sequenced, and their results were aligned and analyzed using the nucleotide BLAST.

Results:

Overall, 224 fly larvae were isolated from 36 patients. According to the morphological analysis, all larvae were Oestrus ovis. Molecular analysis confirmed morphological results. Patients presenting acute conjunctivitis symptoms had a mean age of 34 ± 2 years, and there were four women (11%) and 32 men (89%). The highest incidence were recorded in the autumn season (55.8%). Morphological results of flies were confirmed by amplifying the expected size of the CO1 gene through conventional PCR.

Conclusion:

The cases of ophthalmomyiasis are higher than those mentioned in the published articles and this might be due to the absence of a regular monitoring program to care for the ophthalmomyiasis cases in the public health system. Therefore, due to the importance and potential incidence of this disease in Fars province, establishing a disease care program is necessary for the health surveillance system.
Formation of Psychophysical Readiness of Cadets for Future Professional Activity
Authors: Bloshchynskyi Ihor , Griban Grygoriy , Okhrimenko Ivan , Stasiuk Vasyl , Suprun Dariya , Nedvyha Oleh , Neurova Alla , Dovgan Nadya , Dikhtiarenko Zoia , Yeromenko Eduard , Malynskyi Igor , Prontenko Kostiantyn
Published: March 2021

The experience of combat operations conducting in the eastern part of Ukraine in 2014-2020 convincingly demonstrated the need to increase the requirements for professional training of servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine. Physical training is one of the main subjects of professional training and an important means of psychophysical readiness formation of servicemen of various military specialties for modern extreme professional and combat activities. The aim of the study is to examine the efficiency of the experimental academic program of the discipline of Physical Education, and Special Physical Training concerning the formation of psychophysical readiness of cadets of technical higher military educational institutions for future professional and combat activity. The study was conducted at S. P. Koroliov Zhytomyr Military Institute. 120 male cadets participated in the experiment. An experimental group (EG), which consisted of the cadets who were studying according to the experimental working academic program of the discipline (n=60), and a control group (CG), which included the cadets studying according to the current working academic program of the discipline (n=60) were formed. The criteria of the efficiency of the experimental program are determined to be the indicators of general and special physical fitness of cadets and the level of professionally important psychological qualities. Research methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of scientific and methodical literature, pedagogical observation, pedagogical experiment, methods of mathematical statistics. It was discovered that conducting classes according to the experimental program contributed to the improvement of the level of development of the cadets’ special physical qualities, mastering military-applied skills, the formation of professionally important psychological qualities. The most significant changes in EG cadets occurred in overcoming obstacle course, holding the angle on parallel bars, holding the body in a horizontal position, tests for determination of attention distribution and volume, mental performance – at the end of the experiment, and the indicators of EG cadets were significantly (p˂0.05-0.001) better than those of CG.It proves the necessity of correcting the academic program of Physical Education and Special Physical Training for senior cadets with the aim of their psychophysical readiness formation for future professional and combat activity.
Not only reading, but partially understanding
Authors: Toremans Tom
Published: March 2021

This contribution counts as a preliminary to a careful rereading ofThomas Carlyle's ethical and political engagement of literary discourse.Starting from Paul de Man's critique of aesthetic ideology, an alternativeconstellation of Carlyle's texts will be argued, taking the dynamicpresence of the aesthetic ideology as primary criterion. Carlyle's Heroesis then read as a rhetorical recuperation from an incisively critical momentin his performative aesthetic critique of Sartor Resartus, which inits turn is prepared by the philosophical investigation into the categoryof the aesthetic in the early essay "The State of German Literature". Inthe latter, it is primarily Carlyle' s failure to posit Kant' s Critical Philosophyas the ultimate legitimisation of his transcendental aestheticsand his eventually aporetic critique of the mystical act of reading whichestablish the complex rhetorical condition of his writing as dynamicallydealing with aesthetic ideology. Finally, some suggestions will be madeconcerning the relevance of Carlyle's writing for literary theory and hisposition within the Victorian tradition.
Pragmatische aspecten van de datiefalternering in het Nederlands
Authors: Colleman Timothy
Published: March 2021

The majority of Dutch trivalent verbs taking both a Patient and a Recipientargument allow for two different complementation patterns: theRecipient is either encoded as a bare NP in a double object pattern (Jefgeeft Piet een boek) or as a PP headed by aan (Jef geeft een boek aanPiet). As for the function of this variation (known as Dative Alternation),various authors have suggested semantic explanations, often basedupon the notion of affectedness. lt is clear, however, that the hypotheticalsubtle semantic differences between the two constructions may beoverridden by pragmatic factors . This paper presents the results of aninvestigation into the correlation between information structure andDative Alternation in Dutch.
Karakterkomedie of karikatuur?
Authors: Haegemans Karen
Published: March 2021

Many of Menander's plays were inspired by themes that can be tracedback to Aristotle's ethica) theories. The Dyscolus or Misanthrope isobviously based on mora! concepts, more specifically on δυσκολια (orμισανθρωπια) and φιλανθρωπια, notions that Aristotle elaborated on inhis Nicomachean Ethics. In this comedy Menander tries to paint apicture of a misanthrope without oversimplifying or exaggerating toomuch. He gives him a place in a society - be it the artificial society ofthe stage. Also the other characters, representing different shades ofmisanthropy or philanthropy, arouse the interest of the audience. Farfrom presenting them as real people, the playwright still succeeds inmaking both the grouch and his antagonists transcend the level of thecaricature and in creating a true character comedy.
August-Edmond De Schryver en het optreden van een "politieke elite" in België 1928-1965
Authors: Kwanten Godfried
Published: March 2021

A.-E. De Schryver's political activities (1928-1965) were determinedby his conviction that he, as a member of a political elite, was mandatedto lead the country through all political vicissitudes and with a minimalconsensus across the divides between parties and social and linguisticgroupings. That elite couldn't leave important decisions to the man onthe street, pressure groups, or even to changing political majorities, butshould keep its hands free to settle conflicts and to work on practicalsolutions. Through De Schryver's intervention, political burdens, suchas the Royal Question and the school-funding controversy, were lightened.Through his part in the "armed peace", he created the conditionsthat would allow for socio-economie progress, sound budgetary management,and a security policy.
“Ondanks alles, mijn Europa, mijn geboortegrond”
Authors: Van Heuckelom Kris
Published: March 2021

Although the writings of the Polish poet and essay writer CzeslawMilosz (°1911) display a strong “European consciousness”, the representationof Europe in his literary and publicistic works has a highlyambiguous character. The recognition of a common European culturearea goes along with a profound consciousness of the fault lines in theEuropean identity (East vs. West). This historically evolved split betweenEastern and Western Europe is not only perceived in relation tooppositions such as centre-periphery and universalism-provincialism,but is also closely linked to important political evolutions (WW II andthe postwar sovietisation of Eastern Europe). Interesting works whichreveal Milosz’s ambiguous perception of Europe are the collection ofessays The Captive Mind (1953), the autobiographical prose works NativeRealm (1959) and Milosz’s ABC's (1997-1998), the text of his NobelLecture (1980) and the series of Harvard lectures The Witness ofPoetry (1981-1982). Apart from that, special attention should be paid toMilosz’s contribution to the Central Europe debate of the 1980s.
Written with Care
Authors: De Moor Katrien
Published: March 2021

This essay will discuss care ethics in Rebecca Brown's novel The Gifts of theBody and Mark Doty's Heaven's Coast: a memoir. One of the ways in whichresistant AIDS narratives can oppose dominant moralistic and stigmatisingrepresentations of people with AIDS is by foregrounding various alternativeforms of ethics, such as the construction of mutual care as a 'gift' that ispassed on amongst friends, lovers, families, and wider PWA communities. Iwill argue, moreover, that the practical and emotional support that communitiesand individuals provide to PWAs is frequently extended to a literary form ofcare, which memorialises and bears witness to names, stories, and deaths. TheGifts and Heaven's Coast reveal and even advocate an ethics of care withoutportraying an idealized view of care or representing it as an innate ability.
Iusti Lipsi De Vesta et Vestalibus Syntagma
Authors: Vanhaecke Filip
Published: March 2021

Dans la première partie de l'article l'auteur cherche dans la correspondanceinédite de l'an 1603 une réponse aux questions suivantes: quand exactementLipse écrivit-il son traité sur le culte de Vesta? Quelles furent les négociationsentre Lipse et l'Officine Plantinienne menant à la publication? À qui parmises collègues Lipse envoya-t-il un exemplaire pour obtenir un jugement? Quirépondit à cette demande? La deuxième partie décrit les différentes éditionsdu traité. La troisième partie concerne le but et la méthode, tels qu'ils sontformulés par Lipse dans son introduction, le contenu de l'ouvrage, ainsi queles sources littéraires et la manière dont ce matériel a été disposé.
Karel V en de Staten-Generaal
Authors: Van Peteghem Paul
Published: March 2021

This article provides an introduction to the rights of the States General ininternational relations during the reign of Charles V. It examines the imperialpolicy-making process that established and tried to apply new norms of statesovereignty. In this process marriage policy remained to the fore and thusthere was no place left to the intrusion of the States General.The 'alternativa' or the proposal of giving away Milan or The Netherlandsto France in order to guarantee the international law and order has been studiedin depth. This proposal was the main issue of the Treaty of Crépy-en-Laonnais(1544) and had to provide a blueprint for far-reaching developmentsin peace-making operations and for a necessary reform agenda ininternational polities for both Francis I and Charles V, but the principalactor, Charles, duke of Orléans, died before the execution of the Treaty.
Romeinse paedagogi tussen minachting en waardering
Authors: Laes Christian
Published: March 2021

This paper deals with the reality of pedagogues in the Roman Empire. Itaims at the fullest survey of the literary source material given up till now, butalso takes into account epigraphical, papyrological, and iconographical sources.The study is mainly concerned with the level of discourse, confronting uschiefly with ancient preoccupations and anxieties. On the one hand educatorscould be depicted as brutal rascals because they were considered socially inferior.Since, however, a fundamental contradiction was experienced between thehope of a future of government and the slave-like way free boys were treatedby their educators, a whole discourse of differential equations was created tothe extent that the latter were temporarily upgraded to figures of authoritywith almost parental airs of concern. In studying this positive and negativepicturing of Roman pedagogues, I make use of the concept of differentialequations, as applied by Joshel and Murnaghan concerning women and slavesin Antiquity. Finally, I present a text by Libanius, which has never been includedin the discussion, but offers an almost unique synthesis of ancient thinkingabout pedagogues.
William Trumbull
Authors: Uddin Imran
Published: March 2021

After the conclusion of the Treaty of London (1604) a diplomatic teamarrived in Brussels. William Trumbull was the main secretary to the ambassador,Sir Thomas Edmondes. After the departure of Edmondes in 1609,Trumbull remained as agent in the archducal Netherlands until the death ofking James and the start of a new Anglo-Spanish war under Charles I (1625).His career sheds some light on how the lower gentry in England gained accessto the Jacobean diplomatic corps, renowned for its professionalism. As one ofthe longest serving representatives of James VI/I at a foreign court and thanksto his extensive correspondence it is possible to look at his carreer in detail.
"Persoonlijk toevertrouwd."
Authors: Gilson Elke
Published: March 2021

Das Oeuvre der deutsch-jüdischen Autorin Barbara Honigmann kann alsGespräch mit dem Leser in unterschiedlichen Etappen betrachtet werden.Schon die Bedeutung des zuhörenden Anderen für das Gelingen des Dialogsweist auf eine Analogie zwischen Schriftstellertum und Judentum hin. DochHonigmann will mehr: Die von ihr angestrebte "kleine Literatur des persönlichenAnvertrauens" erreicht ihre bisher meist überzeugende Form in EinKapitel aus meinem Leben (Herbst 2004). Anhand dieses faszinierendenPorträts von Lizzy Kohlmann, der Mutter der Autorin, will ich in diesemBeitrag ein paar wesentliche Merkmale der Honigmannschen Erzählkunsterörtern. Durch Kontrastierung des neuen mit früheren Werken sollenzugleich jedoch auch die Widersprüche aufgezeigt werden, die zwischen derexplizite geweckten Lesererwartung, einerseits, und der konkreten Erzählstrategie,andererseits, existieren.
Het instrument waar de ziel op speelt: Muziek en het lichaam in Vlaanderen en Brussel, 1890-1940
Authors: Vos Staf
Published: March 2021

Until recently, music scholars have neglected the hiscorical study of culturalrelations between bodily and musical experiences. In critical discourse, classicalmusic was predominantly characterised as an intellectual, spiritual and'purifying' enterprise. However, between 1890 and 1940, many Belgian criticsappreciated references to bodily sensuality, ambiguity and 'impurity' in musicallanguage. This paper offers a historical survey of these two oppositional stances.Drawing on case-studies from Wagner to jazz, I show how, in the interwarperiod, the primary way of inscribing the body in music shifted fromharmony to rhythm.
"Een beetje babbelen onder elkaar"
Authors: Kloots Hanne
Published: March 2021

This contribution opens wich some general information on the registration ofspeech and the use of corpora. Then the focus is on spontaneous speech: howis "spontaneous speech" defined, why is it so important to study this type ofspeech and which problems can arise when scudying it? Next, we focus oncorpora of spontaneous speech: (a) corpora created before the realization ofthe Spoken Ducch Corpus ("Corpus Gesproken Nederlands" or CGN), (b)the CGN itself and (c) a subcorpus of the CGN, the so-called "teachers'corpus".Finally we discuss some problems which arose in two studies, based onspontaneous speech from the "teachers' corpus": a study on vowel reductionand a study on speech rate. Keywords: Dutch, (corpora of) spontaneousspeech, Spoken Dutch Corpus, language variation.
Grafelijke netwerken en oorkonden: Schriftelijke communicatie tussen vorst en onderdanen in Henegouwen, 1280-1345
Authors: Van Camp Valeria
Published: March 2021

Le présent article a pour but de distinguer les personnes qui étaient les plusliées aux comtes de Hainaut (1280-1345), en examinant trois réseaux repérablesdans les chartes. Qui sont les personnes et les institutions qui s'adressaientaux comtes, et qui étaient les destinataires des chartes comtales? Quelles personnessont nommées dans les chartes et quel était leur rôle?On a pu constater que les personnes qui étaient les plus proches au comte,reviennent dans plusieurs réseaux. Ce sont surtout des nobles, mais aussi desclercs au service du comte.
Taalvaardigheid, attitudes en motivatie van Nederlandstalige en Franstalige leerlingen in het Nederlandstalig onderwijs in Brussel
Authors: Janssens Sonja
Published: March 2021

In Brussels, parents can freely choose to enrol their children in either Dutchor French language schools. In many cases, and increasingly so, Francophoneparents prefer the Durch language education system which they believe willprovide their children a bilingual learning experience. This influx of predominantlyFrench-speaking, as well as other non-Dutch-speaking pupils, hasresulted in a linguistically diverse, rather than a predominantly Dutch-speakingpupil population in Dutch language schools in Brussels. As a consequence,a form of non-structured immersion education has materialized,which tends to be perceived as problematic and even detrimental to the languagelearning process.Earlier cross-sectional research into the language proficiency, attitudes andmotivations of Dutch and French-speaking pupils in Dutch language schoolsin Brussels (Housen, Mettewie & Pierrard 2004; Mettewie, 2004), has shownthat Dutch-speaking pupils have similar language proficiency levels, as well asattitudes and motivations, as their Flemish peers. It further demonstrated thatthe Dutch language or L2 proficiency of the French-speaking pupils equalsthe Dutch-speaking pupils' Dutch or L1 (1st language) proficiency in mostdomains of language proficiency. These French-speaking pupils in additiondisplayed more positive attitudes and srronger motivation towards the L2 (2ndlanguage) learning process.The current longitudinal research followed up on two cohorts of Dutchand French-speaking pupils during three consecutive school years (2001,2002 and 2003), in order to study the long-term development of their languageproficiencies, as well as their social-psychological orientation towardsFrench and Dutch. It also investigated the relationship between both theselatent constructs. The ultimate goal of this research is to determine to whatextent such a form of non-structured immersion education leads to bilingualproficiency, and how attitudes and motivation relate to this process in thelong term.
Zwagers aan het Spaanse hof, vredesgezanten in de Nederlandse Opstand
Authors: Soen Violet
Published: March 2021

This contribution underlines the importance of peace negotiations by twopetty noblemen during the Dutch Revolt. The brothers-in-law Selles andTisnacq shared high ranking positions in the Royal Archers Guard at theSpanish Court. Through their descent, titles and court functions, they wereseen as crucial mediators, even if their negotiations did not always result intosuccess. Yet this article shows that their embassies from Spain to theNetherlands, in 1578-1579 and 1592-1593, formed missing links betweenrather well-known bilateral diplomatic peace conferences between Philip IIand his upraising Dutch vassals.
“Misschien is dit de betekenis van deze Schriftpassage.”
Authors: Roelants Nienke
Published: March 2021

In the early 1540ies G.J. Rheticus wrote an anonymous treatise entitled both Epistola deTerrae Motu and Dissertatio de Hypoth[esibus] Astron[omiae] Copernicanae. In thisletter he discusses why proclaiming the motion of the earth does not need to beconsidered as an impious act incompatible with the words of Holy Scripture. Based onan analysis of authorities mentioned by the author in this letter, I conclude thatRheticus’ strategy on the one hand consists in playing down the importance of thetraditional Aristotelian-Ptolemaic notions on the universe in the field of astronomy andby emphasizing the indirect character of Biblical authority in these matters. On the otherhand, he claims the absolute, immediate authority of mathematics in astronomy bywhich he consequently challenges the traditional medieval hierarchy of sciences.Rheticus considers the achievements of Copernicus to be part of divine providence.
“Gespraken van liefhebbers des ghemeynen nuts”
Authors: Rogiest Julie
Published: March 2021

Pendant l’année académique 1977-1978, Michel Foucault a enseigné une série de courssous le titre de Sécurité, territoire, population. Le but de ces collèges était de creuser lesdifférentes facettes de la notion de “bio-pouvoir”, notion que Foucault avait lancéel’année précédente – dans Il faut défendre la société (cours au Collège de France 1975-1976) et dans La Volonté de savoir (1976). La façon dont Foucault a analysé lephénomène du “bio-pouvoir”, ainsi que la problématique de la “gouvernementalité”;fournit un des meilleurs exemples de son analyse généalogique du pouvoir. Aussitraiterai-je dans un premier temps de ce glissement méthodologique de l’ “archéologie”vers la “généalogie”. Dans un second temps, j’expliquerai la notion de“gouvernementalité” et je me poserai la question de savoir en quoi l’étude de cettenotion-clef pourrait améliorer la compréhension de mon corpus de textes, etinversement, de quelle façon ces textes pourraient éclairer davantage le concept de “lagouvernementalité”.
Hermes en Simplicius in Ḥarrān
Authors: De Smet Daniel
Published: March 2021

La ville syrienne de arrān, centre d’un culte astral attesté depuis la plus haute antiquité,est un des endroits du Moyen-Orient où le paganisme a survécu le plus longtemps,jusqu’en pleine époque islamique. Cet “anachronisme” a suscité de nombreuses légendessur le culte des Ḥarrāniens, alimentées notamment par une littérature chrétienne antipaïenneissue de la ville voisine d’Édesse. Ces mythes ont été amplifiés par des auteursmusulmans, sous l’influence des Ḥarrāniens impliqués à Bagdad dans le mouvement detraduction gréco-arabe. Prônant l’identification de leur communauté avec les Sabéensmentionnés par le Coran, ils ont présenté le culte païen de Ḥarrān comme une religionrévélée par Hermès, dont les doctrines sont conformes à la philosophie d’Aristote. Lamystification médiévale a suscité d’autres mythes, modernes, qui font de Ḥarrān le berceaudes “sciences occultes” en islam et un des principaux centres par lesquels s’est effectuéela transmission de la philosophie tardo-antique dans le monde musulman. Ainsi,Simplicius y aurait fondé une école néoplatonicienne après son exil en Perse. De telsmythes, élaborés dès le 18e siècle par des chercheurs, mais également par des francs-maçonset des romanciers, jouent encore de nos jours un rôle dans la construction identitairede certaines communautés moyen-orientales en marge de l’islam, notamment lesDruzes.
Vies en Vlaams: de literaire contestatie uit de jaren zestig
Authors: Plateau Liesbeth
Published: March 2021

This contribution presents an introductory analysis of one of the key players of the socalled“stenciled revolution” in Flanders in the nineteen sixties. Before concepts likeprovo distressed the entire societal and cultural life in the Netherlands, certain phenomenain Flanders anticipated to this. From 1963, small stenciled magazines shot up likemushrooms in the Flemish literary field. Due to their aggressive stand against the literaryestablishment, the critics quickly caught sight of them and engaged in an energeticpolemic. Because of their involvement in the literary polemics, the stenciled magazinesshortly determined the literary life to a high degree. However, partly due to their complexhistory and short life span, a systematic investigation of this phenomenon has not yet beenconducted. Nevertheless, the underground- magazines of the “stenciled revolution” are invarious ways relevant to a renewed literary history, as they explore both the literary-criticaland the creative-literary boundaries of the traditional contrast between literature andnon-literature. In this article, I focus on one of the most creative-literary oriented of theseFlemish stenciled magazines, namely daele (1966-1968), to gain an insight into the identityof the “stenciled revolution”.
God, volk en imperium in het Zuid-Nederlandse politieke discours van de vroege 17de eeuw
Authors: Boes Lieven
Published: March 2021

The ideas of the late humanists of the early 17th century, unlike those of their 15th and16th century predecessors, have received relatively little attention among modern dayscholars. Through Institutionum Politicarum Libri Quatuor (1623), a work by the handof Nicolaus Vernulaeus (1583-1649), humanist and professor of Latin and rhetoric at theuniversity of Leuven, I will demonstrate that this lack of historical knowledge does notreflect a lack of interesting sources for this period. Vernulaeus holds highly originalideas about the state and political power. Using concepts such as people, religion andempire in often rather unconventional ways, his work develops an original conceptionof the respublica.
Papieren munitie
Authors: Vrancken Valerie
Published: March 2021

This article studies how subversive writing was used to mobilize rebels in late medievalcities. A case-study of a pamphlet, spread during the Brussels revolt against Maximilianof Austria (1488-1489), provides our point of departure for exploring the strategies whichpamphleteers had at their disposal to mobilize bystanders. The article illustrates howpamphlets were not written on the spur of the moment, and instead contained a sophisticatedand well-considered discourse. It therefore challenges the traditional view of pre-modernrevolts, which tends to emphasize the spontaneity and impulsiveness of latemedieval revolts.
Taaltheorie ter verdediging van het Latijn
Authors: Denecker Tim
Published: March 2021

During the 1670s, plans for a new triumphal arch in honour of Louis XIV triggered the so-calledQuerelle des inscriptions. Paris intellectuals debated the question whether theinscriptions for the monument were to be composed in Latin or in French. The JesuitJoannes Lucas, who was a teacher at the elitary Collège de Clermont, championed thecause of Latin inscriptions with a speech entitled De monumentis publicis Latineinscribendis oratio. He argued that only Latin inscriptions could perpetuate Louis XIV’sfame, since Latin is a dead language and therefore no longer liable to the quirks of usus.Whereas the latter is responsible for change in “living” languages, the death of the Latinlanguage confers on it the stability and universality monumental inscriptions need to perpetuateLouis XIV’s fame.
Een stedelijke wetenschap
Authors: Vandendriessche Joris
Published: March 2021

This article discusses the foundation of urban medical societies in early nineteenth-centuryBelgium. The scientific ambitions of these societies, so this article argues, providenew insights into the nineteenth-century period of “medical reform”. Their activitiesshow, first of all, how the traditional model of the general learned society was graduallytransformed into a new urban society model, in which the practice of science was placedcenter stage. Secondly, the tensions between this urban scientific model, which developedmost strongly in the provincial cities, and the advisory institutions on the national level,such as the Belgian Académie de médecine, hint at a little studied movement within Belgianmedicine that was critical of government interference in the medical sciences.
Libertus, collegiatus, pistor en coniunx
Authors: Vermote Kristof
Published: March 2021

In this contribution, I would like to show that status and status-distinctions were key concernsof the Roman elite in their handling with freedmen, both in praising and in rebukingthem. After a short discourse analysis of Cicero’s letters of recommendation for freedmen,I will argue that such an emphasis on the inferior status of freedmen is often mistakenlygeneralized by too strong a focus on the one-sided literary evidence and that this preoccupation isnot shared by freedmen themselves. By integrating social theory as a conceptualframework and inscriptions as alternative source material, I show that amongfreedmen other identity dimensions (than status) prevailed and that elite stereotypes hadmuch less of an impact on the daily life of Roman freedmen than the literary, elite sourcessuggest.
Agent-gebaseerde modellering in de historische taalkunde
Authors: Pijpops Dirk , Beuls Katrien
Published: March 2021

This article presents an accessible introduction to agent-based modelling for non-computationallinguists, more specifically historical linguists, who may find it to be a usefuladdition to their methodological toolbox. We will discuss both the possibilities and limitationsof this technique and in doing so, attempt to show how computational modellingcan be complementary with the empirical methods of historical linguists. Furthermore,this paper presents a walkthrough of the various steps in the design of such a model. Toserve as an example, we will present a basic agent-based model of the competitionbetween regular and irregular verb inflection in Dutch.
Sociaalpsychologische methodes als nieuwe meettechnieken in taalattitudeonderzoek?
Authors: Rosseel Laura , Geeraerts Dirk , Speelman Dirk
Published: March 2021

Since the 1960s, language attitude research has known little methodological innovation.In social psychology, by contrast, a number of new implicit attitude measures haverecently been developed. We suggest to take inspiration from social psychology to bringnew methods to linguistic attitude research. In this paper, we give a succinct introductionto quantitative implicit attitude research in linguistics and social psychology. As an illustrationof the new methods developed in the latter, we discuss the Implicit AssociationTest (Greenwald et al. 1998) and its potential for linguistic attitude research.
Historiografie tussen literatuur en wetenschap
Authors: Janssen Lydia
Published: March 2021

During the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries a new form of historiography developedin Europe under the influence of 'antiquarianism'. lts novel approach to the proper handlingof historical sources and divergent writing style represented a drastic break from traditionalhistoriographical ideals. In this paper, I wish to explore this scholarly developmentfrom a comparative perspective on the basis of a small corpus of early modernnational histories. I will focus attention on two complementary aspects of these workswhich are particularly revelatory of the scholarly views which influenced their composition:the handling of historical sources and the style of the text. These two dimensionspresent the two faces of historiography: the scientific study and the literary work and aretherefore particularly revelatory of the crucial shift from historiography as a literary genreto historical studies as a scientific discipline which took place in this period.
Papyrusbrieven van het Saturnila-archief
Authors: Nachtergaele Delphine
Published: March 2021

For the sociolinguistic study of papyri -and of the Greek papyrus letters, more specifically-,archives are a treasure-trove. In such collections, one can examine the language ofthe individual of whom often different letters have been preserved. Also the language ofa specific group of people can be studied. In this paper, I focus on the language of the familymembers of Saturnila. This archive dates to the 2nd century AD and solely exists outof private letters. Most letters are sent by Sempronius to his mother Saturnila and to hisbrother Saturnilus. Private letters have a number of conventionalized phrases, such as anopening formula and health wishes. To the standard expression of these topoi, variationis possible. Yet, the letters of the Satumila archive notably differ from those standard formulas.The language of the different members of the archive shows uniformity in theiridentical deviation from standard phraseology. It thus seems that this family developed asort of in-group and shared language.
Hofrituelen en koloniale recuperatie van de Oostendse Compagnie in 18de -eeuws Bengalen en China
Authors: De Winter Wim
Published: March 2021

This article forms a critique on the formation ofa colonial historiography concerning theinteractions of the maritime 'Ostend Company' (GIC) in eighteenth century China andIndia. This historiography has ignored aspects of intercultural communication, whichprovided the conditions of possibility for any further interaction and exchange. The conceptualinfluence of colonialism on this discourse, and its recuperation of the OstendCompany's interactions in Bengal, are traced through its manifestations in historiographyas well as popular visual culture. This is contrasted with a source-based approach whichsheds new light on vital issues of courtly communication as a learning process involvingspecific acts and symbols.
"Der Herrschaft alles Zeitlichen entgleitend"
Authors: Meert Mathias
Published: March 2021

In seiner als "Erinnerungsbuch" konzipierten und postum veröffentlichten (Auto)BiographiePaula. Ein Fragment (1949) dialogiert der österreichisch-jüdische Autor RichardBeer-Hofmann (1866-1945) auf explizite Weise mit vorbildlichen Autoren wie Dante Alighieriund Adalbert Stifter. Der intertextuelle Hintergrund von Beer-Hofmanns fragmentarischem"Life-Writing" gewinnt vor allem bei der zentralen Thematisierung der ErinnerungKontur, was sich im persönlich-affektiven Rahmen des Erinnerungsbuches mit autobiografischenLektüren der markierten Schriftsteller als Erfahrungsgenossen verbindet.
De Night-trilogie: trauma en de problematiek van representatie
Authors: Vanlancker Lisa
Published: March 2021

In his Night trilogy, renowned Holocaust survivor Elie Wiesel assembled his first literaryartifacts concerning the trauma that drastically affected both his personal life and thecourse of history. Strikingly, the disruptive nature of the trauma that is at its core isreflected in the form: that which has deeply unsettled the author, unsettles the narrativestructures he employs as well. While the vast majority of literature on the subject is limitedto an analysis of the individual texts, I aim to prove that Night, Dawn and Day shouldbe read together as a Bildungsroman that takes on the form of the traumatic healing process.
Megamoeilijk, die beeldspraak?
Authors: Carette Marlies
Published: March 2021

L' objectif de cet article est d'examiner la présence et la compréhension du langage figurédans le film flamand 'Mega Mindy en het zwarte kristal' destiné aux enfants de 4 à 9 ans.Ce film comporte 22 formes de langage figuré dont 4 métaphores, 6 métonymies et 12expressions. Ces formes sont ensuite soumises à deux groupes de 30 enfants, d'âges différents(4 ans et 7 ans), demandés de les expliquer ou de répondre à des questions àréponses multiples. Pour ce qui est de la première tâche, les enfants de 4 ans savent dans9% des cas la réponse correcte, les enfants de 7 ans dans 41% des cas. Quant à la deuxièmetâche, dans 25% des cas, les enfants de 4 ans choisissent la réponse correcte et lesenfants de 7 ans dans 74% des cas.
Behoedsters van het familiebedrijf? Vier weduwen-drukkers in het zestiende-eeuwse Antwerpen
Authors: Wyffels Heleen
Published: March 2021

Early modem printing was and is perceived as a male trade. However, the printer'sdaughter, wife and widow were often involved in his business and some widows eventook over the printing house after the dead of their husbands. Although these widow-printerswere a minority compared to the number of male printers, they often played a crucialrole in the continuation of the family business. This article explores women's workin sixteenth-century printing houses and the ways in which widow-printers could continuethese businesses by examining four cases in Antwerp.
Visuele communicatie in ouder-kindinteracties
Authors: Wille Beatrijs
Published: March 2021

Previous analyses show that deaf mothers support their deaf children in order to providethe child with full access to the visual-oriented world. They do this by incorporatingVisual Communication Strategies (VCS), which facilitate the access to Flemish SignLanguage and the potential immediate acquisition of language. In contrast, hearingparents encounter more difficulties when creating a linguistically stimulating environment.The research reported on in this paper combines a longitudinal and cross-sectionalapproach, focussing on the use of visual environment created by deaf and hearing parents.Our study shows a striking difference between the visual environment created by deaf andhearing parents. With respect to the visual communication approaches chosen by the deafparents, deaf parents may act as role models for hearing parents.
'Re-minding Meneer Visser'
Authors: Goethals Ewoud
Published: March 2021

This article focuses on fictional minds in the modernist novel Meneer Visser's Hellevaart(1936) by Simon Vestdijk, more specifically on the mind of its protagonist: MeneerVisser. The secondary literature about this novel so far tends to treat this character psychologically.Critics study Visser's traumatic youth and his inner psychological depths.Visser's mind is thereby seen as a passive monologue intérieur, isolated from the physicaland social environment of the storyworld. With Monika Fludemik's concept of typification,l argue that the term monologue intérieur is deceptive. Using the cognitive narratologyof David Herman and Alan Palmer, I demonstrate that Visser's mind is not passiveand isolated, but active and in constant interaction with his physical and socialenvironment. Finally, I relate the patterns highlighted by the narratological analysis to aninterpretation of the novel. The dynamic of Visser's fictional mind is shown to be thematicallymotivated.
“Au cœur d’un amoureux, plus fidèle qu’heureux”: airs de cour in zeventiende-eeuwse Zuid-Nederlandse liedhandschriften in de Gentse Universiteitsbibliotheek
Authors: De Koninck Tine
Published: March 2021

The library of the University of Ghent holds a valuable corpus of seventeenth century song manuscripts and alba amicorum from the Southern Low Countries. These manuscripts belonged mainly to young women of the bourgeoisie and/or the nobility. They collected their favourite songs and often had members from their circle of acquaintances completing the manuscripts. They appear to have had a strong preference for French profane songs from the air de cour repertoire. These songs were initially intended to be sung at the Parisian court. The airs de cour soon appeared in print, after which they were also picked up by the wealthy youth in the Southern Low Countries and were written down in their songbooks.
Regionale variatie in Middelnederlandse spellingsystemen
Authors: De Wulf Chris
Published: March 2021

In this article I will focus on the dialect implications on vowel spelling in the 14th Century, which is before the onset of (spelling) standardisation processes that were spurred on by the development of printing. Central in my research is the question what historical sounds can be represented by the graphemes in use in nine cities. My method involves analysing and cataloguing grapheme-phoneme relationships of a selection of tokens taken from the fourteenth Century charter corpus CRM (Corpus Van Reenen – Mulder). More precisely, I want to find out to what extent vowel graphemes convey phonetic variation accurately across the regions.
Plagiarism of Academic Writing in Malaysian Universities: A legal analysis
Authors: Mohd Zain Muhamad Ikhwan bin , Rahmat Nur Ezan , Zulkarnain Mohd Naqiuddin , Awasthi Shipra
Published: March 2021

Plagiarism is not a recent issue as it has existed for a long time, especially within the academic world. The study aims to examine the applicable laws in Malaysia relating to plagiarism from the academic's perspective by referring to India as the benchmark jurisdiction. The findings have shown that there are no standard policies for all educational institutions in coping with plagiarism. Therefore, it is recommended that the Malaysian government needs to address the gap in current regulations by having uniform legislation for all institutions on that particular academic misconduct on plagiarism.
Keywords: Academic Plagiarism; Research Plagiarism Misconduct; Plagiarism Policy
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2709
Fuel Subsidies, Fuel Consumption, and Road Transport Emissions: A systematic review
Authors: Ramli Ahmad Razi , Abdul Kadir Juliana Mohd , Ismail Norashikin , Othman Akmal Aini , Melo Patricia C.
Published: March 2021

The growing clamor about the climate crisis has brought into focus the need for action to drastically reduce CO2 emissions, particularly from the road transport sector. This systematic literature review examines the nexus between fossil fuel subsidies, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions from the road transport sector. Despite numerous research contributions that provide the foundation on this topic, the body of research appears to be quite fragmented with regard to the stated nexus. This systematic literature review consolidates currently available research and provides the basis for further research on the connection between fuel subsidy, fuel consumption, and CO2 emissions.
Keywords: Fossil Fuel Subsidy; Transport Emissions; Subsidy Reform; Systematic Literature Review
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2721
Investigating Urban Ergonomics Features through Healthy City Approach: The Case of Istanbul and Singapore
Authors: Turkyilmaz Cigdem Canbay , Villani Caterina
Published: March 2021

This study aims to investigate urban ergonomics features through the healthy city approach. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is adopted to make a pairwise comparison and ranking of multiple features of urban ergonomics. A small online panel was organized with ten experts of architecture and urban design with a minimum of 10 years of experience. Findings from the literature were shared with these experts, and they were asked to compare the ergonomics features pairwise and rank them. For the next step, two main urban squares from Istanbul and two main public spaces of Singapore are examined.
Keywords: Ergonomics; Healthy city; Istanbul; Singapore.
eISSN: 2398-4287© 2021. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bs by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians/Africans/Arabians), and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v6i16.2725