bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-invasive current collectors for improved current-density distribution during CO2 electrolysis on super-hydrophobic electrodes
Authors: Montfort Hugo-Pieter Iglesias van , Li Mengran , Irtem Erdem , Abdinejad Maryam , Wu Yuming , Pal Santosh , Sassenburg Mark , Ripepi Davide , Biemolt Jasper , Subramanian Siddhartha , Rufford Thomas , Burdyny Thomas
Published: May 2023

Electrochemical reduction of CO2 presents an attractive way to store renewable energy in chemical bonds in a potentially carbon-neutral way. However, current electrolyzers suffer from intrinsic problems, like flooding and salt accumulation, that must be overcome to industrialize the technology. To resolve flooding and salt precipitation issues, researchers have used ultra-hydrophobic electrodes based on either polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) gas-diffusion layers (GDL’s), or carbon-based GDL’s with added PTFE. While the PTFE backbone is highly-resistant to flooding, the non-conductive nature of PTFE means that without additional current collection the catalyst layer itself is responsible for electron-dispersion, which penalizes system efficiency and stability. In this work, we present operando results that illustrate the poor current/potential distribution in thin catalyst layers (~50 nm) deposited onto PTFE GDL’s. We then compare the effects of thicker catalyst layers (~500 nm) and a newly developed non-interfering current collector (NICC). The NICC can maintain even current distribution with 10-fold thinner catalyst layers while improving stability towards ethylene (≥ 30%) by approximately two-fold.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of prophylactic sealing of pits and fissures of permanent teeth with fissure sealants - umbrella review
Authors: Wnuk Katarzyna , Świtalski Jakub , Miazga Wojciech , Tatara Tomasz , Religioni Urszula , Gujski Mariusz
Published: May 2023

Background: Tooth decay is an infectious disease which, in its initial phase, leads to the formation of cavities in the teeth through decalcification of the enamel and local tissue destruction. In addition to proper oral hygiene, prophylactic sealing of fissures and cavities with a sealant is a method of preventing the development of caries. The aim of this study is to summarise the effectiveness of fissure sealing of permanent teeth with fissure sealants compared to other preventive methods or no intervention.
Method: A systematic review of secondary studies was performed according to the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines based on a previously prepared research protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42023398364). Searches were performed in Medline (via PubMed), Embase (via OVID), and Cochrane Library databases. Quality assessment of the included studies was performed using the AMSTAR2 tool. In addition, a manual search for recommendations/clinical practice guidelines on dental prophylaxis was performed.
Results: 204 publications were identified, of which 15 secondary studies met the inclusion criteria. Based on the results of 3 studies, there was a statistically significant reduced odds of caries occurrence or development with prophylactic sealing of permanent teeth compared with no intervention. In the eight studies that analysed different sealants, there were no statistically significant differences between the types of materials used for prophylactic tooth sealing. For studies comparing the efficacy of fissure sealants with fluoride varnish, three studies reported no statistically significant difference in the efficacy of caries incidence, with only one study based on 1 RCT finding a statistically significant difference in favour of fissure sealants.
Conclusion: Compared to the no intervention, dental sealing is an effective method for the prevention of dental caries. However, on the basis of the secondary studies, it is not possible to conclude conclusively which type of sealant and which of the available prophylactic methods is more effective in preventing caries.
The long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines available in Europe as part of conventional immunization schedules. A systematic review. Running title: Long-term efficacy of tick-borne encephalitis vaccines
Authors: Miazga Wojciech , Wnuk Katarzyna , Tatara Tomasz , Świtalski Jakub , Matera Adrian , Religioni Urszula , Gujski Mariusz
Published: May 2023

Background
To assess the long-term efficacy of vaccinations against tick-borne encephalitis using vaccines available on the European market.
Methods
The analysis was conducted on the results of a systematic review conducted in accordance with the Cochrane Collaboration guidelines. The search was performed in three databases, namely Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE (via Ovid), and the Cochrane Library database.
Results
From a total of 199 citations, 9 studies were included in this review. According to the primary studies identified in the search, the efficacy of available anti-TBE vaccines ranges from 90.1–98.9%; however, in individuals above the age of 60, the protection wanes as early as one year after vaccination. Administration of a booster dose 3 years after completion of the basic vaccination schedule significantly extends the period of protection against TBE.
Conclusions
Anti-TBE vaccines available in Europe have a high level of efficacy; however, one should bear in mind that the level of protection against TBE is steadily decreasing after vaccination. Following the basic vaccination according to the conventional schedule, booster vaccines should be administered every 5 years in individuals before the age of 60 and more frequently, e.g. every 3 years, in individuals aged 60 and beyond.
Epidemiology of hallux valgus surgery in Italy: a nationwide study from 2001 to 2016
Authors: Longo Umile Giuseppe , Papalia Rocco , Mazzola Alessandro , Salvatore Sergio , Marinozzi Andrea , Campi Stefano , Piergentili Ilaria , Denaro Vincenzo
Published: May 2023

This study intended to estimate the annual number of hallux valgus surgical procedures in Italy and the patients’ epidemiological features. A secondary goal was to compare the demographic differences in access to hallux valgus surgery amongst three Italian macroregions. The analysis was conducted by using the National Hospital Discharge Records (NHDR) database provided by the Italian Ministry of Health. 721,514 surgical procedures for Acquired Hallux valgus were performed. The cumulative incidence was 88.2 procedures for every 100,000 Italian residents. The highest number of procedures was found in the 60–64 age class. The 91.2% of patients were females. The mean length of hospitalization was 2.1 ± 2.2 days. Patients aged 95 to 99 had more days of hospitalization on average. The 51.9% of procedures were performed in the North, 25.7% in the Center and 22.4% in the South. The 98.5% of patients from the North received the surgical treatment in the same macro region of domicile; 90% in the Center; 78.5% in the South. The main primary procedure was: Bunionectomy With Soft Tissue Correction And Osteotomy Of The First Metatarsal (79.9%, 77.51 ICD-9-CM code). The socioeconomic burden of hallux valgus surgery in Italy is relevant. The incidence of hallux valgus surgery has progressively increased between 2001 and 2012 and decreased from 2012 to 2016. A geographical inequal distribution of procedures between the three Italian macroregions was pointed out. Migratory flows of patients from the South to the North for undergoing the procedure were observed.
Cytotoxicity of subcritical water extracts obtained from byproducts generated at commercial pecan shelling operations on cancer cells
Authors: Sevimli Canan Gur , Dunford Nurhan , Gumus Zinar Pinar
Published: May 2023

This study examined potential of the extracts obtained from the byproducts generated at commercial pecan nut shelling operations in cancer treatment. The subcritical water extracts obtained from two varieties, Native and Pawnee, were analyzed for their phenolic contents and compositions. Effects of the extracts on viability and IC50 of the human cell lines representing a broad range of cancer types, cervical, lung, skin, breast, colon and prostate cancers, were investigated. Although the effect of the temperature on the phenolic contents and compositions of the extracts was not statistically significant, the influence of the variety was extensive. The pecan shell extracts were not cytotoxic to the healthy cell line Vero in the concentration range examined. Some of the pecan shell extracts had greater efficay than Doxorubicin, a drug used in cancer chemotherapy, in reducing cancer cell viability. This study is novel and practical implications of the data generated in this study are noteworthy, because this is the first report on the beneficial effects of subcritical water extracts obtained from pecan shelling industry byproducts on a broad range of cancer cell lines. It is likely that the experimental data presented in this study will support and encourage future research on the biological pathways involved in the interactions of the cancer cells and the extracts. The findings of this study will facilitate research on downstream processing and purification of the crude extracts exhibiting high cancer cell cytotoxcity, potentially improving the final product efficacy and leading to commercial applications.
Combined pretreatment neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival and prognosis in patients with non-metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma: a retrospective, multicenter clinical study
Authors: Yang Dong , Li Yi , Li Pian , Meng Zhen , Hu Xueyin , Huang Zichong , Huang Heqing , Dong Huan , Qin Yating , Chen Cong , Chen Xinghua , Li Zhiru , Zhou Ziyan , Kang Min
Published: May 2023

Background
Local recurrence and distant metastasis is the main cause of treatment failure in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). It is necessary to find a reliable, economical and convenient prognostic indicator to accurately predict the prognosis of NPC. The clinical significance of the combination of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) is unclear. This study investigated the predictive value of pretreatment NLR (pre-NLR) combined with pretreatment PLR (pre-PLR) for the survival and prognosis of NPC.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 765 patients with non-metastatic NPC. The NLR and PLR before treatment were examined. The pre-NLR-PLR scoring criteria and grouping were as follows: HRG, score of 2, high pre-NLR and high pre-PLR. MRG, score of 1, either high pre-NLR or high pre-PLR. LRG, score of 0, neither high pre-NLR nor high pre-PLR. We compared survival rates and factors affecting the prognosis among different groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the cutoff-value and discriminant performance of the model.
Results
The ROC curve indicated a cut-off value of 3.29 for pre-NLR and 196.74 for pre-PLR. The 5-year overall survival (OS), local recurrence-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) of NPC patients in HRG were significantly poorer than those in MRG and LRG. The pre-NLR-PLR score was positively correlated with T stage, clinical stage, ECOG score and pathological classification. Multivariate cox regression analysis showed that pre-NLR-PLR scoring system, ECOG score and pre-ALB were independent risk factors affecting 5-year OS, 5-year LRFS and 5-year DMFS in NPC patients. Age, T stage, smoking history were independent risk factors for 5-year OS. Age, pathological type, smoking history were independent risk factors for 5-year LRFS. T stage and N stage were independent risk factors for 5-year DMFS. The ROC curve showed that area under the curve (AUC) values of pre-NLR-PLR of 5-year OS, LRFS and DMFS in NPC were higher than those of pre-NLR and pre-PLR.
Conclusions
pre-NLR-PLR is an independent risk factor for the prognosis of NPC. The pre-NLR-PLR scoring system can be used as an individualized clinical assessment tool to predict the prognosis of patients with non-metastatic NPC more accurately and easily.
Activating Lattice Oxygen in High-Entropy LDH for Robust and Durable Water Oxidation
Authors: Wang Fangqing , Zou Peichao , Zhang Yangyang , Pan Wenli , Li Ying , Liang Limin , Chen Cong , Zheng Shijian , Liu Hui
Published: May 2023

The oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is known to be a kinetic bottleneck for water splitting. Triggering the lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM) can break the theoretical limit of the conventional adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and enhance the OER kinetics, yet the unsatisfied stability remains a grand challenge. Here, we report a novel high-entropy MnFeCoNiCu layered double hydroxide decorated with Au single atoms and O vacancies (AuSA-MnFeCoNiCu LDH), which not only displays a low overpotential of 213 mV at 10 mA cm−2 and high mass activity of 732.925 A g−1 at 250 mV overpotential in 1.0 M KOH, but also delivers exceptional stability with 700 hours of continuous operation at ~100 mA cm−2. Combining the advanced spectroscopic techniques and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, it is demonstrated that the synergistic interaction between the incorporated Au single atoms and O vacancies leads to an upshift in the O 2p band and weakens the metal-O bond, thus triggering the LOM, reducing the energy barrier, and boosting the intrinsic activity.
Seismic Response Characteristics and Performance Improvement of Near-Fault Continuous Rigid-Frame Bridges
Authors: Li Jun , Xu Long-He
Published: May 2023

In recent years, increasing attention has focused on seismic performance of long-span continuous rigid-frame bridges (CRFBs) under near-fault earthquake excitations. To investigate the characteristics of near-fault seismic response of CRFBs and evaluate the effectiveness of a hybrid seismic control system (HSCS), this study establishes 22 uncontrolled models and 22 controlled models varying in span and pier height. A comprehensive seismic evaluation method based on a fuzzy logic control (FLC) algorithm is proposed. Transverse whiplash and spatial torsion effects of the uncontrolled and controlled models are analyzed comparatively. Control performance of HSCS is evaluated and parametric study is conducted to investigate the effect of friction, damping, and ground motion on seismic response of HSCS-controlled CRFB. The results indicate that, in practical applications, the transverse whiplash and spatial torsion effects of CRFBs should be considered, particularly in multi-span CRFBs with unequal-height piers. The span and pier height have significant impact on these two effects and the corresponding girder end displacement, girder base, and pier bottom moment. Controlled bridges exhibit lower levels of these responses compared to uncontrolled bridges, and the displacement and bending moment are markedly reduced at a high control ratio of 0.4. Parametric analysis results show that the HSCS provides excellent seismic control performance for near-fault CRFBs when the optimum parameter values are used. This study may provide a useful reference for the seismic design and performance improvement of near-fault CRFBs.
PTEN deletion may be associated with CD8+ T-cell exhaustion in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
Authors: Zheng Shutao , Ma Jiajia , Li Junna , Pang Xuelian , Ma Mingfu , Ma Zhiping , Cui Wenli
Published: May 2023

'T-cell exhaustion' is a broad term describing the response of T cells to chronic antigen stimulation, initially in chronic viral infection and then extended to tumors. By definition, whether T-cell exhaustion occurs in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) remains largely unknown because little has been described. Here, the immune-suppressing checkpoint molecules involved in T-cell exhaustion, including PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-2, whose expression levels were analyzed in DLBCL, were retrieved from the GEPIA database. Compared with the normal control, CD8A, TNFA, IFNG and GZMA were markedly elevated in DLBCL, indicating that infiltrated CD8+ T cells predominate in DLBCL. Meanwhile, inhibitory immune checkpoints, such as PD-1, PD-L1, TIM-3, IL-10, IL-6 and IL-2, were significantly higher in DLBCL. PTEN, WNT2, and DKK3 expression was also evaluated. It was revealed that PTEN was lower in DLBCL without being statistically significant. Standing in contrast with PTEN, DKK3 and WNT2 were shown to be pronouncedly higher in DLBCL relative to the normal control. Prognostically, the transcriptional levels of PTEN, CD8A and DKK3 were shown to be unassociated with overall survival in DLBCL. Together, all the data we curetted from the GEPIA and TIMER databases explicitly and strongly indicate that CD8+ T-cell exhaustion may occur, which may be linked with PTEN deletion in DLBCL. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first bioinformatic study explicitly proposing that T-cell exhaustion occurs in DLBCL, which is associated with PTEN loss.
A nano instance-based learning by non-specific hybridization of DNA sequences
Authors: Su Yanqing , Lin Wanmin , Chu Ling , Zan Xiangzhen , Xu Peng , Zhang Fengyue , Liu Bo , Liu Wenbin
Published: May 2023

DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is a powerful molecule that plays a fundamental role in the storing and processing genetic information of all living organisms. In recent years, scientists over the world have devoted to taking advantage of its high density, energy efficiency and long durability to solve the challenges in information technology. Here, we propose to build an instance-based learning model by DNA molecules. The handwriting digit images in MNIST dataset are encoded by DNA sequences using a deep learning encoder. And the reversal complementary sequence of a query image is used to hybridize with the training instance sequences. Simulation results by NUPACK show that this classification model by DNA could achieve 95% accuracy on average. Wet-lab experiments also validate the predicted yield is consistent with the hybridization strength. Our work proves that it is feasible to build an effective instance-based classification model for practical application.
ERCC6L facilitates the onset of mammary neoplasia and promotes the high malignance of breast cancer by accelerating cell cycle
Authors: Yang Hong , Zhen Xiangjin , Yang Yihui , Zhang Yizhi , Zhang Sen , Hao Yue , Du Guanhua , Wang Hongquan , Zhang Bailin , Li Wan , Wang Jinhua
Published: May 2023

Breast cancer (BRCA) is the first cause of morbidity and the second cause of death in female malignant tumors. Although available drugs have been approved for the corresponding breast cancer subtypes (ER Positive, HER2+) currently, there are still no effective targeted drugs and treatment strategies for metastatic breast cancer or triple-negative breast cancer that lack targets. Therefore, it’s urgent to discover new potential targets. ERCC6L is an essential protein involved in chromosome separation during cell mitosis. However, it’s not unclear the effect of ERCC6L on tumorigenesis and progression of breast cancer. Here, we found that ERCC6L was highly expressed in breast cancer, especially in TNBC, which was closely related to poor outcomes of patients. ERCC6L conditional knockout mouse model was first carried out in this study and results that ERCC6L was required for the development of mammary gland and the tumorigenesis and progression of mammary gland cancers were confirmed. In vitro cell culture, ERCC6L acted as a tumor promoter in the malignant progression of breast cancer cells. Overexpression of ERCC6L could promote cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while knockdown of ERCC6L can cause the opposite results. Mechanistically, ERCC6L accelerated the cell cycle by regulating the G2/M checkpoint signaling pathway. Additionally, we demonstrated that there is an interaction between ERCC6L and KIF4A, both of which are a pair of closely related factors in mitosis and involved in the malignant progression of breast cancer. Taken together, ERCC6L may be used as a promising target for the treatment of BRCA.
Assessing Spatiotemporal differences in Shrimp ponds using Remote sensing data and Machine learning algorithms
Authors: Bellam Pavan Kumar , Gumma Murali Krishna , Panjala Pranay , Suzuki Aya , Mohammed Ismail
Published: May 2023

Shrimp farming and exporting is the main income source for the southern coastal districts of the Mekong delta. Monitoring these shrimp ponds is helpful in identifying losses incurred due to natural calamities like floods, sources of water pollution by chemicals used in shrimp farming, and changes in the area of cultivation with an increase in demand for shrimp production. Satellite imagery, which is consistent with good spatial resolution and helpful in providing frequent information with temporal imagery, is a better solution for monitoring these shrimp ponds remotely for larger spatial extent. The shrimp ponds of Cai Doi Vam Township, Ca Mau Province, Viet Nam were mapped using DMC-3 (TripleSat) and Jilin-1 high-resolution satellite imagery for years of 2019 and 2022. The 3m spatial resolution shrimp pond extent product showed an overall accuracy of 87.5% with a producer’s accuracy of 90.91% (errors of omission = 11.09%), and a user’s accuracy of 90.91% (errors of commission = 11.09%) for the shrimp pond class. It was noted that 66 ha of shrimp ponds in 2019 were observed to be dry in 2022, and 39 ha of other ponds had been converted into shrimp ponds in 2022. The continuous monitoring of shrimp ponds helps achieve sustainable aquaculture and acts as crucial input for the decision-makers for any interventions.
Evaluating initial responses to brolucizumab in patients undergoing conventional anti- VEGF therapy for diabetic macular edema: A retrospective, single-center, observational study
Authors: Hirano Takao , Kumazaki Akane , Tomihara Ryuji , Ito Syun , Hoshiyama Ken , Murata Toshinori
Published: May 2023

The purpose of our retrospective, single-center, observational study was to evaluate the initial responses to intravitreal injection of brolucizumab (IVBr) in patients undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME). A total of 23 eyes of 20 patients with DME treated with at least one intravitreal injection of ranibizumab or aflibercept within one year and then switched to IVBr were included. Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central macular thickness (CMT), and macular volume (MV) on optical coherence tomography images were evaluated just before the most recent conventional anti-VEGF (ranibizumab/aflibercept) injection therapy (V1), one month after the most recent traditional anti-VEGF therapy (V2), just before the first IVBr (V3), and one month after the first IVBr (V4). BCVA, CMT, MV, and the presence of intraocular inflammation (IOI) were evaluated at each visit. Anterior chamber flare values were also examined at V3 and V4. BCVA showed significant improvement at V2(0.30 ± 0.23)than V1 (0.39 ± 0.29) and at V4 (0.34 ± 0.26) than V3 (0.48 ± 0.34), (P = 0.002, P < 0.001). However, no significant difference was observed between V2 and V4 (P = 0.257). CMT was significantly thinner at V2 (346.8 ± 90.2 µm) than V1 (495.5 ± 123.8 µm), and at V4 (322.2 ± 95.7 µm) than V3 (536.5 ± 166.0 µm), (P < 0.001, P < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between V2 and V4 (P = 0.140). MV was significantly smaller at V2 (11.6 ± 2.0 mm3) than V1 (12.6 ± 1.9 mm3) and at V4 (11.2 ± 2.0 mm3) than at V3 (12.6 ± 2.0 mm3), (P < 0.001, P < 0.001) and even significantly smaller at V4 than at V2 (P = 0.009). None of the patients had IOI. No significant changes were observed in anterior chamber flare values between V3 and V4 (25.6 ± 14.6 vs. 24.0 ± 11.5 photon count/ms; P = 0.543). Both CMT and MV significantly reduced without any adverse events one month after switching from conventional anti-VEGF to IVBr therapy for DME, including IOI. MV was significantly lower for IVBr than anti-VEGF therapy after one month of treatment. Thus, switching to brolucizumab may be a viable treatment option in patients with DME who show poor response to conventional anti-VEGF agents.
Drug treatment for oral submucous fibrosis: a systematic review
Authors: chen xueru , Xie Hui , Guo Jincai
Published: May 2023

Objective
The aim of this review is to evaluate the different medicinal interventions available for the management of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF).
Materials and methods
We searched a comprehensive electronic search on PubMed, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library databases for articles related to OSF patients treated with medications from December 2011 to September 2022. GRADE system was used to evaluate the evidence quality.
Results
Twenty-nine randomized controlled trials (RCTs), six non-RCT studies were included, and the use of drugs for OSF treatment were evaluated. The main outcomes were improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation, cheek flexibility, and tongue protrusion. Drugs like steroids, hyaluronidase, pentoxifylline, lycopene, curcumin, dpirulina, aloe vera, omega3, oxitard, allicin, colchicine have been used. It was found that drugs with evidence high quality were SMI combined with triamcinolone acetonide, lycopene, pentoxifylline, curcumin, and aloe vera, and those with evidence moderate quality were allicin, colchicine, omega 3, and oxitard.
Conclusion
Based on the results of our comprehensive analysis, for long-term treatment, we found lycopene with low side effects, whereas for relieving the symptoms of severe burning sensation, aloe vera is the most effective. Although the resent review has made some progress, drug therapy for OSF remains unclear, and more high-quality RCTs are needed to identify better treatments for OSF.
Deliberate practice and clinical competence of residents: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Li Jiayin , Tang Anliu , Yang Wenqi , Tang Xiaohong
Published: May 2023

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of deliberate practice (DP) in improving the clinical competence of residents and its superiority over traditional teaching methods through a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs).
METHODS: A systematic search was conducted of PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science for relevant literature published through December 12, 2022. All RCTs reporting relationship between DP and clinical competence were included. Two independent reviewers screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria, followed by quality evaluation, data extraction, and data analysis. We calculated the pooled mean difference (MD) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for residents’ clinical competencies under the DP intervention versus traditional teaching methods in each study and combined these values using standard meta-analysis methods.
RESULTS: Ten RCTs were retrieved with 277 residents. A total of 182 residents were included in the checklist scale. Compared with traditional methods, DP significantly improved the checklist scores and enhanced residents’ clinical competency (MD = 4.44, 95% CI (1.72, 7.15), Z = 3.20, p = 0.001 < 0.05). Further, 66 residents were included in the objective structured assessment of technical skills global rating scale (OSATS GRS). The results showed that there was no significant difference in scores between the intervention group and the blank control group (MD = 1.34, 95% CI (-2.82, 5.51), Z = 0.63, p = 0.53 > 0.05), possibly due to small sample sizes. For other indicators and scales, DP had some effect on improving clinical competence.
CONCLUSIONS: DP has a certain role in improving the clinical competence of residents. Due to the different scales used and the bias of loss to follow-up in the included studies, this finding still needs to be further confirmed by high-quality, multi-center, randomized, blinded, and controlled clinical studies.
META REGISTRATION: Register name: Jiayin Li; Date of registration: 3, Mar 2023; ID: CRD42023403368
TP53 mutation prevalence in normal airway epithelium as a biomarker for lung cancer risk
Authors: Craig Daniel J. , Crawford Erin L. , Chen Heidi , Grogan Eric L. , Deppen Steven A. , Morrison Thomas , Antic Sanja L. , Massion Pierre , Willey James C.
Published: May 2023

Background
There is a need for biomarkers that improve accuracy compared with current demographic risk indices to detect individuals at the highest lung cancer risk. Improved risk determination will enable more effective lung cancer screening and better stratification of lung nodules into high or low-risk category. We previously reported discovery of a biomarker for lung cancer risk characterized by increased prevalence of TP53 somatic mutations in airway epithelial cells (AEC). Here we present results from a validation study in an independent retrospective case-control cohort.
Methods
Targeted next generation sequencing was used to identify mutations within three TP53 exons spanning 193 base pairs in AEC genomic DNA.
Results
TP53 mutation prevalence was significantly associated with cancer status. The lung cancer detection receiver operator characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) for the TP53 biomarker was 0.845 (95% confidence limits 0.749–0.942). In contrast, TP53 mutation prevalence was not significantly associated with age or smoking status among non-cancer subjects. The combination of TP53 mutation prevalence and Brock Risk Score significantly improved the association with lung cancer compared with either factor alone.
Conclusions
These results support the validity of the TP53 mutation prevalence biomarker and justify taking additional steps to assess this biomarker in AEC specimens from a prospective cohort and in matched nasal brushing specimens as a potential non-invasive surrogate specimen.
Teaching perceptions and practices in environmental education in the high school of the state public network in the city of Juazeiro/Bahia/Brazil
Authors: Silva Charle Jean Alves , Campos Maryluce Albuquerque Silva
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the perceptions and practices related to Environmental Education (EE) of high school teachers in the state education network in the municipality of Juazeiro-Brazil. A questionnaire was applied with semi-structured questions referring to educational work and its specificities in six schools. There was a need for adequate training so that the environmental theme, as a dimension of the educational-school process, is understood as a socio-environmental problem. A reflection with profound theoretical rigor is also necessary, which guides the educational actions, to break with the discourse centered exclusively on the ecological perspective that preaches superficial changes.
The Quest for Triglyceride Control: Can a low-starch diet be the answer for Insulin-Resistant Overweight Women?
Authors: Erta Gita , Gersone Gita , Tretjakovs Pēteris
Published: May 2023

Background: Insulin resistance is a condition in which body cells become less responsive to the effects of insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels and an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Triglycerides are a type of fat found in the blood that can also contribute to cardiovascular disease risk. There is evidence to suggest that dietary interventions, such as a low-starch diet, may improve triglyceride levels in individuals with insulin resistance.
Methods: In this study, 12 participants with insulin resistance were placed on a low-starch diet for 12 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after the intervention to measure triglyceride levels. Paired t-tests were used to compare mean triglyceride levels before and after the intervention.
Results: The mean level of triglycerides before the intervention was 1.16, with a standard deviation of 0.56. After the intervention, mean triglyceride levels decreased to 0.98, with a standard deviation of 0.44. The paired t-test showed that there was a significant difference in mean triglyceride levels before and after the intervention (t = 3.41, df = 11, p-value = 0.006). These results suggest that a low-starch diet intervention can be effective in improving triglyceride levels in individuals with insulin resistance.
Conclusion: The findings of this study provide evidence that a low-starch diet may be an effective dietary intervention to improve triglyceride levels in individuals with insulin resistance. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and determine the long-term effects of a low-starch diet on triglyceride levels and general health outcomes in this population.
The Assessment of cytotoxicity, apoptosis inducing activity and molecular docking of a new ciprofloxacin derivative in human leukemic cells
Authors: Pashapour Neda , Dehghan-Nayeri Mohammad Javad , Babaei Esmaeil , Khalaj-Kondori Mohammad , Mahdavi Majid
Published: May 2023

The fluoroquinolone class of antibiotics includes derivatives of the drug ciprofloxacin. These substances have recently been advocated for the treatment of cancer. In the current study, we examined the cytotoxicity and apoptosis-inducing potential of a novel synthetic ciprofloxacin derivative in the human myeloid leukemia KG1-a cell line. With an IC50 of 25µM, this ciprofloxacin derivative, 7-(4-(2-(benzhydryloxy)-2-oxoethyl) piperazin-1-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-4-oxo-1,4 dihydroquinoline-3- carboxylic acid (4-BHPCP), was an active drug. Through Hoechst 33258 staining and Annexin V/PI double staining experiments, the apoptotic activity of the 4-BHPCP was assessed morphologically. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to assess changes in the expression level of certain apoptosis-related genes, including Bcl-2, Bax, and Survivin (qRT PCR). The results of the qRT PCR analysis demonstrated that 4-BHPCP promotes apoptosis in the KG1-a cell line by down-regulating Survivin and Bcl2, up-regulating Bax, and increasing the Bax/Bcl2 transcripts in a time-dependent manner. These results imply that this novel chemical may be a promising therapy option for acute myeloid leukemia.
A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Schizophrenia in China From 2000 to 2020
Authors: Haiying Jin , Haihan Chen , Tao Hejian , Weidong Jin , Fengli Sun
Published: May 2023

Background
The prevalence of schizophrenia is influenced by many factors.Understanding this change is of academic significance and scientific value.To understand the prevalence of schizophrenia and the trend of nearly twenty years in China, providing scientific basis for early prevention and treatment by meta-analysis.
Methods
A systematic literature retrieval was conducted by using Chinese database for the information about the prevalence of schizophrenia in China published from 2000 to 2020.The quality of literature was evaluated .The prevalence was analyzed by Revman5.2.
Results
Twenty-eight articles were included. The total sample size was 76273830. The prevalence of schizophrenia in China was 3.72 ‰ (95%: 3.30 ‰ - 4.22 ‰). Subgroup analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the prevalence of schizophrenia among cases with different genders(P>0.05) ,among rural and urban(P>0.05),between the years of the survey(P>0.05). The related age range of highest prevalence of schizophrenia was 35-64 years old.
Conclusions
The prevalence of schizophrenia in China is 3.72 ‰. The prevalence rate of Schizophrenia is no difference with genders,urbancity.There was no significant change in prevalence of schizophrenia in the last twenty years.The related age range of highest prevalence of schizophrenia was 35-64 years old.
Poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) nanoparticles as a platform for the improved oral delivery of cannabidiol
Authors: Shreiber-Livne Inbar , Sulimani Liron , Shapira Anna , Procaccia Shiri , Meiri David , Sosnik Alejandro
Published: May 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD), a non-psychoactive constituent of Cannabis, has proven neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties though his therapeutic use, especially by the oral route, is still challenged by the poor aqueous solubility that results in low oral bioavailability. In this work, we investigate the encapsulation of CBD within nanoparticles of a highly hydrophobic poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(epsilon-caprolactone) block copolymer produced by a simple and reproducible nanoprecipitation method. The encapsulation efficiency is ~100% and the CBD loading 11% w/w (high performance liquid chromatography). CBD-loaded nanoparticles show a monomodal size distribution with sizes of up to 100 nm (dynamic light scattering), a spherical morphology, and the absence of CBD crystals (high resolution-scanning electron microscopy and cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy) which is in line with a very efficient nanoencapsulation. Then, the CBD release profile from the nanoparticles is assessed under gastric- and intestine-like conditions. At pH 1.2, only 10% of the payload is released after 1 h. Conversely, at pH 6.8, a release of 80% is recorded after 2 h. Finally, oral pharmacokinetics is investigated in rats and compared to a free CBD suspension. CBD-loaded nanoparticles lead to a statistically significant ~20-fold increase of maximum drug concentration in plasma (Cmax) and a shortening of the time to the Cmax (tmax) from 4 to 0.3 h, indicating a more complete and faster absorption than in free form. Moreover, the area-under-the-curve, a measure of oral bioavailability, increase by 14 times. Overall results highlight the promise of this simple, reproducible, and scalable nanotechnology strategy to improve the oral performance of CBD with respect to common oily formulations and/or lipid-based drug delivery systems associated with systemic adverse effects.
Expanding CYLD protein in NF-κβ/TNF-α signaling pathway in response to Lactobacillus acidophilus in non-metastatic rectal cancer patients
Authors: Zamani Farhad , Khalighfard Solmaz , Kalhori Mohammad Reza , Hosseinzadeh Payam , Esmati Ebrahim , Alemrajabi Mahdi , Nikoofar Alireza , Tameshkel Fahimeh Safarnezhad , Alizadeh Ali Mohammad
Published: May 2023

Introduction:
CYLD gene is a tumor suppressor, reducing in many cancers. Here, we aimed to investigate CYLD protein level and NF-κβ/TNF-α signaling pathway in rectal cancer patients with Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) consumption.
Methods:
One hundred ten patients with non-metastatic rectal cancer were randomly divided into L. acidophilus probiotic (500 mg, three times daily) and placebo groups for 13 weeks. The expression of CYLD, TNF-α, and NF-κB proteins and the genes involved in the NF-κβ/TNF-α pathway were evaluated using ELISA and qPCR techniques.The survival rate was measured after five years.
Results:
Unlike the placebo group, the results showed a significant increase in the expression of CYLD protein and tumor suppressor genes, including FOXP3, ROR-γ, Caspase3, GATA3, T-bet, and a considerable decrease in the expression of NF-ҝβ and TNF-α proteins and oncogenes, including STAT3, 4, 5, 6, and SMAD 3, in the probiotic group. A higher overall survival rate was seen after L. acidophilus consumption compared to the placebo group (P < 0.05).
Conclusion:
L. acidophilus consumption can reduce inflammation factors by affecting CYLD protein and its downstream signaling pathways.
Bacterial cellulose-based scaffold: synthesis and surface modification for sustained rifampicin release for topic skin infections treatment
Authors: Yamada Caroline , Lazarini Silmara C. , Amaral Nayara C do , Barud Hernane S. , Mariano-Neto Rafael , Gonçalves Adriano Marques , de Oliveira Guedmiller Souza , Lustri Wilton Rogério
Published: May 2023

The present work aims the production of bacterial cellulose (BC), by Komagataeibacter hansenii, and the surface modifications by methanol treatment to produce membranes with different physical characteristics that allow the use of device for sustained release of the antibacterial drug rifampicin (RIF) with broad spectrum and bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative species, being able to penetrate bacterial biofilms, for potential use as a dressing for the prevention or treatment of SSTIs. Here, BC produced was treated with methanol (BC-MetOH) to obtain optimized membranes for use as sustained release devices for the antibacterial RIF. The parameters evaluated were fiber densities, thickness, and entanglement of BC-MetOH impregnated by RIF in methanolic solution (BC-MetOH-RIF) compared to BC-dH2O impregnated by RIF in aqueous solution (BC-dH2O-RIF) in regarding the capacity for sustained release of RIF. BC-MetOH-RIF and BC-dH2O-RIF were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The comparison between the sustained release capacity of RIF by BC-RIF-MetOH and BC-RIF-dH2O were analyzed by disc diffusion technique. Intermolecular interactions between RIF and BC were accounted for in water and methanol solutions using molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Both FEG-SEM and MD simulations demonstrated that the interaction energy of the BC-RIF-MetOH set related to the RIF-BC is stronger in methanol solution than in water. The results obtained demonstrate that BC-RIF-MetOH can contribute to the increase of the therapeutic arsenal for bacterial infections treatment of the SSTIs.
Open reduction and internal fixation of irreducible displaced femoral neck fracture with Femoral Neck System: a preliminary study
Authors: Liang Chengzhi , Cao Yuan , Lin Zhihao , Liu Guoming , Zhang Chengdong , Hu Yanling
Published: May 2023

Background Most displaced femoral neck fractures can achieve satisfactory anatomical reduction by closed reduction, but there are still some that cannot reset satisfactorily after closed reduction, and open reduction are required. Such fractures that cannot be repositioned successfully by closed reduction are called irreducible displaced femoral neck fractures in this study. The objective of our study was to evaluate the efficacy of direct anterior incision with the Femoral Neck System in the treatment of irreducible displaced femoral fractures.Methods A total of 16 young and middle-aged patients with irreducible displaced femoral neck fractures involving Garden type III and IV were treated using Femoral Neck System fixation by open reduction through Direct Anterior Approach between January 2020 to September 2021. Functional outcomes and postoperative complications were assessed during follow-up. Clinical outcomes were evaluated by the Hip Harris score. The postoperative reduction was evaluated by the Garden Index. Observe postoperative complications.Results All patients were followed up with a mean follow-up time of 21.1(12–30) months, and according to radiological results, all patients achieved fracture healing, with a mean healing time of 4.25 months. All 16 patients received grade Garden I and II reductions, and there was no significant difference in the anteroposterior Garden reduction index between the first day after surgery (166.13 ± 5.61) and the 12th month after surgery(164.94 ± 4.49) (P༞0.05) and no significant difference in lateral Garden index between the first day after surgery(171.06 ± 4.46) and the 12th month after surgery(169.38 ± 3.98) (P༞0.05). According to the Hip Harris score scale, 13 patients received excellent and 3 patients received good. The postoperative Hip Harris Score(17.19 ± 4.8) was significantly higher than the preoperative score(92.19 ± 3.4), and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). No or mild femoral neck shortness occurred in 12 (75%) patients, moderate shortening occurred in 3 (18.75%) patients, and severe shortening occurred in 1 (6.25%) patient. None of the patients experienced femoral head necrosis, fracture nonunion, or incision infection. One patient developed deep venous thrombosis of lower extremity.Conclusions The Direct Anterior Approach combined with Femoral Neck System is an excellent treatment for irreducible displaced femoral neck fracture and achieved good functional outcomes and anatomical reduction with low complications.
The Effect of Kinesio Taping on abdominal muscles disorders in Postpartum: A systematic review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Zamani Yaghoob Salek , Moradian Mohsen , Eftekharsadat Bina , Safiri Saeid , Mirghafourvand Mojgan , Hasanpour Shirin , motlagh kimia , Bani Soheila
Published: June 2023

Background
Hormonal and physiological changes during Pregnancy can affect the abdominal muscles. Rectus abdominal diastasis is often diagnosed in women during Pregnancy and after childbirth. This study aimed to determine the effect of Kinesio taping on Rectus abdominal diastasis postpartum.
Methods
PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as a reference list of included studies, were searched until September 2022. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCT studies investigate the effect of Kinesio taping on Rectus abdominal diastasis in postpartum. In addition, Meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.3 statistical software.
Results
Totally 146 articles were analyzed, of which four entered meta-analysis. The overall results of the meta-analysis of the primary outcome, that's means "the effect of Kinesio taping on Rectus abdominal diastasis," showed a statistically significant difference in improving IRD above the umbilical (MD: -0.24 (95% CI -0.33, -0.16; P < 0.00001, I2 = 89%) but at the level of the umbilical and below the umbilical results were not significant. Studies regarding the secondary outcome of the remaining four studies showed that KT effectively improved pain and low back dysfunction and decreased abdominal circumference size in postpartum women.
Conclusions
This meta-analysis showed that KT in combination with Exercise improves RAD better than other methods. This improvement is more significant above the umbilicus.
An efficient callus protoplasts isolation and PEG-mediated transient expression system for subcellular localization in kiwifruit
Authors: Guo Yuqi , Liu Xinling , Lang Yuxuan , He Zunzhen , Wu Meijing , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Tong , Deng Honghong , He Ruiyuan , Fang Jinbao , Xia Hui , Liang Dong
Published: May 2023

Protoplast isolation and transient gene expression have been served as valuable tools for gene function study in plants, however, they are rarely used in most woody plants due to the lack of efficient protoplast isolation system. In the present study, the protoplast isolation and purification system of kiwifruit callus was established after condition optimization. First, the loose kiwifruit callus were obtained using young true leaves as explants, inducing on MS medium containing 0.5 mg/L zeatin and 0.5 mg/L 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), and propagating on medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L 2,4-D + 0.5 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine + 0.5 mg/L 1-naphthlcetic acid. Then, the callus subcultured at 15 d were digested with enzyme solution containing 2.0% Cellulase R-10, 0.5% Macerozyme R-10, and 0.7 M mannitol for 7 h in the dark to obtain protoplasts, reaching the yield of 2.8 × 106 protoplasts·g−1FW and the viability up to 87%. In addition, transient transformation condition in kiwifruit protoplast were optimized, approximately 40% transfection efficiency was obtained with 40% PEG4000 and 15 min transfection duration. By this way, the subcellular localization of AcMYB6l-GFP fusion proteins was verified. Taken together, we developed an efficient protocol for protoplast isolation and transient transfection in kiwifruit, laying a foundation for future research on gene function and molecular breeding in Actindia.