bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Linking water consumption smart metering with census data to improve demand management
Authors: Loureiro D. , Rebelo M. , Mamade A. , Vieira P. , Ribeiro R.
Published: December 2015

This study uses high-frequency water consumption data from 311 smart meters to link consumption with census data. For this purpose a well-established procedure was adopted. Results include the identification of the socio-demographic profiles associated to low, medium, medium-high and high water consumption groups and distinct daily consumption patterns in terms of the period of the day with maximum consumption: (i) morning period, (ii) morning and lunch period, (iii) dinner period. The main socio-demographic drivers to accurately understand water consumption within their different patterns were identified and refer to the characteristics of the population – rented middle size dwellings, middle size families, average educated (high school level) and professionally active population.
Evaluation of groundwater qualities in a paddy-dominated alluvial fan
Authors: Yoshioka Y. , Nakamura K. , Horino H. , Nakano T. , Shin K. C. , Kawashima S.
Published: December 2015

Analytically assessing groundwater quality is indispensable for sustainable use of groundwater and its effective pollution controls. A large volume of groundwater is stored in the Tedori River alluvial fan one of which of the predominant land uses being irrigated paddy fields. Much groundwater under the fan is used for drinking and industrial purposes. For assessing agricultural activities at the paddy and upland fields on groundwater quality during an irrigation period, multiple water quality items were measured in several water types, including groundwater, river water, and paddy water. Water quality indicators, such as major dissolved ions, a number of trace elements, and some isotopes were measured. The concentrations of nutrients and some elements related to the environmental standards indicated that pollution in the groundwater in the fan was not severe. Concentrations of the tracers (Mg, Na, δD, δ18O) in the shallow groundwater were low along the Tedori River and increased with distance from the river; this trend would be caused by dilution effect by the river water. It was also shown that the paddy field also affects groundwater quality by the infiltration of irrigation water.
Levels and distribution of organochlorine pesticides in surface sediment after flood season from the old Yellow River Estuary, China
Authors: Da Chunnian , Liu Guijian , Yuan Zijiao
Published: December 2015

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are characterized by ubiquity, bioaccumulation and persistence in the environment and are of worldwide concern. Sixteen surface sediment samples were analyzed for hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) to provide information on the levels, distribution and sources of these compounds after flood season in the old Yellow River Estuary, China. The concentrations of ΣDDT were considerably lower than those of ΣHCH. The concentrations of ΣHCH and ΣDDT in sediments after flood season were lower than those in sediments before flood season. The distribution indicated that the levels of HCHs and DDTs from sites near the beach were higher than those in the other sites. The principal component analysis suggested the usage of HCHs could serve as input sources for OCPs. The cluster analysis suggested that there were some similar migration characteristics and similar origins among these pesticides. O'p-DDT and o'p-DDT is of the greatest concern for the ecotoxicological risk.
3D model evolution of a leak based on GPR image interpretation
Authors: Ocaña-Levario Silvia J. , Ayala-Cabrera David , Izquierdo Joaquín , Pérez-García Rafael
Published: December 2015

This paper presents some aspects of the time propagation of underground water leakage in controlled laboratory conditions using a drilled polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe and interpreting ground penetrating radar (GPR) images. GPR pre-processed images are interpreted for easy identification and extraction of surfaces and volumes of water leakage. Finally, the temporal evolution of a water leak is shown using 3D models based on interpretation of GPR images. Water volumes obtained using this approach can be easily observed by personnel who lack highly specialized training in the analysis of raw data. The results of this study are promising and can help develop techniques to validate non-destructive models for the identification, distribution, and prediction of water leaks in water supply systems using GPR.
Study on veterinary and human antibiotics in raw and treated water from a French basin
Authors: Guillon A. , Noyon N. , Gogot C. , Robert S. , Bruchet A. , Esperanza M.
Published: December 2015

The aims of this work are to evaluate the presence of antibiotics in surface waters in a French water basin, where the presence of livestock is relatively important, and to understand the behaviour of antibiotics in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). Two sampling sites were chosen because of their livestock density and the presence of DWTPs in areas where urban activities are different. A large range of veterinary and human antibiotics were analysed in raw and treated water from the French Seine-Normandy Basin, based on the development of two analytical methodologies using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Clorsulon (an anthelmintic), fluoroquinolones, macrolides, sulfonamides (such as sulfamethoxazole, sulfadiazine), tetracyclines and trimethoprim were detected in raw surface water. Regarding the efficiency of drinking water treatment, an ozone/granular activated carbon combination proved to be effective in removing most antibiotics except danofloxacin and enrofloxacin which have an ionisable character and insufficient ozonation kinetic constant. Chlorination proved to be ineffective in removing antibiotics passing through the previous stages.
Corn starch-based treatment improves rainwater quality
Authors: Nakada Liane Yuri Kondo , Moruzzi Rodrigo Braga
Published: December 2015

Rainwater harvesting can provide an alternative water source, which may demand little treatment, depending on the end use. Some starches have been used in water treatment as coagulant/flocculant/filtration aid, and might be applied as primary coagulant. Here, we show direct filtration with hydraulic rapid mixing, using 2–6 mg L−1 cationic corn starch as primary coagulant, considerably improves roof-harvested rainwater quality, achieving removal efficiencies of up to 71.7% of apparent colour, 78% of turbidity, 1.1 log-unit of total coliform, and 1.6 log-unit of Escherichia coli, meeting guidelines for turbidity, even for potable purposes. Cationic corn starch has proved to be a suitable primary coagulant when filtration is performed in a single-layer sand filter (coefficient of uniformity: 1.8, effective particle size: 0.52 mm), at hydraulic loading rate of 450 m day−1. However, a disinfection unit is required to meet an absence of faecal coliform.
Comparison of O3 + GAC, O3 + H2O2 + GAC, and GAC unit operation on natural organic matter and taste and odor causing compounds removal using a pilot plant study
Authors: Park Hanbai , Kim Tae-Yul , Woo Dalsik , Cho Yong-Sik
Published: December 2015

Removal of natural organic matter (NOM) and taste and odor problems in drinking water are a sensitive issue in municipal water treatment plants. This study investigated the effectiveness of ozone (O3) + granular activated carbon (GAC), O3 + hydroperoxide (H2O2) + GAC, and GAC processes using a pilot scale plant to remove NOM and geosmin (50–1,000 ng/L), and 2-methylisoborneol (2-MIB: 50–300 ng/L). In the O3 + GAC process, NOM-related parameters showed an average of 52% dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from 2 mg/L DOC influent, 99.3% haloacetic acids (HAAs) removal from 0.097 mg/L HAAs influent, and 100% removal from 0.05 mg/L bromide influent. Taste and odor removal rates were 94–100% for geosmin and 87–100% for 2-MIB. The O3 + H2O2 + GAC process removed an average of 55% DOC, 99.7% HAAs, 100% bromate, 94–100% geosmin, and 93–100% 2-MIB. The GAC process removed 46% DOC, 98.3% HAAs, 100% bromate, 83–100% geosmin, and 81–100% 2-MIB. Based on a comparison of the efficiencies and an economic analysis, the O3 + H2O2 + GAC process was determined to be the optimal system for removing NOM and taste and odor compounds.
The effects of Parachlorella kessleri cultivation on brewery wastewater
Authors: O'Rourke Rachel , Gaffney Mark , Murphy Richard
Published: December 2015

Bioindustrial wastewaters, often characterised by high carbon and nitrogen contents, have shown promise as a valuable resource for the cultivation of beneficial microorganisms. The purpose of this study was to assess if Parachlorella kessleri could utilise brewery wastewater (Br WW) for growth and production of metabolites. P. kessleri was cultivated on different concentrations of Br WW over 14 days. Higher concentrations of Br WW led to an approximate two-fold increase in dry cell weight yielding a maximum of 12.3 g DCW/L. High glucose and nitrogen utilisation was associated with high algal biomass yields, with a 97% reduction in glucose achieved in 50% (v/v) Br WW cultures after 14 days. Assessing the benefits to P. kessleri, increases in oleic and α-linoleic acids were seen in 50 and 10% (v/v) Br WW cultures. Concentration of Br WW did not have an impact on the overall antioxidant activities of microalgal cultures, however, it did affect phenolic levels (2.4-fold increase) in 50% (v/v) Br WW cultures. This research demonstrated that P. kessleri did utilise the carbon and nitrogen content in the Br WW for growth and metabolite production, thereby reducing the nutrient load of the Br WW.
Intraoperative Fluids and Fluid Management for Ambulatory Dental Sedation and General Anesthesia
Authors: Saraghi Mana
Published: December 2015

Intravenous fluids are administered in virtually every parenteral sedation and general anesthetic. The purpose of this article is to review the physiology of body-water distribution and fluid dynamics at the vascular endothelium, evaluation of fluid status, calculation of fluid requirements, and the clinical rationale for the use of various crystalloid and colloid solutions. In the setting of elective dental outpatient procedures with minor blood loss, isotonic balanced crystalloid solutions are the fluids of choice. Colloids, on the other hand, have no use in outpatient sedation or general anesthesia for dental or minor oral surgery procedures but may have several desirable properties in long and invasive maxillofacial surgical procedures where advanced hemodynamic monitoring may assess the adequacy of intravascular volume.
Case of Vasovagal Syncope With Asystole Associated With Propofol Sedation
Authors: Fujii-Abe Keiko , Uriu Kazutaka , Kawahara Hiroshi
Published: December 2015

Few cases of bradycardic complications occurring under intravenous sedation have been reported. Here, we report a case of vasovagal syncope with asystole (7.2 seconds) associated with propofol sedation.
Effect of Preoperative Pain on Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block
Authors: Aggarwal Vivek , Singla Mamta , Subbiya Arunajatesan , Vivekanandhan Paramasivam , Sharma Vikram , Sharma Ritu , Prakash Venkatachalam , Geethapriya Nagarajan
Published: December 2015

The present study tested the hypothesis that the amount and severity of preoperative pain will affect the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. One-hundred seventy-seven adult volunteer subjects, actively experiencing pain in a mandibular molar, participated in this prospective double-blind study carried out at 2 different centers. The patients were classified into 3 groups on the basis of severity of preoperative pain: mild, 1–54 mm on the Heft-Parker visual analog scale (HP VAS); moderate, 55–114 mm; and severe, greater than 114 mm. After IANB with 1.8 mL of 2% lidocaine, endodontic access preparation was initiated. Pain during treatment was recorded using the HP VAS. The primary outcome measure was the ability to undertake pulp access and canal instrumentation with no or mild pain. The success rates were statistically analyzed by multiple logistic regression test. There was a significant difference between the mild and severe preoperative pain group (P = .03). There was a positive correlation between the values of preoperative and intraoperative pain (r = .2 and .4 at 2 centers). The amount of preoperative pain can affect the anesthetic success rates of IANB in patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis.
Parkinson's Disease Patients with Dominant Hemibody Affected by the Disease Rely More on Vision to Maintain Upright Postural Control
Authors: Lahr Juliana , Pereira Marcelo Pinto , Pelicioni Paulo Henrique Silva , De Morais Luana Carolina , Gobbi Lilian Teresa Bucken
Published: December 2015

This study assesses the association between disease onset side (dominant or non-dominant) and vision on postural control of Parkinson's disease patients. Patient volunteers composed two groups, according to the onset side affected: Dominant group ( n = 9; M age = 66.1 yr., SD = 7.2; 6 women, 3 men) and Non-dominant group ( n = 9; M age = 67.4yr., SD = 6.4; 6 women, 3 men). The groups' postural control was assessed by posturography during quiet upright stance in two conditions, Eyes open and Eyes closed. Two-way analyses of variance (ANOVAs; group × condition) with repeated measures for the second factor assessed the differences associated with affected hemibody and vision on postural control. Analyses indicated that patients with the dominant side affected also presented significantly greater variation in center of pressure than those with the non-dominant side affected, mainly in the Eyes closed condition. The results demonstrate a higher reliance on vision in the dominant side, possibly to compensate somatosensory system impairments. These results also highlight the importance of analyzing the hemibody affected by the disease when postural control is assessed in this population.
The Home Advantage in Major League Baseball
Authors: Jones Marshall B.
Published: December 2015

Home advantage is smaller in baseball than in other major professional sports for men, specifically football, basketball, or soccer. This paper advances an explanation. It begins by reviewing the main observations to support the view that there is little or no home advantage in individual sports. It then presents the case that home advantage originates in impaired teamwork among the away players. The need for teamwork and the extent of it vary from sport to sport. To the extent that a sport requires little teamwork it is more like an individual sport, and the home team would be expected to enjoy only a small advantage. Interactions among players on the same side (teamwork) are much less common in baseball than in the other sports considered.
Capacity building training in Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Govinda
Published: December 2015

Not available.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015
Phytoalexins stimulation in the infected Sesamum indicum L. with fungus Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid (Rot Disease)
Authors: Sharma Sandhya , Sharma Vinay , Alam Afroz
Published: December 2015

Plants respond to a wide variety of pathogen attack. They show the local response in originally attacked plant organ and systemic response in unaffected plant parts with the de novo production of phytochemical compounds. Phenolics (polyphenols) play an important role in the defense mechanism of the plants. So, this study was carried out to analyze the metabolic modifications in Sesame plant after the infection with the pathogen (Macrophomina phaseolina) by estimating the levels of polyphenol in 7 days and 14 days old Sesame plants. The polyphenol contents in infected plants are considerably exceeded in contrast to control plants. This in vivo study of M. phaseolina infection reveals the differences of resistance levels in Sesame against the pathogen. The obtained results give important information concerning the plant-pathogen interactions, in the defense response for Sesame improvement programs seeking the adaptation to the diverse range of fungal attack along with adverse environmental factors.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 1-18
Quality changes in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) roots during storage period in piles
Authors: Al-Jbawi Entessar , Geddawi Sameer Al , Alesha Gaidaa
Published: December 2015

Root transportation or remaining in fields or trucks for many days before manufacturing is considered one of the main problems that leads to the deterioration of root quality, and caused a great loss for the farmer and government. Because of the importance of this issue, a study was conducted during 2007 and 2008 seasons at winter time (15th of Jan) at Al Ghab Agriculture Research Center, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research (GCSAR), Syria, to determine the effect of some agricultural treatments (varieties), and environment conditions on the quality traits, water content of sugar beet during 1-10 days after harvest. Also to estimate correlation coefficient between post harvest period and the quality traits and water content. Four recommended sugar beet varieties were used, tow monogerm i.e. Rizor and Sherif, and tow multigerm i.e. Hospoly and Kronos. Randomized Completely Block Design (RCBD) was used with four replicates. The results showed that prolonging storage period of the harvested roots leads to high and gradual increment in the total soluble solids (brix %), from the first day to the last day of the studied storage period. The percent of increment for all varieties in brix% was 42.98%. Also the results clarified low sugar percent, and water content, which were 46 and 21.25 %, respectively. The reduction in juice purity % ranged from 76.08% in the first day to 67.23% in the last day for all varieties. The coefficient of correlation (r) exhibited a positive correlation between brix % and sucrose % , and a negative correlation between brix % and purity %, and also a negative correlation between water content and both brix and sucrose percentages.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 77-85
Hair Dye poisoning – A rare case Report
Authors: Neki N.S. , Jain Ankur , Bajaji Rohit , Jindal Mohit Manav
Published: December 2015

Hair dye poisoning is not uncommon but an emerging entity in India with increased morbidity and mortality. The main component of hair dye poisoning is paraphenylenediamine (PPD), which is highly toxic thus making it life threatening. PPD poisoning can result in various toxic effects, multiorgan failure and ultimately death. Clinical suspicion and timely management can improve the outcome. We report a case of 35 year old male presented to hospital within 4 hours of consuming hair dye with complaints of swelling of face and neck, vomiting and difficulty in breathing. He was satisfactorily managed with supportive therapy and endotracheal intubation and discharged without any ill effects.Journal of Advances in Internal Medicine 2014;3(2):72-73
Numerical Prediction of Extreme Precipitation over a Truly Complex Terrain of Nepal Himalaya
Authors: Maharjan Sangeeta , Regmi Ram R
Published: December 2015

The predictability of extreme precipitation over truly complex terrain of Nepal Himalaya using Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Modeling System has been examined with the case study of record high precipitation (357 mm in 24-hours) over the Pokhara area on the day of 18 August 2001 initialized with NCEP Reanalysis Global Data sets of 1° x 1° resolution without appreciating observation data assimilation. The model resolved the essential features of the precipitation pattern over the area although the model underestimated the reported amount of precipitation as much as 87 mm. The difference may be attributed to the highly localized intense precipitation due to local effects. Significant improvement in the accuracy of prediction can be expected with detail regional meteorological data assimilation.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 15-19
Boundary Layer Characteristics over the Central Area of the Kathmandu Valley as Revealed by Sodar Observation
Authors: Shrestha Sajan , Shrestha Saraswati , Maharjan Sangeeta , Regmi Ram P.
Published: December 2015

The characteristic behavior of prevailing boundary layer over the central area of the Kathmandu valley was continuously monitored by deploying a monostatic flat array sodar during the period of 03 to 16 March 2013. Diurnal variation of wind and mixing layer height were chosen to describe the boundary layer activities over the area by considering the day of 12 March 2013 as the representative day for the period of observation. The study shows that central area of the valley remains calm or windless under stable stratification throughout the night and early morning frequently capped by northeasterly or easterly wind aloft. Strong surface level thermal inversion prevails during the period up to the height of 80m above the surface. This inversion tends to lift up as the morning progresses and reaches to the height of 875 m or so close to the noontime. Intrusion of regional winds as westerly/northwesterly and the southerly/southwesterly from the western and southwestern low-mountain passes and the river gorge in the afternoon tends to reduce the noontime mixing layer height to about 700 m. The diurnal variation of wind and mixing layer height suggest that Kathmandu valley possesses a poor air pollution dispersion power and hence the valley is predisposed to high air pollution potential.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 28-35
Bayesian Estimation Using Progressively Censored Masked Data Under Asymmetric Loss Function
Authors: Tomer S.K. , Kumar Jitendra
Published: December 2015

Competing risk modeling is very useful for the assessment of component characteristics in reliability studies. In this paper, we consider the competing risk modeling of progressively censored data when units under lifetest are series system of two components. Assuming the lifetime distributions of components to be exponentially distributed, we obtain Bayes estimate of parameters and components relative risks under asymmetric loss functions. Bayesian computation is done using Lindley’s approximation. A simulation study is presented for numerical illustrations.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 40-50
Bioassay Guided Isolation of Free Radical Scavenging Agent from the Bark of Bridelia retusa
Authors: Sharma Khaga Raj , Adhikari Achyut , Choudhary M. Iqbal , Awale Suresh , Kalauni Surya Kant
Published: December 2015

Bioassay guided fractionation of ethyl acetate soluble fraction of methanolic extract of Bridelia retusa yielded tambulin (1), beta-sitosterol (2), and beta-sitosterol glucoside (3), and their structures were elucidated using modern spectroscopic techniques. Compounds 1-3 were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and compound 1 was found to be potent antioxidant. The DPPH assay showed that the compound 1 has potent antioxidant activity with IC50 166.15±1.92 SEM [muM] and the radical scavenging activity was found to be 86.03% where as the standard butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) has IC50 value 128.83±2.1 SEM [muM]. The radical scavenging activity of standard butylated hydroxy toluene was about 86% .The total phenolic content in ethyl acetate soluble fraction was found to be 147.20±1.5 mg GAE/gm and the total flavonoid content was found to be 16.64±0.00 mg QE/gm.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 97-101
Medico-ethnobiology in Rai Community: A Case Study from Baikunthe Village Development Committee, Bhojpur, Eastern Nepal
Authors: Rai Rabina , Singh N.B.
Published: December 2015

This paper tried to explore the uses of medicinal animals and plants for the treatment of different diseases in the Rai community of Baikunthe VDC, Bhojpur, Nepal. About 87 plant species belonging to 55 families were used in treating 65 types of diseases while 27 different animal species belonging to 23 families were used in healing 28 ailments. The community is rich in traditional medicinal knowledge and has been using several plants and animal species for healing ailments in their day to day life. Finally, to protect their knowledge, awareness dissemination and further documentation has become vital.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 127-132
Ultimate Population Size under Changed Age Specific Fertility Schedule
Authors: Aryal Roshan , Aryal T.R.
Published: December 2015

This paper attempts to obtain ultimate population size under changed age specific fertility schedule. The reduction in fertility under exponential and linear decline has been discussed in order to obtain ultimate population size. A concept has been suggested to obtain ultimate population size by combining both exponential and linear decline pattern in age schedule due to faster reduction in fertility at the beginning and thereafter slower declining rate in fertility age schedule.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 138-140
Plio-Pleistocene Plant Megafossils from the Lukundol Formation (Nakkhu Khola, Lalitpur District, Central Nepal)-First Results
Authors: Paudayal Khum N.
Published: December 2015

The lacustrine sediments of the Kathmandu Basin are rich in plant mega and micro fossils. The Lukundol Formation which is distributed in the southern part of the Kathmandu Basin yielded nicely preserved plant megafossils from different locations. A 5.5 m thick carbonaceous clay bed at the left bank of the Nakkhu Khola, near Chyasikot village, Lalitpur contains abundant plant debris, leaf impressions, seed and fruits, gymnosperm needles and cones. The plant fossils discovered from this location are identified as Berberis asiatica (leaf), Rhododendron arboreum (leaf), Rhododendron barbatum (leaf), Litsea elongata (leaf), Pinus roxburghii (needles and cones) Trapa bispinosa and Trapa quadrispinosa (fruits). Many leaf impressions are also collected from Bungmati and Chovar area. This paper deals with the first reporting of plant fossils from Nakkhu Khola section. The findings from other sections will be reported separately.Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2015, 20(1): 141-144
ATR-FTIR spectroscopy and chemometric techniques for the identification of edible vegetable oils
Authors: Karim MM , Karim SFE , Rana AA , Masum SM , Mondol A , Israt SS
Published: December 2015

There is a large variety and trademarks of vegetable oils in Bangladesh. The oils have characteristics very similar to each other and often cannot be classified by the observation of color, odor or taste. This paper proposes a vibrational spectroscopic method like FTIR in association with chemometric techniques to classify vegetable oils like: sunflower, mustard, sesame, soybean, castor, olive and palm oils from different manufacturers. In the FTIR spectra of oil, as information about fatty acid composition is concentrated in the range of 4400-200 cm-1 principal component analysis (PCA) was applied on the standardized full FTIR spectral data of this region for vegetable oils to totally capture the FTIR spectral pattern; seven varieties of vegetable oils could be successfully classified from their PCA scores. PCA of FTIR spectra of different known vegetable oils is used to determine the identity of several unknown vegetable oils. The unknowns are then analyzed, plotted, and identified based on their proximity to the known in principal component space. For the multivariate analysis PCA and soft independent modeling of class analogy (SIMCA) and support vector machines (SVMs) were used. 85% and 14% variability of data was explained by PC1 and PC2 respectively. PC1 has strong positive correlation with soybean, sunflower, palm and olive oil while strong negative correlation with mustard, castor and sesame oil. Soybean oils are positively and sesame oils are negatively correlated with PC2. Unknown oil samples can be identified properly by used supervised methods i.e. SIMCA, SVM by developing model with the help of PCA. The major interest of this method using chemometric analysis of spectral data is in their rapidity, since no chemical treatment of samples is required.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 233-240, 2015
In vitro evaluation of Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride
Authors: Jaman M , Chowdhury AA , Rana AA , Masum SM , Ferdous T , Rashid MA , Karim MM
Published: December 2015

The in vitro evaluation of the physical characteristics of the pharmaceutical products ensures their quality as well as bioavailability and impart optimum therapeutic activity. Ciprofloxacin HCl, a widely used antibiotic to treat different types of bacterial infections, was chosen for this in vitro comparative study of different pharmaceutical company. The present study compared the content uniformity, weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, diameter, disintegration and dissolution ability of five brands of ciprofloxacin HCl tablets marketed in Bangladesh to confirm whether they follow USP guidelines. All five brands of ciprofloxacin HCl tested meet the specification of the USP for content uniformity, weight variation, hardness, friability, thickness, diameter, disintegration and dissolution. The amount of active ciprofloxacin HCl varies from 244.46 mg to 248.46 mg among the products. The average hardness and friability of the products varies 73.9 N to 77.6 N and 0.013% to 0.031%, respectively. All the brands had shown disintegration time 5 to 8 minutes while they showed 80 to 95 % release of active ingredient within 30 minutes in dissolution testing. This may confirm the absorption of the drug from gastrointestinal tract for optimum therapeutic effect.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 251-256, 2015
Kinetics of transesterification of Madhuca Indica oil over modified zeolites: biodiesel synthesis
Authors: Pratap SR , Shamshuddin SZM , Thimmaraju N , Shyamsundar M , Reena SS
Published: December 2015

In this article production of biodiesel from Madhuca indica oil (MI-oil) containing high % of free fatty acids (FFA) by transesterification process with methanol over basic zeolites such as NaY loaded with 5-25% KOH is presented. The zeolites were characterized by PXRD, BET and CO2-TPD methods prior to their catalytic activity studies. Optimization of reaction conditions for transesterification was conducted in order to get highest possible yield of biodiesel. 1HNMR and FTIR analysis confirms the conversion of MI-oil to biodiesel. The physico-chemical properties of MI-biodiesel were found to be comparable with that of the standard biodiesel. The NaY and KOH/NaY zeolites were found to be efficient and reusable catalysts without much loss of their catalytic activity when used for several times in biodiesel production.Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 50(4), 271-278, 2015
Understanding Valuing Devices in Tourism through “Place-making”
Authors: Baka Vasiliki
Published: December 2015

The paper explores how valuing devices and verification mechanisms such as user-generated content (UGC) websites partake in performing placeness. The findings are based upon a corpus of data including a case study at the offices of the largest user-generated travel website, TripAdvisor, a longitudinal netnographic approach and a conceptual review. Originally inspired by theorists of space we treat places as sites of becoming that are performed through everyday practices. In claiming that places become meaningful only in and through practices we stress the importance of treating rating and ranking mechanisms as generative, rather than merely reductive algorithmically produced representations. By juxtaposing traditional enactments of traveling, we are discussing how placeness has been transformed and how this has fueled a series of further revisions to valuing tourism. We conclude the paper by appreciating the multiplicity of performativity as being implicated in the algorithmic configurations on contemporary valuing devices and enacted as we read, interpret, write, imagine. It is suggested that although earlier valuing devices have evoked place-making in various ways, the rise of UGC websites has converted the travel experience into a constant negotiation process whereby both the value of places and the value of valuing devices are contested.
Les perspectives de la fiscalité positive de l'eau et de l'air : l'amorce d'une fiscalité écologique
Authors: Grammatico Laetitia , Meca Ingrid
Published: December 2015

The institution of the general tax on polluting activities (TGAP) forms part

of a strategy of prevention rather than reparation, integrating the concept of sustainable development with the Community objective of ecotaxation.

Having involved the remodelling of the tax System with regard to water and air protection, this tax does not seem to be fully consistent with the logic of the polluter pays principle, whether in terms of how it is assessed or its operational consequences for the public agencies responsible for protection of air and water quality.
De la réattribution des alluvions dans un contexte d'ouvrages hydroélectriques
Authors: Papon-Vidal Patricia
Published: December 2015

Private persons have often sought to exploit rivers in spite of strict laws making their use public property. The property of waste soil and deposits caused by rivers, whether navigable or not, whether floatable or not has also been a cause of litigation, the cultivation of fertile land and cattle breeding being at stake. The french civil Code provides an overall definition of the term « alluvium » and attributes the plots formed to the owners of waterside property. The accumulation of soil is defined as deposits formed slowly, progressively and successively by the movement of water causing erosion. French property rights imply that the alluvion formed and the new land acquired have the same legal regime as the previously acquired land. In accordance with long established precedent, the Cour de Cassation confirmed the rights of waterside property owners over the alluvium formed successively and progressively in the formed bed of the river « la Durance ». However the judgment refers to an area in which a hydro electric dam exists to check the effects of flooding, to irrigate the adjacent land and to produce energy. In this context, the Court makes the distinction between alluvium caused by work carried out legally and alluvium due to the natural movement of the water. Therefore, the judges considered that the work to build the dam did not have any effect over time on the formation of deposits and awarded the newly formed land to the riverside property owners. The role of technology in this recent example emphasizes the need to update the original laws. In fact the presence of a dam brings about the quasi spontaneous formation of deposits. Moreover, the deterioration of the environment, the existence of a Company with a monopoly on the production of electricity in France, the considerable detrimental effects on the waterside property owners who are often inadequately compensated should lead to new jurisprudence.
Les sanctions alternatives et complémentaires aux peines classiques en droit de l'environnement : étude comparative (France et Burkina Faso)
Authors: Ouedraogo Clarisse
Published: December 2015

Damage to the environment constitutes a new type of criminality to which conventional criminal penalties are not always well-suited. For this reason, the legal Systems in France and Burkina Faso have developed several alternative and complementary sanctions in addition to conventional penalties. Some of these sanctions are imposed by the judge in criminal law proceedings. Examples of such approaches include positive obligations to undertake certain actions, such as restoration and work in the public interest : these penalties are clearly useful for environmental protection but are not yet widely applied. Other alternative and complementary sanctions are just as useful : measures such as the loss or restriction of certain rights, advertising measures and confiscation are often imposed in order better to adapt criminal sanctions to the environmental field. The administration also has important powers to impose environmental sanctions, not only through mechanisms for seulement or compromise but also by the occasional imposition of penalties in rem on the offender. However, this can raise problems of cumulative penalties which conflicts with the principle of proportionality in penalty-setting.
Consommation et environnement
Authors: Giraudel Catherine
Published: December 2015

Cette chronique régulière développe le contentieux relatif aux produits destinés au consommateur dans la mesure où ce contentieux se trouve en connexité avec la protection de l'environnement. Elle fait également le point sur les principaux textes communautaires et nationaux concernant la matière.

La première partie très diversifiée porte sur les protections spéciales relatives aux produits de traitement (additifs, pesticides) et aux produits de qualité spécifique, notamment produits issus de l'agriculture biologique ainsi que les divers signes de la qualité agroalimentaire. Sont ensuite évoquées les biotechnologies avec les organismes génétiquement modifiés, les espèces animales et végétales protégées ainsi que l'exigence générale de sécurité des produits. Une brève deuxième partie envisage les protections de droit commun en droit pénal, droit civil, droit administratif.

Tout ce foisonnement d'évolutions concernant les produits et leurs nuisances est de plus en plus indissociable non seulement du contexte communautaire, mais encore du contexte mondial. Il génère de graves conflits entre les Etats sur des questions sensibles (OGM, hormones, etc.).
Commentaire partiel de la loi n° 2000-597 du 30 juin 2000 relative au référé devant les juridictions administratives : du sursis à exécution au référé suspension, simple réforme en trompe-l'œil ou évolution inquiétante ?
Authors: Braud Xavier
Published: December 2015

The Act of 30 June 2000 is primarily intended to transform the current procedure for stay of execution into an interlocutory procedure for suspension. It is supposed to make the administrative judge responsible for interlocutory proceedings more effective and draws heavily on interlocutory powers already available to criminal and civil judges. In particular, the text specifically aims to make it easier for claimants to submit objections to the enforceable character of administrative decisions.

However, the analysis shows that even if the Act undoubtedly provides an « invitation » to the administrative judge to opt for future suspension rather than the current stay, the new substantive conditions required for such a suspension are in fact very close to those for a stay of execution. With regard to procedural aspects, on the other hand, the reform is significant but it is doubtful whether claimants will benefit from this as concern for efficiency may lead to a System of justice that is more expeditious than effective.
Synthesis of bi- and bis-1,2,3-triazoles by copper-catalyzed Huisgen cycloaddition: A family of valuable products by click chemistry
Authors: Zheng Zhan-Jiang , Wang Ding , Xu Zheng , Xu Li-Wen
Published: December 2015

The Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction, also known as click chemistry, has become a useful tool for the facile formation of 1,2,3-triazoles. Specifically, the utility of this reaction has been demonstrated by the synthesis of structurally diverse bi- and bis-1,2,3-triazoles. The present review focuses on the synthesis of such bi- and bistriazoles and the importance of using copper-promoted click chemistry (CuAAC) for such transformations. In addition, the application of bitriazoles and the related CuAAAC reaction in different fields, including medicinal chemistry, coordination chemistry, biochemistry, and supramolecular chemistry, have been highlighted.
Financial Crisis and Its Impacts on State Budget: Sources of Anti-Crisis Strategy by Defence Department
Authors: Ochrana František
Published: December 2015

When the White Paper on Defence was drafted, there was lot optimism as of crisis, then only set in motion. It was regarded as a mere limited, transitional phenomenon. Nowadays we see that it is not a standard crisis known from history, but the so-called systems crises. It is a different sort of crises; we ought to respond by systems reaction in which the society should response to crisis as a whole. This paper originated as a research paper dealing with methods the Czech state should adapt to avert opening crises, with all its sectors and components, including the sector of Department of Defence. The author proposes to draw up a working document "The Army for the Next Twenty Years".
The Americans Withdrew from Iraq and Changed Military Strategy
Authors: Rašek Antonín
Published: December 2015

American military strategy was preparing long before the US troops left Iraq. The published document reacted to circumstances after the end of Iraq conflict and planning withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2014. Pentagton's analysis underlined the fact that in the following years, US forces would not conduct wars similar to Afghanistan and Iraq. Defence secretary Leon Panetta told reporters that American forces were going to be smaller but more effective, innovative and technologically advanced. In spite of budget cuts, military expenditures were planned larger in volume then in the last year of G. W. Bush's presidential term.
Multinational Operations and NAMSA Agency: Visions till the Year 2020
Authors: Vincenec Vladislav , Cempírek Miroslav
Published: December 2015

The invariable and constant task of logistics planners is the most effective utilization of sources. One of the methods incorporates NAMSA agency into operational and logistics planning. The NAMSA is regarded as a very effective provider of services covering the whole area of logistics. It is estimated that in the near future the agency will conduct logistics support to Alliance member nations. In 2020 the NAMSA will make use of energy and fuel mainly from sources friendly to our environment, therefore employing NAMSA agency for our army will be both economical and environmental.
Accoutrements Support of Selected Uniformed Units of the CR
Authors: Zelenák Michal , Pecina Miroslav
Published: December 2015

The article focuses on comparing the current legal requirements of the provision of authorized accoutrements uniformed forces and identifies their differences. The article proposes the change in payment of compensation for unused authorized accoutrements. It is not only a matter of Army of the Czech Republic and other uniformed forces of the Czech Republic, e.g. Police of the Czech Republic or Prison Service of the Czech Republic. Uniformed forces ought to receive adequate material support, as they have to distinguish themselves from civilians with the regard to the nature and specifics of their duties.
Que peut faire un thérapeute d’adolescents avec internet ?
Authors: Leroux Yann , Lebobe Kathya
Published: December 2015

Le développement du numérique offre de nouvelles opportunités de soin pour les psychothérapeutes. L’article décrit les spécificités de la situation française au regard des médiations numériques. Il précise les avantages et les désavantages des thérapies en ligne ainsi que leurs indications et leurs contre-indications. La discussion d’un moment de psychothérapie d’une adolescente illustre comment le mail peut être un médiateur intéressant. Des hypothèses sont formulées sur les processus qui ont permis les changements observés dans le cadre de ce traitement en ligne.
Le protocole de l’analyse à l’épreuve du numérique
Authors: Fleury Cynthia
Published: December 2015

Quelle est la place des nouvelles technologies de la communication dans le protocole analytique ? Est-il possible d’effectuer un travail analytique, voire de faire une « séance » par voie numérique alors que celle-ci est par nature à l’abri des rapports sociaux classiques et des formes de pression et de domination habituelles ? La scénographie analytique est garante de la cessation des modes panoptiques. Quelles sont les conditions « numériques » de possibilité de la cure analytique ?
Le retrait des jeunes (ou hikikomori ), une préférence négative
Authors: Vellut Natacha
Published: December 2015

Le retrait social des jeunes, nommé hikikomori et étudié depuis les années 1990 au Japon, intrigue depuis peu les chercheurs et cliniciens d’autres pays. À partir de la lecture que font G. Deleuze et G. Agamben du roman Bartleby de H. Melville, nous proposons de définir le retrait comme une « préférence négative » susceptible de se résoudre dans un dépassement de soi lors du passage de l’adolescence à l’âge adulte.
Parcours de hikikomori et typologie du retrait
Authors: Fansten Maïa , Figueiredo Cristina
Published: December 2015

Le phénomène de retrait à domicile des jeunes ou hikikomori nous montre une façon nouvelle et particulière, pour des adolescents aux profils différents, d'exprimer un malaise. Leurs discours sur leur parcours et leur réclusion font l'objet d'une analyse qui met au jour trois types de retrait : le retrait alternatif, le retrait réactionnel et le retrait chrysalide. Chacun constitue une modalité de réponse face aux attentes sociales et aux dynamiques familiales dans le passage vers l’âge adulte.
Crimes de haine
Authors: Dayan Jacques
Published: December 2015

L’assassinat collectif de journalistes sert de départ à l’analyse du fanatisme, ses ressorts et sa contextualisation sociale dans l’Europe moderne descendante des Lumières. Nous tentons de montrer que le détachement de l’inféodation de l’État au religieux s’est fondé sur des principes d’humanisme. Nous discutons la notion du développement du sens moral chez l’enfant à partir de remarques issues de la psychanalyse et évoquons les liens entre style et position psychique en regard de la paranoïa.
À propos d’ hikikomori
Authors: Tajan Nicolas
Published: December 2015

Le présent article est la recension d’un ouvrage réunissant des cliniciens japonais et français et dont le thème est l’étude du retrait adolescent ou hikikomor i. Ce travail ouvre à un partenariat à développer entre Japon et Europe, afin d’apprécier les invariants et les spécificités de ces conduites au cours de l’adolescence.
Entre Maghreb et Europe
Authors: Aubert Annie Élisabeth
Published: December 2015

L’article étudie trois romans portés par le travail d’adolescence de leurs auteurs : Assia Djebar, Faïza Guène et Jonas Hassen Khemiri. Inscrits dans des conflits entre les langues qu’ils organisent, ces romans valent comme « laboratoire culturel » pour traiter le trauma de la culture inscrit dans les relations entre Europe et Maghreb : ils travaillent l’historicisation dans la langue et complexifient le processus de re-transmission intergénérationnelle.
En son for (t) intérieur
Authors: Neuquelman-Denis Fabienne
Published: December 2015

Dans un premier temps, cette étude se propose de faire le repérage de l’usage d’éléments relevant du champ freudien dans une analyse jungienne : un concept tout d’abord (le cadre), mais également un élément du dispositif freudien (le divan). Toutefois, à suivre le processus à l’œuvre dans la cure, le lecteur est emmené au-delà vers d’autres niveaux symboliques. Le temenos devient une image centrale dans cette cure, dont sont dégagées différentes caractéristiques, d’un temenos extérieur à un temenos intime. Le cas clinique choisi illustre directement certains points cliniques mis en évidence par Jung dans Psychologie et alchimie .
Regarder dans la fenêtre du jeu de sable
Authors: Bonamy Cyrille
Published: December 2015

Le cadre du jeu de sable est-il un cadre analytique ? L’auteur discute, à partir de son expérience avec un certain nombre d’enfants, des éléments qui constituent le cadre du jeu de sable. Il se penche en particulier sur les notions de medium malléable et d’objet transitionnel dans cette situation. Il montre comment le jeu et le toucher, deux notions discutables en analyse, sont ici des constituants analytiques fondamentaux du cadre.