bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Foreign-born status and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus by years of residence in the United States
Authors: Noah Akaninyene I. , Perez-Patron Maria J. , Gongalla Megha , Hill Ashley V. , Taylor Brandie DePaoli
Published: June 2023

To explore the association between acculturation among foreign-born (FB) women, gestational diabetes (GDM) and GDM-associated adverse birth outcomes, we conducted a retrospective cohort study of 34,696 singleton pregnancies from Houston, TX, between 2011 and 2022. FB women (n = 18,472) were categorized based on years of residence in US (0–5, 6–10, and > 10 years), while US-born women (n = 16,224) were the reference group. A modified Poisson regression model determined the association between acculturative level and GDM within the entire cohort and stratified by race/ethnicity. Compared to US-born women, FB women with 0–5 years [adjusted relative risk (RRadj.) 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.42)], 6–10 years (RRadj. 1.89, 95%CI 1.68–2.11) and > 10 years in the US (RRadj. 1.85, 95%CI 1.69–2.03) had higher risk of GDM. Results were consistent for all racial/ethnic groups, although associations were not significant at 0–5 years. FB women had lower risk of other adverse pregnancy outcomes, except for preeclampsia with severe features at higher levels of acculturation. Results were similar among those with and without GDM. In conclusion, FB status increases risk of GDM among all racial/ethnic groups but is elevated with higher acculturation levels.
HUBO and QUBO models for prime factorization
Authors: Jun Kyungtaek , Lee Hyunju
Published: June 2023

The security of the RSA cryptosystem is based on the difficulty of factoring a large number N into prime numbers $$p$$
p
and $$q$$
q
satisfying $$N=p\times q$$

N
=
p
×
q

. This paper presents a prime factorization method using a D-Wave quantum computer that could threaten the RSA cryptosystem in the future. The starting point for this method is very simple, representing two prime numbers as qubits. Then, we set the difference between the product of the two prime numbers expressed in qubits and N as a cost function, and we find the solution when the cost function is minimized. D-Wave's quantum annealer can find the minimum value of any quadratic problem. However, the cost function must be a higher-order unconstrained optimization (HUBO) model because it contains second- or higher-order terms. We used a hybrid solver accessible via Leap, D-Wave’s real-time quantum cloud service, and the dimod package provided by the D-Wave Ocean software development kit (SDK) to solve the HUBO problem. We also successfully factorized 102,454,763 with 26 logical qubits. In addition, we factorized 1,000,070,001,221 using the range-dependent Hamiltonian algorithm.
Green-adapted spectrophotometric determination of fostemsavir based on selective bromophenol blue extraction; reduction of hazardous consumption using computational calculations
Authors: Batubara Afnan S. , Ainousah Bayan E. , Gamal Mohammed , Almrasy Ahmed A. , Ramzy Sherif , Ghoneim Mohammed M. , Abdelazim Ahmed H.
Published: June 2023

A computationally-assisted and green spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of fostemsavir, a recently FDA-approved drug used in combination with antiretroviral drugs to treat multidrug-resistant HIV-1 infection. The method was developed using computational studies and solvent selection based on green chemistry principles. The density functional theory method was employed to identify bromophenol blue as the preferred acid dye for efficient extraction of fostemsavir. The solvent selection process involved a careful evaluation of the green ranking of solvents, which led to the use of water as the solvent. The method involved the extraction of fostemsavir with bromophenol blue to form a yellow ion-pair complex, which exhibited maximally sharp peaks at 418 nm, enabling sensitive visible spectrophotometric determination of fostemsavir in bulk and pharmaceutical preparations. The extraction procedures were optimized, and the method was demonstrated to be sensitive over the concentration range of 2–12 μg/mL fostemsavir. Furthermore, the method was evaluated with respect to green chemistry principles using the analytical eco-scale, the green analytical method index, and analytical greenness metric approach, all of which confirmed that the data obtained by the proposed method were environmentally acceptable.
Application of systems biology to identify pharmacological mechanisms of thrombotic microangiopathy evoked by combined activated prothrombin complex concentrate and emicizumab
Authors: Valls Raquel , Wagg Jonathan , Paz-Priel Ido , Man Gabriel , Artigas Laura , Jaccard Georges , Coma Mireia , Schmitt Christophe
Published: June 2023

Emicizumab is a bispecific monoclonal antibody that substitutes for the function of missing or deficient factor VIII (FVIII) in people with hemophilia A (PwHA). Long-term safety and efficacy of emicizumab have been demonstrated in several clinical trials. Nevertheless, in the first of these, three cases of thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) occurred in PwHA treated with emicizumab receiving high doses of activated prothrombin complex concentrate (aPCC), a bypassing agent used for treating breakthrough bleeds when FVIII neutralizing antibodies (inhibitors) make FVIII replacement ineffective. The aim of the present work is to offer a method to elucidate the pathophysiological and pharmacological mechanisms involved in this treatment-induced TMA. Systems biology and machine learning-based Therapeutic Performance Mapping System is a validated in silico technology that allowed us to construct models of potential mechanisms behind induced TMA. Two drug combinations were modeled and assessed: emicizumab plus aPCC and emicizumab plus recombinant activated factor VII (another bypassing agent). Our models showed that both combinations were related to activation of the coagulation cascade. However, mechanisms involved mainly in platelet activation and possibly in complement activation were detected only for emicizumab plus aPCC, potentially explaining the occurrence of TMA only in this combination.
Self-reported and accelerometer-based assessment of physical activity in older adults: results from the Berlin Aging Study II
Authors: Vetter Valentin Max , Özince Duygu Deniz , Kiselev Jörn , Düzel Sandra , Demuth Ilja
Published: June 2023

Physical activity (PA) has a substantial impact on health and mortality. Besides questionnaires that rely on subjective assessment of activity levels, accelerometers can help to objectify an individual’s PA. In this study, variables estimating PA and sleep time obtained through the wGT3X-BT activity monitor (ActiGraph LLC, USA) in 797 participants of the Berlin Aging Study II (BASE-II) were analyzed. Self-reports of PA and sleep time were recorded with Rapid Assessment of Physical Activity (RAPA) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index sleep questionnaire (PSQI). Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were determined in an accredited standard laboratory. Of all participants, 760 fulfilled the PA wear-time criteria. In this sample mean age was 75.6 years (SD: 3.8 years, range 66.0–94.1 years) and 53% of the included participants were women. Average wear time was 23.2 h/day (SD 1.3 h/day). Statistically significant differences between RAPA groups were found for all accelerometric variables except energy expenditure. Post-hoc analysis, however, suggested low agreement between subjective and device-based assessment of physical activity. TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, fasting glucose and HbA1c were weakly correlated with accelerometric variables (Pearson’s r ≤ 0.25). Device-based average sleep time per night (mean sleep time = 6.91 h, SD = 1.3, n = 720) and self-reported average sleep time per night (mean sleep time = 7.1 h, SD = 1.15 h, n = 410) were in a comparable range and moderately correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.31, p < 0.001, n = 410). Results from this study suggest that self-reported PA obtained through the RAPA and device-based measures assessed by accelerometers are partially inconsistent in terms of the physical activity level of the participants. Self-reported and device-based measures of average sleep time per night, however, were comparable.
Robust statistical properties of T1 transitions in a multi-phase field model of cell monolayers
Authors: Jain Harish P , Voigt Axel , Angheluta Luiza
Published: June 2023

Large-scale tissue deformation which is fundamental to tissue development hinges on local cellular rearrangements, such as T1 transitions. In the realm of the multi-phase field model, we analyse the statistical and dynamical properties of T1 transitions in a confluent monolayer. We identify an energy profile that is robust to changes in several model parameters. It is characterized by an asymmetric profile with a fast increase in energy before the T1 transition and a sudden drop after the T1 transition, followed by a slow relaxation. The latter being a signature of the fluidity of the cell monolayer. We show that T1 transitions are sources of localised large deformation of the cells undergoing the neighbour exchange, and they induce other T1 transitions in the nearby cells leading to a chaining of events that propagate local cell deformation to large scale tissue flows.
Modifying Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer by approach avoidance training in healthy subjects: a proof of concept study
Authors: Rosenthal Annika , Chen Ke , Beck Anne , Romanczuk-Seiferth Nina
Published: June 2023

The modulation of instrumental action by conditioned Pavlovian cues is hypothesized to play a role in the emergence and maintenance of maladaptive behavior. The Pavlovian to Instrumental transfer task (PIT) is designed to examine the magnitude of the influence of cues on behavior and we aim to manipulate the motivational value of Pavlovian cues to reduce their effect on instrumental responding. To this end, we utilized a joystick-based modification of approach and avoidance propensities that has shown success in clinical populations. To examine changes in PIT, we subjected 35 healthy participants to a series of experimental procedures: (1) Instrumental training was followed by (2) Pavlovian conditioning of neutral stimuli that were associated with monetary reward or loss. (3) In a subsequent joystick task, approach and avoidance tendencies toward conditioned cues were assessed. (4) In a transfer test, the PIT effect as the impact of conditioned cues on instrumental behavior was measured. (5) The explicit knowledge of cue-reward contingencies was assessed in a forced-choice phase. (6, 7) systematic joystick training was followed by a posttest (8) the transfer task and forced-choice test were repeated. We found no effect of training on approach-avoidance propensities in the context of this proof of concept study. A higher response rate towards negative stimuli during PIT after systematic training compared to sham training was seen. On the other hand, we saw an increased PIT effect after sham training. These results contribute to the understanding of the strength of the influence of cues on instrumental behavior. Our findings further stress the importance of context, instructions and operationalization of instrumental behavior in the framework of transfer effects.
Serological and clinical associations of autoantibodies in Chinese patients with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus
Authors: Gong Muxue , Dai Li , Xie Zhuobei , Hong Dengxiao , Li Ning , Fan Xiaoyun , Xie Changhao
Published: June 2023

To study the clinical significance of autoantibodies in Chinese patients with new-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), we enrolled 526 new-onset patients who met the 1997 Updated American College of Rheumatology SLE Classification Criteria for a retrospective cohort study. Chi-square test and Wilcoxon rank-sum test were used to detect the relationship of autoantibodies with clinical manifestations and serological results respectively. Our results demonstrated that the positive rate of anti-ribosomal P protein (anti-P) antibody in female patients was higher than that in male patients (41.2% vs. 22%, P = 0.008). Patients with anti-SSB (43.95 ± 73.12 vs. 40.92 ± 75.75, P = 0.004; 63.93 ± 103.56 vs. 55.06 ± 120.84, P = 0.008 respectively) antibodies had higher levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), whereas those with anti-P antibody (28.90 ± 25.70 vs. 50.08 ± 93.00, P = 0.014; 38.51 ± 48.19 vs. 69.95 ± 142.67, P = 0.047, respectively) had lower levels of them. Anti-dsDNA antibody (P = 0.021) was associated with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). The patients with anti-Ro60 (P = 0.044), anti-P (P = 0.012) and anti-dsDNA (P = 0.013) antibodies were less likely to develop Interstitial lung disease. Anti-SmRNP antibody was correlated to lower prevalence of neuropsychiatric symptoms (P = 0.037), and patients with anti-centromere antibody (ACA) were more likely to develop serositis (P = 0.016).We identified five clusters of SLE-related autoantibodies, confirmed previously reported associations of autoantibodies, and discovered new associations.
Axial compression performance of square concrete filled double skin SHS steel tubular columns confined by CFRP
Authors: Wang Caisen , Liang Jiongfeng , Li Wei , He Chunfeng
Published: June 2023

This paper focuses on the axial compression performance of 15 concrete-filled double skinned tubes CFDST columns with different CFRP reinforcement schemes. The design of this test used an outer square steel tube with a square steel tube inside, with concrete poured at the sandwich and the inner steel tube kept hollow. The structure is both cost effective and allows the hollow to be used for utility access. However, in recent years damage to CFDST has occurred due to fire, earthquakes, corrosion etc. Therefore, research into the reinforcement and repair of this structure is crucial. Compared to other reinforcement methods, FRP has the advantage of being lighter and more robust and does not significantly alter the original structure. In this study, the mechanical properties of the specimens were further analyzed from the data of load displacement, peak load and ultimate displacement by mainly observing and analyzing the damage mechanism of the specimens through the strengthening effect of different strengthening schemes for different hollow ratios. The results show that when the hollow ratio is not bigger than 0.33, the CFRP reinforcement effect is relatively obvious, especially the three-layer CFRP wrapped CFDST specimens have a substantial increase in bearing capacity and stiffness. Finally, an analytical study was carried out based on previous research and the experimental results agreed well with the calculated results.
Neutron resonance absorption imaging of simulated high-level radioactive waste in borosilicate glass
Authors: Oba Y. , Motokawa R. , Kaneko K. , Nagai T. , Tsuchikawa Y. , Shinohara T. , Parker J. D. , Okamoto Y.
Published: June 2023

We performed a preliminary study of neutron resonance absorption imaging to investigate the spatial distribution of constituent elements in borosilicate glasses containing simulated high-level radioactive waste, in which elemental inhomogeneities affect the physical and chemical stabilities of the glass. Dips generated by the resonance absorptions of Rh, Pd, Na, Gd, Cs, and Sm were observed in the neutron transmission spectra of the glass samples. The spatial distributions of these elements were obtained from the neutron transmission images at the resonance energies. The distributions of Rh and Pd visualized the sedimentation of these platinum group elements. In contrast, the lanthanides (Gd and Sm) and Cs were uniformly dispersed. These results show that neutron resonance absorption imaging is a promising tool for characterizing borosilicate glasses and investigating the vitrification mechanism of high-level radioactive waste.
The effect of the combined system of hydrodynamic cavitation, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide on chlorophyll a and organic substances removal in the raw water
Authors: Shokoohi Reza , Rahmani Alireza , Asgari Ghorban , Ashrafi Maysam , Ghahramani Esmaeil
Published: June 2023

Increased levels of nutrients and algae can cause drinking water problems in communities. Harmful algal blooms affect humans, fish, marine mammals, birds, and other animals. In the present study, we investigated the use of a combined system [Hydrodynamic Cavitation, Ozone (O3), and Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2)] on the removal of Chlorophyll a and Organic substances in the raw water was investigated. The Effect of different operating conditions such as pH, cavitation time, pressure, distance, flow rate, ozone dose, and hydrogen peroxide concentration was studied. Utilizing the Taguchi design method, experiments were planned and optimized. The combined system treatment yielded a maximum reduction in Chlorophyll a and Total Organic Carbon (TOC) at an optimum condition of pH 5, cavitation pressure 5 bar, flow rate of 1 m3/h, a distance of 25 cm from the orifice plate, O3 3 g/h and 2 g/l of H2O2 concentrations. The most efficient factor in the degradation of TOC and Chlorophyll a, was cavitation pressure based on the percentage contributions of each parameter (38.64 percent and 35.05 percent, respectively). H2O2 was found to have the most negligible impact on degradation efficiency (4.24 percent and 4.11 percent, respectively).
A prediction model for childhood obesity risk using the machine learning method: a panel study on Korean children
Authors: Lim Heemoon , Lee Hyejung , Kim Joungyoun
Published: June 2023

Young children are increasingly exposed to an obesogenic environment through increased intake of processed food and decreased physical activity. Mothers’ perceptions of obesity and parenting styles influence children’s abilities to maintain a healthy weight. This study developed a prediction model for childhood obesity in 10-year-olds, and identify relevant risk factors using a machine learning method. Data on 1185 children and their mothers were obtained from the Korean National Panel Study. A prediction model for obesity was developed based on ten factors related to children (gender, eating habits, activity, and previous body mass index) and their mothers (education level, self-esteem, and body mass index). These factors were selected based on the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator. The prediction model was validated with an Area Under the Receiver Operator Characteristic Curve of 0.82 and an accuracy of 76%. Other than body mass index for both children and mothers, significant risk factors for childhood obesity were less physical activity among children and higher self-esteem among mothers. This study adds new evidence demonstrating that maternal self-esteem is related to children’s body mass index. Future studies are needed to develop effective strategies for screening young children at risk for obesity, along with their mothers.
Parahydrogen-induced polarization enables the single-scan NMR detection of a 236 kDa biopolymer at nanomolar concentrations
Authors: Theiss Franziska , Wienands Laura , Lins Jonas , Alcaraz-Janßen Marcel , Thiele Christina M. , Buntkowsky Gerd
Published: June 2023

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments utilizing parahydrogen-induced polarization (PHIP) were performed to elucidate the PHIP activity of the synthetic 236 kDa biopolymer poly-γ-(4-propargyloxy)-benzyl-L-glutamate) (PPOBLG). The homopolypeptide was successfully hyperpolarized and the enhanced signals were detected in 11.7 T solution NMR as a function of the PPOBLG concentration. The hydrogenation with parahydrogen caused signal enhancements of 800 and more for the vinyl protons of the side chain at low substrate concentration. As a result of this high enhancement factor, even at 13 nM of PPOBLG, a single scan 1H-NMR detection of the hyperpolarized protons was possible, owing to the combination of hyperpolarization and density of PHIP active sites.
A novel Rickettsia, Candidatus Rickettsia takensis, and the first record of Candidatus Rickettsia laoensis in Dermacentor from Northwestern Thailand
Authors: Chaloemthanetphong Aummarin , Ahantarig Arunee , Apanaskevich Dmitry A. , Hirunkanokpun Supanee , Baimai Visut , Trinachartvanit Wachareeporn
Published: June 2023

Three hundred and forty-four tick samples were collected from vegetation at Taksin Maharat National Park, Tak province, northwestern Thailand. They were morphologically identified and molecularly confirmed by 16S rRNA and COI genes as Dermacentor laothaiensis (n = 105), D. steini (n = 139), and D. auratus (n = 100). These ticks were examined for the spotted fever group rickettsiae (SFGRs) using PCR and DNA sequencing of six genes; 17-kDa, gltA, 16S rRNA, ompA, ompB, and sca4. Of these ticks, 6.10% (21/344) gave positive results for the presence of SFGRs. Phylogenetic analyses of the SFGRs clearly indicated that a novel genotype assigned as Candidatus Rickettsia takensis was detected in D. laothaiensis (19/105) and at lesser frequency in D. steini (1/139). Furthermore, Candidatus Rickettsia laoensis was also found at a low frequency in D. auratus (1/100), the first record in Thailand. Although, the pathogenicities of these SFGRs remain unknown, our findings suggest potential risks of SFGRs being transmitted via ticks near the border between Thailand and Myanmar, a gateway of daily migrations of local people and visitors both legal and illegal.
Computational intelligence modeling of hyoscine drug solubility and solvent density in supercritical processing: gradient boosting, extra trees, and random forest models
Authors: Ghazwani Mohammed , Begum M. Yasmin
Published: June 2023

This work presents the results of using tree-based models, including Gradient Boosting, Extra Trees, and Random Forest, to model the solubility of hyoscine drug and solvent density based on pressure and temperature as inputs. The models were trained on a dataset of hyoscine drug with known solubility and density values, optimized with WCA algorithm, and their accuracy was evaluated using R2, MSE, MAPE, and Max Error metrics. The results showed that Gradient Boosting and Extra Trees models had high accuracy, with R2 values above 0.96 and low MAPE and Max Error values for both solubility and density output. The Random Forest model was less accurate than the other two models. These findings demonstrate the effectiveness of tree-based models for predicting the solubility and density of chemical compounds and have potential applications in determination of drug solubility prior to process design by correlation of solubility and density to input parameters including pressure and temperature.
Effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis on vaginal radiotherapy for gynecological cancer
Authors: Bi Zhichao , Wang Qi , Yang Tiancizhuo , Liu Yinhui , Yuan Jieli , Li Longjie , Guo Yanjie
Published: June 2023

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis (L.del) on vaginal microbiota (VM) dysbiosis and vaginal radiation injury in gynecologic cancer patients. The inhibitory effects of L.del on cervical cancer cells were also studied in vitro. Gynecologic cancer patients receiving radiotherapy were randomized into control and L.del intervention groups. The control group received radiotherapy, while the intervention group received radiotherapy and L.del intervention (1 capsule/day placed into the deep vagina from the first day of radiotherapy until the end of treatment). Vaginal swab samples were collected on the first day pre-treatment and the last day post-treatment. DNA from 54 patients was extracted and assessed by the 16S rRNA sequencing method. Radiotherapy resulted in vaginal microbiome dysbiosis characterized by increased phylogenetic diversity and increased abundance of Brevundimonas, Streptococcus and Prevotella, but a decreased abundance of Lactobacillus. Level 2 vaginal radiation injury was positively associated with the abundance of Brevundimonas and gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria. Administration of L.del attenuated the reduction of Lactobacillus while also inhibiting the abundance of Streptococcus and Prevotella, thereby ameliorating radiotherapy-related vaginal microbiota dysbiosis. CLD inhibited the in vitro proliferation of SiHa cells by altering the expression of BCL2, HPV16-E6, HPV16-E7, IL6, MAP7, BAX, Caspase-3, Caspase-9 and LTF. In conclusion, L. del application can alleviate radiation-induced vaginal dysbiosis and restore Lactobacillus dominance of the vaginal microbiome. Moreover, CLD was found to inhibit cell growth and promote the apoptosis of SiHa cells in vitro. The registration number for this clinical trial is ChiCTR1900021784.
Pasteurization of human milk affects the miRNA cargo of EVs decreasing its immunomodulatory activity
Authors: Torrez Lamberti Monica F. , Parker Leslie A. , Gonzalez Claudio F. , Lorca Graciela L.
Published: June 2023

In this report, we evaluated the effect of the pasteurization (P) process of mother’s own milk (MOM) on the miRNA content of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and its impact on innate immune responses. Differences in size or particle number were not observed upon pasteurization of MOM (PMOM). However, significant differences were observed in the EV membrane marker CD63 and miRNA profiles. miRNA sequencing identified 33 differentially enriched miRNAs between MOMEV and PMOMEV. These changes correlated with significant decreases in the ability of PMOMEV to modulate IL-8 secretion in intestinal Caco2 cells where only MOMEV were able to decrease IL-8 secretion in presence of TNFα. While EVs from MOMEV and PMOMEV were both able to induce a tolerogenic M2-like phenotype in THP-1 macrophages, a significant decrease in the transcript levels of IL-10 and RNA sensing genes was observed with PMOMEV. Together, our data indicates that pasteurization of MOM impacts the integrity and functionality of MOMEV, decreasing its EVs-mediated immunomodulatory activity. This data provides biomarkers that may be utilized during the optimization of milk processing to preserve its bioactivity.
Cuckoo search algorithm based on cloud model and its application
Authors: Xiong Yan , Zou Ziming , Cheng Jiatang
Published: June 2023

Cuckoo search algorithm is an efficient random search method for numerical optimization. However, it is very sensitive to the setting of the step size factor. To address this issue, a new cuckoo search algorithm based on cloud model is developed to dynamically configure the step size factor. More specifically, the idea of giving consideration to both fuzziness and randomness of cloud model is innovatively introduced into cuckoo search algorithm, and the appropriate step size factor can be determined according to the membership degree and an exponential function, so as to realize the adaptive adjustment of the control parameter. After that, simulation experiments are conducted on 25 benchmark functions with different dimensions and two chaotic time series prediction problems to comprehensively evaluate the superiority of the proposed algorithm. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed method is more competitive than the other five CS and several non-CS algorithms.
Transformation of bimetallic Ag–Cu thin films into plasmonically active composite nanostructures
Authors: Łapiński Marcin , Kozioł Robert , Skubida Wojciech , Winiarz Piotr , Mahjoub Yahia Elhassan Rowa , Sadowski Wojciech , Kościelska Barbara
Published: June 2023

Formation of plasmonically active silver, copper and composite silver-copper nanostructures were studied in this paper. Metallic nanostructures were fabricated by thermal disintegration, so called dewetting, of the thin films in an argon atmosphere. The formation process of the nanostructures was in-situ observed by a novel method, based on resistance measurements. The influence of the material and thickness of the initial thin film on temperature of their disintegration was investigated. Electrical measurements were validated by scanning electron microscopy observations, while metallic the behavior of nanostructures was studied by XPS method. The formation of silver-copper nanocomposite structures was confirmed by UV–vis spectroscopy. Plasmon resonance with two characteristic peaks for nanocomposite structures was observed.
Rating analysis and BERTopic modeling of consumer versus regulated mHealth app reviews in Germany
Authors: Uncovska Marie , Freitag Bettina , Meister Sven , Fehring Leonard
Published: June 2023

Germany introduced prescription-based mobile health (mHealth) apps in October 2020, becoming the first country to offer them fully reimbursed by health insurance. These regulated apps, known as DiGAs, undergo a rigorous approval process similar to pharmaceuticals, including data protection measures and sometimes clinical trials. This study compares the user experience of DiGAs with non-prescription mHealth apps in Germany, analyzing both average app store ratings and written reviews. Our study pioneers the use of BERTopic for sentiment analysis and topic modeling in the mHealth research domain. The dataset comprises 15 DiGAs and 50 comparable apps, totaling 17,588 German-language reviews. Results reveal that DiGAs receive higher contemporary ratings than non-regulated apps (Android: 3.82 vs. 3.77; iOS: 3.78 vs. 3.53; p < 0.01; non-parametric Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon test). Key factors contributing to positive user experience with DiGAs are customer service and personalization (15%) and ease of use (13%). However, challenges for DiGAs include software bugs (24%) and a cumbersome registration process (20%). Negative user reviews highlight concerns about therapy effectiveness (11%). Excessive pricing is the main concern for the non-regulated group (27%). Data privacy and security receive limited attention from users (DiGAs: 0.5%; comparators: 2%). In conclusion, DiGAs are generally perceived positively based on ratings and sentiment analysis of reviews. However, addressing pricing concerns in the non-regulated mHealth sector is crucial. Integrating user experience evaluation into the review process could improve adherence and health outcomes.
On the problem of cobalt chloride-based catalysts in the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis
Authors: Einemann Madita , Haida Simon , Fischer Nico , Osakoo Nattawut , Wittayakun Jatuporn , Roessner Frank
Published: June 2023

The reactor geometry of in situ methods is crucial for the cobalt species formed.
Cr(vi) permanently binds to the lipid bilayer in an inverted hexagonal phase throughout the reduction process
Authors: Nowakowski Michal , Wiśniewska-Becker Anna , Czapla-Masztafiak Joanna , Szlachetko Jakub , Budziak Andrzej , Polańska Żaneta , Pietralik-Molińska Zuzanna , Kozak Maciej , Kwiatek Wojciech M.
Published: June 2023

CrVI is reduced and permanently bonded to unsaturated lipids as CrIII in the inverted HII phase. The reaction has a radical character because of CrV and can lead to the accumulation of chromium in cellular membranes.
Electronic structure modulation of Pdn (n = 2–5) nanoclusters in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde
Authors: Tang Jie , Ge Tingting , Wang Wenxuan , Liu Chao , Huang Jiahui
Published: June 2023

The electronic structure of precisely atomic Pdn/C (n = 2–5) has dominant catalytic performance in the hydrogenation of cinnamaldehyde.
Enhanced adsorption of oxygen species on c/h-In2O3 Z-scheme heterophase junctions for oxygen-mediated photocatalytic hydrogen production
Authors: Peng Zhengxin , Du Xiangbowen , Lu Nan , Sui Jing , Zhang Xiaofan , Li Renhong , Yan Xiaoqing
Published: June 2023

The mechanism of hydrogen production by c/h-In2O3 heterophase junction photocatalytic reforming of formaldehyde.
Validation of the Cossee–Arlman mechanism for propylene oligomerization on Ni/UiO-66
Authors: Yeh Benjamin , Chheda Saumil , Zheng Jian , Schmid Julian , Löbbert Laura , Bermejo-Deval Ricardo , Gutiérrez Oliver Y. , Lercher Johannes A. , Gagliardi Laura , Bhan Aditya
Published: June 2023

Steady state rate expressions can be derived to distinguish the Cossee–Arlman and metallacycle mechanisms postulated for propylene oligomerization on nickel-based catalysts based on product selectivities.
Removal of organophosphorus agents via atomically dispersed Co on nitrogen-doped graphene: catalytic degradation and adsorption
Authors: Li Yanfang , Zhang Jiali , Lei Puyi , Guo Shouwu
Published: June 2023

Atomically dispersed Co on three-dimensional networks of nitrogen-doped graphene exhibited excellent catalytic activity and adsorption capacity for the removal of organophosphorus agents.
Controlling product selectivity in oxidative desulfurization using an electrodeposited iron oxide film
Authors: Kompanijec Victoria , Repa Gil M. , Fredin Lisa A. , Swierk John R.
Published: June 2023

An electrodeposited iron oxide shows better activity than gold electrodes and unexpected selectivity for electrochemical oxidative desulfurization of sulfur-containing compounds present in raw fuel oils.
Energy storage and water splitting applications of self-grown Na2O–NiCl2 upright standing nanoplates: a process of 3D nickel surface modification using seawater
Authors: Sukhmani Sukhvinder Kaur , Mane Rajaram S. , Siddiqui Tabassum A. J. , Shaikh Shoyebmohamad F. , Hussain Sajjad
Published: June 2023

The recent trend in research fosters the use of abundant seawater for modifying metal surfaces as electrode materials for energy generation, storage, transport, and water-splitting technologies.
Oxidative dissolution mechanism of both undoped and Gd2O3-doped UO2(s) at alkaline to hyperalkaline pH
Authors: García-Gómez Sonia , Giménez Javier , Casas Ignasi , Llorca Jordi , De Pablo Joan
Published: June 2023

UO2 and UO2-Gd2O3 dissolution rates were determined at high pH and fitted according to an oxidative dissolution model. XPS analysis confirmed the Gd effect to retard UO2 oxidation.
Selenium-containing soybean peptides ameliorate intestinal inflammation and modulate gut microbiota dysbacteriosis in DSS-induced ulcerative colitis mice
Authors: Zhao Mengge , Xia Pengkui , Zhang Xing , He Hui , Hou Tao
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this study was to explore the protective effects of selenium containing soybean peptides (SePPs) on inflammatory bowel disease in colitis mice.
Development of a thermochromic lateral flow assay to improve sensitivity for dengue virus serotype 2 NS1 detection
Authors: Trakoolwilaiwan Thithawat , Takeuchi Yasuhiro , Leung Terence S. , Sebek Matej , Storozhuk Liudmyla , Nguyen Linh , Tung Le Duc , Thanh Nguyen Thi Kim
Published: June 2023

Thermochromic lateral flow assay is developed to detect recombinant dengue virus serotype 2 NS1 (DENV2-NS1) from solution. It shows significant improvement in limit of detection (1.56 ng mL−1) compared with a typical lateral flow assay (6.25 ng mL−1).
Coexistence of Au single atoms and Au nanoparticles on NiAl-LDH for selective electrooxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde
Authors: Song Ziheng , Shen Tianyang , Hu Yihang , Liu Guihao , Bai Sha , Sun Xiaoliang , Xu Si-Min , Song Yu-Fei
Published: June 2023

We report the coexistence of Au SAs and Au NPs on NiAl-LDH (Au1+n-NiAl-LDH) with the Au NPs (∼5 nm) surrounded by abundant Au SAs. For BAOR, the Au NPs can offer adsorption sites for BA and the Au SAs can promote the dehydrogenation process.
Chemoenzymatic synthesis of (+)-isoagatholactone, (+)-spongian-16-one, and 3-deoxychavalone A via biocatalytic polyene cyclization
Authors: Xiao Wen , Wang Su-Jing , Yu Ming-Zhu , Zhang Xue-Jie , Xiang Zheng
Published: June 2023

Spongiane diterpenoids (+)-isoagatholactone and (+)-spongian-16-one, and meroterpenoid 3-deoxychavalone A were synthesized via a chemoenzymatic approach by harnessing the catalytic promiscuity of squalene-hopene cyclase.
Facile synthesis of a MOF-derived Co–N–C nanostructure as a bi-functional oxygen electrocatalyst for rechargeable Zn–air batteries
Authors: Luo Xinlei , Zheng Ziheng , Hou Bingxue , Xie Xianpan , Wang Cheng Cheng
Published: June 2023

A catalyst obtained from the pyrolysis of a Co/Fe/Zn zeolitic imidazolite framework was prepared as ORR and OER electrocatalyst. A rechargeable Zn–air battery equipped with a Co–N–C-900 electrocatalyst shows power density of 275 mW cm−2 and good cycling stability for 180 h.
Oxygen functionalized InSe and TlTe two-dimensional materials: transition from tunable bandgap semiconductors to quantum spin Hall insulators
Authors: Lu Qing , Li Lin , Luo Shilin , Wang Yue , Wang Busheng , Liu Fu-Ti
Published: June 2023

By adsorbing O atoms simultaneously on Se or Te atoms at both ends, we can study the properties of InSe and TlTe with different concentrations of oxygen coverage.
Efficient enzymatic synthesis of chiral 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxane motif using engineered Candida antarctica lipase B
Authors: Wu Zhiyun , Shi Weifeng , Jin Ming , Zhou Wei
Published: June 2023

A study of the enzymatic synthesis of a chiral 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxane motif using engineered Candida antarctica lipase B with a novel method based on covariant amino acids.
Carbon black supported Ag nanoparticles in zero-gap CO2 electrolysis to CO enabling high mass activity
Authors: Seteiz Khaled , Häberlein Josephine N. , Heizmann Philipp A. , Disch Joey , Vierrath Severin
Published: June 2023

In this study Ag nanoparticles supported on carbon black (Ag/C) were studied as catalysts for the electrochemical reduction of CO2 to CO.
A highly enantioselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition yields novel pseudo-natural product inhibitors of the Hedgehog signalling pathway
Authors: Liu Jie , Zhang Ruirui , Mallick Shubhadip , Patil Sohan , Wientjens Chantal , Flegel Jana , Krupp Anna , Strohmann Carsten , Grassin Corentin , Merten Christian , Pahl Axel , Grigalunas Michael , Waldmann Herbert
Published: June 2023

Synthesis of pyrrolo[3,2-c]quinoline pseudo-natural products by means of a highly enantioselective intramolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition yielded a novel Hedgehog signalling inhibitor chemotype that targets the Smoothened protein.
Segregation of fluids with polymer additives at domain interfaces: a dissipative particle dynamics study
Authors: Gogoi Dorothy , Chauhan Avinash , Puri Sanjay , Singh Awaneesh
Published: June 2023

Segregation kinetics of ternary mixture where one polymeric component segregates at the interface of simple fluids, forming polymer-coated morphologies as the system evolves.
High solar-to-hydrogen efficiency in the novel derivatives of group-III trichalcogenides for photocatalytic water splitting: the effect of elemental composition
Authors: Ma Hao , Zhao Wen , Yuan Saifei , Ren Hao , Zhu Houyu , Chi Yuhua , Guo Wenyue
Published: June 2023

This work offers a potential method for developing brand-new, highly effective photocatalysts for water splitting via tuning chemical composition based on available parent M2X3 materials.
Role of the energy offset in the charge photogeneration and voltage loss of nonfullerene acceptor-based organic solar cells
Authors: Tamai Yasunari , Shirouchi Rei , Saito Toshiharu , Kohzuki Kazuki , Natsuda Shin-ichiro
Published: June 2023

The quantum yield of long-range spatial dissociation of electron–hole pairs decreased with a decrease in the energy offset between the excited and charge-transfer states, leading to a threshold that can ensure high charge photogeneration efficiency.
Atomically mixed catalysts on a 3D thin-shell TiO2 for dual-modal chemical detection and neutralization
Authors: Shin Joonchul , Lee Geonhee , Choi Myungwoo , Jang Huiwon , Lim Yunsung , Kim Gwang-Su , Nam Sang-Hyeon , Baek Seung-Hyub , Song Hyun-Cheol , Kim Jihan , Kang Chong-Yun , Lee Jeong-O. , Jeon Seokwoo , Cho Donghwi , Jang Ji-Soo
Published: June 2023

Herein, an ultrafast flash lamp-driven photothermal design strategy delivers optimal atomically mixed catalysts on a 3D nanostructured metal oxide system. The photocatalytic activity demonstrates selective chemical detection at room temperature and environmental remediation.
Dynamic compensation of MnOOH to mitigate the irregular dissolution of MnO2in rechargeable aqueous Zn/MnO2batteries
Authors: Lai Guojun , Ruan Pengchao , Hu Xueting , Lu Bingan , Liang Shuqiang , Tang Yan , Zhou Jiang
Published: June 2023

Ce(SO4)2was introduced as an electrolyte additive for aqueous zinc batteries. The MnOOH generatedin situin the electrolyte was deposited on MnO2cathodes and compensated for the influence of disproportionation.
Glycoside hydrolases from (hyper)thermophilic archaea: structure, function, and applications
Authors: Iacono Roberta , De Lise Federica , Moracci Marco , Cobucci-Ponzano Beatrice , Strazzulli Andrea
Published: June 2023

(Hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds to break down complex sugars and polysaccharides at high temperatures. These enzymes have an unique structure that allows them to remain stable and functional in extreme environments such as hot springs and hydrothermal vents. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge and milestones on the structures and functions of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases and their potential applications in various fields. In particular, this review focuses on the structural characteristics of these enzymes and how these features relate to their catalytic activity by discussing different types of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases, including β-glucosidases, chitinase, cellulases and α-amylases, describing their molecular structures, active sites, and mechanisms of action, including their role in the hydrolysis of carbohydrates. By providing a comprehensive overview of (hyper)thermophilic archaeal glycosidases, this review aims to stimulate further research into these fascinating enzymes.
Speech Naturalness in the Assessment of Childhood Dysarthria
Authors: Schölderle Theresa , Haas Elisabet , Ziegler Wolfram
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

This study investigated perceived speech naturalness estimated by adult listeners in typically developing children and children with dysarthria. We aimed to identify predictors of naturalness among auditory-perceptual parameters and to evaluate the concept of naturalness as a clinical marker of childhood dysarthria.

Method:

In a listening experiment, naive adult listeners rated speech naturalness of 144 typically developing children (3–9 years old) and 28 children with neurological conditions (5–9 years old) on a visual analog scale. Speech samples were recorded using the materials of the Bogenhausen Dysarthria Scales–Childhood Dysarthria, which also provides for auditory-perceptual judgments covering all speech subsystems.

Results:

Children with dysarthria obtained significantly lower naturalness ratings compared to typically developing children. However, there was a substantial age effect observable in the typically developing children; that is, younger typically developing children were also perceived as somewhat unnatural. The ratings of the typically developing children were influenced by the occurrence of developmental speech features; for the children with neurological conditions, specific symptoms of dysarthria had an additional effect. In both groups, the perception of naturalness was predominantly determined by the children's articulation and intelligibility.

Conclusions:

Both symptoms of childhood dysarthria and developmental speech features (e.g., regarding articulation and intelligibility) were associated to some extent with unnatural speech by the listeners. Thus, perceived speech naturalness appears less suitable as a marker of dysarthria in children than in adults.
Classroom Acoustics for Enhancing Students' Understanding When a Teacher Suffers From a Dysphonic Voice
Authors: Bottalico Pasquale , Murgia Silvia , Mekus Taylor , Flaherty Mary
Published: June 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this project is to assess the acoustical conditions in which optimal intelligibility and low listening difficulty can be achieved in real classrooms for elementary students, taking into consideration the effects of dysphonic voice and typical classroom noise.

Method:

Speech intelligibility tests were performed in six elementary classrooms with 80 normal-hearing students aged 7–11 years. The speech material was produced by a female actor using a normal voice quality and simulating a dysphonic voice. The stimuli were played by a Head and Torso Simulator. Child babble noise and classrooms with different reverberation times were used to obtain a Speech Transmission Index (STI) range from 0.2 to 0.7, corresponding to the categories bad, poor, fair, and good.

Results:

The results showed a statistically significant decrease in intelligibility when the speaker was dysphonic, in STI higher than 0.33. The rating of listening difficulty showed a significantly greater difficulty in perceiving the dysphonic voice. In addition, younger children showed poorer performance and greater listening difficulty compared with older children when listening to the normal voice quality. Both groups were equally impacted when the voice was dysphonic.

Conclusions:

The results suggested that better acoustic conditions are needed for children to reach a good level of intelligibility and to reduce listening difficulty if the teacher is suffering from voice problems. This was true for children regardless of grade level, highlighting the importance of ensuring more favorable acoustic conditions for children throughout all elementary schools.

Supplemental Material:

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.23504487
Underwater image enhancement via a channel‐wise transmission estimation network
Authors: Wang Qiang , Fu Bo , Fan Huijie
Published: June 2023

Underwater image enhancement for image processing and underwater robotic vision have recently attracted much academic attention. However, in most existing methods, underwater image enhancement is completed with a simple assumption: the attenuation coefficients are unified across the color channels. This assumption leads to unstable and visually unpleasing enhancement results. Moreover, these methods cannot be successfully applied to explore relatively independent transmissions from multiple color channels with complimentary feature information. To address these challenges, a novel channel‐wise transmission estimation network (CTEN) is proposed, which aims to pioneer the exploration of the transmission difference across the color channels in an underwater scene. Specifically, a color‐specific correction module is proposed to automatically quantify the transmission ability of multiple color channels in the underwater environment. Furthermore, a channel‐wise transmission estimation module is designed to simultaneously explore the relative independence of multi‐color channels and estimate the medium transmissions for each color channel, which represents the attenuation degree of different color radiances after reflecting in the water. Then, a novel residual strategy is introduced to integrate these two modules to complete the underwater enhancement. Using the model, the authors are able to provide an answer as to why channel‐wise transmission estimation are better than single transmission estimation and establish a generalization theory to show the effect of the independent transmission estimation model for each color channel. Experiments on several underwater image datasets verify the superiority of the proposed CTEN model.