bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Personal identification system based on multi biometric depending on cuckoo search algorithm
Authors: Younis Ansam Nazar
Published: May 2021

In modern devices, many personal identification systems are used using various biometrics to confirm the identity of an individual and identify him for several purposes. Some of these essential biometrics are used in this paper to help identify a person while attaining social distance because of the widespread epidemics. The features of the face, eyes, nose, and finally, the features of the mouth are used in this article. The work begins by detecting the parts of multibiometric from the input images using Viola-Jones face detection algorithm with a modification to it then segment them. After that, various initial treatment processes begin which helps clarify them to facilitate subsequent operations. Also, a Histogram of oriented gradient method(HOG) is used to extract the significant features of those image segments. The extracted features from these segments are entered into the developed cuckoo search algorithm(DCSA), the best image segment within the used dataset is searched for similar in terms of characteristics to the entered image segment. The work has also been developed so that the system is executed on two cores using parallel processing technology to utilize the processor as much as possible and reduce the time it takes to implement the system and identify the person concerned. A high identification rate has been reached, reaching 99.25%, and overall speed up 1.40323 sec relative to serial execution.
The Prediction of COVID 19 Disease Using Feature Selection Techniques
Authors: Ali Rasha H. , Abdulsalam Wisal Hashim
Published: May 2021

COVID 19 has spread rapidly around the world due to the lack of a suitable vaccine; therefore the early prediction of those infected with this virus is extremely important attempting to control it by quarantining the infected people and giving them possible medical attention to limit its spread. This work suggests a model for predicting the COVID 19 virus using feature selection techniques. The proposed model consists of three stages which include the preprocessing stage, the features selection stage, and the classification stage. This work uses a data set consists of 8571 records, with forty features for patients from different countries. Two feature selection techniques are used in order to select the best features that affect the prediction of the proposed model. These are the Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) as wrapper feature selection and the Extra Tree Classifier (ETC) as embedded feature selection. Two classification methods are applied for classifying the features vectors which include the Naïve Bayesian method and Restricted Boltzmann Machine (RBM) method. The results were 56.181%, 97.906% respectively when classifying all features and 66.329%, 99.924% respectively when classifying the best ten features using features selection techniques.
Air Pollution Monitoring based Fuzzy Controller with Embedded System
Authors: Hasanh Saja Sattar , Miry Abbas Hussein , Salman Tariq M.
Published: May 2021

Air pollution has a wide and great influence on the concentration of constituents of the atmosphere, which leads to many effects such as acid rains and global warming. In order to avoid such unwanted adverse imbalances in the nature, designing an air pollution monitoring system (APMS) is very important. This paper discussed the development of an effective solution for monitoring the air pollution by making an Arduino-Based Air Pollution Monitoring System (APMS). Carbon monoxide and Carbon Dioxide concentration levels in air were measured and monitored using MQ4 and MQ7 gas sensors and Arduino atmega microcontroller. These sensors can detect many harmful gases and can be used for measuring their amount very accurately. The concentrations of CO and CO2 in particle per million (PPM) will be monitored and displayed on the LCD very easily. Based on these measurements the pollution level could be monitored, determined, and displayed. The experiments were carried out using the developed wireless APMS under various physical conditions. The results showed that the designed system collects reliable and reasonable real time pollution data. Three hour sampling time was executed in each location. One of the logical functions that are widely used is fuzzy logic. A fuzzy logic artificial intelligence for gas sensors is used which clarifies the presence as well as the concentration of CO and CO2 efficiently. Fuzzy logic will gives the decision about whether the air is polluted or unpolluted. This logic function we can process some existing data into a form of output which can be in the form of a status or state of action that will be performed by a tool. This proposed system will contribute in the construction of an APMS in the outdoor or even in the indoor environment.
An Improved Data Hiding using Pixel Value Difference Method and Hyperchaotic System
Authors: Fadhel Sameera Abbas , Al-Kateeb Zeena N. , AL-Shamdeen Muna Jaffer
Published: May 2021

The present paper builds a security system to encrypt and hide important text data. The system utilized an AES method to conduct an encryption process, followed by hiding the encrypted data using an improved Pixel Value Difference (PVD) technique. The method works to builds a map to hide data in a non-sequential way by relying on a hyperchaotic system to increase the security level. The system methodology proposed that the data embedding process is in one of the three levels of the colour image (Red, Green, and Blue), where the embedding level will determined based on the coordinates of the PVD pair points that is increase the efficiency of performance. A set of measures was used to measure the quality of steganography where we used MSE, PSNR, SNR, and Corr, and the results are well and satisfactory. The proposed method records the least MSE value with 0.85348784908256, while the Corr values did not decrease about 0.994145776227782. The proposed method also proved successful and effective in retrieving and decoding data, where the BER scale was equal to zero for all retrieved text.
Digital Modulation Classification Based On Chicken Swarm Optimization and J48 Algorithm
Authors: Obeas Zainab Kadhm , Alwaisi Shaimaa Safaa Ahmed , Abd Nadie Kadom
Published: May 2021

Automatic Modulation Recognition (AMR) has a significant impact in the military as well as civil applications. Recognizing the modulation of the received signal has been considered as an intermediate step between the detection and demodulation of the signal. Which is why, in many military and communication systems, the AMR is considered as part of the system. Presently, due to increasing digital modulations in military and civil applications. Digital modulation recognition is especially important. Usually for the AMR a small number of the received signal features are obtained and utilized. The choice of the suitable feature plays an important part in the increase of AMR efficiency. The presented paper indicates hybrid intelligent system for the recognitions of digital signal types, consisting of 3 major modules: classifier module, feature extraction module and J48 Classifier that was used for the first time in our research in the field of classification of modulated signals and optimization module by Chicken Swarm Optimization (CSO). To get better results of the system suggested optimization the features to discard weak or irrelevant features in the system and keep only strong relevant features Chicken Swarm Optimization. The results of simulation confirm the high accuracy of recognition that is related to the suggested system even at low SNR.
Using Chebyshev Polynomials in Solving Diffusion Equations
Authors: Abed Ghuson S
Published: May 2021

In this work, we modified Chebyshev polynomials of the first kind to match the characteristics of a second order differential equation that is a result of a separation of the variable technique used to solve a partial differential diffusion equation. The resultant polynomials solution in one spatial dimension is found and the corresponding changing parameters for the first order differential equation in time are extracted accordingly. The method is tested for applicability, stability, and convergence.
Three Weighted Residuals Methods for Solving the Nonlinear Thin Film Flow Problem
Authors: Mohammed Areej Salah , Al-Jawary Majeed A
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the methods of weighted residuals: Collocation Method (CM), Least Squares Method (LSM) and Galerkin Method (GM) are used to solve the thin film flow (TFF) equation. The weighted residual methods were implemented to get an approximate solution to the TFF equation. The accuracy of the obtained results is checked by calculating the maximum error remainder functions (MER). Moreover, the outcomes were examined in comparison with the 4th-order Runge-Kutta method (RK4) and good agreements have been achieved. All the evaluations have been successfully implemented by using the computer system Mathematica®10.
Some convergence results by using K — iteration process in CAT (H)spaces
Authors: Kadhim Shahla Abd Al-Azeaz
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we study the convergence and Δ —convergence results of K —iteration process for Lipschizian self-mapping with L ≥ 1in CAT (H) spaces, H > 0.
Some Properties of Regular and Normal Space on Topological Graph Space
Authors: Isewid Rasha A , Aziz Nabila I , Yaseen Samer R , Qasem Mahera Rabee
Published: May 2021

The goal of this article is to give the concepts of Regular space and Normal space in the topological graph space also generalize α and β that to Regular space and Normal space where the relationship between these concepts were given. Finally, some characteristics of these concepts were investigated.
Face Detection for Color Image Based on MATLAB
Authors: al_galib Shahad laith abd , Abdulrahman Asma Abdulelah , Al-azawi Fouad Shaker Tahir
Published: May 2021

Amazing results in many works in the field of deep convolutional neural networks using them in many fields of machine learning such as image classification control of atrial play, and image annotation. Mathematical analysis of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN) has a broad role in many applications including image classification applications. Face recognition technology has occupied a wide field in research that is still continuing in this work. Face recognition technology is being developed depending on the MATLAB program to develop the subjecting of the color image to the neural convolution network and the work of a program to reduce the time the network deals with the image to reduce the number of layers to only two layers and access the algorithm Suggested in this work. Computer vision of a color image in a face detection study. In this work, the researcher created a fast algorithm to reach the research goal based on new standards in the field of face detection. A new face detection program was designed using MATLAB, CascadeObjectDetector and trainCascadeObjectDetector the face detection devices were developed. In this work, a technique for panning and color image using the convolutional neural network for deep learning is proposed, the method used to reach the goal of this work.
Univalence Criteria for Holomorphic Functions Involving Srivastava-Attiya Operator
Authors: Hussian Huda F. , Juma Abdul Rahman S.
Published: May 2021

The purpose of present paper is to introduce and investigate the univalence criteria of holomorphic functions by employ a basically general form of Srivastava-Attiya operator. In specific, we derive several sufficient conditions of univalence for the generalized Srivastava-Attiya operator. Furthermore, number of famous univalent conditions would follow across specializing the parameters involved. Relevant connections with other related previous works are also indicating.
A modified ARIMA model for forecasting chemical sales in the USA
Authors: Salah Othman Mahdi , Mahdi Ghadeer Jasim Mohammed , Al-Latif Iman Ahmed Abud
Published: May 2021

model is derived, and the methodology is given in detail. The model is constructed depending on some measurement criteria, Akaike and Bayesian information criterion. For the new time series model, a new algorithm has been generated. The forecasting process, one and two steps ahead, is discussed in detail. Some exploratory data analysis is given in the beginning. The best model is selected based on some criteria; it is compared with some naïve models. The modified model is applied to a monthly chemical sales dataset (January 1992 to Dec 2019), where the dataset in this work has been downloaded from the United States of America census (www.census.gov). Ultimately, the forecasted sales for the next three years for chemical sales in the USA is provided.
Development the Numerical Method to Solve the Inverse Initial Value Problem for the Thermal Conductivity Equation of Composite Materials
Authors: Al-Mahdawi H K
Published: May 2021

In this paper, the heat conduction equation for composite materials posed and solved. This problem is known as an inverse initial value problem for the heat conduction equation. In order to solve and formulate this inverse problem, the function spaces must be defined and represented. By studying and solving the direct problem for the heat equation in composite materials, it is possible to determine the function spaces and solve the inverse initial value problem. Scientific methods used: the separation of variables method used to solve the direct problem for the heat equation. It found that method separation of variables does not completely lead to the solution of the inverse initial value problem, since this method leads to a divergent series of solutions and rather massive errors. The heat conduction problem can be formulated as Fredholm integral first kind equations. The discretization algorithm applied to reformulated the problem as linear operator problem as matrix and vectors form. Then, Tikhonov’s regularization inversion method has been used to find an approximation solution. Finally, as shown in the numerical example the regularized approximate solutions obtained.
Study subsets in Unite projective planes and their applications to Error-Correcting codes
Authors: Al-Seraji Najm Abdulzahra Makrib , Numan Zeina Tariq
Published: May 2021

The main objective of this paper is to classify the special sets in the projective planes PG (2, t) with the values of t= 17,31,37, and we found the arcs of the second degree (k,2) - arcs in PG (2, t) or third-degree (k,3)-arcs in PG(2, t), and the parameters of codes n, k, d was calculated and whether they are complete or incomplete, and the corresponding codes were formed.
Signal Soft Topology and Molecules of Matter
Authors: Mahmood Majd Hamid
Published: May 2021

In this search, we will make modeling for molecules of matter (organic, inorganic) by using signal soft sets, and generate signal soft topologies for molecules.
Runge-kutta Numerical Method for Solving Nonlinear Influenza Model
Authors: Mohammed Shatha Jabbar , Mohammed Maha A.
Published: May 2021

The main object of this study is to solve a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODE) of the first order governing the epidemic model using numerical methods. The application under study is a mathematical epidemic model which is the influenza model at Australia in 1919. Runge-kutta methods of order 4 and of order 45 for solving this initial value problem(IVP) problem have been used. Finally, the results obtained have been discussed tabularly and graphically.
Common Fixed Point and invariant Approximations for Cq-Commuting Mappings in P-Normed Spaces
Authors: Ajeel Yusra Jarallah , Mutlag Osamah Hadi
Published: May 2021

The purpose of this paper is to prove a common fixed point(c.f.p) theorems by using conditiond (S(x), T(y)) ≤ℓ max{d(h(x), G(y)), d(h(x), S(x)), d(G(y), T(y)), d(h(x), T(y)), d(G(y), S(x))} For two pairs of mappings in p-normed space(p-n.s) and also obtain the best approximation (b.a) result. In the last part of this paper, it is proved that the fixed point (f.p) problem for these mappings is well-posed (w-p).
Soft Np-Open Sets in Soft Toplogical Spaces
Authors: Sabeha I , Ali Haider Jebur
Published: May 2021

This article is devoted to introduce and study a new kind of soft sets in soft topological spaces called soft Np-open sets as a generalization of soft p-open sets. Also, we investigate and prove some of their properties. By using this new soft set we define and study new soft spaces called soft Np-compact spaces, soft Np-Lindelöf spaces, and obtain some of their characterizations and properties. Finally, we discuss the relationships among soft Np-compact spaces, soft Np-Lindelöf spaces, soft p-compact spaces, soft p-Lindelöf spaces, soft compact spaces, and soft Lindelöf spaces.
Solve differential equations via a hybrid method between homotopy analytical method and sine cosine optimization algorithm
Authors: najeeb Mostafa raed , Qasim Omar Saber , Entesar Ahmed
Published: May 2021

In this paper, ordinary differential equations (ODEs) of two types, linear and non-linear will be solved by using the homotopy analytical method (HAM), and the sine cosine algorithm (SCA) will be used to modify the parameter h and obtain a better approximate solution than what was in the previous method HAM. The suggested method, HAM-SCA, covers a solution that reveals the reliability and the efficiency correspondingly to the default method HAM by computing the maximum absolute errors (MAE) and mean square error (MSE).
Stable15N and Neutron Halo 16N Nuclei Structure Study by Elastic Electron Scattering Form Factors and Nucleon Momentum Distributions
Authors: Yaseen Maha Taha , Ali Akram M.
Published: May 2021

In this manuscript, the elastic electron scattering form factors and the nucleon momentum distributions (NMD) for stable 15N and neutron halo 16N at the ground state were reported. This was accomplished by utilizing the well-known Coherent Density Fluctuation Model (CDFM) via the employment of fluctuation function (|F(q)|2) which is coupled with the density distributions nuclei. The long-tail performance in the NMD at high momentum region was further determined via experimental and theoretical fluctuation functions. The evaluated elastic electron scattering form factors were evaluated on the bases of the density distributions as well as the root mean square (RMS) radii for each measured nucleon. The proposed study provides a robust correlation between the theoretical formation factors and the practical results of 15N and 16N nuclei.
Risk Determination of Radionuclide Derived from Agriculture Fertilizers in Iraqi Markets by Gamma Spectrometry
Authors: Ali Akram Mohammed
Published: May 2021

A fertilizer has increase production and becomes a necessary tool that uses in agriculture. Different amount of uranium and thorium are including in the fertilizers that mean natural nuclide will be concentrated in high values. In this work, seventeen samples of commonly used fertilizer in Iraqi markets were collected and determine the specific activities of radiation 238U, 232Th, and 40K using a technique of gamma-ray spectroscopy NaI(Tl) detector. The concentration of these nuclides has average values (79.66±0.41Bq/kg, 30.52±0.31Bq/kg, and 181.27±2.91 Bq/kg) comparing with worldwide limitation (35Bq/kg, 35Bq/kg, and 350 Bq/kg), respectively. So the concentration of 238U nuclei greater than its global limit. The radiological hazards of all samples as radium equivalent activity (Raeq), external (Hex) and internal (Hin), alpha and gamma indices, and annual effective dose, due to the presence of these radionuclides, were calculated to assess it hazards and by the statistical study that using SPSS program one can mark the relations between all hazards indices.
Studying the effect of the bending magnet parameters on focusing of charged particles in beam transport systems via the matrix representation method
Authors: Attia Malak M. , Hashim Intesar H.
Published: May 2021

The focusing of charged particles beam passing through the transport system is affected by many parameters and depends on the elements that used in the transport beam systems. In this study, a permanent bending C-shape magnet is used to investigate the effect of the geometrical configuration parameters of bending magnet on the focusing of the passing charged particles beam. This investigation is implemented via the method of the matrix’s representation. The results showed that the edges of the bending magnet have opposite focus in the horizontal and vertical planes of beam motion. The deflecting angle effect appeared as a rotation of the phase space ellipse of the charged particle beam without focusing of this beam. The results also, showed that the focus of the charged particles beam is unlike in both horizontal and vertical planes of beam motion.
Evaluation of the radiological hazard in some dried fruit and grain samples in Iraqi Markets by Using of gamma ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Jameel Athraa Naji
Published: May 2021

The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K have been measured by using of gamma spectroscopy for fifteen samples fall under the consumed food group (six type of dried fruit and nine types of grain) at local markets in Baghdad. The average of activity concentration values of 40K, 232Th and 238U were 324.4±28.5 Bq/Kg, 3.66±0.20 Bq/kg and 3.44±0.58 Bq/kg, for the dried fruit samples, 302.3± 98.9, 4.8±1.5 and 4.29 ±1.4 Bq/kg, respectively. For the grain samples, radiation hazard indices, the annual effective dose, internal and external risk, lifetime cancer, and the doses of ingestion, were all doses values within the international borders allowed. Thus, Food the dried fruit and grain in Baghdad is safe for human consumption and it has no heath effect.
Physical Characteristics for Biocomposite Material Using to Jawbones Compensation
Authors: Sabry Alya’a Abdulkadhim , Salih Nihad Abdulameer
Published: May 2021

The biocomposite material prepared from polymeric blend (bone cement) as a matrix, and hydroxyapatite powder as a reinforcement material to jawbones compensation is a material that has a good compatibility in terms of physical properties with oral environment in general, and jawbones in particular. The physical properties such as density, water absorption, and thermal properties were tested according to the weight fraction for the reinforcement material. It was found that the density of biocomposite material does not uniformly changed, and it decreases with increasing the ratio of hydroxyapatite particles. While, the water absorption increases with increasing the weight fraction of hydroxyapatite particles. Also, the thermal properties were measured. It was found that the thermal conductivity and the thermal diffusivity of the prepared material were decreased with increasing the weight fraction of hydroxyapatite particles, and therefore the specific heat of the prepared material was also increased due to the porous nature for reinforcement material (hydroxyapatite powder) that enhances the formation of voids between the resulting material.
Employment of Titanium dioxide thin film on NO2 gas sensing
Authors: Abbas Israa Akram , Hazaa Salah Q. , Salman Seham Hassan
Published: May 2021

TiO2 thin films were deposited by Spray Pyrolysis with thickness ((350±25) nm) onto glass substrates at (350°C), and the film was annealed at temperatures (400 and 500)°C. The structural and morphological properties of the thin films (TiO2) were investigated by X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscope. The gas sensor fabricated by evaporating aluminum electrodes using the annealed TiO2 thin films as an active material. The sensitivity of the sensors was determined by change the electrical resistance towards NO2 at different working temperatures (200 and 300)°C. It was determined that the fabricated sensor using TiO2 thin film annealed at (400)°C with 8.28 nm particle size has high sensitivity than the thin films annealed at 500°C with 10.37 nm particle size. The sensor operated at 200°C had also sensitive to the NO2 gas and its sensivity increased with operated temperatures at 300°C. It was observed that the fabricated sensors exhibited reproducible and stable results.
Tailoring the structural, morphological, electrical and optical characteristics of transparent and conductive ZnO/Ag-NPs thin film coatings
Authors: Taha Hatem
Published: May 2021

In this study, high quality ZnO/Ag-NPs thin transparent and conductive film coatings were fabricated via sol-gel process combined with spin-coating technique. Structural, surface morphology, electrical and optical properties were investigated by means of XRD, Hall effect measurements, FESEM and UV-Vis. The synthesized ZnO/Ag-NPs thin films shows a polycrystalline wurtzite structure, and the grain sizes enlarged when the annealing temperature increased. The surface morphologies of the coatings were dense, smooth and homogeneous as proved by FESEM images. The resistivity of (5.8×10−4 Ω.cm), the carrier concentration of (3×1020 cm−3) and the mobility of (40 cm2/V s) were obtained from the film post heated with 500°C. Same thin film also shows the highest transmittance and energy gap of 88% and 3.71 eV respectively.
Transfer Factors from Soil to Plant of Natural Radionuclides at Abu-Ghraib City, Iraq Using Gamma Ray Spectroscopy
Authors: Ebraheem Rand Mudher , Al-Alawy Iman Tarik , Mhana Waleed Jabar
Published: May 2021

Activity concentrations of natural radionuclides, artificial radio-cesium, and soil-to-plant transfer factor in common different plants species grown at Abu-Ghraib city in the capital Baghdad have been evaluated using NaI(Tl) gamma spectroscopy. Five species of plants have been selected, namely green pepper, cucumber, celery, basil, and mint. The measurements were made on four parts of each plant sample which were included soil, roots, stalk, and leave for knowledge and evaluation the transfer factors. The maximum mean specific activity concentration of U-238 and Th-232 was 9.853±10.904 Bq/kg, 6.005±2.729Bq/kg in celery, while the maximum mean specific activity concentration of K-40 was 141.172±71.703 Bg/kg in cucumber, respectively. The results showed that the uranium, thorium, potassium and cesium concentration not exceeded the permissible limit. The mean Radium equivalent activity was 35.553 Bq\kg lower than 370 Bq\kg recommended by UNSCEAR. The maximum absorbed dose rate in root-mint samples was 30.290 nGy/h which is lower than 84 nGy/h, while the mean annual outdoor effective dose equivalent in root samples was 148.597 mSv/y which is lower than 290 mSv/y recommended by UNSCEAR, respectively. The maximum H hazard index was 0.097 in root samples which is less than ≤1 recommended by UNSCEAR. The excess lifetime cancer risk (ECLR) ranged from 5.441×10 −3 to 520.081×10 −3. This value is higher than recommended limit 0.29 ×10 −3 and 1.16 ×10 −3 reported by UNSCEAR. The ELCR is a function of environmental geology and K-40 has very high soil-to-plant transfer factor compared to other radionuclides in the samples. Therefore, there is a risk of their administration. The maximum of radioactivity level index was 0.265 Bq/kg which is less than ≤1.
Effect of Chitosan Nanoparticles Loaded Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride on Health Status of Common Carp (Cyprinuscarpio L.) Infected with Columnaris Disease
Authors: Ali Medyan N. , Al-Saadi Tagreed M. , AL-Faragi Jamal K. A.
Published: May 2021

This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of chitosan nanoparticles loaded oxytetracycline hydrochloride on health status, and survival rate of common carp infected with Columnaris disease. A total 160 fish of Cyprinuscarpio L. weighed between 48-50g were randomly distributed into eight treatments, and 48 fish were used to determine LD50. (Two replications for each treatment). The bacterial concentration of F. column are that used for infection test after a serial dilution was 0.2ml (1.8 × 106 CFU/ml), then removal a few of scales near the caudal fin and injection subcutaneously. The trial injected fish treated by ordinary oxytetracycline hydrochloride as T0 in dose 20 mg/L and T1, T2, T3, T4 and T5 treated by chitosan nanoparticles loaded oxytetracycline hydrochloride in dose 20, 15, 10, 5, 2.5 mg/L respectively. The control (+) infected without gave treatment, whilst, control-was no infected. All the treatments gave the bath treatment 1-hour per-day for 7 days, clinical signs post treatment were evaluated also, RBC counts, WBC counts, PCV, Hb, Total proteins, Albumin, Globulin, A/G ratio and survival rate were measured. One week after the end of the treatment period, an improvement in health and feed consumption was observed in T4 and T3. The results revealed significant increases (P < 0.05) in PCV, Hb, RBCs count and WBCcount of C. carpio post-treatment in treated groups T4 (26.46%, 8.95 g/dl and 2.27 cell×106/mm3 and22.10 cell×103/mm3respectively) compared with control (+) (15.95%, 5.94 g/dl,1.55 cell×106/mm3 and19.13 cell×103/mm3respectively). In addition, Total proteins, Albumin, Globulin showed significant increase (P < 0.05) in T2, T3, T4, T5 comparison with the control+ group and highest values were recorded in T4. While, The result of A/G ratio revealed a significantly decreased (P 0.05) in all treatments in compared with Control(-) and no significant difference (P 0.05) compared with Control(+). The best A/G ratio recorded in T4 and T5. In addition, survival rate 90% recorded as the highest value in T4. This current administration technique of oxytetracycline, proved to become much more efficient with respect to conventional exposure and has the potential to minimize the usage of antibiotics in fish farms and regarding environmental effects.
Refractive Index Sensor for Salty and Sugary Solution Based on Optical Fiber Technical
Authors: Ibrahim Maher Khaleel , Kadhim Shehab A , Fawaz Nabeil Ibrahim
Published: May 2021

In this work, based on Mach- Zehender Interferometry (MZI) technique, a single-mode optical fiber had been designed as a water pollution sensor. The submitted sensor had been designed to detect pollutants in water. The sodium chloride salt and sugar were used as simulation examples of pollutants with different concentrations (0-0.45) mol /liter. The performance of the submitted sensor had been studied for different sensor arm diameters which were (63.5, 51.58, 39.68 and 20 µm). The variation of the refractive index of salty and sugary solutions surrounding the sensor leads to a change in the optical properties of the transmitted signal. In this work, a wavelength shifting had been obtained due to this variation. The influence of sensor diameter on the sensitivity of the system had been studied. From the results, we found that the higher sensitivity was for the sensors with a diameter of 20 µm, and they were 1130 pm/mol.l-1 and 1205 pm/mol.l-1 for salty and sugary solution respectively.
Modeling the Effect of Particle Packing Density for Sintering
Authors: Hassun Hanan K. , Hussein Bushra H. , K.H.al-Maiyaly Bushra
Published: May 2021

This research studies the effect of particle packing density on sintering TiO2 microstructure. Sintering experiment was conducted on compacts involving of monodisperse spherical TiO2 particles. The experimental results are modeled using L2-Regression technique in studing the effect of two theoretical values of 55% and 69% of initial packing densities. The mathematical simulation shows that the lower values of density compacts sintered fast to theoretical density and this reflects that particle packing density improved densification rate because of the competing influence of grain growth at higher values of densities.
Numerical Study of Bending Losses in Optical Fibers with Arbitrary Profile Index
Authors: Jassim Asmaa M. , Yasser Hassan A. , Muhammad Haider K.
Published: May 2021

In this work, the bending loss was numerically studied within the COMSOL environment, where the general formula for profile index including graded and step-index types was adopted. The study showed an increase in bending loss with decreases bending radius, decreases core radius and increases wavelength. The graded order is effective up to after which the loss is constant. There is an oscillating change in loss caused by interference between the outgoing and reflected waves from the boundaries, which becomes clearer as the loss itself increases.
Preparation and characterization of copper oxide by adding turmeric powder
Authors: obaid Maithm A. , Harbi Khalid Hellal , Abd Ahmed N.
Published: May 2021

In the present study, the nanoparticle CuO solutions have been green synthesized with the use of the Aqueous copper chlorides and turmeric powder as a reducing agent in the deionized water as base fluid through the use of the traditional heating. This approach has produced large amounts of the Nano-products in a short duration of the reaction that takes several minutes, in addition to high quality materials with the innovative characteristics. A short review on some of the distinctive implementations and characteristics of the CuO Nano-structures will be presented as well.
Design High performance multilayers cold mirror
Authors: Gadhban Ansam Qassim , Roomy Harakat Mohsin , Taha Sarah K
Published: May 2021

The optical design process includes a myriad of tasks that the designer must be performed and consider in the process of optimizing the performance of the optical system. In this article, a design based on four groups of materials for a multilayer dielectric cold mirror: V2O5 \MgF2, Sic\MgF2, TiO2\MgF2, and Al As\MgF2 where MgF2 represents low refractive index and other material in each group represent high refractive index. A cold mirrors are a special dielectric mirrors that reflects the entire visible wavelength band, while the transmitting infrared wavelength band. These systems of mirrors are constructed for an event angle from 0° to 45° and are modeled with interference filters-like multi thin layer dielectric coatings. The results of our work designed shows the mirror based on Al As/MgF2 is the most promising design for cold mirror with the highest reflection in the visible region and the highest Transition in the IR region. In the spectrum range of 400-800 nanometers, the average transmission is much less than 1 %, while the average transmission is 95 percent in the wave band 800-2500 nanometer.
Study the photo catalytic activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and the impact on the degradation of methylene blue
Authors: Jarallah Abbas K , Abdullah Omar Fadhil , Aziz Wisam J , Lahwd Marwa J
Published: May 2021

In this study, titanium dioxide (TiO2) pure and doped prepared with tungsten at 5, 7 and 9 %, using pulse laser ablation method. The influence of different doping ratio of tungsten investigated on the structural properties and optical properties. X-ray measurement showed that the crystal size was increased by increasing doped concentration. From UV-visible data it has been found that the tungsten doping leads to a change in the optical band gap. ApplicationTiO2 as photo catalyst was studied on the degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye under UV illumination, which revealed the highest degradation of MB at a ratio of 9%.
Estimating the Lateral Distribution of High Energy Cosmic Ray Particles by Depending on Nishimura-Kamata-Greisen Function
Authors: Fadhel Kadhom F. , Al-Rubaiee A.A. , Jassim Hassanen Abdulhussaen , Al-Alawy Iman Tarik
Published: May 2021

The calculation of charged particles density in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) that reach the earth’s surface is described through estimating the lateral distribution function (LDF) at very high energies of different primary particles. The simulation of LDF is performed through the simulator of air shower which is called AIR-shower Extended Simulations (AIRES) system (2.8.4a version). The LDF simulation is performed for different charged particles like the muons, electron-positron pair production and all charged particles as well as gamma rays at very high energies (1016, 1018 and 1019) eV. The influence of the primary energies, primary particles (such as the proton and the iron nuclei) and the zenith angle (θ) on the charged particles LDF that generated in the EAS has been taken into the account. The calculation of charged particles LDF is fulfilled using “Nishimura-Kamata-Greisen” (NKG) function. The LDF using NKG function is compared with that simulated using AIRES system and gave a good agreement at high energies for (electron and positron) secondary particles, which were initiated by the primary proton.
Study the Effect of Annealing Process on Nanorods and Nanonails ZnO Thin Films Prepared by Hydrothermal Technique
Authors: Kareem M. M. , Mohammed F.Y. , Khodair Z. T.
Published: May 2021

Wurtzite hexagonal Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoorods and nanonails arrays have been successfully fabricated and deposited on glass substrates pre-coated with ZnO seed layer using a simple hydrothermal method. The influence of annealing temperatures of on the morphological, structural and optical properties was studied. The size and shape of the nanostructures and the band gap energy depend on the deposition temperature of ZnO thin films have been studied. The optical energy band gaps of ZnO were calculated to be 3.25 eV and 3.26 eV for the samples annealed at 300°C and 350°C respectively. The XRD results show the formation of wurtzite hexagonal ZnO structures for nanonails and nanorods arrays with prominent (002) orientation. The c/a ratio of 1.6033 is close to the ideal value for hexagonal cell around 1.633. The transmittance of the films is about 80% in the visible range. The (EDX) analysis identified the pure ZnO phase with a ratio of Z:O = 1:1.
Investigation and Study of Photonic Current Rate in Bremsstrahlung process
Authors: Bkmurd Rana Issa , Al-Agealy Hadi J M , Ashwiekh Ahmed M
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we investigate and study quantum theoretical of quark-gluon interaction modeling in QGP matter formatted. In theoretical modeling, we can use a flavor number, strength coupling, critical energy Tc = 190 MeV, system energy (400-650)MeV, fugacity of quark and gluon, and photon energy in range of 1-10 GeV parameter to calculation and investigation spectrum of photon rate. We calculation and study the photon rate produced through bremsstrahlung processes from the stable QGP matter. The photon rate production from cg → dgy systems at bremsstrahlung processes are found to be increased with increased fugacity, decreased strength coupling, decreased the photons energy and temperature of system. The photons rate in cg → dgy is increases a little compared to the cg → bgy systems.
Properties of organic green spinach dye as a substitute for harmful chemical green dye
Authors: Hussin Suma H AL-Shaikh
Published: May 2021

Preparation of an environmentally friendly organic green dye, an alternative to the harmful industrial chemical green dye which is used to optical and industrial applications. The dye is extracted from spinach plant by solvent extraction process. The optical and morphological characterizations of green spinach dye are measurements, the absorbance spectrum of green spinach accord in visible region and the dye have two peaks at wavelengths (λ1=440 nm, λ2=685 nm) where the band gap energy is Eg=2.81 eV at λ1 and the refractive index of spinach dye (n=1.36682). The fluorescence spectrum show the maximum absorption wavelength λ1, λ2 shifted towers red region about Δλ1=90 nm and Δλ2=195 nm respectively, and that accentuated the absorption region are extend to the dye. Also, the average particles size of spinach measured by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM)=59.587 nm. These characterizations obtained the green dye can used in optical and industrial applications and made it a safer alternative for the toxic chemical green dye and thus protecting the environment by replacing polluting industrial chemical and their consequences.
Characteristics of probing electrons behavior inside the chamber of scanning electron microscope
Authors: Khaleel Imad H. , Mahdi Ali S. , Al-Obaidi Hassan N.
Published: May 2021

The electron mirror phenomenon has been explored to describe the behavior of a probing electron trajectory inside the chamber of scanning electron microscope (SEM). This investigation has been carried out by means of the modulated mirror plot curve technique. This method is based on expanding sample potential to a multipolar form to detect the actual distribution of the trapped charges. Actually an experimental result is used to guiding results of this work toward the accurate side. Results have shown that the influence of each type of multipolar arrangement (monopole, dipole, quadruple, octopole … etc.) mainly depends on the driving potential.
Fabrication of SrTiO3 NPs Doped Polymer Blend and Studying their AC Electrical Characteristics for Piezoelectric Fields
Authors: Hadi Abeer Ghalib , Al-Ramadhan Zainab , Hashim Ahmed
Published: May 2021

Nanocomposite films of PVA/PAA/SrTiO3 NPs were fabricated for electronic and optic approaches using a low cost method. The AC electrical characteristics of PVA/PAA/SrTiO3 films were investigated. The results showed that the dielectric constant of polymeric blend increases from 5.39 to 7.25, and the dielectric loss increases from 1 to 30. While, the electrical conductivity increases from 5.00E−11 to 2.00E−9 with increasing the SrTiO3 NPs content. Also, the dielectric constant of polymeric blend increased from 5.39 to 8.04, and the dielectric loss increased from 0.377 to 1.21. While, the electrical conductivity increased from 2.09E−11 to 6.70E−11 with increasing the frequency.
Influence of BaTiO3 NPs on Dielectric Characteristics of PVA/PEG For Electronic Applications
Authors: Mohammed Batool , Ahmed Hind , Hashim Ahmed
Published: May 2021

In this paper, we synthesized new types of nanocomposites to be used in various electronic applications such as piezoelectric, pressure sensors, diodes, transistors with low cost and lightweight. The nanocomposites were obtained from PVA/PEG blend doped with nanoparticles BaTiO3 using casting method then studied using LCR meter. The dielectric characteristics of the synthesized nanocomposites have been studied. Results indicated that dielectric constants ε′, loss ε″ and conductivity σA.C in PVA/PEG rise as BaTiO3 NPs content increased. Also, the dielectric constant was increased from 5.8 to 8.6 and the dielectric loss was increased from 1.5 to 4.38. The ε′ and ε″ were decreased while the electrical conductivity was increased from 8.34 to 2.40 at 100 HZ and the σA.C was decreased with increasing frequency.
The effect of the Doping with Cobalt Transition Metal on the Dielectric and Structural Properties of Fe0.5CoxMg0.95-xO Nanoparticles Synthesized by Sol-Gel Assisted Auto-Combustion
Authors: Al-Saadi Tagreed M. , Ahmed Omar A. , Khaleel Imad H. , AL-Dhahir T.A.
Published: May 2021

The compound Fe0.5CoxMg0.95-xO where (x= 0.025, 0.05, 0.075, 0.1) was prepared via the sol-gel technique. The crystalline nature of magnesium oxide was studied by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis, and the size of the sample crystals, ranging between (16.91-19.62nm), increased, while the lattice constant within the band (0.5337-0.4738 nm) decreased with increasing the cobalt concentration. The morphology of the specimens was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) which shows images forming spherical granules in addition to the presence of interconnected chips. The presence of the elements involved in the superposition was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis. The results showed that the dielectric constant decreases with increasing the cobalt concentration, while the dielectric loss factor and AC conductivity increase.
A New Technique for Solar Cell Parameters Estimation of The Single-Diode Model
Authors: Rasheed Mohammed , Alabdali Osama , Shihab Suha
Published: May 2021

In the current study, an implicit algorithm has been applied to solve the nonlinear equation of a single diode solar cell using several iterations with an initial value ofx0= 1. The proposed algorithm is achieved with the different values of load resistance. The equation based on equivalent circuit of a solar cell and all the determinations are implemented at ambient temperature using MATLAB program. The obtained results of this new method are given, and the absolute errors are investigated.
Effect of The Cu Doping on The Structural and Optical Properties of AlSb Thin Films Deposited by Thermal Evaporation Method
Authors: Ibraheim Adil M. , Sameer Maki A.
Published: May 2021

AlSb thin film was prepared on a glass substrate with a thickness of (200 nm) at room temperature using the thermal evaporation technique under high vacuum conditions (10−6 mbar). The effect of Cu doping at ratios (1%, 3% and 5%) on the structural and optical properties were investigated. The structural properties of the films were evaluated by X-Ray Diffraction technique (XRD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The optical properties of the films were measured using the (UV-Vis ) spectra in the ranges from 400 to 1000 nm. XRD results showed that all the samples have a polycrystalline cubic structure, and the average grain size of AlSb increases with increasing the Cu ratios. According to the AFM analysis, it is noticed that the average surface roughness (RMS) of AlSb nanocubic thin film decreases with increasing Cu doped concentration. From UV–Vis absorption spectra, it is noticed that all the samples have high absorption in the visible region, and the direct energy gap values for the samples were 1.83 eV, 1.81 eV, 1.80 eV, and 1.78 eV for pure, 1% Cu, 3% Cu and 5% Cu respectively.
Cryogenic Analysis of Junctionless Nanowire MOSFET during Underlap in Lower Technology Nodes
Authors: Sasank Tenneti Sai , Ganesh Pochiraju Raja , Kumar Nukala Pavan , Jena Biswajit , Obaid Ahmed J.
Published: May 2021

This paper presents a cryogenic analysis of Junction less Under lapped Nanowire MOSFETs in lower technology nodes. The temperature dependent analysis is carried out to extract the DC figure of merits (FOMs) of the proposed nanowire MOSFET. The analysis is carried out to investigate the drain current associated with the device at different temperature. Further the analysis is extended with underlap length variation from source, drain and both sides. As the trans conductance plays a vital role in device performance estimation, so the analysis is further extended to calculate the transconductance for all the temperature variation and underlap length variation. With the introduction of gate metal under lapping, the sub-threshold behaviour of the proposed structure under different temperature is carried out extensively.