bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimasi Kecerdasan Majemuk Sebagai Metode Menghafal Al-Qur’an (Studi atas buku “Metode Ilham: Menghafal al-Qur’an serasa Bermain Game” karya Lukman Hakim dan Ali Khosim)
Authors: Firdausi Fitriana
Published: August 2019

Menghafal al Qur’an merupakan kegiatan yang terkesan sangat berat dan membosankan. Hal ini disebabkan karena metode yang dipakai monoton dan hanya mengaktifkan belahan otak kiri. Berbagai macam metode pun coba diteorikan dan dipraktekkan oleh para h{a>fiz} demi membuat proses tersebut terasa lebih ringan, atau bahkan menyenangkan. Salah satu metode yang belum lama ini ditemukan adalah metode Ilham. Keberadaan metode ini menjadi solusi atas kebuntuan yang dihadapi para penghafal al Qur’an. Metode ini berupaya uuntuk memadukan beberapa metode sehingga proses menghafal tidak membosankan. Metode ini juga berusaha mengaktifkan belahan otak kiri dan otak kanan sekaligus sehingga diharapkan bisa diterapkan kepada penghafal al Qur’an dengan semua tipe belajar.Kata kunci: Tahfidz al Qur’an, Metode Ilham, Kecerdasan Majemuk
Kitab Hadis Sekunder: Perkembangan, Epistimologi, dan Relevansinya di Indonesia
Authors: Nurhaedi Dadi
Published: August 2019

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang kitab/buku hadis sekunder, yakni kitab kreasi atas kitab hadis primer sebagai koleksi hadis yang tidak boleh dirubah. Telaah menunjukkan bahwa pasca dihimpunnya hadis-hadis dalam kitab sekunder, maka pada periode berikutnya hingga sekarang, mengalami dinamika format kitab yang berbeda dengan kitab primer. Kitab-kitab hadis sekunder terus mengalami perkembangan sesuai perubahan dan kebutuhan zaman, bahkan di Indonesia memiliki kekhasan utama yakni tambahan terjemahan dan penjelasan. Perkembangan tersebut tidak terlepas dari dimensi epistimologis yang merupakan prinsip-prinsip penting dalam proses penyusunan kitab. Aspek epistimologis dimaksud ialah (a) tujuan penulisan kitab untuk menyampaikan hadis Nabi yang bisa menjelaskan dan mudah diakses, (b) tema atau cakupan bahasan yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan perkembangan zaman, (c) sumber rujukan yang memadai dan mekanisme pengambilan yang standar, (d) sistematisasi penyajian sehingga runtut dan mudah dipahami, dan (e) sifatnya yang jelas, mudah, dinamis, dan menarik. Prinsip-prinsip tersebut sangat signifikan dan relevan, sehingga memengaruhi perkembangan kitab-kitab hadis yang relatif lebih dinamis, fleksibel, beragam, menarik, dan efektif.Kata Kunci: Perkembangan, Kitab Hadis, Epistemologi
Follow-up of incidental pulmonary nodules and association with mortality in a safety-net cohort
Authors: Lee Jonathan S. , Lisker Sarah , Vittinghoff Eric , Cherian Roy , McCoy David B. , Rybkin Alex , Su George , Sarkar Urmimala
Published: August 2019

Background

Though incidental pulmonary nodules are common, rates of guideline-recommended surveillance and associations between surveillance and mortality are unclear. In this study, we describe adherence (categorized as complete, partial, late and none) to guideline-recommended surveillance among patients with incidental 5–8 mm pulmonary nodules and assess associations between adherence and mortality.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of 551 patients (≥35 years) with incidental pulmonary nodules conducted from September 1, 2008 to December 31, 2016, in an integrated safety-net health network.

Results

Of the 551 patients, 156 (28%) had complete, 87 (16%) had partial, 93 (17%) had late and 215 (39%) had no documented surveillance. Patients were followed for a median of 5.2 years [interquartile range (IQR), 3.6–6.7 years] and 82 (15%) died during follow-up. Adjusted all-cause mortality rates ranged from 2.24 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24–3.25] deaths per 100 person-years for complete follow-up to 3.30 (95% CI, 2.36–4.23) for no follow-up. In multivariable models, there were no statistically significant associations between the levels of surveillance and mortality (p > 0.16 for each comparison with complete surveillance). Compared with complete surveillance, adjusted mortality rates were non-significantly increased by 0.45 deaths per 100 person-years (95% CI, −1.10 to 2.01) for partial, 0.55 (95% CI, −1.08 to 2.17) for late and 1.05 (95% CI, −0.35 to 2.45) for no surveillance.

Conclusions

Although guideline-recommended surveillance of small incidental pulmonary nodules was incomplete or absent in most patients, gaps in surveillance were not associated with statistically significant increases in mortality in a safety-net population.
Vom protestantischen „Beichtvater“ zum Verhaltenstherapeuten. Überzeugungsstrategien und Kommunikationsmuster bei Fundamentalisten und New Evangelicals (ca. 1920–1970)
Authors: Coché Stefanie H.
Published: August 2019

Die neuere Forschung hat in den letzten Jahren bemängelt, dass der Fokus auf den Kalten Krieg lange die Brüche in der amerikanischen Nachkriegsgesellschaft verschleiert habe. Während dem Aufstieg der New Right vor den 1980er Jahren zuletzt mehr Aufmerksamkeit gewidmet wurde, bleibt der genuin religiöse Anteil der Evangelikalen hieran vor ihrem politischen Engagement in der moral majority weitestgehend im Dunkeln. Dieser Aufsatz vertritt die These, dass die Eroberung des modernen Alltags als religiöses Betätigungsfeld ein wesentlicher Faktor für den verblüffenden Erfolg Billy Grahams und der sich um ihn herum formierenden New Evangelicals war. Graham gelang eine religiöse Aneignung neuer, „moderner“ Themen, indem er die Regeln des konservativen protestantischen Diskurses maßgeblich veränderte. Während sein unmittelbarer Vorgänger Charles Fuller gleichsam als protestantischer „Beichtvater“ agierte, nahm Billy Graham die Rolle eines „Verhaltenstherapeuten“ ein. Auf diese Weise lotste er eine rückwärtsgewandte religiöse Tradition, die in der Zwischenkriegszeit bereits zu einer Nischenexistenz verdammt gewesen zu sein schien, zurück in den Mainstream und trug damit wesentlich zum politischen, kulturellen und gesellschaftlichen Einfluss der Evangelikalen in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts in den USA bei. Diesem im westlichen Vergleich außergewöhnlichen und kontrasäkularen Wandel konservativer protestantischer Religiosität widmet sich der Artikel, indem er die jeweilige diskursive Präsentation und die inhaltlichen Schwerpunkte der Fundamentalisten und New Evangelicals analysiert. Damit richtet er den Blick von der Religion auf die Moderne und löst einen in den letzten Jahren mehrfach geforderten Perspektivwechsel ein.
From flamano to urban vernacular. Linguistic and meta-linguistic heritage of first generation miners in Flemish Limburg
Authors: Marzo Stefania
Published: August 2019

This article explores the linguistic and meta-linguistic heritage of the Italian mine workers families that arrived in Belgian Limburg after the Second World War. On the basis of historical research, discourse analysis of texts and sociolinguistic interviews, I describe how the complex linguistic integration of first-generation migrants, that was scarcely noticed and debated until the 1960s, has been picked up and enregistered by second- and third-generation Italians in Limburg. I show how first generation’s hybrid linguistic practices have come to be linked to one particular mining city, the city of Genk, and enregistered as an urban vernacular of this place, although they still refer to the larger historical background they are rooted in. I explain this heritage in three steps. First, I describe the complex contact-linguistic situation of first-generation miners’ families. I will then present the linguistic consequences of this situation, by describing the emergence of a multilingual, but mainly French-based mining jargon among Flemish and foreign miners. In a third step, I place the social and linguistic situation of first-generation miners at the root of the linguistic practices of second- and third-generation Italians in Limburg.
Standard and adjusted criteria for the use of the misoprostol vaginal insert for labor induction: a comparative cohort study
Authors: Brandstetter Aleke , Döbert Moritz , Schwaerzler Peter , Döbert Timm Fabian , Hasselbeck Hendrik , Henrich Wolfgang
Published: August 2019

Objective

To compare the efficacy of misoprostol vaginal insert (MVI) for labor induction using standard and adjusted criteria.

Methods

A single-center, comparative cohort study using a consecutive series of pregnant women ≥37/0 weeks undergoing labor induction with either standard criteria for MVI (administration for up to 24 h; MVI-24) or with adjusted criteria (MVI administration for a maximum of 10 h; MVI-10) conducted at a tertiary academic center in Germany. The primary outcomes were the time from start of induction to any delivery and cesarean delivery rate.

Results

A total of 138 women were included in the study, 69 in each group. The mean time from MVI administration to any delivery showed no significant difference between the MVI-24 and MVI-10 groups (954 vs. 969 min, respectively; P = 0.679). The cesarean delivery rate was proportionally lower for the MVI-10 group [39.1% (27/69) vs. 24.6% (17/69); P = 0.10].

Conclusion

The time from induction to delivery with MVI was similar when using standard criteria of up to 24 h of exposure vs. adjusted criteria of up to 10 h of exposure. Although the threshold for statistical significance for cesarean section was not attained, there is nonetheless a considerable difference between the MVI-24 and MVI-10 groups.
Crystal structure of poly[(μ2-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)benzoato-κ4
O:O′:N:N′)silver(I)] monohydrate, C9H8AgO3N3
Authors: Li Kai-Hui , Zhang Peng
Published: August 2019

C9H8AgO3N3, monoclinic, P21/n (no. 14), a = 6.5358(3) Å, b = 6.0583(4) Å, c = 24.9951(11) Å, β = 92.040(4)°, V = 989.08(8) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0297, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0552, T = 288.74(10) K.
Hannes Kerber: Zum Wechselverhältnis von Orthodoxie und Aufklärung. G. E. Lessings allegorische Zeitdiagnostik in Herkules und Omphale
Authors: Kerber Hannes
Published: August 2019

Gotthold Ephraim Lessing stands out among the thinkers of the 18th century for his refusal to synthesize theology and philosophy. But due to his notorious ambivalence about religious questions, even Lessing’s contemporaries remained uncertain whether he ultimately sided with the former or the latter. The short dialogue Hercules and Omphale is, to the detriment of research on this topic, largely unknown. I show that the dialogue offers in a nutshell Lessing’s comprehensive analysis of the intellectual and religious situation of his time. By calling on the mythical travesty of the Asian queen and the Greek hero, Lessing illustrates the mutual attraction that has led astray both Enlightenment philosophy and contemporary Lutheran orthodoxy. Implicitly, his diagnosis of the aberrations of philosophy and theology sheds light on Lessing’s own position. The twofold criticism is an attempt to restore theology as well as philosophy in their genuine forms and to reestablish their proper relationship. Through his twofold restitutio in integrum, Lessing is able to reopen the quarrel between orthodoxy and the Enlightenment and, thus, to radically renew the all but forgotten theologico-philosophical antagonism.
Arie L. Molendijk: Au Fond. The Phenomenology of Gerardus van der Leeuw
Authors: Molendijk Arie L.
Published: August 2019

This article explores Gerardus van der Leeuw’s view of phenomenology of religion. The phenomenological method he defended is basically a hermeneutical approach in which an observer relates personally and even existentially to the “phenomena” (s)he studies in order to determine their essence (Wesensschau). In his anthropology (that reflects on the basic structure of human beings) a similar way of relating to the world is discussed: the “primitive mentality” that is characterized by the “need to participate” (besoin de participation). Both phenomenology and mentalité primitive imply a critique of modern scholarship. This fundamental criticism of the prevailing (historical) approach in the humanities including religious studies explains the growing distance between van der Leeuw and the majority of scholars of religion in the decades after his death in 1950.
Georg Neugebauer: Affekt und Wille im Aufbau von Religion. Problemgeschichtliche Bezüge und systematische Aspekte der Lutherdeutung Karl Holls
Authors: Neugebauer Georg
Published: August 2019

Karl Holl’s interpretation of Luther’s concept of religion is based on his theoretical understanding of will. The research literature has often overlooked the fact that this foundation itself is based on a theory of emotions. The psychological implications of his interpretation of Luther, which are merely implied by Holl, can be decoded in the context of contemporary research, in this article on the basis of work by Hermann Siebeck and Reinhold Seeberg. In this way, this article systematically highlights the complex structure of Luther’s concept of religion, as interpreted by Holl, with regard to its conceptual history.
Todd Gooch: Paul Natorp “Between the Ages”
Authors: Gooch Todd
Published: August 2019

This article seeks to provide a fuller account of the philosophy of religion of the Marburg Neo-Kantian, Paul Natorp (1854–1924), than has hitherto been available. It does so by describing important changes in Natorp’s thinking about religion between the publication of his early book, Religion innerhalb der Grenzen der Humanität (1894), and later writings in which he espouses a version of logos-mysticism strikingly at odds with the concept of a “religion of reason” put forward by his long-time Marburg colleague, Hermann Cohen (1842–1918). These differences are analyzed in relation to these two thinkers’ divergent views on philosophical systematics, and their respective experiences of the First World War.
Vitamin D Awareness and Intake in Collegiate Athletes
Authors: Leitch Bennett A. , Wilson Patrick B. , Ufholz Kelsey E. , Roemmich James N. , Orysiak Joanna , Walch Tanis J. , Short Sandra E. , Fitzgerald John S.
Published: August 2019

Leitch, BA, Wilson, PB, Ufholz, KE, Roemmich, JN, Orysiak, J, Walch, TJ, Short, SE, and Fitzgerald, JS. Vitamin D awareness and intake in collegiate athletes. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2742–2748, 2021—Poor vitamin D status is a risk factor for negative health and performance outcomes in athletes, but little is known about how athletes' awareness and beliefs about vitamin D affect their consumption of vitamin D. This observational study investigated awareness of vitamin D for health and performance among collegiate athletes and evaluated the association of vitamin D awareness with its dietary intake. Fifty-two female and 29 male Division I collegiate athletes completed an online vitamin D awareness and dietary intake questionnaire between November 1, 2015, and January 30, 2016. Median intake of vitamin D was 330 International Units (IU), which is below the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of 600 IU, but was greater in male athletes (693 IU) than female athletes (263 IU, p < 0.01). The RDA for vitamin D was met by 62% of men and 30% of women. Athletes responded that vitamin D “probably” or “definitely” will play a role in their health (88.9%) and athletic performance (71.6%). However, only 23.4 and 28.4% of athletes reported concern for their vitamin D levels or believed that they were at risk for deficiency, respectively. Results showed small-to-moderate, positive correlations (r = 0.28–0.495, p < 0.05) between aspects of vitamin D awareness and vitamin D intake, particularly with supplemental forms of vitamin D. Given the lack of awareness concerning risk of vitamin D deficiency, and the links between aspects of vitamin D awareness and vitamin D intake, nutritional education programs designed to increase vitamin D awareness in athletes may be an effective strategy to reduce deficiency.
Rancang Bangun Smarthome Menggunakan Wemos D1 R2 Arduino Compatible Berbasis ESP8266 ESP-12F
Authors: Kusuma Nurul Aditya Ayu , Yuniarti Elvan , Aziz Asrul
Published: August 2019

ABSTRAK Pemanfaatan smarthome berbasis internet banyak digunakan sebagai sarana untuk memudahkan pengontrolan. Penelitian ini memanfaatan teknologi internet dan sebuah mikrokontroler sebagai kendali otomatis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membangun perangkat lunak dan perangkat keras smarthome Wemos D1 R2 Arduino compatible berbasis ESP8266 ESP-12F. Dengan metode eksperimen dan studi pustaka, penelitian ini telah berhasil merancang bangun smarthome menggunakan Wemos D1 R2 Arduino compatible berbasis ESP8266 ESP-12F. Komponen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi: mikrokontroler Wemos D1 R2, ESP8266 ESP-12F sebagai wifi, 3 relay untuk 3 elektronik (lampu, kipas dan pengeras suara), 3 led untuk indikator 3 elektronik, resistor dan sebuah smartphone yang digunakan sebagai pengontrol elektronik melalui website. Hasil penelitian ini sudah sesuai dengan tujuannya yaitu membangun perangkat lunak dengan alamat IP yang digunakan 192.168.43.52 (setiap Wemos memiliki IP address yang berbeda-beda) dan perangkat keras dengan mensimulasikan smarthome menggunakan LED maupun alat-alat elektronika. ABSTRACT Utilization of Internet-based smarthome is widely used as a means to facilitate control. This research utilizes internet technology and a microcontroller as an automatic control. This research aims to build software and hardware smarthome Wemos D1 R2 Arduino compatible based ESP8266 ESP-12F. Using experimental and literature study methods, this research has successfully designed a smarthome build using Wemos D1 R2 Arduino compatible based on ESP8266 ESP-12F. The components used in this study includes: Wemos D1 R2 microcontroller, ESP8266 ESP-12F as wifi, 3 relays for 3 electronics (lamp, fan and loudspeaker), 3 leds for indicator 3 electronics, resistor and a smartphone used as electronic controller through the website. The results of this study are in accordance with the goal of building the software with IP addresses used 192.168.43.52 (each Wemos has a different IP address) and hardware by simulating smarthome using LED and electronic devices.
Perancangan Alat Pembacaan Meter Air PDAM Menggunakan Arduino Uno
Authors: Lestari Dewi , Yaddarabullah Yaddarabullah
Published: August 2019

Kebutuhan akan air oleh masyarakat semakin meningkat, sehingga penggunaan air yan berlebihan sering terjadi. Oleh karena itu perlu dibuatkan alat untuk pengendalian air PDAM agar penggunaan air dapat dilakukan lebih hemat dan efisien. Pada penelitian ini dibuatlah sistem pengendalian air PDAM dengan arduino uno yang menggunakan sensor flowmeter untuk pengukuran volume dan debit air, pompa air serta LCD untuk tampilan volume air dan debit air. Sehingga dapat diketahui dalam sehari berapa banyak liter air yang digunakan untuk kebutuhan hidup. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian, didapatkan nilai accurancy untuk volume sebesar 95.6% - 96.8 % yaitu dengan membandingkan nilai volume pembaca di arduino dan volume perhitungan manual dan  nilai accurancy untuk debit air adalah 95.6 %. Sehingga dapat dikatakan semakin tinggi nilai flowrate maka nilai error semakin kecil dan sebaliknya semakin rendah nilai flowrate maka nilai error semakin besar.
Identifikasi Lapisan Batuan Di Daerah Bojongsari, Depok Menggunakan Metode Geolistrik Resistivitas
Authors: Septyanto Bagus , Nafian Muhammad , Dwiningsih Nunung Isnaini
Published: August 2019

Telah dilakukan penelitian berupa identifikasi lapisan batuan dengan menggunakan konfigurasi schlumberger dan konfigurasi dipole-dipole. Setiap konfigurasi terdiri atas tiga lintasan. Hasil yang didapat dari software progress pada lintasan pertama, kedalaman yang didapat hanya 2,1 m dengan jenis batuan yang didominasi oleh tanah lanau dan batuan lapuk. Pada lintasan kedua, kedalaman yang didapat sebesar 9,2 m dengan dominasi air tanah pada kedalaman 3,6 m sampai 12,5 m. Untuk lintasan ketiga, kedalaman yang didapat sebesar 18,5 m dengan dominasi air tanah pada kedalaman 2,7 m sampai 6,2 m. Hasil yang didapat dari software RES2DINV pada setiap lintasan rata-rata terdiri dari 5 sampai 6 lapisan yang didominasi oleh tanah lanau yang mengandung pasir yang memiliki nilai resistivitas berkisar 15 Ωm – 150 Ωm, tanah lempung basah lembek yang memiliki nilai resistivitas berkisar 1,5 Ωm – 3,0 Ωm, batuan dasar terisi tanah kering yang memiliki nilai resistivitas 316.84 Ωm – 449.10 Ωm, tanah lanau basah lembek yang memiliki nilai resistivitas 3 Ωm – 15 Ωm dan batuan berkekar yang memiliki nilai resistivitas 150 Ωm – 300 Ωm.
Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Barium Heksaferit dengan Variasi Pengurangan Massa Fe2O3
Authors: Rizaldy Ryan , Saptari Sitti Ahmiatri , Adi Wisnu Ari
Published: August 2019

Barium Heksaferit berhasil disintesis dengan menggunakan metode solid state reaction, dalam upaya untuk menghasilkan fase yang tunggal, kami melakukan pengurangan massa dari Fe­2O3. Dimana kami mengurangi dengan komposisi tertentu, kami menggunakan faktor pengurangan x dengan variasi x = 1, 2, 3, dan 4. Hasil dari sintesis di karakterisasi menggunakan XRD untuk melihat fase-fase apa saja yang terbentuk. Hasil data XRD kami analisis menggunakan metode penghalusan Rietveld, dan mendapakan hasil dimana berkurangnya komposisi pengotor (dalam hal ini Fe2O3) pada hasil sintesis seiring dengan pengurangnya massa bahan baku Fe2O3
Studi Komputasi Sifat Elektronik dan Sifat Optik Fotoelektroda Titanium Dioksida (TiO2) pada Fasa Anatase dan Rutile
Authors: Yuniarti Elvan
Published: August 2019

This research focuses on photoelectric Titanium Dioxide (TiO2) as a tool for Sensitive Solar Cell Dyes (DSSC). Anatase and rutile phase. some of the things studied were: crystal structure, band structure, structural structure, photoelectric optical properties of TiO2. The method used in this study is a calculation using the DFT theory and quantum expresso software. The TiO2 cell unit has the optimal shape for the pure antase TiO2 model which has a parameter a = b 3.785 units, c = 9.514 units, α = β = γ = 90O. The average T-O bond length is 1,966 barrels. This phase has a triclinic lattice type with group space P1 (1) which has a volume unit of 136.2991 A3. The Rutile phase has a parameter a = b = 4.5593 with c = 2,958 stars with α = β = γ = 90O. The average T-O bond length is 2.77 barrels. This phase has a Triclinic lattice type with a space group P1 (1) with a volume unit of 52.44233 A3. The anatase phase of TiO2 has indirect characteristics, namely M and Г. coordinate. Based on the calculation of the large bandgap obtained at 3.2 eV. This is in accordance with the data experiment. The energy of the band tape must be greater than the minimum energy needed for the redox reaction in the dye. While the characteristics of the ribbon emphasize the value of the absorption coefficient in light and the rate of electron recombination. Materials with direct band gab have high combination coefficients but with high combination levels. This greatly influences the DSSC efficiency value. TIO2 Rutile phase has a direct property of 3.5 eV for potential Hubbard energy U + 7. This value is closed to the experiment result.
Pemodelan 2-Dimensi dan 3-Dimensi Penyebaran Bijih Besi Menggunakan Data Resistivitas dan IP di Daerah “A” Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan
Authors: Harum Siva Dwi , Yuniarti Elvan , Haryanto Dwi
Published: August 2019

Sulawesi Island is composed of complex tectonic arrangements. Most earthquake activities in Sulawesi are affected by the Palu - Koro Fault and Matano Fault. Palu - Koro Fault and Matano Fault are one of the faults in Central Sulawesi. Active movement of the fault results in high earthquake activity in the region of Central Sulawesi and its surroundings. This makes the importance of earthquake parameters in Central Sulawesi and surrounding areas. One of the efforts to find out earthquake parameter information accurately is to relocate. The purpose of this study was to conduct hypocenter earthquake relocation and determine the 1-D velocity structure of P waves in Central and surrounding areas using the Coupled Velocity - Hypocenter method with Velest 3.3 software. The data used are tectonic earthquake data from November 2009 to March 2018, data recording stations, and initial speed data. The results of data processing using the Velest 3.3 software are that some of the results of the relocation are close to fault, the final Vp at a depth of 9 km is slower than the initial Vp, the correction of the station obtained in this calculation is in the interval -0.81 to +0.54.
Analisis Respon Sistem Kendali LQR (Linear Quadratic Regulator) Pada Simulasi Gimbal Kamera Dua Sumbu
Authors: Syahna Qalisha Putri , Yuniarti Elvan , Kurniawan Edi
Published: August 2019

Research has been conducted to analyzed the responses of the two axis camera gimbal control system for pitch and roll direction using the Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) control system. It focused on the effect from the value of gain Q in calculation of the LQR. The system output was plotted into a step signal so it will be analyzed with transient response method and plotted into sinusoidal signals to find the amplitude value along with the amplitude time. For comparison, the PID control system with the auto-tuning method was also used in this study. It has been done in order to find out whether the LQR control system is more appropriate to use in the two axis camera gimbal system or not. The result from the analysis of the variation of the Q value given at both angles is that the system runs stable when the value of P= 4 for roll angle and P= 6 for pitch angle. For the effect from value of gain Q on the whole system is it will make the output significally changed when the P=1-10. While the results of the comparison can prove that the LQR control system has a better system responses.
Diagnosogenic thinking in speech-language pathology and some viable alternatives
Authors: Duchan Judith Felson
Published: August 2019

Diagnosis has long played a central role in the field of speech-language pathology. It governs how clinicians define what they do, who they work with, and how they carry out their practice. Diagnosis also impacts individual clients, often negatively. In this sense, our field can be characterized as diagnosogenetic. This article describes the historical role diagnosis has played in the field since the late nineteenth century, argues how diagnosogenic thinking can be probematic, and offers alternative ways of construing and executing our clinical practices.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and nocturnal epilepsy with tonic seizures
Authors: Bialasiewicz Piotr , Nowak Dariusz
Published: August 2019

Some ambiguous symptoms may delay or lead to an erroneous diagnosis. We present a case of pure sleep, generalized tonic seizures in a patient with concomitant sleep apnea syndrome. The prolonged apneic periods with tonic muscle contracture lasting minutes and occurring exclusively at night with ensuing confusional state posed diagnostic difficulties because of the negative EEG at the beginning of the workup and the absence of other epilepsy symptoms (i.e. clonic phase, tongue biting, enuresis, seizures while awake). Numerous apneas on polysomnography led to the diagnosis of sleep apnea syndrome. No effect of continuous positive airways pressure (CPAP) treatment on frequency of the nocturnal tonic epileptic fits and the repetitive character of the clinical presentation combined with the typical pathologic changes on subsequent EEGs permitted to suggest the epileptic nature of the paroxysmal events. Episodes stopped following administration of clonazepam. However, spontaneous, coincidental remission of seizures cannot be excluded since the patient remained seizure free even after discontinuation of the drug.
Hemispherectomy: a basis for mental development in children with epilepsy
Authors: van Schooneveld Monique M.J. , Jennekens‐Schinkel Aag , van Rijen Peter C. , Braun Kees P.J. , van Nieuwenhuizen Onno ,   Dutch Collaborative Epilepsy Surgery Programme (DuCESP)
Published: August 2019

Objective

To detect change in mental development or intelligence over two years following hemispherectomy in children with pharmacologically intractable epilepsy.

Participants

Seventeen infants and preschoolers (median age at epilepsy onset of 0.0 years and at hemispherectomy 1.5 years; epilepsy duration of 0.2‐2.6 years) and 12 older children (median age at onset of 1.0 year and at hemispherectomy 8.3 years; epilepsy duration of 1.1‐11.7 years) with pharmacologically intractable seizures due to developmental, acquired or progressive pathology.

Methods

Prospective study with consecutive inclusion of children, fixed assessment intervals (shortly before and 6, 12 and 24 months after hemispherectomy) and assessment using developmental scales and intelligence scales. Dependent variables included mental developmental index (MDI), mental age (MA) and mental developmental delay (MDD) in younger children and intelligence quotient (IQ) in older children.

Results

Mental development had arrested or deteriorated prior to hemispherectomy in 14 children (82%) assessed with developmental scales. In 14 children, it was not possible to more precisely determine MDI than “below the lowest MDI that the test manual provided” either before or after hemispherectomy. MA, however, increased in 16 children. Overall, IQ changed negligibly over two years after hemispherectomy, although an individual approach revealed variability. Children with Rasmussen encephalitis did not recover from the significant presurgical deterioration of intelligence.

Conclusion

Removal of the affected hemisphere enables epileptic children, even those with severe mental delay, to further develop mentally.
Benign childhood seizure susceptibility syndrome: three case reports
Authors: Caraballo Roberto Horacio , Aldao María del Rosario , Cachia Pedro
Published: August 2019

In this study, we describe three patients who each had two different forms of idiopathic focal epilepsiy. Two of these patients had electroclinical features compatible with Panayiotopoulos syndrome and benign childhood epilepsy with centro‐temporal spikes (BCECTS), one of whom developed a particular electroclinical picture of atypical benign focal epilepsy and the other an atypical evolution characterized by verbal auditory agnosia and aphasia. The third patient had clinical and electroencephalographic features of BCECTS and of idiopathic childhood occipital epilepsy (Gastaut type) which evolved into electroclinical features of continuous spikes and waves during slow sleep (CSWS). All three patients presented with two focal idiopathic epilepsies with a particular evolution associated with CSWS, supporting the concept of benign childhood seizure susceptibility syndrome as described by Panayiotopoulos (1993).
Non‐convulsive status epilepticus of frontal origin as the first manifestation of Hashimoto's encephalopathy
Authors: Monti Giulia , Pugnaghi Matteo , Ariatti Alessandra , Mirandola Laura , Giovannini Giada , Scacchetti Silvia , Nichelli Paolo , Meletti Stefano
Published: August 2019

Hashimoto's encephalopathy is an often misdiagnosed, life threatening, but treatable, condition which improves promptly with steroid therapy. Since clinical manifestations are heterogeneous and non‐specific, the diagnosis is often difficult. Several case reports of Hashimoto's encephalopathy presenting with partial or generalised seizures are described, but only a few have focused on status epilepticus as the first clinical manifestation. We report two patients presenting with repetitive and prolonged seizures characterised by progressive reduction in contact and reactivity associated with frontal/diffuse polyspike‐and‐wave activities. This condition, which can be interpreted as a form of non‐convulsive status epilepticus (NCSE) of frontal origin, was refractory to antiepileptic drugs but responded promptly to high doses of intravenous steroid treatment. In cases of unexplained encephalopathy with EEG documentation of NCSE, the early recognition and treatment of Hashimoto's encephalopathy may lead to a favourable prognosis. [Published with video sequences]
Sensitivity of scalp 10‐20 EEG and magnetoencephalography
Authors: Kakisaka Yosuke , Alkawadri Rafeed , Wang Zhong I , Enatsu Rei , Mosher John C , Dubarry Anne‐Sophie , Alexopoulos Andreas V , Burgess Richard C
Published: August 2019

Although previous studies have investigated the sensitivity of electroencephalography (EEG) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) to detect spikes by comparing simultaneous recordings, there are no published reports that focus on the relationship between spike dipole orientation or sensitivity of scalp EEG/MEG and the “gold standard” of intracranial recording (stereotactic EEG). We evaluated two patients with focal epilepsy; one with lateral temporal focus and the other with insular focus. Two MEG recordings were performed for both patients, each recorded simultaneously with initially scalp EEG, based on international 10‐20 electrode placement with additional electrodes for anterior temporal regions, and subsequently stereotactic EEG. Localisation of MEG spike dipoles from both studies was concordant and all MEG spikes were detected by stereotactic EEG. For the patient with lateral temporal epilepsy, spike sensitivity of MEG and scalp EEG (relative to stereotactic EEG) was 55 and 0%, respectively. Of note, in this case, MEG spike dipoles were oriented tangentially to scalp surface in a tight cluster; the angle of the spike dipole to the vertical line was 3.6 degrees. For the patient with insular epilepsy, spike sensitivity of MEG and scalp EEG (relative to stereotactic EEG) was 83 and 44%, respectively; the angle of the spike dipole to the vertical line was 45.3 degrees. For the patient with lateral temporal epilepsy, tangential spikes from the lateral temporal cortex were difficult to detect based on scalp 10‐20 EEG and for the patient with insular epilepsy, it was possible to evaluate operculum insular sources using MEG. We believe that these findings may be important for the interpretation of clinical EEG and MEG.
Short‐term efficacy and tolerability of rufinamide adjunctive therapy in children with refractory generalised epilepsy
Authors: Kim Se Hee , Lee Jeong Ho , Ryu Hye Won , Lim Byung Chan , Chae Jong Hee , Choi Ji Eun , Hwang Yong Seoung , Kim Ki Joong
Published: August 2019

We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of rufinamide adjunctive therapy in children with refractory generalised epilepsy. The study cohort consisted of 20 patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome, 5 with Dravet syndrome, and 28 with unclassified refractory generalised epilepsy. Patients with more than 50% seizure reduction at three and six months were defined as responders. The overall response rate was 37.7% at three months and 34.0% at six months. At three months, patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (40.0%) and epilepsy with spasms/tonic seizures (38.5%) showed higher response rates than those with Dravet syndrome (20.0%) and epilepsy with myoclonic seizures (20.0%). High response rates in patients with Lennox‐Gastaut syndrome (30.0%) and epilepsy with spasms/tonic seizures (38.5%) were sustained throughout the six‐month study. The accuracy of, and differences between, responder rates should, however, be interpreted with caution due to the small number of patients. Overall, rufinamide appeared to be effective and reasonably well tolerated in this group of children with refractory generalised epilepsies, although a subgroup of patients with Dravet syndrome and epilepsy with myoclonic seizures were less responsive to rufinamide treatment.
Oxcarbazepine‐induced myoclonic status epilepticus in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy
Authors: Fanella Martina , Egeo Gabriella , Fattouch Jinane , Casciato Sara , Lapenta Leonardo , Morano Alessandra , Giallonardo Anna Teresa , Di Bonaventura Carlo
Published: August 2019

Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) is a frequent idiopathic generalised epilepsy syndrome with typical clinical and EEG features that can usually be controlled by valproate monotherapy. JME may be under‐diagnosed or misdiagnosed; in the latter case, it may be mistaken for partial epilepsy. The incorrect diagnosis of JME is likely to result in inappropriate therapy, which may, in turn, worsen the seizures. While a number of studies have documented that carbamazepine aggravates idiopathic generalised epilepsy, few have shown a worsening of symptoms following the administration of oxcarbazepine (OXC). We report the case of a 44‐year‐old male affected by JME in which the inappropriate use of OXC precipitated a dramatic worsening of myoclonic seizures. In this case, video‐EEG monitoring documented myoclonic status epilepticus with positive and negative myoclonus, correlating with repetitive, continuous, rhythmic, generalised polyspike‐and‐wave discharges. This is the first case of myoclonic status epilepticus induced by OXC in a patient with JME which is clearly documented by video‐EEG. A review of the literature with regards to OXC‐induced worsening of seizures is also presented. [Published with video sequences]
Self‐reported quality of life in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy: correlation with clinical variables and memory evaluation
Authors: Alonso‐Vanegas Mario Arturo , Cisneros‐Franco José Miguel , Castillo‐Montoya Carlos , Martínez‐Rosas Alma Rosa , Gómez‐Pérez María Esther , Rubio‐Donnadieu Francisco
Published: August 2019

Aim

This work explores the effects of clinical variables on self‐reported quality of life (QoL) in pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), correlating this information with results from the Quality of Life in Epilepsy questionnaire (QOLIE‐31) and selective memory tests of the Barcelona Battery and the Rey‐Osterrieth figure.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed the records of 60 TLE patients and correlated patient variables (e.g. gender, aetiology; mesial TLE with hippocampal sclerosis [HS] versus lesional TLE, side of ictal onset, age, age at onset, duration of epilepsy, seizure frequency, and use of AEDs) with selective memory test scores and self‐reported QoL.

Results

Right ictal onset was associated with lower emotional well‐being scores. MTLE‐HS patients had lower QOLIE‐31 scores for seizure worry, social function, overall QoL, energy/fatigue, cognitive function, and obtained a lower overall score, compared to those with lesional TLE. Older age at epilepsy onset was associated with worse emotional well‐being, energy/fatigue, medication effects, and seizure worry outcomes. Higher seizure frequency and older age at time of evaluation were associated with lower cognitive function scores. Generalised seizures were associated with lower scores based on the variables: seizure worry, overall quality of life, emotional well‐being, and cognitive function. Regarding memory tests, only visuospatial memory correlated positively with cognitive function score. Patients with MTLE‐HS underwent evaluation for pharmacoresistant epilepsy, on average, 10 years later than those with lesional TLE.

Conclusions

MTLE‐HS, right‐sided epileptogenic zone, late onset, and higher seizure frequency were associated with worse QoL. Objective testing revealed specific memory deficits that were not reflected in self‐reported QoL scores.
Can ACTH therapy improve the long‐term outcome of drug‐resistant frontal lobe epilepsy?
Authors: Gobbi Giuseppe , Loiacono Giulia , Boni Antonella , Marangio Lucia , Verrotti Alberto
Published: August 2019

Frontal lobe epilepsy is a common focal epilepsy in children and is often difficult to treat. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or steroids have been used for patients with several forms of medically intractable epilepsy. We evaluated the short, medium, and long‐term evolution of patients with frontal lobe epilepsy and secondary bilateral synchrony on the EEG, who received ACTH treatment. Patients were recruited for an add‐on trial during clinical practice, and data was retrospectively analysed. The study group comprised 6 patients treated with ACTH. The effects of ACTH were assessed in the short term (at the end of a 6‐week period of ACTH treatment), medium term (at 6 months after the end of treatment), and long term (at 12 months after the end of treatment). At short‐term follow‐up, ACTH treatment was effective for all types of seizures in 5 of 6 patients and ineffective in 1 patient. All patients who were seizure‐free at the end of ACTH treatment maintained an excellent outcome, remaining seizure‐free at the end of follow‐up. Our study demonstrates that ACTH may represent an effective treatment for frontal lobe epilepsy with secondary bilateral synchrony. Further double‐blind prospective studies are required to confirm our initial findings.
“Paradoxical” EEG response to propofol may differentiate post‐cardiac arrest non‐convulsive status epilepticus from diffuse irreversible cerebral anoxia
Authors: Koutroumanidis Michalis , Sakellariou Dimitris , Tsirka Vasiliki
Published: August 2019

Current EEG criteria for the diagnosis of non‐convulsive status epilepticus in critically ill patients with repetitive generalised or focal epileptiform discharges primarily rely on a widely accepted low cut‐off frequency limit of 2.5–3 Hz for non‐evolving patterns, or on discharge evolution of frequency, location or mophology. The secondary criterion is a significant clinical or EEG improvement following acute administration of a rapidly acting antiepileptic drug, such as lorazepam.

We describe a comatose patient after out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest, in whom very slow (1‐Hz), non‐evolving generalised periodic epileptiform discharges against an almost completely depressed background would suggest substantial anoxic damage and poor neurological outcome. Yet, reloading with propofol for diagnostic purposes completely dispersed generalised periodic epileptiform discharges and revealed previously absent biological activity, raising the possibility of non‐convulsive status epilepticus that was subsequently confirmed. Brain MRI showed no significant anoxic brain damage and EEG improved, but the patient died from severe cardiopulmonary complications. These observations suggest that in rare cases, slow, non‐evolving generalised periodic epileptiform discharges may reflect non‐convulsive status epilepticus rather than diffuse irreversible cerebral anoxia, while reloading with propofol can be used as an additional secondary diagnostic criterion.
Concept of epilepsy surgery and presurgical evaluation
Authors: Rathore Chaturbhuj , Radhakrishnan Kurupath
Published: August 2019

Epilepsy surgery is a well‐accepted treatment for drug‐resistant epilepsy. The success of the epilepsy surgery depends upon an appropriate presurgical evaluation process which should ensure the selection of suitable patients who are likely to become seizure‐free following surgery without any unacceptable deficit. The two basic goals of the presurgical evaluation are the accurate localization and delineation of the extent of the epileptogenic zone, and its complete and safe resection. The process of the presurgical evaluation requires a multimodality approach wherein each modality provides unique and complimentary information which is combined with the information provided by other modalities to generate a hypothesis with regard to the likely epileptogenic zone. The basic modalities for the presurgical evaluation are clinical history, long‐term video‐EEG recording, high‐resolution MRI, and neuropsychological evaluation. The additional modalities include functional imaging studies, electrical and magnetic source imaging, functional MRI, and intracranial monitoring. Each modality has its own limitations and the information provided by none of them is absolute. Hence, a concordance among the different modalities is the key to surgical success. The presurgical evaluation is a step‐wise process starting form the most basic and most reliable tests and progressing to more complex and invasive modalities. The number of tests required varies according to the complexity involved and may include very basic minimum investigations in a given case, to the use of all the available investigations in more complex cases. The proper selection of various investigations and their accurate interpretation at each stage is required to ensure a successful outcome. In this article, we intend to review some of these basic concepts of presurgical evaluation and epilepsy surgery, and try to provide a frame work of the presurgical evaluation process.
Efficacy and safety of lacosamide as an adjunctive therapy for refractory focal epilepsy in paediatric patients: a retrospective single‐centre study
Authors: Toupin Jean‐François , Lortie Anne , Major Philippe , Diadori Paola , Vanasse Michel , Rossignol Elsa , D'Anjou Guy , Perreault Sebastien , Larbrisseau Albert , Carmant Lionel , Birca Ala
Published: August 2019

Aim. Lacosamide is an antiepileptic drug approved for the treatment of focal epilepsy in adult patients. The aim of this observational study was to review our centre's experience with lacosamide and to characterize its effectiveness and tolerability as an adjunctive antiepileptic drug in a retrospective cohort of children with refractory focal epilepsy.

Methods. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 22 patients who received lacosamide from November 2009 to April 2014 at the CHU Ste‐Justine, University of Montreal. Treatment responders were defined as children with a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency compared to baseline, and this was determined three months after the initiation of treatment and at the last follow‐up visit.

Results. We included 14 boys and eight girls with a mean age of 12.9 years (SD: 5.2; range: 5.2–20.7 years) at the initiation of treatment. The average length of follow‐up was 11.9 months. Patients had previously received an average of 7.5 antiepileptic drugs. The mean number of concomitant antiepileptic drugs was 2.3. The mean initial and maintenance doses were 2.9 and 8.4 mg/kg/d, respectively. Thirteen (59%) and ten (45%) patients were responders after three months of treatment and at the last follow‐up visit, respectively. One became seizure‐free. Adverse effects were reported in 11 patients and none were severe. Responders and non‐responders were identical with respect to all studied parameters except gender, with the proportion of responders being greater in girls than in boys (75% vs 29%; p=0.035).

Conclusion. Our study adds evidence that lacosamide appears to be a safe and effective adjunctive therapy for children with refractory focal epilepsy.
The history of progressive myoclonus epilepsies
Authors: Genton Pierre , Striano Pasquale , Minassian Berge A.
Published: August 2019

The history of the progressive myoclonus epilepsies (PMEs) spans more than a century. However, the recent history of PMEs begins with a consensus statement published in the wake of the Marseille PME workshop in 1989 (Marseille Consensus Group, ). This consensus helped define the various types of PME known at the time and set the agenda for a new era of genetic research which soon lead to the discovery of many PME genes. Prior to the Marseille meeting, and before the molecular era, there had been much confusion and controversy. Because investigators had but limited and biased experience with these rare disorders due to the uneven, skewed distribution of PMEs around the world, opinions and nosologies were based on local expertise which did not match well with the experiences of other researchers and clinicians. The three major areas of focus included: (1) the nature and limits of the concept of PME in varying scopes, which was greatly debated; (2) the description of discrete clinical entities by clinicians; and (3) the description of markers (pathological, biological, neurophysiological, etc.) which could lead to a precise diagnosis of a given PME type, with, in the best cases, a reliable correlation with clinical findings. In this article, we shall also examine the breakthroughs achieved in the wake of the 1989 Marseille meeting and recent history in the field, following the identification of several PME genes. As in other domains, the molecular and genetic approach has challenged some established concepts and has led to the description of new PME types. However, as may already be noted, this approach has also confirmed the existence of the major, established types of PME, which can now be considered as true diseases.