bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bağlam Temelli Öğrenme Yaklaşımının Öğretmen Adaylarının Nanoteknoloji Konusunu Anlamaları Üzerindeki Etkisi
Authors: DEMİRCİOĞLU Hülya , ÖZDEMİR Rabia
Published: November 2019

Bu çalışmanın amacı, bağlam temelli öğrenme
yaklaşımının fen bilgisi ve kimya öğretmen adaylarının nanoteknoloji konusunu
anlamaları üzerindeki etkisini tespit etmektir. Çalışma, 4. sınıf Fen Bilgisi
(21) ve 4. Sınıf Kimya (10) öğretmen adayları ile yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada,
yarı deneysel yöntem kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak “Nanoteknoloji Testi”
ve anket kullanılmıştır. Fen Bilgisi ve Kimya öğretmen adaylarının
nanoteknoloji konusu hakkında ön bilgilerinin denk olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Son
testte de öğretmen adaylarının konu hakkında anlamaları arasında anlamlı fark
olmadığı görülmüştür. Testten elde edilen verilere göre, nanoteknoloji
konusunun öğretiminde kullanılan bağlam temelli öğrenme yaklaşımının her iki
grup için de etkili olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre,
çalışmada kullanılan materyallerin ilgi çekici ve konunun anlaşılmasında
faydalı olduğu görüşleri ortaya çıkmıştır.
Using Arduino in Physics Teaching: Arduino-based Physics Experiment to Study Temperature Dependence of Electrical Resistance
Authors: SARI Uğur , KIRINDI Talip
Published: November 2019

Nowadays, the rapid
developments in science and technology have an impact on education as well as
on all gear units. The integration of technology into the education process
offers effective opportunities, particularly in the fields of STEM (Science,
Technology, Engineering and Mathematics). In this context, Arduino platform has
started to be used as a low cost, easy to use microcontroller in physics
teaching. In this study, an Arduino-based physics experiment that can be used
in physics laboratories was designed. We have used Arduino platform to study
temperature dependence of electrical resistance and to define the temperature
coefficient for a conductor. Experimental data were collected using the Arduino
ohmmeter and a temperature sensor. The resistance-temperature curve obtained is
in the expected character and the temperature coefficient is in the expected
value. With this experiment, the student can easily observe the temperature
change of the conductor's resistance and calculate the temperature coefficient
of the resistance. The Arduino-based apparatus is presented as a simple and low
cost alternative to physics laboratories.
Motivation Scale for STEM Fields
Authors: KIZILAY Esra , YAMAK Havva , KAVAK Nusret
Published: November 2019

In
this study, it is aimed to develop a measurement tool to be used to determine
the motivation of high school students towards STEM fields. 29-item motivation
scale trial form for STEM fields was applied to 462 high school students in
their 2016-2017 academic years, studying in four schools of Kayseri. Exploratory
Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was performed for
the construct validity through the data set obtained from the study group.
According to the results of Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), it was
determined that the scale consisted of 22 items and 4 sub-dimensions. Scale
subdimensions were named as: confidence, relevance, attention, satisfaction. It
was determined that the four-factor structure related to the scale explained
78% of the total variance. The Cronbach alpha coefficient was 97 for the whole
scale.
Inventarios e índices de diversidad agrícola en fincas campesinas de dos municipios del Valle del Cauca, Colombia
Authors: Salazar Villarreal Myriam del Carmen , Vallejo Cabrera Franco Alirio , Salazar Villarreal Fredy Antonio
Published: November 2019

Con el objetivo de conocer la diversidad de especies y variedades manejadas a nivel de finca por los agricultores de 2 municipios del Valle del Cauca, Colombia y el uso que las familias le dan a estas, se realizaron inventarios de agrobiodiversidad y se estimaron índices de riqueza y abundancia de dichas especies.  Se evaluaron siete fincas de las veredas El Diamante, Alto del Oso y San Pablo en el Municipio de Restrepo y dos fincas en los corregimientos Fenicia y Puerto Fenicia, en el Municipio de Riofrío. Los inventarios e índices evaluados en los dos municipios muestran que existe gran riqueza y abundancia específica, y que no hay especies dominantes. Los inventarios de agrobiodiversidad y la aplicación de índices se deben constituir como herramientas indispensables para el diseño de la estructura de los sistemas sostenibles como clara estrategias para la mitigación al cambio climático basados en el uso y manejo de la agrobiodiversidad local y la generación de medios de vida para los agricultores, y como aporte para la seguridad y soberanía alimentaria.
Estudio tÃ©cnico y econÃ³mico de la instalaciÃ³n de aerogeneradores para suministrar energÃ­a elÃ©ctrica a las viviendas del centro poblado Playa Blanca â€“ Piura
Authors: Iglesias Yordy , SÃ¡nchez Huertas Carlos , De la Rosa Bocanegra Felipe
Published: November 2019

Este artÃ­culo orienta sobre el estudio tÃ©cnico y econÃ³mico de la instalaciÃ³n de aerogeneradores para el suministro de energÃ­a elÃ©ctrica a las viviendas del centro poblado de Playa Blanca â€“ Sechura â€“Piura, el parque eÃ³lico cuenta con 3 aerogeneradores de 5 KW de potencia unitaria con una potencia total instalada de 15 KW. La energÃ­a elÃ©ctrica generada anual es 93.3 MWh, ahorrando 57.38 Toneladas CO  por cada aÃ±o, esta energÃ­a elÃ©ctrica generada servirÃ¡ para electriï€car al centro poblado Playa Blanca con una poblaciÃ³n aproximada de 260 habitantes.

Este artÃ­culo se iniciÃ³ con el estudio de la velocidad del viento tomando mediciones con un anemÃ³metro digital para determinar el potencial eÃ³lico con el que cuenta la zona, tambiÃ©n para realizar una Ã³ptima selecciÃ³n de la ubicaciÃ³n de cada aerogenerador. Posteriormente se desarrollÃ³ un estudio de mercadeo encuestando a la poblaciÃ³n para determinar la mÃ¡xima demanda de energÃ­a elÃ©ctrica en el centro poblado, a continuaciÃ³n de los datos obtenidos se procediÃ³ al cÃ¡lculo de la potencia de la turbina eÃ³lica, radio del rotor, altura de la torre, selecciÃ³n de los parÃ¡metros del perï€l aerodinÃ¡mico, los cuales sirvieron para realizar el diseÃ±o en el software SolidWorks.

Conocidos los resultados de los cÃ¡lculos se realizÃ³ una evaluaciÃ³n econÃ³mica considerando el costo de construir y operar estas turbinas eÃ³licas durante un determinado tiempo y el ahorro de huella de carbono por generaciÃ³n de energÃ­a elÃ©ctrica con fuentes renovables.

Finalmente se concluye que el parque eÃ³lico requiere una inversiÃ³n de 336 066.76 S/ por lo cual se determinÃ³ que es viable tÃ©cnica y econÃ³micamente, recomendando un respectivo plan de mantenimiento para alargar la vida Ãºtil de los equipos.
PreparaciÃ³n del recurso humano para la ejecuciÃ³n de la inversiÃ³n pÃºblica en el Gobierno Regional La Libertad-2014
Authors: Lescano San MartÃ­n Luis Alfonso , Vergara GarcÃ­a Javier Heli
Published: November 2019

La presente investigaciÃ³n, titulada PREPARACIÃ“N DEL RECURSO HUMANO PARA LA EJECUCIÃ“N DE LA INVERSIÃ“N PÃšBLICA EN EL GOBIERNO REGIONAL DE LA LIBERTAD-2014, se centra en el problema de los empirismos aplicativos, deï€ciencias, incumplimientos y carencias que afectan al recurso humano encargado de la formulaciÃ³n, evaluaciÃ³n y gestiÃ³n de los proyectos de inversiÃ³n pÃºblica en el Gobierno Regional La Libertad, la cual presentÃ³ un avance en la ejecuciÃ³n de inversiones del 65,1% en el aÃ±o 2014 (cifras del MEF), solamente delante del Gobierno Regional de Ancash, ocupando el puesto 25 a nivel nacional; con el agravante que de los diez distritos con mayor incidencia de pobreza total a nivel nacional, cinco se encuentran en la RegiÃ³n La Libertad (datos del INEI). Esta investigaciÃ³n concluye en que la competencia del recurso humano para la ejecuciÃ³n de la inversiÃ³n pÃºblica en el Gobierno Regional La Libertad en un 67,2% es negativa, porque ese es el promedio integral de resultados de las caliï€caciones negativas que comprende los empirismos aplicativos de los responsables, a las deï€ciencias en las actividades desarrolladas, a los incumplimientos de las normas tÃ©cnicas y a las carencias de los recursos. De manera general esta investigaciÃ³n recomienda que el recurso humano que estÃ¡ involucrado en la ejecuciÃ³n de la inversiÃ³n pÃºblica en el Gobierno Regional La Libertad debe emprender acciones que logren mejorar: los conocimientos de los responsables, la eï€ciencia de sus actividades desarrolladas, el cumplimiento de las normas tÃ©cnicas y la asignaciÃ³n y disponibilidad de los recursos.
Atributos PNCC para reconocimiento robusto de locutor independiente del texto
Authors: Anacleto Silva Harry
Published: November 2019

El reconocimiento automÃ¡tico de locutores ha sido sujeto de intensa investigaciÃ³n durante toda la dÃ©cada pasada. Sin embargo las caracterÃ­sticas, del estado de arte de los algoritmos son drÃ¡sticamente degradados en presencia de ruido. Este artÃ­culo se centra en la aplicaciÃ³n de una nueva tÃ©cnica llamada Power-Normalized Cepstral Coefï€cients (PNCC) para el reconocimiento de locutor independiente del texto. El objetivo de este estudio es evaluar las caracterÃ­sticas de esta tÃ©cnica en comparaciÃ³n con la tÃ©cnica convencional Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefï€cients (MFCC) y la tÃ©cnica Gammatone Frequency Cepstral Coefï€cients (GFCC).
Sistema web mÃ³vil de consulta hotelera/turÃ­stica para mejorar la difusiÃ³n de hoteles y hospedajes en la ciudad de Trujillo.
Authors: DÃ­az Minaya Max Jasson
Published: November 2019

En la presente InvestigaciÃ³n se estudiÃ³ el desarrollo de una Web MÃ³vil que tuvo como ï€nalidad mejorar la difusiÃ³n de hoteles y hospedajes de la ciudad de Trujillo. Se realizÃ³ un sistema web, el cual estuvo orientado a la bÃºsqueda de hoteles y hospedajes, ademÃ¡s; de herramientas necesarias para valorar y realizar comentarios sobre el hotel seleccionado. Se realizÃ³ una investigaciÃ³n pre-experimental. Se tomÃ³ como poblaciÃ³n de estudio 35 personas las cuales son Turistas de nuestra ciudad, de esta poblaciÃ³n se extrajo una muestra de 32 personas a las cuales se les realizÃ³ una encuesta. Se aplicÃ³ la prueba de Normalidad de Shapiro Wilk que nos dio como resultado aplicar la prueba T para la contrataciÃ³n de las hipÃ³tesis y como metodologÃ­a de desarrollo ICONIX, puesto que fue evaluada por expertos y dio como resultado que es la mejor a utilizar. AdemÃ¡s despuÃ©s de la implementaciÃ³n del sistema se logrÃ³ incrementar el nivel de la difusiÃ³n en un 15%, es decir llegando a 71.4%, ademÃ¡s se incrementÃ³ el nivel de satisfacciÃ³n del turista encuestado con respecto a la difusiÃ³n hotelera incrementando de un 55.6% al 72.2%, tambiÃ©n se logrÃ³ un incremento de 12.4%, subiendo de un 57.6% hasta el 70% del nivel del conocimiento del turista. Finalmente se concluye que con la implementaciÃ³n del sistema web se mejorÃ³ signiï€cativamente difusiÃ³n de hoteles y hospedajes en la ciudad de Trujillo.

Palabras clave: DifusiÃ³n, Turismo, Sistema Web.
The association between post traumatic amnesia and visual photosensitivity in mild traumatic brain injury
Authors: Das Matuli , Das Narendra Kumar
Published: November 2019

Background: Visual symptoms are a common occurrence following mTBI. Among visual symptoms, Visual photosensitivity is a frequent manifestation post mTBI, which can disrupt the normal lifestyle of any individual resulting in social and professional distress. Post traumatic amnesia is one of the markers of severity in mTBI. Authors have studied the association between visual photosensitivity and post traumatic amnesia following mTBI. The aim of this study is to find out the association between Visual Photosensitivity and post traumatic amnesia in patients with mild traumatic brain injury.Methods: Hospital based prospective, analytical, observational study. A total of 300 patients with the diagnosis of mTBI were studied. Diagnosis of mTBI was based on the WHO Operational criteria for clinical identification of mTBI.VLSQ-8 Questionnaire was used in this study to diagnose and monitor the progress of visual photosensitivity in patients with mTBI. The Galveston Orientation and Amnesia Test (GOAT) was applied to assess post traumatic amnesia. The study period was from July 2017 to March 2019. Each patient with mTBI who developed visual photosensitivity was followed up for 1 year after the appearance of their symptoms.Results: Thus the main observations of this study were (i) There is a strong possibility of developing visual photosensitivity among the group of patients who presented with the history of post traumatic amnesia following mild traumatic brain injury (p=0.0008)(ii) if a patient with mild traumatic brain injury suffers from visual photosensitivity, possibility of his/her symptoms persisting beyond 6 months increases significantly if there is history of post traumatic amnesia (p=0.0001).Conclusions: This result will help in providing information regarding prognosis of visual photosensitivity following mild traumatic brain injury.
Factors for nonadherence to first line art therapy in a cohort of Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive adult patients
Authors: H. Sivaranjani , Patel Harsha V. , S. Meghana B.
Published: November 2019

Background: Antiretroviral therapy is one of the reasons for falling trend of HIV epidemic at present. The clinical efficacy, toxicity and reasons for failure of first line ART is understudied. This study aimed to determine the frequency rates and reasons for discontinuation of first line ART in a cohort of HIV positive adult patients.Methods: Cross sectional study was conducted on 11,968 patients of HIV registered at Victoria Hospital ART centre from 2011 to 2017. Using a structured proforma, relevant information was collected from patients taking first line ART. Descriptive statistics was used for analysing the results obtained.Results: Total 11,968 HIV patients were registered at ART centre during our study period of which only 4,008 patients were taking ART among them, 167 patients were referred for initiation of 2nd line ART. After evaluation 28 were continued on First line,1 opted out, 20 were transferred out,1 discontinued treatment, 17 died, 14 were lost to follow up, 5 were excluded from the study and only 81 patients were started on second line ART. Failure rate of first line ART in our study was 2.02%. Immunological failure followed by clinical failure were the most common reasons for changeover in this study. Tuberculosis was the most common comorbid disease in this study.Conclusions: First line ART is very effective and well tolerated and has a low failure rate. Low CD4 count, anaemia, raised ALP, low albumin were among the factors associated with treatment failure. WHO staging did not correlate with the treatment failure, recommended routine viral load monitoring for assessing treatment failure.
Analysis of money supply Indonesia: The vector autoregression model approach
Authors: Rachman M. Aulia
Published: November 2019

Endogenous money is a major component of the Post Keynesian economy. This refers to the theory that the existence of money in an economy is driven by real economic upheaval. In this study examines the effect of macroeconomic variables on the amount of money in circulation in Indonesia during the period of global economic recession in 2008 and 2016. The analytical tool used was the Vector Autoregression (VAR) in the period January 2006 - July 2016. From the results of the study, that the variable Amount Money Supply, BI Rate, Exchange Rates, Government Revenues and Inflation have a long-term cointegration relationship. VAR estimation results in the short run show that M2 and BI Rate have a positive effect on M2 movement, Government Revenues and Inflation have a negative effect on M2.
Competitiveness and structural change in Salatiga economy
Authors: Rofiuddin Mohammad
Published: November 2019

The era of globalization has forced all regions at an increasingly fierce and sharp level of competition, both directly and indirectly, both in the domestic and international markets. One approach to overcoming these challenges is through a regional development that refers to increasing regional competitiveness as the basis for regional growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the leading sectors and shift in the share of economic sectors in Salatiga. The analytical method used in this research is the Estaban Marquillas Shift-Share (SS) analysis. The results showed that the sectors that had competitive advantages and specialization were as follows: (i) 2013, namely Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling, Construction, Wholesale and Retail Trade; Car and Motorcycle Repair, Transportation and Warehousing, and Real Estate; (ii) in 2017, namely the Provision of Accommodation and Food and Beverage, Corporate Services, and Educational Services. Besides that, in Salatiga City, it can be said that the economic structure has shifted, namely Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries; Processing industry; Electricity and Gas Procurement; Water Supply, Waste Management, Waste and Recycling; Construction; Wholesale and retail trade; Car and Motorcycle Repair; Transportation and Warehousing; Provision of Accommodation and Food and Drink; Real Estate; Company Services; Educational Services.
Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR-677 and MTHFR-1298) genotypes and haplotypes and plasma homocysteine levels in patients with occlusive artery disease and deep venous thrombosis.
Authors: Spiroski Igor , Kedev Sashko , Antov Slobodan , Arsov Todor , Krstevska Marija , Dzhekova-Stojkova Sloboda , Bosilkova Gordana , Kostovska Stojanka , Trajkov Dejan , Petlichkovski Aleksandar , Strezova Ana , Efinska-Mladenovska Olivija , Spiroski Mirko
Published: November 2019

The aim was to investigate different genotypes and haplotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR-677, -1298) and plasma concentration of total homocysteine (tHcy) in Macedonian patients with occlusive artery disease (OAD) and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Investigated groups consists of 80 healthy, 74 patients with OAD, and 63 patients with DVT. Plasma tHcy was measured with Microplate Enzyme Immunoassay. Identification of MTHFR genotypes and haplotypes was done with CVD StripAssay. The probability level (P-value) was evaluated by the Student's t-test. Plasma concentration of tHcy in CC and CT genotypes of MTHFR C677T was significantly increased in patients with OAD and in patients with DVT. Plasma concentration of tHcy in AC genotype of MTHFR A1298C was increased in patients with OAD and in patients with DVT. Plasma concentration of tHcy was significantly increased in AA genotype of patients with OAD, but not in patients with DVT. We found a significant increase of plasma tHcy in patients with OAD in comparison with healthy respondents for normal:heterozygote (CC:AC), heterozygote:normal (CT:AA), and heterozygote:heterozygote (CT:AC) haplotypes. Plasma concentration of tHcy in patients with DVT in comparison with healthy respondents was significantly increased for normal:normal (CC:AA), normal heterozygote (CC:AC), and heterozygote:heterozygote (CT:AC) haplotypes. We conclude that MTHFR C677T and MTHFR A1289C genotypes and haplotypes are connected with tHcy plasma levels in Macedonian patients with OAD and DVT.
Physical Rehabilitation Services in Disasters and Emergencies: A Systematic Review
Authors: MOUSAVI Ghasem , ARDALAN Ali , KHANKEH Hamidreza , KAMALI Mohammad , OSTADTAGHIZADEH Abbas
Published: November 2019

Background: Physical rehabilitation, as one of the rehabilitation disciplines, can play a great role in humanitarian reliefs. The effectiveness of physical rehabilitation services is completely dependent on time of intervention, the importance of good timing in providing services during disasters is not well understood. The objective of this study was to systematically review the physical rehabilitation services provided in disasters and emergencies.
Methods: An electronic search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane, and PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database) was undertaken from Jan 2000 to Sep 2017. All English studies reporting physical rehabilitation services in natural and man-made disasters were selected regardless of study design. The included studies were analyzed by descriptive and analytical method.
Results: Thirteen studies were included after reviewing by title, abstract and full text in this study. Most of the physical rehabilitation studies come back to recent years. Most of the disaster physical rehabilitation services were physiotherapy and occupational therapy. The physical rehabilitation experts have been attended in the affected area from the few first hours until several months after disasters in order to provide the required services to the affected population.
Conclusion: There are few studies about physical rehabilitation services provided in the disaster-affected areas and this study showed that the services were limited and at different times. Physical rehabilitation services post disasters should have a comprehensive service model, like other health services. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further studies to achieve this aim.
Establishment of the Normal Reference Range of Thrombelas-togram among the Healthy Population and Pregnants in China
Authors: GU Rong , HUANG Xueyuan , ZHOU Ming , OUYANG Shujuan , FU Yunfeng , TANG Hao , LIU Fengxia , HUANG , Rong , GAO Meng , DONG Hang , WANG Yongjun
Published: November 2019

Background: We aimed to establish the reference range of thrombelastogram (TEG) for Chinese healthy volunteers and pregnant women and analyze the influence factors.
Methods: Blood samples were collected from healthy volunteers and pregnant women at five tertiary hospitals (the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Hunan Provincial People's Hospital, Hunan Cancer Hospital and Changsha Central Hospital) in 2016. The effects of age, gender, blood type, and full-term pregnancy on the reference range of normal TEG for healthy volunteers and pregnant women were studied. The specificity of TEG in detecting coagulation disorder.
Results: For healthy volunteers, the normal ranges of TEG parameters were as follows: R, 4.3-9.3 min; K, 1.2-3.2 min; α, 50.2-71.2°; MA, 54.1-71.3 mm; LY30: 0%-2.2%; CI, -3.8-2.4. At least one parameter exceeded the normal range specified by the manufacturer in 20.3% of the healthy volunteers; about 7.6% healthy volunteers were diagnosed as coagulation disorder by the above standards; the specificity of detection was 79.7%. There were significant differences in R, K, α, MA and CI between males and females (P<0.01). For pregnant women, the normal ranges of TEG were as follows: R, 3.9-7.5 min; K, 1.0-2.4 min; α, 57.6-74.9°; MA, 55.7-75.7 mm; LY30, 0%-0.56%; CI, -0.97-3.6. Pregnant women having O blood group had a dramatically prolonged R. Full-term pregnancy had no significant impact on TEG results.
Conclusion: Compared with pregnant women having non-O blood group, those having O blood group had a dramatically prolonged R and showed greater tendency to hemorrhage during and after parturition.
Dietary Habits and Physical Activity of 18-Year-Old Adolescents in Relation to Overweight and Obesity
Authors: ZALEWSKA Magdalena , MACIORKOWSKA Elżbieta
Published: November 2019

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the nutritional status, nutritional habits, and physical activity in the representative population of 18-year-old students.
Methods: A total of 1,631 participants aged 18 years, originating from secondary schools/senior high schools in the city of Bialystok, Szpitalna, Bialystok, Poland were enrolled. Participants completed anonymous questionnaires, and their body mass index was assessed. Data were analyzed using standard statistical procedures with Statistical PL 12.0.
Results: The analysis showed that consumption of only one to two or three meals was associated with an increased risk of overweight and obesity—in case of one or two meals among girls, OR=1.78 (P<0.05), in case of one or two meals among boys, OR=2.325 (P<0.01), and in case of three meals, OR=1.771 (P<0.05). First breakfast was consumed by 82.1% of boys with normal BMI and 73.1% overweight and obesity (OR=0.593; P<0.05). 24.5% of the eutrophic compared to only 20.3% of adolescents with elevated BMI reported attending all PE classes. Physical activity undertaken after school was associated with a 35.9% decrease risk of overweight and obesity among girls and 57.7% among boys.
Conclusion: A specific pattern of nutritional habits, that is, decreased meal frequency in adolescents, skipping meals, appear the most frequent nutritional mistakes associated with overweight and obesity. Insufficient physical activity and exposure to sedentary behaviors among adolescents are disturbing. The obesity problem requires monitoring, prevention and the change of nutritional habits and physical activity early in childhood.
Health Risk Assessment of Dermal Exposure to Heavy Metals Content of Chemical Hair Dyes
Authors: KHALILI Fariba , MAHVI Amir Hossein , NASSERI Simin , YUNESIAN Masood , YASERI Mehdi , DJAHED Babak
Published: November 2019

Background: Contamination of hair dyes to heavy metals can threaten consumer's health. We investigated the concentrations of some important heavy metals in hair dyes and evaluates their non-carcinogenic effects.
Methods: The most commonly used hair dyes were determined through questioners and 32 samples were collected from the market of Tehran in 2014. The concentration of 10 heavy metals (Fe, Ag, Co, Cr, Mn, Ba, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Al) was determined using ICP-MS. Based on the obtained data from distributed questionnaires and Monte Carlo simulation, the exposure to the evaluated heavy metals was estimated. Besides, using hazard quotient (HQ) and chronic hazard (HI), the risk of non-carcinogenic effects of investigated hair dyes consumption was specified.
Results: Results indicated the average concentrations of Al, Ba, and Fe as 0.54, 0.86, and 1.19 mg kg-1 and those of Cd, Cu, and Pb as 0.45, 61.32, and 185.34 µg kg-1, respectively. Pb with HQ of 7.46e-4 had the highest risk and Fe with HQ of 3.4e-6 had the lowest level of risk. Among the investigated dyes, the ones made by Iran (HI=2.8e-4) and the dark brown color (HI=1.93e-4) had the highest level of risk among all the studied samples.
Conclusion: Two indices of HI and HQ showed that heavy metal contents in the investigated samples had not probable non-carcinogenic risks for the consumers of these products.
Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in Urban and Rural Areas of the Northwest of Iran: The Sociodemographic, Dietary and Psychological Determi-nants
Authors: TABRIZI Jafar Sadegh , NIKNIAZ Leila , SADEGHI-BAZARGANI Homayoun , FARAHBAKHSH Mostafa , NIKNIAZ Zeinab , ABBASALIZAD  FARHANGI Mahdieh , EGHBALI Elham
Published: November 2019

Background: As dyslipidemia is a preventable risk factor for Coronary heart disease (CHD), precise estimation of its prevalence and determinants is crucial for proper development of health actions. This population-based study aimed at investigating the socioeconomic, dietary and psychological determinants of dyslipidemia in Iran.
Methods: The data (n=700) for this study were collected in 2015 as a part of the major Lifestyle Promotion Project (LPP) conducted in East Azerbaijan (urban and regional parts). The data for socio-demographic status, dietary information, and physical activity and anxiety levels were collected through validated questionnaires. Then, physical examinations including blood pressure, body mass index (BMI) and conicity index were performed. The levels of serum lipids were measured by enzymatic colorimetric methods.
Results: The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia, high LDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, low HDL-C and dyslipidemia was 29.4%, 10.3%, 62.3%, 41.4%, 83.3% respectively. The mean TC (184.3±41.2 vs. 174.5±38.1 mg/dl), LDL-C (94.6±30.3 vs. 88.1±28.7 mg/dl) and HDL-C (46.7±10.4 vs. 39.5±8.0 mg/dl) in women were significantly higher than men (P<0.05). However, the mean of TG (182.3±119.3 vs. 145.1±87.8 mg/dl) was significantly higher in men compared to women (P<0.05). Obesity, family history of dyslipidemia, sedentary lifestyle, smoking habits, salt intake, and anxiety were risk factors for different components of dyslipidemia in men and women.
Conclusion: Dyslipidemia is a major health problem in northwest of Iran. Focusing on screening, regular drug intake, proper nutrition, physical activity, and changing lifestyles of patients with dyslipidemia are essential.
The Psychometric Assessment of the HIV/AIDS Questionnaire in the Multiple-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS-6)
Authors: GHAFFARI Mohtasham , MEHRABI Yadollah , RAKHSHANDEROU Sakineh , KHOSRAVI Ardeshir , BAKHSHANDEH Hooman , TAVAKOLIKIA Narjes , ELAHI Elham
Published: November 2019

Background: This study aimed to psychometrically assess the HIV/AIDS items of MICS-6 in the Iranian population in the effort to collect valid and reliable data regarding the Iranian culture.
Methods: This methodological study is a psychometric assessment of the HIV/AIDS items in the Multiple-Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) as the AIDS module in MICS Round 6, which includes items on awareness and stigma in people aged over 15 and examines them for their HIV test history. First, the AIDS module was translated into Persian and then translated back into English; subsequently, the psychometric properties of the Persian version were assessed. The face, content and construct validities of this version were also evaluated. The test-retest and internal consistency estimates were also used to determine the instrument’s reliability, and the questionnaire was implemented in 200 samples from the target population as a pilot study.
Results: The validity of the instrument was confirmed with a CVR higher than 0.78 and a CVI of 0.79. The exploratory factor analysis was performed to confirm the validity of the five factors of the MICS-6. A high internal consistency was reported with a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.98 for the questionnaire as a whole and questionnaire has good validity and reliability.
Conclusion: The Persian version of the AIDS module of the MICS-6 has satisfactory reliability and validity. The present findings are consistent with the results of other studies on the psychometrics of the international AIDS questionnaire.
How Far is between Cancer and Health?
Authors: HU Chunsong , TKEBUCHAVA Tengiz , WU Qinghua , HU Dayi
Published: November 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
The p22phox Polymorphism C242T Is Not Associated with Peripheral Malondialdehyde and Superoxide Dismutase Levels in Healthy Korean Adults
Authors: CHO Su-Youn , SO Wi-Young , ROH Hee-Tae
Published: November 2019

This article is a Letter to the Editor and does not include an Abstract.
Predictors of Fast-Food Consumption based on the Prototype/Willingness Model in Students of Public Health School, Rafsanjan City, Iran
Authors: Mazloomi Mahmoodabad Seyed Saeid , Asadpoor Mohammad , Mahbobi rad Mahmood , Mobini Lotfabad Mohammad
Published: November 2019

Introduction: In recent decades, a significant increase has been observed in the average weight of people due to fast food consumption, which increases the risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Given the importance of this issue, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of fast food consumption based on the Prototype/Willingness Model   among students the School of Public Health in Rafsanjan City.
Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 129 students from Rafsanjan School of Public Health were studied using the census method. The data were collected using a researcher-made   questionnaire by self-report. Data analysis was conducted using the SPSS  version 20 and statistical tests of correlation and regression analysis.
Results: According to the Prototype/Willingness Model, the mean and standard deviations of the attitude, positive perceptions, tendencies to fast food consumption, intention to not consume fast food, and negative mental norms about fast food consumption were 13.76±3.61, 17± 4.35, 7.4 ±1.58, 6.27± 4.19, and 7± 3.11, respectively. Considering the scores of the Prototype/Willingness Model, the attitude construct had the best score with 68.8% of the total attainable score. Based on the results of the correlations, a significant positive correlation was found between  the intention  to  avoid consuming fast food and negative subjective norms to fast food consumption. Moreover, a  significant negative correlation was observed between the constructs of attitude, positive images, and willingness to fast food consumption. Linear regression analysis showed that all constructs of the studied model  could predict  0.40% of the variance in the intention to avoid consuming  fast food. In this regard, the  negative subjective norms to fast food consumption  was strongest construct.
Conclusion: Subjective norm is defined as one's important individuals' belief about performing a behavior . Thus, subjective norms changes in the negative direction towards consuming fast foods is effective based on  the Prototype/Willingness Model.
Implementation of Public-Private Partnerships (PPP) in Development of Hospital Service from the Viewpoint of Public and Non-Public Managers in Shiraz
Authors: Sadeghi Ahmad , Bastani Peivand , Jafari Hassan , Barati Omid
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) have been constructively considered in recent years to reform health sectors in many countries. The aim of this study was to investigate the viewpoints of Shiraz hospital managers on the implementation of public-private partnership model in providing hospital services.
Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in Shiraz in 2016. Hospitals affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, private hospitals, charities and investors in the health sector were considered as the research population, that 56 people were selected as research sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were analyzed applying descriptive and analytical tests such as t-test in SPSS21.
Results: Of the 56 samples surveyed, 36 (64%) were from the public sector and 20 (36%) were from the non-public sector. Among the 6 areas considered for PPP implementation, capacity building areas (2.53± 0.53) and socio-cultural (2.58± 0.40) have the highest score and policy area than other areas (2.18 ± 0.48) had the lowest score.
Conclusion: From the viewpoint of the participants in the public and non-public sectors, none of the six effective factors in implementing the PPP model in the development of hospital services in Shiraz is not favorable. Authorities and policymakers should increase the level of readiness of hospitals to implement this template by providing an appropriate platform for nongovernmental participation.
Investigating the Role of Immigrants in the Prevalence of Addiction in Yazd City, Iran
Authors: Zare Shahabadi Akbar , Soleimani Zakieh
Published: November 2019

Introduction: Immigration is known as an effective factor in crime. The probable assumption is that immigration can also contribute to the spread of addiction. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the effect of migration on the prevalence of addiction.
Methods: The study population consisted of all drug addicts referring to well-being centers and addiction treatment camps. As a result, 384 addicts were selected by available sampling method and studied by a researcher-made questionnaire. The results were analyzed using SPSS.
Results: According to the results, the proportion of addicted migrants was more than the natives. We found that 47.4% of the addicts were immigrants, while immigrants constitute 33% of the statistical population of Yazd City. In other words, in proportion to the population size, a larger percentage of immigrants are addicted than the natives. The population of drug addicts outside the province was almost twice the number of immigrants inside the Yazd province. In addition, about one-third of the drug addicts were immigrants outside the province. The immigrants' mean of addiction was between 23 and 25, while this rate was 22.4 for the natives. Non-native addicts typically consume psychotropic pills and opium. Furthermore, a significant difference was observed in the amount of social control, social support, cultural attraction, marginalization between immigrants, and non-immigrants.
Conclusion: Comparing immigrants with natives, immigrants had more tendency to addiction, drug distribution, and the history of quitting drugs. Social marginalization and lack of social control, social support, and cultural attraction among immigrants were effective in increasing their addiction rate.
Investigating the Relationship Between the Amount and the Way of Using Mobile Phones with Achievement Motivation and Educational among Female Students in Yazd City
Authors: Zare Elham , Jabari Taghi , Barzegar Bafroei Kazem
Published: November 2019

Introduction:Using cell phone has become an inseparable part of the life in the recent years. In spite of the useful usage of the cell phone, its constant over-use makes the field for people’s addiction and harms. The purpose of the present research is to analyze the relation between the cell phone’s scale and the way of use with the motivation of educational progress among the female students’ of the ninth grade of high schools in Yazd Township.
Methed: The understudy model in this research was 288 persons who were chosen according to Krejci & Morgan tables. The Random-Cluster Testing model was multi-leveled that had been chosen randomly among the female high schools of Zone two. The means of use were cell-phone over-use scale (COS) Jenaro, et.al (2007), the questionnaire of cell-phone’s usage type (Manteghi, 1389), Achievement Motivation Test (AMT) Hermens (1987).The Correlation Test of Pierson and Regression has been used to analyze the data.
Resulth:The result of data analysis showed that there is no relation between harmful usage of cell phone and achievement motivation (p>0.05), a positive meaningful relation between the software use and the use of calendar and time with achievement motivation (p<0.05).
Conclusions:The result showed that the use of some of cell phone’s options which are according to the present needs of learners can be effective greatly. Albeit the results shows the necessity of programmers and authorities’ attention to the growing spread of harmful usage of cell phone in the high schools.
Okul Öncesi Dönem Çocukların Matematiksel Kavramlara İlişkin Hatalarının Öğretmen Görüşleri Açısından İncelenmesi
Authors: ŞAHİN Ömer , KORKMAZ Halil İbrahim
Published: November 2019

Bu araştırmada okul öncesi
dönemdeki çocukların sıklıkla hata yaptıkları matematiksel kavramlar öğretmen
görüşleri açısından incelenmiştir. Araştırmaya 16 okul öncesi öğretmeni
katılmıştır. Çocuklar tarafından sıklıkla hata yapılan kavramların, hata
türlerinin, hata nedenlerinin ve öğretmenlerin hataları giderme stratejilerinin
belirlenmesi amacıyla yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Araştırmanın sonucunda çocukların en çok “çember”, “kenar”, “geniş-dar”,
“para”, “sağ-sol”, “10-20 arası sayılar” “derin-sığ” ve “dün-bugün-yarın”
kavramlarına ilişkin hata yaptıkları, kavramlara ilişkin en çok “kavram
karmaşası” yaşadıkları, öğretmenlerin en çok çocuktan kaynaklı nedenleri öne
sürdüğü, son olarak öğretmenler sayı kavramları dışında şekil, boyut, miktar,
yer-yön, zıtlık ve zaman kavramlarına ilişkin hataların giderilmesine yönelik
uygun stratejiler uyguladıkları görülmüştür. Okul öncesi öğretmen yetiştirme,
sunulan eğitim hizmetini geliştirme ve araştırma açısından hataları ortaya
çıkarma ve gidermeye yönelik özel uygulamalar-araçlar geliştirilebilir.
Korean Crisis and a War of Words
Authors: Beczkowska Joanna
Published: November 2019

In 2017, Korean crisis escalated as Donald Trump began “war of words” with DPRK’s chairman Kim Jong-un. Each threat both leaders made might eventually be understood by the other party as a declaration of war. Donald Trump wanted to “clean up the mess” left by previous US administrations and solve the problem of North Korean nuclear program. However, his actions were inconsistent: he threatened in a very North Korean way “total destruction” only to emphasize later that it was not a “preferred option.” This article explores how “war of words” was a significant cause of the escalation of the Korean crisis.
The Problem of Water and Sanitation on the Example of India and Russia
Authors: Osadchuk Aleksej M. , Korzhenkov Nikolay  P. , Mikhail A. Mikhail A. , Trushin Maxim
Published: November 2019

Despite the efforts of the United Nations General Assembly to promote sustainability as a vehicle of resource management and tackle social inequalities through the 17 Sustainable Development Goals, the challenges remain. Therefore, the need to solve the fundamental problem of life “water-energy-food” (henceforth WEF) creates the basis for an integrated approach to eliminating the obstacles that arise on the path of sustainable life evolution on Earth. The WEF concept based on a socio-ecological systemic approach is a platform for the most rational approach to solving complex problems and adapting to climate change. At the same time it contributes to regional economic development. Taking examples from India and Russia, this commentary aims to highlight the challenges of water and sanitation of the world.
Elasticity Calculation in EKC Literature: A Cautionary Note
Authors: Mikayilov Jeyhun I , Hasanov Fakhri J
Published: November 2019

The polynomial functional specification is widely used in environmental and ecological economics. When different powers of the same variable enter to the specification the elasticity of explained variable with respect to that variable should be obtained using the elasticity formula. Since, in this case the elasticity itself is a function, one need to calculate it at a certain point, to have a general idea about the response of explained variable to the change in explanatory variable. The mainly used point is mean of the variables entering to the elasticity formula. Sometimes, the minimum and maximum points also used for comparison purposes. One should careful in interpreting the response of explanatory variable to the change in the variable entering to the specification with its different powers. This study revisits some methodological points regarding the calculation and interpretation of responses in the above-mentioned cases.
TANTANGAN DAN KOMPETENSI PUSTAKAWAN DI ERA DIGITAL
Authors: Hapsari Dian
Published: November 2019

Tantangan keberadaan perpustakaan di era digital semakin kompleks. Tantangan
tersebut, antara lain: 1) semakin banyaknya informasi; 2) mengelola berbagai macam bentuk bahan pustaka; 3) semakin kompleksnya sumber-sumber informasi; 4)pengguna perpustakaan berupa generasi digital. Agar dapat tetap eksis keberadaannya perpustakaan harus berperan aktif menunjukkan fungsinya sebagai pusat informasi, kolaborasi, komunikasi, dan penelitian. Pustakawan sebagai salah satu komponen utama di perpustakaan diharapkan memiliki kompetensi yang memadai dan terus ditingkatkan dalam menghadapi persaingan di era digital ini.

Kata kunci: era digital, tantangan, kompetensi, pustakawan
AKTIVITAS MAHASISWA DALAM MEMBACA SKRIPSI DI PERPUSTAKAAN FISIP UNS
Authors: Masriyatun Masriyatun
Published: November 2019

Libraries in general most people say that as a place to read and borrow library
collections, where the librarian or library manager provides various types of services. Services that can be said to be superior and excellent, in the library Fisip UNS contained in the reference collection service because the place is never empty by the reader. Readers in this space the average reader of scientific work, such as theses and other types of research. The purpose of writing this article to determine the activity of students in reading thesis. Activities of students in reading this paper are used to meet the information needs in the manufacture of scientific work. This research method using descriptive method. Location of the study in the library Fisip UNS. The results of this study indicate that the activity of students in reading thesis categorized quite high as 30 or 60% of respondents said it was.

Keywords: student activities, reading, essay
Lower-Extremity Skeletal Traction Following Orthopaedic Trauma
Authors: Obey Mitchel R. , Berkes Marschall B. , McAndrew Christopher M. , Miller Anna N.
Published: November 2019

» Skeletal traction is a fundamental tool for the orthopaedic surgeon caring for patients with traumatic pelvic and lower-extremity injuries.

» Immobilization of fractures in the pelvis, acetabulum, and proximal part of the femur can be difficult with traditional splinting techniques. Skeletal traction has proved to be an effective alternative means of immobilization in such cases.

» Traction may be utilized for both temporary and definitive treatment of a variety of orthopaedic injuries.

» With the appropriate knowledge of regional anatomy, skeletal traction pins can be placed safely and with a low rate of complications.

» Several methods for placing skeletal traction have been described, and it is critical for orthopaedic surgeons not only to be proficient in their application but also to understand the appropriate indications for use.
Superfície de resposta de medidas morfométricas de Pennisetum glaucum submetidos ao estresse salino
Authors: Lucena L.R.R. , Simões J.V.L.P. , Leite M.L.M.V.
Published: November 2019

O milheto (Pennisetum glaucum) é uma gramínea de ciclo anual, caracterizada por seu baixo custo de produção, elevada qualidade nutricional e multiplicidade de usos. Objetivou-se encontrar condições ótimas de altura de planta, diâmetro e comprimento de colmo do milheto submetido ao estresse salino através da metodologia de superfície de resposta. Verificou-se que o ponto que maximizou a altura (192,81 cm) de planta do milheto foi dado pela CEa de 1,8 dS m-1 (salinidade) e uma idade de planta de 45,8 dias. O maior comprimento (143,7 cm) e diâmetro de colmo (13,05 cm) do milheto foram definidos pela CEa de 1,8 e 2,47dS m-1 e idades de 43,47 e 31,78 dias, respectivamente. A análise de superfície de resposta mostra-se promissora para avaliar a máxima altura de planta, comprimento e diâmetro de colmo do milheto. O grau de salinidade da água de irrigação que maximiza a altura de planta, comprimento e diâmetro do colmo de milheto está situado na faixa entre 1,8 e 2,66 dS m-1 de condutividade elétrica.
Normas de reação para peso aos 365 e 550 dias de idade em bovinos Guzerá no Nordeste do Brasil
Authors: Santos J. , Malhado C.H. , Ambrosini D. , Filho R. , Araujo A. , Carneiro P.L.
Published: November 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da interação genótipo ambiente (IGA) sobre os pesos ajustados aos 365 (P365) e 550 (P550) dias de idade de bovinos Guzerá por meio de modelos hierárquicos Bayesianos de norma de reação. O banco de dados utilizado foi cedido pela Associação Brasileira dos Criadores de Zebu (ABCZ) e continha 15169 e 11183 registros para o P365 e P550, respectivamente. Ajustou-se um modelo animal (MA) e modelos hierárquicos de norma de reação com variâncias homogenias e heterogenias em um passo (MHNRHO1P e MHNRHE1P, respectivamente) e dois passos (MHNRHO2P e MHNRHE2P, respectivamente) para avaliar a existência e efeito da IGA. O MHNRHO1P foi o modelo de melhor ajuste. As estimativas de herdabilidade no MA foram de 0,37 e 0,29 para o P365 e P550, respectivamente. Foram obtidos valores de herdabilidade variando de 0,21 a 0,71 para o P365 e 0,06 a 0,93 para o P550 no MHNRHO1P ao longo do gradiente ambiental. As correlações de Spearman entre as classificações dos reprodutores para o P365 e P550 variaram de 0,26 a 0,99 e de -0,99 a 0,99, respectivamente, e as correlações genéticas variaram entre 0,70 a 1,00 e 0,40 a 1,00 para o P365 e P550, respectivamente. Existe IGA em bovinos da raça Guzerá no Nordeste do Brasil para o P365 e P550, sendo necessário considerar a possibilidade de inclusão deste efeito nas avaliações genéticas.