bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of the drug market as a sector of the shadow economy
Authors: Тотоев Р.Р.
Published: February 2024

В статье предпринята попытка выделить ключевые моменты характеристики наркорынков. При изучении внутренних закономерностей рынка наркотиков автор опирается на общие принципы функционирования экономики легального сектора, на теоретические выводы, полученные при изучении криминального сектора теневой экономики, рынка легальных аддиктивных товаров. Автором выявляются ключевые характеристики наркорынков, которые можно подразделить на две группы: типичные для всего криминального сектора теневой экономики и специфичные для рынков наркотиков.

The article attempts to highlight the key characteristics of drug markets. When studying the internal patterns of the drug market, the author relies on the general principles of the functioning of the economy of the legal sector, on theoretical conclusions obtained from studying the criminal sector of the shadow economy, the market of legal addictive goods. The author identifies the key characteristics of drug markets, which can be divided into two groups: typical for the entire criminal sector of the shadow economy and specific for drug markets.
Sosyal Fayda için Yapay Zeka
Authors: Saka Erkan
Published: February 2024

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In Tune with Ethics: Responsible Artificial Intelligence and Music Industry
Authors: Oğul Sertaç
Published: February 2024

Bu çalışma, müzik endüstrisinde yapay zeka etik sorunlarına dair bir tartışmayı başlatarak, OECD yapay zeka İlkeleri çerçevesinde dokuz etik ifadeyi analiz etmektedir. Çalışma, bu yönergeler içinde şeffaflık, insan-merkezli değerler, adalet ve gizlilik konularında artan bir vurgu tespit etmektedir. Yapay zeka tarafından yönlendirilen müzik sistemlerine güven oluşturmak için şeffaflığın önemli olduğu kabul edilirken, insan değerlerinin korunması ve insan ve yapay zeka tarafından üretilen eserler arasındaki ayrım önemli konular olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Makale, müzik endüstrisinde üretken yapay zeka sistemlerinin çevresel etkilerini ele almadaki bir boşluğa dikkat çekmektedir. Ortaya çıkan zorlukları ele almak için sürekli araştırma ve diyalog çağrısında bulunarak, yapay zekanın dönüştürücü potansiyelini yönlendirirken müzik yaratımında etik değerleri korumak için çok taraflı işbirliğini vurgulamaktadır.
Üç Çevirmen, Üç Arkadaş: Zeynep Rona, Ayla Ortaç ve Celâl Üster'le Çeviri ve Yapay Zekâ Üzerine Bir Söyleşi
Authors: Nuhrat Yağmur , Rona Zeynep , Ortaç Ayla , Üster Celâl
Published: February 2024

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Literary creation in the gulf Arab countries
Authors: Акхмедова Шакхло
Published: February 2024

In this article, the role of women in the family and society in the Gulf Arab countries, which constitute a significant part of Arab storytelling, is expressed. Also, in the works of Gulf writers, it is mentioned that women are represented as equal members of society, that is, society.
Эркалаш мадони: тадқиқ ва талқин (эркалаш функционал семантик майдони тахлили асосида)
Authors: Самигова Хушнуда , Мирзаулугов Шахзод
Published: February 2024

Дунёни билиш жараёнида тилларни қиёслаш ниҳоятда катта аҳамиятга эгадир, чунки қиёслаш ҳар қандай тафаккурдаги англашнинг асосидир. Дунёдаги ҳамма нарсаларни қиёслаш орқали биламиз
Oriental studies universitetida chet tillarni o‘qitishdagi zamonaviy yondashuvlarninmg tahlili
Authors: Рустамова Джамила
Published: February 2024

Ushbu maqolada Oriental Studies Universitetining turizm guruhlari talabalari bilan o'quv reja va dasturga muvofiq "Tashkent is on the Great Silk Road (Amir Temur square)" mavzusidagi amaliy darsning SWOT texnologiyasi yordamidagi tahlili keltirilgan. Bu usul chettili darslarini innovatsionyondashuvlar orqali o'qitishning tez orada beradigan natijasi ta’kidlanadi
Modern translation tendencies
Authors: Миркодирова Зилола
Published: February 2024

Translation is a deliberate activity which brings nations and countries together. With the help of translation, countries and communities foster their relationships, exchanging information in terms of culture, education, arts and literature. Through many years, ways of translation and methods have evolved in order to convey to the audience. In the beginning of twenties centur, scientists had different opinions concerning word-for-word or sense-for-sense methods. In this article, translation theories used in the past, new methods we are using nowadays, their potential benefits also flows will be looked through
The contribution of rural social networks to the consolidation of social capital
Authors: Castillo Verenice Sánchez
Published: February 2024

This article exhaustively reviews the literature on rural social networks' role in the construction and consolidation of social capital in rural communities. A detailed analysis of case studies and relevant theories examined how these networks, made up of family relationships, friendships, local associations, and community ties, contribute to rural communities' socioeconomic development and well-being. With this objective, a critical and narrative study was developed, with a protocol developed to achieve high methodological rigor. The results highlighted the challenges rural social networks face in the context of urbanization, globalization, and technological change, and how these external influences affect the dynamics and effectiveness of rural social capital. In addition, strategies and policies can strengthen rural social networks and, therefore, social capital, thus facilitating local development and social inclusion. Finally, areas of future research are suggested to understand better the potential of rural social networks in promoting sustainable development and social equity in rural areas.
Revisión sistemática y metaanálisis de los factores de riesgo para neuralgia postherpética.
Authors: Forbes Harriet J. , Thomas Sara L. , Smeeth Liam , Clayton Tim , Farmer Ruth , Bhaskaran Krishnan , Langan Sinéad M.
Published: February 2024

Los pacientes con herpes zóster pueden desarrollar dolor persistente luego de la curación del rash, una complicación conocida como neuralgia postherpética. Como el zóster se previene mediante la vacunación, el riesgo de padecer esta complicación común es bajo. Hemos buscado estudios en MEDLINE y Embase que evaluaran factores de riesgo para neuralgia postherpética, con el propósito de informar la política de vacunación. Se identificaron diecinueve estudios prospectivos. Los metaanálisis mostraron incrementos significativos en el riesgo de neuralgia postherpética con características clínicas de zóster agudo, incluyendo dolor prodrómico (cociente de las tasas resumido 2,29, 95% intervalo de confianza: 1,42-3,69), dolor agudo severo (2,23, 1,71-2,92), rash severo (2,63, 1,89-3,66), y compromiso oftálmico (2,51, 1,29-4.86). La edad mayor se asoció de forma significativa con la neuralgia postherpética; para estudios individuales, el riesgo relativo estima por cada 10 años, un aumento del 1,22 al 3,11. La evidencia en cuanto a las diferencias por género fue controvertida, con una heterogeneidad considerable entre los diferentes estudios. Una proporción de estudios reportó un riesgo aumentado de neuralgia postherpética con severa inmunosupresión (estudios, n=3/5) y diabetes mellitus (n=1/4). El lupus eritematoso sistémico, un trauma reciente y síntomas relacionados con trastornos de la personalidad estuvieron asociados a neuralgia postherpética en estudios individuales. No se encontró evidencia de mayor riesgo de neuralgia postherpética en relación a depresión (n=4) o cáncer (n=5). Nuestra revisión confirma que un número de características clínicas de zóster agudo constituyen factores de riesgo para neuralgia postherpética. También se han identificado una serie de factores de riesgo para neuralgia postherpética factibles de ser abordados por medio de vacunas; hasta ahora aparte de los riesgos asociados a la edad, la evidencia respecto a factores de riesgo para informar la política de vacunación contra el zóster es actualmente limitada.
Exploring the Uncharted Terrain: Harnessing Virtual Reality in Neurological Physiotherapy for Uncommon Movement Disorders
Authors: Kaituabane Teaneti
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the efficacy of virtual reality (VR) interventions in individuals with uncommon movement disorders, exploring a spectrum of outcomes, predictors of success, and practical implications. The research emphasizes the need for personalized rehabilitation approaches and considers the dynamic evolution of VR interventions in comparison with earlier studies. Results indicate significant improvements in motor function and quality of life, highlighting the potential transformative role of VR in neurological rehabilitation. The discussion delves into practical considerations, challenges, and future research directions, underscoring the importance of ongoing collaborative efforts to harness the full potential of VR for diverse patient needs.
भारत में स्त्रियों की दषा एवं उसमें सुधार
Authors: डाॅ राधिका देवी
Published: February 2024

मनुस्मृति के अनुसार भारतीय समाज में यह मान्यता रही है कि-‘‘जहाँ नारी को पूज्य माना जाता है, वहाँ देवताओं का निवास होता है और जहाँ उसे पूज्य नहीं माना जाता, वहाँ सत्र कार्य निष्फल होते हैं,’’ परन्तु इसके होते हुए भी भारत में नारी की स्थिति वैसी नहीं है, जैसी होनी चाहिए भारतीय समाज में नारी की स्थिति की विवेचना इन शीर्षकों में किया जा सकता है।
(1) पुरूष की अपेक्षा परिवार में स्त्री को कम महत्व-भारत में परिवार का रूप पितृ सत्तात्मक है, जिसमें परिवार में पुरूष (पिता) की चलती है तथा स्त्री (माता) को हर बात के लिए उसके अधीन रहना पड़ता है।
(2) सामाजिक दृष्टि से स्त्री पर पुरूष का संरक्षण-भारतीय समाज में स्त्री जाति को सदा पुरूष के संरक्षण में ही रहना पड़ता है, यह कहा जाता है कि विवाह से पूर्व उसे अपने पिता के संरक्षण में, विवाह के बाद उसे अपने पति के संरक्षण में तथा वृद्धावस्था में उसे अपने पुत्र के संरक्षण में रहना पड़ता है, इससे उसमें स्वावलम्बन व आत्मसम्मान की भावना कभी भी उत्पन्न नहीं हो पाती।
(3) आर्थिक दृष्टि से पुरूष पर स्त्री की निर्भरता-भारत का सामाजिक ढांचा कुढ ऐसा है कि अधिकांश पत्नियाँ अपनी आर्थिक आवश्यकताओं की पूर्ति हेतु अपने पति पर ही निर्भर रहती हैं, प्रायः पति कमाते हैं और पत्नियाँ उनकी कमाई से अपने सहित पूरे घर का खर्च चलाती हैं स्वतंत्रता के बाद से स्थिति में कुछ अन्तर आया हैं, अनेक क्षेत्रों में स्त्रियाँ भी कमाने लगी हैं पर कमाने वाली स्त्रियों का प्रतिशत स्त्रियों की पूरी जनसंख्या पर नगण्य है, इस प्रकार के उदाहरण कम हैं, जिनमें पत्नी कमाती हो और पति जीवनयापन हेतु पत्नी पर निर्भर हो, प्रायः स्त्रियाँ ही आर्थिक दृष्टि से पुरूषों पर निर्भर होती हैं।
(4) घर की चार-दीवारी में रहने के कारण दृष्टिकोण का संकुचन-भारतीय समाज की यह मान्यता है कि स्त्रियों का उचित स्थान घर है और उसका मुख्य कत्र्तव्य गृहिणी धर्म का पालन है, इस मान्यता का परिणाम यह हुआ कि स्त्रियाँ स्वयं भी घर की चार दीवारी से बाहर नहीं निकलना चाहतीं, इससे उनका दृष्टिकोण संकुुचित हो जाता है।
(5) घर से बाहर कार्यरत् स्त्रियों के प्रति समाज का आक्रामक रूख-जो स्त्रियाँ परिस्थितिवश अथवा स्वेच्छा से साहस, करके घर की चार-दीवारी से बाहर निकलकर कुछ करना चाहती हैं, उन्हें लोग सम्मान की दृष्टि से नहीं देखते और उनके चरित्र पर अनावश्यक रूप से शंका तक करते हैं, खेतों, खलिहानों, कारखानों आदि में काल करने वाली स्त्रियों को तो लोग हेय दृष्टि से देखते हैं तथा उनके प्रति समाज का रूख भी आक्रामक होता है।
(6) शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में स्त्रियों की उपेक्षा-भारतीय समाज में शिक्षा के क्षेत्र में भी स्त्रियों की उपेक्षा सदा से होती आई हैं, बहुत समय तक यह बात मानी जाती रही है कि स्त्री घर की दासी होती हैं, उसे शिक्षा प्राप्ति का अधिकार नहीं है, आधुनिक भारत में शिक्षा के सम्बन्ध में ऐसी मान्यताओं में फर्क आया हैं, स्त्रियाँ भी शिक्षित होने लगी हैं, तथापि......अब भी अधिकांश स्त्रियाँ अशिक्षित ही नहीं, निरक्षर तक हैं।
Too Big to Fail
Authors: Gup Benton E.
Published: February 2024

Usually associated with large bank failures, the phrase too big to fail, which is a particular form of government bailout, actually applies to a wide range of industries, as this volume makes clear. Examples range from Chrysler to Lockheed Aircraft and from New York City to Penn Central Railroad. Generally speaking, when a corporation, an organization, or an industry sector is considered by the government to be too important to the overall health of the economy, it will not be allowed to fail. Government bailouts are not new, nor are they limited to the United States. This book presents the views of academics, practitioners, and regulators from around the world (e.g., Australia, Hungary, Japan, Europe, and Latin America) on the implications and consequences of government bailouts.
G.I. Joe in France
Authors: Kaufmann J. E. , Kaufmann H. W.
Published: February 2024

This book chronicles the experience of the World War II paratroopers from their earliest days in training to final days of the war spent at Berchtesgaden. Relying heavily on memoirs, letters, and personal interviews with soldiers, this work highlights the rigors of training, the spectacle of combat, and the relief of survival and victory. From D-Day to Bastogne, Kaufmann follows the American advance across France, shedding light on the emotional strain and shock of combat that was, until recently, often overlooked by generations of Americans, but freely admitted to by the Vets themselves. Along the way, the book details the struggle faced by American G.I.s as they made their way through France. Indeed, it becomes clear the Nazis were not the only obstacle to Mutt and Joe during the campaign. The common problems of supply and relief often exacerbated difficult conditions in the field, while incompetent line officers often raised doubt and suspicion among men in the ranks. Ultimately, this is a very personal story about struggle and triumph, told by those who endured the hardship of combat.
Investigação sobre a subjetividade das mulheres frente às violências vividas em situação de rua: um espaço de fala
Authors: Clara Galvão D’ávila de Araújo Ana , Cavalcante de Araujo Mello Leonardo
Published: February 2024

A presente pesquisa tem como foco os processos de subjetivação e invenção do cotidiano,produzidos por mulheres em situação de rua, em tem como princípio as narrativasconstruídas a partir do viver dessas mulheres, ex-moradoras ou ainda residentes de rua, quebusca-se ampliar o lugar de fala sobre o dia-a-dia de enfrentamento as desigualdade, luta degênero e as garantias dos direitos de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social severa.Esse projeto tem por objetivo geral compreender a vivência de mulheres em situação de ruae os devidos apetrechos políticos públicos que as permeiam, e objetivos específicos(a)desenvolver a confecção de um espaço de fala legítimo ; (b) expor o cenário brasileiroatual de violências e acolhimentos a esta população; (c) compreensão sobre a subjetividadedas locutoras entre significante e significado que comunica suas vivências. Esse projetodefende a ideia de que o viver nas ruas é permeado por inúmeras violências, crises, mas queo seu resistir frente às necropolìticas aplicadas, necessitaria por sua vez uma visão criativa,potente e legítima para continuar na sobrevivência e no viver. As bases teóricas caracterizama violência de gênero, o cenário e breve história das pessoas em situação de rua (PSR),reflexões sobre as mentiras de subjetivação frente a essas violências do sistema.Metodologicamente, foi utilizado de três entrevistas semi-estruturadas, que para a análisefoi utilizado a Análise de Conteùdo (Bardin, 1977). Os eixos de análise são: “Caracterizaçãodas participantes” para que o leitor compreenda o contexto de vida dessas mulheres queocasionou sua estadia nas ruas; “Fatores de risco para população das ruas” busca abordar osfatores negativos compartilhados por elas por meio das falas frente ao cenário; “Fatoresprotetivos pela assistência pública”, pontua algumas estruturas que são entendidas comobenéficas para essas mulheres frente às inúmeras violências vivenciadas; e “A subjetividadefrente às ruas” em que busca analisar concepções ideológicas presentes nos discursos e suascontribuições para saúde mental dessas.
Biologia reprodutiva da choca-de-asa-vermelha (Thamnophilus Torquatus): quando e onde reproduzir?
Authors: De Oliveira Costa Laura , Igor Dias Raphael
Published: February 2024

A biologia reprodutiva de grande parte das espécies de aves Neotropicais permanece desconhecida. Mesmo informações básicas de história natural não estão disponíveis na literatura para um enorme número de espécies. A família Thamnophilidae é composta por aves encontradas em áreas de florestas úmidas e formações savânicas. A choca-de-asa-vermelha (Thamnophilus torquatus) é uma espécie socialmente monogâmica e sexualmente dimórfica. O presente estudo teve o objetivo de apresentar informações sobre a biologia reprodutiva da choca-de-asa-vermelha, envolvendo pesquisa de campo, levantamento de dados da literatura e de informações disponíveis em repositórios de ciência cidadã. As atividades de campo foram realizadas na ESECAE, no Distrito Federal, durante o período de agosto de 2022 a maio de 2023. Foram realizadas buscas ativas por ninhos em territórios monitorados. Dois ninhos foram localizados no mês de janeiro. Os ninhos tinham formato de cesto, eram compostos por galhos finos e estavam fixados em uma forquilha próxima ao solo por três a cinco pontos de amarração. Adicionalmente, indivíduos jovens foram registrados na companhia de adultos nos meses de outubro e fevereiro. De acordo com os dados secundários, o período reprodutivo da espécie ocorre ao longo de todo ano. No entanto, registros de nidificação só foram realizados entre os meses de agosto a março. Na área de estudo, o período reprodutivo parece estar concentrado nos meses de dezembro e janeiro. Outras espécies da família Thamnophilidae têm registros reprodutivos durante todo ano. Porém, a variação sazonal na precipitação parece influenciar o período reprodutivo da família, possivelmente devido a tendência à insetivoria. Para o aproveitamento do estudo, outros registros de demais famílias foram feitos, estes que se somam para o estudo de aves neotropicais e as definições de reprodução da avifauna do Cerrado.
PENGARUH BUDAYA GHASAB TERHADAP EGOISME SANTRI
Authors: Fitriyah  , Rosyid Muhammad , Ali Mahsun
Published: February 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: Pertama, budaya ghasab yang ada dalam lingkungan pondok; tingkat egoisme santri pondok pesantren. Kedua, untuk mengatahui pengaruh budaya ghasab terhadap egoisme santri pondok pesantren. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an Darul Falah 3 Cukir Jombang. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis penelitian kuantitatif. Sampel dalam penelitian ini merupakan 50 santri aktif Pondok Pesantren Roudhotul Qur’an Darul Falah 3 Cukir Jombang. adapun pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan studi kasus dengan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji-t.  instrument penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasi, angket, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian: pertama, budaya ghasab dilingkungan pondok pesantren sering terjadi. Tingkat egoisme santri tergolong tinggi. Kedua, terdapat pengaruh budaya ghasab terhadap egoisme santri.
Okul Yöneticilerinin Öğretimsel Yeniliklere İlişkin Görüşlerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: Yirci Ramazan , Kürtül Yaprak , Kürtül Yunus
Published: February 2024

Bu araştırmanın amacı, okul yöneticilerinin öğretimsel yeniliklere ilişkin görüşlerinin incelenmesidir. Araştırma betimsel bir araştırma olup nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden olgubilim deseniyle yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu, 2022-2023 eğitim- öğretim yılında Kahramanmaraş ili Andırın ilçesinde bulunan anaokulu, ilkokul, ortaokul ve liselerde görev yapan, müdür ve müdür yardımcılarından oluşan toplam 20 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri araştırmacılar tarafından geliştirilen yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ile toplanmıştır. Katılımcılardan toplanan veriler içerik analizi yöntemi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda okul yöneticilerinin öğretimsel işlere daha çok zaman ayırmanın önemini bilmelerine rağmen gerek bürokratik işlerin yoğunluğundan dolayı idari işlere daha çok zaman ayırdıkları tespit edilmiştir. Okul yöneticilerinin kurumlarında çalışan öğretmenlerin öğretimsel yenilik bağlamında gelişimlerini sağlamak için ağırlıklı olarak hizmet içi eğitimlere teşvik ettikleri görülmektedir. Yöneticilerin kurumlarını geliştirmek için yaptıkları yenilik çalışmaları arasında en sık tekrar eden bulgu ise eğitimde iyi örneklere sahip olan okulların yakından takip edilerek yeniliklerin kendi okullarına uyarlanması olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır. Araştırmada yenilikçi yöneticilerin özellikleri olarak yeniliklere açık olması, teknolojiye hakim olması, öğretim programlarını sık sık incelemesi, güncel yayınları ve eğitsel içerikleri takip etmesi ve iletişime açık olumlu bir okul iklimi oluşturan öğretimsel bir lider ve model olması beklenmektedir. Araştırma bulgularından yola çıkılarak öğretimsel yenilikler konusunda iyi örneklere sahip okul yönetici ve öğretmenlerinin ödüllendirilmesinin teşvik edici olacağı düşünülmektedir.
Moral Minorities
Authors: Kirkpatrick David C.
Published: February 2024

David Kirkpatrick challenges the focus of much scholarship on evangelicalism that centers on white and conservative evangelicals as representative of the entire movement. With close attention to the global Evangelical Left from the 1960s to the 1980s, Kirkpatrick highlights in particular the leading role of Latin Americans in challenging US Americans for their complicity in various forms of imperialism, violence, and inequality. Kirkpatrick highlights the ways that a Latin American Evangelical Left pushed traditional white US evangelicals to think about decolonization both politically and religiously; that is, issues of US state and economic power alongside the assumption of white US evangelicals that their concerns defined orthodoxy. Just as importantly, Kirkpatrick highlights how Latinx immigration created new forms of bilingual, hybrid evangelical identity that challenged white US dominant narratives from within US borders.
Analisis Proses Konstruksi Jawaban Siswa Pada Pemecahan Masalah Transformasi Geometri Di Tinjau Berdasarkan Gender
Authors: Aini Putri Nur , Nugroho Purna Bayu
Published: February 2024

Proses asimilasi dan akomodasi berperan penting dalam proses konstruksi jawaban pada pemecahan masalah,namun sering ditemukan bahwa siswa dalam mengkonstruksi jawaban masih sering mengalami keraguan dalam menyelesaikan permasalahan matematika. Di Indonesia sebelumnya sudah terdapat beberapa peneliti yang meneliti berhubungan dengan proses konstruksi dalam pemecahan masalah, namun masih jarang peneliti yang mengaitkan jenis kelaminnya. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui konstruksi jawaban murid pria dan murid wanita saat memecahkan masalah transformasi geometri. Kami menggunakan metode penelitian yang menerapkan pendekatan kualitatif. Subjek yang dilibatkan adalah murid kelas XI SMA Negeri 2 Kotabumi dengan menggunakan instrumen tes dan wawancara. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui uji coba dan sesi wawancara, dengan penerapan teknik analisis data yang merujuk pada metode yang dikembangkan oleh Miles & Hubberman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan antara proses konstruksi siswa perempuan dengan proses konstruksi siswa laki-laki pada tahap yang kedua dan ketiga, yaitu merencanakan penyelesaian dan melaksanakan rencana penyelesaian
Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Matematika Siswa
Authors: Sagita Nurlia , Ikashaum Fertilia
Published: February 2024

Hasil belajar siswa yang tergolong rendah diduga dipengaruhi oleh model pembelajaran yang digunakan guru. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh belajar siswa dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran problem based learning dan model pembelajaran konvensional pada kelas VIII. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain posttest only control design. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 6 Metro yang terdiri dari delapan kelas. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive yaitu dengan meminta rekomendasi dari guru matematika serta melihat rata-rata nilai UTS. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model problem based learning terhadap hasil belajar siswa adalah hasil posttest sebanyak 4 butir soal. Data tes yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-Whitney U. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data menggunakan uji perbedaan rata-rata diperoleh nilai Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) untuk uji dua sisi adalah 0,615 < 0,05, sehingga H0 ditolak. Sehingga terdapat pengaruh hasil belajar siswa terhadap penerapan model problem based learning pada kelas VIII SMPN 6 Metro.
ANALISIS EFEKTIVITAS SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE DELONE AND MCLEAN
Authors: Rozanda Nesdi Evrilyan , Razmi Fikri , Zarnelly Zarnelly , Megawati Megawati
Published: February 2024

Institut Agama Islam Lukman Edy (IAILE) Pekanbaru telah menerapkan sistem informasi akademik (Siakad). Dalam hal ini, IAILE berusaha untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan efektivitas namun masih banyak kendal-kendala pengguna dalam mengeakses siakad. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis efektivitas sistem informasi akademik di Institut Agama Islam Lukman Edy. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan metodologi Delone & Mclean. Kuesioner yang disusun dan disebarkan kepada 100 responden yaitu yang tercakup sebagai pegawai, dosen, dan mahasiswa di Institut Agama Islam Lukman Edy. Uji validitas dan reliabilitas terhadap data penelitian dilakukan untuk memperoleh data yang valid dan reliabel. Pada Penelitian ini diajukan 9 Hipotesis. Selanjutnya diolah menggunakan metode PLS-SEM dengan software smartPLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 5 hipotesis yang tidak berpengaruh dan 4 hipotesis yang berpengaruh terhadap efektivitas sistem informasi Akademik Institut Agama Islam Lukman Edy (IAILE) Pekanbaru.
Quantum yields of CHDO above 300 nm
Authors: Röth Ernst-Peter , Vereecken Luc
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The photolysis of mono-deuterated formaldehyde, CHDO, is a critical process in the deuterium enrichment of stratospheric hydrogen formed from methane. In this work, a consistent description of the quantum yields of the molecular and radical channels of the CHDO photolysis is deduced from literature data. The fluorescence measurements of Miller and Lee (1978) provided a first data set to deduce the product quantum yields. An alternative analysis is based on the measured quantum-yield spectrum for the radical channel of the CD2O photolysis by McQuigg and Calvert (1969), which is corrected for wavelength dependency and combined with the CH2O quantum-yield spectrum to provide an approximation for CHDO. Both approaches provide consistent results. Finally, the findings of Troe (1984, 2007) enable the specification of the pressure dependence of the quantum yield for CH2O and CD2O and, hence, for CHDO. We find that the radical channel does not show a pressure dependence, whereas the molecular channel is dominated by tunneling and quenching processes. Simplified representations are given that are readily implemented in kinetic atmospheric models. As an example of their application, the altitude dependence of the ratio of J(CHDO→HD+CO) and J(CH2O→H2+CO) is provided. Also, the importance of the photolysis of formaldehyde on the yield of HD in the atmosphere is shown through the altitudinal dependence of the isotopic fractionation.
Climatological comparison of polar mesosphere summer echoes over the Arctic and Antarctica at 69°
Authors: Latteck Ralph , Murphy Damian J.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Polar mesosphere summer echoes (PMSE) have been observed for more than 30 years with 50 MHz VHF radars at various locations in the Northern Hemisphere. Continuous observation of PMSE is conducted on the northern Norwegian island of Andøya (69.3° N) using the ALWIN radar (1999–2008) and MAARSY (since 2010). The same kind of PMSE measurements began in 2004 in the Southern Hemisphere with the Australian Antarctic Division's VHF radar at Davis Station in Antarctica (68.6° S), which is at an opposite latitude to Andøya. Since the radars at both sites are calibrated, the received echo strength of PMSE from more than 1 decade of mesospheric observations on both hemispheres could be converted to absolute signal power, allowing for direct comparison of the measurements. Comparison of PMSE observations obtained at both radar sites during a period of 23 boreal summers (Andøya) and 15 austral summers (Davis) shows that their PMSE signal strengths are of the same order of magnitude, but significantly fewer PMSE are observed in the Southern Hemisphere than in the Northern Hemisphere. Compared to Andøya, the PMSE season over Davis starts about 7 d later on average and ends 9 d earlier, making it 16 d shorter. PMSE over Davis occur less frequently but with greater variability in seasonal, diurnal, and altitudinal occurrence. For example, PMSE over Davis reach maximum altitudes about 1.5 km higher than those over Andøya.
Ionospheric density depletions around crustal fields at Mars and their connection to ion frictional heating
Authors: Madanian Hadi , Hesse Troy , Duru Firdevs , Pilinski Marcin , Frahm Rudy
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Mars' ionosphere is formed through ionization of the neutral atmosphere by solar irradiance, charge exchange, and electron impact. Observations by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN (MAVEN) spacecraft have shown a highly dynamic ionospheric layer at Mars impacted by loss processes including ion escape, transport, and electron recombination. The crustal fields at Mars can also significantly modulate the ionosphere. We use MAVEN data to perform a statistical analysis of density depletions of ionospheric species (O+, O2+, and electrons) around crustal fields. Events mostly occur when the crustal magnetic fields are radial, outward, and with a mild preference towards east in the planetocentric coordinates. We show that events near crustal fields are typically accompanied by an increase in suprathermal electrons within the depletion, either throughout the event or as a short-lived electron beam. However, no correlation between the changes in the bulk electron densities and suprathermal electron density variations is observed. Our analysis indicates that the temperature of the major ionospheric species, O2+, increases during most of the density depletion events, which could indicate that some ionospheric density depletions around crustal fields are a result of ion frictional heating.
Widespread increase in discharge from West Antarctic Peninsula glaciers since 2018
Authors: Davison Benjamin J. , Hogg Anna E. , Moffat Carlos , Meredith Michael P. , Wallis Benjamin J.
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Many glaciers on the Antarctic Peninsula have retreated and accelerated in recent decades. Here we show that there was a widespread, quasi-synchronous and sustained increase in grounding line discharge from glaciers on the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula since 2018. Overall, west Antarctic Peninsula discharge trends increased by over a factor of three, from 0.5 Gt/y/decade during 2017 to 2020 up to 1.6 Gt/y/decade in the years following, leading to a grounding line discharge increase of 7 Gt/y (7.4 %) since 2017. The acceleration in discharge was concentrated at glaciers connected to deep, cross-shelf troughs hosting warm ocean waters, and the acceleration occurred during a period of anomalously high subsurface water temperatures on the continental shelf. Given that many of the affected glaciers have retreated over the past several decades in response to ocean warming, thereby highlighting their sensitivity to ocean forcing, we argue that the recent period of anomalously warm water was likely a key driver of the observed acceleration. However, the acceleration also occurred during a time of anomalously high atmospheric temperatures and glacier surface runoff, which could have contributed to speed-up by directly increasing basal water pressure and, by invigorating near-glacier circulation, increasing submarine melt rates. The spatial pattern of glacier acceleration therefore provides an indication of glaciers that are exposed to warm ocean water at depth and/or have active surface-to-bed hydrological connections. Both atmospheric and ocean temperatures in this region and its surroundings are likely to increase further in the coming decades, suggesting that discharge increases may continue and become more widespread.
Local floods in Madeira Island between 2009 and 2021. Rainfall analysis and risk assessment in mountain streams
Authors: Lopes Sérgio Silva , Fragoso Marcelo , Reis Eusébio
Published: February 2024

Abstract. The torrential floods that occurred in December 2020 and January 2021 in villages located mainly on the northern side of Madeira Island, are analysed in comparison with other local scale events that occurred in 2009, 2012 and 2013. The term torrential flood is adopted in this work to designate the hydrogeomorphologic events, characterized by the occurrence of interactions between slope movements (landslides, debris flows) and fluvial dynamics (flash floods), typical in mountainous regions, formed by deep and narrow-bottomed valleys, as is the case in Madeira Island. The heavy rainfall episodes of 25 December 2020 and 7 January 2021 were particularly surprising for the localised incidence of numerous occurrences of landslides, debris flows, and flash floods triggered by them. Intense precipitation episodes, with hourly maximums of more than 40 mm and accumulated amounts in 24 hours exceeding, in some rain-gauges, the critical threshold of 300 mm, triggered peak discharges in several catchments, the largest with an area of up to 50 km2 and the smallest with less than 20 km2. The flow hydrographs of some streams show several flood peaks, associated with secondary maximums of heavy rainfall. Daily and sub-daily rainfall peaks over catchments are crucial conditions for triggering floods. It was found that there is a very strong correlation between maximum precipitation in 24 hours and 12 hours, which can be mathematically described by a linear regression law. On the other hand, antecedent daily rainfall may also influence the occurrence of torrential floods in Madeira Island: the analysis of the combinations of critical pairs, consisting of the maximum rainfall in 24 hours and the antecedent rainfall calibrated for different durations (in days), allowing the identification of polynomial regression rules, which can be used to detect, in time and space, critical scenarios of torrential floods. The constitution and maintenance of an inventory of critical precipitation values, represents a relevant source of information to ensure the quality of the results issued by any flood early warning system. Finally, hydrogeomorphological susceptibility mapping, which was produced through the collection of field information in the aftermath of catastrophic floods, embodies a complementary approach that provides a distinct spatial perspective of the areas of sediment production, flooding and deposition.
Evapotranspiration prediction for European forest sites does not improve with assimilation of in situ soil water content data
Authors: Strebel Lukas , Bogena Heye , Vereecken Harry , Andreasen Mie , Aranda-Barranco Sergio , Hendricks Franssen Harrie-Jan
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are an important tool for advancing our knowledge of the Earth system. LSMs are constantly improved to represent the various terrestrial processes in more detail. High-quality data, freely available from various observation networks, are being used to improve the prediction of terrestrial states and fluxes of water and energy. To optimize LSMs with observations, data assimilation methods and tools have been developed in the past decades. We apply the coupled Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5) and Parallel Data Assimilation Framework (PDAF) system (CLM5-PDAF) for 13 forest field sites throughout Europe covering different climate zones. The goal of this study is to assimilate in situ soil moisture measurements into CLM5 to improve the modeled evapotranspiration fluxes. The modeled fluxes will be evaluated using the predicted evapotranspiration fluxes with eddy covariance (EC) systems. Most of the sites use point-scale measurements from sensors placed in the ground; however, for three of the forest sites we use soil water content data from cosmic-ray neutron sensors, which have a measurement scale closer to the typical land surface model grid scale and EC footprint. Our results show that while data assimilation reduced the root-mean-square error for soil water content on average by 56 % to 64 %, the root-mean-square error for the evapotranspiration estimation is increased by 4 %. This finding indicates that only improving the soil water content (SWC) estimation of state-of-the-art LSMs such as CLM5 is not sufficient to improve evapotranspiration estimates for forest sites. To improve evapotranspiration estimates, it is also necessary to consider the representation of leaf area index (LAI) in magnitude and timing, as well as uncertainties in water uptake by roots and vegetation parameters.
European summer weather linked to North Atlantic freshwater anomalies in preceding years
Authors: Oltmanns Marilena , Holliday N. Penny , Screen James , Moat Ben I. , Josey Simon A. , Evans D. Gwyn , Bacon Sheldon
Published: February 2024

Abstract. Amplified Arctic ice loss in recent decades has been linked to the increased occurrence of extreme mid-latitude weather. The underlying mechanisms remain elusive, however. One potential link occurs through the ocean as the loss of sea ice and glacial ice leads to increased freshwater fluxes into the ocean. Thus, in this study, we examine the link between North Atlantic freshwater anomalies and European summer weather. Combining a comprehensive set of observational products, we show that stronger freshwater anomalies are associated with a sharper sea surface temperature front between the subpolar and the subtropical North Atlantic in winter, an increased atmospheric instability above the sea surface temperature front, and a large-scale atmospheric circulation that induces a northward shift in the North Atlantic Current, strengthening the sea surface temperature front. In the following summer, the lower-tropospheric winds are deflected northward along the enhanced sea surface temperature front and the European coastline, forming part of a large-scale atmospheric circulation anomaly that is associated with warmer and drier weather over Europe. The identified statistical links are significant on timescales from years to decades and indicate an enhanced predictability of European summer weather at least a winter in advance, with the exact regions and amplitudes of the warm and dry weather anomalies over Europe being sensitive to the location, strength, and extent of North Atlantic freshwater anomalies in the preceding winter.
Consejos para escribir un artículo científico
Authors: Terrasa Sergio A. , Sguiglia Schütz Sebastián A.
Published: February 2024

La escritura de artículos académicos es una competencia necesaria para la difusión del conocimiento científico y para el desarrollo profesional de quienes trabajan en diversas disciplinas. Sin embargo, a pesar de su importancia, esta habilidad compleja no suele ser enseñada en forma sistemática, lo que puede operar como una barrera para que los investigadores comuniquen los resultados de sus trabajos.En la primera entrega, los autores sintetizaron los principales consejos que han brindado expertos en la temática, añadiendo algunos de su experiencia personal que consideran útiles para facilitar el proceso de la escritura académica y el desarrollo de esta competencia en un contexto colaborativo. En esta segunda entrega profundizan respecto de la problemática de la escritura de las diferentes secciones de un artículo científico y ofrecerán consejos para optimizarla y volverla lo más eficaz posible.
Optimising corporate governance for financial performance in family firms: A configuration approach using qualitative comparative analysis
Authors:   , Dunstan Matthew
Published: February 2024

This thesis reveals that family-owned businesses in Australia can achieve financial success through various governance strategies, regardless of their age or size. It challenges common beliefs by showing that older, established family firms actually thrive with less formal and more flexible governance structures. In contrast, younger family businesses do better with smaller, less formal governance arrangements. A key finding is the significant impact of having the same person as both CEO and board chair, which requires careful balancing with the level of board independence to ensure profit growth.
Un análisis interdisciplinar del conjunto escultórico del Monasterio de San Salvador de Oña (1141-1460)
Authors: Cuesta Sánchez Ana María
Published: February 2024

Este estudio exhaustivo aborda la evolución del conjunto arquitectónico del refectorio del Monasterio de San Salvador de Oña desde su fundación en 1141 hasta su última decoración entre 1430 y 1460. Se emplea una metodología interdisciplinaria que integra fuentes históricas, técnicas artísticas y avanzados análisis químicos, incluyendo FTIR, UV, SEM-BSE y GC-MS, para proporcionar una visión comprehensiva de este enclave patrimonial. La contextualización histórica examina la importancia del monasterio en el contexto medieval, mientras que la revisión bibliográfica evalúa críticamente fuentes documentales y estudios previos sobre arquitectura románica y gótica en monasterios medievales. La metodología propuesta abarca técnicas artísticas para el análisis de la talla y decoración, así como técnicas de análisis químico para identificar materiales y capas internas. Los resultados revelan la evolución estilística desde el gótico hasta el renacimiento, proporcionando una visión sinérgica de los aspectos artísticos y químicos. La discusión interpreta estos hallazgos en relación con eventos históricos y cambios en la práctica artística. Este estudio contribuye significativamente a la comprensión de la arquitectura monástica medieval, destacando la utilidad de una aproximación interdisciplinar para desentrañar la complejidad histórica y artística de un sitio tan emblemático como el Monasterio de San Salvador de Oña.
Entrevista com lideranças na promoção da ética em pesquisa e da integridade acadêmica e científica
Authors: Coutinho Angela Scalabrin , Leite Sandra Fernandes , Foltýnek Tomáš , Comas Forgas Rubén , Fernandes Frederico Garcia , Vasconcelos Sonia Maria Ramos , Mainardes Jefferson
Published: February 2024

Ao longo do tempo, inúmeros pesquisadores/as têm assumido, em diferentes instâncias, a promoção da ética em pesquisa e da integridade acadêmica e científica, por meio da criação de redes de pesquisa, grupos de pesquisa, coordenação de comissões, proposição de eventos. Nesta seção, apresentamos entrevistas realizadas com alguns desses expoentes e líderes no cenário internacional ou nacional: Tomáš Foltýnek (República Tcheca), Rubén Comas Forgas (Espanha), Frederico Garcia Fernandes (Brasil), Sonia Maria Ramos Vasconcelos (Brasil) e Jefferson Mainardes (Brasil).
ROOTS, ORIGINS AND DEVELOPMENT OF RHYTHMIC GYMNASTICS: A HISTORICAL INSIGHT
Authors: Johannes Cleophas Francois , T. Visser Una
Published: February 2024

Rhythmic gymnastics is a sport that was designed to be the more feminine sister discipline of women’s artistic gymnastics. Its roots, however, are embedded in a male hegemonic European history that manipulated elements of dance, physiology and pedagogy. Key role players were François Delsarte, Émile Jaques-Dalcroze, Isadora Duncan and George Demeny who greatly influenced the development of rhythmic gymnastics. These individuals extended previous work of the earlier gymnastics pioneers – Johan Guts Muths, Ludwig Jahn and Per Ling. Since its inception as a competitive sport in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics during the 1940s, rhythmic gymnastics expanded greatly until it was officially recognised by the International Federation of Gymnastics (FIG) in 1962. In 1963, the first World Championship competition was held and the sport gained increased international traction. This study aims to investigate social and political factors that contributed to the development of rhythmic gymnastics, from its origins in the European systems up to its recognition as an independent sport in 1973. We conclude our article with the supposition that the sport did not directly challenge male hegemonic systems, but that women in this sport started shifting gender expectations and norms.
VALUES DEVELOPMENT THROUGH GYMNASTIC EDUCATION IN PRESCHOOL CHILDREN
Authors: YÜRÜK Sinem , SÖNMEZ Sibel , KAZAK Feride Zişan
Published: February 2024

Physical education and sports are at the forefront of many schools of thought when it comes to values education since sport has the power to provide a universal framework for learning values. For this reason, the aim of this study is to examine the development of values in children aged four and five who start their gymnastics education in early childhood. In the experimentally planned study, the children's families filled the values scale as a pre-test and post-test, and the changes were examined. The population of the research group consisted of children aged four to five who attended the gymnastics course opened by a private club in the Akhisar district of Manisa during the summer period. The sample group consisted of 49 children whose consent was obtained after informing their families. The Preschool Values Scale Family Form (PVSFF), developed by Neslitürk and Çeliköz (2015), was used as a measurement tool. Although there was no significant difference between the pre-test and post-test mean scores of the Preschool Values Scale Family Form, a significant difference was found only in the responsibility sub-dimension of the scale. Therefore, it is understood that children can gain values, especially responsibility, through lifelong game-based sports. Considering that learning through game is important in early childhood, it is thought that emphasizing the concept of values in the movement or sports education programs to be structured and to inform the teachers, coaches or consultants working in this field is crucial.
Improvement of the quality of pork meat during salting due to the use of starter bacterial cultures
Authors: Danylenko Svitlana , Nedorizanyuk Liana , Potemska Oksana , Korol Тsvitana , Ivaniuta Anastasiia , Kryzhova Yuliya , Israelian Valentyna , Kovalenko Nataliia
Published: February 2024

The influence of the starter cultures, such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus, L. plantarum, Kocuria rosea, Staphylococcus carnosus, L. plantarum, L. rhamnosus and L. paracasei, on the functional-technological and physicochemical characteristics of the pork meat during the salting is investigated in this paper. It has been proven that the use of these starter cultures in the technology of raw ba-lik products makes it possible to obtain finished products with improved quality indicators, which is promising in the food industry. It had been shown that in the pork meat samples with the starter cultures, the acidity from 5.74 pH units is more intensively decreased – to 5.52 pH units compared to the control sample (up to 5.64 pH units). Using the starter cultures based on nitrite-reducing microorganisms for the salting in 72 hours positively influenced the formation of the required colour characteristics. It had been established that the moisture-binding capacity and plasticity of the pork meat samples with the starter cultures are characterised by the increased indicators compared with the control sample – by 4.73% and 7.73% and by 2.19 cm2.g, respectively. The difference in the volatile fatty acids content in the pork meat samples with the starter cultures compared with the control sample is 22 and 33%, respectively, in 72 hours of salting. The obtained results can be used in the enterprises of the meat processing industry to produce fermented meat products, particularly raw dried logs.