bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Évaluation de l’intelligence des enfants au Maroc : état des connaissances et des pratiques
Authors: Sabri Hayat , Bosse Marie-Line , Roulin Jean-Luc
Published: February 2022

Cet article traite de la pratique de l’évaluation de l’intelligence des enfants au Maroc et des biais inhérents à l’usage fréquent, au Maroc, de l’échelle d’intelligence de Wechsler pour enfants (WISC) dans sa version française. L’universalité du concept d’intelligence face aux différences culturelles est d’abord discutée, ainsi que les différents types de biais possibles. Les spécificités de la culture marocaine sont ensuite détaillées, ainsi que plusieurs exemples de biais de mesure consécutifs à l’utilisation du WISC francophone au Maroc dans le domaine verbal et visuo-spatial. Enfin, nous présentons les résultats d’une enquête menée auprès de 50 psychologues marocains, qui montre que les nombreux psychologues qui utilisent le WISC au Maroc, conscients de certains biais, modifient les modalités de passation et/ou de cotation standardisées. Enfin, nous discutons les différents types de questionnements à avoir lors de l’adaptation d’un outil psychométrique à des environnements culturels très différents de ceux de leur pays d’origine.
Pourquoi en vient-on à renoncer à ses droits sociaux ? Le cas du non-recours aux droits et dispositifs liés au handicap
Authors: Berrat Brigitte
Published: February 2022

L’analyse des causes de renoncement à des droits sociaux met en évidence les distorsions entre “l’offre de reconnaissance” proposée par les politiques publiques - fondée sur des principes de catégorisation et de ciblage - et les attentes de reconnaissance telles qu’elles sont éprouvées par les personnes concernées : cette offre de reconnaissance est tantôt ressentie par les bénéficiaires potentiels comme dépréciative, décalée ou insatisfaisante. Cette dimension renvoie notamment à des “conflits de normes” : les conceptions de l’autonomie, de la solidarité, de l’intégration et de la participation notamment, que revendiquent les individus, apparaissent en effet déterminantes dans la compréhension de leur attitude face à l’offre publique. Dans certains cas, et paradoxalement, le renoncement apparaît comme la stratégie la plus pertinente pour maintenir le « respect de soi » et « l’estime de soi » (A.Honneth, 2006).
Enjeux de citoyenneté et de participation politique des jeunes à la croisée des rapports sociaux
Authors: Gavray Claire
Published: February 2022

Une approche genrée d’un échantillon de jeunes belges francophones fréquentant l’enseignement secondaire et âgés de 16 et 20 ans (889 sujets dont 51.5 % de filles et 48.5 % de garçons) montre tout l’intérêt qu’il y a à croiser les rapports sociaux de sexe et de classe (via la section scolaire fréquentée) dans la compréhension du positionnement des jeunes face à la politique. On voit ainsi émerger une jeunesse largement consciente de sa chance de vivre en Europe et en Belgique, mais assez désillusionnée et critique par rapport à une vision classique et diffuse de la politique, ainsi que par rapport aux différents niveaux de pouvoir politique. Les jeunes se refusent à entériner des décisions et évolutions qu’ils perçoivent contraires à leurs intérêts et à la marche harmonieuse du monde.
Un dispositif pédagogique out of the box pour encourager la collaboration interdisciplinaire / interprofessionnelle ?
Authors: Friedel Marie
Published: February 2022

Des séminaires interdisciplinaires réunissent, depuis 2006, à l’initiative de la Haute École Léonard de Vinci (Bruxelles, Belgique), des étudiants de 3 e année en soins infirmiers et des étudiants de 5 e année en médecine. L’objectif est d’encourager ces étudiants au processus de délibération éthique, tout en déconstruisant les stéréotypes véhiculés entre disciplines. Les résultats issus des autoévaluations mises en place chaque année montrent que les bénéfices de ce dispositif sont multiples : démystification du rôle du médecin par les étudiants infirmiers, renforcement de l’identité infirmière, reconnaissance par les étudiants en médecine des difficultés vécues par les infirmiers, identification de la complexité d’une situation éthique, perception de la richesse de combiner les perspectives, et appropriation d’outils pour faciliter la collaboration interdisciplinaire – et plus particulièrement le processus de prise de décision éthique clinique.
Vers une typologie de performances financières des PME familiales transmises : le cas du Cameroun
Authors: Abbo Mohamadou , van Caillie Didier
Published: February 2022

La distinction de profils de performances financières dans les entreprises familiales transmises est peu explorée dans la littérature alors que la question de sa performance après la transmission est de plus en plus préoccupante (Stanley, Kellermanns et Zellweger, 2017 ; Kotlar et Chrisman, 2019). L’objectif de cette recherche est de dresser un profil explicatif de performances financières que peuvent avoir les PME familiales transmises. Les données ont été collectées auprès de 52 PME familiales ayant connu une transmission de management au Cameroun. Après une analyse typologique et une Analyse Factorielle des Correspondances Multiples (AFCM), les résultats mettent en évidence l’existence de 3 profils qui comprennent des entreprises avec des caractéristiques de comportements hétérogènes : le culturel, l’ethnique et l’hybride. Ces résultats mis en perspective avec les résultats d’études semblables menées en contexte africain et mondial vont permettre de relever les défis de sa pérennisation par les gestionnaires.
Sensorimotor Outcomes in Pediatric Patients With Ocular Trauma in Baltimore
Authors: Junn Sue , Pharr Courtney , Chen Victoria , Williams Katherine , Alexander Janet , Park Hee-Jung , Kraus Courtney , Levin Moran Roni
Published: February 2022

Purpose:

To evaluate sensorimotor outcomes following traumatic open globe injuries in the pediatric population.

Methods:

A retrospective cohort of 80 pediatric patients aged 0.4 to 17.7 years (mean age: 9.3 years, median age: 8.3 years) presenting with traumatic open globe injury to the Johns Hopkins and University of Maryland Medical Centers was evaluated between January 2006 and January 2020. Parameters included the mechanism of injury, length of time of visual deprivation, initial and final visual acuity, additional eye pathologies, and demographic factors such as age and sex.

Results:

Among children with more than 6 months of follow-up, 77.4% developed poor stereopsis and 50% developed strabismus. Children who developed strabismus had a lower Pediatric Ocular Trauma Score (POTS), indicating greater severity of injury, than children who did not develop strabismus (
P
= .005, chi-square test). A higher POTS, indicating less severe ocular injury, significantly correlated to a better stereoacuity (
P
= .001, chi-square test).

Conclusions:

The findings indicate that strabismus and poor stereopsis are common in pediatric open globe injuries, occurring in more than half of children with pediatric open globe trauma. These outcomes are associated with poor presenting visual acuity, more severe ocular trauma, and a lower presenting POTS.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol & Strabismus
. 2022;59(5):303–309.]
A remark on the invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) method for preserving the original energy dissipation laws
Authors: Zhang Zengyan , Gong Yuezheng , Zhao Jia
Published: February 2022

In this letter, we revisit the invariant energy quadratization (IEQ) method and provide a new perspective on its ability to preserve the original energy dissipation laws. The IEQ method has been widely used to design energy stable numerical schemes for phase-field or gradient flow models. Although there are many merits of the IEQ method, one major disadvantage is that the IEQ method usually respects a modified energy law, where the modified energy is expressed in the auxiliary variables. Still, the dissipation laws in terms of the original energy are not guaranteed by the IEQ method. Using the widely-used Cahn-Hilliard equation as an example, we demonstrate that the Runge-Kutta IEQ method indeed can preserve the original energy dissipation laws for certain situations up to arbitrary high-order accuracy. Interested readers are encouraged to extend this idea to more general cases and apply it to other thermodynamically consistent models.
FIRE RISK ASSESSMENT IN UPSTREAM OIL AND GAS COMPANY TO PREVENT CATASTROPHIC EFFECTS IN OFFSHORE FACILITIES
Authors: Zulpikar A M , Widiana D R , Praharsi Y , Nugraha A T , Dhani M R
Published: February 2022

Operations in upstream oil and gas companies had a high risk of fire. The huge fire that occurred at the liquified petroleum gas (LPG) facility can cause the LPG production process to stop for approximately five months. In this case, the offshore facilities must de-pressurize and shut down the production wells to cut off the supply of hydrocarbons to the onshore facilities. This study aims to assess the fire risk in the hydrocarbon containment: crude oil and LPG storage tanks. The method used was Task Risk Assessment (TRA) which adjusted to the company. The results in crude oil storage tanks obtained 3 high-risk potential hazards were hydrocarbon gas release, hydrocarbon liquid release from the bleeder vent, and crude oil spills. In LPG sphere storage tanks, there are 2 high-risk potential hazards were gas clouds from pipes and LPG spills. The recommendation is carry out the control based on the hierarchy.
THE DESIGN AND SIMULATION OF THE LINEAR ENGINE GENERATOR USED FOR ELECTRIC PROPULSION SYSTEM OF THE MARINE TRANSPORTATION AND OFFSHORE GAS/OIL PLATFORMS
Authors: Li M , Ngwaka U , Wu D , Zhang F , Chen G
Published: February 2022

Maritime shipping and offshore gas/oil platforms account for a large amount of greenhouse gas emissions. It is beneficial to use the linear engine generator (LEG) fuelled by low or zero-carbon fuel as the electric propulsion system for marine transportation and offshore gas/oil platforms to achieve net-zero carbon emission. The LEG could replace the
diesel engine and gas turbine for marine applications, with its advantages of simple mechanical structure and adaptability to various fuels, such as hydrogen, ammonia, methane, biofuels, and various energy sources like nuclear and solar energy. This article introduces the ammonia/hydrogen-fuelled LEG prototype for electric propulsion system for
marine transportation. The LEG parametric sensitivity analyses are done for performance evaluation through simulation modelling. Furthermore, a detailed design of 1.8 kW electrical output LEG is presented.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE STRENGTH OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL MADE OF CARBON FIBRES WITH A MIXTURE OF KEVLAR FIBRES AND PINEAPPLE FIBRES AS AN ADVANCE
MATERIAL FOR MINE HUNTER HULL MATERIAL
Authors: Kusuma Cahya
Published: February 2022

The advantages of sandwich material compared to metal materials are its lighter weight and low magnetism, making it suitable for use as minehunting ship hull material. In this study, the authors will make a carbon fiber sandwich with a mixture of Kevlar fiber and pineapple sisal fiber compared to GRP (Glass Reinforced Polyester). This research uses the technique of making Vacuum Assessment Resin Infusion (VARI). Strength test with tensile test, impact test and hardness test using ASTM standard. Based on the test results, carbon composite with a mixture of pineapple fiber has a maximum stress of 70,8008 N/mm2 which can be used as a hull material with a maximum length of 24m. While the
carbon sandwich with kevlar has a maximum stress of 382,408N/mm2, GRP has a maximum stress of 127.24N/mm2. Carbon fiber material with kevlar can be used for boats longer than 24m.
ESTIMATION OF EXHAUST GAS EMISSIONS OF LONGLINEVESSELS 51-100 GT AT NIZAM ZACHMAN OCEANIC FISHING PORT
Authors: Kurniawati Vita R , Syahrin Choirin Alvia , Novita Yopi
Published: February 2022

The increase of exhaust emissions from longline vessels has long-term impacts. Accordingly, management measures are necessary, and therefore, information about the current status of exhaust emissions from longline vessels is required. This research was intended to estimate exhaust emissions of longline vessels based on fuel consumption. The result was presented in Fuel Use Intensity (FUI) per fish production calculated in kg and 1,000 Rupiah income. This research was conducted at Nizam Zachman Oceanic Fishing Port, focusing on longline vessels between 51-100 GT. The result shows that the average fuel consumption is 179 tons per vessel, contributing 1.328 kg of CO, 1.964 kg of NOx, 3.393 kg of SOx, and 54 kg of PM. Furthermore, inaccuracy issues found in statistical reports caused FUI of longline vessels to be remarkably higher than the world FUI for a similar group. This research concludes that the operation of longline vessels was fuel inefficient.
EFFECT OF OCCUPATIONAL, NON OCCUPATIONAL, AND SOCIODEMOGRAPHICS CHARACTERISTICS FACTORS TO THE FATIGUE RISK OF SHIP STEEL SMELTING PRODUCTION WORKERS
Authors: Disrinama A M , Rachman F , Mahardika S Y P
Published: February 2022

Work fatigue is a process of decreasing efficiency, work performance, and reduced physical strength or endurance to continue the activities that must be done. This study was conducted to determine the effect of occupational factors (work climate, physical workload), non-occupational factors (sleep quality, disease history, exercise habits, drinking water consumption), and socio-demographic characteristics (age, marital status, nutritional status, childhood). work) against work fatigue. Based on the results of research using the Industrial Fatigue Research Committee questionnaire, as many
as 36% of workers experienced moderate fatigue and 22% of workers experienced severe fatigue. The research method used ordinal logistic regression, Mann Whitney and Kruskall Wallis. The results of the partial test showed that sleep quality (p-value 0.021), age (p-value 0.009), and years of service (p-value 0.000) had an effect on work fatigue. The results of the different test indicate that there are no variables that have differences in work fatigue. The recommendations given are doing progressive muscle relaxation, education about important aspects of sleep quality, changing work positions, providing job rotation and training planning, conducting regular and periodic medical check-ups.
MONITORING AND FAULT DETECTION OF MAIN ENGINE COOLING WATER BASED ON MODBUS COMMUNICATION AND INTERFACE
Authors: Nugraha A T , Tiwana M Z A
Published: February 2022

The main engine failure can damage the engine system, reduce navigation safety, and lead to severe maritime accidents. The cooling system is essential to avoid engine mechanical efficiency reduction and engine failure due to overheating. Thus, a monitoring and fault detection system is needed. The system made is based on RS485 Modbus Communication and Interface. The acquisition device uses existing components in the 7S-50MC Diesel Engine. PLC is used as a processing device and Logic Panel Autonics S070 as an interface. From the test, fault detection in this study can provide error indicators when abnormal conditions occur. In addition, data monitoring and system error indication can be displayed clearly on the Interface. Testing this system proves compliance with Biro Klasifikasi Indonesia (BKI) rules regarding the machinery alarm system. The developed research can be the basis for a more complex and reliable monitoring and fault detection system for application on ships.
REVERIE Virtual Hangout
Authors: Doumanis Ioannis , Economou Daphne
Published: February 2022

Social media sites have gained popularity in the past decade by enabling people to create and share content online easily. However, social media cannot engage users on a level beyond content prosumption to create immersive experiences. A promising technology to create such experiences is multimodal virtual reality. REVERIE is a multimodal framework with an integrated workflow for developing immersive experiences, including various forms of virtual representation of human users (e.g., replicas and avatars). To demonstrate the social and collaborative capabilities of the framework, the authors created the Virtual Hangout. It features a VE where people can meet online to socialise and collaborate. This paper presents a study designed to evaluate user immersion using participants with variable computer skills. The results showed that participants experienced engagement-based immersion but not presence. Barriers to immersion were the absence of pleasurable interactions and the participants' computer skills. The authors propose DGs for deeply immersive experiences in Virtual Hangout and similar systems.
Adaptive Peak Environmental Density Clustering Algorithm in Cloud Computing Technology
Authors: Zhang Qiangshan
Published: February 2022

In order to get sparsity clustering ability of unbalanced cloud data set, combined with adaptive environment density screening, data clustering was carried out, and an improved adaptive environment density peak clustering algorithm under cloud computing technology was proposed. The storage structure model of grid sparse unbalanced cloud data set is constructed, and structure of grid sparse unbalanced cloud data set is reconstructed by combining feature space reconstruction technology. Rough feature quantity of grid sparse unbalanced cloud data set is extracted, and feature extraction and registration are carried out through strict feature registration method. Cloud fusion and peak feature clustering were carried out according to the grid block distribution of the data set. Peak feature quantities of the grid sparse unbalanced cloud data set were extracted, and binary semantic feature distributed detection of the data was carried out.
Technique of Classification, Organization, Creation, and Use of Collective Knowledge
Authors: Ruesgas Laura García , Blanco Ángel Fidalgo , Blanco Pilar Fernández
Published: February 2022

During the teaching of a subject, engineering in this particular case, students acquire knowledge through different learning activities that are guided by the teaching staff. In this process, students work with the resources and activities provided by the faculty, acquiring knowledge and demonstrating it through an exam. In this work, students have been asked to share their learning experience and to create knowledge resources that can facilitate learning. Thus, collective knowledge has been created in the subject, which can be used by anyone. The work has shown that students can create useful knowledge for the subject, as well as establish an ontological classification of all the knowledge necessary for learning the subject. The results of this analysis show the ontology defined by the students that is applicable to any subject. This study also describes the process carried out for the creation and management of knowledge by the students themselves, as well as the perception of the use of the collective knowledge created.
Antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activity of manuka essential oil against Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus of food origin
Authors: Pedonese Francesca , Longo Eleonora , Torracca Beatrice , Najar Basma , Fratini Filippo , Nuvoloni Roberta
Published: February 2022

The activity of manuka (Leptospermum scoparium) essential oil (EO) on biofilms of foodborne Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus has been studied. Seven strains of L. monocytogenes and 7 of S. aureus (5 methicillin-resistant) were tested. EO minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), EO minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and biofilm production quantification were determined for each strain by microtiter methods. Moreover, EO Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) and Minimum Biofilm Eradicating Concentration (MBEC) were determined on 2 L. monocytogenes and 3 S. aureus that showed the best biofilm production. Finally, on 4 strains out of 5 (2 L. monocytogenes and 2 S. aureus) EO Biofilm Reduction Percentage (BRP) vs. untreated controls was assessed after a treatment with EO subinhibitory concentrations. The chemical composition of manuka essential oil was determined by Gas Chromatography- Electron Impact Mass Spectrometry (GCEIMS). The manuka EO demonstrated good antimicrobial activity: L. monocytogenes MIC and MBC were 0.466 mg/ml and 0.933 mg/ml, respectively, whereas S. aureus MIC and MBC were 0.233 mg/ml and 0.466 mg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, L. monocytogenes showed a MBIC of 0.933 mg/ml and a MBEC in the range of 0.933–1.865 mg/ml, whereas S. aureus had a MBIC in the range of 7.461–14.922 mg/ml and a MBEC of 14.922 mg/ml. L. monocytogenes revealed no significant BRP after the treatment with manuka EO, whereas S. aureus showed a BRP higher than 50% with MIC/2 and MIC/4 EO concentrations. These results provide information for feasible manuka EO applications in food production systems.
Trattamento chirurgico della sterilità di origine tubarica
Authors: Marana Riccardo , Catalano Giovan Fiore , Muzii Ludovico
Published: February 2022

Circa il 40% dei casi di sterilità femminile sono di origine tubo-peritoneale. Le cause principali di danno tubarico sono rappresentate da episodi di salpingite, pelviperitonite, pregressi interventi chirurgici ed endometriosi pelvica. L'affinamento delle tecniche microchirurgiche e l'introduzione della laparoscopia operativa, hanno permesso di migliorare le percentuali di gravidanze ottenibili in queste pazienti, diminuendo allo stesso tempo il "discomfort" per la paziente. L'introduzione della salpingoscopia ha inoltre permesso di individuare le pazienti che possono trarre beneficio da un intervento, evitando di operare le pazienti con danno irreversibile della mucosa tubarica. I risultati ottenibili con la microchirurgia e la laparoscopia operativa sono migliori di quelli ottenibili con la F.I.V.E.T., per cui queste tecniche rimangono la terapia di elezione di tale patologia.
Age, Sex, and Years of Experience: Examining Burnout Among Secondary School Athletic Trainers
Authors: Singe Stephanie M. , Cairns Alexandrya , Eason Christianne M.
Published: February 2022

Context

Burnout is occurring in the athletic training profession. Although data on burnout are growing, the secondary school employment setting is often overlooked in research. With the employment of athletic trainers in the secondary school setting growing rapidly, a better understanding of burnout is warranted, as it has been linked to attrition.

Objective

To better understand burnout among secondary school athletic trainers using the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), with a particular focus on differences between men and women.

Design

Cross-sectional survey.

Setting

Secondary school athletic trainers.

Patients or Other Participants

Athletic trainers who work in the secondary school setting were recruited via email to participate in the online survey. A total of 572 (373 women, 195 men, and 4 unreported) responses were included after we filtered out incomplete responses.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Participants were asked to complete an online survey, which consisted of demographic and workplace questions along with 3 scales (ie, Perceived Stress Scale, CBI, and Work-Family Conflict Scale). Nonparametric analysis was used to investigate the differences in scale scores between groups.

Results

Participants reported a mean score of 40.1 (± 16.28) on the CBI scale. Women's scores were higher on the personal burnout subscale (t570 = 24.501, P ≤ .001), work-related burnout subscale (t570 = 11.347, P ≤ .001), and total CBI (t570 = 9.423, P = .002). Participants who were ≤30 years of age scored higher on the personal burnout subscale (t515 = 5.53, P = .019), work-related subscale (t515 = 7.812, P = .005), and total CBI (t515 = 4.194, P = .041). Those with ≤3 years of experience scored higher on the personal burnout subscale (t570 = 11.213, P ≤ .001), work-related burnout subscale (t570 = 6.557, P = .010), and total CBI (t570 = 4.722, P = .030).

Conclusions

Low levels of burnout are being reported among secondary school athletic trainers. Female athletic trainers experienced greater levels of burnout, as well as personal and work-related burnout. Early-career athletic trainers also reported higher levels of burnout, suggesting the need for more support during this time.
Optimism, But Not Locus of Control, Moderates Burnout in Professional Master's Athletic Training Students
Authors: Anderson Bethany L. , Bartlett Olivia C. , Osborne Randall , Downey Darcy , Farnsworth James L.
Published: February 2022

Context

Burnout is a common concern in the field of athletic training that may affect athletic training students. They may experience burnout because of stressors related to their clinical education responsibilities and course load. Various buffers have been suggested to reduce burnout in other health care settings; however, there is a limited body of research examining the effect of locus of control and optimism as buffers against burnout in athletic training populations.

Objective

To investigate whether a perceived internal locus of control and/or optimism can provide a buffer against burnout in athletic training students.

Design and Setting

A cross-sectional observational research design via Qualtrics survey.

Patients or Other Participants

A total of 48 professional master's athletic training students enrolled in Commission on Accrediting Athletic Training Education–accredited programs.

Data Collection and Analysis

Participants were sent a survey link that included demographic questions, the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Life Orientation Test–Revised, and the Rotter Internal/External Locus of Control Scale. Three multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine the relationships of personal burnout, work-related burnout, and client-related burnout with optimism and locus of control. A Pearson correlation was conducted on the significant findings to determine the strength of relationship among variables.

Main Outcome Measure(s)

Copenhagen Burnout Inventory, Life Orientation Test–Revised, Rotter Internal/External Locus of Control Scale.

Results

Significant relationships were identified between optimism and personal burnout (t = −3.30, P = .002) and between optimism and work-related burnout. (t = −2.48, P = .02). No significant relationships were identified between locus of control and any of the burnout-related variables (P > .05).

Conclusion

Optimism could be an effective buffer against student burnout in professional master's athletic training programs. Athletic training programs should implement various strategies to promote student optimism including proper social support strategies, time management, and stress management to help reduce the onset of burnout in students.
Beta-lactamase resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae from Nigeria
Authors: Awosile Babafela B. , Agbaje Michael , Adebowale Oluwawemimo , Kehinde Olugbenga , Omoshaba Ezekiel
Published: February 2022

Background: Beta-lactamase genes are one of the most important groups of antimicrobial resistance genes in human and animal health. Therefore, continuous surveillance of this group of resistance genes is needed for a better understanding of the local epidemiology within a country and global dissemination.Aim: This review was carried out to identify different beta-lactamase resistance genes reported in published literature from Nigeria.Methods: Systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out on eligible Nigerian articles retrieved from electronic literature searches of PubMed®, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar published between January 1990 and December 2019. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses method was adopted to facilitate clarity and transparency in reporting review findings.Results: Fifty-seven articles were included. All beta-lactamases reported were detected from Gram-negative bacteria, particularly from Enterobacteriaceae. Thirty-six different beta-lactamase genes were reported in Nigeria. These genes belong to the narrow-spectrum, AmpC, extended-spectrum and carbapenemase beta-lactamase resistance genes. The pooled proportion estimate of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes in Nigeria was 31% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 26% – 36%, p  0.0001), while the estimate of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in Nigeria was 46% (95% CI: 36% – 57%, p  0.0001). The proportion estimate of AmpC genes was 32% (95% CI: 11% – 52%, p  0.001), while the estimate for carbapenemases was 8% (95% CI: 5% – 12%, p  0.001).Conclusion: This study provides information on beta-lactamase distribution in Nigeria. This is necessary for a better understanding of molecular epidemiology of clinically important beta-lactamases, especially the extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and carbapenemases in Nigeria.
Patient safety attitude among healthcare workers at different levels of healthcare in Sharqia Governorate, Egypt
Authors: Hussein Yasmin H.H. , Eldeeb Seham M. , Elshamy Raghda A. , Eldin Rasha M.B.
Published: February 2022

Background: Patient safety (PS) has been identified as a significant healthcare challenge. A good safety attitude helps healthcare workers (HCWs) to decrease medical errors.Aim: This study aimed to assess the PS attitude and identify its determinants among HCWs.Setting: This study was conducted in Sharqia Governorate at different levels of health care.Methods: This was a comparative cross-sectional study that involved240 HCWs selected after using a multistage cluster sampling technique from Sharqia Governorate.In ordertto assess the respondents’ attitudes towards PS, the modified Chinese Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (CSAQ) was used.Results: The scale with the highest percentage of positive responses, on average, was safety climate (49.59%). The study found a statistically significant association between the level of health care and mean scores of ‘teamwork climate, perception of management, job satisfaction, working conditions, and stress recognition’ and the overall CSAQ score. In regression analysis, the highest degree of education and job type were significant predictors of PS attitude among the HCWs under study (p = 0.031 and 0.011, respectively).Conclusion: According to the study’s findings, PS is low among HCWs in both healthcare units and hospitals, with a significantly higher score among hospital workers than among primary care workers. All PS composites need improvement starting with regular assessment of PS culture along with continuous monitoring.
Medical education at the time of the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Govender Indiran
Published: February 2022

No abstract available.
The presence of pain in community-dwelling South African manual wheelchair users with spinal cord injury
Authors: Mashola Mokgadi K. , Korkie Elzette , Mothabeng Diphale J.
Published: February 2022

Background: Pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) is common and is likely to continue throughout life with varying levels of severity.Objective: To determine the presence of pain, the sociodemographic and injury profile of community-dwelling manual wheelchair users.Method: This quantitative correlational study used a sociodemographic and injury profile sheet and the Douleur Neuropathique 4 Questions (DN4) questionnaire to document demographic, SCI profiles as well as pain characteristics. Pain severity was determined using the Numeric Rating Scale. Data were analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) v27 at 0.05 level of significance.Results: The pain rate was 104; 85% of 122 participants and mainly in those with complete SCI (77.9%). Neuropathic pain was more common (76; 62.5%) and significantly associated (p 0.05) with higher pain severity. Pain was mainly in one area of the body (59; 48.4%) but occurring in up to five areas. The most painful area had a mean severity of 6.7/10; was more common in the lower limbs below the injury level (48; 39.4%); and was burning in nature (40; 32.7%).Conclusions: Pain after SCI is as problematic in the South African context as it is globally. With the rising SCI prevalence in the country, understanding pain and its presentation is important for holistic management of a person with SCI.Clinical implications: In-depth assessment of pain should be conducted and appropriate management interventions for specific pain types be prescribed to effectively reduce pain.
Developing a healthcare worker psychological preparedness support programme for the COVID-19 outbreak
Authors: Zingela Zukiswa , Van Wyk Stephan , Bronkhorst Aletta , Groves Carmenita
Published: February 2022

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak caused worldwide disruptions to healthcare systems. The emerging evidence indicates that mental health problems have consequently become an occupational hazard in frontline healthcare workers.Aim: We aimed to develop a psychological preparedness training (PPT) programme to support frontline health workers in three resource-limited hospitals in South Africa dealing with the COVID-19 outbreak and to evaluate its effectiveness using an audit tool. We established a theoretical framework and goals for a psychological preparedness programme to support healthcare workers at the study sites.Setting: Data were collected at the Dora Nginza Hospital, Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital and Elizabeth Donkin Hospital.Methods: We employed an observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional design. A group psychological intervention was developed and implemented at the three sites in South Africa, from mid-April 2020 over 20 weeks. We collected data using an audit tool to measure healthcare workers’ perceptions of the outbreak before and after the intervention. We analysed the data to test for a statistically significant difference between the pre-intervention and post-intervention audit tools.Results: We supported 761 healthcare workers during the 20 weeks of the programme. Statistical analysis showed a significant positive change from pre- to post-intervention measures in perceptions of health worker about the outbreak, their anxiety associated with the outbreak, their ability to control reactions to stress and the perception of their ability to support others. Feedback comments indicated that the programme was beneficial for the majority of those who attended.Conclusion: Health workers who attended the programme reported improvement in stress levels and in perceptions about their ability to cope with the outbreak, as well as in their perceptions of being able to support others.
Early Detection of Paediatric Cancer
Authors: Joseph Adedayo Olufemi , Balogun Onyinye D. , Akinsete Adeseye M. , Habeebu Muhammad Yaqub , Jimoh Mutiu Alani , Lasebikan Nwamaka N. , Oyeyinka Kanyinsola A. , Akindele Korede T. , Awofeso Opeyemi Mercy
Published: February 2022

Background:

Paediatric cancer patients in Nigeria continue to arrive at specialist centers with advanced-stage disease. The reasons for this are myriad, not least of which are delays in detection, diagnosis, and referral for treatment. While delayed presentation has often been reported from the perspective of delays from caregivers' decisions, institutional deficiencies in the health care system may account for an unmeasured portion of the factors leading to delayed presentation. This project centered around training of health-care professionals at community level to detect potential paediatric cancer signs and refer appropriately.

Aim:

The aim of the study is to access the immediate impact of training on early detection and referral of possible paediatric cancer cases in the community and primary level health care workers and professionals in the Southwest Nigeria.

Materials and Methods:

This was a retrospective review of the training impact in three South-Western states in Nigeria. Scores before and after the training were analyzed using the IBM SPSS statistics, version 23 (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA).

Results:

A total of 732 primary health care workers were trained. In the pre assessment evaluations, 44.8% of participants reported that cancer did not occur in children, 47.2% did not know any referral pathway for a child suspected of cancer. The post training assessment indicated an improvement in participants' understanding of common paediatric cancers types and how to refer a suspected case for specialist diagnosis and attention. Mean scores before and after the training were 3.5/15 and 12.5/15, respectively.

Conclusion:

Training health-care professionals working at the community level can have an immediate and measurable impact on early detection and referral for paediatric cancers, as seen by the difference in pre training and post training assessment scores. There remains a need for continuous training to ensure early referral and ultimately increase survival indices of children diagnosed with cancer in Nigeria.
Correlation between Physical Activity and Premenstrual Syndrome
Authors: Antonia Ezugwu Uchechukwu , Godwin Nseka Elizabeth , Petronilla Ojukwu Chidiebele , Echezona Ekechukwu Nelson , Uruchi Ezeigwe Anne , Paulinus Igweagu Chukwuma , Eneje Ezugwu Lazarus
Published: February 2022

Background:

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is a prevalent condition among sexually active women that manifests itself through a variety of physical, emotional, and behavioral symptoms during the end of the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle.

Aim:

This study aims to review studies that correlate physical activity with PMS.

Materials and Methods:

The literature search took place in four databases from the year 2000 to 2019.

Results:

Eight studies reported a positive correlation between physical activity, exercises, and PMS, while two reported a negative correlation.

Conclusion:

Physical exercise and PMS have a favorable association, according to the examined papers.
Bilateral Congenital Anophthalmia
Authors: Onebunne Ezinne Obioma , Ugalahi Mary Ogbenyi , Olusanya Bolutife Ayokunnu , Baiyeroju Aderonke Mojisola
Published: February 2022

This is a report of two cases of patients with bilateral congenital anophthalmos who presented to a tertiary hospital, in Ibadan Southwest Nigeria, with the aim of highlighting the need for increased implementation of fetal anomaly scans coverage during pregnancy in Nigeria. Information on patients' sociodemographic data, clinical features, and management are described. Both patients presented because of the inability of the parents to view the globes after delivery. Ophthalmic examination and ocular ultrasonography confirmed bilateral absence of the eyeballs in both patients and the parents were counseled on the anomaly including its treatment and prognosis.
Management of Achalasia in Pregnancy in a Resource-Poor Setting
Authors: Alioke Ikechukwuka Ifeanyichukwu
Published: February 2022

Achalasia is a rare motility disorder of the esophagus. Of more rarity is its occurrence in pregnancy. The disease is associated with varying degrees of malnutrition, with intrauterine growth restriction and even fetomaternal death reported in worse cases. Its diagnosis is usually confused for hyperemesis gravidarum in early pregnancy, and diagnosis is thus often delayed until the disease is advanced. Its evaluation and treatment pose a challenge due to associated fetomaternal risks of management. A case of achalasia diagnosed in the second trimester of pregnancy was presented. The patient was evaluated and subsequently had laparotomy and modified Heller's esophagocardiomyotomy with a good outcome. Based on a review of the literature and own experience, an algorithm is proposed for its evaluation and treatment in a resource-poor setting.
Associations of Untreated Caries and Experience among WHO-Recommended Adult Age Groups
Authors: Idon Paul Ikhodaro , Ikusika Oluwafeyisayo Francis , Ogundare Temiloluwa Olawale , Yusuf Janada , Enone Lillian Lami , Aliyu Aliyu Bappa
Published: February 2022

Background:

The shift in caries burden from children to adults and its rise among this population necessitates epidemiological studies to provide data on the trend and modifiable factors.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine prevalence of untreated caries, its contribution to caries experience, and related factors among WHO-recommended adult age groups.

Patients, Materials and Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted over a six-month period in 2021 among 451 adults recruited from a patient population in Northeast Nigeria. Sociodemographic characteristics and oral health practices were recorded. Intraoral assessment for untreated caries, filled, and missing teeth were carried out according to the WHO criteria. Data analysis included logistic regression to produce a model for predictive risk for caries, with emphasis on the WHO recommended adult age groups.

Results:

The prevalence of untreated caries (81.6%) was significantly (P < 0.05) related to age, occupation, education, dental visits, snacking, and toothbrushing frequency. It accounted for 65.7% of the overall decayed, missing, and filled teeth score (3.35 ± 3.00) and was significantly higher for participants <25 years (P = 0.044) compared to the middle aged (35–44 years) and elderly (65–74 years), class III occupation (P = 0.020), no formal education (P = 0.002), and irregular dental visits (P = 0.019). Occupation (β = 0.131, P = 0.016) and level of education (β = −0.132, P = 0.006) were significant predictors of dental caries occurrence.

Conclusion:

Caries experience was low, but the prevalence of untreated caries was very high and more common among younger adults. Socioeconomic status was an important determinant of caries presence.
Chronic Urticaria in Blacks
Authors: Gold-Olufadi Shakirat Ajoke , Ayanlowo Olusola , Akinkugbe Ayesha Omolara , Otrofanowei Erere
Published: February 2022

Background:

The etiology and pathophysiology of chronic urticaria is poorly understood with several implicated factors. The role of autoimmunity has been explored by several studies with such studies on chronic urticaria lacking in the black population despite the significant morbidity caused by chronic urticaria.

Aim:

We assessed the possible contribution of autoimmunity in the etiology of chronic urticaria using autologous serum skin testing (ASST).

Materials and Methods:

Sixty consecutive patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) with age- and sex-matched controls in a ratio of 2:1 had ASST done for comparison. Student's t-test and Chi-square were used to compare means and percentages, respectively.

Results:

The male:female ratio of CSU was 1:2.5 with females presenting more often. The ASST was noted to be significantly positive in patients compared to controls with a positivity rate of 68.3% in the former compared to 16.7% in the latter (P = 0.0001). A higher incidence of angioedema was also documented in patients with a positive ASST in association with urticaria (23/28, P = 0.04).

Conclusion:

Overall, we conclude from our study that autoimmunity may be a possible cause of chronic urticaria in Nigerians which may also be extrapolated to other black population. Patients with positive ASST may have more severe disease which may be important when educating and counselling the patients about the course of the disease. This study is the first to assess the possible role of autoimmunity in a predominantly black population and will serve as a baseline for future studies.
Comparative Sonographic Assessment of Thyroid Volume in Adult Diabetics and Nondiabetics in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, Uyo
Authors: Obasi Uzoma Oluchi , Akintomide Akintunde Olusijibomi
Published: February 2022

Background:

Diabetes mellitus and Thyroid disorders are known to mutually influence each other. Thyroid dysfunction especially when undiagnosed has a negative impact on metabolic control, likewise, increased levels of insulin in insulin resistance has a proliferative effect on thyroid tissue.

Aims:

The study aimed to sonographically measure and compare Thyroid gland volume (TV) in adults with diabetes and apparently healthy subjects, as well as determine the effect of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and anthropometry on TV.

Patients, Materials and Methods:

This was a case-controlled study carried out over 6 months in the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital, from April to September 2019, among 70 adult diabetics and an equal number of non-diabetics. The thyroid volume was correlated with gender, age, height, weight, BMI, waist circumference, duration of diabetes, TSH and HbA1c.

Results:

The overall mean TV was higher in diabetics (6.8 ± 3.5cm3 versus 6.3 ± 2.9cm3). Among those with diabetes, TV was significantly higher in those with poor glycemic control (p=0.020). A positive correlation was found between TV and duration of diabetes and height. The mean thyroid volume was higher among the male population of both groups. An equal number of subjects had abnormal (high) TSH levels in both study arms. There was no correlation between TV and most of the anthropometric indices.

Conclusion:

Sonographic thyroid volume is higher among diabetics and it has a positive correlation with gender, height, duration of diabetes and HbA1c.
Perception of Postgraduate Medical Trainers and Trainees on Residency Training Program in a Developing Country and its Influence on Brain Drain
Authors: Akinyemi Tosin Olusoga , Lawani Olukemi O. , Adewole Ahmed Adekunle , Oiwoh Sebastine Oseghae
Published: February 2022

Background:

Nigeria has been faced with the challenge of massive efflux of senior trainees and young consultants. It is commonly believed that the emigration is for economic reasons.

Aim:

We studied the trainer's and trainee's perception of residency in Nigeria and its influence on brain drain.

Materials and Methods:

This cross-sectional study was carried out using an online survey platform. Invitation to complete the survey was sent out through closed social media groups (Facebook, WhatsApp, and Telegram) and e-mail. These groups were specifically for doctors who had their basic medical education in Nigeria and presently working in Nigeria or outside the borders of Nigeria.

Results:

Most respondents were in training and were between 25 and 44 years old. The top reason for emigration for trainees already abroad was to improve the quality of their training while the top reason for trainees planning to emigrate was to get better training. There was a discordance between the mentorship methods employed by trainers and preferences of trainees. While majority of the trainees already abroad were unlikely to return, most of the trainees considering emigration were willing to stay if training improved.

Conclusion:

Nigerian trainers and trainees have similar perceptions about residency training, and the brain drain being experienced presently may be reversible with improvement in training in the country.