bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studi perendaman kulit buah naga super merah (Hylocereus costaricensis) dalam larutan bahan pengeras pada pengolahan manisan kering
Authors: Astuti Tika Widia , Yuliani Yuliani , Rahmadi Anton
Published: July 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh jenis bahan pengeras dan waktu perendaman serta interaksinya terhadap mutu manisan kering kulit buah naga. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama jenis larutan jenuh bahan pengeras (Ca(OH)2, CaCO3 dan CaSO4). Faktor kedua adalah lama perendaman (6, 12 dan 18 jam). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis larutan jenuh bahan pengeras, lama perendaman dan interaksinya berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat kimia (kadar air, abu dan gula pereduksi) dan sensoris hedonik dan mutu hedonik untuk warna dan tekstur manisan kering kulit buah naga. Perendaman dalam larutan bahan pengeras ternyata mengeraskan tekstur, tetapi tidak merenyahkan tekstur manisan kering kulit buah naga yang dihasilkan.
Direct observation of oxygen-vacancy formation and structural changes in Bi2WO6 nanoflakes induced by electron irradiation
Authors: Shi Hong-long , Zou Bin , Li Zi-an , Luo Min-ting , Wang Wen-zhong
Published: July 2019

The prominent role of oxygen vacancies in the photocatalytic performance of bismuth tungsten oxides is well recognized, while the underlying formation mechanisms remain poorly understood. Here, we use the transmission electron microscopy to investigate the formation of oxygen vacancies and the structural evolution of Bi2WO6 under in situ electron irradiation. Our experimental results reveal that under 200 keV electron irradiation, the breaking of relatively weak Bi–O bonds leads to the formation of oxygen vacancies in Bi2WO6. With prolonged electron irradiation, the reduced Bi cations tend to form Bi clusters on the nanoflake surfaces, and the oxygen atoms are released from the nanoflakes, while the W–O networks reconstruct to form WO3. A possible mechanism that accounts for the observed processes of Bi cluster formation and oxygen release under energetic electron irradiation is also discussed.
Growth of lithium hydride thin films from solutions: Towards solution atomic layer deposition of lithiated films
Authors: Kundrata Ivan , Fröhlich Karol , Vančo Lubomír , Mičušík Matej , Bachmann Julien
Published: July 2019

Lithiated thin films are necessary for the fabrication of novel solid-state batteries, including the electrodes and solid electrolytes. Physical vapour deposition and chemical vapour deposition can be used to deposit lithiated films. However, the issue of conformality on non-planar substrates with large surface area makes them impractical for nanobatteries the capacity of which scales with surface area. Atomic layer deposition (ALD) avoids these issues and is able to deposit conformal films on 3D substrates. However, ALD is limited in the range of chemical reactions, due to the required volatility of the precursors. Moreover, relatively high temperatures are necessary (above 100 °C), which can be detrimental to electrode layers and substrates, for example to silicon into which the lithium can easily diffuse. In addition, several highly reactive precursors, such as Grignard reagents or n-butyllithium (BuLi) are only usable in solution. In theory, it is possible to use BuLi and water in solution to produce thin films of LiH. This theoretical reaction is self-saturating and, therefore, follows the principles of solution atomic layer deposition (sALD). Therefore, in this work the sALD technique and principles have been employed to experimentally prove the possibility of LiH deposition. The formation of homogeneous air-sensitive thin films, characterized by using ellipsometry, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXRD), in situ quartz crystal microbalance, and scanning electron microscopy, was observed. Lithium hydride diffraction peaks have been observed in as-deposited films by GIXRD. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Auger spectroscopy analysis show the chemical identity of the decomposing air-sensitive films. Despite the air sensitivity of BuLi and LiH, making many standard measurements difficult, this work establishes the use of sALD to deposit LiH, a material inaccessible to conventional ALD, from precursors and at temperatures not suitable for conventional ALD.
A MODEL FOR EVALUATING THE RISK EFFECTS ON CONSTRUCTION PROJECT ACTIVITIES
Authors: Hamed Issa Usama , Mosaad Salah Attia , Salah Hassan Mohamed
Published: July 2019

Cost overruns and time delays are considered to be very important challenges for the majority of construction projects. These challenges are typically attributed to their associated risks. Due to the risky and uncertain nature of construction projects, an increasing amount of attention is given to estimating and overcoming cost overruns and time delays. New techniques are being developed to help project managers to contractually complete projects within cost and time constraints. The objective of this study was to develop a new qualitative and quantitative risk analysis model that can be employed for construction projects. The proposed model, which is based on a fuzzy logic tool, consists of two modules for assessing risk factors that affect the main construction activities and computing the expected cost overruns and time delays that are associated with these risks. Using numerous logical rules, the model applies the probability of occurrences and impacts of the risks on the cost and time of the main activities. The Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficient tests are applied to verify and select a suitable membership function. Using four proposed membership functions, the results of these tests confirmed that the triangle membership function is suitable for the model. The model is verified by application to HVAC system activities in two actual construction projects, which serve as case studies. Two different methods are proposed and applied to quantify the cost overruns and time delays. The first method is based on determining the cost overruns and time delay values for each activity according to their weight in the system. Triple premise rules are proposed and applied in the second method, which is established to relate all activities. The results from the second method are more accurate compared with the first method based on actual data from the case study projects. In addition, the results demonstrated that the proposed model can be used to quantify the expected cost overrun and time delays in construction project activities and can be generalized and implemented in different construction activities.
ADDITIONAL STRESS IN SOIL EMBANKMENTS SUBJECTED TO A NEW PRESTRESSED REINFORCEMENT DEVICE
Authors: Zhang Qishu , Leng Wuming , Xu Fang , Yang Qi , Ai Xi
Published: July 2019

Theoretical solutions were derived to calculate the additional stress/prestress in a newly-developed prestressed embankment (PE), and the diffusion characteristics of the prestress in a PE with a lateral pressure plate (LPP) having width of 0.9 m were clarified using the theoretical solutions and a 3D finite element analysis. The results show that (1) the application of the theoretical solutions requires the net spacing between the LPP and the embankment shoulder is greater than the LPP width; (2) the maximum prestress appears in the upper part of the loading area of a LPP, and the maximum and minimum prestresses present an order of magnitude difference at the shallow depth, but the difference attenuates and the prestress gradually tends to be uniform with increasing depth; (3) the prestress propagates to the core zones that mainly bear the train loads with certain peak stress diffusion angles, and the values for the analyzed case are 50° and 58° in the external regions of the LPP along the slope and longitudinal directions, respectively; and (4) a continuous, effective and relatively uniform prestressing protective layer with a prestress coefficient greater than 0.1 can be formed above the core zones when the LPP spacing is properly designed.
FORECASTING OF SPORTS FIELDS CONSTRUCTION COSTS AIDED BY ENSEMBLES OF NEURAL NETWORKS
Authors: Juszczyk Michał , Zima Krzysztof , Lelek Wojciech
Published: July 2019

The paper presents an original approach to construction cost analysis and development of predictive models based on ensembles of artificial neural networks. The research was focused on the application of two alternative approaches of ensemble averaging that allow for combining a number of multilayer perceptron neural networks and developing effective models for cost predictions. The models have been developed for the purpose of forecasting construction costs of sports fields as a specific type of construction objects. The research included simulation and selection of numerous neural networks that became the members of the ensembles. The ensembles included either the networks of different types in terms of their structure and activation functions or the networks of the same type. The research also included practical implementation of the developed models for cost analysis based on a sports field BIM model. This case study examined and confirmed all of the four models’ predictive capabilities and superiority over models based on single networks for the particular problem. Verification including testing and the case study enabled selection of the best ensemble-based model that combined ten networks of different types. The proposed approach is prospective for fast cost analyses and conceptual estimates in construction projects.
Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR
Authors: Hosseinzadeh G. , Cowperthwaite P. S. , Gomez S. , Villar V. A. , Nicholl M. , Margutti R. , Berger E. , Chornock R. , Paterson K. , Fong W. , Savchenko V. , Short P. , Alexander K. D. , Blanchard P. K. , Braga J. , Calkins M. L. , Cartier R. , Coppejans D. L. , Eftekhari T. , Laskar T. , Ly C. , Patton L. , Pelisoli I. , Reichart D. E. , Terreran G. , Williams P. K. G.
Published: July 2019

On 2019 April 25.346 and 26.640 UT the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) and Virgo gravitational-wave (GW) observatory announced the detection of the first candidate events in Observing Run 3 that contained at least one neutron star (NS). S190425z is a likely binary neutron star (BNS) merger at d

L
 = 156 ± 41 Mpc, while S190426c is possibly the first NS–black hole (BH) merger ever detected, at d

L
 = 377 ± 100 Mpc, although with marginal statistical significance. Here we report our optical follow-up observations for both events using the MMT 6.5 m telescope, as well as our spectroscopic follow-up of candidate counterparts (which turned out to be unrelated) with the 4.1 m SOAR telescope. We compare to publicly reported searches, explore the overall areal coverage and depth, and evaluate those in relation to the optical/near-infrared (NIR) kilonova emission from the BNS merger GW170817, to theoretical kilonova models, and to short gamma-ray burst (SGRB) afterglows. We find that for a GW170817-like kilonova, the partial volume covered spans up to about 40% for S190425z and 60% for S190426c. For an on-axis jet typical of SGRBs, the search effective volume is larger, but such a configuration is expected in at most a few percent of mergers. We further find that wide-field γ-ray and X-ray limits rule out luminous on-axis SGRBs, for a large fraction of the localization regions, although these searches are not sufficiently deep in the context of the γ-ray emission from GW170817 or off-axis SGRB afterglows. The results indicate that some optical follow-up searches are sufficiently deep for counterpart identification to about 300 Mpc, but that localizations better than 1000 deg2 are likely essential.
Double Neutron Star Populations and Formation Channels
Authors: Andrews Jeff J. , Mandel Ilya
Published: July 2019

In the past five years, the number of known double neutron stars (DNSs) in the Milky Way has roughly doubled. We argue that the observed sample can be split into three distinct subpopulations based on their orbital characteristics: (i) short-period, low-eccentricity binaries; (ii) wide binaries; and (iii) short-period, high-eccentricity binaries. These subpopulations also exhibit distinct spin period and spindown rate properties. We focus on subpopulation (iii), which contains the Hulse–Taylor binary. Contrary to previous analysis, we demonstrate that, if they are the product of isolated binary evolution, the P
orb and e distribution of these systems requires that the second-born NSs must have been formed with small natal kicks (≲25 km s−1) and have pre-SN masses narrowly distributed around 3.2 M
⊙. These constraints challenge binary evolution theory and further predict closely aligned spin and orbital axes, inconsistent with the Hulse–Taylor binary’s measured spin–orbit misalignment angle of ≈20°. Motivated by the similarity of these DNSs to B2127+11C, a DNS residing in the globular cluster M15, we argue that this subpopulation is consistent with being formed in, and then ejected from, globular clusters. This scenario provides a pathway for the formation and merger of DNSs in stellar environments without recent star formation, as observed in the host galaxy population of short gamma-ray bursts and the recent detection by LIGO of a merging DNS in an old stellar population.
Genetic delimitation of Pristimantis orestes (Lynch, 1979) and P. saturninoi Brito et al., 2017 and description of two new terrestrial frogs from the Pristimantis orestes species group (Anura, Strabomantidae)
Authors: Urgiles Veronica L. , Székely Paul , Székely Diana , Christodoulides Nicholas , Sanchez-Nivicela Juan C. , Savage Anna E.
Published: July 2019

In the genus Pristimantis, species are often combined into taxonomic units called species groups. The taxonomy of these groups is frequently inaccurate due to the absence of genetic data from type series and repeated misidentifications generated by high morphological resemblance between taxa. Here, we focus on the P.orestes species group, providing the first genetic assessment of P.orestes sensu stricto from individuals collected from the type locality, with a reviewed diagnosis and description of advertisement calls. We find that two lineages previously named P.orestes are genetically distinct and should be separated into two different species. Based on genetic and morphological data, we name one of these species P.cajanumasp. nov. This new species is morphologically distinct from other members of the group by having shagreen dorsal skin, evident dorsolateral folds, broader discs on toes and fingers and pale gray ventral coloration. Additionally, P.saturninoi is placed within the P.orestes species group based on genetic data from its type series. However, we find that one of its paratypes is genetically distinct and belongs to a clade containing a new species we name P.quintanaisp. nov. This new species is morphologically distinguished by lacking a tympanic membrane and vocal sacs in males, and by having expanded discs on toes and fingers, finely tuberculated dorsal skin and irregular white or cream spots in the groin and concealed surfaces of thighs. Our findings highlight the importance of providing genetic characterization and placement from the type series in taxonomic challenging groups, such as Pristimantis. We also suggest that the diversity of species within the P.orestes group will increase as more sampling is achieved in the southern Andes of Ecuador.
New record of a parasitising species of Hydrachna (Acari, Hydrachnidia) on water beetles Eretes griseus (Fabricius, 1781) (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae, Eretini)
Authors: Arjomandi Elham , Zawal Andrzej , Hajiqanbar Hamidreza , Filip Ewa , Szenejko Magdalena
Published: July 2019

The larvae of water mites of the genusHydrachnaparasitise water bugs and water beetles. Larvae of the genusHydrachnaattach to the thorax and abdomen sternites and tergites under the elytra. Up to now six species ofHydrachnawere recorded from Iran, but there are no records on larvae parasitising on water beetles. There is some information about parasitising ofHydrachnaon water beetles from the genusEretes, which is very well adapted to dry climate. The aim of this paper is to describe the morphology of an unknown larva of the genusHydrachna, found onEretesgriseus.
L’ethnocentrisme théorique, ou l’effet clou de girofle
Authors: Pradier Jean-Marie
Published: July 2019

Le colloque de Taza permet de revenir dans une perspective d’anthropologie critique sur certains aspects ambigus des notions de mondialisation – globalisation –, culture et interculturalité lorsqu’elles sont appliquées aux domaines des pratiques spectaculaires et performatives. Une confusion apparaît à propos de la conception essentialiste de la culture, devenue mot-outil dans l’usage courant. Le développement de l’histoire globale (Sanjay Subrahmanyam), et des études sur les pratiques subalternes (Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak) soulignent que la multiplicité des contacts et des échanges de toute nature entre populations est une caractéristique de l’espèce humaine qui s’y est exercé pour le meilleur et pour le pire. Dans le domaine du théâtre la constitution d’un milieu international de l’art – phénomène de société – n’est pas à confondre avec l’idée d’un entrelacement des cultures. En attirant l’attention sur l’importance des études de cas, des témoignages concrets, des contextes et de l’histoire dans l’étude des pratiques, l’ethnoscénologie invite notamment à une désoccidentalisation du regard, à l’interdisciplinarité dans la recherche, et au croisement des perspectives.
Aspects du spectaculaire au Maroc : « l’Homme vêtu de peaux »
Authors: Badry Ahmed
Published: July 2019

Nous nous proposons dans cette communication d’évoquer quelques aspects du spectaculaire au Maroc. Dans un premier temps, nous nous arrêtons sur l’analyse du contexte socio-culturel dans lequel s’enracinent ces formes spectaculaires. Un contexte marqué par une attitude paradoxale, faite de rejets et de surestimations, que l’on a tendance à adopter vis-à-vis de ce patrimoine. Après avoir montré la grande richesse d’un champ de pratiques spectaculaires, encore peu étudiées, notre propos se focalise sur « Bu-islikhen », l’homme vêtu de peaux : sa dramaturgie, fonctions et quelques hypothèses d’interprétation.
Jouer le double jeu : pièces par écriteaux et autoparodies théâtrales au xviiie siècle en France
Authors: Beaucé Pauline
Published: July 2019

En analysant des aspects précis d’autoparodies et de pièces par écriteaux données au xviiie siècle, le but de cet article est de montrer que ces formes sont plus que des curiosités à relever çà et là dans la période. Elles invitent à considérer la dimension ludique dans l’écriture de l’histoire des spectacles non plus comme une des caractéristiques à la marge mais comme une notion primordiale dans l’analyse des pratiques performatives sous l’Ancien Régime.
A Study on Fatigue Life Evaluation of Pressure Vessel Made of ASME SA240-316L Material Using Numerical Analysis
Authors: Kim Eui Soo
Published: July 2019

Pressure vessels are subjected to repeated loads during use and charging, which can causefine physical damage even in the elastic region. If the load is repeated under stress conditions belowthe yield strength, internal damage accumulates. Fatigue life evaluation of the structure of thepressure vessel using finite element analysis (FEA) is used to evaluate the life cycle of the structuraldesign based on finite element method (FEM) technology. This technique is more advanced thanfatigue life prediction that uses relational equations. This study describes fatigue analysis to predictthe fatigue life of a pressure vessel using stress data obtained from FEA. The life prediction results areuseful for improving the component design at a very early development stage. The fatigue life of thepressure vessel is calculated for each node on the model, and cumulative damage theory is used tocalculate the fatigue life. Then, the fatigue life is calculated from this information using the FEanalysis software ADINA and the fatigue life calculation program WINLIFE.
Research on Vibration Characteristics and Fault Diagnosis of 34CrMo1 Generator with Poor Heat Treatment
Authors: Zeng Qing Meng , Chai Bao Tong , Chen Hao
Published: July 2019

Poor heat treatment of the generator may cause cracks during operation. The presence ofcracks on the rotor causes the rotor to vibrate. The paper establishes a finite element modeling of aunit. The model is used to study the vibration response characteristics of the shafting system when thesupport characteristics of the generator are similar and the difference is significant. When thedifference in support characteristics between the two ends of the generator is large, the first-orderunbalance of the generator not only causes a large in-phase vibration at the first-order critical speed ofthe generator, but also causes a large reverse component. Finally, the reliability of the conclusion isfurther verified by combining the abnormal vibration diagnosis and processing cases of a generator.The innovation of the paper is to diagnose the possible cracks in the generator through the vibration ofthe generator, and then look at the original data in the generator manufacturing process to find that theheat treatment process of the generator rotor is poor.
Static Frequency Test and Leaf Fracture Analysis of Turbine Blades in a Power Plant
Authors: Chai Bao Tong , Wu Zheng Feng , Zhang Dong Xing
Published: July 2019

During the overhaul of a steam turbine of a power station, the frequency of the last twostages of the low-pressure rotor is tested and high-pressure rotor-regulated stage broken blades weresubjected to macroscopic inspection and analysis, chemical composition analysis, hardness test andmetallographic microstructure observation and analysis.The results of blade frequency measurementshow that the two stages of the low-pressure rotor can be safely and stably operated at the workingspeed. The results of broken blade analysis show that: due to the surface damage in the innersurface of the blade root, the blade vibration is aggravated, and the lower step of the concavegroove of the blade root is the stress concentration zone, where the fatigue crack source is generatedand gradually expanded, resulting in fatigue fracture of the blade; The fracture fatigue source zoneand the fatigue crack growth zone occupy approximately two-thirds of the entire fracture area,indicating that the blade fracture is a high-cycle fatigue fracture.
The Theoretical Calculation and Influencing Factors of Yb3+ Doped Double-Clad Fiber Laser
Authors: Gu Yuan Yuan , Fu Yue Ming , Lu Hui , Cui Yan
Published: July 2019

The energy level structure of Yb3+ is analyzed, and a theoretical model is established. Theinfluence of pumping power, fiber length, reflectance of cavity mirror and other related parameters onthe performance of the laser is analyzed. The maximum output power can be achieved at a certainreflectance. The higher the input pump power, the smaller the reflectance of the rear mirror whichobtains the maximum output power. For different pumping wavelengths, the optimal length of thegain fiber is not the same, and it is also different from the optimal length determined by the minimumpumping threshold. Therefore, in the design of fiber lasers, we should consider comprehensively todetermine the appropriate fiber length. Reducing inner raduis is beneficial to improving slopeefficiency when the characteristics of the fiber itself remain unchanged.
Study on Energy Level and Spectral Characteristics of High Power Yb Doped Fiber Laser
Authors: Gu Yuan Yuan , Fu Yue Ming , Lu Hui , Cui Yan
Published: July 2019

The energy level structure and spectral characteristics of Yb-doped fiber laser are analyzed,and the absorption and emission cross sections of ytterbium ions in quartz matrix are given. It can beseen that there are two absorption peaks, 915 nm and 975 nm, respectively. The absorption coefficientcorresponding to 915 nm absorption peak is smaller, but the absorption spectrum is wider. Theabsorption coefficient corresponding to the absorption peak at 975 nm is relatively large, but thespectrum width is very narrow. The advantages and disadvantages of Yb3+ doped laser materialscompared with other rare earth ions doped laser materials are analyzed. It is pointed out that Yb3+itself, due to its strong absorption and emission at 980 nm, disperses the pump power in the innercladding of double cladding optical fibers and reduces the pump efficiency.
Elastoplastic Equilibrium of a Hollow Cylinder from an Inhomogeneous Perfectly Plastic Material
Authors: Andreev Vladimir
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the axisymmetric elastoplastic problem for a hollow thick-walled cylinder (plane deformed state), loaded from the inside and outside by uniform pressures proportional to one parameter. The material is considered to be perfectly plastic, with the elastic modulus and yield strength generally are arbitrary functions of the radius. In addition, the material is considered to be incompressible in both plastic and elastic zones. On the basis of the criteria for the plasticity of Huber - Mises and Tresca - Saint-Venant, the radius at which the first plastic deformations occur is determined. It is shown that, depending on the functions of the inhomogeneity of elastic and plastic parameters and loads, the occurrence of plastic deformations is possible both on the surfaces and on the inner walls of the cylinder.
The Performance Estimation on the CCHP with Optimal Operation
Authors: Wang Hong Tao
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the performance of CCHP with optimal operation were investigated, and theimpact of the time-use-price were analyzed. The results shown that the operation cost can beobviously save with optimal operation strategy than the HET strategies. The main reason to reduceconst is more power generation by the generator, it means that the generator efficiency is higher, sothe primary energy ratio got obvious improvement and carbon dioxide emissions are also reduced inoptimal operation. The TOU can reduce the operation cost, and induce more purchasing electricity ofCCHP in peak-off period. But the primary energy ratio almost did not improve, and carbon dioxideemissions increased in the TOU case.
Leveling Power of Co-W and Fe-W Electrodeposited Coatings
Authors: Bobanova Zhanna , Petrenko Vladimir , Tsyntsaru Natalia , Dikusar Alexandr
Published: July 2019

The leveling power of gluconate and citrate electrolytes used to obtain the Co-W and Fe-W alloys was studied. The leveling power parameter P was calculated according to the results of profilographic measurements of microprofile carried out before and after deposition of the coating on surface. It was shown that deposition of said alloys occurs with preferential coating thickness increase on microprofile peaks and low microlevelling power.
Cold Gas Dynamic Spray Technology: The Simulation of Aerodynamics of Flow
Authors: Cui Liang , Gerber Andrew G. , Saha Gobinda C.
Published: July 2019

Cold gas dynamic spray (CGDS) is a solid-state material additive manufacturing method where the particulate feedstock is accelerated under high pressure and relatively low temperature to supersonic condition to develop thin coatings or 3D freeform objects. In this paper, a literature review of the CGDS state-of-art, explanation of fundamentals of gas dynamic principles required to generate supersonic flow condition, and demonstration of a flow model based on computational flow dynamics (CFD) are presented. The focus of the preliminary 3D CFD model validation is the demonstration aerodynamics structures such as shocks that appear in the CGDS problem.
Recognition of Listeria Infection by Germline Elements of the Vγ1.1 Vδ6.3 TCR
Authors: Negroni Maria Pia , Cho Ok Hyun , Stern Lawrence J
Published: July 2019

γδNKT cells are an abundant γδT cell population with restricted Vγ1.1 Vδ6.3 gene usage and phenotypic and functional similarity to conventional αβ–invariant NKT cells. The γδNKT population responds to Listeria infections, but specific ligands are not known. In this work, we studied the CDR3 requirements of the γδNKT TCR, Vγ1.1Vδ6.3 for recognizing naive macrophages, and macrophages infected with Listeria. We expressed four different variants of the Vγ1.1Vδ6.3 TCR in TCR-deficient hybridomas, one with germline-encoded sequences and three with nongermline-encoded sequences. All of the hybridomas were activated when cultured in the presence of macrophages, and the activation was increased when the macrophages were infected with Listeria. This indicates that these TCRs can recognize a self-ligand present in macrophages and suggests that the ligand is modified or upregulated when the cells are infected with Listeria. One of the three nongermline-encoded Vγ1.1 variants induced a lower activation level compared with the other variants tested in this study, suggesting that recognition of the Listeria-induced ligand involves the CDR3γ region of the TCR.
Letter to the Editor
Authors: Hansford Pamela K.
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
Guest Editorial
Authors: Rogers Geoff
Published: July 2019

No abstract available
The global transcriptomic signature in sinonasal tissues reveals roles for tissue type and chronic rhinosinusitis disease phenotype
Authors: Bassiouni A. , Ou J. , Schreiber A. , Geoghegan J. , Tsykin A. , Psaltis A.J. , Wormald P.J. , Vreugde S.
Published: July 2019

Background: RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) allows the characterization of a global transcriptomic signature in a least-biased fashion, but few studies have applied this method to investigate the pathophysiology of CRS. Methods: We collected mucosal tissue samples from 6 CRS without nasal polyps (CRSsNP), 6 CRS with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), and 6 control patients. Additional matched polyp samples were collected from the 6 CRSwNP patients. RNA was extracted and sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq-2500. Differential gene expression and pathway analyses were performed. Results: CRSsNP showed evidence of upregulated interferon-mediated immunity, MHC-class-I mediated antigen presentation, CXCR3 binding, neutrophil chemotaxis and degranulation, and potential downregulation of genes related to cilia movement and production. CRSwNP polyp tissue showed upregulation of B-cell mediated immune responses, but reduced expression of genes related to epithelial morphogenesis and haemostasis. Polyps also showed a generalized reduction of positive gene regulation. The sinonasal transcriptomic signature was largely determined by tissue type (polyp versus mucosa) and disease phenotype, with minimal signal originating from the individual patient. Conclusion: RNA-Seq is a useful tool to explore the complex pathophysiology of CRS. Our findings stress the importance of tissue selection in molecular research utilizing sinonasal tissue, and demonstrate the limitation of the sNP/wNP paradigm (and the importance of endotyping). On the other hand, classical CRSsNP/wNP disease phenotypes played some role in determining the global transcriptomic signature, and should not be hastily discarded. The value of RNA-Seq-described transcriptomic signatures in exploring endotypes is yet to be explored in future studies.
Prediction of greenhouse gas emission from municipal solid waste for South Korea
Authors: Popli Kanchan , Lim Jeejae , Kim Hyeon Kyeong , Kim Young Min , Thanh Tuu Nguyen , Kim Seungdo
Published: July 2019

This study is proposing a System Dynamics Model for estimating Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emission from treating Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in South Korea for years 2000 to 2030. The government of country decided to decrease the total GHG emission from waste sector in 2030 as per Business-as-usual level. In context, four scenarios are generated to predict GHG emission from treating the MSW with three processes i.e., landfill, incineration and recycling. For prior step, MSW generation rate is projected for present and future case using population and waste generation per capita data. It is found that population and total MSW are directly correlated. The total population will increase to 56.27 million and total MSW will be 21.59 million tons in 2030. The methods for estimating GHG emission from landfill, incineration and recycling are adopted from IPCC, 2006 guidelines. The study indicates that Scenario 2 is best to adopt for decreasing the total GHG emission in future where recycling waste is increased to 75% and landfill waste is decreased to 7.6%. Lastly, it is concluded that choosing proper method for treating the MSW in country can result into savings of GHG emission.
Demographic Headwinds in Central and Eastern Europe
Authors: Batog Cristina , Crivelli Ernesto , Ilyina Anna , Jakab Zoltan , Lee Jaewoo , Musayev Anvar , Petrova Iva , Scott Alasdair , Shabunina Anna , Tudyka Andreas , Xu Xin Cindy , Zhang Ruifeng
Published: July 2019

The populations of Central and Eastern European (CESEE) countries—with the exception of Turkey—are expected to decrease significantly over the next 30 years, driven by low or negative net birth rates and outward migration. These changes will have significant implications for growth, living standards and fiscal sustainability.
Fintech
Authors:   International Monetary Fund,   World Bank
Published: July 2019

The paper finds that while there are important regional and national differences, countries are broadly embracing the opportunities of fintech to boost economic growth and inclusion, while balancing risks to stability and integrity.
The Bahamas
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Monetary and Capital Markets Department
Published: July 2019

Macrofinancial risks stem from the economy’s vulnerability to external shocks to tourism and real estate investment, exposure to frequent and severe hurricanes, and a small and illiquid real estate market. Stress tests reveal the overall banking system is resilient to a range of adverse scenarios given large aggregate capital and liquidity buffers. Some domestic banks and the two largest credit unions are more vulnerable to asset quality shocks and tail risk conditions. Asset quality and profitability are key determinants of financial institutions’ resilience to adverse shocks. Liquidity, market, sovereign and financial contagion risks are low. The offshore banking sector is not a source of traditional banking risks.
Kyrgyz Republic
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Middle East and Central Asia Dept.
Published: July 2019

Selected Issues
Ecuador
Authors:   International Monetary Fund. Western Hemisphere Dept.
Published: July 2019

A 36-month EFF with access of SDR 3.035 billion (435 percent of quota or about US$4.204 billion) was approved on March 11, 2019. Economic activity is projected to decelerate further in 2019 as fiscal consolidation and a slowdown in credit growth weigh on economic growth. However, external financing conditions have improved on the back of rising oil prices and the approval of the IMF program, with sovereign bond spreads falling by 250 basis points since January 1, 2019.
Nutritional assessment of intensive care unit patients aged ≥65 years using different screening tools
Authors: Bektaş Buket , Özdal Şükran Büşra , Gedik Ender , Gülleroğlu Aykan , Zeyneloğlu Pınar
Published: July 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate the nutritional status of patients aged ≥65 years admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU), compare the compliance with the nutritional status screening tools, and determine the effect of malnutrition on mortality.
Methods: Patients who were admitted to ICU and could receive nutrition orally were included into this study.  The Nutritional Risk Score 2002 (NRS-2002) and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) were administered, and the Nutritional Risk Index and Geriatric Nutritional Risk Index (GNRI) scores were calculated. Patients were divided into two groups according to their survival status. The nutritional status was evaluated and found to be in accordance with the screening tools.
Results: The rate of malnutrition/severe nutrition risk was found to be 28.4%–60%, and the normal nutritional status was 1.7%–33.3%. In-hospital mortality was 41.7%. The duration of stay in ICU (8.0±9.8 days; 20.5±20.0 days, p=0.03), duration of stay in hospital (16.9±14.4 days; 28.5±24.6 days; p=0.029) and mechanical ventilation duration (4.38±6.8 days; 15.56±17.2 days; p=0.01) in patients who survived were shorter than in patients those who died. The male gender, patients with an NRS-2002 score ≥5 and NRI score ≥81.2 had higher mortality rates (respectively, p=0.013, p=0.019, p=0.036). The NRS-2002 was found to have the highest sensitivity; NRI was the highest specificity screening tool.
Conclusion: The risk of malnutrition/severe nutrition risk was found to be 28.4%–60%. We found that the male gender, NRS-2002 ≥5, and NRI ≥81.2 were associated with higher mortality. The NRS-2002 was found to have the highest sensitivity; NRI was the highest specificity screening tool. We think that the usage of one screening tool for predicting malnutrition in elderly patients is not sufficient in the diagnosis of malnutrition, and these methods should be evaluated together.
Evaluation of feeding interruption for enteral nutrition in intensive care unit patients
Authors: Kıter Seda , Atalay Habip , Özateş Deniz , Serin Simay , Sungurtekin Hülya
Published: July 2019

Objective: Intensive care patients are at a high risk of malnutrition due to an oral intake failure. Enteral nutrition (EN) is considered to be the gold standard for such patients. However, even if everything is done properly, it is also known that there may be inconsistency between the calculated calorie requirements and the amount of calories given to the patient. There is no gold standard to minimize the EN interruption. The aim of this study was to determine the main factors involved in the EN cutting in an intensive care unit (ICU).
Methods: This study was done prospectively after an ethical approval and patient relatives’ informed consent in 1489 study day of 80 ICU patients between September 2013 and September 2014 were obtained. The causes of the EN interruption were grouped under seven main categories (1. gastrointestinal dysfunction, 2. airway management, 3. tracheoesophageal fistula, 4. diagnostic and surgical reasons, 5. mechanical problems, 6. metabolic and hemodynamic instability, and 7. maintenance and position change). A total of 16 factors with subgroups were determined for analysis. Demographic data, the presence of dialysis, state of consciousness, comorbidities, and calculated calories and calorie intake were recorded. The patient’s caloric needs were calculated on a daily basis using the Harris–Benedict formula.
Results: In our study, it was determined that 17.1% of the calories calculated as the EN support could not be applied to patients due to interruptions. The EN interruption factors were found to be the airway management (39.7%), mechanical problems (15.4%), metabolic and hemodynamic instability (14.1%), maintenance and position change (12.8%), and gastrointestinal dysfunction (12.8%).
Conclusion: The airway management and enteral feeding tube mechanical problems were the most frequently observed EN interruption factors. The awareness of EN interruption factors is important in preventing this problem.
Archaeological dating of colluvial and lacustrine deposits in a GIS environment investigating the multi-period site Gortz 1 on Oberer Beetzsee, Brandenburg
Authors: Reichel Janko , Heisig Sophie F. , Schenk Thomas , Schatz Thomas
Published: July 2019

Abstract. From the mid-14th century CE onwards, extensive soil erosion, caused by
intensive agricultural practices, has led to the destruction of landscape
structures in Central Europe. In 2016, the University of Applied Sciences in
Berlin investigated the colluvial deposits at the site of Gortz in western
Brandenburg (Germany), which had accumulated on the lower slopes and were
caused by the processes just mentioned. The mapping of each individual archaeological find made it possible to
project all finds onto one profile running along the slope. Transformation
of the finds' coordinates from profile view to plan view enabled the
visualization in a Geographical Information System (GIS). The combination of
adjacent strata into larger units using a pedological and sedimentological
approach enabled an improved dating of colluvial deposits. In addition, the
method facilitated the dating of historical water levels in the Beetzsee
chain of lakes, which are part of the Havel river system. As a result, it could be demonstrated that substantial anthropogenic
activity, such as clay quarrying and bank straightening, took place during
the Late Slavic Period. An interlocking horizon of colluvial and lacustrine
deposits indicates that the water level of the lake Oberer Beetzsee rose from a
value under 29.4 m above sea level (a.s.l.) in the 11th/12th century CE to
approximately 29.8 m a.s.l. in the 13th century CE. However, isolated
flooding events during the 13th century CE can be recorded up to a height of
30.5 m a.s.l. A modern colluvial deposit of 1 m in thickness
indicates an acute endangerment of the archaeological site by modern
agriculture.
Fault slip envelope: a new parametric investigation tool for fault slip based on geomechanics and 3-D fault geometry
Authors: Soliva Roger , Maerten Frantz , Maerten Laurent , Mattila Jussi
Published: July 2019

Abstract. By combining a 3-D boundary element model, frictional slip theory, and fast
computation method, we propose a new tool to improve fault slip analysis
that allows the user to analyze a very large number of scenarios of stress and fault
mechanical property variations through space and time. Using both
synthetic and real fault system geometries, we analyze a very large number of
numerical simulations (125 000) using a fast iterative method to define for
the first time macroscopic rupture envelopes for fault systems, referred to
as “fault slip envelopes”. Fault slip envelopes are defined using variable
friction, cohesion, and stress state, and their shape is directly related to
the fault system 3-D geometry and the friction coefficient on fault surfaces.
The obtained fault slip envelopes show that very complex fault geometry
implies low and isotropic strength of the fault system compared to geometry
having limited fault orientations relative to the remote stresses, providing
strong strength anisotropy. This technique is applied to the realistic
geological conditions of the Olkiluoto high-level nuclear waste repository
(Finland). The model results suggest that the Olkiluoto fault system has a
better ability to slip under the present-day Andersonian thrust stress
regime than for the strike-slip and normal stress regimes expected in the
future due to the probable presence of an ice sheet. This new tool allows the user to
quantify the anisotropy of strength of 3-D real fault networks as a function
of a wide range of possible geological conditions and mechanical properties.
This can be useful to define the most conservative fault slip hazard case or
to account for potential uncertainties in the input data for slip. This
technique therefore applies to earthquake hazard studies, geological
storage, geothermal resources along faults, and fault leaks or seals in
geological reservoirs.
Democratizing Knowledge: Using Wikipedia for Inclusive Teaching and Research in Four Undergraduate Classes
Authors: Pratesi Angela , Miller Wendy , Sutton Elizabeth
Published: July 2019

In four undergraduate arts-related courses taught by three faculty, undergraduate students learned how to edit Wikipedia to present authentic research to a public audience. The goal was to increase free and open access to information about women and minoritized individuals in the arts, while simultaneously facilitating the acquisition and practice of student information literacy, research, and writing skills. This article outlines the assignments for each class, summarizes the reflections of students regarding their perception of learning, and discusses the pedagogical strategies and impact of using Wikipedia editing as a research assignment. While each faculty had diverse parameters and outcomes for her respective assignment and course, overall the public nature of writing for Wikipedia and the demonstrated need for presenting the contributions of women art educators, women artists, and Haitian artists created a common motivation for students and faculty to work together as knowledge constructors.
TWO POEMS
Authors: Arnold Lucy
Published: July 2019

These two poems were written in the weeks following student and civil protests in the city where my university is located.
Collateral Survivorship
Authors: Keizer Arlene R.
Published: July 2019

"Collateral Survivorship" analyzes my collegial friendship with a renowned fiction writer recently described as a “skilled predator” in an investigation of sexual harassment and abuse at an elite private academy in New England. Written for an audience of other scholars and writers, my essay is neither an indictment nor a defense; it’s an investigation of the forms of socialization that make even women like myself (feminist writers and scholars) vulnerable to such men. In short, "Collateral Survivorship" is focused upon the heterosexual erotics of instruction, not a particular individual.
One or Two Things I Think I Know for Sure about 1968-2018: The Movement, the MLA, and the Current Moment
Authors: Smith Foster Frances
Published: July 2019

Part of the Modern Language Association Panel: 2018 on 1968
Introduction to MLA Panel: 2018 on 1968
Authors: Lauter Paul
Published: July 2019

Part of the Modern Language Association Panel: 2018 on 1968
Radical Teaching Then & Now
Authors: Chinn Sarah
Published: July 2019

The introduction to the issue.
Contributors' Notes
Authors: Chinn Sarah
Published: July 2019

Contributors' Notes for Radical Teacher Vol. 114.
Adriano contra Bar Kosiba, apóstata del helenismo
Authors: Giménez de Aragón Sierra Pedro
Published: July 2019

La Carta de Simón ben Kosiba a Josué ben Galgula nos habla de su política religiosa y la Carta de Soumaios de su política lingüística y cultural. En este artículo se relaciona la ideología antihelenística de Bar Kosiba con el filohelenismo de Adriano y su política religiosa, en pleno proceso de separación de judaísmo y cristianismo. Precisamente en esta época apareció el neologismo “christianismós” en las Cartas de Ignacio de Antioquía.
Inocybe caroticolor from oak forests of Pakistan
Authors: Naseer A. , Ghani S. , Niazi A. R. , Khalid A. N.
Published: July 2019

Basidiomata of Inocybe caroticolor were collected from two different Quercus forests in Swat, KP, Pakistan. Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA regions, these basidiomata were found to represent I. caroticolor and placed within
the Inocybe viscata group. Our I. caroticolor specimens are molecularly supported as conspecific with specimens from China and represent a first species record from Pakistan.
Sporidesmium horizontale sp. nov. from China
Authors: Ai Cong-Cong , Xia Ji-Wen , Zhang Xiu-Guo , Geng Yun , Ma Li-Guo
Published: July 2019

A new species, Sporidesmium horizontale, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on dead branches in China. This fungus is characterized by horizontal, obclavate, 4–5-septate, versicolored conidia with short rostra.
Two Heterostelium species newly recorded from China
Authors: Liu Pu , Zhang Shunhang , Zhou Xiaoyan , Zhao Jianjun , Li Yu
Published: July 2019

Two species of dictyostelid cellular slime molds new to China (Heterostelium anisocaule and H. arachnoideum) were isolated from samples of soil/humus collected in East China. Descriptions and illustrations based on these isolates are provided.
Aphyllophoroid fungi in Teide National Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
Authors: Beltrán-Tejera Esperanza , Rodríguez-Arma Jesús Laura , Díaz Armas Miguel Jonathan , Quijada Luis
Published: July 2019

In May, Mycotaxon uploaded the following new annotated species distribution presentation to our site: Aphyllophoroid fungi in Teide National Park (Tenerife, Canary Islands) by Esperanza Beltrán-Tejera, Jesús Laura Rodríguez-Arma, Miguel Jonathan Díaz Armas,
and Luis Quijada. This brought to 133 the number of free-access Fungae now available on our website: http://www.mycotaxon.com/mycobiota/index.html