bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Application of Aluminum Nanofilm in Improving the Performance of Optical Telescopes
Authors: Wu Qinglin , Zhao Yongzhi , Li Hongwen
Published: April 2024

Optical telescopes play a crucial role in exploring the universe, and understanding various aspects of the Earth and the universe. However, traditional optical telescopes have problems with high noise in the optical signal, which is not conducive to material analysis. To improve the
performance of optical telescopes, this study utilized surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology of aluminum nanofilms for spectral analysis. The experimental results demonstrated that the amorphous aluminum film prepared by UV annealing exhibited Raman spectral enhancement effect at
different laser wavelengths. The optimal effect can be achieved by using excitation light with a wavelength of 670 nm. The transmittance curve modified by aluminum nanofilm met the requirements of a day blind ultraviolet detector. Moreover, the bandgap energy gap was approximately 5 eV. The
detector with a 7 nm aluminum deposition had the best performance improvement. The modification of aluminum nanoparticles improves the photoelectric response and reduces the time constant of the slow response stage. This study provides a foundation for further exploration and application of
surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology in improving the performance of optical telescopes.
Application of PZT Nanofiber Flexible MEMS Technology in Human Resource Employment Pressure Management
Authors: Liu Yu , Li Ao
Published: April 2024

The advancement of society has led to increasing pressure on employment in human resources. Effectively managing and alleviating this pressure has emerged as an urgent problem to be addressed. This study presents a novel pressure sensor utilizing microelectromechanical systems technology,
with the aim of offering a fresh solution for managing employment pressure in the human resource sector. Firstly, this study presents the preparation and characterization of lead zirconate titanate nanofibers, followed by the development of a flexible pressure sensor using microelectromechanical
systems technology specifically designed for these fibers. Finally, this study evaluates the performance of the developed pressure sensor. The results revealed that the open circuit output voltage of the sensor peaked at a pressure frequency of 110 Hz, indicating the highest level of response.
In addition, it was observed that the open circuit output voltage of the fabricated sensor exhibited fluctuations within the voltage range of –3.8 V to 5.0 V, confirming its ability to precisely respond to variations in external pressure at any given moment. The features of this developed
pressure gauge render it an ideal tool for real-time monitoring and evaluation of pressure, thereby possessing wideranging application prospects.
Research on Experimental Bench Testing of Wear Metal Particles in Lubricating Oil Based on Self-Excitation and Self-Induction of Coil
Authors: Tao Hui , Qian KangWei , Feng Wei
Published: April 2024

The on-line monitoring of wear metal particles in lubricating oil plays an important role in equipment fault diagnosis technology. According to the principle of electromagnetic induction and the Biot-Savart law, model structure design, coil production, etc., different from traditional
multi-coil excitation detection methods and compared to traditional methods that are only sensitive to large particles, this paper designed a self-excitation and self-induction metal particle monitoring sensor in lubricating oil based on LC resonance. At the same time, a sensor experimental
bench is built by combining the production of ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic metal particle standards. In addition, through experimental verification, the sensor can achieve monitoring sensitivity for ferromagnetic particles greater than 41.28 μm and non-ferromagnetic (copper)
particles greater than 61.53 μm under the 4.2 mm aperture flow channel, realizing the sensitivity on monitoring of small wear ferromagnetic particles and wear metal non-ferromagnetic particles, the experiment showed that it is particularly sensitive to small non-ferromagnetic particles.
Based on a wide pipeline radius, the accuracy and sensitivity of the designed single-coil sensing system have been demonstrated.
Influence of Deposition Parameters on Performance of Zn(O,S) Buffer Layer Deposited by Solution-Based Continuous Flow Reactor for CIGS Solar Cells
Authors: Ryu Sang Ouk , Jun Ho Young
Published: April 2024

CdS thin films are commonly used as buffer layers in hetero-junction structured CIGS thin film solar cells. However, the toxicity of Cd has raised concerns regarding environmental safety and alternative materials have been explored. ZnS is a leading candidate to replace Cd, with the
presence of Zn(O,S) impurities known to be required for efficient CIGS solar cell fabrication. In this study, we synthesized Zn(O,S) films using a solution-based deposition method combining a continuous flow reactor (CFR) with another solutionbased deposition method. X-ray diffraction (XRD)
and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize the structural and physicochemical properties of the films, confirming the efficacy of the CFR process for depositing Zn(O,S) thin films in a short period of time. We successfully deposited Zn(O,S) thin films using the combined
CFR process. Cd-free B:ZnO/Zn(O,S)/CIGS solar cells were fabricated on Mo-coated glass substrates to investigate the effects of experimental parameters, such as deposition time and method, on the performance of the Zn(O,S) buffer layer in the devices.
Design of Proton Exchange Membrane Hydrogen Fuel Cell Control System Based on Response Speed and Uncertainty Characteristics
Authors: Yan Zhiqiang , Zhao Nannan , Shen Jie , Li Shuangxi
Published: April 2024

In an effort to settle the issue of poor control accuracy caused by external interference (such as environment and load changes) in the control process of hostage switch film fuel cell, a PEMFC control channel design method based on response speed and uncertainty characteristics was
proposed in this study. The channel structure model and parameter model of PEMFC operate channel are established, and its response speed and uncertainty characteristics are analyzed. The proportional integral-differential (PID) operate method is used to obtain the signal model of the current
vector data under the optimal operate state, and the AC coupling of the capacitor is used to suppress the loss. The simulation results show that this method can improve the stability and convergence of PEMFC, effectively correct the error, and the operate accuracy reaches 99%.
A holistic framework for the analysis of predictive rhetoric in digital visualizations
Authors: Amit-Danhi Eedan R , Pentzold Christian , Krämer Nik Maurice
Published: April 2024

In digital culture, visualizations are a prevalent and ubiquitous form of communication. A veteran journalistic tool, and an increasingly popular one in digital politics, visualizations offer informative value, attract readership, and increase engagement. Visualizations’ multimodality enables them to convey rhetoric through informative, narrative and visual strategies, making them particularly well-suited for future-oriented discourse. Despite the rise of visualization-focused scholarly work over the past decade, several analytical lacunas remain, due to visualizations’ multimodal nature and their rich array of actors, contexts and usages in the digital world. Specifically, no scholarly approach examines forward-looking visualizations comprehensively, addressing the ways in which their rhetorical layers coalesce to broker knowledge in multimodal predictive discourse. To fill this gap, our paper proposes a holistic framework for their analysis, addressing knowledge-brokering functions, predictive components, and rhetorical strategies. Thus, we ask, ‘How are predictive visualizations rhetorically constructed to mediate the future?’ and answer through conceptualization complemented by qualitative analysis of predictive pandemic visualizations from journalistic and social media. We begin by creating a theoretically informed framework, based on existing perspectives from data-journalism studies, projection studies, and visualization scholarship, which we then refine through analytical workshops and empirical application. Our final analytical framework encapsulates each visualization’s rhetorical strategies, its knowledge-brokering functions, predictive structure, and their interrelations, highlighting the division of rhetorical and predictive labor across each visualization’s components. We conclude with an analytical epilogue in which we demonstrate the usefulness of this framework in holistically analyzing predictive multimodal rhetoric by revisiting the elusive concept of rhetorical complexity in predictive visualizations.
Esengo ya Bosembo (“Joy of Equity”): Development of an Advocacy Video to Reduce Stigma and to Promote Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women Sex Professionals in Pointe-Noire, Congo Republic
Authors: Van Borek Sarah , Logie Carmen H. , Mbende Bibiche , Ghoma Linguissi Laure Stella , MacKenzie Frannie , Ouedraogo Anaïs , Lad Anoushka , Boumba Anicet , Gittings Lesley , Loemba Hugues
Published: April 2024

Sex workers experience elevated risks of sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) from intimate partners, clients, and community members that harms health and human rights. While SGBV contributes to poorer sexual and reproductive health (SRH) outcomes among sex workers, including elevated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vulnerabilities, stigma targeting sex workers reduces SRH service access and uptake. The Congo Republic is an exemplar context to address stigma toward sex workers. Sex workers’ HIV prevalence (8.1%) in Congo Republic is double the national prevalence, yet research indicates that nearly one-fifth (17.2%) of sex workers in Congo Republic avoid health care because of stigma and discrimination. This Resources, Frameworks, & Perspectives article describes the process of developing Esengo ya Bosembo (“Joy of Equity”), a culturally tailored advocacy video that aims to reduce health care and community stigma toward women sex professionals (e.g., sex workers) in Pointe-Noire, Congo Republic. This knowledge translation product stems from a participatory mapping intervention with sex professionals in Pointe-Noire that revealed the need for sensitization tools and activities to reduce sex work stigma among health care providers and community members. The video incorporates three overarching key messages: (1) sex professionals are human beings with equal rights to dignity, protection, and health services; (2) elevated risks of SGBV and stigma targeting sex workers reduce SRH service access and uptake; and (3) participatory mapping is a potential way to empower sex professionals to share their experiences and recommendations for change. This article details how health promotion practitioners and sex professionals may use the video to advocate for change.
Seven-year outcomes of venetoclax-ibrutinib therapy in mantle cell lymphoma: durable responses and treatment-free remissions
Authors: Handunnetti Sasanka M. , Anderson Mary Ann , Burbury Kate , Thompson Philip A. , Burke Glenda , Bressel Mathias , Di Iulio Juliana , Hicks Rodney J. , Westerman David , Lade Stephen , Pott Christiane , Agarwal Rishu , Koldej Rachel , Ritchie David , Dreyling Martin , Dawson Mark A. , Dawson Sarah-Jane , Seymour John F. , Roberts Andrew W. , Tam Constantine S.
Published: April 2024

In the phase 2 clinical trial (AIM) of venetoclax-ibrutinib, 24 patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL; 23 with relapsed/refractory [R/R] disease) received ibrutinib 560 mg and venetoclax 400 mg both once daily. High complete remission (CR) and measurable residual disease negative (MRD-negative) CR rates were previously reported. With median survivor follow-up now exceeding 7 years, we report long-term results. Treatment was initially continuous, with elective treatment interruption (ETI) allowed after protocol amendment for patients in MRD-negative CR. For R/R MCL, the estimated 7-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 30% (95% confidence interval [CI], 14-49; median, 28 months; 95% CI, 13-82) and overall survival (OS) was 43% (95% CI, 23-62; median, 32 months; 95% CI, 15 to not evaluable). Eight patients in MRD-negative CR entered ETI for a median of 58 months (95% CI, 37-79), with 4 experiencing disease recurrence. Two of 3 reattained CR on retreatment. Time-to-treatment failure (TTF), which excluded progression in ETI for those reattaining response, was 39% overall and 68% at 7 years for responders. Beyond 56 weeks, grade ≥3 and serious adverse events were uncommon. Newly emergent or increasing cardiovascular toxicity were not observed beyond 56 weeks. We demonstrate long-term durable responses and acceptable toxicity profile of venetoclax-ibrutinib in R/R MCL and show feasibility of treatment interruption while maintaining ongoing disease control. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT02471391.
Biology System Description Language (BiSDL): a modeling language for the design of multicellular synthetic biological systems
Authors: Giannantoni Leonardo , Bardini Roberta , Savino Alessandro , Di Carlo Stefano
Published: April 2024

Background

The Biology System Description Language (BiSDL) is an accessible, easy-to-use computational language for multicellular synthetic biology. It allows synthetic biologists to represent spatiality and multi-level cellular dynamics inherent to multicellular designs, filling a gap in the state of the art. Developed for designing and simulating spatial, multicellular synthetic biological systems, BiSDL integrates high-level conceptual design with detailed low-level modeling, fostering collaboration in the Design-Build-Test-Learn cycle. BiSDL descriptions directly compile into Nets-Within-Nets (NWNs) models, offering a unique approach to spatial and hierarchical modeling in biological systems.

Results

BiSDL’s effectiveness is showcased through three case studies on complex multicellular systems: a bacterial consortium, a synthetic morphogen system and a conjugative plasmid transfer process. These studies highlight the BiSDL proficiency in representing spatial interactions and multi-level cellular dynamics. The language facilitates the compilation of conceptual designs into detailed, simulatable models, leveraging the NWNs formalism. This enables intuitive modeling of complex biological systems, making advanced computational tools more accessible to a broader range of researchers.

Conclusions

BiSDL represents a significant step forward in computational languages for synthetic biology, providing a sophisticated yet user-friendly tool for designing and simulating complex biological systems with an emphasis on spatiality and cellular dynamics. Its introduction has the potential to transform research and development in synthetic biology, allowing for deeper insights and novel applications in understanding and manipulating multicellular systems.
OrthoRefine: automated enhancement of prior ortholog identification via synteny
Authors: Ludwig J. , Mrázek J.
Published: April 2024

Background

Identifying orthologs continues to be an early and imperative step in genome analysis but remains a challenging problem. While synteny (conservation of gene order) has previously been used independently and in combination with other methods to identify orthologs, applying synteny in ortholog identification has yet to be automated in a user-friendly manner. This desire for automation and ease-of-use led us to develop OrthoRefine, a standalone program that uses synteny to refine ortholog identification.

Results

We developed OrthoRefine to improve the detection of orthologous genes by implementing a look-around window approach to detect synteny. We tested OrthoRefine in tandem with OrthoFinder, one of the most used software for identification of orthologs in recent years. We evaluated improvements provided by OrthoRefine in several bacterial and a eukaryotic dataset. OrthoRefine efficiently eliminates paralogs from orthologous groups detected by OrthoFinder. Using synteny increased specificity and functional ortholog identification; additionally, analysis of BLAST e-value, phylogenetics, and operon occurrence further supported using synteny for ortholog identification. A comparison of several window sizes suggested that smaller window sizes (eight genes) were generally the most suitable for identifying orthologs via synteny. However, larger windows (30 genes) performed better in datasets containing less closely related genomes. A typical run of OrthoRefine with ~ 10 bacterial genomes can be completed in a few minutes on a regular desktop PC.

Conclusion

OrthoRefine is a simple-to-use, standalone tool that automates the application of synteny to improve ortholog detection. OrthoRefine is particularly efficient in eliminating paralogs from orthologous groups delineated by standard methods.
Effect of metabolically divergent pig breeds and tissues on mesenchymal stem cell expression patterns during adipogenesis
Authors: Ponsuksili Siriluck , Siengdee Puntita , Li Shuaichen , Kriangwanich Wannapimol , Oster Michael , Reyer Henry , Wimmers Klaus
Published: April 2024

Background

Unraveling the intricate and tightly regulated process of adipogenesis, involving coordinated activation of transcription factors and signaling pathways, is essential for addressing obesity and related metabolic disorders. The molecular pathways recruited by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) during adipogenesis are also dependent on the different sources of the cells and genetic backgrounds of donors, which contribute to the functional heterogeneity of the stem cells and consequently affect the developmental features and fate of the cells.

Methods

In this study, the alteration of transcripts during differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) derived from fibrous synovium (FS) and adipose synovial tissue (FP) of two pig breeds differing in growth performance (German Landrace (DL)) and fat deposition (Angeln Saddleback (AS)) was investigated. SMSCs from both tissues and breeds were stimulated to differentiate into adipocytes in vitro and sampled at four time points (day 1, day 4, day 7 and day 14) to obtain transcriptomic data.

Results

We observed numerous signaling pathways related to the cell cycle, cell division, cell migration, or cell proliferation during early stages of adipogenesis. As the differentiation process progresses, cells begin to accumulate intracellular lipid droplets and changes in gene expression patterns in particular of adipocyte-specific markers occur. PI3K-Akt signaling and metabolic pathways changed most during adipogenesis, while p53 signaling and ferroptosis were affected late in adipogenesis. When comparing MSCs from FS and FP, only a limited number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and enriched signaling pathways were identified. Metabolic pathways, including fat, energy or amino acid metabolism, were highly enriched in the AS breed SMSCs compared to those of the DL breed, especially at day 7 of adipogenesis, suggesting retention of the characteristic metabolic features of their original source, demonstrating donor memory in culture. In contrast, the DL SMSCs were more enriched in immune signaling pathways.

Conclusions

Our study has provided important insights into the dynamics of adipogenesis and revealed metabolic shifts in SMSCs associated with different cell sources and genetic backgrounds of donors. This emphasises the critical role of metabolic and genetic factors as important indications and criteria for donor stem cell selection.
Gut bacterial and fungal dysbiosis in tuberculosis patients
Authors: Han MeiQing , Wang Xia , Zhang JiaMin , Su Lin , Ishaq Hafiz Muhammad , Li Duan , Cui JunWei , Zhao HuaJie , Yang Fan
Published: April 2024

Background

Recent studies have more focused on gut microbial alteration in tuberculosis (TB) patients. However, no detailed study on gut fungi modification has been reported till now. So, current research explores the characteristics of gut microbiota (bacteria)- and mycobiota (fungi)-dysbiosis in TB patients and also assesses the correlation between the gut microbiome and serum cytokines. It may help to screen the potential diagnostic biomarker for TB.

Results

The results show that the alpha diversity of the gut microbiome (including bacteria and fungi) decreased and altered the gut microbiome composition of TB patients. The bacterial genera Bacteroides and Prevotella were significantly increased, and Blautia and Bifidobacterium decreased in the TB patients group. The fungi genus Saccharomyces was increased while decreased levels of Aspergillus in TB patients. It indicates that gut microbial equilibrium between bacteria and fungi has been altered in TB patients. The fungal-to-bacterial species ratio was significantly decreased, and the bacterial-fungal trans-kingdom interactions have been reduced in TB patients. A set model including Bacteroides, Blautia, Eubacterium_hallii_group, Apiotrichum, Penicillium, and Saccharomyces may provide a better TB diagnostics option than using single bacterial or fungi sets. Also, gut microbial dysbiosis has a strong correlation with the alteration of IL-17 and IFN-γ.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that TB patients exhibit the gut bacterial and fungal dysbiosis. In the clinics, some gut microbes may be considered as potential biomarkers for auxiliary TB diagnosis.
Twelve newly assembled jasmine chloroplast genomes: unveiling genomic diversity, phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary patterns among Oleaceae and Jasminum species
Authors: Xu Xiuming , Huang Hechen , Lin Shaoqing , Zhou Linwei , Yi Yuchong , Lin Enwen , Feng Liqing , Zheng Yu , Lin Aiting , Yu Liying , Shen Yingjia , Henry Robert J. , Fang Jingping
Published: April 2024

Background

Jasmine (Jasminum), renowned for its ornamental value and captivating fragrance, has given rise to numerous species and accessions. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the evolutionary relationships among various Jasminum species.

Results

In the present study, we sequenced seven distinct Jasminum species, resulting in the assembly of twelve high-quality complete chloroplast (cp) genomes. Our findings revealed that the size of the 12 cp genomes ranged from 159 to 165 kb and encoded 134–135 genes, including 86–88 protein-coding genes, 38–40 tRNA genes, and 8 rRNA genes. J. nudiflorum exhibited a larger genome size compared to other species, mainly attributed to the elevated number of forward repeats (FRs). Despite the typically conservative nature of chloroplasts, variations in the presence or absence of accD have been observed within J. sambac. The calculation of nucleotide diversity (Pi) values for 19 cp genomes indicated that potential mutation hotspots were more likely to be located in LSC regions than in other regions, particularly in genes ycf2, rbcL, atpE, ndhK, and ndhC (Pi > 0.2). Ka/Ks values revealed strong selection pressure on the genes rps2, atpA, rpoA, rpoC1, and rpl33 when comparing J. sambac with the three most closely related species (J. auriculatum, J. multiflorum, and J. dichotomum). Additionally, SNP identification, along with the results of Structure, PCA, and phylogenetic tree analyses, divided the Jasminum cp genomes into six groups. Notably, J. polyanthum showed gene flow signals from both the G5 group (J. nudiflorum) and the G3 group (J. tortuosum and J. fluminense). Phylogenetic tree analysis reflected that most species from the same genus clustered together with robust support in Oleaceae, strongly supporting the monophyletic nature of cp genomes within the genus Jasminum.

Conclusion

Overall, this study provides comprehensive insights into the genomic composition, variation, and phylogenetic relationships among various Jasminum species. These findings enhance our understanding of the genetic diversity and evolutionary history of Jasminum.
A simple scoring algorithm based on intrinsic capacity for functional ability in community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan
Authors: Chang Ya-Hui , Lin Chung-Ying , Chou Yu-Tsung , Chen Hung-Yu , Su Hui-Chen , Wu Yi-Lin , Yang Yi-Ching , Hou Wen-Hsuan
Published: April 2024

Background

Intrinsic capacity (IC) is a comprehensive indicator of the overall well-being of older adults, and assessing of IC can help identify early stage of disability and tailor intervention to individual needs. However, there is a lack of effective and simple IC assessment tools. This study aimed to establish predictive scoring algorithms of IC to identify older adults at high risk of impaired functional ability.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study in Southern Taiwan, measuring IC using 7 subitems: cognition, locomotion, vitality, vision, hearing, psychological well-being, and medication usage were measured. Functional ability outcomes included frailty, basic activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL). The capability of 7 domains of IC in predicting functional ability was assessed by multivariable logistic regression. The prediction of capability of scoring algorithms was indicated by receiver operating characteristic (AUC) curves and measures of sensitivity and specificity.

Results

A total of 1,152 older adults were recruited and analyzed. Locomotion emerged as a significant predictor of IADL disability and worsening frailty. The IC-based weighted scoring algorism for predicting IADL demonstrated satisfactory capability (AUC: 0.80), as did the algorithm for predicting worsening frailty (AUC: 0.90). The optimal cutoff points for predicting IADL disability and frailty worse were estimated respectively at 13 and 16, with sensitivity/specificity values of 0.74/0.75 for the IADL prediction algorithm and 0.92/0.77 for the frailty prediction algorithm.

Conclusion

Our 7-domain IC screening tool proves to be sensitive and practical for early identification of functional disability and frailty among community-dwelling older adults in Taiwan.
The magnitude and associated factors of immediate postpartum anemia among women who gave birth in Ethiopia: systematic review and meta-analysis, 2023
Authors: Abneh Aysheshim Asnake , Kassie Tadele Derbew , Gelaw Sintayehu Shiferaw
Published: April 2024

Background

The immediate postpartum period is a very crucial phase for both the life of the mother and her newborn baby. Anemia is the most indirect leading cause of maternal mortality. However, anemia in the immediate postpartum period is a neglected public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled magnitude of immediate postpartum anemia and the pooled effect size of associated factors in Ethiopia.

Methods

Searching of published studies done through PubMed, Medline, Cochrane, African index Medicus, List of Reference Index, Hinari, and Google Scholar. This systematic review and meta-analysis follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) godliness. The quality of studies was assessed by using a Newcastle- Ottawa Scale (NOS) assessment tool. Analysis was performed using a random effect model by using STATA 17 version software. Egger’s weighted regression and I2test were used to evaluate publication bias and heterogeneity respectively.

Results

In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a total of 6 studies were included. The pooled magnitude of immediate postpartum anemia in Ethiopia was 27% (95%CI: 22, 32). Instrumental mode of delivery (OR = 3.14, 95%CI: 2.03, 4.24), mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement < 23 cm (OR = 3.19, 95%CI: 1.35, 5.03), Antepartum Hemorrhage (OR = 4.75, 95%CI: 2.46, 7.03), postpartum hemorrhage (OR = 4.67, 95%CI: 2.80, 6.55), and no iron/foliate supplementation (OR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.85, 3.60) were the identified factors associated with developing anemia in the immediate postpartum period.

Conclusion

The overall pooled magnitude of anemia in the immediate postpartum period among Ethiopian women was still a moderate public health problem. Instrumental mode of delivery, mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) measurement < 23 cm, antepartum hemorrhage, postpartum hemorrhage, and no iron/foliate supplementation were the identified factors associated with higher odds of developing anemia among immediate postpartum women in Ethiopia. Therefore, midwives, and doctors, shall focus on prevention of maternal hemorrhage, nutritional advice and counseling including iron /foliate supplementation, and avoid unnecessary instrumental delivery to prevent and reduce anemia related maternal mortality and morbidity in Ethiopia.

PROSPERO registration

CRD42023437414 with registration date on 02/08/2023.
Patterns of peripartum depression and anxiety during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Altendahl Marie R. , Xu Liwen , Asiodu Ifeyinwa , Boscardin W. John , Gaw Stephanie L. , Flaherman Valerie J. , Jacoby Vanessa L. , Richards Misty C. , Krakow Deborah , Afshar Yalda
Published: April 2024

Background

Pregnant people are vulnerable to new or worsening mental health conditions. This study aims to describe prevalence and course of depression and anxiety symptoms in pregnancy during the pre-vaccine COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This is a prospective cohort study of pregnant individuals with known or suspected COVID-19. Participants completed Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and Generalized-Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) questionnaires, screening tools for depression and anxiety, at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum. Prevalence of elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at each visit was described. Univariable logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between demographic and clinical factors and those with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms.

Results

317 participants were included. The prevalence of elevated antepartum depression symptoms was 14.6%, 10.3%, and 20.6% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. The rate of elevated anxiety symptoms was 15.1%, 10.0%, and 17.3% at 34weeks gestational age, 6-8weeks postpartum, and 6months postpartum, respectively. A prior history of depression and/or anxiety (p’s < 0.03), as well as higher EPDS and GAD-7 scores at enrollment (p’s < 0.04) associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period. Quarantining during pregnancy was associated with elevated anxiety symptoms at 34weeks gestational age in univariate (P = 0.027) analyses. COVID-19 diagnosis and hospitalization were not associated with elevated depression or anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions

Elevated depression and anxiety symptoms were prevalent throughout pregnancy and the postpartum period, particularly in those with prior depression and/or anxiety and who quarantined. Strategies that target social isolation may mitigate potential adverse consequences for pregnant people, and continued vigilance in recognition of depression and anxiety in pregnancy should be considered.
A qualitative evaluation of factors influencing Tumor Treating fields (TTFields) therapy decision making among brain tumor patients and physicians
Authors: Kumthekar Priya , Lyleroehr Madison , Lacson Leilani , Lukas Rimas V. , Dixit Karan , Stupp Roger , Kruser Timothy , Raizer Jeff , Hou Alexander , Sachdev Sean , Schwartz Margaret , PA Jessica Bajas , Lezon Ray , Schmidt Karyn , Amidei Christina , Kaiser Karen
Published: April 2024

Background

Tumor Treating Fields (TTFields) Therapy is an FDA-approved therapy in the first line and recurrent setting for glioblastoma. Despite Phase 3 evidence showing improved survival with TTFields, it is not uniformly utilized. We aimed to examine patient and clinician views of TTFields and factors shaping utilization of TTFields through a unique research partnership with medical neuro oncology and medical social sciences.

Methods

Adult glioblastoma patients who were offered TTFields at a tertiary care academic hospital were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview about their decision to use or not use TTFields. Clinicians who prescribe TTFields were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview about TTFields.

Results

Interviews were completed with 40 patients with a mean age of 53 years; 92.5% were white and 60% were male. Participants who decided against TTFields stated that head shaving, appearing sick, and inconvenience of wearing/carrying the device most influenced their decision. The most influential factors for use of TTFields were the efficacy of the device and their clinician’s opinion. Clinicians (N = 9) stated that TTFields was a good option for glioblastoma patients, but some noted that their patients should consider the burdens and benefits of TTFields as it may not be the desired choice for all patients.

Conclusions

This is the first study to examine patient decision making for TTFields. Findings suggest that clinician support and efficacy data are among the key decision-making factors. Properly understanding the path to patients’ decision making is crucial in optimizing the use of TTFields and other therapeutic decisions for glioblastoma patients.
Gut microbiota composition and metabolic characteristics in patients with Craniopharyngioma
Authors: Liu Chunhui , Liu Fangzheng , Nie Ding , Xiao Youchao , Wu Wentao , Jia Yanfei , Jin Lu , Qiao Ning , Cai Kefan , Ru Siming , Liu Xin , Song Yifan , Xu Jintian , Cao Lei , Gui Songbai
Published: April 2024

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that the gut microbiota is associated with various intracranial neoplastic diseases. It has been observed that alterations in the gut microbiota are present in gliomas, meningiomas, and pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (Pit-NETs). However, the correlation between gut microbiota and craniopharyngioma (CP), a rare embryonic malformation tumor in the sellar region, has not been previously mentioned. Consequently, this study aimed to investigate the gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in CP patients, with the goal of identifying potential therapeutic approaches.

Methods

We enrolled 15 medication-free and non-operated patients with CP and 15 healthy controls (HCs), conducting sequential metagenomic and metabolomic analyses on fecal samples to investigate changes in the gut microbiota of CP patients.

Results

The composition of gut microbiota in patients with CP compared to HCs show significant discrepancies at both the genus and species levels. The CP group exhibits greater species diversity. And the metabolic patterns between the two groups vary markedly.

Conclusions

The gut microbiota composition and metabolic patterns in patients with CP differ significantly from the healthy population, presenting potential new therapeutic opportunities.
Isolated ectopia lentis with partial anterior dislocation and pupillary block: a case report
Authors: Chen Ariel , Ngo Angela M. , Repka Michael X. , Kraus Courtney L.
Published: April 2024

Background

Ectopia lentis is the dislocation of the natural crystalline lens and usually presents in the setting of trauma or other systemic diseases. Herein, we describe a case of an otherwise healthy four-year-old boy with isolated ectopia lentis whose partial lens dislocation was captured on a smartphone by the patient’s father several days prior.

Case presentation

A four-year-old boy with no past medical, developmental, or trauma history presented with bilateral partial anterior lens dislocation with pupillary block. Initial ophthalmic evaluation two months prior was notable for uncorrected visual acuity at 20/100 OD, 20/250 OS, bilateral iridodenesis, and partially dislocated lenses inferonasally OD and inferiorly OS on slit lamp. Genetic testing found no abnormalities. Ten months later, the patient developed sudden onset of left eye pain. A dislocated lens and temporarily dilated left pupil were captured on a smartphone by the patient’s father. He was evaluated 3 days later after a second episode and found to have hand motion vision OS, a fixed 8 mm left pupil with the crystalline lens subluxed into the pupil space and accompanying intraocular pressure OS of 40 mmHg. The lens was surgically removed with a limited anterior vitrectomy. Four and a half years after surgery, visual acuity was 20/125 OS with aphakic correction. The right eye eventually underwent prophylactic lensectomy and was 20/30 in aphakic correction.

Conclusions

This report presents a unique presentation of isolated ectopia lentis with anterior lens dislocation and pupillary block and illustrates the role of smartphone photography in assisting in the triage of eye emergencies.
Identification of a novel GNAS mutation in a family with pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1A
Authors: Sippelli Fabio , Briuglia Silvana , Ferraloro Chiara , Capra Anna Paola , Agolini Emanuele , Abbate Tiziana , Pepe Giorgia , Aversa Tommaso , Wasniewska Malgorzata , Corica Domenico
Published: April 2024

Background

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is caused by loss-of-function mutations at the GNAS gene (as in the PHP type 1A; PHP1A), de novo or inherited at heterozygous state, or by epigenetic alterations at the GNAS locus (as in the PHP1B). The condition of PHP refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders that share common clinical and biological features of PTH resistance. Manifestations related to resistance to other hormones are also reported in many patients with PHP, in association with the phenotypic picture of Albright hereditary osteodystrophy characterized by short stature, round facies, subcutaneous ossifications, brachydactyly, mental retardation and, in some subtypes, obesity. The purpose of our study is to report a new mutation in the GNAS gene and to describe the significant phenotypic variability of three sisters with PHP1A bearing the same mutation.

Case presentation

We describe the cases of three sisters with PHP1A bearing the same mutation but characterized by a significantly different phenotypic picture at onset and during follow-up in terms of clinical features, auxological pattern and biochemical changes. Clinical exome sequencing revealed a never before described heterozygote mutation in the GNAS gene (NM_000516.5 c.118_139 + 51del) of autosomal dominant maternal transmission in the three siblings, confirming the diagnosis of PHP1A.

Conclusions

This study reported on a novel mutation of GNAS gene and highlighted the clinical heterogeneity of PHP1A characterized by wide genotype–phenotype variability. The appropriate diagnosis has crucial implications for patient care and long-term multidisciplinary follow-up.
The association between waist circumference and adult asthma attack using nationally representative samples
Authors: Liu Xiang , Tian Shuang , Zhao Ting
Published: April 2024

Aims

This study aims to explore the relationship between waist circumference and asthma attack in adults.

Methods

In this cross-sectional study, we analysed data from 5,530 U.S. adults diagnosed with asthma. Participants were categorized into two groups based on their experience of asthma attacks: with or without asthma attacks. We employed adjusted weighted logistic regression models, weighted restricted cubic splines, subgroup and sensitivity analyses to assess the association between waist circumference and asthma attack.

Results

The median age of all participants was 43 years, and the median waist circumference was 98.9 cm, with a median BMI was 28.50 kg/m2. Participants in the asthma attack group had significantly higher waist circumferences than those in the non-attack group (P < 0.001). After full adjustment for body mass index-defined obesity, age, gender, race, education levels, poverty income ratio levels, smoking status, and metabolic syndrome, every 5 cm increase in waist circumference exhibited a 1.06 times higher likelihood of asthma attack probability. The weighted restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated an increased risk of asthma attacks with rising waist circumference. Subgroup analyses confirmed this relationship across various groups differentiated by gender, age, and smoking status. When applying a stricter definition of asthma attack, the weighted logistic regression models showed robust association between waist circumference and asthma attack.

Conclusion

Waist circumference is an independent predictor of asthma attacks. Our findings underscore the importance of waist circumference measurement in evaluating the risk of asthma attacks.
Involuntary displacement and self-reported health in a cross-sectional survey of people experiencing homelessness in Denver, Colorado, 2018–2019
Authors: Meehan Ashley A , Milazzo Katherine E , Bien Michael , Nall Samantha K , Vickery Katherine Diaz , Mosites Emily , Barocas Joshua A
Published: April 2024

Background

The number of people experiencing unsheltered homelessness in the U.S. is increasing. Municipalities have responded with punitive responses such as involuntary displacement (i.e., encampment sweeps, move along orders), but little is known about the impact of involuntary displacement on health. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between broadly defined experiences of involuntary displacement and self-reported health conditions among people experiencing homelessness.

Methods

We used logistic regression models to generate odds ratios using publicly available data from a cross-sectional sample of people experiencing homelessness in Denver, Colorado, during September 2018-February 2019. Hosmer-Lemeshow Goodness of Fit tests were used to assess model fit.

Results

Among 397 people experiencing homelessness, involuntary displacement was significantly associated with self-reported infectious diseases (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 2.09, 95% CI 1.27, 3.41), substance and alcohol use (aOR 2.83; 95% CI 1.70, 4.73), climate-related conditions (aOR 2.27; 95% CI 1.35, 3.83), and worsening mental health (aOR 2.00; 95% CI 1.24, 3.24) after controlling for potential confounders. No statistically significant associations were identified between involuntary displacement and injuries, musculoskeletal issues, chronic conditions, and chronic mental and emotional issues.

Conclusions

This research quantifies the association between involuntary displacement and multiple infectious and non-infectious health outcomes. While city officials attempt to grapple with increasing unsheltered homelessness, it is important to understand what harms are occurring that are associated with current policies. Our research adds to the growing body of literature that involuntary displacement is a harmful response to unsheltered homelessness. Alternative approaches focused on connections to housing and social services should be prioritized.
Prevalence, pattern and predictors of intimate partner violence amongst female undergraduates in Abia State, Nigeria; public health implications
Authors: Odini Franklin , Amuzie Chidinma , Kalu Kalu Ulu , Nwamoh Uche , Emma-Ukaegbu Uloaku , Izuka Michael , Odini Uchechukwu , Ezepue Chukwubuike
Published: April 2024

Background

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is the range of sexually, psychologically and physically coercive acts used against adult and adolescent women by a current or former male partner. It is a major public health problem globally. This study determined the prevalence, patterns and predictors of IPV amongst female undergraduates in Abia State.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from January - February 2022 amongst 306 female undergraduates in Abia State. A mixed method of an online structured questionnaire created on Google forms & onsite self-administered questionnaire were deployed for data collection. Descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses were done using IBM SPSS Version 26.0. The level of significance was set at 5%.

Results

A total of 306 respondents participated in the survey. The overall prevalence of IPV amongst female undergraduates was 51.2% (95% CI: 44.8-57.6%). Emotional abuse was the most common form of abuse 78.9%, followed by Physical abuse 42.0% and Sexual abuse 30.8%. Predictors of IPV reported include female earning/receiving more than their partner monthly (aOR = 2.30; 95% CI: 1.20–4.41); male (partner) alcohol consumption (aOR = 5.17; 95% CI: 2.46–10.88), being a smoker of cigarette/marijuana (aOR = 11.01; 95% CI: 1.26–96.25) and having witnessed domestic violence as a child (aOR = 3.55; 95% CI: I.56-8.07). Adverse effects such as unwanted pregnancies (12%), miscarriages (10%), eating/sleeping disorders (21%) and bruises (23%) amongst others were noted in some of the victims.

Conclusion

Over half of all female undergraduates in Abia State have experienced IPV with emotional abuse being the commonest. Some Individual and relationship factors were identified as predictors of IPV. We recommend intensifying primary prevention campaigns against risk factors identified like smoking and alcohol consumption.
Transgender and gender diverse curriculum in medical imaging programs: a case study
Authors: Pedersen Sidsel , Corcoran Lynn
Published: April 2024

Background

Transgender and gender diverse (TGD) individuals face barriers, including harassment and discrimination, when accessing healthcare services. Medical imaging procedures require personal information to be shared, such as date of last menstrual cycle and/or pregnancy status; some imaging exams are also invasive or intimate in nature. Terminology is based on binary sex creating an inherently cis-heteronormative environment. TGD patients fear being outed and often feel a need to function as educators and advocates for their care. Incorporation of inclusive healthcare curriculum related to TGD populations is an effective means of educating new health providers and promotes safer and more inclusive spaces in healthcare settings. Educators face barriers which hinder the creation and implementation of TGD content. The purpose of this study was to examine the impacts educators are faced with when creating and delivering TGD content in their medical imaging curriculum.

Methods

A case study of medical imaging programs at a Canadian post-secondary institute was undertaken. Data was collected via semi-structured interviews with faculty. Relevant institutional documents such as strategic plans, policies/procedures, websites, and competency profiles were accessed. Framework analysis was used to analyze the data.

Results

The study found seven themes that influence the development of TGD curriculum as follows: familiarity and comfort with the curriculum and content change process; collaboration with other healthcare programs; teaching expertise; management of course workload and related. duties; connections to the TGD community; knowledge of required TGD content and existing gaps in curriculum; and access to supports.

Conclusions

Understanding educators’ perspectives can lead to an increased sense of empowerment for them to create and incorporate TGD curriculum in the future. Many post- secondary institutions are incorporating an inclusive lens to educational plans; this research can be used in future curriculum design projects. The goal is improved medical imaging experiences for the TGD population.