bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Does race affect prescribing for acute psychosis? Evaluation by a case vignette
Authors: Connolly Anne , Taylor David
Published: March 2016

Background:

Black people are over represented in mental health services and prescribing of antipsychotics differs by race in some countries. Our previous UK research into the prescribing of antipsychotics in large, multicentre studies found no important differences for black and white patients. However, we received several comments challenging our findings. We wanted to test the validity of these anecdotes by devising two case vignettes that differed only by race and asking prescribers to choose antipsychotic treatment.

Method:

A case study was sent to all medical prescribers in the South London and Maudsley NHS Trust. Half of the prescribers for each grade of staff were sent the case study where the ethnicity of the patient was white and the other half where the ethnicity was black. Participants were asked to describe what they would prescribe for the patient. Outcomes were total percentage maximum dose, high dose, type of antipsychotic, route of administration and antipsychotic polypharmacy.

Results:

We received 123 completed case studies and demographic data forms from prescribers. There were no differences in percentage maximum dose, high dose, type, route and number of antipsychotics prescribed by case study ethnicity.

Conclusions:

Prescribing for UK black and white patients is broadly similar when tested in clinical and theoretical studies.
Coronary Ostioplasty for Congenital Atresia of the Left Main Coronary Artery Ostium in a Teenage Boy
Authors: Sugimoto Ai , Shiraishi Shuichi , Moon Jiyong , Takahashi Masashi , Tsuchida Masanori
Published: March 2016

Atresia of the left coronary artery ostium is extremely rare. We report the case of a 13-year-old boy who played volleyball in school and collapsed with severe chest pain during practice. He was referred to our hospital, and imaging modalities showed atresia of the left main coronary artery ostium. Urgent coronary ostioplasty was performed using a patch of 0.6% glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he has had a normal everyday life without chest pain 8 months postoperatively. Physicians should be aware of the patient’s history, as in this case, because prompt imaging diagnosis is essential when there is a high likelihood that the event is related to myocardial ischemia. Since long-term outcome is uncertain even after successful surgical revascularization, close follow-up is required.
Laboratory Learning in a Research Methods Course
Authors: Knapp Sarah
Published: March 2016

Laboratory-based learning is increasingly considered to be an integral component of undergraduate education. However, students do not always perceive the value of laboratory learning in the college classroom. The current research sought to create an effective laboratory learning environment within a research methods course and to assess students’ perceptions of this approach at the end of one semester. This article reports the findings for two studies; in Study 1, a survey was given to 17 criminal justice, health care management and advocacy, and psychology students. In a subsequent semester, challenges from Study 1 were addressed, and the same survey (i.e., Study 2) was given to 20 criminal justice and psychology majors. Across both samples, students’ responses to the laboratory learning paradigm were generally positive, yet concerns and challenges were identified. Future research should attempt to address these concerns and to assess objective student outcomes, such as grades in the course.
Interwar Unemployment in the UK and the US: Old and New Evidence
Authors: Srinivasan Naveen , Mitra Pratik
Published: March 2016

Two contrasting views have dominated the research on unemployment during the interwar years. The conventional Keynesian view attributes the persistence of high unemployment in the UK and the US during the interwar period to sluggish adjustment of nominal wages to demand shocks. In contrast, equilibrium models of unemployment suggest that the natural rate is itself endogenous, determined by technological, institutional as well as demographic factors and is therefore not necessarily constant over time. According to this view, unemployment may remain elevated because some (or all) of the driving forces are persistent. How do we discriminate between these competing explanations? To this end, we estimate a time-varying parameter (TVP) model of the unemployment rate for the UK and the US. The Kalman filter estimates of the natural rate of unemployment suggest that most macroeconomic activity during the interwar period reflects persistent movements in steady state, not from steady state. We conclude that the observed persistence in unemployment appears to be consistent with multiple equilibria models and models with an endogenous natural rate.

JEL Classification: E24, J64
Wanggo Gallaga’s Remnants as Contribution to Philippine HIV-AIDS Literature
Authors: Toledo John Leihmar Centeno
Published: March 2016

There is no poetry collection so far in the Philippines which voices the life of a person living with HIV (PLHIV). Filipino spoken word poet Wanggo Gallaga’s new poetry collection, Remnants, breaks new ground for Philippine poetry written in English. Wanggo’s defiance with the conventions of HIV-AIDS poetry (as compared to the distraught poems of Rafael Campo, Thomas Dunn, and Mark Doty who used the material realities and experiences of AIDS patients as their subjects) proves that there is always a rainbow after the rain. Commonly, stereotypes of brokenness, hopelessness, and wastedness are attributed to PLHIV. Wanggo subverts the norm and creates a fresh autobiographical poem, which at one point is a memoir and in another, a forgetting.
Primary Care Physicians' Perceived Barriers and Facilitators to Conservative Care for Older Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease: Design of a Mixed Methods Study
Authors: Tam-Tham Helen , Hemmelgarn Brenda , Campbell David , Thomas Chandra , Quinn Robert , Fruetel Karen , King-Shier Kathryn
Published: March 2016

Background:

Guideline committees have identified the need for research to inform the provision of conservative care for older adults with stage 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) who have a high burden of comorbidity or functional impairment. We will use both qualitative and quantitative methodologies to provide a comprehensive understanding of barriers and facilitators to care for these patients in primary care.

Objectives:

Our objectives are to (1) interview primary care physicians to determine their perspectives of conservative care for older adults with stage 5 CKD and (2) survey primary care physicians to determine the prevalence of key barriers and facilitators to provision of conservative care for older adults with stage 5 CKD.

Design:

A sequential exploratory mixed methods design was adopted for this study. The first phase of the study will involve fundamental qualitative description and the second phase will be a cross-sectional population-based survey.

Setting:

The research is conducted in Alberta, Canada.

Participants:

The participants are primary care physicians with experience in providing care for older adults with stage 5 CKD not planning on initiating dialysis.

Methods:

The first objective will be achieved by undertaking interviews with primary care physicians from southern Alberta. Participants will be selected purposively to include physicians with a range of characteristics (e.g., age, gender, and location of clinical practice). Interviews will be recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using conventional content analysis to generate themes. The second objective will be achieved by undertaking a population-based survey of primary care physicians in Alberta. The questionnaire will be developed based on the findings from the qualitative interviews and pilot tested for face and content validity. Physicians will be provided multiple options to complete the questionnaire including mail, fax, and online methods. Descriptive statistics and associations between demographic factors and barriers and facilitators to care will be analyzed using regression models.

Limitations:

A potential limitation of this mixed methods study is its cross-sectional nature.

Conclusions:

This work will inform development of clinical resources and tools for care of older adults with stage 5 CKD, to address barriers and enable facilitators to community-based conservative care.
Flagellin preconditioning enhances the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in an irradiation-induced proctitis model
Authors: Linard Christine , Strup-Perrot Carine , Lacave-Lapalun Jean-Victor , Benderitter Marc
Published: March 2016

The success of mesenchymal stem cell transplantation for proctitis depends not only on cell donors but also on host microenvironmental factors, which play a major role in conditioning mesenchymal stem cell immunosuppressive action and repair. This study sought to determine if flagellin, a TLR5 ligand, can enhance the mesenchymal stem cell treatment efficacy in radiation-induced proctitis. With the use of a colorectal model of 27 Gy irradiation in rats, we investigated and compared the effects on immune capacity and remodeling at 28 d after irradiation of the following: 1) systemic mesenchymal stem cell (5 × 106) administration at d 7 after irradiation, 2) administration of flagellin at d 3 and systemic mesenchymal stem cell administration at d 7, and 3) in vitro preconditioning of mesenchymal stem cells with flagellin, 24 h before their administration on d 7. The mucosal CD8+ T cell population was normalized after treatment with flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells or flagellin plus mesenchymal stem cells, whereas mesenchymal stem cells alone did not alter the radiation-induced elevation of CD8+ T cell frequency. Mesenchymal stem cell treatment returned the irradiation-elevated frequency of CD25+ cells in the mucosa-to-control levels, whereas both flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell and flagellin-plus-mesenchymal stem cell treatment each significantly increased not only CD25+ cell frequency but also forkhead box p3 and IL-2Rα expression. Specifically, IL-10 was overexpressed after flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell treatment. Analysis of collagen expression showed that the collagen type 1/collagen type 3 ratio, an indicator of wound-healing maturation, was low in the irradiated and mesenchymal stem cell-treated groups and returned to the normal level only after the flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cell treatment. This was associated with a reduction in myofibroblast accumulation. In a proctitis model, flagellin-preconditioned mesenchymal stem cells improved colonic immune capacity and enhanced tissue remodeling.
CCL2 expression is mediated by type I IFN receptor and recruits NK and T cells to the lung during MVA infection
Authors: Lehmann Michael H , Torres-Domínguez Lino E , Price Philip J R , Brandmüller Christine , Kirschning Carsten J , Sutter Gerd
Published: March 2016

Migration of leukocytes to the site of microbial infection is important for the development of effective host immunity. Recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara is frequently used as a viral vector vaccine in preclinical and clinical studies. In comparison to other vaccinia virus strains, modified vaccinia virus Ankara robustly induces chemokine expression and rapid attraction of leukocytes. In particular, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) has been shown to be critical for leukocyte recruitment to the lung. In this study, MVA-induced CCL2 expression in murine macrophages was dependent on type I interferon receptor and not Toll-like receptor-2. The critical role of type I interferon receptor signaling for CCL2 production in the lung was confirmed in type I interferon receptor–deficient mice (Ifnar1−/−). In addition, comparing Ifnar1−/− and Ccl2−/− mice with wild-type mice, we observed a similar impairment in the recruitment of natural killer and T cells to the lung after intranasal infection with modified vaccinia virus Ankara. Conversely, neutrophil recruitment was not affected in Ifnar1−/− and Ccl2−/− mice. We conclude that type I interferons, besides their known antiviral properties, can initiate the recruitment and activation of leukocytes via induction of chemokine expression including CCL2.
Sarcomere length distribution quantification in whole muscle frozen sections
Authors: O'Connor Shawn M. , Cheng Elton J. , Young Kevin W. , Ward Samuel R. , Lieber Richard L.
Published: March 2016

Laser diffraction (LD) is a valuable tool for measuring sarcomere length (Ls), a major determinant of muscle function. However, this method relies on few measurements per sample that are often extrapolated to whole muscle properties. Currently it is not possible to measure Ls throughout an entire muscle and determine how Ls varies at this scale. To address this issue, we developed an actuated LD scanner for sampling large numbers of sarcomeres in thick whole muscle longitudinal sections. Sections of high optical quality and fixation were produced from tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum longus muscles of Sprague-Dawley rats (N=6). Scans produced two-dimensional Ls maps, capturing >85% of the muscle area per section. Individual Ls measures generated by automatic LD and bright field microscopy methods showed excellent agreement over a large Ls range (ICC>0.93). Two-dimensional maps also revealed prominent regional Ls variations across muscles.
Recovery of locomotion after injury inDrosophiladepends on proprioception
Authors: Isakov Alexander , Buchanan Sean M. , Sullivan Brian , Ramachandran Akshitha , Chapman Joshua K. S. , Lu Edward S. , Mahadevan L. , de Bivort Benjamin
Published: March 2016

Locomotion is necessary for survival in most animal species. However, injuries to the appendages mediating locomotion are common. We assess the recovery of walking in Drosophila melanogaster following leg amputation. Whereas flies pre-amputation explore open arenas in a symmetric fashion, foreleg amputation induces a strong turning bias away from the side of the amputation. However, we find that unbiased walking behavior returns over time in wild type flies, while recovery is significantly impaired in proprioceptive mutants. To identify the biomechanical basis of this locomotor impairment and recovery, we then examine individual leg motion (gait) at a fine scale. A minimal mathematical model that links neurodynamics to body mechanics during walking shows that redistributing leg forces between the right and left side enables the observed recovery. Altogether, our study suggests that proprioceptive input from the intact limbs plays a critical role in the behavioral plasticity associated with locomotor recovery after injury.
Biological activity of the enantiomers of 3-methylhentriacontane, a queen pheromone of the antLasius niger
Authors: de Narbonne Marine Motais , van Zweden Jelle S. , Bello Jan E. , Wenseleers Tom , Millar Jocelyn G. , d'Ettorre Patrizia
Published: March 2016

Queen pheromones are essential for regulation of the reproductive division of labor in eusocial insect species. Although only the queen is able to lay fertilized eggs and produce females, in some cases workers may develop their ovaries and lay male-destined eggs, thus reducing the overall colony efficiency. As long as the queen is healthy, it is usually in the workers' collective interest to work for the colony and remain sterile. Queens signal their fertility via pheromones, which may have a primer effect, affecting the physiology of workers, or a releaser effect, influencing worker behavior. The queen pheromone of the ant Lasius niger was among the first queen pheromones of social insects to be identified. Its major component is 3-methylhentriacontane (3-MeC31), which is present in relatively large amounts on the queen's cuticle and on her eggs. 3-MeC31 regulates worker reproduction by inhibiting ovarian development. Most monomethyl-branched hydrocarbons can exist in two stereoisomeric forms. The correct stereochemistry is fundamental to the activity of most bioactive molecules, but this has rarely been investigated for methyl-branched hydrocarbons. Here, we tested the bioactivity of the (S)- and (R)-enantiomers of 3-MeC31, and found that whereas both enantiomers were effective in suppressing worker ovarian development, (S)-3-MeC31 appeared to be more effective at suppressing aggressive behavior by workers. This suggests that the natural pheromone may be a mixture of the two enantiomers. The enantiomeric ratio produced by queens remains unknown because of the small amounts of the compound available from each queen.
The Three-letter Element Symbols:
Authors: Öhrström Lars , Holden Norman E.
Published: March 2016

When Lars Öhrström started paying real attention to chemistry, during his high school years in the early 1980s, the three-letter symbols then designating any element with atomic number higher than 103 seemed like a permanent fixture to the periodic table in the chemistry classroom. In the following years, he learned that they were only temporary placeholders for elements that fulfilled the criteria of “being discovered” but where, for unclear reasons, a name had not yet been agreed.
The Chemical Structure Association Trust
Authors: Lawlor Bonnie
Published: March 2016

The Chemical Structure Association Trust (CSA Trust) is an internationally-recognized, registered charity that promotes and supports the advancement of scientific discovery through the application of computer technologies in the management and analysis of chemical structure information. In support of its Charter, the Trust provides grants specifically to nurture young scientists, ages thirty-five or younger, who have demonstrated excellence in research related to the storage, retrieval, and analysis of chemical structures, reactions, and compounds. Since its inception in 1988, almost one hundred students and researchers worldwide have benefited from travel bursaries and the CSA Trust Grant Program to further their education and research work, but the organization has a rich history that predates the formalization of its charity status. Its roots were planted half a century ago in 1965, when the Chemical Notation Association (CNA) was formed in the United States. It has been an interesting journey from the CNA to the CSA Trust and I have been blessed to have been a part of it almost from the beginning, along with other members of the American Chemical Society’s Division of Chemical Information. In honor of the organization’s 50th Anniversary, I’d like to give a brief overview of its past and its present activities.
Characterization of visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue transcriptome in pregnant women with and without spontaneous labor at term: implication of alternative splicing in the metabolic adaptations of adipose tissue to parturition
Authors: Mazaki-Tovi Shali , Tarca Adi L. , Vaisbuch Edi , Kusanovic Juan Pedro , Than Nandor Gabor , Chaiworapongsa Tinnakorn , Dong Zhong , Hassan Sonia S. , Romero Roberto
Published: March 2016

Objective:

The aim of this study was to determine gene expression and splicing changes associated with parturition and regions (visceral vs. subcutaneous) of the adipose tissue of pregnant women.

Study design:

The transcriptome of visceral and abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue from pregnant women at term with (n=15) and without (n=25) spontaneous labor was profiled with the Affymetrix GeneChip Human Exon 1.0 ST array. Overall gene expression changes and the differential exon usage rate were compared between patient groups (unpaired analyses) and adipose tissue regions (paired analyses). Selected genes were tested by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.

Results:

Four hundred and eighty-two genes were differentially expressed between visceral and subcutaneous fat of pregnant women with spontaneous labor at term (q-value <0.1; fold change >1.5). Biological processes enriched in this comparison included tissue and vasculature development as well as inflammatory and metabolic pathways. Differential splicing was found for 42 genes [q-value <0.1; differences in Finding Isoforms using Robust Multichip Analysis scores >2] between adipose tissue regions of women not in labor. Differential exon usage associated with parturition was found for three genes (

Conclusion:

We show for the first time evidence of implication of mRNA splicing and processing machinery in the subcutaneous adipose tissue of women in labor compared to those without labor.
Representing the Iran Nuclear Issue in the Australian
Authors: Kabir Shah Nister
Published: March 2016

This study investigates news, editorials and opinion pieces (op-ed) appearing in the Australian in the context of Iran’s nuclear project and finds that the attention of this newspaper is inconsistent with the International Non-Proliferation Treaty. It argues that the Iran nuclear program is represented as a threat and Iran is perceived as untrustworthy. Furthermore, this newspaper does not criticize “the West” and its allies for having and using nuclear weapons. Ultimately, it demonstrates the limitations of media criticism of official policy. This study also draws attention to the fact that the Australian espouses a predominantly Orientalist view.
Crystal structure of 5-(adamantan-1-yl)-3-[(2-trifluoromethylanilino)methyl]-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione, C20H22F3N3OS
Authors: Al-Wabli Reem I. , El-Emam Nada A. , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Haress Nadia G. , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: March 2016

C20H22F3N3OS, monoclinic, P21/c (no. 14), a = 13.1987(5) Å, b = 10.2772(4) Å, c = 14.1730(6) Å, β = 92.655(2)°, V = 1920.44(13) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt
(F) = 0.0536, wR
ref
(F
2
) = 0.1612, T = 100 K.
An Overview of the Water-Porous Building Materials Interactions
Authors: Charola A. Elena , Wendler Eberhard
Published: March 2016

Water is one of the key deterioration factors for porous building materials and has the capability of enhancing the deleterious effect of other factors such as air pollution and biocolonization, among others. The focus of the paper is the interaction of water with the porous inorganic materials: how does water enter the pore system, and how does it leave it? How does the presence of clays or soluble salts in porous materials affect these mechanisms? Pairwise examples are provided to illustrate the varying behavior of water in different materials. Also addressed is the importance of the pore size distribution on the behavior of water and its transport mechanisms. The aim of the paper is to synthesize the key points required to understand why water enters a porous system, in what way it is distributed within it, and the slow manner in which it departs, since time of wetness is fundamental in enhancing the effect of co-factors.
Active Video Games for Improving Physical Performance Measures in Older People: A Meta-analysis
Authors: Taylor Lynne M. , Kerse Ngaire , Frakking Tara , Maddison Ralph
Published: March 2016

Background and Purpose:

Participation in regular physical activity is associated with better physical function in older people (>65 years); however, older people are the least active of all age groups. Exercise-based active video games (AVGs) offer an alternative to traditional exercise programs aimed at maintaining or enhancing physical performance measures in older people. This review systematically evaluated whether AVGs could improve measures of physical performance in older people. Secondary measures of safety, game appeal, and usability were also considered.

Methods:

Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials published up to April 2015. Included were trials with 2 or more arms that evaluated the effect of AVGs on outcome measures of physical performance in older people.

Results:

Eighteen randomized controlled trials (n = 765) were included. Most trials limited inclusion to healthy community-dwelling older people. With the exception of 1 trial, all AVG programs were supervised. Using meta-analyses, AVGs were found to be more effective than conventional exercise (mean difference [MD], 4.33; 95% confidence intervals [CIs], 2.93-5.73) or no intervention (MD, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.17-1.29) for improving Berg Balance scores in community-dwelling older people. Active video games were also more effective than control for improving 30-second sit-to-stand scores (MD, 3.99; 95% CI, 1.92-6.05). No significant differences in Timed Up and Go scores were found when AVGs were compared with no intervention or with conventional exercise.

Conclusions:

Active video games can improve measures of mobility and balance in older people when used either on their own or as part of an exercise program. It is not yet clear whether AVGs are equally suitable for older people with significant cognitive impairments or balance or mobility limitations. Given the positive findings to date, consideration could be given to further development of age-appropriate AVGs for use by older people with balance or mobility limitations.
Development of a weather-based model for Botrytis leaf blight of onion
Authors: Marcuzzo Leandro Luiz , Haveroth Roberto
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT In the present study, onion plants were tested under controlled conditions for the development of a climate model based on the influence of temperature (10, 15, 20 and 25°C) and leaf wetness duration (6, 12, 24 and 48 hours) on the severity of Botrytis leaf blight of onion caused by Botrytis squamosa. The relative lesion density was influenced by temperature and leaf wetness duration (P <0.05). The disease was most severe at 20°C. Data were subjected to nonlinear regression analysis. Beta generalized function was used to adjust severity and temperature data, while a logistic function was chosen to represent the effect of leaf wetness on the severity of Botrytis leaf blight. The response surface obtained by the product of two functions was expressed as ES = 0.008192 * (((x-5)1.01089) * ((30-x)1.19052)) * (0.33859/(1+3.77989 * exp (-0.10923*y))), where ES represents the estimated severity value (0.1); x, the temperature (°C); and y, the leaf wetness (in hours). This climate model should be validated under field conditions to verify its use as a computational system for the forecasting of Botrytis leaf blight in onion.
Identificação de espécies de Fusicoccum causadoras de podridão em frutos de abacate
Authors: Firmino Ana Carolina , Fischer Ivan Herman , Hugo José Júnior Tozze , Rosa Daniel Dias , Furtado Edson Luiz
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT The Fusicoccum genus of fungi are known to cause stem-end rot in various fruit plants, such as mango, guava, peach and avocado. Several species of this fungus are reported attacking avocado (Persea americana) in several countries. Based on this information, the present study aimed to identify species of Fusicoccum associated with rot in avocado fruits in the State of São Paulo. Samples were collected (fruits with rot symptoms) from regions of Bauru, Bernadino de Campos and Piraju. All isolates obtained had its pathogenicity confirmed by inoculation of healthy avocado fruits. After confirming its pathogenicity, these isolates had their DNA extracted and the ITS-5.8S rDNA region was amplified. After editing, these sequences were used to search for similar sequences in the NCBI. Eleven samples were identified as Neofusicoccum parvumand others were identified as Botryosphaeria dothidea(F. aesculi). Both species were found in all regions of collection.
Tecnologia de duplo haploide na determinação da herança da resistência à podridão de colmo (Fusarium verticilioides) em linhagens de milho
Authors: Rosa Luciano Rodrigo , Sena Marcus Reis , Shiomi Humberto Franco
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Foram utilizadas no trabalho quatro populações sintetizadas pelo cruzamento de duas linhagens homozigotas contrastantes quanto a resistência a F.verticilioides. Para a obtenção das linhagens haploides destas populações as mesmas foram cruzadas com indutor de haploidia, os haploides foram então duplicados e autofecundados, sendo as sementes colhidas fonte de origem das linhagens usadas no trabalho. Aos 70 dias após a semeadura as linhagens foram inoculadas com suspensão de esporos do patógeno F.verticilioides em concentração de 2 106esporos por mL e com 70 dias após a inoculação as espigas foram colhidas e pesadas e os colmos foram coletados, pesados e medidos em comprimento e diâmetro e seccionados longitudinalmente para avaliações dos sintomas, onde também foram medidos os comprimentos das lesões. Foram estimadas às variâncias fenotípica, ambiental, genotípica total e entre e dentro famílias, além da herdabilidade e da variância aditiva e de dominância. A variância devido a efeitos genéticos dominantes foram de maior magnitude, sendo que a herdabilidade no sentido restrito foi de 0,28. A distribuição de frequência observada podem indicar efeitos epistáticos envolvidos no controle genético da resistência a F.verticilioides. Os maiores ganhos esperados com a seleção foram alcançados com o emprego de seleção entre família e seleção massal.
Efeito da aplicação de silicato de cálcio e de cinza de casca de arroz sobre a incidência de fungos associados a manchas em sementes de arroz irrigado
Authors: Roma-Almeida Rafaela Carolina Constantino , Pereira Olinto Liparini , Dias Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos , Prabhu Anne Sitarama , Filippi Marta Cristina Corsi de , Duarte Henrique da Silva Silveira , Rodrigue Fabrício Ávila
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da aplicação de silicato de cálcio e de cinza de casca de arroz (CCA) na incidência de fungos associados a manchas em sementes de arroz irrigado. Plantas de arroz foram submetidas à aplicação de silicato de cálcio ou CCA nas doses de 0, 51, 153, 256 e 357 kg ha-1de silício (Si). Dois experimentos foram conduzidos, sendo um na safra 2007/2008 e outro na safra 2008/2009 e, posteriormente, amostras de sementes foram analisadas em laboratório. Foram realizadas avaliações do Índice de Escurecimento de Sementes (IES), da concentração de Si no pericarpo das sementes e a determinação da diversidade dos fungos presentes nas sementes. Não houve efeito das duas fontes de Si empregadas, nas doses utilizadas nos dois experimentos no IES e na concentração de Si. Os fungos fitopatogênicos encontrados em ambos experimentos foram Alternaria padwickiii, Bipolarisoryzae, Botrytis cinerea, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium semitectum, F. solani, Microdochium oryzae, Nigrospora oryzae, Phoma sorghina e Pyriculariaoryzae. A incidência destes fungos não foi afetada pela aplicação das fontes de Si nas doses utilizadas.
Impact of anthracnose on the yield of soybean subjected to chemical control in the north region of Brazil
Authors: Dias Moab Diany , Pinheiro Valdeci Fernandes , Café-Filho Adalberto Corrêa
Published: March 2016

ABSTRACT Losses due to soybean anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum truncatum, have not been systematically quantified in the field, and the efficacy of chemical control of this disease is not known. This study shows an estimate of losses associated with the disease in soybean crops in the north of the country. Two trials with cv. M9144 RR were carried out in commercial fields in Tocantins State in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 growing seasons, in randomized blocks, with four replicates. Foliar applications were performed on plants at R1/R2 and R5.2 stages, employing CO2-pressurized equipment and application volume of 200 L ha-1. Nine fungicides and one untreated control were compared, and the disease gradients in the two seasons were obtained. The percentage of infected pods was calculated at the R6 stage. Grain yield ranged from 3,288 to 3,708 kg/ha in the untreated plots in 2010/2011 and 2011/2012, respectively, and from 3,282 to 4,110 kg/ha in the treated plots. In the 2010/2011 season, only azoxystrobin + cyproconazole significantly reduced the disease incidence, compared to untreated control plots, not differing from the remaining treatments. In the 2011/2012 season, there were no significant differences between treated and untreated plots. Highly significant correlations (p < 0.01) were found between yield and soybean anthracnose incidence on pods in both years (r = -0.85). For each 1% increment in the disease incidence, c. 90 kg/ha of soybean grain were lost. The current study determined that significant losses due to anthracnose occur in commercial crops in the north of the country and highlighted the limitation of chemical control as anthracnose management method.
Gestão democrática e práticas de apoio institucional na Atenção Primária à Saúde no Distrito Federal, Brasil
Authors: Cardoso Janaina Rodrigues , Oliveira Gustavo Nunes de , Furlan Paula Giovana
Published: March 2016

A pesquisa foi realizada no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) do Distrito Federal, Brasil, apostando-se na inserção do apoio institucional como dispositivo para ressignificar a compreensão dos processos de trabalho e de gestão da Atenção Primária. Nesse contexto, buscou-se cartografar as práticas de apoio na Atenção Primária à Saúde da Regional Administrativa do Recanto das Emas e correlacioná-las com as prioridades de saúde do Distrito Federal, mediante pesquisa-intervenção, sob referencial qualitativo, com métodos participativos e produção de narrativas coletivas. A experimentação do apoio propiciou: qualificação e alinhamento das ações institucionais com as prioridades da gestão; qualificação, humanização e melhoria dos processos de trabalho e da gestão; implantação de colegiados gestores; intervenção nas práticas cotidianas dos serviços da Atenção Primária. Conclui-se que as práticas de apoio podem aprimorar os processos de gestão democrática e contribuem para a qualificação da assistência.
Associação entre o grau de implantação da Rede Amamenta Brasil e indicadores de amamentação
Authors: Venancio Sonia Isoyama , Giugliani Elsa Regina Justo , Silva Osvaldinete Lopes de Oliveira , Stefanello Juliana , Benicio Maria Helena D'Aquino , Reis Márcia Cristina Guerreiro dos , Issler Roberto Mario Silveira , Santo Lilian Cordova do Espírito , Cardoso Maria Regina Alves , Rios Gabriela Sintra
Published: March 2016

O objetivo foi avaliar a implantação da Rede Amamenta Brasil e seu impacto sobre indicadores de aleitamento materno (AM). Realizou-se análise de implantação de segundo tipo, incluindo 56 unidades básicas de saúde (UBS) de três municípios brasileiros. Para a avaliação do grau de implantação, criou-se um escore para cada UBS baseado no cumprimento dos critérios de certificação do Ministério da Saúde; para a análise dos efeitos da implantação, foram pesquisadas as prevalências de amamentação exclusiva e de amamentação. Verificou-se que 18 (32,1%) UBS cumpriam os quatro critérios preconizados para certificação. Foram incluídas no estudo 1.052 crianças menores de um ano, sendo 563 menores de seis meses. Verificou-se que as UBS que cumpriam os quatro critérios de certificação tiveram maior prevalência de amamentação exclusiva (44%), quando comparadas às demais UBS. Dificuldades para a implantação da Rede Amamenta Brasil foram identificadas, e os indicadores de AM variaram de acordo com o número de critérios de certificação cumpridos pelas UBS.
Prevalência da assistência domiciliar prestada à população idosa brasileira e fatores associados
Authors: Wachs Louriele Soares , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Soares Mariangela Uhlmann , Facchini Luiz Augusto , Thumé Elaine
Published: March 2016

Avaliar a prevalência e os fatores associados à assistência domiciliar na população idosa brasileira. Estudo transversal de base populacional com indivíduos de 60 anos ou mais, residentes na área urbana de 100 municípios, localizados em 23 estados brasileiros. Foi utilizado modelo de regressão de Poisson para análise bruta e ajustada. Foram entrevistados 6.624 idosos e a prevalência da assistência domiciliar foi de 11,7%. Após ajuste, a ocorrência foi maior entre as mulheres, nos mais velhos, com menor escolaridade e poder aquisitivo, com diagnóstico de morbidade crônica, história de queda, hospitalização prévia e consulta médica nos últimos três meses. Os resultados destacam a maior utilização da assistência domiciliar por idosos mais vulneráveis. Esse achado indica uma contribuição da assistência domiciliar à promoção da equidade na atenção à saúde no país, principalmente em decorrência da expansão da Estratégia Saúde da Família. Os resultados podem subsidiar a organização do processo de trabalho de profissionais e gestores na atenção básica à saúde.
Regulamentação do estrogênio sintético 17α-etinilestradiol em matrizes aquáticas na Europa, Estados Unidos e Brasil
Authors: Cunha Danieli Lima da , Silva Samuel Muylaert Camargo da , Bila Daniele Maia , Oliveira Jaime Lopes da Mota , Sarcinelli Paula de Novaes , Larentis Ariane Leites
Published: March 2016

O estrogênio sintético 17α-etinilestradiol, principal componente utilizado em formulações de contraceptivos orais, tem sido apontado como um dos principais compostos responsáveis por provocar efeitos adversos no sistema endócrino de várias espécies. O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o estado da arte dos dispositivos legais e normativos referentes ao controle desse estrogênio sintético nas águas da Europa e dos Estados Unidos, e traçar um paralelo com a realidade brasileira. No geral, os países têm buscado ampliar a regulamentação e monitoramento de alguns micropoluentes emergentes que antes não eram objeto de atenção por parte dos dispositivos legais. A Europa está mais avançada no que tange à qualidade dos corpos hídricos, enquanto que nos Estados Unidos esta substância é alvo de regulamentação apenas para a água destinada ao consumo humano. No Brasil, ainda não há nenhum dispositivo legal ou normativo que aborde esse estrogênio, o que pode ser associado a uma baixa maturidade do sistema brasileiro quanto ao controle de poluentes hídricos.
A legislação da atenção básica do Sistema Único de Saúde: uma análise documental
Authors: Domingos Carolina Milena , Nunes Elisabete de Fátima Polo de Almeida , Carvalho Brígida Gimenez , Mendonça Fernanda de Freitas
Published: March 2016

A reflexão sobre as normas jurídicas voltadas para a atenção básica colabora na compreensão de como está sendo conduzida a política de saúde no Brasil. Assim, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as normas jurídicas fortalecedoras da atenção básica. Este estudo utilizou a análise documental referente às ações, programas e estratégias de fortalecimento da atenção primária priorizados pelo Ministério da Saúde. Foram encontradas um total de 224 normas referentes a dois grupos de documentos denominados: normas instituidoras e normas complementares. As instituidoras, além de trazerem os princípios e diretrizes do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), também significaram, principalmente, a ampliação de ações. O tema financiamento ocupou um lugar central no quantitativo de normas, especialmente em relação às complementares. Por fim, esta análise leva à reflexão sobre o quanto essas estratégias podem induzir a articulação de gestores e sociedade civil na construção de um projeto político que resulte em melhorias e atenda às necessidades de saúde da população.
Facial extensive ulcer
Authors: Fernández-Crehuet Pablo , Ruiz-Villaverde Ricardo
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC), as described in 1910, is a distinctive variety of skin cancer and its etiology and pathological characteristics have generated much controversy over the years. Currently, BSC is considered a basal cell carcinoma (BCC) subtype with aggressive behavior and greater tendency for recurrence and metastases. We present a clinical case recently reported in our unit.
EuroSCORE II and STS as mortality predictors in patients undergoing TAVI
Authors: Rosa Vitor Emer Egypto , Lopes Antonio Sergio de Santis Andrade , Accorsi Tarso Augusto Duenhas , Fernandes João Ricardo Cordeiro , Spina Guilherme Sobreira , Sampaio Roney Orismar , Paixão Milena Ribeiro , Pomerantzeff Pablo Maria , Lemos Neto Pedro Alves , Tarasoutchi Flávio
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY Introduction: the EuroSCORE II and STS are the most used scores for surgical risk stratification and indication of transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI). However, its role as a tool for mortality prediction in patients undergoing TAVI is still unclear. Objective: to evaluate the performance of the EuroSCORE II and STS as predictors of in-hospital and 30-day mortality in patients undergoing TAVI. Methods: we included 59 symptomatic patients with severe aortic stenosis that underwent TAVI between 2010 and 2014. The variables were analyzed using Student's t-test and Fisher's exact test and the discriminative power was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the curve (AUC) with a 95% confidence interval. Results: mean age was 81±7.3 years, 42.3% men. The mean EuroSCORE II was 7.6±7.3 % and STS was 20.7±10.3%. Transfemoral procedure was performed in 88.13%, transapical in 3.38% and transaortic in 8.47%. In-hospital mortality was 10.1% and 30-day mortality was 13.5%. Patients who died had EuroSCORE II and STS higher than the survivors (33.7±16.7vs. 18.6±7.3% p=0,0001 for STS and 13.9±16.1 vs. 4.8±3.8% p=0.0007 for EuroSCORE II). The STS showed an AUC of 0.81 and the EuroSCORE II of 0.77 and there were no differences in the discrimination ability using ROC curves (p=0.72). Conclusion: in this cohort, the STS and EuroSCORE II were predictors of in-hospital and 30-days mortality in patients with severe aortic stenosis undergoing TAVI.
Predictive value of clinical history compared with urodynamic study in 1,179 women
Authors: Haddad Jorge Milhem , Monaco Helga Elisa Marquesini Gonzales , Kwon Clarice , Bernardo Wanderley Marques , Guidi Homero Gustavo de Campos , Baracat Edmund Chada
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY Objective: to determine the positive predictive value of clinical history in comparison with urodynamic study for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence. Methods: retrospective analysis comparing clinical history and urodynamic evaluation of 1,179 women with urinary incontinence. The urodynamic study was considered the gold standard, whereas the clinical history was the new test to be assessed. This was established after analyzing each method as the gold standard through the difference between their positive predictive values. Results: the positive predictive values of clinical history compared with urodynamic study for diagnosis of stress urinary incontinence, overactive bladder and mixed urinary incontinence were, respectively, 37% (95% CI 31-44), 40% (95% CI 33-47) and 16% (95% CI 14-19). Conclusion: we concluded that the positive predictive value of clinical history was low compared with urodynamic study for urinary incontinence diagnosis. The positive predictive value was low even among women with pure stress urinary incontinence.
Folic acid and diseases - supplement it or not?
Authors: Liew Siaw-Cheok
Published: March 2016

SUMMARY Introduction: folic acid is a water soluble vitamin, which is synthetically-produced and found in fortified foods and supplements. Folate is found naturally in plants, such as the dark green leafy vegetables. Folate is not synthesizedde novo by humans, therefore the daily requirements are met from the dietary intake of folic acid supplements or food rich in this vitamin. Folate deficiency could lead to numerous common health problems. Hyperhomocysteinemia and the possibility of malignancy developments are the long term consequences of this deficit albeit contradictory findings on these claims. Methods: the articles included in this review focused on recent updated evidence-based reports and meta-analyses on the associations of the serum folate/folic acid and the various diseases found globally. Results: the benefit of folic acid supplementation in the pre-conception period for the prevention of neural tube defects (NTDs) was well established and it was suggested that counseling sessions should be given to women with previous pregnancies affected by NTDs. However, supplementation of folic acid and its medicinal effects in the treatment of other diseases were contradictory and unclear. Conclusion: more detailed investigations into the health benefits of folic acid are needed before it could be recommended for supplementation, treatment or prevention of some of the diseases discussed in this review.
Gait performance of the elderly under dual-task conditions: Review of instruments employed and kinematic parameters
Authors: Gomes Gisele de Cássia , Teixeira-Salmela Luci Fuscaldi , Freitas Flávia Alexandra Silveira de , Fonseca Maria Luísa Morais , Pinheiro Marina de Barros , Morais Viviane Aparecida de Carvalho , Caramelli Paulo
Published: March 2016

Introduction The physiological deterioration associated with ageing exposes elderly persons to greater risks of falls, especially during the performance of simultaneous tasks during gait. Objectives To evaluate the effects of dual tasks (DT) on spatiotemporal gait parameters and to identify the tools and tasks most commonly used to assess the performance of DT among the elderly. Method Searches of the MEDLINE, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and SciELO databases were conducted. Observational studies, which evaluated gait changes during the performance of DT, published up to April 2014, were selected. Results A total of 385 articles were found, of which 28 were selected. Decreases in speed and increases in stride variability, stride time, step width, and double support time were observed under DT conditions. Motion analysis systems, such as the GAITRite walkway(r) system were the mostly commonly used instruments for the analyses of kinematic parameters (16 studies). DT was most commonly assessed by arithmetic calculations in 20 studies, followed by verbal fluency, in nine studies. The gait parameters most commonly assessed were speed (19 studies), followed by stride variability (14 studies). Conclusion The elderly showed changes in spatiotemporal gait parameters under DT conditions. Gait speed and stride variability were often assessed and, together, were considered good indicators of risks of falls.
Health status of elderly persons of Antioquia, Colombia
Authors: Arango Doris Cardona , Cardona Angela Segura , Duque María Garzón , Cardona Alejandra Segura , Sierra Sara María Cano
Published: March 2016

Objective The health needs of older adults constitute challenges for health monitoring and care, resulting in increased costs. The present study therefore sought to analyze the health status of the elderly to enable targeting and intervention, in the pursuit of healthy aging for all. Method A quantitative observational cross-sectional study using a primary source was performed in 2012. A total of 4,248 adults aged over 60 years of age residing in the nine regions of Antioquia, Colombia, and the capital city were surveyed. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis was performed of statistical and epidemiological measures, based on confidence intervals and statistical tests under 5%. Results One in four individuals had a risk of depression, one in three were at risk of anxiety, eight out of ten had cognitive impairment, mainly mild, and the same proportion were at nutritional risk. The elderly persons suffered from all types of abuse, notably psychological. Conclusions Thehealth status ofelderly personsis more affectedbymental than physical healthrisks, indicatingthatpublic policy anda better distribution ofresourcesshould be aimed at seeking animprovement in qualityof life anddignified aging, differentiated byregion.