bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Zinc Removal with Lignocellulosic Adsorbents; Interaction Mechanisms, from Biosorbent to Soil Conditioner
Authors: Kayranli Birol
Published: April 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Disparities in the implementation of the Health Extension Program in Ethiopia: doing more and better towards universal health coverage
Authors: Haregu Tilahun , Alemayehu Yibeltal Kiflie , Alemu Yibeltal Assefa , Medhin Girmay , Woldegiorgis Mulu Abraha , Fentaye Fasil Walelign , Gerbaba Mulusew J , Teklu Alula M
Published: April 2021

IntroductionLarge-scale implementation of the Health Extension Program (HEP) has enabled Ethiopia to make significant progress in health services coverage and health outcomes. However, evidence on equity and disparities in implementation of the HEP and its outputs is limited. The aim of this study was to examine disparities in the implementation of the HEP in Ethiopia.MethodsWe used data from the 2019 National HEP assessment conducted between Oct 2018 and Sept 2019 in nine regions in the country. Data was collected from 62 districts, 343 Health posts, 179 Health centres, 584 Health Extension Workers (HEWs), 7,043 women from 7,122 Households. This study focused on selected input, service delivery, and service coverage indicators. We used rate differences, rate ratios and index of disparity to assess disparities in HEP implementation across regions.ResultsWe found wide interregional disparities in HEP implementation. Developing regional states (DRS) had significantly availability of qualified HEWs (Rate Ratio (RR) = 0.54), proportion of households visited by Health Extension workers (RR = 0.40, and proportion of mothers who received education on child nutrition (RR = 0.45) as compared national average. There are also significant disparities in HEP implementation among DRS in proportion of household visited by HEWs in the past 12 months (Index of disparity = 1.58) and proportion of adolescents who interacted with HEWs (Index of disparity = 1.43). Despite low overall coverage of health services in DRS, the contribution of the HEP for maternal health services is relatively high.ConclusionThere exist significant interregional disparities in HEP implementation in Ethiopia. The level of disparity among DRS is also remarkable. If the country is to achieve UHC, it is important that these disparities are addressed systematically and strategically. This calls for further attention in all regions, in general, and a tailored approach in DRS, in particular.
Epidemiology of Organophosphate Poisoning in North of Iran
Authors: Mohammadi-Kojidi Hamid , Pulok Mohammad Habibullah , Rad Enayatollah Homaie , Felezi-Nasiri Banafsheh , Attarchi Mirsaeid
Published: April 2021

Introduction: The use of pesticides as one of the main agricultural poles has been increased in Iran in recent years. Organophosphate poisoning has harmful the consequences for human health. This study present clinical and laboratory evidences on the patients exposed to agricultural insecticides poisoning and the cause of these poisons.Methods: We collected clinical data from the patients referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran who were poisoned with organophosphorus toxins. For this purpose, a checklist was prepared, and data were collected for 414 patients between 2011 and 2016. Results: The results showed that the most cases of poisoning were men (73%) and about 27.2% of the patients was in the age group of 45-60 years (highest frequency in age groups)..The most frequent symptoms were vomiting (65%), nausea (61%), abdominal pain (39%), and perspiration (27%). There was also a decrease in consciousness (16%) and sialorrhea (16%). 186 (46.2%) patients were exposed to organophosphorus toxins by respiratory and 215 (53.4%) orally. Out of the 414 samples, 102 (33%) had abnormal CPK enzymes and 114 (34.5%) abnormal LDHs. Mean hospital length of stay (LOS) was 3.3 days. We found significant relationship of LOS with heart failure, hypertension, and addiction. Conclusion: To better manage the process of treatment of agricultural poisoned patients and to reduce the waste of limited resources available, careful consideration should be given to the type of pesticide used by the patient to prevent overdose and unintentional use of antidote. Act.
Analysis of Equibiaxial Tension Tests for Hyperelastic EAP Film
Authors: luo huaan , Zhu Yin-Long , Zhao Hai-Feng , Zhang Jing-Jing
Published: April 2021

Equibiaxial tension tests for hyperelastic electroactive polymers (EAPs) are important means to obtain the mechanical properties. There are three main methods: equibiaxial planar tension, radial tension and bulge test. The finite element analysis software is used to model and analyze the influence of testing apparatus, specimen geometric parameters on the test results and accuracy. The results show that the uniformity of the deformation of the square film can be effectively improved by using single corner point fixed tension in equibiaxial planar tension test, and the force error also decreased; the number of the cuts and the size of punched holes should be appropriate in radial tension test of circular diaphragm specimen to avoid the material strength failure caused by excessive tension along the edge of transition arc between grips and excessive deformation of tensile belt between the cuts; in bulge test, the sampled deformation data should be near the spherical pole to obtain more accurate stress-strain relationship owing to contour error and non-uniform deformation, a certain range of model parameters will limit the scope of simulation analysis. This paper proposed research provides guidance for the design of equibiaxial tension test apparatus and method to obtain more accurate test results.
The Impact of Antimonopoly Regulation on Innovative Entrepreneurship in the Context of the Epidemiological Crisis: on the Example of Foreign Developed Countries and Russia
Authors: Borscheva Natalia Leonidovna , Fedorova Yulia Vyacheslavovna , Kirikutsa Elena Gennadievna , Islamova Guzal Ilgizovna , Fedorov Egor Andreevich
Published: April 2021

Today, entrepreneurs are trying to compensate for the financial losses that they incur due to the epidemiological crisis. At the same time, they can use illegal ways to increase profits, driving competitors out of the market and infringing on the rights of consumers. In such conditions, there are two opposite trends: on the one hand, the state softens control, on the other — in a number of industries, regulation, on the contrary, increases. The article is devoted to the study of the influence of antimonopoly regulation on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in unfavorable conditions. It is generally believed that competition is the incentive for the development of innovations. Therefore, the task of maintaining the competitive state of the markets is the main task of the antimonopoly authorities. In fact, the actions of the antimonopoly authorities may not always achieve the set goal, sometimes the results of antimonopoly regulation may be the opposite of the desired ones, up to the appearance of anti-competitive effects. In this regard, the study of the impact of antimonopoly regulation on the development of innovative entrepreneurship in the context of the epidemiological crisis in order to assess such an impact is timely and relevant.
The Therapeutic Effect of Circular RNA ST3GAL6 on Blocking GC Malignant Behaviors Through Autophagy Regulated by the FOXP2/MET/Mtor Axis
Authors: Xu Penghui , Zhang Xing , Cao Jiacheng , Yang Jing , Chen Zetian , Wang Weizhi , Wang Sen , Zhang Lu , Xie Li , Fang Lang , Xia Yiwen , Xuan Zhe , Lv Jialun , Xu Zekuan
Published: April 2021

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) ranks third in motality among all cancers worldwide. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) play essential roles in the malignant progression and metastasis of gastric cancer. As a transcription factor, FOXP2 is involved in the progression of many tumours. However, the regulation and association between circRNAs and FOXP2 remain to be discovered. Methods: RNA sequencing was used to explore differential circRNA expression profile in gastric cancer and quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) were used to detect circST3GAL6 expression. The cellular location of circST3GAL6 was determined by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Functional experiments in circST3GAL6 knockdown and overexpression cell lines were performed in vitro and in vivo. The correlation between circST3GAL6 and miR-300 was confirmed by the RNA pull-down assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The effects of circST3GAL6 on autophagy were detected by confocal microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanism of the circST3GAL6/miR-300/FOXP2 axis was verified by western blotting. The transcriptional regulation of Met by FOXP2 was proven by ChIP and luciferase reporter assays.Results: CircST3GAL6 was significantly depressed in GC tissues and cells. circST3GAL6 overexpression inhibited the proliferation, invasion and metastasis of GC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, circST3GAL6 overexpression induced apoptosis and promote autophagy in GC cells. Furthermore, we found that circST3GAL6 sponged miR-300 and subsequently regulated FOXP2. We further revealed that FOXP2 suppressed the activation of the Met/AKT/mTOR axis, a classic pathway that regulates autophagy-mediated proliferation and migration.Conclusion: Our ﬁndings revealed that circST3GAL6 functions as a tumour suppressor through the miR-300/FOXP2 axis in GC, regulates apoptosis and autophagy through FOXP2-mediated transcriptional inhibition of the MET axis and may be a biomarker for GC treatment.
Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Behaviour of SiC and Kaoline Reinforced Aluminium Metal Matrix Composites Fabricated through Powder Metallurgy Technique
Authors: vavilada venkatesh , Deoghare Ashish B
Published: April 2021

In this study, the effect of naturally available and low-cost kaoline particles on the microstructural and mechanical behaviour of Al- SiC- Kaoline Hybrid metal matrix composite was investigated. Al-10% SiC- x% Kaoline (X = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8) composite samples were fabricated through powder metallurgy technique by applying a compaction pressure of 350 MPa. The fabricated composite samples were subjected to Density, Hardness, tensile and impact tests to study the mechanical behaviour of fabricated hybrid composite. The presence of SiC and Kaoline reinforcements was confirmed by using SEM and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. It was observed that the maximum ultimate tensile strength (U.T.S) and maximum Yield Strength (Y.S) of the hybrid composite were found to be 263 MPa and 202 MPa for Al-10%SiC-4%kaoline reinforcement. The formation of the intermetallic compound such as Al2Cu was observed in XRD and SEM analysis for Al-10% SiC-6 % kaoline and Al-10% SiC-8% of kaoline reinforcement which leads to decrease in the U.T.S and Y.S of fabricated specimens. The impact strength of Al-10%SiC-8% kaoline found to be decreased by 44.4% compared to unreinforced Aluminium due to the presence of harder SiC and Kaoline reinforcements particles. To study the fracture mechanism, Scanning Electron Microscopy study was carried on the fractured Tensile specimens which reveal that ductile fracture in unreinforced Al, Al-10% SiC, Al-10% SiC-2% Kaoline due to the formation of dimples and Brittle fracture was observed in Al-10% SiC-4% Kaoline, Al-10% SiC-6% Kaoline and Al-10% SiC-8% Kaoline due to the existence of cleavages and microcracks.
Magnetic resonance imaging for the evaluation of ligamentous injury associated with pelvic anterior–posterior compression fracture
Authors: Xu Yu , Ye Hantao , Zhou Chengwei , Sun Shuaibo , Bao Guodong , Kong Jianzhong , Guo xiaoshan , Shui xiaolong
Published: April 2021

Background

Pelvic anterior–posterior compression (APC) fracture is typically associated with pelvic ligament damage. We used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to evaluate ligamentous injury associated with pelvic APC fracture.
Methods

Thirty healthy adults and 26 patients with pelvic APC fractures were enrolled in this study. All healthy adults underwent a series of MRI scans. Pelvic ligament visualization was scored [0 (poor) to 3 (excellent)] to identify the best scanning method. Then, MRI examination of patients with pelvic APC fracture was performed using this method.
Results

For healthy adults, oblique axial and axial scans provided the best visualization of the anterior sacroiliac ligament [ASL; good and excellent scores in 100% (30/30) and 96.7% (29/30) of cases, respectively; both P < 0.05 vs. coronal scans], followed by coronal scans [73.3% (22/30)]; sagittal scans provided poor visualization of this ligament (0%). Oblique sagittal scans provided the best visualization of the sacrotuberous ligament (SBL) and sacrospinous ligament [SPL; good and excellent scores in 90% (27/30) and 67.7% (20/30) of cases, respectively]. In patients with type I APC fracture, all three ligaments were intact without injury; in those with type III fracture, all three ligaments had ruptured. All type II APC fractures were associated with ASL rupture; the other two ligaments were injured simultaneously in 8 (42.1%) cases and two ligaments were uninjured simultaneously in 7 (36.8%) of these cases. Four patients had pubic symphysis separation > 30 mm, with no SBL or SPL injury; two patients had about 25 mm separation with SPL injury.
Conclusion

Healthy and injured pelvic ligaments can be evaluated using MRI; oblique axial and axial scanning are best for ASL visualization, and oblique sagittal scanning are best for SPL and SBL visualization. Pubic symphysis separation > 25 mm is not necessarily associated with SPL or SBL injury.
Mesoporous activated carbon yielded from pre-leached cassava peels
Authors: Kayiwa Ronald , Kasedde Hillary , Lubwama Michael , Kirabira John Baptist
Published: April 2021

The search for alternatives to fossil based commercial activated carbon (AC) continues to reveal new eco-friendly potential precursors, among which is agricultural waste. The key research aspect in all these endeavors is empirical ascertainment of the core properties of the resultant AC to suit a particular purpose. These properties include; yield, surface area, pore volume and the active surface groups. It is therefore pertinent to have process conditions controlled and tailored towards these properties for the required resultant AC. Highly porous AC was prepared from cassava peels by pre-treating and activating them using NaOH and KOH respectively. The carbonization temperatures were between 480 and 780°C in an activation-carbonization stepwise process using KOH as the activator at a KOH: peel ratio of 5:2 (mass basis). A 42% maximum yield of AC was realized along with a total pore volume of 0.756 cm3g− 1 and BET surface area of 1684 m2g− 1. The AC was dominantly microporous for carbonization temperatures below 780°C but a remarkable increase in mesopore volume (0.471 cm3g− 1) relative to the micropore volume (0.281 cm3g− 1) was observed at 780°C. The Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy for the pre-treated cassava peels showed distortion in the C-H bonding depicting possible elaboration of more lignin from cellulose disruption by NaOH. A carboxylate stretch was also observed owing to the reaction of Na+ ions with the carboxyl group in the raw peels. FTIR showed possible absorption bands for the AC between 1425 and 1712 cm− 1 wave numbers. Besides the botanical qualities of the cassava peel genotype used, pre-leaching the peels and also increasing holding activation temperature above the melting point of potassium enabled the modified process of producing highly porous AC from cassava peel. The SEM imaging showed well-developed hexagonal pores in the resultant AC.
Differentially methylated regions (DMRs)-dependent cfDNA fragmentation profile for diagnosis of breast cancer
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Ming , Su Mingyang , Shu Lirong , Wang Hongxian , Wu Xiaoqian , Zhong Guocheng , Tang Zhixiong , Chen Peng , Zhang Shasha , Wang Yun , Yu Li , Gou Deming
Published: April 2021

Background Breast cancer, the most common malignancy in women, has been proved to have both altered plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) methylation and fragmentation profile, nevertheless, simultaneously detecting both of them for breast cancer diagnosis has never been reported. Moreover, although it is known that fragmentation pattern of cfDNA is determined by nuclease digestion of chromatin, structure of which may be affected by DNA methylation, whether cfDNA methylation and fragmentation are biologically related or not still remains unclear.Methods A total of 25 plasm samples from both healthy individuals and patients with breast cancer were divided into discovery cohort and validation cohort. Improved cfMeDIP-seq were utilized to simultaneously profile both cfDNA methylation and fragments size, short fragments ratio were investigated in differentially methylated regions (DMRs). The feasibility of using cfDNA fragmentation profile in hypo- and hyper- methylated regions as a diagnostic marker for breast cancer was evaluated.Results Mean cfDNA fragments size ranging from 100 to 220 base pairs (bp) was found to increase from 170.06 (Input libraries) to 173.04 (IP libraries) bp in healthy individuals, which was not observed in patients with breast cancer (170.51 to 170.71 bp). Furthermore, mean size of cfDNA fragments mapped to hypomethylated regions decreased more in patients with breast cancer (4.60 bp, 172.33 bp in hypermethylated regions to 167.73 bp in hypomethylated regions) than healthy individuals (2.87 bp, 174.54 bp in hypermethylated regions to 171.67 bp in hypomethylated regions). An approach called ‘correlation assessment of DMRs-dependent cfDNA fragmentation profile’ was developed to evaluate the feasibility of using abnormality of short cfDNA fragments ratio in hypomethylated genomic windows for diagnosis of breast cancer in validation cohort. 7 out of 11 patients were detected as having breast cancer (63.6% sensitivity), whereas no healthy individuals were mis-detected (100% specificity).Conclusion We identified enriched short cfDNA fragments after 5mC-immunoprecipitation (IP) in patients with breast cancer, and demonstrated the enriched short cfDNA fragments might originated from hypomethylated genomic regions. Furthermore, we proved the feasibility of using differentially methylated regions (DMRs)-dependent cfDNA fragmentation profile for breast cancer diagnosis.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein and Anti-Platelet Factor 4 Antibody Responses Induced by COVID-19 Disease and ChAdOx1 nCov-19 vaccination
Authors: Greinacher Andreas , Selleng Kathleen , Mayerle Julia , Palankar Raghavendra , Wesche Jan , Reiche Sven , Aebischer Andrea , Warkentin Theodore E. , Muenchhoff Maximilian , Hellmuth Johannes C. , Keppler Oliver T. , Duerschmied Daniel , Lother Achim , Rieg Siegbert , Gawaz Meinrad Paul , Mueller Karin Anne Lydia , Scheer Christian S. , Napp Matthias , Hahnenkamp Klaus , Lucchese Guglielmo , Vogelgesang Antje , Flöel Agnes , Lovreglio Piero , Stufano Angela , Marschalek Rolf , Thiele Thomas
Published: April 2021

Background: Some recipients of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca develop antibody-mediated vaccine-induced thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT), associated with cerebral venous and other unusual thrombosis resembling autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. A prothrombotic predisposition is also observed in Covid-19. We explored whether antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein induced by Covid-19 cross-react with platelet factor 4 (PF4/CXLC4), the protein targeted in both VITT and autoimmune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.Methods: Immunogenic epitopes of PF4 and SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were compared via prediction tools and 3D modelling software (IMED, SIM, MacMYPOL). Sera from 222 PCR-confirmed Covid-19 patients from five European centers were tested by PF4/heparin ELISA, heparin-dependent and PF4-dependent platelet activation assays. Immunogenic reactivity of purified anti-PF4 and anti-PF4/heparin antibodies from patients with VITT were tested against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Results: Three motifs within the spike protein sequence share a potential immunogenic epitope with PF4. Nineteen of 222 (8.6%) Covid-19 patient sera tested positive in the IgG-specific PF4/heparin ELISA, none of which showed platelet activation in the heparin-dependent activation assay, including 10 (4.5%) of the 222 Covid-19 patients who developed thromboembolic complications. Purified anti-PF4 and anti-PF4/heparin antibodies from two VITT patients did not show cross-reactivity to recombinant SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Conclusions: The antibody responses to PF4 in SARS-CoV-2 infection and after vaccination with COVID-19 Vaccine AstraZeneca differ. Antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein do not cross-react with PF4 or PF4/heparin complexes through molecular mimicry. These findings make it very unlikely that the intended vaccine-induced immune response against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein would itself induce VITT.
Analysis of cultural values of young Saudi citizens towards segmentation of commercial advertisements
Authors: Khan Sania
Published: April 2021

Advertisement, being one of the most effective marketing tools, induces customers to purchase their products and encourages them to behave in a certain way. This study focused on the relationship between demographic and cultural values of young Saudi Arabians. Primary data was collected from a total of 284 respondents from the Riyadh region using an online survey. The survey questionnaire was adopted from previous relevant studies and modified according to the objectives of the understudy by considering the cultural values apparent to Saudi citizens. The corresponding sub-items were also designed on a 5-point Likert scale. Based on the theoretical aspects presented in the literature, the hypotheses were formulated to find the substantial contributions of the sample data. The correlation using SPSS revealed that gender and marital status had no relation to the segmentation of advertisements, whereas other vital cultural factors such as religion, language, manners and customs, social institutions, aesthetics, and traditions demonstrated a strong linkage with segmenting firms’ advertisements. The study revealed important implications for international product advertisers and market communicators. It also provided several directions for future researchers.
Legacy 1,2,3-trichloropropane contamination: a systematic review of treatments
Authors: Hauptman B. Hope , Naughton Colleen C.
Published: April 2021

1,2,3-Trichloropropane (TCP), a suspected human carcinogen, is a widespread contaminant that leaches into groundwater, where it persists. This systematic review of studies examines treatment technologies for TCP contamination. A four-database search yielded 1,160 papers, 36 of which met the eligibility criteria for a full-text review. The three most-represented treatment technologies, such as biodegradation (13), zerovalent transition metals (8), and granular activated carbon (GAC) (4), are either fully deployed in water systems or in the field test stage. To meet TCP treatment goals, additional site-specific testing of well water is needed since source water chemistry and co-contamination influence treatment efficacy. Future studies should include standardized units for reporting degradation or sorption normalized to surface area, chemical input, and/or energy expenditures. Although GAC is the most common treatment for contaminated wells, this technology remains limited due to a low TCP adsorption capacity which requires frequent bed-volume replacement. Aerobic biodegradation, reduction with zerovalent iron, and Fenton's treatment produce byproducts that could limit their use. A geospatial analysis of TCP treatment studies reveals a dearth of knowledge about the extent of TCP contamination. TCP contamination is documented in at least nine countries on three continents, but there is little information about the rest of the world.
Spatio-temporal modeling of COVID-19 epidemic
Authors:   Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel, Sokolovsky V.L. , Furman G.B. ,   Ben Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel, Polyanskaya D.A. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614000, Russian Federation, Furman E.G. ,   Perm State Medical University named after Academician E.A. Wagner, 26 Petropavlovskaya Str., Perm, 614000, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

In autumn and winter 2020–2021 there was a growth in morbidity with COVID-19. Since there are no efficient medications and mass vaccination has only just begun, quarantine, limitations on travels and contacts between people as well as use of personal protection equipment (masks) still remain priority measures aimed at preventing the disease from spreading. In this work we have analyzed how the epidemic developed and what impacts quarantine measures exerted on the disease spread; to do that we applied various mathematical models. It was shown that simple models belonging to SIR-type (S means susceptible; I, infected; and R, recovered or removed from the infected group) allowed estimating certain model parameters such as morbidity and recovery coefficients that could be used in more complicated models. We examined spatio-temporal epidemiologic models based on finding solutions to non-stationary two-dimensional reaction-diffusion equations. Such models allow taking into account uneven distribution of population, changes in population mobility, and changes in frequency of contacts between susceptible and infected people due to quarantine. We applied obtained analytical and numerical solutions to analyze different stages in the epidemic as well as its wave-like development influenced by imposing and canceling quarantine limitations. To take into account ultimate rate at which the disease spreads and its incubation period (when an infected person is not a source of contagion), we suggest using equations similar to the Cattaneo-Vernotte one. The suggested model allows predicting where the front of morbidity spread is going to occur, that is, a moving frontier between areas where there are infected people and areas where they are absent. Use of such models provides an opportunity to introduce differential quarantine measures basing on more objective grounds. At the end of 2020 mass vaccination started in some countries. We estimated a necessary number of people that had to be vaccinated so that new waves of COVID-19 epidemic would be prevented; in our estimates, not less than 80% of the country population should be vaccinated. Correct prediction of epidemic development is becoming more and more vital at the moment due to new and more contagious COVID-19 virus strains occurring in England, South Africa, and some other countries. Our research results can be used for predicting spread of COVID-19 and other communicable diseases; they can make for taking the most efficient measures for successful control over epidemics.
Physiological criteria for improving labor intensity classification used in occupational risks assessment
Authors:   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., 105275, Moscow, Russian Federation, Bukhtiyarov I.V. , Yushkova O.I. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., 105275, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khodzhiev M. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., 105275, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kapustina A.V. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., 105275, Moscow, Russian Federation, Forverts A.Yu. ,   Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health, 31 Budennogo Ave., 105275, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

The paper focuses on results of substantiating and selecting informative physiological criteria that can be used for assessing and controlling functional state and working conditions category taking into account physical and nervous-emotional loads borne by CNC- machinery operators. Basing on complex physiological and ergonomic studies and retrospective data analysis, we showed that workers from various occupational groups who dealt with physical labor had to face certain strain over a working shift. Such strains, given long-term working experience, could result in neuromuscular system overstrain and occupational diseases occurrence. We substantiated and developed informative physiological criteria that allowed assessing and controlling functional state and working capacity as well as working conditions category taking into account occupational activities. The present research involved using a set of occupational studies, physiological and ergonomic procedures as well as clinical and statistic ones for examining peculiarities related to functional state of workers’ bodies under exposure to occupational factors taking into account specific working tasks and loads. It allowed us to substantiate labor intensity assessment. Our research results revealed that there was a strong correlation between hand muscles endurance to static exertion (decrease in % by the end of a work shift) and working conditions category given local and overall muscular loads borne by workers. This criterion is recommended for control over functional state and working capacity taking into account occupational peculiarities and gender-related differences. It is necessary to accumulate scientific data for confirming a similar correlation between overall physical working capacity (OPWC) and working conditions category. Results obtained via physiological research were used for developing prevention activities for workers.
Creating zones in administrative districts located in the Russian arctic region specific as per threats of cattle burials decay due to permafrost degradation
Authors:   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovskii Ave., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation, Revich B.A. , Shaposhnikov D.A. ,   Institute of Economic Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 47 Nakhimovskii Ave., Moscow, 117418, Russian Federation, Raichich S.R. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 3A Novogireevskaya Str., Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation, Saburova S.A. ,   Central Research Institute of Epidemiology, 3A Novogireevskaya Str., Moscow, 111123, Russian Federation, Simonova E.G. ,   I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 2/6 Bol'shaya Pirogovskaya Str., Moscow, 119435, Russian Federation
Published: April 2021

Climatic changes have already resulted and will continue to result in gradual degradation of active upper layers in permafrost due to increased average air temperature in summer. Anthrax is an example of a climate-depending bacterial infection; anthrax agent creates spores that remain viable for a long period of time they spend in cryptobiosis in permafrost. Apparent permafrost degradation is already detected in most arctic regions in Russia and it can lead to anthrax burials decay thus creating elevated risks of the infection among farm animals and people who live on these territories. Our research goal was to create specific zones in municipal districts via combining data on permafrost, number of anthrax cattle burials, ascending trends in average long-term temperatures, and population density. We developed two relative hazard coefficients for characterizing anthrax outbreaks probability for animals and local population. Basing on numeric values obtained for these two coefficients, 70 administrative districts located in 15 RF subjects in the Arctic zone were listed in a descending order as per risks of the infection occurrence. We created two score scales showing relative hazard; they indicated that the highest population risk was typical for urban districts as population density there was much high than in rural ones. Our calculations should be helpful for determining priorities when preventive activities are developed on arctic and sub-arctic territories that are endemic as per anthrax. It is also important to obtain an actual list of cattle burials and to develop spatial-time models showing anthrax outbreaks occurrence taking into account climatic warming and permafrost degradation.
A BIOPOLÍTICA DE MICHEL FOUCAULT: CONTROLE DO INDIVÍDUO E DA SOCIEDADE
Authors: Viana Alves Yossonale , Adriano de Azevedo Marcio
Published: April 2021

Este trabalho de cunho bibliográfico objetiva apreender a concepção de biopolítica desenvolvida por Michel Foucault, tendo como referente uma análise bibliográfica de suas obras. Esse pensador oferece um arcabouço literário para analisar a evolução histórica das sociedades contemporâneas de modernização econômica e social capitalista, tendo como objeto a imersão na racionalização econômica dos processos relacionados à vida humana. Entende que a vida humana não apenas passou a ser parte integrante das decisões políticas, dos cálculos de poder, e da própria racionalização social como um todo. Para ele a vida é gerida, controlada e formatada com base na maximização de sua utilidade. Sendo assim, o controle da sociedade sobre os indivíduos não se efetua apenas pela consciência ou pela ideologia, mas no corpo e com o corpo, utilizando-se os procedimentos de poder postos em prática pelo Estado moderno que tem como tarefa principal a configuração e o controle do indivíduo e da própria sociedade, seja na educação, seja nas relações de trabalho. Considera-se, por fim, nesse ensaio, a necessidade do exercício reflexivo para se compreender o controle do indivíduo e da sociedade, imersos em um mundo no qual a biopolítica pode ser entendida como regulamentadora da vida.
The Impact of Knowledge on Emergence of New Organizational Form
Authors: Zha Shenyu
Published: April 2021

In the era of knowledge competition among organizations grows, while fast changing and more complicated external environment initiate new problems of survival and development. The role of information and knowledge becomes more significant, therefore knowledge acts as a major resource necessary for providing company competitiveness. Changes that took place in internal and external environment made traditional organizational form incapable to meet the requirements of organizational development, thus a new organizational form came into being, i.e. organization based on knowledge. Proceeding from characteristics given to knowledge in the article the author analyzes different understanding by overseas scientists of organization based on knowledge connotation and shows general features of such organizations.
Present Day Higher School in Russia: Challenges and Contradictions
Authors: Karpunin V. I.
Published: April 2021

In last decades higher school in Russia has undergone qualitative transformation, which deals not only with the higher school organization but also the deep foundation of this most essential social and cultural field of the ethnos being. Architecture of university education, criteria of assessing results of university work, models of education process are changing, i. e. all aspects of external attributes in the sphere of augmentation, retention and communication of accumulated knowledge to future generations. The essential foundations are changing, the power and depth of these transformations act as irreversible after-effects and refraction on the deep level of the higher education form and at the same time the society demand for the importance of higher education, individuals’ demand for applied conditions, which can provide their being in a formalized manner. Commercialization of higher school influences the form, depth and speed of transformations, stipulates demands for the functional component of education process designers, advances demands for economic efficiency and expediency of their professional work. The author shows that the key contradiction evident in the sphere of higher school of Russia, which gave birth to continuously existing problems makes professional community consider the nature of these phenomena and makes authorized representatives of power pay attention to inevitability of managerial paradigm modernization, to the necessity of introducing more tough, more formalized system of estimation criteria of efficiency of university functioning (the program of university development). But it would not prevent us from realizing the historical mission of higher school of Russia, this essence-value component of national culture and from understanding the necessity of public dialogue about the future of higher school. And finally, we must apprehend that academic education is not a service but one of the most important functions of state.
Analyzing and Classifying Risks Arising During Innovation Project Implementation in Aircraft Motor-Building
Authors: Timofeeva T. B. , Ozdoeva E. A.
Published: April 2021

The current Strategy of Innovative Development of the Russian Federation for the period up to 2020 and the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation determine the goals, priorities and objectives of the state innovation policy and scientific and technological development of the country. A significant role is given to areas that allow us to obtain scientific and technical results that are the basis for increasing the innovative level of production and consolidating the country's position in the foreign market. Among the priority areas is the aviation industry, namely the sector of aircraft engine construction. The creation of aircraft engines is currently one of the most science-intensive and high-tech tasks of the domestic aircraft industry. However, the analysis of the current state of implementation of programms in this area shows that the problems of their functioning and development are not always solved taking into account a wide range of emerging risks, the negative impact of which can lead to significant financial losses. To develop effective methods for assessing and minimizing risks, it is necessary to first analyze and classify them. In the article, based on the analysis, a system of classification of risks arising during development aircraft engines. The results obtained will allow us to give a preliminary qualitative assessment of the negative events that occur at various stages of the development of aircraft engines.
Global Market of Monoclonal Antibodies: Sales, Prices, Demand
Authors: Uvarov D. A.
Published: April 2021

Bio-pharmaceutics is one of the most science-intensive industries. Annually a lot of money is spent on applied research aimed at development and commercialization of new medications. Many pharmaceutical companies try to have in their product line or pipeline drugs on the basis of monoclonal antibodies, i.e. a class of biotechnological preparations that are used to combat oncologic and autoimmune diseases and are based on target therapy principle. Because of the high interest in bio-pharmaceutical industry on the part of businessmen, state and science any advanced data dealing with the situation inside the market can be useful for shaping the adequate picture of the present day condition and for making managerial decisions on state and private level. The article provides information about global sales of preparations based on monoclonal antibodies. Apart from sales in terms of money the author calculates the natural volume of products being sold based on price analysis of products. The article gives a list of preparations registered on EU and US markets rated by their sales. By analyzing preparation prices corrected to dosage it was possible to find the most expensive and the cheapest medications in their class. Information concerning the natural volume of drug being sold can help understand the scale of preparation production.
Práticas discursivas de docentes no ensino médio na esfera digital: mudanças e experiências durante a pandemia na Venezuela
Authors: Díaz Loyo Carlos Eduardo , Anecleto Úrsula
Published: April 2021

A situação do mundo mudou devido à experiência de uma pandemia resultante do aparecimento progressivo da doença COVID-19, que foi localizado com a primeira identificação em Wuhan, na província de Hubei (República Popular da China), e se espalhou pelos países europeus até chegar ao continente americano e fortemente a América Latina. A Venezuela é um país que não escapou dessa realidade e foi forçada a ajustar suas diferentes atividades sociais, econômicas, políticas e educacionais. No contexto educacional, foram tomadas medidas que transferiram os professores de um contexto presencial para um contexto educacional virtual, mesmo que muitas escolas possuíssem um número reduzido de artefatos tecnológicos e alguns docentes não se sentissem preparados para atuar em ambientes online e, assim, necessitaram ajustar seu discurso pedagógico a novas realidades. Portanto, houve mudanças nos sujeitos, espaços, tecnologias e práticas que não dependiam das intenções dos próprios professores, mas de uma situação mundial e dirigidas por instruções ministeriais. Este artigo apresenta um constructo teórico sobre mudanças em práticas discursivas sobre o ensino mediado por esferas digitais no contexto da pandemia, tendo como aporte a observação de mudanças realizadas no Ensino Médio venezuelano.
Mudamente: uma iniciativa de mentoria e protagonismo estudantil no contexto da pandemia COVID-19
Authors: Ferreira Junior Moacir Natercio , Nogueira Alana , Rodrigues Bárbara , Louzada Débora , Mendes Isabella , Alves Kelvin , Shyngervick Kauã , Patrícia Lavínia , Luna Milena , Melo Sâmilla , Diniz Samara , Hawani Rayssa
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar o projeto Mudamente, que consiste em uma iniciativa de mentoria aplicada ao desenvolvimento da autonomia e do protagonismo estudantil. O projeto traz como pressupostos teóricos a aprendizagem baseada em projetos, conforme Bender (2000), bem como os princípios básicos das metodologias ativas na perspectiva de Bransford et al (2000) e Pilati (2017), a saber, (i) a valorização dos conhecimentos prévios dos estudantes, (ii) a investigação dos conhecimentos profundos a respeito dos temas trabalhados e (iii) o desenvolvimento das habilidades de metacognição. Com base nesses pressupostos, os estudantes desenvolvem atividades voltadas para a melhoria da comunidade escolar por meio de reuniões entrevistas, podcasts e criação de outros materiais audiovisuais. Os temas trabalhados são escolhidos com base nos 17 Objetivos de Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS) da agenda 2030 da Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU). O projeto Mudamente se configura como uma ferramenta eficaz no desenvolvimento de conteúdos extracurriculares no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19, pois permitiu que muitos estudantes tivessem acesso a conhecimentos por meio de redes sociais e plataformas de compartilhamento de vídeos, possibilitando a continuidade dos estudos mesmo diante do contexto de isolamento social.
Agradecimentos: 
Gostaríamos de agradecer à Equipe Gestora do CEd 104 do Recanto das Emas e aos professores Hélio Henriques, Lucas Araújo e Mircéa Cândida pela assistência durante o desenvolvimento deste trabalho. Gostaríamos, também, de agradecer à ONG Construir Brasil pelo apoio e encorajamento durante o desenvolvimento de nossas atividades.
Das aulas presenciais para o ambiente virtual: estratégias de ensino em saúde coletiva para alunos de graduação em saúde
Authors: César Ivana Daniela , Danailof Kátia , Kenia Alves Fabíola
Published: April 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo relatar uma experiência de migração de uma disciplina presencial – Fundamentos da Saúde Humana - para o ambiente virtual, ministrada para estudantes de formação profissional na área da Saúde em uma instituição de Ensino superior particular. Utilizando como referência as aulas ministradas no período da pandemia, destacam-se para a análise a adaptação de alunos, professores e gestores para a reestruturação das aulas, a linguagem e comunicação adotadas em ambiente remoto, o papel da instituição e as práticas, compreendidas aqui como as estratégias de ensino utilizadas nas aulas online. Nota-se, para tanto, que esse primeiro movimento de inserção de diferentes recursos em aula coloca em destaque a atuação do estudante como protagonista no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. As estratégias utilizadas são percebidas aqui como parte do aprendizado de professores e estudantes diante deste outro ambiente que se coloca cada vez mais como uma realidade a ser considerada após o retorno às aulas presenciais.
Prática docente em Língua Portuguesa no ensino médio: desafios, experimentações e o cotidiano das câmeras fechadas
Authors: Dos Santos Daniel
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo abordar práticas pedagógicas encaminhadas no período de ensino remoto emergencial do ano de 2020. As reflexões aqui descritas e analisadas dizem respeito ao espaço profissional onde atuo - a Escola Técnica de Vargem Grande do Sul (Etec-179), situada no interior do estado de São Paulo (Brasil). Por meio deste texto, procuro destacar algumas das experiências realizadas com três turmas de Ensino Médio das quais sou responsável. Divido este artigo em dois momentos: (i) no primeiro, descrevo e analiso duas das práticas que propus, na condição de professor-reflexivo e propositor de sentidos; (ii) e, no segundo, abordo algumas inflexões que podem ser conduzidas em práticas de pesquisa que considerem as especificidades do cenário de ensino remoto emergencial.
Educação básica online: ressignificar itinerários e práticas docentes
Authors: Molina Fernanda Marisa Pereira , Piispa Juliana , Nóbrega Lucas Gomes , Miranda Luís , Catoira Thaís
Published: April 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar de forma descritiva o processo de implementação das competências de inovação, aliadas às diretrizes da BNCC a partir da estratégia pedagógica Innopeda®.. Neste sentido, esta descrição iniciará no treinamento dos gestores, coordenadores e docentes, realizado pela equipe finlandesa da TUAS - Turku University of Applied Sciences, fazendo seu percurso até a aplicação desse conjunto metodológico, sintetizado aqui neste trabalho, finalizando com o projeto interdisciplinar Paraibando, que envolve as disciplinas de Geografia, História, Português e Artes. A partir deste trajeto, apresentaremos também o processo de transição do ensino presencial para o ensino on-line, discutindo os desafios e as soluções enfrentados em nossa jornada para alcançar uma aprendizagem significativa que desenvolva competências e habilidades diante do contexto da pandemia de Covid-19.
Transposição do ensino presencial para o digital: desafios contemporâneos em tempos de pandemia
Authors: Medeiros Jimmy , Spohr Martina , Blank Thaís , Fonseca Vivian
Published: April 2021

O surto do novo coronavírus foi declarado pela Organização Mundial de Saúde no dia 30 de janeiro de 2020 como uma “Emergência de Saúde Pública de Importância Internacional”. A pandemia do novo coronavirus SARS-CoV 2  afetou o funcionamento das instituições e mudou as dinâmicas das relações sociais. Considerando o contexto de isolamento social e as restrições de mobilidade urbana impostas pela necessidade de confinamento, o presente trabalho busca apresentar detalhes do esforço de adequação e mudança do formato presencial para o ambiente digital no ensino de graduação de bacharelado da Escola de Ciências Sociais FGV CPDOC. O trabalho considera a experiência de uma instituição privada em uma grande capital brasileira com menos de cem alunos matriculados e traz uma reflexão sobre os principais acontecimentos decorridos durante a transformação.