bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Carboxyl‐Functionalized Alkylimidazolium Salts for Thermomorphic Acid‐Catalyzed Polysaccharide Hydrolysis in Water
Authors: Abhyankar Kedar A. , Somerville Rosie J. , Dyson Paul J.
Published: December 2024

We report the use of carboxyl‐functionalised alkylimidazolium salts as thermomorphic acid catalysts for the hydrolysis of cellulose and starch in water, free from organic solvents and auxiliary substances. The imidazolium salts are insoluble in water at room temperature and dissolve to form homogeneous solutions upon heating. Following catalysis at elevated temperatures the solution is cooled and the imidazolium salt precipitates from the aqueous layer to afford an aqueous glucose solution. This thermomorphic, temperature‐switchable, process allows facile separation of the product and reuse of the catalyst while ensuring catalysis commensurate with homogeneous systems.
A Wide Range Duty‐Cycle PWM Generator Using Oxide‐TFTs on a Flexible Substrate
Authors: Shrivastava Suyash , Ganga Bahubalindruni Pydi , Wadhwa Nishtha , Barquinha Pedro
Published: December 2024

This work presents an experimental characterization of a novel clocked regenerative comparator with oxide TFT (a‐IGZO) technology on a flexible substrate. The circuit functionality is demonstrated as a wide range duty‐cycle PWM signal generator with a triangular input signal. The regenerative latch in the comparator is implemented with diode‐load–based inverters. The proposed circuit has shown a linear variation in the duty‐cycle from 12% to 84%, when the reference voltage () is varied from 0.5 to 3.3 V, respectively, in the clocked comparator. Further, a reliable operation is observed up to an input signal frequency of 2 kHz at a supply voltage of 4 V, with a power dissipation of 20 W. This circuit would find potential applications in wearable bio‐medical and neuromorphic computational systems.
Ligand‐Driven Electron‐Deficient Cobalt Pentlandite Nanocrystals for Efficient Hydrogen Peroxide Electrosynthesis
Authors: Kim Jeong‐Hyun , Lee Jeong‐Gyu , Kim Chang Seong , Choi Min‐Jae
Published: December 2024

Cobalt pentlandite (Co9S8) is a promising non‐precious catalyst due to its superior oxygen reduction reaction activity and excellent stability. However, its oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity has traditionally been limited to the four‐electron pathway because of strong *OOH intermediate adsorption. In this study, we synthesized electron‐deficient Co9S8 nanocrystals with an increased number of Co3+ states compared to conventional Co9S8. This was achieved by incorporating a high density of surface ligands in small‐sized Co9S8 nanocrystals, which enabled the transition of the electrochemical reduction pathway from four‐electron oxygen reduction reaction to two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction by decreasing *OOH adsorption strength. As a result, the Co3+‐enriched Co9S8 nanocrystals exhibited a high onset potential of 0.64 V (vs RHE) for two‐electron oxygen reduction reaction, achieving H2O2 selectivity of 70–80% over the potential range from 0.05 to 0.6 V. Additionally, these nanocrystals demonstrated a stable H2O2 electrosynthesis at a rate of 459.12 mmol g−1 h−1 with a H2O2 Faradaic efficiency over 90% under alkaline conditions. This study provides insights into nanoscale catalyst design for modulating electrochemical reactions.
Seismic Response of Ground Penetrating Shield Tunnels Under Lateral Harmonic Excitations: Insights From Shaking Table Test
Authors: Yuan Yong , Wang Qi , Liu Tao , Yu Haitao , Anastasopoulos Ioannis
Published: December 2024

The ground penetrating shield tunnel (GPST) method offers a streamlined approach to tunnel construction in soft ground with limited open‐cut excavation. To explore the seismic response of GPST linings, a series of large‐scale shaking table tests have been conducted, including a variety of seismic excitations. This paper focuses on lateral harmonic excitation. The model tunnel spans a total length of 7.7 m, with the embedment depth ranging from −0.5 to 0.5 times its diameter. The design and fabrication of the model tunnel are presented, including the segmental lining, along with circumferential and longitudinal joints. The soil was modeled with artificial synthetic soil, aiming to simulate the static and dynamic characteristics of the prototype soil. Its composition was adjusted and verified through element tests. The experimental results provide insights into the seismic response of the soil–tunnel system, the ovaling deformation of the segmental lining, as well as the response of the joints between lining segments. The results reveal a strong influence of embedment on tunnel seismic response. The reduction of tunnel embedment leads to a significant increase in lining accelerations and a phase difference, resulting in a “whiplash” effect. In contrast, the ovaling deformation of the lining and the joint apertures decrease with the reduction of embedment. In the sections of the tunnel that are fully embedded, both the acceleration and deformation response of the lining are governed by soil–structure interaction (SSI). A pronounced whiplash effect is observed in the sections of the tunnel that are not fully embedded, due to the absence of soil confinement. The presented experimental results offer valuable insights into the seismic response of GPSTs, which can be of crucial importance for their seismic design.
Can the Short‐Form UCLA Loneliness Scale Be Used to Measure Loneliness Among Chinese Older Adults? From Classical Test Theory to Rasch Analysis
Authors: Zhong Qing , Jiang Yuxing , Conwell Yeates , Chen Shulin
Published: December 2024

Background

Loneliness among older adults, is a subjective experience and a public health issue in aging societies. Psychometrically sound and culturally sensitive measures are needed for developing precisely targeted interventions in culturally distinct groups. This study tested the Short‐Form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS‐8) among Chinese older adults.

Method

Confirmatory factor analysis, internal consistency, and the correlation with the single question of loneliness were conducted with a sample of Chinese older adults. Rasch analyses assessed the unidimensionality, response category functioning, item difficulty, and targeting of the ULS‐8 for older Chinese adults.

Results

Data from 347 Chinese older adults (mean age 71.36 ± 9.51 years) were analyzed; 74.64% of the participants were female. The ULS‐8 showed acceptable internal consistency and criterion validity in Classical Test Theory. Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis indicated that the ULS‐8 did not demonstrate a unidimensional structure. Additionally, Rasch analysis revealed (1) a misfit in item 3, indicating a problem with construct validity; (2) the need to combine response categories; and (3) that Chinese older adults are less likely to endorse a high level of loneliness when using the ULS‐8.

Conclusions

To ascertain the adequacy of the loneliness measure, it is crucial to customize a new short version of the loneliness scale for Chinese older adults through Rasch analysis.
Impact of Close Margins on Oral Cancer Outcomes According to the Oral Subsite
Authors: Sheahan Patrick , Callanan Deirdre , van den Berg Nadia , Hintze Justin , Brinkman David , Jawad Hadeel , O'Sullivan Ryan , O'Shea Ross , Dias Andrew , Feeley Linda
Published: December 2024

Background

The prognostic significance of close margins in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is controversial. We wished to investigate the impact of close margins on the risk of local recurrence (LR) in OSCC according to the oral subsite.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study of 342 OSCC patients undergoing primary surgical treatment was conducted. Surgical margins were based on the main specimen and defined as positive (SCC at margins), close (< 5 mm), or clear (≥ 5 mm).

Results

Among tongue SCC cases, both positive (hazard ratio 13.48, 95% CI 2.03, 32.91) and close margins (hazard ratio 3.87, 95% CI 1.31, 11.34) were significantly associated with LR. Tongue margins < 4 mm were associated with higher LR. Among non‐tongue SCC cases, only positive margins (hazard ratio 4.10, 95% CI 1.19, 14.21) were associated with LR. Close margins were not significant (hazard ratio 1.59, 95% CI 0.46, 5.42).

Conclusions

Close margins appear to have a differential impact on LR in OSCC according to the oral subsite.
Adult Neurogenesis in the Human Dentate Gyrus
Authors: Gage Fred H.
Published: December 2024

In the adult dentate gyrus of the hippocampus there are neuronal stem cells that give rise to immature neurons and subsequently to mature functional granule neurons. The rate of proliferation, differentiation, and survival is regulated intrinsically and extrinsically. For example, Wnt, BMP, TLX, and BDNF all regulate adult neurogenesis intrinsically, while exercise, environmental enrichment, stress, and epilepsy are some of the extrinsic factors that regulate adult neurogenesis. A clearer picture is emerging for the functional role of these newly born neurons in behavior, demonstrating that adult neurogenesis plays a role in recognizing events, places, objects, or people as unique when comparing options that are very similar, but that these newly born cells play little role in recognition when differences are greater. Most of the research on adult neurogenesis is conducted in experimental mammals, including mice and rats. The first evidence for adult neurogenesis in humans was reported in 1998, when postmortem brains from cancer patients injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) were examined and cells were found that had divided and differentiated into mature neurons. Subsequently, additional evidence using other techniques has confirmed human adult neurogenesis. Additional in vivo live reports will be needed to monitor the effects of changes in human adult neurogenesis with age and disease.
Effectiveness of expressive writing therapy for postpartum women with psychological distress: Meta‐analysis and narrative review
Authors: Lim Xueying , Ang Mei Qi , Foo Audrey , Chng Kimberly Kai Yi , Koh Serena Siew Lin
Published: December 2024

Background

The increasing prevalence of psychological distress among mothers is outpacing the effectiveness of conventional coping methods like cognitive behavioral therapy. The efficacy of alternatives such as writing therapy for maternal psychological well‐being remains uncertain due to a lack of extensive research and inconsistent findings.

Objective

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of expressive writing therapy in comparison to standard postpartum care for alleviating psychological distress, encompassing symptoms of depression, anxiety, or stress, in postpartum women.

Search Strategy

For this purpose, seven bibliographic databases, including CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, and gray literature were examined up to December 27, 2022 for randomized controlled trials, comparing expressive writing against standard care or controlled writing among postpartum women with psychological distress.

Data Collection and Analysis

Data was collected using a random effect model for meta‐analysis.

Results

A meta‐analysis of five studies with 483 participants found that expressive writing therapy was more effective than standard care or controlled writing in reducing postpartum depression and stress among women with psychological distress. Expressive writing resulted in a significant reduction in initial depression with standard mean difference (SMD) = −0.65%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.08 to −0.22, Z = 2.96, P = 0.003, in comparison to controlled writing as an intervention. Regarding expressive writing versus standard care, a narrative review was conducted due to an I2 above 75%. The results showed significant improvements compared to the baseline at the seventh day and third month post‐intervention. In terms of stress scores, there was a significant difference favoring expressive writing over standard care at the first month (SMD = −0.80%, 95% CI = −1.35 to −0.24, Z = 2.81, P = 0.005) and third month (SMD = −0.53%, 95% CI = −0.86 to −0.20, Z = 3.13, P = 0.002) post‐intervention. Stress scores are also greatly reduced for expressive writing versus controlled writing with SMD = −0.79%, 95% CI = −1.03 to −0.55, Z = 6.48, P < 0.00001. However, the effectiveness of expressive writing on postpartum anxiety should be interpreted cautiously due to low certainty.

Conclusion

Expressive writing serves as an effective alternative for non‐pharmacological intervention for postpartum women with depression and stress, but more research is needed for postpartum anxiety. As substantial heterogeneity was detected, results must be interpreted cautiously. Postpartum women with psychological distress are encouraged to use expressive writing as an affordable way to promote maternal mental health for the benefit of both the mother and the child.
Multisensor‐Driven Lightweight Networks for Intelligent Sports Training System: Design and Research
Authors: Xing Jibao
Published: December 2024

Edge computing and multisensor integration have revolutionized sports training technologies, yet many existing systems remain computationally intensive and complex for everyday use. This study introduces an efficient and user‐friendly intelligent sports training system that leverages edge‐based multisensor data processing with lightweight neural networks. The system utilizes low‐latency activity and real‐time pose estimation data, powered by a modified MobileNetV2 model, to generate personalized training plans through reinforcement learning. Tests show that the system matches the accuracy of more complex models while significantly reducing computational needs. Compression techniques further enhance efficiency with minimal accuracy loss. User studies revealed notable improvements in fitness levels and adherence compared to traditional methods. The system adapts to real‐time user performance, offering feedback and dynamically adjusting plans, with low energy consumption across mobile devices. This research shows that our developed system, which integrates multisensors and artificial intelligence, can make personalized sports training more accessible.
Blockade of Voltage‐Gated K+ Channels in Rabbit Coronary Arterial Smooth Muscle Cells by the Antipsychotic Drug Zotepine
Authors: Zhuang Wenwen , Park Minju , Jeong Junsu , Kim Hye Ryung , Jang YeEun , Park Hongzoo , Na Sunghun , Li Hongliang , Park Won Sun
Published: December 2024

Zotepine is a second‐generation antipsychotic that demonstrates significant efficacy in antagonizing D2 and 5‐HT2A receptors. Although clinical investigations have shown that administering zotepine is associated with an increased prevalence of hyperglycemia and a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease, the side effects of zotepine on voltage‐gated K+ (Kv) channels have not been established. Zotepine suppressed the vascular Kv channels in rabbit coronary arterial smooth muscle cells in a concentration‐dependent manner, with an IC50 of 5.3 ± 0.4 μM and a Hill coefficient of 1.6 ± 0.2. The decay rate of inactivation was significantly accelerated by zotepine. Applying zotepine (10 μM) shifted the steady‐state inactivation curve in a negative direction. Applying train pulses at 1 and 2 Hz resulted in a progressive increase in blockage of the Kv currents by zotepine. Furthermore, zotepine prolonged the recovery time from inactivation. Although pretreatment with the Kv2.1 subtype inhibitor stromatoxin‐1 and the Kv7 subtype inhibitor linopirdine did not change the degree of zotepine‐induced inhibition of Kv currents, pretreatment with the Kv1.5 channel inhibitor DPO‐1 decreased the inhibitory effects of zotepine on Kv currents. Zotepine also induced membrane depolarization. These results indicate that zotepine inhibits Kv currents (mainly Kv1.5 subtype) in dose‐, time‐, and use (state)‐dependent manners by changing the steady‐state inactivation curve.
Do Investors Perceive Improvements in Fair Value Accounting for Investment Assets After PCAOB Inspections?
Authors: Dee Carol Callaway , Gunny Katherine , Strawser William R.
Published: December 2024

We examine whether fair value (FV) deficiencies highlighted in Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) inspection reports improve perceptions of the reporting quality of FV investment assets. Qualitative studies illustrate that subjective and complex estimates pose unique challenges to audit improvement. Using a market‐based measure of financial reporting quality (i.e., implied asset‐specific betas), we find a positive association between the intensity of FV‐deficient reports and perceived reporting quality of level 2 (but not level 3) FV investment assets and show that the association is stronger when audit office FV expertise is high. Consistent with improvements in disclosures, after a FV‐deficient report, we find FV footnotes become relatively more readable and include less cautionary language as level 2 holdings increase. Overall, our evidence suggests investors value PCAOB inspections regarding level 2 FV assets.
Toward a transdisciplinary and unifying definition of legacy phosphorus
Authors: Shober Amy L. , Simpson Zachary P. , Jarvie Helen P. , Macrae Merrin L. , Kleinman Peter J. A. , Haygarth Philip M. , Kulesza Stephanie , Gatiboni Luke , Davies Jenny
Published: December 2024

Legacy phosphorus (P) is a concept advanced by Dr. Andrew Sharpley and colleagues that was originally applied to the persistence of anthropogenic signatures in watersheds, and it has since been adopted in a diversity of settings to help guide the science and management of P. Following Sharpley's example to develop consensus‐based science, we considered contrasting perspectives on legacy P and defined legacy P as those stores within the environment that arise from historic human activity excluding “natural” or “background” geogenic sources. Legacy P is not restricted to one system or setting; it may reside in soils, sediments, biota, and water bodies. Legacy P has been estimated by fluxes (inputs minus outputs of P to a system) or, equivalently, by mass stocks (total minus geogenic). Because the origin of P in the environment cannot currently be directly quantified, we recommend that researchers report “total P” to track wider watershed P stocks and fluxes of P that include legacy P. We recognize that the definition of legacy P will continue to evolve as we continue to work toward consensus. Ultimately, the final definition of legacy P has consequences for the implementation and success of regulatory and voluntary strategies for legacy P management in agricultural systems. We support continued progress toward a consensus‐backed, research‐grounded definition for legacy P that is widely applicable yet useful for guiding management and policy.
Boris Parygin' Social Psychology: History and Perspectives
Authors: Zhuravlev A. L. , Mironenko I. A. , Sorokin P. S.
Published: December 2024

International literature on the history of Russian psychology is largely limited to the development of Activity theory and cultural‐historical theory. This paper aims to go beyond these limits by introducing a figure little known to an international audience, Boris Parygin, who emerged in the 1960s with his “grand” project for the development of Russian social psychology, significantly different from the Soviet psychology “mainstream,” stemming from Vygotsky, Luria, and Alexei Nikolaevich Leontiev. We demonstrate that Parygin's works belong to a theoretical and methodological tradition of social and humanitarian scholarship that had been developing in Russia since 1870s. This was a broad and inter‐disciplinary stream of theoretical and methodological developments, including authors like Berdyaev, Mikhailovsky, and so on, that embraced various disciplines (primarily, psychology, sociology, and philosophy). Despite the fact that Parygin's project did not receive substantial support from the soviet academic community, his ideas concerning personality and emphasis on the importance of individual choice and self‐determined activity mediating the impact of social surroundings, have become relevant in the context of current discussions in the international science about individual agency, including debates concerning the transformative potential of the individual upon the social structure under conditions of “morphogenetic society” (M. Archer) or “neo‐structuration” (P. Sorokin).
Enhanced Carbon Sequestration and Microbial Activities Under Apple‐Based Agroforestry Systems in Kullu Valley of Himachal Pradesh
Authors: Acharya Manvi , Sharma Kamal , Sharma Dushyant Kumar , Dhiman Anil Kumar , Sharma Vivek , Salwan Richa
Published: December 2024

Background

Integrating fruit trees is among the promising agroforestry technologies. Intercropping of fruit trees with remunerative crops, particularly vegetables, could generate higher income for farmers.

Aim

The present study involves the assessment of apple‐based agroforestry systems integrated with various agricultural crops such as black gram, capsicum, tomato, and brinjal and evaluated the effect of integrated farming on soil properties, microbial biomass, and enzyme activities.

Methods

The experiment was conducted in Randomized Block Design by considering sole apple, sole tomato, sole brinjal, sole capsicum, sole black gram, apple + tomato, apple + brinjal, apple + capsicum, and apple + black gram as treatments.

Results

The study revealed the performance of the agroforestry system where apple and tomato in combination perform better than others and sole cropping. The competition for moisture, nutrients, and other limiting resources in agroforestry system where apple trees are grown in combination with brinjal, capsicum, and black gram resulted in poor plant's growth and yield. This combination of crops also significantly affected the organic carbon, porosity, bulk, and particle densities. The available N, P, and K contents decreased with the increased soil depth. It was observed that microbial biomass in terms of carbon (Cmic), nitrogen (Nmic), and phosphorus (Pmic) was higher where tomato was grown in apple‐based agroforestry systems than in sole cropping. Higher enzymatic activities for acid and alkaline phosphatase, catalase, and dehydrogenase were recorded in agroforestry system where tomatoes were grown in the presence of apple trees.

Conclusions

The results reported that a combination of apple and tomato is the most successful system as tomato crop performs better under the apple tree canopy, possibly due to the favorable microenvironment and tree‐crop compatibility.
Comparison of colonoscopic versus fluoroscopic colonic manometry catheter placement in children
Authors: Leone Anna E. , van der Zande Julia M. J. , Srinivas Shruthi , Knaus Maria , Wood Richard J. , Hogan Mark J. , Benninga Marc A. , Sanchez Raul E. , Puri Neetu Bali , Vaz Karla , Yacob Desale , Di Lorenzo Carlo , Lu Peter L.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Colonic manometry catheter placement can be performed by colonoscopy or fluoroscopy. Our objective was to compare outcomes of colonoscopic to fluoroscopic catheter placement in children based on the extent of colon study and the likelihood of catheter displacement.

Methods

Colonic manometry studies performed between May 2015 and May 2022 were reviewed. All studies with catheter placement per rectum were included. Data on patient demographics, medical and surgical history, and information on catheter placement (type of catheter, placement technique, position, and displacement) were recorded.

Results

We reviewed 555 studies and included 482 studies performed on 453 children (51% female, median age 10 years, interquartile range: 7–14 years). The catheter was placed during colonoscopy in 274 studies and using fluoroscopy in 208 studies. Children with colonoscopic placement were significantly older (median age 11 vs. 8 years, p < 0.001), more commonly male (55% vs. 41%, p = 0.003), and more commonly had functional constipation (85% vs. 69%, p < 0.001). Children with fluoroscopic placement more often had pediatric intestinal pseudo‐obstruction (10% vs. 1%, p < 0.001), a diverting ostomy (21% vs. 7%, p < 0.001), and a cecostomy (10% vs. 4%, p = 0.023). A successful catheter placement (reaching ascending colon) was significantly more common using colonoscopy (49% vs. 23%, p < 0.001). There were no differences in frequency or extent of catheter displacement between colonoscopic and fluoroscopic placement.

Conclusions

Colonoscopic placement was superior to fluoroscopic placement in terms of the extent of the colon studied with no differences in frequency of catheter displacement. Colonoscopic placement should be the preferred method in most children with refractory constipation.
A Canadian multicenter pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis cohort: Evidence for a nondilation approach to esophageal narrowing
Authors: Burnett David , Avinashi Vishal , Hoang Thomas , Otley Anthony , Persad Rabin , Sherlock Mary , Huynh Hien Q.
Published: December 2024

Objectives

Improving characterization of the narrowing phenotype in pediatric eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE).

Methods

New pediatric EoE diagnoses from 2015 to 2018 were retrospectively identified in Vancouver (BC), Northern Alberta (AB), Hamilton (ON), and Nova Scotia (NS). Incidence rates were calculated using 2016 Federal census data. Clinical, endoscopic, and histologic data were gathered from diagnosis until the end of the follow‐up period (fall 2019).

Results

The incidence of EoE in patients less than 15 years old was 5.4 per 100,000 person‐years. Of the 332 new diagnoses, 40 (12.0%) had endoscopically identified esophageal narrowing at diagnosis or during the follow‐up period, with a subset of 11 (27.5% of narrowed cohort) patients undergoing mechanical esophageal dilation. The median age at diagnosis and median duration of symptoms were higher in the cohort with narrowing than those without. Patient‐reported food bolus impaction and dysphagia were associated with esophageal narrowing. Trachealization was the endoscopic finding most commonly associated with esophageal narrowing. Of the 65 esophagogastroduodenoscopies performed in the follow‐up of a known esophageal narrowing, 4 of the 31 (13%) had resolution of this finding post mechanical dilation, and 19 of the 39 (49%) had resolution of the narrowing after initiation of new medical or dietary treatments (without dilation).

Conclusions

EoE is common in Canadian children, with esophageal narrowing being present within a few years of diagnosis in 12% of cases. Interestingly, a large portion of narrowing resolved without mechanical dilation.
Exploring optimal soil conditions for high‐functional Oenanthe javanica (water dropwort) production
Authors: Kim Seulgi , Song Yo‐Sung , Jang Hwan‐Hee , Lee Yejin , Hwang In‐Guk
Published: December 2024

BACKGROUND

Oenanthe javanica (Blume) DC., also known as water dropwort, is an aquatic plant species native to various regions across Asia. Despite its numerous health‐promoting effects, research on improving its quality remains limited. The present study aimed to identify the optimal soil conditions required for high‐quality water dropwort production.

RESULTS

Fifty crop and soil samples from South Korean farms were analyzed for their functional content, soil chemical properties and plant tissue components. The results indicated that crop samples with lower functional components had higher soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and exchangeable cations than those with higher functional components. High‐quality crop samples exhibited neutral soil pH and low EC values, suggesting better nutrient availability for crop growth and reduced salt stress as a result of mineral accumulation in soil.

CONCLUSION

These findings suggest that soils affected by excessive salinity may create suboptimal soil conditions for water dropwort cultivation, potentially compromising crop quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Red fox home ranges, activity patterns, and resource selection on an Atlantic barrier island
Authors: Black Kathleen M. , Karpanty Sarah M. , Ritter Shannon J. , Catlin Daniel H. , Fraser James D.
Published: December 2024

Relatively little is known about red fox (Vulpes vulpes) spatial ecology on barrier islands, where semi‐linear habitat distribution and aquatic barriers may affect terrestrial movements. Because red foxes often are a predator of imperiled shorebirds in these ecosystems, and predation is often managed along with other factors such as habitat limitation, this information is needed to inform effective holistic management. The goals of this study were to describe red fox spatial ecology in a barrier island ecosystem and compare these findings to the existing literature on red fox space use in other coastal settings. We used global positioning system (GPS) collar data collected from 2015–2018 from 31 red foxes to estimate sizes of home ranges and core‐use areas, describe daily activity patterns, and investigate within‐home‐range resource selection among red foxes on Fire Island, New York, USA. Twenty‐two of 31 red foxes maintained distinct home ranges throughout the monitoring period, while 9 were transient, regularly traveling through the home ranges of other red foxes and among management units across the island. Observed GPS‐collared red fox home range sizes (95% time local convex hull [t‐LoCoH] isopleths) ranged from 10 ha to 659 ha, averaging 59 ± 7 ha (SE) among resident foxes and 447 ± 46 ha among transient foxes. Core‐use areas (50% t‐LoCoH isopleths) ranged from <1 ha to 268 ha, averaging 10 ± 1 ha among resident foxes and 67 ± 27 ha among transient foxes. Hourly minimum movement rates varied across the diel cycle and among individuals, averaging 216 m/hour ± 9 m/hour, and were highest 13–22 hours after sunrise. Within‐home‐range resource selection varied among activity periods. For example, red foxes selected areas closer than expected to vegetation based on availability during the daytime and twilight hours but farther than expected from vegetation at night. We recommend vegetation management in and around shorebird nesting areas to reduce daytime resting sites and hunting cover for red foxes while improving suitability for use by nesting shorebirds. We also suggest coordination of predator management activities across agencies in this situation and in others where predators regularly cross management unit boundaries. Overall, we found that many aspects of red fox space use in the study area, such as smaller average home ranges compared to those in other ecosystems, were similar to that of red foxes in other coastal settings; additional research is needed to determine whether this holds true in other barrier island systems.
Perovskite Video Camera
Authors: Cen Guobiao , Li Wanjun , Huang Xinyue , Chen Jiayu , Zhao Chuanxi , Li Jinliang , Liu Yujin , Ji Zhong , Mai Wenjie
Published: December 2024

Perovskite photodetectors (PDs) provide opportunities for high‐performance imaging owing to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, perovskite PD‐based video rate imaging has rarely been reported due to the well‐known slow response and complex array fabrication of perovskite sensors. In this work, a perovskite video camera (PVC) based on a fast perovskite PD combined with computational imaging algorithm is fabricated. The PD has a p‐i‐n structure of FTO/PTAA/MAPbI3/PC61BM/BCP/Au. Owing to combined effects of build‐in electric field, passivation of interface layer, and short carrier transport distance, the proposed PD demonstrates fast response speed of 0.275/0.39 µs (rise/fall). With the help of the computational imaging algorithm, complex array fabrication is bypassed, and successfully demonstrates video rate imaging of a fast‐moving ball with 25 frame s−1 using this single PD. Therefore, this study can call this PVC and believes that the camera provides a new application scenario for perovskite and other emerging optoelectronic materials.
Development and launch of a regional learning network to improve physical and mental health outcomes
Authors: Unaka Ndidi , Steller Jeff , Eaton Sarah , Seger Brandy , McClure Jessica M. , Mansour Mona , Rich Kate , Beck Andrew F. , Burkhardt Mary Carol , Lacasse Nicole , Robinson Crystal , Anderson Jeff
Published: December 2024

Background

Care gaps in routine and preventive care are common among youth. To close care gaps, health systems should take a population health approach and create opportunities for partnership, collaboration, shared learning, and scale via learning networks (LNs).

Methods

We describe the Pediatric Improvement Network for Quality (PINQ), a regional population health LN with the aim of closing well‐child and mental and behavioral health (MBH) care gaps. We initially launched PINQ with 2 primary care domains: well‐child care (WCC) and MBH and later added the third domain of PINQ focused on community MBH organizations. We defined measures for the primary care WCC (well‐child visits for infants 0–15 months; lead screening by 2 years of age, childhood immunization status 3 completion) and MBH domains (depression screening in youth 12–17 years, 30‐day follow‐up for positive depression screen, mental health emergency department utilization) and established system‐level key drivers.

Results

PINQ launched in September 2022 with 7 teams (5 in primary care WCC and 2 in primary care MBH domains, respectively). All teams participate in a monthly meeting that alternates between the Action Period call and Solutions Labs. We highlight two case studies that illustrate the impact of shared learning and quality improvement support on Improvement Team efforts.

Conclusion

We foresee PINQ as a means of moving the needle toward high quality, comprehensive health care for Greater Cincinnati youth. The next steps include growing PINQ by adding Improvement Teams and expanding the network focus to include other primary care‐centric metrics and conditions.
A review on inverse analysis models in steel material design
Authors: Adachi Yoshitaka , Chen Ta‐Te , Sun Fei , Maruyama Daichi , Sawai Kengo , Fukatsu Yoshihito , Wang Zhi‐Lei
Published: December 2024

This paper reviews various inverse analysis models used in steel material design, with a focus on integrating process, microstructure, and properties through advanced machine learning techniques. The study underscores the importance of establishing comprehensive models that effectively link these elements for enhanced materials engineering. Key models discussed include the convolutional neural network–artificial neural network‐coupled model, which employs convolutional neural networks for feature extraction; the Bayesian‐optimized generative adversarial network–conditional generative adversarial network model, which generates diverse virtual microstructures; the multi‐objective optimization model, which concentrates on process–property relationships; and the microstructure–process parallelization model, which correlates microstructural features with process conditions. Each model is assessed for its strengths and limitations, influencing its practical applicability in material design. The paper concludes by advocating for continued improvements in model accuracy and versatility, with the ultimate goal of enhancing steel properties and expanding the scope of data‐driven material development.
Groundbreaking NIMH initiative seeks accessible predictive tools
Authors: Enos Gary
Published: December 2024

Precision medicine is revolutionizing some health care disciplines but has had comparatively little impact in mental health. An ambitious research initiative funded by the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) will explore whether innovations in the collection of patient data can improve the understanding of mental health disorders, leading to more accurate prediction of whether a patient will respond to a specific treatment.
Examining the consequences of angling tournament culling practices on Largemouth Bass
Authors: Kamara Shasta R. , Hay Allison A. , Oller Reagan E. , Suski Cory D.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Largemouth Bass Micropterus nigricans are targeted in competitive angling tournaments. Cull tags are a common tournament practice intended to assist anglers in quickly identifying fish by size for “high grading.” Currently, the impacts of cull tags on fish held in typical tournament conditions have not been evaluated thoroughly. This study aimed to quantify the extent and magnitude of injury, reflex impairment, and mortality for Largemouth Bass due to cull tags commonly used in live-release angling tournaments.

Methods

Largemouth Bass were collected via electrofishing, assessed for preexisting injuries, and then outfitted with one of several commercially available cull tags before being placed in a live-well simulation for 6 h. After live-well holding, fish were assessed for reflex action mortality predictors and injury and were then placed in a net-pen for 3 days to assess latent mortality. Reflex impairment was assessed again prior to release.

Result

Tag site injury scores increased after live-well confinement, with stringer-style tags having the highest increase in injury score. Reflexes remained unimpaired after live-well holding and after 3 days of net-pen confinement. No mortalities were observed 3 days after the tournament simulation, indicating that reflexes and mortality are unimpaired by cull tags.

Conclusion

Although our sample sizes were limited (≤10 fish per treatment), stringer-style cull tags appear to cause increased injury rates after simulated tournament live-well holding. Taking a precautionary approach with stringer-style cull tags may help reduce injuries in Largemouth Bass during tournament holding.
Microhabitat conditions and habitat configuration influence juvenile salmonid use of off-channel features in the Cedar River, Washington
Authors: David Aaron T. , Stiling Rebekah R.
Published: December 2024

Objective

Off-channel habitats are crucial for freshwater rearing of juvenile Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., but many of these river floodplain habitats have been lost to human development. While there is a clear need to restore and reconnect off-channel habitats to help recover imperiled salmonid populations, uncertainty exists regarding which characteristics to prioritize when constructing off-channel habitats to maximize the salmonid rearing capacity of these features. To address this uncertainty, we quantified the relative influence of microhabitat conditions and habitat configuration on juvenile salmonid densities within off-channel features of the Cedar River (Washington State).

Methods

We measured microhabitat conditions (water velocity, water depth, cover, and large wood density), habitat configuration (habitat type, distance from the main-stem river, and feature width), and salmonid densities at randomly selected sample units within side channels and backwaters.

Result

Water velocity and depth were strongly associated with subyearling Chinook Salmon O. tshawytscha, subyearling Coho Salmon O. kisutch, and yearling Coho Salmon densities, although the relationships varied among the species–age cohorts and some relationships changed during the spring sampling season. Cover and wood density were also associated with salmonid densities, but the relationships were weaker than for velocity and depth. Habitat configuration was associated with salmonid densities as well, although the relationships varied among the species–age cohorts and between habitat types. For example, within backwaters, subyearling Chinook Salmon densities were highest close to the main-stem river but yearling Coho Salmon densities were highest far from the main stem. Additionally, subyearling Chinook Salmon and Coho Salmon densities were highest within intermediate-width side channels, while yearling Coho Salmon densities exhibited a more complex response to side channel width.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that both microhabitat conditions and spatial configuration influence juvenile salmonid densities within off-channel habitats. These results also suggest that restoration practitioners should carefully weigh trade-offs among design alternatives because different habitat configurations will differentially benefit certain species or life stages.
Hybrid Silica‐Coated Nanomaterials: Pioneering Breakthroughs in Biomedical Technology
Authors: Liao Wei , Elkalla Eslam , Khizar Sumera , Dossary Amal A. A. , Zine Nadia , Errachid Abdelhamid , Elaissari Abdelhamid
Published: December 2024

The field of biomedicine has extensively studied silica‐coated organic/inorganic nanoparticles due to their remarkable properties, such as biocompatibility, chemical stability, ease of functionalization, and thermal stability. Silica has been utilized to coat or encapsulate organic/inorganic nanoparticles, providing protection against aggregation and acid leaching while improving cytocompatibility. This review provides an overview of the manufacturing methods for silica nanoparticles, with a specific focus on surface strategies for core template nanomaterials (both hard and soft templates). These strategies involve the use of chemicals or biomolecules to guide nucleation and growth of silica at the interface of two phases. Furthermore, recent advancements in silica‐coated nanoparticles are discussed, emphasizing their applications in various areas such as bioimaging, drug delivery, biosensors, phototherapy, and hyperthermia.
CRISPR–Cas9 screening identifies the role of FER as a tumor suppressor
Authors: Wang Jiaqi , Yang Ran , Wang Fengsheng , Zhang Junlei , Dong Yutong , Wang Jiangjun , Yu Meng , Xu Yixiao , Liu Lianlian , Cheng Yuda , Zhang Chen , Yang Yi , Yang Wubin , Wang Jiali , Chen Guangxing , Huang Yi , Tian Yanping , Jian Rui , Ni Bing , Wu Wei , Ruan Yan
Published: December 2024

It is important to systematically identify tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) to improve our understanding of tumorigenesis and develop strategies for early diagnosis and mitigating disease progression. In the present study, we used an in vivo genome‐wide clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)–CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9) screen and identified FPS/FES‐related (FER) as a TSG. Single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) revealed that normal cells with low FER expression exhibited elevated malignant transformation potential and stemness properties. FER knockout promoted the tumorigenic transformation, characterized by high colony‐forming efficiency and suspension growth ability, acquired tumorigenicity in vivo, increased metabolic activity, dedifferentiation properties, and immune evasion. Moreover, analysis revealed that low FER expression tumors share molecular phenotypes with FER knockout cells, suggesting the consistent role of FER in tumor initiation and progression. Taken together, our findings not only provide insights into the essential role of FER as a tumor suppressor in tumor initiation and progression but also highlight its potential as a target for future clinical diagnosis. © 2024 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Factors Influencing School‐Based Mental Health Program Selection: Insights From Educational Stakeholders
Authors: Day Elizabeth , Steinka‐Fry Katarzyna , Shimmel Lisa , Grant Sean , Tanner‐Smith Emily E.
Published: December 2024

School mental health programs are an important component of the national response to the current student mental health crisis. However, evidence‐based programs often face numerous barriers to their selection, scale‐up, and sustainability in real‐world settings. In this study, we interviewed 15 educational stakeholders to examine what influences their selection of school‐based mental health programs. Interviews focused on factors influencing the selection and sustainability of mental health programs in schools. We coded transcribed interview data using a hybrid, iterative process, and generated themes from these codes. We identified five categories of themes related to key decision‐making criteria: program fit with student and school needs, evidence of program effectiveness, stakeholder buy‐in, logistical considerations for staff delivering programs, and cost and resource requirements. Findings have implications for researchers who wish to improve dissemination strategies for school‐based mental health prevention programs and for policymakers who wish to shape funding priorities to support greater diversity in program availability. Findings are also useful to practitioners who may use these insights to reflect on their own program selection practices or may see their own experiences reflected and normalized through the lens of the key themes presented here.
Evaluating Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability, Cytotoxicity, and Activity of Potential Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors: In Vitro and In Silico Study
Authors: Maboko L. M. , Theron A. , Panayides J.‐L. , Cordier W. , Fisher D. , Steenkamp V.
Published: December 2024

Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEIs) remain the first‐line treatment for Alzheimer's disease. However, these drugs are largely symptomatic and often associated with adverse effects. This study aimed to evaluate novel pharmacophores for their in vitro AChEI activity, blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability, and cytotoxic potential, hypothesizing that a combination of AChEIs could enhance symptom management while minimizing toxicity. A library of 1453 synthetic pharmacophores was assessed using in vitro and in silico methods to determine their feasibility as an inhibitor of the AChE enzyme. An in‐house miniaturized Ellman's assay determined acellular AChEI activities, while pharmacokinetic properties were evaluated using the SwissADME web tool. The combinational effects of in silico BBB‐permeable pharmacophores and donepezil were examined using a checkerboard AChEI assay. Cytotoxicity of active compounds and their synergistic combinations was assessed in SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma and bEnd.5 cells using the sulforhodamine B assay. Cellular AChEI activity of active in silico BBB‐permeable predicted compounds was determined using an SH‐SY5Y AChE‐based assay. An in vitro BBB model was used to assess the effect of compounds on the integrity of the bEnd.5 monolayer. Out of the screened compounds, 12 demonstrated 60% AChEI activity at 5 μM, with compound A51 showing the lowest IC50 (0.20 μM). Five compounds were identified as BBB‐permeable, with the donepezil‐C53 combination at ¼IC50 exhibiting the strongest synergy (CI = 0.82). Compounds A136 and C129, either alone or with donepezil, showed cytotoxicity. Notably, compound C53, both alone and in combination with donepezil, demonstrated high AChEI activity and promising BBB permeability, warranting further investigation.