bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persuasion Strategies Used by Medical Experts vs. Political Figures: A Study of Coronavirus-Related Media Discourse
Authors: Mohtasham Mohammad , Mahdavirad Fatemeh , Jabbari Ali Akbar , Mazdayasna Golnar
Published: February 2025

Concentrating on different types of persuasion strategies used by medical experts and political figures, the present study aims to examine persuasion strategies in medical vs. political discourse. Four corpora of speeches and interviews of four different groups of politicians and health professionals related to COVID-19 were selected. Two corpora belonged to Iranian figures, and two corpora represented Western figures. Then, using a framework which encompasses textual and interpersonal markers, the persuasive properties of the four corpora were investigated. The results indicated that logical markers emerge as the most frequent elements in textual subcategories of the persuasive metadiscourse observed in all four corpora. Moreover, in the case of the interpersonal subcategories, it was found that although hedges have a key role in the persuasive qualities of the texts, certainty markers appear to be largely absent within this corpus, which could suggest that the speakers are reluctant to take a stance while discussing a divisive and new issue such as COVID-19. The results provide insights into how the public’s understanding of the situation can be shaped and shifted in times of crisis, using persuasive devices by public figures.
Monitoring Daily Activities in Households by Means of Energy Consumption Measurements from Smart Meters
Authors: Hernández Álvaro , Nieto Rubén , de Diego-Otón Laura , Villadangos-Carrizo José M. , Pizarro Daniel , Fuentes David , Pérez-Rubio María C.
Published: February 2025

Non-Intrusive Load Monitoring (NILM) includes a set of methods orientated to disaggregating the power consumption of a household per appliance. It is commonly based on a single metering point, typically a smart meter at the entry of the electrical grid of the building, where signals of interest, such as voltage or current, can be measured and analyzed in order to disaggregate and identify which appliance is turned on/off at any time. Although this information is key for further applications linked to energy efficiency and management, it may also be applied to social and health contexts. Since the activation of the appliances in a household is related to certain daily activities carried out by the corresponding tenants, NILM techniques are also interesting in the design of remote monitoring systems that can enhance the development of novel feasible healthcare models. Therefore, these techniques may foster the independent living of elderly and/or cognitively impaired people in their own homes, while relatives and caregivers may have access to additional information about a person’s routines. In this context, this work describes an intelligent solution based on deep neural networks, which is able to identify the daily activities carried out in a household, starting from the disaggregated consumption per appliance provided by a commercial smart meter. With the daily activities identified, the usage patterns of the appliances and the corresponding behaviour can be monitored in the long term after a training period. In this way, every new day may be assessed statistically, thus providing a score about how similar this day is to the routines learned during the training interval. The proposal has been experimentally validated by means of two commercially available smart monitors installed in real houses where tenants followed their daily routines, as well as by using the well-known database UK-DALE.
Biomarkers in Atopic Dermatitis in Children: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Indolfi Cristiana , Grella Carolina , Klain Angela , Dinardo Giulio , Colosimo Simone , Piatto Dario , Nespoli Claudia , Perrotta Alessandra , Miraglia del Giudice Michele
Published: February 2025

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder with significant implications for patient quality of life and a well-documented association with the atopic march. Recent advancements in biomarker research have unveiled critical insights into AD pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. This comprehensive review evaluates the utility of emerging biomarkers, including cytokines, chemokines, genetic markers, and microbiome-related components, in understanding the disease mechanisms and stratifying patient care. The role of minimally invasive diagnostic techniques, such as tape stripping and RNA monitoring, is highlighted, offering innovative approaches to pediatric populations. Furthermore, this review explores the biomarkers that predict disease progression, therapeutic response, and comorbidities, including food allergies and asthma. Personalized treatment strategies based on endotype-specific biomarkers are discussed as a future direction for improving clinical outcomes. Despite promising findings, the integration of biomarkers into routine practice necessitates further validation through large-scale studies. This work underscores the transformative potential of biomarker-driven approaches in enhancing the management of AD in children and its associated conditions.
Investigation of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Silk Fibroin (SF) Using the Z-Scan Method
Authors: Yankov Georgi , Atanassova Victoria , Karatodorov Stefan , Stefanov Radostin , Shumanov Krum , Iordanova Ekaterina , Daskalova Albena , Angelova Liliya , Filipov Emil
Published: February 2025

Silk fibroin (SF), the primary protein in silkworm silk, has emerged as a promising organic nonlinear optical material due to its unique combination of optical transparency, biocompatibility, and environmental sustainability. In this study, we investigate the nonlinear optical properties of SF thin films using the z-scan technique with femtosecond laser pulses (35 fs, 800 nm, 1 kHz). Our results reveal a strong self-defocusing effect (negative nonlinear refractive index) and significant multiphoton absorption, demonstrating SF’s tunable nonlinear response. Additionally, optical transmittance measurements confirm SF’s partial transparency in the deep UV region, enhancing its potential for second-harmonic generation (SHG) and efficient light frequency conversion. These findings address a key knowledge gap in nonlinear optics, positioning SF as a versatile biopolymer for advanced photonic applications.
The Influence of Li on the Fracture Characteristics and Mechanical Properties of Extruded Beryllium–Aluminum Composites
Authors: Li Wentong , Xia Yixiao , Sun Yutong , Hu Juanrui , Hao Leilei , Liu Yun , Ju Boyu , Chen Guoqin , Yang Wenshu
Published: February 2025

Alloying is an important method to improve the mechanical properties of beryllium–aluminum composites. In this study, two kinds of beryllium–aluminum composites with and without Li were prepared by pressure impregnation method and extrusion, and the effects of Li on the microstructure and mechanical properties of beryllium–aluminum alloy were investigated by XRD, SEM and tensile test. The results show the addition of Li enhances the absorption of oxygen and nitrogen in the alloy; however, there is no significant change in the material’s density, which remains at 2.07 g/cm3. Despite an exacerbation of debonding phenomena at the fracture surface of Li-containing beryllium–aluminum alloys and a decrease in ductile dimples density, the yield strength increased from 266.2 MPa to 317.1 MPa, the tensile strength increased from 348.6 MPa to 411.4 MPa, and the elongation only decreased slightly from 2.9% to 2.5%. These experimental results support the design and preparation of high-performance beryllium–aluminum composites.
Exploring the Structure–Activity Relationship of Bentonites for Enhanced Refinement of Recycled Vegetable Oil
Authors: Mannu Alberto , Castia Simona , Petretto Giacomo Luigi , Garroni Sebastiano , Castiglione Franca , Mele Andrea
Published: February 2025

The use of bentonite for recycling vegetable oils presents challenges, as even minor variations in the clay composition and structure can lead to significant differences in its ability to retain various chemical groups. This study investigates the structure–activity relationship of four bentonites—two hydrophilic and two hydrophobic (both in commercial and ground forms)—to better understand these effects. Solid-state NMR spectroscopy revealed subtle differences between hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials, as well as distinctions between ground and unground hydrophilic clays, through 29Si and 27Al experiments. These structural variations directly influenced the bentonites’ capacity to retain specific chemical groups, which in turn affected the pour point and volatile profile of the processed oils. A simplex lattice design of experiments, combined with multivariate analysis, facilitated the development of a predictive model to optimize process efficiency. Remarkably, this model achieved an improvement in pour point of up to 14.5 °C (from −2 °C to −16.5 °C) for oils treated with hydrophilic unground bentonite. This research underscores the critical role of bentonite morphology in enhancing the efficiency of vegetable oil recycling.
Preparation and Characterization of Graphene-Nanosheet-Reinforced Ni-17Mo Alloy Composites for Advanced Nuclear Reactor Applications
Authors: Ge Xiaoxin , Jiang Yanxin , Yu Xu , Zhang Guopeng , Shi Yunjia , Cai Bin , Peng Qing , Huang Hai
Published: February 2025

Molten salt reactors (MSRs) offer advantages such as enhanced safety, reduced nuclear waste, and cost effectiveness. However, the corrosive nature of fluoride-based molten salts challenges the longevity of structural materials. Ni-based alloys, like Hastelloy N, have shown resistance to fluoride salt corrosion but suffer from issues like helium embrittlement caused by neutron irradiation. To address these concerns, the incorporation of graphene (Gr) into Ni-based alloys is being explored. Gr’s superior mechanical properties and irradiation tolerance make it a promising reinforcement material. In this study, a Ni-17Mo alloy, a simplified model of Hastelloy N, was combined with reduced graphene oxide (RGO) using powder metallurgy. The effects of milling time and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties were systematically studied. The results indicated that optimal sintering at 1100 °C enhanced tensile strength and ductility. Additionally, RGO incorporation improved the alloy’s strength but reduced its elongation. This research highlights the potential of Gr-reinforced Ni-based alloys for advanced MSR applications, offering insights into fabrication techniques and their impact on material properties.
Influence of Retrogression and Re-Aging Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of Jet-Formed 7050 Alloy
Authors: Zhang Lei , Xing Shuohao , Zhai Hongchao , Hou Huiying , Wang Zhijie , Liu Sha
Published: February 2025

In this paper, regression and re-aging treatment (RRA) was performed on the 7050 alloy, and the evolution in the microstructure of the 7050 alloy was observed by metallography and SEM. The effect of regression and re-aging treatment on the hardness of the alloy was investigated; the maximum hardness was 84.576 HRB at 180 °C/30 min. It was found that with the increase in regression treatment time, the size of the precipitates on the grain boundaries gradually increased, while the number of the precipitates inside the grain decreased accordingly. In the course of the experiment, the η’ (MgZn2) transforms into the η (MgZn2). As a result, the hardness of the alloy showed a decreasing trend. Meanwhile, the precipitates on the grain boundaries gradually increased in size, while the number of precipitates within the grain boundaries correspondingly decreased. These results reveal the influence of the re-aging treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of 7050 aluminum alloy, providing an important experimental basis for further optimizing the performance of the alloy.
Frobenius Local Rings of Length 5 and Index of Nilpotency 3
Authors: Alabiad Sami , Alhomaidhi Alhanouf Ali
Published: February 2025

This paper investigates finite local non-chain rings associated by the well-known invariants p,n,m,l, and k, where p is a prime number. In particular, we provide a comprehensive characterization of Frobenius local rings of length l=5 and index of nilpotency t=3, where t the index of nilpotency of the maximal ideal. The relevance of Frobenius rings is notable in coding theory, as it has been demonstrated that two classical results by MacWilliams—the Extension Theorem and the MacWilliams identities—are applicable not only to finite fields but also to finite Frobenius rings. We, therefore, classify and count Frobenius local rings of order p5m with t=3, outlining their properties in connection with various values of n.
Oscillation and Asymptotic Behavior of Third-Order Neutral Delay Differential Equations with Mixed Nonlinearities
Authors: Sudha Balakrishnan , Chatzarakis George E. , Thandapani Ethiraju
Published: February 2025

In the present article, we create new sufficient conditions for the oscillatory and asymptotic behavior of solutions of third-order nonlinear neutral delay differential equations with several super-linear and sub-linear terms. The results are obtained first by applying the arithmetic–geometric mean inequality along with the linearization method and then using comparison method as well as the integral averaging technique. Finally, we show the importance and novelty of the main results by applying them to special cases of the studied equation.
Political Competition, Resource Availability, and Conflict: A Simulation
Authors: Siemers Troy , Basuchoudhary Atin
Published: February 2025

This paper explores the dynamics of political competition, resource availability, and conflict through a simulation-based approach. Utilizing agent-based models (ABMs) within an evolutionary game theoretical framework, we investigate how individual behaviors and motivations influence collective outcomes in civil conflicts. Our study builds on the theoretical model developed by Basuchoudhary et al. (2023), which integrates factors such as resource availability, state capacity, and political entrepreneurship to explain the evolution of civil conflict. By simulating boundedly rational agents, we demonstrate how changes in resource availability can alter the nature of civil conflict, leading to different equilibrium outcomes. The findings highlight the importance of understanding individual motivations and adaptive behaviors in predicting the stability and resolution of conflicts. This research contributes to the growing body of literature on the use of agent-based models in evolutionary game theory and provides valuable insights into the complex interactions that drive civil violence.
Optimization of Direct Convolution Algorithms on ARM Processors for Deep Learning Inference
Authors: Li Shang , Yu Fei , Zhang Shankou , Yin Huige , Lin Hairong
Published: February 2025

In deep learning, convolutional layers typically bear the majority of the computational workload and are often the primary contributors to performance bottlenecks. The widely used convolution algorithm is based on the IM2COL transform to take advantage of the highly optimized GEMM (General Matrix Multiplication) kernel acceleration, using the highly optimized BLAS (Basic Linear Algebra Subroutine) library, which tends to incur additional memory overhead. Recent studies have indicated that direct convolution approaches can outperform traditional convolution implementations without additional memory overhead. In this paper, we propose a high-performance implementation of the direct convolution algorithm for inference that preserves the channel-first data layout of the convolutional layer inputs/outputs. We evaluate the performance of our proposed algorithm on a multi-core ARM CPU platform and compare it with state-of-the-art convolution optimization techniques. Experimental results demonstrate that our new algorithm performs better across the evaluated scenarios and platforms.
Antibacterial Properties and Long-Term Corrosion Resistance of Bioactive Coatings Obtained by Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation on TiZrTaAg
Authors: Stoian Andrei Bogdan , Prodana Mariana , Nartita Radu , Ionita Daniela , Simoiu Madalina
Published: February 2025

The long-term corrosion and antibacterial evaluation of bioactive coating obtained by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) on TiZrTaAg is crucial for assessing its potential in biomedical applications. The MAPLE deposition technique involves the formation of a dense and adherent layer on the surface of the alloy which can include a multitude of components such as bioactive glass, ZnO and graphene oxide. Long-term corrosion studies in simulated body fluids evaluate the stability and integrity of the coating over extended periods, ensuring its durability in the physiological environment. The results showed that the coatings, especially the one incorporating graphene oxide (GO), significantly reduced the corrosion rate of TiZrTaAg compared to the uncoated alloy. Antibacterial evaluation assesses the coating’s ability to inhibit bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, which are major concerns in implant-associated infections. The coatings demonstrated high antibacterial activity, with the one with the GO-containing film exhibiting the highest bacterial inhibition, achieving 83% against Staphylococcus aureus and 71% against Escherichia coli. The study concluded that the MAPLE-modified TiZrTaAg alloy with bioactive coatings, particularly the one with GO, shows promising potential for biomedical applications due to enhanced corrosion resistance and strong antibacterial properties.
Applying Acoustic Signals to Monitor Hybrid Electrical Discharge-Turning with Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Soleymani Mehdi , Hadad Mohammadjafar
Published: February 2025

Artificial intelligence (AI) models have demonstrated their capabilities across various fields by performing tasks that are currently handled by humans. However, the training of these models faces several limitations, such as the need for sufficient data. This study proposes the use of acoustic signals as training data as this method offers a simpler way to obtain a large dataset compared to traditional approaches. Acoustic signals contain valuable information about the process behavior. We investigated the ability of extracting useful features from acoustic data expecting to predict labels separately by a multilabel classifier rather than as a multiclass classifier. This study focuses on electrical discharge turning (EDT) as a hybrid process of electrical discharge machining (EDM) and turning, an intricate process with multiple influencing parameters. The sounds generated during EDT were recorded and used as training data. The sounds underwent preprocessing to examine the effects of the parameters used for feature extraction prior to feeding the data into the ANN model. The parameters investigated included sample rate, length of the FFT window, hop length, and the number of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC). The study aimed to determine the optimal preprocessing parameters considering the highest precision, recall, and F1 scores. The results revealed that instead of using the default set values in the python packages, it is necessary to investigate the preprocessing parameters to find the optimal values for the maximum classification performance. The promising results of the multi-label classification model depicted that it is possible to detect various aspects of a process simultaneously receiving single data, which is very beneficial in monitoring. The results also indicated that the highest prediction scores could be achieved by setting the sample rate, length of the FFT window, hop length, and number of MFCC to 4500 Hz, 1024, 256, and 80, respectively.
Sustainable Recovery of Lead from Secondary Waste in Chloride Medium: A Review
Authors: Vivar Yeimy , Velásquez-Yévenes Lilian , Vargas Cristian
Published: February 2025

Environmental regulations on lead recycling are becoming increasingly stringent, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives to conventional high-temperature processes. Hydrometallurgical methods in chloride media have emerged as a viable option for recovering lead from mining and urban wastes, including lead anode corrosion residues, zinc leaching residues, and spent lead–acid batteries. This study reviews the key conditions for lead recovery in chloride media, highlighting the variables that optimize lead dissolution, and the potential challenges associated with these processes. The findings indicate that efficient lead recovery requires high chloride concentrations, with acidity playing a critical role depending on the relative concentrations of lead and sulfate in the solution. When lead and sulfate concentrations are similar, stable lead–chloride complexes form within a pH range of 0 to 6.0. However, at higher sulfate concentrations, the pH range narrows significantly to 0 to 2.0, necessitating a more acidic environment for effective dissolution. Chloride media offer a distinct advantage through the formation of stable lead–chloride complexes, whose stability is influenced by chloride concentration, sulfate concentration, pH, and redox potential. Moreover, this approach provides a sustainable alternative that could integrate seawater into industrial processes, particularly in regions facing water scarcity.
Application Progress of Electron Beam Radiation in Adsorption Functional Materials Preparation
Authors: Gao Jie , Li Xiang , Chen Tao , Zhao Yuan , Xiong Houhua , Han Xiaobing
Published: February 2025

To solve the problems of water and air pollution, adsorption functional materials (ASFMs) have been extensively investigated and applied. Among the preparation methods of ASFM, electron beam radiation (EBR) has attracted much attention for its high efficiency, environmental friendliness, and wide applicability. Based on the introduction of the application of EBR technology, the EBR preparation of ASFM is summarized by grafting and cross-linking. Secondly, the application of corresponding ASFM for the adsorption of metal ions, inorganic anions, dyes, drugs and chemical raw materials, and carbon dioxide is summarized systematically. Then, the adsorption mechanisms of ASFM are illustrated, according to the different pollutants. Finally, the progress, issues, and prospects of EBR technology for ASFM preparation are discussed.
From “Maraschino” to Cell Cultures: A Deep Study on Prunus cerasus L. Cell Culture Juices
Authors: Dalla Costa Vanessa , Piovan Anna , Varfaj Ina , Marcotullio Maria Carla , Brun Paola , Filippini Raffaella
Published: February 2025

Prunus cerasus var. Marasca (Rosaceae) is an important Croatian cultivar, known wordwide for the production of Luxardo maraschino liqueur, which occurs in the eastern Po Valley of Italy. Besides liqueur, Marasca is attractive for its beneficial effects on human health and well-being. The undifferentiated in vitro cell cultures of Marasca were investigated as a source of healthy products. The in vitro conditions for obtaining callus and suspension cultures under photoperiod were defined. The cell lines were evaluated for growth rate, total phenol and proanthocyanidin contents, and antioxidant activities via colorimetric assays. The best cell lines were also subcultured in darkness, studying the importance of the light parameter in the possible industrial scaling-up. The juices extracted from the obtained biomasses were analyzed by LC-DAD-MS and six flavanone derivatives, among which naringenin and its glucoside were identified. The quantitative analysis, pursued during the cell growth cycle, revealed that the flavanone content was higher at the end of the growth cycle (28th day) and that the total content of identified flavanone compounds varied from 17.22 to 79.22 μg/mL of juice. The results of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities on Caco-2 cells support the potential applications of this material in human health.
The Impact of Fucoidan Extracts on Heat-Stress-Induced Loss of In Vitro Fast-Twitch Muscle Function in Mice
Authors: Kucewicz Samantha T. C. , Piantella Stefan , Church Jarrod E. , Taylor Caroline J. , van der Poel Chris
Published: February 2025

Elevated temperatures have been shown to decrease muscle force production, with potential causes including protein unfolding, enzyme denaturation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). This study aimed to investigate whether fucoidan, a compound derived from brown seaweed, could mitigate heat-stress-induced loss of muscle function. C57BL/6 mice were orally administered fucoidan (400 mg/kg/day) from one of two different seaweed species Fucus vesiculosus (FVF) or Undaria pinnatifida (UPF) or vehicle control for seven consecutive days. Subsequently, the in vitro muscle function of the fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) was assessed at either 25 °C (control) or 43 °C (heat stress). Functional analysis was complemented with gene analysis and the C2C12 myoblast heat-stress assay. The temperature (43 °C)-induced loss of force produced by the EDL muscle was significantly attenuated by fucoidan from FVF but not UPF. Fucoidan from UPF did not affect gene expression levels, whereas fucoidan from FVF significantly increased the expression levels of HSP90. In mouse C2C12 myoblasts, heat stress induced a significant increase in ROS production which was significantly reduced by both fucoidan species. These results suggest fucoidan extracted from Fucus vesiculosus may be an effective preventive strategy to protect against heat-induced loss of muscle strength in fast-twitch muscles.
Confusing Onset of MOGAD in the Form of Focal Seizures
Authors: Jączak-Goździak Małgorzata , Steinborn Barbara
Published: February 2025

MOGAD is a demyelinating syndrome with the presence of antibodies against myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, which is, next to multiple sclerosis and the neuromyelitis optica spectrum, one of the manifestations of the demyelinating process, more common in the pediatric population. MOGAD can take a variety of clinical forms: acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM), retrobulbar optic neuritis, often binocular (ON), transverse myelitis (TM), or NMOSD-like course (neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders), less often encephalopathy. The course may be monophasic (40–50%) or polyphasic (50–60%), especially with persistently positive anti-MOG antibodies. Very rarely, the first manifestation of the disease, preceding the typical symptoms of MOGAD by 8 to 48 months, is focal seizures with secondary generalization, without typical demyelinating changes on MRI of the head. The paper presents a case of a 17-year-old patient whose first symptoms of MOGAD were focal epileptic seizures in the form of turning the head to the right with the elevation of the left upper limb and salivation. Seizures occurred after surgical excision of a tumor of the right adrenal gland (ganglioneuroblastoma). Then, despite a normal MRI of the head and the exclusion of onconeural antibodies in the serum and the cerebrospinal fluid, a paraneoplastic syndrome was suspected after treatment with i.v. Steroids, immunoglobulins. After eight plasmapheresis procedures and initiation of antiepileptic treatment, the seizures subsided, and there were no other neurological manifestations for nine months. Only subsequent relapses of the disease with typical radiological and clinical picture (ADEM, MDEM, recurrent ON) allowed for proper diagnosis and treatment of the patient both during relapses and by initiating supportive treatment. The patient’s case allows us to analyze the multi-phase, clinically diverse course of MOGAD and, above all, indicates the need to expand the diagnosis of epilepsy towards demyelinating diseases: determination of anti-MOG and anti-AQP4 antibodies.
Spinitectus inermis (Nematoda: Cystidicolidae) in the European Eel, Anguilla anguilla (Pisces, Teleostei) from the Mesima River (Southern Calabria, Italy)
Authors: Milazzo Concetta , Poonlaphdecha Srisupaph , Sperone Emilio , Rima Patrizia Carla , Ribas Alexis
Published: February 2025

The nematode Spinitectus inermis (Zeder, 1800), a specific gastrointestinal parasite of Anguilla anguilla, has been recorded for the first time in the Italian Peninsula. The study was conducted in the Mesima River, located in the southwestern part of the Calabria region (southern Italy). Over a five-month period, 162 specimens of European eel were sampled, revealing an overall prevalence of 47.53%, a mean intensity of 9.51 (±13.88), and a mean abundance of 4.55 (±10.69). The nematode was present throughout the five months analyzed, with prevalence rates ranging from 32.0% to 57.14%. The overall prevalence in the Mesima River was higher than in most previous studies, and the mean abundance of infection was also higher. The highest prevalence of infection was observed in September (56.7%), October (57.14%), November (48.57%), and December (40.54%), with the lowest in March (32.0%). In conclusion, Spinitectus inermis appears to be well established in the eel population of the Mesima River, exhibiting high prevalence and intensity year-round despite ecological variations, though its intermediate hosts remain unknown.
Optimizing Clinical Management of COVID-19: A Predictive Model for Unvaccinated Patients Admitted to ICU
Authors: Farhan Ahmed , Ayed Khouloud , Zayati Sara , Akrout Rym , Dlala Akram , Abouda Amal , Zoghlami Nesrine , Mahjoubi Halima , Labbane Iheb , Gati Asma
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the impact of immunological and clinical factors on COVID-19 outcomes among unvaccinated individuals. A cohort of 42 unvaccinated patients admitted to an intensive care unit was analyzed, focusing on age, comorbidities, inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody levels (IgG) to assess their influence on hospital stay duration, recovery time, complications, and mortality rates. The findings revealed that advanced age, cardiovascular disease, and elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines significantly heightened the risks of severe complications and mortality. Conversely, low IgG levels correlated with prolonged hospital stays and slower recovery. Multivariate analysis identified high IL-6 and TNF-α levels as strong predictors of adverse outcomes. This research emphasizes the need for the early monitoring of cytokines and targeted management strategies to mitigate the impact of COVID-19, especially among high-risk unvaccinated populations.
Nanostructured Strategies for Melanoma Treatment—Part II: Targeted Topical Delivery of Curcumin via Poloxamer-Based Thermosensitive Hydrogels
Authors: Paganini Valentina , Monti Daniela , Chetoni Patrizia , Burgalassi Susi , Cesari Andrea , Bellina Fabio , Tampucci Silvia
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Curcumin (CUR) is a natural compound with notable antitumor properties but faces limitations in topical applications due to poor aqueous solubility, instability, and insufficient skin penetration. To overcome these challenges, a nanomicellar formulation (TPGS30ELP15) was developed to enhance CUR solubility, stability, and skin penetration. This study aimed at evaluating the skin permeation and retention of CUR when delivered through nanomicelles alone or combined with a thermosensitive hydrogel for potential melanoma therapy. Methods: A CUR-loaded nanomicellar formulation containing CUR 5 mM was developed, characterized by particle sizes of 12–25 nm. Skin permeation studies utilized pig ear skin to assess CUR localization using both HPLC quantitative analysis and confocal microscopy. To improve patient comfort and application efficiency, the nanomicellar dispersion was incorporated into a thermosensitive hydrogel based on 16% Kolliphor® P407 and was able to undergo a sol–gel transition at skin temperature (32–36 °C). Formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties, stability, and CUR distribution within skin layers using in vitro permeation assays. Results: CUR-loaded nanomicelles demonstrated selective localization in the viable epidermis (100–150 µm depth), bypassing the stratum corneum. The addition of the thermosensitive hydrogel enhanced CUR retention and distribution, prolonging contact at the application site and providing a gradual release profile. The hydrogel’s sol–gel transition properties can facilitate ease of use and patient compliance. The combined system effectively delivered CUR to the basal epidermis, a target site for melanoma treatment, achieving therapeutically relevant drug concentrations. Conclusions: The incorporation of CUR-loaded nanomicelles into a thermosensitive hydrogel enhanced the solubility, stability, and targeted delivery of CUR to skin layers. This dual system represents a promising strategy for improving topical drug delivery for melanoma therapy, addressing limitations associated with CUR’s physicochemical properties while ensuring patient-friendly application and gradual drug release.
In Vitro Bactericidal Activity of a Neomycin-Polymyxin B-Nystatin Combination Compared to Metronidazole and Clindamycin Against the Main Bacteria Involved in Bacterial Vaginosis and Aerobic Vaginitis
Authors: Feuillolay Catherine , Salvatico Sylvie , Escola Julie , Quioc-Salomon Barbara , Carrois Frédéric , Roques Christine
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: Aerobic vaginitis (AV) and bacterial vaginosis (BV) are vaginal infections requiring the fast elimination of pathogens. The frequent confusion of these infections may justify the use of a rapidly acting broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment. Methods: This study investigated the bactericidal kinetics of the neomycin-polymyxin B-nystatin (NPN) combination compared to those of two reference antibiotics (clindamycin and metronidazole) against 22 bacteria commonly implicated in AV and BV. Results: NPN exhibited bactericidal activity against the aerobic Gram-positive bacteria, with particularly high bactericidal activity being observed against streptococci, S. aureus, and C. amycolatum after 1 h at low dilutions and after 4 h for all dilutions. Enterococci were less sensitive to NPN. Clindamycin demonstrated poor rapid bactericidal activity against all Gram-positive bacteria tested. NPN manifested high bactericidal activity against all aerobic Gram-negative bacteria tested, whereas clindamycin showed bactericidal activity only after 4 h at a 1/2 dilution. With respect to the four anaerobic strains tested, NPN demonstrated high bactericidal activity at all tested dilutions with concentration-dependent effects. Metronidazole exhibited lower or no rapid bactericidal activity. Conclusions: These results suggest that NPN has very fast bactericidal action against the main bacteria involved in AV and BV compared to clindamycin and metronidazole, highlighting its potential in managing bacterial vaginal infections.
Resistance Exercise in Treating Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) and Obesity: Targeting Skeletal Muscle Abnormalities and Ectopic Adipose Depots
Authors: McDonough Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide [...]
Association Between Gall Structural and Metabolic Complexity: Evidence from Pistacia palaestina
Authors: Batovska Daniela , Chakarova Mirena , Dines Monica , Dincheva Ivayla , Badjakov Ilian , Inbar Moshe
Published: February 2025

Pistacia palaestina hosts several Fordini gall-forming aphid species, which manipulate its anatomy and metabolism, creating galls that provide nutrients and protection. This study compared the extended metabolic profiles of P. palaestina leaves and galls induced by Baizongia pistaciae, Paracletus cimiciformis, and Geoica spp. GC–MS analysis of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) and methanol (MeOH) extracts revealed a high abundance of shikimic acid and quinic acid isomers, along with diverse hydrocarbons, lipids, terpenoids, phenolics, and carbohydrates, each showing distinct distributions across gall types. Paracletus cimiciformis galls closely resembled intact leaves, exhibiting limited metabolic disruption. In contrast, the larger, more complex galls of Baizongia and Geoica underwent profound metabolic modifications. These aphids manipulate host metabolism, leading to triterpenoid and phenolics accumulation, which likely fortifies gall structure and enhances chemical defense. The considerable variation among individual trees suggests that specific host plant templates significantly influence the metabolic profile of the galls.
Yield and Silage Quality of Winter Legume Cover Crop Mixtures Without Nitrogen Fertilization in Spring
Authors: Zupanič Marko , Žnidaršič Tomaž , Podvršnik Miran , Sem Vilma , Kristan Boštjan , Rihter Ludvik , Kramberger Branko
Published: February 2025

A field experiment was conducted in two seasons (2019–2020 and 2020–2021) at three locations in Slovenia (Rogoza, Fala, and Brežice) to evaluate the yield and silage quality of winter cover crops (WCCs). The experiment included Italian ryegrass (IR) in pure stands, fertilized with nitrogen in spring, and mixtures of crimson clover (CRC), red clover (RC), and IR+CRC+RC without nitrogen fertilization in spring. The highest dry matter yield (DMY) was observed in IR+CRC+RC (4.98 t ha−1). For fresh feed, the CRC+RC treatment had significantly higher (p < 0.05) crude protein (208 g kg−1 DM), nitrate nitrogen (116.7 mg kg−1 DM), and buffering capacity (1290 mmol kg−1 DM) but significantly lower (p < 0.05) dry matter (128 g kg−1) and water-soluble carbohydrates (121 g kg−1 DM). For silage, the CRC+RC treatment had significantly lower (p < 0.05) dry matter (476 g kg−1 silage), metabolic energy (9.65 MJ kg−1 DM), net energy of lactation (5.77 MJ kg−1 DM), and neutral detergent fiber (375 g kg−1 DM) but higher ammonia nitrogen (66.5 g kg−1 of total nitrogen), crude protein (158 g kg−1 DM), and acid detergent fiber (279 g kg−1 DM). No significant differences (p > 0.05) were found among treatments for acetic, lactic, and butyric acid, crude fat, pH, and soil mineral nitrogen (Nmin). The results of the study show that the same or higher DMY and a comparable quality of highly wilted silage can be produced with mixed Italian ryegrass and clovers compared with those of Italian ryegrass in pure stands. The experiment aimed to determine whether clover-based mixtures can achieve comparable silage quality and dry matter yield without spring N fertilizers compared with those of pure stands of Italian ryegrass fertilized in spring.
Water–Fertilizer Synergistic Effects and Resource Optimization for Alfalfa Production: A Central Composite Design and Response Surface Methodology Approach
Authors: Mu Gaiya , Jiang Yuanbo , Li Haiyan , Wei Sinan , Qi Guangping , Kang Yanxia , Yin Minhua , Ma Yanlin , Wang Yayu , Wang Yanbiao , Wang Jinwen
Published: February 2025

This study posits that strategically optimizing irrigation and fertilization regimes can enhance the productivity and water use efficiency (WUE) of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), thereby mitigating the constraints imposed by soil impoverishment and water scarcity in forage production systems of arid and semi-arid regions. Conducted over two years, the outdoor pot experiment investigated the effects of water regulation during the branching and bud stages (each at 60–100% θ0.85, where θ0.85 = 0.85θfc) and different levels of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization (0–280 kg/ha each) on alfalfa yield and WUE. Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with a Central Composite Design (CCD), we modeled the relationships between input variables and key response parameters: total yield, evapotranspiration (ET), and WUE. The response surface models exhibited high reliability, with coefficients of determination R2, adjusted R2, predicted R2, and adequate precision exceeding 0.94, 0.90, 0.86, and 13.6, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that water regulation during critical growth stages, particularly the branching stage, had the most significant impact on yield and ET, while nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization positively influenced WUE. Within the appropriate range of water management, judicious fertilization significantly enhanced alfalfa production performance, although excessive inputs resulted in diminishing returns. This study identified the optimal conditions for sustainable production: branching stage water regulation (82.26–83.12% θ0.85) and bud stage water regulation (78.11–88.47% θ0.85), along with nitrogen application (110.59–128.88 kg/ha) and phosphorus application (203.86–210 kg/ha). These findings provide practical guidelines for improving the sustainability and efficiency of alfalfa production in resource-limited environments.
Life at the Top: Extensive Green Roof Plant Species and Their Traits for Urban Use
Authors: Todeschini Cristina C. , Fett-Neto Arthur G.
Published: February 2025

Green roofs are becoming common in cities around the world. Rooftop vegetation faces severe and unique conditions ranging from shallow substrates, high irradiance, water limitation, flooding, extreme temperatures, and strong winds. To benefit the most from this technology for improving urban climate, ecological interactions, and human life quality, it is important to have a toolbox of candidate plant species adapted to the rooftop environment. Herein, an effort was made to provide an overview of the global scenario of green roof plants. A quantitative and qualitative review examining 439 articles published within an approximate 14-year time window (2009 to mid-2023) was conducted to categorize plants amenable to use in green roof conditions, and to identify and discuss their key morphophysiological phenotypic features. This dataset allowed the establishment of archetypal green roof plants for use in different climates. Similar traits were recorded between temperate and continental climate species on one side and between tropical and dry climate plants on the other. The identified set of species and their archetypes within each major climate zone can be useful for readily adopting and expanding new green roofs and as a guideline for incorporating new taxa into this urban environmental technology.
Dynamic Behavior of PVC Gel Actuators: Nonlinear Effects of Viscoelasticity and Electromechanical Coupling
Authors: Xiao Yang , Chen Zhigang , Wang Ye , Lu Hanjing , Luo Bin
Published: February 2025

As an inherent property of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) gel material, viscoelasticity is closely related to the deformation of the material, which will affect its dynamic behavior. However, the existing theoretical model does not consider the influence of time-varying damping on its nonlinear vibration, which leads to the unclear nonlinear dynamic behavior of the material under the dual influence of viscoelasticity and electromechanical parameters and limits the further application of the material. Therefore, in this study, the standard linear solid (SLS) model was used to describe the time-varying dynamic change of viscoelasticity of PVC gel, and the electromechanical coupling second-order nonlinear constitutive equation of PVC gel actuator was established by combining the Gent free energy theory model. The harmonic resonance, stability and periodicity of PVC gel actuator under different loading conditions were investigated by using dynamic analysis methods such as phase path, Poincaré map, bifurcation diagram, and Lyapunov exponent. Through the systematic research in this study, the deformation law of PVC gel with time-varying damping under different electromechanical parameters was revealed, and the parameter control strategy of deformation stability and chaos was obtained, which provided the design method and theoretical basis for the further application of the material.
Electrospun Coaxial Polycaprolactone/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Fibers Containing Cisplatin: A Potential Local Chemotherapy Delivery System for Cervical Cancer Treatment
Authors: Silva-López Mariana Sarai , Escobar-Barrios Vladimir Alonso , Alcántara-Quintana Luz Eugenia
Published: February 2025

Cisplatin, a frequently used chemotherapeutic for the treatment of cervical cancer, causes adverse effects that limit its use. Treatment with local therapy that limits toxicity remains a challenge. The aim of this study was to develop a local intravaginal cisplatin delivery system of polycaprolactone/polyvinylpyrrolidone sheath/core fibers by coaxial electrospinning. Physicochemical properties, degradation rate, mucoadhesion, release profile, and in vitro biosafety assays were characterized. Microscopy images confirmed the coaxial nature of the fibers and showed continuous morphology and diameters of 3–9 µm. The combination of polymers improved their mechanical properties. The contact angle < 85° indicated a hydrophilic surface, which would allow its dissolution in the vaginal environment. The release profile showed a rapid initial release followed by a slow and sustained release over eight days. The degradation test showed ~50% dissolution of the fibers on day 10. The adhesion of the fibrous device to the vaginal wall lasted for more than 15 days, which was sufficient time to allow the release of cisplatin. The biosafety tests showed great cytocompatibility and no hemolysis. The characteristics of the developed system open the possibility of its application as a localized therapy against cervical cancer, reducing adverse effects and improving the quality of life of patients.
Computer Science Techniques Applied to Temperature Control in Biodiesel Production: Mathematical Modeling, Optimization, and Sensorless Technique
Authors: Maya-Rodriguez Mario C. , Carvajal-Mariscal Ignacio , López-Muñoz Raúl , Lopez-Pacheco Mario A. , Tolentino-Eslava René
Published: February 2025

This paper demonstrates that biodiesel production processes can be optimized through implementing a controller based on fuzzy logic and neural networks. The system dynamics are identified utilizing convolutional neural networks, enabling tests of the reactor temperature response under different control law proposals. In addition, a sensorless technique using a convolutional neural network to replace the sensor/transmitter signal in case of failure is implemented. Two optimization functions are proposed utilizing a metaheuristic algorithm based on differential evolution, where the aim is to minimize the use of cooling for the control of the reactor temperature. Finally, the control system proposals are compared, and the results show that a neuro-fuzzy controller without optimization restrictions generated unviable ITAE (1.9597×107) and TVU (22.3993) performance metrics, while the restriction proposed in this work managed to minimize these metrics, improving both the ITAE (3.3928×106) and TVU (17.9132). These results show that combining the sensorless technique and our optimization method for the cooling stage enables energy saving in the temperature control processes required for biodiesel production.
YOLO-RD: A Road Damage Detection Method for Effective Pavement Maintenance
Authors: Wang Wei , Yu Xiaoru , Jing Bin , Tang Ziqi , Zhang Wei , Wang Shengyu , Xiao Yao , Li Shu , Yang Liping
Published: February 2025

Road damage detection is crucial for ensuring road safety and minimizing maintenance costs. However, detecting small damage, managing complex backgrounds, and identifying irregular damage shapes remain significant challenges. To address these issues, we propose YOLO-RD, an advanced detection framework that integrates innovative modules for feature enhancement, multi-scale robustness, and detail preservation. Specifically, the Star Operation Module (SOM) improves sensitivity to small-scale damage, the Multi-dimensional Auxiliary Fusion (MAF) module strengthens robustness in complex environments, and the Wavelet Transform Convolution (WTC) enables adaptive focus on irregular shapes. On the Japanese road dataset in RDD2022, YOLO-RD achieves a detection accuracy of 25.75%, with a notable 4.93% improvement in small object detection over the baseline YOLOv8. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of YOLO-RD in addressing diverse and challenging real-world scenarios, establishing it as a robust solution for automated road condition monitoring.