bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Significance of the San Remo Manual to Protect the Sea Defense of Indonesia
Authors: Kamarulah Rizki Pratama , Prakoso Lukman Yudho
Published: September 2023

In 1994, the San Remo Manual was established as a regulation governing sea warfare, providing guidelines for countries engaged in conflicts at sea. As Indonesia holds a crucial strategic position in both regional and global sea and air zones, understanding and adhering to international law during armed conflicts at sea is of paramount importance. This research aims to offer practical guidance on the significant role of the San Remo Manual, in applying international law during sea warfare and examines its application in Indonesia. The study employs a qualitative method, which seeks to identify and understand various phenomena in-depth. By analyzing different cases and phenomena, empirical insights on the development and application of the law can be derived. The research results show a comprehensive guide for countries involved in sea conflicts, detailing permissible actions, involvement of parties, protection of injured vessels and personnel, and actions taken by non-conflicting nations. For the Indonesian Navy, implementing the San Remo Manual is vital since they operate in waters that may be prone to armed conflicts. Adhering to this manual can help regulate the conduct of naval personnel during military operations at sea, with a strong emphasis on upholding human rights and justice in the use of military force.
Building Disaster Resilient Tourism through Strengthening Disaster Management Strategies in Batu City
Authors: Praditya Editha , Ali Yusuf , Surjaatmadja Surachman , Duarte Rui , Suprapto Firre An , Saragih Herlina Juni Risma
Published: September 2023

Indonesia has a high intensity of disaster events. The high incidence of disasters in Indonesia has had a detrimental impact on several sectors, one of which is the tourism sector.  This study was conducted to find out actors who play a role in disaster management strategy and their relation to national defense. This study used QGIS software, MICMAC, and MACTOR for analysis. MICMAC analysis emphasizes factors or variables, and then MACTOR emphasizes actors. This research found that the institutional capacity between institutions in Batu City was good, but still needed to be improved. The role of actors in improving disaster management in tourism areas in Batu City is very crucial, especially BPBD and DLH as actors who influence other actors on strategy and disaster management in Batu City. The role of actors in disaster management through risk mapping, preparing emergency response plans, and involving the community in prevention efforts are important actions in disaster management. The success of these efforts will contribute to overall national security and stability. This condition led to the involvement of the Indonesian National Armed Forces (TNI) in emergency disaster response operations.
Implementation of Artificial Intelligence on Indonesia’s Defense Intelligence Activities
Authors: Ramadhianto Rizky , Toruan Tahan Samuel Lumban , Kertopati Susaningtyas Nefo Handayani , Almubaroq Hikmat Zakky
Published: September 2023

The global dynamics nowadays are synonymous with technological developments which have led to the complexity of emerging threats for implementing Indonesia's defense that come from state actors and non-state actors by taking advantage of technological advances in every digital-based crime. To respond, the concept of digital transformation needs to be realized in a more simultaneous and integrated manner for the defense process through technology platforms. One of them is using Artificial Intelligence technology on defense intelligence activities digitally to prevent sudden strategic attacks on defense forces. Despite of benefits that help intelligence performance in the defense sector, applying Artificial Intelligence technology has potential negative impacts. This article aims to study the significant implications of Artificial Intelligence technology on national defense using a qualitative descriptive method in literacy studies originating from journals, books, and credible internet sources. The findings provide that potential threats from Artificial Intelligence-based defense intelligence activities include miscalculation of algorithmic processes in the intelligence collecting phase, breaches in the process of sharing strategic defense data, and errors in processing statistical data as an effort to observe the reactions of other countries to maintain the balance of defense forces, resulting of misinterpretation in order to estimate national power of them and their intentions in deploying military force. If the potential threats are not focused on being addressed, it will have an impact on reducing the effectiveness of defense intelligence to reduce uncertainty in forecasting global threats.
The Impact of Indonesian Army Information and Data Processing Service Department Programming Training for Indonesian Army
Authors: Mutaqin Rizal , Mutaqin Ghani , Sahary Fitry Taufiq , Dharmopadni Dwi Shinta
Published: September 2023

This research discusses the importance of programming training for soldiers of the Indonesian Army in facing the era of globalization and digital transformation. In this context, programming is recognized as a tool for developing creative and logical thinking skills, which are key in overcoming complex challenges both in the military and society. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of programming training for Indonesian Army soldiers. The methodological approach used combines quantitative and qualitative methods, through an initial survey to identify the number of soldiers taking programming training as well as an in-depth interview approach to explore the impact of programming on military assignments. The results showed that programming training had a positive impact, not only on improving problem-solving skills but also on the development of logical, systematic thinking and analytical skills. From a military perspective, programming gives The Indonesian Army soldiers a competitive edge in addressing modern challenges, such as technology development, intelligence analysis, and data management. Programming training also forms habits of logical thinking that are useful in making everyday decisions. Therefore, programming is not only a technical skill but also a tool to deal with the changing dynamics of future battles and adapt to technological developments.
Opportunities and Challenges of the State Defense Paradigm in the Era of Globalization
Authors: Fathun Laode Muhamad , Maharani Tiara Puspa , Angkotasan Nazaruddien Agus Salim Putra
Published: September 2023

In the era of globalization, efforts to defend the country no longer involve physical warfare. This study aims to describe the opportunities and challenges to defend Indonesia in the globalization era. This research was conducted because it has an urgency that there is a meaning of disruption in the paradigm of state defense in the era of globalization. This study is a descriptive-qualitative study that used library research to collect data from surveys, observations, Focus Group Discussions, and Interviews. This study finds that through the digital era, social media platforms will create interactive, communicative, and multi-channel communication dialogue patterns that will create a digital community that loves the motherland and is aware of the nation and state. Besides, the transformation of the value of State Defense in the digital era is more effective than previously. On the other side, Indonesia is still facing cultural, structural, and postural challenges. Thus, the challenges faced also need to be considered and prevented together with all existing stakeholders and state defense agents.
Conceptual Model Measurement of Total People’s Defense and Security System Readiness Based on Land Defense
Authors: Husein Fulkan Kafilah Al , Nandita Alfema Kansha , Chrisanto Chrisdiego , Rachmawati Ro'fah Nur
Published: September 2023

The Universal People's Defence and Security System (Sishankamrata) is a critical component of Indonesia's national defence strategy. This study proposes the Index of Basic Military Capacity (IKMR) as a reliable and valid measuring instrument to ensure the readiness of its civilian population in facing protracted warfare. we used the Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) method to test the relationships between selected variables, validate constructs, and measure the reliability of each variable in developing the IKMR. Our innovative approach enables the government to determine a more effective strategy based on measurement results, ensuring that the civilian population is adequately prepared to defend the sovereignty, territorial integrity, and national safety of the country. This study makes a significant contribution to defence research by proposing conceptual model index as the basic of assessing sishankamrata in an exact population.
THE NOUN PHRASE AND ITS QUALITY OF CATEGORY SHIFT USED IN THE NOVEL THE FAULT IN OUR STARS BY JOHN GREEN
Authors: Choirunnisa Choirunnisa , Ardayati Ardayati , Fiani Ani
Published: September 2023

This research aimed to find out what types of category shifts were used in noun phrases and to find out quality assessments in the novel The Fault in Our Stars by John Green. The researcher used a descriptive qualitative method to analyze the noun phrases of category shift used in the novel. Data collection techniques used reading the novels, identifying the noun phrase found in both novels, finding the meaning of the words and phrases, and classifying them. Data analysis techniques used data reduction, data display, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that 102 data of category shifts were found in this research. There were 47 data for structure shift as the highest frequency and 6 data for class shift as the lowest frequency. Unit shifts found in this research were 38 data, and intra-system shifts occurred with 11 data. In the quality assessment of the category shift aspects, there were 78 data (76,5%) categorized as accurate. 20 data (19,65%) were less accurate, and 4 data (3,9%) were inaccurate. Moreover, in the acceptable aspect, the researcher found 92 data (90,2%) were acceptable, 9 data (8,8%) were less acceptable, and 1 data (0,98%) was unacceptable. The last aspect was readable; 90 data (88,2%) were readable, 9 data (8,8%) were less readable, and 3 data (2,9% ) were not readable. The conclusion of this research was the highest frequency of category shift was structure shift, and the lowest frequency was class shift. For quality assessment, the acceptable translation gained the biggest frequency, while the unacceptable got the lowest frequency in this research.
Kajian Multiplicative Decomposition Seasonal/ Menentukan Indeks Musiman Untuk Laporan Penerimaan Barang Bahan Kemas di PT Rohto Laboratories Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Irpan , Ramadani Dimas Aldi , Nugraha Reynaldi , Anwar Asep
Published: September 2023

PT Rohto Laboratories Indonesia adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang farmasi kosmetik mempunyai gudang bahan kemas yang berlokasi di Jalan Raya Batujajar KM 1,5 RT 5/ RW 5 Desa Laksana Mekar Kec. Padalarang, Bandung Barat. Aktivitas pekerjaan di Gudang PT Rohto Laboratories Indonesia ini memiliki sistem penerimaan barang bahan kemas. Saat ini, metode yang digunakan masih konvensional dan mengarah ke beberapa masalah optimasi seperti stok mati, kurangnya stok, keterlambatan pengiriman, dll. Penelitian ini mengusulkan Dekomposisi Multiplikasi (Musiman) untuk memperkirakan inventaris produk LE (Penerimaan Barang) di PT Rohto Laboratories Indonesia. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa metode yang diimplementasikan berhasil memberikan peramalan yang memadai yang ditunjukkan oleh 6.11 % dari MAPE (Mean Absolute Perscentage Error), 21,96 dari MAD (Mean Absolute Deviation) dan 843,63 MSE (Mean Square Error). Metode Multiplicative Decomposition (Seasonal) secara efektif meningkatkan sistem penerimaan di PT Rohto Laboratories Indonesia dan mengurangi potensi stok mati secara efektif.
Maximal extensions of a linear functional
Authors: Burderi Fabio , Trapanı Camillo , Triolo Salvatore
Published: September 2023

Extensions of a positive hermitian linear functional $\omega$, defined on a dense *-subalgebra $\mathfrak{A_{0}}$ of a topological *-algebra $\mathfrak{A}[\tau]$ are analyzed. It turns out that their maximal extension as linear functionals or hermitian linear functional are everywhere defined. The situation however changes deeply if one looks for positive extensions. The case of fully positive and widely positive extensions considered in [1] is rivisited from this point of view. Examples mostly taken from the theory of integration are discussed.
PELATIHAN DASAR MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD GUNA MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS KINERJA PERANGKAT DESA PALINGKAU JAYA, KECAMATAN KAPUAS MURUNG, KABUPATEN KAPUAS, KALIMANTAN TENGAH
Authors: Bhaskara Aribawa Ajid , Makhrian Andy
Published: September 2023

Seiring dengan perkembangan era teknologi dizaman sekarang, memahami teknologi informasi dan komputer sangat membantu dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, terutama dalam dunia kerja. Kegiatan pelatihan Microsoft Office Word ini bertujuan untuk membekali keterampilan perangkat Desa Palingkau Jaya dalam penggunaan komputer khususnya yang berkaitan dengan sistem pelayanan administrasi masyarakat. Didapati bahwa sebagian besar perangkat Desa Palingkau Jaya tidak menguasai penggunaan standar program yang ada di komputer khususnya Microsoft Office Word. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kemampuan perangkat Desa Palingkau Jaya dalam peradministrasian desa yaitu dengan cara memberikan program pelatihan dasar Microsoft office word. Pelatihan ini bisa menjadi salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kemampuan perangkat desa. Program pelatihan ini menggunakan metode berupa pemberian materi mengenai dasar-dasar Microsoft office word dan praktek secara langsung. Diharapkan dengan diadakannya program pelatihan ini dapat mengembangkan pengetahuan perangkat desa Palingkau Jaya dalam mengoperasikan Microsoft office word dan memaksimalkan kinerja Perangkat Desa Palingkau Jaya, Kecamatan Kapuas Murung, Kabupaten Kapuas dalam melayani masyarakat.
Kata Kunci: Pelatihan, MS Word, Palingkau Jaya
 
ABSTRACT
 MICROSOFT OFFICE WORD BASIC TRAINING TO IMPROVE THE PERFORMANCE OF PLINGKAU JAYA VILLAGE ADMINISTRATOR, KAPUAS MURUNG SUB-DISTRICT, KAPUAS DISTRICT, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN. Along with the times, of today's technology, understanding information technology and computers is very helpful in everyday life, especially in the world of work. This Microsoft Office Word activity aims to train the skills of the Desa Palingkau Jaya apparatus in using computers, especially those related to the community administration service system. It was found that most of the apparatus of the Desa Palingkau Jaya did not master the use of standard programs on computers, especially Microsoft Office Word. One way to improve the ability of the Desa Palingkau Jaya apparatus in administration is by providing a basic Microsoft office word training program. This training can be one way to improve the capacity of village officials. This program uses the method of providing material on basic Microsoft office word training and hands-on practice. It is hoped that by holding this training program, it is hoped that this training program will be able to develop the knowledge tools of the Desa Palingkau Jaya in operating Microsoft office word and maximize the performance of the Desa Palingkau Jaya, Kecamatan Kapuas Murung, Kabupaten Kapuas in serving the community.
 Keywords: Training, MS Word, Palingkau Jaya
PEMANFAATAN JAHE MERAH MENJADI SIRUP JAHE MERAH DI DESA RIAK SIABUN 1 KABUPATEN SELUMA BENGKULU
Authors: Gusriani Ika , Rahma Dwipa Eliza , Nur Fadilah Riska , Putri Hartono Andini , Netanyahu Simatupang Benjamin
Published: September 2023

Masyarakat pedesaan masih banyak yang belum mengetahui tentang pemanfaatan sumber daya alam yang ada di sekitar lingkungan terutama beberapa jenis tanaman yang mengandung komponen dan manfaat yang baik untuk tubuh termasuk masyarakat yang ada di Desa Riak Siabun 1 Kecamatan Sukaraja Kabupaten Seluma Provinsi Bengkulu. Salah satu peranan Perguruan Tinggi dan mahasiswa yakni membantu dalam memberikan ilmu pengetahuan yang diperoleh selama perkuliahan ke pada masyarakat. Kegiatan Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) sebagai program intra kurikuler dilaksanakan sebagai salah satu perwujudan Tridharma Perguruan Tinggi. Tujuan pelaksanaan kegiatan sosialisasi pemanfaatan jahe merah ini menjadi sirup jahe merah yakni agar masyarakat mengetahui bahwa tanaman jahe merah memiliki sejumlah manfaat kesehatan dan dapat diolah menjadi minuman fungsional kaya manfaat.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PROGRAM EDUKASI PENANAMAN TANAMAN OBAT KELUARGA (TOGA) DI DESA PURWODADI, KECAMATAN WAY SULAN, KABUPATEN LAMPUNG SELATAN
Authors: Sylvia Teny , Denisman Pasaribu Tri , Bagas Andika Mochamad , Rizqy Harahap Miftah , Shorim Ar Giffary Muhammad , Alfarisi Salman , Putri Khairunnisa Zalfa , Michael Sarumaha Joseph , Febila Nasikin Jesika , Novalendra Gaizka , Komala Dewi Julia , Alfaridho Muhammad , Bima Sobirin Muhammad , Fitriyani Nefa , Fuady Aziz Zakian Nur , Desty Safitri Regif
Published: September 2023

Pengabdian dalam bentuk pemberdayaan masyarakat dilakukan di Desa Purwodadi dengan skema kegiatan KKN-PPM yang dilaksanakan oleh kelompok 138. Pada pelaksanaan pengabdian masyarakat ini, salah satu aspek yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan manusia adalah kesehatan sehingga salah satu program kerja utama adalah Penanaman Tanaman Obat Keluarga (TOGA). Tanaman obat keluarga adalah jenis tanaman yang dapat ditanam di lahan pekarangan rumah yang dipergunakan untuk memenuhi keperluan obat-obatan keluarga yang dapat dibuat sendiri tanpa campuran kimia. Tanaman obat keluarga bertujuan agar masyarakat sehat dengan memanfaatkan TOGA sebagai sumber penyediaan obat-obatan tradisional dan masyarakat mendapatkan pertolongan pertama dengan memanfaatkan tanaman yang ada di sekitarnya. Hal ini karena pada dasarnya setiap tanaman memiliki manfaatnya masing-masing. Metode yang dilakukan dari kegiatan penanaman tanaman obat keluarga ini dimulai dari sosialisasi, diskusi dan tanya jawab, gotong royong, monitoring, dan evaluasi. Berdasarkan hasil kegiatan penanaman tanaman obat keluarga tersebut didapat indikator capaian yaitu pemahaman masyarakat tentang jenis-jenis tanaman obat keluarga yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan, pengetahuan terkait cara penanaman tanaman obat keluarga yang baik dan benar, serta kemampuan dalam mengolah tanaman obat keluarga dengan baik.

Kata Kunci: Kuliah Kerja Nyata, Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Tanaman Obat Keluarga
KEMAJUAN DESA TEBAT LAUT MELALUI PENGEMBANGAN WEBSITE DESA
Authors: Amirizal  , Ilan Aprianto Ahmad , Sugara, S.Kel., M.Si Ayub
Published: September 2023

Kegiatan ini merupakan bentuk implementasi dari program kerja kelompok Kuliah Kerja Nyata (KKN) Periode 97 Kelompok 49 Universitas Bengkulu yang dilaksanakan di Desa Tebat Laut, Kecamatan Seberang Musi, Kabupaten Kepahiang. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan potensi Desa Tebat Laut pada bidang pemasaran dan percepatan akses dan pelayanan publik, perekonomian, pendidikan dan potensi wisata melalui digitalisasi desa untuk menciptakan desa maju yang sesuai dengan perkembangan zaman yang penuh dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi (IPTEK). Program kerja ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan metode observasi sistematik non-partisipasi yang mana dalam menyiapkan bahan yang diperlukan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan diperlukan suatu persiapan yang matang agar ilmu yang hendak disampaikan pada masyarakat atau perangkat desa (sebagai sasaran kegiatan) dapat terlaksana dengan baik. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan bahwa (1) adanya website desa tersebut dapat mempermudah khalayak umum dalam mengakses informasi mengenai desa hingga membuka potensi yang lebih luas agar desa dapat dikenal luas oleh masyarakat dan (2) meningkatkan kinerja perangkat desa dalam hal memanfaatkan IPTEK untuk penggunaan dan pengelolaan website desa dengan tujuan mencapai desa maju yang cakap akan teknologi. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan ini telah menghasilkan luaran berupa website desa yang sudah dapat dioperasikan dan diakses sehingga berdampak terhadap pengelolaan sistem informasi pada desa terutama di Desa Tebat Laut.
Optimization for Green Container Shipping: A Review and Future Research Directions
Authors: KURTULUŞ Ercan
Published: September 2023

Maritime freight transportation is one of the least emissions-producing transportation alternatives in terms of transported tonnage per distance. However, it produces a high amount of emissions as around 80% of international freight transportation is conducted through seas and 20% of maritime transportation is conducted through container shipping. This makes it crucial to reduce emissions in container shipping. In this regard, this study reviewed previous studies on the environmental optimization of container shipping and identified various future research directions. The results showed that in the sea segment of environmental optimization of container shipping, decisions which require further attention include resource allocation, emission reduction technology choice, disruption recovery, freight rate optimization, and shipment scheduling. The decisions that require future research in the port segment are related to internal transportation and handing operations in container terminals (i.e., yard crane deployment, yard truck deployment, yard truck scheduling, yard container stack allocation, yard container retrieval), renewable energy source installation, and emission reduction technology choice. Vessel scheduling and speed optimization decisions are the most frequently studied decisions in the sea segment, but they are rarely considered for inland shipping of containers. In the sea-port combined segment of container shipping, future studies are required in quay crane scheduling, vessel scheduling, container route allocation, ship route allocation vessel deployment, and emission reduction technology choice. The least studied decision in the door-to-door segment of container shipping includes hub location-allocation, empty container relocation, ship route allocation, vessel deployment, environmental taxation and subsidy scheme, emissions reduction technology choice, and speed optimization. It was also demonstrated that modeling of future studies should more frequently consider uncertainties and social sustainability parameters.
The Chemical Composition, Sensory Properties, and Myofibrillar Proteins of Surimi Produced From Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Meat
Authors: BUYRUK Güneş , ÇELİK Mehmet , KÜÇÜKGÜLMEZ Aygül , KADAK Ali Eslem
Published: September 2023

Surimi, which is defined as the semi-processed minced meat of aquatic products that are discarded or have little fresh consumption, is usually offered for consumption by being made similar to valuable aquatic products such as shrimp, lobster tail, crab legs, and scallops. In this study, the chemical composition, myofibrillar proteins, and sensory properties of surimi manufactured from tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) meat were investigated. Four study groups were created with different spice additives: red pepper, dill, thyme, and control (additive-free). Chemical composition analysis results of surimi were determined as total protein 12.85%, lipid 0.53%, ash 0.36%, moisture 86.59%, and myofibrillar protein 11.93%. Moreover, all groups were offered panelists to perform sensory analysis. At the end of the sensory evaluation, the groups received between 5.5 and 8.8 points on a 10-point scale from panelists regarding appearance, odor, chewiness, juiciness, taste and flavor, and overall acceptance. There were no differences between experimental groups in terms of appearance, odor, chewiness, and juiciness. However, statistical differences were observed between groups for taste and flavor as well as overall acceptance (p<0.05).
A Study on Safe Navigation Towards Intelligent Shipping Considering Sea Conditions
Authors: BUDAK Gökhan
Published: September 2023

A mathematical model is created to obtain safe navigation for ships in regular head waves in this study. To validate the suggested model, firstly, the added resistances are calculated for two different ships using empirical formulas in the mathematical model. Secondly, the turning test simulations are performed for calm water and in waves with various wave amplitudes. After these validation studies, the path following simulation of the ship to the target destinations is performed in both waves and calm water for the determined course. It is assumed that regular head waves affect the ship as an external disturbance. The wavelengths and wave amplitudes are changed systematically to understand their effect during the path following simulations. When the ratio of wavelength to ship length, λ/Lpp, is nearly 1.0, the path following simulation times increase. Moreover, when the value of wave amplitude increases, so does the simulation time.
The synthesis of novel lanthanum hydroxyborate at extreme conditions
Authors: Ibragimova Olga , Vaquero Lia , Hussein Zain , Drozd Vadym , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Chuvashova Irina
Published: September 2023

The novel structure of lanthanum hydroxyborate La2B2O5(OH)2 was synthesized by the reaction of partially hydrolyzed lanthanum and boron oxide in a diamond anvil cell under high-pressure/high-temperature (HPHT) conditions of 30 GPa and ∼2,400 K. The single-crystal X-ray structure determination of the lanthanum hydroxyborate revealed: P3¯c1, a = 6.555(2) Å, c = 17.485(8) Å, Z = 6, R1 = 0.056. The three-dimensional structure consists of discrete planar BO3 groups and three crystallographically different La ions: one is surrounded by 9, one by 10, and one by 12 oxygen anions. The band gap was estimated using ab initio calculations to be 4.64 eV at ambient pressure and 5.26 eV at 30 GPa. The current work describes the novel HPHT lanthanum hydroxyborate with potential application as a deep-ultraviolet birefringent material.
Social interaction, support preferences, and the use of wearable health trackers
Authors: Pennington Natalie , Dam Linda
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Drawing on uses and gratifications theory, social cognitive theory, and related work, this research assessed how social factors relate to reported weekly use and behavioral intentions toward the use of wearable health trackers (WHT).

Methods

Through two studies we surveyed current users of WHT, including smartwatches, to better understand what factors encouraged engagement. Study One (N = 333) consisted of a college student sample. Study Two (N = 319) was conducted through an online panel from Prolific.

Results

For Study One, results suggested that connection, social comparison, and one's comfort with seeking support predicted weekly use, while need for support was a negative predictor of device use. In terms of behavioral intentions, connection and one's comfort with seeking support remained positive predictors. For Study Two, only one's comfort with seeking support predicted weekly use, while one's comfort with seeking support and social sharing both predicted behavioral intentions. Additional analysis in Study Two comparing users of dedicated WHT and smartwatches also found differences in terms of behavioral intentions and social sharing.

Discussion

Collectively, the two studies offer insight into what social factors contribute to the use of WHT, including evidence that one's need for support for exercise may serve as a barrier to WHT use.
Prediction of formation pressure based on numerical simulation of in-situ stress field: a case study of the Longmaxi formation shale in the Nanchuan area, eastern Chongqing, China
Authors: Zhang Douzhong , Chen Kongquan , Tang Jiguang , Liu Ming , Zhang Peixian , He Guisong , Cai Jun , Tuo Xiusong
Published: September 2023

The in-situ stress and formation pressure are important parameters in shale gas development. They directly affect the well wall stability, the direction of horizontal well drilling, and the fracturing effect during the shale gas development process. There are abundant shale gas resources in the southeastern Chongqing-Sichuan area, but the structure in the area is complex, and it is difficult to predict the in-situ stress and formation pressure. Therefore, in this paper, a finite element simulation model was established based on a large number of seismic, logging, and experimental rock mechanics data and the prediction accuracy of the stress field simulation was effectively improved. The construction of the stress field was based on the combined spring model, as well as the data related to the measured in-situ stress and the formation pressure obtained during drilling. The coupling relationship between the in-situ stress, the formation strain, and the formation pressure were derived to carry out the prediction of the distributions of the formation pressure and the formation pressure coefficient. The prediction results showed that the present-day maximum principal stress direction in the study area was about NE65°–110°, and the present-day maximum principal stress was 56.12–93.79 MPa. The present-day minimum principal stress direction was about NE335°–20°, and the present-day minimum principal stress was 48.06–71.67 MPa. The formation pressure was 2.8–88.25 MPa, and the formation pressure coefficient was 0.74–1.55. The formation pressure distribution was greatly affected by fault, tectonic location, in-situ stress and rock petrophysical properties, and the overpressure areas of the formation were distributed in the synclines and the deeply buried areas. This study shows that the finite element based formation pressure prediction method is effective.
Remnant cholesterol associates with hypertension beyond low-density lipoprotein cholesterol among the general US adult population
Authors: Shi Liu , Zhang Dongmei , Ju Jianqing , Wang Anlu , Du Tianyi , Chen Xuanye , Song Yewen , Gao Zhuye , Xu Hao
Published: September 2023

Background

Previous findings have indicated that elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and remnant cholesterol (RC) are associated with hypertension. We aim to explore whether higher RC levels may be associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population.

Methods

This study included 10,842 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. Weighted multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds ratios (ORs) of hypertension for LDL-C and RC. We also performed analyses examining the association between hypertension and LDL-C vs. RC concordant/discordant groups.

Results

A total of 4,963 (41.54%, weighted) individuals had hypertension. The weighted median levels were LDL-C: 118mg/dL, RC: 20mg/dL. At lower LDL-C clinical cut-point, the proportion of discordantly high RC dramatically increased. After multivariable adjustment, log RC was associated with higher prevalence of hypertension [OR 2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.17–2.99]. Participants with the highest tertile of RC were more likely to have hypertension (OR 2.18; 95% CI 1.89-2.52) compared with those with the lowest tertile of RC. This association remained marked after including body mass index (BMI), LDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) or triglycerides. The association between LDL-C and hypertension was absent after adjusting for BMI, RC or triglycerides. Compared with low LDL-C/low RC group, the discordant low LDL-C/high RC group was associated with hypertension (OR 2.04; 95% CI 1.72-2.42), whereas the high LDL-C/low RC group was not, regardless of BMI, HDL-C or triglycerides. Similar results were observed when examining discordance among different clinical cut-points, except for the cut-point of LDL-C 70 mg/dL and RC 13 mg/dL. To better understand the association, we performed an additional analysis, which showed that among participants with apolipoprotein B < median (92mg/dL), those with discordant RC ≥ median (20mg/dL) had significantly higher odds of having hypertension (OR 1.73; 95% CI 1.38-2.17).

Conclusion

RC was associated with hypertension beyond LDL-C in the general US adult population. This association went beyond increased triglycerides levels, and lipoproteins other than apoB may be involved.
Exploring the potential of freshwater algal species for biofuel production
Authors: Singh Vijetna , Ikram Sana Fatima , Tripathi Bhumi Nath
Published: September 2023

The present study demonstrates the potential of freshwater algal species collected from the natural habitats of Central India for biofuel production. Algal samples were collected from different waterbodies and were microscopically examined in the laboratory. Based on the morphological features using the taxonomic keys, a total of 51 algal species (18 Cyanophyta, 22 Chlorophyta, 7 Bacillariophyta, and 4 Charophyta) were identified. Among them, 18 algal species were successfully purified in the laboratory and tested for their ability to produce biomass and lipid, which are the essential criteria to be qualified as suitable feedstock for biofuel production. The data on specific growth rates suggest that Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus bijugatus, and Nitzschia recta were the fastest growing species, whereas all the members of Cyanophyta showed relatively slower growth. The biomass productivity was higher in C. vulgaris, S. bijugatus, and Anabaena sp., but the lipid production was highest in C. vulgaris followed by Haematococcus sp., whereas the members of Cyanophyta showed the lowest lipid production. Furthermore, we assessed the ability of biomass and lipid production and biochemical parameters of four selected algal species, C. vulgaris, S. bijugatus, Anabaena sp., and N. recta, due to their faster growth, higher biomass and lipid production, and abundance. Based on the cluster analyses of the values of lipid and biomass production of these species against internal N:P ratio, three distinct clusters were noticed, cluster 1: near 50:1, cluster 2: between 30:35, and cluster 3 between 15:20 cellular N:P ratios. High lipid and biomass productivity were observed between the 30:35 N:P ratio. Despite the metabolic significance of N and P for algae, more research is warranted to conclude anything precisely.
The causal relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory dermatoses: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Mao Rui , Yu Qinyang , Li Ji
Published: September 2023

Background

Observational studies have shown that gut microbiota is closely associated with inflammatory dermatoses such as psoriasis, rosacea, and atopic dermatitis (AD). However, the causal relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory dermatosis remains unclear.

Methods

Based on Maximum Likelihood (ML), MR-Egger regression, Inverse Variance Weighted (IVW), MR Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier (MR-PRESSO), Weighted Mode, and Weighted Median Estimator (WME) methods, we performed a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to explore the causal relationship between gut microbiota and inflammatory dermatosis. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data of gut microbiota came from the MiBioGen consortium, while the GWAS summary data of inflammatory dermatosis (including psoriasis, AD, rosacea, vitiligo, acne, and eczema) came from the FinnGen consortium and IEU Open GWAS project. Cochran’s IVW Q test tested the heterogeneity among instrumental variables (IVs). The horizontal pleiotropy was tested by MR-Egger regression intercept analysis and MR-PRESSO analysis.

Results

Eventually, the results indicated that 5, 16, 17, 11, 15, and 12 gut microbiota had significant causal effects on psoriasis, rosacea, AD, vitiligo, acne, and eczema, respectively, including 42 protective and 34 risk causal relationships. Especially, Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria at the Family and Genus Level, as common probiotics, were identified as protective factors for the corresponding inflammatory dermatoses. The results of reverse MR analysis suggested a bidirectional causal effect between AD and genus Eubacterium brachy group, vitiligo and genus Ruminococcaceae UCG004. The causal relationship between gut microbiota and psoriasis, rosacea, acne, and eczema is unidirectional. There was no significant heterogeneity among these IVs. In conclusion, this bidirectional two-sample MR study identified 76 causal relationships between the gut microbiome and six inflammatory dermatoses, which may be helpful for the clinical prevention and treatment of inflammatory dermatoses.
Heterogenous lung inflammation CT patterns distinguish pneumonia and immune checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis and complement blood biomarkers in acute myeloid leukemia: proof of concept
Authors: Aminu Muhammad , Daver Naval , Godoy Myrna C. B. , Shroff Girish , Wu Carol , Torre-Sada Luis F. , Goizueta Alberto , Shannon Vickie R. , Faiz Saadia A. , Altan Mehmet , Garcia-Manero Guillermo , Kantarjian Hagop , Ravandi-Kashani Farhad , Kadia Tapan , Konopleva Marina , DiNardo Courtney , Pierce Sherry , Naing Aung , Kim Sang T. , Kontoyiannis Dimitrios P. , Khawaja Fareed , Chung Caroline , Wu Jia , Sheshadri Ajay
Published: September 2023

Background

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) may cause pneumonitis, resulting in potentially fatal lung inflammation. However, distinguishing pneumonitis from pneumonia is time-consuming and challenging. To fill this gap, we build an image-based tool, and further evaluate it clinically alongside relevant blood biomarkers.

Materials and methods

We studied CT images from 97 patients with pneumonia and 29 patients with pneumonitis from acute myeloid leukemia treated with ICIs. We developed a CT-derived signature using a habitat imaging algorithm, whereby infected lungs are segregated into clusters (“habitats”). We validated the model and compared it with a clinical-blood model to determine whether imaging can add diagnostic value.

Results

Habitat imaging revealed intrinsic lung inflammation patterns by identifying 5 distinct subregions, correlating to lung parenchyma, consolidation, heterogenous ground-glass opacity (GGO), and GGO-consolidation transition. Consequently, our proposed habitat model (accuracy of 79%, sensitivity of 48%, and specificity of 88%) outperformed the clinical-blood model (accuracy of 68%, sensitivity of 14%, and specificity of 85%) for classifying pneumonia versus pneumonitis. Integrating imaging and blood achieved the optimal performance (accuracy of 81%, sensitivity of 52% and specificity of 90%). Using this imaging-blood composite model, the post-test probability for detecting pneumonitis increased from 23% to 61%, significantly (p = 1.5E − 9) higher than the clinical and blood model (post-test probability of 22%).

Conclusion

Habitat imaging represents a step forward in the image-based detection of pneumonia and pneumonitis, which can complement known blood biomarkers. Further work is needed to validate and fine tune this imaging-blood composite model and further improve its sensitivity to detect pneumonitis.
Demethylating agents in combination with CD7-targeted CAR-T for the successful treatment of a case with mixed-phenotype acute leukemia relapsed after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: A Case Report
Authors: Han Ying , Yao Hao , He Guang-cui , Lai Si-han , Deng Yan , Zhang Shan , He Ying , Xiong Yi-song , Chang Alex H. , Su Yi , Yi Hai
Published: September 2023

Background

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) has cured many patients with malignant hematologic diseases such as mixed phenotype acute leukemia (MPAL), while those relapsing after allo-HSCT still exhibit high mortality, poor prognosis, and no standard treatment modalities. It is necessary to explore more therapeutic modalities for patients with post-transplant relapse to obtain a better prognosis.

Case presentation

In this case report, a young male with MPAL received allo-HSCT after reaching complete remission (CR) by induction chemotherapy. Unfortunately, relapse of both myeloid and T lineages occurred nine months later. After receiving demethylating chemotherapy, myeloid lineage measurable residual disease (MRD) turned negative. T-lineage MRD turned negative after CD7-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. The bone marrow remained MRD-negative for 4 months. This case preliminarily demonstrated a long-lasting CR with CD7-targeted CAR-T cell therapy, allowing a better prognosis.

Conclusion

Demethylating drugs combined with CD7-targeted CAR-T cell therapy is feasible in treating MPAL patients with relapse after transplantation, with good efficacy and safety, which will be a promising treatment option for MPAL.
Cytokine dysregulation despite immunoglobulin replacement therapy in common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)
Authors: Poto Remo , Pecoraro Antonio , Ferrara Anne Lise , Punziano Alessandra , Lagnese Gianluca , Messuri Carla , Loffredo Stefania , Spadaro Giuseppe , Varricchi Gilda
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is the most prevalent symptomatic primary immunodeficiency. CVID is a heterogeneous disorder with a presumed multifactorial etiology. Intravenous or subcutaneous immunoglobulin replacement therapy (IgRT) can prevent severe infections but not underlying immune dysregulation.

Methods

In this study, we evaluated the serum concentrations of proinflammatory (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and immunoregulatory cytokines (IL-10), as well as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and soluble CD14 (sCD14) in CVID individuals with infectious only (INF-CVID), and those with additional systemic autoimmune and inflammatory disorders (NIC-CVID), and healthy donors (HD).

Results

Our results showed increased serum concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 in both INF-CVID and NIC-CVID subjects compared to HD. However, elevations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were significantly more marked in NIC-CVID than INF-CVID. Additionally, LPS concentrations were increased only in NIC-CVID but not in INF-CVID compared to HD. Circulating levels of sCD14 were significantly increased in NIC-CVID compared to both INF-CVID and HD.

Discussion

These findings indicate persistent cytokine dysregulation despite IgRT in individuals with CVID. Moreover, the circulating cytokine profile reveals the heterogeneity of immune dysregulation in different subgroups of CVID subjects.
A robust array geometry inversion method for a deep-towed multichannel seismic system with a complex seafloor
Authors: Li Jing , Pei Yanliang , Liu Chenguang , Zhang Liancheng , Luo Xiaohu , Liu Kai , Li Weilu
Published: September 2023

Deep-towed multichannel seismic exploration technology has better applicability and more development potential when utilized to invert the geoacoustic properties of deep-sea sediment. The accurate geometric inversion results of the receiving array are crucial for fine submarine sediment imaging and physical property parameter inversion based on deep-towed multichannel seismic data. Thus, this study presents an array geometry inversion method suitable for complex seafloors to address the challenge of precise source-receiver positioning. The objective function of the deep-towed seismic array geometry inversion is built using the shortest path algorithm according to the traveltimes of direct waves and seafloor reflections, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to achieve high-precision inversion of the source-receiver position. The results showed that the proposed method is shown to have incomparable applicability and effectiveness in obtaining exact source-receiver positions for deep-towed multichannel seismic systems. Regardless of the complexity of the seabed morphology, seismic image processing techniques using the source-receiver position data obtained by the suggested method produce fine seismic imaging profiles that clearly and accurately reflect the structural characteristics of sediments. These findings provide insights for the accuracy and reliability of the proposed geometric shape inversion method for deep-towed seismic arrays in practical applications to meet the requirements of near-bottom acoustic detection for fine imaging of deep-sea seabed strata and precise inversion of geoacoustic parameters.
Next-generation sequencing in dermatology
Authors: King Andrew D. , Deirawan Hany , Klein Paytra A. , Dasgeb Bahar , Dumur Catherine I. , Mehregan Darius R.
Published: September 2023

Over the past decade, Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) has advanced our understanding, diagnosis, and management of several areas within dermatology. NGS has emerged as a powerful tool for diagnosing genetic diseases of the skin, improving upon traditional PCR-based techniques limited by significant genetic heterogeneity associated with these disorders. Epidermolysis bullosa and ichthyosis are two of the most extensively studied genetic diseases of the skin, with a well-characterized spectrum of genetic changes occurring in these conditions. NGS has also played a critical role in expanding the mutational landscape of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, enhancing our understanding of its molecular pathogenesis. Similarly, genetic testing has greatly benefited melanoma diagnosis and treatment, primarily due to the high prevalence of BRAF hot spot mutations and other well-characterized genetic alterations. Additionally, NGS provides a valuable tool for measuring tumor mutational burden, which can aid in management of melanoma. Lastly, NGS demonstrates promise in improving the sensitivity of diagnosing cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. This article provides a comprehensive summary of NGS applications in the diagnosis and management of genodermatoses, cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, melanoma, and cutaneous T-cell lymphoma, highlighting the impact of NGS on the field of dermatology.
Genomic evidence of genetic diversity and functional evolution in Flavobacterium columnare
Authors: Han Rui , Hong Yuhao , Xu Ruilong , Guo Wenjie , Zhang Mingshu , Lu Zijun , Han Qing , Mo Zequan , Dan Xueming , Li Yanwei
Published: September 2023

Flavobacterium columnareis the causative agent of columnaris disease in freshwater fish. Columnaris disease can cause heavy economic losses in aquaculture. In this study, whole-genome sequencing was used to characterize this pathogen.F. columnareisolate AH-01 had a circular chromosome and plasmid that encoded a total of 3,022 genes. Isolate GX-01 only had a circular chromosome and encoded 2,965 genes. Genomic islands, prophage regions, and CRISPR/Cas systems were identified in both genomes. Both genomes presented evidence of gene variation and horizontal transfer, both of which are the essential components of genetic diversity, genome plasticity, and functional evolution. Single-gene phylogeny and comparative genome analyses were performed to investigate the variation and evolution of this pathogen. Genetic analysis of 16S rRNA and housekeeping gene sequences significantly clustered 55F. columnareisolates into four clades. The intragroup identity of the 16S rRNA gene exceeded 99%, while the intergroup identity was below the species delineation threshold. We discovered significant translocation, inversion, and rearrangement events that influenced local synteny within each group. Notably, the observed alignments varied considerably among all the studied groups. The core genomes of all strains with available sequences comprised 747 genes, corresponding to approximately 25% of the genome. Core genome multilocus sequence typing, genome-wide orthology and phylogenetic analyses, and average nucleotide identity suggested that the currently existingF. columnarewas an assemblage of several distinct species, with levels of divergence at least equivalent to those between recognized bacterial species. The present investigation provided genomic evidence of gene variation and horizontal transfer, which were the basis of genetic diversity, genome plasticity, and functional evolution. The findings supported a proposed new taxonomic perspective onF. columnare.