bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping under-five child malaria risk that accounts for environmental and climatic factors to aid malaria preventive and control efforts in Ghana: Bayesian geospatial and interactive web- based mapping methods
Authors: Aheto Justice Moses K.
Published: October 2022

Background: Under-five child malaria is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, especially among sub-Saharan African countries like Ghana. In Ghana, malaria is responsible for about 20000 deaths in children annually of which 25% are those aged <5 years. To provide opportunities for efficient malaria surveillance and targeted control efforts amidst limited public health resources, we produced high resolution interactive web-based spatial maps that characterized geographical differences in malaria risk and identified high burden communities.
Methods: This modelling and web-based mapping studyutilised data from the 2019 Malaria Indicators Survey (MIS) of the Demographic and Health Survey Program. A novel and advanced Bayesian geospatial modelling and mapping approaches were utilized to examine predictors and geographical differences in under-five malaria. The model was validated via a cross-validation approach. We produced an interactive web-based visualization map of the malaria risk by mapping the predicted malaria prevalence at both sampled and unsampled locations.
Results: In 2019, 718 (25%) of 2867 under-five children surveyed had malaria. Substantial geographical differences in under-five malaria risk were observed. ITN coverage (log-odds 4.5643, 95% credible interval = 2.4086 - 6.8874), travel time (log-odds 0.0057, 95% credible interval = 0.0017 - 0.0099) and aridity (log-odds = 0.0600, credible interval = 0.0079 - 0.1167) were predictive of under-five malaria in the spatial model. The overall predicted national malaria prevalence was 16.3% (standard error (SE) 8.9%) with a range of 0.7 % to 51.4% in the spatial model with covariates and prevalence of 28.0% (SE 13.9%) with a range of 2.4 to 67.2% in the spatial model without covariates. Residing in parts of Central and Bono East regions was associated with the highest risk of under-five malaria after adjusting for the selected covariates.
Conclusion: The high-resolution interactive web-based predictive maps can be used as an effective tool in the identification of communities that require urgent and targeted interventions by program managers and implementers. This is key as part of an overall strategy in reducing the under-five malaria burden and its associated morbidity and mortality in a country with limited public health resources where universal intervention is practically impossible.
Optimization of chemical fertilizer use was modified by smallholders’ livelihood differentiation through mediating effects of agricultural socialized services
Authors: Huang Qianni , Li Yajuan , Jiao Xiaoqiang , An Zhichao , Ma Ji
Published: October 2022

As the mainstay of global food security feeding more with less is one of the major challenges faced by smallholder-dominated food production. This challenge has become increasingly more daunting due to the development of smallholders’ livelihood differentiation induced by urbanization. Usually, smallholders take insure approach to food production on chemical fertilizer use, considering the time of part-time jobs. With the continuous improvement of agricultural socialized services, it remains to be verified, whether the impact of smallholders’ livelihood differentiation on optimal chemical fertilizer application will be mitigated. Therefore, we conducted a study in seven provinces of China with 1112 smallholders. Through the mediation model, we found that: (1) the amount of chemical fertilizer use by smallholders was generally higher than the economically optimal level. (2) Smallholders with differentiated livelihoods can significantly reduce chemical fertilizer application and contribute to maintaining the optimal economic chemical fertilizer application level through the mediating effect of agricultural socialized services demand, which is approximately 13.03%. (3) With farmer livelihood differentiation, the increase in smallholders’ demand for socialized services includes not only an increase in the probability of service selection but also an increase in the demand for service intensity and organization degree of the service providers.
Beyond the state of the art of reverse vaccinology: predicting vaccine efficacy with the Universal Immune System Simulator for influenza
Authors: Russo Giulia , Crispino Elena , Maleki Avisa , Salvatore Valentina Di , Pappalardo Francesco
Published: October 2022

When it was first introduced in 2000, reverse vaccinology was defined as an in silico approach that begins with the pathogen's genomic sequence and concludes with a list of potential protein and/or peptide candidates that need to be experimentally confirmed for vaccine production. During the subsequent years, reverse vaccinology has dramatically changed: now it consists of a large number of bioinformatics tools and processes namely subtractive proteomics, computational vaccinology, immunoinformatics, and in silico related procedures. However, the state of the art of reverse vaccinology still misses the ability to predict the efficacy of the proposed vaccine formulation. Here, we describe how to fill the gap introducing an advanced immune system simulator able to test the efficacy of a vaccine formulation against the disease for which it has been designed. As a working example, we present a fully application of this advanced reverse vaccinology approach to design and predict the efficacy of a potential vaccine formulation against influenza H5N1. Climate change and melting glaciers are critical issues due to reactivating frozen viruses and emerging new pandemics. H5N1 is one of the potential strains present in frozen lakes that can raise a pandemic. Investigating structural antigen protein is the most profitable therapeutic pipeline to generate an effective vaccine against H5N1. In particular, we designed a multi-epitope vaccine based on predicted epitopes of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase proteins that potentially trigger B-cells, CD4, and CD8 T-cell immune responses. Antigenicity and toxicity of all predicted CTL, Helper T-lymphocytes, and B-cells epitopes were evaluated, and both antigenic and non-allergenic epitopes were selected. In the perspective of advanced reverse vaccinology, the Universal Immune System Simulator, an in silico trial computational framework, was applied to estimate vaccine efficacy using a cohort of 100 digital patients.
CMTM6 and PD-L1 are independent prognostic biomarkers in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Becker Anne-Sophie , Zonnur Sarah , Zimpfer Annette , Krause Mareike , Schneider Björn , Strueder Daniel Fabian , Burmeister Ann-Sophie , Erbersdobler Andreas , Junghanss Christian , Maletzki Claudia
Published: October 2022

The predictive potential of immunological markers are not fully understood in head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). We retrospectively analyzed 129 treatment-naive HNSCCs for programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) and CKLF-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing 6 (CMTM6) expression, tumor-infiltrating leukocytes (TILs), and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). We evaluated mutual relationships among these markers, HPV-status, and overall survival (OS). PD-L1 and CMTM6 expression (combined positive score ≥ 1 and ≥ 5) was detected in ~ 75% of HNSCCs. The HPV-status had a minor impact on expression of either marker. Nearly all PD-L1-positive cases showed simultaneous CMTM6 expression in comparable staining patterns. Tumors with PD-L1 (p < 0.0001) and/or CMTM6 (p < 0.05) expression showed the best OS. A high density of TILs (p < 0.01), CD8+ T cells (p < 0.001), and a CD68/CD163 ratio > 1 had prognostic relevance. PD-L1 and CMTM6 correlated with density of TILs and CD8+ cells (Spearman r = range from 0.22 to 0.34), but not with HPV-status. Our results identify CMTM6 as an important interaction partner in the crosstalk between TILs, CD8+ T cells, and PD-L1, mediating anticancer efficacies. CMTM6 evaluation may be helpful for prognostic prediction and additionally serve as a reliable biomarker for selecting HNSCC patients eligible for ICIs treatment.
Unusual cause of fever in ulcerative colitis treated with infliximab
Authors: Shi Haitao , Sha Sumei , Wu Jie , Zhang Ming , Qin Bin , Yang Longbao , Liu Xin
Published: October 2022

Introduction
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease are at high risk for opportunistic infections, and fungal infections are relatively uncommon among various infections.
Case
This case is the first reported ulcerative colitis accompanied with cryptococcus neoformans infection after infliximab treatment. In the course of the disease, the patients had a variety of opportunistic infections, including viruses, fungi and bacteria.
Conclusion
This case highlights the importance of paying continued attention to opportunistic infections for patients with inflammatory bowel disease.
An easy-to-build transcutaneous electrical stimulator for spinal cord stimulation therapy
Authors: Alam Monzurul
Published: October 2022

Transcutaneous electrical spinal cord stimulation, a non-invasive, reversible spinal cord neuromodulation method holds tremendous promise and hope for the people with paralysis resultant of spinal cord injury (SCI) and other neurological conditions. Yet, there are not many options of such stimulation device compared to other successful electrical stimulators such as neuromuscular electrical stimulator (NMES) and functional electrical stimulator (FES), especially for most people around the world. In this report, a simple design and step-by-step prototyping of a transcutaneous electrical stimulator (TES) is presented to facilitate anyone with the modest technological knowledge to develop their own stimulator for the spinal cord stimulation treatment. It is, however, warned to handle the stimulator with highest caution and care as it can generate high voltage which can have adverse health effects, if not handled carefully. The entire design and source-code are shared online on GitHub repository: https://github.com/OpenXstim/OpenVstim
Origin of coda waves: earthquake source resonance
Authors: Liu Yinbin
Published: October 2022

Coda in local earthquake exhibits resonance-like wave behaviour where the coda emerges as long-duration small-amplitude vibration with selective frequency, slow temporal decay, and uniform spatial energy distribution around the earthquake source. Coda is thought to be the incoherent waves scattered from random small-scale heterogeneity in the earth’s lithosphere. Here I show that the coda in local earthquake is primarily attributed to the natural resonance in strong small-scale heterogeneity around the earthquake’s hypocenter through seismic wave field modeling for 1D heterogeneity. The natural resonance is evolved from the low frequency resonance (LFR) and is an emergent phenomenon that occurs in steady state regime. Effects of heterogeneity on the natural resonance are similar to those of LFR.
Conditional Inference on the Weibull
Distribution Parameters
Authors: M. Maswadah
Published: October 2022

It is widely known that conditional inference is usually just as effective as Bayesian inference based on the non-informative prior. However, it is less efficient than Bayesian inference based on the informative prior distribution. Therefore, the main objective is to find the conditional point estimates using the pivotal functions for the Weibull distribution parameters, based on the generalized progressive hybrid-censoring scheme, and compare it with the Bayesian estimates, via Monte Carlo simulation. The simulation results showed that the conditional inference is highly efficient and provides better estimates than the Bayesian estimates based on different loss functions. Finally, the proposed model could be important for analyzing real data to demonstrate the efficiencies of the proposed methods.
Exploring Indigenous Knowledge for Cattle Diseases Diagnosis, Treatment and Modes of Application
Authors: Asefa Mulgeta , Diriba Chala , Tesema Workineh
Published: October 2022

Indigenous knowledge is a localized knowledge that is acquired by locals through their experiences, informal experiments, and familiarity with their local environment. The knowhow of cattle diseases diagnosis and treatment practice using indigenous knowledge play a key role to improve farming and animal husbandry practices. The farmers of rural area use indigenous knowledge for diagnosis and treatment of cattle diseases, but currently this knowledge was disappearing because of not properly collecting, storing, sharing and applying. The aim of this study was to explore indigenous knowledge for cattle diseases diagnosis, treatment and modes of application. The exploratory research method was used and data collection instruments were focus group discussion, observation, and interview. The populations of this study were selected farmers of six (6) kebeles who have a good experience on the area. The attained data showed that, people in the study area have good perception and practices on the indigenous knowledge medicine of cattle diseases diagnosis and treatment. The drugs of the knowledge practices are easy to access and very little in cost, it is economically important to the farmers. The knowledge practices were accessed from elders and transferred through orally. To acquire, share, store indigenous knowledge medicine, local herbalist, poem and heroic tale mechanisms were used. This kind of valuable knowledge need to be stored, transferred and preserved for the next generation. Documenting indigenous knowledge is very crucial to avoid the loss of this indigenous knowledge practices in the kebeles.
LncND5 encoded by mitochondrial genomes regulating mitochondrial autophagy via activation of complex Ⅰ and binding to HMGCS1
Authors: Bai June , He Suyu , wang Xiaoying , Zhang Lixin , Ma Cui , Guan Xiaoyu , Yuan Hao , Mei Jian , Zhu Xiangrui , Yu Hang , Gao Danni , Zhu Daling
Published: October 2022

Background
Mitophagy is a major determinant for pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell (PASMC) proliferation in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Accumulating evidence shows that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) encoded by nucleus are powerful regulators of mitophagy process in various diseases. However, the role of mitochondrial genome-encoded noncoding RNA, LncND5, in PH is poorly studied.
Methods
We performed quantitative real-time PCR, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence analysis to determine LncND5 expression in human PASMCs. The corresponding biological functions were mainly assessed using western blot, immunofluorescence, JC-1 staining and transmission electron microscopy in human PASMCs. RNA pull-down, RNA immunoprecipitation, flow cytometry and immunofluorescence identified the mechanism of LncND5 regulate mitophagy.
Results
we found that mitochondrial lncRNA is, LncND5, repressed by exposing hypoxia. Mechanistically, LncND5 activate complex Ⅰ by combining with MT-ND5 at the 1086-1159bp of LncND5 in mitochondria to regulate release of mitochondria ROS, leading to mitophagy. In addition, LncND5 represses mitophagy by directly interacting with HMGCS1 in cytoplasm. Then we demonstrated that LncND5 was translocated from mitochondria to cytoplasm via TDP-43.
Conclusions
The study uncovers the regulatory mechanism of a new lncRNA encoded by mitochondrial genome, LncND5, in PASMC mitophagy by binding to MT-ND5 at the 1086-1159bp of LncND5 in mitochondria. In addition, LncND5 regulates mitophagy by directly interacting with HMGCS1 in cytoplasm. TDP-43 as a transporter mediate LncND5 translocating from mitochondria to cytoplasm. Altogether, our findings suggest that targeting LncND5 may be a potential therapeutic target for mitophagy-related diseases, including PH.
Before surgery, what percentage of patients are aware of and fearful of anesthesia and its complications?
Authors: Othman Mohamed Emad Eldin Medhat , Alkazaz Rawan Marwan , Rekmani Najwa
Published: October 2022

Background
With a huge increase in knowledge and the number of drugs accessible for usage, anesthesia has become one of the most sophisticated specialties in contemporary medicine. Anesthesiologists and anesthesiology are not well known, though. We must educate the public about the function of anesthesiologists in the medical system. The purpose of the current study was to gauge participants' familiarity with anesthesiologists and anesthesia.
Material and methods
The research evaluated 300 adult patients and visitors to the outpatient clinics at the Damascus Hospital to gauge their familiarity with anesthesiologists and anesthesiology. An interview in their native tongue was conducted over the course of three months with the use of a pre-structured questionnaire. SPSS version 17 was used to analyze the data.
Results
The majority of the people in our survey had no idea what anesthesiologists did, how they helped with OT and the healing process after surgery, or even that anesthesiology was a distinct field of study. They were familiar with both general and local anesthetic procedures. and it has a substantial (P < 0.05) relationship with sex.
Conclusion
The general public is unaware of the functions that anesthesiologists perform. For future advancement, we need fresher ideas for professional and public education.
UTAUT Factors Influencing Perception & Behavioral Intention of Learners & Lecturers Towards Adoption of Online Classes During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Udang Lester Naces
Published: October 2022

In the advent of COVID-19, an institution revisits the revised UTAUT (Unified Theory of Acceptance & Use of Technology) in its interest to identify factors that encourage positive perception and behavioral intention towards studying online classes among its undergraduate learners and university lecturers. In doing so, a non-experimental, non-probabilistic, quantitative study gathered online surveys from voluntary 580 samples. Data was later evaluated through the Exploratory Structural Equation Model (ESEM). Results suggested that Performance Expectancy & Facilitating Conditions influenced Attitude, and Effort Expectancy & Social Influence influenced Behavioral Intention – in both groups. Performance Expectancy over Behavioral Intention and Social Influence over Attitude were especially significant among learners; while, Effort Expectancy on Attitude was particularly significant among lecturers. Also, surprisingly, a disconnect among Facilitating Conditions & Behavioral Intention; Attitude & Behavioral Intention were shown in this study. Practical implications on technology acceptance would contribute significantly towards better adoption of online classes during this pandemic.
Cool Temperature Induction of Brown Center in ‘Russet Burbank’ Potatoes1
Authors: Van Denburgh Roy W. , Hiller L. K. , Koller D. C.
Published: October 2022

A study was conducted to determine if subjecting potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L. cv. Russet Burbank) to cool growing temperatures during and shortly after tuber formation would induce the development of brown center or hollow heart. Plants were moved at weekly intervals following tuber initiation from warm growing conditions into a 3-week cool environment (10° nights/18°C days). Plants were then returned to warm conditions (18° nights/23° days) for a period of several weeks and harvested. Those plants given the 3-week cool treatment or grown continuously in the cool after tuber initiation showed a significantly higher incidence of brown center.
Horticulture's Third Era
Authors: Wortman Sterling
Published: October 2022

It is a pleasure for me to discuss aspects of the future of horticultural science. And I consider it an honor to contribute this essay on the occasion of the 75th Anniversary of ASHS. The American Society of Horticultural Science is a distinguished organization with a rich history of accomplishments, both in fundamental science and in the application of results for the betterment of human life.
Three Remarkable Generations of Postharvest Horticulture1
Authors: Dewey D. H.
Published: October 2022

The casual observer might assume that members of the American Society for Horticultural Science have developed only a recent interest in postharvest horticulture. This is not true; early members of the society were as much interested in the characteristics and responses of our harvested horticultural crops as they are now, or have been during the 75 years we are celebrating at this anniversary meeting. The early volumes of the Proceedings contain papers specifically directed to postharvest problems, for example, “Preliminary Report on Celery Storage Investigations” by Thompson (27) in 1915, “Notes on Storing Apples” by Gourley (12) in 1913, and “Chemical and Physiological Studies on Fruit Storage” by Magness (20) in 1921. Burroughs (9) in 1923 published on apple fruit respiration and Daly (10) related the ‘Jonathan’ apple fruit breakdown problem to fruit maturity in 1925. Early issues of the Proceedings carry listings of research projects by members. Volume 13 (2) carries at least 20 titles specifically dealing with postharvest work that ranges from shippping precooled strawberries in Ontario to the control of quality in hubbard squash in Vermont. A study of the factors influencing the keeping qualities of flowers was listed by Beal (3) in 1917. Subsequent volumes report the results of these research efforts. In the 17th volume, Magness (20) describes plans for probably the first laboratory, at least in this country, specifically designed for postharvest physiology research. It was located at Canton, Pennsylvania, privately financed and later used by Burroughs (9) in 1922 to elucidate what was later to be known as the climacteric rise in respiration.
Seventy-Five Years of Progress in the Nutrition of Vegetable Crops
Authors: Maynard D. N. , Lorenz O. A.
Published: October 2022

No records exist of the first instance of crop fertilization by Neolithic man. For that matter, most of the repeated events leading to horticultural practice in the first 250 years following colonization of the U.S. remain unrecorded. Of course one such incident, the lessons of Squanto in corn fertilization, is familiar to all.
Peach Tree Training and Spacing1
Authors: Reeder B. D. , Bowen H. H. , Aldred W. H.
Published: October 2022

Generally, accumulative yields of peach (Prunus domestica (L.) Batsch) increased with increasing tree density. Training trees to a “Y” shape and to a hedgerow was promising as a management tool. Fruit size was not reduced significantly by increasing tree density.
Environmental Data Acquisition—A Historical Perspective1
Authors: Bartholic Jon F.
Published: October 2022

Much research in horticulture and plant physiology starts in controlled laboratory conditions. Plant parts are examined to obtain an in-depth understanding of processes. Later, plant experimental systems are moved to greenhouses or growth chambers, where the plant can be observed under more natural conditions. But again, the general environmental conditions of radiation, temperature, and moisture can be controlled. For findings to be of use to society, our research must ultimately move to the field, where control over the environment is lost.
Light Intensity and Flower Development of Leucospermum cordifolium1
Authors: Jacobs G. , Minnaar H. R.
Published: October 2022

Flower development of Leucospermum cordifolium (Sa Lisb. ex Knight) fourcade cv. ‘Gold Dust (pincushion) in full sunlight, 30, 60, and 80% shade was unaffected by decreasing light intensity. Number of styles per flower head, receptacle length and diameter, and inflorescence dry weight decreased with decreasing light intensity; style length was unaffected.
Induction of Perfect Flowers on Gynoecious Muskmelon by Silver Nitrate and Aminoethoxyvinylglycine1
Authors: Owens K. W. , Peterson C. E. , Tolla G. E.
Published: October 2022

Silver nitrate at 100, 200 and 400 ppm and aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) at 50, 100 and 200 ppm induced perfect flowers on gynoecious muskmelon (Cucumis melo L. cv. MSU-1G) in the greenhouse. Some phytotoxicity was observed in plants treated with AgNO3 and AVG at the higher concentrations.
Cryogenic Preservation and Regeneration of Date Palm Tissue1
Authors: Tisserat Brent , Ulrich Jane M. , Finkle Bernard J.
Published: October 2022

Embryogenic callus cultures of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) were subjected to 0, −15, −23, −30 and −196°C for up to 3 months in the presence of a cryoprotective mixture of 10% polyethylene glycol, 8% glucose, and 10% dimethylsulfoxide. Revived cultures developed callus and plantlets.
Performance of Two Winged Bean Accessions in Florida1
Authors: Csizinszky Alexander A.
Published: October 2022

Winged bean [Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) D.C.] accessions ‘Chimbu’ and ‘TPt-1’, grown with seepage irrigation on raised, plastic mulched beds, yielded 10.76 and 6.81 mt/ha green pods. ‘Chimbu’ had a higher dry seed yield and tannin concentration, 1.49 MT/ha and 1.50%, respectively, than ‘TPM,’ 1.08 mt/ha and 0.72%. Both winged bean accessions had a long harvest season for green and ripe pods and were considered suitable only for home gardens.
Horticultural Progress at Callaway Gardens1
Authors: Galle Fred C.
Published: October 2022

The development of a large garden and recreational complex whose prime function is display, often does not allow time for research. In fact, even the word research is not permitted in many display gardens! This certainly was the case at Callaway Gardens. While the opportunity for research was ever present, the development of the Gardens took precedence. However the nature of the horticulture work on such a large scale calls for trial, evaluation and testing of plant materials, equipment, supplies, fertilizers and pesticides.
Educational Institutions Offering Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Programs in the United States and Canada
Authors: Childers Norman F.
Published: October 2022

This directory of institutions offering horticultural and landscape training in the U.S. and Canada has been assembled for use by ASHS members, administrators and teachers of horticulture.1 This effort is a part of the activities of the Education Division of the American Society for Horticultural Science.

The data are revised since the first publication in HortScience, Vol. 8(3), June 1973.

My sincere gratitude is expressed to the many horticulturists and others in the respective areas who assisted in this survey.

The listings which follow likely will have some errors and omissions with changing programs from year to year. Will you kindly notify the author of corrections in your area so they can be included as the listing is updated from time to time. Thank you.
Relationship of Prior Heat Treatment to Growth and Fruiting of ‘Thornless Oregon Evergreen’ Blackberry1
Authors: Converse R·H.
Published: October 2022

Propagules of ‘Thornless Oregon Evergreen’ blackberry (Rubus laciniatus Willd.) were obtained from mother plants grown at 37°C for 3 to 8 months. Subsequent field performance indicated that the number of floricanes per plant and the number of fruit per fruiting lateral of these propagules were not influenced by the length of the heat-exposure period. A subclone of this cultivar that has been heat-treated for 245 days and is free of known viruses is being released as ‘Thornless Oregon Evergreen-80’.
Promotion of Flowering in Spathiphyllum ‘Mauna Loa’ with Gibberellic Acid1
Authors: Henny R. J.
Published: October 2022

Spathiphyllum‘ Mauna Loa’ seedlings flowered after a single spray of gibberellic acid (GA3) at 250, 500 or 1000 mg/liter. Significantly more inflorescences per plant were produced at the 1000 mg/liter treatment. Severe flower distortion, consisting of either curved peduncles or spathes with extra appendages, was observed on 15% of all GA3-treated plants.
Fruit Firmness of Firm Tomato Cultivars Ripened in Storage at 20°C for Extended Periods1
Authors: Hall C. B. , Augustine J. J.
Published: October 2022

Fruits of the firm cultivars ‘Florida MH-1’ and ‘Flora-Dade’ and the less firm cultivar ‘Walter’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were harvested at the mature green stage of maturity and held at 20°C. After ripening at 20°C for 7, 14, and 21 days, ‘Florida MH-1’ and ‘Flora-Dade’ fruits were firmer than ‘Walter’ fruits. ‘Flora-Dade’ fruit were as firm at 21 days as fruit of ‘Walter’ at 7 days. ‘Florida MH-1’ fruit were as firm at 14 days as those of ‘Walter’ at 7 days. There was no relation between fruit color and firmness. A seasonal effect on firmness at 7 days was found for ‘Walter’ and ‘Florida MH-1’ but not for ‘Flora-Dade’.
Flower Cutting Practices for Greenhouse Roses Receiving Supplemental Irradiation
Authors: Tsujita M. J.
Published: October 2022

Flower cutting methods applied to Rosa hybrida L. cv. Samantha grown with supplementary high pressure sodium (HPS) radiant energy must allow for at least one 5-leaflet leaf below the point of cut. Cutting the roses just above the “knuckle”, a point at which the flowering shoot originates, significantly reduced the yield/plant compared to cutting roses at the first 5-leaflet leaf, when grown with supplementary radiant energy but not with ambient light.
NC50-7 Breeding Line, ‘Cherokee’, and ‘Mountain Pride’ Tomato1
Authors: Gardner Randolph G.
Published: October 2022

NC50-7, ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Mountain Pride’ are mid-season, determinate (sp gene) tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) developed at the Mountain Horticultural Crops Research Station, Fletcher, N.C. ‘Cherokee’ and ‘Mountain Pride’ are adapted to vine-ripe harvest for local market and shipping. NC507 is useful as a parent in breeding for firmness and crack resistance and, in addition, is the male parent of the F1 hybrid ‘Mountain Pride’.
Chilling Injury of Crops of Tropical and Subtropical Origin
Authors: Couey H. Melvin
Published: October 2022

Information regarding chilling injury (Cl) of tropical fruits may be found in recent texts and reviews (36, 27, 28). However, there is much additional information in widely scattered sources.1
Evaluation of a Gasifier Residue as a Container Medium for Woody Ornamentals1
Authors: Regulski Francis J.
Published: October 2022

A gasifier residue evaluated in combination with Canadian sphagnum peat moss (P), coarse sand (S), and/or pine bark (B) produced no deficiency or toxicity symptoms when used as a container media component for growth of Rhododendron cv. Redwing, Buxus microphylla Siebold and Zucc. var. Japonica, and Juniperus horizontalis Moench cv. Plumosa. Compared to the standard BPS, the BRS and BPR media yielded a larger boxwood. Juniper and azalea growth responses were similar on BPS and BRS. The present cost of the BRS medium is less than 1/3 that of the standard BPS medium.
Severe Postharvest Topping of High-density Peaches and Nectarines1
Authors: Young M. J. , Crocker T. E.
Published: October 2022

Third leaf ‘Flordagold’ peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] planted at densities of 1667, 2500, 3333, and 5000 trees/ha and topped (0.75 m) after fruit harvest the previous June yielded 13.4, 24.6, 19.7, and 32.6 MT of fruit/ha, respectively, compared to 0.8 MT obtained from non-topped trees planted at a density of 238 trees/ha. Topping of trees at 0.5 m reduced yield, compared with 0.75 m, at each of the 4 spacings. Yields of ‘Florida 3-4’ nectarines were 5.3, 5.4, 6.7, and 9.4 MT of fruit/ha, respectively, compared to 0.8 MT from non-topped trees. Fruit from trees topped postharvest were larger than from non-topped trees.
Stimulation of Root Initiation from Cultured Rose Shoots through the Use of Reduced Concentrations of Mineral Salts
Authors: Hyndman Scott E. , Hasegawa Paul M. , Bressan Ray A.
Published: October 2022

In the paper “Stimulation of Root Initiation from Cultured Rose Shoots through the Use of Reduced Concentrations of Mineral Salts” by Scott E. Hyndman, Paul M. Hasegawa, and Ray A. Bressan (HortScience 17(l):82–83.1982) figures 1 and 2 were mis-positioned on the page. The correct placement of the figures, along with their captions, appears below.
‘Sunrise’ Forsythia1
Authors: Weigle Jack L.
Published: October 2022

The arrival of spring is signaled by masses of bright-yellow forsythia flowers in much of east-central United States, but in more northern areas, the forsythia flower buds often do not survive the winter. ‘Sunrise’ is the result of our program to develop new cultivars with increased flower-bud hardiness.
Consumer Horticulture: A Psychological Perspective
Authors: Relf Paula D.
Published: October 2022

Popular folk wisdom has long indicated that there are psychological benefits to be derived from interaction with plants. The ancient Chinese are credited with the proverb:

If you would be happy for a day, kill a pig;

If you would be happy for a week, take a wife;

If you would be happy for a lifetime, plant a garden.
Selective Control of Trees by Pressure Injection of Herbicides1
Authors: Sterrett J. P.
Published: October 2022

Herbicides were introduced into the vascular systems of 20-and 22-year-old Chinese elm (Ulmus parvifolia Jacq.), pin oak (Quercus palustris Muenchh.), and 20-year-old white ash (Fraxinus americana L.) with a syringe-type pressure injector. Concentrations of triclopyr [[(3,5,6,-trichloro-2-pyridinyl)oxy]acetic acid] triethylamine salt ranging from 90 to 360 g/liter were as effective on all species with 2 injection sites per tree as the combination of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid) triisopropanolamine salt + 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid) triisopropanolamine salt at dosages ranging from 8 g/liter + 30 g/liter to 32 g/liter + 120 g/liter. Over 80% kill of Chinese elm tops occurred within 2 months after injection, whereas maximum kill of white ash and pin oak did not occur until the following growing season.
Precautions on the Use of Excised Shoots for Photosynthesis and Water Relations Measurements of Apple and Grape Leaves1
Authors: Lakso Alan N.
Published: October 2022

Excision of field shoots of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) and grape (Vitis labruscana Bailey and V. vinifera L.) for subsequent measurements of photosynthesis and transpiration in the laboratory gave variable and sometimes substantial errors, dependent on excision method, species studied and time of season. Water stress due to low water potentials caused obvious problems, but excessive turgor in shoots excised under water also caused significant errors. The method of shoot excision affected the water potential of excised shoots, especially if held for more than 6 hr.
Peach Fruit and Leaf Tissue Sensitivity to CGA 152811
Authors: Krewer Gerard W. , Daniell Jeff W. , Couvillon Gary A. , Smith Hurbert R.
Published: October 2022

Fruit tissue only was treated with concentrations of 0, 240, 360, 480, 600, 720, 840, and 960 ppm of (2-chloroethyl)methyl bis (phenyl methoxy) silane (CGA 15281) applied to 1/3, 1/2, and 2/3 of the fruit surface. Increased abscission of fruit occurred as ovule length increased from 3.5 mm to 13.3 mm when fruit alone were treated. Foliage sprays of the same concentrations with the fruit protected generally had no effect on fruit or leaf abscission. Application of 0.01 ml droplet of CGA 15281 to the abscission zone, peduncle, and fruit cheek caused little fruit removal, but produced chlorosis of the treated area on the fruit. The data suggest that fruit contact with CGA 15281 is necessary for fruit thinning.
‘Slobolt’ Mustard1
Authors: Morelock T. E. , Hall M. R. , Sustrunk W. A.
Published: October 2022

‘Slobolt’ (Brassica juncea (L.) Czemiak) was developed to provide a longstanding, smooth leaf mustard with improved color of the processed product. These traits will benefit processors and home gardeners due to improved color of the cooked greens and production stability due to slower bolting.
Marketing and Postharvest Management Characteristics of the North American Rose Industry.1
Authors: Prince T. L. , Robertson J. L.
Published: October 2022

Survey analysis of the major North American rose producers provided a profile of industry marketing and postharvest management practices. The role of the wholesaler in product distribution has diminished, as more than half of the firms now utilize some form of retail distribution. Although most firms perceived little industry-wide uniformity in rose grading, packaging procedures were uniform, with most firms packaging roses in units of 25. The use of floral preservatives has been widely adopted, as nearly 80% of the firms used preservatives in their production operations, but postharvest storage practices have not been optimal, as nearly 45% of the firms stored roses at non-optimal temperatures levels. Most firms indicated that roses last between 5 and 6 days; however, 47% of the firms indicated that rose vase life should extent to 8 days or longer.
Postharvest Effects of Ancymidol on Ficus benjamina L.1
Authors: Peterson N. C. , Blessington T. M.
Published: October 2022

Ficus benjamina were treated with ancymidol [α-cyclopropyl-α- (p- methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol] as a soil drench using 1.0 mg/15-cm pot plus 200 ppm spray. Plants were exposed to dark storage treatments (0, 4, 8, and 12 days) in shipping boxes before being held 4 months in a simulated interior environment (SIE) under 15 μE m−2s−1 photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) from incandescent (INC) lamps or Cool White fluorescent (CWF) lamps. Leaf drop was less for ancymidol-treated plants for all dark storage periods in comparison to untreated plants. In addition, leaf drop was less on plants held in SIE 4 months under INC lamps. Ancymidol-treated plants had better plant grade for all dark storge periods than untreated plants when held under both lamp sources and were superior under INC lamps.
Reduction of Onion Yields by Chlorothalonil1
Authors: Stoffella Peter J. , Sonoda Ronald M.
Published: October 2022

Ten weekly applications of mancozeb, chlorothalonil, or alternate applications of mancozeb and chlorothalonil were made on ‘Granex 33’ and ‘Texas Early Grano 502’ onions (Allium cepa L.). Disease incidence was nil in all treatments, including the unsprayed control. There was no significant difference between the untreated check and mancozeb treatment for all measured yield components. Alternating chlorothalonil with mancozeb significantly decreased marketable yield and size of bulbs. Chlorothalonil alone reduced weight and size of marketable bulbs by 44 and 34%, respectively. Alternate applications of chlorothalonil and mancozeb reduced these values by 27 and 23%, respectively. Response of bulb size to fungicides was affected by both cultivar and harvest date. Chlorothalonil had no influence on the rate of maturation, but it did contribute to yield reduction.
The Influence of Shade on the Growth and Nitrogen Assimilation of Developing Fruits on Bell Pepper1
Authors: Achhireddy N. R. , Fletcher J. S. , Beevers L.
Published: October 2022

Accumulation of dry mass, total N, protein N, and soluble amino acid N in the developing fruit and seeds of bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) was determined at selected intervals following anthesis. The importance of photosynthesis to the growth and nitrogen (N) assimilation in the developing fruit wall plus placenta (FWP) and seeds was evaluated by comparing the growth and accumulation of reduced N in nonphotosynthetic and photosynthetic fruits (covered vs. uncovered). The growth rate of the FWP and seeds was similar under both conditions. After 65 days of growth, the fruits kept in the dark weighed about 15% less than those receiving illumination; seed weight was the same for both treatments. Total N content of the FWP or seed continued to increase up to 55 days after anthesis. The FWP accumulated over 90% of fruit's total N, and there were no significant differences between covered and uncovered fruits. Protein N accounted for about 50% of the total N present in both covered and uncovered fruits.
Influence of Napropamide on Strawberry Growth and Fruit Yield1
Authors: Putnam A. R. , Hancock J. F.
Published: October 2022

Preplant-incorporated and post-transplant applications of napropamide [2-(α-naphthoxyl)-N, N-diethylpropionamide] were compared with 2 standard preemergent herbicides for safety on newly transplanted ‘Midway’ stawberries (Fragaria X ananassa Duch). Napropamide at rates up to 4.4 kg/ha caused no reduction in stolon or daughter plant production, or in rooting of daughter plants in the first season of growth. There was no adverse effect on fruit yield the following season when compared to hand-weeded controls. The plants responded similarly to the 2 application methods, except that slightly higher yields were obtained when all herbicides were preplant-incorporated.
Influence of Rootstock on Respiration of Dormant Stem and Flower-bud Tissues of ‘Redhaven’ Peach1
Authors: Werner Dennis J. , Young Eric
Published: October 2022

Flower bud respiration of ‘Redhaven’ peach [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] remained relatively constant during rest and increased rapidly after rest termination, but stem tissue respiration remained relatively constant. Three seedling rootstocks (Lovell, Nemaguard, Siberian C) had no significant effect on respiration of flower buds. Stem tissue respiration was significantly higher on seedling rootstocks of Siberian C on most dates, as compared to Nemaguard, with Lovell generally intermediate.
Zinc Accumulation in the Trunk Wood and the Development of Visual Symptoms of Citrus Blight1
Authors: Wutscher Heinz K. , Smith Paul F. , Bistline Fred
Published: October 2022

Thirty-one of 104 ‘Pineapple’ orange [Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck] trees on rough lemon [C. iimon (L.) Burm. f.] rootstock in a test in southeastern Florida developed blight between 1974 and 1980, when the trees were 5 to 11 years old. Visual rating of symptoms and sampling of trunk wood in April each year showed that development of elevated wood Zn (>5 ppm) and visual symptoms were simultaneous in 42% of the 31 blighted trees; 29% had high Zn in the wood 12 months before visual symptoms, 10% at 24 months, and 13% at 36 months before blight was detected visually. All blighted trees had higher wood Zn levels (7-25 ppm) than the healthy trees (1-6 ppm).
Infiltration and Movement of 45Ca into Potatoes
Authors: Arteca Richard N.
Published: October 2022

Immediately following vacuum infiltration of 45Ca into ‘Katahdin’ potatoes (Solanum tuberosum L.) the label was distributed within the tuber in the following manner: 45%, 20%, and 35% in the stem end, bud end, and middle section, respectively. Initially, the bulk of the radioactive calcium was localized 0–5 mm below the periderm layer. However, over a 60–day period, the calcium moved toward the center of the tuber. Temperature had no effect on this process.
Effects of Commercial Waxing on the Content and Composition of Total Wax and on Diffusion Resistance of ‘Delicious’ Apples1
Authors: Espelie Karl E. , Carvalho Simon C. , Kolattukudy P. E.
Published: October 2022

Chloroform extractions and chromatographic analyses of wax from untreated, washed, and commercially waxed ‘Delicious’ apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) from several locations in Washington showed that the commercial waxing process did not result in qualitative or quantitative changes in the total wax found on the fruits. Waxed apples were more resistant than the untreated apples to water loss before, during, and after 6 months of cold storage.
Seeding Dates and Field Establishment of Wildflowers1
Authors: Salac Sotero S. , Traeger Jayne M. , Jensen Peter N.
Published: October 2022

The effect of dates of seeding on the field establishment of 12 species of wildflowers was investigated from 1978 to 1980. Seeding in November yielded the highest emergence for Echinacea angustifolia DC. (black samson) and Penstemon grandiflorus Nutt, (shell-leaf penstemon). April seeding promoted maximum emergence of Asclepias tuberosa L. (butterfly milkweed), Lespedeza capitata Michx. (roundhead lezpedeza), Petalostemon purpureum (Vent.) Rydb. (purple prairieclover), Salvia pitcheri Torr. (pitcher sage), and Yucca glauca Nutt, (small soapweed). November and April were equally effective for planting Ratibida pinnata (Vent.) Barnh. (grayhead prairiecone-flower), Liatris punctata Hook, (dotted gayfeather), Liatris aspera Michx. (rough gay-feather), Liatris pycnostachya Michx. (thickspike gayfeather), and Heliathus maximiliani Schrad. (Maximilian sunflower). Plant emergence response to seeding dates was similar to plant stand response for each species.
Mrs. Smith Goes to Washington1
Authors: Larsen R. Paul
Published: October 2022

‘Granny Smith’, an old apple cultivar from Australia, is being planted in record numbers in Washington and some other states. It may be America's number 3 apple within this decade.
Chrysanthemum Height Control by Ancymidol, PP333, and EL-500 Dependent on Medium Composition1,2
Authors: Barrett James E.
Published: October 2022

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat. plants were grown in media with and without pine bark and treated with drenches of α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidinemethanol (ancymidol) at 0.25 mg/pot, (2RS,3RS)-l-(4-chlorophenyl)-4,4-dimethyl-2-(l,2,4-triazol-l-yl) pentan-3-ol (PP333) at 0.25 mg/pot, or α-(l-methylethyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]-5-pyrimidinemethanol (EL-500) at 0.0625 mg/pot, or two 5000 mg/liter foliar sprays of butanedioic acid mono-(2,2-dimethylhydrazide) (daminozide). Foliar sprays of daminozide controlled plant height equally in both media but drenches of ancymidol, PP333, and EL-500 were not effective when pine bark was included in the medium.
Effects of Osmoconditioning and Fluid Drilling of Tomato Seed on Emergence Rate and Final Yield1
Authors: Wolfe David W. , Sims William L.
Published: October 2022

Two presowing seed treatments—pregermination and osmoconditioning—were examined for their effects on emergence, seedling growth rate, and yield of ‘UC 82’ tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum mill.). Seeds presoaked in a −5 bar solution of polyethylene glycol-6000 for 7 days prior to planting and fluid-drilled pregerminated seeds had significantly faster emergence rates than the control. There was no treatment effect on total yield, but fluid-drilled seeds which had been presoaked in the osmoticum maintained a developmental advantage over controls throughout the growing season and had a significantly higher percentage of breaker-red fruit at harvest.
Effects of Aluminum-painted and Black Polyethylene Mulches on Bell Pepper, Capsicum annuum L.1
Authors: Porter Wayne C. , Etzel William W.
Published: October 2022

The marketable yield of bell peppers grown on aluminum-painted polyethylene was significantly greater as compared to that obtained from diphenamid herbicide or hand-cultivated treatments for 2 years, and black polyethylene for 1 year. Two plants in a hill planted in 2 rows on a bed significantly increased yields over double rows of single plants or single rows of single plants on a bed. Average fruit weight was greater from plants planted in a single row.
Urban Horticulture: Horticulture for Populated Areas1
Authors: Tukey H. B.
Published: October 2022

Urban Horticulture is a new area of scientific horticulture concerned with functional uses of plants to maintain and improve urban environments. “Functional uses” means that plants are used not only for beauty and ornamentation, but also as screens against wind, headlights, and unpleasant views, to influence climate, perhaps to reduce noise and combat forms of air pollution, for essential food and variation in human diet, and to improve the human psyche in densely populated areas. The constituent audiences for urban horticulture are people who utilize plants, primarily in landscape situations, including landscape maintenance and parks personnel, landscape architects, arborists, highway planters, nursery contractors, members of plant societies, and amateur horticulturists.
Inbreeding Depression in Rabbiteye Blueberries
Authors: Lyrene Paul
Published: October 2022

Three populations of 2-year-old seedlings of rabbiteye blueberry (Vaccinium ashei Reade) produced by one generation of selfing were compared for seedling survival and vegetative vigor with comparable hybrid populations. Over the 3 populations, the inbred seedlings as compared to hybrids averaged lower in survival (30% vs. 48%), length of 3-tallest shoots (46 vs. 72 cm), and largest-shoot diameter (4.2 vs. 7.2 mm).