bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Colonic healing requires Wnt produced by epithelium as well as Tagln+ and Acta2+ stromal cells
Authors: Das Soumyashree , Feng Qiang , Balasubramanian Iyshwarya , Lin Xiang , Liu Haoran , Pellón-Cardenas Oscar , Yu Shiyan , Zhang Xiao , Liu Yue , Wei Zhi , Bonder Edward M. , Verzi Michael P. , Hsu Wei , Zhang Lanjing , Wang Timothy C. , Gao Nan
Published: December 2021

Although Wnt signaling is clearly important for the intestinal epithelial homeostasis, the relevance of various sources of Wnt ligands themselves remains incompletely understood. Blocking the release of Wnt in distinct stromal cell types suggests obligatory functions of several stromal cell sources and yields different observations. The physiological contribution of epithelial Wnt to tissue homeostasis remains unclear. We show here that blocking epithelial Wnts affects colonic Reg4+ epithelial cell differentiation and impairs colonic epithelial regeneration after injury in mice. Single-cell RNA analysis of intestinal stroma showed that the majority of Wnt-producing cells were contained in transgelin (Tagln+) and smooth muscle actin α2 (Acta2+) expressing populations. We genetically attenuated Wnt production from these stromal cells using Tagln-Cre and Acta2-CreER drivers, and found that blockage of Wnt release from either epithelium or Tagln+ and Acta2+ stromal cells impaired colonic epithelial healing after chemical-induced injury. Aggregated blockage of Wnt release from both epithelium and Tagln+ or Acta2+ stromal cells drastically diminished epithelial repair, increasing morbidity and mortality. These results from two uncharacterized stromal populations suggested that colonic recovery from colitis-like injury depends on multiple Wnt-producing sources.
Computed tomography-based radiomics analysis to predict lymphovascular invasion in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Peng Hui , Yang Qiuxing , Xue Ting , Chen Qiaoling , Li Manman , Duan Shaofeng , Cai Bo , Feng Feng
Published: December 2021

Objective

The present study explored the value of preoperative CT radiomics in predicting lymphovascular invasion (LVI) in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC).

Methods

A retrospective analysis of 294 pathologically confirmed ESCC patients undergoing surgical resection and their preoperative chest-enhanced CT arterial images were used to delineate the target area of the lesion. All patients were randomly divided into a training cohort and a validation cohort at a ratio of 7:3. Radiomics features were extracted from single-slice, three-slice, and full-volume regions of interest (ROIs). The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression method was applied to select valuable radiomics features. Radiomics models were constructed using logistic regression method and were validated using leave group out cross-validation (LGOCV) method. The performance of the three models was evaluated using the receiver characteristic curve (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA).

Results

A total of 1218 radiomics features were separately extracted from single-slice ROIs, three-slice ROIs, and full-volume ROIs, and 16, 13 and 18 features, respectively, were retained after optimization and screening to construct a radiomics prediction model. The results showed that the AUC of the full-volume model was higher than that of the single-slice and three-slice models. According to LGOCV, the full-volume model showed the highest mean AUC for the training cohort and the validation cohort.

Conclusion

The full-volume radiomics model has the best predictive performance and thus can be used as an auxiliary method for clinical treatment decision making.

Advances in knowledge:

LVI is considered to be an important initial step for tumor dissemination. CT radiomics features correlate with LVI in ESCC and can be used as potential biomarkers for predicting LVI in ESCC.
Diverse imaging features of adolescent glioblastoma
Authors: Campion Thomas , Stoneham Sara , Al-Busaidi Ayisha , Kumar Atul , Jaunmuktane Zane , Brandner Sebastian , Kitchen Neil , Thust Stefanie
Published: December 2021

We highlight an unusual case of multifocal glioblastoma in an adolescent patient, manifesting as four discrete brain lesions, each distinct in appearance. Familiarity with the diverse imaging features of glioblastoma can reduce misdiagnosis and avoid treatment delays.
Developing theories and tools for resisting degeneration with the Worker Cooperatives' Network of Athens
Authors: Βαρκαρόλης Ορέστης
Published: December 2021

Η αποφυγή του συνεταιριστικού εκφυλισμου (degeneration), εκπτώσεις επί των συνεταιριστικών αρχών ή εφαρμογή υποδεέστερων ποιοτικά συστημάτων διοίκησης, είναι μια κλασική –εμπειρικά υποερευνημένη– πρόκληση που αντιμετωπίζουν οι συνεταιρισμοί στην προσπάθειά τους να παραμείνουν δημοκρατικοί και οικονομικά βιώσιμοι. Αυτή η διατριβή –βασισμένη στον πραγματισμό και τη μεθοδολογία της Έρευνας Δράσης– είχε ως στόχο να διερευνήσει σε βάθος και να υποστηρίξει ενεργά τις προσπάθειες των ριζοσπαστικών εργατικών συνεταιρισμών να αντισταθούν (καλύτερα) στο συνεταιριστικό εκφυλισμό. Προς το σκοπό αυτό, αναλύθηκε η μακροχρόνια εμπειρία της Δικτύωσης Συνεργατικών Εγχειρημάτων Αθήνας και οι εσωτερικές διαδικασίες δύο μελών της, τα οποία δραστηριοποιούνται στον τομέα των τρόφιμων, ύστερα από μοντελοποίηση των διαδικασιών τους κατά Viable Systems Model (VSM). Βασισμένη σε αυτήν την σπάνια καταγραφή της δυναμικής του συνεταιριστικού εκφυλισμού, προωθήθηκε μια πιο ολιστική ανάγνωση του και των αλληλοτροφοδοτούμενων προκλήσεων που ενέχει. Επιπλέον, οι παρεμβάσεις του ερευνητή, οι οποίες είχαν ως στόχο την προώθηση πιο αποτελεσματικών συστημάτων διοίκησης ποιότητας, οδήγησαν σε μια καλύτερη κατανόηση της πολυπλοκότητας του συνεταιριστικού εκφυλισμού και την αναγκαιότητα για πιο συστημικές -και όχι μόνο συστηματικές- παρεμβάσεις/λύσεις. Επιπλέον, ένα σημαντικό εύρημα ήταν ότι τα συστήματα διοίκησης ποιότητας των (συσπειρώσεων) συνεταιρισμών για να είναι λειτουργικά απαιτείται να λαμβάνεται περισσότερη υπόψη οι ανθρωπιστικές φιλοδοξίες των συνεταιριστών. Τέλος, με βάση την μακροχρόνια εμπειρία του ερευνητή στο πεδίο, η έρευνα καταστάλαξε σε ορισμένες οδηγίες/εργαλεία/προτάσεις για τη συλλογική διοίκηση και τη συνεταιριστική ανάπτυξη και σε θεωρία η οποία εξηγεί καλύτερα τα εμπειρικά δεδομένα.
Saturation of the f-mode instability in neutron stars
Authors: Πνιγούρας Παντελής
Published: December 2021

Από τότε που προβλέφθηκαν θεωρητικά το 1934 και ανακαλύφθηκαν τυχαία το 1967, με την παρατήρηση του πρώτου πάλσαρ, οι αστέρες νετρονίων κατατάσσονται ανάμεσα στα τα πιο συναρπαστικά αντικείμενα στο Σύμπαν. Χάρη στην πρόοδο της θεωρίας, των πειραμάτων, και των παρατηρήσεων, πολλά χαρακτηριστικά τους έχουν κατανοηθεί, όμως η εσωτερική τους δομή παραμένει άγνωστη. Τα βαρυτικά κύματα που εκλύονται από ταλαντώσεις αστέρων νετρονίων μπορούν να βοηθήσουν στη διερεύνηση της καταστατικής τους εξίσωσης, δηλαδή της καταστατικής εξίσωσης της υπέρπυκνης πυρηνικής ύλης. Εξαιτίας της αστάθειας Chandrasekhar-Friedman-Schutz (CFS), ορισμένοι τρόποι ταλάντωσης του αστέρα είναι ασταθείς λόγω της εκπομπής βαρυτικής ακτινοβολίας, καθιστώντας έτσι την αστεροσεισμολογία βαρυτικών κυμάτων μία τεχνική που μπορεί δυνητικά να προσφέρει πολλές πληροφορίες για την δομή των αστέρων νετρονίων, ιδιαίτερα μετά την έλευση της αστρονομίας βαρυτικών κυμάτων. Αρχικά, το πλάτος της ασταθούς ταλάντωσης αυξάνεται εκθετικά, έως ότου επέλθει κορεσμός λόγω μη γραμμικών φαινομένων. Το πλάτος κορεσμού καθορίζει την παρατηρησιμότητα των εκλυθέντων βαρυτικών κυμάτων, αλλά επηρεάζει και την εξέλιξη του αστέρα νετρονίων εντός του χαρακτηριστικού παραθύρου της αστάθειας, δηλαδή της περιοχής του παραμετρικού χώρου όπου η αστάθεια είναι ενεργή. Η παρούσα μελέτη πραγματεύεται τον κορεσμό της θεμελιώδους ταλάντωσης, η οποία είναι ασταθής λόγω της εκπομπής βαρυτικών κυμάτων. Κάνοντας χρήση της θεωρίας διαταραχών δεύτερης τάξης, δείχνουμε ότι ο κορεσμός επέρχεται λόγω της μη γραμμική σύζευξης του ασταθούς τρόπου ταλάντωσης (μητρική ταλάντωση) με ζεύγη άλλων (ευσταθών) ταλαντώσεων (θυγατρικές ταλαντώσεις), οι οποίες απορροφούν μέρος της ενέργειας της μητρικής ταλάντωσης μέσω ενός χαρακτηριστικού μηχανισμού που ονομάζεται παραμετρικός συντονισμός. Το πλάτος κορεσμού των πιο ασταθών πολύπολων της θεμελιώδους ταλάντωσης υπολογίζεται εντός του χαρακτηριστικού παραθύρου της αστάθειας, για συνήθεις αλλά και υπερμαζικούς αστέρες νετρονίων, κάνοντας χρήση πολυτροπικών μοντέλων σε Νευτώνεια βαρύτητα. Σε αντίθεση με προηγούμενες μελέτες, όπου το πλάτος κορεσμού θεωρείται σταθερό, βρίσκουμε ότι μεταβάλλεται σημαντικά εντός του χαρακτηριστικού παραθύρου της αστάθειας και, συνεπώς, στη διάρκεια της εξέλιξης του αστέρα νετρονίων. Κάνοντας χρήση των υψηλότερων τιμών για το πλάτος κορεσμού, το σήμα που εκπέμπεται από τον ασταθή θεμελιώδη τρόπο ταλάντωσης είναι δυνητικά ανιχνεύσιμο από τους τωρινούς (δεύτερης γενιάς) ανιχνευτές βαρυτικών κυμάτων.
Θεμελιώδεις αρχές και κυρίαρχες τάσεις της κατανομής αρμοδιοτήτων στα ομοσπονδιακά κράτη
Authors: Τσίρος Διονύσιος
Published: December 2021

Στη διατριβή εξετάζονται τα συστήματα κατανομής αρμοδιοτήτων τεσσάρων ομοσπονδιακών κρατών: των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών της Αμερικής, του Καναδά, της Ομοσπονδιακής Δημοκρατίας της Γερμανίας και του Βελγίου. Στο πρώτο μέρος αναλύονται οι αρχές της αυτονομίας και της συμμετοχής των ομόσπονδων οντοτήτων στην άσκηση της ομοσπονδιακής εξουσίας. Στο δεύτερο μέρος υποστηρίζεται η άποψη ότι η κατανομή αρμοδιοτήτων συνάδει με τις αρχές της δημοκρατίας και του κράτους δικαίου και αναπτύσσονται η αρχή της κυριαρχίας και ο δικαστικός έλεγχος της κατανομής. Η ανάλυση ακολουθεί τη συγκριτική μέθοδο και καταλήγει σε ομαδοποιήσεις κρατών με κριτήριο τις επιλογές που τα θεσμικά τους όργανα προκρίνουν στα κατ’ ιδίαν ζητήματα. Στη διατριβή αναδεικνύονται δύο κύριες τάσεις: μια κεντρομόλος τάση που κατατείνει στην ενίσχυση των αρμοδιοτήτων του ομοσπονδιακού κράτους και μια φυγόκεντρος τάση ενίσχυσης των αρμοδιοτήτων των ομόσπονδων οντοτήτων. Οι τάσεις αυτές οφείλονται στις διαφορετικές ιστορικές και πολιτικές καταβολές καθεμιάς από τις εξεταζόμενες ομοσπονδίες, εξισορροπούνται όμως από αντίρροπες τάσεις με αποτέλεσμα το ομοσπονδιακό σύστημα καθενός από τα εξεταζόμενα κράτη να είναι αμφοτεροβαρές και ισορροπημένο. Τούτο οφείλεται στη συνεχή προσαρμογή της λειτουργίας των θεσμικών οργάνων στις ανάγκες και την πολιτική εξέλιξη του φεντεραλισμού.
Contribution of BCR-ABL molecular variants and leukemic stem cells in response and resistance to tyrosine kinase inhibitors: a review
Authors: Al Hamad Mohammad
Published: December 2021

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm generated by reciprocal chromosomal translocation, t (9; 22) (q34; q11) in the transformed hematopoietic stem cell. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) target the mature proliferating BCR-ABL cells, the major CML driver, and increase overall and disease-free survival. However, mutant clones, pre-existing or due to therapy, develop resistance against TKIs. BCR-ABL1 oncoprotein activates various molecular pathways including the RAS/RAF/MEK/ERK pathway, JAK2/STAT pathway, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. Stimulation of these pathways in TKI resistant CML patients, make them a new target. Moreover, a small proportion of CML cells, leukemic stem cells (LSCs), persist during the TKI therapy and sustain the disease in the patient. Engraftment of LSCs in the bone marrow niche and dysregulation of miRNA participate greatly in the TKI resistance. Current efforts are needed for determining the reason behind TKI resistance, identification, and elimination of CML LSC might be of great need for cancer cure.
Ethanol consumption during gestation promotes placental alterations in IGF-1 deficient mice
Authors: Martín-Estal Irene , Fajardo-Ramírez Oscar R , Bermúdez De León Mario , Zertuche-Mery Carolina , Rodríguez-Mendoza Diego , Gómez-Álvarez Patricio , Galindo-Rangel Marcela , Leal López Andrea , Castilla-Cortázar Inma , Castorena-Torres Fabiola
Published: December 2021

Background: During pregnancy, the placenta is an extremely important organ as it secretes its own hormones, e.g. insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), to ensure proper intrauterine fetal growth and development. Ethanol, an addictive and widely used drug, has numerous adverse effects during pregnancy, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). To date, the molecular mechanisms by which ethanol triggers its toxic effects during pregnancy, particularly in the placenta, are not entirely known. For this reason, a murine model of partial IGF-1 deficiency was used to determine ethanol alterations in placental morphology and AAH expression.

Methods: Heterozygous (HZ, Igf1+/-) female mice were given 10% ethanol during 14 days as an acclimation period and throughout pregnancy. HZ female mice given water were used as controls. At gestational day 19, pregnant dams were sacrificed, placentas were collected and genotyped for subsequent studies.

Results: IGF-1 deficiency and ethanol consumption during pregnancy altered placental morphology, and decreased placental efficiency and aspartyl/asparaginyl β-hydroxylase (AAH) expression in placentas from all genotypes. No differences were found in Igf1, Igf2, Igf1r and Igf2r mRNA expression in placentas from all groups.

Conclusions: IGF-1 deficiency and ethanol consumption throughout gestation altered placental development, suggesting the crucial role of IGF-1 in the establishment of an adequate intrauterine environment that allows fetal growth. However, more studies are needed to study the precise mechanism to stablish the relation between both insults.
The “Rotten” matter in A Farewell to Arms: An Ecological Gothic reading
Authors: NG LAY SION
Published: December 2021

This article uncovers the gothic tropes manifest in the “rotten” food, human bodies, landscapes, and rain in Ernest Hemingway’s A Farewell to Arms through an eco-gothic perspective. It demonstrates how the rotten food, the disjointed bodies, the broken landscapes, and the gothic rain can be viewed in the novel as counter-narratives against the narratives of war, the military, and modern medicine. The first part of this article suggests interpreting war as a form of cannibalism by exploring the representations of rotten food and the connection between eating and killing. Next, the author focuses on how the body is fragmented both metaphorically and literally by the discourse of war, the military, and medical science. The third part uncovers the non-anthropocentric consciousness embedded within the protagonist’s narrative, followed by the gothicizing and romanticization of nature in the fourth section. Here, the protagonist’s linking of the human body to the natural landscape, the descriptions of the gothic rain, and the romanticized snow—all these, as the author argues, can be interpreted as a collective resistance against industrial, anthropocentric warfare.
Peculiarities of Polish-Ukrainian Partner Cities’ Cooperation in the Context of Poland’s Public Diplomacy
Authors: Bogorodetska Olga
Published: December 2021

Polish public diplomacy is a multilateral instrument of foreign policy, which represents Poland’s soft power. Numerous and developed Poland’s public diplomacy activities are in post-Soviet states, especially in Ukraine. This country plays a specific and important role in Poland’s foreign policy. The main fields of Poland’s public diplomacy in Ukraine are those connected with cultural, scientific and educational, as well as development aid issues. Apart from them, there is another field that is less addressed and studied by scholars – cooperation between partner cities. Such a field could be presented and examined separately in the frameworks of ‘city diplomacy’ and as a part of public diplomacy as well. This article presents an analysis of Polish-Ukrainian partner cities cooperation, using public diplomacy as a tool for establishing mutual understanding between people.
When Reflection Hurts: The Effect of Cognitive Processing Types on Organizational Adaptation to Discontinuous Change
Authors: Alves Marlon Fernandes Rodrigues , Vastola Vincenzo , Vasconcelos Ribeiro Galina Simone , Zollo Maurizio
Published: December 2021

Technological breakthroughs, institutional disruptions, and natural disasters often alter the course of organizations and entire industries. Such discontinuous changes threaten organizations’ survival by affecting the value of the knowledge accumulated in routines and capabilities. Although it is widely acknowledged that managerial cognition is a critical antecedent of organizational responses to discontinuous change, the role of type 1 (intuitive) and type 2 (reflective) processing in the adaptation of shared patterns of behavior, that is, routines, remains understudied. Drawing on dual-process theory, we propose that particular features of type 1 processing render this approach superior to type 2 processing, especially in highly ambiguous environments in which information is limited and difficult to verify. We tested our hypotheses in a longitudinal experiment linking individual-level factors with organizational-level practices of routine adaptation. Experienced managers, paired in 80 groups, developed routines in a first round of a simulation game; in a second round, we then introduced a discontinuous change making previous routines obsolete in order to observe how they adapted. The data show that priming type 1 processing facilitates organizational adaptation more than type 2 processing by providing faster, more routinized, efficiently coordinated, and optimal responses. In addition, type 1 appears to be more functional in highly ambiguous environments, whereas type 1 and type 2 processes yield similar levels of performance under low levels of ambiguity. Overall, our study advances the understanding of the nondeliberative dimension of organizational adaptation to discontinuous change.

History: This paper has been accepted for the Organization Science Special Issue on Experiments in Organizational Theory.

Funding: This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (Finance Code 001).

Supplemental Material: The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2021.1517 .
How Consumer Brand Engagement Effect on Purchase Intention? The Role of Social Media Elements
Authors: Bilal Muhammad , Jianqu Zeng , Ming Junlan
Published: December 2021

This paper examines the effect on consumer-purchase intentions of social media marketing components, including entertainment, engagement, eWOM, and trendiness. The study was conducted among Chinese consumers who have social media account and are aware of the effects of social media marketing on consumer purchase intentions. Data collected data from 260 experienced social media users in Beijing and Shanghai. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) to evaluate the connections with SMM components, customer brand engagement, and purchasing intention. The findings demonstrate that interaction, entertainment, eWOM, and trendiness are core factors that specifically affect customer brand interest and purchasing intention. Social Media is a marketing medium in sharing brand intention. However, it remains to be seen how appropriate these components are for these purposes -related knowledge and its function to enhance customer brand engagement and purchasing. This research contributes to the development of a model that will aid practitioners and researchers in evaluating and explaining the impact of SMM on Consumer Purchase Intention in China.
Impact of State Government Development Scheme for Economic Empowerment on Community Dwellers of Anambra State Nigeria
Authors: Abasilim Angela Nneka
Published: December 2021

The study examined the impact of Anambra Government’s Grassroots Development Scheme on economic empowerment of community dwellers especially the youths and women, in all the local governments of Anambra state, in Southeastern Nigeria. The purpose was to assess the major beneficiaries of the development scheme and determine the impact of the scheme on the common people especially the youth and the women. The work is anchored on community development theory which emphasizes holistic approach to development through participation of all tiers of government, from the federal administrative office to the regional and local governments to community dwellers at grassroots level. Primary data was used for the study. The questionnaire was used for collection of data. The number of respondents for the study is 975. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. The result of the study showed that a lot of the common people benefitted from the grassroots development scheme of the Anambra state Government. The hypothesis stated was tested at 0.05 level of significance to determine if the development scheme was beneficial to community dwellers of Anambra State using one sample Kolmogorov Smirnov Z test and it was rejected because the p value was less than 0.05 (Z=0.6.913, p=0.00). The research findings also showed that the development scheme of the Anambra state government had also impacted positively on the people of the state, especially the youth and the women. The statistical significance of this result was determined using Pearson Chi square coefficient. The hypothesis was because the p value was less than 0.05 (χ2=887.779, df =125, p=0.00). The study, therefore, concludes that the first tier of the grassroots development scheme of government in Anambra state impacted positively on the life of the community dwellers of Anambra state, particularly the youth and women. The study recommends that more of such development scheme should be embarked upon by different tiers of government and other states in Nigeria should replicate same in their own states. This will be a way of boosting the economy, reducing unemployment, and diversifying economic activities.
O mar é uma pergunta
Authors: Maciel Katia , Cunha Analu , Luz André Sheik , Araujo Inês De , Flores Livia , Braga Nathan
Published: December 2021

Ao passar por momentos pontuais da trajetória da artista e pesquisadora Katia Maciel, a entrevista aborda temas e processos dos seus vídeos, instalações e performances: a relação amorosa, a cidade, a floresta e o mar são deflagradores de situações e associações entre meios e campos diversos. O interesse da artista por temporalidades simultâneas e situações sensoriais perturbadoras não deixa de reverberar uma indagação sobre o que pode ser o cinema e a poesia, sempre em diálogo com sua reflexão teórica sobre a videoarte e a questão da participação do espectador na arte contemporânea brasileira
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS, MULTILETRAMENTOS E FORMAÇÃO DO PROFESSOR: OUTRAS CRENÇAS, NOVOS DEVIRES / Digital technologies, multiliteracies and teacher training: other beliefs, new devires
Authors: Da Cruz Letícia Telles , Anecleto Úrsula Cunha
Published: December 2021

O artigo discute sobre o papel do professor no seu fazer pedagógico, a partir da reflexão sobre crenças e ensino de línguas. Para tanto, partimos dos achados da pesquisa de Cruz (2017), que envolveu professores de língua inglesa (LI) em formação inicial, em contexto de escolas públicas, no município de Conceição do Coité, Bahia, com o objetivo de problematizar uma das crenças mapeadas na pesquisa que diz respeito à centralidade do papel do professor de LI nas salas de aula de escolas regulares. As informações da pesquisa foram geradas através de uma variedade de dispositivos utilizados, que se delinearam em virtude da sua natureza etnográfica, longitudinal, qualitativa e social, tais como: questionários, entrevistas, oficinas, visitas in loco, narrativas. Os resultados revelam-se importantes para as discussões sobre implicações metodológicas e ideológicas da ação docente, em especial à construção do perfil do professor como um devir, a ser ressignificado no contexto atual de pandemia provocada pela COVID-19. Para ampliar as discussões, apresentam-se diálogos com bases teóricas sobre Tecnologias Digitais (TD), multiletramentos e formação de professor em tempo de ensino remoto, com o intuito de problematizar o papel do professor em tempo de ensino remoto emergencial. Espera-se, com esse texto, contribuir para a (re)construção de um perfil mais situado de professores de línguas, diante dos diversos desafios enfrentados pela Educação Escolar.
VIDA DOCENTE CONTEMPORÂNEA: ENTRE SABERES, PRÁTICAS, ANGÚSTIAS E SOFRIMENTOS / Contemporary teaching life: between knowledge, practices, anguish and suffering
Authors: Ribeiro Côrtes Thelma Christina , Nunes Diego Fernandes Coelho
Published: December 2021

Nossas jornadas como professores têm nos mostrado que muitos de nossos alunos, por exemplo, não almejam nenhum tipo de relação com o trabalho docente. Em nossa perspectiva, essa triste e alarmante constatação está relacionada a dois fatores principais. O primeiro deles é o atual cenário brasileiro que vê, nos professores, constantes inimigos da sociedade, não valorizando e respeitando seus quefazeres, em virtude de seu trabalho crítico e com vistas à democracia. O outro aspecto é o fato de a classe docente sofrer demasiadamente com um trabalho que há muito deixou de ser relacionado somente aos saberes pedagógicos, uma vez que o mesmo tem incorporado cada vez mais aspectos burocráticos e administrativos, levando diversos professores a um constante esgotamento, não só físico e mental, mas também emocional. Neste trabalho, portanto, através dos pressupostos da Linguística Sistêmico-Funcional (HALLIDAY, 1994; HALLIDAY; MATTHIESSEN, 2014) e do Sistema de Avaliatividade (MARTIN; WHITE, 2005; VIAN JR., 2010), analisamos três excertos de uma conversa informal pré-pandemia entre amigos professores, de modo a tecer reflexões sobre como a educação tem se tornado um mercado (PALMER, 2012), o qual tem sucateado o trabalho docente, trazendo sofrimento e angústias (CÔRTES, 2017). Este texto se configura, ainda, como um manifesto que visa alertar sobre a necessidade de se discutir a respeito dos rumos que a vida docente contemporânea no Brasil tem tido, bem como a urgência de se investigar o papel que as emoções desempenham no ensino e no trabalho docente (ZEMBYLAS, 2003; 2005).
“A PANDEMIA NOS PEGOU TOTALMENTE DESPREVENIDOS”: O TRABALHO EMOCIONAL DE PROFESSORES DE INGLÊS DO ENSINO PRIVADO / “The pandemic catches us totally off guard”: the emotional labor of English teachers from private schools
Authors: Oliveira Ana Claudia Turcato , Leite Patrícia Mara de Carvalho Costa , Coura Felipe De Almeida
Published: December 2021

Na atualidade, o impacto da pandemia da Covid-19 foi sentido por todos os setores da sociedade, incluindo o da educação, o qual precisou fazer uma repentina transição do ensino presencial para o ensino remoto. Essa mudança trouxe novos desafios aos professores do setor privado, exigindo uma maior gestão de suas emoções, especialmente por estarem imersos em uma sociedade neoliberal, fortemente instaurada em contextos educacionais. Desse modo, partindo do entendimento de que o ensino envolve emoções (BARCELOS, 2015), pois é uma prática emocional (HARGREAVES, 2000), o presente artigo discute os efeitos do trabalho emocional de dois professores de Língua Inglesa de escolas particulares de ensino fundamental, diante à pandemia do Coronavírus. Para tanto, este estudo qualitativo lançou mão de narrativas em formato de diários orais e entrevistas semiestruturadas, gerados durante o primeiro semestre do ano de 2020. Para tratamento dos dados, optou-se pela Análise de Conteúdo (BARDIN, 2011). Conclui-se neste estudo, que a lógica neoliberal reforçou o desgaste emocional e físico dos docentes, com a exigência disciplinadora dos eixos principais do neoliberalismo: produtividade, rapidez e lucro, ignorando o bem-estar docente e intensificando o seu trabalho emocional. Aponta-se, também, que o trabalho emocional pode fornecer subsídios para políticas de transformação educacional, no que tange às emoções de professores.
Violência armada e qualidade de vida: um estudo seccional na Estratégia Saúde da Família
Authors: Siqueira Janaina Moreno de , Sousa Ana Inês , Souza Norma Valéria Dantas de Oliveira , Carvalho Eloá Carneiro , David Helena Maria Scherlowski Leal , Farias Sheila Nascimento Pereira de
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: avaliar a qualidade de vida dos usuários da Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF) no contexto da violência urbana. Método: estudo transversal realizado com 93 usuários da ESF, em 2020, na região metropolitana do Rio de Janeiro. Como limitação apresenta-se impossibilidade de estabelecer uma relação temporal entre a exposição e o desfecho. Pesquisa aprovada pelos Comitês de Ética em Pesquisa (CEP) da Escola Anna Nery e, da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde da Prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro. Resultados: o domínio de relações sociais foi o de maior mediana (75,00), seguido do domínio psicológico (66,67), domínio físico (60,71) e por último o domínio de meio ambiente (56,25), valor de p < 0,001. Conclusão:  a menor média no domínio ambiente relaciona-se as piores percepções de qualidade de vida com condições de saúde associadas à violência no território, que traz danos à saúde e a qualidade de vida dos sujeitos.
Repercussões da COVID-19 e as possibilidades para promover saúde: reflexões com estudantes de enfermagem
Authors: Souza Jeane Barros de , Madureira Valéria Faganello , Friestino Jane Kelly Oliveira , Tombini Larissa Hermes Thomas , Tomasi Yana Tamara , Konrad Angélica Zanettini
Published: December 2021

Objetivo: compreender as repercussões da COVID-19 e as possibilidades para promover a saúde no enfrentamento da pandemia, na percepção de estudantes de graduação em enfermagem. Método: estudo qualitativo, do tipo ação-participante, fundamentado no Itinerário de Pesquisa de Paulo Freire, que possui três fases dialéticas: Investigação Temática; Codificação e Descodificação; Desvelamento Crítico. Realizou-se dois Círculos de Cultura Virtual em outubro de 2020, após aprovação do Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, com a participação de 23 estudantes de enfermagem de uma universidade pública do sul do Brasil, residentes em diferentes localidades. Resultados: discutiu-se sobre dois temas: repercussões da COVID-19 e possibilidades para promover sua saúde. Ficou evidente que os impactos da pandemia refletiram no bem-estar biopsicossocial e espiritual dos estudantes. Conclusões: é premente promover a saúde dos estudantes na perspectiva do desnudar sentimentos e anunciar estratégias para superação das dificuldades, com ênfase no despertar da capacidade de enfrentamento e resiliência.
In search of the completeness of the dialect dictionary: illustration
Authors:   Institute of the Ukrainian Language of NAS of Ukraine, Riabets Liudmyla
Published: December 2021

Modern Ukrainian dialectal lexicography is presented by different dictionaries. Except the actually lexicons in their classic variant, executed on scientific principles, have a row of dictionaries or glossaries celled after new principles today. Most short dialect dictionaries used small phrases as illustrations; the latest dialectal lexicons are compiled mainly on the basis of extensive narratives, records of spontaneous dialectal speech, and not only on the basis of card indexes recorded according to special programs. The study analyzes one of the parameters of the dictionary article of the dialect lexicon of explanatory type – illustration, in particular the selection of illustrative material and its presentation in the dictionary, reproducing the functioning of the word, typical connections in context, formal changes in current speech, constant inflections, phraseology, folklore texts. The analysis of the illustrative material presented in dialect dictionaries made it possible to single out the problems faced by the compilers of such lexicons. Adherence to the basic principle of modern Ukrainian dialectology – systematization in the description of language, the active development of textography gave impetus to dialectologists-lexicographers to create new lexicons on new principles.
Ukrainian song phenomenon (on material of song «noise» performed by band «Go_A»)
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Klieshchova Oksana
Published: December 2021

Purpose: to investigate the Ukrainian song as means of consolidation of nation and find out, what the phenomenon of the song «Noise» performed by the band «Go_A» consists in. Research is carried out by means of descriptive method, it is made theoretical analysis of literature, critical analysis of researches, it is applied the method of selection and systematization of material, the method of supervision, synthesis. Folklorists have already been studying the song «Noise» over one hundred and fifty years: 1) it was investigated by М. Maksymovych, B. Hrinchenko, М. Hrushevskyi and others; 2) the «Noise» is a very old Ukrainian vesnianka (spring folk song) that originates from pre-christian times and rituals related to nature, with its spring awakening; 3) the «Noise» is personification: well-organized energy, green forest, character of noise of the first spring greenery, God of the forest. Haivka (spring song) is the ancient name of round dances that was saved yet from the time, when our ancestors carried out ceremonial songs and dances in the protected groves round sacred trees. Aboriginal vesnianky (spring folk songs)-haivky are syncretic – singing and motion, words and action, song and dance are combined in them. Phenomenon of the song «Noise» that was presented on a song competition Eurovision by the Ukrainian electro-folk band «Go_A», consists in that on a background of «sleek and inexpressive pop songs» that sounded mainly in English, Ukrainian performers, leaning against old Ukrainian folklore traditions, offered to Europe Ukrainian powerful and catching «spring hymn» in a style of techno, that was perceived with gladness and fascination by European listener audience. Thus, firstly, Ukrainian haivka (spring song) became a world hit in 2021; secondly, the band «Go_A», keeping national identity, popularizes Ukraine, Ukrainian language and Ukrainian song; thirdly, it consolidates Ukrainian society; fourthly, it engages young people in patriotic education. Summarizing, it is possible to establish with confidence: 1) Ukrainian language and Ukrainian song are indivisible as they are organically interdependent and are the basic criteria of originality of nation; 2) the Ukrainian song as well as language unites nation; 3) we found out, firstly, that the old Ukrainian vesnianka (spring folk song) «Noise» became the basis of the song «Noise» of the Ukrainian band «Go_A»; secondly, we made sure that vesnianky (spring folk songs) and haivky (spring songs) were not identical concepts, as varieties of vesnianky (spring folk songs) are haivky – songs that were performed only in time of the Easter holidays; vesnianky (spring folk songs) are a cycle of spring songs that are sung from the Annunciation.
Occasional speech images in Vasyl Holoborodko’s poems
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Nikolaenko Iryna
Published: December 2021

The article «Occasional speech images in Vasyl Holoborodko’s poems» analyzes the use of individual author's neologisms in the works of the Luhansk writer. It is noted that modern linguistics has collected a significant number of theoretical and practical studios that present the issues of creating opportunities in various aspects – lexical-semantic, word-forming, stylistic, and so on. It is noted that the study of authors’ individual speech is updated today and is due to the fact that speech creativity does not only indicate a specific manner or reproduce the language picture of the individual’s world, but also allows us to assess the artist’s contribution to the system of codes that are already functioning. The material is taken from the collections of poems «We go», «Seeder» by Vasyl Holoborodko. It illustrates and finds out that ocсasionalisms in the author's works acquire a special function. They help to convey the mood of the lyrical hero. Ocсasionalisms are considered as means of expressive influence on the reader, actualized in the linguistics of the Luhansk writer. Analysis of the Vasyl Holoborodkoєі works showed that real masters of the word can not do without individual author's word formation. After all, the author’s innovations in modern poetic speech occupy a prominent place, and without a comprehensive study of them, it is impossible to talk about innovation in poetry in general. The word-forming process is continuous. Each word is organically motivated in the text, the stylistic expressiveness of which is enhanced by this.
The dangers of recreational inhalation of nitrous oxide
Authors: Wong Joshua , Viyasar Thevarajah , Layton Benjamin , Lauder Joshua
Published: December 2021

Nitrous oxide, also known as ‘laughing gas’, is one of the most widely used recreational drugs among teenagers in the UK. Copious inhalation of nitrous oxide may increase intra-alveolar pressure, resulting in barotrauma secondary to alveolar rupture. Pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema are common clinical findings in nitrous oxide-associated barotrauma. Prolonged nitrous oxide misuse may inactivate vitamin B12 through the alteration of its metabolism, causing demyelination of the central and peripheral nervous system. A spectrum of neurological manifestations has been reported, including peripheral neuropathy, myelopathy and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord. Medical therapies and psychosocial interventions aiming at nitrous oxide cessation are important treatment steps to achieve partial or complete recovery from the adverse effects associated with inhalation of nitrous oxide.
Screening for hereditary haemochromatosis in patients undergoing knee arthroplasty
Authors: Krasin Elisha , Gold Aviram , Morgan Samuel , Warschawski Yaniv
Published: December 2021

Aims

Hereditary haemochromatosis is a genetic disorder that is caused by several known mutations in the human homeostatic iron regulator protein ( HFE) gene. Abnormal accumulation of iron causes a joint disease that resembles osteoarthritis (OA), but appears at a relatively younger age and is accompanied by cirrhosis, diabetes, and injury to other organs. Increased serum transferrin saturation and ferritin levels are known markers of haemochromatosis with high positive predictive values.

Methods

We have retrospectively analyzed the iron studies of a cohort of 2,035 patients undergoing knee joint arthroplasty due to OA.

Results

No patients had HFE gene C282Y, S65C, or H63D mutations testing. In total, 18 patients (2.96%) of the male cohort and 51 (3.58%) of the female cohort had pathologically increased ferritin levels that may be indicative of haemochromatosis. Seven patients (0.34%) had serum transferrin saturation above 45%.

Conclusion

The awareness for the diagnosis of this disorder in Orthopaedics is low and needs improvement. Osteoarthritic patients undergoing knee arthroplasty should be routinely screened for haemochromatosis by iron studies and referred to genetic testing when needed. Level of evidence: Level III - Retrospective cohort study. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2021;2(12):1062–1066.
Samanburður á störfum og starfsánægju sérfræðinga í einkafyrirtækjum og hjá hinu opinbera
Authors: Eðvarðsson Ingi Rúnar , Einarsdóttir Arney , Óladóttir Ásta Dís , Minelgaite Inga , Gunnarsdóttir Sigrún , Guðmundsdóttir Svala
Published: December 2021

Markmið greinarinnar er að bera saman mat sérfræðinga hjá hinu opinbera og einkafyrirtækjum á starfshönnun (e. job design) og almenna starfsánægju (e. global job satisfaction) þeirra. Niðurstöður byggja á gögnum sem safnað var árið 2018 meðal hjúkrunarfræðinga, stjórnenda og verkfræðinga og bárust 342 svör og svarhlutfallið 32%. Starfshönnun var mæld á fjórum víddum, einkennum verkefna og þekkingar, félagslegum einkennum og samhengi starfsins. Niðurstöður gefa vísbendingar um að sérfræðingar í einkafyrirtækjum meta samhengi starfs síns betra en sérfræðingar hjá hinu opinbera en sérfræðingar hjá hinu opinbera meta einkenni þekkingar meiri í sínum störfum, einkum þörfina fyrir fjölbreytileika í færni og sérhæfingu verkefna. Þá eru einnig vísbendingar um að sérfræðingar í einkafyrirtækjum búi við betri aðstæður og aðbúnað á vinnustöðum og minni líkamlegar kröfur, á meðan störf sérfræðinga í opinbera geiranum kalla á fjölbreyttari færni og meiri sérhæfingu. Þá meta sérfræðingar hjá hinu opinbera mikilvægi starfs síns hærra en sérfræðingar í einkageiranum. Ekki greinist munur á starfsánægju þessara tveggja hópa, né á félagslegum þáttum starfsins, en báðir hópar eru að meðaltali nokkuð ánægðir í starfi. Niðurstöður samanburðar veita innsýn í flókið samspil starfshönnunar og starfsánægju sérfræðinga bæði hjá hinu opinbera og í einkafyrirtækjum og eykur skilning á því hvað laðar starfsfólk til starfa hjá hinu opinbera og viðheldur hvatningu starfsfólks þar til góðra verka. Niðurstöður gefa einnig vísbendingar um að bæta megi um betur varðandi samhengið og draga úr líkamlegum kröfum í störfum sérfræðinga hjá hinu opinbera.
Observations of nonlinear momentum fluxes over the inner continental shelf
Authors: Connolly Thomas P. , Lentz Steven J.
Published: December 2021

Nonlinear momentum fluxes over the inner continental shelf are examined using moored observations from multiple years at two different locations in the Middle Atlantic Bight. Inner shelf dynamics are often described in terms of a linear alongshore momentum balance, dominated by frictional
stresses generated at the surface and bottom. In this study, observations over the North Carolina inner shelf show that the divergence of the cross-shelf flux of alongshore momentum is often substantial relative to the wind stress during periods of strong stratification. During upwelling at
this location, offshore fluxes of alongshore momentum in the surface layer partially balance the wind stress and reduce the role of the bottom stress. During downwelling, onshore fluxes of alongshore momentum reinforce the wind stress and increase the role of bottom stress. Over the New England
inner shelf, nonlinear terms have less of an impact in the momentum balance and exhibit different relationships with the wind forcing. Differences between locations and time periods are explained by variations in bottom slope, latitude, vertical shear and cross-shelf exchange. Over the New
England inner shelf, where moored density data are available, variations in vertical shear are explained by a combination of thermal wind balance and wind stress. An implication of this study is that cross-shelf winds can potentially influence the alongshore momentum balance over the inner
shelf, in contrast with deeper locations over the middle to outer shelf.
Gravitational acceleration estimation with a nonlinear Mach–Zehnder interferometer
Authors: Esmaeilifar Leili , Ralph Timothy C.
Published: December 2021

We investigate the use of a nonlinear optical interferometer to estimate local gravitational acceleration. We study a Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) in an optical fountain configuration where a Kerr nonlinear medium is placed in the arms of the interferometer. This configuration allows the parameter estimation to exceed the standard Heisenberg limit of a linear interferometer. Compared to previous studies, we argue that this interferometer configuration is better posed and achieves improved precision for similar scale and pump powers.
Increasing a microscope’s effective field of view via overlapped imaging and machine learning
Authors: Yao Xing , Pathak Vinayak , Xi Haoran , Chaware Amey , Cooke Colin , Kim Kanghyun , Xu Shiqi , Li Yuting , Dunn Timothy , Chandra Konda Pavan , Zhou Kevin C. , Horstmeyer Roarke
Published: December 2021

This work demonstrates a multi-lens microscopic imaging system that overlaps multiple independent fields of view on a single sensor for high-efficiency automated specimen analysis. Automatic detection, classification and counting of various morphological features of interest is now a crucial component of both biomedical research and disease diagnosis. While convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have dramatically improved the accuracy of counting cells and sub-cellular features from acquired digital image data, the overall throughput is still typically hindered by the limited space-bandwidth product (SBP) of conventional microscopes. Here, we show both in simulation and experiment that overlapped imaging and co-designed analysis software can achieve accurate detection of diagnostically-relevant features for several applications, including counting of white blood cells and the malaria parasite, leading to multi-fold increase in detection and processing throughput with minimal reduction in accuracy.
Photonic crystals with split ring unit cells for subwavelength light confinement
Authors: Arnold Kellen P. , Halimi Sami I. , Allen Joshua A. , Hu Shuren , Weiss Sharon M.
Published: December 2021

Here we report a photonic crystal with a split ring unit cell shape that demonstrates an order of magnitude larger peak electric field energy density compared with that of a traditional photonic crystal. Split ring photonic crystals possess several subwavelength tuning parameters, including split ring rotation angle and split width, which can be leveraged to modify light confinement for specific applications. Modifying the split ring’s parameters allows for tuning of the peak electric field energy density in the split by over one order of magnitude and tuning of the air band edge wavelength by nearly 10 nm in the near infrared region. Designed to have highly focused optical energy in an accessible subwavelength gap, the split ring photonic crystal is well suited for applications including optical biosensing, optical trapping, and enhanced emission from a quantum dot or other nanoscale emitter that could be incorporated in the split.
Polarization-dependent Bloch oscillations in optical waveguides
Authors: Zhao Yao , Chen Yang , Hou Zhi-Shan , Han Bing , Fan Hua , Lin Lin-Han , Ren Xi-Feng , Sun Hong-Bo
Published: December 2021

Optical systems provide a new and practical platform for studying Bloch oscillations. This study investigates the fundamental-mode propagation of polarization-dependent Bloch oscillations. By using the three-dimensional properties of femtosecond laser direct writing, we fabricate a polymer-based gradient waveguide array and determine the Bloch oscillations under different polarization inputs by using the birefringence gradient and the equivalent refractive index, thus exhibiting a polarization-dependent Bloch period. Our results provide a new, to the best of our knowledge, paradigm for two-dimensional optical Bloch modes and highlight the influence of optical polarization in the same system, which provides a possibility to observe richer physics related to Bloch oscillations in one structure.