bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Media education in the common interest: Public perceptions of media literacy policy in Latvia
Authors: Rožukalne Anda , Skulte Ilva , Stakle Alnis
Published: June 2020

Although the academic interest in media and information literacy (MIL) is ever increasing, there are not many studies that analyze the public perception of media literacy. This article analyses the interrelations between encouragement measures implemented by media policy and the perception of media literacy in society. The research employs data from a national representative survey (May 2019; N=1,017 respondents). The study explores the respondents’ media literacy perceptions; opinions on risks potentially caused by insufficient media literacy skills; and respondents’ experience with MIL activities. The survey results are compared with survey data on media literacy encouragement measures, aims and target audiences obtained from the Media Policy Unit at the Ministry of Culture media literacy partners. The theoretical background is supported by the media literacy ideological model, which explains media literacy within relationships with the social institutions in which it is practiced, as well as social processes. The data results are controversial. Even though more than half of Latvia’s population view their media literacy knowledge as insufficient, 52% of the respondents are not interested in MIL issues. Concerning the consequences of insufficient media literacy skills within society, the respondents focused mostly on threats to children (40%) and general public safety (28%), decrease in welfare (28%), societal regress (25%), fewer opportunities for high-quality education (26%) and Latvia being behind other EU countries (24%). Even though the media literacy encouragement measures in Latvia include activities aimed at various audiences, they have been noticed by only a slight number of respondents (7–10%).
Querer ficar
Authors: Silveira Danilo , Pereira Sayonara
Published: June 2020

O presente artigo se constrói em decorrência de uma investigação sobre como pode se dar o ato metodológico da “insistência” na criação em dança. Para tanto, a discussão sobre insistência se desenvolve objetivando olhar para o processo criativo do espetáculo de dança Corpo Desconhecido da bailarina Cinthia Kunifas. O espetáculo aqui em questão já dura quinze anos, e neste tempo contínuo e não urgente, Kunifas insistentemente permanece em um mesmo modo de estar e viver a cena a partir de uma questão original.
Vocal dance
Authors: Rodrigues Antônio Marcelino Vicenti
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo a abordagem da ação corpóreo-vocal a partir de uma perspectiva complexa e multidisciplinar, evidenciando o seu espectro metassistêmico. Fazem parte desse estudo as experimentações com a Vocal Dance, trabalho de criação cênica sistematizado pela performer norte-americana Patricia Bardi. Constituem-se, enquanto arcabouço referencial dessas investigações, as noções gerais de método, complexidade e sistema nos pressupostos filosóficos de Edgar Morin.
Babel
Authors: Geraldi Silvia Maria
Published: June 2020

A Conceição/Conception dedica o presente número a artigos e resenhas inéditos inspirados na temática Babel: Tradições, Traduções e Traições – tema-chave do II Simpósio Internacional “Repensando Mitos Contemporâneos” realizado pelo Programa de Pós-Graduação em Artes da Cena da Unicamp em outubro de 2017. Recorrendo à imagem mítica de Babel e suas reedições no século XXI, as publicações aqui compartilhadas tratam de refletir sobre a problemática da interculturalidade e sua incidência nas artes da cena contemporânea (dança, teatro, performance).
Teatro e direito à memória
Authors: Haas Marta
Published: June 2020

O presente trabalho procura refletir sobre a prática artística de dois grupos teatrais latino-americanos, o Grupo Cultural Yuyachkani (Peru) e a Tribo de Atuadores Ói Nóis Aqui Traveiz (Brasil). Busca analisar o compromisso ético e político assumido pelos coletivos com a defesa dos Direitos Humanos, ao lidar com a memória e traumas do passado, como o conflito armado interno no Peru ou a ditadura civil-militar no Brasil.
KH. Zainal Musthafa’s Struggle in Developing the Nation's Intellectual Life
Authors: Hidayat Tatang , Abdussalam Aam
Published: June 2020

Many national independent struggle movements in Indonesia began from traditional Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren). One of the the movements was established by KH. Zainal Musthafa of Tasikmalaya, West Java. This study aims to examine this scholar’s struggle of independence and his spirit in developing the nation's intellectual life. Based on interview and historical archives, this study shows that KH. Zainal Musthafa plays a vital role in the independence struggle. He was a role model, who was not only a Muslim religious scholar (‘ulamā’), but also a fighter against colonialism. His struggle was motivated by the values and principle of tawḥīd (Oneness of God) and the spirit of Indonesian independence. His struggle furthermore departed from and was shaped by, the teachings offered at traditional Islamic boarding school. This suggests that traditional Islamic educational system, spiritualism and mode of Islamic religiosity developed by pesantren constitute one of the most relevant aspects of Islam in the struggle for Independence and, as this paper argues, remain relevant to the contemporary Indonesian spiritual and intellectual life. It is through pesantren and their leaders that Islamic spiritualism and public intellectualism have thrived up to the present.
The Book of Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm by Nūr al-Dīn al-Rānirī and the Development of Taṣawwuf in Lombok
Authors: Quddus Abdul
Published: June 2020

Al-Rānirī is the first modern Sufi figure among the Malay Muslims in the 17th century. Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm is his popular book that features Sufism in the archipelago. This study looks into the influence of the book on the development of Sufism in the island of Lombok. Based on the combination of anthropological-phenomenological and textual method, this study shows that al-Rānirī emphasizes in his work Ṣirāṭ al-Mustaqīm emphasized on the importance of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) on the practice of taṣawwuf as a response to the doctrines of wujūdiyya burgeoning among the Muslims in Aceh. The manuscript was written in Arabic, Malay, and Jawi in the 16th and the 17th century and spread along with the arrival of merchants to the Sasaknese who travelled from Lombok to Palembang and Aceh. This work has added robust fiqh features over the practices of tariqa (Sufi order) in the island of Lombok. The teachings of Tariqa Qādiriya- Naqsyabandiyya in the island regularly studied the contents of the book, from which they learnt about wuḍū’ (Ablution) and ṣalāh (praying), which are strengthened from the perspective of taṣawwuf by drawing on the nine elements of human soul formation. This is what the prominent Islamic figures in Lombok perceive as a way of ma’rifa (knowing God) through sharia rituals.
The Narratives of Islamic School Students: Contesting Salafism in a Saudi-Wahabi Educational Institutions in Contemporary Jakarta
Authors: Jahroni Jajang
Published: June 2020

This article deals with the reproduction of knowledge within the Saudi-Wahhabi educational institution named LIPIA in Jakarta. Contrary to many studies which tend to see this institution as a monolithic entity, this article argues its knowledge reproduction is diverse as a result of different actors and the social contexts involved in the process. Besides students with modernist and traditionalist backgrounds are present in the institution, the Tablighis and the Salafis are also involved, shaping the reproduction of knowledge are more complex than expected. Each group of students are trying to influence the circumnstances they live in resulting in the diversity of knowledge. Furthermore, despite the Saudi state imposes certain subjects and disciplines to be followed by students, students have their own ways of shaping their knowledge. While in-campus program is well-organized, out-campus life is hardly ever to control as students develop their own network and socialization. Students are exposed to different types of Indonesian larger social contexts.
ANALISIS SEMIOTIKA PADA CERITA RAKYAT WANDIU-NDIU
Authors: Safiuddin Salmatian
Published: June 2020

Tradisi lisan adalah sebuah pesan yang disampaikan secara turun- temurun dari generasi tua ke generasi muda. Pesan ini dapat  berbentuk cerita rakyat, ucapan, pidato, lagu, dan lain-lain. Objek penelitian ini adalah salah satu cerita rakyat dari Pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara yaitu Wandiu-ndiu. Penelitian ini memiliki dua rumusan masalah. Pertama, bagaimana kode- kode pada cerita rakyat Wandiu-ndiu. Kedua, bagaimana amanat dan fungsi sosial pada cerita  rakyat Wandiu-ndiu. Adapun tujuan penelitian untuk mendeskripsikan kode, amanat dan fungsi sosial yang ditemukan dalam cerita rakyat Wandiu-ndiu. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian pustaka dengan menggunakan teori Semiotika Roland Barthes. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima kode, yaitu 1) kode hermeneutik, 2) kode proairetik/aksi, 3) kode semik/konotatif, 4) kode simbol, dan 5) kode budaya. Amanat yang terdapat dalam cerita rakyat Wandiudiu terdiri dari amanat tersirat dan amanat tersurat. Adapun fungsi sosial dalam cerita rakyat ini, yakni 1) fungsi kebudayaan, 2) fungsi pendidikan, dan 3) fungsi kemasyarakatan. Penelitian ini merupakan upaya pelestarian sastra lisan khususnya cerita rakyat sekaligus membantu pemerintah untuk melestarikan tradisi lisan dan dearah.
RELIGIUSITAS WARIA DI SURABAYA
Authors: Fatmawati Fatmawati
Published: June 2020

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengkaji religiusitas waria di Surabaya dengan menganalisis latar belakang kehidupan dan agama, representasi religiusitas, dan hak kebebasan beragama yang mereka miliki. Penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara terstruktur dengan dua responden yang dipilih dengan sengaja (purposive) berdasarkan kriteria tertentu. Data primer berupa transkripsi rekaman wawancara yang didukung oleh data sekunder berupa kajian pustaka. Hasil temuan menunjukkan bahwa para waria di Surabaya memiliki latar belakang kehidupan dan agama yang berbeda. Religiusitas mereka direpresentasikan dengan afiliasi pada agama tertentu, keaktifan di organisasi keagamaan, perilaku altruisme, praktik religiusitas, dan manfaat religius yang mereka peroleh. Hak kebebasan menganut suatu agama termasuk mempertahankan dan mengganti agama telah mereka peroleh namun hak kebebasan menjalankan ibadah keagamaan masih harus diperjuangkan.
General Quantum Theory No Axiom Presumption: II ----Measuring and Identical Theorems, Origins & Classifications of Entanglements and Solution to Crisis of Wave Collapse
Authors: Huang C. , Huang Yong-Chang , Nie Yi-You
Published: June 2020

This paper derives measurement and identical principles, then makes the two principles into measurement and identical theorems of quantum mechanics, plus the three theorems derived earlier, we deduce the axiom system of current quantum mechanics, the general quantum theory no axiom presumptions not only solves the crisis to understand in current quantum mechanics, but also obtains new discoveries. We deduce the general Schrȍdinger equation of any n particles from two aspects, and the wave function not only has particle properties of the complex square root state vector of the classical probability density of any n particles, but also has the plane wave properties of any n particles. Thus, the current crisis of the dispute about the origin of wave-particle duality of any n microscopic particles is solved. This paper displays the classical locality and quantum non-locality for any n particle system, shows entanglement origins, and discovers not only any n-particle wave function system has the original, superposition and across entanglements, but also the entanglements are of interactions preserving conservation or correlation, the three kinds of entanglements directly gives lots of entanglement sources. This paper discovers, one of two pillars of modern physics, quantum mechanics is a generalization ( mechanics ) theory of the complex square root ( of real density function ) of classical statistical mechanics. Thus, all current studies on various entanglements and their uses to quantum computer, quantum communications and so on must be further updated and classified by the three kinds of entanglements. Finally, this paper and our previous paper together solve the crisises of basses of quantum mechanics, e.g., wave-particle duality & the first quantization origins, quantum nonlocality, entanglement origins & classifications, wave collapse and so on.
Occurrence of Balínt Syndrome in a Patient with Hypereosinophilic Syndrome
Authors: Klocke Philipp , Whalen-Browne Anna , Hepworth Elliot , Panju Mohamed
Published: June 2020

Balínt Syndrome is an acquired disorder manifesting in the inability to recognize several objects at once (simultagnosia), inaccurate visually guided limb movements despite intact motor function (optic ataxia) and the inability to make accurate voluntary saccades to visual targets despite demonstrating unrestricted range of eye movements (ocular motor apraxia). Here we report the first case of a patient presenting with Balínt Syndrome caused by a platelet-derived growth factor receptor A mutation (PDGFRA)-induced Hypereosinophilic Syndrome (HES).
The Distribution of Prime Numbers by the Symmetry of the Smallest Sphenic Number
Authors: Bousder Mostafa
Published: June 2020

In this paper, we study the symmetry between the supersingular prime number according to smallest sphenic number. With this symmetry, we show that the elements of sporadic group generates all prime numbers with the order by a simple application.
Scientific Attitudes in Islamic Education Learning: Relationship and the Role of Self-Efficacy and Social Support
Authors: Latipah Eva , Kistoro Hanif Cahyo Adi , Khairunnisa Imaniyah
Published: June 2020

Scientific attitude in Islamic education learning is a demand in the newest curriculum. Psychological factors that determine it is self-efficacy and social support. This study aims to examine correlation between self-efficacy and social support with students' scientific attitudes in Islamic education learning, partially and simultaneously. Subjects were 152 Madrasa Ibtidaiyah students. Instruments used are scientific attitude, self-efficacy, and social support scales. Data analysis techniques used regression analysis. Results showed that there’s a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and students’ scientific attitude in Islamic education learning with r=0.367 and p=0.000 (p<0.05). There’s a significant positive correlation between social support and scientific attitude in Islamic education learning with r=0.381 and p=0.000 (p<0.05). There’s a positive and significant correlation between self-efficacy and social support simultaneously with scientific attitude in Islamic education learning with F=18.222 and p=0.000 (p<0.05).
Knowledge Repository Bidang Kelautan dan Perikanan
Authors: Damayanti Pamela
Published: June 2020

Knowledge repository merupakan aplikasi untuk menghimpun, menyimpan, dan menyebarkan informasi yang dihasilkan oleh suatu institusi. Aplikasi tersebut telah diterapkan oleh Perpustakaan Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP) dalam upaya menyediakan informasi yang valid dan mudah diakses oleh pemustaka. Pengkajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan knowledge repository di Perpustakaan KKP serta mengidentifikasi manfaat dan masalahnya. Pengkajian menggunakan metode deskriptif. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan studi literatur yang terkait dengan perpustakaan khusus, knowledge repository, dan koleksi konten lokal. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pengelolaan teknologi informasi belum dilaksanakan secara optimal sehingga knowledge repository belum dapat berfungsi sebagaimana mestinya. Selain itu, belum semua terbitan internal KKP terkumpul sebagai konten repositori. Hal ini perlu diperhatikan agar Perpustakaan KKP dapat menjadi pusat informasi kelautan dan perikanan.
The Role of School Culture in Holistic Education Development in Muhammadiyah Elementary School Sleman Yogyakarta
Authors: Widodo Hendro
Published: June 2020

This research aims to: 1) describing the cultural approach in the development of holistic education in Muhammadiyah Elementary School: 2) finding the role of school’s stakeholders in realizing holistic education in Muhammadiyah Sleman Elementary School. This research was conducted at Muhammadiyah Sleman Elementary School Yogyakarta. This research was qualitative research of phenomenology by interpretive paradigm. Data collection techniques were observation, interview, and documentation. Data analysis was by interactive model, which were data reduction, data display, and data conclusion drawing/verification. The results of this research are: 1) school culture becomes an important part in improving education quality. The development of holistic education in Muhammadiyah elementary school using cultural approach. Values, beliefs, and habits are built on the school community’s awareness and will, which is bottom-up in nature. The basis of realizing holistic education in school is the school culture. Positive school culture will make holistic education done well, on the contrary negative school culture will make holistic education difficult to obtained. Therefore schools should build strong school culture in implementing holistic education; 2) school stakeholders who very important in realizing holistic education at Muhammadiyah Sleman Elementary School are principal, guard team of school culture, teachers, families, school committees, community, and guard team of holistic education.
Detección de Rickettsia typhi en Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. y Amblyomma mixtum en el sur de México
Authors: Ulloa-García Armando , Dzul-Rosado Karla , Bermúdez-Castillero Sergio E , López-López Noé , Torres-Monzón Jorge Aurelio
Published: June 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de Rickettsia typhi en Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. y Amblyomma mixtum, en el sur de México. Material y métodos. Las garrapatas fueron colectadas en humanos y animales domésticos. Se determi­nó la presencia de Rickettsia por reacción en cadena de la polimerasa (PCR, por sus siglas en inglés) y secuenciación. Resultados. 10/39 viales de trabajo amplificaron fragmen­tos de los genes gltA, htrA y ompB, en 7/10 proveniente de Rh. sanguineus s.l. colectadas de perros y en 3/10 de A. mixtum colectadas de caballo y humano. La secuenciación indicó R. typhi en Rh. sanguineus y A. mixtum con homología de 100% (LS992663.1), para una región del gen de htrA, y de 99% (LS992663.1), con las regiones de los genes de gltA y OmpB. La tasa mínima de infección (TMI) para R. typhi fue de 3.88. Conclusiones. Las garrapatas Rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l. y Amblyomma mixtum están infectadas naturalmente con R. typhi en el sur de México.
Comparison of novaluron, pyriproxyfen, spinosad and temephos as larvicides against Aedes aegypti in Chiapas, Mexico
Authors: Marina Carlos F , Bond J Guillermo , Muñoz José , Valle Javier , Quiroz-Martínez Humberto , Torres-Monzón Jorge A , Williams Trevor
Published: June 2020

Objective. To compare the efficacy of three modern larvicides with the organophosphate temephos for control of Aedes aegypti in water tanks in Chiapas. Materials and methods. Trials were performed to compare the efficacy of pyriproxyfen, novaluron, two formulations of spinosad (granules and tablets) and temephos in oviposition traps and domestic water tanks. Results. Pyriproxyfen and te­mephos provided 2-3 weeks of complete control of larvae in oviposition traps, whereas spinosad granules and novaluron provided 7-12 weeks of control. Treatment of water tanks resulted in a significant reduction in oviposition by Ae. aegypti in houses (p<0.001). Higher numbers of larvae were present in temephos and pyriproxyfen-treated water tanks compared to novaluron and spinosad tablet treatments during most of the study. Conclusion. Spinosad formulations and novaluron were effective larvicides in this region. The poor performance of temephos may be indicative of reduced susceptibility in Ae. aegypti populations in Chiapas
Investigación aplicada en salud pública y enfermedades transmitidas por vector
Authors: Danis-Lozano Rogelio
Published: June 2020

No disponible
Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Electromagnetic Devices on Barium Sulphate Scaling
Authors: Singleton Michael A. , Davis Ivan R.
Published: June 2020

Electromagnetic Devices (EMDs) have been used for scale management in the field. The proposed mechanism for their function is that the device imparts an electromagnetic pulse that provides sufficient energy to cause homogeneous nucleation, resulting in the formation of very small particles (5-8 microns) which pass through the production system, preventing heterogeneous nucleation and deposition. This paper summarises an experimental programme to examine the proposed mechanism of operation of the EMD under controlled laboratory conditions. Flow experiments were performed under ambient conditions using a mixed North Sea Seawater (NSSW) / Nelson Forties Formation Water (NFFW) scaling system. Experiments were performed with the EMD active and compared to baseline experiments where the EMD was inactive, to assess if the device impacted the scaling process.

A full quantitative assessment for each experiment was performed including; assessment of the mass of scale deposited and its location, full effluent analysis by Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP) and effluent sample filtration for solids content, morphology using Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy / Energy Dispersive X-ray (ESEM/EDX) analysis and particle size distribution (PSD). From the experiments performed, it was found that the device impacted the scale deposition process in comparison to when it was not activated. Results indicated that although a similar amount of scale is lost from solution, less deposit was collected in the test apparatus itself. The precipitate in the effluent samples (which had passed through the apparatus) was found to have a mean particle size in the region of 10 microns, with a significant proportion of the distribution of particles below 1 micron; this was confirmed by ESEM/EDX and PSD. A further particle distribution range was identified as less than 0.22 microns. This material (10-20% of that injected) passed through the 0.22 micron filter used to collect the solid, but was accounted for when the experimental procedure was adapted.

The results from this study indicate that under the conditions used, the EMD has an impact on the scaling process resulting in homogeneous nucleation of smaller scale particles that are transported through the apparatus. This supports the mechanism reported previously and provides a greater understanding to how such devices work in the field.
Solving Ultra-High Temperature Scale Challenges: A Case Study of Re-Use of Polymer Flooding Waters for Heat Exchangers
Authors: Yue Zhiwei David , Chen Ping , Draghici Vlad , Westerman Megan , Huijgen Martijn , Privitera Angelo , Hazlewood John , Hagen Thomas
Published: June 2020

An oilfield operator relies extensively on heat exchangers (Hexs) to break heavy oil emulsions. A workhorse inhibitor worked reliably to control thermally induced scale precipitation caused by local hard waters. However, an upsurge of scale-related Hexs tubing blockage occurred during a harsh winter that coincided with a breakthrough of enhanced oil recovery (EOR) polymer into some water sources. Through comprehensive lab testing, root causes of the failure were identified. A new product was developed featuring superior tolerance to variable production parameters, especially Hexs temperatures.

Scale inhibitor efficacy is strongly influenced by overall scaling conditions including water chemistry, temperature, pressure, and presence of incompatible chemicals. In this study, scale precipitates collected from Hexs were characterized using environmental scanning electron microscopy techniques. New inhibitor chemistries were screened through thermal aging; then evaluated for inhibition performance by dynamic tube blocking methods at temperatures ranging from 42°C to 171°C. An additional performance test was designed for the final candidate to further investigate adverse impacts from the EOR polymer and incumbent scale product if a dual-product treatment is required throughout the field fluid system.

The incumbent effectively inhibited scale formation at ≤120°C but showed reduced performance at 160°C. This result is consistent with field records indicating most tubing blockages occurred during the coldest days when Hexs temperature was raised to 160°C to increase heat to treat fluids. Meanwhile, it also suffered antagonistic effects from the EOR polymer. A dozen new inhibitor chemistries were studied including polymers and phosphonates. Polymeric inhibitors had higher thermal aging ratings but were less compatible with the waters involved. Ideal candidates must have thermal stability, high-temperature inhibition performance, and applicability to wide ranges of operational conditions, including Hexs temperature, water hardness, bicarbonate, and foreign substances. Thus, a single product can be applied to the entire field and simple dosage adjustments can readily handle most expected scaling risks. The new product passed all the criteria and significantly reduced operating and equipment replacement cost since deployment.

This paper provides a unique scaling challenge that combined ultra-high temperature and EOR polymer influence, and a systematic approach to understanding and resolving the issue.
Prevention of Mineral Scale Deposition Using Dispersants and Inhibitors
Authors: Ko Saebom , Wang Xin , Zhao Yue , Dai Chong , Lu Yi-Tsung , Deng Guannan , Paudyal Samridhdi , Mateen Sana , Kan Amy T. , Tomson Mason B.
Published: June 2020

Scale formation in oil and gas wells commonly occurs, causing not only pipeline blockage, equipment failure, or formation damage during production, trasnsportation, and treatment, but also premature abandonment of wells in serious cases. Although types of mineral scale occurrence depend on the types of ions in water, sulfate and carbonate scales are the most commonly found scales in oil and gas fields. In this study, we investigated a single approach to prevent complex mineral scales from deposition using water-soluble polymer dispersant or the combination of water-soluble polymer dispersant of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and phosphonate inhibitors of diethylene triamine penta(methylene phosphonic) acid (DTPMP) or hexamethylene diaminetetra (methylene phosphonic) acid (HDTMP) in highly saturated solution or high ionic strength (IS) brines. This study shows that CMC effectively prevents sulfate (barite and gypsum) and carbonate (calcite nd iron carbonate) scales from deposition. The particle size dispersed in the presence of CMC remains in nanosize ranges. When CMC was combined with phosphonate inhibitors of DTPMP or HDTMP, sulfate scales were even more effectively controlled, compare to CMC or phosphonate inhibitors by themselves. In the combination of CMC and DTPMP, the majority of barite (> 90%) remained in a size of smaller than 200 nm and the total mass of barite deposition on 316 stainless steel coupon was negligible, as low as 0.079% of total input mass. Gypsum formation was inhibited for at least 6 hours and gypsum particles remained in a size of smaller than 200 nm for 12 hours in the combination of CMC and HDTPM. For calcite, measured induction time was 134 minutes and calcite particles were dispersed for at least 15 hours with its average particle size of 396 nm in the presence of CMC. Iron carbonate particles were well dispersed for 2 hours in the presence of CMC.
An Experimental Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide Scavenging Capacities and Mechanisms in Iron-Bearing Minerals
Authors: Graham Alexander , Salleh Intan , Ibrahim Jamal , Khairuddin Khairunnisa , Singleton Michael , Sorbie Kenneth
Published: June 2020

The injection of sea water for the pressure support of oil fields is commonly associated with the biogeneration of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) by sulfate reducing bacteria and/or archaea (SRB/SRA). H2S is extremely toxic and corrosive, as well as providing a source of sulfide ions for the formation of iron, zinc and/or lead sulfide scale. However, H2S production is rarely, if ever, associated with seawater breakthrough and its retardation can be linked to a number of mechanisms.

Certain minerals (e.g. siderite, FeCO3, and/or iron oxides, FexOy) may react with produced H2S and retard its progress towards the producer wells. This is a generally beneficial effect but it is difficult to quantify and it is generally estimated from direct matching to the field appearance of H2S. Alternatively, H2S retardation factors are based on correlations with the mineralogy of the field and these are rather unreliable, since few experimental results have been published. In essence, this quantity (the H2S retardation factor) is more of a "matching parameter" rather than being truly predictive.

Candidate mechanisms for sulfide scavenging by iron-bearing minerals have been experimentally identified and scavenging capacities have been determined for siderite FeCO3 in modified static adsorption tests and in dynamic pack floods, for aqueous-only systems. The effects of changing several conditions were studied, including temperature, initial pH and grain size.

A combination of dissolution/precipitation and surface displacement mechanisms were identified in the static bottle tests and further confirmed during the dynamic sand/siderite and crushed-core pack floods. ESEM-EDX and particle size analyses established the presence of mobile FeS (<100 µm) in the column after the flood had reached completion, confirming the bulk precipitation of FeS from dissolved Fe2+. Bringing together these two mechanisms allowed for the rationalisation of the observed scavenging profile, with reference to the Ksp of siderite. By further understanding the mechanisms of H2S scavenging experimentally, it will be possible to incorporate these into field-prediction models.

The absolute values obtained for the 8 wt% siderite packs were 1.03 and 1.74 mg/g at 25 and 96°C, respectively. Crushed core packs yielded significantly higher values of 5.76 and 5.80 mg/g at 25 and 96°C, respectively, which have been hypothetically attributed to the presence of iron-bearing clays in the core samples.
Correlating Calcium Carbonate Scale Risk with Field Experience Data
Authors: Ramstad Kari , Sandengen Kristian , Mitchell Anthony Frank , Moldrheim Erlend
Published: June 2020

Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) scale formation in production wells and process systems is a well-known challenge in the oil and gas industry. Various strategies are selected to prevent scale formation (proactive, e.g. by scale inhibitors) or to remove scale when it has formed (reactive, e.g. by acid treatment), depending on the severity of the problem and the complexity of the production system. Lack of access for remedial actions may be a limiting factor in subsea and unmanned installations and scaling may represent a larger risk of production losses or system failures.

The scale management strategy and design of new wells during field development are based on thermodynamic calculations, kinetic studies and field observations. Experience has shown that wells with high temperature and high pressure drops are more prone to downhole calcium carbonate scaling.

Field experience has been collected and systemized based on operations of oil and gas-condensate fields in the North Sea and Norwegian Sea. The observations have been compared to thermodynamic calculations and aligned to kinetic modelling, defining the critical saturation ratio (SRCaCO3) for scaling. The result is a graphic which has proved to be a powerful tool in planning of new wells and is described in this paper.

The Oseberg field in the North Sea is producing from oil and gas-condensate wells at various reservoir temperatures (98-128°C). The field comprises platform and subsea production systems and one unmanned wellhead platform. Seawater has been injected for pressure support in some areas, while gas injection or depletion are the driving forces in other segments. The CaCO3 scale potential and management strategy have been evaluated for new wells in a field life perspective. Risk of production losses and maximizing cost benefit are key selection criteria, and the variety of wells requires individual solutions. The paper discusses the need for downhole continuous injection of scale inhibitor, compared to batch scale inhibitor squeeze treatments and/or acid treatments. Guidelines for optimum operation of these wells to avoid scaling are presented.
A Rigorous Procedure to Predict Coupled Carbonate and Sulfide Scales in Different Field Scenarios
Authors: Ness Giulia , Sorbie Kenneth S.
Published: June 2020

The prediction of pH-dependent scales such as carbonates and sulfides presents unique challenges because their formation is strongly related to the three phase partitioning of the acid gases (CO2 and H2S). A rigorous procedure is required to ensure proper modelling of the hydrocarbon phases, in order to derive the correct data input for the software from available field data. Using this input, reliable scale prediction calculations may then be run using either integrated or separate PVT and scale prediction software. Although some carbonate scale prediction methods have been published in the past, these methods are field and software specific, and they do not provide a general procedure for carbonate and sulfide scale predictions in oil and gas wells. Operators also have in-house proprietary procedures, but these are not publicly available and hence cannot be used or critically reviewed by the wider upstream chemistry community.

This work presents an improved version of the original Heriot-Watt scale prediction workflow previously published in 2017 (Verri et al., 2017). The authors show how this previous procedure is intrinsically general, but requires modifications depending on specific field variables such as oil type, topside vs reservoir data availability or the use of integrated or separate PVT and scale prediction software.

The workflow is built on three general calculation blocks which apply to all field scenarios, as follows: 1. defining a total PVT feed; 2. modelling the water chemistry leaving the reservoir; 3. running scale prediction calculations throughout the system. After describing the general carbonate and sulfide scale prediction procedure in details, this paper also looks into the specific calculation steps required in different scenarios for variable oil type, sample availability (topside vs downhole), software choice (integrated vs separate PVT and aqueous phase models), EOR, reservoir souring, artificial lift, and HP/HT/HS.

This is a truly general approach to carbonate and sulfide scale predictions which the authors hope will provide a widely available, useful tool to anyone performing field prediction studies for pH-dependent scales. In addition, a worked example is presented in Appendix 1 where the "correct" answer is known, and the workflow is demonstrated to be rigorous in that it recovers this correct answer. This data can be used to test any other procedures for rigorously predicting carbonate and sulfide scales from field data.
Numerical Simulation to Study Scale Formation on SSV Valves
Authors: Poletto V. G. , De Lai F. C. , Ferreira M. V. , Martins A. L. , Junqueira S. L.
Published: June 2020

This work provides a preliminary study of solids adherence on the surfaces of a sliding-sleeve valve (SSV), aiming to mimic inorganic scaling process. SSVs assembled in production sites subjected to water flooding might suffer from scale deposits of barium sulphate. Scaling may result in production stops, production restriction and also heavy workover jobs, reducing project profitability. The simulation of the scaling formation process allows the observation of fouling hotspots and, shortly, it can become a powerful tool to increase the valves reliability in scaling-prone scenarios. In the present problem, a four-way coupled CFD-DEM technique simulates the liquid-solid two-phase flow considering the solids particles as precipitated of barium sulfate crystals. The Discrete Element method allows the evaluation of inter particles interactions, such as collision, friction and adhesion, accounting for relevant phenomena such as particulate agglomerates build-up and particles adhesion on surfaces. The fluid-particle interaction forces arise from the simulation of the flow field through CFD. The main motivation is to analyze the influence of particle granulometry over the fouling process, keeping constant the scale index. The size distribution follows a normal distribution and reducing the mean dimension (smaller particles) results in more particles within the domain. The increase in the number of particles stimulate the formation of particulate agglomerates, which adhere on the grooves and holes of the SSV. Furthermore, agglomerates of tinier particles are less permeable, which accentuates the increase of the pressure drop in the valve.
A Systematic Investigation of Barite and Zinc Sulfate Scale Inhibition in a Produced Water Stripper
Authors: Lu Haiping , Patenaude Tyler , Watson Bill , Gu Zhening , Locklear Jay
Published: June 2020

Oilfield scale deposition is a common problem causing production deferment, safety issues, and equipment damage. This paper presents the laboratory testing data and some field data for barium sulfate (barite) and zinc sulfide (ZnS) scale control. It demonstrates possible synergetic scale inhibition effects and successful field implementation based on laboratory results in a produced water stripping system. Literature shows barite scale can be effectively prevented by phosphonate inhibitors and polymer inhibitors. Effective ZnS scale inhibitors are not commercially available, so dispersants are commonly used to suspend the ZnS scale particles in production fluids carrying the particles through the system without deposition.

Ten scale inhibitors were evaluated for this system: Product A (combination of phosphonate inhibitor and ZnS dispersant); Product B (polymer inhibitor), Product C (polymer inhibitor), Product D (chelator), and Product E (chelator), Product F (phosphonate inhibitor + polymer inhibitor), Product G (phosphonate inhibitor + polymer inhibitor), Product H (phosphonate inhibitor + polymer inhibitor), Product I (phosphonate inhibitor + polymer inhibitor), and Product J (phosphonate inhibitor). Aerobic bottle tests, anaerobic bottle tests, and kinetic turbidity tests evaluated the potential scale risk at various scaling conditions including ∼3,000 mg/L SO42-, 1.1-78 mg/L Ba2+, 0.56 -5.6 mg/L Zn2+, 25-250 mg/L H2S, and pH (3.2-7.5). Product F (phosphonate/dispersant) prevented barite and ZnS most effectively in lab testing but was incompatible with the process system, so Product G, the second best performer, was field trialed. Product C prevented barite scale formation at low dosage and eventually prevented ZnS formation at very high concentrations.
Next Generation On-Site Scale Inhibitor Analysis - Surface Enhanced Nanotechnology Detection
Authors: Murugesan Sankaran , Ahoor Danika , Souza Lauren , Liu Ya , Heath Stephen
Published: June 2020

Scale control and inhibition is very important for maintaining flow assurance of oil production. Several specialty chemicals are used to delay, reduce or prevent scale deposition and, in particular, polymers and phosphonate-based chemicals have been used extensively. The accurate and precise topside measurement of scale inhibitors plays an important role in assessing the efficiency of scale squeeze and continuous-chemical injection treatments. At present, numerous techniques exist for scale inhibitor (SI) analysis but each method has its own limitation and often these methods give results of either total chemical content or elemental analysis without details of chemical speciation. Furthermore, most techniques often lack the ability for on-site analysis on fresh produced water samples, which yields the potential for quick and more accurate and precise information due to minimal sample degradation.Nanotechnology-based Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) developed as the next-generation method to fill the gap in speciation of phosphonates and to determine low concentrations of different scale inhibitor chemicals in produced brines in a timely and cost-effective manner.Particular focus is placed upon the individual and mixed analysis of a novel phosphonate and Deta Phosphonate (DETPMP) respectively. Development of this method with handheld instrumentation provides better detection and quantification of scale inhibitors in the field and reduces time and cost compared to sending samples to off-site laboratories for data collection.
Laboratory colonization by Dirofilaria immitis alters the microbiome of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes
Authors: Adegoke Abdulsalam , Neff Erik , Geary Amie , Husser Montana Ciara , Wilson Kevin , Norris Shawn Michael , Dharmarajan Guha , Karim Shahid
Published: June 2020

Background: The ability of blood feeding arthropods to successfully acquire and transmit pathogens of medical and veterinary importance has been shown to be interfered with, or enhanced by, the arthropod’s native microbiome. Mosquitoes transmit viruses, protozoan and filarial nematodes, the majority of which contribute to the 17% of infectious disease cases worldwide. Dirofilaria immitis , a mosquito transmitted by filarial nematodes of dogs and cats, is vectored by several mosquito species including Aedes aegypti . Methods: In this study, we investigated the impact of D. immitis colonization on the microbiome of laboratory reared female A. aegypti . Metagenomic analysis of the V3-V4 variable region of the microbial 16SRNA was used for identification of the microbial differences down to species level. Results: We generated a total of 1068 OTUs representing 16 phyla, 181 genera and 271 bacterial species. Overall, in order of abundance, Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria and Firmicutes were the most represented phylum with D. immitis infected mosquitoes having more of Proteobacteria (71%) than uninfected mosquitoes (56.9%). An interesting finding in this study is the detection of Klebsiella oxytoca in relatively similar abundance in infected and uninfected mosquitoes, suggesting a possible endosymbiotic relationship, and has been previously shown to indirectly compete for nutrients with fungi on domestic housefly eggs and larva. While D. immitis colonization has no effect on the overall species richness, we identified significant differences in the composition of selected bacteria genus and phylum between the two groups. We also reported distinct compositional and phylogenetic differences in the individual bacteria species when commonly identified bacteria were compared. Conclusions: In conclusion, this is the first study to the best of our knowledge to understand the impact of a filarial infection on the microbiome of its mosquito vector. Further studies are required to identify bacteria species that could play an important role in the mosquito biology. While the microbiome composition of A. aegypti mosquito have been previously reported, our study shows that in an effort to establish itself, a filarial nematode modifies and alters the overall microbial diversity within its mosquito host.
Pre-hospital delay in patients with myocardial infarction: an observational study in a tertiary care hospital of northern Bangladesh
Authors: Rafi Md. Abdur , Sayeed Md. Zahidus , Sultana Papia , Aik Saw , Hossain Golam
Published: June 2020

Background: Delayed hospital presentation is a hindrance to the optimum clinical outcome of modern therapies of Myocardial infarction (MI). This study aimed to investigate the significant factors associated with prolonged pre-hospital delay and the impact of this delay on in-hospital mortality among patients with MI in Northern Bangladesh.Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in December 2019 in cardiology ward of a 1000-bed tertiary care hospital of Bangladesh. Patients admitted in the ward with the diagnosis of myocardial infarction were included in the study. Socio demographic data, clinical features and patients’ health seeking behavior was collected in a structured questionnaire from the patients. Median with interquartile range (IQR) of pre hospital delay were calculated and compared between different groups. Chi-square (χ²) test and binary logistic regression were used to estimate the determinants of pre-hospital delay and effect of pre-hospital delay on in-hospital mortality.Results: 337 patients was enrolled in the study and their median (IQR) pre-hospital delay was 9.0 (13.0) hours. 39.5% patients admitted in the specialized hospital within 6 hours. In logistic regression, determinants of pre-hospital delay were patients age (for <40 years aOR 2.43, 95% CI 0.73-8.12; for 40 to 60 years aOR 0.44, 95% CI 0.21-0.93), family income (for lower income aOR 5.74, 95% CI 0.89-37.06; for middle income aOR 14.22, 95% CI 2.15-94.17), distance from primary care center £5 km (aOR 0.42, 95% CI 0.12-0.90), predominant chest pain (aOR 0.15, 95% CI 0.05-0.48), considering symptoms as non-significant (aOR 17.81, 95% CI 5.92-53.48), referral from primary care center (for government hospital aOR 4.45, 95% CI 2.03-9.74; for private hospital OR 98.67, 95% CI 11.87-820.34); (R2= 0.528) and not having family history of MI (aOR 2.65, 95% CI 1.24-5.71). Risk of in-hospital mortality was almost four times higher who admitted after 6 hours compared to their counterpart (aOR 0.28, 95% CI 0.12-0.66); (R2 =0.303).Conclusion: Some modifiable factors contribute to higher pre-hospital delay of MI patients, resulting in increased in-hospital mortality. Patients’ awareness about cardiovascular diseases and improved referral pathway of the existing health care system may reduce this unexpected delay.
Allowing more time to ILCOR Step A of neonatal resuscitation leads to better residents’ task completion in simulated scenarios. A problem of time pressure?
Authors: Boithias Claire , Jule Laure , Foulgoc Stephanie Le , Jourdain Gilles , Benhamou Dan
Published: June 2020

Background: Roughly 10% of newborns need help to complete the transition of birth. For these infants, international guidelines recommend supporting them using a 4-step procedure (A to D). Step A is an assessment time, which includes eight tasks and finishes by starting the positive pressure ventilation (PPV), if necessary (step B). The guidelines changed in 2015 and the allotted time was raised from 30 to 60 seconds for step A completion. Objectives: This study aimed to assess if the reduced time constraint in step A could have an impact on 1st-year pediatric residents' performance to complete step A and if could lead to later initiation of step A. Methods: Using video recordings of standardized neonatal scenarios over 6 years (3 before the change and 3 after), we assessed the ability of 1st-year pediatric residents of the Paris region to complete step A and initiate PPV in the allotted time in each period. Among the sessions, including at least five scenarios we evaluated all the PPV required scenarios executed for the first time by a dyad of 1st-year pediatric residents.Results: Among 52 sessions, we included 104 scenarios (25 sessions and 50 scenarios before the change and 27 sessions and 54 scenarios after). PPV started roughly at 1-minute resuscitation in both periods, but completion of the tasks before PPV-start was significant. Only 12% of the dyad of residents executed the eight tasks before PPV initiation in the first period versus 54% in the second period (p < 0.0001). Additionally, the completion of the eight tasks of step A was significantly better during the second period (6 [6-7] vs. 8 [7-8] p < 0.001).Conclusions: These results could suggest that a reduced time constraint for step A imposed by the new Guidelines was associated with better performance.