bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shape‐Morphing in Oxide Ceramic Kirigami Nanomembranes
Authors: Kim Minsoo , Kim Donghoon , Mirjolet Mathieu , Shepelin Nick A. , Lippert Thomas , Choi Hongsoo , Puigmartí‐Luis Josep , Nelson Bradley J. , Chen Xiang‐Zhong , Pané Salvador
Published: October 2024

Interfacial strain engineering in ferroic nanomembranes can broaden the scope of ferroic nanomembrane assembly as well as facilitate the engineering of multiferroic‐based devices with enhanced functionalities. Geometrical engineering in these material systems enables the realization of 3‐D architectures with unconventional physical properties. Here, 3‐D multiferroic architectures are introduced by incorporating barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) and cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4, CFO) bilayer nanomembranes. Using photolithography and substrate etching techniques, complex 3‐D microarchitectures including helices, arcs, and kirigami‐inspired frames are developed. These 3‐D architectures exhibit remarkable mechanical deformation capabilities, which can be attributed to the superelastic behavior of the membranes and geometric configurations. It is also demonstrated that dynamic shape reconfiguration of these nanomembrane architectures under electron beam exposure showcases their potential as electrically actuated microgrippers and for other micromechanical applications. This research highlights the versatility and promise of multi‐dimensional ferroic nanomembrane architectures in the fields of micro actuation, soft robotics, and adaptive structures, paving the way for incorporating these architectures into stimulus‐responsive materials and devices.
Dual‐Seed Strategy for High‐Performance Anode‐Less All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Sohn Yeeun , Oh Jihoon , Lee Jieun , Kim Hyunjae , Hwang Insu , Noh Gyeongho , Lee Taeyong , Kim Ji Young , Bae Ki Yoon , Lee Taegeun , Lee Nohjoon , Chung Woo Jun , Choi Jang Wook
Published: October 2024

Interest in all‐solid‐state batteries (ASSBs), particularly the anode‐less type, has grown alongside the expansion of the electric vehicle (EV) market, because they offer advantages in terms of their energy density and manufacturing cost. However, in most anode‐less ASSBs, the anode is covered by a protective layer to ensure stable lithium (Li) deposition, thus requiring high temperatures to ensure adequate Li ion diffusion kinetics through the protective layer. This study proposes a dual‐seed protective layer consisting of silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles for sulfide‐based anode‐less ASSBs. This dual‐seed‐based protective layer not only facilitates Li diffusion via multiple lithiation pathways over a wide range of potentials, but also enhances the mechanical stability of the anode interface through the in situ formation of a Ag–Zn alloy with high ductility. The capacity retention during full‐cell evaluation is 80.8% for 100 cycles when cycled at 1 mA cm−2 with 3 mAh cm−2 at room temperature. The dual‐seed approach provides useful insights into the design of multi‐seed concepts in which, from a mechanochemical perspective, various lithiophilic materials synergistically impact upon the anode‐less interface.
3D Bioprinting of Liquid High‐Cell‐Proportion Bioinks in Liquid Granular Bath
Authors: Jiang Jinhong , Yuan Chenhui , Zhang Xinyu , Gu Lin , Yao Yudong , Wang Xueping , He Yong , Shao Lei
Published: October 2024

Embedded 3D bioprinting techniques have emerged as a powerful method to fabricate 3D engineered constructs using low strength bioinks; however, there are challenges in simultaneously satisfying the requirements of high‐cell‐activity, high‐cell‐proportion, and low‐viscosity bioinks. In particular, the printing capacity of embedded 3D bioprinting is limited as two main challenges: spreading and diffusion, especially for liquid, high‐cell‐activity bioinks that can facilitate high‐cell‐proportion. Here, a liquid‐in‐liquid 3D bioprinting (LL3DBP) strategy is developed, which used a liquid granular bath to prevent the spreading of liquid bioinks during 3D printing, and electrostatic interaction between the liquid bioinks and liquid granular baths is found to effectively prevent the diffusion of liquid bioinks. As an example, the printing of positively charged 5% w/v gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) in a liquid granular bath prepared with negatively charged κ‐carrageenan is proved to be achievable. By LL3DBP, printing capacity is greatly advanced and bioinks with over 90% v/v cell can be printed, and printed structures with high‐cell‐proportion exhibit excellent bioactivity.
Super‐Tough, Non‐Swelling Zwitterionic Hydrogel Sensor Based on the Hofmeister Effect for Potential Motion Monitoring of Marine Animals
Authors: Ren Jiayuan , Chen Guoqi , Yang Hailong , Zheng Jingxia , Li Shengnan , Zhu Canjie , Yang Hua , Fu Jun
Published: October 2024

Hydrogel‐based electronic devices in aquatic environments have sparked widespread research interest. Nevertheless, the challenge of developing hydrogel electronics underwater has not been profoundly surmounted because of the fragility and swelling of hydrogels in aquatic environments. In this work, a zwitterionic double network hydrogel comprised of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), poly(sulfobetaine methacrylate) (PSBMA), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) demonstrates super‐tough and non‐swelling performance. The Hofmeister effect of H2SO4 and PSBMA induces the PVA chains to form numerous nanocrystalline domains, which serve as the primary physical crosslinking points and provide effective energy dissipation. H2SO4 induces a strong salting‐out effect to facilitate PVA crystallization and the formation of a dense and stable network structure that inhibits swelling. The resulting hydrogel exhibits an ultra‐high toughness of 4.61 MJ m−3, non‐swelling, and long‐term stability for up to a month in pure water and seawater. Based on this, a hydrogel‐based seawater strain sensor has been developed to monitor the underwater movements of marine animal models. Reliable and stable sensing performance ensures real‐time collection of underwater motion signals, despite the impacts of water flow and the interference of ions. This study provides a facile approach to designing super‐tough and non‐swelling hydrogels and further expands the application of underwater electronic devices.
High Efficiency n‐Type Doping of Organic Semiconductors by Cation Exchange
Authors: Zhao Xiaolei , Alsufyani Maryam , Tian Junfu , Lin Yuanbao , Jeong Sang Young , Woo Han Young , Yin Yi , McCulloch Iain
Published: October 2024

Achieving efficient doping in n‐type conjugated polymers is crucial for their application in electronic devices. In this study, an n‐type doping method is developed based on cation exchange that maintains a high doping level while ensuring a high degree of structural order, leading to significantly improved electrical conductivity. By investigating various dopants and ionic liquids, it is discovered that the choice of dopant influences doping efficiency, while the selection of ionic liquid affects cation exchange efficiency. Through careful selection of suitable dopants and ionic liquids, High doping levels are achieved remarkably in a short period, resulting in the highest conductivity (nearly 1 × 10−2 S cm−¹) compared to other doping methods for poly{[N,N′‐bis(2‐octyldodecyl)‐naphthalene‐1,4,5,8‐bis(dicarboximide)‐2,6‐diyl]‐alt‐5,5′‐(2,2′‐bithiophene)} (N2200). The findings highlight the robustness and efficiency of cation exchange doping as an effective approach for achieving high‐quality n‐type doping in conjugated polymers, thereby opening new avenues for the development of advanced polymer‐based electronic devices.
Anisotropic Redox on Pristine Graphene
Authors: Saraf Akshat R. , Lim Jay Min , Saraf Ravi F.
Published: October 2024

Chemically modified graphene is an attractive electrode material for electrocatalysis, energy devices, and sensors, whereas pristine graphene is electrochemically passive. The remarkable anisotropic electrochemical nature of graphene is uncovered by π–π interaction, making pristine graphene more active than bare Au. The π–π stacking during redox reaction “dopes” the graphene, disrupting the passivating hydration layer, making it a facile electrochemical electrode. The structure during π–π stacking‐mediated redox of methylene blue (MB) is quantitatively measured by the differential reflectivity of a polarized laser on a ≈100 micron spot. The local redox reaction current varies over fourfold due to the orientation of the ≈10 micron size grains. The mosaic‐grain anisotropy on each spot shows local uniaxial orientation. The redox signal at the optimum orientation is over 2.5‐fold greater than that for bare Au on the same electrode. The redox signal is over fivefold greater at the edges of graphene compared bare Au. Remarkably, the π–π interaction increases chemical stability significantly, leading to negligible photo‐degradation at the approximate absorption wavelength of MB. The exclusive redox activity due to π–π interaction on pristine graphene adds to the toolbox of making exotic opto‐electrochemical electrode materials for electrocatalysis, sensing, and electronics.
Enhancing Chiroptoelectronic Activity in Chiral 2D Perovskites via Chiral–Achiral Cation Mixing
Authors: Li Hao , Sarker Pranab , Zhang Xiaoyu , Terban Maxwell W. , Ghose Sanjit , Dursun Ibrahim , Cotlet Mircea , Li Mingxing , Zhang Yugang , Xu Yuanze , Ramakrishnan Shripathi , Wei Tao , Lu Deyu , Yu Qiuming
Published: October 2024

Rational design of chiral two‐dimensional hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites is crucial to achieve chiroptoelecronic, spintronic, and ferroelectric applications. Here, an efficient way to manipulate the chiroptoelectronic activity of 2D lead iodide perovskites is reported by forming mixed chiral (R‐ or S‐methylbenzylammonium (R‐MBA+ or S‐MBA+)) and achiral (n‐butylammonium (nBA+)) cations in the organic layer. The strongest and flipped circular dichroism signals are observed in (R/S‐MBA0.5nBA0.5)2PbI4 films compared to (R/S‐MBA)2PbI4. Moreover, the (R/S‐MBA0.5nBA0.5)2PbI4 films exhibit pseudo‐symmetric, unchanged circularly polarized photoluminescence peak as temperature increases. First‐principles calculations reveal that mixed chiral–achiral cations enhance the asymmetric hydrogen‐bonding interaction between the organic and inorganic layers, causing more structural distortion, thus, larger spin‐polarized band‐splitting than pure chiral cations. Temperature‐dependent powder X‐ray diffraction and pair distribution function structure studies show the compressed intralayer lattice with enlarged interlayer spacing and increased local ordering. Overall, this work demonstrates a new method to tune chiral and chiroptoelectronic properties and reveals their atomic scale structural origins.
Highly Efficient and Bright Blue OLEDs via TSCT‐TADF Molecule Regulated by Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]Carbazole
Authors: Guo Haoqing , Tang Zhenyu , Gong Lefan , Tang Rong , Yang Shuang , Yu Wenjin , Liu Yueli , Wang Hantao , Ablikim Obolda , Qu Bo , Wei Jinbei , Chen Zhijian , Xiao Lixin
Published: October 2024

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials with the through‐space charge transfer (TSCT) effects can provide a useful approach to efficiently utilize dark state triplet excitons through an efficient reverse intersystem crossing process. TSCT‐TADF emitters PCzoTrz‐ICz with small ∆EST values and high photoluminescence quantum yield is designed and synthesized using common acceptor triazine, donor 3,6‐diphenylcarbazole and Indolo[3,2,1‐jk]carbazole which is a rigid π‐conjugated group with high triplet state and high thermal stability. The doped‐organic light‐emitting diodes using PCzoTrz‐ICz as emitters exhibit high tolerance to host with different polarity and charge transport properties, and PCzoTrz‐ICz doped devices in 2,8‐bis(diphenylphosphoryl)dibenzofuran even realizes a maximum external quantum efficiency (EQEmax) of 32.5% and maximum current efficiency (CEmax) of 74.1 cd A−1, which is higher than EQEmax of 28.1% and CEmax of 64.8 cd A−1 of PCzoTrz. Moreover, PCzoTrz‐ICz can be used as highly efficient sensitizers for narrow band blue emitter of v‐DABNA, and achieves more than EQEmax of 33.3%, maximum luminance of 26,291 cd m−2, CEmax of 42.7 cd A−1 and blue index of 237 cd A−1 CIEy−1.
A Flexible Plasmonic Array with Both High Q‐Factor and Strong Near‐Field
Authors: Yang Yao , Ding Qi , Wei Yueyue , Du Yuanyuan , Wang Wei , Chen Ziqiu , Liu Bowen
Published: October 2024

A higher quality (Q) factor and a stronger near field are two major advantages for surface plasmon resonance (SPR) applications based on high‐performance nanocavities. However, achieving a plasmonic structure that possesses both an ultra‐high Q‐factor and strong near‐field intensity has received relatively little attention. In this work, plasmonic arrays that offer a tunable Q‐factor, tunable near‐field intensity, and excellent uniformity over a centimeter‐scale area are fabricated on a flexible substrate. The flexibility and uniformity of this plasmonic array have been confirmed by its integration into stable optofluidic sensing systems. An in‐depth investigation into its sensitivity and figure of merit (FOM) highlights the superior performance of plasmonic sensing arrays that feature both an ultra‐high Q‐factor and a strong near‐field. This plasmonic array, together with its fabrication method, provides an optimized platform for a wide range of applications.
Gold‐Catalyzed Annulation Between 1‐[2‐(Dimethoxymethyl)phenyl]prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl Acetates and α‐Diazo Esters or Anilines to Form Substituted Naphthoates and Indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline, Respectively
Authors: Suresh Kshirsagar Akshay , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: October 2024

This work describes gold‐catalyzed annulations of 1‐(2‐(dimethoxymethyl)phenyl)‐1‐prop‐2‐yn‐1‐yl acetate substrates with α‐diazo esters and anilines, respectively yielding substituted naphthoates and indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline derivatives. Our mechanistic analysis indicates 1‐methoxy‐2‐carbonyl‐1H‐indenes as their common intermediates. In the formation of naphthoates, α‐diazo ester attacks at gold‐bound intermediate via an SN2 pathway to enable a allylic methoxy substitution. For indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline derivatives, there are two main reactions, including (i) a reversible formation between intermediate and a double amine addition product and (ii) an arylation reaction of intermediate. Species N‐(phenyl((2E)‐1‐(phenylimino)‐1,3‐dihydro‐2H‐inden‐2‐ylidene)methyl)aniline was converted to indeno[1,2‐b]quinoline in the presence of gold catalyst.
Exploring Protein Conformational Changes Using a Large‐Scale Biophysical Sampling Augmented Deep Learning Strategy
Authors: Hu Yao , Yang Hao , Li Mingwei , Zhong Zhicheng , Zhou Yongqi , Bai Fang , Wang Qian
Published: October 2024

Inspired by the success of deep learning in predicting static protein structures, researchers are now actively exploring other deep learning algorithms aimed at predicting the conformational changes of proteins. Currently, a major challenge in the development of such models lies in the limited training data characterizing different conformational transitions. To address this issue, molecular dynamics simulations is combined with enhanced sampling methods to create a large‐scale database. To this end, the study simulates the conformational changes of 2635 proteins featuring two known stable states, and collects the structural information along each transition pathway. Utilizing this database, a general deep learning model capable of predicting the transition pathway for a given protein is developed. The model exhibits general robustness across proteins with varying sequence lengths (ranging from 44 to 704 amino acids) and accommodates different types of conformational changes. Great agreement is shown between predictions and experimental data in several systems and successfully apply this model to identify a novel allosteric regulation in an important biological system, the human β‐cardiac myosin. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model in revealing the nature of protein conformational changes.
Remodeling Highly Fluorinated Electrolyte via Shielding Agent Regulation toward Practical Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yang Yutong , Ma Shunchao , Yin Hongxing , Li Yanan , Chen Silin , Zhang Yu , Li Dan , Dong Feilong , Zhang Yue , Xie Haiming , Cong Lina
Published: October 2024

Highly fluorinated electrolytes have proved effective in improving electrochemical stability of lithium metal batteries. However, excessive fluorination not only detrimentally impacts the electrolyte ionic conductivity, but also inevitably forms the over‐fluorinated interphases with sluggish ion diffusivity. Herein, a strategy on remodeling Li+ solvation structure in highly fluorinated electrolyte aided is proposed by fluorinated amide (FDMA), which denoted as “shielding agent”. Benefitting from FDMA's high donor number (DN) value (22.1), the Li+‐dipole (fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) or trans‐4,5‐Difluoroethylenecarbonate (DFEC)) interaction is interrupted and the participation of FDMA in primary solvation sheath fructify the solid‐electrolyte interphase without scarifying the privilege of fluorinated electrolyte on interphase chemistry. Eventually, the optimal high‐fluorinated electrolyte (FDMA/DFEC + 1.0 mol L−1 LiTFSI) with this unique shielding effect displays high ionic conductivity and rapid Li+ desolvation behavior, enabling Li||LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2 (Li||NCM622) to achieve an ultralong cycle‐life of 2000 cycles at 1C with 84.7% capacity retention. Even under extreme conditions (NCM622: 10 mg cm−2; electrolyte: 20 µL; Li: 50 µm), the Li||NCM622 displays excellent electrochemical performance. Additionally, 447 Wh kg−1 Li||LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2 (Li||NCM811) pouch cells have been successfully fabricated and demonstrate an exceptional cycle‐life over 150 cycles. The proposed “shielding” strategy to modulate the solvation structure paves the way for developing practical LMBs with fluorinated electrolytes.
Sirt6 Mono‐ADP‐Ribosylates YY1 to Promote Dystrophin Expression for Neuromuscular Transmission
Authors: Zhang Wei , Bai Lei , Xu Wentao , Liu Jun , Chen Yi , Lin Weiqiang , Lu Huasong , Wang Binwei , Luo Benyan , Peng Guoping , Zhang Kejing , Shen Chengyong
Published: October 2024

The degeneration of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the decline in motor function are common features of aging, but the underlying mechanisms have remained largely unclear. This study reveals that Sirt6 is reduced in aged mouse muscles. Ablation of Sirt6 in skeletal muscle causes a reduction of Dystrophin levels, resulting in premature NMJ degeneration, compromised neuromuscular transmission, and a deterioration in motor performance. Mechanistic studies show that Sirt6 negatively regulates the stability of the Dystrophin repressor YY1 (Yin Yang 1). Specifically, Sirt6 mono‐ADP‐ribosylates YY1, causing its disassociation from the Dystrophin promoter and allowing YY1 to bind to the SMURF2 E3 ligase, leading to its degradation. Importantly, supplementation with nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) enhances the mono‐ADP‐ribosylation of YY1 and effectively delays NMJ degeneration and the decline in motor function in elderly mice. These findings provide valuable insights into the intricate mechanisms underlying NMJ degeneration during aging. Targeting Sirt6 could be a potential therapeutic approach to mitigate the detrimental effects on NMJ degeneration and improve motor function in the elderly population.
Efficacy of the U‐shaped flap technique in preventing reflux after minimally invasive proximal gastrectomy for proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer
Authors: Omori Takeshi , Hara Hisashi , Yanagimoto Yoshitomo , Shinno Naoki , Masuike Yasunori , Kanemura Takashi , Wada Hiroshi , Yasui Masayoshi , Ohue Masayuki , Miyata Hiroshi
Published: October 2024

Background

Preventing gastroesophageal reflux after proximal gastrectomy for proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer remains challenging due to the lack of standardized reconstructive techniques. The double flap technique (DFT) in valvuloplastic esophagogastrostomy prevents reflux esophagitis but is less effective in esophagogastric junction cancer because of negative pressure on the inferior mediastinum. We developed the U‐shaped flap technique (UFT) to enhance the anti‐reflux efficacy.

Methods

This study analyzed data from patients who underwent minimally invasive proximal gastrectomy for proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer between August 2014 and May 2022, using a prospectively maintained database. We compared DFT and UFT for short‐ and long‐term outcomes, focusing on gastroesophageal reflux, using one‐to‐one propensity score matching to control for patient‐related variables.

Results

Among 217 eligible patients, 205 (100 in DFT, 105 in UFT) completed a 1‐year follow‐up. After propensity score matching, we selected 42 pairs of patients who underwent DFT and UFT. UFT had significantly shorter operative time (p = 0.044), similar blood loss, and similar morbidity. The UFT group had significantly fewer reflux symptoms (0% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.0011) and endoscopic Los Angeles grade B or higher reflux esophagitis (0% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.0011) than the DFT group. In lower mediastinal reconstructions for esophagogastric junction cancer, UFT showed a reduced incidence of reflux esophagitis.

Conclusion

Our study indicates that the U‐shaped flap technique (UFT) offered significant advantages in reducing postoperative reflux symptoms and endoscopic esophagitis, in a cohort of patients with proximal gastric and esophagogastric junction cancer.
Decellularized umbilical cord wrapped with conductive hydrogel for peripheral nerve regeneration
Authors: Zhang Bin , Zhang Hui , Hu Yangnan , Tian Lei , Cheng Hong , Wang Yusong , Gao Xin , Cui Qingyue , Zheng Shasha , Feng Pan , Bian Feika , Wang Yu , Liu Tingting , Zhang Chen , Chai Renjie
Published: October 2024

Nerve guidance conduits have demonstrated great promise for the restoration of injured peripheral nerves in recent decades. Associated research has focused on improving the structure and function of these conduits as well as simplifying the manufacturing processes. Herein, a novel decellularized umbilical cord (DUC) wrapped with conductive hydrogel is presented for peripheral nerve regeneration, which is prepared by integrating the DUC matrix into a methacrylate gelatin (GelMA)/Ti3C2Tx MXene (MXene) composite hollow conduit (named DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit). The obtained DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit displays superior mechanical properties, electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. Particularly, ascribed to the introduction of DUC and MXene, the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit exhibits satisfactory biological effects in promoting neuron growth and Schwann cell proliferation and migration. Through in vivo experiments using a rat sciatic nerve injury model, the beneficial effects of the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit on axonal regeneration and motor function recovery are demonstrated. These findings indicate that the DUC–MXene–GelMA conduit may be a promising candidate for peripheral nerve injury repair.
Endogenous retroelements in hematological malignancies: From epigenetic dysregulation to therapeutic targeting
Authors: Chour Mohamed , Porteu Françoise , Depil Stéphane , Alcazer Vincent
Published: October 2024

Endogenous retroelements (EREs), which comprise half of the human genome, play a pivotal role in genome dynamics. Some EREs retained the ability to encode proteins, although most degenerated or served as a source for novel genes and regulatory elements during evolution. Despite ERE repression mechanisms developed to maintain genome stability, widespread pervasive ERE activation is observed in cancer including hematological malignancies. Challenging the perception of noncoding DNA as “junk,” EREs are underestimated contributors to cancer driver mechanisms as well as antitumoral immunity by providing innate immune ligands and tumor antigens. This review highlights recent progress in understanding ERE co‐option events in cancer and focuses on the controversial debate surrounding their causal role in shaping malignant phenotype. We provide insights into the rapidly evolving landscape of ERE research in hematological malignancies and their clinical implications in these cancers.
Oxytocin Verbindungen zur oralen Behandlung von Bauchschmerzen
Authors: Kremsmayr Thomas , Schober Gudrun , Kaltenböck Matthias , Hoare Bradley L. , Brierley Stuart M. , Muttenthaler Markus
Published: October 2024

Chronische Bauchschmerzen stellen für Millionen von Menschen, die an gastrointestinalen Erkrankungen wie dem Reizdarmsyndrom und entzündlichen Darmerkrankungen leiden, eine schwere Belastung dar. Der Oxytocin Rezeptor (OTR) ist ein neues therapeutisches Wirkstoffziel für die Entwicklung von Schmerzmittel: bei chronischer viszeraler Hypersensitivität ist die Expression von OTR auf vom Lumen aus zugänglichen Nozizeptoren im Dickdarm erhöht, was eine gezielte luminale Verabreichung von Liganden ermöglicht. Allerdings stellt die geringe gastrointestinale Stabilität des endogenen Peptidliganden Oxytocin (OT) ein Problem für die therapeutische Entwicklung dar. In dieser Studie, beschreiben wir die Entwicklung potenter und verdauungsstabiler OT‐Verbindungen, die den Grundstein für eine neue Wirkstoffklasse von oralen, darmspezifischen Peptidtherapeutika legen. Die Ligandenoptimierung, geleitet von Struktur‐Verdauungsstabilitäts‐Aktivitäts‐Beziehungen, ergab stabile Verbindungen (t1/2>24 h, im Vergleich zu t1/2<10 min für OT in Darmflüssigkeit), die equipotent wie OT (~3 nM) waren und verbesserte OTR‐Selektivität aufwiesen. Die rektale Verabreichung der besten Leitverbindung zeigte konzentrationsabhängig schmerzstillende Effekte in einem chronischen Bauchschmerz Mausmodel. Auch die orale Verabreichung dieser Leitverbindung zeigte signifikante analgetische Effekte. Die entwickelten Verbindungen und die angewandten Strategien könnten den Weg für eine neue Klasse oraler, darmspezifischer Peptide ebnen, um chronische gastrointestinale Erkrankungen zu erforschen und zu bekämpfen – ein Bereich mit erheblichem ungedecktem medizinischem Bedarf.
Tailoring d‐Band Center of Single‐Atom Nickel Sites for Boosted Photocatalytic Reduction of Diluted CO2 from Flue Gas
Authors: Liu Jiahui , Han Bin , Liu Xueming , Liang Shujie , Fu Yang , He Jun , Chung Lai‐Hon , Lin Yuanfang , Wei Yupeng , Wang Sibo , Ma Tianyi , Yang Zhifeng
Published: October 2024

Photocatalytic reduction of diluted CO2 from anthropogenic sources holds tremendous potential for achieving carbon neutrality, while the huge barrier to forming *COOH key intermediate considerably limits catalytic effectiveness. Herein, via coordination engineering of atomically scattered Ni sites in conductive metal–organic frameworks (CMOFs), we propose a facile strategy for tailoring the d‐band center of metal active sites towards high‐efficiency photoreduction of diluted CO2. Under visible‐light irradiation in pure CO2, CMOFs with Ni‐O4 sites (Ni‐O4 CMOFs) exhibits an outstanding rate for CO generation of 13.3 μmol h−1 with a selectivity of 94.5 %, which is almost double that of its isostructural counterpart with traditional Ni‐N4 sites (Ni‐N4 CMOFs), outperforming most reported systems under comparable conditions. Interestingly, in simulated flue gas, the CO selectivity of Ni‐N4 CMOFs decreases significantly while that of Ni‐O4 CMOFs is mostly unchanged, signifying the supremacy for Ni‐O4 CMOFs in leveraging anthropogenic diluted CO2. In situ spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) investigations demonstrate that O coordination can move the center of the Ni sites′ d‐band closer to the Fermi level, benefiting the generation of *COOH key intermediate as well as the desorption of *CO and hence leading to significantly boosted activity and selectivity for CO2‐to‐CO photoreduction.
Electrochemical Performance of a New Triazole Functionalized Ferrocene in Aqueous Redox Flow Batteries
Authors: Eken Taha Yasin , Gonzalez Gabriel , Peljo Pekka , Koz Gamze
Published: October 2024

A new 1,2,3‐triazole functionalized ferrocene (1,2,3‐TAFc) produced by Cu(I)‐catalyzed click reaction was investigated as positive electrolyte for aqueous organic flow batteries (AOFBs). The molecule is highly soluble in 1 M hydrochloric acid and displays high electrochemical reversibility. 1,2,3‐TAFc demonstrated good stability during cycling with a low capacity decay (0.011%/cyc, 3.0%/day) and high Coulombic efficiency (99.4%) over 280 cycles when tested in a flow battery at low concentration. This low capacity decay was attributed to the instability of ferrocene. These findings indicate that a stable and water‐soluble catholyte for AOFBs can be obtained with structural modifications of 1,2,3‐TAFc.
Dauerhafte und nachhaltige Brückenkappen aus nichtmetallischer Bewehrung und Recyclingbeton
Authors: Görtz Stephan , Lengert Kay , Glomb Daniel , Kustermann Andrea , Dauberschmidt Christoph , Burgard Stefan
Published: October 2024

Aufgrund chloridinduzierter Korrosion müssen Brückenkappen aus Stahlbeton regelmäßig bzw. vielfach häufiger als geplant erneuert werden. Im Rahmen eines vom Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft und Klimaschutz geförderten ZIM‐Projekts wurden Brückenkappen aus einer nichtmetallischen Basaltfaserstabbewehrung und einem Recyclingbeton entwickelt, sodass die Schwachstelle der Korrosion entschärft wird und die Materialien im Hinblick auf den Materialkreislauf zugleich besser ausgenutzt werden. Hierzu wurden gebogene Bewehrungselemente aus chloridunempfindlicher Basaltfaserstabbewehrung sowie ein Beton mit hohem Frost‐Tausalz‐Widerstand entwickelt, der aus bis zu 100 % recyclierter Gesteinskörnung besteht. Alle Teilentwicklungen wurden zu einem ganzheitlichen Ansatz vereint und ein Prototyp einer ressourcenschonenden und dauerhaften Brückenkappe erfolgreich hergestellt und getestet.
Enhancing competitiveness and sustainability in Spanish agriculture: The role of technological innovation and corporate social responsibility
Authors: Abad‐Segura Emilio , Castillo‐Díaz Francisco José , Batlles‐delaFuente Ana , Belmonte‐Ureña Luis J.
Published: October 2024

This study explores the integration of sustainable technological innovation (STI) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) within the Spanish agricultural sector, aiming to enhance competitiveness and sustainability. Departing from previous research that often underrepresents the unique dynamics of this sector, our analysis employs both theoretical frameworks and empirical data to assess the interplay between STI and CSR. We develop a composite CSR indicator and analyze its association with regional R&D + i investment across Spain. Findings indicate that STI adoption, particularly in precision agriculture and smart livestock management, significantly enhances CSR outcomes by optimizing resource utilization and minimizing environmental impact. However, notable regional disparities emerge, influenced by economic resources, infrastructure, and policy environments. This study contributes to the literature by elucidating the role of STI in fostering sustainable agricultural practices and underscores the necessity for targeted policy interventions to support regions lagging in CSR performance. The results advocate for integrating technological innovation with CSR strategies to ensure long‐term sustainability and competitiveness in the agricultural sector.
Critical appraisal of Genelyn soft embalming for cadaveric surgical skill training: A systematic review
Authors: Rajasekhar S. S. S. N. , Kaliyamoorthy Kalaivani , Dinesh Kumar V. , Sivadasan Neethu
Published: October 2024

Genelyn is a proprietary embalming solution used for preserving cadavers for surgical skill training (SST) and undergraduate teaching. The aim of this review is to examine the Genelyn embalming method critically by analyzing scientific publications that have employed this method for SST and undergraduate education. The systematic review process involved searching for all relevant articles in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Embase using the keywords “Genelyn,” Genelyn embalming,” “Genelyn embalmed cadaver,” and “surgical skill training. All studies on Genelyn embalming published up to August 14, 2024, in the English language were eligible for inclusion. The literature review yielded 92 studies, 43 of which met the inclusion criteria. The Anatomical Quality Assurance (AQUA) tool from the International Evidence‐Based Anatomy (iEBA) working group was used to assess and analyze the risk of bias in all the selected full‐text articles. The selected studies reported that Genelyn embalming provided life‐like joint range of motion, tissue pliability, and color. Cadaveric studies assessing embalming solutions typically had smaller sample sizes, and few of them compared Genelyn embalmed cadavers (GECs) with the other soft embalming solutions. Unlike Theil's embalming, Genelyn embalming is cost‐effective, with easy steps for the preparation and storage of the solution and convenient handling of cadavers. Therefore, GECs serve as an efficient tool for SSTs.
Optimal Sequence for Total Neoadjuvant Therapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: An Evidence‐Based Review
Authors: Ghalehtaki Reza , Nourbakhsh Forouzan , Abyaneh Romina , Sharifian Azadeh , Pashapour‐Khoyi Sheyda , Aghili Mahdi , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta , Couñago Felipe
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Historically, multimodal therapeutic strategies involving preoperative chemoradiotherapy (CRT), surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy (CT) have been employed to treat locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). Total Neoadjuvant Therapy (TNT) is showing promise in improving outcomes. Despite its benefits, the optimal sequencing within TNT—whether induction chemotherapy should precede or follow chemoradiotherapy—remains a critical question. This study endeavors to explore the effects of different TNT sequencing strategies on patient outcomes, including tumor downstaging, pathological response, organ preservation, and the balance between efficacy and tolerability.

Methods

Our methodology entailed a comprehensive literature review conducted on Medline, focusing on recent research, including retrospective studies, systematic reviews, and clinical trials. The review emphasized the comparison of induction chemotherapy versus consolidation chemotherapy within TNT regimens, assessing outcomes such as pathological response, organ preservation rates, and adverse effects. To ensure the selection of appropriate and high‐quality studies, specific inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied.

Results

The analysis revealed that induction chemotherapy might lead to decreased adherence to subsequent chemoradiotherapy while offering an early intervention against micrometastasis and potentially improving overall chemotherapy compliance. Conversely, consolidation chemotherapy has been associated with higher pathological complete response (pCR) rates and improved tolerability, indicating its potential for patients requiring local symptom relief or those eligible for a nonoperative management approach. Comparative studies like CAO/ARO/AIO‐12 and the OPRA trials have significantly contributed to our understanding, suggesting that while both strategies have distinct advantages, the choice between induction and consolidation chemotherapy should be tailored based on individual patient profiles and tumor characteristics.

Conclusion

This narrative review underscores the importance of a nuanced approach to TNT sequencing in locally advanced rectal cancer, highlighting the need for further research to refine treatment strategies.
Microcatheter tip fracture and acute vessel occlusion rescued with subintimal tracking and re‐entry: Move the tip
Authors: Francesco Giangiacomi , Luca Mircoli , Gabriele Tumminello , Stefano Carugo
Published: October 2024

The development of microcatheters capable of advancing through long, calcified, and tortuous vessels, produced an increase in the success rate of complex percutaneous coronary interventions. However, the aggressive manipulation of these materials may lead to potentially severe and threatening complications. We present a case of Turnpike Spiral (Teleflex) tip fracture, which caused an acute occlusion of the proximal right coronary artery. The coronary artery was tortuous and had two heavily calcified lesions in the proximal segment, uncrossable to both small angioplasty balloons and standard microcatheters. After the incarceration of the tip of the Turnpike Spiral in the calcium, it got fractured during the attempt of removing it from the vessel. This led to ST‐segment elevation and patient instability. Due to the impossibility of advancing a second guidewire into the true lumen, we decided to proceed to antegrade dissection and re‐entry using the scratch‐and‐go and subintimal tracking and re‐entry technique. We placed a guide‐extension and we used a Gaia II (Asahi Intecc) to enter the subintimal space and advance over the fractured tip. The wire was exchanged for a Gladius MG (Asahi Intecc), which re‐entered the true lumen at the level of the acute margin of the heart. Intravascular ultrasound was used to confirm the re‐entry point, and three drug eluting stents were placed. In this way we rapidly restored the flow in the right coronary artery, and we prevented a myocardial infarction.
Image‐based quality control of fresh concrete based on semantic segmentation algorithms
Authors: Schack Tobias , Coenen Max , Haist Michael
Published: October 2024

In practice, various empirical methods such as the flow table test or the slump test are in use worldwide for assessing the workability of fresh concrete on the construction site. The majority of these tests has in common, that fresh concrete is subjected to some kind of defined flow process on a standardized table‐like platform and that the geometrical properties of the material after the flow has ceased is determined by simple means such as measuring the flow cake diameter or its sag. The paper at hand proposes a novel image‐based approach for an automatic derivation of concrete properties as part of the flow table test. The image‐based method enables a digital evaluation of concrete properties. By combining digital image analysis and deep learning methods, not only the consistency but also an abundance of additional concrete properties can be derived from image data. In this way, the quality control of the fresh concrete can be expanded to include a large number of additional parameters, currently not available to the producer nor to the construction site. This data can be integrated into a digital control loop, with which communication between the concrete producer and the construction site can be automated using highly precise real‐time data.
The Spanish Society of Medicinal Chemistry: Promoting Pharmaceutical R&D in Spain since 1977
Authors: Bartolomé‐Nebreda José‐Manuel , de Pascual‐Teresa Beatriz , Gutiérrez‐Rodríguez Marta , Martín‐Martínez Mercedes
Published: October 2024

The Spanish Society of Medicinal Chemistry (Sociedad Española de Química Terapéutica SEQT), founded in 1977, aims to advance pharmaceutical research and education in Spain, collaborating with academia, industry, and public entities. It was initially linked with the Institute of Medicinal Chemistry from Spanish National Research Council (IQM‐CSIC), emphasizing the independence of medicinal chemistry as a discipline. SEQT′s presidency rotates between representatives from universities, research institutes, and industry, ensuring diverse perspectives. With around 500 members, SEQT represents sectors including universities, CSIC, and industry, with a notable presence of early‐career researchers. The Society actively participates in the European Federation for Medicinal chemistry and Chemical biology (EFMC). SEQT organizes conferences, summer schools, and mini symposia to facilitate networking and knowledge exchange among professionals. To support early‐career scientists, SEQT organizes symposia and awards, recognizing achievements in drug discovery. It fosters mentorship opportunities and engages with international networks like EFMC‐YSN. In 2023, SEQT established its Early Career Scientist (SEQT‐ECS) group to provide tailored support and resources. With over 40 years of experience, SEQT continues to evolve, embracing social media and adapting to changes in medicinal chemistry and chemical biology. It remains committed to supporting its members and advancing research to address human health challenges.
Biomechanics of the Human Knee Joint in Maximum Voluntary Isometric Flexion: Study of Changes in Applied Moment, Agonist–Antagonist Participations, Joint Center, and Flexion Angle
Authors: Salehi Pooya , Shirazi‐Adl Aboulfazl , Ghezelbash Farshid
Published: October 2024

Estimation of the knee joint strength by maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) is a common practice to assess strength, coordination, safety to return to work or engage in sports after an injury, and to evaluate the efficacy of treatment modalities and rehabilitation strategies. In this study, we utilize a previously validated coupled finite element‐musculoskeletal model of the lower extremity to explore the sensitivity of output measures (posterior cruciate ligament [PCL]/muscle/contact forces and passive moments) in knee MVIC flexion exercises at seated position. To do so, at three knee flexion angles (KFA), input measures (resistance moment and contribution moments of quadriceps and gastrocnemii) were varied at four levels each using the Taguchi design of experiment. Our findings reveal significant increases in PCL forces with KFA (p < 0.01), net MVIC moment (p < 0.01), and resistance moment of quadriceps (p < 0.01). In contrast, they drop at larger activity in gastrocnemii (p < 0.01). Tibiofemoral (TF) contact forces increase with the net MVIC moment (p < 0.01). The passive knee flexion moment, while highly dependent on the location at which computed, also increases with the net MVIC moment (p < 0.01). Changes in KFA, MVIC moment, and proportions thereof carried by quadriceps and/or gastrocnemii substantially affect biomechanics of the joint. Compared with level walking and stair ascent, slightly larger contact forces/stresses and much greater PCL forces are computed. This study improves our understanding of the knee joint behavior during MVIC in effective evaluation and rehabilitation interventions. Besides, it emphasizes the importance of positioning the joint center in model studies.
Human Mastication Analysis—A DEM Based Numerical Approach
Authors: Mishra Rajat , Deb Sagar Kumar , Chakrabarty Swasti , Das Manojit , Das Monalisa , Panda Sushanta Kumar , Tiwary Chandra Shekhar , Arora Amit
Published: October 2024

Mastication is an essential and preliminary step of the digestion process involving fragmentation and mixing of food. Controlled muscle movement of jaws with teeth executes crushing, leading towards fragmentation of food particles. Understanding various parameters involved with the process is essential to solve any biomedical complication in the area of interest. However, exploring and analyzing such process flow through an experimental route is challenging and inefficient. Computational techniques such as discrete element numerical modeling can effectively address such problems. The current work employs the Discrete Element Method (DEM) as a numerical modeling technique to simulate the human mastication process. Tavares and Ab‐T10 breakage models coupled with Gaudin Schumann and Incomplete Beta fragment distribution models have been implemented to analyze the fragmental distribution of food particles. The effect of particle shape (spherical, polyhedron, and faceted cylinder), size (aspect ratio), and orientation (vertical and horizontal) on breakage and fragment distribution is analyzed. To account for the elastic–plastic behavior and moisture content in food particles, modifications has been made in breakage models by incorporating numerical softening factor and adhesion force. The study demonstrates how numerical modeling techniques can be utilized to analyze the mastication process involving multiple process parameters.
Uncovering Patterns in Perceived Therapist Behaviour: A Latent Profile Analysis of Broaching Experiences Among Ethnic Minority Group Member Clients
Authors: Depauw Hilde , Van Hiel Alain
Published: October 2024

Objective

Recent research shows that for clients who identify as ethnic minority group members, therapists' effort to include ethnic‐cultural topics in therapy conversations—that is, broaching—is important for clients' evaluations of therapy and symptom improvement. However, little is known about how this is experienced by clients and how different patterns of broaching behaviours are related to the therapeutic process. This study aimed to identify meaningful combinations of therapist broaching behaviours in a sample of clients that identify as ethnic minority group members in outpatient psychotherapy (N = 452; 64.6% women, 33.6% men, 1.3% nonbinary; 0.4% preferred not to say; Mage = 33.8).

Methods

In the present research, we employed latent profile analysis to discern therapist profiles based on the similarity of their reported broaching behaviours. Group differences were analysed with Welch's analysis of variance.

Results

Five profiles were delineated, each revealing specific broaching patterns. The obtained profiles were named Pending, Neutral, Inappropriate, Uninvolved and Engaged. Reported cultural identity concealment was lower and client‐estimated improvement higher in the Pending and Engaged profiles compared to the Inappropriate profile. Both the Neutral and Uninvolved profiles yielded scores in between.

Conclusions

Pending and Engaged profiles are equally beneficial and the Inappropriate profile is the most harmful in terms of reported cultural concealment and client‐estimated improvement. Implications of findings for practice, training and research are discussed.
Selective Hydrogenation of Furfural Under Mild Conditions Over Single‐Atom Pd1/α‐MoC Catalyst
Authors: Liu Ziyue , Chen Xiaoli , Luo Mi , Jiang Qian , Li Xinyue , Yang Chengmei , Zhang Qi , Ma Longlong , Yan Long
Published: October 2024

The selective activation of C=O bonds was the key challenge in the field of biomass utilization. Researchers worked on this purpose by developing high‐active and high‐selective catalysts. In this study, a Pd1/α‐MoC single‐atom catalyst was synthesized and applied in selective hydrogenation of biomass‐derived furfural with 96.7 % conversion and 92.4 % selectivity under a near‐room temperature. With various characterizations, the formation of Pd single‐atom sites over the surface of α‐MoC was confirmed. Then, the dominant structure of Pd single‐atom site and the reaction pathway were proposed with experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies. Compared with undecorated α‐MoC, the introduction of Pd single‐atom species significantly altered the reaction mechanism from Meerwein‐Ponndorf‐Verley (MPV) process. Moreover, the Pd single‐atoms loading on α‐MoC(111) surface notably reduced the energy barriers of H2 activation and C=O bond hydrogenation, which may lead to the improving catalytic performance of α‐MoC based catalyst. Hence, this investigation could provide a new strategy and understanding for the development of high‐active and low‐cost catalysts.