bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mood Changes following Acute Tryptophan Depletion in Healthy Adults
Authors: Schmeck Klaus , Sadigorsky Shella , Englert Ekkehart , Demisch Lothar , Dierks Thomas , Barta Stefan , Poustka Fritz
Published: April 2003

A decrease in central serotonergic activity following plasma tryptophan depletion has been shown to provoke a deterioration of mood. We studied the impact of sex and aggressive traits on mood changes following tryptophan depletion in healthy volunteers. Twelve healthy subjects (6 males, 6 females, 24–31 years), who were screened for psychiatric and non-psychiatric medical illness, were administered a tryptophan-depleting amino acid mixture (TD) and a placebo mixture on two different occasions in a double-blind crossover design. Psychometric measures included the preliminary determination of aggressive traits and depression and repeated assessments of mood and emotionality. The tryptophan-free amino acid mixture caused a marked depletion of plasma tryptophan with lowest levels occurring between 3 and 5 h after TD. Maximum changes in mood occurred about 10 h after TD, but only in high-aggressive women who scored significantly higher in arousal, anger and depressed mood, whereas low-aggressive women and men did not show any effect of TD. In addition, we could not confirm an increase in aggressive mood (anger) after TD in males with higher scores of trait aggression, presumably because the level of trait aggression was not high enough in this group. Due to the small sample size, our results that tryptophan depletion exerts a rapid mood-lowering effect on healthy women with pre-existing aggressive traits can only be seen as preliminary and have to be confirmed in further studies with larger samples.
Comorbidity of Dependent Personality Disorder and Separation Anxiety Disorder in Addictive Disorders and in Healthy Subjects
Authors: Loas Gwenolé , Atger Frédéric , Perdereau Fabienne , Verrier Annie , Guelfi Julien-Daniel , Halfon Olivier , Lang François , Bizouard Paul , Venisse Jean-Luc , Perez-Diaz Fernando , Corcos Maurice , Flament Martine , Jeammet Philippe
Published: April 2003

The aim of the study was to determine the comorbidity of dependent personality disorder (DPD) and separation anxiety disorder (SAD) in large nonclinical and clinical samples. Using a cross-sectional method, the relationship between these disorders was studied in 784 healthy subjects and in 708 subjects presenting with various addictive behaviors. DPD was significantly associated with SAD in healthy subjects, alcoholics, drug abusers and anorectic and bulimic patients. The comorbidities of SAD and DPD suggest that specific therapeutic strategies could be discussed. Moreover, longitudinal studies are required to determine if SAD constitutes a risk factor for DPD.
Nerve Blocks in Stereotactic Neurosurgery
Authors: Kocuj F. , Epple J. , Polarz Heinrich , Tronnier Volker M. , Martin Eike
Published: April 2003

The advantage of performing preoperative nerve blocks of the supraorbital and occipital nerves facilitates frame fixation and the perioperative management of patients in stereotactic neurosurgery, resulting in better patient handling with reduced intraoperative medication and less monitoring by anesthesia personnel.
Intravitreal Penetration of Cefepime after Systemic Administration to Humans
Authors: Aras Cengiz , Ozdamar Akif , Ozturk Recep , Karacorlu Murat , Ozkan Sehirbay
Published: April 2003

Purpose: To investigate the penetration of cefepime (a fourth-generation cephalosporin) into the vitreous after single-dose intravenous administration to human subjects. Methods: Thirty phakic patients about to undergo vitreous surgery received 1 g (group 1, 15 patients) or 2 g cefepime (group 2, 15 patients) in a single intravenous injection before surgery. The indications for vitreous surgery were retinal detachment with proliferative vitreoretinopathy (24 patients), retinal detachment associated with giant retinal tear (4 patients), macular hole (1 patient) and intraocular foreign body (1 patient). Samples of vitreous and serum were obtained at 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 12 h after injection. Three patients were used for each sampling time and for 1 g and 2 g of cefepime. Samples were assayed for cefepime concentrations with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: All the patients had detectable cefepime in their vitreous and serum measurable by HPLC. The level of cefepime in the vitreous peaked at 2 h and reached a minimum at 12 h after intravenous injection in both groups. A mean peak vitreous level of cefepime was 1.91 ± 0.13 µg/ml in group 1 and 2.86 ± 0.37 µg/ml in group 2. The level of cefepime in the vitreous at 12 h after injection was 0.89 ± 0.14 µg/ml in group 1 and 0.97 ± 0.30 µg/ml in group 2. Conclusion: The vitreous level of cefepime after intravenous injection was below the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC90) against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was over the MIC90 against Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella spp., Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Enterobacter spp.
Choroidal Neovascularization Occurring Concurrently in Myopic Eyes of Monozygotic Twins
Authors: Matsuo Toshihiko , Seguchi Jiro , Shiraga Fumio , Takesue Yoshiko , Sakaguchi Noriko
Published: April 2003

Purpose: To present young monozygotic twins both of whom developed choroidal neovascularization at the same time. Case/Observations: Monozygotic twins, 22-year-old women, who lived in the same house, developed choroidal neovascularization in the left eye at the same time. The degree of myopia was higher in the left eye (–7.75 and –8.5 dpt in spherical equivalent) than in the right eye (–6.75 and –4.5 dpt) of both patients. The choroidal neovascularization regressed in a different time course and the visual acuity returned to normal in both patients. Conclusion: This pair of monozygotic twins suggests that both genetic and environmental factors underlie the development of choroidal neovascularization in myopic eyes.
Axial Length Measurements after Cataract Surgery in Adults
Authors: Lesiewska-Junk Hanna , Malukiewicz-Wiśniewska Grażyna
Published: April 2003

The purpose of the study was to check the difference in eye axial length before and after cataract surgery and to find out the possible correlation with refraction changes. The axial length was measured by ultrasound before and after cataract extraction with intraocular lens implantation. Keratometry measurements were also performed. The study comprised 32 eyes. The mean difference in axial length was 0.53 mm. The mean difference in keratometry was 0.37 D. There was no correlation between these values. Conclusion: The changes in axial length are not due to corneal curve changes. Perhaps in pseudophakic eyes different ultrasound velocity should be used.
Outcome of Penetrating Keratoplasty in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Pleyer Uwe , Bertelmann Eckart , Rieck Peter , Hartmann Christian
Published: April 2003

Background: Keratolysis in rheumatoid arthritis is a well-known disorder that may rapidly destroy the entire corneal stroma, resulting in descemetocele formation and eventually corneal perforation. The purpose of this study was to determine the anatomical and functional results of therapeutic penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in these patients. Patients and Methods: We reviewed the charts of patients having undergone PK over a 5-year period and evaluated the outcome. In 16 eyes of 15 patients, PKs were performed (graft diameter 3.0–11.0 mm) because of corneal melting with perforation or descemetocele formation. In 9 eyes, we used topical cyclosporine A (2%) as an adjunct therapy after transplantation in addition to systemic immunosuppressive agents. Results: Following a mean follow-up time of 17 months, anatomical success could be achieved in all eyes; none of the eyes underwent enucleation or evisceration. Postoperative complications following the first PK were epithelial keratopathy in 8 eyes (50%), corneal ulceration in 5 eyes (31%), fistulation in 4 eyes (25%), suture loosing in 4 eyes (25%) and graft rejection in 2 eyes (13%). Additionally 5 regrafts were required because of recurrence of corneal melting or persistent deep stromal defects. Comparison of complications of the patients receiving topical cyclosporine A to the control group showed a statistically significant lower incidence of epithelial keratopathy (p < 0.025) and ulcer recurrence in the cyclosporine A group during the first 3 months postoperatively (p < 0.05). The final best corrected visual acuity was 20/40 in 4 eyes but was limited to 20/200 or less in 7 eyes. Conclusion: Whereas PK can be successful to restore the anatomical integrity of severely altered eyes, the high prevalence of complications limits the indication for PK as a last stage procedure when other methods of management have failed. The use of topical cyclosporine A as adjunct therapy needs further evaluation.
Pine Processionary Caterpillar Allergenicity Increases during Larval Development
Authors: Rebollo S. , Moneo I. , Vega J.M. , Herrera I. , Caballero M.L.
Published: April 2003

Background: In European countries, pine processionary caterpillar (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) is one of the species of Lepidoptera able to affect humans. Its allergenicity has been demonstrated in previous studies. However, in all of them larval extract in the fifth stage of development has been used as antigen. Therefore, allergenicity of other larval stages was unknown. The objective of our study was to detect allergenic changes of pine processionary caterpillar during larval development. Methods: Pine processionary caterpillar extracts in all larval stages were analyzed by SDS-PAGE. Immunoblotting was performed using patient sera with suggestive history of allergy and a positive prick test.
Allergies to Cross-Reactive Plant Proteins
Authors: Yagami Takeshi
Published: April 2003

Both latex-fruit syndrome and oral allergy syndrome concomitant with pollinosis (pollen-food allergy syndrome) are considered to be caused by cross-reactivity between sensitizers and symptom elicitors. The cross-reactive food allergens relevant to these syndromes are mostly sensitive to heat and digestive enzymes. Such a vulnerable antigen cannot sensitize people perorally but provokes allergic reactions in already sensitized patients based on its cross-reactivity to the corresponding sensitizer. These types of food allergens are often called incomplete food allergens or nonsensitizing elicitors. Their features contrast with those of complete food allergens that have the capacity for peroral sensitization as well as symptom elicitation. Although highly antigenic and cross-reactive, carbohydrate epitopes do not generally elicit allergic reactions and often disturb in vitro IgE tests. Recent research has revealed that some of the cross-reactive allergens responsible for the two syndromes are proteins related to the defense responses of higher plants. Plant defense-related proteins are relatively conserved in the course of evolution and can supply cross-reactive epitopes. It is important to note that various stresses can stimulate the expression of these proteins, which implies that allergens increase in plants under stressful conditions like severe growing situations and exposure to some kinds of chemicals. Because defense-related proteins usually provide a plant with resistance to stresses, varieties that are apt to intensively induce such proteins are agriculturally valuable. Less toxic substances that cause crops to express defensive proteins are being investigated as a new type of agrochemical. Moreover, some defense-related proteins are going to be constantly produced in genetically modified plants. Even though these proteins can be useful agriculturally, their allergenicity should be evaluated carefully.
A Pilot Trial of Combination Cisplatin, 5-Fluorouracil and Interferon-α in the Treatment of Advanced Esophageal Carcinoma
Authors: Bazarbashi Shouki , Rahal Mohammed , Raja Madras A. , El Weshi Amr , Pai Chandrashekar , Ezzat Adnan , Ajarim Dahish , Memon Mohammed , Al Fadda Mohammed
Published: April 2003

Background/Objectives: Based on the synergistic effect between cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), and between 5-FU and interferon-α, we conducted a trial to assess the response rate and toxicity of the combination of cisplatin, 5-FU and interferon-α in patients with advanced esophageal cancer. Methods: Patients with locally advanced or metastatic squamous cell or adenocarcinoma of the esophagus were eligible. No prior chemotherapy or interferon were allowed. Patients received cisplatin 80 mg/m2 on day 1, 5-FU 750 mg/m2/day by continuous intravenous infusion for 5 days, and interferon-α 5 × 106 units/m2/day by subcutaneous injection on days 1–5 of each cycle. Cycles were repeated every 21 days for a total of 6 cycles. Results: Forty patients were enrolled. Median age was 57.5 years (range 30–70). 33 had squamous carcinoma and 7 adenocarcinoma; 15 were male; the locoregional metastatic ratio was 1:39; median ECOG performance status was 2 (range 1–3). Grade 3–4 toxicities were: leukopenia (9 cases), thrombocytopenia (4), electrolyte imbalance (11), febrile neutropenia (11), vomitting (5), diarrhea (4), and mucositis (11). There were 3 early deaths, most probably related to therapy. Five patients (13%) achieved a complete response and 17 (42%) achieved a partial response, yielding an overall response rate of 55%. Response rates for squamous and adeno histology were 61% and 29%, respectively. Median survival was 6.4 months. Conclusion: The combination of cisplatin, 5-FU and interferon-α produces a high response rate in advanced squamous cell esophageal carcinoma, but with considerable toxicity. A modified combination of the above agents is presently being evaluated at our institution.
Presence of mec Genes and Overproduction of Beta-Lactamase in the Expression of Low-Level Methicillin Resistance among Staphylococci
Authors: Petinaki E. , Arvaniti A. , Bartzavali C. , Dimitracopoulos G. , Spiliopoulou I.
Published: April 2003

Detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococci is critical for the management of infected patients in the hospital. A total of 55 nonreplicated clinical isolates of staphylococci (31 Staphylococcus aureus and 24 coagulase-negative staphylococci; CNS) collected during a one-year period and expressing low-level resistance to methicillin (oxacillin MIC of 2–4 mg/l for S. aureus and 0.5–4 mg/l for CNS) were studied. mec determinants and overproduction of β-lactamase were investigated and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was applied as a typing method. Twenty-four S. aureus isolates and 19 CNS carried the mecA gene. The presence of mecR1/mecI and blaR1/blaI genes correlated with the expression of low-level methicillin resistance in CNS. Four mecA-negative isolates (2 S. aureus and 2 CNS) overproduced β-lactamase. PFGE revealed the presence of 2 major clonal types in mecA-positive S. aureus isolates, and 3 in CNS. Low-level methicillin resistance of staphylococci is correlated with the presence of the mecA gene and overproduction of β-lactamase.
Interactions between the New Cytotoxic Drug CHS 828 and Amiloride and Mitomycin C in a Human Tumour Cell Line and in Tumour Cells from Patients
Authors: Ekelund Sara , Persson Ingrid , Larsson Rolf , Nygren Peter
Published: April 2003

Background: CHS 828 is a novel cyanoguanidine with cytotoxic properties which was recently shown to induce an early increase in extracellular acidification. This could hypothetically be exploited for combination with drugs interfering with, or being dependent on, pH for their effect. Methods: The isobole method and the additive model were used to evaluate the combinations CHS 828-amiloride and CHS 828-mitomycin C (MMC) in the lymphoma cell line U-937 GTB and in primary cultures of tumour cells from patients. Results: Amiloride, which blocks the Na+/H+ antiport, shifted the CHS 828 dose-response curve to the left in a synergistic manner according to the additive interaction model. MMC is a bioreductive drug with enhanced cytotoxicity at acidic pH. A lowering of pH induced by CHS 828 would theoretically create a favourable environment for bioreduction of MMC. The interaction between these drugs was mainly classified as additive by both methods, but was synergistic at the highest effect level tested. In addition, there were sub-additive to synergistic interactions between CHS 838 and MMC in 76% of the haematological samples tested. Conclusions: Circumstantial evidence indicated that the mechanisms for the interactions could be pH independent. Thus, the interaction between CHS 828 and amiloride was synergistic while the interaction between CHS 828 and MMC in tumour cells was at least additive.
Retinal and Choroidal Vasculature in Rats with Spontaneous Diabetes Type 2 Treated with the Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor Cilazapril: Corrosion Cast and Electron-Microscopic Study
Authors: Bhutto Imran Ahmed , Lu Zhong-Yang , Takami Yumiko , Amemiya Tsugio
Published: April 2003

The long-term effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor cilazapril on retinal and choroidal circulation in rats with spontaneous diabetes type 2 were assessed by corrosion casts, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy. One group of 20 male Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats was treated with 10 mg/kg/day of cilazapril from 4 to 64 weeks of age, and 20 other OLETF rats received no treatment. A third group, 20 male Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LETO) rats, served as age-matched controls. At regular intervals, the rats were weighed, and their blood glucose was measured. Before the experiment, their systolic blood pressure and total cholesterol level were determined. At 64 weeks of age, the OLETF rats weighed significantly less than the cilazapril-treated OLETF and the LETO rats (p < 0.0001). At the same age, 100% of the untreated OLETF rats had bilateral cataracts, while the lens was clear and no fundus abnormality was detected in the cilazapril-treated OLETF rats and the LETO rats. Cilazapril lowered systolic blood pressure to a nearly normal level, significantly prevented the increase in blood sugar and inhibited the increase in serum cholesterol in the OLETF rats throughout the treatment. In the 64-week-old OLETF rats without treatment, corrosion cast and SEM revealed diabetic retinal and choroidal vascular changes: tortuosity of the vessels, variations in caliber, narrowing of arteries, arterio-arteriolar anastomoses and hairpin loop formation in precapillary arterioles, sparse collecting venules in the choroid and marked capillary changes such as caliber irregularity, narrowing, tortuosity, loop formation and decreased capillaries, outpouching and microaneurysms. In the cilazapril-treated OLETF rats, these changes were markedly decreased to the level seen in the LETO rats, in which the retinal and choroidal blood vessels had a definite and fairly constant pattern and the capillaries were more regularly and densely arranged and had a remarkably uniform caliber. Our results show that the long-term administration of cilazapril before or from the initial onset significantly prevented the increase in blood sugar and inhibited the increases in serum cholesterol in OLETF rats throughout the treatment, lowered systolic arterial pressure to a nearly normal level and prevented diabetic ocular complications. The effects of cilazapril on the diabetic retinal and choroidal vasculature are described for the first time. SEM of corrosion casts is a valuable and easy technique for showing precisely and three-dimensionally the effects of some drugs on the vasculature.
Effect of Tranilast on Proliferation, Collagen Gel Contraction, and Transforming Growth Factor Beta Secretion of Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells and Fibroblasts
Authors: Yasukawa Tsutomu , Kimura Hideya , Dong Jin , Tabata Yasuhiko , Miyamoto Hideki , Honda Yoshihito , Ogura Yuichiro
Published: April 2003

The efficiency of tranilast for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR) was investigated in vitro. A tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay showed that the 300-µM concentration of tranilast inhibited proliferation of bovine retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells and rabbit dermal fibroblasts with no toxicity. The contraction of collagen gels embedded with these cells was evaluated in the cultures. Compared with the gel incubated with minimal essential medium and 0.35% bovine serum albumin and/or fetal calf serum, tranilast inhibited gel contraction. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay revealed that a 300-µM concentration of tranilast inhibited transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) secretion significantly (p < 0.01). These results suggest that tranilast may inhibit the proliferation of RPE cells and fibroblasts and contraction of intraocular fibrous membranes by suppressing TGF-β1 secretion from these cells with a potential to treat PVR.
Trauma-Localized Fixed Drug Eruption: Involvement of Burn Scars, Insect Bites and Venipuncture Sites
Authors: Mizukawa Yoshiko , Shiohara Tetsuo
Published: April 2003

Little is known about why fixed drug eruption (FDE) lesions initially appear in a particular area of predilection. We describe 2 cases in whom the FDE lesions initially appeared exactly at the same sites of a previous trauma, such as burn scars and insect bites, and at a venipuncture site. The interval between the original trauma and the initial onset of FDE ranged from 2 days to 22 years. These ‘trauma-localized’ FDE lesions are helpful for our understanding of the mechanisms of FDE and other skin diseases, which often appear in their particular areas of predilection, a finding known as ‘recall phenomenon’.
Evaluation of Soluble Fas Ligand as a Serological Marker for Melanoma
Authors: Melzani Giulia , Bugari Giovanna , Parrinello Giovanni , Mori Giovanni , Manganoni Ausilia Maria , De Panfilis Giuseppe
Published: April 2003

Background: Fas ligand (Fas-L), which is expressed by melanoma cells, can be cleaved from cell membranes and become soluble (soluble Fas-L, sFas-L). No previous study examined sFas-L levels in patients affected with all clinical stages of melanoma. Objective: To investigate if sFas-L can be considered a serological marker for melanoma. Methods: Serological sFas-L values in 114 patients with melanoma and 25 controls were measured by using ELISA. Results: sFas-L values in patients were not significantly higher than in controls. They were not significantly different, moreover, when patient groups belonging to different clinical stages were compared with the control group. Two patients affected with distant metastases had the highest sFas-L values. Conclusion: sFas-L cannot be considered, within the limits of this study, as a serological marker for the detection of melanoma. Further studies are needed to evaluate whether sFas-L can be used as a marker for disease progression and/or prediction of therapy outcome.
Cytokine Pattern in Blister Fluid and Sera of Patients with Pemphigus
Authors: Baroni Adone , Perfetto Brunella , Ruocco Eleonora , Greco Rita , Criscuolo Daniela , Ruocco Vincenzo
Published: April 2003

Background: Pemphigus is a chronic auto-immune blistering disease with four main variants, i.e. pemphigus vulgaris (PV), foliaceus (PF), erythematosus (PE) and vegetans. The common histological feature of this disease is acantholysis. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare levels of some cytokines in blister fluid and sera of patients with pemphigus, using as control blister fluid of patients with bullous pemphigoid (BP) and bullous contact dermatitis (BCD). Methods: Using an immuno-enzymatic assay (ELISA), we tested 16 sera and 6 blister fluids of patients with various forms of pemphigus (13 with PV, 1 with PF, 2 with PE), the sera of 16 healthy control subjects, 5 blister fluids of patients with BP and 5 blister fluids of patients with BCD, for the presence of some cytokines (IL-10, IL-8 and IFN-γ). Intercellular antibodies were searched for and titred; desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels were independently evaluated to compare them with the severity of both cutaneous and oral involvement. Results: The levels of IL-10 in the sera of patients with pemphigus were below the detection limits. IL-8 was significantly increased only in 4 samples of sera from pemphigus patients compared with controls, while IFN-γ was detected at low levels in almost all patients compared with sera of controls. The cytokine levels in blister fluid of patients with pemphigus were significantly higher than in the sera. There was a difference between the expression of cytokines in blister fluid of control patients with BP and BCD compared with those of pemphigus patients. Conclusion: This report discusses the anti-inflammatory role played by IL-10 in the chronic form of pemphigus and the hypothesis of a possible role of IL-8 in neutrophil and lymphocyte-monocyte recruitment.
Eruptive Multiple Lentigo-Maligna-Like Lesions in a Patient Undergoing Chemotherapy with an Oral 5-Fluorouracil Prodrug for Metastasizing Colorectal Carcinoma: A Lesson for the Pathogenesis of Malignant Melanoma?
Authors: Bogenrieder Thomas , Weitzel Christof , Schölmerich Jürgen , Landthaler Michael , Stolz Wilhelm
Published: April 2003

Induction of multiple eruptive dermal and atypical melanocytic naevi has frequently been reported in children with malignant haematological diseases and chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression. This is the first report of an adult patient to develop multiple eruptive melanocytic skin lesions while undergoing chemotherapy with an oral 5-fluorouracil prodrug for metastasizing cancer. Our observation adds further evidence to the link between systemic (iatrogenic or intrinsic) immunosuppression and the induction of melanocyte proliferation and transformation.
Pulpal Responses to Caries and Dental Repair
Authors: Smith A.J.
Published: April 2003

The dentine-pulp complex shows a broad spectrum of responses to caries of the dental tissues, which represents a summation of injury, defence and repair events taking place. The relative importance of these various events will reflect both the extent of disease activity and metabolic state of the tissues. This review examines the interplay between these events and the opportunities for tissue regeneration following caries.
Plaque Fluoride Concentrations Are Dependent on Plaque Calcium Concentrations
Authors: Whitford Gary M. , Wasdin John L. , Schafer Tara E. , Adair Steven M.
Published: April 2003

Despite the 1,000-fold difference between the fluoride concentrations ([F]) in dentifrices and fluoridated drinking water, clinical and epidemiological studies have shown that they have similar cariostatic effects. This double-blind, crossover study was done to determine whether the [F] in dental plaque is related more to the [F] of the dentifrice used or to the plaque concentrations of calcium and magnesium. The subjects (n = 13) were adults and residents of a city served with fluoridated drinking water. After 1 week of using a fluoridated dentifrice (940 ppm) or a placebo dentifrice, whole saliva and plaque were collected 1.0 h and approximately 12 h after the last use of the dentifrices. The average salivary [F] after brushing with the F dentifrice was higher than after using the placebo. The average plaque [F] 1.0 h after brushing with the F dentifrice was higher than after using the placebo (p < 0.01), but the difference at 12 h was not significant. Plaque [Ca] and [F] were directly related under all experimental conditions (p = 0.0001). The relationships between plaque [Mg] and [F] were weaker and inconsistent. Based on these findings and reports in the literature it is concluded that, for persons whose drinking water is fluoridated, plaque [F] throughout much of the day is not significantly increased by the use of a fluoridated dentifrice. Instead they are directly related to plaque [Ca]. These findings offer at least a partial explanation for why fluoridated dentifrices and drinking water have similar cariostatic effects.
Microstaging of pT1 Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Bladder
Authors: Sözen Sinan , Akbal Cem , Sökmensüer Cenk , Ekici Sinan , Özen Haluk
Published: April 2003

Introduction: Our objective was to evaluate the feasibility and value of microstaging in pT1 transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder in a well-defined group of patients treated with transurethral resection (TUR) only. Materials and Methods: The clinical records of 152 patients who underwent TUR for the treatment of primary superficial TCC of the bladder between 1983 and 1997 were reviewed. Patients with primary carcinoma in situ and who received adjuvant intravesical treatments were excluded from study. We subclassified the pT1 tumors into two groups according to muscularis mucosae (MM) invasion (pT1 and pT1b). The recurrence and progression rate of cancers was analyzed according to the stage, grade, multiplicity and tumor size. Mean follow-up was 68 months. Estimation of the cumulative distribution of the disease-free interval in separate groups was calculated according to the Kaplan-Meier method. Multivariate analysis of the data was performed by using Cox regression method. A value of p < 0.05 was taken to be statistically significant with odds ratios. Results: Of the 152 patients, tumor stage was pTa in 62 (40.8%) patients and pT1 in 90 (59.2%) patients. Among those pT1 tumors, MM was identified in 50 (55.5%) of cases (pT1a = 34, pT1b = 16). In the remaining 40 (44.5%) patients, MM could not be assessed. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that recurrence and progression were statistically significant for stage, multiplicity and grade of tumor. However, multivariate analysis revealed that stage was the only prognostic factor for recurrence and progression (p = 0.0001). Conclusion: The present study underscores the fact that pT1b tumors have a distinct natural history. If initial conservative treatment is selected, the patients must be followed very cautiously.
Autoantibodies from an SLE patient immunostain the Barr body
Authors: Brooks W.H. , Satoh M. , Hong B. , Reeves W.H. , Yang T.P.
Published: April 2003

To identify specific autoimmune disorders that produce autoantibodies against the mammalian Barr body, sera from 185 autoimmune patients were screened using indirect immunofluorescence on human fibroblasts. Serum from a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus immunostained epi- topes concentrated at the Barr body in female fibroblasts. Such autoantibodies provide a novel tool for characterization of Barr body composition and structure.
Ewing’s tumour: Novel recurrent chromosomal abnormalities demonstrated by molecular cytogenetic analysis of seven cell lines and one primary culture
Authors: Shing D.C. , Morley-Jacob C.A. , Roberts I. , Nacheva E. , Coleman N.
Published: April 2003

Conventional cytogenetics has led to the identification of the primary t(11;22)(q24;q12) translocation in the Ewing’s family of tumours, and to the demonstration of certain recurring secondary aberrations that may contribute to neoplastic progression. Other important cytogenetic abnormalities may previously have been overlooked due to the limited resolution of chromosome banding. Here, we have applied the molecular cytogenetic techniques of spectral karyotyping, multiplex-fluorescence in situ hybridisation and comparative genomic hybridisation to the characterisation of seven Ewing’s tumour cell lines and one primary culture. These complementary techniques have enabled us to produce a detailed description of the karyotypes of the cell lines and to demonstrate recurring numerical and structural abnormalities. In particular, we have identified a novel, unbalanced translocation involving chromosomes 16 and 17 in three of eight samples, including the primary culture. The unbalanced translocation was associated with comparative genomic hybridisation evidence of loss of 16q and 17p, copy number imbalances that were seen in five and four of the eight samples respectively. Recurrent breakpoints at 16p11.2, 16q11.1, 17p11.2 and 17q11.2 were identified. Our findings indicate that chromosomes 16 and 17 should be investigated further in the search for genes involved in the development of Ewing’s family tumours.
Chromosomal localization of three vacuolar-H+-ATPase 16 kDa subunit (ATP6V0C) genes in the murine genome
Authors: Simckes A.M. , Swanson S.K. , White R.A.
Published: April 2003

Vacuolar-H+-ATPase (V-H-ATPase) is a large multimeric protein composed of at least 12 distinct subunits. The 16-kDa hydrophobic proteolipid subunit (ATP6V0C; ATPase, H+ transporting, lysosomal 16 kDa, V0 subunit C) plays a central role in H+ transport across cellular membranes. We have mapped three ATP6V0C genes (Atp6v0c, Atp6v0c-ps1 and Atp6voc-ps2) in the murine genome. Atp6v0c-ps1 and Atp6v0c-ps2 map to Chromosomes 7 and 6, respectively. Atp6v0c maps to Chromosome 17, closely linked to the Tsc2 locus and D17Mit55. This region of Chromosome 17 in mouse is homologous with chromosome 16 in human where the ATP6V0C gene is localized.
Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of the mouse gene (Scgb3a1, alias Ugrp2) that encodes a member of the novel uteroglobin-related protein gene family
Authors: Niimi T. , Copeland N.G. , Gilbert D.J. , Jenkins N.A. , Srisodsai A. , Zimonjic D.B. , Keck-Waggoner C.L. , Popescu N.C. , Kimura S.
Published: April 2003

The mouse UGRP gene family consists of two genes, Ugrp1 and Ugrp2. In this study, the genomic structure and expression patterns of Ugrp2 and its alternative spliced form were characterized. The authentic Ugrp2 gene has three exons and two introns, similar to the Ugrp1 gene, which produces a secreted protein. The Ugrp2 variant uses a sequence located between authentic exons 1 and 2, resulting in a cytoplasmic form due to a termination codon within the inserted sequence. Both mouse and human UGRP2 mRNAs are expressed in lung. In the case of human, the mRNA is expressed at the highest level in trachea, followed by salivary gland at a level similar to lung. Weak expression was also found in fetal lung and mammary gland. Ugrp2 was mapped by fluorescence in situ hybridization to mouse chromosome 11A5–B1 and human chromosome 5q35. These regions are known to be homologous. Interspecific mouse backcross mapping was also performed to obtain further detailed localization of mouse Ugrp1 and Ugrp2.
Expression in Mouse Kidney of Membrane Copper Transporters Atp7a and Atp7b
Authors: Moore Steven D.P. , Cox Diane W.
Published: April 2003

Copper is essential for activity of many enzymes, but is toxic in excess. Several copper proteins are required for copper homeostasis. ATP7A and ATP7B are genes encoding membrane copper transporters. ATP7A, defective in Menkes disease (MNK), is expressed in many tissues involved primarily in copper uptake from dietary sources. ATP7B, defective in Wilson disease (WND), is essential for copper excretion. Although MNK patients have a copper deficiency in most tissues, copper accumulates in proximal tubules in the kidney. WND patients also have copper accumulation in the proximal tubules. In some WND patients this copper accumulation may result in tubular dysfunction, resulting in the increased excretion of low molecular weight substances (e.g. amino acids and calcium). In mouse, we have demonstrated, by in situ hybridization, the expression pattern in the kidney of mouse orthologues, Atp7a and Atp7b, and have confirmed Atp7b expression by immunohistochemistry. Both Atp7a and Atp7b are expressed in glomeruli; however, Atp7b is also seen in the kidney medulla. This suggests that glomeruli are responsible for regulating copper levels in the filtrate. In WND patients, urinary copper levels are extremely high suggesting Atp7b in the loops of Henle may have a role in copper reabsorption.
Time Course of Serum Prolactin and Sex Hormones following Successful Renal Transplantation
Authors: Saha Marja-Terttu , Saha Heikki H.T. , Niskanen Leo K. , Salmela Kaija T. , Pasternack Amos I.
Published: April 2003

Background: Chronic renal failure is commonly associated with disturbances in hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal function. Methods: The gonadotrophins, prolactin and estradiol or testosterone levels were measured immediately before renal transplantation, at discharge from the transplantation unit (19 ± 8 days after Tx) and 6 months after transplantation in 21 patients, 7 females and 14 males, age range 21–60 years. Results: The mean prolactin level was high during uremia and decreased rapidly after transplantation, from 441 to 167 mU/l in males and from 1,057 to 521 mU/l in females. Hypergonadotrophism was seen in most uremic patients, with the mean LH and FSH levels of 14.2 and 6.0 U/l in males and 14.7 and 4.0 U/l in females, respectively. A temporary change to hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism took place 2–3 weeks after transplantation and was followed by normalization of the hypothalamic-gonadal function. The levels of circulating sex steroids were suppressed when the patients were discharged from the transplantation unit but returned to the normal range at 6 months. Conclusions: We conclude that renal transplantation corrects the hyperprolactinemia induced by uremia and is followed by rapid onset of restoration of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.
Potassium-Lowering Effect of Mineralocorticoid Therapy in Patients Undergoing Hemodialysis
Authors: Furuya Ryuichi , Kumagai Hiromichi , Sakao Tadashi , Maruyama Yukitaka , Hishida Akira
Published: April 2003

The present study was conducted to examine potassium lowering effect of exogenous mineralocorticoid (fludrocortisone acetate; FCA) administration to the patients with chronic renal failure undergoing hemodialysis. Fifteen patients on hemodialysis receiving FCA with its dosage gradually increased from 0 to 0.20 mg/day were observed for five successive 4-week periods. The serum potassium concentration was significantly decreased after FCA administration concomitant with the decrease of the salivary sodium to potassium ratio. Such decrease in serum potassium concentration was more significant in patients with <150 pg/ml of plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) (low PAC group) than in those with ≧150 pg/ml of PAC (high PAC group). 0.05 mg of FCA was sufficient to lower serum potassium in low PAC group, while 0.15 mg of FCA was required for high PAC group. FCA administration did not affect serum sodium, chloride and bicarbonate concentrations. Body weight and blood pressure were not increased during the experimental periods. There were no significant changes in plasma level of glucose, insulin, epinephrine and norepinephrine. These results suggested that FCA could be effective to treat hyperkalemia without any adverse effects in patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Congenital Ranula
Authors: Ugboko V.I. , Hassan O. , Prasad S. , Amole A.O.
Published: April 2003

We report 2 unusual cases of congenital ranula in male Nigerian infants. Clinical examination could not discern the orifice of the submandibular duct on the affected sides, while a lower occlusal radiograph revealed no obvious calculi. Diagnosis was mainly by clinical presentation. The paper highlights possible aetiopathogenesis, clinical aspects and diagnostic features. Emphasis is laid on the need for careful evaluation of oral ranulas in order to discern their origin and provide appropriate treatment.
Sentinel Node Biopsy: The Technique and the Feasibility in Head and Neck Cancer
Authors: von Buchwald Christian , Bilde Anders , Shoaib Taimur , Ross Gary
Published: April 2003

Management of the clinically N₀ neck in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma is still under debate. Tumour spread to the neck is the most important prognostic factor in head and neck cancer patients. The sentinel node technique comprises the identification of the sentinel node by means of dye or isotope or a combination, and surgical removal followed by histological examination. We have reviewed the preliminary reports indicating that sentinel node identification is technically feasible in head and neck cancer surgery, i.e. in solitary and unilaterally oral and pharyngeal cancer stages T1 and T2 with clinical N₀. However, the existing reports enrole observational studies, thus randomised trials should be considered to gain maximum valid data to prove that sentinel node biopsy has an effect on parameters such as loco-regional control and survival.
Use of Near Infrared Spectroscopy for Estimation of Peripheral Venous Saturation in Newborns: Comparison with Co-Oximetry of Central Venous Blood
Authors: Bay-Hansen Rikke , Elfving Betina , Greisen Gorm
Published: April 2003

In the intensive care of sick infants, the global oxygen reserve capacity is estimated by co-oximetry (co-ox) of blood sampled from central venous catheters. Introduction of a noninvasive alternative is desirable. Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) offers a technique for noninvasive bedside monitoring of tissue oxygen economy. We studied the relation between peripheral venous oxyhemoglobin saturation (SvO2) estimated by venous occlusion and NIRS, and the central SvO2 measured by co-ox of central venous blood. We report the high reproducibility of NIRS with a test-retest variation of only 2.51 ± 1.41%. After bias adjusting of NIRS SvO2 values, a nice correlation (r = 0.96, p > 0.05) between NIRS measurements of peripheral SvO2 and co-ox of central venous blood was found. The study indicates that NIRS is practical for monitoring relative changes in central venous saturation. This might be useful in the future clinical care of newborns.
Activity of Enzymes Involved in Energy Production in the Small Intestine during Suckling-Weaning Transition of Pigs
Authors: Madej Malgorzata , Lundh Torbjörn , Lindberg Jan Erik
Published: April 2003

The effect of weaning on a potential metabolic capacity of key enzymes involved in the energy production by porcine enterocytes was investigated. The activity of citrate synthase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase was determined in the small intestine epithelium of piglets during suckling-weaning transition. Investigations were performed on 5-week-old (suckling), 6-week-old (1st week after weaning) and 7-week-old (2nd week after weaning) piglets. The activity of glutamate dehydrogenase decreased (p < 0.05) during the 1st week after weaning, and remained numerically lower during the 2nd week after weaning than in suckling piglets. The activities of isocitrate dehydrogenase and alanine aminotransferase showed the same pattern as the glutamate dehydrogenase activity and decreased numerically during the 1st and 2nd weeks. The activities of citrate synthase and α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase were numerically lower in post-weaned piglets (1st and 2nd weeks) than in suckling piglets. In contrast, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase was high and remained unchanged from week 5 to the 2nd week post-weaning. The activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferase were positively correlated in suckling piglets (r = 0.98, p < 0.05) and at the 1st week after weaning (r = 0.99, p < 0.01). Also, both aminotransferases were positively correlated to the activity of α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase in suckling piglets (r = 0.95, p < 0.05 and r = 0.95, p < 0.05) and to the activity of isocitrate dehydrogenase during the 1st week after weaning (r = 0.99, p < 0.001 and r = 0.99, p < 0.01). The results indicate additional capacity of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle for transformation of α-ketoglutarate from other sources than acetyl-CoA such as glutamine, glutamate and other amino acids. Further, the high activity of aspartate aminotransferase also suggests a high capacity of porcine small intestinal epithelium to provide the TCA cycle with oxaloacetate during the suckling-weaning transition.
Morphology, Viability and Functions of Suckling Pig Hepatocytes Cultured in Serum-Free Medium at High Density
Authors: Chen Zhong , Ding Yitao , Zhang Heyun
Published: April 2003

Background: In bioartificial liver preparation, serum-contained medium is ordinarily replaced by serum-free medium and hepatocytes are generally cultured at high density. This study was to undertaken to evaluated the dynamic changes in morphology, viability and functions of porcine hepatocytes in serum-free medium at high density. Methods: Hepatocytes were isolated from suckling pigs by modified two-step in situ collagenase perfusion method and cultured in serum-free medium at high density. Morphology, viability, protein and glucose syntheses, G-6-Pase activity, diazepam transformation of hepatocytes and release of LDH in supernatant during 7 days of culture were evaluated. These measurements were also determined on both groups of hepatocytes cultured at low-density in serum-free medium and serum-contained medium, which served as control groups. Results: Morphology and protein synthesis of hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium at high density were stable over the course of 7 days. High viability (>90%) was obtained though it declined with time. Diazepam transformation of cells was higher on days 2 and 3. Glucose synthesis of cells declined from day 3 to day 7. G-6-Pase activity of the hepatocytes declined apparently after 1 day of culture and it was maintained at a low level from day 1 to day 7. Release of LDH in supernatant was higher on days 1, 2 and 3. There were no significant differences in viability and functions of hepatocytes except for G-6-Pase activity at low-density culture between the serum-free medium group and the serum-contained medium group. The functions of hepatocytes cultured at high density were lower than at low-density culture. Conclusions: The results showed that the morphology, viability, protein synthesis and diazepam transformation of hepatocytes cultured in serum-free medium at high density were maintained during 7 days of culture. The serum-free medium provided indices of cell viability and functions that were comparable to serum-contained medium. The functions of hepatocyte cultured at high density (1 × 107 cells/ml) were lower than at low density (5 × 105 cells/ml).
Interest of Two-Dimensional Electrophoretic Analysis for the Characterization of the Individual Sensitization to Latex Allergens
Authors: Chardin H. , Raulf-Heimsoth M. , Chen Z. , Rihs H.P. , Mayer C. , Desvaux F.X. , Sénéchal H. , Peltre G.
Published: April 2003

Background/Objective: Latex allergy is a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction that mainly affects high-risk populations such as health care workers, spina bifida-affected or multiply-operated children. Ten molecules have so far been identified and registered as latex allergens (Hev b 1 to Hev b 10). The aim of the present investigation was to identify the major latex allergens by an individual analysis of the IgE response of latex-allergic patients to latex proteins separated by two-dimensional (2-D) gel electrophoresis. Materials and Methods: Latex proteins from a sap or a glove extract were separated by 2-D electrophoresis and transferred to a nitrocellulose membrane. Each membrane was incubated with the serum of one latex-allergic patient. The most frequently recognized latex allergens were characterized in sap and glove extracts using monoclonal antibodies or amino acid microsequencing. Results: The one-dimensional screening of 54 patient sera revealed 4 major bands recognized by IgE. The 2-D analysis of the sensitization to latex allergens allows the identification of allergen isoforms and the characterization of an individual response diversity. Hev b 6.01 was recognized by 88.9% of the patients. Protein spots around 14 kD were recognized by 48.1% of the patients and corresponded to Hev b 6.03 as well as other proteins. A not yet characterized doublet of acidic proteins with molecular masses of 43 and 94 kD was recognized by 20.4% of the sera. Only 5.5% of the sera did not recognize any of these 4 major allergens. Hev b 1 is the main protein from the glove extract but was not constantly found in sap extracts. Conclusions: One-dimensional electrophoretic analysis of the allergen is usually not sufficient to characterize the individual specificity of the IgE response to latex allergens. Latex-glove proteins which are allergens can be absent from the sap extracts and the sensitization to these allergens could be underestimated. Individual 2-D analysis of the sensitization to latex allergens is useful to define the best allergen mixture required for diagnosis and needed for individual therapy monitoring.