bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationships between cardiorespiratory fitness, hippocampal volume, and episodic memory in a population at risk for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Dougherty Ryan J. , Schultz Stephanie A. , Boots Elizabeth A. , Ellingson Laura D. , Meyer Jacob D. , Van Riper Stephanie , Stegner Aaron J. , Edwards Dorothy F. , Oh Jennifer M. , Einerson Jean , Korcarz Claudia E. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Dowling Maritza N. , Gallagher Catherine L. , Carlsson Cynthia M. , Rowley Howard A. , Bendlin Barbara B. , Asthana Sanjay , Hermann Bruce P. , Sager Mark A. , Stein James H. , Johnson Sterling C. , Okonkwo Ozioma C. , Cook Dane B.
Published: February 2017

Introduction

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) has been shown to be related to brain health in older adults. In individuals at risk for developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), CRF may be a modifiable risk factor that could attenuate anticipated declines in brain volume and episodic memory. The objective of this study was to determine the association between CRF and both hippocampal volume and episodic memory in a cohort of cognitively healthy older adults with familial and/or genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods

Eighty‐six enrollees from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer's Prevention participated in this study. Participants performed a graded maximal exercise test, underwent a T‐1 anatomical magnetic resonance imaging scan, and completed the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT).

Results

There were no significant relationships between CRF and HV or RAVLT memory scores for the entire sample. When the sample was explored on the basis of gender, CRF was significantly associated with hippocampal volume for women. For men, significant positive associations were observed between CRF and RAVLT memory scores.

These results suggest that CRF may be protective against both hippocampal volume and episodic memory decline in older adults at risk for AD, but that the relationships may be gender specific.
Phosphorylation of pRb: mechanism for RB pathway inactivation in MYCN‐amplified retinoblastoma
Authors: Ewens Kathryn G. , Bhatti Tricia R. , Moran Kimberly A. , Richards‐Yutz Jennifer , Shields Carol L. , Eagle Ralph C. , Ganguly Arupa
Published: February 2017

A small, but unique subgroup of retinoblastoma has been identified with no detectable mutation in the retinoblastoma gene (RB1) and with high levels of MYCN gene amplification. This manuscript investigated alternate pathways of inactivating pRb, the encoded protein in these tumors. We analyzed the mutation status of the RB1 gene and MYCN copy number in a series of 245 unilateral retinoblastomas, and the phosphorylation status of pRb in a subset of five tumors using immunohistochemistry. There were 203 tumors with two mutations in RB1 (RB1−/−, 83%), 29 with one (RB1+/−, 12%) and 13 with no detectable mutations (RB1+/+, 5%). Eighteen tumors carried MYCN amplification between 29 and 110 copies: 12 had two (RB1−/−) or one RB1 (RB1+/−) mutations, while six had no mutations (RB1+/+). Immunohistochemical staining of tumor sections with antibodies against pRb and phosphorylated Rb (ppRb) displayed high levels of pRb and ppRb in both RB1+/+ and RB1+/− tumors with MYCN amplification compared to no expression of these proteins in a classic RB1−/−, MYCN‐low tumor. These results establish that high MYCN amplification can be present in retinoblastoma with or without coding sequence mutations in the RB1 gene. The functional state of pRb is inferred to be inactive due to phosphorylation of pRb in the MYCN‐amplified retinoblastoma without coding sequence mutations. This makes inactivation of RB1 by gene mutation or its protein product, pRb, by protein phosphorylation, a necessary condition for initiating retinoblastoma tumorigenesis, independent of MYCN amplification.
Genetic variants in the plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 gene are associated with an increased risk of radiation pneumonitis in lung cancer patients
Authors: Liu Bo , Tang Yang , Yi Minxiao , Liu Qingxu , Xiong Huihua , Hu Guangyuan , Yuan Xianglin
Published: February 2017

Plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1 (PAI‐1) plays a crucial role in the process of lung injury, although its association with radiation pneumonitis (RP) is unclear. We hypothesized that genetic variants in PAI‐1 may influence the risk of RP. In this study, 169 lung cancer patients were genotyped for six single‐nucleotide polymorphisms in PAI‐1 using the Sequenom MassARRAY system. The risk of RP was evaluated by Cox proportional hazards analyses. The cumulative RP probabilities by genotype were assessed using Kaplan–Meier analyses. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that PAI‐1:rs7242 GT/GG was correlated with an increased occurrence of grade ≥3 RP (crude hazard ratio = 3.331; 95% confidence interval, 1.168–9.497; P = 0.024). Our results indicated that PAI‐1:rs7242 in the 3′‐untranslated region of PAI‐1 can be a predictor of grade ≥3 RP before radiotherapy.
Targeting of crosstalk between tumor and tumor microenvironment by β‐D mannuronic acid (M2000) in murine breast cancer model
Authors: Hosseini Fatemeh , Hassannia Hadi , Mahdian‐Shakib Ahmad , Jadidi‐Niaragh Farhad , Enderami Seyed Ehsan , Fattahi Mohammadjavad , Anissian Ali , Mirshafiey Abbas , Kokhaei Parviz
Published: February 2017

Metastasis is the main cause of death in breast cancer patients. Inflammatory processes following crosstalk between tumor cells and tumor microenvironment play an important role in progression and metastasis of cancer. Hence, targeting of these interactions may represent a novel promising strategy for breast cancer therapy. So, we investigated the effects of β‐D mannuronic acid (BDM), a new antiinflammatory agent, on 4T1 breast cancer cell line both in vitro and in vivo. Proliferation assays revealed low‐cytotoxic effect of BDM on 4T1 cells. However, BDM reduced activity of MMP‐2, MMP‐9 and significantly decreased the adhesion of 4T1 cells to extracellular matrix (ECM) in a dose‐dependent manner. The in vivo results demonstrated that BDM strongly inhibits tumor growth and increases lifespan as compared with control mice. The decrease in tumor mass was associated with decreased metastasis, recruitment, and frequency of inflammatory cells in tumor tissue. Our preclinical findings demonstrated that BDM therapy not only prevents formation of chronic inflammatory response but also inhibits crosstalk between tumor cells and their microenvironment, which is associated with reduction of tumor growth and metastasis arrest. Our data imply the use of BDM therapy in future clinical trials to open a new horizon for breast cancer therapy.
Study finds campus mental health services focusing on triage, not long‐term care
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: February 2017

Nearly one‐third of American college students have reported difficulty in normal day‐to‐day function due to mental health issues, according to a study from the Center for Collegiate Mental Health.
First Synthesis of an Oridonin‐Conjugated Iridium(III) Complex for the Intracellular Tracking of NF‐κB in Living Cells
Authors: Wang Wanhe , Yang Chao , Lin Sheng , Vellaisamy Kasipandi , Li Guodong , Tan Weihong , Leung Chung‐Hang , Ma Dik‐Lung
Published: February 2017

NF‐κB is a critical transcription factor that plays an important role in mediating inflammation, the immune response, and cell proliferation. The activation of NF‐κB leads to an enhancement of proinflammatory mediator expression, which is implicated in the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. Therefore, methods that allow the intracellular tracking of NF‐κB are particularly attractive because they can provide information regarding the pathways or stimulation responses that are involved in the activation of NF‐κB. In this work, we report a novel platform to track intracellular NF‐κB by employing the conjugated iridium(III) complex 1, which was synthesized through the unique combination of a luminescent iridium(III) moiety with the natural product oridonin. Experiments conducted with p50 knockdown cells revealed that complex 1 could detect the p50 subunit of NF‐κB in cellulo. Furthermore, complex 1 tracked NF‐κB translocation induced by tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) as a model stimulus, without affecting the translocation process itself. To the best of our knowledge, complex 1 is the first metal‐based compound that has been reported to be capable of monitoring intracellular NF‐κB in living cells.
Hormonal Therapy of Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Crawford E. David
Published: February 2017

Prostate cancer is the most common neoplasm in the American male. More than 50% of patients present with locally advanced or metastatic disease and are not curable with local therapies such as radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. This cancer is hormonally dependent, and methods that interrupt the hypothalamus‐pituitary‐testicular axis have been used to treat and control the disease effectively. The role of neutralizing the adrenal androgens is controversial. Combined androgen blockade refers to treatment modalities that lower circulating serum testosterone such as bilateral orchiectomy or an LH‐RH agonist and combining it with an antiandrogen. The issue at hand is to review current clinical trials addressing the concept of combined androgen blockade and to determine the feasibility of a meta‐analysis.
Zoladex and Flutamide Versus Orchiectomy in the Treatment of Advanced Prostatic Cancer
Authors: Iversen P. , Suciu S. , Sylvester R. , Christensen I. , Denis L.
Published: February 2017

A total of 591 patients with advanced prostatic cancer have been randomized to either orchiectomy or treatment with zoladex 3.6 mg as a depot preparation combined with flutamide 250 mg tid in two European studies, EORTC protocol 30853 and DAPROCA 86. Identical design and comparable patient characteristics in the two studies have allowed combined analysis. A small but statistically significant difference in time to objective progression or death from prostatic cancer was found in favor of the combination treatment. However, time from objective progression to death was longer in the group initially allocated to orchiectomy. Thus, no difference between treatment groups in overall survival was found. As a conclusion, the combined androgen blockade was not superior to orchiectomy in the treatment of patients with advanced prostatic cancer.
A Controlled Trial of Castration With and Without Nilutamide in Metastatic Prostatic Carcinoma
Authors: Béland Gilles , Elhilali Mostafa , Fradet Yves , Laroche Bruno , Ramsey Ernest W. , trachtenberg John , Venner Peter M. , Tewari H. D.
Published: February 2017

A randomized double‐blind trial in patients with disseminated, previously untreated prostate cancer (Stage D2) was conducted in eight Canadian centers. All 203 patients enrolled in this study underwent bilateral orchiectomy and were randomized to receive either the nonsteroidal anti‐androgen nilutamide or a placebo. Patient responses were graded according to the criteria of the National Prostatic Cancer Project (NPCP). Patients treated with nilutamide had a significantly greater number of positive objective responses (partial and complete regression) than did the patients treated with castration alone (46% versus 20%, P = 0.001). Progression‐free survival was improved initially in the nilutamide group, but the median time to progression was 12 months for both groups. Despite an increase in the median length of survival from 18.9 to 24.3 months with the nilutamide, the survival time was not significantly longer in the nilutamide group (log = rank test, P = 0.048). Although minor side effects were frequent, adverse effects related to the medication and leading to discontinuation of treatment were observed in 9% of cases. These results suggest some benefit of the combined treatment (orchiectomy + nilutamide) over orchiectomy alone in the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma.
Complete Androgen Blockade in Prostate Cancer
Authors: Dalesio Otilia
Published: February 2017

The value of the addition of a pure antiandrogen to castration in advanced prostate cancer will be evaluated by an overview of all randomized studies addressing this question. This overview is currently being organized. Care is taken on identifying all randomized studies, published or unpublished, to avoid publication bias. Already 15 studies possibly related to the question are under investigation. Principal investigators of each relevant study are invited to participate in the overview. The principal end points of the study are overall and cause‐specific mortality. The first report of results is planned for the end of 1991.
Reduction of cyclophosphamide dose for patients with subset 2 low‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma is associated with an increased risk of recurrence: A report from the Soft Tissue Sarcoma Committee of the Children's Oncology Group
Authors: Walterhouse David O. , Pappo Alberto S. , Meza Jane L. , Breneman John C. , Hayes‐Jordan Andrea , Parham David M. , Cripe Timothy P. , Anderson James R. , Meyer William H. , Hawkins Douglas S.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Failure‐free survival (FFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were found to improve on Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study (IRS) IV (IRS‐IV) compared with IRS‐III for patients with subset 2 (IRS stage 1, group III nonorbit or stage 3, group I/II) low‐risk embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma with the addition of cyclophosphamide (total cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of 26.4 g/m2) to the combination of vincristine and dactinomycin (VAC). The goal of Children's Oncology Group ARST0331 for subset 2 low‐risk patients was to reduce the total cumulative cyclophosphamide dose without compromising FFS.

METHODS

Therapy included 4 cycles of VAC (total cumulative cyclophosphamide dose of 4.8 g/m2) followed by 12 cycles of vincristine and dactinomycin over 46 weeks. Patients with group II or III tumors received radiotherapy, except for girls with group III vaginal tumors who enrolled before September 2009 and achieved a complete response with chemotherapy with or without delayed surgical resection.

RESULTS

Among 66 eligible patients who were followed for a median of 3.5 years, there were 20 failures versus 10.53 expected failures. The estimated 3‐year FFS and OS rates were 70% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 57%‐80%) and 92% (95% CI, 83%‐97%), respectively. The estimated 3‐year FFS rate was 57% (95% CI, 33%‐75%) for girls with subset 2 genital tract embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (21 patients) and 77% (95% CI, 61%‐87%) for all other subset 2 patients (45 patients) (P = .02).

CONCLUSIONS

The authors observed suboptimal FFS among patients with subset 2 low‐risk rhabdomyosarcoma using reduced total cyclophosphamide. Eliminating radiotherapy for girls with group III vaginal tumors in combination with reduced total cyclophosphamide appeared to contribute to the suboptimal outcome. Cancer 2017;123:2368–2375. © 2017 American Cancer Society.
Supercritical CO2‐Assisted Reverse‐Micelle‐Induced Solution‐Phase Fabrication of Two‐Dimensional Metallic 1T‐MoS2 and 1T‐WS2
Authors: Tong Xin , Qi Yuhang , Chen Jing , Wang Nan , Xu Qun
Published: February 2017

Metallic 1T phase molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) and tungsten disulfide (WS2) are both expected to exhibit promising catalytic activity, but they are highly unstable in nature. Exploring an efficient route to fabricate a high ratio of 1T‐MoS2 and 1T‐WS2 is highly desirable. Herein, for the first time, we report a two‐step process for synthesizing stable two‐dimensional (2D) metallic 1T phase MS2 nanosheets in the reverse‐micelle‐induced emulsion microenvironment with the assistance of supercritical CO2 (SC CO2). TEM, Raman and XPS characterizations demonstrate that the as‐prepared MoS2 nanosheets consist of 1T‐ and 2H‐phase, and the content of 1T phase is more than 90 %. The obtained 1T‐MoS2 exhibits excellent stability and good activity for the hydrogen evolution reaction. A potential of ≈330 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm−2 and a Tafel slope of 70 mV per decade were obtained for 1T‐MoS2. TEM and UV/Vis spectrum characterizations also testify that we have obtained 1T‐WS2. Thus this strategy utilizing a reverse‐micelle‐induced method for fabrication of 2D 1T‐MS2 can widen the potential applications in photoelectrocatalysis and photoelectronic devices.
Base transceiver station deployment using rectilinear distance location of a single facility
Authors: Ajibola T.M. , Surajudeen‐Bakinde N.T. , Amuda S.A.Y.
Published: February 2017

The huge amount of funds invested in deployment and installations of global satellite mobile infrastructures in Nigeria does not justify the poor quality of service (QoS) and network coverage experienced by the users in some areas while it is a gloomy issue as most of these infrastructures are grossly underused in other areas. The problem is majorly subjective to inappropriate location of the base transceiver stations (BTSs); hence, this work studied and analyzed an existing BTSs layout and proposes a model based on the use of median rule with rectilinear distance single facility location for appropriate deployment location of a new BTS that will ensure proper network connectivity and management of QoS for a given area. The case study is the University of Ilorin academic environment where transmission environmental monitoring system equipment was used to monitor the signals on the existing BTSs, to ascertain the positions of the existing BTSs, the total number of the existing BTSs, and areas of poor signal strengths for all the existing operators. The electric field intensity of each of the BTS sites was determined and was used as the weight in the rectilinear distance location model. The operator with the poorest signal strength was selected to occupy the new BTS so as to improve its handover and network connectivity.
Integrated load‐based power saving for real‐time and nonreal‐time traffic in LTE‐TDD
Authors: Yang Chun‐Chuan , Chen Jeng‐Yueng , Mai Yi‐Ting , Pan Zheng‐Ying
Published: February 2017

Long‐Term Evolution (LTE) is a 4G wireless broadband technology developed by the Third Generation Partnership Project. Two duplex modes, namely, frequency division duplex and time division duplex (TDD), are defined in LTE for transmission in both downlink and uplink directions simultaneously. Power saving mechanisms for LTE‐frequency division duplex were proposed in the authors' previous work. Applicability of the previously proposed mechanisms to LTE‐TDD is investigated in this paper, and the idea of “virtual time” associated with the mapping mechanism from the virtual time domain to the actual time domain for different TDD configurations is proposed. With the help of the mapping mechanism, 3 revised power saving schemes are proposed to support real‐time user equipments and nonreal‐time user equipments in LTE‐TDD. Simulation study demonstrates the effectiveness of the mapping mechanism as well as the benefit of the proposed schemes in power saving efficiency and real‐time support in comparing with the standard‐based mechanism.
On admission serum sodium and uric acid levels predict 30 day rehospitalization or death in patients with acute decompensated heart failure
Authors: Amin Ahmad , Chitsazan Mitra , Shiukhi Ahmad Abad Fatemeh , Taghavi Sepideh , Naderi Nasim
Published: February 2017

Aims

A considerable proportion of hospitalized patients for acute decompensated heart failure will be readmitted or die in short‐term follow‐up. In the present study, we aimed to assess the role of admission sodium (Na) and uric acid (UA) levels in the prediction of 30 day post‐discharge heart failure readmission or all‐cause mortality in advanced heart failure patients admitted with acute decompensation.

Methods and results

One hundred and forty consecutive advanced heart failure patients who were admitted for a recent cardiac decompensation were enrolled in this prospective study. Serum Na and UA levels remained statistically unchanged during index admission (P = 0. 54 and 0.19, respectively). Within 30 days post‐discharge, composite end point of heart failure rehospitalization or all‐cause death occurred in 62 (44.3%) patients (event group). Length of stay was statistically similar between patients in the event and non‐event groups (P = 0.38). No correlations were also found between length of stay and left ventricular ejection fraction, serum Na, UA, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP), creatinine, and N‐terminal pro b‐type natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) levels (all P > 0.05). Lower left ventricular ejection fraction and Na and higher UA on admission were significantly associated with 30 day event both in univariate and multivariate analyses.

Conclusions

Given the predictive role of baseline Na and UA for early post‐discharge outcome and the absence of significant changes in their levels during initial hospitalization, admission Na and UA can be considered as prognosticators of acute decompensated heart failure, which their prognostic significance cannot be affected by routine acute heart failure therapy.
Scandium(III) Trifluoromethanesulfonate Catalyzed Selective Reactions of Donor–Acceptor Cyclopropanes with 1,1‐Diphenylethanols: An Approach to Polysubstituted Olefins
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Hong Gang , Hu Chen , Wu Shengying , Wang Limin
Published: February 2017

An unexpected synthetic approach to polysubstituted olefins through the scandium(III) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalyzed ring‐opening reaction of donor–acceptor cyclopropanes with 1,1‐diphenylethanols was developed. The reactions, which are experimentally easy to handle, feature tolerance of various functional groups and mild reaction conditions. On the basis of experimental evidence, a plausible mechanism was also proposed.
Histaminergic and non‐histaminergic elicited itch is attenuated in capsaicin‐evoked areas of allodynia and hyperalgesia: A healthy volunteer study
Authors: Andersen H.H. , Elberling J. , Sharma N. , Hauberg L.E. , Gazerani P. , Arendt‐Nielsen L.
Published: February 2017

Background

Chronic pain patients with sensitization may exhibit decreased sensitivity to normally pruritogenic sensory stimuli and moreover occasionally perceive these as painful. This study explored the relationship between itch and pain, by evaluating histaminergic and non‐histaminergic itch evoked in capsaicin‐induced allodynic and hyperalgesic areas.

Methods

In 28 healthy volunteers, capsaicin (100 μg/0.1 mL) was injected intradermally in the volar forearm to establish secondary dysesthesias. After the capsaicin‐induced pain subsided, the areas of allodynia and hyperalgesia were mapped and itch was provoked inside these areas by histamine (10 mg/mL) and cowhage (25–40 spicules). The evoked itch and pain were recorded on a visual analogue scale (VAS0–10 cm). Contralateral injection of 0.1 mLisotonic saline served as a control.

Results

Histaminergic and non‐histaminergic evoked itch were significantly decreased when provoked in allodynic skin (p < 0.05). The area‐under‐the‐curve of the evoked itch was reduced −43% from 18.0 ± 2.6 cm10 minin normal skin to 10.3 ± 1.8 cm10 minin allodynic skin (p < 0.01) for cowhage and −56% from 20.0 ± 3.5 cm10 minin normal skin to 8.8 ± 2.3 cm10 minallodynic skin (p < 0.001) for histamine. The pain responses to the pruritogens were not significantly altered between the areas of allodynia and normal skin (p > 0.1). An additional experiment showed that pinprick hyperalgesia in the absence of allodynia was sufficient to evoke the observed reduced sensitivity to itch stimuli.

Conclusions

Cutaneous sensitization (secondary allodynia and hyperalgesia) reduced itch responses regardless of the type of itch model applied and without attenuation of the associated pruritogen‐induced pain responses. This could explain the decreased sensitivity to itch provocations previously observed in patients with chronic pain.

Significance

This study shows that the neuronal sensitization processes underlying the development secondary hyperalgesia involve significant gating of histaminergic as well as non‐histaminergic pruriceptive transmission. Because these itch provocations normally target specific subpopulations of C‐nociceptors they could be of relevance for exploratory purposes in pain patients.
Electrochemical Detection of Nitrite Using Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Silver Nanospheres (AgNS) Obtained by Green Synthesis Using Pre‐hydrolysed Liquor
Authors: Shivakumar M. , Nagashree K. L. , Manjappa S. , Dharmaprakash M. S.
Published: February 2017

Silver nanospheres (AgNS) with SPR band ∼417 nm was synthesized by Green synthesis, using a pre‐hydrolysed liquor (PHL) of Nilgiri wood without any pretreatment. The synthesis was carried out at room temperature and was complete within three hours. The reduction and stabilization of silver is brought about by hemicelluloses present in the pre‐hydrolysed liquor. Electrochemical oxidation of nitrite on glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with the AgNS in 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution (PBS) of pH 7.0 was found to occur at 0.86 V with respect to Ag/AgCl. Electrochemical sensing experiments with AgNS/GCE showed a linear range of detection between 0.1 to 8 μM, with detection limit of 0.031 μM and a sensitivity of 580 μA mM−1cm−2.
The Effect of Inlet Velocity on CH4 Catalytic Combustion Behavior with H2 Addition in a Microchannel Combustor
Authors: Yan Yunfei , Xu Qingyun , Tang Weimin , Huang Qiao , Zhang Li , Li Lixian , Yang Zhongqing
Published: February 2017

The characteristics of premixed methane/air combustion in a microchannel with a Pt catalyst were examined and the effect of inlet velocity on catalytic methane combustion with hydrogen addition was investigated numerically. It is shown that appropriate hydrogen addition can expand the extinction limits, particularly the upper extinction limit of the inlet velocity, and increase methane conversion at higher inlet velocities. However, it is proved that methane conversion at an equivalent ratio of 0.8 decreased with hydrogen addition when inlet velocity was lower than 0.36 m s−1. The heat released in the hydrogen–oxygen reaction increased the wall temperature, which resulted in the adsorption–desorption equilibrium of oxygen shifting towards desorption as Pt(s) coverage increased and O(s) coverage decreased. With the same amount of hydrogen added, the changes in wall temperature that reflected the thermal effects of hydrogen were more obvious at higher inlet velocities, which improved methane conversion. If the heat released by hydrogen was neglected, the competitive consumption of oxygen, which demonstrates the chemical effect of hydrogen, was more significant at lower inlet velocities, which inhibited methane conversion.
Sensitivity of seismic response for monitoring storage in a low porosity reservoir of the St Lawrence Lowlands, Québec, Canada: Part 1 – Laboratory measurements
Authors: Perozzi Lorenzo , Giroux Bernard , Schmitt Douglas R. , Gloaguen Erwan , Kofman Randy S.
Published: February 2017

Deployment of carbon capture and storage on a large scale poses many challenges. One is the availability of reservoirs with suitable characteristics (high porosity and permeability, matched large emitters, etc.). Such a challenge might lead to the selection of reservoirs with relatively low porosity. In those environments, the rock matrix is often stiff and questions arise regarding the capabilities of seismic methods to monitor injection. In this paper, a series of ultrasonic measurements were performed under various pressure and temperature conditions to test the seismic response of two low‐porosity reservoir samples of the St Lawrence Lowlands sedimentary basin to different phases. Results show that the P‐wave velocity and amplitude can be used to detect the phase transition. Illustrative modeling of seismic reflectivities within a hypothetical geological formation with physical properties equal to that of the St Lawrence Lowlands sedimentary basin, suggests that a liquid‐water contact is a potentially good seismic reflector. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Internet‐based self‐tailored deposit contracts to promote smoking reduction and abstinence
Authors: Jarvis Brantley P. , Dallery Jesse
Published: February 2017

Deposit contracting may reduce costs and increase efficacy in contingency management interventions. We evaluated two Internet‐based deposit contract arrangements for smoking. In Experiment 1, nine participants deposited self‐selected amounts that could be earned back for meeting goals. During treatment, participants were reimbursed for breath samples with less than or equal to 6 parts per million carbon monoxide and met the criterion for 47% of samples compared to 1% during baseline. In Experiment 2, 10 participants’ deposits were matched up to $50. No samples met the criterion during baseline but 41.5% met it during treatment. The average deposit was $82 in Experiment 1 and $49 in Experiment 2. Participants rated the intervention favorably and sample submission rates were high. These experiments suggest that Internet‐based self‐tailored deposits are acceptable, feasible, and can promote brief reduction and abstinence in some smokers. Future research should investigate individual and intervention factors that affect long‐term cessation and uptake of deposit contracts.
A multidisciplinary treatment for encopresis in children with developmental disabilities
Authors: Call Nathan A. , Mevers Joanna Lomas , McElhanon Barbara O. , Scheithauer Mindy C.
Published: February 2017

Achieving continence of one's bowel movements is a key step in development and failure to do so leads to many negative consequences. Treatments for encopresis appearing in the literature have employed behavioral strategies; medications such as suppositories, laxatives, or enemas; and in some studies a combination of these approaches. To date, attempts to extend successful treatments for encopresis in typically developing children to those with developmental disabilities have been limited. The current study included three participants diagnosed with developmental disabilities who had a history of encopresis. None of the participants had a continent bowel movement under baseline conditions. Continent bowel movements increased during treatment that included the addition of suppositories to elicit continent bowel movements. Two participants began having independent continent bowel movements (i.e., without requiring suppositories) and medication was successfully faded out for the remaining participant. Treatment took between 13 and 21 days.
Conformational Space of a Polyphilic Molecule with a Fluorophilic Side Chain Integrated in a DPPC Bilayer
Authors: von Rudorff Guido F. , Watermann Tobias , Guo Xiang‐Yang , Sebastiani Daniel
Published: February 2017

We investigate the conformational space of a polyphilic molecule with hydrophilic, lipophilic and fluorophilic parts inserted as a transmembrane agent into a dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine bilayer by means of all‐atom molecular dynamics simulations. Special focus is put on the competing structural driving forces arising from the hydrophilic, lipophilic and fluorophilic side chains and the aromatic backbone of the polyphile. We observe a significant difference between the lipophilic and the fluorophilic side chains regarding their intramembrane distribution. While the lipophilic groups remain membrane‐centered, the fluorophilic parts tend to orient toward the phosphate headgroups. This trend is important for understanding the influence of polyphile agents on the properties of phospholipid membranes. From a fundamental point of view, our computed distribution functions of the side chains are related to the interplay of sterical, enthalpic and entropic driving forces. Our findings illustrate the potential of rationally designed membrane additives which can be exploited to tune the properties of phospholipid membranes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the knee: An overview and update of conventional and state of the art imaging
Authors: Nacey Nicholas C. , Geeslin Matthew G. , Miller Grady Wilson , Pierce Jennifer L.
Published: February 2017

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has become the preferred modality for imaging the knee to show pathology and guide patient management and treatment. The knee is one of the most frequently injured joints, and knee pain is a pervasive difficulty that can affect all age groups. Due to the diverse pathology, complex anatomy, and a myriad of injury mechanisms of the knee, the MRI knee protocol and sequences should ensure detection of both soft tissue and osseous structures in detail and with accuracy. The knowledge of knee anatomy and the normal or injured MRI appearance of these key structures are critical for precise diagnosis. Advances in MRI technology provide the imaging necessary to obtain high‐resolution images to evaluate menisci, ligaments, and tendons. Furthermore, recent advances in MRI techniques allow for improved imaging in the postoperative knee and metal artifact reduction, tumor imaging, cartilage evaluation, and visualization of nerves. As treatment and operative management techniques evolve, understanding the correct application of these advancements in MRI of the knee will prove to be valuable to clinical practice.

Level of Evidence: 5

J. MAGN. RESON. IMAGING 2017;45:1257–1275
Antifungal activity change of Streptomyces rimosus MY02 mediated by confront culture with other microorganism
Authors: Yu Jicheng , Liu Qiu , Chen Chao , Qi Xiaohui
Published: February 2017

Streptomyces rimosus can produce antibacterial and antifungal antibiotics, which have important applications in medicine and agriculture. Seventy‐nine microbial strains were employed to assay interaction between S. rimosus MY02 and different fungi, actinomyces, and bacteria when confront cultured on solid media. The results showed that the presence of a microorganism might affect the activity of another one. When S. rimosus MY02 confront cultured with other microorganisms, the inductive effect might be positive or negative. In this study, fungi showed to be effective elicitors, with a highest inductivity rate of 90.1%, and all of fungi showed positive induction behavior. Followed by bacteria with 59.6% of the tested bacterial strains showing positive inductivity, and the highest inductivity was 54.9%. Only six actinomyces (counting for 40% of the tested actinomyces strains) showed positive inductivity, and the highest induction rate of the strain NK413 was 34.1%. We also found that growth of most of bacteria or actinomyces which showed negative inductivity were similar or better than that of the strain MY02. However, the growth status of the strains was not positive related to inducing ability directly.
Selecting postoperative adjuvant systemic therapy for early stage breast cancer: A critical assessment of commercially available gene expression assays
Authors: Hyams David M. , Schuur Eric , Angel Aristizabal Javier , Bargallo Rocha Juan Enrique , Cabello Cesar , Elizalde Roberto , García‐Estévez Laura , Gomez Henry L. , Katz Artur , Nuñez De Pierro Aníbal
Published: February 2017

Risk stratification of patients with early stage breast cancer may support adjuvant chemotherapy decision‐making. This review details the development and validation of six multi‐gene classifiers, each of which claims to provide useful prognostic and possibly predictive information for early stage breast cancer patients. A careful assessment is presented of each test's analytical validity, clinical validity, and clinical utility, as well as the quality of evidence supporting its use.
The diagnosis of pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasm and associated adenocarcinoma in males: An eight‐institution study of 349 patients over 15 years
Authors: Ethun Cecilia G. , Postlewait Lauren M. , McInnis Mia R. , Merchant Nipun , Parikh Alexander , Idrees Kamran , Isom Chelsea A. , Hawkins William , Fields Ryan C. , Strand Matthew , Weber Sharon M. , Cho Clifford S. , Salem Ahmed , Martin Robert C.G. , Scoggins Charles R. , Bentrem David , Kim Hong J. , Carr Jacquelyn , Ahmad Syed A. , Abbott Daniel E. , Wilson Gregory , Kooby David A. , Maithel Shishir K.
Published: February 2017

BACKGROUND

Per WHO, 2000 classification, pancreatic mucinous cystic neoplasms (MCN) are defined by presence of ovarian stroma, and are primarily located in the pancreatic body/tail of females. The incidence of MCN and associated malignancy in males, since, standardization of MCN diagnostic‐criteria is unknown.

METHODS

MCN resections from 2000 to 2014 at eight institutions of the Central‐Pancreas‐Consortium were included, and divided into early (2000‐2007) and late (2008‐2014) time‐periods. Primary aim was to characterize MCN and associated adenocarcinoma/high‐grade‐dysplasia (AC/HGD) in males versus females over time.

RESULTS

Of 1667 resections for pancreatic cystic lesions, 349 pts (21%) had MCNs: 310 (89%) female, 39 (11%) male. Patients were equally divided between early (n = 173) and late (n = 176) time‐periods. MCN in male‐patients decreased over time (early: 15%, late: 7%; P = 0.036), as did pancreatic head/neck location (early: 22%, late: 11%; P = 0.01). MCN‐associated AC/HGD was more frequent in males versus females (39 vs. 12%; P < 0.001). The overall rate of MCN‐associated AC/HGD remained stable (early: 17%, late: 13%; P = 0.4), and was identical in males (39%) over both time‐periods. Males with AC/HGD had more LN‐positive disease versus females (57 vs. 22%; P = 0.039).

CONCLUSIONS

As the diagnostic‐criteria of MCN have standardized over time, MCN diagnosis has decreased in males and head/neck location. Despite this, MCN‐associated adenocarcinoma/high‐grade dysplasia has been stable and remains high in males. Any male with suspected MCN, regardless of location, should undergo resection.
Experimental results and fatigue life evaluation of magnesium laserbeam‐welded joints under proportional and non‐proportional multiaxial fatigue loading with variable amplitudes
Authors: Bolchoun A. , Sonsino C. M. , Kaufmann H. , Melz T.
Published: February 2017

Fatigue life of magnesium laserbeam‐welds (AZ31 and AZ61 alloys) was assessed experimentally under variable amplitude loadings. The specimens were subjected to load‐controlled cyclic loadings. The tests were carried out using a Gauss‐distributed amplitude sequence of length LS = 5 · 104 cycles and loading ratio R = –1 under pure axial, pure torsion as well as in‐phase and out‐of‐phase combined loadings. The notch stresses were obtained from a linear‐elastic FE‐model using the reference radius approach with rref  = 0.05 mm. The stress‐based hypotheses were applied: Effective equivalent stress hypothesis (EESH), shear stress intensity hypothesis (SIH), Findley, and modified Gough‐Pollard. A non‐proportionality factor is introduced and steps required for computing are presented in order to improve fatigue life assessment under non‐proportional loadings.
Carbon dioxide corrosion of carbon steel and corrosion inhibition by natural olive leaf extract
Authors: Pustaj G. , Kapor F. , Jakovljević S.
Published: February 2017

The corrosion of carbon steel in carbon dioxide saturated chloride carbonate solution with and without olive leaf extract at 25 °C and 65 °C has been studied by linear polarization resistance technique, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In the absence of olive leaf extract, the corrosion products created under the testing conditions within 24 h at both testing temperatures have no significant protective properties. Measurements for uninhibited systems showed high corrosion current densities and low polarization resistances of carbon steel. Both linear polarization resistance technique and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements reveal that olive leaf extract inhibits the carbon steel corrosion. The addition of a low‐concentration olive leaf extract decreases corrosion current densities, increases charge transfer and polarization resistance, resulting in more uniform and smoother steel surfaces. These effects are attributed to the adsorption of olive leaf extract on the carbon steel surface.
Energy–entropy–momentum integration schemes for general discrete non‐smooth dissipative problems in thermomechanics
Authors: Portillo D. , García Orden J. C. , Romero I.
Published: February 2017

We present the theory of novel time‐stepping algorithms for general nonlinear, non‐smooth, coupled, and thermomechanical problems. The proposed methods are thermodynamically consistent in the sense that their solutions rigorously comply with the two laws of thermodynamics: for isolated systems, they preserve the total energy and the entropy never decreases. Extending previous works on the subject, the newly proposed integrators are applicable to coupled mechanical systems with non‐smooth kinetics and can be formulated in arbitrary variables. The ideas are illustrated with a simple non‐smooth problem: a rheological model for a thermo‐elasto‐plastic material with hardening. Numerical simulations verify the qualitative features of the proposed methods and illustrate their excellent numerical stability, which stems precisely from their ability to preserve the structure of the evolution equations they discretize. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Toddlers in Transition: Linear Enamel Hypoplasias in the Hadza of Tanzania
Authors: Ungar P. S. , Crittenden A. N. , Rose J. C.
Published: February 2017

Bioarchaeologists often use linear enamel hypoplasias (LEH) as a proxy for systemic physiological stress in prehistoric populations. Increased incidences of LEH have been observed in many cases associated with rapid social or environmental changes, such as with the Neolithic transition and agricultural intensification. Still, there have yet to be studies published of LEH incidence among living peoples in the process of transitioning from foraging to a farming economy. It is important to document LEH occurrence in living groups with known subsistence strategies to better contextualise interpretations of bioarchaeological populations. Here, we present LEH data for a sample of the Hadza of Tanzania. We compare LEH incidence and frequency on the permanent anterior teeth of individuals who spent their infancy and early childhood (i) in the bush consuming wild foods; (ii) in the village with a weaning diet dominated by domestic cereals; and (iii) transitory, dividing their time between the bush and village. Our results demonstrate that Hadza living in the bush during the period of tooth formation less frequently have LEH on these teeth, and have fewer of them on average, than do villagers. This is particularly so for the comparison of men. The transient group is intermediate in LEH incidence, although not significantly different from the bush and village samples. A lower LEH frequency in the bush Hadza is consistent with a diet that meets nutrient requirements of tooth formation, but higher incidence in the village sample suggests interruption of enamel secretion, most likely due to malnutrition. Such studies provide valuable context with which to interpret and understand bioarchaeological evidence, and to track effects of sedentisation on the biology of modern foragers. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The evolution of support for democratic regime principles and its alternatives
Authors: Steenekamp Cindy , du Toit Pierre
Published: February 2017

The aim of this paper is to examine the claim that “most people in almost every country worldwide prefer democracy over other types of regimes” against new data, so as to add to the global map of popular perceptions about their support for various regime types. We describe measured changes in levels of public support in 49 countries over four waves of the World Values Survey on three levels: country specific, regional–continental, and global. We found that levels of support for democracy are high and stable across most parts of the world; however, support for various alternate (authoritarian) regime types is steadily increasing and could threaten the extent to which democratic values are entrenched, especially in younger democracies. We conclude with an overview of some of the factors that could plausibly shape such perceptions at the level of the general citizenry.
Trans‐2‐Aminocyclohexanol derivatives as pH‐triggered conformational switches
Authors: Samoshin Vyacheslav V. , Zheng Yu , Liu Xin
Published: February 2017

A series of trans‐2‐aminocyclohexanol derivatives have been explored as powerful conformational pH triggers. On protonation of the amino group, a conformer with equatorial position of ammonio and hydroxy groups becomes predominant because of an intramolecular hydrogen bond and electrostatic interactions. The energy of these interactions was estimated to be above 10 kJ/mol and in some models exceeded 20 kJ/mol (strong enough to twist a ring in tert‐butyl derivatives). As a result of this conformational flip, all other substituents are forced to change their orientation. If the substituents are designed to perform certain geometry‐dependent functions, for example, as cation chelators or as lipid tails, such acid‐induced transition may be used to control the corresponding molecular properties. The pH sensitivity of conformational equilibria was explored by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and the titration curves were used for estimation of the pKa values of protonated compounds that varied from 2.6 to 8.5 (in d4‐methanol) depending on the structure of amino group. Thus, trans‐2‐aminocyclohexanols can be also used as conformational pH indicators in organic solvents.
Use of a trithiocarbonyl RAFT agent without modification as (Co)stabilizer in miniemulsion polymerization
Authors: Oliveira Marco , Lewin Behrends Sabrina , Reis Rosa Ivan , Liberato Petzhold Cesar
Published: February 2017

Herein, we demonstrate the effects of using 4‐cyano‐4‐[(dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonyl)sulfanyl] pentanoic acid (CDPA) simultaneously as RAFT chain transfer agent (RAFT‐CTA) and (co)stabilizer in a miniemulsion polymerization process. The novelty of this report includes use this RAFT‐CTA without modification, such as macro‐CTAs, block, or random copolymers. Using an optimized polymerization procedure, it is possible to use distinct formulations and therefore obtain stable latexes comprised of well‐defined spherical nanoparticles. The polymerization kinetics and final polymer properties are directly correlated to the function of the CDPA in the system: RAFT‐CTA and/or (co)stabilizer. Typically, the nanoparticles present average diameters less than 150 nm. The molar mass properties and the kinetic profiles confirm to an expected RAFT process, although some deviations are observable when using the CDPA as only stabilizer. These deviations are a function of the amount of CDPA present within the nano‐droplets, or adsorption on its surface. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2017, 55, 1687–1695