bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effect of Sapwood and Heartwood Differences on Mechanical Properties of Fast-Growing Tree Species
Authors: Bektaş İbrahim , Tutuş Ahmet , Gültekin Gamze
Published: July 2020

In most uses where wood material needs impregnation or dimensional stability is essential, the properties of sapwood and heartwood should be taken into account. Also, due to the structural differences between heartwood and sapwood, differences in the strength of wood materials should be predicted. Therefore, the aim of this study was to reveal the differences between the mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of some important fast-growing forest trees. For this purpose, two softwoods (Pinus sylvestris) and (Pinus brutia) and two hardwoods (Populus usbekistanica) and (Eucalyptus grandis) were selected as test trees. Compression strength parallel to grain (CS ǁ), static quality value (IS), bending strength (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), tensile strength perpendicular to grain (TS⊥), shearing strength parallel to grain (SS ǁ), impact bending strength (IBS), dynamic quality value (ID) and Janka hardness values (JH) of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were determined in laboratory studies. The results of the t-test analysis showed that all mentioned mechanical properties of sapwood and heartwood of test trees were separated from each other as significant, except the shear strength of Eucalyptus, dynamic quality values of red pine and Scots pine and Janka hardness value of red pine. Finally, the results of the study revealed that the differences between sapwood and heartwood strength should be taken into account when wood species are used in constructions and other sensitive areas.
Wood Surface Finishing of Selected Invasive Tree Species
Authors: Pavlič Matjaž , Žigon Jure , Petrič Marko
Published: July 2020

Due to their strong renewal power, the invasive tree species are spreading rapidly, especially in abandoned agricultural and forest areas and along traffic routes and water courses. One way of their restriction is the promotion of their use. In our research, we investigated surface finishing of wood of five selected invasive species in Slovenia, Box elder (Acer negundo L.), Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), Horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.), Honey locust (Gleditsia triacanthos L.) and Chinese sumac (Ailanthus altissima (Mill.) Swingle), and compared it with the finishing of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) wood. For coatings, we selected one-component waterborne finish on acrylate-polyurethane basis, one-component solventborne finish on polyurethane basis and tung oil as a natural finish. Several surface properties were investigated. We proved that surface hardness, resistance to impact and adhesion were very much related to interactions between the coating and the substrate, while resistance to cold liquids was only dependant on the type of the finish. It was also shown that, in general, finishing of woods of selected invasive tree species was not problematic. The only exception was Black locust wood on which tung oil cured very slowly.
Resposta hiper-reativa da pressão arterial durante teste de esforço em pacientes cardiometabólicos
Authors: Leite Jayne Santos , Pinto Wagner Pinto de , Michel Rejane Costa Grumann , Teixeira André De Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Introdução: A Hiper-reatividade da pressão arterial (HRPA) caracteriza-se pelo aumento de forma abrupta da pressão arterial sistólica e/ou diastólica durante teste ergométrico (TE). Objetivo: Delinear o perfil de pacientes com HRPA durante TE e fatores associados a essa resposta. Métodos: Estudo observacional desenvolvido a partir de análise documental de TE de pacientes com HRPA. Aplicados Teste de Correlação de Spearman e Regressão Linear Múltipla (forwoard), p0,05. Resultados: Observou-se correlações negativas e moderadas para consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx.) com variação da PAS, PAD e IMC (p0,001, r=-0,675; p0,001 r=-0,643; p0,001, r=-0,504 respectivamente); variação da PAD com consumo de oxigênio pelo miocárdio (MVO2; p0,001, r=-0,483) e peso (p=0,004, r=0,540). Verificou-se que o VO2máx. correlacionou-se com a frequência cardíaca máxima atingida durante o TE (p=0,004, r=0,421). Ainda, o VO2máx. foi responsável por 53,56%, peso por 10,62% e MVO2 por 4,88% da variação da PAD. Conclusão: O VO2máx. apresentou maior influência sobre o comportamento hiper-reativo da PAD em pacientes com doenças cardiometabólicas.
30 minutos de vídeo game ativo a uma intensidade moderada promovem alterações glicêmicas e cardiovasculares?
Authors: Brito-Gomes Jorge Luiz de , Oliveira Leonardo Dos Santos , Vancea Denise Maria Martins , Costa Manoel Da cunha
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Analisar glicemia aguda, variáveis cardiovasculares e nível de satisfação à prática (LE) de adultos saudáveis em resposta aos videogames ativos (AVG).Métodos: Quatorze adultos realizaram uma sessão de AVG de 30 minutos. Frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) e diastólica (PAD), duplo produto (DP) e glicemia foram registrados em repouso, imediatamente após e 30 minutos após sessão de AVG. Ao final, os participantes relataram percepção subjetiva de esforço (PSE, escala 6-20) e LE (escala 0-10).Resultados: Os participantes alcançaram 55,5% da reserva da FC e PSE elevada (Média=15). A glicemia reduziu (−10,3 mg·dL−1) e FC (+85 bpm), PAS (+23,8 mm Hg) e DP (+12852 mm Hg × bpm) aumentaram imediatamente após a sessão e retornaram aos valores de repouso após 30 minutos. A PAD não apresentou alterações significantes ao longo do tempo. Níveis elevados de LE foram encontrados (Média=8,6).Conclusão: Uma sessão de 30 minutos de AVG em intensidade moderada reduziu a glicose sanguínea e promoveu alterações hemodinâmicas seguras e alto nível de satisfação em adultos.
A Consensual Inquiry of Teachers’ Responses to Classroom Situations: Implications for School Counselors
Authors: Warren Jeffrey M , Robinson Gretchen G.
Published: July 2020

Although often overlooked by school leaders, teacher emotions are key factors that impact classroom climate and therefore educational outcomes and student success. We use a framework grounded in rational emotive behavior therapy and social cognitive theory to explore teachers’ perceived thoughts, emotions, and behaviors in response to common classroom situations. The consensual qualitative research methodology was used to analyze data collected from 21 elementary school teachers. Findings suggest that psychosocial barriers exist among teachers who undermine effective instruction and classroom climate. Implications for school counselor practice are discussed.
Two Birds, One Stone: Integrating Communication Proficiency Development Into Existing Academic Courses
Authors: Weinberger Yehudith
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the pedagogical knowledge required to develop students' communication proficiencies as part of their academic experience, proposes a method of doing so, and illustrates that method using a recent example. Using the case-study approach, first, the challenge is presented while its complexity in the context of academic studies is analyzed. Then, with implementation of the conceptual framework of “disciplinary literacy,” an original solution is offered in the form of a rolling multistage task in a seminar course that was a part of the master’s in teaching program. The rolling multistage task revolves around the development of the pedagogical content knowledge necessary to teach argumentation, and it includes building up useful practices and explicitly defined strategies for integrating writing education in a range of courses in a teacher education framework. Each instructional stage of the assignment and its rationale are presented in detail, aiming to enable the readers to implicate it to their settings. The rolling multistage task was developed specifically to the context of a seminar course for the graduate program in teacher education. Concluding remarks explain how the chosen writing skills match the course’s aims and contents, as well as the students’ background. Additionally, they deal with the importance of personal epistemology and of metacognitive knowledge in shaping meaningful and applicative experiences in schooling.
Between support and help – cooperation between a family assistant and a speech therapist
Authors: Jedlińska Agnieszka , Lipiec Dorota
Published: July 2020

The main purpose of the article is to draw attention to the need for cooperation between a family assistant and a speech therapist, which rarely occurs. An assistant is another profession called to work with a family in the area of support. "The main task of an assistant is to support parents in the proper fulfillment of their caring and educational functions and shaping the skills of family members in finding solutions to life difficulties" (Krasiejko, 2016, p. 5). Therefore, work in this profession requires continuous expansion of competences and their adaptation to the needs of those under their care. The article introduces one of the topics that a family assistant can meet in his work and which can be a challenge for him, mainly the topic of the correct and incorrect development of a child's speech. Stages of speech development were discussed, with particular attention to preschool children. The presented description of the course of speech development (normative - delayed - disturbed) will allow the family assistant to catch an early deviation from the norm, draw the child's guardians attention to the need for a speech therapy assessment of speech development and to help in organizing consultations with a speech therapist. As a result of the examination, the speech therapist will decide whether to start therapy and refer you to specialist examinations (e.g. audiological, ENT, orthodontic, psychological).
Profiling help for an unemployed person - an unsuccessful experiment or a missed opportunity?
Authors: Flaszyńska Ewa
Published: July 2020

In June 2019 the profiling of support for the unemployed was eliminated (introduced in middle of 2014). The process of support profiling was supposed to more accurately dedicate support to people registering in employment agency, but over time the profiling became a routine procedure. Statutory support instruments for people detached from the labour market were also symbolic. The Constitutional Tribunal, the Ombudsman and the employees of the local (poviat) employment agencies themselves spoke critically about the support profiling. According to them the profiling system prevented those people from operating effectively due to the limited range of forms of assistance that could be used in the established assistance profile. The purpose of my article is to try to answer the question of why the profiling did not work in Polish conditions. The article contains conclusions from a short study on this issue conducted in poviat employment agencies in January 2020.
Young people not in employment, education or training – selected aspects of the phenomenon from the European and Polish perspectives
Authors: Subocz Elżbieta
Published: July 2020

Young people not in employment, education or training – selected aspects of the phenomenon from the European and Polish perspectives
The significance of the Renaissance in Poland according to tourists’ opinions on TripAdvisor concerning three major Renaissance landmarks
Authors: Niezgoda Agnieszka , Wyszowska Izabela
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the study was to analyze the role of the Renaissance in Poland and the way it is reflected in tourists’ reviews. The authors focused in particular on tourists’ awareness concerning the importance of three major Renaissance landmarks located in three Polish cities, namely the Wawel Royal Castle in Cracow, the Town Hall in Poznań and the Old Town in Zamość. Methods used in the empirical part include an analysis of reviews posted on the TripAdvisor website by Polish tourists who have visited these sites, taking into account the historical conditions underlying the development of the Renaissance in Poland and its characteristic features. The authors used the desk research method. The pilot study described in the article is an introduction to further, in-depth qualitative research. The results indicate that only 10% of all tourists’ reviews referred to the Renaissance character of the sites. The reviews indicate that most tourists lack a solid knowledge of history and architecture, and were most likely not inspired to visit the analyzed sites because of their links to the Renaissance. No reviews were found demonstrating any personal background in history or suggesting that the Renaissance was the reason for visiting these particular sites. So far, references to the Renaissance in tourists’ reviews of Polish landmarks have not been discussed in the literature. The article can, therefore, be regarded as a first contribution to the study of this issue.
Identification of overtourism in Poznań through the analysis of social conflicts
Authors: Zmyślony Piotr , Pilarczyk Marta
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the article is twofold: to diagnose tourism-related conflicts occurring in Poznań by identifying their intensity and key parties, and to determine the capacity of the key stakeholders in the city’s tourism system to mitigate these disputes. Because of its complex nature, overtourism in cities is a dangerous phenomenon, which is very hard to measure. Like other social conflicts, the intensity and development of overtourism can be measured by analysing tourism-related conflicts in the urban space, using tools offered by conflict management theories, especially Christopher Moore’s Circle of Conflict model. Conflict issues identified by the author are associated with the uncontrolled consumption of the city’s overall offering, which is manifested by the behaviour of city inhabitants, visitors from the metropolitan area, and tourists. The article contributes to the literature on overtourism by proposing an alternative method of identifying the scope and intensity of overtourism in the absence of objective measures and data. The author also proposes a method of evaluating key stakeholders’ capacity for conflict management in Poznań.
Sensory gardens as places for outdoor recreation adapted to the needs of people with visual impairments
Authors: Zajadacz Alina , Lubarska Anna
Published: July 2020

The article addresses the question of adapting public spaces, including parks and gardens, to the needs of people with disabilities for the purpose of outdoor recreation. According to the principles of universal design, public spaces should enable social inclusion, which implies respect for current needs of diverse populations. The study described in the article focuses on the needs of people with vision impairment regarding outdoor recreation and adjustments that need to be made in the infrastructure of parks and gardens. The aim of the study was to answer three key questions: (1) How can outdoor experiences be made accessible to people with visual impairments? (2) How can outdoor experiences be encouraged, rethought and redesigned for people with visual impairments? (3) What barriers stop people with visual disabilities from participating in outdoor leisure in sensory gardens? These questions are answered using insights from desk research, data from an inventory of selected sensory gardens and interviews with blind and partially sighted respondents. The study, conducted between June and August 201, covered 15 gardens located in various parts in Poland: in cities, rural areas and areas of natural value. The interviews, involving 32 respondents, were held directly in the gardens in cooperation with the Polish Association for the Blind. The results were used to formulate recommendations for good practice in the field of universal garden design, which can provide sensory experiences for everyone, including people with visual impairments. The observed development of sensory gardens seems to reflects a great interest in this type of outdoor sites, which are conducive to recreation, education, integration, and social inclusion. Solutions applied in sensory gardens should provide inspiration for creating universal gardens, accessible to everyone.
Paradigms of Cognition in Security Sciences
Authors: Glen Andrzej
Published: July 2020

The article outlines difficulties related to the paradigm of cognition in security sciences, which have been generalised by asking about the paradigm that allows to study security of various entities and to obtain progress of knowledge about this
fragment of reality. Then, a set of paradigms typical for the social sciences, disciplines: political and administrative sciences,
international relations theory sub-discipline: security studies and management and quality sciences were analysed and evaluated
using a system of hypothetical and assertion-deductive methods. The subject, time and spatial context of security of entities, the
subject scope of security sciences and the ontological approach to the understanding of beings in the reality of security of entities
were outlined. The usefulness of analysed and evaluated paradigms in cognition of security was assessed in this context. Finally,
a complementary paradigm of cognition in security sciences was proposed and its usefulness in relation to multi-paradigmatic
cognition was demonstrated.
Subject-Entity Scope of State Security
Authors: Babiński Aleksander Cezary , Mika Janos , Ratusznyj Roman
Published: July 2020

This study is based on the assumption that the primary aim of the emergence of states was to provide security and
development opportunities for its citizens. This objective determines the method of exercising power, the applicable legal system
reflecting the adopted norms of social coexistence, and the public administration system. It was also presumed that security
is associated with a sense of threat and confidence. They can be both objective and subjective, which means that they can
be measurable or not. Due to the fact that while there are no major problems with determining the definition of a state, there are
still difficulties related to identifying the essence of security and, consequently, also the security of the state. Therefore, the paper
is based on the results of the bibliographic method and presents an overview of representative outlooks on issues related to threats,
security and national security. This was done by reference to works created on the basis of the law, political sciences, and security
sciences. The work was divided into three parts. The first introduces the considerations. The second presents views allowing the
nature of security to be determined, and the third part presents the subject-entity scope of state security and the determinants
of that security.
Public Security as a Cooperative Activity
a Few Thoughts on the Social and Public
Image of Law Enforcement Work
Authors: Szabolcs Mátyás , Sallai János , Szarvák Tibor , Tihanyi Miklós , Vince Vári
Published: July 2020

Law enforcement is a unique, clearly delineated area of state involvement. Enhancing security is an important aim
of state involvement, which affects diverse areas. Research thereon relate the interdisciplinary concept of security to conflicts and
socio-economic crises. As a consequence, setting up a framework of policies for the topic demands a plurality of methods. The Good
State and Governance report, published in 2015, names security and trust as defining spheres of influence. More specifically, the
following 5 indicators presented as dimensions of public security and catastrophe management (citizens’ sense of security in public
places of their residential area; citizens’ trust in the police; the number of registered wilful murders, intentional bodily injuries,
and robberies; government expenditure on public order, civil protection, fire and catastrophe management per 1000 citizens; and
the human resources of law enforcement) show well the importance of the common mindset associated with the Good State and
Government special report.
It is acknowledged that public security is a measurable social phenomenon; the objective state of private security is shown
by criminal statistics; and public opinion concerning public security informs us about subjective security.
The Essence of Terrorism
Authors: Zubrzycki Waldemar
Published: July 2020

The area of content to which the term “terrorism” refers is very broad and is also the subject of numerous studies. However,
the results indicate significant discrepancies in the understanding of the term, resulting not only in an ambiguous perception, but
above all in the lack of a generally accepted definition of the phenomenon. Researchers see it as an ideology, as well as a strategy,
tactics or method of fighting, and finally as a tool for achieving the goals set. The validity of the meaning assigned to them has
been verified by analysing the definitions of individual concepts, and in the search for the scope of meaning of the word terrorism,
the terms that are indicated as its synonyms have also been used. The research conducted indicated political motivation as a feature
distinguishing a terrorist from an ordinary criminal. Terrorists try to influence the power of a given country, also aiming at causing
disturbances in its decision-making processes and, as a result, paralysing the state apparatus. The main characteristic of terrorism
is the use of violence, which can take the form of any behaviour that results in the creation of a state of fear and danger in the
human psyche. The purpose of terrorism is, therefore, to deliberately arouse and exploit fear, and its far-reaching psychological
consequences go well beyond the immediate victims. Arousing fear in a society of the likelihood of a terrorist attack aims to force
a government, organisation or social group to take or abandon certain actions. The adoption of such a tactic of action is an effect
of disproportions, concerning both quantitative parameters of military potentials and factors determining the level of civilisation,
and the differences lie in both the way of thinking and views, as well as the method of conducting a fight. In such a context, the power
of terrorism comes from surprise, brutality and a task of the greatest possible loss in the shortest possible time, using unconventional
methods. Unfortunately, the use of terrorist methods has become widespread and the threat of terrorism has become global.
The Act on the National Cybersecurity
System as an Implementation of the NIS
Directive
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Tomasz
Published: July 2020

The article is devoted to the issue of the implementation of the Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council
(EU) of 6 July 2016 on measures contributing to a high level of security of networks and information systems within the territory
of the Union (the so-called NIS Directive) into the Polish legal system. In this context, the author analyses the Act on the National
Cybersecurity System, presenting the system and its individual components. The subjects of consideration are the provisions of the
Act on National Cybersecurity System of the Republic of Poland and other legal acts concerning the subject matter, which entered
into force before the adoption of the analysed act. In conclusion, the author states that in some cases, it is necessary to amend
individual legal acts in order to avoid ambiguities which lead to disruption of the system as a whole. The basic method used in this
article is legal dogmatics and critical analysis of the scientific literature, documents and opinions of experts—practitioners.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ‘in service’
of Internal Security of the State
Authors: Włodarczyk Renata
Published: July 2020

The study was created thanks to the author’s preferences to learn increasingly more about new technologies that are able
to increase the potential of internal security of the state. Recently, interest in recording areas (difficult to access, dangerous, monitored
in adverse weather conditions, monitored due to the implementation of tasks by relevant services), the development of methods
enabling the transmission of various materials at a distance, and performing other complicated activities have increased. For this
purpose, unmanned aerial vehicles (so-called drones, UAVs) that are versatile in many respects are used. The author noticed the need
to disseminate such innovative devices on native soil, especially for using them in multidirectional strengthening of the security sphere.
Polish companies producing UAVs for many foreign customers have already marked their presence in this matter. The achievements
of the designers are so impressive that it makes us appreciate the development of our technical thought, and above all, the use of drones
to ensure security and public order in Poland. A series of training courses is already conducted by the Police Academy in Szczytno,
which is a good solution both for teachers and, above all, for the trainees themselves. Such an initiative will undoubtedly translate
into increased interest in drones, and especially the incredible usefulness of these devices for uniformed services and other entities.
Polish Police in the Era of the
Contemporary Means of Direct Coercion
Authors: Nowak Marcin
Published: July 2020

The aim of this article is to show the importance of means of direct coercion in the era of modern threats. Undoubtedly,
an important role in this regard is played by the Police, as a body established to ensure security and public order. It is the
responsibility of police officers, both in Poland and in other countries, to take care of the safety of citizens. Therefore, police officers
should be prepared in an appropriate way, through the training process, to take up actions, including dangerous ones. It is also
essential that these people are adequately equipped with “tools” to enable them to be safe both personally and in relation to the
people they take action against. The means of physical coercion that are available to police officers undoubtedly fulfil this role. The
following article presents the results of research conducted among police officers in Poland within the framework of a research task
financed by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the framework of statutory activity. The aim of the research was
to determine, among other things, which of the individual means of direct coercion available to police officers in the course of their
official duties is in their opinion the most useful, and at the same time allows them to maintain safety during official interventions.
The respondents clearly assessed that this was the electric taser, i.e. the latest means of direct coercion introduced for the use of the
Polish Police in 2007. However, it is only from 2013 that the electric taser, in the form of three models — the Taser X26, Taser X2,
and Taser X26P — has been widely introduced into this uniformed formation.
Criminal Climatology — New Tool for
Identifi cation of Civilization Threats in the
Environmental Protection Area. National,
Regional and Global Perspective
Authors: Pływaczewski Wiesław , Duda Maciej , Narodowska Joanna
Published: July 2020

The following paper is devoted to the problem of criminal climatology. It is one of the innovative issues analyzed within
the framework of ecocriminology — a new field of criminology that has been dynamically developing since the beginning of the
20th century. The issue is analysed from a national, regional and global perspective. The authors of the study analyse and synthesise
the scientific achievements of ecocriminology to date, with particular emphasis on criminal problems related to climate. It should
be stressed that research in this area has so far been undertaken almost exclusively in the Anglo-Saxon criminology circle. The
gap in the Polish criminological literature is filled by the representatives of the Olsztyn School of Ecocriminology. At the same
time, the authors of the article try to answer the question whether there are relations between climatic and weather phenomena
and criminal and pathological behaviour. In the opinion of the authors, ecocriminological research may constitute a new tool
to identify civilization’s threats in the area of environmental protection. Criminal climatology can therefore be a valuable source
of criminological thought to fill the gaps in the existing knowledge on crime and pathological behaviours. At the same time, it is
a very prospective trend in scientific analysis which requires further research work. The article discusses the genesis of criminal
climatology, characterises its achievements to date, specifies the main areas of climatic threats and proposes directions for potential future scientific undertakings in this area.
Lebenslanges Lernen in Organisationen
Authors: Sälzle Sonja
Published: July 2020

In this book, Sonja Sälzle shows how learning and aptitude development among employees proceed in organisations and which factors have to be considered in this regard on an individual, a team-based and an organisational level. In her systematic review, she shows that transformational leaders can bolster the expertise of employees by enabling individual and organisational learning, implementing empowerment, supporting creativity and innovation, and creating a team and corporate culture that fosters learning.
Role of Macrophages in Solid Tumor Metabolism
Authors: Raj Sibi , Chandel Vaishali , Maurya Sujata , Kumar Dhruv
Published: July 2020

Cancer cells undergo several complex processes to grow and evolve. For their survival, they manipulate the entire system and acquire the ability to gain all the energy demands from the host system itself. Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are macrophages abundantly present in the tumor micro environment (TME) and essentially plays a critical role in coordination with the tumor cells helping them to progress and metastasize. One of the key hallmarks in tumor cells is elevated metabolic processes such as glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, mitochondrial oxidation, and amino acid metabolism. Macrophages help cancer cells to achieve this metabolic demand through a series of signaling events including mTOR, Akt, and PI3K pathways. The M2-like phenotype of macrophages leads to the tumorous macrophage phenotype along with the tumor cells to support tumor growth through metabolic dysregulation. Focusing upon the area of macrophage-mediated tumor metabolism in solid tumors has been a new area that provides new effective targets to treat cancer. This chapter discusses the role of macrophages in tumor metabolism and cancer progression. Targeting TAMs in tumor microenvironment through metabolic axis could be a potential therapeutic option to control the solid tumor growth and propagation.
Metapaidea and the Subject of Orientation
Authors: Seitz Brian ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

Education has come to mean the transmission of information, rather than the intimate awareness not just of things but of the learner's relation to things. Whereas the practice of paideia associated with modem philosophy has involved an effort to isolate the human in opposition to and contradistinction from that which is non-human, the metapaideia in question here is a practice of self-education, which is not "about the self"---not a given self—-so much as it is about the constitution of the self through dialogue with all that is other than self. That is, metapaideia follows from the question, "Where am I?," a question open to all possibilities, not, that is, to a universal as such, but to a universal dialogue or to a dialogue with the universe, an exchange with every aspect of the subject's situation.
Paideia and Universalism
Authors: Thorp Thomas ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

Jaeger's proposal in his 1933 work, Paideia, that classical Greece should be viewed as the origin and the sustaining source of Westem civilization is likely to be viewed today as, at best, quaint or, at worst, pemicious. But I argue that Jaeger's conception of paideia as acculturation or as the formation of character through culture is superior to current views of human development and education. At the same time, Jaeger accounts for the profundity of the classical Greek conception of education or acculturation by appealing to a relatively late Platonic notion of a universal standard or rational principle. I attempt to show that this late philosophical determination of paideia distorts an older Greek view of human culture, a view that might offer a model for a universalism that need not appeal to the idea of a self-grounding rational principle.
Responding to Shame
Authors: Wakefield Peter W. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

Socrates presents philosophy as an intrinsically valuable process, which renders human life valuable even if no human being attains complete knowledge. I show first that Plato viewed an ongoing commitment to dialogue as the key to a good life and to justice, both for the individual and for society. Second, I trace possible applications of this view of philosophy as ongoing dialogue to the contemporary philosophy curriculum. I discuss two specific apphcations: exposing the curriculum to Afrocentric challenges and insisting upon the liberating power of the discussions of justice presented by the ancients.
Venus and Liberty
Authors: Elders Fons ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

The common root of the humanist and mythological traditions is the projection of a cosmological and spiritual desire, reflected in mythic archetypes such as Venus or the Statue of Liberty in the harbor of New York City. The philosophical companion of Renaissance Venus is Eros as the all-compassing force in nature, and the philosophical correlate of the Statue of Liberty is Immanuel Kant's das Ding an sich. I focus on the intimate reladonship between the domain of artistic imagination and philosophical discourse: the apparent difference is due to the separation between philosophy, science, and the arts since the Enlightenment. Closer scrutiny reveals that the same content is hidden in the various vessels of our modern and postmodern time. Reason and imagination seem to have gone different roads, but I will try to show that they are inseparably interconnected.
Literary Fonn and Philosophical Argument in Premodem Texts
Authors: Dhillon Pradeep A. ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

I examine a link between forms of argument and aesthetics that occur in "premodem" Westem and non-Western texts so as to build toward a universal theory of knowledge while taking postmodern criticisms seriously. Such a method allows for dialogue across time and space. Specifically, I focus on John Bunyan's "Apology" for the Pilgrim s Progress, published in 1674, and the Tibetan logician Acarya Dignaga's fifth-century treatise Hetucakra. Their claims to tmth proceed through allegory and poetry. This examination does not settle existing debates; it brings a prior question more sharply into focus: In this time of cosmopolitan promise, how should considerations of universalism proceed?
Philosophy in Search of an Ethics of Universal Dialogue
Authors: Demenchonok Edward ,   Polish Academy of Sciences
Published: July 2020

Throughout human history, both lying and the coercion of someone's belief and will have been rejected through prohibitions that are a precondition for mutual understanding between people as well as for any agreement. Immanuel Kant contributed to the ethical formulation of these prohibitions, proving these universal claims through his method of transcendental formalism. Kant's theory of the categorical imperative is fruitfully developed by the ethics of discourse as the theory of the ultimate moral ground of earnest argumentation and consensus. I examine the post-metaphysical transformation of the categorical imperative, as expressed in the works of Karl-Otto Apel and Jürgen Habermas. Discourse ethics confronts the hermeneutical contextualist critique of universalism. This ethics develops a transcendental-pragmatic foundation for a universally valid principle of coresponsibility. It contributes to the search for a rationally grounded normative base for universal dialogue.
Kant and the Notion of a Juridical Duty to Oneself
Authors: Tomassini Fiorella ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: July 2020

In the Doctrine of Right Kant holds that the classical Ulpian command honeste vive is a juridical duty that has the particular feature (in contrast to the other juridical duties) of being internal. In this paper I explore the reasons why Kant denies that the duty to be an honorable human being comprises an ethical obligation (as, for example, Pufendorf and Achenwall thought) and conceives it as a juridical duty to oneself. I will argue that, despite the conceptual problems that the systematical incorporation of this type of duty into the doctrine of morals might entail, these reasons are coherent. The fulfillment of the duty honeste vive involves a coercion to the self but at the same time does not necessarily imply the adoption of a moral end.
On the Probability of Plenitude
Authors: Russell Jeffrey Sanford ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: July 2020

I examine what the mathematical theory of random structures can teach us about the probability of Plenitude, a thesis closely related to David Lewis's modal realism. Given some natural assumptions, Plenitude is reasonably probable a priori, but in principle it can be (and plausibly it has been) empirically disconfirmed—not by any general qualitative evidence, but rather by our de re evidence.
Estrategias de aprendizaje, motivación y rendimiento académico en alumnos universitarios
Authors: Martínez J. Reynaldo , Galán Ferrán
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn  el  presente  trabajo  se  estima  la  consistencia  interna  del MSLQ  (autoreporte  de  estrategias  de aprendizaje y motivación) en una muestra de estudiantes universitarios de Pedagogía de la Universidad de Barcelona y la correlación entre las estrategias autorreportadas y la calificación definitiva en una asignatura específica. Participan 182 estudiantes de 1er. curso de Pedagogía, la mayoría de sexo femenino (88%) y con una edad promedio de 19,63 años. Para el área de motivación (alpha = .65), un análisis factorial confirmatorio determina que las subescalas de: valor de la tarea, autoeficacia, orientación extrínseca, ansiedad y control de creencias son consistentes para su constructo. En cuanto a las estrategias de aprendizaje (alpha = .73), destacan las subescalas de: elaboración, organización, tiempo y ambiente de estudio, y autorregulación. En relación con la calificación definitiva no se evidencia relación  significativa entre  esta  y  las  creencias  del  sujeto  sobre  su motivación  y  sus  estrategias  de aprendizaje. El hecho de no hallar relación lineal entre las estrategias autoreportadas por el alumno y su calificación definitiva en la asignatura, puede estar explicado por: (1) deficiencias en la práctica instruccional, (2) deficiencias en la evaluación final de la asignatura (tipo test de selección múltiple), y/o (3) problemas de validez externa del MSLQ en esta muestra de universitarios españoles. Se discuten estas posibles explicaciones.ABSTRACTIn this study the main purpose was to estimate the internal consistency of the MSLQ (Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire) and to estimate the correlation between the academic performance, cognitive and motivational strategies. Participants were 182 undergarduates (88 % female) in a pedagogy program at the University of Barcelona. Data analysis consisted in the use of descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and factor analysis. The results suggest that in the motivation scale (alpha = .65), intrinsic goal orientation, task value, selfefficacy and control beliefs have strong consistency. In the learning strategies section (alpha = .73) four subscales are consistent: elaboration, critical thinking, regulational, and time and study enviroment. The subscales showed no significant correlations with final grades and we believe that this lack of correlation is due to: (1) deficiences in teaching practice, (2) deficiences in evaluation performance, (3) a possible lack of cross cultural validity of the MSLQ.
El modelo tecnológico de intervención psicopedagógica
Authors: Pantoja Antonio
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEn este artículo se lleva a cabo una aproximación conceptual al denominado Modelo Tecnológico (MT) de intervención psicopedagógica en orientación. En una primera parte se enmarca el modelo en el escenario de la Sociedad de la Información y se revisan algunas notas definitorias del mismo aparecidas a lo largo de los últimos años en la literatura especializada en orientación, que siempre han tenido un carácter meramente teórico. Seguidamente, se analiza el MT desde distintos ángulos y puntos de vista, se establecen sus características principales y se desarrolla el marco metodológico que le es propio para su correcta implementación en la acción orientadora. Por último, se resume las ventajas e inconvenientes que presenta.ABSTRACTIn this article, we can find a conceptual approach to the so-called Technological Model (TM) of psycho-pedagogical intervention in the field of Guidance. In the first part, the model is set in the framework of the Information Society and a revision of some defining notes of this model appeared through the last years in the specialised publications on Teaching Guidance, is carried out which have always had a merely theoretical character. Then, the TM is analysed from different angles and points of view, its main features are established and the methodological framework that is necessary for its adequate implementation within the guiding action in the teaching process is also developed. Finally, the advantages and shortcomings that this model presents are summarised.
Calidad de las relaciones familiares, su relación con la salud y conductas de riesgo en adolescentes
Authors: Sánchez López Mª Cristina , Parra Martínez Joaquín , Rosa Alcázar Ana Isabel
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEl estudio que presentamos en este artículo tiene como propósito general el análisis de la relación existente entre la calidad de las relaciones de los adolescentes con su familia inmediata, la salud entendida de dos modos: salud física y salud psicológica, y el consumo de sustancias adictivas para la salud. Para ello los participantes fueron 170 sujetos de ambos géneros con edades comprendidas entre 14 y 20 años. Los resultados muestran que existen relaciones significativas entre los constructos mencionados, las asociaciones entre la calidad de las relaciones percibidas en el contexto familiar y estas dos perspectivas de salud consideradas (física y psicológica) se concretan y matizan en función de variables sociodemográficas, tales como edad, sexo y régimen de escolarización, y en función de las figuras específicas objeto de relación como son el padre, la madre o los hermanos.ABSTRACTThe general purpose of the research presented in the following article is the analysis of the relation existed between the quality of the relations that teenagers have with their close family, considering health in two different ways: physical health and psychological health, and the consumption of addictive substances for the health. For this reason the sample used has been composed by 170 individuals of both sexes with ages among 14 and 20. The results show that meaningful relations between the previously mentioned terms exist. The associations between the quality of the perceived relations in the context of the family and these two considered ways of health (physics and psychological) are concreted and clarified according not only to social-demographic variables, such as age, sex and way of the boarding school régime, but also to specific figures which are important in the relation, such as the father, the mother or the brothers.
Profesores de educación para la carrera (en Secundaria) y estándares de calidad: un enfoque interactivo
Authors: Oomen Annemarie
Published: July 2020

RESUMENEsta experiencia presenta los resultados parciales de un estudio llevado a cabo por el Centro Nacional para la Mejora de la Escuela (Utrecht, Holanda). En Holanda, la descentralización de las políticas educativas confiere mayor responsabilidad a los profesionales de la educación para asegurar la calidad en su contexto de trabajo. Durante dos años, se recogieron datos a través de una encuesta de ámbito nacional con profesores de educación para la carrera en escuelas de secundaria, para proponer estándares en relación a: las áreas fundamentales de intervención del profesor de educación para la carrera, las competencias necesarias para realizar las tareas pertinentes en cada una de estas áreas, indicadores de comportamiento en estas competencias. El objetivo principal era y es generar un proceso interactivo y auto-evaluativo sobre la calidad de las actividades de desarrollo de la carrera en la escuela, no imponer unos estándares que regulen la calidad o sirvan de herramienta para medirla. En esta contribución se describe el proceso seguido y sus resultados, con las áreas de intervención, tareas y competencias identificadas. Se hace énfasis en los procedimientos interactivos que han contribuido a que los profesores de educación para la carrera hagan suyos los estándares de calidad de las tareas que realizan. Se concluye con ejemplos de aplicación en el propio contexto de trabajo, y se apuntan líneas de acción futuras.ABSTRACTThis experience presents the partial results of a study conducted by the National Center for School Improvement (Utrecht, Netherlands). In the Netherlands, the decentralization of educational policy gives more responsibility to the education professionals to ensure quality in their work context. For two years, data were collected through a national survey to teachers with career education in secondary schools, to propose standards regarding to: the key areas of teacher education career, the skills required to perform the relevant tasks in each of these areas, performance indicators in these competitions. The main objective was and is to create an interactive process and self-evaluation on the quality of the development activities of the school career, not imposing standards governing the quality or serving as a tool to measure it. This contribution describes the process followed and the results with the intervention areas, tasks, and competences identified. Interactive procedures that have helped teachers to make career education quality standards in performing their tasks done are emphasized. Examples of application in the context of own work are given and future lines of action are targeted.