bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of WNT signaling in adult ovarian folliculogenesis
Authors: Hernandez Gifford J A
Published: September 2015

Wingless-type mouse mammary tumor virus integration site (WNT) signaling molecules are locally secreted glycoproteins that play important role in regulation of ovarian follicle maturation and steroid production. Components of the WNT signaling pathway have been demonstrated to impact reproductive functions, including embryonic development of the sex organs and regulation of follicle maturation controlling steroidogenesis in the postnatal ovary. Emerging evidence underscores the complexity of WNT signaling molecules in regulation of dynamic changes that occur in the ovary during the reproductive cycle. While disruption in the WNT signaling cascade has been recognized to have deleterious consequences to normal sexual development, more recent studies are beginning to highlight the importance of these molecules in adult ovarian function related to follicle development, corpus luteum formation, steroid production and fertility. Hormonal regulation of WNT genes and expression of members of the WNT signaling network, including WNT ligands, frizzled receptors, and downstream signaling components that are expressed in the postnatal ovary at distinct stages of the estrous cycle suggest a crucial role in normal ovarian function. Similarly, FSH stimulation of T-cell factor-dependent gene expression requires input from β-catenin, a lynchpin molecule in canonical WNT signaling, further indicating β-catenin participation in regulation of follicle maturation. This review will focus on the multiple functions of WNT signaling in folliculogenesis in the adult ovary.
Lack of FSH support enhances LIF–STAT3 signaling in granulosa cells of atretic follicles in cattle
Authors: Ilha Gustavo Freitas , Rovani Monique T , Gasperin Bernardo G , Antoniazzi Alfredo Quites , Gonçalves Paulo Bayard Dias , Bordignon Vilceu , Duggavathi Raj
Published: September 2015

Subordinate follicles (SFs) of bovine follicular waves undergo atresia due to declining FSH concentrations; however, the signalling mechanisms have not been fully deciphered. We used an FSH-induced co-dominance model to determine the effect of FSH on signalling pathways in granulosa cells of the second-largest follicles (SF in control cows and co-dominant follicle (co-DF2) in FSH-treated cows). The SF was smaller than DF in control cows while diameters of co-DF1 and co-DF2 in FSH-treated cows were similar. The presence of cleaved CASP3 protein confirmed that granulosa cells of SFs, but not of DFs and co-DFs, were apoptotic. To determine the effect of FSH on molecular characteristics of the second-largest follicles, we generated relative variables for the second largest follicle in each cow. For this, variables of SF or co-DF2 were divided by the variables of the largest follicle DF or co-DF1 in each cow. There was higher transcript abundance of MAPK1/3 and AKT1/2/3 but lower abundance of phosphorylated MAPK3/1 in SF than co-DF2 granulosa cells. Abundance of mRNA and phosphorylated protein of STAT3 was higher in granulosa cells of control SF than FSH-treated co-DF2. SF granulosa cells had higher levels of LIFR and IL6ST transcripts, the two receptors involved in STAT3 activation. Further, lower transcript abundance of interleukin 6 receptor (IL6R), another receptor involved in STAT3 activation, indicated that STAT3 activation in SF granulosa cells could be mainly due to leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) signalling. These results indicate that atresia due to lack of FSH is associated with activated LIF–STAT3 signalling in SF granulosa cells, as FSH treatment reversed such activation.
We can work it out
Authors: Collins Marcus
Published: September 2015

This article surveys the evolution of popular and academic research on The Beatles from the 1960s to the present. The section on popular writing identifies and critiques four strands of popular writing on The Beatles: hagiographical and sensationalist biographies, rock criticism and chronicling. The section on academic writing argues that traditionalist academics initially opposed the very idea of scholarship on The Beatles and that contemporary British historians still question the band’s significance as part of their wider revisionist critique of the 1960s as a major turning-point in modern British history. The article concludes by suggesting how academics might profitably pursue a less biographical approach and a more rigorous form of source analysis than that generally found in popular works.
Resource Notes
Authors: Blyghton Jo
Published: September 2015

Resource Notes on the National Jazz Archive, Loughton Library, Essex, UK.
Effect of selection on genetic variability in yellow passion fruit
Authors: Costa Juliana Leles , Jesus Onildo Nunes de , Oliveira Gilmara Alvarenga Fachardo , Oliveira Eder Jorge de
Published: September 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity in improved (IG) and unimproved germplasm (UIG) of yellow passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims f. flavicarpa Deg), based on ISSR (Inter Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. The genotypes were grouped by neighbor joining clustering and principal component analysis. Regardless of the genotype, a high number of polymorphic bands was observed, aside from several specific fragments of the groups, according to the level of improvement. Unimproved genotypes had a higher number of polymorphic fragments. The hierarchical and principal component clustering coincided in the formation of two rather distinct groups (IG and UIG). The molecular analysis of variance to check the differentiation between groups showed 57 and 43% of the variation within and between groups, respectively. This study demonstrated the potential of ISSR to determine molecular polymorphism in yellow passion fruit and that breeding has narrowed the genetic variability.
Contribution and perspectives of quantitative genetics to plant breeding in Brazil
Authors: Vencovsky Roland , Ramalho Magno Antonio Patto , Toledo Fernando Henrique Ribeiro Barrozo
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this article is to show how quantitative genetics has contributed to the huge genetic progress obtained in plant breeding in Brazil in the last forty years. The information obtained through quantitative genetics has given Brazilian breeders the possibility of responding to innumerable questions in their work in a much more informative way, such as the use or not of hybrid cultivars, which segregating population to use, which breeding method to employ, alternatives for improving the efficiency of selection programs, and how to handle the data of progeny and/or cultivars evaluations to identify the most stable ones and thus improve recommendations.
Contribution of the institutions in the Northern region of Brazil to the development of plant cultivars and their impact on agriculture
Authors: Souza Aparecida das Graças Claret de , Sousa Nelcimar Reis , Lopes Ricardo , Atroch André Luiz , Barcelos Edson , Cordeiro Everton , Oliveira Maria do Socorro Padilha de , Alves Rafael Moisés , Farias Neto João Toé de , Noda Hiroshi , Silva Filho Danilo F , Yuyama Kaoru , Almeida Caio Márcio Vasconcellos Cordeiro de , Lopes Maria Teresa Gomes , Ohashi Selma Toyoko
Published: September 2015

This paper describes the development of breeding programs in northern Brazil and their main impacts on agriculture. Their contribution to the breeding of the species palm oil, acai fruit, cacao, cupuaçu, guarana, tomato, camu-camu, cocona, peach palm, and rubber was laid out in detail. Advances in breeding programs of institutions such as Embrapa, Ceplac, Inpa, and Universities require investments in infrastructure and in human and financial resources to ensure continuity and efficiency in economic, social and environmental gains. The improvement of native species, the main focus of the breeding programs of the institutions in the Northern region of Brazil, is a form of exploiting the Amazonian biodiversity for the benefit of society. Therefore, policies to foster research institutions should be a subject of deliberation and action of the scientific and technological community in Brazil.
EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA CIDADE DE SOBRAL: DO COTIDIANO A SALA DE AULA
Authors: Cristina Adelly , Torres Marcélia Vieira , Sobrinho José Falcão
Published: September 2015

O presente ensaio ilustra a pesquisa - ação que a comunidade do Colégio Estadual Dom José Tupinambá da Frota, Sobral – CE realizou acerca do meio ambiente na cidade de Sobral. Para tanto, associou - se o cotidiano dos discentes com as abordagens que envolvem a temática, mediante a identificação dos problemas ambientais na respectiva cidade. Ressalta - se que a educação atual, trabalha na perspectiva do local ao global, devido ser de fácil acessibilidade, melhor entendimento e a participação assídua dos envolvidos, pois age em seu convívio. Desta forma, a metodologia adotada  promoveu atividades teóricas e práticas (oficinas, palestras, painéis, entre outros) com o intuito de atitudes positivas e comprometimento pessoal com a proteção ambiental através da interdisciplinaridade.PALAVRAS CHAVES: Educação ambiental. Cidade. Escola. ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN SOBRAL CITY: DAILY LIFE OF A CLASSROOM ABSTRACTThis test illustrates the research - action that the community of State College Dom José Tupinambá Fleet, Sobral - CE made about the environment in the city of Sobral. There fore, associated - the daily life of students with approaches involving the theme by identifying the environmental problems in their city. It points out - that the current education, works in the local perspective to global, due to be easily accessible, better understanding and the regular participation of those involved, because it acts in its conviviality. Thus, the adopted methodology promoted theoretical and practical activities (workshops, lectures, panels, etc.) in order to positive attitudes and personal commitment to environmental protection through interdisciplinarity.KEYWORDS: Environmental education. City. School.   EDUCACIÓN AMBIENTAL EN SOBRAL CIUDAD: LA VIDA DIARIA DE UN AULA RESUMEN:Este ensayo ilustra la investigación - acción que la comunidad de State College Dom José Tupinambá Flota, Sobral - CE hechas por el medio ambiente en la ciudad de Sobral. Por lo tanto, asociado - la vida cotidiana de los estudiantes con los enfoques que involucran el tema mediante la identificación de los problemas ambientales en su ciudad. Recuerda - que la educación actual, que funciona en la perspectiva local a lo global, debe ser fácilmente accesible, mejor comprensión y la participación regular de los involucrados, ya que actúa en su convivencia. Por lo tanto, la metodología adoptada promovió actividades teóricas y prácticas (talleres, conferencias, paneles, etc.) con el fin de actitudes positivas y compromiso personal para la protección del medio ambiente a través de la interdisciplinariedad. PALABRAS CLAVE: Educación ambiental. Ciudad. Escuela
O DESPEJO DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS NAS OCUPAÇÕES IRREGULARES NO CANAL DO JANDIÁ (MACAPÁ-AP).
Authors: Cardoso Marcelle Alves , Mota Pablo Diego M. , Silva Luciana Carvalho da , Monteiro Sibelle Cavalcante , Ferreira José F. C.
Published: September 2015

O município de Macapá vivencia uma relação de estreita proximidade com o Rio Amazonas em virtude do seu recorte territorial. Os canais, igarapés, lagoas e ressacas que cortam o município exercem a função de drenagem natural das águas superficiais até o Rio Amazonas. Em sua maioria, as margens são ocupadas irregularmente e os Resíduos Sólidos são despejados diretamente no local, como sucede no Canal do Jandiá, foco do presente estudo. Metodologicamente faz se uso da pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, e observação in loco. O objetivo consiste em evidenciar as causas do despejo incorreto dos resíduos sólidos e expor alternativas que amenizem os impactos ambientais gerados por tais ações, além de propor soluções que as interrompam e minimizem as consequências.                                                                                                      Palavras-Chave: Resíduos sólidos urbanos; Ocupação urbana irregular; Canal do Jandiá; Macapá. THE EVICTION OF SOLID WASTE IN OCCUPATIONS IN IRREGULAR JANDIA CHANNEL (MACAPÁ-AP). ABSTRACTThe municipality of Macapá experience a close proximity with the Amazon River because of its own territorial configuration. The canals, small rivers, ponds and “ressacas” that cross the municipality have the function of natural rainwater drainage to the Amazon River. For the most part, their margins are irregularly occupied and the solid waste of resident population is thrown out in the local, as occurs in the Jandiá Canal, focus of the present study. Methodologically is used bibliographical and documental research and observation in loco. The aim of this study is to highlight the causes of incorrect disposal of solid waste and find alternatives that mitigate the environmental impacts generated by such actions, and propose solutions that interrupt it and minimize those consequences.Keywords: solid waste; irregular occupation; Canal do Jandiá. EL DESALOJO DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS EN OCUPACIONES EN IRREGULAR EN CANAL JANDIÁ (MACAPÁ-AP). RESUMENEl municipio de Macapá experimenta una estrecha relación de proximidad con el río Amazonas a causa de su recorte territorial. Los canales, pequeños ríos, estanques y resacas que cortan el municipio ejercen la función de drenaje natural de las aguas superficiales para el río Amazonas. En la gran mayoría, sus márgenes están ocupados irregularmente y los residuos sólidos son vertidos en el lugar, como sucede en el Canal Jandiá, enfoque de este estudio. Metodológicamente se utiliza la pesquisa bibliográfica y documental y la observación in loco. El objetivo es poner de relieve las causas de la eliminación incorrecta de los residuos sólidos y exponer las alternativas que mitiguen los impactos ambientales generados por este tipo de acciones, y proponer soluciones que interrumpen y minimizan las consecuencias.Palabras-Clave: residuos sólidos; ocupación irregular; Canal do Jandiá.
Saber científico y poder instituido como campo de disputas en el proceso de instalación y gestión del agua en Campos dos Goytacazes: el legado de la Compañía The Campos Syndicate Limited
Authors: Teixeira Simonne , Peixoto-Faria Teresa de J.
Published: September 2015

En Brasil, durante el siglo XIX, los sistemas de abastecimiento y saneamiento de agua fueron implantados por empresas privadas. En Rio de Janeiro, la empresa responsable fue la The Rio de Janeiro City Improvements Company Limited, y en Campos dos Goytacazes la The Campos Syndicate Limited. El ingeniero sanitarista Saturnino de Brito elaboró proyectos urbanísticos que tradujeron su preocupación por la sanidad ambiental. Brito fue uno de los más vigorosos críticos de la privatización de los servicios de agua, sobretodo en relación a la The Campos Syndicate, revelando los innumerables conflictos que marcaron la actuación de esta Compañía. En este artículo analizamos algunos de los debates surgidos sobre el proceso de implantación de los primeros servicios de agua entre el poder público, los especialistas y la población. Por último, resaltamos algunos marcos arquitectónicos destinados al abastecimiento y al saneamiento de la ciudad que aún están presentes en el paisaje urbano.
Municipalización y modernización del servicio de abastecimiento de agua en España: el caso de Málaga (1860-1930)
Authors: Heredia-Flores Víctor M.
Published: September 2015

El estudio de casos locales permite profundizar en el conocimiento de la evolución de los modelos de organización y gestión del servicio de abastecimiento de agua en las ciudades españolas entre la segunda mitad del siglo XIX y las primeras décadas del XX. La incapacidad técnica y financiera de las administraciones locales para acometer la modernización de los sistemas de suministro promovió el recurso a las concesiones a particulares como solución más habitual en las grandes poblaciones como Málaga. En esta ciudad el servicio fue explotado desde 1876 por varias empresas privadas que desarrollaron un modelo de negocio especulativo, caracterizado por la carencia de inversiones y el progresivo deterioro del servicio. Finalmente, el Ayuntamiento rescató la concesión en 1913 y realizó un ambicioso proyecto de renovación del servicio entre 1923 y 1929. El cambio de modelo de gestión se tradujo en una modernización parcial del sistema y en la superación de las actividades especulativas en torno al suministro, pero fue insuficiente para satisfacer las demandas sociales y urbanas de una ciudad en crecimiento.
Redes de política y diseño de estrategias para superar la crisis del agua. Los casos de los acuíferos del Valle de León, Guanajuato, y del Valle de Aguascalientes (México)
Authors: Caldera-Ortega Alex R.
Published: September 2015

Este artículo se basa en un estudio que muestra la disputa entre proyectos políticos en torno a la gestión del agua en dos acuíferos del centro de México afectados por sobreexplotación. Los casos se refieren al acuífero del Valle de León, Guanajuato, y del Valle de Aguascalientes. Analíticamente la atención se pone en el tipo de relaciones entabladas entre los actores públicos y privados involucrados en la gestión del agua subterránea, así como en los arreglos institucionales que moldean dichas relaciones a partir de la perspectiva llamada “análisis de redes de política pública”. El presente trabajo tiene el objetivo de resaltar no sólo el conflicto distributivo del agua en México, sino el de identificar condiciones estructurales de la persistencia de la crisis del agua. Los resultados de esta investigación permiten expresar dos ideas generales en este sentido: Primero, las políticas y estrategias basadas en la perspectiva que ve al agua como un bien económico son insuficientes y parciales al dejar fuera soluciones basadas en una mayor justicia distributiva y comprometidas con la sustentabilidad del medio ambiente; y segundo, el desarrollo de soluciones efectivas a la crisis del agua requerirá la consolidación de arreglos institucionales basados en reglas del juego que configuren un sector agua más inclusivo y que incida integralmente en las estrategias de desarrollo local.
Politique des “eaux publiques” et affirmation du pouvoir municipal au XVIIIe siècle à Vila Rica (Minas Gerais, Brésil)
Authors: Carles Marjolaine
Published: September 2015

La politique de l’eau à Vila Rica (Brésil) au XVIIIe siècle était une préoccupation centrale pour la monarchie portugaise, la municipalité et la population, mêlant des intérêts “communs” et “particuliers”. Cette enquête sur la gestion des eaux urbaines restitue la genèse du statut des eaux publiques au cœur d’une dynamique de colonisation. Le partage se complexifiait avec le développement d’activités parallèlement à l’exploitation minière. De fait, la ressource en abondance et par nature inaliénable, qui relevait du patrimoine royal, est devenue un bien appropriable. Les enjeux spatiaux et économiques de son contrôle garantissaient une autonomie politique à la ville. Ainsi, le programme des eaux publiques est apparu comme un vecteur d’émancipation des autorités municipales dans l’espace colonial.
Consecuencias del megaproyecto de dragado de profundización en el sistema socio-ecológico del estuario del Guadalquivir, España
Authors: Vargas-Molina Jesús
Published: September 2015

La dinámica cortoplacista, sectorial y descoordinada que ha guiado las acciones humanas sobre los recursos del estuario del río Guadalquivir en las últimas décadas ha terminado provocando un importante deterioro del ecosistema y por tanto de los servicios que este puede proporcionar a la sociedad. Para garantizar la sostenibilidad de estos recursos es necesaria, como punto de partida, una visión territorial del estuario basada en la comprensión de las relaciones mediante las que interactúan continuamente el sistema social y el sistema natural. Bajo esta idea se realiza una aproximación del estuario del Guadalquivir hacia el marco de los sistemas socio-ecológicos y se analizan las consecuencias que una planificación sectorial y descoordinada, como la que ejemplifica el megaproyecto de dragado de profundización, puede tener sobre este sistema.
Cidades e mudanças climáticas (C3 studies):
Authors: Sathler Douglas
Published: September 2015

Ojima e E. Marandola (orgs.) Mudanças climáticas e as cidades: novos e antigos debates nabusca da sustentabilidade urbana. São Paulo: Blucher, 2013. 272 p. ISBN: 978-85-212-0805-1.
Programa Fome Zero sob Foco
Authors: Tiburcio James Augusto Pires
Published: September 2015

Aaron Ansell. Zero Hunger: Political Culture and Antipoverty Policy in Northeast Brazil. Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 2014. 239 p. Anexos, referências bibliográficas, índice remissivo, ilustrações. ISBN 978-1-46961397-0 .
Sustentabilidad como Elección Colectiva
Authors: Arias Fabio , Quintero Melissa
Published: September 2015

En este artículo se enfatiza que la sustentabilidad es un asunto de elección colectiva. No existe una definición definitiva de lo que significa ni un procedimiento estándar para alcanzarla. La sustentabilidad siempre será ambigua, y podrá redefinirse en cada contexto donde sea aplicada. Esta característica de la sustentabilidad la torna un asunto de elección colectiva, donde los resultados dependerán de la habilidad de la sociedad para resolver asuntos comunes. Por ello, la sustentabilidad estará asociada a espacios de deliberación donde estarán en juego intereses y valores, pero el éxito estará en la medida que tales espacios traten las causas de los problemas y no simplemente equilibrar los intereses en disputa.
Decolonizing social sciences in Suriname: a strategic view in favor of regionalism
Authors: Menke Jack K , Menke Henk E
Published: September 2015

Social sciences research about Suriname is euro-centric. It is dominated by the Dutch and evolved in the context of academic colonialism. From the Surinamese point of view, this situation is undesired. Some lessons can be learned from others, e.g. South East Asian and New Zealand/Maori scientific communities. In order to decolonize research it is suggested that the Surinamese social scientists community is strengthened and that cooperation with institutions in the South-American and Caribbean region is intensified. To achieve sustainability in a regional context concerted action of social scientists and academic institutions is required. The focus in this article is on cooperation with Brazil, the Southern neighbor of Suriname and a leading nation in the region. Referring to common factors in history and current social developments in Suriname and Brazil, it is suggested that the cooperation that started in the last decades of the 20th century is intensified.
Fronteira do Gado e a Melinis Minutiflora P. Beauv. (POACEAE):
Authors: Silva Sandro Dutra , Mateus Rosimeire , Braz Vivian , Peixoto Josana
Published: September 2015

Este artigo objetiva apresentar uma revisão da bibliografia que informa sobre a introdução de gramíneas exóticas, sobretudo de origem africana, no Cerrado goiano. A pecuária foi a principal atividade econômica de Goiás no século XIX e na primeira metade do século XX. Os campos do Cerrado goiano favoreceram o assentamento de parte da sociedade rancheira com seus currais e boiadas. Neste artigo, pretendemos analisar, por meio da história ambiental das gramíneas e da pecuária, a relação entre sociedade e natureza nas savanas do Planalto Central do Brasil nesse período. Dialogamos com os estudos de botânica e a sua relação com a história ambiental, no que se refere Ã s transformações das paisagens pelas ações antrópicas. O estudo destaca a introdução de gramíneas exóticas, especialmente os registros históricos sobre o capim-gordura na expansão da atividade pastoril em Goiás.
Entre a Especialização Produtiva e a Agroecologia:
Authors: Capellesso Adinor José , Cazella Ademir Antonio
Published: September 2015

Este artigo analisa as estratégias de reprodução social de estabelecimentos familiares com o objetivo de avaliar suas formas de inserção nos mercados e possíveis implicações socioambientais. O estudo de caso contou com 37 entrevistas com produtores convencionais e orgânicos no Extremo Oeste Catarinense. Enquanto as criações integradas demandam especialização, a agroecologia orienta-se pela diversificação produtiva. Entre esses polos, a atividade leiteira apresenta elevada expressão social, mas com reconfigurações importantes em curso na sua relação com os mercados. A demanda por maior escala, necessária para manter-se nessa cadeia e obter melhores preços, expande o modelo produtivista de elevado uso de insumos, o qual subjuga a preservação ambiental e reduz a margem de manobra frente Ã s oscilações de mercado e aos possíveis problemas sanitários. Nesse contexto, o Estado e as organizações representativas do setor podem: a) assumir papel ativo, disputando a construção dos mercados; ou b) aceitar o fatalismo da concentração excludente em curso.
Unidades de Conservação:
Authors: Tofeti Alexandre Resende
Published: September 2015

Nurit Bensusan e P. P. Prates. A diversidade cabe na Unidade? ”“ Áreas Protegidas no Brasil.Brasília: IEB mil folhas, 2014. 736p. ISBN 978-85-60443-28-4.
No plano ambiental o Brasil é um major player na cena global:
Authors: Pádua José Augusto , Drummond José Augusto , Litre Gabriela
Published: September 2015

Entrevista Professor Pádua
Madihin: Kesenian Tradisional Masyarakat Banjar Sebagai Media Dakwah Islam
Authors: Jamalie Zulfa
Published: September 2015

Penggarapan madihin sebagai media dakwah Islam, terutama bersifat lokal masih minim sekali. Oleh karena itu yang mendalam dan modifikasi terhadap pemanfaatn madihin sebagai media rakyat (folk media) dibidang dakwah urgent sebagaimana halnya ludruk dari Jawa Timur. Dengan demikian, madihin tidak hanya sebagai penyampai pesan-pesan keagamaan sekaligus berfungsi sebagai media hiburan dan pendidikan.
Insecticides promote viral outbreaks by altering herbivore competition
Authors: Pan Huipeng , Preisser Evan L. , Chu Dong , Wang Shaoli , Wu Qingjun , Carrière Yves , Zhou Xuguo , Zhang Youjun
Published: September 2015

While the management of biological invasions is often characterized by a series of single‐species decisions, invasive species exist within larger food webs. These biotic interactions can alter the impact of control/eradication programs and may cause suppression efforts to inadvertently facilitate invasion spread and impact. We document the rapid replacement of the invasive Bemisia Middle East–Asia Minor I (MEAM1) cryptic biotype by the cryptic Mediterranean (MED) biotype throughout China and demonstrate that MED is more tolerant of insecticides and a better vector of tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) than MEAM1. While MEAM1 usually excludes MED under natural conditions, insecticide application reverses the MEAM1–MED competitive hierarchy and allows MED to exclude MEAM1. The insecticide‐mediated success of MED has led to TYLCV outbreaks throughout China. Our work strongly supports the hypothesis that insecticide use in China reverses the MEAM1–MED competitive hierarchy and allows MED to displace MEAM1 in managed landscapes. By promoting the dominance of a Bemisia species that is a competent viral vector, insecticides thus increase the spread and impact of TYLCV in heterogeneous agroecosystems.
Improvement of antioxidant properties of egg white protein enzymatic hydrolysates by membrane ultrafiltration
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena , Stefanovic Andrea , Zuza Milena , Jakovetic Sonja , Sekuljica Natasa , Bugarski Branko , Knezevic-Jugovic Zorica
Published: September 2015

The production of bioactive peptides from egg white proteins (EWPs) and their
separation are emerging areas with many new applications. The objective of
this study was to compare antioxidant activity of three distinct EWP
hydrolysates and their peptide fractions prepared by membrane
ultrafiltration using membranes with 30, 10 and 1 kDa molecular weight
cut-off. The hydrolysates were obtained by thermal and ultrasound pretreated
EWPs hydrolyzed with a bacterial protease, Alcalase. It appeared that the
pretreatment significantly affected peptide profiles and antioxidant
activity of the hydrolysates measured by ABTS, DPPH and FRAP methods. The
hydrolysate prepared using Alcalase and ultrasound pretreatment at 40 kHz -
15 min has shown to be the most effective in scavenging both DPPH and ABTS
radicals (28.10?1.38 and 79.44?2.31%, respectively). It has been noticed
that this hydrolysate had a nutritionally more adequate peptide profile than
the other hydrolysates with a much lower amount of peptides <1 kDa
(11.19?0.53 %) and the greatest content of the peptide fraction in the
molecular weight (MW) range of 1-10 kDa (28.80?0.07 %). This peptide
fraction has been exactly showed the highest DPPH and ABTS antioxidant
activity compared to all other fractions having a potential to be used as a
functional food ingredient.
Study on diesel cylinder-head cooling using nanofluid coolant with jet impingement
Authors: Su Zhong-Gen , Zheng Wei , Zhang Zhen-Dong
Published: September 2015

To improve the heat-transfer performance of a diesel-engine cylinder head,
nanofluid coolant as a new fluid was investigated, and jet impingement
technology was then used to study on how to better improve heat-transfer
coefficient at the nose bridge area in the diesel-engine cylinder head.
Computational fluid dynamic simulation and experiments results demonstrated
that using the same jet impingement parameters, the different volume shares
of nanofluids showed better cooling effect than traditional coolant, but the
good effect of the new cooling method was unsuitable for high volume share
of nanofluid. At the same volume share of nanofluid, different jet
impingement parameters such as jet angles showed different heat-transfer
performance. This result implies that a strong association exists between
jet impingement parameters and heat-transfer coefficient. The increase in
coolant viscosity of the nanofluid coolant using jet impingement requires
the expense of more drive-power cost.
Spark ignition engine performance and emissions in a high compression engine using biogas and methane mixtures without knock occurrence
Authors: Gómez Montoya , Amell Arrieta , Zapata Lopez
Published: September 2015

With the purpose to use biogas in an internal combustion engine with high
compression ratio and in order to get a high output thermal efficiency, this
investigation used a diesel engine with a maximum output power 8.5 kW, which
was converted to spark ignition mode to use it with gaseous fuels. Three
fuels were used: Simulated biogas, biogas enriched with 25% and 50% methane
by volume. After conversion, the output power of the engine decreased by
17.64% when using only biogas, where 7 kW was the new maximum output power
of the engine. The compression ratio was kept at 15.5:1, and knocking did
not occur during engine operation. Output thermal efficiency operating the
engine in SI mode with biogas enriched with 50% methane was almost the same
compared with the engine running in diesel-biogas dual mode at full load and
was greater at part loads. The dependence of the diesel pilot was eliminated
when biogas was used in the engine converted in SI mode. The optimum
condition of experiment for the engine without knocking was using biogas
enriched with 50% methane, with 12 degrees of spark timing advance and
equivalence ratio of 0.95, larger output powers and higher values of methane
concentration lead the engine to knock operation. The presence of CO2 allows
operating engines at high compression ratios with normal combustion
conditions. Emissions of nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide and unburnt
methane all in g/kWh decreased when the biogas was enriched with 50%
methane.
Experimental and numerical investigation of coolant mixing in a model of reactor pressure vessel down-comer and in cold leg inlets
Authors: Hutli Ezddin , Gottlasz Valer , Farkas Istvanne , Ezsol Gyorgy , Baranyai Gabor
Published: September 2015

Thermal fatigue and pressurized thermal shock phenomena are the main problems for the reactor pressure vessel and the T-junctions both of them depend on the mixing of the coolant. The mixing process, flow and temperature distribution has been investigated experimentally using particle image velocimetry, laser induced fluorescence, and simulated by CFD tools. The obtained results showed that the ratio of flow rate between the main pipe and the branch pipe has a big influence on the mixing process. The particle image velocimetry/planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements technologies proved to be suitable for the investigation of turbulent mixing in the complicated flow system: both velocity and temperature distribution are important parameters in the determination of thermal fatigue and pressurized thermal shock. Results of the applied these techniques showed that both of them can be used as a good provider for data base and to validate CFD results.
Numerical investigation of turbulent flow and heat transfer over partially open cavities: Effect of opening ratio
Authors: Abo Elazm , Shehata Ali , Saqr Khalid
Published: September 2015

Partially open cavities are encountered in various engineering systems such as electronic cooling devices and cooling for gas turbine blades, instead of conventional film cooling slots. Flow is to be imparted over the partially open cavity where it induces a shear layer and a shear driven vortex within the cavity, which is subjected to cooling effect at its wall. Depending on the opening ratio, heat and mass transfer occur between the main flow and the trapped vortex through the shear layer. In the present study, RANS simulations of such flow have been conducted for circular and square cavities to investigate the effect of opening ratio on the heat and mass transfer characteristics. The simulations were established on a rigorous numerical approach and proper validation with laser Doppler velocimetry measurements of turbulent flow in circular cavity. Based on the hydraulic diameter of the cavity, opening ratios ranging from 0.2 to 1.0 were investigated for a Reynolds number of 3?105. Generally, the maximum Nusselt number was achieved at higher opening ratios for both circular and rectangle cavities. On the other hand, the maximum dimensionless temperature gradient, ?, inside the cavity was achieved at L/D = 0.2 for both cavity configurations.
Proficiency at Object Control Skills by Nine- to Ten-Year-Old Children in South Africa: The NW-Child Study
Authors: Pienaar A. E. , Visagie M. , Leonard A.
Published: September 2015

Adequate proficiency at object control skills, which is influenced by biological and environmental constraints, underlies the development of more complex sport-specific skills. This study describes proficiency at six object control skills and demographic correlates associated with each skill and each skill criteria in 9- to 10-year-old children who were randomly selected from 20 schools ( N = 826) and tested with the Test of Gross Motor Development–2. Cross-tabulation and hierarchical linear models were used to analyze the effects of sex (433 boys, 393 girls), ethnicity (619 Black, 207 White), and high ( n = 312) and low ( n = 514) socioeconomic school environments. Twenty-three percent of the sample showed below average proficiency. Significant sex and socioeconomic school environment differences were found favoring boys and children from higher socioeconomic environments, although kicking showed significant interaction effects. It is concluded that environmental opportunities are the primary cause of differences across skills and the rates at which the skills are learned.
Association of Lipid Profile with fasting and Post Prandial Glucose Level in type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Jayan Archana , Dubey Raju Kumar , Padmavati P , Jha Amit Chandra , Gautam Narayan
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: The cardiovascular disease (CVD) is associated with diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia plays important role in CVD. This paper explores the frequency and pattern of dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and that compared with healthy control. The correlation of glucose level with lipid profile including Non-HDL/HDL and TG/HDL has been projected in this study.MATERIAL AND METHODS: This case-control study includes 263 type 2 diabetes mellitus and compared with 55 healthy controls. The diagnosis of Diabetes mellitus was made according to the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria and the criteria for dyslipidemia was obtained by National Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel/American Treatment Protocol III (NCEP/ATP III).RESULTS: Most common dyslipidemia was found in increase TG (49.42%) followed by decreased HDL (48.66%), increased LDL (40.30%) and increased TC (33.84%) respectively. The proportion is much higher in male than female. The statistically significant differences between control and case for glucose and lipid profile were observed in FBS (p < 0.001), PPBS (p < 0.001), HDL (p < 0.01), Non-HDL/HDL (p < 0.002) and TG/HDL (p < 0.039). TG, TC and LDL were statistically non- significant between control and case. The Pearson's correlation coefficient shows significant correlation of FBS and PPBS with TG (p < 0.01), Non-HDL/HDL (p < 0.01) and TG/HDL (p < 0.01) respectively.CONCLUSION: Our study has suggested the dyslipidemia is associated with DM with increased TG, low HDL, high cholesterol and LDL. The increased Non-HDL/HDL and TG/HDL could be better indicator than single lipid abnormality which needs to be verified prospectively by including large population and controlsJournal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 2-5
Clinical Significance of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in Patients with Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Sigdel Ghanshyam , Belokar WK
Published: September 2015

INTRODUCTION: Intravesical prostatic protrusion is a morphological change due to excessive growth of the median and lateral lobes of the prostate into the bladder in benign prostatic hyperplasia. It causes a 'ball-valve' type of obstruction during voiding. It is a useful parameter to assess the severity of the disease process, selection of treatment modality and its possible outcome in benign prostatic hyperplasia.MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, non-randomized, observational study was carried out from January 2014 to June 2014 in the Department of Urology, College of Medical Sciences, Nepal. Total of 50 patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia were evaluated to assess the correlation of intravesical prostatic protrusion with international prostate symptom score, prostate volume, maximum flow rate and post void residual urine. Correlation between parameters of interest was quantified with Pearson correlation test.RESULTS: A positive correlation was demonstrated between intravesical prostatic protrusion, international prostate symptom score, prostate volume and post void residual urine. There was a negative correlation between intravesical prostatic protrusion and maximum flow rate.CONCLUSION: Intravesical prostatic protrusion is correlated with international prostate symptom score, prostate volume, maximum flow rate, and post void residual urine volume and hence can be used to assess the severity of benign prostatic hyperplasia.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 6-10
Micro Teaching Skills for Health Professionals
Authors: Chaudhary Nagendra , Mahato Shyam Kumar , Chaudhary Shatdal , Bhatia Bal Dev
Published: September 2015

Microteaching, a teacher training technique, provides teachers an opportunity to develop their teaching skills by self- practice and self-criticism. It is not at all a teaching method rather than it is a device for skill practice. All health professionals should have proper teaching skills for transfer of their knowledge which can be acquired by microteaching sessions. This article focusses on the need for microteaching, the process and its advantages.INTRODUCTION: The art of teaching not only means a simple transfer of knowledge from one to other, instead, it is a complex process which facilitates and influences the process of learning. Medical professionals always feel that their education does not prepare them for teaching. Quality of a teacher is evaluated on how much the students can understand from his/her teaching. The classrooms cannot be used as a learning platform for acquiring primary teaching skills. Training of medical teachers in specific teaching skills is a major challenge in medical education programs. However, society's increasingly high expectations on health professionals demand that they be taught and trained effectively.The traditional medical teaching emphasizes on the transmission of factual knowledge and hence, the teachers are the main source of information. But, the conventional methods of medical teacher training are not adequate. So, the teaching objectives have now shifted to the student centered, measurable, achievable, relevant, and timely concept.Journal of Universal College of Medical Sciences Vol. 3, No. 1, 2015: 60-64
Journal Data: A New Platform for Data Research
Authors: Arsanjani Jamal
Published: September 2015

There is no doubt that data is of paramount importance to scientific progress. With the enormous development of science and technology, a huge amount of data fragments is produced every day. [...]
CYP450 Enzyme-Mediated Metabolism of TCAS and Its Inhibitory and Induced Effects on Metabolized Enzymes in Vitro
Authors: Shen Guolin , Wang Cheng , Zhou Lili , Li Lei , Chen Huiming , Yu Wenlian , Li Haishan
Published: September 2015

In this study, we investigated the enzymes catalyzing the phaseⅠmetabolism of thiacalixarene (TCAS) based on in vitro system including cDNA-expressed P450 enzymes, human liver microsomes plus inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies. In addition, the inhibitory potential of TCAS on major CYP450 drug metabolizing enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2C9, CYP2B6, CYP2D6 and CYP3A4) was assessed. The results showed that CYP1A2 and CYP2C9 mediated TCAS hydroxylation. IC50 values for TCAS in rat and human liver microsomes were greater than 50 µM, and it demonstrated a weak inhibition of rat and human CYP450 enzymes. Finally, sandwiched hepatocytes were used to evaluate the induction of CYP1A and CYP3A to define the function of TCAS in vivo. The results showed that incubation of TCAS at different concentrations for 72 h failed to induce CYP1A and CYP3A. However, incubation of the cells with 50 and 100 µM TCAS caused a profound decrease in the activities of CYP1A and CYP3A, which was probably due to cytotoxic effects, suggesting that exposure to TCAS might be a health concern.
When Are Mobile Phones Useful for Water Quality Data Collection? An Analysis of Data Flows and ICT Applications among Regulated Monitoring Institutions in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Kumpel Emily , Peletz Rachel , Bonham Mateyo , Fay Annette , Cock-Esteb Alicea , Khush Ranjiv
Published: September 2015

Water quality monitoring is important for identifying public health risks and ensuring water safety. However, even when water sources are tested, many institutions struggle to access data for immediate action or long-term decision-making. We analyzed water testing structures among 26 regulated water suppliers and public health surveillance agencies across six African countries and identified four water quality data management typologies. Within each typology, we then analyzed the potential for information and communication technology (ICT) tools to facilitate water quality information flows. A consistent feature of all four typologies was that testing activities occurred in laboratories or offices, not at water sources; therefore, mobile phone-based data management may be most beneficial for institutions that collect data from multiple remote laboratories. We implemented a mobile phone application to facilitate water quality data collection within the national public health agency in Senegal, Service National de l’Hygiène. Our results indicate that using the phones to transmit more than just water quality data will likely improve the effectiveness and sustainability of this type of intervention. We conclude that an assessment of program structure, particularly its data flows, provides a sound starting point for understanding the extent to which ICTs might strengthen water quality monitoring efforts.
The Difference between Right and Wrong: Accuracy of Older and Younger Adults’ Story Recall
Authors: Davis Danielle , Alea Nicole , Bluck Susan
Published: September 2015

Sharing stories is an important social activity in everyday life. This study used fine-grained content analysis to investigate the accuracy of recall of two central story elements: the gist and detail of socially-relevant stories. Younger (M age = 28.06) and older (M age = 75.03) American men and women (N = 63) recalled fictional stories that were coded for (i) accuracy of overall gist and specific gist categories and (ii) accuracy of overall detail and specific detail categories. Findings showed no age group differences in accuracy of overall gist or detail, but differences emerged for specific categories. Older adults more accurately recalled the gist of when the event occurred whereas younger adults more accurately recalled the gist of why the event occurred. These differences were related to episodic memory ability and education. For accuracy in recalling details, there were some age differences, but gender differences were more robust. Overall, women remembered details of these social stories more accurately than men, particularly time and perceptual details. Women were also more likely to accurately remember the gist of when the event occurred. The discussion focuses on how accurate recall of socially-relevant stories is not clearly age-dependent but is related to person characteristics such as gender and episodic memory ability/education.
The Effects of Being an Only Child, Family Cohesion, and Family Conflict on Behavioral Problems among Adolescents with Physically Ill Parents
Authors: Sui Guo-Yuan , Wang Jia-Na , Liu Guang-Cong , Wang Lie
Published: September 2015

Background: This study aimed to examine the parental physical illness’ effect on behavioral problems among adolescents, and the effects of being an only child, family cohesion, and family conflict on behavioral problems among adolescents with physically ill parents in Liaoning province, China. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2009. A questionnaire including two dimensions of the Family Environment Scale (family cohesion and family conflict), self-reported Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), and demographic factors was distributed to the subjects. Results: Among the 5220 adolescents, 308 adolescents lived with physically ill parents. The adolescents with physically ill parents had more behavioral problems than adolescents with healthy parents. Among the girls who lived in families with physically ill parents, the SDQ score and the prevalence of SDQ syndromes were higher in the girls with siblings than the girls without siblings after adjusting for variables; the effect of family cohesion on SDQ was significant after adjusting for variables. Conclusion: Interventions targeting family cohesion may be effective to reduce behavioral problems of adolescents with physically ill parents.