bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Frank’s Criticism toward Nazism as Seen from the Lives of the Characters in The Diary of a Young Girl
Authors: Gemilang Adria Vitalya
Published: July 2020

This research is analyzing a diary by Anne Frank. It tells the readers about the lives of the Jews during the Nazi occupation. The diary describes the experiences of the Jews in order to survive during Nazism. It tells how the Jews are discriminated and suffered by Nazism. Anne Frank describes their everyday life vividly and in honest way which brings the readers to understand their experiences without experience it. The objective of this research is to identify Frank’s criticism toward Nazism as seen from the lives of the characters. In order to accomplish the objectives, the library research is used since many data and theories are collected from some books. In order to analyze the problem, the writer employs the sociocultural-historical approach. It is used to identify criticism toward Nazism. The result of the analysis shows that there is Frank’s criticism toward Nazism in the description of the lives of the characters under the Nazis occupation. Through her diary, Anne Frank criticizes the discrimination, the lack of education, the hunger, the chaos and the mass killing during the reign of Nazism in the Netherlands.
An Epidemiologic Study on Type 2 Diabetic Foot Disorders in Indonesia -A Perspective from an Uncontrolled Blood Glucose Level until Amputation-
Authors: Irawan Julcrithno , Mulawardi Mulawardi
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is continuously increasing worldwide and expected to reach more than 500 million people in 10 to 15 years later. In Indonesia, neglected case for diabetic foot and uncontrolled blood glucose level make the amputation rate is higher. The aim of this study is to describe the diabetic foot disease among Indonesian population, underlying disease, and the all of the treatments in our hospital.

Method: All conservative and operative procedures in diabetic foot during the period of January 2017 – December 2018 was collected in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital. All demographic data, disease classifications, laboratory results, and treatments were collected from medical records retrospectively.

Results: In total of 229 patients, were found 1.02:1 male-to-female ratio of patients, where most of patients were in the sixth decade as much as 41%. The most Wagner classification was in the Grade 4 (29.%), HbA1C >6.5mg/dL was found in 68.6% patients with higher WBC counts in 71.2%. Of 44.1% patients were treated conservatively, whilst 127 (55.9%) patients were treated operatively, which were debridement and amputation procedures. We found mortality rate of 3.9% as an outcome.

Conclusion: The incidence of diabetic foot is increasing. Uncontrolled blood glucose levels (HbA1C) become one of the causes. Proper handling on controlling blood glucose and podiatry treatment can decrease morbidity and mortality rates.

Keywords: diabetic foot, Wagner, amputation, Indonesia
Penentuan Pemberian Reward Bagi Karyawan Berprestasi di Lingkungan Universitas Indo Global Mandiri dengan Algoritma C45
Authors: Dhamayanti Dhamayanti
Published: July 2020

Abstract 

Determination of the top performers in the Environment University of Indo Global Mandiri is determined based on an assessment of performance. The performance assessment is carried out consisting of knowledge of the work, creativity, planning, implementation instructions, execution of the job descriptions, work quality, cooperation and attitudes toward other employees, initiative, reliability, presence, attitude work, perseverance, and honesty. C45 algorithm is an algorithm that is used to form the decision tree. With the decision tree is generated from the algorithm C45 can build a decision support system that has the ability to analyze the selection of outstanding employee, in which each of the criteria employees compared to one another so as to provide output intensity value priorities and produce a system that provides an assessment of each employee so that will get the most feasible given the employee reward or appreciation. 

Keywords : C45 Algorithms, Decision Trees, Outputs, Rewards

 

Abstrak 

Penentuan karyawan berprestasi di Lingkungan Universitas Indo Global Mandiri ditentukan berdasarkan penilaian kinerja. Penilaian kinerja yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengetahuan tentang pekerjaan, kreativitas, perencanaan, pelaksanaan instruksi, pelaksanaan deskripsi tugas, kualitas kerja, kerjasama dan sikap terhadap karyawan lain, inisiatif, kehandalan, kehadiran, sikap pekerjaan, keuletan, dan kejujuran. Algoritma C45 merupakan algoritma yang  digunakan untuk membentuk pohon keputusan. Dengan pohon keputusan yang dihasilkan dari Algoritma C45 dapat membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan yang mempunyai kemampuan menganalisa pemilihan karyawan berprestasi, dimana masing-masing kriteria karyawan dibandingkan satu dengan yang lainnya sehingga memberikan output nilai intensitas prioritas dan menghasilkan suatu sistem yang memberikan penilaian terhadap setiap karyawan sehingga akan mendapatkan  karyawan yang paling layak diberi reward atau penghargaan.

Kata kunci: Algoritma C45, Pohon Keputusan, Outputs, Rewards
Management of Submacula Bleeding with Pneumatic Displacement
Authors: Shaelva Lassa Sabatini  , Ansyori AK , Amin Ramzi
Published: July 2020

Introduction. Submacular hemorrhage is defined as the presence of blood in the potential space between retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) and neurosensory retinal in the macula. Pneumatic displacement is one of the management procedures that is shifting the bleeding under the macula by injecting gas. The purpose of writing this case report is to report Sub-macula Bleeding cases which are managed with Pneumatic Displacement.

Case Presentation. A 55-year-old woman, housewife, was living outside the city, came with complaints of a sudden blurred left eye since 2 weeks ago. At the ophthalmological examination, 612 pH (-) right eye vision and 1/300 left eye vision were obtained. On examination of the anterior segment in the right and left eye the lens is cloudy with grade I nuclear morphology. The image of the right eye fundoscopy is within normal limits, whereas in the left eye a macula is found: reflex fovea (-) blood (+). The choice of therapy in this patient is carried out by Pneumatic Displacement by injecting C3F8 gas, which aims to shift the bleeding under the macula by injecting gas.

Conclusion. Pneumatic Displacement is a simple procedure, not too invasive, and the risk of intraocular complications is smaller. Pneumatic Displacement aims to shift blood from under the macula to other parts of the retina that are less vital for vision.
Correlation Between Ocular Rigidity With Intraocular Pressure In Patient With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Roland Iqbal  , Prima Maya Sari  , Ramzi Amin  , Fidalia
Published: July 2020

ABSTRACT

Introduction and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is known to have a biomechanical effect on tissue. High blood glucose concentrations that lead to increased production of free radical intermediates causes ocular rigidity (OR) changes. This change can effect intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with type 2 DM. This study to determine correlation between ocular rigidity with IOP in patients with type 2 DM.

Methods: A cross-sectional study with a correlation test design of OR with IOP in type 2 DM patients was conducted in RSUP dr. Mohammad Hoesin Palembang from January until June 2018. Eighty eye samples consist of 60 type 2 DM and 20 control group. IOP examination was performed using a Goldmann applanation tonometer and OR measurements using schiotz tonometer with two loads then assessed in Friedenwald differential tables.

Result: There was a significant correlation between diabetic retinopathy and OR (p=0,000). There was a significant correlation between OR and IOP in NPDR and PDR group (p=0,000). There was a significant relationship between patient age with OR and IOP (p<0,05).

Conclusion: There is a significant correlation between ocular rigidity and IOP in people with type 2 DM.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE ANTHROPOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS, PHYSICAL PREPAREDNESS AND TECHNICAL SKILLS OF 14-YEAR-OLD BASKETBALL PLAYERS – BOYS AND GIRLS
Authors: Borukova Mariana
Published: July 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe some anthropometric characteristics, to trace the physical preparedness level and the technical skills of children (girls and boys) up to 14 years old participating in competitive basketball, to make comparative analysis of the average values of both totalities, and to find the relation and dependence between the anthropometric characteristics, physical preparedness and basketball skills of both sexes. Methods: One hundred twenty-nine children were subjected to study, out of which sixty-three basketball players (boys) at the age of 13 ± 0,7 and 66 basketball players (girls) at the age of 13 ± 0,5. Sport-pedagogical test was applied to the participants, and a probated and standardized test battery including twenty indicators was used. The basketball players participated in the test voluntarily, they received no money or financial compensation for their contribution and their anonymity was guaranteed. Data analysis: Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS-23 and variation, correlation and comparative analysis were made, t-criterion of Student and U-criterion of Mann-Whitney were used. Results: As we had supposed and as it was proven by the results for that group, the gender differences had a more substantial impact on some physical development indications and greater part of the physical preparedness indications. In favor of the boys these differences were more strongly expressed in their height, degree of body mass and horizontal stretch, while in favor of the girls the differences were in the functional capacity of the chest. Boys were fully favored as far as rapidity, speed abilities, explosive strength of the lower limbs were concerned. Conclusion: We have to note that the accumulated training experience and the biological ripening impact positively on the performance of young male and female basketball players. The results of this study showed that there were statistically significant differences between boys and girls in terms of technical skills (TS) only along two indicators.
INFLUENCE OF A LUCUMA-BASED CARBOHYDRATE BEVERAGE ON ATHLETES
Authors: Krasteva Rumyana , Durakova Albena , Bogoeva Adelina , Choroleeva Kornelia
Published: July 2020

This study focuses on a carbohydrate-containing beverage with water, 1.5% skim milk powder and lucuma fruit powder (Pouteria Lucuma). The aim is to analyze the influence of the beverage on the sports performance of young men with different levels of motor activity. The analysis of the results was based on the changes in some biometric parameters and the level of motor activity of 8 young men (experimental group; EG) consuming the beverage half an hour before fitness exercises – bodybuilding workouts – within a three-month period of time. The results obtained from the tests were compared to the results shown by the 13 men in the control group (CG) for the same period of time without consuming the beverage. On the basis of the profiles of the respondents from both groups (EG and CG), we analyzed the changes in body composition and motor activity at the beginning and at the end of the three-month period. The results obtained from the comparative analysis revealed that both groups manifested positive changes concerning the level of motor activity as a result of the training program. These positive changes turned out to be more significant in the EG with respect to maximum oxygen intake and plank endurance. We also analyzed the modifications in the correlational dependencies as regards EG parameters, as a result of which we established more significant dependencies at the end of the test period. The results of the present study show that the consumption of the lucuma-based carbohydrate beverage by the experimental group has a positive effect on the analyzed parameters.
Geochemistry of the chromitite stringer at the contact of the mafic sequence and the ultramafic sequence in the Unki Mine area, Shurugwi Subchamber of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe
Authors: Chaumba Jeff B. , Musa Caston T.
Published: July 2020

Several models have been proposed to explain the origin of a chromitite stringer located at the contact between the Mafic and Ultramafic Sequences in the Unki Mine area of the Shurugwi Subchamber of the Great Dyke, Zimbabwe. A petrographic and geochemical study of this chromitite stringer was undertaken with the aim of constraining its origin. Forty-three chromite compositions were obtained from the studied chromitite stringer, which is characterized by a chromium number between 59.9 and 62.8 and a magnesium number which ranges from 37.8 to 46.4. The chromites at the contact zone in the Unki Mine commonly contains inclusions of sulfides, orthopyroxene, plagioclase, and/or amphiboles. The chromites likely formed early in the crystallization history of the Mafic Sequence, as they are commonly partially rimmed by sulfides and they occur as inclusions in plagioclase crystals. Unlike chromites from underlying Ultramafic Sequence chromitite layers, chromites at the contact zone contain low Cr2O3 contents which range from 39.4 to 42.6 wt.%. Furthermore, these chromites are enriched in Fe compared to most Great Dyke chromitites, which is interpreted to be a consequence of subsolidus exchange of Mg into orthopyroxene and Fe into the chromite. The absence of zoning in the chromites at this contact zone, and their low Mn, Fe contents, is consistent with attainment of equilibrium because the altered chromites often contain Cr-bearing magnetite rims. Two possible models for the formation of this chromitite stringer are mixing of relatively primitive and evolved magmas (i.e., ultramafic and anorthositic magma), possibly of different oxygen fugacities, and chemical diffusion across the contact between the Mafic and the Ultramafic sequences which resulted in melting at and below this boundary. The latter would have caused preferential loss of orthopyroxene from the underlying P1 Pyroxenite Layer, accompanied by re-precipitation of chromite at this contact.
COMPARISON OF THE SUCCESS OF EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK WAVE LITHOTRIPSY (ESWL) WITH AND WITHOUT DJ STENTING IN PROXIMAL URETERIC STONE
Authors: Dr. Mudassar Saeed Pansota
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: There is disagreement in the use of ureteral double-J stent before the extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), although most of the urologists suggest using stent in shock wave lithotripsy technique for stones bigger than 20mm, for preventing the risk of developing steinstrasse. To compare the success of ESWL with and without DJ stenting in proximal ureteric stone. METHODOLOGY: A total of 60 patients form both genders, between 15 to 55 years of age, with a single proximal ureteric stone, were included. Patients with solitary functioning kidney, multiple stones, pregnancy, pyonephrosis and sepsis were excluded. In Group-A, ESWL without DJ stenting was completed while in Group-B, ESWL with DJ stent placement was done. In all patients, at least 4 sessions were done fortnightly. Patients were followed regularly and ﬁnal success was noted after one month of completion of ESWL sessions.

RESULTS: The mean age was 36.85 ± 8.61 years. From 60 patients, 29 (48.33%) were men and 231 (51.67%) were women.Mean body mass index (BMI) was 28.30±2.20 kg/m . The average size of the stone was 12.47 ± 2.57 mm. Success (according to stone removal) of Group-A (ESWL without DJS) was seen in 26 (86.67%) patients while in Group-B (ESWL with DJS) was seen in 16 (53.33%) patients with P-value of 0.005.

CONCLUSION: This study concluded that success (in terms of stone clearance) of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) without DJ stenting is higher compared to with DJ stenting in upper ureteric stone.
ESTIMATES OF THE SEVERITY OF COVID-19: A COMPARISON OF PAKISTAN WITH OTHER DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
Authors: Mehmood Yasir
Published: July 2020

The number of confirmed cases of COVID-affected patients are 1,123,000 and counting while more than 59,000 corroborated mortalities have occurred around the globe, as depicted by the data gathered through Johns Hopkins University. More than 228,000 people have reportedly recovered from COVID-19 till April 4 2020. Italy has the second highest deaths of COVID-19 in the world. There is dire need to evaluate the pattern of COVID-19 in Pakistan and compared with other developed countries. World Health Organization has developed website to provide latest data in form of new reported cases, mortality and recoveries.  In Pakistan, mortality rate was found less than other developed countries and this hypothesis may be wrong that Pakistan neither will nor effected with virus due to climate conditions.

The presented study had two objectives. The first was to describe the latest situation if COVID-19 in Pakistan and other developed countries. Second objective was to determine the latest situation about mortility rate in Pakistan and other developed countries. Comparative data was sketched and presented in the form of graph for 5 countries including Pakistan. All the data was obtained form WHO websites and from Pakistan government officials websites. Data was collected from Jan-2020 to 4 April-2020.
Morphological and Spectral Study of 4FGL J1115.1–6118 in the Region of the Young Massive Stellar Cluster NGC 3603
Authors: Saha L. , Domínguez A. , Tibaldo L. , Marchesi S. , Ajello M. , Lemoine-Goumard M. , López M.
Published: July 2020

We report a detailed study of an unidentified gamma-ray source located in the region of the compact stellar cluster NGC 3603. This is a star-forming region (SFR) powered by a massive cluster of OB stars. A dedicated analysis of about 10 yr of data from 10 GeV to 1 TeV, provided by the Large Area Telescope on board the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, yields the detection of a pointlike source at a significance of 9σ. The source photon spectrum can be described by a power-law model with a best-fit spectral index of 2.35 ± 0.03. In addition, the analysis of a deep Chandra image in the 0.5–7 keV band reliably rules out an extragalactic origin for the gamma-rays. We also conclude that the broadband spectral energy distribution of the point source can be explained well with both leptonic and hadronic models. No firm evidence of association with any other classes of known gamma-ray emitters is found; therefore, we speculate that 4FGL J1115.1−6118 is a gamma-ray-emitting SFR.
Common Envelope Wind Tunnel: The Effects of Binary Mass Ratio and Implications for the Accretion-driven Growth of LIGO Binary Black Holes
Authors: De Soumi , MacLeod Morgan , Everson Rosa Wallace , Antoni Andrea , Mandel Ilya , Ramirez-Ruiz Enrico
Published: July 2020

We present three-dimensional local hydrodynamic simulations of flows around objects embedded within stellar envelopes using a “wind tunnel” formalism. Our simulations model the common envelope dynamical inspiral phase in binary star systems in terms of dimensionless flow characteristics. We present suites of simulations that study the effects of varying the binary mass ratio, stellar structure, equation of state, relative Mach number of the object’s motion through the gas, and density gradients across the gravitational focusing scale. For each model, we measure coefficients of accretion and drag experienced by the embedded object. These coefficients regulate the coupled evolution of the object’s masses and orbital tightening during the dynamical inspiral phase of the common envelope. We extrapolate our simulation results to accreting black holes with masses comparable to that of the population of LIGO black holes. We demonstrate that the mass and spin accrued by these black holes per unit orbital tightening are directly related to the ratio of accretion to drag coefficients. We thus infer that the mass and dimensionless spin of initially nonrotating black holes change by of order 1% and 0.05, respectively, in a typical example scenario. Our prediction that the masses and spins of black holes remain largely unmodified by a common envelope phase aids in the interpretation of the properties of the growing observed population of merging binary black holes. Even if these black holes passed through a common envelope phase during their assembly, features of mass and spin imparted by previous evolutionary epochs should be preserved.
The High Molecular Gas Content, and the Efficient Conversion of Neutral into Molecular Gas, in Jellyfish Galaxies
Authors: Moretti Alessia , Paladino Rosita , Poggianti Bianca M. , Serra Paolo , Ramatsoku Mpati , Franchetto Andrea , Deb Tirna , Gullieuszik Marco , Tomičić Neven , Mingozzi Matilde , Vulcani Benedetta , Radovich Mario , Bettoni Daniela , Fritz Jacopo
Published: July 2020

In the disks of four jellyfish galaxies from the GASP sample at redshift ∼0.05 we detect molecular gas masses systematically higher than in field galaxies. These galaxies are being stripped of their gas by ram pressure from the intracluster medium and are, in general, forming stars at a high rate with respect to nonstripped galaxies of similar stellar masses. We find that, unless giant molecular clouds in the disk are unbound by ram pressure leading to exceptionally high CO–to–H2 conversion factors, these galaxies have a molecular gas content 4–5 times higher than normal galaxies of similar masses, and molecular gas depletion times ranging from ∼1 to 9 Gyr, corresponding to generally very low star formation efficiencies. The molecular gas mass within the disk is a factor between 4 and ∼100 times higher than the neutral gas mass, as opposed to the disks of normal spirals that contain similar amounts of molecular and neutral gas. Intriguingly, the molecular plus neutral total amount of gas is similar to that in normal spiral galaxies of similar stellar mass. These results strongly suggest that ram pressure in disks of galaxies during the jellyfish phase leads to a very efficient conversion of H i into H2.
Assessment of Acceptance and User Experience of Human-Computer Interaction with a Computer Interface
Authors: Al Said Nidal , Al-Said Khaleel M.
Published: July 2020

The study aims to determine the impact of human-computer interface design on the development of mobile phones. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The result shows the importance of smartphone such as communication with others, define the most important standards of application design such as efficiency and speed and determine the disadvantages of smartphones such as sleep problems and fatigue. In addition to, the study defines the HCI as science examines the design and use of computer technology, focusing on interfaces between people (users) and computers and determine the popular challenges which face HCI such as HCI designers face important challenges in how to ensure their design provides good HCI. The study recommended the need for further studies that support mobile phone and to deal with new platforms for iOS and Android, making usability tests for programs, applications and websites and qualify and train users with cognitive deficits in an appropriate manner to enable them to make better use of programs and applications.
Le port de Brest et la Marine de guerre française au cœur de la pandémie de grippe infectieuse de 1918
Authors: Fichou Jean-Christophe
Published: July 2020

La pandémie grippale de 1918-1919 fit entre 40 à 50 millions de morts dans le monde selon l’Institut Pasteur, 100 millions selon des réévaluations récentes de l’OMS, et sans doute plus selon les dernières recherches. Elle reste l’un des plus grands fléaux que l’humanité eut à affronter. L’histoire oublia vite ce triste événement, jusqu’à ce que les historiens anglo-saxons reprennent les études sur le sujet en 1976. Depuis, les articles se sont multipliés pour connaître les détails de cette pandémie. Pourtant il reste encore de nombreux points obscurs et le présent article tente d’en éclairer quelques-uns. Le hasard nous a fait retrouver, à l’hôpital maritime de Brest, les premiers signes de l’épidémie, observés trois semaines avant la date retenue par la grande majorité des chercheurs et nous avons constaté que les décès concernaient essentiellement de très jeunes engagés, de 17 et 18 ans. Autant de faits nouveaux qui viennent contredire ou compléter l’historiographie officielle et placer à l’origine de la pandémie le port de Brest plutôt que les États-Unis.
Entreprises privées et psychiatrie dans la France des années 1930
Authors: Guillemot Joris
Published: July 2020

Cet article a pour objectif d’étudier les nouvelles modalités de prise en charge des malades mentaux dans la France des années 1930, avec en toile de fond la question des rapports entre les pouvoirs publics et les entrepreneurs privés dans le domaine de la médecine de façon générale et de la psychiatrie en particulier. Nous avons choisi ici d’étudier le cas d’un asile, celui de Plouguernével (Côtes-du-Nord) qui ouvre en 1934 grâce à un industriel de la Troisième République : Justin Perchot. La création de cet établissement vise tout d’abord à réduire l’encombrement des asiles, notamment dans la Seine. Elle se veut également une réponse à la crise économique du moment, les pouvoirs publics ne disposant pas, ou plus, des fonds nécessaires à l’entretien des malades. Ces derniers se montrent néanmoins extrêmement critiques à l’encontre de l’entreprise chargée de gérer l’établissement. La mortalité, mais aussi la création du cimetière, sont des questions autour desquelles les tensions gravitent. Il y a une forme de paradoxe à voir les pouvoirs publics se montrer véhéments contre une entreprise dont ils ont pourtant besoin. La question qui se pose est donc de savoir si la psychiatrie française dans les années 1930 peut constituer un révélateur d’enjeux de pouvoirs.
Experimental Study on Composite Phase Change Thermal Insulation Mortar
Authors: Zhou Ying , Wang Shuang Xi
Published: July 2020

The insulation wall provides suitable heat for winter production of solar greenhouse. A thermal insulation mortar containing paraffin/expanded perlite composite phase change material based on desulfurized gypsum was studied as an inner insulation mortar to improve heat preservation and storage/exothermic capacities in solar greenhouse walls. Results showed that the ideal mass ratio of paraffin and expanded perlite was 60:40. The phase change temperature of the paraffin/expanded perlite composite particles was 25.3 °C, and the latent heat was 122.3 kJ/kg. The ideal mass ratio of this composite phase change material and desulfurized gypsum was 1:3. The ideal mixing amounts of dispersible polymer powder, redispersible latex powder, citric acid, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether, and polypropylene fiber were 2%, 0.15%, 0.5%, and 0.5% of desulfurized gypsum content, respectively. The prepared composite phase change thermal insulation mortar had a dry density of 363 kg/m3, a compressive strength of 0.73 MPa, a softening coefficient of 0.65, a coefficient of thermal conductivity of 0.076 W/m·K-1, a heat capacity of 1.35×103 J/kg·°C-1, a heat storage coefficient of 11.65 W/m2·K-1, a phase change temperature of 25.6 °C, and a phase change latent heat of 89.8 kJ/kg. The phase change temperature and the phase change latent heat were suitable for solar greenhouse production.
Study on Rheological Properties of Silica Sol in Sisal Fibber Reinforced Investment Casting
Authors: Ying Zhang , Satyajit Chowdhury
Published: July 2020

In casting temperature Laquan silica sol crust process suitable for the production of surface roughness is small, precision high accuracy in size, and has become the mainstream technology has been widely used. Silicon sol casting with high dimensional accuracy, good surface quality and other advantages, is a widely used less advanced technology without cutting, using silica sol casting method can save a lot of machine equipment and processing time, but also greatly saves metal materials. Hard fiber sisal has high tensile strength, resistance to seawater immersion, friction resistance, flexibility and other characteristics, can be used for fishing, sailing, mining, transportation rope, canvas, waterproof cloth and other raw materials. The most commonly used binder in investment casting is silica gel solution (abbreviated as silica sol), such as ethyl silicate hydrolysate, water glass and silica sol.
Production of IL-18 Binding Protein by Radiosensitive and Radioresistant Cells in CpG-Induced Macrophage Activation Syndrome
Authors: Harel Mathilde , Girard-Guyonvarc’h Charlotte , Rodriguez Emiliana , Palmer Gaby , Gabay Cem
Published: July 2020

IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP) acts as a naturally occurring IL-18 decoy receptor. If the balance between IL-18 and IL-18BP is dysregulated, abnormal levels of free bioactive IL-18 are detected, such as in the sera of Il-18bp knockout (KO) mice with CpG-induced macrophage activation syndrome. To determine the cellular sources of Il-18bp in vivo, we selectively depleted Il-18bp expression in either radiosensitive or radioresistant cells using bone marrow transfer between wild-type (WT) and Il-18bp KO mice. Following repeated CpG injections, Il-18bp KO (donor)→ Il-18bp KO (recipient) chimeric mice exhibited more severe disease, with an enhanced Ifn-γ signature and circulating free Il-18 levels, in comparison with WT→WT chimeras. Interestingly, the phenotype of KO→WT and WT→KO mice did not differ from that of WT→WT mice. Consistent with this finding, serum Il-18bp levels were similar in these three groups of mice. The contribution of radioresistant and radiosensitive cells to Il-18bp production varied markedly according to the organ examined, with a major contribution of radiosensitive cells in the spleen as opposed to a major contribution of radioresistant cells in the lung. Finally, Ifn-γ blockade abrogated the CpG-induced but not the constitutive Il-18bp production. Our results demonstrate that circulating Il-18bp is induced in response to Ifn-γ during CpG-induced macrophage activation syndrome and is present at high levels in the circulation to prevent the deleterious systemic effects of Il-18.
A Case for Targeting Th17 Cells and IL-17A in SARS-CoV-2 Infections
Authors: Orlov Marika , Wander Pandora L. , Morrell Eric D. , Mikacenic Carmen , Wurfel Mark M.
Published: July 2020

SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, has infected millions and has caused hundreds of thousands of fatalities. Risk factors for critical illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection include male gender, obesity, diabetes, and age >65. The mechanisms underlying the susceptibility to critical illness are poorly understood. Of interest, these comorbidities have previously been associated with increased signaling of Th17 cells. Th17 cells secrete IL-17A and are important for clearing extracellular pathogens, but inappropriate signaling has been linked to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Currently there are few treatment options for SARS-CoV-2 infections. This review describes evidence linking risk factors for critical illness in COVID-19 with increased Th17 cell activation and IL-17 signaling that may lead to increased likelihood for lung injury and respiratory failure. These findings provide a basis for testing the potential use of therapies directed at modulation of Th17 cells and IL-17A signaling in the treatment of COVID-19.
Clinical features of hemichoreahemiballism: A stroke-related movement disorder
Authors: Shiraiwa Nobuko , Hoshino Sachiko , Saito Go , Tamaoka Akira , Ohkoshi Norio
Published: July 2020

We examined pathogenesis and clinical features of three hemichorea-hemiballism (HCHB) cases. We studied their age, magnetic resonance imaging results, vascular risk factors, management, and outcomes. One man and two women (aged 74-86 years) demonstrated acute onset of HCHB, lasting for at least several months. Patients had one or more vascular risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes. All patients presented subacute or old infarction in the basal ganglia with contralateral symptoms. We administered clonazepam (0.5-1 mg/day), haloperidol (0.375-0.75 mg/day), or both as necessary and observed symptom-control. Vascular lesions in the basal ganglia were a contributing factor. Symptoms were controlled using pharmacotherapy with gamma-aminobutyric acid-agonist (clonazepam) or anti-dopaminergic (haloperidol) medication.
Effect of thinning on biophysical soil properties of Cupressus lusitanica stand in Munessa forest, Ethiopia
Authors: Yohannes Yonas
Published: July 2020

Forest management practices such as thinning can dramatically change the microenvironment and thereby affect the physicochemical and soil microbiological properties. The aim of this research was to determine the effect of thinning on soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass under Cupressus lusitanica plantation at Munessa forest. The experiment was carried out in a fenced stand treated differently (thinned and unthinned plots) with a completely randomized design. In each plot, 20 sampling spots were randomly selected for soil sample collection from 0 to 10 cm and 10 to 25 cm depth. Independent t-test was used to compare effects of thinning on biophysical properties of the soil. Results showed that soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen varied significantly between treatments. SOC concentration was generally lower at the soil depth of 0-10 to 10-25 cm. The concentrations of microbial biomarker used as a proxy for microbial biomass assessment were 22% larger in thinned stands. Soils under the thinned stand contained larger concentration of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi biomarker. The two forest stands were established at the same time with the same stocking and hence differences in soil quality could be possibly resulted from management intervention. These findings showed that Cupressus thinning could enhance biomass accumulation and organic C input to the soil.
UMA AMIZADE E DOIS MODOS DE ATUAR COMO AMBIENTALISTA
Authors: Pereira Elenita Malta , Minuzzi João Davi Oliveira
Published: July 2020

Neste artigo, nosso objetivo é analisar a correspondência trocada entre os ambientalistas José Lutzenberger (AGAPAN) e José Luiz Belart (FBCN). O exame dessa correspondência permite vislumbrar pontos de contato e de divergência entre as ideias e táticas dos missivistas. Permite também acessar seus anseios, temores e opiniões pessoais sobre as causas por que lutavam e, ao mesmo tempo, uma parte da história do ambientalismo brasileiro nos anos 1970, durante um contexto repressivo da ditadura militar brasileira. As cartas são fontes preciosas para as biografias, e podem ser também muito úteis para a pesquisa em história ambiental.
Capacidades de innovación empresarial en el sector infraestructura vial del departamento de Córdoba.
Authors: Berastegui Garcia Norena , Severiche Aguas Elver José , Paternina Tapia Diana Marcela , Salazar Martínez Fabio Alberto
Published: July 2020

Este artículo tiene como propósito: analizar las capacidades de innovación de las empresas del sector infraestructura, se abordó a través de un diseño transaccional de campo, no experimental, la población estuvo constituida por 7 empresas dedicadas a la infraestructura vial ubicadas en el departamento de Córdoba, a quienes se les aplicó un cuestionario y con criterios de confiabilidad, se concluye que existen importantes brechas entre la articulación de las entidades del estado colombiano, la universidad y la empresa.
Hubungan Aktivitas Mengikuti Layanan Konseling Kelompok dengan Kepercayaan Diri Mahasiswa PIAUD STAI Auliurrasyidin Tembilahan
Authors: Sari Suci Lia , Devianti Rika
Published: July 2020

The purpose of the research is to identify (1) the level of the STAI Auliaurrasyidin students’ activeness on group counselling, (2) the level of the STAI Auliaurrasyidin students’ confidence, and (3) whether there is a significant impact on the students’ activeness on group counselling to the STAI Auliaurrasyidin students’ confidence. This research took PIAUD students as subject, and those of who joined the counselling (29 students) were taken as object of the research. A Likert scale questionnaire was used to bring data together. Product moment was used to analyze correlation among data. Accordingly, they shown that (1) students’ activeness was at medium category (82.85%), (2) students’ confidence was at medium category (62.85%), and (3) correlation coefficient was at 0.671. This thus presented that there was a significant correlation between group counselling and STAI Auliaurrasyidin students’ confidence.
Klarifikasi Makna Nilai Personal dalam Pembentukan Moral Pendidikan
Authors: Munawaroh Faridatul , Kurniawan Nova Adi
Published: July 2020

This article clarifies the meaning of personal values on creating moral education. Meaning clarification of values is a special identity to mind, feeling, and attitudes. Values clarification is in coherence with normal physical development. Education and assessment should touch the stages of the development. The stages of mind development consist of theological, metaphysical, positive, and existence. Existence consist of eclectic, etic, and religious. Meanwhile, fostering moral should develop moral knowing, moral feeling, and moral action.
Kurikulum Pendidikan Agama Kristen di Indonesia
Authors: Lumban Tobing Nancy
Published: July 2020

This paper explain that the curriculum of Christian education at Indonesia should stress Christianity learning and learning about Christianity. Christian education courses have an aim to distribute faith and belief with Christian attributes or characteristics that can be learned and teached, either inside or outside the classroom. The problem is the courses have a difference contexts or can be say that each student have its own context. Meanwhile, Christian education focus on achieve the first aim that is to enable every person to reach growth as fullness of Christ. For it, the process of development of Christian education curriculum needs to design and suit to Christianity value. I’ll applied literature methods to analize every design of Christian education curriculum which has been appointed by goverment. According to title of this paper, I’ll make critical observation and evaluation by analize the important thing in organizing and developing the Christian education curriculum, as one of subject that has been appointed by the government.
Empresas e Direitos Humanos: compartilhando valor e responsabilidades
Authors: Fachin Melina Girardi
Published: July 2020

O objetivo do presente artigo é fixar as premissas teóricas e os fundamentos que sustentam a responsabilidade das empresas pelos direitos humanos, forte na ideia de valor compartilhado elaborada por Porter e Kramer. Ao mesmo tempo que se busca a aferição de vantagem econômica às empresas criam-se benefícios para suprir necessidades sociais. A empreitada foi levada a cabo a partir de levantamento teórico, baseado em doutrina e documentos normativos internos e internacionais, dialogando com exemplos e business cases. A presente reflexão partiu a partir de três singelas, porém importantes perguntas sobre a temática: quais direitos? quais empresas? e por que desta vinculação? As respostas apontaram para a integralidade dos direitos e universalidade dos atores do mundo empresário, todavia não em sentido homogêneo, mas ressaltando as singularidades das totalidades. Do ponto do fundamento – o porquê – de trazer responsabilidades compartilhadas entre Estados e empresas em matéria de direitos humanos aportou-se numa tríade que perpassa pela justificativa ética, normativa e econômica, calcada sobretudo na ideia do valor compartilhado. Ao final, à guisa de conclusão, três desafios são colocados para melhor compreensão da temática, a saber: superação da ideia do Estado como único responsável; superação do antagonismo entre o mundo empresarial e a sociedade; e superação da ideia do individualismo responsivo pela responsabilidade coletiva. Ainda que o tema não seja original, a abordagem a partir das perguntas e premissas essenciais, elencando tais desafios, vinculando-se à ideia de valor compartilhado, oferecem contribuição nova sobre o tema.
O Direito Comparado: resgate historiográfico, conceitos e problemas metodológicos
Authors: Godoy Arnaldo , Ribeiro Gustavo
Published: July 2020

O ensaio apresenta uma tentativa de síntese das várias contribuições teóricas e referenciais do direito comparado. A partir de um questionamento relativo à natureza desse campo de estudo, se é disciplina ou se é metodologia, o ensaio apresenta seus pais fundadores, alguns autores do século XX, bem como suas discussões mais recorrentes, a exemplo do problema das traduções dos conceitos jurídicos, das grandes famílias jurídicas, de transposições de modelos e, principalmente, do problema das fontes. O ensaio sustenta que é irrelevante a querela em torno do direito comparado ser disciplina ou metodologia, especialmente porque o campo enfrenta problemas práticos e operacionais, que são mais relevantes.
Marine productivity and synoptic meteorology drive summer-time variability in Southern Ocean aerosols
Authors: Alroe Joel , Cravigan Luke T. , Miljevic Branka , Johnson Graham R. , Selleck Paul , Humphries Ruhi S. , Keywood Melita D. , Chambers Scott D. , Williams Alastair G. , Ristovski Zoran D.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. Cloud–radiation interactions over the Southern Ocean are not well
constrained in climate models, in part due to uncertainties in the sources,
concentrations, and cloud-forming potential of aerosol in this region. To date, most studies in this region have reported measurements from fixed
terrestrial stations or a limited set of instrumentation and often present findings as broad seasonal or latitudinal trends. Here, we present an
extensive set of aerosol and meteorological observations obtained during an
austral summer cruise across the full width of the Southern Ocean south of
Australia. Three episodes of continental-influenced air masses were
identified, including an apparent transition between the Ferrel atmospheric
cell and the polar cell at approximately 64∘ S, and accompanied
by the highest median cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations, at
252 cm−3. During the other two episodes, synoptic-scale weather
patterns diverted air masses across distances greater than 1000 km from the
Australian and Antarctic coastlines, respectively, indicating that a large
proportion of the Southern Ocean may be periodically influenced by
continental air masses. In all three cases, a highly cloud-active
accumulation mode dominated the size distribution, with up to 93 % of the
total number concentration activating as CCN. Frequent cyclonic weather
conditions were observed at high latitudes and the associated strong wind
speeds led to predictions of high concentrations of sea spray aerosol.
However, these modelled concentrations were not achieved due to increased
aerosol scavenging rates from precipitation and convective transport into
the free troposphere, which decoupled the air mass from the sea spray flux
at the ocean surface. CCN concentrations were more strongly impacted by high
concentrations of large-diameter Aitken mode aerosol in air masses which
passed over regions of elevated marine biological productivity, potentially
contributing up to 56 % of the cloud condensation nuclei concentration.
Weather systems were vital for aerosol growth in biologically influenced air
masses and in their absence ultrafine aerosol diameters were less than
30 nm. These results demonstrate that air mass meteorological history must
be considered when modelling sea spray concentrations and highlight the
potential importance of sub-grid-scale variability when modelling atmospheric conditions in the remote Southern Ocean.
Incidencia del vocabulario en la comprensión lectora de estudiantes chilenos con discapacidad intelectual
Authors: Gallego Ortega José Luis , Figueroa Sepúlveda Susana
Published: July 2020

La lectura ha concitado tradicionalmente el interés de profesionales e investigadores. Sin embargo, son testimoniales los estudios que han explorado las habilidades de comprensión lectora en sujetos de habla hispana con discapacidad intelectual (DI), cuya etiología es desconocida o diversa, e inexistentes las investigaciones que analizan la influencia del dominio del vocabulario en el desempeño lector de estos escolares. En este sentido, se presenta un novedoso estudio cuyo principal objetivo fue analizar la correlación entre el vocabulario y la comprensión lectora, a partir de un diseño de investigación fundamentado en un método cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y correlacional. Participaron 22 escolares chilenos con DI escolarizados en tres escuelas urbanas de distinta titularidad. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto que sólo en el grupo de niños existían correlaciones significativas entre ambas variables. Se discuten estos resultados y su importancia para el diseño de estrategias que permita a este colectivo un mejor desempeño lector.
Rol de los agentes físicos en la rehabilitación vocal: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Fuentes Aracena Christopher
Published: July 2020

Los agentes físicos son elementos naturales o artificiales que se aplican para el tratamiento de determinados síntomas o patologías. En la rehabilitación vocal su estudio es un área emergente, donde las revisiones sistemáticas y los meta-análisis son escasos. Esto, muchas veces, dificulta la toma de decisiones y la correcta elección por parte del clínico.  El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el rol de los agentes físicos en la rehabilitación vocal. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura a través de la búsqueda de artículos en las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCOHost y Scielo. Se establecieron criterios de elegibilidad según tipo, año y características de los estudios. Se evaluaron 603 artículos, de los cuales, luego del análisis de su título, abstract y del cumplimiento de los criterios de elegibilidad, se seleccionaron 16. Se entregan resultados en base a la cantidad de participantes, nivel de evidencia, tipo y configuración del agente físico, procedimientos e instrumentos de evaluación y beneficios obtenidos. Los agentes físicos de mayor utilización en la clínica vocal son la electroterapia (TENS y NMES) y la laserterapia. En general, estos actúan como coadyuvantes en la terapia vocal. La TENS reduce el dolor, la tensión laríngea y la percepción de voz apretada durante la fonación. La NMES beneficia la activación neuromuscular de las cuerdas vocales y el uso de láser permite la recuperación de los tejidos laríngeos posterior a tareas de sobrecarga.