bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-economic and Cultural Practices of Land Tenure Systems on the Slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, Tanzania from 1920–1950s
Authors: Chuhila Maxmillian
Published: December 2022

Land is an important asset by both rural and urban residents. It provides opportunities for various development options in almost all spheres of life. In this case, land tenure foregrounds how particular pieces of land are utilised and developed different from others. This paper traces and discusses the social, cultural and economic constructions of two major land tenure systems; kihamba and shamba, that exist on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro. The paper shows that the tenure system on the slopes of the mountain influences the socio-cultural and economic affiliations of the Chagga and determines agricultural land uses. Agricultural and other economic activities on the kihamba and shamba reflect both tenure types and the socio-cultural constructions of the environment. The highlands and lowlands are historically perceived to serve different yet related functions to the people. More discussion will be on the kihamba tenure system because it roots deeper into earlier settlements on the slopes than the recent shamba system that started in the 1950s. This paper is based on a research work that included review of archival sources, fieldwork interviews conducted on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro, and various secondary sources. The available evidence helps to argue that the nature of settlement and agro-practices on the slopes of Mt. Kilimanjaro is not only determined by the provisions of the physical landscapes rather it results from a combination of factors. The paper examines how economic imperatives, coupled with the social construction of the physical space, influence patterns and nature of agrarian land use.
Perceptions of Smallholder Rice Farmers on Traditional and Conventional Weather Forecasting in Zanzibar, Tanzania
Authors: Salum Layla , Majule A. E. , Shaghude Y.W.
Published: December 2022

This paper assesses the perceptions of the smallholder rice farmers in Zanzibar on the use of conventional and indigenous knowledge (IK) for seasonal weather forecasting and farming decisions. It draws data from a study that was conducted in two rice fields in Central district, Unguja, and four rice fields in Micheweni district, Pemba. The paper mainly employs qualitative data from focus group discussions and interviews. The results reveal that farmers, particularly from rain-fed rice fields, have limited access to conventional seasonal weather forecasts, and thus rely on the knowledge of traditional weather forecasting. This is ascribed to their negative perceptions on conventional seasonal weather forecasts, limited access to extension services, and limited access to media, such as television and radio that provide weather information, which is attributed to low rural electrification and poverty. The results also showed that smallholder rice farmers in the islands use their own indigenous knowledge to forecast weather and utilise it for the preparation of fields, planting and harvesting of rice. The study highlights that, recent fluctuations in rice production is attributable to the variability of rainfall, rainfall seasons, and incidences of extreme floods. This illustrate the challenges of both conventional and traditional weather forecasting systems, and underscore the need and importance of integrating traditional and conventional weather forecasting to increase access to conventional weather forecasting to boost resilience to the impacts of current and future climate changes.
Community Access to Livelihood Sustenance Resources in Protected Areas: A Case Study of the Makao WMA, Tanzania
Authors: Lwankomezi Emmanuel , Kisoza James , Mhache Emmanuel
Published: December 2022

Local community bordering protected areas bear conservation costs like crop damage, injury and loss of land despite the conservation benefits and tourism attractions situated within their localities. This paper examines the extent to which community adjacent to protected areas access subsistence resources in Makao WMA. The study was conducted in Makao Wildlife Management Area in Jinamo, Mwabagimu and Makao villages, in Meatu District, Tanzania. The data were collected from 281 heads of households using a survey design within a mixed approach. A random number generator was used to generate a random number of households to be surveyed in each study village. The study found a limited access to subsistence resources as local communities are restricted to access land for agriculture, livestock grazing, settlements, firewood, wood for charcoal production, building poles and grasses; hence limiting their livelihood supports. The study results show that limited access to subsistence resources in protected areas may, in the long-run, results to resource-use conflicts in wildlife management areas. This study recommends local community capacity building programs that enable local advocacy for sustainable wildlife conservation and ensure resources access.
More Trees, Less Protection for the Meru-land of Tanzania
Authors: Noe Christine
Published: December 2022

‘Would you say these are trees? In the past, these were used for making sweeping brushes. Trees that can protect the soil and water are those that cannot be harvested by their own age mates’ (Key informant, April, 2017)
Climate Change and Adaptation in Pemba Island, Zanzibar: Environmental History – Pre-colonial Period to 1840
Authors: Seme Sarah , Jiddawi Narriman , Masebo Oswald
Published: December 2022

Despite vast research on climate change and adaptation in Pemba Island, and Zanzibar at large, little is still known about past climate changes and community adaptation to the ensuing hazards. Existing scholarship on climate change and community adaptation have generally focused on the most recent changes and adaptations. This paper intends to provide a historical understanding of past climate changes and community adaptation to contribute to the current scholarship. It relied on archival data, archaeological and historical reports, observation of existing sucked sites and existing oral traditions to reconstruct climate change adaptation history in the Island. The study found that climate changes have been happening in the Island since time immemorial. The Island experienced fluctuating rainfalls and temperatures that generated long- and short-term changes from wet to dry climatic conditions. The study further found that, for centuries, local communities in the Island suffered the impacts of climate change and innovated varied adaptations to survive. The strategies ranged from prayers to small-scale irrigation. It is argued that although the mechanism driving global climate change today are different from those in the past, the understanding of past adaptations to climate change offers some valuable insights into dealing with current and anticipated future climate changes.
Modeling Multiple Adoption Decisions on Agricultural Technologies in Tanzania
Authors: Lasway Jovin A. , Selejio Onesmo , Temba George R
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the determinants of adoption of improved agricultural technologies among smallholder maize farmers in Tanzania. Specifically, it reports the findings of a study that employed a sample size of 1,839 smallholder maize farming households that participated in three consecutive waves of 2008 - 2009, 2010 - 2011, and 2012 - 2013 of the National Panel Survey (NPS). Multinomial probit model was used to examine the factors that influence maize producers to adopt inorganic fertilisers, improved seeds, and herbicides. Results show that extension services, information technology, gender, education level, soil quality, age and household size influenced smallholder maize farmer’s choice of what agricultural technologies to adopt. Based on the findings, the paper recommends policymakers and other development partners to take these factors on board when promoting and supporting the adoption of agricultural technologies for improved productivity and food security.

JEL Codes: Q12; Q16; and Q18
Macroeconomic Determinants of Private Sector Credit in Tanzania: 1991–2018
Authors: Kilindo A. A. L.
Published: December 2022

Tanzania has undertaken significant changes that have altered the role of macroeconomic variables in the financial sector during the past three decades. These include deregulation of interest rates, combating inflation and improving macroeconomic performance, and increasing access to credit by the private sector. In this context, our study aims to analyse the impact of macroeconomic variables on bank credit to the private sector using annual data spanning from 1991 to 2018; the period after financial sector reforms. After performing unit root test and co-integration tests, the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) was applied to establish the dynamic long– run relationship between macroeconomic variables, namely, GDP, the lending rate, inflation and private sector credit. From the results, it can be seen that all these three macroeconomic variables have contributed positively towards bank credit growth in the Tanzanian economy. The co-integration and the error correction model estimation results also suggest that the macroeconomic variables had a long-run relationship with bank credit. The study findings call for policy makers to observe the behaviour of lending rates, inflation and economic growth to enhance credit demand and stimulate investment and growth.
Government Fiscal Health, Family Planning and Poverty Rate in Nigeria
Authors: Nuhu Mohammed , Kauky Monica Sebastian
Published: December 2022

Nigeria. Previous studies failed to link health expenditure appropriately to family planning and poverty alleviation in Nigeria. This study addresses this theoretical gap by employing the vector error correction mechanism (VECM) in analysing the interrelationship between government fiscal health, family planning and poverty rate in Nigeria by employing time series data from1977 to 2019. The data were tested for stationarity and found to be statistically significant at 0.05 level of significance. The result of the VECM showed that GDPP, SGHE, POVR and MMORR significantly explain 44.49% variation in family planning, while the ECM coefficient indicates a speed of adjustment of 5.372%; and it is statistically significant. The FEVD of family planning (FP) indicated that the variability of the SGHE was also rising between 0.193528% in the second period to 2.811% in the tenth period. The variability in POVR accounted for 1.008% of the variation in FP in the second period. The variation in poverty rate fell relatively over the forecast horizon such that at the tenth period it was 1.888%. The study concluded that the government’s fiscal health expenditure has a positive but insignificant impact on FP, but a negative impact on POVR and MMORR in Nigeria. It is recommended that the government should increase its fiscal health expenditure significantly. This can be achieved via an increase in the budgetary allocation for the health sector.
The Effects of Household Shocks on Children’s Schooling in Tanzania
Authors: Kauky Monica , Lokina Razack , Chegere Martin
Published: December 2022

This study examines effects of household shocks on children’s schooling in Tanzania. Using data from the Tanzania National Panel Survey - 2008–2013 and the randomeffects probit regression model, the study analyses the link between the shocks and child schooling, measured by school attendance and truancy. The results show that the shocks (weather, food price rises and death of a family member) affect school attendance. Furthermore, education of the head of the household increases the probability of child school attendance and reduces the probability of child truancy. Access to credit is found to increase the probability of child school attendance. Therefore, measures to help the poor and marginalized households to afford their children’s education include improving their access to credit and establishing pro-poor policies, such as improving irrigation schemes and promoting drought-resistant crops, which would enhance agricultural production, increase incomes and improve vulnerability to shocks.
Leveraging Youth Employment in the Tanzania Tourism Sector: The Role of MSMEs
Authors: Lesseri Gerald
Published: December 2022

Despite the employment potential of Tanzania’s tourism sector, the sector is not absorbing the youth sufficiently, who remain unemployed after graduating from various institutions. This study examines the extent of youth employment in the sector and factors associated with their increased employment. Using cross-sectional data from 445 micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) collected between September and November 2018, the study reveals that the youth form the largest proportion of wage employees. Furthermore, using econometric techniques, the study finds that factors influencing enterprises to employ more youths include duration of business operation, formal access to capital, provision of employment contracts, non-networking recruitment channels and number of customers. Hence, the potential of MSMEs to employ more youths depends internally on reliable access to capital and adherence to best employment practices, such as providing employment contracts and ensuring equal opportunity to applicants. Both the survival of MSMEs and increased youth employment depend externally on attracting more tourists.

JEL Classifications: M51, J21, E24
The Role of Linkages in Determining Informal And Small Firms’ Performance: The Case of the Construction Industry in Tanzania
Authors: Ishengoma Esther , Lokina Razack
Published: December 2022

Despite their significant contribution to employment and to the economy in general,the performance of informal and small construction firms is still low; and has beenassociated with limited human and working capital, poor technology, limited accessto differentiated markets and productive resources. Among the addressed options toovercome these problems is by linking them to relatively large contractors. Empiricalstudies which have associated the performance of these firms to linkages are unableto show the extent to which linkages explain the performance. While controlling forselected firms’ factors, this paper tries to examine the role of linkages in explainingthe performance of firms. The results reveal that firms with reliable customers andaccess to organisational subcontracting arrangements perform better than theircounterparts.
Trade Reforms and Total Factor Productivity
Authors: Alemayehu Worku
Published: December 2022

The relationship between trade reforms and industry performance has been undecided both on theoretical and empirical grounds. Amidst of this, Ethiopia has undertaken series of trade and other economic reform measures since 1992. The objective of this paper is to assess firm-level TFP heterogeneity in the Ethiopian manufacturing industry during and post-trade reform periods. Based on unbalanced panel data of 8395 manufacturing firms engaging 10 and above persons for the period (1996 and 2007), TFP was estimated using Olley and Pakes (1996) with Yasar et al. (2008) STATA application. The study found heterogeneous firm-level TFP in line with contemporary economic theories with skewed distribution with relatively high concentration of unproductive firms to the left. Import-intensive, exporting, incumbent and also smaller and large-scale firms performed more productively as compared to resource-based, nonexporting, exiting and medium sized firms, respectively, over the entire period. While the manufacturing sector has become more productive during the post-reform period, private, non-exporting, import-dependent, large-scale and incumbent firms contributed a statically significant improvement in TFP scores during this period. These results are consistent with many present-day studies. Despite being based on local-resources, exporting firms have not shown TFP improvement mainly because of the scarcity of raw materials. Overall, the findings suggest that the government may need to investigate the bottlenecks holding back the linkage between agro-processing industries and the agricultural sector to improve the performance of resource-based industries in general, and the exporting firms in particular. Medium scale industries also require an equal support as small enterprises, in terms of access to market, loans and other services so as to cope-up with the competitive push. Otherwise, further trade reform would improve the overall TFP of the manufacturing sector if the necessary precaution is put in place in terms of addressing the above and related bottlenecks.
Macroeconomic Policies, Industrialization and Economic Growth in Nigeria
Authors: Ighodaro Clement , Ajayi-Ojo Ajayi-Ojo
Published: December 2022

This paper employed the simultaneous equation model using the three-stage least squares technique to analyse the impact of money supply, government expenditure and exchange rate on industrial output; and the effect of industrial output on economicgrowth in Nigeria. The study used annual data covering 1981 to 2017. It was found that industrial output affects economic growth positively in Nigeria, just as exchange rate has a positive significant impact on industrial output. The study recommends that fiscal policies should be formulated with a clear-cut view to addressing the industrial needs of the country.

Keywords: economic growth, government expenditure, industrialization,macroeconomic policies, money supply
Adoption of International Standards on Auditing by Small and Medium-Sized Practices in Tanzania: An Examination of Critical Factors
Authors: Chalu Henry
Published: December 2022

Tanzania, like many countries in the world, adopted international standards on auditing (ISAs) in 2004, which made it mandatory for all auditing firms to use to ensure high audit quality. Although several studies have been conducted to explore factors behind the adoption of ISAs, these studies have concentrated on large auditing firms ignoring small and medium practices (SMPs). Moreover, these studies have not focused on successful adoption as a multi-dimensional concept. Based on these gaps, this study seeks to examine the relationship between factors and successful adoption of ISAs by SMPs in Tanzania. The study employs canonical correlation analysis (CCA) as suggested by Fornell and Larcker (1980) to analyse primary data collected using self-administered questionnaire to 113 auditors working in SMPs. Empirical results show that the availability of resources, regulatory enforcement, client capacity, organizational culture, and organizational structure are positively related with successful adoption of ISA. The findings suggest that policies on the adoption of ISA should not only focus on compliance but also on resources availed to SMPs and capacity of clients involved in the auditing process.

JEL Codes: M40, M41, M42
Electronic Payment and Revenue Collection in Local Government Authorities in Tanzania: Evidence from Kinondoni Municipality
Authors: Kessy Kessy
Published: December 2022

This paper examines the role of e-payment on revenue collection in Kinondoni Municipal, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. A semi-structured questionnaire was distributed to revenue collectors and administrators using simple random sampling procedure; obtaining a total of 77 respondents. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and linear regression. The findings revealed that most of the respondents admitted that e-payment influences revenue collection by enabling the Municipal increase tax compliance. It was further revealed that e-payment can provide additional competitive edge in monitoring revenue sources, and improving the quality of financial reporting. Furthermore, the findings revealed a positive linear relationship between e-payment and revenue collection in terms of tax compliance, monitoring of revenue sources, and financial reporting. The study indicated that all e-payment modes are aligned with tax compliance. Apart from positive achievements of e-payment, poor connectivity, limited awareness, lack of technical assistance, poor experience of the technology by tax collectors, and unreliable power supply were considered as challenges in implementing e-payment system. Thus, to hasten the use of e-payment system in revenue collection, it is crucial to address the identified challenges and conduct training to all tax collectors and tax payers. Also, the geographical information system (GIS) should be integrated in the e-payment system to automate the process of allocating revenue sources.
Hieronim kot zgodovinar svoje dobe: njegovi pogledi na krizne pojave in zaton Rimskega cesarstva
Authors: Bratož Rajko
Published: December 2022

V Hieronimovem izjemno obsežnem in raznolikem literarnem opusu zavzema historiografija le skromno mesto. Ob tem pa prinašajo njegova pisma številne zgodovinske podatke in razmišljanja, ki osvetljujejo njegov pogled na sodobnost. Svoje edino v ožjem smislu zgodovinsko delo, Kroniko (oziroma nadaljevanje Evzebijeve Kronike), je zaključil z bitko pri Adrianoplu (378), tako kot največji zgodovinar njegovega časa, pogan Amijan Marcelin. V dogodku, ki je bil ključnega pomena za rimsko cesarstvo, s takojšnjimi katastrofalnimi posledicami v celotnem balkansko-podonavskim delu države, s časovnim zamikom ene generacije pa tudi v Italiji in na Zahodu, je videl začetek konca Rimskega cesarstva. Pri tem je Hieronim kasneje (Ep. 123, 15) uporabil prispodobo potapljajoče se ladje oziroma brodoloma države. Obljube, da bo napisal obširnejšo zgodovino Gracijanove in Teodozijeve dobe mu ni uspelo izpolniti. Med prelomnimi dogodki in procesi, ki jih je ponekod le kratko ocenil, spet drugič pa izpostavil njihovo travmatično vsebino, naj navedemo še dva primera: pohod barbarskih skupin iz srednjega Podonavja in njihov vdor v Galijo 406, ki je zapečatil usodo rimskega Zahoda; pohod Zahodnih Gotov leta 408 v Italijo, zlasti pa gotska osvojitev Rima leta 410, ki ga je izredno pretresla. V zadnjem obdobju njegovega življenja (do 419/420?) so opažanja in razmišljanja zgodovinske vsebine bolj redka, kar je verjetno odraz nastopa bolj stabilnih razmer v rimskem cesarstvu.
Religija in politično v ancien régimu
Authors: Bezlaj Lucija Zala
Published: December 2022

Članek se ukvarja z vprašanjem, kako razumeti vlogo religije v evropski družbi ancien régima. Prvi del je namenjen kritičnemu pregledu nekaterih uveljavljenih pristopov zgodovinopisja do razumevanja religije in verskih konfliktov. Ugotavlja, da pogosto zapadajo v bodisi ahistorično bodisi teleološko razumevanje religije. Naslanjajoč se na ugotovitve političnih marksistov o vlogi monarhičnega aparata oblasti kot glavnega ekspropriatorja, drugi del religijo v ancien régimu umesti v takratne družbene odnose in jo misli kot na specifičen način vpeto v družbeno formacijo takratnega časa.
TINJAUAN HUKUM KESEHATAN PEMASANGAN VENEER DI INDONESIA
Authors: Dewi Sumartini , Suryoutomo Markus
Published: December 2022

Aesthetic dental care can be done in various ways, nowadays the most popular dental treatment is by applying veneers to the teeth. Even so, many people still do not understand that veneer treatment is the authority of dentists. This study aims to determine the regulation of veneer installation in positive law in Indonesia and the application of the law to violations of authority in veneer installation in Indonesia. The result of the research is that although it does not specifically regulate the veneer method, based on the Dentist Competency Standards, Law Number 29 of 2004 concerning Medical Practice has become a positive legal arrangement in
Indonesia which becomes the legal umbrella for all forms of general medical practice and dentistry. The application of the law against violations of authority in veneer installation should be able to include elements of a more complex crime in several positive legal regulations in Indonesia. This is intended so that the public can learn about the powers of medical treatment that can only be carried out by medical personnel or doctors or dentists.
ANTINOMI KEWENANGAN PENYIDIK PEGAWAI NEGERI SIPIL (PPNS) DENGAN PENYIDIK POLRI DALAM SISTEM PERADILAN PIDANA TERPADU
Authors: Rahman Kholilur , Kurniawan Efendik
Published: December 2022

In the context of law enforcement, the process of investigating criminal acts is one of the sub-systems in the criminal justice system in Indonesia, which has a significant and strategic position, because investigations are the main gate and the beginning of the criminal justice process. Civil Servant Investigators (PPNS) are also given the authority to carry out professional investigations, in addition to the investigative authority of Polri Investigators. The investigation authority becomes a problem after there are various antinomical or contradictory provisions. In that context, it is interesting to analyze by first discussing the position of PPNS based on the criminal justice system and then discussing the harmonization of the provisions
of PPNS authority with Polri investigators in an integrated criminal justice system. The research method used in this study is normative, using a statute approach and a conceptual approach.
Efficacy of Aloe Vera gel and Egg albumin as slide coating adhesives- A Comparative Pilot study
Authors: P Sindu , A Arthanari
Published: December 2022

Introduction

The problem with the staining process is the tendency for tissue section to detach from glass slides during the heat treatment used in the further processing of the slides. This has been minimised by the use of slide adhesives. The most commonly used slide adhesives for daily use are gelatine and egg albumin.

Aim

To compare the efficacy of Aloe Vera gel as slide coating adhesives with egg albumin.

Methods

15 formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of known histopathological diagnosis were sectioned from the archives of the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology for the study, with n= 15 for Aloe Vera gel and n= 15 for egg albumin coating.  The Aloe Vera gel was prepared and the slides were coated by the same and the routine staining procedure was done. The slides were viewed under the microscope by two independent blinded observers and grading was done for ease of handling, viscosity, ability to withstand heat and chemicals and adhesion.

Results

Our study showed that Aloe Vera gel when used as a slide adhesive was found have more advantage than routine albumin slide coating with a p <0.05 value for ease of handling and absence of background staining.

Conclusion

Aloe Vera gel was found to be superior to routinely used egg albumin as a slide coating agent.
PILAR CYST- REPORT OF A RARE CASE
Authors: Casilda Sushanthi.L
Published: December 2022

We report a case of pilar cyst in a 50 year old female with a swelling in the left parietal region. Gross findings revealed a cystic cavity with multiple infoldings. The characteristic histopathologic feature of a pilar cyst with absence of granular layer and swollen cells were evident. Attention to detail, prompt diagnosis and treatment based on the signs and symptoms are a must for patient welfare.
Reliability of CBCT in working length determination for successful endodontic treatment- an in vitro study
Authors: Kosta Suparna , Chandwani Neelam , Bopche Pooja
Published: December 2022

Aim: To evaluate and compare the accuracy of working length determination using Radiovisiography, Cone Beam Computed Tomography and Actual working length of the tooth.
Material and Methods: After the access cavity preparation in seventy- two  extracted human single rooted teeth, the working length was measured, using Radiovisiography and Cone beam Computed Tomography and its accuracy was compared with the actual working length of the teeth using surgical loupes. Unpaired ‘t’ test was used to test the significance of difference observed in mean working length measurements.
Results:. The difference in distribution of readings was found insignificant (p<0.75) by Chi square analysis. The result showed that cone beam computed tomography working length had high percentage of accurate readings as compared to radiographic working length readings. The results also showed high Karl Pearson’s correlation coefficient between the actual working length, radiographic and CBCT working length.
Conclusions: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is as accurate and valuable adjunct as the actual working length in determining working length.
Clinical Significance: Considering the availability of CBCT and its wide implication in endodontics, there is a need to explore if CBCT can be used as a tool at par with the actual working length determination in endodontics.
A gender determination using mandibular canine index – a prospective study on Mumbai population and comprehensive review
Authors: Patil Mithileshwari Bajirao , Sardar Manisha , Tupkari Jagdish , Sinha Anuradha , D’souza Zaneta , Sonawane Sarang G.
Published: December 2022

Background: Teeth is considered a necessitous auxiliary in skeletal age, and determination of gender because teeth have post-mortem destruction and fragmentation resistance and they are last to be destroyed under extreme conditions like temperature, acid, or putrefaction.

Aims: To evaluate the differences in odontometrics of mandibular canine between males and females and assessment of gender by calculating differences in the mandibular canine index (MCI) of male and female subjects.

Settings and Design: Prospective, cross-sectional study.

Subjects and methods: This study focus on evaluation of the existence of sexual dimorphism in the Mumbai population which included permanent mandibular canine of 100 male & 100 female subjects of age group 21 to 28 years. The mesio-distal width (MDW) of right and left canine and inter-canine distance (ICD) were measured. Subsequently, the mandibular canine index was calculated.

Results: No evidence of any significant statistical difference between the right and left mandibular canines among the same gender, but when compared between male and female, mandibular left canine exhibited greater sexual dimorphism (10 %) as compared with the right canine (9.2 %). The standard MCI value for the Mumbai population was 0.24.

Conclusions: MCI technique can be used as one of the simple, reliable, and adjuvant diagnostic method for gender determination in forensic dentistry. As it is influenced by various factors like genetics, epigenetics, geographical locations, etc.; it is recommended to carry out population based studies so that standardized values will help in gender determination precisely.
ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN PENENTUAN HARGA KAMAR TERHADAP TINGKAT HUNIAN DI HOTEL DAFAM WONOSOBO
Authors: Harwindito Baskoro , Rizka Wulandari Adinda
Published: December 2022

Hotel adalah suatu jenis akomodasi yang mempergunakan sebagian atau seluruh bangunan untuk menyediakan jasa penginapan, makanan dan minuman serta jasa penunjang lainnya yang dikelola secara komersil. Dilihat dari kebutuhan wisatawan pada saat melakukan perjalanan, bisnis perhotelan sangat membantu wisatawan dalam hal akomodasi. Setiap hotel menawarkan harga yang berbeda-beda sehingga menjadi pertimbangan wisatawan dalam memilih tempat menginap. Maka pihak hotel memiliki kebijakan dalam menentukan harga kamar sebelum mengimplementasikannya agar harga tersebut bisa diterima oleh masyarakat dan dapat berpengaruh baik kepada tingkat hunian hotel. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Hotel Dafam Wonosobo yang terletak di daerah wisata Dieng. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebijakan seperti apa yang dimiliki oleh Hotel Dafam Wonosobo dalam menentukan harga kamar dan untuk melihat perkembangan tingkat hunian disetiap perubahan harga kamar setelah mengikuti kebijakan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui wawancara. Sampel yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Wawancara dilakukan dengan Sales Manager Hotel Dafam Wonosobo, dan Room Division Manager Hotel Dafam Wonosobo. Analisis data dilakukan dengan reduksi data, penafsiran data, dan  kesimpulan untuk membuatnya lebih mudah dipahami. Hasil penelitian mencatat bahwa : Kebijakan penentuan harga kamar yang dimiliki Hotel Dafam Wonosobo didasarkan atas beberapa strategi, panduan dari manajemen pusat, survey pasar, dan kondisi kompetitor. Kebijakan tersebut dibuat agar harga yang ditawarkan dapat diterima oleh konsumen dan dapat berbanding lurus dengan faktor yang ada. Hal tersebut membuat kondisi disetiap perubahan harga kamar berdampak kepada tingkat hunian hotel dan perkembangannya pun tidak dapat diramalkan tetapi dari hasil penelitian selain harga kamar terdapat faktor penunjang lainnya seperti lokasi, pelayanan, dan promosi yang dilakukan pihak hotel.
IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR OPERASIONAL PROSEDUR OLEH PETUGAS AVIATION SECURITY (AVSEC) GUNA PENGOPTIMALAN KEAMANAN DAN KESELAMATAN PENERBANGAN DI BANDAR UDARA NUSAWIRU PANGANDARAN JAWA BARAT
Authors: Ulfa Rosiana
Published: December 2022

Unit yang bertanggung jawab di dalam pelaksanaan keamanan dan keselamatan penerbangan adalah unit Aviation Security. Pada pelaksanaanya, Aviation Security (Avsec) mempunyai peran untuk menciptakan keamanan dan keselamatan penerbangan pada  penumpang, cabin crew dan masyarakat disekitar. Tujuan dari penelitan ini  untuk mengetahui peran Aviation Security dalam menjalankan tugasnya sesuai dengan aturan yang berlaku. Untuk mengetahui apa saja kendala yang dihadapi oleh petugas Aviation Security di Bandar Udara Nusawiru Pangandaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif yang mengacu pada data primer dan  sekunder. Data primer dan sekunder di dapat dari hasil wawancara dan observasi., dan dokumentasi dengan mengacu pada Standar Operasional Prosedur yang berlaku di Unit Aviation Security di Bandar Udara Nusawiru Pangandaran Jawa Barat. Pembahasan dalam penelitian ini berfokus pada tanggung jawab dan tugas dari unit Aviation Security (Avsec) yang mengacu Standar Operasional Prosedur didalam mengimplementasikan tugasnya yaitu menjaga  keselamatan dan keamanan terhadap penumpang. Hasil dari penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa peran Aviation Security di Bandar Udara Nusawiru Pangandaran Jawa Barat terhadap pelaksanaan Standard Operating Procedure sudah sesuai, tetapi dalam menjalankan tugasnya masih menemukan beberapa kendala diantaranya terkait dengan kemampuan petugas dalam menggunakan bahasa asing serta seringkali di adanya penumpang yang masih belum kooperatif dalam mematuhi peraturan yang berlaku.
COSMOLOGICAL BIANCHI TYPE – V MODEL WITH ZERO MASSIVE SCALAR FIELD
Authors: FETESE BERAKO BETSO
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we discussed cosmological model in the general theory of relativity considering Bianchi type-V metric where the matter is in the form of zero massive scalar field. Exact solutions to the field equations are derived when the metric potentials are functions of cosmic time only. Some physical and geometrical properties of the solutions are also discussed.
MONITORING OF HUMAN HEALTH STATUS
Authors: SRIVASTAVA YASHI , GUPTA DEEPALI , SHUKLA SWARNITA , SRIVASTAVA AKRITI , SRI-VASTAVA VIJIT
Published: December 2022

Looking at the scenario nowadays, dealing with pandemics in the past has made the world aware that they need to take certain steps in their way of living and habits. Health monitoring is one such vital thing that could make a difference in the world of health. If handled appropriately, any infectious disease or pandemic can be prevented from increasing and spreading. This kind of device could help in the monitoring and checkup of patients by maintaining proximity to the patient. This device would detect a patient's pulse, temperature, and oxygen level as well as ensure the room temperature and humidity for the patient's sake. Also, in hospitals or nursing homes, these devices could be a one-stop solution for patient monitoring during the pandemic. Regular checkups and proper steps are taken as per proto- col may result in the prevention of diseases at risk. This device can also be used for self- monitoring at the same time during the time of home quarantine. The result is displayed on the web server, which is an IoT server used here, and after the detection and result can be accessed anywhere on phones or desktops through the services provided.
IMPACT OF ANTI-TUBERCULOSIS DRUGS ON THE EXPRESSION OF CYTOCHROME-ASSOCIATED GENES
Authors: DANJUMA LAWAL , SUBBIAH SURESH KUMAR
Published: December 2022

The impact of Tuberculosis (TB) drugs on liver and kidney bio-indicators as well as histological architecture has been investigated since the inception of the drugs, with little or no sufficient data on the impact of the drugs at gene or molecular level. High through put analysis such as Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR), Microarray, Proteomics, Nano-strings and Next generation Sequencing (NGS) are normally employed to ascertain the level of damage cause by the drugs at molecular level. As such the expression levels of the genes can be determined, whether they are up regulated or down regulated, and compared the fold change with samples of the control group. The up regulation or down regulation of gene due to chemotherapy is an indicator of anomaly in a particular gene, and that can lead to the malfunction of the affected gene. The up regulation of gland secretion gene can lead to over secretion of hormone and also down regulation can lead to under secretion, and the overall biological process taking place in body can be halt and some biological functions can be obstructed. This review is aimed at investigating the impact of anti-tuberculosis drugs on the expression of cytochrome-associated genes, and to elaborate how some of the physiological processes of the body are affected by the up regulated or down regulated genes.
COVID - 19 PANDEMIC AND THE CONSEQUENCIES ON LIBRARY SERVICES DELIVERY IN NIGERIAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES
Authors: OYENIRAN KAYODE GBOYEGA , YUSUF DUSHU TANGKAT
Published: December 2022

The unprecedented magnitude and excruciating impact of the coronavirus (Covid-19) pandemic have been devastating. The pandemic which originated from the populous city of Wuham, Hubei Province, China in Nov.2019 has since become a global pandemic of frightening proportion, killing Million of people across the worlds. Apart from the health implications and the death associated with it, the pandemic also posed serious challenges for governance in many respects. Consequently, country around the world including institutions there in have been compelled to respond to the pandemic in diverse ways. Library services for instance were shut down completely during this period resulted into inability to provide access to essential information resources, especially hard copy materials. Normal lending and other library services and activities were suspended. These measures resulted into both study and work from home solution and most importantly making use of online platforms. Even though some students are now relying on online platform, there are still significant numbers who rely on library to access their course textbooks as the only substitute to the work. Hence, the study reveals that utilization on online platform for virtual library services in COVID -19 era has not been encouraging. However, COVID-19 pandemic has equally brought a general change of habit to both the users and the librarians through hygienic and preventive measures introduced by (National Centre for Disease Control NCDC) to reduce the spread of the pandemic. Therefore, this study investigates the effect of COIVID-19 pandemic on library services delivery in university libraries in Nigeria.
Terminalia catappa Linn.: A TREASURY OF PHARMACOLOGICAL BENEFITS
Authors: YADAV SARITA , KAPOOR RAMIT , MITTAL POOJA , AJMAL GUFRAN
Published: December 2022

Terminalia catappa Linn. belonging to family Combretaceae is well known plant due to its nutritional fruit, bark, leaves and roots which are having medicinal properties. The various phytochemicals which are present in it are such as gallic acid, ellagic acid, corilagin, alkaloid, flavonoid, protein, phytosteroids, phenol and carotenoids are isolated form the different parts of the plant in various solvent systems. These isolated compounds have found to be possess numerous pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, antifungal,  antinociceptive, hepatitis treatment, hypocholesterolemia, immunomodulatory, anthelmintic, antiviral, antiaging, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-tumor, hematological, anthelmintic, aphrodisiac, wound healing. These all pharmacological activities cumulatively enhanced its traditional value and uses. In this review paper, the different pharmacological activities and their benefits are explored which are exhibited by different phytoconstituents present in different parts of the plant.
LOW COST PRODUCTION OF SPIRULINA (Spirulina platensis) THROUGH TREATMENT OF WASTEWATER
Authors: PALANIVEL PREMALATHA , KALIYAPERUMAL SARAVANAN , PERIYASAMY KARUPPANNAN , PALANISAMY SIVABAKIYAM
Published: December 2022

Spirulina is multi cellular, autotrophic and filamentous blue-green microalgae possessed rich protein, vitamins, minerals and pigments. It showed various pharmaceutical activities including anticancer and anti HIV activities. It also used as animal feed for rich protein content. Black water refers to toilet water which turned and one of the most significant sources of human pathogens and source of ground water pollution. In the present study focused to treat the wastewater through the cultivation of S. platensis. Culturemedium was divided into three groups (Group I (100% black water), Group II (50% black water), Group III (25% black water) and Group IV (Chemical medium). Water quality parameters were measure before and after cultivation of spirulina. A healthy and high amount of S. platensis was cultured in group III (25% black water) more or less similar to the chemical medium. The cost effect ratio for the synthetic medium showed the high expenses. On the other hand, in wastewater culture spirulina showed a maximum gain from zero cost management or without loss of cost. With regard to waste water treatment, the culturing of spirulina favorably altered the physical and chemical parameters of the wastewater except chlorides, total hardness and total alkalinity.The present study indicates that spirulina canbe successfully cultured in black wastewater with expected yield. Furthermore the cultured water can also be used for irrigation purpose with 25% addition of freshwater or as such. Since there is no bad odour and other toxic material it can also be used for toilet flush.
Análisis de la experiencia en la consolidación de un cuerpo académico de atención, comunicación y educación en salud
Authors: Campos Rivera Marisol , Reyna Martínez Luis Antonio , Panting Villalobos Hugo Alejandro , Hernández Nadiosly de la Caridad de la Yncera , Peña Salazar Lilia Denisse , Fajardo Ruz Rigoberto de la Cruz
Published: December 2022

En México, los Cuerpos Académicos son una de las medidas para atender las recomendaciones internacionales de reestructurar la educación superior, enfocando esfuerzos hacia la investigación y docencia de calidad y multidimensional, canalizando distintos apoyos gubernamentales de acuerdo con su nivel de consolidación. El objetivo del presente estudio consistió en reflexionar la experiencia del equipo de un Cuerpo Académico de salud de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Quintana Roo, en el proceso de consolidación como grupo de investigación, para identificar elementos clave que contribuyan al fortalecimiento de otros círculos académicos, a sus líneas de trabajo e impacto social. Este análisis tiene un enfoque cualitativo, apoyado por la etnografía y la investigación narrativa en el periodo 2019 a 2022, a través de las fases: recolección de información; nivel textual; nivel contextual y; nivel metatextual. Los elementos clave encontrados fueron: Planeación estratégica; Retos para la consolidación; Gestión del proceso de fortalecimiento; Divulgación del conocimiento; Extensión, vinculación y práctica comunitaria; Generación de conocimiento; Docencia; y Redes académicas de colaboración. Se concluye que es necesario ampliar la discusión de los lineamientos de los Cuerpos Académicos para visibilizar las condiciones de su puesta en práctica, debido la sobrecarga laboral que puede conllevar. Sin embargo, también se reconoce que la pertenencia a un Cuerpo Académico promueve el desarrollo personal y colectivo cuando se considera el factor humano y el tipo de interacciones del grupo de trabajo, aspectos que, a su vez, se relacionan con el potencial para alcanzar un nivel de consolidación.
Procesos operacionales en el manejo de proveedores, su aplicación en empresas comerciales e industriales, Ecuador-2022
Authors: Rendon Guerra Gina del Pilar , Mena Hidalgo Odila Lucinda , Racines Macias Ruth Elizabeth
Published: December 2022

Para alcanzar la estabilidad de las empresas en el mercado, se debe contar con proveedores establecidos que cumplan parámetros de calidad, se establezcan acuerdos económicos con las empresas negociadoras, de acuerdo a las políticas establecidas entre las dos partes, dentro de este rango existen otros factores que deben ser analizados, como la gestión del control, procesos de abastecimiento, selección del proveedor, evaluación de riesgo, negociación contractual, inducción de nuevos productos y gestión de rendimiento y monitoreo/mitigación de riesgos. El presente trabajo está enfocado a demostrar cual es la base de las relaciones comerciales, de las empresas , utilizando valores categóricos en función a 5 ítems, que reúnen los porcentajes finales del estudio que se le hace a los proveedores en las empresas comerciales Mundo Office, Ferretería Yamaha y Natural Shop, incluyendo para el análisis una empresa industrial; Agropesa, en donde se investiga la importancia que se le da a los factores de calidad, condiciones económicas y políticas de la empresa para las relaciones contractuales con los proveedores . La metodología se enfocó en la revisión literaria de los principales factores que inciden en la selección de proveedores, se exploró áreas específicas en empresas del área de Quevedo-Ecuador, aplicando el método categórico donde se definieron una lista las variables o factores, asignado una calificación de rendimiento para cada atributo. De esta investigación se determina que, a pesar de las variables estudiadas entre las empresas comerciales y la empresa industrial, las variables influyentes no pueden competir con el grado de confianza, pero se establece necesario en la selección de proveedores aplicar calificaciones objetivas para tomar decisiones.
Ciencias de la Educación: Investigaciones científicas y propuestas educativas internacionales
Authors: Uribe Veintimilla Ana María , Mora Umaña Andrea Melissa , Puya Lino Aníbal , Guzmán Meléndez Erika Mischel , Parrales Loor Gina , Naranjo Vaca Gregory , Andrade Santamaría Jorge Vladimir , Palacios Meléndez José Giovanni , Tomalá Uribe José Xavier , Caamaño López Libi Carol , Baque Catuto Liliana Gabriela , Piedra García Luis Ángel , Quishpi Choto Luis Armando , Villanueva Salazar Luisa , Bayas Marcia M. , Vallejo Lucero María Isabel , Estupiñán Lince María Lorena , Silva Sánchez Marianela , Hernández Nodarse Mario , Paula Chica Maritza Gisella , Gutiérrez Hinestroza Marllelis , Piedra Barrera Melania , Aguzzi Fallas Melissa , Cascante Flores Nora , Marcano Molano Pedro Gabriel , Maridueña Torres Rita , Rovira Ronald H. , Martínez Marín Salvador Uriel , González Reyes Sara
Published: December 2022

Este libro es un producto científico y educativo generado a partir del 1er Congreso Internacional de Ciencias de la Educación, que se desarrolló de forma virtual en la Universidad Estatal Península de Santa Elena, Ecuador, con la valiosa participación y los aportes de prestigiosos académicos de más de seis países en trece conferencias y más treinta ponencias relacionadas con siete temáticas de las Ciencias de la educación y una cifra de 1091 asistentes en los tres días en que tuvo lugar dicho evento. Vale destacar también la valiosa participación estudiantil, para los cuales resultó ser una interesante experiencia y una opción más de aprendizaje. Las temáticas y los focos de atención en los capítulos que se presentan son diversos y posiblemente en su lectura, análisis y discusión se hallarán muchos puntos de conexión, de convergencia y de complementariedad, en su esfuerzo por abordar el complejo y dinámico mundo de la educación y del desarrollo humano.