bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
3D Monitoring of Buildings Using TerraSAR-X InSAR, DInSAR and PolSAR Capacities
Authors: Weissgerber Flora , Colin-Koeniguer Elise , Nicolas Jean-Marie , Trouvé Nicolas
Published: September 2017

The rapid expansion of cities increases the need of urban remote sensing for a large scale monitoring. This paper provides greater understanding of how TerraSAR-X (TSX) high-resolution abilities enable to reach the spatial precision required to monitor individual buildings, through the use of a 4 year temporal stack of 100 images over Paris (France). Three different SAR modes are investigated for this purpose. First a method involving a whole time-series is proposed to measure realistic heights of buildings. Then, we show that the small wavelength of TSX makes the interferometric products very sensitive to the ordinary building-deformation, and that daily deformation can be measured over the entire building with a centimetric accuracy, and without any a priori on the deformation evolution, even when neglecting the impact of the atmosphere. Deformations up to 4 cm were estimated for the Eiffel Tower and up to 1 cm for other lower buildings. These deformations were analyzed and validated with weather and in situ local data. Finally, four TSX polarimetric images were used to investigate geometric and dielectric properties of buildings under the deterministic framework. Despite of the resolution loss of this mode, the possibility to estimate the structural elements of a building orientations and their relative complexity in the spatial organization are demonstrated.
Assessing Terrestrial Water Storage and Flood Potential Using GRACE Data in the Yangtze River Basin, China
Authors: Sun Zhangli , Zhu Xiufang , Pan Yaozhong , Zhang Jinshui
Published: September 2017

Floods have caused tremendous economic, societal and ecological losses in the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) of China. To reduce the impact of these disasters, it is important to understand the variables affecting the hydrological state of the basin. In this study, we used Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data, flood potential index (FPI), precipitation data (Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission, TRMM 3B43), and other meteorological data to generate monthly terrestrial water storage anomalies (TWSA) and to evaluate flood potential in the YRB. The results indicate that the basin contained increasing amounts of water from 2003 to 2014, with a slight increase of 3.04 mm/year in the TWSA. The TWSA and TRMM data exhibit marked seasonal characteristics with summer peaks and winter dips. Estimates of terrestrial water storage based on GRACE, measured as FPI, are critical for understanding and predicting flooding. The 2010 flood (FPI ~ 0.36) was identified as the most serious disaster during the study period, with discharge and precipitation values 37.95% and 19.44% higher, respectively, than multi-year average values for the same period. FPI can assess reliably hydrological extremes with high spatial and temporal resolution, but currently, it is not suitable for smaller and/or short-term flood events. Thus, we conclude that GRACE data can be effectively used for monitoring and examining large floods in the YRB and elsewhere, thus improving the current knowledge and presenting potentially important political and economic implications.
The Development of an RFID Solution to Facilitate the Traceability of Patient and Pharmaceutical Data
Authors: Pérez María Martínez , González Guillermo Vázquez , Dafonte Carlos
Published: September 2017

One of the principal objectives of hospitals is to increase the quality of care of the patient. This is even more of a priority in Day Hospitals where certain medication requires special attention, from its preparation in the Pharmacy service to its delivery to the patient in the Day Hospital. In the case of expensive medicines, nursing staff have to comply with very detailed instructions in their administration to the patient (name of medicine, route, dosage, schedule, previous medication, conditions of conservation, etc.). This work focuses on the development of a multi-faceted hub application to facilitate the traceability of mixed intravenous medication from the beginning to the end of the process of prescription–validation–dosing–preparation–administration (PVD-PA) and be available to all health professionals involved: doctors, pharmacists, and the nursing staff of the Hospital Pharmacy and Day Hospital.
Do Bodybuilders Use Evidence-Based Nutrition Strategies to Manipulate Physique?
Authors: Mitchell Lachlan , Hackett Daniel , Gifford Janelle , Estermann Frederico , O’Connor Helen
Published: September 2017

Competitive bodybuilders undergo strict dietary and training practices to achieve an extremely lean and muscular physique. The purpose of this study was to identify and describe different dietary strategies used by bodybuilders, their rationale, and the sources of information from which these strategies are gathered. In-depth interviews were conducted with seven experienced (10.4 ± 3.4 years bodybuilding experience), male, natural bodybuilders. Participants were asked about training, dietary and supplement practices, and information resources for bodybuilding strategies. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. During the off-season, energy intake was higher and less restricted than during the in-season to aid in muscle hypertrophy. There was a focus on high protein intake with adequate carbohydrate to permit high training loads. To create an energy deficit and loss of fat mass, energy intake was gradually and progressively reduced during the in-season via a reduction in carbohydrate and fat intake. The rationale for weekly higher carbohydrate refeed days was to offset declines in metabolic rate and fatigue, while in the final “peak week” before competition, the reasoning for fluid and sodium manipulation and carbohydrate loading was to enhance the appearance of leanness and vascularity. Other bodybuilders, coaches and the internet were significant sources of information. Despite the common perception of extreme, non-evidence-based regimens, these bodybuilders reported predominantly using strategies which are recognized as evidence-based, developed over many years of experience. Additionally, novel strategies such as weekly refeed days to enhance fat loss, and sodium and fluid manipulation, warrant further investigation to evaluate their efficacy and safety.
Heterogeneous Value of Water: Empirical Evidence in South Korea
Authors: Lee Yoon , Cho Sungchul , Han Haejin , Kim Kyoungmin , Hong Yongsuk
Published: September 2017

Anthropogenic pressures have exacerbated self-sustaining river services, and growing concerns over sustaining river system become global problematic issues that lead us to implement river restoration projects. Of those projects, governing diverse needs and desires from stakeholders for those who have various water values are key elements of identifying the success of the project. In fact, the Korean government has had concern over restoring the rivers which brings to construct 16 weirs in four major rivers and may fail to achieve main goal of the project, which is to ameliorate water quality. In this study, principle component analysis and multinomial logit model were executed to investigate major socioeconomic variables to influence water values in terms of sustainability in Korea. Evitable evidences have been found that age, income, education level, and city dwelling are the most effective variables to estimate water values. In addition, a monotonous water development project and a myopic view could cause major dejection across the nation and may lead to the failure of water governance. Unfortunately, the latter may be observed in Korea as one of the reasons for the recent amplification of major conflicts.
Applying a Simple Analytical Solution to Modelling Wind-Driven Coastal Upwelling of Two-Layered Fluid at the Head of Tokyo Bay, Japan
Authors: Zhu Zhongfan , Bai Xiaomei , Dou Jie , Hei Pengfei
Published: September 2017

Blue tides at the head of Tokyo Bay are a hydro-environmental phenomenon where seawater appears to be milky blue because of the reflection of the sunlight off surface water containing large amounts of sulphur particles. Its appearance is due to the coastal upwelling of bottom oxygen-depleted water induced by northeasterly wind-driven circulation. Blue tides cause the death of many shellfish and other aquatic animals across the head of Tokyo Bay and consequently result in substantial economic losses to coastal fisheries. This paper examines the occurrence of wind-driven blue tides in Tokyo Bay, based on a simplified hydrodynamic model and observational analysis. The model assumed a two-layer structure with a wind-driven upper layer and an oxygen-depleted lower layer. In this study, we derived a simple analytical solution to determine a critical wind condition for which the lower layer outcrops at the surface if the wind forcing is sufficiently strong, resulting in the mixing of the two layers and giving rise to blue tide. The results of sensitivity analyses of the analytical solution to all incorporated factors were found to be in accordance with a qualitative understanding of the blue tide phenomenon. More importantly, comparisons of observational data with real cases of blue tide during 1978–2016 and without blue tide during 2003–2016 suggested that this analytical solution was mostly valid. This study would be helpful for gaining a better understanding of the hydro-dynamical mechanism of blue tide.
Measurements of Displacements and Deformations and Reliability
Analysis of Base Transceiver Station (BTS) Made of Steel
Authors: Skrzypczak Izabela , Oleniacz Grzegorz , Leń Przemysław , Mika Monika
Published: September 2017

Safety and reliability of BaseTransceiver Station (BTS) in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM)
should be provided not only at the design stage and construction work, but also during the service. The technical conditions
and safety of building structures is also dependent on the determination of geometric deviation of the entire structure
and its individual components. This should be referred to the recommendations of code limits. The geodetic measurements
of displacements and deformations of objects are extremely important to evaluate the stability and security of
the structure and its maintenance. Steel trusses or concrete columns must meet the requirements of building standards
and instructions as well as the standard requirements for the deviation limits during the construction phase and operational
work. The primary and overarching objective of inventory of BTS is to ensure that the safety of the service and
the users is fulfilled. The investigation of the reliability of BTS towers by determining the reliability index value using
First Order Reliability Method (FORM) recommended in Eurocode 0 will be perfomed. The values of reliability index
will be defined for the serviceability limit.
Struve Geodetic Arc – the Decade in the World Heritage List
Authors: Urbanas Saulius , Parseliunas Eimuntas Kazimieras , Viskontas Povilas , Puziene Ruta , Buga Arunas , Anikeniene Asta , Gecyte Silvija , Jakubauskiene Edita
Published: September 2017

Unique scientific project unifying scientitsts of present modern countries: Norway, Sweden, Finland, Estonia,
Latvia, Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Moldova, Russia was carried out in the first half of the 19th century. Results obtained
for the mentioned period were very accurate especialy considering the size of the project and instruments used
for the measurements.
Network of triangulation of 2820 km lenght running from Danube mouth till Arctic Ocean also called Struve Geodetic
Arc was built and measured in 1816–1852. That was the longest and most accurate measured meridian arc in 19th
century which measurements data were used during the century for computing and improving parameters of the Earth
elipsoid.
Geodetic points of Struve Geodetic Arc were listed to the World Heritage List in 2005. Three points located in
Meškonys, Paliepiukai and Gireišiai were commemorated in Lithuania. The Coordinating Committee of Struve Geodetic
Arc was created for colaboration, spreading information for wider public, exchange of the best practice for preservation
of Struve Geodetic Arc points. Practice, experience and problems related to the World Heritage List objects preservation
are presented and analyzed in this publication.
Subjective Breakdown Points of R-estimators Applied
in Deformation Analysis
Authors: Wyszkowska Patrycja , Duchnowski Robert
Published: September 2017

This paper presents practical aspect of the breakdown point theory in deformation analysis by applying R-estimators.
The main aim of the paper is to determine impact of the probability of positive (or negative) gross errors and the number of
such errors on the value of breakdown point of the estimates applied. Authors consider two types of networks: a levelling
network and a horizontal one. Calculations are made for two cases, namely when observations are affected by gross errors in
both measurement epochs or only in the second epoch. The main results are based on the Monte Carlo method, which is a very
useful tool to solve such a geodetic problem. The simulations show that the breakdown point depends on the probability of
positive gross errors but also on the number of epochs in which the gross errors occur. This is especially vivid in the case of
levelling networks. Another interesting finding is that even if the number of gross errors exceeds the breakdown point, we can
still get reasonable results; however, not always. Thus, the paper shows the probabilities that the method breaks down for
several different cases. The paper includes some numerical tests, which provided practical information about the subjective
breakdown points and their importance for R-estimates applied in deformation analysis.
Analysis of A Practical Application of Geodetic Methods of Robust
Estimation in a Vessel Positioning Based on Radar Observations
Authors: Zienkiewicz Marek Hubert , Czaplewski Krzysztof
Published: September 2017

This paper analyses whether the application of robust estimation methods can prevent incorrect vessel positioning,
thereby improving navigation safety. Empirical analyses were carried out assuming that the observational
vector y comprises observations acquired from coastal radar stations operating within the “VTS Gdańsk Bay” system.
Particular attention was paid to a situation in which one of observations has a gross error. Numerical tests were
carried out considering several variants of the number of redundant observations. Since the significance of the subject
matter in this study arises from the dynamism of position changes of a measurement item, measurements cannot be
repeated at the same position. For the same reason, it is very important to choose the optimum method of working out
the observations. The results of the robust adjustment of radar observations were compared with the results of the
conventional least squares method.
Iron Isotopic Compositions of Troilite (FeS) Inclusions from Iron Meteorites
Authors: Cook David L. , Schönbächler Maria
Published: September 2017

We report non-mass-dependent Fe isotopic data for troilite (FeS) inclusions from 10 iron meteorites, representing both non-magmatic (IAB) and magmatic groups (IIAB, IIIAB, IVA). No resolvable variations are present in the most neutron-rich isotope (58Fe), but small deficits (≈−0.1 ε) in 56Fe were observed in several inclusions. With the exception of several Ca–Al-rich inclusions in primitive meteorites, these are the first reported non-mass-dependent variations in Fe isotopes for material formed in the early solar system. Nucleosynthetic variations in Ni isotopes were previously reported in these same samples. The effects in Fe isotopes are not correlated with those in Ni, which suggests that the origins of the isotopic variations are decoupled from one another. The 56Fe deficits may represent incomplete mixing of the precursor dust in the protoplanetary disk. Alternatively, a parent body process (e.g., irradiation by galactic cosmic rays) may have modified the Fe isotopic compositions of some inclusions, which initially had homogeneous Fe isotopic compositions.
An XMM-Newton Study of the Mixed-morphology Supernova Remnant G346.6-0.2
Authors: Auchettl Katie , Ng C-Y. , Wong B. T. T. , Lopez Laura , Slane Patrick
Published: September 2017

We present an X-ray imaging and spectroscopic study of the molecular cloud interacting mixed-morphology supernova remnant G346.6–0.2 using XMM-Newton. The X-ray spectrum of the remnant is well described by a recombining plasma that most likely arises from adiabatic cooling and has subsolar abundances of Mg, Si, and S. Our fits also suggest the presence of either an additional power-law component with a photon index of ∼2 or an additional thermal component with a temperature of ∼2.0 keV. We investigate the possible origin of this component and suggest that it could arise from either the Galactic ridge X-ray emission, an unidentified pulsar wind nebula, or X-ray synchrotron emission from high-energy particles accelerated at the shock. However, deeper, high-resolution observations of this object are needed to shed light on the presence and origin of this feature. Based on its morphology, its Galactic latitude, the density of the surrounding environment, and its association with a dense molecular cloud, G346.6–0.2 most likely arises from a massive progenitor that underwent core collapse.
A Map of the Local Velocity Substructure in the Milky Way Disk
Authors: Pearl Alan N. , Newberg Heidi Jo , Carlin Jeffrey L. , Smith R. Fiona
Published: September 2017

We confirm, quantify, and provide a table of the coherent velocity substructure of the Milky Way disk within 2 kpc of the Sun toward the Galactic anticenter, with a 0.2 kpc resolution. We use the radial velocities of ∼340,000 F-type stars obtained with the Guoshoujing Telescope (also known as the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fiber Spectroscopic Telescope, LAMOST), and proper motions derived from the PPMXL catalog. The PPMXL proper motions have been corrected to remove systematic errors by subtracting the average proper motions of galaxies and QSOs that have been confirmed in the LAMOST spectroscopic survey, and that are within 2.°5 of the star’s position. We provide the resulting table of systematic offsets derived from the PPMXL proper motion measurements of extragalactic objects identified in the LAMOST spectroscopic survey. Using the corrected phase-space stellar sample, we find statistically significant deviations in the bulk disk velocity of 20 km s−1 or more in the three-dimensional velocities of Galactic disk stars. The bulk velocity varies significantly over length scales of half a kiloparsec or less. The rotation velocity of the disk increases by 20 km s−1 from the Sun’s position to 1.5 kpc outside the solar circle. Disk stars in the second quadrant, within 1 kpc of the Sun, are moving radially toward the Galactic center and vertically toward a point a few tenths of a kiloparsec above the Galactic plane; looking down on the disk, the stars appear to move in a circular streaming motion with a radius of the order of 1 kpc.
Lyα Absorption at Transits of HD 209458b: A Comparative Study of Various Mechanisms Under Different Conditions
Authors: Khodachenko M. L. , Shaikhislamov I. F. , Lammer H. , Kislyakova K. G. , Fossati L. , Johnstone C. P. , Arkhypov O. V. , Berezutsky A. G. , Miroshnichenko I. B. , Posukh V. G.
Published: September 2017

To shed more light on the nature of the observed Lyα absorption during transits of HD 209458b and to quantify the major mechanisms responsible for the production of fast hydrogen atoms (the so-called energetic neutral atoms, ENAs) around the planet, 2D hydrodynamic multifluid modeling of the expanding planetary upper atmosphere, which is driven by stellar XUV, and its interaction with the stellar wind has been performed. The model self-consistently describes the escaping planetary wind, taking into account the generation of ENAs due to particle acceleration by the radiation pressure and by the charge exchange between the stellar wind protons and planetary atoms. The calculations in a wide range of stellar wind parameters and XUV flux values showed that under typical Sun-like star conditions, the amount of generated ENAs is too small, and the observed absorption at the level of 6%–8% can be attributed only to the non-resonant natural line broadening. For lower XUV fluxes, e.g., during the activity minima, the number of planetary atoms that survive photoionization and give rise to ENAs increases, resulting in up to 10%–15% absorption at the blue wing of the Lyα line, caused by resonant thermal line broadening. A similar asymmetric absorption can be seen under the conditions realized during coronal mass ejections, when sufficiently high stellar wind pressure confines the escaping planetary material within a kind of bowshock around the planet. It was found that the radiation pressure in all considered cases has a negligible contribution to the production of ENAs and the corresponding absorption.
L’« art » de la fugue
Authors: Lemercier Élise
Published: September 2017

Cet article étudie la diversité des expériences de « fugues » des jeunes filles prises en charge par la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse à partir d’entretiens de type biographique auprès d’un trentaine de jeunes filles. Il s’agira d’analyser ce que les jeunes filles en disent. Que nomment-elles une « fugue » ? Que disent-elles de ces expériences ? Quelle place occupent ces « fugues » dans leur parcours biographique ? L’article s’intéresse ainsi aux dimensions genrées de l’expérience de la fugue en portant attention à la diversité de leurs expériences juvéniles par une approche multidimensionnelle et dynamique des rapports sociaux.
L’attachement des enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme : proposition d’un modèle modérateur de l’insécurité d’attachement sur les comportements et symptômes perturbateurs
Authors: Lapointe Marilyn
Published: September 2017

L’enjeu de cet article est principalement d’exposer les divergences scientifiques sur la question de l’attachement des enfants présentant un trouble du spectre de l’autisme (TSA). La plupart des études soulignent que ce sont principalement les caractéristiques inhérentes au TSA, les troubles qui lui sont associés ou encore les conséquences de celui-ci sur l’entourage qui engendrent les difficultés liées à l’établissement d’un lien d’attachement sécurisant chez cette population. Bien que la plupart des études mettent en évidence que, malgré leurs difficultés, les enfants présentant un TSA émettent des signaux d’activation de l’attachement envers leurs figures parentales, le désaccord entre les auteurs porte davantage sur la prédominance d’un type d’attachement au sein de cette population. Pour certains, l’insécurité caractérise principalement l’attachement de cette population. Pour d’autres, ce seraient plutôt certains aspects de la qualité du lien d’attachement sécure qui s’avéreraient fortement altérés. Néanmoins, la plupart des auteurs s’entendent sur la présence d’un déficit au niveau du lien d’attachement unissant l’enfant présentant un TSA à son parent. Le présent article se conclut par la proposition d’un modèle de modération de l’insécurité d’attachement sur les comportements et symptômes perturbateurs de l’enfant, percevant ainsi certains des comportements et symptômes de l’enfant comme étant la résultante de troubles relationnels plutôt que d’une pathologie associée (TSA).
« Nul ne saute par-dessus son ombre »
Authors: Monzani Stefano
Published: September 2017

Issue de son expérience personnelle de la guerre et de l’exil, l’œuvre du dramaturge Wajdi Mouawad met en scène des orphelins en défaut d’identité en raison de l’absence de toute inscription filiative et de toute transmission initiale. Chargés de la mission de rétablir l’histoire hautement traumatique de leur famille, certains d’entre eux parviennent, grâce à des tiers, à s’approprier leur vérité historique et à transformer les empreintes de l’héritage négatif pour enfin s’engendrer et assurer la continuité générationnelle.
L’approche intégrative en psychothérapie
Authors: Bachelart Maximilien
Published: September 2017

L’intégration est pertinente comme réflexion à propos des psychothérapies notamment parce qu’elle semble être une clef permettant d’interroger l’écart entre théories et pratiques. Elle permettrait de différencier le praticien-technicien en psychothérapie et le psychothérapeute à proprement parler en interrogeant la place du symptôme et ce que peut faire le clinicien face au sujet en souffrance. En effet, intégrer ne signifie pas se former et déployer tous les outils à disposition face à une « résistance » du symptôme, bien que les formations aux différentes thérapeutiques viennent souvent combler cette angoisse fondamentale du psychothérapeute. Les thérapeutes peuvent être observés sur un continuum partant de la radicalisation quasi identitaire sur des modèles théoriques à une hypertechnicité sans positionnement théorique ou réflexif. L’approche intégrative nous invite à reconsidérer certains présupposés de l’acte psychothérapeutique et nous pensons qu’elle est liée à la question de la rencontre entre un thérapeute et les modélisations thérapeutiques qu’il intègre ainsi que sa manière de les mobiliser en situation clinique.
Assessment and Evaluation Framework with Successful Application in ABET Accreditation
Authors: Damaj Issam , Zaher Ashraf , Yousafzai Jibran
Published: September 2017

The development of reliable and easy-to-deploy assessment plans are a world-wide concern of academic programs. The cultivation of a culture of assessment or engaging in an accreditation effort is dependent on the development of effective assessment frameworks. Examining large variety of sources and using different tools challenge the applicability of assessment plans and can prove to be major hurdles. In this paper, a unified framework is proposed that enables the assessment and evaluation of student outcomes, at the program level, and evaluating student performance as well. The proposed framework identifies a set of courses to be assessed using direct tools. The tools enable measurements of attainment scores at the course learning outcomes, performance indicators, and student outcome levels to create a paradigm for unified assessment. The framework was deployed within a two cycles application and led to a successful accreditation of a computer engineering program by ABET.
FOOD PRODUCTION ON A LIVING WALL: PILOT STUDY
Authors: Nagle Lara , Echols Stuart , Tamminga Ken
Published: September 2017

Living walls and other vertical green infrastructure on building surfaces provide regulating, supporting, and cultural ecosystem services in the built environment. Green walls can also generate food as a provisioning ecosystem service. This article discusses a pilot study monitoring the productivity of a 7.5 m2 outdoor living wall system planted with produce crops during the 2015 summer growing season in State College, Pennsylvania, USA. Irradiance, water usage, and soil moisture data were also collected to assess context and performance of the living wall system during the growing season.
Regional Inequalities in Brazil: Divergent Readings on Their Origin and Public Policy Design
Authors: da Silva Simone Affonso
Published: September 2017

Cet article porte sur la divergence des lectures sur l'origine des inégalités régionales au Brésil, sous l'interprétation de quatre intellectuels: Celso Furtado, Wilson Cano, Francisco de Oliveira et Ruy Moreira. En outre, l'article traite de l'essence des principales politiques créées par le gouvernement fédéral brésilien depuis le milieu du XXe siècle afin d'intervenir sur le plan politique, économique et social dans les dynamiques socio-spatiales au cœur des questions régionales. Dans ce cas, nous mettons en évidence les Pôles de développement, les Axes nationaux d'intégration et de développement et la Politique nationale pour le développement régional. Les lectures et propositions d'intervention dans les questions régionales portent des idéologies et des projets politiques sous-jacents qui sont plus ou moins cohérents avec les objectifs des acteurs hégémoniques au pouvoir ou qui sont appropriés par ceux-ci. Par conséquent, il est essentiel d'élucider l'essence et les implications de ces lectures et propositions d'action concernant la problématique régionale afin de comprendre le rôle des inégalités régionales dans le panorama du développement socio-économique au Brésil.
Les ateliers collaboratifs, un outil de recueil collectif des représentations spatiales ?
Authors: Gueben-Venière Servane
Published: September 2017

Les représentations spatiales sont généralement recueillies de façon individuelle et seule leur analyse, difficile et délicate, permet de faire ressortir éventuellement des représentations sociales - partagées par un groupe social - de l’espace. Mais l’étude des représentations spatiales émanant de plusieurs groupes d’acteurs qui doivent se coordonner, par exemple dans la gestion d’une crise, nécessite de trouver une technique de recueil collectif et simultané de ces représentations. Cet article propose donc d’envisager les ateliers collaboratifs comme telle. Ces derniers ont été expérimentés en juin et juillet 2017 auprès d’acteurs clés directement impliqués dans la gestion d’une crue majeure de la Seine, et montrent les apports des outils géographiques à l’échelle de l’Île-de-France.
À propos du rapport à la raison dans la tradition jaina
Authors: Balbir Nalini
Published: September 2017

Le jaïnisme se définit non en rapport à de quelconques dieux mais en rapport à des êtres humains parfaits parce que, à la suite d’un itinéraire spirituel, ils sont parvenus à l’Omniscience. Ce sont les Jina, qui agissent en maîtres et enseignent d’abord oralement. Cet article explore la manière dont les textes qui résultent de cette transmission, mis par écrit au Ve siècle de notre ère, insistent sur la rationalité de l’enseignement dans le discours qu’ils construisent aussi bien que dans la mise en œuvre. D’autre part, l’autorité des Jina provient non seulement d’une démarche intellectuelle d’analyse et de positionnement face à d’autres doctrines, présentées négativement, mais de l’exemplarité de leur vie. Le recours à des exposés de type rationnel ou à des argumentations n’empêche pas, au bout du compte, la nécessité sans cesse proclamée d’une adhésion à des vues justes, laquelle équivaut à un acte de foi, à un rejet des vues fausses, et ne valorise pas le doute. Cette tension entre foi et raison s’exprime dans le registre des idées mais aussi dans celui des mythes : au nom du bon sens, compris comme une forme de raison, les jaïns fustigent l’héritage légendaire pan-indien pour lui substituer un nouvel édifice qui repose sur leur corps de doctrine.
Scholasticism and Philosophy: on the Relationship between Reason and Revelation in India
Authors: Ratié Isabelle
Published: September 2017

La scolastique médiévale européenne s'est beaucoup préoccupée d'accorder raison et révélation, notamment en cherchant à définir le rapport de subordination de la première à la seconde. De cette tension entre le poids de l’autorité scripturaire et l’aspiration à l’indépendance de l’enquête rationnelle a finalement émergé en Europe un champ philosophique autonome, libéré de toute allégeance à une parole révélée – ou du moins se présentant comme tel – et fustigeant la « méthode scolastique ». En Inde, rien de tel : le champ philosophique est demeuré essentiellement scolastique au sens notamment où la plupart des systèmes philosophiques indiens n’ont pas cessé d’admettre les Écritures (āgama) au rang des moyens de connaissance valide, et bien souvent, d’affirmer leur suprématie sur la raison et l’expérience. Pourtant, de même que la scolastique européenne ne se limite pas à l’image qui s’est imposée d’elle depuis Descartes, le rapport entre autorité scripturaire et enquête rationnelle en Inde est bien plus complexe qu’il n’y paraît au premier abord. C’est avant tout pour défendre la validité de leurs Écritures que différents courants religieux indiens se sont affrontés sur le terrain philosophique ; mais paradoxalement, cette intention apologétique a conduit les champions de ces divers courants à mettre de côté l’autorité de leurs propres Écritures. L’article, qui met en évidence cet étrange processus d’émancipation philosophique né de considérations apologétiques et nourri par celles-ci, compare deux définitions en apparence diamétralement opposées de la relation entre raison et révélation – celle du bouddhiste Dharmakīrti et celle du śivaïte non dualiste Utpaladeva – afin de montrer que si le champ philosophique indien n’a jamais acquis l’autonomie vis-à-vis de tout discours révélé qui a caractérisé la philosophie occidentale à partir du xviie siècle, il s’est développé dans une constante tension créatrice entre acceptation et rejet de l’autorité scripturaire.
Epidote associated with the porphyry Cu-Mo mineralization at the Gibraltar deposit, south-central British Columbia
Authors: Kobylinski C H , Hattori K , Plouffe A , Smith S W
Published: September 2017

The Gibraltar porphyry-copper molybdenum deposit in the Canadian Cordillera is hosted by the late Triassic, Granite Mountain Batholith (GMB). The batholith is tonalitic and composed of quartz, plagioclase and minor hornblende and biotite in various modality. The
rocks in the batholith show phyllic and propylitic alteration. Propylitic alteration (green rock alteration) is characterised by epidote, chlorite, albite, and is extensive throughout the batholith. The name epidote is used in this paper for epidote group minerals which include clinozoisite, epidote
(sensu stricto), allanite, ferriepidote and ferriallanite. Epidote occurs as dissemination, isolated grains, and aggregates, and forms mono-minerallic veins and epidote-bearing veins in the batholith. These veins (>2 cm in width) in the batholith generally strike towards the mineralized
centre. Epidote enclosed by chalcopyrite or pyrite is compositionally homogeneous and Fe-poor, suggesting that Fe is preferentially incorporated into sulphides and that epidote crystallized together with sulphide minerals. Individual grains of epidote in epidote-bearing veins show compositional
zoning with Fe-poor cores and Fe-rich rims. Epidote grains disseminated in the batholith show similar compositional zoning with Fe-poor cores and Fe-rich rims. Allanite and REE-rich epidote are identified in the GMB less than 2 km from mineralization and within the Burgess Creek Stock (10 km from
mineralization). Epidote containing 0.01 -1 wt.% REEs is common in grains forming aggregates throughout GMB. Epidote with high REEs (> 1 wt.% REEs) occurs only in rocks with a bulk composition >70 ppm REEs. Compositional zoning of epidote suggests that the hydrothermal
history of the GMB comprised of early S-rich hydrothermal activity, followed by S-poor barren hydrothermal activity. Epidote in the Nicola volcanics and Cuisson Lake Unit near the GMB is homogeneous and Fe-rich and commonly contains inclusions of apatite and titanite. The contents of REEs in epidote
in the Nicola volcanics are all below the detection limits of SEM (1000 - 5000 ppm) and EPMA (La, 470 ppm; Ce, 380 ppm; Pr, 640 ppm; Nd, 330 ppm).
Les vétérinaires à l’Académie Nationale de Médecine
Authors: Blancher Gabriel
Published: September 2017

Veterinarians in national academy of medicine

Veterinarians were present in the french National Academy of Medicine since the beginning on 20th december 1820. They were five and belonged to the section of Medicine ; on 1829 an independent section was created. It includes at present five members, with one “non résidant” member in addition. There are too nine national and six foreign “correspondants”. Ten times a veterinarian presided over the Academy.

Among the veterinarians members of the Academy we espacially note Henri BOULEY, who presided over the Academy of Sciences after the Academy of Medicine, Edmond NOCARD, clever assistant of PASTEUR, Auguste CHAUVEAU, a pioneer in physiology and functional exploration of the heart, Camille GUERIN, who created BCG vaccine, and Gaston RAMON, who made diphtérie and tetanic anatoxins.

Nowadays, their successors, in the same manner, work in the fields of public health and fundamental research, bringing the precious support of their knowledge in animal diseases.
Lutte contre la fièvre aphteuse : utilisation raisonnée de la vaccination
Authors: Coustel Gerard
Published: September 2017

Foot and mouth disease control measures

Historically, France had implemented, for 1962, a medical-sanitary health policy, using both annual vaccination of all bovine livestock, and in case of outbreak, the stamping out of all animals of vulnerable species. This strategy which has proved to be particularly effective, was abandoned in 1991, in accordance with european regulation, about animal-health reasons and political and economics arguments. The reapparence of foot and mouth disease, in 2001 in Europe, demonstrated the limits of sociological acceptability of a a policy based only on animal-cullings. The perfecting of purified vaccines, with targeted use around the outbreaks, could spare culling of vaccinated animals, in accordance with a new zoo-sanitary international regulation. It could be, with other efficient sanitary measures (control of livestock movements, livestock identification, control of animal feedstuffs, control of imports, destruction of infected herds and preventive cullings) one management among others of a foot and mouth epizootic.
Les Défis de L’utilisation des Tic dans L’enseignement-Apprentissage du Français dans des Universités en Afrique de L’ouest
Authors: Anyika Deborah
Published: September 2017

Cette étude vise à identifier les défis que les enseignants et les apprenants de français dans des établissements universitaires anglophones et francophones de l’Afrique de l’Ouest doivent relever dans leurs efforts d’utiliser les technologies de l’information et de la communication et aussi à dévoiler les raisons pour lesquelles ils hésitent toujours à utiliser lesdits outils pour améliorer la qualité de l’enseignement et de l’apprentissage du français langue seconde et étrangère. L’étude a adopté la méthode de recherche par sondage. Cette étude a pu démontrer entre autres que la plupart d’enseignants et d’apprenants de français en Afrique de l’Ouest manquent la formation requise dans l’utilisation pédagogique des technologies de l’information et de la communication; et qu’ils n’ont pas à leur disposition l’infrastructure de base requise. Donc, la conclusion en est que les gouvernements de la sous-région ouest africaine devraient prendre la question de l’utilisation des technologies de l’information et de la communication plus aux sérieux et mettre tout en oeuvre pour les promouvoir.Mots Clés: Les défis d’utilisation des TIC, enseignementapprentissage du français, universités, français langue seconde et étrangère, Afrique de l’Ouest.
Effect of Painting Series Package on the Performances of Junior Secondary Cultural and Creative Arts in Ogbomoso Nigeria
Authors: Odewumi Michael Olubunmi , Okonkwo Ivan Emeka
Published: September 2017

The study investigated the effect of Painting Series Package on the performance of Junior Secondary School Cultural and Creative Arts in Ogbomoso, Nigeria. Gender influence on the students’ performances was also examined. Sample comprised 60 students drawn purposively from two secondary schools. The researcher’s designed Painting Series Package and Painting Series Performing Test (PASEPET) were used as treatment and Test instruments. Two hypotheses were tested using Analysis of covariance. Finding indicated that there is no significant differences between the performances of students taught with Painting Series Package and those taught using the conventional method. Gender was also not a factor in students’ performance. It was recommended that Painting Series Package should be developed for teaching Cultural and Creative Arts topics within the context of Junior Secondary Schools in NigeriaKey words: Cultural and Creative Arts, Painting Series Package, Gender, Nigeria.
Gains et Pertes en Traduction vus à Travers la Version Anglaise d’une si Longue Lettre de Mariama Bã
Authors: Asadu Oluchukwu Felicia
Published: September 2017

L’activité traduisant est un processus très compliqué qui exige la connaissance extralinguistique chez le traducteur. Ce travail est basé sur la traduction littéraire. La traduction littéraire consistedes textes littéraires que comprennent la poésie, le théâtre, et la prose. La traduction littéraire a quelques problèmes spécifiques par rapport à la traduction des textes scientifiques. Le langage littéraire est connotatifdoué de sens figuratif. La tâche d’un traducteur c’est de traduire le message en tant que tel, de la langue de départ à la langue d’arrivée afin que le lecteur du texte traduit saisisse ce que dit l’auteur. En faisant cette tâchede la langue française à la langue anglaise ou vice versa, nous constatons des phénomènes qui sont les pertes et les gains dans la traduction. Ces phénomènes sont inévitables parce que les deux langues en questions appartiennent à des communautés linguistiques différentes. Dans ce travail nous allons utiliser quelques extraits d’une si longue lettre (So Long a Letter) pour montrer d’où viennent ces phénomènes déjà mentionnés.
Climate Events and Cycles During the Last Glacial–Interglacial Transition
Authors: Lee Eun Hee , Lee Dae-Young , Park Mi-Young
Published: September 2017

During the last glacial–interglacial transition, there were multiple intense climatic events such as the Bølling–Allerød warming and Younger Dryas cooling. These events show abrupt and rapid climatic changes. In this study, the climate events and cycles during this interval are examined through wavelet analysis of Arctic and Antarctic ice-core 18O and tropical marine 14C records. The results show that periods of ~1383–1402, ~1029–1043, ~726–736, ~441–497 and ~202–247 years are dominant in the Arctic region, whereas periods of ~1480, ~765, ~518, ~311, and ~207 years are prominent in the Antarctic TALDICE. In addition, cycles of ~1019, ~515, and ~209 years are distinct in the tropical region. Among these variations, the de Vries cycle of ~202–209 years, correlated with variations in solar activity, was detected globally. In particular, this cycle shows a strong signal in the Antarctic between about 13,000 and 10,500 yr before present (BP). In contrast, the Eddy cycle of ~1019–1043 years was prominent in Greenland and the tropical region, but was not detected in the Antarctic TALDICE records. Instead, these records showed that the Heinrich cycle of ~1480 year was very strong and significant throughout the last glacial–interglacial interval.
Use of electrochemical sensors for measurement of air pollution: correcting interference response and validating measurements
Authors: Cross Eben S. , Williams Leah R. , Lewis David K. , Magoon Gregory R. , Onasch Timothy B. , Kaminsky Michael L. , Worsnop Douglas R. , Jayne John T.
Published: September 2017

Abstract. The environments in which we live, work, and play are subject to enormous variability in air pollutant concentrations. To adequately characterize air quality (AQ), measurements must be fast (real time), scalable, and reliable (with known accuracy, precision, and stability over time). Lower-cost air-quality-sensor technologies offer new opportunities for fast and distributed measurements, but a persistent characterization gap remains when it comes to evaluating sensor performance under realistic environmental sampling conditions. This limits our ability to inform the public about pollution sources and inspire policy makers to address environmental justice issues related to air quality. In this paper, initial results obtained with a recently developed lower-cost air-quality-sensor system are reported. In this project, data were acquired with the ARISense integrated sensor package over a 4.5-month time interval during which the sensor system was co-located with a state-operated (Massachusetts, USA) air quality monitoring station equipped with reference instrumentation measuring the same pollutant species. This paper focuses on validating electrochemical (EC) sensor measurements of CO, NO, NO2, and O3 at an urban neighborhood site with pollutant concentration ranges (parts per billion by volume, ppb; 5 min averages, ±1σ): [CO]  =  231 ± 116 ppb (spanning 84–1706 ppb), [NO]  =  6.1 ± 11.5 ppb (spanning 0–209 ppb), [NO2]  =  11.7 ± 8.3 ppb (spanning 0–71 ppb), and [O3]  =  23.2 ± 12.5 ppb (spanning 0–99 ppb). Through the use of high-dimensional model representation (HDMR), we show that interference effects derived from the variable ambient gas concentration mix and changing environmental conditions over three seasons (sensor flow-cell temperature  =  23.4 ± 8.5 °C, spanning 4.1 to 45.2 °C; and relative humidity  =  50.1 ± 15.3 %, spanning 9.8–79.9 %) can be effectively modeled for the Alphasense CO-B4, NO-B4, NO2-B43F, and Ox-B421 sensors, yielding (5 min average) root mean square errors (RMSE) of 39.2, 4.52, 4.56, and 9.71 ppb, respectively. Our results substantiate the potential for distributed air pollution measurements that could be enabled with these sensors.
Tropospheric products of the second GOP European GNSS reprocessing (1996–2014)
Authors: Dousa Jan , Vaclavovic Pavel , Elias Michal
Published: September 2017

Abstract. In this paper, we present results of the second reprocessing of all data from 1996 to 2014 from all stations in International Association of Geodesy (IAG) Reference Frame Sub-Commission for Europe (EUREF) Permanent Network (EPN) as performed at the Geodetic Observatory Pecný (GOP). While the original goal of this research was to ultimately contribute to the realization of a new European Terrestrial Reference System (ETRS), we also aim to provide a new set of GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) tropospheric parameter time series with possible applications to climate research. To achieve these goals, we improved a strategy to guarantee the continuity of these tropospheric parameters and we prepared several variants of troposphere modelling. We then assessed all solutions in terms of the repeatability of coordinates as an internal evaluation of applied models and strategies and in terms of zenith tropospheric delays (ZTDs) and horizontal gradients with those of the ERA-Interim numerical weather model (NWM) reanalysis. When compared to the GOP Repro1 (first EUREF reprocessing) solution, the results of the GOP Repro2 (second EUREF reprocessing) yielded improvements of approximately 50 and 25 % in the repeatability of the horizontal and vertical components, respectively, and of approximately 9 % in tropospheric parameters. Vertical repeatability was reduced from 4.14 to 3.73 mm when using the VMF1 mapping function, a priori ZHD (zenith hydrostatic delay), and non-tidal atmospheric loading corrections from actual weather data. Raising the elevation cut-off angle from 3 to 7° and then to 10° increased RMS from coordinates' repeatability, which was then confirmed by independently comparing GNSS tropospheric parameters with the NWM reanalysis. The assessment of tropospheric horizontal gradients with respect to the ERA-Interim revealed a strong sensitivity of estimated gradients to the quality of GNSS antenna tracking performance. This impact was demonstrated at the Mallorca station, where gradients systematically grew up to 5 mm during the period between 2003 and 2008, before this behaviour disappeared when the antenna at the station was changed. The impact of processing variants on long-term ZTD trend estimates was assessed at 172 EUREF stations with time series longer than 10 years. The most significant site-specific impact was due to the non-tidal atmospheric loading followed by the impact of changing the elevation cut-off angle from 3 to 10°. The other processing strategy had a very small or negligible impact on estimated trends.