bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Measurement of geologic nitrogen using mass spectrometry, colourimetry, and a newly adapted fluorometry technique
Authors: Johnson Benjamin W. , Drage Natashia , Spence Jody , Hanson Nova , El-Sabaawi Rana , Goldblatt Colin
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Long viewed as a mostly noble, atmospheric species, recent work demonstrates that nitrogen in fact cycles throughout the Earth system, including the atmosphere, biosphere, oceans, and solid Earth. Despite this new-found behaviour, more thorough investigation of N in geologic materials is limited due to its low concentration (1 to 10 s ppm) and difficulty in analysis. In addition, N can exist in multiple species (NO3−, NH4+, N2, organic-N), and determining which species is actually quantified can be difficult. In rocks and minerals, NH4+ is the most stable form of N over geologic time scales. As such, techniques designed to measure NH4+ can be particularly useful. We measured a number of geochemical rock standards using three different techniques: mass spectrometry, colourimetry, and fluorometry. The fluorometry approach is a novel adaptation of a technique commonly used in biologic science, applied herein to geologic NH4+. Briefly, NH4+ can be quantified by HF-dissolution, neutralization, addition of a fluorescing reagent, and analysis on a standard fluorometer. We reproduce published values for several rock standards (BCR-2, BHVO-2, and G-2), especially if an additional distillation step is performed. While it is difficult to assess quality of each method, due to lack of international geologic N standards, fluorometry appears better suited to analyzing mineral-bound NH4+ than mass spectrometry, and is a simpler, quicker alternative to colourimetry. To demonstrate a potential application of fluorometry, we calculated a continental crust N budget based on new measurements. We used glacial tills as a proxy for upper crust and analyzed several poorly constrained rock types (volcanics, mid-crustal xenoliths) to determine that the continental crust contains ∼ 2 × 1018 kg N. This estimate is consistent with recent budget estimates, and shows that fluorometry is appropriate for large-scale questions where high sample throughput is helpful. Lastly, we report the first δ15N values of six rock standards: BCR-2 (1.05 ± 0.4 ‰), BHVO-2 (−0.3 ± 0.2 ‰), G-2 (1.23 ± 1.32 ‰), LKSD-4 (3.59 ± 0.1 ‰), Till-4 (6.33 ± 0.1 ‰), and SY-4 (2.13 ± 0.5 ‰). The need for international geologic N standards is crucial for further investigation of the Earth system N cycle, and we suggest that existing rock standards may be suited to this need.
Process-oriented modelling to identify main drivers of erosion-induced carbon fluxes
Authors: Wilken Florian , Sommer Michael , Van Oost Kristof , Bens Oliver , Fiener Peter
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Over the last few decades, modelling soil erosion and carbon redistribution has received great attention due to large uncertainties and conflicting results. For a process-oriented representation of event dynamics, coupled soil-carbon erosion models have been developed. However, there are currently few models that represent tillage erosion, preferential water erosion and transport of different carbon fractions (e.g. mineral bound carbon, carbon encapsulated by soil aggregates). We couple a process-oriented multi-class sediment transport model with a carbon turnover model (MCST-C) to identify relevant redistribution processes for carbon dynamics. The model is applied for two arable catchments (3.7 and 7.8 ha) located in the Tertiary hills about 40 km north of Munich, Germany. Our findings indicate the following: (i) Redistribution by tillage has a large effect on erosion-induced vertical carbon fluxes and has a large carbon sequestration potential. (ii) Water erosion has a minor effect on vertical fluxes, but episodic SOC delivery controls the long-term erosion-induced carbon balance. (iii) Delivered sediments are highly enriched in SOC compared to their parent material, and sediment delivery is driven by event size and catchment connectivity. (iv) Soil aggregation enhances SOC deposition due to the transformation of highly mobile carbon rich fine primary particles into rather immobile soil aggregates.
A crítica musical e o rock brasileiro nas páginas da revista Pop (1972-1979)
Authors: Scherner de Oliveira Cassiano Francisco
Published: November 2016

A revista Pop foi editada entre os anos de 1972 até 1979. Neste artigo traçamos um perfil da revista destacando as críticas publicadas sobre o rock brasileiro. Mais precisamente, focamos no suplemento Hit-Pop, no qual as referidas críticas eram publicadas.
Immersion of strongly Brownian filtrations with honest time avoiding stopping times
Authors: Bouaka Aicha , Kandouci Abdeldjebbar
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we give a partial answer to the following question: if $\mathbb{F}\hookrightarrow\mathbb{G}\hookrightarrow\mathbb{H}$ (where the symbol ($\hookrightarrow$) indicates the immersion property), $\mathbb{F}$ and $\mathbb{H}$ are two strongly Brownian filtrations, is $\mathbb{G}$ also a strongly Brownian filtration ?\\We prove that $\mathbb{G}$ is weakly Brownian in the case of progressive enlargement of $\mathbb{F}$ with an honest time $\tau$ that avoids all stopping times.
Some fixed point results in probabilistic Menger space
Authors: Shams Maryam , Jafari Shahnaz
Published: November 2016

In this paper, we define the concept of α − β-contractive mapping in probabilistic Menger space and prove some fixed point theorems for such mapping. Some examples are given to support the obtained results.
An Analysis of the Reasons of Internal Migration in Turkey with Logit Method
Authors: Yüksel Serhat , Eroğlu Suat , Özsarı Mustafa
Published: November 2016

Internal migration refers to the situation in which people prefer to live in another city of the country because of the problems such as social, cultural and economic in the city they live. It was accepted that internal migration leads to some problems as imbalances in population distribution, irregular urbanization and unemployment in urban area. Owing to this situation, many countries try to take action so as to prevent this problem. Similar to this issue, the aim of this study is to determine influencing factors of internal migration in Turkey. Within this context, annual data of 81 cities for the period between 2008 and 2015 was used in this study. In addition to this aspect, panel logit method was used in order to achieve this objective. According to the results of the analysis, it was identified that high divorce rate is an important factor of internal migration in Turkey. Moreover, it was also determined that there is a positive relationship between this variable and internal migration. In addition to these variables, Turkish people prefer to migrate from the cities that have high suicide rate. While taking into the consideration of this issue, it was recommended that Turkey should focus on social problems in the cities to minimize the problem of the migration.
The Mitigation of Transient Poverty: Agenda-Setting Discourse in the Formulation Process of the Policy of Poverty Alleviation in Indonesia
Authors: Santoso Djonet , Suwitri Sri , Setyoko Paulus Israwan , Zauhar Soesilo
Published: November 2016

As a population group with income and/or expenditure that is alarmingly close to the poverty line, the position of transient poor can be very unstable. They are in a constant vulnerability of falling under the poverty line with every critical situation that arises, which are affected by disasters, social conflicts, termination of employment, and/or changes in public policy especially in the economic sector. Up to 2015, poverty alleviation programs in Indonesia is divided into four clusters: social protection, community empowerment, small scale credit, and pro-poor supported program. Strangely, there is not a single clause in any of the four clusters that elaborates the policy schemes that addressed to the transient poor. The research is aimed to triangulate the position of transient poor groups in the poverty alleviation policy framework. Additionally, this research is also aimed to clarify the agenda-setting process in the formulation of poverty alleviation policy that neglects the transient poverty issues mitigation. The methodology used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Two major findings can be derived as the conclusions from the research. Firstly, the position of transient poor population is not included in the poverty alleviation policy scheme. The existing policy alleviation scheme does not accommodate the needs and tailored approach to cater to transient poor population. Secondly, the oversight to catering to transient poor population starts even from the agenda-setting in policy formulation processes. This is seen from the fact that transient poverty issues are not exposed to the problem stream, policy stream, and political stream that utilizes policy window to discuss transient poor issues throughout the agenda-setting.
Cuidades Inteligentes
Authors: Palma Raúl , Milla Nelson , Cárdenas Antonio
Published: November 2016

No hay resumen disponible
Application of prediction models of asian soybean rust in two crop seasons, in Londrina, Pr
Authors: Igarashi Wagner Teigi , França José Alexandre de , Silva Marcelo Augusto de Aguiar e , Igarashi Seiji , Abi Saab Otávio Jorge Grigoli
Published: November 2016

Predictive models of Asian soybean rust have been described by researchers to estimate favorable responses to epidemics. The prediction strategies are based on weather data obtained during period when initial symptoms of the disease are observed. Therefore, this study will evaluate the application of two prediction models of Asian soybean rust, and compare the results from two harvest seasons. The experiments were carried out during the 2011/2012 and 2012/2013 seasons in Londrina, PR. “SIGA spore traps” were installed to monitor the presence of Phakopsora pachyrhizi uredospores, and “Electronic trees,” to collect data on weather variables. Following the detection of the first urediniospores, incidence and disease severity were assessed and compared with the predictions made by the models. The model described by Reis et al. (2004) did not indicate conditions favorable for the development of the first rust lesions following the detection of the first urediniospores during the 2011/2012 season. The premonitory symptoms of rust in the first and second harvest seasons were observed only when the model of Reis et al. (2004) indicated SDVPI close to 15 units. The model of Del Ponte et al. (2006b) overestimated the final rust severity during the two seasons.
Effect of follicular diameter, time of first cleavage and H3K4 methylation on embryo production rates of Bos indicus cattle
Authors: Lunardelli Paula Alvares , Marinho Luciana Simões Rafagnin , Rosa Camila Oliveira , Alfieri Amauri Alcindo , Seneda Marcelo Marcondes
Published: November 2016

This study aimed investigate the relationship between epigenetics, follicular diameter and cleavage speed, by evaluating the developmental potential and occurence of H3K4 monomethylation of early-, intermediate- and late-cleaving Bos indicus embryos from in vitro fertilized oocytes originating from follicles up to 2 mm in diameter or between 4 and 8 mm in diameter. Oocytes (n = 699) from small follicles (? 2 mm) and 639 oocytes from large follicles (4-8 mm) were punched from 1,982 Bos indicus’ slaughterhouse ovaries. After maturation and in vitro fertilization (IVF), the cultured embryos were separated into early (? 28 h post-IVF), intermediate (> 28 h and ? 34 h post-IVF) and late (> 34 h and ? 54 h post-IVF) cleavage groups. Blastocysts were subjected to an immunofluorescence assessment for H3K4me investigation. The blastocyst rate for large follicles (36.3%) was higher than that for small follicles (22.9%, P < 0.05). In addition, blastocyst rates for early and intermediate cleavage groups (45.3% and 33.8%, respectively) were higher than that for late cleavage group (13.5%, P < 0.05). The blastocysts from all groups displayed H3K4me staining by immunofluorescence, particularly intense in what seemed to be trophectoderm cells and weak or absent in cells seemingly from the inner cell mass. For the first time for indicus embryos, data from this study demonstrate that higher blastocyst embryo rates are obtained from embryos that cleave within 34 h after fertilization and from those produced from follicles of 4-8 mm in diameter, indicating a greater ability of these embryos to develop to the stage of embryonic preimplantation. This is the first article demonstrating the occurrence of H3K4me in cattle embryos; its presence in all the evaluated blastocysts suggests that this histone modification plays a key role in maintaining embryo viability at preimplantation stage.
Root system and resistance to penetration of Mombaça grass fertilized with nitrogen and irrigated
Authors: Beloni Tatiane , Piotto Vanessa Cristina , Mari Gracielle Caroline , Pinheiro Alyson Andrade , Tormena Cassio Antonio , Cecato Ulysses
Published: November 2016

High stocking rates in intensive pasture-based animal production systems may compromise the development of the forage roots due to increased resistance in the surface layer. This study tested the hypothesis that an increase in stocking rate resulting from different levels of nitrogen fertilization in irrigated Mombaça grass (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Mombaça) pasture under intermittent grazing could increase resistance to penetration and consequently the growth of the root system. A split-plot design with randomized blocks and subplots was used, including three replications and the following four treatments: 0, 200, 400 and 800 kg N ha?1 year. Evaluations performed in spring, summer and fall seasons were assigned as subplots. The highest values for area, diameter, length and percentage of root biomass (91.4%) were concentrated at the 0-10 cm soil depth, which is explained by the lower penetration resistance in this layer. Increased stocking rate resulting from increased levels of nitrogen in the Mombaça grass sward does not directly affect the penetration resistance of the soil or root characteristics. However, in the rainy season, higher nitrogen levels lead to increased resistance, as they provide higher cumulative stocking rates in this period.
In vitro kinetic parameters of marandu palisadegrass associated with nonfiber carbohydrates
Authors: Carvalho Perivaldo , Cabral Luciano Da Silva , Paula Nelcino Francisco de , Oliveira Isis Scatolin de , Pacheco Rodrigo Dias Lauritano , Ferro Mariane Moreno , Behling Neto Arthur , Macedo Bruna Gomes , Bianchi Isabela Eloisa , Camargo Karine Dallavecchia
Published: November 2016

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different levels (0, 10, 20 and 30%) of starch or glucose associated with marandu palisadegrass (Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu) on its kinetic parameters and fiber digestion by the in vitro gas production technique. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design, with four treatments and six replications for each energy source. The marandu palisadegrass associated with nonfiber carbohydrate levels was incubated in 120 ml bottles, with McDougall buffer and rumen fluid from two rumen-cannulated sheep. Readings were taken of gas pressure within the bottle, and two vials were removed at 24, 48 and 96 hours (h) to assess residual neutral detergent fiber (NDF). The one-pool logistic model was used to estimate the kinetic parameters for pure forage and forage associated with starch, however it was necessary to use the two-pools model when glucose was added. Each 1% of added starch promoted a linear increase in total gas production of 0.2254 ml and a decrease in lag time of 0.2451 h, but did not affect the digestion rate. Glucose levels had a quadratic effect on digestion rate and lag time, with a minimum estimated value for digestion rate of 0.01689 h-1 at a glucose level of 10.07% and a minimum lag time of zero. Starch levels caused a linear reduction in NDF digestion of 0.296% only at 24 h, while glucose levels linearly reduced the NDF digestion in all evaluated times (0.3269, 0.4171 and 0.2340% at 24, 48 and 96 h, respectively). Glucose levels promoted different effects on the in vitro gas production kinetic parameters of marandu palisadegrass compared to starch supplementation, highlighting the prolonged negative effects on NDF digestion.
Forage production in a natural grassland with limestone and phosphorus dosages
Authors: Prestes Nelson Eduardo , Amarante Cassandro Vidal Talamini do , Pinto Cassiano Eduardo , Prestes Gabriel , Zanini Guilherme Doneda , Medeiros-Neto Cauby , Sbrissia André Fischer
Published: November 2016

The objective of this study was to assess forage production in a natural grassland by applying different doses of limestone and phosphorus, and the influence of these applications on soil profile. The treatments consisted of the application of limestone doses of 0.0, 7.2, and 14.4 t ha-1 and phosphorus doses of 0,35, 70, and 140 kg of P2O5 ha-1 on the soil surface. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split-plots and three replications. The limestone doses were distributed in the main plot and applied only at the beginning of the experiment, whereas the phosphorus doses were distributed in the subplots with subsequent annual maintenance applications. Was used a ruler (cm) for monitoring the growth of pastures and, when grasses reached an average height of 20 cm, forage samples were collected in each subplot and botanical and morphological components were separated and dried until a constant weight was achieved. In the third and fourth assessment years, soil samples were collected in the 0-5, 5-10, 10-15, and 15-20-cm layers to evaluate the influence of treatments on the chemical properties of the soil. The variables analyzed were related to the production of several components, including fodder, native grasses, leguminous plants, unwanted plants, and dead material, in addition to soil properties such as pH, exchangeable aluminum concentration, and base saturation. There was no interaction between the limestone and phosphorus treatments. The effect of limestone doses on forage production was assessed in the third year, and, in the following year, the intermediate dose of limestone (7.2 t ha-1) produced the highest yield (2,316.1 kg of dry matter [DM] of forage ha-1). The increase in phosphorus doses increased forage production in the second year, and reached yields of up to 2,232 Kg DM ha-1 in the fourth year. In summary, the production of natural pastures was enhanced by the application of 25% of the recommended dose of limestone (7.2 t ha-1), and by the application of 50% of the recommended dose of phosphorus (70 kg P2O5 ha-1). The increase in limestone doses directly affected the chemical properties of the soil by decreasing acidity and exchangeable aluminum, and increasing base saturation, even in deeper layers (0-20 cm). The increase in phosphorus doses did not increase the mobility of this nutrient in the deeper layers of the soil (10-20 cm), and the effects were restricted to a depth of up to 10 cm.
Supplementation of beef cattle grazing Brachiariabrizantha during the dry and rainy seasons: performance and carcass ultrasound prediction
Authors: Guerra Geisi Loures , Mizubuti Ivone Yurika , Ribeiro Edson Luis de Azambuja , Prado-Calixto Odimári Pricila , Silva Leandro Das Dores Ferreira da , Pereira Elzânia Sales , Massaro Junior Fernando Luiz , Guerra Antonio Loures , Fernandes Júnior Francisco , Henz Éderson Luis
Published: November 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of genetic group, sex and level of protein-energy supplementation on the performance and carcass traitsultrasound prediction of weaned calves Nellore and crossbred animals ½ Nellore x ½ Aberdeen Angus. A completely randomized design in a factorial 2x2x2, were used, with two levels of protein-energy supplementation, two sex and two genetic groups. Fifty-six animals were used (28 Nellore and 28 crossbred ½ Nellore x ½ Aberdeen Angus), equally divided between males and females, maintained on grazing Brachiariabrizanthacv. Marandu and evaluated in three experimental periods: period 1 = protein-energy supplementation in the dry season; period 2 = protein-energy supplementation during the rainy season; period 3 = only mineral supplementation. In the dry season, they were supplemented with levels of 0.5 and 1% of body weight (BW) and in the rainy season with 0 and 1% BW. Dry matter intake (kg day-1, % BW, g kgBW0.75-1) was estimated. In vivo ultrasound measurements of carcass were: loin eye area (LEA), fat thickness (FT) and rump fat thickness (RFT). There was influence of genetic group and protein-energy supplementation levels on average daily gain (ADG) of animals in period 1 and 2 (P < 0.05). Sex affected the ADG only in period 2, and the males had 754 gday-1 and females, 582 g day-1. There was no interaction of genetic group x sex x supplementation level. At the end of the experimental period (end of period 3), it was found that male animals and crossbred animals ½ Nellore x ½ Aberdeen Angus had higher ADG (716 and 748 g day-1, respectively). The values of dry matter intake (DMI) were influenced by genetic group and sex, in all periods, verifying highest intake in crossbred animals ½ Nellore x ½ Aberdeen Angus, with better feed conversion for crossbred animals. Regarding ultrasound measurements taken on the carcass, the influence of sex on FT and RFT, it was observed, and the males showed higher values, 3.24 and 4.62 mm, respectively. LEA was influenced by protein-energy supplementation levels in the second period, herein animals receiving 1% of BW, showed higher values (56.04 cm2) than those receiving 0.5% of BW supplement (48.38 cm2). The use of protein-energy supplementation with 0.5% of BW in the dry season and 1% of BW in the rainy season, the best results of performance and contributes to larger loin eye area.
Factors Influencing the Success of ERP System Implementation in the Public Sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain
Authors: Bukamal Omar Mohamed , Abu Wadi Rami Mohammad
Published: November 2016

This study aims empirically to analyze the critical factors that impact the success of ERP system implementation in the public sector in the Kingdom of Bahrain and to clarify the benefits gained from the implementation. The study used a detailed questionnaire as a measuring instrument across the sample group to measure two main variables, the first being critical success factors (CSFs), and the second whether ERP implementation was successful or not. The CSFs are top management commitment and support, ERP system matching organization, business process re-engineering, vendor support, and training users.
Those factors found to have a significant impact on ERP system implementation and the results illuminate the high level of success in implementing ERP systems. While simultaneously demonstrating that an organization with a functioning ERP system does not achieve the desired benefits by default, but rather the organization requires certain Critical Success Factors (CSFs) to be present and in effect for those benefits to be achieved.
Personality Assessments in Architects’ Offices: An Empirical Investigation of the Relationship between Personality Types, Forms and Productivity in Office Interior
Authors: Poursafar Zahra , Rodrigues Lewlyn L.R , Devi Rama
Published: November 2016

Purpose; this is an empirical research, concerned with the relationship between Personality types and Form of the Furniture, with the productivity consideration. The outcome does not emphasize the interactional processes among employees; it will establish a link between Psychology, Architecture and Productivity.Methodology; the primary data for the survey was collected from a self-administered questionnaire from 202 employees through the online survey and hard copy. The survey study was conducted to the employees of the Architect’s office in Iran and India.Result; the study revealed that Personality types in Architects’ offices has a significant influence on the employees’ preferences regarding Form of the Furniture, but it had not impacted on their Productivity. Besides, Form selections in these offices had a significant influence on the employees’ Productivity.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (Bevacizumab) Therapy Reduces Hypertrophic Scar Formation in a Rabbit Ear Wounding Model
Authors: Kwak Do Hoon , Bae Tae Hui , Kim Woo Seob , Kim Han Koo
Published: November 2016

Background Hypertrophic scarring is a pathological condition that occurs after trauma or surgery. Angiogenesis occurs more often with hypertrophic scarring than with normotrophic scarring. The regulation of angiogenesis is one of the key factors in hypertrophic scar management. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an essential factor in the angiogenetic response. This study investigated whether decreasing the level of VEGF is effective for treating hypertrophic scarring.

Methods Ten 8-week-old female New Zealand white rabbits were included. Four defects were created on each ear by using a 6-mm punch. Bevacizumab (Avastin, Roche Pharma, Basel, Switzerland) was administered in one ear and normal saline was administered in the other ear. Treatment was administered starting on day 2, every 2 days, until day 14. The levels of VEGF were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on day 10 and histologic results were analyzed on day 40.

Results Bevacizumab induced-defects showed less hypertrophic scarring when compared with the control group as measured by the scar elevation index (SEI) and loose collagen arrangement. The SEI in the experimental group was 1.89±0.13, compared to 1.99±0.13 in the control group (n=30, P=0.005). Additionally, the VEGF level was lower (38.72±11.03 pg vs. 82.50±21.64 pg, n=10, P=0.001) and fewer vessels existed (8.58±0.76 vs. 7.2±1.20, n=10, P=0.007).

Conclusions Preventing excessive angiogenesis is effective for preventing scar formation, especially with hypertrophic scarring. Although it is not an approach that is sufficient alone for the management of scarring, it may be one of several important strategies for scar treatment.
Correction of Congenital Auricular Deformities Using the Ear-Molding Technique
Authors: Woo Taeyong , Kim Young Seok , Roh Tai Suk , Lew Dae Hyun , Yun In Sik
Published: November 2016

Background Studies of the ear-molding technique have emphasized the importance of initiating molding early to achieve the best results. In the present study, we describe the immediate effects and long-term outcomes of this technique, focusing on children who were older than the ideal age of treatment initiation.

Methods Patients who visited our institution from July 2014 to November 2015 were included. Medical charts were reviewed to collect data on demographics, the duration of treatment, the types of deformities, and the manner of recognition of the deformity and referral to our institution. Parents were surveyed to assess the degree of improvement, the level of procedural discomfort at the end of treatment, any changes in the shape of the molded auricle, and overall satisfaction 12 months after their last follow-up visits.

Results A review of 28 ears in 18 patients was conducted, including the following types of deformities: constricted ear (64.2%), Stahl ear (21.4%), prominent ear (7.1%), and cryptotia (7.1%). The average score for the degree of improvement, rated on a 5-point scale (1, very poor; 5, excellent), was 3.5 at the end of treatment, with a score of 2.6 for procedural discomfort (1, very mild; 5, very severe). After 12 months, the shapes of all ears were well maintained. The average overall satisfaction score was 3.6 (1, very dissatisfied; 5, very satisfied).

Conclusions We had reasonable outcomes in older patients. After 1 year of follow-up, these outcomes were well maintained. Patients past the ideal age at presentation can still be candidates for the molding technique.
The Effect of Sterile Acellular Dermal Matrix Use on Complication Rates in Implant-Based Immediate Breast Reconstructions
Authors: Lee Jun Ho , Park Youngsoo , Choi Kyoung Wook , Chung Kyu-Jin , Kim Tae Gon , Kim Yong-Ha
Published: November 2016

Background The use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) in implant-based immediate breast reconstruction has been increasing. The current ADMs available for breast reconstruction are offered as aseptic or sterile. No published studies have compared aseptic and sterile ADM in implant-based immediate breast reconstruction. The authors performed a retrospective study to evaluate the outcomes of aseptic versus sterile ADM in implant-based immediate breast reconstruction.

Methods Implant-based immediate breast reconstructions with ADM conducted between April 2013 and January 2016 were included. The patients were divided into 2 groups: the aseptic ADM (AlloDerm) group and the sterile ADM (MegaDerm) group. Archived records were reviewed for demographic data and postoperative complication types and frequencies. The complications included were infection, flap necrosis, capsular contracture, seroma, hematoma, and explantation for any cause.

Results Twenty patients were reconstructed with aseptic ADM, and 68 patients with sterile ADM. Rates of infection (15.0% vs. 10.3%), flap necrosis (5.0% vs. 7.4%), capsular contracture (20.0% vs. 14.7%), seroma (10.0% vs. 14.7%), hematoma (0% vs. 1.5%), and explantation (10.0% vs. 8.8%) were not significantly different in the 2 groups.

Conclusions Sterile ADM did not provide better results regarding infectious complications than aseptic ADM in implant-based immediate breast reconstruction.
Microsurgical Training using Reusable Human Vessels from Discarded Tissues in Lymph Node Dissection
Authors: Ishii Naohiro , Kiuchi Tomoki , Oji Tomito , Kishi Kazuo
Published: November 2016

The use of human vessels at the beginning of microsurgery training is highly recommended. But vessels with the appropriate length for training are not often obtained. Whether these vessels may be reused for training has not been reported. Accordingly, we harvested vessels from discarded tissues in lymph node dissection and demonstrated that vascular anastomosis training using the same human vessels several times is possible by placing the vessels in a freezer and defrosting them with hot water. Vascular walls can be stored for microsurgical training until about 4 years after harvest, as shown in the gross appearance and histologic findings of our preserved vessels. We recommend the technique presented here for the longterm reuse of human vessels for microsurgery training that closely resembles real procedures.
VALUE OF SHIPWRECK DATA IN DATABASES
Authors: Craig Jennifer
Published: November 2016

Shipwrecks are valuable archaeological sites that can contribute enormous amounts of information to Social/Natural Sciences and Humanities. This paper discusses how data from shipwreck sites can expand a multidisciplinary database. Their value is highlighted with examples of shipwrecks in Southeast Asia and their contribution to an ongoing database project at McGill University’s Indian Ocean World Center.
Mechanism of cargo-directed Atg8 conjugation during selective autophagy
Authors: Fracchiolla Dorotea , Sawa-Makarska Justyna , Zens Bettina , Ruiter Anita de , Zaffagnini Gabriele , Brezovich Andrea , Romanov Julia , Runggatscher Kathrin , Kraft Claudine , Zagrovic Bojan , Martens Sascha
Published: November 2016

Selective autophagy is mediated by cargo receptors that link the cargo to the isolation membrane via interactions with Atg8 proteins. Atg8 proteins are localized to the membrane in an ubiquitin-like conjugation reaction, but how this conjugation is coupled to the presence of the cargo is unclear. Here we show that the S. cerevisiae Atg19, Atg34 and the human p62, Optineurin and NDP52 cargo receptors interact with the E3-like enzyme Atg12~Atg5-Atg16, which stimulates Atg8 conjugation. The interaction of Atg19 with the Atg12~Atg5-Atg16 complex is mediated by its Atg8-interacting motifs (AIMs). We identify the AIM-binding sites in the Atg5 subunit and mutation of these sites impairs selective autophagy. In a reconstituted system the recruitment of the E3 to the prApe1 cargo is sufficient to drive accumulation of conjugated Atg8 at the cargo. The interaction of the Atg12~Atg5-Atg16 complex and Atg8 with Atg19 is mutually exclusive, which may confer directionality to the system.
Fetal and neonatal hematopoietic progenitors are functionally and transcriptionally resistant to Flt3-ITD mutations
Authors: Porter Shaina N , Cluster Andrew S , Yang Wei , Busken Kelsey A , Patel Riddhi M , Ryoo Jiyeon , Magee Jeffrey A
Published: November 2016

The FLT3 Internal Tandem Duplication (FLT3ITD) mutation is common in adult acute myeloid leukemia (AML) but rare in early childhood AML. It is not clear why this difference occurs. Here we show that Flt3ITD and cooperating Flt3ITD/Runx1 mutations cause hematopoietic stem cell depletion and myeloid progenitor expansion during adult but not fetal stages of murine development. In adult progenitors, FLT3ITD simultaneously induces self-renewal and myeloid commitment programs via STAT5-dependent and STAT5-independent mechanisms, respectively. While FLT3ITD can activate STAT5 signal transduction prior to birth, this signaling does not alter gene expression until hematopoietic progenitors transition from fetal to adult transcriptional states. Cooperative interactions between Flt3ITD and Runx1 mutations are also blunted in fetal/neonatal progenitors. Fetal/neonatal progenitors may therefore be protected from leukemic transformation because they are not competent to express FLT3ITD target genes. Changes in the transcriptional states of developing hematopoietic progenitors may generally shape the mutation spectra of human leukemias.
Exon junction complex proteins bind nascent transcripts independently of pre-mRNA splicing in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Choudhury Subhendu Roy , Singh Anand K , McLeod Tina , Blanchette Marco , Jang Boyun , Badenhorst Paul , Kanhere Aditi , Brogna Saverio
Published: November 2016

Although it is currently understood that the exon junction complex (EJC) is recruited on spliced mRNA by a specific interaction between its central protein, eIF4AIII, and splicing factor CWC22, we found that eIF4AIII and the other EJC core proteins Y14 and MAGO bind the nascent transcripts of not only intron-containing but also intronless genes on Drosophila polytene chromosomes. Additionally, Y14 ChIP-seq demonstrates that association with transcribed genes is also splicing-independent in Drosophila S2 cells. The association of the EJC proteins with nascent transcripts does not require CWC22 and that of Y14 and MAGO is independent of eIF4AIII. We also show that eIF4AIII associates with both polysomal and monosomal RNA in S2 cell extracts, whereas Y14 and MAGO fractionate separately. Cumulatively, our data indicate a global role of eIF4AIII in gene expression, which would be independent of Y14 and MAGO, splicing, and of the EJC, as currently understood.
Revisão sistemática dos efeitos de substâncias naturais com ação antioxidante no tratamento da injúria de reperfusão após isquemia
Authors: Miguel dos Santos Rodrigo , Lauton Santos Sandra
Published: November 2016

Introdução: doenças isquêmicas do coração, especialmente, o infarto agudo do miocárdio, são as principais causas de morte no mundo,
tanto em países desenvolvidos como em desenvolvimento. Objetivo: através de uma revisão sistemática, analisar o desempenho de
extrato de plantas, com atividade antioxidante comprovada, sobre a lesão do miocárdio induzida pela reperfusão após a isquemia.
Metodologia: a busca bibliográfica foi realizada na base de dados eletrônica Medline, em setembro de 2015. Dos 28 estudos inicialmente
identificados, 18 atenderam aos critérios de inclusão. Resultados: Estes estudos encontraram melhora na função cardíaca, aumento na
atividade de enzimas antioxidantes, e, consequentemente, redução dos danos oxidativos, além de redução da área infartada. Conclusão:
os produtos naturais derivados de plantas que possuem capacidade antioxidante exercem efeito cardioprotetor, seja com tratamento
crônico ou agudo, sobre o miocárdio e que são necessárias mais pesquisas que abordem diferentes dosagens no tratamento.
Perfil epidemiológico e atitudinal de saúde bucal de gestantes assistidas em um Ambulatório Docente Assistencial em Salvador, BA
Authors: Medrado Alena Peixoto , Nunes Maiana Mendes , Santos Monah Sampaio , Lessa Vanessa Vasconcelos
Published: November 2016

Introdução: Este trabalho traçou o perfil epidemiológico e atitudinal de gestantes assistidas no Ambulatório Docente Assistencial –
ADAB, da Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, em Salvador, BA, entre 2013 e 2014. Objetivo: Conhecer a condição gengival
das gestantes e avaliar seus conhecimentos sobre as alterações bucais, sobre verdades e mitos relacionados à saúde bucal e ao
atendimento odontológico durante a gravidez e, suas atitudes frente à higiene bucal. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo do tipo
transversal qualiquantitativo. Exame clínico bucal e entrevista oral foram realizados com uma população de 17 gestantes. A amostra
contou com mulheres entre o 1º e 9º mês de gestação, com idades entre 17 e 36 anos. Resultados: Foram observadas alterações
gengivais, a exemplo de sangramento durante a escovação e gengiva edemaciada, sendo que 76,5% das gestantes apresentaram
Índice Gengival > 10% e 88,3% apresentaram Índice de Placa > 20%. Constatou-se um baixo nível de conhecimento em relação aos
procedimentos odontológicos que podem ser realizados durante a gravidez e, confirmou-se a relação entre crenças populares e
gestação que afastam as gestantes do tratamento odontológico. Conclusão: Neste estudo, verificou-se a necessidade da adoção de
medidas educativo-preventivas, com enfoque na orientação e motivação das gestantes, bem como desmistificar o acompanhamento
odontológico durante o pré-natal.
Options for re-establishing river continuity, with an emphasis on the special solution “fish lift”: examples from Austria.
Authors: Schletterer Martin , Reindl Robert , Thonhauser Stefan
Published: November 2016

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) became a major tool in European water policy. All the member states had to develop River Basin Management Plans (RBMPs). Austria’s first National Water Resource Management Plan was published in 2009 and describes measures to be set. Depending on the catchment size, ecological targets were defined on water body level, to be reached by 2015, 2021 or 2027. A priority goal is the re-establishment of river continuity. Therefore the Austrian Federal Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry, Environment and Water Management published a “Guideline for the construction of fish passes” in 2012.

We provide an overview on measures to re-establish river continuity that were recently planned or already established at the Inn catchment, a major tributary to the upper Danube River. Planning principles as well as details from the construction phase and monitoring concepts as well as first results are presented.

Founded in 1924 TIWAG started its business with the construction of the HPP Achensee, at the time one of Europe’s largest storage facilities. Since then TIWAG expanded its expertise on engineering, constructing and operating hydro power plants in Tyrol. In the first river basin management cycle at three hydropower plants, located in the“priority river network” (HPP Langkampfen, HPP Kirchbichl and HPP Imst - the latter with the weir Runserau and the water intake at Wenns), measures had to be developed to overcome discontinuity. During planning phase it was tried to apply “standard solutions” according to the Austrian guideline. This was possible for three sites, where we planned vertical slot fish passes in combination with natural bypass channels. To enable upstream migration at the weir Runserau, different alternatives were evaluated, but it was not possible to use a “standard solution”. A  review about existing fish lifts was the basis for a promising solution. The chosen design combines a conventional fish migration facility (vertical slot) with a fish lift. Linked together those facilities are offering new, additional possibilities. The characteristics of this new concept and its advantages are presented.
Discovery and biological characterization of potent myeloid cell leukemia‐1 inhibitors
Authors: Lee Taekyu , Bian Zhiguo , Zhao Bin , Hogdal Leah J. , Sensintaffar John L. , Goodwin Craig M. , Belmar Johannes , Shaw Subrata , Tarr James C. , Veerasamy Nagarathanam , Matulis Shannon M. , Koss Brian , Fischer Melissa A. , Arnold Allison L. , Camper DeMarco V. , Browning Carrie F. , Rossanese Olivia W. , Budhraja Amit , Opferman Joseph , Boise Lawrence H. , Savona Michael R. , Letai Anthony , Olejniczak Edward T. , Fesik Stephen W.
Published: November 2016

Myeloid cell leukemia 1 (Mcl‐1) is an antiapoptotic member of the Bcl‐2 family of proteins that when overexpressed is associated with high tumor grade, poor survival, and resistance to chemotherapy. Mcl‐1 is amplified in many human cancers, and knockdown of Mcl‐1 using RNAi can lead to apoptosis. Thus, Mcl‐1 is a promising cancer target. Here, we describe the discovery of picomolar Mcl‐1 inhibitors that cause caspase activation, mitochondrial depolarization, and selective growth inhibition. These compounds represent valuable tools to study the role of Mcl‐1 in cancer and serve as useful starting points for the discovery of clinically useful Mcl‐1 inhibitors.

PDB ID codes

Comp. 2: 5IEZ; Comp. 5: 5IF4.
Identification of a rhodanese‐like protein involved in thiouridine biosynthesis in Thermus thermophilus tRNA
Authors: Shigi Naoki , Asai Shin‐ichi , Watanabe Kimitsuna
Published: November 2016

Incorporation of a sulfur atom into 2‐thioribothymidine (s2T or 5‐methyl‐2‐thiouridine) at position 54 in thermophile tRNA is accomplished by an elaborate system composed of many proteins which confers thermostability to the translation system. We identified ttuD (tRNA‐two‐thiouridine D) as a gene for the synthesis of s2T54 in Thermus thermophilus. The rhodanese‐like protein TtuD enhances the activity of cysteine desulfurases and receives the persulfide generated by cysteine desulfurases in vitro. TtuD also enhances the formation of thiocarboxylated TtuB, the sulfur donor for the tRNA sulfurtransferase TtuA. Since cysteine desulfurases are the first enzymes in the synthesis of s2T and other sulfur‐containing compounds, TtuD has a role to direct sulfur flow to s2T synthesis.
Oligomeric form of C‐terminal‐binding protein coactivates NeuroD1‐mediated transcription
Authors: Ray Subir K. , Li Hui J. , Leiter Andrew B.
Published: November 2016

The mechanism underlying transcriptional coactivation by the corepressor C‐terminal‐binding protein (CtBP) is not established. We previously found that CtBP co‐occupies several actively transcribed endocrine genes with the transcription factor NeuroD1 to paradoxically increase transcription by recruiting KDM1A and CoREST. While the importance of the oligomeric form of CtBP for corepression is well established, the role of oligomerization in transcriptional coactivation has received little attention. Here, we examined the importance of the oligomeric state of CtBP for coactivation of NeuroD1‐dependent transcription by expressing a CtBP dimerization mutant in cells depleted of endogenous CtBP. Dimerization mutants failed to increase transcription or to associate with KDM1A and CoREST, suggesting that oligomeric, but not monomeric CtBP is required to recruit other proteins needed to activate transcription.
T‐phase and tsunami pressure waveforms recorded by near‐source IMS water‐column hydrophone triplets during the 2015 Chile earthquake
Authors: Matsumoto H. , Haralabus G. , Zampolli M. , Özel N. M.
Published: November 2016

Underwater acoustic signal waveforms recorded during the 2015 Chile earthquake (Mw 8.3) by the hydrophones of hydroacoustic station HA03, located at the Juan Fernandez Islands, are analyzed. HA03 is part of the Comprehensive Nuclear‐Test‐Ban Treaty International Monitoring System. The interest in the particular data set stems from the fact that HA03 is located only approximately 700 km SW from the epicenter of the earthquake. This makes it possible to study aspects of the signal associated with the tsunamigenic earthquake, which would be more difficult to detect had the hydrophones been located far from the source. The analysis shows that the direction of arrival of the T phase can be estimated by means of a three‐step preprocessing technique which circumvents spatial aliasing caused by the hydrophone spacing, the latter being large compared to the wavelength. Following this preprocessing step, standard frequency‐wave number analysis (F‐K analysis) can accurately estimate back azimuth and slowness of T‐phase signals. The data analysis also shows that the dispersive tsunami signals can be identified by the water‐column hydrophones at the time when the tsunami surface gravity wave reaches the station.
Relative contributions of weather systems to mean and extreme global precipitation
Authors: Utsumi Nobuyuki , Kim Hyungjun , Kanae Shinjiro , Oki Taikan
Published: November 2016

This study presents the first global estimates of the relative contributions of different weather systems, i.e., tropical cyclone, center and front of extratropical cyclone, and others, to mean and extreme precipitation. An objective method of classification of the precipitating weather systems was used with a reanalysis data set and a satellite‐based precipitation product for 2001–2010. Tropical cyclones, extratropical cyclones with associated fronts, and other weather systems contribute about 4%, 37%, and 59%, respectively, of the global (60°S–60°N) mean precipitation. The relative contributions of the weather systems were found to be different both in terms of the different classes of precipitation intensity and in terms of the different temporal scales of precipitation. Tropical cyclones and extratropical cyclones produced greater contributions to extreme hourly precipitation than to annual precipitation in most of the oceanic regions of their activity. The contributions of tropical cyclones to extreme precipitation showed clear peaks on temporal scales of 24–72 h. The contributions of extratropical cyclones showed less dependence on the temporal scale than tropical cyclones. Consideration of combinations of multiple weather systems revealed that in eastern North America and East Asia, substantial portions (22% and 19%, respectively) of the extreme 24 h precipitation related to tropical cyclones are contributed by the coexistence of tropical cyclones and fronts. However, such contributions were found rarely in other land regions. On most temporal scales, fronts at locations remote from the centers of extratropical cyclones were found to contribute to extreme precipitation as much as the centers of extratropical cyclones.
Global distribution and properties of continuing current in lightning
Authors: Bitzer Phillip M.
Published: November 2016

Continuing current is a process in lightning in which the current in a conducting channel can flow for much longer than in a typical lightning discharge. The phenomenon can be characterized by the continuous optical emission that accompanies the current flow. Using the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS), lightning with continuing current is identified on a global scale. Lightning that contains optical emission over at least five consecutive LIS frames, roughly 7–9 ms, are classified as continuing current flashes. This differs from typical lightning discharges that produce optical emission for one or two consecutive frames. Of the flashes detected by LIS, 11.2% contain continuing current. These flashes optically radiate over a larger footprint and have a longer duration than ones that do not. The spatial distribution of these flashes indicates that regions of high lightning activity may not be correlated with a high likelihood of continuing current flashes. Further, oceanic and winter lightning are shown to have a higher proportion of continuing current flashes. Finally, 25–40% of flashes identified by LIS to have continuing current have only an intracloud pulse detected by the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN), with no cloud‐to‐ground strokes detected.