bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing epithelial‐mesenchymal transition
Authors: Wang Jingyi , Chen Dandan , Song Wangzhao , Liu Zhiyong , Ma Wenjuan , Li Xiaofeng , Zhang Chao , Wang Xin , Wang Yalei , Yang Ye , Cao Wenfeng , Qi Lisha
Published: December 2019

ATP6L, the C subunit of the V‐ATPase V0 domain, is involved in regulating the acidic tumor micro‐environment and may promote tumor progression. However, the expression and functional role of ATP6L in tumors have not yet been well explored. In this study, we found that ATP6L protein overexpression was related to colorectal cancer histological differentiation (P < 0.001), presence of metastasis (P < 0.001) and recurrence (P = 0.02). ATP6L expression in the liver metastatic foci was higher than in the primary foci (P = 0.04). ATP6L expression was notably concomitant with epithelial‐mesenchymal transition (EMT) immunohistochemical features, such as reduced expression of the epithelial marker E‐cadherin (P = 0.021) and increased expression of the mesenchymal marker vimentin (P = 0.004). Results of in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that ATP6L expression could alter cell morphology, regulate EMT‐associated protein expression, and enhance migration and invasion. The effect of ATP6L on metastasis was further demonstrated in a tail vein injection mice model. In addition, the mouse xenograft model showed that ATP6L‐overexpressing HCT116 cells grew into larger tumor masses, showed less necrosis and formed more micro‐vessels than the control cells. Taken together, our results suggest that ATP6L promotes metastasis of colorectal cancer by inducing EMT and angiogenesis, and is a potential target for tumor therapy.
Purpose‐driven improvisation during organisational shocks: case narrative of three critical organisations and Typhoon Haiyan
Authors: Villar Eula Bianca , Miralles Francesc
Published: December 2019

Disasters often produce elements of shock that may render pre‐established plans for action limited or otherwise inapplicable to the current situation. Improvisation is considered to be a common response among organisations that operate in such turbulent environments. Despite the prevalence of such plans for action, existing research is reticent with regard to the processes concerning how improvisation relates to pre‐established organisational goals. This study explores how improvisation can be employed by organisations to attain specific objectives, amidst the emergent nature of the initiative. Using case study narratives of three small organisations that were critical to the response after Typhoon Haiyan struck Leyte, Philippines, in November 2013, the paper demonstrates that improvisation can be absorbed as a conscious mechanism that can aid the attainment of pre‐established goals. Furthermore, it conceptualises the buffering effect of improvisation to elucidate the process via which it purposefully directs an organisation to preserve and fulfil its aims.
Beware of the LASP! A structure with thrombogenic potential
Authors: Ohanyan Anush , Cuminetti Giovanni , Morissens Marielle
Published: December 2019

The left atrial septal pouch (LASP) is a recently identified anatomical variant of the interatrial septum. It is the result of the incomplete fusion of septum primum and septum secundum and defined as a recessus communicating with the left atrium without interatrial shunt. Such anatomical feature has been suspected representing a potential thrombogenic source, but its actual role as risk factor for cryptogenic stroke still remains unclear. In this case report, we show two distinct thrombotic masses emerging from the LASP and its related areas.
Postinfarction intramyocardial dissection, an interesting case report and systematic review
Authors: Hajsadeghi Shokoufeh , Amirfarhangi Abdollah , Pakbaz Marziyeh , Pazoki Mahboubeh , Tanha Kiarash
Published: December 2019

Intramyocardial dissection (IMD) with ventricular septal rupture (VSR) following myocardial infarction (MI) is a rare subacute form of cardiac rupture. The evidence available in this regard is scarce. We aimed to share our experience and conduct a systematic review of previous cases. We searched the literature and performed a systematic review of previous cases. A total of 37 cases of IMD with VSR were included (1 our original and 36 literature cases). Mean age was 68 ± 8 years and 20 (54.1%) patients were male. Anterior and inferior MI were observed in 14 (37.8%) and 23 (62.2%) cases, respectively. The dissected area was the septum, RV, both septum and RV, or LV apex in 21 (56.8%), 9 (24.3%), 5 (13.5%), and 2 (5.4%), respectively. Apicoseptal and inferoseptal VSR were observed in 15 (40.5%) and 22 (59.5%) cases, respectively. At least one occluded artery was observed in 29 (90.6%) of cases. Reperfusion therapy was done for 15 (40.5%) cases before the VSR occurred. Surgery, percutaneous, and medical therapy were done for 26 (70.3%), 3 (8.1%), and 7 (18.9%) cases, respectively. The mortality rate was significantly higher in the medical versus surgical‐treated group (85.7% versus 42.3%, P = .027). There was a trend to higher mortality in the group with dissection of both septum and RV (P = .15). We concluded that echocardiography has a critical role in diagnosing this complication. Surgery is mandatory in IMD with VSR.
Restructuring Interreligious Dialogue from the Bottom Up through the Lenses of Deep Solidarity and the Multitude
Authors: Rieger Joerg
Published: December 2019

Social movements and liberation theologies have addressed various forms of oppression and exploitation along the lines of gender, sexuality, race, ethnicity, class, and other factors, not without tensions. What might bring them closer together without erasing differences? Addressing this question has important implications for fresh approaches to interreligious dialogue. In this contribution, notions of deep solidarity and of the multitude point the way toward restructured interreligious engagements.
Race, Power, and Privilege
Authors: Colwell Peter
Published: December 2019

This article identifies some of the developing context of interfaith relations within the ecumenical movement in the United Kingdom, where there has been a seismic shift in the national political debate that is now dominated by the decision, following a referendum, to leave the European Union. It argues that interfaith relations has lost much of its radical focus upon justice and become focused upon initiatives of social cohesion, mutual understanding, and celebration of difference, rather than addressing some of the deeper issues of justice and racism and the consequences of Britain’s colonial history, much of which has re‐emerged as a result of Brexit. This is of critical importance given the rise in hate crime, particularly anti‐Semitism and Islamophobia.
Religion, Statelessness, and Belonging
Authors: Weissman Debbie
Published: December 2019

Before 1948, and stretching back more than 1800 years, the Jewish people suffered all the problems of statelessness. The Zionist movement, 1897–1948, strove to end the condition of Jewish exile and statelessness. The great historical irony and tragedy is that the establishment of the State of Israel brought about the Nakba, the catastrophe, of the Palestinian people. Both the Israelis and the Palestinians see themselves as the victims of the conflict. They seem to be competitors in what I call a “suffering sweepstakes.” One of the problems with victimhood is that it prevents victims from assuming responsibility for their actions, including the victimization of others. In the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, both sides are victims and both sides are victimizers. The least helpful thing people can do – and regrettably many well‐meaning people do this – is to portray the situation in terms of a zero‐sum game, in which, if you’re pro‐Palestinian, you must be anti‐Israeli, and vice versa. We must be both pro‐Palestinian and pro‐Israeli, because we are pro‐people and, therefore, pro‐peace. The achievement of peace necessitates a two‐state solution based on some recognition of the two narratives. The best fulfilment of Zionism will come when there is a Palestinian state alongside the State of Israel.
Revisiting the Antecedents of Interreligious Dialogue
Authors: Swamy Muthuraj
Published: December 2019

This article looks critically at the trend to connect contemporary interreligious dialogue with certain events and developments that took place in Europe and India during the 19th and early 20th centuries: (i) the comparative study of religion, (ii) the 1893 World Parliament of Religions in Chicago, (iii) three World Missionary Conferences in the first half of the 20th century, (iv) renascent Hinduism in India, and (v) Indian Christian efforts for inculturation. These events/developments are often perceived as the formative factors of dialogue. But this essay argues that they had their own complexities, agendas, and targets and rarely had interreligious dialogue as their objective or focus. Uncritical reading of the history of interreligious dialogue ignores how colonialism and imperialism have shaped these “antecedents.”
A Plea for Internormative Ethics
Authors: Robra Martin
Published: December 2019

Plurality of life forms and value systems is a given (almost) everywhere on earth. Imposing on them a value system or individual values and virtues from an exterior position is rather counterproductive. Value systems are normative for individual communities but not the same. They are to relate to each other and to interact, negotiating with each other common goals and the validity and limits of values involved in their relationships and shared action. Anything else leads to tensions and violence. Internormative ethics reflect on such interaction of value systems.
Shifting Boundaries of Membership: The politicisation of free movement as a challenge for EU citizenship
Authors: Seubert Sandra
Published: December 2019

This article discusses freedom of movement under the lens of shifting boundaries of membership and traces the tension between the political and the economic rationale of European integration. It first reflects on the normativity of free movement and links it to the foundations of modern democratic citizenship. Subsequently, it discusses the role of free movement in the construction of EU citizenship and argues that the genesis in market integration casts a long shadow which hinders EU citizenship's potential to fully display the logic of political and social equality. Under current conditions of huge wealth discrepancies between member states, the prevailing form of horizontal integration necessarily brings about a tension between mobility and solidarity, which in turn creates a barrier for further developing EU citizenship. It is concluded that strengthening an intra‐European dimension of solidarity is needed in order to substantiate the right to move as an equal European citizenship right.
The biotic interactions hypothesis partially explains bird species turnover along a lowland Neotropical precipitation gradient
Authors: Gomez Juan Pablo , Ponciano José Miguel , Londoño Gustavo A. , Robinson Scott K.
Published: December 2019

Aim

We evaluated the influence of climate on the structure of bird communities along precipitation gradients. We hypothesize that mechanisms responsible for community turnover along precipitation gradients are similar to mechanisms operating along temperature and latitudinal gradients. We tested the hypothesis that environmental conditions affect community composition in dry forests, whereas biotic interactions affect community composition in wet forests.

Location

Low‐elevation forests along a precipitation gradient in Colombia where precipitation ranges from 700–4,000 mm annually but elevation and temperature remain constant.

Time period

Present day.

Major taxa studied

Neotropical forest birds.

Methods

We sampled at 291 points in nine study areas (localities) across the c. 3,000‐mm precipitation range. In each locality, we obtained climatic characteristics and phylogenetic, morphological and physiological proxy data to test predictions about the evolutionary relationships and distribution of traits.

Results

Bird communities changed abruptly along the precipitation gradient and differed between dry and wet forests. Analyses of phylogenetic relationships, trait space, and observations at nests suggested that environmental filtering is more important in dry than in wet forests, especially for breeding. In contrast, we found little evidence that competition was more important in wet than in dry forests. Nest predation or competition for nest space, however, may be more critical in wetter forests.

Conclusions

The two distinct bird communities we documented suggest that lowland precipitation gradients, across which temperature is constant, can be as important as temperature gradients in generating high beta diversity. We conclude that breeding in bird communities might be crucial for determining community assembly along environmental gradients. Given that recent population declines in tropical birds have been attributed to changes in precipitation, by understanding the mechanisms underlying community assembly along precipitation gradients our study may improve our ability to understand those declines and predict the effects of climate change on Neotropical avifauna.
Lentiform fork sign: Uremia alone or multifactorial causation?
Authors: Jaryal Ajay , Thakur Suresh , Pathania Joginder Singh , Vikrant Sanjay , Kumar Dinesh , Verma Lokesh
Published: December 2019

Neurological complications are common in patients with acute or chronic renal failure, especially when there is marked reduction in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). One such clinical syndrome, uremic encephalopathy (UE), occurs due to widespread dysfunction of central nervous system (CNS). It manifests with myriad clinical features and usually is suggested by bedside elicitation of asterixis (flapping tremor). Symptomatic involvement of the basal ganglia manifesting as choreoathetosis and clinical and radiological resolution with hemodialysis has been reported in the medical literature, but only rarely. The present report details such a case.
Increased proportion of functional subpopulations in circulating regulatory T cells in patients with chronic hepatitis B
Authors: Liu Chen , Xu Lijuan , Xia Changsheng , Long Yan , Liu Caoyi , Lu Songsong , Song Ying
Published: December 2019

Aim

This study was designed to investigate the levels of circulating regulatory T cells (Tregs), and their functional subpopulations and related cytokines in chronic hepatitis B patients (CHB) and inactive hepatitis B surface antigen carriers.

Methods

The peripheral blood of 24 hepatitis B virus inactive carriers, 26 CHB patients, and 34 healthy controls was collected and analyzed by flow cytometry for Tregs and CD4+CXCR5+FoxP3+ follicular regulatory T cells. Interleukin (IL)‐10, transforming growth factor‐β, and IL‐21 levels in plasma were determined by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Proportions of functional Treg subpopulations were analyzed by staining of Helios, CD45RA and FoxP3, TIGIT, and CD226, and the correlations between Treg subsets and clinical indicators were explored.

Results

CD4+FoxP3+ levels in the peripheral blood of CHB patients were significantly increased, and the inhibitory ability of Tregs in CHB patients for cytokine secretion was stronger, and CD4+CXCR5+FoxP3+ follicular Tregs were also significantly higher than inactive carriers and healthy controls. Transforming growth factor‐β and IL‐10 in the plasma of CHB patients were significantly higher than those of healthy controls, with IL‐21 levels not significantly changed. Circulating CD4+CXCR5‐FoxP3+ Treg cells in CHB patients were positively correlated with hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis B e antigen, and hepatitis B virus DNA. The proportions of Helios+FoxP3+, CD45RA–FoxP3hi, and CD226–TIGIT+ functional subpopulations in CD4+CXCR5–FoxP3+ Tregs in CHB patients were significantly increased, and they were significantly correlated with clinical indicators.

Conclusions

Circulating Tregs in CHB patients not only have elevated levels, but their follicular Treg subpopulations are also increased, and Tregs tend to have stronger immunosuppressive functions.
Gut microbiota in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol‐related liver disease: Current concepts and perspectives
Authors: Arab Juan P. , Arrese Marco , Shah Vijay H.
Published: December 2019

The term, gut–liver axis, is used to highlight the close anatomical and functional relationship between the intestine and the liver. It has been increasingly recognized that the gut–liver axis plays an essential role in the development and progression of liver disease. In particular, in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol‐related liver disease, the two most common causes of chronic liver disease, a dysbiotic gut microbiota can influence intestinal permeability, allowing some pathogens or bacteria‐derived factors from the gut reaching the liver through the enterohepatic circulation contributing to liver injury, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis progression. Pathways involved are multiple, including changes in bile acid metabolism, intestinal ethanol production, generation of short‐chain fatty acids, and other by‐products. Bile acids act through dedicated bile acid receptors, farnesoid X receptor and TGR5, in both the ileum and the liver, influencing lipid metabolism, inflammation, and fibrogenesis. Currently, both non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol‐related liver disease lack effective therapies, and therapeutic targeting of gut microbiota and bile acids enterohepatic circulation holds promise. In this review, we summarize current knowledge about the role of gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease and alcohol‐related liver disease, as well as the relevance of microbiota or bile acid‐based approaches in the management of those liver diseases.
PD‐L1 expression and infiltration by CD4+ and FoxP3+ T cells are increased in Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma and indicate poor prognosis
Authors: Lee Hyun J , Shin Dong H , Lee Yeon J , Lee So J , Hwang Chung S , Kim Ahrong , Park Won Y , Lee Jung H , Choi Kyung U , Kim Jee Y , Lee Chang H , Sol Mee Y , Park Sung W
Published: December 2019

Aims

Interaction between programmed death‐1 ligand (PD‐L1) and its receptor programmed death 1 (PD‐1) on T cells inactivates antitumour immune responses. PD‐L1 expression has been associated with poor prognosis in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and predicts adverse outcome. This study was designed to evaluate the impact of PD‐L1 expression and the immune microenvironment on the clinical outcome in Xp11 translocation renal cell carcinoma (TRCC) and, therefore, their potential relevance as prognostic biomarkers.

Methods and results

The present retrospective analysis investigated expression of PD‐L1 and immune cells CD8, CD4, CD3, forkhead box protein 3 (FoxP3) and PD‐1 in TRCC compared to other types of RCC. FFPE specimens were collected between 2011 and 2017 from 311 patients who underwent nephrectomy at our institution for RCC. Specimens were immunostained for PD‐L1, CD8, CD4, CD3, FoxP3 and PD‐1, and an outcome analysis was conducted. PD‐L1 expression rate was highest in TRCC (68%, 16 of 25), followed by mucinous tubular and spindle cell RCC and collecting duct carcinoma (33%, one of three), papillary RCC (27%, seven of 26), clear cell RCC (16%, 29 of 233), chromophobe RCC (11%, two of 18) and multilocular cystic RCC (0%, none of three). In TRCC, PD‐L1 expression was associated with poor recurrence‐free survival (RFS) (P = 0.041). The CD4high and FoxP3high groups showed a significantly shorter RFS (P = 0.05 and P = 0.031, respectively) compared to CD4low and FOXPlow groups.

Conclusion

PD‐L1 expression was higher in TRCC than in other types of RCC. High PD‐L1 tumour cell expression and tumour infiltration by CD4+ and FoxP3+ immune cells were associated with poor RFS in TRCC.
Statin‐induced dermatomyositis for the practicing dermatologist: a review of the literature
Authors: Visconti Michael J. , Bashyam Arjun M. , Jorizzo Joseph L.
Published: December 2019

Statins cause a spectrum of muscle‐related adverse events, including autoimmune myopathies such as dermatomyositis (DM). This review aims to describe the events of statin‐induced DM and amyopathic dermatomyositis (ADM) to increase awareness for practicing dermatologists about harmful interactions with the most commonly prescribed lipid‐lowering medication. PubMed was searched for relevant literature related to statin‐induced DM and ADM. Numerous cases of statin‐induced DM have been reported in individuals with no history of DM or other autoimmune conditions. Statins also cause ADM, although this is a rare association. Because of the widespread use of statins worldwide for atherosclerotic disease prevention, it may be of benefit to practicing dermatologists and all clinicians to assess for a history of DM when prescribing statins and inquire if patients with a DM‐like presentation are taking or have taken a statin medication.
The Leeds hand transplant programme: Review of the laboratory management of the first six cases
Authors: Clark Brendan , Carter Clive , Wilks Daniel J. , Lobb Mark , Hughes Pamela , Baker Richard , Kay Simon P. J.
Published: December 2019

The UK hand transplantation programme is hosted by the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Leeds Teaching Hospitals under the leadership of Professor Simon Kay. Since programme launch in 2013, ten procedures in six individuals have been performed involving unilateral or bilateral transplants. The multi‐disciplinary team that delivers the programme includes the transplant immunology service. The laboratory experience in programme support is reported here.
Innate immunity to malaria—The role of monocytes
Authors: Dobbs Katherine R. , Crabtree Juliet N. , Dent Arlene E.
Published: December 2019

Monocytes are innate immune cells essential for host protection against malaria. Upon activation, monocytes function to help reduce parasite burden through phagocytosis, cytokine production, and antigen presentation. However, monocytes have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of severe disease through production of damaging inflammatory cytokines, resulting in systemic inflammation and vascular dysfunction. Understanding the molecular pathways influencing the balance between protection and pathology is critical. In this review, we discuss recent data regarding the role of monocytes in human malaria, including studies of innate sensing of the parasite, immunometabolism, and innate immune training. Knowledge gained from these studies may guide rational development of novel antimalarial therapies and inform vaccine development.
Developing a strategic model of participation in policy development for nurses
Authors: Wichaikhum O. , Abhicharttibutra K. , Nantsupawat A. , Kowitlawakul Y. , Kunaviktikul W.
Published: December 2019

Aim

To develop a strategic model of participation in policy development for nurses in Thailand.

Background

Public health policies inevitably affect nursing practice, service delivery and the nursing workforce. Available evidence indicates that nurses have minimal participation in policy development.

Introduction

Nurses’ participation in public health policy development is essential to developing and maintaining an efficient, high‐quality healthcare system.

Methods

The Delphi method was used to develop the strategic model based on the input of fifteen nurse experts who were interviewed over three Delphi rounds. Data were analysed descriptively to identify items to be retained or dropped, and the final list of statements was verified by all participants to establish the strategic model of participation.

Findings

The strategic model contains twenty‐five participation strategies for nurses wishing to engage with public health policy development. Within the model, the priorities as identified by clinical nurses, nurse leaders, nurse researchers and scholars, nursing educational institutions and nursing professional organizations are acknowledged.

Conclusion

The model represents a consensus of values related to policy participation by nurses and the results align with similar studies. The inclusion of different nursing groups in promoting and developing strategies to participate in policy development ensures that all nurses have a role to play in developing nursing capacity for effective health policy engagement.

Implication for nursing policy

Nursing involvement in policies that affect them and their practice is fundamental to establishing good public policy. This research provides a clear mechanism for the development of nurses’ awareness and abilities to become involved in policy development and review processes.
The Fair Work Wales report: a manifesto for all of us
Authors: Sisson Keith
Published: December 2019

Fair Work Wales, the report of the Wales Fair Work Commission, details the characteristics of fair work and recommends how to promote them. Its wider significance is that it offers a blueprint for what the UK should be doing—a challenge that could hardly be more fundamental. It is a timely reminder for employment relations teachers and researchers that the world of work may be changing but what they do and how they go about it really do matter.
Extending access to contributory pensions: The case of Uruguay
Authors: Rossi Ianina , Tenenbaum Victoria , Lavalleja Martín
Published: December 2019

Since the 1980s, many Latin American countries have tightened access to contributory pensions, with financial sustainability being a main concern. Studies suggest that a sizable share of contributors would not be able to comply with stricter access conditions, since observed contribution densities were low. While most Latin American countries lack complete work history records, the observed density of contributions offered strong evidence of short contribution histories, in particular for low‐income workers and women. In the last decade these facts drove a new wave of reforms, in the form of less demanding eligibility requirements to access pensions and the need for a gender perspective. Uruguay took part in both processes, increasing vesting period conditions in 1996, then lowering them and granting childcare credits in 2008. In this article, we analyse the effects that less strict eligibility requirements would have on pension entitlements in Uruguay, estimating complete contribution histories using administrative records. Work history records have been kept since April 1996 only, meaning there are still no complete work histories. The study finds that pension rights would increase, in particular for women. The main effect would be driven by the lower contribution requirement. In addition, childcare credits would further reduce the gender gap in terms of access to benefits. The case of Uruguay is relevant in the regional context, as most Latin American countries are ageing rapidly and can learn from the Uruguayan experience, a country with vital statistics closer to those of developed countries. Also, recent reforms in the region show shared concerns on pension rights and the gender gap.
Solute distributions in tantalum‐containing zirconium diboride ceramics
Authors: Dorner Anna N. , Barton Dallin J. , Zhou Yue , Thompson Gregory B. , Hilmas Gregory E. , Fahrenholtz William G.
Published: December 2019

Solute segregation was examined in zirconium diboride and zirconium‐tantalum diboride solid solution ceramics that were produced by reactive hot pressing. Microstructural analysis demonstrated that the ZrB2 and (Zr,Ta)B2 ceramics reached nearly full relative density and were nominally phase‐pure. X‐ray diffraction was consistent with full incorporation of Ta into solid solution within the ZrB2 structure, and energy‐dispersive spectroscopy demonstrated that tantalum was well distributed throughout the bulk of the Ta‐doped specimens. The weak characteristic X‐rays for B led to inaccurate results for total atom concentrations in boride ceramics by energy‐dispersive spectroscopy. Atom probe tomography was used to analyze the amount and spatial distribution of Ta species. No obvious Ta segregation was observed in grains or grain boundaries. However, nitrogen strongly segregated to a grain boundary. This study demonstrated that atom probe tomography is an accurate method for characterizing the amount and spatial distribution of metallic and nonmetallic species in ZrB2 ceramics.
Comparing different venous thromboembolism risk assessment machine learning models in Chinese patients
Authors: Wang Xin , Yang Yu‐Qing , Liu Si‐Hua , Hong Xin‐Yu , Sun Xue‐Feng , Shi Ju‐hong
Published: December 2019

Objective

Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a fatal complication and the most common preventable cause of death in hospitals. The risk‐to‐benefit ratio of thromboprophylaxis depends on the performance of the risk assessment model. A linear model, the Padua model, is recommended for medical inpatients in the United States but is not suitable for Chinese inpatients due to differences in race and disease spectrum. Currently, machine learning (ML) methods show advantages in modeling complex data patterns and have been applied to clinical data analysis. This study aimed to build VTE risk assessment ML models among Chinese inpatients and compare the predictive validity of the ML models with that of the Padua model.

Methods

We used 376 patients, including 188 patients with VTE, to build a model and then evaluate the predictive validity of the model in a consecutive clinical dataset from Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Nine widely used ML methods were trained on the model derivation set and then compared with the Padua model.

Results

Among the nine ML methods, random forest (RF), boosting‐based methods, and logistic regression achieved a higher specificity, Youden index, positive predictive value, and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve than the Padua model on both the test and clinical validation sets. However, their sensitivities were inferior to that of the Padua model. Combined with the receiver operating characteristic curve, RF, as the best performing model, maintained high specificity with relatively better sensitivity and captured VTE patients' patterns more precisely.

Conclusions

Advances in ML technology provide powerful tools for medical data analysis, and choosing models conforming to the disease pattern would achieve good performance. Popular ML models do not surpass the Padua model on all indicators of validity, and the drawback of low sensitivity should be improved upon in the future.
Effects of manufacturing methods on the survival rate of ceramic and indirect composite restorations: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Sampaio Flávia B. W. R. , Özcan Mutlu , Gimenez Thais C. , Moreira Maria S. N. A. , Tedesco Tamara K. , Morimoto Susana
Published: December 2019

Objectives

To evaluate the survival rate of ceramic and indirect composite inlays, onlays, and overlays manufactured according to different methods (CAD/CAM, pressable, and stratified). MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for published articles. Risk of bias, data extraction, subgroup analysis, meta‐analysis, and GRADE was performed.

Materials and methods

Prospective, retrospective, or RCT studies, without restriction of language, from 1983 to 2019, with follow‐up ≥5 years, reporting survival rates were screened independently by two reviewers in accordance with eligibility criteria.

Results

A total of 13 articles (12 for ceramic, one for indirect composite) met the inclusion criteria. No articles were included regarding crystalline ceramic. The estimated cumulative survival rate for CAD/CAM was 97% after 5 years and 89% after 10 years; for pressable was 95% after 5 years, and for stratified was 88% after 5 years and 93% after 10 years.

Conclusions

Regardless of the manufacturing method, vitreous ceramic inlays, onlays, and overlays showed high survival, providing evidence that these restorations are a safe treatment.

Clinical relevance

Vitreous ceramic inlays, onlays, and overlays showed high survival, regardless of the manufacturing method, providing evidence that these restorations are a safe treatment.
Evolving Federal Policies and Their Implications for Greenbook Interventions
Authors: Stewart Kiersten
Published: December 2019

This article addresses the influence of the Greenbook on federal policy in the past 20 years and traces the history of federal policy responses to the co‐occurrence of domestic violence and child maltreatment. While there has been some success in getting the domestic violence and child abuse fields to embrace equally the needs of adult and child survivors of domestic violence, federal legislation has progressed slowly, reflecting that ambivalence. Strengthening cross‐system policy advocacy and increasing evidence that addressing domestic violence improves outcomes for children are identified as ongoing needs.
The Greenbook and the Overrepresentation of African American, Hispanic, and Native American Families in the Child Welfare System
Authors: Howze Karen Aileen , McKeig Anne K.
Published: December 2019

Effective Intervention in Domestic Violence & Child Maltreatment Cases: Guidelines for Policy and Practice (the Greenbook) provided a valuable framework for child welfare agencies, domestic violence agencies, and the courts to work together to address the co‐occurrence in families of child maltreatment and domestic violence. It did not specifically address the overrepresentation of families of color in the child welfare system or the disparity of outcomes for these families. Yet the Greenbook’s approach to systems change can be used as a foundation to implement strategies to reduce overrepresentation and to improve safety, permanency, and stability for children and families.
Accelerated shelf‐life study on protein‐enriched carbonated fruit drink
Authors: Hemanth Kumar J , Hema Malini S , Sinija Vadakkepulppara R. , Hema Vincent
Published: December 2019

Carbonated beverages are the most popular beverages due to its thirst quenching, fizziness, and refreshing nature. Carbonated drink covers almost half of the total soft drink consumption. Growth rate of soft drinks value is around 11% over the last 2 years. Carbonated fruit drink was prepared using different concentrations of guava fruit juice and egg albumin to develop protein‐enriched carbonated fruit drink. The physicochemical and nutritional properties were studied and the changes were observed with respect to carbonation and egg albumin fortification. The best result was obtained for fruit drink containing 30% fruit juice and 15% egg albumin fortification showed protein content of 10.1 g/100 g. The accelerated storage conditions in the study were 14 and 40°C with 90% relative humidity. The predicted shelf life was 60 days for protein‐enriched carbonated guava drink and 131 days for carbonated guava drink at refrigerated condition without any artificial preservative.

Practical applications

Guava fruit is a rich source of vitamin C and antioxidants like carotene and lycopene, whereas egg albumin is a rich source of essential amino acids and is a complete protein. Lack of nutrition in the carbonated drinks in the present era leads to the development of this drink. Combination of egg albumin with guava makes the carbonated drink more nutritious and this drink can be a very good alternative for carbonated drinks especially whey‐based fruit drinks. Accelerated shelf‐life study can save time to check the shelf stability of the new product launch to the market.
Selective heating and enhanced boiling in microwave heating of multicomponent (solid–liquid) foods
Authors: Gulati Tushar , Datta Ashim K. , Ranjbaran Mohsen
Published: December 2019

Selective or enhanced heating of a solid in a solid–liquid mixture in microwaves that can lead to enhanced boiling and possibly bumping was studied. A soup containing broth and particulate foods was heated in a cylindrical container in a standard domestic microwave oven. Heating patterns were obtained using a coupled three dimensional thermal‐electromagnetic model, as well as an infrared camera, and boiling was visually observed. Selective heating of the solid particulates over the broth depends on their dielectric and thermal property differential. Enhanced and early boiling on the surface resulting from selective heating also depends on factors that aid in bubble formation and growth such as the surface roughness and porosity (gas pockets) in the solid. For quick prediction of the potential for enhanced heating in product design, a characteristic number was developed that can predict situations that are more prone to enhanced heating than the surrounding liquid.

Practical applications

When microwave heating of a soup or a soup‐like multicomponent mixture of solid and liquid foods, for example carrot or corn pieces in a broth, the solid can end up heating faster than the surrounding liquid, leading boiling to be initiated preferentially at the solid surface, as opposed to in the bulk broth. Depending on the solid material and its surface properties, such a boiling can be further enhanced and sudden, leading to possible bumping during the heating process. A simple design parameter, based on easily available dielectric and thermal properties of the solid and liquid, was developed to quickly predict the possibility of such an enhanced heating of the solid surface (that could eventually lead to bumping). When designing microwaveable products like soups, this simple parameter can be of particular help, reducing the time and resources for experimentation by providing a quick estimate of the probability of enhanced boiling and thus bumping.
Reply to: Looking Before We Leap: Building the Evidence for Social Prescribing for Lonely Older Adults
Authors: Mulligan Kate , Bhatti Sara , Rayner Jennifer , Hsiung Sonia
Published: December 2019

This is a response to the article by Savage et al.
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in Adults Over 80: Outcome and the Perception of Appropriateness by Clinicians
Authors: Druwé Patrick , Benoit Dominique D. , Monsieurs Koenraad G. , Gagg James , Nakahara Shinji , Alpert Evan Avraham , van Schuppen Hans , Élő Gábor , Huybrechts Sofie A. , Mpotos Nicolas , Joly Luc‐Marie , Xanthos Theodoros , Roessler Markus , Paal Peter , Cocchi Michael N. , Bjørshol Conrad , Nurmi Jouni , Salmeron Pascual Piñera , Owczuk Radoslaw , Svavarsdóttir Hildigunnur , Cimpoesu Diana , Raffay Violetta , Pachys Gal , De Paepe Peter , Piers Ruth ,   on behalf of the REAPPROPRIATE study group
Published: December 2019

OBJECTIVES

To determine the prevalence of clinician perception of inappropriate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) regarding the last out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) encountered in an adult 80 years or older and its relationship to patient outcome.

DESIGN

Subanalysis of an international multicenter cross‐sectional survey (REAPPROPRIATE).

SETTING

Out‐of‐hospital CPR attempts registered in Europe, Israel, Japan, and the United States in adults 80 years or older.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 611 clinicians of whom 176 (28.8%) were doctors, 123 (20.1%) were nurses, and 312 (51.1%) were emergency medical technicians/paramedics.

RESULTS AND MEASUREMENTS

The last CPR attempt among patients 80 years or older was perceived as appropriate by 320 (52.4%) of the clinicians; 178 (29.1%) were uncertain about the appropriateness, and 113 (18.5%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the “appropriate” subgroup was 8 of 265 (3.0%), 1 of 164 (.6%) in the “uncertain” subgroup, and 2 of 107 (1.9%) in the “inappropriate” subgroup (P = .23); 503 of 564 (89.2%) CPR attempts involved non‐shockable rhythms.

CPR attempts in nursing homes accounted for 124 of 590 (21.0%) of the patients and were perceived as appropriate by 44 (35.5%) of the clinicians; 45 (36.3%) were uncertain about the appropriateness; and 35 (28.2%) perceived the CPR attempt as inappropriate. The survival to hospital discharge for the nursing home patients was 0 of 107 (0%); 104 of 111 (93.7%) CPR attempts involved non‐shockable rhythms.

Overall, 36 of 543 (6.6%) CPR attempts were undertaken despite a known written do not attempt resuscitation decision; 14 of 36 (38.9%) clinicians considered this appropriate, 9 of 36 (25.0%) were uncertain about its appropriateness, and 13 of 36 (36.1%) considered this inappropriate.

CONCLUSION

Our findings show that despite generally poor outcomes for older patients undergoing CPR, many emergency clinicians do not consider these attempts at resuscitation to be inappropriate. A professional and societal debate is urgently needed to ensure that first we do not harm older patients by futile CPR attempts. J Am Geriatr Soc 68:39–45, 2019
Investigation of the relationship between inflammatory blood parameters and rosacea and demodex infestation
Authors: Altunisik Nihal , Turkmen Dursun , Sener Serpil
Published: December 2019

Background

Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory disease. Although the etiopathogenesis of the disease has not been established, it is known that inflammation plays a prominent role in the disease. Demodex mites have been thought to have a role in the pathogenesis of rosacea by causing the occurrence of inflammatory lesions. In the literature, many studies have reported that complete blood count (CBC) parameters have been used as diagnostic biomarkers in diseases associated with inflammatory process.

Aims

The aim of this study was to evaluate CBC parameters in rosaceous patients with and without demodex mite and to compare with healthy controls (HCs).

Patients/Methods

Ninety patients followed in our clinic between January and October 2019 and 62 healthy controls matching in terms of age and sex were included in the study. CBC parameters of the patients and the HCs were compared, retrospectively.

Results

There was no statistically significant difference in mean platelet volume (MPV), red cell distribution width (RDW), neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, monocyte lymphocyte ratio, and platelet lymphocyte ratio levels between all patients and HCs. RDW values were significantly lower in demodex (+) rosace group, when compared to demodex (−) rosace group and HCs.

Conclusions

The lower RDW levels in the demodex (+) group suggested that demodex mite did not have an increasing effect on inflammation and was effective in the disease through alternative pathways.
ECONOMIC GROWTH IN INDIA DURING 1950–2015: NEHRUVIAN SOCIALISM TO MARKET CAPITALISM
Authors: Das Deb Kusum , Erumban Abdul Azeez , Mallick Jagannath
Published: December 2019

Comparisons of pre and postreform economic growth in India are widely researched in the literature. This paper adds to this literature, but with a sectoral growth accounting perspective. We compare the proximate sources of economic growth in India during the 1950–1980 periods, the so‐called Nehruvian socialist regime, with that of the post‐1980 period, which includes the pro‐business reforms in the 1980s and more aggressive pro‐market reforms in the 1990s. We document two important features of India's growth dynamics. First, the overriding importance of the services sector in India's growth is not new, but it has always been the case in independent India. However, there has been a major shift in the composition of service sector growth. While the socialist regime fostered more nonmarket services, including the government sector, the market services sector flourished in the market regime, in terms of labour productivity, TFP and economic growth. Second, the economic growth in the socialist period was substantially driven by capital accumulation, except in the nonmarket services, whereas the market regime sees a combination of both productivity and capital accumulation.
MicroRNA‐222‐3p participates in the development of oral squamous cell carcinoma by targeting CDKN1B
Authors: Yang Kaicheng , Chen Yanping , Cui Zifeng , Chen He , Yang Lei , Zhao Jianguang , Luo Fengyu , Man Shasha , Zhao Jianghui , Jin Lingyu
Published: December 2019

Objective

The aim of this study was to explore the potential role and regulatory mechanism of microRNA (miR)‐222‐3p in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC).

Methods

The expression level and prognostic significance of miR‐222‐3p was detected in OSCC tissues. CCK‐8, transwell, and flow cytometry assays were used to explore the effect of miR‐222‐3p on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. The influence of miR‐222‐3p on cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitor 1B (CDKN1B) expression was evaluated by luciferase assays, real‐time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blot.

Results

We found that miR‐222‐3p was overexpressed in OSCC tissues, comparing with normal tissues. Kaplan‐Meier curves showed that OSCC patients with high expression of miR‐222‐3p (P = .003) showed worse overall survival than those patients with low expression of miR‐222‐3p. Multivariate analysis showed that miR‐222‐3p (P = .037) expression was an independent prognostic factor of OSCC patients. miR‐222‐3p promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion and induced the apoptosis of SCC‐15 and Tca‐83 cells. Furthermore, luciferase reporter assays indicated that CDKN1B is targeted by miR‐222‐3p in OSCC cells. Overexpression of CDKN1B inhibited OSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion and promoted cell apoptosis rate.

Conclusions

miR‐222‐3p affects OSCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis through targeting CDKN1B, and may be a potential prognostic biomarker for OSCC patients.
Beauty and the beast: Promotion concerns and the pursuit of physically attractive mates
Authors: Hui Chin‐Ming , Lui Kelvin F. H. , Lai Wing Yu , Wong Yetta Kwailing , Wong Alan C. N.
Published: December 2019

Objective

In the mating market, individuals differ in their aspirations to pursue opposite‐sex mates who have a relatively higher (vs. similar) level of physical attractiveness. Few studies have explored how motivational concerns outside the mating domain can account for these individual differences in romantic aspiration. Based on regulatory focus theory, this research tested how broad concerns for promotion and prevention influence the aspiration and dating outcome.

Method

Four studies tested whether promotion concerns increase romantic aspiration and the chance to mate with a more physically attractive partner. The first three studies tested how promotion concerns, either measured (Studies 1a and 2) or manipulated (Study 1b), can influence romantic aspiration. Study 3 further tested how one's chronic promotion concerns are related to the physical attractiveness of the current partner (as rated by observers).

Results

The first three studies supported the prediction that promotion concerns increase aspiration to pursue more physically attractive mates. The last study also found that, controlling for their own physical attractiveness, individuals with stronger promotion concerns tend to mate with physically attractive partners.

Conclusions

The results highlight the significant roles of broad motivational concerns in determining both aspiration and chance to date a more physically attractive partner.
Stereotypes and chronotopes: The peasant and the cosmopolitan in narratives about migration*
Authors: Creese Angela , Blackledge Adrian
Published: December 2019

Stereotypes are chronotopic (Bakhtin, 1994) in the sense that they make good use of character types in time and space to utter identifiable speech forms and make evident other semiotic displays. This paper argues for sociolinguistics to expand its interpretation of the chronotope to encompass the relationship between “character” and “author” in identity texts. It suggests that conflating author and character in identity scholarship, as is the case in much sociolinguistic research, risks losing an opportunity to understand how people author characters in their narratives to project sets of values and beliefs. Using linguistic ethnography, we report on two migrant women and their interactions among colleagues to illustrate their authoring of two characters, namely the peasant and the cosmopolitan. We show how these specific women mobilize these characters in narrative production to refute harmful traditions and ethnolinguistic stereotypes in favour of cosmopolitan identities which draw on broader geographical and social scales associated with the city.