bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Score Norms for Improving Library Service Quality: A LibQUAL+ Study
Authors: Cook Colleen , Heath Fred M. , Thompson Bruce
Published: February 2007

Based on data from 20,416 LibQUAL+TM respondents
from forty-three universities, the authors developed norm tables to
allow librarians to interpret LibQUAL+TM scores with respect
to typical profiles at other universities. Norms were developed for
both "perceived" service scores and "gap" scores (e.g., "perceived"
performance minus "minimally acceptable" performance). Norms such as
these will assist library managers in decision-making by identifying
(a) specific areas for needed improvement, (b) specific areas of needed
additional service quality information (e.g., focus groups), and (c)
peer institutions from which superior service practices can be modeled.
Where to Spend our E-Journal Money? Defining a University Library's Core Collection Through Citation Analysis
Authors: Davis Philip M
Published: February 2007

This paper identifies core journals in the life sciences
for Cornell University researchers by analyzing the frequency of
Cornell-authored citations in Biosis Previews between 1996 and 2001. The
distribution frequency of journals confirms Bradford's Law of Scatter
or the 80/20 Rule. The top 240 journals, providing 80 percent of the
citations, were analyzed by publisher type and institutional subscription
price. In general, journals from society and associations received the
highest number of citations and were priced considerably lower than
commercial journals. The methodology described is a fast, low-cost, and
scalable procedure that can be adapted to various subject databases,
and may be used to provide guidance on which titles to purchase for
electronic access.
Access to Scholarly Communication Information on ARL Member Library Websites
Authors: Lugar Lance , Thomes Kate
Published: February 2007

This study examines ARL member library websites to assess the prominence and extent of scholarly communication information available. Data show that for nearly half of the libraries no results were retrieved using a site search function. Only 4 percent of the libraries raise these issues prominently on their websites' homepages.
Data Needs and Use of Electronic Resources and Services at Academic Research Libraries
Authors: Shim Wonsik , McClure Charles R
Published: February 2007

The ARL (Association of Research Libraries) E-Metrics
project is a concerted effort by the research library community to
investigate various problems related to collecting and using data for
electronic materials and services. A survey was conducted involving
twenty-four libraries during the first phase of the project to learn
about current data collection activities. Twenty-two libraries responded
to the survey. The results show that a number of libraries are not well
prepared to collect, to analyze, and to report data related to networked
resources and services. Libraries need to determine their data needs
and the amount of resource that they can commit for data collection and
use activities. The results also identified the lack of consistent and
comparable statistics from database vendors as a main challenge and an
area in which libraries and vendors must work together for solutions.
Symbolic Interactionism and Library Research: Using a Qualitative Methodology to Understand Library Interchange
Authors: Fidishun Dolores
Published: February 2007

Symbolic Interactionism is a theory for analyzing research
based on a qualitative interpretive process that can help librarians to
understand the way in which the library staff and users view services,
training, policy, and other issues. The theory focuses on the symbolic
meaning of objects and events as they are interpreted through human
interaction. An explanation of the theory is followed by examples of how
symbolic interactionism can be of value to librarians in their research
to understand individual and group behavior.
Combining Computing and Reference Desks In An Undergraduate Library: A Brilliant Innovation Or A Serious Mistake?
Authors: McKinstry Jill Morrison , McCracken Peter
Published: February 2007

The Undergraduate Library at the University of Washington
combined its reference and computer support desks into one service
desk. Librarians are in disagreement on the advantages of this service,
and in this article two librarians highlight benefits and drawbacks
to the new service. Suggestions for improvement and advice for those
considering such a collaboration are included.
Effect of the Web on Undergraduate Citation Behavior: Guiding Student Scholarship in a Networked Age
Authors: Davis Philip M
Published: February 2007

This article provides the last update to a longitudinal study tracking the research behavior of a multi-college undergraduate course in microeconomics from 1996 to 2001. Student term paper bibliographies grew between 1996 and 2000 but included fewer scholarly resources. In 2001, students tended to cite scholarly sources when the professor provided clear and enforceable guidelines in his class assignment. The accuracy and persistency of cited Web documents also increased as a result.
Our Genome in Common: Genomic Data Release Policies and the Academic Librarian
Authors: Bell J. William
Published: February 2007

This paper provides a history of genomic data release
policies and explores these policies' research implications. It also
discusses librarians' roles in establishing and clarifying access to
those data. Finally, it proposes that librarians advocate free and open
access to basic genomic data.
Faculty Status for Librarians in Higher Education
Authors: Hoggan Danielle Bodrero
Published: February 2007

The ACRL Standards for Faculty Status for College and
University Librarians state that library faculty should have the same
privileges and responsibilities as other faculty on campus. However, some
conditions, such as tenure and equitable salaries, are often withheld from
library faculty. When faculty status is implemented by ACRL standards,
it is associated with better job satisfaction, improved status, higher
salaries, and more opportunities for professional development. However,
faculty status librarians face pressure to do research, publish,
and attend meetings. These responsibilities detract from time spent on
traditional librarianship duties and often from personal time as well. In
addition, economists believe that faculty status will eventually lead
to a decreased demand for librarians because of the diversion of energy
away from librarianship. Faculty status for librarians is positively
correlated with indicators of student achievement, such as graduation
rates and pursuit of graduate-level education. However, it is interesting
to note that librarian faculty status is also associated with decreased
research output of the institution as a whole.
Psychopathology of Common Sense
Authors: Stanghellini Giovanni
Published: February 2007

It is well established by psychopathological research that
disorders of self-experience are among the main features of schizophrenic
prodromes in a pathogenetic sense. Disorders of the phenomenal self, as
"lack of ipseity" (the vanishing of the feeling of being embedded
in oneself and of distinctiveness between the self and the outer world)
and "hyper-reflexivity" (the monitoring of one's own life entailing
the tendency to objectify parts of one's own self in an outer space) are
considered key phenomena of schizophrenic vulnerability. In this paper,
I argue that the analyses of the disorders of phenomenal self catch only
some dimensions of schizophrenic vulnerability, since they mainly focus
on the pathological changes in subjective experience of an isolated
self and disregard the fact that the self is not purely personal. Because
our existence is fundamentally tied to a social existence, the feeling of
one's own self and the sense of "reality" of an experience are products of
intersubjectivity and not only a private process based on introspection
or reflexivity in which one is engaged in an idiosyncratic way. Building
on, and extending, contributions of the phenomenological tradition, I
attempt to demonstrate that intuitive attunement is the basic prerequisite
for establishing one's sense of "reality" (feeling familiarly related
to one's environment) and for establishing one's sense of "ipseity"
(the sense of existing as a subject of awareness). In the last part of
the paper, I show the importance of the concepts "lack of attunement"
and "antagonomia" (the rejection of conventional knowledge
and intuitive attunement, experienced as dangerous sources of loss of
individuality) to establish a comprehensive theory of schizophrenic
vulnerability. I finally discuss the implications of this view for
empirical research and clinical management of schizophrenic vulnerability.
Self and World in Schizophrenia: Three Classic Approaches
Authors: Sass Louis Arnorsson
Published: February 2007

This article presents an introductory overview of the
interpretations of schizophrenia offered by three phenomenological
psychiatrists: Eugene Minkowski (1885-1972), Wolfgang Blankenburg
(b. 1928), and Kimura Bin (b. 1931).
Minkowski views schizophrenia as characterized by a diminished sense
of dynamic and vital connection to the world ("loss of vital contact"),
often accompanied by a hypertrophy of intellectual and static tendencies
("morbid rationalism," "morbid geometrism"). Blankenburg emphasizes
the patient's loss of the normal sense of obviousness or "natural
self-evidence"—a loss of the usual common-sense background that
enables normal persons to cope easily with the social and practical
world. Kimura focuses on certain distortions of self-experience: a
distinctive splitting of the subjective self, alienated awareness of
one's own ongoing consciousness, and profound uncertainty about the
"I-ness" of the self.
In addition to a summary, this article offers a comparison and critique
of these three approaches. The three approaches are also considered in
light of a more recent, phenomenological formulation of schizophrenia
as a disorder of self-experience (an ipseity disturbance) involving
hyperreflexivity and diminished self-affection (i.e., heightened awareness
of aspects of experience that would normally remain tacit or presupposed
and decline in the feeling of existing as a subject of awareness).
A One-Stage Explanation of the Cotard Delusion
Authors: Gerrans Philip
Published: February 2007

Cognitive neuropsychiatry (CN) is the explanation of
psychiatric disorder by the methods of cognitive neuropsychology. Within
CN there are, broadly speaking, two approaches to delusion. The first uses
a one-stage model, in which delusions are explained as rationalizations
of anomalous experiences via reasoning strategies that are not, in
themselves, abnormal. Two-stage models invoke additional hypotheses about
abnormalities of reasoning. In this paper, I examine what appears to
be a very strong argument, developed within CN, in favor of a two-stage
explanation of the difference in content between the Capgras and Cotard
delusions. That explanation treats them as alternative rationalizations
of essentially the same phenomenology. I show, however, that once we
distinguish the phenomenology (and the neuroetiology), a one-stage model
is adequate. In the final section I make some more general remarks on
the one- and two-stage models.
Progress and Power: Exploring the Disciplinary Connections between Moral Treatment and Psychiatric Rehabilitation
Authors: Lilleleht Erica
Published: February 2007

For much of the 20th century, scholars of American and
European applied psychology and psychiatry have concerned themselves with
the concepts of progress and power. In an effort to revisit the character
of 19th-century psychiatry and to use the results as a means of evaluating
21st-century practice, this paper explores the relationship between power
and progress in two popular but chronologically distinct approaches to
caring for the mad: 19th-century moral treatment and late 20th-century
psychiatric rehabilitation. Using the theoretical framework of Foucault
(1979), moral treatment (as developed by Thomas Story Kirkbride, for
example, [1854] 1973) and psychiatric rehabilitation (as developed by
William A. Anthony and colleagues, for example, Anthony, Cohen, and
Farkas 1990) are compared for the degree to which each is structured by
disciplinary interests and technologies. Based on this textual analysis,
important differences emerge. Not only do these differences cast moral
treatment in a new, and perhaps more positive light, but they also shed
light on how disciplinary structures might affect a psychiatric approach's
ability to carry out expressly humanitarian goals. To the extent that
both propositions are accurate, the traditional view equating psychology
and psychiatry's progress with a diminished reliance on power is brought
into question.
Dispensing With the Dynamic Unconscious
Authors: O'Brien Gerard , Jureidini Jon
Published: February 2007

In recent years, a number of contemporary proponents
of psychoanalysis have sought to derive support for their conjectures
about the dynamic unconscious from the empirical evidence in favor
of the cognitive unconscious. It is our contention, however, that
far from supporting the dynamic unconscious, recent work in cognitive
science suggests that the time has come to dispense with this concept
altogether. In this paper we defend this claim in two ways. First,
we argue that any attempt to shore up the dynamic unconscious with the
cognitive unconscious is bound to fail, simply because the latter, as it
is understood in contemporary cognitive science, is incompatible with the
former as it is traditionally conceived by psychoanalytic theory. Second,
we show how psychological phenomena traditionally cited as evidence
for the operation of a dynamic unconscious can be accommodated more
parsimoniously by other means.
Psychotic and Mystical States of Being: Connections and Distinctions
Authors: Brett Caroline
Published: February 2007

Previous analyses of descriptively defined psychotic phenomena
have concluded that they can occur in benign spiritual experiences as
well as pathological states. Attempts to forge a distinction between
psychotic experiences in spiritual and pathological contexts on the
basis of the form or content of the experience (broadly described) can
be disproved by counterexample; distinguishing on the basis of negative
or positive consequences of the phenomena for the individual can be seen
to beg the question. In the present paper, it is argued that examining
the fundamental conceptual organization of psychotic and mystical mental
states not only elucidates the observed similarities between them, but can
highlight the differences, and the processes by which negatively evaluated
pathological features can be seen to emerge. Oriental philosophical
systems such as Tibetan and Zen Buddhism, and Tantric Hinduism, provide
conceptualizations of mystical states of mind, from which a model can be
drawn, while the epistemologies of these systems provide an illuminating
metaphysical perspective on both psychotic and mystical experiences. It is
concluded that mystical and psychotic experiences can be distinguished not
only by emotional and behavioral consequences, but by real differences in
the states themselves; certain features, such as loss of subject/object
boundaries and loss of the relative dimensional structure of perception,
are common to both processes.
Neglected Psychological Elements of Free Will
Authors: Waller Bruce N.
Published: February 2007

Two essential elements of free will—internal locus of control and confident self-efficacy—have been studied extensively by psychologists but neglected by philosophers. As a result of this neglect, philosophers have worked with a distorted view of free will. Existentialists exaggerate internal locus of control while undercutting self-efficacy; most contemporary philosophers have taken both internal locus of control and self-efficacy for granted, ignoring their importance and the problems generated by their absence. By taking advantage of psychological research on internal locus of control and self-efficacy, this paper develops a richer and more realistic account of the value of free choice and the real threats to free will.
Pulp Politics: Popular Culture and Political Advertising
Authors: Richardson Glenn W
Published: February 2007

A key element in the way political advertising conveys meaning to
viewers is the holistic evocation of familiar forms (or genres) of
popular culture through broadly recognizable packages of audiovisuals
and narratives. Because viewers engage such recognizable forms through
what cognitive scientists refer to as "top-down" processing, admakers
can rely on viewers to "fill in the blanks" consistent with the form, and
in ways that tap deep persuasive emotion. Such meanings have frequently
eluded analysts. In addition to providing clues to substantive meaning,
genre analysis can provide for a more informed taxonomy of political
advertising, as well as offer additional analytical leverage to the
adwatch journalism that has evolved in an effort to police the claims
of political commercials.
Mere Nostalgia: Notes on a Progressive Paratheory
Authors: Smith Kimberly K.
Published: February 2007

The recent trend of using nostalgia as a neutral analytic device
overlooks its roots in progressive ideology. Invented during the
nineteenth century as an explanation for resistance to modernization,
nostalgia remains a key concept in the political conflict over
modernity. The concept is thus ideologically charged, representing
progressive responses to the questions of whether and whose memory is a
reliable basis for political action and what kinds of desires and harms
are politically relevant.
Nixon's Welfare Reform: Enacting Historical Contradictions of Poverty Discourses
Authors: Asen Robert
Published: February 2007

This essay examines a 1969 speech by President Nixon that introduced
Americans to his Family Assistance Plan, a welfare reform proposal that
would have provided poor families with a minimum income guarantee. I
argue that historical contradictions of poverty discourses informed
Nixon's speech and frustrated his attempt to articulate a new approach
to federal welfare policy.
Anne Frank, Bergen-Belsen, and the Polysemic Nature of Holocaust Memories
Authors: Hasian Marouf Arif
Published: February 2007

The polysemic nature of Holocaust memories has meant that various
communities have conflicting remembrances of the World War II
concentration camps. These contentious and fragmentary memories have
influenced our understanding of the symbolic and material meanings of
the Holocaust and its victims. The author provides a critical memories
study that looks at some of the key rhetorical shifts in the generational
remembrances of Anne Frank and Bergen-Belsen.
Egocentric Argument and the Public Sphere: Citizen Deliberations on Public Policy and Policymakers
Authors: Levasseur David G , Carlin Diana B.
Published: February 2007

A healthy public sphere is necessary for a healthy democracy. While most
diagnoses currently point to an ailing public sphere, we currently have
very little empirical information about the functioning of this discursive
realm. To enhance our empirical understanding, the present essay analyzes
discussions from nationwide focus groups and argues that the major ailment
confronting the public sphere is the predominance of egocentric arguments.
The Debate over Annexing Texas and the Emergence of Manifest Destiny
Authors: Rathbun Lyon
Published: February 2007

Scholars have long understood that the ideology of manifest
destiny congealed out of the millennial ideals embedded in American
culture. However, they have not fully appreciated that manifest destiny
only became a national ideology by overwhelming the arguments that were
first voiced during the Monroe administration to resist the incorporation
of Texas into the Union. Understanding how the secular ideals of the
classical republican tradition were used to resist the inclusion of
Texas can help us understand the crystallization of manifest destiny
into a theologized ideology in the 1840s.
The Green Virus: Purity and Contamination in Ralph Nader's 2000 Presidential Campaign
Authors: Harold Christine
Published: February 2007

This essay explores how the rhetorical binary of
purity and contamination undermined Ralph Nader's 2000 presidential
campaign. Instead of insisting on an unadulterated space from which to
launch their attacks on a corrupt system, the Greens might have had more
success by embracing their role as an infecting agent--a kind of green
virus--actively forcing a reconfiguration of American politics.
From Spouses to Candidates: Hillary Rodham Clinton, Elizabeth Dole, and the Gendered Office of U.S. President
Authors: Anderson Karrin Vasby
Published: February 2007

This essay examines media coverage and candidate rhetoric
of Hillary Rodham Clinton and Elizabeth Dole during their 2000 political
campaigns. Although gender was emphasized when Clinton was first lady,
it became the tacit subtext of her run for the U.S. Senate, and Clinton's
male opponents arguably were more disadvantaged by gender stereotypes
than she was in that particular campaign. In contrast, Dole's gender
was foregrounded in media portrayals of her bid for the Republican
presidential nomination, making it harder for voters to imagine her
as president. This study underscores the fact that although women are
making strides in other realms of public governance, the U.S. presidency
remains a bastion of masculinity.
Rhetoric and the Anti-Logos Doughball: Teaching Deliberating Bodies the Practices of Participatory Democracy
Authors: Eberly Rosa A
Published: February 2007

Epistemology-obsessed rhetorical theories divorce theory
from practice, research from teaching. This article exposes rhetorical
theory to the praxis of post-philosophy (or pre-philosophy) in the
service of democratic paideia and suggests that rhetoricians consider
revaluing undergraduate teaching and its relation to publics-minded
rhetorical theory.
Reflections on Rhetoric, Deliberative Democracy, Civil Society, and Trust
Authors: Hauser Gerard A , Benoit-Barne Chantal
Published: February 2007

The current discussion of deliberative democracy has
largely omitted serious consideration of its rhetorical dimensions. We
argue that such an omission keeps the discussion from focusing on
how democracy actually works and from encouraging a culture of civic
engagement that might make it work even better. We consider four problems
in the current discussion, and suggest how a rhetorical understanding of
deliberation might address them. We argue that the grassroots resources of
civil society are the major cultural resource for deliberative democracy
to thrive provided we nurture its rhetorical inflections. We further
argue that such inflections may help us address the central problem a
deliberative democracy must meet if it is to flourish under conditions
of political pluralism: the problem of trust. We conclude by arguing
that the rhetorical practices within and among civil society's public
spheres are the relevant source for the social capital of trust on which
deliberative democracy depends.
Democratic Revival and the Promise of Cyberspace: Lessons from the Forum Movement
Authors: Keith William M.
Published: February 2007

This essay reviews the history of two Progressive-Era
attempts to reconceive democracy, the Forum Movement, and the Discussion
Movement, and applies lessons from them to the attempts to renew
deliberative democracy in the twenty-first century, particularly in
cyberspace.
Do Americans Really Want Deliberative Democracy?
Authors: Mattson Kevin
Published: February 2007

An examination of some current, innovative democratic
practices casts doubt on the possibility of democratic renewal, especially
in the face of the many obstacles presented by contemporary U.S. culture.
LBJ, the Rhetoric of Transcendence, and the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Authors: Goldzwig Steven R
Published: February 2007

The Civil Rights Act of 1968 was the result of a complex convergence of presidential public persuasion in a context of increasing domestic violence associated with a series of summer disturbances and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr. Analysis of Lyndon Johnson's public discourse supporting the 1968 Civil Rights Act reveals that rhetorical transcendence was employed as a recurrent strategy in attempts to pass legislation.
Attitudes toward Campus Diversity: Participation in a Racial or Cultural Awareness Workshop
Authors: Terenzini Patrick T , Pascarella Ernest T , Springer Leonard , Nora Amaury , Palmer Betsy
Published: February 2007

A three-year study of 1,061 White undergraduates at 17 U.S.
colleges and universities indicated that women and students in
relatively liberal majors started college with more favorable attitudes
toward diversity on campus than men and students in relatively
conservative majors. Although students in conservative majors were
less likely to participate in a racial or cultural awareness workshop,
they, as well as all other groups of students surveyed, developed
more favorable attitudes by participating.
Full-time Women Faculty Off the Tenure Track: Profile and Practice
Authors: Harper Elizabeth P , Baldwin Roger G , Gansneder Bruce G , Chronister Jay L
Published: February 2007

Women are overrepresented in the growing number and proportion of full-time non-tenure-track faculty. Data from NSOPF-93, institutional surveys, and interviews show these women clustered in the lowest faculty ranks and in traditionally female disciplines. They carry heavier teaching loads than their male colleagues, are paid less, and have fewer opportunities for advancement. Full-time non-tenure-track women with a doctorate are the least satisfied of all faculty. These findings suggest substantive institutional changes in politics and practices dealing with non-tenure-track faculty.
The New Demographics of Higher Education
Authors: Keller George
Published: February 2007

The potential clientele for U.S. higher education is changing dramatically. The consequences for U.S. colleges and universities could be significant. Many areas, from admissions and academic programs to faculty appointments and fund raising, are being affected. This article describes the major demographic shifts and some of the novel actions that institutions have begun to take in response to them.
Teaching Excellence: How Faculty Guided Change at a Research University
Authors: Frost Susan H , Teodorescu Daniel
Published: February 2007

This article evaluates one university's efforts to achieve excellence in teaching while simultaneously solidifying its position as a top research institution. Based on the assumption that lasting change requires cultural transformation, the university involved its faculty in a systematic discussion about teaching and used the resulting feedback to alter policy. Faculty reactions, as captured in this case study, could be instructive in guiding instructional reforms at other research universities.
Academic Stratification and Endemic Conflict: Remedial Education Policy at CUNY
Authors: Gumport Patricia J , Bastedo Michael N
Published: February 2007

This article examines the remedial education policy change at the City University of New York (CUNY) in historical context and from the analytical perspective of system design. The policy to phase out remedial education in the CUNY senior colleges is interpreted as part of a strategy to create "more of a system" by increasing the differentiation of missions and stratification among campuses within the CUNY system. The authors analyze both the immediate context and the system design rationale for the policy change, then discusses future implications for CUNY and for public higher education more broadly.
Perservation or Transformation: Where's the Real Educational Discourse on Diversity?
Authors: Chang Mitchell J
Published: February 2007

This paper identifies four critical areas of campus diversity that are typically absent from mainstream public discourse aimed at preserving race conscious admissions practices. Shaped largely by legal deliberations, this discourse tends to: (a) overlook the full historical development of diversity-related efforts, (b) focus primarily on admissions as the main goal, (c) ignore transformative aims, and (d) underestimate the impact of diversity on student learning. The paper discusses the educational significance of articulating a more authentic and comprehensive discourse about campus diversity.
Similarities and Differences in the College Persistence of Men and Women
Authors: Leppel Karen
Published: February 2007

Using national-level data and a two-step procedure combining least squares regression and logit analysis, this paper examines factors influencing college persistence of men and women. Having children has a negative impact on men's persistence but a positive impact on women's persistence. Being Black raises persistence significantly only for women. Age, marriage, and hours worked have a negative impact; and family income, GPA, and being Asian have a positive impact on both men's and women's persistence.
A Comparison of Salary Compression Models and Pay Allocation in Academia over Time
Authors: Twigg Nicholas W , Valentine Sean R , Elias Rafik Z
Published: February 2007

This study examined salary compression and pay inequity in a public university, using salary-related information from two periods five years apart. A comparison of four techniques of determining salary compression showed that compression changed over time as junior faculty were awarded tenure, faculty received raises, and senior faculty left. The results from the four techniques were consistent, but different conclusions can be drawn from faculty or administrative viewpoints. The authors discuss limitations of the study, faculty salary strategies, and implications for future research.
Graduate Student Unionization: Catalysts and Consequences
Authors: Julius Daniel J , Gumport Patricia J
Published: February 2007

This article examines unionization trends and outcomes among graduate students: where and why graduate students have organized and whether unionization has affected student-mentor relationships. It draws upon archival data, including all existing contracts negotiated by unions representing graduate students, and interviews with administrators, faculty, and union leaders from organized institutions. The conclusion addresses several implications such as institutional and departmental autonomy, student-mentor relationships, and labor relations outcomes.
Higher Education's Best-Made Plans: A Historical Perspective
Authors: Thelin John R.
Published: February 2007

In the context of The Academic Corporation: A History of College and University Governing Boards and The California Idea and American Higher Education: 1850 to the 1960 Master Plan, this review essay critically examines higher education governance. Although external governing boards and academic corporations have been invoked as one reason why higher education has flourished in the United States, a historical survey of national trends combined with California's higher education's heritage indicates some systemic problems of imbalance and unaccountability.
Relationships between College Experiences and Alumni Participation in the Community
Authors: Johnson Danette Ifert
Published: February 2007

This investigation examined relationships between college experiences and alumni participation in community organizations. College experiences were measured by participation in college activities and by perceptions of college contribution to developing intellectual and personal skills. Participation in activities during college was a substantial predictor of alumni participation in community organizations. Perceptions of college contribution to developing intellectual and personal skills were significantly related to alumni participation in community organizations but did not explain significant variance in alumni participation.
Patronage and Corruption in the Czech Republic
Authors: Jordan Jeffrey M
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Corruption was endemic to the communist system of the Soviet bloc
prior to its collapse in 1989, and Czechoslovakia was no exception. In
the postcommunist Czech Republic, corruption remains a deeply rooted
problem. A corrupt elite political and business class has emerged
to exploit opportunities for illicit profit that are inherent in the
process of postcommunist transition. Corruption has inflicted damage
upon the Czech economy, prolonged the process of transition, and imposed
costs on Czech taxpayers. It has also damaged democracy and for some,
delegitimized the political system. There are three potential explanations
for the continuation of elite corruption in the Czech Republic. First,
preconditions amenable to corrupt behavior are still in place in the
Czech Republic, as in other postcommunist countries. Second, high-level
corruption lies in corrupt networks that are firmly embedded in the
Czech government and have become worse over the past four years. Lastly,
external corrupt networks, most notably the Russian mafia and intelligence
services, effectively exploit the favorable conditions for corruption,
to strengthen their own presence in the Czech Republic and to exert
greater influence throughout the government.
Immigrant Cohesion and Political Access in Influencing Host Country Foreign Policy
Authors: Ogelman Nedim , Money Jeannette , Martin Philip L.
Published: February 2007

Abstract: Two factors limit the political power of immigrant groups in the
national policymaking of their host country. The first is the immigrant
group's cohesion, based on organizational and material capabilities. The
second is the group's access to political power, determined largely by
the political institutions of each host society. Thus, in countries that
facilitate the acquisition of citizenship and grant other participatory
rights, immigrant groups that are large, homogeneous, and well
organized will have greater influence over their host country's foreign
policy. Conversely, in countries where immigrants are less organized
and less able to participate in the political process, they will have
less influence. Ultimately though, immigrant influence matters only if
immigrant preferences are distinctive from those of the host society. This
can be illustrated by examining Turkish immigrants in the Federal Republic
of Germany and German foreign policy toward Turkey, and comparing this
case with that of Cuban immigrants in the United States.
Improving African Food Security
Authors: Breman Henk , Debrah Siegfried
Published: February 2007

One of Africa's most urgent issues today is food security—food
production is not keeping pace with population growth, leading to
continued declines in its already low food production per capita. In
fact, the Green Revolution, which combined improved seeds, inorganic
fertilizers, and plant protection products, has bypassed Africa. This
problem is rooted in Africa's poor agricultural resource base, which
makes the use of external inputs such as inorganic fertilizers
unprofitable. The socioeconomic and policy environments create
further obstacles. Exceptions to the general trend at the country,
region, and crop level underline the importance of the factors causing
stagnation elsewhere and help to identify technologies and strategies
for change. Integrated soil fertility management can improve African
food security. The synergism of locally-available soil amendments, such
as animal manures and crop residues, can make inorganic fertilizer use
more economically attractive. Combining technology with an enabling
environment for farmers to invest in their soils and for the private
sector to invest in agricultural input and output market development
further improves the economic feasibility of using fertilizer. Strategies
that support farmers' organizations and private sector associations,
and their effective cooperation with the public sector, can help create
this enabling environment.
The Outcomes of Johannesburg: Assessing the World Summit on Sustainable Development
Authors: La Vina Antonio G. M , Hoff Gretchen , DeRose Anne Marie
Published: February 2007

This article analyzes the outcomes of the World Summit on Sustainable
Development (WSSD), held in Johannesburg, South Africa from late August
to early September 2002. Convened ten years after the UN Conference
on Environment and Development in Rio, the WSSD was an attempt
to move forward with sustainable development efforts by setting
implementation strategies, answering questions of accountability,
and forming partnerships that go beyond traditional boundaries. The
Summit succeeded in achieving some of its goals, such as setting a
time-bound sanitation target and recognizing the rights of communities
in natural resource management. Yet it also had its share of failures,
including the failure to address climate change and to reform global
environmental governance. Finally, and perhaps most significantly,
the extent and diversity of civil society engagement in the process set
forth the challenge of overcoming divisions among governments, within
civil society, and between governments and civil society to find a path
to common solutions.
Prophecy and Gendered Mourning in Lanyer's Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum
Authors: Hodgson Elizabeth M. A.
Published: February 2007

Aemelia Lanyer's Salve Deus reclaims the fraught ideology of gendered grief in English culture. She specifically allies her strategically prophetic voice with the womanly weeping that was both feared and admired in English post-Reformation ideologies of grief. Lanyer first cloaks her self-authorizing strategies in the idiom of a passive-prophetic dream state. She then welds this dreamer's role to her defense of Pilate's wife and her praise of Mary Sidney (the ultimate weeping writer) in order to construct her feminine armor of sorrow in Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum.
Recent Studies in the English Renaissance
Authors: Quilligan Maureen
Published: February 2007

An assessment of recent scholarly work treating the literature of the English Renaissance and some general observations on the state of the profession. A full bibliography and price list of the works received by SEL for consideration follows.
The Instruction of Judeo-Spanish in Europe
Authors: Sephiha Vidal , Mitchell Bruce
Published: February 2007

This article recounts the development of Sefardic studies in Europe,
focusing on the introduction of Judeo-Spanish language and literature
courses at universities during the last quarter of the twentieth
century. In 1984, Professor Sephiha became the first chaired professor of
Judeo-Spanish in the world. During his career at the University of Paris
(1967-1991), Professor Sephiha supervised more than 300 thesis
papers dealing with Judeo-Spanish linguistics and literature. Aside
from his own efforts, Judeo-Spanish courses have been introduced at
other universities in France as well as in Germany, Spain, Belgium,
Scandinavia, and the former Soviet block countries. As an example of
university courses in Judeo-Spanish, Professor Sephiha outlines and
analyzes his own course offered at the University of Paris.
American Yiddish Poetry's Encounter with Black America
Authors: Bachman Merle Lyn
Published: February 2007

From the turn of the twentieth century into the years following World War
II, Jewish immigrant writers in the U.S. produced many poems in Yiddish
that address and attempt to represent African-American experience. These
"Yiddish Black" poems fall loosely into three categories: poems that
make direct or indirect reference to lynchings; narrative poems or
poem-sequences that depict Black characters within the framework of
their daily lives; and poems that depict the Yiddish "encounter" with the
Black person and set up varying degrees of identification and alienation
between the writer and his or her subject. Yiddish Black poems do not
exploit the Black image as much as use it to project the sympathies and
sense of shared displacement felt by their audience of Yiddish readers.
Mid-Life Crisis, Kibbutz Style
Authors: Miles William F. S
Published: February 2007

Yahel and Lotan, two Reform kibbutzim founded in the late 1970s and
early 1980s, constitute the focus of this paper. Although the two shared
identical ideological and religious goals from the outset, the succeeding
(and significant) differences between the two kibbutzim may be attributed
largely to the few years separating their respective age cohorts. Under
consideration here is the phenomenon of the mid-life crisis, which in the
collective society takes on collective import, and in which the age-skewed
demography ensures that virtually the entire cadre of "elders" undergoes
the same psychological process at the identical time. Yahel members
have become more open to institutional compromise. It is hypothesized
that Lotan, a few years behind Yahel in collective age, will undergo a
similar significant transformation in ideology and administration as it,
too, approaches the mid-life years.
Origins of the American Deaf-World: Assimilating and Differentiating Societies and Their Relation to Genetic Patterning
Authors: Lane Harlan L , Pillard Richard , French Mary
Published: February 2007

The Deaf-World in the United States has major roots in a triangle of New England Deaf communities that flourished early in the last century: Henniker, New Hampshire; Martha�s Vineyard, Massachusetts; and Sandy River Valley, Maine. The social fabric of these communities differed, a reflection of language and marriage practices that were underpinned, we hypothesize, by differences in genetic patterning. In order to evaluate that hypothesis, this article uses local records and newspapers, genealogies, the silent press, Edward Fay�s 1898 census of Deaf marriages, and Alexander Graham Bell�s notebooks to illuminate the Henniker Deaf community for the first time; it also builds on prior work concerning the Vineyard community.
Integrative ASL-English Language Arts: Bridging Paths to Literacy
Authors: Bailes Cindy
Published: February 2007

A qualitative study was conducted to examine principles and instructional strategies for teaching English literacy through ASL and for teaching ASL as a language art. The study site was an ASL/English bilingual charter school for deaf children where a majority of teachers are deaf and all are fluent in ASL and English. The author describes and interprets six principles for teaching English literacy through ASL as well as the instructional strategies that support these principles. The study suggests that �integrative ASL/English language arts,� in which attending and signing explicitly support reading and writing development, is conducive to English literacy development.
Ninos Milagrizados: Language Attitudes, Deaf Education, and Miracle Cures in Mexico
Authors: Ramsey Claire L. (Claire Louise) , Noriega Jose Antonio
Published: February 2007

In all but deaf cultural groups, the appearance of a deaf child is an extraordinary event that must be accounted for. Many �causes� of deafness emerge from cultural accounts that have at best shaky bases in science; even unknown causes wield cultural power, illuminating the mysteriousness of this condition to hearing people. In addition, the deaf child must be dealt with (treated or rehabilitated). This article describes a set of popular �cures� used with deaf children in Mexico.
Location Variation in American Sign Language
Authors: Lucas Ceil , Bayley Robert , Rose Mary , Wulf Alyssa
Published: February 2007

This article, part of a larger project that studied sociolinguistic variation in American Sign Language, examines that variation in a class of American Sign Language signs exemplified by the verb know, which vary in their location. Usually these signs are produced at the forehead, but frequently they are produced at a lower level. Analysis of approximately twenty-nine hundred tokens of signs of this class from more than two hundred signers in seven U.S. sites shows that the lowering of signs such as know is constrained by both linguistic and social factors that parallel variation in spoken languages. Results from signers of three different age groups also provide evidence of change in progress. Despite similarities to variation in spoken languages, results for several social factors are best explained by reference to Deaf history and to the structure of the Deaf community.
The Role of Variation in Lexicography
Authors: Lucas Ceil
Published: February 2007

This article explores the relationship between lexicography and variation
in both spoken languages and sign languages. I examine the
function of dictionaries and discuss the nature of linguistic variation,
using an example of lexical variation in American Sign Language. I
then explore the ways in which both spoken language and sign language
dictionaries have handled variation and offer some conclusions
about the relationship between lexicography and variation.
The African Diaspora in the Eastern Andes: Adaptation, Agency, and Fugitive Action, 1573-1677
Authors: Brockington Lolita Gutiérrez
Published: February 2007

In 1545, miners struck silver in what would become one of the richest veins in the entire New World, the near legendary Cerro Rico of Potosí, in the Andean highlands of Peru. This strike prompted swift action on the part of royal authorities. They sought to rearrange existing land and labor systems and to establish new ones to meet the spiraling economic demands. Simultaneously they had to cope with a dramatic, unprecedented drop in the indigenous population which hitherto had supplied needed labor. The crown turned elsewhere, and authorized the exploitation of another, far more distant group of people. Slaves from Africa became an additional, ongoing source of much needed labor in the Andes.
‘Por que no sabemos firmar’: Black Slaves in Early Guatemala
Authors: Herrera Robinson A.
Published: February 2007

Juan, a literate black slave born and raised in the Spanish town of Cáceres, labored for at least five years during the 1560s in the Honduran gold mines of Guayape. Finally, growing tired of the arduous work of placer mining and taking advantage of his isolation, he made a bid for freedom. Upon hearing of Juan's flight, his owner, a wealthy Santiago-based merchant named Santos de Figueroa, immediately began the process of securing Juan's recovery. Eventually Juan made his way to Santo Domingo where unfortunately he was captured and Figueroa notified of his whereabouts. It remains unknown if Juan was actually returned to Santiago or if Figueroa instead preferred to sell him, a rather common occurrence in cases of runaway slaves.
Indian Communities and Ayuntamientos in the Mexican Huasteca: Sujeto Revolts, Pronunciamientos and Caste War
Authors: Ducey Michael T.
Published: February 2007

Mexico's transition from a colonial society to an independent nation was extremely difficult and civil war seemed to threaten at every turn during the first half of the nineteenth century. Independence required the creation of a new republican order to replace the colonial system of corporate identities and racial domination. The creation of a new liberal order based on individual citizenship was a contested process where competing political actors sought to preserve colonial privileges even as they used the new constitutional system to their advantage. The indigenous communities, the majority of the population at independence, posed a challenge to the new society of citizens. The objective of this paper is to explore the fate of indigenous communities under the new system and how Indians manipulated it in order to survive. The following pages discuss how independence affected villagers by first describing what the change to a new liberal order meant for local town governments. Then using case studies from the gulf region of Mexico, the paper will draw connections between indigenous village politics and the pronunciamientos that frequently destabilized the national government. Pronunciamientos in the provinces had a profound effect that over time tended to create more opportunities for discontented villagers to enter politics. Finally, the paper will discuss how these political divisions played out in the series of rebellions of the late 1840s known as “caste war of the Huasteca.”