bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Textual Functions of time Adverbial Clauses in Thai Travelogues
Authors: Burusphat Somsonge
Published: May 2019

This article discusses the forms and textual functions of time adverbial clauses in Thai travelogue discourse. The time adverbial clauses are characterized by subordinating morphemes and word order. There are six functions of the time adverbial clauses. The first function is to maintain the journey perspective of the travelogue. The next function is to link paragraphs and sentences. The time adverbial clauses further function to background a happening in prior-time, point coincidence, continuous-punctiliar overlap, and preview. They also report the climactic outcome of the paragraph and signal the storyline. Finally the time adverbial clauses are used for temporal setting.
Modern Thai Buddhist Poetry by Women Poets: A Transformation of Wisdom
Authors: Chongstitvatana Suchitra
Published: May 2019

The study is an attempt to explore and explain the transformation of Thai didactic poetry, especially Buddhist poetry by women poets. The texts selected are Dawn in the Night by Chomchand, Under the Rain and Thunder by Khunying Chamnongsri Rutnin. In Thai Theravadin tradition women poets rarely hold a high position nor have authority in teaching Dharma. In the realm of didactic poetry, monk-poets or male poets are the norm. These two women poets convey the teaching of Dharma through expressing artistically their personal experience of practicing Dharma. This aspect transforms the tradition of Thai didactic poetry by emphasizing the ‘practice’ of Dharma in daily life and not only “the faith” in Dharma. These women poets are showing their readers a direct path to wisdom. The message conveyed in their works is quite universal though they are writing as practicing Buddhists. Thus, these women poets are no longer addressing the limited audience of Buddhists. They are speaking to a wider audience and propagating Buddhism not as a religion but as a message of wisdom for all mankind.
Resurrecting a Dying Tradition: The Strategic Management of Traditional Thai Desserts and Snacks at Laan Fueng Nakorn, The Old Siam Plaza
Authors: Petchsombat Tanachanan
Published: May 2019

The ineluctable force of globalization is having an immense impact on local traditions worldwide. Thai cultures, and lifestyles have also received the full brunt of these 'nouvelle' invasions. Old traditions, including food prepared according to century-old recipes, have started to disappear. The number of venues selling such traditional Thai desserts and snacks has shrunk to only an astonishing few. To halt the death of this legacy, the management of those shops must conduct a study to ascertain what influences customers to come buy these traditional products and to incorporate the findings into their management strategy. In the end, this study revealed quite unexpected outcomes as to why people chose to buy one product but not another.
Cohesive Devices in Narrative Songs of Jaran Manopetch
Authors: Athapanyawanit Kritsana
Published: May 2019

The main purpose of this study is to explore the cohesive strategies in the narrative lyrics of songs by Jaran Manopetch. The song data used in this research include the lyrics of twenty-eight narrative songs composed and arranged by Jaran Manopetch. The songs are classified as narrative discourse on the basis of two major traits of discourse type identified by Longacre (1983): Contingent Temporal Succession and Agent Orientation. Moreover, the song data are divided into two groups according to terminology and pronunciation of Jaran Manopetch: five standard Thai songs and twenty-three Kham Muang/northern Thai songs were studied. The lyrics’ cohesive devices were analyzed semantically and syntactically according to theoretical frameworks of Robert E. Longacre on the grammar of discourse and of M.A.K. Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan on cohesion in English. The cohesive devices in the narrative lyrics of Jaran Manopetch include the thematic elements identified by serial thematic verb construction, punctual and sequential indicators of events, structural cohesion: cycles, participant cohesion composed of two sections: introduction and maintenance of participants, demonstrative reference, substitution, ellipsis, conjunctive elements, and lexical cohesion.
The Significance of Puccha-Vissajjana in the Buddhist Literature
Authors: Kobbun Pisit
Published: May 2019

The use of pucchā-vissajjanā, question and answer, in the Pāli suttas reflects its significance as a literary technique for communicating the teachings of the Buddha. Pucchā-vissajjanā is a technique for teaching the dhamma employed by the Buddha and his disciples. It is a mnemonic technique for conveying and maintaining the teachings in the oral tradition and was kept as a written record until it becomes a tradition technique in composing post-Tipitaka Buddhist literature. When regarding the suttas as a textbook, the use of pucchā-vissajjanā in the suttas is important for the study of dhamma-vinaya. Constructing the suttas according to the pucchā-vissajjanā technique is favorable for dhamma practice and concentration-development. The pucchā-vissajjanā process is well in accord with the process of concentration-development for developing wisdom. As a result of this, those who study the suttas (the story being developed through pucchā-vissajjanā) will thereby certainly be practicing concentration while studying the text.
Beyond the Cockfight: Masculinity and the Thai Dove-Cooing Contest
Authors: Anderson Wanni Wibulswasdi
Published: May 2019

The Dove-cooing contest in Thailand began as a leisure activity, the hobby of a particular group of men who found peace, pleasure, and enjoyment in listening to the songs of the singing doves. Some hoped for good luck in raising doves with propitious characteristics. The hobby developed into a sport through the initiative of the Association of Dove Breeders in Thailand. The Association’s encouragement of dove breeding found enthusiastic support from dove lovers in all regions, especially in Southern Thailand where many prize-winning doves came from. The study presents the training and care of doves, selected scenes of the contest, the rules by which the singing doves are judged, and analyzes multiple structural and ideational dynamics involved in the event. Not simply a folk sport, an animal sport in and of itself, the dove-cooing contest is about the dove fancier. But it also transcends the individual. In its national, societal context, the people who organize and participate in the event are more socially and ethnically diverse, more socially aware, and more engaged in the needs of the community. The contest facilitates boundary-crossings: ethnic, social, economic, regional, and international - as diverse groups of dove fanciers enter their prized doves into the arena and hope to be a winner. It is a “deeper play” in the Geertzian sense.
‘Who Is’t can Read a Woman?’: Representation of Queen Elizabeth I in Cymbeline
Authors: Hiranyatheb Thanomnual
Published: May 2019

This article is an attempt to read Cymbeline (1608-1610), one of Shakespeare’s so-called ‘final plays’ or ‘romances’ as a site of cultural responses to the remaining ‘presence’ of the late Queen Elizabeth I and her cultural associations in the context of the reign of her gender-different successor, King James I. It argues that these responses can be seen in the play’s portrayal of two characters in the play, namely the Wicked Queen and to a lesser extent, Imogen, in which the figure of the late queen is played out and marginalized, and proposes that these representations are ways in which the Jacobean culture deals with and exorcises its anxieties about the late monarch’s sometimes contradictory (self-appointed) role as a militant, powerful and inscrutable ‘woman-on-top’, which disrupted ‘natural’ gender distinction in the political climate of James I’s reign, during which pacifism, transparency and patriarchalism were highly advocated, especially by the king himself and other writers. It is hoped that this article can offer a reading of the play, not by interpreting it as a complete-in-itself and truth-reflecting work of art by a literary genius according to the romantic-humanistic conception of the ‘author’ and ‘literature,’ but rather by taking into accounts political, social and cultural forces that were circulated during the time of composition and reception of the play and with which it interacted.
‘Exile, Secrecy, and Cunning’: Cultural Translation and Hybridity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior
Authors: Pragatwutisarn Chutima
Published: May 2019

This article discusses the construction of Chinese-American identity in Maxine Hong Kingston’s The Woman Warrior. Kingston’s book reveals the role of storytelling in the construction of ethnic (and gendered) identity as the author narrates her personal experiences through the reconstruction of myths, legends, and ‘talk stories’ she inherited from her mother. The method Kingston uses to make sense of these stories is that of translation. Translation refers to a performance of ethnic and gendered identity in Kingston’s narrative. Here the complex identity known as Chinese-American is not an accumulation of discrete, distinct cultures, ‘Chinese and American’. As a result of translating between these different positions, Chinese-American in Kingston’s The Woman Warrior designates a new identity, one that exposes the fictions of any closed categories, either Chinese or American. This process of self-definition is represented in terms of Kingston’s rewriting of stories of her ethnic culture in an attempt to reclaim them as her own and to make their meaning relevant to her American context. This Chinese-American identity as a product of discursive practice transcends the monolithic conception of Chinese and American cultures. It is in Kingston’s struggle to find her own voice that she tentatively combines the two cultures and reconciles herself with her mother.
The Death Penalty
Authors: Changkhwanyuen Preecha
Published: May 2019

The objective of this research is to find out how Thai academics conducting studies on the question of punishment and practitioners of work related punishment view the issue. The study relies on methods of literature review and brainstorming seminars, divided according to disciplines, and collectively as a general lecture forum. Thai academics participating in the seminar with backgrounds in law, philosophy and religion or political science presented views that were in conjunction with the findings of the research presented culminating in a number of suggestions concerning the necessity and importance of capital punishment as well as its moral and justice aspects.
The Status of /-w-/: A Perspective From Khamphuan - A Thai Language Play
Authors: Awirutthiyothin Tamjai
Published: May 2019

This article aims to show how to understand a language phenomenon through the language play of the Thai. The data is based on Tamjai (2003): Mechanisms and Patterns of Reversed Speech in Bangkok Thai, Northern Thai, Northeastern Thai, and Southern Thai Dialects. There are 334 utterances used to analyze the status of /-w-/ The Thai speakers of three dialects, Bangkok Thai, Northern Thai, and Southern Thai dialect speakers, interpreted the status of /-w-/ in five different types when reversed the utterances. Firstly, the second phoneme of an initial cluster: /-w-/ Secondly, the single phoneme of an initial consonant: /w/ Thirdly, the property of vowel: /u/ Fourthly, the vowel: /u/. Finally, the zero: /Ø/ The results according to McMahon (1994) about the stages of sound change. Moreover, the status of /-w-/ from reversing the utterances show how the sound changed from Proto South-Western Tai to Modern Tai; Yuan, Lao, and Siamese.
The Symbolization of Sounds in Thai Onomatopoeic Words
Authors: Rungrojsuwan Sorabud
Published: May 2019

In addition to the arbitrary invention of words in human language, there are also a number of lexical items in languages generated from the symbolization of particular groups of sounds. The present study investigates the structural and semantic characteristics of “soundsymbolic words” (or onomatopoeic words) in Thai. Data were drawn from formal and informal written documents. The Royal Institute’s and Matichon’s dictionaries were used as representatives of formal documents, while 40 Japanese-to-Thai translated comics were used for the informal documents. Structurally, it was found that most sound-symbolic words are either monomorphemic or reduplicated. In relation to semantics, sound symbolization in the data shows semantic relations to human behaviors, activities, and surroundings.
Interactions Between Viewpoint Aspect and Situation Aspect: A Case Study of Alternating Intransitive Constructions in Thai
Authors: Tansiri Kachen
Published: May 2019

This paper aims at analyzing an internal temporal constituency of situations denoted by alternating intransitive constructions (AIC) in Thai in order to subclassify them, and investigating interactions between two viewpoint-aspect markers, namely kamlaƞ and jùu, and each subtype of AICs. According to the scope of a profile on the causal chain, the AICs in Thai are arranged into two main groups, i.e., the AICs denoting a simplex causal situation and the AICs denoting a complex causal situation. In each group, they are further subclassified according to the situation aspect of the denoted situations. In analyzing the interactions between viewpoint aspect and situation aspect, I show that kamlaƞ and jùu both function as imperfective viewpoint-aspect markers because they interact with situation aspect at the phase of the situation without any reference to the boundaries. However, they are distinguished in terms of the semantics of the forms themselves and the semantics of the phase they profile. On the one hand, kamlaƞ functions as a dynamic imperfective viewpoint-aspect marker in that it profiles the dynamic phase of the situations and construes them as on-going processes. On the other hand, jùu functions as a stative imperfective aspect marker. Unlike kamlaƞ , jùu can profile either a static or a dynamic phase. If jùu co-occurs with a static situation, the situation will be construed as a persistent state. If jùu co-occurs with a dynamic one, it refers to the progressive situation, which is viewed as stative. Since the grammatical aspect marker jùu is grammaticalized from the lexical verb meaning ‘to exist,’ there is a remnant of that meaning when jùu functions as a grammatical aspect marker. Consequently, the grammaticalized viewpoint-aspect marker jùu conveys the meaning that there exists a static or dynamic situation on the time line at the reference time or the speech-act time.
Rizal, Sex and Civilisation
Authors: Reyes Raquel
Published: May 2019

This essay focuses on the work of the Filipino ilustrado, José Rizal, and his interest in the prevailing debate over whether the sexual behaviour of a culture reflects its level of civilisation. Spanish apologists for colonial rule had persistently argued that the Filipinos remained in many ways a backward and primitive people and delighted in alleging in support of their case that lasciviousness and promiscuity were widespread in the Philippines. These allegations caused deep offence to Rizal and his fellow propagandistas, who wanted, as a matter of patriotic honour, to repudiate such colonialist slurs. Through an examination of a selected sample of Rizal’s annotations to Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas, the author explores the ways in which Rizal sought to prove the civilized nature of his people through the assertion of female sexual chastity and sexual honour.
Pali Buddhist Ideas about the Future
Authors: Collins Steven
Published: May 2019

This article surveys ideas of the future—specifically whether it will be (i) worse, (ii) the same, or (iii) better, for individuals and/or society—in the Pali imaginaire, a corpus of texts produced and circulated in the agrarian states of premodern South and Southeast Asia and which survives as a resource for Buddhists in the vastly changed conditions of the modern, globalized world.
Synthesis between Chinese and Western Theatricalities of the Three-Tiered Stage Pleasant Sound Pavilion
Authors: Petcharapiruch Sasiporn
Published: May 2019

The Chinese three-tiered stage Pleasant Sound Pavilion (Chàngyīn Gé 暢音閣) in the Forbidden City is the only “three-tiered stage” chόngtái sāncéng 崇臺三層 (or the “linked performance stage” lián xìtái 連戲 臺) still in existence. It was an innovation of Chinese architecture that reflected the heyday of court theater during the reign of Qianlong (1736–96). This three-tiered stage mirrored the ingenuity of the Qing court theater. How a three-tiered stage like the Pleasant Sound Pavilion was brought to life is quite interesting. It was a synthesis of highly developed traditional Chinese architectural forms and innovations of Western theater, aided by advances in science in the Qing period. However, most importantly, it stemmed from the Emperor Qianlong’s personal passion for Chinese theater. My goal is to analyze the genesis of this extant three-tiered stage and use it as a way to understand traditional Chinese architecture and its ingenuity in the reign of Qianlong, as well as to comprehend characteristics of court theater during this era.
Literary Elements of the Sāstrā Lbaeng
Authors: Pakdeekam Santi
Published: May 2019

This article studies and analyzes the literary elements of the Sāstrā Lbaeng. The “Sāstrā Lbaeng” or “Lbaeng Story” is a genre of medieval Khmer literature, which was composed to provide pleasure and entertainment for its readers. The literary elements of the Sāstrā Lbaeng include nine elements: 1) The eulogies of the Sāstrā Lbaeng classified into three types based on the language used, namely, Pāli, Khmer and Pāli-Khmer eulogies; 2) The date of composition, written after the eulogy; 3) The poet’s critical remarks about his work giving information about the author’s name, identity and career; 4) The purpose of the Sāstrā Lbaeng as being mostly to maintain Buddhism; 5) The source in Buddhist literature which inspired the composition; 6) The opening and setting, which are influenced by the “Story of the present” of the Jātaka literature; 7) The content which reflects the influence of Buddhist concepts; 8) Prachum Jātaka or Samodhāna explains the identity of the characters during the life time of the Buddha; 9) Some of the Sāstrā Lbaeng includes the aspiration of the poet or the audience to attain Nirvana. More than one topic may be included in the postscript.
Discourse of Femininity in Advertisements in Thai Health and Beauty Magazines
Authors: Phakdeephasook Siriporn
Published: May 2019

This paper aims to analyze the discourse of femininity in advertisements for products and services for women published in Thai health and beauty magazines by adopting Critical Discourse Analysis approach. The research questions are: 1) what is the ideology of femininity represented in these advertisements? and 2) what are the linguistic strategies used for representing these ideological concepts? It is found that these advertisements convey an ideology of ‘desirable women’ which consists of three related concepts; 1) Desirable features for women include slim and slender figure; youthful appearance; white, clear, and radiant skin; large, firm, and shapely bust; and odorless privates. These features are construed signs of “healthy beauty.” 2) Some natural bodily conditions which are opposite to the desirable features are problems and enemies. Women with these “problems” are in trouble and lack confidence. 3) Bodily management can be done effortlessly and effectively through the magic of the advertised products and services. Thus, women should improve themselves to be better persons by selecting the right products and services. Various linguistic strategies are manipulated to represent these ideological concepts including the use of lexical selection, claiming common facts, metaphors, overstatements, rhetorical questions, presupposition manipulation, and intertextuality. As for lexical selection, positive words, as well as trendy terms such as “healthily beautiful” and “healthy”, are selected to ratify the attributes to be construed as “desirable.” Also, terms denoting problems and anxieties are used to describe some natural features, which are opposite to the “desirable” ones, as “undesirable features.” Lexical choices denoting ease, short periods of time, and potency are used to describe the effectiveness of bodily improvement processes. Factual claims are adopted to validate ideological concepts. WAR metaphors are used to construe the opposite features as enemies with whom women are fighting against. Overstatement is used to describe the delightful feeling of achieving “desirable” features and the miraculous power of the advertised products or services. Presupposition manipulation is used to imply that some features are problematical, shameful, and even diseased. This further implies that women with what is deemed to be “undesirable” features are in trouble. The use of intertextuality in the form of inserted personal narratives and the citation of scientific facts quotation is used to suggest that the advertised products and services are the right ones for women.
Captive Rhinoceroses in Europe from 1500 until 1810
Authors: Rookmaaker L. C.
Published: May 2019

Between 1500 and 1810 ten rhinoceroses have been recorded in Europe, while two others died on their way to Europe. The history of these animals is given here. Eleven specimens belonged to Rhinoceros unicornis, one to Rhinoceros sondaicus. Two doubtful reports are also on record.
Redescription de l’Amphipode Hypogé Niphargus Puteanus (Koch in Panzer, 1836), Basée sur du Matériel Topotypique
Authors: Stock Jan H.
Published: May 2019

Niphargus puteanus (Koch in Panzer, 1836) is redescribed, in accordance with the criteria formulated by the “First International Colloquium on the Genus Niphargus”, at Verona (1969). The redescription is based on material collected near the type-locality, Regensburg (German Federal Republic). A neotype, and a restricted type-locality, are indicated.
Taxonomy and Zoogeography of Certain Members of the “Sagitta Serratodentata-Group” (Chaetognatha)
Authors: Pierrot-Bults A. C.
Published: May 2019

For the “Sagitta serratodentata-group”, synonymy, morphology and biometrical data are given of S. serratodentata, S. tasmanica and S. pacifica. S. serratodentata is divided into two subspecies, S. serratodentata serratodentata and S. serratodentata atlantica. The zoogeography of all six taxa of the “S. serratodentata-group” is discussed.
The Variability of the Dimensions of the Merus of the Fifth Pereiopod in the Amphipod Gammarus Duebeni Liljeborg, 1852
Authors: Dennert Henk G.
Published: May 2019

The variability of the morphological character on which the distinction between a brackish water and a freshwater subspecies of Gammarus duebeni is based, viz. the ratio merus width/merus length in the fifth walking leg, is studied.

Evidence is given, that the merus dimensions only very partially can be correlated with the distribution and the ecology of G. duebeni. No clear clinal variation can be found in the merus dimensions in Europe.

The subspecies G. d. celticus is found only in inland waters in Ireland and Brittany; the subspecies G. d. duebeni is found in western and northwestern Europe, and in Canada, in brackish water habitats and in some freshwater localities. Evidence is given, that G. d. duebeni has invaded the latter freshwater localities only recently.
Écologie des Octocoralliaires Communs du Substrat dur dans la Région de Banyuls-sur-Mer
Authors: Weinberg Steven
Published: May 2019

Un travail d’écologie a été entrepris, suivant une méthodologie nouvelle, sur le benthos rocheux de la région de Banyuls-sur-Mer (Pyrénées-Orientales, France). Les mesures et le calcul ont permis de mettre en évidence les rapports existants entre certains paramètres physiques et la répartition des animaux étudiés: les Octocoralliaires. La lumière s’est avérée être le facteur écologique le plus important dans les stations sous-marines étudiées.
Freshwater Fishes and Zoogeography of Pakistan
Authors: Mirza Muhammad R.
Published: May 2019

The freshwater fish fauna of Pakistan is briefly discussed. It is predominantly South Asian but High Asian and West Asian elements are also present. The African element is hardly perceptible. Five zoogeographical divisions of Pakistan are proposed on the basis of the composition of their fish fauna: (I) the High Asian Division; (II) the Aba-Sinh Division; (III) the Northwestern Montane Division; (IV) the Indus plain and adjoining hills Division; and (V) the Northwestern Baluchistan Division. South Asia and High Asia are recognized as two subregions within the Oriental Region, while West Asia is treated as a transitional region.
Morphology and Histology of the Reproductive System of Sagitta Planctonis Steinhaus, 1896 (Chaetognatha)
Authors: Pierrot-Bults A.C.
Published: May 2019

The morphology and histology of the reproductive organs of Sagitta planctonis forma planctonis and of S. planctonis forma zetesios are described. No difference in number of oocytes was observed. The existence of a temporary oviduct is questionable. It may be possible that the so-called accessory fertilization cells are not actually participating in fertilization, but they may have a resorptive or secretory function.
On Twelve Species of the Genus Acanthomolgus (Copepoda Cyclopoida: Lichomolgidae) Associated with West Indian Octocorals
Authors: Stock Jan H.
Published: May 2019

Nine new species of Acanthomolgus are described, associated with octocorals from the Netherlands’ Antilles. In addition, notes on three species known already are provided. The species of the genus are subdivided into two groups, the mononyx-group which is exclusively West Indian, and the dionyx-group which is predominantly, but not exclusively, Indo-West Pacific. A key to the West Indian species is presented. Host specificity is strongly pronounced in these associates.
Cercariae found in the Region South-East of Amsterdam
Authors: van den Broek Elisabeth , Bruggeman Ary C.
Published: May 2019

Cercariae have been collected and studied from two sampling areas, situated at a distance of about 5 km of one another, South-East of Amsterdam.

Thirteen species are mentioned in this paper, seven of which are reported from the Netherlands for the first time. Two species are described in detail: an echinostome cercaria tentatively identified as Cercaria deficipinnata Khan, 1960, and a new xiphidiocercaria belonging to the group “armatae”, named Cercaria otiosa n. sp.

The cercarial fauna in the two sampling areas is compared, and possible causes of differences are briefly discussed.
Site Selection and Growth of the Larvae of Eylais Discreta Koenike, 1897 (Acari, Hydrachnellae)
Authors: Davids C. , Nielsen G.J. , Gehring P.
Published: May 2019

The distribution of the larvae of Eylais discreta on the abdominal tergites of the host species Sigara striata, S. falleni and Cymatia coleoptrata is examined.

On S. striata and S. falleni the segments 3 and 4, on C. coleoptrata the segments 2 and 3 are successively preferred. There is but little influence of multiple infestations on this distribution.

The growth rate on the various tergites of S. striata is similar, while on C. coleoptrata a possible difference could not be proved statistically. The larvae of E. discreta generally hibernate on the host; during this phase there is little growth; not until March-April they start growing faster. The larvae on C. coleoptrataare retarded in growth compared to those on S. striata.

The larvae on S. falleni do not show any increase in size; this water bug species is immune to infestation by various Hydrachnellae.
An Electron Microscopical Examination of the Ageing Process of the Wing Muscles of the House Fly (Musca Domestica)
Authors: Diegenbach P.C. , Meijssen-de Ridder E.
Published: May 2019

Morphometric analysis was carried out on wing muscles of the House Fly (Musca domestica), ranging from the pupation period to death. In the first week a clear increase was found in the percentage of food reserve consumed by the cell components. Both fibrils and sarcosomes increase in circumference during the first week. The sarcosomes then fuse.

After the first week few changes occur. The sarcosomal volume increases in male flies. No disintegration or degeneration of the muscle cells appears with old age. Even the fact that the wing of the male flies exhibits abrasion earlier than that of females cannot be correlated with changes in the wing muscles. The ratio of fibrils to sarcosomes is greater than two to one. This ratio differs in males and females.

A gradual decrease in the number of cristae per sarcosome was observed during ageing. This can influence the total activity of the sarcosome. The succinate dehydrogenase reaction is not dependent on age. The presence of two types of sarcosomes is unlikely. Sarcosomes with more cristae are of a darker colour than those with few cristae.
Conservation of Nature in the Marine Environment
Authors: Korringa P.
Published: May 2019

It was on land that the need for conservation of nature was first felt. Setting aside of noteworthy areas for that purpose often led to a serious clash with other interests. Therefore the need was felt to formulate on a scientific basis which factors should be carefully considered in deciding which sections of the continents should be destined for nature conservation. It turned out that all these factors operate directly or indirectly in the interest of man himself, not for nature as such. An effort is made to study the applicability of all these factors in the marine environment. Comparison with the situation on land leads to the conclusion that the recreational value of the coral reefs in tropical areas requires above all measures for their protection, whereas other factors are already duly taken care of or require no action at all for the time being.
The Macro-Invertrbrates of the Rubble Banks of the Abcoudermeer
Authors: Kramers P. , Moen J.E.T. , Roos P.J.
Published: May 2019

In the Abcoudermeer, a small lake S.E. of Amsterdam, the rubble banks were investigated on macro-invertebrates. At least 46 species were encountered, insects and their larvae not included: 1 species of sponge, 1 species of hydrozoan, 6 species of free-living flatworms, 17 species of snails, at least 3 species of mussels, 8 species of leeches, 3 species of crustaceans and 7 species of bryozoans. Differences between two banks are discussed.
Sublittoral hard substrate communities of the southern Delta area, SW Netherlands
Authors: de Kluijver M. J.
Published: May 2019

During 1985 and 1986, sublittoral communities on hard substrates in the southern Delta area, SW Netherlands, were investigated at 79 stations. The stations were distributed over 20 localities situated in the saline Lake Grevelingen, the Oosterschelde estuary and the SE North Sea. The percentage cover of all sessile organisms were estimated using quadrat sampling techniques; data were processed using cluster analysis. The stations were characterized by the assessment of the most important environmental parameters: available light, hydrodynamics and sediment characteristics. Eight sublittoral communities on hard substrates are described by characteristic and dominant species. Three communities are subdivided into variants on account of differences in abundance of the dominant species. This quantitative approach leads to reproduceable results.
Sexual strategies in the newts Triturus Cristatus and Triturus Marmoratus
Authors: Zuiderwijk Annie
Published: May 2019

Courtship display characteristics are described and compared for the newts Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus and patterns of male competitive behaviour are recognized. In interpreting the data, the operational sex ratio has to be taken into account, which was highly biased towards males in both species, more in T. marmoratus than in T. cristatus.

When sexual active, males of cristatus had more encounters than males of marmoratus, whereas the latter spent more time residing mating places. The male’s display towards a female differed in time structure, variability and in behaviour characteristics. T. marmoratus display follows a fixed pattern; males succeeded better in restraining a female than males cristatus did. Courting males cristatus allowed other males to intrude. Malemale encounters were longer and playful in T. cristatus, more violent in T. marmoratus. Comparison with data from the literature indicates that courtship of T. marmoratus has more features in common with that of T. vittatus than it has with the courtship of T. cristatus.

It is suggested that in the course of evolution T. marmoratus adopted a strategy of Sexual Defense by means of territoriality and overt fighting, whereas T. cristatus in contrast adopted a strategy of Sexual Interference by female mimicry. Male display components that played a major role during the adaptation of competitive strategy are identified as the “whip” behaviour in T. marmoratus and the “rocking” behaviour in T. cristatus.
Hyssuridae from the Caribbean coast of Colombia, with descriptions of four new species (Isopoda: Anthuridea)
Authors: Müller Hans-Georg
Published: May 2019

Four species of Hyssuridae (Isopoda) new to science are recorded from various locations along the coast of the Santa Marta area, Colombia-Caribbean. Their relationships are discussed.
A new family of harpacticoid copepods and an analysis of the phylogenetic relationships within the Laophontoidea T. Scott
Authors: Huys Rony
Published: May 2019

A new family Cristacoxidae is proposed to accommodate the monotypic genera Cristacoxa gen. nov., Noodtorthopsyllus Lang (ex Canthocamptidae) and Cubanocleta Petkovski (ex Laophontidae). Cristacoxa petkovskii gen. et spec. nov. is described on the basis of a single male collected from coralline sand of Bonaire, West Indies. N. psammophilus Noodt and C. noodti Petkovski are redescribed and refigured on the basis of new material from the Galápagos (Isla Santa Cruz), the West Indian Islands (Curaçao, Klein Curaçao, Bonaire) and the Canary Islands (El Hierro, Tenerife). The new family is characterised by the presence of an outer spinous process on the first antennular segment, the absence of the antennary exopod, the uniramous mandibular palp, the presence of conspicuous cristae on the precoxa and coxa of leg 1 and the elongation of the apical exopodal spines of P2 to P4. The Cristacoxidae are unique in having an equal number of setae/spines onthe P5 in both sexes. Examination of the ontogeny of this leg in males and females of Orthopsyllus spec. gives strong evidence that the cristacoxid P5 has undergone neotenous evolution. Males of Cristacoxidae are readily recognisable by their extremely long spermatophores. The new family is allocated to the superfamily Laophontoidea T. Scott, together with the Laophontidae T. Scott, the Laophontopsidae Huys & Willems, the Orthopsyllidae Huys and the Adenopleurellidae Huys. A phylogenetic analysis of the relationships within the superfamily is presented, and as a result Por’s (1986) concept of the Laophontoidea is refuted. Instead, it is concluded that the superfamily can be defined on the basis of the following apomorphies: (1) antennules with outer spinous process on segment 2; (2) antenna with allobasis bearing 1 seta; (3) antennary exopod quadrisetose; (4) P1 exopod without inner seta on exp-2 and 4 setae/spines on exp-3; (5) P1 endopod 2-segmented with elongated enp-1 and 2 elements on enp-2; (6) P2—P4 with 2-segmented endopods; exp-1 without inner seta; (7) sexual dimorphism of P3 endopod; (8) P6 bisetose with one member fused to somite. There is no close relationship neither with the Normanellidae Lang, nor with the Ancorabolidae T. Scott. The Laophontidae are considered the first offshoot in the evolution of the Laophontoidea because of the retention of the 8-segmented antennule in both sexes and the ancestral seta formulae on P2–P4. The other families can be assigned to two clades: the Adenopleurellidaeand the Laophontopsidae-Cristacoxidae- Orthopsyllidae-grouping. The Laophontopsidae and the Cristacoxidae are sister groups because of the shared sexual dimorphism of the P3 endopod (advanced type), and the fusion of antennular segments distal to the geniculation in the male. Emphasis is placed on the postembryonic development in the Laophontoidea of the male P3 endopod and P6 and on their homologies in the female. A reconstruction of the hypothetical ancestor of the Laophontoideais presented.
A biosystematic basis for pelagic biodiversity
Authors: van der Spoel S.
Published: May 2019

Biodiversity can be considered to be a human appreciation of the biological entity diversity. Diversity can be expressed numerically on the basis of taxa found, but it can also be expressed as the contribution of a specimen to the diversity, for which a formula is proposed. Diversity is the sum of the taxonomic or numerical diversity, and the ecological, genetical, historical, and phylogenetic diversity. Moreover, each group, or larger taxon, has its own characteristic diversity. These types of diversity are considered separately. One formula is tentatively proposed to calculate the overall diversity. Diversity in nature is variable, which is demonstrated in a diagram for comparison with society-induced diversity changes. Diversity in the pelagic fluctuates differently from biomass fluctuations, but biomass fluctuations also influence diversity fluctuations. From a scientific and an environmental preservation point of view, special studies should be devoted to the Indo-Malayan neritic and oceanic waters, the neritic temperate and subtropical waters, the tropical waters in general, and especially to the Atlantic and Pacific Central waters.
A new species of Microlestes Schmidt-Gobel, 1846 (Coleoptera: Carabidae) Southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Portugal) with illustrated keys for the identification of the Iberian-Balearic species
Authors: ORTUÑO VICENTE M. , OLIVEIRA AMALIA ESPIRIDIÃO
Published: May 2019

A new species of Microlestes Schmidt-Gobel, 1846 is described from the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, Portugal. This new species was found in the Rede Natura 2000 Serra de Monchique area (Algarve). Microlestes aljezurensis n. sp. presents three anatomical characteristics that make it a very singular species: 1) unlike other Microlestes species, it shows a pronounced sexual dimorphism in the legs in the form of dentiform processes, more or less conspicuous, in the male mesofemur, mesotibia and metatibia; 2) the last abdominal sternite shows a slight marginal notch in the male; and 3) the median lobe of the aedeagus shows a tooth on the ventral side. Comments on the ecology and distribution are presented for this species. An illustrated key to the identification of the Iberian-Balearic species, with illustrations of the genitalia and other anatomical characteristics, is also included.
Mitigation of Striping Noise in ATMS Calibration Counts by Symmetric Filters
Authors: Tian Xiaoxu , Zou Xiaolei
Published: May 2019

Global observations from the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) onboard the Suomi National Polar-Orbiting Partnership satellite are affected by striping-patterned noise. An optimal symmetric filter method to mitigate the striping noise in warm counts, cold counts, warm load temperatures, and scene counts instead of antenna temperatures is developed and tested in this study. The optimal filters are developed based on the results free of striping noise obtained with a striping noise detecting method by combining the principal component analysis and the ensemble empirical mode decomposition. The two-point algorithm is then used to calculate antenna temperatures with warm counts, cold counts, warm load temperatures, and scene counts before and after applying the optimal filters. The necessity of applying the striping noise mitigation to the scene counts besides the calibration counts (warm and cold counts) is also shown. This explains why the traditional method to smooth only calibration counts has failed to remove the ATMS striping noise. The optimal filters proposed in this study, which remove the high-frequency striping noise without altering low-frequency weather signals, outperform the conventional boxcar filters adopted in the current operational ATMS calibration system.
Understanding control in communities of practice: Constructive disobedience in a high-tech firm
Authors: Rennstam Jens , Kärreman Dan
Published: May 2019

Communities of practice (CoPs) represent a broad range of work situations characterized by shared knowledge and situated knowledge use. Although CoPs have been studied rather extensively, discussions of control in CoPs are rarer. This is peculiar because CoPs are characterized by a common tension in contemporary work: on the one hand, CoPs are expected to autonomously “think together,” but on the other they are expected to be responsive to various managerial control attempts. We interrogate this tension in an ethnographic study of engineering work, where we found that in response to management control the engineering communities engaged in constructive disobedience – that is, subversion and displacement of rules and orders to construct a dynamic of control where work can be executed autonomously. By associating constructive disobedience with control in CoPs, our study contributes with insight into and theorization of how management control is dealt with and how control operates in work characterized by CoPs. The study also provides deepened insight into the limits of management control and how professionalism may be maintained despite increased management. These insights may support development of a more knowledgeable and nuanced approach to attempts at managing communities of practice.
Effects of Social Relations at Work and Support From Family and Friends on the Consequences of Inmate Violence on Correctional Staff Burnout
Authors: Isenhardt Anna , Hostettler Ueli , Ramseier Erich
Published: May 2019

This article explores (a) the influence of positive relationships with direct supervisors and co-workers, and feelings of support from family and friends, on burnout and the sense of security and (b) their hypothetical buffering influence on the harmful effects of being a victim of inmate violence or observing violence between inmates in a sample of Swiss correctional staff ( N = 2,045). Moderated mediation path models indicated that all forms of social relationships increased the sense of security and decreased burnout. A positive relationship with direct supervisors had no significant moderating effect. A high degree of cohesion with colleagues ameliorated the adverse effects of observing violence between inmates on the sense of security and, mediated by the sense of security, on burnout. This buffering effect was only significant for male employees. Support from family and friends did not act as a buffer; on the contrary, it amplified the effects of violence.
Adaptive fault tolerant control of dissimilar redundant actuation system of civil aircraft based on integral sliding mode control strategy
Authors: Ijaz Salman , Hamayun Mirza Tariq , Yan Lin , Ijaz Hamdoon , Shi Cun
Published: May 2019

In modern aircraft, the dissimilar redundant actuation system is used to resolve the actuator failure issues due to the common cause, thus increasing the system reliability. This paper proposes an adaptive integral sliding mode fault tolerant control strategy to deal with actuator fault/failure in the dissimilar redundant actuation system of civil aircraft. To cope with the unknown actuator faults, the adaptive integral sliding mode controller is designed where the modulation gain is made adaptive to the fault. To deal with the complete failure of certain actuator, the integral sliding mode control is integrated with control allocation scheme and distribute the control input signals to the redundant actuators. The performance of the proposed scheme is tested on the nonlinear model of dissimilar redundant actuation system, where the effect of external airload is accounted during simulations. The effectiveness of the proposed scheme is validated by comparing the simulations with the existing literature.
Levy-particle swarm optimization intelligent search-based iterative identification for nonparametric models of bilinear systems with Gaussian mixture noises
Authors: Wang Zhu , Zhao Likai , Luo Xionglin
Published: May 2019

Motivated by the fact that the model-based robust identification has not been studied extensively, a novel iterative identification method is proposed for the nonparametric model of bilinear systems with Gaussian mixture noises. The proposed method is robust to the impulsive disturbances, and combines intelligent search techniques with robust estimation theories. Firstly, the block-oriented Wiener-Hammerstein model is adopted to achieve the fast modeling, and the Levy-particle swarm optimization intelligent search is exploited for the parameter estimation. Secondly, according to re-descending M-estimators, the weighted cost function is designed to suppress the influence of outliers. Thirdly, based on the Levy-PSO intelligent search and the weighted cost function, the iterative identification procedure is conducted to obtain the robust and accurate parameter estimates. Finally, the simulation tests demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed model and the proposed method.
A state of the art review on the prediction of building energy consumption using data-driven technique and evolutionary algorithms
Authors: Li Kangji , Xue Wenping , Tan Gang , Denzer Anthony S
Published: May 2019

Energy consumption forecasting for buildings plays a significant role in building energy management, conservation and fault diagnosis. Owing to the ease of use and adaptability of optimal solution seeking, data-driven techniques have proved to be accurate and efficient tools in recent years. This study provides a comprehensive review on the existing data-driven approaches for building energy forecasting, such as regression models, artificial neural networks, support vector machines, fuzzy models, grey models, etc. On this basis, the paper puts emphasis to the discussion on evolutionary algorithms hybridized models that combine evolutionary algorithms with regular data-driven models to improve prediction accuracy and robustness. Various combinations of such hybrid models are classified and their characteristics are analyzed. Finally, a detailed discussion on the advantages and challenges of current predictive models is provided.

Practical Application: Building energy consumption prediction is important for building energy management, efficiency and fault diagnosis. For existing buildings, multisourced, heterogeneous or inadequate data-driven models may lead to convergence problem or poor model accuracy. To this end, a state of art review on building energy forecasting technique is helpful for related professionals in the building industry.