bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A national assessment of on‐premise drinking establishments near public universities: Drink prices, drink specials, indoor tobacco use, and state‐level alcohol laws
Authors: LoParco Cassidy R. , Walker Andrew , Livingston Melvin D. , Khoshhal Bita , Gonzalez‐Pons Kwynn M. , Soule Eric , Treffers Ryan , Rossheim Matthew E.
Published: September 2022

Background

Inexpensive drinks and price promotions increase alcohol consumption and have been observed at on‐premise drinking establishments near large colleges. Some bars may sell tobacco products and allow indoor tobacco use to encourage patrons to stay and drink more. This study examined drink prices/specials and associated practices of on‐premise drinking establishments including tobacco sales and policies regarding tobacco use.

Methods

In 2018, telephone calls about prices/practices were made to 403 randomly selected bars/nightclubs within 2 miles of large residential universities in each U.S. state. The Alcohol Policy Information System provided data on state‐level alcohol laws. Multivariable linear and logistic regression models examined associations between alcohol prices/specials, state laws, and establishment practices.

Results

The average price for the least expensive draft beer and a vodka shot at each location were $3.62 (SD = $1.15) and $4.77 (SD = $1.16), respectively. Most establishments (65%) had happy hour specials, 6% had 2‐for‐1 specials, 91% sold food, 9% sold cigarettes, 8% allowed smoking indoors, and 18% permitted electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) use indoors. Allowing e‐cigarette use indoors (b = −0.54) and selling cigarettes (b = −0.79) were associated with lower vodka prices; allowing cigarette smoking indoors (b = −0.46) was associated with lower beer prices. Lower beer prices (OR = 1.38), selling food (OR = 2.97), and no state law banning happy hour specials altogether (OR = 4.24) or with full‐day price reduction exemptions (OR = 12.74) were associated with higher odds of having happy hour specials. Allowing e‐cigarette use indoors was associated with having 2‐for‐1 specials (OR = 6.38).

Conclusion

In bars near large public universities, beers and shots were often available for less than $5 and drink specials were prevalent. Further, some establishments allowed tobacco use indoors and/or sold cigarettes. Laws that increase alcohol taxes, set minimum drink prices, and ban the sale and indoor use of tobacco products at on‐premise drinking locations are important harm reduction tools.
Assessing potential conflicts between offshore wind farms and migration patterns of a threatened shorebird species
Authors: Schwemmer P. , Pederson R. , Haecker K. , Bocher P. , Fort J. , Mercker M. , Jiguet F. , Elts J. , Marja R. , Piha M. , Rousseau P. , Garthe S.
Published: September 2022

Installation of offshore wind farms (OWFs) is becoming increasingly important to ensure a reduction in greenhouse gas emissions; however, OWFs also pose a threat to migrating birds and other wildlife. Informed marine spatial planning is therefore crucial, but individual‐based high‐resolution data on bird migration across the sea are currently lacking. We equipped 51 individuals of the near threatened Eurasian curlew Numenius arquata with GPS tags (118 flight tracks) across multiple years and countries to assess their four‐dimensional migration routes across the Baltic Sea (i.e. flight tracks, altitudes, phenology and diurnal patterns), to inform collision‐risk models and assess potential conflicts with current and future OWFs. Despite a broad‐front migration, we identified core migration areas in the south‐western Baltic Sea (and adjacent mainland), largely overlapping with already operating OWFs. Generalized linear models based on a resampling procedure to overcome autocorrelation of tracking data showed that flight altitudes across the sea and during autumn (median: 60 m) were significantly lower than those across land (median: 335 m) and during spring (median across sea: 150; median across land: 576 m). Across the sea, curlews spent 74.8% and 62.2% of their migration times below 300 m during autumn and spring, respectively, indicating a potentially high collision risk with OWFs. The mean flight speed was 56.3 km/h (±20.3 km/h). Migration intensity was highest at night over a 10‐day period during April, suggesting that restricted turbine operation for several days might be a possible management measure. Our study showed that, even for broad‐front migrants, it is possible to identify particularly sensitive sea areas deserving special protection enabling a sound marine spatial planning. This is a crucial finding also for various other shorebirds on the East Atlantic Flyway. Further studies are needed to assess the behavioural reactions of migrating birds with respect to OWFs using high‐resolution tracking data.
The impact of inflammatory markers on prognosis of stage II colon cancers depends on tumour sidedness
Authors: Chang Jui‐Shen , Cheng Hou‐Hsuan , Huang Sheng‐Chieh , Lin Hung‐Hsin , Chang Shih‐Ching , Lin Chun‐Chi
Published: September 2022

Backgrounds

Accumulating evidence has reported a high correlation between inflammatory markers and oncological outcomes in colorectal cancer. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prognostic values of five inflammatory markers in stage II colon cancer patients with different tumour locations.

Methods

The consecutive stage II colon adenocarcinoma patients undergoing curative resection were analysed retrospectively. ROC curves and the area under the curve (AUCs) via bootstrap method were used to analyse the prognostic impact of various inflammatory markers, including neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (PLR), lymphocyte‐to‐monocyte ratio (LMR), systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) and prognostic nutrition index (PNI).

Results

A total of 768 patients were enrolled for analysis. In univariate analysis, right‐sided colon cancer (RCC) patients have significantly higher mean levels of all inflammatory markers than left‐sided colon cancer (LCC) patients. In multivariate analyses, high NLR in LCC (P = 0.025) and low PNI in both RCC (P = 0.049) and LCC (P = 0.027) were significantly associated with a worse OS while none of the inflammatory markers was found to have a significant impact on DFS or CSS.

Conclusions

The profiles and prognostic impact of inflammatory markers are significantly different between stage II RCC and LCC patients. Researchers should take sidedness into consideration when addressing survival analysis of inflammatory markers.
A single‐centre, open‐label, single‐arm, fixed‐sequence pharmacokinetic study of SHR3680 on repaglinide and bupropion in prostate cancer patients
Authors: Dai Tao , Xu Zhenzhou , Huang Liang , Wang Yike , Zeng Gongqian , Ye Mingji , Liu Kan , Zeng Fuhua , Jiang Shusuan , Han Weiqing , Cao Jingying
Published: September 2022

To evaluate the pharmacokinetic effects of SHR3680 on repaglinide and bupropion and its metabolite hydroxybupropion.

Methods

A single‐centre, open‐label, single‐arm, fixed‐sequence clinical trial in 18 patients with prostate cancer.

Results

After a single oral dose of 0.5 mg repaglinide and SHR3680, geometric mean peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of plasma repaglinide was 14.240 and 5.887 ng/mL, geometric mean area under the concentration–time curve (AUC0–t)was 20.577 and 7.320 h ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–∞ was 20.949 and 7.451 h ng/mL, mean half‐life (t1/2) was 1.629 and 1.195 hours, and geometric mean oral clearance (CL/F) was 23.867 and 67.107 L/h, respectively. After a single oral administration of 150 mg bupropion and SHR3680, geometric mean Cmax of plasma bupropion was 85.430 and 33.747 ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–t was 1003.896 and 380.158 h ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–∞ was 1038.054 and 401.387 h ng/mL, mean t1/2 was 22.533 and 17.733 hours, and geometric mean CL/F was 144.501 and 373.705 L/h, respectively. The plasma geometric mean Cmax of its main active metabolic hydroxybupropion was 268.113 and 177.318 ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–t was 14 283.087 and 5420.219 h ng/mL, geometric mean AUC0–∞ was 15 218.158 and 5364.625 h ng/mL, mean t1/2 were 36.069 and 16.688 hours, and geometric mean CL/F was 8.623 L/h and 27.961 L/h, respectively.

Conclusion

Coadministration of SHR3680 with repaglinide or bupropion significantly shortened the elimination half‐lives, significantly increased the apparent clearance rate, and significantly decreased the in vivo exposure of repaglinide, bupropion and hydroxybupropion compared with single administration of repaglinide or bupropion.
Community pharmacists' participation in adult vaccination: A cross‐sectional survey based on the theoretical domains framework
Authors: El Hajj Maguy Saffouh , Al‐Ziftawi Nour , Stewart Derek , Al‐Khater Dhabya Mohamed A. Y.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

This study aims to assess Qatar community pharmacists' practices in advocating and promoting adult vaccination and to characterize and quantify potential determinants of participation in adult vaccination as vaccine administrators, based on the theoretical domains framework (TDF).

Methods

A cross‐sectional survey of a randomly selected sample of community pharmacists in Qatar was conducted using a self‐administered validated questionnaire. Items in the questionnaire on potential determinants of participation in adult vaccination were based on TDF. TDF items were subjected to principal components analysis.

Results

In total, 271 respondents completed the questionnaire (67.7%). Most respondents (83.5%) did not have any previous training in vaccination administration and were not involved in any vaccine‐related advocacy activities (78.9%). Principal components analysis of TDF items gave eight components: pharmacists' perceived knowledge and skills (median score of 22, interquartile range [IQR] 17–26, possible range: 7–35); perceived confidence (16; IQR 12–20, possible range: 5–25); perceived external support (9; IQR 7–11, possible range: 3–15); professional role identity (38; IQR 33–42, possible range: 11–55); emotions (10; IQR 9–12, possible range: 3–15); perceived consequences (22; IQR 18–24, possible range: 6–30); perceived usefulness (16; IQR 14–18, possible range: 4–20); and behaviour control (6; IQR 4–8, possible range: 2–10).

Conclusion

Pharmacists' perceived knowledge, skills, confidence and behavioural control are potentially important factors to address to facilitate participation in vaccination administration in Qatar. Along with providing vaccination training to community pharmacists, there is a need to change the current pharmacy practice structure to improve managerial and government support for and to equip pharmacies with resources for this role.
Bleeding events among patients concomitantly treated with direct oral anticoagulants and macrolide or fluoroquinolone antibiotics
Authors: Yagi Tatsuya , Mannheimer Buster , Reutfors Johan , Ursing Johan , Giunta Diego Hernan , Kieler Helle , Linder Marie
Published: September 2022

Fluoroquinolones and macrolides may, due to a potential drug‐drug interaction, increase the concentration of any concomitantly administered direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) and thereby increase the risk of severe bleeding. However, clinical evidence for such an effect is scarce. The present study aimed to evaluate the association between the use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides and bleeding events in patients with concomitant DOAC use. This was a nationwide cohort study including 19 288 users of DOACs in 2008‐2018 using information from Swedish national health registers. We compared the incidence of bleeding events associated with use of fluoroquinolones or macrolides using doxycycline as a negative control. Cox regression was used to calculate crude and adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) in time windows of various length of follow‐up after the start of antibiotic use. The incidence rates for fluoroquinolones and macrolides ranged from 12 to 24 and from 12 to 53 bleeding events per 100 000 patients in the investigated time windows. The aHRs (95% confidence interval) for use of fluoroquinolones and macrolides were 1.29 (0.69‐2.44) and 2.60 (0.74‐9.08) at the concomitant window, 1.31 (0.84‐2.03) and 1.79 (0.75‐4.29) at 30 days, and 1.34 (0.99‐1.82) and 1.28 (0.62‐2.65) at 150 days, respectively. With regard to fluoroquinolones, the present study suggests that the risk of bleeding when combined with DOACs, if any, is small. Codispensation of macrolides in patients on DOACs was not associated with an increased risk of bleeding. However, due to the small number of macrolide users, the results must be interpreted with caution.
Exotic asphyxiation: interactions between invasive species and hypoxia
Authors: Byers James E. , Blaze Julie A. , Dodd Alannah C. , Hall Hannah L. , Gribben Paul E.
Published: September 2022

Non‐indigenous species (NIS) and hypoxia (<2 mg O2 l−1) can disturb and restructure aquatic communities. Both are heavily influenced by human activities and are intensifying with global change. As these disturbances increase, understanding how they interact to affect native species and systems is essential. To expose patterns, outcomes, and generalizations, we thoroughly reviewed the biological invasion literature and compiled 100 studies that examine the interaction of hypoxia and NIS. We found that 64% of studies showed that NIS are tolerant of hypoxia, and 62% showed that NIS perform better than native species under hypoxia. Only one‐quarter of studies examined NIS as creators of hypoxia; thus, NIS are more often considered passengers associated with hypoxia, rather than drivers of it. Paradoxically, the NIS that most commonly create hypoxia are primary producers. Taxa like molluscs are typically more hypoxia tolerant than mobile taxa like fish and crustaceans. Most studies examine individual‐level or localized responses to hypoxia; however, the most extensive impacts occur when hypoxia associated with NIS affects communities and ecosystems. We discuss how these influences of hypoxia at higher levels of organization better inform net outcomes of the biological invasion process, i.e. establishment, spread, and impact, and are thus most useful to management. Our review identifies wide variation in the way in which the interaction between hypoxia and NIS is studied in the literature, and suggests ways to address the number of variables that affect their interaction and refine insight gleaned from future studies. We also identify a clear need for resource management to consider the interactive effects of these two global stressors which are almost exclusively managed independently.
Saxagliptin combined with additional oral antihyperglycaemic agents in drug‐naive diabetic patients with high glycosylated haemoglobin: A 24‐week, multicentre, randomized, open‐label, active parallel‐controlled group clinical trial in China (SUCCESS)
Authors: Chen Xiaoping , Jiang Hongwei , Li Hongmei , Kuang Hongyu , Chen Li , Ma Jianhua , Zhang Qiu , Pan Tianrong , Yang Wenying ,   SUCCESS study investigators
Published: September 2022

Aim

To assess the efficacy and safety of a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4) inhibitor combined respectively with three oral antihyperglycaemic agents in Chinese patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with high levels of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

Materials and methods

Between 30 December 2014 and 1 November 2017, a 24‐week, multicentre, parallel‐controlled study was performed on drug‐naive T2DM patients. In total, 648 patients with 8.0% ≤ HbA1c ≤ 11.0%, aged 18‐80 years and body mass index (BMI) 19‐40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive saxagliptin (Saxa) combined with metformin (Met), acarbose (Aca) or gliclazide (Gli) modified release (MR) tablets (Saxa + Met, Saxa + Aca and Saxa + Gli). The primary outcome was the absolute change in HbA1c from baseline; secondary outcome was the percentage of patients achieving HbA1c <7.0% and ≤6.5%.

Results

Each treatment arm contained 216 patients; overall, 583 completed the 24‐week trial. At 24 weeks, the mean (95% confidence interval) change in HbA1c from baseline in Saxa + Met, Saxa + Aca and Saxa + Gli were, respectively: –2.9% [–3.1, –2.8]; –2.6% [–2.8, –2.5]; and –2.8% [–2.9, –2.6] (overall p = .04, Saxa + Aca vs. Saxa + Met, p = .010, Saxa + Gli vs. Saxa + Met, p = 0.18). At 24 weeks, 84.9%, 74.7% and 80.3% of participants were at HbA1c <7.0% (overall p = .05); and 72.6%, 59.8% and 63.3% were HbA1c ≤6.5% (overall p = 0.10). The rates of minor or symptomatic hypoglycaemia were very low.

Conclusions

Initial treatment with a DPP‐4 inhibitor combined with Metform, alpha‐glycosidase inhibitor or sulphonylurea was safe and effective for patients with newly diagnosed T2DM and high HbA1c. DPP‐4 inhibitor combined with Met showed the best efficacy for this population.
Effect of stress ratio on high cycle fatigue behavior of TNM‐TiAl alloy
Authors: Sun Guanze , Cao Rui , Zhou Xin , Jiang Xiao Xia , Wang Hongwei
Published: September 2022

In order to investigate the effect of stress ratio on room temperature high‐cycle fatigue life of Ti‐43.5Al‐4Nb‐1Mo‐0.1B alloy, high‐cycle fatigue life test of TNM‐TiAl alloy at stress ratio of −1, −0.5, 0.1, 0.5, 0.8, and 1 was performed on the universal testing machine. The fracture mechanism of TNM‐TiAl alloy under different stress ratios was determined by observation and analysis of microstructure and fracture surface by scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and optical microscope (OM). The results show that fatigue life of TNM‐TiAl alloy with different stress ratios is mainly affected by the mean stress and stress amplitude. The fatigue life decreases with the increase of the stress amplitude and with the decrease of the mean stress. When the stress amplitude is constant, the higher the stress ratio is, the higher the mean stress in the loading process is, the lower the fatigue life is. The sensitivity of the stress amplitude of TNM‐TiAl alloy gradually increases with the increase of the stress ratio. The different cracking mechanism and fracture mechanisms at various stress ratio are revealed.
Using GRACE to Detect Groundwater Variation in North China Plain after South–North Water Diversion
Authors: Xiong Jinghua , Yin Jiabo , Guo Shenglian , Yin Wenjie , Rao Weilong , Chao Nengfang , Abhishek
Published: September 2022

The gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) and its Follow‐On mission provide a versatile tool for monitoring groundwater depletion in North China Plain (NCP). However, intermittent data gaps and inherent coarse spatial resolution have restricted the continuous detection of regional groundwater storage anomaly (GWSA) after 2014, the period of interest during the implementation of the south‐to‐north water diversion middle route project (SNWDP). Here, we investigated the spatiotemporal changes of GWSA in the NCP during 2004 to 2020 based on continuous downscaled GRACE data. First, we derived the continuous terrestrial water storage anomaly from six GRACE and Follow‐On solutions (i.e., spherical harmonics (SH) and mass concentration [mascon] solutions). Second, we employed a long short‐term memory (LSTM) model and water balance equation to downscale GWSA (i.e., 0.25° × 0.25°). Lastly, we investigated its spatiotemporal characteristics before (2004 to 2014) and after (2015 to 2020) the SNWDP operation. We show the applicability of the continuous downscaled GWSA to capture the characteristics of in situ measurements. The GWSA detects groundwater depletion at a significant (p < 0.05) rate of −17.09 ± 1.80 (SH) and −17.87 ± 1.65 (mascon) mm/a during 2004 to 2014, but a recovering trend of 7.18 ± 3.98 (SH) and 8.23 ± 4.99 (mascon) during 2015 to 2018. The subsequent groundwater extraction and precipitation reduction from 2019 to 2020, resulted in the decreasing trend of GWSA from 2015 to 2020, which is −19.11 ± 8.75 (SH) and −19.72 ± 9.08 mm/a (mascon), respectively. Spatially, the overall depletion trends become nonsignificant along the canals of SNWDP compared to the period 2004 to 2014, and groundwater recovering with trends <6 mm/a near Beijing and Tianjin are detected by the mascon solution during 2015 to 2020.
Emotional disturbance and risk factors among COVID‐19 confirmed cases in isolation hotels
Authors: Ling Mao‐Sheng , Wang Chao‐Ping , Hsieh Yu‐Ling , Lin Yi‐Ping , Lee Pi‐Chung , Hu Sophia , Hung Fang‐Ming
Published: September 2022

Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has been isolated in hospital‐managed isolation hotels under a policy of the Taiwan government. Centrally isolation patients are more likely to experience psychological symptoms. The purpose of the study was to investigate emotional disturbance during their isolation period and then pinpoint the factors during their isolation period associated with the emotional disturbance. We retrospectively analysed the medical charts of the patients confined to a Banqiao isolation hotel between May 28 and July 3, 2021. The 5‐item brief symptom rating scale (BSRS‐5) was used to evaluate emotional disturbance levels. Descriptive and logistic regression was used for the data analysis. In total, 197 complete medical records were reviewed, and of these 84 (42.6%) showed emotional disturbance. The majority of them reported only minor disturbance (n = 49, 58.3%). After controlling for confounding factors, being satisfied about medical information was the only protective factor associated with emotional disturbance (OR = 0.2, P = 0.018). Being a male patient (OR = 3.0, P = 0.005), worrying about stigmatization (OR = 2.2, P = 0.041) and being unable to contact family members (OR = 2.9, P = 0.018) increased the risk of experiencing emotional disturbance. Patients with clinical symptoms, namely sore throat (OR = 3.4, P = 0.013) and muscle aches (OR = 6.3, P = 0.005), were also found to be more likely to report emotional disturbance. Mental disturbance commonly occurs among patient with COVID‐19 who are isolated in a hospital‐managed hotel. Being a male patient, having symptoms, namely a sore throat and muscle pain, being unable to contact family and/or a failure to receive sufficient medical information were found to be associated with emotional disturbance. In order to help isolated patients, government officials should provide a clear rationale for isolation and recognize the patients' efforts to follow the government's policy, which will help to minimize social stigma.
Mir‐122 upregulation and let‐7f downregulation combination: The effects on hepatic differentiation of hiPSCs on the PCL‐Gel‐HA nanofibrous scaffold
Authors: Parvanak Maliheh , Mostafavi‐Pour Zohreh , Soleimani Masoud , Atashi Amir , Arefian Ehsan , Esmaeili Elaheh
Published: September 2022

Cell therapy and tissue engineering as promising candidates for the liver transplantation dilemma are of special interest. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are one of the best sources in this field, but their differentiation methods to hepatocytes have remained challenging. We transduced human iPSCs (hiPSCs) with miR‐122 and off‐let‐7f (hiPSCsmiR‐122 + off‐let‐7f) to evaluate how they can differentiate hiPSCs to hepatocyte‐like cells (HLCs) without any extrinsic growth factor. Additionally, we studied the effect of Poly ɛ‐caprolactone‐gelatin‐hyaluronic acid (PCL‐Gel‐HA) nanofibrous scaffold as an extracellular matrix (ECM) simulator on differentiation improvement. Definitive endoderm markers (FOXA2 and SOX17), as well as hepatic markers (AFP, Albumin, CK18, HNF4α) expression, were significantly higher in hiPSCsmiR‐122 + off‐let‐7f derived HLCs (hiPSCs‐HLCs) compared to the control group (miR‐scramble transduced hiPSCs: hiPSCsscramble). hiPSCs‐HLCs indicated hepatocyte morphological characteristics and positive immunostaining for AFP, Albumin and HNF4α. Albumin and urea secretion were significantly higher in hiPSCs‐HLCs than hiPSCsscramble. Comparing these markers in the PCL‐Gel‐HA group with the tissue culture plate (TCP) group revealed that PCL‐Gel‐HA could improve differentiation towards HLCs significantly. Regarding our results, these microRNAs can be used to differentiate hiPSCs to the functional hepatocytes for disease modelling, drug screening and cell‐based therapy in future studies.
Multicentre implementation of a nursing competency framework at a provincial scale: A qualitative description of facilitators and barriers
Authors: Lavoie Patrick , Boyer Louise , Pepin Jacinthe , Déry Johanne , Lavoie‐Tremblay Mélanie , Paquet Maxime , Bolduc Jolianne
Published: September 2022

Rationale

Nurses are responsible for engaging in continuing professional development throughout their careers. This implies that they use tools such as competency frameworks to assess their level of development, identify their learning needs, and plan actions to achieve their learning goals. Although multiple competency frameworks and guidelines for their development have been proposed, the literature on their implementation in clinical settings is sparser. If the complexity of practice creates a need for context‐sensitive competency frameworks, their implementation may also be subject to various facilitators and barriers.

Aims and Objectives

To document the facilitators and barriers to implementing a nursing competency framework on a provincial scale.

Methods

This multicentre study was part of a provincial project to implement a nursing competency framework in Quebec, Canada, using a three‐step process based on evidence from implementation science. Nurses’ participation consisted in the self‐assessment of their competencies using the framework. For this qualitative descriptive study, 58 stakeholders from 12 organizations involved in the first wave of implementation participated in group interviews to discuss their experience with the implementation process and their perceptions of facilitators and barriers. Data were subjected to thematic analysis.

Results

Analysis of the data yielded five themes: finding the ‘right unit’ despite an unfavourable context; taking and protecting time for self‐assessment; creating value around competency assessment; bringing the project as close to the nurses as possible; making the framework accessible.

Conclusion

This study was one of the first to document the large‐scale, multi‐site implementation of a nursing competency framework in clinical settings. This project represented a unique challenge because it involved two crucial changes: adopting a competency‐based approach focused on educational outcomes and accountability to the public and valorizing a learning culture where nurses become active stakeholders in their continuing professional development.
Introduction to the special issue on theorizing families, anti‐racism, and social justice
Authors: van Eeden‐Moorefield Brad , Shih Kristy
Published: September 2022

This article introduces JFTR's contributions to the collaborative, three journal special issue on “Transformative family scholarship: Theory, practice, and research at the intersection of families, anti‐racism, and social justice.” We provide a brief perspective on the context from which this collaboration emerged, situate ourselves as Co‐Guest Editors in relation to our commitments to anti‐racism and social justice, and briefly describe the contributions of articles included in this volume. We conclude by offering a couple of directions for the future.
Employing hyaluronic acid‐based mesotherapy for facial rejuvenation
Authors: Iranmanesh Behzad , Khalili Maryam , Mohammadi Saman , Amiri Rezvan , Aflatoonian Mahin
Published: September 2022

Background

Mesotherapy is a method of treatment in which biocompatible substances are injected in small aliquots into different levels of skin. This technique can be used for facial rejuvenation.

Aim

To comprehensively evaluate efficacy of different hyaluronic acid (HA) materials for skin rejuvenation, and discuss longevity of these products, potential adverse effects, and different injection techniques.

Material and Methods

We searched Pubmed, Scopus, Web of science, Google Scholar, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Science direct until April of 2022. Thirty‐four articles were selected including 23 articles about non‐cross‐linked HA and 11 articles about cross‐linked HA.

Results

Eleven and five different non‐cross‐linked HA and cross‐linked HA materials were utilized, respectively. Treatment sessions for non‐cross‐linked HA were between 1 and 6 at weekly‐to‐bimonthly interval, and for cross‐linked HA were 1–3 at 4–36 weeks apart. In most of the studies, serial micropuncture technique with 23–32 gauge needles was used for injection. Other injection techniques were Nappage (picotage), depot and micro‐linear.

Conclusion

Mesotherapy with HA‐based fillers is a favorable method for restoring youthful appearance, rejuvenation, and revitalization of skin. Proper selection and precise placement of HA in desired level of dermis is an essential key to optimize improvement and minimize side effects including skin irregularities and Tyndall effect. Adjuvant therapy with additional rejuvenation procedures to enhance esthetic results is required especially in elderly individuals with severe photodamaged skin. Moreover, preservation of esthetic results requires maintenance therapy every few months.
How registered nurses are measuring respiratory rates in adult acute care health settings: An integrative review
Authors: Palmer Jennifer H. , James Steven , Wadsworth Daniel , Gordon Christopher J. , Craft Judy
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives

This integrative review aimed to draw conclusions from evidence on how registered nurses are measuring respiratory rates for acute care patients.

Background

Despite the growing research supporting respiratory rate as an early indicator for clinical deterioration, respiratory rate has consistently been the least frequently measured and accurately documented vital sign.

Design

An integrative review.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in June 2022 in four databases: CINAHL, PubMed, Medline and Scopus. Quality appraisal was undertaken using the Joanna Briggs Institute's Checklist. PRISMA guidelines were followed to ensure explicit reporting and reported in the PRISMA checklist.

Results

Overall, 9915 records were identified, and 19 met the inclusion criteria. Of these 19 articles, seven themes emerged: estimation and digit preference, lack of understanding and knowledge, not valuing the clinical significance of respiratory rate, oxygen saturation substitute, interobserver agreement, subjective concern and count duration. A high prevalence of bias, estimation and incorrect technique was evident. A total of 15 articles reported specifically on how registered nurses are measuring respiratory rates on general medical and surgical wards.

Conclusions

Despite its importance, this integrative review has determined that respiratory rates are not being assessed correctly by nursing staff in the acute care environment. Evidence of using estimation, value bias or quick count and multiply techniques are emerging themes which urgently require further research.

No patient or public contribution.
Clinical efficacy analysis of oocyte cryopreservation: A propensity score matched study
Authors: Li Shifen , Nong Yingqi , Wang Fang , Li Zitao , Liu Wenjuan , Xie Yanni , Peng Tong , Zhang Xiqian , Liu Fenghua
Published: September 2022

Objective

To investigate the effectiveness of oocyte thawing cycles in the clinical application of assisted reproductive technology (ART).

Study design

The clinical data of 78 cases who underwent oocyte thawing cycles in our center were retrospectively analyzed. All patients in this study received oocyte cryopreservation for the husband reason. According to patient age at egg freezing, patients were divided into three observation groups (Group A, <30 years old; Group B, 30–34 years old; Group C, ≥35 years old), and the control groups were selected by propensity score matching with fresh cycles. The clinical outcomes of each group were compared, and the clinical efficacy of oocyte thawing cycles was analyzed.

Results

Clinical pregnancy outcomes of oocyte thawing cycles were not significantly different from that of fresh oocytes, but vitrification affected the number of two pronuclei zygotes developing to cleavage stage and the number of high‐quality embryos, and the normal fertilization rate after thawing. The cycle cumulative live birth rate in Group C was significantly lower than those in Groups A and B. The live birth rates per egg of Groups A, B, C were 5.03%, 5.61%, and 3.57%, respectively, and the numbers of eggs per live birth were 13.72, 14.43, and 21.0, respectively.

Conclusions

The overall clinical outcomes of oocyte vitrification were similar to that of fresh oocytes, but the cleavage rate and embryo quality of frozen oocytes were slightly reduced. Freezing of oocytes in women over 35 years of age affects the clinical efficacy of ART.
Correlations between serum vitamin B12 and folate levels among mother–infant dyads in Punjab state, North‐West India
Authors: Grover Inderpal S , Bharti Rahul , Kapahi Renu , Sodhi Manmeet K , Kapahi Ruhi
Published: September 2022

Aim

Adequate vitamin B12 levels in infancy are crucial for normal psychomotor and cognitive development of infants. Our aim was to examine serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels in exclusively breastfed healthy full‐term infants (age group: 1–6 months), and also investigate their correlation with maternal markers.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted on 100 exclusively breastfed healthy full‐term infants (age group: 1–6 months) along with their lactating mothers. Serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels were determined for each mother–infant dyad using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay.

Results

The mean serum vitamin B12, folate and ferritin levels were 512 vs. 535 pg/mL, 15 vs. 12 ng/mL and 313 vs. 114 ng/mL in infants and mothers, respectively. Among 100 infants, 26 (26%) had lower vitamin B12 levels and 5 (5%) had inadequate folate levels. In addition, 22 (22%) of 100 lactating mothers were deficient in vitamin B12 levels and 14 (14%) had inadequate folate levels. We found a statistically significant positive correlation between infant and maternal vitamin B12 (r = 0.659, P < 0.001) and folate levels (r = 0.51, P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 26% of infants and 22% of lactating mothers. Vitamin B12 and folate levels of infants were positively correlated with maternal levels in the state of Punjab, North‐West India. Our findings support that maternal vitamin B12 status can be used as a valuable predictor of infant vitamin B12 status.
Treatment of sacro‐coccygeal intervertebral disc extrusion causing tail paresis and faecal incontinence in a dog
Authors: Franklin C. D. H. , House A. K.
Published: September 2022

A 4‐year 9‐month‐old beagle was presented for a 2‐week history of acute onset of lowered tail carriage and faecal incontinence. Neurological examination was unremarkable except for an absent perineal reflex, there was no history of trauma. Blood work was unremarkable. Lumbosacral and coccygeal CT pre‐ and post‐intravenous contrast revealed a large sacrococcygeal disc extrusion with mineralised material extending from the level of S2 and to midbody of Cd1. A dorsal laminectomy was performed from the cranial margin of S2 to the caudal margin of Cd1. A large volume of mineralised disc material was removed. The material was confirmed on histopathology to be consistent with extruded nucleus pulposus. The patient regained faecal continence within 3 days of hospital discharge. Based on a literature search this is the first report of a sacrococcygeal disc extrusion resulting in faecal incontinence, with successful surgical management.
The Mideast after Covid‐19: Governance and Geopolitics
Authors: Al‐Ansari Majed MH , Aras Bülent , Yorulmazlar Emirhan
Published: September 2022

Policy makers, political and state elites, and civilian and military cadres have grappled with the unprecedented crisis of Covid‐19 in the Middle East and North Africa. Against this gloomy backdrop, the main question became whether the region could sustain its traditional security‐first policy even though the definition of security has changed. Could the state perpetuate its role as the arbiter of a broken clientelistic contract in a state‐led socioeconomic order? Could geopolitical rivalries be upheld against unprecedented domestic challenges? This article tries to illuminate the changing role of the state in the Middle East and North Africa, the rising salience of institutional good governance, and their effects on regional geopolitics in the aftermath of the pandemic.
Domestic‐Political Impact of Obama‐Era Sanctions on Iran
Authors: Yucesoy Vahid
Published: September 2022

The arrival in power of the moderate Hassan Rouhani in 2013 was a groundbreaking moment in Iran, marking a clean break from eight years of sociopolitical conservatism under the previous president, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. What provoked this change? This article argues that the institutional shift toward relative moderation under Rouhani was facilitated partly by sanctions, which were imposed when the regime was facing its greatest legitimacy crisis, caused by the fraudulent elections of 2009. It was also riven with infighting among the ruling conservatives. At this critical juncture, sanctions could have undermined the regime's mechanism of co‐opting the lower classes, its major support base. Ahmadinejad's mismanagement of a sanctioned economy also contributed to the infighting. Major decision makers had to mitigate the crisis, and they let Rouhani run for office and get elected. The literature on the Islamists does not account for this relative moderation, while the literature on international sanctions lacks the explanatory power to account for sanctions‐related elite infighting among hardliners and the fraying social contract induced by sanctions. This article creates a unified framework by taking stock of both phenomena.
Tillich’s Theodicies
Authors: Shearn Samuel Andrew
Published: September 2022

This essay explores the development of Tillich’s writings on the relationship between divine providence and suffering, and his approach to theodicy. First, I attend to the various stations of his early life and his earliest writings in various genres. Here we see the instrumental‐pedagogical theodicies of his student days and earliest preaching give way to an increased emphasis on the suffering of God. However, unlike many twentieth century theologies of suffering, Tillich retains a strong teleological notion of divine providence, even in the face of the horrors of the First World War. Second, I analyse Tillich’s American systematics and sermons against the background of his early writings, characterising his writings as a Hegelian approach to suffering, subsuming the individual under the teleology of divine creativity.
Nodule INception‐independent epidermal events lead to bacterial entry during nodule development in peanut (Arachis hypogaea)
Authors: Bhattacharjee Oindrila , Raul Bikash , Ghosh Amit , Bhardwaj Akanksha , Bandyopadhyay Kaustav , Sinharoy Senjuti
Published: September 2022

Legumes can host nitrogen‐fixing rhizobia inside root nodules. In model legumes, rhizobia enter via infection threads (ITs) and develop nodules in which the infection zone contains a mixture of infected and uninfected cells. Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) diversified from model legumesc.50–55 million years ago. Rhizobia enter through ‘cracks’ to form nodules in peanut roots where cells of the infection zone are uniformly infected. Phylogenomic studies have indicated symbiosis as a labile trait in peanut. These atypical features prompted us to investigate the molecular mechanism of peanut nodule development.

Combining cell biology, genetics and genomic tools, we visualized the status of hormonal signaling in peanut nodule primordia. Moreover, we dissected the signaling modules ofNodule INception(NIN), a master regulator of both epidermal infection and cortical organogenesis.

Cytokinin signaling operates in a broad zone, from the epidermis to the pericycle inside nodule primordia, while auxin signaling is narrower and focused.Nodule INceptionis involved in nodule organogenesis, but not in crack entry.Nodulation Pectate Lyase, which remodels cell walls during IT formation, is not required. By contrast,Nodule enhanced Glycosyl Hydrolases(AhNGHs) are recruited for cell wall modification during crack entry.

While hormonal regulation is conserved, the function of the NIN signaling modules is diversified in peanut.
Overcoming Descartes' representational view of the mind in nursing pedagogies, curricula and testing
Authors: Benner Patricia
Published: September 2022

Currently, Nursing Education draws on a commonly taken‐for‐granted folk psychology of a representational view of how the mind works and how human beings learn. Descartes' representational view of the mind strongly influences pedagogies, theories of learning, curricula, and approaches to testing nursing knowledge and more broadly in academia. A representational view of the mind holds that perception occurs in the mind only through representations in the mind through ideas, concepts, templates and schema. Situated, embodied, and socially embedded cognition is presented as a counter view to a representational view of the mind
Patellofemoral Joint after Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy: A Comparative Study of Uniplane versus Biplane Osteotomies
Authors: Zheng Yi , Wang Zhijie , Lv Hongzhi , Li Jinbo , Zhuo Runqi , Wang Juan
Published: September 2022

Objective

To the best of our knowledge, there has been no comparative study of changes in radiographic parameters in the sagittal plane between biplane opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (OWHTO) with plate fixation and uniplane OWHTO with spacer implantation. The aim of the study was to compare sagittal radiographs between the procedures of biplane and uniplane OWHTOs in patients with genu varum and to investigate the impact on the patellofemoral joint.

Methods

A retrospective study of 71 patients (58.0 ± 5.0 years of age, 58 females and 13 males) with varus‐aligned medial compartment knee osteoarthritis treated with OWHTO was performed during the period from January 2016 to February 2019. Thirty‐three patients underwent biplane osteotomy with plate fixation (biplane group), and 38 patients underwent uniplane osteotomy with absorbable wedged spacer fixation (uniplane group). Independent t tests were used to compare the two groups according to the preoperative and postoperative radiographic parameters of hip‐knee‐ankle (HKA) angle, posterior tibial slope (PTS), tibial tubercle prominence (TTP), Caton–Deschamps (CD) index, and Blackburne–Peel (BP) index. During the last follow‐up assessment, patients were asked to rate their patellofemoral joint status using the Samsung Medical Center (SMC) patellofemoral (PF) scoring system. The visual analog scale (VAS) was also used to rate knee joint pain when walking.

Results

There was no significant difference between the two groups in any of the demographic, clinical, or radiological characteristics at baseline (p > 0.05). Comparisons of postoperative sagittal radiographic parameters between patients in the uniplane group and patients in the biplane group showed significant differences in the PTS (13.4° vs 16.6°, t = 4.465, p < 0.001), TTP (9.0 mm vs 4.2 mm, t = 7.950, p < 0.001), and CD index (0.81 vs 0.70, t = 4.035, p < 0.001). At the final follow‐up assessment (minimum, 2 years), the SMC PF function score was significantly lower in patients in the uniplane group than in patients in the biplane group (27.8 vs. 32.1, t = 2.458, p = 0.016), but there were no significant differences in the SMC PF pain score or VAS score (p > 0.05).

Conclusion

The essential difference in the postoperative sagittal radiographic changes between biplane and uniplane OWHTO was the tibial tubercle prominence, indicating the posterior displacement of the tibial tubercle. Uniplane OWHTO may yield better function of the patellofemoral joint compared to biplane OWHTO.
Priority‐based budgeting: An honest broker among municipal functions?
Authors: Mitchell David
Published: September 2022

Implemented in over 200 local governments, priority‐based budgeting (PBB) reflects a contemporary attempt to systematically determine and implement desired budgetary reallocation. PBB proponents claim it is highly effective in prioritizing governmental programs and aligning budgetary allocation to priorities. However, core municipal functions such as public safety and public works are often impervious to budgetary shocks. Can PBB overcome this to better align budgetary allocations with organizational priorities? This study examines 32 municipal PBB implementers with difference‐in‐differences analysis; finding a varied effect upon municipal functions that casts doubt on its ability to fully reallocate budgetary resources from low‐ to high‐priority programs.
Religiosity Inside and Outside the Muslim World
Authors: Corstange Daniel
Published: September 2022

Is there something unique about religion in Muslim societies compared to their non‐Muslim counterparts, and how would we know? This article examines three recurring challenges in answering that question: our limited capacity to compare across doctrinal traditions, to articulate the different forms that religiosity takes, and to accommodate the varying sensitivity of religious politics. Wide but shallow data from omnibus surveys suggest that Muslim societies are highly religious, but so is most of the rest of the world outside Europe. Yet these data also reveal instrumentation challenges that hamper our ability to compare religiosity across societies or assess its dimensionality: our measures are too crude to discriminate among people at the more devout end of the religiosity spectrum, and too sparse to distinguish the different ways that people are religious. Richer, country‐specific data from Indonesia does reveal a core distinction between personal religiosity and views on religion's role in the public sphere, but we can offer little more than informed speculation on how well these distinctions travel across societies until we develop common scales that themselves travel. Finally, studies with Syrian and Lebanese populations demonstrate that impression management is a non‐ignorable consideration when studying religion because people care about what other people care about.
The roles of caregivers and friends in adolescent daily emotion dynamics
Authors: Mak Hio Wa , Lydon‐Staley David M. , Lunkenheimer Erika , Lai Mark H. C. , Fosco Gregory M.
Published: September 2022

Daily emotion dynamics provide valuable information about individuals’ emotion processes as they go about their lives. Emotion dynamics such as emotion levels (mean), emotion variability (degree of fluctuation), and emotion network density (strength of temporal connections among emotions) are associated with risks for various psychopathology in youth and adults. Prior work has shown that caregivers and friends play crucial socializing roles in adolescent emotional well‐being, but less is known about their roles in daily emotion dynamics. This study examined whether caregiver emotion coaching, caregiver‐adolescent closeness, and friendship quality were associated with adolescents’ emotion levels, emotion variability, and emotion network density. Further, we examined whether caregiver‐adolescent closeness moderated the associations between coaching and emotion dynamics. Participants were 150 adolescents (61% girls; Mage = 14.75) and one of their caregivers (95% female; Mage = 43.35) who completed a baseline survey and 21 daily surveys. Results showed that caregiver emotion coaching interacted with caregiver‐adolescent closeness in predicting emotion levels and variability. Specifically, when closeness was higher, emotion coaching was significantly associated with lower sadness and anger levels, higher happiness levels, and lower happiness variability. Caregiver emotion coaching, independent of closeness, was also associated with lower anxiety levels, lower sadness variability, and lower emotion network density. Friendship quality was significantly associated with lower levels of sadness, anxiety, and anger, higher levels of happiness, and lower variability in anxiety and anger. These findings suggest that caregivers and friends are central to everyday emotion levels and variability and a more flexible emotion system in adolescents.