bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface water quality changes due to disposal of treated sewage in Wupa river, Abuja, Nigeria
Authors: Inkani Amina Ibrahim , Mashi Sani Abubakar , Jenkwe Elizabeth Dorsuu , Etuk Nicodemus Linus , Sani Safirat
Published: September 2024

Background
The study aimed to evaluate the impact of treated wastewater effluent on the Wupa River's water quality. Specific objectives included assessing water quality changes before and after effluent disposal, evaluating existing water quality indices, developing a parametric water quality index, identifying affected parameters and locations, and providing insights into treated sewage reuse and water scarcity. Traditional water quality indices were noted for their limitations, such as data reliability and insensitivity to fluctuations.
Methods
A mixed-methods approach was employed during the rainy season's peak mixing period (June-August). The study identified influent entry points, effluent discharge, and sampling locations, including upstream and downstream sites. Samples were collected and analyzed for parameters like appearance, pH, temperature, conductivity, turbidity, total coliforms counts, and fecal coliforms counts. Statistical analyses, including normalization, ANOVA, and t-tests, were used to assess differences in water quality across sampling stations.
Results
The results indicated significant variations in water quality parameters across different sampling locations and times, with treated effluent impacting the river's water quality. Treated sewage discharge influenced water quality, with changes observed in turbidity, pH, temperature, conductivity, and coliforms counts. Elevated coliforms counts and variations in pH, turbidity, and temperature were found, raising concerns about potential waterborne diseases, disruptions in water treatment processes, and overall water safety.
Conclusion
The study concluded that the parametric water quality index effectively assessed treated wastewater's impact. It emphasized the need for continuous monitoring and effective sewage treatment to protect public health and the environment. High turbidity levels can shield pathogens, while extreme pH and temperature changes can affect pathogen growth, posing health risks to communities.
Lactylation-driven USP4-mediated ANXA2 stabilization and activation promotes maintenance and radioresistance of glioblastoma stem cells
Authors: Ji Jing , Tu Yiming , Xu Lei , Tao Zeqiang , Ye Yangfan , Hu Jingming , Cai Wanzhi , Zhu Hang , Wu Qing
Published: September 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most primary lethal brain cancer, characterized by the presence of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) that initiate and sustain tumor growth and induce radioresistance. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) has been reported to contribute to glioblastoma progression and impart stem cell-like properties to GSCs, however, its post-translational modifications and mechanisms in GSCs maintenance remain poorly understood. Here, we identify that USP4 is preferentially expressed by GSCs in GBM, USP4/ANXA2 supports GSCs maintenance and radioresistance. Specifically, USP4 interacts with ANXA2, stabilizing its protein by deubiquitinating ANXA2, which mediates its proteasomal degradation and Y24 phosphorylation. USP4 directly cleaves Lys48- and Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains of ANXA2, with the Lys63-linked polyubiquitin chains of ANXA2 K28 mediating its Y24 phosphorylation. Moreover, K10 acetylation of ANXA2 enhances its interaction with USP4. Importantly, USP4/ANXA2 promotes GSCs maintenance and radioresistance by activating BMX-mediated STAT3 activation. H3K18 lactylation is responsible for the upregulation of USP4 in GSCs. Our studies reveal that USP4/ANXA2 plays critical roles in maintaining GSCs and therapeutic resistance, highlighting the importance of lactylation, acetylation, ubiquitination, and phosphorylation as critical post-translational modifications for USP4-mediated stabilization and activity of ANXA2.
A Semi-supervised Object Detection Learning Method under Queue Smoothing Pseudo-label Supervising and Embedding Consistency Constraint
Authors: Jia Xibin , You Sanlong , Wang Luo , Jia Senhui , Jia Hao
Published: September 2024

Semi-supervised object detection is an effective solution to balance the manual annotation cost and model performance in practical application. However, two major types of semi-supervised learning approaches based on the pseudo-labeling supervising and the consistency constrained self-supervising exist some limitation with the low confidence of pseudo-label and the suboptimal feature learning for specific-task respectively. To overcome the above limitation, we proposes an improved semi-supervised object detection learning method under queue smoothing pseudo-label supervising and embedding consistency constraint learning method. In detail, taking the teacher-student framework as the base model, two paralleled transforming modules i.e. a classification head and a embedding projection layer are constructed after the feature encoder. With the different data augmentation exerting on inputs at the teacher and the student module respectively, a pair of class-vector and embedding are obtained simultaneously for each proposal. Subsequently, under the smoothness assumption of class prediction probability within the same cluster, a class-vector is updating weighting with smooth constraints calculating in the embedding similarity between memorized neighboring samples and corresponding pseudo-label is corrected with the increasing confidence then. Furthermore, dual constraints are constructed based on pseudo-label supervising and consistency between the class-vector and embedding matrix together with a few label data for guiding the semi-supervised object detection learning. The experiments on the MS-COCO and PASCAL VOC datasets demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the baseline method and several mainstream semi-supervised learning methods with the highest mAP.
Possible GABAkine-mediated antidepressant effects of phytol: molecular interventions through in vivo and in silico studies
Authors: Islam Muhammad Torequl , Ferdous Jannatul , Hasan Md. Sakib Al , Ansari Irfan Aamer , Ansari Siddique Akber , Islam Md. Amirul , Saifuzzaman Md.
Published: September 2024

Phytol (PHY), a chlorophyll side chain diterpenoid possesses many health benefits, including neurological activities. A previous report evaluated its anti-depressive effects in mice without any possible mechanism. Our current study aimed at the evaluation of anti-depressive effect of PHY with possible molecular mechanisms through in vivo and in silico studies. For this, adult male mice were randomly divided into six individual groups (n = 6), namely control (vehicle), two standards (DZP: diazepam at 2 m/kg, FLU: flumazenil at 0.1 mg/kg), three test groups (PHY at 25, 50, and 75 mg/kg), and three combined groups with the GABA agonist drug DZP (2 mg/kg) and/or a GABA antagonist drug FLU (0.1 mg/kg) with PHY at 75 mg/kg. Thirty minutes after treatment, each animal was subjected to tail-suspension and forced-swimming tests and their immobility time was counted for five minutes. The in silico studies were also performed with GABAA receptor α2 and α5 subunits to investigate possible molecular mechanism behind this neurological effect of the test samples. The results demonstrate that PHY significantly (p < 0.05) and dose-dependently reduced the immobility time (IMT) in both protocols. It also significantly (p < 0.05) increased the IMT values with DZP-2, while reducing this parameter with FLU-01. In in silico studies PHY exhibited the binding affinities with α2 and α5 subunits of GABAA receptor by − 5.2 and − 6.9 kcal/mol, respectively. Taken together, PHY exerted an antidepressant capacity in mice. It modulated the effects of DZP and FLU. PHY may expert its antidepressant capacity possibly through interacting with α2 and α5 subunits of the GABAA receptor. PHY may be one of the good candidates for management of depression.
Giant elastic-wave asymmetry in a linear passive circulator
Authors: Christensen Johan , Hu Yabin , Li Yongbo , LIU Yongquan , Li Bing
Published: September 2024

Nonreciprocal transmission of waves is highly desirable for the transport and redistribution of energy. However, building a non-reciprocal system to break time-reversal symmetry is relatively difficult because it tends to work under stringent guidelines, narrow bandwidth, or external impetus, particularly in a three-port system. Without breaking reciprocity, realizing one-way transmission of elastic waves by a linear and passive structure in a higher-dimensional asymmetric system, such as a three-port circulator, poses quite a challenge. Here, based on the wave-vector modulation mechanism, we propose an elastic-wave circulator that achieves this without breaking reciprocity, enabling perfect mode transition and wave trapping simultaneously. Requiring neither activated media nor relying on the nonlinearity of nonreciprocal devices, the circulator routes elastic waves purely in a clockwise direction, offering superior performance in broad bandwidth, robust behavior, and simple configuration. Our study provides a feasible platform for one-way wave transport in a three-port system, which can be useful in the routing, isolation, and harvesting of energy and can also be extended to other fields, such as electromagnetic and acoustic waves.
A Limit Formula and Recursive Algorithm for Multivariate Normal Tail Probability
Authors: Au Siu-Kui
Published: September 2024

This work develops a formula for the large threshold limit of multivariate Normal tail probability when at least one of the normalised thresholds grows indefinitely. Derived using integration by parts, the formula expresses the tail probability in terms of conditional probabilities involving one less variate, thereby reducing the problem dimension by 1.The formula is asymptotic to Ruben's formula under Salvage's condition. It satisfies Plackett's identity exactly or approximately, depending on the correlation parameter being differentiated. A recursive algorithm is proposed that allows the tail probability limit to be calculated in terms of univariate Normal probabilities only. The algorithm shows promise in numerical examples to offer a semi-analytical approximation under non-asymptotic situations to within an order of magnitude.The number of univariate Normal probability evaluations is at least O(n!), however, and in this sense the algorithm suffers from the curse of dimension.
Medical Rights Violations and the Unethical Treatment of Kurdish Women: A Qualitative Study of Childbirth Experiences in Public Hospitals
Authors: Piro Tiran Jamil , Ahmad Khadija Mirkhan , Saeed Awaz Aziz , Abdullah Warda Hassan , Rasoal Dara , Ahmed Hamdia Mirkhan
Published: September 2024

Background
There have been numerous reports of physical and psychological abuse against women during labor and pregnancy care. Analyzing the lived experiences of women who have experienced such violence can help decrease its prevalence and/or severity. The present study aimed to explore women’s views and experiences of violence during labor.
Methods
This study has an explorative design and content analysis. Using a purposive convenience sampling method, a study sample of 13 women who had their childbirth in public hospitals was chosen. Data were collected via semi-structured, in-depth interviews with the women.
Results
Data analysis led to the emergence of three main themes and seven subthemes. The first main theme was "verbal and physical abuse". The subthemes of the first main theme were "cursing and insulting", "lack of communication", and "lack of gentle treatment". The second main theme was "lack of privacy and confidentiality", which had two subthemes: "lack a private environment" and "lack of permission". The third main theme was "losing trust in the medical system", which had two subthemes: "unprofessional obstetrical care", "ignoring patient needs", and "decision for future childbirth in private hospitals".
Conclusions
The findings of this study reveal the pathetic situation of obstetric violence during labor and pregnancy care in public hospitals. Tackling this serious issue requires collective endeavors from the health system, hospital management, and obstetrical care providers, which leads to protection of the rights and well-being of women during childbirth.
An innovative approach for QoS-aware Web Service Composition Using Whale Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Dahan Fadl
Published: September 2024

With the proliferation of services and the vast amount of data produced by the Internet, numerous services with comparable functionalities but varying Quality of Service (QoS) attributes are potential candidates for meeting user needs. Consequently, the selection of the most suitable services has become increasingly challenging. To address this issue, a synthesis of multiple services is conducted through a composition process to create more sophisticated services. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in QoS uncertainty, given its potential impact on determining an optimal composite service, where each service is characterized by multiple QoS properties (e.g., response time and cost) that are frequently subject to change primarily due to environmental factors. Here, we introduce a novel approach that depends on the Multi-Agent Whale Optimization Algorithm (MA-WOA) for web service composition problem. Our proposed algorithm utilizes a multi-agent system for the representation and control of potential services, utilizing MA-WOA to identify the optimal composition that meets the user's requirements. It accounts for multiple quality factors and employs a weighted aggregation function to combine them into a cohesive fitness function. The efficiency of the suggested method is evaluated using a real and artificial web service composition dataset (comprising a total of 52,000 web services), with results indicating its superiority over other state-of-the-art methods in terms of composition quality and computational effectiveness. Therefore, the proposed strategy presents a feasible and effective solution to the web service composition challenge, representing a significant advancement in the field of service-oriented computing.
Bacteriocin KvarM versus Antibiotics: evaluation of antimicrobial activity in a mouse model of intestinal colonization by Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Karaliute Indre , Tilinde Deimante , Ramonaite Rima , Lukosevicius Rokas , Nikitina Darja , Bernatoniene Jurga , Kuliaviene Irma , Valantiene Irena , Petrauskas Dalius , Zigmantaite Vilma , Misiunas Audrius , Denkovskiene Erna , Razanskiene Ausra , Gleba Yuri , Kupcinskas Juozas , Skieceviciene Jurgita
Published: September 2024

Background
Lack of antimicrobial agents is a rising global concern. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of a specific antimicrobial protein bacteriocin, Klebicin KvarM, in treating K. pneumoniae-induced intestinal colonization in a mouse model, and its effect on commensal gut microbiota.
Methods
Antimicrobial activity of KvarM in comparison to conventional antibiotic therapy with ciprofloxacin was tested in murine models for K. pneumoniae gastrointestinal tract infection. The haemolysin gene (khe) was chosen as the qualitative marker for Klebsiella genus identification, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V1-V2 hypervariable region was performed for analyses of gut microbiota.
Results
Our results demonstrated that KvarM was highly effective in reducing K. pneumoniae colonization, showing the same efficacy as ciprofloxacin. Following K. pneumoniae inoculation, administration of KvarM resulted in a significant reduction in bacterial load indicating a 99% effectiveness. Furthermore, microbiome analysis of the gut microbiota revealed that KvarM therapy showed no significant changes in microbial composition compared with commensal microbiota composition, whereas administration of ciprofloxacin led to a significant decrease in microbial diversity.
Conclusion
These findings demonstrate that Klebicin KvarM therapy is highly effective for treating intestinal K. pneumoniae infections and it does not significantly affect the integrity of the gut microbiota. The study provides valuable insights into the development of antimicrobial agents and highlights the importance of microbiome-friendly approaches in combating antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Design and Analysis of a Cryptographic Hash Function Incorporating Parallel Confusion and a Multi-Compression Architecture
Authors: Yang Yijun , Wang Linlin , Yuan Meileng , Li Bin , Zhong Zhuolin , Yan Xiaohu
Published: September 2024

The cryptographic hash function stands as a cornerstone among the trio of essential cryptographic algorithms that are ubiquitously utilized across blockchain technology, digital signature applications, cloud storage solutions, and numerous other domains. Currently, a series of MD4-inspired hash functions, including RIPEMD, RIPEMD128, MD5, and SHA-1, have been critically evaluated and deemed insufficient in terms of security[10–13], thereby emphasizing the paramount importance of heightened vigilance towards safeguarding the integrity of cryptographic hash functions. Notably, the preponderance of prevalent hash functions relies heavily on inefficient serial architectures, posing limitations in terms of performance and scalability. To address these shortcomings, this paper introduces a groundbreaking cryptographic hash function, predicated on a parallel confusion and multi-compression structure (PCMCH). This innovative methodology innovatively fills the input data through a parallel confusion compression mechanism, concurrently executing multi-faceted confusion compression on each message block. Furthermore, it expedites message diffusion by meticulously tuning adaptable permutation parameters, enhancing both the speed and efficacy of the process. The exhaustive experimental analysis conducted underscores the exceptional security characteristics of the proposed hash function, including irregularity, the avalanche effect, high information entropy, and robust collision resistance. Moreover, its performance surpasses that of existing parallel hash functions, marking it as a promising contender that offers superior efficiency and security, thereby presenting a viable alternative for applications requiring heightened cryptographic safeguards.
Effects of the annealing conditions on the properties of Cu2ZnGeSe4 thin film solar cells
Authors: Zhang Ying , Song Qiaogang , Wu Lang , Su Xu , Hu Xinghuan , Wang Xingliang , Zhang Longxian , Chai Juchuan , Wang Shurong
Published: September 2024

Cu2ZnGeSe4 (CZGSe) thin-film, as materials with a wide bandgap close to the ideal bandgap for solar cells, have attracted attention. However, the efficiency of the CZGSe devices is far below the theoretical efficiency mainly due to the presence of defects and defect clusters. This study aims to determine the optimal selenization temperature and time of Cu-Zn-Ge-S precursor prepared by spin coating deposition to improve CZGSe absorption layer quality and the corresponding device performance. Specifically, the CZGSe absorber layers were selenized using a three-step method, precisely annealing controlling the conditions of the first and second selenization stages, and adjusting the temperature and time of the last stage. The study emphasizes the effects of varying annealing temperatures and duration on CZGSe absorber layer grain growth and device performance. In-depth analysis was conducted through structural and electrical characterization. The results show that the CZGSe absorber layer exhibits a denser and smoother surface under the selenization temperature and time of 560°C and 12min respectively, resulting in the best device efficiency (PCE) of 5.12%, with a short-circuit current density (JSC), a fill factor (FF) and an open-circuit voltage (VOC) of 21.89 mA/cm2, 39.00% and 599.92 mV respectively.
Investigation of the hydraulic behavior of the Kemerdere Aqueduct in the city of Troy
Authors: Kizilaslan M. A.
Published: September 2024

Roman water structures have always attracted the attention of researchers. This study investigates the hydraulic behavior of the Kemerdere Aqueduct, an ancient Roman structure located in the city of Troy, using Computational Fluid Dynamic simulations. With Large Eddy Simulation analyses it is aim to reveal the engineering significance of the open channel of the aqueduct, whose flow direction was changed after an earthquake in antiquity. By analyzing the flow rates and water supply capabilities of the aqueduct, the research demonstrates its efficiency in providing water to urban populations. The study reveals that the Kemerdere Aqueduct could supply water to approximately 8,500 to 15,000 people daily, accounting for losses due to leakage and other inefficiencies. This highlights the advanced engineering skills of the Romans and their ability to manage water resources effectively. The findings emphasize the importance of historical technologies in addressing contemporary water management challenges and underscore the significance of preserving ancient engineering marvels. By reconstructing and evaluating the aqueduct's operation, the study contributes to a deeper understanding of Roman water management practices and their enduring relevance. The meticulous analysis of the Kemerdere Aqueduct enhances our appreciation of Roman engineering ingenuity.
Multibody simulation of 1U CubeSat passive attitude stabilisation using a robotic arm
Authors: Foiani Filippo , Morettini Giulia , Palmieri Massimiliano , Carletta Stefano , Cianetti Filippo , Dionigi Marco
Published: September 2024

Robotics plays a crucial role in contemporary space missions, particularly in the development and use of robotic manipulators for performing multiple space operations in environments inaccessible to humans. In line with the current trend of integrating multiple functionalities into a single system, this study evaluates the feasibility of using a robotic manipulator, termed a C-Arm, also for passive attitude control of a 1U CubeSat. Specifically, utilizing a carefully simplified multibody model of the entire CubeSat system, the numerical simulations, assessed the use of the robotic arm first as a gravity gradient boom and subsequently, following the addition of a permanent magnet at the arm’s extremity, as a passive magnetic control mechanism for the nanosatellite. Despite the promising design, simulations indicated that the effectiveness of the C-Arm as a gravitational boom is significantly constrained by size (with the retracted arm occupying 0.5U) and weight (limited to 200g). However, it was demonstrated that under various initial conditions, the pitch angle consistently oscillates around ±40°, while the roll and yaw angles exhibit more variability, with maximum values of 30° and 35°, respectively. Further evaluations attempted to enhance pointing accuracy through the incorporation of permanent magnets. As expected, the absence of dissipative forces led to pronounced attitude instabilities, resulting in a temporary reduction in pitch angle oscillations. In conclusion, the concept of using a robotic arm integrated into a 0.5U CubeSat system for passive attitude control shows significant potential, particularly in missions where pointing can tolerate a considerable range, typical of CubeSat-type nanosatellite missions.
Introducing the Slowloris E-DoS Attack: a Threat Arising From Vulnerabilities in the FTP and SSH Protocols
Authors: Gavric Nikola , Bhandari Guru , Shalaginov Andrii
Published: September 2024

Slowloris is a well-known application-layer Denial of Service (DoS) attack that is challenging to detect due to its low-rate nature, allowing it to blend with legitimate traffic and remain unnoticed. In this study, we repurpose Slowloris as an energy-oriented (E-DoS) attack against some of the most prevalent remote access protocols, the Secure Shell Protocol (SSH) and File Transfer Protocol (FTP). We employ a Raspberry Pi-based experimental setup with different software implementations of the mentioned protocols to validate these threats. Our experiments confirm the susceptibility of SSH and FTP to Slowloris E-DoS attacks, and we quantify the consequential impact on power consumption. We find that the Slowloris E-DoS attack exhibits an asymmetrical nature, causing a disproportionate computational demand on victim systems compared to the resources invested by the attacker. The results of this study indicate that battery-powered single-board computers (SBCs) are critically affected by these attacks due to their limited power availability. This research underscores the importance of understanding and mitigating Slowloris E-DoS vulnerabilities in the SSH and FTP protocols, offering valuable insights for enhancing security measures. Our study shows that millions of SBCs worldwide could be at risk, emphasizing the need for robust defenses against evolving cyber threats.
GPx1 deficiency confers increased susceptibility to ferroptosis in macrophages from individuals with active Crohn’s disease
Authors: Sousa James , Callejas Blanca , Wang Arthur , Higgins Eve , Herik Aydin , Yousuf Munazza , Colarusso Pina , Raman Maitreyi , McKay Derek
Published: September 2024

Intestinal cell death is a defining feature of Crohn’s disease (CD), a major form of inflammatory bowel disease. The focus on this aspect of enteric inflammation has mainly been on epithelial cells, while other cell types such as stromal and myeloid cells have received less attention. Hypothesising that decreased macrophage viability in an oxidative environment could be a contributing factor to the pathophysiology of CD, we found that monocyte-derived macrophages from individuals with active CD (but not those in clinical disease remission) have increased sensitivity to cell death induced by H2O2. Molecular biology and pharmacological studies ruled out apoptosis and necroptosis, while increased lipid peroxidation and surface expression of the transferrin receptor implicated ferroptosis as the mechanism of the H2O2-induced cell death: this was supported by suppression of H2O2-cytotoxicity by liproxstatin-1, a pharmacological inhibitor of ferroptosis. Selenoproteins are important antioxidants, and selenium deficiency can be a feature of CD. Despite normal dietary intake of selenium, monocyte-derived macrophages and intestinal macrophages in individuals with CD had decreased protein and/or mRNA expression of the selenoprotein, glutathione peroxidase (GPx)-1. Knockdown of GPx1 in macrophages from healthy volunteers resulted in increased H2O2-induced cell death reminiscent of that observed with macrophages from CD. In summary, monocyte-derived macrophages from individuals with CD have increased susceptibility to H2O2-induced ferroptosis cell death, that may be facilitated, at least in part, by reduced expression of the antioxidant GPx1. We suggest that reduced GPx1 in monocytes recruited to the gut and intestinal macrophages renders these cells vulnerable to reactive oxygen species-evoked ferroptosis cell death and that unravelling the participation of this pathway in Crohn’s disease may reveal novel therapeutic approaches to this chronic condition.
KI im Unterricht
Authors: Leifheit Luzia , Loefflad Denise , Belschner Sina , Beuttler Benedikt , Winkelmann Jan , Meurers Walt Detmar , Holz Heiko
Published: September 2024

In einer Zeit des rasanten technologischen Fortschritts und der digitalen Transformation wird die Notwendigkeit, Künstliche Intelligenz (KI) in den Unterricht zu integrieren, immer deutlicher. Lehrkräfte spielen dabei eine entscheidende Rolle, da sie im Kontext ihrer jeweiligen Fachbereiche in der Lage sein müssen, KI-Tools kritisch zu reflektieren und fachdidaktisch fundiert anzuwenden. Dazu entwickeln wir im Projekt „WoLKE“ fachlich und didaktisch passgenaue Lehr-Lernformate für den reflektierten Einsatz von KI-Tools in der Bildung, um bereits angehende Lehrkräfte systematisch auf die Herausforderungen und Chancen des didaktisch motivierten Einsatzes von KI-Tools vorzubereiten. Dies geschieht auf Basis einer computerlinguistisch sowie fachdidaktisch fundierten Analyse sowohl etablierter als auch aktueller KI-Methoden, wie z. B. textgenerierender KI. Ziel des Projekts ist es, Lehramtsstudierende mit den notwendigen Kenntnissen und Kompetenzen auszustatten, um KI-Tools verantwortungsvoll in die pädagogische Praxis zu integrieren. Der Fokus liegt dabei auf der Rolle von KI-Tools im Sprach- und MINT-Unterricht und umfasst sowohl die fachspezifischen Anforderungen an KI-Tools als auch ein methodisch und ethisch fundiertes Verständnis der Potenziale und Grenzen von KI-Methoden. Das Projekt verfolgt einen ko-konstruktiven Ansatz in einem interdisziplinären Verbund aus Computerlinguistik, Informatik, Sprach- und MINT-Didaktik. Darin werden etablierte und aktuelle textgenerierende KI-Methoden hinsichtlich Eignung, Reifegrad und Synergiepotenzial für den Einsatz im Fachunterricht analysiert. Die Konzeption der Lehrveranstaltungen folgt dem Ansatz des Design-based Research und wird mit qualitätssichernden Methoden der empirischen Bildungsforschung evaluiert. Begleitende Transferworkshops ermöglichen die Dissemination der Lehrveranstaltungen an andere Hochschulen. Das Projekt adressiert bestehende Desiderate, indem es die Frage aufgreift, wie Methoden der KI effektiv zu einer pädagogisch und fachdidaktisch motivierten, individuellen Förderung beitragen können. Das Projekt wird gefördert aus Mitteln des Ministeriums für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Kunst Baden-Württemberg und befindet sich derzeit in der ersten Konzeptionsphase. Im Folgenden stellen wir das Konzept für die ko-konstruktive Entwicklung der Lehrveranstaltungen sowie den Plan für die empirische Evaluation vor.
 
Erstautorenschaft: Luzia Leifheit und Denise Loefflad
Schüler*innen erstellen Erklärvideos
Authors: Härle Eva
Published: September 2024

Der vorliegende Beitrag soll Erkenntnisse bezüglich der bislang noch nicht ausreichend erforschten Förderung von Mediengestaltung als Dimension der Medienkompetenz aufzeigen. Nach einem skizzenhaften Überblick über den Forschungshintergrund werden die Ergebnisse eines qualitativen und triangulativen Forschungsdesigns, bestehend aus teilnehmender Beobachtung und kontextbasierten Interviews, dargestellt. Umgesetzt wurde dieses in zwei dritten Klassen, die mithilfe von Tablets im Rahmen der Aktiven Medienarbeit Erklärvideos erstellt haben. Im Fokus des Produktionsprozesses stand ihre Rolle als aktive Produzent*innen, die wiederum vielfältige Wechselwirkungen zu den anderen Dimensionen aufzeigte. Es wurde dabei festgestellt, dass mehrere Dimensionen der Mediengestaltung durch das eigenständige Erstellen von Erklärvideos durch die Schüler*innen gefördert werden konnten.
Influence of biogeography and nine chemical and physical pretreatments on the germination of Juniperus phoenicea L. seeds in the Northeastern region of Morocco
Authors: Boumediene Mehdi , Azizi Salah-eddine , Marhri Ahmed , Sahib Nargis
Published: September 2024

Juniperus species play a crucial ecological role by inhabiting sand dunes, thereby mitigating coastal encroachment and contributing to the stabilization and protection of these areas. However, due to excessive exploitation and seeds dormancy, this species is currently facing a continuous decline in population. To address this issue, a study was conducted to enhance the germination of J. phoenicea seeds by evaluating the impact of biogeography and various pretreatment methods. Mature red cones of J. phoenicea were collected in February-March 2021 from three different locations in northeastern Morocco, representing coastal, semi-continental, and continental populations, based on the distribution patterns of the species in the northeastern region of morocco. The gathered seeds underwent nine distinct pretreatments, including physical treatments such as mechanical and thermal shock, as well as chemical treatments involving sulfuric acid and acetic acid, alongside a control. Subsequently, the treated seeds were incubated at a consistent temperature of 20°C. Before germination, we proceeded to a viability test and found that the seed viability was 87%, although it varied depending on the geographical origin of the seeds. The cold-hot stratification had the highest seed germination rate from the semi-continental location, with a percentage of 66%, followed by the seeds of the continental location with 60%. The boiling water pretreatment recorded a germination rate of 54% in semi-continental seeds, while 51% was recorded in continental seeds. Coastal seeds had the lowest viability and germination rates regardless of the stratification applied. Due to their better germination potential, the use of continental seeds to generate seedlings of J. phoenicea in eastern Morocco should be considered. Regardless the biogeographic location, cold-warm stratification can increase germination potential at a significant rate of up to 66%.
Phytosociology in degraded areas using different pasture recovery methods in a semiarid region of Brazil
Authors: de Souza Raquel Vieira Rodrigues , Edvan Ricardo Loiola , Bezerra Leílson Rocha , de Araújo Marcos Jácome , Fontes Larissa de Oliveira , Dias-Silva Tairon Pannunzio , Gurgel Antonio Leandro Chaves , Chay-Canul Alfonso Juventino , Duarte Ana Beatriz de Almeida , Ítavo Luís Carlos Vinhas , Difante Gelson dos Santos
Published: September 2024

Pasture degradation poses a major challenge for cattle farmers. Phytosociological surveys help identify the botanical composition of an area, aiding in assessing pasture degradation stages. This study aimed to assess the phytosociology of degraded areas undergoing various pasture recovery methods in the sandy soil of Brazil's semi-arid region. The experimental design was in randomized blocks, with plots split in time, totaling 16 experimental plots. The experiment involved four recovery methods: closed pasture (CP), which was a pasture without any human intervention and represented the control treatment; weed control (WC) to prevent interference from weeds; fertilization (FE), which involved applying chemical fertilizers to the degraded area; and weed control + fertilization (WC + FE), with the subplots divided into two evaluation periods. The evalauted area, implemented in December 2010, contained the cultivars Marandu, MG5, MG4 (Brachiaria brizantha), Mombaça (Panicum maximum), and Planaltina (Andropogon gayanus), with signs of degradation verified as of January 2014. Four areas measuring 200 m2 each were determined split into four equal areas (50 m2), one for each method (treatments). The density index (plants/m2), frequency, abundance, relative density (%), relative frequency (%), relative abundance (%), and importance value index were calculated. At the beginning of the application of recovery methods, 22 species of undesirable plants were detected, distributed into 17 families, with Fabaceae showing the highest number of individuals. The pastures with the cultivars Marandu, MG5, and MG4 showed the best results for area recovery under methods WC and WC + FE. The areas with the cultivars Mombaça and Andropogon showed a lower number of undesirable plants in the FE method. Therefore, the cultivar MG4, due to its growth habit, and methods WC and WC + FE, which prevent the infestation of undesirable weeds, are more efficient to recover degraded areas.
Effect of applying compost from gelatin industry residues on sweet potato yield and soil properties
Authors: Rós Amarílis Beraldo , Hirata Andréia Cristina Silva , Navarro João Carlos dos Santos , de Araújo Humberto Sampaio
Published: September 2024

Sweet potato crops produce a high quantity of tuberous roots within a short period. Thus, a proper soil fertility is essential for reaching the crop production potential. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of applying different rates of a compost produced from gelatin industry residues on the total and commercial yields of sweet potato crops, tuberous root shape, and soil physical and chemical properties. The treatments consisted of five compost rates (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 Mg ha-1) arranged in a randomized block design with five replications. The compost application did not affect total and commercial yields (48.37 and 41.53 Mg ha-1, respectively) but changed the shape of sweet potato tuberous roots. The compost application did not change soil physical properties but increased the pH, Ca, P, sum of bases, cation exchange capacity, and base saturation. The findings indicated that the application of compost from gelatin industry residues improves the fertility of low-fertility sandy soils.
Formation of pepper seedlings on a substrate formulated by carnauba (Copernicia prunifera Mill.) residue
Authors: Cordeiro Kleber Veras , de Oliveira Paula Sara Teixeira , Pereira Ramon Yuri Ferreira , Cardoso João Pedro Santos , Sousa Marcos de Oliveira , Sousa Geisiane Silva , Marchão Rafael Silva , Matos Raissa Rachel Salustriano Da Silva , Almeida Edmilson Igor Bernardo
Published: September 2024

The consumption of pepper in Brazil stands out in several sectors of the economy, either in natura or processed form, due to its characteristics of profitability and added value. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the biometric characteristics of gold pepper seedlings produced on substrates containing different proportions of carnauba (Copernicia prunifera Mill.) bagana. The proportions of the substrates were: 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% and 100% carnauba bagana, plus soil. The following were evaluated: percentage of emergence, number of leaves; leaf area; plant height; stem diameter; root length; root volume; fresh and dry root mass and dry and fresh shoot mass. The effect of bagana on the pepper plant was observed and the variables studied showed responses mainly with the substrates containing 80% and 100% bagana, including the percentage of emergence, plant height, stem diameter, leaf area, root volume, mass fresh shoot and root, dry shoot weight and Dickson's quality index. The substrate with 100% bagana provided a higher leaf area of 85%, expressive growth in height, diameter and root length, compared to control. The ability of the substrate to retain water and the availability of nutrients may be the main factor, while the contents of organic matter and other nutrients available in the carnauba bagana may have been fundamental in the performance of both the aerial part and the root system. Thus, it is concluded that the use of carnauba bagana can be indicated as a substrate in the formation of gold pepper seedlings. Hence, application of of 100% carnauba bagana is recommended for the production of pepper cultivar gold.
Physiological and productive performance of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) varieties grown under subtropical conditions in Brazil
Authors: Neves Caio Scardini , Aires Eduardo Santana , Campos Olivia Pak , Fortuna Gabriel Cássia , Gomes Jordany Aparecida de Oliveira , Callili Daniel , Ono Elizabeth Orika , Rodrigues João Domingos , Bonfim Filipe Pereira Giardini
Published: September 2024

The primary focus of hop cultivation is the brewing industry. Brazil is one of the largest producers and consumers of beer worldwide and therefore one of the largest importers of hops. Therefore, it is essential to develop research that promotes the national production of hops. This study aimed to analyze the photosynthetic, morphometric and productive capacities of five hop varieties outside of their natural cultivation conditions in a subtropical climate; thus, to analyze the performance of post-tropicalized hops. A randomized block experimental design was used, including five cultivar treatments (Comet, Chinook, Cascade, Nugget and Columbus varieties) with four blocks and two plants per plot, totaling 20 plots and 40 sampling units. Physiological, morphometric and productive data were collected during the reproductive phase (final phase of plant development). Photosynthetic data were collected using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) coupled to a portable fluorometer to obtain gas exchange and fluorescence data. The collected morphometric and productive data are related to the vegetative and productive capacity of the hops. All varieties analyzed showed remarkable physiological responses. However, the highest quantum yield and effective yield of PSII were obtained from Comet (0.94 and 0.50) and Nugget (0.94 and 0.52), respectively. Comet exhibited the best morphometric results related to vegetative development (561.12 cm for plant height) but did not exhibit similarly high productive performance, while Cascade was the variety with the best productivity. Moreover, this work shows that tropicalized hops have satisfactory performance.
The transformative power of recommender systems in enhancing citizens’ satisfaction: Evidence from the Moroccan public sector
Authors: El Gharbaoui Ouissale , El Boukhari Hayat , Salmi Abdelkader
Published: September 2024

The study aims to specifically evaluate the potential impact of implementing AI-powered recommender systems on citizen satisfaction within Moroccan public services. As part of its ambitious digital transformation, Morocco is integrating digital technologies into its public sector to enhance service delivery. Recommender systems, by providing personalized, timely, and relevant recommendations, are hypothesized to significantly increase citizens’ satisfaction and transform public service delivery. The study highlights a comprehensive model that captures the complex and interrelated factors influencing recommender system success. This model was tested using Smart PLS (Partial Least Squares) on data collected from a diverse sample of 157 Moroccan citizens. These participants were randomly selected from various demographics and regions to represent the general population’s perspectives on the future implementation of AI-powered recommender systems in public services. The survey tested three hypotheses: the positive relationship between the potential use of recommender systems and anticipated citizen satisfaction (supported; b = 0.694, p = 0.000, t = 21.214), the impact of trust in AI-powered recommender systems on anticipated citizens’ satisfaction (supported; b = 0.543, p = 0.000, t = 14.230) ; and the moderating effect of trust on AI-powered recommender systems showing a positive effect on anticipated satisfaction (supported; b = 0.154, p = 0.000, t = 4.907). These findings suggest that the future integration of AI-powered recommender systems into public services can enhance citizens’ satisfaction, particularly where there is high trust in the technology.
AcknowledgmentThis paper is partly supported by Sidi Mohamed ben Abdellah University, Morocco.
Towards a standardised analysis of experimental Threshold Of Flocculation (TOF) curves
Authors: Fau Zoé , Damien Tedoldi , Azais Antonin , Derlon Nicolas , Chazarenc Florent , Gillot Sylvie
Published: September 2024

Characterising bioflocculation and settling in activated sludge processes is mandatory to better understand and optimise organic matter removal and capture. Among the few indicators available, Threshold Of Flocculation (TOF) reflects the ability of activated sludge to settle following Stokesian settling mechanisms. In this work, the original method to determine TOF has been improved to gain accuracy and reproducibility. An R-script was proposed for systematic analysis of the experimental curves representing the total suspended solids supernatant concentration as a function of the initial concentration of the total suspended solids. The strength of this new method is to base curve analysis on the settling mechanisms that occur in the experimental setup. Two thresholds are mathematically identified, corresponding to (i) the solid concentration required to induce discrete flocculent settling and (ii) the minimum concentration to form large flocs that interact with each other (TOF). The novel method was successfully applied to different types of sludge (HRAS, CAS, and densified sludge).
Relações entre fluência verbal e alfabetização
Authors: Macedo Glêide Santos , Guaresi Ronei
Published: September 2024

Este estudo analisou a Fluência Verbal como preditora do desempenho em leitura e escrita durante os dois primeiros anos de alfabetização de 51 participantes. A Fluência Verbal, medida no início do processo, foi correlacionada ao desempenho em leitura e escrita em cinco momentos. Os resultados mostraram correlações significativas (p < 0,05) entre Fluência Verbal e habilidades de leitura e escrita, variando de R 0,70 a R 0,56, indicando sua relevância no desenvolvimento dessas habilidades. O coeficiente de determinação (R²) revelou que a Fluência Verbal explicou entre 31% e 49% do desempenho. No entanto, as correlações diminuíram ao longo do tempo (de R 0,68 para R 0,56), sugerindo que sua capacidade preditiva se reduz à medida que a alfabetização avança. Esses achados destacam a importância de práticas pedagógicas voltadas ao desenvolvimento da Fluência Verbal na Educação Infantil para combater atrasos na alfabetização.
Immune-mediated Bowel Disease: Role of Intestinal Parasites and Gut Microbiome
Authors: Chowdhury Sejuti Ray , Dey Arup , Gautam Manish Kumar , Mondal Sandip , Pawar Sharad D. , Ranade Anagha , Bora Manajit , Gangwar Mayank , Teli Aniya , Mondal Nur Shaid
Published: September 2024

Immune-mediated bowel diseases (IMBD), notably ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, impose a
substantial global health burden due to their intricate etiology and escalating prevalence. The nexus between intestinal
parasites and the gut microbiome in IMBD is a dynamic and complex field of study. Several studies
have evidenced the capacity of intestinal parasites to modulate the gut microbiome, inducing alterations in microbial
diversity, abundance, and metabolic activity. These changes are crucial in influencing the immune response
and contributing to the development of IMBDs. Simultaneously, the gut microbiome functions as a
linchpin in sustaining intestinal homeostasis and immune regulation. Dysbiosis, marked by shifts in gut microbial
composition, is intricately linked to IMBD pathogenesis. Imbalances in the gut microbiota contribute to
hallmark features of IMBDs, such as heightened gut permeability, chronic inflammation, and aberrant immune
responses. The bidirectional interaction between intestinal parasites and the gut microbiome adds a layer of
complexity to understanding IMBDs. Specific parasites, including hookworms and Necator americanus, exhibit
immune downregulation and potential therapeutic applications in celiac disease. Conversely, infections with
Strongyloides stercoralis and Blastocystis mirror IBD symptoms, underscoring the intricate relationship between
parasites and disease pathogenesis. Further investigation is imperative to comprehensively unravel the
mechanisms linking intestinal parasites and the gut microbiome in IMBD. This understanding holds the potential
to pave the way for targeted therapeutic strategies aiming to restore gut microbiota homeostasis and alleviate
the debilitating symptoms of these conditions. Harnessing the intricate interplay among parasites, the gut
microbiome, and the host immune system may unveil novel approaches for managing and treating IMBDs.
Endogenous Ligands of TLR4 in Microglia: Potential Targets for Related Neurological Diseases
Authors: Chen Bo , Di Bin
Published: September 2024

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Chronic inflammation mediated by microglia is a cause of some neuroinflammatory diseases.
TLR4, a natural immune receptor on microglia, plays an important role in the occurrence of
inflammation and the process of diseases. TLR4 can be activated by a variety of ligands to trigger
inflammatory responses, including endogenous ligands HMGB1, S100A8/9, Heme, and Fetuin-A.
As ligands derived from the body itself, they have the ability to bind directly to TLR4 and can be
used as inducers of aseptic inflammation. In the past 20 years, targeting ligands rather than receptors
has become an emerging therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diseases, so understanding
the relationship between microglia, TLR4, TLR4 ligands, and corresponding diseases may have
new implications for the treatment of diseases. In the article, we will discuss the TLR4 and the endogenous
substances that can activate the TLR4 signaling pathway and present literature support
for their role in neuroinflammatory diseases.