bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Turning performance in squid and cuttlefish: unique dual mode, muscular hydrostatic systems
Authors: Jastrebsky Rachel A. , Bartol Ian K. , Krueger Paul S.
Published: March 2016

Although steady swimming has received considerable attention in prior studies, unsteady swimming movements represent a larger portion of many aquatic animals' locomotive repertoire and have not been examined extensively. Squids and cuttlefishes are cephalopods with unique muscular hydrostat-driven, dual mode propulsive systems involving paired fins and a pulsed jet. These animals exhibit a wide range of swimming behavior, but turning performance has not been examined quantitatively. Brief squid Lolliguncula brevis and dwarf cuttlefish Sepia bandensis were filmed during turns using high-speed cameras. Kinematic features were tracked, including the length specific radius of the turn (R/L), a measure of maneuverability, and angular velocity (ω), a measure of agility. Both L. brevis and S. bandensis demonstrated high maneuverability, with (R/L)min values=3.4x10−3±5.9x10−4 and 1.2x10−3±4.7x10−4 (mean±s.e.m.), respectively, which are the lowest measures of (R/L) reported for any aquatic taxa. Lolliguncula brevis exhibited higher agility than S. bandensis (ωamax=725.8° s−1 vs. ωamax=485.0° s−1), and both cephalopods have intermediate agility when compared with flexible-bodied and rigid-bodied nekton of similar size, reflecting their hybrid body architecture. In L. brevis, jet flows were the principal driver of angular velocity. Asymmetric fin motions played a reduced role, and arm wrapping increased turning performance to varying degrees depending on the species. This study indicates that coordination between the jet and fins is important for turning performance, with L. brevis achieving faster turns than S. bandensis and S. bandensis achieving tighter, more controlled turns than L. brevis.
Sequential steps of macroautophagy and chaperone-mediated autophagy are involved in the irreversible process of posterior silk gland histolysis during metamorphosis ofBombyx mori
Authors: Shiba Hajime , Yabu Takeshi , Sudayama Makoto , Mano Nobuhiro , Arai Naoto , Nakanishi Teruyuki , Hosono Kuniaki
Published: March 2016

To elucidate the degradation process of the posterior silk gland (PSG) during metamorphosis of the silkworm Bombyx mori, tissues collected on the 6th day after entering the 5th instar (V6), prior to spinning (PS), during spinning (SP), and after cocoon formation (CO) were used to analyze macroautophagy, chaperon-mediated autophagy (CMA), and the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent ubiquitin-proteasome. Immediately after entering the metamorphosis stage at PS, the levels of ATP and phosphorylated p70S6 kinase protein decreased spontaneously and continued to decline at SP, followed by a notable restoration at CO. In contrast, phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) showed increases at SP and CO. Most of the Atg8 protein was converted to form-II at all stages. The levels of ubiquitinated-proteins were high at SP and CO, and low at PS. The proteasome activity was high at V6 and PS but low at SP and CO. In the isolated lysosome fractions, levels of Hsc70/Hsp70 protein began to increase at PS and continued to rise at SP and CO. The lysosomal cathepsin B/L activity showed a dramatic increase at CO. Our results clearly demonstrate that macroautophagy occurs before entering the metamorphosis stage and strongly suggest that the CMA pathway may play an important role in the histolysis of the PSG during metamorphosis.
Cardiorespiratory responses in an Antarctic fish suggest limited capacity for thermal acclimation
Authors: Egginton S. , Campbell H. A.
Published: March 2016

Polar fishes are at high risk from increasing seawater temperatures. Characterising the physiological responses to such changes may both clarify mechanisms that permit life under extreme conditions, and identify limitations in the response to continued global warming. We hypothesised that Notothenia coriiceps would show physiological compensation after an acute exposure to 5°C, and following 6wk warm acclimation, compared to ambient temperature (0°C). However, initial tachycardia (22.4±2.8 vs. 12.8±1.1min−1; P<0.01) was not reversed by acclimation (21.0±1.9min−1). Hyperventilation (45.5±3.1 vs. 21.4±2.4min−1; P<0.001) showed a modest reduction (38.0±2.9min−1; P<0.05), while resting oxygen consumption (0.52±0.08mmol.kg−1.h−1) was acutely increased at 5°C (1.07±0.10mmol.kg−1.h−1; P<0.001) but unchanged with acclimation. Autonomic blockade showed initial responses were mainly of vagal origin, with little subsequent withdrawal or recovery in long-term heart rate variability after 6wk. Given the limited cardiorespiratory capacity to withstand sustained warming, effective physiological compensation likely requires a more prolonged acclimation period.
Decreased force enhancement in skeletal muscle sarcomeres with a deletion in titin
Authors: Powers Krysta , Nishikawa Kiisa , Joumaa Venus , Herzog Walter
Published: March 2016

In the cross-bridge theory, contractile force is produced by cross-bridges that form between actin and myosin filaments. However, when a contracting muscle is stretched, its active force vastly exceeds the force that can be attributed to cross-bridges. This unexplained, enhanced force has been thought to originate in the giant protein titin, which becomes stiffer in actively compared to passively stretched sarcomeres by an unknown mechanism. We investigated this mechanism using a genetic mutation (mdm) with a small but crucial deletion in the titin protein. Myofibrils from normal and mdm mice were stretched from sarcomere lengths of 2.5 to 6.0 μm. Actively stretched myofibrils from normal mice were stiffer and generated more force than passive myofibrils at all sarcomere lengths. No increase in stiffness, and just a small increase in force, was observed in actively compared to passively stretched mdm myofibrils. These results are in agreement with the idea that titin force enhancement stiffens and stabilizes the sarcomere during contraction and that this mechanism is lost with the mdm mutation.
Dancing to her own beat: honey bee foragers communicate via individually calibrated waggle dances
Authors: Schürch Roger , Ratnieks Francis L. W. , Samuelson Elizabeth E. W. , Couvillon Margaret J.
Published: March 2016

Communication signals often vary between individuals, even when one expects selection to favour accuracy and precision, such as the honey bee waggle dance, where foragers communicate to nestmates the direction and distance to a resource. Although many studies have examined intra-dance variation, or the variation within a dance, less is known about inter-dance variation, or the variation between dances. This is particularly true for distance communication. Here we trained individually-marked bees from three colonies to forage at feeders of known distances and monitored their dances to determine individual communication variation. We found that each honey bee possesses her own calibration: individual duration-distance calibrations varied significantly in both slopes and intercepts. The variation may incur a cost for communication, such that a dancer and recruit may misunderstand the communicated distance by as much as 50%. Future work is needed to understand better the mechanisms and consequences of individual variation in communication.
Internal pigment cells respond to external UV radiation in frogs
Authors: Franco-Belussi Lilian , Sköld Helen Nilsson , de Oliveira Classius
Published: March 2016

Fish and amphibians have pigment cells that generate colorful skins important for signaling, camouflage, thermoregulation, and protection against ultraviolet radiation (UVR). However, many animals have also pigment cells inside their bodies, on their internal organs and membranes. In contrast to external pigmentation, internal pigmentation is remarkably little studied and its function is not well known. Here, we tested genotoxic effects of UVR and its effects on internal pigmentation in a Neotropical frog, Physalaemus nattereri. We found an increased body darkness and internal melanin pigmentation in testes and heart surfaces, in the mesenterium and lumbar region after just a few hours of UVR exposure. The melanin dispersion in melanomacrophages in the liver and melanocytes in testes increased after UV exposure. In addition, the amount of melanin inside melanomacrophages cells increased too. While mast cells were quickly activated by UVR, only longer UVR exposures resulted in genotoxic effects inside frogs, by increasing the frequency of micronuclei in red blood cells. This is the first study to describe systemic responses of external UVR on internal melanin pigmentation, melanomacrophages, and melanocytes in frogs and thus provide a functional explanation to the presence of internal pigmentation.
Plasticity in gastrointestinal morphology and enzyme activity in lactating striped hamsters (Cricetulus barabensis)
Authors: Zhang Ji-Ying , Zhao Xiao-Ya , Wen Jing , Tan Song , Zhao Zhi-Jun
Published: March 2016

In small mammals marked phenotypic plasticity of digestive physiology has been shown to make it easier to cope with the energetically stressful periods, such as lactation. It has been proposed that the capacity of the gut to digest and absorb food is not the factor limiting to sustained energy intake (SusEI) during peak lactation. In this study, plasticity in energy intake and gastrointestinal morphology was examined in striped hamsters at different stages of reproduction and raising litters of different sizes. Mechanisms associated with digestive enzymes and neuroendocrine hormones underpinning the plasticity were also examined. The females significantly increased energy intake, digestibility, masses of digestive tracts and activity of stomach pepsin and maltase, sucrase and aminopeptidase of small intestine in peak lactation compared to the non-productive and post-lactating periods. Further, the females raising large litters significantly increased energy intake, digestibility, gastrointestinal mass and activity of digestive enzymes, and weaned heavier offspring compared with those nursing small and medium litters, indicating that the significant plasticity of digestive physiology increased reproductive performance. The agouti-related protein (AgRP) mRNA expression in the hypothalamus was up-regulated significantly in the females raising large litters relative to those raising small litters. Serum leptin levels, hypothalamus neuropeptide Y (NPY), or anorexigenic neuropeptides (pro-opiomelanocortin / cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript, POMC / CART) mRNA expression did not differ among the females raising small, medium and large litters, indicating that leptin levels in lactation might only reflect a state of energy balance rather than being the prime driver of hyperphagia. Some hypothalamic neuropeptides, such as NPY, POMC and CART, would be involved in the limits to the SusEI during lactation.
The differential effects of parental involvement on high school completion and postsecondary attendance
Authors: Ross Terris Raiford
Published: March 2016

Previous studies have shown the impact of parental involvement on a number of student achievement, motivation, and engagement outcomes, but the extent to which parental involvement influences high school completion and postsecondary attendance has received less attention in the literature. Filling that gap, this study replicates and extends previous research (Fan & Williams, 2010) by examining the influence of various dimensions of parental involvement on high school completion and postsecondary attendance (with particular interest in dropouts who later earned GEDs and went on to college). Results show that parents’ educational expectations for their children play a significant role in whether students from all backgrounds persist toward completion of high school and whether they attend a postsecondary institution. This study also finds parent participation in school functions to be a significant positive predictor of both high school completion and postsecondary enrollment, while communication between parent and school about children’s school problems is negatively associated with both outcomes. The implications for expanding developmentally appropriate and culturally sensitive policies for family and school engagement are discussed.
Hydration and Fluid Replacement Knowledge, Attitudes, Barriers, and Behaviors of NCAA Division 1 American Football Players
Authors: Judge Lawrence W. , Kumley Roberta F. , Bellar David M. , Pike Kim L. , Pierson Eric E. , Weidner Thomas , Pearson David , Friesen Carol A.
Published: March 2016

Judge, LW, Kumley, RF, Bellar, DM, Pike, KL, Pierson, EE, Weidner, T, Pearson, D, and Friesen, CA. Hydration and fluid replacement knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and behaviors of NCAA Division 1 American football players. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 2972–2978, 2016—Hydration is an important part of athletic performance, and understanding athletes' hydration knowledge, attitudes, barriers, and behaviors is critical for sport practitioners. The aim of this study was to assess National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division 1 (D1) American football players, with regard to hydration and fluid intake before, during, and after exercise, and to apply this assessment to their overall hydration practice. The sample consisted of 100 student-athletes from 2 different NCAA D1 universities, who participated in voluntary summer football conditioning. Participants completed a survey to identify the fluid and hydration knowledge, attitudes and behaviors, demographic data, primary football position, previous nutrition education, and barriers to adequate fluid consumption. The average Hydration Knowledge Score (HKS) for the participants in the present study was 11.8 ± 1.9 (69.4% correct), with scores ranging from 42 to 100% correct. Four key misunderstandings regarding hydration, specifically related to intervals of hydration habits among the study subjects, were revealed. Only 24% of the players reported drinking enough fluids before, during, immediately after, and 2 hours after practice. Generalized linear model analysis predicted the outcome variable HKS (χ2 = 28.001, p = 0.045), with nutrition education (Wald χ2 = 8.250, p = 0.041) and position on the football team (χ2 = 9.361, p = 0.025) being significant predictors. “Backs” (e.g., quarterbacks, running backs, and defensive backs) demonstrated significantly higher hydration knowledge than “Linemen” (p = 0.014). Findings indicated that if changes are not made to increase hydration awareness levels among football teams, serious health consequences, including potential fatalities, could occur on the field, especially among heavier linemen.
Excess Postexercise Oxygen Consumption After High-Intensity and Sprint Interval Exercise, and Continuous Steady-State Exercise
Authors: Tucker Wesley J. , Angadi Siddhartha S. , Gaesser Glenn A.
Published: March 2016

Tucker, WJ, Angadi, SS, and Gaesser, GA. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption after high-intensity and sprint interval exercise, and continuous steady-state exercise. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3090–3097, 2016—Higher excess postexercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) after high-intensity interval exercise (HIE) and sprint interval exercise (SIE) may contribute to greater fat loss sometimes reported after interval training compared with continuous steady-state exercise (SSE) training. We compared EPOC after HIE, SIE, and SSE. Ten recreationally active men (age 24 ± 4 years) participated in this randomized crossover study. On separate days, subjects completed a resting control trial and 3 exercise conditions on a cycle ergometer: HIE (four 4-minute intervals at 95% peak heart rate (HRpeak), separated by 3 minutes of active recovery), SIE (six 30-second Wingate sprints, separated by 4 minutes of active recovery), and SSE (30 minutes at 80% of HRpeak). Oxygen consumption (V̇o
2) was measured continuously during and for 3 hours after exercise. For all conditions, V̇o
2 was higher than resting control only during the first hour postexercise. Although 3-hour EPOC and total net exercise energy expenditure (EE) after exercise were higher (p = 0.01) for SIE (22.0 ± 9.3 L; 110 ± 47 kcal) compared with SSE (12.8 ± 8.5 L; 64 ± 43 kcal), total (exercise + postexercise) net O2 consumed and net EE were greater (p = 0.03) for SSE (69.5 ± 18.4 L; 348 ± 92 kcal) than those for SIE (54.2 ± 12.0 L; 271 ± 60 kcal). Corresponding values for HIE were not significantly different from SSE or SIE. Excess postexercise oxygen consumption after SIE and HIE is unlikely to account for the greater fat loss per unit EE associated with SIE and HIE training reported in the literature.
Physical Characteristics Underpinning Repetitive Lunging in Fencing
Authors: Turner Anthony N. , Marshall Geoff , Phillips James , Noto Angelo , Buttigieg Conor , Chavda Shyam , Downing William , Atlay Nathan , Dimitriou Lygeri , Kilduff Laim
Published: March 2016

Turner, AN, Marshall, G, Phillips, J, Noto, A, Buttigieg, C, Chavda, S, Downing, W, Atlay, N, Dimitriou, L, and Kilduff, L. Physical characteristics underpinning repetitive lunging in fencing. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3134–3139, 2016—Given the repetitive demand to execute lunging and changes in direction within fencing, the ability to sustain these at maximal capacity is fundamental to performance. The aim of this study was threefold. First, to provide normative values for this variable referred to as repeat lunge ability (RLA) and second to identify the physical characteristics that underpin it. Third, was to establish if a cause and effect relationship existed by training the associated characteristics. Assessment of lower-body power, reactive strength, speed, change of direction speed (CODS), and a sport-specific RLA were conducted on senior and junior elite male fencers (n = 36). Fencers were on average (±SD) 18.9 ± 3.2 years of age, 174.35 ± 10.42 cm tall, 70.67 ± 7.35 kg in mass, and 8.5 ± 4.2 years fencing experience. The RLA test had average work times of 16.03 ± 1.40 seconds and demonstrated “large” to “very large” associations with all tested variables, but in particular CODS (r = 0.70) and standing broad jump (SBJ; r = −0.68). Through linear regression analysis, these also provided a 2-predictor model accounting for 61% of the common variance associated with RLA. A cause and effect relationship with SBJ and CODS was confirmed by the training group, where RLA performance in these fencers improved from 15.80 ± 1.07 to 14.90 ± 0.86 seconds, with the magnitude of change reported as “moderate” (effect size (ES) = 0.93). Concurrent improvements were also noted in both SBJ (216.86 ± 17.15 vs. 221.71 ± 17.59 cm) and CODS (4.44 ± 0.29 vs. 4.31 ± 0.09 seconds) and while differences were only significant in SBJ, magnitudes of change were classed as “small” (ES = 0.28) and “moderate” (ES = 0.61), respectively. In conclusion, to improve RLA strength and conditioning coaches should focus on improving lower-body power and reactive strength, noting that jump training and plyometrics designed to enhance horizontal propulsion may be most effective, and translate to improvement in CODS also.
High-Intensity Training Improves Exercise Performance in Elite Women Volleyball Players During a Competitive Season
Authors: Purkhús Elisabeth , Krustrup Peter , Mohr Magni
Published: March 2016

Purkhús, E, Krustrup, P, and Mohr, M. High-intensity training improves exercise performance in elite women volleyball players during a competitive season. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3066–3072, 2016—Elite women volleyball players (n = 25; mean ± SD: age, 19 ± 5 years; height, 171 ± 7 cm; weight, 63 ± 10 kg) volunteered to participate in the study. They were randomized into a high-intensity training (HIT; n = 13) group and a control (CON; n = 12) group. In addition to the normal team training and games, HIT performed 6–10 × 30-seconds all-out running intervals separated by 3-minute recovery periods 3 times per week during a 4-week in-season period whereas CON only completed the team training sessions and games. Preintervention and postintervention, all players completed the arrowhead agility test (AAT), a repeated sprint test (RST; 5 × 30 meters separated by 25 seconds of recovery), and the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery level 2 test (Yo-Yo IR2) followed by a-10 minute rest period and the Yo-Yo IR1 test. Mean running distance during HIT in week 1 was 152 ± 4 m and increased (p ≤ 0.05) by 4.6% (159 ± 3 m) in week 4. The AAT performance improved (p ≤ 0.05) by 2.3% (18.87 ± 0.97–18.44 ± 1.06 seconds) and RST by 4.3% postintervention in the HIT group only. Baseline RST fatigue index was 7.0 ± 2.9 and 6.2 ± 5.0% in HIT and CON, respectively, but was lowered (p ≤ 0.05) to 2.7 ± 3.0% posttraining in HIT and remained unaltered in CON (5.5 ± 5.0%). In HIT, Yo-Yo IR2 and Yo-Yo IR1 performance improved by 12.6 and 18.3% postintervention, respectively, with greater (p ≤ 0.05) Yo-yo IR1 change scores than in CON. In conclusion, additional high-intensity in-season training performed as interval running improved agility, repeated sprint ability, and high-intensity intermittent exercise performance in elite women volleyball players.
Self-Reported Physical Tasks and Exercise Training in Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Teams
Authors: Davis Matthew R. , Easter Richard L. , Carlock Jonathan M. , Weiss Lawrence W. , Longo Elizabeth A. , Smith Lisa M. , Dawes J. Jay , Schilling Brian K.
Published: March 2016

Davis, MR, Easter, RL, Carlock, JM, Weiss, LW, Longo, EA, Smith, LM, Dawes, JJ, and Schilling, BK. Self-reported physical tasks and exercise training in Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) teams. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3242–3248, 2016—Little research has been done examining the most physically demanding tasks a SWAT officer may perform in the line of duty. Our objective was to analyze the rankings of tasks by SWAT officers based on frequency, difficulty, and importance and assess if training is addressing traits needed for successful task completion. A survey was designed using Qualtrics (Qualtrics Labs Inc). The survey had a demographics section, performance section, and training section. Officers were contacted by phone or e-mail and asked about interest in participating. Officers who agreed were sent the survey. Our results found a strong correlation between frequency of task and importance (r = 0.69, p = 0.001), and a moderate correlation was found between task difficulty and importance (r = 0.37, p = 0.005). Task rankings were averaged across the 3 domains to assess “overall” importance, and the top 3 tasks were assessed for necessary traits for successful performance. Power and strength were determined to be the most important traits for successful performance. Officers ranked the top 2 focuses of their training program in the training section as stamina/muscular endurance and cardiovascular/respiratory endurance. Training programs for SWAT officers should be developed to improve performance of the tasks with the highest “overall” importance. Therefore, a training program should emphasize strength and power improvements while not neglecting other measures of fitness.
Evaluation of Performance Improvements After Either Resistance Training or Sprint Interval–Based Concurrent Training
Authors: Laird Richard H. , Elmer David J. , Barberio Matthew D. , Salom Lorena P. , Lee Khalil A. , Pascoe David D.
Published: March 2016

Laird IV, RH, Elmer, DJ, Barberio, MD, Salom, LP, Lee, KA, and Pascoe, DD. Evaluation of performance improvements after either resistance training or sprint interval–based concurrent training. J Strength Cond Res 30(11): 3057–3065, 2016—The purpose of this investigation was to examine the effects of concurrent sprint interval and resistance training (CST) vs. resistance training (RT) on measures of strength, power, and aerobic fitness in recreationally active women. Twenty-eight women (20.3 ± 1.7 years; 63.0 ± 9.1; 51.1 ± 7.1 1 repetition maximum (1-RM) back squat (kg); V̇o
2max: 35.4 ± 4.1 ml·kg−1·min−1) were recruited to complete an 11-week training program. Participants were matched-pair assigned to CST or RT cohorts after preliminary testing, which consisted of 1-RM back squats, maximal isometric squats, anaerobic power evaluations, and maximal oxygen consumption. All subjects trained 3 days per week with sprint-interval training occurring at least 4 hours after RT in the CST cohort. Both CST and RT resulted in significant improvements (p ≤ 0.05) in the 1-RM back squat (37.5 ± 7.8; 40.0 ± 9.6 kg), maximal isometric force (55.7 ± 51.3; 53.7 ± 36.7 kg), average peak anaerobic power testing (7.4 ± 6.2; 7.6 ± 6.4%), and zero-incline treadmill velocity, resulting in maximal oxygen consumption (1.8 ± 0.6; 0.8 ± 0.6 km·h−1). Only zero-incline treadmill velocity demonstrated a group-by-time interaction with a greater improvement after CST (p < 0.01). Rate of force development was not altered in either group. Results provide no evidence of interference to the adaptive process by CST. Coaches desiring improvements in strength, power, and endurance may want to evaluate how spring and high-intensity interval training might supplement programs already in place.
Féloldali vese gyűjtőcsatornás daganatának eredményes palliatív kemoterápiás kezelése anuria mellett
Authors: Kullmann Tamás , Pintér Tamás , Szepesvári Zsolt , Kránitz Noémi , Culine Stéphane
Published: March 2016

The case of a 54-year-old woman is presented. She underwent right sided unilateral nephrectomy for metastatic bilateral renal tumour of the Bellini collecting ducts. Progression of the contralateral tumour resulted in acute complete anuric renal failure. Haemodialysis was started along with palliative gemcitabine (1000 mg/m2)–cisplatine (70 mg/m2) chemotherapy. In parallel, renal function was improving and dialysis could be stopped at the end of the chemotherapy line comprising 6 cycles. Half a year later the patient was lost of uncontrolled local and pulmonary progression. The potentially nephrotoxic cisplatine chemotherapy associated to complex supportive treatment improved the renal function by controlling diffusely infiltrative tumour growth and allowed a survival benefit over one year with active household keeping capacity. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(11), 436–439.
Fogászati jellegű sérülések törvényszéki vizsgálata
Authors: Heltai Nóra , Baráth Zoltán , Kereszty Éva M.
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Documentation and evaluation of dental injuries in forensic medicine are rather problematic. It needs a professional work up why dental injuries are out of focus, and how the diagnosis, pattern and treatment are influenced by novel approaches of dentistry. Aim: The aims of the authors were to characterize dental injuries, to compare their own findings to literature data concerning the type and characteristics of injuries, and propose a diagnostic workflow. Method: Expert’s reports between 2009 and 2013 at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Szeged were reviewed. Results: Review of about 7000 reports revealed only 20 cases with dental injury, which is in contrast with literature data indicating a significantly higher frequency of dental injuries. Conclusions: Although the number of „dental cases” was low, there were several additional cases where the trauma probably affected the teeth but the injury was not documented. In future more attention is needed in forensic evaluation of the mechanism, therapeutic strategy and prognosis of dental injuries. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(11), 430–435.
Az atorvastatin/amlodipin fix kombináció versus az atorvastatinterápia a terápiahűség tükrében
Authors: Simonyi Gábor , Ferenci Tamás
Published: March 2016

Introduction: Hypertension and dyslipidemia are modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. In Hungary hypertension and dyslipidemia are quite frequent conditions. The patients’ adherence is very important factor to reach the targets. Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate the one-year persistence of the atorvastatin therapy and atorvastatin and amlodipine fixed dose combination. Method: National Health Insurance Found prescriptions database of Hungary on pharmacy claims between October 1, 2012 and September 30, 2013 was analyzed. The authors identified patients who filled prescriptions for atorvastatin and amlodipine fixed dose combination and atorvastatin prescribed for the first time. Patients did not receive similar drugs for one year before the study. To model the persistence, the apparatus of survival analysis was used, where “survival” was the time to abandon the medication. As it was available to month precision, discrete time survival analysis was applied: a generalized linear model was estimated with complementary log-log link function with the kind of drug being the only explanatory variable. Results: During the trial period, atorvastatin and atorvastatin plus amlodipine fixed dose combination was started in 192,579 and 24,433 patients, respectively. One year persistence rate in patients with atorvastatin and amlodipine fixed dose combination was 43%, and 21% in patients with atorvastatin therapy. The 360-days-restricted study period, the mean duration of persistence was 221.4 (SE: 0.894) days in patients on atorvastatin and amlodipine fixed dose combination and 153.0 days (SE: 0.297) in those on atorvastatin regimen. The hazard of discontinuation was almost twofold higher during treatment with atorvastatin therapy compared with the use of the atorvastatin and amlodipine fixed dose combination (hazard ratio = 1.85, p<0.0001). Conclusions: There is a significant difference between the one-year persistence of atorvastatin therapy and atorvastatin plus amlodipine fixed dose combination. The result demonstrate that atorvastatin and amlodipine fixed dose combination is favourable to reach double goals on blood pressure and LDL-cholesterol. Orv. Hetil., 2016, 157(11), 425–429.
New records of Ischnocnema verrucosa Reinhart and Lütken, 1862 and I. surda Canedo, Pimenta, Leite and Caramaschi, 2010 (Anura, Brachycephalidae) in Minas Gerais state, Brazil
Authors: Silva Emanuel Teixeira da , Santos Patrícia Da Silva , Coelho Harley Leandro , Viana Renato De Souza , Heitor Rodrigo Carrara , Garcia Paulo Christiano de Anchietta
Published: March 2016

Herein we provide new records of the leaf litter frogs Ischnocnema verrucosa and I. surda for the state of Minas Gerais, Southeast of Brazil. Our records fill the current gap in the geographic distribution of I. verrucosa in the east of Minas Gerais, and extend the distribution of I. surda in about 117 km straight southeast of its type locality. We also provide discussions regarding diagnose characters of I. surda.
Noteworthy new records of squamate reptiles (Reptilia: Squamata) from various Venezuelan Caribbean islands, including a new addition to the herpetofauna of Venezuela
Authors: Ugueto Gabriel N. , Velozo Pablo , Sanchez Luz Esther , Villapol Luis A. Bermúdez , Lasso-Alcalá Oscar , Barros Tito R. , Rivas Gilson A.
Published: March 2016

The occurrence of Gymnophthalmus lineatus in Venezuela is established for the first time based on a specimen collected on Las Aves Archipelago. We also document the first records of Phyllodactylus ventralis from Los Frailes Archipelago, Amphisbaena alba from Isla de Margarita, and report the occurrence of Thecadactylus cf. rapicauda on Las Aves Archipelago. Additionally we expand the distribution of the snake Leptophis ahaetulla on Isla de Margarita and report the third specimen known from that island. We also present information on the lepidosis and coloration for all species when pertinent.
New records on endangered and endemic species of Stigmaphyllon A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae) in Brazil
Authors: Almeida Rafael Felipe de , Francener Augusto , Sebastiani Renata
Published: March 2016

New records on three endangered and endemic species of Stigmaphyllon are presented: S. angustilobum extend its distribution in the State of Espírito Santo, S. crenatum extend its distribution in the State of Minas Gerais and S. macedoanum occurs also in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul.
Xenosaurus newmanorum Taylor, 1949 (Squamata: Xenosauridae): Occurrence in the state of Hidalgo, Mexico
Authors: Lara-Tufiño Daniel , Ramírez-Bautista Aurelio , Hernández-Austria Raquel , Wilson Larry David , Berriozabal-Islas Christian
Published: March 2016

Herein we report 22 individuals of Xenosaurus newmanorum representing a new state record for Hidalgo, Mexico from the Municipality of Pisaflores. Previously, this species was known only from the Municipality of Xilitla in San Luis Potosí. These new records extend the distribution of this species 13.6 km south of its previously known occurrence. We also compare total body and tail lengths for the lizards in addition to cloacal temperatures and several measurements associated with microhabitat characteristics, which are equivalent at all three sites. That microhabitat congruence suggests that its preservation is critical for protecting X. newmanorum from population decline.
Mammalia, Didelphimorphia, Didelphidae, Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912 and Chironectes minimus (Zimmermann, 1780): distribution extension for eastern Amazonia
Authors: Ardente Natália , Gettinger Donald , Fonseca Raul , Bergallo Helena De Godoy , Martins-Hatano Fernanda
Published: March 2016

We report a new record for the bushy-tailed opossum Glironia venusta Thomas, 1912 and the water opossum Chironectes minimus (Zimmermann, 1780) in the Floresta Nacional de Carajás, municipality of Parauapebas, state of Pará, Brazil (06°03’00” S, 50°15’00” W). This study represents the second record of Glironia venusta, but the first voucher specimen for eastern Brazilian Amazon. For Chironectes minimus, this record extends the range of the species 558 km southeastwards from the closest known locality in Pará.
New records of thrips (Thysanoptera: Phlaeothripidae) from Karnataka, India
Authors: Tyagi Kaomud , Kumar Vikas
Published: March 2016

Four species, two each in the subfamily Idolothripinae and Phlaeothripinae are being reported for the first time from Karnataka State, India. Diagnostic features, distribution and data on material studied for these species are given.
Geographic distribution of Physalaemus cicada Bokermann, 1966 (Anura: Leiuperidae) in Northeastern Brazil
Authors: Silva Marciana Claudio da , Oliveira Deivid Batista de , Oliveira Herivelto Faustino de , Roberto Igor Joventino , Morais Drausio Honório , Brito Samuel Vieira , Ávila Robson Waldemar
Published: March 2016

We The leiuperid genus Physalaemus is widespread in South America. The Maracas dwarf frog Physalaemus cicada occurs in southeastern and northeastern Brazil, mainly in Caatinga biome. Herein, we updated the distribution of P. cicada, presenting new data on distribution on Ceará, Pernambuco, Piauí and Rio Grande do Norte states, Brazil.
First record of the Amazonian tiny tree toad Amazophrynella minuta (Melin, 1941) (Anura: Bufonidae), for Venezuela
Authors: Rojas-Runjaic Fernando J. M. , Castroviejo-Fisher Santiago , Barrio-Amorós César L.
Published: March 2016

Amazophrynella minuta is a small toad widely distributed in the lowlands and midlands of the Amazon and Guiana regions. Herein we report the first record of this species from Venezuela based on a single specimen from Raudal de Danto, Río Cuao, northwestern Amazonas state. This record extends the distribution of the species more than 500 km from the closest known localities in Colombia and Brazil
Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 (Cyprinodontiformes, Poeciliidae): new record in rio Sergipe basin, northeastern Brazil
Authors: Brito Marcelo Fulgêncio Guedes de , Pereira Marlene Silva de Almeida , Figueiredo Carlos Augusto
Published: March 2016

The present paper reports the first record of non-native species Poecilia sphenops Valenciennes, 1846 in northeastern Brazil in rio Sergipe basin, a coastal drainage of the Sergipe state. This species was collected at seven sites in the Caatinga biome. The cause of the introduction is not known, but we believe it is a direct impact of the aquarium trade through the aquarium dumping performed by hobbyists. The presence of P. sphenops in natural waterbodies increases concerns for interference with native ecosystems, and the risk of eggs predation in native species with low fecundity and absence of parental care such as Astyanax lacustris and Serrapinnus heterodon, competition and hybridization with the native poeciliid Poecilia vivipara.
Ichthyofaunal assessment of the Gelami and Tinggi Rivers, Pahang River System, eastern Malay Peninsula, following construction of an adjacent building complex
Authors: Miyazaki Yusuke , Kano Yuichi , Tomiyama Yuta , Mitsuyuki Chika , Rashid Zulkafli Abd
Published: March 2016

The fluvial fish fauna of the Gelami and Tinggi Rivers, before and after the construction of a building complex in the adjacent forest, was compared on the basis of a literature survey (covering the period: 1997–2003) and a field survey in 2010. Forty fish species, representing 14 families and 5 orders, were recorded in total, the field survey including new records for Barbonymus gonionotus, Glyptothorax laosensis and Macrognathus maculatus. On the other hand, twelve species, including Osteochilus microcephalus, Luciosoma setigerum, Cyclocheilichthys apogon, Tor tambroides, Acantopsis choirorhynchos, Homaloptera orthogoniata, Clarias teijsmanni, Clarias macrocephalus, Pseudomystus leiacanthus, Mystus nigriceps, Parambassis siamensis and Trichopodus trichopterus, that had been listed previously, were not recorded by the latter. An analysis of the results using McNemar’s chi-squared test indicated that the fish fauna of the rivers has changed significantly following the construction, continuous quantitative monitoring and habitat evaluation being necessary for conservation of future biodiversity levels.
Impacto na leitura de artigos científicos: uma tentativa de diálogo com “meu leitor”
Authors: Akerman Marco
Published: March 2016

Resumo O artigo problematiza o termo “impacto” e se referencia na produção cientifica do seu autor que é utilizada para análise de impactos, sob a perspectiva qualitativa. Esta análise é realizada não como um fim em si mesmo, mas sob a égide da relação autor/texto/leitor. Buscando estabelecer esta relação, explora-se como o autor é citado em um artigo selecionado, adentrando cada uma das citações e identificando que aspectos foram relevados pelos leitores que fizeram as citações. Esta observação qualitativa de cada uma das citações propiciou captar como cada autor/leitor utilizou o texto original. Esta experiência pessoal e finita deste diálogo mais fino com o “meu leitor” é lançado aqui como uma recomendação, a quem possa interessar, de um dispositivo viável e repetível para que autores possam re-visitar o que escrevem a partir do reconhecimento do impacto que provocam no outro.
Lideranças comunitárias e o cuidado com a saúde, o meio ambiente e o saneamento nas áreas de vulnerabilidade social
Authors: Juliano Ester Feche Guimarães de Arruda , Malheiros Tadeu Fabrício , Marques Rui Cunha
Published: March 2016

Resumo O objetivo principal do artigo é identificar o acesso a: programas de inclusão da assistência social, assistência dos agentes de saúde, serviços públicos de abastecimento de água e práticas economizadoras de água, em áreas de ocupação irregular. Adotou-se técnica de amostra aleatória estratificada por conglomerados com estratégia de amostragem simples. No universo de 14.079 domicílios, foram entrevistados 68 líderes, representando 6.800 domicílios em média, numa distribuição normalizada (média 0 e desvio padrão 1) foram englobados as situações que cobrem 96% dos casos com uma margem de erro de + ou – 1% da média. A abordagem teórica propõem uma reflexão e verificação por meio de questionários sobre os mecanismos de exclusão, sendo que a pobreza perpetua o círculo vicioso de desigualdade, riscos para a saúde e meio ambiente, sendo necessário que sejam considerados nas políticas e procedimentos por conta da expansão urbana. Como conclusão, identifica-se diversos desafios para o atendimento às áreas de vulnerabilidade socioambiental: melhorar a baixa qualidade de serviços de saúde e saneamento nos aglomerados subnormais; modificar o comportamento da população acessando as redes de forma clandestina; e implantar mecanismos de governança inclusiva.
Analysis of food habits of skate Rioraja agassizii (Elasmobranchii, Rajidae) from southern Brazil
Authors: Motta N. S. , Della-Fina N. , Souza C. C. A. , Rodrigues E. S. , Amorim A. F.
Published: March 2016

Abstract Catches and exports of skate Rioraja agassizii place this species as “vulnerable to extinction” on the IUCN Red List; therefore, biological and ecological knowledge becomes an important instrument for its conservation control. This study described and quantified the diet composition of R. agassizii by means of stomach analysis contents in the periods 2005-2006 and 2012-2013. We analyzed and quantified stomach contents in terms of abundance (%N), weight (%M), frequency of occurrence (% FO), and index of relative importance (IRI). The results showed differences in the food rates between the periods. However, the groups of food items were the same: Teleostei fish, decapods, and mollusks. In 2005-2006, the diet consisted mainly of shrimp, however, in 2012-2013 it consisted of fish, followed by decapods, especially shrimps. The differences in diets may be attributed to shrimp abundance, which do not characterize a change in the eating habits in 2012-2013, because, in addition to fish, shrimps were also important food sources. The presence of a certain prey is more related to its availability rather than the feeding preference of skate. The amount of ingested items is associated to biological and environmental factors, so that further studies relating diet with capture area, seasonality, depth, and other factors should be conducted.
AJUSTE DA EQUAÇÃO DE HOLTAN MODIFICADA PARA UM SOLO BRUNO NÃO CÁLCICO DA REGIÃO SEMI-ÁRIDA
Authors: Aguiar José Vanglesio de , Libardi Paulo Leonel , Saunders Luis Carlos Uchôa , Paz Vital Pedro da Silva
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O estudo da infiltração da água no solo é de grande importância para o conhecimento da dinâmica da água no solo e a elaboração de modelos para o monitoramento da umidade no solo. O presente trabalho foi conduzido na Fazenda Experimental do Vale do Curu, pertencente à Universidade Federal do Ceará, localizada em região semi-árida, e teve como objetivo estudar a infiltração da água em um solo Bruno Não-Cálcico, utilizando-se a equação de Holtan modificada, cujo estudo consistiu na realização de testes de infiltração para obtenção da capacidade máxima de infiltração, infiltração em regime estacionário utilizando cilindros infiltrômetros e porosidade total do solo; foi determinada, também a velocidade de infiltração da água em função do conteúdo de água do solo e, a partir dos dados de velocidade de infiltração e umidade correspondente, foi ajustada uma equação de infiltração da forma i=if+(io-if)[(Θo-Θ)/ Θo]α. A equação ajustada foi: i=17,5+(1128,2-17,5)[(0,2437-Θ)/0,2437]1,4726 e pode ser utilizada sem se considerar a lâmina infiltrada e a profundidade de controle.
DETERMINAÇÃO DO TEOR DE UMIDADE DE SEMENTES DE TRIGO POR MEIO DA MEDIÇÃO SIMULTÂNEA DE DOIS PARÂMETROS DIELÉTRICOS EM UMA ÚNICA FREQÜÊNCIA
Authors: Berbert Pedro Amorim , Stenning Brian C.
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Em trabalhos anteriores, os autores avaliaram diversas metodologias que tinham como princípio básico a medição de parâmetros dielétricos para estimar a quantidade relativa de água presente em amostras de produtos granulares e que foram adaptadas para o cálculo do teor de umidade de sementes de trigo. Avaliou-se tanto a medição simultânea de um (ε') ou dois (ε' e ε") parâmetros dielétricos em duas freqüências de oscilação, quanto a medição desses dois parâmetros em uma única freqüência. Estas são as duas únicas alternativas, além da utilização da técnica de atenuação de raios-g atualmente conhecidas para eliminar ou reduzir a influência da massa específica aparente no valor calculado do teor de umidade, pré-requisito indispensável no desenvolvimento de um medidor on-line do teor de umidade de produtos agrícolas; no entanto, as equações de calibração então obtidas não permitiram estimar-se o teor de umidade, independentemente da massa específica aparente do produto, com os graus de exatidão e precisão desejados. Sendo assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo expandir o estudo sobre a determinação indireta do teor de umidade de sementes de trigo adaptando, para o intervalo de radiofreqüências, a metodologia originalmente proposta por Meyer & Schilz (1980) para o cálculo do teor de umidade de produtos granulados e que utilizava freqüências no intervalo das microondas. A equação obtida permite calcular-se o teor de umidade do trigo com erros-padrão de calibração e de predição de 0,3 e 0,4 ponto percentual, respectivamente.
UTILIZAÇÃO DE LODO ANAERÓBIO COMO FONTE EXTERNA DE CARBONO NO PROCESSO DE DESNITRIFICAÇÃO DE ÁGUAS RESIDUÁRIAS
Authors: Sousa José Tavares de , Foresti Eugênio
Published: March 2016

RESUMO O processo de desnitrificação reduz, de forma geral, nitrato a nitrogênio molecular; essa redução acontece associada ao ganho de elétrons. Na desnitrificação, as bactérias heterotróficas utilizam carbono orgânico como fonte doadora de elétrons. No caso de esgotos sanitários já tratados (tratamento secundário) e como estes não dispõem de carbono orgânico suficiente exigem, portanto, uma fonte externa de carbono orgânico. Assim sendo, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar o potencial de desnitrificação de uma coluna preenchida com lodo anaeróbio sem o uso de outra fonte externa de carbono; esta coluna foi carregada pelo topo superior com lodo e, por meio de bomba peristáltica, o afluente nitrificado alimentava a coluna em fluxo ascendente. Durante 30 semanas de operação, a eficiência de remoção na coluna de desnitrificação permaneceu em torno de 72%, o lodo anaróbio se comportou como fonte externa de carbono adequada para o processo e a maior eficiência de remoção de nitrato ocorreu quando a coluna foi operada com maior concentração de sólidos suspenso voláteis (SSV); portanto, a eficiência de remoção de nitrato é função da concentração de SSV e, consequentemente, da masssa de lodo na coluna.
CONFORTO TÉRMICO EM GALPÕES AVÍCOLAS, SOB COBERTURAS DE CIMENTO-AMIANTO E SUAS DIFERENTES ASSOCIAÇÕES
Authors: Moraes Sandra Regina Pires de , Tinôco Ilda de Fátima Ferreira , Baêta Fernando da Costa , Cecon Paulo Roberto
Published: March 2016

RESUMO Realizou-se um experimento com modelos reduzidos de galpões avícolas, usando-se telhas de cimento-amianto como testemunha e associações de forro de polietileno, aspersão de água sobre a cobertura, dupla lâmina reflexiva de alumínio sob a cobertura, pintura branca na face superior da telha, poliuretano na face superior da cobertura, poliuretano na face inferior, com o objetivo de se estudar o conforto térmico no interior dos modelos, através do Índice de Temperatura de Globo e Umidade (ITGU) e da Carga Térmica de Radiação (CTR) obtidos na altura do centro de massa das aves, a cada 2 horas, das 8 às 18 horas, com 15 repetições/tratamento, durante o verão. Todos os tratamentos possibilitaram redução nos valores de ITGU, sendo o mais eficiente a aspersão, seguido do forro de polietileno. Para a CTR, o mais eficiente foi com forro de polietileno, seguido por aspersão. A eficiência mínima foi observada no tratamento de poliuretano na face inferior da cobertura.