bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Great Loss for the Turkish People”: the Soviet and Turkish Narrative of Mustafa Kemal Ataturk in November 1938
Authors: Lyulchak Aleksander
Published: January 2025

This article studies the response of Soviet periodicals to the death of the first president of Turkey, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, as well as coverage of his funeral, which took place on November 21, 1938. The study of the Soviet and Turkish newspapers with the help of discourse analysis revealed the similarities of the stories related to the Turkish leader, which were printed in the newspapers. It also highlights the possibility of a response and synthesis between the Soviet and Kemalist approaches in covering the death of Atatürk. On the one hand, the Soviet press fully shared the pain and loss of the Turkish people, which was expressed in telegrams and messages from officials, as well as in obituaries that covered the life path of the “leader of the Turkish nation”. On the other hand, the difficult nature of the Soviet-Turkish relations in the late 1930s, especially after the signing of the Montreux Convention, had its own reflection in the level of coverage of the funeral of the Turkish leader, as well as in obituaries, in which the time period of the second half of the 1930s remained deliberately silent. The Soviet and Turkish press, despite the unity of opinion regarding the tragedy of the loss of such a political figure as Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, differed in certain assessments of his personality. While the Turkish press highlighted only the positive sides of the Turkish leader and devoted entire issues of newspapers to his death, the Soviet mass media ignored issues, which were inconvenient for Soviet-Turkish relations.
American and Soviet Political Cartoons in the Cold War: Theoretical and Methodological Discourses
Authors: Zhuravleva Victoriya
Published: January 2025

This article aims to devise a methodology for studying the significance of visual images in political cartoons during the Cold War. Rather than analyze U.S. and Soviet mutual representations of political cartoonists in and of themselves, it constructs theoretical and methodological frameworks that can be used in studying “the Cold War of images” between the two superpowers through the lens of cartoons. The article demonstrates that political cartoons served as a unique avenue for constructing the images of the enemy as they appealed to universal collective emotions of fear and laughter. It also reflects the methodological complexities of studying visual imagery, such as investigating artists’ backgrounds and styles for the decoding of visual messages, exploring the ideological, aesthetic, and moral values of the target audience, and forming a representative sample of political cartoons. Furthermore, the images political cartoonists employed evolved within national political culture, as well as the dynamic of mutual representations during the Cold War. The author showcases that using the constructivist approach helps historians uncover the motives and contexts behind mutual images. At the same time, the semiotic and discourse analyses allow scholars to trace constants and variables of the U.S.-Soviet “image equation” connected to their messianic messages and national self-identifications.
On the Issue of “National Deviationism” by A. Ya. Shumsky (Based on the Materials of the June Plenum of the Central Committee of the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine, 1926)
Authors: Melnichenko Tanya
Published: January 2025

The article attempts to examine the process of internal struggle in the Communist Party (Bolsheviks) of Ukraine in the late 1920s and the participation in it of a prominent political figure of Ukraine — Alexander Yakovlevich Shumsky. Based on the verbatim protocol of the June plenum of the Central Committee of the CP (b) U in 1926, the accusations made against Shumsky in a nationalist bias in the context of the policy of Ukrainization, of which he was an active supporter, are analyzed. The author highlights the conflict between Shumsky and the party leadership, highlighting their differences in understanding Ukrainization and the national issue in the context of the personnel and political struggle in the CP (b) U and VKP (b). The June plenum of 1926 became decisive in Shumsky’s political career, in February 1927 Shumsky was removed from the post of the People’s Commissar for Education of the Ukrainian SSR.
Russian Economic Strategy in Serbia at the End of the 19th — Beginning of the 20th Centuries
Authors: Vishnyakov Yaroslav
Published: January 2025

The study of the nature of Russian-Serbian relations, as an integral part of the broad rivalry of the great powers for political influence in the Balkans, is closely linked with the analysis of the strategic interests of the Russian Empire in the region, with the international problem of the Black Sea straits and the reasons for the transformation of the Balkans into the “powder keg of Europe”. However, the study of the role of the economic factor as an integral part of the broad Russian-Austrian rivalry in the Balkans, as well as its role in the implementation of the global political strategy of the St. Petersburg ruling circles in this region, opens up for researchers a new layer of Russian-Serbian relations of the early twentieth century, which still requires detailed analysis, which and this article is devoted to this, which is based on documents from the archive of the foreign policy of the Russian Empire.
Qajar Iran during the Great Eastern Crisis (1875—1878) in the Mirror of the Ekinci Newspaper
Authors: Vershinina Maria
Published: January 2025

The article aims to analyze the image of Iran as perceived by Muslims in the South Caucasus, based on materials from the local Muslim periodical press, presented by the first and only privately published Turkic-language newspaper in Russia at the time, Ekinci (1875—1877). The background to the study is the Russian-Ottoman confrontation during the Eastern Crisis (1875—1878), which had a significant geopolitical impact on the region. The South Caucasus was a crucial intersection of the interests and influences of major regional powers such as the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, and the Qajar Iran. The materials of the Ekinci newspaper, published by Hasan-bey Zardabi (1842—1907), a graduate of Moscow University and teacher at the Baku gymnasium, reflect the interests of local Muslims who maintained cultural, religious and trade connections with Iran, regarding the life of their fellow believers in the Qajar state as well as the position of this Middle Eastern power on the global stage. Ekinci has played a significant role in promoting the ideas of enlightenment and secular education, which were perceived by local intellectuals as a result of their involvement in the Russian cultural and educational sphere. It has contributed as well to maintaining friendly relations between Iranian and Russian subjects, being instrumental for cultural diplomacy.
The Struggle between Chinese Diplomats V. K. Wellington Koo and Chengting Thomas Wang and the Conclusion of the “Agreement on General Principles” between the USSR and the Republic of China in 1924
Authors: Ananyan Armais
Published: January 2025

The objective of this article is to analyse the influence of the prolonged confrontation between two distinguished Chinese diplomats, V. K. Wellington Koo and Chengting Thomas Wang, during the negotiations for China's recognition of the USSR (14 September 1923 – 31 May 1924). This topic has not been extensively explored in Russian scholarship, despite being widely documented in the diplomatic archives of Republican China (1912-1949). In this study, the author draws upon a range of archival materials from the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China, as well as memoirs and diaries written by those who were directly involved in the events under discussion. The author's aim is to present a detailed account of the struggle between Koo and Wang (顧王之爭), as well as the latter's conflict with the Cabinet. In 1924, the actions of the Ministers nearly resulted in the breakdown of the negotiations surrounding the “Agreement on General Principles for the Settlement of Questions Between the Republic of China and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics”. This agreement was regarded as a fundamental step towards the establishment of diplomatic relations between Beijing and Moscow. In examining the origins of the conflict between Koo and Wang, the author posits that the underlying issue transcends the personal enmity perceived to exist between the two diplomats. Rather, the crux of the matter can be situated within the context of Chinese diplomacy during this era, which was characterized by the coexistence of two distinct approaches: professional diplomacy (the Peking government's diplomacy), epitomized by V. K. Wellington Koo, and people's diplomacy (the Guangzhou government's diplomacy), exemplified by Chengting Thomas Wang.
The Frontier Warfare Lessons: Military Orientalism in the British Empire after the Great War
Authors: Malkin Stanislav
Published: January 2025

During the Interbellum era, oriental ideas about native peoples were still an important component of the ideologies that served as the justification for the colonial presence of European powers in the East. The article analyzes the ideological and rhetorical assessment by representatives of the British military class of the parameters of the use of force in ensuring the internal security of the empire after the Great War in the context of new challenges to colonial rule – the development of national liberation movements and the growth of independence of local players on the East. The research focuses on military orientalism, which was present in the British Army corporation as not only a genre of professional writing (from official histories to publicism), but also a style of thinking and an area of practically oriented knowledge. In addition, the article reveals the mutual influence of the oriental ideas of the military class and specific directions in ensuring the internal security of the British Empire in the interwar period. The research methodology built in this way allows, taking into account the documents involved, to raise the question of the evolution of administrative practices at the final stage of the existence of the British Empire in a new way.
World Exhibitions and Approaches to Forming the Image of the Russian Empire Abroad
Authors: Grantseva Ekaterina
Published: January 2025

In the history of the Russian Empire, participation in World Exhibitions is an important component of the economic and cultural life of the country, and also contains a significant foreign policy aspect. Exhibitions served not only as a platform for demonstrating achievements, but also as a means of forming a national identity and developing cultural diplomacy. This issue creates a multi-layered information field that allows us to evaluate the interaction of culture, politics and economics in the context of the history of World Exhibitions and their influence on the perception of the Russian Empire abroad. Analyzing approaches to forming the image of the Russian Empire abroad in the context of its participation in World Exhibitions, it is necessary to highlight the most significant problematic points of this topic. Among them are an analysis of the significance of the participation of the Russian Empire in international exhibitions for the formation and dissemination of the image of Russia as a cultural and political nation; determining the role of architectural solutions and design of pavilions in reflecting imperial ambitions and values, as well as the significance of style and symbolism for representing Russia abroad and formulating its national identity; building relationships between political interests and approaches to Russia's participation in World Exhibitions; identification of the “exotic” component and analysis of its influence on the image of the Russian Empire in Europe and beyond; identification of the specifics of the formation of the image of Russia as an industrial power through participation in world exhibitions.
Between Orthodoxy and the Reason of State: An Approach to the Ups and Downs in the Relations between the Communist Parties of Eastern Europe and Spanish Communism (1968—1989)
Authors: Abad García Eduardo
Published: January 2025

Throughout history, the communist movement has been traversed by a dialectic between the national and the transnational. The Spanish communists are a clear example of the complexity of this dialectic. In 1968 they experienced a double rupture. On the one hand, the Communist Party of Spain denounced the Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and began to distance itself from real socialism. On the other hand, several orthodox dissidences appeared within the PCE as a result of these changes. The relationship of the various sectors of Spanish communism with the different ruling parties in the Warsaw Pact countries evolved unevenly under the influence of ideological disputes, practical criteria, raison d'état and particular and overall interests. This article, for the first time, attempts an overall reconstruction from 1968 to 1989.
For the Libertarian, Antiauthoritarian and Humanistic Left. Trotsky, “Trotskyism”, and Soviet Russia in the journal Babel (Chile, 1939—1951)
Authors: Aránguiz Pinto Santiago
Published: January 2025

This article analyzes the impressions and opinions that the magazine Babel, a publication directed by the writer Enrique Espinoza and printed in Santiago de Chile between 1939 and 1951, had about Leon Trotsky, “Trotskyism” and Soviet Russia, which was concerned to highlight the political, ethical, intellectual and literary virtues of the founder of the Red Army, considered one of the most relevant figures in the processes that defined the course of world history during the first decades of the 20th century. In fact, the figure of Trotsky played a fundamental role in Babel to the extent that he represented the values of a left-wing ideological project of a libertarian, democratic and humanist nature, in opposition to the authoritarian communism embodied by Stalin and Stalinism, questioned meanwhile for its coercive, violent, centralist and authoritarian practices.
Evolution of Cuban Revolution Ideology: from 1950s to 1961
Authors: Arabadzhyan Alexandra
Published: January 2025

The paper studies ideology of the Cuban revolution in the 1950s — early 1960s. The sources are represented by official documents of the revolutionary government, speeches and written works of Cuban leaders, as well as archival materials reflecting the dynamics of social relations in Cuba after January 1959. The first part analyzes ideology of the three main revolutionary organizations that united at the final stage of the guerrilla war: the People’ Socialist Party (the first Communist Party of Cuba), the 26th of July Movement, and the Revolutionary Directorate of 13 March. The article shows that only the Popular Socialist Party adhered to Marxist positions, while the other two structures fighting against Batista regime had a more moderate rhetoric calling for national liberation. The discourse of the 26th July Movement also emphasized social justice and the need for radical socio-economic transformations affecting the system of social relations. In the second part of the research analyzes the dynamics of the revolutionary process after January 1959. Launching more radical reforms, that had been promised under the program of the July 26 Movement, conducted the conservative and liberal elements to turn away from the revolution. At the same time, the ideological foundation of the revolution increasingly relied on Marxism-Leninism. The process of uniting the three revolutionary organizations largely depended on grassroots structures under the Popular Socialist Party. The revolution’s leaders, especially F. Castro, were becoming more leftist. As a result, in April 1961, the socialist character of the Cuban revolution was officially declared. By the end of 1961, the principles of Marxism-Leninism were declared the basis for the formation of the United Party of the Socialist Revolution. Thus, the ideology of the Cuban revolution shifted from ideas of national liberation and the struggle for social justice to Marxism-Leninism, perceived as a scientific worldview.
The Maoist Utopia in Mexico
Authors: Schelchkov Andrey
Published: January 2025

The Soviet-Chinese contradictions and the subsequent split in the International Communist Movement in the early 1960s led to the emergence of new original leftist movements in Latin America, and in Mexico in particular. Maoism found fertile ground on the left flank of the Mexican political scene, primarily among the non-conformist, anti-bureaucratic part of the Communist Party, revolutionary-minded students and intellectuals, who were looking for effective methods of struggle against the authoritarian, one-party system in the country, and who saw in Maoism an instrument of revolutionary change in society, based on the peasantry. If in most countries of the continent Maoism attracted with its revolutionary and anti-imperialist program of national liberation, giving preference to violent methods of struggle, the peculiarity of Mexican Maoism was its strict attention to the idea of serving the people, going to the people, living in the people and helping them, always with the aim of preparing the foundations for the beginning of a “protracted people’s war” with reliance on the already created “liberated” areas. The result was the success of just such organizations, while the Maoist guerilla and the transition to open armed struggle proved weak and unable to seriously affect the strengthening of the revolutionary movement in the country. The Mexican version of Maoism became an ideological project attractive to young people and students, capable of attempting to realize in practice a “revolutionary utopia” by creating peasant settlements based on Maoist theory and practice. This peculiarity of Mexican Maoism led to the evolution of the movement itself over time, which lost its specific Maoist features and became part of the New Left.
Soviet Russia and Epidemics: Mobilizing Scientific Knowledge in Response to the Threat of Plague in the Early Years of Soviet Power
Authors: Mikhel Dmitriy
Published: January 2025

The history of plague control in the first years of Soviet power is an important episode in national history. The leaders of the People's Commissariat of Health of the RSFSR managed to mobilize all the leading specialists in the field of plague control, but this desire for cooperation was mutual, because even in the times of the Russian Empire they were in the service of the government and were well aware of their responsibility for the security of the country and public health. The experience of plague control, accumulated since the late 1890s, was in great demand immediately after the end of the civil war. The transition of power into Bolshevik hands coincided with the transfer of the main center of plague control work from the Plague Fort in Kronstadt to Saratov. The transformation of the “Microbe” Institute into the center of all anti-plague work helped in 1923 to launch a large-scale offensive against plague outbreaks to the south and east of Saratov province and to achieve impressive results by the end of 1925. From the point of view of the leaders of the Narkomzdrav, the “ring of plague” that had engulfed the young Soviet republic from all sides was opened. The successes achieved in the Lower Volga and the Kyrgyz steppe were later used as the basis for the further “triumphal march” of Soviet science and Soviet power on the eastern fringes of the USSR.
Images of Lithuania in the Russian Journalism of the Era of Great Reforms
Authors: Komzolova Anna
Published: January 2025

The article is devoted to ideas about Lithuania, its territory, political history and ethnic composition of the population, formed in the Russian journalism of the 1860s, which went down in history as the Era of the Great reforms. On the one hand, the perception of ancient Lithuanians as barbarians and historical Lithuania as a wild land has become even stronger. For example, the histirian N. I. Kostomarov, exploring pagan mythology, characterized the civilization of Lithuania as “primitive” and “rustic”. On the other hand, the Polish uprising of 1863—1864 forced Russian society to take a fresh look at the lands of the former Grand Duchy of Lithuania. During this period, the idea of the history of the Lithuanian-Russian state as common past gained new relevance, and the images of Lithuania turned out to be closely connected with reflections on the ways of the future transformation of the Russian Empire. New approaches to the problems associated with the ethnocultural and religious diversity of the Western Regions and threats to the unity of the Empire were expressed in A. F. Hilferding’s journalistic and scientific work.
Border Territories of the Russian Empire Through the Eyes of Reviewers of the Literary and Critical Periodical “The Quarterly Review” in 1815—1825
Authors: Eremin Vladimir
Published: January 2025

In 1815, after defeating Napoleonic France, the victorious powers took leading positions in Europe. Among them were Russia and Great Britain. The former coalition ally and its actions in international politics have become the focus of attention of the political establishment and the general public in the United Kingdom. The internal and foreign policy of St. Petersburg, as well as the specifics of the position of the various possessions of the empire, were actively discussed in the press. Critical periodicals were popular with the British reading public, among which The Quarterly Review occupied one of the leading positions. Historians and literary scholars have repeatedly turned to the critical articles published in the journal. However, the analytical depth and thematic diversity of the publications of The Quarterly Review allow for the formulation of new questions. London reviewers regularly published reviews of new books, which could contain discussions about the specifics of the structure of the Russian Empire, as well as information about its population. Critical articles also published materials about border territories. Their economic, social and cultural development gave the authors the opportunity to express their views on various problems. The situation of the western lands of the empire became an occasion for discussing the current international political situation. The descriptions of the southern regions reflected the critics' ideas about the East and the limits of European civilization. Reports about the remote northeastern borders demonstrated their genuine interest in current geographical discoveries, and also clearly showed their readers the scale of a colossal empire that stretched across two continents. Discussions about the state of Russia's remote regions prompted the authors to ask questions about the country's future, while simultaneously expressing their position on the the laws of historical development.
The Global South between Moscow and Beijing. From the History of the Second Afro-Asian (Bandung) Conference
Authors: Pivovarov Nikita
Published: January 2025

The article analyzes the relationship between the USSR and China within the framework of the Non-Aligned Movement in the first half of the 1960s on the basis of documents from the Russian State Archive of Modern History. The interest in this problem is due to the fact that the issue of the Second Bandung Conference was considered against the background of the political confrontation between the two socialist countries. At the same time, Moscow and Beijing perceived their role differently not only in the Non-Aligned Movement, but also in general in relations with the countries of the Global South. The article consistently analyzes the attitude of the Soviet leadership towards the Non-Aligned Movement since 1955, i.e. since the First Bandung Conference. The publication reveals how Moscow's perception of such a political association of the countries of the Global South has changed. The case around which the problematic field of the article was built was the question of holding the Second Afro-Asian, or Bandung Conference, as well as the participation of the Soviet Union in this event as a full participant. China was categorically opposed to the participation of the USSR, using both ideological and bureaucratic justifications for this, while the Soviet Union justified its participation with references to the common struggle against colonialism. The author believes that the conflict between the USSR and the PRC on the organization of the conference had an impact on the Non-Aligned movement as a whole. The participants of this movement did not create a single global institution, refused to centralize any efforts.
Reporterzy-podcasterzy, czyli kilka uwag o poszerzaniu reporterskiego pola
Authors: Żyrek-Horodyska Edyta
Published: January 2025

Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie różnych form zaangażowania współczesnych polskich reporterów w tworzenie podcastów. Przyjęto założenie, iż fakt ów może być postrzegany jako podejmowana przez dziennikarzy próba poszerzenia reporterskiego pola. Zjawisko to może być ponadto uznawane za sposób na nawiązanie relacji ze społecznością odbiorców. W artykule zastosowano metodę wielokrotnego studium przypadku. Analizom poddano reporterskie podcasty takich autorów, jak Magdalena Grzebałkowska i Ewa Winnicka, Justyna Kopińska, Filip Springer, Przemysław Semczuk oraz Wojciech Jagielski i Krzysztof Story. Przeprowadzone badania wykazały, iż rozszerzanie zakresu działania przyjmuje w przypadku reporterów zasadniczo dwa wymiary: odnosi się bądź do tworzenia przekazów interferujących z wcześniejszymi publikacjami danego twórcy, bądź do działań eksperymentalnych, zupełnie z nimi niezwiązanych.
Inteligencja emocjonalna młodych kobiet o wyższym i niższym poziomie dojrzałości psychicznej do małżeństwa
Authors: Dakowicz Andrzej
Published: January 2025

Celem pracy była próba określenia, czy dojrzałość psychiczna do małżeństwa młodych kobiet, definiowana jako akceptacja siebie, wewnętrzna integracja oraz podejście do małżeństwa i życia rodzinnego ma związek z inteligencją emocjonalną. Uzyskane wyniki wykazały, że młode kobiety o wyższym poziomie dojrzałości psychicznej do małżeństwa charakteryzują się znacznie inteligencją emocjonalną niż kobiety o niższym poziomie dojrzałości psychicznej do małżeństwa. Przejawia się to między innymi w zdolnościach warunkujących wykorzystywanie przeżywanych emocji przy rozwiązywaniu napotykanych w życiu problemów.
Investment Activity of the Economic Agents as Economic Definition
Authors:   Saratov State University, Trubitsin A. R.
Published: January 2025

The article considered different aspects, ideas, investment activities and brought out general definition of that idea. In terms of statistical evidence analyses investment activity and its association with investments in fixed assets.
Ability of Bank Sphere of Russia to form System Properties (Theoretical Aspect)
Authors:   Saratov State University, Gusev V. I.
Published: January 2025

In clause theoretical questions of formation of system properties of bank sphere of Russia of the beginning of ХХI centuries are considered, and abilities of banks and other credit establishments to keep the saved up elements of the mechanism of interaction among themselves and with real economy. The author makes an attempt to deduce the basic, base system properties of bank sphere of Russia and importance of their development in the long term and, in particular, during modern world financial and economic crisis.
Henry R. Luce’s Political and Law Views
Authors:   Saratov State University, Bontsevitch N. N.
Published: January 2025

In the present paper the author explores Henry Robinson Luce’s views on law and politics. Henry Robinson Luce is the prominent figure in the middle century American media industry, whose influence on the process of public opinion making was great. As the basic source for the paper writing were used H.R.Luce’s public speeches and publicist papers.
Addressing Climate Change in India: Public Policies, Challenges, and Opportunities"
Authors: Godara Ajay Kumar
Published: January 2025

Climate change is a pressing global challenge, and India, as a developing nation with a significant population, faces unique challenges and opportunities in addressing it. This paper explores the public policies implemented by the Indian government to combat climate change, focusing on strategies for mitigation and adaptation. The study examines key policies, such as the National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC), state-level initiatives, and India's commitments under international frameworks like the Paris Agreement. Additionally, it highlights the role of renewable energy, afforestation, and sustainable development practices in India's climate strategy. The paper concludes with an evaluation of policy effectiveness, identifying gaps and recommending measures to strengthen India's response to climate change.
Medirlo todo para que todo siga igual. El alcance de los esquemas de medición del desempeño de los Gobiernos locales en América Latina
Authors: Agudelo Luis Fernando , Pinzón-Villa Mariana , Gil Franco Daniela
Published: January 2025

Este artículo busca comprender el alcance de los esquemas de medición del desempeño de los Gobiernos locales en América Latina surgidos en la década de 1990, que pretenden convertirse en sistemas de medición del desempeño. El artículo hace especial énfasis en los esquemas de medición del desempeño que sirven para regular las relaciones intergubernamentales en la región. Entender el alcance de los esquemas significa revelar la base conceptual que orientó su diseño e implementación, sus tipologías y la atención que prestan a la medición de las capacidades estatales (administrativas, extractivas y coercitivas). El impulso que le dio el New Public Management a los esquemas de medición del desempeño desapareció con las reformas de los Gobiernos progresistas; sin embargo, los esquemas se mantuvieron en su dimensión de medición con el fin de comparar y distinguir los resultados de los Gobiernos de forma más o menos objetiva. El trabajo pendiente está en medir para acompañar y lograr la mejora efectiva de la gestión local.
The Concept and Essence, Analysis and Standards of Good and Best Practices
Authors: Golik-Górecka Grażyna
Published: January 2025

This paper captures theoretical considerations regarding the essence, concept, definition, and analysis and measurement of best practices in marketing. These can provide a basis for determining the selection of both good and best practices in the business space. In addition, the issue of best practices and good practice standards, according to the canon and development of the Warsaw Stock Exchange, is presented.
Escuelas Normales Superiores. Investigación y docencia
Authors: Cárdenas-Soler Ruth Nayibe , Morales-Mora Lola María , Aponte Hernández Ángela Patricia , Torres Rico Nancy Cecilia , Hurtado Rojas Brayan Felipe , Salas Useche Miguel Francisco , López Aguilar Dioné , Corrales Mejía María Cristina , Forero Soler Fanny , Camargo Palencia Martín Emilio , Agudelo Cely Nubia Cecilia
Published: January 2025

La investigación en educación se constituye en una posibilidad para dinamizar los mecanismos e interacciones de aula, desde la enseñanza hasta el aprendizaje. Tanto en el proceso formativo, como en el ejercicio profesional del maestro, la investigación busca fortalecer y enriquecer el quehacer docente. En este sentido, esta obra pretende poner en evidencia los ejercicios y prácticas investigativas relacionadas con las Escuelas Normales Superiores, como una oportunidad para visibilizar el trabajo de construcción de saber que hacen los maestros formadores de maestros. Los lectores encontrarán siete capítulos, que se refieren a las interacciones entre iguales, la práctica pedagógica, las estrategias de trabajo educativo en la ruralidad, la enseñanza del inglés, el impacto de la Pandemia por Covid-19 y la política educativa. A través de la escritura, los docentes-investigadores desean que se conozca su labor, que se establezcan redes de colaboración y construcción de conocimiento, y motivar a otros maestros a que compartan el saber que han consolidado.
THE INFLUENCE OF TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY ON TEACHER PERFORMANCE WITH WORK MOTIVATION AS A MEDIATOR AT XYZ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL IN KUPANG CITY [PENGARUH KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL DAN SPIRITUALITAS KERJA TERHADAP KINERJA GURU DENGAN MOTIVASI KERJA SEBAGAI MEDIATOR DI SEKOLAH DASAR DI KOTA KUPANG]
Authors: Pian Rutsri Marlinda , Tung Khoe Yao
Published: January 2025

This research is a quantitative study aimed at examining the influence of transformational leadership and workplace spirituality on teacher performance with work motivation as a mediator at XYZ Elementary School in Kupang City. This study involved 35 teachers working at the school, with data collected through an online questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability. Data analysis was conducted using the statistical method Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), including path analysis and mediation effect testing. The results of the study indicate that 1) there is no positive and significant influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance, 2) there is no positive and significant influence of transformational leadership on work motivation, 3) there is a positive and significant influence of workplace spirituality on teacher performance, 4) there is a positive and significant influence of workplace spirituality on work motivation, 5) there is a positive and significant influence of work motivation on teacher performance, 6) there is no positive and significant influence of transformational leadership on teacher performance mediated by work motivation, and 7) there is no positive and significant influence of workplace spirituality on teacher performance mediated by work motivation.
Abstrak bahasa Indonesia
Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh kepemimpinan transformasional dan workplace spirituality terhadap kinerja guru dengan motivasi kerja sebagai mediator di SD XYZ Kota Kupang. Penelitian ini melibatkan 35 guru yang bekerja di sekolah tersebut, dengan data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner yang dibagikan secara online dan telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan metode statistik Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), yaitu analisis jalur dan uji efek mediasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 1) tidak terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja guru, 2) tidak terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap motivasi kerja, 3) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan workplace spirituality terhadap kinerja guru, 4) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan workplace spirituality terhadap motivasi kerja, 5) terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan motivasi kerja terhadap kinerja guru, 6) tidak terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan kepemimpinan transformasional terhadap kinerja guru yang dimediasi oleh motivasi kerja, dan 7) tidak terdapat pengaruh positif dan signifikan workplace spirituality terhadap kinerja guru yang dimediasi oleh motivasi kerja.
INVESTIGATING LOW ATTENTION SPAN IN KINDERGARTEN 3: A CASE STUDY AT SCHOOL XYZ [PENYELIDIKAN RENDAHNYA RENTANG PERHATIAN DI TAMAN KANAK-KANAK 3: SEBUAH STUDI KASUS DI SEKOLAH XYZ]
Authors: Manalu Tania Theresia , Winardi Yonathan
Published: January 2025

The attention span of early childhood children is a critical factor in forming their developmental foundation, encompassing physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth. Informal interviews with classroom teachers reveal that students struggle to maintain attention during instruction, often displaying behaviors such as restlessness and lack of focus immediately after the lesson begins. This thesis aims to investigate the impact of internal and external factors on the attention span among Kindergarten 3 students at Sekolah XYZ, focusing on regular classroom settings and specialized classes (music and art). This research employs a case study method by combining observations, interviews, and documentation to provide a comprehensive understanding of the issue. The findings of this research include a limited direct exploration within the classroom and the type of curriculum currently used, which are reasons for the low attention span of Kindergarten 3 students. This study highlights the novelty of tactile learning approaches to enhance attention span. To expand these findings, future research is expected to consider comparative studies across Yayasan XYZ network, investigating the impact of direct exploration and different educational approaches on the attention and learning outcomes of students in specialist classes.
Abstrak bahasa Indonesia
Rentang perhatian anak usia dini adalah faktor kritis dalam pembentukan dasar perkembangan mereka, mencakup pertumbuhan fisik, kognitif, sosial, dan emosional. Wawancara informal dengan guru-guru kelas mengungkapkan bahwa murid kesulitan untuk mempertahankan perhatian selama instruksi, sering menunjukkan perilaku seperti gelisah dan ketidakfokusan segera setelah pembelajaran dimulai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyelidiki dampak dari faktor internal dan eksternal terhadap rentang perhatian di kalangan murid Kindergaten 3 di Sekolah XYZ, berfokus pada setting kelas reguler dan khusus (musik dan seni). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus dengan menggabungkan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi untuk memberikan pemahaman komprehensif tentang isu tersebut. Hasil dari penelitian ini ialah eksplorasi langsung yang terbatas dalam kelas, juga jenis kurikulum yang digunakan saat ini yang menjadi alasan rendahnya rentang perhatian siswa TK 3. Penelitian ini menyoroti kebaruan dari pendekatan pembelajaran taktil untuk meningkatkan rentang perhatian. Untuk memperluas temuan ini, penelitian masa depan diharapkan mempertimbangkan studi perbandingan di seluruh jaringan Yayasan XYZ, menyelidiki dampak eksplorasi langsung dan pendekatan pendidikan yang berbeda terhadap perhatian dan hasil belajar murid di kelas-kelas khusus.
Synergized Data Efficiency and Compression (SEC) Optimization for Large Language Models
Authors: Li Xinjin , Ma Yu , Huang Yangchen , Wang Xingqi , Lin Yuzhen , Zhang Chenxi
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have propelled natural language processing but pose significant challenges related to extensive data requirements, high computational demands and more training times. While current approaches have demonstrated powerful capabilities, they often fall short of achieving an optimal balance between model size reduction and performance preservation, limiting their practicality in resource-constrained settings. We propose Synergized Efficiency and Compression (SEC) for Large Language Models, a novel framework that integrates data utilization and model compression techniques to enhance the efficiency and scalability of LLMs without compromising performance. Inside our framework, Synergy Controller could balance data optimization and model compression automatically during the training. The SEC could reduce data requirements by 30%, compress model size by 67.6%, and improve inference speed by 50%, with minimal performance degradation. Our results demonstrate that SEC enables high-performing LLM deployment with reduced resource demands, offering a path forward toward more sustainable and energy-efficient AI models in diverse applications.
Evaluation of contractile activity in the lower uterine segment during metroplasty in repeat cesarean section
Authors:   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Tarasova K.V. , Musin I.I. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Yashchuk A.G. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Nasyrova S.F. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Gareyev E.M. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation, Biryukov A.A. ,   Bashkir State Medical University, Ufa, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

Objective. To evaluate the contractile activity in the lower uterine segment depending on the performance of metroplasty in abdominal delivery in women with a history of two previous cesarean sections (CS).
Patients and methods. The study included 100 pregnant women who were divided into two groups: the study group (n = 50) – pregnant women with a history of two previous CS who underwent metroplasty during delivery; the control group (n = 50) – pregnant women with a history of two previous CS who underwent surgical delivery without excision of scar tissue in the lower segment.
Results. According to ultrasound findings 2 hours after CS, the uterine cavity was significantly enlarged in the scar area (Me = 10 mm, Q1 = 0 mm, Q3 = 12 mm), and the volume of bloody discharge was significantly greater (Me = 210 mL, Q1 = 100 mL, Q3 = 225 mL) in the control group compared to the study group, where the width of the uterine cavity was 5 times narrower (Me = 2 mm, Q1 = 0 mm, Q3 = 3 mm) and the volume of postpartum bleeding was 4 times less (Me = 56 mL, Q1 = 40 mL, Q3 = 60 mL). On postoperative day 3, the differences in uterine cavity width between groups increased (Z = 8.5, p < 0.0001).
Conclusion. CS in patients with two or more uterine scars should be performed in a planned manner with mandatory metroplasty. Scar excision during CS allows to restore normal contractile activity in the lower uterine segment, which is a prevention of bleeding in the early postoperative period.
Key words: cesarean section, cesarean scar defect, uterine scar, metroplasty
Effect of estetrol and drospirenone combination on menstrual function and clinical course of mastitis
Authors:   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Kononenko T.S. , Karakhalis L.Yu. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation,   Regional Center for Family Health and Reproduction, Krasnodar, Russian Federation,   Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Penzhoyan G.A. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation,   Regional Clinical Hospital No 2, Krasnodar, Russian Federation, Efremenko J.S. ,   Kuban State Medical University, Krasnodar, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

New-generation hormonal contraceptives have demonstrated not only high efficacy but also a favorable tolerability profile. A new combined oral contraceptive (COC) containing estetrol 15 mg/drospirenone 3 mg has been registered in the Russian Federation. Estetrol is a third-generation native fetal estrogen produced by fetal liver cells during pregnancy. Estetrol differs from other estrogens in its highly selective action on various tissues as well as its anti-proliferative properties.
Objective. To study the effect of COC containing estetrol 15 mg/drospirenone 3 mg on dysmenorrhea, menstrual bleeding pattern, and breast condition.
Patients and methods. The study included 40 women with a history of mastopathy who were taking COC containing estetrol 15 mg/drospirenone 3 mg. Special attention was paid to breast examination and patient questionnaire before medication intake and after 3 and 6 months of COC use.
Results. Breast examination revealed a predominant cystic component (in 52.5% of patients). No worsening of the clinical course of mastopathy was detected during the period of medication intake, all reports corresponded to BI-RADS II. After 3 months, mastalgia symptoms decreased in 89.3% of patients, and by the 6th month, they were not observed in all patients. The frequency of dysmenorrhea decreased by 77.5%, and no heavy menstrual bleeding was reported. High satisfaction and absence of serious adverse events with COC use allowed prolongation of the medication intake in most cases (95.0%).
Conclusion. COC containing estetrol 15 mg/drospirenone 3 mg provides a favorable safety profile, predictable withdrawal bleeding pattern, and no adverse effect on the clinical course of mastitis. It was proved that the chosen hormonal contraception helps to relieve the symptoms of mastalgia.
Key words: estetrol, drospirenone, dysmenorrhea, mastalgia
New surgical technique for the correction of combined form of pelvic organ prolapse
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ishchenko A.I. ,   Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Komarova A.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ishchenko A.A. ,   Treatment and Rehabilitation Center, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kazantsev A.A. ,   Central Clinical Hospital of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation, Khokhlova I.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Dzhibladze T.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Gorbenko O.Yu. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Budnikova K.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Moskvicheva A.P. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Pyatkina A.N. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Chushkov Yu.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Balyasin M.V. ,   Patrice Lumumba Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (RUDN), Moscow, Russian Federation, Avetisyan E.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: January 2025

This article presents a new surgical technique for the correction of combined form of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) characterized by anterior vaginal wall prolapse (bladder prolapse or cystocele), urethral hypermobility, and stress urinary incontinence in women aged 59–75 years using personalized titanium implants with the original, mesh-ligature-“anchor” transobturator-sacrospinous-prepubic method of fixation. To date, 11 surgeries have been performed using this technique.
Conclusion. The developed surgical technique for the correction of combined form of POP improves safety and optimizes the results of surgical treatment, minimizes intraoperative and mesh-related complications, and reduces disease recurrence.
Key words: titanium implants, anterior vaginal wall prolapse, combined forms of pelvic organ prolapse, transobturator-sacrospinous-prepubic method of implant fixation