bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The price of the lockdown: The effects of social distancing on the Indian economy and business during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Baber Hasnan , Tripati Rao
Published: April 2021

The decision on immediate lockdown in India put economic, social and religious activities to a grinding halt. The paper examines the impact of the lockdown and social distancing policies on economic activities in India, using a multivariate econometric model for the data collected in the period from 1st January to 31st August 2020. While the social distancing policy is captured in terms of internal movement, domestic travel and international travel restrictions, its effect on the economic activity and the business activity is captured through stock prices, purchasing managers' index and the exchange rate. Confirmed COVID-19 cases and related deaths are also used as the independent variables. The results reveal a significant negative impact of social distancing policies on the economic activity and the business activity, the stock market and the exchange rate. Furthermore, the economic stimulus provided by the Government could not bring a positive influence on the stock market.
Python inspired artificial neural networks modeling in drilling of glass-hemp-flax fiber composites
Authors: Vimal Sam , Ramachandran Achyuth , Selvam Anirudh , Subramanian Karthick
Published: April 2021

As composites are materials whose properties can essentially be customized to suit the necessities of the engineering application on hand, they are being widely used in many applications for radically different purposes. In order to ensure quality in production process of composite products, a solid understanding of the process involved during its manufacturing is essential to ensure the product is free from both internal and external defects. To that aim, a study was conducted to model Thrust force and Torque on drilling of Glass-Hemp-Flax reinforced polymer composite by fabricating and maching the composite as per Taguchi's L 27 Orthogonal Array. The process parameters considered for modeling are drill diameter, spindle speed and feed rate. Using the process control parameters as inputs and thrust force and torque to be predicted as outputs, artificial neural networks (ANNs) were created to model the effects of the inputs and their interactions. The predictions obtained from the neural networks were compared with the values obtained from experimentation. Excellent agreement was found between the two sets of values, establishing grounds for more extensive use of neural networks in modelling of machining parameters.
MHD braking and Joules heating effect in a rotating confined cylindrical cavity packed with liquid metal
Authors: Dash Subas
Published: April 2021

The present research work investigates the MHD braking and Joules heating effect in a confined rotating cylindrical cavity packed with liquid metal. All walls, except the top and bottom portion of the sidewall, of the cylindrical cavity, are made of electrically as well as thermally conducting material. The cavity is exposed to both axial magnetic fields along with the axial temperature gradient, packed with the incompressible electrically conducting liquid. The MHD braking effect is experienced within the rotating liquid metal flow due to the presence of a strong axial magnetic field. It is discerned that MHD braking governs the primary, as well as secondary flow, and, reduces Joules heating effect. Moreover, the internal heat generation due to Joules heating is governed by rotating speed, Hartmann strength, and temperature gradient.
Comparison of surface characteristics and micro hardness of AISI D2 tool steel and LM13 aluminum alloy machined under dry EDM (green machining) process
Authors: Pragadish N. , Pradeep Kumar
Published: April 2021

In this experimental work, the micro structure and the micro hardness of the surfaces machined under the dry EDM process is analyzed for AISI D2 tool steel and LM13 aluminum alloy. The experiments were conducted using copper tool electrode. Few modifications were made in the tool for conducting the experiments under dry EDM process. Discharge current, pulse on time, voltage, pressure, tool rotational speed and the duty factor were used as the various process parameters and their influence over the micro structure and micro hardness of the machined surfaces were analyzed. Better results were observed in the dry EDM process for AISI D2 tool steel, whereas dry EDM process did not reveal appreciable results for LM13 aluminum alloy.
Experimental investigations on mechanical properties of friction stir welded AA2024-T3 joints
Authors: Leon Stephen , Bharathiraja G. , Jayakumar V.
Published: April 2021

Friction stir welding is a promising solid state metal joining technique. It can be used to join AA2024-T3 metal plates which cannot be welded using normal fusion welding. Post weld joint efficiency depends completely on the proper selection of process variables as the required heat input for this process is not supplied by an external source but an internal function of the variables. Apart from the process variables tool pin shape also plays a vital role on the delivery of better weld strength. A comparative experimental analysis was done to understand the improvement in the post weld properties on the usage of non-cylindrical tool pin. In order to optimise major process variable for cylindrical as well as non-cylindrical tool pin geometries thermal study had been carried out and optimum heat input conditions were analysed for AA2024-T3 plates. Comparative analyses on friction stir weld joints were made qualitatively and quantitatively to understand the improvement on the introduction of noncylindrical flat faced pin in the tool.
The effects of state funded support on the survival of start-up companies in Serbia
Authors: Vujanić Ivana , Dabetić Đorđe , Erić Ivana , Đokić Maja
Published: April 2021

This paper examines the existence of a cause-and-effect relationship between state funding and the lifespan of startup companies in Serbia. The literature is dominated by two opposing views. According to first, there is a positive impact of state financial support on the growth and the survival rate of companies. On the other hand, the prevailing notion is that state financial support for startups, especially in countries in transition, is less efficient than other state measures. The goal of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of state financial support for newly formed companies in Serbia, given the contradictory results presented. The starting assumption is that the financial resources that the state allocates through subsidies and dedicated loans for start-up companies in Serbia has a positive effect on the duration of their lifespan. The survey covered 100 companies that had been founded in the period of 5 to 6 years. The data obtained was statistically analyzed using appropriate non-parametric methods. Results show the presence of a positive impact of state funded support on the lifespan of start-up companies in Serbia. The results obtained can help further define state policies for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Systematic Series of the IACC yacht "Il Moro di Venezia": Heel and Yaw analysis
Authors: Peri D. , Di Ci´o F. , Roccaldo M.
Published: April 2021

"Il Moro di Venezia" was the challenger for the XXVIII edition of the America’s Cup in San Diego, 1992, and it has become the first non-English European challenger in the history of the cup. Due to the change in class rules at that time, a great effort was spent in the research of the more favorable design in terms of displacement and sail area: to this aim, a large experimental campaign has been produced. The end of the confidentiality agreement for the experimental data produced in that time allows now a deep analysis into the different designs still available at INSEAN. The large size of the models (with scale ratio of 1:3) makes this data set nearly unique in the filed.

A first approach to this analysis has been produced in [1]: here the results for the unappended tests have been presented. This first data analysis has been revised in [3], and the fully appended configurations, still in upright condition, have been included. Two different strategies for the development of a correlation for the data have been also presented. In this paper, the heeled and yawed experiments will be analyzed. A revision of the standard methodologies for the consideration of the heel and yaw angles will be performed. Than, a statistical analysis of the influencing quantities will be applied, identifying a suitable set of design parameters, and their effect on the performances of a sailing yacht.
Argentina 2020: vicisitudes y dilemas de la educación pública en contextos de pandemia
Authors: Morales Susana
Published: April 2021

La pandemia Covid-19 y las consecuentes políticas de aislamiento social empujaron a la educación a una virtualización forzosa. Las y los docentes tuvieron que aprender e imaginar formas de utilizar las tecnologías digitales para poder continuar con los procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje por fuera de la presencialidad. Esto adquirió una complejidad especial en Argentina y Latinoamérica, en un contexto de precarización tanto de la labor docente como de las condiciones de disponibilidad y acceso a las tecnologías digitales y a Internet, indispensable para continuar con la tarea educativa en el contexto actual. Este artículo realiza un repaso por la legislación y las políticas públicas argentinas de la última década, que nos ayudan a comprender los desafíos y dificultades con los que escuelas, alumnado y docentes se vieron enfrentados para continuar con la tarea educativa. Luego, realizamos un análisis de experiencias, percepciones y sentires de docentes que se encontraron ejerciendo la educación virtual / a distancia durante el 2020, recabadas a partir de “Conversaciones en Red I y II”, ciclos de debate en línea organizados por la cátedra de Organizaciones Sociales y Educación (Facultad de Ciencias de la Comunicación -UNC) y el Grupo de Trabajo de CLACSO Apropiación de Tecnologías Digitales e Interseccionalidades durante junio, julio y agosto del 2020.
Palabras clave: Tecnologías digitales. Educación. Brecha digital. Políticas educativas.
Tendências temáticas da pesquisa em Educação Hospitalar no Brasil: desafios e contribuições
Authors: Pereira Roger Trindade , Rolim Carmem Lucia Artioli
Published: April 2021

O objetivo deste artigo é identificar e analisar as principais tendências temáticas da pesquisa em Educação Hospitalar no Brasil. A metodologia é de natureza exploratória e descritiva, por meio de abordagem qualitativa do tipo bibliográfica, e baseou-se no catálogo de teses e dissertações produzidas em programas brasileiros de pós-graduação no campo da Educação Hospitalar no período de 2008 a 2017. Os resultados evidenciaram que estão sendo priorizadas as investigações relacionadas às temáticas do Desenvolvimento Humano, Educação e Humanização em Hospitais; Práticas Pedagógicas e Organização Didático-Curricular; e Formação de Professores. Verifica-se a presença de temáticas emergentes, como as Tecnologias Digitais da Informação e Comunicação e a Relação Educação e Saúde na Hospitalização. No entrecruzar dos dados, ressalta-se a necessidade de adesão a temáticas menos enfatizadas, como as Políticas Públicas na Educação Hospitalar; o Atendimento Pedagógico Domiciliar; e a Organização Pedagógica e Administrativa.
 Palavras-chave: Pacientes hospitalizados – Educação.  Pesquisa educacional. Educação e saúde.
The Roles of Spiritual Well-being and Tolerance of Uncertainty in Prediction of Happiness in Elderly
Authors: Khodarahimi Siamak , Ghadampour Ezatolah , Karami Amir
Published: April 2021

Antecedentes: De acuerdo con las conceptualizaciones del bienestar espiritual, la intolerancia a la ambigüedad y la felicidad, este estudio se propuso investigar las influencias del bienestar espiritual y la tolerancia a la incertidumbre sobre la felicidad con respecto a los roles moderadores del sexo en los ancianos. Método: Participaron 120 ancianos de la ciudad de Shiraz, provincia de Fars, Irán. Para la recopilación de datos se utilizaron un cuestionario demográfico, el Inventario de Bienestar Espiritual (SWBI), la Escala II de Tolerancia a la Ambigüedad de Tipos de Estímulos Múltiples (MSTAT-II) y el Cuestionario de Felicidad de Oxford (OHI). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron que la espiritualidad, el bienestar y la intolerancia a la incertidumbre explican el 60% de la variación de la felicidad en los ancianos. Pero los resultados rechazaron el papel del sexo en la predicción de la felicidad en el presente estudio. Conclusión: Este estudio demuestra los roles predictivos del bienestar espiritual y la tolerancia a la ambigüedad sobre la felicidad en el campo de la gerontología.

Background: According to spirituality well-being, ambiguity intolerance, and happiness conceptualizations, this study was purposed to investigate the influences of spiritual well-being and uncertainty tolerance on happiness with regards to the moderating roles of sex in the elderly. Method: Participants included 120 elders from Shiraz City, Fars province, Iran. A demographic questionnaire, the Spiritual Well-Being Inventory (SWBI), the Multiple Stimulus Types Ambiguity Tolerance Scale-II (MSTAT–II), and the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire (OHI) were used for data collection. Results: Findings showed that spirituality well-being and uncertainty intolerance explain 60% of happiness variation in the elderly. But results rejected the role of sex on the prediction of happiness in the present study. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the predictive roles of spiritual well-being and ambiguity tolerance on happiness in the field of gerontology.
Personalidad emprendedora, responsabilidad, autocontrol y grit: El lado psicológico del autoempleo
Authors: Postigo Álvaro , Cuesta Marcelino , García-Cueto Eduardo
Published: April 2021

El enfoque psicológico en torno a la actividad emprendedora contribuye a explicar por qué las personas deciden o no emprender. El objetivo del presente estudio es analizar diferentes perfiles de personalidad emprendedora, así como identificar las variables de personalidad que puedan explicar el convertirse en trabajador por cuenta propia. Empleando una muestra de 586 participantes (Medad= 39,31; DTedad= 14,66), se analizaron diferentes perfiles de personalidad emprendedora mediante técnicas de análisis de perfiles latentes. Además, se analizó si había diferencias en otras variables psicológicas en función del perfil de personalidad emprendedora. Finalmente, se estudió, mediante un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, si la responsabilidad, el autocontrol, el grit y la personalidad emprendedora ayudan a explicar que las personas se conviertan en trabajadores por cuenta propia. Los resultados apoyan la existencia de tres perfiles latentes de personalidad emprendedora (baja, media y alta), siendo el perfil alta personalidad emprendedora el que muestra mayores puntuaciones en otras variables psicológicas, así como mayor proporción de trabajadores por cuenta propia. El modelo de ecuaciones estructurales planteado explica un 2,6% de la varianza de la variable ser trabajador autónomo, por lo que las variables de personalidad ayudan a explicar una pequeña parte de la actividad emprendedora.

The psychological approach to entrepreneurial activity helps to explain why people decide or not to undertake. The objective of this study is to analyze different entrepreneurial personality profiles, as well as to identify the personality variables that can explain becoming a self-employer. Using a sample of 586 participants (Mage = 39.31; SDage = 14.66), different entrepreneurial personality profiles were analyzed using latent profile analysis techniques. In addition, it was analyzed whether there were differences in other psychological variables based on the entrepreneurial personality profile. Finally, it was studied, using a structural equation model, if conscientiousness, self-control, grit and entrepreneurial personality help to explain why people become self-employed. The results support the existence of three latent profiles of entrepreneurial personality (low, medium and high), being high entrepreneurial personality the one profile that shows higher scores in other psychological variables, as well as a higher proportion of self-employers. The proposed structural equation model explains 2.6% of the variance of the variable being self-employed, so the personality variables help to explain a small part of entrepreneurial activity.
SHORT-TERM EFFECTS OF THE CLOSURE OF COAL-FIRED POWER PLANTS ON THE SPANISH ELECTRICITY MARKET
Authors: BALLESTEROS GALLARDO JUAN ANTONIO , NUÑEZ FERNANDO
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT:
This article analyses the effect of the closure of the Spanish coal-fired power stations on the price and quantity of energy sold in the daily electricity market. The comparative statics analysis is based on the hourly data of energy offer and demand bids published by the OMIE (Operator of the Iberian Energy Market) and made by the participants in the daily electricity market during the year 2018. Our analysis does not require any simulation of the market supply and demand curves, since they are obtained by aggregation using real data from the wholesale market. The main conclusion of our analysis is that, after the closure of the coal-fired stations, the hourly price of energy would increase 12,06% on average while the average amount of energy would decrease 2,57%.

Keywords: Price of electricity; coal plants; ecological transition; supply and demand surpluses; renewable energy.
Erfaringer fra og synspunkter på bibliotekshistorisk forskning
Authors: Nielsen Helge
Published: April 2021

Som teologerne har bibliotekarerne deres hellige skrifter og deres kirkefædre. De amerikanske public librarians har Report of the Tru-stees of the Public Library of the City of Boston fra 1852 med George Ticknor som hovedophavsmand. De danske folkebibliotekarer har H. O. Langes foredrag i Århus 1909 om Bibliotekssagen udenfor Kø-benhavn, og til bedste for alle bibliotekarer skrev han i Haandbog i Bibliotekskundskab (1912, 1916, 1927) Bibliotekaren, hans Kald og hans Opgaver, der opridser de felter, en bibliotekar må være fortrolig med. Dette rids er baggrund for hans definition af bibliotekshistorie som indledning til bibliotekshistorien i samme håndbog.
Universitetsbiblioteket i Göttingen, oplysningstidens mønsterbibliotek
Authors: Schackt Sigrid
Published: April 2021

Universitetsinstitutionens grundlæggelse Grundlæggeren af Göttingens Universitet, kong Georg 2. af England, var født kurfyrste af Hannover. Den engelske trone arvede han efter sin far, der som den første hannoveraner blev britisk regent. Personalunionen mellem Hannover og Storbritannien varede fra 1714-1837. Da Georg 2. i 1733 udstedte en forordning om oprettelse af et universitet i sit tyske kurfyrstendømme, lagde han grunden til et videnskabeligt samfund, hvis virksomhed skulle få en betydning, der rakte langt ud over stedet og øjeblikket
Det Classenske Bibliotek
Authors: Schlichtkrull Torsten
Published: April 2021

I sit femte brev fra en bogelsker skriver Carl Elberling (udgaven 1909, s. 106f) om Det Classenske Bibliotek: Den berømte Geolog Leopold v. Buch, der i Sommeren 1806 besøgte Kjøbenhavn, udtaler sig med den største Beundring om denne Bogsamling, som enhver Udlænding maa misunde Kjøbenhavn; thi derved at den indskrænker sig til Naturhistorie, Handel og Reiser, kan der ydes noget fuldstændigt. Man finder herikke alene de største botaniske Pragtværker og de kostbareste Reisebeskrivelser, men ogsaa de mindste tydske og udenlandske Flyveskrifter, som behandle disse Fag, i en Fuldstændighed som maaskee ellers ingensteds. Hvilket bibliotek vil ikke tage en sådan beskrivelse til sig med kyshånd? Denne artikel handler om dette bibliotek og især bogsamlingens skæbne.
1909 - et vigtigt år i dansk bibliotekshistorie
Authors: Dahlkild Nan
Published: April 2021

Årets store spektakulære begivenhed i Danmark i 1909 var afholdelsen af Landsudstillingen i Århus, der varede fra den 18. maj til den 3. oktober og blev besøgt af 667.000 mennesker. Den lå i forlængelse af tidligere store danske udstillinger som Den Nordiske Industri-, Landbrugs- og Kunstudstilling i København 1888, Landmandsforsamlingen i Odense i år 1900 og Udstillingen i Haslev i 1906. Landsudstillingen afspejlede tidens modsætninger mellem det nye og det gamle, mellem by og land og mellem store industrivirksomheder, små firmaer og andelsbevægelse. Den repræsenterede fascinationen af industrialisering, storbyer og det moderne liv, men havde også et kraftigt islæt af håndværk og landbrug. En særlig afdeling var en mønsterby som forbillede for stationsbyernes kommende udbygning med et mønsterbibliotek og -forsamlingshus, der blev ramme om det første samlede danske biblioteksmøde, som var en blandt udstillingens mange forskellige aktiviteter. Landsudstillingen og året 1909 kom derfor også til at fa stor betydning for Dansk bibliotekshistorie.
Gældsforhandlinger i kreditsamfundet: En antropologisk analyse af gældshåndtering i Danmark
Authors: Hohnen Pernille
Published: April 2021

Kredit og gæld er klassiske temaer indenfor antropologien, og antropologer beskæftiger sig i stigende grad med kulturelle og moralske forståelser af gæld og kredit i den finansialiserede økonomi. I et antropologisk perspektiv ses gæld både som socialt konstrueret og som moralsk og socialt bindende. Det betyder, at selv om gæld opleves som forpligtende, er tildelingen af denne forpligtelse ikke helt så given, som vi ofte tror. I nogle sammenhænge stigmatiseres gæld og gældsramte, i andre sælges gæld som en vare. Nogle former for gæld italesættes ovenikøbet som ”et rådighedsbeløb” og behandles som en indtægt. Artiklen sætter fokus på denne variation i håndtering af gæld i en dansk kontekst med udgangspunkt i feltarbejde blandt unge voksne og frivillige gældsrådgivere. Gennem tre empiriske eksempler vises, hvordan forhandlingen vedrørende gæld varierer, men også hvordan de mest gældsudsatte grupper har det mindste forhandlingsrum.
Demographic And Statistical Modelling Of Grandfatherhood In Russia
Authors: Shubat Oksana , Shubat Mark
Published: April 2021

In recent years, negative demographic trends have been developing in Russia. The most important is a decline in the birth rate. Researchers are actively looking for new determinants of this process, on the basis of which measures of population policy can be developed. One of these determinants may be active grandparenting, which means the active participation of grandparents in the processes of caring for grandchildren. The aim of this study is to create a demographic and statistical model of a typical Russian grandfather, actively involved in childcare. We used the following methods: parametric and nonparametric independent samples tests (t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, median test), regression analysis, indirect method of calculations. As a result, two models were presented – statistical demographic model of the age when Russian men enter grandparenthood and demographic model of a typical Russian grandfather actively involved in childcare. Our study is a preliminary stage for a large-scale survey of grandparenting practices in Russia. The number of older people is growing fast, which makes this socio-economic group increasingly important for addressing the problems of demographic decline in Russia. Therefore, large-scale research of grandparenthood is crucial for more efficient policy-making in this sphere.
Analysis Of Tip Relief Profiles For Involute Spur Gears
Authors: Molnar Jakab , Csoban Attila , Zwierczyk Peter T.
Published: April 2021

The main goal of this research was to study the influence of involute spur gear tip relief on the contact stress at the engagement meshing point (the begining point of the line of contact A). Different predefined involute spur gears and modification parameters (amount and length of modification) were already available from previous studies (Schmidt 2019). In this study, both the drive and the driven gear has tip relief. The modification of the gear profile was achieved through the modification of the gear rack cutter’s profile. This way the profil modification of the gear profiles are generated during the gear generation (gear planning) process. The gears have been nitrided, so after the gear manufacturing process, the heat treatment did not defrom the modified gear profile. The gear modifications were generated in a CAD system, and the calculations were made with FEM. The results show that the tip relief influences the magnitude of the gear contact stress at the first meshig point. With the use of tip relief modification, the contact stress of the meshing gears can be reduced at the beginning of the meshing line.
Using Semantic Technology To Model Persona For Adaptable Agents
Authors: Nguyen Johannes , Farrenkopf Thomas , Guckert Michael , Powers Simon T. , Urquhart Neil
Published: April 2021

In state of the art research a growing interest in the application of agent models for the simulation of road traffic can be observed. Software agents are particularly suitable for the representation of travellers and their goal-oriented behaviour. Although numerous applications based on these types of models are already available, the options for modelling and calibration of the agents as goal-oriented individuals are either simplified to aggregated parameters or associated with overly complex and opaque implementation details. This makes it difficult to reuse available simulation models. In this paper, we demonstrate how the combination of persona models together with semantic methods can be applied to achieve a well-structured agent model that allows for improved reusability.
Modeling And Analyzing Cloud Auto-Scaling Mechanism Using Stochastic Well-Formed Coloured Nets
Authors: Deye Mohamed M. Ould , Thiongane Mamadou , Sene Mbaye
Published: April 2021

Auto-scaling is one of the most important features in Cloud computing. This feature promises cloud computing customers the ability to best adapt the capacity of their systems to the load they are facing while maintaining the Quality of Service (QoS). This adaptation will be done automatically by increasing or decreasing the amount of resources being leveraged against the workload’s resource demands. There are two types and several techniques of auto-scaling proposed in the literature. However, regardless the type or technique of auto-scaling used, over-provisioning or under-provisioning problem is often observed. In this paper, we model the auto-scaling mechanism with the Stochastic Well-formed coloured Nets (SWN). The simulation of the SWN model allows us to find the state of the system (the number of requests to be dispatched, the idle times of the started resources) from which the auto-scaling mechanism must be operated in order to minimize the amount of used resources without violating the service-level agreements (SLA).
L’EXPLOITATION DE RESSOURCES NATURELLES NON RENOUVELABLES EN ASYMÉTRIE D’INFORMATION
Authors: Castonguay François M. , Lasserre Pierre
Published: April 2021

Nous analysons l’exploration et l’extraction d’une ressource naturelle non renouvelable dans un contexte d’asymétrie d’information. Le principal délègue l’exploitation d’une ressource à un agent (une firme) qui possède de l’information privée concernant ses coûts d’exploration; cette firme possédera également de l’information privée concernant ses coûts d’extraction une fois que le stock de réserves sera mis au jour et viendra contraindre l’extraction. Le principal peut seulement s’engager pour la période courante : un menu de contrat subventions-découvertes pour la période d’exploration, un menu de contrat redevances-extraction conditionnel au montant de réserves mis au jour pour la période d’extraction. Comparé avec la situation de premier rang où l’information est symétrique, le contrat optimal en extraction entraîne une hausse des découvertes des réserves mises au jour pour la firme la plus efficace et possiblement d’autres firmes, alors que le contrat optimal en exploration entraîne une réduction du montant mis au jour, particulièrement pour les firmes les moins efficaces en exploration. Nous détaillons les implications de l’asymétrie d’information et les formes que prennent les inefficacités : réserves abandonnées, utilisation excessive de ressources à bas coûts et niveau de sophistication technologique inefficace dans les secteurs d’exploration et d’extraction.
OPTIONS RÉELLES DANS LES PROJETS EN PARTENARIAT PUBLIC-PRIVÉ : UN SURVOL
Authors: Ben Abdallah Skander
Published: April 2021

La gestion des risques dans les projets en partenariat public-privé se base sur des mécanismes de partage de risque entre les partenaires public et privé. Ces mécanismes créent de la flexibilité pour mieux gérer l’incertitude et limiter les réactions opportunistes. Néanmoins, plusieurs projets à travers le monde montrent que si cette flexibilité n’est pas correctement évaluée, elle peut ne pas être suffisamment attractive pour le partenaire privé ou peut constituer un lourd fardeau fiscal pour l’autorité publique et par conséquent un coût additionnel injustifié pour le consommateur final. La théorie des options réelles est bien appropriée pour l’évaluation de la flexibilité malgré une certaine difficulté dans sa mise en oeuvre et la diversité des approches appliquées. Cet article est un survol des plus importants mécanismes de partage du risque et des approches d’options réelles employées pour l’évaluation des projets en partenariat public-privé. On conclut par une analyse critique des mécanismes et des approches de résolution utilisées pour leur évaluation et des suggestions pour de nouvelles orientations de recherche.
LES DÉTERMINANTS DE LA TRANSITION VERS L’EMPLOI STABLE DANS LES SERVICES À LA
PERSONNE
Authors: Diaye Marc-Arthur , Younes Salah Ould
Published: April 2021

Le secteur des services à la personne en France se caractérise principalement par
des emplois à temps partiel (souvent « subi », même lorsqu’ils sont proposés sous un contrat
à durée indéterminée), des contrats temporaires et la multi-activité (plusieurs emplois pour
un même employeur ou plusieurs employeurs d’un même salarié). La situation de ces salariés
n’obéit donc pas à une simple structure duale qui oppose les contrats à durée indéterminée
(CDI) et les contrats à durée limitée. Cela peut-il expliquer pourquoi, alors que le secteur
des services à la personne est pourvoyeur d’un nombre important et grandissant d’emplois, il
peine à recruter ? Cet article a un double objectif : (a) apporter un éclairage sur les
déterminants de la mobilité des salariés des services à la personne vers l’emploi stable ou
vers une situation précaire, lorsqu’ils sont embauchés initialement en contrats temporaires
; (b) analyser leurs transitions sur le marché du travail. Nous estimons un modèle à risques
concurrents sur les données de l’enquête emploi de 2003 à 2011.
ESTIMATION D’UNE RÈGLE DE PARTAGE DE RESSOURCE À PARTIR D’UN MODÈLE COLLECTIF
Authors: Souleymane Boubacar
Published: April 2021

Dans cet article, nous analysons le processus d’allocation intra-ménages de ressource à l’aide d’une variante du modèle collectif de choix de consommation des ménages proposé par Lewbel et Pendakur (2008). Nous présentons une estimation de la règle de partage de ressource familiale dans les ménages à deux décideurs et une estimation des économies d’échelles de la vie en couple réalisées par les conjoints. L’estimation a été menée grâce à la disponibilité des revenus et dépenses individuels des membres du ménage fournis par l’enquête nationale sur les conditions de vie des ménages et l’agriculture de 2014 du Niger. Les résultats empiriques mettent en évidence l’existence d’une inégalité intra-ménage à l’encontre des femmes. Les parts de ressource contrôlées par les femmes sont inférieures aux parts des leurs maris. D’autre part, les gains de la vie en couple réalisés par les femmes sont plus importants que ceux réalisés par les hommes.
DETTE PUBLIQUE INTERNE, DÉVELOPPEMENT FINANCIER ET CROISSANCE ÉCONOMIQUE EN AFRIQUE SUBSAHARIENNE
Authors: Benayed Walid , Gabsi Foued Badr
Published: April 2021

Nous cherchons au niveau de cette étude à vérifier l’hypothèse selon laquelle
la dette publique interne affecte la croissance à travers son impact sur l’activité du système
bancaire des pays Africains. A cet effet, nous estimons un modèle à équations simultanées
en panel dynamique basé sur un échantillon de 20 pays de l’Afrique Subsaharienne
couvrant la période 2000-2010. Le principal résultat dégagé est que la détention des titres
publics a incité les banques à prendre plus de risque et à accroitre leurs crédits au secteur
privé surtout en présence de défaillances institutionnelles. Néanmoins, cet impact bénéfique
de la dette publique interne n’a pas influencé significativement le rythme de l’activité
économique car le système financier africain n’a joué qu’un rôle limité dans la stimulation
de l’investissement privé et de la croissance.
Producing Sacred Space in Secular Kitchens: South Asian Immigrant Women’s Hindu Shrines in American Domestic Architecture
Authors: Sahney Puja
Published: April 2021

This paper demonstrates the processes of spatial production achieved through the setup of a home shrine by newly arrived Hindu immigrant women inside American houses, particularly the kitchens.  By focusing on the home shrine, the paper uses a gendered lens through which to understand vernacular architecture, since women often garner greater control over domestic objects and interiors than they do over construction of buildings. I propose that production of sacred space, achieved through domestic objects like home shrines, is a fluid process. Its location in the house can be more easily changed from one place to another. Compared to the permanent construction of buildings, this compliancy of form may appear less concrete for providing objective architectural analysis. However, I suggest that it is the opposite. The flexibility involved in women’s production process makes room for greater spatial negotiation and demonstrates the diversity of ways concrete domestic architecture is maneuvered to satisfy women’s religious needs over time. Further, the paper demonstrates the wide array of complex decisions that women have to make regarding body movements in the house and worship practices, achieved through material intervention, that speak of domestic architecture in less static and more dynamic ways. By tracing women’s experiences with domestic architecture as new arrivals in the country, and later, as permanent residents, the paper foregrounds women’s strong architectural contributions through the use of domestic objects that enable a gendered and consequently a more inclusive approach to the study of architectural space.
The role of the brain in financial decisions: A viewpoint on neuroeconomics
Authors: Mateu Guillermo , Monzani Lucas , Muñoz Navarro Roger
Published: April 2021

In this article, we explain the important role neuroscience plays in economic and financial environments. Hence, we present neuroeconomics as a way to describe how decision-making processes affect brain activity, focusing especially on the importance of economic and financial decisions. We answer some questions regarding the role of emotions in finance, the psychological factors present in financial markets, and how neuropsychological stimuli affect our economic decisions. We conclude by citing the main research in the area of neuroscience in financial decision-making processes, and highlight further research projects in these areas.
La conjetura de Poincaré: Problema resuelto tras un siglo de nuevas ideas y continuo trabajo
Authors: Lozano Imízcoz María Teresa
Published: April 2021

La conjetura de Poincaré es un problema topológico, establecido en 1904 por el matemático francés Henri Poincaré, que caracteriza de una manera muy sencilla la esfera tridimensional. Se trata de utilizar únicamente el primer invariante de topología algebraica –el grupo fundamental– también definido y estudiado por Poincaré. La conjetura implica que si un espacio no tiene agujeros esenciales es que se trata de la esfera. Este problema fue resuelto entre 2002 y 2003 por Grigori Perelman, directamente y como consecuencia de su demostración de la conjetura de geometrización de Thurston, que culminaba así el camino marcado por Richard Hamilton.
Taxation experiment on self-employed citizens: fundamental provisions and criteria for efficiency assessment
Authors: Chudinovskikh Marina Vyacheslavovna
Published: April 2021

The relevance of this research is defined by the growing share of unreported employment and the need for elaboration of tax mechanisms, which would promote legalization of income that is currently not being taxed. The subject of this research is the taxation experiment on self-employed citizens. The goal lies characterization of the key vectors of taxation experiment on self-employed citizens, as well as development of proposals for assessing its efficiency. The author systematizes the norms the Taxation Code of the Russian Federation, federal and regional tax legislation, taxation statistics data, as well as outlines the changes to the experiment due to COVID -19 pandemic. The article provides an overview of the theoretical views of Russian scholars on the advantages and disadvantages of self-employment tax. it is proven that the current stage of the experiment can be considered successful based on substantial increase in the number of taxpayers and the volume of tax revenue. The scientific novelty consists in the development of approaches towards assessing the efficiency of taxation of self-employed citizens. The author proposes indicators that can be used for assessing efficiency of the experiment until 2028:  volume of tax revenue, number of taxpayers, number of tax disputes, tax arrears, amount of accrued dues, changes in tax revenue for other types of taxes that would replace self-employment tax.
Development of the system of mandatory payments and taxation in the USSR in the early 1970s
Authors: Tedeev Astamur Anatol'evich
Published: April 2021

This article explores the peculiarities of the system of mandatory payments and taxation in the USSR in the early 1970s. The author traces the amendments made to sectoral legislation (land, water, administrative, civil, etc.) and the corresponding improvement of the mechanism of collection of charges in this historical period. Special attention is given to the role of mandatory payments to be paid by rural population, changes in the procedure for collecting tax on sales, as well as clarification of the legal status and competence of inspection authorities. It is noted that the basic taxes paid by rural population in the early 1970s were the agricultural tax, income tax (from citizens who have income from agriculture in cities, workers, summer villages, and rural settlements) and ground rent. Analysis is conducted on the corresponding legislation and practice of its implementation. The conclusion is made that despite a range of decisions made with regards to providing incentives for agricultural tax, the cancellation of charges for the owners of livestock along with the state tax on horses of individual farms, reduced income tax rates and tax on single persons and citizens who have small families, the general the task for significant reduction of tax burden on the population has not been resolved. This was substantiated by fact that the mechanism of income taxation has undergone isolated changes, but its essential construct has not been revised. In the early 1970s, no reforms within the system of mandatory payments and taxation have been conducted in the Soviet Union.
Tax risks for the state: the development of theoretical approaches in the context of relevant problems of the Russian tax policy
Authors: Pugachev Andrei Aleksandrovich
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the tax risks for the state, namely systematization of theoretical approaches towards their essence and consideration of practical examples of their implementation.  Within the framework of theoretical cognition, the author systematized the approaches towards determination of tax risks for the state and their causes. The empirical research is carried out via analyzing the Russian tax policy with regards to identification of the key tax risks for the state. The scientific novelty lies in determination of tax risks for the state in the context of the modern concept of risk theory, systematization of approaches towards studying tax risks for the state, and substantiation of their classification. The analysis of the Russian tax policy reveals that the key tax risks for the state imply shortage in tax revenue into the budgetary system, ambiguity of the text of tax legislation, ineffectiveness of tax incentives, and decrease in competitiveness of the federal/regional tax system. Therefore, tax policy of the Russian Federation should be oriented towards minimization of these tax risks.
The peculiarities of taxation of permanent representations of foreign companies in accordance with the agreements on the avoidance of double taxation in the Russian Federation
Authors: Yakovlev Pavel Igorevich
Published: April 2021

The subject of this research is the taxation of permanent representations of foreign companies, while the object is the permanent representations of foreign companies. The author examines such aspects of the topic as the impact of international agreements on the avoidance of double taxation upon the conduct of activity by the permanent representations in the territory of the Russian Federation, calculation of profits of permanent representations, and potential conflict situations due to the differences in the Russian tax legislation and the concluded tax agreements. The article explores the methods of transferring expenses confirmed by the accounting source documents, from permanent representations to the foreign parent companies in for the purpose of reduction of tax basis as well as presents the relevant arbitrage practice on the topic. The scientific novelty is substantiated by the use of permanent representations by both Russian and foreign companies, relevant problematic of their taxation in the Russian tax jurisdiction, which is the result that tax agreements contain only general norms and principles of calculating the tax basis for permanent representations. As a conclusion, the author makes proposals on specification of tax agreements with regards to toughening the requirements to calculation profits of the permanent representations and its redistribution, proof of expenses that could be unlawfully used or transferred to the foreign parent company to reduce the tax basis of the permanent representations.
ZC3H4 restricts non-coding transcription in human cells
Authors: Estell Chris , Davidson Lee , Steketee Pieter C , Monier Adam , West Steven
Published: April 2021

The human genome encodes thousands of non-coding RNAs. Many of these terminate early and are then rapidly degraded, but how their transcription is restricted is poorly understood. In a screen for protein-coding gene transcriptional termination factors, we identified ZC3H4. Its depletion causes upregulation and extension of hundreds of unstable transcripts, particularly antisense RNAs and those transcribed from so-called super-enhancers. These loci are occupied by ZC3H4, suggesting that it directly functions in their transcription. Consistently, engineered tethering of ZC3H4 to reporter RNA promotes its degradation by the exosome. ZC3H4 is predominantly metazoan –interesting when considering its impact on enhancer RNAs that are less prominent in single-celled organisms. Finally, ZC3H4 loss causes a substantial reduction in cell proliferation, highlighting its overall importance. In summary, we identify ZC3H4 as playing an important role in restricting non-coding transcription in multicellular organisms.
GABAB receptor auxiliary subunits modulate Cav2.3-mediated release from medial habenula terminals
Authors: Bhandari Pradeep , Vandael David , Fernández-Fernández Diego , Fritzius Thorsten , Kleindienst David , Önal Cihan , Montanaro Jacqueline , Gassmann Martin , Jonas Peter , Kulik Akos , Bettler Bernhard , Shigemoto Ryuichi , Koppensteiner Peter
Published: April 2021

The synaptic connection from medial habenula (MHb) to interpeduncular nucleus (IPN) is critical for emotion-related behaviors and uniquely expresses R-type Ca2+ channels (Cav2.3) and auxiliary GABAB receptor (GBR) subunits, the K+-channel tetramerization domain-containing proteins (KCTDs). Activation of GBRs facilitates or inhibits transmitter release from MHb terminals depending on the IPN subnucleus, but the role of KCTDs is unknown. We therefore examined the localization and function of Cav2.3, GBRs, and KCTDs in this pathway in mice. We show in heterologous cells that KCTD8 and KCTD12b directly bind to Cav2.3 and that KCTD8 potentiates Cav2.3 currents in the absence of GBRs. In the rostral IPN, KCTD8, KCTD12b, and Cav2.3 co-localize at the presynaptic active zone. Genetic deletion indicated a bidirectional modulation of Cav2.3-mediated release by these KCTDs with a compensatory increase of KCTD8 in the active zone in KCTD12b-deficient mice. The interaction of Cav2.3 with KCTDs therefore scales synaptic strength independent of GBR activation.
Adaptive model to support business process reengineering
Authors: Ahmed Bayomy Noha , E. Khedr Ayman , Abd-Elmegid Laila A.
Published: April 2021

The one constant in the world is change. The changing dynamics of business environment enforces the organizations to re-design or reengineer their business processes. The main objective of such reengineering processes is to provide services or produce products with the possible lowest cost, shortest time, and best quality. Accordingly, Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) provides a roadmap of how to efficiently achieve the operational goals in terms of enhanced flexibility and productivity, reduced cost, and improved quality of service or product. In this article, we propose an efficient model for BPR. The model specifies where the breakdowns occur in BPR implementation, justifies why such breakdowns occur, and proposes techniques to prevent their occurrence again. The proposed model has been built based on two main sections. The first section focuses on integrating Critical Success Factors (CSFs) and the performance of business processes during the reengineering processes. Additionally, it implements the association rule mining technique to investigate the relationship between CSFs and different business processes. The second section aims to measure the performance of business processes (intended success of BPR) by process time, cycle time, quality and cost before and after reengineering processes. A case study of the Egyptian Tax Authority (ETA) is used to test the efficiency of the proposed model.
Identification of QTL for barley grain size
Authors: Wang Junmei , Wu Xiaojian , Yue Wenhao , Zhao Chenchen , Yang Jianming , Zhou Meixue
Published: April 2021

Background

Barley grain size is one of the key factors determining storage capacity during grain filling. Large, well-filled grains also have a high malt extract potential. Grain size is a complex quantitative trait and can be easily affected by environmental factors thus the identification of genes controlling the trait and the use of molecular markers linked to the genes in breeding program is the most effective way of improving grain size.

Methods

Grain sizes of 188 doubled-haploid (DH) lines derived from the cross of a Japanese malting barley variety (Naso Nijo) and a Chinese feed barley variety (TX9425) were obtained from three different sites in two consecutive years. The average data were used for identifying QTL for grain size.

Results

A total of four significant QTL were identified for grain length (GL) and three for grain width (GW). The two major GL QTL are located at similar positions to the QTL for malt extract on 2H and uzu gene on 3H, respectively. However, the GL QTL on 2H is more likely a different one from the malt extract QTL as most of the candidate genes are located outside the fine mapped QTL region for malt extract. The GL QTL on 3H is closely linked with uzu gene but not due to a pleiotropic effect of uzu. The three QTL for grain width on 1H, 2H and 5H, respectively, were located at same position to those for GL.