bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Real-Time Algorithms for Gesture-Based Control in Robotics and Gaming Systems
Authors: Imran Hafiz Syed , Kai Ming Wong
Published: December 2024

A natural way for humans to connect with computers is through gestures, which have many applications in robotics and gaming. Despite this, problems with latency, precision, and adaptability in handling dynamic movements make real-time implementation difficult. In dynamic settings like gaming or robotic navigation, reactions are sometimes delayed, and current systems frequently have worse accuracy. The computational complexity of identifying diverse hand or body movements, noisy sensor data, and the requirement to adapt across different user behaviours are the root causes of these issues. This research suggests a method, GR-DTWHMM, a real-time system that uses Dynamic Time Warping (DTW) and Hidden Markov Models (HMM) to fix these problems. HMM offers strong sequence-based gesture recognition (GR) by capturing the temporal dynamics of hand movements. To compensate for differences in execution speed or timing, DTW guarantees that gesture sequences are aligned in real-time. A Kalman Filter also improves the quality of the incoming signal by reducing sensor noise. Robotics and gaming use cases, including controlling virtual characters and navigating drones, are used to assess the system. The results demonstrate a 25% decrease in latency and a 30% enhancement in recognition accuracy when contrasted with traditional methods. When HMM and DTW are used together, they improve performance in various contexts by being flexible in identifying complicated movements. This extensible framework raises the bar for sophisticated HCI systems in ever-changing contexts by providing an effective method for real-time gesture control.
Federated And Multi-Modal Learning Algorithms for Healthcare and Cross-Domain Analytics
Authors: BEGUM UMMAL SARIBA
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of healthcare data has come with a surge in demand for privacy-preserving cross-domain analytics, hence the development of Federated Hybrid Multi-Modal Analytics (FH-MMA). This advanced framework safely and efficiently provides deep insights through multi-modal integration using federated learning techniques. FH-MMA incorporates Federative Learning for the training design architecture in a distributed manner, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for feature extraction in images, transformer models for sequential data, and Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to model relational data. Moreover, attention mechanisms are integrated into the framework to allow cross-modal interactions, while the dynamic fusion strategy follows a late-stage feature aggregation approach based on weighted ensemble techniques. Particle Swam Optimization (PSO) fine-tunes the hyperparameters to optimize the model's performance. Experiments conducted on multi-modal healthcare datasets show that the results from FH-MMA increased diagnostic accuracy by 25%, reduced computational overhead by 30%, and showed robust scalability across domains compared to centralized and unimodal baselines. These results determine the potential of FH-MMA to make a transformational impact on personalized healthcare and cross-domain analytics via secure, adaptive, and accurate enhancements of decision-making processes.
Crise ecológica, crise psíquica
Authors: Alves André , Liedke Lucas , Krutzen Henry , Gastal Maria Luiza
Published: December 2024

Realização Bruno Esposito, Gisela Haddad, Ivy Semiguem e Lucas Simões Sessa.
Histeria feminina: a travessia de um deserto
Authors: De Rosal Anna Silvia Rosal
Published: December 2024

Resenha de Maria de Lourdes Turbino Neves, Dor e luto na histeria feminina, São Paulo, Escuta, 2022, 262p.
Tourist Branding of Russian Regions. Far East
Authors:   Ivanovo State University, Mikhail Yu. Timofeev
Published: December 2024

The article is devoted to the analysis of tourist branding of macroregions of Russia. Using the material of open Internet sources, it examines the possibilities and limitations of branding individual historical and geographical macroregions of Russia, with the focus on the Far East. When analyzing branding practices, the systematic approach of A. I. Uyomov and I. V. Dmitrevskaya was used, based on which the concept of territorial branding is implemented within the framework of a variable structure dependent on local resources on a certain local substrate. The structure is the model used by brand managers for selecting elements and building connections between them. As a structural model, we used 9 bases identified by E. P. Marmilova and I. A. Sizova.
In general, the essence of geobranding is quite simple - to make a certain territory recognizable beyond its borders to attract the attention of various target audiences in order to obtain various benefits. However, the discrepancy between the interpretations of the concept of a territorial brand in theory and practice and the different options for its definition required clarification of our approach. Therefore, as a working definition, we used the definition borrowed from I. S. Vazhenina, believing that a geobrand is a system of values associated with the uniqueness of a region that is widely known and causes constant demand from consumers.
In Russia, several large historically established cultural and geographical regions can be distinguished. At the same time, almost everywhere they are divided into several subregions that are self-sufficient from the standpoint of branding.
Since it is impossible to consider all attempts to develop brands for geographic regions of Russia within the framework of one article, we limited ourselves to an analysis of the practices of the Far East.
We concluded that branding of macroterritories is difficult to implement due to the possibility of managing such a brand only from the federal center. Even the creation of the interregional tourism project «Eastern Ring of Russia» took more than ten years. The successful experience of the PressPass agency, which created several modern guidebooks, including “The Far East” and “The Arctic,” was discovered.
Bahaya Penyalahgunaan Narkoba dan Peredarannya di Era Digital
Authors: Shafitri Yolanda , Dharmayanti Aliaputri
Published: December 2024

Penyalahgunaan narkoba masih menjadi masalah yang kerap kali kita dengar dan kita jumpai dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Padahal narkoba memiliki dampak negatif yang sangat nyata. Masalah ini memakan banyak korban dan masih belum bisa teratasi dengan baik. Untuk itu, kami menyusun artikel ini sebagai tujuan untuk menyebarkan informasi kepada pembaca mengenai bahaya penyalahgunaan narkoba dan bagaimana peredarannya di era digital. Artikel ini ditulis dengan menggunakan studi literatur sebagai metode penulisan, dengan meninjau 5 artikel ilmiah dengan rentang tahun 2017-2022. Berdasarkan 5 studi literatur yang sudah diperoleh dan diteliti, ditemukan bahwa penyalahgunaan narkoba sangat berbahaya untuk kesehatan kita, baik fisik maupun mental. Selain itu, di era digital ini peredaran dan penyalahgunaan narkoba semakin marak karena perkembangan teknologi, kemudahan dalam berkomunikasi, serta bertransaksi online. Sehingga, pihak berwajib kesulitan dalam memberantas peredaran dan penyalahgunaan narkoba.Kata Kunci: Bahaya, Peredaran, Penyalahgunaan Narkoba, Era Digital
PERANCANGAN USER INTERFACE (UI) MONITORING TUMBUH KEMBANG ANAK BERBASIS ANDROID DENGAN METODE CATWOE
Authors: Tri Rahayu Tri Rahayu , Bambang Triwahyono  , Anita Muliawati  , Sarika afrizal  , Widya Khafa Nofa
Published: December 2024

Perkembangan teknologi merupakan salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh di bidang komputer dan informasi ,salah satunya membawa pengaruh terhadap komunikasi jarak jauh. kondisi saat ini pastinya sangat dibutuhkan sekali teknologi, dimana semua serba digital sehingga memudahkan orang untuk melakukan aktifitas dan tidak perlu harus datang kesuatu tempat dalam bentuk lokasi tertentu yang membutuhkan jarak dan waktu. Seiring pertumbuhan teknologi tersebut maka banyak juga kebutuhan terkait dengan kemudah dalam segi teknologi salah satunya dibidang kesehatan khususnya pada anak yang sangat rentang terhadap sumber penyakit.  Dari sini kami mengangkat salah satu dari tema kesehatan bagi anak untuk mencegah adanya peningkatan penyakit pada anak. Pada monitoring tumbuh kembang anak terbagi menjadi  dua, yaitu pertumbuhan dan perkembangan. Perlu adanya pantauan dari pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak di samping itu, masih dirasakan kurangnya kesadaran sebagian anggota masyarakat akan perlunya pengembangan kesejahteraan terhadap anak. Kami merancang user interface  Aplikasi Baby Care dengan metode catwoe, suatu inovasi yang beda dan praktis aplikasi ini dapat dikatakan juga sebagai monitoring untuk si bayi atau anak orangtua. Aplikasi ini memberikan informasi tentang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan untuk anak untuk kesejahteraan anak di masa pertumbuhannya.
Ribociclib plus letrozole alters the blood immune profile in older patients with HR+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer
Authors: Lambrechts Yentl , Hatse Sigrid , Kenis Cindy , Decoster Lore , de Azambuja Evandro , Neven Patrick , Quaghebeur Claire , Cornelis Frank , Verhoeven Didier , Barbeaux Annelore , Mebis Jeroen , Van Dievel Julie , Verschaeve Vincent , Duck Lionel , De Cuypere Eveline , Floris Giuseppe , Desmedt Christine , Laenen Annouschka , Pondé Noam , Wildiers Hans
Published: December 2024

Aims: The combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and endocrine therapy (ET) is a standard first-line therapy for hormone receptor positive (HR+)/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (mBC). Preliminary data suggest that CDK4/6 inhibitors can alter the host immune function and stimulate tumor cell-directed immunity. However, clinical data are scarce, and no data exist about the impact of age and frailty on this phenomenon.

Materials and Methods: This biomarker substudy of the RibOB trial evaluated the impact of ribociclib and letrozole on circulating immune cell subsets and protein markers in older (≥ 70 years) patients with HR+/HER2-mBC. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell subtyping and analysis of plasma immune response and checkpoint markers were performed using flow cytometry at baseline and after three months of ribociclib + ET. Frailty status was assessed at baseline using G8 score.

Results: 20 patients (median age: 76 years, range: 70 - 87 years), 8 considered fit (G8 > 14), and 12 frail (G8 ≤ 14), were included. After three months of treatment, the immune subset composition showed significant increases in naïve B-, T-regulatory (Tregs), and CD4+ T-cells, while memory B-cells and Tregs were significantly decreased. In addition, consistent upregulation was seen in costimulatory receptors CD27 and CD28. Plasma immune checkpoint markers B7.2 (CD86) and PD-1 were significantly decreased. The immune subset profiles of fit versus frail persons showed no statistically significant difference.

Conclusions: The study shows that the combination of ribociclib and ET modulates the immune system in older patients, potentially reversing the age-related immunosenescence process by increasing naïve T-cell and B-cell populations and decreasing memory populations.
SOSYAL MEDYADA KURUM VE LİDER İLETİŞİMİNİN DİYALOJİK İLETİŞİM BAĞLAMINDA İNCELENMESİ: BAYKAR TEKNOLOJİ VE SELÇUK BAYRAKTAR ÖRNEKLERİ
Authors: Yatçi Ali
Published: December 2024

Kurumlar ve liderleri, paydaşları ve izleyicileri ile iletişim kurarken sosyal medya mecrasını aktif olarak kullanmaktadırlar. Temelinde anlama ve anlatma uyumunun bulunduğu diyalog, çift yönlü iletişimi etkin hale getirmesi nedeniyle sosyal medyada kullanılan etkili bir söylem dili olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Buradan hareketle kurumların ve liderlerin sosyal medyada diyalojik iletişim kullanımı Baykar Teknoloji Şirketi ve Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Selçuk Bayraktar’ın sosyal medya hesapları üzerinden incelenmiştir. Kurumun ve liderinin aktif kullandığı Twitter, Instagram, Facebook hesaplarının 01 Ocak – 30 Haziran 2023 tarihleri aralığındaki paylaşımları incelenmiş ve içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Araştırmada elde edilen bulgularda, Baykar Teknoloji Şirketi ve Yönetim Kurulu Başkanı Selçuk Bayraktar’ın sosyal medya hesaplarında izleyicileri ile tek yönlü iletişim kurduğu ve diyalojik iletişimi kullanmadığı görülmüştür. İçerik analizi sonucunda izleyicileri ile sürekli bir araya gelerek, diyalojik iletişimi yüz yüze gerçekleştirdikleri ayrıca kurum liderinin sempatisinin, kurumun önüne geçtiği tespit edilmiştir.
MOBİL OYUNLARDA TARİHÎ ÖGELERİN METALAŞTIRILMASI: RISE OF KINGDOMS ADLI OYUNUN GÖSTERGEBİLİMSEL BAĞLAMDA ANALİZİ
Authors: Zipkin Keskin Merve , Koyuncu Serhan
Published: December 2024

İletişim ve telekomünikasyon teknolojilerindeki gelişimle çevrimiçi cihazlar arasında taşınabilir tablet ve mobil telefonlar yaygınlık kazanırken mobil oyun endüstrisinde de büyük bir hareketlilik yaşanmıştır. Mobil teknolojiler haberleşme faktörünün ötesine geçerek gündelik yaşamın parçası haline gelmiş ve bireylere sosyal ağlar içerisinde etkileşimli bir yapı sunmuştur. Böylelikle mobil oyunlar dünyanın farklı bölgelerinden yediden yetmişe milyonlarca kullanıcıya ulaşır olmuştur. Araştırma mobil oyunlar hakkında literatüre yeni bir bakış açısı kazandırması yönüyle önemlidir. Mobil oyunlara dair göstergebilimsel bir inceleme yapmayı amaçlayan bu araştırmada Lilith Games tarafından 2018 yılında geliştirilen Rise of Kingdoms: Lost Crusade adındaki savaş ve strateji oyunu ele alınmıştır. Göstergebilimsel analiz için Roland Bardhes’in düz anlam ve yan anlam söylemleri esas alınarak inceleme yapılmıştır. Örneklem olarak seçilen mobil oyunun tasarımında yerleşik hayata, medeniyetlere ve sanayileşmiş topluma dair birçok kültürel ve Tarihî nesne kullanılmıştır. Farklı medeniyetleri ve yüzden fazla Tarihî karakteri anlatı yapısında işleyen oyunda Tarihî ve kültürel unsurların metalaştırıldığı yönünde bir çıkarımda bulunulmuştur.
YAPAY ZEKÂ VE HABER DOĞRULAMA KONUSUNDA YAPILAN ARAŞTIRMALAR ÜZERİNE BİBLİYOMETRİK BİR ANALİZ
Authors: Ulaş Turan
Published: December 2024

Sahte haberler, günümüz iletişim dünyasının en büyük sorunlarından biri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Hem geleneksel hem de dijital medyada karşımıza çıkan sahte haber sorununu aşmak ve haberlerin doğruluk kontrollerini gerçekleştirmek amacıyla çeşitli merkezler, kuruluşlar ve platformlar bulunmaktadır. Diğer taraftan günümüzde gelişen teknolojilerle birlikte haber doğrulama ve sahte haber tespitinde yeni bir eğilim ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu eğilim, yapay zekâ teknolojilerini kullanarak sahte haberlerin belirlenmesine odaklanmaktadır. Nitekim, çeşitli yapay zekâ teknolojileri ile sahte haberlerin belirlenmesi ve haber doğrulama sürecinde kullanılmasına dair alanda birçok çalışmanın yapıldığı görülmektedir. Gerçekleştirilen bu araştırmada yapay zekâ, haber doğrulama ve sahte haber tespiti üzerine yapılan çalışmaların genel bir haritasının çıkarılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu bağlamda konu üzerine gerçekleştirilen araştırmaların çeşitli yönlerinin ortaya konulması amacıyla Scopus veri tabanında yer alan eserler VOSviewer programı aracılığıyla bibliyometrik analize tabi tutulmuştur. Gerçekleştirilen analiz sonucunda yapay zekâ, haber doğrulama ve sahte haber tespiti konusunda 591 adet yayına ulaşılmıştır. Scopus veri tabanında bahsi geçen konu üzerine ilk çalışmanın 2015 yılında yayınlandığı görülmüştür. Yapay zekâ, haber doğrulama ve sahte haber tespiti konusundaki araştırmalarda 2018 yılından itibaren bir artış yaşanmaya başladığı ve özellikle 2020 yılından sonra ise bu artışın daha da hızlandığı tespit edilmiştir. VOSviewer ile yapılan ortak anahtar kelime analizinde ise en sık sırasıyla “fake news detection”, “fake news”, “social media” ve“deep learning” ifadelerinin kullanıldığı görülmüştür. Sosyal medyanın ortak anahtar kelimelerde ön plana çıkması sahte haber olgusunun en çok bu alanlarda ortaya çıktığı ve alanda çalışıldığını göstermektedir.
Cultural Competence Among Nursing Students in Pakistan: A Literature Review
Authors: Shaista Farooqui  , Hina Jabeen  , Muhammad Salman  , Dr. Syeda Rakhshanda Kaukab
Published: December 2024

Today's nursing practice mostly draws on cultural competence in light of patients' diverse needs. This literature review explores ways in which structural learning techniques, such as settings like clinics, simulations, and in vivo cultural learning, could strengthen the teaching of cultural competencies in nursing training. Aim: To evaluate the progression of cultural competence and various educational interventions' effectiveness for the advancement of the culture, after taking into account the most relevant research works such as Leininger's Transcultural Nursing Theory and Social Identity Theory. Different research has proven that cultural competence reduces health inequities and improves patients' outcomes, satisfaction, and adherence to treatments. However, despite these benefits, many educational institutions face many challenges, especially in Pakistan. The different cultural barriers to the training initiative include language problems, gender conventions, and resources. The review findings provide a basis for calling for organized programs, tying the theoretical construction together with effective practical experience. The most crucial aspect in conducting such a gap-closing, culturally competency-building program lies in the necessity to use only evidence-based training methods. More study should be focused on long-term studies and high-tech techniques, such as simulation-based learning, to better promote culturally competent care in nursing education. To enhance their readiness to offer equitable treatment in multicultural settings, especially in culturally variant countries like Pakistan, it will be essential to strengthen the cultural competency of healthcare workers.
Play as Liberatory Practice
Authors: Templeton Tran N. , Fox Nicole , Keenan Harper , Gross Akiea
Published: December 2024

Though it is often said in early childhood circles, it bears repeating for all children, youth, and adults: play is a basic human right. 'Basic' suggests something easily accessible, but the reality is far from the ideal. While play has been elevated to the same essential status as nutrition, sleep, and other fundamental needs, society is structured to privilege some and deny others the physical, social, and intellectual dimensions of play. This is not to mention the inner life and sense of self and place within society that play affords us. This issue of TCSE—edited by Templeton, Keenan, Gross, and Fox—highlights long-standing and contemporary threats to children’s play. The authors in this issue present the ways that adults interpret—and at times limit—play for children. Adult interpretations are situated within larger social forces such as settler colonialism, developmentalism, militarization, state violence, and white supremacy, discourses that are no doubt entangled with each other. Juxtaposed with these articles are works produced by children, reminders of what is still possible despite the adult gaze. This issue is one of a double issue; the second (forthcoming) offers more ways forward toward collective liberation through honoring children’s play in its myriad forms.
"We're Going to Kill Your Father": Disruptive Play and Its Affective Dimensions
Authors: Vitullo Adrienne
Published: December 2024

To exclusively align children’s play with joy limits the possibility of understanding what play means for children when it does not fall neatly into the comfortable categories of being normal, safe, kind, or caring. When play is risky and uncomfortable, wild and chaotic, when it shocks and challenges normative conventions—especially in schools—adults consider it disruptive. In this article, we examine a kindergartener’s artistic production of “demonic gingerbread people” using two layers to read this play event. Using a critical childhoods lens, we propose empathy as an alternative to jumping immediately to intervention in response to disruptive play. Using affect theory, we think and experiment with these gingerbread productions to consider the affordances of approaching students' disruptive play with wonder. This layered approach may attune us to new possibilities for conceptualizing children’s subversive play.
Measuring the Economic Value of Open Source: A Survey and a Preliminary Analysis
Authors: Chesbrough Henry
Published: December 2024

Open source technologies are free to use, making them challenging to value in economic terms. While the reasons for contributing to open source code have been extensively studied, the reasons for adopting open source, and the value of that adoption, have received less attention.

Professor Henry Chesbrough, a pioneer on the subject of open innovation, conducted a survey to measure the economic value of open source, analyzing where and to what extent companies experience benefits of open source adoption. Aggregating the findings of this survey, this report discusses the perceived economic benefits of open source software, including cost savings, faster development, open standards, and interoperability.

To learn more about how individuals value open source from an economic perspective, and gain evidence-based insight on the value of supporting open source adoption, read the full report!
A Road Map to Improve the Effectiveness and Impact of Enterprise Open Source Development
Authors: Haddad Ibrahim
Published: December 2024

As open source continues to grow at the enterprise level, there is increasing recognition of the challenges inherent to enterprise open source consumption and contribution and the ways to address these challenges. This report covers several practices that enterprises can adopt to effectively participate in open source, including: hiring developers from the project’s community; allocating time for upstream contributions; setting up a mentorship program; implementing inner sourcing practices; and more!

These practices make up a useful toolbox for companies that are looking to both earn and maintain their open source leadership and be valuable participants in their ecosystem.
A New Direction for the Mobile Industry: Making the Case for More Open and Transparent Mobile Software
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: December 2024

Currently, our mobile phone industry is dominated by siloed companies that cause vendor lock-in, inflexible terms, higher costs, and ultimately stunted growth. This negatively impacts consumers, app developers, manufacturers, and regulators. This research report, sponsored by Futurewei and in partnership with numerous open source projects, features interviews from subject matter experts to understand the current state of the mobile industry, the challenges this industry faces, and how these challenges could be addressed by open sourcing the mobile technology stack. Critical to this shift are open standards, which provide cross-industry consensus for the development of the stack.
Open Source Innovation as a Potential Lever for Economic Recovery: Insights from a Linux Foundation Challenge Session at the 9th World Open Innovation Conference
Authors: Osborne Cailean
Published: December 2024

In November 2022, the Linux Foundation participated in a panel at the World Open Innovation Conference on the role of open source software as a potential tool for economic recovery. The LF sought to test our hypothesis that investing in open source innovation is a strategic decision to navigate an economic recession. This panel brought together innovators, academics, and practitioners of open innovation to challenge this hypothesis and understand the extent to which open source can lead to more resilient organizations.

The key takeaways from this session have been published in our latest report, Open Source Innovation as a Potential Lever for Economic Recovery. As the third installment in our World of Open Source series, this report takes a global view of open source, investigating its role in economic recovery across sectors and geographies. The report summarizes 6 major takeaways from this discussion, ranging from its potential in the public sector to the sustainability of open source projects. Read the full report to learn more!
Why The World Needs an Open Source Digital Wallet Right Now
Authors: Graham Gordon
Published: December 2024

Our physical wallets are quickly becoming digitized to support the transfer of digital assets, from currency to concert tickets. Creating hundreds of different digital wallets causes a vendor lock-in which leads to a lack of interoperability and functionality amongst services. Meanwhile, the fragmentation of their design and development means that the security of these wallets is not always as strong as it could be.

The Open Wallet Foundation (OWF) was formed to support the development of wallets that are portable, secure, and that anyone can use on any device, with any operating system, for any app or service, and with any currency. This whitepaper traces the origins of digital wallets, the opportunities and obstacles in this area of development, and where the OWF comes in.
Методы расчета и симуляции высоковольтного выпрямителя ускорителя ЭЛВ-18
Authors: Животягин В.В. , Воробьёв Д.С. , Домаров Е.В. , Куксанов Н.К.
Published: December 2024

В статье рассматриваются методы расчета и симуляции высоковольтных выпрямителей ускорителей серии ЭЛВ. Расчеты производились через магнитные поля и методом эквивалентной схемы замещения, исходя из геометрических параметров высоковольтного выпрямителя. Произведена симуляция в программе NL5.Проведены измерения и сравнения с рассчитанными значениями.
Колебания электронного пучка в ускорителях типа ЭЛВ, их диагностика и метод подавления
Authors: Домаров Е.В. , Воробьев Д.С. , Голубенко Ю.И. , Салимов Р.А. , Фадеев С.Н. , Черепков В.Г. , Чакин И.К.
Published: December 2024

В данной статье описан метод диагностики колебаний электронного пучка в ускорителях типа ЭЛВ связанный с проникновением в ускорительную трубку поперечного магнитного поля от первичной и вторичной обмоток. Был разработан и испытан метод подавления этих колебаний на примере ускорителя ЭЛВ-8 с выпускным устройством способным выводить сфокусированный электронный пучок в атмосферу. После подавления колебаний удалось выпустить сфокусированный электронный пучок мощностью 100 кВт в атмосферу и увеличить ресурс диафрагм.
Исследование влияния резорбции и электронно-лучевой обработки на структуру и свойства полилактида и его компактов
Authors: Михайленко М.А. , Шарафутдинов М.Р. , Купер К.Э. , Толочко Б.П. , Улихин А.С. , Попов В.К. , Коробейников М.В.
Published: December 2024

Исследованы изменения внутренней структуры компактов из полилактила после взаимодействия их с водой. Показано образование пор с ажурной структурой вблизи поверхности без нарушения целостности образцов. Исследование in situнагрева компактов показало отсутствие заметной кристаллизации и уменьшение числа внутренних границ раздела. Проведённые сравнительные исследования поведения образцов кристаллического и аморфного полилактида после электронно-лучевой обработки выявили увеличение термической стабильности образцов. Наблюдалось уменьшение изменения внутренних границ раздела внутри образцов и повышение температуры начала кристаллизации.
Эволюция микроструктуры и фазового состава покрытий и диффузионных слоев на основе бора при электронно-лучевой обработке в вакууме
Authors: Мишигдоржийн У.Л. , Улаханов Н.С. , Тихонов А.Г. , Воробьев М.С. , Балановский А.Е. , Семенов А.П. , Дышенов Б.А. , Демин К.А.
Published: December 2024

Диффузионные борсодержащие слои применяются с целью упрочнения поверхности металлов и сплавов преимущественно за счет формирования боридов. Последующая электронно-пучковая обработка (ЭПО) таких слоев позволяет акцентированно воздействовать на тонкие поверхностные зоны слоя для модификации. В настоящей работе представлены результаты исследования упомянутых защитных диффузионных слоев методом дифракции обратно рассеянных электронов (ДОЭ). Результаты исследований показывают, что повышение механических свойств бороалитированного слоя после ЭПО связано не только с измельчением зерна, но и фазовым перераспределением, а именно, с концентрацией твердой фазы Fe2B на поверхности слоя.
Измерение параметров вакуумного (безгазового) магнетронного разряда
Authors: Шандриков М.В. , Черкасов А.А. , Окс Е.М. , Оскирко В.О. , Щеглов К.А. , Юшков Г.Ю. , Москвин П.В.
Published: December 2024

Представлены результаты экспериментального исследования непрерывной формы магнетронного разряда в вакуумном (безгазовом режиме) с плоской мишенью. Предельное рабочее давление в камере при функционировании магнетронного разряда составило 3∙10-5 Торр при токе магнетрона 10 А. Отработаны методики измерения масс-зарядового состава ионов плазмы и температуры электронов в условиях интенсивного распыления мишени. Проведены измерения температуры мишени. Отработана методика и проведено сравнение значений плотности ионного тока и степени ионизации материала мишени в области подложки как в газовом, так и в вакуумном режимах.
Emotional atmosphere in third-graders’ mathematics classroom – an analysis of pupils’ drawings
Authors: Laine Anu , Näveri Liisa , Ahtee Maija , Hannula Markku S. , Pehkonen Erkki
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study is to find out what kind of emotional atmosphere dominates in third-graders’ mathematics lessons. The analysis is based on pupils’ drawings. In total 133 drawings were analyzed by looking for content categories related to a holistic evaluation of emotional atmosphere during mathematics lesson. As a summary we can conclude that the emotional atmospheres in the mathematics lessons are mainly positive even though the differences between the classes are large. Furthermore, it can be said that asking pupils to do drawings is a good and many-sided method to collect data about the emotional atmosphere of a class.
Common tasks of teaching as a resource for measuring professional content knowledge internationally
Authors: Hoover Mark , Mosvold Reidar , Fauskanger Janne
Published: December 2024

In the United States, extensive time and money has been invested in developing and validating measures of mathematical knowledge for teaching (MKT). Although studies of adaptation of these measures generally conclude that they are useable in other countries, cultural differences in teaching prompt questions about whether theories and measures of knowledge for teaching are culturally specific. This article argues that the issue turns on the meaning of ”teaching” and ”tasks of teaching” and it recommends increased efforts to identify professionally defensible mathematical tasks of teaching that can serve as a common foundation for conceptualizing and measuring mathematical knowledge for teaching internationally.
Mesurer différemment l’identification à l’organisation : résultats d’une série d’études sur l’adaptation française et la validation d’un instrument graphique
Authors: Brousseau Emily , Lauzier Martin
Published: December 2024

Divisée en trois études complémentaires, cette recherche porte sur l’adaptation française de l’instrument graphique d’identification organisationnelle de Shamir et Kark (2004). Une première étude montre que l’instrument graphique converge avec un instrument multi-items de l’Identification organisationnelle, et ce, en plus d’établir sa fiabilité test-retest. Une seconde étude montre que les instruments graphique et multi-items entretiennent des patrons corrélationnels semblables avec l’engagement affectif, le soutien organisationnel perçu et l’insécurité d’emploi. Une troisième étude fait le décloisonnement de l’instrument graphique selon différents foyers d’identification (c.-à-d., l’organisation, le superviseur, l’emploi). Pris ensemble, ces résultats suggèrent un bon fonctionnement de la version française de l’instrument graphique.
Fundamentos teóricos y metodológicos para la enseñanza-aprendizaje de la fluidez del español L2
Authors: Santamaría Busto Enrique
Published: December 2024

El presente trabajo analiza los aspectos clave que deben tenerse en cuenta al abordar el concepto de fluidez en el ámbito de la enseñanza-aprendizaje de segundas lenguas, con especial referencia al español. Con este fin, el estudio está dividido en dos apartados, uno dirigido a los fundamentos teóricos y otro a los metodológicos. El primer apartado comienza con el estudio de los tres campos de análisis (cognitivo, acústico y perceptivo) desde los que se puede abordar la fluidez, así como los factores y los rasgos lingüísticos que los caracterizan. A continuación, se revisa la relación que mantiene la fluidez con las otras dos dimensiones (la complejidad y la precisión) que determinan el grado de desempeño oral en una segunda lengua. Posteriormente, el apartado teórico se cierra con el análisis de las semejanzas y diferencias que pueden producirse entre la fluidez en la L1 y en la L2, y cómo estos resultados suponen un desafío parar medir correctamente la fluidez de hablantes de segundas lenguas. Finalmente, en el segundo apartado, dedicado a los aspectos metodológicos, el artículo ofrece un amplio catálogo de propuestas para la mejora de la fluidez del español L2 a partir de las conclusiones y los resultados empíricos que ofrecen las investigaciones que han analizado esta dimensión.
The formation of the legal basis for international information security within the UN-format: stages and outcomes
Authors: Zhukovskaya Nataliia Yur'evna , Kalinina Elena Vladimirovna , Radolin Artemii Mihailovich
Published: December 2024

The article presents the main milestones of the UN's 25-year effort to create an international information security system (IISS). The subject of the study includes the activities of both universal and specialized UN platforms, where discussions on IISS issues take place, as well as an analysis of the key agreements reached in this area, including those related to the «triad» of the most prominent security threats associated with ICT. Special attention is given to the diplomatic efforts of the Russian Federation to promote «equal, open, and peaceful» interaction among international law subjects in the information space. Additionally, the article examines the disagreements between Russia and the United States regarding IISS issues. The study uses a dialectical approach to the analysis of international relations. It employs a number of general scientific methods such as induction and deduction, analysis, and generalization. It also utilizes branch methods of humanitarian research, including the study of global processes, such as formal legal analysis, situational analysis, content analysis. Conclusions: 1) It is possible to minimize the threats associated with the negative impact of ICT on the national information space and the world as a whole by consolidating the efforts of all participants in information exchange, with the leading role played by states and national governments. The United Nations is one of the most suitable platforms for this purpose, although it is not the only one. 2) Relations arising in the field of safe use of ICT are only partially regulated by current principles and norms of international law at the level of general prohibitions. 3) The main obstacle to developing uniform standards in the area of information security is the inability to reach consensus on issues such as prohibition of military and political use of ICT, attribution of cyberattacks, interpretation of information security terms.
A method for detecting objects in images based on neural networks on graphs and a small number of training examples
Authors: Zakharov Aleksei Aleksandrovich
Published: December 2024

In the presented work, the object of research is computer vision systems. The subject of the study is a method for detecting objects in images based on neural networks on graphs and a small number of training examples. Such aspects of the topic as the use of a structural representation of the scene to improve the accuracy of object detection are discussed in detail. It is proposed to share information about the structure of the scene based on neural networks on graphs and training from "multiple shots" to increase the accuracy of object detection. Relationships between classes are established using external semantic links. To do this, a knowledge graph is pre-created. The method contains two stages. At the first stage, object detection is performed based on training with "multiple shots". At the second stage, the detection accuracy is improved using a neural network on graphs. The basis of the developed method is the use of convolution based on spectral graph theory. Each vertex represents a category in the knowledge graph, and the edge weight of the graph is calculated based on conditional probability. Based on the convolution, information from neighboring vertices and edges is combined to update the vertex values. The scientific novelty of the developed method lies in the joint use of convolutional networks on graphs and training from "multiple shots" to increase the accuracy of object detection. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is the use of a convolutional network based on a knowledge graph to improve the results of the object detection method using a small number of training examples. The method was studied on test sets of images from the field of computer vision. Using the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets, it is demonstrated that the proposed method increases the accuracy of object detection by analyzing structural relationships. The average accuracy of object detection using the developed method increases by 1-5% compared to the "multiple shots" training method without using a structural representation.
Development and in-vitro evaluation of multilayer mucoadhesive buccal tablets of metoprolol tartrate with chitosan extracted from crustacean shells
Authors: Pushadapu V. V. Siva Krishna , Puttagunta Srinivasa Babu , Ali Javed
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the development and optimization of multilayer mucoadhesive tablets for controlled drug delivery, employing chitosan extracted from prawn (CP) and crab (CC) shells. Characterization of chitosan reveals variations in the degree of deacetylation (DD) and solubility, mucoadhesion, with CP showing higher DD and improved solubility compared to CC. Both CP and CC formulations demonstrate effective drug release retardation and substantial mucoadhesive strength. This study explores the incorporation of Eudragit S 100, and HPMC K 300, as novel backing layers beside ethyl cellulose, expanding the scope of buccal drug delivery system development. Optimization of formulation parameters, including chitosan and backing layer concentration, refined drug release kinetics. The multilayer design enables sustained drug release for a longer period, particularly notable at limited chitosan concentrations, by establishing a controlled pathway for drug diffusion.
Dual-mode low noise large range magnetic sensor based on giant magnetoimpedance effect
Authors: WEN Tao , MA Yuhang , WANG Dequan , CHEN Haoran , LI Yanfang , XU Yang , WANG Zhiguang ,   North Automatic Control Technology Institute, Taiyuan 030006, China,   School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China,   Yangtze Optical Electronic Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430071, China,   School of Communication Engineering, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310000, China
Published: December 2024

Magnetic sensors are widely used in the fields of navigation, transportation, robotics, automation, and medical equipment, and the performance requirements of sensors are getting higher and higher. In this work, a bimodal magnetic sensor with two operating modes, which has the advantages of large range and low noise, is proposed. The sensor consists of a 640 μH core-wound inductor in series with a 100 pF capacitor. When the external magnetic field changes, the magnetization state of the iron core in the inductor will change, the inductance value will change accordingly. The resonant frequency and impedance value of the sensor will also change with the magnetic field. In this work, the giant magnetic impedance characteristics of an RLC series circuit are analyzed, and the relationship between magnetic permeability, inductance value, and external magnetic field is established, and the series resonant frequency of the circuit is simulated to calculate the characteristics of the circuit with respect to the inductance variation. Then, two testing systems are set up to test the relationship between resonance frequency and magnetic field, as well as the noise characteristics of the sensor. In the impedance mode, the effects of capacitance, drive signal frequency, and static bias magnetic field on the sensor noise floor are first analyzed to determine the optimal parameters of the sensor. When the series capacitance of the sensor is 100 pF, the drive signal frequency will be 1 MHz and the static bias magnetic field will be 7.66 Oe. The sensor has the optimal performance with an equivalent noise floor of about \begin{document}$ {200}\;{\text{pT/}}\sqrt {{\text{Hz}}} @1 \;{\text{Hz}} $\end{document}, an impedance rate of change sensitivity of 160.6%/Oe, and a linear range of about 2 Oe. In the frequency mode, the sensor operates linearly up to 25 Oe. A logistic regression model is used to fit the resonant frequency to the magnetic field variation, and the fitted value reaches 0.9974. When the static bias magnetic field is about 7.66 Oe, the sensor sensitivity will be about 47 kHz/Oe. Moreover, compared with other common types of magnetic sensors on the market, this sensor has the commercial component cost of only ¥10, and excellent performance, and huge market potential.
Associative plasticity of granule cell inputs to cerebellar Purkinje cells
Authors: Conti Rossella , Auger Céline
Published: December 2024

Granule cells of the cerebellum make up to 175,000 excitatory synapses on a single Purkinje cell, encoding the wide variety of information from the mossy fibre inputs into the cerebellar cortex. The granule cell axon is made of an ascending portion and a long parallel fibre extending at right angles, an architecture suggesting that synapses formed by the two segments of the axon could encode different information. There are controversial indications that ascending axon (AA) and parallel fibre (PF) synapse properties and modalities of plasticity are different. We tested the hypothesis that AA and PF synapses encode different information, and that the association of these distinct inputs to Purkinje cells might be relevant to the circuit and trigger plasticity, similar to the coincident activation of PF and climbing fibre inputs. Here, by recording synaptic currents in Purkinje cells from either proximal or distal granule cells (mostly AA and PF synapses, respectively), we describe a new form of associative plasticity between these two distinct granule cell inputs. We show for the first time that synchronous AA and PF repetitive train stimulation, with inhibition intact, triggers long-term potentiation (LTP) at AA synapses specifically. Furthermore, the timing of the presentation of the two inputs controls the outcome of plasticity and induction requires NMDAR and mGluR1 activation. The long length of the PFs allows us to preferentially activate the two inputs independently, and despite a lack of morphological reconstruction of the connections, these observations reinforce the suggestion that AA and PF synapses have different coding capabilities and plasticity that is associative, enabling effective association of information transmitted via granule cells.
‘Blind Dislike of Anything New’
Authors: Ólafsson Bragi
Published: December 2024

The first textbook on midwifery written in Icelandic was published in 1749. Its origin can be traced to several late seventeenth- and early eighteenth-century European pioneers in obstetrics and anatomy. Despite its scientific background, the book received mixed reactions from its readers,which demonstrates a culture of scepticism towards change and innovation in eighteenth-century Iceland.
Habitual tea consumption is associated with a lower prevalence of kidney stone disease in postmenopausal women
Authors: Wu Kuan-Hsien , Lee Jia-In , Lee Yung-Chin , Shen Jung-Tsung , Wang Hsun-Shuan , Tsao Yao-Hsuan , Wu Yi-Hsuan , Huang Shu-Pin , Chen Szu-Chia , Jhan Jhen-Hao , Geng Jiun-Hung
Published: December 2024

Background

Menopause is associated with an increased risk of kidney stone disease (KSD). However, for postmenopausal women, how to avoid KSD has rarely been studied. The aim of this study was to explore whether drinking tea is associated with a reduction in the prevalence of KSD in postmenopausal women.

Methods

We collected 11,484 postmenopausal women from the Taiwan Biobank, and used questionnaires to obtain information on tea drinking, KSD, and comorbidities. The participants were divided into two groups according to habitual tea consumption: tea-drinking and non-tea-drinking groups. The association between habitual tea consumption and KSD was examined by logistic regression analysis.

Results

There were 2,035 postmenopausal women in the tea-drinking group and 9,449 postmenopausal women in the non-tea-drinking group. The mean age of all participants was 61 years. Compared to the non-tea-drinking group, the tea-drinking group had a significantly lower prevalence of KSD (7% vs. 5%). The odds ratio (OR) of KSD was lower in those who habitually drank tea than in those who did not (OR = 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.63 to 0.96]) after adjusting for confounders. Moreover, postmenopausal women with a daily intake of two cups of tea or more had a 30% reduced risk of KSD compared to those who did not habitually drink tea (OR = 0.71, 95% CI [0.56 to 0.90]).

Conclusions

Our results suggest that habitual tea drinking may be associated with a reduction in the prevalence of KSD in postmenopausal women. Further studies are warranted to investigate the protective effect of tea on the development of KSD.
Paragraphing Strategies in Academic Writing: A Systematic Review of Structured Approaches
Authors: Gerald Chishiba, , Joseph Mukuka
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the application and effectiveness of five structured paragraphing models in various academic contexts: SOFT (Statement, Opinion, Fact, Tie), CARS (Claim, Argument, Reasoning, Summary), TEEL (Main Topic, Explanation, Evidence, Link), PEEL (Point, Evidence, Explanation, Link), and PIE (Point, Illustration, Explanation). Through the analysis of 35 peer-reviewed journal publications published between 2000 and 2023, chosen based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, the study explores the applications of these models across a range of topic areas.
A comprehensive literature review was the research approach, and both qualitative and quantitative techniques were used to assess the models' applicability, prevalence, and efficacy. Data about each model's use in various academic fields was extracted, with an emphasis on how it affects writing argumentation, coherence, and clarity. To evaluate the models' performance on academic writing assignments, the study used content analysis as a methodology.
The findings showed notable variations in how these models were used across fields and academic levels. While more complicated models like PEEL and CARS were more frequently used in disciplines like political science, law, and the humanities where well-structured argumentation is essential, basic models like PIE were mostly utilised in high school and first-year university courses. The study also found that TEEL was preferred in undergraduate and graduate expository and analytical writing, whereas the SOFT model was more common in technical, business, and economics topics since it placed a strong focus on presenting factual facts.
The study found that every model had unique benefits and drawbacks. The PIE model is praised for its simplicity, yet it is shallow for complex reasoning. Even while PEEL's formulaic format has drawn criticism, its explicit link between argument and evidence has earned it respect. CARS is a good way to create research space. The study suggests that teachers use structured paragraphing in a methodical manner, beginning with straightforward models such as PIE and working their way up to more intricate models like PEEL and CARS.