bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A fetus with 19q13.11 microdeletion presenting with intrauterine growth restriction and multiple cystic kidneya
Authors: Lin Shin-Yu , Lee Chien-Nan , Chen Tai-Chang , Tu Mei-Ping , Lin Chiou-Ya , Chang Tung-Yao , Su Yi-Ning
Published: December 2012

Background: Constitutional deletions of chromosome 19q were rarely reported in the literature. The array-comparative genome hybridization (CGH) helps to identify four children with 19q13 microdeletion and the microdeletion of 19q13.11 is a recent emerging syndrome. We report one fetus with 19q12q13.12 deletion diagnosed prenatally and compare with five cases in the literature.

Case: The 29 year-old woman was at the 27th week of gestation. Prenatal ultrasound revealed severe intrauterine growth restriction and left side multiple cystic kidney with normal amniotic fluid index. Cordocentesis was performed for karyotyping and array CGH.

Results: The karyotype of the fetus was considered as normal male. The BAC array CGH identified one deletion at chromosome 19q12q13.12. The oligonucleotide array CGH further characterized the size of the breakpoint (chr19:35,116, 199-42,994,905). After counselling, the pregnancy was terminated at the 28th week of gestation. The aborted fetus had hypospadias and facial dysmorphisms.

Conclusions: Although a complete genotype-phenotype may not be established in these patients with 19q13 deletions, they shared some unique phenotypes and facial dysmorphisms. The clinician should keep in mind when anomalies are detected prenatally, array CGH may help to identify the etiology, which is critical for counselling.
Extracting Aluminum from Aluminum Alloys in AlCl3-NaCl Molten Salts
Authors: Xu Junli , Zhang Jing , Shi Zhongning
Published: December 2012

Extracting aluminum from aluminum alloys in AlCl3-NaCl molten salts was investigated in this paper. The influences of experimental parameters such as electrolyte composition, cathodic current density and electrolysis time on the deposits morphology were discussed. The results show that the grain size of the deposits decreases with the increase of AlCl3 content in the electrolyte. Current density has a big effect on the morphology of the deposits. The particle size of deposits increases with the increase of current density, and dendritic morphology forms at high current density. High nucleation rates are achieved at high current densities above the limiting diffusion current density, and will result in a finer grain size. A non-dendritic deposit of aluminum was obtained at 170°C at 50 mA cm−2 cathodic current density for 1 h in the electrolyte having a 1.3 molar ratio of AlCl3/NaCl. The purity of the aluminum deposit is about 99.79% analyzed using inductively coupled plasma.
Photobiomodulation – The Chinese approaches and advances in clinical application/Photobiomodulation – Der Chinesische Ansatz und Fortschritte in der klinischen Anwendung
Authors: Liu Timon Cheng-Yi , Li Xing-Er , Liu Song-Hao
Published: December 2012

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is a biomedical treatment that uses monochromatic light or laser irradiation to stimulate or inhibit biological functions. Therapeutic applications of PBM are very common in China as the research on PBM and its therapeutic applications are very advanced. This paper reviews the literature in terms of the function-specific homeostasis, genetic redundancy and self-adaptation of the PBM phenomena and gives an overview of the clinical applications, such as laser acupuncture, intravascular low energy laser therapy, intranasal low intensity laser therapy and laser surgery, taking into consideration the approaches of functional medicine and Traditional Chinese Medicine.
Selbst und Schizophrenie
Authors: Fuchs Thomas
Published: December 2012

Current phenomenological approaches consider schizophrenia as a fundamental disturbance of the embodied self, or a disembodiment. This includes (1) a weakening of the basic sense of self, (2) a disruption of implicit bodily functioning, and (3) a disconnection from the intercorporality with others. As a result of this disembodiment, the pre-reflective, practical immersion of the self in the shared world is lost. Instead, the relationship of self and world is in constant need of reconstruction by deliberate efforts, leading to the growing perplexity and hyperreflexive ruminations that are found in schizophrenic patients. The paper distinguishes different levels of self-experience and relates it to the psychopathology of schizophrenia.
Vorhersagefehler und Gehirnverletzungen. Zwei-Faktoren-Theorien über Wahnvorstellungen
Authors: Radden Jennifer
Published: December 2012

This paper explores the two-factor theoretical model currently widely used to provide an explanatory analysis of the delusions that regularly accompany neurological disease or damage. The model hypothesizes a combination of an experiential factor – a strange or untoward experience – and a cognitive factor, such as an impairment of reasoning. The two-factor model has been devised formonothematicdelusions that are usually manifested in a single, implausible idea. These have to be distinguished from the more elaborated,polythematicdelusions that are found in psychiatry. Psychiatric delusions exceed neurological ones in frequency and, often, semantic complexity. This text offers a preliminary clarification of underlying assumptions about the breadth, terminology and presuppositions of two-factor theorizing, exploring its potential application to psychiatric delusions.
Kognitive Theorie, mentale Repräsentationen und Emotionen. Philosophie und therapeutische Praxis
Authors: Varga Somogy
Published: December 2012

Cognitive Theory (CT) is widely acknowledged framework used to understand the psychological processes involved in affective disorders and to conceptualize the adequate psychotherapy. The purpose of this paper is to assess the philosophical assumptions that CT rests upon. It will be argued that CT must be revised due to significant flaws in many of these philosophical assumptions. The last part of the paper will contain suggestions as to how these problems could be overcome in a manner that would secure philosophical coherence, while also providing an account that is better suited to explaining some of the cognitive, emotional and bodily manifestations of affective disorders.
Die goethische Methodologie des intuitiven Verstandes. Symposium zu: Eckart Förster: Die 25 Jahre der Philosophie
Authors: Wellbery David
Published: December 2012

Förster’s interpretation of the concept of intuitive understandung in Goethe is discussed with respect to the apprehension of transitions (Übergänge) in the phenomenon. Such intuition is both receptive (anschauend) und formative (bildend). Goethe’s theory of intuitive understanding proves to be an account of intentional content as a becoming-identical with the object as regard to its form.
Developing Nontraditional Biology Labs to Challenge Students & Enhance Learning
Authors: Cherif Abour H. , Siuda JoElla E. , Movahedzadeh Farahnaz
Published: December 2012

Laboratory experience and skills are not only essential for success in science studies, but are the most exciting and rewarding aspects of science for students. As a result, many biology teachers have become critical of the efficacy of cookbook-type laboratory activities as well as the purposes, practices, and learning outcomes of lab experiments conducted in this regimented way. In our proposed lab approach, instead of asking students to compare and contrast living cells from various kingdoms, we ask that students design and conduct lab experiments to obtain the empirical evidence to disprove both Schleiden’s and Schwann’s generalizations that all living things, including plants and animals, are composed of identical units called “cells.” Students must then write up their findings in a paper intended for publication in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. Through this process, students learn the scientific method; concepts such as testability, falsifiability, and repeatability; and the requirements of communicating scientific findings through peer-reviewed publication.
Termite Behavior: Measuring the Postanoxic Consumption Rates of Landscape Mulches by Eastern Subterranean Termites
Authors: Collins D. Parks
Published: December 2012

Populations of the Eastern subterranean termite, Reticulitermes flavipes, are widespread throughout most of the eastern United States. Subterranean termites have the ability to survive flooding conditions by lowering their metabolism. This lesson investigates the connection between the ability of termites to lower their metabolism to survive floods and their feeding behavior. Using an incubator, Petri dishes, and different types of mulch, termite consumption can be measured and compared. These results can be analyzed with a simple statistical test to look for significance.
Phylogenetic diversity and relationships among Nigerian ‘egusi’ melon accessions using SSR markers
Authors: Idehen E. , Kehinde O. , Wang X. , Popoola A.
Published: December 2012

‘Egusi’ melon Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai is an important vegetable crop in Nigeria, grown for its edible seeds and oils. The diverse areas in which the crop is cultivated make it a rich source of genetic resources for the species. To explore its diversity, 50 accessions of ‘egusi’ melon were collected from different agro-ecological parts of Nigeria and were evaluated using 25 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 49 bands were scored, of which 42 were polymorphic, accounting for 93.60% of the polymorphic loci. The PIC value ranged from 0.36–0.80. UPGMA cluster analysis revealed five distinct groups for SSR. PCA analysis revealed the distinction of the accessions NG/OE/MAR/09/014, NG/TO/APR/09/027 and A8. Based on the results of this study, SSR markers appear to be particularly useful for the estimation of genetic similarity among diverse accessions of melon.
Characterization of organic matter content of Hungarian agricultural soils
Authors: Nadi M. , Sedaghati E. , Füleky G.
Published: December 2012

Humic substances have proved to be very important fractions in soils, playing a key role especially in agricultural soil and influencing chemical and physical soil properties. Spectroscopic methods are widely used to identify the quality of soil humic substances. In this study, 16 soil samples were selected from the Soil Bank of the Soil Science Laboratory at Szent István University, Gödöllő. The samples were extracted using the Hot Water Percolation (HWP) method and the amount of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in each fraction was measured. The kinetics of the DOC extraction process with the HWP method was estimated. The Ultraviolet Visible (UV-VIS) technique was used to characterize the properties of HWP-dissolved organic carbon (HWP-DOC), measuring absorbance at 200–700 nm. Among the humification parameters, the absorbance ratios at 254 and 365 nm (E2/E3) and 465 and 665 nm (E4/E6), the specific UV absorbance (SUVA) and the UV absorbance ratio index (URI) were estimated. The K factor (humus stability coefficient) and E2/E3 and E4/E6 in NaOH and NaF extracts were also measured. The properties of HWP-DOC were similar in most of the soil samples. There was a good correlation between the content of HWP-DOC and the absorbance at 254 nm. URI, SUVA, E2/E3 and E4/E6 indicated that most of the HWP-DOC in the samples consisted of fulvic acid components with greater activity, simpler structure and low molecular weight.
Effect of n fertilisation on the dynamics of dry matter production and leaf area of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties in different years
Authors: Sugár E. , Berzsenyi Z.
Published: December 2012

The effect of four rates of nitrogen (N) fertilisation (0, 80, 160, 240 kg ha−1) on the growth and yield components of three winter wheat varieties with different maturity dates (Mv Toborzó — extra early, Mv Palotás — early, Mv Verbunkos — mid-early) was analysed in a long-term experiment laid out in a two-factorial split-plot design with four replications in the years 2007–2009. The dry matter production of the whole plant and of individual plant organs, the maximum leaf area, the area of the flag-leaf and all the yield components except the thousand-kernel weight were significantly the greatest in the N160 or the N240 treatments. Averaged over the varieties and years the grain yield in the N treatments was N0: 5.5, N80: 7.1, N160: 7.3 and N240: 7.5 t ha−1. Averaged over N treatments and years the variety Mv Verbunkos had the highest dry matter production, stem mass, spike mass, number of grains per spike and grain yield. Mv Verbunkos had the greatest leaf area in the favourable years of 2008 and 2009 and the greatest flag-leaf area in 2008. Averaged over N treatments and varieties the dry matter production per plant, the leaf and stem mass, the number of spikes per square metre and the thousand-kernel weight were greatest in 2007. The spike mass was lowest in 2007 and had higher, very similar values in 2008 and 2009. The maximum leaf area per plant, the area of the flag-leaf, the number of grains per spike and the grain yield were highest in 2008. The values and dynamics of the growth parameters gave a good characterisation of the effect of the treatments (N fertilisation, variety, year) on plant production (yield, yield components) in various stages of growth.
Fatores de risco para mortalidade neonatal no município de Serra, Espírito Santo
Authors: Lima Eliane de Fátima Almeida , Sousa Ana Inês , Griep Rosane Harter , Primo Cândida Caniçali
Published: December 2012

Objetivou-se analisar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade neonatal no município de Serra, ES. Realizou-se estudo de coorte não concorrente, utilizando a técnica de Linkage que pareou os 32.275 nascidos vivos com 273 óbitos neonatais ocorridos no período de 2001 a 2005, utilizando-se dados do SINASC e SIM. Após os ajustes na regressão logística, os fatores associados à mortalidade foram: mães sem instrução, idade materna < 15 anos e > 35 anos, nascer em hospital público, nenhuma consulta de pré-natal, peso ao nascer.
Percepção de pacientes sobre a privacidade no hospital
Authors: Pupulim Jussara Simone Lenzi , Sawada Namie Okino
Published: December 2012

Estudo qualitativo empregando a análise de conteúdo, objetivando descrever a percepção de privacidade do paciente hospitalizado. Participaram 34 pacientes internados há, pelo mínimo, 3 dias. A análise das informações, fundamentada no referencial teórico da privacidade, evidenciou 3 categorias temáticas: dignidade e respeito, autonomia, espaço pessoal e territorial. Os sujeitos apontaram fatores comportamentais que contribuem ou não para a proteção e manutenção da privacidade no hospital, destacando o respeito como aspecto mais importante, seguido pelo controle pessoal sobre situações que transgridem sua privacidade. Para eles privacidade está interligada com dignidade e respeito, depende da demarcação do espaço pessoal/territorial e da garantia de autonomia, estando esses conceitos e atitudes inter-relacionados e sendo imprescindíveis para o resguardo da privacidade no ambiente hospitalar.
Úlceras venosas: caracterização clínica e tratamento em usuários atendidos em rede ambulatorial
Authors: Sant'Ana Sílvia Maria Soares Carvalho , Bachion Maria Márcia , Santos Queiliene Rosa , Nunes Cynthia Assis Barros , Malaquias Suelen Gomes , Oliveira Beatriz Guitton Renaud Baptista
Published: December 2012

A úlcera venosa representa um desafio para os profissionais de saúde, por ser um agravo crônico, recorrente e com impacto biopsicossocial. Os objetivos deste estudo foram caracterizar as úlceras venosas dos usuários atendidos em salas de curativos da rede municipal de saúde e descrever o tratamento recebido. Esta pesquisa descritiva, realizada no período de outubro de 2009 a julho de 2010 incluiu 58 pessoas. Os dados foram coletados mediante protocolo que envolveu entrevista, exame físico, aplicação de escala, registro fotográfico da lesão e planigrafia. Os resultados mostraram lesões com más condições de cicatrização e o tratamento em desacordo com as principais recomendações da literatura na área. Conclui-se que é necessário repensar a organização dos serviços para atender melhor essa população.
Conhecimento de enfermeiros da Estratégia Saúde da Família sobre resíduos dos serviços de saúde
Authors: Santos Maíra Azevedo dos , Souza Anderson de Oliveira
Published: December 2012

O estudo realizado aborda a problemática envolvendo os resíduos sólidos de serviços de saúde e a atitude do enfermeiro perante os aspectos relacionados ao gerenciamento e a conscientização ambiental. Participaram da pesquisa dez profissionais atuantes na Estratégia de Saúde da Família, dos municípios de Araputanga, Mirassol D'oeste e São José dos Quatro Marcos. Os dados foram obtidos através da aplicação de questionários, posteriormente analisados através do software Origin®. Observou-se o nível de conhecimento em relação à legislação vigente, etapas de manejo realizadas em âmbito municipal e capacitação da equipe e, ainda, a respeito da habilidade dos profissionais em diagnosticar situações de risco ocupacional e para a saúde pública. Apesar da existência de um significativo conhecimento sobre o tema, ainda há necessidade de trabalhos de conscientização e desenvolvimento de práticas adequadas de gerenciamento de Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde.
Formação ética dos enfermeiros: qual a realidade Portuguesa?
Authors: Reis Ana Maria , Oliveira Clara Costa
Published: December 2012

Reconhecendo a existência de políticas de educação que norteiam o ensino da Ética em Enfermagem, foi nosso intuito conhecer a realidade da formação inicial dos enfermeiros em Portugal. O enquadramento conceitual efetivou-se na consulta e leitura de obras completas, de documentos (especialmente as recomendações da Ordem dos Enfermeiros), cruzados com concepções fundamentadoras de autores da Ética em Enfermagem e na Filosofia, nomeadamente Watson e Mounier. A coleta de dados foi feita mediante a consulta aos planos de estudo e aos conteúdos programáticos/programas curriculares no âmbito da ética e deontologia das instituições de ensino superior que oferecem cursos de Enfermagem. Verificou-se que somente cinco estabelecimentos cumprem as recomendações da Ordem dos Enfermeiros relativas ao ensino da Ética e da Deontologia. Além disso, há uma variabilidade de nomenclaturas atribuídas às disciplinas/unidades curriculares e aos conteúdos programáticos/programas curriculares, inseridos nas mesmas e uma grande discrepância na carga horária atribuída às diferentes áreas curriculares.
Mulher climatérica: uma proposta de cuidado clínico de enfermagem baseada em ideias freireanas
Authors: Vidal Cláudia Rejane Pinheiro Maciel , Miranda Karla Corrêa Lima , Pinheiro Patrícia Neyva da Costa , Rodrigues Dafne Paiva
Published: December 2012

O estudo objetiva dialogar entre os conceitos cuidar e educar e propor uma estratégia de educação em saúde como possibilidade de cuidado clínico de Enfermagem para mulheres no climatério baseada nos princípios educativos de Paulo Freire. Ao longo dos anos, diferentes paradigmas de Educação em Saúde são condicionados por diferentes estratégias, muitas delas reducionistas, o que requer questionamentos e implementação de ações mais integrantes e participativas. A partir deste pensamento, buscamos uma possibilidade de educação que contemple o Outro em sua complexidade, possibilitando que a mulher em sua fase climatérica possa também ser assistida de forma integral. Neste cenário, visualizamos os princípios de Paulo Freire como marco norteador para este desenvolvimento, por ele mostrar uma educação dialogada, solidária, sem arrogância, articulando o saber científico com o conhecimento popular, traduzindo seu método em um trabalho coletivo.
Extrato hidroalcoolico da casca do pequi (Caryocar brasiliense) em ratos submetidos à aplicação de doxorrubicina
Authors: Moura Léa Resende , Martins Aparecida Conceição , Vaz Liliam Aparecida da Rocha , Orpinelli Stiwens Roberto Trevisan , Silva Thiago Lopes da , Faleiro Mariana Batista Rodrigues , Santos Suzana da Costa , Moura Veridiana Maria Briagnezi Dignani de
Published: December 2012

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito antioxidante do extrato hidroalcoolico da casca do pequi (EHCP) em ratos após a administração de doxorrubicina (DOX). Foram utilizados ratos da raça Wistar, distribuídos em quatro grupos, sendo que os animais do G1 (n=6) receberam água e solução salina (grupo controle), G2 (n=7) EHCP e solução salina, G3 (n=7) água e DOX e G4 (n=6) EHCP e DOX. O EHCP foi administrado por gavagem durante 10 dias aos ratos dos grupos G2 e G4 e água aos dos G1 e G3. DOX na dose de 10mg kg-1 e solução salina 0,9% foram administradas por via intravenosa no dia sete após o início do experimento aos animais de G3 e G4 e aos de G1 e G2, respectivamente. Foram avaliados peso e taxa de mortalidade. Dez dias após o início do experimento, foi avaliada a concentração sérica de creatina quinase MB (CK-MB), troponina e mioglobina, e os ratos foram submetidos à eutanásia e à avaliação anatomopatológica. Não houve diferença entre os tratamentos quanto ao peso dos animais (P<0,05). Com relação à taxa de mortalidade, houve aumento no grupo 2 (P<0,05). Os resultados do teste qualitativo para a detecção de CK-MB, troponina I e mioglobina nos quatro grupos foram negativos e não foram observadas alterações macroscópicas nos órgãos dos ratos dos diferentes grupos. Constatou-se necrose tubular aguda multifocal de intensidade moderada a acentuada nas regiões cortical e medular nos rins de todos os ratos avaliados. A DOX em dose única de 10mg kg-1 e via intravenosa não promove alterações cardíacas em ratos e o EHCP nas condições avaliadas aumenta o índice de mortalidade em ratos, o que pode estar relacionado a substâncias tóxicas presentes na casca desse fruto.
Predictive validity of the Manchester Triage System: evaluation of outcomes of patients admitted to an emergency department
Authors: Pinto Júnior Domingos , Salgado Patrícia de Oliveira , Chianca Tânia Couto Machado
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to assess the predictive validity of the Manchester Triage System implemented in a municipal hospital in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil. METHOD: cohort prospective and analytical study. The sample of 300 patients was stratified by color groups. The outcome measured was the scores, obtained by patients in each classification group in the Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System - 28, 24 hours after admission to the emergency department. RESULTS: A total of 172 (57%) patients were men and the average age of all patients was 57.3 years old. The median score concerning the severity of their conditions was 6.5 points in the yellow group, 11.5 in the orange group, and 22 points in the red group. Statistically significant differences were found among the three groups (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: the data confirm that the conditions of patients within the color groups progressed at different levels of severity.
Knowledge of doctors and nurses on pain in patients undergoing craniotomy
Authors: Ribeiro Maria do Carmo de Oliveira , Pereira Carlos Umberto , Sallum Ana Maria Calil , Alves José Antonio Barreto , Albuquerque Marcelly Freitas , Fujishima Paula Akemi
Published: December 2012

The study objectives were to characterize the profile of the doctors and nurses caring for patients in the craniotomy postoperative period, checking pain assessment methods and to identify the existence of analgesia protocols. Cross-sectional and analytical study. The casuistry is constituted of 30 doctors and 30 nurses. The results revealed that 83.3 % of the nurses were female, 63.3% knew pain scales, and 16.6% said that analgesia protocols exist. Regarding doctors 60% were male, 70% knew the pain scales, 3.3% had specialization in pain treatment, 13.3% they stated that there are analgesia protocols. The ignorance on the part of doctors and nurses about the assessment scales and pain assessment methods reveals the need for the creation of institutional policies on controlling pain, the use of instruments for the measurement of the pain phenomenon and analgesia protocols in the institution.
Nursing Intervention Classifications (NIC) validated for patients at risk of pressure ulcers
Authors: Bavaresco Taline , Lucena Amália de Fátima
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to validate the Nursing Intervention Classifications (NIC) for the diagnosis 'Risk of Impaired Skin Integrity' in patients at risk of pressure ulcers (PU). METHOD: the sample comprised 16 expert nurses. The data was collected with an instrument about the interventions and their definitions were scored on a Likert scale by the experts. The data was analyzed statistically, using the calculation of weighted averages (WA). The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee (56/2010). RESULTS: nine interventions were validated as 'priority' (WA ≥0.80), among them Prevention of PU (MP=0.92); 22 as 'suggested' (WA >0.50 and <0.80) and 20 were discarded (WA ≤0.50). CONCLUSIONS: the prevention of PU results from the implementation of specific interventions related to the risk factors for development of the lesion, with implications for nursing practice, teaching and research.
Analysis of biomechanical parameters extracted from anorectal manometry of fecally-continent and incontinent patients
Authors: Espindola Bianca , Tibes Chris Mayara dos Santos , Lee Huei Diana , Machado Renato Bobsin , Maletzke André Gustavo , Chung Wu Feng
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate the average resulting area from the Pressure x Time curves resulting from the manometric anorectal exam and compare it with the support capacity of voluntary squeeze. Materials and METHODS: the data set was represented by data from 11 exams from continent patients and eight exams from patients with grade III fecal incontinence. The manometric curves were delineated, and the areas and support capacity of voluntary squeeze calculated, by means of the R computer language and the algorithm developed. RESULTS: the resulting averages for support capacity of voluntary squeeze in continent patients and patients with grade III fecal incontinence were 33.07 seconds and 30.76 seconds (p>0.05) and the averages for area were 2362.04 mmHg x second and 947.92 mmHg x second (p<0.05), respectively. CONCLUSION: the average resulting area is able to differentiate continent patients from incontinent and is shown to be a possible parameter in the analysis of biomechanical behavior related to the mechanisms of anorectal continence.
Academic Master's courses in the field of Nursing: an analysis of course load
Authors: Robazzi Maria Lúcia do Carmo Cruz , Erdmann Alacoque Lorenzini , Fernandes Josicélia Dumêt , Rodrigues Rosalina Aparecida Partezani , Lunardi Valéria Lerch
Published: December 2012

OBJECTIVE: to identify, among the Academic Master's courses, run by Brazilian post-graduate nursing programs, analyzed in the three-yearly evaluation (2007-2009) of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES), the course load stated by the programs for training Master's degree students. METHOD: a descriptive, quantitative, documental study, with data collected in July 2010, through consulting the above-mentioned Coordination's reports in the item "Programs' Proposals", in the Table of Indicators, available on the Internet. RESULTS: discrepancies were found between the course loads of the 32 Academic Master's courses in the different regions of Brazil, with the smallest having a course load of 315 hours and the largest, 1530 hours. CONCLUSIONS: greater discussion is needed about the course load necessary for training the competencies and skills for the profile desired for the students on graduating from the course. The study provides advances in nursing knowledge, as previous investigations on the same issue were not identified. It is hoped that Academic Master's courses in nursing may see themselves in this process and may review their pedagogical decisions in the light of the new models of training/qualification of nursing professionals, centered in science, technology and innovation in the area.
Interference of nail polish on the peripheral oxygen saturation in patients with lung problems during exercise
Authors: Shimoya-Bittencourt Walkiria , Pereira Carlos Alberto de Castro , Diccini Solange , Bettencourt Ana Rita de Cássia
Published: December 2012

AIM: To assess the interference of nail polish on the reading of peripheral oxygen saturation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease on the step exercise. METHODS: In this study, there was the inclusion of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, current non-smokers, of both sexes. Four different colours of nail polish were used in the present study (base, light pink, red and brown), randomly distributed among the fingers of the right hand, with the corresponding fingers on the opposite hand being controls. Saturation was measured at rest, with and without the polish, and also during the 4th, 5th and 6th minutes of the exercise programme. RESULTS: The experimental universe included 42 patients with ages of 62.9±8.7 years. In the exercise considered, the red colour reduced it in the fourth minute of the exercise (p=0.047). In contrast, the brown colour reduced saturation at rest and also during the course of exercise (p=0.01). CONCLUSION: In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the red and brown colours interfered with the reading of the peripheral oxygen saturation during exercise. This study is registered at the Brazilian Register of Clinical Trials (Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos) under No. RBR-9vc722.
Sociedade civil e Estado no Brasil: da autonomia à interdependência política
Authors: Avritzer Leonardo
Published: December 2012

O conceito de sociedade civil é bastante contestado no seu uso e na sua capacidade de explicação analítica. Reelaborado na teoria democrática nos anos 1990, ele tem sido bastante utilizado no Brasil em diferentes acepções. Alguns autores defendem o seu uso, tal como estabelecido na sociologia-política norte-americana (Cohen e Arato) enquanto outros criticam a ideia da autonomia social a ele inerente. Neste artigo, descrevo o surgimento da sociedade civil no Brasil durante os anos setenta e analiso suas principais áreas de atuação durante sua primeira fase. Analiso também uma segunda fase de interação entre Estado e sociedade civil, mostrando a existência de uma interdependência entre ambos.
Ocupar, reivindicar, participar: sobre o repertório de ação do movimento de moradia de São Paulo
Authors: Tatagiba Luciana , Paterniani Stella Zagatto , Trindade Thiago Aparecido
Published: December 2012

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir três eixos comuns que compõem o repertório de ação do movimento de moradia da cidade de São Paulo: as ocupações de imóveis ociosos, a participação institucional (especialmente no Conselho Municipal de Habitação) e o direito a morar no centro da cidade. Buscamos recuperar um pouco da história dessas práticas e rotinas, e apresentamos a heterogeneidade dos argumentos, que as sustentam e as questionam. Apresentamos o movimento que se sustenta heterogêneo e plural, cujos militantes têm no horizonte a luta por moradia digna. O artigo tem como base um survey aplicado no 11º Encontro Estadual de Moradia Popular, organizado pela União dos Movimentos de Moradia (UMM), ocorrido em São Paulo, no ano de 2009.
Initial growth of physic nut as a function of sources and doses of organic fertilizers
Authors: Schulz Deisinara Giane , Fey Rubens , Ruppenthal Viviane , Malavasi Marlene de Matos , Malavasi Ubirajara Contro
Published: December 2012

Organic fertilization provides low cost, supplemental nutrition for plant production. This study aimed to determine the best source and dose of organic fertilizer on the growth of physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.), a potential biodiesel producer. Physic nut seedlings were transplanted to 18 dm³ black plastic pots filled with soil mixed with four sources of organic fertilizer (chicken, fish, cattle manure or urban waste compost) at four dose levels (50, 100, 200 or 400 L m-3). Fertilized and control (no fertilization) plants were grown under shadehouse conditions and morphological plant features were assessed at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after transplanting. Doses higher than 100 L m-3 of poultry manure mixed with claysoil should be avoided. The use of other sources such as cattle manure, fish manure and composting may be used and result in increase in height, leaf area, SPAD index up to doses of 200 L m-3 manure mixed in clay soil.
Multiple nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency in Zantedeschia
Authors: Fernandes Katiúcia Dias , Paiva Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira , Carvalho Janice Guedes de , Resende Aiesca Cecília , Figueiredo Madeleine Alves de
Published: December 2012

Multiple nutritional deficiencies are considered one of several factors that can induce doubt in the diagnosis based only in visual symptoms, because it makes identification more difficult. The aim of this work was to evaluate the development of Zantedeschia and the morphological changes resulting from nutritional disorders caused by multiple and simple nitrogen and phosphorus deficiency in plants grown in nutrient solution. Zantedeschia plants were grown for a period of eight months in a complete Hoagland and Arnon (1950) solution, with nitrogen (-N) omission, with phosphorus (-P) omission, with nitrogen and phosphorus (-NP) omission, and also nutrient solution with N and P at concentrations of 25, 50 and 75%, totalizing 7 treatments, with 4 replicates in a completely randomized experimental design. At the end of the experimental period, plant height, number of emitted leaves, leaf size, number and mineral composition of shoots were assessed. The omission of nutrients both in simple and multiple forms affected plant development. The highest shoot formation occurred in plants grown in solution and with 50% of the concentration of NP. The mineral composition of macronutrients present in leaves and shoots of plants was influenced by multiple deficiencies of N and P.
Extraction of γ-oryzanol from rice bran
Authors: Heidtmann-Bemvenuti Renata , Nora Náthali Saião , Badiale-Furlong Eliana
Published: December 2012

γ-oryzanol, a phytochemical, has antioxidant activities and potential health benefits. In this study, we aimed to develop a method for extracting high amounts of γ-oryzanol from rice bran and for verifying its stability in different solvents. Of the 5 methods under investigation, the one that yielded the highest γ-oryzanol content was further improved by using a central composite rotational design (DCCR - 2(4), including 8 tests in axial conditions and 4 central points, totaling 28 trials). The parameters under study were temperature, time, volume, and the ratio of hexane:isopropanol. High γ-oryzanol content (13.98 mg.g-1) was obtained by using the following extraction conditions: 40° C, 40 min, and 75 mL hexane:isopropanol (1:3). The limits of detection and quantification of the method were 0.9 µg g-1 and 31 µg g-1, respectively. The instrumental precision was 0.004%, the repeatability (CVr) was 9.4%, and the recovery was 111.7 ± 17.7%. γ-oryzanol is more stable in isopropanol than in hexane, in which 100% concentration could be maintained after refrigeration for 72 days.
Motivações e resultados da certificação florestal: um estudo de caso cadeia de valor da Candeia
Authors: Donadelli Flavia Maria de Mattos
Published: December 2012

Apesar de sua disseminação, o entendimento das motivações e resultados da adoção de mecanismos privados de regulação está longe de ser consolidado. Poucos estudos observaram seu processo de implementação e a efetividade de tais mecanismos em produzir bens públicos, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Nesse sentido, o objetivo deste artigo é investigar as motivações para a adoção e efetivos resultados de mecanismos privados de regulação em termos de produção de bens públicos. O caso da cadeia de valor do alpha-bilabolol (uma substância extraída da árvore brasileira Candeia - Eremanthus erythropappus) foi analisado por meio de entrevistas, visitas de campo e revisão da literatura. As principais conclusões do trabalho, que se focou essencialmente no FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), são: (1) a importância de valores corporativos, rigidez das políticas públicas e controvérsia como estímulos à adesão a certificação e (2) a indicação, ao menos para esse caso, de que o FSC pode ser efetivo para a elevação de padrões de proteção ambiental.
Time for concrete casting: a new paradigm
Authors: Rohden A. B. , Dal Molin D. C. C. , Vieira G. L.
Published: December 2012

The Brazilian standard NBR 7212 states that the time of transporting the concrete between the start of mixing should be less than 90 minutes so that by the end of the discharge is a maximum of 150 minutes. Yet often, in construction, concrete is used after this period. In order to investigate the behavior of concrete after setting time of cement was cast six concrete mixtures with two types of cement. The mixtures were produced and kept fresh for six hours, adopting a procedure for maintenance of abatement by superplasticizer and agitation. The results show that of the test piece molded over six hours of maintained or increased the compressive strength average.
Effect of alkalis on the mineral formation and properties of alite-sulfoaluminate cement
Authors: Liu Xiaocun , Liu Tong , Wu Yuanchao , Wang Weishan , Li Yanjun
Published: December 2012

This work studied the effects of alkalis on the mineral formation of alite-sulfoaluminate cement clinker and the properties of its cement, using limestone, fly ash, clay and gypsum as raw materials. The results indicated that minor amount of alkalis can improve the burnability of raw mixtures and accelerate the absorption of free lime. Excess amounts of sodium oxide (Na2O) or potassium oxide (K2O) (about 1·2%) were found to be adverse to the formation of C4A3S¯. The alkali distributes mostly in the interstitial phase, much less in belite crystal and then only traces in alite crystal. When the amount of alkali is about 1·2%, Na2O benefits the formation of C3S and can increase the early strength of cement. K2O, on the other hand, decreases the amount of formation of C3S and lowers the various age strengths of the cement. Adding alkalis prolongs the cement setting time.
Glasgow Central station: a new bridge, track and platforms
Authors: Hackney Mike , Boothman Danny , Nutley Stephen , Brown Stephen
Published: December 2012

Glasgow Central station is one of the busiest railway stations in the UK outside London, with approximately 38 million people using it each year and an average of 1100 trains per day. The original station was opened by the Caledonian Railway in July 1879 and comprises a labyrinth of masonry and brick arches linked by vaulted arches and supported on substantial masonry piers founded in alluvial deposits. In 2009, as part of their continued commitment to improve rail services in Scotland, Network Rail commissioned the construction of two new tracks into the station, the first for 100 years. This presented a significant engineering challenge as the proposed alignment for the new tracks squeezes through the existing narrow masonry arch entrance structure, runs above a line of vaulted arches, which house a nightclub, theatre and restaurant, and is carried over the existing short-stay car park and ramp on a new reinforced concrete bridge. The new structures had to be supported on the existing Victorian infrastructure, demanding innovative, practical design solutions and skilful construction techniques to enable them to be built quickly and safely in a confined, busy public place.
From projects into operations: lessons for data handover
Authors: Whyte Jennifer , Lindkvist Carmel , Ibrahim Nurain Hassan
Published: December 2012

Data from civil engineering projects can inform the operation of built infrastructure. This paper captures lessons for such data handover, from projects into operations, through interviews with leading clients and their supply chain. Clients are found to value receiving accurate and complete data. They recognise opportunities to use high-quality information in decision-making about capital and operational expenditure, as well as in ensuring compliance with regulatory requirements. Providing this value to clients is a motivation for information management in projects. However, data handover is difficult as key people leave before project completion, and different data formats and structures are used in project delivery and operations. Lessons learnt from leading practice include defining data requirements at the outset, involving operations teams at an early stage, shaping the evolution of interoperable systems and standards, developing handover processes to check data rather than documentation and fostering skills to use and update project data in operations.
Sources of Nitrogen for Winter Wheat in Organic Cropping Systems
Authors: Petersen Søren O. , Schjønning Per , Olesen Jørgen E. , Christensen Søren , Christensen Bent T.
Published: December 2012

In organic cropping systems, legumes, cover crops (CC), residue incorporation, and manure application are used to maintain soil fertility, but the contributions of these management practices to soil nitrogen (N) supply remain obscure. We examined potential sources of N for winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in four experimental cropping systems established in 1997 on three soil types. Three of the four systems were under organic management. Topsoil N, depth of the A horizon, and cumulated inputs of N since 1997 were determined at plot level. Labile soil N pools [mineral N, potentially mineralizable N (PMN), microbial biomass N (MBN)] were monitored during two growth periods; at one site, biomass C/N ratios were also determined. Soil for labile N analysis was shielded from N inputs during spring application to isolate cumulated system effects. Potentially mineralizable N and MBN were correlated across all sites and rotations (r2 = 0.72). The MBN corresponded to 46 to 85, 85 to 145, and 74 to 172 kg N ha−1 at the three sites and differed significantly between cropping systems, but MBN could not explain differences in wheat grain N yields. Instead, a multiple linear regression model explained 76 and 82% of the variation in grain N yields in organic cropping systems in 2007 and 2008, showing significant effects of, respectively, topsoil N, depth of A horizon, cumulated inputs of N, and N applied to winter wheat in manure. Thus, soil properties and past and current management all contributed to winter wheat N supply.
Microbial Response to Fertilization in Contrasting Soil Materials used during Oil Sands Reclamation
Authors: Quideau Sylvie A. , Gupta Sanatan Das , MacKenzie M. Derek , Landhäusser Simon M.
Published: December 2012

Reclamation practices following open‐pit mining typically include the reconstruction of soil‐like profiles using a combination of native soil materials, industrial by‐products, and fertilizers. Our overall objective was to compare the quality of eight soil materials used during reclamation in the Athabasca oil sands region of western Canada by characterizing their microbial communities as well as their response to a range of fertilization treatments. Materials included two carbon‐rich surface soil materials, four B horizons with varying extractable phosphorus and pH, the parent geological material (PGM), and tailings sands (TSS), a by‐product of oil extraction. Measured indices of microbial activity included the activities of b‐glucosidase, acid phosphatase, and phenol oxidase. Total biomass and structure of the soil microbial community were characterized based on phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) analysis. Soil materials and fertilization treatments were tested with multivariate regression trees and non‐metric multidimensional scaling. Material type, rather than fertilization level, had the largest impact on all microbial parameters, including biomass, activity, and composition. Only the nutrient‐poor materials (PGM, TSS, and one of the B horizons) showed a response to fertilization. The microbial composition of three of the four B horizons was more similar to the two carbon‐rich surface soil materials than it was to PGM or TSS. Hence, we propose that these subsoil materials present an advantage over the use of the underlying PGM when reconstructing upland sandy soils. Finally, results indicated that soil microbial biomass could be used as a good indicator of seedling growth when no fertilizer was applied.
“Imageless” Spatial and Temporal Rules Can Be Tested and Refined by Constructing Vivid Visual and Auditory Images
Authors: Kunzendorf Robert G. , Lyman Scott S. , Sousa Brenda , Hilly Emily
Published: December 2012

In this computerized study, research participants completed both Marks' (1973) Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire and Kunzendorf's (1979) Vividness of Auditory Imagery Questionnaire and, immediately thereafter, completed either a visuo-spatial rule-development exercise or an audio-temporal rule-development exercise. During the visuo-spatial exercise, participants were administered 20 four-alternative quizzes regarding the schematic rules of 3-point perspective (3PP) and, between quizzes, were instructed to figure out the rules by constructing visual images that serve to test their developing schema. During the audio-temporal exercise, participants were administered 24 two-alternative quizzes regarding artificial grammatical rules and, between quizzes, were instructed to figure out the rules by generating auditory images that serve to test their developing grammar. Across 83 participants in the visuo-spatial rule-development exercise, greater development of 3PP rules correlated significantly with greater vividness of visual imagery, but not auditory imagery. Conversely, across 94 participants in the audio-temporal rule-development exercise, greater development of grammatical rules correlated significantly with greater vividness of auditory imagery, but not visual imagery. In the historical context of null correlations between image vividness and problem-solving success, the current correlational findings provide modality-specific support for Kunzendorf and Reynold's (2004-2005) and Kunzendorf and Buker's (2008-2009) thesis that the vivid imager's construction of sensory images from imageless rules facilitates the testing and refinement of newly hypothesized rules, but does not facilitate the application of previously developed rules to new problems.
Hierarchies of Loss: A Critique of Disenfranchised Grief
Authors: Robson Patricia , Walter Tony
Published: December 2012

Two aspects of the concept of disenfranchised grief are examined: its binary assumption that grief is either enfranchised or disenfranchised; and its emancipatory agenda that grief should not be socially regulated. Focusing on the mourner's relationship to the deceased, we argue that social norms about the legitimacy of bereavement are not binary (yes-no), but are scalar or hierarchical, or even more complex still. We report on a tool for identifying hierarchies of loss, and describe the hierarchy identified by this tool in one British study. If norms about loss are not binary but hierarchical, how has disenfranchised grief—which claims to be a theory of norms—become an uncontested concept within bereavement research and clinical practice? We point to its rhetorical value in the postmodern politics of grief and its seductive emancipatory symbolism within the clinic; its value both for clinical practice and for empirical research into bereavement norms, however, may be limited.