bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Symmetrical Resonance Mechanism of Elimination of Parasitic Torques of the Permanent Magnets Generator when Starting and Idling
Authors: Dobrego K. V.
Published: February 2022

. “Sticking” and vibrations of the stator of permanent magnet generators cause their increased wear, noise; also, their operation efficiency decreases. The article theoretically considers the possibility of eliminating the starting torque and oscillation of the rotation torque of the generator with permanent magnets without load due to mutual compensation of the interaction of coils with the field of permanent magnets at a certain symmetry of this field. The mentioned pheno-menon is called pi-resonance. For the specified class of model interaction potentials of the field of permanent magnets and coils, it has been shown that full compensation occurs with a certain number of coils (Ns) and magnets (Nr), while for other combinations of {Ns, Nr} the interaction is in the nature of oscillations. The corresponding tables for various classes of potentials are given which can serve as a basis for making design decisions when developing generators. Pi-resonance more probably takes place in the case of even number of stator coils and odd number of magnets, as well as with an increase in the number of stator coils. The cases of both one-sided and two-sided arrangement of the stator relative to the rotor are considered. Numerical modelling has shown that the pi-resonance is easily destroyed if the placement of magnets or coils is inaccurate, as well as by the magnet field potential symmetry breaking. An error in the angular arrangement of the coils of 1° can result in the appearance of a significant “cogging” of the rotor with energy of the order of the interaction energy of an isolated magnet – coil pair. A distortion of the symmetry of the potential yields a result similar in scale which is equivalent to the adding of a rump function with the amplitude of 10 % of the amplitude of the symmetric periodic potential. The patterns that have been discovered can be used in the design of efficient generators with reduced level of noise and vibration.
Selection, Calculation and Thermodynamic Analysis of Turbine Units Based on the Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Ovsyannik A. V. , Kliuchinski V. P.
Published: February 2022

A program has been developed for the selection, calculation and thermodynamic analysis of turbine units based on the organic Rankine cycle, which makes it possible to determine the values of the optimal parameters of the working fluid, as well as to select the working fluid with the highest exergetic efficiency for cycles on superheated steam and with intermediate overheating. The structure of the developed mathematical model for thermodynamic analysis is presented. The studies were conducted at pressures up to 20 MPa and temperatures of the working fluid in front of the turbine up to 250 °C; the temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the condenser was 25 °C, while the maximum temperature of the working fluid at the outlet of the intermediate superheater was 250 °C. The analysis of the results showed that the use of reheating in the organic Rankine cycle – as well as in the classical (i. e. steam turbine) one – led to higher exergic efficiency of the cycle. On average, for the studied working media, the increase in exergetic efficiency at optimal parameters of the working body was 4.28 %. However, some working media significantly exceeded this result (for example, 8.14 and 6.56 % for R717 and R32, respectively) due to their thermophysical properties. The error for all low-boiling working media did not exceed 2 % of the obtained result of exergetic efficiency. Grassmann – Shargut charts were made for the studied circuits using the example of the refrigerant R245FA. Exergetic analysis demonstrated that intermediate overheating at thermodynamically optimal parameters of the working media before the high and low pressure parts of the turbine causes a decrease in exergy losses in the heat recovery boiler, a significant increase in regeneration in the heat exchanger, an increase in exergy losses in the pump and their redistribution in the turbine unit, heat exchanger and condenser.
Breakage Monitoring of Executive Body Cutters in Continuous Miner According to Mechanical Vibration Parameters. Part 1. Research Methodology
Authors: Sheleg V. K. , Romanovich A. S. , Konoplianik I. A.
Published: February 2022

Vibromonitoring is the most methodologically developed and technically equipped with recording tools and data processing approach. However, in the sources of scientific and technical information about mining it is presented much less than other monitoring methods. One of the promising ways to solve this problem, in particular monitoring the breakage of cutting disc cutters of an executive body, is to use parameters of natural oscillations of the parts of gearboxes that occur during impulse loading due to such breakages. It should be noted that in the technically complex equipment of the mining industry, in particular in mining machines, there are many sources of vibration, the vibtaions of which are superimposed on each other. And it is not always possible to isolate and identify the required informative signal with the source. With this in mind the paper presents a research methodology on the possibility of monitoring the breakage of the executive body cutters on the example of the continuous miner “Universal 600” according to the parameters of natural vibrations of the executive body cutting discs arising from the breakage of the cutters. The place of registration of these vibrations is determined – the gearbox handles, on the output shafts of which cutting discs are placed. The frequency of such vibrations is set equal to ~5 Hz. The possibility of using the AGAT-M vibration analyzer with M/AC102-1A vibration sensors as a means of further research has been substantiated in the paper. The paper considers an option of placing vibration sensors on non-rotating gear housings of the executive body drive. An algorithm for recording vibration parameters has been developed, which makes it possible to separate its sources.
Proposals for Rehabilitation of Operated Combined Insulated Rolled Roofs
Authors: Chernoivan V. N. , Chernoivan N. V. , Torkhova A. V.
Published: February 2022

Combined insulated rolled roofs, all layers of which are sequentially laid on the supporting structure and covered with a waterproof carpet, make up more than 80 % of the roofs of residential and public buildings in operation and under construction. Such a significant number of structures with a combined roll roofing in the Republic of Belarus is due to the fact that in the early 70s of the last century, a program for the development of prefabricated housing was launched in the Soviet Union. As practice has shown, after three to five years of operation, the combined insulated roll roofs needed current repairs – to eliminate leaks. The repair basically boiled down to the gluing of additional layers of rolled waterproofing material in the areas of roof leaks. Field studies have allowed us to establish the reasons why, in less than 10–12 years of operation, the combined insulated rolled roofs need major repairs. The analysis of the results of field studies has shown that the main factor affecting the failure of the roof is the high humidity of the insulation material. The main reason for moistening the material of the thermal insulation layer during the operation of the roof is the destruction of the vapor barrier layer. Based on the results of the performed field studies and regulatory documents of the Republic of Belarus, the authors of the publication offer a constructive solution and technology of work for the rehabilitation of operated combined insulated rolled roofs. The main

advantages of the proposed solution are: provision of any thermal resistance to heat transfer of the combined coating without dismantling the structural elements of the existing roof; use of PVC membranes as a water-insulating carpet, which will allow to eliminate roof leaks within 20 years of operation without additional costs.
Manajemen Karakter Peserta Didik Pesantren di Era Pandemi (Studi Kasus Smp Pesantren Modern Terpadu Prof. Dr. Hamka II Padang)
Authors: Defi Wahyu Fitrina
Published: February 2022

Karakter merupakan poin terpenting yang harus dicapai dalam proses pembelajaran dan ini sesuai dengan kurikulum yang diusung di era kini. Proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung biasanya, face to face pada lembaga pesantren yang notabene kehidupannya dikontrol selama dua puluh empat jam kini mulai berubah di era pandemi ini. Virtual learning process  membuat semua aspek yang terkait untuk terbiasa secara online pada setiap kegiatan belajar mengajar di pesantren. Walaupun proses pembelajaran yang berlangsung secara virtual namun kontrol terhadap perilaku peserta didik sebagai bagian dari karakter tetap diupayakan agar sama porsinya dengan proses pembelajaran secara langsung. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Data dianalisis melalui tiga tahapan yaitu reduksi data, presentasi data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Informan penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, guru kelas, wali kelas, guru pesantren, dan kepala pesantren. Adapun temuan penelitian terkait manajemen karakter peserta didik di SMP Pesantren Modern Terpadu Prof. Dr. Hamka II Padang adalah: 1) Perencanaan karakter, 2) Pelaksanaan karakter, 3) Pengorganisasian  karakter, 4) Pengevaluasian  karakter dengan berbasis virtual via whatsapp, video pembelajaran, dan google classroom. Selain itu pembentukan tim dalam kontrol karakter di pesantren ini diperlukan dan dengan istilah “Hamka Peduli”.
Pengelolaan Madrasah Swasta dengan Sistem Patrimonial (Studi Komparasi Yayasan Miftahul Ma’arif Kaliwungu Kudus dengan Yayasan Manafi’ul Ulum Getassrabi Gebog Kudus)
Authors: Mohammad Hamdan
Published: February 2022

Foundation (Yayasan) has vital roles in improving the education, particularly in Islamic schools (madrasah) which are mostly private schools. This study focused on the foundation roles and functions in improving the quality of education in Islamic schools (madrasah). Research aimed to study the foundation roles of Yayasan Darul Irfan, in Sawangan, Depok in managing its school, particularly in achieving the National Education Standard (Standar Pendidikan Nasional, SNP). This research, which used qualitative approach, also aimed to study the foundation functions, especially the school management organized by the foundation. The informants in this research were the foundation supervisor (Pembina Yayasan) and inspector (Pengawas Yayasan), the foundation board (Pengurus Yayasan), the headmaster, the vice-headmaster, the teachers, and the Head of Administration (Kepala Tata Usaha) of  Yayasan Miftahul Ma’aarif Kaliwungu and Yayasan Manafiul Ulum Getassrabi Gebog. Data were analyzed by using qualitative and descriptive methods. Research results found that Yayasan Miftahul Ma’aarif Kaliwungu and Yayasan Manafiul Ulum Getassrabi Gebog has shown the education roles in the average level, although it has still not achieved the maximum level. In organizing the education of Yayasan Miftahul Ma’aarif Kaliwungu and Yayasan Manafiul Ulum Getassrabi Gebog according to eight National Education Standards, the Foundation shows more vital roles in finance management, Human Resources (SDM) management, and infrastructure management. The Foundation management has been carried out, particularly in Human Resources management, management development for the headmaster and head of administration. The Foundation also assisted in solving the issues, either amongst the individuals or the units/foundations. The Foundation has possessed specific mechanism in resolving the conflicts.
Peran Pondok Pesantren dalam Pemberdayaan Akhlak-Sosial di Era Industri 4.0
Authors: Fajrussalam Hisny
Published: February 2022

Perkembangan teknologi di Indonesia, khususnya Jawa Barat ternyata belum dibarengi dengan kesiapan moralitas masyarakat. Pesantren sebagai lembaga pendidikan Islam tertua di Indonesia memegang peranan penting dalam menghadapi arus globalisasi ini, sehingga pesantren perlu membimbing masyarakat untuk dapat mengimbangi kemajuan teknologi dan informasi. Bukan tanpa sebab, banyak kasus pelanggaran morali di Indonesia khususnya Jawa Barat yang dilakukan diberbagai kalangan, baik itu pendidikan maupun pemerintahan. Potret inilah yang kemudian menjadi batu loncatan pondok pesantren agar dapat memberdayakan akhlak-sosial di masyarakat. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggali peran pondok pesantren dalam pemberdayaan akhlak-sosial di masyarakat, apalagi Indonesia saat ini sedang demam era baru, yakni era industri 4.0. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode library research. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa program yang dapat dilakukan pondok pesantren guna memberdayakan akhlak-sosial di masyarakat adalah dengan renungan hati, program BKL (Balai Latihan Kerja) Komunitas, dan peduli pendidikan. Ketiga program tersebut diharapkan dapat memberikan sumbangsih bagi masyarakat dalam mendidik dan memberdayakan akhlak yang baik.
Manajemen Kepemimpinan Profetik Upaya Meningkatkan Kinerja dan Tanggung Jawab Guru di Lembaga Pendidikan Islam
Authors: Mohammad Zaini
Published: February 2022

Manajemen secara fungsi manajerialnya adalah proses pengelolaan dalam upaya meningkatkan kualitas dan mutu  sumber daya yang ada baik manusia maupun sumber pendukung lainnya dengan baik dan benar sebagaimana top porsi masing-masing. Secara kelembagaan khususnya lembaga pendidikan islam kategori pengelolaan baik dan benar manakala dalam prosesnya dapat menumbuhkan tanggung jawab terhadap kinerjanya. Kinerja yang dimaksud adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan peserta didik bersama-sama berusaha untuk mewujudkan keinginan dan harapan masyarakat seperti kepemimpinan kepala sekolah yang adil dan bijaksana, guru penuh perhatian dan pembimbingan secara inten, karyawan selalu memberikan kemudahan dalam urusan administrasi dan peserta didik saling menghormati satu sama lain. Konteks di atas merupakan salah satu prilaku seseorang yang mengimplementasikan nilai-nilai profetik dalam kehidupannya sehari-hari.

 

Kata kunci: manajemen kepemimpinan, lembaga pendidikan islam, kinerja dan tanggung jawab
Total Quality Management dalam Lembaga Perguruan Tinggi
Authors: Sonia Nur Rahmi
Published: February 2022

This article describes Total Quality Management for improving higher education organization. This paper employed library research method or approach. The data were collected by analyzing and/or exploring some journals, books, both printed and electronic documents, and other sources and/or information that relate to the research. TQM is that one of the original approach to run a business that seeks to maximize profits and competitiveness through the continous improvement of the product, is now starting to be implemented in many ogled educational institusional, including higher education or universities that have the same four elements, namely inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes are similarly put human resources as a vital component. Implementation of TQM in fact is an attempt to change the traditional irrational management towards modern rational management that is one of the elements on decision making based on facts. Therefore, total quality management be able to give a foundation for quality management and becomes one of the alternatives in ensuring customer satisfaction. Customer who get satisfaction in the services become the basic capital for institutions to form customer loyalty.

 

Keywords: total quality management; higher education; customer satisfaction, customer loyalty

 

 

Abstrak

Artikel ini menjelaskan terkait Manajemen Mutu Terpadu (Total Quality Management) dalam mengimplementasikan untuk meningkatkan organisasi pendidikan di perguruan tinggi. Metodologi atau Pendekatan - yang digunakan dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode atau pendekatan kepustakaan (library research), sedangkan pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menelaah dan/atau mengekplorasi beberapa Jurnal, buku, dan dokumen-dokumen (baik yang berbentuk cetak maupun elektronik) serta sumber-sumber data dan atau informasi lainnya yang dianggap relevan dengan kajian. Manajemen Mutu Terpadu merupakan salah satu pendekatan asli untuk menjalankan bisnis yang berusaha untuk memaksimalkan keuntungan dan daya saing melalui peningkatan terus menerus dari produk, kini mulai diterapkan dan dilirik institusional pendidikan, termasuk pendidikan tinggi atau universitas yang memiliki empat unsur yang sama dengan, yaitu input, proses, output dan outcome yaitu menempatkan sumber daya manusia sebagai komponen vital. Pelaksanaan TQM sebenarnya adalah upaya untuk mengubah manajemen rasional tradisional terhadap manajemen rasional modern yang merupakan salah satu elemen pada pengambilan keputusan berdasarkan fakta. Dengan demikian, TQM memberikan landasan bagi manajemen mutu dan menjadi salah satu alternative dalam menjamin kepuasan pelanggan (customer satisfaction). Pelanggan yang mendapatkan kepuasan dalam layanan menjadi modal dasar bagi institusi untuk membentuk loyalitas pelanggan (customer loyality).

 

Keywords: TQM, pendidikan tinggi, kepuasan pelanggan, loyalitas pelanggan
Manajemen Kepala Sekolah dalam Meningkatkan Profesionalisme Guru Akidah Akhlak di MI Muhammadiyah Kartasura
Authors: Irfan Muhammad Irfan , Yusuf Rohmadi
Published: February 2022

Abstract
This research was conducted to determine the principal's management in improving the professionalism of the akidah akhlak teachers at MI Muhammadiyah Kartasura and the inhibiting and supporting factors. This research approach uses a qualitative descriptive. The results of the study can be described as follows: 1. A teacher in order to increase his professionalism in carrying out his duties as a teacher, he must understand, master, and be skilled in using new learning resources. The role or efforts taken by the school principal in improving the professional competence of akidah akhlak teachers include the role of educator, manager, administrator, supervisor, and motivator. 2. The results of the inhibiting and supporting factors are: The inhibiting factor is the infrastructure and students while the supporting factor is the teachers who have a good educational background and there is good cooperation between teachers and fellow teachers, and teachers and principals.
 
Keywords: Management, principals, professionalism
Multi-dimensional study on the treatment of nonspecific neck pain with ultrasound-guided trigger point injection at the myofascial trigger point of upper trapezius muscles
Authors: Long Lu , Anwar Nadia , Li Shuangyu , Fan Meng , Zhou Li , Zang Qianwen , Li Yongyong , Wang Sanrong
Published: February 2022

Background: Nonspecific neck pain (NNP) is a common type of neck pain that causes serious health problems and is closely related to myofascial pain syndrome (MPS). Here, we compare the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided trigger point injection therapy (TPI) and conventional physical therapy treatment in patients with NNP in multiple dimensions. Methods: Thirty-eight patients with NNP were randomly assigned to the control group and ultrasound-guided TPI group, a single dose of 3 ml of 0.5% lidocaine was injected into each trigger points in all affected muscles under ultrasound guidance once a week for three weeks. The controls received conventional physical therapy treatment every other day for a total of three weeks. The visual analog scale (VAS) score, neck disability index (NDI), surface electromyography (sEMG), sonoelastography and infrared thermography characteristics were used to measured the effectiveness one week and four weeks after the whole treatment. Results: Compared with the control group, the TPI group showed improved pain and functional disability both at one-week and four-week assessment(P<0.01); and the TPI group showed improved electrical activity (P<0.05), elastic stiffness and skin temperature at the four-week assessment(P<0.01). Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided TPI on upper trapezius muscle can alleviate the pain, improves dysfunction for NNP than conventional physical therapy, and the multiple evaluation methods in treatment is more conducive to explore the underlying mechanism of NNP.Trial registration: The present study has been retrospectively registered on Chinese Clinical Trial Registry website (ChiCTR2100051009), Registered 10 September 2021.
Evaluation of Arginine and Tryptophan In Ovo Feeding on Production Performances, Glycogen Status, Intestinal Health and Immunity Related Gene Expression in Fast Growing Broilers
Authors: Nayak Nibedita , Rajini R. Asha , Sahu Amiya Ranjan , Kirubaharan J. John , Ezhilvalavan S.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of in ovo feeding of essential amino acids (arginine and tryptophan) on post-hatch growth performances, organ indices, glycogen status, intestinal health, immune response and immunity related gene expression in fast-growing broilers. Total 700 fertile eggs (Cobb-400) divided into five groups and in ovo injection of arginine and/or tryptophan was administered on 18d of incubation through amnion to a depth of about 8 mm, sealed with paraffin wax and seted for hatching. Arginine feeding had significantly (P<0.01) improved hatch weight, chick/egg weight ratio and placement weight. Body weight gain was observed up to 21d of age in arginine fed group, while till 14d in combination group. Arginine had improved eviscerated and ready-to-cook weight significantly (P<0.01), but tryptophan increases breast yield per cent. Liver glycogen was significantly (P<0.01) higher in arginine fed groups. On 4d, villi height was significantly (P<0.05) increased in duodenum and ileum in all amino acid fed groups. On 35d, villi height was improved in duodenum and jejunum in tryptophan and combination groups. Higher HI-titre was observed on 4d in Arginine group; however, combination group had better HI-titre on 21 and 35d due to humoral immunity. IL-8 gene had high expression in tryptophan group, while IFN-γ expressed more in combination group. Hence, arginine and tryptophan in ovo feeding had improved production performances, glycogen status, intestinal health and immune response after proper metabolism over the feeding in day old chicks.
Analysis on 1481 case of medical complaints in a Tertiary Hospital in Fujian Province：a 5-year retrospective study
Authors: Jiang Jian , Huang fanqian , LI Huiting
Published: February 2022

Objective: This study aims to review the 1481 cases of medical complaints from Fujian Provincial Jinshan Hospital in the past 5 years for providing a reference for new hospitals to deal with medical complaints, optimize medical procedures, improve medical quality, and enhance patient experience.Method: The medical complaint information received by the hospital’s medical department and service center accepted and transferred by the health administrative department in the past 5 years was systematically reviewed and statistically analyzed according to the source of the complaint, the time of the complaint, the content of the complaint, the department of the complaint, the object of the complaint, and the resolution channel by using hierarchical clustering method.Results: The transfer of the health administration department (61.5%) and the acceptance of the service center (28.9%) were the main sources of medical complaints in hospital. The incidence of medical complaints per 10,000 patients in the hospital was between 3-6. The maximum number of complaints was 2017 (5.28 cases/10,000 population), and the least was in 2019 (3.2 cases/10,000 population). The median of complaints was 25, and May- Sep was the period of high incidence of medical complaints each year. In 5 years, the month with the largest number of complaints was May 2020 (41 cases), followed by August 2017(40 cases), and the month with the least number was November 2020 (11 cases). In the past 5 years, the hospital’s medical complaints were mainly in four aspects: medical process (n=329,22.2%), medical environment (n=282,19%), medical humanities (n=277,18.7%), and administrative management (n=209,14.1%). The most frequent complaints were in clinical departments, among which the emergency, outpatient, and pediatric departments accounted for more than 50%. The top three complaints were doctors (n=778,53%), logistics (n=284,19%), and nurses (n=239,16%). The main way to resolve complaints was letter and telephone feedback (n=1372,92.6%).Conclusion: Our research recommends that new hospitals change their concepts, pay more attention to the services and quality of medical resources and logistical support, follow the best practices of patient-centered, perfect various medical complaint channels, and establish multiple methods. They should also properly accept and dispose medical complaints, improve the timeliness and feedback efficiency of responding to medical complaints, strengthen communication, exchange, and dialogue, and improve patients’ medical experience and sense of gain.
Zoledronic Acid for prevention of bone and muscle loss after BAriatric Surgery (ZABAS) – A study protocol for a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Gam Søren , Gram Bibi , Juhl Claus Bogh , Hermann Anne Pernille , Hansen Stinus Gadegaard
Published: February 2022

BackgroundBariatric surgery has adverse effects in the muscular-skeletal system with loss of bone mass and muscle mass and an increase in the risk of fracture. Zoledronic acid is widely used in osteoporosis and prevents bone loss and fracture. Bisphosphonates may also have positive effects in skeletal muscle. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of zoledronic acid for the prevention of bone and muscle loss after bariatric surgery.Methods/designThis is a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study. Sixty women and men with obesity aged 35 years or older will complete baseline assessments before randomization to either zoledronic acid (5 mg in 100 ml isotonic saline) or placebo (100 ml isotonic saline only) three weeks before surgery with Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) or sleeve gastrectomy (SG). Follow-up assessments are performed 12 and 24 months after surgery. The primary outcome is changes in lumbar spine volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) assessed by quantitative computed tomography (QCT). Secondary bone outcomes are changes in proximal femur vBMD assessed by QCT. Changes in cortical and trabecular bone microarchitecture and estimated bone strength will be assessed by high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT). Cortical material bone strength at the mid-tibia diaphysis will be assessed using microindentation and fasting blood samples will be obtained to assess biochemical markers of bone turnover and calcium metabolism. Secondary muscle outcomes include whole body lean mass assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Dynamometers will be used to assess handgrip, shoulder, ankle, and knee muscle strength. Short Physical Performance Battery, 7.6-meter walking tests, 2-minute walking test and a stair climb test will be assessed as biomarkers of physical function. Self-reported physical activity level is assessed using International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ).DiscussionResults from this study will be instrumental for the evidence-based care of patients undergoing bariatric surgery.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, ID: NCT04742010. Registered February 5th 2021.
What is the Influence of Maternal Weight Gain in Different Gestational Clinical Conditions on the Prole Weight in Pre-School Age?
Authors: Mariot Márcia Dornelles Machado , Kretzer Daniela Cortés , Becker Patrícia Cemin , Nunes Isadora Musse , Goldani Marcelo Zubaran , Bernardi Juliana Rombaldi , Silva Clécio Homrich da
Published: February 2022

BACKGROUND

The aim of the current study was to assess the influence of maternal weight gain in different clinical gestational conditions on the child's weight at pre-school age.
METHODS

longitudinal observational study of a prospective and controlled multiple cohort of 372 mother-child pairs from 2011 to 2016 in three hospitals in Porto Alegre (Brazil). Socio-demographic, prenatal and perinatal data were analyzed. Gestational weight gain (GWG) was categorized as "insufficient", "adequate" and "excessive". The Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE) model was used to assess changes in the Z score of the child's body mass index from birth to preschool age according to the GWG and gestational group.
RESULTS

A triple interaction effect was observed involving the gestational group, weight gain and time (p = 0.020) through an adjusted model. Maternal weight gain above the recommended is associated with a significant increase in the child's Z-BMI score over time, except for children from pregnant smokers. Children from diabetic (DM), hypertensive mothers, and the control group who had a weight gain above that recommended during pregnancy changed their nutritional status from eutrophic to overweight, becoming obese in the DM and hypertension groups and overweight in control.
CONCLUSIONS

Monitoring of the GWG, especially in the presence of hypertensive diseases and DM, should be effective to prevent children from developing overweight or obesity in preschool age with an important impact on health conditions in the future.
Determining HIV Risk for Adolescent Girls and Young Women (AGYW) in Relationships with “Blessers” and Age Disparate Partners: A Cross-Sectional Survey in Four Districts in South Africa
Authors: George Gavin , Beckett Sean , Reddy Tarylee , Govender Kaymarlin , Cawood Cherie , Khanyile David , Kharsany Ayesha BM
Published: February 2022

BackgroundHIV incidence among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) remains high, with their male partners a prominent factor in sustaining these elevated rates. Partnership characteristics remain important metrics for determining HIV risk, with evidence indicating that AGYW engaged in transactional and age-disparate relationships facing greater HIV exposure. This study examines the risk posed to AGYW in a relationship with a “Blesser” only, defined as male who provides his female partner with their material needs or desires in exchange for a sexual relationship and age-disparate (5 or more years older).MethodsA cross -sectional household based representative sample of AGYW (aged between 12–24 years) were enrolled in the study (n=18 926) from the districts of City of Johannesburg and Ekurhuleni in the Gauteng province and the Districts of eThekwini and uMgungundlovu in the province of KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) in South Africa between March 13, 2017 to June 22, 2018. Participants completed a structured questionnaire and provided finger-prick blood samples for laboratory measurements. Our analysis used descriptive statistics and multiple binary logistic regressions accounting for survey weights, clustering and stratification. FindingsWhilst all relationships exposed AGYW to potential HIV risk, multiple binary logistic regression analysis revealed that AGYW in a relationship with a Blesser and an age disparate partner were more likely to be HIV positive (AOR: 3.12, 95% CI: 1.76-5.53, p <0.001), diagnosed with an STI (AOR: 4.60, 95% CI: 2.99-7.08, p <0.001), had 2 or more sexual partners in the previous 12 (AOR: 6.37, 95% CI: 3.85-10.54, p <0.001), engaged in sexual activity at age 15 or younger (AOR: 3.67, 95% CI: 2.36-5.69, p <0.001) and more likely to have ever been pregnant (AOR: 2.60, 95% CI: 1.24-5.45, p <0.05) than those not in a relationship with a Blesser and age-disparate partner. ConclusionDifferent relationships present different HIV to AGYW. AGYW who had engaged in relationships with both a Blesser and an age-disparate partner were at greater HIV risk when examined against these relationships independent of one another. The data reveals the compounded HIV risk of being in both a transactional and age-disparate relationship.
Tree Removal Changed The Drumming Behaviour of A Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker
Authors: Onoda Setsuko
Published: February 2022

The Japanese pygmy woodpecker (Dendrocopos kizuki), called “kogera” in Japanese, normally drums on trees. However, during observations conducted over seven years in the Satoyama landscape of Japan, the author discovered the unique behaviour of a Japanese pygmy woodpecker individual. The woodpecker often preferred to drum on metal plates of telephone poles to seek the metal’s specific high-pitched sound. This case study suggests that landscape diversity can translate into behavioural diversity within species.
Effect of paracentesis on the survival of patients with terminal cancer and ascites: A propensity score-weighted analysis of the East-Asian collaborative cross-cultural Study to Elucidate the Dying process
Authors: Masuda Ken , Ishiki Hiroto , Yokomichi Naosuke , Yamaguchi Takuhiro , Ito Tetsuya , Takatsu Hana , Amano Koji , Hiramoto Shuji , Yamauchi Toshihiro , Kawaguchi Takashi , Mori Masanori , Matsuda Yosuke , Yamaguchi Takashi
Published: February 2022

Purpose: Paracentesis is among the most widely utilised treatments for Malignant ascites (MA). However, paracentesis in patients with MA has the potential to be associated with life-shortening effects. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether paracentesis affected the duration of survival in such patients.Methods: We performed a post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter observational study investigating the dying process and end-of-life care in patients with terminal cancer, admitted to 23 palliative care units in Japan. Survival duration was compared between patients who did (paracentesis group) and did not undergo paracentesis (non-paracentesis group). We used inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) to control for baseline covariates between groups.Results: Among the 1,896 initially enrolled patients, 568 with ascites were included in the study cohort. Eighty-five (15.0%) patients underwent paracentesis. The primary tumor site was the pancreas (51.9%, n=295), followed by the gastrointestinal tract (22.7%, n=129). Non-adjusted median durations of survival were 22 days (95% confidence interval [CI]: 16–25) and 12 days (95% CI: 11–13) in the paracentesis and non-paracentesis groups, respectively (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.69, 95% CI: 0.54–0.88; p=0.003). The IPTW-adjusted median survival durations were 22 (95% CI: 16–25) and 16 days (95% CI: 12–22) in the paracentesis and non-paracentesis groups, respectively (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.64–1.24; p=0.492). No serious adverse events occurred in the paracentesis group.Conclusions: Paracentesis does not negatively affect the survival of patients with cancer and MA and can be a standard treatment in palliative care settings.
Developing a core risk factors set for assessment of breast cancer risk in Iranian females: A qualitative Delphi consensus.
Authors: Manouchehri Elham , Roudsari Robab Latifnejad , Najafi Tahereh Fathi , Ebadi Abbas , Shandiz Fatemeh Homaei , Taghipour Ali
Published: February 2022

Background: There have been several methods designed to assess the risk of breast cancer. But according to studies conducted in Iran, the risk to Iranian women could not be accurately calculated with current tools. The aim of this study was to obtain consensus regarding potential breast cancer risk factors in Iran. Methods: A long list of risk factors identified from an integrative review of literature and specialist interviews (round 1) were used to design a questionnaire survey. In round 2 specialists were asked to rate the importance of each risk factor. Items considered very important after round 2 were carried out to the primary draft of core risk factors set and less important items were excluded. In round 3, respondents were asked to reprioritize moderate important risk factors. The items considered very important in round 3 must be included in core risk factors set.Results: In first round 11 specialists were interviewed and a total of 119 items were obtained of the first round and results of integrative review of literature. 30 specialists (response rate 50%) prioritized risk factors of BC in round 2. 51 were carried forward to the round 3 for consensus. No consensus was reached on any of the risk factors that went into Round 3 (response rate 86.7%). Therefore, a list of risk factors containing 25 important risk factors for breast cancer were obtained.Conclusion: This study highlights the items experts feel would be most important to include in the clinical assessment of breast cancer risk in Iran. With the results of this study, it is possible to provide appropriate and usable tool for screening high risk women in primary health care in Iran.
The Asbestos Contamination of Body Powder And Its Effect On Ovarian Health
Authors: Yin YS , Liu HY
Published: February 2022

Objective Investigation of asbestos pollution in body powder, and to explore the influence of asbestos contamination of body powder on ovary. Methods X-ray diffraction combined with polarized light microscopy was used to detect asbestos in body powder sold offline and online in China. Forty-two female SD rats were distributed into the control group, the talc group, the asbestos group, and the asbestos+talc group 0.2 ml corresponding powder suspension of 125mg/ml concentration was injected through the reproductive tract once a day for 180 days. At 90 and 180 days, CA125 and HE4 were measured, and the ovaries of rats were taken for pathological sections. Results A total of 13 asbestos samples were detected in 193 samples. The asbestos detection rate of online samples was higher than that of offline samples. The asbestos detection rate of samples in prices less than 10 Chinese Yuan was the highest. At 90 days and 180 days, the levels of CA125 and HE4 in each experimental group were increased, and the HE4 in the asbestos+talc group was higher than that in the asbestos group and talc group.At 180 days, the CA125 and HE4 levels of experimental groups were higher than those at 90 days. At 180 days, in the cortical area of rats in the asbestos+talc group, granular cell dysplasia was found in the follicles, and pathological mitotic figures were observed. Conclusion Powder mixture of talc and asbestos in low concentration entering the body through the reproductive tract in long time can damage ovarian health.
Clinicopathological Characteristics and Prognostic Factors in Axial Chondroblastomas: A Retrospective Analysis of 61 Cases and Comparison with Extra-Axial Chondroblastomas
Authors: Zheng Bo-Wen , Zheng Bo-Yv , Niu Hua-Qing , Wang Xiao-Bin , Lv Guo-Hua , Li Jing , Zou Ming-Xiang , Ouyang Zhi-Hua
Published: February 2022

Background: The clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of axial chondroblastoma (ACB) are still poorly understood.Purpose: To characterize clinicopathological characteristics in a large ACB cohort and investigate their correlation with survival. We also sought to compare these results with extra-axial CB (EACB).Methods: Our institution's local database was retrospectively reviewed and included a total of 132 CB patients, including 61 ACB patients and 71 EACB patients. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the expression levels of Vimentin (Vim), S100, and cytokeratin (CK) on tumor cells in 132 tissue specimens.Results: Overall, ACB and EACB had similar characteristics, except for older age and tumor size, as well as higher Vim expression, incidence of surrounding tissue invasion and postoperative sensory or motor dysfunction. Whereas wide resection and absence of invasion of surrounding tissues were consistently associated with favorable survival in the ACB and EACB cohorts in univariate analysis, most parameters showed differential prognostic significance between the 2 groups. Significant prognostic factors for local recurrence-free survival in multivariate analysis included the type of resection and chicken-wire calcification in the ACB cohort. Multivariate analysis of overall survival demonstrated that the type of resection was a significant predictor in the ACB cohort, whereas the type of resection and postoperative sensory or motor dysfunction were predictive of overall survival in the EACB group.Conclusion: These data suggest that there may be distinct biological behaviors between ACB and EACB and may provide useful information to better understand the prognostic characteristics of patients with ACB and to improve outcome prediction in patients with ACB.
Source Apportionment and Lung Cancer Risk Assessment of PM2.5-Bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in an Industrial City in Northwestern China
Authors: He Feifei , Lu Jianjiang , Liu Zilong , Niu Junfeng , Li Zhuoying
Published: February 2022

In this study, we investigated the occurrence of particulate matter (PM2.5)-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the atmosphere in Shihezi, China and estimated their incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR). In addition, the potential sources of PM2.5-bound PAHs were statistically estimated using principal component analysis and positive matrix factorization. The backward trajectory was employed to determine the potential source area using the HYSPLIT software. Concentrations of PM2.5 and 16 PM2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 4.32 μg/m3 to 114.67 μg/m3 and 6.26 ng/m3 to 114.79 ng/m3, respectively, with the highest PAH concentrations occurring in the winter. Three principal components were analyzed by PCA, namely a combination of coal combustion sources and vehicle emissions, fugitive dust, and industrial emissions. Five sources were analyzed by positive matrix factorization (PMF) including coal combustion, vehicle emissions, fugitive dust, industrial emissions, and natural gas emissions. Risk assessment analysis showed that source-specific lung cancer risk assessment was in the 10-6–10-5 range, which constitutes a cancer risk that exceeds the guideline safety value (10-6) according to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. It is necessary to take measures to reduce the concentration of PM2.5-bound PAHs in order to reduce human health hazards.
A Short Shaker Channel Mediates K+ Loading to Root Conducting Tissues and Contributes to Rice Grain Yield under Field Conditions
Authors: Yang Shunying , Nguyen Thanh-Hao , Fizames Cécile , Li Junlin , Wang Sheliang , Vernet Aurore , Guiderdoni Emmanuel , Wang Shaofei , Huang Yanan , Hao Dongli , Wang Jiajin , Sentenac Hervé , Véry Anne-Aliénor , Su Yan-Hua
Published: February 2022

K+ uptake to root conducting cells is a prerequisite for its release to the xylem vessels and long-distance delivery to the aerial parts, though the molecular mechanism underpinning such process remains insufficiently understood. Here we report the discovery in rice root of an essential component involved in loading of K+ to the stelar tissues encoded by an unusual short Shaker K+ channel OsK2.2. OsK2.2 represents a novel type of short Shaker channels lacking the sequences immediately downstream of the putative cyclic nucleotide binding domain that present to the C-termini of all plant Shaker channels reported to date. In silico analysis suggests that such short Shaker channels are monocot-specific and especially found in the Poaceae species. Functional assessment in Xenopus oocytes reveals that OsK2.2 uses such innate C-terminal shortness as an intrinsic strategy for maintaining large capacity of K+ uptake to the cells. OsK2.2 predominantly localizes to the phloem and xylem peripheral cells of rice root vasculature. Disruption of OsK2.2 function causes approximately 30% lower K+ in both phloem and xylem sap and reduces K+ accumulation to the shoots. OsK2.2 strongly contributes to the grain yield of rice under field conditions. The essential contribution of such particular type of inward Shaker channel, operating in stelar tissues, to K+ transport between roots and shoots and to grain yield, here evidenced in rice, may be a common trait amongst Poaceae species.
A Study on the Clinical Application of a New Type of Integrated Suctioning Semi-Rigid Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy for Ureteral Calculi
Authors: Fan Difu , Liao Xiaohui , Luo Chuanxiang , Song Leming , Michel Jack , Xie Donghua
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect and clinical value of a new type of integrated suctioning semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy for treating ureteral calculi. METHODS: Retrospective analysis the clinic data of 180 patients who underwent surgery for ureteral calculi from May 2019 to October 2020 in our department, which was divided into three groups, 60 cases each. Group A used traditional semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy, group B used a suctioning semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy with a sheath being connected to a vacuum device; group C used a new type of suctioning integrated rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy with a novelly designed ureteroscope. RESULTS: One hundred and sixty-four cases of ureteroscopic lithotripsy were completed in one stage, and the remaining 16 cases were converted to other surgical methods due to difficulty in placing a suctioning sheath or entering the ureteroscope due to ureteral stricture. Compared with group A, group C had a higher rate of stone stone-clearance rate at 30 days after surgery, a shorter operation time and fewer hospitalization days (P<0.05); Compared with group B, group C had a had a higher one-stage operation success rate, a shorter operation time and fewer hospitalization days (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with the other two types, the new type suctioning integrated semi-rigid ureteroscopic lithotripsy has certain advantages including reduced operation time and length of hospital stay, and higher level of minimally invasiveness for upper urinary calculi.
Time Series Study on the Effects of Daily Average Temperature on the Mortality from Respiratory Diseases and Circulatory Diseases: A Case Study in Mianyang City
Authors: Guo Hongju , Du Peipei , Zhang Han , Zhou Zihui , Zhao Minyao , Wang Jie , Shi Xuemei , Lin Jiayi , Lan Yulu , Xiao Xiang , Zheng Caiyun , Ma Xiaofeng , Liu Chengyao , Zou Junjie , Yang Shu , Luo Jiawei , Feng Xixi
Published: February 2022

BackgroundClimate change caused by environmental pollution is the most important one of many environmental health hazards currently faced by human beings. In particular, the extreme temperature is an important risk factor for death from respiratory and circulatory diseases. This study aims to explore the meteorological-health effect and find out the vulnerable individuals of extreme temperature events in a less developed city in western China.MethodWe collected the meteorological data and data of death caused by respiratory and circulatory diseases in Mianyang City from 2013 to 2019. The nonlinear distributed lag model and the generalized additive models were combined to study the influence of daily average temperature (DAT) on mortality from respiratory and circulatory diseases in different genders, ages.ResultsThe exposure-response curves between DAT and mortality from respiratory and circulatory diseases presented a nonlinear characteristic of the "V" type. Cumulative Relative Risk of 30 days (CRR30) of deaths from respiratory diseases with 4.48 (2.98, 6.73) was higher than that from circulatory diseases with 2.77 (1.96, 3.92) at extremely low temperature, while there was no obvious difference at extremely high temperature. The health effects of low temperatures on the respiratory system of people of all ages and genders were persistent, while that of high temperatures were acute and short-term. The circulatory systems of people aged <65 years were more susceptible to acute effects of cold temperatures, while the effects were delayed in females and people aged ≥65years.ConclusionBoth low and high temperatures increased the risk of mortality from respiratory and circulatory diseases. Cold effects seemed to last longer than heat did.