bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review of Biological Properties, Composition and Toxicity of Annonna Muricata
Authors: Algeryani Safa A.
Published: December 2023

Annona muricata also known as a Grviola is a fruit tree with a long history of traditional use. A. muricata, has a wide array of ethnomedicinal activities and containing wide range of chemical compounds including Alkaloids (acetogenins); which represent the major constituents of A. muricata,  there were more than 100 annonaceous acetogenins have been isolated from leaves, barks, seeds, roots and fruits of A. muricata. Furthermore; lipids, isoquinoline, lactones, Annomuricatina (protein), Bullatacin and Muricoreacinetc have been isolated from this plant. The plant extracts and Secondry metabolites exhibit pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antioxidant, antiparasitic, hepatoprotective and bilirubin-lowering, anti-diabetic, wound healing, antiobesity, immunomodulatory, and anticancer activity. The present review summarizes the information concerning the traditional uses, phytochemistry, biological activity and two case studies one in vitro on pancreatic cancer cells and other in vivo study on breast cancer that had been carried recently to assess the effects of Graviola.
سياسة استهداف التضخم: المُتطلبات وتجارب التطبيق
Authors: هناء عبدالكريم خليفة
Published: December 2023

تهدف هذه الورقة إلى تسليط الضوء على سياسة استهداف التضخم باعتبارها سياسة نقدية حديثة طبقت لأول مرة عام 1990. حيثُ تبنتها العديد من الدول المُتقدمة وذات الأسواق حديثة المنشأة مع التركيز على أهم مُتطلبات تبنى هذه السياسة ، ومزاياها ، بالإضافة إلى تجارب بعض الدول المُطبقة لسياسة استهداف التضخم . وقد توصلت الورقة إلى أن سياسة استهداف التضخم رُغم حداثتها إلا أنها حققت نجاحا في الدول التي طبقتها ، حيث انخفضت مُعدلات التضخم لديها، وفى المقابل حققت مُعدلات نمو اقتصادي جيدة. كما توصلت إلى أن الحكم على مدى فاعلية سياسة استهداف التضخم في أي دولة مُرتبط بمدى توافر شروط تطبيق هذه السياسة في تلك الدولة.
الإنترنت وتأثيره على النسق القيمي في المجتمع الليبي (دراسة ميدانية على عينة من طلاب كلية الآداب/ توكرة –جامعة بنغازي)
Authors: نجية أحمد الورفلي
Published: December 2023

سعت الدّراسة إلى معرفة تأثير الإنترنت على النّسق القيمي للمجتمع اللّيبي واشتملت الدّراسة على نوعين من المتغيّرات تمثّل المتغيّر المستقل في استخدام الإنترنت والذّي تمّ قياسه من خلال كثافة الاستخدام ونوعيّة البرامج أما المتغيّر التابع فتمثّل في التّأثير الذّي أحدثه الإنترنت على بعض قيم المبحوثين المتمثّلة في الهويّة الثّقافيّة والمواطنة والترابط الاجتماعي.

واعتمدت الدّراسة على منهج المسح عن طريق العينة كأسلوب لجمع بيانات الدّراسة وذلك بسحبها لعينة ممثّلة لمجتمع الدّراسة والّتي بلغت 278 مفردة من طلاّب كليّة الآداب والعلوم توكرة بجامعة بنغازي تمّ اختيارها بطريقة العينة العشوائيّة الطبقيّة النسبيّة ،واختبرت فروض الدّراسة عن طريق اختبار الكاي المربع باستخدام برنامج التحليل الإحصائي .    

وتوصّلت الدّراسة إلى إنّ شبكة الإنترنت لم تؤثّر سلباّ على نسق قيم المجتمع اللّيبي ،وذلك من خلال اختبار الفروض الذّي أوضح عدم وجود علاقة بين استخدام الإنترنت وتغيّر القيم الّتي تناولتها الدّراسة ،فيما عدا قيمة التّرابط الاجتماعي حيث أنّ الجلوس على شبكة الإنترنت قلّل من فرص التّواصل الحقيقي مع الأسرة والأقرباء والأصدقاء والّذي بطبيعة الحال حرمهم من الاجتماع والتّحدّث والحوار في شتّى مناحي الحياة وكذلك الاستمتاع بالجو الأسري المليء بالدفء والعاطفة.
Diagnostic and Epidemiologic Features of Visceral Leishmaniasis Transmission by The Phlebotomus Fly in Children Admitted to The Children’s Hospital in Benghazi
Authors: Garboui Samira S.
Published: December 2023

يعتبر داء الليشمانيات عدوى طفيلية ينتقل عادةً بين الحيوانات والانسان عن طريق لدغة أنثى ذباب رمل الماص للدم، وقد أجريت هذه الدراسة لتسليط الضوء على مرض اللشمانيا الحشوي في الاطفال. حيث يُعد ظهور هذا المرض مصدر قلق خوفا من انتشاره بصورة كبيرة، وهو مستوطن في مناطق معينة في ليبيا. استند تشخيص داء الليشمانيا الحشوي على تاريخ المريض والتشخيص السريري، وتم تأكيده بأخذ خزعة من السائل الشوكي لكشف الشكل السوطي للطفيل (Amastigotes)، وتُفحص مجهرياً بعد صبغ المسحة بصبغة جيمسا(Giemsa) حيث تعتبر هذه الطريقة نهج الخط الاول في تشخيص مرض اللشمانيات.

بالإضافة إلى دراسة مقطعية مستعرضة أجريت في الفترة من 1 يناير 2013 إلى 31 ديسمبر 2019 للتحقيق في العوامل الوبائية لمرض داء الليشمانيات الحشوي لدى الاطفال الذين تم إدخالهم إلى مستشفى الاطفال في بنغازي، ليبيا.

أشارت النتائج إلى أنه خالل فترة الدراسة كان هناك 51 طفل مصاب بمرض الليشمانيا الحشوي من بين 99 حالة اشتباه. وكانت الاعراض السريرية الاكثر              هي نقص الكريات الحمر وتضخم النوى وتضخم الكبد والطحال والحمى المطولة. ونوع الليشمانيا الذي يسبب المرض هي لشمانيا دونوفاني                   Leishmania Donovan)) وقد وجدنا الفئة العمرية من 0 -3 سنوات هم الاكثر تضررا ما بين الاطفال، واظهرت نتائج الدراسة زيادة اصابة الطفال الذكور مقارنة بالأطفال الاناث 2 :1، جغرافيا أعلى إصابة كانت في مدينة مرزق الريفية 5.45 ٪ وقد خلصت الدراسة إلى أن داء الليشمانيات يشكل خطر صحي ووبائي في عدة اماكن في ليبيا حيث يصيب الاطفال والبالغين. وسيكون من المهم أن نفهم بعناية كيفية انتقال المرض بين الاشخاص، وزيادة الوعي المهني والمجتمعي، وتحسين التشخيص، وتوافر طرق العالج المناسبة.
Evaluation of N-cadherin Expression in Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Ashour Guheina A.R.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is frequently diagnosed as the most lethal urological cancer and is difficult to predict by ordinary clinicopatho¬logical parameters. Several prognostic biomarkers have been recognized and they are under investigation.

Aim: This study aimed to assess the expression of N-cadherin in different types of RCC, its clinicopathological associations, patients` survival and prognostic inference.

Materials and Methods: This study included a consecutive series of 48 RCC collected from patients who underwent radical or partial nephrectomy with their clinicopathological and follow-up data. N-cadherin expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using a tissue microarray. Marker expression was categorized for statistical analysis, the correlations with clinicopathological variables carried out using SPSS version 22. The Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.

Results: N-cadherin was highly expressed in 85.4% of RCC cases; 77.4% of clear cell type and all cases of papillary, chromophobe, collecting duct, and sarcomatoid change RCC. The expression pattern was abnormal (cytoplasmic or mixed membranous and cytoplasmic). There was a significant difference in the survival between the cases of abnormal high expression and low expression of N-cadherin (P=0.01). There were no associations between N‐cadherin expression and the patients' factors, tumor characteristics, the patients' outcomes and tumor recurrence.

Conclusion: An abnormal high expression of N-cadherin is a better prognostic factor.
واقع خدمات الصحة المدرسية في التعليم االبتدائي العام بمدينة بنغازي كما يدركها المشرفون عليها
Authors: مخلوف عيسى رمضان محمد
Published: December 2023

هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع خدمات الصحة المدرسية (الوقائية والعلاجية) في المدارس الابتدائية بمدينة بنغازي كما يدركها المشرفون عليها، ومعرفة الفروق ذات الدلالة الإحصائية في واقع خدمات الصحة المدرسية (وقائية-علاجية) التي قد تعزى لمتغيري النوع ومدة الخدمة والدورات التدريبية لدى المشرفون، لذا فإن الباحثين اعتمدوا المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وتكون مجتمع الدراسة من المعلمين المشرفين على الصحة المدرسية في التعليم الابتدائي العام بمدينة بنغازي والبالغ عددهم (313) مشرف ومشرفة، ولقد تم اختيار عينة من مدارس التعليم الابتدائي موزعة على مكاتب الخدمات التعليمية الثلاث بمراقبة تعليم بنغازي وبمقدار 50% من المدارس داخل كل مكتب، ومن ثم اختيار عينة عشوائية طبقية نسبية بلغ عدد مفرداتها (150) مشرف ومشرفة بواقع 47% من مجتمع الدراسة، واستخدمت استبانة من إعداد الباحثين كأداة لجمع المعلومات المتعلقة بموضوع الدراسة، ولقد أسفرت الدراسة عن مجموعة من النتائج منها: أن أهم الخدمات الوقائية التي تقدم في مدارس التعليم الابتدائي بمدينة بنغازي (التطعيمات التنشيطية والموسمية وعند دخول المدارس، النشرات والملصقات للوقاية من الامراض، مراقبة المقصف المدرسي ومتابعة الاشتراطات الصحية فيه)، أما أهم الخدمات العلاجية (الكشف المبدئي على الطلاب المستجدين، وتقوم أيضاً بتوفير الإسعافات الأولية للحالات الطارئة، الكشف الطبي على المعلمين بها في كل عام دراسي). كما بينت النتائج أنه لا توجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في خدمات الصحة المدرسية وفقاً لمتغيري النوع ومدة الخدمة، وتوجد فروق ذات دلالة إحصائية في خدمات الصحة المدرسية وفقاً لمتغير الدورات التدريبية في مجالي الخدمات الوقائية والدرجة الكلية، بينما لا توجد فروق بالنسبة لنفس المتغير في مجال الخدمات العلاجية.
تأثير معلومات سلسلة القيمة على جودة تقارير األداء المحاسبية دراسة حالة: بالتطبيق على مصرف الوحدة الليبي
Authors: بوبكر خالد معيوف خالد
Published: December 2023

تهدف الدراسة الحالية بشكل أساس إلى قياس جودة تقارير الأداء في مصرف الوحدة الليبي واختبار تأثير معلومات سلسلة القيمة علي جودة هذه التقارير، وذلك من خلال دراسة حالة مطبقة على مصرف الوحدة وكل فروعه في ليبيا، حيث حُلِّلَت البيانات الواردة بالتقارير المالية خلال الفترة الزمنية من 2008 إلى 2013 بالإضافة إلى المقابلات الشخصية التي أجريت مع أصحاب القرار في مصرف الوحدة، ومن خلال نتائج الدراسة اتضح أن التقارير الخارجية للمصرف لا تحتوي على معلومات قطاعية ومعلومات عن الأنشطة، حيث لا تشتمل على معلومات تفصيلية ومنفصلة عن الفروع المختلفة للمصرف. وبالتالي هناك حاجة إلى تحسين جودة التقارير المحاسبية لأغراض تقويم الأداء. كما أن هناك تأثيرات إحصائية لمعلومات سلسلة القيمة علي جودة تقارير الأداء المحاسبية وفقاً لمداخل جودة التقارير المختلفة، حيث تبين قدرة محاسبة سلسلة القيمة على توفير معلومات الأرباح لكل نشاط بشكل مفصل، وتؤدي إلى تحسين الأرباح، وتجعل من أحكام الإدارة أكثر دقة وموضوعية.
الحرية الاقتصادية والنمو في الاقتصاد الليبي
Authors: حسن الدامي بدر
Published: December 2023

سعياً لتوفير البيئة المناسبة للنمو اتجهت الكثير من الدول خلال العقود الماضية إلى تبنى سياسات وسعت من نطاق الحرية الاقتصادية، ومع ظهور المؤشرات التي تقيس مستوى الحرية الاقتصادية للدول، تزايدت أعداد الدراسات التجريبية التي حاولت استكشاف علاقة الحرية الاقتصادية بالنمو الاقتصادي، وقد أكدت نتائج معظمها على أن الدول التي تحظى بقدر أكبر من الحرية الاقتصادية والتي تشهد تحسنا في مستواها تسجل مستويات أسرع وأعلى من النمو الاقتصادي، وتهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف هذه علاقة واختبارها في الاقتصاد الليبي  خلال الفترة (1996-2012) في الأجلين القصير والطويل، من أجل ذلك استخدمت الدراسة اختبارات المنهج القياسي الكمي الحديثة وأساليبه، كاختبارات جذر الوحدة والسببية والتكامل المشترك، أظهرت النتائج عدم وجود علاقة سواء في الأجل القصير أو في الأجل الطويل بين مؤشر الحرية الاقتصادية بمستواه الحالي والنمو في الاقتصاد الليبي المصنف من حيث الحرية الاقتصادية ضمن فئة الاقتصاديات المقموعة.
اعتماد الشباب الجامعي الليبي على تطبيقات الإعلام الرقمي في التعليم عن بعد دراسة ميدانية-كلية الإعلام جامعة بنغازي نموذجاً
Authors: سليمان رابح الشريف صالح
Published: December 2023

سعى هذا البحث إلى تسليط الضوء على واقع التعليم الجامعي عن بعد عبر تطبيقات الإعلام الرقمي ومدي اعتماد الشباب الجامعي على هذه التقنيات خاصة في ظل الظروف الاستثنائية التي فرضتها الحالة الوبائية نتيجة لانتشار فيروس كورونا أو ما يعرف ب Covid-19 مع نهاية 2019 في أول ظهور له بمدينة ووهان الصينية، وفي ليبيا ظهر في شهر مارس 2020. حيث وظف المنهج الوصفي من أجل وصف الظاهرة قيد الدراسة وتحليلها ومن ثم استخلاص النتائج منها من خلال الاعتماد على استمارة استبانة وزعت على عينة عشوائية بسيطة بما نسبته 10% من مجتمع الدراسة الذي يبلغ عدده (3963) من إجمالي الدارسين في كلية الإعلام جامعة بنغازي، أي إن حجم العينة المشتقة بات (396) مفردة. فيما كشفت نتائج البحث أن الغالبية العظمى من إجمالي عينة البحث من الشباب الجامعي الليبي يستخدمون تطبيقات الإعلام الرقمي في عملية التعليم عن بعد خاصة التليجرام والماسنجر والفيس بوك والواتس اب، وأن التواصل مع الزملاء وأعضاء هيئة التدريس والحوار والنقاش معهم كان من أهم الأسباب التي دفعتهم لاستخدام هذه التطبيقات.
دور الدراسات الائتمانية الكافية في الحد من مخاطر الائتمان دراسة ميدانية على المصارف التجارية الليبية
Authors: الفرجاني إبراهيم مسعود
Published: December 2023

هدف البحث إلى التعرف على دور الدراسات الائتمانية الكافية في الحد من مخاطر الائتمان  بالمصارف التجارية الليبية، ولتحقيق هدف البحث اتُّبِعَ المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وقد تكون مجتمع الدراسة من ستة مصارف تجارية ليبية، هي: (مصرف الوحدة، مصرف الجمهورية، مصرف الصحارى، المصرف التجاري الوطني، مصرف التجارة والتنمية، مصرف شمال أفريقيا) وذلك باعتبارها أكبر المصارف الليبية من حيث حجم الائتمان الممنوح، وقد اعْتُمِدَ على استمارة الاستبانة وسيلةً لجمع البيانات حيث وُزّعَ عدد (90) استمارة استبانة على المشاركين في البحث وقد بلغ عدد الاستمارات المستردة (84) استمارة من ضمنها (2) غير صالحة للتحليل الإحصائي، بالتالي يكون عدد الاستمارات الداخلة في التحليل (82)، وحُلِّلت البيانات المتحصل عليها باستخدام برنامج الحزمة الإحصائيةspss .

وقد توصل البحث إلى أن لجان الائتمان وموظفي الائتمان (عينة البحث) لديهم الخبرة والكفاءة والتأهيل العلمي في مجال الائتمان المصرفي، كما أظهر البحث أن هناك دوراً للدراسات الائتمانية الكافية في الحد من مخاطر الائتمان.

وأوصى البحث بمجموعة من التوصيات منها ضرورة التوسع في الدراسات الائتمانية لضمان الحد من مخاطر الائتمان.
Antioxidant activities of postbiotics produced by several Lactobacillus plantarum strains using reconstituted media
Authors: Merzza Humam A. , Idris Alshelmani M. , Chwen Loh, T. , Ling Foo, H.
Published: December 2023

The current study was conducted to determine the antioxidant activity of postbiotics produced by various strains of Lactobacillus plantarum grown in reconstituted media, as well as to identify the one with the best antioxidant activity based on scavenging free radicals. By using reconstituted media, six strains of L. plantarum (RG11, RG14, RI11, UL4, TL1, and RS5) were used to produce the postbiotics. The antioxidant activity of the postbiotics was determined using the 2,2-Diphenyl-1-Picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) assay and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) assays. A significantly higher antioxidant activity of postbiotics was observed in RI11 compared to other postbiotics, whereas UL4 and RS5 were significantly higher (P<0.05) compared with RG11, RG14, and TL1. However, no significant difference was recorded between RG11, RG14, and TL1 in the postbiotics scavenging activity. Both the DPPH assay and ABTS radical cation scavenging potential showed that the various strains possess antioxidant activity.
EFFECTS OF WEIGHT TRAINING ON PHYSICAL FITNESS AND BODY COMPOSITION ON A WARSHIP
Authors: Vantarakis Antonios , Grivas Gerasimos , Kalligeros Stamatios , Karakatsanis Konstantinos , Theodorou Nikolas , Vezos Nikolaos , Vantaraki Anthia-Dimitra , Vantarakis Sotirios
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The military readiness of the naval personnel serving on a warship requires a high level of physical health and fitness which is considered a given capability, regardless of the service they serve. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of a weight training program (WTP) on the physical fitness of Greek naval cadets during a training trip on a warship. Material & Methods. The sample consisted of 21 male Greek cadets of the Hellenic Naval Academy (HNA) (age: 21.0 ± 0.83 years, height: 177.9 ± 6.9cm, body mass: 78.2 ± 7.1kg). The cadet team that participated for four weeks on the trip performed 20 training sessions lasting 60-80 min each, five times a week. The measurements of the participants before and after 4 weeks of a weight exercise training program were related to body mass (BM), body fat percentage (% BF), body mass index (BMI), number of sit-ups (SU1) and push-ups (PU1) done in one minute, one repetition maximum (1RM) in a squat (SQ) and bench press (BP), and the 30m run and 5m rope climb. Results. The results of the study showed that the WTP did not affect BM (t20 = -0.412, p = .685 > .05) and BMI (t20 = -0.477, p = .639>.05). Respectively, no significant difference was observed in %BF in all cadets between the measurements (t20 = -0.962, p > .05). The number of PU1 significantly increased by 10.82% (t20 = -4.191, p < .01). The SU1 significantly increased by 9.34% (t20 = -4.613, p < .01). The 1RM increased on BP by 5.71% (t20 = -5.769. p < .01) and SQ by 7.73% (t = 20, p < .01). The time on 30m sprint decreased by 1.33% (t20 = 7.640, p < .01) and for 5m rope climb decreased by 3.15% (t20 = 6.663, p < .01). Conclusion. The results of this study showed that it is necessary for the naval cadets to follow a WTP during their trips in the sea on a warship to increase their physical condition/fitness and sustain their body composition.
RESEARCH OF THE RHYTHMICAL ABILITIES OF PUPILS OF PRIMARY SCHOOL AGE
Authors: Petrova Marina , Videv Emil
Published: December 2023

Coordination abilities are an important element of human physical ability. They are part of the motor abilities and represent relatively consolidated and generalized qualities of the course of specific processes for regulating movements. Well-developed coordination abilities are a prerequisite for correctly and quickly learning new movements. The aim of this study was to improve the rhythmical abilities of pupils at primary schools using exercises from basic gymnastics and folklore dances with musical accompaniment. The research was carried out with 92 students at a secondary school in the city of Sofia. We used a test battery containing information about the rhythmical abilities to realize it. The battery includes four tests: frontal kicking with legs and arms on the wall, jumps in four squares, crossover jumps in four squares, and kicking with legs and arms. The methods used in this study are the testing, pedagogical experiment, and mathematical-statistical methods (variation analysis, comparative analysis with t-criterion of Student). The analysis of the results showed that the differences observed in the pupils from the experimental group, obtained before and after the experiment, were statistically significant for all indicators of rhythmical abilities. Such a difference was also found between the two studied groups at the end of the experiment. The research showed that the program we applied had a positive effect on developing rhythmical abilities.
THE INFLUENCE OF MENSTRUATION ON TRAINING SCHEDULES IN WELL-TRAINED AND ELITE FEMALE MOUNTAIN BIKE, ROAD AND CYCLOCROSS ATHLETES
Authors: Aitkenhead Robyn , Kirkwood Lewis , Florida-James Geraint , Ingram-Sills Lesley
Published: December 2023

Female physiology is unique and driven by fluctuations in sex hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle. These hormones present myriad mechanisms that may influence physiological systems, potentially implicating exercise performance. However, research exploring the MC in athletes is limited. This study investigated if training status (well-trained/elite) influenced MC-related symptoms, training schedules, sleep quality, arousal, and alertness of elite and welltrained female mountain bike, road, and cyclocross athletes. Fifteen well-trained (n= 7) and elite (n= 8) cyclists (age: 29 ± 7yrs, height: 1.7 ± 0.1m, body mass: 61.9 ± 7.7kg) tracked their MC symptoms, basal body temperature, body mass, sleep, arousal, and alertness measures daily for three months. The MC was split into two phases, follicular and luteal, and participants were provided ovulation kits to identify the phases. The most reported symptoms were fatigue, bloating, abdominal pain, and cramping. Athletes’ BBT was significantly greater (p< 0.05) in the LP compared to the FP (0.4 ºC, p=0.01, d=0.4). No significant differences (p>0.05) in body mass, sleep duration and quality, alertness and arousal were observed between well-trained and elite athletes. Further, no significant differences between statuses for any training variables, average or maximum heart rate, training load (bTRIMP), average or maximum speed, and rate of perceived exertion were observed. The MC did not influence physiological responses and training variables in well-trained and elite mountain bike, road, and cyclocross female athletes. Nevertheless, individual fluctuations were present, and it is recommended that athletes monitor their own MC to optimize training and ultimately performance.
Cultivation of Dunaliella salina Microalgae in the Nutrient Medium from Neutral-Sulfite Alkalis
Authors:   Kazan National Research Technological University, Iksanov Rishat A. , Kanarsky Albert V. , Kanarskaya Zosya A. , Gеmatdinova Venera M. ,   Kazan Innovation University named after V.G. Timiryasov, Belkina Ekaterina V. ,   OOO “Prikamsky cardboard”
Published: December 2023

The effectiveness of cultivation of microalgae Dunaliella salina in the nutrient medium from neutral-sulfite alkalis obtained during the production of cellulose from birch wood, with additional sodium chloride addition was established. D. salina microalgae were isolated from the bottom sediment of the Koyash Lake of the Kerch Peninsula. It was shown that the physiological activity of microalgae was affected by the amount of sodium chloride introduced into the nutrient medium. When up to 5 % sodium chloride is added to the nutrient medium. D. salina microalgae exhibit halotolerant properties when up to 5 % of sodium chloride is added to the nutrient medium. With an increase in the amount of sodium chloride introduced up to 30 %, D. salina culture exhibits halophilic properties. The best kinetic characteristics of the growth of D. salina when cultivated in the nutrient medium from neutral sulfite alkalis were observed at halophilic physiological activity. The yield of biomass of D. salina microalgae when cultivated in the nutrient medium without and when 5 % sodium chloride was added to the nutrient medium from neutral-sulfite alkalis is higher compared to the addition of 15 and 30 % sodium chloride to the nutrient medium. However, the accumulation of protein has an opposite dependence, in particular, the protein content of the culture fluid, in which 15 and 30 % sodium chloride was applied is higher than that when 5 % sodium chloride was applied. With an increase in the duration of cultivation up to 240 hours, a decrease in the pH of the nutrient medium from 7.04 to 4.70 was observed, this was due to the assimilation by microalgae of mineral and organic-bound nitrogen present in the nutrient medium from neutral-sulfite alkalis. It was established that during cultivation microalgae assimilate both reducing substances and coloring substances present in the nutrient medium, which results in intensive cell growth. With an increase in the duration of cultivation of microalgae, an increase in the number of cells in the culture fluid to 4 ⋅ 106 cl/ml was observed, which at the same time synthesize the extracellular enzyme xylanase, which contributes to the additional formation of reducing substances in the nutrient medium due to the enzymatic hydrolysis of xylan. The obtained research results show the prospects of using neutral-sulfite alkalis in biotechnology in the cultivation of D. salina microalgae for the production of biological products. For citation: Iksanov R.A., Kanarsky A.V., Kanarskaya Z.A., Gеmatdinova V.M. Cultivation of Dunaliella salina Microalgae in the Nutrient Medium from Neutral-Sulfite Alkalis. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 6, pp. 162–175. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-162-175
Dynamics of Understory Vegetation Cover in Anthropogenically Disturbed Pine Cenoses of Krasnoyarsk Forest-Steppe
Authors:   Sukachev Institute of Fоrеst SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Goncharova Irina A. ,   Krasnoyarsk Regional Museum of Local Lore, Skripalschikova Larisa N. ,   Sukachev Institute of Fоrеst SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS”, Barchenkov Alexey P.
Published: December 2023

The dynamics of the understorey vegetation cover in anthropogenically transformed cenoses of common pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in the period 2017–2020 was studied. The studies were conducted in a diverse herbaceous group of forest types of natural origin in the Krasnoyarsk forest-steppe zone. The forest stands are characterized by I–IV classes of bonitet, density 0.5–0.9 and IV–VII class of age. Vegetation cover was studied at each monitoring site on 30 (1 m2) survey plots: species composition, projective cover, species occurrence, horizontal and vertical structure of phytocenosis. The intensity of change in species composition over a 4-year period was identified using the Serensen-Chekanovsky coefficient. Species diversity was assessed using Shannon index, recreational transformation of living ground cover – synanthropization index. Based on the results of the study, the species composition of the undergrowth and living ground cover was determined, and the features of its change in the period 2017–2020 were described. Based on the analysis of changes in species diversity, composition and projective cover of dominants and co-dominants, quantitative ratio of ecological and cenotic groups, the stages of recreational transformation of the ground cover were determined. As a result of the increased recreational load, the stage of recreational transformation of the vegetation cover changed: in sample area 1 from undisturbed to the 1st (initial) phase I stage (weak transformation), in sample area 3 – from the 1st to the 2nd (final) phase I stage. Due to the absence of anthropogenic influence, the undisturbed vegetation cover was preserved in sample area 4, whereas in sample areas 2 and 5, due to the constant recreational load, the 2nd phase I stage of vegetation cover transformation observed in 2017 remained. To reduce the impact on the lower tiers of vegetation under the canopy of pine plantations (sample areas 1–3) and to preserve its species diversity, it is possible to recommend the arrangement of a specific road-trail network. For citation: Goncharova I.A., Skripalschikova L.N., Barchenkov A.P. Dynamics of Understory Vegetation Cover in Anthropogenically Disturbed Pine Cenoses of Krasnoyarsk Forest-Steppe. Lesnoy Zhurnal = Russian Forestry Journal, 2023, no. 6, pp. 204–214. (In Russ.). https://doi.org/10.37482/0536-1036-2023-6-204-214
Action mode of fipronil and sulfluramid in baits on Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel, 1909) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in laboratory conditions
Authors: Sabattini Julian A. , Zanuncio Jose C. , Camargo Roberto S. , Forti Luiz C.
Published: December 2023

The leaf-cutting ants (LCAs) of the genus Atta Fabricius, 1804 and Acromyrmex Mayr, 1865 (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) are major pests in forest plantations, agriculture and livestock. Toxic baits with the active ingredients fipronil and sulfluramid are the main method to manage these insects. The internal hygiene of the ant colony needs to be considered to carry out chemical control of LCA. The baits must act as a true ‘Trojan horse’ deceiving the toxic action during the moment of transport. The objective was to evaluate fipronil and sulfluramid in toxic baits against Acromyrmex crassispinus (Forel, 1909) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in the laboratory. The action was observed in the first hours after application. The pick-up of the bait with fipronil was more heterogeneous and more random than that with the sulfluramid. Individuals of A. crassispinus stopped cutting leaves after four and seven days after application (DAA) of fipronil and sulfluramid baits, respectively. The foraging activity tended to zero over time with the sulfluramid bait, but a low carry of leaves was observed on the 11th DAA with the fipronil bait. The fipronil and sulfluramid baits, in laboratory conditions, were toxic and efficient to the ant A. crassispinus. The lethal action of fipronil was faster, an undesired aspect in the management of social insects. A control method that simulates the mythical ‘Trojan horse’ on LCAs nests is desirable.
Iran: Creating Local Democracy in Iran: State Building and the Politics of Decentralization, by Kian Tajbakhsh (book review)
Authors: Nikouei Majid
Published: December 2023

Creating Local Democracy in Iran: State Building and the Politics of Decentralization, by Kian Tajbakhsh. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2022, 304 pages. $99.99 cloth, e-book.
Modern History and Politics: Understanding the New Proxy Wars: Battlegrounds and Strategies Reshaping the Greater Middle East, edited by Peter Bergen, Candace Rondeaux, Daniel Rothenberg, and David Sterman (book reviews)
Authors: Ahram Ariel I.
Published: December 2023

Understanding the New Proxy Wars: Battlegrounds and Strategies Reshaping the Greater Middle East, edited by Peter Bergen, Candace Rondeaux, Daniel Rothenberg, and David Sterman. London: Hurst Publishers, 2022. 416 pages. £35 cloth.
Spatial Arrangements of Cyclodextrin Host-Guest Complexes in Solution Studied by 13C-NMR and Molecular Modelling
Authors: Lebedinskiy Konstantin , Barvík Ivan , Tošner Zdeněk , Císařová Ivana , Jindřich Jindřich , Hrdina Radim
Published: December 2023

13C-NMR spectroscopic analyses of Cs symmetric guest molecules in the cyclodextrin host cavity, combined with molecular modelling and solid-state X-ray analysis, provide a detailed description of the spatial arrangement of cyclodextrin host-guest complexes in solution.  The chiral cavity of the cyclodextrin molecule creates an anisotropic environment for the guest molecule resulting in a splitting of its prochiral carbon signals in 13C-NMR spectra.  This signal split can be correlated to the distance of the guest atoms from the wall of the host cavity and to the spatial separation of binding sites preferred by pairs of prochiral carbon atoms.  These measurements complement traditional solid-state analyses, which rely on the crystallisation of host-guest complexes and their crystallographic analysis.
The The Relationship between Intensity of Social Media and Learning with Learning Outcomes of Sociology in Ngawi Regency
Authors: Fikri Haykal Amien  , Nurhadi Nurhadi  , Septina Galih Pudyastuti
Published: December 2023

Teenagers, one of Indonesia's primary consumers, mainly access social media using smartphones. As a student, they use it freely, even when the teachers are in classes. Schools fear unlimited access to social media because the distraction could affect their scores. However, it also could bring positive change. 2019 is the year when the global pandemic crippled the world. Schools are forced to operate online with no direct supervision of the teachers. Social media could be used as an alternative teaching method in such events. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the intensity of social media use and learning related to learning outcomes. The use of social media carried out by students regardless of time affects student learning outcomes, both positively and negatively. Teachers use social media to support the value obtained by students to the maximum through utilization in learning. This study uses correlational quantitative methods with problem characteristics in the form of relationships between 2 or more correlations. The data collection techniques used were questionnaires and interviews. The analysis techniques used are normality test, linearity test, double linear regression test, and Pearson correlation test. The results obtained are: (1) a positive and significant relationship exists between the intensity of social media use and student sociology learning outcomes. (2) there is a positive and significant relationship between learning and student sociology learning outcomes. (3) there is a positive and significant relationship between the intensity of social media and learning with the sociology learning outcomes of grade XI social studies students of SMA N 1 Ngawi. The use of social media can be beneficial for students in learning and learning outcomes of student sociology
The lighting of housing estate parking spaces as a source of light pollution
Authors:   Faculty of Environmental and Power Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Ściężor Tomasz
Published: December 2023

This publication is devoted to the problem of lighting in parking spaces ina housing estate. Both aspects related to the safety of their users and thepotential impact on the natural environment through the phenomenon of lightpollution are discussed. Parking spaces are classified in terms of their purposeand lighting. It was found that half of them are insufficiently illuminated, often bylight sources originally intended to illuminate green areas or streets. As a result,the illuminance of their surface is much lower than the value specified bystandards for this type of public space. It was found that this form of outdoorlighting does not directly make a noticeable contribution to the artificial skyglow, which is the main form of light pollution. However, isolated cases ofexcessive lighting in parking spaces have been recorded. In this case, the lightreflected from the pavement or the street makes a significant contribution toartificial sky glow. It is suggested to replace the lighting in parking spaces withdedicated sets of LED or MH luminaires, which would minimise the impact ofthis lighting on the environment while ensuring the proper lighting of both thesurface and the vehicles parked on them.
El Desgaste Profesional en el Ámbito Educativo ¿Cómo Prevenirlo?
Authors: Ramos Monsivais Cynthia Lizeth , Castañón Vargas Miriam , Monge Vázquez Liliana , Almendra Andrade Yolanda
Published: December 2023

El síndrome de burnout, conocido en Latinoamerica como desgaste profesional y en el ambito educativo, como la enfermedad psicológica del docente, se define por el agotamiento, el cinismo y la ineficacia. Su impacto afecta la vida personal, profesional y social de quienes lo padecen. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar sus causas, consecuencias y las estrategias de afrontamiento que pueden ayudar a prevenirlo. Para la búsqueda de información se consultó la base de datos web of science y para el análisis el programa Atlas ti v8. Se encontró que en la actualidad las constantes y crecientes demandas y expectativas hacia los docentes es un detonante del síndrome. La reducción de prestaciones, la falta de reconocimiento, el bajo salario, un ambiente laboral tóxico y el conflicto para separar la vida personal de la laboral son otras de las causas. Como factor de prevencion se encontró que la inteligencia emocional es efectiva. Otras estrategias de afrontamiento que pueden ayudar a reducir el burnout son la práctica de la meditación, la lectura y la escritura, tener contacto con la naturaleza, dormir de 7 a 8 horas de manera diaria y reir.
Integración de la Inteligencia Artificial en la Educación
Authors: Morocho Cevallos Roberth Antonio , Cartuche Gualán Angel Patricio , Tipan Llanos Andrea Michelle , Guevara Guevara Anderson Mateo , Ríos Quiñónez María Belén
Published: December 2023

Esta investigación exploró la integración de la inteligencia artificial (IA) en la educación ecuatoriana, abordando el problema de comprender cómo esta transición afecta a diversos actores educativos. La metodología incluyó entrevistas detalladas con participantes de distintos niveles educativos, analizando sus experiencias y percepciones. Los hallazgos revelaron beneficios tangibles, como mejoras en el rendimiento académico y la participación estudiantil, atribuidos a la personalización del aprendizaje facilitada por la IA. No obstante, se identificaron desafíos significativos, destacando la brecha digital y la resistencia docente como barreras clave. Las recomendaciones se centraron en la necesidad de capacitación continua para docentes, políticas claras y la atención a consideraciones éticas y de privacidad. En conclusión, la IA en la educación ecuatoriana presenta un panorama complejo. Aunque ofrece beneficios sustanciales, la superación de desafíos críticos es esencial para una integración exitosa. Se resalta la urgencia de políticas inclusivas para abordar la brecha digital y la importancia de estrategias específicas para la aceptación docente. Este estudio proporciona una base sólida para futuras investigaciones y destaca la necesidad de un enfoque equitativo y ético en la integración de la IA en la educación ecuatoriana.
A 1 year follow-up of a molar root canal treatment using periapical radiographs and CBCT
Authors:   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Scarlatescu Sinziana Adina , Gheorghiu Irina ,   Department of Restorative Odontotherapy, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Iliescu Alexandru Andrei ,   Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Craiova, Romania, Perlea Paula ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Pricop Bogdan ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania, Pangica Anna Maria ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania, Manea Stefan ,   Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, “Titu Maiorescu” University, Bucharest, Romania
Published: December 2023

CBCT offers many significant advantages in dentistry, while the periapical radiographs provide a cheaper technique and a lower radiation compared to CT scan. The aim of this clinical case was to compare the outcome 1 year after root canal treatment, using digital periapical radiographs versus CBCT. Tooth 46 with necrotic pulp and periapical periodontitis was rotary prepared and filled using continuous wave condensation and AH Plus. X-rays and CBCT scans were made both before and after the treatment, at 1 year recall. On x-ray the lesion appeared to be healed, while on CBCT one can still see a smaller lesion, so the tooth is healing. The increased accuracy of CBCT offers the most relevant information for the outcome of endodontic treatment.
AFRO-AMERİKAN KADIN KÖLELİĞİ ÜZERİNE BİR ÇALIŞMA: JACOBS VE MORRISON’U ELEŞTİREL SÖYLEM ÇÖZÜMLEMESİ MODELİYLE YORUMLAMA
Authors: Öztürk Burcu
Published: December 2023

Afro-Amerikan yazınının önemli yazarlarından olan HarrietJacobs, Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl(1861) adlı otobiyografik eserinde siyahi bir birey olarak kendisinin ve toplumunun yaşadığı zorlukları anlatmıştır. Bir diğer önemli yazar Toni Morrison da Beloved(1987) adlı eserinde siyahi bir kadının yaşadıklarını ele alarak kendi hayatlarına dikkat çekmiştir. Çalışmanın temelini oluşturan bu iki eser, TeunvanDijk tarafından geliştirilen eleştirel söylem çözümlemesi modeliyle yorumlanmıştır. İlk olarak bu model aracılığıyla seçilen eserlerdeki ideolojik söylem alanı oluşturulmuştur. “İç Grup” ve “Dış Grup” olarak ikiye ayrılan eserdeki aktörlerin etkinlikleri, amaçları, kuralları, ilişkileri ve kaynakları şema olarak sunulmuştur. Böylece her iki eser de ana hatlarıyla karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde okura sunulmuştur. Çalışmanın ideolojik söyleminin ortaya çıkartılması için “Konular”, “Aktörler”, “Ayrıntı Derecesi”, “Yadsıma, “Kanıtsallık”, “Yeniden Anlatım”, “İroni” ve “Benzetmeler” başlığı altında her iki eserde tespit edilen örnekler detaylandırılmıştır. Kavramların tanımları yabancı kaynaklarla desteklenerek açıklanmış ve örneklerin daha net anlaşılması için zemin oluşturulmuştur. Çalışmanın sonunda Afro-Amerikan yazınından seçilen iki yazarın da aynı konulara değindiği ve ideolojik söylem olarak aynı olguyu eleştirdikleri tespit edilmiştir. Çalışma, TeunvanDijk’in bu kuramının yalnızca haber metinlerinin yorumlanmasında değil, aynı zamanda yazınsal metinlerin yorumlanmasında da uygulanabilirliği açısından önemlidir. Çünkü ideolojik söylem analizi yöntemiyle incelenen esere hâkim olan bakış açısının ortaya çıkartılması ve alt başlıklarda tespit edilen örnekler ile de eserlerin vermek istedikleri mesajların detaylandırılması mümkün kılınmıştır. Bu nedenle çalışma, özellikle bu alanda yapılacak çalışmalar için yeni bir örnek olmayı hedeflemektedir.
THOMAS BERNHARD’IN ÇOCUK VE HANS-ULRICH TREICHEL’İN KAYBOLAN ADLI ROMANLARINDA BABA TRAVMASI ETKİLERİ
Authors: Kaygın Şenay
Published: December 2023

Bu çalışmada Avusturyalı yazar Thomas Bernhard’ın otobiyografik izler taşıyan ve çocukluk anılarını kapsayan Çocuk adlı romanı ile Hans-Ulrich Treichel’in aile içindeki yabancılaşmayı ve anne, baba -çocuk üçgeninde İkinci Dünya Savaşı sırasında göç eden ailenin trajik yaşamını konu edinen Kaybolan adlı romanı baba travması etkileri açısından karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenecektir. Her iki romanın ortak noktası, çocuk figürlerin yaşamındaki üvey baba karakterlerinin varlığı ve her iki romandaki çocukların bu travmanın etkisi altında kalmış olmalarıdır. Karşılaştırmalı olarak çözümlemeye çalışacağımız söz konusu yapıtların anlatı dünyasının merkezinde çocuk anlatıcılar vardır. Bu bağlamda baba figürünün ön plana çıktığı Çocuk ve Kaybolan adlı romanlar baba-oğul ilişkisinin incelenmesi açısından önemli veriler içeren ve karşılaştırmalı bir çalışma yapılması için somut örnekler sunan yapıtlar olarak görülmektedir. Çocuğu temel alan bu iki yapıtta, çocukların dünyasındaki baba travmasının yanı sıra bu travmanın onların kişilik gelişimi üzerindeki olumsuz etkileri ve maruz kaldıkları psikolojik travma dikkat çekmektedir. Psikolojik açıdan inceleme zemini sunan her iki yapıt kişilerin ruhsal durumları açısından da ortak ve farklılaşan yönleriyle karşılaştırılarak ele alınacaktır.
Genome-wide Analysis of Plant Specific YABBY Transcription Factor Gene Family in Watermelon (Citrullus lanatus) and Arabidopsis
Authors: Nisa Mehr-ul- , Shafiq Muhammad , Manzoor Mujahid , Bilal Muhammad , Manzoor Tariq , Anees Malik Muazzam , Rizwan Muhammad , Haider Muhammad Zeeshan , Sami Adnan , Haider Muhammad Saleem
Published: December 2023

The YABBY gene family is a specific transcription factor for plants and a DNA binding domain that carries out several different functions, such as regulating the length of blooming plant styles and the polarity of lateral organ development. The YABBY gene family members were identified in the watermelon (Citrullus lanatus subsp. vulgaris var. 97103 V1) genome using a set of bioinformatics techniques. Protein motifs, protein architectures, protein sequences, miRNA targets, and tissue-specific expression patterns were all examined. All chromosomes had an uneven distribution of about eight putative YABBY genes. Inner No Outer INO, CRC (Crabs Claw), YAB2, YAB3/AFO, and YAB5 were the five subgroups that the YABBY proteins in watermelon fall within, in accordance with the accepted Arabidopsis categorization which is based on International Standards of Nomenclature. Segmental duplication was more frequent than tandem duplication, and it was predominantly responsible for the growth of the YABBY gene family in watermelon. The results of tissue-specific expression profiling of ClYAABY genes showed that the vast majority of these genes were substantially expressed in roots and seedlings. In this study, cis-regulatory element (CRE) analyses were employed to identify elements in seedlings and roots that are highly responsive to light,wound, drought, auxin, stress, salicylic acid, and abscisic acid (ABA). The findings reveal specific CREs within the promoter regions of genes associated with these responses. Five groups or sub-families have also been identified by comparing the YABBY genes in watermelon and Arabidopsis, however the CRC and YAB2 groups do not share gene pairing among the other groups. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of plant adaptability and stress response mechanisms, with implications for agriculture and plant science.
Effect of Foliar Application of Phosphorus and Zinc on Biometric and Quality Attributes of Fodder Maize in Calcareous Saline-Sodic Soils
Authors: Bashir Muhammad Amjad , Rehim Abdur , Khurshid Namra , Raza Qurat-Ul-Ain , Khurshid Hifsa , Raza Hafiz Muhammad Ali
Published: December 2023

The hot climate is the major reason to promote salt salinization and sodication, which retards the crop productivity. The increase in salt-affected soils is adversely affecting worldwide productivity. The antagonistic effect among P and Zn causes nutrient deficiency and increases under saline conditions. The present study aimed to identify the targeted influence of foliar application of P and Zn on maize biometric and fodder quality parameters under saline-sodic conditions. The experiment was based on three P (0, 1, 2, 2.5%) and Zn levels (0, 1, and 1.5%), with three replications. The study showed that P concentration in maize was improved significantly with Z1P1 (51.0%) application, followed by Z0P2 (33.15%) and Z1.5P2.5 (28.0%). The Zn concentration enhanced with Z1P0 (91.73%), followed by Z0P1 (84.45%) and Z1.5P1 (84.18%). Nitrogen concentration improved with Z1.5P2.5 (39.84%). Total mineral contents were increased with Z1.5P2 (156.71%), followed by Z0P1 (142.64%) and Z0P2 (141.99%). Crude protein concentration was improved in Z1.5P1 (39.92%), followed by Z0P2 (11.92%). Crude fat percentage was increased with Z0P2.5 (51.89%), followed by Z0P1 (34.91%) as compared to Z0P0. The study concludes that foliar application of P and Zn in saline-sodic conditions helps retard the negative impacts of salts on biometric and quality parameters of maize fodder.
‘Um exemplo para nós?’ Recepción y efectos de las Primeras Conversaciones Cinematográficas Nacionales de Salamanca (1955) en el cine portugués
Authors: DUARTE JOANA ISABEL , NIETO-FERRANDO JORGE
Published: December 2023

Las relaciones entre las cinematografías española y portuguesa han sido ampliamente analizadas en la década de los cuarenta del siglo pasado, bajo sus respectivas dictaduras. Sin embargo, apenas se han estudiado las afinidades cinematográficas entre ambos países en épocas posteriores. Este estudio expone estos vínculos a partir del análisis de la recepción y de los efectos de las Primeras Conversaciones Cinematográficas Nacionales de Salamanca (1955), hito importante en el cine español, en la cinematografía portuguesa. El análisis de las fuentes documentales demuestra una recepción en Portugal polarizada entre el rechazo por sus implicaciones políticas y la posibilidad de tomarlas como ejemplo, un similar anhelo de renovación de ambas cinematografías entre los sectores más inquietos de la cultura cinematográfica, pero, sobre todo, una clara confluencia en lo referente al movimiento cineclubista. Se constató que el I Encontro dos Cineclubes (Coimbra, 1955) se realizó con objetivos similares a los de las Conversaciones de Salamanca. Este trabajo abre la puerta a nuevas investigaciones sobre las relaciones cinematográficas entre Portugal y España desde la perspectiva transnacional.
An HST Study of the Substellar Population of NGC 2024
Authors: Robberto Massimo , Gennaro Mario , Da Rio Nicola , Strampelli Giovanni Maria , Ubeda Leonardo , Sabbi Elena , Koeppe Dana , Tan Jonathan C. , Soderblom David R.
Published: December 2023

We performed an HST/WFC3-IR imaging survey of the young stellar cluster NGC 2024 in three filters probing the 1.4 μm H2O absorption feature, characteristic of the population of low-mass and substellar-mass objects down to a few Jupiter masses. We detect 812 point sources, 550 of them in all three filters with signal-to-noise ratio greater than 5. Using a distance-independent two-color diagram, we determine extinction values as high as A

V
≃ 40. We also find that the change of effective wavelengths in our filters results in higher A

V
values as the reddening increases. Reconstructing a dereddened color–magnitude diagram, we derive a luminosity histogram both for the full sample of candidate cluster members and for an extinction-limited subsample containing the 50% of sources with A

V
≲ 15. Assuming a standard extinction law like Cardelli et al. with a nominal R

V
= 3.1, we produce a luminosity function in good agreement with the one resulting from a Salpeter-like initial mass function for a 1 Myr isochrone. There is some evidence of an excess of luminous stars in the most embedded region. We posit that the correlation may be due to those sources being younger, and therefore overluminous, than the more evolved and less extincted cluster's stars. We compare our classification scheme based on the depth of the 1.4 μm photometric feature with the results from the spectroscopic survey of Levine et al., and we report a few peculiar sources and morphological features typical of the rich phenomenology commonly encountered in young star-forming regions.