bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extraction of association rules in a diabetic dataset using parallel FP-growth algorithm under apache spark
Authors: Fakir Youssef , Khalil Salim , Fakir Mohamed
Published: October 2024

This research paper focuses on enhancing the frequent pattern growth (FP-growth) algorithm, an advanced version of the Apriori algorithm, by employing a parallelization approach using the Apache Spark framework. Association rule mining, particularly in healthcare data for predicting and diagnosing diabetes, necessitates the handling of large datasets which traditional methods may not process efficiently. Our method improves the FP-growth algorithm’s scalability and processing efficiency by leveraging the distributed computing capabilities of apache spark. We conducted a comprehensive analysis of diabetes data, focusing on extracting frequent itemsets and association rules to predict diabetes onset. The results demonstrate that our parallelized FP-growth (PFP-growth) algorithm significantly enhances prediction accuracy and processing speed, offering substantial improvements over traditional methods. These findings provide valuable insights into disease progression and management, suggesting a scalable solution for large-scale data environments in healthcare analytics.
 
Fault detection in single-hop and multi-hop wireless sensor networks using a deep learning algorithm
Authors: Padmasree Ramineni , Chaithanya Aravalli Sainath
Published: October 2024

The wireless sensor network (WSN) has received significant recognition for its positive impact on environmental monitoring, yet its reliability remains prone to faults. Common factors contributing to faults include connectivity loss from malfunctioning node interfaces, disruptions caused by obstacles, and increased packet loss due to noise or congestion. This research employs a variety of machine learning and deep learning techniques to identify and address these faults, aiming to enhance the overall lifespan and scalability of the WSN. Classification models such as support vector machine (SVM), gradient boosting clasifer (GBC), K-nearest neighbours (KNN), random forest, and decision tree were employed in model training, with the decision tree emerging as the most accurate at 90.23%. Additionally, a deep learning approach, the recurrent neural network (RNN), effectively identified faults in sensor nodes, achieving an accuracy of 93.19%.
Enhancement of liner materials based on nanomaterials to promote sustainability in noise intercourse
Authors: Kumar Malagonda Siva , Mohanraj Jayavelu
Published: October 2024

Daily usage of devices has had a major influence on lives and existence, which would be unimaginable without them. Due to this, recent gadget dependability concerns need particular attention. PCs, hand mobile phones, and other computerized household gadgets need integrated circuits (ICs). Individual components must work together to accomplish their tasks and make the circuit operate. Hot carrier effect, oxide breakdown, and other system-level problems result from accommodating several devices in a planar IC. Vertical linking active components in one IC to another IC is a common method of three-dimensional IC integration (3D-IC). The main issue with 3D-IC adoption is electrical interference to neighboring through silicon via (TSV) and active transistors, which substantially reduces system performance. The electrical TSV (ETSV) model, which employs solely electrical signal carrying TSV, and the thermal TSV (TTSV) model, which incorporates thermal TSV during simulation, are used in this research to reduce electrical interference. The electrical signal transporting TSV to the substrate and other TSV was investigated for interference. With other models, this study also shows higher frequency regimes up to 1 THz. We found that the suggested methodology improves 3D-IC development by more than 30% by reducing electrical interference from signal-carrying TSV to other TSV.
An ORSAC method for data cleaning inspired by RANSAC
Authors: Jenkins Thomas , Goodwin Autumn , Talafha Sameerah
Published: October 2024

In classification problems, mislabeled data can have a dramatic effect on the capability of a trained model. The traditional method of dealing with mislabeled data is through expert review. However, this is not always ideal, due to the large volume of data in many classification datasets, such as image datasets supporting deep learning models, and the limited availability of human experts for reviewing the data. Herein, we propose an ordered sample consensus (ORSAC) method to support data cleaning by flagging mislabeled data. This method is inspired by the random sample consensus (RANSAC) method for outlier detection. In short, the method involves iteratively training and testing a model on different splits of the dataset, recording misclassifications, and flagging data that is frequently misclassified as probably mislabeled. We evaluate the method by purposefully mislabeling subsets of data and assessing the method’s capability to find such data. We demonstrate with three datasets, a mosquito image dataset, CIFAR-10, and CIFAR-100, that this method is reliable in finding mislabeled data with a high degree of accuracy. Our experimental results indicate a high proficiency of our methodology in identifying mislabeled data across these diverse datasets, with performance assessed using different mislabeling frequencies.
An Introduction to Bayesian Approaches to Trial Design and Statistics for Stroke Researchers
Authors: Ospel Johanna M. , Brown Scott , Holodinsky Jessalyn K. , Rinkel Leon , Ganesh Aravind , Coutts Shelagh B. , Menon Bijoy , Saville Benjamin R. , Hill Michael D. , Goyal Mayank
Published: October 2024

While the majority of stroke researchers use frequentist statistics to analyze and present their data, Bayesian statistics are becoming more and more prevalent in stroke research. As opposed to frequentist approaches, which are based on the probability that data equal specific values given underlying unknown parameters, Bayesian approaches are based on the probability that parameters equal specific values given observed data and prior beliefs. The Bayesian paradigm allows researchers to update their beliefs with observed data to provide probabilistic interpretations of key parameters, for example, the probability that a treatment is effective. In this review, we outline the basic concepts of Bayesian statistics as they apply to stroke trials, compare them to the frequentist approach using exemplary data from a randomized trial, and explain how a Bayesian analysis is conducted and interpreted.
Using Music Features for Managing Revisions and Variants of Musical Scores
Authors: Grünbacher Paul , Hanl Rudolf , Linsbauer Lukas
Published: October 2024

Music engravers nowadays use music notation software to create scores for musical works. As is common in any creative process, many different versions of digital artifacts are created—e.g., to manage editions of the same musical work, editorial markups, or the history and genesis of compositions. In the field of software engineering, researchers have proposed the use of features, i.e., user-visible aspects of systems, to manage both revisions and variants of source code and other software artifacts. Feature-based version control systems establish and maintain feature-to-code mappings defining which parts of the artifacts realize particular features, e.g., which code implements a specific function. These mappings can then be used to generate new variants based on the artifacts by selecting the desired features. Our article provides an in-depth study on feature-based version control for music notation. Our automated approach adopts the domain-specific language (DSL) LilyPond and the feature-oriented version control system ECCO. Existing studies show that features in musical scores are often fine-grained and affect only small parts of an artifact, are scattered across noncontiguous locations in the artifact, and highly interact with each other. Such properties have strong implications for the usefulness of versioning tools. Our experiment investigates two factors related to the correctness of output from feature-based version control systems when used for symbolic music notation. We demonstrate the incremental refinement of feature-to-artifact mappings when committing DSL code. We further study the impact of the order of feature interactions on the correctness of the automatically generated music artifacts. We find that a larger feature interaction threshold produces only marginally more correct results, but fixing and recommitting incorrect variants has a more powerful effect. Our results further show that considering DSL specifics is important for versioning fine-grained and scattered features.
Behavior can be decoded across the cortex when individual differences are considered
Authors: Nakuci Johan , Yeon Jiwon , Kim Ji-Hyun , Kim Sung-Phil , Rahnev Dobromir
Published: October 2024

Group-level analyses have typically linked behavioral signatures to a constrained set of brain areas. Here, we show that two behavioral metrics—reaction time (RT) and confidence—can be decoded across the cortex when each individual is considered separately. Subjects (N = 50) completed a perceptual decision-making task with confidence. We built models decoding trial-level RT and confidence separately for each subject using the activation patterns in one brain area at a time after splitting the entire cortex into 200 regions of interest (ROIs). First, we developed a simple test to determine the robustness of decoding performance, which showed that several hundred trials per subject are required for robust decoding. We then examined the decoding performance at the group and subject levels. At the group level, we replicated previous results by showing that both RT and confidence could be decoded from a small number of ROIs (12.0% and 3.5%, respectively). Critically, at the subject level, both RT and confidence could be decoded from most brain regions even after Bonferroni correction (90.0% and 72.5%, respectively). Surprisingly, we observed that many brain regions exhibited opposite brain-behavior relationships across individuals, such that, for example, higher activations predicted fast RTs in some subjects but slow RTs in others. All results were replicated in a second dataset. These findings show that behavioral signatures can be decoded from a much broader range of cortical areas than previously recognized and suggest the need to study the brain-behavior relationship at both the group and subject levels.
Tangent space functional reconfigurations in individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder
Authors: Moghaddam Mahdi , Dzemidzic Mario , Guerrero Daniel , Liu Mintao , Alessi Jonathan , Plawecki Martin H. , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Kareken David A. , Goñi Joaquín
Published: October 2024

Human brain function dynamically adjusts to ever-changing stimuli from the external environment. Studies characterizing brain functional reconfiguration are, nevertheless, scarce. Here, we present a principled mathematical framework to quantify brain functional reconfiguration when engaging and disengaging from a stop signal task (SST). We apply tangent space projection (a Riemannian geometry mapping technique) to transform the functional connectomes (FCs) of 54 participants and quantify functional reconfiguration using the correlation distance of the resulting tangent-FCs. Our goal was to compare functional reconfigurations in individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). We hypothesized that functional reconfigurations when transitioning to/from a task would be influenced by family history of AUD (FHA) and other AUD risk factors. Multilinear regression models showed that engaging and disengaging functional reconfiguration were associated with FHA and recent drinking. When engaging in the SST after a rest condition, functional reconfiguration was negatively associated with recent drinking, while functional reconfiguration when disengaging from the SST was negatively associated with FHA. In both models, several other factors contributed to the functional reconfiguration. This study demonstrates that tangent-FCs can characterize task-induced functional reconfiguration and that it is related to AUD risk.
The French Debate over On the Jewish Question: From an Anachronistic Trial to the Crisis of Secularism
Authors: Couture Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2024

This article analyses the debate over an ‘antisemitic Marx’ in the French context. Since the republication of On the Jewish Question in the aftermath of the Six-Day War, the French intellectual field has seen continuous conflict between supporters of this ‘thesis’ (Mishari, Kaplan, Birnbaum) and their detractors, who are sometimes militant (J. Aron, Bensaïd) and sometimes academic (De Fontenay, Traverso), including those involved in the Grande édition Marx et Engels (Clochec). First, the article examines at length the French debate which spans over 50 years. Second, building on the insights garnered from this debate, it tackles the limits of materialist criticism of religious views. In light of the contemporary crisis of secularism in France, this problem forces Marxist and critical thinkers (Tosel, Meziane) to reassess the issue of religious minorities and their ‘assimilation’ to the ‘national majority’.
Complex Causation, Reason, Freedom: Rethinking the Politics in Hobbes
Authors: Frost Samantha
Published: October 2024

In this symposium response, I suggest that a key to thinking about the implications of Hobbes’s materialism for his arguments about ethics, politics, and law is to trace his efforts to defend complex causation. I suggest that when we read Hobbes as trying to hold onto complex causation as an ontological and epistemological fact, we have to rethink the relationship between freedom, reason, sovereignty, and the law.
Understanding Constitutional Principles for the Advancement of Digital Rights in Palestine
Authors: Qandeel Mais
Published: October 2024

Information and Communication Technologies raise new legal issues, risks and implications regarding the rights and legal protection of individuals in cyberspace. Constitutions generally protect basic rights and freedoms. Departing from the importance of constitutional protection concerning basic rights and freedoms, this article aims at assessing the constitutional and legal status of digital rights in Palestine, while considering the political and legal challenges. It studies the concept of digital rights and their protection in the Palestinian Basic Law, as constitutional norms. The article finally analyses the available constitutional remedies to address implications of the new and emerging needs to protect human rights in the cyberspace. The article argues that the existing constitutional principles should be understood broadly from a human-rights-centred approach to address risks and implications of technologies on human rights.
An updated checklist of the silica-scaled chrysophytes from Russia
Authors: KAPUSTIN DMITRY A.
Published: October 2024

The first checklist of the silica scale-bearing golden-brown algae, or chrysophytes, (Chrysophyceae: Paraphysomonadales, Chromulinales, Synurales) from Russia was compiled more than twenty years ago and contained 63 taxa. This article is an updated version of this checklist. The number of recorded taxa has increased to 201 including 25 taxa of the genus Paraphysomonas, 14 taxa of the genus Lepidochromonas, 9 taxa of the genus Chrysosphaerella, 17 taxa of the genus Spiniferomonas, 99 taxa of the genus Mallomonas, 35 taxa of the genus Synura and one species each of the genera Polylepidomonas and Neotessella. Five nomenclatural novelties are proposed: Chrysosphaerella grandibasa (Balonov) Kapustin, comb. et stat. nov., Spiniferomonas cuspidata (Balonov) Kapustin, comb. et stat. nov., Mallomonas balonovii (Voloshko) Kapustin, comb. et stat. nov., M. hualvensis (Asmund, Cronberg & Dürrschmidt) Kapustin, comb. et stat. nov. and Synura taymyrensis (Kristiansen) Kapustin, comb. et stat. nov. Mallomonas vannigera var. parallelicosta is regarded as a synonym of M. vannigera var. vannigera.
Clematis chengguensis and C. retusifolia (Ranunculaceae), both described from Shaanxi of China, are merged with C. armandi, a widely distributed species in the country
Authors: HUANG QIAO-LAN , FEI WEN-QUN , WU HAI-SONG , YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: October 2024

Based on critical observations of both herbarium specimens (including type material when available) and living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Clematis chengguensis and C. retusifolia (Ranunculaceae), both described from Shaanxi, China, are not essentially different from C. armandi in any characters, a species widely distributed in the country and morphologically highly variable. We therefore place both of them in synonymy with C. armandi herein. We also determine that the previous records of the occurrence of C. finetiana in Shaanxi have resulted from misidentifications of specimens of C. armandi. In addition, we reveal that C. armandi var. kiangnanensis, which has been previously reduced to the synonymy of C. armandi, may actually belong to C. finetiana.
Trichoderma thailandense sp. nov. (Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae), a new species from Thailand
Authors: GATETA THANAWAN , SUWANNARACH NAKARIN , KUMLA JATURONG , NUANGMEK WIPORNPAN , SEEMAKRAM WASAN , SRISAPOOMI TOTSAPORN , BOONLUE SOPHON
Published: October 2024

A new species of microfungus, described herein as Trichoderma thailandense was isolated from the pileus surface of oyster mushroom and upland black rice samples in Thailand. This species is described using morphological characteristics and molecular multi-gene analyses. Based on multi-gene phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region of the rDNA, RNA polymerase subunit II gene sequences (rpb2), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef1-α) gene revealed that the position of T. thailandense is well-supported within Harzianum clade of the genus Trichoderma, but distinct from other all other known species. A full description, illustrations and a phylogenetic tree showing the position of T. thailandense are provided.
The identity of Anemone gonggaensis (Ranunculaceae) recently described from Kangding in western Sichuan, China
Authors: FEI WEN-QUN , YUAN QIONG , YANG QIN-ER
Published: October 2024

Based on consultation of literature, examination of herbarium specimens (including type material) and observations of living plants in the wild, we demonstrate that Anemone gonggaensis (Ranunculaceae), recently described from Kangding in western Sichuan, China, is not essentially different from A. rupicola (sometimes treated as Eriocapiitella rupicola), a morphologically very distinctive species widely distributed in the Sino-Himalayan region, including Bhutan, China (western Sichuan, southern and eastern Xizang, northwestern Yunnan), northern India, Kashmir, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sikkim. We therefore place both A. gonggaensis and E. rupicola in synonymy with A. rupicola herein.
Eugenia neolatifolia, a new name for an Amazonian Myrtaceae
Authors: SOBRAL MARCOS , SOUZA MARIA ANÁLIA DUARTE DE
Published: October 2024

Eugenia neolatifolia is proposed as a replacing name for Eugenia aubletiana, an illegitimate name. Additionally, there are presented an extended description of the species, its taxonomic history and a key for distinguishing it from morphologically close species.
Four new species of the Mesolycus ilyai species group (Coleoptera: Lycidae) from China
Authors: DU RUO-LAN , YANG YU-XIA , YANG XING-KE , LIU HAO-YU
Published: October 2024

Four new species of the Mesolycus ilyai species group are described from China, namely, M. baoi sp. nov., M. latidentatus sp. nov., M. hainanensis sp. nov. and M. clausus sp. nov. The generic diagnosis of Mesolycus is summarized; and an identification key and a distribution map of the M. ilyai species group in the world is updated.
Studies on the Rhagophthalmidae (Coleoptera) from China, part II. Three new species of Diplocladon Gorham, 1883
Authors: WANG CHENG-BIN , KUNDRATA ROBIN
Published: October 2024

Three new rhagophthalmids of the genus Diplocladon Gorham, 1883 are described from China, i.e. D. maai sp. nov. from Fujian, D. nezha sp. nov. from Yunnan, and D. wukong sp. nov. from Chongqing. Diplocladon atripenne Yiu, 2017 is redescribed and first recorded from Guangdong and Guangxi. Illustrations of the habituses and diagnostic characters of all four Chinese species are provided; a key to Chinese species of Diplocladon based on males is compiled; and a map is presented to exhibit their distributions.
Taxonomic notes on Prothemus Champion (Coleoptera: Cantharidae), with descriptions of two new species from China and Vietnam
Authors: TONG HUI-QIN , LIU HAO-YU , KOPETZ ANDREAS , YANG XING-KE , YANG YU-XIA
Published: October 2024

Prothemus longiphysus Wittmer, 1995 is considered as a junior synonym of P. sanguinosus (Farimaire, 1900). Meanwhile, P. angustioripennis (Pic, 1927), originally described in Cantharis, is removed from the synonym of P. sanguinosus and reinstated as a valid species. Besides, two new species are discovered and described under the names of P. biprominens sp. nov. and P. venustiformis sp. nov. In addition, the macrophotographs of aedeagi and female internal genitalia are firstly provided for the following species: P. sanguinosus, P. purpureipennis (Gorham, 1889), P. chinensis Wittmer, 1987, P. kiukianganus (Gorham, 1889), P. limbolarius (Fairmaire, 1900) and P. monochrous (Fairmaire, 1900). A key to the Prothemus species from Nanling National Natural Reserve, China is provided.
New genus, species, and faunistic records of the tribe Ripidiini (Coleoptera: Ripiphoridae) from the mainland of China
Authors: JIANG LAN-XING , PAN ZHAO
Published: October 2024

Anatoripidius cylindricus gen. & sp. nov., a new genus and species of Ripidiinae Gerstaecker, 1855 from Guangdong, China, is described and illustrated. The new genus is distinguished from other ripidiine genera by the combined characters that include postocular ommatidia missing, mouthparts strongly reduced, 11-segmented antennae, and others dealing with hind wings, and tarsal formula. A key to the extant genera of Ripidiini from the Palaearctic and Oriental regions is presented. Furthermore, Ripidius longicollis (Schilder, 1923) is newly recorded for the mainland of China, as well as redescribed and illustrated.
Description of larvae of three Opatrini species (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Blaptinae) from China, with molecular species delimitation and diagnoses
Authors: GUO TONG-YANG , JI BAO-YUE , REN GUO-DONG , PAN ZHAO , LI XIU-MIN
Published: October 2024

Opatrini Brullé, 1832 is the most species-rich tribe in the subfamily Blaptinae Leach, 1815. In this study, a preliminary phylogenetic relationship among 14 species of five genera of Opatrini is hypothesized based on mitochondrial gene (COI) fragment. Based on the phylogenetic topology and the results of three molecular species delimitation analyses, three larval specimens are assessed for the adults. Additionally, the larvae of these three species are described and illustrated: Gonocephalum bilineatum (Walker, 1858), Gonocephalum gracile (Bates, 1879), and Mesomorphus latiusculus Chatanay, 1917.
Notes on the genus Taiwanolagria Masumoto, with a new species from China (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Lagriinae)
Authors: ZHOU YONG , YAN JIE , CHEN BIN
Published: October 2024

The genus Taiwanolagria Masumoto is reviewed with two species, Taiwanolagria reni sp. nov. and Taiwanolagria merkli Masumoto, 1988. The new species from China can be diagnosed by the gently depressed male profemora, the expanded male metatibiae with basal tuft. Morphological comparisons of habitus, aedeagus, and diagnostic features of the two species are illustrated.
Identification and morphological description of the larva of Uloma (Uloma) excisa excisa Gebien, 1914 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Ulomini)
Authors: LIU SHAN-SHAN , JI BAO-YUE , LIU LAN-FANG , REN GUO-DONG
Published: October 2024

The larva of Uloma (Uloma) excisa excisa Gebien, 1914, from southern China, is associated with the adult by using molecular phylogenetic analyses based on mtDNA COI sequences. The morphological characteristics of the larva of this species are described and illustrated in detail for the first time. A key to the larvae of three Chinese Uloma species is provided.
New species and new records of Xylosandrus Reitter, 1913 (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae: Xyleborini) from China
Authors: LIN WEI , LIAO YONG-LIN , LI YOU , SMITH SARAH M. , YU YA-LI , GAO LEI
Published: October 2024

Two new species of ambrosia beetles Xylosandrus Reitter, 1913 (Scolytinae: Xyleborini), Xylosandrus luokengensis Lin & Gao sp. nov. and Xylosandrus nanlingensis Lin & Gao sp. nov., from Guangdong Province, South China are described. Xylosandrus trunculus Park & Smith, 2020 is reported from China for the first time, and provincial records of all known Xylosandrus are provided.
Family-level diversity of Coleoptera (Insecta) from the Nanling Mountains and the Greater Bay Area, China
Authors: LIU ZHENHUA , LI ZHIQIANG
Published: October 2024

Coleoptera comprise 198 families and over 440,000 species to date, of which 143 families and over 35,000 species are known in China. Of these, only 64 families have been recorded in Guangdong Province, fewer than in Hong Kong. To investigate the insect diversity of Guangdong, numerous specimens were collected from the Nanling Mountains and the Greater Bay Area using various methods, and over 200,000 specimens of Coleoptera were assigned to families. Thus, a preliminary study of beetles at the family-level in Guangdong is carried out based on the examined specimens and historical records. An updated checklist of beetle families in Guangdong increases the number of families from 64 to 111, in which Eupsilobiidae is recorded for the first time in China and a new species, Eidoreus haizhuensis sp. nov. is described here, demonstrating the importance of persistent collecting with different methods for the study of insect diversity. Habitus images of most of the beetle families occurring in Guangdong are provided. And the updated records are compared in detail with the published records, showing that more families may potentially be found in Guangdong, requiring further field work and taxonomists working on niche groups.
Notes on Arthrotus Motschulsky, 1857 from Nanling region of China (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), with descriptions of two new species
Authors: SHEN JIAN , YANG HAI-DONG , DING CHANG-PING , YANG MEI-XIA
Published: October 2024

Seventeen species of Arthrotus Motschulsky, 1857 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from the Nanling area of China are reviewed, including two new species: A. hamatus sp. nov. and A. oculatus sp. nov., and one newly recorded species for China: A. kalimponganus Kimoto, 2004. Illustrations of the habitus and external genitalia of the new species are provided, and a key to the species of Arthrotus from Nanling region is given.
Revision of Euliroetis Ogloblin, 1936 (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Galerucinae) from China, with descriptions of two new species
Authors: FENG CHUAN , HUANG ZHENG-ZHONG , YANG XING-KE , GE SI-QIN
Published: October 2024

In this study, based on the examination of type specimens, the morphology of male and female genitalia and additional body characters, the leaf-beetle genus Euliroetis is taxonomically revised. Five Chinese species of Euliroetis are redescribed, a new synonymy is proposed: E. nigrinota Gressitt et Kimoto, 1963 = E. simulonigrinota Yang, 1992, syn. nov., and two new species are described: E. testacea Feng et Yang, sp. nov. and E. tenuis Feng et Yang, sp. nov. Additionally, photographs of all male adults and genitalia, female genitalia, line drawings of all males' abdomens, and a key to species of Euliroetis is provided.
Two new species of the genus Mataeopsephus Waterhouse, 1876 (Coleoptera: Psephenidae) from Guizhou, China
Authors: JIANG RI-XIN , CHEN XIANG-SHENG
Published: October 2024

Two new species of the genus Mataeopsephus Waterhous are described: M. fanjingshanus sp. nov. and M. zhaomingzhii sp. nov. both from Guizhou Province, China. A revised key to the species of all known Mataeopsephus species is provided.
Design and Fabrication of a Novel Commercial Baking Oven
Authors: Akinwonmi Ademola
Published: October 2024

This study presents the design and fabrication of a novel wood-fired commercial oven for baking bread. The oven design features an external combustion chamber with heating elements which comprise stainless-steel pipes filled with magnesia starting from the combustion chamber to the 3 oven compartments. Each compartment has 12 heating elements laid under a mild steel sheet metal where the dough mould and its content is placed. Heat loss due to conduction, radiation and convection was prevented by the use of a double wall in both oven and combustion chamber compartments with silica brick and fibre glass respectively, and the oven was fired with wood to bake some dough. Findings showed that maximum temperature attainable by the oven was 700°C, however, the temperature required for baking bread is between 150°C and 180°C and the time was 25 minutes, the quantity of heat generated per time using 10 kg of wood was about 15,088 KJ. Furthermore, the physical appearance of the products was examined to meet consumers’ requirement and a total of 400 bread of 180 mm × 120 mm × 80 mm dimensions can be baked at a time. With slight modifications in the oven design, this number can be improved. The oven can be fired with other types of solid biofuels and can be used for metallurgical furnace applications like annealing, tempering and other heat treatments of metals.
Using Machine Learning Techniques to Predict Significant Wave Height Compared with Parametric Methods
Authors: Salah Hassan , Elbessa Mohamed
Published: October 2024

Prediction of Sea Wave parameters is an important issue as it is the main design factor for maritime structures. Previously, researchers have used many parametric and numerical approaches, which may be complex in application, take a long time in preparation and sometimes require a bathymetric survey. Recently, soft computing techniques such as Fuzzy Inference Systems, Genetic Algorithm, Machine Learning, etc. have been used to predict sea wave parameters in many marine areas around the world. The ease of application, high accuracy and low computational time of these techniques make them a very good choice in many engineering applications. This study focuses on prediction of significant wave height (Hs) by applying one of the most advanced Machine Learning techniques known as Support Vector Machine (SVM). SVM models are built on the basis of different Kernel functions (Linear, Sigmoid, Radial Basis Function, and Polynomial) which transform the input data into an n-dimensional space where a hyperplane can be generated to partition the data. The results of SVM models are analyzed, evaluated and then compared with the results of commonly used parametric models (P-M, SPM, and CEM). This study shows that the P-M model has reliable and satisfactory results among all parametric models, as its statistical errors are close to those of SVM models (RBF and Polynomial), while all of them are identical in their correlation factors (0.999). Moreover, the parametric models (SPM and CEM) are more accurate in their results than the SVM models (Linear and Sigmoid). Also, this study confirms that the SVM models (RBF and polynomial) are the most accurate models overall, as they have the best generalization error among all models. Finally, it can be concluded that SVM models (RBF and Polynomial) are a promising technique in the sea wave height prediction and can be used as an economic and accurate alternative solution to other prediction models.
Development of Laminated Egg-Shaped Tsunami Shelter Structure Made of Steel-Cushioning-Steel
Authors: Hou Junfu , Chen Li , Kong Chenghai , Guan Jingchao , Zhao Wei , Zhao Xilu
Published: October 2024

When a tsunami is caused by an earthquake or other event, spherical shelters are developed to protect people from the tsunami. This study proposes a new egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter with a buffer layer to improve the functionality of traditional spherical shelters. The inner and outer shells of this shelter are made from thin-walled stainless steel, using the integral hydro bulge forming (IHBF) process. The space between these two layers was filled with urethane foam, providing an elastic buffer. This resulted in a laminated egg-shaped structure designed for tsunami protection. To verify the proposed laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter and its processing method, an egg-shaped shell with an external shape (length 660 mm, width 493 mm) was fabricated using a 1.0 mm thick stainless plate, and a laminated egg-shaped tsunami shelter with a 25 mm thick intermediate layer made of urethane foam was fabricated. The shape accuracy of the processed egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelter structure was measured, and the maximum error between the surface shape of the molded egg-shaped shell and the true egg shape was -4.13 mm, and the relative error to the maximum radius of the egg shape of 246.5 mm was -1.68%. In addition, to assess the buffering effect under external impact loads, acceleration sensors were attached to both the inner and outer layers of the fabricated egg-shaped laminated tsunami shelters. A hammer was used to apply an impact load to the outer layer, and the response acceleration values recorded by the sensors on both layers were compared. It was found that the response acceleration of the inner layer was 15.81% lower than that of the outer layer.
The Prevalence and Related Factors of Hearing Loss Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses
Authors: Tao Yueqing , Zhang Haozhe , Wang Dongming , Li Wenzhen
Published: October 2024

Objectives:

We aimed to estimate the global prevalence of hearing loss among adults and to explore its associated factors.

Methods:

Our systematic review was conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis statement (PRISMA). We retrieved corresponding documents published up to Sep 24, 2021 in PubMed and Web of Science. Random-effects models were used to calculate the pooled prevalence of hearing loss. Subgroup analyses were conducted to explore potential heterogeneity.

Results:

The pooled prevalence of any hearing loss across 100 studies was 31.0% (95% CI: 26.9-35.1, P < .001, I2 = 99.9%), and the pooled prevalence of disabling hearing loss across 34 studies was 15.9% (95% CI: 11.1-20.7, P < .001, I2 = 99.9%). The prevalence of hearing loss was higher in the year range of 2000 to 2009, among the elder (≥70) or males, in studies using either ear side of hearing loss definition or in the region of the Americas. Ear disease or surgery, job noise exposure, current smoking, off-work noise exposure, males, cardiovascular disease, past drinking, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, older age, and past smoking are risk factors of hearing loss while education level surpasses high school acts as a protect factor for hearing.

Conclusion:

Our results demonstrate high prevalence of hearing loss among adults worldwide and verify several related factors of the disease. Prevention and intervention measures should be implemented.
Examining cultural background and the protective effect of marriage on alcohol use disorder in Sweden
Authors: Salvatore Jessica E , Larsson Lönn Sara , Chartier Karen G , Sundquist Jan , Kendler Kenneth S , Sundquist Kristina
Published: October 2024

Background

Little is known about whether the protective effect of marriage on alcohol use disorder (AUD) varies by cultural background.

Aims

Using Swedish national data, we examined whether marriage is associated with a stronger reduction in AUD risk among Swedes of a Swedish background (i.e. those with two Swedish-born parents) compared to Swedes with a foreign background (i.e. one or two foreign-born parents) and whether the protective effect of marriage depends on whether the spouse has a Swedish or foreign background.

Method

Among those born in Sweden 1960 to 1990 (3,093,439; 49% female), associations between cultural background and AUD registration during marriage were estimated with Cox models. Analyses of intra- and intermarriage on AUD registration were examined with Cox models and limited to groups of focal individuals for which there was sufficient statistical power, which included Swedes with two Swedish-born parents, two Finnish-born parents, or bicultural background (one Swedish and one foreign-born parent). Models were sex stratified.

Results

Marriage was associated with reductions in AUD risk among those with Swedish and with foreign backgrounds, though less protective for males of Finnish versus Swedish background as indicated by a significant interaction between marital status and parental region of birth, HR = 0.80, 95% CI [0.71, 0.90]. Marriage was also less protective for those with a bicultural versus Swedish background, HRmales = 0.87, 95% CI [0.81, 0.92] and HRfemales = 0.88, 95% CI [0.81, 0.97]. Among those of Swedish background, marriage to a spouse with a foreign versus Swedish background was associated with increased risk of AUD, HRmales = 1.26, 95% CI [1.19, 1.34] and HRfemales = 1.20, 95% CI [1.10, 1.31]. This risk was diminished when family-level confounders (genes, rearing environment) were controlled for.

Conclusions

The protective effect of marriage depends on cultural background, with some evidence that increased risks associated with a spouse’s foreign background are confounded by family-level factors.
Attitudes toward partner violence in men: An evaluation in terms of narcissism and attachment style in Turkey
Authors: Keskin Gülseren , Aslan Melike
Published: October 2024

Background:

Intimate partner violence is quite common around the world.

Aim:

This study aims to determine the attitudes toward partner violence in men and to evaluate their attitudes toward violence according to narcissistic characteristics and attachment styles.

Method:

This study was conducted using descriptive cross-sectional methods. Data has been collected by using The Experiences in Intimate Relationship Inventory (EIRI), The Pathological Narcissism Inventory (PNI), and Attitude Scales Toward Dating Violence (ASTDV).

Results:

There was a positive correlation between the PSV and PV of ASTDV in the anxiety sub-dimension of the EIRI-2 ( r = .283, p < .05; r = .262, p < .05) and a negative correlation with PSV and PV in the avoidance sub-dimension ( r = −.656, p < .05; r = −.656, p < .05). PSV and PV sub-dimension of ASTDV and PNI’s expectations of being noticed ( r = .423, p < .05; r = .313, p < .05), fragile self ( r = .256, p < .05; r = .154, p < .05), self-sacrifice ( r = .186, p < .05; r = .106, p < .05), grandiose dreams ( r = −.217, p < .05; r = −.109, p < .05).

Conclusion:

In this study, it was determined that attitudes toward psychological and physical violence in men were directly related to anxious attachment, pathological narcissism, expectations of being noticed, fragile self, grandiose dreams, and self-sacrifice. Increasing the duration of the relationship with the partner, living in a village or town, having more siblings, having a father with a low level of education, and having a mental disorder under treatment constitute a risk for increasing positive attitudes toward psychological and physical violence in men.
Were the tables of Ibn Isḥāq al-Tūnisī known in Paris c.1300?
Authors: Nothaft C. Philipp E.
Published: October 2024

Two Latin sources from the years around 1300 (John of Sicily’s commentary on the canons to the Toledan tables and a parchment slip documenting the astronomical activities and observations of Alard of Diest) contain brief references suggesting that Parisian scholars of this period had access to a set of astronomical tables for Tunis known as tabulae Benesac. According to the argument developed in this article, the tables in question probably corresponded to a Maghribī zīj originally created by Ibn Isḥāq al-Tūnisī in c.1222. The article goes on to discuss the possible channels of transmission that could have brought these tables to Paris as well as the potential implications of this finding for the history of Latin astronomy in the late 13th and early 14th century. Attention is also drawn to the presence of eclipse-related material from the Muqtabas zīj by Ibn al-Kammād in a Northern French manuscript of the second half of the 13th century, which was independently translated from the Arabic and accordingly does not derive from the well-known translation by John of Dumpno (Palermo, 1260).
Shit Has to Change, Right? A Call for “Good Trouble” in Tourism
Authors: Benjamin Stefanie , Lee Kai-Sean , Boluk Karla
Published: October 2024

Burnt out, frustrated, and fed up with the glorification of publishing in the tourism academy, the authors in this critical viewpoint touch on counter-ideologies rarely acknowledged within the academy. We discuss the toxicity of publication glorification, systemic racism of the scientific community, the eugenic roots of statistical analysis, and how they may lead to our tourism academy’s downfall and eventual demise. Drawing inspiration from Saldaña’s rant as a method of inquiry and provocation, our letter invites readers to confront the uncomfortable truths about our cult-ish publication norms, imperial and colonial roots of our research methods, and the academy’s complicity in perpetuating inequities. We conclude with a rebellious call for radical change, a new “social justice turn” which includes a list of “shit that has to change” and the building of a coalition of “good troublemakers” in the tourism academy.
Letter From the Co-Editor: Yes, “Shit’s Got to Change.” But How? A Call for a Deep Scholarship Social Movement
Authors: Gard-McGehee Nancy
Published: October 2024

This letter from the editor is in response to Benjamin et al.'s (2024) call to action surrounding the structures and systems of the tourism academy. It recommends a social movements approach as a possible framework for taking next steps. This Deep Scholarship Movement suggests (1) identifying and assembling key leadership change agents with diverse viewpoints, (2) enhancing self-efficacy, increasing consciousness-raising, and maximizing resource mobilization, the three primary components of successful social movements, and using them to work toward (3) community consensus building. These are challenging and daunting recommendations. This letter argues, however, that this or some other systemic, organized approach is necessary for those of us in varying aspects of leadership to clear the way and establish deeper, richer, more inclusive and less oppressive environments for our early-and mid-career colleagues.
Exploring the perceptions and experiences of diabetes management and self-regulation in young adults using a continuous glucose monitoring device
Authors: Serfontein Riana , Deacon Elmari , Botha Karel
Published: October 2024

Young adults face many pressures as they start being independent and responsible for their own actions and decisions. The use of continuous glucose monitoring has been shown to improve medical outcomes in diabetes management, but the mechanism of these improvements needs further investigation. This study aimed to examine the self-regulatory experiences and behaviours of a group of young adults using continuous glucose monitoring to manage type 1 diabetes. An exploratory qualitative approach was taken, using six virtual semi-structured interviews with young adults living with type 1 diabetes and using continuous glucose monitoring. A thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the gathered data. In this study, three themes demonstrated reciprocal determinism in that the observation of the continuous glucose monitoring results led to changes in the behaviours of the participants. The concepts of feedback and feedforward were also evident in the information provided by continuous glucose monitoring and the adjustment of the participants to achieve their personal blood glucose goals. The results of this study thus support the fact that self-regulation of those living with type 1 diabetes can be improved using continuous glucose monitoring as a tool for observation of blood glucose fluctuations and can, as a result, lead to changes in diabetes management behaviours and health outcomes. Continuous glucose monitoring provides the opportunity to observe the consequences of diabetes management behaviours, which activates the self-regulation processes of feedback and feedforward. This process has the potential to improve diabetes management behaviours in this vulnerable group.
Expansion and Exploration of the Superdiffuser Model With Agent-Based Modeling
Authors: Carpenter Christopher J. , Cruz Shannon M. , Reynolds Reed M.
Published: October 2024

The superdiffuser model predicts that the diffusion of a new behavior can be accelerated if superdiffusers (people who are connectors, persuaders, and mavens) are recruited to promote the behavior. We propose an expanded model where the importance of these traits varies by network structure and other network member characteristics. We assessed the plausibility of these proposed moderators using a simulation of an agent-based model in which each moderator was varied along with the superdiffuser traits of those initially seeded with the behavior. Analysis of the results of those simulations showed support for many, but not all, of the predictions as well as several surprising results that are suggestive for future empirical research.
Mitigating Cognitive Bias to Improve Organizational Decisions: An Integrative Review, Framework, and Research Agenda
Authors: Fasolo Barbara , Heard Claire , Scopelliti Irene
Published: October 2024

The detrimental influence of cognitive biases on decision-making and organizational performance is well established in management research. However, less attention has been given to bias mitigation interventions for improving organizational decisions. Drawing from the judgment and decision-making (JDM) literature, this paper offers a clear conceptualization of two approaches that mitigate bias via distinct cognitive mechanisms—debiasing and choice architecture—and presents a comprehensive integrative review of interventions tested experimentally within each approach. Observing a lack of comparative studies, we propose a novel framework that lays the foundation for future empirical research in bias mitigation. This framework identifies decision, organizational, and individual-level factors that are proposed to moderate the effectiveness of bias mitigation approaches across different contexts and can guide organizations in selecting the most suitable approach. By bridging JDM and management research, we offer a comprehensive research agenda and guidelines to select the most suitable evidence-based approach for improving decision-making processes and, ultimately, organizational performance.
Containment and Leakage: Notes on a General Containerology
Authors: Pyyhtinen Olli , Zavos Stylianos
Published: October 2024

In the article, we set out to develop the contours of a general containerology, interrogating containment as a technology and an ontological condition that shapes human and more-than-human relations. While exploring containment technologies as spatio-temporal devices of ordering vis-à-vis leakage, we nevertheless stress how containment inevitably remains contextual, provisional, and leaky at best. Addressing the selective permeability of containers, we also discuss the relation between contained interiorities and exteriorities as processes of articulations between milieus. We problematise the opposition and incommensurability between containment and leakage, and instead insist on conceiving them as co-constitutive. Ultimately, we outline an affirmative, positive take on containment beyond exclusionary inclusion, in contrast to prevailing negative conceptions and practices.