bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring students' knowledge in issues of community-acquired pneumonia. Results of the KNOCAP-I project
Authors:   FSBEI HE Mari State University, FSAEI HE Belgorod National Research University, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Bontsevich R. A. , Vodyakhina A. Ya. ,   FSAEI HE Belgorod National Research University, Ketova G. G. ,   FSBEI HE South Ural State Medical University, Maksimov M. L. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, FSAEI HE Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia
Published: October 2024

The paper presents the results of the first phase of the KNOCAP project among students, studying the degree of their training in the issues of diagnosis and pharmacotherapy of communityacquired pneumonia.
Prospects for using systemic magnetotherapy in treatment of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Authors:   FSBEI HE ", Skvortsov N.G. ,   Samara State Medical University",   of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Zimichev A.A. ,   FSBEI HE "Samara State Medical University" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Samara, Zasedatelev I.O. ,   Medical University "Reaviz", Samara, Zasedatelev D.O. ,   Medical University "Reaviz", Samara, Mirzoev D.D. ,   Clinic "A2MD", Samara
Published: October 2024

This article discusses the results of treatment of BPH with systemic magnetotherapy. The study included 206 patients diagnosed with BPH on the basis of the urological department of the Medical Company "Moya Nauka". For a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the tactics, the following indicators were selected: the volume of the prostate gland according to TRUS, uroflowmetry, the post-void residual, and the levels of IPSS and PSA. It has been determined that the volume of the prostate gland tends to decrease after the use of systemic magnetotherapy. The post-void residual, IPSS scores, and PSA levels reduce as well. The rate of uroflowmetry increases approaching the normal value.
Some etiological features of spontaneous abortions (literature review)
Authors:   FSBEI HE Mari State University, Danilova M. S. , Bontsevich R. A. ,   FSBEI HE Mari State University, FSAEI HE Belgorod National Research University, Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Maksimov M. L. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the FSBEI CPE Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education,
Published: October 2024

The review article examines some etiological features of spontaneous abortions. There are many mechanisms of this pathology, and the article presents some of them: a shift in the balance of decidual natural killer cells (dNK), natural killer T (NKT) cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs), monocytes, macrophages, lymphocytes, and dendritic cells at the fetal-maternal border. There are several pathologies associated with Tregs: expression of soluble Tim-3, imbalance between Th1/Th2 cells and Th17/Tregs at different stages of pregnancy. Spontaneous abortions are associated with defects in fetal sHLA class I, which affect placental vessels and maternal immune cells through dNK and INF-γ, as well as defects in decidual cells, which are precursors of immune cells at the fetal-maternal border. The B7‑H4 protein, a regulator of T cell activity, also plays an important role. In addition, some researchers have noted the presence of immune reactions against the Y chromosome of the fetus. Poorly studied mechanisms of spontaneous abortions are defective LIF and CD95/CD95 ligand system.
Combination of pericardial celomic cyst and thymus cyst
Authors:   Andijan State Medical Institute, Nazarov N. N. , Madazimov M. M. ,   Andijan State Medical Institute, Makhmudov A. L. ,   FANOMED Clinic, Andijan, Republic of Uzbekistan, Turgunboev A. A. ,   Andijan State Medical Institute, Nazirdzhonov I. Kh-A. N. ,   FANOMED Clinic, Andijan, Republic of Uzbekistan
Published: October 2024

The combination of the pericardial celomic cyst and the thymus cyst represent a rare group of diseases. Clinical diagnosis of the pericardial and thymus gland formations is complex, as the patient’s symptoms may be non-specific, associated with concomitant pathology. Although a diagnostic examination often begins with chest X-rays, it may not be informative and requires CT and MRI of the thorax to visualize the entire pericardium and thymus. Brief information on the etiology and pathogenesis of these diseases is given; clinical statistics on the frequency of occurrence of thymus cysts and pericardial cysts in different age groups are used as an example. The results of observation and analysis of literary sources have established that thoracoscopic removal of the thymus cyst and tumors is a priority in terms of effective diagnosis and is justified as minimally invasive and efficient surgical treatment in this combination of pathologies.
Bone and joint infections. Algorithms of antibiotic therapy in surgical practice
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Zvegintseva А. А. , Maksimov M. L. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Ermolaeva А. S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Krylova К. Е. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Published: October 2024

Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, etc. are serious medical conditions that require prompt and effective treatment. Without proper intervention, these infections can lead to significant complications, including chronic pain, deformity, loss of function, and even systemic complications such as sepsis. Antibiotic therapy plays a k ey role in the management of these infections making it possible to prevent serious complications, preser ve limb function, reduce treatment costs, and improve clinical outcomes. The ar ticle discusses the basic principles and algorithms for antibacterial treatment of infection in the given localization, taking into account modern clinical recommendations and standards of pharmacotherapy. Timely diagno - sis and adequate treatment can reduce the risk of complications and improve the prognosis in patients with bone and joint infections. The rational use of antibiotics is also a par t of the fight against developing microbial resistance, which is of great importance for public health.
Antibiotic therapy for skin and soft tissue infections. current algorithms
Authors:   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Maksimov M. L. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow,, Zvegintseva А. А. ,   Kazan State Medical Academy — Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Continuing Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Ermolaeva А. S. ,   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education «I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University» of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University)
Published: October 2024

Antibiotic therapy for infectious lesions of the skin and soft tissues requires a careful approach to ensure the effectiveness of treatment and prevent the development of resistance. The article discusses the basic principles and algorithms of antibacterial treatment for skin and soft tissue infections, taking into account modern clinical recommendations and standards of pharmaco - therapy. The initial choice of antibiotic is of ten based on the t ypical pathogens associated with the infection (most commonly Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes). If MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) or other resistant microorganisms are suspected, they must be taken into account in the choice of initial therapy. A fter receiving the results of culture studies and determining the sensitivit y of microorganisms, therapy should be adjusted. It is essential to maintain the antibiotic concentration at a level sufficient to eliminate the infection and prevent recurrence. The choice of antibiotic should take into account the side effects and possible interactions with other drugs.
How does the Naiyāyika move many fingers at once: A Nyāya theory of Action
Authors: Fernandes Joshua
Published: October 2024

In the Tattvacintāmaṇi, the Nyāya stalwart Gaṅgeśa (14th century CE) engages in a debate with a Mīmāṃsaka, for whom the manas is ubiquitous while it is atomic for the Naiyāyika. Ubiquitous and atomic substances are both partless. Ubiquitous substances are actionless while atomic ones move. The Mīmāmsaka asks a question on action: if the manas is atomic, then the actions of the body would be absurdly restricted to a bodily region that is also atomic. Or, if it pervades the entire body, parts that have no intention to be acted upon would also act. They ask how we are able to move all our fingers and toes at the same time. Gaṅgeśa offers two related responses, one to introduce desire (cikīrṣa) as the regulator for movement within the body. Second, he says that effort is limited by where the effect of bodily action is seen. Phillips and Tatacharya (2009) have argued that Gaṅgeśa’s responce is unsatisfactory for his shift from manas to desire implies ambiguity in Gaṅgeśa’s reasoning. Picking from an objection Uddyotakara (6th century CE) raises on Pakṣilasvāmin Vātsyāyana’s (4th century CE) reading to Nyāya Sūtra 3.1.8-11, on whether the visual sense faculties are one or two, it will be argued that the atomic manas still plays a role in bodily actions. While Vātsyāyana argues that the sense organs are two, Uddyotakara points out that an atomic manas cannot come into contact with two visual faculties at once and concludes that it is one. I attempt to show the relation between the two debates and how the conceptual reconstruction answers some of Mīmāmsaka's questions.
Disjointed Unison: Bodily Porousness and Subversion in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament
Authors: Attari Sadegh
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes that performance in the Croxton Play of the Sacrament may have had the potential to subvert the purported distinction between Jewish and Christian bodies.
Micro- and Macrovascular Complications of Type 2 Diabetes in Southern Iran
Authors: Khanjani Saba , Keshavarz Fatemeh , Zoghi Ghazal , Kheirandish Masoumeh
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is one of the most common diseases worldwide, imposing a great burden on the community by its complications. This study evaluates micro-and macrovascular complications of T2DM and the associated factors in the south of Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on T2DM patients referred to the Diabetes Clinic of Shahid Mohammadi Hospital in Bandar Abbas City, Iran, in 2018. Patients’ age, sex, marital status, smoking status, diabetes medications, cardiovascular disease, and duration of T2DM were recorded. Weight, height, and blood pressure were measured and body mass index was calculated for every participant. Also, all patients were evaluated regarding diabetes complications, including retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy. Serum fasting plasma glucose (FPG), lipid profile, glycated hemoglobin, creatinine levels as well as urinary albumin were also measured in the patients. Results: Of the 263 T2DM patients included in the current study with a mean age of 55.32±13.09 years, 109 (41.4%) were male. The most common T2DM complications were chronic kidney disease (CKD) (49.8%) and nephropathy (36.5%), followed by neuropathy (30.8%), retinopathy (19%) and ischemic heart disease (8.7%). Elevated systolic blood pressure was significantly correlated with the presence of all complications. Patients with ischemic heart disease, CKD, neuropathy, and retinopathy were significantly older than subjects without such complications. Diabetes was significantly more prolonged in patients with ischemic heart disease and CKD. Elevated FPG was only correlated with CKD (P=0.019) and nephropathy (P=0.003), while increased glycated hemoglobin and decreased high-density lipoprotein were significantly associated with retinopathy (P=0.050 and P=0.001, respectively). Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between elevated urinary albumin with retinopathy and neuropathy. Discussion: Diabetic kidney disease was the most common complication of T2DM in the current study. Increased systolic blood pressure is the most important risk factor for the development of diabetic complications.
Investigating Platelet Count in Children With Chronic Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Authors: Salajegheh Pouria , Sarmadian Roham , Gilani Abolfazl , Jahantighi Zaboli Noushin , Maleki Elham , Yazdi Farzaneh
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an immune-mediated disease associated with immune dysregulation and autoantibody production. Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D has a protective effect against autoimmune diseases. As vitamin D deficiency has been identified in the majority of children with chronic ITP, this study evaluates the effects of vitamin D supplementation on the platelet count of such children. Methods: This was a quasi-clinical trial study and the study population consisted of children with chronic ITP who were referred to Afzalipur Hospital in Kerman City, Iran, from August 2020 to September 2021. All patients' vitamin D levels were measured and subjects with levels below 30 mg/dL were treated while the remaining children received the standard vitamin D supplementation. Subsequently, after a 3 and 9-month interval, patients’ vitamin D levels and platelet counts were assessed. Results: As a result, the mean serum vitamin D level increased significantly from 21.34±5.87 mg/dL to 34.25±5.64 mg/dL throughout the study. The mean serum platelet count was 18085.71±1292.10 µL at the start of the trial, 26628.57±1727.72 µL after 3 months, and 32114.28±1127.77 µL after 9 months, which showed a significant increase. Discussion: In conclusion, vitamin D boosts platelet count in chronic ITP patients. Thus, all children with chronic ITP should be evaluated and treated for vitamin D insufficiency.
The Effect of Exercise and Sildenafil on Brain-derived Neurotrophic Factor and Tropomyosin Kinase B Receptor in the Hippocampal of Alzheimer's Rats
Authors: Nameni Farah , Abedin Islami Mohammad Hassan , Hofmeister Martin
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder with the formation of amyloid β plaques in the brain. This study investigates the effects of a resistance training course with sildenafil supplementation on brain-derived neurotrophic factor and tropomyosin receptor kinase B in the hippocampal tissue of rats with Alzheimer disease. Methods: A total of 40 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups. Alzheimer induction was performed with β-amyloid peptides 1-14. Rats performed resistance training 5 sessions per week for six weeks. Sildenafil was injected intraperitoneally. Then, 72 h after the last training session, the hippocampus of the rats was extracted. The results of the analysis of variance showed a significant difference between brain-derived neurotrophic factor mRNA and tropomyosin receptor kinase B mRNA (P≤0.001). Results: The results of the Bonferroni post hoc test showed a significant difference between the control group and the experimental groups. Discussion: Training and sildenafil supplementation groups performed better in the Morris water maze cognitive test compared to other groups. Resistance training and sildenafil supplementation, by synergizing their effects, can increase tropomyosin receptor kinase B, the expression of neurotrophin genes, and hippocampal receptors; in addition, they are effective in the development of cognitive activity and memory.
Investigating Psychological Problems in Parents of Children With Congenital Heart Diseases: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Rajaei Shahrokh , Namazi Sholeh , Seddighi Narjes , Kamyab Zahra , Hosseini Teshnizi Saeed , Khajeh Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Objectives: Depressive disorder is the second biggest health problem worldwide regarding disability caused by the disease. It is necessary to identify factors influencing the occurrence of depression, especially in parents whose children have an underlying disease. Accordingly, this study investigates the prevalence of depression in parents of children with congenital heart disease (CHD). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021-2022 via the available sampling method on 88 parents of children under 12 years old with CHD, confirmed by a pediatric cardiologist. The Beck questionnaire was used to record the level of depression. Analysis of quantitative data was done with the independent sample t-test and analysis of variance. Statistical analysis was performed in the SPSS software, version 26. Results: In this study, the mean age of the participants was 36.31±6.1 years, of which 59.1% were women. The result of the study showed that 51.1% of parents had children with CHD without depression, 22.7% had mild depression, 21.6% had moderate depression, and 4.5% had severe depression. Also, the findings of our study showed that the mean score of depression in people under 40 years old, in women, and in persons with a history of depression was significantly higher than in other people. However, the mean score of depression had no statistically significant difference based on the history of underlying disease, smoking, history of addiction, education, and type of CHD. Discussion: Depression in parents of children with CHD has a high prevalence, which requires increasing the mental healthcare of parents during the period of children’s involvement, and with proper treatment improved the mental health of parents.
The Application of Photobiomodulation and Stem Cells Seeded on the Scaffold Accelerates the Wound Healing Process in Mice
Authors: Hajihosseintehrani Masoumeh , Amini Abdollah , Heidari Mohammadhossein , Gholipourmalekabadi Mazaher , Fadaei Fathabady Fatemeh , Mostafavinia Atarodalsadat , Ahmadi Houssein , Khodadadi Maryam , Naser Reza , Zare Fateme , Alizadeh Sanaz , Moeinian Nafiseh , Chien Sufan , Bayat Mohammad
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The purpose of this research was to test the impact of seeding a hydrogel chitosan scaffold (HCS) with human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs) under the influence of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the remodeling step on the wound repairing process in mice. Methods: Thirty mice were randomly assigned to five groups (n=6 per group ): The control group (group 1) consisted of mice without any intervention. In group 2, an HCS was implanted into the wound. In group 3, a combination of HCS+hADSC was inserted into the wound. In group 4, an HCS was inserted into the wound and PBM was applied. In group 5, a combination of HCS+hADSCs was inserted into the wound, followed by PBM treatment. Results: Improvements in the injury closing rate (WCR) and microbial flora were observed in all groups. However, the highest WCRs were observed in group s 5, 4, 3, and 2 (all P values were 0.000). Groups 3-5 showed increased wound strength compared to group s 1 and 2, with group 2 demonstrating better results than group 1 (P values ranged from 0.000 to 0.013). Although group s 3-5 showed increases in certain stereological elements compared to group s 1 and 2, group 2 exhibited superior results in comparison with group 1 (P values ranged from 0.000 to 0.049). Conclusion: The joined use of HCS+hADSCs+PBM significantly accelerated the wound healing process during the maturation phase in healthy mice. This approach demonstrated superior wound healing compared to the use of HCS alone, hADSCs+HCS, or PBM+HCS. The findings suggest an additive effect when HCS+hADSCs+PBM are combined.
In Vitro Effect of Photodynamic Therapy With Curcumin in Combination With Photobiomodulation Therapy by 660 nm on the Viability of Human Gingival Fibroblasts
Authors: Etemadi Ardavan , Koochak Hosseini Seyed Khashayar , Neshandar Morteza , Chiniforush Nasim
Published: October 2024

Introduction: This study aimed to assess the effect of repeated irradiations of 660 nm photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) after photodynamic therapy (PDT) with curcumin on the viability of human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Methods: In this in vitro, experimental study, HGFs were cultured and assigned to five groups: One control group with no intervention and four experimental groups of PDT with curcumin, PBMT (660 nm laser irradiation) immediately after PDT, PBMT immediately and 24 hours after PDT and PBMT immediately and 24 hours and 48 hours after PDT. Cell viability was assessed after 1, 4, and 7 days using the methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. Results: On day 1, the control group had no significant difference with one-time (P=1.00), two-time (P=1.00), and three-time (P=0.88) laser irradiation groups. On day 4, the difference between the control and one-time (P<0.001), two-time (P<0.001) and three-time (P=0.02) laser irradiation groups was statistically significant, suggesting more cell viability in test groups. On day 7, the three-time laser irradiation group showed significant cell viability compared to the other two test groups but not with the control group (P=0.98). Conclusion: PBMT with 660 nm laser irradiation after PDT with curcumin would increase the viability of HGFs by increasing the frequency of irradiation.
The Impact of Photobiomodulation Therapy on Enhancing Spermatogenesis and Blood-Testis Barrier Integrity in Adult Male Mice Subjected to Scrotal Hyperthermia
Authors: Soltani Reza , Abbaszadeh Hojjat-Allah , Nazarian Hamid , Tabeie Faraj , Akbari Hassan , Mohammadzadeh Ibrahim , Afshar Azar , Aghajanpour Fakhroddin , Fadaei Fathabadi Fatemeh , Norouzian Mohsen
Published: October 2024

Introduction: Unhealthy lifestyle choices such as alcohol, chemicals, and heat stress can worsen male infertility. Heat stress can cause damage to the essential structure known as the blood-testis barrier (BTB). Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) has been employed in various studies to enhance sperm quality in individuals with genital inflammatory conditions in recent times. The current research sought to study how laser therapy affects spermatogenesis and the structure of the BTB in a mouse model of scrotal heat exposure. Methods: Thirty adult male NMRI mice, 8 weeks old, were divided into three groups: Control, Hyperthermia, and Hyperthermia+Laser 0.03 J/cm2 . The animals in the hyperthermia group had their testicles exposed to water at 43 °C for 20 minutes five times every other day. Then, the testicles were exposed to laser radiation every other day for 35 days, lasting 3 minutes each time, with an energy density of 0.03 J/cm2 . Animals were sacrificed, and sperm parameters, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels, stereological parameters, and gene expression were assessed in the end. Results: The study showed that PBMT can significantly enhance sperm quality, quantity of spermatogenic cells, testicular volume, levels of ROS and GSH, and gene expression related to the blood-testis barrier. Conclusion: Currently, PBMT is a novel approach for addressing male infertility by preserving the integrity of the BTB in Sertoli cells, which in turn supports the growth and specialization of germ cells.
Efficacy of Picosecond Laser in Clinical, Histopathology, and Immunohistochemistry Examination in Indonesian Wrinkled Skin
Authors: Wardhani Putri Hendria , Sigit Prakoeswa Cita Rosita , Listiawan Muhammad Yulianto
Published: October 2024

Introduction: The elderly population wants to improve skin function and maintain a youthful appearance without wrinkles. Laser is one of the highly developed and widely used therapeutic modalities of skin aging by stimulating dermal collagen formation. Picosecond laser therapy is performed on skin with wrinkles to determine the mechanism of wrinkle improvement with a picosecond laser through an increasing in tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1), and a decrease in matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), which was confirmed by collagen density. Methods: The study was started from March 2021 to July 2021 at URJ Dr. Soetomo Hospital Surabaya and Surabaya Skin Centre. Twenty patients meeting the inclusion criteria of being 36-55 years of age and having a wrinkle in the forearm were enrolled by random sampling. Each sample data was recorded, the average TIMP-1, MMP-1, collagen density, and clinical wrinkles were calculated, and the laser was performed by using a picosecond 755 nm laser. Results: All patients showed a moderate pre-test wrinkle scale. The figure for TIMP-1 and MMP-1 after therapy was higher. The MMP-1/TIMP-1 ratio in wrinkles treated by using a picosecond laser was lower but insignificant than before. The picture of collagen density indicates that collagen density after laser therapy was higher than before. Conclusion: The result of clinical examination, histopathology, and immunohistochemistry in this research explained that a picosecond 755 nm laser with DLA is an effective therapy for wrinkles in Indonesian patients without any adverse effects.
Culture of Nursing Care in Iranian Nursing Homes: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Pouraboli Batool , Dehghannayeri Nahid , Sarkoohi Zahra , Khodabandeh Shahraki Sedigheh
Published: October 2024

Background: The aging of the population and an increase in the number of older adults require long-term care and a greater number of nursing homes (NHs). Consequently, identifying relevant cultural factors in NHs may contribute to meeting care needs. This study aimed to explore the culture of nursing care for older adults in NHs in Iran. Methods: This interpretive ethnographic study was conducted in two NHs in Kerman. The data were collected through fieldwork, participant observations, field notes, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 26 staff and 7 residents. The collected data were analyzed through content analysis. Results: The culture of care in NHs revolves around 3 themes including "task-oriented care", "care deficiency", and "enthusiastic care". Conclusion: The results emphasized the value of the cultural atmosphere embedded in NHs. The provided care mostly met the physical and immediate needs of older adults (task-oriented care). In addition, establishing an emotional relationship with older adults can help them better accept care and reduce illness and disability in them.
Factors Influencing Relationship Disengagement in Married Couples: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Salayani Faezeh , Asghari Ebrahimabad Mohammad Javad , Besharat Mohammad Ali , Mahram Behrooz , Soltani Kouhbanani Sakineh
Published: October 2024

Background: Relationship disengagement is one of the most common reasons reported by couples when explaining the distress and dissolution of the marriage. The present study aimed to investigate the factors affecting relationship disengagement in Iranian couples. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted using the conventional content analysis approach. The participants were 24 Iranian married couples (in Mashhad) who were selected using non-random and purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews with the couples and the interviews continued until data saturation. The collected were analyzed using Graneheim and Lundman’s qualitative content analysis method. Results: Data analysis revealed three themes (each with some categories): (1) Interpersonal factors (problems related to the family of origin, conflict in couple interactions, distancing behaviors, and ineffective spouse selection), (2) individual-personality factors (emotional instability and character traits), and (3) socioeconomic factors (financial and vocational issues and perceived fairness and inequality). Conclusion: The findings indicated that marital relationship disengagement leads to emotional apathy and dissolution of marital relationships. Couples therapy approaches should target the causes of relationship disengagement to increase the quality of couples’ relationships and prevent divorce. The insights from this study can be used for formulating treatment and preventive approaches to prevent couple relationship disengagement.
Barriers and Facilitators of Using Clinical Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation from the Point of View of Emergency Department Nurses
Authors: Sadeghnezhad Hossein , Helal Birjandi Marzieh , Vagharseyyedin Seyyed Abolfazl , Moradi Ebrahim
Published: October 2024

Background: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is an emergency method to restore blood flow and spontaneous breathing in a person who has suffered cardiac arrest. Clinical practice guidelines are recommendations for nurses regarding the care of patients with specific conditions such as cardiac arrest. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the experiences of hospital emergency department nurses regarding the implementation of CPR guidelines. Methods: This study was conducted using a qualitative content analysis approach to investigate the experiences of 11 emergency department nurses. The participants were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews until saturation was reached. Data were analyzed using the content analysis method proposed by Graneheim and Lundman simultaneously with data collection. Results: Data analysis led to the identification of two main categories and ten subcategories. The categories included "barriers" with five subcategories (lack of knowledge and skills, low motivation, work pressure, lack of facilities, and lack of cooperation among the CPR team) and "facilitators" with five subcategories (facility development, teamwork, conscientiousness, adequate training, and effective supervision). Conclusion: Nursing managers can use nurses’ experiences to find appropriate ways to improve the use of clinical guidelines for CPR.
Predictive Factors of Attitude Toward Smoking and Hookah use in Medical Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Namazi Sholeh , Seddigh Hamzeh , Gharache Mina , Ghorbani Darya , Mohammadi Behnaz , Sadeghi Mahdieh , Sheybani-Arani Mohammad Hosein
Published: October 2024

Background: Today, tobacco use is considered a pervasive health problem globally, with projections indicating that by 2020, tobacco will account for one in three adult deaths. Despite the well-documented harmful effects of tobacco use and societal expectations for future healthcare providers to lead healthy lifestyles, smoking remains prevalent among medical students. Materials and Methods: In this study, 248 medical students of Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences were selected. After providing comprehensive explanations and obtaining their consent to participate, each student received a questionnaire comprising two parts: the first part gathered demographic information, while the second part utilized a Likert scale to measure attitudes toward smoking and hookah use. Results: In this study, 63.3% of participants were female, 36.7% were male, and the majority (37.1%) were between 21 and 23 years old. Additionally, 89.5% of participants were single. Also, 17.7% had a history of smoking or hookah use, 35.1% had family members who smoked or used hookahs, and 37.1% had friends who smoked or used hookahs. Furthermore, 6.9% had a history of neurological disease, and 11.7% had underlying medical conditions. Conclusion: We found statistically significant relationships between attitudes towards smoking and various factors, including gender, personal history of smoking, family history of smoking, presence of smoking or hookah-using friends, place of residence, ethnicity, parents’ level of education, history of chronic disease and grade point average.
An Overview of Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure During Pregnancy: Lower Birth Weight and Height as the Main Health Effect on Human Fetus
Authors: Eshaghi Sani Kakhaki Hadi , Soleimani Farshid
Published: October 2024

Background: Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) during pregnancy also poses serious health risks for mother and baby. No study has comprehensively compiled these health effects. In this review, we conducted a narrative scientific review to investigate the results of studies conducted on the effect of mothers’ exposure to ETS on the weight and height of infants and fetuses during pregnancy. Materials and Methods: The literature search was conducted in March 2024 in Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. After considering the criteria of the study, 29 papers were included in this overview. Results: ETS exposure is associated with different adverse fetal outcomes. Most studies that examine the effects of passive maternal smoking on fetal growth show that ETS increases the risk of lower mean birth weight and or length. Conclusion: Pregnant women exposed to ETS and their fetuses are as susceptible groups against ETS exposure. Other health consequences on babies due to involuntary exposure of pregnant mothers to ETS should be investigated in future studies.
Investigating the Mechanism of Potential Toxic Elements in Plants: A Review Study
Authors: Fakhri Yadolah , Davoodi Sayed Hossein , Kamari Zohreh , Mousavi Khaneghah Amin
Published: October 2024

Background: This study investigates the mechanism of potential toxic elements (PTEs) in plants. Materials and Methods: To obtain studies, a search was conducted in online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Embase until July 30, 2022. Results: A detailed understanding of the pathways and mechanisms by which PTEs can affect human health through the consumption of vegetables or grains can lead us to adopt a suitable strategy for the benefit of the public, farmers, and researchers. Conclusion: The transfer of PTEs from soil to plants takes place through multifaceted mechanisms. Bioaccumulation and toxicity of PTEs in plants are associated with plant type, soil characteristics, and PTE type.
Three Ellipsoids for External Approximation of the Half-Ball
Authors: Khomiak Olha
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Ellipsoids that approximate the half-ball in Rn (n≥2) and their volume is smaller than the volume of the ball can be used to construct algorithms for solving the problem of minimization of a convex (smooth or non-smooth) function, the problem of minimization of a convex
function on a sphere, a general problem convex programming, saddle point problems of convex-concave functions and others. The speed of convergence of
such algorithms will be determined by the ratio of the volume of the approximating ellipsoid to the volume of the ball.

The purpose of the work is to describe properties of three ellipsoids for approximation of a n-dimensional half-ball, the volume reduction factor of which depends only on n - dimension of space. The first is the well-known ellipsoid of minimum volume, which is used in the classical
Yudin-Nemirovsky-Shor ellipsoid method. It provides a minimum volume reduction factor and can be used if n≥2. If n=1, then the classical ellipsoid method replaces the dichotomy method. The other two ellipsoids are close to the minimum volume ellipsoid and at large n guarantee volume reduction coefficients close to the minimum.

The results. It is shown that when n=1 the first approximate ellipsoid provides a coefficient of reduction of the segment length equal to 2–√2 ≈ 0.5858. The second approximate ellipsoid is new and the volume reduction factor for it is slightly larger than the factor for the first approximate ellipsoid. If n=1, then it provides a coefficient of reduction of the segment length equal to (√5–1)/2 ≈ 0.6180. For three ellipsoids, comparative results are given in terms of volume reduction coefficients (n=1/20) and the number of iterations for solving problems with relative accuracy 1e-10 (n=1/30).

Conclusions. A new ellipsoid has been constructed to approximate the n-dimensional half-ball, which is close in volume to the minimal ellipsoid. The volume reduction factor of the proposed ellipsoid is approximated by an asymptotic formula 1–1/(2n)+1/n², which differs little from the formula 1–1/(2n) for an ellipsoid of minimum volume.
Lossy Image Compression with Stochastic Quantization
Authors: Kozyriev Anton , Norkin Vladimir
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Lossy image compression algorithms play a crucial role in various domains, including graphics, and image processing. As image information density increases, so do the resources required for processing and transmission. One of the most prominent approaches to address this challenge is color quantization, proposed by Orchard et al. (1991). This technique optimally maps each pixel of an image to a color from a limited palette, maintaining image resolution while significantly reducing information content. Color quantization can be interpreted as a clustering problem (Krishna et al. (1997), Wan (2019)), where image pixels are represented in a three-dimensional space, with each axis corresponding to the intensity of an RGB channel. The purpose of the paper. Scaling of traditional algorithms like K-Means can be challenging for large data, such as modern images with millions of colors. This paper reframes color quantization as a three-dimensional stochastic transportation problem between the set of image pixels and an optimal color palette, where the number of colors is a predefined hyperparameter. We employ Stochastic Quantization (SQ) with a seeding technique proposed by Arthur et al. (2007) to enhance the scalability of color quantization. This method introduces a probabilistic element to the quantization process, potentially improving efficiency and adaptability to diverse image characteristics. Results. To demonstrate the efficiency of our approach, we present experimental results using images from the ImageNet dataset. These experiments illustrate the performance of our Stochastic Quantization method in terms of compression quality, computational efficiency, and scalability compared to traditional color quantization techniques. Conclusions. This study introduces a scalable algorithm for solving the color quantization problem without memory constraints, demonstrating its efficiency on a subset of images from the ImageNet dataset. The convergence speed of the algorithm can be further enhanced by modifying the update rule with alternative methods to Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) that incorporate adaptive learning rates. Moreover, the stochastic nature of the proposed solution enables the utilization of parallelization techniques to simultaneously update the positions of multiple quants, potentially leading to significant performance improvements. This aspect of parallelization and its impact on algorithm efficiency presents a topic for future research. The proposed method not only addresses the limitations of existing color quantization techniques but also opens up new possibilities for optimizing image compression algorithms in resource-constrained environments. Keywords: non-convex optimization, stochastic optimization, stochastic quantization, color quantization, lossy compression.
Perceptual Computing Based Method of Evaluation in E-learning Systems
Authors: Liskin Viacheslav , Tavrov Danylo , Temnikova Olena , Kovalchuk-Khymiuk Liudmyla
Published: October 2024

Introduction. Implementation of e-learning has transformed the education system, expanding access to knowledge and providing flexibility in learning for both students and teachers. Application of information technologies in the education system allows to improve the learning process by introducing novel methods and approaches not only to teaching but also to knowledge assessment.
However, along with the growing popularity of e-learning, new challenges arise. Among them the problem of objective evaluation of students' achievements—one of the key components of learning— is particularly significant. In an e-learning environment, evaluation becomes more challenging due to the lack of physical contact and limited access to informal communication. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and apply effective evaluation methods that would ensure objectivity, reliability, and adaptability to special features of e-learning.
Evaluation using fuzzy sets enables the teacher to account for uncertainty in numerical grades and to reduce their subjective influence. Of particular importance are methods based on type-2 fuzzy sets, including perceptual computing. They enable both verbal evaluation of works and aggregation of various verbal and numerical assessments to determine the final grade.
Objective. To formalize a model of quiz in e-learning systems, to develop a perceptual computing based evaluation method, which will enhance the objectivity and flexibility of the evaluation process.
Results. Existing fuzzy set based evaluation methods in e-learning systems are reviewed. A graph model of a quiz is proposed, consisting of problems, knowledge units, and chunks connected by arcs loaded verbally. A method is described for calculating an aggregate grade using linguistically weighted average.
Conclusions. The proposed method for quiz evaluation in e-learning systems, based on perceptual computing, allows to reduce the impact of the human factor and subjectivity. In particular, verbal evaluation of open-ended questions and processing of such grades using perceptual computing based on type-2 fuzzy sets lead to objective evaluation and have significant potential for enhancing the efficiency of e-learning. Keywords: perceptual computing, e-learning, chunk, fuzzy sets.
Fluorometer “FLS 10s”
Authors: Voronenko Oleksandr
Published: October 2024

Many biological objects have the ability to fluoresce under the influence of electromagnetic radiation in the optical range. Measuring the fluorescence of a biological object helps obtain information about its internal state. Therefore, the creation of instruments for scientific research in the field of studying biological objects has been a pressing task for many areas of human activity for many years. In particular, these are areas such as agriculture, ecology, food industry and medicine. This article is devoted to a description of the recently developed “FLS 10s” device for studying plant chlorophyll fluorescence, as well as description of software for operating the device and analyzing the information obtained. This device provides data of well known OJIP test. Keywords: fluorescence, fluorometer, fluorescence measurement, Kautsky effect, OJIP test, fluorescence induction, fast chlorophyll α fluorescence induction.
Toplu Yapı Yönetim Sözleşmesinin Hukuki Niteliği
Authors: Doğar Mehmet
Published: October 2024

Toplu yapılar, Kat Mülkiyeti Kanunu’nda belirtildiği şekilde kat maliklerinin seçeceği bir yönetici veya yönetim kurulu tarafından yönetilir. Bu yönetici kat maliklerinden olabileceği gibi dışarıdan biri de olabilir. Yöneticinin gerçek kişi olması zorunlu olmayıp tüzel kişilerin de yönetici olabileceği kabul edilmektedir. Kalabalıklaşan şehirlere paralel olarak toplu yapılarda yaşayanların sayısı da artmıştır. Binlerce bağımsız bölümü olan toplu yapıların yönetilmesi idari, mali, hukuki, teknik bilgi, birikim ve tecrübe gerektirmektedir. Günümüzde toplu yapıların yönetimi ayrı bir işkolu niteliği kazanmış ve sadece bu işle uğraşan profesyonel bina yönetim şirketleri kurulmuştur. Bu şirketler doğrudan yönetici olarak seçilebilecekleri gibi kat maliklerinin seçtiği yönetici bu tür şirketlerle sözleşme yaparak toplu yapı yönetimini onlara bırakabilir. Profesyonel yönetim şirketlerinin doğrudan yönetici olarak seçilmeleri halinde kat malikleri ile aralarında vekâlet sözleşmesi kurulacağı kanunda düzenlenmiştir. Buna karşılık profesyonel yönetici ile bir sözleşme kurulduğunda bu sözleşmenin hukuki niteliğinin belirlenmesi gerekir. Yargı kararları incelendiğinde bu tür uyuşmazlıklar bakımından sıklıkla görevsizlik kararları verilmekte ve bu durumun hatalı hukuki nitelemede bulunulmasından kaynaklandığı görülmektedir.
PERSPEKTIF HUKUM ISLAM TERHADAP AKAD BAI’ ISTIGHLAL SEBAGAI SOLUSI PEREKONOMIAN KONTEMPORER
Authors: Ubaidillah Ubaidillah
Published: October 2024

Abstract
Bai' Istighlal is a merger between the Bai' Wafa' and Ijaroh contracts. That is, the goods are sold by Bai' Wafa', then the seller rents the goods back. This means that the buyer takes advantage of the item by renting it out to the seller himself. Bai' Istighlal is like becoming a hilah to get benefits in doing business, especially in businesses that operate according to sharia. The results of research regarding the implementation of the Bai'Istighlal contract are that the practice that occurs is in accordance with the provisions of the view of the scholars who allow in Bai' Istighlal. Where in practice the buyer leases wafa goods to the seller, after the sale and purchase agreement is completed. And the existence of a wafa' agreement in the sale and purchase agreement occurs after the sale and purchase agreement is completed and before the implementation of the ijaroh contract. So that it allows buyers to rent their goods to anyone, including members (the seller himself). Keywords: Islamic Legal Perspective, Bai' Istighlal, contemporary
HUKUM JUAL BELI AIR MINUM KEMASAN DITINJAU DARI FIQIH MUAMALAH
Authors: MAULIDIYAH NAILIN NIKMATUL , Wakil Abdul
Published: October 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana hukum jual beli airminum kemasan ditinjau dari fiqih muamalah. Penelitian ini diklasifikasikandalam jenis penelitian hukum empiris dengan pendekatan studi kasus, yangbertujuan untuk membuat deskripsi, gambaran secara sistematis, aktual danakurat mengenai fakta-fakta, sifat-sifat serta hubungan antar fenomena yangdiselidiki kemudian mengambil kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkanbahwa hukum jual beli air dalam kemasan adalah mubah atau diperbolehkan,dengan catatan air tersebut sudah dikemas dan bukan air yang masih dalamsumbernya dan dipakai secara umum seperti sungai, danau, dan sumber lainyang sejenis.Kata Kunci : Jual beli, Air Minum Kemasan, Fiqih Muamalah