bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
On a Variational Problem Related to the Cwikel–Lieb–Rozenblum and Lieb–Thirring Inequalities
Authors: Corso Thiago Carvalho , Ried Tobias
Published: February 2025

We explicitly solve a variational problem related to upper bounds on the optimal constants in the Cwikel–Lieb–Rozenblum (CLR) and Lieb–Thirring (LT) inequalities, which has recently been derived in Hundertmark et al. (Invent Math 231:111–167, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-022-01144-7) and Frank et al. (Eur Math Soc 23(8):2583–2600, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1090/pspum/104/01877). We achieve this through a variational characterization of the

$$L^1$$

L
1

norm of the Fourier transform of a function and duality, from which we obtain a reformulation in terms of a variant of the Hadamard three lines lemma. By studying Hardy-like spaces of holomorphic functions in a strip in the complex plane, we are able to provide an analytic formula for the minimizers, and use it to get the best possible upper bounds for the optimal constants in the CLR and LT inequalities achievable by the method of Hundertmark et al. (Invent Math 231:111–167, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00222-022-01144-7) and Frank et al. (Eur Math Soc 23(8):2583–2600, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1090/pspum/104/01877).
Prevention of infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy: comparison of povidone-iodine, chlorhexidine, and formalin disinfection
Authors: Başaranoğlu Mert , Nebioğlu Ali , Bozlu Murat , Gökçe Ali , Akbay Erdem
Published: February 2025

Purpose

We aimed to compare the efficacy of three different antiseptic methods to determine the most effective prophylactic approach to prevent infectious complications after transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy (TRUS-PB). The methods evaluated were transrectal povidone-iodine injection (TRPI), biopsy needle disinfection with chlorhexidine, and biopsy needle disinfection with formalin.

Methods

Between January 2018 and January 2023, 904 patients who underwent TRUS-PB were retrospectively analyzed. All patients had prophylactic antibiotic use and negative urine/rectal culture results. Patients were divided into three groups according to the antiseptic protocol: Group 1 (n = 245) received only TRPI injection into the rectum before biopsy, Group 2 (n = 295) received only chlorhexidine needle disinfection before biopsy, and Group 3 (n = 364) received only formalin needle disinfection before biopsy. The biopsy needles used in our clinic are not single-use and are used on other patients after sterilization. The primary endpoint was the incidence of infectious complications within 30 days post-procedure. Continuous variables were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U test, while categorical variables were analyzed using the Chi-square test, and post-hoc analysis was applied for pairwise comparisons between groups. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate factors associated with postoperative infection.

Results

The overall infection rate was 20.4%. Infection rates were 4.5% in the TRPI group, 16.6% in the chlorhexidine group, and 34.1% in the formalin group (p < 0.001). The TRPI group showed significantly lower rates of all infectious complications compared to other groups. Disinfection of biopsy needles with chlorhexidine was found to be significantly more effective in preventing infectious complications compared to disinfection with formalin (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

TRPI injection before TRUS-PB appears to be more effective in preventing post-biopsy infectious complications compared to needle disinfection with chlorhexidine or formalin. This method may be considered as a preferred antiseptic approach for TRUS-PB procedures.
Helmholtz-x : Parallelized adjoint open source solver for the thermoacoustic Helmholtz equation
Authors: Ekici Ekrem , Falco Stefano , Juniper Matthew P.
Published: February 2025

We create and describe an inhomogeneous Helmholtz equation solver, helmholtz-x, written in an open-source framework. The mesh is generated with Gmsh and the solver uses DOLFINx and UFL from FEniCSx. The performance, validity, stability and extensibility of the solver are demonstrated through several examples of thermoacoustic instability, from the one-dimensional Rijke tube to the three-dimensional MICCA combustor. The implementation of Bloch-type boundary conditions is explained and tested. The adjoint capability of the solver is also shown, and used to obtain derivatives of the eigenvalue with respect to shape parameters. This is exploited to find shape changes that reduce the thermoacoustic growth rate.
The role of the prefrontal cortex in cocaine-induced noradrenaline release in the nucleus accumbens: a computational study
Authors: Carli Samuele , Schirripa Aurelia , Mirino Pierandrea , Capirchio Adriano , Caligiore Daniele
Published: February 2025

Research has extensively explored the role of the dopaminergic system in the reward circuit, while the contribution of the noradrenergic system remains less understood. This study aims to fill this gap by employing computational modeling to examine how the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) influences cocaine-induced norepinephrine (NE) release in the nucleus accumbens shell (NAcc), with mediation by the nucleus of the tractus solitarius (NTS) and the locus coeruleus (LC). The model replicates previously reported data on NE release in the mPFC following cocaine administration. Additionally, it predicts that NE depletion in the mPFC affects NE release in the NAcc through interactions with the NTS and LC. This work proposes a system-level hypothesis, suggesting that the mPFC regulates NE release in the NAcc by modulating the LC and NTS. These findings enhance our understanding of the neurochemical response to cocaine and offer potential directions for future addiction treatments.
Supervised prehabilitation in patients scheduled for spinal surgery – a scoping review
Authors: Gränicher Pascale , Reicherzer Leah , Wanivenhaus Florian , Farshad Mazda , Spörri Jörg , Wirz Markus , Scherr Johannes
Published: February 2025

Background context

Prehabilitation before spinal surgery may enhance patients’ ability to withstand physical and mental stress during the perioperative period. It has the potential to reduce complications, accelerate recovery, and deliver sustainable, patient-relevant improvements. However, high-quality evidence remains limited, and it is unclear which prehabilitation concepts, training protocols, and outcomes are most effective for different patient groups.

Purpose

To evaluate the current state of research on preoperative interventions before spinal surgery, including the representation of subgroups, types of surgical procedures, and prehabilitation concepts. Additionally, it examines the outcomes analyzed and the methodologies employed in existing studies.

Study design

Scoping review based on a systematic literature search.

Methods

A comprehensive database search in MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Library, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Web of Science and Scopus was conducted. Exercise- and/or education-based prehabilitation concepts were identified, and findings were clustered and summarized according to PRISMA reporting standards.

Results

Thirty-six reports from 23 studies (50% RCTs), evaluating prehabilitation programs in terms of feasibility, experiences, and effects on physical performance, self-reported function, pain, psychological outcomes and health-economic factors were included. These studies encompassed 2,964 participants scheduled for spinal surgery and reported a wide range of preoperative interventions, settings, and adherence rates. Prehabilitation focused primarily on education (87%) and exercise (35%), either independently or in combination. Most authors have concluded that preoperative interventions benefit patients awaiting spinal surgery, particularly by improving self-reported function, disability, and pain in both the short and long term. However, the findings also highlight the variability in outcomes, strengths, limitations, and recommendations across studies. Notably, 76% of the authors advocated for preoperative preparation, emphasizing the importance of structured, personalized programs and the need for further large-scale clinical trials.

Conclusion

Based on the current evidence, preparation for spinal surgery is recommended, provided that it is individualized, multimodal, and interdisciplinary, and addresses patients’ specific impairments, resources, and expectations. Future research should focus on identifying subgroups defined by biopsychosocial risk factors that may influence short- and long-term perioperative outcomes.
Anatomy of the diaphragmatic crura and other paraspinal structures relevant to en-bloc spondylectomy for lumbar spine tumours
Authors: Khadanovich Anhelina , Beneš Michal , Kaiser Radek , Reynolds Jeremy , Mawhinney Gerard , Štulík Jan , Kachlík David
Published: February 2025

Introduction

En-bloc spondylectomy in the lumbar spine is a challenging procedure mainly due to a complex prevertebral anatomy. The aim of our study is to describe the anatomy of the diaphragmatic crura and surrounding vascular and neural structures which may be iatrogenically injured during the surgical resection.

Materials and methods

Ten embalmed specimens were meticulously dissected. Widths of the diaphragmatic crura, abdominal aorta, cisterna chyli, thoracic duct, sympathetic trunks, and inferior vena cava as well as their distances from the midline were measured at nine levels (L1 to L4 vertebra and adjacent intervertebral discs).

Results

The right crus was attached to the L2–L4 vertebral bodies and L2/3 intervertebral disc, while the left crus inserted onto L1–L3 vertebrae. The thoracic duct arose commonly at the level of L2 vertebra and overlaid the right crus at the L3 vertebra and L2/3-disc levels. The cisterna chyli was present in 70% of specimens and overlapped with the left crus at the same levels. Both sympathetic trunks emerged underneath the crura at the L1/2 discs or L1 vertebra level. The aorta overlapped with the crura at all levels.

Conclusion

The L3 level appears to be the riskiest for spondylectomy due to the overlap of both diaphragmatic crura with the thoracic duct and cisterna chyli, respectively. Spondylectomy at the L2 level also brings the risk of lymphatic structures injury while injury to the left sympathetic trunk may be the main issue at the L1 level.
Sleeve basal segmentectomy with pulmonary artery division for lung cancer: how to do it
Authors: Yutaka Yojiro , Ryo Taiki , Date Hiroshi
Published: February 2025

Sleeve segmentectomy was originally developed to preserve the lung volume in patients who were unable to tolerate lobectomy. We herein report an immunocompromised patient with potentially curable peripheral squamous cell carcinoma in whom sleeve basal segmentectomy was performed for a 1.8-cm tumor with endobronchial growth that occluded B7 and invaded the inlet of the middle lobar bronchus and B6. To provide sufficient surgical exposure for complex double-barrel reconstruction after segmentectomy, A6 was divided and reconstructed after the anastomosis was complete. This technique may be applicable to other peripheral bronchial reconstructions to minimize blood flow disruption to bronchial anastomosis.
Identification of CD66c as a potential target in gastroesophageal junction cancer for antibody–drug conjugate development
Authors: Zhang Peng , Tao Changjuan , Xie Hanfei , Yang Liu , Lu Ye , Xi Yun , Yao Shili , Yuan Li , Guo Peng , Cheng Xiangdong
Published: February 2025

Background

Gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer exhibits unique biological characteristics and currently lacks specific targeted therapies. Given the clinical efficacy of antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) in solid tumor treatment, we aimed to identify a novel ADC target and suitable payload for GEJ-targeted therapy.

Methods

In this study, we conducted bioinformatic analyses of multi-omics data, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics, to identify CD66c as a promising ADC target for GEJ cancer. We then engineered a CD66c-directed antibody–drug conjugate (CD66c-DXd) incorporating a GGFG linker. The preclinical efficacy of CD66c-DXd was determined in multi GEJ xenograft models.

Results

Proteomic analyses of 103 cases of GEJ cancer revealed that CD66c expression was significantly higher in tumoral tissues compared to normal tissues. Proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses identified deruxtecan (DXd) as a potentially potent payload for ADCs targeting GEJ cancer. Furthermore, high CD66c expression in GEJ was associated with a significantly lower proportion of plasma cells. The drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) of CD66c-DXd was determined to be 3.6. CD66c-DXd effectively and selectively ablated multiple human GEJ cell lines (OE-19, OE33 and SK-GT-4) without affecting non-malignant cells (GES-1) in vitro. Eventually, CD66c-DXd mediated potent and durable tumor regression in vivo with excellent safety profiles.

Conclusions

This preclinical study provides a strong rationale for the further development of CD66c-DXd as promising therapeutic candidates to treat advanced GEJ cancer. Additionally, the study demonstrates the robustness of the multi-omics data in identifying novel potential ADC targets and payloads.
Interventionitis in the Criminal Justice System: Three English Cases
Authors: Stevens Alex , Schreeche-Powell Ed , Billingham Luke , Irwin-Rogers Keir
Published: February 2025

This article highlights the problem it names as ‘interventionitis’; the tendency of policymakers to treat enduring, systemically generated problems with limited interventions that are insufficient or inappropriate for the intended improvement. We outline three typical features of interventionitis; overconfidence in these quick fixes, the iatrogenic effect of unintended harms caused by such interventions, and the focus on surface-level rather than systemic change. We then present three cases of interventionitis in the contemporary criminal justice system of England and Wales: the placement of police officers in schools, drug testing on arrest, and the peer-led induction programme in prisons. We support an alternative approach that adds consideration of inequalities, institutions and interactions alongside interventions. Interventionitis can be observed across the English and Welsh criminal justice system. It limits the prospects for taking steps to reduce the harms caused by crime and its control.
The Effect of Environmental Protection Expenditures on Industrial Employment in Sweden
Authors: Amjadi Golnaz , Bostian Moriah , Lindström Hanna , Lundgren Tommy , Vesterberg Mattias
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we empirically investigate how environmental protection expenditures affect sector-level employment within manufacturing industries, using detailed firm-level data for Sweden for the years 2002–2021. We use a structural model that allows for a decomposition of the total employment effect of environmental protection expenditures within a sector into a cost effect, a factor shift effect, and a demand effect. We add to previous literature by using instrumental variables in our empirical framework, to account for endogenous environmental spending stemming from, e.g., corporate social responsibility and self-regulation. Our results reveal that increased environmental protection expenditures generally have no statistically significant effect on employment among the sectors studied, with the paper and pulp sector being the exception, showing non-negligible negative effects on employment.
Cohort profile: The BiCoVac cohort - a nationwide Danish cohort to assess short and long-term symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination
Authors: Jensen Christina Bisgaard , Hansen Kristoffer Torp , Nielsen Casper Mailund , Hansen Stefan Nygaard , Nielsen Henrik , Rask Charlotte Ulrikka , Fink Per , Dantoft Thomas Meinertz , Jørgensen Torben , Bech Bodil Hammer , Thysen Sanne Møller , Rytter Dorte
Published: February 2025

BiCoVac is a population-based Danish cohort aiming to examine whether Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are associated with non-specific symptoms beyond the specific protection of COVID-19. Data were collected by four questionnaire surveys between May 2021 and July 2022 and the questionnaire distribution was aligned with the Danish COVID-19 vaccination program. All surveys collected self-reported information on symptoms (e.g., headache, nausea, and fatigue). The baseline survey additionally gathered information on lifestyle and health. Survey data were combined with data from the Danish registers including information on COVID-19 vaccination and COVID-19 test results. A total of 911,613 (25% of all Danish citizens aged 16 to 65) were randomly sampled for the cohort and 252,401 initiated the baseline questionnaire. Of these, 59% (n = 149,070) participated in the 1st follow-up, 43% (n = 107,655) in the 2nd follow-up, and 25% (n = 63,737) in the 3rd follow-up. Women and individuals above 40 years of age were more likely to participate. Among vaccinated respondents, 25–38% reported moderate to severe immediate symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination, varying by vaccine doses. Females, younger individuals, and those with prior COVID-19 reported more immediate symptoms. Results of potential non-specific symptoms following COVID-19 vaccination did not reveal higher risk of involuntary movements among vaccinated individuals compared to unvaccinated individuals. Currently (December 2024), we are further investigating the effects of COVID-19 vaccines on other non-specific symptoms and exploring whether specific characteristics render some individuals more susceptible to report non-specific symptoms. In addition, long-term symptoms following COVID-19 are being investigated.
Forerunners vs. latecomers—institutional competition in the German federalism during the COVID crisis
Authors: Breide Lukas , Budzinski Oliver , Grebel Thomas , Mendelsohn Juliane
Published: February 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, political competition among the premiers of Germany’s 16 federal states intensified, with leaders striving to position themselves as proactive forerunners in managing the crisis. This paper examines the timing and determination of these state leaders in announcing, legislating, and enforcing COVID-19 policies, with attention to regional contexts and specific determinants influencing their actions. Utilizing multiple distinct databases, we conduct a survival analysis to assess each state’s political response in relative terms. Our findings reveal that state leaders who were early advocates in public announcements and discourse did not necessarily lead in formal legislation or enforcement of COVID-19 measures. This study provides a nuanced view of political competition in crisis governance, highlighting the divergence between political rhetoric and tangible policy action across Germany’s federal landscape.
Exploring the Attending and Interpretation of Three Science and Engineering Practices Among Secondary Science Teachers
Authors: Huang Yuxi , Luft Julie A. , Tran Hong H. , Deluca Joseph J. , Pavez José M. , Whitworth Brooke A.
Published: February 2025

This study explored secondary science teachers’ attending and interpretation of three science and engineering practices (SEPs) occurring in a classroom setting. This data were further examined to see if teaching experience and disciplinary area influenced the secondary science teachers attending and interpretation of the SEPs. The data collection process involved having teachers talk about the science instruction they viewed in short videos. The videos highlighted three SEPs: developing and using models, analyzing and interpreting data, and engaging in argument from evidence (see NGSS Lead States, 2013). A mixed-method analysis was used to examine the responses of teachers. From this analysis, there were four important conclusions. First, most science teachers struggled to provide full descriptions of the SEPs in the videos. Second, being able to describe an SEP, at least partially, often coincided with a higher level of interpretation of the SEP. Third, the disciplinary area of the teachers did not pose a barrier in their ability to point out and talk about an SEP. Fourth, preliminary evidence suggested that new science teachers had more sophisticated discussions about the SEPs than their experienced science teacher counterparts. This study found evidence that science teachers are still building their knowledge of the SEPs, attending and interpretation are connected, and that attending and noticing of the SEPs may not be content specific. These findings have implications for the ongoing learning of teachers.
Clinical validation of the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Questionnaire in European Portuguese in a non-clinical sample
Authors: Ramalho Eva , Soares Ivo , Brardo Francisco Miguel , Nunes Amélia Fernandes
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The aim of this study is to determine the best cut-off value for the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version questionnaire and verify possible differences between the questionnaire score and different age groups.

Methods

The clinical validation of the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version was performed by completing this and the Ocular Surface Disease Index in Portuguese version questionnaire, in 180 volunteers (68.9% female), with an age range of 19–96 years.

Results

An excellent degree of reliability was found between the Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version and the Ocular Surface Disease Index Portuguese version questionnaires (Cronbach’s Alpha = 0.824). The Receiver Operating Characteristic curve analysis revealed a cut-off of 8 points (Sensitivity of 71.2% and Specificity of 71%). Furthermore, the area under the curve of the Receiver Operating Characteristic curve was 0.813, indicating that Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version questionnaire is a good diagnostic tool and interchangeable with the Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire.

Conclusion

The Standardized Patient Evaluation of Eye Dryness Portuguese version questionnaire is a reliable tool for the detection of dry eye symptoms in the Portuguese population with a broad age range.
Emotional Regulation in Substance-Related and Addictive Disorders Treatment: A Systematic Review
Authors: Chrétien Samuel , Giroux Isabelle , Smith Isabelle , Jacques Christian , Ferland Francine , Sévigny Serge , Bouchard Stéphane
Published: February 2025

Emotions play an undeniable role in addictive disorders. Given the high relapse and drop-out rates still prevalent in current treatments, it is crucial to explore curative alternatives that take greater account of emotions. The primary objective of this systematic review is to gather literature related to emotion regulation in psychological addictive disorders treatments. The aim is to describe its use for individuals with behavioral (such as gambling disorder, problematic Internet gaming, and Internet addiction) or substance-related disorders. Following a screening of nearly 12,000 articles from six databases and the grey literature, 38 studies that met the selection criteria were included. The results show that 63.2% of the studies had a psychological treatment predominantly based on emotional regulation, with 81.6% (n = 31) of third-wave cognitive-behavioral interventions. The most frequently utilized intervention techniques for emotional regulation were those that facilitated an individual's awareness of their emotional state or provided psychological education to assist in identifying emotions. It would be valuable for future research to explore the most effective content for emotional regulation in treating substance-related and addictive disorders and to determine the specific client population that would benefit the most from this treatment.
Single Step Depolymerization of Multiple Polyesters in Poly(Lactic Acid) Mixed Plastics: Process Optimization, Pure Monomers Extraction and Kinetics Evaluation
Authors: Attallah Olivia A. , Palkova Vasilisa , Vij Ria
Published: February 2025

Nowadays, most of the chemical recycling approaches for plastic waste aim primarily for the depolymerization of single polymer plastics or the multiple steps depolymerization of a plastic mixture which in both cases is considered time, cost and energy consuming. Herein, we present an optimized, single step approach for non-catalyzed hydrolysis of multiple polyesters in Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) mixed plastics under mild conventional heating. The proposed depolymerization process simultaneously breaks down plastic polyesters (mainly PLA and polyethylene terephthalate (PET)) into their value-added monomers; lactic acid in the form of Ca lactate and terephthalic acid (TPA) which are further separated and purified in a reduced number of steps. Box-Behnken Design was employed to maximize the conversion of plastics and the yields of the produced monomers through optimization of the depolymerization and monomer extraction conditions, all while adhering to the green chemistry principles. Within 30 min, and at 85 ⁰C temperature, the proposed hydrolysis technique facilitated 83–100% conversion of various PLA products (PLA Polymaker fibers (containing PLA, PET and other additives), PLA pellets and postconsumer PLA cups) into 763.8-929.6 mg/gplastic Ca lactate and 51.5 mg/gplastic TPA if PET was present. The proposed non-catalyzed process followed first order reaction kinetics with a small activation energy of 78.92 kJ/mol, resulting in an acceptable total energy consumption of 176.0 kJ/gplastic. The obtained monomers’ identity and purity were confirmed by FTIR analysis. Additionally, the waste reagents produced during the depolymerization and monomer extraction processes were regenerated for reuse in another cycle of depolymerization while maintaining good performance. The developed approach offers an economically attractive and ecologically sustainable solution for energy and cost-efficient recycling and upcycling of post-consumer plastic waste containing PLA combined with other polyesters.
Spectroscopic studies of molecules in sol-gel silica monoliths and thin films
Authors: Zink Jeffrey I.
Published: February 2025

This article about sol-gel research in North America is focused on transparent sol-gel silica monoliths and nano-structured thin films containing encapsulated molecules. The research was a collaborative effort carried out at the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA). Our research was focused on two goals: using optical spectroscopy to understand the chemical and physical changes occurring during the sol to the xerogel transformation; and using spectroscopy to understand what was happening to the molecules themselves after encapsulation. The first section is a brief discussion of molecular probes used to monitor in real time the hydrolysis, condensation, gelation and drying of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) formed in optical cuvettes. In the second section, we introduce dip coating of one hundred nanometer thin films and methods for measuring thickness and chemical changes in real time during film pulling. We include surfactant templated mesostructured films and real time observation of the structure development. Third, we design molecules to add to the initial sol such that they are placed in specific regions of the ordered structure of the templated film. We describe spectroscopic methods that prove their placement and use pairs of molecules for physical studies including intermolecular energy transfer. Finally, we describe “gentle” synthesis methods for encapsulating enzymes and other proteins that retain their optical and enzymatic properties. Spectroscopy provided quantitative information about the sol-gel processes, enzymatic activity, and optical sensor applications.

Graphical Abstract
Hyperprogression of brain metastases following initiation of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Jessurun Charissa A. C. , Siddi Francesca , Nawabi Noah L.A. , Hulsbergen Alexander F. C. , Lo Yu Tung , Jha Rohan , Smith Timothy R. , Broekman Marike L. D.
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) are increasingly being administered to cancer patients, including those with brain metastases (BMs). However, in a subset of cancer patients, ICI have shown to paradoxically accelerate tumor growth. This phenomenon is known as hyperprogressive disease (HPD). The aim of this study is to investigate the occurrence of HPD following initiation of ICI in BM patients.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 60 surgically treated patients with BMs from non-small cell lung cancer or melanoma who were administered ICI at the Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston between July 2008 and July 2018. BM tumor volumes before and after initiation of ICI were collected. HPD was defined as a ‘post-immunotherapy’ tumor growth rate (TGR) > 2 times ‘pre-immunotherapy’ TGR within three months following initiation of ICI.

Results

Among the 25 included patients treated with ICI, five patients showed HPD with an increase of post-immunotherapy TGR ranging from 4.9 to 207.7 times the pre-immunotherapy TGR. The median survival after initiation of ICI was was 8.0 months in the HPD cases and 13 months in the non-HPD patients.

Conclusion

HPD occurred in about 20% of BM patients receiving ICI. More research is necessary to prospectively analyze the occurrence of HPD and identify predictive factors for HPD in BM patients.
Preadmission medications and recent falls in older inpatients: an observational study
Authors: Clarkson Louise , Griffiths Anthony , Ng Shu-Kay , Lam Alfred K. , Khoo Tien K.
Published: February 2025

Background

Falls in older adults might increase due to polypharmacy.

Aim

This study aimed to explore the association between preadmission medications and history of falls in older inpatients.

Method

This observational study of inpatients aged ≥ 65 years was conducted over 4 years at Ballina Hospital, Australia. The Medication Regimen Complexity Index (MRCI), Drug Burden Index (DBI), and Anticholinergic Effect on Cognition (AEC) scores were calculated for preadmission medications. Polypharmacy and falls questionnaires were administered to identify falls in the past 6 months and aptitude toward medication use.

Results

Overall, 194 participants with a mean age of 80.2 (SD 8.0) years were included. The mean daily number of regular medications was 7.8 (SD 3.9) and the mean MRCI score was 22 (SD 12.6). Among the participants, 107 (55%) reported falls in the past 6 months and 47 (24%) reported ≥ 2 falls. Age and hearing impairment were positively associated with falls (p = 0.007 and p = 0.003, respectively). History of falls was positively associated with a MRCI score of ≥ 20 (p = 0.018), an AEC score of ≥ 2 (p = 0.010) and a DBI score of ≥ 1 after adjustment for age (p = 0.041). Forgetting medications was associated with falls (p = 0.043). Antihypertensive use did not increase falls risk.

Conclusion

Implementing a decisive approach to simplify complex medication regimens, along with patient-focused medication management strategies, may help reduce the risk of falls in older adults. Sedatives and anticholinergic medications increase the risk of falls and should be avoided whenever possible.
Linear recurrent sequences providing decomposition law in number fields
Authors: Hori Haruto , Kida Masanari
Published: February 2025

In their recent paper, Rosen, Takeyama, Tasaka, and Yamamoto constructed recurrent sequences that provide a decomposition law of primes in a Galois extension. In this paper, we reconstruct their sequences via the representation theory of finite groups and obtain an explicit description of the sequences.
Success in entrepreneurship: the impact of self-esteem and entrepreneurial orientation
Authors: Gómez-Jorge Fabiola , Bermejo-Olivas Sara , Díaz-Garrido Eloísa , Soriano-Pinar Isabel
Published: February 2025

Self-esteem and entrepreneurial orientation are crucial factors that influence entrepreneurial behavior and performance at both the individual and organizational levels. This study investigates the relationship between self-esteem and entrepreneurial orientation, focusing on how self-esteem may affect attitudes toward entrepreneurship, willingness to take risks, and, ultimately, entrepreneurial success. While previous research has acknowledged the importance of psychological factors in entrepreneurial intention and new venture creation, this study adopts a novel approach by centering self-esteem in the context of entrepreneurship within newly established companies. Given the complexity of the constructs involved, a qualitative approach is well-suited to address the exploratory nature of this research. We conducted a multiple-case study using semi-structured interviews with entrepreneurs from various sectors, which provided valuable insights into their personal experiences during their entrepreneurial journeys. The data were carefully analyzed using the Gioia method, a robust framework suitable for examining complex social phenomena and generating context-sensitive theories. This exploratory approach offers a nuanced understanding of the “how” and “why” behind the phenomena investigated, employing abductive reasoning to connect theory and observation. The results indicate a significant relationship between the variables, suggesting that self-esteem positively influences entrepreneurial orientation and, consequently, entrepreneurial success. These preliminary findings generate hypotheses for future research to further explore these relationships and ultimately validate the conclusions across different contexts. This research offers valuable insights for entrepreneurs, educators, and policymakers to develop strategies and support systems that foster self-esteem, enhance overall well-being, and promote entrepreneurial success.
Patient performance assessment methods for upper extremity rehabilitation in assist-as-needed therapy strategies: a comprehensive review
Authors: Ödemiş Erkan , Baysal Cabbar Veysel , İnci Mustafa
Published: February 2025

This paper aims to comprehensively review patient performance assessment (PPA) methods used in assist-as-needed (AAN) robotic therapy for upper extremity rehabilitation. AAN strategies adjust robotic assistance according to the patient’s performance, aiming to enhance engagement and recovery in individuals with motor impairments. This review categorizes the implemented PPA methods in the literature for the first time in such a wide scope and suggests future research directions to improve adaptive and personalized therapy. At first, the studies are examined to evaluate PPA methods, which are subsequently categorized according to their underlying implementation strategies: position error–based methods, force-based methods, electromyography (EMG), electroencephalography (EEG)-based methods, performance indicator–based methods, and physiological signal–based methods. The advantages and limitations of each method are discussed. In addition to the classification of PPA methods, the current study also examines clinically tested AAN strategies applied in upper extremity rehabilitation and their clinical outcomes. Clinical findings from these trials demonstrate the potential of AAN strategies in improving motor function and patient engagement. Nevertheless, more extensive clinical testing is necessary to establish the long-term benefits of these strategies over conventional therapies. Ultimately, this review aims to guide future developments in the field of robotic rehabilitation, providing researchers with insights into optimizing AAN strategies for enhanced patient outcomes.

Graphical Abstract
Acanthamoeba spp. in Dialysis Water: Assessing the Potential Risk of Transmission to Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tolba Mona Mohamed , Elhadad Heba , Abu Kabsha Shaban Hassan , El-Kady Nesma Seyam , Khalil Safia Saleh , Mohamed Amira Hussein , El-Taweel Hend Aly
Published: February 2025

Purpose

Acanthamoeba spp. can colonize various freshwater habitats. They are the causative agents of granulomatous amoebic encephalitis and can harbor many microorganisms. We studied the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in the water system of a hemodialysis unit and assessed the potential for transmission to hemodialysis patients.

Methods

Water samples collected from pretreatment and posttreatment water of the treatment station and from input and output water of the dialysis machines were cultured on non-nutrient agar supplemented with Escherichia coli. Blood samples from dialysis patients in the unit and from a control group in the same hospital were tested for anti-Acanthamoeba IgG antibodies.

Results

Acanthamoeba spp. were found in posttreatment water. They were more commonly found in the input water samples (79.2%), than in the output water samples (16.7%) (p = 0.001). Anti-Acanthamoeba IgG antibodies were present in 32.9% of patients and were absent in the control group (p = 0.002). The duration of hemodialysis was significantly longer in seropositive patients than in seronegative patients (p = 0.008).

Conclusion

The study highlights the presence of Acanthamoeba spp. in the dialysis system. The relatively high prevalence of anti-Acanthamoeba IgG antibodies and the link between dialysis duration and seropositivity emphasize the importance of rigorous water monitoring.
Analysing Roman itineraries using GIS tooling: the case of the road XIX (mansions from Tude to Luco Augusti)
Authors: Álvarez Patricia A. Argüelles- , Fernández Pedro Trapero-
Published: February 2025

Reconstruction of the Roman road network must be approached from different methodologies of multidisciplinary character. Once the traditional approaches have been exhausted without achieving a historiographical consensus, the problem may appear insurmountable. However, leveraging Geographic Information Systems (GIS) provides an avenue for re-evaluating existing proposals and suggesting more fitting layouts. This can be accomplished through a meticulous analysis that incorporates topographic and non-Euclidean correlations; allowing a more nuanced and accurate understanding of the subject matter than conventional methods might offer. In this context, the aim of this article is to discuss intriguing research points. But also emphasize the importance of multidisciplinary and multi-proxy studies in relation with the Roman terrestrial networks. We explore a case study in the Galician territory, where we have detected methodological shortcomings reconstructing the route of the XIX road: Item Bracaram Asturicam. One of the sections, from Tude to Luco Augusti, has aroused a greater debate, based on several basic problems: (1) the identification of the mansions, (2) the lack of consensus in the measurements of the distances, (3) the miles referred to in the classical sources, and (4) the complex orography of this territory. To propose answers and theories, that may solve the current problems of the description of this route of the XIX road, a multi- proxy approached methodology is proposed. Thus, by applying Geographic Information Systems techniques, we will be able to calculate the optimal path, and compare the results with historical data and archaeological evidence.
Comparative safety and efficacy of new-generation single-layer polytetrafluorethylene- versus polyurethane-covered stents in patients with coronary artery perforation for the RECOVER (REsults after percutaneous interventions with COVERed stents) Investigators
Authors: Voll Felix , Olivecronab Göran , Ferenc Miroslaw , Hellig Farrel , Schlundt Christian , Wöhrle Jochen , Cassese Salvatore , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Witkowski Adam , Xhepa Erion , Kuliczkowski Wiktor , Strauss Lisa , Schrage Benedikt , Joner Michael , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Cook Stephane , Miljak Tomislav , Eggebrecht Holger , Eeckhout Eric , Laugwitz Karl-Ludwig , Monsegu Jacques , Schunkert Heribert , Westermann Dirk , Kastrati Adnan , Dumonteil Nicolas , Birkemeyer Ralf , Kufner Sebastian
Published: February 2025

New-generation single-layer polytetrafluorethylene (PTFE-) or polyurethane (PU-) covered stent (CS) for the treatment of coronary artery perforation (CAP) during PCI offer high procedural efficacy. To evaluate the comparative long-term safety and efficacy of both devices. This is a multicenter pooled analysis of individual data of patients with CAP undergoing implantation of single-layer PTFE-CS or PU-CS. Procedural endpoint was strategy success defined as successful placement of CS and sealing of perforation without surgical conversion. Clinical endpoints were mortality, myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR) and definite or probable stent thrombosis (def/prob ST) at 12 months. Seventy patients with CAP underwent implantation of two hundred eight CS, ninety-two PTFE-CS, and one hundred sixteen PU-CS. More than 1 stent was implanted in 13 patients (17.1%) in PTFE-CS group and 19 patients (20.2%) in PU-CS group, P = 0.80. Strategy success was high (96.1% versus 92.5%., P = 0.62). At 12 months, 71 patients (93.2%) in PTFE-CS group versus 79 patients (81%) in the PU-CS were alive, P = 0.05; TVR occurred in 14 patients (28.4%) in PTFE-CS group and 12 patients (17.9%) in PU-CS group, P= 0.54; MI in 1 patient (1.3%) in PTFE-CS group and 1 patients (1.1%) in PU-CS group, P = 0.86. Rates of def/prob ST were comparable 1.3% in PTFE-CS versus 3.1% in PU-CS P = 0.95. A strategy of implantation of a new-generation single-layer PTFE- or PU-CS for the treatment of coronary artery perforation showed high success rates. Both new-generation CS showed favorable and similar clinical safety, in particular with regard to thrombotic events.

Graphical abstract
Comparison of the red fox gut microbiota among different habitat types in southern Anatolia
Authors: Akbaba Burak , Kucukyildirim Sibel , Ünal Hasan
Published: February 2025

Environmental conditions, especially diet, affect the diversity of gut microbiota (GM). This diversity within and between populations may influence the host’s health and fitness and, therefore, play an important role in adaptation. Regarding this, we collected fecal samples from natural, rural, suburban, and urban habitats to reveal the interaction between diet and compositional diversity of GM of a generalist carnivore, the red fox. The prokaryotic diversity of fecal microbiota was investigated by sequencing the 16S rRNA gene V3-V4 regions. A total of 46 archaeal and bacterial phyla were identified, with Bacillota being the most common phylum in most samples. The dominant genera in the GM of the red fox were Collinsella, Fusobacterium, Faecalibacterium, Escherichia-Shigella, and Blautia. Fusobacterium showed higher relative abundance in suburban (16.0%), natural (11.0%), and rural habitats (10.8%) compared to urban habitats (2.0%), indicating dietary differences of the red foxes that feed close to human settlements. Despite the observed differences in specific taxa, the overall microbial diversity remained relatively stable across the habitats. Our study determined the compositional changes of the GM of a wild animal for the first time in the Anatolian peninsula and revealed the effects of dietary changes, especially urbanization, on the diversity of GM of red foxes.
Optimization of volatile fatty acids from food wastes for polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesis
Authors: Moronkola Akeem A. , Oyedeko Kamilu F. K. , Patinvoh Regina J. , Akinbomi Julius G. , Wainaina Steven , Taherzadeh Mohammad J.
Published: February 2025

This study considered production of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) through anaerobic digestion of food wastes for subsequent usage as raw materials for polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) synthesis. Four types of food wastes including yam, plantain, pineapple, and watermelon peels, as well as their combinations, were initially digested anaerobically to determine the food wastes with highest production of VFA concentration. Yam and plantain peel mix was found to produce highest VFA concentration and yield, measuring 12.78 g/l and 0.64gVFA/gVS, respectively. This necessitated the use of the mix in a semi-continuous process for VFA production. For organic loading rate ranges between 1 and 4gVS/m3/day, acetic acid was observed to be dominant VFA accounting for 50.62% of total VFAs produced while butyric acid accounted for 29.84%. The statistical ANOVA regression, based on the experimental values obtained when VFA was used as a carbon source for PHA production, showed that the modeling algorithms provide a reasonably solid estimate of the PHA yield with the highest expected yield of 56.15% PHAs occurring at a VFA concentration of 2 g/l.
Notes on the Cheeger and Colding version of the Reifenberg theorem for metric spaces
Authors: Gigli Nicola , Violo Ivan Yuri
Published: February 2025

The classical Reifenberg’s theorem says that a set which is sufficiently well approximated by planes uniformly at all scales is a topological Hölder manifold. Remarkably, this generalizes to metric spaces, where the approximation by planes is replaced by the Gromov-Hausdorff distance. This fact was shown by Cheeger and Colding (J Differ Geom 46:406–480, 1997) in an appendix of one of their celebrated works on Ricci limit spaces. Given the recent interest around this statement in the growing field of analysis in metric spaces, in this note we provide a self contained and detailed proof of the Cheeger and Colding result. Our presentation substantially expands the arguments in Cheeger and Colding (1997) and makes explicit all the relevant estimates and constructions. As a byproduct we also show a biLipschitz version of this result which, even if folklore among experts, was not present in the literature. This work is an extract from the doctoral dissertation of the second author.
Effectiveness of Home_Positivity: A VR Program for Promoting Positive Mental Health. A Pilot Feasibility Study
Authors: Li Pira Giorgio , Ruini Chiara
Published: February 2025

Virtual reality (VR) has been recently used for the treatment of mental health conditions. While research shows symptom reduction, further investigation is required to ascertain the impact of VR on well-being indicators. This pilot study aims to assess the effectiveness of a new VR software, H.O.M.E (How to Observe and Modify Emotion)_Positivity, in promoting positive mental health, which implies addressing both psychological distress and well-being. A sample of 16 healthy college students participated in a six-session intervention involving individual interviews and VR experiences using H.O.M.E delivered at the university of Bologna. They were assessed before and after intervention and at 3-month follow-up with indicators of negative symptoms (i.e., Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) and the Negative affect scale of (PANAS) and of well-being (i.e., Mental Health Continuum (MHC) and the Positive Affect (PA) subscale of the PANAS. Moreover, they were asked to report their satisfaction and comments on the experience of the VR software. Following the intervention, participants reported significantly lower scores at DASS and higher scores at MHC and PA. In contrast, NA subscale score did not change significantly after the intervention or at three months follow-up. The results provide support to the use of H.O.M.E_Positivity for the promotion of positive mental health. Participants reported a reduction of psychological distress and improvement in well-being, and they were all highly satisfied and engaged while using the VR software. These findings indicate the potential value of this intervention, particularly in an increasingly digital society.
Wort‑, Begriffs- und Diskursgeschichte in Verbindung. Eine Untersuchung zum Begriff ›Leben‹ in deutschsprachigen Texten des Mittelalters (mit einer Fallstudie zu Wolframs Parzival)
Authors: Schwarzbach-Dobson Michael
Published: February 2025

Der Beitrag hat drei Zielsetzungen: Erstens soll ein theoretisches Modell skizziert werden, das Überlegungen der Historischen Semantik, der Begriffsgeschichte im Anschluss an Reinhart Koselleck und der Diskurstheorie gleichermaßen berücksichtigt und so Wort‑, Begriffs- und Diskursgeschichte in Verbindung bringt. Dieses Modell soll dann anschließend an einer Untersuchung des Begriffs ›Leben‹ in deutschsprachigen Texten des Mittelalters erprobt werden. Drittens weist eine Fallstudie zum Begriff ›Leben‹ in Wolframs von Eschenbach Parzival auf das Potential des Modells für literarische Analysen im engeren Sinne hin.