bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Monitoring of the mammal fauna by studying owl pellets: a case of small mammals in protected areas of Podillia
Authors:   Podilski Tovtry National Nature Park (Kamianets-Podilskyi, Ukraine), Drebet Mykhailo
Published: January 2023

Using owl pellets analysis to monitor mammals in protected areas makes it possible to accumulate a unique material to study the distribution and relative abundance of both common and rare species. Due to the ease of collecting and accumulating of pellets, this method helps to quickly obtain a large amount of material to monitor the changes in natural areas and objects during certain time intervals without interfering with the course of natural processes. The proportions of small-mammal species in the diet of most owls are representative of the proportions of species in their groups. Therefore, the pellet method can be used to organise monitoring of mammal species of natural regions. We analysed nearly 2000 pellets of several species of owls collected in Podillia in the course of the study. Pellets are mostly collected within protected areas. Small mammals form the basis of the diet of the studied species of owls. The diet of the short-eared owl is the most diverse, and it includes 18 species of small mammals. The common vole occurs the most often. The diet of other owl species is also diverse, in particular of the little owl, tawny owl, and eagle owl. As in the case of the short-eared owl, the main prey of the barn owl and grey owl is a common species—the common vole. The diet of the eagle owl, unlike others, is dominated by larger small-mammal species—brown rat, white-breasted hedgehog, and European hamster. In addition to common species, the analysis of owl pellets allows us to identify not only the most common, but also rare species, such as the European hamster, bicoloured shrew, lesser white-toothed shrew, and various bats. Therefore, the pellet method of research is highly effective in analysing the composition of the fauna and the structure of communities, of both prey and predator species. Owl pellet analysis is a valuable asset during small-mammal monitoring studies, and is especially useful for sampling of indicator small-mammal species during environmental impact assessments in protected areas. The method has considerable advantages compared to standard survey methods of small mammals— it does not require the removal of animals from the natural environment, which makes it relevant for use in protected areas.
Characteristics of winter bat aggregations in Poland: a review
Authors:   Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, PAN (Krakow, Poland), Postawa Tomasz
Published: January 2023

The distribution of natural wintering roosts of bats in Poland is not homogenous, and covers almost exclusively the south of Poland: the Kraków–Wieluń Upland, the Sudetes, the Carpathian and the Świętokrzyskie mountains. Man-made underground shelters, on the other hand, are found across the country, including areas outside the range of natural caves. Based on literature data and own observations, the size and species composition of winter bat aggregations occupying natural and artificial roosts were compared. The data concern records both published and collected between 1992 and 2019. The start date of the range was assumed due to the well-established formula of nationwide bat monitoring that started in 1988 (important factor: correctness of species identification), while the end date was based on the availability of publications. We arbitrarily adopted 50 individuals as the minimum number of bats in a certain wintering site, found at a minimum of one during the study period. In total, we collected data on 128 wintering sites: 42 natural and 86 man-made. The overall size of the analysed aggregations reaches at a minimum of 88 800 individuals of which man-made gathered at minimum 77 600 individuals, while natural gathered almost 12 200 individuals. The most abundant bat aggregations were recorded in man-made underground sites: up to 38 594 individuals, while in natural sites only up to 2900 individuals, but the average aggregation size did not differ between the two types of shelters (169 vs. 156, F = 3.368, df = 1,128; p = 0.069). In contrast, the number of species wintering in natural shelters is higher than in man-made ones (8 vs. 6 species, F = 9.785, df = 1.128, p = 0.002179). P. pipistrellus was found only in anthropogenic shelters. In addition, this type of shelters is characterised by a higher proportion of M. daubentonii (16.4% vs. 3.7%), M. myotis (42.0% vs. 29.1%), M. nattereri (26.4% vs. 16.5%), and B. barbastellus (11.3% vs. 7%), as well as species recorded incidentally: P. austriacus (0.09% vs. 0.04%) and E. serotinus (0.17% vs. 0.07%). In contrast, R. hipposideros (16.7%) and M. emarginatus (5.7%) were recorded almost exclusively in caves; moreover, M. brandtii/mystacinus (15.6% vs. 0.3%) and P. auritus (4.2% vs. 1.9%) were clearly predominant in these shelters. Some of these differences could be explained by the effect of geographical location: some species are found only in the south of the country (R. hipposideros, M. emarginatus), on the other hand, artificial shelters are usually characterised by more dynamic microclimate, preferred, in turn, by species rarely found in natural shelters.
Determination of age in representatives of the genus Sylvaemus by the degree of molar wear
Authors:   V. N. Karazin National University of Kharkiv (Kharkiv, Ukraine), Markovska Oksana
Published: January 2023

Various methods are used to identify representatives of the genus Sylvaemus, most of which are metric. In order to exclude anomalies in further calculations and to minimize allometric variations associated with the growth of animals, it is necessary to take into account age as an important factor of variability. Usually, a number of criteria are used to determine the age and describe the growth of mice: measurements of body and skull parameters, body weight, the degree molar wear, and the weight of the lens of the eye. Length is a more consistent guide for determining the age of mice than body weight, which usually ceases to be directly related to age after reaching adult size. Age can also be determined by the fusion of the epiphysis with the diaphysis in the bones of the limbs and by the degree of development of the thymus. Most often, teeth are used to determine age. Among such age criteria, we distinguish eruption and replacement of teeth sets, tooth growth in length, overgrowth of the tooth pulp cavity, tooth wear, and annual layers in the tooth tissues. Usually, the age of mice is determined by the degree of molar wear. Some authors do not consider this method universal due to individual feeding habits of animals and other environmental factors. The order of wear of tooth rows can sometimes change, and the degree of wear of the right and left tooth rows can also differ. The craniological collection of small mammals of O. V. Zorya, collected in the territory of Kharkiv Oblast, Ukraine, was studied. In total, 198 specimens of three species of the genus Sylvaemus were analysed: Sylvaemus uralensis, Sylvaemus sylvaticus, and Sylvaemus tauricus. Analysed were 14 odontometric and 23 craniological characters. Among the metric characters, four odontometric (LM2, WM1, LM2, LM123) and nine craniological characters (LIOC, LD, LFI, LPP, WCH, GLS, DI, LLM, LM) made the greatest contribution to the age group differentiation of mice of the genus Sylvaemus. Among the features that contributed the most to the differentiation, length measurements prevailed. LLM, LM123, LPP, LIOC, and GLS are the least variable metric characters. It is not possible to divide the sample of mice of the genus Sylvaemus into age groups based on odontometric and craniological character since the ranges of values of metric characters overlap.
Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) in the Ukrainian Polissia: a biogeographical analysis
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Zagorodniuk Igor , Rizun Elvira ,   Ukrainian National Forestry University (Lviv, Ukraine)
Published: January 2023

New and previous data on patterns of the geographical distribution of the Eurasian lynx in the Ukrainian part of Polissia is summarised with attention to the estimates of distribution limits of the species (the entire data set for 1847–2022 with attention to data after 2000). Inventory data for five groups of locations—Volyn–Rivne group, Zhytomyr Polissia, Chornobyl zone, Dniprо–Desna interfluve (Mizhrichia), and Chernihiv Polissia—are given, respectively 15, 25, 14, 12, and 13 records (80 in total). Important information, which does not contain accurate inventory data though characterises the distribution of the species, primarily in relation to the west of Polissia and the Chornobyl zone, for which there are many new publications, is also commented. The growth of the Polissian lynx population is naturally accompanied by the expansion of its distribution limits and, in fact, the restoration of the former Polissian range of the species in general. This process, however, significantly limits poaching—both because of the undesirability of living with a predator (i.e. persecution) and because of hunting (i.e. trophy hunting). A high rate of lynx deaths is shown, and in some regions a significant proportion of records (in particular, in the left-bank Polissia and throughout the southern distribution of the species in the region) are based on reports of animals caught by hunters (9 records). Taking into account the range of the species in the Polissia and the specifics of its current configuration, the article considers the importance of modern biogeographical coordinates in the distribution of the species, compares these boundaries with the previously established boundaries of the Polissia subprovince, and shows the growing significance of coordinates of anthropogenic origin, in particular large highways. In particular, the range limit of the species in the central part of the Polissia is determined by the highway M07, whereas in eastern Polissia by the M01+M02 routes, which generally outlines the Desna River. In all cases, we can talk about the process of restoration of the Polissian range of the lynx, but essentially all attempts of the species to ‘do so’ end in the death of colonist individuals. Practically being the last ‘indicative’ mammal species of the Polissia, the lynx has now actually lost this role and is unable to restore its former range; therefore, the current limits of its distribution are not natural.
Distribution limits of the European mole (Talpa europaea) in the south of Right-Bank Ukraine
Authors:   Kinburnska Kosa Regional Landscape Park (Ochakiv, Ukraine), Redinov Kostiantyn , Panchenko Pavel ,   Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Working Group (Odesa, Ukraine), Formaniuk Oleg ,   Azov-Black Sea Ornithological Working Group (Yuzhne, Ukraine)
Published: January 2023

The distribution range of the European mole (Talpa europaea) in the studied region has been presented differently in scientific publications that cover over 180 years of investigation. The current understanding of the species range also varies. Based on museum collections, literature data, own observations and personal communication of colleagues, we specify the border of the species range in the south of Right-bank Ukraine (mainly in the steppe zone). Original data were collected in the course of ornithological surveys in 2016–2021. Other data concern records of the species in 1900–2021; 21 records are confirmed by the collected specimens and 5 by photos. In addition, we list the palaeozoological records of the species. The analysis of data demonstrates that T. europaea in the study area (on the border of its range) is distributed unevenly. It is present along river valleys and forests in Bessarabia and in the Danube Delta and its tributaries (Odesa Oblast, Ukraine). Nearby is located a large enclave of the species in interfluve of the Prut and Dnister rivers (Moldova). From the forest-steppe, where the species is common, it penetrates the steppe zone along river valleys: the Southern Bug (Mykolayiv Oblast) and the Ingulets (Kirovohrad Oblast) and their tributaries. This is confirmed by both previous and recent records. Along the Dnipro River, south of Dnipro City, only palaeozoological records of the species are known (only from Dnipropetrovsk Oblast). In Kherson Oblast, no records of the species are known. The analysis of previous and recent finds of the species allows suggesting that T. europaea has been occurring in the study area for long time. The current climatic conditions, however, hinder the further expansion of the species in the region and/or the increase in its population density within the current range. The statement about the wide distribution of the species in the study area, which appeared at the beginning of the 20th century, in our opinion is based on interviewing data and confusion. The word ‘kroty’ (Ukrainian common name of T. europaea in plural) has been used to name not only T. europaea, but also Nannospalax leucodon, Spalax zemni, and Ellobius talpinus. Additional surveys along river valleys and in forest localities are needed for a more detailed description of the T. europaea distribution in the study region.
Red deer (Cervus elaphus) in the Chornobyl biosphere reserve: monitoring, ecology, and behaviour
Authors:   Chornobyl Radiation and Ecological Biosphere Reserve (Ivankiv, Ukraine), Zhyla Sergiy
Published: January 2023

Data on the number, monitoring system, ecology, and behaviour of red deer are presented. The most effective survey methods of the number and spatial distribution of deer turned out to be the survey of the number per roar (during the mating season) and transect survey for piles of faeces. The most significant factors limiting the population were established: wolf predation, the spread of invasive tree species, clonal marten grass, weak recovery of heather on the fires, and changes in behaviour (digging wells-watering holes). Under the conditions of the Chernobyl Reserve, the species is an effective ecosystem engineer able to a certain extent to restrain undesirable phenomena of ecosystem development. But this species is not able to independently restore degraded ecosystems, and in the Chernobyl Reserve, special projects are needed to restore natural forests, grazing areas for ungulates, and degraded ecosystems. Photos of antlers of adult deer makes it possible to reliably identify them. The specific shape of the antlers is preserved in the following year with the possibility of identification. The process of deer reintroduction in the Chornobyl Reserve, after the phase of intensive population growth, entered a state of dynamic equilibrium of the predator-prey system. After the fall in the number of wild boars (Sus scrofa) in 2015 the pressure of wolf predation probably increased. The current abundance of deer in the exclusion zone fluctuates around 30% throughout the year and is 3.8–2.6 thousand individuals with a population of about 3.4 thousand individuals during rut. Foraging conditions for deer and other herbivores slowly deteriorate over time due to the overgrowth of fallows with pine (Pinus sylvestris), expansion of invasive trees and clonal marten grass (Calamagrostis epigejos). Fires on a large area with piles of wood do not contribute to the creation of mosaic productive biotopes for deer. In the future, the number of deer and other herbivores may increase in the case of successful implementation of re-wilding projects, restoration of heather wastelands, natural forests, reduction of the spread of martens, introduction of a system of targeted fires to create patches of early successional vegetation. The creation of a scientific hub in the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, the involvement of volunteers in monitoring work, and the development of ecotourism will contribute to the strengthening of technical capabilities of conducting fieldwork, attracting volunteers and funding for restoration projects.
Memories of the life and creative path of Academician Vadym Topachevsky
Authors:   National Museum of Natural History, NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Rekovets Leonid ,   Wrocław University of Environmental and Life Sciences (Wrocław, Poland)
Published: January 2023

The article presents an analytical summary of the memories about Academician Vadym Oleksandrovych Topachevsky, a palaeomammalogist, whose creative path covers the second half of the 20th century. His contribution to the development of zoological science is highlighted and the qualities of his character are noted. The professor’s achievements in the field of palaeomammalogy, biostratigraphy, and palaeoecology, as well as palaeogeography are discussed. His role as a scientist in the formation of a holistic scientific direction of research—palaeomammalogy— in Ukraine and abroad is emphasized and substantiated. This was facilitated by his many years of activity as the director of the Institute of Zoology and the head of the Palaeontological Museum and the Theriological Society of Ukraine. Topachevsky substantiated morpho-functional dependencies in evolutionary morphology and defended the approach of Darwin’s theory. He asserted the relationship between morphology, function, and environment as the basis of the process of adaptation in his writings. He is author of new taxa of insectivorans (Lypotyphla), lagomorphs, and rodents (Rodentia). He presented revisions of the taxonomy and systematics of these groups, substantiated phylogenetic relationships in separate lines of Spalacidae, Cricetidae, Ellobius, Allophaiomys, and others. Topachevsky initiated innovative approaches to assess the role of mammalian assemblages in the dynamics of biocoenotic groups over time. He substantiated their chronological sequence depending on palaeoclimatic conditions and the manifestation of geological processes. His data formed the basis for the construction of the modern biostratigraphic scheme of the late Neogene and Pleistocene of Eastern Europe, which is successfully used today by practicing geologists. The main milestones of the social and personal life of the academician are also highlighted and the importance of his work in the formation of modern mammalogy in Ukraine and the training of zoologists is shown. The latter are today the basis of the Ukrainian Theriological Society, of which he was the president for many years. Under his leadership, palaeontological expeditions gathered notable collections of the mammal fauna, which are part of the National Heritage of Ukraine.
Codetections of Other Respiratory Viruses Among Children Hospitalized With COVID-19
Authors: Agathis Nickolas T. , Patel Kadam , Milucky Jennifer , Taylor Christopher A. , Whitaker Michael , Pham Huong , Anglin Onika , Chai Shua J. , Alden Nisha B. , Meek James , Anderson Evan J. , Weigel Andy , Kim Sue , Lynfield Ruth , Smelser Chad , Muse Alison , Popham Kevin , Billing Laurie M. , Sutton Melissa , Talbot H. Keipp , George Andrea , McMorrow Meredith , Havers Fiona P. ,   CDC COVID-NET Surveillance Team, Kirley Pam Daily , Kawasaki Breanna , Yousey-Hindes Kimberly , Openo Kyle P. , Nunez Val Tellez , Bilski Kayla , Ropp Susan L. , Barney Grant R. , Bennett Nancy M. , Shiltz Eli , Abdullah Nasreen , Schaffner William , Hill Mary
Published: January 2023

OBJECTIVES

To assess the clinical impact of respiratory virus codetections among children hospitalized with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.

METHODS

During March 2020 to February 2022, the US coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-Associated Hospitalization Surveillance Network (COVID-NET) identified 4372 children hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection admitted primarily for fever, respiratory illness, or presumed COVID-19. We compared demographics, clinical features, and outcomes between those with and without codetections who had any non-SARS-CoV-2 virus testing. Among a subgroup of 1670 children with complete additional viral testing, we described the association between presence of codetections and severe respiratory illness using age-stratified multivariable logistic regression models.

RESULTS

Among 4372 children hospitalized, 62% had non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory virus testing, of which 21% had a codetection. Children with codetections were more likely to be <5 years old (yo), receive increased oxygen support, or be admitted to the ICU (P < .001). Among children <5 yo, having any viral codetection (<2 yo: adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.1 [95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–3.0]; 2–4 yo: aOR 1.9 [95% CI 1.2–3.1]) or rhinovirus/enterovirus codetection (<2 yo: aOR 2.4 [95% CI 1.6–3.7]; 2-4: aOR 2.4 [95% CI 1.2–4.6]) was significantly associated with severe illness. Among children <2 yo, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) codetections were also significantly associated with severe illness (aOR 1.9 [95% CI 1.3–2.9]). No significant associations were seen among children ≥5 yo.

CONCLUSIONS

Respiratory virus codetections, including RSV and rhinovirus/enterovirus, may increase illness severity among children <5 yo hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Efficiency, limitations, and familiarization of a novel negative pressure aerosol box for intubation: a simulation-based randomized crossover study
Authors: Park Youngbin , Sung Ki Sub , Kim Ji Hoon , Myung Jinwoo , Hong Ju Young
Published: January 2023

Objective This study aimed to introduce a novel negative pressure aerosol box (Carrycure Isolator) and to test its efficiency and limitations, with the hope of suggesting improvements and further directions.Methods A novel aerosol box (Carrycure Isolator) was invented. A single-center, randomized, crossover simulation study of 28 emergency medicine physicians was designed. Three trials of each participant using an intubation manikin were conducted, including intubation without the aerosol box (trial A), intubation with the aerosol box (trial B), and intubation with the aerosol box after familiarization (trial C). The primary endpoint was the time to intubation. The secondary endpoints were first-attempt success, number of attempts, percentage of glottic opening score, and Cormack-Lehane view. Collected data were statistically analyzed for their significance.Results The median times to intubation of trials A, B, and C were 30.5 (interquartile range [IQR], 28.0–40.0 seconds), 59.0 (IQR, 50.0–75.5 seconds), and 34.0 seconds (IQR, 30.5–47.0 seconds), respectively. Post hoc analysis showed that the time to intubation in trial B was significantly longer than that in trial A (P<0.05), while that the time to intubation in trial C was significantly shorter than that in trial B (P<0.05). Results concerning secondary endpoints showed similar patterns. Participants reported performing intubation with Carrycure Isolator to be relatively difficult, necessitating significant arm movement and view restrictions while increasing their time to intubation.Conclusion Physicians took a longer time to intubate a manikin using the Carrycure Isolator, a novel negative pressure aerosol box. However, the time was improved after a period of familiarization.
[Traducción al español] Perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de jugadores juveniles de baloncesto costarricenses
Authors: Gutiérrez-Vargas Randall , Ugalde-Ramírez José Alexis , Pino-Ortega José , Trejos-Moya José Andrés , Blanco-Romero Luis , Sánchez-Ureña Braulio , Gutiérrez-Vargas Juan Carlos , Rojas-Valverde Daniel
Published: January 2023

El objetivo de este estudio fue describir un perfil antropométrico, aeróbico y de potencia muscular de basquetbolistas juveniles costarricenses según sexo, posiciones de juego y categoría de edad. Se evaluaron 99 jugadores juveniles (43 mujeres y 56 hombres; 18 bases, 51 aleros y 30 pívots; 42 categoría U16 y 57 categoría U18) de ocho equipos diferentes. La experiencia deportiva de los jugadores fue de 6.5 ± 3.1 años. Se realizaron las siguientes evaluaciones: altura, peso, índice de masa corporal, masa músculo-esquelética, porcentaje de grasa, prueba de contramovimiento (CMJ) y prueba de Yo-Yo de Recuperación Intermitente Nivel I. Los principales resultados mostraron valores significativamente mayores en hombres que en mujeres en peso, talla, masa músculo-esquelética, distancia recorrida en la prueba Yo-Yo, en el VO2max, altura en el CMJ y en el tiempo de vuelo. El porcentaje de grasa fue mayor en mujeres que en hombres. Los jugadores pívots presentaron significativamente mayor estatura, peso corporal y porcentaje degrasa que las otras posiciones de juego. Los bases y los aleros cubrieron más metros en la prueba Yo-Yo y tuvieron mayor VO2máx que los pívots. Entre las categorías U16 y U18 no se encontraron diferencias significativas en ninguna variable. Modelos de regresión mostraron la influencia del peso, porcentaje de grasa corporal, masa músculo esquelética y la edad sobre el VO2máx y CMJ. Como conclusión, según el sexo y las posiciones de juego de los jugadores, estos indicadores variaron. Además, esta información será útil para procesos de promoción, desarrollo y diseño de entrenamientos de baloncesto juvenil en Costa Rica.
Aislamiento y confinamiento: La otra pandemia en el ámbito social
Authors:   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Hernández Quirama Andrea , Rojas Betancur Hector Mauricio ,   Universidad Industrial de Santander, Linares García Johana
Published: January 2023

Introducción: El aislamiento y el confinamiento son medidas de alto impacto social que, a nivel mundial y en mayor o menor grado de intensidad, han provocado cambio, temporales o permanentes, respecto a la forma en que se realizan las interacciones sociales. Objetivo: realizar un estudio en el ámbito de lo doméstico y de las modificaciones externas que obligaron a un encierro drástico en la población colombiana en los primeros meses de la pandemia por la COVID-19. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio con enfoque cualitativo a partir de la aplicación de entrevistas en profundidad a 45 participantes residentes en la ciudad de Bucaramanga, Colombia, logrando la reconstrucción de rutas de vida para evaluar el momento más drástico del encierro de la población. Resultados: Desde los hallazgos, se resalta la capacidad de asimilación de las fuertes medidas de confinamiento, la colectivización de las justificaciones más legitimadas desde el discurso médico y la construcción de medidas de autocuidado constituidas en el ámbito de lo doméstico como lugar y espacio relacional clave para enfrentar la incertidumbre social frente a la ausencia de respuestas efectivas para el control del contagio y de la enfermedad. Conclusión: El drástico encierro de la población colombiana a partir de las medidas transitorias, conlleva una alta incertidumbre de los grupos familiares, pero también una respuesta generalmente positiva.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ВПЛИВУ МУЛЬТИМЕДІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ НА ЯКІСТЬ ЗАСВОЄННЯ НАВЧАЛЬНОГО КОНТЕНТУ
Authors: Іванова Л. В. , Джабраілов Д. В.
Published: January 2023

В статті проведено аналіз використання мультимедійних технологій у освітньому процесі,  представлені результати аналізу навчального контенту створеного з застосуванням мультимедійних засобів. Визначені основні групи навчального та довідникового мультимедійного контенту. Проведено аналіз мультимедійних засобів та визначена їх частка у навчальних курсах відомих освітніх платформ. Представлена методика проведення експериментального дослідження щодо визначення впливу мультимедійних засобів навчального контенту на якість засвоєння навчального контенту. Визначені етапи проведення експериментального дослідження щодо впливу мультимедійних засобів подання навчального контенту на якість засвоєння навчального матеріалу.  Для проведення дослідження розроблена діагностувальна програма. Модулі програми дозволяють провести всі етапи експериментального дослідження впливу мультимедійних технологій на якість сприйняття навчального матеріалу здобувачами освіти. Представлені результати експериментального дослідження проведені серед здобувачів освіти коледжу. Представлена модель взаємодії учасників експериментального дослідження. Надано рекомендації щодо використання методики для створення якісного навчального контенту для певних категорій здобувачів освіти.
ЕКСЕРГЕТИЧНЕ ДІАГНОСТУВАННЯ НЕПОЛАДОК У КОМПОНЕНТАХ ТЕПЛОВОГО НАСОСУ У ЗМІННИХ РЕЖИМАХ РОБОТИ
Authors: Некрашевич О. В. , Волощук В. А.
Published: January 2023

Впродовж роботи теплоенергетичних систем показники роботи окремих компонентів можуть поступово відхилятися від проектних. У свою чергу це призводить до зниження енергетичної ефективності системи в цілому. Враховуючи взаємовплив між окремими компонентами, актуальною є задача кількісного оцінювання та ідентифікації тих компонентів, неполадки в яких впливають як на інші компоненти, так і на систему в цілому. У свою чергу це дасть можливість ефективно реалізувати предиктивне обслуговування системи.
В роботі, на основі ексергетичного аналізу запропоновано подальше розроблення та реалізацію методу діагностування неполадок в роботі компонентів теплового насосу системи теплозабезпечення з урахуванням змінних режимів роботи.
Показано, що визначення відхилень найбільш відомих параметрів компонентів від їх проектних значень не дає об’єктивної інформації щодо впливу цих відхилень на систему в цілому. Крім того, така інформація може призвести до помилкових висновків щодо неполадок у компонентах.
Використання в якості ключового показника діагностування умов роботи компонентів теплоенергетичної системи ендогенної частини деструкції ексергії та динаміку її зміни дає змогу ідентифікувати, кількісно оцінити неполадки в компонентах та їх вплив як на ефективність інших компонентів так і на ефективність системи в цілому.
Запропонований для досліджуваних умов сценарій предиктивного обслуговування теплового насосу дав можливість зекономити від 10 до 16% електроенергії за один опалювальний сезон.
РОЗРОБКА СИСТЕМИ ДІАГНОСТУВАННЯ СУДНОВИХ ХОЛОДИЛЬНИХ УСТАНОВОК
Authors: Очеретяний Ю. О.
Published: January 2023

Надійність та енергоефективність технічної експлоатації СХУ багато в чому залежить від своєчасного виявлення недоліків у роботі механізмів, та прийняття своєчасних об'єктивних рішень на підставі отриманих у режимі реального часу та оброблених термодинамічних параметрів за допомогою програмовано-логічних контролерів (ПЛК)
Capital with Eagles from Laspi
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Kirilko Vladimir
Published: January 2023

Introduction. In 1978–1980, during the excavations of a 10th – 11th century’s house in Laspi, were found fragments of marl capital, which was decorated with eagle figurines. The aim of the study is reconstruction of this architectural detail and the introduction of the artifact into scientific circulation. Methods. The methodological basis of the studies is made up of a detailed description, graphic interpretation and formal-stylistic analysis of the fragments. The method of analogies is used in restoring of structural links and identifying of individual elements, which were completely or partially lost. Analysis. Among the surviving fragments all the main parts are represented. They do not fit together, but structurally and compositionally complement each other, which makes it possible to relatively reliably restore the original appearance of an architectural detail. The capital consisted of two zones and had exquisite carved decor. The relief images of the birds that supported the edges of the abacus are made with the utmost anatomical precision. The lower part of the artifact was decorated with four identical leaves of acanthus, which were made using the technique of a small tooth. Each of them was framed by an arch. Results. The capital is a unique piece of local stone sculpture of the 10th century, exact analogies of which are unknown neither in the territory of Crimea, nor over its borders. While it was making, the master could use an early Byzantine product as a sample, which was subsequently lost or has not yet been found.
Some Geometrical Motifs in Caucasus and in Cappadocia in the Middle Ages: Meditations About Its Origin and Interpretation
Authors:   Institute of Oriental Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Endoltseva Ekaterina , Shevchenko Danil ,   Institute of Foreign Languages of Shenyang Normal University
Published: January 2023

Introduction. The article deals with the frescoes of the specific style “red signs” on the rock. They were widespread in the architectural monuments of Cappadocia. The focus of the research is the motifs of triangular and rhombus (with the dots inside and without it) between the 9th and 10th centuries. Methods. These motifs are compared to the similar images on the stone reliefs (architectural decoration) from the territory of the Northern Caucasus and Western Georgia of the medieval period. A certain number of common features are underlined and studied. Analysis. In both situations the representations are made in primitive planar graphic style with the minimal set of technical means. The iconographical repertoire is rich in zoomorphic images (their biological identification is difficult to determine), geometrical signs, and rosettes. The origins of the motif are traced back up to the ancient cultures in Asia Minor, Caucasus and the Near East. Its development is shown by means of ethnographical witnesses. Results. In conclusion, there is supposition that the permanent presence of the motif in sacral and traditional every day culture of the Northern Caucasus and Western Georgia is due to the influence of the Koban-Colchis cultural and historical community. In medieval Christian culture, it could have function of apotropeia. So, the article deals with the specific aspect of very interesting theme that is the culture of the barbaric periphery of the Byzantine empire in the period between 9th and 10th centuries.
Itineraries of Medieval Slavic Legal Texts: Byzantine “Farmer’s Law” in Ms. Slav. 466 from Hilandar Monastery
Authors:   Institute for Bulgarian Language, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Tsibranska-Kostova Mariyana
Published: January 2023

The author aims to summarize, analyze, and supplement the knowledge about the Slavic copy of the Byzantine Farmer’s Law in Ms. Slav 466 from Hilandar monastery, second quarter of the 15th century. It has long been in the focus of Serbian philology and history of law. The current observations refer to the following spheres: the relationship between text and manuscript, the axiological significance of precedential texts in culture, the importance of this copy for Byzantine-Slavic interactions in the legal system, the uninterrupted cultural role of Holly Mountain’s monasteries for Eastern Christian culture. The Slavic copy of the “Farmer’s Law” in Hil. 466 is unique by structure and peculiarities. The manuscript testifies to the only known combination of the Farmer’s Law and the Prochiron in the South Slavic tradition. It is hypothesized that this combination was a conscious choice of the compilers of the collection influenced by tendencies in the post-Byzantine tradition. It corresponded to the strong anti-heretical line of the overall manuscript, inherited from the struggles against heresies on Mount Athos in the 14th century. The manuscript is a typical monastic miscellany. The linguistic nature of the “Farmer‘s Law” copy reveals its undoubted South-Slavic character, without russification, strongly influenced from the Greek protograph. Copy and translation may probably be of close chronology. Owing to being a precedential text, the Slavonic copy of the “Farmer’s Law” in Ms. Slav. 466 holds a special place in the attempts of reconstructing the stages and processes of reception of the Byzantine juridical legacy among South Slavs, of establishing the geographic-areal scope and the cultural itineraries of the spread of this text.
Byzantine Iron Processional Crosses of Eastern Taurica
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of Crimea of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Maiko Vadim
Published: January 2023

Introduction. A special category of Byzantine Christian liturgical objects is the iron crosses with an elongated lower beam. Scientists have established that they were used by the population of the provincial-Byzantine settlements of southern Taurica for a variety of liturgical purposes. Based on this, almost all discovered objects are divided into types and produced in a relatively narrow chronological framework. For eastern Taurica, such products were not analyzed and were not compared with southern coastal materials, which make this work relevant. The source base of the work consists of 8 iron crosses, which could not be used as pectoral. Five different-time products were recorded during excavations of medieval Sugdeja. Two objects were found during excavations of the Otuzy 2 settlement (8th – 10th centuries) on the border of the Sudak and Feodosia regions. One cross comes from excavations of the settlement of Artesian in the Leninsky district. Only three of these crosses are published. Methods and materials. Standard methods of comparative stylistic analysis were used. Analysis. A careful analysis of the archaeological contexts of object discovery and the most striking analogies allow us to distinguish several chronological groups that differ in both morphology and origin. Results. The obtained data allow us to distinguish three chronological groups of crosses from the turn of the 9th – 10th centuries and until the first half of the 15th century. All of them differ not only in morphological features, but also in functional purpose. Despite this, most of the iron crosses considered could be used as processional crosses.
The Concept “Res Publica” and Its Reception in Byzantine Law: Transliterations
Authors:   Institute of World History of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Vin Yury
Published: January 2023

The problem of reception of the concept “res publica” is complex and multifaceted. It has been thoroughly studied in relation to the period of the Middle Ages. The task of the author is to demonstrate, that the possibilities of applying the information approach in the field of cognitive surveying to reveal the content of receptions and Latin-Greek transliterations of the concept “res publica” with the help of the Expert System “Byzantine Law and Acts”. The comparisons of Greek translations and compilations with their Latin prototypes of Byzantine law prove: their compilations did not necessarily follow their prototypes in conveying the notion of “res publica”. It, as a rule, was replaced by other Greek concepts and word-combinations. For them, as well as their Latin prototypes, a certain semantic ambiguity is evident. Accordingly, the medieval Byzantine jurists felt the need to use the direct reception of the Latin concept “res publica”, in particular “rei publicae causa”. It served as the subject of attention and professional lawyers used this concept to interpret and explain the content of the sources of medieval Byzantine law. Noticeable discrepancies in the recording forms of the identified receptions and Greek transliterations of the concept “res publica” are probably due to individual characteristics of Medieval Byzantine lawyers and their professional qualifications. The direct borrowings of the concept “res publica causa” or its transliterations, revealed in medieval Byzantine law monuments, were purely terminological in most cases. It, if it is admissible, may be considered as a kind of cultural phenomenon. The article includes the parts: Introduction, The Receptions and Transliterations, Theophili Antecessoris “Paraphrasis Institutionum”, “Librorum Basilicorum LX”, Scholia in “Librorum Basilicorum LX”, Other Compilations, Conclusions, as well as too additions: Appendix 1. Direct Receptions and Transliterations of the Concept “Res Publica” and Terminology Ascending to It and Appendix 2. Distribution of Receptions and Transliterations of the Concept “Rei Publicae causa”.
A Worthless Prince? Andreas Palaiologos in Rome 1464–1502: The Renewed Version
Authors:   University of London, Harris Jonathan
Published: January 2023

Andreas Palaiologos (1453–1502), the nephew of Emperor Constantine XI and claimant to the Byzantine imperial title from exile in Rome, has been dismissed by historians as an insignificant person who spent most of his life in poverty thanks to his own improvidence. This article exploits documentation from the Archivio Segreto Vaticano, the Archivio di Stato di Venezia and other archive collections to demonstrate that many of the charges made against him by contemporaries cannot be substantiated. There were other reasons behind his financial difficulties, such as the constant curtailment of his pension and his need to support other émigré Byzantines who formed his household. In view of that, his activities need to be reassessed. Looked at dispassionately, they can be seen as a continuation of a policy pursued by Byzantine emperors and their advisers since the second half of the fourteenth century. They had consistently sought to enrol the assistance of Russia and the Christian West against the Ottoman Turks. Three of them, John V, Manuel II and John VIII had travelled to Italy and beyond to negotiate this assistance in person and their envoys had ranged much further afield. Their appeals did give rise to two crusades against the Ottomans in 1395 and 1443 but they were unable to save Constantinople in 1453. Nevertheless, Andreas’ travels to Western courts and to Russia should be seen in the light of those made by his forebears. Similarly, his attempts to organise armed incursions into Ottoman territory and his adoption of the imperial title were not the products of delusion or mere affectation but a claim to leadership among Balkan exiles in the West.
Energy of the “Damned Side of Things”
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Makarov Andrey
Published: January 2023

The concept of "energy" formed the basis of numerous concepts of European philosophy: from Aristotle to J. Baudrillard. Beginning with Aristotle, the concept of energy refers to being in its statics and becoming. The ancient and medieval theories of energy are developed within the framework of the essentialist approach. According to this approach, the world is a system of emerging, developing and collapsing things. Energy is movement. This ontological approach to the study of the problem of energization of developmental processes in modern times has practically disappeared from the writings of philosophers. It has been replaced by physicalist energyism. Energy is the potential for things to move. In the 20th century, the issue of energy is again updated in all its aspects. The French philosopher J. Baudrillard considers such a source of energy, which he calls the "principle of Evil." This is the principle of destruction, destruction, which keeps systems alive. Baudrillard describes the mechanism for generating energy, which he calls the energy of the "damned side of things": inside the system there are asystem elements that resist centripetal forces, giving life to centrifugal forces. The cursed side of a thing releases energy for the construction of new elements of the system, but this energy is produced by those processes that are condemned by society. The French philosopher comes to the conclusion that various types of destruction are necessary for systems to survive. The destruction of a part of the system allows it to develop immunity, teaches the system more complex behavior when adapting to the environment. According to the philosopher, systems oriented towards stability as a heavenly artificial state, paradoxically turn into an "artificial hell" and tend to death.
Between Age and Digitalisation: Health Care Practices of Elderly People in St Petersburg
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Orekh Ekaterina
Published: January 2023

The article reveals the view of the 60+ age group in relation to appreciable digitalisation trends of the health-care sector. The purpose of the article is to analyse the situation of using digital ways to take health care among elderly residents of the Russian city. We would like to reconstruct their views of the new practices, using qualitative sociological methodology. A telephone survey of 861 residents of St Petersburg was conducted in August 2021 using a quota sample to assess the extent to which digital technology has been integrated into health practices. 90 semi-structured interviews were conducted (14 interviews with the 60+ age group) between October 2020 and April 2021. The interviews served as one source of explanation for the trends found in the survey. Data from the telephone survey gave an insight into how much the elderly "60+" differ in their practices from other age groups. There was also an analysis of differences in the way in which the elderly group cared for their health. It turns out that there is a sharp decline in digital activity at age 65+. Members of the 60+ group are less likely to use practices such as remote communication with a doctor, digital self-tracking, taking care of emotional well-being, visiting specialised online communities, watching bloggers' posts about health, participating in marathons and games. What these ways of caring for health have in common is the parameter of 'novelty'. However, the problem is not only the inability of older people to adopt new practices quickly. According to the interviews, one of the reasons why the 60+ age group is less engaged in digital health practices is their perception of what is useful and rational.
Typology of Self-Preservation Behavior of the Population in a Pandemic
Authors:   Ulyanovsk State University, Galkina Elena , Kadnichanskaya Marina ,   Ulyanovsk State University, Vlasova Natalia ,   Ulyanovsk State University
Published: January 2023

Health and problems of human self-preservation behavior are of particular importance, they affect the nature of social interaction of the individual, the alignment of its individual priorities and occupy an important place in the hierarchy of social values and norms. Preserving the health of the population of Russia and its regions is one of the most significant state tasks today.The changes associated with the spread of the new COVID-19 coronavirus infection in the world and in our country have affected all processes (economic, political and socio-cultural) without exception. In the changed conditions, the population is forced to revise their scenarios and strategies of behavior and adapt to new living conditions. The purpose of the article is to identify and describe the most common types of selfpreservation behavior of the population in a pandemic and a number of restrictions associated with the spread of a new infection for subsequent use of empirical research data in the practice of social management in the Ulyanovsk region. The work of domestic and foreign researchers in the field of health, self-preservation behavior is analyzed. The results of the author's sociological study "Health and self-preservation behavior of residents of the Ulyanovsk region in a pandemic", carried out in July-August 2021 with the financial support of the Ulyanovsk Public Foundation "Regional Analytics. Professional research. Ratings" (RAPIER).The empirical basis of the study was the data of the territorial body of the Federal State Statistics Service for the Ulyanovsk region and the results of author's sociological surveys: a mass questionnaire survey among residents of Ulyanovsk and the region and focused interviews in groups. The IBM SPSS Statistics program was used to analyze empirical data. To construct specific types of behavior, the "decision tree" method was used, which allowed us to identify eight variants of self-preserving behavior. Seven types of self-preservation behavior have been identified among the population of the Ulyanovsk region out of eight possible variants. Among them, the most numerous and small types of behavior are highlighted. Regional peculiarities of the spread of these types of behavior in the Ulyanovsk region are presented. It is noted that in modern conditions, most residents of the Ulyanovsk region single out health as their main value.