bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Security Analysis of the Draft National Standard «Neural Network Algorithms in Protected Execution. Automatic Training of Neural Network Models on Small Samples in Classification Tasks»
Authors: Marshalko Grigory Borisovich , Romanenkov Roman Alexandrovich , Trufanova Julia Anatolievna
Published: April 2024

We propose a membership inference attack against the neural classification algorithm from the draft national standard developed by the Omsk State Technical University under the auspices of the Technical Committee on Standardization «Artificial Intelligence» (TC 164). The attack allows us to determine whether the data were used for neural network training, and aimed at violating the confidentiality property of the training set. The results show that the protection mechanism of neural network classifiers described by the draft national standard does not provide the declared properties. The results were previously announced at Ruscrypto’2023 conference.
Effective Implementation of the Fast Multipole Method for Particle Interaction with Newtonian Potential
Authors: Aushev Viktor Mikhailovich
Published: April 2024

We consider rotation-based fast multipole method for the Laplace equation and its application in cases where particle interactions are governed by the Biot—Savart law. The paper presents the necessary formulas for algorithm implementation and addresses less frequently discussed topics, such as the normalization of spherical harmonics and the associated Wigner matrices normalization. The main focus of the paper is devoted to describing the details of the software implementation that significantly accelerate the performance of the code both on CPU and GPU (using CUDA technology). We provide a comprehensive explanation of proposed techniques and include code examples. We have implemented a C++ program using these methods and conducted a comparative analysis with open-source implementations of the fast multipole method, confirming the high efficiency of our approach.
G.F. Miller’s Dictionary “Description of Pagan Peoples Living in Kazan Province, such as Cheremis, Chuvash and Votyaks...” as a Valuable Source for Studying the Tatar Language of the 18th Century (based on LingvoDoc material)
Authors: Nurieva Fanuza Shakurovna , Galiullina Gulshat Raisovna , Yusupov Airat Faikovich
Published: April 2024

This article presents the results of an analysis of three dictionaries by G.F. Miller, which were created in the 18th century and are hosted on the LingvoDoc platform (lingvodoc.ispras.ru). Miller’s manuscript dictionaries from the collection of the Russian State Archive of Ancient Documents (RSAAD) are introduced into scholarly discourse for the first time. The analysis reveals: 1) in the 18th century, all consonant transitions in the Tatar language had already been completed; 2) at this time, some vowels (known as the Volga region vowels) had not yet completed their transition process, and for [*o] and [*u], this process had not even begun; 3) in the 18th century, dialectal zones were already identified in the Tatar language; 4) the 1791 period Cyrillic-script dictionary differs in innovations from modern Tatar language and Latin-script dictionaries; 5) Latin-script dictionaries are closer to the modern Tatar literary language.
Ontology for Architectural Knowledge Condensation in a Co-Localized Agile Environment
Authors: Luis Robles José , Borrego Gilberto , Palacio Ramón René , Barrera Francisco-Edgar Castillo
Published: April 2024

Agile software development companies considered small entities (VSE) face a new reality of remote development. Remote communication has generated many videos derived from video calls recorded for later reference. The video calls recorded contains architectural knowledge from virtual meetings and is essential for companies facing the knowledge vaporization problem. However, only some proposals in the literature can potentially manage AK in videos. This article proposes a solution to recover this architectural knowledge contained in videos using an ontology as a classification scheme, following the architectural knowledge condensation concept. We validated our proposal to manage architectural knowledge following the Methontology guidelines. Implementing an ontology as a classification scheme represents a step forward to achieving the condensation of architectural knowledge in an agile development environment for VSE.
Detecting Potentially Clobbered Variables due to the Use of Nonlocal Jumps Functions
Authors: Shugaley Nikita Yurievich , Ivanishin Vladislav Anatolevich , Monakov Alexander Vladimirovich
Published: April 2024

The reason of undefined behavior is source code written in violation of the C language standard. Undefined behavior leads to vulnerabilities in software. One of the common sources of undefined behavior is an incorrect use of functions for nonlocal jumps (in particular setjmp and longjmp). This paper considers the means of detecting this type of undefined behavior which are implemented in the major modern compilers (GCC, Clang, MSVC). We conclude that these means either have significant disadvantages or are absent in some compilers. This paper presents the implementation of a new method of compiler warning of the considered undefined behavior. The described method is accurate enough for practical application on real projects. We consider the advantages of the proposed solution over similar existing ones.
Variedad urbana en contextos de viviendas de interés social en Costa Rica
Authors: Von Breymann Helga
Published: April 2024

En Costa Rica, al igual en otros países de América Latina, las dinámicas socioespaciales recientes han provocado que los grupos de población residentes de viviendas de interés social vean limitadas sus oportunidades de acceder a ellas en suelo urbano accesible y bien dotado. Por el contrario, han tenido que ir a vivir a las periferias residenciales; zonas homogéneas de poca variedad y complejidad, poco accesibles y con importantes carencias. Este estudio analiza la variedad urbana de dos ámbitos donde se han construido proyectos de vivienda de interés social en años recientes. Los datos, recopilados de fuentes institucionales y construidos a partir de trabajo de campo, permiten generar unos índices para evaluar la variedad socioeconómica de la población, la variedad del soporte físico y la variedad de usos y actividades en los contextos estudiados. Los resultados muestran que los complejos residenciales presentan importantes carencias en las diferentes dimensiones de la variedad urbana, y que los ámbitos donde se han construido ofrecen a sus habitantes limitadas opciones de acceder a servicios, comercio, transporte, etc., reafirmando las tendencias de exclusión socioespacial para los grupos de población más vulnerables.
Applying energy justice metrics to photovoltaic materials research
Authors: Dutta Nikita S. , Mirletz Heather , Arkhurst Bettina K. , Houghteling Clara , Gill Elizabeth , Ovaitt Silvana
Published: April 2024

Achieving the energy transition sustainably requires addressing how new technologies may impact justice in the energy system. The Justice Underpinning Science and Technology Research (JUST-R) metrics framework was recently proposed to aid researchers in considering justice in early-stage research on energy technologies; however, case study evaluations of the framework revealed a desire from researchers to see metrics specialized to particular fields of study. Here, we refine metrics from the JUST-R framework to enhance its applicability to photovoltaic (PV) materials research. Metrics are reorganized to align with aspects of the research process (e.g., research team or source materials). For most metrics, baseline values are suggested to enable researchers to compare their project to competing technologies or standards at their institutions. These refinements are integrated into a tool to facilitate easier understanding and evaluation of justice considerations in early-stage PV research, which can serve as a template for evaluating other energy technologies.

Graphical abstract
The Pasties of Cornwall and the ‘Cornish Pasty’, Part II
Authors: Brears Peter
Published: April 2024

A previous article in PPC briefly described how the new metropolitan ‘Cornish Pasty’ (soft crust) was taken up as the ‘national’ dish of Cornwall, to the detriment of the county’s true culinary heritage and how it was taught throughout the United Kingdom. This article looks at the controversy introduced in 2011 to afford the Cornish Pasty "Protected Geographical Indication" whereby the word Cornish cannot be used by non-resident pasty producers.
Sally Butcher: Persepolis
Authors: Santich Barbara
Published: April 2024

Sally Butcher: Persepolis: Pavilion, 2016: 256 pp., hardback, £25.00.
Helen Caruana Galizia: The Food and Cookery of Malta and Gozo
Authors: Dalby Andrew
Published: April 2024

Helen Caruana Galizia: The Food and Cookery of Malta and Gozo: Midsea Books, Malta, 2016: 288 pp., paperback, £19.50 (Amazon).
Elizabeth Fitzpatrick and James Kelly, eds.: Food and Drink in Ireland
Authors: Brears Peter
Published: April 2024

Elizabeth Fitzpatrick and James Kelly, eds.: Food and Drink in Ireland: Royal Irish Academy, 2016: 430pp., paperback, €25.00.
Narzędzia i techniki edukacji zdalnej w kontekście edukacji wczesnoszkolnej i przedszkolnej
Authors: Tuczyński Krystian , Szlęk Klaudia
Published: April 2024

Treść artykułu została ukierunkowana na przedstawienie technik i narzędzi e-learningowych w edukacji najmłodszych. W opracowaniu autorzy zobrazowali kluczowe uwarunkowania, które wpłynęły na rozwój i zastosowanie e-learningowej formy kształcenia w środowisku edukacyjnym, a także zakres ich wykorzystania. W artykule zostały szczegółowo omówione narzędzia, które wspomagają realizację zajęć edukacyjnych w alternatywnej formie nauczania-uczenia się na etapie edukacji wczesnoszkolnej i przedszkolnej. Opracowanie zawiera opis do wykonania „krok po kroku” praktycznych zadań dla nauczycieli edukacji wczesnoszkolnej w zakresie skutecznego stosowania technologii e-learningowych w procesie kształcenia.
Dlaczego ważny jest kontakt człowieka z przyrodą? O zespole deficytu natury u młodego pokolenia
Authors: Bobik Bogumiła
Published: April 2024

Przyroda ma dobroczynny wpływ na rozwój młodego pokolenia, a szerzej – człowieka. Współcześnie obserwujemy niedobór kontaktu dzieci z naturą. Celem artykułu jest przybliżenie problemu deficytu natury w wychowaniu, wywołanie namysłu u osób odpowiedzialnych za edukację, skłonienie ich do uwzględnienia w procesie kształcenia tematyki przyrodniczej. Problematykę badawczą ujęto w postaci następujących pytań: jaką wartość ma przyroda dla współczesnego człowieka? Jakie są przyczyny i konsekwencje deficytu natury u młodego pokolenia? Wykorzystana została metoda analizy i syntezy literatury oraz badań, które są istotne dla omawianego problemu. Wyniki wskazują na wieloaspektowy wpływ przyrody na (młodego) człowieka. Przyroda pomaga zachować zdrowie psychiczne i fizyczne, dlatego ważny jest proces wychowania uzupełniony o wymiar przyrody.
CURRÍCULO DE CIÊNCIAS NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL
Authors: Medeiros Vitor Iotte , Lopes José Guilherme
Published: April 2024

A educação brasileira está passando por um momento de reformulação curricular tendo como referência a BNCC. Este trabalho busca compreender como um processo formativo potencializa a discussão sobre a BNCC de Ciências do Ensino Fundamental, anos finais. A formação possibilitou a reflexão da prática docente em Ciências e contou com a participação de 10 professores.  Os dados foram coletados por vídeo-gravação e analisadas pela narrativa reflexiva. Os resultados apontam que o processo formativo promoveu espaços para a reflexão e discussão a respeito da BNCC. Percebemos, ainda, que os professores tomam decisões curriculares embasados em sua formação acadêmico-profissional e visualizam a interdisciplinaridade como potencialmente eficiente ao Ensino de Ciências. Consideramos, portanto, que a formação continuada dos professores, com base na pesquisa colaborativa, auxilia os docentes no processo de reflexão sobre a prática, conduzindo-os a mudanças fundamentadas teoricamente a fim de contribuir para seu desenvolvimento profissional.
Definición, descripción y conceptualización en la psicoterapia. Una visión desde las ciencias comportamentales y evidencias
Authors: Guevara Darwin Gutierrez , Marruffo Diego Torres , Salazar Flower Caycho
Published: April 2024

In this document, psychotherapeutic practice is described from a perspective of science and evidence, using as an instrument the definitions, descriptions, and conceptualizations subsequently supported by a naturalistic and non-mediational position. Starting from the conception with psychotherapy free of union biases or any particular approach. First, a description of what it is and its phases is addressed. Then, conceptualizations in psychotherapy of personal and social problems and procedures were established. Finally, this document concludes based on the criteria proposed by the (American Psychological Association (APA), 2006) and the Plan for Comprehensive Action on Mental Health (World Health Organization, 2013) for a practice based on evidence.
EXPERIMENTAL AND NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF A DOUBLE PASS SOLAR AIR HEATER PROVIDED WITH POROUS ABSORBER PLATE FOR DRYING APPLICATIONS
Authors: Jobair Hussein Khalaf , Nima Mohammed A.
Published: April 2024

This investigation integrates experimental and numerical approaches to study a novel solar air heater aimed at
achieving an efficient design for a solar collector suitable for drying applications under the meteorological conditions of Iraq. The importance of this investigation stems from the lack of optimal exploitation of solar energy reaching the solar collector, primarily attributable to elevated thermal losses despite numerous designs employed in such solar systems. Consequently, enhancing the thermal performance of solar collectors, particularly those employed in crop drying
applications, stands as a crucial focal point for researchers within this domain. Two identical double-pass solar air heaters were designed and constructed for this research. Two types of copper foam sheets with different pore densities, specifically 10 PPI and 40 PPI, were used as absorber plates. The novel solar air heater was compared with a conventional solar air heater equipped with a flat absorber plate based on thermal performance. The effects of the mass flow rate, the air gap of the solar collector, and solar irradiation were examined on various parameters, including the outlet air temperature, solar collector efficiency, and pressure drop across the solar collectors. The results demonstrated that the double-pass solar air heater equipped with a 10 PPI porous absorber plate exhibited superior thermal performance compared to both the double-pass solar air heater with a 40 PPI absorber plate and the conventional absorber plates.
Consequently, it can be considered suitable for drying applications. Furthermore, a comparison of the experimental
findings with the results obtained from previous studies showed a good agreement.
Going ✈️ lexicon? The linguistic status of pro-text emojis
Authors: Storment John David
Published: April 2024

Emojis, introduced in the US in 2011 and now ubiquitous, are a set of iconic expressive symbols that are incredibly widespread in computer-mediated communication (CMC), especially among young people. The majority of linguistic research on emojis focuses only on the semantics; however, emerging data suggest that emojis are far more linguistically interesting than merely their semantic contributions to a sentence. Data from Twitter demonstrate that emojis can actually appear as contentful morphological units that behave according to regularly predictable morphosyntactic rules. In this paper I analyze data from several languages including English, German, and Spanish and reach several conclusions about emojis that appear as words. First, these emojis are not merely replacements in text for existing words in a language, but rather they represent the morphosyntactic of a lexically-typed stem, to which inflectional and derivational affixes can be productively added. Second, these emoji stems can undergo morphological changes such lexicalization and grammaticalization. Within pro-speech emojis, I also differentiate two sub-categories of emoji according to how they are interpreted: emojis which have both an iconic and symbolic mechanism of interpreted, and emojis that are interpreted iconically. This work introduces and strengthens the idea that pictures can be part of the morphosyntactic derivation of an utterance and that they can be represented in a language user’s lexicon.
El rol de los empresarios en la creación de derecho constitucional: una mirada histórica (1985-1990) a las posturas gremiales de reforma a la Constitución de Colombia de 1886
Authors: Barreto-Rozo Antonio
Published: April 2024

Este artículo se orienta a rastrear, a partir de la interacción entre el derecho constitucional y la economía, el imaginario bajo el cual los gremios económicos colombianos interpretaron un orden económico atravesado por distintas violencias a lo largo de la segunda mitad de los años 80. Para ello rastrea fuentes primarias —sobre todo, archivos de prensa y documentos de autoría de dirigentes empresariales— con el objeto de dilucidar el posicionamiento gremial ante el grave estado de cosas. Una de las afirmaciones provenientes del sector gremial más conocidas de la época —“la economía va bien, pero el país va mal”— exhibía al país rural como aquel donde las cosas iban mal. Así mismo, parecía sugerirse que mientras la economía iba bien, el derecho constitucional —encarnado por la cada vez más tambaleante Constitución de 1886— no iba tan bien. De este modo, al preguntarse: (i) quiénes eran los gremios económicos de la década del 80 en medio de la oleada de violencia, (ii) cuáles eran sus puntos de encuentro y de desencuentro con el papel que el nivel estatal y constitucional debía jugar allí en materia económica, y (iii) cómo el empresariado —un cuerpo no fácil de descifrar— llegó a ser calificado como constituyente anónimo en los vientos de reforma que daría término a la Constitución de 1886, el presente texto analiza y evidencia una postura gremial poco clara ante la delicada situación rural colombiana y la opacidad de una cadena de responsabilidades allí presentes, teniendo como uno de sus puntos más espinosos el de los nexos de ciertas expresiones gremiales con factores ilegales de violencia.
Gobernanza participativa en la conformación del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de la ecorregión Eje Cafetero, Colombia
Authors: Munévar-Quintero Claudia , Valencia-Hernández Javier Gonzaga , Hernández-Gómez Nathalia , Aguirre-Fajardo Alejandra María , Ramírez-Ríos Mariana
Published: April 2024

El artículo tiene como objetivo presentar los resultados del análisis de las iniciativas de los actos administrativos que declararon las categorías de manejo de cada una de las áreas pertenecientes al Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas en la ecorregión Eje Cafetero, con el fin de determinar los procesos de participación ciudadana que hicieron parte de su proceso de conformación. En primer lugar, se realiza una aproximación conceptual y normativa del Sistema de Áreas Protegidas en Colombia y se referencia la participación como parte integral de las funciones normativas e institucionales para lograr una gobernanza ambiental. Finalmente, se concluye que la participación, además de ser un derecho y principio democrático, es un criterio esencial para el ejercicio de la gobernanza ambiental en la conformación de las áreas protegidas en Colombia.
La influencia del movimiento Derecho y Literatura en las capacidades de los jueces: el caso de Lolita
Authors: Morales Giraldo Laura Milena , Cárdenas Castañeda Leonardo
Published: April 2024

El objetivo del presente trabajo es mostrar cómo el movimiento Derecho y Literatura podría influir en la decisión judicial en casos difíciles, con apoyo en la obra de Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita, en la cual se parte de la interpretación según la cual la protagonista de la obra ha estado sometida a una relación no consentida por parte de su padrastro. Es decir, hay un alejamiento del punto de vista romántico y tradicional que ha hecho carrera en el mundo del arte sobre la manera de apreciar esta obra literaria. Para este fin, se dividió el artículo en tres partes; en la sección inicial se desarrollan los tres aspectos esenciales dentro del movimiento Derecho y Literatura tal como lo propone Martha Nussbaum, haciendo énfasis en los atractivos del movimiento y en las capacidades que les otorga a los jueces; la segunda parte está centrada en definir qué es un caso difícil y sus características. Finalmente, el último punto del texto se aleja de la interpretación “rosa” y habitual de Lolita para adoptar luego el enfoque del abuso que hay en la novela de Nabokov. El asunto importante aquí es que una pieza literaria como esta puede influir en las decisiones de un juez para resolver casos difíciles similares.
Economic Consulting
Authors:   Institute of Economics and Industrial Engineering, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Klistorin Vladimir
Published: April 2024

The article discusses the reasons and motivations behind the demand for consulting services. Particular attention is paid to the motivation of managers of enterprises, organizations and government agencies who resort to the services of external consultants when they have a large number of their own specialists and advisors. On the basis of the analysis of scientiﬁc literature and our own modest experience we draw conclusions that economic consulting is associated with a number of threats and risks both for the consulted organization and for the consultant himself. For enterprises of organizations and state structures the main threat is that, following standard models and schemes, one can miss speciﬁc features of the external environment and internal organization of the object. In addition, recommendations may be implemented incompletely, formally or partially, which may lead to undesirable results. For a consultant, the main threats are conﬂicts of interest and allegations of corruption and insider trading of information. Innovative solutions are the most effective, but at the same time the most risk. Choosing the right consultant and ensuring their competence and independence is a particular challenge. Therefore, the relationship between the consultant and the client is no less important than the tools and technology of his work in the process of making recommendations. Consulting of state structures has a number of peculiarities, the main of which are the hierarchical nature of construction, latent doctrines of departments, motivation of managers and planning horizon of the manager. Economic counseling allows the researcher to get a unique experience that can be used in further work.
Modeling Sovereign Credit Risk with Environmental Efficiency in Mind
Authors:   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Popova Tamara , Yastrebova Anastasiya ,   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

This study contributes to the evaluation of the role of the eco-efﬁciency factor in explaining sovereign credit risk. The purpose of the study is to develop a model of sovereign credit risk taking into account the environmental efﬁciency factor. The sample includes the following countries: Argentina, Belgium, China, China, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Nigeria, Pakistan, Portugal, Spain. 58 % of the world’s countries are categorized as investment grade, indicating that more than half of the countries have high and very high solvency. Using the multiple regression method, the factors affecting the sovereign credit rating are identiﬁed: GDP per capita, annual change in inﬂation, international reserves, private sector credit, total public debt, and environmental performance. The results show a strong positive relationship between credit rating and GDP per capita, private sector lending volume, indicating that countries with better GDP per capita have lower credit risk. To prove the relationship between environmental and credit risk, two multiple regression models were constructed: without and with the environmental factor. The results show that including the environmental factor in modeling a country’s credit rating is appropriate because it improves the quality of the model. According to the two comparison criteria, the model including the environmental factor had better results; the coefﬁcient of determination was larger and the approximation error was smaller. Countries have different environmental situations and different degrees of environmental policy management. There is a relationship between environmental and credit risk of countries, but the environmental situation of a country is not the only determinant factor affecting credit risk. If a country has a high environmental performance index value, it may have an average sovereign rating and vice versa. The scientiﬁc usefulness of the study lies in the fact that the constructed model can be used by investors, creditors, rating objects to calculate their own values of sovereign credit ratings.
Ethnic Identity of Tajik Teenagers Studying in Novosibirsk Schools and Its Relation to Self-Esteem
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Russian Federation, Chukhrova Marina ,   Novosibirsk State University of Economics and Management, Russian Federation, Zolotykh Nikolay ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Russian Federation
Published: April 2024

The article deals with the problem of ethnic identity of Tajik teenagers studying in high schools in Novosibirsk. Special attention is paid to the relationship between ethnic identity and self-esteem of Tajik adolescents. Self-esteem can indirectly inﬂuence adaptation in society. The scientiﬁc novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the ﬁrst time the fusion of ethnic identity with self-esteem was shown in Tajik adolescents, which explains the difﬁculties of inculturation among them and the tendency to stay closer to their fellow tribesmen. The study involved Tajik teenagers, citizens of the Russian Federation who speak Russian, aged 15-17 years, high school students of secondary schools in Novosibirsk, (76 people). There are 40 girls and 36 boys among the subjects. To study self-esteem, the “Self-Conﬁdence Test” by G. Romek and the “Self-Conﬁdence Scale” by S. Reizas “RAS” were used. To study ethnic identity, the methodology “Types of Ethnic Identity” by G.U. Soldatova was used, as well as the methodology “Structure of Ethnic Identity” by J. Finney. It is shown that Tajik teenagers who tend to adequately perceive their ethnic identity, as well as those who tend to place excessive emphasis on ethnic identity, have higher self-conﬁdence indicators. The ethnic identity of the studied group is quite harmonious. There were direct moderate links between ethno-fanaticism, ethno-isolationism and self-conﬁdence, and ethno-nihilism correlated with self-doubt. It is concluded that the self-conﬁdence and self-esteem of Tajik teenagers is associated with their ethnic identity, which gives them a sense of belonging to ‘their own group’. Their self-conﬁdence depends on being included in a group of fellow tribesmen, being an integral part of collectivism. The titular ethnic group, Russians, are not perceived as ‘their own group’. The practical signiﬁcance is seen in the possibility of using the results obtained in psychocorrective work with Tajik adolescents who experience difﬁculties in psychosocial adaptation in Russia.
Opioid abuse, the escalating crisis, xylazine co-use, and the forensic toxicology challenges
Authors: Yoabel González Ortiz , Luz A Silva-Torres
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The opioid crisis represents a longstanding public health emergency, significantly worsened by the concurrent use of xylazine. This epidemic has led to a surge in opioid-related fatalities, marking it as a pressing health crisis with global implications. The combination of xylazine with fentanyl and its analogs significantly increases the risk of overdose deaths. This study aims to analyze the current situation by reviewing scientific and governmental publications on the topic. Methods: Our analysis, established on data from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus, highlights the pharmacological risks related to the combination of xylazine and synthetic opioids, such as fentanyl. It underlines the increased chances of fatal overdoses due to this combination. Results: The research associates weaknesses in current forensic toxicology screenings that fail to effectively detect these dangerous compounds. The illegal synthesis of these substances is a key challenge in directing the emergency. The combination of xylazine with synthetic opioids shows a significant public health risk, worsening the already critical opioid crisis. There is a critical need for improved drug detection and analysis methods to combat this growing challenge. Conclusion: Developing forensic toxicology screenings to precisely identify the presence of these substances is crucial for both the diagnosis and prevention of fatal overdoses. Our findings emphasize the requirement for immediate and concerted efforts to address the complexities of the opioid epidemic and highlight the potential consequences of public health strategies intended to mitigate this crisis.
Bulk preparation of agarose gel v1
Authors: Hyland Callen
Published: April 2024

For applications when you only need a small amount of agarose gel, it is convenient to prepare the gel in bulk ahead of time. The desired quantity of agarose can then be remelted when needed. This protocol can be modified for any agarose percentage or buffer. Fluorescent dyes for DNA visualization can be added during the remelting step.
UM CONVITE À MESA: AUSÊNCIA, INCLUSÃO E ADVOCACIA CORPORATIVA
Authors: Durão Pedro , Oliveira Souza Ithala
Published: April 2024

Diante do cenário de desbalanço entre a presença feminina e masculina nos segmentos jurídicos, especialmente nos escalonamentos de poder da advocacia e da magistratura, objetivou-se com o presente artigo expor as suas camadas de ausência e presença. Em primeiro momento, com um viés analítico, expôs-se os resultados do perfilhamento da advocacia e magistratura brasileira, seguida com um recorte sergipano. Para orientar o debate, sucintamente foram apresentados os conceitos sobre os fenômenos do teto de vidro e da masculinização do comando e feminização da subalternidade. Em sequência, para contribuir de forma fundamentada com a problemática em voga, trabalhou-se com os conceitos atinentes a diversidade e inclusão, com vistas a concatenar as ideias para expandir ao próximo tópico, consistente na necessidade de alinhamento do setor jurídico com os índices métricos, comumentemente aplicados e associados à governança corporativa, ESG, environmental, social and governance. Ao final, apesar da lacuna bibliográfica brasileira, trabalha-se sobre a recente expansão do uso qualitativo dos fatores ESG na advocacia, com ênfase no princípio da equidade. Para a concretização do objetivo, adotou-se uma pesquisa de natureza exploratória e descritiva, com método de abordagem analítica e dedutiva, em fontes documentais e bibliográficas. Adicionalmente, sobre a organização deste estudo, fez-se criteriosa coleta de dados, correspondente a primeira etapa metodológica da pesquisa, voltada a análise dos perfis da advocacia e magistratura brasileira. No que compete ao levantamento bibliográfico, segunda fase metodológica, houve uma limitação em razão dos referenciais brasileiros, aprofundada pela especificidade da pesquisa quanto ao marcador do campo jurídico.
Digital literacy of older women with smartphones: a dialogic approach to overcoming barriers
Authors: Tellado Itxaso , Girbés-Peco Sandra , Joanpere-Foraster Mar , Burgués-Freitas Ana
Published: April 2024

The scientific literature provides evidence that the use of mobile devices with internet access by older adults contributes to their autonomy, capacity for independence, and staying connected, impacting a better quality of life and health. There is also evidence that digital exclusion in smartphone use mainly affects older people, especially women with low academic skills. However, there is very little research on successful dialogical experiences in digital literacy for older women with smartphones. This case study will help fill that gap by collecting the perceptions of female participants (aged 74-90) and female educators of a digital literacy course with smartphones that ran for two academic years. The impact on autonomy and social relationships in the framework of dialogic learning is analyzed, in addition to identifying characteristics that could be transferable to other contexts. The main results show that the dialogic approach of the course has contributed to creating a learning environment based on interactions of mutual support, overcoming the initial fear of using smartphones, developing essential skills for their daily use, and allowing participants to be more connected with family and friends.
CONTEXTUALIZATION AND ITS PLACE IN THE METHODOLOGY OF URBAN STUDIES
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Denysenko Olena
Published: April 2024

Aim. The article is aimed to reflect the current discourse on methodological approach of contextualization in the field of urban studies, to analyze the ways of its use for the study of cities and urban areas, including the urban transformations, and to illustrate the main types of contextualizing the urban areas. Methodology. The methodology is based on the analysis of contemporary debates on contextualization, in particular the place, tasks and ways of using contextualization in the field of urban studies, as well as the detailed analysis of possible types of contextualization that can be applied to different tasks of urban studies. Different types of contextualization and practice of their usage in urban studies are illustrated by many examples from urban transformations research. Results. The article reveals the current discourse on contextualization as methodological approach in urban studies, in particular the main types of urban areas contextualization – by object type, by size, by national context, by role in spatial organization, by urban context, by location, by functions, by stages, by type of planning structure, by type of processes, etc. Various types of contextualization are characterized for the case of urban transformations, each of them is illustrated with examples. Novelty. The article illustrates different types of urban areas contextualization and their methodological role in urban studies, specifically in research of urban transformations. Some specific terms in urban discourse and urban theory such as recontextualization are revealed, and their usage for rethinking the processes of urban growth and urban development in Ukraine is shown. Practical significance. Based on specific examples, it is shown what role the proper contextualization as a methodological approach plays in urban studies for developing the concepts of urban processes and their research, specifically for urban transformations analysis and developing contextually sensative urban policy.
OPERATIVE AND INVESTIGATIVE PREVENTION OF CRIMES RELATED TO THE GAMBLING BUSINESS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Serhieieva D. B. , Toporetska Z. M ,   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the implementation of operational investigative prevention of crimes related to the gambling business. The purpose of this article is to study the issues of operative and investigative prevention of crimes related to the gambling business. Operative investigative prevention is defined by the author as the activity of OСА subjects, which is carried out with the use of operative investigative forces, means and methods (overt and covert) with the aim of identifying the causes and conditions that contribute to the commission of certain criminal offenses, and reacting to them in order to prevent criminal activity of a certain type, as well as the prevention of criminal activity of specific persons (identification of persons who are trying to commit a crime, and implementation of certain measures against them with the aim of preventing the implementation of their ideas, plans, preventing the transition from intention and planning to the stage of preparation for committing a criminal offense). It has been established that the prevention of crimes related to the gambling business includes general prevention (detection of reasons and conditions that contribute to the commission of certain crimes) and individual prevention – prevention of crimes (identification of persons who plan to commit a crime or intend to start preparations for committing it, and taking certain measures against them in order to prevent the implementation of their plans). General operational prevention includes actions to identify reasons and conditions that contribute to the commission of a certain type of crime, i. e. preventing the formation of criminal intent in the future in persons prone to committing criminal offenses or in persons who use certain reasons and conditions. Operational and investigative measures of individual prevention involve working with a specific person who is prone to commit such crimes, or operative units have become aware of his intention to commit such a crime, and involves the application of operational and agency measures to such a person, taking into account his social and official position, individual features of its character, the type of crime, the commission of which the person plans or intends to start preparing for its commission, the level of its social danger, the person’s commission of other crimes before this, his intention to act independently or in complicity with other persons, etc.
THE DOCTRINE OF THE STANDARD OF PROOF IN JURISDICTION: A COMPARATIVE ASPECT
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kolomiiets K.V.
Published: April 2024

The article is devoted to the study of the doctrine of the standard of proof in judicial proceedings, as well as to the comparison of already existing standards of proof. The study of the importance of standards of proof for economic and criminal justice in particular. The purpose is to analyze the doctrines of the standards of proof in court proceedings, to establish the legal nature of the categories «probability», «beyond a reasonable doubt», as well as partially «relevance», «admissibility», «reliability», «reasonable suspicion», as well as to carry out a comparative analysis of the standards of proof in the judiciary. On the basis of the conducted research, an analysis of many scientific works of scientists was carried out and it was established that there is no unambiguous definition to understand the concept of «standard of proof». Also, the understanding of the very standards of proof by both legislators and scientists is causing discussion. It has been established that in criminal proceedings it is appropriate to apply the standard of proof «beyond a reasonable doubt», as well as the standards of «reasonable suspicion» and «sufficient basis». The innovation of economic litigation, namely the standard of proof «probability of evidence», was also investigated. This standard of proof is ambiguously perceived by both academics and practitioners, and it was introduced not as another one, but instead of the standard «sufficiency of evidence», which used to be in commercial proceedings and still remains in civil proceedings. The author also pointed out the lack of a legislator in the Code of Criminal Procedure regarding the definition of the category «reliability» as a component of «belonging», while in the Code of Criminal Procedure «reliability is separated into a separate article.
Origin of Neanderthals. Neanderthals of the Altai: Myth or Reality?
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Derevianko A. P.
Published: April 2024

Около 3 млн л.н. на предковой основе австралопитеков в Африке сформировался род Homo. В ходе дальнейших эволюционных процессов, естественного отбора, гибридизации, адаптации к меняющимся природно-климатическим условиям в плейстоцене в хронологическом интервале 200-100 тыс. л.н. в Африке сформировались ранние люди современного типа, в Европе — H. sapiens neanderthalensis, в Центральной и Северной Азии — H. sapiens denisovan. Происхождению этих таксонов посвящено большое количество различных публикаций. Данная проблема обсуждалась на многих симпозиумах. В процессе дискуссий исследователями сформулировано несколько гипотез — Африканской Евы, мультирегиональной эволюции, эволюции с гибридизацией и др. У всех гипотез имеется одна общая основа — наиболее ранние люди современного типа сформировались в Африке. Главное расхождение исследователей связано с оценкой роли коренного населения Евразии в становлении H. sapiens sapiens при миграции ранних людей современного типа из Африки на территорию Евразии. В ряде моих работ представлен сценарий филогенетической истории рода Homo, несколько отличающийся от обсуждаемых в настоящее время гипотез. Исследование генетического наследия людей современного типа, H. sapiens neanderthalensis, H. sapiens denisovan показало, что эти гоминины могли скрещиваться между собой и у них рождалось фертильное потомство. Это означает, что у данных таксонов были не межвидовая, а внутривидовая ассимиляция и открытая генетическая система. Следовательно, если на заключительном этапе филогенетической истории рода Homo в хронологическом интервале 200-100 тыс. л.н. на различных континентах в процессе длительной эволюционной истории сформировались три таксона с открытой генетической системой и способностью скрещиваться и рождать фертильное потомство, то у всех выделенных антропологами на основании исследований окаменелостей раннего и среднего плейстоцена в Африке, Европе и Азии таксонов так же оставалась открытой генетическая система. Это означает, что в течение почти трехмиллионнолетней эволюции рода Homo в процессе его сапиентации ведущую роль играли три основных фактора — естественный отбор, гибридизация и влияние на формирование морфологии и генетической последовательности адаптации гомининов к менявшимся природно-климатическим условиям в плейстоцене. В статье рассматривается проблема формирования в Африке единого предкового таксона как базовой основы для ранних людей современного типа; главное внимание уделено их расселению в Евразии и участию в процессе формирования в Европе H. sapiens neanderthalensis.
Pottery Traditions Among the Carriers of the Novosibirsk Variant of the Kulaika Culture: A Multidiscuplinary Study
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Selin D. V. , Maksimova A. A. ,   Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Fedorova Z. A. ,   Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: April 2024

Проведено комплексное мультидисциплинарное исследование керамики новосибирского варианта кулайской культурно-исторической общности. Применялись технико-технологический (трасологический), петрографический, рентгенографический фазовый, термический анализы. Это позволило получить объективные данные для реконструкции гончарной технологии. Установлено, что использовалось исходное глинистое пластичное сырье (ИПС) из одного региона, но из различных его выходов. Выделены разные по минеральному составу типы ИПС для керамики с могильника Каменный Мыс (три) и с городища Дубровинский Борок-3 (два). Это свидетельствует о существовании групп гончаров, использовавших разные глинища. Корреляция типов ИПС и составов формовочных масс подтверждает предположение о нескольких группах гончаров. При сопоставлении глин, использовавшихся для изготовления керамики с памятников Каменный Мыс и Дубровинский Борок-3, определено, что они значительно различаются по минеральному составу. Это подтвердилось результатами петрографического и рентгенографического фазового анализов. По данным термогравиметрии образцы керамики подразделяются на группы в зависимости от качества обжига. Часть изделий была подвергнута более интенсивному термическому воздействию по сравнению с другими.
The Wanyan Digunai (Wanyan Zhong, Asikui) Funerary Complex in Primorye
Authors:   Institute of History, Archaeology and Ethnography of the Peoples of the Far East, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Artemieva N. G.
Published: April 2024

В статье рассматривается история исследования погребального комплекса, обнаруженного в 1893 г. рядом с каменной черепахой на территории мельницы О.В. Линдгольма в Приморском крае. Материалами исследования послужили неопубликованные дневники Ф.Ф. Буссе (1893, 1894 гг.), который проводил раскопки холма под изваянием и обнаружил каменный гроб. Там же было найдено навершие стелы с 20 иероглифами. Их перевод доказал, что это захоронение выдающегося чжурчжэньского военного деятеля из Ваньяньского рода — Ваньянь Дигуная (китайское имя Ваньянь Чжун, прозвище Эсыкуй/Асыкуй). Раскопкам погребения не уделялось особого внимания, т.к. интерес был сосредоточен на переводе и интерпретации надписи на стеле. Считалось, что оно давно разграблено, а материалы дневников Ф. Ф. Буссе не были опубликованы. В связи с этим главная цель данного исследования — описание всех известных источников, имеющих отношение к изучению погребального комплекса Ваньянь Дигуная. На основании анализа результатов раскопок прослежены особенности ритуала захоронения, его отличительные черты. В архитектурном решении и планировке погребального комплекса проявляется специфика погребений народов Восточной Азии.
Cultural Horizons at the Uyelgi Cemetery Mound 11, Southeastern Urals
Authors:   Institute of History and Archaeology, Ural Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botalov S. G. ,   South Ural State University, Grudochko I. V. ,   South Ural State University, Parunin A. V. ,   “Southern Urals” Public Foundation, Gazizova S. R. ,   South Ural State University
Published: April 2024

В статье представлены результаты исследования кург. 11 могильника Уелги как наиболее показательного комплекса этого памятника. В нем обнаружены одно погребение на нижнем уровне, демонстрирующее яркие культурно-типологические черты южноуральских кочевников, и два на верхнем, явно относящиеся к сросткинскому историко-культурному горизонту, в рамках которого фиксируется появление предметов «венгерского» (карпатского) облика. Это позволяет сделать вывод о возможной репатриации южноуральского населения с запада, происходившей, по всей видимости, во время встречного переселенческого движения сросткинцев с территории Восточного Казахстана и Алтая. Он подтверждается материалами могильника Актюба, где наряду с украшениями сбруи, выполненными в ярком «венгерском» стиле, присутствует поясной набор, отражающий алтайские (сросткинские) традиции (элементы растительного орнамента). Насыпь и подкурганная площадка содержали фрагменты пяти керамических сосудов, большинство которых имеют гребенчато-шнуровую орнаментацию постбакальского, неволинского и петрогромско-юдинского облика, относятся к угорской стилистической группе, связанной с лесостепным зауральским и западносибирским населением. Таким образом, материалы кург. 11 могильника Уелги планиграфически и типологически демонстрируют по меньшей мере четыре историко-культурных горизонта — южноуральский, «венгерский» (карпатский), алтайский (сросткинский) и угорский (зауральско-западносибирский), — которые отражают сложные этнокультурные процессы в регионе в IX-X вв.