bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENTINGNYA DAN KEWAJIBAN EKONOMI SYARIAH DI INDONESIA
Authors: Garamatan M Zaaf Fadzlan Rabbani , Ayuniyyah Qurroh
Published: June 2021

Hadirnya syariah sebagai aturan Allah SWT kepada manusia juga sesungguhnya akan menjamin banyak hal dalam kehidupan manusia. Yaitu, menjamin keselamatan keyakinan agama, keselamatan jiwa, keselamatan akal, keselamatan keluarga, dan terakhir keselamatan harta benda. Sehingga tak dapat dihindari, ini seharusnya menjadi bagian dari iman seorang Muslim. Bukankah bagi seorang Muslim, ketika ia mengimani adanya Allah SWT, maka konsekunsinya ia juga harus mengimani aturan syariat yang sudah ditetapkan-Nya. Dalam perjalananya, ketika sistem ekonomi syariah ditegakkan, termasuk di Indonesia, memang seringkali “terbentur” dengan perkembangan kebutuhan manusia modern yang bisa jadi belum terjadi pada saat zaman Nabi SAW sekalipun. Sehingga, dalam praktiknya, ekonomi syariah pun harus mengakomodir praktik ekonomi tersebut, tanpa harus melakukan pelanggaran prinsip secara syariah. Sehingga yang menarik, sistem ekonomi syariah bisa dapat mudah menyesuaikan asal tetap para prinsip istinbat sebuah hokum, dengan berpegang pada prinsip ijma’, ijtihad, dan qiyas. Metode istinbat hukum ini berupa kesepakatan ulama yang tetap mengacu pada Al-Qur’an dan Hadits untuk memecahkan kejadian ekonomi yang muncul di tengah masyarakat.    Dalam analisa penulis, ekonomi syariah menjadi penting diterapkan di Indonesia, karena ekonomi syariah menjamin keberlangsung tatanan ekonomi masyarakat tanpa adanya monopoli atau penguasaan harta benda pada satu orang. Terhindarnya masyarakat dari kemiskinan. Dan, ekonomi syariah mengatur kerjasama ekonomi antar manusia dengan saling menguntungkan.
The Effects of Competency, Work Placement, and Career Development on Job Performance: Lessons From Public Sector in An Emerging Country
Authors: Afriana Afriana
Published: June 2021

This research aimed to figure out the effects of competency, work placement, and career development on government officers' performance. This research used a descriptive-quantitative research design with a questionnaire as an instrument. The purposive sampling technique was used to extract a sample, which consisted of 250 respondents who were government officers from 26 local government agencies in the Yapen Islands Regency. This research employed a multiple regression analysis as the data analysis technique with SPSS version 25. The research results show that the variables competency and career development had significant positive effects on employee performance. In contrast, the variable work placement did not have any effect on employee performance.
The Effect of Transit Signal Priority on Bus Rapid Transit Headway Adherence
Authors: Macfarlane Gregory S. , Sheffield Michael H. , Bennett Logan S. , Schultz Grant G.
Published: June 2021

We report the results of an experiment to evaluate the impact of transit signal priority (TSP) on headway adherence for a bus rapid transit (BRT) system in Provo / Orem, Utah. The bus requests TSP based on its unpublished schedule, but users perceive only a headway. Quantile regression models estimated on raw timepoint data from the BRT system reveal that TSP significantly improves headway adherence, after controlling for peak times, direction, and cumulative trip dwell time. We also find that requiring the bus to be 2 minutes late before requesting TSP improves headway adherence more than allowing all buses to request TSP.
A model of negotiation scenarios based on time, relevance andcontrol used to define advantageous positions in a negotiation
Authors: Rojas Altamirano Omar Guillermo , López Hernández Carlos
Published: June 2021

Models that apply to negotiation are based on different perspectives that range from the relationship between the actors, game theory or the steps in a procedure. This research proposes a model of negotiation scenarios that considers three factors (time, relevance and control), which are displayed as the most important in a negotiation. These factors interact with each other and create different scenarios for each of the actors involved in a negotiation. The proposed model not only facilitates the creation of a negotiation strategy but also an ideal choice of effective tactics.
Study of the Mechanical Behavior of an Automobile Brake Disc
Authors: Siham Kerrouz , Mokhtar Bourdim , Tawfik Tamine , Mostefa Bouchtara
Published: June 2021

An automobile brake disc brought into contact with the pads, mechanical stresses are imposed on the contact surface. These stresses can cause degradation by fatigue, rupture, wear, propagation of cracks. Modeling the numerical results makes it possible to recognize this damage in order to improve the braking system, extend its service life, reduce the cost of maintenance and make it more reliable. The aim of our study concerns modeling and numerical simulation using ANSYS 14.5 software based on the finite element method under the influence of certain essential parameters on the braking behavior of the torque as a function of geometric parameters, properties mechanical, boundary conditions, type of loading applied, type of materials chosen and type of analysis carried out in braking torques (ventilated drilled disc / pads and ventilated grooved disc / pads), upon contact with a disc in rotation with a plate which represents the friction body on the disc. The behavior of the torque during braking was analyzed in terms of stresses and deformations, and displacements, the comparison between the two types of discs was also discussed.
Психологія інноваційних технологій навчання
Authors: Талдонова Лілія
Published: June 2021

У статті йдеться про необхідність інноваційних технологій навчання, так як прогрес освіти йде в напрямку розробки різних варіантів його змісту, пошуку і наукового освоєння нових ідей і технологій. Розглядаються інноваційні методи, які вимагають відповідної перебудови в роботі вчителя, що забезпечить їх сталий професійний розвиток. Надано наочні приклади методів інтерактивного навчання, принципи та класифікацію нетрадиційних уроків. Інноваційні технології навчання – це об’єктивний процес, новий етап в еволюції освіти; складне явище, що потребує вдумливого і творчого ставлення. Наразі найголовнішим в роботі педагогів є те, що запровадження інноваційних технологій у шкільну практику дозволяє розв’язати типову для української освіти проблему: коли учні добре опанували теоретичні знання, але не здатні застосувати ці знання у конкретній життєвій ситуації. Сьогодні на порядку денному педагогічні працівники орієнтовані на те, щоб випустити із школи всебічно розвинену особистість, патріота з активною позицією, новатора, здатного змінювати навколишній світ і вчитися впродовж життя, а отже – компетентнісно сформованого фахівця. Тому в умовах реформи середньої освіти особливого значення набуває проблема вдосконалення технологій навчання. Актуальним стає компетентнісний підхід в освіті, який грунтується на особистості учня й може бути реалізованим і перевіреним тільки під час виконання конкретним учнем певного комплексу дій. Відтак, необхідний діалог різних педагогічних систем і технологій навчання, використання в сучасних умовах всього арсеналу педагогічних ідей минулого, сьогодення і майбутнього.
Ключові слова: інновація, нововведення, інтерактивні методи, компетентності, нетрадиційні, нестандартні уроки, проекти, технології, дослідження.
Особливості самореалізації паралімпійців за рівнем спортивних досягнень
Authors: Шамич Олександр
Published: June 2021

Мета. Порівняти емоційні стани спортсменів-паралімпійців за рівнем їх спортивних досягнень. Визначити психологічні особливості спортивної самореалізації паралімпійців за рівнем спортивних досягнень.
Результати: Встановлено, що гpупa пapaлiмпiйцiв з нaйвищим piвнeм peзультaтiв мaє iстoтнo вищi пoкaзники зaдoвoлeнoстi влaснoю спopтивнoю кap’єpoю тa сaмooцiнки влaснoї нaближeнoстi дo вepшини дoсягнeнь у спopтi зa гpупу спopтсмeнiв, щo пoки нe мaють суттєвиx спopтивниx дoсягнeнь. Пapaлiмпiйцi з нaйвищим piвнeм peзультaтiв мaють iстoтнo вищi зaiншиx спopтсмeнiв пoкaзники сaмooцiнки влaснoгo мaтepiaльнoгo стaнoвищa тa пoбутoвиx умoв. У паралімпійців двох груп з вищим рівнем результатів є вищим, за групу без суттєвих спортивних досягнень, показник можливості чи перспективи закордонних поїздок. У групи з нижчим рівнем результатів є єдино вищі, за дві групи з вищим рівнем результатів, вияв такого стимулу як можливість виправити чи компенсувати недоліки здоров’я.
Висновки: Отримані результати можуть бути використані з метою підвищення ефективності та ставленню тренерів паралімпійських збірних команд в тренувально-змагальному процесі паралімпійців, а також длясприяння їх самореалізації. Перспективи подальших досліджень полягають у аналiзі та oсмисленні, чому для групи паралімпійців з нижчим рівнем результатів, в першу чергу, є єдино вищим, за дві групи з вищим рівнем результатів, вияв такого стимулу як можливість виправити чи компенсувати недоліки здоров’я.
Ключові слова: паралімпійці, спортивні досягнення, паралімпійський спорт, самореалізація.
Диференціація соціально-психологічних чинників розладів афективного спектру особистості: мікро-, мезо- та макрорівні
Authors: Спицька Ліана , Завацька Наталія
Published: June 2021

В статті проведено структурно-рівневий аналіз соціально-психологічних чинників афективних розладів особистості зрілого віку в кризові періоди життя та здійснено їх диференціацію на макро-, мезо- та мікрорівнях. Серед чинників макрорівня, які впливають на виникнення і розвиток афективних розладів особистості в цей період виокремлені: соціально-економічні та соціально-політичні (невисокий рівень соціально-економічного статусу, пасивна соціальна позиція); культуральні норми і цінності (патогенні цінності і установки культури, зокрема, стереотипи, повʼязані з культом стриманості, сили, успіху і досконалості); культивування високих перфекціоністських стандартів сучасного суспільства (щодо рівня освіти, зовнішності тощо). Серед соціально-психологічних чинників мезорівня превалюють: дисфункції структури сімʼї та сімейного функціонування; порушення мікродинаміки та ідеології сімʼї; стресогенність життєвий подій, наявність вираженого психологічного стресу; обмеженість мережі соціальної підтримки та її ядра. Соціально-психологічними чинниками мікрорівня щодо афективних розладів особистості зрілого віку в кризові періоди життя виступають: соціально-демографічні (приналежність до жіночої статі, невисокий рівень освіти тощо); вразливість типології особистості (типологічний підхід); вразливість особистісних рис, установок і переконань (параметричний підхід); афективно-когнітивний стиль особистості (стильовий підхід); порушення соціально-психологічної регуляції поведінки та діяльності.
Ключові слова: особистість зрілого віку, кризові періоди життя, афективні розлади, соціально-психологічні засоби корекції.
Складна життєва ситуація як провідна умова формування життєстійкості особистості
Authors: Предко Вікторія
Published: June 2021

У статті розкрито поняття складної життєвої ситуації, визначено її психологічний зміст та основні сутнісні характеристики. Підкреслено її значення у актуалізації внутрішніх ресурсів та розвитку особистості. Доведено, що вона виступає провідним механізмом психологічної трансформації особистості, яка здатна реорганізувати життєвий простір, забезпечити новий якісний розвиток.
Продемонстровано її провідну роль у формуванні життєстійкості особистості. Проаналізовано значення феномену життєстійкості, наведені основні його структурні компоненти та рівні існування. Представлено основну психологічну роль життєстійкості у забезпеченні ефективної життєдіяльності особистості. Наведені основні її функції, зокрема формування внутрішньої єдності, сприятливого само ставлення, спроможності вибирати конструктивні життєві стратегії.
Таким чином, у статті визначається складний взаємозв’язок складної життєвої ситуації та життєстійкості особистості, який визначає, що життєстійкість детермінується ефективним вирішенням складних життєвих ситуацій й водночас вона забезпечує внутрішні ресурси, які є необхідними для її подолання.
Життєстійкість постає тою життєвою силою, яку здобуває людини, переживши складну життєву ситуацію. Вона відображає не лише можливість подолати подальші складні життєві ситуації, а й також надає змогу досягнути внутрішнього балансу та визначити нові життєві перспективи. Вона допомагає людині не лише здобути витривалість в кризових обставинах, а й забезпечує високий рівень подальшої соціальної активності, підсилює орієнтацію на позитивні життєві установки.
Ключові слова: складна життєва ситуація, життєстійкість, особистість, розвиток, внутрішній потенціал.
Um programa de exercícios em casa durante o período de quarentena aplicado em uma equipe recreacional de futsal feminino
Authors: Souza Andressa Fátima Siqueira , Oliveira Tamarys Freitas , Sluzala Janaine de Fatima , Dal'Maz Gabriela , Martins Marcos Vinicius Soares , Paludo Ana Carolina
Published: June 2021

Introdução: Devido a situação pandêmica da COVID-19, medidas preventivas foram adotadas para reduzir o risco de infecção como distanciamento social e fechamento das atividades comerciais. Dessa maneira, recomenda-se permanecer ativo em casa a fim de manter a saúde física e mental durante esse período. Objetivo: Verificar o efeito de um programa de exercícios feito em casa durante a quarentena causada pelo COVID-19, na motivação e no desempenho físico de atletas recreacionais de futsal feminino. Métodos: Nove participantes (26,0 ± 4,7 anos de idade) realizaram quatro semanas de treinamento de resistência “full-body”, no formato de circuito, três vezes na semana. Participantes realizaram testes físicos (salto horizontal, resistência abdominal e flexão de braço) antes e depois do programa de treinamento. Em cada sessão foram avaliados a motivação para o treinamento (Escala likert 0 a 4) e a percepção de esforço global (Borg 6-20). Resultados: Apenas cinco participantes realizaram 80% das sessões de treinamento. Os participantes reportaram uma baixa motivação para treinamento durante as semanas e perceberam as sessões de treino com “moderada” intensidade. O desempenho aumentou em todos os testes físicos aumentou. Conclusão: Os resultados sugerem que o programa de exercícios em casa durante a quarentena, devido a COVID-19, foi suficiente para aumentar o desempenho físico em uma equipe de atletas recreacionais de futsal feminino. Entretanto, o período de quarentena pode prejudicar a aderencia em programas de treinamento e diminuir a motivação para prática de exercícios. Modelos de protocolos baseados nas respostas psicofisiológicas são encorajados de maneira a aumentar a aderência para treinamento em casa, especialmente durante a quarentena.
Força do tronco de acordo com a idade e o nível de atividade física: as mulheres ativas mais velhas são tão fortes quanto as jovens inativas?
Authors: Fernandes Iohanna Gilnara Santos , Oliveira Levy Anthony de , Nascimento Diêgo Augusto , Santos Marta Silva , Da Silva-Grigoletto Marzo Edir
Published: June 2021

Objetivos: Verificar o comportamento da força muscular de extensores e flexores do tronco conforme a idade e o nível de atividade física, além de comparar jovens inativas vs. idosas ativas sobre a força muscular. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 28 jovens e 30 idosas inativas fisicamente, as quais posteriormente se tornaram ativas, com a inclusão de atividade física em suas rotinas. As participantes foram avaliadas quanto à força isométrica máxima dos músculos extensores e flexores do tronco, por meio da utilização de uma célula de carga conectada a um assento estável de madeira, que isolou musculatura do quadril de maneira a ativar a musculatura do tronco. Testes t para amostras dependentes e independentes foram utilizados para a análise em relação a idade e o nível de atividade física. O nível de significância adotado foi ≤ 5%. Resultados: Quanto à força dos extensores e flexores do tronco, mulheres jovens e idosas ativas fisicamente possuíam um maior nível de força quando comparadas à condição inativa. Com relação a comparação entre jovens inativas e idosas ativas, foi verificado que as idosas apresentaram níveis semelhantes de força dos músculos extensores quando comparadas com as jovens. Conclusão: A força de flexores e extensores do tronco é influenciada pelos fatores idade e nível de atividade física. Idosas ativas fisicamente possuem o mesmo nível de força dos músculos extensores do tronco que mulheres jovens inativas.
Relationship between functional movement screen and physical performance in elite young soccer players
Authors: Santos Diêgo Augusto Nascimento , Eiras Fabio Garcia Mandalen , Gonet Deborah Touginhó , Robalinho Maria Juliana de Almeida , Vasconcellos Fabrí­cio Vieira do Amaral
Published: June 2021

Backgroundː Soccer performance can be analyzed by different physical parameters such as linear speed and power. In addition, movement quality evaluations are used to assess individual functional capacity and a widely used tool is the functional movement screen (FMS). Objectives: The present study had three aims: 1) analyse the association of FMS final score and individual FMS scores with peak and relative muscle power and 10-m and 30-m sprints of young soccer players; 2) analyse the association between muscle power and speed from different categories controlled by FMS score; 3) compare peak and relative muscle power and 10-m and 30-m sprints between athletes with results of FMS >14 and < 14 scores in different categories. Methodsː Fifty-six Brazilian players from U15, U17, and U20 participated in the research. Subjects performed anthropometric measurements, FMS, muscle power, and 10-m, and 30-m sprint. Resultsː The results showed no association between FMS score and muscle power and speed (p > 0.05). However, stability-push-up showed small association with peak and relative muscle power (r = 0.28, p < 0.05; r = 0.29, p < 0.05, respectively). The in-line-lunge test showed inverse and small correlation with 10-m sprint (r = -0.28; p < 0.05). Relationship between peak and relative muscle power with 10-m and 30-m sprints showed moderate and small association in all categories, respectively (r = -0.76-0.32, p = 0.01). In addition, it was not found difference among players above and below 14 score. Conclusionː Based on these findings, the 14 score shows to be a weak cut-off value and it can be assumed that there are no association between FMS and power and speed in youth soccer.
Prevalence and Transmission of Fusarium moniliforme: A Seed Borne Pathogen of Rice
Authors: Hossain MS , Ali MA , Khan MAI , Maniruzzaman S
Published: June 2021

Fusarium moniliforme is one of the major seed borne pathogen of rice in Bangladesh that causes significant yield loss. To observe the incidence and transmission of this pathogen, farmers saved seeds and seeds from BADC were collected and the pathogens were detected by blotter method. The prevalence of the F. moniliforme varied according to locations and seasons. The highest 18% of seed infection was recorded in Boro seeds of Netrakona district and the lowest 2% was in Gazipur district. The Embryonal end of the seed is the most preferable site of the infection. F. moniliofrme successfully transmitted from seed to seedling and the transmission is high when pre- sprouted seed sown on the puddled seed bed. The study recommended that before planting season, seeds should be tested and treated when necessary to minimize spread of the pathogen.

Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (1): 11-19, 2020
Genetic Divergence of Rice Genotypes Revealed by Bacterial Blight Disease and Morphological Traits
Authors: Nihad SAI , Ara A , Rashid MM , Hasan MAI , Khan MAI , Latif MA
Published: June 2021

Bacterial blight is a perilous impediment for rice production. Resistant variety is a sustainable approach to fend off the loss of rice due to bacterial blight disease. In this study, 94 genotypes were screened against bacterial blight disease and its morphological diversity was assessed to find out the resistant donor with desirable morphological characters. Bacterial blight pathogen was inoculated following leaf clipping method for disease scoring. Out of 94 genotypes, 12 showed a resistant reaction, 13 showed moderately resistant reaction and 69 genotypes showed a susceptible reaction. Positive correlation was recorded between yield and most of the morphological characters. Yield hill─1 was significantly correlated with the number of tiller hill─1 (0.503**), number of effective tiller hill─1 (0.538**), total number of spikelets panicle─1 (0.595**), number of filled grain panicle─1 (0.595**), number of unfilled spikelet panicle─1 (0.239*) and 1000 grain weight hill─1 (0.843**). Eleven quantitative characters grouped 94 rice genotypes in 16 clusters at coefficient 3.38 and it indicated the presence of great amount diversity among the genotypes. Principal component analysis (PCA) supported the cluster analysis and the first four principal components explained around 70.99% of total divergence for all morphological characters. Principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) demonstrated that the genotypes BR8862-29-1-5-1-3, SVIN301, SVIN321, BR9207-45-2-2, SVIN018, lRBB5, SVIN038, BRRI dhan28 and BRRI dhan29 were placed in distant position from the centroid and it indicated that they were more diverse than the genotypes near the centroid. However, based on disease reaction and genetic diversity analysis crossing could be made between, resistant genotypes such as SVIN317, SVIN017, SVIN316, SVIN313, SVIN315, SVIN314, SVIN038, SVIN307, SVIN302, SVIN304 with the susceptible variety more specifically with BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan29, BRRI dhan50, BRRI dhan58, BRRI dhan63, BRRI dhan74, BRRI dhan81 and BRRI dhan84 to develop bacterial blight resistant variety.

Bangladesh Rice J. 24 (1): 73-84, 2020
A statistical mechanistic approach including temperature and salinity effects to improve salmon lice modelling of infestation pressure
Authors: Stige LC , Helgesen KO , Viljugrein H , Qviller L
Published: June 2021

Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis pose a major threat to the sustainable development of salmonid farming. To investigate effects of farm-origin salmon lice on wild salmonids, salmon lice dynamics are typically simulated using models that depend on experimentally determined rates of development, reproduction, mortality and infestation. Several recent studies provide new estimates of how these demographic rates depend on temperature and salinity. Here, we review and synthesize these studies and test if updating a salmon lice infestation model based on the new insights improves predictions of salmon lice infestations on salmon post-smolts in experimental cages in the sea. This model predicts spatiotemporal variation in infestation pressure based on weekly monitoring data of salmon lice and sea temperature in all salmonid fish farms in Norway, here supplemented by temperature and salinity data from a regional ocean model. Using data from 2012-2017 to select model formulation, we found the largest improvement in explanatory power by incorporating a salinity-dependent infestation rate. Updating functions for temperature-dependent egg production and infestation rates led to smaller improvements. Moreover, results suggest additional effects of temperature and a possible temperature-salinity interaction effect, not captured by the modelled processes. Out-of-sample predictions for experimental cage data from 2018-2020 confirmed that the uncertainty was realistically quantified, but also showed that associations of salmon lice infestations with salinity and temperature had changed. These results provide a field evaluation of experimental data and point to a knowledge gap regarding the combined effects of temperature and salinity on salmon lice infestations.
Evaluating the impacts of climate change on industrial water demand by sector
Authors: Zhang X , Zhang JY , Ao TQ , Wang XJ , Chen T , Wang BX
Published: June 2021

The impacts of climate change on industrial water demand (IWD) directly affect IWD management. In this study, we propose a framework for evaluating different impacts of climate change on IWD by sector, considering both direct and indirect effects. Data from 34 industrial sectors in Hebei Province, China, showed that the impacts of climate change varied by sector, and IWD in 22 of the 34 sectors was affected, ranging from -15.11 to 37.36% under the average rates of change in precipitation and temperature. The corresponding volumetric change of IWD was between -31.148 and 141.890 million m3, considering the difference in the water demand scale between sectors. The overall impact of climate change on IWD gradually decreased from more than 12.8% to approximately 4.1% from 2007 to 2016 due to the substantial improvement of water use efficiency. The indirect effects caused by the total industrial output value offset about 60-50% of the direct growth impacts. By contrast, the increase in IWD caused by the rise in temperature accounted for nearly 90% of the change, whereas only approximately 10% was caused by the decrease in precipitation. In general, an industrial sector may be directly and indirectly affected by temperature and precipitation, and the different impacts may offset each other. This study provides evidence and explanations for the heterogeneity of climate change impacts, and the research results can provide information for regional industrial water resource managers to adapt to climate change.
“FOOD EXPEDITIONS” AND “AVOSKA”: CONSUMER PASSIONS OF “HOMO SOVIETICUS” IN THE MODERN PROSE
Authors: Danylenko Liudmyla
Published: June 2021

Contemporary Ukrainian prose has been actively appealing to the memory of the Soviet past recently. Especially interesting is the literary reconstruction of everyday life that creates a background for demonstrating a specific type of ‘homo sovieticus’. A discussion on this large-scale and promising process has already started within literary studies. The paper deals with O. Ilchenko’s “Fog Pickers” and S. Baturyn’s “Shyzgara”, which represent the everyday life of Kyiv in the Soviet era. The focus is on the literary treatment of consumerism as a feature of a unified model representing the Soviet man. The researcher explains the ideas of debunking the myths about happy life in the USSR, analyzes the ways of creating the panoramic view of everyday life, traces the consistency of the authors’ interpretations that shows how accurately the experiences are depicted. The gastronomic routes of Kyiv residents, the methods of obtaining the foodstuffs, the social relationships established during purchases presented in the literary works are worth special attention. The writers are definitely critical regarding everyday living conditions in the recent past. They put characteristic features of the Soviet everyday life at the center of events, namely the lines in the stores of all kinds and their primitive range of products. Some Soviet euphemisms related to the food theme have been explained in the paper as well. The researcher comes to the conclusion that reconstruction of the everyday life of a Soviet man in the works by O. Ilchenko and S. Baturyn reveals the despicable nature and danger of the totalitarian system, shows the groundlessness of the nostalgic gasps for the Soviet Union. The literary representation of life in the USSR prompts one to reflect on the true values and uphold human dignity in a free state.
“THE CONQUERORS” BY YURII YANOVSKYI: THE AUTHOR IN SEARCH OF THE TITLE FOR THE WORK
Authors: Kondratieva Svitlana
Published: June 2021

The titles of Yurii Yanovskyi’s plays have not been studied yet. There are research works dealing with different issues of his plays and focusing on the titles of his novels but not plays. The present paper analyzes different variants of the title that Yanovskyi had for his play finally called “Zavoiovnyky” (“The Conquerors”). The writer’s purpose was to find a name that would most accurately reflect the idea and emphasize the main theme of his work. The author was focused on two topics while writing the play. The first one was war and fight, and the second was international consciousness and unification of the working class. The writer had considered more than thirty optional titles before he chose the final one. It is important to note that Yanovskyi had started creating variants of the title before the text of the play was finished. Therefore, some options had been related to the themes that finally were not manifested in the play, or at least were not presented in scale sufficient for giving ground to the correspondent names. Some of the variants were not only related to the themes of the play but also directly referred to some episodes, sometimes omitted in the final version and kept only in the drafts. Some optional titles implied a wider metaphorical sense. The last approach is relevant for the final title “Zavojovnyky” as well. With this word Yanovskyi didn’t name a physical conquest of some land by some people, but the expansion of the idea of uniting the working class around the globe. The author directly expressed this idea in the final monologue of his play, with the statement that the working class aims to conquer all the world.
Ice-Ice Disease in Commercially Cultivated Seaweeds Kappaphycus spp. and Eucheuma spp.: A Review on the Causes, Occurrence, and Control Measures
Authors: TAHİLUDDİN Albaris , TERZİ Ertuğrul
Published: June 2021

Kappaphycus spp. and Eucheuma spp. are two economically significant seaweed species cultivated globally due to their carrageenan content with numerous commercial applications. They are mainly cultivated in the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, and Tanzania. The culture of these seaweeds also provides income sources for many coastal dwellers. In 2018, the total global production from these seaweeds was about 11 million tonnes. One of the primary problems that affect seaweed production is the incidence of ice-ice disease. In this article, we reviewed the reported scientific journals on the ice-ice disease of two commercially cultured seaweed species (Kappaphycus spp. and Eucheuma spp.), focusing mainly on causes, occurrence, and control measures. The ice-ice disease is caused by both abiotic and biotic factors manifested by the presence of white and soft parts in the infected seaweeds. The occurrence of this disease varies from species, places, and seasons. Control measures may include proper farm management, polyculture with other seaweeds, pre-soaking with antibacterial substances and nutrient enrichment before out-planting, and possibly using genetic engineering.
Efficient Tuning-Free l1-Regression of Nonnegative Compressible Signals
Authors: Petersen Hendrik Bernd , Bah Bubacarr , Jung Peter
Published: June 2021

In compressed sensing the goal is to recover a signal from as few as possible noisy, linear measurements with the general assumption that the signal has only a few non-zero entries. The recovery can be performed by multiple different decoders, however most of them rely on some tuning. Given an estimate for the noise level a common convex approach to recover the signal is basis pursuit denoising. If the measurement matrix has the robust null space property with respect to theℓ2-norm, basis pursuit denoising obeys stable and robust recovery guarantees. In the case of unknown noise levels, nonnegative least squares recovers non-negative signals if the measurement matrix fulfills an additional property (sometimes called theM+-criterion). However, if the measurement matrix is the biadjacency matrix of a random left regular bipartite graph it obeys with a high probability the null space property with respect to theℓ1-norm with optimal parameters. Therefore, we discuss non-negative least absolute deviation (NNLAD), which is free of tuning parameters. For these measurement matrices, we prove a uniform, stable and robust recovery guarantee. Such guarantees are important, since binary expander matrices are sparse and thus allow for fast sketching and recovery. We will further present a method to solve the NNLAD numerically and show that this is comparable to state of the art methods. Lastly, we explain how the NNLAD can be used for viral detection in the recent COVID-19 crisis.
New Multiscale Characterization Methodology for Effective Determination of Isolation–Structure–Function Relationship of Extracellular Vesicles
Authors: Phan Thanh Huyen , Divakarla Shiva Kamini , Yeo Jia Hao , Lei Qingyu , Tharkar Priyanka , Pansani Taisa Nogueira , Leslie Kathryn G. , Tong Maggie , Coleman Victoria A. , Jämting Åsa , Du Plessis Mar-Dean , New Elizabeth J. , Kalionis Bill , Demokritou Philip , Woo Hyun-Kyung , Cho Yoon-Kyoung , Chrzanowski Wojciech
Published: June 2021

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been lauded as next-generation medicines, but very few EV-based therapeutics have progressed to clinical use. Limited clinical translation is largely due to technical barriers that hamper our ability to mass produce EVs, i.e., to isolate, purify, and characterize them effectively. Technical limitations in comprehensive characterization of EVs lead to unpredicted biological effects of EVs. Here, using a range of optical and non-optical techniques, we showed that the differences in molecular composition of EVs isolated using two isolation methods correlated with the differences in their biological function. Our results demonstrated that the isolation method determines the composition of isolated EVs at single and sub-population levels. Besides the composition, we measured for the first time the dry mass and predicted sedimentation of EVs. These parameters were likely to contribute to the biological and functional effects of EVs on single cell and cell cultures. We anticipate that our new multiscale characterization approach, which goes beyond traditional experimental methodology, will support fundamental understanding of EVs as well as elucidate the functional effects of EVs in in vitro and in vivo studies. Our findings and methodology will be pivotal for developing optimal isolation methods and establishing EVs as mainstream therapeutics and diagnostics. This innovative approach is applicable to a wide range of sectors including biopharma and biotechnology as well as to regulatory agencies.
Predictive Statistical Cost Estimation Model for Existing Single Family Home Elevation Projects
Authors: Taghinezhad Arash , Friedland Carol J. , Rohli Robert V. , Marx Brian D. , Giering Jeffrey , Nahmens Isabelina
Published: June 2021

One of the most preferred flood mitigation techniques for existing homes is raising the elevation of the lowest floor above the base flood elevation (BFE). Determination of project effectiveness through benefit-cost analysis (BCA) relies on the expected avoided flood loss and the project cost. Conventional construction cost estimates are highly detailed, considering specific details of the project; however, mitigation project decisions must often be made while considering only highly generalized building details. To provide a robust, generalized project cost estimation method, this paper implements data modeling and mining methods such as multiple regression, random forest, generalized additive model (GAM), and model evaluation and selection with cross-validation methods to hindcast elevation costs for existing single-family homes based on average floor area, increase in floor elevation, number of stories, and foundation type. Project cost data for homes elevated in Louisiana, United States, between 2005 and 2015 are used in cost prediction analysis. The statistical modeling results are compared with detailed estimations for several types of home foundations over a range of elevations. The results show substantial agreement between regression predictions and detailed estimates using RSMeans cost data.
Mechanism of Mitophagy and Its Role in Sepsis Induced Organ Dysfunction: A Review
Authors: Zhu Cheng-long , Yao Ren-qi , Li Lu-xi , Li Peng , Xie Jian , Wang Jia-feng , Deng Xiao-ming
Published: June 2021

Autophagy, an evolutionarily conserved process, plays an important role in maintaining cellular homeostasis under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. It is widely believed that mitochondria influence the development of disease by regulating cellular metabolism. When challenged by different stimuli, mitochondria may experience morphological disorders and functional abnormalities, leading to a selective form of autophagy—mitophagy, which can clear damaged mitochondria to promote mitochondrial quality control. Sepsis is a complex global problem with multiple organ dysfunction, often accompanied by manifold mitochondrial damage. Recent studies have shown that autophagy can regulate both innate and acquired immune processes to protect against organ dysfunction in sepsis. Sepsis-induced mitochondrial dysfunction may play a pathophysiological role in the initiation and progression of sepsis-induced organ failure. Mitophagy is reported to be beneficial for sepsis by eliminating disabled mitochondria and maintaining homeostasis to protect against organ failure. In this review, we summarize the recent findings and mechanisms of mitophagy and its involvement in septic organ dysfunction as a potential therapeutic target.
B Cell Orchestration of Anti-tumor Immune Responses: A Matter of Cell Localization and Communication
Authors: Kinker Gabriela Sarti , Vitiello Glauco Akelinghton Freire , Ferreira Wallax Augusto Silva , Chaves Alexandre Silva , Cordeiro de Lima Vladmir Cláudio , Medina Tiago da Silva
Published: June 2021

The immune system plays a crucial role in cancer development either by fostering tumor growth or destroying tumor cells, which has open new avenues for cancer immunotherapy. It was only over the last decade that the role of B cells in controlling anti-tumor immune responses in the tumor milieu has begun to be appreciated. B and plasma cells can exert anti-tumor effects through antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC) and activation of the complement cascade, even though their effector functions extend beyond the classical humoral immunity. In tumor tissues, B cells can be found in lymphoid aggregates, known as tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs), well-organized non-encapsulated structures composed of immune and stromal cells. These structures reflect a process of lymphoid neogenesis occurring in peripheral tissues upon long-lasting exposure to inflammatory signals. The TLS provides an area of intense B cell antigen presentation that can lead to optimal T cell activation and effector functions, as well as the generation of effector B cells, which can be further differentiated in either antibody-secreting plasma cells or memory B cells. Of clinical interest, the crosstalk between B cells and antigen-experienced and exhausted CD8+T cells within mature TLS was recently associated with improved response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in melanoma, sarcoma and lung cancer. Otherwise, B cells sparsely distributed in the tumor microenvironment or organized in immature TLSs were found to exert immune-regulatory functions, inhibiting anti-tumor immunity through the secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines. Such phenotype might arise when B cells interact with malignant cells rather than T and dendritic cells. Differences in the spatial distribution likely underlie discrepancies between the role of B cells inferred from human samples or mouse models. Many fast-growing orthotopic tumors develop a malignant cell-rich bulk with reduced stroma and are devoid of TLSs, which highlights the importance of carefully selecting pre-clinical models. In summary, strategies that promote TLS formation in close proximity to tumor cells are likely to favor immunotherapy responses. Here, the cellular and molecular programs coordinating B cell development, activation and organization within TLSs will be reviewed, focusing on their translational relevance to cancer immunotherapy.
Cyclophosphamide Exposure Causes Long-Term Detrimental Effect of Oocytes Developmental Competence Through Affecting the Epigenetic Modification and Maternal Factors’ Transcription During Oocyte Growth
Authors: Yang Weijie , Ma Yerong , Jin Jiamin , Ren Peipei , Zhou Hanjing , Xu Shiqian , Zhang Yingyi , Hu Zhanhong , Rong Yan , Dai Yongdong , Zhang Yinli , Zhang Songying
Published: June 2021

Cyclophosphamide (CTX) is widely used in various cancer therapies and in immunosuppression, and patients can still have babies after CTX chemotherapy. CTX directly causes primordial follicle loss with overactivation and DNA damage-induced apoptosis. Previous studies have shown that maternal exposure to CTX before conception increases the incidence of birth abnormalities and alters the methylation of genes in the oocytes of offspring. Mice were treated with a single dose of CTX (100 mg/kg) at post-natal day 21 and sacrificed 47 days later when primordial follicles surviving chemotherapy developed to the antral stage. Acute DNA damage and acceleration of the activation of primordial follicles after CTX treatment were repaired within several days, but the remaining follicle numbers remarkably decrease. Although partial surviving primordial follicle were developed to mature oocyte, oocyte quality hemostasis was impaired exhibiting aberrant meiosis progression, abnormal spindle and aneuploidy, mitochondrial dysfunction and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. Thereafter, embryo development competency significantly decreased with fewer blastocyst formation after CTX exposure. CTX treatment resulted in alteration of DNA methylations and histone modifications in fully grown GV oocytes. Single-cell RNA-seq revealed CTX treatment suppressed multiple maternal genes’ transcription including many methyltransferases and maternal factor YAP1, which probably accounts for low quality of CTX-repaired oocyte.In vitroaddition of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) to embryo culture media to promote YAP1 nuclear localization improved CTX-repaired embryo developmental competence. This study provides evidence for the consistent toxic effect of CTX exposure during follicle development, and provide a new mechanism and new insights into future clinical interventions for fertility preservation.
p65BTK Is a Novel Biomarker and Therapeutic Target in Solid Tumors
Authors: Grassilli Emanuela , Cerrito Maria Grazia , Bonomo Sara , Giovannoni Roberto , Conconi Donatella , Lavitrano Marialuisa
Published: June 2021

Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a non-receptor intracellular kinase playing a key role in the proliferation and survival of normal and malignant B-lymphocytes. Its targeting by Ibrutinib, the first specific inhibitor, represented a turning point for the therapy of certain types of B-cell leukemias/lymphomas and several more BTK inhibitors are today in the clinic or advanced clinical trials. BTK expression was successively found to occur also outside of the hematopoietic compartment. In fact, we identified p65BTK, a novel 65 kDa isoform lacking an N-term stretch of 86 amino acids (compared to the 77 kDa protein expressed in B cells) as highly expressed in colon cancer patients. We demonstrated that p65BTK is a powerful oncogene acting downstream of the RAS/MAPK pathway and necessary for RAS-mediated transformation. Notably, the kinase domain is conserved and therefore inhibited by the available BTK-targeting drugs (Ibrutinib, Spebrutinib, etc.) which we used to demonstrate that p65BTK is an actionable target in drug-resistant colorectal carcinomas. We found p65BTK expressed also in >50% non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) and demonstrated that it is an actionable target in KRAS-mutated/EGFR-wild type drug-resistant NSCLC models (for which no targeted therapy is available). We also reported a significant correlation between p65BTK expression and low-grade tumors and overall survival of patients with grade III gliomas and showed that its targeting induced a significant decrease in the viability of in glioma stem cells. Finally, in ovarian cancer patients, p65BTK expression levels correlate with early relapse and shorter progression-free survival, both indicators of resistance to therapy. Remarkably, Ibrutinib is more effective than standard of care (SOC) therapeutics in in vitro and ex vivo settings. On the whole, our preclinical data indicate that, depending on the tumor type, BTK inhibitors used alone can induce cytotoxicity (gliomas), be more effective than SOC chemotherapy (ovarian cancer) or can kill drug-resistant tumor cells when used in combination with SOC chemotherapy (colon cancer and NSCLC) or targeted therapy (NSCLC and ovarian cancer), thus suggesting that p65BTK may be an actionable target in different solid tumors. In addition, our data also give the proof-of-concept for starting clinical trials using BTK inhibitors, alone or in combination, to improve the therapeutic options for solid tumors treatment.
Role of Junctional Adhesion Molecule-C in the Regulation of Inner Endothelial Blood-Retinal Barrier Function
Authors: Hou Xu , Du Hong-Jun , Zhou Jian , Hu Dan , Wang Yu-Sheng , Li Xuri
Published: June 2021

Although JAM-C is abundantly expressed in the retinae and upregulated in choroidal neovascularization (CNV), it remains thus far poorly understood whether it plays a role in the blood-retinal barrier, which is critical to maintain the normal functions of the eye. Here, we report that JAM-C is highly expressed in retinal capillary endothelial cells (RCECs), and VEGF or PDGF-C treatment induced JAM-C translocation from the cytoplasm to the cytomembrane. Moreover, JAM-C knockdown in RCECs inhibited the adhesion and transmigration of macrophages from wet age-related macular degeneration (wAMD) patients to and through RCECs, whereas JAM-C overexpression in RCECs increased the adhesion and transmigration of macrophages from both wAMD patients and healthy controls. Importantly, the JAM-C overexpression-induced transmigration of macrophages from wAMD patients was abolished by the administration of the protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor GF109203X. Of note, we found that the serum levels of soluble JAM-C were more than twofold higher in wAMD patients than in healthy controls. Mechanistically, we show that JAM-C overexpression or knockdown in RCECs decreased or increased cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations, respectively. Our findings suggest that the dynamic translocation of JAM-C induced by vasoactive molecules might be one of the mechanisms underlying inner endothelial BRB malfunction, and inhibition of JAM-C or PKC in RCECs may help maintain the normal function of the inner BRB. In addition, increased serum soluble JAM-C levels might serve as a molecular marker for wAMD, and modulating JAM-C activity may have potential therapeutic value for the treatment of BRB malfunction-related ocular diseases.