bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Activating low-temperature diesel oxidation by single-atom Pt on TiO2 nanowire array
Authors: Hoang Son , Guo Yanbing , Binder Andrew J. , Tang Wenxiang , Wang Sibo , Liu Jingyue , Tran Huan , Lu Xingxu , Wang Yu , Ding Yong , Kyriakidou Eleni A. , Yang Ji , Toops Todd J. , Pauly Thomas R. , Ramprasad Rampi , Gao Pu-Xian
Published: February 2020

Supported metal single atom catalysts (SACs) present an emerging class of low-temperature catalysts with high reactivity and selectivity, which, however, face challenges on both durability and practicality. Herein, we report a single-atom Pt catalyst that is strongly anchored on a robust nanowire forest of mesoporous rutile titania grown on the channeled walls of full-size cordierite honeycombs. This Pt SAC exhibits remarkable activity for oxidation of CO and hydrocarbons with 90% conversion at temperatures as low as ~160 oC under simulated diesel exhaust conditions while using 5 times less Pt-group metals than a commercial oxidation catalyst. Such an excellent low-temperature performance is sustained over hydrothermal aging and sulfation as a result of highly dispersed and isolated active single Pt ions bonded at the Ti vacancy sites with 5 or 6 oxygen ions on titania nanowire surfaces.
Elucidating heterogeneous photocatalytic superiority of microporous porphyrin organic cage
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Kunhui , Wang Chiming , Liu Heyuan , Wang Hailong , Su Hongmei , Li Xiyou , Chen Banglin , Jiang Jianzhuang
Published: February 2020

The investigation on the catalytic properties of porous organic cages is still in an initial stage. Herein, the reaction of cyclohexanediamine with 5,15-di[3’,5’-diformyl(1,1’-biphenyl)]porphyrin affords a porphyrin tubular organic cage, PTC-1(2H). Transient absorption spectroscopy in solution reveals much prolonged triplet lifetime of PTC-1(2H) relative to monomer reference, illustrating the unique photophysical behavior of cagelike photosensitizer. The long triplet lifetime ensures high-efficiency singlet oxygen evolution according to homogeneous photo-bleach experiment, electron spin-resonance spectroscopy, and aerobic photo-oxidation of benzylamine. Furthermore, microporous supramolecular framework of PTC-1(2H) is able to promote the heterogeneous photo-oxidation of various primary amines with conversion efficiency above 99% under visible light irradiation. These results indicate the great application potentials of porous organic cages in heterogeneous phase.
The role of Mediator and Little Elongation Complex in transcription termination
Authors: Takahashi Hidehisa , Ranjan Amol , Chen Shiyuan , Suzuki Hidefumi , Shibata Mio , Hirose Tomonori , Hirose Hiroko , Sasaki Kazunori , Abe Ryota , Chen Kai , He Yanfeng , Zhang Ying , Takigawa Ichigaku , Tsukiyama Tadasuke , Watanabe Masashi , Fujii Satoshi , Iida Midori , Yamamoto Junichi , Yamaguchi Yuki , Suzuki Yutaka , Matsumoto Masaki , Nakayama Keiichi I. , Washburn Michael P. , Saraf Anita , Florens Laurence , Sato Shigeo , Tomomori-Sato Chieri , Conaway Ronald C. , Conaway Joan W. , Hatakeyama Shigetsugu
Published: February 2020

Mediator is a coregulatory complex that regulates transcription of Pol II-dependent genes. Previously, we showed that human Mediator subunit MED26 plays a role in the recruitment of Super Elongation Complex (SEC) or Little Elongation Complex (LEC) to regulate the expression of certain genes. MED26 plays a role in recruiting SEC to protein-coding genes including c-myc and LEC to small nuclear RNA (snRNA) genes. However, how MED26 engages SEC or LEC to regulate distinct genes is unclear. Here, we provide evidence that MED26 recruits LEC to modulate transcription termination of non-polyadenylated transcripts including snRNAs and mRNAs encoding replication-dependent histone (RDH) at Cajal bodies. Our findings indicate that LEC recruited by MED26 promotes efficient transcription termination by Pol II through interaction with CBC-ARS2 and NELF/DSIF, and promotes 3′ end processing by enhancing recruitment of Integrator or Heat Labile Factor to snRNA or RDH genes, respectively.
Candidate silencer elements for the human and mouse genomes
Authors: Doni Jayavelu Naresh , Jajodia Ajay , Mishra Arpit , Hawkins R. David
Published: February 2020

The study of gene regulation is dominated by a focus on the control of gene activation or increase in the level of expression. Just as critical is the process of gene repression or silencing. Chromatin signatures have identified enhancers, however, genome-wide identification of silencers by computational or experimental approaches are lacking. Here, we first define uncharacterized cis-regulatory elements likely containing silencers and find that 41.5% of ~7500 tested elements show silencer activity using massively parallel reporter assay (MPRA). We trained a support vector machine classifier based on MPRA data to predict candidate silencers in over 100 human and mouse cell or tissue types. The predicted candidate silencers exhibit characteristics expected of silencers. Leveraging promoter-capture HiC data, we find that over 50% of silencers are interacting with gene promoters having very low to no expression. Our results suggest a general strategy for genome-wide identification and characterization of silencer elements.
In vivo imaging of phosphocreatine with artificial neural networks
Authors: Chen Lin , Schär Michael , Chan Kannie W. Y. , Huang Jianpan , Wei Zhiliang , Lu Hanzhang , Qin Qin , Weiss Robert G. , van Zijl Peter C. M. , Xu Jiadi
Published: February 2020

Phosphocreatine (PCr) plays a vital role in neuron and myocyte energy homeostasis. Currently, there are no routine diagnostic tests to noninvasively map PCr distribution with clinically relevant spatial resolution and scan time. Here, we demonstrate that artificial neural network-based chemical exchange saturation transfer (ANNCEST) can be used to rapidly quantify PCr concentration with robust immunity to commonly seen MRI interferences. High-quality PCr mapping of human skeletal muscle, as well as the information of exchange rate, magnetic field and radio-frequency transmission inhomogeneities, can be obtained within 1.5 min on a 3 T standard MRI scanner using ANNCEST. For further validation, we apply ANNCEST to measure the PCr concentrations in exercised skeletal muscle. The ANNCEST outcomes strongly correlate with those from31P magnetic resonance spectroscopy (R = 0.813,p < 0.001,ttest). These results suggest that ANNCEST has potential as a cost-effective and widely available method for measuring PCr and diagnosing related diseases.
Haloperidol bound D2 dopamine receptor structure inspired the discovery of subtype selective ligands
Authors: Fan Luyu , Tan Liang , Chen Zhangcheng , Qi Jianzhong , Nie Fen , Luo Zhipu , Cheng Jianjun , Wang Sheng
Published: February 2020

The D2dopamine receptor (DRD2) is one of the most well-established therapeutic targets for neuropsychiatric and endocrine disorders. Most clinically approved and investigational drugs that target this receptor are known to be subfamily-selective for all three D2-like receptors, rather than subtype-selective for only DRD2. Here, we report the crystal structure of DRD2 bound to the most commonly used antipsychotic drug, haloperidol. The structures suggest an extended binding pocket for DRD2 that distinguishes it from other D2-like subtypes. A detailed analysis of the structures illuminates key structural determinants essential for DRD2 activation and subtype selectivity. A structure-based and mechanism-driven screening combined with a lead optimization approach yield DRD2 highly selective agonists, which could be used as chemical probes for studying the physiological and pathological functions of DRD2 as well as promising therapeutic leads devoid of promiscuity.
Regionalization of Soil and Water Conservation Aimed at Ecosystem Services Improvement
Authors: Hu Xiaoqian , Li Zhongwu , Nie Xiaodong , Wang Danyang , Huang Jinquan , Deng Chuxiong , Shi Lin , Wang Lingxia , Ning Ke
Published: February 2020

To effectively control soil erosion, three hierarchies of the National Soil and Water Conservation Regionalization Scheme have been established in China. However, the scheme has its limits, which can be summarized by two points: first, the tertiary hierarchy functional region exhibits obvious heterogeneity; second, the ecosystem function does not influence the regionalization scheme results during the process of regionalization. To enhance the guidance of the regionalization, a new indicator system included soil erosion risk, soil erosion intensity and ecosystem service value was developed to explore the subdivision of the tertiary hierarchy functional region. Moreover a scheme for the subdivision of the tertiary hierarchy functional region was formed. In this scheme, the central Hunan hilly soil conservation and living environmental protection section was divided into three subregions: Luoxiao-Xuefeng Mountain high ecological value section, Xiangjiang middle and downstream medium ecological value section, and Hengyang Basin low ecological value section. Specifically, with regard to soil and water conservation regionalization, the concept of subregions within the tertiary hierarchy-based functional region was proposed and the new indicator system that highlighted ecosystem functions was applied for the first time on a regional scales; this method provides a new way of thinking about other regionalization schemes.
Production and characterization of starch nanoparticles by mild alkali hydrolysis and ultra-sonication process
Authors: Ahmad Mudasir , Gani Adil , Hassan Ifra , Huang Qingrong , Shabbir Hassan
Published: February 2020

In this report, synthesis of the starch nanoparticles from underutilized and cheap sources viz: Horse chestnut (HS), Water chestnut (WS) and Lotus stem (LS) by using mild alkali hydrolysis and ultra-sonication process has been presented. The particles were characterized by Differential scanning colorimeter (DSC), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Rheology, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infra-spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The particle size measurements, functional properties and antioxidant potential of starch nanoparticles were also analyzed. The experimental results revealed that the average particle size diameter of Horse chestnut starch nanoparticles (HSP), Water chestnut starch nanoparticles (WSP) and Lotus stem starch nanoparticles (LSP) was found to be 420, 606 and 535 nm, respectively. We observed a notable increase in the water absorption capacity but decreased capacity for oil absorption in the starch nano-particles. SEM images revealed damaged starch granules after size reduction. Additionally, loss of crystallinity and molecular order was observed from XRD and ATR-FTIR spectra. It was concluded that the starch nanoparticles have better thermal stability, increased viscosity and antioxidant properties.
Spatial modeling of prostate cancer metabolic gene expression reveals extensive heterogeneity and selective vulnerabilities
Authors: Wang Yuliang , Ma Shuyi , Ruzzo Walter L.
Published: February 2020

Spatial heterogeneity is a fundamental feature of the tumor microenvironment (TME), and tackling spatial heterogeneity in neoplastic metabolic aberrations is critical for tumor treatment. Genome-scale metabolic network models have been used successfully to simulate cancer metabolic networks. However, most models use bulk gene expression data of entire tumor biopsies, ignoring spatial heterogeneity in the TME. To account for spatial heterogeneity, we performed spatially-resolved metabolic network modeling of the prostate cancer microenvironment. We discovered novel malignant-cell-specific metabolic vulnerabilities targetable by small molecule compounds. We predicted that inhibiting the fatty acid desaturase SCD1 may selectively kill cancer cells based on our discovery of spatial separation of fatty acid synthesis and desaturation. We also uncovered higher prostaglandin metabolic gene expression in the tumor, relative to the surrounding tissue. Therefore, we predicted that inhibiting the prostaglandin transporter SLCO2A1 may selectively kill cancer cells. Importantly, SCD1 and SLCO2A1 have been previously shown to be potently and selectively inhibited by compounds such as CAY10566 and suramin, respectively. We also uncovered cancer-selective metabolic liabilities in central carbon, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Our novel cancer-specific predictions provide new opportunities to develop selective drug targets for prostate cancer and other cancers where spatial transcriptomics datasets are available.
Taurine Induces an Ordered but Functionally Inactive Conformation in Intrinsically Disordered Casein Proteins
Authors: Bhat Mohd Younus , Singh Laishram Rajendrakumar , Dar Tanveer Ali
Published: February 2020

Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are involved in various important biological processes, such as cell signalling, transcription, translation, cell division regulation etc. Many IDPs need to maintain their disordered conformation for proper function. Osmolytes, natural organic compounds responsible for maintaining osmoregulation, have been believed to regulate the functional activity of macromolecules including globular proteins and IDPs due to their ability of modulating the macromolecular structure, conformational stability, and functional integrity. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of all classes of osmolytes on two model IDPs, α- and β-casein. It was observed that osmolytes can serve either as folding inducers or folding evaders. Folding evaders, in general, do not induce IDP folding and therefore had no significant effect on structural and functional integrity of IDPs. On the other hand, osmolytes taurine and TMAO serve as folding inducers by promoting structural collapse of IDPs that eventually leads to altered structural and functional integrity of IDPs. This study sheds light on the osmolyte-induced regulation of IDPs and their possible role in various disease pathologies.
Controlled synthesis and luminescence properties of core-shell-shell structured SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu@SiO2 and SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu-phen@SiO2 nanocomposites
Authors: Qiao Yan , Li Wenxian , Bao Jinrong , Zheng Yushan , Feng Lina , Ma Yangyang , Yang Kuisuo , Wu Anping , Bai He , Yang Yunjiang
Published: February 2020

Two novel core-shell structured SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu and SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu-phen nanocomposites have been synthesized by a bifunctional organic ligands ((HOOC)2C6H3NHCONH(CH2)3Si(OCH2CH3)3) (defined as AIPA-S-Si) connected with Eu3+ ions and silica via covalent bond. And the corresponding core-shell-shell structured SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu@SiO2 and SiO2@AIPA-S-Si-Eu-phen@SiO2 nanocomposites with enhanced luminescence have been synthesized by tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) hydrolysis co-deposition method. The composition and micromorphology of the nanocomposites were characterized by means of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), thermal gravimetric analysis (TG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The as-synthesized core-shell and core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites have excellent luminescence intensity and long lifetime. The nanocomposites show bright red light under ultraviolet lamp. However, the core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites have stronger luminescence intensity than the corresponding core-shell structured nanocomposites. Meanwhile, the core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites still exhibit good luminescence stability in aqueous solution. In addition, a large number of Si-OH on the surface of the core-shell-shell structured nanocomposites can be attached to many biomacromolecules. Therefore, they have potential applications in the fields of biology and luminescence.
MBW complexes impinge on anthocyanidin reductase gene regulation for proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in persimmon fruit
Authors: Gil-Muñoz Francisco , Sánchez-Navarro Jesús A. , Besada Cristina , Salvador Alejandra , Badenes María Luisa , Naval María del Mar , Ríos Gabino
Published: February 2020

MBW protein complexes containing MYB, bHLH and WD40 repeat factors are known transcriptional regulators of secondary metabolites production such as proanthocyanidins and anthocyanins, and developmental processes such as trichome formation in many plant species. DkMYB2 and DkMYB4 (MYB-type), DkMYC1 (bHLH-type) and DkWDR1 (WD40-type) factors have been proposed by different authors to take part of persimmon MBW complexes for proanthocyanidin accumulation in immature fruit, leading to its characteristic astringent flavour with important agronomical and ecological effects. We have confirmed the nuclear localization of these proteins and their mutual physical interaction by bimolecular fluorescence complementation analysis. In addition, transient expression of DkMYB2, DkMYB4 and DkMYC1 cooperatively increase the expression of a persimmon anthocyanidin reductase gene (ANR), involved in the biosynthesis of cis-flavan-3-ols, the structural units of proanthocyanidin compounds. Collectively, these data support the presence of MBW complexes in persimmon fruit and suggest their coordinated participation in ANR regulation for proanthocyanidin production.
Fabrication of a multifunctional magnetic-fluorescent material for medical applications
Authors: Arteaga-Cardona Fernando , Estévez J. Octavio , Méndez-Rojas Miguel A. , Hidalgo-Tobón Silvia , Dies-Suarez Pilar , Silva-González N. Rutilo , Gracia y Jiménez Justo Miguel , Cherr Gary N. , Salazar-Kuri Ulises
Published: February 2020

A multifunctional magnetic-luminescent biocompatible composite was fabricated by thermal decomposition and tested for medical applications.
Photoluminescence enhancement of Re(i) carbonyl complexes bearing D–A and D–π–A ligands
Authors: Maroń Anna M. , Szlapa-Kula Agata , Matussek Marek , Kruszynski Rafal , Siwy Mariola , Janeczek Henryk , Grzelak Justyna , Maćkowski Sebastian , Schab-Balcerzak Ewa , Machura Barbara
Published: February 2020

The impact of highly electron donating units appended to the imine ligand on the thermal and optoelectronic properties of Re(i) complexes was investigated.
Homogeneous Fe2O3 coatings on carbon nanotube structures for supercapacitors
Authors: Yu Pengmei , Coll Mariona , Amade Roger , Alshaikh Islam , Pantoja-Suárez Fernando , Pascual Esther , Andújar José Luís , Serra Enric Bertran
Published: February 2020

The combination of carbon nanotubes with transition metal oxides can exhibit complementary charge storage properties for use as electrode materials for next generation energy storage devices.
Student-generated video in chemistry education
Authors: Gallardo-Williams Maria , Morsch Layne A. , Paye Ciana , Seery Michael K.
Published: February 2020

Student-generated videos are growing in popularity in education generally, and in chemistry education there are several reports emerging on their use in practice. Interest in their use in chemistry is grounded in the visual nature of chemistry, the role of laboratory work in chemistry, and a desire to enhance digital literacy skills. In this perspective, we consider the place of student-generated videos in chemistry education, by first considering an appropriate pedagogical rationale for their usage. We then survey the reports of student-generated video with this framework in mind, exploring the role of generation in the reports surveyed. From this, we summarise the current status of student-generated videos in chemistry education and highlight from our readings some considerations for future research in this area, as well as guidelines for practitioners wishing to integrate student-generated video into their practice.
Light- and temperature-assisted spin state annealing: accessing the hidden multistability
Authors: Chen Yan-Cong , Meng Yan , Dong Yan-Jie , Song Xiao-Wei , Huang Guo-Zhang , Zhang Chuan-Lei , Ni Zhao-Ping , Navařík Jakub , Malina Ondřej , Zbořil Radek , Tong Ming-Liang
Published: February 2020

Two new two-stage manipulation protocols, namely light- and temperature-assisted spin state annealing (LASSA/TASSA), are applied to a spin crossover coordination polymer, [Fe(isoq)2{Au(CN)2}2], revealing the hidden multistability of spin states.
Arrested dynamics in a model peptide hydrogel system
Authors: Rüter Axel , Kuczera Stefan , Gentile Luigi , Olsson Ulf
Published: February 2020

We report here on a peptide hydrogel system, which in contrast to most other such systems, is made up of relatively short fibrillar aggregates, discussing resemblance with colloidal rods.
Vertically aligned VS2 on graphene as a 3D heteroarchitectured anode material with capacitance-dominated lithium storage
Authors: Huang Zhiyong , Han Xiaoyan , Cui Xun , He Chengen , Zhang Jinlong , Wang Xianggang , Lin Zhiqun , Yang Yingkui
Published: February 2020

Facile solvothermal and post-annealing approaches to craft vertically aligned VS2 nanosheets onto graphene as 2D/2D heteroarchitectured anodes with capacitance-dominated lithium storage.
A novel biosensor for the monitoring of ovarian cancer tumor protein CA 125 in untreated human plasma samples using a novel nano-ink: a new platform for efficient diagnosis of cancer using paper based microfluidic technology
Authors: Saadati Arezoo , Hassanpour Soodabeh , Bahavarnia Fanaz , Hasanzadeh Mohammad
Published: February 2020

Carcinoma antigen 125 (CA 125) has been recognized as a clinical glycoprotein/biomarker for the early-stage detection of ovarian cancer.
Benzoselenophenylpyridine platinum complexes: green versus red phosphorescence towards hybrid OLEDs
Authors: Petrenko Alla , Leitonas Karolis , Volyniuk Dmytro , Baryshnikov Gleb V. , Belyakov Sergey , Minaev Boris F. , Ågren Hans , Durgaryan Hranush , Gražulevičius Juozas Vidas , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: February 2020

The solid solutions of the novel platinum complexes bearing pyridyl benzo[b]selenophenes moieties emitted efficient green and red phosphorescence with absolute quantum yields of 52% (for green) and 11.6% (for red).
Na3Sc2(PO4)2F3: rational design and synthesis of an alkali rare-earth phosphate fluoride as an ultraviolet nonlinear optical crystal with an enlarged birefringence
Authors: Xu Feng , Peng Guang , Lin Chensheng , Zhao Dan , Li Bingxuan , Zhang Ge , Yang Shunda , Ye Ning
Published: February 2020

An alkali rare-earth phosphate fluoride nonlinear optical crystal, Na3Sc2(PO4)2F3, was synthesized, showing an enlarged birefringence and a short phase matching wavelength.
Long non-coding RNA RP11-284P20.2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by recruiting EIF3b to induce c-met protein synthesis
Authors: Fang Qin-Liang , Zhou Jian-Yin , Xiong Yu , Xie Cheng-Rong , Wang Fu-Qiang , Li Yun-Tong , Yin Zhen-Yu , Luo Guo-Hui
Published: February 2020

A newly identified lncRNA designated as RP11-284P20.2 has been identified to be up-regulated in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), but its role in HCC remain poorly understood. Quantitative PCR and immunocytochemical analysis were performed using the HCC tissues to identify the potential interaction partners of RP11-284P20.2. Moreover, RP11-284P20.2 was knocked down in HCC cell lines, HepG2 and SMMC7721, to investigate the influence of this lncRNA on cell growth properties. Additionally, RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization and immunofluorescence, RNA immunoprecipitation, and RNA pull-down assays were performed to determine the interaction of RP11-284P20.2 with c-met mRNA and eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3b (EIF3b). Silencing RP11-284P20.2 inhibited cell viability, migration, invasion, and colony formation, and increased apoptosis. Overexpression of c-met abolished these effects of RP11-284P20.2 in HCC cells. Histopathological examination showed that HCC tissues with high RP11-284P20.2 expression had higher c-met protein level than that in HCC tissues with low RP11-284P20.2 expression. However, there was no positive correlation between the expression levels of RP11-284P20.2 and c-met mRNA. RP11-284P20.2 knockdown led to a decease in c-met protein expression level, but did not affect the c-met mRNA expression level. These data suggest that RP11-284P20.2 regulates c-met protein expression level, which is independent of c-Met mRNA expression level. It was also confirmed that RP11-284P20.2 has high affinity toward both c-met mRNA and EIF3b protein, and hence RP11-284P20.2 probably recruits EIF3b protein to c-met mRNA and further facilitates its translation. RP11-284P20.2 promotes cell proliferation and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma by recruiting EIF3b to induce c-met protein synthesis.
Novel design for differential phase shifter structure by using multi‐section coupled lines
Authors: Geyikoglu M.D. , Koc Polat H. , Cavusoglu B.
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, a new wideband differential phase shifter is proposed by using a multi‐section coupled line structure. S‐parameter circuit equations and design parameters are calculated using even/odd mode and transmission line analysis techniques for a set of phase shifters (from 0 to 90 with a step of 10°) of the proposed device. The proposed form is the first work that adds multi‐section structures on the coupled line to provide any desired phase shift to the same reference line. In addition, for specific applications such as hyperthermia, the beamforming is ensured to be at small angle steps (10°) to focus the signal to the correct spot. The device is modelled with full‐wave electromagnetic simulator Computer Simulation Technology (CST). Ten prototypes of differential phase shifters are designed, manufactured, and tested for the accuracy of simulation results. The simulated and measured results are in good agreement with the theory and show a bandwidth of 20.4%, <2.7 phase deviation, and >1 dB insertion loss across the 2.2–2.7 GHz frequency range.
Architecture to improve the accuracy of automatic image annotation systems
Authors: Ghostan Khatchatoorian Artin , Jamzad Mansour
Published: February 2020

Automatic image annotation (AIA) is an image retrieval mechanism to extract relative semantic tags from visual content. So far, the improvement of accuracy in newly developed such methods have been about 1 or 2% in the F1‐score and the architectures seem to have room for improvement. Therefore, the authors designed a more detailed architecture for AIA and suggested new algorithms for its main parts. The proposed architecture has three main parts: feature extraction, learning, and annotation. They designed a novel learning method using machine learning and probability bases. In the annotation part, they suggest a novel method that gains the maximum benefit from the learning part. The combination of the proposed architecture, algorithms, and novel ideas resulted in new accuracy milestones in F1‐score on most commonly used datasets. In their architecture, N+ measure which shows the number of tags with non‐zero recalls showed that they could recall all tags for IAPRTC‐12 and ESP‐Games datasets.
Convolutional LSTM based transportation mode learning from raw GPS trajectories
Authors: Nawaz Asif , Zhiqiu Huang , Senzhang Wang , Hussain Yasir , Khan Izhar , Khan Zaheer
Published: February 2020

With the advancement of location acquisition technologies, a large amount of raw global positioning system (GPS) trajectory data is produced by many moving devices. Learning transportation modes from the GPS trajectory data is an important problem in the domain of trajectory data mining. Traditional supervised learning‐based approaches rely heavily on data preprocessing and feature engineering, which require domain expertise and are time consuming. The authors propose a deep learning‐based convolutional long short term memory (LSTM) model for transportation mode learning, in which the convolution neural network is first used to extract deep high‐level features and then LSTM is used to learn the sequential patterns in the data that uses both GPS and weather features, thus making the full use of spatiotemporal operations. The authors have also analysed the impact of the geospatial region on human mobility. Experiments conducted on the Microsoft Geolife data set fused with the weather data set show that their model achieves the state‐of‐the‐art results. The authors compare the performance of their model with the benchmark models, which shows the superiority of their model having 3% improvement in accuracy using only GPS features, and the accuracy is further improved by 4 and 7% on including the impact of geospatial region and weather attributes, respectively.
[C II] 158 μm self-absorption and optical depth effects
Authors: Guevara C. , Stutzki J. , Ossenkopf-Okada V. , Simon R. , Pérez-Beaupuits J. P. , Beuther H. , Bihr S. , Higgins R. , Graf U. , Güsten R.
Published: February 2020

Context. The [C II] 158 μm far-infrared fine-structure line is one of the most important cooling lines of the star-forming interstellar medium (ISM). It is used as a tracer of star formation efficiency in external galaxies and to study feedback effects in parental clouds. High spectral resolution observations have shown complex structures in the line profiles of the [C II] emission.

Aims. Our aim is to determine whether the complex profiles observed in [12C II] are due to individual velocity components along the line-of-sight or to self-absorption based on a comparison of the [12C II] and isotopic [13C II] line profiles.

Methods. Deep integrations with the SOFIA/upGREAT 7-pixel array receiver in the sources of M43, Horsehead PDR, Monoceros R2, and M17 SW allow for the detection of optically thin [13C II] emission lines, along with the [12C II] emission lines, with a high signal-to-noise ratio. We first derived the [12C II] optical depth and the [C II] column density from a single component model. However, the complex line profiles observed require a double layer model with an emitting background and an absorbing foreground. A multi-component velocity fit allows us to derive the physical conditions of the [C II] gas: column density and excitation temperature.

Results. We find moderate to high [12C II] optical depths in all four sources and self-absorption of [12C II] in Mon R2 and M17 SW. The high column density of the warm background emission corresponds to an equivalent Av of up to 41 mag. The foreground absorption requires substantial column densities of cold and dense [C II] gas, with an equivalent Av ranging up to about 13 mag.

Conclusions. The column density of the warm background material requires multiple photon-dominated region surfaces stacked along the line of sight and in velocity. The substantial column density of dense and cold foreground [C II] gas detected in absorption cannot be explained with any known scenario and we can only speculate on its origins.
Effect of Co on microstructure and mechanical properties of precipitation hardening stainless steel
Authors: LV Xiang , Zou De-ning , Li Jiao , Pang Yang , Li Yu-nong
Published: February 2020

The effects of Co element on the microstructure of precipitation hardening stainless steel was investigated by metallographic microscope (OM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and the mechanical properties were measured by tensile, hardness and impact tests. The results show that with increasing Co content, the volume fraction of reversion austenite is increased. The precipitation of ε-Cu phase is remarkably decreased, leading to the improvement of ductility, while the strength and hardness are decreased. Co element improves the strength and toughness of stainless steel through fine-grain strengthening, solution strengthening and austenitic toughening.
Modeling of slag foaming height of electric arc furnace using stepwise regression analysis
Authors: Lee Jaegak , Kim Jungkeuk , Hwang Haejin , Son Kyungchan , Jeon Wonseok , Kim Younghwan , Um Hyungsic , Yang Hyunseok
Published: February 2020

Slag foaming directly affects the productivity and quality of steel during the electric arc furnace (EAF) process. Therefore, the slag foaming height needs to be monitored in real-time. However, direct measurement of the slag foaming height is difficult to achieve because the inside of the EAF consists of harsh environments, i.e., high temperature and the presence of gas and dust. A stepwise regression model of the slag foaming height was created using sensor data from the EAF. A total of 272 operational data sets from the EAF process were used to develop and validate the regression model. This data came from 140ton DC-EAF of Dongkuk Steel in Pohang, Korea. We randomly selected 80% of the data for developing the regression model; the remaining 20% of data were used for model validation. The model was validated using the validation benchmark coefficient of determination (R2) and correlation coefficients. As a result, the important variables of slag foaming were statistically selected a priori. Using the regression model, the slag foaming height can be predicted without additional sensors. Based on the developed model, the effects of oxygen injection and carbon injection on the slag foaming height of EAF were predicted and are discussed herein.
Die anderen und ich: Wie soziale Interaktionen die Wahrnehmung des anderen verändern. Das Cyberball-Paradigma und seine Indikationen im Migrationskontext
Authors: Roayaee Maryam , Rahman Rasha Abdel , Danziger Meggie , Tudge Luke , Daedelow Laura S. , Heinz Andreas , Wüstenberg Torsten
Published: February 2020

Welche Wirkung hat soziale Ausgrenzung auf die Wahrnehmung des Gegenübers und wie kann dieser Effekt mithilfe experimenteller Methoden erfasst werden? Die Beantwortung dieser Frage kann Psychologen, Soziologen, aber auch Klinikern wertvolle Erkenntnisse für das Verständnis und den konkreten Umgang mit den betroffenen Menschen oder Gruppen geben. Zu den gesellschaftlichen Gruppen, die besonders häufig mit sozialer Ausgrenzung konfrontiert sind, gehören z. B. Menschen mit psychischen Erkrankungen, Migranten oder auch ethnische Minderheiten.

In diesem Artikel präsentieren wir die Ergebnisse einer experimentellen Vorstudie an gesunden Probanden, in der wir mithilfe einer modifizierten Version des Cyberball-Paradigmas untersuchten, welche Effekte soziale Ausgrenzung auf die spontane Bewertung von Persönlichkeitsmerkmalen wie Attraktivität, Vertrauenswürdigkeit, Aggressivität und Dominanz hat. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie zeigen, dass sich diese Effekte mithilfe des Cyberball-Paradigmas quantifizieren lassen und sich die Wahrnehmung des Gegenübers schon nach relativ kurzer sozialer Interaktion in Abhängigkeit von deren Valenz verändert.

Vor dem Hintergrund dieser Befunde diskutieren wir das Potenzial dieses Paradigmas zur Untersuchung von sozialen Faktoren, die bei der Entwicklung von psychischen Erkrankungen bei Migranten eine Rolle spielen können, und besprechen die zu beachtenden Besonderheiten bei einer prospektiven Anwendung in den anfänglich erwähnten Risikogruppen.
Zur Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen geflüchteten Frauen und weiblichen Freiwilligen
Authors: Mehran Nassim , Abi Jumaa Jinan , Hertner Laura , Von Bach Elisabeth , Valensise Livia , Strasser Judith , Kluge Ulrike
Published: February 2020

Mit der wachsenden Zahl von Geflüchteten, die 2015 in Deutschland ankamen, entstand ein steigender Bedarf an Unterstützung und Betreuung in psychosozialen Angelegenheiten, auf Seiten der Geflüchteten wie auch der freiwilligen Helfer/innen. Das Forschungsprojekt ReWoven untersuchte die allgemeine Beziehungsgestaltung zwischen miteinander nicht unbedingt bekannten geflüchteten Frauen und weiblichen Freiwilligen mithilfe von 32 leitfadengestützten Interviews (16 mit arabisch- und farsisprachigen geflüchteten Frauen, 16 mit weiblichen Freiwilligen). Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Unsicherheit bezüglich der Definition der „Freiwilligentätigkeit“ auf beiden Seiten sowie die Missverständnisse und Ungleichgewichte in ihrer Interaktion als Hindernisse für den Aufbau intensiver, reziproker Beziehungen zwischen den beiden Gruppen empfunden wurden. Dabei ist die Bedeutung der jeweiligen Organisation, in der diese Beziehungen entstehen, nicht zu vernachlässigen.
Knochen und Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Scharla Stephan H.
Published: February 2020

Diabetes mellitus ist mit einem erhöhten Risiko für Osteoporose und Frakturen assoziiert. Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 1 sind stärker betroffen, mit einem relativen Risiko für Hüftfrakturen von 2,5 bis 12. Das Risiko für Wirbelfrakturen ist bis 2-fach erhöht. Bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus Typ 2 ist das Frakturrisiko nicht so deutlich erhöht und mit der Zeitdauer der Diabetes-Erkrankung, dem Vorliegen von vaskulären Schäden, einer Neuropathie und mit einer Insulintherapie assoziiert. Ursachen für das gesteigerte Frakturrisiko sind toxische Effekte von hohen Glukosekonzentration auf Osteoblasten, die Glykierung von Knochenmatrixproteinen mit Veränderung der Kollagenstruktur, hormonelle Veränderungen und eine Störung der Knochenarchitektur. Das Frakturrisiko kann auch schon ohne deutliche Knochendichte-Minderung bereits erhöht sein. Die therapeutische Interventionsschwelle bei der Knochendichtemessung sollte deshalb in Richtung höhere Werte angepasst werden. Der Knochen als endokrines Organ moduliert aber auch den Zuckerstoffwechsel. Das aus dem Knochen freigesetzte untercarboxylierte Osteocalcin stimuliert die Insulinsekretion im Pankreas, verbessert die Insulinsensitivität und ist mit dem Risiko für die Manifestation des Diabetes mellitus assoziiert.
Long-Term Radiographic Changes in Stemless Press-Fit Total Shoulder Arthroplasty
Authors: Beck Sascha , Patsalis Theodor , Busch André , Dittrich Florian , Wegner Alexander , Landgraeber Stefan , Jäger Marcus
Published: February 2020

Introduction Stemmed humeral implants have represented the gold standard in total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) for decades. Like many other joints, the latest trends in TSA designs aim at bone preservation. Current studies have demonstrated that native proximal humeral bone stresses are most closely mimicked by stemless implants. Nevertheless, there are concerns about the long-term performance of stemless designs. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the long-term radiographic changes at the proximal humerus in anatomical stemless press-fit TSA.

Materials and Methods Between 2008 and 2010, 48 shoulders in 43 patients were resurfaced using an anatomic stemless shoulder prosthesis (TESS, Biomet). Thirty shoulders in twenty-five patients who were aged 65.7 ± 9.9 (34 to 82) years were available for clinical and radiographic review at a mean follow-up of 94.0 ± 8.9 (78 to 110) months.

Results Radiographic changes of the proximal humerus due to stress shielding were found in 38.4% of the stemless TESS implants. Mild stress shielding accounted for 80% of the observed radiographic changes. Radiographs exhibited stable fixation of the stemless humeral press-fit implant at early and late follow-up. In contrast, radiolucent lines at the glenoid implant were found in 96.1% of the cases. Irrespective of the degree of radiographic changes, clinical scores (VAS, Quick-DASH, Constant score) significantly improved at follow-up.

Conclusions The anatomic stemless press-fit implant seems to be favorable in terms of implant-related stress shielding. Clinical outcome was not affected by radiographic changes, demonstrating an 8-year clinical performance that seems to be comparable to conventional stemmed TSA.
Diagnosestellung von Zwangsstörungen bei geflüchteten Patienten. Stellen wir die richtigen Fragen?
Authors: Elnahrawy Nehal , Elsheikh Mohamed , Lieb Klaus , Tüscher Oliver
Published: February 2020

Das Spektrum der Zwangsstörungen (OCD) beinhaltet schwere, stark einschränkende Zustandsbilder. Zwangsstörungen entwickeln sich in der Regel in der späten Adoleszenz bzw. im frühen Erwachsenenalter und nehmen einen chronischen Verlauf, sofern keine Behandlung erfolgt. Das Konzept der OCD zeigt große Varianz entsprechend kultureller und historischer Kontexte. Unter Geflüchteten aus arabischsprachigen Gesellschaften sind religiöse und Kontaminationsideen die häufigste Art von Zwangsgedanken. Dieser Umstand macht die Diagnosestellung von OCD umso schwieriger, da mit diesen Inhalten Scham- und Schuldgefühle assoziiert sind, die die Zeit bis zur aktiven Suche nach Hilfe deutlich verzögern können. Die Anwendung kultursensibler diagnostischer Instrumente ist wichtig, um Zwangssymptome bei Geflüchteten korrekt und frühzeitig diagnostizieren zu können. Wir schlagen daher vor, die arabische Version des Zohar-Fineberg Obsessive Compulsion Screens (ZF-OCS) um die zuverlässige und explizite Erfassung von religiösen und Kontaminationsgedanken zu erweitern.
Wenn’s alte Jahr erfolgreich war, dann freue dich aufs neue …
Authors: Freye Carolin
Published: February 2020

Die Zeit vergeht – und unser Magazin Klinik Einkauf feiert seinen ersten Geburtstag.
Erfahrungsbericht: Strategische Krankenhauslogistik im Krankenhaus Nord
Authors: Plundrak Peter
Published: February 2020

Um die medizinische Versorgung im Nordosten Wiens zu verbessern, fiel 2006 die Entscheidung, ein neues Spital zu bauen. Bereits ein Jahr später stand der Masterplan Logistik – und im Sommer 2019 konnten die ersten Patienten aufgenommen werden. Durch die Verknüpfung unterschiedlicher Logistikansätze und -instrumente wurde eine zukunftsfähige Krankenhauslogistik realisiert. Sie ermöglicht sowohl flexible als auch standardisierte Leistungsprozesse und unterstützt auch erforderliche Anpassungen und Weiterentwicklungen zukünftiger logistischer Anforderungen.
Composition and characterisation of kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in grain sorghum
Authors: Selle Peter H. , McInerney Bernard V. , McQuade Leon R. , Khoddami Ali , Chrystal Peter V. , Hughes Robert J. , Liu Sonia Yun
Published: February 2020

Context Sorghum is an important feed grain for chicken-meat production in Australia. However, it is usually considered inferior to wheat – the foremost feed grain. Kafirin, the dominant protein fraction in sorghum, may be a major contributor to this inferiority due to its negative influence on starch digestion and energy utilisation. Aims The objective of this study was to determine kafirin concentrations in sorghum relative to crude protein and amino acid profiles of both kafirin and total sorghum protein. Methods Concentrations of amino acids and kafirin in 19 Premium Grains for Livestock Program sorghum varieties were quantified. These data were combined with that of up to 14 Poultry Research Foundation sorghum varieties to generate the most exhaustive documentation of its kind. The methodology developed to quantify kafirin concentrations in sorghum is thoroughly described. In addition, essential amino acid profiles in 25 grain sorghums from Australian surveys completed in 1998, 2009 and 2016 were compared statistically. Also, consideration was given to relevant near-infrared spectroscopy predicted data from 992 sorghum varieties from 2014 to 2019. Key results The average kafirin concentration of 48.2 g/kg represented 51.9% of the 92.9 g/kg crude protein (N × 5.81) content in 33 varieties grain sorghum. Kafirin holds a substantial 62.7% share of leucine as the concentration was 8.53 g/kg in kafirin as opposed 13.73 g/kg in total sorghum protein. The proposal was advanced that kafirin contents of local sorghum crops have increased during the past two decades from the 1998, 2009 and 2016 surveys of amino acid profiles in grain sorghum. Conclusions Kafirin concentrations in Australian sorghum crops may have increased over the past two decades, which may be having a negative impact on the performance of broiler chickens offered sorghum-based diets. Implications Breeding programs should be directed towards sorghums with lesser kafirin proportions of sorghum protein and/or modified kafirin protein bodies to enhance the nutritive value of sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production.
Synthesis and Characterization of Three New Emissive Mononuclear CuI Heteroleptic Complexes with Functionalized 6-Cyano-2,2′-bipyridine Chelating Ligands
Authors: Wang Wan-Man , Ju Peng , Jing Man-Hong , Yu Ping , Huang Qin
Published: February 2020

A new series of luminescent mononuclear CuI complexes with functionalized 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine chelating ligands, [Cu(xantphos)(cbpy)]ClO4 (1), [Cu(xantphos)(4,4’-Me2cbpy)]ClO4·CH2Cl2·H2O (2), and [Cu(POP)(cbpy)]ClO4·CH2Cl2 (3) (xantphos=4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-9,9-dimethylxanthene; POP=bis(2-diphenylphosphinophenyl)ether; 4,4’-Me2cbpy=4,4’-dimethyl-6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine; cbpy=6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine) have been successfully prepared, and their structures and photophysical properties are investigated. Single crystal structures of the three complexes reveal a distorted tetrahedral coordination geometry around the CuI centres with the P atoms of diphosphane ligands and N donors of 2,2′-bipyridine ring. Luminescence measurements indicate that these CuI complexes display good emission properties both in the solution and solid states at room temperature, which can be well modulated through modifying the structure of 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine. It is shown that the introduction of two electron-donating methyl groups at the 4,4’-positions of the 6-cyano-2,2′-bipyridine is favourable to enhance the luminescence properties of the CuI complexes.
How and how much?
Authors: Romagnoli Chiara , Conti Sergio
Published: February 2020

Vocabulary plays a crucial role in foreign language learning, and vocabulary mastery proves to be challenging at
different competence levels. Compared to other areas of research into Chinese as a foreign language, vocabulary acquisition and
vocabulary teaching have rarely been investigated. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between vocabulary
learning strategies and vocabulary size and to verify whether vocabulary size is positively correlated to proficiency level. A
total of 95 Italian undergraduate Chinese learners, from elementary to intermediate levels, participated in this study. The
participants were first given a vocabulary learning questionnaire and then a vocabulary size test. Statistical and qualitative
analyses of the data revealed two trends: a poor variety of vocabulary learning strategies and a positive correlation between
vocabulary size and proficiency level.
Insider outside
Authors: Keaveney Paula
Published: February 2020

The All Party Parliamentary Group on Refugees occupies a position outside the official legislative system of the
United Kingdom, but inside a lobbying network. This gives it a unique place in terms of communicating on behalf of refugees and
refugee causes. The Group’s Twitter feed shows that its language is different to that of campaigning organisations outside
Parliament and is constrained by procedure, parliamentary practice and the political reality of a party-based environment. Aimed
at Parliamentarians, the feed is used to support and promote causes and specific policy proposals. It plays a role in reporting
what is going on in Parliament and supports and builds alliances with other organisations inside and outside the system. The
feed’s content follows the primary information-providing objective. It could however make that information of more use to
recipients, by changing the way in which some of that information is presented.
Abstracts from the 2019 Annual Meeting of the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM) in New Delhi, India and a Thank you to the 2019 Peer Reviewers of Substance Abuse
Authors: Gordon Adam J.
Published: February 2020

The journal Substance Abuse has a long history of collaboration with the International Society of Addiction Medicine (ISAM). The journal is thus proud of presenting selected abstracts from the 2019 ISAM Annual Meeting in New Delhi, India. The meeting occurred in November, 2019 with a theme of “Addiction in a Rapidly Changing World.” The meeting was co-sponsored by the World Psychiatric Association, World Association of Social Psychiatry, Indian Psychiatric Society, and the Indian Association for Social Psychiatry. The meeting included symposia, plenary sessions, invited lectures, workshops, and oral and poster scholarly presentations. The journal Substance Abuse has a long history of collaboration with ISAM. ISAM leader and member scholars have authored many works in the journal. The journal continues to be excited to partner with ISAM to present the scholarly work of its members and other international scholars. We look forward to advancing the partnership for years to come.