bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Green Computation Offloading With DRL in Multi‐Access Edge Computing
Authors: Yin Changkui , Mao Yingchi , Chen Meng , Rong Yi , Liu Yinqiu , He Xiaoming
Published: November 2024

In multi‐access edge computing (MEC), computational task offloading of mobile terminals (MT) is expected to provide the green applications with the restriction of energy consumption and service latency. Nevertheless, the diverse statuses of a range of edge servers and mobile terminals, along with the fluctuating offloading routes, present a challenge in the realm of computational task offloading. In order to bolster green applications, we present an innovative computational task offloading model as our initial approach. In particular, the nascent model is constrained by energy consumption and service latency considerations: (1) Smart mobile terminals with computational capabilities could serve as carriers; (2) The diverse computational and communication capacities of edge servers have the potential to enhance the offloading process; (3) The unpredictable routing paths of mobile terminals and edge servers could result in varied information transmissions. We then propose an improved deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm named PS‐DDPG with the prioritized experience replay (PER) and the stochastic weight averaging (SWA) mechanisms based on deep deterministic policy gradients (DDPG) to seek an optimal offloading mode, saving energy consumption. Next, we introduce an enhanced deep reinforcement learning (DRL) algorithm named PS‐DDPG, incorporating the prioritized experience replay (PER) and stochastic weight averaging (SWA) techniques rooted in deep deterministic policy gradients (DDPG). This approach aims to identify an efficient offloading strategy, thereby reducing energy consumption. Fortunately, algorithm is proposed for each MT, which is responsible for making decisions regarding task partition, channel allocation, and power transmission control. Our developed approach achieves the ultimate estimation of observed values and enhances memory via write operations. The replay buffer holds data from previous time slots to upgrade both the actor and critic networks, followed by a buffer reset. Comprehensive experiments validate the superior performance, including stability and convergence, of our algorithm when juxtaposed with prior studies.
Numerical Prediction of Cavitation Erosion Risk Based on a New Erosion Indicator
Authors: Wang Xiaoyu , Ma Junqi , Wang Tian , Sun Qiang
Published: November 2024

Cavitation erosion would degrade the performance of the fluid machinery. To improve the reliability and prolong the life span of fluid machinery, it is necessary to study the mechanism of cavitation erosion and predict the possibility of erosion. Since the erosion power to be measured and calculated is closer to the actual state of cavitation, a new cavitation erosion indicator epp model based on erosion power is proposed, which can reflect the size and region of the erosion generated by cavitation more precisely. Concerning the cases of the axisymmetric nozzle and venturi tube, the prediction of cavitation erosion based on the newly proposed indicator is illustrated. It is found that cavitation erosion mainly occurs near the maximum margin of the cavitation region. This research indicates the possible erosion state of fluid machinery in a cavitation environment and provides a new approach to estimate the state of cavitation erosion.
Forecasting Equity Premium in the Face of Climate Policy Uncertainty
Authors: Ali Hyder , Naz Salma
Published: November 2024

This study examines the role of the US climate policy uncertainty (CPU) index in forecasting the equity premium, employing shrinkage methods such as LASSO and elastic net (ENet) to dynamically select predictors from a dataset spanning April 1987 to December 2022. Alongside CPU, other uncertainty predictors like economic policy uncertainty (EPU), geopolitical risk (GPR), and the volatility index (VIX) are considered to assess their complementary roles in out‐of‐sample (OOS) equity premium forecasting. The results reveal that while CPU alone cannot consistently predict the equity premium, it provides crucial complementary information when combined with other predictors, leading to a statistically significant OOS
of 1.231%. The relationship between CPU and the equity premium is time varying, with a stronger influence observed during periods of economic downturn or heightened uncertainty, as demonstrated by wavelet coherence analysis. This study also identifies CPU's significant impact on industry‐specific returns, particularly in climate‐sensitive sectors, offering valuable insights for investment strategies and risk management in an era of increasing CPU.
Guidelines for anti‐obesity assays in Drosophila melanogaster model
Authors: Ma Wanning , Cao Hui
Published: November 2024

Accumulating evidence showed that obesity leads to severe and various diseases chronically. Although the long list of mechanisms that obesity can harm us is still elongating, more rapid animal models are desired to investigate and illustrate obesity and help us to screen potential treatments. Drosophila melanogaster compared to other commonly used model for in vivo investigations shares many homologous genes and has been used for anti‐obesity research. In this guideline, we summarized the most commonly used assays containing behavioral assays, quantification of body fat, and quantification of glucose, transcriptional activation of genes assays and discussed the future work for anti‐obesity research with D. melanogaster to introduce it as a potential model organism for short‐term anti‐obesity treatment investigations.
Jujube Syrup and Starter YF‐L922 Co‐Fermentation of Yak Yogurt: Effects of Quality Properties, Antioxidative Activities and Structure
Authors: Liang Xiaolin , Ding Bo , Li Songxuan , Zhang Hao , Bai Jialin , Yang Jutian , Gao Dandan , Song Jiajia , Liu Hongna
Published: November 2024

Different percentages of jujube yrup (0%, 3%, 6% and 9%) were incorporated into yak milk and fermented using the fermenting agent YF‐L922. The quality characteristics and antioxidant activity of the resulting yogurt were evaluated at days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. The results indicated that the pH and acidity of the yogurt were not significantly influenced by the varying additions of jujube syrup during storage (p > 0.05). However, the addition of jujube syrup significantly reduced the water‐holding capacity of the yogurt (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the levels of jujube syrup were significantly and positively correlated with both antioxidant activity and free radical scavenging ability (p < 0.05). The live bacterial count of the yogurt decreased significantly by day 28, although the count of live lactic acid bacteria remained above 106 CFU/mL. Notably, yak yogurt with a 3% addition of jujube syrup achieved a favorable sensory score. The incorporation of jujube syrup resulted in a firmer texture and a more porous microstructure, demonstrating a higher degree of syneresis. Additionally, the inclusion of jujube syrup substantially diminished the animalic odor associated with yak milk, improved flavor acceptability and enhanced the antioxidative properties of yak yogurt. Therefore, yak yogurt augmented with jujube syrup represents a novel product with high nutritional value.
Loneliness as a Predictor of Disability in Older Adults: Implications of the UCLA Loneliness Scale Cutoff Score Across Cultural Contexts
Authors: Chiu Ju‐Ling , Wei Lien‐Chung
Published: November 2024

Background

This letter responds to the study by Tomida et al. (2024) that validates the optimal cutoff score for the UCLA Loneliness Scale (UCLA‐LS) to predict disability among older Japanese adults. The study identifies a cutoff score of 44, providing a significant indicator for the early detection of at‐risk individuals.

Objective

To discuss the implications of the identified cutoff score for public health and clinical practice, including its potential for early intervention and cross‐cultural validation.

Methods

This commentary critically analyzes the findings of Tomida et al. (2024) and situates them within the broader literature on loneliness, disability, and aging. It also considers the multifactorial aspects of loneliness and disability in older adults.

Results

The UCLA‐LS cutoff score of 44 serves as a practical benchmark for clinicians, which can be integrated into routine health assessments to identify individuals at risk. We underscore the need for additional research on cross‐cultural validation and mechanisms linking loneliness to disability.

Conclusion

We advocate for incorporating social support measures into standard care for older adults to mitigate the effects of loneliness on disability. This letter suggests future research directions, including exploring the causal pathways between loneliness and disability and developing culturally appropriate interventions.
Recurrence Detection by Hybrid [18F]FDG‐PET in Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Sutter Oliver P. , Maurer Alexander , Stadler Thomas M. , Lanzer Martin , Huellner Martin W. , Broglie Martina A.
Published: November 2024

Background

In the clinical management of advanced stage head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, the use of hybrid [18F]FDG‐PET imaging is well established. However, there is ongoing debate regarding the optimal frequency of hybrid PET scans to be included in follow‐up protocols, particularly if the initial post‐therapeutic scan is negative.

Methods

We conducted a single‐center 10‐year retrospective study involving all patients who underwent hybrid PET scans for the follow‐up of advanced stage head and neck cancer. A total of 285 patients were included.

Results

Out of 199 patients with a negative 3‐month hybrid PET, 15% subsequently developed a recurrence during further follow‐up. Notably, 90% of these recurrences were detected by hybrid PET.

Conclusion

Fifteen percent of patients with a negative 3‐month hybrid PET experienced a recurrence. Given that the majority of recurrences were detected by hybrid PET scans, there is a compelling argument for incorporating regular repetitive scans during follow‐up.
Power dynamics and social enterprises: A case study of an international NGO
Authors: Zarestky Jill , Deer Shannon , Ray Sarah M.
Published: November 2024

Human Resource Development (HRD) scholarship and practice include attention to social justice and human rights, which are critical in international workspaces, including social enterprises. HRD principles could help such organizations better foster intercultural collaboration and respect, while promoting both economic prosperity and social good. The purpose of this qualitative case study is to explore, through a critical national HRD lens, how HRD principles could enhance the operations of an international social enterprise, focused on skills development, capacity building, and empowerment for women entrepreneurs in Ghana. This study highlights the role HRD principles could play in addressing challenges the entrepreneurs faced and in enhancing economic and social development. We apply an integrated critical national HRD framework consisting of three components: (1) global awareness, (2) holistic, socially conscious economic development, and (3) the negotiated power and performance. We find that HRD practices, such as cross‐cultural training and development programs, could mitigate challenges entrepreneurs experienced due to cultural conflict based on language, mismatched expectations regarding production quality, and a lack of predictability or control over workload and compensation. Yet, the work of the nongovernmental organization (NGO) did support their financial independence and stability and work to consider the role of gender in the support women received. Attention to socially conscious economic development as viewed through the critical national HRD can support such organizations as they seek to address women's holistic needs. We offer recommendations for research, policy, and practice to help NGOs minimize sociocultural confusion, develop meaningful programming, and bridge the economic and social missions of the organization.
Pioneering sustainable treatment delivery in childhood leukemia through synchronous telemedicine—A pilot study
Authors: Meryk Andreas , Salvador Christina , Kropshofer Gabriele , Hetzer Benjamin , Rumpold Gerhard , Haid Alexandra , Schneeberger‐Carta Verena , Holzner Bernhard , Crazzolara Roman
Published: November 2024

Cancer care places a heavy economic burden on families and health systems, driven by high treatment costs, lengthy hospital stays, and the necessity for extensive travel to specialized facilities. To address this challenge, an integrated health care network (IHCN) was implemented for maintenance treatment in acute leukemia. The IHCN encompassed outpatient services provided by local physicians and synchronous telemedicine consultation with pediatric oncologists. This study included twenty‐two pediatric patients (eleven [50.0%] females; twenty [90.9%] with B‐ALL and two [9.1%] with AML). The IHCN was offered to all rural patients (n = 17) with a one‐way driving distance more than 30 km, while urban patients (n = 5) received regular cancer care. Throughout the study, rural patients had a total of 510 routine clinical visits, with 367 (72%) conducted through the IHCN. Physical examinations revealed similar frequency of new abnormal findings for urban and rural patients (22.4% vs. 17.8%; p = .31). Laboratory tests indicated no significant difference in the frequency of abnormal values for various parameters between both groups. Similarly, there was no discrepancy of drug modifications or interruption in maintenance therapy between the two settings (p = .85). Moreover, patients' health‐related quality of life remained within the normative range, and user satisfaction with the IHCN was notably high. The implementation of the IHCN resulted in savings of 70,158 km, 950 h of travel, and 12,277 kg CO2 emissions. This pilot study underscores the efficacy of a telemedicine‐based IHCN, ensuring safety, quality of care, cost reduction, and satisfaction for both families and health care providers in pediatric leukemia management.
Profiling the Misfolded Proteome in Human Disease
Authors: Onwudiwe Vivian C. , Genereux Joseph C.
Published: November 2024

Changes in protein homeostasis are broadly implicated in many disease states, including amyloidoses, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and normal aging. Although this relationship has been fruitful for identifying and developing therapeutic strategies, it is challenging to identify which proteins are misfolding. New technologies have recently emerged that enable proteome‐wide interrogation of protein conformation and stability. In this review, we describe these technologies, and how they have been used to identify proteins whose folding changes between disease states. We discuss some of the challenges in this emerging field, and the potential for misfolded protein profiling to provide insight into human disease.
Symmetry Breaking in Inorganic Nanostructures: Chirality vs. Optical Activity or Structural vs. Electronic Effects
Authors: Markovich Gil
Published: November 2024

This essay presents the viewpoint of the author on the topic of chirality and optical activity in nanostructures. It particularly focuses on the interaction of chiral molecules with plasmonic and excitonic nanocrystals and on induction of circular dichroism in such achiral nanocrystals. It discusses recent developments in the shape symmetry breaking of achiral metal nanostructures using photochemical processes induced by asymmetric localized plasmonic hot spots excited through circularly polarized light illumination. Finally, it addresses symmetry breaking in intrinsically chiral inorganic nanocrystals using chiral ligands during their formation, leading to 100 % enantiomeric excess in the nanocrystals of TbPO4⋅H2O. These nanocrystals exhibit an interesting nucleation mechanism, which leads to very high chiral amplification (secondary nucleation).
SDR2Tr‐GAN: A Novel Medical Image Fusion Pipeline Based on GAN With SDR2 Module and Transformer Optimization Strategy
Authors: Cheng Ying , Fang Xianjin , Tang Zhiri , Yu Zekuan , Sun Linlin , Zhu Li
Published: November 2024

In clinical practice, radiologists diagnose brain tumors with the help of different magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and judge the type and grade of brain tumors. It is hard to realize the brain tumor computer‐aided diagnosis system only with a single MRI sequence. However, the existing multiple MRI sequence fusion methods have limitations in the enhancement of tumor details. To improve fusion details of multi‐modality MRI images, a novel conditional generative adversarial fusion network based on three discriminators and a Staggered Dense Residual2 (SDR2) module, named SDR2Tr‐GAN, was proposed in this paper. In the SDR2Tr‐GAN network pipeline, the generator consists of an encoder, decoder, and fusion strategy that can enhance the feature representation. SDR2 module is developed with Res2Net into the encoder to extract multi‐scale features. In addition, a Multi‐Head Spatial/Channel Attention Transformer, as a fusion strategy to strengthen the long‐range dependencies of global context information, is integrated into our pipeline. A Mask‐based constraint as a novel fusion optimization mechanism was designed, focusing on enhancing salient feature details. The Mask‐based constraint utilizes the segmentation mask obtained by the pre‐trained Unet and Ground Truth to optimize the training process. Meanwhile, MI and SSIM loss jointly improve the visual perception of images. Extensive experiments were conducted on the public BraTS2021 dataset. The visual and quantitative results demonstrate that the proposed method can simultaneously enhance both global image quality and local texture details in multi‐modality MRI images. Besides, our SDR2Tr‐GAN outperforms the other state‐of‐the‐art fusion methods regarding subjective and objective evaluation.
Do you really know how to use displays?
Authors: LOHR BENJAMIN F.
Published: November 2024

A fundamental of display use is discussed which is often overlooked or thwarted by non‐essentials. The prime function of display is to provide the means for fast, silent dialogue with a system which incorporates a computer. By means of the dialogue, the operator can then exercise an essential control function. The dialogue may either be simple repetition of closely similar sequences or it may be an iterative process with highly variable sequences.
High resolution cathode ray tubes for the system designer
Authors: WURTZ JIM E.
Published: November 2024

In this day when everybody is talking about solid state devices, it appears that there is one vacuum tube component which is not likely to be replaced for some time. This is the cathode ray tube. It is the prime transducer of information from the intangible electrical medium to human beings and is also widely used for film scanning and recording. The cathode ray tube today is fast, versatile, accurate, and is capable of demonstrating a resolving ability which challenges optical lenses.

The purpose of this paper is to discuss the category of cathode ray tubes which are capable of resolving detail which is beyond that which the human eye can appreciate. This is the class of tubes used primarily for scanning of film or recording on photo sensitive materials.

High resolution gun designs will not be discussed. The major purpose here will be to give the designer who is interested in high‐resolution cathode‐ray tube systems a guide for use in intelligent selection and practical operation of these tubes.
The Relationship Between Mercury Exposure and Membranous Nephropathy: Case Reports and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Zhong Jian‐Yuan , Mo Ya‐Qi , Teng Meng‐Jun , Peng Jian‐Chao , Nong Kang , Aschner Michael , Yang Dan‐Ling , Jiang Yue‐Ming
Published: November 2024

To investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with membranous nephropathy (MN) and the therapeutic efficacy of Sodium Dimercaptosulphonate (DMPS), as well as the relationship between mercury (Hg) exposure and MN, we investigated the clinical manifestations and treatment outcomes of six patients with MN and searched the China National Knowledge Internet (CNKI), PubMed, Web Of Science, and Embase databases for relevant studies on Hg exposure and MN published from the inception of the databases to April 2024. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and Stata 16.0. We found that (1) the clinical symptoms of MN patients were mainly characterized by proteinuria, edema, hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. Comparative analysis before and after DMPS treatment showed a decrease in 24‐h urinary Hg, 24‐h urinary protein, and total cholesterol levels, as well as an increase in serum albumin levels (p < 0.05). (2) Two MN patients received DMPS for sole Hg detoxification treatment, whereas four patients received Hg detoxification combined with hormone therapy, and all patients showed significant improvement in symptoms after treatment. (3) Among the 564 articles, four met the inclusion criteria. The results showed that Hg exposure increased the incidence of MN by 5.74 times (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.57, 12.83). The clinical symptoms of MN patients are mostly manifested as proteinuria, edema, hypoproteinemia, and hyperlipidemia. DMPS Hg detoxification treatment is effective for Hg‐induced MN. Hg exposure can increase the prevalence of MN, therefore making it necessary to take prudent measures to reduce the risk of Hg exposure.
Label‐Free Detection of Breast Phyllodes Tumors Based on Multiphoton Microscopy
Authors: Chen Xi , Jiang Junzhen , Hu Liwen , Su Xiaoli , Zhang Zheng , Zhang Xiong , Zhong Tao , Huang Jianping , Wu Shulian , Liu Lina , Chen Jianxin , Zheng Liqin , Wang Xingfu
Published: November 2024

Phyllodes tumors (PTs) are rare breast stroma neoplasms, and their accurate identification at various stages is essential for personalized patient treatment. In this study, multiphoton microscopy (MPM) with two‐photon excited fluorescence (TPEF) and second harmonic generation (SHG) imaging was used for label‐free detection and differentiation of PTs and normal breast tissue. An automated image processing strategy was developed to quantify changes in collagen fiber morphology within the stroma and boundary of PTs, establishing optical diagnostic characteristics of PTs using MPM. The results demonstrated that MPM could be used for the detection of different stages of PTs, and the morphological alterations in collagen fibers could serve as critical indicators of PT malignancy, offering new insights for the diagnosis and grading of benign, borderline, and malignant PTs. It lays the groundwork for the future application of compact MPM for the rapid detection and diagnosis of PTs.
Accuracy of Point‐Of‐Care Cardiac Ultrasound Performed on Patients Admitted to a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit in Shock
Authors: Chico Suhasini , Connolly Sean , Hossain Jobayer , Levenbrown Yosef
Published: November 2024

Purpose

To assess agreement between a novice pediatric critical care fellow's interpretation of left and right ventricular (LV, RV) function using point‐of‐care ultrasound (POCUS) compared with assessments by pediatric cardiologists and echocardiography.

Methods

Echocardiographic clips (parasternal long axis, parasternal short axis, and apical four‐chamber) and measurements for LV and RV functions (E‐point septal separation, ejection fraction, and tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion) were obtained by PICU fellow in patients 0–18 years old with shock. A pediatric cardiologist reviewed the POCUS images. Agreement between the interpretations by the intensivist, cardiologist, and comprehensive echocardiograms were analyzed using Cohen's kappa.

Results

Thirty‐one patients were included: 22 had comprehensive echocardiograms. The PICU fellow detected LV dysfunction with 100% sensitivity and > 85% specificity compared with the cardiologist's interpretation and formal echocardiography. Substantial agreement (κ = 0.62) was noted between the intensivist and cardiologist for interpretation of LV function and RV size and pressure (κ = 0.72). The intensivist's assessments showed perfect agreement (κ = 1.0) with echocardiography for LV and RV function. POCUS images ranged from 100% adequate in the parasternal long axis, 90% in the parasternal short axis, and 43% in apical four‐chambered views.

Conclusions

A novice PICU fellow could reliably use POCUS to assess the cardiac function in pediatric patients with shock.
Therapeutic effects of pentoxifylline in propionic acid‐induced autism symptoms in rat models: A behavioral, biochemical, and histopathological study
Authors: Erdoğan Mümin Alper , Tunç Kerem Can , Daştan Ali İmran , Tomruk Canberk , Uyanıkgil Yiğit , Erbaş Oytun
Published: November 2024

Objective

The role of propionic acid (PPA) in eliciting behaviors analogous to autism in rat models is a documented phenomenon. This study examines the therapeutic implications of pentoxifylline—an agent traditionally used for peripheral vascular diseases—on these autism‐like behaviors by modulating brain proteins and reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines like tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) in a rat model.

Methods

This research involved 30 male Wistar albino rats, which were divided into three distinct groups: a baseline control set, a PPA‐treated cluster receiving a 250 mg/kg/day dose of PPA via intraperitoneal injection for a span of five days followed by saline orally, and a PPA group administered an oral dose of pentoxifylline at 300 mg/kg/day over 15 days. Subsequent to the treatment phase, euthanasia was carried out for the extraction of brain and blood samples, which were then analyzed for histopathological and biochemical markers.

Results

The pentoxifylline‐treated subjects demonstrated a significant mitigation in the manifestation of autistic‐like behaviors, as assessed through a triad of social interaction tests. A noteworthy decline in TNF‐α levels was observed, alongside a significant rise in the concentration of adenosine triphosphate and nerve growth factor in brain tissue (p < 0.05). Histopathological analysis underscored a reduction in oxidative stress and a significant preservation of neuronal cell types, specifically pyramidal neurons in the hippocampal CA1 and CA3 regions and Purkinje cells in the cerebellum (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Pentoxifylline treatment has been found to effectively reduce the behavioral symptoms associated with autism, as well as biochemical and histopathological disruptions induced by PPA in rat models, highlighting its potential as a neurotherapeutic agent.
Synthesis and Characterization of Thymol Carbon Nanodot Functionalized Silver Nanoparticles (ThCND‐AgNPs) and Evaluation of Their Antiproliferative, Anti‐Invasive, and Apoptotic Effects on OVCAR‐3 Ovarian Cancer Cells
Authors: Seçme Mücahit , İlhan Hasan
Published: November 2024

Ovarian cancer belongs to the category of gynecological malignancies and unfortunately holds the distinction of being the most aggressive among them. It is ranked as the fifth highest cause of cancer‐related deaths in women worldwide. The utilization of metal nanoparticles (NPs) linked with natural herbal molecules in biomedical applications has been on the rise. Thymol carbon nanodot functionalized silver nanoparticles (ThCND‐AgNPs) were synthesized in an original manner and subjected to thorough characterization, including analysis of their size, morphology, and elemental composition. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of the ThCND‐AgNPs on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptotic gene expressions in OVCAR‐3 ovarian cancer cells. The effect of ThCND‐AgNPs on cell viability in OVCAR cells was determined in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner using the XTT method. The effect on the expression changes of apoptotic‐related genes was assessed through the Real‐time PCR method, while the anti‐invasive activity was measured using the matrigel invasion chamber assay. The ThCND‐AgNP molecule exhibited a dose‐ and time‐dependent reduction in cell proliferation in OVCAR‐3 cells. The IC50 values were determined to be 388.53 μg/mL at 24 h and 145.683 μg/mL at 48 h. Furthermore, the molecule was found to reduce cell invasion by 51.12% compared with the control group in OVCAR‐3 cells. In terms of apoptotic‐related genes, Bcl‐2 expression was downregulated, while BAX, CASPASE‐3, ‐8, and ‐9 expressions were unregulated. In conclusion, the obtained data reveal the potential antiproliferative, apoptotic, and anti‐invasive effects of our original ThCND‐AgNP molecule in ovarian cancer. While these results need further confirmation through more detailed experiments, they will provide insights for future studies.
A Narrative Review of the Putative Etiologic Role and Diagnostic Utility of the Cervicovaginal Microbiome in Human Papillomavirus‐Associated Cervical Carcinogenesis
Authors: Logel Margaret , Tope Parker , El‐Zein Mariam , Gonzalez Emmanuel , Franco Eduardo L.
Published: November 2024

The cervicovaginal microbiome (CVM) may contribute to human papillomavirus (HPV)‐associated cervical carcinogenesis. We summarized the literature on the CVM in cervical carcinogenesis by searching Medline, Web of Science, and Embase for articles that sequenced the CVM using metagenomics. Additionally, we identified studies assessing the diagnostic role of the CVM in cervical carcinogenesis by searching PubMed. We performed an environmental scan of Google and Google Scholar to review common CVM characterization techniques. Twenty‐eight records presented or summarized associations between the CVM and HPV acquisition, prevalence, persistence, clearance, and cervical lesions or cancer, while three studies identified bacterial taxa detecting high‐risk HPV prevalence or cervical lesions. The area under the curve ranged from 0.802 to 0.952. 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing and whole metagenome sequencing have sufficient resolution to study the CVM bacteriome. Bacterial communities may have important implications in cervical cancer; however, there is a need for methodological standardization for CVM characterization.
Temperature and Precipitation Extremes Over Borneo Island: An Integrated Climate Risk Assessment
Authors: Hamed Mohammed Magdy , Al‐Sakkaf Ali Salem , Rady Mohammed , Shahid Shamsuddin
Published: November 2024

Global warming has significantly increased the frequency and intensity of extreme events, which have catastrophic consequences for ecosystems and humans. Despite efforts to assess the impact of climate change on the potential risk of Borneo, most research has focused on partial regions, considering short timescales and a limited number of temperature and precipitation extremes indices to quantify the expected climate risks. This study employed a new method of climate risk assessment of Borneo based on the combined changes in various climate parameters. It estimated 23 climate indices at all grid points covering Borneo for three overlapping sub‐periods (1951–1980, 1961–1990, 1991–2020). The modified Mann‐Kendall test was employed to identify grid points exhibiting significant increasing or decreasing trends of each index for each sub‐period. Finally, significant trends of 23 indices were integrated to estimate the potential climate risk indicator (RI) based on the combined changes in various climate parameters for each grid point and sub‐period. Temperature indices showed a clear warming trend across Borneo Island, particularly in the eastern regions, with absolute temperature indices showing an increase of 0.5°C–2.5°C in 1991–2020 compared to the reference period (1951–1980). However, extreme cold temperatures have become less prevalent over the study period. There is a shift from light consecutive rainfall days towards more heavy and short‐duration rainfall events. Therefore, there are indications of intensifying rainfall events over the island's southern half, counterbalanced by drying trends in the northern regions, especially Brunei. The spatial distribution of RI revealed an overall 184% increase in climate risk on the island in recent years (1991–2020) compared to the reference period. The highest rise in RI was in the central east of the island, mostly due to significant increases in rainfall and temperature indices. The findings can inform adaptation initiatives to manage escalating heat and flood risks while guiding additional research to explain further the complex climatic changes occurring in this ecologically and socially vital region.
Targeting online sales through last‐mile delivery platform integration
Authors: Park Kevin H. , Pan Xiaodan , Dresner Martin E.
Published: November 2024

We analyze channel integration between a last‐mile delivery platform and a general merchandise retailer in two distinct stages: (1) platform delivery access (PDA), where the retailer continues to offer standard delivery through its own website but directs customers to the platform's website for new same‐day delivery; and (2) integrated delivery access (IDA), where customers can continue to use same‐day delivery service at the delivery platform website but can purchase products in a single order with both same‐day and standard delivery options at the retailer's website. We perform a quasi‐experiment using consumer spending data from retailer, target, and delivery platform, Shipt. We find that PDA provides positive impacts to the delivery platform through increased sales. IDA, on the other hand, increases the retailer's online channel sales but does not impact the delivery platform's sales. Moreover, we find that the positive effects of PDA on the delivery platform's sales are stronger in markets where online grocery penetration is lower, indicating that the effects were likely driven by increased purchases for groceries. Finally, the positive effect of IDA on the retailer's online channel sales is stronger in markets where the retailer has a greater loyal customer base and online grocery penetration is lower.
Integrated Fertilizers for Sustainable Wheat Production to Improve Food Security—A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Ejigu Demisie , Pushpalatha Raji , Jayaprakash Sajithkumar K , Gangadharan Byju , Himanshu Sushil Kumar , Gopakumar Shivapratap
Published: November 2024

Wheat is a key cereal crop that is substantial to global food security. Fertilizers are crucial in wheat production and significantly impact the yield. This review aims to evaluate the effectiveness of inorganic, organic, and integrated fertilizers in terms of sustainable wheat production and economic and environmental benefits. For this review, we thoroughly examined 133 previous research findings. The results indicate that inorganic fertilizers play a vital role in improving wheat yield. However, continuous use of inorganic fertilizers pollutes the environment, affects beneficial microorganisms in the soil, and increases the emissions of greenhouse gases, consequently decreasing crop yield. Organic fertilizers enhance soil quality, which is critical for crop growth and development. However, a high concentration of methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and carbon dioxide (CO2) are emitted from organic fertilizers, but the CO2 emission rate is less than the sequestration rate. Integrated fertilizers trade off the drawbacks of both inorganic and organic fertilizers. Integrated fertilizers decrease nitrous oxide (N2O) and ammonia (NH3) emissions and carbon loss by 11%–24%, 13%–27%, and 18%, respectively, compared to the sole use of fertilizers. From the review analysis, the highest grain yield (4855 kg ha−1) and net benefit ($2836.66) are achieved by using a combination of 75% organic and 25% inorganic fertilizers at a rate of 120 kg N ha−1. Therefore, this combination is recommended for the users. Furthermore, a site‐specific approach research is needed on integrated fertilizers that simultaneously focus on economic and environmental profits. Also, there must be a policy that supports the farmers in teaching, training, and subsidizing them to adopt integrated fertilizers for sustainable wheat production and improving food security.
Effect of Deuteration on Raman Scattering in Single Crystals of Potassium Alum
Authors: Avakyants L. P. , Skrabatun A. V. , Pyatyshev A. Yu.
Published: November 2024

Raman spectra of KAl(SO4)2·12H2O and KAl(SO4)2·12D2O crystals in the range of 10–4000 cm−1 were experimentally obtained and studied. An increase in the number of sulfate ions, oriented by oxygen atoms towards the K+ ion, was detected upon deuteration of the sample. Low‐intensity Stokes components ν = 2485 cm−1 (ν = 1820 cm−1 for the deuterated crystal) were recorded, which indicates the formation of hydrogen bonds O–H•••SO42− (O–D•••SO42−), where the donors are water molecules of the [Al(H2O)6]3+ complex and the oxygen atoms of the sulfate ion act as acceptors. The decrease in the wavenumbers of internal vibrations of the sulfate ion during deuteration was explained by an increase in the strength of hydrogen bonds. The results obtained indicate the direct influence of deuteration on the degree of initial disordering of sulfate ions and on the stability of the crystal structure of potassium alum.
Advanced Bionic Technology Combining Online Electrochemistry‐Mass Spectrometry and Offline Electrochemistry‐Liquid Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry for Simulating and Characterizing Metabolic Processes of Bioactive phenolic acids in Natural Products
Authors: Du Kunze , Yang Man , Ma Wentao , Liu Tianyu , Sun Huihui , Huang Tengteng , Li Jin , Chang Yanxu
Published: November 2024

The metabolism research of bioactive phenolic acids  widely found in natural products is of great significance for elucidating pharmacologic mechanisms and screening lead compounds. However, it is time‐consuming and vulnerable to interference to conduct the traditional metabolism approach by applying organisms or biomaterials. Herein, a bionic technology was established by combining online electrochemistry‐mass spectrometry (EC‐MS) with offline electrochemistry‐liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry (EC‐LC‐MS) to investigate the oxidative transformation and metabolic processes of the active phenolic acids (including salvianolic acid A, caffeic acid, 3, 5‐O‐dicaffeoylquinic acid, ferulic acid, salvianic acid A, and protocatechuic acid). Phase I metabolism of the phenolic acids were simulated by applying a three‐electrode controlled potential electrochemical reactor with a boron‐doped diamond electrode, with glutathione mixed into the oxidative products simultaneously for obtaining the phase II metabolites. Finally, structural characterization of the simulated metabolites of the phenolic acids was achieved successfully, including hydroxylation, methylation, demethylation, decarboxylation, etc. It was revealed that the simulated metabolism process based on an electrochemical system was effective in yielding a wide variety of metabolites for these compounds, which was also compared with the metabolism results applying rat liver microsomes. Consequently, this bionic technology is expected to be a powerful tool to investigate the material basis for the efficacy of active ingredients of natural products.
Cochlear Implantation in Pediatric Cochlear Nerve Deficiency: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis
Authors: Chennareddy Susmita , Liu Kalena H. , Mavrommatis Maria A. , Kao Derek D. , Govindan Aparna , Schwam Zachary G. , Cosetti Maura K.
Published: November 2024

Objective

Cochlear nerve deficiency (CND) is commonly implicated in moderate‐to‐profound pediatric sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Although cochlear implantation (CI) was previously contraindicated in CND patients, recent studies have demonstrated the potential for auditory response to CI in a subset of CND patients, though clinical outcomes remain variable. This study aims to evaluate pre‐ and postoperative speech and auditory outcomes of CI in pediatric patients with bilateral SNHL and radiographically confirmed CND.

Data Sources

Embase and Ovid MEDLINE.

Review Methods

A systematic review was conducted to identify studies reporting pre‐ and postoperative outcomes of children with CND confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging who underwent CI. A random‐effects model was used to account for within‐ and between‐study variance in speech and auditory outcomes.

Results

After abstract screening of 818 distinct articles, 16 studies were selected for final inclusion, consisting of 248 patients with cochlear nerve hypoplasia or aplasia who underwent CI. Various speech perception and language development tests were investigated across studies (Speech Intelligibility Rating, Speech Perception Category, Speech Awareness Thresholds, Meaningful Auditory Integration Scale, Meaningful Use of Speech Scale, Categories of Auditory Performance, and Auditory Level). Pooled outcomes demonstrated improvement in speech perception after CI in pediatric patients with CND (SMD 2.18, 95% CI 1.68–2.69).

Conclusion

Indications for CI are expanding as research demonstrates benefit in populations previously thought inappropriate. Our study demonstrates global postoperative improvement in speech and auditory outcomes in children with bilateral SNHL and CND after CI.

Level of Evidence

NA Laryngoscope, 2024
Causes and treatment of secondary sphenoid sinus infection post‐endoscopic transsphenoidal approach
Authors: Dong Yi , Zhou Bing , Cui Shunjiu , Huang Qian , Sun Yan , Huang Zhenxiao , Ma Jingying , Yang Quanjie , Liang Na
Published: November 2024

Objective

This study analyzed the causes of sphenoid sinus (SS) infection (SSI) following endoscopic transsphenoidal skull base surgery and determined appropriate treatment methods.

Methods

This study included 31 cases of secondary SSI following the endoscopic transsphenoidal approach (ETSA; SSI group) and 246 cases without SSI (non‐SSI group). Data collected included post‐ETSA pathological results, types of artificial skull base reconstruction materials, and SS patency. For the SSI group, data included time from ETSA to symptom onset, endoscopic and imaging findings, intraoperative conditions during the second surgery, and changes in visual analog scale (VAS) scores.

Results

The incidence of secondary SSI was 11.19%. In the SSI group, 26 patients (83.87%) reported headaches, and 24 (77.42%) had stenosis or closure of the SS ostium (SSO). The non‐SSI group reported no symptoms, and 236 patients (95.93%) had well‐opened SSOs. Centripetal hyperosteogeny (CHO) in the SS walls was observed in 20 patients (64.5%) in the SSI group. Absorbable materials were used in five cases (16.13%) and 215 cases (87.40%) in the SSI and non‐SSI groups, respectively, while non‐absorbable materials were used in 24 cases (77.42%) and 20 cases (8.13%), respectively. SSI risk was 9.42 times higher with non‐absorbable synthetic materials. VAS scores for SSI symptoms and Lund–Kennedy scores significantly decreased at 3 and 12 months post‐second surgery.

Conclusion

Secondary SSI after ETSA can cause persistent symptoms. Non‐absorbable synthetic repair materials should be avoided to prevent secondary SSI. Extended sphenoidectomy and removal of artificial materials can lead to rapid resolution of SSI symptoms.

Level of Evidence

4.
Ultra‐Broadband Visible‐DUV Supercontinuum Generation by Non‐Resonant Coherent Raman Scattering in Air
Authors: Fu Yao , Cao Jincheng , Wang Tianbo , Li Helong , Yamanouchi Kaoru , Xu Huailiang
Published: November 2024

To date, supercontinuum light in the visible and near‐infrared ranges is readily realizable by the optical Kerr effect through self‐phase modulation of ultrashort laser pulses in transparent media. However, it is still a challenge to extend the supercontinuum spectrum down to the deep‐ultraviolet (DUV) range, which is particularly needed for exploring ultrafast dynamics in chemistry, materials, and biology. Here, an approach of non‐resonant coherent Raman scattering is developed to generate ultra‐broadband visible‐DUV supercontinuum in ambient air with a spectral range spanning over 250 nm and a wavelength down to 220 nm. A rovibrational coherence is established in air molecules by filamentation of a near‐infrared femtosecond 800 nm pulse and two femtosecond Raman laser pulses at 267 and 400 nm are introduced into the coherent media to induce non‐resonant coherent Stokes and anti‐Stokes Raman scatterings, which serve as the spectral bridges to link the neighboring Raman pump laser spectra, resulting in ultra‐broadband supercontinuum light. The mechanism is further verified by examining the broadening of picosecond N2+ laser lines with narrow bandwidths (10–30 cm−1), which forms a supercontinuum spectrum spanning over 150 nm. The work provides a viable route for the establishment of coherent DUV supercontinuum in the gas media at designed wavelength ranges.
Design and Depolymerization of Bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) Terephthalate‐Containing Polyurethanes for Vat Photopolymerization
Authors: Westover Clarissa C. , Nayyar Garvit , Long Timothy E.
Published: November 2024

Vat photopolymerization (VPP) of highly aromatic polyurethanes (PUs) expands the library of additive manufacturing (AM) materials and enables a vast array of ductile thermoplastics, rigid and flexible thermosets, and elastomers. Aromatic diisocyanates and various diols enable printing of rigid, highly aromatic cross‐linked parts, which offer high glass transition temperatures and tunable thermomechanical performance. The judicious control of molecular weight of the photo‐reactive telechelic oligomers allows for a fundamental study of the influence of cross‐link density in highly aromatic 3D PU printed objects. VPP AM produces objects with high resolution, smooth surface finish, and isotropic mechanical properties. Thermal post‐processing is critical in maintaining excellent thermomechanical properties with semi‐crystallinity as a function of cross‐link density. Due to the presence of two ester carbonyls in the bis(2‐hydroxyethyl) terephthalate chain extender, the printed parts are readily amenable to depolymerization with methanolysis to produce difunctional dimethyl dicarbamates under modest reaction conditions. Dimethyl dicarbamates serve as suitable monomers for subsequent polycondensation.
Chemical and Solvent‐Based Recycling of DGEBA‐Based Epoxy Thermoset and Carbon‐Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composite Utilizing Imine‐Containing Secondary Amine Hardener
Authors: Dağlar Özgün , Türel Tankut , Pantazidis Christos , Tomović Željko
Published: November 2024

Epoxy systems are essential in numerous industrial applications due to their exceptional mechanical properties, thermal stability, and chemical resistance. Yet, recycling epoxy networks and reinforcing materials in epoxy composites remains challenging, raising environmental concerns. The critical challenge is the recovery of well‐defined molecules upon depolymerization. To address these issues, an innovative strategy is developed utilizing imine‐containing secondary amine hardener (M1). The reaction of M1 with DGEBA produced high‐performance epoxy thermoset P1, which exhibits Young's modulus of 2.18 GPa and tensile strength of 63.4 MPa, and excellent stability in neutral aqueous conditions. Upon carbon‐fiber reinforcement, Young's modulus and tensile strength are significantly elevated to 10.99 GPa and 328.3 MPa, respectively. The reactive secondary amine functionalities enabled the tailored network to display a well‐defined growth pattern, yielding only well‐defined molecules and intact carbon fibers upon acidic depolymerization. Consequently, the recycled polymers retained properties identical to those of P1. Notably, it is discovered that despite the cross‐linked nature of the epoxy networks, complete dissolution in dichloromethane facilitated straightforward solvent‐based recycling, allowing the recovery of undamaged carbon fibers and an epoxy thermoset with properties matching the virgin material. Presented novel monomer design and approach showcased two important and efficient recycling options for epoxy systems.