bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A cell wall–localized cytokinin/purine riboside nucleosidase is involved in apoplastic cytokinin metabolism in
Oryza sativa
Authors: Kojima Mikiko , Makita Nobue , Miyata Kazuki , Yoshino Mika , Iwase Akira , Ohashi Miwa , Surjana Alicia , Kudo Toru , Takeda-Kamiya Noriko , Toyooka Kiminori , Miyao Akio , Hirochika Hirohiko , Ando Tsuyu , Shomura Ayahiko , Yano Masahiro , Yamamoto Toshio , Hobo Tokunori , Sakakibara Hitoshi
Published: August 2023

In the final step of cytokinin biosynthesis, the main pathway is the elimination of a ribose-phosphate moiety from the cytokinin nucleotide precursor by phosphoribohydrolase, an enzyme encoded by a gene named LONELY GUY (LOG). This reaction accounts for most of the cytokinin supply needed for regulating plant growth and development. In contrast, the LOG-independent pathway, in which dephosphorylation and deribosylation sequentially occur, is also thought to play a role in cytokinin biosynthesis, but the gene entity and physiological contribution have been elusive. In this study, we profiled the phytohormone content of chromosome segment substitution lines of
Oryza sativa
and searched for genes affecting the endogenous levels of cytokinin ribosides by quantitative trait loci analysis. Our approach identified a gene encoding an enzyme that catalyzes the deribosylation of cytokinin nucleoside precursors and other purine nucleosides. The cytokinin/purine riboside nucleosidase 1 (CPN1) we identified is a cell wall–localized protein. Loss-of-function mutations (
cpn1
) were created by inserting a
Tos17
-retrotransposon that altered the cytokinin composition in seedling shoots and leaf apoplastic fluid. The
cpn1
mutation also abolished cytokinin riboside nucleosidase activity in leaf extracts and attenuated the
trans
-zeatin riboside-responsive expression of cytokinin marker genes. Grain yield of the mutants declined due to altered panicle morphology under field-grown conditions. These results suggest that the cell wall–localized LOG-independent cytokinin activating pathway catalyzed by CPN1 plays a role in cytokinin control of rice growth. Our finding broadens our spatial perspective of the cytokinin metabolic system.
Highly restricted near‐surface permafrost extent during the mid-Pliocene warm period
Authors: Guo Donglin , Wang Huijun , Romanovsky Vladimir E. , Haywood Alan M. , Pepin Nick , Salzmann Ulrich , Sun Jianqi , Yan Qing , Zhang Zhongshi , Li Xiangyu , Otto-Bliesner Bette L. , Feng Ran , Lohmann Gerrit , Stepanek Christian , Abe-Ouchi Ayako , Chan Wing-Le , Peltier W. Richard , Chandan Deepak , von der Heydt Anna S. , Contoux Camille , Chandler Mark A. , Tan Ning , Zhang Qiong , Hunter Stephen J. , Kamae Youichi
Published: August 2023

Accurate understanding of permafrost dynamics is critical for evaluating and mitigating impacts that may arise as permafrost degrades in the future; however, existing projections have large uncertainties. Studies of how permafrost responded historically during Earth’s past warm periods are helpful in exploring potential future permafrost behavior and to evaluate the uncertainty of future permafrost change projections. Here, we combine a surface frost index model with outputs from the second phase of the Pliocene Model Intercomparison Project to simulate the near‐surface (~3 to 4 m depth) permafrost state in the Northern Hemisphere during the mid-Pliocene warm period (mPWP, ~3.264 to 3.025 Ma). This period shares similarities with the projected future climate. Constrained by proxy-based surface air temperature records, our simulations demonstrate that near‐surface permafrost was highly spatially restricted during the mPWP and was 93 ± 3% smaller than the preindustrial extent. Near‐surface permafrost was present only in the eastern Siberian uplands, Canadian high Arctic Archipelago, and northernmost Greenland. The simulations are similar to near‐surface permafrost changes projected for the end of this century under the SSP5-8.5 scenario and provide a perspective on the potential permafrost behavior that may be expected in a warmer world.
Impaired age-associated mitochondrial translation is mitigated by exercise and PGC-1α
Authors: de Smalen Laura M. , Börsch Anastasiya , Leuchtmann Aurel B. , Gill Jonathan F. , Ritz Danilo , Zavolan Mihaela , Handschin Christoph
Published: August 2023

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, can dramatically impinge on quality of life and mortality. While mitochondrial dysfunction and imbalanced proteostasis are recognized as hallmarks of sarcopenia, the regulatory and functional link between these processes is underappreciated and unresolved. We therefore investigated how mitochondrial proteostasis, a crucial process that coordinates the expression of nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded mitochondrial proteins with supercomplex formation and respiratory activity, is affected in skeletal muscle aging. Intriguingly, a robust mitochondrial translation impairment was observed in sarcopenic muscle, which is regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator 1 α (PGC-1α) with the estrogen-related receptor α (ERRα). Exercise, a potent inducer of PGC-1α activity, rectifies age-related reduction in mitochondrial translation, in conjunction with quality control pathways. These results highlight the importance of mitochondrial proteostasis in muscle aging, and elucidate regulatory interactions that underlie the powerful benefits of physical activity in this context.
Influence of topology on the phase transition of a ferromagnetic metal
Authors: Zhang Rui , He Yangkun , Chen Kaiyun , Yang Sen , Sen Siddhartha , Coey J. M. D.
Published: August 2023

The topological ferromagnet CoS
2
exhibits an anhysteretic, weakly first-order transition at the Curie temperature of 119.8 K with a tricritical point µ
0
H
tcp
at 0.034 T. Magnetic symmetry and the mixing of majority and minority spin
e
g
bands at a subband crossing just above the Fermi level produce a topological component of the magnetization that leads to a negative
M
3
term in the Landau free energy. The position of the Fermi level relative to the subband crossing is critical for controlling the order of the transition. Hole doping in Co
0.89
Fe
0.11
S
2
drains the minority-spin
e
g
pocket and results in a normal second-order phase transition. Electron doping in Co
0.94
Ni
0.06
S
2
raises the Fermi level toward the subband gap, producing a strongly first-order transition with 15 K hysteresis. Our results demonstrate a relation between topological electronic structure and thermal hysteresis at the Curie point, which may help in the search for magnetocaloric materials.
AMPK–FOXO–IP3R signaling pathway mediates neurological and developmental defects caused by mitochondrial DNA mutations
Authors: Zhang Hu , Zhu Yunan , Suehiro Yuji , Mitani Shohei , Xue Ding
Published: August 2023

Pathological mutations in human mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) can cause a series of neurological, behavioral, and developmental defects, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are poorly understood. We show here that the energy-sensing adenosine monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway plays a key role in mediating similar defects caused by different mtDNA mutations in
Caenorhabditis elegans
, including loss or reduction of osmotic, chemical and olfactory sensing, locomotion, and associative learning and memory, as well as increased embryonic lethality. mtDNA mutations cause reduced ATP (adenosine triphosphate) levels, activation of
C. elegans
AMPK AAK-2, and nuclear translocation of the FOXO transcription factor DAF-16. Activated DAF-16 up-regulates the expression of inositol triphosphate receptor ITR-1, an endoplasmic reticulum calcium channel, leading to increased basal cytosolic Ca
2+
levels, decreased neuronal responsiveness, compromised synapses, and increased embryonic death. Treatment of mtDNA mutants with vitamin MK-4 restores cellular ATP and cytosolic Ca
2+
levels, improves synaptic development, and suppresses sensory and behavioral defects and embryonic death. Our study provides crucial mechanistic insights into neuronal and developmental defects caused by mtDNA mutations and will improve understanding and treatment of related mitochondrial diseases.
Myo-differentiation reporter screen reveals NF-Y as an activator of PAX3–FOXO1 in rhabdomyosarcoma
Authors: Sroka Martyna W. , Skopelitis Damianos , Vermunt Marit W. , Preall Jonathan B. , El Demerdash Osama , de Almeida Larissa M. N. , Chang Kenneth , Utama Raditya , Gryder Berkley , Caligiuri Giuseppina , Ren Diqiu , Nalbant Benan , Milazzo Joseph P. , Tuveson David A. , Dobin Alexander , Hiebert Scott W. , Stengel Kristy R. , Mantovani Roberto , Khan Javed , Kohli Rahul M. , Shi Junwei , Blobel Gerd A. , Vakoc Christopher R.
Published: August 2023

Recurrent chromosomal rearrangements found in rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) produce the PAX3–FOXO1 fusion protein, which is an oncogenic driver and a dependency in this disease. One important function of PAX3–FOXO1 is to arrest myogenic differentiation, which is linked to the ability of RMS cells to gain an unlimited proliferation potential. Here, we developed a phenotypic screening strategy for identifying factors that collaborate with PAX3–FOXO1 to block myo-differentiation in RMS. Unlike most genes evaluated in our screen, we found that loss of any of the three subunits of the Nuclear Factor Y (NF-Y) complex leads to a myo-differentiation phenotype that resembles the effect of inactivating PAX3–FOXO1. While the transcriptomes of NF-Y- and PAX3–FOXO1-deficient RMS cells bear remarkable similarity to one another, we found that these two transcription factors occupy nonoverlapping sites along the genome: NF-Y preferentially occupies promoters, whereas PAX3–FOXO1 primarily binds to distal enhancers. By integrating multiple functional approaches, we map the
PAX3
promoter as the point of intersection between these two regulators. We show that NF-Y occupies CCAAT motifs present upstream of
PAX3
to function as a transcriptional activator of PAX3–FOXO1 expression in RMS. These findings reveal a critical upstream role of NF-Y in the oncogenic PAX3–FOXO1 pathway, highlighting how a broadly essential transcription factor can perform tumor-specific roles in governing cellular state.
Acetylcholine and noradrenaline enhance foraging optimality in humans
Authors: Doren Nick , Chung Hui-Kuan , Grueschow Marcus , Quednow Boris B. , Hayward-Könnecke Helen , Jetter Alexander , Tobler Philippe N.
Published: August 2023

Foraging theory prescribes when optimal foragers should leave the current option for more rewarding alternatives. Actual foragers often exploit options longer than prescribed by the theory, but it is unclear how this foraging suboptimality arises. We investigated whether the upregulation of cholinergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems increases foraging optimality. In a double-blind, between-subject design, participants (N = 160) received placebo, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonist
nicotine
, a noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
reboxetine
, or a preferential dopamine reuptake inhibitor
methylphenidate
, and played the role of a farmer who collected milk from patches with different yield. Across all groups, participants on average overharvested. While methylphenidate had no effects on this bias, nicotine, and to some extent also reboxetine, significantly reduced deviation from foraging optimality, which resulted in better performance compared to placebo. Concurring with amplified goal-directedness and excluding heuristic explanations, nicotine independently also improved trial initiation and time perception. Our findings elucidate the neurochemical basis of behavioral flexibility and decision optimality and open unique perspectives on psychiatric disorders affecting these functions.
Indentation induces instantaneous nuclear stiffening and unfolding of nuclear envelope wrinkles
Authors: Tang Wentian , Chen Xin , Wang Xian , Zhu Min , Shan Guanqiao , Wang Tiancong , Dou Wenkun , Wang Jintian , Law Junhui , Gong Zheyuan , Hopyan Sevan , Huang Xi , Sun Yu
Published: August 2023

The nuclear envelope (NE) separates genomic DNA from the cytoplasm and regulates transport between the cytosol and the nucleus in eukaryotes. Nuclear stiffening enables the cell nucleus to protect itself from extensive deformation, loss of NE integrity, and genome instability. It is known that the reorganization of actin, lamin, and chromatin can contribute to nuclear stiffening. In this work, we show that structural alteration of NE also contributes to instantaneous nuclear stiffening under indentation. In situ mechanical characterization of cell nuclei in intact cells shows that nuclear stiffening and unfolding of NE wrinkles occur simultaneously at the indentation site. A positive correlation between the initial state of NE wrinkles, the unfolding of NE wrinkles, and the stiffening ratio (stiffness fold-change) is found. Additionally, NE wrinkles unfold throughout the nucleus outside the indentation site. Finite element simulation, which involves the purely passive process of structural unfolding, shows that unfolding of NE wrinkles alone can lead to an increase in nuclear stiffness and a reduction in stress and strain levels. Together, these results provide a perspective on how cell nucleus adapts to mechanical stimuli through structural alteration of the NE.
Compass-like manipulation of electronic nematicity in Sr
3
Ru
2
O
7
Authors: Naritsuka Masahiro , Benedičič Izidor , Rhodes Luke C. , Marques Carolina A. , Trainer Christopher , Li Zhiwei , Komarek Alexander C. , Wahl Peter
Published: August 2023

Electronic nematicity has been found in a wide range of strongly correlated electron materials, resulting in the electronic states having-4.5pc]Please note that the spelling of the following author name(s) in the manuscript differs from the spelling provided in the article metadata: Izidor Benedičič. The spelling provided in the manuscript has been retained; please confirm. a symmetry that is lower than that of the crystal that hosts them. One of the most astonishing examples is

Sr
3

Ru
2

O
7

, in which a small in-plane component of a magnetic field induces significant resistivity anisotropy. The direction of this anisotropy follows the direction of the in-plane field. The microscopic origin of this field-induced nematicity has been a long-standing puzzle, with recent experiments suggesting a field-induced spin density wave driving the anisotropy. Here, we report spectroscopic imaging of a field-controlled anisotropy of the electronic structure at the surface of

Sr
3

Ru
2

O
7

. We track the electronic structure as a function of the direction of the field, revealing a continuous change with the angle. This continuous evolution suggests a mechanism based on spin–orbit coupling resulting in compass-like control of the electronic bands. The anisotropy of the electronic structure persists to temperatures about an order of magnitude higher compared to the bulk, demonstrating novel routes to stabilize such phases over a wider temperature range.
A Hierarchy in Majorana Non-Abelian Tests and Hidden Variable Models
Authors: Qian 钱 Peng 鹏 , Liu 刘 Dong E. 东
Published: August 2023

The recent progress of the Majorana experiments paves a way for the future tests of non-Abelian braiding statistics and topologically protected quantum information processing. However, a deficient design in those tests could be very dangerous and reach false-positive conclusions. A careful theoretical analysis is necessary so as to develop loophole-free tests. We introduce a series of classical hidden variable models to capture certain key properties of Majorana system: non-locality, topologically non-triviality, and quantum interference. Those models could help us to classify the Majorana properties and to set up the boundaries and limitations of Majorana non-Abelian tests: fusion tests, braiding tests and test set with joint measurements. We find a hierarchy among those Majorana tests with increasing experimental complexity.
Multifunctional Composite Material with Efficient Microwave Absorption and Ultra-High Thermal Conductivity
Authors: Wang 王 Yun 云 , Han 韩 Tian-Cheng 天成 , Liang 梁 Di-Fei 迪飞 , Deng 邓 Long-Jiang 龙江
Published: August 2023

The increasing demands for electronic devices to achieve high miniaturization, functional integration, and wide bandwidth will exacerbate the heat generation and electromagnetic interference, which hinders the further development of electronic devices. Therefore, both the issues of microwave absorption and heat dissipation of materials need to be addressed simultaneously. Herein, a multifunctional composite material is proposed by periodic arrangement of copper pillars in a matrix, based on the wave-absorbing material. As a result, the equivalent thermal conductivity of the composite structure is nearly 35 times higher than the wave-absorbing matrix, with the area filling proportion of the thermal conductivity material being 3.14%. Meanwhile, the reflectivity of the composite structure merely changes from −15.05 dB to −13.70 dB. It is proved that the designed composite structure possesses both high thermal conduction and strong microwave absorption. The measured results accord well with the simulation results, which demonstrates that the thermal conductivity of the composite structure can reach more than 10W⋅m−1⋅K−1 without significant deterioration of the absorption performance.
Discrete multi-step phase hologram for high frequency acoustic modulation
Authors: Zhou 周 Meng-Qing 梦晴 , Li 李 Zhao-Xi 照希 , Li 李 Yi 怡 , Wang 王 Ye-Cheng 业成 , Zhang 张 Juan 娟 , Chen 谌 Dong-Dong 东东 , Quan 全 Yi 熠 , Yang 杨 Yin-Tang 银堂 , Fei 费 Chun-Long 春龙
Published: August 2023

Acoustic holograms can recover wavefront stored acoustic field information and produce high-fidelity complex acoustic fields. Benefiting from the huge spatial information that traditional acoustic elements cannot match, acoustic holograms pursue the realization of high-resolution complex acoustic fields and gradually tend to high-frequency ultrasound applications. However, conventional continuous phase holograms are limited by three-dimensional (3D) printing size, and the presence of unavoidable small printing errors makes it difficult to achieve acoustic field reconstruction at high frequency accuracy. Here, we present an optimized discrete multi-step phase hologram. It can ensure the reconstruction quality of image with high robustness, and properly lower the requirement for the 3D printing accuracy. Meanwhile, the concept of reconstruction similarity is proposed to refine a measure of acoustic field quality. In addition, the realized complex acoustic field at 20 MHz promotes the application of acoustic holograms at high frequencies and provides a new way to generate high-fidelity acoustic fields.
The Effect of Immersion Duration of java barb larvae (Barbornymus gonionotus) in the combination of thyroxine hormone and recombinant growth hormone (rGH) on the egg yolk absorption and growth
Authors: Yuniarti T , Hastuti S , Nugroho R A , Siswandha S A
Published: August 2023

Java barb (Tawes) is one of the endemic freshwater fish in Indonesia which has being widely cultivated. The time rearing of Java barb from larva to market size is generally 5-6 months. Egg yolk absorption rate and growth of Java barb fish can be increased by hormonal manipulation using thyroxine hormone and recombinant growth hormone (rGH). The length of immersion time affects the performance of hormones in the fish’s body. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of immersion duration and the best immersion time in a combination of thyroxine and rGH on the egg yolk absorption and the growth of Java barb larvae. This research was conducted on 23 August-1 November 2021 at Laboratorium Pengujian Kesehatan Ikan dan Lingkungan (LPKIL) in Muntilan, Magelang regency. The testing fishes used were early hatched Java barb fish larvae that still had egg yolks. The method used was a completely random design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replications and each was done with a combination of 0.1 mg/l thyroxine hormone and 2.5 mg/l rGH with treatments A (control), B (1 hour immersion time), C (2 hours immersion time) and D (3 hours immersion time). The results showed that the effect of immersion duration in combination of thyroxine and rGH had a significant effect on the rate of egg yolk absorption and the growth of Java barb fish larvae. The best immersion time was treatment D (3 hours immersion duration) which resulted in 4%/hour of the absorption rate of egg yolk absorption rate, 12.53±0.15 mm absolute length growth, 0.047±0.002 g absolute weight growth, 13.82±0.15 % of specific growth rate, and 54.67±4.62 % survival rate.
Characteristics of octopus fishery in Ampana Tojo Una-Una Sea waters
Authors: Noegroho T , Kembaren D D , Nurdin E , Panggabean A S , Taufik M , Fauzi M , Wibowo S
Published: August 2023

Octopus fishing activity have been established in Ampana Waters and surrounding areas since the 1990s. The goal of this research is to examine the octopus fishery in Ampana waters and its surroundings. The research methodology used in this study are CPUE and Length-based assessment which includes some analysis of catch per unit effort, fishing season, size structure, weigh distribution, length-weight relationship, fishing ground, fishing gear operation and specification, and the marketing flow. CPUE ranges from 7–15 kg/units/day, with an average of 11 kg/units/day; the fishing season runs from August to November; mantle length ranges from 8–22 cmML, and the length mode is 14 cmML; male octopus length ranges from 9–19 cmML, while the female ranges from 8–22 cmML; weight ranges from 300–2500 gr, with the male dominant at 800 gr and the female dominant at 1000 gr. Growth patterns for both males and females are negative allometric. Ampana fishermen fished around Tanjung Api, while Pagimana fishermen fished north of Bunta beach. Fishing equipment used included an octopus fishing rod, hook, and arrow, as well as aggregating devices such as gara-gara and a crustacean-like octopus fishing rod. The fishermen sold their catch to the first collector, who then delivered it to octopus middlemen in Ampana, Pagimana, and Luwuk before transporting it to Makassar.
Post-Catch Handling Affects the Quality of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis)
Authors: Litaay C , Opier RDA , Horhoruw SM , Hehuwat J , Arfah H , Rugebregt MJ
Published: August 2023

Skipjack tuna is a fishery product that has important economic value and high nutritional value but is easily damaged and rotten. This study aims to determine the post-catch handling of skipjack tuna, from onboard to the fish landing site. This research was an experimental study with quality test parameters including pH value, sensory analysis, and temperature for 12 hrs from the time on the board until the fish landing centre. The results showed that the post-capture handling of skipjack tuna with the 1:1 and 1:2 cooling methods was on the same good freshness level. Treatment methods ice and fish with a ratio of 1:1 was better than ice and fish with a ratio of 1:2 based on pH value, sensory analysis, and temperature.
Mangrove damage based on canopy density derived on SPOT 6 at Ngurah Rai forest park, Bali
Authors: Anggraini N , Suardana A A M A P , Nandika M R , Ulfa A , Ginting D N B , Adawiah S W , Mukhoriyah  , Dewi E K , Setiawan K T , Marpaung S
Published: August 2023

The Indonesian government has launched a mangrove rehabilitation program of 600,000 ha in 2021-2024. This program needs information about mangrove forest damage obtained quickly and accurately. Remote sensing technology is a solution to the availability of the required speed of information. Mangrove damage information can be obtained from the canopy density derived from the vegetation index. This study aims to detect mangrove damage based on the density level derived from the vegetation index. The data used are SPOT 6 satellite imagery recorded in 2020 with the research location in Ngurah Rai forest park. The vegetation index used is Normalized Different Vegetation Index (NDVI), Green Normalized Different Vegetation Index (GNDVI), and Optimized Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (OSAVI). Field data for validation were collected by the vertical photos that provide information on the percentage of canopy density. Furthermore, the density model was built using linear regression and validation using the coefficient of determination (R2). The results show that the vegetation index positively correlates with canopy density. NDVI and OSAVI have an identical R2 of 0.75, while GNDVI has an R2 of 0.70. Generally, the mangroves in Ngurah Rai forest park are dominated by mangroves in good condition and only 2.81% in some locations in damaged condition.
Ship detection using Google Earth Pro and SAR Sentinel-1 Satellite in Karimunjawa, Indonesia
Authors: Satya Eridhani Dharma , Sabdono Agus , Wijayanti Diah Permata , Helmi Muhammad , Widiaratih Rikha , Satriadi Alfi , Puryajati Ardiansyah Desmont
Published: August 2023

Karimunjawa is one of the tourist icon due to the beauty of its coral reefs. Many tourists visit for snorkeling and diving in Karimunjawa which requires ships for transportation. This study aims to determine the distribution of ships in Karimunjawa before and during the COVID-19 pandemic using the Google Earth Pro satellite and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Sentinel-1. There were 6 islands selected to represent the anchorage level based on the number of tourist arrivals. The results of this study indicate that the Sentinel-1 SAR has high capability in detecting ships by using the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) algorithm method, which was detected with a total of 83 ships on 31st March 2021 in six island representatives. This funding is supported by SAR images that have a high spatial resolution of 5m, moreover, ships are typically constructed from large flat metal sheets and hence are usually radar bright and detectable in SAR imagery. Even though Google Earth Pro has a higher resolution of 30 cm, the ship detection process is identified manually. This study showed the Covid-19 pandemic condition had a significant decreasing effect on the number of ships detected, there was a 41.6% decrease from 2019 to 2020 and a 41.95% decrease from 2020 to 2021 due to the temporary closure of Karimunjawa.
Sensory Value, Proximate Analysis, Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Profile of Steamed and Boiled Blue Swimming Crab (Portunus pelagicus)
Authors: Suhaeli Fahmi A , Agustini Tri Winarni , Jayanto Bogi Budi , Prihantoko Kukuh Eko
Published: August 2023

Whole blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) is usually steamed or boiled before taking the meat for canning. The choice of the cooking process between steaming or boiling can determine the characteristics of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) meat. This study aims to determine and compare the flavor profile of blue swimming crab cooked by steaming and boiling. Whole blue swimming crab were steamed and boiled for 15 minutes at 100°C respectively. The cooked blue swimming crab meat was then tested for yield, sensory value, proximate analysis, amino acid and fatty acid profile. The results showed that the steaming process gave higher yields and sensory value than boiled blue swimming crab.
Antioxidant Activity of Gelatin Hydrolysate from Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Skin by Hydrolysis Using Flavorzyme
Authors: Artwiastia A , Riyadi P H , Anggo A D , Arifin M H
Published: August 2023

Nile tilapia skin is one of the wastes produced by the tilapia fillet industry that contains quite high protein. One form of Nile tilapia skin utilization that is very potential is gelatin, which is known to have bioactive potential when hydrolyzed properly. The choice of Flavorzyme as a hydrolyzing agent is because it can hydrolyze proteins specifically and does not cause damage. The result of gelatin hydrolysis by flavorzyme at 50°C was the gelatin hydrolysate liquid product. The purposes of this research were to determine the effect of different concentrations of Flavorzyme on the antioxidant activity of Nile tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysate and the best enzyme concentration on Nile tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysate. This research method used a completely randomized design with different enzyme concentrations (0%, 0.5%, 1% and 1.5%). The data obtained were tested by normality test, homogeneity test, ANOVA test, and followed by the honest significant different test to find out the real difference in treatment. The results of data analysis showed that the addition of different concentrations of the flavorzyme had a significantly different effect (P<5%) on the degree of hydrolysis, protein content, and DPPH value. The best Nile tilapia skin gelatin hydrolysate was the product with addition of 1% flavorzyme enzyme concentration with a hydrolysis degree value of 51.52±3.66%, protein content of 8.46±0.24%, and an antioxidant activity value of 31.97. ±1.88%.
Optimization of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) Muscle Protein Hydrolysate Using Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Riyadi P H , Romadhon  , Bramantyo L. , Arifin M H
Published: August 2023

Mackerel (Rastrelliger sp.) is a widely distributed epipelagic species in South East Asia. Mackerel has a high amount nutrient such as protein (20.83 %) and fat (1.03 %). The high amount of protein and low amount of fat will allow it to be used as a material to produce a good protein hydrolysate. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal enzymatic hydrolysis conditions (time, temperature, and pH) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Mackerel Protein Hydrolysate (MPH) was prepared using commercial Flavourzyme. Optimization of MPH was performed by employing Box Behnken Design method of RSM. SN-TCA method was used to calculate the degree of hydrolysis (DH) which is the key parameter in hydrolysis reaction. Optimum hydrolysis conditions were obtained at pH 7, temperature 55°C and 60 min of process. Under these conditions the DH obtained was 17.7293 % with 4% enzyme to substrate ratio. The suggested model for the hydrolysis process is quadratic with the desirability factor of 1. The MPH was further assessed for its amino acid composition using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The hydrolysis process increases the amino acid amounts namely L-Glutamic Acid (19.77%), L-Valin (14.20%), L-Aspartic Acid (11.42%), Glycine (11.04%), L-Alanin (14.20%), L-Prolin (16.80%), and L-Histidin (27.06%). The study suggested that mackerel muscle can be considered to be utilized as fish protein hydrolysis materials.
Antibacterial Potential of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Mangrove Rhizophora apiculata Blume Species at Tanjung Api-Api, South Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Rozirwan  , Pratiwi Dania Leonika , Nugroho Redho Yoga , Apri Rezi , Fauziyah  , Putri Wike Ayu Eka , Agussalim Andi , Amin Bintal
Published: August 2023

Endophytics fungi are found in Rhizophora apiculata mangrove. They are known to produce bioactive compounds that act as an antibacterial, which can be a solution for sustainable use without destroying existing resources. This study aims to determine the types of endophytic fungi on the species of R. apiculata as antibacterial. The method used was the isolation and identification of endophytic fungi from the species of R. apiculata and the antibacterial activity test using the Kirby Bauer method. The results obtained three types of fungi from five pure isolates, namely Aspergillus sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp. Three genera of endophytic fungi were found to have antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria. The rate of inhibition against S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from Cladosporium sp. extract respectively were 17.45 ± 1.15 mm and 2.85 ± 0.08 mm, Aspergillus sp. was 14.61 ± 1.07 mm and 2.6 ± 0.20 mm, and Penicillium sp. was 14.11 ± 0.08 mm and 2.7 ± 0.20 mm. These three isolates showed inhibitory activity against both bacteria. However, the level of inhibition was stronger against S. aureus (gram positive) than P. aeruginosa (gram negative), especially by marine Cladosporium extract found in this study.
Physicochemical characteristics of oil palm frond and application of CMF Hydrogel as a natural encapsulant for probiotic
Authors: Pato Usman , Yusmarini  , Riftyan Emma , Rossi Evy , Hidayat Rahmad , Anjani Sandra Fitri , Riadi Nabila , Octaviani Ika Nur , Syahrul Agrina , Syukri Daimon
Published: August 2023

Oil palm solid waste from Indonesia’s large oil palm plantations has enormous potential to meet various human needs. Lb. fermentum InaCC B 1295 (LFB1295) was tested in vitro for viability, acid and bile tolerance, safety assessment, and antioxidant activities as a potential probiotic. The physiochemical characteristics of oil palm frond (OPF) and cellulose microfiber (CMF) were also examined. OPF mainly consisted of carbohydrates, particularly fiber, followed by ash, protein, and fat. The major components of OPF fiber were cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. The crystal index of the cellulose from OPF was 93.4%, according to an X-ray diffraction examination. The vibrations that stretch the cellulose’s -OH group were discovered via FTIR analysis at 3420.05 cm-1. The viability of LFB1295 was maintained at 9.99 log CFU/g by CMF from OPF. The persistence of LFB1295 under bile-containing conditions and at low pH was characterized by a decrease in cell number at 2.03 and 1.56 log CFU/mL, respectively. Based on its ability to repel hydrogen peroxide, neutralize DPPH radicals, and actively neutralize hydroxyl radicals. LFB1295, encapsulated in CMF hydrogel of OPF, has good antioxidant characteristics. This fact is demonstrated by the value of Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, which is 78.43%, and the capacity to scavenge DPPH radicals, which has an inhibition and IC50 of 47.28%. Encapsulated LFB1295 by CMF hydrogel from OPF passed all in vitro safety tests.
Eggs Quality of Japanese Quails Gave Fermented Dragon Fruit Peel (Hylocereus Sp.) Extract in Drinking Water
Authors: Kristina Dewi Gusti A.M. , Wirapartha M. , Umiarti Apni Tristia , Ningsih N.W.A. , Wardani N. P.K.
Published: August 2023

This 10-week study aims to examine the performance and egg quality of Japanese quail given a fermented dragon fruit peel (Hylocereus sp) extract in their drinking water. The research methodology employed was a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatments, each treatment with 4 replications and each replication comprised of 10 quails, total of 200 quails of 6-weeks-old. R0 = drinking water without dragon fruit peel extract; R1 = drinking water containing 2% dragon fruit peel extract; R2 = drinking water containing 3% fermented dragon fruit peel extract; and R3 = drinking water containing 4% dragon fruit peel extract. The factors measured were eggs quality of Japanese quail. The findings of the investigation showed that treatment R1, R2 and R3 enhanced eggs quality (eggs weight % HDP, and eggs yolk colour) significantly (P<0,05) than R0. It may be stated that treatment of 2%,3% and 4% of fermented dragon fruit peel extract in drinking water increased eggs quality ( eggs weight, %HDP, eggs yolk colour) of the quail 6-16 week.
Observation of organoleptic of fresh ground chilies (chili puree) stored in fish ponds compared to refrigerator storage.
Authors: Syukri Daimon , Rini  , Makky Muhammad , Jaswandi  , Azima Fauzan , Aisman  , Arlius Feri
Published: August 2023

Storage of fresh ground chilies using fish ponds has been found as a new storage technique and is expected to be an environmentally friendly alternative. In this study, organoleptic changes were observed in fresh ground chilies stored in fish ponds. This study aims to observe changes in organoleptic characteristics of fresh ground chili stored in fish pond so as to obtain more valid data on the utility of fish ponds as food product storage containers. Fresh ground chilies are stored in low density poleethylene plastic and then stored I n a fishpond. Changes in organoleptic characteristics of the ground chili stored in the pond were observed periodically for nine weeks. Storing ground chili using a refrigerator was used as a control. As a result, it is known that the panelists did not feel any difference in the organoleptic characteristics of fresh ground chilies stored in fish ponds and fresh ground chilies stored in the refrigerator. In appearance, the two storage conditions were equally able to maintain the organoleptic characteristics of the fresh ground chilies as well as the physical and chemical characteristics of the fresh ground chilies.
Application of coating-konjac to maintain the quality of Kintamani Siamese oranges during storage
Authors: Suriati Luh , Gede Pasek Mangku I
Published: August 2023

Siam Kintamani oranges are very popular nowadays. Its bioactive compounds such as phenolics, carotenoids, vitamins, minerals, and fiber are very beneficial for health. The weakness of Siamese Kintamani oranges is that the quality quickly declines. The quality of Siam Kintamani oranges can be maintained by applying coating. Nanocoating applications from natural materials are currently needed to reduce coatings from synthetic materials. This can support a green economy while significantly reducing the risk of environmental damage. The natural material that has the potential as a coating is konjac tubers because they contain glucomannan polysaccharides and other bioactive compounds. The reason of this examine become to decide the effect of coating- konjac to maintain the quality of Siam Kintamani oranges. The study began with the preparation of konjac flour as the main material for coating and application of coating- konjac on the surface of the Kintamani Siamese orange. This study used a one-factor completely randomized design, namely storage time (0, 5, 10, and 15 days), and five replications. The variables observed were weight loss, colour, number of damaged fruits, texture, water content, acidity, vitamin C and total dissolved solids. The results of the coating-konjac application research show that the storage time affects the characteristics of Siamese Kintamani orange. Siamese Kintamani orange experienced a significant decline in quality on day 10 with the criteria for acidity 4.34, water content 88.04%, color 70.36%, weight loss 13.86%, vitamin C 69 g/100g, texture 26.14 N and total plate count 5.06 log.cfu/g.
The Rice Bran-based Traditional Foods: Study of Existence, Antioxidant Activity, and Consumer Preference
Authors: Hartati Sri , Khusnah Yufrida Khotimatul , Intan Niken Tari A. , Catur Budi H
Published: August 2023

Rice bran is a by-product of milling rice from rice processing. Rice bran-based food is known to have been consumed since ancient times, especially in Central Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to investigate the existence and antioxidant activity of rice bran-based traditional foods and the consumer preferences for traditional bran-based foods by the younger generation. This study was carried out with several stages, including a literature study, existence test, antioxidant activity test, and preference test. The data collection technique in the existence test was conducted with the survey using observation and interviews. The antioxidant activity was tested using DPPH analysis. The preference test was conducted using the hedonic test. The results show that rice bran-based traditional foods in traditional markets still exist with the discovery of three traditional markets: Telukan market, Bekonang market, and Gawok market in Sukoharjo district, Central Java. The antioxidant activity of the three-rice bran-based traditional foods is relatively high. However, the consumer preference from the younger generation could be higher, with an average score below moderate regarding color, taste, aroma, and overall. Therefore, the future innovation and development of rice bran-based traditional foods.
Whole Tilapia Fish Balls: Texture, Calcium, and Phosphorus
Authors: Faridah Anni , Utami Riski Gusri , Rosel Ruhul Fitri , Zhari Mohd Salehuddin Mohd
Published: August 2023

Indonesian love beef meatballs. However, beef meatballs have a high saturated fat content and are expensive. Tilapia fish can replace meatballs’ primary protein source. However, tilapia has a low fillet yield of 20-30%, producing 65-89% waste. The use of whole tilapia in the production of fish balls can increase the benefits of calcium- and phosphorus-rich fish by-products. Osteoporosis-prone individuals need calcium and phosphorus-rich foods. Notwithstanding, our preliminary research showed whole tilapia fish balls have a low texture; thus, adding a gelling agent (carrageenan) is necessary. Carrageenan has not been examined in whole tilapia fish balls. This study aimed to analyse whole tilapia fish balls’ sensory and nutritional qualities with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% carrageenan. The study used Complete Randomized Designs (CRD) with three repetitions. ANOVA and Duncan’s test were used to analyse sensory data. The results showed that more carrageenan improved the texture of the whole fish balls. Therefore, it is recommended to use 5% carrageenan to make whole tilapia fish balls chewy and dense. The ash, fat, protein, calcium, and phosphorus content of whole tilapia fish balls were higher than that of tilapia fillet fish balls, but the water content and carbohydrates were lower. Adding 5% carrageenan enhanced the water content, ash, protein, calcium, and phosphorus, reducing the carbohydrate for both whole and fillet tilapia balls. Whole tilapia fish balls had ± 9 times more calcium than fillet balls (417.23 mg/100 gr) and ± 32 times more phosphorus (231.22 mg/100 gr). The calcium and phosphorus content of whole tilapia fish balls is roughly equal to the daily recommended value of 2:1. This study suggests that by eating 250-350 grams daily, people prone to osteoporosis can meet their calcium and phosphorus levels needs.
Accessibility of Goat Feed Sources in Mutiara Pidie District
Authors: Yusriani Y , Usrina N , Fitriawaty F , Allaily A , Hayanti S Y , Sabri M , Adriani R , Qamariyah N , Nurdin S , Surya S , Ferayanti F , Idawanni I
Published: August 2023

This study aims to determine the ease or difficulty of obtaining animal feed for goat breeders. The study was conducted between January and December 2021 in Baro Yaman Village, Mutiara District, Pidie Regency, Aceh Province. The method of intentionally sampling breeders (purposive sampling) is a method of taking with a specific purpose, considering that the farmer sample contains the necessary information for the researcher’s study. Respondents were thirty-five (35) breeders with ownership of two to three goats and at least two years of experience in livestock husbandry. Accessibility to the observed feed sources depended on the feed’s origin, the distance to the feed source and travel time, the feed purchase, labor availability, and the time required to search for feed. The research findings are described in detail. The results indicated that the average of the five observed variables, namely the origin of feed, distance and travel time, availability of labor, and time to search for and purchase feed, received a score of 0.78; 0.45; 0.97; 0.95; and 0.86, with a total score of 4.00, which is classified as simple criteria. The study concludes that goat feed sources in the Mutiara District are easily accessible.
Identification of Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) in Cosmetic Hair Dye Preparations by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography – Photo Diode Array
Authors: Ananda Shilvira , Lubis Amalia Putri , Zainul Rahadian
Published: August 2023

Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a prohibited component in cosmetics, particularly in hair color formulations. The purpose of this investigation is to discover the coloring additive Acid Red 73 in cosmetic hair dye formulations. Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is a sulfonated azo dye that is manufactured to be more hazardous than other colors and is damaging to the body. Based on variations in polarity and solubility, Acid Red 73 (CI 27290) is separated from the sample matrix and identified using High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Photo Diode Array (HPLC-PDA). The findings obtained from the tested samples satisfied the criteria since they did not include Acid Red 73 (CI 27290), as indicated by the difference in retention time and wavelength between the sample, the standard solution, and the spiked sample solution on the chromatogram.
Effect of Composition Variation on The Crystal Size and Band Gap of Thin Film Nano Photocatalyst Fe2O3/CuO/MnO2
Authors: Azleen Fahira , Ratnawulan Ratnawulan , Fauzi Ahmad , Rahmadhani Detty , Steven Anthoni , Anisa Khairiyah
Published: August 2023

Commercial activities in the field of laundry services, cause problems in the water environment, hurt air quality, and were dangerous for life. Efforts that are now the leading option for most people are using photocatalyst technology on semiconductor materials. MnO2 semiconductor is used as an auxiliary component for the development of CuO-Fe2O3 photocatalyst to increase the level of degradation of organic contaminants in the environment. This study aimed to determine the crystal size and band gap of Fe2O3/CuO/MnO2 nanocomposite. This type of research is a laboratory experiment, and the characterization tools used include X-Ray Diffraction and Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer. Synthesis of Fe2O3/CuO/MnO2 nanocomposite with various compositions of Fe2O3/CuO/MnO2 respectively, 0.9:2.9:1, 1:3:0.8, 1.1:3.1:0.6, 1, 2:3.2:0.4, and 1.3:3.3:0.2 with the sol-gel method has been successful. Thin layer growth was carried out by the spin coating method with a sintering temperature of 400° C. This research results show that composition variation affects the crystal size and band gap of Fe2O3/CuO/MnO2 nanocomposite. The crystal sizes of the nanocomposites obtained were 25.18 nm, 24.48 nm, 25.55 nm, 23.57 nm, and 27.52 nm. The band gap energy values of the nanocomposites were 1.55 eV, 1.44 eV, 1.44 eV, 1.45 eV, and 1.46 eV.
The Ability of Chitinolytic Bacteria to Control Colletotrichum capsici in Chili Plants
Authors: Yanti Yulmira , Hamid Hasmiandy , Reflin  , Yaherwandi
Published: August 2023

Anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum capsici is one of the important diseases in chili plants that can reduce yields up to 50-100%. Chitinolytic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis AGBE 3.3.BB, B. cereus SLBE1.1. SN and B. toyonensis AGBE1.2.TL were antagonistic to C. capsici. This study aimed to determine the potential of chitinolytic bacteria in controlling C. capsici in chili plants. Three bacterial isolates were formulated using bran as a carrier medium. The research was divided into four stages: antagonist test, viability test, ability test of biological agents to control C. capsici and plant growth. This study showed that the severity of anthracnose in the bacterial formulation of B. thuringiensis strain AGBE 3.3 BB was lower, which was 64.3% compared to the control. Tests showed that the formulation of B. cereus SLBE1.1. SN, formulation B. toyonensis strain AGBE1.2TL, formulation B. thuringiensis strain AGBE 3.3 BB, and the consortium formulation could inhibit C. capsici infection. These results indicate that chitinolytic bacteria’s formulation has the potential to be a biological control agent against C. capsici.