bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Addressing Flow Assurance and Annulus Pressure Management Challenges in HPHT Well
Authors: Mazurenko N. , Riyanto L.
Published: November 2024

HPHT well required open-up after being drilled, completed, and unloaded without impacting topside facilities and existing wells. Flow assurance (i.e., hydrates formation prediction), potential wellhead growth, and annulus management during well open-up required a detailed study. The paper describes a comprehensive approach in HPHT gas well management, involving flow assurance evaluation, backpressure modelling, annulus management plan preparation, and implementation of unified workflow to minimize associated risks and unlock technical potential of HPHT well.

A comprehensive plan was established to address potential backpressure evaluation from HPHT well to existing wells producing from reservoirs with lower formation pressures; flow assurance prediction via hydrates formation modelling; annulus pressure management via nitrogen cushion injection and installation of pressure bleeding lines for respective annuluses; topside management via wellhead growth monitoring during open-up.

Numeric Simulation was carried out to predict potential hydrates formation due to Joule–Thomson effect across the choke and run sensitivity cases for concentrations of hydrate inhibitors and injection rates. Wellhead growth evaluation was carried out via modelling to address risks associated with topside facilities.

Based on hydrates modelling prediction, a 4 bbl of methanol solution was selected for injection at 0.0277 m3/h rate via wellhead to minimize risks associated with hydrates formation due to Joule–Thomson effect across the choke during the early stage of well open-up until pressure drop across the choke reduces and flowline temperature raises. Nitrogen was injected in the Annulus A (at 200 psig) as a cushion and monitored throughout the well bean-up. Maximum allowable and maximum operating pressures were established for Annulus A, B, and C with bleeding lines connected to reduce any potential pressure increase due to thermal expansion. Based on the thermal growth study, the safe limits of minimum 3" and maximum 10" of wellhead growth, were monitored and adhered to safeguard topside facilities and operations. All findings and results of multidisciplinary studies were summarized in a comprehensive well open-up procedure with critical precautions put in place.

As a result, HPHT well open-up successfully commenced in a safe manner, unlocking the well technical potential of 75 MMscfd of gas and 1900 blpd of condensate rate. The success of this pilot is crucial for future HPHT gas well developments with flow assurance and annulus pressure management challenges.

Current approach summarizes the best practices and lessons learned from the successful implementation of hydrates management via methanol injection, backpressure evaluation, and wellhead growth prediction via numerical modelling, and annulus pressure build-up management via nitrogen cushion injection during HPHT gas well start-up that can be applied to future HPHT developments.
Study on the Flow Characteristics of Non-Newtonian Drilling Fluid Through Vibrating Screen Meshes
Authors: Zhang Yang , Han Yongliang , Wu Baokang , Sun Tengfei
Published: November 2024

Composite screens are a critical component of drilling fluid shale shakers, and their performance directly affects the recovery efficiency of drilling fluid. This study focuses on the composite screens of shale shakers and simulates the flow of non-Newtonian drilling fluids through different structures of composite screens to investigate the impact of drilling fluid rheological parameters and screen compositions on screening performance. The research results indicate that the flow velocity of the drilling fluid is the highest while passing through the lower screen, and the turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) is at its maximum in the lower screen area, where energy dissipation is also the greatest. An increase in the rheological parameters of the four-parameter model drilling fluid generally increases the difficulty of passing through the screen, with the flow behavior index and viscosity coefficient having a particularly significant impact on the pressure drop coefficient. Compared with the plain composite screen, the herringbone composite screen and plain patterned composite screen have lower pressure drop coefficients, with the herringbone composite screen demonstrating the best screening performance. These findings provide theoretical references for flow analysis and structural optimization of shale shaker screens in drilling fluid applications.
The zinc finger protein560(ZNF560) functions as a novel oncogenic gene in osteosarcoma
Authors: Dong Xiong , Xu Guanhua , Hong Hongxiang , Zhang Jinlong , Cui Zhiming , Yu ZiLiang
Published: November 2024

Background
Abnormal expression of Zinc finger (ZNF) genes is commonly observed in osteosarcoma (OS), the most prevalent malignant bone tumor in children and teenagers. This project focused on the role of ZNF560 in the progress of OS.
Methods
The published datasets including TCGA-SARC and GSE99671 was utilized to screen out the abnormal expression of ZNF560 and associated gene patterns in sarcoma and OS tissues. Prognosis value of ZNF560 was identified in TCGA-SARC and OS cohorts. In order to manipulate ZNF560 expression in HOS and MG63 osteosarcoma (OS) cells, genetic strategies such as shRNA constructs were utilized. The expression patterns of ZNF560 were analyzed through techniques such as immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and qRT-PCR.
Results
By analyzing data from both the GEO and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases, increased expression of ZNF560 in OS tissues was verified, which was significantly associated with poorer outcomes in osteosarcoma patients both in TCGA-SARC and our own OS cohorts. Additionally, downregulation of ZNF560 resulted in decreased cell viability, fewer colonies, and induced apoptosis of osteosarcoma cells. Moreover, ZNF560 was found to be essential for migration of human osteosarcoma HOS and MG63 cells.
Conclusion
Collectively, these findings suggest that ZNF560 has the potential to serve as a predictive biomarker for osteosarcoma.
First Report of Yambean Mosaic Virus Infection in Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) in Thailand
Authors: Jenjai Khomkrit , Samarakoon Milan C.
Published: November 2024

Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea) plants displaying mottling, vein banding, blistering, and wrinkling symptoms were observed in Chiang Mai province, Thailand, indicating potential potyvirus infection. Three symptomatic leaf samples, immature and mature seed samples, were collected for RNA extraction and tested via RT-PCR using degenerate primers targeting the coat protein (CP) gene of potyviruses. Four samples, excluding mature seeds, tested positive for potyvirus. Mechanical inoculation reproduced symptoms in butterfly pea, senna (Senna occidentalis), and yardlong bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis). Phylogenetic analysis confirmed infection by yambean mosaic virus (YBMV), marking the first report of YBMV in butterfly peas and in Thailand.
Higher spatial resolution is not always better: evaluating satellite-sensed sea surface temperature products for a west Pacific coral reef system
Authors: Lachs Liam , Donner Simon , Edwards Alasdair J. , Golbuu Yimnang , Guest James
Published: November 2024

As marine heatwaves and mass coral bleaching events rise in frequency and severity, there is an increasing need for high-resolution satellite products that accurately predict reef thermal environments over large spatio-temporal scales. Deciding which global sea surface temperature (SST) dataset to use for research or management depends on desired spatial resolution. Here, we evaluate two SST datasets – the lower-resolution CoralTemp v3.1 (0.05° ~5km grid) and the Multiscale Ultra-high Resolution MUR v4.1 (0.01° ~1km grid) – in their ability to predict in situ reef thermal environments (nightly mean and daily maximum) and the severity of past bleaching in Palau, western Pacific Ocean. We expected higher-resolution data to improve prediction accuracy, yet CoralTemp data explained 10% additional variability of in situ temperatures and 70% additional variance in past bleaching. This likely relates to differential data protocols; despite MUR using a higher spatial resolution grid, CoralTemp achieves higher raw satellite observation density in coastal areas by utilising geostationary satellites. MUR SSTs were also consistently more variable. These results reinforce calls to develop more accurate high-resolution SST products for coral reefs. Our paper demonstrates that higher spatial resolution SST data is not necessarily better at predicting in situ thermal environments and local marine heatwave impacts.
CO2 adsorption on a water-resist HKUST-1 by incorporation of Graphene Oxide
Authors: Loera-Serna Sandra , Cortés-Suárez Jonathan , Sanchez-Salas Roque , Ramírez-Rosales D. , Oliver-Tolentino M. , Ramos-Fernández Enrique V.
Published: November 2024

This paper aims to improve the aqueous stability and electrochemical activity of HKUST-1 (or Cu3(BTC)2, BTC = benzene 1,3,5-tricarboxylate; and HKUST from Hong Kong University of Science and Technology) by the incorporation of Graphene Oxide (GO). The synthesis was carried out in two steps; first, CuII ions were pre-adsorbed on the surface of GO, and then the BTC organic linker was added to form the HKUST-1 structure dispersed on GO sheets. Two concentrations of copper were used in the synthesis, 3.57 and 14.27 mmol to obtain the samples: GO@HKUST-1low and GO@HKUST-1high, respectively. N2 adsorption properties of GO@HKUST-1high suggest an increase in surface area compared to HKUST-1 up to 1082.0 m2·g-1. In addition, the CO2 capture of GO@HKUST-1high increased from 5.34 (HKUST-1) to 6.92 mmol·g-1 at 273 K and 100 kPa. This improvement is associated with the dispersion of the HKUST-1 on the GO sheets achieved through the synthesis strategy used, which also increased the surface area, H2O adsorption capacity of the composite material, and electrochemical stability. After the H2O adsorption tests, XRD confirmed that the material was stable under aqueous conditions, showing that the material did not undergo any structural modification.
Gene clusters-based pathway enrichment analysis identifies four pan-cancer subtypes with distinct molecular and clinical features
Authors: Xu Mengli , Ai Hongjing , Wang Danni , Wang Xiaosheng
Published: November 2024

Background
Pathways-based clustering methods have been proposed to explore tumor heterogeneity. However, such methods are currently disadvantageous in that specific pathways need to be explicitly claimed.
Methods
We developed the PathClustNet algorithm, a pathway-based clustering method to identify cancer subtypes. This method first detects gene clusters and identifies overrepresented pathways associated with these gene clusters. Based on the enrichment scores of the pathways, reveals cancer subtypes by clustering analysis. We applied the method to TCGA pan-cancer to identify cancer subtypes.
Results
We identified four pan-cancer subtypes, termed C1, C2, C3 and C4. C1 exhibited high metabolic activity, favourable survival and the lowest TP53 mutation rate. C2 had high immune, developmental, and stromal pathway activities, the lowest tumor purity and intratumor heterogeneity. C3 overexpressed cell cycle and DNA repair pathways were most genomically instable and had the highest TP53 mutation rate. C4 overrepresented neuronal pathways, with the lowest response rate to chemotherapy, and the highest tumor purity and genomic stability. Furthermore, ages showed positive correlations with most pathways but a negative correlation with neuronal pathways. Smoking, Viral infections and alcohol use variously affect neuron, cell cycle, immune, stromal, developmental, and metabolic pathway activities.
Conclusion
The novel PathClustNet clustering algorithm unveils a new classification of pan-cancer based on metabolic, immune, stromal, developmental, cell cycle, and neuronal pathways. These subtypes display different molecular and clinical features to warrant the investigation of precision oncology.
Efficient charge separation in Z-scheme heterojunctions induced by chemical bonding-enhanced internal electric field for promoting photocatalytic conversion of corn stover to C1/C2 gases
Authors: Gao Guoyang , Dai Yuxin , Lin Ying , Qi Houjuan , Huang Zhanhua
Published: November 2024

The direct conversion of corn stover into high value-added C1/C2 gases using photocatalysis is a challenging and prospective endeavor. In this work, a sulfur/oxygen dual-vacancies CdS/Co3O4 (CdS-Sv/Co3O4-Ov) Z-scheme heterojunction was designed for direct raw corn stover powder (RCSP) conversion in a photoreactive system. The internal electric field (IEF) formed in CdS-Sv/Co3O4-Ov can effectively promote the photogenerated charge separation and transfer, and the chemical bond formed at the heterogeneous interface can be used as a channel for the directional migration of photogenerated charges to accelerate the inter-interface charge transfer. Experimental results combined with DFT calculations confirmed the formation of Z-scheme heterojunction and IEF. The results of the photocatalytic RCSP reaction showed that the CO, CH4, C2H6, and C2H4 production rates of the proposed catalytic system were as high as 691.99, 2057.69, 202.93 and 187.29 µmol/g, with the corresponding CH4 selectivity and total hydrocarbon selectivity of 65.53% and 77.96%, respectively. What’s more, we propose a photocatalytic reaction mechanism in which raw biomass undergoes depolymerization and cascading oxidation to high value-added products. This study provides a new idea for high-performance photocatalytic direct conversion of RCSP into high-value-added C1/C2 gases through the rational design of photocatalysts and reaction systems.
Skin regeneration underlies cancer resistance in Acomys
Authors: White Andrew , Donahue Leanne , Hsu Chia-Hsin , Yang Youngeun
Published: November 2024

Cancer and regeneration share common characteristics, including cell dedifferentiation, proliferation, migration, and immune cell activation. These processes proceed, however, during tumorigenesis without the strict control exhibited during regeneration4. Most common in animals without an advanced adaptive immune system, regeneration is not widespread in mammals. The Spiny Mouse (Acomys spp.) is a notable exception, possessing the unique ability to regenerate large wounds in the skin, ear, and other complex organs completely and without the presence of scar tissue. Here, we employ Acomys to test the hypothesis that enhanced mammalian regeneration significantly alters cancer incidence and/or initiation compared to the non-regenerative laboratory mouse (Mus musculus). We found that Acomys has drastically reduced tumor incidence and increased survival following chemical carcinogenesis compared to Mus, despite a prolonged exposure period. Acomys undergoes a regenerative response including widespread cell death and increased epithelial cell proliferation in response to chemical carcinogenesis. During this process, we identify a subset of treatment-dependent Tenascin C (Tnc)-expressing regenerative fibroblasts and Tumor necrosis factor (Tnf) expressing T cells as the likely drivers of regeneration. Finally, we found that Erk phosphorylation, a key molecular mechanism of tissue regeneration in Acomys, is a significant mediator of epidermal cell death following carcinogenesis. These findings establish a new perspective on cancer initiation and the mechanistic link between tissue regeneration and intrinsic cancer resistance.
Hemoadsorption therapy for calcium channel blocker (CCB) overdose at a tertiary-level Intensive care unit in South Africa. A retrospective study
Authors: Omar Shahed , Shukla Varada , Khan Ayesha , Dangor Ziyaad
Published: November 2024

In this retrospective study, we describe the admission frequency, outcomes and management of adult participants with clinically confirmed CCB overdose admitted to the ICU from 2020 to 2022. Of 1719 ICU admissions over the study period, 24 (1,4%) had CCB overdose with a case fatality rate of 12.5% (3/24). Interventions included mechanical ventilation (MV) (71%), vasopressors (92%), high-dose euglycemic therapy (HIET) (71%), calcium (42%), methylene blue (4%) and fluid therapy (100%). Thirteen patients (54%) received hemoadsorption therapy (HA), and eleven received standard care (SoC) based on current guidelines. The HA group had a higher SAPS II score (p=0.002), and a greater total maximal vasopressor dose (p=0.001) compared to SoC. The HA group also had a lower admission mean arterial pressure (MAP), (p=0.014), a greater MAP increase at 48 hours (p=0.044) and a longer ICU length of stay (LOS) (p=0.004) vs. SoC. There was one death in the HA group (7.7%) and two in the SoC group (18.2%). CCB overdose is a life-threatening contributor to toxicology admissions in the ICU. Hemoadsorption therapy may provide a safe and important rescue therapy in cases with refractory shock. Well-designed studies are required to confirm its role in enhancing drug clearance and clinical outcomes.
Using Copulas to Model Random Coefficients in Panel Data Settings
Authors: Zimmer David
Published: November 2024

This paper considers nonlinear panel data models with random intercepts and random slopes. Existing implementations of such models always assume joint normality for random intercepts and slopes. This paper demonstrates that, in certain situations, linking the intercepts and slopes via copula functions potentially offers improved fits and more accurate estimates of treatment effects. To demonstrate, a case study investigates the effect of mental health problems on visits to outpatient departments. Normal-based and copula-based models both find positive effects. But results also show that, at the 85th percentile, a better-fitting copula-based model uncovers an effect more than 30 percent larger than its normal-based counterpart.
JEL Codes: C23; C51; I12
A Cross-sectional Study on Posttraumatic Growth and Influencing Factors among Parents of Premature Infants
Authors: Wang Xingyanan , Xiao Zhitiao , Lv yuanhong , Liu yang
Published: November 2024

Objective
Preterm birth is a significant public health concern that negatively affects parents' mental health. Posttraumatic growth (PTG) is a positive response to trauma that can effectively help parents cope with the stress of preterm birth. However, few studies have investigated PTG among parents with preterm infants. This study aimed to examine the level and influencing factors of PTG among parents with preterm infants and to explore its relationship with social support coping styles.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted among 160 parents of premature infants in a hospital in Shenzhen, China, from May 2022 to August 2022. Parents' demographic information and birth-related characteristics were collected through a self-designed general information questionnaire. PTG was assessed using the Chinese version of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). Social support and coping style were measured using the Social Support Scale(SSS) and the Ways of Coping Questionnaire(WCQ). Pearson correlation analysis was used to investigate the relationship between PTGI and WCQ and SSS .A stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore independent influencing factors of PTG.
Results
The parents had an average PTG score of 66.41 ± 10.37, with 81.11% having a low and medium level of PTG. The total score of coping style of parents of premature infants was (34.28 ± 4.97) points, which was in the middle and upper level; the total score of social support of parents of premature infants was (14.28 ± 4.97) points, which was in the middle level. In addition, older gestational age at birth (B = 2.396, P < 0.001) ,higher Apgar score at 5 minutes at birth (B = 2.117, P = 0.023), positive coping style (B = 0.850, P < 0.001), and higher social support score (B = 1.978, P < 0.001) were associated with higher PTG scores.
Conclusion
Parents of preterm infants have low to medium levels of PTG, indicating much room for improvement. Older gestational age ,higher Apgar score at five minutes at birth, positive coping styles, and high levels of social support were associated with higher PTG levels. Our findings provide helpful guidance for the development of effective and targeted intervention programs to improve parents' PTG and well-being.
Comparative Analysis of S100β Expression on Spinal Cord Tissue of Injured Vs. Uninjured Rat Models (Rattus Norvegicus Sprague-Dawley)
Authors: Nasution Uji Kuatro , Setyono Hanis , Yarsa Kristanto Yuli , Setyawan Novan Adi
Published: November 2024

Background: S100β is a Ca2+-binding protein found in glial astrocytes of the central nervous system. It is known to increase in various pathological conditions, including spinal cord injury (SCI), and is commonly detected in cerebrospinal fluid and serum. However, no study has examined histopathological S100β expression in spinal cord tissue after SCI.
Objective:This study aimed to assess differences in S100β expression in spinal cord tissue of rat (Rattus norvegicus Sprague-Dawley) SCI models compared to uninjured controls.
Method: An experimental post-test only randomized control group design was used. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: control (K), SCI induction with termination at 6 hours (P1), and SCI induction with termination at 12 hours (P2). S100β expression was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and post-hoc Tukey HSD tests.
Results: Significant differences in S100β expression were found among the groups (p = 0.006). Post-hoc analysis showed a significant increase in S100β expression in the P1 group compared to the control group (p = 0.005). No significant differences were observed between the control and P2 groups (p = 0.480) or between P1 and P2 (p = 0.077).
Conclusion: S100β expression increases significantly 6 hours after SCI but decreases by 12 hours, approaching control levels. This suggests that astrocyte activity and cell destruction are most prominent early after injury, with recovery occurring over time.
Biomarkers of inflammatory status in patients with severe obesity before and after bariatric surgery
Authors: Acosta-Mérida María Asunción , Bañolas-Suárez Raquel , Morera-Sánchez Marta , Marchena-Gómez Joaquín
Published: November 2024

Introduction
: Obesity is recognized as a multifactorial chronic disease that has been associated with a chronic inflammatory status.
Objective
To analyze a series of inflammatory parameters in the pre- and postoperative period after bariatric surgery in order to assess the evolution of the inflammatory status before and after surgery.
Method
Observational study that included all patients undergoing bariatric surgery in a university hospital between 2013 and 2023. The variables sex, age, comorbidities, anthropometric parameters, surgical procedure performed, postoperative complications, inflammatory markers neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), were obtained before surgery and after 6 months, 1, 3 and 5 years. Pre- and postoperative changes observed in these variables after bariatric surgery were analyzed.
Results
A final sample of 386 patients was included in the study, 140 (36.3%) men and 246 (63.7%) women, mean age 45.6 years (SD ± 9.6); 218 (56,5%) sleeve gastrectomy and 168 (43,5%) Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Pre-surgery, BMI was statistically significantly related to the inflammatory markers NLR (p = 0.003), PLR (p = 0.041), baseline SIRI (p = 0.010) and baseline SIII (p = 0.003) and preoperative baseline weight was related to NLR (p = 0.003) and baseline SIII (p = 0.003). Postoperatively, the observed differences in weight and BMI were also significantly associated with changes in inflammatory marker levels 3 years later.
Conclusions
In patients with severe obesity, weight and BMI show an important relationship with inflammatory parameters. After bariatric surgery, the weight and BMI loss response are associated with a decrease in inflammatory markers.
A brief report of the status of self-medication with over-the-counter drugs: A pilot cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hatabu Asuka , Tian Yu-Shi , Asano Hiroto , Fukuzawa Kaori , Ikeda Kenji
Published: November 2024

Objective
The extent of the perceived knowledge and use status of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs by Japanese citizens is unclear. This study aims to assess OTC drug use via a pilot cross-sectional survey of visitors to the University Festival.
Results
Of 180 valid answers, the female ratio was 76.1%. 56.1% were 16–19 years old. 70.6% of the respondents used OTC drugs in a recent year, and the top three factors focused on when they chose OTC drugs were price (60.0%), effectiveness (50.0%), and ingredients (43.3%). 97.2% responded that they are aware of the Package Insert (PI), and 52.0% read PI at least before purchasing or using new OTC drugs. 10.0% exhibited online purchasing experiences. 17.2% responded that they were unaware of the expiration dates, and only 43.3% read the information on storage and handling methods from PI. This study revealed a moderate prevalence of proper use of OTC drugs. A relatively low focus on precautions for storage and handling and unawareness of the expiration date may be risky. Due to limitations, the results of this pilot study may not be interpreted generally, and further investigations are needed.
Promoting Voluntary Green Behavior of Employees Through Green Human Resource Management and the Regulatory Role of Ethical Leaders in Vietnamese Manufacturing Enterprises
Authors: My Sang Tang , Quoc Anh Nguyen
Published: November 2024

Concerning the mediating role of attitude towards the environment and the regulatory role of ethical leadership, this study was carried out to examine the influence of GHRM on voluntary green behavior. Using survey data from 340 employees of Vietnamese manufacturing companies, the study's hypothesis testing was done using the path analysis method with the bootstrap technique on SmartPLS. Based on attitudes toward the environment, the study's findings indicate that GHRM has a direct and indirect effect on voluntary green behavior. Furthermore, it has been found that ethical leadership strengthens the previously mentioned indirect relationship. According to the findings, companies can use GHRM practices to encourage environmentally conscious behavior among their workforce, which will improve environmental efficiency and support the long-term growth of their companies.
Predictive value of the FIB-4 index, APRI, ALBI score, and GPR for overall survival in treatment-naïve metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Authors: YILDIRIM Mehmet Serdar , GÜZEL Yunus , CAN Canan , KAPLAN İhsan , ŞENSES Veysi , SOLMAZ İhsan , BAŞGÖZ Bilgin Bahadır , ALAKUŞ Ömer Faruk , KÖMEK Halil
Published: November 2024

Background:
The prevalence of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) is increasing and is linked to poor overall survival (OS). Previous studies have aimed to determine the predictive value of scores and laboratory tests for OS in mCRC patients, but their findings have been inconclusive. In this research, we focused on determining the prognostic significance of the fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) index, the aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to platelet (PLT) ratio index (APRI), the albumin–bilirubin (ALBI) score, and the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase to PLT ratio (GPR) with respect to OS in treatment-naïve mCRC patients.
Methods:
This retrospective study included treatment-naïve mCRC patients. The FIB-4 index, ALBI score, APRI, and GPR were calculated for each participant, and their mortality dates were recorded. The clinical importance of these scores for survival outcomes was evaluated via the Cox regression model, Kaplan–Meier method, and log-rank test.
Results:
The study enrolled 123 untreated mCRC patients. Univariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that sex and AST/PLT and ALT/PLT counts were not associated with OS (p>0.05 for all). However, a higher FIB-4 index (p=0.025), ALBI score (p<0.001), GPR (p<0.001), and AST/ALT ratio (p<0.001) were all associated with poor OS. Additionally, multivariate Cox regression analysis indicated that age (95% CI: 1.009–1.053, p=0.006), ALBI score (95% CI: 1.234–2.983, p=0.004), GPR (95% CI: 1.442–2.701, p<0.001), and AST/ALT (95% CI: 1.193–2.911, p = 0.006) were independent prognostic factors for OS.
Conclusion:
The affordable and easily accessible ALBI score, GPR, and AST/ ALT have prognostic value in untreated patients with mCRC.
What is the predominant etiological factor for Merkel Cell Carcinoma in Turkey: Viral infection or sun exposure?
Authors: Comut Erdem , Bakay Ozge S. Karstarli , Demirkan Nese Calli
Published: November 2024

Background
Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is a rare, aggressive neuroendocrine skin carcinoma. The pathogenesis involves Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) and ultraviolet radiation exposure. Studies on MCC in Turkey are scarce, with essential data on local etiopathogenic and prognostic factors still lacking. We aimed to analyze the clinical and histopathologic features, biomarkers, and to evaluate these findings alongside Turkish literature to infer the etiopathogenesis, prognosis, and possible treatment options for the disease.
Methods
We analyzed the clinicopathologic features of 7 MCC patients diagnosed at the Pathology Department of Pamukkale University between 2003 to 2024 in this retrospective study. Clinical data was retrieved from the hospital’s electronic records. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor specimens stained with hematoxylin-eosin were examined microscopically. MCPyV, Retinoblastoma 1 (RB1), p53, PRAME, PD-L1, and MMR proteins were evaluated immunohistochemically. Research on MCC from Turkey was sourced from Turkish databases (ULAKBIM, Turkiye Atif Dizini, DergiPark, Turk Medline) and international databases (Pubmed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase). The literature review identified original research, case reports, theses, and conference presentations.
Results
The patients in our series, all aged over 50 (mean age 76.1 ± 14.8), predominantly female (F:M = 1.33:1). During a mean follow-up of 16.1 months, 42.9% (3/7) had lymph node metastases, and 57.1% (4/7) showed distant metastases. Perineural invasion was present in all cases with infiltrative growth pattern, and absent in those with nodular growth pattern (p = 0.008). Mitotic rate was significantly higher in cases with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.001; mean: 39/mm² vs. 12/mm²). MCPyV positivity was found to have significant relationship with RB1 expression (p = 0.008). PRAME was positive in 42.9% of the cases (3/7). The total number of MCC cases reported from Turkey was estimated at 227 ± 46, with MCPyV status available in a subset, showing a positivity rate of 70.3%.
Conclusions
Perineural invasion, high mitotic rate, and ulceration could be linked to aggressive features in MCC. The 9% incidence of gluteal localization in Turkish MCC cases, considering its geographical significance, should be evaluated in larger groups. Notably, all MCC cases from Turkey in which microsatellite instability status has been assessed were found to be microsatellite stable.
Treatment of pediatric patients' post-electric burn hand problems using electrophotobiomodulation rather than early excision and grafting
Authors: Elmelegy Nader Gomaa
Published: November 2024

Background
Clinicians and researchers struggle with electrical burns of the hand. To be able to work again after an injury, the patient must have complete hand function and satisfactory cosmetic results.
Material and methods
Since we have a long history of using early excision and grafting and have observed a lot of disadvantages such as graft hypopigmentation, hyperpigmentation, failure of take, and donor site morbidity, we decided to investigate whether electro-photobiomodulation could support our initial clinical findings, shorten hospital stay, and result in better outcomes, particularly in terms of avoiding the need for reconstructive surgery and its associated disadvantages.
Results
A clinical review was performed by three burn therapy experts who were unrelated to this project. utilizing a 4-point scale. Of the 32 hands, 11 (34.4%) reported excellent results, 18 (56.2%) reported good results, 3 (9.4%) reported fair results, and none reported terrible results.
Conclusion
The outcomes of this clinical study demonstrated that Electro-photobiomodulation, which has a more aesthetically pleasing appearance and requires no hospital stay, can take the place of early excision and grafting in the treatment of post-electric charred hands.
Paternalistic Leadership and Counterproductive Work Behavior: Mediating Role of Leader Identification and Moderating Effect of Traditionality in Chinese Generation Z Employees
Authors: Ke Yangjie , Liu Li , Gu Manli
Published: November 2024

This study investigates how paternalistic leadership—authoritarian, benevolent, and moral—affects counterproductive work behaviors among Chinese Generation Z employees. Using social identity theory and Chinese traditional culture as a foundation, we propose a moderated mediation model with leader identification as a mediator and traditionality as a moderator. Data from a multi-time survey of 324 Gen Z employees in China, analysed with Stata 17.0, reveal that benevolent and moral leadership reduce counterproductive behaviors, while authoritarian leadership increases them. Leader identification fully mediates the effects of benevolent and moral leadership and partially mediates the effect of authoritarian leadership. Traditionality negatively moderates the relationship between paternalistic leadership and leader identification, with lower traditionality strengthening this connection. These results highlight the complex dynamics between leadership styles and employee behavior, providing insights for creating productive and harmonious workplaces for Gen Z employees in China.
A Novel Hybrid Multi-Operator Evolutionary Algorithm for Dynamic Distributed Generation Optimization and Optimal Feeder Reconfiguration
Authors: Ali Aamir , Ismael Muhammad , Saand A. S. , Ayaz Munwar , Serwar Ghulam , Siddiqui Rizwan A. , Kondhar Mohsin
Published: November 2024

This study addresses the integration of distributed generations (DG) and network reconfiguration in distribution networks, that has not been thoroughly investigated in prior research. The importance of technical objectives, such as power loss, voltage deviation, and voltage stability index, is emphasized in improving distribution network planning and operation. The study investigates the impact of changing sun irradiation and load demand on the IEEE 33-bus test system. The issue at hand pertains to a mixed integer non-linear configuration, and four distinct research cases have been constructed in order to address and resolve it. Traditional evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are effective for such problems, but the study notes that using a single operator can limit performance. Hence, an innovative approach combines genetic algorithm (GA), differential evolution (DE), and particle swarm optimization (PSO) to tackle multiperiod large-scale DG and network reconfiguration issues. Dealing with infeasible solutions during optimization poses a challenge, so penalty functions are often used in the literature. The penalty function can be limited by the selection of the penalty parameter, however; a large value of this parameter slows down the process, but a smaller value is stuck in infeasible space. Therefore, in the proposed hybrid method representative constraint handling techniques are incorporated to make a trade-off between exploration and exploitation. The simulation results illustrate the capability of the suggested strategy to converge towards the global optimal solution. Furthermore, taking into account the voltage stability index greatly improves the loading capacity as compared to the base situation. The hybrid multi-operator EA suggested in this study demonstrates a nearly global optimal solution for large-scale mixed integer non-linear problems, as evidenced by the comparison of simulation results with existing EAs. Moreover, the results demonstrate a substantial decrease in power loss by over 86%, a significant improvement in voltage deviation by more than 90%, and an increase in load capacity by over 700% through the effective integration of DGs with the VSI as the objective function.
Molecular genetics in familial primary hyperparathyroidism: A study from Northern India
Authors: Qadir Ajaz , Misgar Raiz Ahmad , Chhabra Ankit , Bhat Imtiyaz Ahmad , Bashir Mir Iftikhar , Wani Arshad Iqbal , Wani Munir Ahmad , Malik Ajaz Ahmad
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Familial primary hyperparathyroidism (FPHPT) accounts for about 10% of cases, owing to germline mutations in specific genes. The genetic profile of FPHPT has not been studied in our population. This is most likely the first study in our region to examine the genetic profile to search for any other PHPT-related tumours in these patients.
Methods
This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Endocrinology SKIMS from February 2021 to February 2023, in which 103 patients diagnosed with PHPT were taken. A customised gene panel (CDC 73, MEN 1/2A/4 mutation) using next-generation sequencing (NGS)was performed in 39 patients with strong suspicious of FPHT based on age < 35 years, multiglandular disease, cystic parathyroid adenoma (PA), parathyroid carcinoma (PC), suspicious of MEN 1/2A/4 syndrome. We tried to compare the clinical characteristics of individuals with those of positive and negative genetic tests.
Results
Germline variants were observed in 11/39 (28.2%). 7(17.9%) patients tested positive for MEN 1 mutation while 4(10.2%) patients tested positive for CDC 73 mutation; however, no one tested positive for MEN 2A/4 mutation. 4 patients with MENI syndrome had c.1366-2A > G p? while as 1 had c.247_250del CTGT(p.Ile85SerfsTer33), 1 had c.1763C > T (p.S588L), 1 had c.415 C > T(p.H139Y). Out of 7 who tested positive for MEN 1 mutation, 2 patients had microprolactinomas, 2 had multi-glandular disease, 1 had recurrent disease, 1 had persistent disease, 1 had gastric neuroendocrine tumour. In contrast, out of 4 who tested positive for CDC 73 mutation, 2 had familial PHPT, 1 had multiple uterine fibroids, and 1 had bilateral renal cysts. In the case of patients with CDC 73 mutations, 1 patient had codon 222 CGA (Arg) > TGA, 1 had c.415C > T at codon 139 (R139X), 1 had c.687_688dellAG (p.Arg229Serfs37), other had c76delA (p.Ile26SerfsX11). These were all reported mutations. Age, greater serum calcium, higher ALP and more skeletal involvement were statistically significant characteristics of those who tested positive for the mutation.
Conclusion
The observed prevalence of genetic variants in our population was remarkably higher than in other populations. Recognition of predisposing germline mutations can have significant implications in patient management, such as preventing PC in HPT-JT and optimizing the approach to parathyroidectomy in MEN 1. So, we strongly recommend genetic screening in PHPT patients with high-risk features.
Bidirectional regulatory role of IDO1 in hepatocellular carcinoma：Promotion of Occurrence but Suppression of Progression
Authors: Mo Chan , Hong Min , Liu Yuan , Li Yunjia , Huang Danping , Xiong Dan , Zhang Xiuming
Published: November 2024

Aims To investigate the clinical significance of indoleamine 2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) in the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods In vitro, CCK-8, Key Fluor 488 Click-iT Edu ,wound healing, and Transwell assays were performed to explore the effect of IDO1 on the viability, proliferation, migration and invasion ability of HCC cell line SK-HEP1. In vivo, a subcutaneous xenograft tumor model of nude mice was established by subcutaneously inoculating SK-HEP1 and treated with IDO1 inhibitor epacadostat (EPA) to observe the effect of IDO1 on tumor growth and immune cells infiltration. Multiplex immunohistochemical staining was applied to detect the expression level of IDO1 and the infiltration of DCs in the HCC tissue microarray, including total 96 human HCC samples and 82 samples of matched adjacent normal tissues. Results The in vitro cellular and in vivo animal experiments in this study showed that inhibition of IDO1 expression helped to improve the malignant biological behavior of HCC and enhance the response of immune cells to tumor cells. Results of clinical tissue microarrays showed that compared with poorly differentiated HCC cancer tissues, the expression level of IDO1 in highly differentiated HCC cancer tissues was significantly increased.Meanwhile, compared with corresponding paracancer tissues, the infiltration of mature DCs were significantly reduced in highly differentiated HCC cancer tissues with high expression of IDO1, whereas in poorly differentiated HCC cancer tissues with low expression of IDO1, the infiltration of mature DCs were significantly increased. And IDO1 was highly expressed in HCC cancer tissues with pathological grade I-II, high AFP levels (≥ 200ug/L), HBV-positivie, cirrhosis, distant metastasis and recurrence. Conclusions IDO1 was abnormally expressed in HCC and was related to the degree of differentiation of HCC and the infiltration of immune cells and it might have bidirectional regulatory role in HCC: Promotion of Occurrence but Suppression of Progression.
Investigating the Magnetocaloric Effect of GdGaAl Alloys Using Mean-Field Theory
Authors: Khadhraoui Salha , Kaouach Houda , Zaidi Nadia , Hsini Mohamed
Published: November 2024

In this paper, we investigated the magnetocaloric properties and magnetic parameters of GdGa1 − xAlx (0≤𝑥≤0.5) alloys using mean-field theory. The magnetization, exchange field, and magnetic entropy change are examined to understand how partial substitution of Ga with Al affects these properties. The magnetocaloric effect (MCE) shows promising results, with maximum entropy changes of 3.40, 2.94, and 4.20 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ under 0–2 T change magnetic field for x=0, 0.3, and 0.5, respectively. The temperature-averaged entropy change (𝑇𝐸𝐶) values remain stable across a wide temperature range, making these materials suitable for refrigeration applications. The highest 𝑇𝐸𝐶 of 9.50 J·kg⁻¹·K⁻¹ is observed for the x = 0.5 alloy, indicating enhanced magnetocaloric performance with higher Al content.
AI-Enhanced Data-Driven Approach to Model the Mechanical Behavior of Sustainable Geopolymer Concrete
Authors: Gautam Rajani , Jaiswal Rishav , Yadav Uday Shankar
Published: November 2024

The increasing environmental concerns associated with Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) production have driven research towards alternative, sustainable construction materials. Geopolymer concrete (GPC) has emerged as a promising eco-friendly substitute, offering reduced carbon emissions and improved mechanical properties. However, accurately predicting the compressive strength of GPC remains a complex task due to the numerous variables influencing its performance, such as material properties, mix proportions, and curing conditions. This study develops an interpretable machine learning (ML) model to predict the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, leveraging various ML techniques, including linear regression, decision trees (DT), gradient boosting, support vector regression (SVR), artificial neural networks (ANN), and random forests (RF). To enhance prediction accuracy, a super learner model is employed, integrating these individual techniques. The model's performance is evaluated using metrics such as the coefficient of determination (R²), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), mean square error (MSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). Additionally, SHAP values and sensitivity analysis are conducted to quantify the impact of each input parameter on the predictions, ensuring the model's transparency and reliability. The proposed approach provides a robust framework for accurately forecasting the compressive strength of geopolymer concrete, thereby contributing to the advancement of sustainable construction practices.
Population and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Species Associated with Fusarium Head Blight in a Wheat–Maize Cropping System in Sichuan Province, China
Authors: Sun Xiaofang , Yang Rui , Tang Huimin , Ma Miaomiao , Chen Huabao , Chang Xiaoli , Zhang Min , Gong Guoshu
Published: November 2024

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a serious disease worldwide that leads to substantial economic losses. Wheat‒maize cropping is the dominant system in Sichuan Province, China. However, FHB has become increasingly severe in this system, such that Fusarium rot disease is also becoming a severe threat to maize. To understand the composition and pathogenicity of the Fusarium species associated with FHB, samples of typical symptomatic wheat spikes were collected from wheat‒maize cropping fields in 16 administrative districts of Sichuan Province, and Fusarium perithecia were obtained from both wheat straw and maize stubble. On the basis of morphological and molecular identification, 175 isolates from symptomatic wheat spikes were identified as five Fusarium species: F. asiaticum, F. avenaceum, F. graminearum, F. meridionale and F. proliferatum. Among them, F. asiaticum and F. graminearum were the dominant pathogenic species, with isolation frequencies of 75.43% and 20.57%, respectively. Additionally, 136 single-ascospore isolates from wheat straw or maize stubble were identified as F. asiaticum, F. equiseti, F. graminearum, F. meridionale, F. proliferatum and F. temperatum. Pathogenicity assays revealed that the Fusarium strains from all sources were capable of successfully infecting both wheat and maize. F. graminearum was highly pathogenic to both crops, whereas F. asiaticum appeared to be more strongly pathogenic to wheat than maize. This work will be helpful for understanding the cyclic infection caused by Fusarium species in wheat‒maize cropping systems and provide valuable data for the effective control of Fusarium rot disease in both wheat and maize.
Antenatal Detection of Paediatric Surgical Congenital Abnormalities and its Impact on Maternal Anxiety: A Multicentre Prospective Study in a Middle-Income Country
Authors: Nah Shireen Anne , Singaravel Srihari , Tan Yew Wei , Sanmugam Anand , Tan Wei Sheng , Soh Chai Hoon , Woon Seet Fai , Chandran Bathmavathy
Published: November 2024

Background: In middle-income countries, healthcare systems face unique challenges in ensuring timely antenatal detection of congenital abnormalities that require paediatric surgical intervention. Early detection can significantly improve outcomes, yet resource constraints often limit access to diagnostic technologies. This study evaluates the antenatal detection rate of congenital abnormalities referred to paediatric surgical services in three Malaysian tertiary centres and examines its effect on maternal anxiety.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted at Hospital Raja Permaisuri Bainun (HRPB), Hospital Sultanah Aminah (HSA), and University of Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC) over a 8 month period. Data were collected from mothers of neonates born with congenital abnormalities, and the Spielberg State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) was used to assess maternal anxiety.
Results: A total of 58 patients were recruited. The overall antenatal detection rate for congenital abnormalities was 43.1%, comparable to high-income countries despite resource limitations. Antenatal counselling by paediatric surgeons was rare (6.9%) and showed no significant reduction in maternal anxiety (p = 0.374).
Conclusion: The antenatal detection rates at the three Malaysian centres align with those in more developed nations, underscoring the potential of middle-income healthcare systems to deliver high-quality prenatal care. However, improving access to diagnostic technologies and involving paediatric surgical teams in antenatal counselling could further enhance care.