bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching And Learning Writing Using Teacher’s Written Feedback And Conference
Authors: Irawati Iisrohli
Published: July 2018

The objective of this study is to find out whether there is a significant difference in terms of writing skills improvements between the 8th grade students of SMP N 1 Prambanan Sleman who are given teacher’s written feedback and conference and those who are not in the academic year of 2011/2012. This study involved 71 students from two groups, Class VIII B (35 students) as the experimental group and Class VIII A (36 students) as the control group. The experimental group was given teacher’s written feedback and conference in the writing learning process, whereas the control group was given peer’s feedback. The data were obtained by using two essay writing tests. They were administered to the two groups as the pre-test and post-test. The pre-test was given to both groups before the treatment was given and the post-test was given after the treatment finished. The data of the pre-test and post-test of both groups were analyzed by means of descriptive and inferential statistics. After the data were tested and found to be homogeneous and normal, the hypothesis was tested using the analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The results show that there is a significant difference in the writing ability between the students who are given teacher’s written feedback and conference and those who were not. It can be seen in the result of the hypothesis testing using ANCOVA. The significant value of 0.001 is less than the significance level of 0.05 (0.001 0.05), which means that the data of this study are considered to have a significant difference. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is accepted. It means that the technique of giving teacher’s written feedback and conference significantly improves the students’ writing ability in the English teaching and learning process in SMP N 1 Prambanan Sleman. Keywords : Teaching and Learning Writing; Teacher’s Feedback and Conference; Experimental Research
Students’ Perceptions on a Good Tertiary Foreign Language Teacher
Authors: Tarwiyah Siti
Published: July 2018

This paper investigates students’ perception of tertiary teachers’ attitude, method of teaching and classroom management in the teaching and learning of (professional, pedagogic, social and personality competence) English and Arabic Language at IAIN Walisongo Semarang. This study is designed quantitavely and qualitatively using closed and open-ended questionnaire for collecting data. The subject of this research is the second semester students of the two faculties at IAIN Walisongo who, in that semester, take Arabic or English language course. The subject is chosen because based on 2012 course distribution, English and Arabic are distributed in the first and the second semester. The findings revealed that it is clearly seen that KPI (Islamic Communication Broadcasting) department students have better perception to their English language teachers. Meanwhile, students who have better perception to their Arabic Language Teachers are those from Islamic Counseling Departments (BPI) of Dakwah faculty. Data of Tarbiyah Faculty shows Arabic language teachers are dominating. Arabic language teachers win 0.5 over English language teachers in almost all characteristics. This implies that expected performance of students in English Language is based on the teachers’ attitude, method of teaching the subject and classroom management. Based on the above-findings, recommendations were made.Keywords:Perception ; Tertiary Teachers ; Personality Social and Pedagogic Competence;  English Language;  Teaching/Learning
The Impact of Structural Competence towards Speaking Competence of the Fourth Semester Students of English Department
Authors: Nafi Annury Muhammad
Published: July 2018

This paper tries to define any impact of structural competence towards speaking competence. In this research, the writer used descriptive co-relational method. It was used to describe whether there was an impact between two variables, i.e. structural competence (X) as independent variable and speaking competence (Y) as dependent variable. The subject of study was the fourth semester students of English department of Tarbiyah Faculty IAIN Walisongo Semarang. After the data had been analyzed, it was found that there was significant impact of structural competence especially in appropriateness. It helped students to arrange words into sentences that they utter.  Keywords :Structural Competence; Speaking Competence
The Interlanguage Interference on the Difficulties of Building Question Sentences by the Second Year Students of MA As Soorkaty Salatiga
Authors: Famularsih Sari
Published: July 2018

This study is aimed to elaborate the interlanguage interference of the difficulties which are faced by 40 second year students of MA As Soorkaty Salatiga in academic year of 2004-2005 in building question sentences and the sources of difficulties. The research is conducted by such kind of test. The total number of test are 20 items, consist of 5 yes-no questions, 5 W-H questions, and 10 tag questions which is done in a written essay form. Based on the analysis, the result shows some conclusions. Firstly, the researcher finds the types of difficulties problems are faced by the students in building question mastery, such as: (1) building yes-no question sentences in translation the word “apakah”, that is related with the use of to be. (2) Building interrogative word question sentences in translation the words “apa”, “kapan”, “milik siapa”, etc. That are related with the use of “what”, “when”, “whose”, etc. (3) Completing the tag question sentences with the proper auxiliary based on tense of the sentences. The most difficulties in building question sentences are especially in yes-no question form by using the word “apakah”. In the term of interlanguage, the students’ errors are mostly included in expressing meaning by the words and grammar of the first language. The source of difficulties which have been analyzed are mostly caused by inter lingual and intra lingual transfer. Keywords: Interlanguage;  Question Sentence;  Interlingual Transfer; Intralingual Transfer
Verbs in Turkish Sign Language: A cognitive linguistic approach
Authors: MAKAROĞLU Bahtiyar , ARICA AKKÖK Elif , AKSAN Yeşim
Published: July 2018

Recent studies show that semantic components of event structure are decomposable. In this study, the semantic components of events and event structure constructions will be examined within the framework of Talmy (2000) and Tang & Yang (2007)’s model on sign languages. Our analysis shows that lexical verbs have the same mechanisms with classifier predicates in terms of event structure constructions. Besides, we have determined that semantic components of event structure have an effect on lexicalization which seems to be one of the most important reasons of lexical variations in Turkish Sign Language (TİD).
PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER DALAM KULTUR ISLAM MELAYU (STUDI TERHADAP POLA ASUH ORANG TUA, FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA, DAN PENGARUHNYA TERHADAP RELIGIUSITAS REMAJA PADA SUKU MELAYU PALEMBANG)
Authors: Khodijah Nyayu
Published: July 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pola asuh yang diterapkan orang tua dan religiusitas remaja pada suku melayu Palembang, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif dan kausal korelasional. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa SMA Negeri di Kota Palembang dengan 1.037 sampel. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah kuesioner dan skala psikologi, sedangkan teknik analisis data dilakukan secara kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar orang tua (51,8%) suku melayu Palembang menerapkan pola asuh yang cenderung otoriter. Faktor jenis kelamin anak, usia orang tua, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, status sosial ekonomi, dan latar belakang budaya, tidak mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pola asuh. Sebagian besar remaja (53%) suku melayu Palembang memiliki religiusitas yang rendah. Faktor jenis kelamin dan pola asuh orang tua mempunyai pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap religiusitas remaja, namun faktor usia orang tua, tingkat pendidikan orang tua, status sosial ekonomi, dan latar belakang budaya, tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan. Sedangkan faktor yang paling berpengaruh terhadap religiusitas remaja adalah pola asuh orang tua.
Solusi Perselisihan Konsulat Jenderal dan Kedutaan Besar Amerika Serikat di Indonesia dengan Staf Warga Negara Indonesia
Authors: Fernanda Eunike Giovani , Ana Ida Bagus Oka
Published: July 2018

Indra Taufiq, an Indonesia citizen, a former local staff working for the United States of America Consulate General in Medan, brought an appeal to the Indonesian Supreme Court to the United States of America Consulate General in Medan and its embassy to pay Indra Taufiq’s termination of employement rights. Although the verdict of the cassation was won by Indra Taufiq, the consulate general and the embassy of the United States of America refused to carry out the court's verdict on the grounds of diplomatic immunity. This is a legal issue that should be reviewed in terms of the perspective of international law related to the legal status of diplomatic or consular representation in Indonesia and what should be done Indonesia to protect the rights of Indonesian citizens workers.

Keywords: Diplomatic and Consular Immunity, Dispute, Citizens
Analisis Pasal 43 Undang-Undang Pengadilan Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Kasus Penghilangan Orang secara Paksa Tahun 1997/1998
Authors: Kumarajati Satya
Published: July 2018

This paper examines problems as the result of the absence of statement on the establishment of Human Rights Ad hoc Court in the Human Rights Court Act Number 26 Year 2000. By highlingting the kidnapping of activists in the final days of New Order regime in 1997-1998, as Article 43 of Human Rights Court Act, the power to adjudicate is attached to the Human Rights Court. However, the absence of explicit provisions to the establishment of teh Ad hoc Court of Human Rights whether before or after the preliminary investigation to be made by the Indonesian Commission on Human Rights (Komnas HAM), Attorney General argues that no subsequent measures on the results of the investigation made by Komnas HAM into the process of investigation due to the Ad hoc Court of Human Rights was not established.  The aim of this paper is to provide views on the establishment of the Ad hoc Court of Human Rights by using doctrinal research with statute and case approaces. As this paper shows, it concludes that the Ad hoc Court of Human Rights was established after premilinary investigation and full investigation as proposed by the House of Representatives which is assigned throug Presidential Resolution.

Keywords: Ad hoc Court of Human Rights, Preliminary Investigation, Investigation
New Insights Into the Role of Tissue Eosinophils in the Progression of Colorectal Cancer: A Literature Review
Authors: Saraiva Ana Laura , Carneiro Fátima
Published: July 2018

Introduction: Amongst the inflammatory cells implicated in the immune surveillance of colorectal cancer, a growing body of evidence suggests a role for eosinophils in carcinogenesis. We aimed to review the value of tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia (TATE) in the prognosis of colorectal cancer emphasizing the identification and measurement of tissue-infiltrating eosinophils and their association with the clinicopathological features of the disease.Material and Methods: We used PubMed and Web of Science search engines to retrieve studies that looked at the association between tissue eosinophils and colorectal cancer prognosis.Results: We selected 15 studies for our review. In the majority of the studies, eosinophils were identified in hematoxylin-eosin stained sections and scores were generated for analysis. Most of the studies pointed to tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia as a favourable prognostic marker in colorectal cancer and found an inverse association between eosinophil count and the metastatic potential of these neoplasms. The association between tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia and established prognostic markers of colorectal cancer was assessed in some studies, with inconsistent results. Additionally, tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia decreased with the adenoma-carcinoma progression of colorectal lesions.Discussion: Several mechanisms have been proposed regarding eosinophil chemoatraction to tumour tissues and eosinophil-cancer cell cross-talk, suggesting that eosinophils are actively involved in colorectal cancer progression. Although a scoring system is still lacking, tumour-associated tissue eosinophilia meets the criteria of a convenient histopathological prognosticator in colorectal cancer.Conclusion: Collectively, current evidence associates the presence of eosinophils in the colorectal cancer microenvironment with the modulation of tumour progression. The clinical impact of this finding deserves future research.
EAST VARDAR OPHIOLITES REVISITED: A BRIEF SYNTHESIS OF GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMICAL DATA
Authors: Boev Blažo , Cvetković Vladica , Prelević Dejan , Šarić Kristina , Boev Ivan
Published: July 2018

The study reports and synthesizes the available geological and geochemical data on the East Vardar ophiolites comprising most known occurrences from the South Apuseni Mountains in Romania to the tip of the Chalkidiki Pen-insula in Greece. The summarized geological data suggest that the East Vardar ophiolites are mostly composed of the magmatic sequences, whereas the mantle rocks are very subordinate. The members of the magmatic sequences are characterized by the presence of abundant acid and intermediate volcanic and intrusive rocks. The age of these ophio-lites is paleontologically and radiometrically constrained and these data suggest that the East Vardar ophiolite formed as a short-lived oceanic realm that was emplaced before the uppermost Kimmeridgian. A relatively weak adakitic affinity is shown by intra-ophiolitic acid and intermediate rocks in many East Vardar provinces. It can be taken as evidence that the subduction of the young and hot slab, most likely along the earlier spreading ridge has occurred. A paleo-tectonic reconstruction consisting of four stages is proposed. It involves: a) an early/mid-Jurassic north-northeastward subduction of the West Vardar oceanic plate; b) the formation of a mid-Jurassic volcanic arc and a narrow back-arc oceanic stripe of East Vardar behind it; c) the mid-/Upper Jurassic initiation of East Vardar subduc-tion along the ridge axis, and d) complex and heterogeneous emplacement of the East Vardar ophiolites. So far avail-able data allow for having relatively clear ideas about the origin and evolution of the East Vardar ophiolites. Howev-er, in order to provide better understanding of all aspects of its evolution we need to answer additional questions re-lated to the true structural position of the East Vardar ophiolites slices in Serbia, the exact nature of subduction that caused back-arc spreading (intraoceanic vs subduction under continent?) and the full significance of the adakitic sig-nature shown by rocks in the East Vardar provinces other than Demir Kapija.
Multiproduct Traditional Japanese Cuisine Restaurant Improves Labor Productivity by Changing Cooking Processes According to Service Product Characteristics
Authors: Shimmura Takeshi , Oura Syuichi , Arai Kenji , Fujii Nobutada , Nonaka Tomomi , Takenaka Takeshi , Tanizaki Takashi ,   Ritsumeikan University 1-1-1 Noji-Higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga 532-0025, Japan,   Ganko Food Service Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan,   National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tokyo, Japan,   Graduate School of System Informatics, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan,   Faculty of Engineering, Kindai University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
Published: July 2018

This study introduces three cooking process improvements for a multiproduct traditional Japanese cuisine restaurant to improve labor productivity and to assess relations between offered process changes and service product characteristics. Restaurant productivity is the lowest among service industries because restaurants are labor-intensive. Therefore, the industry is affected by service product characteristics. Combining line and cell cooking systems, batch cooking using partial freezers, and combining built-to-order and built-to-plan cooking are introduced into actual multiproduct traditional Japanese cuisine restaurants to change cooking operations and improve labor productivity. Results show that all cooking process changes reduce work hours. The correlation coefficient between work hour and sales revenue improved by line and cell cooking, but it is degraded by batch cooking and built-to-order and built-to-plan cooking. Line and cell cooking enhance simultaneity and reduce the influence of perishability because the system adopts hourly work hours to fluctuation of hourly sales by changing cooking systems (line/cell). However, the system does not resolve heterogeneity and intangibility difficulties because the system is intended to resolve quantitative difficulties of cooking operation systems. Batch cooking systems reduce the influence of simultaneity and perishability of service products because the method reduces cooking frequency using partial freezers. Furthermore, the system improves heterogeneity because the restaurant can provide head-chef-made dishes even if the chef is not working at the restaurant. However, the system does not resolve difficulties of intangibility because the system is not designed to improve customers’ subjective evaluation for service. Built-to-order and built-to-plan cooking reduce the respective influences of simultaneity, perishability, and heterogeneity of service products to some degree because built to plan teams also practice batch cooking using partial freezers. However, the system does not resolve the difficulty of intangibility because the system is not intended to improve customers’ subjective evaluation for service.
Proposal for a Design Theory of a Database for Skill Learning from the Viewpoint of Service
Authors: Shin Sanggyu , Hashimoto Hiroshi , Mitsuhashi Kaoru , Yokota Sho ,   Advanced Institute of Industrial Technology (AIIT) 1-10-40 Higashiooi, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo 140-0011, Japan,   Polytechnic University, Tokyo, Japan,   Toyo University, Kawagoe, Japan
Published: July 2018

This paper aims at improving the learning efficiency of the skill learning service accompanied by physical movement. Furthermore, in this paper, the authors describe the outlines of a design theory for a skill learning service which can lead to the satisfaction of both learner and instructor. In our proposal, we use a relational database with MongoDB that is an unstructured database, making it possible to incorporate flexibly the demands of the learner and instructor into the database. This enables to deal adaptively with the various requirements of each user and input/output items; thus, it becomes easier to accumulate information on the progress of the learner. By visualizing the results of the analysis, it becomes easier to identify possible improvements to the existing skill-teaching services.
Usability Analysis of Information on Worker’s Hands in Animated Assembly Manuals
Authors: Sugi Masao , Matsumura Ippei , Tamura Yusuke , Arai Tamio , Ota Jun ,   The University of Electro-Communications 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan,   The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
Published: July 2018

This study considered animated manuals among the assembly manuals used in the manufacturing industry, which is one of the important components for enhancing service productivity in the task teaching process. In particular, it focused on information that pertained to the worker’s hands. The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of the inclusion of hand information for assembly workers and to elucidate on the effectiveness of the provision of hand information in assembly manuals. The subjective experimental results from four participants demonstrated that hand information was beneficial either when the presentation of such information was sufficiently easy for users to comprehend or when unstable parts have to be held by the hands.
Эволюционная экология водных животных: концепция, предмет, опыт применения в анализе систем размножения
Authors: Слынько Ю. В.
Published: July 2018

Излагаются основные понятия эволюционной экологии, приводится краткая историография вопроса и предпосылок возникновения данного раздела биологии; даются определения предмета исследования рассматриваемой дисциплины, краткие характеристики объектов изучения, основные концепции и методологические подходы. Указывается, что эволюционная экология ― это раздел эволюционного учения, посвящённый анализу адаптации и эволюции сообществ видов, фаун и биогеоценозов. Подчёркивается, что предметами изучения эволюционной экологии являются виды и популяции, а также сообщества, ценозы и экосистема. Основная идея данной работы сводится к попытке осуществления гносеологического синтеза двух базовых методологических подходов — экосистемного и популяционного. Постулируются два предпочтительных методических подхода в эволюционной экологии: во-первых, генетический, а именно популяционно-генетический, основанный на динамике частот полиморфных генов, молекулярно-генетический, анализирующий динамику частот пар нуклеотидов, и эволюционно-генетический, рассматривающий филогеографию и молекулярную филогению; во-вторых, эпигенетический, позволяющий, в частности, анализировать траектории развития морфологических структур. Постулированы принципиальные характеристики особенностей эволюционной экологии именно водных животных. Предпринята попытка обосновать тот факт, что эволюционная экология водных организмов в целом представляет больший интерес для изучения процессов адаптации и эволюции, нежели таковая наземных. В водной среде все абиотические факторы, тип репродукции и характер изоляции приобретают несколько бо́льшую значимость для эволюции. По основным позициям предмета предоставлены материалы исследований, которые и послужили основой для разработки собственных представлений об эволюционной экологии. Значительное место в работе уделено проблемам эволюционной и экологической значимости межвидовой гибридизации, в частности эффективной коадаптации геномов скрещивающихся видов. Сочетание у отдалённых гибридов разнородных геномов может сообщать эволюции геномов дополнительную и многополярную направленность, что позволяет рассматривать гибриды в качестве живой модели для изучения проблемы согласования работы разных геномов в онтогенезе, особенно в таком его критическом периоде, как раннее развитие. Предполагается, что успешность гибридизации обеспечивается путём формирования генетической программы системного отклика в ответ на структурные преобразования генома. Основным итогом наших изысканий в этой области стало не только обнаружение принципиально новой системы размножения позвоночных животных, но и определение эволюционно-экологических последствий естественной отдалённой гибридизации.
Ocena wiedzy studentów farmacji w zakresie profilaktyki chorób układu krążenia. Część 1. Wiedza w zakresie prewencji pierwotnej
Authors: Sarecka-Hujar Beata , Ostróżka-Cieślik Aneta , Jankowski Andrzej
Published: July 2018

ABSTRAKTWstęp: Do profilaktyki pierwotnej chorób układu krążenia należy promowanie zdrowego trybu życia, przez m.in. stosowanie zdrowej diety, zaprzestanie palenia czy regularne ćwiczenia fizyczne. Choroby układu krążenia (ChUK) są główną przyczyną wysokiej umieralności, przede wszystkim mężczyzn. Są to przewlekłe, wieloczynnikowe choroby, których etiopatogeneza wynika z oddziaływań między czynnikami środowiskowymi a genetycznymi. Celem pracy była ocena wiedzy studentów farmacji Śląskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach (SUM) na temat czynników ryzyka ChUK. Materiały i metody: Do badań metodą sondażu diagnostycznego wykorzystano autorski kwestionariusz ankiety, który wypełniło 156 studentów farmacji SUM (123 kobiety i 33 mężczyzn; średni wiek 23,4 ±1,5 lata). Udział w ankiecie był dobrowolny i anonimowy. Analizę statystyczną przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem programu Statistica 12,0 (StatSoft Inc.). Wyniki: Do najważniejszych czynników ryzyka ChUK wskazanych przez ankietowanych studentów należą: nadwaga/otyłość (90% osób), nadciśnienie tętnicze (87%), stres (75%) oraz mała aktywność fizyczna (70%). Prawie wszyscy ankietowani (99%) znają zasady zdrowego żywienia, jednak tylko 38% je stosuje. Jedynie 15% respondentów pali papierosy (27% mężczyzn vs 11% kobiet, p = 0,03). Z kolei 57% studentów przyznało, że poziom ich aktywności fizycznej jest średni, natomiast 5% z nich nie ćwiczy wcale. Spożywanie alkoholu zadeklarowało 66% ankietowanych, przy czym nie wykazano różnic w podgrupach kobiet i mężczyzn. Wnioski: Najczęściej występującym czynnikiem ryzyka ChUK w ankietowanej grupie studentów jest palenie papierosów. Co trzeci ankietowany nie stosuje zasad zdrowego żywienia i wykazuje niski poziom aktywności fizycznej lub całkowity jej brak. Wydaje się, że ciągłe kształcenie w zakresie profilaktyki pierwotnej ChUK powinno dotyczyć każdego, również osób, które są lub będą związane zawodowo z medycyną.
On the Use of Distributed Temperature Sensing and Distributed Acoustic Sensing for the Application of Gas Lift Surveillance
Authors: Hemink Gijs , van der Horst Juun
Published: July 2018

Fiber-optic (FO) -based sensing technologies such as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) or distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) for well surveillance are attractive because they offer a continuous collection of real-time downhole data without the need for well intervention, thus avoiding production deferment. An example is the application of DTS and DAS for gas lift performance monitoring in oil producers by measuring the thermal and acoustic effects from the flow of lift gas through the valves into the production tubing to determine the active, inactive, and possibly leaking valves, and, also, the unloading depth. An anomaly observed in DTS data of a deepwater Gulf of Mexico (GOM) gas lifted oil producer led to a significantly improved interpretation methodology that allows inferring both the lifting depths and the annular-fluid interface(s). These results were confirmed by DAS, by identifying gas flow through a valve in selected acoustic-frequency bands. The new insights have been applied to five wells in the GOM and Southeast Asia.
Responses of Cowpea Genotypes to Indigenous Rock Phosphate Application
Authors: Suzuki Kanako , Fatokun Christian , Boukar Ousmane
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Indigenous RP has possibility as an alternative P source of mineral P fertilizer.

Seven cowpea genotypes were identified as good responders to RP application.

Application amount at 57 mg P kg−1 as RP was optimum amount for cowpea.

Micro‐dosing technic was appropriate for applying powdery RP in the fields.

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] plays an important role in the livelihoods of the people of sub‐Saharan Africa, but phosphorus (P) deficiency in soils is a serious problem that contributes to low productivity. This study was conducted to verify the efficiency of indigenous rock phosphate (RP) as a P source to promote this affordable method of soil management to farmers. Pot experiments were conducted to identify good responder genotypes to RP application and its effect in cowpea cultivation using low‐P soil from Fashola village in southwestern Nigeria and Togolese RP (34% P2O5). Shoot dry weight (SDW) at 8 wk after seeding (WAS) was significantly correlated with P uptake (r = 0.817; P < 0.01) and was therefore used as an indicator to select good responder genotypes. Sixteen of the 28 tested genotypes showed a low rate of decrease of SDW at 8 WAS under Togolese RP applications of 171 mg P kg−1 compared with 30 mg P kg−1 (as KH2PO4). Seven of these genotypes (Iron bean, IT87D‐941–1, IT97K‐499–38, DanIla, IT95K‐1543, IT97K‐556–4, and IT90K‐284–2) showed a significantly higher SDW at 8 WAS compared with IT97K‐499–35. In four of the seven good responders, the SDWs at 8 WAS were significantly higher and grain yield tended to be higher with ≥57 mg P kg−1 compared with zero application. Under field conditions, the micro‐dosing technic is recommended for applying RP to avoid loss and to enhance the availability of P for cowpea cultivation.
Effects of Manure History and Nitrogen Fertilizer Rate on Sugar Beet Production in the Northwest US
Authors: Tarkalson David D. , Bjorneberg David L. , Lentz Rick D.
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

Manure can have a lasting effect on soil fertility and crop production.

Sugar beet yields are increased on soils with a manure history.

Sugar beet quality can be decreased under heavy past manure applications.

Past manure applications effects on sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) production needs to be assessed in the areas where manure applications to crop land are common. A study was conducted in Kimberly, Idaho in 2014 and 2016 to assess the effects of manure application history and N rates on sugar beet production on a Portneuf silt loam (coarse‐silty mixed mesic Durixerollic Calciorthid) soil. From 2004 to 2009, manure was applied to plots every 2 years (M1, total application = 60 tons/acre), every year (M2 total application = 106 tons/acre), or no manure (F, commercial fertilizer only). In spring 2014, the manure main plots were split in half with half receiving a commercial fertilizer N rate treatment superimposed on the main plots in 2014 and the other half receiving the superimposed N rate treatments in 2016. In 2014 and 2016, the commercial fertilizer N rates were 0, 30, 56, 77, 100, 141, 180, and 202 lb/acre. The study design was a randomized block split‐plot with manure history as the main plot and N rate as the subplot. During both years of the study, N rate did not affect sugar beet yields, but M1 and M2 treatments had higher sugar beet root yields compared to the F treatment. Averaged across all N rates, root yields from both manured treatments were 12 and 36% greater than the F treatment in 2014 and 2016, respectively, although sugar yield was only significantly greater in 2016. Manure applications will impact sugar beet production for several years after manure applications have ceased.
Celebrating the 350th Anniversary of Phosphorus Discovery: A Conundrum of Deficiency and Excess
Authors: Sharpley Andrew , Jarvie Helen , Flaten Don , Kleinman Peter
Published: July 2018

2019 will be the 350th anniversary of the discovery of phosphorus (P) by the alchemist Henning Brandt. This perspective traces the historical threads that P has weaved through the fabric of our society and identifies challenges to improve P stewardship in the future and for our future. A century after Brandt's discovery, P was identified in bone ash, which became the primary source of P until guano and ultimately rock P was mined to provide the various mineral formulations used today. Owing to limited supplies, a strategic shift in resource management ethics—from exploiting to conserving P resources—is needed. In agriculture, remedial strategies should consider when conservation practices can transition from P sinks to sources; however, a broader, long‐term strategy for P stewardship is needed. This must include Reducing P loss in food and other wastes, Recovering P from waste streams, Reusing P generated beneficial by‐products, and Restructuring production systems. A key action to enact such changes will be collaboration across all sectors of society and the supply chain, from field to fork and beyond. As this will likely increase the cost of food, fiber, and feed production, it will require an innovative mix of public and private initiatives.

Core Ideas

2019, 350 years since phosphorus discovery, is a good time to envision our next 350 years.

P weaves a complex web through the fabric of agricultural and societal management.

We face a conundrum of coincident consequences of P deficiencies and excesses.

Collaboration among the supply chain must engage in sustainable P stewardship.

P stewardship 4Rs must be broadened to Reduce, Recover, Reuse, and Restructure.
Measurements and Models to Identify Agroecosystem Practices That Enhance Soil Organic Carbon under Changing Climate
Authors: Gollany Hero T. , Venterea Rodney T.
Published: July 2018

Adapting to the anticipated impacts of climate change is a pressing issue facing agriculture, as precipitation and temperature changes are expected to have major effects on agricultural production in many regions of the world. These changes will also affect soil organic matter decomposition and associated stocks of soil organic C (SOC), which have the potential to feed back to climate change and affect agroecosystem resiliency. This special section brings together multiple efforts to assess effects of climate change on SOC stocks around the globe in grassland, pasture, and crop agroecosystems under varying management practices. The overall goal of these efforts is to identify optimum practices to enhance SOC accumulation. In this article, we summarize the highlights of these papers and assess their broader implications for future research to enhance agroecosystem SOC accumulation and resiliency to climate change. Fourteen of the twenty contributions apply dynamic process‐based models to assess climate and/or long‐term management impacts on SOC stocks, and four papers use statistical SOC models across landscapes or regions. Also included are one meta‐analysis and one long‐term study. The models applied in this collection performed well when reliable input data were available, underlining the usefulness of modeling efforts to inform management decisions that enhance SOC stocks. Overall, the findings confirm that most agroecosystems have the potential to store SOC through improved management. However, this will be challenging, particularly for dryland agriculture, unless crop yield and crop biomass increase under projected climate change.

Core Ideas

Maintaining crop yields and increasing cropping intensity will be required to sustain SOC.

Improving yields and reducing tillage is required to sustain SOC under dryland cropping.

CQESTR is an effective tool for simulating SOC dynamics to a depth of 1 m.

Grasslands are likely to sequester more SOC than annual cropping systems.

Rotational grazing increases SOC vs. continuous grazing in semihumid and humid climates.
A Diallel Analysis of a Maize Donor Population Response to In Vivo Maternal Haploid Induction: I. Inducibility
Authors: De La Fuente Gerald N. , Frei Ursula K. , Trampe Benjamin , Nettleton Daniel , Zhang Wei , Lübberstedt Thomas
Published: July 2018

The maize (Zea mays L.) in vivo maternal doubled haploid (DH) system is an important tool used by maize breeders and geneticists around the world. The ability to rapidly produce DH lines of maize for breeding allows breeders to quickly respond to new selection criteria based on the ever‐changing biotic and abiotic stresses that maize is subjected to across its growing area. There are two important steps in the generation of DH lines using the in vivo maternal DH system: (i) the production and identification of haploid progeny, and (ii) the doubling of genomes to create fertile, diploid inbred lines that can be used for topcross and per se evaluation. For this study, the focus is the first step, the production and identification of haploid progeny. A diallel mating between six inbred lines of maize, three highly inducible lines (CR1HT, PA91HT1, and WF9) and three lines with low inducibility (NK778, A427, and A637) was produced to study the genetic makeup of inducibility in temperate maize germplasm. A maximum estimated rate of inducibility was found in A427/A637 at 14.6%. Significant general combining ability (GCA), specific combining ability (SCA), reciprocal, environmental, and GCA × environment and SCA × environment interaction effects were found. Misclassification rates ranged from 0 to 45.2% in the 30 hybrids considered. This study supports the use of germplasm with improved inducibility for breeding to improve rates of inducibility in germplasm that has low induction rates.
Winter Camelina: Crop Growth, Seed Yield, and Quality Response to Cultivar and Seeding Rate
Authors: Gesch Russ W. , Matthees Heather L. , Alvarez Adriana L. , Gardner Robert D.
Published: July 2018

Winter annual camelina [Camelina sativa (L.) Crantz] is a freeze‐hardy, early‐maturing crop that allows potential for dual cropping in short‐season temperate environments. However, few studies have compared winter cultivars for variation in key agronomic traits, or have addressed optimizing seeding rate for their production. Traits such as freeze hardiness and improved seed yield and quality would benefit large‐scale adoption of winter camelina. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of four winter camelina cultivars (‘Joelle’, ‘Bison’, ‘HPX‐WG1‐35’, and ‘HPX‐WG4‐1’) grown at three seeding rates (334, 668, and 1000 seed m−2) on winter survival and growth, seed yield, seed oil and protein content, and fatty acid composition in west‐central Minnesota. Joelle had the greatest winter survival rate, averaging 64% across three growing seasons. Plant density increased with seeding rate, but did not significantly affect seed yield. Overall, Bison yielded the greatest (944 kg ha−1) followed by Joelle (865 kg ha−1), whereas HPX‐WG1‐35 (650 kg ha−1) yielded the least. Both HPX‐WG1‐35 and HPX‐WG4‐1 flowered earlier than the other two cultivars and had greater seed protein content. Joelle seed had the greatest oil content, averaging 407 g kg−1, and had significantly greater oleic (C18:1) and lower linoleic acid (C18:2) contents than the other cultivars. Cultivars did not differ in erucic acid (C22:1) content, which averaged 2.2% across cultivars. Seeding at 334 seeds m−2 was sufficient to achieve maximum seed and oil yield. Variation in some key traits was identified among cultivars that may benefit breeding programs by improving winter camelina productivity and increasing its use in dual‐cropping systems.
Nitrogen Fertilization and Proportion of Legume Affect Litter Decomposition and Nutrient Return in Grass Pastures
Authors: Kohmann Marta M. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Dubeux Jose C. B. , Silveira Maria L. , Moreno Leonardo S. B. , da Silva Liliane S. , Aryal Parmeshwor
Published: July 2018

Warm‐climate grasslands are often N limited. Legume litter decomposition can contribute significantly to N input in grazing systems, but its contribution depends on litter deposition, decomposition, and chemical composition. We evaluated these responses for 2 yr in unfertilized (BG) and fertilized (BGN; 50 kg N ha−1) bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flügge) monocultures and in mixed swards of bahiagrass plus the legume rhizoma peanut (Arachis glabrata Benth.). Legume–grass mixture litter had greater initial N concentration (26 g N kg−1 organic matter [OM]) and lower C/N ratio (22) than BG and BGN, which did not differ from each other (18 g N kg−1 OM, C/N ratio of 31). Litter biomass relative decay rate was greater for mixtures than for bahiagrass monocultures. As a result, less biomass and N remained at the end of incubation in mixtures (62 and 76%, respectively) than in monocultures (69 and 80%, respectively). Litter deposition rate was similar across treatments, but faster decomposition and greater N concentration for legume–grass mixtures resulted in larger litter N release than in monocultures (44 and 26 kg ha−1, respectively). At the end of incubation, remaining litter biomass and remaining N decreased with increasing litter legume proportion, whereas litter N concentration and litter decay rate increased. Results indicate that legume–grass mixtures are an alternative to N fertilizer for increasing N cycling through plant litter in grasslands, and although litter deposition rates were similar across treatments, increasing legume proportion in mixtures is likely to be associated with greater litter N release.
Translocation of Carbon from Surface Organic Horizons to the Subsoil in Coarse‐Textured Spodosols: Implications for Deep Soil C Dynamics
Authors: Rothstein David E. , Toosi Ehsan R. , Schaetzl Randall J. , Grandy A. Stuart
Published: July 2018

Core Ideas

O horizons account for the majority of DOM entering B horizons in these sandy soils.

There was less exchange with SOM in sugar maple stands compared to red pine stands.

Microbial processing of DOM inputs appears to be important in the formation of SOM.

Dissolved organic matter (DOM) translocated from O horizons has been viewed as the main source of subsoil carbon (C) in Spodosols. However, recent studies in other soil types have concluded that little O horizon DOM reaches the subsoil directly. We investigated whether C derived from O horizons contributes to deep‐soil C stores in six Spodosol profiles under coniferous (red pine) or deciduous (sugar maple) forests. We used spectroscopic, stable‐isotope and pyrolysis‐gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy analysis of DOM and solid phase soil samples to assess whether O horizon C was transported directly to deep soil horizons or had been exchanged with mineral soil organic matter (SOM) pools. All three approaches indicated that O horizons are the source of the majority of DOM entering B horizons, with little contribution from desorbed SOM. Despite a greater stock of O horizon C in red pine stands, there was no difference between forest types in the quantity of C delivered to B horizons (18 g C m–2 y–1). However, C derived from O horizons accounted for ∼95% of the C entering B horizons in sugar maple stands, but only ∼80% in red pine stands. Molecular analysis of DOM and SOM also showed a greater resemblance of B horizon SOM to DOM in sugar maple stands; however, it also clearly indicated the importance of microbial processing of input C in the formation of B horizon SOM. Our results demonstrate the strong connection between O horizons and deep soil C stocks in these sandy Spodosols and indicate that future changes in the quantity or quality of DOM entering the mineral soil have the potential to alter the delivery of surface C to depth.
Development of Thiazole-5-carboxylate Derivatives as Selective Inhibitors of Monoacylglycerol Lipase as Target in Cancer
Authors: Ali Md Rahmat , Kumar Suresh , Shalmali Nishtha , Afzal Obaid , Azim Sabir , Chanana Damini , Alam Ozair , Paudel Yam Nath , Sharma Manju , Bawa Sandhya
Published: July 2018

Introduction: The signalling function of 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in endocannabinoid
system is delineated by Monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). MAGL readdresses the lipid stores in the
direction of pro-tumorigenic signalling lipids in cancer cells. Selective as well as potent MAGL inhibitors
are limited in number hence their continuous development may lead to a breakthrough invention in
the field of MAGL inhibitors. In succession of the above, we have synthesised 2-amino-4-
methylthiazole-5-carboxylate derivatives and characterised them by collective use of IR, 1H-NMR,
13C-NMR, Mass spectral data and elemental analysis.

Methodology: Thirteen compounds (3c-g, 4c, 4e, 4f and 6b-f) inhibited MAGL with IC50 value 0.037-
9.60 µM. Two compounds (3g and 4c) were found to be most potent with IC50 values 0.037 and
0.063µM, respectively. Thirty synthesised compounds were sent to NCI for anticancer screening, out
of which nine compounds were selected for one dose anticancer assay. Compounds 3g (NSC:788170)
and 4c (NSC:788176)were found to be the most potent during one dose anticancer screening and fulfilled
the specified threshold for growth inhibition criteria of NCI and were further selected for full
panel five dose assay at 10-fold dilutions of five different concentrations.

Conclusion: Compound 3g displayed GI50 value 0.865 μM against EKVX (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
cell line), and 1.20 µM against MDA-MB-468 (Breast Cancer cell Line), while (4c) showed GI50
value 0.34 and 0.96 µM against HOP-92 and EKVX (Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer cell line) and 1.08
µM against MDA-MB-231/ATCC(Breast Cancer cell Line). In addition, molecular docking studies of
the said MAGL inhibitors have also been presented in this article.
Ecological Momentary Assessments and Interventions in Alzheimer’s Caregiving
Authors: Lazzari Carlo
Published: July 2018

Background:

Caregivers of persons with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) often experience feelings
of lack of support and information from specialists when operating in real scenarios, inclusive of old-age
psychiatric wards, care homes, community, and patient’s home.

Objective:

AD caregivers can provide narrative about what issues need to be addressed in Ecological
Momentary Assessment (EMA) to capture real-time and real-scenario needs in AD caregiving, and Ecological
Momentary Interventions (EMI) as online e-learning to assist in areas of concerns.

Method:

Twelve focus group discussions took place with AD caregivers for a total of 62 people interviewed.
Once major themes in surveys and learning were identified by using discourse analysis, AD
caregivers expressed the likelihood that these themes (where 0 meant “nil” and 1 meant “completely”)
would address their focal needs in caregiving and topics in learning. Z scores for proportions and
Cohen’s d effect size were calculated for each item reporting the averaged scores.

Results:

AD caregivers indicated that the major areas of concern that could benefit from an EMA/EMI
online platform were: support (d=3.08), collaboration (d=1.85), medication review (d=1.21), dealing
with grief and mourning, and time (d=0.97). Moreover, they identified personal resources available to
provide help to colleagues: support (d=1.34), information (d=0.97), collaboration (d=2.06), hospital admission
(d=3.08), and hospital discharge (d=5.50).

Conclusion:

Focus groups and narratives can be the initial stage in creating a dedicated AD app supporting
EMA/EMI in AD care.
Oral Acute and Repeated-Doses Toxicity Study of Valepotriates from Valeriana glechomifolia (Meyer) in Mice
Authors: de Almeida Tielle Moraes , von Poser Gilsane Lino , Müller Liz Girardi , Pereira Paula Reis , Cassel Eduardo , Vargas Rubem Mario Figueiro , da Silva Nunes Nilson Junior , Driemeier David , Dallegrave Eliane , de Faria Valle Stella , Kuze Rates Stela Maris
Published: July 2018

Background:

Species of Valeriana show sedative, hypnotic, anxiolytic, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory properties, which are associated with valepotriates. However, data about toxicity and safety of these compounds are still limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the toxicity of a valepotriate-enriched fraction (VAL) from Valeriana glechomifolia Meyer based on the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) guidelines 423 and 407.

Methods:

In the acute study, CF1 mice were treated with a single dose of VAL (2000 mg/kg, p.o.) and observed for 14 days. In the repeated dose study, CF1 mice received single daily doses of VAL (30, 150 or 300 mg/kg, p.o.) or vehicle for 28 days. These doses were chosen based on previous results by our group and according to Guideline 407- OECD.

Results:

The acute study allowed to classify VAL in the hazard category 5. The repeat-dose study has shown that VAL 300 mg/kg delayed weight gain and reduced food consumption in the first week, probably due to transient sedative effects. The other doses had no effect on animals’ ponderal evolution. At the end of the treatment, all groups had equal body weight and food consumption. None of the doses altered any behavioral, urinary, biochemical, hematological, anatomic or histological parameters.

Conclusion:

A valepotriate-enriched fraction from Valeriana glechomifolia presents relatively low oral acute toxicity and does not induce evident toxicity after oral repeated treatment (at least up to 300 mg/kg) in mice.