bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Múltiples osteomas en región cráneo maxilofacial. Reporte de dos casos
Authors: Mayta-Jiménez Maritza , Palomeque- Blacutt Franklin , Avilés-Escalera Oldrin , Neme-Amusquivar Jhonny
Published: February 2016

Los osteomas son lesiones benignas de crecimiento lento, progresivo, asintomáticas (salvo que por su tamaño afecten a estructuras adyacentes), localizadas frecuentemente en el esqueleto cráneo facial, de etiología poco clara, presentes a cualquier edad y sin predilección de género. Suelen ser solitarios o múltiples, a menudo asociados al Síndrome de Gardner. Para el diagnóstico se requiere de una evaluación clínica, imagenológica e histopatológica, su tratamiento dependerá de los problemas estéticos o funcionales que causen, el cual consiste en la remoción quirúrgica y la osteotomía modeladora. El propósito de este reporte, es dar a conocer dos casos de pacientes de diferente género y edad, que acudieron a la Unidad de Estomatología y Cirugía Buco-Maxilofacial del Hospital de Clínicas Universitario (La Paz-Bolivia), quienes presentaron osteomas múltiples en la región craneomáxilofacial, sin evidencia clínica (al momento del examen) de manifestaciones intestinales y cutáneas por lo que se estableció que no estuvieron asociados al Síndrome de Gardner. El tiempo de evolución, la poca frecuencia de reportes de lesiones múltiples en nuestro país (Bolivia), la alteración estética y funcional debido a las grandes dimensiones alcanzadas, ya que requirieron una intervención quirúrgica para su resolución, nos lleva a la presentación de estos casos.
Características imaginológicas de la osteosclerosis idiopática de los maxilares evaluada con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico
Authors: Tenorio-Estrada Janet Kely , Quezada-Marquez Milushka Miroslava , Evangelista-Alva Alexis
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: Determinar las características imaginológicas de la osteoesclerosis idiopática (OI) de los maxilares evaluada con tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (TCHC). Materiales y métodos: Se revisó 454 TCHC bimaxilares del Servicio de Radiología Oral y Maxilofacial de la sede de San Isidro del Posgrado de la Facultad de Estomatología Roberto Beltrán de la Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, periodo 2011-2012. Se analizaron las variables sexo, edad, número, localización, tamaño, forma, límites, posición céfalo-caudal, posición vestíbulo-lingual y relación a la pieza dentaria de la OI de los maxilares. Resultados: La frecuencia de OIs fue del 28,6%. No encontrando diferencias entre los porcentajes de edad y sexo. El mayor porcentaje fue la región molar inferior 56,7%. No se encontró diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las arcadas por lado. El tamaño promedio de las OIs fue de 6,84mm ± 3,1. La forma irregular fue la predominante con 80,3%, de límites definidos con 93,3%. La posición media se halló con mayor porcentaje tanto para la posición céfalo-caudal como para la posición vestíbulo-lingual. Con relación a las piezas dentarias, se hallaron en zona edéntula 36,5% y separado del diente 33,1%. Conclusión: Las características imaginológicas de las OIs nos ayudan a diferenciarlas de verdaderas patologías óseas. El alto porcentaje encontrado con respecto a la frecuencia, en comparación a otras poblaciones, nos indica que los especialistas involucrados deben tenerlo en cuenta, durante el plan de tratamiento.
Una visión del reimplante intencional como alternativa a la exodoncia dentaria
Authors: Coaguila Llerena Hernán , Zubiate Meza Javier , Mendiola Aquino Carlos
Published: February 2016

La fi losofía conservadora es lo más importante en la práctica odontológica contemporánea. No sólo implicala conservación de la estructura dentaria, sino también la preservación de los tejidos circundantes. El reimplanteintencional está indicado en casos donde realizar un tratamiento de conductos de manera adecuada es sumamentedifícil, o cuando una cirugía apical puede verse comprometida por distintos motivos. La presente revisión bibliográfica abordará las indicaciones, contraindicaciones, principios y técnica de este procedimiento quirúrgicopara-endodóntico. Asimismo, se discutirá su conveniencia como opción conservadora antes de la extraccióndentaria.
Prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental en estudiantes según facultades de una universidad particular peruana
Authors: Espinoza Solano Miguel , León Manco Roberto Antonio
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: Describir la prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental en estudiantes según facultades de la UniversidadPeruana Cayetano Heredia (UPCH), Lima-Perú, en el año 2012. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo,observacional y retrospectivo, se trabajó con datos 2 bases de datos (Base 1: 3454 registros y Base 2: 3417 registros)provenientes de estudiantes de la UPCH proporcionados por el área administrativa de la Clínica Dental Docentede la misma institución. Las variables de estudio fueron la prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental (ÍndicesCPOD y CPOS) según facultades,las pruebas estadísticas utilizadas fueron Chi-cuadrado y Kruskall Wallis,contando con un nivel de confi anza de 95% y p<0,05, se usó el programa estadístico SPSS v. 20.0. Resultados:Se encontró asociación de la prevalencia de caries dental (p<0,01) y diferencia de promedios de Índices CPODy CPOS (p<0.01) según facultades en la UPCH. Conclusiones: Se evidenciaron diferencias estadísticamentesignifi cativas entrela prevalencia y experiencia de caries dental en estudiantes según facultades de la UniversidadPeruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima-Perú, en el año 2012.
Estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los pacientes con tuberculosis de un centro de salud
Authors: Hilda Belito-de la Cruz , Fernández-Cruzado Valeria , Sánchez-Gutiérrez Shirley , Farro-Peña Gianina
Published: February 2016

Cuando una persona recibe el diagnóstico de una enfermedad crónica como la tuberculosis cambia la forma como se ve a sí misma y a su vida, ello afecta profundamente el autoconcepto, y la adaptación dependerá de una multiplicidad de factores, como la edad, el sexo, el estatus social, el apoyo, la educación, las creencias religiosas, los patrones de personalidad, la inteligencia, los estilos de afrontamiento, el equilibrio o control emocional, etc. Objetivo: identificar las estrategias de afrontamiento utilizadas por los pacientes con tuberculosis. Material y métodos: estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se realizó en el Centro de Salud «Santa Rosa» de San Juan de Lurigancho. El cuestionario Brief Cope fue aplicado a 30 pacientes. Para su validación, fue sometido a juicio de expertos y a una prueba piloto. Resultados: el 86,6% de la población utiliza el afrontamiento activo, el 73,3% de la población siempre utiliza la aceptación y el 53,3% utiliza la autodistracción como medio de afrontamiento. Conclusiones: de la dimensión estrategias centradas en el problema, los pacientes que asisten a la ESN-PCT del Centro de Salud Santa Rosa utilizan, en mayor porcentaje, el afrontamiento activo.
Caracterización de las personas con pie diabético. Monterrey, Mexico
Authors: Gutiérrez-Valverde Juana Mercedes , Gallegos-García Amelia , Guevara-Valtier Milton Carlos , Vega-Grimaldo Miguel Ángel , Santos-Flores Jesús Melchor , Paz-Morales María de los Ángeles
Published: February 2016

Objetivos: identificar las características personales, familiares, clínicas y socio económicos de las personas con pie diabético, que estuvieron hospitalizadas en una institución de salud de tercer nivel en Monterrey, Nuevo León durante el año 2009 y 2010. Material y Métodos: fue un estudio descriptivo. La unidad de análisis fueron 275 expedientes clínicos de pacientes con DT2 con diagnóstico de pie diabético. Resultados: el 66,9% de los expedientes correspondieron al género masculino y el 33,1% al femenino, con edad media de 59,2 años (DE = 12,5; 31-95); el 59,6% tenían pareja; con una estancia hospitalaria promedio fue de 6,4 días (DE = 5,8; 1-39); el 85,5% de los participantes cursaron en promedio 5,71 años de educación formal (DE = 3.8; 0-17), el 32 % reportaron estar desempleadas, los años de diagnóstico de DT2 en n = 255 personas fue de 14.2 años (DE = 9.0; 1-40); con diagnóstico de pie diabético en n = 94 personas (34,2%), fue de 3 años (DE = 2.3; 1-10); destacó la HTA con 22,9% masculino, 21,4% femenino con tiempo de diagnóstico de uno a 40 años; el 90% de los valores de HbA1c fueron superiores a 7%. En cuanto a los cultivos de úlceras 3,6% fueron gram+; consume más el género masculino con 25,8% alcohol y 21% tabaco y solo el 1% consume marihuana y cocaína; el 43,4% reportaron DT2 y paterno el 17%; en el tipo de lesión destaca la amputación supracondílea 34%. Conclusiones: se identificaron factores alarmantes que ubican en riesgo de complicaciones a la persona con DT2, se requiere mayor profundización en el fenómeno estudiado.
Determinantes sociales de la salud de la OMS en mujeres mexicanas con el virus de papiloma
Authors: Soltero-Rivera Silvia Guadalupe , Cerda-Flores Ricardo Martin , Cárdenas-Villarreal Velia Margarita , Guevara-Valtier Milton Carlos , Paz Morales María de los Angeles , Patton-Leal Adrián Carlos , Ramírez-García Esther Justina
Published: February 2016

Uno de los temas centrales de la OMS es el análisis de los problemas de salud mediante el modelo de Determinantes Sociales de la Salud (DSS: inadecuadas condiciones económicas, ambientales y de alimentación). El sistema sanitario de la OMS ha asociado algunas enfermedades tal como el Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) con losDSS. Desde el punto de vista de investigación cuantitativa, los DSS reportados por la OMS son: 1) edad de inicio de la actividad sexual, 2) múltiples compañeros sexuales, 3) estrato socioeconómico y 4) sistema inmunitario debilitado. En México, hasta el momento las investigaciones cualitativas en población de mujeres mexicanas con VPH son nulas. Objetivos: identificar los DSS en mujeres mexicanas con VPH mediante una investigación cualitativa. Material y Métodos: diseño cualitativo-descriptivo. La población estuvo conformada por 1800 mujeres con VPH atendidas en consulta externa de un hospital de tercer nivel. De este total solo a 9 mujeres se seleccionaron para entrevista a profundidad (Método de Saturación) Minayo. Mediante el método de saturación se obtuvieron las unidades de significado, categorías y subcategorías. Resultados: se identificaron cinco categorías. 1. Determinantes conductuales, 2. Ingreso y situación económica, 3. Educación para la salud, 4. Estilos de vida y 5. Servicios de salud; utilizando el método de saturación. De estas categorías se obtuvieron nueve subcategorías. Las categorías con mayor saturación fueron: determinantes conductuales, (subcategorías: relación de pareja y relación sexual) e ingreso y situación económica (subcategorías: apoyo económico de pareja e ingreso personal).
¿Por qué publicar un artículo científico?
Authors: Velásquez Carranza Doris
Published: February 2016

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Conocimientos y buenas prácticas de manufactura en personas dedicadas a la elaboración y expendio de alimentos preparados, en el distrito de Los Olivos, Lima-Perú
Authors: Carrasco María , Guevara Beder , Falcón Néstor
Published: February 2016

Objetivo: Evaluar el impacto de las capacitaciones sanitarias ofrecidas por un gobierno local sobre la persistencia y aplicaciones de los conocimientos de buenas prácticas de manufactura (BPM) en 60 manipuladores de alimentos de 11 mercados y 23 restaurantes del Distrito de los Olivos. Material y Métodos: Se utilizó un test post capacitación y dos meses después de la misma y se evaluó in situ la aplicación de las BPM en el manipulador de alimentos a través de una tabla de cotejo diseñada para el estudio. Resultados: Se encontró que los cursos de manipulación de alimentos aumentan el nivel de conocimientos sobre prácticas de manipulación de alimentos, pero que no necesariamente éstos se aplican en la preparación de los mismos. Se reportó que un aspecto crítico post capacitación fue el desconocimiento de la contaminación cruzada y sus implicancias. Se observó importantes omisiones en la aplicación de la BPM durante la manipulación de alimentos en la actividad rutinaria, entre ellas la inadecuada separación de alimentos en el momento de su preparación y la presencia de equipos inservibles en el lugar de trabajo. Conclusiones: Se hace necesario desarrollar capacitaciones constantes a fin de lograr la persistencia de los conocimientos sobre BPM y la supervisión de su aplicación por parte de los manipuladores de alimentos a fin de prevenir potenciales brotes de enfermedades transmitidas por alimentos.
Características fisicoquímicas de la salchicha de cerdo del departamento de Tumbes, Perú
Authors: Ramos Daphne , San Martín Viviana , Rebatta Mónica , Arbaiza Teresa , Salvá Bettit , Caro Irma , Mateo Javier
Published: February 2016

Este trabajo pretende contribuir a la caracterización de la salchicha tradicional elaborada en Tumbes por pequeños productores. Se ha obtenido información de 12 productores sobre su procedimiento de elaboración y se ha analizado la composición (pH, aw, componentes mayoritarios, ácidos láctico y acético, hidroxiprolina y estado oxidativo) y el color de 16 lotes de salchichas. Además, se ha estudiado en 6 lotes de salchichas la evolución de su composición y el momento de aparición de signos de alteración, durante 9 días de almacenamiento en las condiciones usuales de la zona (con periodos a temperatura ambiente y otros a refrigeración). La salchicha es un embutido fresco, entre húmedo y semiseco, con un contenido graso relativamente bajo y de baja acidificación. Hubo gran variabilidad entre muestras en los contenidos de componentes mayoritarios y pH. La composición cambio poco durante el almacenamiento, pero se evidenció alteración sensorial a partir del tercer día.
Modulatory Effect of Lovastatin on Therapeutic Efficiency of Conventional Antidiabetics on Pancreatic and Cardiovascular Complications of Diabetes
Authors: Ehab A.M. EL-Shoura  , Basim A.S. Messiha  , Amira M. ABO-Youssef  , Ramadan A.M. Hemeida
Published: February 2016

The aim of the present study is to assess the possible modulatory effect of lovastatin (LOVA) on metformin (MET) and gliclazide (GLIC) on pancreatic and cardiovascular complications in rats with experimentally induced diabetes. Male Swiss rats were randomly assigned to seven groups. Group 1 served as normal control group. Group 2 served as diabetic control group, treated with streptozotocin (STZ) alone. Groups 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 received LOVA, MET, GLIC, LOVA plus MET and LOVA plus GLIC, respectively, for 30 consecutive days after treatment with STZ. To evaluate the modulatory effect of LOVA, blood glucose level was assessed coupled with pancreatic tissue levels of oxidative stress markers including thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) production, glutathione reduced (GSH) stores, total nitrite (NO2-) production as well as glutathione-S-transferase (GST), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities. Degree of lipid derangement was evaluated by measuring serum levels of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), as well as blood fibrinogen (FBG) level and white blood cells (WBCs) count were evaluated to assess generalized inflammatory and hematological disorders. Combination of LOVA with either MET or GLIC significantly corrected STZ-induced alterations of serum levels of glucose, HMG-CoA reductase, TGs, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, CRP and IL-6, tissue contents of TBARS, GSH, NO2-, GST and SOD, as well as blood FBG level and WBCs count as compared to either drug alone. LOVA combination with MET but not with GLIC could modulate serum HDL-C level, whilst LOVA combination with GLIC but not with MET could modulate pancreatic tissue CAT activity. These results show that combination of LOVA with MET or GLIC significantly modulates their effects on diabetes-induced pancreatic and cardiovascular complications, including hyperglycemia, oxidative and nitrosative stress, dyslipidemia, inflammatory disorders, hyperfibrinogenemia and leucocytosis.
Comprehensive Report on Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Prominence of Withania somnifera
Authors: Kalpana Gavande  , Dr. Kirti Jain  , Dr. Bharti Jain  , Rakesh Mehta
Published: February 2016

Medicinal plants have been one of the prominent sources of remedies since the inception of human civilization. In rural area herbal medicines are considered to be best healthcare products due to its easily availability. A large proportion of the world population, especially in the developing countries relies mainly on the traditional system of medicine. Withania somnifera is known as Ashwagandha belonging to the Solanaceae family. W. somnifera is used as adaptogen, antiarthritic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory, nervine tonic, nerve soothing, sedative, hypotensive, antioxidant, immunomodulator, free radical scavenger, anti-stress and anti-cancer agent. From chemistry point of view, the drug contains group of biologically active constituents known as withanolides. The major active constituents of W. somnifera root are steroidal alkaloids and steroidal lactones in a class of constituents called withanolides. The present review is therefore, an effort to give a detailed overview of the published writings on phytochemistry and pharmacological activities of W. somnifera; this information will be beneficial in developing new formulations, which are more effective and have more therapeutic values.
Evaluation of Salicin Isolated from Salix subserrata as a Radioprotector against Gamma Irradiation Induced Ultrastructural and Electrophoretic Changes in Spleen Tissue in Rats
Authors: Monira A. Abd El Kader  , Ibrahim Abulyazid  , Mohga Shafik Abdalla  , Hayat Mohamed Sharada  , Wael Mahmoud Kamel
Published: February 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the radioprotective effect of salicin against irradiation effect on spleen tissue in male rats. Lipid peroxidation product (MDA) level was measured as thiobarbituric acid reactive substance. Ultrastructural examination was carried out in spleen tissue by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis for native protein, lipoprotein and zymogram were carried out in spleen homogenate. As expected, salicin resisted the irradiation effect and declined the MDA level in spleen homogenate of all treated groups. The alterations which were occurred as a result of irradiation in the spleen tissue could not be detected microscopically but they were detected electrophoertically at levels of protein and isozymes. Salicin prevented the qualitative mutagenic effect of irradiation on the electrophoretic protein pattern in the irradiated salicin simultaneous treated group (SI = 0.73). It showed the highest protective effect against qualitative mutagenic irradiation effect in catalase pattern in irradiated salicin pre-treated group (SI = 0.80). It could not prevent the abnormalities occurred qualitatively and quantitatively as a result of irradiation in peroxidase pattern in all irradiated salicin treated groups. While the esterase pattern showed the same electrophoretic pattern in the all irradiated salicin treated groups. The results suggested the radioprotective ability of salicin against gamma irradiation effect on various ultrastructural and electrophoretic patterns in spleen tissue of male rats.
Patterns of Drug Use and Adherence in the Management of Hypertension in a Health Care Facility in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Aghoja OC  , Arute John E  , Ovwioghose OS  , Erah PO  , Eniojukun JF
Published: February 2016

Hypertension is one of the treatable causes of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Management and evaluation of hypertension helps to streamline treatment protocols in hospitals that conform to global practice standards. Critical to hypertension management is adherence and lack of knowledge to adhering to prescribed medications may constitute treatment failure. To determine the patterns and adherence level of antihypertensives and impacting factors to non-adherence.The case files of adult hypertensive patients of the Central hospital Warri that were surveyed for a period of six months was 400 for drug use pattern. Reasons for non-adherence was also gathered. The 8-item Morisky questionnaire was used to gather information on adherence. Females affected was 69.8% with mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 153.3mmHg±16.7 and males 30.2% with mean systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 155.3mmHg±17.3% and mean diastolic blood pressure (DBP) for females (91.8mmHg±10.7) and males (92.0mmHg±9.8). After the start of therapy, mean SBP and DBP for females (143.8mmHg±22.3; 86.4mmHg±12.5) and males (143.6mmHg±22.1; 87.9mmHg±11.6). The most frequently prescribed antihypertensive was calcium channel blockers (29.7%) and next was angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (24.8%) and these were the commonest multitherapy (50%) encountered. Adherence level was 84%. Reasons for non-adherence were affordability and forgetfulness to take medications. Calcium-channel blockers and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors were mostly prescribed, and as dual therapy while diuretics were rarely used. Adherence to medication was relatively high, but their blood pressure was poorly controlled. Reasons for non-adherence were the inability of respondents to afford medications and forgetfulness.
Development of Consensus Algorithms for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Recommended by the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes
Authors: Nikola Kolev  , Valentina Petkova  , Kalina Andreevska  , Guenka Petrova  , Guenka Petrova  , Milen Dimitrov
Published: February 2016

Diabetes as a health problem needs a complex management in order a better quality of life for the patients to be achieved. There are various organizations, and clinicians who have created guidelines for proper treatment of the disease. In some extent, there are controversial and this fact leads to confusion. Considering these different approaches  for treatment of diabetes and the various point of views for management of the disease, the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) developed recommendations for antihyperglycemic therapy in nonpregnant adults with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study is to compare the two consensuses of ADA’s and EASD’s in order to be emphasized the main approaches.
Teoria, conhecimento e pragmática da comunicação: o paradigma pulsional
Authors: Silveira Junior Potiguara Mendes da
Published: February 2016

Parte-se do estado da arte feito por Muniz Sodré (2012a) sobre a abordagem acadêmica do campo comunicacional e a dificuldade para defini-lo em seu aspecto "científico". No intuito de prospectar além dos paradigmas identificados por Sodré (o sociológico, dos efeitos; e o semiótico, dos códigos), propõe-se o paradigma pulsional que orienta a Transformática, teoria psicanalítica da comunicação.
Jornalismo e despolitização
Authors: Pedroso Neto Antonio José
Published: February 2016

Este artigo trata de jornalismo e despolitização da política, considerando a literatura nacional e internacional. Ele tem como referência as críticas a um modelo normativo típico que descreve/prescreve a relação da organização e da atividade econômica da imprensa com a política e a democracia, a partir de uma analogia com a concepção liberal da economia e da política: as pressões de mercado não levam à diversidade de conteúdos e à politização, ao contrário, elas tendem a reforçar a despolitização da política. A literatura sobre mídia e política no Brasil é analítica, qualificada e volumosa, mas não trata das relações entre os processos de midiatização e de despolitização da política. Já a literatura internacional dispõe textos que revelam várias práticas e processos do espaço do jornalismo que caracterizam a despolitização da política.
A lógica de ação social da Ferrari: Esporte, Consumo e Paixão na Scuderia do Cavallino Rampante
Authors: Venancio Rafael Duarte Oliveira
Published: February 2016

Paixão mundial seja nas pistas de corrida, seja nos carros de luxo ou mesmo em pequenos acessórios de consumo, a Scuderia Ferrari é uma das empresas mais tradicionais do esporte automotor e da indústria de carros com o seu vermelho vibrante de corrida (rosso corsa) e sua logomarca inconfundível de um cavalo rampante negro em um escudo de amarelo vibrante (cavallino rampante). O presente artigo deseja identificar a lógica de ação social que permite a empresa italiana, sediada em Maranello, tanto lucrar dentro do mecanismo econômico do capitalismo, bem como criar um fandom expressivo, cuja paixão não distingue classe social. Utilizando a lógica de racionalidade social posta por Jürgen Habermas, dividida em Mundo da Vida (ação comunicativa) e Sistema (ação instrumental), vamos esquematizar a ação ferrarista em quatro posições típica-ideais, mostrando a importância da gestão e do marketing esportivo e de bens de luxo para as empresas vinculadas ao automobilismo.
Concepções e estratégias da aprendizagem participativa na educação a distância (EAD): contribuição das práticas dialógicas e comunicacionais para a autonomia discente
Authors: Sabbatini Marcelo
Published: February 2016

A partir da premissa de que a efetivação de iniciativas de educação a distância (EaD) tem mantido práticas instrucionistas características da educação tradicional, com a pouca participação e envolvimento dos alunos para a consecução dos modelos pedagógicos progressistas nos quais estes mesmos projetos se baseiam, investigamos o conceito de aprendizagem participativa, a partir de suas concepções teóricas, assim como das estratégias para sua implementação. Além de promover a autonomia dos estudantes, tais princípios se justificam pela redução dos índices de evasão e de falta de motivação característicos desta modalidade. Especificamente, buscamos evidenciar as práticas dialógicas e comunicacionais, no contexto da interatividade dos ambientes tecnológicos como fonte de engajamento dos estudantes no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.
Finding New Ground in Subsea Integrity Management
Authors: Whitfield Stephen
Published: February 2016

The oil and gas industry has moved into more extreme territories in recent years, sanctioning an increasing number of ultradeepwater projects that require the use of remote and long-distance subsea tiebacks as well as subsea processing systems. With the push to deepwater development, production has become more reliant on the integrity of subsea, umbilical, riser, and flowline (SURF) systems. Operators have been seeking more cost-effective ways to define and implement the inspection and monitoring methods needed to assess and manage the integrity of SURF systems. An operator-only joint-industry project (JIP) was launched to help enable an integrated approach to the integrity management of SURF systems and develop best practices.
Reactor performance and pathogen removal during wastewater treatment by vermifiltration
Authors: Arora Sudipti , Kazmi A. A.
Published: February 2016

The application of vermifiltration could reduce the load of chemical and biological pollutants present in wastewater, reducing the pressure over water requirements and allowing the reclamation of the treated water. In the present study, vermifiltration has shown a great potential for chemical pollutants and pathogen removal in wastewater through the synergistic interactions of earthworms and microorganisms. The results of a pilot-scale study showed a higher percentage removal of biochemical oxygen demand (88%), chemical oxygen demand (78%), total suspended solids (83%) and log removal of fecal coliforms (2.61), fecal streptococci (2.50), Salmonella (2.20) and Escherichia coli (2.48) to the levels considered acceptable for reuse in irrigation purposes. Specifically, earthworms in the vermifilter were able to transform insoluble organic material to soluble form followed by selective digestion of the material to finer size, and further degradation by the microorganisms in the reactor. In vitro antimicrobial assay tests also showed that the present microflora had strong inhibitory efficiency against Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella aerogenes. The observed inhibitory effect was found to be responsible for the phenomenon mentioned above, with release of antimicrobial substances by earthworms and associated microflora that showed antimicrobial potency against pathogenic bacteria. The kinetics evaluation showed the predominance of a first order removal model during vermifiltration.
Comparison of different anion-exchange chromatography resins for the purification of cyanobacterial microcystins
Authors: Somdee Theerasak , Somdee Anchana
Published: February 2016

For the first time, different types of diethylaminoethyl (DEAE) anion-exchange resins, widely used in previous studies, were investigated to determine the most effective resin for the purification of microcystins (MCs). MCs were extracted from freeze-dried Microcystis aeruginosa cells that had been harvested from the Bueng Nong Khot reservoir, Khon Kaen, Thailand. The toxins were precipitated with ammonium sulfate and then fractionated using five different anion-exchange chromatography resins, followed by chromatography with a C18 cartridge. The toxins were further identified via liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) analysis, and the yields and purity were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with ultraviolet detection. DEAE Sephadex A-25 exhibited the best overall performance for MC purification regarding both yield and purity, followed by DEAE cellulose, DEAE Sephacel, DEAE Sepharose Fast Flow and Toyopearl DEAE. Four MC variants, MC-RR, MC-FR, [Dha7]MC-LR and MC-WR, were obtained, and [Dha7]MC-LR was the major variant, with a total yield of 53.08 mg and a purity of 95% using the Sephadex resin. This study indicates that protein precipitation and single-column chromatography using DEAE Sephadex A-25 constitute an effective method for the purification of a wide range of MC variants.
Immunomagnetic separation study applied to detection of Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts in water samples
Authors: de Oliveira Pinto Diego , Urbano Luciana , Neto Romeu Cantusio
Published: February 2016

In this work we studied the IMS purification comparing acid (n = 12) and heat (n = 12) dissociation procedures and investigated the possible losses of target organism in this step. Reagent water samples were directly inoculated with Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts (BTF Easy Seed™). Acid dissociation showed higher mean recovery efficiency and precision than heat dissociation for Giardia spp. cysts and Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts, but there were not significant statistic differences for Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. Mean recovery efficiency for both protozoa were in accordance with the acceptance criteria of Method 1623 by acid and heat dissociation. The bead–cyst/bead–oocysts dissociation procedure is fundamental for better results whereas a significant loss of organisms occurs in this step.
Numerical simulation of wrinkle morphology formation and the evolution of different Bacillus subtilis biofilms
Authors: Wang Xiaoling , Hao Mudong , Wang Guoqing
Published: February 2016

Wrinkle morphology is a distinctive phenomenon observed in mature biofilms that are produced by a great number of bacteria. The wrinkle pattern depends on the mechanical properties of the agar substrate and the biofilm itself, governed by the extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we study the macroscopic structures and the evolution of Bacillus subtilis biofilm wrinkles using the commercial finite element software ABAQUS. A mechanical model and simulation are set up to analyze and evaluate bacteria biofilm's wrinkle characteristics. We uncover the wrinkle formation mechanism and enumerate the quantitative relationship between wrinkle structure and mechanical properties of biofilm and its substrate. Our work can be used to modify the wrinkle pattern and control the biofilm size.
Preparation and photoelectrocatalytic performance of N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane composite electrode material
Authors: Cheng Zhi-Lin , Han Shuai
Published: February 2016

A novel composite electrode material based on a N-doped TiO2-loaded NaY zeolite membrane (N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane) for photoelectrocatalysis was presented. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–visible (UV-vis) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) characterization techniques were used to analyze the structure of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane. The XRD and SEM results verified that the N-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with the size of ca. 20 nm have been successfully loaded on the porous stainless steel-supported NaY zeolite membrane. The UV-vis result showed that the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane exhibited a more obvious red-shift than that of N-TiO2 nanoparticles. The XPS characterization revealed that the doping of N element into TiO2 was successfully achieved. The photoelectrocatalysis performance of the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane composite electrode material was evaluated by phenol removal and also the effects of reaction conditions on the catalytic performance were investigated. Owing to exhibiting an excellent catalytic activity and good recycling stability, the N-doped TiO2/NaY zeolite membrane composite electrode material was of promising application for photoelectrocatalysis in wastewater treatment.
Apoprotein B/Apoprotein A-1 Ratio and Mortality among Prevalent Dialysis Patients
Authors: Sato Yuji , Fujimoto Shouichi , Toida Tatsunori , Nakagawa Hideto , Yamashita Yasuhiro , Iwakiri Takashi , Fukuda Akihiro , Iwatsubo Shuji
Published: February 2016

Background and objectives

In dialysis patients, the associations between apoprotein profile and all-cause or cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related mortality are not well known. We, therefore, investigated whether apoprotein levels are associated with these events.

Design, setting, participants, & measurements

We undertook a prospective observational cohort study of prevalent hemodialysis patients aged ≥18 years (n=1081), who were followed for 4 years (2011–2014). Outcomes were all-cause and CVD-related mortality. Predictors used were baseline apoprotein levels, particularly the apoprotein B (apo B)/ apoprotein A-1 (apo A-1) ratio. A Cox regression analysis was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) for mortality. Apo A-1, apo B, and apo B/ apo A-1 ratio were analyzed with adjustments in three models: model 1, basic adjustment for age and sex; model 2, basic adjustments plus dialysis conditions (dialysis vintage, mean predialysis systolic blood pressure, dry weight, and mean intradialytic weight gain); and model 3, model 2 plus metabolic and inflammatory conditions (basal kidney disease, serum albumin, C-reactive protein level, and statin use).

Results

Of the 1081 patients included in the study, 203 deaths were recorded, 92 of which were related to CVD. The apo B/ apo A-1 ratio was significantly associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality when analyzed by 1-SD increments or quartile IV versus I in all models. In model 3, HRs and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for 1-SD increments of apo B/ apo A-1 ratio for all-cause mortality or CVD-related mortality were: HR, 1.16 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.35), or HR, 1.38 (95% CI, 1.11 to 1.71), respectively, and for quartile IV versus I: HR, 1.65 (95% CI, 1.05 to 2.57), or HR, 2.56 (95% CI, 1.21 to 5.40), respectively. Apo A-1 was significantly associated with both mortalities in models 1 and 2. However, apo B was only significantly associated with CVD-related mortality in model 3.

Conclusions

Apoprotein measurement, especially the apo B/ apo A-1 ratio, was significantly associated with all-cause and CVD-related mortality in prevalent dialysis patients.
Bone Disease after Kidney Transplantation
Authors: Bouquegneau Antoine , Salam Syrazah , Delanaye Pierre , Eastell Richard , Khwaja Arif
Published: February 2016

Bone and mineral disorders occur frequently in kidney transplant recipients and are associated with a high risk of fracture, morbidity, and mortality. There is a broad spectrum of often overlapping bone diseases seen after transplantation, including osteoporosis as well as persisting high– or low–turnover bone disease. The pathophysiology underlying bone disorders after transplantation results from a complex interplay of factors, including preexisting renal osteodystrophy and bone loss related to a variety of causes, such as immunosuppression and alterations in the parathyroid hormone-vitamin D-fibroblast growth factor 23 axis as well as changes in mineral metabolism. Management is complex, because noninvasive tools, such as imaging and bone biomarkers, do not have sufficient sensitivity and specificity to detect these abnormalities in bone structure and function, whereas bone biopsy is not a widely available diagnostic tool. In this review, we focus on recent data that highlight improvements in our understanding of the prevalence, pathophysiology, and diagnostic and therapeutic strategies of mineral and bone disorders in kidney transplant recipients.
Type 1 Diabetes and Sleep
Authors: Farabi Sarah S.
Published: February 2016

IN BRIEF In people with type 1 diabetes, sleep may be disrupted as a result of both behavioral and physiological aspects of diabetes and its management. This sleep disruption may negatively affect disease progression and development of complications. This review highlights key research findings regarding sleep in people with type 1 diabetes.
Sleep Apnea in Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Doumit Jimmy , Prasad Bharati
Published: February 2016

IN BRIEF Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) alters glucose metabolism, promotes insulin resistance, and is associated with development of type 2 diabetes. Obesity is a key moderator of the effect of OSA on type 2 diabetes. However, chronic exposure to intermittent hypoxia and other pathophysiological effects of OSA affect glucose metabolism directly, and treatment of OSA can improve glucose homeostasis.
Physiology of Sleep
Authors: Carley David W. , Farabi Sarah S.
Published: February 2016

IN BRIEF Far from a simple absence of wakefulness, sleep is an active, regulated, and metabolically distinct state, essential for health and well-being. In this article, the authors review the fundamental anatomy and physiology of sleep and its regulation, with an eye toward interactions between sleep and metabolism.
The Chinese Herbal Medicine Formula mKG Suppresses Pulmonary Fibrosis of Mice Induced by Bleomycin
Authors: Gao Ying , Yao Li-Fu , Zhao Yang , Wei Li-Man , Guo Peng , Yu Meng , Cao Bo , Li Tan , Chen Hong , Zou Zhong-Mei
Published: February 2016

Pulmonary fibrosis (PF) is a serious progressive lung disease and it originates from inflammation-induced parenchymal injury with excessive extracellular matrix deposition to result in the destruction of the normal lung architecture. Modified Kushen Gancao Formula (mKG), derived from traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has a prominent anti-inflammatory effect. The present study is to explore the inhibitory effects of mKG on bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice. mKG significantly decreased pulmonary alveolitis, fibrosis scores, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-17 (IL-17), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and hydroxyproline (HYP) levels in lung tissue of mice compared with BLM treatment. It markedly alleviated the increase of HYP content in the lung tissues and pathologic changes of pulmonary fibrosis caused by BLM instillation. In conclusion, mKG has an anti-fibrotic effect and might be employed as a therapeutic candidate agent for attenuating pulmonary fibrosis.
Role of miR-222-3p in c-Src-Mediated Regulation of Osteoclastogenesis
Authors: Takigawa Shinya , Chen Andy , Wan Qiaoqiao , Na Sungsoo , Sudo Akihiro , Yokota Hiroki , Hamamura Kazunori
Published: February 2016

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that play a mostly post-transcriptional regulatory role in gene expression. Using RAW264.7 pre-osteoclast cells and genome-wide expression analysis, we identified a set of miRNAs that are involved in osteoclastogenesis. Based on in silico analysis, we specifically focused on miR-222-3p and evaluated its role in osteoclastogenesis. The results show that the inhibitor of miR-222-3p upregulated the mRNA levels of nuclear factor of activated T-cells, cytoplasmic 1 (NFATc1) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), while its mimicking agent downregulated their mRNA levels. Western blot analysis showed that its inhibitor increased the protein levels of TRAP and cathepsin K, while its mimicking agent decreased their levels. Genome-wide mRNA expression analysis in the presence and absence of receptor activator of nuclear factor κ-B ligand (RANKL) predicted c-Src as a potential regulatory target of miR-222-3p. Live cell imaging using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) technique revealed that miR-222-3p acted as an inhibitor of c-Src activity, and a partial silencing of c-Src suppressed RANKL-induced expression of TRAP and cathepsin K, as well as the number of multi-nucleated osteoclasts and their pit formation. Collectively, the study herein demonstrates that miR-222-3p serves as an inhibitor of osteoclastogenesis and c-Src mediates its inhibition of cathepsin K and TRAP.
Synthesis of Ga-Doped ZnO Nanorods by Hydrothermal Method and Their Application to Ultraviolet Photodetector
Authors: Young Sheng-Joue , Chiou Chia-Lin , Liu Yi-Hsing , Ji Liang-Wen
Published: February 2016

In this study, high-density single crystalline Ga-doped ZnO (GZO) nanorods were grown on glass substrate by the hydrothermal method. The structural and optoelectronic properties of Ga-doped ZnO nanorods were studied. The microstructure of the GZO was studied by scanning electrical microscope (SEM). The structural characteristics of the GZO were measured by X-ray diffraction (XRD). It was found that the peaks related to the wurtzite structure ZnO (100), (002), and (101) diffraction peaks. The (002) peak indicates that the nanorods were preferentially oriented in the c-axis direction. The existence of Ga was examined by energy diffraction spectra (EDS), indicating the Ga atom entered into the ZnO lattice. The optical properties of the GZO were measured by photoluminescence spectra. It was found that all GZO nanorod arrays showed two different emissions, including UV (ultraviolet) and green emissions. GZO nanorod metal-semiconductor-metal (MSM) ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors (PD) were also fabricated. The photo-current and dark-current constant ratio of the fabricated PD was approximately 15.2 when biased at 1 V.
Bidirectional Haptic Communication: Application to the Teaching and Improvement of Handwriting Capabilities
Authors: Pedemonte Nicolò , Laliberté Thierry , Gosselin Clément
Published: February 2016

The objective of this work is to study the relevance of haptic feedback in remote communication between people. The application is handwriting. A haptic device designed to help people to improve their writing skills is presented. Two experimental sessions are then proposed to a group of people. In the first test, two subjects communicate through a bilateral system by means of a haptic feedback to accomplish the task. Secondly, a blank test is performed. The results of the two tests are compared and analyzed in order to evaluate the importance of the haptic feedback in the context of collaboration between two people.
Comparison of Properties among Dendritic and Hyperbranched Poly(ether ether ketone)s and Linear Poly(ether ketone)s
Authors: Morikawa Atsushi
Published: February 2016

Poly(ether ether ketone) dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers were prepared from 3,5-dimethoxy-4′-(4-fluorobenzoyl)diphenyl ether and 3,5-dihydroxy-4′-(4-fluorobenzoyl)diphenyl ether through aromatic nucleophilic substitution reactions. 1-(tert-Butyldimethylsiloxy)-3,5-bis(4-fluorobenzoyl)benzene was polycondensed with bisphenols, followed by cleavage of the protective group to form linear poly(ether ketone)s having the same hydroxyl groups in the side chains as the chain ends of the dendrimer and hyperbranched polymers. Their properties, such as solubilities, reduced viscosities, and thermal properties, were compared with one another. Similar comparisons were also carried out among the corresponding methoxy group polymers, and the size of the molecules was shown to affect the properties.
Focus on Chirality of HIV-1 Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
Authors: Famiglini Valeria , Silvestri Romano
Published: February 2016

Chiral HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) are of great interest since one enantiomer is often more potent than the corresponding counterpart against the HIV-1 wild type (WT) and the HIV-1 drug resistant mutant strains. This review exemplifies the various studies made to investigate the effect of chirality on the antiretroviral activity of top HIV-1 NNRTI compounds, such as nevirapine (NVP), efavirenz (EFV), alkynyl- and alkenylquinazolinone DuPont compounds (DPC), diarylpyrimidine (DAPY), dihydroalkyloxybenzyloxopyrimidine (DABO), phenethylthiazolylthiourea (PETT), indolylarylsulfone (IAS), arylphosphoindole (API) and trifluoromethylated indole (TFMI) The chiral separation, the enantiosynthesis, along with the biological properties of these HIV-1 NNRTIs, are discussed.
Assessing the Effects of Suomi NPP VIIRS M15/M16 Detector Radiometric Stability and Relative Spectral Response Variation on Striping
Authors: Wang Zhuo , Cao Changyong
Published: February 2016

Modern satellite radiometers have many detectors with different relative spectral response (RSR). Effect of RSR differences on striping and the root cause of striping in sensor data record (SDR) radiance and brightness temperature products have not been well studied. A previous study used MODTRAN radiative transfer model (RTM) to analyze striping. In this study, we make efforts to find the possible root causes of striping. Line-by-Line RTM (LBLRTM) is used to evaluate the effect of RSR difference on striping and the atmospheric dependency for VIIRS bands M15 and M16. The results show that previous study using MODTRAN is repeatable: the striping is related to the difference between band-averaged and detector-level RSR, and the BT difference has some atmospheric dependency. We also analyzed VIIRS earth view (EV) data with several striping index methods. Since the EV data is complex, we further analyze the onboard calibration data. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test shows that the noise along track direction is the major reason for striping. We also found evidence of correlation between solar diffuser (SD) and blackbody (BB) for detector 1 in M15. Digital Count Restoration (DCR) and detector instability are possibly related to the striping in SD and EV data, but further analysis is needed. These findings can potentially lead to further SDR processing improvements.
The Combined Use of Airborne Remote Sensing Techniques within a GIS Environment for the Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Urban Areas: An Operational Application
Authors: Costanzo Antonio , Montuori Antonio , Silva Juan , Silvestri Malvina , Musacchio Massimo , Doumaz Fawzi , Stramondo Salvatore , Buongiorno Maria
Published: February 2016

The knowledge of the topographic features, the building properties, and the road infrastructure settings are relevant operational tasks for managing post-crisis events, restoration activities, and for supporting search and rescue operations. Within such a framework, airborne remote sensing tools have demonstrated to be powerful instruments, whose joint use can provide meaningful analyses to support the risk assessment of urban environments. Based on this rationale, in this study, the operational benefits obtained by combining airborne LiDAR and hyperspectral measurements are shown. Terrain and surface digital models are gathered by using LiDAR data. Information about roads and roof materials are provided through the supervised classification of hyperspectral images. The objective is to combine such products within a geographic information system (GIS) providing value-added maps to be used for the seismic vulnerability assessment of urban environments. Experimental results are gathered for the city of Cosenza, Italy.