bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anti-Leukemic Activity of Shikonin: Role of ERP57 in Shikonin Induced Apoptosis in Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Trivedi Rachana , Müller Gerhard A. , Rathore Manohar S. , Mishra Durga P. , Dihazi Hassan
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: ER-Stress and activation of unfolded protein response belong to the major factors involved in chemoresistance in cancer cells. In this study we investigated the effect of shikonin on the survival of acute myeloid leukemia cells and the role of ER-stress protein ERP57, a protein disulfide isomerase, in improvement of chemotherapy. Methods: Using MTT assay we studied cytotoxic effects of shikonin on HL-60 cells. The flow cytometry was adopted to examine the shikonin induced mode of cell death in HL-60 cells. The overall protein expression alteration resulting from shikonin treatment was investigated using proteomics methods. Western blotting was performed to quantify the alteration in protein expression in HL-60 after shikonin treatment. Silencing and overexpression studies were carried out to highlight the therapeutic role of ERP57 in shikonin effect on AML cells. Results: Shikonin induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells without significant effect on Primary cells from healthy volunteers. The apoptotic effect was dose and time dependent and was accompanied by strong alteration in cell proteome. Among the proteins targeted by shikonin, ERP57 was significantly downregulated in HL-60 after treatment. Compared to healthy control ERP57 was found to be highly expressed in AML cell line HL60 and was downregulated after shikonin treatment. Overexpression of ERP57 protected HL-60 from shikonin induced apoptosis, whereas knockdown of ERP57 expression resulted in increase in shikonin induced apoptosis. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ERP57 plays a crucial role in resistance towards shikonin induced apoptosis in AML cells. Targeting of ERP57 might offer a new therapeutic option for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia.
MicroRNA-149 Increases the Sensitivity of Colorectal Cancer Cells to 5-Fluorouracil by Targeting Forkhead Box Transcription Factor FOXM1
Authors: Liu Xiaobei , Xie Tao , Mao Xiaobei , Xue Lijun , Chu Xiaoyuan , Chen Longbang
Published: July 2016

Background/Aims: Previously, we have shown that microRNA (miR)-149 suppresses the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells by targeting forkhead box transcription factor (FOXM1). However, the roles of miR-149 in the chemoresistance of CRC cells to 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether miR-149 targets FOXM1 to regulate the 5-FU resistance of CRC. Methods: The qRT-PCR assay was performed to detect the expression of miR-149 in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells (HCT-8/5-FU and LoVo/5-FU) and their parental CRC cells (HCT-8 and LoVo). Also, the effects of miR-149 expression on the sensitivity of CRC cells to 5-FU were determined by gain- and loss-of-function assays. Finally, whether miR-149 regulates the 5-FU resistance of CRC cells by targeting the mammalian Forkhead Box M1 (FOXM1) was investigated. Results: The expression of miR-149 was significantly downregulated in 5-FU-resistant CRC cells in comparison with their parental CRC cells. Re-expression of miR-149 could enhance the 5-FU sensitivity of 5-FU-resistant CRC cells by increasing 5-FU-inducing apoptosis, while downregulation of miR-149 could decrease the 5-FU sensitivity of parental CRC cells by decreasing 5-FU-inducing apoptosis. In addition, the luciferase assay indicated that miR-149 could bind to the 3'-UTR sequence of FOXM1 mRNA. The silencing of FOXM1 could mimic the effect of miR-149 upregulation on the 5-FU resistance of 5-FU-resistant CRC cells. Furthermore, the expression of miR-149 in the 5-FU-responding CRC tissues was significantly higher than that in the non-responding tissues and inversely correlated with FOXM1 mRNA level. Conclusions: MiR-149 reverses the resistance of CRC cells to 5-FU by directly targeting FOXM1. Thus, targeting miR-149/FOXM1 signaling will be a potential strategy in the treatment of 5-FU-chemoresistant CRC.
The Fatty Kidney: Obesity and Renal Disease
Authors: Praga Manuel , Morales Enrique
Published: July 2016

Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is characterized by glomerulomegaly accompanied in many patients by lesions of focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis. Slowly increasing subnephrotic proteinuria is the commonest presentation of ORG. Occasionally, massive proteinuria (>5-10 g/day) is detected, but the typical findings of nephrotic syndrome are characteristically absent even in patients with massive proteinuria. Superimposed obesity can fuel the progression of other renal diseases, and a reduced number of functioning nephrons (of congenital or acquired causes) synergizes with obesity to induce end-stage renal disease. Weight loss, either induced by diet or bariatric surgery, and renin-angiotensin blockers are effective treatments to slow progression, but a significant proportion of cases will develop end-stage renal disease.
South Italy: A Privileged Perspective to Understand the Relationship between Hidradenitis Suppurativa and Overweight/Obesity
Authors: Fabbrocini Gabriella , De Vita Valerio , Donnarumma Marianna , Russo Giuseppe , Monfrecola Giuseppe
Published: July 2016

Background: Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that involves the terminal hair follicles of apocrine gland-bearing skin areas. Objective: To evaluate the relationship between HS and systemic medical conditions, such as overweight/obesity during adolescence. Methods: Epidemiologic data was collected from January 2014 up to December 2015 from 27 patients affected by HS, outpatients of the Dermatology Department of University of Naples Federico II, to examine the correlation between HS and overweight/obesity. Results: 70.4% of the patients were female and 29.6% were male. The mean age at onset of the disease was 18.1 ± 5.99 years, while the mean age at first diagnosis by the physician was 21.77 ± 6.61 years. A mean Sartorius score of 50.26 ± 21.75 was registered. Body mass index of HS patients was positively correlated with Sartorius score. Conclusion: Our study underlines the fact that particular attention to metabolic alteration in adolescence can lead to a correct diagnosis with less delay in HS.
Recurrence of Hyperoxaluria and Kidney Disease after Combined Intestine-Kidney Transplantation for Enteric Hyperoxaluria
Authors: Ekser Burcin , Mangus Richard S. , Kubal Chandrashekhar A. , Fridell Jonathan A. , Powelson John A. , Nagaraju Santosh , Mihaylov Plamen , Phillips Carrie L. , Saxena Romil , Goggins William C.
Published: July 2016

Background: Enteric hyperoxaluria (EH) occurs with a rate of 5-24% in patients with inflammatory bowel disease, ileal resection and modern bariatric surgery. The excessive absorption of calcium oxalate causes chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with EH. In the literature, a single experience was reported in combined intestine-kidney transplantation (CIKTx) in patients with CKD due to EH. Methods: After a report of 2 successful cases of CIKTx in patients with EH and CKD, one was performed at our center in a 59-year-old Caucasian female who developed intestinal failure with total parenteral nutrition (TPN) dependence after a complication post-bariatric surgery. Before CIKTx, she underwent kidney transplantation alone (KTA) twice, which failed due to oxalate nephropathy. Results: In July 2014, the patient underwent CIKTx and bilateral allograft nephrectomy to avoid EH and oxalate stone burden. The postoperative course was complicated with acute tubular necrosis due to the use of high pressors related to perioperative bleeding. The patient was discharged 79 days after CIKTx with a serum creatinine (sCr) of 1.2 mg/dl and free of TPN. Her sCr increased at 7 months and a renal biopsy showed oxalate nephropathy. SLC26A6 (oxalate transporter) staining was significantly diminished in native duodenum/rectum as well as in intestinal allograft compared to control. Conclusions: KTA in patients with CKD secondary to EH should not be recommended due to high risk of recurrence. Although other centers showed good long-term outcomes in CIKTx, our patient experienced recurrence of EH due to oxalate transporter defect, early kidney allograft dysfunction and prolonged antibiotic use.
New Concept of the Encapsulated Follicular Variant of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma and Its Impact on the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology: A Single-Institute Experience
Authors: Canberk Sule , Gunes Pembegul , Onenerk Mine , Erkan Murat , Kilinc Emine , Kocak Gursan Nilufer , Kilicoglu Gamze Z.
Published: July 2016

Background: The encapsulated follicular variant (EFV) of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is the most discussed entity in thyroid pathology. Recently, the question of whether or not EFV-PTC is a malignant entity has been the subject of renewed discussion in the light of recent molecular and clinical studies. The aim of this study was to analyze the malignancy ratios of each category of the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology (TBSRTC) if EFV-PTC is no longer considered as a malignant entity. Materials and Methods: Data on thyroid fine-needle aspirations (n = 1,886) with surgical follow-up between 1999 and 2014 were studied. EFV-PTC cases constituted 27% (94/343) of the malignant cases. Results: Malignancy ratios were determined as nondiagnostic, benign, atypia/follicular lesion of undetermined significance, suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm, suspicious for malignancy, and malignant categories of the TBSRTC in 13, 7, 45, 30, 72 and 98%, respectively. If EFV-PTC was not regarded as malignant, malignancy ratios would decrease to 6.5, 6, 30, 10, 48, and 87% for each category in the same order. Conclusions: The current study showed that the most significant decrease in relative malignancy ratios was seen in the suspicious for follicular neoplasm/follicular neoplasm category (66% relative decrease), but all categories represented a considerable decrease.
Treatment of acute pulmonary embolism with dabigatran versus warfarin
Authors: Schellong Sebastian , Kakkar Ajay , Eriksson Henry , Feuring Martin , Kreuzer Joerg , Fraessdorf Mandy , Schulman Sam , Goldhaber Samuel Z.
Published: July 2016

Dabigatran was non-inferior to warfarin for prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE), and dabigatran had a lower rate of bleeding compared with warfarin in two large-scale randomised trials, RE-COVER and RE-COVER II. In this study, we investigate the efficacy and safety of dabigatran versus warfarin according to the index event that qualified the patient for enrollment, either symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) with or without deep-vein thrombosis (DVT), or DVT alone. We then analyse the anticoagulant effect of dabigatran vs warfarin on patients enrolled with PE. The pooled dataset for the efficacy analysis consisted of 2553 and 2554 patients who were randomised to dabigatran and warfarin, respectively. Recurrent VTE/VTE-related death during the study period and additional 30-day follow-up occurred in 2.7 % of all patients on dabigatran and in 2.4 % on warfarin (hazard ratio [HR] 1.09 [95 % confidence interval 0.77, 1.54]). In patients with PE as their index event, recurrent VTE/VTE-related death occurred in 2.9 % vs 3.1 % of patients (HR 0.93 [0.53, 1.64]). There were significantly fewer major bleeding events in patients treated with dabigatran than with warfarin (HR 0.60 [0.36, 0.99]). The pattern was similar both in patients with PE and in those with DVT alone as the index event. These analyses of the pooled dataset from the RECOVER and RE-COVER II trials indicate that dabigatran is as effective as warfarin in preventing recurrent VTE, regardless of whether patients present with symptomatic PE (with or without DVT) or with symptomatic DVT alone. Dabigatran was also associated with a lower risk of bleeding than warfarin, regardless of the index event.
Right Atrial Approach for Ablation of Ventricular Arrhythmias Arising From the Left Posterior–Superior Process of the Left Ventricle
Authors: Santangeli Pasquale , Hutchinson Mathew D. , Supple Gregory E. , Callans David J. , Marchlinski Francis E. , Garcia Fermin C.
Published: July 2016

Background—

The posterior–superior process of the left ventricle (PSP-LV) is the most inferior and posterior aspect of the basal LV that extends posteriorly to the plane of the tricuspid valve. The PSP-LV is anatomically adjacent to the inferior and medial aspect of the right atrium (RA). We report a series of patients with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) arising from the PSP-LV and describe a mapping and ablation approach from the RA guided by intracardiac echocardiography.

Methods and Results—

Mapping and ablation of the PSP-LV with an RA approach under intracardiac echocardiography guidance were performed in 5 patients with VAs (aged 44±14 years, 2 males) who had failed ablation attempts from multiple endocardial and epicardial (1 patient) sites. Mapping of the PSP-LV from the adjacent inferomedial RA was performed at sites anatomically opposite to the earliest endocardial site of activation under direct intracardiac echocardiography visualization. From the RA side of the PSP-LV, a small atrial signal and a larger ventricular signal were recorded in each case, with an activation time of 32±7 ms pre-QRS (versus 16±5 ms pre-QRS in the LV endocardium;
P
=0.068). We were able to capture the LV from these sites. Cryoablation was performed in 2 patients, and radiofrequency was used in the remaining 3 cases. In all patients, ablation from the RA eliminated the arrhythmia. All patients remained free of recurrent VAs after a mean follow-up of 12 (7–16) months. There were no immediate or long-term complications.

Conclusions—

The PSP-LV can be a site of origin of VAs, which can be successfully eliminated from the adjacent RA under direct intracardiac echocardiographic visualization.
Marijuana and Listing for Heart Transplant
Authors: Neyer Jonathan , Uberoi Abhimanyu , Hamilton Michele , Kobashigawa Jon A.
Published: July 2016

Background—

There is no consensus within the heart transplant community about whether patients who use marijuana should be eligible for transplant listing, but several states have passed legislation prohibiting marijuana-using patients from being denied transplant listing based on their use of the substance.

Methods and Results—

We conducted an independent, voluntary, web-based survey of heart and lung transplant providers to assess current practice patterns and attitudes toward marijuana use in patients with advanced heart failure being considered for transplant. A total of 360 heart transplant providers responded from 26 countries. Nearly two thirds of respondents (n=222, 64.4%) supported listing patients with advanced, end-stage heart failure for transplant who use legal medical marijuana. Significantly, fewer respondents (n=96, 27.5%) supported transplant listing for patients using legal recreational marijuana. The majority of providers currently make patients eligible for transplantation after a period of abstinence from marijuana (n=241, 68.3%). There were no differences between the proportion of respondents supporting transplant listing after stratification by profession or country/region. Most (78.4%) survey respondents from states with laws prohibiting marijuana-using patients from being denied transplant listing reported denying all marijuana-using patients or mandating abstinence before transplant listing.

Conclusions—

The majority of heart and lung transplant providers in our study sample supports the listing of patients who use medical marijuana for transplant after a period of abstinence. Communication and collaboration between the medical community and legislative groups about marijuana use in transplant candidates is needed to ensure the best patient outcomes with the use of scarce donor organs.
Randomized Comparison of a Biodegradable Polymer Ultrathin Strut Sirolimus-Eluting Stent With a Biodegradable Polymer Biolimus-Eluting Stent in Patients Treated With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Authors: Jensen Lisette Okkels , Thayssen Per , Maeng Michael , Ravkilde Jan , Krusell Lars Romer , Raungaard Bent , Junker Anders , Terkelsen Christian Juhl , Veien Karsten Tange , Villadsen Anton Boel , Kaltoft Anne , Tilsted Hans-Henrik , Hansen Knud Nørregaard , Aaroe Jens , Kristensen Steen Dalby , Hansen Henrik Steen , Jensen Svend Eggert , Madsen Morten , Bøtker Hans Erik , Berencsi Klára , Lassen Jens Flensted , Christiansen Evald Høj
Published: July 2016

Background—

Coronary drug-eluting stents with biodegradable polymers have been designed to improve safety and efficacy.

Methods and Results—

The Scandinavian Organization for Randomized Trials With Clinical Outcome (SORT OUT) VII trial—a large-scale registry-based randomized, multicenter, single-blind, 2-arm, noninferiority trial—compared 2 biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents: the thin-strut cobalt–chromium sirolimus-eluting Orsiro stent and the stainless steel biolimus-eluting Nobori stent in an all-comer patient population. The primary end point target lesion failure was a composite of cardiac death, myocardial infarction (not related to other than index lesion), or target lesion revascularization within 1 year, analyzed by intention to treat (noninferiority margin of 3.0%). Clinically driven event detection based on Danish registries was used. A total of 1261 patients were assigned to receive the sirolimus-eluting stent (1590 lesions) and 1264 patients to the biolimus-eluting stent (1588 lesions). At 1 year, the composite end point target lesion failure occurred in 48 patients (3.8%) in the sirolimus-eluting group and in 58 patients (4.6%) in the biolimus-eluting group (absolute risk difference, −0.78% [upper limit of 1-sided 95% confidence interval, 0.61%];
P
<0.0001). Rates of definite stent thrombosis occurred in 5 (0.4%) of the sirolimus-eluting group compared with 15 (1.2%) biolimus-eluting stent–treated patients (rate ratio, 0.33; 95% confidence interval, 0.12–0.92;
P
=0.034), which largely was attributable to a lower risk of subacute definite stent thrombosis: 0.1% versus 0.6% (rate ratio, 0.12; 95% confidence interval, 0.02–1.00;
P
=0.05).

Conclusions—

The thin-strut sirolimus-eluting Orsiro stent was noninferior to the biolimus-eluting Nobori stent in unselected patients for target lesion failure at 1 year.

Clinical Trial Registration—

URL:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier: NCT01879358.
Glibenclamide Is Comparable to Target Temperature Management in Improving Survival and Neurological Outcome After Asphyxial Cardiac Arrest in Rats
Authors: Huang Kaibin , Wang Ziyue , Gu Yong , Hu Yafang , Ji Zhong , Wang Shengnan , Lin Zhenzhou , Li Xing , Xie Zuoshan , Pan Suyue
Published: July 2016

Background

We previously have shown that glibenclamide (
GBC
), a sulfonylurea receptor 1–transient receptor potential M4 (
SUR
1‐
TRPM
4) channel inhibitor, improves survival and neurological outcome after asphyxial cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (
ACA
/
CPR
). Here, we further compare the efficacy of
GBC
with target temperature management (
TTM
) and determine whether the efficacy of
GBC
is affected by
TTM
.

Methods and Results

Male Sprague‐Dawley rats (n=213) subjected to 10‐minute
ACA
/
CPR
were randomized to 4 groups after return of spontaneous circulation (
ROSC
): normothermia control (
NT
);
GBC
;
TTM
; and
TTM
+
GBC
. Survival, neurodeficit scores, histological injury, as well as the expressions of
SUR
1 and
TRPM
4 were evaluated. The 7‐day survival rate was 34.4% (11 of 32) in the
NT
group, 65% (13 of 20) in the
GBC
group, 50% (10 of 20) in the
TTM
group, and 70% (14 of 20) in the
TTM
+
GBC
group. Rats that received either
GBC
,
TTM
alone, or in combination showed less neurological deficit than
NT
control at 24, 48, and 72 hours and 7 days after
ROSC
. Moreover,
TTM
or
GBC
ameliorated neuronal degeneration and glial activation in the hippocampal
CA
1 region with similar efficacy, whereas the combination of them had a trend toward better effect. The subunits of
SUR
1‐
TRPM
4 heterodimers were both strongly upregulated after
ACA
/
CPR
and expressed in multiple types of brain cells, but partly suppressed by
TTM
.

Conclusions

GBC
is comparable to
TTM
in improving survival and neurological outcome after
ACA
/
CPR
. When
GBC
is given along with
TTM
, less histological injury tended to be achieved.
Obesity Is Associated With Progression of Atherosclerosis During Statin Treatment
Authors: Sandfort Veit , Lai Shenghan , Ahlman Mark A. , Mallek Marissa , Liu Songtao , Sibley Christopher T. , Turkbey Evrim B. , Lima João A. C. , Bluemke David A.
Published: July 2016

Background

This study aimed to determine the relationship of statin therapy and cardiovascular risk factors to changes in atherosclerosis in the carotid artery.

Methods and Results

Carotid magnetic resonance imaging was used to evaluate 106 hyperlipidemic participants at baseline and after 12 months of 3‐hydroxy‐3‐methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitor (statin) treatment. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with progression (change in carotid wall volume >0) or regression (change ≤0) of carotid atherosclerosis. Computed tomography coronary calcium scores were obtained at baseline for all participants. The median age was 65 years (interquartile range 60–69 years), and 63% of the participants were male. Body mass index >30, elevated C‐reactive protein, and hypertension were associated with increased carotid wall volume (obesity: odds ratio for progression 4.6, 95%
CI
1.8–12.4,
P
<0.01; C‐reactive protein: odds ratio for progression 2.56, 95%
CI
1.17–5.73,
P
=0.02; hypertension: odds ratio 2.4, 95%
CI
1.1–5.3,
P
<0.05). Higher statin dose was associated with regression of carotid wall volume (
P
<0.05). In multivariable analysis, obesity remained associated with progression (
P
<0.01), whereas statin use remained associated with regression (
P
<0.05). Change in atheroma volume in obese participants was +4.8% versus −4.2% in nonobese participants (
P
<0.05) despite greater low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction in obese participants.

Conclusions

In a population with hyperlipidemia, obese patients showed atheroma progression despite optimized statin therapy.

Clinical Trial Registration

URL
:
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov
. Unique identifier:
NCT
01212900.
Balitora chipkali, a new species of stone loach (Teleostei: Balitoridae) from the northern Western Ghats of India, with a note on the distribution of B. laticauda
Authors: KUMKAR PRADEEP , KATWATE UNMESH , RAGHAVAN RAJEEV , DAHANUKAR NEELESH
Published: July 2016

Balitora chipkali, a new species of stone loach, is described from the westward-flowing Astoli tributary of the Kali River system in the northern part of the Western Ghats, India. The species differs from its congeners in a combination of characters that includes: a single pair of maxillary barbels; a large eye, of diameter greater than 15% head length (HL); snout length less than 4 times eye diameter; gape of mouth less than 30% HL; upper lip with 9–12 papillae in first series and 3–8 papillae in second series; flattened body, of depth less than 15% standard length; caudal-peduncle length less than three times its depth, 66–68 lateral line scales, 11 caudal vertebrae excluding compound centrum, third infraorbital sensory canal tube straight; and a distinct color pattern with almost round 7 dorsal saddles not reaching lateral irregular crossbar markings. Balitora chipkali forms a monophyletic group with B. laticauda as its sister taxon in a phylogeny based on a concatenated cytochrome b (Cytb) and cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene fragments. Raw genetic distance between B. chipkali and B. laticauda was 1.9–2.2% based on COI and 3.4–4.3% based on Cytb partial gene sequences, which was far more than the intra-species variation in widely separated populations of B. laticauda. Based on molecular and morphological analysis, we also provide new locality records for B. laticauda and delimit its distribution to eastward-flowing tributaries of the Krishna River system in the northern Western Ghats.
Synthesis of TiO2&SiO2 nanoparticles as efficient UV absorbers and their application on wool
Authors: Zhang Mingwen , Xie Wanjie , Tang Bin , Sun Lu , Wang Xungai
Published: July 2016

Uniform core-shell structured TiO2&SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by synthesizing TiO2 NPs, which were then coated with shells of SiO2. The structure and optical properties of TiO2&SiO2 NPs were characterized with a transmission electron microscope and a UV/Vis spectrophotometer. The photocatalysis was evaluated by photodegradation of rhodamine B. TiO2&SiO2 NPs were coated onto wool fabrics to improve their photostability. The treated wool fabrics were characterized using scanning electron microscopy. Photoyellowing of treated wool fabrics after exposure to simulated sunlight was evaluated using a Datacolor Spectraflash spectrophotometer. At an application level of 5% o.w.f. of the composite nanoparticles, the treated wool fabrics exhibited considerable photostability. Polydimethylsiloxane was applied as an after-treatment, which provides good fastness to washing. This simple but effective coating could be useful for the development of UV protection methods for various substrates.
Defences that Disable and Enable the Group: Contempt
Authors: Czech Dennis
Published: July 2016

Contempt acts as one of a range of group defences against unbearable feelings. It can disable the group’s potential to communicate meaning to each other. If experiences of contempt can be understood and worked within the group, they can serve a developmental function, enabling the group to mature, develop greater trust and intimacy, and explore shared meanings with each other. Three interconnected clinical episodes of contempt are offered as illustration, structured as prequel, central episode and sequel.
A comparative review of policy and practice for education for sustainable development/education for global citizenship (ESD/GC) in teacher education across the four nations of the UK
Authors: Bamber Philip , Bullivant Andrea , Glover Alison , King Betsy , McCann Gerard
Published: July 2016

The early 21st century has seen a period of extreme turbulence in education at all levels in the UK. Although education policy was administrated on a territorial basis before 1999, the 1998–1999 devolution settlement has amplified the complexity of education policy and practice across England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. Through a comparative review of teacher education across the four nations, this article will highlight aspects of divergence and convergence of policy and practice with a particular focus on education for sustainable development/education for global citizenship (ESD/GC). The implications for ESD/GC will be considered in relation to statutory teaching standards/competencies, values and ideologies, curriculum and pedagogy, and the role of the third sector. This discussion will identify opportunities and challenges facing ESD/GC in teacher education across the four nations.
Material removal rate for nanocomposite ceramics in ultrasound-aided electrolytic in process dressing
Authors: Chen Fan , Zhao Bo , Jia Xiaofeng , Wang Xiaobo
Published: July 2016

Nanocomposite ceramics possess beneficial mechanical and physical characteristics over traditional engineering ceramics; however, there is currently no effective method of machining nanocomposites ceramics. This paper proposes a new ultrasound-aided electrolytic in-process dressing machining method. There are many factors influencing the material removal rate in the ultrasound-aided electrolytic in-process dressing grinding. In order to optimize the processing parameters and guide practice, the material removal models are developed to simulate the material removal process based on ductile failure and brittle rupture models, and the influence of grinding parameters on material removal rates is obtained. With the model, the influence of grinding parameters on the material removal rate is analyzed by MATLAB. The analysis results are verified by the ultrasound-aided electrolytic in-process dressing grinding test: the material removal rate increases with the increase of grinding parameters; depth of cut significantly improves material removal rate, followed by axial feeding speed, wheel speed, and workpiece speed that are less important; considering the comprehensive processing effect, depth of cut is the key parameter with the optimal setting at about 3.73 µm. The ultrasound-aided electrolytic in-process dressing grinding test not only proves the reliability of the model, but also proves that the ultrasound-aided electrolytic in-process dressing grinding can improve the ductile machining effect, when compared to electrolytic in-process dressing grinding, which is suitable for mirror machining of the nanocomposite materials.
Wear performance of bionic strip-shaped mud pump pistons
Authors: Cheng XJ , Ru SF , Sun YW , Cong Q
Published: July 2016

The service life of mud pump pistons may be extended by imitating the body surface morphology of earthworms. To achieve this solution, bionic strip structures of various sizes are processed on the working surface of a BW-160 mud pump piston. The service lives of standard and bionic pistons are compared under experimental conditions. Results show that the bionic strip structure clearly improves the service life of mud pump pistons. The influence of the width of a bionic piston strip is greater than that of strip spacing. The bionic strip should not be too small or large because size could have negligible or deleterious effects on service life, respectively. The optimal structure parameters of a bionic strip piston when the optimal contact area between the piston and the cylinder liner is 73.5% are a strip width of 3 mm, strip spacing of 3 mm, and strip number of 3. These parameters improve piston service life by 81.5%. Finite element analysis simulations of wear demonstrate that the bionic strip can change the stress state on the working surface of the piston, increase lubricant storage space, improve the wear resistance of the piston, reduce extrusion injuries on the root, and prolong piston service life.
Predicting critical speeds in various rotordynamics problems
Authors: Plaut Raymond H , Virgin Lawrence N , Knight Josiah D
Published: July 2016

Rotating shafts often experience undesirable large-amplitude whirling oscillations associated with resonance at critical speeds. This paper further develops a nondestructive technique in which measured information about the growing nature of the response is used to predict an incipient critical speed. A number of models of varying degrees of sophistication are developed and tested using the new approach, but the main advantage of the method is that it is model-free and thus possesses considerable practical utility. In addition, further experimental results are presented for the case of two disks mounted on a shaft, and the technique is successfully demonstrated in predicting a critical speed associated with a higher mode.
Insults, humour and freedom of speech
Authors: Hietalahti Jarno , Hirvonen Onni , Toivanen Juhana , Vaaja Tero
Published: July 2016

In this article we argue that freedom of speech should be understood as a social freedom. In the public discussion after the Charlie Hebdo attacks, it has often been understood as an absolute right to say anything – to offend, to make a fool of others and of oneself, and to express any opinion regardless of the consequences. We challenge this view and propose that advocating freedom of speech without understanding its social foundations is misleading and counterproductive. Based on the critical social theories of Erich Fromm, Charles Taylor and Axel Honneth, we show that there is an alternative tradition in which freedom is fundamentally rooted in social relations and therefore requires respect for others. We argue that interpreting freedom of speech as a social freedom avoids some of the problems apparent in current discussions. In addition, our position has significant practical consequences on how humour and insults should be understood.
Freedom of thought in the aftermath of the Charlie Hebdo attacks
Authors: Kiwan Nadia
Published: July 2016

The terrorist atrocities perpetrated against the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo on 7 January 2015 led to a national and international outpouring of anger and solidarity with the victims. This solidarity came to be expressed most clearly via the social media hashtag #JeSuisCharlie which spread across networks such as Facebook and Twitter in the hours and days after the shootings. In the first part of this article, I explore how the ‘Je suis Charlie’ slogan was not universally accepted, and how it was problematic for individuals to express themselves if they condemned the terrorist attacks but did not want to proclaim ‘Je suis Charlie’. The second and main part of the article will focus in particular on the freedom of thought of certain intellectuals, whose voices have arguably been sidelined and discredited in the wake of the attacks because their analysis of events did not correspond to the logic of the ‘Je suis Charlie’ response.
In the heat of the moment: Bringing ‘Je suis Charlie’ into focus
Authors: Klug Brian
Published: July 2016

In the immediate aftermath of the murderous attack on the offices of Charlie Hebdo, millions of people rallied round the slogan ‘Je suis Charlie’. The slogan conveyed a simple message: either you are in favour of free speech and the right to offend or you are against. This essay offers a critique of the slogan and its message. The first part raises and discusses the problem of framing: what, fundamentally, was the Paris attack about? The middle section discusses a blog that I posted at the time, also written in the heat of the moment. This segues into the third and final part, which examines the language of rights, freedom of expression and the meaning of the word ‘offend’. The conclusion drawn is that the slogan ‘Je suis Charlie’ is an obstacle to thinking through the issues raised by the Paris attack.
The Health of Women and Children After Surviving Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Ragavan Maya , Bruce Janine , Lucha Sarah , Jayaraman Tanvi , Stein Harise , Chamberlain Lisa
Published: July 2016

Few studies have explored the perspectives of survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) regarding their health and their children’s health, their experiences accessing and utilizing health care, and health initiatives that would best serve their families’ needs. We facilitated focus groups with female IPV survivors and adolescents who witnessed IPV. Women described their health and their children’s health as poor and reported challenges with health care utilization, whereas teenagers generally perceived their health as typical for their age. Participants requested health education workshops, community resources, and social support. This study lays the foundation for further research and the development of health initiatives.
Effects of high hydrostatic pressure and thermal processing on bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and volatile profile of mulberry juice
Authors: Wang Fan , Du Bao-Lei , Cui Zheng-Wei , Xu Li-Ping , Li Chun-Yang
Published: July 2016

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of high hydrostatic pressure and thermal processing on microbiological quality, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity, and volatile profile of mulberry juice. High hydrostatic pressure processing at 500 MPa for 10 min reduced the total viable count from 4.38 log cfu/ml to nondetectable level and completely inactivated yeasts and molds in raw mulberry juice, ensuring the microbiological safety as thermal processing at 85 ℃ for 15 min. High hydrostatic pressure processing maintained significantly (p < 0.05) higher contents of total phenolic, total flavonoid and resveratrol, and antioxidant activity of mulberry juice than thermal processing. The main volatile compounds of mulberry juice were aldehydes, alcohols, and ketones. High hydrostatic pressure processing enhanced the volatile compound concentrations of mulberry juice while thermal processing reduced them in comparison with the control. These results suggested that high hydrostatic pressure processing could be an alternative to conventional thermal processing for production of high-quality mulberry juice.
Pathways to Early Breast and Cervical Detection for Chinese American Women
Authors: Lee Marion , Lee Florence , Stewart Susan
Published: July 2016

The authors used telephone interviews to investigate the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and practices regarding breast and cervical cancer screening among 775 Chinese American women in San Francisco. The rates of ever had a mammogram, ever had a clinical breast examination, and ever examined one's breasts among women aged 40 and older were 70%, 75% and 70%, respectively. The rates of ever had a Pap smear and ever had a pelvic examination were 67% and 85%, respectively. However, the rates of having had these cancer screening tests at regular intervals were much lower (25% for mammograms, 37% for Pap smears). Ability to speak English and insurance status were significantly associated with breast and cervical cancer screening knowledge and practices. Further analysis of the data, together with the data collected from a survey on physicians serving this population, will provide a basis for future interventions.
Modeling and prediction of fatigue life in composite materials by using singular value decomposition method
Authors: Babaei Hashem , Mirzababaie Mostofi Tohid
Published: July 2016

Proposing a comprehensive model to predict the fatigue life of composite structures under dynamic loading has always been a challenging problem. In this study, an attempt has been made to develop a polynomial model by utilization of experimental data together with singular value decomposition technique to estimate the fatigue life of composite materials. The model is based on a nonlinear mathematical function with effective parameters related to fatigue phenomenon in a nondimensional form. For this, four effective parameters such as cyclic stress amplitude, static strength, stress ratio, and fiber angle have been considered in modeling process. To evaluate the capability of this model a comparison has been made with some available experimental results where a good agreement is achieved. So, the obtained results demonstrate that despite system complexity and inability to extract an analytical model for estimating the fatigue life of composite materials, singular value decomposition method could be known as a useful and powerful tool for modeling.
Intimacy between care home residents with dementia: Findings from a review of the literature
Authors: Wiskerke Esther , Manthorpe Jill
Published: July 2016

Background

There is limited research on what family members and frontline care home staff consider to be the best responses to the sexual expression of a person with dementia, whilst at the same time respecting relatives’ feelings, managing their possible distress and conflict, and how good practice should be reflected in care home policy and practice guidance.

Methods

This literature review explored what is known of the views of relatives and care workers of new relationships or sexual intimacy between care home residents with dementia, whilst still married to another person. It reports the findings of searches of three databases undertaken in August 2014 (Medline, Embase and PsychINFO).

Findings

Nine papers were found relevant to the research question. The following themes emerged from a synthesis of the papers located: sexuality in old age, dementia and sexuality, hyper-sexuality, views regarding sexuality of older people living in care homes, the law, ethics and consent, relationships and communication between care home and relatives, and new relationships or intimacy between residents with dementia.

Conclusion

While studies of residents’ expression of sexuality and their engaging in sexual behaviour with other resident(s) may be challenging to manage in care home settings and can be emotionally painful or uncomfortable for families, the review found that studies are few in number and span emotional intimacy and distressing behaviour.
Field work reflections: Journeys in knowing and not-knowing
Authors: Roy Alastair
Published: July 2016

In this paper, I retrace my interest in narrative forms of inquiry. I begin by revisiting a series of research projects that I conducted early in my career, describing some of my own dissatisfactions with the methods I used at the time. I move on to a detailed re-examination of my first piece of narrative research, completed during my PhD. In that project I used a narrative pointed psychosocial method in an attempt to develop new knowledge in the field of drugs, ‘race’ and ethnicity. In the final section, I consider what I have learned from this approach in terms of knowing and not-knowing and how I have used this experience to explore different approaches to narrative inquiry. I finish by drawing out some lessons I have learned from these different studies, which I hope might be of relevance to other social work researchers.
Changes in the prevalence of hospitalization and comorbidity in US adults with stroke: A three decade cross-sectional and birth cohort analysis
Authors: Liu Longjian , Yang Xuan , Long Yong , Mallhi Arshpreet Kaur , Mehta Kathan , Veznedaroglu Erol , Yin Xiaoyan
Published: July 2016

Background and purpose

Little attention was paid to the transition of care for stroke that may partially explain the long-term trend of stroke rates. We aimed to test the trend of hospitalization attributable to stroke in US adults.

Methods

Data from National Hospital Discharge Surveys 1980–2010 in patients aged ≥18 (n = 6,527,304) were analyzed to examine the trend of patients with first-list diagnoses of stroke. Stroke comorbidities were classified in stroke patients with second- to seven-listed diagnoses of coronary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, or hyperlipidemia. Stroke trends by survey years and birth cohorts were analyzed using univariate, multivariate, and birth cohorts methods.

Results

Of the total study sample, the prevalence of hospitalization due to stroke was 22.99%, 30.00%, and 27.03% in years of 1980–1989, 1990–1999, and 2000–2010 in males, and 17.30%, 22.04%, and 19.34% in females, respectively. Overall, hospitalization rates in stroke patients significantly increased among adults aged <65, and decreased in adults aged ≥65. There was an increase in stroke hospitalization rate in the old adults aged ≥65 in recent birth cohorts. Significant increased trends of comorbid hypertension, diabetes, arrhythmias, and hyperlipidemia were observed from 1980 to 2010.

Conclusion

A significant increase in stroke hospitalization rate was observed in adults aged <65 in the past three decades, and in old adults in recent years. Increases in stroke comorbidity rates were observed in all age groups. Findings from the study highlight that both public health and clinical practices face a serious challenge in controlling this unwelcome increased stroke trend.
An Assessment of Levels of Safety in Psychiatric Units
Authors: Bayramzadeh Sara
Published: July 2016

Objectives:

This article aims to understand the incident patterns in relation to different types of spaces within a psychiatric unit, which are discussed using the five levels of safety framework.

Background:

Implementing measures to improve patient safety is essential particularly in a psychiatric hospital, where limited research has been conducted on inpatient safety. Therefore, this article aims to understand the incident patterns from the lens of the five levels of safety framework, which categorizes spaces according to the level of patient supervision in psychiatric facilities, as follows: service areas, corridors, dayrooms, patient rooms and bathrooms, seclusions and admissions.

Methods:

In an 81-bed psychiatric hospital, this mixed-method study drew 7 years of incident reports and caregivers’ perceptions gathered through focus groups. Incident reports on physical safety were analyzed based on the five levels of safety framework ( N = 1,316). Focus groups ( n = 9) explored the caregivers’ viewpoints on patient safety and five categories of spaces.

Results:

Overall findings support the five levels of safety pattern, confirming that most incidents occurred in patient rooms and bathrooms; moreover, relatively fewer incidents happened in dayrooms and corridors. Elopements are higher in hallways and dayrooms. Suicide is most common in patient rooms and bathrooms, and violence is more frequent in dayrooms. Focus groups results yielded insightful recommendations.

Conclusions:

Levels of safety framework can be adapted to seven categories where seclusion room and admission area would be two of the spaces with least incidents.
Clinical highlights from Amsterdam
Authors: Annema Jouke T. , Vogiatzis Ioannis , Grgic Aleksander , Antoniou Katerina , Ställberg Björn , Herth Felix F.
Published: July 2016

This article contains highlights and a selection of the scientific advances from the Clinical Assembly that were presented at the 2015 European Respiratory Society International Congress in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The most relevant topics for clinicians will be discussed, covering a wide range of areas including interventional pulmonology, rehabilitation and chronic care, thoracic imaging, diffuse and parenchymal lung diseases, and general practice and primary care. In this comprehensive review, exciting novel data will be discussed and put into perspective.
Severe Brown Fat Lipoatrophy Aggravates Atherosclerotic Process in Male Mice
Authors: Gómez-Hernández Almudena , Beneit Nuria , Escribano Óscar , Díaz-Castroverde Sabela , García-Gómez Gema , Fernández Silvia , Benito Manuel
Published: July 2016

Obesity is one of the major risk factors for the development of cardiovascular diseases and is characterized by abnormal accumulation of adipose tissue, including perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT). However, brown adipose tissue (BAT) activation reduces visceral adiposity. To demonstrate that severe brown fat lipoatrophy might accelerate atherosclerotic process, we generated a new mouse model without insulin receptor (IR) in BAT and without apolipoprotein (Apo)E (BAT-specific IR knockout [BATIRKO];ApoE−/− mice) and assessed vascular and metabolic alterations associated to obesity. In addition, we analyzed the contribution of the adipose organ to vascular inflammation. Brown fat lipoatrophy induces visceral adiposity, mainly in gonadal depot (gonadal white adipose tissue [gWAT]), severe glucose intolerance, high postprandial glucose levels, and a severe defect in acute insulin secretion. BATIRKO;ApoE−/− mice showed greater hypertriglyceridemia than the obtained in ApoE−/− and hypercholesterolemia similar to ApoE−/− mice. BATIRKO;ApoE−/− mice, in addition to primary insulin resistance in BAT, also showed a significant decrease in insulin signaling in liver, gWAT, heart, aorta artery, and thoracic PVAT. More importantly, our results suggest that severe brown fat lipoatrophy aggravates the atherosclerotic process, characterized by a significant increase of lipid depots, atherosclerotic coverage, lesion size and complexity, increased macrophage infiltration, and proinflammatory markers expression. Finally, an increase of TNF-α and leptin as well as a decrease of adiponectin by BAT, gWAT, and thoracic PVAT might also be responsible of vascular damage. Our results suggest that severe brown lipoatrophy aggravates atherosclerotic process. Thus, BAT activation might protect against obesity and its associated metabolic alterations.