bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reduced Income and Its Associations with Physical Inactivity, Unhealthy Habits, and Cardiac Complications in the Hypertensive Population
Authors: Carrasco-Marcelo Lucía , Pereira-Payo Damián , Mendoza-Muñoz María , Pastor-Cisneros Raquel
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: A low socioeconomic status significantly increases the risk of hypertension and its associated cardiovascular diseases due to limited access to healthcare and may be even more accentuated by the presence of unhealthy lifestyle habits. The aim of the present research was to study if associations exist between having a family income under the poverty threshold and having an unhealthy diet, being physically inactive, being an alcohol drinker, perceiving one’s own health as bad, and suffering from congestive heart failure, coronary heart disease, angina pectoris, heart attack, or stroke. Additionally, the odds ratios of having these unhealthy habits and of suffering from the abovementioned cardiac complications of participants under the poverty threshold were calculated. (2) Methods: This cross-sectional study was based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2020. The sample comprised 6120 adults with hypertension (3188 males and 2932 females). A descriptive analysis and non-parametric chi-squared tests were used to study the associations. A binary logistic regression model and backward LR method were used to calculate the odds ratios, normalized by age and sex. (3) Results: The chi-squared test showed associations between having a family income under the poverty threshold and being physically inactive (p < 0.001), having an unhealthy diet (p < 0.001), being an alcohol drinker (p < 0.001), perceiving one’s own health as bad (p < 0.001), and suffering from congestive heart failure (p = 0.002), heart attack (p = 0.001), or stroke (p = 0.02). A significantly increased odds ratio for these unhealthy habits and cardiac complications, and also for having coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, were found for hypertension sufferers under the poverty threshold. (4) Conclusions: It was confirmed that having a family income under the poverty threshold is associated with perceiving one’s own health as bad, having a series of negative habits in terms of physical activity, diet, and alcohol consumption, and with suffering from congestive heart failure, heart attack, or stroke. Increased odds ratios for these unhealthy habits and these conditions, plus coronary heart disease and angina pectoris, were found for hypertension sufferers under the poverty threshold.
Digital Inclusion among Community Older Adults in the Republic of Korea: Measuring Digital Skills and Health Consequences
Authors: Pan Thet Htoo , Aung Myo Nyein , Nam Eun Woo , Koyanagi Yuka , Lee Hocheol , Li Li , Kyaw Myat Yadana , Mulati Nadila , Moolphate Saiyud , Ma Hok Ka Carol , van Dijk Jan A. G. M. , Yuasa Motoyuki
Published: August 2024

Many older adults are increasingly embracing digital technology in the Republic of Korea. This study investigated the relationship between the digital skills of Korean older adults and their perceived health status and digital technology application for health promotion. This mixed-method study comprised a community survey of 434 older adults aged ≥65 in two cities in South Korea, followed by focus group interviews. Five types of digital skills, ‘operational internet skills’, ‘information navigation skills’, ‘social skills’, ‘creative skills’, and ‘mobile skills’, were measured using the LSE digital skill measurement instrument. Multivariable analysis identified the influence of digital skills on health-related outcomes. Among them, ‘social skills’ associated positively with self-rated health (β 0.37, 95%CI 0.08, 0.65). ‘Information navigation skills’ contributed positively to the use of digital technology and the internet for a healthy lifestyle in terms of improving eating habits (β 0.43, 95%CI 0.09, 0.77), accessing healthcare (β 0.53, 95%CI 0.21, 0.85), and accessing long-term care services (β 0.45, 95%CI 0.11, 0.79). Thematic analysis revealed that the study participants use Korean language-based resources such as Naver and Kakao Talk for social connection to promote a healthy lifestyle. This study concludes that encouraging initial and sustained use of the internet and enhancing digital skills among Korean older adults can promote active and healthy aging.
Optimizing Pilotage Efficiency with Autonomous Surface Vehicle Assistance
Authors: Chu Yiyao , Zheng Qinggong
Published: August 2024

Efficient pilotage planning is essential, particularly due to the increasing demand for skilled pilots amid frequent vessel traffic. Addressing pilot shortages and ensuring navigational safety, this study presents an innovative pilot-ASV scheduling strategy. This approach utilizes autonomous surface vehicles (ASVs) to assist or replace junior pilots in specific tasks, thereby alleviating pilot resource constraints and upholding safety standards. We develop a comprehensive mathematical model that accommodates pilot work time windows, various pilot levels, and ASV battery limitations. An improved artificial bee colony algorithm is proposed to solve this model effectively, integrating breadth-first and depth-first search strategies to enhance solution quality and efficiency uniquely. Extensive numerical experiments corroborate the model’s effectiveness, showing that our integrated optimization approach decreases vessel waiting times by an average of 9.18% compared to traditional methods without ASV integration. The findings underscore the potential of pilot-ASV scheduling to significantly improve both the efficiency and safety of vessel pilotages.
High-Power Lasers
Authors: Chvykov Vladimir
Published: August 2024

High-power lasers play an important role in modern science, industry, and medicine. A significant milestone was reached on 5 December 2022, when Inertial Confinement Nuclear Fusion (ICF) achieved scientific breakeven, releasing more energy than the input laser energy. Additionally, Extreme Ultraviolet Lithography (EUVL) has enabled the development of microchips with 3 nm process nodes, marking a leap in semiconductor technology. These examples, together with the recent achievement of 10 PW (1015 W) laser output, herald remarkable advancements in technology and science. Laser systems are broadly classified based on their operating regimes into two main categories: Continuous Wave (CW) operation, where the laser is continuously pumped and emits a steady beam of light, and the pulsed regime, in which the laser produces single or multiple pulses at various repetition rates. This review will primarily focus on pulsed laser systems, exploring their various types and recent technological advancements.
Municipal Solid Waste Management in Laos: Comparative Analysis of Environmental Impact, Practices, and Technologies with ASEAN Regions and Japan
Authors: Noudeng Vongdala , Pheakdey Dek Vimean , Minh Tran Thi Ngoc , Xuan Tran Dang
Published: August 2024

Municipal solid waste management in developing countries faces limitations, especially concerning technologies for treatment and disposal, which is crucial for achieving environmental and economic sustainability goals. This paper investigates municipal solid waste management in Laos, compared with the ASEAN-Japan regions, focusing on background information, waste characteristics, environmental impact, and treatment technologies for resource utilization. The findings indicate a continuous rise in municipal waste generation in Laos, particularly in the capital Vientiane, from 0.21 million tons in 2012 to 0.37 million tons in 2021. Treatment methods include unsanitary landfilling, basic recycling, and open dumping, as well as burning or discharge into rivers, posing potential risks to the environment and human health. Japan and Singapore have shown decreasing trends, with Japan reducing from 45.23 million tons in 2012 to 40.95 million tons in 2021 and Singapore from 7.27 million tons in 2021 to 6.94 million tons in 2021. Laos encounters challenges in managing municipal waste, especially in waste recovery and waste-to-energy practices, crucial elements of integrated solid waste management aimed at promoting environmental and economic sustainability. Enhancing waste management in Laos involves developing a waste management act with segregation, recycling, and extended producer responsibility policies. Implementing mechanical biological treatment facilities, waste-to-energy plants, and upgraded landfills is crucial. Capacity building and public awareness campaigns on waste management will improve sustainability, reduce environmental impacts, and advance sustainable development goals for sustainable cities and communities.
Using Muscle Element Fingerprint Analysis (EFA) to Trace and Determine the Source of Hypophthalmichthys nobilis in the Yangtze River Basin
Authors: Song Chao , Yang Chengyao , Zhao Feng , Xie Jilin , Tao Hong , Huang Xiaorong , Zhuang Ping
Published: August 2024

Hypophthalmichthys nobilis are widely distributed in the Yangtze River basin and its related lakes. They are an important economic fish species and are a famous cultured species known as the “Four Famous Domestic Fishes” in China. Currently, with the fishing ban in the Yangtze River basin, fishing for H. nobilis in the natural water bodies of the Yangtze River basin has been completely prohibited. In order to identify the sources of H. nobilis appearing in the market, further control and accountability is necessary to trace the sources of H. nobilis in the Yangtze River basin and its related water bodies. Therefore, this study identified and traced different sources of H. nobilis through muscle element fingerprint analysis (EFA). The results show that H. nobilis from different stations have characteristic element compositions. The characteristic element of H. nobilis from Wuhan (WH) is Pb, which is significantly higher than that in other stations; the characteristic element from Anqing (AQ) is Hg, which is significantly higher than that in other stations; and the characteristic element from Taihu (TH) is Al, which is significantly higher than that in other water areas. Multivariate analysis selected different spatial distribution patterns in four discriminative element ratios (Pb/Ca, Cr/Ca, Na/Ca, and Al/Ca) in the muscle of H. nobilis in the Yangtze River basin and its related lakes. This study suggests that the screened discriminative elements can be used to visually distinguish different sources of H. nobilis and to quickly trace and verify the origin of newly emerging samples. Therefore, the use of selected discriminative element fingerprint features to trace the origin of new samples has been proven to be feasible. By further discriminating and verifying the muscle element fingerprints of new samples, the discrimination rate is high. Therefore, a multivariate analysis of muscle element fingerprints can be used for tracing the origins of samples of unknown origin in market supervision.
Evaluating Preferences towards Electromobility in Greece
Authors: Kehagia Fotini , Karagiotas Ioannis , Giotaki Sofia
Published: August 2024

The electrification of transport is a step towards the transition to efficient, cleaner, and low-carbon mobility, as it decreases negative environmental effects and greenhouse gas emissions. In many countries, the adoption and the deployment of electric vehicles was based on a combination of policy measures and incentives. To promote the uptake of electrification, it is important to understand consumers’ opinions about electric vehicles. The aim of the present research is to investigate the factors influencing EV purchase decisions in a city of Greece. The analysis of this paper was based on the data collected using a structured questionnaire, addressed to the active population of Thessaloniki, the second largest city in Greece. A small percentage of the respondents own an electric vehicle. Appropriate statistical analysis identified correlations between the intention to purchase an electric vehicle and a number of critical factors.
Drone-Borne LiDAR and Photogrammetry Together with Historical Data for Studying a Paleo-Landslide Reactivated by Road-Cutting and Barrier Construction outside Jerusalem
Authors: Darvasi Yaniv , Laugomer Ben , Shicht Ido , Hall John K. , Ram Eli , Agnon Amotz
Published: August 2024

Assessment of landslide hazards often depends on the ability to track possible changes in natural slopes. To that end, historical air photos can be useful, particularly when slope stability is compromised by visible cracking. Undocumented landsliding rejuvenates a paleo-landslide on a busy motorway connecting Jerusalem to a small Jewish settlement. Recently, a plan for broadening the motorway was approved, and we were asked to study the hazards of the road by Israeli NGOs and Palestinian residents of the area. We captured high-resolution topography around the unstable slope using drone-borne photogrammetry and LiDAR surveys. The modern data allow us to analyze historic air photos and topo maps to assess the level of sliding prior to and during modern landscaping. Our results indicate horizontal offsets of ~0.9–1.8 m and vertical offsets of 1.54–2.95 m at selected sites. We next assess the possible role of anthropogenic versus natural factors in compromising slope stability. We analyze monthly rain records together with seismic catalogs spanning several decades. Shortly after the motorway construction in 1995, a January 1996 rainstorm triggered a massive rockfall. The rockfall blocked traffic with up to 4 m-diameter boulders. We found that while a certain level of rain is a necessary condition for mobilizing the rock mass, it is the anthropogenic intervention that caused the rockfall in this site. We conclude that the recent plan for broadening the motorway jeopardizes the lives of vehicle passengers and the lives of future residents should the development materialize.
Actitan: A Natural Complex for Managing Diarrhea—Insights from Cross-Sectional Survey Research Involving Patients, Pharmacists and Physicians
Authors: Cioeta Roberto , Muti Paola , Rigoni Marta , Cossu Andrea , Giovagnoni Emiliano
Published: August 2024

Diarrhea continues to be a global health problem as acute diarrhea carries the risk of dehydration, while both acute and chronic diarrhea can significantly affect patients’ quality of life and reduce productivity. The innovative medical device Actitan, which consists of a complex of natural molecules, could be an effective option for the treatment of diarrhea from various causes. The aim of this post-market cross-sectional study was to evaluate the perceived efficacy, safety and usage pattern of the two formulations for adults (Actitan-P) and children (Actitan-F) among patients/child caregivers, physicians and pharmacists. Participants completed online questionnaires with closed multiple-choice questions that were rated on a verbal 5-point Likert scale. These surveys were conducted via the online platform Real World Data, which provides digital questionnaires for patients, doctors and pharmacists. Two separate surveys were conducted for the two formulations, with a total of 2630 participants (1488 participants for Actitan-P and 1142 participants for Actitan-F). Overall, the results indicate a high level of efficacy and safety of the product. In the case of Actitan-F, more than 96% of caregivers rated safety as good or excellent, and over 92% rated efficacy as good or excellent. Actitan-P also received positive feedback: nearly 86% of patients reported good/excellent efficacy, and more than 93% rated safety as good or excellent. These positive evaluations were confirmed by physicians and pharmacists, who also did not report adverse effects. In summary, this study confirms the role of Actitan as a safe and effective option for the treatment of diarrhea of different causes and in different patient groups, including young children.
An Innovative Method Based on In Situ Deformometric Monitoring to Support Decisions for the Structural Restoration of a Historic Panel Painting
Authors: Mazzanti Paola , Marcon Bertrand , Cocchi Linda , Goli Giacomo , Riparbelli Lorenzo , Uzielli Luca
Published: August 2024

This paper describes an innovative method developed by the authors to support basic decisions concerning the structural restoration of a large historical panel painting which had been damaged by inappropriate attachment to a wall and ongoing exposure to severe changes in environmental humidity. The Lapidazione di Santo Stefano is a large panel (2.78 × 3.92 m2) painted by Giorgio Vasari in 1571 and has been housed since then in the Church of Santo Stefano dei Cavalieri in Pisa (Italy). Its wooden support is made of large horizontal planks glued together along their edges and stiffened by vertical, dovetailed crossbeams. The panel was tightly fastened to a church wall with several rigid bolts; due to the moisture cycling produced by rainwater leakage and a subsequent “compression set”, it had developed severe tension stresses perpendicular to the grain, resulting in cracks affecting both the wood and the paint layers. To decide how to carry out the structural restoration of the panel, it was necessary to know whether slippage could occur between the panel and crossbeams during seasonal variations in environmental humidity. Without slippage, tensile stresses would be generated in the wood and could produce further cracks and damage the paint layers. An in situ monitoring method for assessing the possibility of slippage was developed and implemented. An analysis of data collected over a period of 6 months before the structural restoration confirmed that adequate slippage was possible; hence, the decision to fully repair the cracks was taken. Monitoring continued for a year after restoration and confirmed the previous findings. This paper describes the monitoring method, the equipment used, the results of its implementation and its value as a preventive conservation tool.
Graphic Restitution and Recovery of the Chronos Pavement of the Marquis of Benicarlo’s House
Authors: Martínez-Moya Joaquín A. , Gual-Ortí Jaume
Published: August 2024

The Marquis of Benicarlo’s House is a prime example of 18th-century Baroque civil architecture in the Valencian region. Inside, it preserves ceramic panels from this period of great historical and heritage value. However, prior to its designation as a Cultural Heritage Site, the building lost some of its most architecturally significant elements, such as the flooring in one of the main rooms, which was decorated with rich iconography. Fortunately, the original tiles from this flooring have been located in the collections of the National Museum of Ceramics. This study presents the recovery and graphic restitution of the flooring based on the pieces found in the museum’s collections. This work allows us to understand the original appearance of the flooring before its dismantling and may enable its in situ restoration through digital ceramic printing techniques, thus returning one of its most unique architectural elements to the building. It also details the process of digitally restoring the flooring to its original location using advanced digitization techniques. This enables the visualization of the hall in its authentic state using virtual reality methods, thereby facilitating its appreciation and dissemination as a heritage architectural space.
Three Landscape-Dominating Mountains of the Western Caucasus: Case Studies of Local Heritage and Cultural Inferences
Authors: Mikhailenko Anna V. , Ruban Dmitry A. , Ermolaev Vladimir A.
Published: August 2024

Geomorphosite inventory remains an urgent task for many geographical domains where it can facilitate the exploration of geoheritage resources. The present study reports a new and sufficient portion of information from Mountainous Adygeya in southwestern Russia, which is a geoheritage-rich area in the western part of the Greater Caucasus Mountains. The Cossack, Monk, and Three Teeth mountains were analyzed qualitatively and semi-quantitatively. Their morphology and geological settings were described, their geoheritage properties were scored by several criteria, and their cultural meanings were considered. It was established that the total heritage values of these geomorphosites are comparable. The challenging accessibility of these landforms is offset by the availability of sites for distant observation. Each proposed geomorphosite has its own cultural meaning reflected by its name. The proposed geomorphosites are constituents of the geoheritage resources of Mountainous Adygeya, and they can be exploited via local product branding and georoute functioning.
Exploitation, Transport, and Circulation of the Rohri Hills Chert (Sindh, Pakistan) during the Indus Period
Authors: Biagi Paolo
Published: August 2024

During the third millennium cal BC, the Indus communities exploited great quantities of chert from the Rohri Hills mines in Upper Sindh for making different types of artifacts. This paper discusses the way chert was transported to the Indus Civilization centers and the problems related to the type, quantity, and quality of raw material and artifacts that were transported, including when, why, and where. This paper raises the question of land and water transport. Both these methods were probably used according to the landscape location of the Indus sites. Another problem concerns the landscape characteristics of the Indus Valley during the Bronze Age before the climate changes that took place around the end of the third millennium cal BC and the disappearance of the Hakra River, which was an important watercourse during the Indus phase. What do we know of the way the Indus communities exploited, transported, and circulated knappable chert? Why have the Indus settlements excavated around the Rohri Hills, the largest chert mines of the Indian Subcontinent, yielded little evidence of chert artifacts and nodules? What do we know of this important problem, which is strictly related to the everyday life of the Indus communities and their economy? Why this problem has been systematically neglected by most archaeologists despite its importance?
Characteristics and Potential Use of Fruits from Different Varietal Groups of Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw
Authors: Rivera-Ponce Edgar Adrián , Arévalo-Galarza Ma. de Lourdes , Cadena-Iñiguez Jorge , Soto-Hernández Marcos , Ramírez-Rodas Yeimy , García-Osorio Cecilia
Published: August 2024

(1) Background: Chayote [Sechium edule Jacq. (Sw.)] is a non-traditional export product; recently, demand has increased due to its nutritional and functional properties. There is a wide diversity of varietal groups (VGs) within this species. Despite this, only virens levis and nigrum spinosum varieties are commercialized on a large scale, while the rest are underutilized and poorly studied, so the genetic pool of this species is at risk. (2) Methods: The following variables were evaluated in the fruits of 10 chayote groups of varieties: shape, size, weight, stomatal frequency (SF), stoma size, stomatal index (SI), color index (CO*), pigments, titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), total sugars and moisture content. In addition, the postharvest behavior of the ten VGs stored at room temperature and the effect of 1-MCP on fruit quality during cold storage were evaluated. (3) Results: The groups a. minor and n. minor showed rapid weight loss, the albus varieties showed high epidermis oxidation, while v. levis, n. maximum, n. spinosum and n. xalapensis were susceptible to viviparity, blisters and fungal incidence. 1-MCP prevented chilling injury (CI) and weight loss. (4) Conclusions: The diversity of postharvest characteristics allows the use of VGs for different uses such as a fresh fruit, agroindustrial transformation or mixing with other vegetables.
Genes Co-Expressed with ESR2 Influence Clinical Outcomes in Cancer Patients: TCGA Data Analysis
Authors: Lipowicz Julia Maria , Malińska Agnieszka , Nowicki Michał , Rawłuszko-Wieczorek Agnieszka Anna
Published: August 2024

ERβ has been assigned a tumor suppressor role in many cancer types. However, as conflicting findings emerge, ERβ’s tissue-specific expression and functional role have remained elusive. There remains a notable gap in compact and comprehensive analyses of ESR2 mRNA expression levels across diverse tumor types coupled with an exploration of its potential gene network. In this study, we aim to address these gaps by presenting a comprehensive analysis of ESR2 transcriptomic data. We distinguished cancer types with significant changes in ESR2 expression levels compared to corresponding healthy tissue and concluded that ESR2 influences patient survival. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) distinguished molecular pathways affected by ESR2, including oxidative phosphorylation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition. Finally, we investigated genes displaying similar expression patterns as ESR2 in tumor tissues, identifying potential co-expressed genes that may exert a synergistic effect on clinical outcomes, with significant results, including the expression of ACIN1, SYNE2, TNFRSF13C, and MDM4. Collectively, our results highlight the significant influence of ESR2 mRNA expression on the transcriptomic landscape and the overall metabolism of cancerous cells across various tumor types.
Melatonin Receptor Expression in Primary Uveal Melanoma
Authors: Hagström Anna , Kal Omar Ruba , Witzenhausen Hans , Lardner Emma , Abdiu Oran , Stålhammar Gustav
Published: August 2024

Melatonin, noted for its anti-cancer properties in various malignancies, including cutaneous melanoma, shows promise in Uveal melanoma (UM) treatment. This study aimed to evaluate melatonin receptor expression in primary UM and its association with UM-related mortality and prognostic factors. Immunohistochemical analysis of 47 primary UM tissues showed low expression of melatonin receptor 1A (MTNR1A) and melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B), with MTNR1A significantly higher in patients who succumbed to UM. Analysis of TCGA data from 80 UM patients revealed RNA expression for MTNR1A, retinoic acid-related orphan receptor alpha (RORα), and N-ribosyldihydronicotinamide:quinone oxidoreductase (NQO2), but not MTNR1B or G protein-coupled receptor 50 (GPR50). Higher MTNR1A RNA levels were observed in patients with a BRCA1 Associated Protein 1 (BAP1) mutation, and higher NQO2 RNA levels were noted in patients with the epithelioid tumor cell type. However, Kaplan–Meier analysis did not show distinct survival probabilities based on receptor expression. This study concludes that UM clinical samples express melatonin receptors, suggesting a potential mechanism for melatonin’s anti-cancer effects. Despite finding higher MTNR1A expression in patients who died of UM, no survival differences were observed.
The Myofibroblast Fate of Therapeutic Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Regeneration, Repair, or Despair?
Authors: Younesi Fereshteh Sadat , Hinz Boris
Published: August 2024

Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) can be isolated from various tissues of healthy or patient donors to be retransplanted in cell therapies. Because the number of MSCs obtained from biopsies is typically too low for direct clinical application, MSC expansion in cell culture is required. However, ex vivo amplification often reduces the desired MSC regenerative potential and enhances undesired traits, such as activation into fibrogenic myofibroblasts. Transiently activated myofibroblasts restore tissue integrity after organ injury by producing and contracting extracellular matrix into scar tissue. In contrast, persistent myofibroblasts cause excessive scarring—called fibrosis—that destroys organ function. In this review, we focus on the relevance and molecular mechanisms of myofibroblast activation upon contact with stiff cell culture plastic or recipient scar tissue, such as hypertrophic scars of large skin burns. We discuss cell mechanoperception mechanisms such as integrins and stretch-activated channels, mechanotransduction through the contractile actin cytoskeleton, and conversion of mechanical signals into transcriptional programs via mechanosensitive co-transcription factors, such as YAP, TAZ, and MRTF. We further elaborate how prolonged mechanical stress can create persistent myofibroblast memory by direct mechanotransduction to the nucleus that can evoke lasting epigenetic modifications at the DNA level, such as histone methylation and acetylation. We conclude by projecting how cell culture mechanics can be modulated to generate MSCs, which epigenetically protected against myofibroblast activation and transport desired regeneration potential to the recipient tissue environment in clinical therapies.
Charting the Unseen: How Non-Invasive Imaging Could Redefine Cardiovascular Prevention
Authors: Trimarchi Giancarlo , Pizzino Fausto , Paradossi Umberto , Gueli Ignazio Alessio , Palazzini Matteo , Gentile Piero , Di Spigno Francesco , Ammirati Enrico , Garascia Andrea , Tedeschi Andrea , Aschieri Daniela
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain a major global health challenge, leading to significant morbidity and mortality while straining healthcare systems. Despite progress in medical treatments for CVDs, their increasing prevalence calls for a shift towards more effective prevention strategies. Traditional preventive approaches have centered around lifestyle changes, risk factors management, and medication. However, the integration of imaging methods offers a novel dimension in early disease detection, risk assessment, and ongoing monitoring of at-risk individuals. Imaging techniques such as supra-aortic trunks ultrasound, echocardiography, cardiac magnetic resonance, and coronary computed tomography angiography have broadened our understanding of the anatomical and functional aspects of cardiovascular health. These techniques enable personalized prevention strategies by providing detailed insights into the cardiac and vascular states, significantly enhancing our ability to combat the progression of CVDs. This review focuses on amalgamating current findings, technological innovations, and the impact of integrating advanced imaging modalities into cardiovascular risk prevention, aiming to offer a comprehensive perspective on their potential to transform preventive cardiology.
Single-Base Substitution Causing Dual-Exon Skipping Event in PKD2 Gene: Unusual Molecular Finding from Exome Sequencing in a Patient with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease
Authors: De Paolis Elisa , Raspaglio Giuseppina , Ciferri Nunzia , Zangrilli Ilaria , Ricciardi Tenore Claudio , Urbani Andrea , Ferraro Pietro Manuel , Minucci Angelo , Concolino Paola
Published: August 2024

Background: Pathogenic variants in the Polycystic Kidney Disease 2 (PKD2) gene are associated with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) in approximately 30% of cases. In recent years, the high-throughput sequencing techniques have significantly increased the number of variants identified in affected patients. Here, we described the peculiar effect of a PKD2 splicing variant, the c.1717-2A>G, identified in an Italian male patient with ADPKD. This variant led to the unusual and rare skipping of two consecutive exons, causing a large in-frame deletion. Methods: The genetic evaluation of the patient was performed using the Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) assay Clinical Exome Solution® (SOPHiA Genetics). Bioinformatics analysis was performed using the SOPHiA DDM platform (SOPHiA Genetics). Prediction of pathogenicity was carried out by integrating several in silico tools. RNA evaluation was performed to test the effect of the variant on the PKD2 splicing using a Reverse-Transcription PCR coupled with cDNA sequencing. Results: NGS revealed the presence of the PKD2 c.1717-2A>G variant that lies in the canonical splice site of intron 7. This rare variant was predicted to have a significant impact on the splicing, proved by the RNA-based analysis. We identified the presence of a transcript characterised by the simultaneous skipping of exons 8 and 9, with a retained reading frame and the merging of exons 7–10. Conclusions: We described for the first time a dual-exon skip event related to the presence of a single-base substitution in the PKD2 gene in an ADPKD-affected patient. We assumed that the molecular basis of such a rare mechanism lies in the specific order of intron removal. The finding represents novel evidence of an alternative and unusual splicing mechanism in the PKD2 gene, adding insights to the pathogenesis of the ADPKD.
PRO-NOVELTY: Patient-Reported Outcomes in NOse VEstibule interventionaL radioTherapY (brachytherapy)
Authors: Tagliaferri Luca , Sciurti Elisabetta , Fionda Bruno , Loperfido Antonella , Lancellotta Valentina , Placidi Elisa , Parrilla Claudio , La Milia Maria Concetta , Rosa Enrico , Rigante Mario , De Angeli Martina , Cornacchione Patrizia , Galli Jacopo , Bussu Francesco , Gambacorta Maria Antonietta
Published: August 2024

Background: The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact on the quality of life of the treatment of nasal vestibule tumors by interventional radiotherapy (IRT-brachytherapy) through a patient reported outcome questionnaire. Methods: We prospectively collected data about patients undergoing IRT according to our institutional schedule of 44 Gy delivered in 14 fractions twice a day. We recorded both acute toxicity data, using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 5.0, and quality of life data, using the 22-item Sino-Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT-22) at baseline (T0), at 1 month (T1), at 3 months (T3), and at 6 months (T6). Results: We enrolled 10 consecutive patients treated between February 2023 and October 2023. The decrease in terms of SNOT-22 mean value was statistically significant from T0 and T6 with a p-value < 0.001. A noteworthy clinical finding is that quality of life improved regardless of the occurrence of G1-G2 side effects. Conclusions: Using SNOT-22 on patients with nasal vestibule carcinoma treated with IRT has shown an improvement in quality of life that is not strictly dependent on the occurrence of expected G1-G2 side effects.
In Myotonic Dystrophy Type 1 Head Repositioning Errors Suggest Impaired Cervical Proprioception
Authors: Scarano Stefano , Caronni Antonio , Carraro Elena , Ferrari Aggradi Carola Rita , Rota Viviana , Malloggi Chiara , Tesio Luigi , Sansone Valeria Ada
Published: August 2024

Background: Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a rare multisystemic genetic disorder with motor hallmarks of myotonia, muscle weakness and wasting. DM1 patients have an increased risk of falling of multifactorial origin, and proprioceptive and vestibular deficits can contribute to this risk. Abnormalities of muscle spindles in DM1 have been known for years. This observational cross-sectional study was based on the hypothesis of impaired cervical proprioception caused by alterations in the neck spindles. Methods: Head position sense was measured in 16 DM1 patients and 16 age- and gender-matched controls. A head-to-target repositioning test was requested from blindfolded participants. Their head was passively rotated approximately 30° leftward or rightward and flexed or extended approximately 25°. Participants had to replicate the imposed positions. An optoelectronic system was adopted to measure the angular differences between the reproduced and the imposed positions (joint position error, JPE, °) concerning the intended (sagittal, horizontal) and unintended (including the frontal) planar projections. In DM1 patients, JPEs were correlated with clinical and balance measures. Static balance in DM1 patients was assessed through dynamic posturography. Results: The accuracy and precision of head repositioning in the intended sagittal and horizontal error components did not differ between DM1 and controls. On the contrary, DM1 patients showed unintended side-bending to the left and the right: the mean [95%CI] of frontal JPE was −1.29° [−1.99°, −0.60°] for left rotation and 0.98° [0.28°, 1.67°] for right rotation. The frontal JPE of controls did not differ significantly from 0° (left rotation: 0.17° [−0.53°, 0.87°]; right rotation: −0.22° [−0.91°, 0.48°]). Frontal JPE differed between left and right rotation trials (p < 0.001) only in DM1 patients. No correlation was found between JPEs and measures from dynamic posturography and clinical scales. Conclusions: Lateral head bending associated with head rotation may reflect a latent impairment of neck proprioception in DM1 patients.
Management of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia: A Contemporary Review
Authors: Ng Jun Yen , D’Souza Melanie , Hutani Felanita , Choi Philip
Published: August 2024

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a life- and limb-threatening immune-mediated emergency classically associated with heparin therapy. This review focuses on type II HIT, characterized by the development of antibodies against platelet-factor 4 (PF4) bound to heparin after exposure, causing life-threatening thrombocytopenia, arterial thrombosis, and/or venous thrombosis. The high morbidity and mortality rates emphasize the need for early recognition and urgent intervention with discontinuation of heparin and initiation of non-heparin anticoagulation. We discuss the management of HIT with an emphasis on recent developments: (i) incorporating the phases of HIT (i.e., suspected, acute, subacute A and B, and remote) into its management, categorized according to platelet count, immunoassay, and functional assay results and (ii) direct-acting oral anticoagulants (DOACs), which are increasingly used in appropriate cases of acute HIT (off-label). In comparison to parenteral options (e.g., bivalirudin and danaparoid), they are easier to administer, are more cost-effective, and obviate the need for transition to an oral anticoagulant after platelet recovery. We also identify the knowledge gaps and suggest areas for future research.
A New GIS-Based Framework to Detect Urban Heat Islands and Its Application on the City of Naples (Italy)
Authors: Cafaro Rosa , Cardone Barbara , D’Ambrosio Valeria , Di Martino Ferdinando , Miraglia Vittorio
Published: August 2024

This research presents a GIS-based framework used to detect urban heat islands and determine which urban settlement elements are most critical when heatwave risks exist. The proposed method uses the Iterative Self-Organizing Data Analysis (ISODATA) clustering algorithm applied to the satellite land surface temperature distribution recorded during heatwaves for the detection of urban heat islands. A pixel classification confidence level maximization approach, obtained by running a maximum likelihood classification algorithm, is performed to determine the optimal number of clusters. The areas labeled as hotspots constitute the detected urban heat islands (UHIs). This method was tested on an urban settlement set up by the municipality of Naples (Italy). Comparison tests were performed with other urban heat island detection methods such as standard deviation thresholding and Getis-Ord Gi* hotspot detection; indices measuring the density of buildings, the percentage of permeable open spaces, and vegetation cover are taken into consideration to evaluate the accuracy of the urban heat islands detected. These tests highlight that the proposed method provides the most accurate results. It could be an effective tool to support the decision maker in evaluating which urban areas are the most critical during heatwave scenarios.
Comparative Study on the Lubrication of Ti3C2TX MXene and Graphene Oxide Nanofluids for Titanium Alloys
Authors: Tian Yaru , Yang Ye , Zhao Heyi , Si Lina , Yan Hongjuan , Dou Zhaoliang , Liu Fengbin , Meng Yanan
Published: August 2024

Titanium alloys are difficult to machine and have poor tribological properties. Nanoparticles have good cooling and lubricating properties, which can be used in metal cutting fluid. The lubrication characteristics of the two-dimensional materials Ti3C2TX MXene and graphene oxide in water-based fluid for titanium alloys were comparatively investigated in this paper. Graphene oxide had smaller friction coefficients and wear volume than Ti3C2TX MXene nanofluid. As to the mechanism, MXene easily formed TiO2 for the tribo-chemical reaction, which accelerated wear. Moreover, GO nanofluid can form a more uniform and stable friction layer between the frictional interface, which reduces the friction coefficient and decreases the adhesive wear. The effects of different surfactants on the lubricating properties of MXene were further investigated. It was found that the cationic surfactant Hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (1631) had the lowest friction coefficient and anti-wear properties for the strong electrostatic attraction with MXene nanoparticles. The results of this study indicate that 2D nanoparticles, especially graphene oxide, could improve the lubricating properties of titanium alloys. It provides insight into the application of water-based nanofluids for difficult-to-machine materials to enhance surface quality and cutting efficiency. The developed nanofluid, which can lubricate titanium alloys, effectively has very broad applications in prospect.
Machine Learning-Based Prediction Models for Punching Shear Strength of Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Reinforced Concrete Slabs Using a Gradient-Boosted Regression Tree
Authors: Abood Emad A. , Abdallah Marwa Hameed , Alsaadi Mahmood , Imran Hamza , Bernardo Luís Filipe Almeida , De Domenico Dario , Henedy Sadiq N.
Published: August 2024

Fiber-reinforced polymers (FRPs) are increasingly being used as a composite material in concrete slabs due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and resistance to corrosion. However, FRP-reinforced concrete slabs, similar to traditional systems, are susceptible to punching shear failure, a critical design concern. Existing empirical models and design provisions for predicting the punching shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete slabs often exhibit significant bias and dispersion. These errors highlight the need for more reliable predictive models. This study aims to develop gradient-boosted regression tree (GBRT) models to accurately predict the shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete panels and to address the limitations of existing empirical models. A comprehensive database of 238 sets of experimental results for FRP-reinforced concrete slabs has been compiled from the literature. Different machine learning algorithms were considered, and the performance of GBRT models was evaluated against these algorithms. The dataset was divided into training and testing sets to verify the accuracy of the model. The results indicated that the GBRT model achieved the highest prediction accuracy, with root mean square error (RMSE) of 64.85, mean absolute error (MAE) of 42.89, and coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.955. Comparative analysis with existing experimental models showed that the GBRT model outperformed these traditional approaches. The SHapley Additive exPlanation (SHAP) method was used to interpret the GBRT model, providing insight into the contribution of each input variable to the prediction of punching shear strength. The analysis emphasized the importance of variables such as slab thickness, FRP reinforcement ratio, and critical section perimeter. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the GBRT model in predicting the punching shear strength of FRP-reinforced concrete slabs with high accuracy. SHAP analysis elucidates key factors that influence model predictions and provides valuable insights for future research and design improvements.
Accuracy Improvement of Debonding Damage Detection Technology in Composite Blade Joints for 20 kW Class Wind Turbine
Authors: Kim Hakgeun , Kim Hyeongjin , Kang Kiweon
Published: August 2024

Securing the structural safety of blades has become crucial, owing to the increasing size and weight of blades resulting from the recent development of large wind turbines. Composites are primarily used for blade manufacturing because of their high specific strength and specific stiffness. However, in composite blades, joints may experience fractures from the loads generated during wind turbine operation, leading to deformation caused by changes in structural stiffness. In this study, 7132 debonding damage data, classified by damage type, position, and size, were selected to predict debonding damage based on natural frequency. The change in the natural frequency caused by debonding damage was acquired through finite element (FE) modeling and modal analysis. Synchronization between the FE analysis model and manufactured blades was achieved through modal testing and data analysis. Finally, the relationship between debonding damage and the change in natural frequency was examined using artificial neural network techniques.
Balancing Results from AI-Based Geostatistics versus Fuzzy Inference by Game Theory Bargaining to Improve a Groundwater Monitoring Network
Authors: Hashemi Masoumeh , Peralta Richard C. , Yost Matt
Published: August 2024

An artificial intelligence-based geostatistical optimization algorithm was developed to upgrade a test Iranian aquifer’s existing groundwater monitoring network. For that aquifer, a preliminary study revealed that a Multi-Layer Perceptron Artificial Neural Network (MLP-ANN) more accurately determined temporally average water table elevations than geostatistical kriging, spline, and inverse distance weighting. Because kriging is usually used in that area for water table estimation, the developed algorithm used MLP-ANN to guide kriging, and Genetic Algorithm (GA) to determine locations for new monitoring well location(s). For possible annual fiscal budgets allowing 1–12 new wells, 12 sets of optimal new well locations are reported. Each set has the locations of new wells that would minimize the squared difference between the time-averaged heads developed by kriging versus MLP-ANN. Also, to simultaneously consider local expertise, the algorithm used fuzzy inference to quantify an expert’s satisfaction with the number of new wells. Then, the algorithm used symmetric bargaining (Nash, Kalai–Smorodinsky, and area monotonic) to present an upgradation strategy that balanced professional judgment and heuristic optimization. In essence, the algorithm demonstrates the systematic application of relatively new computational practices to a common situation worldwide.
Exploring Local Reservoirs for Bacteriophages with Therapeutic Potential against ESKAPE Pathogens
Authors: Loera Piedra Alejandra Aidee , Becerra Mejía Isamar Leticia , Luna Galicia Brenda , Martínez Díaz Sergio Francisco , Luna Herrera Julieta , Aguilera Arreola Ma. Guadalupe
Published: August 2024

Bacteriophage therapy is a promising strategy used to treat antimicrobial-resistant or persistent bacterial infections. More recently, the clinical utility of bacteriophages has been rediscovered due to the rise of multi-drug resistance and their potential use in clinical practice as an additional treatment option. In this study, local municipal wastewater facilities, hospital wastewater systems, and freshwater reservoirs were evaluated for the presence of lytic bacteriophages. These phages were isolated using conventional phage isolation techniques: water sample collection and processing, pre-enrichment with the host bacteria, the spot test, and the double-layer method. Plaques were selected according to their morphology and lytic activity on the target bacteria. Clinical isolates and reference strains belonging to the ESKAPE group were the targets during phage isolation. A total of 210 lytic plaque morphotypes with activity against ESKAPE strains were isolated from 22 water samples. Each isolate was qualitatively evaluated for its ability to inhibit the growth of its host strain. Thirty-one translucent plaques with apparent lytic activity were selected for purification. Of these, 87.1% were isolated from wastewater samples, and 12.9% were isolated from flowing freshwater. Specifically, the phages isolated from the freshwater samples targeted Staphylococcus aureus strains, and no phage from Enterococcus faecium strains was isolated. In conclusion, wastewater samples are a suitable source for the isolation of exogenous lytic phages; however, freshwater could be considered an alternative source for the isolation of lytic phages.