bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Influence of tidal distortion on extreme water levels in Casamance estuary, Senegal.
Authors: Diouf Amadou , Sakho Issa , Sow Bamol Ali , Deloffre Julien , Diouf Mouhamadoul Bachir , Lafite Robert
Published: April 2024

The Casamance estuary in Senegal is experiencing hypersalination and silting, which are negatively impacting its mangrove ecosystem and maritime navigation. This is a critical issue for both biodiversity preservation and economic development. However, research and documentation on this estuary, particularly with regard to tides, have been relatively neglected. The focus of this study is on the impact of tidal asymmetry on extreme water levels in the region. Tide data was collected at the river entrance and at Ziguinchor, and analysed using digital tools such as Tide Peaks Toolbox and UTide. The results indicate that the average tidal range at Ziguinchor varies from 33 cm to 65 cm, with peaks in February and March and troughs in January and March. The duration of the ebb tide varies, with a duration of over 4 hours during spring tides and 2 hours during neap tides. During the dry season, the duration is extended to 3 hours and 30 minutes, leading to a greater accumulation of water upstream of the estuary, particularly in July. Maximum velocities of up to 30 cm/s are observed at the start of high tide, mainly in February. Harmonic analysis conducted over a six-month period indicates a reduction in amplitude of over 45% for semi-diurnal and diurnal waves. Additionally, there is a significant amplification of the upper diurnal waves, with a more asymmetry upstream of the estuary. Additionally, the analysis of residual water levels and currents emphasizes the complexity of tidal dynamics, particularly due to non-tidal influences. This study constitutes a good contribution to the understanding of the hydrodynamic functioning of estuarine systems in West Africa marked by a strong climatic contrast.
Microplastics in sea ice drifted to the Shiretoko Peninsula, the southern end of the Sea of Okhotsk
Authors: Ohno Hiroshi , Iizuka Yoshinori
Published: April 2024

Sea ice is regarded as a temporal sink and carrier of microplastics (MPs). Nevertheless, knowledge and understanding of MPs in sea ice remain sparse. This study investigated the abundance, composition, size (>30 micro m), and shape of MPs in four sea-ice cores retrieved at the southern end of the Sea of Okhotsk. Nine microplastic (MP) types, mostly with fragmentary shapes, were detected among ice-core sections. Most fragmentary MPs were smaller than 120 micro m, but all fiber MPs were in the largest size class (>210 micro m). MP concentrations were 0–60 particles/L, with an average of 21 particles/L. Higher occurrences of MPs observed in the lower ice layers are attributable to heavier MP contamination in the southern part of the sea and/or relocation of MPs in the ice matrix. No significant correlation was found between the distributions of MP and inorganic particle (sediment) abundances, implying difference in their kinetics of suspension freezing. Taken together, these findings suggest important implications for elucidating the nature and distribution of MPs in sea ice.
Analysis of heart rate variability in post-COVID-19 population
Authors: Qin Minyu , Lee Kwan , Yoo Seok-Ju
Published: April 2024

Symptoms caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection usually last 5-7 days; however, people experiencing symptoms for more than 5-7 days were reported, in a phase called long-term COVID-19 or post-COVID-19. Due to the ease of disease transmission and viral susceptibility, mild or asymptomatic infections are prevalent among young individuals; however, few studies have focused on the differences in autonomic functions in LC patients versus those recovering from COVID-19. In this study, we collected heart rate variability indices from patients survived for more than two months after a negative secondary RT-PCR test. A total of 173 individuals were included through autonomic balance surveys and questionnaires, including 57 controls with no history of COVID-19 and 84 COVID-19 survivors in COVID-19 rehabilitation group and 32 LC patients in LC group. The results suggested that the reduction in the very low frequency domain was significant among groups, and that in those aged <25 years, more individuals showed abnormal autonomic neuroactivity in the LC group compared to the COVID-19 rehabilitation group. The different results suggest that autonomic dysfunction still exists in those who have experienced the long-covid phase, which could be caused by sympathetic activation and inhibition of vagal activity.
Preparation of epoxy-functionalized AES (GAES) resins by high-temperature bulk polymerization
Authors: Sun Liting , Li Mingdong , Nie Bing , Ma Jianying , Cao Chunlei
Published: April 2024

In this paper, the monomers of styrene (St), acrylonitrile (AN), and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were grafted onto ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer (EPDM) rubbers, and the epoxy-functionalized AES (GAES) resins were successfully prepared by high-temperature bulk polymerization. The effects of polymerization reaction conditions, i.e. the content of initiator and chain transfer agent, the content of EPDM and GMA on the grafting rate, composition of free copolymers, molecular weights and their distributions of GAES resins were investigated in detail. The influence of GMA content on the thermal stabilities of GAES resins were also discussed. Experimental results showed that under the optimized experimental conditions, the highest grafting rate of GAES resins reached to 48.8% and the grafting efficiency was 35.3%. Under the same reaction conditions, the molecular weights of free copolymers can reach to 70,000 g mol− 1. The content of initiator and chain transfer agent had no obvious influence on the composition of free copolymers, but the component of GMA in free copolymers increased gradually with increasing content of EPDM. TG analysis results indicated that the incorporation of GMA decreased the thermal stabilities of GAES resins.
Detection of human drowsiness by the vestibulo-ocular reflex compensating for heartbeat-induced head perturbations
Authors: Yamanaka Toshimi , Hirata Yutaka
Published: April 2024

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) stabilizes vision during head movements by counter-rotating the eyes in the orbits. Although considered one of the simplest reflexes due to its minimal neuronal circuity comprising a 3-neuron arc, previous studies have shown that VOR performance deteriorates in both monkeys and humans when they are drowsy. Given constant head perturbations under dynamic environments, the VOR has been proposed as a viable biomarker for detecting human drowsiness in automobiles and other moving vehicles. Nevertheless, under stationary environments where exogenous head movements are absent, its applicability has been questioned. In this study, we demonstrate that each heartbeat generates small yet distinctive head movements, and the VOR compensates for these minor head perturbations. Furthermore, we show that the effectiveness of VOR responses varies with the degree of drowsiness, indicating that the VOR can serve as an indicator of drowsiness, even in stationary contexts such as in classrooms and offices.
Effects of Consumption of Probiotic Yogurt on Salivary Streptococcus mutans, IL-1β and TNF-α Levels in Adults with Initial Stages of Dental Caries: a Randomized, Double‑Blind, Placebo‑Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Javid Ahmad Zare , Amerian Essam , Basir Leila , Ekrami Alireza , Haghighizadeh Mohammad Hosein , Maghsoumi-Norouzabad Leila
Published: April 2024

Background
Dental caries is one of the most common human diseases. The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of consumption of probiotic yogurt containing Bifidobacterium lactis Bb12 on salivary Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels in adults with initial stages of dental caries.
Methods and Material:
Sixty six 18–30 years old students with initial stages of dental caries were selected for this 2 weeks double blind randomized placebo controlled clinical trial and were randomly assigned into two groups: intervention (300g/d probiotic yogurt), and control (300 g/d conventional yogurt) groups. Unstimulated fasting saliva sample (2–3 ml) was collected pre and post-intervention for S. mutans bacteria counting and measurement of IL-1β and TNF-α cytokines levels. All Data were analyzed using SPSS.
Results
Salivary S. mutans and IL-1β changes were statistically signifcant in intervention group compared to their baseline and compared to the control group post intervention.
Conclusion
Consumption of probiotic yogurt containing B. lactis Bb12 may be beneficial for preventing of the progression of dental caries.
Trial registration:
This study was registered in Iran clinical trials: IRCT2014062518240N1.
Development of a Quench and Partition Hot Stamping Process for a Third Generation 980 MPa Steel
Authors: Midawi Abdelbaset , Tolton Cameron , George Ryan , Narayan Advaith , Cheong Kenneth , Skszek Timothy , Butcher Cliff , Worswick Michael
Published: April 2024

This paper explores the potential to hot stamp third generation steels, in this case a 980 MPa grade, while retaining or improving on the as-received microstructure, in particular the retained austenite (RA) fraction, and corresponding strength and ductility. Three classes of thermomechanical processes were investigated using a thermo-mechanical simulator system (Gleeble 3500). The first two processing routes considered a quenching and partitioning process starting from either a fully austenitic condition prior to quenching, designated the “Q&P” process, or an inter-critical partial austenitic condition, designated the “IC Q&P” process. In the two simulated Q&P processes, the samples were quenched to a predetermined temperature and then immediately transferred to a partitioning furnace. In the third processing route, designated the “Q&T” process, the samples were partially austenitized and then quenched to room temperature, followed by a tempering process to restore ductility. The conventional Q&P process resulted in excessive martensite formation, with high hardness and low ductility. The Q&T process produced a tempered martensite microstructure with hardness equivalent to the as-received sheet but with lower elongation and bendability. The IC Q&P heat treatment process increased the amount of retained austenite compared to the as-received sheet which translated into a higher yield strength, total elongation, and v-bend fracture angle. The IC Q&P ultimate tensile strength was approximately 8% lower than that of the as-received material. A sensitivity study was conducted to evaluate the influence of variations (±25 °C) in the intercritical austenitization temperature, quench temperature, and partitioning temperature on the resulting microstructure and microhardness. The final mechanical properties were observed to be relatively independent of these process variations, indicating that the IC Q&P hot stamping process appears to be robust.
Surface Alterations on Agro-Waste Filler and their Effect on the Properties of Biodegradable Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT)
Authors: Perumal Niresha , Sreekan Srimala , Hamid Zuratul Ain Abdul , Bhubalan Kesaven , Malik Muhammad Fadhirul Izwan Abdul , Iqbal Anwar
Published: April 2024

In this study, a novel approach to address the pressing issue of plastic waste in the biosphere that leads to ecological hazards and threatens living beings is presented. Herein, a set of biodegradable composites has been developed through the melt blending of polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) and rice husk (RH), aiming to discover effective surface modification techniques for enhancing mechanical properties while maintaining biodegradability above 90%. This research studied the diverse surface treatment methodologies applied to raw RH, including alkaline treatment, acetylation, and silane treatment. The novelty of this study lies in its focus on evaluating how these treatments distinctly influence the mechanical properties and biodegradability of RH. Additionally, it seeks to understand the underlying mechanisms driving these performance changes. To further improve the compatibility between hydrophobic PBAT and hydrophilic RH, compatibilizers such as maleic anhydride (MAH) and dicumyl peroxide (DCP), were incorporated. A range of analytical techniques, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for morphological analysis, tensile testing to evaluate the mechanical properties of PBAT composites and soil burial test to investigate the biodegradability of the composites. The results indicate that the PBAT/Silane RH/MAH composite exhibited exceptional mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 22.49 MPa, strain at break of 41.83%, and young modulus of 187.60 MPa. Furthermore, the composites developed exhibited 90% mass loss during a six-month soil burial test, confirming their remarkable biodegradability. The findings present an innovative and practical solution for utilizing RH waste in a wide range of applications, particularly in the production of molded products such as straws.
Optimizing Inpatient Care for Lung Cancer Patients with Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor- Related Pneumonitis Using a Clinical Care Pathway Algorithm
Authors: Brito-Dellan Norman , Franco-Vega Maria Cecilia , Ruiz Juan Ignacio , Lu Maggie , Sahar Hadeel , Rajapakse Pramuditha , Lin Heather Y. , Peterson Christine , Alviarez Daniel Leal , Altay Haider , Tomy Sophy , Manzano Joanna-Grace Mayo
Published: April 2024

Purpose
Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis (ICI-P) is a condition associated with high mortality, necessitating prompt recognition and treatment initiation. This study aimed to assess the impact of implementing a clinical care pathway algorithm on reducing the time to treatment for ICI-P.
Methods
Patients with lung cancer and suspected ICI-P were enrolled, and a multi-modal intervention promoting algorithm use was implemented in two phases. Pre- and post-intervention analyses were conducted to evaluate the primary outcome of time from ICI-P diagnosis to treatment initiation.
Results
Of the 82 patients admitted with suspected ICI-P, 73.17% were confirmed to have ICI-P, predominantly associated with non-small cell lung cancer (91.67%) and stage IV disease (95%). Pembrolizumab was the most commonly used immune checkpoint inhibitor (55%). The mean times to treatment were 2.37 days in the pre-intervention phase and, 3.07 days (p=0.46), and 1.27 days (p=0.40) in the post-intervention phases 1 and 2, respectively. Utilization of the immunotoxicity order set significantly increased from 0% to 27.27% (p = 0.04) after phase 2. While there were no significant changes in ICU admissions or inpatient mortality, outpatient pulmonology follow-ups increased statistically significantly, demonstrating enhanced continuity of care. The overall mortality for patients with ICI-P was 22%, underscoring the urgency of optimizing management strategies. Notably, all patients discharged on high-dose corticosteroids received appropriate gastrointestinal prophylaxis and prophylaxis against Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia infections at the end of phase 2.
Conclusion
Implementing a clinical care pathway algorithm for ICI-P management standardizes care practices and enhances patient outcomes, underscoring the importance of structured approaches.
The endocrine disrupting chemicals and obesity prevention - Scoping review
Authors: Amon Mojca , Kek Tina , Klun Irma Virant
Published: April 2024

Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can result in alterations of natural hormones in the body. The aim of this review article is to gather current knowledge about EDCs and obesity in humans. We conducted an electronic literature search using PubMed platform for studies published between y. 2013-2023 on EDCs and obesity. A total of 12 studies met our inclusion criteria focusing on more prominent EDCs such as bisphenols, parabens, triclosan, and phthalates, and their association with obesity. A few experimental studies have been performed on association of obesity and EDCs in humans. Obesity was mostly related to EDCs such as bisphenols and phthalates, while less is known about the impact of parabens and triclosan. Series of negative physiological effects involving obesogenic, diabetogenic, and inflammatory mechanisms, epigenetic and microbiota modulations were related to prolonged EDCs exposure. More profound research of obesity with specific design regarding its role, genetic background for diabetes-related features, cardiometabolic risks and anthropometrical exceeds are needed to illuminate the effect of EDCs exposure on human populations in different environments.
Folate-conjugated organic CO prodrugs: Synthesis and CO release kinetic studies
Authors: Kondengadan Shameer M. , Bansal Shubham , Yang Xiaoxiao , Wang Binghe
Published: April 2024

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an endogenous produced molecule and has shown efficacy in animal models of inflammation, organ injury, colitis and cancer metastasis. Because of its gaseous nature, there is a need for developing efficient CO delivery approaches, especially those capable of targeted delivery. In this study, we aim to take advantage of a previously reported approach of enrichment-triggered prodrug activation to achieve targeted delivery by targeting the folate receptor. The general idea is to exploit folate receptor-mediated enrichment as a way to accelerate a biomolecular Diels-Alder reaction for prodrug activation. In doing so, we first need to find ways to tune the reaction kinetics in order to ensure minimal rection without enrichment and optimal activation upon enrichment. In this feasibility study, we synthesized two diene-dienophile pairs and studied their reaction kinetics and ability to target the folate receptor. We found that folate conjugation significantly affects the reaction kinetics of the original diene-dienophile pairs. Such information will be very useful in future designs of similar targeted approaches of CO delivery.
Electrophysiologic monitoring characteristics of the non-recurrent laryngeal nerve and radiologic evaluation of concurrent vascular anomalies
Authors: Sormaz İsmail Cem , İşcan Ahmet Yalın , Tunca Fatih , Köstek Mehmet , Aygün Nurcihan , Özel Tuğba Matlım , Soytaş Yiğit , Poyanlı Arzu , Sarı Serkan , Uludağ Mehmet , Şenyürek Yasemin Giles
Published: April 2024

Purpose
The objective of this study is to characterize the electrophysiological characteristics of nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerves(NRILN) that have been dissected with the assistance of intraoperative neuromonitoring(IONM), along with the concomitant vascular anomalies observed in patients with NRILN.
Methods
A retrospective analysis was conducted on 7865 patients who underwent thyroidectomy with IONM at three tertiary referral centers. The study included 42 patients in whom an NRILN was detected. IONM data and postoperative vocal cord(VC) examination were recorded in all patients. The absence of initial vagal EMG response and/or a short(< 3.5 ms) latency period during the initial vagal stimulation, or the inability to identify the RLN within the Beahrs triangle was considered highly suspicious for the presence of an NRILN. Postoperative cross-sectional imaging was performed in 36 out of 42 patients to asses any concurrent vascular anomalies
Results
The prevalence of NRILN was 0.53%.An NRILN was suspected due to EMG findings in 32(76%) and the inability to identify the RLN within the Beahrs triangle in the remaining 10(24%) patients. Transient VC paralysis occurred in one(2.4%) patient. Of the 36 patients with postoperative imaging, 33(91.4%) had vascular anomalies. All of the 33 patients had aberrant right subclavian artery and 13(39.4%) had also accompanying additional vascular anomalies.
Conclusions
NRILN is an anatomical variation that increases the risk of nerve injury. Observation of absent EMG response and/or a short latency period during the initial vagal stimulation facilitates the detection of an NRILN at an early stage of thyroidectomy in the majority of the patients.
Effects and safety of dulaglutide treatment on glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia in patients treated with CHOP therapy
Authors: Suyama Takuya , Shimizu Misayo , Kumiko Matsui , Shinagawa Atsushi , Tsuru Masatoshi
Published: April 2024

Purpose: Glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia is a serious adverse event of cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisolone (CHOP) therapy and requires chemotherapy dose reduction and drug interruption for remediation. Previous reports have showed that the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist dulaglutide significantly improves glycemic control in glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia. Thus, we aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of dulaglutide for glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma treated with CHOP therapy.
Methods: Ten newly diagnosed patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma exhibiting glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia during initial cycle CHOP ± rituximab therapy were enrolled. Dulaglutide administration began during the second cycle. Glycemic control parameters (HbA1C, glycoalbumin, and fasting blood glucose) and adverse events were monitored alongside chemotherapy sessions.
Results: Of the 10 patients, one patient discontinued CHOP treatment due to progression, one patient due to chemotherapy intolerance, and eight patients were finally evaluated. HbA1c and glycoalbumin reduced significantly post-dulaglutide initiation, thereby suggesting improved glycemic control without adverse events, such as hypoglycemia or pancreatitis. Challenges in glycemic assessment due to simultaneous declines in hemoglobin levels alongside HbA1C were noted.
Conclusion: Dulaglutide exhibited promise in effectively managing glucocorticoid-induced hyperglycemia during CHOP therapy without serious adverse events.
The influence of cooperation and competition on true and false recognition
Authors: Li Yansong , Chen Xi , Elliot Andrew J.
Published: April 2024

Recent research has revealed that individuals’ true and false recognition is susceptible to social influence arising from competition. Although cooperation and competition represent two fundamental, opposing forms of social interaction, no work to date has examined how memory processes may be distorted by social influence arising from cooperation and whether these two interactive modes may exert similar or differential influences. To address these issues, participants randomly assigned to a competition, cooperation, or control group performed a pictorial variant of the Deese–Roediger–McDermott paradigm. We found that both the cooperation and competition groups showed significant false recognition reduction compared to the control group, while only the competition group showed true recognition reduction relative to the control group. Our signal-detection analysis further revealed that false recognition suppression driven by cooperation and competition is due to a combination of both a reduction in encoded memory information for critical lures and an increase in memory monitoring as evidenced by decreased sensitivity (d') and elevated response bias (C); competition-driven true recognition reduction, however, is due to enhanced monitoring as indexed by increased C. These results provide compelling evidence that cooperation and competition suppress participants’ false recognition by impairing relational encoding and by enhancing retrieval-based monitoring, while competition reduces participants’ true recognition by increasing retrieval-based monitoring. Collectively, these findings lay the foundation for deepening our understanding of how memory is susceptible to social influence arising from interactive contexts.
Physical exercise and externalized behavior problems of left-behind junior middle school students: the chain mediating role of peer relationship and self-esteem
Authors: Guo Kelei , Guo Feng
Published: April 2024

Objective: To explore ways to improve the externalizing behavior problems of left-behind junior middle school students from the perspective of physical exercise, to understand the relationship between physical exercise and the externalizing behavior of left-behind junior middle school students, and to deeply analyze the role of peer relationship and self-esteem in the relationship between physical exercise and the externalizing behavior of left-behind junior middle school students.
Methods: 1292 left-behind junior high school students were surveyed by physical exercise scale, peer relationship scale, self-esteem scale and externalized behavior problem scale. For data analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, structural equation model test and bias correction percentile guide method were carried out successively.
Results: (1) Physical exercise was negatively correlated with externalizing behavior problems (r=-0.19), and the direct path between physical exercise and externalizing behavior problems was not significant (β= -0.06, p > 0.05, CI[-0.13, 0.01]; (2) Physical exercise was positively correlated with peer relationship (β = 0.51, p < 0.01, CI[0.45, 0.56]) and self-esteem (β = 0.28, p < 0.01, CI[0.22, 0.34]); Positive correlation between self-esteem and peer relationship (beta = 0.54, p < 0.01, CI [0.48, 0.60]) and negatively correlated with externalizing behavioral problems (beta = 0.09, p < 0.05, CI (0.18, 0.01)); Negatively correlated with self-esteem and externalizing behavioral problems (beta = 0.12, p < 0.05, CI (0.20, 0.03)); (3) Peer relationship and self-esteem play a significant mediating role between physical exercise and externalizing behavior problems. The mediating effect consisted of three pathways: physical exercise → peer relationship → externalizing behavior problems (mediating effect value 0.05), physical exercise → self-esteem →externalizing problem behavior (mediating effect value 0.03), physical exercise → peer relationship → self-esteem →externalizing behavior problems (mediating effect value 0.03).
Conclusion: (1) Physical exercise is significantly negatively correlated with externalizing behavior problems; (2) Peer relationship and self-esteem have independent mediating effects between physical exercise and externalizing behavior problems; (3) Peer relationship and self-esteem play a chain mediating role between physical exercise and externalizing behavior problems. This study explains the relationship between physical exercise and externalizing behavior problems, which has important practical significance for improving the externalizing behavior problems of junior high school students.
Predictive modeling and correlation between the sensory and physicochemical attributes in ‘Rama Forte’ astringent persimmon fruit
Authors: Amorim Catherine , Filho Elenilson Godoy Alves , Garruti Deborah Santos , Bender Renar João , Antoniolli Lucimara Rogéria
Published: April 2024

Correlations between quality attributes determined by destructive and non-destructive analysis methods are being investigated to enable quantification and prediction of internal quality characteristics without the need for destructive techniques. Our study correlated sensory and physicochemical attributes of 'Rama Forte' persimmons treated for astringency removal with 70 % CO2 for 18 hours or 1.70 mL Kg-1 ethanol for 6 hours, to establish predictive models for destructive analytical methods based on non-destructive ones. Physicochemical and sensory analyses were carried out daily. Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant (PLS-DA) and regression analysis by Partial Least Squares (PLS) were applied to obtain prediction models. Two models based on fruit translucency (non-destructive) were obtained for persimmons treated with CO2, one for flesh firmness, and the other for color index prediction. A model based on sensory astringency (destructive) was developed to predict the astringency index for ethanol treatment. The models show a reliable fit, particularly in predicting flesh firmness by using the translucency of 'Rama Forte' fruit treated with CO2. Using the translucency scale and the prediction model, it is possible to establish the maximum period for logistic steps to reduce losses and waste in the persimmon chain. The low correlation between sensory astringency and proanthocyanidin content points to possible other compounds in the perception of astringency. Identifying these compounds will enable advances in the development of predictive models for quality attributes and shelf life of astringent persimmons.
RETRACTED: Efficient commercial-like fast charging supercapacitor device utilizing N,S- doped carbon nanosheets derived from a Cu 2 Fe(CN) 6 /Cu 7 S 4 /Cu 1.8 S/carbon nanocomposite via a layered nanohybrid precursor
Authors: Ghotbi Mohammad Yeganeh , Sikiru Surajudeen , Rajabi Armin , Soleimani Hassan , Kou Lingjiang , Ansari M.N.M. , Ramachandaramurthy Vigna K.
Published: April 2024

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.
Global Trends and Emerging Hotspots in Cancer-Related Fatigue: A Comprehensive Bibliometric and Visual Analysis in Nursing Research
Authors: YILDIRIM Yasemin , SEZGIN Gökhan , KOCAKOÇ Ipek DEVECI
Published: April 2024

Purpose:The aim of the study was to examine the hotspots and global trends of cancer-related fatigue in nursing research.
Methods:We searched the Web of Science database for relevant articles concerning cancer-related fatigue in nursing research, published between 1997 and 2023. Data collected include: the number of publications, authors, journals, countries, institutions, keywords. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were used to conduct the bibliometric study and visualise the analysis.
Results:A total of 405 publications were included. The number of publications on cancer-related fatigue in nursing research shows a fluctuating upward trend. The journal of Cancer Nursing published the most articles on cancer-related fatigue in nursing research (66 publications). The United States of America published the most articles (215 published). The research institution with the highest number of publications is the University of California in San Francisco. According to word cloud of keyword, we believe that “Quality of Life”, “Pain”, “Breast Cancer” and “Depression” may be new research hotspots in the field of cancer-related fatigue in nursing research.
Conclusion:This study describes the research status of cancer-related fatigue in nursing research over the past 26 years. Our findings illuminate the increasing interdisicilinary interest in cancer-related fatigue, signaling a shift towards more holistic and patient-centered research approaches in nursing, with significant potential to inform future clinical practices and policies.
Spatial Data Analysis on On-Demand Cab Services Using Spark
Authors: Poritigadda Likhitha , Fathimabi Sk. , Kokkiligadda Manohar Raj
Published: April 2024

Spatial data pattern analysis is a technique used to analyze large amounts of spatial-temporal data generated by on-demand cab services such as Uber, Lyft, and Grab. This type of data includes information on the pickup and drop-off locations of riders, the trajectories of drivers, and the times of day when demand for cabs is highest. By analyzing this data using spatial temporal pattern analysis techniques, on-demand cab services can gain insights into rider demand patterns, optimize driver allocation, improve pricing strategies, and enhance overall system efficiency. Apache Spark is a versatile and high-speed open-source distributed computing framework for big data processing. With in-memory capabilities and a unified API, it supports batch processing, interactive queries, machine learning, and real-time streaming, making it an ideal choice for data analytics. In the realm of spatial data analysis with Spark, data preprocessing and establishing a Spark session are crucial initial steps. This includes cleaning, transforming datetime data, and handling missing values. Once preprocessed, the data is loaded into Spark, enabling diverse spatial analysis techniques. These techniques include spatial clustering and trajectory analysis, helping uncover valuable insights from geospatial data. Large-scale spatial data analysis benefits from advanced indexing techniques like R-tree, Quad Tree, and KD Tree. These methods streamline query handling and visualization through interactive maps, enhancing data interpretation. In our analysis, we've measured retrieval times for these indexing strategies, with R-Tree at 2.18 seconds, Quad Tree at 2.23 seconds, and KD Tree as the fastest at 1.94 seconds. These findings offer insights into the efficiency and performance of each approach, aiding in informed decision-making.
The circular RNA expression landscape across tissues implicates their functional roles in the marine gastropod Rapana venosa
Authors: Hong Mingwei , Huang Zixia
Published: April 2024

The carnivorous marine gastropod, Rapana venosa, also known as the veined rapa whelk, has recently gained considerable attention due to its dual significance as both a valuable commercial seafood resource and a biological invader with widespread ecological implications. Significant efforts have been made to investigate the molecular pathways governing the specific adaptations in R. venosa. However, the regulatory mechanisms of these pathways remain largely unclear. Circular RNA (circRNA), a newly-recognized class of non-coding molecules, plays crucial roles in post-transcriptional regulation, impacting various fundamental bioprocesses including development, cell proliferation, immunity, and disease pathogenesis. In this study, we conducted a comprehensive genome-wide profiling of circRNAs across eleven tissues of R. venosa. We identified a total of 1,214 circRNA genes across tissues, with 640 regarded as high-confidence candidates. CircRNAs displayed overall low expression levels, diverse isoform types, and dynamic expression patterns across various tissues. Our comparative analyses revealed a few circRNA genes with a great diversity of isoforms and abundant expression in the salivary gland, suggesting potential roles in the feeding process of R. venosa. Furthermore, Gene Ontology enrichment analysis indicated the potential involvement of commonly expressed circRNAs in fundamental cellular processes, including cell division, amide biosynthesis, and cellular response to hormone stimuli. Our study represents the initial in-depth examination of circRNAs across various tissues of R. venosa, laying the groundwork for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms that shape the unique biology, ecology, and behaviour of the marine gastropods.
Three-dimensional printing-guided percutaneous transcatheter replacement in coarctation of the aorta: a retrospective study
Authors: Xu Chennian , Liu Yang , Zhai Mengen , Jin Ping , Tian Zhiyuan , Yang Jian
Published: April 2024

Background
To evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and assistant effect of 3D printed aortic model in the treatment on congenital coarctation of the aorta (CoA) in adolescents and adults.
Methods
From December 2018 to December 2023, a total of 10 patients with congenital coarctation of aorta underwent percutaneous balloon dilatation covered stent implantation in cardiovascular surgery of Xijing Hospital were retrospectively analyzed. There were 6 males and 4 females whose average age was (27.68 ± 13.45) years. One case complicated with ventricular septal defect (VSD). CT data of aorta were collected before operation, and the aorta was reconstructed by Mimics software and printed in 3D. The operation simulation was performed before operation to determine the best operation plan. Collect and analyze the clinical data of patients during hospitalization and follow-up.
Results
All the patients of CoA were successfully treated with percutaneous balloon dilatation covered stent implantation. The narrowest average diameter of CoA increased from (4.35 ± 2.61) mm before operation to (16.84 ± 1.99) mm immediately after operation (P < 0.05). The mean transconstrictive systolic pressure difference decreased from (81.29 ± 18.72) mmHg before operation to (15.52 ± 7.47) mmHg after operation (P < 0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure of the right upper limb decreased from (182.05 ± 38.99) mmHg preoperatively to (141.95 ± 32.11) mmHg postoperatively (P < 0.05). The mean systolic blood pressure of the lower limb increased from (121.52 ± 27.84) mmHg preoperatively to (131.81 ± 32.39) mmHg postoperatively (P < 0.05). Two patients with PDA and VSD underwent interventional occlusion at the same time without shunt. During the period of hospitalization and follow-up, there were significant cardiovascular complications.
Conclusions
Percutaneous balloon dilatation covered stent implantation is effective in the treatment of adolescents and adults with CoA in the short and medium term, with fewer complications, and the long-term effect needs furthshdie1er study.
Identification of Araucaria angustifolia trees in an urban forest fragment using UAV images and YOLOv7 structure
Authors: Correa Alan D'Oliveira , Prandini Matheus Kopp , Cysneiros Vinicius Costa , Pelissari Allan Libanio
Published: April 2024

This study addresses the identification of individuals of the Araucaria angustifolia species in urban forest fragments, specifically in the Mixed Ombrophilous Forest (FOM) in Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil. The aim of the study is to use UAV images and the computer vision technique of the YOLOv7 model to detect individuals of A. angustifolia. The FOM is essential for local biodiversity conservation and human well-being but faces challenges due to urban sprawl and the conversion of land use to agriculture. The species is critically endangered, requiring actions and strategies for its conservation. The study highlights the role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and deep learning techniques, such as Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), in identifying tree species in urban ecosystems. YOLOv7, an architecture based on CNNs, was chosen because of its detection capacity. YOLOv7 is especially effective at detecting a wide variety of objects, including people, vehicles, animals, household objects, road signs and much more, making it an ideal choice for identifying tree species in urban environments. The data was obtained by a DJI Mavic 3 UAV. Utilizing a UAV, the study area of the urban forest was flown over, generating an orthomosaic that was subsequently divided into 14 parts for training, validation, and testing. The YOLOv7 model was trained with the images to detect A. angustifolia trees present in the area. The results show that model achieved a precision of 79.3%, recall of 86.8%, and Mean Average Precision of 87% during training. Comparative analysis with forest inventory data reveals promising performance in detecting A. angustifolia trees. The average confidence of the model's classification was 76.18 ± 12.88%, with 80.81% being the most frequent classification for the median result. The present study uses the effective integration of UAV technology, YOLOv7 model with deep learning technique to detect and assess tree species in urban ecosystems. This approach provides an important tool for conservation strategies aimed at assessing and managing the tree biodiversity in urban forest remnants.
Impact of hemispherotomy on quality of life and burden of caregivers in children and adolescents: a retrospective observational study.
Authors: Daniel Bruna Frizzera , Leal Suenia Timotheo Figueiredo , Sakamoto Americo Ceiki , Thome Ursula , Machado Helio Rubens , Santos Marcelo Volpon , Santos Antonio Carlos , Hamad Ana Paula Andrade
Published: April 2024

Purpose: To evaluate QOL and caregiver burden of children and teenagers submitted to hemispherotomy for pharmacoresistant epilepsy, by comparing pre and post surgical intervention data.
Materials and methods: Retrospective analysis of pediatric patients submitted to surgical hemispherotomy before intervention (preOP) and their follow-up at 6 months (6M PO) and 2 years (2Y PO) after surgery. QOL was evaluated through the Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy (QVCE-50) questionnaire and caregiver burden, through the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) tool.
Results: Twenty-two patients were included in the study. Sixteen patients (72%) were classified as Engel I at 2Y PO follow-up. QVCE-50 scale showed improvement of total QOL at 2Y PO. In relation to QVCE-50 specific domains, there was an improvement in the physical domain and in the cognitive-education; a decrease in psychological and a stabilization in social/familiar domain scores. The majority of caregivers classified their burden as mild to moderate, with no PO improvement.
Conclusions: Hemispherotomy represents an effective seizure control treatment, as well as it contributes to improvement of QOL, particularly in the physical domain and in spite of children's physical and cognitive limitations. However, no improvement in caregiver burden was observed, probably due to the chronic condition of these patients, which might be worsened by social issues.
Student and lecturer perceptions of the use of an AI to improve communication skills in healthcare: an interview study
Authors: Brodowski Hanna , Dammermann Anna , Kinyara Muriel Marieke , Obst Martina Andrea , Samek Fabian , Peifer Corinna , Roese Katharina
Published: April 2024

Background and objectives Communication is a complex skill and key component for professionals in health care. Complex skills are best learned through experimental learning like role plays or simulated patient encounters. The aim of the present study is to explore how students and lecturers assess the conditions under which the use of an AI-based feedback system can promote the learning process.
Methods An interview study with health profession students and lecturers was conducted using a qualitative descriptive design. Recorded audio data was transcribed and evaluated by structuring qualitative content analysis using deductive and inductive coding. The research process was conducted and continually reflected by an interprofessional research team. Ethical approval was obtained.
Results Using qualitative content analysis, four major themes were identified. These are “conditions”, “communication scenarios”, “AI-based learning platform” and “debriefing”. Lecturers and students welcome the idea of AI providing feedback on verbal and para-verbal aspects. To implement AI-based feedback into a teaching programme AI functionality should be adaptable to the specific situation. Lecturers and students highlighted that AI could be particularly valuable for speech qualities which are often difficult for humans to assess. AI could give freedom to focus on additional aspects of the conversation by documenting desirable speech qualities. Lecturers and students prefer for the AI-based feedback to be given at the end of rather than within the role play. Furthermore, they wish for communication scenarios to be analysed repeatedly in order to track progress.
Conclusion Practicing in a safe environment and receiving competent credible feedback, with lecturers trained in facilitation, is a prerequisite for the entire learning progress.The integration of an AI-based feedback system should be characterised by both flexibility of the AI application and standardisation of the communication scenario.
Comparison of complications associated with diverting stoma after pouch surgery for ulcerative colitis or anterior resection for rectal cancer
Authors: Yoshimura Kosuke , Ohge Hiroki , Watadani Yusuke , Uegami Shinnosuke , Nakashima Ikki , Shimbara Kensuke , Doi Hirofumi , Kitagawa Hiroki , Takahashi Shinya
Published: April 2024

Background: The standard surgical procedure for ulcerative colitis (UC), including UC-associated cancer (UCAC), is total proctocolectomy (TPC) with mucosal resection and ileal-pouch anal anastomosis (IPAA). TPC and IPAA complications should be considered during the perioperative period. This study aimed to clarify problems associated with diverting loop stoma in TPC and IPAA based on complications during stoma construction and perioperative results of stoma closure.
Methods:Thirty-two patients who underwent TPC and IPAA with diverting loop ileostomy for ulcerative colitis (TPC group) and 26 patients who underwent concurrent low anterior resection with diverting loop ileostomy for lower rectal cancer (LAR group) were included. We retrospectively evaluated complications during stoma construction and the perioperative results of stoma closure between the two groups.
Results:The height of the oral side of the stoma was lower in the TPC group than in the LAR group. Stoma-related complications were particularly common. In stoma closure, the TPC group had a higher rate of intestinal resection and a later postoperative resumption of food intake. There were no significant differences in the incidence of Clavien-Dindo Grade 2 or higher complications or length of hospital stay.
Conclusions:Diverting loop stomas constructed withTPC and IPAA had a higher frequency of stoma-related complications and required intestinal resection for stoma closure. With appropriate surgical procedure and postoperative management, the postoperative outcomes were comparable to those of stoma closure in LAR.
Follicular helper and regulatory T cells in bladder cancer draining lymph nodes: clinical and prognostic significance
Authors: Mansourabadi Zahra , Ariafar Ali , Chenari Nooshafarin , Hakimellahi Hossein , Vahidi Yasmin , Faghih Zahra
Published: April 2024

Introduction:
Follicular helper and regulatory T cells (Tfh/TFR) cells are distinct subsets of CD4+ cells that have been recognized for their critical role in regulating cellular reactions within the germinal centers of lymphoid follicles. In the present study, we aimed to determine the presence and the frequency of these cells in draining lymph nodes of patients with bladder cancer (BC).
Methods
Forty-six patients with BC who had undergone radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were enrolled. Following routine pathological examination, a portion of the dissected lymph nodes was minced to obtain a single-cell suspension. Mononuclear cells were then separated using Ficoll-Hypaque gradient centrifugation, and the samples with proper viability (> 95%) were subjected to further analysis. To phenotype the follicular subsets, cells were stained with appropriate fluorochrome-conjugated antibodies specific for CD4, CXCR5, BCL6, and FOXP3. The cells were then acquired on a four-color flow cytometer. The data were analyzed with the FlowJo software version 10.8.1 package.
Results
Our analysis indicated that, on average 37.89 ± 16.36% of CD4+ lymphocytes in draining lymph nodes of patients with BC expressed CXCR5. Most of them (28.73 ± 13.66) were negative for FOXP3, representing helper subsets. A small percent simultaneously expressed BCL6 transcription factor (1.65% ± 1.35), designated as Tfh (CD4+BCL6+CXCR5+FOXP3−). While less than 10% of CD4+ lymphocytes expressed CXCR5 and FOXP3, 1.78 ± 2.54 were also positive for BCL6, known as TFR. Statistical analysis revealed that the frequency of both Tfh and TFR cells was higher in draining lymph nodes of patients with tumor-infiltrated nodes (P = 0.035 and P = 0.079, respectively) compared to those with negative ones. The percentage of these cells (P = 0.031 for both) was also higher in high-grade tumors compared to low-grade ones.
Conclusion
Our data collectively indicated that, however approximately one third of CD4+ lymphocytes expressed CXCR5 and accordingly had the capacity to enter the follicles, less than 2% of them represented Tfh and TFR phenotypes. The percentage of these cells increased in progressed tumors and showed an association with negative prognostic factors.