bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The corrosion properties of steel in pore solutions obtained from alkali‐activated mortars
Authors: Gartner Nina , Kosec Tadeja , Poyet Stéphane , Legat Andraž
Published: March 2023

Alkali‐activated materials (AAMs) are considered a promising alternative to materials made from ordinary Portland cement (OPC). Other than considering the durability of the material itself, the use of AAMs for reinforced concrete elements also raises the question of steel corrosion processes in these materials, which are still relatively unknown. Three different alkali‐activated mortars were prepared for this study, based on either fly ash, slag, or metakaolin. Pore solutions were then extracted from each mortar and chemically analyzed. Electrochemical techniques were used to study the corrosion of steel in synthetic pore solutions containing varying concentrations of chlorides. In parallel, the same corrosion tests were performed in a generic pore solution representing OPC mortar. It was shown that the chemical composition differed in each pore solution tested, thus affecting the corrosion properties of the steel. The addition of chloride also had a varying effect on the corrosion properties of the steel in each type of pore solution tested. This study provided a basic overview of the corrosion behavior and mechanisms of the various AAM environments in comparison to that of OPC.
ACKR3 orchestrates Hedgehog signaling to promote renal cell carcinoma progression
Authors: Tang Chao , Li Lin , Xu Qiang , Xu Shouying , Lin Chao , Cao Bin
Published: March 2023

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is the second commonest urological malignant neoplasm and mortality rate of patients with RCC appears to be increasing each year. Thus, further understanding of the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development and progression of RCC is of particular importance. Here, we report that atypical chemokine receptor 3 (ACKR3) orchestrates the Hedgehog (Hh)‐GLI1 signaling to promote RCC progression. The expression of ACKR3 is elevated in RCC tissues, which is associated with malignant and clinical outcomes of RCC, and ACKR3 expression is positively correlated with GLI1 expression in RCC tissues. Mechanically, Hh promotes RCC progression through GLI1‐mediated ACKR3 transcription by the directly binding of GLI1 to ACKR3 gene, while CXCL12–ACKR3 axis simultaneously enhances Hh activation via the binding of ACKR3 to Smoothened (SMO), a receptor in Hh pathway, resulting in the upregulation of SMO phosphorylation that potentiates downstream signal activity and consequently contributes to RCC progression. Thus, our findings may provide with the evidence of developing a novel treatment method with specific target for RCC.
Local gambling culture and corporate tax aggressiveness: A trait activation perspective on informal institutions
Authors: Zeng Huixiang , Li Xuemei , Zhou Zhifang , Ma Yishuang , Lv Fangting
Published: March 2023

Based on the theory of new institutionalism and trait activation, we empirically evaluated the role of gambling culture on aggressive corporate taxation. A positive association was found between gambling culture and tax aggressiveness, the gambling culture increased the risk preferences of firm executives. The relationship was more pronounced in non‐state‐owned firms, firms with a high proportion of male executives, shortsighted executives, local CEOs, and those located in areas with less intense tax regulation and lower levels of Islamic faith. The findings enrich studies investigating the economic consequences of gambling culture and provide innovative ideas for external regulators to formulate anti‐avoidance measures.
Selenium in modern agriculture
Authors: Huang Jia‐Qiang , Wang Zhao‐Hui , Sun Lv‐Hui , Wang Le‐Li , Yin Yu‐Long
Published: March 2023

Selenium (Se) is a micronutrient necessary in small amounts for the proper organism functioning. Se‐rich agriculture, also known as special agriculture, has the potential to improve agricultural production and produce beneficial agricultural products. This review discusses the various applications of Se in agriculture, including animal husbandry, crop production and aquaculture. It covers Se metabolites, the function and regulation of selenogenomes and selenoproteomes of human and animal food and the recycling of Se in food systems and ecosystems. Finally, the review identifies research needs that will support the basic science and practical applications of dietary Se in modern agriculture.
Dynamic mode decomposition of dynamic MRI for assessment of pulmonary ventilation and perfusion
Authors: Ilicak Efe , Ozdemir Safa , Zapp Jascha , Schad Lothar R. , Zöllner Frank G.
Published: March 2023

Purpose

To introduce dynamic mode decomposition (DMD) as a robust alternative for the assessment of pulmonary functional information from dynamic non‐contrast‐enhanced acquisitions.

Methods

Pulmonary fractional ventilation and normalized perfusion maps were obtained using DMD from simulated phantoms as well as in vivo dynamic acquisitions of healthy volunteers at 1.5T. The performance of DMD was compared with conventional Fourier decomposition (FD) and matrix pencil (MP) methods in estimating functional map values. The proposed method was evaluated based on estimated signal amplitude in functional maps across varying number of measurements.

Results

Quantitative assessments performed on phantoms and in vivo measurements indicate that DMD is capable of successfully obtaining pulmonary functional maps. Specifically, compared to FD and MP methods, DMD is able to reduce variations in estimated amplitudes across different number of measurements. This improvement is evident in the fractional ventilation and normalized perfusion maps obtain from phantom simulations with frequency variations and noise, as well as in the maps obtained from in vivo measurements.

Conclusions

A robust method for accurately estimating pulmonary ventilation and perfusion related signal changes in dynamic acquisitions is presented. The proposed method uses DMD to obtain functional maps reliably, while reducing amplitude variations caused by differences in number of measurements.
An electronic medical record (EMR) prompt improves screening rates for metabolic conditions among children with obesity
Authors: Lee Nolan E. , Parker Melissa M. , Concepcion Josephine Q.
Published: March 2023

Objective

This study evaluated the effectiveness of an automated prompt in the electronic medical record (EMR) to increase screening rates for metabolic conditions and referrals to health education and to improve BMI percentile among children with obesity.

Methods

The intervention used an EMR reminder that provided a panel of lab orders (hemoglobin A1c, lipid panel, and alanine aminotransferase) during clinical encounters among pediatric patients ages 10 to 18 with BMI ≥ 95th percentile. Data on demographics, comorbid conditions, BMI, lab results, and health education referrals were analyzed. Cohorts during the year before (n = 3479) and after (n = 3439) workflow implementation were compared.

Results

The distribution of race/ethnicity among children with obesity was 56% Hispanic, 19% White, 11% Filipino, 4% Pacific Islander, 3% Black, and 1% East/South Asian. Orders for metabolic lab tests increased from 2% in the pre‐workflow period to 52% in the post‐workflow period (p < 0.0001). Completed screening rates improved from 1% to 27% (p < 0.0001). Health education referrals increased from 0.4% to 7% (p < 0.0001). We observed a mean change in BMI percentile of −0.13% (p = 0.06).

Conclusions

This study validates the use of an EMR‐based prompt to improve metabolic lab screening and health education referrals among children with obesity. During the limited period of follow‐up, we found no significant change in BMI percentile.
CDK4/6 inhibitor modulating active and quiescent intestinal stem cells for prevention of chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea
Authors: Xiang Jinnan , Wang Haoyu , Tao Qianqian , Li Wenxi , Huang Yanfei , Zhang Yushuo , Yang Linan , Zhang Shiyi
Published: March 2023

Chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea causes dehydration, debilitation, infection, and even death, but there are currently no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)‐approved drugs for treatment of chemotherapy‐induced diarrhea. It is generally believed that the timely regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) fate may provide a meaningful solution for intestinal injuries. However, the lineage plasticity of ISCs during and after chemotherapy remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrated that palbociclib, a cyclin‐dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitor, regulated the fate of active or quiescent ISCs, provided multilineage protection from the toxicity of several different chemotherapeutics, and accelerated gastrointestinal epithelium recovery. Consistent with in vivo results, we determined that palbociclib enhanced intestinal organoid and ex vivo tissue survival after chemotherapy. Lineage tracing studies have shown that palbociclib protects active ISCs marked by Lgr5 and Olfm4 during chemotherapy and unexpectedly activates quiescent ISCs marked by Bmi1 to immediately participate in crypt regeneration after chemotherapy. Furthermore, palbociclib does not decrease the efficacy of cytotoxic chemotherapy in tumor grafts. The experimental evidence suggests that the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with chemotherapy could reduce damage to the gastrointestinal epithelium in patients. © 2023 The Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland.
Mechanical properties of carbon fiber/PPS laminates processed by hot compression molding under different consolidation cycles
Authors: Montagna Larissa Stieven , Morgado Guilherme Ferreira de Melo , Marini Juliano , Guimarães Alessandro , Passador Fabio Roberto , Rezende Mirabel Cerqueira
Published: March 2023

High‐performance thermoplastic composites based on semipregs of poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) reinforced with carbon fiber (CF) have been widely used in the aerospace industry due to their excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. In this work, CF/PPS laminates were processed by hot compression molding. The processing parameters (pressure and temperature of processing) were investigated as well as the effect of the number of semipreg layers. The neat PPS matrix and CF/PPS semipreg were evaluated by rheological and thermal properties, respectively, to verify the best processing temperature for the CF/PPS composite laminates. The CF/PPS laminates obtained were inspected by ultrasound and differential scanning calorimetry analyses, and then the standardized specimens were prepared. The mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile test and interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) tests. Morphological characteristics of fracture surfaces also were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. The ultrasound inspections showed differences among the processed laminates with the presence of defects mainly around the edges of samples. Based on ultrasound maps, the worst regions of laminates were discharged and not used to cut the specimens utilized in the mechanical characterization. Thermal, mechanical, and morphological analyses of the six laminates processed with different consolidation cycles did not show significant differences, showing good CF‐PPS matrix interface and similar results of crystallization (~23%), tensile strength (776–858 MPa), and ILSS (59–68 MPa).
The importance of myofascial trigger points in chronic neck pain: An ultrasonography preliminary study
Authors: Cankurtaran Damla , Aykın Yığman Zeynep , Güzel Şükran , Umay Ebru
Published: March 2023

Background

Ultrasonographic evaluation of trigger points detected by physical examination in patients with myofascial pain syndrome is being used more frequently in clinical care. However, the sonographic appearance of trigger points, in association with pain and disability, has not been adequately described.

Objective

To reveal the presence of trigger points with ultrasonography in those with myofascial pain syndrome and to determine if ultrasound images can help discriminate between demographic and disease characteristics.

Methods

Fifty‐two participants with chronic neck pain (NP) were in this cross‐sectional study. The pain intensity was evaluated using a 0–10 cm visual analog scale (VAS). The neck disability index measured the NP‐induced disability status of the participants. Ultrasonography was used to measure the thicknesses of the paraspinal muscles and the presence of hypoechoic areas within these muscles.

Results

There was a positive correlation between the VAS scores of the participants and the ultrasonographic detection of myofascial trigger points (MTPs) in the multifidus and middle trapezius muscles (right/left r = .30, p = .027; r = .29, p = .029; r = .32, p = .009, r = .30, p = .011, respectively). These features correlated with the disability levels of the participants and the MTPs on both the right and left sides of the splenius, multifidus, upper trapezius, and middle trapezius (r = .32, p = .028; r = .38, p = .013, r = .25, p = .027; r = .33, p = .016; r = .25, p = .025, r = .32, p = .018, r = .28, p = .013, r = .29, p = .016, respectively). A significant correlation was present between the detection of MTP at ultrasonography and decreased muscle thickness in the relevant muscles (between p = .001 and p = .034).

Conclusion

The detection of MTPs with ultrasonography is associated with the severity of pain and disability in those with chronic NP. Features on ultrasound include hypoechoic changes within muscle and reduced muscle thickness associated with MTPs.
The effect of myofascial and physical therapy on trunk, shoulder, and elbow movement patterns in women with pain and myofascial dysfunctions after breast cancer surgery: Secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial
Authors: De Baets Liesbet , De Groef An , Hagen Michiel , Neven Patrick , Dams Lore , Geraerts Inge , Asnong Anne , De Vrieze Tessa , Vets Nieke , Emmerzaal Jill , Devoogdt Nele
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Secondary upper limb dysfunctions are common after breast cancer treatment. Myofascial treatment may be a valuable physical therapy modality for this problem.

Objective

To investigate the effect of myofascial therapy in addition to physical therapy on shoulder, trunk, and elbow movement patterns in women with pain and myofascial dysfunctions at the upper limb after breast cancer surgery.

Design

A double‐blinded randomized controlled trial.

Setting

Rehabilitation unit of a university hospital.

Participants

Forty‐eight women with persistent pain after finishing breast cancer treatment.

Interventions

Over 3 months, all participants received a standard physical therapy program. The experimental (n = 24) and control group (n = 24) received 12 additional sessions of myofascial therapy or placebo therapy, respectively.

Main outcome measures

Outcomes of interest were movement patterns of the humerothoracic joint, scapulothoracic joint, trunk, and elbow, measured with an optoelectronic measurement system during the performance of a forward flexion and scaption task. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) analyses were used for assessing the effect of treatment on movement patterns between both groups (group × time interaction effect).

Results

A significantly decreased protraction and anterior tilting was found after experimental treatment. No beneficial effects on movement patterns of the humerothoracic joint, trunk, or elbow were found.

Conclusion

Myofascial therapy in addition to a 12‐week standard physical therapy program can decrease scapular protraction and anterior tilting (scapulothoracic joint) during arm movements. Given the exploratory nature of these secondary analyses, the clinical relevance of these results needs to be investigated further.
Impact of the bacterial nasopharyngeal microbiota on the severity of genus enterovirus lower respiratory tract infection in children: A case–control study
Authors: Penela‐Sánchez Daniel , Rocafort Muntsa , Henares Desiree , Jordan Iolanda , Brotons Pedro , Cabrerizo María , Launes Cristian , Muñoz‐Almagro Carmen
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Rhinoviruses (RV) and enteroviruses (EV) are among the main causative etiologies of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children. The clinical spectrum of RV/EV infection is wide, which could be explained by diverse environmental, pathogen‐, and host‐related factors. Little is known about the nasopharyngeal microbiota as a risk factor or disease modifier for RV/EV infection in pediatric patients. This study describes distinct nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles according to RV/EV LRTI status in children.

Methods

Cross‐sectional case–control study, conducted at Hospital Sant de Déu (Barcelona, Spain) from 2017 to 2020. Three groups of children <5 years were included: healthy controls without viral detection (Group A), mild or asymptomatic controls with RV/EV infection (Group B), and cases with severe RV/EV infection admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) (Group C). Nasopharyngeal samples were collected from participants for viral DNA/RNA detection by multiplex‐polymerase chain reaction and bacterial microbiota characterization by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Results

A total of 104 subjects were recruited (A = 17, B = 34, C = 53). Children's nasopharyngeal microbiota composition varied according to their RV/EV infection status. Richness and diversity were decreased among children with severe infection. Nasopharyngeal microbiota profiles enriched in genus Dolosigranulum were related to respiratory health, while genus Haemophilus was specifically predominant in children with severe RV/EV LRTI. Children with mild or asymptomatic RV/EV infection showed an intermediate profile.

Conclusions

These results suggest a close relationship between the nasopharyngeal microbiota and different clinical presentations of RV/EV infection.
ComparePD: Improving protein–DNA complex model comparison with hydrogen bond energy‐based metrics
Authors: Malik Fareeha Kanwal , Guo Jun‐tao
Published: March 2023

Computational modeling of protein–DNA complex structures has important implications in biomedical applications such as structure‐based, computer aided drug design. A key step in developing methods for accurate modeling of protein–DNA complexes is similarity assessment between models and their reference complex structures. Existing methods primarily rely on distance‐based metrics and generally do not consider important functional features of the complexes, such as interface hydrogen bonds that are critical to specific protein–DNA interactions. Here, we present a new scoring function, ComparePD, which takes interface hydrogen bond energy and strength into account besides the distance‐based metrics for accurate similarity measure of protein–DNA complexes. ComparePD was tested on two datasets of computational models of protein–DNA complexes generated using docking (classified as easy, intermediate, and difficult cases) and homology modeling methods. The results were compared with PDDockQ, a modified version of DockQ tailored for protein–DNA complexes, as well as the metrics employed by the community‐wide experiment CAPRI (Critical Assessment of PRedicted Interactions). We demonstrated that ComparePD provides an improved similarity measure over PDDockQ and the CAPRI classification method by considering both conformational similarity and functional importance of the complex interface. ComparePD identified more meaningful models as compared to PDDockQ for all the cases having different top models between ComparePD and PDDockQ except for one intermediate docking case.
A Toll‐like receptor‐4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway promotes inflammation in skeletal muscle of chronic kidney disease patients
Authors: Verzola Daniela , Esposito Pasquale , Milanesi Samantha , Saio Michela , Picciotto Daniela , Frascio Marco , Laudon Alessandro , Garibotto Giacomo , Brunori Giuliano , Viazzi Francesca
Published: March 2023

Background

An emerging hypothesis is that the activation of innate immunity in the muscle of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is implicated in the development and progression of wasting and cachexia. We previously observed that Toll‐like receptor‐4 (TLR4) and its downward NF‐κB‐dependent pro‐inflammatory pathways are activated in CKD muscle. It is however unknown if TLR4 can activate the TLR4/NOD, LRR, and pyrin domain‐containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway, which is implicated in cardiovascular disease and frailty, clinical settings that are commonly observed in CKD patients.

Methods

In a case–control cohort study, we hypothesized that a TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway is activated in skeletal muscle in uraemia. First, we studied the regulation TLR4/NLRP3/caspase‐1 in skeletal muscle biopsies (20M/11F) obtained from 31 non‐diabetic CKD5 patients (eGFR 8 ± 1 mL/min 1.73 m2) scheduled for peritoneal dialysis catheter insertion and 15 controls (10M/5F, eGFR 99 ± 6 mL/min 1.73 m2). Second, the effects of uraemic serum on the TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome pathway were studied in C2C12 cells.

Results

In the muscle of CKD subjects, NLRP3 mRNA as well as its protein were overexpressed (by ~16‐fold, respectively, P < 0.05 both vs. controls). Both IL‐1β and IL‐18 mRNA expressions were also up‐regulated (~11.8–3.2‐fold, respectively, P < 0.05). Also, cleaved caspase‐1 was overexpressed in CKD muscle samples (P < 0.001 vs. controls). Both muscle NLRP3 mRNA (n = 22, r = −0.606, P < 0.01) and logIL‐1 β protein (n = 26, r = −0.460, P < 0.02) were inversely associated with residual renal function, which suggests that the inflammasome is progressively activated in skeletal muscle of CKD patients as the residual renal function deteriorates. In addition, we observed that in C2C12 myotubes, uraemic serum up‐regulates NLRP3 mRNA (~11‐fold increase, P < 0.05), cleaved caspase‐1 (by ~5‐fold, P < 0.05), Il‐1β mRNA (~3‐fold increase, P < 0.05) and oxidative stress markers respect to normal serum. These effects were prevented by TAK‐242, a selective TLR4 inhibitor.

Conclusions

Overall, our data demonstrate the activation of TLR4/NLRP3/caspase‐1 inflammasome and its downward inflammatory cascade in the muscle of subjects with advanced‐stage CKD and suggest targeting TLR4/NLRP3 inflammasome as a new therapeutic strategy to blunt muscle inflammation in CKD.
Carbon Dots and Tumor Antigen Conjugates as Nanovaccines for Elevated Cancer Immunotherapy
Authors: Liu Hongxin , Xie Zhigang , Zheng Min
Published: March 2023

Cancer immunotherapy has become one of the current research hotspots. However, the deficiencies including restricted immunogenicity, insufficient antigen presentation, and low responsive rate limited their therapeutic applications. Own to the small size and excellent biocompatibility, carbon dots (CDs) can serve as nanovectors to improve the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. Herein, a tumor antigen‐based nanovaccines (GMal+B16F10‐Ag and GMal+CT26‐Ag) by the conjugation of CDs with the tumor cell‐derived antigens (B16F10‐Ag and CT26‐Ag) is constructed. These nanovaccines can be effectively taken up by dendritic cells (DC2.4), promote DC cell maturation, cross‐present the antigen to T cells, specifically target B16F10 melanoma or CT26 colon cancers, and inhibit tumor growth distinctly. This work illustrates the promise of CDs acting as versatile carriers for antigen delivery to achieve the optimal immunotherapeutic outcomes.
Large‐Scale, Uniform‐Patterned CsCu2I3 Films for Flexible Solar‐Blind Photodetectors Array with Ultraweak Light Sensing
Authors: Lu Qiuchun , Zhang Yufei , Yang Guanlin , Xiong Meiling , Wu Wenqiang , Xu Zhangsheng , Lu Hui , Liang Yegang , He Zeping , Yu Yang , Mo Xiaoming , Han Xun , Pan Caofeng
Published: March 2023

Cesium copper halide perovskite is one of the promising materials for solar‐blind light detection. However, most of the cesium copper halide perovskite‐based photodetectors (PDs) are focused on ultraviolet A detection and realized on the rigid substrate in the single device configuration. Here, a flexible solar‐blind PDs array (10 × 10 pixels) based on the CsCu2I3 film patterns for ultraweak light sensing and light distribution imaging is reported. Large‐scale CsCu2I3 film arrays are synthesized with various shapes and uniform dimensions through a simple vacuum‐heating‐assisted solution method. Benefiting from excellent air stability and superior resistance to the photodegrading of the CsCu2I3 film, the array device exhibits long‐term stable photoswitching behavior for 8 h and ultralow light detection capability to resolve the light intensity of 6.1 nW cm−2 with a high responsivity of 62 A W−1, and the array device can acquire clear images of “G”, “X”, and “U” showing the input light distribution. Moreover, the flame detection and warning system based on a curved solar‐blind PDs array is demonstrated, which can be used for multi‐flame monitoring and locating. These results can encourage potential applications of the CsCu2I3 film‐based PDs array in the field of optical communication and environment monitoring.
Shaping Sulfur Precursors to Low Dimensional (0D, 1D and 2D) Sulfur Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization, Mechanism, Functionalization, and Applications
Authors: Lu Wenyi , Wei Zitong , Guo Wenxuan , Yan Chengcheng , Ding Zhaolong , Wang Chunxia , Huang Guoyong , Rotello Vincent M.
Published: March 2023

Low‐dimensional sulfur nanomaterials featuring with 0D sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs), sulfur nanodots (SNDs) and sulfur quantum dots (SQDs), 1D sulfur nanorods (SNRs), and 2D sulfur nanosheets (SNSs) have emerged as an environmentally friendly, biocompatible class of metal‐free nanomaterials, sparking extensive interest in a wide range application. In this review, various synthetic methods, precise characterization, creative formation mechanism, delicate functionalization, and versatile applications of low dimensional sulfur nanomaterials over the last decades are systematically summarized. Initially, it is striven to summarize the progress of low dimensional sulfur nanomaterials from versatile precursors by using different synthetic approaches and various characterization. Then, a multi‐faceted proposed formation mechanism with emphasis on how these different precursors produce corresponding SNPs, SNDs, SQDs, SNRs, and SNSs is highlighted. Besides, it is essential to fine‐tune the surface functional groups of low dimensional sulfur nanomaterials to form new complex nanomaterials. Finally, these sulfur nanomaterials are being investigated in bio‐sensing, bio‐imaging, lithium–sulfur batteries, antibacterial activities, plant growth along with future perspective and challenges in emerging fields. The purpose of this review is to tailor low dimensional nanomaterials through accurately selecting precursors or synthetic approach and provide a foundation for the formation of versatile sulfur nanostructure.
A peirosaurid mandible from the Albian–Cenomanian (Lower Cretaceous) of Algeria and the taxonomic content of Hamadasuchus (Crocodylomorpha, Peirosauridae)
Authors: Pochat‐Cottilloux Yohan , Perrier Vincent , Amiot Romain , Martin Jeremy E.
Published: March 2023

Peirosaurids form an extinct clade of terrestrial crocodylomorphs from the Cretaceous of Africa and South America. Here, we describe a new mandibular ramus attributable to Hamadasuchus cf. rebouli from the Albian–Cenomanian of La Gara Samani (Algeria). We propose an emended diagnosis for this taxon, originally described from a left dentary fragment from the Kem Kem Group of Morocco and discuss the assignment of the specimens currently referred to it. Using ontogenetic series of extant crocodylians, we show that several mandibular characters commonly used to differentiate between close taxa instead record intraspecific or ontogenetic variability. In contrast, reliable mandibular characters enable us to propose that the current taxonomic content of Hamadasuchus rebouli should be reduced to three specimens, pending future description of relatable cranial remains. Finally, we demonstrate the importance of mandibular characters in phylogenies, by recovering the new specimen from La Gara Samani as closely related to North African peirosaurids on the basis of a data matrix designed solely on mandibular characters.
In/Outdoor Organic Solar Cells with Effective Photon‐Harvesting by Introducing Light‐Amplification Layer with Eco‐Friendly QDs
Authors: Kim Ji Hyeon , Kim Ye Chan , Kim Ji Youn , Lee Hyoung Seok , Han Yong Woon , Lee Ho Won , Moon Doo Kyung
Published: March 2023

Quantum dot organic solar cells (QD‐OSCs) have received considerable attention because of the luminescent property of QDs and the good miscibility due to the organic ligand in the shell. However, the use of Cd‐ or Pb‐based QDs is limited due to toxicity. Hence, Zn–Cu–In–S/ZnS QDs (ZQs) as nontoxic QDs are used in this study for the light‐amplification layer (LAL), consisting of sub‐donor (sub‐D, D18‐Cl) and QDs. The LAL applied between the hole transfer layer (HTL) and bulk heterojunction (BHJ, PM6:BTP‐eC9), ensurs effective photon amplification and high morphological stability. In particular, the ligands of ZQs constituting LAL interact with D18‐Cl and PM6:BTP‐eC9 to align molecular orientation and improve interface contact. The sub‐D/BHJ structure in which sub‐D and BHJ are introduced by layer‐by‐layer (LBL) coating method solves problems such as morphology degradation and stability degradation due to the complexity of existing ternary system. The sub‐D/BHJ, an effective ternary structure, shows a higher performance (17.06%) than the BHJ system (16.66%). Meanwhile, the LAL/BHJ shows not only the highest performance of 17.6% but also outstanding stability (93.6% after 1000 h). This study demonstrates effective energy harvesting through QDs and introduces an optimal QD‐OSCs structure strategy for high‐efficiency, high‐stability OSCs.
The Status of Representative Anode Materials for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Du Chenyu , Zhao Zengying , Liu Hao , Song Fangyu , Chen Leilei , Cheng Yan , Guo Zhanhu
Published: March 2023

Since the invention of lithium‐ion batteries as a rechargeable energy storage system, it has uncommonly promoted the development of society. It has a wide variety of applications in electronic equipment, electric automobiles, hybrid vehicles, and aerospace. As an indispensable component of lithium‐ion batteries, anode materials play an essential role in the electrochemical characteristics of lithium‐ion batteries. In this review, we described the development from lithium‐metal batteries to lithium‐ion batteries in detail on the time axis as the first step; This was followed by an introduction to several commonly used anode materials, including graphite, silicon, and transition metal oxide with discussions the charge‐discharge mechanism, challenges and corresponding strategies, and a collation of recent interesting work; Finally, three anode materials are summarized and prospected. Hopefully, this review can serve both the newcomers and the predecessors in the field.
Naringenin facilitates M2 macrophage polarization after myocardial ischemia–reperfusion by promoting nuclear translocation of transcription factor EB and inhibiting the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway
Authors: Ma Kuiying , Liu Wenqing , Liu Qi , Hu Pengfei , Bai Lingyu , Yu Miao , Yang Yan
Published: March 2023

Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MIRI) remains an unsolved puzzle in medical circles. Naringenin (NAR) is a flavonoid with cardioprotective potential. The purpose of this article was to discuss the protective mechanism of NAR in MIRI by regulating macrophage polarization. The MIRI mouse model was established and perfused with NAR before surgery. In the in vitro experiment, macrophages RAW264.7 were treated with lipopolysaccharide to induce M1 polarization after pretreatment with NAR. Rescue experiments were carried out to validate the functions of transcription factor EB (TFEB), the NLR pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, and autophagy in macrophage polarization. NAR reduced histopathological injury and infarction of myocardial tissues in MIRI mice, inhibited M1 polarization and promoted M2 polarization of macrophages, diminished levels of pro‐inflammatory factors, and augmented levels of anti‐inflammatory factors. NAR facilitated TFEB nuclear translocation and inhibited the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Silencing TFEB or Nigericin partly nullified the effect of NAR on macrophage polarization. NAR increased autophagosome formation, autophagy flux, and autophagy level. Autophagy inhibitor 3‐methyladenine partly invalidated the inhibition of NAR on the NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. In animal experiments, NAR protected MIRI mice through the TFEB‐autophagy‐NLRP3 inflammasome pathway. Collectively, NAR inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation and facilitated M2 macrophage polarization by stimulating TFEB nuclear translocation, thus protecting against MIRI.
Photocatalytic activity of biosynthesized silver nanoparticle fosters oxidative stress at nanoparticle interface resulting in antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Sahoo Banishree , Rath Sandip Kumar , Champati Bibhuti Bhusan , Panigrahi Lipsa Leena , Pradhan Arun Kumar , Nayak Sanghamitra , Kar Bikash Ranjan , Jha Suman , Arakha Manoranjan
Published: March 2023

Inside the biological milieu, nanoparticles with photocatalytic activity have potential to trigger cell death non‐specifically due to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) upon reacting with biological entities. Silver nanoparticle (AgNP) possessing narrow band gap energy can exhibit high light absorption property and significant photocatalytic activity. This study intends to explore the effects of ROS generated due to photocatalytic activity of AgNP on antimicrobial and cytotoxic propensities. To this end, AgNP was synthesized using the principle of green chemistry from the peel extract of Punica granatum L., and was characterized using UV–Vis spectroscope, transmission electron microscope and x‐ray diffraction, and so forth. The antimicrobial activity of AgNP against studied bacteria indicated that, ROS generated at AgNP interface develop stress on bacterial membrane leading to bacterial cell death, whereas Alamar Blue dye reduction assay indicated that increased cytotoxic activity with increasing concentrations of AgNP. The γH2AX activity assay revealed that increasing the concentrations of AgNP increased DNA damaging activity. The results altogether demonstrated that both antimicrobial and cytotoxic propensities are triggered primarily due interfacial ROS generation by photocatalytic AgNP, which caused membrane deformation in bacteria and DNA damage in HT1080 cells resulting in cell death.
Baicalein suppresses HER2‐mediated malignant transformation of HER2‐overexpressing ovarian cancer cells by downregulating HER2 gene expression
Authors: Chuang Tzu‐Chao , Fang Guan‐Shiun , Hsu Shih‐Chung , Lee Yi‐Jen , Shao Wei‐Syun , Wang Vinchi , Lee Shou‐Lun , Kao Ming‐Ching , Ou Chien‐Chih
Published: March 2023

The upregulation of the HER2 oncogene is associated with a variety of human cancers and is associated with poor prognosis. Baicalein is reported to have anti‐tumor activity, but the molecular mechanism of this effect in HER2‐positive cancer cells has not been studied. In this study, our data showed that baicalein can inhibit the proliferation and transformation potential of ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2. Baicalein treatment caused a dose‐dependent inhibition of HER2 gene expression at the transcriptional level. Baicalein acted on ovarian cancer cells overexpressing HER2 to downregulate the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway downstream of HER2 and inhibit the expression or activity of downstream targets, such as VEGF and cyclin D1 and MMP2. Oral administration of baicalein supplemented with a pharmaceutical excipient significantly inhibited the growth of HER2‐overexpressing ovarian SKOV‐3 cancer xenografts in mice. These results suggest that downregulation of HER2 gene expression by baicalein at the transcriptional level contributes to inhibit the in vitro and in vivo proliferation and HER2‐mediated malignant transformation of HER2‐overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.
Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) promoted hepatic lipid accumulation by activating Notch signaling pathway
Authors: Zhang Yuezhu , Qian Honghao , Wang Jia , Zhu Ying , Miao Xiaohan , Li Xu , Yin Jianli , Zhang Ruxuan , Ye Jiaming , Huo Chuanyi , Zhao Weisen , Ye Lin
Published: March 2023

Di‐(2‐ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and mono‐2‐ethylhexyl phthalate (MEHP) can induce hepatic lipid metabolism disorders, while the molecular mechanism still remain unknown. We aim to explore the underlying mechanism of Notch signaling pathway on hepatic lipid accumulation induced by DEHP/MEHP. A total of 40 male wistar rats were exposed to DEHP (0, 5, 50, and 500 mg/kg/d) for 8 weeks, BRL‐3A hepatocytes were exposed to MEHP (0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 μM) for 24 h. About 50 μM DAPT and 100 μg/mL Aspirin were used to inhibit Notch pathway and prevent inflammation, respectively. Real‐Time PCR was performed to detect the mRNA expression, western blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the protein expression. Lipids and inflammatory factors levels were determined by commercial kits. The results showed that DEHP/MEHP promoted the expression of Notch pathway molecules and lipids accumulation in rat livers/BRL‐3A cells. The up‐regulated Notch receptors were correlated with the TG levels in the rat liver. MEHP increased the levels of IL‐8 and IL‐1β. The lipids levels were reduced after anti‐inflammation. The inhibition of Notch pathway reversed the elevation of inflammation and lipid accumulation caused by MEHP. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that DEHP/MEHP led to lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by up‐regulating Notch pathway and the inflammation might play a key role in the process.
Borax regulates iron chaperone‐ and autophagy‐mediated ferroptosis pathway in glioblastoma cells
Authors: Hacioglu Ceyhan , Kar Fatih , Davran Fatih , Tuncer Cengiz
Published: March 2023

Glioblastoma (GBM) is classified as a stage‐IV glioma. Unfortunately, there are currently no curative treatments for GBM. Poly(rC)‐binding protein 1 (PCBP1) is a cytosolic iron chaperone with diverse functions. PCBP1 is also known to regulate autophagy, but the role of PCBP1 in ferroptosis, iron‐dependent cell death pathway, remains unrevealed in GBM cells. Here, we investigated the effects of borax, a boron compound, on the ferroptosis signaling pathway mediated by PCBP1 and autophagy. The study analyzed cell viability, proliferation, and cell cycle on U87‐MG and HMC3 cells to investigate the effects of borax. After determining the cytotoxic concentrations of borax, morphological analyzes and measurement of PCBP1, Beclin1, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) and acyl‐CoA synthetase long chain family member 4 (ACSL4) levels were performed. Finally, expression levels of PCBP1, Beclin1, GPx4 and ACSL4, and caspase‐3/7 activity were determined. We found that borax reduced U87‐MG cell viability in a concentration‐ and time‐dependent manner. Additionally, borax altered cell proliferation and remarkably reduced S phase in the U87‐MG cells and exhibited selectivity by having an opposite effect on normal cells (HMC3). According to DAPI staining, borax caused nuclear deficits in U87‐MG cells. The result showed that borax in U87‐MG cells induced reduction of the PCBP1, GSH, and GPx4 and enhancement of Beclin1, MDA, and ACSL4. Furthermore, borax triggered apoptosis by activating caspase 3/7 in U87‐MG cells. Our study indicated that the borax has potential as an anticancer treatment for GBM via regulating PCBP1/Beclin1/GPx4/ACSL4 signaling pathways.
A retrospective review of small intestinal intussusception in 126 cattle in Switzerland
Authors: Braun Ueli , Gerspach Christian , Volz Claudia , Boesiger Muriel , Hilbe Monika , Nuss Karl
Published: March 2023

Background

Intussusception is a form of ileus of the intestines in which an oral intestinal segment slides into the adjacent aboral intestinal segment, causing obstruction of the bowel.

Methods

We analysed the medical records of 126 cattle with intussusception of the small intestine.

Results

Demeanour and appetite were abnormal in 123 cattle. Non‐specific signs of pain occurred in 26.2%, signs of visceral pain in 46.8% and signs of parietal pain in 56.4%. Intestinal motility was decreased or absent in 93.7% of the cattle. The most common findings of transrectal palpation were rumen dilation (37.3%) and dilated small intestines (24.6%). In 96% of the cattle, the rectum was empty or contained little faeces. The principal laboratory findings were hypokalaemia (89.6%), hypocalcaemia (76.5%), base excess (72.9%), hypochloraemia (71.8%), azotaemia (62.1%) and haemoconcentration (61.1%). The main ultrasonographic findings were reduced or absent intestinal motility (98.2%) and dilated small intestines (96.0%). A diagnosis of ileus was made in 87.8% and a diagnosis of ileus attributable to intussusception was made in another 9.8%. Right‐flank laparotomy was carried out in 114 cattle. Fifty‐six (44.4%) cows were discharged.

Conclusions

Clinical findings of intussusception in cattle are often non‐specific. Ultrasonography may be required to diagnose ileus.
Critical parameters to translate gold nanoparticles as radiosensitizing agents into the clinic
Authors: Moloudi Kave , Khani Ali , Najafi Masoud , Azmoonfar Rasool , Azizi Mehdi , Nekounam Houra , Sobhani Mahsa , Laurent Sophie , Samadian Hadi
Published: March 2023

Radiotherapy is an inevitable choice for cancer treatment that is applied as combinatorial therapy along with surgery and chemotherapy. Nevertheless, radiotherapy at high doses kills normal and tumor cells at the same time. In addition, some tumor cells are resistant to radiotherapy. Recently, many researchers have focused on high‐Z nanomaterials as radiosensitizers for radiotherapy. Among them, gold nanoparticles (GNPs) have shown remarkable potential due to their promising physical, chemical, and biological properties. Although few clinical trial studies have been performed on drug delivery and photosensitization with lasers, GNPs have not yet received Food and Drug Administration approval for use in radiotherapy. The sensitization effects of GNPs are dependent on their concentration in cells and x‐ray energy deposition during radiotherapy. Notably, some limitations related to the properties of the GNPs, including their size, shape, surface charge, and ligands, and the radiation source energy should be resolved. At the first, this review focuses on some of the challenges of using GNPs as radiosensitizers and some biases among in vitro/in vivo, Monte Carlo, and clinical studies. Then, we discuss the challenges in the clinical translation of GNPs as radiosensitizers for radiotherapy and proposes feasible solutions. And finally, we suggest that certain areas be considered in future research.

This article is categorized under:

Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > NA
Cyclooxygenase‐2 as a therapeutic target against human breast cancer: A comprehensive review
Authors: Sahu Ankita , Raza Khalid , Pradhan Dibyabhaba , Jain Arun Kumar , Verma Saurabh
Published: March 2023

Cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) is a key aspect of the physiology and pathogenesis of various cancer types. Overexpression of this enzyme is responsible for the elevated prostaglandin production and characteristic feature of breast cancer. Inhibition of COX‐2 derived prostanoids facilitates anti‐inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects of non‐steroid anti‐inflammation drugs. The overexpression of COX‐2 is associated with inflammation, pain, and fever. The present study provides the updated relevant literature describing the role of well‐characterized isoforms of cyclooxygenase with particular emphasis on COX‐2, mechanism of action, the effect of the drug, combinatorial drugs, and microarray‐based differential expression analysis and network analysis. We have discussed the currently used combinatorial treatments and their challenges in breast cancer.

This article is categorized under:

Cancer > Computational Models

Cancer > Molecular and Cellular Physiology
Marine Protected Areas as Tools for Ocean Sustainability
Authors: Gonçalves Emanuel J.
Published: March 2023

Science is clear in showing that we are facing two existential challenges: a climate emergency and a species extinction crisis. These challenges are rooted in the extractive and linear economic model we have globally adopted, in which economic development is intertwined with the destruction of nature. Europe has recently responded politically by adopting the European Green Deal with a set of policies aimed at transforming the EU economy envisaging a future with no net carbon emissions and where economic growth is decoupled from resource use. Despite the dire state of the ocean and the urgency to implement effective solutions, we continue to witness the loss of nature and, with it, the loss of current and future economic and social value. Marine protected areas (MPAs) are one of the most effective solutions to address these challenges. There is, however, the need to clarify what these area-based management tools are, how they can provide benefits, what conditions must be met to ensure they are effective, and how a strategy can be adopted to increase the breadth, speed and success of efficient MPAs to save what is left in the ocean, allow ecosystems to recover, and build sustainable jobs and economic growth.
Genetic Engineering and the Law—Past, Present and Beyond: 20+1 Criteria to Help Focus the Path to Our Common Future
Authors: Silva Margarida
Published: March 2023

Genetic engineering (GE) is a powerful molecular tool deployed daily in life sciences labs everywhere. When taken out into the world complex issues arise, many unanswered to this day. Three moments in time are considered in this analysis: the past, with the first generation of genetically modified (transgenic) crops, the present, focusing on the current generation of new breeding techniques, and the future, looking into what synthetic biology and cell manufacturing have promised. Twenty criteria that have shown promise in winnowing sustainability from failure, drawn from history, ecology and the law, are applied as tests to help understand whether society is moving towards the right outcome. An additional 21st criterion is suggested and an urgent call for change is issued.
Pollution and Law
Authors: Pintado Manuela , Aragão Alexandra
Published: March 2023

Pollution law is the result of decades of legislative evolution in environmental law. The inherent complexity of pollution has legal consequences. Pollution norms are not compiled into one single harmonised pollution law and much less a “pollution code”. This makes it much harder to know, interpret, apply, monitor and implement pollution laws, and to apply sanctions to the violations of those laws. The final reason that explains and justifies efforts to regulate, tax, charge for, clean up, supervise and sanction pollution is protection of the victims of pollution. Intensive linear economic activity, which ignores the limits of the environment and the resulting long-term damage, is depleting the planet’s resources. It is therefore crucial to implement strategies and solutions that enable pollution prevention and that maximise the value of resources. Pollution prevention must be proactive and needs a pre-planned strategy. Current and future generations deserve a pollution-free world. Pollution is a battle that can be won.
How are automated vehicles driving spatial development in Switzerland?
Authors: Perret Fabienne , Abegg Christof
Published: March 2023

Automated transport will gradually reshape our definition of mobility, and the change it brings will hardly make a stop at Switzerland’s borders. In recent years and with increasing intensity, researchers, policymakers and practitioners have been engaging with automated driving. In many respects, discussions mirror those in other countries, though they are much more strongly driven and shaped by public transport providers than by car manufacturers.