bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of and Solution to the Polar Numerical Noise Within the Shallow‐Water Model on the Latitude‐Longitude Grid
Authors: Li Jianghao , Wang Bin , Dong Li
Published: July 2020

This study conducts an analysis of the polar numerical noise in the barotropic shallow‐water version of the Grid‐point Atmospheric Model of IAP LASG (GAMIL‐SW) and provides a good solution to the problem. GAMIL‐SW suffers from numerical noise in the polar region in some ideal test cases, which is likely to be detrimental to the full physical model. The noise is suspected to be related to the nonlinear advection term in the momentum equation. Thus, a new shallow‐water model with a vector‐invariant form of the momentum equation is developed on the latitude‐longitude grid to analyze the polar noise. It is found that the version with meridional wind component staggered on the pole is free from noise, while the version with zonal wind component staggered on the pole is still contaminated. By redefining the polar relative vorticity, the polar noise is eliminated in the latter version, and the global conservation properties are maintained. In addition, the test cases demonstrate that the new shallow‐water model maintains the properties of the original GAMIL‐SW with respect to numerical accuracy and computational stability. This study helps to identify appropriate governing equations to further develop the next generation of GAMIL dynamical core.
Depression, obesity and their comorbidity during pregnancy: effects on the offspring’s mental and physical health
Authors: Cattane Nadia , Räikkönen Katri , Anniverno Roberta , Mencacci Claudio , Riva Marco A. , Pariante Carmine M. , Cattaneo Annamaria
Published: July 2020

Depression and obesity represent two of the most common complications during pregnancy and are associated with severe health risks for both the mother and the child. Although several studies have analysed the individual effects of depression or obesity on the mothers and their children, the effects associated with the co-occurrence of both disorders have so far been poorly investigated. The relationship between depression and obesity is very complex and it is still unclear whether maternal depression leads to obesity or vice versa. It is well known that the intrauterine environment plays an important role in mediating the effects of both depression and obesity in the mother on the fetal programming, increasing the child’s risk to develop negative outcomes.
CXCL5 promotes gastric cancer metastasis by inducing epithelial-mesenchymal transition and activating neutrophils
Authors: Mao Zheying , Zhang Jiahui , Shi Yinghong , Li Wei , Shi Hui , Ji Runbi , Mao Fei , Qian Hui , Xu Wenrong , Zhang Xu
Published: July 2020

Deregulated expression of chemokines in tumor microenvironment contributes to tumor metastasis by targeting distinct cells. Epithelial-derived neutrophil-activating peptide-78 (ENA78/CXCL5) is upregulated in many cancers and involved in tumor progression. The role and underlying mechanism of CXCL5 in gastric cancer (GC) metastasis remain unclear. In this study, we reported that the expression of CXCL5 was elevated in tumor tissues and positively associated with lymphatic metastasis and tumor differentiation. Stimulation by recombinant human CXCL5 (rhCXCL5) induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in GC cells through the activation of ERK pathway, which enhanced their migration and invasion abilities. The culture supernatant from tumor tissues also enhanced the migration and invasion abilities of GC cells, however, this effect was reversed by pre-treatment with CXCL5 neutralizing antibody. Further studies showed that rhCXCL5 could induce the expression of IL-6 and IL-23 in neutrophils through the activation of ERK and p38 signaling pathways, which in turn facilitated GC cell migration and invasion. The culture supernatant from tumor tissues showed similar effects on neutrophils in a CXCL5-dependent manner. Blockade of IL-6 and IL-23 with neutralizing antibodies reversed the induction of EMT and the increased migration and invasion abilities in GC cells by CXCL5-activated neutrophils. Moreover, CXCL5 activated neutrophils could promote gastric cancer metastasis in vivo. Taken together, our results indicate that CXCL5 acts on gastric cancer cells to induce EMT and mediates pro-tumor activation of neutrophils, which synergistically promotes the metastatic ability of GC cells.
TGR5-HNF4α axis contributes to bile acid-induced gastric intestinal metaplasia markers expression
Authors: Ni Zhen , Min Yali , Han Chuan , Yuan Ting , Lu Wenquan , Ashktorab Hassan , Smoot Duane T. , Wu Qiong , Wu Jian , Zeng Weizheng , Shi Yongquan
Published: July 2020

Intestinal metaplasia (IM) increases the risk of gastric cancer. Our previous results indicated that bile acids (BAs) reflux promotes gastric IM development through kruppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) and caudal-type homeobox 2 (CDX2) activation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain largely elusive. Herein, we verified that secondary BAs responsive G-protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1, also known as TGR5) was increased significantly in IM specimens. Moreover, TGR5 contributed to deoxycholic acid (DCA)-induced metaplastic phenotype through positively regulating KLF4 and CDX2 at transcriptional level. Then we employed PCR array and identified hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) as a candidate mediator. Mechanically, DCA treatment could induce HNF4α expression through TGR5 and following ERK1/2 pathway activation. Furthermore, HNF4α mediated the effects of DCA treatment through directly regulating KLF4 and CDX2. Finally, high TGR5 levels were correlated with high HNF4α, KLF4, and CDX2 levels in IM tissues. These findings highlight the TGR5-ERK1/2-HNF4α axis during IM development in patients with BAs reflux, which may help to understand the mechanism underlying IM development and provide prospective strategies for IM treatment.
Field-induced resistance peak in a superconducting niobium thin film proximity coupled to a surface reconstructed SrTiO3
Authors: Singh Akhilesh Kr. , Kar Uddipta , Redell Matthew D. , Wu Tsung-Chi , Peng Wei-Hsiang , Das Bipul , Kumar Satish , Lee Wei-Cheng , Lee Wei-Li
Published: July 2020

Oxygen vacancy is known to play an important role for the physical properties in SrTiO3(STO)-based systems. On the surface, rich structural reconstructions had been reported owing to the oxygen vacancies, giving rise to metallic surface states and unusual surface phonon modes. More recently, an intriguing phenomenon of a huge superconducting transition temperature enhancement was discovered in a monolayer FeSe on STO substrate, where the surface reconstructed STO (SR-STO) may play a role. In this work, SR-STO substrates were prepared via thermal annealing in ultra-high vacuum followed by low energy electron diffraction analyses on surface structures. Thin Nb films with different thicknesses (d) were then deposited on the SR-STO. The detailed studies of the magnetotransport and superconducting property in the Al(1 nm)/Nb(d)/SR-STO samples revealed a large positive magnetoresistance and a pronounced resistance peak near the onset of the resistive superconducting transition in the presence of an in-plane field. Remarkably, the amplitude of the resistance peak increases with increasing fields, reaching a value of nearly 57% of the normal state resistance at 9 T. Such resistance peaks were absent in the control samples of Al(1 nm)/Nb(d)/STO and Al(1 nm)/Nb(d)/SiO2. Combining with DFT calculations for SR-STO, we attribute the resistance peak to the interface resistance from the proximity coupling of the superconducting niobium to the field-enhanced long-range magnetic order in SR-STO that arises from the spin-polarized in-gap states due to oxygen vacancies.
A benchmark dataset of protein antigens for antigenicity measurement
Authors: Qiu Tianyi , Qiu Jingxuan , Yang Yiyan , Zhang Lu , Mao Tiantian , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing , Cao Zhiwei
Published: July 2020

Antigenicity measurement plays a fundamental role in vaccine design, which requires antigen selection from a large number of mutants. To augment traditional cross-reactivity experiments, computational approaches for predicting the antigenic distance between multiple protein antigens are highly valuable. The performance of in silico models relies heavily on large-scale benchmark datasets, which are scattered among public databases and published articles or reports. Here, we present the first benchmark dataset of protein antigens with experimental evidence to guide in silico antigenicity calculations. This dataset includes (1) standard haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests for 3,867 influenza A/H3N2 strain pairs, (2) standard HI tests for 559 influenza virus B strain pairs, and (3) neutralization titres derived from 1,073 Dengue virus strain pairs. All of these datasets were collated and annotated with experimentally validated antigenicity relationships as well as sequence information for the corresponding protein antigens. We anticipate that this work will provide a benchmark dataset for in silico antigenicity prediction that could be further used to assist in epidemic surveillance and therapeutic vaccine design for viruses with variable antigenicity.
Proteomics-based screening of the target proteins associated with antidepressant-like effect and mechanism of nimesulide
Authors: Luo Wen , Luo Ying , Yang Junqing
Published: July 2020

Nimesulide is an inhibitor of COX-2 with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, few studies have explored the antidepressant mechanism of nimesulide. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic effects of nimesulide on CUMS rats. iTRAQ technology was used to identify the differentially expressed protein in the hippocampus between CUMS and nimesulide-treated rats to identify the possible molecular mechanism of its effects. We found that nimesulide had positive effects on depressive-like behaviors and inflammatory factors in depressed rats. Using proteomics technologies, we screened 16 differentially expressed proteins in CUMS-exposed rats after nimesulide treatment, 5 of which were related to inflammation. Overall, these results show that nimesulide might mediate its antidepressant effect on depressed rats through the inhibition of oxidative stress inflammatory response.
Author Correction: Prediction of the Vaccine-derived Poliovirus Outbreak Incidence: A Hybrid Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Hemedan Ahmed A. , Elaziz Mohamed Abd , Jiao Pengcheng , Alavi Amir H. , Bahgat Mahmoud , Ostaszewski Marek , Schneider Reinhard , Ghazy Haneen A. , Ewees Ahmed A. , Lu Songfeng
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Genetic reduction of the extracellular matrix protein versican attenuates inflammatory cell infiltration and improves contractile function in dystrophic mdx diaphragm muscles
Authors: McRae Natasha L. , Addinsall Alex B. , Howlett Kirsten F. , McNeill Bryony , McCulloch Daniel R. , Stupka Nicole
Published: July 2020

There is a persistent, aberrant accumulation of V0/V1 versican in skeletal muscles from patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy and in diaphragm muscles from mdx mice. Versican is a provisional matrix protein implicated in fibrosis and inflammation in various disease states, yet its role in the pathogenesis of muscular dystrophy is not known. Here, female mdx and male hdf mice (haploinsufficient for the versican allele) were bred. In the resulting F1 mdx-hdf male pups, V0/V1 versican expression in diaphragm muscles was decreased by 50% compared to mdx littermates at 20–26 weeks of age. In mdx-hdf mice, spontaneous physical activity increased by 17% and there was a concomitant decrease in total energy expenditure and whole-body glucose oxidation. Versican reduction improved the ex vivo strength and endurance of diaphragm muscle strips. These changes in diaphragm contractile properties in mdx-hdf mice were associated with decreased monocyte and macrophage infiltration and a reduction in the proportion of fibres expressing the slow type I myosin heavy chain isoform. Given the high metabolic cost of inflammation in dystrophy, an attenuated inflammatory response may contribute to the effects of versican reduction on whole-body metabolism. Altogether, versican reduction ameliorates the dystrophic pathology of mdx-hdf mice as evidenced by improved diaphragm contractile function and increased physical activity.
Histological assessment of optogenetic tools to study fronto-visual and fronto-parietal cortical networks in the rhesus macaque
Authors: Fortuna Michal G. , Hüer Janina , Guo Hao , Gruber Jens , Gruber-Dujardin Eva , Staiger Jochen F. , Scherberger Hansjörg , Treue Stefan , Gail Alexander
Published: July 2020

Optogenetics offers unprecedented possibilities to investigate cortical networks. Yet, the number of successful optogenetic applications in non-human primates is still low, and the consequences of opsin expression in the primate brain are not well documented. We assessed histologically if we can target cerebrocortical networks with three common optogenetic constructs (AAV2/5-CaMKIIα-eNpHR3.0-mCherry, -ChR2-eYFP, -C1V1-mCherry). The frontal eye field or the dorsal premotor area of rhesus macaques were virally injected, and the resulting transduction spread, expression specificity, and opsin trafficking into axons projecting to parietal and visual areas were examined. After variable periods (2–24 months), expression was robust for all constructs at the injection sites. The CaMKIIα promoter driven-expression was predominant, but not exclusive, in excitatory neurons. In the case of eNpHR3.0-mCherry and ChR2-eYFP, opsins were present in axonal projections to target areas, in which sparse, retrogradely transduced neurons could also be found. Finally, the intracellular distribution of opsins differed: ChR2-eYFP had almost exclusive membrane localization, while eNpHR3.0-mCherry and C1V1-mCherry showed additional intracellular accumulations, which might affect neuronal survival in the long-term. Results indicate that all three constructs can be used for local neuronal modulation, but axonal stimulation and long-term use require additional considerations of construct selection and verification.
Author Correction: The intersection between spliff usage, tobacco smoking, and having the first joint after waking
Authors: Kumar Navin , Puljević Cheneal , Ferris Jason , Winstock Adam , Barratt Monica J.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Association of maternal sleep before and during pregnancy with preterm birth and early infant sleep and temperament
Authors: Nakahara Kazushige , Michikawa Takehiro , Morokuma Seiichi , Ogawa Masanobu , Kato Kiyoko , Sanefuji Masafumi , Shibata Eiji , Tsuji Mayumi , Shimono Masayuki , Kawamoto Toshihiro , Ohga Shouichi , Kusuhara Koichi ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Iso Hiroyasu , Shima Masayuki , Kurozawa Youichi , Suganuma Narufumi , Katoh Takahiko
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate the association of maternal sleep before and during pregnancy with preterm birth, infant sleep and temperament at 1 month of age. We used the data of the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a cohort study in Japan, which registered 103,099 pregnancies between 2011 and 2014. Participants were asked about their sleep before and during pregnancy, and the sleep and temperament of their newborns at 1 month of age. Preterm birth data were collected from medical records. Maternal sleep was not associated with preterm birth, but subjective sleep quality during pregnancy was associated with late preterm birth (birth at 34–36 weeks of gestation). For example, participants with extremely light subjective depth of sleep were more likely to experience preterm birth (RR = 1.19; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04–1.35). Maternal sleep both before and during pregnancy seemed to be associated with infant sleep and temperament at 1 month of age. Infants, whose mothers slept for less than 6 hours before pregnancy, tended to cry intensely (RR = 1.15; 95% CI = 1.09–1.20). Maternal sleep problems before and during pregnancy were associated with preterm birth and child sleep problems and temperament.
The cellular heat shock response monitored by chemical exchange saturation transfer MRI
Authors: Kleimaier Dennis , Goerke Steffen , Nies Cordula , Zaiss Moritz , Kunz Patrick , Bachert Peter , Ladd Mark E. , Gottwald Eric , Schad Lothar R.
Published: July 2020

CEST-MRI of the rNOE signal has been demonstrated in vitro to be closely linked to the protein conformational state. As the detectability of denaturation and aggregation processes on a physiologically relevant scale in living organisms has yet to be verified, the aim of this study was to perform heat-shock experiments with living cells to monitor the cellular heat-shock response of the rNOE CEST signal. Cancer cells (HepG2) were dynamically investigated after a mild, non-lethal heat-shock of 42 °C for 20 min using an MR-compatible bioreactor system at 9.4 T. Reliable and fast high-resolution CEST imaging was realized by a relaxation-compensated 2-point contrast metric. After the heat-shock, a substantial decrease of the rNOE CEST signal by 8.0 ± 0.4% followed by a steady signal recovery within a time of 99.1 ± 1.3 min was observed in two independent trials. This continuous signal recovery is in coherence with chaperone-induced refolding of heat-shock induced protein aggregates. We demonstrated that protein denaturation processes influence the CEST-MRI signal on a physiologically relevant scale. Thus, the protein folding state is, along with concentration changes, a relevant physiological parameter for the interpretation of CEST signal changes in diseases that are associated with pathological changes in protein expression, like cancer and neurodegenerative diseases.
Risk factors for endothelial cell loss after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK)
Authors: Hayashi Takahiko , Schrittenlocher Silvia , Siebelmann Sebastian , Le Viet Nhat Hung , Matthaei Mario , Franklin Jeremy , Bachmann Björn , Cursiefen Claus
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to identify the risk factors for endothelial cell density (ECD) loss after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) and analyse whether donor tissues from cold versus organ culture differ in terms of ECD loss after DMEK. Consecutive DMEK cases from a prospective database for Fuchs’ endothelial corneal dystrophy were retrospectively analysed between 2011 and 2016 at the University of Cologne, and the possible risk factors for ECD loss, including patient-related factors, type of tamponade (air or 20% sulphur hexafluoride gas), type of surgery (triple DMEK or DMEK alone), re-bubbling, immune rejection, and donor-related factors were determined. Eight hundred and forty-one eyes were selected. There was no significant difference in the best-corrected visual acuity (logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution) and corneal thickness (P = 0.540 and P = 0.667) between groups. Immune reactions were more common in cold cultures (P = 0.019), but ECD loss (1 year after DMEK) was greater in organ cultures (38.3 ± 0.8%) than in cold cultures (34.7 ± 1.4%) (P = 0.022). Only re-bubbling was significantly associated with ECD loss (P < 0.001). Re-bubbling was found to be a key factor for ECD loss at 1 year after DMEK.
Water corrosivity of polluted reservoir and hydropower sustainability
Authors: Sunardi Sunardi , Ariyani Miranti , Agustian Mochammad , Withaningsih Susanti , Parikesit Parikesit , Juahir Hafizan , Ismail Azimah , Abdoellah Oekan S.
Published: July 2020

Reservoirs play a strategic role in the context of sustainable energy supply. Unfortunately, the majority of the reservoirs are facing water-quality degradation due to complex pollutants originating from activities both in the catchment and inside the reservoir. This research was aimed at assessing the extent of the water degradation, in terms of corrosivity level, and at examining its impacts on hydropower capacity and operation. Water quality data (total dissolved solids, pH, calcium, bicarbonate, and temperature) were obtained from 20 sampling stations in the Cirata Reservoir from 2007 to 2016. The results show that the river water is already corrosive (Langelier Saturation Index, LSI = − 0.21 to − 1.08), and, the corrosiveness becoming greater when entering the reservoir (LSI = − 0.52 to − 1.49). The water corrosivity has caused damage to the hydro-mechanical equipment and lowering production capacity. The external environment of the catchment hosts complex human activities, such as agriculture, land conversion, urban and industrial discharge, which have all played a major role in the water corrosiveness. Meanwhile, the internal environment, such as floating net cage aquaculture, has intensified the problem. As the water corrosiveness has increased, the maintenance of the hydro-mechanical facilities has also increased. Strategies must be applied as current conditions are certainly a threat to the sustainability of the hydropower operation and, hence, the energy supply.
Comparative safety and effectiveness of alendronate versus raloxifene in women with osteoporosis
Authors: Kim Yeesuk , Tian Yuxi , Yang Jianxiao , Huser Vojtech , Jin Peng , Lambert Christophe G. , Park Hojun , You Seng Chan , Park Rae Woong , Rijnbeek Peter R. , Van Zandt Mui , Reich Christian , Vashisht Rohit , Wu Yonghui , Duke Jon , Hripcsak George , Madigan David , Shah Nigam H. , Ryan Patrick B. , Schuemie Martijn J. , Suchard Marc A.
Published: July 2020

Alendronate and raloxifene are among the most popular anti-osteoporosis medications. However, there is a lack of head-to-head comparative effectiveness studies comparing the two treatments. We conducted a retrospective large-scale multicenter study encompassing over 300 million patients across nine databases encoded in the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). The primary outcome was the incidence of osteoporotic hip fracture, while secondary outcomes were vertebral fracture, atypical femoral fracture (AFF), osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), and esophageal cancer. We used propensity score trimming and stratification based on an expansive propensity score model with all pre-treatment patient characteritistcs. We accounted for unmeasured confounding using negative control outcomes to estimate and adjust for residual systematic bias in each data source. We identified 283,586 alendronate patients and 40,463 raloxifene patients. There were 7.48 hip fracture, 8.18 vertebral fracture, 1.14 AFF, 0.21 esophageal cancer and 0.09 ONJ events per 1,000 person-years in the alendronate cohort and 6.62, 7.36, 0.69, 0.22 and 0.06 events per 1,000 person-years, respectively, in the raloxifene cohort. Alendronate and raloxifene have a similar hip fracture risk (hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.94–1.13), but alendronate users are more likely to have vertebral fractures (HR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01–1.14). Alendronate has higher risk for AFF (HR 1.51, 95% CI 1.23–1.84) but similar risk for esophageal cancer (HR 0.95, 95% CI 0.53–1.70), and ONJ (HR 1.62, 95% CI 0.78–3.34). We demonstrated substantial control of measured confounding by propensity score adjustment, and minimal residual systematic bias through negative control experiments, lending credibility to our effect estimates. Raloxifene is as effective as alendronate and may remain an option in the prevention of osteoporotic fracture.
Plasmodium spp. mixed infection leading to severe malaria: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kotepui Manas , Kotepui Kwuntida Uthaisar , De Jesus Milanez Giovanni , Masangkay Frederick Ramirez
Published: July 2020

MixedPlasmodiummalaria infections can lead to severe malaria. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the prevalence of severe mixedPlasmodiummalaria infection and to compare it with the prevalence of severeP. falciparummalaria mono-infection across the included studies. Original English-language research articles from PubMed, Scopus, and ISI Web of Science were identified and screened. Articles reporting the number of mixed infections and the number of severe mixed infections were used to determine the main outcome of this study, while the number ofP. falciparuminfections and the number of severeP. falciparuminfections were used to determine the secondary outcome of this study. For the main outcome, the pooled prevalence and 95% confidence interval (CI) of severe mixed infections was analysed using STATA software version 15.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX, USA). For the secondary outcome, the rate of severe mixed infections compared to severeP. falciparuminfections was analysed using the meta-analysis approach, and summary odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs were calculated. Random-effects models were used to produce the summary ORs. The Mantel–Haenszel method and calculated I2were also reported to test whether there was heterogeneity among the included studies. Publication bias was also assessed using funnel plots. The meta-analysis of secondary outcomes was conducted using Review Manager 5.3 software (Cochrane Community). A total of 894,561 malaria patients were reported in all 16 included studies. Overall, a pooled analysis showed that 9% (2,006/35,768, 95% CI 7.0–12.0%) of patients with mixedPlasmodiuminfection had severe mixed infection. A meta-analysis of 14 studies demonstrated that patients with mixedPlasmodiuminfection (1,999/35,755) and patients withP. falciparummalaria (9,249/294,397) had an equal risk of developing severe malaria (OR 0.93, 95% CI 0.59–1.44). Both mixed infection andP. falciparummono-infection showed a similar trend of complications in which severe anaemia, pulmonary failure, and renal impairment were the three most common complications found. However, patients with mixed infection had a higher proportion of severe anaemia and pulmonary complications than those withP. falciparuminfection. Moreover, patients with mixed infection had a higher proportion of multiple organ failure than those withP. falciparummono-infection. MixedPlasmodiumspp. infections were common but often unrecognized or underestimated, leading to severe complications among these malaria patients.Therefore, in routine clinical laboratories, using an accurate combination of diagnostic procedures to identify suspected patients with mixed infections is crucial for therapeutic decisions, prompt treatment, and effective patient management.
Rapid identification of tsunamigenic earthquakes using GNSS ionospheric sounding
Authors: Manta Fabio , Occhipinti Giovanni , Feng Lujia , Hill Emma M.
Published: July 2020

The largest tsunamis are generated by seafloor uplift resulting from rupture of offshore subduction-zone megathrusts. The rupture of the shallowest part of a megathrust often produces unexpected outsize tsunami relative to their seismic magnitude. These are so called ‘tsunami earthquakes’, which are difficult to identify rapidly using the current tsunami warning systems, even though, they produce some of the deadliest tsunami. We here introduce a new method to evaluate the tsunami risk by measuring ionospheric total electron content (TEC). We examine two Mw 7.8 earthquakes (one is a tsunami earthquake and the other is not) generated in 2010 by the Sunda megathrust, offshore Sumatra, to demonstrate for the first time that observations of ionospheric sounding from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) can be used to evaluate the tsunamigenic potential of earthquakes as early as 8 min after the mainshock.
Insights into the structure and function of Est3 from the Hansenula polymorpha telomerase
Authors: Shepelev Nikita M. , Mariasina Sofia S. , Mantsyzov Alexey B. , Malyavko Alexander N. , Efimov Sergey V. , Petrova Olga A. , Rodina Elena V. , Zvereva Maria I. , Dontsova Olga A. , Polshakov Vladimir I.
Published: July 2020

Telomerase is a ribonucleoprotein enzyme, which maintains genome integrity in eukaryotes and ensures continuous cellular proliferation. Telomerase holoenzyme from the thermotolerant yeast Hansenula polymorpha, in addition to the catalytic subunit (TERT) and telomerase RNA (TER), contains accessory proteins Est1 and Est3, which are essential for in vivo telomerase function. Here we report the high-resolution structure of Est3 from Hansenula polymorpha (HpEst3) in solution, as well as the characterization of its functional relationships with other components of telomerase. The overall structure of HpEst3 is similar to that of Est3 from Saccharomyces cerevisiae and human TPP1. We have shown that telomerase activity in H. polymorpha relies on both Est3 and Est1 proteins in a functionally symmetrical manner. The absence of either Est3 or Est1 prevents formation of a stable ribonucleoprotein complex, weakens binding of a second protein to TER, and decreases the amount of cellular TERT, presumably due to the destabilization of telomerase RNP. NMR probing has shown no direct in vitro interactions of free Est3 either with the N-terminal domain of TERT or with DNA or RNA fragments mimicking the probable telomerase environment. Our findings corroborate the idea that telomerase possesses the evolutionarily variable functionality within the conservative structural context.
Public health benefits of water purification using recycled hemodialyzers in developing countries
Authors: Raimann Jochen G. , Boaheng Joseph Marfo , Narh Philipp , Matti Harrison , Johnson Seth , Donald Linda , Zhang Hongbin , Port Friedrich , Levin Nathan W.
Published: July 2020

In rural regions with limited resources, the provision of clean water remains challenging. The resulting high incidence of diarrhea can lead to acute kidney injury and death, particularly in the young and the old. Membrane filtration using recycled hemodialyzers allows water purification. This study quantifies the public health effects. Between 02/2018 and 12/2018, 4 villages in rural Ghana were provided with a high-volume membrane filtration device (NuFiltration). Household surveys were collected monthly with approval from Ghana Health Services. Incidence rates of diarrhea for 5-month periods before and after implementation of the device were collected and compared to corresponding rates in 4 neighboring villages not yet equipped. Data of 1,130 villagers over 10 months from the studied communities were studied. Incidence rates showed a decline following the implementation of the device from 0.18 to 0.05 cases per person-month (ppm) compared to the control villages (0.11 to 0.08 ppm). The rate ratio of 0.27 for the study villages is revised to 0.38 when considering the non-significant rate reduction in the control villages. Provision of a repurposed hemodialyzer membrane filtration device markedly improves health outcomes as measured by diarrhea incidence within rural communities.
Author Correction: Transcriptome analysis of the salivary glands of the grain aphid, Sitobion avenae
Authors: Zhang Yong , Fan Jia , Sun Jingrui , Francis Frédéric , Chen Julian
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Publisher Correction: The Technome - A Predictive Internal Calibration Approach for Quantitative Imaging Biomarker Research
Authors: Mühlberg Alexander , Katzmann Alexander , Heinemann Volker , Kärgel Rainer , Wels Michael , Taubmann Oliver , Lades Félix , Huber Thomas , Maurus Stefan , Holch Julian , Faivre Jean-Baptiste , Sühling Michael , Nörenberg Dominik , Rémy-Jardin Martine
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Functional analysis of the Drosophila RhoGAP Cv-c protein and its equivalence to the human DLC3 and DLC1 proteins
Authors: Sotillos Sol , Aguilar-Aragon Mario , Hombría James Castelli-Gair
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Variability in Language used on Social Media Prior to Hospital Visits
Authors: Guntuku Sharath Chandra , Schwartz H. Andrew , Kashyap Adarsh , Gaulton Jessica S. , Stokes Daniel C. , Asch David A. , Ungar Lyle H. , Merchant Raina M.
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
Author Correction: Optical coherence tomography angiography as a novel approach to contactless evaluation of sublingual microcirculation: A proof of principle study
Authors: Hessler Michael , Nelis Pieter , Ertmer Christian , Alnawaiseh Maged , Lehmann Florian , Schmidt Christina , Kampmeier Tim-Gerald , Rehberg Sebastian Willy , Arnemann Philip-Helge , Rovas Alexandros
Published: July 2020

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.
VARENN: graphical representation of periodic data and application to climate studies
Authors: Ise Takeshi , Oba Yurika
Published: July 2020

Analyzing and utilizing spatiotemporal big data are essential for studies concerning climate change. However, such data are not fully integrated into climate models owing to limitations in statistical frameworks. Herein, we employ VARENN (visually augmented representation of environment for neural networks) to efficiently summarize monthly observations of climate data for 1901–2016 into two-dimensional graphical images. Using red, green, and blue channels of color images, three different variables are simultaneously represented in a single image. For global datasets, models were trained via convolutional neural networks. These models successfully classified the rises and falls in temperature and precipitation. Moreover, similarities between the input and target variables were observed to have a significant effect on model accuracy. The input variables had both seasonal and interannual variations, whose importance was quantified for model efficacy. We successfully illustrated the importance of short-term (monthly) fluctuations in the model accuracy, suggesting that our AI-based approach grasped some previously unknown patterns that are indicators of succeeding climate trends. VARENN is thus an effective method to summarize spatiotemporal data objectively and accurately.
β-amyloid and tau drive early Alzheimer’s disease decline while glucose hypometabolism drives late decline
Authors: Hammond Tyler C. , Xing Xin , Wang Chris , Ma David , Nho Kwangsik , Crane Paul K. , Elahi Fanny , Ziegler David A. , Liang Gongbo , Cheng Qiang , Yanckello Lucille M. , Jacobs Nathan , Lin Ai-Ling
Published: July 2020

Clinical trials focusing on therapeutic candidates that modify β-amyloid (Aβ) have repeatedly failed to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD), suggesting that Aβ may not be the optimal target for treating AD. The evaluation of Aβ, tau, and neurodegenerative (A/T/N) biomarkers has been proposed for classifying AD. However, it remains unclear whether disturbances in each arm of the A/T/N framework contribute equally throughout the progression of AD. Here, using the random forest machine learning method to analyze participants in the Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset, we show that A/T/N biomarkers show varying importance in predicting AD development, with elevated biomarkers of Aβ and tau better predicting early dementia status, and biomarkers of neurodegeneration, especially glucose hypometabolism, better predicting later dementia status. Our results suggest that AD treatments may also need to be disease stage-oriented with Aβ and tau as targets in early AD and glucose metabolism as a target in later AD.
Structural diversity, magnetic properties, and luminescence sensing based Ni(ii)/Zn(ii) coordination polymers of the semirigid 3,3′-((5-carboxy-1,3-phenylene)bis(oxy))dibenzate ligand
Authors: Yang Dong-Dong , Lu Li-Ping , Zhu Miao-Li
Published: July 2020

Four novel CPs were synthesized and two Zn(ii)-CPs can be used as fluorescent probes for the detection of CrO42−/Cr2O72−.
Anisotropic 2D excitons unveiled in organic–inorganic quantum wells
Authors: Maserati Lorenzo , Refaely-Abramson Sivan , Kastl Christoph , Chen Christopher T. , Borys Nicholas J. , Eisler Carissa N. , Collins Mary S. , Smidt Tess E. , Barnard Edward S. , Strasbourg Matthew , Schriber Elyse A. , Shevitski Brian , Yao Kaiyuan , Hohman J. Nathan , Schuck P. James , Aloni Shaul , Neaton Jeffrey B. , Schwartzberg Adam M.
Published: July 2020

Hybrid layered metal chalcogenide crystalline polymer hosts strongly anisotropic two-dimensional excitons with large binding energies.
Agricultural nanodiagnostics for plant diseases: recent advances and challenges
Authors: Li Zheng , Yu Tao , Paul Rajesh , Fan Jingyuan , Yang Yuming , Wei Qingshan
Published: July 2020

Engineered nanomaterials integrated with molecular assays or miniature sensing devices formed a promising nanodiagnostic tool box for plant diseases.
Sol–gel synthesis and solar photocatalytic activity of Ca-alloyed ZnO nanoparticles elaborated using different precursors
Authors: Rosset A. , Djessas K. , Goetz V. , Grillo S. , Plantard G.
Published: July 2020

Schematic representation of core–shell intrinsic defects in Zn1−xCaxO nanoparticles observed by EPR spectroscopy.
A fish scale-like magnetic nanomaterial as a highly efficient sorbent for monitoring the changes in auxin levels under cadmium stress
Authors: Ding Qingqing , Chen Hui , Huang Chuanhui , Lu Qiaomei , Tong Ping , Zhang Wenmin , Zhang Lan
Published: July 2020

Sorbents with high surface utilization and good dispersibility are of great importance for the extraction performance of magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE).
Detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate by ion-transfer stripping voltammetry at an array of microinterfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions
Authors: Viada Benjamín N. , Yudi Lidia M. , Arrigan Damien W. M.
Published: July 2020

An analytical approach employing ion transfer voltammetry at an array of micro-interfaces between two immiscible electrolyte solutions is presented for detection of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS).
The multimodal chemical study of pre-Columbian Peruvian mummies
Authors: van Dalen Luna Pieter , Majchrzak Lukasz , Malek Kamilla , Kuncewicz Joanna , Miskowiec Pawel
Published: July 2020

In the pre-Hispanic Central Andes, the mummified bodies of ancestors stood as the basis for the social and cosmic order. This work discusses chemical compositions of the bodies determined by using molecular and elemental analytical methods.
Cu-Catalyzed one-pot synthesis of thiochromeno-quinolinone and thiochromeno-thioflavone via oxidative double hetero Michael addition using in situ generated nucleophiles
Authors: Sundaravelu Nallappan , Sekar Govindasamy
Published: July 2020

A copper catalyzed three-component synthesis of π-conjugated tetracyclic thiochromeno-quinolinone and thiochromeno-thioflavone was established via oxidative double hetero Michael addition using in situ generated nucleophiles.
In situ phthalocyanine synthesis chemistry in flames towards molecular fireproof engineering
Authors: Fu Teng , Guo De Ming , Wang Xiu-Li , Wang Yu-Zhong
Published: July 2020

The boundaries between phthalocyanine synthesis and combustion chemistry were broken through to achieve molecular fireproofing via in situ phthalocyanine synthesis during combustion.
Acceptor-induced cooperative supramolecular co-assembly with emissive charge-transfer for advanced supramolecular encryption
Authors: Gao Zhao , Yan Fei , Qiu Shuai , Han Yifei , Wang Feng , Tian Wei
Published: July 2020

A novel acceptor-induced cooperative supramolecular co-assembly based on a dendritic electron donor and 1,2,4,5-tetracyanobenzene acceptor has been successfully developed.
Phosphine ligand-coated Cu nanoparticle-catalyzed selective semihydrogenation of alkynes: electronic or hindrance effects of the ligand?
Authors: Luo Yafei , Huang Zheng , Chen Zhongzhu , Xu Zhigang , Hu Jianping , Meng Qingxi , Tang Dianyong
Published: July 2020

The alkyne semihydrogenation catalyzed via phosphine ligands-coated Cu nanoparticles is explored in detail. The results indicate that the hindrance effect of ligand is favorable for improving the semihydrogenation selectivity of catalyst.
The optimal co-doping of SrFe1−xCoxO3−δ oxygen carriers in redox applications
Authors: Jia Ting , Popczun Eric J. , Lekse Jonathan W. , Duan Yuhua
Published: July 2020

Density functional theory calculations were performed to investigate a range of SrFe1−xCoxO3−δ materials both thermodynamically and kinetically. Our resultes show that the optimal Co-doping value in SrFe1−xCoxO3−δ is x = 0.25.
Determinants for proton location and electron coupled proton transfer in hydrogen bonded pentafluorophenol–anion clusters
Authors: Zhang Jian , Yang Yan , Sun Zhenrong , Wang Xue-Bin
Published: July 2020

This work reveals the determinant factors for proton locations and electron coupled proton transfer (ECPT) in biologically relevant hydrogen bonded systems.
Photocatalytic activity and photocorrosion of oriented BiVO4 single crystal thin films
Authors: Kou Shiwen , Yu Qiaonan , Meng Lixiang , Zhang Feng , Li Guoqiang , Yi Zhiguo
Published: July 2020

The stronger the EPR signal intensity, the lower the V dissolution in the photodegradation RhB solution, and the stronger the photocatalytic activity of the samples.
Surface precipitation of Mn2+ on clay minerals enhances Cd2+ sorption under anoxic conditions
Authors: Van Groeningen Natacha , Glück Blanche , Christl Iso , Kretzschmar Ruben
Published: July 2020

Under anoxic conditions, clay minerals sorb dissolved Mn(ii) predominantly by forming surface precipitates, which increase Cd sorption.
Improving the exchange and correlation potential in density-functional approximations through constraints
Authors: Callow Timothy J. , Pearce Benjamin J. , Pitts Tom , Lathiotakis Nektarios N. , Hodgson Matthew J. P. , Gidopoulos Nikitas I.
Published: July 2020

We review and expand on our work to impose constraints on the effective Kohn–Sham (KS) potential of local and semi-local density-functional approximations.
Optical spectra of 2D monolayers from time-dependent density functional theory
Authors: Di Sabatino S. , Berger J. A. , Romaniello P.
Published: July 2020

Our recently developed pure Kohn–Sham approach for the calculation of optical spectra is applied to the challenging case of 2D monolayers. Our protocol yields a qualitatively good optical spectrum for h-BN, whereas improvements are needed for MoS2.
Water-based fabrication of garnet-based solid electrolyte separators for solid-state lithium batteries
Authors: Ye Ruijie , Tsai Chih-Long , Ihrig Martin , Sevinc Serkan , Rosen Melanie , Dashjav Enkhtsetseg , Sohn Yoo Jung , Figgemeier Egbert , Finsterbusch Martin
Published: July 2020

Garnet-type Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZ) is regarded as a promising oxide-based solid electrolyte (SE) for solid-state lithium batteries (SSLBs) or other advanced Li-battery concepts like Li–air or Li–S batteries.
Which is a better fluorescent sensor: aggregation-induced emission-based nanofibers or thin-coating films?
Authors: Ding Yexin , Li Weili , Wang Fangming , Li Hongkun , Yang Shengyuan , Wang Lijun , Wang Zhiming , Tebyetekerwa Mike , Tang Ben Zhong
Published: July 2020

Aggregation-induced emission (AIE)-based fluorescent nanofibers (FNFs) and thin-coating films (FTFs) are employed as visual fluorescent sensors, and their performance dynamics is compared.
Straintronic effect for superconductivity enhancement in Li-intercalated bilayer MoS2
Authors: Mano Poobodin , Minamitani Emi , Watanabe Satoshi
Published: July 2020

We demonstrated that the superconductivity in Li-intercalated bilayer MoS2 can be enhanced by both compressive and tensile strains with different mechanisms.
The correlation between phase transition and photoluminescence properties of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) perovskite nanocrystals
Authors: Yi Jun , Ge Xueying , Liu Exian , Cai Tong , Zhao Chujun , Wen Shuangchun , Sanabria Hugo , Chen Ou , Rao Apparao M. , Gao Jianbo
Published: July 2020

We report a correlation between the structural phase transition of CsPbX3 (X = Cl, Br, I) nanocrystals (NCs) and their temperature dependent steady-state photoluminescence (PL) and time-resolved PL (TRPL).
Facile fabrication of a NiO/Ag3PO4 Z-scheme photocatalyst with enhanced visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity
Authors: Li Ning , He Yanlei , Lian Jiajia , Liu Qingyun , Zhang Xianxi , Zhang Xiao
Published: July 2020

The photocatalytic performance of Z-scheme NiO/Ag/Ag3PO4 was evaluated by degrading organic pollutants under visible light.
Preparation of 3D-printed (Cs/PLA/PU) scaffolds modified with plasma and hybridization by Fe@PEG-CA for treatment of cardiovascular disease
Authors: Naderi Soheila , Esmaeili Akbar
Published: July 2020

One usage of tissue engineering is cells cultured on a 3D porous polymeric scaffold that is embedded in the body as tissue.
Supramolecular assembly of a 4-(1-naphthylvinyl)pyridine-appended Zn(ii) coordination compound for the turn-on fluorescence sensing of trivalent metal ions (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cr3+) and cell imaging application
Authors: Dutta Basudeb , Dey Sunanda , Pal Kunal , Bera Sambhunath , Naaz Sanobar , Jana Kuladip , Sinha Chittaranjan , Mir Mohammad Hedayetullah
Published: July 2020

The as-synthesized Zn(ii) coordination compound exhibited turn-on fluorescence sensing of analytical group-IIIA metal ions (Fe3+, Al3+, and Cr3+) and applications in cell imaging.
Bacterial biosynthesis of nanosilver: a green catalyst for the synthesis of (amino pyrazolo)-(phenyl)methyl naphth-2-ol derivatives and their antimicrobial potential
Authors: Praveena Ganji , Yagnam Swetha , Banoth Linga , Trivedi Rajiv , Prakasham Reddy Shetty
Published: July 2020

Heterogeneous silver nanoparticles produced byStreptomycessp. RAB 10, were used as bio-catalysts in a three-component reaction in aqueous media.
Hierarchical hollow microspheres Na3V2(PO4)2F3C@rGO as high-performance cathode materials for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Du Peng , Mi Kan , Hu Fangdong , Jiang Xiaolei , Wang Debao , Zheng Xiuwen
Published: July 2020

Nanosheet-assembled Na3V2(PO4)2F3 microspheres were synthesized by a one-step polyol-assisted hydrothermal method and combined with graphene as the cathode material for SIBs.
Convenient and sensitive colorimetric determination of alendronate sodium with Ce4+-triggered oxidation of TMB
Authors: Sun Jing , Wang Rui , Xia Meng , Zhu Shuyun , Zhao Xian-En
Published: July 2020

A facile colorimetric assay for the sensitive and selective detection of alendronate sodium has been developed based on Ce4+-triggered oxidation of TMB for the first time.
A 3D porous carbon foam loaded with Fe3O4/graphene oxide for highly effective As(iii) removal
Authors: Ge Xiao , Xie Donghua , Zhang Yunxia
Published: July 2020

The Fe3O4/GO–CF monolith shows excellent removal performance toward As(iii) due to efficient mass/ion transport pathways and abundant adsorption sites.
Synthesis of an iron-doped 3D-ordered mesoporous cobalt phosphide material toward efficient electrocatalytic overall water splitting
Authors: Meng Suci , Sun Shichao , Qi Yue , Jiang Deli , Wei Wenxian , Chen Min
Published: July 2020

The development of porous metal phosphides with abundant active sites is of great importance for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting.
3D printed composites from heat extruded polycaprolactone/sodium alginate filaments and their heavy metal adsorption properties
Authors: Liakos Ioannis L. , Mondini Alessio , Dottore Emanuela Del , Filippeschi Carlo , Pignatelli Francesca , Mazzolai Barbara
Published: July 2020

Polycaprolactone/sodium alginate composite filaments and their resulted 3D printed structures were able to adsorb heavy metals from aquatic copper sulphate solutions.
An aromatic carbonyl compound-linked conjugated microporous polymer as an advanced cathode material for lithium-organic batteries
Authors: Li Kang , Li Qiang , Wang Yunong , Wang Heng-guo , Li Yanhui , Si Zhenjun
Published: July 2020

A carbonyl compound-linked conjugated microporous polymer (PT-BTA) is synthesized and applied as an organic cathode material for lithium-ion batteries, which exhibits superior electrochemical performance and stability compared with the monomer (PT).