bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OʻSMIRLARNI XULQ-ATVORIDAGI MUAMMOLARNI HAL QILISH
Authors: Sattarov Fozil
Published: May 2023

Ushbu maqolada Oʻsmirlar xulq-atvorida gedonizm fenomenining xususiyati ularning xarakterida faqat nimalardandir lazzatlanish, qoniqish va ruhiy iztiroblar har qanday yoʻllar bilan holi boʻlishga intilish hatti-harakatlarining ustivorligidir. Oʻsmirlarda vujudga kelgan salbiy hatti-harakatlar, axloqiy motivlardagi oʻzgarishlar jamiyat ijtimoiy-ma’naviy eng zarur va muhim qadriyatlarga nisbatan salbiy munosabatlarning vujudga kelishida ifodalanmoqda.
ИННОВАЦИОННАЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТЬ НЕОТЪЕМЛЕМАЯ ЧАСТЬ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТИ ПЕДАГОГА
Authors: Хакимова Дилдора
Published: May 2023

В статье описывается понятие инновации, проводится анализ зарубежной литературы по данному понятию. Также автор определил набор личностных качеств, определяющих инновационный потенциал педагога, были научно обоснованы характеристики, характеризующие инновационную активность педагога (здоровая конкуренция, открытость к новостям, постоянное саморазвитие).
OʻQUVCHILAR BILISH VA GRAFIK FAOLIYATINING RIVOJLANTIRISH PEDAGOGIK MUAMMOLARI
Authors: Inoyatov Odiljon , Yakubova Nafisa
Published: May 2023

Fazoviy tasavvurni rivojlantirishda, tasvirlanayotgan obyekt, chizma, buyum, detal va boshqalarni shakli, hajmi, ko‘rinishi, vaziyati, uning haraktiriskasi haqida to‘liq tushunchaga ega bo‘lishdir. Fazoviy tasavvur deganda chizilayotgan chizma, detal va boshqalarning inson tasavvuri, hayolida ko‘z oldiga keltira olishi hamda uni qog’ozga tushira olishi tushuniladi.
Bayes and Empirical Bayes approaches to addressing stock structure questions using mtDNA data, with an illustrative application to North Pacific minke whales
Authors: Cui Gurong , Punt Andre E. , Pastene Luis A. , Goto Mutsuo
Published: May 2023

Bayesian methods using mtDNA data are developed to compare single- and multiple-stock hypotheses. The likelihood of the data is assumed to be multinomial and the multivariate prior for the probability of an individual having a particular haplotype is assumed to be of the Dirichlet-b form. The values for the parameters of this prior are either determined using an Empirical Bayes approach or assumed to be distributed according to a log-normal hyper-prior (the ‘Full Bayes’ approach). The Empirical and Full Bayes methods are examined using simulation. The performance of the Empirical Bayes method is found to be much worse than that of the Full Bayes method. Illustrative comparisons for North Pacific minke whales based on the latter method confirm previous results that sub-areas 6 and 7 contain different stocks. Results of the application of this method to the mtDNA data for the sub-areas to the east of Japan, although generally uninformative, are nevertheless consistent with analyses based on hypothesis testing using allozymes and mtDNA. The results from this method should, however, be used for management purposes with some caution. This is because, although some testing of the Full Bayes method has been completed and suggests that when applied to data for two stocks that differ substantially in haplotype frequency, or when sample sizes are large and there is only one stock, performance is adequate, in common with most other methods for analysing genetics data, its performance has yet to be fully evaluated.
Retinoids in marine mammals and their use as biomarkers of organochlorine compounds
Authors: Borrell A. , Tornero V. , Aguilar A.
Published: May 2023

Retinoids, also known as vitamin A, are non-endogenous molecules that are essential for a number of physiological processes in mammals. Imbalance of retinoids has been associated with reproductive impairment, embryonic mortality, growth retardation and bone deformities, pathologies in skin and the nervous system, and immune suppression. Mammals cannot produce retinoids so their primary source is dietary. They are absorbed by the small intestine and packaged as retinyl esters in chylomicrons, which enter the circulation and end up mostly in the liver and fatty tissues. Plasma retinoid levels are homeostatically regulated, so they remain constant despite variations in dietary supply or tissue stores. Therefore body depletion of retinoids cannot be reliably assessed through levels in blood, and should be evaluated through concentrations in depot tissues. In marine mammals, the main storage sites for retinoids are liver and blubber. Although not a universal rule, the concentration of retinoids often increases with age in both sexes because of progressive build-up of retinyl esters. In addition, sex often affects retinoid levels, but the nature and magnitude of this effect varies between species and populations. Taxonomic, life-style (particularly dietary) and climatic differences may explain dissimilarities in the effect of age and sex on retinoid levels. For this reason, retinoids can be used to distinguish populations or population components showing distinct dietary, behavioural, or other traits. Disease, particularly when affecting organs of physiological importance or inducing malnutrition, may affect retinoid tissue levels, so care should be taken when studying concentrations in stranded animals. Organochlorine compounds, particularly PCBs, dioxin (TCDDs) and DDTs, increase mobilisation of retinoids from hepatic and extrahepatic storage sites into serum, accompanied by enhanced degradation and elimination of retinoids through urine. In terrestrial mammals, this effect increases retinoid concentration. Conversely, in some species of marine mammals plasma retinoid levels have been reported to decrease when exposure to organochlorines increases, although the physiological mechanisms are unclear. However, given the homeostatic regulation of retinoids in blood, variation in plasma is expected to be less than that in liver or blubber. Because retinoid tissue levels vary in marine mammals even at moderate exposure to organochlorines, and original levels are restored when such exposure decreases or disappears, retinoids may be used as a biomarker of the impact of pollutants on populations. Further research is needed to validate their use, particularly in cetaceans.
Humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae) occurrence near the Cape Verde Islands, based on American 19th century whaling records
Authors: Reeves Randall R. , Clapham Phillip J. , Wetmore Sara E.
Published: May 2023

American 19th century whalers often passed through the Cape Verde Islands (CVI) during the boreal winter and some of them spent a few weeks or months hunting humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the bays and near-shore waters of the archipelago. Logbooks were examined from 26 voyages that involved some humpback whaling at the CVI, and information was obtained from various sources on approximately 77 additional voyages that definitely or probably humpbacked there. Twenty of the logbooks contained 396 records of an estimated 1,105 humpback whale encounters (catches, strikes and sightings). The largest estimated numbers of encounters and most of the whaling activity were around the islands of Sal, São Vicente and São Nicolau (272, 269 and 229 encounters, respectively). The peak month for humpback whale occurrence in the region appears to have been March (160 records of an estimated 465 whale encounters), with many records from February (110 records of 282 encounters) and April (86 records of 258 encounters). Catch data from the logbooks were combined with commercial data on landings of oil and reported vessel positions to estimate numbers of humpback whales taken in the CVI by the American fleet. Results suggest that American whaling for humpback whales was most intensive in the Cape Verdes during the 1850s and 1860s when at least a few hundred and perhaps more than 500 whales were killed in at least 45 and perhaps more than 80 vessel-seasons. In many respects, the Cape Verdes fishery was similar to that in the West Indies, with cows and calves frequently taken and a similar seasonal peak in whale occurrence. A crude analysis of encounter rates suggests that humpback whale density in the CVI was comparable to that in the major West Indies grounds, a situation that is clearly not the case today.
Calls recorded from North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica) in the eastern Bering Sea
Authors: McDonald Mark A. , Moore Sue E.
Published: May 2023

Calls from North Pacific right whales (Eubalaena japonica) were recorded in the eastern Bering Sea during a visual and acoustic survey aboard the US Coast Guard buoy tender Sweetbrier, in July 1999. Calls were commonly detected to 20km, and in one case approximately 30km, via deployment of arrays of directional sonobuoys. Acoustic detections (clusters of right whale calls separated by time and location) numbered 26, but only five right whales were seen. Only one right whale produced calls while under visual observation. The types of calls recorded from North Pacific right whales were similar in duration and frequency to calls recorded from right whales in the South Atlantic. The predominant call type (85%; 436 of 511 calls) was the ‘up’ call, a signal sweeping from about 90Hz to 150Hz in 0.7s. Two call types are described as ‘down’ and ‘constant’ calls, based upon nomenclature established for southern right whales (Eubalaena australis). One call type, the ‘down-up’ was unique to the North Pacific repertoire. Right whales commonly produced calls in series lasting several minutes and then became silent for an hour or more, with some animals not calling for periods of at least four hours. Other cetaceans detected acoustically by ‘random’ sonobuoy deployments during the cruise included fin whales (19 times), killer whales (3 times) and sperm whales (once).
A note on observations of gray whales in the southern Chukchi and northern Bering Seas, August-November, 1980-89
Authors: Moore Sue E. , Clarke Janet T.
Published: May 2023

A total of 176 sightings of 488 gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus) were made during 85.6 hours of aerial surveys in the southern Chukchi Sea and northern Bering Sea, east of the International Date Line, from August to early November 1980-1989. Surveys were flown infrequently and effort varied considerably between years and geographic areas. Gray whales were sighted in all areas where surveys were flown, with the exceptions of Kotzebue Sound and Norton Sound. Abundance indices of whales per unit effort (WPUE) in the northern Bering Sea were higher than those in the southern Chukchi Sea during every month except September, when survey coverage was inadequate for abundance calculations, indicating comparatively higher overall use of that area or suggesting the onset of the southbound migration. Most gray whales were feeding (57%, n = 276). Incidental sightings of gray whales observed in and near the study area by other researchers were reviewed to better assess gray whale activity and migration patterns.
Indications of habitat use patterns among small cetaceans in the central North Pacific based on fisheries observer data
Authors: Ferrero Richard C. , Hobbs Roderick C. , VanBlaricom Glenn R.
Published: May 2023

Biological specimens and environmental data collected by observers monitoring Japanese squid driftnet fishing operations during the summers of 1990 and 1991 in the central North Pacific (37°N-46°N, and 170°E-150°W) were used to explore habitat use patterns among three small cetacean species common to that area: the Dall’s porpoise (Phocoenoides dalli), Pacific white-sided dolphin (Lagenorhynchus obliquidens) and northern right whale dolphin (Lissodelphis borealis). Sex and maturity status were determined for 805 northern right whale dolphins, 421 Pacific white-sided dolphins and 206 Dall’s porpoises incidentally taken in 800 observed gillnet sets, allowing sub-taxon comparisons of habitat use patterns. Habitat variables were based on observer records of sea surface temperature (SST), wind velocity and direction, and swell height. Current velocity and direction and SST gradients were also derived. Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) was used to relate the species categories to the habitat conditions recorded for the gillnet operations in which entanglements occurred. The samples collected from the southern, middle and northern latitudes within the overall study area were examined separately to account for northward movement of the fishing fleets across the summer months. SST was the most dominant and consistent feature; northern right whale dolphins occupied the warmest waters, Dall’s porpoises the coldest; Pacific white-sided dolphins were found in-between, but more similar to the latter. Wind velocity and swell height also reflected potentially important habitat features. Young-of-the-year northern right whale dolphin showed a preference for the warmest waters observed in the middle latitude band, coincident with that species summer calving mode.
A note on vessel of opportunity sighting surveys for cetaceans in the shelf edge region off the southern coast of Brazil
Authors: Polacheck T. , Pinedo M. C. , Barreto A. S. , Lammardo M. P.
Published: May 2023

Results are presented from vessel of opportunity sighting surveys conducted from 1996 to 1999 aboard the Fundação Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (FURG) Research Vessel Atlântico Sul off the southern Brazil coast (27°-35°S). These surveys were conducted in conjunction with a research sampling project (Argo) of the pelagic living resources within Brazil’s southern shelf and slope waters. The cruises entailed pelagic longlining and dedicated searching was conducted during hauling and setting operations as well as when the vessel was transiting. The sighting surveys represent the first attempt to collect quantitative information on the distribution and density of cetaceans in these waters. A total of 109 cetacean sightings were made during a total of 269 hours of dedicated searching effort covering approximately 2,200 miles. Sperm whales were the dominant species accounting for over 40% of the sightings and were concentrated in the slope area in the more southerly region. The high number and fidelity of the sperm whale sightings suggest the year around importance of the shelf border as a possible migration route and/or food resources ground. Killer whales were the second most commonly sighted species and were detected on all of the cruises. 44% of the killer whale sightings were detected during longline hauling or setting operations and observations suggest a positive attraction of killer whales to the vessel at these times. Also of particular interest during the spring cruise was a humpback and two minke whale sightings. Sightings in November-December in sub-tropical and temperate waters were unexpected for both of these species as the South Atlantic populations are generally considered to have fully migrated to Antarctic waters.
Особенности отбора кадров в органы прокуратуры в странах СНГ
Authors: Мехманов Самар
Published: May 2023

В данной статье рассмотрены особенности законодательного регулирования отбора кандидатов на службу в органах прокуратуры. Автором были проанализированы соответствующие нормы законодательства стран СНГ. На основе анализа автор пришел к выводу, что поступление в прокуратуру в разных странах СНГ может иметь свои особенности, но в целом процесс является схожим. Общими требованиями для поступления в прокуратуру в странах СНГ часто являются наличие гражданства страны, достижение определенного возраста, высшее юридическое образование, отсутствие судимости, высокие профессиональные, деловые и нравственные качества.
Literature Review of Unmanned Aerial Systems and LIDAR with Application to Distribution Utility Vegetation Management
Authors: Walker Matthew , Dahle Gregory A.
Published: May 2023

Standardized tree risk assessment protocols are beneficial to utility vegetation management (UVM) in that they provide the most consistent qualitative assessment of a tree’s likelihood of failure, likelihood of impact, and overall risk. Yet, utility foresters do not often inspect off-right-of-way (ROW) vegetation due to constraints such as accessibility and time, which leaves many off-ROW trees unmonitored or with limited monitoring. This review focuses on the key studies addressing the application of unmanned aerial systems (UAS)-based LIDAR systems, especially in terms of UVM along electrical distribution systems. We reviewed the scientific literature in terms of the acquisition of UAS-based LIDAR data and the processing of the data. The incorporation of UAS-based LIDAR will allow utility foresters to better manage both on- and off-ROW trees to better identify tree risks and thus reduce outages and increase resiliency of distribution power lines.
A reckoning with the maintenance of the built environment, a Sisyphean task
Authors: Germanà Maria Luisa
Published: May 2023

Maintenance concerns most of the artifacts, referring simultaneously to the socio-cultural, technical and managerial spheres. Contemporary scenarios impose an overall rethinking, where key-topics such as tradition, consumerism, sustainability and digitization become pivotal in the search for suitable production models, between post-industrial and neo-craftsmanship, in order to have fresher references for the maintenance activities.
In the construction field, maintenance is not limited to the objective of prolonging the duration of quality levels that only affect direct users, but also has important implications of a social and collective nature, in the case of both public and private buildings and spaces. Despite this and other specific features, the parallelism between building maintenance and manufacturing maintenance was fundamental in the last quarter of the 20th century, when the subject made its way into the technological culture of architecture, in search of references that could replace pre-industrial habits.
In support of the theoretical rethinking of maintenance (an activity which, like the Sisyphean task, does never foresee a definitive completion), the article suggests some considerations referring in particular to the reinforced concrete: a structural material almost omnipresent in the built environment since the second half of the last century, which poses significant problems in terms of duration and not only. In conclusion, some possible developments are presented, distinguishing between newly constructed and existing reinforced concrete constructions.
Associações entre estilos de aprendizagem, preferências por metodologias ativas e gerações dos discentes de graduação em Contabilidade
Authors: Alves Polliany Maisa , Silva Denise Mendes da
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste estudo é identificar e analisar a associação entre estilos de aprendizagem (EA), preferências por metodologias ativas (MA) e gerações dos discentes de graduação em Ciências Contábeis. O estudo contribui com a melhoria do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, na medida em que oferece uma orientação aos discentes, aos docentes e às Instituições de Ensino Superior quanto às MA que atendem a uma formação integral do futuro contador, no que diz respeito a habilidades técnicas (hard skills) e comportamentais (soft skills), a partir do conhecimento dos EA e das gerações dos discentes. A análise de correspondência, aplicada a uma amostra de 838 discentes, possibilitou traçar um perfil para a formação integral dos futuros profissionais contábeis, notadamente da geração Z. Competências requeridas pelo mercado profissional, como colaboração, comunicação, pensamento crítico e solução de problemas são desenvolvidas por meio das MA preferidas pelos EA da geração Z.
Trend Change Analysis as a New Tool to Complement the Evaluation of Human Body Balance in the Time and Frequency Domains
Authors: Wodarski Piotr
Published: May 2023

Trend change analysis is a tool that complements the assessment of human body stability and provides information on the number and frequency of postural corrections during an examination. The present research aims to determine the possibility of using this method of analysis to investigate postural stability during tests of standing with open eyes (OE) and closed eyes (CE). A total of 118 participants (67 females, 51males) aged 23 (SD 1.3) were assessed. Tests involved standing on a stabilographic platform for 50 s. Trend change analysis was used to evaluate displacement values of the center of pressure (COP). Values for the COP courses as well as values associated with trend change analysis, such as: TCI, MACD_t and MACD_V were determined. Histograms of distribution were plotted for TCI values. The present study provides information on alterations of the strategy used for maintaining balance, which are associated with the number of postural corrections and COP displacement between corrections for measurements taken during the standing test with CE in relation to OE measurements. The strategy demonstrated an ability to detect a smaller number of quick corrections, an increased number of corrections of longer duration, and the elongation of displacement between subsequent postural corrections. Slight standard deviations in TCI and MACD_t values calculated during trend change analysis, for both the OE and CE conditions, made it possible to classify these values as indexes of postural stability with significant sensitivity to slight changes.
Modeling Herding Behavior in the Indonesian Capital Market
Authors: Adnan Muhammad
Published: May 2023

Herding behavior generally occurs in developing markets and emerging markets. The condition of a capital market in a bullish or bearish state coupled with information asymmetry between investors will cause an increase in herding behavior phenomena. The phenomenon of herding behavior occurs when investors follow a crowd's behavior at a certain period and ignore their beliefs. Herding behavior explains the tendency of investor behavior to follow the behavior of other investors in the capital market. The study aims to analyze the herding behavior in the general, bearish, and bullish market conditions in the Indonesian capital market for the 2021- 2022 period. This research is quantitative research based on the formulation of the problem. This research is classified as associative research. The data used is secondary data in the form of monthly data from LQ45 for 2021-2022. The analysis was carried out in two stages: 1) crosssectional absolute deviation (CSAD) was used to determine to herd. 2) Multiple linear regression analysis with three market conditions: general, bearish, and bullish. The results showed that the general market and bearish market conditions explained the herding behavior in the Indonesian capital market for the 2021-2022 period, while for bullish market conditions, there was no herding behavior in the Indonesian capital market for the 2021-2022 period. Investors should still conduct fundamental and technical analysis before making investment decisions during bullish and bearish market conditions in the Indonesian capital market.
Structural modelling in policymaking
Authors: Attansio Orazio , Blair Debbie
Published: May 2023

Structural modelling, that is the use of behavioural models to add a framework to the decision problem of an agent, is a useful yet underused tool in evaluation. This paper provides a general introduction to structural modelling, as well as an overview of other commonly used evaluation techniques in Economics and other social sciences. It then goes on to show with three key case studies, how structural models can be used to enrich the findings from randomised control trials. The case studies cover a wide range of policy questions: examining demand for health products in Kenya, incentivising teachers to attend school in India, and evaluating conditional cash transfers for education in Mexico. The case studies show how structural models add to our understanding of the mechanisms behind a given treatment effect, how the findings may change when the policy is rolled out under different circumstances, as well as allowing for the evaluation of different policies that were not originally trialled. The common pitfalls of structural models are discussed, with guidance provided throughout on how to conduct sensitivity analysis and model validation. It is hoped that this paper will persuade other researchers to use structural models, in conjunction with randomised control trials, that will lead to improved evaluation results, a deeper understanding of important problems, and better informed policymaking in the future.
Acerca del enfrentamiento entre José Antonio Fortes y Luis García Montero.
Authors: Colectivo de Alumnos de la Universidad de Granada
Published: May 2023

La literatura es un lugar más dentro de los lugares ideológicos en la historia, esto es, en la lucha de clases. El fascismo, aun hoy, se transforma, muda de piel, se democratiza. Ni el consciente ni el inconsciente pueden escaparse del dominio ideológico de clase. La literatura es un lugar más dentro de los lugares ideológicos en la historia, esto es, en la lucha de clases. El fascismo, aun hoy, se transforma, muda de piel, se democratiza. Como un camaleón se adapta a los nuevos tiempos. La ideología fascista tiene su lugar más efectivo dentro del capitalismo globalizado en su versión demócrata. No desaparece, no se esfuma sin más.
FACTORES SOCIALES Y ECONÓMICOS ASOCIADOS CON LA MORTALIDAD POR COVID-19 EN LAS AMÉRICAS
Authors: Sierra Lara Yoandris
Published: May 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo examinar la posible asociación de un grupo de variables socio-económicas con la mortalidad causada por la covid 19 en las Américas. El método teórico aplicado fue el hipotético deductivo, con los procedimientos de análisis y síntesis. El método empírico principal fue la revisión y análisis documental. Se aplicaron también procedimientos estadísticos. Se obtuvo que las variables envejecimiento poblacional (r=0.357), cobertura de salud pública ( r= 0.483) y nivel de ingresos (r = 0.409) tuvieron una correlación positiva moderada con la variable dependiente; desarrollo humano mostró una correlación positiva fuerte (r=0.535); la densidad poblacional una correlación negativa moderada (r=- 0.362); mientras que las variables infraestructura de salud, desigualdad económica y empleo resultaron no tener una correlación estadísticamente significativa con la variable dependiente. En general, el coeficiente de determinación (R^2) mostró valores muy pequeños para todos los tipos de funciones lineales y no lineales ensayadas, por lo que la capacidad predictiva de los diferentes modelos es muy restringida.
INDICATORS OF RETICULOCYTES AND ERYTHROCYTES IN AS-SESSMENT OF ANEMIC SYNDROME IN JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, N. V. Strohaya
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of a study of erythrocyte and reticulocyte indi-ces in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). The aim of the study was the possibility of early diagnosis of anemic syn-drome in patients with JIA based on the study of reticulocyte indices. Materials and methods. 118 patients with JIA at the age of 11 (6; 14) years underwent a general blood test with the determination of reticulocyte parameters. The comparison group included 30 healthy children. Results and conclusions. Revealed a significant decrease in hemoglobin (p = 0.001) less than 120 g/l in 22.9 % of patients with JIA. A statistically signif-icant difference from the comparison group was a decrease in the average concen-tration of hemoglobin in an erythrocyte (p = 0.03). An increase in the content of reticulocytes with a predominance of immature forms was found in 28.8 % of pa-tients with JIA. A decrease in the hemoglobin content in the reticulocyte and erythrocyte was detected in 28.8 and 44.9 % of cases. The systemic form of the disease affects erythropoiesis in the form of an increase in the content of reticulo-cytes with an increase in the content of immature forms (37.5 %), a decrease in the concentration of hemoglobin in the reticulocyte and erythrocyte (25 and 58.8 %).
ASSESSMENT OF CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS IN PATIENTS WITH SEVERE COVID-19 INFECTION: FOCUS ON HOSPITAL HYPERGLYCEMIA
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, A. P. Shepelkevich , M. A. Efremova ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Y. V. Dydyshko ,   Belarusian State Medical University, I. A. Karpov ,   Belarusian State Medical University, D. V. Litvinchuk ,   Belarusian State Medical University, E. V. Yurenya ,   Minsk City Clinical Endocrinology Center, O. N. Shishko ,   Minsk City Clinical Endocrinology Center, E. I. Kuzmenkova ,   Republican Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy, E. V. Brutskaya-Stempkovskaya ,   Belarusian State Medical University, V. L. Lobashova ,   Republican Center for Medical Rehabilitation and Balneotherapy
Published: May 2023

The article presents the results of our own studies of clinical, anamnestic and laboratory parameters in patients with severe COVID-19. The aim of the study was to identify possible clinical and laboratory predictors of an unfavorable out-come of a severe course of Covid-19 in patients with diabetes mellitus and hy-perglycemia. A retrospective analysis of data from primary medical records of 320 patients was performed. All patients received medical care in the intensive care unit of the infectious hospital in Minsk from June 2020 to March 2022. Based on the results of the assessment of glycemic parameters, all patients were divided into the following groups: 224 people with hospital hyperglycemia (HH), 51 patients with a history of diabetes mellitus (DM) and/or newly diagnosed and 45 people without glycemic disorders. Covid-19 infection confirmed by a positive PCR or antigen test from respiratory swabs. Patients with HH and DM had high-er levels of ESR, procalcitonin, CRP, LDH, neutrophils, more pronounced lym-phopenia, which indicated a more pronounced inflammatory process. The level of D-dimers was assessed as a biomarker of the coagulopathy process, it was al-so higher in the groups of patients with DM and HH. According to the results of the study, 70 % of patients with severe COVID-19 had newly diagnosed hyper-glycemia, and from day 4, patients with an unfavorable outcome showed a ten-dency to persistent hyperglycemia, which potentially indicates its role as a prog-nostic parameter.
EFFECT OF JUVENILE IDIOPATHIC ARTHRITIS ACTIVITY ON ERYTHROPOIESIS: SIGNIFICANCE OF RETICULOCYTE INDICA-TORS
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, N. V. Strohaya
Published: May 2023

The article deals with the influence of the activity of juvenile idiopathic arthri-tis (JIA) on the state of the reticulocyte link of erythropoiesis. The aim of the study was to study the effect of the activity of the inflammatory process in JIA on erythropoiesis by studying reticulocyte parameters. Research methods: 118 patients with JIA and 30 patients of the comparison group were included in the study. Patients underwent a complete blood count with the determination of the following parameters: the absolute and relative reticulocyte count (Ret# and Ret‰), the amount of hemoglobin in the reticulocyte (Ret-He) and erythrocyte (RBC-He), the fraction of immature reticulocytes (IRF), the distribution of reticu-locytes by degrees of light scattering into high fluorescent (immature, HFR), me-dium fluorescent (immature, MFR) and low fluorescent (mature, LFR). Results. Statistically significant differences were found in the content of reticulocytes and in the qualitative ratio of reticulocytes, the content of hemoglobin in the reticulo-cyte and erythrocyte, delta-hemoglobin, depending on the activity of the inflam-matory process. Findings. The activity of the inflammatory process affects eryth-ropoiesis in the form of an increase in the production of reticulocytes, predomi-nantly immature forms with a peak at a high degree of activity. As the activity of the inflammatory process increases, the need for iron increases in order to main-tain adequate hemoglobin synthesis. As disease activity increases, the risk of mi-crocytic anemia increases.
THE USE OF HYPERBARIC OXYGEN THERAPY IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF POSTPARTUM IRON DEFICIENCY ANEMIA
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, V. N. Sidorenko , S. I. Savina ,   5th City Clinical Hospital, T. M. Oleshkevich ,   5th City Clinical Hospital, A. V. Gordievich ,   Belarusian State Medical University
Published: May 2023

Iron deficiency is the most common cause of postpartum anemia due to food habits, insufficient maternal iron reserves at the beginning of pregnancy, in-creased iron requirements associated with pregnancy, and blood loss during childbirth. As a non-drug treatment the use of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBO) is proposed. The main essence of the action of HBO is reduced to a rapid in-crease in oxygen tension in tissues due to an increase in the amount of dissolved oxygen in the blood, an increase in its diffusion rate between the blood and the hypoxic tissue site. Non-specific adaptive reactions developing during the use of HBO provide a wide range of therapeutic effects. At the same time, along with the beneficial effect, hyperoxia can also have a toxic effect, the clinic of which de-pends on the duration of exposure, individual sensitivity to oxygen, on the influ-ence of concomitant factors: temperature environment, physical activity, density of the gas mixture. The implementation of the compensatory capabilities of HBO is promising only with timely optimal use of the method.
DYNAMICS OF THE CLINICAL AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF THE PATIENTS IN THE POST-COVID PERIOD
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, D. S. Aliakseichyk , N. I. Chuprik ,   Belarusian State Medical University, S. Е. Aliakseichyk, ,   Belarusian State Medical University, Е. S. Zhdanova ,   Belarusian State Medical University, О. V. Lazovik ,   Soligorsk Central District Hospital
Published: May 2023

At the end of 2019, the world faced a serious problem – an outbreak in China of a new coronavirus infection caused by SARS-CoV-2. Aim: to study the dynamics of the clinical and functional state of patients, the state of humoral immunity after coronavirus infection at different time intervals. Materials and methods: The study included 153 patients hospitalized in the 10th City Clinical Hospital in Minsk with a confirmed diagnosis of coronavirus infection in the period from 12/01/2021 to 12/31/2021. Depending on the severity of the disease, patients were divided into 3 groups: severe (n = 54), moderate (n = 51), mild (n = 48). All patients underwent standard laboratory and instru-mental studies. After discharge, the patients were under dynamic observation. Af-ter 3, 6 and 9 months, the clinical and functional state was assessed, the content of IgG to SARS-CoV-2 was determined. Results: In the group with a severe course of COVID-19, subfebrile body tem-perature persisted (11.1 % of patients), saturation of 94–90 % (5.6 % of pa-tients), an increase in blood pressure by 9 months after the disease, while in groups with a moderate and mild course of the disease, the indicators normalized by the 6th month. The most pronounced humoral immune response was ob-served 3 months after the disease in the group of patients with a severe course (IgG to SARS-CoV-2 was detected in 88.9 %) compared with a moderate course (72.5 %) and mild (37.5 %). An increase in ferritin levels >330 µg/l may indicate the persistence of the humoral immune response beyond 36 weeks. Conclusion: Subfebrile body temperature, low saturation, and a statistically significant increase in blood pressure by 9 months after the illness persisted in patients who underwent severe COVID-19. At the same time, these patients showed the most pronounced immune response to SARS-CoV-2.
LASER-BEAM DESTRUCTION OF PERFORATING VEINS IN COMBINATION WITH AUTOTRANSPLANTATION OF DERMAL FIBROBLASTS IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF VENOUS TROPHIC ULCERS OF THE LOWER EXTREMITIES
Authors:   Belarusian State Medical University, O. V. Popkov , S. A. Alekseev ,   Belarusian State Medical University, P. P. Koshevsky ,   Belarusian State Medical University, A. N. Mokhan ,   3rd City Clinical Hospital E.V. Klumov, A. L. Ostapuk ,   3rd City Clinical Hospital E.V. Klumov, A. L. Danilevich ,   3rd City Clinical Hospital E.V. Klumov, N. N. Chizhik ,   Minsk Clinical Consultative and Diagnostic Center
Published: May 2023

Elimination of the etiopathogenetic factor plays a key role in the treatment of venous trophic ulcers. Currently, preference is given to operations using laser energy. Also, at present, in the treatment of trophic ulcers and long-term non-healing wounds, methods of cell transplantation and cell therapy are being actively researched and implemented. The use of methods of cell transplantation and cell therapy, according to the authors, can accelerate the healing of trophic ulcers and reduce the risk of recurrence. Goal and objectives. To introduce into clinical practice and evaluate the results of the elimination of vertical and horizontal venous reflux by endovenous laser-beam coagulation in combination with autotransplantation of dermal fibroblasts in patients with venous trophic ulcers. Materials and methods. Surgical correction of venous reflux with following au-totransplantation of dermal fibroblasts was carried out in 18 patients with trophic ulcers of venous etiology during 2018–2022. Results and its discussion. The effect of usage of autologous dermal fibroblasts was registered in 100 % of cases. All 18 patients achieved complete healing of ulcers within 2 to 4 weeks after cell transplantation. Patients were examined 1 year after cell autotransplantation. There were no recurrences of trophic ulcers. Conclusions. The usage of laser-beam methods for correction of venous reflux in combination with autotransplantation of dermal fibroblasts made it possible to achieve complete healing of ulcerous defect in patients with trophic ulcers of venous etiology. When evaluating long-term results, the absence of relapses was also noted in 100 % of cases.
Revision of an open-split-based dual inlet system for elemental and isotope ratio mass spectrometers with a focus on clumped isotope measurements
Authors: Räss Stephan , Nyfeler Peter , Wheeler Paul , Price Will , Leuenberger Markus Christian
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In this work we present a revision of an open-split-based dual inlet system for elemental and isotope ratio mass spectrometers (IRMS), which was developed by the Climate and Environmental Physics Division of the University of Bern two decades ago. Besides discussing the corresponding improvements we show that with this inlet system (NIS-II) external precisions can be achieved that are high enough to perform measurements of multiply-substituted isotopologues (clumped isotopes) on pure gases. For the clumped isotope ratios 35/32 and 36/32 of oxygen we achieved standard deviations of 3.4 ⋅ 10−9 and 4.9 ⋅ 10−9, respectively, that we calculated from 60 interval means (20 s integration) of pure oxygen gas measurements. Moreover, we report various performance tests and show that with the NIS-II delta values of various air components can be measured with precisions of order tenths of per meg and higher. In addition, we demonstrate that our new open-split-based dual inlet system allows to measure some of these delta values with significantly higher precisions than a NIS-I (precursor of NIS-II) and a conventional changeover-valve-based dual inlet system (tests performed with an Elementar iso DUAL INLET). The greatest discrepancies between the NIS-II and the iso DUAL INLET were observed for δ32/28 and δ44/28; the differences in the external precisions were 4 per meg and 35 per meg (10 SA/STD measurements), respectively. With respect to the reproducibility of δ32/28 means, the deviations from a reference value were even larger, namely around 0.1 ‰. Due to the successful preliminary tests regarding measurements of clumped isotope ratios, we will continue our work in this area to perform clumped isotope studies according to common practices.
The Local Bow Shock Environment during Magnetosheath Jet Formation: Results from a Hybrid-Vlasov Simulation
Authors: Suni Jonas , Palmroth Minna , Turc Lucile , Battarbee Markus , Cozzani Giulia , Dubart Maxime , Ganse Urs , George Harriet , Gordeev Evgeny , Papadakis Konstantinos , Pfau-Kempf Yann , Tarvus Vertti , Tesema Fasil , Zhou Hongyang
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Magnetosheath jets are plasma structures that are characterised by enhanced dynamics pressure and/or plasma velocity. A jet generation mechanism that has been widely discussed in observational and numerical studies is steepened Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves interacting with the bow shock. However, other formation mechanisms have also been proposed. In Suni et al. (2021), we studied jets in four 2D simulation runs of the global magnetospheric hybrid-Vlasov model Vlasiator and found that 75 % of the jets were associated with regions of enhanced magnetic field and dynamic pressure in the foreshock that we called foreshock compressive structures (FCS). In this study we focus on investigating the jets in the same simulation runs that are not associated with FCSs (non-FCS-jets), and then compare them to FCS-associated jets (FCS-jets). The data set consists of 791 jets in total, of which 562 (71 %) are FCS-jets and 229 (29 %) are non-FCS-jets. We find that the non-FCS-jets can be divided into two categories based on their direction of propagation, either predominantly antisunward or predominantly towards the flanks of the magnetosphere. Using this new categorisation methodology, we compare the plasma and magnetic field properties of flankward-propagating jets, antisunward-propagating jets, and FCS-jets at and around their formation times and locations, using both case studies and statistical analysis. We find that 120 (52 %) of the non-FCS-jets propagate antisunward, are associated with dynamic pressure and magnetic field enhancements in the foreshock, and are very reminiscent of FCS-jets in their properties. Thus 86 % of the jets in the data set are associated with dynamic pressure and magnetic field enhancements in the foreshock. The remaining 109 (48 %) propagate toward the flanks and exhibit higher perpendicular than parallel temperature with respect to the magnetic field, suggesting that they could consist of quasi-perpendicular magnetosheath plasma. We propose that these jets could be associated with local turning of the shock geometry from quasi-parallel to quasi-perpendicular due to bow shock reformation at the oblique shock caused by foreshock ULF wave activity. As antisunward-propagating jets can potentially impact the magnetopause and have effects on the magnetosphere, understanding which foreshock and bow shock phenomena are associated with them and which are not is important.
From atmospheric water isotopes measurement to firn core interpretation in Adelie Land: A case study for isotope-enabled atmospheric models in Antarctica
Authors: Leroy-Dos Santos Christophe , Fourré Elise , Agosta Cécile , Casado Mathieu , Cauquoin Alexandre , Werner Martin , Minster Benedicte , Prié Frederic , Jossoud Olivier , Petit Leila , Landais Amaëlle
Published: May 2023

Abstract. In a context of global warming and sea level rise acceleration, it is key to estimate the evolution of the atmospheric hydrological cycle and temperature in the polar regions, which directly influence the surface mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice sheets. Direct observations are available from satellite data for the last 40 years and a few weather data since the 50’s in Antarctica. One of the best ways to access longer records is to use climate proxies in firn or ice cores. The water isotopic composition in these cores is widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations. In order to progress in our understanding of the influence of the atmospheric hydrological cycle on the water isotopic composition, we first present a 2-year long time series of vapor and precipitation isotopic composition measurement at Dumont d’Urville station, in Adélie Land. We characterize diurnal variations of meteorological parameters (temperature, humidity and δ18O) for the different seasons and to determine the evolution of key relationships (δ18O versus temperature or humidity) along the year: we found mean annual slopes of 0.5 and 0.4 ‰ °C−1 for the relationship of δ18O vs. temperature in the water vapor and in the precipitation respectively. Then, this data set is used to evaluate the Atmospheric General Circulation Model ECHAM6-wiso (model version with embedded water stable isotopes) in a region where local conditions are controlled by strong katabatic winds which directly impact the isotopic signal. We show that a combination of continental (79 %) and oceanic (21 %) grid cells leads model outputs (temperature, humidity and δ18O) to nicely fit the observations, even winter extreme synoptic events are represented in the model. Therefore we demonstrate the added value of long-term water vapor isotopic composition records. Then, as a clear link is found between water vapor and precipitation isotopic composition, we evaluate how isotopic enabled models can help interpreting short firn cores.
Avalanche size estimation and avalanche outline determination by experts: reliability and implications for practice
Authors: Hafner Elisabeth D. , Techel Frank , Daudt Rodrigo Caye , Wegner Jan Dirk , Schindler Konrad , Bühler Yves
Published: May 2023

Abstract. Consistent estimates of avalanche size are crucial for communicating among avalanche practitioners, but also between avalanche forecasters and the public, as for instance in public avalanche forecasts. Moreover, applications such as risk management and numerical avalanche simulations rely on accurately mapped outlines of past avalanche events. Since there is no widely applicable and objective way to measure avalanche size nor to determine the outlines of an avalanche, humans estimate these. Therefore, knowing about the reliability of avalanche size estimates and avalanche outlines is essential as errors will impact applications relying on this kind of data. Conducting three user studies, we investigate the reliability in avalanche size estimates and avalanche outlines either mapped from oblique photographs or from remotely-sensed imagery. We compare size estimates for 10 avalanches made by 170 avalanche professionals working in Europe or North America, the mappings of six avalanches from oblique photographs from 10 participants, and the mappings of avalanches visible on 2.9 km2 of remotely-sensed imagery in four different spatial resolutions from five participants. We observed an average agreement in the avalanche size estimated by the majority of respondents of 66 %, while agreement with the avalanche size considered «correct» was 74 %. Moreover, European avalanche practitioners rated avalanches significantly larger for eight out of 10 avalanches, compared to North Americans. For the outlines mapped from oblique photographs, we noted a mean overlapping proportion of 52 % for any two avalanche mappings and 60 % compared to a reference mapping. The outlines mapped from remotely-sensed imagery had a mean overlapping proportion of 46 % (image resolution 2 m) to 68 % (25 cm) between any two mappings, and 64 % (2 m) to 80 % (25 cm) when compared to the reference. Assuming that participants are equally competent in the estimation of avalanche size or the determination of avalanche outlines, we calculated a score describing the factor required to obtain the proportion of agreements between any two size estimates or overlap in avalanche areas. This factor was 0.72 for avalanche size estimates in our data set. It can be regarded as the certainty related to a size estimate by an individual, and thus provides an indication of the reliability of a label. The presented findings demonstrate that the reliability of size estimates and of mapped avalanche outlines is limited. As these data are often used as reference data or even ground truth to validate further applications, the discovered limitations and uncertainties may influence results and should be to be taken into account.