bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Generational effects of culture and digital media in former Soviet Republics
Authors: Horne Benjamin D. , Rice Natalie M. , Luther Catherine A. , Ruck Damian J. , Borycz Joshua , Allard Suzie L. , Fitzgerald Michael , Manaev Oleg , Prins Brandon C. , Taylor Maureen , Bentley R. Alexander
Published: April 2023

In public opinion, social and digital media provide means for influence as well as sorting according to pre-existing values. Here we consider types of media usage versus opinion using new polling results in the former Soviet republics (FSRs) of Belarus, Ukraine, and Georgia. Over 1000 individuals in each country were asked about a news event (the January 6 riot at the U.S. Capitol) and about the long-term future of their country. We find that year of birth and country of residence, rather than self-reported media reliance, consistently predicted the respondents’ views, particularly on the future of their country. The timing of these differences suggests a cultural difference between generations growing up in the Soviet Union (likely more pro-Russian) versus afterward, in an FSR (more pro-Western). Whereas digital media choice is somewhat correlated with perceptions of a recent, international news event, the more predictive factors are longer-term cultural values and age cohorts within each nation.
Overexpression of ClRAP2.4 in Chrysanthemum enhances tolerance to cold stress
Authors: Ren Manrong , Yang Wenting , Zhang Jianing , Zhao Li , Quan Yingjie , He Zihan , Xu Yanan , Zhang Fageng , Yin Ming , Wang Yaoying , Gao Ri
Published: April 2023

The apetala/ethylene responsive factor (AP2/ERF) family is one of the largest plant-specific transcription factors and plays a vital role in plant development and response to stress. The apetala 2.4 (RAP2.4) gene is a member of the AP2/ERF family. In this study, ClRAP2.4 cDNA fragment with 768 bp open reading frame was cloned and the resistance of ClRAP2.4 overexpression to low temperature was investigated to understand whether RAP2.4 is involved in low-temperature stress in chrysanthemum (Chrysamthemum lavandulifolium). Phylogenetic analysis showed that ClRAP2.4 belonged to the DREB subfamily and was most closely related to AT1G22190. ClRAP2.4 was localised in cell nucleus and promotes transcriptional activation in yeast. In addition, ClRAP2.4 was transformed by using the Agrobacterium-mediated leaf disc method, and four overexpression lines (OX-1, OX-2, OX-7, and OX-8) were obtained. The activities of superoxide dismutase and peroxidase, and proline content in leaves in the four overexpression line were higher than those in the wild type (WT), whereas the electrical conductivity and malondialdehyde content were decreased, indicating that the tolerance of plants with ClRAP2.4 overexpression to cold stress was increased. RNA-Seq showed 390 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the transgenic and WT plants(229 upregulated, 161 downregulated). The number of ABRE, LTR, and DRE cis-elements in the promoters of DEGs were 175, 106, and 46, respectively. The relative expression levels of ClCOR, ClFe/MnSOD, ClPOD, ClNCL, ClPLK, ClFAD, and ClPRP in the transgenic plants were higher than those in WT plants at low temperatures. These data suggest that ClRAP2.4 may increase chrysanthemum tolerance to cold stress.
Astigmatic electron beam propagation
Authors: Elmer John W. , Gibbs Gordon
Published: April 2023

An astigmatic electron beam with an ellipticity ratio of approximately 2:1 was examined using the Enhanced Modified Faraday Cup (EMFC) diagnostic to measure its properties and show how the power density distribution varies near the beam waist. Results show that the beam has two power density peaks, one on either side of the beam crossover point, resulting from different focal distances of the major and minor axes of the elliptical beam shape. Quantification of the beam properties was used to establish a depth-of-field where the beam diameter and peak power densities are relatively constant. For the 1 kW beam studied here, the depth-of-field measured approximately ±5 mm from the beam crossover point, illustrating how electron beam diagnostics can be used to identify process control limits for repeatable and reliable welds under non-ideal electron beam power density distribution conditions.
Myeloid Src-family kinases are critical for neutrophil-mediated autoinflammation in gout and motheaten models
Authors: Futosi Krisztina , Németh Tamás , Horváth Ádám I. , Abram Clare L. , Tusnády Simon , Lowell Clifford A. , Helyes Zsuzsanna , Mócsai Attila
Published: April 2023

Autoinflammatory diseases include a number of monogenic systemic inflammatory diseases, as well as acquired autoinflammatory diseases such as gout. Here, we show that the myeloid Src-family kinases Hck, Fgr, and Lyn are critical for experimental models of gout, as well as for genetically determined systemic inflammation in the Ptpn6me-v/me-v (motheaten viable) mouse model. The Hck−/−Fgr−/−Lyn−/− mutation abrogated various monosodium urate (MSU) crystal–induced pro-inflammatory responses of neutrophils, and protected mice from the development of gouty arthritis. The Src-family inhibitor dasatinib abrogated MSU crystal–induced responses of human neutrophils and reduced experimental gouty arthritis in mice. The Hck−/−Fgr−/−Lyn−/− mutation also abrogated spontaneous inflammation and prolonged the survival of the Ptpn6me-v/me-v mice. Spontaneous adhesion and superoxide release of Ptpn6me-v/me-v neutrophils were also abolished by the Hck−/−Fgr−/−Lyn−/− mutation. Excessive activation of tyrosine phosphorylation pathways in myeloid cells may characterize a subset of autoinflammatory diseases.
PatchNR: learning from very few images by patch normalizing flow regularization
Authors: Altekrüger Fabian , Denker Alexander , Hagemann Paul , Hertrich Johannes , Maass Peter , Steidl Gabriele
Published: April 2023

Learning neural networks using only few available information is an important ongoing research topic with tremendous potential for applications. In this paper, we introduce a powerful regularizer for the variational modeling of inverse problems in imaging. Our regularizer, called patch normalizing flow regularizer (patchNR), involves a normalizing flow learned on small patches of very few images. In particular, the training is independent of the considered inverse problem such that the same regularizer can be applied for different forward operators acting on the same class of images. By investigating the distribution of patches versus those of the whole image class, we prove that our model is indeed a maximum a posteriori approach. Numerical examples for low-dose and limited-angle computed tomography (CT) as well as superresolution of material images demonstrate that our method provides very high quality results. The training set consists of just six images for CT and one image for superresolution. Finally, we combine our patchNR with ideas from internal learning for performing superresolution of natural images directly from the low-resolution observation without knowledge of any high-resolution image.
Maximum a posteriori estimators in
ℓp
are well-defined for diagonal Gaussian priors
Authors: Klebanov Ilja , Wacker Philipp
Published: April 2023

We prove that maximum a posteriori estimators are well-defined for diagonal Gaussian priors µ on

ℓ
p

under common assumptions on the potential Φ. Further, we show connections to the Onsager–Machlup functional and provide a corrected and strongly simplified proof in the Hilbert space case p = 2, previously established by Dashti et al (2013 Inverse Problems
29 095017); Kretschmann (2019 PhD Thesis). These corrections do not generalize to the setting

1
⩽
p
<
∞

, which requires a novel convexification result for the difference between the Cameron–Martin norm and the p-norm.
Relationship between changes in interface characteristics and external voltage under compressing force in metal–graphene–metal stacks
Authors: Daugalas Tomas , Bukauskas Virginijus , Lukša Algimantas , Nargelienė Viktorija , Šetkus Arūnas
Published: April 2023

Metal–graphene–metal (M–G–M) stacks have provided new specific methods for the integration of two-dimensional (2D) materials into three-dimensional (3D) electronic devices, such as transistors, supercapacitors, memristors and others. Intentional control of the local electronic properties in the stacks is the primary problem to be solved when developing hybrid structures with 2D and 3D elements. In order to do this, the physical mechanisms and processes that define the properties of the stacks must be thoroughly understood. This report introduces an approach based on the force curve analysis in terms of the interface characteristics in the M–G–M stack. In the study, the stack was produced by pressing the platinum probe of a scanning probe microscope into the surface of a gold-supported graphene monolayer, and the force curve was measured under applied direct current voltage. Based on the model of the van der Waals contact, the equilibrium interface distances and the built-in potential were obtained from the experimental results. The equilibrium state was proved to be weakly dependent on the applied voltage below a threshold level. Above this level, irreversible changes and the effect of the history of the tests were detected. The proposed method is acceptable to quantitatively describe the most essential characteristics in a local area of the M–G–M stack, essential for the construction of nano-scaled electronic devices.
Magnetic-field induced melting of long-range magnetic order akin to Kitaev insulators in the metallic compound Tb5Si3
Authors: Rayaprol S , Iyer K K , Hoser A , Reehuis M , Morozkin A V , Siruguri V , Maiti K , Sampathkumaran E V
Published: April 2023

There have been constant efforts to find ‘exotic’ quantum spin-liquid (QSL) materials. Some of the transition metal insulators dominated by the direction-dependent anisotropic exchange interaction (‘Kitaev model’ for honeycomb network of magnetic ions) are considered to be promising cases for the same. In such Kitaev insulators, QSL is achieved from the zero-field antiferromagnetic state by the application of magnetic-field, suppressing other exchange interactions responsible for magnetic order. Here, we show that the features attributable to long-range magnetic ordering of the intermetallic compound, Tb5Si3, (T
N = 69 K), containing honey-comb network of Tb ions, are completely suppressed by a critical applied field, H
cr, in heat-capacity and magnetization data, mimicking the behavior of Kitaev physics candidates. The neutron diffraction patterns as a function of H reveal that it is an incommensurate magnetic structure that gets suppressed, showing peaks arising from multiple wave vectors beyond H
cr. Increasing magnetic entropy as a function of H with a peak in the magnetically ordered state is in support of some kind of magnetic disorder in a narrow field range after H
cr. Such a high-field behavior for a metallic heavy rare-earth system to our knowledge has not been reported in the past and therefore is intriguing.
Quantification of dermis sodium concentration in skin layers by power spectral density drop of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS)
Authors: Rifai Isnan Nur , Baidillah Marlin Ramadhan , Wicaksono Ridwan , Akita Shinsuke , Takei Masahiro
Published: April 2023

Assessing dermis sodium concentration in skin is essential since an excessive amount of sodium is associated with vascular function disorders. In this research, dermis sodium concentration

c

has been quantified by the power spectral density drop

Δ

P

of square-wave electrical impedance spectroscopy (PSDd-sEIS). PSDd-sEIS is composed of three stages: (1) dermis voltage measurement, (2) PSDd calculation, and (3) dermis sodium quantification. In the 1st stage, three electrodes are arranged to measure voltage

v

under the constant current

I

of square-wave. In the 2nd stage,

Δ

P

is evaluated by the first and third harmonic frequency from

v

. In the 3rd stage,

c

is quantified by the developed linear regression. To obtain the highest sensitivity between c and

Δ

P
,

 

four measurement factors (square-wave frequency

f

sw

,

 

duty-cycle

γ

, electrode distance d, and electrode diameter ø) were optimized using numerical simulations of a skin model. Experiments on multi-layered skin under various c in the range of 5 nM–50 mM were conducted by PSDd-sEIS hardware with optimized measurement factors of

f

sw

∗

=
100

 kHz

,

γ
∗

=
50

%

,

d
∗

=
2

 mm

, and

ϕ
∗

=
0.8

 mm

. As the results, the quantification of c has a good accuracy with the normalized sensitivity

⟨
S
⟩

 

=0.87 and determination coefficient R2
= 0.92. The measurement factors of

f

sw

 

and

γ

affect the power of square-wave excitation to pass through the high resistivity barrier of the stratum corneum, while the measurement factors of d and ø affect the stability of current flow in the dermis.
Online evaluation of resistance spot welding quality and defect classification
Authors: Yang Weile , P Gao Perry , Gao Xiangdong
Published: April 2023

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is widely used in industrial product manufacturing, and weld quality is critical to ensure the safety and reliability of mechanical structures. With product quality improvement, the online monitoring of weld quality has become an urgent issue. Therefore, a method for online evaluation of RSW quality and automatic classification of welding defects based on mild steel is proposed. By acquiring the welding current and electrode voltage signals of the welding process in real time, a finite impulse response low-pass filter based on the Blackman window function is designed to perform zero-phase filtering of the dynamic resistance (DR). The influence of three welding parameters on the nugget diameter and shear strength of spot welding of DC01 mild steel was studied through the control variable method to determine the optimum welding parameters. Since the main defects of the RSW process are classified as expulsion defects and incomplete fusion defects, minor adjustments were made to the welding parameters to produce expulsion and incomplete fusion defects. Features in the time domain are extracted from the DR curves signals of normal, expulsion, and incomplete fusion welding spots, and the performance of the extracted features in the classifier is analyzed. Improvements are made to classify normal and expulsion spots with low accuracy, a new method is proposed that can accurately classify the quality of the welding spots. Through online evaluation tests of quality on 200 welding spots, the online evaluation test showed results that closely matched the validation test results. The results of the classification performance tests show that this study can be used for online evaluation of RSW quality and automatic classification of the welding spot defects of the DC01.
Tuning crystal orientation and chiral spin order in Mn3Ge by annealing process and ion implantation
Authors: Wang Xiaolei , Cui Shuainan , Yang Meiyin , Zhao Lei , Tan Bi , Liu Tao , Wang Guangcheng , Deng Jinxiang , Luo Jun
Published: April 2023

The non-collinear antiferromagnetic Weyl semimetal Mn3X (X = Ga, Ge, Sn) system has attracted a lot of attentions owing to its robust anomalous Hall effect (AHE), large spin Hall angle and small net magnetization at room temperature. The high spin-charge interconversion efficiency makes it a super candidate in topological antiferromagnetic spintronic devices, which could facilitate ultra-fast operation of high-density devices with low energy consumption. In this work, we have realized to obtain different chiral spin structures in Heusler alloy Mn3Ge thin films, which originate from different crystalline orientations. The high-quality (0002)- and (202¯0)-oriented single phase hexagonal Mn3Ge films are achieved by controllable growth, annealing process and ion implantation. The various magnetic properties and AHE behaviors are observed alongaandccrystal axes, equivalent to magnetic field in and out of the inverse triangular spin plane. The observation demonstrates the manipulation of crystal structure accompanied with chiral spin order in a non-collinear antiferromagnetic Mn3Ge film, which is induced by energy conversion and defect introduction. Thein situthermal treatment induces crystal phase rotation up to 90° and robust AHE modulation, which is significantly important and highly desirable for flexible spin memory device applications.
Feasibility of teaching experimental physics during Covid-19 pandemic
Authors: Franco Margareth K K D , Serbena José Pedro Mansueto , Mattoso Filho Ney Pereira , Wiener Denis de Oliveira , Yokaichiya Fabiano , Fujimoto Milton Massumi
Published: April 2023

At the beginning of 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic surprised the world, affecting activities that promote attendance, including abruptly impacting the education area. Educational institutions, from preschool to university, were required to adopt alternative teaching methods to continue their activities. Distance learning has been adopted by educators to address this unprecedented challenge. Our University, more specifically the Department of Physics, reacted to the problem in an ambitious and creative way, taking advantage of it as an opportunity to put into practice methodologies related to the teaching of disciplines that were only practiced in person, such as the discipline of Experimental Physics. This study aims to describe the implementation of the discipline of Experimental Physics I at our University, promoted remotely by professors of the Department of Physics. We verified: (i) that the choice of the best technologies as a tool for teaching is fundamental for the better dissemination of knowledge, (ii) that inclusive programs for each course are very important, (iii) the importance of prior presentation of a schedule, (iv) the importance of defining clear assessment rules for students on remote teaching. We also evaluated the number of accesses as a measure of student participation and analysed the statistics of the discipline in several engineering courses.
Numerical tools for burning plasmas
Authors: Mishchenko A , Biancalani A , Borchardt M , Bottino A , Briguglio S , Dumont R , Ferreira J , Graves J P , Hayward-Schneider T , Kleiber R , Könies A , Lanti E , Lauber Ph , Leyh H , Lu Z X , Lütjens H , McMillan B , Campos Pinto M , Poli E , Rettino B , Rofman B , Sama J N , Slaby C , Vannini F , Villard L , Vlad G , Wang X , Widmer F , Zonca F
Published: April 2023

The software stack under development within a European coordinated effort on tools for burning plasma modelling is presented. The project is organised as a Task (TSVV Task 10) under the new E-TASC initiative (Litaudonet al2022Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion64034005). This is a continued effort within the EUROfusion inheriting from the earlier European coordination projects as well as research projects based at various European laboratories. The ongoing work of the TSVV Tasks is supported by the Advanced Computing Hubs. Major projects requiring the high performance computing (HPC) resources are global gyrokinetic codes and global hybrid particle-magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) codes. Also applications using the integrated modelling tools, such as the Energetic-Particle Workflow, based on the ITER Integrated Modelling & Analysis Suite (IMAS), or the code package for modelling radio-frequency heating and fast-ion generation may require intensive computation and a substantial memory footprint. The continual development of these codes both on the physics side and on the HPC side allows us to tackle frontier problems, such as the interaction of turbulence with MHD-type modes in the presence of fast particles. One of the important mandated outcomes of the E-TASC project is the IMAS-enabling of EUROfusion codes and release of the software stack to the EUROfusion community.
CO2 conversion in a microwave plasma torch: 2D vs 1D approaches
Authors: Babaeva N Yu , Naidis G V , Tereshonok D V , Chernyshev T V , Volkov L S , Vasiliev M M , Petrov O F
Published: April 2023

In the present study, we computationally investigate the splitting of CO2 to carbon monoxide and oxygen in an atmospheric pressure microwave (MW) plasma torch. We demonstrate different stages of CO2 conversion while using 2D and 1D models. For both models, we use identical sets of chemical reactions, cross sections, power profiles and dimensions of the plasma region. Based on the real MW plasma torch device, we first constructed two-dimensional geometry and obtained results using the 2D model. Then, the 1D plug-flow model was employed. With 1D model we expected to obtain the results close to those we already had from the 2D approach. However, we revealed that the gas temperature and plasma species behaviour in 1D model was quite different from those obtained with the 2D code. We revisited the 2D results and found that the reverse (upstream) gas flow near the central electrode was responsible for the observed discrepancies. In 2D model, the residence time of a certain portion of gas was much longer. When the flow rate in 1D model was adjusted, the reasonable agreement between both models was achieved.
Probing a Bose metal via electrons: inescapable non-Fermi liquid scattering and pseudogap physics
Authors: Yue(岳辛磊) Xinlei , Hegg Anthony , Li(李翔) Xiang , Ku(顧威) Wei
Published: April 2023

Non-Fermi liquid behavior and pseudogap formation are among the most well-known examples of exotic spectral features observed in several strongly correlated materials such as the hole-doped cuprates, nickelates, iridates, ruthenates, ferropnictides, doped Mott organics, transition metal dichalcogenides, heavy fermions, d- and f-electron metals, etc. We demonstrate that these features are inevitable consequences when fermions couple to an unconventional Bose metal (Hegg et al 2021 Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
118) mean field consisting of lower-dimensional coherence. Not only do we find both exotic phenomena, but also a host of other features that have been observed e.g. in the cuprates including nodal anti-nodal dichotomy and pseudogap asymmetry (symmetry) in momentum (real) space. Obtaining these exotic and heretofore mysterious phenomena via a mean field offers a simple, universal, and therefore widely applicable explanation for their ubiquitous empirical appearance.
Proposal of rectennas as an auxiliary device for the electrical power subsystem of a 1U CubeSat
Authors: Medina Sánchez I , Flores A , Lozano E E
Published: April 2023

Current electrical power subsystem (EPS) devices operate solely on solar panels and batteries, depending on them to provide at least 5 watts of power for a 1U CubeSat, this research proposes an auxiliary method to increase the CubeSat power or lessen the battery sizes by providing a different energy source via a rectenna. These devices are capable of delivering an output voltage by harnessing electromagnetic waves in its surroundings, there are different types of circuits and this paper compiles the best candidates to operate in a 1U CubeSat. Nanosatellites are strongly restricted by their weight and energy usage, thus by using an auxiliary device for the EPS that could potentially reduce the size of said subsystem, the results are an even more efficient CubeSat in terms of energy and space distribution.
Integrating spaceborne estimates of structural diversity of habitat into wildlife occupancy models
Authors: Killion Alexander K , Honda Arata , Trout Edward , Carter Neil H
Published: April 2023

Vegetation structure is a crucial dimension of wildlife habitat, responsive to global changes in human activities and ecosystem processes. NASA’s recent Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) provides an exciting opportunity to explore how spaceborne waveform observations can improve our ability to measure wildlife habitat and advance animal ecology in the Anthropocene. We tested the utility of GEDI data in univariate occupancy models to estimate habitat use in a remote mountain system in central Idaho, USA. We collected data from 49 camera trap stations from two surveys in 2018–2019 and modeled the occupancy for each of seven mammal species representing different trophic levels and feeding strategies: American black bear (Ursus americanus), deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus canadensis), moose (Alces alces), coyote (Canis latrans), wolf (Canis lupus), and mountain lion (Puma concolor). We first derived structural diversity indices (richness, evenness, and divergence) of GEDI-derived canopy height, plant area index, and foliage height diversity to represent different dimensions of vegetation structure. This spatial aggregation is necessary due to gaps in GEDI footprints and parallels commonly used functional diversity metrics applied to biological communities that are calculated using trait probability densities. We measured these indices across three spatial scales that reflect different species movement and habitat selection patterns. We found the structural diversity indices of canopy height, foliage height diversity, and plant area index had the strongest effects on the occupancy of most mammals compared to two-dimensional (2D) variables (e.g. tree cover, normalized difference vegetation index). The spatial extent of these indices also influenced the strength of response, highlighting the importance of selecting a scale large enough to capture sufficient GEDI footprints but small enough to reflect site-level variance. Compared to 2D covariates, our results suggest that GEDI variables allow researchers to generate more detailed inference on the forms of habitat that wildlife use. We discuss the implications of these findings for habitat management and future wildlife research from local to global scales.
Quantum radial basis function method for the Poisson equation
Authors: Cui Lingxia , Wu Zongmin , Xiang Hua
Published: April 2023

The radial basis function (RBF) method is widely used for the numerical solution of the Poisson problem in high dimension, where the approximate solution can be found by solving a large system of linear equations. We demonstrate that the RBF method can be accelerated on a quantum computer by using an efficient quantum algorithm for linear equations. We compare the theoretical performance of our quantum algorithm with that of a standard classical algorithm, and find that the quantum algorithm can achieve a polynomial speedup.
The Success Factors of Green Construction Management Implementation on Building Projects
Authors: Wijayaningtyas Maranatha , Hutama Renaldy Priya , Winanda Lila Ayu Ratna , Meliala Jericho Goldwind Sembiring
Published: April 2023

The importance of implementing green construction has been introduced and campaigned in Indonesia. However, in reality, implementing green construction in Indonesia is still not optimal and has not gone as desired due to several factors. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors that affect success in applying green construction. The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors affect the success of the implementation of green construction management. The analysis results of factors that affect the success of the implementation of green construction management are used to determine the dominant success factor in building projects in Malang City. Method data collection in this study is by distributing questionnaires filled out by experts in the Field of Construction Management, Academics, and PUPR Offices in Malang City. Furthermore, the data obtained will be processed using the Simple Additive Weighting method. The results showed that alternative machines and advanced equipment achieved the first rank with a total value of 0,256. The second rank is achieved by material alternatives and implementation methods in green construction with a total value of 0,231. Finally, the third rank is achieved by alternative awareness in green construction with a total value of 0,217. Therefore, the most prevalent factors in applying green construction management are the presence of sophisticated machinery and equipment, the use of materials and methods of implementation, as well as the awareness of contractors to implement green construction. Therefore, these three success factors can be considered when implementing green construction projects in Malang City.
Corporate social and environmental responsibility of companies in the natural resources business industry: An Indonesian juridical perspective
Authors: Murjiyanto R , Andani D , Wibawanti E S , lka S R , Fransisca S
Published: April 2023

This study aims to analyze the problems regarding the social and environmental responsibility (CSR) of natural resource companies, as clearly regulated in Law Number 40 of 2007 concerning Limited Liability Companies. The law requires every company to conduct CSR. However, the obligation needs to be followed by a clear arrangement of sanctions given to companies that do not carry out their CSR obligations. Therefore, this study will analyze the urgency of CSR for companies in the field of natural resources and the sanctions that should be imposed on companies that do not carry out mandatory CSR. This research was conducted using a normative method by reviewing regulations per related laws or other documents related to the company’s social and environmental obligations. The results of this present study may provide recommendations to the regulatory bodies in Indonesia that it is necessary to have clear arrangements regarding the imposition of sanctions for companies that do not carry out their CSR.
Strategy for empowering corn farmers due to climate change in Wonoharjo Village Kemusu Boyolali
Authors: Suminah  , Anantanyu S
Published: April 2023

Climate change causes rainfall in most parts of Indonesia to decrease. The existence of climate change causes farmers to no longer be able to use local knowledge to predict the climate, thereby reducing the level of productivity of food commodities. This often happens during the ‘pumpster’ season when farmers plant, but it turns out that it doesn’t rain as predicted after planting. Wonoharjo Village as a producer of corn is one of the villages affected by climate change due to rainfed agriculture. This study aims to determine the strategies for empowering corn farmers in Wonoharjo Village due to climate change. This research is a qualitative descriptive research. The research subjects were corn farmers who experienced climate change in Wonoharjo Village, samples were taken by snowball. Corn farmers’ adaptation strategies due to climate change have been carried out by local farmers, namely: 40 percent of farmers changed planting time, 20 percent of farmers changed plant varieties, 40 percent of farmers let their land “bero”. Relevant empowerment strategies include: creating a microclimate, improving cultivation, and strengthening group institutions.
Climate Change Impacts on Soil Moisture and Temperature in the Plain and Mountainous Regions of Gifu Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Asano Juri , Kojima Yuki , Kato Chihiro , Kamiya Kohji
Published: April 2023

Climate change alters air temperature, precipitation, and rainfall patterns, thereby affecting the soil environment, including soil water content and temperature. The impact of climate change on soil environment varies from region to region. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the impacts of climate change on the soil environment using meteorological and soil information specific to each region. The Gifu Prefecture, Japan, has a large area and rich topographical diversity. This study aimed to elucidate the impact of climate change on the soil environment in the plain and mountainous regions of Gifu Prefecture. The present (2011–2020) and future (2091–2100) soil temperature, water content, and snow depth were calculated using HYDRUS-1D and Agro-Meteorological Grid Square Data. The analysis predicted an increase in soil temperatures by 3°C in the future. The increase in soil temperature at the plain site was larger than that at the mountainous site. The future soil water content in the plain site increased (by 0.01×10−3 m3 m−3) and that in the mountainous site decreased (by 0.67×10−3 m3 m−3). These results may differ depending on the global circulation model selected. The mountainous site indicated heavier snowfall in winter, affecting the soil water content. The plain site was more sensitive to climate change than the mountainous site with respect to soil temperature, and the mountainous site was more sensitive to climate change with respect to soil moisture. This study revealed the impacts of climate change on two regions, in the future we will expand our analysis to cover the entire Gifu prefecture.
An Overview of Extreme Storm Trends in Java Island using Storm Severity Index (SSI)
Authors: Susandi Armi , Pratama Angga Fauzan , Wijaya Aristyo Rahadian
Published: April 2023

Extreme winds can lead to extreme storms, which are among the most frequent forms of extreme weather in Indonesia. With climate change predicted to increase the adverse impact of extreme weather, it is crucial to keep track of and gauge the severity of storm events. Storm Severity Index (SSI) can be used to measure the severity of storms, which is defined by their intensity, duration, and extent. SSI has been used in continental areas. However, the application of SSI in the maritime continent is still limited. This study explores the application of SSI to measure extreme storms in Indonesia based on wind gust speed. This study uses wind gust data in 1959-2021 from ERA5 reanalysis data and calculates the SSI based on the 98th percentile and the 50-year return value of the wind data. This study also explores the meteorological events that coincide with high SSI values. This study found the SSI able to capture high wind gust events in Java Island. This study finds high SSI value coincides with tropical cyclone events in the Indian Ocean. Topography affects the area on Java Island that has a high SSI value. Further study should evaluate the impact of the coastal and non-coastal areas to reduce the significant effect of sea-land breeze or mountain-valley breeze. In addition, future research also needs to address the significance level of the duration of events in a severe storm to enhance the information on severity.
Non-local Andreev reflection through Andreev molecular states in graphene Josephson junctions
Authors: Zsurka Eduárd , Plaszkó Noel , Rakyta Péter , Kormányos Andor
Published: April 2023

We propose that a device composed of two vertically stacked monolayer graphene Josephson junctions can be used for Cooper pair splitting. The hybridization of the Andreev bound states of the two Josephson junction can facilitate non-local transport in this normal-superconductor hybrid structure, which we study by calculating the non-local differential conductance. Assuming that one of the graphene layers is electron and the other is hole doped, we find that the non-local Andreev reflection can dominate the differential conductance of the system. Our setup does not require the precise control of junction length, doping, or super conducting phase difference, which could be an important advantage for experimental realization.
Numerical simulation of cellular automaton in vacuum arc remelting during the solidification process
Authors: Zhu Mengmeng , Lv Gaolin , Li Xiangming , Zhou Xu
Published: April 2023

In this paper, the finite element and cellular automaton coupling (CAFE) model is used to simulate the solidification process of a large ingot during vacuum consumable arc melting (VAR). The effects of melting temperature, melting rate, and mold cooling coefficient on temperature field distribution and solidification structure were studied by simulation. The results show that the microstructure predicted by the numerical method is consistent with the experimental results. As the melting temperature increases from 1500 °C to 1800 °C, the depth of the molten pool increases from 14 mm to 24 mm, the width of the mushy zone decreases from 10 mm to 9 mm, and the average radius of the grains increases from 584.3 μm to 679 μm. With the increase in melting rate from 6 kg min−1 to 12 kg min−1, the maximum depth of the molten pool increases from 4 mm to 32 mm, the width of the mushy zone increases from 8 mm to 13 mm, and the average grain radius decreases from 943 μm to 497 μm. As the cooling coefficient of the mold increases from 1000 W m−2·K−1 to 5000 W m−2·K−1, the depth of the molten pool decreases from 16.7 mm to 12 mm, the width of the mushy zone decreases from 7.3 mm to 5.9 mm, and the average radius of the grains increases from 630 μm to 1303.5 μm.
Magnetic-field-controlled growth of magnetoelastic phase domains in FeRh
Authors: Arregi Jon Ander , Ringe Friederike , Hajduček Jan , Gomonay Olena , Molnár Tomáš , Jaskowiec Jiří , Uhlíř Vojtěch
Published: April 2023

Magnetic phase transition materials are relevant building blocks for developing green technologies such as magnetocaloric devices for solid-state refrigeration. Their integration into applications requires a good understanding and controllability of their properties at the micro- and nanoscale. Here, we present an optical microscopy study of the phase domains in FeRh across its antiferromagnetic–ferromagnetic phase transition. By tracking the phase-dependent optical reflectivity, we establish that phase domains have typical sizes of a few microns for relatively thick epitaxial films (200 nm), thus enabling visualization of domain nucleation, growth, and percolation processes in great detail. Phase domain growth preferentially occurs along the principal crystallographic axes of FeRh, which is a consequence of the elastic adaptation to both the substrate-induced stress and laterally heterogeneous strain distributions arising from the different unit cell volumes of the two coexisting phases. Furthermore, we demonstrate a magnetic-field-controlled directional growth of phase domains during both heating and cooling, which is predominantly linked to the local effect of magnetic dipolar fields created by the alignment of magnetic moments in the emerging (disappearing) FM phase fraction during heating (cooling). These findings highlight the importance of the magnetoelastic character of phase domains for enabling the local control of micro- and nanoscale phase separation patterns using magnetic fields or elastic stresses.
Using a computationally driven screening to enhance magnetocaloric effect of metal monoborides
Authors: Romero-Muñiz Carlos , Law Jia Yan , Moreno-Ramírez Luis M , Díaz-García Álvaro , Franco Victorino
Published: April 2023

In most cases, substitution studies that aim to optimize magnetic properties are performed at the magnetic atomic site. However, in the case of MnB, magnetic substitutions at the Mn site significantly decrease the once promising magnetocaloric and magnetic properties. This study employs computationally directed search to optimize the magnetocaloric properties of MnB where partial substitutions of boron atoms (Mn50B50−

x
Si
x
and Mn50B50−

x
Ge
x
where x = 3.125, 6.25, and 12.5) reveal new compounds with a greater magnetocaloric effect than pure MnB at the same Curie temperature. These new compounds were obtained by arc melting the pure elements and further characterized. The computationally driven screening process is based on density functional theory calculations that do not require large databases of known compounds. This work demonstrates that using simple computational screening procedures to search for new magnetocaloric materials with improved properties can be done quickly, cost-effectively, and while maintaining reliability.
The effect of geometrical parameters on blast resistance of sandwich panels—a review
Authors: Gülcan Orhan , Günaydın Kadir , Tamer Aykut
Published: April 2023

Many engineering structures, especially defense applications, need to be reinforced against blast loads due to a nearby explosion. Today, much more attention needs to be given to this issue because of increased exposure to explosions, and natural disasters. Different solutions have been used in the literature to mitigate blast-loading effects. One of these applications, sandwich panels, are a good candidate for blast-loading applications. In a sandwich panel structure, several parameters have considerable effects on deflections, deformations, and energy absorption capability. The most important of these parameters are: (i) the material and thickness of the front and back face sheets and core; (ii) core density and grading; (iii) core and face sheet types; (iv) filling and stiffening strategies of the core; (v) radius of curvature of the panel; (vi) mass of explosive charge; and (vii) standoff distance. The aim of this paper is to review these critical aspects of blast loading of sandwich panels to provide an overall insight into the state of the art of the application.
Experimental investigation on microhardness, surface roughness, and white layer thickness of dry EDM
Authors: Janardhana Kedri , Anushkannan N K , Dinakaran K P , Puse Ranjit Kumar , Boopathi Sampath
Published: April 2023

In this research, the environment-friendly dry electrical discharge machining (EDM) process is investigated to improve the microhardness, surface finish, and white layer thickness of the machined surfaces using graphite-argon gas as a dielectric medium. The graphite powder, mixed with compressed argon gas, has been used to replace the existing dielectric medium in the EDM process. Gas pressure, discharge current, pulse width, and gap voltage were working as input parameters to reduce surface roughness and enhance the microhardness and white layer thickness. The Taguchi L16 orthogonal array is applied to the design and analysis of the experimental results. The minimum surface roughness (2.23 μm) of the HN31 steel has been attained by increasing the gas pressure up to 1.0 MPa and the minimum values of pulse width (40 μs), gap voltage (40 V), and discharge current (6 A). The maximum microhardness (501.04 HV) has been obtained at 1.2 MPa of gas pressure, 120 μs of pulse width, 60 V of gap voltage, and 18 A of discharge current. The maximum white layer thickness (16.24 μm) is achieved by the maximum values of gas pressure (1.2 MPa), pulse width (160 μs), gap voltage (70 V) and discharge current (18 A). The SEM analysis had been done to reveal the white recast layer thickness and surface roughness of the machined surfaces of the dry EDM process. The SR is increased by the recast layer, pores, and microcracks on the machined surfaces. Finally, the multi-criteria optimization technique: Weight Product Method (WPM) is applied to predict optimum process parameter settings: GP: 1.2 MPa, PW: 120 μs, GV: 50 V, and DC: 18 A to meet the best machining performances (MH = 493.32 HV, WLT = 14.28 μm, and SR = 3.82 μm). The validation tests were done to confirm the predicted results obtained by both the Taguchi and WSM methods.
Ferroelectric topologically configurable multilevel logic unit
Authors: Razumnaya Anna G , Tikhonov Yuri A , Vinokur Valerii M , Lukyanchuk Igor A
Published: April 2023

Multilevel devices demonstrating switchable polarization enable us to efficiently realize neuromorphic functionalities including synaptic plasticity and neuronal activity. Here we propose using the ferroelectric logic unit comprising multiple nanodots disposed between two electrodes and coated by the dielectric material. We devise the integration of the ferroelectric logic unit, providing topologically configurable non-binary logic into a gate stack of the field-effect transistor as an analog-like device with resistive states. By controlling the charge of the gate, we demonstrate the various routes of the topological switchings between different polarization configurations in ferroelectric nanodots. Switching routes between different logic levels are characterized by hysteresis loops with multiple branches realizing specific interconnectivity regimes. The switching between different types of hysteresis loops is achieved by the variation of external fields and temperature. The devised ferroelectric multilevel devices provide a pathway toward the novel topologically-controlled implementation of discrete synaptic states in neuromorphic computing.
A fixed point decomposition of twisted equivariant K-theory
Authors: Dove Tom , Schick Thomas , Velásquez Mario
Published: April 2023

We present a decomposition of rational twisted

G
G

-equivariant K-theory,

G
G

a finite group, into cyclic group equivariant K-theory groups of fixed point spaces. This generalises the untwisted decomposition by Atiyah and Segal [J. Geom. Phys. 6 (1989), pp. 671–677] as well as the decomposition by Adem and Ruan [Comm. Math. Phys. 237 (2003), pp. 533–556] for twists coming from group cocycles.
Stability of line bundle mean curvature flow
Authors: Han Xiaoli , Jin Xishen
Published: April 2023

Let

(
X
,
ω
)

(X,\omega )

be a compact Kähler manifold of complex dimension

n
n

and

(
L
,
h
)

(L,h)

be a holomorphic line bundle over

X
X

. The line bundle mean curvature flow was introduced by Jacob-Yau in order to find deformed Hermitian-Yang-Mills metrics on

L
L

. In this paper, we consider the stability of the line bundle mean curvature flow. Suppose there exists a deformed Hermitian Yang-Mills metric

h
^

\hat h

on

L
L

. We prove that the line bundle mean curvature flow converges to

h
^

\hat h

exponentially in

C
∞

C^\infty

sense as long as the initial metric is close to

h
^

\hat h

in

C
2

C^2

-norm.
Long COVID Incidence in a Large US Ambulatory Electronic Health Record System
Authors: Sedgley Robert , Winer-Jones Jessamine , Bonafede Machaon
Published: April 2023

Estimates of the prevalence of long-term symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), referred to as long COVID, vary widely. This retrospective cohort study describes the incidence of long COVID symptoms 12–20 weeks postdiagnosis in a US ambulatory care setting and identifies potential risk factors. We identified patients with and without a diagnosis of or positive test for COVID-19 between January 1, 2020, and March 13, 2022, in the Veradigm (Veradigm LLC, Chicago, Illinois) electronic health record database. We captured data on patient demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics, and COVID-19 comorbidity in the 12-month baseline period. We compared long COVID symptoms between matched cases and controls 12–20 weeks after the index date (COVID-19 diagnosis date (cases) or median visit date (controls)). Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine associations between baseline COVID-19 comorbid conditions and long COVID symptoms. Among 916,894 patients with COVID-19, 14.8% had at least 1 long COVID symptom in the 12–20 weeks postindex as compared with 2.9% of patients without documented COVID-19. Commonly reported symptoms were joint stiffness (4.5%), cough (3.0%), and fatigue (2.7%). Among patients with COVID-19, the adjusted odds of long COVID symptoms were significantly higher among patients with a baseline COVID-19 comorbid condition (odds ratio = 1.91, 95% confidence interval: 1.88, 1.95). In particular, prior diagnosis of cognitive disorder, transient ischemic attack, hypertension, or obesity was associated with higher odds of long COVID symptoms.