bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of pedotransfer functions for soil hydraulic properties in the critical zone on the Loess Plateau, China
Authors: Qiao Jiangbo , Zhu Yuanjun , Jia Xiaoxu , Huang Laiming , Shao Ming'an
Published: June 2018

Soil hydraulic properties (SHPs) including the soil water retention curve and saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) are crucial input data for simulations of soil water and solute transport in the Earth's critical zone. However, obtaining direct measurements of SHPs at a wide range of scales is time consuming and expensive. Pedotransfer functions (PTFs) are employed as an alternative method for indirectly estimating these parameters based on readily measured soil properties. However, PTFs for SHPs for the deep soil layer in the Earth's critical zone are lacking. In this study, we developed new PTFs in the deep soil profile for Ks and soil water retention curve on the Loess Plateau, China, which were fitted with the van Genuchten equation. In total, 206 data sets comprising the hydraulic and basic soil properties were obtained from three typical sites. Samples were collected from the top of the soil profile to the bedrock by soil core drilling. PTFs were developed between the SHPs and basic soil properties using stepwise multiple linear regression. The PTFs obtained the best predictions for Ks (Radj2 = 0.561) and the worst for van Genuchten α (Radj2 = 0.474). The bulk density and sand content were important input variables for predicting Ks, α, and θs, and bulk density, clay content, and soil organic carbon were important for n. The PTFs developed in this study performed better than existing PTFs. This study contains the first set of PTFs of SHPs to be developed for the deep profile on the Loess Plateau, and they may be applicable to other regions.
Cloud vs edge: Who serves the Internet‐of‐Things better?
Authors: Maamar Zakaria , Baker Thar , Sellami Mohamed , Asim Muhammad , Ugljanin Emir , Faci Noura
Published: June 2018

Usually announced to the ICT community as rivals in the Internet‐of‐Things (IoT) context, cloud and edge could work together according to their respective capabilities. Today's IoT applications can be dependent neither on a single technology (either SQL or noSQL) nor on a single operation model (either centralized or decentralized). The multiple challenges are complexity of user scenarios, multiplicity of things, sensitivity of data, etc. This paper raises the question of who serves IoT better? Cloud, only; edge, only; or both together. To answer this question, clouds' and edges' duties are identified and then a set of collaborative scenarios are discussed with respect to these duties.
Antimicrobial activity of amixicile against Treponema denticola and other oral spirochetes associated with periodontal disease
Authors: Reed Lucas A. , O'Bier Nathaniel S. , Oliver Lee D. , Hoffman Paul S. , Marconi Richard T.
Published: June 2018

Background

Periodontal disease is a polymicrobial infection characterized by inflammation of the gingiva, alveolar bone resorption and tooth loss. As periodontal disease progresses, oral treponemes (spirochetes) become dominant bacteria in periodontal pockets. Oral treponemes are anaerobes and all encode the enzyme pyruvate‐ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) which catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl‐CoA. Here we assess the susceptibility of oral treponemes to amixicile (AMIX), a novel inhibitor of PFOR.

Methods

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of AMIX against several oral treponeme species was determined. The impact of AMIX on processes relevant to virulence including motility, H2S production, and complement evasion were determined.

Results

The growth of all oral treponeme species tested was inhibited by AMIX with MIC concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.5–1.5 μg/mL. AMIX significantly reduced motility, caused a dose‐dependent decrease in hydrogen sulfide production and increased sensitivity to killing by human complement (i.e., serum sensitivity).

Conclusions

AMIX is effective in vitro in inhibiting growth and other processes central to virulence. AMIX could serve could serve as a new selective therapeutic tool for the treatment of periodontal disease.
A silver self‐assembled monolayer‐decorated polydimethylsiloxane flexible substrate for in situ SERS detection of low‐abundance molecules
Authors: Zhao Hang , Hasi Wuliji , Bao Lin , Liu Yuping , Han Siqingaowa , Lin Dianyang
Published: June 2018

The preparation of highly sensitive and low cost substrate remains challenging in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, a simple silver nanoparticle‐modified thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet was prepared as a SERS substrate via silicon‐assisted interfacial self‐assembly transfer and Langmuir–Schaefer deposition technique. The influence of the surface coverage on PDMS was investigated and optimized to achieve the maximal signal enhancement. Through the test of rhodamine 6G and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid probe, the substrate showed good uniformity of nanoparticles, high‐enhanced factor, homogeneity of batch, time stability, and other properties. We, then, measured thiram and tricyclazole pesticides on the surface of apples, and the results demonstrate that SERS substrates can measure pesticide residues in situ.
Determination of inorganic cations in biological fluids using a hybrid capillary electrophoresis device coupled with contactless conductivity detection
Authors: Lobo‐Júnior Eulício Oliveira , L. S. Chagas Cyro , Coltro Wendell K. T.
Published: June 2018

We describe the assembly of a hybrid electrophoresis device that contains fused silica capillaries interconnected to a microfabricated interface in a cross format for the determination of inorganic cations in biological samples. The sample transport in the proposed hybrid device was performed under gated injection mode and the separations were monitored with a capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detector. The capillary extremities were inserted into polypropylene tubes to create solution reservoirs. Sensing electrodes were produced using stainless‐steel hypodermic needles previously cut with 2.0 mm length. The running composition and injection time were optimized and the best results were found using 50 mmol/L lactic acid, 20 mmol/L histidine and 3 mmol/L 18‐crown‐6 ether, and an electrokinetic injection time of 15 s. The separation of six inorganic cations was achieved with baseline resolution, and efficiencies were between 9.1 × 103 and 5.4 × 104 plates/m. The proposed hybrid device was explored for determining the concentration levels of inorganic cations in urine, saliva, and tear samples, employing Li+ as an internal standard. The achieved results were in good agreement with the data reported in the literature. The reliability of the proposed method ranged from 93 to 98%, thus suggesting satisfactory accuracy for bioanalytical applications.
Investigation of potential toxic components based on the identification of Genkwa Flos chemical constituents and their metabolites by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q Exactive high‐resolution benchtop quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometer
Authors: Wang Zhipeng , Chu Yanjie , Zhang Yuanyuan , Chen Yu , Zhang Jingjing , Chen Xiaohui
Published: June 2018

Genkwa Flos, a famous traditional Chinese medicine has been reported to have significant hepatotoxicity. A high‐throughput and reliable method was established to explore potential toxic components by high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled with a Q Exactive high‐performance benchtop quadrupole‐Orbitrap mass spectrometer. A total of 68 compounds including 22 chemical components and 46 metabolites were tentatively identified based on the accurately measured mass value, retention time, and fragmentation pattern. Besides, the metabolic pathways of main components in Genkwa Flos were also illustrated. The results indicated that hydroxylation, demethylation, methylation, glucuronidation, sulfation, cysteine conjugation, and glutathione conjugation participated in the metabolic reactions of Genkwa Flos. Moreover, 12 Genkwa Flos chemical components and 26 metabolites were detected in cell lysate, which were considered as the bound components to HL‐7702 cells. In view of cell affinity theory, these compounds were preliminarily deduced to be potential toxic ingredients for the hepatotoxicity induced by Genkwa Flos. The results demonstrated that the developed method was a very feasible and efficient approach for the components identification even in the complex matrix. In conclusion, this study will provide a deep insight into the toxic substances of Genkwa Flos and lay a chemical basis for in‐depth toxic studies on Genkwa Flos hepatotoxicity.
Trajectories of Psychological Distress in Australians Living in Urban Poverty: The Impact of Interpersonal Trauma
Authors: Keane Carol A. , Magee Christopher A. , Kelly Peter J.
Published: June 2018

Childhood maltreatment and interpersonal trauma experience is an important factor underpinning the apparent perpetuation of the cycle of social disadvantage experienced by homeless adults. This paper aimed to examine longitudinal patterns of psychological distress in a sample of 1,504 socially disadvantaged adult participants from the Journeys Home Study in Australia. The current paper utilized the “conservation of resources” theory and the concept of “risk factor caravans” to investigate the nature and implications of childhood trauma in the context of homelessness. Growth mixture modeling revealed four distinct trajectories of psychological distress as measured by the Kessler 6 across six time points (covering a period of 2.5 years): chronic, escalating, attenuating, and resistant. Our results also indicated that experiences of different types of trauma during childhood were associated with these psychological distress trajectories. In particular, adults experiencing chronic psychological distress were significantly more likely than those exhibiting distress resistance to have experienced multiple and varied childhood maltreatment, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 3.30, 95% CI [0.37, 6.05], p = .002. Furthermore, adult experiences of assault were found to be associated with psychological distress. These findings have important implications for mental health, as well as interventions aimed at breaking the cycle of urban poverty. Specific focus on interpersonal trauma vulnerabilities is important. Prioritizing socioecological stability, with mental health needs assessed on an individual level, may be most appropriate. This work also highlights the need to direct future attention to barriers to access and facilitation of social support services.
Improved phase‐attenuation duality method with space‐frequency joint domain iterative regularization
Authors: Zhou Zhongxing , Zhang Lin , Guo Baikuan , Ma Wenjuan , Zhang Limin , Li Jiao , Zhao Huijuan , Jiang Jingying , Gao Feng
Published: June 2018

Purpose

A common problem of in‐line phase contrast imaging systems based on laboratory source and detector is the negative effects of finite source size, limited spatial resolution, and system noise. These negative effects swamp the fine phase contrast fringes and impede the precise retrieval of phase maps. This study aims to develop a novel phase retrieval method to restore phase information that is lost due to an imperfect system.

Methods

An improved phase‐attenuation duality (PAD) method based on space‐frequency joint domain iterative regularization (JDIR) is proposed to overcome the problems of the analytical PAD method and the spatial‐domain iterative regularization (SDIR) based PAD method. These problems include noise robustness and optical transfer function compensation. The proposed method was compared with the two former PAD methods through computer simulations and experiments for validation.

Results

Results reveal that JDIR method outperforms the other two methods in terms of improving the visibility of structures in the retrieved phase maps. Among all the phase retrieval algorithms, the TV‐norm‐based JDIR method performed the best in considering the contrast and noise performance.

Conclusions

This paper provides a new method to investigate quantitative phase‐contrast imaging when considering the negative effects of an imperfect system.
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia has a better prognosis when associated with a hernia sac
Authors: Bouchghoul Hanane , Marty Oriane , Fouquet Virginie , Cordier Anne‐Gaël , Senat Marie‐Victoire , Saada Julien , Mokhtari Mostafa , Le Sache Nolwenn , Martinovic Jelena , Benachi Alexandra
Published: June 2018

Objective

To evaluate neonatal mortality and morbidity up to 6 months in neonates with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with or without a hernia sac.

Methods

Seventy‐two cases of isolated CDH were included in a retrospective single‐center study between January 2010 and December 2016. Hernia sac was defined at the time of surgery or at postmortem examination if the neonate died before surgery.

Results

Seventeen newborns (23.6%) had a hernia sac. Survival at 6 months was significantly greater for isolated CDH with a hernia sac: 100% versus 63.6% (P = .003). High‐frequency oscillatory ventilation was used significantly more in the no hernia sac group (P = .04). At surgery, the need for patch repair was significantly lower in the hernia sac group: 12% versus 50% (P = .005). The prenatal observed/expected lung‐to‐head ratio was significantly higher in the hernia sac group than in the no hernia sac group: 49.7% versus 38.6% (P < .05).

Conclusion

The presence of a hernia sac in CDH is associated with better outcome, especially survival at 6 months. If the presence of a hernia sac is recognized as a particular entity, which carries a good prognosis, it is necessary to be able to diagnose it prenatally, especially in the era of prenatal fetal surgery.
Effects of existential interventions on spiritual, psychological, and physical well‐being in adult patients with cancer: Systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Bauereiß Natalie , Obermaier Stefanie , Özünal Selçuk Erol , Baumeister Harald
Published: June 2018

Objectives

To synthesize the evidence of existential interventions in adult patients with cancer.

Methods

Embase, MEDLINE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, PsycINFO, PSYNDEX, and the WHO ICTRP were searched up until 26 January 2018. Eligibility criteria for studies were (1) adult patients with cancer, (2) evaluation of existential interventions, (3) compared with active/non‐active control, (4) assessing relevant spiritual, psychological, or physical outcomes, and (5) conducted as randomized controlled trials. Standardized mean differences (Hedges' g) were calculated, and meta‐analyses were conducted using random effects models. Effects were aggregated within four time horizons (post‐treatment; ≤3 months; ≤6 months; >6 months). Heterogeneity was assessed by forest plots and I2. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. This review has been registered with Prospero (CRD42016042895).

Results

A total of 3461 records were identified, of which 30 unique studies (3511 participants) were included in the review and 24 studies were included in meta‐analyses. Existential interventions showed significant effects on existential well‐being (g = 0.52; CI[0.13; 0.91; k = 10; I2 = 85%) and quality of life (g = 0.21; CI[0.01; 0.42]; k = 17; I2 = 75%) at post‐treatment, on hope at post‐treatment (g = 0.43; CI[0.12; 0.74]; k = 12; I2 = 86%) and after 6 months (g = 0.25; CI[0.02; 0.48]; k = 3; I2 = 0%) and on self‐efficacy at post‐treatment (g = 0.50; CI[0.09; 0.90]; k = 2; I2 = 0%). No significant effects were found on the remaining outcomes and time points. Significant moderator effects were found for professional background of therapists, intervention concept, number of sessions, and setting.

Conclusions

This systematic review and meta‐analysis provides evidence that adult patients with cancer across all stages and types benefit from existential interventions. Future research should strive towards a higher standardization in particular with respect to outcome assessments.
The Effect of Lattice Damage and Annealing Conditions on the Hyperfine Structure of Ion Implanted Bismuth Donors in Silicon
Authors: Peach Tom , Homewood Kevin , Lourenco Manon , Hughes Mark , Saeedi Kaymar , Stavrias Nik , Li Juerong , Chick Steven , Murdin Ben , Clowes Steven
Published: June 2018

This study reports on high energy bismuth ion implantation into silicon with a particular emphasis on the effect that annealing conditions have on the observed hyperfine structure of the Si:Bi donor state. A suppression of donor bound exciton, D0X, photoluminescence is observed in implanted samples which have been annealed at 700 °C relating to the presence of a dense layer of lattice defects that is formed during the implantation process. Hall measurments at 10 K show that this implant damage manifests itself at low temperatures as an abundance of p‐type charge carriers, the density of which is observed to have a strong dependence on annealing temperature. Using resonant D0X photoconductivity, we are able to identify the presence of a hyperfine structure in samples annealed at a minimum temperature of 800 °C; however, higher temperatures are required to eliminate effects of implantation strain.
Entangled decisions: Knowledge interdependencies and terminations of patented inventions in the pharmaceutical industry
Authors: Khanna Rajat , Guler Isin , Nerkar Atul
Published: June 2018

Research Summary: This study explores the role of knowledge interdependencies on the termination of patented inventions. Termination refers to the abandonment of inventive efforts that are no longer deemed promising. We argue that high interdependencies between an inventive effort and the other inventions in the same research program will increase the cognitive burden on managers and decrease the likelihood of termination. Further, in the presence of interdependencies, managers are likely to rely on heuristics for termination decisions. We focus on two such heuristics: interdependencies of an invention with those in other research programs and the level of external competition in the research program. We test our hypotheses with longitudinal data on patent terminations through non‐payment of renewal fees in the pharmaceutical industry.

Managerial Summary: Effective management of innovation portfolios requires termination of opportunities that are no longer promising. Most current tools on termination assume that opportunities to be evaluated are independent from one another. This assumption may limit their usefulness in increasingly complex research domains, such as pharmaceutical R&D. In this study, we investigate how interdependencies among inventions influence firms' tendency to terminate those inventions. Our results on patent terminations show that a patent that is more interdependent with other patents in the same research program is less likely to be terminated. This suggests that managers may have difficulty in evaluating the inherent value of interdependent opportunities. This result is stronger when the patent is less interdependent with those in other research programs or in a more competitive area.
Toward a Universally Compatible Non‐Fullerene Acceptor: Multi‐Gram Synthesis, Solvent Vapor Annealing Optimization, and BDT‐Based Polymer Screening
Authors: McAfee Seth M. , Payne Abby‐Jo , Hendsbee Arthur D. , Xu Shutao , Zou Yingping , Welch Gregory C.
Published: June 2018

To highlight the benefits of the organic dye PDI‐DPP‐PDI for use in fullerene‐free organic solar cells, herein is demonstrated how this material can meet scalability demands through a multigram scale direct heteroarylation coupling reaction, and performance demands through a post‐deposition solvent vapor annealing treatment. A solvent vapor annealing method has been utilized to screen a comprehensive selection of ethereal, aromatic, and chlorinated solvents. Upon transitioning to these eight alternative solvents, significant performance increase over the chloroform standard is noted for all solvents, with tetrahydrofuran and o‐dichlorobenzene leading to the highest performance devices post‐treatment. This trend, including an open‐circuit voltage greater than 1 V proved to be consistent with four different BDT‐based donor polymers, PTB7‐Th, PBDB‐T, J61, and TTFQx‐T1. The highest performing devices are achieved with PTB7‐Th and TTFQx‐T1, with PCEs reaching 6.2 and 5.7%, respectively, when tetrahydrofuran solvent vapor annealing is combined with interfacial modification of the ZnO electron‐transport layer.
An empirical study of software change classification with imbalance data‐handling methods
Authors: Zhu Xiaoyan , Niu Binbin , Whitehead E. James , Sun Zhongbin
Published: June 2018

Bug prediction in software code changes can help developers to find out and fix bugs immediately when they are introduced, thus to improve the effectiveness and validity of bug fixing. In data mining, this problem can be regarded as a change classification task. However, one of its key characteristics, ie, class‐imbalance, holds back the performance of standard classification methods. In this paper, we consider a quantity of imbalance data‐handling methods and extract a more comprehensive groups of change features, aiming to achieve better change classification performance. Two different types of imbalance data‐handling methods, namely, resampling and ensemble learning methods, are employed. Especially, we explore the performance of their combination. To compare the performance of different imbalance data‐handling methods, an experiment with 10 open source projects is conducted. Four classification methods, including J48, Naïve Bayes, SMO, and Random Forest, are used as standard classifiers and as the base classifiers, respectively. Moreover, contribution of different groups of change features are evaluated. Experimental results show that imbalance data‐handling methods can improve the performance of change classification and the combination methods, which take advantage of both ensemble learning and resampling, perform better than using ensemble learning methods or resampling methods individually. Of the studied imbalance data‐handling methods, the combination of Bagging and random undersampling with J48 as the base classifier yields out better prediction results than those achieved by other methods. Additionally, of the collected change features, text vector features accounts for a larger proportion than others.
Bayesian latent modeling of spatio‐temporal variation in small‐area health data
Authors: Lawson Andrew B.
Published: June 2018

The analysis of small‐area health data is often a focus of epidemiological research. While it is possible to provide smoothed risk estimates for disease maps, it is often important to consider underlying structure in the risk outcome that is suggested by understanding of the etiology of disease processes. To address this more complex problem, it can be important to consider latent structure in the disease risk. Latent structure can take a variety of forms, from basic random effects to more complex latent variables models. In this paper I will review outline the basic approaches to the problem of latent structure for spatio‐temporal health outcome data and the solutions that Bayesian modeling can offer.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Computational Climate Change and Numerical Weather Forecasting

Statistical Learning and Exploratory Methods of the Data Sciences > Modeling Methods

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Bayesian Methods and Theory

Statistical and Graphical Methods of Data Analysis > Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC)
Doublet mechanical analysis of bending of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko nanobeams
Authors: Ebrahimian M.R. , Imam A. , Najafi M.
Published: June 2018

By taking the effect of the scale parameter explicitly into account, bending behavior of Euler‐Bernoulli and Timoshenko nanobeams is studied using doublet mechanics. In addition, the effect of chirality on the softening or hardening behavior of an Euler‐Bernoulli nanobeam in bending is studied by taking the effect of the chiral angle explicitly into account. For the bending of the Timoshenko nanobeam the effect of the scale parameter and chirality on the axial and shear stresses is studied and the results are compared with the gradient and Eringen‐like models. It is shown that as the chiral angle increases, a simply supported Timoshenko nanobeam under a uniform loading changes from a softening to a hardening nanobeam indicating that chirality has a pronounced effect on the bending response of the nanobeams.
Who are the Traffickers? A Cultural Criminological Analysis of Traffickers as Represented in the Al Jazeera Documentary Series Modern Slavery: A Twenty-first Century Evil
Authors: Dearey Melissa
Published: June 2018

The aim of this chapter is to analyse and interrogate the identities of ‘traffickers’ as represented within a series of television documentaries on modern slavery. The chapter data set is a series of seven 25-minute documentaries entitled Modern Slavery: A Twenty-first Century Evil (2011) produced by Al Jazeera. Sections on trafficker identities and the usage of the term ‘trafficker’ within the different typologies represented in the documentary series are shown, that is, bridal, charcoal, prison, sex, food, child, bonded slavery/trafficking. These are represented within a complex geocultural televisual gaze (Al Jazeera English) upon the global north/west as ultimately the source of the slavery problem.
Yang-Baxter deformations beyond coset spaces (a slick way to do TsT)
Authors: Bakhmatov I. , Colgáin E. Ó , Sheikh-Jabbari M. M. , Yavartanoo H.
Published: June 2018

Abstract

Yang-Baxter string sigma-models provide a systematic way to deform coset geometries, such as AdS

p
× S

p
, while retaining the σ-model integrability. It has been shown that the Yang-Baxter deformation in target space is simply an open-closed string map that can be defined for any geometry, not just coset spaces. Given a geometry with an isometry group and a bivector that is assumed to be a linear combination of antisymmetric products of Killing vectors, we show the equations of motion of (generalized) supergravity reduce to the Classical Yang-Baxter Equation associated with the isometry group, proving the statement made in [1]. These results bring us closer to the proof of the “YB solution generating technique” for (generalized) supergravity advertised in [1] and in particular provide an economical way to perform TsT transformations.
A matrix CFT at multiple large charges
Authors: Loukas Orestis
Published: June 2018

Abstract

We investigate matrix models in three dimensions where the global SU(N ) symmetry acts via the adjoint map. Analyzing their ground state which is homogeneous in space and can carry either a unique or multiple fixed charges, we show the existence of at least two distinct fixed points of the renormalization group (rg) flow. In particular, the one type of those fixed points manifests itself via tractable deviations in the large-charge expansion from the known predictions in the literature. We demonstrate most of the novel features using mainly the example of the SU(4) matrix theory to compute the anomalous dimension of the lowest scalar operator with large global charge(s).
Operative Stabilization of Chest Wall Trauma: Single‐Center Report of Initial Management and Long‐Term Outcome
Authors: Michelitsch Christian , Acklin Yves Pascal , Hässig Gabriela , Sommer Christoph , Furrer Markus
Published: June 2018

Background

Conservative treatment of even severe thoracic trauma including flail chest was traditionally the standard of care. Recently, we reported possible benefits of surgical chest wall stabilization in accordance with other groups. The aim of this study was to critically review our indications and results of internal fixation of rib fractures in the long‐term course.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the data of a consecutive series of patients with internal rib fracture fixation at our institution from 8/2009 until 12/2014, and we retrospectively studied the late outcome through clinical examination or personal interview.

Results

From 1398 patients, 235 sustained a severe thoracic trauma (AIS ≥3). In 23 of these patients, 88 internal rib fixations were performed using the MatrixRIB® system. The median age of these operated patients was 56 years [interquartile range (IQR) 49–63] with a median ISS of 21 [IQR 16–29]. From 18 local resident patients, follow‐up was obtained after an average time period of 27.6 (12–68) months. Most of these patients were free of pain and had no limitations in their daily routine. Out of all implants, 5 splint tips perforated the ribs in the postoperative course, but all patients remained clinically asymptomatic. Plate osteosynthesis showed no loss of reduction in the postoperative course. No cases of hardware prominence, wound infection or non‐union occurred.

Conclusions

In our carefully selected thoracic trauma patients, locked plate rib fixation seemed to be safe and beneficial not only in the early posttraumatic course, but also after months and years, patients remain asymptomatic and complete recovery as a rule.

Trial registration number KEK BASEC Nr. 2016‐01679.
Development of Single-Crystal Ni-Base Superalloys Based on Multi-criteria Numerical Optimization and Efficient Use of Refractory Elements
Authors: Markl M. , Müller A. , Ritter N. , Hofmeister M. , Naujoks D. , Schaar H. , Abrahams K. , Frenzel J. , Subramanyam A. P. A. , Ludwig A. , Pfetzing-Micklich J. , Hammerschmidt T. , Drautz R. , Steinbach I. , Rettig R. , Singer R. F. , Körner C.
Published: June 2018

The development of new Ni-base superalloys with a complex composition consisting of eight or more alloying elements is a challenging task. The experimental state-of-the-art development cycle is based on the adaption of already existing compositions. Although new alloy compositions with potentially improved material properties are expected to be similar to already known superalloys, this procedure impedes efficiently finding these compositions in the large multi-dimensional design-space of all alloying elements. Modern alloy development combines numerical optimization methods with experimental validation to guide the development towards promising compositions. In this work, an improved numerical multi-criteria optimization tool using CALPHAD calculations and semi-empirical models for alloy development is presented. The model improvements to its predecessor are described and the successful application for the development of rhenium-free single-crystal Ni-base superalloys ERBO/13 and ERBO/15 is revisited. The optimization tool is described and the designed alloys are discussed regarding phase stability. Finally, a possible phase stability model extending the optimization tool and improving the alloy composition predictions is presented.
p47phox-Dependent Reactive Oxygen Species Stimulate Nuclear Translocation of the FoxO1 Transcription Factor During Metabolic Inhibition in Cardiomyoblasts
Authors: ter Horst Ellis N. , Hahn Nynke E. , Geerts Dirk , Musters René J. P. , Paulus Walter J. , van Rossum Albert C. , Meischl Christof , Piek Jan J. , Niessen Hans W. M. , Krijnen Paul A. J.
Published: June 2018

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) control forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factor activity by influencing their nuclear translocation. However, knowledge of the ROS cellular source(s) involved herein remains scarce. Recently, we have shown p47phox-dependent activation of ROS-producing NADPH oxidase (NOX) at the nuclear pore in H9c2 rat cardiomyoblasts in response to ischemia. This localizes NOX perfectly to affect protein nuclear translocation, including that of transcription factors. In the current study, involvement of p47phox-dependent production of ROS in the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 was analyzed in H9c2 cells following 4 h of metabolic inhibition (MI), which mimics the effects of ischemia. Nuclear translocation of FOXO1 was determined by quantitative digital-imaging fluorescence and western blot analysis. Subsequently, the effect of inhibiting p47phox-dependent ROS production by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) transfection on FOXO1 translocation was analyzed by digital-imaging microscopy. MI induced a significant translocation of FOXO1 into the nucleus. Transfection with p47phox-shRNA successfully knocked-down p47phox expression, reduced nuclear nitrotyrosine production, an indirect marker for ROS production, and inhibited the nuclear translocation of FOXO1 following MI. With these results, we show for the first time that nuclear import of FOXO1 induced by MI in H9c2 depends critically on p47phox-mediated ROS production.
Editorial
Authors: Barrett Steve
Published: June 2018

Green hydrogen is becoming an increasingly important aspect of the hydrogen sector, and is also particularly significant in making the case for clean energy technologies such as fuel cells that can use sustainably produced, zero- or low-carbon hydrogen.
Identification of the Incapacitated Patient in Mass Casualty Events: An Exploration of Challenges, Solutions, and Barriers
Authors: Osborn Danielle , Easthope Lucy
Published: June 2018

Increasing scrutiny of the role and actions of emergency responders in the aftermath of mass casualty events has led to improvements and advances in terms of treatment and care. However, despite these improvements, the authors have identified a growing concern relating to the identification of incapacitated patients and those unable to provide any identifying details, such as pediatric patients. The use of visual identification and the reliance on personal effects within the vicinity of a victim, either living or deceased, has resulted in mistaken identification in a number of major international incidents. The purpose of this article is to consider whether commonly used scientific methods for identification of the deceased could and should be broadened to include victims who are incapacitated and unable to confirm their own identity. The medicolegal questions that may arise when applying identification methods established for deceased patients to the living casualty will also be examined. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:338–344)
Deconvolution–convolution treatment on powder diffraction data collected with CuKα X-ray and NiKβ filter
Authors: Ida Takashi , Ono Shoki , Hattan Daiki , Yoshida Takehiro , Takatsu Yoshinobu , Nomura Katsuhiro
Published: June 2018

A method to remove small CuKβ peaks and step structures caused by NiK-edge absorption as well as CuKα2 sub-peaks from powder diffraction intensity data measured with Cu-target X-ray source and Ni-foil filter is proposed. The method is based on deconvolution–convolution treatment applying scale transform of abscissa, Fourier transform, and a realistic spectroscopic model for the source X-ray. The validity of the method has been tested by analysis of the powder diffraction data of a standard LaB6 powder (NIST SRM660a) sample, collected with the combination of CuKα X-ray source, Ni-foil Kβ filter, flat powder specimen and one-dimensional Si strip detector. The diffraction intensity data treated with the method have certainly shown background intensity profile without CuKβ peaks and NiK-edge step structures.
Removal of small parasite peaks in powder diffraction data by a multiple deconvolution method
Authors: Ida Takashi , Ono Shoki , Hattan Daiki , Yoshida Takehiro , Takatsu Yoshinobu , Nomura Katsuhiro
Published: June 2018

Four series of small parasite peaks observed in powder diffraction data recorded with a Cu-target X-ray tube and a Ni filter on the diffracted beam side in Bragg–Brentano geometry are investigated. One series of the parasite peaks is assigned to the tungsten Lα-emission. Other three types of the parasite peak series are likely to be caused by the K-emissions of Ni, but the peak locations are deviated from those predicted by the Bragg's law. An empirical formula to locate the parasite peaks and a method to remove them from observed powder diffraction data are proposed. The method is based on the whole-pattern deconvolution–convolution treatment on the transformed scale of abscissa. The parameters optimized for the diffraction data measured for Si powder has been applied on treatment of the data of LaB6 powder recorded under the same experimental conditions. It has been confirmed that the parasite peaks in the observed data can effectively be removed by the deconvolution treatment with parameters determined by a reference measurement.
Functional Brain Alterations Associated With Cognitive Control in Blast-Related Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Sullivan Danielle R. , Hayes Jasmeet P. , Lafleche Ginette , Salat David H. , Verfaellie Mieke
Published: June 2018

Objectives: Research on the cognitive sequelae of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) suggests that, despite generally rapid recovery, difficulties may persist in the domain of cognitive control. The goal of this study was to examine whether individuals with chronic blast-related mTBI show behavioral or neural alterations associated with cognitive control. Methods: We collected event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data during a flanker task in 17 individuals with blast-related mTBI and 16 individuals with blast-exposure without TBI (control). Results: Groups did not significantly differ in behavioral measures of cognitive control. Relative to the control group, the mTBI group showed greater deactivation of regions associated with the default mode network during the processing of errors. Additionally, error processing in the mTBI group was associated with enhanced negative coupling between the default mode network and the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex as well as the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, regions of the salience and central executive networks that are associated with cognitive control. Conclusions: These results suggest that deactivation of default mode network regions and associated enhancements of connectivity with cognitive control regions may act as a compensatory mechanism for successful cognitive control task performance in mTBI. (JINS, 2018, 24, 1–11)
Making Content Available to Law Students Through a Virtual Learning Environment: Fountains of Knowledge or a Drop in the Ocean?
Authors: Edwards-Waller Lizz
Published: June 2018

Virtual learning environments (VLEs) are successfully used by many institutions to provide content which supports and enhances taught courses. In this article, Lizz Edwards-Waller explores the role of the library in uploading articles, case notes and book excerpts to a VLE for law students, and discusses the need for librarians to collaborate with course leaders and administrators. The article also considers the decision-making process involved in determining which resources to make available and highlights some key copyright issues to be aware of.
The Law Collections at the Library of Trinity College Dublin
Authors: McDonald Terry
Published: June 2018

In this article Terry McDonald provides an introduction to the Library of Trinity College Dublin (TCD) with particular emphasis on the legal resources available to students and visiting readers. She outlines the history and the current nature of the library and the University's School of Law before turn attention to the law collections, the legal deposit status, the role of library and its law subject specialists, particularly in the context of supporting the teaching objectives of the Law School.
Early assessment of drought tolerance in oil palm D × P progenies using growth and physiological characters in seedling stage
Authors: Duangpan Saowapa , Buapet Pimchanok , Sujitto Satanan , Eksomtramage Theera
Published: June 2018

Drought is a major constraint to oil palm plantation in many regions relying on rainfall. One strategy to overcome this problem is to develop drought-tolerant cultivars through screening and selection. Drought tolerance assessment based on growth and physiological traits provides an alternative approach for rapid screening especially in tree crops. The aims of this study were to determine the contribution of some growth and physiological parameters to drought response variation in oil palm seedling and to use those parameters to evaluate relative drought stress tolerance in tenera oil palm progenies. Eight D × P progenies were grown under well-watered, moderate and severe stressed conditions for a total of 6 months. Data on growth traits, maximum quantum yield (Fv/Fm), SPAD value and proline content were recorded. Principal component analysis (PCA) on studied traits revealed that PC1 and PC2 explained 74.57 and 76.80% of total variance in moderate and severe drought treatments, respectively. Major contributions towards the variation of control and drought-treated plants were identified and appeared to be growth traits in moderate drought stress and growth trait plus proline content in severe drought stress. According to drought tolerance index, PCA analysis and ranking method using integrated PCA values, PSU-106 and PSU-206 were identified to be relatively high tolerant to severe drought stress, while PSU-106, PSU-128, PSU-206 and PSU-208 were tolerant to moderate drought stress. Field validation of D × P progenies selected as drought tolerance is recommended to establish this indirect selection approach in oil palm breeding programme.
The Impact of Landscape Characteristics on Groundwater Dissolved Organic Nitrogen: Insights From Machine Learning Methods and Sensitivity Analysis
Authors: Wang B. , Hipsey M. R. , Ahmed S. , Oldham C.
Published: June 2018

The effect of groundwater nutrient inputs on river and estuary water quality and the potential impacts of urbanization on groundwater are central concerns in many coastal areas. It has been previously identified that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) can be the dominant form of total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in some aquifers. However, there is a paucity of evidence about the sources and flow paths of DON, relative to inorganic nitrogen in groundwater. DON and dissolved organic carbon/DON were first compared against different landscape variables in this study, and no significant relationships were found. However, the relationships became statistically significant when shallow samples (sampling depth < 10 m) were separated from deep samples. A random forest model and sensitivity analysis were then applied to further our understanding of the ecohydrological drivers and seasonal patterns that shape DON variability. The random forest algorithm was built to classify 171 groundwater wellbores into three classes (low: <0.5 mg/L; medium: 0.5–2.5 mg/L; and high: >2.5 mg/L) which achieved 72% classification accuracy using landscape characteristics, hydrological conditions, and temporal information. The results indicated that the effects of landscapes on sandy shallow groundwater DON were controlled both by certain landscape characteristics and depth to groundwater. A conceptual model of groundwater DON is therefore proposed where the balance of exposure and processing time scales from the surface to groundwater is the critical control on the preservation of landscape signatures; we expect that this conceptual model would be applicable for other sandy, shallow groundwater areas.
Long‐Term Trends of Anthropogenic SO2, NOx, CO, and NMVOCs Emissions in China
Authors: Sun W. , Shao M. , Granier C. , Liu Y. , Ye C. S. , Zheng J. Y.
Published: June 2018

Studies reporting the historical trends of SO2, NOx, CO, and nonmethane volatile organic compounds emissions in China using unified approaches and sources are limited. Here we established 66‐year emission trends of these four species in China. Six primary anthropogenic sources were included, and we made a series of improvements to the few existing inventories based on detailed statistical data, recently published emission factors, and technology renewal to reduce the uncertainties. National SO2, NOx, CO, and nonmethane volatile organic compounds emissions in 2015 were 27.1, 20.6, 188, and 28.4 Mt, with annual growth rates of 5.8%, 5.9%, 3.8%, and 4.6% since 1949, respectively. In recent years, fossil fuel combustion was the major contributor to SO2, NOx, and CO emissions, whereas industrial process contributed most to VOCs emissions. Our results revealed a 10% decrease in the SO2 emissions from 2005 to 2010 as a result of improvements in the flue gas desulfurization installation rate. NOx emissions stopped rising and started falling in 2011, with technology renewal and the penetration of end‐of‐pipe control measures in industrial boilers and cement production. Furthermore, we calculated future speciated VOCs emissions and ozone formation potential under alternative policy scenarios and projected to reduce emissions by 10% (compared with 2013 levels) with stringent control measures in 2020. A reactivity‐based control strategy was proposed to achieve greater ozone formation potential reductions while requiring less VOCs emissions reduction.
Exploring the Interplay Between Ocean Eddies and the Atmosphere
Authors: Robinson Walter , Speich Sabrina , Chassignet Eric
Published: June 2018

Ocean Mesoscale Eddy Interactions with the Atmosphere: A CLIVAR Workshop; Portland, Oregon, 17–18 February 2018
The Hsp70 inhibitor 2-phenylethynesulfonamide inhibits replication and carcinogenicity of Epstein–Barr virus by inhibiting the molecular chaperone function of Hsp70
Authors: Wang Huan , Bu Lang , Wang Chao , Zhang Yaqian , Zhou Heng , Zhang Xi , Guo Wei , Long Cong , Guo Deyin , Sun Xiaoping
Published: June 2018

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) can infect cells in latent and lytic period and cause serious disease. Epstein–Barr virus nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) is essential for the maintenance of the EBV DNA episome, replication and transcription. 2-phenylethynesulfonamide (PES) is a small molecular inhibitor of Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70), which can interact with Hsp70 and disrupts its association with co-chaperones and substrate proteins of Hsp70. In our study, we found that PES could decrease the expression of EBNA1, which is independent of effects on EBNA1 transcription or proteasomal degradation pathway. The central glycine–alanine repeats domain was not required for inhibition of EBNA1 expression by PES. Also, PES could reduce the amount of intracellular EBV genomic DNA. PES inhibited proliferation and migration but induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis of EBV positive cells. In addition, silencing of Hsp70 decreased expression of EBNA1 and the amounts of intracellular EBV genomic DNA, and PES increased this effect on a dose-dependent manner. On the contrast, over-expression of Hsp70 enhanced the expression of EBNA1 and the amounts of intracellular EBV genomic DNA, but PES inhibited this effect on a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, Hsp70 interacted with EBNA1 but PES interfered this interaction. Our results indicate that PES suppresses replication and carcinogenicity of Epstein–Barr virus via inhibiting the molecular chaperone function of Hsp70.