bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementación de tecnologías geoespaciales en la ciudad universitaria Rodrigo Facio de la Universidad de Costa Rica como insumos para el ordenamiento territorial del campus
Authors: Lizano Araya Melvin , Masís Campos Ramón
Published: July 2022

Se realiza un levantamiento de activos correspondientes al campus Rodrigo Facio de la Universidad de Costa Rica de varios elementos como: luminarias, pasos peatonales, señalización, alarmas, cámaras entre otros. Para esto se trabajó utilizando softwares y aplicaciones libres y de código abierto como QGIS y Qfield que permitió un ahorro económico para la casa de enseñanza en el desarrollo e implementación del proyecto. Adicionalmente se realiza el barrido de más de 90 ha, utilizando para ello sistemas de aeronaves pilotadas remotamente (RPAS) con el fin de generar la ortofotografía corregida geométricamente que permita realizar el levantamiento y corroboración del uso de la tierra al momento de la toma con miras a la obtención de la cartografía adecuada para el uso en la elaboración del Plan de Ordenamiento Territorial de las cuatro fincas que componen la Sede Rodrigo Facio.
El régimen del agua y la institucionalización de la función ecosistémica de los páramos colombianos
Authors: Ospina Guillermo Andrés
Published: July 2022

En este artículo, se analiza el proceso a través del cual los páramos colombianos han llegado a ser delimitados y declarados objeto de protección especial, prohibiendo los usos mineros y agropecuarios, y demandando la reconversión y sustitución gradual de las actividades productivas. Una serie de documentos legales emitidos por el gobierno nacional en torno a la delimitación y protección de los páramos, pone en evidencia una forma de institucionalización de la función de los ecosistemas para preservar un régimen hídrico. Este modelo basado en la declaratoria y manejo de espacios como “complejos”, separa los páramos de sus territorios mediante líneas en el mapa, mientras a sus habitantes se les limita el uso de la tierra como parte de una forma legal de apropiación técnica y control experto de unas “fábricas de agua” para el mercado emergente de los servicios ecosistémicos.
Voces silenciadas: invisibilización del África y la diáspora en el programa de licenciatura en ciencias sociales de la Universidad del Valle, Cali, Colombia
Authors: Romero Mancilla Yan Carlos
Published: July 2022

Colombia es uno de los países de América Latina donde la población negra es numerosa, a pesar de esto los estudios sobre el África y la diáspora son débiles y limitados. La Universidad del Valle (Univalle), que se encuentra ubicada en Santiago de Cali, la segunda ciudad con mayor población afrodescendiente de Latinoamérica, es un vivo ejemplo de ello. Dentro de este orden de ideas, pretendo develar la presencia y relevancia asignada a los temas y escritores negro-africanos en la formación de Licenciados en Ciencias Sociales de la Univalle. Para ello, parto de un enfoque cualitativo, en el cual contemplo las entrevistas a estudiantes y egresados y la revisión de los planes de curso. A modo de conclusión, planteo que en la Licenciatura en Ciencias Sociales hay una invisibilización del negro-africano. Es decir que, se da poca relevancia a los textos y temas sobre el África y lo negro, y cuando estos son representados aparecen sin capacidad de agencia, únicamente como víctimas del colonialismo europeo.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PERENCANAAN PAJAK (TAX PLANNING) PPH PASAL 25 DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN EFISIENSI BEBAN PAJAK PENGHASILAN PADA PT XYZ
Authors: Burhan Imron , Sari den ka Veronika , Zherawati Zherawati
Published: July 2022

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan perencanaan pajak (tax planning) PPh Pasal 25 dalam peningkatan efisiensi beban pajak penghasilan pada PT XYZ.Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data penelitian ini diperoleh dari hasil observasi meliputi dokumen laporan laba rugi, laporan posisi keuangan, dan surat pemberitahuan tahunan badan dan peneliti juga melakukan wawancara langsung dengan staff tax PT XYZ. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi perencanaan pajak telah dilakukan pada PT XYZ dengan melakukan strategi pengelolaan transaksi yang berhubungan dengan pemberian kesejahteraan karyawan, terdapat beberapa akun yang dapat dialihakan sebagai tunjangan seperti tunjangan PPh pasal 21, tunjangan makan dan minum, tunjangan parcel lebaran, dan tunjangan kesejahteraan karyawan lainnya.Tunjangan ini telah dikoreksi dan terjadi peningkatan efisiensi beban pajak penghasilan terutang badan.
Mujer migrante: un estudio sobre estereotipos en Sonora, México
Authors: Mercado Ibarra Santa Magdalena , Armenta Camacho Sandra Patricia , Ochoa Avila Eneida , Díaz Grijalva Giovana Rocío
Published: July 2022

De acuerdo con el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía (INEGI, 2017) de México, la migración es el cambio de residencia de una o más personas ya sea de manera temporal o definitiva, con el propósito de mejorar la calidad de vida, el desarrollo personal y familiar; no obstante, la desigualdad de género hace que las causas y las consecuencias de la experiencia migratoria sean muy diferentes para hombres y mujeres, por la misma razón contribuye a que mujeres migrantes sigan invisibilizadas. En este sentido, según Godoy (2007) las desigualdades de género y los estereotipos de género permiten tener un acercamiento de esta situación, las redes empleadas para hacerlo, la inserción social y laboral en el país de acogida, así como los significados que las personas en general le atribuyan. La investigación tuvo como objetivo determinar el estereotipo que tienen habitantes del estado de Sonora, México acerca de la mujer migrante con el propósito de contribuir a la visibilización. En el estudio participaron 144 personas, utilizándose el modelo teórico de contenido del estereotipo o SCM (Fiske, Cuddy y Glick, 2006; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick Y Xu, 2002) como referente. Como resultado, las definidoras que se reconocen como más representativas de la mujer migrante son: valientes, fuertes, trabajadoras, vulnerables, luchadoras, pobres, perseverantes, necesitadas, guerreras, soñadoras, resilientes, búsqueda, responsables, tristes, amables, esperanza, mujer y oportunidades. Por lo que se concluye que a la mujer migrante se le percibe de manera positiva por la población.
Relationship Between Annual Airbornepollen Levels (1974–2014) and the Occurrence of Idiopathic Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Myasthenia Gravis, Polymyositis/ Dermatomyositis, and Vasculitis Syndrome Based on the National Registry Database of Specific Intractable Disease in Japan: A Retrospective Study
Authors:   Department of Genome System Science, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan, Awaya Akira , Kuroiwa Yoshiyuki ,   Department of Genome System Science, Yokohama City University, Seto 22-2, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
Published: July 2022

Background: In Japan, pollen counts increased between 1977 and 1987, including three peaks (1978-1980, 1982, 1984-1986) coinciding with Kawasaki disease (KD) outbreaks. KD and related diseases may be related to pollen exposure (PE). Methods and Results: To elucidate the effects of PE on outbreaks of intractable muscular diseases and vasculitis syndromes, we evaluated the annual occurrence of disorders in relation to pollen counts using data from a national database. Specifically, we evaluated the occurrence of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM), myasthenia gravis (MG), polymyositis/dermatomyositis (PM/DM), Takayasu arteritis (TAK), granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA), and periarteritis nodosa (PAN). While we did not observe increased disease rates during the first pollen count peak (1978-1980), increased rates of all evaluated diseases were observed during the 1982 and 1984-86 peaks. Furthermore, simultaneous outbreaks coincided with 10pollen count peaks between 1988 and 2013. We observed significant correlations between the annual number of newly registered patients (nRPs) with IDCM, MG, PM/DM, and PAN and annual pollen levels (PL). Significant correlations were also observed between nRPs and the annual PL measured with a lag of 2 years for IDCM and GPA, 1–4 years for PAN, and 6 years for MG, PM/DM, TAK, GPA, and PAN. Conclusion: Data suggest that the cumulative effects of PE within 6 years prior to diagnosis might possibly trigger onset of muscular specific intractable diseases.
Salmoniformes: marine or freshwater origin?
Authors: Dolganov V. N.
Published: July 2022

A long discussion about either marine or freshwater genesis of salmonids is still relevant today. So far, no convincing evidence of any point of view has been found. The arguments to freshwater origin of Salmoniformes are analyzed using the «probabilistic» method of phylogenetic reconstruction and genetic approach. The analysis shows that proposed arguments cannot be considered as evidences for freshwater genesis of this taxon. Real facts and theoretical substantiations of early freshwater Salmoniformes are absent, so there is no need to prove that they acquired freshwater dwell in the Cretaceous-Paleocene in order to become anadromous fish again in the Eocene.
Pacific salmon: status of stocks and prospects for the fishery
Authors: Makoedov A. N. , Makoedov A. A.
Published: July 2022

Dynamics of the pacific salmon landing is reviewed. Mean registered domestic catch of these species was about 175,000 t per year in 1925–2021, but taking into account other estimations, as the volume of Japanese fishery, at least 250 . 103 t of salmon spawned in the Russian waters (within present-day borders) were withdrawn annually in this period. The potentially maximum annual catch of the Russian-originated pacific salmon is estimated around 350 . 103 t. Under current conditions for the Russian fishery, the annual catch of pacific salmon is unlikely to be less than 140–150 . 103 t in low-productive years and less than 220–250 . 103 t in high-productive years. For the next decade, annual catch of pacific salmon will supposedly exceed these thresholds in 100–120 . 103 t.
Importance of fish species in the bottom and near-bottoml biotopes of the Far-Eastern Seas and Pacific waters of Russia
Authors: Ivanov O. A. , Shuntov V. P.
Published: July 2022

Importance of fish species in the benthal ichthyocoenoses (up to depths of 2000 m) is discussed for the Russian waters in the Far-Eastern Seas and adjacent North-West Pacific on the data of bottom trawl surveys conducted by Pacific Fish. Res. Inst. (TINRO) in 1977–2010. The inverse Simpson index (or polydominance index) was chosen as a measure of dominance; Sorensen-Chekanovsky similarity index was used for comparative analysis of the dominance structure in ichthyocoenoses. The importance is determined for the top 20 species ranked by biomass (94.9 % of the total biomass of all demersal fish on the shelf and 95.8 % — at the continental slope, on average). Poor evenness under strong domination of 2–4 species is noted in the fish communities within the range of 0–2000 m. Walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma dominate in all regions whereas the subdominants are pacific herring Clupea pallasii, pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, atka mackerel Pleurogrammus monopterygius, or okhotsk atka mackerel P. azonus, depending on the region. The pollock domination is interrupted at the continental slope of the Bering Sea, where giant grenadier Albatrossia pectoralis dominate. The subdominants at the continental slope of all regions are greenland halibut Reinhardtius hippoglossoides matsuurae, popeye grenadier Coryphaenoides cinereus, pacific herring, pacific sleeper shark Somniosus pacificus, scale-eye plaice Acanthopsetta nadeshnyi, and blackfin flounder Glyptocephalus stelleri. Generalized graphs of the ichthyocoenoses similarity between the studied regions (Okhotsk Sea, Bering Sea, Japan Sea, and Pacific waters at Kamchatka and Kuril Islands) by species structure and composition of the dominant species are presented, separately for the shelf and continental slope.
Sockeye salmon of Iturup Island: characteristics of spawners from commercial catches in 2021
Authors: Elnikov A. N. , Zelennikov O. V.
Published: July 2022

Spawners of sockeye salmon caught in northern Iturup and in the Prostor Bay and Kurilsky Bay in July-August, 2021 are investigated. Almost all of them had the age 1.2+ or 1.3+, with prominent prevalence of the former both for females (88.9 %) and males (80.0 %); other age groups had symbolic representation. Older individuals of both sexes were significantly larger. The sockeye of Iturup Island spend only 2 years in the sea, so both females and males are smaller by weight than the producers of other sockeye herds in the Russian Far East. The short puberty is supposedly favorable for formation of relatively abundant stock of artificial reproduction by the sockeye of Iturup Island.
Sockeye salmon spawners in the basin of Nachikinskoye Lake (south-western Kamchatka): biology and abundance
Authors: Zaporozhets O. M. , Zaporozhets G. V.
Published: July 2022

State of the spawning part of the sockeye salmon population in Lake Nachikinskoye is characterized. Adults of the early race enter the lake from the sea in spring and early summer, mature at a depth and spawn from July to late August in three different loci — creeks, springs and lake, forming the corresponding ecotypes. The late race representatives enter the lake in July-August, mature, and spawn until December in the same loci. The races differ in age structure, size and fecundity. Males dominate in both races, with a growing proportion of small-sized individuals. According to the materials of aero surveys, the number of fish on the spawning grounds decreased gradually until 2016. Recent data are presented for the number of sockeye salmon belonged to early and late races on certain spawning grounds in the lake basin, based on results of quadrocopter surveys in 2018–2021. The number of the early race spawners was ~100–400 × 103 ind., late race ~300–500 × 103 ind.; the fluctuations were not synchronous between the races. These great spawning stocks require reliable protection and detailed annual monitoring to predict further changes.
Appendicularia in the Bering, Okhotsk, Chukchi Seas and North Pacific and their significance for feeding of nekton
Authors: Volkov A. F.
Published: July 2022

Significance of larvaceans (class Appendicularia) for plankton community and feeding of nekton in the Far-Eastern Seas and North Pacific is underestimated, this group of species is poorly represented in scientific literature. The total biomass of larvaceans is below the stocks of dominant groups in the large-sized zooplankton, as copepods, euphausiids, arrowworms, amphipods, and coelenterates, but accounted together with their shells (called «houses») they form a comparable stock. In the studied area, the class Appendicularia is represented by four species: widely distributedOikopleura vanhoeffeni,O. labradoriensis, andFritillaria borealisandF.sp. (perhapsF. pacifica) in the southern periphery of this area. Larger and more numerous oikopleurids dominate by both abundance and biomass and are presented in all size fractions of zooplankton, whereas fritillarids are presented mostly in the small-sized fraction. Larvaceans distribute mainly in the upper epipelagic layer (55–97 %), i.e. in the layer of their prey concentration; their density is the highest in the coastal zone with the depth < 50 m and decreases in deeper areas. They are a significant portion in the diet of many nekton species (41 out of 151 species in the Trofology database of TINRO), including basic commercial fishes, as pollock, salmons, herring, polar cod, mackerels, sardine and some others. Their mucus houses glowing at night, with the animal inside, whose tail vibrates constantly providing movement and nutrition, are attractive for many plankton-eaters. Appendicularia have a high occurrence in the food of all size-classes of nekton, though it decreases for larger-sized fish of such mass fish species, as walleye pollock and pink and chum salmons.
Cabbeling due to mixing of the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea waters on seasonal and climatic scale
Authors: Kilmatov T. R.
Published: July 2022

Cabbeling due to mixing of the surface waters from the Bering Strait and the Chukchi Sea is evaluated quantitatively and variations of its impact on seasonal and climatic scale are analyzed. The cabbeling effect increases additionally the mixed water density in 0.059 kg/m3 in summer and in 0.001 kg/m3 in winter. Seasonal variation of the cabelling repeats the seasonal variation of temperature difference between the interacted water masses (ΔT ~ 5,0 оC in summer, ΔT ~ 0,5 оC in winter). This process provides additional energy for sinking of warm and salt mixed water in summer, when it penetrates far into the Arctic. In winter, the temperature difference between the mixing waters is about zero, so the cabbeling almost disappears. Both temperature and salinity have climatic trends in the Chukchi Sea that causes the climate-scale variation of the cabbeling: its impact increases in 0.002 kg/m3 per decade in summer because of climatic heating (~0,13 оC/decade) and salinity decrease (~0.04 psu/decade).
Choosing the optimal method of stock assessment for Saccharina japonica in the northwestern Tatar Strait
Authors: Dulenin A. A. , Kharitonov A. V. , Sviridov V. V.
Published: July 2022

Experiments on comparing the methods for assessment of Saccharina japonica commercial stock were conducted in 2021. In total, 11 sites in the northwestern Tatar Strait southward from the Sovetskaya Gavan Bay, along the 44 km stretch of coastline between Cape Krasny Partizan (48о58′ N 140о23′ E) and Cape Korovin (48о37′ N 140о11′ E), were surveyed aboard RV Ubezhdenny and small boats. This is a traditional area of Saccharina japonica commercial harvesting. Four methods were compared: 1) visual assessment of projective cover from the sea surface by two observers independently; 2) assessment of projective cover by two observers independently on the images obtained from a remotely operated underwater vehicle (ROV); 3) estimation of projective cover by a diver; and 4) assessment on the data of quantitative diving samples. The former three methods are comparable and differ by 1.2–1.7 times. The estimates made by the latter method of diving sampling exceed them by 2.4–4.1 times because of artifacts specific to this method. To eliminate inaccuracies, diving samples should be collected under control from the sea surface by ROV. Evaluation of the projective cover by diver is inadvisable. Visual assessments of the projective cover from the sea surface are simple and cheap but inconvenient for documentation. The stock assessment with micro-ROV is recognized as the optimal method provided an adequate accounting of the kelp abundance and complete documenting of the survey materials.
Chemical bonding in representative astrophysically relevant neutral, cation, and anion HCnH chains
Authors: Baldea Ioan
Published: July 2022

Most existing studies assign a polyynic and cumulenic character of chemical bonding in carbonbased chains relying on values of the bond lengths. Building on our recent work, in this paper we add further evidence on the limitations of such an analysis and demonstrate the signi�cant insight gained via natural bond analysis. Presently reported results include atomic charges, natural bond order and valence indices obtained from ab initio computations for representative members of the astrophysically relevant neutral and charged HC2k/2k+1H chain family. They unravel a series of counter-intuitive aspects and/or help naive intuition in properly understanding microscopic processes, e.g., electron removal from or electron attachment to a neutral chain. Demonstrating that the Wiberg indices adequately quantify the chemical bonding structure of the HC2k/2k+1H chains while the often heavily advertised Mayer indices do not | represents an important message conveyed by the present study.
Class Struggle Seen in Ernest Jones’ Three Selected Poems: The Song of The Poor, The Song The Lower Classes, and A Song for People
Authors: Fijai Andi Ahmad , Pujiati Hat , Setiawan Ikwan
Published: July 2022

This article discusses class struggle of the working class through Ernest Jones’ three selected poems: The Song of The Poor, The Song of The Lower Classes, and A Song for People in the Industrial Revolution era in England. Industrial Revolution is a shift in goods production from human power into mechanical power. This research uses Michael Riffaterre’s Semiotics of Poetry theory to find out the meaning and significance of the chosen poems and uses some opinions and history as hypogram to portray the class struggle of the workers in Industrial Revolution era. The result of this research shows that these poems articulate the voices of the working class in struggling to get justice against the ruling class. AbstrakArtikel ini membahas tentang perjuangan kelas pekerja di tiga puisi pilihan karya Ernest Jones: The Song of The Poor, The Song of The Lower Classes, dan A Song for People di era Revolusi Industri di Inggris. Revolusi Industri adalah perubahan cara produksi barang yang awalnya menggunakan tenaga manusia menjadi tenaga mekanik. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Semiotika Puisi oleh Michael Riffaterre untuk mengetahui meaning (makna) dan significance (arti) puisi yang terpilih dan menggunakan beberapa opini dan sejarah sebagai hipogram untuk menggambarkan perjuangan kelas pekerja di era Revolusi Industri. Hasil penelitian ini mengeksplorasi perjuangan para pekerja di era Revolusi Industri. Jones melalui puisinya mengartikulasikan suara-suara kelas pekerja dalam perjuangannya mendapatkan keadilan melawan kelas pengusa.
Paanthungi, Puisi Lisan Gorontalo sebagai Media Pemertahanan Bahasa Daerah
Authors: Hinta Ellyana , Ntelu Asna , Djou Dakia , Zulkipli NFN
Published: July 2022

The purpose of this study is to describe Panthungi, Gorontalo's oral poetry as a medium for maintaining local languages. This research is descriptive in nature which is the result of a literature review related to Paanthungi. Therefore, the method used is a qualitative descriptive method. This method is intended to describe Gorontalo Oral Poetry as a Regional Language Defense Media. The data collection technique is in the form of a documentation technique by digging back into literature studies related to the Gorontalo Pantun which can be used as a medium for maintaining regional languages. The results showed that Paanthungi is a social rhyme that is sung to the accompaniment of music, dances, or without music, and is used when welcoming guests or used in traditional rituals in Gorontalo. Paanthungi or pantun is an art that needs to be developed and maintained by the people of Gorontalo because in addition to being entertaining, paanthungi also plays a very important role in protecting the Gorontalo regional language from extinction. AbstrakTujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan Panthungi, puisi lisan Gorontalo sebagai media pemertahanan bahasa daerah. Penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif yang merupakan hasil kajian studi pustaka terkait dengan Paanthungi. Oleh sebab itu, metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Metode ini dimaksudkan untuk mendiskripsikan Puisi Lisan Gorontalo Sebagai Media Pemertahanan Bahasa Daerah. Teknik pengumpulan data berupa teknik dokumentasi dengan menggali kembali kajian kepusatakaan terkait dengan Pantun Gorontalo yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai media pemertahanan bahasa daerah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Paanthungi adalah pantun pergaulan yang dilagukan dengan iringan musik, tari-tarian, atau juga tanpa musik, dan digunakan pada saat penyambutan tamu atau digunakan pada ritual-ritual adat di Gorontalo.Paanthungi atau pantun itu adalah sebuah seni yang perlu dikembangkan dan dipelihara oleh masyarakat Gorontalo karena di samping dapat menghibur, paanthungi juga sangat berfungsi untuk menjaga bahasa daerah Gorontalo agar terhindar dari kepunahan.
Leksikon Nama Peralatan Rumah Tangga Masyarakat Minangkabau: Gambaran Dinamika Masyarakat
Authors: Reniwati Reniwati , Khanizar Khanizar
Published: July 2022

Minangkabau language is not free from language contact with other languages. This language contact brought about a change in the Minangkabau language. This change also occurs in the lexicon associated with household furniture. This article aims to describe the lexicon in the meaning field of lost or potentially missing household furniture and explain its reasons. The data are provided by applying conversational method with a set of techniques. The research was carried out in areas, including suburbs. Informants consist of different generations intending to know the existence of the lexicon in that generation.  The data were analyzed using identity method namely translational and referencial identity methods with a set of techniques that are in accordance with this field research.  The data analysis shows that the old lexicon and the new lexicon are household appliances. The use of the new lexicon can have some impacts, namely, the loss of the use of the old lexicon and another lexicon that collocates with it. AbstrakBahasa Minangkabau tidak terbebas dari kontak bahasa dengan bahasa lain. Kontak bahasa ini membawa perubahan dalam bahasa Minangkabau. Perubahan itu juga terjadi pada lekson yang berkait dengan peralatan rumah tangga. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan keadaan penggunaan leksikon peralatan rumah tangga yang lama, penggunaan leksikon peralatan rumah tangga yang baru dan pengaruh penggunaannya pada leksikon yang lama dan lekskon yang terkait dengan leksikon lama tersebut. Data dikumpulkan dengan menggunakan metode cakap dengan seperangkat teknik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan di daerah yang termasuk pinggiran kota. Informan terdiri dari generasi yang berbeda dengan tujuan mengetahui eksistensi dari leksikon di generasi tersebut. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode padan referensial dan translasional dengan seperangkat teknik yang sesuai dengan penelitian ini. Dari analisis data diperoleh leksikon lama dan leksikon baru di ranah peralatan rumah tangga.  Penggunaan leksikon baru dapat berdampak, yaitu hilangnya penggunaan leksikon lama dan leksikon yang lain yang berkolokasi dengannya.
Balinese Language on the Street Signs in Singaraja Town, Bali: A Linguistic Landscape Analysis
Authors: Paramarta I Made Suta
Published: July 2022

The existence of local languages in Indonesia, including Balinese language is often related to marginalization issue. Some previous research revealed that Balinese language is rarely used in public spaces. The local government implements Governor Regulation Number 80 of 2018 to officially protect the language, including its existence in public spaces. This research explores the existence of Balinese language and script on the lingual street signs in Singaraja, North Bali. Further, the distribution of the lingual street signs is also investigated to reveal the government's primary and secondary target areas in language protection. The subjects of the study are 151 street signs that are placed by the department of transportation of Buleleng regency. The data are obtained through photograph taking and observation. The research reveals that the presence of Indonesian language marginalizes Balinese language. The regulation only successfully improves the use of Balinese script instead of the use of Balinese language. In terms of the sign distribution, the government focuses on signs with Balinese script at the center of the town due to the intense language contact in the area.  AbstrakKeberadaan bahasa daerah di Indonesia, termasuk bahasa Bali sering dihubungkan dengan isu marginalisasi. Beberapa penelitian sebelumnya mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Bali jarang digunakan di ruang publik. Pemerintah daerah Bali telah menerapkan Peraturan Gubernur Nomor 80 Tahun 2018 untuk secara resmi melindungi bahasa dan aksara Bali, termasuk keberadaannya di ruang publik. Sehubungan dengan itu, penelitian ini menggali keberadaan bahasa dan aksara Bali pada rambu-rambu jalan lingual di Singaraja, Bali Utara. Selanjutnya, sebaran rambu-rambu jalan lingual juga diselidiki untuk mengungkap wilayah sasaran primer dan sekunder pemerintah dalam perlindungan bahasa Bali. Subyek penelitian adalah 151 rambu jalan yang dipasang oleh Dinas Perhubungan Kabupaten Buleleng. Data diperoleh melalui pengambilan foto dan observasi. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa bahasa Bali terpinggirkan dengan kehadiran bahasa Indonesia. Peraturan gubernur tersebut hanya berhasil meningkatkan penggunaan aksara Bali ketimbang penggunaan bahasa Bali. Dalam hal distribusi tanda, pemerintah memfokuskan penggunaan tanda dengan aksara Bali di pusat kota karena kontak bahasa yang intens terjadi di daerah tersebut.
UNSUR SEMANTIK DEBAT PUBLIK PASANGAN CALON PADA PILGUB JATIM 2018: KAJIAN ANALISIS WACANA KRITIS [Semantic Elements of the Candidate Pair’s Public Debate in the 2018 East Java Governor Election A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA)]
Authors: Sueb Sueb
Published: July 2022

The title of this article is "Semantic Elements / Meaning of the Words of the Public Debate of Candidate Pairs in the 2018 East Java Gubernatorial Election in conveying the East Java development program for the Next Five Years: A Study of Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK)." The issue raised is how the semantic element/meaning of the word public debate of the candidate pairs in the 2018 East Java Pilgub in conveying the East Java development program for the next five years: Critical Discourse Analysis (AWK). The objectives of this study are: to describe, interpret, and explain the semantic elements/meaning of words used by the candidate pairs in the 2018 gubernatorial election in conveying the East Java development program for the next five years. The theories used are public debate, campaign language, pilkada, and critical discourse analysis/awk: public debate, campaign, ideology, election, and critical discourse analysis/AWK. The research method used is the qualitative method. The results showed that the semantic elements/meaning of words (1) experience value: (a) ideologically fought words, (b) presented metaphors, (2) relational values: (a) euphemistic expressions, (b) choice of words formal, and (3) expressive value: (a) words that express positive evaluations, (b) words that express negative evaluations.
Cardiovascular Fitness and Associated Comorbidities in An Executive Health Program
Authors: Sanchez Otto A , Hesse Anton S. , Betker Morgan R. , Lundstrom Christopher J. , Conroy William E. , Gao Zan
Published: July 2022

Objectives: Low cardiorespiratory fitness, defined as a VO2 max below the 25th percentile for age and sex, is associated with greater body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, and plasma cholesterol values and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular and metabolic diseases. Given that sedentarism has substantially increased in the U.S. population in the last 20 years and that office workers have the lowest cardiorespiratory fitness of the workforce, we aimed to assess the prevalence of low cardiorespiratory fitness in an corporate wellness program and determine its relationship with associated comorbidities.Methods: For this retrospective observational analysis demographics, height, weight, blood pressure at rest, plasma glucose, lipids, comorbidities, and VO2 max data was extracted from the medical records of 199 participants attending the Executive Health Program at M Health Fairview of the University of Minnesota. Participants were predominantly white, middle-aged men with near-optimal blood pressure values.Results: Participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness had a VO2 max [mean (range) of 28 (19.4 - 36.1) mL/kg/min], and was observed in 33% of all participants. Participants with low cardiorespiratory fitness were more likely to have higher BMI, dyslipidemia and hypertension than those in the excellent to superior category of cardiorespiratory fitness, VO2 max [mean (range) 45.6 (31.8 - 61.2) mL/kg/min]. Prevalence of obesity (17%) was lower than in the general U.S. population, and those who were obese were more likely to be of low cardiorespiratory fitness. Those with low cardiorespiratory fitness had a four fold relative risk of belonging to the group at high risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases when compared to those with a fair to superior cardiorespiratory fitness.Conclusions: Low cardiorespiratory fitness identified in a third of all participants, is a modifiable risk factor associated with risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease, should be evaluated in executive health programs.
The Role of Defensins in Non-Specific Protection of the Macroorganism from Infectious Agents in Inflammatory Diseases of the Mouth and Oropharynx (Literature Review)
Authors:   Danylo Halytsky Lviv National Medical University, 69, Pekarska St., Lviv 79010, Ukraine, Bezhuk Yu. A. , Мartovlos (Hodovana) O. I. , Horban I. I. , Tsimar A. V.
Published: July 2022

The purpose of the study was to analyze literature sources containing information about defensins, cysteine-rich cationic amphipathic peptides produced by circulating white blood cells and tissue cells. This review describes the antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of defensins, as well as their molecular and cellular interactions. These substances, which are present on the epithelium and body fluids, are active against bacteria, fungi and viruses, as well as produced by immune and epithelial cells. These natural antimicrobial cationic peptides play an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. Defensins are divided into alpha and beta families. Alpha-defensins (α-defensins) are found in neutrophils, macrophages and Paneth cells in the intestine. Beta-defensins (β-defensins) are secreted by most leukocytes and epithelial cells. Extensive antimicrobial activity and multifaceted immunomodulatory functions of defensins confirm their role in innate immunity as the main protective component of the human body against bacterial, viral and fungal infections. Thus, they are key effector molecules in protecting the organism from infection due to their broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity. Their common antimicrobial function is the formation of destructive pores in the membranes of pathogens, including enveloped viruses. Antiviral activity includes the direct effect of defensin on viral envelopes, glycoproteins and capsids. Binding and modulation of host cell surface receptors and disruption of intracellular signaling by defensins may also inhibit virus replication. These peptides block infection with enveloped and non-enveloped viruses by aggregating particles, blocking receptor binding, inhibiting virus penetration or depletion of particles, inhibiting stem cell signaling, or viral gene expression. In addition, defensins may function as chemokines to enhance and alter adaptive immune responses by exhibiting an indirect antiviral mechanism. Conclusion. However, sources of scientific information have shown that defensins attract immune cells and modulate adaptive immune responses. It has also been shown that defensins can both induce inflammation and suppress inflammatory responses by acting on certain cells through various mechanisms. Due to this, they can be used as one of the markers in the development of inflammatory diseases of the mouth and oropharynx. The main drugs that activate the production of defensins are probiotics, vitamin D and leukotriene B4. This expands the possibility of their use as a new class of non-toxic antimicrobials and immunomodulators
EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE TERHADAP TINGKAT BEBAS LARVA (ABJ) DI PUSKESMAS PEJERUK MATARAM
Authors: Khalid Sopian , Mulianingsih Misroh , Zulkahfi Zulkahfi , Laila Anna , Aswati Aswati
Published: July 2022

ABSTRACTThe number of DHF sufferers in NTB in 2015 occurred 1,000 cases, with two people being declared dead. From January to November Mataram Public Health reported 388 total number cases, the total number of cases was 388. The data obtained at Pejeruk Primary health care regarding dengue cases showed that IR: 26.27 with 11 cases, Larvae-free rate (AB in 2017 amounted to 88.95%. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of dengue hemorrhagic fever education on Zero Number of Larva in Karang  Baru. Only the working area of Puskesmas Pejeruk, Mataram City. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design with one group pretest-posttest design. The population is 32 people, with a sample of 15 people. The research instrument is a questionnaire. The data analysis uses the Wilcoxon test. The results show that there are differences Free Rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (ABJ DBD) between before and after Health Health education  (Jumantik) in the Karang Baru Environment in the Work Area of Puskesmas Pejeruk, Mataram City, with a p-value (0,000). Health educators (Jumantik) can increase the Larvae-free rate of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (ABJ DBD) in Karang Baru Wila Environment yeah, the work at Pejeruk Primary health care, Mataram City. Conclusion: Health workers can provide health education to increase public knowledge about DHF and the importance of PSN activities in preventing high cases of DHF Keywords: Health Education, Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, Larvae-Free Rate
The Evolution of Economic Relations Between the USA and Canada: The Interdependence of the Two Economies
Authors: Filina A. D. , Tretyakova G. V.
Published: July 2022

The paper presents the results of the study of the evolution of economic relations between the United States and Canada, since 1989. The agreements regulating the economic relations of these countries among themselves and with other trading partners. An economic and statistical study of Canada’s exports to Latin America and the Caribbean and imports from them was carried out. Both Canada and the United States have become leaders in creating an open and free space based on the principles of multilateral trade. The main characteristics of the free trade zone are mutual concessions in terms of access to markets for services and goods; discipline in terms of trade restrictions; the use of dispute settlement mechanisms. Nevertheless, some researchers question the effectiveness of this trading system. US President Joe Biden promises to take measures to intensify bilateral cooperation, but Canadians are concerned about his decision to cancel the Keystone XL pipeline project. The commitment of the American president to the policy of “buying American” also causes some unrest. The above determines the relevance of considering the issue related to economic cooperation between the United States and Canada in modern conditions. The following research methods were used in the work: the normative method and the method of political analysis.
Air Quality as a Priority Issue for the New Economy
Authors: Bobylev S. N. , Solovyeva S. V. , Astapkovich M.
Published: July 2022

The article talks about the problem of air pollution. In the world, its economic, social, and environmental aspects are receiving increased attention. This trend is clearly visible in the example of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), adopted by all countries of the world in 2015 with a horizon of implementation up to 2030. A significant part of the SDGs is directly or indirectly related to combating air pollution, which will improve the health of the population and life cities, mitigate climate problems, create a new energy sector, implement new technologies, etc. Here we can mention SDG 3 (health), SDG 7 (energy), SDG 8 (economic growth), SDG 9 (industrialization and innovation), SDG 11 (sustainable cities), SDG 13 (climate), SDG 15 (terrestrial ecosystems). In fact, we can talk about the formed “air” priorities in the transition to new economic models, primarily green and low-carbon ones.
Sociocultural factors in the development of the professional worldview of a modern teacher: challenges of the new world of education
Authors: Frolova S. V.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The teacher's professional worldview is the basic component that forms the educational space, which determines its nature and the future of education as a whole. The problems of forming a teacher's professional worldview and determining its meaningful essence are significant for discussion and discussion within the framework of the modern educational agenda, since the modern socio-cultural space is characterized by a high degree of turbulence in social processes, "blurring" of the teacher's professional image, uncertainty of his professional values and ideals. The purpose of the article is to analyze and systematize the factors influencing the formation and development of the teacher's professional worldview in the structure of the life cycle of the profession “teacher”.

Materials and Methods. Methods of analysis, systematization and generalization of scientific literature on the research problem were used.

Results. The article analyzes the influence of trends and challenges of the modern socio-cultural space, including transformations in the pedagogical education environment, as factors influencing the formation of a teacher's professional worldview. The article presents the reasoning about the transformation of the modern model of pedagogical education, the nature of interaction in the "student-teacher" system of the professional education of a teacher, the essential core of which is the professional worldview of the future teacher, who absorbs the complex phenomenon of his professional life. In the article, the author identifies two types of trends and factors influencing the professional worldview of a teacher: general sociocultural, university and pedagogical trends proper.

Discussion and Conclusions. In the conclusions, the author emphasizes the need to implement the idea of a regional socio-pedagogical cluster as a single space for the teacher's professional growth and the development of his professional worldview.
Professional specialization in higher language education of non-linguistic students: approaches, procedures, techniques and methods
Authors: Voronina D. K. , Shamov A. N.
Published: July 2022

Introduction. The article raises the problem of the necessity of organizing conditions for profession-oriented foreign languages training for non-linguistic students in accordance with the requirements of competence-based approach to education. Professional specialization in foreign languages education is considered in terms of educational process approximation to the real communicative experience in specific professional sphere. The goal of the article is screening, selection and analysis of conceptual bases in higher language education for non-linguistic students.

Materials and Methods. To achieve the goal the following research methods were used: the study and comparative analysis of pedagogical, psychological, methodological Russian and foreign literature representing the modern views on current concepts in non-major language education; generalization and synthesis of the most relevant for this paper scientific results; conceptual foresight and modeling the language educational process based on the theoretical results of this research.

Results. Quantitative analysis of the reviewed studies on specific methods of profession-oriented foreign languages teaching made it possible to select three the most scientifically justified perspectives on this issue. Language for specific purposes (LSP), content and language integrated learning (CLIL) and context-based approach are considered as the means of professional specialization in foreign languages education. As a result of the research we allocated the most essential characteristics of the described procedures and drew a conclusion about the reasonability of their implementation on different stages of the educational process.

Discussion and Conclusions. The results of the analysis may be of interest for those who study specific methods of foreign languages teaching for non-linguistic students as well as the problem of international profession-oriented communicative competency formation in higher education. The theoretical results of the study may form the basis of practical use in specific teaching guides and training materials in language classes for various kinds of non-linguistic specialization areas.
Purposeful Collaboration through Professional Learning Communities: Teacher Educators’ Challenges
Authors: Botha Carolina , Nel Carisma
Published: July 2022

The Covid-19 pandemic has affected the teaching practicum component of initial teacher education programmes in significant ways. School-based placement could not take place, but teacher educators still needed to ensure that the teaching practicum component complied with policy. The aim of this study is to indicate how work-integrated learning teacher educators created professional learning communities among an entire population of 7 041 student teachers enrolled for the Baccalaureus Educationis degree, the challenges they faced and how they managed these challenges. The professional learning community model of Hord (2009) was used as a conceptual framework for this study. In this qualitative multi-site case study, document analysis was the primary data collection method. Journals and WhatsApp messages kept by the two work-integrated learning teacher educators and the minutes of virtual work-integrated learning meetings were analysed using narrative and thematic analysis. The findings indicated four main challenges, namely constituting the professional learning communities and developing the alternative task, dealing with issues related to group demographics and diversity, connectivity, technology and collaborating in learning in a remote environment, and lastly, providing continuous feedback, support and guidance. Recommendations for future practice are discussed.
Motivos para reducir el consumo de carne en estudiantes universitarios mexicanos
Authors: Manzano Fischer Patricia , Silva Gutiérrez Cecilia Guadalupe
Published: July 2022

Introducción: La producción y consumo de carne son la principal fuente de impactos ambientales derivados de la alimentación. Las dietas bajas en proteína animal y vegetarianas se han propuesto como una posible alternativa para ayudar en la solución de esta problemática. Objetivo: Identificar los motivos asociados con la disminución del consumo de carne. Método: Se aplicó un cuestionario construido ex profeso a 60 estudiantes universitarios: 47 mujeres y 13 hombres con edades entre 18 y 27 años, que reportaron ser semi vegetarianos, vegetarianos o veganos. Resultados: Los resultados indican que los principales motivos para limitar el consumo de carne incluyen la ética, el bienestar animal, la preocupación por el medio ambiente, la salud y la nutrición. Conclusión: Se identificaron las principales razones que llevan a los estudiantes a disminuir su consumo de carne. Comprender los motivos para reducir el consumo de proteína animal podría ayudar a diseñar estrategias que contribuyan a la transición hacia dietas con menor consumo de carne y alcanzar la sustentabilidad alimentaria.
Peculiaridades de la alergia a los alimentos vegetales en el sureste de España
Authors: Castro-Jiménez Araceli , Florido Fernando , Alonso-Morales Filomena , Gratacós-Gómez Alejandro , Alonso-Morales Francisco Javier , Gómez-Torrijos Elisa
Published: July 2022

La alergia a frutas y verduras es la alergia alimentaria más común en los países mediterráneos, especialmente el síndrome LTP (lipid transfer proteins). Este es el primer estudio que analiza múltiples características clínicas, alergológicas y terapéuticas de la alergia a vegetales en el sureste de España y que evalúa si difieren en urgencias o consultas externas. Se trata de un estudio prospectivo de pacientes que consultan por primera vez debido a alergia a verduras en Granada, España. Registramos datos demográficos, clínicos, alergológicos y tratamiento prescrito. Las características obtenidas concuerdan con las infomadas en la bibliografía actual, excepto en la mayor prevalencia de Pru p 3, Cor a 9 y Ara h 9, que predisponen a reacciones alérgicas graves. La conclusión es que la alergia a vegetales en Granada es un fenotipo más grave que en otras áreas de España, especialmente en adultos jóvenes sensibilizados a diferentes proteínas de transferencia de lípidos y polinosis a polen del olivo.