bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О понятии административно-правового регулирования
Authors: Блинов А.Г.
Published: January 2025

Статья посвящена рассмотрению содержания категории «административно-правовое регу- лирование». Цель статьи состоит в выявлении сущности административно-правового регулирования и выработке его теоретического определения. Достижению цели статьи способствовал анализ соотношения категорий «государственное управление» и «государственное регулирование», существующих в науке точек зрения относительно категорий «административно-правовое регулирование», «механизм админи- стративно-правового регулирования», «правовое средство». Автор констатирует, что правовые средства опосредуют организационную деятельность государства, а использование различных правовых средств в рамках механизма административно-правового регулирования позволяет воздействовать на управленческие отношения, организуя их в соответствии с нормативно установленными целями. Сделан вывод о том, что административно-правовое регулирование следует понимать как основанное на нормах административного права применение административно-правовых средств воздействия на общественные отношения в сфере функционирования государственной администрации.

The article is devoted to the consideration of the content of the category «administrative and legal regulation». The purpose of the article is to identify the essence of administrative and legal regulation and develop its theoretical definition. The achievement of the goal of the article was facilitated by the analysis of the relationship between the categories of «public administration» and «state regulation», existing in science points of view regarding the categories of «administrative and legal regulation», «mechanism of administrative and legal regulation», «legal means». The author states that legal means mediate the organizational activity of the state, and the use of various legal means within the mechanism of administrative and legal regulation allows influencing management relations, organizing them in accordance with the normatively established goals. It is concluded that administrative and legal regulation should be understood as the application of administrative and legal means of influencing public relations in the sphere of functioning of public administration based on the norms of administrative law.
О понятии и сущности мер административного пресечения
Authors: Зубков А.С.
Published: January 2025

Актуальность темы статьи обусловлена отсутствием общепринятого в науке определения мер административного пресечения. Затронут вопрос их соотношения с мерами обеспечения производства по делам об административных правонарушениях сходной направленности. Обозначена целевая харак- теристика рассматриваемой группы мер административного принуждения. Изучение особенностей мер административного пресечения позволило сформулировать определение данной правовой категории. По мнению автора, это закрепленные нормами административного права и выраженные в принятии инди- видуальных актов средства целенаправленного воздействия уполномоченных органов (должностных лиц) исполнительной власти на конкретных физических и юридических лиц, применяемые в случае обнаружения в их действиях или бездействии признаков противоправных деяний и обеспечивающие их прекращение, недопущение их продолжения, а также исполнение возложенных на них обязанностей.

The relevance of the article is due to the lack of a generally accepted definition of administrative restraint measures in science. The issue of their relationship with measures to ensure proceedings on cases of administrative offenses of a similar nature is addressed. The target characteristics of the considered group of administrative coercion measures are outlined. The study of the features of administrative restraint measures made it possible to formulate a definition of this legal category. According to the author, these are means of targeted influence of authorized bodies (officials) of the executive power on specific individuals and legal entities, enshrined in the norms of administrative law and expressed in the adoption of individual acts, applied in the event of detection of signs of illegal acts in their actions or inaction and ensuring their termination, prevention of their continuation, as well as the fulfillment of the duties imposed on them.
Частная охранная деятельность как объект административно-правового регулирования
Authors: Кижанов А.С.
Published: January 2025

В статье исследуются отдельные вопросы административно-правового регулирования частной охранной деятельности. Автором выделяются два направления государственно-управленческого воздей- ствия в данной сфере – в отношении частных охранников и частных охранных организаций. В отношении частных охранников и лиц, претендующих на занятие данной деятельностью, осуществляются экзамена- ционно-конкурсное, удостоверительное производства и производство по предоставлению государственных услуг, что в комплексе способствует привлечению в штат частных охранных организаций и нахождению в нем квалифицированных кадров, способных решать задачи защиты личных и имущественных прав граждан и организаций. Деятельность же частных охранных организаций является объектом лицензирования и го- сударственного контроля (надзора), что обеспечивает минимизацию угрозы причинения ущерба правам и свободам граждан и иным охраняемым законом ценностям, предупреждение совершения противоправных деяний частными охранными организациями и их должностными лицами, выявление допущенных нару- шений, принятие мер по восстановлению правопорядка и привлечение виновных лиц к административной ответственности.

The article examines certain issues of administrative and legal regulation of private security activities. The author identifies two areas of public management influence in this area - in relation to private security guards and private security organizations. In relation to private security guards and persons applying to engage in this activity, examination and competitive, certification and public service production are carried out, which together contributes to attracting private security organizations to the staff and finding qualified personnel capable of solving the tasks of protecting the personal and property rights of citizens and organizations. The activities of private security organizations are subject to licensing and state control (supervision), which minimizes the threat of harm to the rights and freedoms of citizens and other legally protected values, prevents the commission of illegal acts by private security organizations and their officials, identifies violations, takes measures to restore law and order and bring perpetrators to administrative responsibility.
Analyzing the Risk-Return Profile of Stocks within theBSE Finance Index: A Research Paper
Authors: N Jayashree , Vijay Navita
Published: January 2025

This research paper examines the risk-return attributes of certain financial stocks listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) Finance Index. This research intends to fill a gap in our knowledge by analysing the sector’s stocks in detail, looking for patterns in their performance related to market trends, volatility, and correlation to the overall finance index. The research employs statistical indicators such as standard deviation and correlation analysis for the four companies: Bajaj Finance, Shriram Finance, CholaFin, and Bajaj Holdings. The standard deviation assesses the level of risk linked to the returns of each stock, whereas correlation coefficients gauge the magnitude and direction of the connection between the returns of the stocks and the BSE Finance Index. The results demonstrate notable disparities in risk profiles across the companies, with Bajaj Holdings exhibiting the strongest correlation and the least amount of volatility, rendering it a more secure investment choice. CholaFin, on the other hand, demonstrates the most volatility and a less strong correlation with the index, suggesting a greater degree of risk. The study emphasises that Bajaj Finance and Shriram Finance exhibit significant positive correlations with the index, but their risk profiles vary marginally. This offers significant insights for investors and portfolio managers who aim to achieve a harmonious equilibrium between risk and return in their investment strategies within the finance industry.
Assessing the Effectiveness of Training and Development Initiatives in Enhancing Workforce Performance and Operational Efficiency of the Organization in Selected IT Companies in Bangalore
Authors: Mohan Naresh Eeti , D Hemalatha , J Vinith Kumar
Published: January 2025

Learning impacts the performance of the employees. The learning of the employees will be influenced by the Training and Development programs of the organizations. Training programs will enhance decision-making skills, interpersonal skills and Operative skills. A survey has been conducted with the help of a sample of 96 employees from 14 IT companies of Bangalore and it is found that most of the employees are feeling positive with the Training programs. Most of the respondents feel that Training content and job performance are relevant. The employees who are more engaged are more confident of delivering their duties in the job as the skillset is updated as per the changing environment. The employees getting more support from the management are more motivated and able to perform well in the organization.
Ethics Education in Business Schools of India: Challenges and Looking Forward
Authors: Ramakrishnan Lalitha
Published: January 2025

An ethics course has been integrated with the business curriculum to make business operations ethical. The drive to conduct ethics training in business schools has stemmed from seven forces: an increase in unethical practices by managers, the desire of employer organisations, pressure from regulators, the need for professionalism, popular public demand for positive roles, and the new education policy of the government. Arguments against teaching ability point out that college ethics courses are useless because ethics cannot be taught as it is hard to change habits, beliefs, and values. Conversely, researchers argue that ethical behaviours could be developed. From a teachability point of view, ethics education goals can include raising individuals’ consciousness to recognise ethical issues, developing sensitivity for feeling a sense of moral obligation, developing analytical skills for recognising right and wrong in the issues, and developing decision-making skills to identify proper actions. The educators face the challenge of developing autonomy, self-efficacy, and values through situated learning. This paper aims at bringing the challenges faced by the teachers in teaching ethics education and how in the long run teachers can make this teaching very effective.
Tinjauan Pada Mola Hidatidosa
Authors: Ananda Tia , Nandini Shalsa , Nabila Tiara , Utari Alya
Published: January 2025

Mola hidatidosa, salah satu bentuk penyakit trofoblastik gestasional, merupakan gangguan kehamilan yang ditandai oleh proliferasi abnormal trofoblas dan pembentukan villi korionik edematosa. Penyakit ini memiliki potensi progresif menjadi keganasan seperti koriokarsinoma jika tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai patofisiologi, diagnosis, pencegahan, dan penatalaksanaan mola hidatidosa. Dari aspek patofisiologi, perubahan genetik dan imunologis menjadi faktor utama yang berkontribusi pada perkembangan penyakit. Diagnosis yang akurat mengandalkan kombinasi evaluasi klinis, pemeriksaan ultrasonografi, dan pengukuran kadar human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) serum. Upaya pencegahan meliputi deteksi dini pada kelompok berisiko tinggi serta edukasi kesehatan reproduksi. Penatalaksanaan mencakup evakuasi uterin melalui kuretase, diikuti dengan pemantauan kadar hCG untuk mendeteksi kemungkinan keganasan. Pendekatan multidisiplin, melibatkan spesialis obstetri, onkologi, dan psikologi, diperlukan untuk memastikan prognosis optimal serta kualitas hidup pasien. Artikel ini diharapkan dapat menjadi panduan bagi tenaga kesehatan dalam meningkatkan pemahaman dan penanganan mola hidatidosa, sekaligus mendorong penelitian lebih lanjut di bidang ini.
Tinjauan Solusio Plasenta
Authors: Astuti Pebta , Tamara Dhea , Sutanti  , Salma
Published: January 2025

Solusio plasenta pada pasien dengan plasenta previa merupakan kondisi yang jarang terjadi, tetapi plasenta previa dapat menjadi salah satu faktor risiko utama terjadinya komplikasi ini. Solusio plasenta dan plasenta previa dapat dibedakan secara klinis melalui gejala yang muncul. Solusio plasenta biasanya disertai nyeri abdomen, sedangkan plasenta previa jarang menimbulkan nyeri. Faktor lain seperti pre-eklampsia dan eklampsia juga diketahui meningkatkan risiko terjadinya solusio plasenta. Meskipun ultrasonografi (USG) menjadi metode utama dalam mendukung diagnosis, keterbatasannya dalam mendeteksi solusio plasenta dapat menyulitkan proses evaluasi klinis. Solusio plasenta merupakan kegawatdaruratan obstetri yang memerlukan penanganan cepat dan tepat karena berisiko terhadap ibu dan janin. Pendekatan multidisiplin yang melibatkan diagnosis dini, intervensi bedah seperti sectio caesarea, serta teknik hemostasis seperti kompresi B-Lynch menjadi kunci dalam mengurangi morbiditas dan mortalitas.
Barthes on Writing and Authorship: A Polemical Précis
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines-Manila, Rivas Virgilio
Published: January 2025

In this paper we will try to revisit Barthes’ brief essay ‘Authors and Writers’ by way of reopening the essay’s proximity to some of the most important theorists of our time, such as Walter Benjamin, Michel Foucault and Jacques Derrida, and most especially, Mikhail Bakhtin whose individual writings on issues of language, translation, etc., to cite a few, mesh without conceptual and analytical difficulty. Their insightful provocations are known for their shared intuitive trajectories which altogether radicalize the concept of the writing craft and its complicated relation to the traditional conception of the author. Their writings carve out a common diacritical space in which, to place the centrality of Barthes in this paper, a kind of circuitousness in writing, or rather, writing around writing, similarly, a strategy intrinsic to autobiographical work, takes the reader to an affirmation of the redemptive potential of involution, ambiguity, and paradoxicality.
Good Governance: The UNP Experience
Authors:   University of Northern Philippines, Agustin Antonio
Published: January 2025

Maximization and wise use of financial resources in the University of Northern Philippines is undeniably critical to its operation. Greater and better quality of outputs are derived and the university become doubly productive. The objective of this paper is to describe the development and management of infrastructure projects in UNP with emphasis on the allocation and utilization of financial resources for such projects. The study covers all infrastructure projects implemented under the administration of its president, Dr. Gilbert R. Arce in his attempt to make the university “A Global University Anchored on Excellence.” As part of the 10 Governance Initiatives of Pres. Gilbert R. Arce to attain Quality and Excellence, prioritization expenditures shall govern spending and judicious utilization of resources shall be ensured. Consultation and empowerment shall guide the process of policy formulation. As such, leadership with good governance shall be guided by the principle of transparency, responsiveness, consensus orientation, equity, economy, effectiveness and efficiency, accountability and strategic vision. The University of Northern Philippines’ good governance is epitomized by predictable, open, and enlightened policy making institution imbued with a professional ethos acting in furtherance of the public good, the rule of law, and transparent process. This paper utilized the qualitative method of research and made use of the Program Project Management Plan, Annual Procurement Plan, Bids and Awards Committee documents and information, and data provided by the Directors of the University Planning Office, Finance Services Division, and Infrastructure Planning and Development Office of the University.
Predicting Antenatal Care Utilization in the Philippines: A Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detector Analysis
Authors:   Samar State University, Labid Sherrie Ann
Published: January 2025

Complications associated with pregnancy and childbirth are still considered as leading causes of deaths in the reproductive age group of women in many developing countries. This problem may be addressed when pregnant women utilize antenatal care services. However, despite the benefits of this service to the mother and child, it is not fully utilized in the Philippines. Using the 2013 National Demographic and Health Survey, an exhaustive chi-squared automatic interaction detector model- a data mining approach was employed to analyze the predictors of antenatal care (ANC) utilization of reproductive women age 15 to 49 in the Philippines. Findings reveal that the most significant predictor of ANC utilization was the region where a woman resides. Women who were living in NCR, CAR, Ilocos Region, Cagayan Valley, Central Luzon, CALABARZON, Bicol, Western and Central Visayas, Davao and Caraga had the highest likelihood of utilizing ANC than those who lived in MIMAROPA, Eastern Visayas, Zamboanga, Northern Mindanao and SOCCSKSARGEN with the lowest in ARRM. The second most influential factor is the woman’s religious affiliation. If a woman is a Muslim, her utilization is lower than a Christian, regardless of what her socio-economic status is or in what wealth quintile she belongs. The result further shows that wealth quintile and educational attainment are also significant predictors. Policy makers and health providers should intensify their efforts to address differentials between these groups of women and to widen the campaign of at least four antenatal visits during pregnancy as a requirement in all parts of the country.
Million People March Against Pork Barrel: From Potentiality to Actuality
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines, Viray Kriztine
Published: January 2025

In this essay, I endeavor to ask how virtual reality becomes a public space for advocacies and a venue for crowd mobilization in the Philippines. I particularly analyze the Million People March (MPM) against pork barrel, which happened on August 26, 2013 at Luneta Park in Manila. I also discuss how micro-blogging sites (facebook and twitter) on the cyberspace stirred up the event even before becoming a physical and material event. I try to use the concepts of public sphere introduced by Jurgen Habermas (1989) and as expanded by Lincoln Dahlberg (2007) as cyberpublic, and as virtuality by Hayles and Deleuze (as quoted in A. de Souza e Silva & Sutko, 2011). I also discuss the limitations and constraints to the participative and democratic potentials of blogosphere as explained by Cammaerst (2008).
Psychological Attributes, Stressors, and Coping of Older Adults Teaching in Selected State Universities in Manila, Philippines
Authors:   Polytechnic University of the Philippines, De Jose Elmer
Published: January 2025

This paper examined the psychological attributes of older adults ranging from 55 years old and above who teach in selected state universities in Manila, Philippines. Psychological attributes, in this study, include self concept, and their perception about the changes in their bodily, cognitive, and social attributes. Two hundred six (206) pre-retirees (55 to 64 years old) and retirees (65 years old and above) participated in the study. Results revealed that the older adults described themselves as generally friendly and generous, feel secured and competent, assertive, emotionally strong, and are contented and happy about life. They graciously acknowledged the changes in the physical, physiological, cognitive, and social attributes concomitant with aging. The stressors experienced by some of them within the last two years include: bereavement stressors—death of spouse, death of a family member and a close friend; family-related stressors —separation with child, and serious illness/injury of a family member; and work-related stressors—conflict with superiors and/or subordinates, and major career changes. Few have disclosed having experienced incidence of physical and verbal assaults, and financial exploitation. Various spiritual, cognitive, and social support mechanisms were resorted to by the respondents to cope with the experienced changes and stressful events. Implications for practice and research were discussed.
Glass Ceiling and the Aspirations of Lady CPAs in Public and Private Organizations
Authors:   Rizal Technological University, Herrero Carmen , Marasigan Rowell ,   Rizal Technological University, Magsino Renilda ,   Rizal Technological University
Published: January 2025

This feminist qualitative research that made use of exponential non-discriminative snow-ball sampling was conducted using “open-ended questions on questionnaire” to explore the deeper insights of women Certified Public Accountants (CPAs) in private and public offices.

The themes that emerged from the data collected include: 1) confidentiality in pay that reduces transparency in determining level in the organizational hierarchy, 2) confidence and assertiveness of lady CPAs could contribute to professional skepticism which is crucial in detecting fraud and errors, and 3) flexible working hours not enjoyed. It was also confirmed that programs and policies for the well-being of women employees are available and in place, both in private and public organizations. Another issue that emerged is that the theory of glass ceiling still exists after a long time since it was first introduced. Aspirations and dreams of lady CPAs are varied, ranging from trivial to significant. The significant aspirations include hopes for gender and leadership diversity, mentoring, and mobility.
The Struggle Over Race, Class, Nationality & Gender: Social Dynamics and United Front Politics in Carlos Bulosan’s America is in the Heart
Authors:   University of Connecticut, San Juan Epifanio
Published: January 2025

Deploying a historical-materialist perspective, this essay analyzes the intersection of various thematic strands in the text of Bulosan ‘s masterpiece, America is in the Heart. The result is that novel is not just an immigrant narrative of success, but an acute dramatic rending of the class-racial struggle of Filipinos for national self-determination translated into the united-front politics of the Depression and the years before World War II. This unorthodox interpretation challenges the hegemonic appraisal of the novel that sanitizes its radical politics.
A REVIEW ON NANOTECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING NIGELLA SATIVA
Authors: Perveen Fiza , Farmn Ullah  , Assad Rehman  , Haidar Zaman  , Waseem Abbas  , Muhammad Khan  , Muhammad Bilal  , Abbas Khan
Published: January 2025

Background: Nanotechnology has revolutionized modern science by enabling the synthesis of nanoparticles with unique physicochemical properties. Among these advancements, green synthesis using plant-based resources has gained significant attention for being eco-friendly and cost-effective. Nigella sativa (black seed), known for its rich bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenolics, has traditionally been used for treating various ailments.
Body: This review focuses on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using Nigella sativa as a nanotechnology-driven resource. The process leverages plant extracts to produce AgNPs, showcasing reduced toxicity and environmental impact compared to conventional physical and chemical methods. Key topics include the historical evolution of nanotechnology, top-down and bottom-up synthesis approaches, and the superior antimicrobial and biomedical applications of AgNPs due to their high surface area to volume ratio. The potential of N. sativa in producing nanomaterials highlights its importance in sustainable nanotechnology for diagnostics, antimicrobial therapies, and other applications.
Conclusion: The incorporation of nanotechnology and green synthesis has positioned Nigella sativa as a promising resource for environmentally safe and biocompatible nanoparticle synthesis. Its role in modern science underscores its potential in addressing global challenges in medicine and environmental management.
The impact of the India-Pakistan dispute on environment strategies in Afghanistan
Authors: Ali Hassan
Published: January 2025

Indian and Pakistani ongoing rivalry because of historical grievances with territorial disputes creates major effects on how Afghanistan handles environmental policies and sustains regional cooperation structure. Analysis investigates the ramifications of this competitive relationship because of its influence on Afghanistan's ability to handle essential ecological issues including water scarcity and forest destruction and climate modification. According to Realism along with Complex Interdependence Theory the research demonstrates that regional collaboration remains suppressed because security issues along with power-based politics take priority. Strategic competition supersedes collaborative endeavors since the Kabul River Basin demonstrates shared resources create tools for strategic contestation. Indian investments in Afghan infrastructure particularly water and energy infrastructure provoke Pakistani concerns about threats which damage trust and destabilize relations. Foreign aid dependency disempowers Afghanistan from creating independent environmental strategies while simultaneously disempowering its ability to take control of its governance. The study demonstrates how regional nations require political agreements to advance coherent environmental governance through cooperative alliances instead of adversarial relationships. The absence of trust and collaboration will preserve Afghanistan's ecological decline and developmental underdevelopment and restrict sustainable advancement opportunities throughout South Asia.
Introducción al derecho cultural
Authors: Flores Déleon Erika
Published: January 2025

En Introducción al Derecho Cultural, la autora expone los más relevantes principios jurídico-dogmáticos para la cabal comprensión, estudio, regulación e implementación apropiada del Derecho Cultural, entendido como parte inherente al sistema universal de los derechos humanos y, por ende, vertebrado bajo los principios sobre los que se rigen. Particularmente, hacemos énfasis en el principio de indivisibilidad, ya que, el Derecho Cultural entendido como sistema normativo, implica, inexorablemente, un punto de inflexión en la Ciencia Jurídica.

A través de los principios expuestos, observamos una vanguardista manera de conceptualizar y teorizar la materia cultural. Ésta, asimismo, acciona cambios sustantivos e irreversibles en los años venideros, en pro de las generaciones tanto presentes como futuras, en todos y cada uno de los países que reconocen los derechos humanos como fuente de legitimación del poder, en aras de iniciar un proceso de transformación, tanto académica, jurídica, política, económica, social e institucional, en aras hacer plenamente eficaces, efectivos, exigibles y justiciables, el goce de los derechos culturales.

“Lecciones de Derecho Cultural” se posiciona como la primera colección en la materia en donde especialistas estudiosos del tema expondrán, no sólo cuestiones teóricas fundamentales, sino también la problemática jurídica actual que se adolece en diversos países del orbe.
La sustitución empresarial de trabajadores huelguistas
Authors: Valle Muñoz Francisco Andrés
Published: January 2025

Nuestro ordenamiento jurídico, y concretamente el artículo 6.5 del Real Decreto Ley 17/1977 sobre Relaciones de Trabajo, prohíbe al empresario sustituir a los trabajadores huelguistas por otros de nueva contratación y no vinculados a la empresa en el momento de convocarse la huelga, en lo que comúnmente se conoce como “esquirolaje” externo. Esta materia ha sido abordada tanto por la doctrina científica como por la jurisprudencia constitucional y ordinaria que también ha prohibido al empresario movilizar a otros trabajadores de la empresa para sustituir a los huelguistas (“esquirolaje” interno) y ha mantenido posiciones contradictorias respecto al uso de los medios técnicos para mantener la actividad productiva durante la huelga (“esquirolaje” tecnológico). A la espera de una futura Ley Orgánica Reguladora del derecho de huelga, se trata ésta de una materia que expresa el conflicto existente entre dos derechos constitucionales: la libertad de empresa y el derecho de huelga, conflicto que debe resolverse dando preferencia al ejercicio del derecho fundamental de huelga, con el fin de garantizar su eficacia.
ION-INDUCED ELECTRON EMISSION FROM THE CARBON TARGETS
Authors: Qayyum A. , Ahmad W. , Mahmood M. I.
Published: January 2025

We describe characteristics and operation of a secondary electron detector geometry, which is recently developed for measuring the ion-induced total electron emission yield, ï§, and kinetic energy distribution of electrons released from solid targets. This setup has been successfully applied to measure Î³ of a carbon target bombarded with 1-10 keV singly charged ions Ne+ and Ar+. It was observed that in investigated energy range ï§ increases with the ion energy and mass. Moreover, the expected proportionality between ï§ and electronic stopping power was found. The detector geometry is relatively simple and is suitable for measurements over wide range of ion energies and target materials. PACS: 34.50.Dy; 79.20. Rf
YIELD OF SOYBEAN CULTIVARS AS AFFECTED BY PLANTING DATE UNDER PESHAWAR VALLY CONDITIONS
Authors: Khan A. Z. , Shah P. , Khalil S. K. , Ahmad B.
Published: January 2025

Soybean cultivars Epps (MG-V) and Williams 82 (MG-111) were planted on four dates from May to August at one month interval at Malakhandher Farm, Agricultural University Peshawar. The two yields were regressed on date of sowing to quantify the effect of date of sowing on soybean cultivars. A steady decrease in yield was observed as sowing was delayed from May Ist onward. The yield in Epps decreased at the rate of 58.6 kgha-1 day-1 from May to August and of Williams 82 decreased at the rate of 163.6 kgha-1 day-1delay in sowing. On the average Epps produced 4227 kgha-1 total dry matter yield, where as Williams 82 produced 3451 kgha-1 respectively. Both cultivars gave maximum biological and seed yields in early planting than delay planting. It can be concluded that the two soybean cultivars can be planted during May to avoid drastic reduction in yields under Peshawar valley conditions.
DETERMINATION OF NATURAL AND ARTIFICIAL RADIONUCLIDES IN SEA WATER AND SEDIMENTS OFF GWADAR COAST, ARABIAN SEA
Authors: Akram M. , Qureshi R. M. , Ahmad N. , Solaija T. J. , Mashiatullah A. , Ayub M. A. , Irshad Saima
Published: January 2025

Determination of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra, 228Ra, 40K) and fission fragment (137Cs) in shallow sea water and sediment samples collected from Gwadar coast, Pakistan has been carried out. The activity detected in various sediment samples ranged from 16.9Â±2.1 to 31.7Â±3.2 Bq.kg-1 for 226Ra, 9.8Â±1.2 to 13.3Â±1.2 Bq.kg-1 for 228Ra and 152.4Â±11.4 to 244.4Â±15.7 Bq.kg-1 for 40K. In water samples the activity detected for 40K ranged from 9.3Â±0.8 to 17.5Â±3.0 Bq.l-1. The levels of radioactivity for Gwadar area have been compared with the results published in literature for other regions of the world i.e., Irish sea sediment (226Ra = 23.9 Bq.kg-1, 228Ra = 36.7 Bq.kg-1), Pacific Ocean sediments, (226Ra = 21.4ï‚±1.1 Bq.kg-1), Indian Ocean sediment, (226Ra = 13.8 Bq.kg-1, 228Ra= 26.7 Bq.kg-1, 40K = 297.0 Bq.kg-1) and Bay of Bangal (226Ra = 13.9 to 25.2 Bq.kg-1, 40K = 118.3 to 651.9 Bq.kg-1). The level of 40K for Irish sea water is 11.4 Bq.l-1. The mean values of radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate and effective dose are 58 Bq.kg-1, 27 nGy.h-1 and 0.03 mSv.y-1 respectively. The value of effective dose is much below the level of 1.0 mSv.y-1, for general public based on stochastic effects recommended by International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). As previously no data on radioactivity of coastal environment of Pakistan is available, the data presented here will serve as baseline for radionuclide concentration in seawater and sea sediments of the study area, and will be included in International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEAâ€™s, Asia Pacific Marine Radioactivity Database (ASPAMARD).
BIRTH OF THE NUCLEUS ï€­ 1964
Authors: Durrani S. A.
Published: January 2025

The article describes how Dr I H Usmani, the-then Chairman of the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission (PAEC) threw down the gauntlet, in mid-1963, to the author of this paper â€“ then a young and recently-recruited Director of the Atomic Energy Centre, Lahore â€“ inviting him to be the Founder-Editor of the quarterly journal of the PAEC. The author took up the challenge â€“ and The Nucleus was born in March 1964. The author presents an overview of the philosophy, the overall structure / coverage of topics, the artistic get-up, as well as the composition of the multidisciplinary first Editorial Board of the journal. Reference is also made to the contents of some of the early issues of The Nucleus, edited by the author. The article ends with a description of the evolution to the present-day â€“ more technical â€“ nature of the journal.
DEVELOPMENT OF PHYSICAL SCIENCES PROGRAM AT PINSTECH
Authors: Qureshi I. H.
Published: January 2025

Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, established in 1965 is the premier research institute of PAEC in Physical Sciences. PINSTECH has undergone various phases of development during the last four decades the first decade was devoted to the development of infrastructure and establishment of R&D facilities, whereas the second decade saw both expansion and consolidation of R&D activities. In the second decade high priority was given to the R&D work directed towards technologically oriented goals without discouraging basic and applied research. Therefore, pilot plants were set up for the production of reactor-grade UO2 for fuel fabrication and for the extraction of zirconium from beach sand. A comprehensive program for physical and chemical characterization of materials was started. The expansion of R&D activities and upgradation of facilities continued in the third and fourth decades. Studies on a numbers of projects such as establishment of a miniature neutron source reactor, power upgradation and conversion of the research reactor fuel to low enriched uranium, fabrication of lasers and electro-optical devices, charged particle accelerator etc. have been completed and various new projects have been started. Studies on the corrosion of metals and alloy development, synthesis of special ion-exchange resins, production of radiopharmaceutical cold kits, development of laser land leveller and environmental monitoring constituted important parts of R&D activities. Over the years PINSTECH has made significant contributions in various programs of PAEC and in the international pool of knowledge, which have received both national and international recognition. The Islamic Development Bank, in recognition of its valuable scientific contributions awarded the first prize to PINSTECH in 2002. PINSTECH has played an important role in the development of science and technology in the country. The technical contributions have been made primarily through quality manpower, development of processes and products, specialized services and provision of research environment that encourages innovation.
NUCLEAR KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT AND PRESERVATION: A CASE STUDY OF PAKISTAN
Authors: Khan Shahid Riaz
Published: January 2025

The nuclear knowledge management (NKM) has become a major growing issue in the IAEAâ€Ÿs Agenda. The use of nuclear technology in variety of application related to sustainable development, demands the preservation of nuclear knowledge. In developing countries the use of nuclear technology is much smaller compared to developed world. The nuclear knowledge management situation in the developing countries are not understood clearly. In case of Pakistan, the nuclear technology is being used in many areas of human need. These include energy, agricultural, medical and industrial applications. Also by the end of third decade, the authorities have set target to go for generating electricity through nuclear technology near to 800 MW. NKM is also vital for the new generation to understand the technology from elderâ€Ÿs experiences and through proper knowledge preservation. This could only be done by adopting a proper nuclear knowledge management strategy.
HEAVY MANUFACTURING FACILITIES OF PAKISTAN ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION
Authors: Perwaiz M. Amjad
Published: January 2025

The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission started operation of the first nuclear power plant of the country at Karachi in 1971. The Indian nuclear explosion in 1974 forced the PAEC authorities to strengthen its efforts for indigenous manufacture of spare parts, components and equipment. Scientific and Engineering Services Directorate (SES) was established at Islamabad in 1984 with a mandate to establish infrastructure facilities in design and engineering, fabrication and welding, machining, testing, quality assurance and control, and non-destructive testing to gear up the indigenous manufacturing of mechanical equipment and parts. The SES conceived and constructed two major infra-structure projects, namely, Seamless Tube Plant (STP) at Kundian and Nuclear Equipment Workshop (NEW) Project. The NEW Project comprises The Pakistan Welding Institute (PWI), Islamabad; National Centre for Non-Destructive Testing (NCNDT), Islamabad; Design and Development Division, Islamabad; NEW-II, Karachi, and NEW-III Project, Taxila. The NEW-III Project was primarily planned to produce unique heavy equipment, sophisticated components and complex parts for nuclear set-ups of the PAEC. It was named as Heavy Mechanical Complex-3 (HMC-3) after entering into a Joint Venture Agreement with the State Engineering Corporation, Islamabad. HMC-3 is one of the largest projects in the heavy engineering sector of Pakistan. It can produce a single-piece job weighing up to 320 tons with the existing facilities. Only HMC-3 caters to the national requirements for producing most of the precision and hi-tech components, and heavy and large equipment.
INTERNATIONAL NATHIAGALI SUMMER COLLEGE (INSC) ON PHYSICS AND CONTEMPORARY NEEDS
Authors: Salahudin A. , Awais M. M.
Published: January 2025

International Nathiagali Summer College (INSC) on Physics and Contemporary Needs has been held every year since 1976, without any break, mostly at the scenic hill resorts near Islamabad, Pakistan. The idea of organizing a College at Nathiagali on regular basis came from the distinguished Nobel Laureate, Late Professor Abdus Salam. These colleges are organized regularly by Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, and since 2001, in collaboration with National Centre for Physics, Islamabad. The primary purpose of these Colleges is to break the isolation of the scientists in the developing countries by enabling them to interact with an international faculty and their colleagues from the Third World. The scientific activities of INSC aim at the broad coverage of the topics at the frontiers of knowledge in Physics and allied sciences. During the last thirty years more than 520 eminent scientists including six Nobel Laureates shared their knowledge and experience with nearly 5550 scientists from Pakistan and about 880 scientists from as many as 72 developing countries.
PHYSICAL MASS TRANSFER MODEL AND SCALE-UP DESIGN PROCEDURE FOR AEROBIC BIOREACTORS
Authors: Nawaz Z. , Sheikh N. A. , Khan J. R.
Published: January 2025

The scale-up design procedure based on new physical mass transfer model aerobic bioreactors is developed. This scale-up procedure can be used to determine the disc surface area needed to prevent an oxygen limitation or to obtain a specific degree of treatment. In contrast to the empirical and earliest rotating biological contactors performance model, a major advantage of the physical mass transfer model design is the prediction of the onset of oxygen limiting conditions since it accounts for the fact that low dissolved oxygen concentrations can limit the growth rate of the attached microorganisms.
GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR SOME GINNING AND FIBER CHARACTERISTICS IN UPLAND COTTON
Authors: Abro S. , Kandhro M. M. , Ahmed H. M. , Laghari S. , Kumbhar M.
Published: January 2025

Four varieties viz., Chandi-95, CIM-448, NIAB-Karishma and NIAB-78 were crossed in complete diallel fashion (4 x 4) to determine gene action for ginning out turn percentage (GOT), staple length, micronaire value and lint index. Results demonstrated that GOT % was controlled by complete dominance whereas, staple length, micronaire value and lint index were conditioned by partial dominance type of gene action. Chandi-95 had maximum dominant genes for staple length, micronaire value and lint index, while NIAB-78 had maximum dominant genes for GOT % and lint index. The variety NIAB-Karishma recorded the highest array means for GOT % and micronaire values followed by Chandi-95 and NIAB-78 for staple length and lint index, respectively. Whereas, cross combination NIAB-Karishma x NIAB-78 manifested highest values within array means for GOT%, micronaire value and lint index indicating good potential for the improvement of these characters.
SOL GEL PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF SOLID ELECTROLYTE MATERIAL
Authors: Durrani S. K. , Akhtar J. , Qureshi A. H. , Qazi N. K.
Published: January 2025

The reality that fossil fuels are running out is driving the development of fuel cells. These fuel cells offer attractive and alternative energy sources because of high conversion efficiency, low pollution, light weight, and high power density. In this article, status of fuel cells and ceramic fuel cells have been discussed with particular emphasis on stabilized zirconia widely used as solid electrolyte material in solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) due to its high oxygen ion conductivity. The study is also focused on low cost process for synthesis of 12mol% yttria stabilized zirconia (12YSZ) powder from the zirconia sol prepared by hydrothermal treatment of zirconium nitrate solution with an aqueous electrolyte extraction by organic extractant. The 12YSZ powder found to be pure white crystalline. 12YSZ calcined powder were sintered at 1200ÂºC for 1-6 hours durations. Phase, purity, crystallinity and morphology of 12YSZ were examined by differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. SEM indicated the size range 0.2 - 5 micron. The results revealed that the product material (pellet) can be sintered into uniformly size fine grained ceramic of > 98% theoretical density around 1200oC for 6 hours as compared to the pellet sintered for 1 hour at the same temperature.
SYNTHESIS OF COBALT FERRITE (CoFe2O4) NANOPARTICLES BY CO-PRECIPITATION ROUTE
Authors: Maaz K. , Mashiatullah A. , Qureshi R. M. , Qazi N. K. , Mumtaz A.
Published: January 2025

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles have been synthesized by co-precipitation route in the size range 15-25 nm. The X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses of the samples confirmed the formation of single phase cobalt ferrite (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles. The size of the particles was studied as a function of annealing temperature and annealing time. It was found that the size of nanoparticles increases linearly with annealing temperature and time due to the coalescence process. Magnetic characterization of samples at room temperature includes DC magnetization hysteresis loops (M-H loops), coercivity (HC) and saturation magnetization (MS), confirmed the formation of core shell structure of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Relatively large coercivity at room temperature compared to micro (bulk) CoFe2O4 revealed that Co+2 ions have large effective anisotropy constant (Keff) and strong magnetocrystalline anisotropy in nano-range. Moderate magnetization was observed due to the inert or canted spin layer at the surface of these nanoparticles which prevents the core spins to align along the field direction.
INEXPENSIVE PROTON EXCHANGE MEMBRANE SYNTHESIS BY SULFONATION OF COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE POLYCARBONATE
Authors: Sherazi T. A. , Siddique N. , Kashmiri M. A. , Ahmad S.
Published: January 2025

Commercially available thermoplastic, bisphenol polymer (polycarbonate) was sulfonated with various reagents to introduce sulfonic acid group (SO3H) under optimum conditions. Subsequently modified polymer was studied for its physical and chemical properties needed for its potential use as PEM in Fuel Cells (FCs). Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were performed to confirm the occurrence of sulfonation. Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) and Themogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were used to determine the effects of sulfonation on glass transition temperature (Tg) and thermal stability of modified polymer. The Ion Exchange Capacity (IEC) and Degree of Substitution (DS) of sulfonic acid group were determined using standard procedure. Swelling properties were tested using water soaking. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was utilized to study the morphology of the polymeric membrane both before and after sulfonation. The results reveal that proper controlled sulfonation of bisphenol polymer can be a viable substitute for NAFION owing to its comparable IEC (1.15 meq/g), DS, water uptake (35%), good mechanical properties/ thermal stability and above all low cost of production.
LATENT NUCLEAR TRACKS OR NANOPOROUS RODS: DEFECT STRUCTURE AND DAMAGE REPAIR DURING ANNEALING *M.
Authors: Rana M. A.
Published: January 2025

Experimental results on the subject of defect structure of latent nuclear tracks and their damage repair during annealingin a track detector CR-39 are presented. These results suggest that latent nuclear tracks can be considered asnanoporous rods with nanometre scale pores along the central axis of the cylindrical track. An overview of a modelabout repair of radiation damage in solids is given. Model calculations are compared with experimental results regardingrepair of nuclear track damage in CR-39. A convincing agreement is found between experimental results and modelcalculations. Results and discussion presented here are useful for better interpretation of results from nuclear geologyand cosmic-ray physics experiments.
INFLUENCE OF SALINITY ON UPTAKE RATE AND BIOACCUMULATION OF 137Cs IN THE OYSTER CRASSOSTREA GLOMERATA
Authors: Mashiatullah A. , Qureshi R. M. , Khan S. , Abid J. , Javed T. , Chughtai F. , Akhtar P. , Jabbar A.
Published: January 2025

This paper describes results of experiment on bioaccumulation and uptake rate of radiocesium 137Cs from dissolved phase in the flesh of the Oysters (Crassostrea glomerata) collected off Karachi coast. A radiotracer experiment was conducted under laboratory conditions to determine the uptake rate and bioaccumulation of 137Cs from dissolved phase in the flesh of the Oysters. Oysters (size: 6â€“7 cm) were subjected to radiocesium activity of 24 Kilobecquerel per liter (kBq L-1) under three salinity levels (25, 30 and 35 ppt). The uptake of 137Cs was monitored for a period of seven days. The results showed that bioaccumulation and uptake of 137Cs in oysters were considerably dependent of salinity levels. Higher bioaccumulation factors and uptake rates were found at low salinity levels.
REACTION OF ISONIAZID (INH) WITH RHENIUM (Re) USING DIFFERENT REDUCING AGENTS, CHARACTERIZATION OF COMPLEXES AND X-RAY CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF INH DIMER
Authors: Amir N. , Roohi S. , Pervez S. , Jehangir M. , Miyashita Y.
Published: January 2025

Reactivity of INH with NH4ReO4 was studied using SnCl2â€¢2H2O and NaBH4 as reducing agents. 99mTc labelled INH was also prepared according to the reported procedure for comparison. A complex (1) similar to 99mTc-INH (2) was formed with NH4ReO4 in the presence of SnCl2â€¢2H2O. On the other hand, NaBH4 gave a dimer of INH (3) which was confirmed by x-ray crystallography. The products, 1, 2 and 3 were characterized by HPLC, IR spectra and x-ray crystallography.