bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A guide to improving the e-commerce user interface design
Authors:   , Singh Alveen
Published: June 2021

This study examines the efficiency, ease of use and ease of understanding of user interface designs implemented in current e-commerce websites. Four South African based e-commerce websites formed the test cases of this study. Selection of the test cases was based on the results and conclusions of previous surveys conducted by an independent research institution. The outcome of that survey identified the most popular e-commerce websites among South African internet users.
EDUKASI DAMPAK NEGATIF NAPZA PADA REMAJA DAN SOSIALISASI KESEHATAN JIWA MASYARAKAT PADA KADER DI DESA TAMBUNAN KECAMATAN SALAPIAN KABUPATEN LANGKAT
Authors: Daulay Wardiyah , Wahyuni Sri Eka , Lailan Mahnum , Purba Jenny M
Published: June 2021

Masalah penyalahgunaan narkotika, psikotropika dan zat adiktif  lainnya (NAPZA) atau istilah yang dikenal masyarakat sebagai Narkoba (narkotika dan bahan/obat berbahaya) merupakan masalah yang sangat kompleks yang memerlukan upaya penanggulangan secara komprehensif multidisipliner, multi sektor dan peran serta masyarakat secara aktif yang dilaksanakan secara berkesinambungan, konsekuen dan konsisten. Tingkat pemakaian Napza di masyarakat Kabupaten Langkat yang meningkat, mengharuskan pemerintahan dan dinas kesehatan melakukan antisipasi untuk menekan jumlah pengguna dan penyalahgunaan Napza dimana dampak dari penyalahgunaan tersebut dapat mengakibatkan gangguan kejiwaan. Dari masalah ini dirancang suatu pemecahan masalah yakni melakukan penyuluhan kepada sekolah-sekolah yang beresiko dan penyegaran kader kesehatan terkait kesehatan jiwa di masyarakat.
Laboratory data on wave propagation through vegetation with following and opposing currents
Authors: Hu Zhan , Lian Simei , Wei Huayu , Li Yulong , Stive Marcel , Suzuki Tomohiro
Published: June 2021

Abstract. Coastal vegetation has been increasingly recognized as effective buffer against wind waves. Recent studies have advanced our understanding of wave dissipation process in vegetation (WDV). In intertidal environments, waves commonly propagate into vegetation fields with underlying tidal currents, which may alter WDV, but such influence is often overlooked. The key mechanism of WDV with co-existing currents are understudied, as previous studies have drawn contradictory conclusions on the effect of following currents on WDV. Subsequent laboratory experiments have partly explained the inconsistent conclusions, but relevant data are rarely available for theoretical or modelling development. Additionally, while the vegetation drag coefficient is a key factor influencing WDV, it is rarely reported for combined wave-current flows. This paper reports a unique dataset from two flume experiments, including 668 wave-only and wave with following/opposing current tests. A variety of data including wave height, drag coefficient, in-canopy velocity and acting force on mimic vegetation stem are recorded. This dataset is expected to assist future theoretical advancement on WDV, which may ultimately lead to more accurate prediction of wave dissipation capacity of real coastal wetlands. The dataset is available from figshare (https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.13026530.v2; Hu et al., 2020) with clear instructions for reuse. The current dataset will expand with additional WDV data from ongoing as well as planned future observation in real mangrove wetlands.
TOPLUMSAL ETKİLER BAĞLAMINDA ULUSLARARASI EMEK GÖÇÜ
Authors: AYDIN Gülşen
Published: June 2021

Göç eden bireylerin amacı geçimlerini sağlayabilecek bir iş alanı elde etmek ve yaşamlarını refah bir düzeyde sürdürebilmektir. Dolayısıyla göç olgusunun temelinde ekonomik göstergeler ve istihdam talebi bulunmaktadır. Esnek çalışma biçimlerinin ortaya çıkması ile göçmen iş gücüne duyulan ihtiyaç artmıştır. Bu doğrultuda insan kaynağı talebi uluslararası emek göçünü kabul edilebilir hale getirmektedir. Göç hareketleri başlarda vasıfsız işçilerde görülürken günümüzde nitelikli iş gücüne doğru kaydığı görülmektedir. Nedeni ise, sanayiden hizmet sektörüne olan geçişin artmasıdır. Öte yandan eğitimli ve nitelikli işgücüne istenildiği gibi bir çalışma alanının yaratılmaması gelişmiş ülkelere olan beyin göçünün yaşanmasına sebep olmaktadır. Uluslararası boyutta görülen emek göçünün temel nedenlerinden biri küresel anlamda yaşanan ekonomik eşitsizliklerdir. Bu nedenle göç kapsamında kimi ülkeler hedef ülke olurken kimi ülke de terk edilmeye mahkûm ülke olarak nitelendirilmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu çalışmada uluslararası emek göçü hareketliliği, uluslararası emek göçünün ülkelerin kalkınmasına olan avantaj ve dezavantajları, uluslararası emek göçünün toplumsal etkileri teorik olarak incelenecektir.
WOMEN’S NATIONAL CLOTHING AS A FORM OF THE ART OF THE PEOPLE
Authors: Umarovа Zuhrohon Mirzoturabovna
Published: June 2021

The article presents the invaluable heritage of the culture and traditions of the peoples of Central Asia, which is reflected in their traditional women’s clothing. Women’s clothing of Tajik women combined forms and typical features: cut, decor techniques, way of wearing, which determined its originality until the beginning of the twentieth century. Traditional clothes of Tajik women — mainly consisted of a tunic of a shaped cut of a dress and wide trousers in which color, pattern technique, material, shape and silhouette were combined.
Recurrent ectopic pregnancy on tubal remnant treated by laparoscopic resection: loop and stitch
Authors: Restaino S. , Vidiri A. , Anchora Pedone L. , Finelli A. , Distefano M. , Scambia G.
Published: June 2021

Ectopic pregnancies occur in about 1-2 % of all pregnancies, with a high rate of maternal mortality due to bleeding caused by the rupture of the ectopic pregnancy. Ipsilateral ectopic pregnancy on a tubal remnant after salpingectomy is rare and it is associated with a higher mortality rate when compared to other ectopic pregnancies. Diagnosis and treatment of these pregnancies can be difficult, requiring a multidisciplinary management to plan the best treatment for the patient. The objective of this video is to show the laparoscopic removal of a tubal pregnancy on the stump of a previous salpingectomy with the application of three laparoscopic rings/endoloops® to isolate the tubal portion from the uterus.
Severe psychological impact and impaired quality of life after a spontaneous haemoperitoneum in pregnancy in women with endometriosis and their partners
Authors: Schreurs A.M.F. , LIER M.C.I. , Koning D.B.M. , Brals C.W.A. , De Boer M.A. , Lambalk C.B. , De Wit M. , Mijatovic V.
Published: June 2021

Background: Spontaneous Haemoperitoneum in Pregnancy (SHiP) is a rare, but life-threatening complication of pregnancy that occurs predominantly in the third trimester of pregnancy and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Recently the largest case series in literature was published describing 11 Dutch cases of SHiP in women with endometriosis.
Purpose: To investigate experiences, psychological impact, and quality of life after SHiP.
Methods: A mixed-methods study was performed in women with a history of SHiP and their partners, including all known cases in the Netherlands between 2007 to 2015. Semi-structured in-depth interviews were organized between 2016 and 2017 and analysed thematically with a framework approach. Participants were asked to complete questionnaires investigating the impact of the event (Impact of Event Scale) and Quality of Life (RAND-36).
Results: Out of a total of 11 known cases, 7 women agreed for be individually interviewed. From these, all women described a freeze response at the moment of SHiP, combined with either an anxious reaction or a survival mode mind-set. All women received psychological help after SHiP. Still, the feeling of not being heard by the medical staff was present in all women. Other themes such as postpartum period, bonding with their child, effect on daily life, reviving the event, and future pregnancies were also identified in the interviews. In regard to their partners, 3 were interviewed, hence no saturation was achieved. Finally, the questionnaires showed lower Quality of Life and an impact score of ≥ 8/10.
Conclusion: SHiP had a profound impact on women and their partners. Dedicated psychological help should be offered to all women after experiencing SHiP.
SỰ SẴN SÀNG CUNG CẤP DỊCH VỤ CHĂM SÓC SỨC KHOẺ NGƯỜI CAO TUỔI TẠI CÁC TRẠM Y TẾ
Authors: Nga Nguyen Thi Thuy , Man Van Cong
Published: June 2021

Tuổi thọ tăng là một trong những thành tựu to lớn về phát triển kinh tế - xã hội nói chung và chămsóc sức khỏe nói riêng. Tuy nhiên, già hóa dân số diễn ra với tốc độ nhanh đặt ra thách thức lớn hệthống chăm sóc sức khỏe (CSSK) người cao tuổi (NCT), đặc biệt tuyến y tế cơ sở như các Trạm Ytế. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mô tả sự sẵn sàng cung cấp dịch vụ chăm sóc sức khoẻ người cao tuổi tạitrạm y tế.Nghiên cứu kết hợp giữa định lượng và định tính tại 15 trạm y tế và Trung tâm y tế huyện Cần Đước,tỉnh Long An, Việt Nam.Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy các trạm y tế chưa sẵn sàng cung cấp dịch vụ CSSK người cao tuổi dothiếu nhân lực y tế; chưa đảm bảo về thuốc, trang thiết bị (TTB) để khám sàng lọc, chẩn đoán và điềutrị các bệnh bệnh mạn tính thường gặp ở người cao tuổi (NCT) như: Tăng huyết áp (THA), Đái tháođường (ĐTĐ), Hen phế quả/Phổi tắc nghẽn mãn tính (HPQ/COPD) và ung thư.
Nursing and Midwifery Students’ Attitudes Towards Research: A Descriptive Study
Authors: Busayo Amoo Tumilara , Gbadamosi Oluwatosin
Published: June 2021

Background: Some studies found that nurses are not actively involved in research. To address this issue, it is important to investigate the structure of training that nurses got while at school of nursing. To promote evidence-based practice, nursing and midwifery students must be actively involved in research. Several studies have reported on the attitude of nursing students towards research in different countries. However, no study has assessed attitude of both nursing and midwifery students towards research in Nigeria, using a valid and reliable measure- attitude towards research scale. Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess diploma nursing and midwifery students’ attitude towards research, and their participation in research-related activities. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional design was used to conduct the study, where 91 nursing and midwifery students who were purposively selected, provided data for the study. Students in graduating classes were included in the study. Papanastasiou’s (2005) Attitude Towards Research scale questionnaire was adopted and used to collect data from participants. Ethical approvals were received from research ethics committee at School of Nursing Ilaro and research ethics committees at other participating institutions. Results: Majority of participants were females, and nursing students. Most participants agreed that research was useful in their career. However, they perceived research to be stressful, complicated, difficult and a complex subject. About 63% of participants had positive attitude towards research while 37% have negative attitude. Nonetheless, only 39% participated in research-related activities. Conclusions: Students’ participation in research-related activities was low. Nursing and midwifery faculties should adopt measures including research workshops, seminars, and conferences to improve student participation in research.
Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) on Antenatal Assessment among Nursing students
Authors: S Vijayalakshmi. , K Deiva , B.V Kathyayani
Published: June 2021

Background: The assessment of knowledge and skills plays an important part in student nurse’s progression because they need to demonstrate competency and confidence in the performance of clinical skills. OSCE has been recognized as the most reliable method for evaluation of clinical skills among Nursing students. The study aims to assess the effectiveness of OSCE on antenatal assessment among nursing students. Methods: An experimental approach with post-test only design was used to select 60 IV Year BSc Nursing students. They were selected by using a simple random sampling method. 30 were in the experimental group received planned teaching program on antenatal assessment and evaluated by OSCE, 30 were in the control group received traditional method of teaching on antenatal assessment and evaluated by traditional clinical evaluation (TCE). An observational checklist and the opinionnaire on the usefulness of OSCE were used to collect the data. Results: Average marks scored by the students who are evaluated by OSCE (21.96±1.44) were higher as compared to traditional clinical evaluation scoring (14.93±2.75) which was statistically significant (p< 0.001) Most of the students gave positive feedback on OSCE. Conclusion: Learning in the nursing clinical area gives present reality to nursing students to build up the information, abilities, dispositions, and skills. OSCE is an important, reasonable, helpful and acceptable method for assessing student’s clinical performance due to different positive particulars. The study concluded that OSCE was an effective method to evaluate the clinical skills of nursing students on antenatal examination.
Knowledge on Simulation based learning in Nursing Education among Nursing Fraternity in selected Nursing Institutions of India
Authors: Sengupta Manashi , Tungoe Lireni C.
Published: June 2021

Simulation based nursing education is a good approach implemented in nursing education to provide students with varied opportunities to practice their clinical skills before they are expose to the real patient. Simulation in nursing education is used to teach learners concepts relating to the care of patients who are either sick or infirm. Through the replication of real-world nursing scenarios and experiences, learners can practice the skills necessary to succeed in the field, without ever putting a real life patient at risk. The investigators adopted a quantitative research design to provide a deep and broad understanding on simulation based nursing education through two days virtual training session. A total of 203 nurses were selected using convenient sampling technique. Post test was conducted at the end of the training session and feedback about the training session was taken from each participants. Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaire through Google form. Data was analysed using descriptive research design. This study was carried out to assess the knowledge of Nurses towards simulation based learning in nursing education. Majority of the sample had score good knowledge regarding simulation in nursing education and excellent feedback on training was received from the participants. Simulation based education in nursing education is very helpful as it bridge the gap between theory and practical through innovative teaching learning process. It creates interest to the teacher as well as the learner. Students get to practice their procedure in those standardized patient before they actually practice with the patients.
Manajemen Perawatan Masjid Baitul Hakam Pelindo III Perak Surabaya
Authors: Qisom Shobikhul , Ekasila Wahyu Firman , Masrukan Fathurrahman
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTBaitul Hakam Pelindo III mosque is an asset of a Pelindo Company, the management of maintainance of this mosque, including the the maintenance of the park with its cleanliness, the cleanliness of wudhu area, toilet and the cleanliness of the main area of the mosque. The process of maintaining activities are written in SOP, however the official are divided into two devisions, namely: internal and external official. The external official is the cleaning servicer from BSI, so the cleanliness of the mosque could be mainly devided into two, from the mosque and BSI. The aims of this research are to explain the management of maintenance of Hakam Pelindo III Surabaya mosque,Â  explain and give data about facilities are in Baitul Hakam mosque and inform the budget of maintananceÂ  Baitul Hakam. The method of this research is qualitative with descriptive approach. The results of this research on the management of maintance Baitul Hakam mosque are to : explain the management of maintance if Baitul Hakam from management approach generally and explain the activities ofÂ  maintaining abaitul Hakam, the explain the various facilities and its maintance. The final is to explain the sum of budget that is used for maintaining Baitul Hakam Pelindo mosque.ABSTRAKMasjid Baitul Hakam Pelindo III Surabaya adalah aset dari perusahaan Pelindo III Surabaya, manajemen perawatan di masjid ini meliputi perawatan taman beserta kebersihannya, kebersihan tempat wudhu dan toilet dan kebersihan ruang utama masjid aktivitas perawatan tertulis dalam Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) namun pegawai masjid terbagi dua yaitu dari pegawai internal dan pegawai eksternal, pegawai eksternal masjid yaitu cleaning servis dari BSI (Best Servis Indonesia) karena itu SOP kebersihan terbagi menjadi dua juga dari masjid dan dari BSI. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah dapat memaparkan manajemen perawatan masjid Baitul Hakam Pelindo III Surabaya, menjelaskan dan memberi data fasilitas yang ada di masjid Baitul Hakam dan menginformasikan anggaran perawatan masjid Baitul Hakam. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian manajemen perawatan masjid Baitul Hakam adalah menjelaskan manajemen perawatan masjid Baitul Hakam dariÂ  sisi manajemen secara umum dan menjelaskan aktivitas perawatan di masjid Baitul Hakam surabaya, kemudian menjelaskan ragam fasilitas serta pengelolaannya terakhir menjelaskan total anggaran yang dikeluarkan masjid dari perawatan tersebut.
Pengelolaan Fasilitas Di Ruang Utama Masjid Al Falah Surabaya
Authors: Wibowo Hari Santoso , Ramandana Bima , Bramayudha Airlangga
Published: June 2021

ABSTRACTThe formulation of the problem is: 1. How is the management of utilization of facilities in the main room of Al-Falah Mosque Jl. Raya Darmo Surabaya? 2. How is the management of facility maintenance in the main room of Al-Falah Mosque Jl. Raya Darmo Surabaya? The research method used in this research that the authors take is a descriptive qualitative method. Research management of the main room facilities of Al-Falah Mosque Jl. Raya Darmo Surabaya is located on Jl. Raya Darmo No. 137A, Darmo, Wonokromo, Surabaya City, East Java 60264 Surabaya.The research approach used is descriptive quantitative research, because descriptive quantitative research is very appropriate to know and examine the management of the main room facilities of Al-Falah Mosque in Surabaya. And data sources taken using primary data sources and secondary data sources. The results of this study are: 1. Al-Falah Mosque Surabaya prioritizes management in maintaining the stability of worship by utilizing the facilities in the main room of the mosque, 2. Overall, the conclusion is that the management of utilization and maintenance of facilities in the main room of Al-Falah Mosque in Surabaya is very concerned and maximally utilized with a variety of religious and social activities and hospitality from the administrators and the mosque's facilities and infrastructure to become the mosque which is very crowded and visited by worshipers.Adapun rumusan masalahnya: 1. Bagaimana manajemen pemanfaatan fasilitas di ruang utama Masjid Al-Falah jl. Raya Darmo Surabaya? 2. Bagaimana manajemen pemeliharaan fasilitas di ruang utama Masjid Al-Falah jl. Raya Darmo Surabaya?. Adapun Metode Penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian ini metode yang penulis ambil adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif. Penelitian Manajemen Fasilitas di Ruang Utama Masjid Al Falah jl. Raya Darmo Surabaya berlokasi di Jl. Raya Darmo no.137A, Darmo, Wonokromo, Kota Surabaya, Jawa Timur 60264 Surabaya. Pendekatan Penelitian yang digunakan adalah menggunakan penelitian kualitatif deskriptif, karena peneltian kualitatif deskriptif sangat tepat untuk mengetahui dan meneliti Manajemen Fasilitas di Ruang Utama Masjid Al Falah Surabaya. Dan sumber data yang diambil menggunakan sumber data primer dan sumber data skunder. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1. Masjid Al-Falah Surabaya sangat mengutamakan manajemen dalam menjaga kestabilan ibadah dengan memanfaatkan fasilitas di ruang utama masjid tersebut, 2. Secara keseluruhan kesimpulannya ialah bahwa manajemen pemanfaatan dan pemeliharaan fasilitas di ruang utama Masjid Al-Falah Surabaya sangat diperhatikan dan dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dengan berbagai kegiatan keagamaan maupun sosial serta keramahan dari para pengurus dan bagian sarana dan prasarana masjid menjadikan masjid tersebut sangat ramai dikunjungi dan didatangi oleh jamaâ€™ah.
Implementasi Strategi Pemasaran dalam Meningkatkan Daya Tarik Program Masjid ( Studi Kasus Masjid Ar-Rahmah Surabaya)
Authors: Thoha Ahmad Faiz Khudlari
Published: June 2021

One of the functions of the mosque in Rasulullah period was as a place to study or as an education place of Muslims. Masjid Ar-Rahmah is one of the mosques that have implemented the function with the presence of several institutions and activities such as Madinah, Makkah, AQSHA, and MQM. The researcher has a desire for what has been implemented by Ar-rahmah, which other mosques can imitate it. So that, the mosque can return to being the centre of education as it was in the Rasulullah period. This research used a case study qualitative approach which the data collection techniques were obtained from observation, interview, and document analysis. The respondent in this research was the leader of Takmir, program manager, Madinah coordinator and lecturer,MQM committee, Student guardian of Madinah and MQM, and students of Madinah and MQM. Besides, in this study, the researcher used the theory of religious marketing which measures developed by A.V. Angheluta, et al. That conducted and modified with social marketing concept by Kolter in Principle of marketing consist of five steps.In the end, the result of this study used the strategy which carried out by the Ar-Rahmah Mosque; first, by analysing the state of the environment and society needs. Secondly, designing a strategy that suits the circumstances of the consumer. Thirdly, building an integrated marketing program for consumers. Fourth, building beneficial and pleasant relationships with society. And fifth, benefiting from society.Salah satu fungsi masjid yang ada di masa Rasululloh adalah sebagai tempat menuntut ilmu, atau masjid berfungsi sebagai tempat pendidikan kaum muslimin. Masjid Ar-Rahmah adalah salah satu masjid yang sudah menerapkan fungsi ini dengan adanya beberapa lembaga dan kegiatan seperti Madinah, Makkah, AQSHA, dan MQM. Peneliti mempunyai keinginan agar apa yang sudah dilakukan Masjid Ar-Rahmah ini bisa ditiru oleh masjid-masjid lainnya sehingga masjid bisa kembali menjadi pusat pendidikan sebagaimana yang ada pada masa Rasululloh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Informan dalam penelitian ini adalah Ketua Takmir, Manajer Program, Koordinator dan Pengajar Madinah, Panitia MQM, Wali Santri Madinah dan MQM, Santri Madinah dan MQM. Dalam penelitian ini peneliti menggunakan teori langkah-langkah pemasaran agama yang dikembangkan oleh A. V. Angheluta, dkk yang mengadopsi dan memodifikasi konsep pemasaran sosial yang dikembangkan oleh Kotler dalam bukunya principle of marketing yang terdiri dari lima langkah. Strategi yang dilakukan Masjid Ar-Rahmah adalah pertama dengan menganalisa keadaan lingkungan dan kebutuhan masyarakat, kedua merancang strategi yang sesuai dengan keadaan konsumen, ketiga membangun program pemasaran yang terpadu untuk konsumen, keempat membangun hubungan yang menguntungkan dan menyenangkan dengan masyarakat dan kelima meraih manfaat dari masyarakat.
Analisis pengaruh sektor pertanian dan sektor perdagangan terhadap produk domestik regional bruto Kabupaten Magelang
Authors: Wahyuningtias Agesti Duwi
Published: June 2021

Gross regional domestic product as a measuring tool for the success of economic development has a significant influence in planning to increase the potential income. Magelang regency is one of them, which has a sector of agriculture and trade that has not been optimized, including the direction of economic policies that are often inconsistent. This study aims to determine the effect of the agricultural sector and the trade sector on the gross regional domestic product of the Magelang Regency. This research is quantitative type research with multiple linear regression analysis methods. Using secondary data published by BPS Magelang Regency 2010-2017. Based on the research results, it is found that simultaneously the agricultural sector and the trade sector influence GRDP, while partially that affects, namely the trade sector, while the agricultural sector has no.
Supply chain collaborative : revue de littérature des attributs de caractérisation des relations dyadiques
Authors: DERROUICHE R. , NEUBERT Gilles
Published: June 2021

L’analyse et la caractérisation des relations qui se sont développées dans les chaînes logistiques collaboratives font l’objet d’une littérature abondante. Nous proposons dans cet article une analyse détaillée et pluridisciplinaire des principaux travaux de recherche dans ce domaine. Nous abordons cette littérature de deux manières complémentaires. Tout d’abord, nous l’analysons par rapport aux cadres et approches proposés en nous intéressant plus particulièrement à la problématique traitée, aux attributs utilisés, au contexte d’application, ainsi qu’aux principaux résultats et à la méthodologie adoptée. Ensuite, nous proposons un focus par rapport à chacun des attributs identifiés dans la littérature en explorant,  sa définition, son domaine d’utilisation et les différents travaux qui l’ont utilisé. Enfin, en nous basant sur cette étude, nous proposons une première ébauche d’un cadre d’analyse et de caractérisation des relations dyadiques, basé sur la création de valeur.
The “Four Nations of Indians Upon the Susquehanna”: Mid-Atlantic Murder, Diplomacy, and Political Identity, 1717–1723
Authors: Newman Paul Douglas
Published: June 2021

In the wake of the first murder of an Indian by two Pennsylvania colonists in 1722, the Delaware (Lenape), Shawnee, Conoy (Piscataway), and Conestoga (Susquehannock/Mingo) Indians engineered a confederated diplomatic and political identity to defend their homeland. They styled themselves the “Four Nations of Indians upon the Susquehanna” to counteract the “Covenant Chain” devised by the Iroquois and colonial governments. Anthropologists have identified “ethno-genesis” wherein peoples from multiple Indian cultures wracked by epidemics intertwined to form wholly new cultures and nations. This, however, is a story of “politico-genesis.” These four nations retained their individual languages and governing structures while living in multinational or adjacent towns and joined together to present a single diplomatic voice to the English government and the Iroquois League who sought to control them. This was an early and significant attempt at political and diplomatic confederation that Indian peoples would employ in centuries to follow.
Evaluation of hepatotoxicity effect of methanol leave extract of Gongronema latifolium in Albino rats
Authors: Omodamiro O.D.  , Alaebo P.O.  , Olukotun B.G.  , Chikezie P.C.
Published: June 2021

Gongronema latifolium is highly medicinal in nature. The fundamental ingredients used for medicinal purposes are stored in the various parts of the plant such as the fruits, seeds, leaves, root and stem. This present study is aimed to evaluate the hepatotoxicity effect of methanolic leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium on albino rats. This study was divided into five groups normal control groups: received commercial rat feed and water, group 2: received 1000 mg/kg b.w. of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium, group 3: received 500 mg/kg b.w of leaf extract of G. latifolium, group 4; received 250 mg/kg of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium, and group 5: received 125mg/kg of leaf extract of Gongronema latifolium. The result shows a significant (p<0.05) increase in serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total and conjugate bilirubin when compared to the normal control not giving the extract. Administration graded dosage of 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg body weight significantly (p<0.05) increased the liver damage marker enzymes when compared with groups that received low dosage of 250mg/kg and 125mg/kg body weight and the normal control groups. The histopathological study revealed severe portal inflammation without steatosis and moderate portal inflammation in groups that received 1000mg/kg and 500mg/kg. Therefore, these results suggested that methanol leaf extracts of Gongronema latifolium possess hepatotoxic properties and strict caution must be observed when using the plant extract as a natural remedy of any disease.
Applying a ten-step framework as a strategy for implementing a guideline on emotional support for preschool-aged children in day-surgery nursing
Authors: Melender Hanna-Leena , Pirkola Salla , Imppola Kaisa , Ahonen Helinä , Seppelin Saija
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this clinical practice guideline implementation effort was to put into practice a Finnish nursing guideline on emotional support for preschool-aged children in day-surgery nursing for nurses at a day-surgery unit. The strategy was to use a 10-step framework in the implementation process. In this brief article, the strategy and the outcomes of the guideline implementation effort are described.
We need to talk to Martha
Authors: Vonk M.J. , Ruitenberg G.C.A.M.
Published: June 2021

We need to talk to Martha

In this article you will be introduced to Martha. Martha will turn eighteen in a couple of weeks and is afraid of losing her foster family when she becomes an adult (I). You will be taken on a journey through the Dutch child protection system and recent research on the desirability of forging an additional legal instrument, such as the introduction of simple adoption, for children like Martha and her two families. The following questions will be answered: How do children like Martha end up in a foster family (II)? Who is responsible or who makes decisions about Martha’s care and future and what problems may occur? Five possible situations in long-term foster care will be discussed in this context on the basis of current law and research (III). Would simple adoption (eenvoudige adoptie) solve some of the problems discussed in the earlier section and thus be a feasible and desirable option for long-term foster children and their foster parents (IV)? At the end of this journey you will be invited to take a brief glance into the future in the hope that Martha’s voice will be heard (V).

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In dit artikel stellen we u voor aan Martha. Martha wordt over een paar weken achttien en is bang haar pleeggezin kwijt te raken als ze meerderjarig wordt. Aan de hand van het verhaal van Martha nemen we u mee op een reis langs het Nederlandse jeugdbeschermingsstelstel en langs recent onderzoek naar de wenselijkheid van de introductie van een nieuwe juridische mogelijkheid waarmee een band tussen Martha en haar beide families kan worden gevestigd: eenvoudige adoptie. De volgende vragen worden daarbij beantwoord: Hoe komen kinderen zoals Martha in een pleeggezin terecht? Wie is verantwoordelijk voor of mag beslissingen nemen over Martha’s opvoeding en toekomst en wat voor problemen kunnen zich daarbij voordoen? Zou eenvoudige adoptie een oplossing bieden voor een aantal van de problemen die worden besproken en daarmee een wenselijke oplossing zijn voor langdurige pleegkinderen en hun pleeggezinnen? Aan het einde van deze reis werpen we een korte blik op de toekomst in de hoop dat de stem van Martha gehoord zal worden.
Urban forestry research needs identified by Canadian municipalities
Authors: Larouche Jacques , Rioux Danny , Bardekjian Adrina C. , Gélinas Nancy
Published: June 2021

At a time when the future of our planet remains fraught with uncertainty, interest in the state and role of forests, especially in urban settings, is growing rapidly. Our project, based on a Canada-wide survey, identifies the research needs of 192 municipalities of 5000 inhabitants or more, and verifies whether the size of the municipality, the region or the canopy have an impact on these needs. The numerous needs identified by municipalities show that there is a strong demand for research in this area. In particular, municipalities want to know: a) which tree species are better adapted to urban settings; b) the effects of trees on rainwater runoff and on human health; and c) that more studies be conducted on topics such as trees and infrastructure, on hazardous trees, on invasive plant species, and on various tree pests. Our analysis reveals that small municipalities are less interested in certain needs than larger municipalities, and that municipalities in the Maritimes region show more interest in certain topics than those in other Canadian regions. Results also reveal that urban forest canopy size has no influence on the identified needs. This study allows researchers to better define their projects, and it highlights the importance of improving knowledge exchange with and among key stakeholders in cities actively pursuing and interested in urban forestry activities.
Federalismo fiscal, autonomia financeira e cooperação federativa: um olhar sobre a possibilidade de instituição de um imposto sobre o valor agregado no Brasil a partir das consequências do "poder de não tributar"
Authors: Clemente Morais Maria Laura , Rosa de Mello Elizabete
Published: June 2021

Discute-se, há muito, a necessidade de uma alteração substancial no Sistema Tributário Nacional. Dentre as propostas de reforma, destaca-se a instituição de um imposto único sobre o consumo nos moldes de um imposto sobre o valor agregado (IVA), à qual parte da doutrina resiste, em virtude da crença de que tal medida violaria o pacto federativo ao promover uma concentração da competência tributária, o que reduziria a autonomia dos entes da Federação. Neste artigo, pretende-se demonstrar que, ao contrário, a adoção de um IVA, a depender do desenho a ele conferido pelo legislador, pode fortalecer a autonomia financeira dos entes federativos, tendo em vista o cenário atual de práticas excessivas de renúncia fiscal, oportunizado pelo amplo poder de não tributar. Emprega-se uma metodologia crítico-dialética, com amparo em pesquisas de ordem qualitativa e quantitativa, com consulta a material bibliográfico e a dados disponibilizados online por instituições públicas.
Setor postal e concorrência: um recorte crítico ao Recurso Extraordinário n. 601.392/PR sob a perspectiva da regulação econômica
Authors: Leitão Rômulo Guilherme , Caxilé Tiago Damasceno
Published: June 2021

O artigo tem por objetivo realizar uma análise crítica do julgamento do Recurso Extraordinário 601.392/PR, no qual se verifica uma proteção jurídico-interpretativa do monopólio da Empresa Brasileira de Correios e Telégrafos (ECT). O recurso tratou da extensão da imunidade recíproca aos serviços realizados pela ECT, que não estão englobados no serviço postal exclusivo. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, do tipo descritivo e de método indutivo. A crítica se dará por meio da análise dos votos que conduziram o julgamento, sob o prisma constitucional, da teoria regulatória e do direito concorrencial. A hipótese é que não há necessidade de manutenção do monopólio no serviço postal e que os julgados apenas privilegiam a ECT. O STF esquiva-se de dar adequado entendimento à diretriz constitucional da ordem econômica, em consonância com a teoria da regulação e a livre concorrência, protegendo a ECT em detrimento a toda sociedade brasileira.
Potrzeby behawioralne użytkowników obiektu hospicjum dziecięcego – ich wpływ
na kształtowanie przestrzeni placówki
Authors: Bielak-Zasadzka Maria , Dramska Olga
Published: June 2021

Prezentowany artykuł porusza kwestie należytego kształtowania środowiska zbudowanego obiektu hospicjum przeznaczonego dla dzieci. Wpisuje się on w aktualny nurt tematyczny związany z projektowaniem projektowaniem obiektów zdrowia – health design. Rozważania opracowano na podstawie projektu koncepcyjnego dziecięcego hospicjum stacjonarnego wraz z centrum dziennej opieki zlokalizowanego w Katowicach. Opracowanie zwraca uwagę nie tylko na podstawowe potrzeby małych pacjentów, ale także na aspekty behawioralne decydujące o wysokich walorach jakościowych i użytkowych placówki. Prezentuje ono oddziaływanie przestrzeni hospicjum na emocje oraz odczucia użytkowników, które mają bezpośredni wpływ na ich stan zdrowia. Nowoczesnym przykładom obiektów opieki paliatywnej funkcjonujących zarówno w Polsce, jak i na świecie przyświeca dążenie przywrócenia życia do odhumanizowanej współcześnie medycyny, szczególnie tej związanej z opieką nad dziećmi chorymi terminalnie. Fundamentalnym kryterium przy tworzeniu środowiska hospicjum jest zapewnienie jego małym użytkownikom optymalnie zakomponowanej przestrzeni, która powinna dawać im poczucie bezpieczeństwa, prywatności, spokoju oraz tworzyć przyjazne środowisko, o wysokim komforcie użytkowania, które umożliwia specjalistyczną opiekę paliatywną na jak najwyższym poziomie.
Architecture against time –
longevity vs temporariness
Authors: Rabiej Jan
Published: June 2021

The subject of this article is the problem of the antinomy of longevity and temporality in architecture. Excluding the so-called temporary structures, man designs and creates buildings with the assumption of their longevity. This presupposition is not undermined by architectural concepts, exposing functional and spatial solutions, opened to potential flexibility – variability. Also, ultra-modern designs of "self-adapting" architecture to the changing conditions of the context assume, indeed, the extension of its
"vitality" – longevity.
The aim of the research synthesis presented in the article is to specify the criteria which in shaping architecture make it possible to overcome the tension inherent in the antinomy of longevity and temporality. These analyzes, summarized with conclusions, were carried out in two complementary approaches: theoretical: based on the characteristics of the relationship between architecture and time, with particular emphasis on their exposure in the Christian sacred architecture; practical: based on the case study of the sequence of transformations of the church of St. Joseph Worker in Bytom over a period of approximately 100 years.
Nowe strategie terapeutyczne choroby Alzheimera
Authors: Nowak Dominika , Słupski Wojciech , Rutkowska Maria
Published: June 2021

Streszczenie

Choroba Alzheimera (AD, Alzheimer’s disease) opisywana jako przewlekłe i nieodwracalne schorzenie neurodegeneracyjne pozostaje najczęstszą przyczyną demencji. Ze względu na obserwowane od dłuższego czasu zjawisko starzenia się populacji, nieuleczalność AD stała się narastającym problem medycyny XXI w. Obecne metody leczenia mają wyłącznie charakter objawowy, zapewniają minimalne, czasowe usprawnienie funkcji poznawczych pacjentów. W pracy przedstawiono najnowsze kierunki poszukiwań skutecznej farmakoterapii zdolnej do zapobieżenia lub zahamowania progresji AD. Ze względu na to, iż nie jest znana dokładna patogeneza choroby Alzheimera główne strategie terapeutyczne opierają się jedynie na hipotezach: kaskady amyloidowej, białka tau, stresu oksydacyjnego, neurozapalenia oraz tych związanych z dysfunkcją układu cholinergicznego, jak również glutaminianergicznego. Większość związków obecnie testowanych w badaniach klinicznych nakierowana jest na patologiczny amyloid β (Aβ), będący narzędziem sprawczym neurodegeneracji, według opisywanej dotychczas najszerzej teorii kaskady amyloidowej. Z toksycznym Aβ próbuje się walczyć za pośrednictwem: immunoterapii (szczepionki, przeciwciała monoklonalne), związków hamujących jego powstanie: inhibitorów/modulatorów γ-sekretazy i inhibitorów β-sekretazy. Immunoterapię próbuje się wykorzystać również do nasilenia klirensu hiperfosforylowanego białka tau, którego obecność jest nieodzowną cechą choroby Alzheimera. Oprócz przedstawicieli immunoterapii, przedmiotem prac badawczych stały się również związki o działaniu przeciwzapalnym, metabolicznym i neuroprotekcyjnym. W fazę badań klinicznych zostały wprowadzone ponadto związki działające objawowo, które wyrównując deficyty cholinergiczne, noradrenergiczne i glutaminianergiczne poprawiają funkcje poznawcze.
Revision of the Merodon bombiformis group (Diptera: Syrphidae) – rare and endemic African hoverflies
Authors: Vujić Ante , Radenković Snežana , Šašić Zorić Ljiljana , Likov Laura , Tot Tamara , Veselić Sanja , Djan Mihajla
Published: June 2021

In the present work, the Afrotropical species of the bombiformis species group, part of the aureus lineage, are revised. Six species are recognized, based on a combination of morphological and genetic features. Three of these species are new to science: Merodon lotus Vujić & Radenković sp. nov., M. vittatus Vujić & Likov sp. nov., and M. zebra Vujić & Radenković sp. nov. Redescriptions are provided for the other three species: M. bombiformis Hull, 1944, M. multifasciatus Curran, 1939, and M. nasicus Bezzi, 1915. The female of M. bombiformis is described. The name Merodon edentulus Macquart, 1855 is considered here as a nomen dubium. One new synonymy is proposed: M. apimima Hull, 1944 syn. nov. (junior synonym of M. multifasciatus). The distribution of the bombiformis species group is discussed. The larval host plant of M. multifasciatus is identified as Gladiolus. A key to the identification of both males and females of the bombiformis group is provided.
Clinical, serological and epidemiological features of hepatitis A in León, Nicaragua
Authors: Jaisli Sophie , Mayorga Orlando , Flores Nadia , de Berti Sandra , Frösner Gustav , Herzog Christian , Zwahlen Marcel , Herzog Sereina A.
Published: June 2021

Background and Objectives

To monitor and document the endemicity and disease burden of acute hepatitis A in the area of an ongoing vaccine effectiveness study in León, Nicaragua.

Methods

At community health centres in León, all children, adolescents and young adults presenting with jaundice and/or other clinical signs of hepatitis were offered free serologic screening (hepatitis A, B and C) and blood tests for liver enzymes and bilirubin. Clinical and socioeconomic data were collected with a structured questionnaire. Diagnosis of acute hepatitis A was confirmed by anti-HAV IgM testing. Using logistic regression we compared the characteristics and living conditions of acute hepatitis A cases with those of non-cases.

Results

Of 557 eligible subjects enrolled between May 2006 and March 2010, 315 (56.6%) were diagnosed with hepatitis A, 80.6% of them ≤10 years and five >18 years of age. No severe cases were encountered. Apart from jaundice (95.6%) and other signs of hepatitis A (fever, pale stool, dark urine, nausea, vomiting, anorexia), two thirds of patients had moderately raised liver enzymes. Cases occurred throughout the year, with highest incidences from August to March. Poor sanitary conditions and crowding were the main risk factors.

Conclusions

In the study area, hepatitis A is still highly endemic in young and school age children living in low socioeconomic conditions. There are, however, first indications that the endemicity level is shifting from high to high-intermediate.
Normal Values of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter on Computed Tomography and effect of Raised Intracranial Pressure on Head Injury Patients in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Itanyi Ukamaka Dorothy , Leslie Adebukola Morenike , Chukwuegbo James Nwabueze
Published: June 2021

Aim: To establish a local nomogram of Computed Tomographic measurement of Optic Nerve Sheath Diameter and determine the values that can objectively predict raised intracranial pressure.

Study design:  observational retrospective study

Place and duration of study:  Department of Radiology of University of Abuja teaching hospital, Abuja from March 2016 to February 2020.

Methodology: We included  images of 356 patients referred to the Radiology department for brain CT. Data was grouped into three:(A) 200 non head injury patients as control,(B) head injury patients without radioclinical signs of raised ICP ,(C) head injury patients with at least one radiologic sign of  raised ICP.ONSD  obtained in axial scans at 3mm retrobulbar region at constant  window width and level of 250/50 were analysed using SAS software version 9.3 and statistical level of significance set at 0.05.

Result: Mean ONSD of 200 normal patients was 4.4mm± 0.5 with no significant correlation with age and side. Mean ONSD of 118 head injury patients with CT signs of raised ICP was 6.0mm±0.7 while mean ONSD of 38 head injury patients without CT signs of raised ICP was 4.3mm±0.7. ONSD was slightly higher in patients with significant midline shift compared with patients without shift but no correlation with degree of shift. The ONSD value above which raised ICP can be predicted with the highest sensitivity and specificity was >5.2mm with Receiver Operating Characteristic curve (ROC) demonstrating an area under the curve of 0.9796 (p-value < 0.0001) with specificity of 93.5% and sensitivity of 90.7%.

Conclusion: There is a positive correlation between ONSD measurement on CT and intracranial pressure. This measurement is therefore recommended as an additional indirect radiological marker of raised ICP. Normal mean ONSD in a North-Central Nigerian population is 4.4mm± 0.5 with 5.2mm proposed as the upper limit of normal.
The effect of Topical Application of Honey Based Gel Containing Zingibar Officinale for Non Surgical Periodontal Maintenance
Authors: Puri Sneha , Bele Rashmi , Shewale Akhilesh , Malik Rajvir
Published: June 2021

Introduction: Ginger and honey have shown to be effective against pathogens routinely encountered in periodontal infection. However, none of literature has shown antibacterial effect of ginger and honey on the levels of dental plaque when used as a gel. 

Aim: To compare the effect of honey with ginger extract on the dental plaque levels and gingival health. 

Methodology: Fifteen systemically healthy patients were randomly allocated to either the test group [G1(ginger and honey gel = 15 sites)] or the control group [G2 (Chlorhexidine gel = 15 sites]. Full mouth Gingival Index (GI) Full mouth Plaque Index (PI) were evaluated at baseline and on 7th day.

Results: The mean PI at baseline was 0.23 ± 0.02 (G1) and 0.29 ± 0.01 (G2) which was increased to 0.36 ± 0.01 (G1) and 0.37 ± 0.01 (G2) on 7th day. However, mean GI at baseline was 0.30 ± 0.04 (G1) and 0.34 ± 0.02 (G2) which was increased to 0.38 ± 0.03 (G1) and 0.43 ± 0.03 (G2) on 7th day. 

Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that the chlorhexidine gel and Natural gel containing Honey and Zingibar officinale both are effective in controlling plaque during the periodontal maintenance period.