bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’euphémisme face à la construction de l’identité sociale. Le cas du discours médiatique
Authors: Dyoniziak Jolanta
Published: June 2018

L’article présente quelques éléments de réflexion susceptibles de contribuer au développement d’une étude sur la portée sociale de l’euphémisation à l’exemple du discours médiatique. L’analyse porte sur quelques emplois euphémiques présents dans la presse française et polonaise (presse magazine et presse d’information générale) et doit répondre aux questions suivantes : les dénomina­tions euphémiques auxquelles les agents médiatiques ont recours provoquent-elles l’instauration de nouvelles attitudes sociales, le changement des stéréotypes ou l’évolution dans les schèmes perceptifs ? Finalement, sont-elles importantes dans la création de l’identité sociale ? Le problème sera discuté d’abord dans le contexte de la doxa propre aux comportements des consommateurs (à l’exemple de la presse féminine) et ensuite, de celle qui est due à la citoyenneté contemporaine (à l’exemple de la presse d’information générale). Dans le second cas, il s’agit de l’emploi des dénominations désignant le statut matrimonial des personnes non mariées. On s’inspire de l’étude faite par Bonhomme et Horak (2009), selon laquelle l’euphémisation s’opère sur le contenu doxal propre à une société.
Le tabou linguistique. Un paradoxe toujours actuel
Authors: Popescu Mihaela
Published: June 2018

Dans cet article, nous avons étendu la recherche dans le domaine du tabou linguistique et nous avons rendu plus clairs certains aspects liés à ce sujet, aspects identifiés et présentés, partiellement, dans l’une de nos études précédentes. Pour illustrer notre description théorique, nous avons choisi des exemples appartenant au discours politique et social de la langue roumaine de l’époque communiste, de la langue roumaine actuelle, mais aussi au vocabulaire international. Nous avons proposé deux critères théoriques de classification du tabou linguistique. L’un d’eux est de nature fonctionnelle et il reflète la relation entre la cause et l’effet impliqués dans la création du tabou. L’autre est un critère pragmatique et il repose sur le principe que le tabou linguistique pourrait être considéré comme un acte de discours qui exprime la relation entre son succès et son échec. Nous avons également identifié certaines caractéristiques paradoxales du tabou. En conséquence, nous avons remarqué qu’un langage d’interdiction (ne pas dire x) génère souvent, en contrepartie, des mots et des phrases chargés stylistiquement. D’un côté, là où il était censé être un manque, le vocabulaire s’enrichit de nouveaux mots ou de paraphrases. D’un autre côté, au niveau pragmatique, le succès total de l’acte d’interdiction implique le silence. Or, par excellence, le tabou linguistique se manifeste comme une forme lexicale.
Le tabou et l’humour – analyse pragmatique, sémantique et stylistique des formes citées françaises à caractère comique
Authors: Lipińska Magdalena
Published: June 2018

Dans les formes citées françaises à caractère humoristique, les mécanismes du comique lié au tabou se laissent préciser à l’aide des analyses sémantique et stylistique, mais la description complète est obtenue grâce à l’appareil de la pragmatique linguistique. La violation comique du tabou découle de la transgression des maximes de politesse et de quantité. Comme source de l’humour, il faut citer le contraste entre une présupposition culturelle et le sens de la phrase ou l’implication. Les sujets impliqués se trouvent aussi à la base de l’humour ainsi que la construction implicative de l’énoncé. Les phrases en question appartiennent aux actes de langage indirects : aux tropes illocutoires et aux dérivations allusives truffées de vulgarismes. Du point de vue sémantique, ce sont les contrastes entre les sèmes spécifiques inhérents et afférents qui prévalent. On observe aussi des oppositions à l’intérieur des sèmes spécifiques inhérents ou afférents contextuels. Les formes autonymes comiques sont des tropes simples ou complexes ainsi que des périphrases rimées. Les contenus tabouisés apparaissent dans des lexèmes à connotation large.
Performance of bush type frenchbean varieties (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) with or without rhizobium inoculation
Authors: Das K. , Datta S. , Sikhdar S.
Published: June 2018

An experiment was conducted during the rabi season of the years 2015-16 and 2016-17 at the Instructional Farm of Uttar BangaKrishiVishwavidyalaya, Pundibari, Cooch Behar to study the performance of eight bush type frnch bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) varieties (Shagun, Victoria, Falguni, Falkon Improved, Arka Komal, special Jhati Beans, Nandini and Basuki) regarding growth, fresh pod yield and quality in this region with and without Rhizobium inoculation. The experiment was laid out in factorial randomized block design with three replications. In case of inoculation treatment, irrespective of varietal differences, seeds were treated with Rhizobiumphaseoli10g/kg of seed. Common fertilizer dose of 80:40:40 N:P2O5:K2Okg/ha was applied in each plot. The experimental results revealed that Rhizobium inoculation increased the yield and quality parameters viz, protein %, vitamin-A content and ascorbic acid content in the fresh pods of the frenchbean varieties. However, flowering and harvesting were recorded earlier in without Rhizobium inoculation treatment due to less accumulation of nitrogen content inside the plant bodies. Under Rhizobium inoculation Special Jhati Beans recorded the highest pod yield (23.05 tonnes/ha) followed by Victoria (22.43 tonnes/ha) and Arka Komal (21.95 tonnes/ha). Regarding without inoculation treatment ArkaKomal recorded the higher yield (20.05 tonnes/ha) followed by Special Jhhati Beans (20.01tonnes/ha) and Nandini (18.76 tonnes/ha).Considering the benefit: cost ratio, french bean varieties ‘SpecialJhhati Beans’ and ‘Victoria’ might be selected for the terai region of West Bengal with a benefit : cost ratio of 2.94 and 2.83 respectively.
Requisitos e critérios para projetos habitacionais: em busca de um desempenho ampliado
Authors: Castro Maria Luiza Almeida Cunha de , Loura Rejane Magiag
Published: June 2018

No Brasil, a entrada em vigor da norma NBR 15575, em 2013, traz garantias para a qualidade de edificações habitacionais ao estabelecer requisitos e critérios ligados, principalmente, às propriedades físicas de seus sistemas tecnológicos. Entretanto, a norma define unicamente um desempenho mínimo e de escopo limitado, que não contempla questões cruciais de uma forma mais abrangente - como a importância da interação entre a concepção do projeto e a escolha dos sistemas tecnológicos, a avaliação das respostas humanas ou a contribuição das escolhas para a sustentabilidade ou o desenvolvimento. Este artigo tem como objetivo colocar em pauta a necessidade de articulação dos projetistas, construtores, fornecedores e outros agentes tais como instituições e organismos reguladores em torno desta questão: a organização desta discussão trará subsídios para um aprendizado conjunto sobre os requisitos/atributos importantes a serem priorizados nas tomadas de decisão de projeto, no que diz respeito à busca de desempenho na habitação multifamiliar.
Ecuadorian universities towards intercultural education: Attitude of lecturers in Guayaquil
Authors: Gonzalez-Martinez Elier , R. Reyes-Lopez Christopher
Published: June 2018

This research analyses the university lecturersâ€™ attitude about intercultural education. The study was carried out in the city of Guayaquil, Ecuador, where university classrooms are multicultural spaces due to the confluence of students from different ethnic groups as well as national and international migrants. The â€˜Scale of attitudes toward multicultural educationâ€™ was adapted to the Ecuadorian context and applied to 167 university lecturers. For conducting the survey, the snowball technique was selected, and the questionnaire was distributed via email. The reliability assessment showed an internal consistency index of 0.88. The results show a subjectsâ€™ favourable attitude towards intercultural education; however, there still exist a small group of lecturers slightly leaning towards the rejection of intercultural education.

Keywords: Attitude, intercultural education, lecturers, multicultural classrooms, university.
Tenoscopic Debridement or Surgical Repair for Longitudinal Tears of the Equine Deep Digital Flexor Tendon Within the Digital Flexor Tendon Sheath?
Authors: Castillo Daniel , Ashton Neal
Published: June 2018

PICO question

In horses with longitudinal tears of the deep digital flexor tendon within the digital flexor tendon sheath, is surgical repair as effective as tenoscopic debridement alone for returning to previous level of performance?
Clinical bottom line

Current literature on the efficacy of surgical repair or tenoscopic debridement is limited. Criteria to define and evaluate performance outcomes is not uniform and confounded with multiple variables, merely representing low quality evidence that is difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from. However, the literature suggests tenoscopic debridement alone has been associated with improved outcomes. A more definitive conclusion cannot be made until higher quality evidence is made available on this topic.

 
 
IBN KHALDUN DAN PEMIKIR SOSIAL BUDAYA
Authors: Zainuddin M.
Published: June 2018

The greatness of Ibn Khaldun's name makes the world recognized and reviewed his thoughts. If we revisit the treasury of medieval Islamic intellectual thought and develop a tradition of thought in the world of campus, this tradition and culture is good to do. This paper raises who is really the figure of Ibn Khaldun and how his thoughts are especially on his social cultural thinking. Ibn Khaldun's theory of social phenomena includes the theory of evolution that views social phenomena as the dynamics of society, nations and states that differ across generations. The human society according to Ibn Khaldun is an independent entity. and can be perfectly managed regardless of religious values. He says humans can be good and evil at the same time. Man is evil because of animal nature, and on the contrary, man is good because of his involvement with other human beings. Ibn Khaldun's mind is so visionary that it is relevant to the context of the development of the era as developed by modern philosophers which actually comes from the socio-cultural view of Ibn Khaldun.

 

Begitu besar nama Ibn Khaldun sehingga dunia mengakui dan mengkaji kembali pemikiran-pemikirannya. Jika kita menguak kembali khazanah pemikiran intelektual Islam abad pertengahan dan mengembangkan tradisi pemikiran di dunia kampus, tradisi dan budaya ini bagus untuk dilakukan. Tulisan ini mengangkat siapakah sesungguhnya sosok Ibn Khaldun itu dan bagaimana pemikirannya khususnya pada pemikiran sosial budayanya. Teori fenomena sosial Ibn Khaldun termasuk teori evolusi yang memandang fenomena sosial sebagai dinamika masyarakat, bangsa dan negara yang berbeda antar generasi. Masyarakat manusia menurut Ibn Khaldun adalah suatu entitas yang independen. dan dapat diurus secara sempurna lepas dari nilai-nilai agama. Menurutnya manusia bisa baik clan jahat pada saat yang sama. Manusia jahat karena adanya sifat dasar kebinatangan, dan sebaliknya, manusia itu baik karena keterlibatannya dengan manusia lain. Pemikiran Ibn Khaldun sangat visioner sehingga relevan dengan konteks perkembangan jaman sebagaimana yang kemudian dikembangkan oleh filsuf modern yang sesungguhnya bermuara dari pandangan sosial budaya Ibnu Khaldun.

 

 
Delayed Cord Clamping in Term Neonates: Attitudes and Practices of Midwives in Irish Hospitals
Authors: Devin Joan , Larkin Patricia
Published: June 2018

Background:

At the time of birth, the baby is attached to its mother’s placenta via the umbilical cord. A delay in cord clamping is physiologically beneficial to the neonate as they receive an increase in blood volume (30%–40%), increased iron stores (20–30mg/kg), and an easier transition to extrauterine life. Active management of the third stage of labor, in order to prevent maternal postpartum hemorrhage, may contribute to early cord clamping practices in Ireland.

Objective:

To describe the current practices and attitudes of midwives in Irish hospitals toward delayed cord clamping in term neonates.

Methods:

A cross-sectional descriptive survey was distributed to three maternity hospitals and two Irish online midwifery groups.

Results:

One hundred and fifty-three valid responses were received. One hundred and eleven midwives (72.4%) defined delayed cord clamping as “clamping after the cord ceases to pulsate.” One hundred and forty (91.5%) respondents practiced delayed cord clamping. Moreover, 62.7 % (98/153) of participants routinely clamp the umbilical cord >1 minute when practicing active management of the third stage, with 49.1% (48/98) of those waiting until cord pulsations have ceased. Awareness of research, practice guidelines advising delayed cord clamping, and experience of practicing physiological third stage are associated with increased delayed cord clamping practices. Early cord clamping is influenced by a deteriorating neonatal or maternal condition and the cultural context within clinical sites. Delayed cord clamping times during active management of the third stage differ significantly between clinical sites and maternity care pathways.

Conclusion:

A variety of midwifery practices were identified with differing attitudes toward cord clamping practices. Diverse influences included the practice environment, awareness of research, and availability of adjunct resuscitation supports. Recommendations for future practice include a synchronized approach to delayed cord clamping in the third stage of labor, including the provision of a national guideline.
Operational Risk in Both Conventional and Islamic Banking Perceptions: Differences and Similarities
Authors: Rhanoui Salma , Belkhoutout Khalid
Published: June 2018

While risks in conventional banks have been meticulously discussed in the literature, they remain a fresh research area in Islamic banks. In this context, operational risk has long been considered a simple part of “other” risks outside the dominion of credit risk and market risk, before it made its way to the forefront of banking. In fact, with the rise and enlargement of the Islamic banking industry and its unique contractual features and legal environment, operational risk has become more wide-ranging in Islamic banks compared to conventional banks. In this sense, the following work aims to provide a comparison of operational risk perceptions in both conventional and Islamic banks, with the objective of determining the fundamental similarities and differences of this risk within each system, which can be seen as a boosting step meant to help creating a good risk management tactics in both banks. This work showed a difference regarding the two definitions of operational risk. It also demonstrated that the conventionnal and Islamic banking systems are similar while presenting some differences in terms of components and factors of opeational risk.
The Entrepreneurial Finance and the Issue of Funding Startup Companies
Authors: Mustapha Achibane , Tlaty Jamal
Published: June 2018

The emergence of entrepreneurial finance as a research field is the result of a double interest from both entrepreneurship researchers and financiers. Indeed, researchers focus on the financial fact existing in all entrepreneurial projects, while financiers consider that entrepreneurial situations have specific features that we should lean on. Our article is a presentation of the basic mechanisms of the entrepreneurial Finance, and its relationship with the entrepreneurial venture in its early stages; it will also focus on the theoretical aspect on both the Agency theory and its developments, as well as on the emerging organization that takes into account the evolution of the Startups reality. Finally, we will make a presentation of the different modes of financing Startups. Our report reveals that little work was spent on funding the very beginnings of the entrepreneurial venture. To this end, the Finance business tends to stand out from the corporate finance by different concepts and new issues, including the notions of startup, TPE or ' gazelles', that are frequently used at the expense of the notion of firms or groups.
The Structural Analysis of the Determinants of Shanghai Real Estate Price
Authors: Chen Zhi
Published: June 2018

What are the factors that play the most significant role in affecting Shanghai real estate price? This essay has established an econometric model and uses the perspective of structural analysis to substantiate the real factors that affect the housing price in Shanghai during the 1994— 2015. The essay first collects data from multiple authoritative sources according to potential factors. Then, the essay selects several optimal factors and conducts verification on them. The result is being analyzed. Finally, a conclusion has been reached: factors on the supply side of housing individually have small impact on the price while factors on demand side and policy demonstrate strong impact statistically. This conclusion further suggests that policy implemented by the government with respect to housing price problem in Shanghai could restrain the unreasonable growth to some extent.
Development of gender equality curriculum and it’s reflective assessment
Authors: Acar-Erdol Tuba , Gözütok Fatma Dilek
Published: June 2018

The purpose of this research is to prepare a gender equality curriculum for pre-service teachers and to make its reflective assessment. The present study followed the “Taba Model” which is one of the curriculum development models. The study group of this research consists of three curriculum developers, two measurement and evaluation specialists and three specialists who are specialized in gender issues Reflective Evaluation Form was prepared as a data collection tool and frequency was used in the analysis of this form. As a result of this research, “Gender Equality Curriculum Draft [GECD]” has been prepared. Based on the results of reflective assessment, it has been determined that learning outcomes, content, learning experiences and measurement and evaluation dimensions of the GECD are suitable for their purposes and consistent with each other.  It is recommended that the Gender Equality Curriculum be implemented in Faculties of Education until social awareness on gender equality is gained.
Los esclavos públicos e imperiales como agentes culturales en Hispania
Authors: Maroto Rodríguez Iñigo D.
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En este artículo se realiza un análisis de las fuentes epigráficas disponibles para estudiar el papel de los esclavos públicos e imperiales como cultores en Hispania. A través de estas fuentes se analiza el estatus de los esclavos que en ellas aparecen y los medios y objetivos de su devoción, así como las divinidades aludidas. Por último, se estudian los testimonios de collegia de esclavos públicos hispanos, donde la faceta religiosa era un elemento fundamental.Palabras claves: Esclavos públicos, esclavos imperiales, culto, Hispania, collegia, epigrafía, religión.Abstract: This paper analyses epigraphic sources with the aim of studying the role of public and imperial slaves as worshippers in Hispania. Through these sources, the analysis bears on the status of slaves, the means and ends of their cult practices and their gods. Finally, the testimonies of the collegia of Spanish public slaves are studied, in the light of the essential religious side of these collegia.Key words: Public slaves, imperial slaves, cult, Hispania, collegia, epigraphy, religion.
Manifestaciones religiosas de los cultores de los Dii Selecti en Carpetania romana
Authors: López Gómez José Carlos
Published: June 2018

Resumen: En este trabajo se aborda, a partir del análisis de la epigrafía votiva, el estudio de los cultores en Carpetania romana y sus inquietudes religiosas. En ausencia de una información más precisa que permita abordar con éxito el análisis social de los cultores, este trabajo pretende contribuir a la reflexión sobre el significado de las manifestaciones religiosas de estos individuos, contextualizándolas dentro del marco socio-religioso en el que fueron concebidas, esto es, en un momento en el que las formas culturales y religiosas más propiamente romanas se hallaban ya plenamente instauradas. Se analiza, para sostener la hipótesis, la documentación correspondiente a los cultores de los dii selecti.Palabras clave: Carpetania romana, cultores, dedicantes, dii selecti, religión romana, Júpiter, Minerva, Diana, Marte.Abstract: This paper addresses the study of cultores of Roman Carpetania and their religious concerns through votive epigraphic data. Given the absence of more precise information that would allow for a social analysis of the cultores, this work aims to contribute to the reflection on the meaning of the religious manifestations of these individuals by contextualizing them in the socio-religious framework in which they were conceived, in other words, at a time when the more Roman cultural and religious forms were already fully established. In order to support this hypothesis, the analysis here relies upon the documentation related to the cultores of dii selecti.Key words: roman Carpetania, cultores, devoted, dii selecti, roman religion, Jupiter, Minerva, Diana, Mars.
Orígenes y desarrollo de la guerra santa en la Península Ibérica. Palabras e imágenes para una legitimación (siglos X-XIV)
Authors: Fuente Pérez María Jesús
Published: June 2018

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Historia Societaria de la Psiquiatria en el Perú (Primera parte)
Authors: Mariategui Javier
Published: June 2018

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Design and Construction of a Biohydrogen and Bioethanol Production System from the Biomass of the Eichhornia Crassipes
Authors: Carreño Sayago Uriel Fernando , Rodríguez Camila
Published: June 2018

Introduction: Biofuels, biohydrogen and bioethanol have properties that stand out from other fossil fuels, are colorless, odorless, and insipid, therefore, they are free of contaminants. Its production can be generated from the biomass of the aquatic plant Eichhornia crassipes, since this alternative is timely and viable due to its high energy composition. This plant is a problem in wetlands, rivers and other hydrosystems, due to its abundance and dominance over other species of aquatic plants, and which in effect causes an ecological imbalance. Objective: To evaluate the production of biohydrogen and bioethanol from the biomass of the E. crassipes plant. Materials and methods: Lignocellulosic material was used, realizing different physical, chemical and biological processes such as: reduction of size, lignin removal, acid hydrolysis, fermentation and distillation. a laboratory scale production system was designed and built where two bioreactors were used in the process. Results and discussion: the production of bioethanol and biohydrogen showed a production index of more than 40 mg of bioethanol per gram of bio-mass of E. crassipes and in relation to biohydrogen, 65 mmol / L was obtained. Conclusion: With the biomass of E. crassipes it is possible to obtain a high index of bio-fuel production, since it is possible to take advantage of its physical characteristics and its high proliferation in hydrosystems, in this way it constitutes an optimal alternative to produce biohydrogen and bioethanol at a high scale.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Data KB dan Analisis Pola Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Menggunakan Algoritma Sql-Based Fp-Growth
Authors: Jumiati Yumina , Bahtiar Nurdin
Published: June 2018

One of Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Perempuan, dan Keluarga Berencana (UPT BAPERMASPER dan KB) Region XV District of Mijen’s duty is to lead, plan, do, evaluate, and report the data management in service, management, and control of family planning programs and the empowerment of women in the district. The inadequate number offield officers (PLKB) often become spectacle in collecting and reporting the data KB. Family Planning Data Information System (SIDAK) is developed in order to support the mentioned task to make it easier to report, store, and manage the data. Additionally, SIDAK is equipped with a data analysis feature with association mining technique using SQL-Based FP-Growth algorithm. This algorithm analyze the data KB and create a relation (association rule) between the attributes used for analysis; the wive’s age, the highest education achieved by the couple, the number of children, the welfare level, and the contraception method. The research analysis of 302 dataKBs resulted in maximum support value of 1.66%, maximum confidence value of 100%, and maximum lift ratio of 60.24.
Pengembangan Sistem Informasi Data KB dan Analisis Pola Pemilihan Metode Kontrasepsi Menggunakan Algoritma Sql-Based Fp-Growth
Authors: Jumiati Yumina , Bahtiar Nurdin
Published: June 2018

One of Unit Pelaksana Teknis Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Perempuan, dan Keluarga Berencana (UPT BAPERMASPER dan KB) Region XV District of Mijen’s duty is to lead, plan, do, evaluate, and report the data management in service, management, and control of family planning programs and the empowerment of women in the district. The inadequate number offield officers (PLKB) often become spectacle in collecting and reporting the data KB. Family Planning Data Information System (SIDAK) is developed in order to support the mentioned task to make it easier to report, store, and manage the data. Additionally, SIDAK is equipped with a data analysis feature with association mining technique using SQL-Based FP-Growth algorithm. This algorithm analyze the data KB and create a relation (association rule) between the attributes used for analysis; the wive’s age, the highest education achieved by the couple, the number of children, the welfare level, and the contraception method. The research analysis of 302 dataKBs resulted in maximum support value of 1.66%, maximum confidence value of 100%, and maximum lift ratio of 60.24.
Peralihan Moda Transportasi Jasa Pengiriman Menggunakan Metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP): Studi Kasus PT. XYZ
Authors: Angraini Yuliyani Nur , Rosita Meilani , Taufiq Amalia Ananda Putri
Published: June 2018

PT XYZ is the cargo company that had operate along Surabaya-Solo-Jakarta rute. This company opeated the bussiness by a traditional carrier that only used truck as a transportation mode. The company decision to used this mode because of its had any strengthen like the easyness of locations access and the more delivery frequency. But in its operations also had any weakness like the problem of time, quality and cost. The frequent problem is about the losses because of the cost of delivery is more than its benefit. So that, its required to changed the transportation mode to solved this losses. The changed of transportation mode that can be applicated is the used of train. We used an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to make decision about the best alternative in this problem. From the equation we have a percentage of the used of train can solved this problem 53% more than the used truck.
OPTIMALISASI PEMANFAATAN MINERAL FOSFOR DALAM MEMBENTUK KESEHATAN FISIK ANAK USIA DINI MELALUI REEDUKASI KELUARGA
Authors: Paramitha Sandey Tantra
Published: June 2018

The development of early childhood physical health largely determined by levels of phosphorus contained in the body, due to be the second largest item after the calcium in the human body,  problems become obstacles in developing family knowledge about the importance of the content of phosphorus in the development of early childhood body i.e. environmental conditions is lacking support and there is no massive support from the Ministry of Health important about phosphorus for the growth of early childhood. This research uses descriptive method which aims to describe, illustrate and analyze events in field data collection techniques, using interviews, observation and documentation, as well as using the techniques of data analysis the presentation of data, data reduction and withdrawal of the conclusion. The results obtained show that the society have less knowledge about the importance of phosphorus for early childhood growth, hence the need for the development of the knowledge society on the importance of phosphorous for growth in early childhood, it due to the excess or deficiency of phosphorus will not impact the tub for the body.
Degradation of Dazomet by Thermal Fenton and Photo-Fenton Processes under UV and Sun lights at Different Temperatures
Authors: Mohammed Eman A. , Mousa Souad A.
Published: June 2018

In this research, the degradation of Dazomet has been studied by using thermal Fenton process and photo-Fenton processes under UV and lights sun. The optimum values of amounts of the Fenton reagents have been determined (0.07g FeSO4 .7H2O, 3.5µl H2O2) at 25 °C and at pH 7 where the degradation percentages of Dazomet were recorded high. It has been found that solar photo Fenton process was more effective in degradation of Dazomet than photo-Fenton under UV-light and thermal Fenton processes, the percentage of degradation of Dazomet by photo-Fenton under sun light are 88% and 100% at 249 nm and 281 nm respectively, while the percentages of degradation for photo-Fenton under UV-light are 87%, 96% and for thermal Fenton are 70% and 66.8% at 249 nm and 281 nm respectively. In this research the effect of temperature on all the reactions has been studied in the range 25°C-45°C, it has been noticed that the reaction rate constant (k) has increased with increasing temperature, and the best percentage degradation of Dazomet was at 45°C in all processes, so, the thermodynamic functions ?G*, ?H*, ?S* have been calculated
Structural Analysis of Chemical and Green Synthesis of CuO Nanoparticles and their Effect on Biofilm Formation
Authors: Shanan Zainab J. , Hadi Sabah M. , Shanshool Sabeeha K.
Published: June 2018

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized by two methods. The first was chemical method by using copper nitrate Cu (NO3)2 and NaOH, while the second was green method by using Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves extract and Cu (NO3)2. These methods easily give a large scale production of CuO nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) reveals single phase monoclinic structure. The average crystalline size of CuO NPs was measured and used by Scherrer equation which found 44.06nm from chemical method, while the average crystalline size was found from green method was 27.2nm. The morphology analysis using atomic force microscopy showed that the grain size for CuO NPs was synthesized by chemical and green methods were 77.70 and 89.24 nm, respectively. The effectiveness of copper oxide nanoparticles on bacteria was measured for both gram positive, negative and fungi, copper oxide minutes showed excellent efficacy on biofilm formation.
HSE Conference Marks a Tipping Point for the Industry
Authors: Dunlop Johana
Published: June 2018

Conference review

Every 2 years, a large contingent of health, safety, and environment (HSE) and sustainability practitioners in the oil and gas industry get together to do what SPE enables best—sharing knowledge and collaborating. Despite the economic downturn draining some talent from the industry, the 2018 SPE International Conference on Health, Safety, Security, the Environment, and Social Responsibility reminded many that the continuing good work and the decades of developing a knowledge community are reasons for celebration. Each gathering is colored by context and location. The 2016 global conference was held in Stavanger and attracted more than 700 participants and contributors. This year was the Middle East’s turn to play host to the conference. In Abu Dhabi, more than 900 industry practitioners dropped their competitive gloves and donned their collaborative garb for 4 intense days. From dawn to dusk every day, a flurry of technical sessions, panel sessions, e-posters, meetings, and exhibitor booths—not to mention all of the social moments for professional friends to catch up with one another—filled Jumeirah at Etihad Towers.

Several veterans noted that this year’s HSE conference was the best yet, and I found myself agreeing without quite knowing what exactly had made this conference stand out. Certainly, the venue facilitated interaction in an energizing manner—and that did matter—but I suspect a maturity stage gate was reached. Safety, the big brother of this family of disciplines, was the focus of 15 sessions; however, close behind were environment, health, social responsibility, and sustainability, which were the focus of a further 18 sessions that presented more than 130 technical papers. Demand ran high, sessions were full, and the audience was engaged. While there was much to congratulate, there was no time to rest on one’s laurels. The best practices presented were not a theoretical wish list; they were to be seen in action, through tangible examples of what was working well and what was working less well.

Professional pride was very evident and rightly so. It was not an arrogant pride but rather one that is humble and says this industry is worthy of my time, my talent, my ideas, my energy, and my sacrifices—yes, sacrifices. In this industry, the work/life balance is widely acknowledged to be desirable but is equally widely known to be a unicorn. Isn’t it interesting that an industry that motivates so many good people to pour their heart and soul into its ongoing existence is also an industry that so many other good people fear and loathe? Will we ever turn that dynamic into a constructive tension at scale? Many companies and individuals manage to challenge that dynamic in innovative ways that truly advance progress, but we have not yet reached scale on any of the disciplines except safety.
Development of a Resistivity Model That Incorporates Quantitative Directional Connectivity and Tortuosity for Enhanced Assessment of Hydrocarbon Reserves
Authors: Garcia Artur Posenato , Heidari Zoya
Published: June 2018

Success of the strategies to exploit hydrocarbon reservoirs depends on the availability of reliable information about pore structure and spatial distribution of fluids within the pore space. Reliable quantification of directional pore-space connectivity and characterization of pore architecture are, however, challenging. The objectives of this paper include (1) quantifying the directional connectivity of pore space [connected pore volume (PV)] and rock components, (2) identifying geometry-defined fabric features that contribute to the pore-connectivity variations within the same formation (e.g., tortuosity, constriction factor) and introducing analytical/numerical methods and mechanistic models to estimate them, and (3) improving assessment of hydrocarbon saturation by introducing a new resistivity model that incorporates the directional pore-space-connectivity factor.

We introduce a new resistivity model that minimizes calibration efforts and improves assessment of hydrocarbon saturation in complex formations by incorporating a directional connectivity factor. The directional pore-space connectivity is defined as the geometry and texture of the porous media resulting from sedimentary and diagenetic processes, and is estimated with pore-scale images. The directional connectivity factor is a function of electrical tortuosity, and, therefore, we introduce a mechanistic equation that incorporates geometrical features of the pore space to accurately estimate electrical tortuosity. Then, we validate the new tortuosity model against results obtained from a semianalytical streamline algorithm in 3D pore-scale images from each rock type of interest in the formation. The actual electrical tortuosity obtained from numerical simulations is calculated with the geometry of the streamlines associated with the electric current and the corresponding time of flight (TOF) of electric charges.

We successfully applied the introduced method to two carbonate formations. The results confirm that the introduced directional-connectivity factor can detect rock-fabric features, through quantifying the connected PV and tortuosity, and that it is a function of the directional-diffusivity coefficient. The quantification of rock fabric and pore-space connectivity improves the estimation of hydrocarbon saturation by 43% compared with conventional methods. The use of such a parameter for rock-fabric characterization from pore-scale images helps to decrease the need for calibration efforts in the interpretation of borehole geophysical measurements. Just a few cuttings from different rock types are sufficient for the proposed method.
Dar Nehirlerin Sentinel2-A Uydu Görüntüleri ile Belirlenebilirliğinde Havza Hidrojeolojisinin Etkisi: Karamenderes (Çanakkale) Örneği
Authors: KARAMAN Muhittin , ÖZELKAN Emre , TAŞDELEN Suat
Published: June 2018

Çizgisel su bileşenlerinin akım yollarının
genelde dar olmaları ve bitki barındırmaları, bu tip su bileşenlerinde meydana
gelen değişimlerin takibinde uydu görüntülerinin kullanmasında bazı zorluklar oluşturmaktadır.
Bu çalışmanın amacı Çanakkale-Karamenderes Nehri gibi dar akarsuların 10 metre
mekânsal çözünürlüklü multispektral Sentinel2-A uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak
belirlenebilirliği ve belirlenebilen nehir çizgisindeki mevsimsel değişimde
havzanın hidrometeorolojik koşullarının etkisinin değerlendirilmesidir. Farklı
hidrojeolojik dönemlere ait uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak gerçekleştirilen
çalışmada, su bileşenlerinin belirlenmesinde uydu görüntülerinden oluşturulan modifiye
edilmiş normalize fark su indisinden (MNDWI) yararlanılmıştır. Uydu görüntüsü analizlerine göre Karamenderes Nehri’nin
102 km uzunluğundaki akım yolu üzerinde; Ocak ayı döneminde su belirlenen nehir
çizgisi %59, Nisan ayında su belirlenen nehir çizgisi %26, Eylül ayı döneminde
ise %18 seviyesinde belirlenmiştir. Thornthwaite su bütçesine göre havzada
su fazlalığının olduğu hidrojeolojik
dönemlerde dere yatağında su bulunan alanların 10m’den daha geniş olması
nedeniyle, su noksanı olan dönemlere göre uydu görüntüleri ile belirlenebilen
nehir yatağı alanı daha fazladır. Bunda havzadaki hidrometeorolojik döngü, tarımsal
sulama ve günlük kullanım amaçlı insani etkiler etkendir. Hidrometeorolojik
döngüde, yağışlar ve eriyen kar suları debiyi arttırırken, artan sıcaklık,
azalan yağış ve yüksek evapotranspirasyon debinin azalmasına neden olur. Kullanılacak
uydu görüntülerinin tarihinin havzanın hidrometeorolojik özelliklerine (akım,
yağış, sıcaklık, su bütçesi v.b.) göre seçilmesi, dar nehir yatağına sahip su
bileşenlerinin belirlenmesindeki başarımı arttırdığı ortaya konulmuştur.
Soil Carbon, Nitrogen, pH, and Crop Yields in Winter Wheat–Spring Pea Systems
Authors: Awale Rakesh , Machado Stephen , Rhinhart Karl
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas

Under wheat–pea, reduced tillage increased SOC, TN, and pea yields over fall plowing.

No‐till decreased surface soil pH and wheat yields relative to fall plowing.

Spring plowing minimized surface soil acidification, increased crop yield, and maintained SOC and TN.

Data from an ongoing winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)–spring pea (Pisum sativum L.) long‐term experiment on a Walla‐Walla silt loam (coarse‐silty, mixed, mesic Typic Haploxeroll) in eastern Oregon was used to evaluate the effects of four tillage systems [fall plow (FP), spring plow (SP), disk tillage and chisel plow (DT/CP), and no‐till (NT)] on soil pH, bulk density, soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and grain yields. Among tillage types, FP produced the lowest pea yields in 4 out of 6 crop‐years, whereas NT produced the lowest wheat yields during dry and hot crop‐years. Both NT and DT/CP had lower soil pH than FP and SP in the surface 10 cm. Soil organic C and TN were higher under NT and DT/CP than under FP and SP in the surface 10 cm. However, SP increased SOC and TN over NT at soil depth of 10 to 20 cm. Under wheat–pea, NT and DT/CP will increase SOC, TN, and pea yields but may reduce surface soil pH and decrease wheat yields relative to conventional FP. Spring plow has the potential to minimize surface soil acidification, increase crop yield, and maintain SOC and TN in wheat‐pea systems.
Winter Pea Cultivar/Breeding Line Screening for Grain Crop Potential in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Vann R. A. , Reberg‐Horton S. C. , Castillo M. S. , Mirsky S. B. , McGee R. J.
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas

Winter pea is desirable for grain production in the southeastern USA.

Many pea cultivars/lines survive the NC winter with minimal cold damage.

Regional breeding efforts are needed for disease resistance in pea cultivars.

Pea grain yield was restricted by excessive heat during flowering.

Pea and wheat can be grown together and harvested simultaneously.

Winter pea (Pisum sativum L.) is desirable for grain production in the southeastern United States to increase feed protein availability; however, there has not been any previous effort devoted to maximizing pea genetics for grain production in this region. Studies were conducted at six environments in North Carolina to assess pea grain potential. Nineteen pea cultivars/breeding lines were planted in monoculture and in mixture with three wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars of differing maturities. Pea cold tolerance, biomass production, disease incidence, maturity, lodging, and pea and wheat grain yield were assessed. The growth of only one pea cultivar/breeding line was severely inhibited by cold injury. Disease incidence was influenced by pea cultivars/breeding lines but not growth in monoculture or mixture with wheat. At the environments with heavy Sclerotinia pressure, grain yield of all pea cultivars/breeding lines was severely inhibited. All wheat cultivars reached physiological maturity prior to any pea cultivar/breeding line, and both species were harvested simultaneously using a combine with minimal difficulties. Pea yield was influenced by pea cultivar/breeding line but not growth in monoculture or mixture. Pea yield was greater with early maturing varieties. Pea grain yield potential across all pea cultivars/breeding lines was likely restricted by excessive heat during flowering. Many pea cultivars/breeding lines screened in this study out‐yielded the current pea available in North Carolina. Results indicated that pea and wheat can be grown simultaneously and that regional pea cultivar recommendations will enhance pea grain yield in the southeastern United States.
How Does Seed Vigor Affect Soybean Yield Components?
Authors: Caverzan Andréia , Giacomin Rafael , Müller Mariele , Biazus Cristian , Lângaro Nadia Canali , Chavarria Geraldo
Published: June 2018

Core Ideas

Plants originated from the high‐vigor seeds presented more efficiency on nitrogen fixation.

Low vigor levels resulted in higher yield variability among plants.

Plants grown from high vigor seeds exhibited higher yield.

Several factors may limit the germination, growth, development, and productivity of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Thus, seed physiological quality is important for crop establishment and uniformity. Among seed quality characteristics, vigor plays a key role for grain production. The objective of this study was to evaluate how seed vigor affects the population density, plant growth, nitrogen fixation, sugar, and starch content in nodes and these influences on yield components in soybean. Treatments consisted of varying vigor levels of seeds of the DM 5958 RSF IPRO cultivar. Using accelerated ageing test, seeds were exposed to 32°C heat for 0, 120, 192, and 216 h to obtain 90%, 75%, 63%, and 48% vigor levels. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with four replicates at three locations. Root and shoot dry mass, leaf area, population density, plant height, stem diameter, nodulation, total soluble sugar and starch content, and grain yield components were measured. Plants grown from high‐vigor seeds had greater shoot and root dry mass, leaf area, population density, stem diameter, plant height, number of nodules, nodule dry mass, and thousand‐seed weight values. The numbers of productive and unproductive nodes and total soluble sugar and starch contents did not vary significantly with the treatments. Low vigor seeds resulted in increased production variability among plants while high vigor seeds resulted in higher yields due to a greater plant population density.
Methylmercury Dynamics in Upper Sacramento Valley Rice Fields with Low Background Soil Mercury Levels
Authors: Tanner K. Christy , Windham‐Myers Lisamarie , Marvin‐DiPasquale Mark , Fleck Jacob A. , Tate Kenneth W. , Linquist Bruce A.
Published: June 2018

Few studies have considered how methylmercury (MeHg, a toxic form of Hg produced in anaerobic soils) production in rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields can affect water quality, and little is known about MeHg dynamics in rice fields. Surface water MeHg and total Hg (THg) imports, exports, and storage were studied in two commercial rice fields in the Sacramento Valley, California, where soil THg was low (25 and 57 ng g−1). The median concentration of MeHg in drainage water exiting the fields was 0.17 ng g−1 (range: <0.007–2.1 ng g−1). Compared with irrigation water, drainage water had similar MeHg concentrations, and lower THg concentrations during the growing season. Significantly elevated drainage water MeHg and THg concentrations were observed in the fallow season compared with the growing season. An analysis of surface water loads indicates that fields were net importers of both MeHg (76–110 ng m−2) and THg (1947–7224 ng m−2) during the growing season, and net exporters of MeHg (35–200 ng m−2) and THg (248–6496 ng m−2) during the fallow season. At harvest, 190 to 700 ng MeHg m−2 and 1400 to 1700 ng THg m−2 were removed from fields in rice grain. Rice straw, which contained 120 to 180 ng MeHg m−2 and 7000–10,500 ng m−2 THg was incorporated into the soil. These results indicate that efforts to reduce MeHg and THg exports in rice drainage water should focus on the fallow season. Substantial amounts of MeHg and THg were stored in plants, and these pools should be considered in future studies.

Core Ideas

MeHg dynamics were studied in two rice fields with soil THg near background levels.

Surface water MeHg and THg imports and exports and soil and plant storage were quantified.

Net surface water MeHg and THg import occurred in the growing season.

Net surface water MeHg and THg export occurred in the fallow season.

Annual MeHg and THg pools in straw and grain were similar to surface water loads.
Genetic Analysis of Tropical Midaltitude‐Adapted Maize Populations under Stress and Nonstress Conditions
Authors: Makumbi Dan , Assanga Silvano , Diallo Alpha , Magorokosho Cosmos , Asea Godfrey , Worku Mosisa , Bänziger Marianne
Published: June 2018

Maize (Zea mays L.) yield in sub‐Saharan Africa (SSA) is low because of both abiotic and biotic constraints, and limited availability or use of improved seed in some areas. This study was conducted (i) to estimate combining ability and heterosis among seven stress‐tolerant populations, and (ii) to assess diversity among the populations and the relationship between diversity and heterosis. Twenty‐one hybrids developed from diallel crosses of seven populations, parents, and two checks were evaluated in 10 optimal and 11 stressed environments (drought, low N, and random stress) in Kenya, Ethiopia, Uganda, and Zimbabwe for 2 yr. Analysis II of Gardner and Eberhart showed that variety and heterosis were significant for grain yield (GY) under optimal and managed stress, and across environments. Heterosis accounted for most of the variation for GY among populations under optimal conditions (67%) and drought stress (53%), which suggested the importance of dominance in inheritance of GY under these conditions. Genetic distance (GD) among populations ranged from 0.328 to 0.477 (mean = 0.404). The correlation between GD and heterosis was low (r = 0.14–0.40) in all environments. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker‐based and GY‐based clustering of parental populations showed similar patterns, with three populations distinct from the rest, suggesting significant differentiation of allelic variation in these three populations. The SSR‐based diversity and phenotypic analysis results should be useful in defining breeding strategies and maintaining heterotic patterns among these populations.