bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pembiakan Anakan (Sucker) Pisang Barangan (Musa paradisiaca L.) Secara in Vitro
Authors: Sitohang Nurdin
Published: February 2022

Pisang (Musa paradisiaca L.) termasuk Famili Musaceae, berasal dari Asia Tenggara dan tersebar di seluruh dunia. Pisang barangan sangat digemari karena rasanya enak, vitaminnya cukup, dan harganya terjangkau. Secara konvensional pisang diperbanyak dengan anakan (sucker) dan bonggol (bit), dapat dihasilkan 1-10 anakan dalam setahun (Meina, 1992). Perbanyakan pisang barangan secara in vitro dapat dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bahan tanaman yang lebih baik, khususnya yang bebas penyakit Fusarium sp dan Pseudomonas sp.
Pendekatan Molekuler pada Kajian Ekologi
Authors: Yuda Ign. Pramana
Published: February 2022

Sistem perkawinan pada burung (aves) sebagian besar (80-90%) adalah monogami. Namun temuan dari kajian-kajian terbaru dengan pendekatan molekuler menunjukan kalau jenis-jenis burung yang secara sosial monogami, ternyata berpoligami secara genetis (Birkhead dan Moller, 1992). Sebagai contoh, burung gereja (House sparrow Passer domesticus) melakukan extra-pair paternity (EPP). Artinya induk (jantan) mengasuh anak pasangannya yang ternyata bukan anak genetisnya.
Seleksi, Karakterisasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Pendegradasi 2-(thiocyanomethylthio) benzothiazole (TCMTB)
Authors: Sembiring Langkah , Susilawati Lela , Suhartanti Dwi
Published: February 2022

The objective of this research was to investigate the capabilities of bacteria isolated from industrial tanning waste to degrade TCMTB. The bacteria was initialy screened, based on their tolerance to various concentration of TCMTB using paper disk method. Then, those strains were further analyzed in terms of their ability to produce ammonia (NH4+) and sulphate (SO42-). Degradation activity was measured based on remaining residue of TCMTB analyzed using HPLC. The superior strain that showed the highest activity in degradation of TCMTB then were characterized and identified based on phenotypic and 16S rDNA sequence analysis. The result of the experiments showed that four selected strains among seven were choosen based on their high tolerance to various concentration of TCMTB, namely PK1, PK2, PK4 and PK6. All four strains showed the ability to produce ammonia and sulphate but three of which, namely PK2, PK4 and PK6 showed the high capability to degrade TCMTB. One particular strain (PK2) was observed to degrade TCMTB 40.8% within 7 days, but the others were less than 30%. Based on the phenotypic characteristics and 16S rDNA sequence analysis, the best strains (PK2) was identified to be member of genus Pseudomonas.
Pemanfaatan α-Tokoferol untuk Meningkatkan Profil Superoksida Dismutase (SOD) Ginjal Tikus di Bawah Kondisi Stres
Authors: Wresdiyati Tutik , Astawan Made , Fithriani Diini , Adnyane I Ketut Mudite , Hidayati Mustika
Published: February 2022

Stress condition has been reported decreased the level of intracellular antioxidant, especially superoxide dismutase (SOD). The condition can lead to certain cell impairment and finally can reach to the degenerative processes, such as aging and carcinogenesis. We need several alternative treatments to solve the severe problem under antioxidant defiency status caused by stress condition. The aim of the study was to observe the effect of α-tocopherol on increasing the profile of superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the kidney of rats under stress condition. The stress condition was achieved by five days fasting together with smimming for 5 min/day and only drinking distiled water ad libitum. α-tocopherol was orally administrated at a dose of 60 mg/Kg/BW/day for seven days. By measuring SOD activity and Cu,Zn-SOD imunohistochemically, showed that α-tocopherol has effect on increasing the profile of intracellular antioxidant in the rats kidney tissue under stress condition.
Molecular Identification of Genes Involved in Magnetosome Synthesis in Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1
Authors: Wahyudi Aris Tri
Published: February 2022

Satu mutan Magnetospirillum magneticum AMB-1 yang tidak bersifat magnetik, yang didesain NMA41, dikonstruksi melalui mutagenesis dengan transposon Mini-Tn5Km1 untuk mengidentifikasi gen yang terlibat dalam sintesis magnetosom. Mutagenesis dengan transposon dilakukan melalui konjugasi antara M. magneticum AMB-1 dan Escherichia coli S17-1 ( pir) yang membawa plasmid pUTmimi-Tn5Km1. Frekuensi transkonjugasi tertinggi berkisar 1.8 x 10-7 sel per resipien. NMA41 tidak respon terhadap bidang magnet dan kehilangan kemampuan dalam mensintesis magnetosom. Sekuens DNA/gen yang disisipi oleh transposon (dinamakan DNA pengapit) diisolasi dengan PCR yang dibalik (inverse PCR) dan diklon ke dalam plasmid pCR2.1. Penyejajaran sekuen DNA dari DNA pengapit terhadap sekuens DNA genom lengkap AMB-1 dapat mengidentifikasi sebuah kerangka baca terbuka (open reading frame, ORF2) dalam suatu operon yang terdiri dari 4 gen. Sekuen asam amino yang dideduksi dari ORF2 menunjukkan homologinya dengan protein domain GGDEF dari Magnetospirillum magnetotacticum MS-1 (identik 90%; kemiripan 95%) yang mempunyai fungsi dalam mekanisme transduksi sinyal. Gen atau operon ini diduga berfungsi selama proses sintesis magnetosom pada M. magneticum AMB-1.
Era Emas Biologi
Authors: Atmodjo P. Kianto
Published: February 2022

Selamat datang dalam era emas biologi! Setiap hari berita-berita yang berkaitan dengan biologi selalu bermunculan melalui koran harian, mingguan, dan berita-berita yang disiarkan media elektronika. Pemanfaatan biologi untuk bidang industri manufaktur, pertanian, kesehatan, farmasi dan makanan tidak pernah ada habisnya. Hal yang paling hangat adalah pemanfaat teknologi asam deoksi ribonukleat untuk penentuan jati diri teroris yang terbunuh dalam penyergapan di Temanggung apakah Nordin M Top atau bukan, penentuan jati diri korban ledakan bom atau kebakaran, serta penentuan jati diri korban kecelakaan pesawat, merupakan contoh-contoh peran biologi dalam kehidupan bermasyarakat modern, dan inilah yang dimaksud era emas biologi oleh Reece dan Simon dalam pengantar buku Essential Biology With Physiology.
Karakterisasi α-Amilase dari Aspergillus versicolor 3a1 yang Diproduksi pada Media Limbah Cair Tapioka
Authors: Aini Fitratul , Mubarik Nisa Rachmania , Manaf Lisdar A.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this experiment was to characterize A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase produced on cassava liquid waste media. Two types of media, base and combination media, were used as a comparison. Cassava liquid waste media contains 1% cassava starch, 1% yeast extract, 0.13% KH2PO4, and 0.05% MgSO4 diluted in cassava liquid waste. Base media contains same composition but using aquadest as a solvent, and combination media using mixture of aquadest and cassava liquid waste. A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase showed its maximum specific activity in cassava liquid waste, base, and combination media after 3, 7, and 4 days incubation, respectively. Crude extract of α-amylase fromA. versicolor 3a1 was precipitated in 20-80% (w/v) ammonium sulphate. Precipitation of A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase with 70% (w/v) ammonium sulphate on cassava liquidwaste, 60% on base media, and 60% on combination media will increase its specific activity 16.6, 4.28, and 5.65 times, respectively, compared to the specific activities ofcrude before precipitation. α-Amylase crude extract from A. versicolor 3a1 from all media showed its highest specific activity at 70oC and pH 5.0, and addition of FeSO4 increased the specific activity. Precipitated A. versicolor 3a1 α-amylase from all media showed its highest specific activity at 70oC and pH 6.0. Addition of FeSO4 precipitated 3a1 α-amylase from base and combination media will increase its specific activity, while MgSO4 will increase its specific activity in cassava liquid waste media. Thermostability assay revealed that the crude and the precipitated 3a1 α-amylase were relatively stable at 70oC up to 180 minutes incubation, except for precipitated3a1 -amylase on cassava waste media. Crude α-amylase 3a1 was relatively stable at pH 5-9 up to 1 hour incubation with wide pH ranges, while the precipitated with narrow pH ranges.
Aktivitas Makan Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka, Cibubur, Jakarta
Authors: Farida Hilda , Perwitasari-Farajallah Dyah , Tjitrosoedirdjo Sri Sudarmiyati
Published: February 2022

Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is one of the non human primates which is widely distributed. Long-tailed macaques live in a group consisted of multimales and multifemales. The group size was determined by predator, food resources, and foraging efficiency. Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka Cibubur is a habitat for long-tailed macaques. This place is a camp area and tourism site, which is predominated by akasia (Acacia auriculiformis). This research is aimed to study feeding activity of long-tailed macaque in Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka, Cibubur, Jakarta. Methods used in this research were habituation, census, ad libitum sampling, focal animal sampling, and scan sampling. The identification of food items was carried out by means of direct observation, interview, specimen collection, and identification of plant species. Feeding activities of long-tailed macaques constituted 9.01% of the total daily activities. Food consumed consists of natural and non natural food. Natural food items were leaf buds of awi tali (Gigantochloa apus) 34.76%, jukut pait (Axonopus compressus) 22.61%, and fig (Ficus benjamina) 7.15%, respectively. Furthermore, non natural food items were food leftovers of visitors 29.00% and peanuts 15.52%, respectively. In general, natural food (74.02%) was consumed more frequent than those of non natural food (25.98%).
Sistematik Filogenetik Pseudomonas Strain Indigenous Pendegradasi Liniar Alkilbenzen Sulfonat
Authors: Suharjono Suharjono , Sembiring Langkah , Subagja Yusup , Widayati Wiwik E.
Published: February 2022

Linear Alkylbenzene Sulphonate (LAS) was the dominant pollutant in the river ecosystem. Indigenous strains of Pseudomonas in river ecosystem had highly potency to LAS degradation. This research was carried out to study relationship of indigenous strains of LAS degrading to Pseudomonas strains. Indigenous strains of bacteria of LAS degrading were characterized based on ARDRA (Amplified Ribosomal 16S rDNA Restriction Analysis) and 16S rDNA sequence. Result of the research shows that Pseudomonas strain J and R which LAS degrading from detergent polluted river ecosystem based on 16S rDNA sequence, isolate J has 98.37% similarity and it has relationship to P. pseudoalcaligenes LMG 1225T whereas isolate R has 84.86% similarity and related to P. stutzeri phen8.
Sebaran dan Kondisi Karang Batu di Perairan Kecamatan Wori, Sulawesi Utara
Authors: Souhoka Jemmy
Published: February 2022

Hard or stony coral is one important component to structure the coral reef ecosystem and play a significant role for its marine life and its surrounding. Therefore, the condition of reef ecosystem needs to be maintained. Research on stony coral condition and distribution in waters of Wori Village, North Sulawesi, was conducted in April 2008. Line Intercept Transect was applied to assess the coral condition. A 50 m line transect was set on the 5 - 7 m depth horizontally coastal line with assumption that in this depth, coral growth well. The results of this study show that the condition of coral was between 1,00 and 53,44% indicating the condition ranged from bad to good category. Stony coral distribution was found up to 20 m depth, with the highest diversity and evennes indices were 1,06 at station 3, and 0,56 at station 4, respectively. Numbers of stony coral were 99 species belonging to 40 genus and 14 families.
Kajian Molekular Tarsius sp. Pada Gen Penyandi Cytochrome Oxidase Sub-unit 2 Mitokondria
Authors: Widayanti Rini , Handayani Niken Satuti , Budiarsa I. Made
Published: February 2022

Tarsius is an endemic species in Indonesia that is endangered. In-situ and ex-situ conservation of this species would yield better results if this genetic make up and diversity is determined. The objective of this ressearch was to study the specific genetic marker on COX2 gene of Tarsius sp. Sequencing of PCR product using primer COX2F and COX2R resulted in base sequence of 513 nts. Results of COX2 fragments sequencing were put on multiple alignment with other primates from Genbank with aid of software Clustal W, and were analyzed using MEGA program version 4.1. Eight different amino acid sites were found (amino acid no. 5, 6, 13, 14, 30, 35, 44 and 168). The genetic distance based on nucleotide COX2 calculated using Kimura 2-parameter model indicated that in the smallest genetic distance 0%, biggest 6.8% and average 2.3%. The phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining method based on the sequence of nucleotide and amino acid COX2 reveded differentiation among Tarsius from Lampung and Tarsius from Sulawesi, but could not be used to differentiate among T. dianae (from Central Sulawesi) and T. spectrum (from North Sulawesi).
Kepadatan Populasi dan Sebaran Cacing Tanah di Lahan Sawah Sistem Pertanian Organik, Semi Organik dan Konvensinal
Authors: Anwar Ea Kosman , Simanungkalit RDM. , Santoso Edi , Sukristiyonubowo Sukristiyonubowo
Published: February 2022

Earthworm is one of the soil macrofauna, which consumes organic matter for body growth and life. Therefore the earthworm can be soil organic status and soil fertility indicator. On the other hand, at present, the organic farming system is developing and positively accepted by people as yield consumer, and yield price is higher than conventional yield price. The experimen to study the earthworm population rate and spread methode was conducted in 2008 planting season, in West Java, with RBD (Randomized Block Design). Three farming system as treatment i.e Organic farming, Semi organic and Conventional farming system and six location as replication. The result showed that Semi organic farming system is the most earthworm population rate and the earthworm distribution is random model.
Uji Antimikroba Fraksi Ekstrak Metanol, Etil Asetat dan n-Heksana Daun Tabar-Tabar (Costus speciosus) dan Toksisitasnya Terhadap Larva Udang
Authors: Suryanto Dwi , Kelana Tata B , Wahyuni Sri
Published: February 2022

A Study on antimicrobial examination of fractions of methanol, ethyl-acetate, and n-hexane extract of tabar-tabar (Costus speciosus) leaf to bacteria (Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Serratia marcescens) and yeast (Candida albicans), and their toxicity to brine-shrimp (Artemia salina) larvae has been done. Examination of antimicrobial activities to the microbes were done by agar diffusion method, while test for toxicity was done by exposing 2 days-old larvae to certain concentration of the extract. Preliminary tests on phytochemical compounds in leaf were done by Mayer’s, FeCl3, Mg-HCl, foam, and 10% NaOH in methanol tests. The results showed that methanol leaf extract of tabar-tabar in general inhibited more in the growth of gram-positive Bacillus sp. and S. aureus rather than to other tested microbes. Compared to methanol and ethyl-acetate fraction, n-hexane fraction of the leaf inhibited more Bacillus sp. and E. coli. Interestingly, C. albicans was highly inhibited by n-hexane fractions. LC50 of methanol extract, ethyl-acetate, and n-hexane fraction, were 45.53, 478.37, and 824.20 ppm, respectively. Preliminary test on phytochemical compounds showed saponin was only detected in fractions of methanol and ethyl acetate extracts, steroid was detected in fraction of methanol, while triterpenoid was detected in fraction of n-hexane extract. Phenolic was detected in all extract fractions, while flavonoid, kumarin, and alkaloid on the other hand were not detected.
Analisis Keragaman Genetik Dyera costulata (Miq) Hook.f. Berdasarkan Marka “Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA”
Authors: Poerba Yuyu Suryasari , Widjaya Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2022

Dyera costulata (Miq.) Hook.f (Apocynaceae) is a large tree of the lowland tropical rain forest of Southeast Asia that occurs in Thailand, the Malay Peninsula and on the islands of Sumatera and Borneo. Its economic value was in its latex, used as gum chile in the manifacture of chewing gum. Nowadays the timber of this species is largely utilized for the manufacture of pencils and picture frames. The information on genetic diversity of the species is very limited. Hence studies were initiated and genetic diversity were estimated using Random Amplified Polymorphic (RAPD) markers in 47 accessions of Dyera costulata procured from different geographical regions of Jambi. Four selected Operon primers (10 mer) generated a total of 90 consistent amplification products ranging from 150 bp to 2.8 Kb. The cluster analysis showed that the 47 individuals were separated into one main cluster and one individual. The range of genetic dissimilarity value among samples was from 0.06 to 0.71, while genetic distance among populations was from 0.17 to 0.42. These values showed that those 47 accessions of D. costulata from Jambi was genetically originated from diverse population.
Tinjauan Pemanfaatan Ranggah Rusa dan Karapas Kura-kura Air Tawar Di Propinsi Papua
Authors: Semiadi Gono , Sidik Irvan
Published: February 2022

In Papua, rusa deer (Rusa timorensis) and freshwater turtles constitute the local people bush meat resources through hunting. These hunting activities are produced some by-products i.e. hard antlers from deer and carapace shells from freshwater turtles, where both have a high economic value. The purpose of this study was to investigate the level of production of those by-products and the pathway of the local market being established. The study was conducted at Merauke Regency, Papua, and its vicinity by visiting the key players of all collectors and trade levels. The results showed that on almost all harvested bush meat came from freshwater turtles were cooked on the location, leaving only the carapace shells. Only small quantity of the bush meat was taken home or for trading purposes. However for deer, the majority of hunting activities was done on the purpose for the meat to be sold in the market and small quantity was used for personal needs. Trading on the by-products was conducted at three levels, they were local collectors, middle collectors and local exporter. In general, over 62% of hard antlers samples being observed were uncast hard antlers and 88% of the hard antlers came from the third growth onwards. In a year, at least 1.600-3.700 pairs of hard antlers were acquired, or equivalent to 2.8-6.6 tons. The freshwater turtles being identified were Macrochelodina parkeri, Chelodina reimanni, Macrochelodina rugosa, Elseya braderhorsti and Emydura subglobosa, in which none of the species is under Appendix CITES's list or as Indonesian protected species.
Food Science and Technology (Kajian Buku)
Authors: Anugrahati Nuri Arum
Published: February 2022

Ilmu pangan merupakan disiplin ilmu terkait dengan teknik, biologi, dan fisik yang digunakan untuk mempelajari karakteristik pangan, penyebab kerusakan pangan, prinsip pengolahan pangan, dan usaha peningkatan pangan untuk konsumsi masyarakat. Teknologi pangan merupakan aplikasi ilmu pangan untuk menyeleksi, mengawetkan, mengolah, mengemas, dan mendistribusikan pangan yang bergizi tinggi sesuai dengan rambu-rambu keamanan pangan. Apabila dilihat dari definisinya, teknologi pangan terkait dengan ilmu pangan sebagai basisnya sehingga sering kedua definisi tersebut saling dipertukarkan. Alasannya seseorang yang menguasai ilmu pangan dan teknologi pangan harus memahami karakteristik komponen bahan pangan sekaligus mampu menghasilkan pangan yang bergizi dan aman untuk dikonsumsi.
Analisis Filogenetik Burung Maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) Berdasarkan Sekuen Intron Satu Gen Rhodopsin (RDP1) Nukleus
Authors: Budiarsa I Made , Artama I Wayan Tunas , Sembiring Langkah , Situmorang Jesmandt
Published: February 2022

The phylogenetic relationships of the maleo (Macrocephalon maleo) were analyzed based on thefirst intron of rhodopsin nuclear gene sequence data obtained from 15 individuals, along withthose of 22 individuals taken from GenBank. The phylogenetic trees were reconstructed byNeighbor-Joining (NJ) method. Results indicated that 956 bp of RDP1 sequence, 414 (43.4%)sites were variable and 317 (33.2%) sites were phylogenetically-informative. The basecomposition for all species analyzed in this research were as follows: T 25.3%, C 26.3%, A18.5%, and G 29.9%. Analysis of RDP1 sequence produced trees that were remarkably wellresolved and had topologies at the marga level. The phylogenetic analysis showed that maleowas monophyly of Macrocephalon and closely related to Aepypodius, Talegalla, Leipoa andAlectura.
Tipe Habitat Kesukaan Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis) di Hutan Wanagama I
Authors: Purnomo Danang Wahyu , Djuwantoko Djuwantoko , Pudyatmoko Satyawan
Published: February 2022

Wanagama I Forest (599.7 ha) is a research and education forest which is the habitat of Timor Deer (Rusa timorensis). The deer population has been breeding naturally. The habitat changes have affected to the deer in selecting the resources in its habitat and have caused the deer moving out from the forest to the more strategic area, i.e. agricultural and settlement. We suspected that the case happened because of the habitat quality degradation in the forest. The research was aimed to identify habitat types preferred by deer that were called Habitat Preference. Habitat preference was analyzed by habitat selection that was estimated using habitat-categorizing approaches (Alldredge, Thomas, and Mcdonald, 1998; Manly et al., 2002). Habitat selection was identified by chi-square test and the preference index was estimated by selection ratio index. The result of habitat-categorizing analysis showed that there was a habitat selection by the deer (chi-square test X2=15.23, α=0.05). Block 5 (selection standardized index, B=0.220), Block 17 (B=0.212), and Block 14 (B=0.149) were the habitat types which had high probability selected by the deer for their activities.
Komposisi Jenis Kepiting Ocypodidae (Dekapoda: Brachyura) di Ekosistem Mangrove dan Estuari, TN Ujung Kulon
Authors: Murniati Dewi Citra
Published: February 2022

Mangrove and estuary ecosystems are important components of the intertidal area which is the habitat of Ocypodid crabs. The study of Ocypodid crabs in Ujung Kulon National Park is still limited, while its habitat is decreasing. This study was conducted to explore the Ocypodid crabs (Brachyura: Ocypodidae) composition in mangrove and estuary ecosystems in Ujung Kulon National Park. Crabs species collection was carried out in Legon Cibariang, Panaitan Island and Cikawung, Ujung Kulon National Park. Four species of Ocypodid crabs, Ocypode ceratophthalma (Pallas, 1772), Uca annulipes (H. Milne Edwards, 1837), U. coarctata (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) and U. triangularis (A. Milne Edwards, 1873) were successfully collected from mangrove and estuary ecosystems. The species composition of Ocypodidae in Cikawung were more various than in Legon Cibariang.
Pengaruh Interaksi Genotipe dengan Lingkungan terhadap Kandungan Fe Biji Padi
Authors: Suwarto Suwarto , Nasrullah Nasrullah , Taryono Taryono , Sulistyaningsih Endang
Published: February 2022

To explore the effect of genotype, environment and genotype x environment interaction on Fe content in rice grain, Fe concentrations of 10 genotypes were analyzed across eight paddy field environments using the GGE-biplot method. Experiments were conducted from 2007 to 2008 using a randomized completely block design with three replications at each environment. Results indicated that environment (E), genotype (G) and genotype x environment interaction (GE) significantly gave effect on Fe rice concentration. Environment explained 74.43% of total (G + E + GE) variation, whereas G and GE captured 5.60% and 19.67%, respectively. The first two principal components (PC1 and PC2) were used to create a two-dimensional GGE-biplot and explained 70.40% and 15.36% of GGE sum of squares. Genotype Barumun was desirable in terms of its highest Fe rice concentration ability and stability. In Cilongok, wet season was the best representative of the overall environments and the most powerful to discriminate genotypes.
Kandungan Fenol dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Makroalga Bentik Caulerpa racemosa (Forsskal) dari Teluk Hurun, Lampung
Authors: Santoso Joko , Fitriani Diini , Wardiatno Yusli
Published: February 2022

Caulerpa racemosa is a green benthic macroalga that mainly grows in tropical regions which is expected to bask of strong ultraviolet radiation from sunlight. This circumstance can cause to increase levels of reactive radical species. To reduce and/or protect, organism like macroalga may change its metabolism and stimulate to produce some active compounds, therefore, tropical macroalgae are estimated possessing a large number of active compounds such as antioxidant. In this experiment, edible green benthic macroalga Caulerpa racemosa grown in different water condition were used. The content of total phenol and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate extract were performed. Pearson correlation between waters condition and antioxidant activities i.e. total phenol and DPPH inhibition were also analyzed. Caulerpa racemosa grown in station 2, exposed in strong radiation from sunlight, had the highest content of total phenol and percentage of DPPH inhibition, with their values were 12.60% and 46.43% respectively. Sunlight intencity in waters had strong positive correlation to the total phenol content and reducing activity of DPPH, however, parameters of nitrate and ammonia had strong negative correlation.
Pengaruh Ekstrak Daun Nerium oleander L. terhadap Mortalitas dan Perkembangan Hama Spodoptera litura Fab.
Authors: Prabowo Heri
Published: February 2022

Research was conducted at the Laboratory of Entomology, Tobacco and Fiber Crops Research Center from June to July 2009. Tests were conducted on the larvae of Spodoptera litura second instar. Concentration of leaf extract of N. oleander used was 0; 2x105; 3x105; 4x105; and 5x105ppm. Treatment was done by spraying method in the spray chamber. Treatment was arranged in a completely randomized design (RAL) with 4-time repetition. Each repetition used 25 larvae. Observed parameters included the death for every 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours; length, width, and weight of larvae after 96 hours after treatment. By 96 hours after treatment with the concentration of leaf extract 0; 2x105; 3x105; 4x105; and 5x105ppm it was capable of causing mortality S. litura, respectively for 0; 48.33; 53.33; 66.67%, dan 76.67%. By 96 hours after treatment extract concentration required to cause mortality S. litura was 25, 50, and 95% respectively of 2.35x105, 4.44x105, and 9.49x105ppm. After 96-hour treatment the concentration of leaf extract 0; 2x105; 3x105; 4x105; and 5x105ppm could cause the length, width, and weight of S. litura, respectively for 0.89 mm; 0.91 mm; 0.93 mm; 0.94 mm; 0.95 mm; 0.15 mm; 0.16 mm; 0.17 mm; 0.18 mm; 0.19 mm, 0.011 g; 0.012 gr; 0.013 g; 0.014 g and 0.016 gr. The use of N. oleander leaf extract caused mortality of S. litura between 13.33−76.67% at 24 to 96 hours after treatment. Leaf extract of N. oleander potentially caused mortality S. litura. The use of this leaf extract could also inhibit the length, width, and weight of larvae.
Pola Pergerakan Perilaku Agonistik Lobster Air Tawar Cherax quadricarinatus (Von Martens, 1868)
Authors: Tarjono Tarjono , Patria Mufti P.
Published: February 2022

This research on movement patterns of agonistic behavior in crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus was conducted at laboratory and used an aquarium size 25 cm x 10 cm x 15 cm. The patterns of agonistic behavior were recorded by using a CCD and digital camera. The recorded data were analyzed using The Adobe Premier computer program and using Jaccard similarity to solve the reciprocal movement patterns. Clustering based on the UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Average) indicated that the dissimilarity value was about 0,98 and the moving pattern of the agonistic behaviors were grouped into five groups, namely: 1) threatening; 2) arranging the strategy; 3) testing the enemies capability; 4) fighting; 5) avoiding and defending.
Analisis Keanekaragaman Isolat Bacillus thuringiensis yang Patogenik terhadap Serangga Hama Kubis (Crocidolomia binotalis) dengan Pendekatan Sistematika Numerik
Authors: Salaki Christina L. , Situmorang Jesmandt , Sembiring Langkah , Handayani Niken
Published: February 2022

Diversity of B. thuringiensis (Bt.) isolates pathogenic to C. binotalis was determined by using Numerical Systematic Method. Ten isolates were taken to represent 34 pathogenic isolates along with two reference strains namely B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki and B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis. The test isolates were examined for 89 phenotypic characters by using convensional method for colonial and cell morphology (37 characters) as well as physiological characteristics (3 characters) but biochemical characterization (49 characters) was conducted by using commercial API-50 CHB procedures. All phenotypic characters existed in one of two mutually exclusive states and were either scored plus (1) of minus (0). The binary data were prepared in Programmer’s File Editor (PFE) software. The data then were analysed by using the Multi Variate statistical Package (MVSP) Plus-Version 3.1 using the Simple Matching Coefficient (SSM). Clustering was achieved using the UPGMA algorithm. The results were presented as dendrograms. It was obtained that the test isolates were clearly assigned to two distinct multimembered clusters defined by 79.6 similarity level (S-level) in the SSM, UPGMA analysis. The two distinct clusters represented by each of two widely known different group of Bt. strains, namely serovar israelensis and serovar kurstaki. The first cluster contained reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar israelensis, and two of the isolates (Slk2.3, and YPPA1) and the second cluster contained another reference strain of B. thuringiensis serovar kurstaki, and 8 of the isolates. Therefore, it strongly suggested that the application of numerical-fenetic analysis could provide a tool to unravel the strain diversity belong to B. thuringiensis.
Interpretasi Genetik Pola Pita Isozim pada Cherax quadricarinatus Hasil Budidaya di Purwokerto dan Bogor
Authors: Bhagawati Dian , Abulias Muh. Nadjmi
Published: February 2022

A study on genetic interpretation of isozyme band patterns of C. quadricarinatus cultured in Purwokerto and Bogor showed the good visualization of aspartat transaminase, alkohol dehidrogenase, malat dehidrogenase, esterase and acid phosphatase. Twelve loci resulted low level of polymorphism (P= 0,25) and also low valve of heterozygosity (H= 0,09). It indicated that the genetic diversity of both populations was low.
Potensi Mangrove dan Manfaatnya bagi Kelompok Etnik di Papua
Authors: Arobaya Agustina , Pattiselanno Freddy
Published: February 2022

significant contribution to those who living in and around mangrove forests. Like any othercommunities who occupied areas surrounding forest sites, Papuan ethnic groups really connectand integrate with the forest environment such as mangrove forests. This paper is a review ofrelated literatures that compiled from different research which have been conducted inUniversitas Negeri Papua (UNIPA) on utilization of mangrove by local ethnic groups and its rolefor other life biota in Papua. The results indicated that mangrove plays a very important rolefor local tribes in Papua as food sources, construction materials and source of energy,traditional medicine sources and wildlife habitat that are usually consumed by the communities.Ecology-based tourism or ecotourism as one leading sector of mangrove forests in Papua,though has a good potential, has not been optimizedly used.
Potensi Arang Aktif dari Kulit Buah Durian (Durio Zibethinus Murr.) dengan Aktivator NaOH sebagai Penjernih Air Sumur
Authors: Indah Murwani Yulianti,Wibowo Nugroho Jati Jevon Aristo Pascal Budiman,
Published: February 2022

Air di beberapa daerah memiliki kualitas yang buruk, sehingga bila dikonsumsi terus-menerus dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit seperti diare, disentri dan kolera, namun dampak tersebut dapat dicegah dengan metode filtrasi arang aktif. Limbah kulit durian dapat diolah menjadi arang aktif yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan kualitas air.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan variasi penambahan konsentrasi (25%, 30%, dan 35%) dari bahan aktivasi NaOH dan waktu yang dibutuhkan (20, 40 dan 60 menit). Hasil terbaik diperoleh dari arang yang di aktivasi dengan NaOH 35% dalam kontak waktu selama 60 menit. Terjadi penurunan angka kekeruhan sebesar 95,48%, TDS sebesar 29%, kandungan logam Fe sebesar 87%, kesadahan sebesar 71,80%, dan tingkat koliform dari 24 MPN/100ml menjadi 0,1 MPN/100 ml.
Genotipe Single Nucleotide Polimorphism (SNP) Gen PLA2G10 T512C dan T-123/IN1C pada Penderita Angina Pektoris di Pusat Jantung Nasional Harapan Kita Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Mumtazah Dzul Fithria , Listiyaningsih Erlin , Wijayanti Nastiti
Published: February 2022

Angina pektoris merupakan salah satu gejala awal yang menjadi penanda masalah kardiovaskuler berat seperti penyakit jantung koroner. Sementara gen PLA2G10 dipercaya memiliki peran, baik dalam progresi aterosklerotik yang menyebabkan deposit plak dan penyumbatan pada arteri koroner, atau justru sebaliknya yaitu antiaterogenik. Polimorfisme PLA2G10 pada titik SNP T512C (rs36072688) dan T-123/in1C (rs4003232) mampu mengubah level ekspresi gen PLA2G10 sebagai gen pengode enzim sPLA2-GX. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui genotip dari PLA2G10 pada titik SNP T512C (rs36072688) and T-123/in1C (rs4003232) para penderita angina pektoris dan mengkaji apakah penyakit disebabkan karena mutasi. Sampel penelitian berupa peripheral blood mononuclear cell koleksi Divisi Litbang Rumah Sakit Jantung dan Pembuluh Darah Harapan Kita. Sampel berjumlah 113, berasal dari penderita angina pektoris dengan dan tanpa plak pada arteri koroner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gen PLA2G10 pada titik SNP T512C (rs36072688) memiliki genotip homozigot wildtype (TT) dan T-123/In1C (rs4003232) memiliki genotip heterozigot (TC) melalui metode TaqMan® SNP Genotyping Assay, dan tidak ada polimorfisme yang ditemukan pada kedua grup sampel tersebut.
Pelaksanaan CITES di Indonesia
Authors: Darjono Darjono , Prijono S. N. , Sudaryanti Sudaryanti
Published: February 2022

CITES (Konvensi PerdaganganInternasional Flora dan Fauna yang TerancamPunah) telah ditetapkan tahun 1973 diWashington. Indonesia telah meratifikasinyapada tahun 1978. Namun ternyata publikasimengenai pelaksanaan CITES di Indonesiayang lengkap belum ada. Sehingga terbitnyabuku ini: “CITES Implementation in Indonesia“ perlu kita syukuri. Buku ini cukup lengkapmembahas mengenai pelaksanaan konvensiperdagangan internasional jenis jenis Flora danFauna yang terancam punah di Indonesia.Sayangnya buku ini baru ditulis dalam bahasaInggeris.
Cladistic Analysis of Genus Amphidromus (Gastropods: Camaenidae) from Java, Indonesia: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Zahida Felicia
Published: February 2022

Karakter morfologi 8 spesies yang merupakan koleksi dari Museum Zoologi Bogor (satu spesies merupakan record koleksi baru berasal dari Taman Nasional Gunung Harimun) genus Amphidromus telah dianalisa Cladistik. Koleksi Museum ini Amphidromus banksi, A. furcillatus, A. filozonatus, A. heerianus, A. inversus, A. javanicus, dan A. palaceus dimana koleksi terbarunya adalah A. alticola.
Aplikasi Coat dan Film Pati Batang Aren untuk Mencegah Susut Berat dan Pencoklatan pada Buah Apel Terolah Minimal
Authors: Pranata F. Sinung
Published: February 2022

Minimally processed fruits provide convenience and freshness characters. Weight loss is a critical factor affecting the shelf life of minimally processed apples. These apples were limited by brown coloration that develops on surface. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of edible coat and film made from aren starch against weight loss and browning on minimally processed apples. Edible coat and film solutions were prepared from 3% (w/v) aren starch, 6% (w/w) palmitic acid, and 1% (w/v) sorbitol. Minimally processed apples were either dipped in the coating solution or wrapping by edible film and then stored at ambient temperature for 8 hours. Browning appearance was determined every 4 hours and weight loss of apples was measured every hour.  Edible film was much effective on weight loss control than coating during storage. Color analysis showed that pati aren edible  coating and film wrapping did not significantly delayed browning reaction on  minimally processed apples.
Reproduksi Seksual Karang Scleractinia: Telaah Pustaka
Authors: Bachtiar Imam
Published: February 2022

There has been a revolutioner development in our understanding about coral reproduction in the middle of 1980s. All publication, before this period, therefore provides incomplete facts and wrong conclusions about the modes of coral reproduction. Most corals are hermaphodite and broadcast spawners, in which fertilization takes place externally. Temperature, photoperiod, lunar and tidal cycles are thought to be major environmental factors influencing reproductive cycle in corals. In Indonesia, sexual pattern of scleractinian corals consistent with previously reported data from other regions. Available data show that multispecific spawning may occurs in Indonesia. There are also some evidences that there is variation in spawning season between corals in Lombok and Karimunjawa Islands.
Topografi Organ-Organ Visceral Ular Koros (Ptyas mucosus) (Short Communication)
Authors: Annawaty Annawaty
Published: February 2022

Ular dianggap berkerabat dekat dengan kadal berdasarkan anatomi perbandingan yang memperlihatkan kemiripan struktur di antara mereka.  Beberapa ahli zoologi berasumsi bahwa moyang ular merupakan hewan sebangsa kadal yang dahulunya hidup di liang. Pola hidup di liang dengan menggali lubang di dalam tanah, membuat mereka tidak begitu memanfaatkan kedua pasang tungkainya sehingga lama-kelamaan mengalami penyusutan dan akhirnya berdegenerasi. Pada beberapa kelompok ular primitif, yaitu ular-ular yang keberadaannya di bumi lebih awal dalam perhitungan skala waktu geologi, masih dijumpai adanya sisa tungkai yang berbentuk taji di dekat kloaka, seperti pada Familia Boidae, yaitu:  ular Pyton  dan ular Boa, sedangkan gelang panggul masih terdapat pada Familia Typhlopidae (Anonim, 1988; Gibbons 1988).
Analisis Vegetasi Beberapa Fragmen Hutan di Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Poleng Aloisius , Witono Joko R.
Published: February 2022

The present  study aims to describe vegetation composition and structure of fragmented areas in Timor Tengah Utara. The study was carried out in three locations : the small forest of Soeb Mountain (L1), the medium forest of Ainiut-Loeram (L2), and the large  forest of Lapeom-Maubesi Mountain (L3). The data were collected using the quadrates method. Each transect is 0,52 ha and thirteen plots (20x20 m) was established. The results show that the number of trees species in the large forest is the highest followed by the medium and the small forests (L3>L2>L1); The tree density in the large forest is the highest, followed by the small and the medium forests (L3>L1>L2). However the highest tree basal area was recorded in the small forest, followed by the large and the medium forests (L1>L3>L2). The species of the highest importance value (IV) at three locations are Pterocarpus indicus Willd., Gossampinus malabarica (DC.) Merr., and Schleichera oleosa (Lour.) Oken.
Pola Pertumbuhan dan Produksi -Amilase Bacillus amyloliquefaciens pada Substrat Pati Jagung dengan Variasi pH Awal Media dan Waktu Inkubasi
Authors: Wahyuningsih Sisilia Sri , Mursyanti Exsyupransia , Atmodjo P. Kianto
Published: February 2022

The aims of this study  were to identify the growth curve of  B. amyloliquefaciens on  corn-starch and non corn starch addition media,  number of cells  and production of a-amylase on variety initial pH during the stationary phase. The growth curve of B. amyloliquefaciens was made using the water optical density on both  medium which has inoculated by microbes. The experimental design for the a-amylase production was factorial completely randomized design (6 x 3 x 3). There were two factors included in this study i.e. initial  pH of the media ( 5,  5.5,  6,  6.5,  7 and 7.5) and incubation times (16, 18 and 20 hours). The results showed that B. amyloliquefaciens growth curve on medium with corn starch was slower than on medium without corn starch. Production of  a-amylase and number of cells were having similar patterns in all treatments, i.e. increased until optimum pH and incubation time were reached. The number of cells and a-amylase production were optimal at pH 6.5 for 18 hours incubation whereas the number of cells  (about 2.8542 x 108 cells/ml)  and a-amylase production (1.4467 units/ml) were optimal at pH 6.5 for 18 hours  incubation.
Kajian Kehadiran Inang Primer pada Pertumbuhan Semai Cendana
Authors: Wawo Albertus Husein
Published: February 2022

Sandalwood  (Santalum album L.)  is known as a fancy plant. Since they have  high economic value, it often over exploited.  As a consequence, the population  dramatically decreased  in their habitats.  Some efforts  have been  done  to conserve  this plant  in order to prevent their extinction, i.e.  seedling multiplication.  As a  hemiparasitic plant,  sandalwoods  need other  plants for a host which grow  around.  Therefore, determining of the the primary host is a necessary aspect in multiplication  of  sandalwood seedling.  This study  used  three  species  plants  to serve sandalwood seedling   as  primary host  in pot cultures consist of local leucaena (Leucaena glauca), vilosa (Acacia villosa)   and calliandra  (Calliandra  calothyrsus).   The results  of this study indicated   that A. vilosa  is better for a primary  host  than  L. glauca and  C. calothyrsus as well. Number of  root connection  between  sandalwood seedlings   and their hosts  have a close correlationship   to  the leaf  number  and the  sandalwood seedling   dry weight, whereas no significant correlationshifp to their height.
Kajian Awal Pemanenan Siput Laut (Gastropoda) di Pantai Krakal, Yogyakarta: I. Volume Pemanenan
Authors: Zahida Felicia , Sinulingga Mastok B.
Published: February 2022

A preliminary study on marine snails harvest (Gastropods) has been done in Krakal beach, Yogyakarta, during October to December 2003. Krakal beach has become an underpressure habitat since tourism industry occurred all over Indonesia. Marine snails have been harvested for over two decade but there is no study regarding the effect of this activity. This study aims to elucidate the number of species harvested, the number of each species collected, juvenil and adult, the dominant species, and hypothesize the exploitation status. Fourty species were found, 32 of these population harvested were dominated by the young. Harvest volume was about 3146 per month. These results indicate an overexploitation status.
Struktur Anatomi Daun Artemisia cina Berg. Ex Poljakov Hasil Kultur Jaringan
Authors: Ermayanti Tri Muji , Juliarni Juliarni , Andry Yuli
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to investigate the anatomical structure of leaves of Artemisia cina Berg. ex Poljakov due to variances in leaf morphology during grown in vitro. Shaking of culture, position of stem nodes used as explants and concentration of BAP (Benzyl Amino Purin) added to the culture medium were the factors investigated in this study. There was variation in leaves morphology of culture, however this variation did not occur after aclimatization and plant grown in the greenhouse. BAP decreased the level of chlorophyll content of leaves. In general, anatomical characters of leaves were not influenced by shaking, nodes position of stem and level of BAP.
Catatan Baru Persebaran Pinang Gajah (Nenga gajah J. Dransf.) (Short Communication)
Authors: Witono Joko R. , Sutrisno Sutrisno , Astuti Inggit Puji
Published: February 2022

Sumatra merupakan salah satu pulau besar di kawasan Malesia Barat yang memiliki keanekaragaman palem yang tinggi. Menurut Uhl & Dransfield (1987), di Sumatra terdapat 26 marga palem, salah satu diantaranya adalah Nenga. Nenga terdiri atas 5 jenis, yaitu Nenga gajah, N. pumila, N. banaensis, N. macrocarpa, dan N. grandiflora (Fernando, 1983). Kelima jenis tersebut tumbuh pada daerah hutan hujan tropika pada ketinggian antara 0-1.400 m dpl. Daerah persebarannya di Asia Tenggara mulai Thailand, Semenanjung Malaya, Sumatra, Jawa, dan Kalimantan. Satu-satunya jenis Nenga yang dinyatakan sebagai jenis endemik, sekaligus langka adalah Nenga gajah (WCMC, 1996) karena populasinya yang sangat rendah dan terancam oleh aktivitas perladangan liar dan perluasan kebun kopi rakyat.
Incorporating a Digital Serious Game into Real-life Distance Learning Practices via Educational Scenarios
Authors: Stamou Klio , Koumentakou Helena , Voutos Yorghos , Mylonas Phivos
Published: February 2022

In recent years and after continuous training of educators, the design of flexible educational scenarios is gradually evolving and being integrated into the teaching practice, which is related to the proposed ways of implementing pre-selected modules from the curriculum of a subject and can be applied to distance learning. In this context and during the development of the "BYRON" and "MON REPO" projects, educational scenarios were designed and implemented in practice. These are based on the serious games design principles and follow existing and modern pedagogical theories. In particular, the aim of designing educational scenarios is to reflect the latest research on the integration and utilization of serious games in the teaching of History and through distance learning. Furthermore, the activities aim at highlighting the role of ICT in teaching strategies, which support the playful way of approaching knowledge, with particular emphasis on supporting and promoting transitions from frontal teaching, group teaching and in collaborative learning, transforming the form of teaching from teacher-centered to student-centered, by deploying specific educational scenarios. The structure of the scenarios, their supported activities and the evaluation process, are closely intertwined with the plot of the digital educational serious game "BYRON", as well as the on-site project "MON REPO".