bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING LECTURERS’ RESISTANCE TO ACADEMIC STAFF DEVELOPMENT AT A HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTION IN THE EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Baleni Zwelijongile Gaylard , Buka Mqondisi Andrea , Ndebele Clever
Published: June 2022

Higher education institutions and specifically lecturers must stay pertinent and informed of the changes in the academic world. The necessity for staff development programmes in higher education institutions is in accordance with the acknowledgment that transformation for academics is crucial and they need to continually consider their practices to stay pertinent in their disciplines and in teaching and learning issues. Using Karl Marx critical theory, this article explores some dialogue that build lecturers’ assertiveness towards teaching and learning in their fields of study. It strives to explore academics' struggle to engage in initiatives on professionalising academic training. Lecturers might interpret academic staff development initiatives as dictatorial and these result in unwanted consequences for both academics and the institution. The study used the 2017-2018 Campus academics statistics on Academic Staff Development (ASD) workshops to sample participants. Questionnaires were sent through google docs to 80 participants. The findings show that there is resistance to undertake professional development courses because of departmental cultures and traditions are detrimental to academic staff development; workload; undervaluing teaching and learning; workshop emphasis on the theoretical features of teaching than practical examples as well as lack of motivation and incentives among others. A well-planned and continuous ASD creates better impact on encouraging and professionalising academics on innovative pedagogies.
INTERVENTION OF AUTOGENOUS TRAINING TECHNIQUES FOR PSYCHOLOGICAL PREPAREDNESS OF SPORTS SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Vecenane Helena , Vazne Žermēna
Published: June 2022

Athletes' success in sports is linked not only to good physical, technical and tactical preparedness, but also to psychological fitness. In sports psychology there are two basic types of psychological preparation, namely general psychological preparation and special psychological preparation. Just as comprehensive physical preparation is the basis for an athlete's special, technical, tactical fitness, so comprehensive psychological preparation is the basis for an athlete's mental toughness both during the training and competing. Regardless of the stressors, the athletes with higher levels of mental toughness can overcome more easily the negative effects of stress. In order to gain mental toughness skills, it is necessary to develop basic psychological skills at the same time as starting sports activities, and this process should continue in parallel with the entire training process. The aim of the study: to explore the intervention benefits of autogenous training (AT) techniques for improving the psychological skills of young women volleyball players. Research method: a survey was employed for obtaining the athletes' feedback. Results: Statistically significant changes were found in the self-assessment of athletes' well-being after autogenous training. The self-assessment results show that athletes reach different AT acquisition levels as the result of a two-month AT intervention: 7.7% of athletes do not have difficulty with AT techniques, for 30.8% AT come easy, but not always, 53.8% of athletes sometimes manage to feel warmth in different parts of the body, relax, concentrate, focus attention on breathing and repetition of the target formulas, but for 7.7% of athletes the acquisition results of AT techniques are poor.
Comprehensive rehabilitation for injuries to the medial collateral ligament of the knee in skiers and snowkiters
Authors: Levkov Vitaly Yu. , Ikonnikova Mariya S. , Andronova Larisa B. , Remizov Andrey N. , Panyukov Maxim V. , Butorina Antonina V. , Polyaev Boris A. , Lobov Andrey N. , Plotnikov Valeriy P. , Platonova Aleksandra V.
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: The main function of the medial collateral ligament is static stabilization when the tibia is deviated outward. Medial collateral ligament damage may result from the application of a sharp force to the tibia and knee joint in a valgus position, often leading to knee instability, recurrent synovitis and posttraumatic osteoarthritis. This often results in the development of functional disorders that sharply limit the motor abilities of patients, thereby affecting the performance (support ability) of the injured limb.
AIM: The study aimed to conduct a comparative analysis of the efficiency of various current rehabilitation techniques providing a more patient-oriented approach in the conservative treatment of various degrees of medial collateral ligament injuries based on the assessment of the capabilities of magnetic resonance imaging in 38 patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-eight patients (27 men and 11 women, 71.05% and 28.95%, respectively) with partial medial collateral ligament injuries were followed up. The mean age was 28.5 years (1938 years). All subjects were involved in skiing and snowkiting in the alpine skiing discipline. The diagnosis was made based on clinical examination, patients complaints, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the knee joint. The examination was performed on a Vestra-2 magnetic resonance tomograph with a superconducting magnet and a magnetic field induction of 0.5 Tesla. Optimal for knee joint examination was a quadrature Surf-76 receiving and transmitting coil, which allowed the selection of a small field of view without artifacts or spatial distortion and increased the signal/noise ratio. The knee joints were examined twice: on the day of admission (maximum 1.5 days after injury) and at the end of the week 6 of conservative treatment.
RESULTS: Using the rehabilitation treatment program proposed by the authors in patients with medial collateral ligament injuries, a decrease in the severity of clinical symptoms and an improvement of functional characteristics were observed. Inclusion of the kinesiotaping technique led to a reduction of the treatment recovery period.
CONCLUSIONS: Current noninvasive diagnostic techniques (in particular, MRI) for bone tissues, articular cartilages, and periarticular soft tissues allow to determine the degree of damage to anatomical structures, choose the optimal conservative treatment method , and set the duration and extent of artificial immobilization and the terms of the onset of rehabilitation procedures for patients with partial injuries of the medial collateral ligaments. The results of the proposed rehabilitation treatment program for injuries of the medial knee ligament include a reduction of pain, synovitis and limping, and an improvement of muscle strength and elasticity and knee stability.
Is the С-reactive protein/albumin ratio a prognostic factor in children with peripheral facial paralysis?
Authors: Ayral Muhammed , Toprak Serdar Ferit , Samanci Serhat , Dedeoglu Serkan
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Bells Palsy (BP), accepted as an idiopathic condition and for which inflammation is believed to have a role in the pathogenesis, is a disease characterized by acute unilateral weakness in facial muscles innervated by the facial nerve.
AIM: This study aimed to examine the relationship between the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) and hematological parameters including the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and red cell distribution width (RDW) in children with BP.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 65 children diagnosed with idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis and a control group of 49 healthy children. The patients were classified into two groups according to the House-Brackmann (HB) grade at the time of diagnosis, as mild (HB grade 23) and severe (HB grade 45). Patients evaluated as HB grade 1 with normal, healthy, and symmetrical muscle function were not included in the study. The children in the patient group were classified into three groups at the end of a six-month follow-up period as full recovery, partial recovery, and no recovery. The patient and control groups were compared according to the CAR, NLR, PLR, MPV, and RDW values. After treatment, the full recovery and no recovery groups were compared based on the CAR, NLR, PLR, MPV, and RDW values.
RESULTS: The NLR was found to be significantly higher in the BP patient group than in the control group (p 0.001). There was also a significant difference in the NLR value between the full recovery and no recovery groups. No statistically significant difference was found between the patient and control groups or between the full recovery and no recovery groups in terms of the CAR, PLR, MPV and RDW values.
CONCLUSIONS: NLR, an easily accessed hematological parameter, may be used as a marker of poor prognosis in pediatric patients with BP. CAR was of no prognostic value in pediatric BP patients.
Current views on the diagnosis and treatment of spleen injuries in children
Authors: Rozenfel'd Igor I. , Chilikina Daniella L. , Varpetyan Ani M. , Kakhlerova Tamila A.
Published: June 2022

The study highlights current problems arising from the use of various surgical techniques for the treatment of spleen injuries and their consequences. Through a literature review, we aimed to determine the structure of spleen injuries and peculiarities of their diagnosis and treatment in children and identify the main indications, consequences, and selection criteria for spleen surgery techniques. A comparison of different assessment methods and surgical techniques and determination of the most optimal method that improves patients quality of life are presented. An algorithm of procedures for closed abdominal trauma in children is specified.
Retraction Notice: “Assessment Results of Surgical Treatment of Sciatic Nerve Injuries”. Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia. 2009;(1):96-98
Authors: Khamzaev Ruslan I. , Bersnev Valery P. , Boroda Yuri I.
Published: June 2022

The article Assessment results of surgical treatment of sciatic nerve injuries published in Traumatology and Orthopedics of Russia (2009, No 1) by R.A. Khamzaev, V.P. Bersnev, Y.I. Boroda is a duplicate of the article Results of the epineural suture of the sciatic nerve by the same authors published in the Grekovs Bulletin of Surgery. 2009;(1):61-63. That was the reason for retraction.

Revealed April 20, 2022 by the Editorial Board.
Safety and efficacy of percutaneous vesselplasty (Vessel-X) in the treatment of symptomatic thoracolumbar vertebral fractures
Authors: Masala Salvatore , Lacchè Adriano , Zini Chiara , Mannatrizio Domenico , Marcia Stefano , Bellini Matteo , Guglielmi Giuseppe
Published: June 2022

AIMS: to assess radiological and clinical outcomes, in terms of safety and efficacy, of symptomatic vertebral fractures with and without posterior wall and\or both endplates involvement, treated with vesselplasty technique (Vessel-X, Dragon Crown Medical Co., Ltd Shandong, China).
MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated 66 Patients who underwent 92 vesselplasty procedures, performed for the treatment of symptomatic vertebral body fractures from March 19 to September 2020. We divided the fractures in two subgroups: 36 vertebral fractures with posterior wall and/or both endplates involvement, which we defined complex, while all the others were defined simple. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) values has been registered 1 day before the procedure and at 1, 6 and 12 months follow-up. We also evaluated vertebral height restoration by comparing pre-interventional with post-interventional imaging.
RESULTS: 92 vertebrae were treated (58 lumbar, 34 thoracic), with 24 multilevel procedures. We observed a technical success rate of 100%, without major complications; a single case of asymptomatic paravertebral cement leak was reported. Both simple and complex subgroups registered a significative statistical difference in NRS and ODI between preoperative and at 1, 6 and 12 months (p 0.05). A significant statistical difference was demonstrated in vertebral height comparing pre-operative and post-operative data (p 0.05). No significant difference in vertebral height restoration was observed between simple and complex vertebral fractures groups.
CONCLUSIONS: Vesselplasty represents a safe and effective technique for the treatment of both simple and complex painful vertebral fractures, granting a significant reduction of symptoms, excellent cement leakage control and proper vertebral height restoration.
Dripper clogging: emphasis on the problem and how to minimize impact
Authors: Alvarenga Almeida Isabela , José de Sousa Pereira Diego , De Oliveira Costa Jéfferson , Alberto Quiloango-Chimarro Carlos , Duarte Coelho Rubens
Published: June 2022

Irrigation is a useful tool to achieve a better productivity and quality foods, which contributes to a higher efficient use of agriculture land. Drip irrigation is characterized by higher application efficiency, providing an efficient control of the irrigation depth required. Moreover, it has advantages such as lower evaporation loss and higher crop yields when associated with fertigation. However, dripper clogging is pointed out by several authors as the main limiting factor for a rapid adoption of drip irrigation on a larger scale. Emitter clogging susceptibility depends basically on five parameters: water quality, filtration system, fertilizer quality, labyrinth architectural layout and maintenance procedures. The adoption of chemical treatments helps to control biological agents and precipitates, making it possible to minimize the risk of clogging. This paper aims to understand how drip clogging process occurs, providing scientific arguments and support on the development of a standardized test pattern, making progress in order to identify commercial emitters that are less susceptible to clogging under field conditions.
Tutorías remotas: revisión de la literatura
Authors: Hevia Felipe , Székely Miguel , Vinacur Tamara , Zoido Pablo
Published: June 2022

En esta nota de discusión se revisa la literatura en torno a las estrategias de aceleración de aprendizajes por medio de tutorías remotas y se presentan las características y resultados de diversos modelos susceptibles de replicarse a escala y de manera costo-efectiva.
Metasystem organization of subject determinants of professional activity
Authors: Karpov Anatoly V.
Published: June 2022

Theoretical-methodological and empirical-experimental materials are presented that reveal and explain the specifics of the organization of the most important category of subjective determinants of labor activity - professional competencies. It is shown that its main principle is the principle of metasystem organization. From these positions, a new solution is given to the key problem of the psychology of activity - the problem of the correlation of two main classes of professional competencies, denoted by the concepts of «hard» and «soft» skills (hard-skills and soft-skills). The formulated theoretical provisions are concretized in relation to the tasks of psychological analysis of one of the most significant and decisive types of professional activity in the structure of the modern division of labor - information, implemented on the basis of computer technologies.
The Practice of Dedicating Churches by Tsar Ivan the Terrible During the Livonian War
Authors: Melnik Alexander G.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes for the first time the practice of dedicating churches by Tsar Ivan the Terrible. Churches that he ordered to be built in the conquered cities of Livonia in 1577. This practice characterizes some features of the Tsar’s religiosity. In most cases, when choosing such dedications, he was guided by the church calendar, but he did it arbitrarily, following his personal preferences. These preferences were expressed in the fact that the tsar dedicated a significant part of the churches to the Mother of God and Russian saints.
London Africans: on the way to the racial identity
Authors: Blinova Elizaveta V.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the genesis and subsequent evolution of the racial identity of Africans in London. The formation and further development of the racial identity of London Africans went through several levels over the centuries. The background of their origin can be traced back to the 16th century. The beginning of the slave trade suspended the processes aimed at the formation of the racial identity of blacks - Africans were forced to adapt to the new realities of their existence. Elements of African racial identity in London reappeared in the last quarter of the eighteenth century. The acquisition of the racial identity took place among the intellectuals, while other groups of Africans (students, servants, workers, the African poor) embarked on the path of consolidation. At the turn of the 19th - 20th centuries. racial self-consciousness has acquired relatively mature features, having passed from the individual level to the collective level.
Functions of criminal law axioms in law-making activities
Authors: Kabanov Vyacheslav M.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the functions of criminal law axioms in law-making activity, on the basis of which such functions as: social, regulatory, evaluative, of stimulating law-making activity, compensatory, epistemological and aesthetic are distinguished functions. Each of them are revealed and justified. In particular, it is concluded that the social function of criminal law axioms underlies the idea of social justice, equality of all before the law, responsibility and humanism; the regulatory function manifests itself both in achieving the necessary law-making result in the form of the adoption of legal acts, and in the establishment of certain prohibitions, duties and regulations; with the help of the evaluation function, a study of a specific legal phenomenon, an event that may be embedded in a certain norm; the function of stimulating law-making activity motivates the legislator to create and change legal norms; the compensation function allows you to fill in the gap by applying an analogy; the epistemological function is manifested in the fact that with its help a certain doubt is allowed, without which the process of cognition is impossible; the aesthetic function is to give the axiom a logically constructed, meaningful and complete form. Examples of the implementation of the functions of specific criminal law axioms are given and the opinions of various authors on this issue are analyzed. At the end of the article, relevant conclusions are drawn based on the results of the study.
The correlation of cognitive flexibility, decision-making styles, implicit theories of intelligence and personality, and academic motivation of students
Authors: Lastovenko Darya V. , Muzalevskaia Alyona A.
Published: June 2022

The article is devoted to the discussion of the features of cognitive flexibilism, decision-making styles, implicit representation of intelligence and personality and academic motivation in technical university students. Two groups with high and average level of cognitive flexibilism were distinguished on the sample of 166 students on the basis of cluster analysis. The features of internal correlation factors between the indicators considered in the study in the groups distinguished by the level of flexibilism were shown. The greatest number of connections was found between the indices of general flexibilism and students’ intrinsic motivation, with implicit notions of intelligence and personality, and negatively with maladaptive coping. Regression analysis showed that predictors having the greatest influence on flexibilism are «Motivation for achievement», «Acceptance» of the theory of "increasing intelligence", "Vigilance" and "Extrinsic motivation".
Partiality of Emotional Intelligence as Determinants of Management Decisions
Authors: Sidorova Natalia V.
Published: June 2022

В работе представлены результаты влияния эмоционального интеллекта на стилевую дифференциацию процессов принятия управленческих решений. Впервые выявлено диверсифицированное влияние эмоционального интеллекта на управленческую деятельность, которое проявляется в том, что эмоциональный интеллект отрицательно влияет на стиль принятия управленческих решений.
Algocracy in the Political System: Pro & Contra
Authors: Ignatjeva Olga A.
Published: June 2022

The development of information and communication technologies leads to new technological phenomena, such as artificial intelligence, which makes it possible to increase the capacity of the human brain to process information and make decisions. Over the last twenty years, the information collection system has become more complex, its volume is growing exponentially, and new ways of processing information, such as neural networks and machine learning, are appearing. Technologies are rapidly changing and developing, and of course the public administration system takes them to improve the accuracy of forecasts and the quality of decision-making in various policy sectors. Algorithmic governance is referred to by the term algocracy. However, not all of the public administration system works with the use of machine learning algorithms remain areas where traditional decision-making methods persist. Despite the progressiveness of algorithmic governance there are still a number of problematic aspects that require ethical and legislative regulation of algorithmic governance. The purpose of this article is to analyze the essence of governance based on the use of big data algorithms and to present a classification of the advantages and risks of an automated data analysis system for public administration.
Youth communication: sociocultural features expectations
Authors: Zubok Yulia A. , Chankova Elena V.
Published: June 2022

The social expectations of young people are presented in correlation with the meanings of communication and socio-cultural characteristics that have age, gender and educational characteristics. The conducted three-dimensional analysis allows us to analyze changes in the communicative expectations of young people. The dominance of the terminal meanings of communication over the instrumental ones, which are based on basic life socio-cultural values, formed by the historically traditional way of common collective life, is revealed. A stable group of expectations is singled out, formed by the background semantic contexts of traditional culture. Differences of a situational nature are expressed in group expectations. In age groups, expectations of attention and understanding are highly significant and the level of expectations decreases with age. Expectations for like-mindedness and relationship retention increase with age. In gender groups, there are both expectations that coincide in men and women, and partially overlapping: the need for attention and understanding, trust is typical for men who share the terminal meanings of communication, in such a group of women, expectations of attention and understanding, like-mindedness and maintaining relationships are important. Contradictory trends in expectations are observed in groups of different levels of education: the expectation of unanimity increases with an increase in the level of education, the expectation of trust decreases with an increase in the level of education for all meanings. It is concluded that there are differences in the structure of expectations in different socio-demographic youth groups, which is due to changes in the socio-cultural parameters of communication. These are growing up, an increase in the level of education, gender traditions against a common semantic socio-cultural rather traditional background.
Information security in the new social reality: key features and ways of preservation
Authors: Karepova Svetlana G. , Kostolomova Marina V. , Nekrasov Sergey V. , Pinchuk Antonina N.
Published: June 2022

The article deals with the aspect of the national security of the country including information security and its scientific-practical arrangements for consolidation and preservation, which appears to be relevant and enshrined in the regulatory state documents. The main content of the article considers both the key features of information security within various interdisciplinary national scientific studies and its normative consolidation. The article highlights information security in the current context that determines the bifurcational essence of Russia’s modern social reality. Special attention is paid to the social and psychological aspect of understanding the phenomenon leading to modern society’s consciousness. The authors note that the managerial implementation plan of information security has not been theoretically and practically thrashed out yet, and it is currently being paid insufficient attention to. The article presents a number of scientific-practical arrangements for information security consolidation at the societal level including the potential of such system-creating factors as scientific, educational, lawmaking and others. Clearly, the list of the arrangements presented requires further elaboration and is not comprehensive. This research area is noted to have a prominent scientific potential and a high scientific-practical demand in the future.
Current changes in social media and the digital environment during a special military operation in Ukraine
Authors: Levashov Victor K. , Grebnyak Oksana V.
Published: June 2022

The article analyzes the changes taking place in the global social network space under the conditions of a special military operation in Ukraine. The authors draw attention to the difficulties encountered in maintaining the planned pace of development of the national project «Digital Economy» and to the consequences of blocking a number of information channels and social networks both in Russia and abroad. At the same time, they emphasize the growing demand for Russian developments in the field of information and communication technologies (ICT), and the increase in the digital culture and literacy of citizens in circumventing blockages in search of the necessary information or contacts. Particular attention is paid to the problem of abundance and difficulties of verification of information flows that are an integral part of the global information warfare. The article is based on analytical reviews and data from sociological studies of the transformation of media space in 2022.is noted to have a prominent scientific potential and a high scientific-practical demand in the future.
Integración de la formación profesional y mejora en la atención de la población LGBT
Authors: De Lima e Silva Viviane Xavier , Travassos Thaís de Vasconcelos
Published: June 2022

Propósito/Contexto. Los servicios de salud no han logrado adaptarse a las necesidades de la población LGBT, especialmente en las zonas rurales, por lo cual se identificó la necesidad de trabajar en este tema con un equipo de tutores en el área de la salud. El objetivo fue fortalecer la dimensión bioética de la integración docente-servicio, colaborando con la formación permanente de los trabajadores y favoreciendo el acceso de la población LGBT al servicio.

Metodología/Enfoque. Se realizó un círculo de conversación con los tutores de un servicio de salud rural, allí se abordaron y se discutieron las dudas sobre diferentes temas: sexualidades, denominación social, prevención de enfermedades, violencia y ética en el cuidado de la población LGBT. Antes y después de la actividad se practicaron pruebas de conocimiento.

Resultados/Hallazgos. El promedio de aciertos en la prueba de conocimientos antes de la actividad fue del 53 %, y se elevó al 97 % después de la actividad. Los profesionales mostraron interés en pensar en estrategias para cuidar a esta población y reportaron sentirse más seguros al respecto.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. La educación continua que integra la enseñanza y la asistencia mejora potencialmente la atención a la salud, de esta manera se garantizan los derechos de las personas. También puede hacer que las escuelas ejerzan su responsabilidad social de una manera más directa y ética.
Privacidad y confidencialidad en el manejo de los estudios y las redes de imágenes
Authors: Peña Casanovas Aisa , Casanova Perdomo Ana Rosa , Peña Casanova Mónica
Published: June 2022

Propósito/Contexto. El propósito del artículo es identificar los conocimientos y criterios sobre los principios bioéticos de privacidad y confidencialidad en los especialistas del Hospital Clínico Quirúrgico Hermanos Ameijeiras, de la capital cubana, en relación al uso y manejo de los estudios de imágenes y establecer si en su uso a través de las redes se cumplen estos principios.

Metodología/Enfoque. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, entre 2019 y 2021; la aplicación de criterios de selección permitió contar con una muestra constituida por 45 profesionales. Los resultados se analizaron y se estratificaron según grupos y variables de estudio. Se emplearon métodos teóricos, empíricos y de estadística descriptiva y se expresaron en tablas.

Resultados/Hallazgos. El 100% de los encuestados consideró que los resultados de los estudios de imágenes debían comunicarlos los médicos de asistencia. El 75% consideró que los resultados se deben comunicar al paciente  competente y el 91% consideró que eran los valores y motivos del paciente los que debían regir en las decisiones éticas. La privacidad en el manejo de los estudios y las redes de imágenes se vulneraba en algunas situaciones.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Los encuestados consideraron de gran importancia actuar éticamente, respetando la dignidad e intimidad  del paciente y la confidencialidad del acto médico. Las redes sociales y el acceso fácil a la información deben ser debidamente manejados para resguardar la confidencialidad.
Plano Avançado de Cuidado: Um instrumento para preservação da autonomia do paciente
Authors: Melgaço Nelma , Albuquerque Aline
Published: June 2022

Objetivo/Contexto. O objetivo deste artigo é demonstrar que o Plano Avançado de Cuidado (PAC) consiste em uma ferramenta de promoção da autonomia relacional do paciente, materializando o princípio do respeito à autonomia contido no artigo 5 da Declaração Universal sobre Bioética e Direitos Humanos.

O PAC é um processo contínuo e dinâmico de reflexão e diálogo entre o paciente adulto e capaz, parentes próximos e profissionais de saúde a respeito das suas necessidades, vontade, preferências e valores pessoais no que tange a tratamentos e cuidados futuros, incluindo cuidados no fim da vida.

Metodologia/Abordagem. Trata-se de pesquisa teórica e documental embasada, principalmente, na experiência canadense, tendo em vista que no cenário brasileiro a temática é incipiente.

Resultados/Descobertas. O PAC tem como escopo a preservação da autonomia do paciente que, no futuro devido à evolução de uma doença grave, perderá sua capacidade decisional.

Discussão/Conclusões/Contribuições. Conclui-se que o PAC aumenta a satisfação e a adesão do paciente aos procedimentos e tratamentos médicos; amplia a probabilidade das escolhas do paciente e dos seus familiares serem concretizadas mesmo em momentos críticos futuros e diminui o estresse dos familiares.
Reflexiones bioéticas de los derechos sexuales en personas con discapacidad
Authors: Hernández-Valdez Martha Patricia
Published: June 2022

Propósito/Contexto. De acuerdo con la Organización de las Naciones Unidades, la discapacidad se describe como un estado de deficiencia física, mental, intelectual o sensorial a largo plazo que, al interactuar con diversas barreras económicas, laborales, educativas, entre otras, impiden o limitan considerablemente la participación plena y efectiva de los individuos en la sociedad.

Metodología/Enfoque. El presente trabajo reflexiona cómo esta condición afecta a la persona discapacitada en sus esferas biológica, psicológica, social y espiritual dado que la experiencia es diferente para cada individuo (muchas veces dependiendo de cuál sea el tipo de discapacidad que se posee).

Resultados/Hallazgos. En este sentido, el aspecto relacionado con los derechos sexuales no se encuentra únicamente desprovisto de la atención considerada necesaria para un correcto desarrollo integral, sino muchas veces es ignorado por los profesionistas de la salud.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Por ello se propone que en el reconocimiento a la dignidad humana se incluya la dimensión sexual de las personas con discapacidad, para lo cual es importante capacitarlas y rehabilitarlas a nivel sensorial y funcional, desarrollando las alternativas que se tienen para mantener la función erótica sin limitar su crecimiento psico-espiritual.
La representación de la sociedad civil en la regulación de las investigaciones biomédicas en Costa Rica
Authors: Vargas Álvarez Diana , Rudin Daniel , Villegas Lemaitre Tatiana , Freddy Arias
Published: June 2022

Propósito/Contexto. El objetivo de la presente investigación es identificar el papel de la sociedad civil en la regulación de la investigación biomédica en Costa Rica. Por tanto, se pretende ilustrar el papel de la representación de la sociedad civil dentro de los comités de ética científicos (CEC) de las diferentes entidades que cuentan con uno.

Metodología/Enfoque. Para esto, se obtuvo la información de los representantes de la sociedad civil de los diferentes CEC inscritos en el país y se le realizó una breve entrevista a cada uno, con la finalidad de aclarar ciertos aspectos importantes y elucidar la verdadera participación de estos representantes en la regulación de la investigación biomédica.

Resultados/Hallazgos. Los resultados reflejan que los representantes de la sociedad civil en los CEC tienen diferentes formaciones, grados de preparación previos a integrar su respectivo CEC, diferentes motivaciones y conceptos de cuál es su labor como representantes.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Esto resalta la importancia de que se les brinde una capacitación adecuada en la cual se les den las herramientas para poder participar en sus funciones de manera que se busque siempre mantener una base ética.
Entre distribución y reconocimiento. Reflexiones en torno al debate sobre justicia en salud pública
Authors: Arpini Adriana María
Published: June 2022

Propósito/Contexto. Abordamos el problema de la justicia en relación con los debates acerca de la salud pública. Se trata de un problema complejo, ya que no se puede prescindir de consideraciones acerca de las formas de vida, de las amenazas al bienestar y de las diferencias en la redistribución de los bienes materiales y simbólicos. De ahí la necesidad de comenzar por plantear un re-dimensionamiento epistemológico y ético-político, que haga lugar a la mirada de los más desprotegidos, a la perspectiva de género, al diálogo intercultural y a los saberes complementarios.

Metodología/Enfoque. Tras una breve referencia a la noción clásica de justicia, apelamos a los desarrollos contemporáneos de Enrique Dussel y Amatya Sen.

Resultados/Hallazgos. Encontramos que ambos resultan complementarios y contribuyen al diseño de un cuadro analítico que permite visualizar formas de injusticia provocadas por deficiencias en la redistribución y el reconocimiento, y sus combinaciones, que redundan en la profundización y prolongación en el tiempo de situaciones de injusticia.

Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Llamamos la atención acerca de los modos en que se presenta la injusticia en diversas relaciones: entre democracia y desigualdad, democracia y diversidad, capitalismo y desigualdad, capitalismo y diversidad.
Bioética y aplicación de las tecnologías disruptivas en la seguridad alimentaria y en vigilancia de la nutrición de los niños
Authors: Rodríguez Escobar Gilma
Published: June 2022

Propósito/Contexto. El propósito de este trabajo es mostrar, por medio de diferentes experiencias en Suramérica, África y Asia, las motivaciones bioéticas de los autores en la aplicación de tecnologías disruptivas para mejorar la seguridad alimentaria y la vigilancia de la nutrición infantil en zonas alejadas. Metodología/Enfoque. Se realizó una revisión documental sobre la aplicación de las tecnologías en la seguridad alimentaria y la vigilancia nutricional de los niños en zonas alejadas. Se buscó en las bases de datos publicaciones con palabras clave: seguridad alimentaria, vigilancia nutricional, dispositivos electrónicos, malnutrición infantil. Resultados/Hallazgos. Los autores se motivaron por el derecho a la vida, a la alimentación y nutrición, la justicia social, salvar vidas, mejorar su calidad, disminuir las brechas de deficiencias nutricionales, llevar ayudas humanitarias en guerras y hambrunas. Aspectos que hacen parte de los compromisos de la bioética con la justicia social, la salud pública y los derechos humanos. El enfoque de derechos y la justicia social motivaron a los investigadores a crear convergencias entre los diferentes actores. Discusión/Conclusiones/Contribuciones. Es indispensable que las políticas públicas en nutrición infantil inviertan recursos tecnológicos para la convergencia entre instituciones, sectores y actores para la vigilancia continua, el acceso a recursos, las alertas tempranas y el seguimiento de los casos.
Erasing Territorial Sovereignty: Bacurau
Authors: Velozo Edgar Garcia , Schmidt Patricio Caroline
Published: June 2022

A film review of the 2019 Brazilian film Bacurau.
The Border of My Body
Authors: Djurić Dubravka
Published: June 2022

With my husband Miško Šuvaković, I spent October 1998 in Ljubljana, Slovenia. It was a time when Serbia expected a NATO intervention, which happened in the spring the following year. I was intensively reading the selection of Slovenian poetry translated into Serbo-Croatian by the Slovenian-Bosnian poet, Josip Osti. As someone raised as a Yugoslavian by nationality, the wars in Yugoslavia were a personal drama. Inspired by Osti’s translations and the political situation, I wrote fourteen poems titled “Eseji o slobodi kretanja” (“Essays on the Freedom of Moving”). At the centre of most of these poems were the questions of borders in materiality and in our minds, and of the impossibility of moving through the new countries’ borders that appeared during and after the Yugoslavian wars. The emotional relationship to the war as well as the geopolitical and geocultural changes in this region are at the center of these poems. The two poems presented here were published in my collection of poetry, All-Over (Belgrade: Feminist 94, 2004).
Trois Regimes de Murs / Three Regimes of Walls
Authors: Pacheco Benites Alberto
Published: June 2022

Nous présentons ici à titre cartographique, une approche de nos murs actuels, suggérant trois types de murs de notre vie quotidienne qui obéiraient chacun aux divers régimes qui les soutiennent

This essay is a cartography, an approximation to our current walls, a postulation for the existence of three types of walls present in the quotidian, that comply at the same time with the diverse regimes that support them.
Проблема сопоставительного изучения фразеологического материала разноструктурных языков на семантическом уровне (на примере английского и русского языков)
Authors: Сабаева Э.К. , Нурутдинова А.Р.
Published: June 2022

Научная работа рассматривает новый научный подход к решению одной из самых сложных проблем сопоставительного изучения фразеологического материала разноструктурных языков на семантическом уровне. Актуальность данной научной работы в том, что она помогает определить сходства и различия в языковой картине мира; выявить особенности разных языков; исследовать способы отражения действительности в языке; изучить языковую картину мира. Наше исследование показывает, что метод компонентного анализа обеспечивает более сложный и глубокий анализ описания семантической структуры фразеологического значения в английском и русском языках. Было проанализировано более 1000 фразеологических единиц из одноязычных и двуязычных фразеологических словарей, английских и русских толковых словарей с целью описания структуры английских и русских фразеологических единиц, выявления устойчивых семантических корреляций между ними. Также было представлено три типа межъязыковых фразеологических соответствий / несоответствий: семантические эквиваленты, семантические аналоги и частичные семантические аналоги. Результаты исследования показывают, ярко выраженное количественное преобладание семантических аналогов над семантическими эквивалентами, что можно объяснить особенностями развития двух отдаленно родственных языков. Дальнейшее исследование направлено на сопоставительное изучение способов перевода фразеологических единиц, не имеющих прямых эквивалентов (культурно-специфическая лексика) в других языках, что позволит переводчикам представить близкую к оригинальному смыслу интерпретацию.
Mammalian eye gene expression using support vector regression to evaluate a strategy for detecting human eye disease
Authors: Roozbeh Mahdi , Maanavi Monireh
Published: June 2022

Background and purpose: Machine learning is a class of modern and strong tools that can solve many important problems that nowadays Humans may be faced with. Support Vector Regression (SVR) is a way to build a regression model which is an incredible member of the machine learning family. SVR has been proven to be an effective tool in real-value function estimation. As a supervised-learning approach, SVR trains using a symmetrical loss function, which equally penalizes high and low misestimates. Recently, high-dimensional datasets are the most challenging problem that may be faced. The main problems in high-dimensional data are the estimation of the coefficients and interpretation. In the high-dimension problems, classical methods are not applicable because of a large number of predictor variables. SVR is an excellent alternative method to analyze such datasets. One of the main advantages of SVR is that its computational complexity does not depend on the dimensionality of the input space. Additionally, it has excellent generalization capability, with high prediction accuracy.
Methods: SVR is one of the best methods to analyze high-dimensional datasets. It is a really reliable and robust approach to have a good fit with high accuracy. SVR uses the same principles as the support vector machine for classification, with only a few minor differences.
Results: The techniques for analyzing the high-dimension datasets are really important methods because we frequently face such datasets in medical science and gene expression. It is not easy to analyze the high-dimension datasets because the classic methods cannot be used to estimate and interpret them. Therefore, we have to use alternative methods to analyze them. SVR is one of the best methods that can be applied. In this research, SVR is used in a real high-dimension dataset about the gene expression in eye disease, and then it is compared with well-known methods:  LASSO and Sparse least trimmed squared (sparse LTS) methods. Based on the numerical result, SVR and Sparse LTS were better than LASSO, since the real dataset contained outliers (bad observation with big residuals).
Conclusions: SVR method was the best method to model and predict the high-dimensional mammalian eye dataset, because it was not affected by the outliers' corruptive impact, and it has minimum MSE (mean squares error), MAE (mean absolute error) and RMSE (root mean squared error) fitting criteria in comparison with the classical methods such as LASSO and sparse LTS estimations. Thus, sparse LTS was found to act better than the LASSO method. Moreover, stabilization of the data and freedom from obtaining the regularization parameter by running a complicated algorithmic program, which decreased the computational costs dramatically, were the invaluable advantages of this technique in comparison with the classical methods.
HER 2 in Gastric Cancer in Albania as a New Therapeutic Alternative
Authors: Cuedari Enkelejda , Ikonomi Majlinda , Pema (Kristo) Anila , Çela Blerina , Kadare Shahin , Dogjani Agron
Published: June 2022

Background: Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth most common cancer in Albania. Gastric cancer has a 5-year survival rate as low as 30%. The expression of HER2 in gastric cancer has brought a new alternative treatment for patients.
Materials and method: 192 patients were analyzed retrospectively, with primary GCs for HER2 overexpression by IHC and Dual SISH in equivocal cases. This was compared with the results of HER2 in gastric patients in surgical specimens and endoscopic biopsies and there is a correlation between gender, age, stage, and type of the histopathologic gastric cancer diagnosis.
Results: Examinations were made by immunohistochemistry for HER2 in 73.4% (141 cases) of surgical specimens and 26.5% of endoscopic biopsies: 18.4% (26 cases) and 15.7% (8 cases) were HER2 3+, respectively. HER2 overexpression (3+) was detected in 17.7% (34 cases). HER2 Equivocal (2+) was detected in 24.5% (47 cases). 17.8%, 14%, and 4.7% were respectively intestinal type, diffuse, signet ring, and the rest adenocarcinoma NOS. GC prevailed in the group aged 61-70 yrs. (31.70%), followed by 51-60 yrs. (25%), 22.9% in 71-80-yrs. 20 cases analyzed by SISH, showed HER2 amplification in 40% (8cases). Economical restrictions and problems with the preanalytical phase made it impossible to evaluate by SISH all 20 cases.
Conclusion: 17.7% of Albanian patients with primary GC were HER2-positive on IHC. There is no difference in biopsy and surgical specimen results. Economic restrictions can influence the results.
Razonamiento de la Escritura: un método para el diálogo interreligioso después de Nostra aetate
Authors: Cortés Rodríguez Rocío
Published: June 2022

A partir del Concilio Vaticano II, la Iglesia se ha sumado a varias iniciativas que fomentan, por una parte, el conocimiento acerca las tradiciones no cristianas y, por otra, el modo en que se interactúa con ellas. Este artículo presenta el método de diálogo interreligioso llamado Scriptural Reasoning, traducido como Razonamiento de la Escritura. Este método, que surgió en el mundo anglosajón a principios de la década de 1990, se presenta como una metodología actual que promueve el diálogo entre miembros, en especial, pero no exclusivamente, de las tradiciones judía, cristiana y musulmana. El punto de partida de este texto es la experiencia cristiana que se abre al diálogo con creyentes de otras religiones a través de las herramientas prácticas y teóricas que ofrece este método. Para comprenderlo, se prioriza la experiencia, la práctica, para luego dar espacio a la teoría. El recorrido de este texto comienza con una primera sección dedicada al modo en que se hace diálogo interreligioso según los principios de Razonamiento de la Escritura. Posteriormente, se ofrece una breve revisión de la historia del método. Las dos últimas secciones examinan los antecedentes teóricos que actualmente sustentan esta metodología de diálogo interreligioso. Aun cuando se reconocen aquellas fortalezas del método, no dejan de mencionarse aquellas posibilidades que aún no han sido exploradas y que pueden expandir sus horizontes de acción, en especial considerando las características propias del contexto latinoamericano.