bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bolsonaro’s Subservience to Trump, 2019 and 2020: A Demanding Agenda and Limited Reciprocity
Authors: Thomaz Laís Forti , Vigevani Tullo
Published: February 2023

In the relationship between Brazil and the United States during the Bolsonaro and Trump administrations (2019 and 2020), Brazil advanced a demanding agenda that met with limited reciprocity. John Kingdon’s concept of the policy window is useful for explaining that the two presidents, having similar worldviews, saw the possibility of moving forward with this agenda, but Brazil’s subservient position ended up compromising its bargaining position. In the case of the commercial aspects of the Alcântara technological safeguards agreement, Brazil’s unilateral concessions failed to generate concrete results before this window was closed and even set the country on the path toward becoming an international pariah.

O governo brasileiro promoveu uma agenda ambiciosa que facilitou pouca reciprocidade na relação entre o Brasil e os Estados Unidos durante os governos Bolsonaro e Trump (2019 e 2020). O conceito de John Kingdon do policy window é útil para explicar o fato que ambos os presidentes, além de partilhar visões semelhantes do mundo, viram a possibilidade de avançarem esta agenda. Contudo, a posição submissa do Brasil acabou em comprometer sua posição negocial. No caso dos aspectos comerciais do acordo das salvagardas tecnológicas da Alcântara, o Brasil deixou passar essa oportunidade porque as concessões unilaterais do governo brasileiro falharam em produzir resultados concretos e, ademais, colocou o país no caminho de se tornar um paria internacional.
The State, Accumulation, and Oaxaca’s Earthquake Survivors: Three Mechanisms of Inequality
Authors: Morosin Alessandro
Published: February 2023

Ethnographic field interviews collected in three municipalities of Oaxaca explain how the Mexican state’s response to the Chiapas earthquake facilitated capital accumulation while intensifying indigenous-campesino grievances against megaprojects and resource extraction. State policies in Oaxaca’s Isthmus of Tehuantepec during the fall of 2017 reinforced social inequality by way of three key mechanisms: neglect, dispossession, and pacification. Making sense of the way state institutions exercised power during this disaster benefits from combining a critical perspective on global capitalism with long-standing frameworks of cultural genocide and internal colonialism.

Las entrevistas de campo etnográficas recogidas en tres municipios de Oaxaca nos muestran cómo la respuesta del Estado mexicano al terremoto de Chiapas facilitó la acumulación de capital al mismo tiempo que intensificó las quejas de campesinos indígenas contra los megaproyectos y la extracción de recursos. Las políticas estatales en el istmo de Tehuantepec en Oaxaca durante el otoño de 2017 reforzaron la desigualdad social a través de tres mecanismos clave: abandono, despojo y pacificación. Para poder dar sentido a la forma en que las instituciones estatales ejercieron el poder durante este desastre es importante combinar una perspectiva crítica sobre el capitalismo global y marcos teóricos de larga data en torno al genocidio cultural y el colonialismo interno.
Reflections and Lessons from an Activist
Authors: Williams Jason M. , Onitiri Retha
Published: February 2023

This manuscript is an interview of a local activist in NJ, Ms. Retha Onitiri. We asked her a series of questions that caused her to reflect on her life and journey as an activist. She is a notable activist that has forged immense change in the NJ Juvenile Justice System. She is also an experienced community organizer and mobilizer. She has organized around issues pertaining to the criminal legal system, economic inequality, accessibility, and other social issues. In this paper, Retha unpacks her life story and how that journey has influenced her work today. Her experiences as an activist is revealed, and she closes the interview by foregrounding the need for elders to embrace and prepare the next generation of activists.
Non-relative foster caregivers’ changes in mindfulness and couple relationship skills following relationship education
Authors: Richardson Evin W. , Mallette Jacquelyn K. , Futris Ted G. , Pettit Mark
Published: February 2023

Foster caregivers experience many challenges related to fostering which, for those in a committed couple relationship, may impact the health of that relationship. Recent efforts have been made to provide couple relationship education (CRE) to foster caregivers to provide them with the knowledge and skills to develop and maintain a healthy relationship with their partner amidst the challenges of fostering. Further, recent studies have begun to examine changes in other skills that may hinder or promote changes in couple relationship skills following participation in CRE programs. One such parallel process may be changes in mindfulness, which may promote or hinder change in couple relationship skills following a CRE program. Guided by adult learning theory and utilizing a repeated measures actor-partner interdependence model (RM-APIM), the current study aims to examine foster caregiver couples’ change in relationship skills after participating in the CRE program ELEVATE and to examine how changes in mindfulness may moderate change in couple relationship skills. Findings suggest that both men and women report significant improvements in both mindfulness and couple relationship skills following participation in ELEVATE and that change in mindfulness moderates change in couple relationship skills for women.
Retelling stories: The validity of an online oral narrative task
Authors: Gillon Gail , McNeill Brigid , Scott Amy , Gath Megan , Westerveld Marleen
Published: February 2023

This study examined the validity of data collected from a novel online story retell task. The task was specifically designed for use by junior school teachers with the support of speech–language therapists or literacy specialists. The assessment task was developed to monitor children's oral language progress in their first year at school as part of the Better Start Literacy Approach for early literacy teaching. Teachers administered the task to 303 5-year-olds in New Zealand at school entry and after 20 weeks and 12 months of schooling. The children listened to a story with pictures via iPad presentation and were then prompted to retell the story. The children's spontaneous language used in their story retell was captured and uploaded digitally via iPad audio recording and analyzed using semi-automated speech recognition and computer software. Their responses to factual and inferential story comprehension questions were also analyzed. The data suggested that the task has good criterion validity. Significant correlations between story retell measures and a standardized measure of children's oral language were found. The Better Start Literacy Approach story retell task, which took approximately 6 min for teachers to administer, accurately identified children with low oral language ability 81% of the time. Growth curve analysis revealed that the task was useful for monitoring oral language development, including for English as second language learners. Boys showed a slower story comprehension growth trajectory than girls. The Better Start Literacy Approach story retell task shows promise in providing valid data to support teacher judgement of children's oral language development.
A review of primary central nervous system neoplasms of cats
Authors: Rissi Daniel R.
Published: February 2023

Primary central nervous system (CNS) neoplasms are uncommonly diagnosed in cats. The majority of primary feline CNS neoplasms described in the veterinary literature consist of meningioma and glioma occurring mainly in the brain and less often in the spinal cord. Although most neoplasms can be diagnosed based on routine histologic evaluation, less typical tumors need to be further characterized using immunohistochemistry. This review compiles the relevant information about the most common primary CNS neoplasms of cats available in the veterinary literature, aiming to serve as a converging source of information for the topic.
A synthetical view of Western, Asian, and Latin American perspectives onorganizational citizenship behaviors: Matching etic, emic, and unique approaches with cultural dimensions
Authors: Baeza Miguel A , Wang Yong J , Martinson Brian K
Published: February 2023

This study proposes a three-practice approach for organizing, analyzing, and studying organizational citizenship behaviors (OCBs) taking into account the different views reflected across global, regional, and/or national studies. First, OCBs were reviewed and categorized into Western, Asian, and Latin American contexts. Second, the OCBs were grouped based on three practices: etic (global), emic (regional), and unique (national) perspectives. Finally, the cultural dimensions of individualism versus collectivism (IC) and power distance (PD) were examined from the etic, emic, and unique approaches to develop several practices to aid international managers by providing scholars with a more consistent framework for identifying relevant OCBs. This theoretical study proposes a decentralized approach to the predominant Western view of OCBs to guide more accurate research across cultures. A three-practice approach research perspective would ground OCB research cross-culturally with several modifications: (practice 1) the OCBs of altruism, civic virtue, conscientiousness and sportsmanship are generally recognized as etic; (practice 2) the categorization of the emic OCBs of interpersonal harmony, professional development, organizational sincerity, and protecting company resources as exclusive to Asian and Latin American countries; and (practice 3) the two unique OCBs of courtesy and organizational camaraderie were acknowledged only in Western countries and identified primarily in Latin American countries, respectively.
An Intersectional Application of Expectancy-Value Theory in an Undergraduate Chemistry Course
Authors: French Allison M. , Else-Quest Nicole M. , Asher Michael , Thoman Dustin B. , Smith Jessi L. , Hyde Janet S. , Harackiewicz Judith M.
Published: February 2023

The underrepresentation of women and Black, Latinx, and Native Americans within the United States scientific workforce is a persistent and multifaceted problem warranting an intersectional approach. Applying intersectionality to the expectancy-value theory of motivation, we examined initial motivation and subsequent achievement among a sample of undergraduate students ( N = 687) enrolled in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) gateway course of introductory chemistry at a diverse 4-year university. We found no racial/ethnic group differences in initial motivation, but small ( d = .30) group differences in achievement. Results revealed a pattern of gender differences across both underrepresented (i.e., Black, Latinx, and Native American) and well-represented (i.e., White, Asian American) racial/ethnic groups such that, relative to men, women began the class with lower levels of confidence about their performance, but greater utility value and attainment value in learning chemistry. Consistent with expectancy-value theory, motivation at the beginning of the semester positively predicted final exam scores across gender and racial/ethnic intersectional groups. For Black, Latinx, and Native American students, attainment value was an especially strong predictor of subsequent achievement. Our findings point to the need to cultivate social contexts within undergraduate STEM education that promotes all aspects of science motivation among students from underrepresented groups. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/suppl/10.1177/03616843231153390 .
Determination of Standard Values for Knee Version in a Healthy Population
Authors: Huettner Felix , Lutter Christoph , Zuehlke Constantin , Kfuri Mauricio , Tischer Thomas , Harrer Joerg
Published: February 2023

Background:

Different measures are used to describe relevant anatomic variations that can result in patellofemoral instability and disorders. Knee version, the relative rotational alignment between the femur and tibia in the axial plane at the level of the knee, may have a decisive effect on the kinematics of the patellofemoral joint. However, data regarding the values of knee version are currently lacking.

Purpose:

This study aimed to determine standard values for knee version in a healthy population.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

A total of 100 healthy volunteers (50 male and 50 female) without patellofemoral disorders or lower extremity malalignment were included in this study and underwent knee magnetic resonance imaging. The torsion values of the femur and tibia were independently measured using the Waidelich and Strecker method. Knee version, defined as static rotation of the tibia with respect to the femur in full extension, was determined by measuring the angle between the tangent lines to the dorsal femoral condyle (DFC) and the dorsal tibial head (DTH; defined by the posterior point of the proximal tibial plateau). Supplementary measurements were obtained as follows: (1) femoral epicondylar line (FEL), (2) tibial ellipse center line (TECL), (3) tibial tuberosity–trochlear groove (TT-TG) distance, and (4) tibial tuberosity–posterior cruciate ligament (TT-PCL) distance.

Results:

In 200 analyzed legs of 100 volunteers (mean age, 26.5 ± 5.8 years [range, 18 to 40 years]), we identified a mean internal femoral torsion of −23.8°± 9.7° (range, −46.2° to 1.6°), external tibial torsion of 33.2°± 7.4° (range, 16.4° to 50.3°), and external knee version (DFC to DTH) of 1.3°± 3.9° (range, −8.7° to 11.7°). Other measurements were as follows: FEL to TECL, −0.9°± 4.9° (range, −16.8° to 12.1°); FEL to DTH, −3.6°± 4.0° (range, −12.6° to 6.8°); and DFC to TECL, 4.0°± 4.9° (range, −12.7° to 14.7°). The mean TT-TG distance was 13.4 ± 3.7 mm (range, 5.3-23.5 mm), and the mean TT-PCL distance was 11.5 ± 3.5 mm (range, 6.0-20.9 mm). Female participants had significantly greater external knee version than male participants.

Conclusion:

Coronal- and sagittal-plane alignments of the knee have a well-known effect on the biomechanics of this joint. Additional information about the axial plane may result in new decision-making algorithms for managing knee disorders. This study is the first to report standard values of knee version in a healthy population. As a subsequent step building on this work, we advocate for the measurement of knee version in patients with patellofemoral disorders, as this parameter may assist with new treatment guidelines in the future.
Study on flame retardant modified ramie reinforced composites and their mechanical properties
Authors: Liu Shengkai , Wang Binxia , Wang Chunhong , Pei Xiaoyuan , Li Ming , Fu Guangwei
Published: February 2023

Ramie composites have been widely used in automobiles, daily necessities, aerospace, ships, cruise lines, etc., but their flame retardant properties are relatively poor, which is difficult to meet the flame retardant performance requirements of composites for rail transit. In order to improve the properties of ramie reinforced composites, flame retardant treatment is necessary. In this paper, phosphorus flame retardant phytic acid (PA) was used to modify ramie fabric, and then the composites were prepared. The flame retardancy and mechanical properties of ramie reinforced composites were investigated. It was found that the flame retardancy of ramie composites was improved after flame retardant modification with phytic acid, but the mechanical properties were decreased. In order to improve the mechanical properties of PA ramie composites, two kinds of layered PA ramie/glass fiber hybrid composites were prepared by replacing part of ramie with glass fiber. The results show that the addition of glass fiber can improve the mechanical properties and flame retardancy of composites.
MAiD for geriatric syndromes: Special considerations
Authors: Lees Caitlin , Andrew Melissa K.
Published: February 2023

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAiD) brings unique considerations in the context of geriatric syndromes such as frailty and cognitive or functional impairment. These conditions are associated with complex vulnerability across health and social domains and often do not have predicable trajectories or responses to healthcare interventions. In this article, we focus on four categories of gaps in care that are particularly relevant for MAiD in geriatric syndromes, namely, inadequacies in access to medical care, appropriate advance care planning, social supports, and funding for supportive care. We conclude by arguing that appropriately situating MAiD in the context of care for older adults requires careful consideration of these gaps in care to enable real, robust, and respectful healthcare choices for people living with geriatric syndromes and approaching end-of-life.
Initial Diagnosis and Management of Acutely Elevated Intracranial Pressure
Authors: Kareemi Hashim , Pratte Michael , English Shane , Hendin Ariel
Published: February 2023

Acutely elevated intracranial pressure (ICP) may have devastating effects on patient mortality and neurologic outcomes, yet its initial detection remains difficult because of the variety of manifestations that it can cause disease states it is associated with. Several treatment guidelines exist for specific disease processes such as trauma or ischemic stroke, but their recommendations may not apply to other causes. In the acute setting, management decisions must often be made before the underlying cause is known. In this review, we present an organized, evidence-based approach to the recognition and management of patients with suspected or confirmed elevated ICP in the first minutes to hours of resuscitation. We explore the utility of invasive and noninvasive methods of diagnosis, including history, physical examination, imaging, and ICP monitors. We synthesize various guidelines and expert recommendations and identify core management principles including noninvasive maneuvers, neuroprotective intubation and ventilation strategies, and pharmacologic therapies such as ketamine, lidocaine, corticosteroids, and the hyperosmolar agents mannitol and hypertonic saline. Although an in-depth discussion of the definitive management of each etiology is beyond the scope of this review, our goal is to provide an empirical approach to these time-sensitive, critical presentations in their initial stages.
Influence of Deep Sedation in Intensive Care Medicine Memories of Critical COVID-19 Survivors
Authors: Braga A. , Martins S. , Ferreira A. R , Fernandes J. , Vieira T. , Fontes L. , Coimbra I. , Fernandes L. , Paiva J. A
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Critical care survivors sustain a variety of sequelae after intensive care medicine (ICM) admission, and the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has added further challenges. Specifically, ICM memories play a significant role, and delusional memories are associated with poor outcomes post-discharge including a delayed return to work and sleep problems. Deep sedation has been associated with a greater risk of perceiving delusional memories, bringing a move toward lighter sedation. However, there are limited reports on post-ICM memories in COVID-19, and influence of deep sedation has not been fully defined. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate ICM-memory recall in COVID-19 survivors and their relation with deep sedation. Materials/Methods: Adult COVID-19 ICM survivors admitted to a Portuguese University Hospital between October 2020 and April 2021 (second/third “waves”) were evaluated 1 to 2 months post-discharge using “ICU Memory Tool,” to assess real, emotional, and delusional memories. Results: The study included 132 patients (67% male; median age = 62 years, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation [APACHE]-II = 15, Simplified Acute Physiology Score [SAPS]-II = 35, ICM stay = 9 days). Approximately 42% received deep sedation (median duration = 19 days). Most participants reported real (87%) and emotional (77%) recalls, with lesser delusional memories (36.4%). Deeply sedated patients reported significantly fewer real memories (78.6% vs 93.4%, P = .012) and increased delusional memories (60.7% vs 18.4%, P < .001), with no difference in emotional memories (75% vs 80.4%, P = .468). In multivariate analysis, deep sedation had a significant, independent association with delusional memories, increasing their likelihood by a factor of approximately 6 (OR = 6.274; 95% confidence interval = 1.165-33.773, P = .032), without influencing real ( P = .545) or emotional ( P = .133) memories. Conclusions: This study contributes to a better understanding of the potential adverse effects of deep sedation on ICM memories in critical COVID-19 survivors, indicating a significant, independent association with the incidence of delusional recalls. Although further studies are needed to support these findings, they suggest that strategies targeted to minimize sedation should be favored, aiming to improve long-term recovery.
Maternal Impaired Cognition and Infant Neglect: Exploring the Independent and Combined Effects of Maternal Executive Function and Reflective Function
Authors: Mao Fangxiang , Xu Zhaojuan , Li Yang , Huang Yongqi , Lu Yane , Wang Juan , Zhang Xuan , Cao Fenglin
Published: February 2023

Infant neglect is a common type of child maltreatment. According to the Social Information Processing theory, maternal executive function (EF) and reflective function (RF) are assumed to be important contributing factors to infant neglect. However, empirical evidence about this assumption is sparse. This was a cross-sectional study. A total of 1010 eligible women participated. The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function—Adult Version, Parental Reflective Function Questionnaire, and Signs of Neglect in Infants Assessment Scale (SIGN) were used to assess maternal EF, RF, and infant neglect, respectively. Random forest was used to assess the relevant importance of maternal EF and RF. K-means clustering was used to identify the profiles of maternal EF and RF. Multivariable linear regression and generalized additive models were used to examine the independent and combined effects of maternal EF and RF on infant neglect. Each dimension of EF was linearly related to infant neglect. The associations between each dimension of RF and infant neglect were nonlinear. The inflection point for each dimension of RF was indicated. Random forest showed EF was more closely related to infant neglect. EF and RF had accumulative effects on infant neglect. Three profiles were identified. Among them, those with globally impaired EF had the highest level of infant neglect compared with those who had normal cognition or only impaired RF. Maternal EF and RF had independent and combined effects on infant neglect. Interventions with maternal EF and RF as targets are promising for reducing infant neglect.
Roughness detection method based on image multi-features
Authors: Pan Zengren , Liu Yanhui , Li Zhiwei , Xun Qiwen , Wu Ying
Published: February 2023

Roughness was one of the most visual manifestations of the surface quality of metal parts. It affected the performance and life of the parts. Accurate and efficient roughness grade detection technology was of great significance to smart manufacturing. Traditional machine shops often used roughness comparison sample blocks and stylus profilers to check roughness. However, there were disadvantages such as slow detection speed and high influence by human factors. As a non-destructive testing technique, optical imaging gad already demonstrated to be an effective roughness inspection method. In this paper, a roughness detection approach based on image multi-features was proposed, using part surface images as the research object. First, gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), Gabor transform, and local binary patterns (LBP) were used for the extraction of image texture features. After using principal components analysis to reduce the dimensionality of texture features, multiple texture features were concatenated to form a multi-feature vector. Finally, the multi-feature vectors were input into the Gaussian radial basis kernel support vector machine to classify the part surface images and thus completed the detection of roughness grade.
Quality management: A model for optimizing information provision in Romanian special research libraries
Authors: Popescu Elena , Madge Octavia-Luciana
Published: February 2023

A study regarding the relevance of special libraries and the quality of access to information in Romania was conducted. The general objective was to develop a contribution regarding the quality management in libraries using the grounded theory method. The model obtained for optimizing the quality of access to information implies the existence of material resources, but also innovations, the involvement of human resources through creativity and promotion, leading to increased academic visibility, increased satisfaction of long-term active users, attraction of new users both in the physical space and in the digital environment and, finally, increased relevance of the library in question within the tutelary research institute. The value of the study lies in the series of solutions for optimizing the access to scientific information in research libraries in the digital age, and the correlations between the results obtained based on the grounded theory and the three generic models of library quality management, LibQual+, Balanced Scorecard, and ISO 9001, by adapting them to the context of the special research libraries in Romania.
Decolonising Reactions to Material Traces of the European Past: The Case of an Italian Colonial Food
Authors: Mastropietro Alessia , Migliorisi Stefano , Sessa Isora , Borgogno Francesco , D’Errico Francesca , Licata Laurent , Leone Giovanna
Published: February 2023

European capital cities are replete with material traces of colonial times, not only institutional reminders but also ephemeral objects, created to glorify colonial domination. Reactions of descendants of former colonisers to these traces suggest that colonial tropes are still present in their contemporary imaginary about the past. A comprehensive effort of decolonisation, therefore, needs to aim not only at including previously despised minorities, but also at raising majorities’ awareness about the aggressive side of leaving the permanence of material traces of colonialism unquestioned. Moreover, this awareness of implications of material traces could help to redesign European physical contexts to become more welcoming places for descendants of former colonised groups. Our research explores reactions of different generations of descendants of Italian colonisers when presented with an ephemeral trace of past violence—a candy still sold with a colonial wrapping. About 175 participants were presented with the image of the candy, either wrapped in its original colonial package or a neutral one. The image was followed either by a brief explanation of its colonial meaning or not. Reactions to such an apparently inconspicuous reminder of the Italian colonial crimes—still self-censored in the social representations of the Italian national past—proved to vary across experimental conditions and different ages of respondents. In particular, when questioning these ephemeral traces of adult participants show more intense group-based negative moral emotions. Relations between the generational renewal of former colonisers’ group and collective elaboration of intergroup violence are discussed.
Depression literacy in older Chinese people in New Zealand
Authors: Lowe Helen , Cheung Gary
Published: February 2023

Objective

Older Chinese people in New Zealand underutilise mental health services. Lack of recognition of mental health issues and awareness of available treatment is a potential barrier to accessing care. This study investigated depression literacy in older Chinese people.

Method

A convenience sample of 67 older Chinese people were presented a depression vignette and completed a depression literacy questionnaire.

Results

There was a good rate (71.6%) of depression recognition, but no participant chose taking medication as the best method of help. There was a notable level of stigma among participants.

Conclusion

Older Chinese people would benefit from information regarding mental health conditions and their interventions. Strategies to deliver this information and de-stigmatise mental illness in the Chinese community which incorporate cultural values may be beneficial.
Variation in the use of compulsory community treatment orders between district health boards in New Zealand
Authors: Lees Mathew , Newton-Howes Giles , Frampton Chris , Beaglehole Ben
Published: February 2023

Objective

To report rates of Compulsory Community Treatment Order (CTO) use by District Health Boards (DHBs) in New Zealand and analyse whether socio-demographic factors explain any variability.

Methods

The annualised rate of CTO use per 100,000 population was calculated for the years 2009–2018 using national databases. Rates were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, and deprivation and are reported according to DHBs to allow comparisons between regions.

Results

The annualised rate of CTO use for New Zealand was 95.5 per 100,000 population. CTO use varied between DHBs from 53 to 184 per 100,000 population. Standardising for demographic variables and deprivation made little difference to this variation. CTO use was higher in males and young adults. Rates for Māori were more than three times that of Caucasian people. CTO use increased as deprivation became more severe.

Conclusions

CTO use increases with Maori ethnicity, young adulthood, and deprivation. Adjusting for socio-demographic factors does not explain the wide variation in CTO use between DHBs in New Zealand. Other regional factors appear to be the major driver of variation in CTO use.
“Fathers Are Very Important, but They Aren’t Our Contact Persons”: The Primary Contact Person Assumption and the Absence of Fathers in Social Work Interventions
Authors: Perez-Vaisvidovsky Nadav , Halpern Ayana , Mizrahi Reli , Atalla Zhara
Published: February 2023

Research on the engagement of fathers in family- and child-oriented social work interventions has focused on individual factors relating to the father, to the mother, or the social worker. Much less attention has been paid to the impact of organizational aspects of the social services themselves. This article uses the methodology of institutional ethnography to examine this impact on the engagement of fathers in those services provided by municipal Departments of Social Services in Israel. We found that service delivery was structured by the primary contact person assumption—that one person should be designated as the primary contact in the routine course of an intervention. Together with gendered, political, and cultural factors that support preference for the mother, this structuring assumption results in a full or partial exclusion of fathers from family- and child-oriented interventions.
Geospatial and Socioeconomic Factors Interact to Predict Management and Outcomes in Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery: A Single Institution Study of 740 Patients
Authors: Villavisanis Dillan F , Wagner Connor S , Morales Carrie Z , Smith Tony E , Blum Jessica D , Cho Daniel Y , Bartlett Scott P , Taylor Jesse A , Swanson Jordan W
Published: February 2023

Objective

Determine interactions between geospatial and socioeconomic factors influencing cleft lip and/or cleft palate (CL/P) management and outcomes.

Design

Retrospective review and outcomes analysis (n = 740).

Setting

Urban academic tertiary care center.

Patients

740 patients undergoing primary (CL/P) surgery from 2009 to 2019.

Main Outcomes Measures

Prenatal evaluation by plastic surgery, nasoalveolar molding, cleft lip adhesion, and age at CL/P surgery.

Results

Prenatal evaluation by plastic surgery was predicted by the interaction between higher patient median block group income and shorter patient distance from the care center (OR = 1.07, p = 0.022). Nasoalveolar molding was also predicted by the interaction between higher patient median block group income and shorter distance from the care center (OR = 1.28, p = 0.016), whereas cleft lip adhesion was predicted by higher patient median block group income alone (OR = 0.41, p < 0.001). Lower patient median block group income predicted later age at cleft lip (β = −67.25, p = 0.011) and cleft palate (β = −46.35, p = 0.050) repair surgery.

Conclusions

Distance from the care center and lower median income by block group interacted to significantly predict prenatal evaluation by plastic surgery and nasoalveolar molding for patients with CL/P at a large, urban, tertiary care center. Patients living farthest from the care center who received prenatal evaluation by plastic surgery or who underwent nasoalveolar molding had higher median block group income. Future work will determine mechanisms perpetuating these barriers to care.
Intravenous or Oral Acetazolamide for Treatment of Diuretic-Induced Alkalosis in Patients With Heart Failure
Authors: Addison Janci D. , Peterson Evan J. , Meyenburg Lyndsi
Published: February 2023

Background:

Acetazolamide has been used for diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis, but the preferred dose, route, and frequency of administration remain unknown.

Objective:

The purpose of this study was to characterize dosing strategies and determine the effectiveness of intravenous (IV) and oral (PO) acetazolamide for patients with heart failure (HF) with diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis.

Methods:

This was a multicenter, retrospective cohort study comparing the use of IV versus PO acetazolamide in patients with HF receiving at least 120 mg of furosemide for the treatment of metabolic alkalosis (serum bicarbonate CO2 ≥32). The primary outcome was the change in CO2 on the first basic metabolic panel (BMP) within 24 hours of the first dose of acetazolamide. Secondary outcomes included laboratory outcomes, such as change in bicarbonate, chloride, and incidence of hyponatremia and hypokalemia. This study was approved by the local institutional review board.

Results:

IV acetazolamide was given in 35 patients and PO acetazolamide was given in 35 patients. Patients in both groups were given a median of 500 mg of acetazolamide in the first 24 hours. For the primary outcome, there was a significant decrease in CO2 on the first BMP within 24 hours after patients received the IV acetazolamide (−2 [interquartile range, IQR: −2, 0] vs 0 [IQR: −3, 1], P = 0.047). There were no differences in secondary outcomes.

Conclusion and Relevance:

IV acetazolamide resulted in significantly decreased bicarbonate within 24 hours of administration. IV acetazolamide may be preferred to treat diuretic-induced metabolic alkalosis in patients with HF.
Family Belief Systems: A Proposed Typology and Applications
Authors: Huebner Jessie , Fickling Melissa
Published: February 2023

Belief systems guide an individual's perceptions, behaviors, and interactions. Understanding an individual's belief systems can be beneficial in assessment, treatment planning, and service delivery. Belief system development is impacted by different factors, including the belief systems held by an individual's family-of-origin. At this time, there is not an available theory or instrument that identifies the components and characteristics that are included within family belief systems. To fill this current gap, we developed a typology of family belief systems and an associated illustrative figure labeled as The Family Belief Systems Wheel. The proposed typology is presented followed by discussion of the practical applications for the field.
Difficult to Diagnose Cutaneous Melanoma in a Patient with BAP1 Tumor Predisposition Syndrome
Authors: Silva-Clavería Francisca , Álvarez-Muñoz Alejandro , Ferrándiz Lara , Fernández-Orland Almudena , Conde-Martin Antonio Felix , Moreno-Ramírez David , Ríos-Martín Juan J.
Published: February 2023

BRCA1-associated protein 1 (BAP1)-inactivated melanomas can occur sporadically or in germline contexts, particularly in recently recognized BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome. Diagnosis represents a clinical and histopathological challenge, requiring comprehensive analysis of morphology and sometimes molecular analysis in addition to immunohistochemistry. We report a BAP1-inactivated cutaneous melanoma initially diagnosed as an atypical Spitz tumor on the auricle in a patient with BAP1-tumor predisposition syndrome. Immunohistochemistry, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and comparative genomic hybridization allowed diagnosis. Cutaneous BAP1-inactivated melanocytic tumors, previously classified as atypical Spitz Nevi, may have a dermal mitotic activity that can resemble melanoma and on the other hand, atypical Spitz tumors are sometimes difficult to differentiate from BAP1-inactivated melanoma. Specific criteria, requiring molecular diagnosis have been proposed in order to support melanoma diagnosis.
Clinicopathological Features and Prognosis of Gastrointestinal Metastases From Breast Carcinoma: A Clinicopathological Study of 22 Patients
Authors: Wang Shuling , Li Weidong , Li Shuai , Liu Xiaodong , Zhang Li , Hao Chunfang , Meng Wenjing , Zhao Weipeng , Tong Zhongsheng
Published: February 2023

Background. Breast carcinoma is the most common malignancy in women. Gastrointestinal metastasis is rarely found or diagnosed in patients with breast cancer. Methods. Clinicopathological features, treatment options, and prognosis were evaluated retrospectively for 22 patients with gastrointestinal metastases of breast carcinoma in Chinese women. Results. Presenting symptoms were non-specific: anorexia (21/22), epigastric pain (10/22), and vomiting (8/22), and 2 patients (2/22) presented with nonfatal hemorrhage. The first sites of metastases were skeleton (9/22), stomach (7/22), colorectal (7/22), lung (3/22), peritoneal (3/22), and liver (1/22). ER, PR, GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3), gross cystic disease fluid protein-15 (GCDFP-15), and keratin 7 can effectively confirm the diagnosis, especially in the case of keratin 20 negativity. Histology showed mainly ductal breast carcinoma (n = 11) was the predominant source of gastrointestinal metastases in this study, and lobular breast cancer (n = 9) accounted for a considerable proportion. The disease control rate to systemic therapy was 81% (17 of 21 treated patients), and the objective response rate was 10% (2 of 21 treated patients). Median overall survival was 71.5 months (range, 22-226 months), median survival for distant metastases was 23.5 months (range, 2-119 months) and the median survival for the time of gastrointestinal metastases diagnosis was 6 months (range, 2-73 months). Conclusions. Performing the endoscopy with biopsy was crucial for patients with any subtle gastrointestinal symptoms and a history of breast cancer. It is important to distinguish primary gastrointestinal carcinoma from breast metastatic carcinoma in order to select the optimal initial treatment and avoid unnecessary surgery.
Breast MALT Lymphoma: A Clinical, Histomorphologic, and Immunophenotypic Evaluation
Authors: Yan Mingfei , Wang Jing , Gadde Ramya , Bomeisl Philip , Gilmore Hannah , Harbhajanka Aparna
Published: February 2023

Introduction . Primary breast extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT lymphoma) is rare and understudied. Embryonically, mammary glands are developed as specialized skin appendages. It is possible that overlapping features exist between breast MALT lymphoma and primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma. Methods. We studied 5 primary and 6 secondary breast MALT lymphomas diagnosed in our institution during a 20-year period. Clinical and pathologic features of these lymphomas were analyzed and compared. Results. Most primary and secondary breast MALT lymphomas had similar clinical presentations as unilateral breast lesions without axillary lymphadenopathy. However, primary lymphomas tended to be diagnosed in older patients (median: 77 years old) than secondary lymphomas (median: 60 years old). Thyroid abnormality was a common finding in both primary (3/5) and secondary (5/6) lymphomas. Hashimoto's thyroiditis was diagnosed in one primary lymphoma. No distinct histopathologic findings were found in primary lymphomas. Features for primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma, including overexpression of IgG and IgG4 and high IgG4/IgG ratio, were absent in all primary but present in one secondary lymphoma with cutaneous origin. This secondary lymphoma also had expansion of CD30-positive cells. Conclusion. Primary breast MALT lymphoma does not share the distinctive features of primary cutaneous marginal zone lymphoma that set it apart from other extranodal marginal zone lymphomas. Having increased IgG- and IgG4-positive cells with a high IgG/IgG4 ratio in breast MALT lymphoma may indicate cutaneous origin. CD30 overexpression may be a feature seen in marginal zone lymphoma of cutaneous origin, which needs further studies to prove.
Psychometric Properties of the Turkish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (CABI-SCT) in Children and Adolescents
Authors: Öğütlü Hakan , Kaşak Meryem , Doğan Uğur , Atasoy Süha , Mcnicholas Fiona
Published: February 2023

Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) (cognitive disengagement syndrome) (CDS) describes a cluster of symptoms including slowness, lethargy, and daydreaming. This study aims to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Child and Adolescent Behavior Inventory (CABI-SCT) scale and its relationship to other psychological difficulties. A total of 328 children and adolescents aged between 6-18 years were included in the study. CABI-SCT, Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), Barkley Child Attention Scale (BCAS), ADHD Rating Scale-IV, and Strengths and Challenges Questionnaire (SDQ) were administered to parents of participants. Reliability analysis demonstrated good internal consistency and reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the one-factor model of the Turkish version of CABI-SCT is an acceptable construct. This study supports the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of CABI-SCT for use in children and adolescents providing initial data concerning the psychometric properties and difficulties associated with the Turkish version of the CABI-SCT.
“Oh, you couldn’t be autistic”: Examining anti-autistic bias and self-esteem in the therapeutic alliance
Authors: Darazsdi Zoe , Bialka Christa S.
Published: February 2023

Presently, most mental health practitioners in the United States are educated, trained, and employed in a system focused on curing or changing autistic people. As a result, mental health practitioners may exhibit anti-autistic bias—any form of bias that degrades, devalues, or others autistic people or traits —when engaged with autistic clients. Since the collaborative relationship between therapist and client, termed the “therapeutic alliance,” is often viewed as the most influential element of therapeutic effectiveness, our phenomenological study examined 14 autistic adults’ experiences with anti-autistic bias in the therapeutic alliance and the relationship they perceive it has on their self-esteem. Findings, determined through thematic analysis, reveal implicit, unintentional bias was manifested through clinical assumptions about autism, explicit, overt bias was expressed through feelings of intentional harm, and repair of self-esteem was shown through positive alliances. Based on the findings of this study, we offer recommendations to help mental health practitioners and mental health practitioner training programs better serve autistic clients. This study addresses a significant gap in current research on anti-autistic bias in the mental health field and the overall well-being of autistic individuals.

Lay Abstract

Many mental health practitioners in the United States are trained to cure or change autistic people. Some of these mental health practitioners may show anti-autistic bias when working with autistic clients. Anti-autistic bias is any kind of bias that degrades, devalues, or others autistic people or autistic traits. Anti-autistic bias is especially problematic when mental health practitioners and clients are engaged in the therapeutic alliance, which is the collaborative relationship between a therapist and client. The therapeutic alliance is one of most important parts of an effective therapeutic relationship. Our interview-based study examined 14 autistic adults’ experiences with anti-autistic bias in the therapeutic alliance and the relationship they felt it has on their self-esteem. Results from this research showed that some mental health practitioners expressed hidden and unrealized bias when working with autistic clients, such as making assumptions about what it means to be autistic. Results also showed that some mental health practitioners were intentionally biased and openly harmful to their autistic clients. Both forms of bias negatively affected participant self-esteem. Based on the findings of this study, we offer recommendations to help mental health practitioners and mental health practitioner training programs better serve autistic clients. This study addresses a significant gap in current research on anti-autistic bias in the mental health field and the overall well-being of autistic individuals.
A portfolio analysis of autism research funding in Aotearoa New Zealand 2007–2021
Authors: Emerson Lisa Marie , Pellicano Elizabeth , Monk Ruth , Lim Melissa , Heaton Jessica , McLay Laurie
Published: February 2023

Previously documented global trends in autism research funding have been skewed towards biology research, which is at odds with the priorities expressed by autistic and autism community members. We aimed to document the areas of autism research that have previously been funded in Aotearoa New Zealand, and to explore the views of the autistic and autism communities on this funding distribution. We searched for research grants awarded to autism research in Aotearoa New Zealand between 2007 and 2021. We categorised the funding for autism research to enable comparison to that previously documented in other countries. We elicited the views of the autistic and autism communities in relation to the funded autism research, through an online survey and a series of focus groups. The largest proportion of money and number of grants was awarded to biological research. Community members expressed dissatisfaction with this pattern of funding, and noted that it does not address the needs and priorities of the autistic community. Community members suggested that the funding pattern indicated a lack of autistic consultation and engagement in research design and funding allocation. The priorities of the autistic and autism communities need to be considered by researchers and funders alike. We discuss how autistic inclusion in research can be supported through decision-making regarding funding and ethics relating to autism research.

Lay Abstract

We aimed to document the areas of autism research that have previously been funded in Aotearoa New Zealand. We searched for research grants awarded to autism research in Aotearoa New Zealand between 2007 and 2021. We compared the funding distribution in Aotearoa New Zealand to other countries. We asked people from the autistic community and broader autism community whether they were satisfied with this funding pattern, and whether it aligned with what is important to them and to autistic people. We found that the majority of funding for autism research was awarded to biology research (67%). Members of the autistic and autism communities were dissatisfied with the funding distribution, and expressed a lack of alignment with what is important to them. People from the community indicated that the funding distribution did not address the priorities of autistic people, and that it indicated a lack of engagement with autistic people. Autism research funding needs to reflect the priorities of the autistic and autism communities. Autistic people need to be included in autism research and related funding decisions.