bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
En frivillig død
Authors: Sunde Marthe
Published: September 2020

For de fleste er tegneserier humor, action, snakkebobler og onomatopoetika. Enkel handling og lettbeint underholdning. Kan man virkelig skrive en tegneseriebok om selvmord?

Det er dette Steffen Kverneland har gjort. Tegneserieskaperen har fått mye oppmerksomhet og anerkjennelse for sin nyeste bok, og det er ikke vanskelig å forstå hvorfor arbeidet har vekket oppsikt. Boka er en stor opplevelse å lese. Formatet gjør den unik; den er både en selvbiogra- fisk tegneserie og et gammeldags familie- album. Dypt personlig, og langt fra lettbeint.
Kjære leser
Authors: Mehlum Lars
Published: September 2020

Mye positivt har skjedd når det gjelder åpenhet om selvmord i samfunnet i løpet av de senere år. Det kan vi takke mange uredde enkeltmennesker for; alle de som har fortalt sin historie og våget å vise fram problematiske og vonde sider ved sitt liv. Også mange fagfolk og frivillige har bidratt til åpenheten med sin kunnskap og sine erfaringer og derved gitt folk innsikt i at selvmord faktisk kan forebygges. Likevel hadde vi ikke nådd særlig langt ut i samfunnet med disse budskapene dersom massemediene ikke hadde vært villige til å gi dem plass. Men fram til 2006 het det i Vær Varsom- plakaten, som er de etiske retningslinjene for norske massemedier, i paragraf 4.9 at «Selvmord eller selvmordsforsøk skal som hovedregel ikke omtales». Og paragrafen ble langt på vei overholdt. Så da den ble endret og myket opp i 2006 ble den nye åpenheten i mediene om temaet selvmord mulig. La oss slå det fast med en gang: Dette var en milepæl for selvmordsforebyggingen i Norge. Den åpnet for at selvmord kunne omtales og drøftes i det offentlige rom, og for at flere mennesker kunne få hjelp.Likevel har vi fortsatt en paragraf 4.9 i VVP, og den ber mediefolk fortsatt være varsomme når de omtaler selvmord og selvmordsforsøk. De blir særlig bedt om å unngå beskrivelse av metode eller andre forhold som kan bidra til å utløse flere selvmordshandlinger. For det er en risiko for at slik mediomtale kan ha smitteeffekter i visse deler av befolkningen. Men er det virkelig grunn til denne varsom- heten, eller bør vi fjerne alle varsomhetsregler i medieomtale av selvmord i åpenhetens navn? I dette nummeret av Suicidologi fokuserer vi på dette temaet i flere artikler, og vi tror mange vil finne at de trenger å oppdatere og nyansere sine kunnskaper på dette området. Sikkert er det at mediene er og blir en viktig arena for forebygging av selvmord og at vi trenger aktive og engasjerte mediefolks interesse for dette temaet.
A Utilização da Lógica Fuzzy Como Ferramenta Auxiliar na Detecção de Doenças Fúngicas do Tomateiro Como a Septoriose
Authors: Moreira Luís , Ferreira Arilson , De Arruda Gabriel , De Brito Rhyan
Published: September 2020

Os sistemas fuzzy são apropriados para a manipulação de informações subjetivas, como no cenário desta pesquisa sobre a septoriose no tomateiro. Podendo ser utilizado por profissionais para detectar a doença antes que se manifeste em todo o plantio. Devido a grande diversidade de doenças no tomateiro, detectar qual delas afeta a planta se torna demasiadamente difícil, dessa forma o objetivo deste artigo é discutir o uso da lógica fuzzy para auxiliar na análise das plantas e assim poder detectar se a mesma é portador ou poderá desenvolver a septoriose. De acordo com os resultados apresentados o sistema fuzzy demonstrou-se bastante útil para o auxílio na detecção da doença ficando evidente sua importância como ferramenta para diagnóstico em plantas.
Análise de Características a Partir do Classificador MLP Para Auxílio no Diagnóstico da COVID-19
Authors: De Brito Rhyan , De Oliveira Adonias
Published: September 2020

A Inteligência Artificial (IA) tem ganhado destaque nas mais variadas áreas da ciência. Nessa perspectiva sabe-se que a COVID-19 é uma doença que pode causar desde resfriados comuns a doenças mais graves como a Sindrome Aguda Respiratória Severa (SARS). Este trabalho objetiva fazer uma análise de características baseada na rede neural MultiLayer Perceptron (MLP) utilizando técnicas de feature selection para o pré-diagnóstico da doença COVID-19. A metodologia foi baseada em técnicas de features selection e na utilização de uma base de dados pública. Os resultados foram expressivos tendo em vista que o feature selection escolheu atributos de acordo com a métrica da rede neural MLP, enfatizando os de maior relevância para a acurácia.
Visualização Postural Bidimensional utilizando Sensor de Profundidade de Baixo Custo
Authors: Da Silva Danilo
Published: September 2020

A avaliação postural consiste de um método para avaliar, diagnosticar e tratar os desvios de postura influenciados por diversos fatores, sejam eles congênitos ou pelo mal posicionamento. Neste trabalho, utilizou-se o sensor Kinect juntamente com a Unity para coletar dados e realizar a leitura postural de indivíduos em pé, na sua posição natural, e observar os possíveis desvios encontrados por meio das medições angulares de articulações pré-definidas. Nos resultados, o método proposto foi comparado com a técnica de avaliação que utiliza um simetrógrafo. Concluiu-se mostrando que o método pode vir a ser utilizado para avaliar posturas como alternativa ao simetrógrafo.
Classificação e Contagem de Bovinos em Imagens Aéreas utilizando Visão Computacional e Aprendizagem de Máquina
Authors: Do Espírito Santo Juliana , De Oliveira Filho Jorge
Published: September 2020

Este artigo expõe um método que faz uso da visão computacional e da aprendizagem de máquina para possibilitar a detecção, classificação e contagem de bovinos brancos em imagens aéreas obtidas através de um drone. Foram utilizadas a linguagem de programação Python e as bibliotecas OpenCV (Open Source Computer Vision) para o pré-processamento e segmentação das imagens e scikit-learn para a classificação com regressão logística. O método foi testado em imagens divididas entre os períodos seco e chuvoso para auxiliar nas etapas de pré-processamento e segmentação e obteve eficiência de 95,2% na detecção e acurácia de 90,1% na classificação de bovinos brancos.
PIXEL, Plataforma para Integração de Experimentos de Interoperabilidade em Sistemas Legados de Saúde Pública
Authors: Nascimento Leonardo , Castro Paulo , Oliveira Mauro , Jose Fabio , Costa Valter , Moura Cesar , Freitas Renato , Monteiro Odorico
Published: September 2020

Sistemas de informações em saúde (SIS) vêm aumentando em complexidade e volume de dados. Os dados nem sempre seguem um padrão, agravando a integração de serviços, especialmente quando envolve sistemas legados. Este trabalho propõe a PIXEL, uma plataforma para integrar experimentos de interoperabilidade em sistemas legados de saúde pública. Essa solução foi aplicada ao GISSA, um sistema inteligente na área da saúde que utiliza aprendizagem de máquina para gerar alertas e apoiar à tomada de decisão de seus usuários. A PIXEL realizou a integração de sistemas e implementa os três níveis iniciais de interoperabilidade, conforme proposto pela Society for Health Information and Management Systems (HIMSS).
Max Emden
Authors: Brömmling Ulrich
Published: September 2020

Der schöngeistige, eigensinnige Wohltäter und das Schicksal seiner Kunstsammlung: Biographie und Film bieten eindrückliche Einsichten in Emdens Leben.

Inklusive der Film-DVD »Auch Leben ist eine Kunst - Der Fall Max Emden« (2019).

Immer bunter wurde in den Köpfen der Nachwelt das Leben, das Max Emden mit allerlei leicht bekleideten Mädchen auf den Brissago-Inseln geführt haben soll. Yachten, Segelboote, Skiurlaube - allen Luxus brachte man mit dem Hamburger Kaufmann in Verbindung. War das die ganze Wahrheit?

Ulrich Brömmling hat sich auf Spurensuche begeben und präsentiert in seiner neuen Biographie einen ganz anderen Max Emden. Das Netz seiner Kaufhäuser, darunter das Berliner KaDeWe, das Münchner Oberpollinger, das Allas in Stockholm oder das Corvín in Budapest, überzog ganz Europa. Neben seiner Leidenschaft fürs Geschäft war Emden ein Freund der Künste, der Architektur, des Sports und ein Wohltäter Hamburgs. 1927 kaufte er die Brissago-Inseln im Lago Maggiore und zog ein Jahr später ins Tessin - weg vom »Schmutz, den die Industrialisierung gebracht hatte«. Von dort musste er bald miterleben, wie die Machthaber in Berlin ihn um sein Vermögen brachten. Ein Schicksal, dem auch seine Kunstsammlung zum Opfer fiel, die er deutlich unter Wert verkaufen musste - darunter Canalettos, die über Zwischenhändler an Adolf Hitler persönlich gingen. Wirtschaftlich ruiniert starb Max Emden 65-jährig im Juni 1940.

Max Emden (1874-1940), entstammte einer der ältesten jüdischen Kaufmannsfamilien Hamburgs. Beim Eintritt ins väterliche Geschäft 1904 bestand M. J. Emden Söhne schon seit 80 Jahren. Aber erst Max Emden machte die Firma groß.
The Ethics of Writing Services for Graduate Students
Authors: De Oliveira Becky ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: September 2020

One area of ethical concern in higher education is writing services for graduate students, which can range from simple proofreading to rewriting content for flow, coherence, and structure to extensive content creation akin to ghostwriting. There are various ways to look at the use of writing services: 1) as a clear violations of ethics, presenting the student as a more capable writer than he or she is; 2) as a “necessary evil” resulting from greater numbers of individuals with inadequate writing preparation entering university graduate programs; and 3) as a routine part of professional practice utilized by published writers who uniformly benefit from editing and proofreading. Professors, research advisors, and writing center tutors must face a range of ethical questions regarding writing assistance, particularly given that many graduate students, particularly those at the doctoral level, will soon be established professionals expected to guide others in the production of scholarly work. What are the ethical differences between types of writing assistance? What is the appropriate level of writing help for those in graduate programs? How does a strict stance on the editing of student papers reflect on the common practice of professional editing for publication—which can make published writers appear perhaps more capable than they really are? This article examines the complex issues those working with graduate students can face in trying to improve the writing they produce while also maintaining strong ethical standards regarding authorship and encouraging the learning process. It provides an overview of the ethical issues involved in writing services and extensive outside writing help provided to graduate students, and offers suggestions for creating a balance between compassion, professionalism, and honesty in graduate writing. It also proposes general ideas for offering appropriate assistance based on the type of writing in question—assistance that honors the learning process, demonstrates respect for the concept of authorship, and adheres to the concepts of Respect for Persons, Beneficence, and Justice outlined in the Belmont Report (1978).
Designing and Interpreting Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Diagnostics: Mathematics, Visual Logistics, and Low Prevalence
Authors: Kost Gerald J.
Published: September 2020

Context.—

Coronavirus infectious disease-19 (COVID-19) diagnostics require understanding of how predictive values depend on sensitivity, specificity, and especially, low prevalence. Clear expectations, high sensitivity and specificity, and manufacturer disclosure will facilitate excellence of tests.

Objectives.—

To derive mathematical equations for designing and interpreting COVID-19 tests, assess US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Emergency Use Authorization and Health Canada minimum requirements, establish sensitivity and specificity tiers, and enhance clinical performance in low prevalence settings.

Design.—

PubMed and other sources generated articles on COVID-19 testing and prevalence. EndNote X9.1 consolidated references. Mathematica and open access software helped prove equations, perform recursive calculations, graph multivariate relationships, and visualize patterns, including a new relationship, predictive value geometric mean-squared.

Results.—

Derived equations were used to illustrate shortcomings of COVID-19 diagnostics in low prevalence. Visual logistics helped establish sensitivity/specificity tiers. FDA/Canada's 90% sensitivity, 95% specificity minimum requirements generate excessive false positives at low prevalence. False positives exceed true positives at prevalence lower than 5.3%, or if sensitivity is improved to 100% and specificity to 98%, at prevalence lower than 2%. Recursive testing improves predictive value. Three tiers emerged from these results. With 100% sensitivity, physicians can select desired predictive values, then input local prevalence, to determine suitable specificity.

Conclusions.—

Understanding low prevalence impact will help health care providers meet COVID-19 needs for effective testing. Laypersons should receive clinical performance disclosure when submitting specimens. Home testing needs to meet the same high standards as other tests. In the long run, it will be more cost-effective to improve COVID-19 point-of-care tests rather than repeat testing multiple times.
O que Deus e uma noção de saúde tem a ver com conflitos socioambientais no Brasil
Authors: Santos Edvan Lessa dos , Amorim Antonio Carlos Rodrigues de
Published: September 2020

The Pastoral Land Commission (CPT) signs a dense work about socio-environmental conflicts in the country, the Conflict in the Field Brazil, which unveils mobilizations of subjects before imminent or deflagrated actions against their ways of lives. The information denounces and foresees the conflictive scenario of the country, due to the recurrence of the data. The Map of Conflicts involving Environmental Injustice and the Health in Brazil denounces, on a website, national conflicts and is authored by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz). We analyzed the Map - site and book about the tool - and 14 editions of Conflicts in the Field Brazil. In this article, we highlight distinctive and common aspects of both and the correlations with religion made by the CPT in publicizing the conflicts and, in the case of Fiocruz, why such struggles involve a comprehensive understanding of health.
Vermicompost and trichoderma in the development of cherry group tomato seedlings
Authors: Silva Nayra Grazielle , Mambrí Ana Paula de Souza , Santos Dhylan Keillor Queiróz dos , Lopes Sidnei José , Marques Anderson Cesar Ramos , Silva Antonio Carlos Ferreira da
Published: September 2020

Trichoderma is used as crop growth promoters. However, they may have harmful effects at higher concentrations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vermicompost effect formulated with different concentrations of sandy soil, bioenriched with higher than recommended doses of trichoderma, on the germination, initial development and chemical composition of the cherry tomato Creole shoot. The treatments (T) used were substrate composed of vermicompost and sandy soil at 25 kg kg-1 (low), 50 kg kg-1 (medium) and 75 kg kg-1 (high), respectively. The Ecotrich bioproduct was added to the substrate at the following concentrations T1) 0.0; T2) 108; T3) 109; T4) 1010 cfu L-1. Afterwards, three cherry tomato seeds were sown per cell in trays containing the mixture, totaling 90 seeds per treatment. At 30 DAS, height, stem diameter, chlorophyll a, b and total, fresh and dry root and shoot phytomass, root volume and area, leaf area and leaf chemical analysis were evaluated. Bioproduct concentrations, compared to control without trichoderma, did not provide superior results for shoots and roots at 30 DAS. However, plants cultivated with higher concentration of vermicompost were less negatively affected at higher doses of the bioproduct.
Thematic Problems as a didactic strategy in initial teacher education
Authors: Silva Édila Rosane Alves da , Braibante Mara Elisa Fortes
Published: September 2020

This paper presents a didactic strategy developed in the initial teacher education in Chemistry, through the articulation between the Problem Solving Methodology and Themes, which was called Thematic Problems. Thematic Problems include the approach of problem situations linked to thematic subjects that require scientific knowledge for their reflection and subsequent resolution. It is intended from this method, to provide academics with the possibility of placing them in the role of teacher, providing them with subsidies for the elaboration of problem situations and their own didactic materials; reflection on the adequacy of different methodologies of classroom teaching, considering the learning objectives created by the undergraduates and the consideration of the importance of the association between specific and pedagogical contents for the exercise of the teaching profession. In this article, in addition to the approach to structuring and classifying Thematic Problems, we present examples of thematic problems elaborated by teachers in initial formation.
Deforestation in Conservation Units of the Brazilian Amazon: the case of the Terra do Meio Mosaic
Authors: Jesus Silvia Cristina de , Catojo Adriana Maria Zalla
Published: September 2020

The Terra do Meio Mosaic in the Brazilian Amazon was created with the purpose of inhibiting illegal logging and gold mining, as well as land grabbing, cattle raising and other activities that promote deforestation in the region. This work analyzes the dynamics of the deforestation (clear-cutting) in this set of Conservation Units and how they contain deforestation in the region. These protected areas  have been shown as an efficient tool in conserving natural ecosystems, with maintenance of main forest cover. The exception is the Triunfo do Xingu Environmental Protection Area which has less power to contain deforestation because it is a category that involves private lands. Na important reason for the clear cut of the forest is the establishment of pasture for cattle breeding. In the municipalities that contains the Mosaic, the small properties (up to 4 fiscal modules) are the ones that present the highest proportion of deforestation. The Indigenous Lands also play an important role in the maintenance of the Conservation Units functioning as a protective boundary zone and in refraining the clear-cutting, which occurs mainly in the surroundings of rivers and roads.
Convective boundary layer characterization in the Amazon rainforest before and after the passage of Mesoscale convective systems
Authors: Monteiro Vanessa
Published: September 2020

This study describes thermodynamic variables (e.g., temperature and humidity) of the atmospheric convective boundary layer (CBL) and its growth rates preceding and following the passage of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) in the Amazon rainforest. Using the data set provided by GoAmazon 2014/15, this study will address its objectives through the evaluation of case studies and an ensemble of days when there was the passage of MCSs. The results show that the convective boundary layer experiences reductions in the equivalent potential temperature within 2 to 8K and in the specific humidity up to 2 g kg-1 after the passage of a MCS, due to the cold and dry air brought to the surface by storms downdrafts. These two variables in addition to others (e.g., energy fluxes) are responsible for the low growth rates of the convective boundary layer, that were reduced by 100 m h-1 in the following two hours after the rainfall ceases, when compared to undisturbed conditions. Nonetheless, this work provides a quantitative evaluation of the thermodynamic features of the convective boundary layer under the passage of mesoscale convective systems in the Amazon rainforest.
Estudo do colapso da turbulência em um canal aberto estratificado
Authors: Kirinus Cristhian Hilberto , Lamaizon Felipe Pereira , Camponogara Luis Fernando , Lemes Junior Danilo Nogueira , Costa Felipe Denardin
Published: September 2020

Shortly after sunset the surface starts its cooling by the emission of longwave radiation. As a result of this process, the air layers along with the surface are cooled, thus giving rise to a Stable Boundary Layer (SBL). This paper aims to perform a numerical simulation of a turbulent flow and observe the effects of stratification on it. To perform this study, a reproduction of a flow in an open channel was made due the fact that the upper wall did not influence the flow, in which a temperature gradient between the lower and upper plates was applied. The CFD software used in this paper was OpenFOAM 2.4.0. The most appropriate solver for the present study is the buoyantPimpleFoam, which is suitable for compressible, turbulent, transient and heat transfer flows. Analyzing the results, it can be observed that before the thermal stratification process was performed the levels are coupled as a function of the turbulence. When this occurs, it causes greater velocity and temperature homogenization in the central region of the domain. For larger temperature gradients, it can be observed a laminarization of the flow due the thermal forcing being bigger than the mechanical ones.
Evaluation of surface fluxes using the WRF model – a case study to the Bananal wetlands’ region
Authors: Carneiro Rayonil Gomes , Ramos Diogo Nunes da Silva , Fonseca Letícia D’Agosto Miguel , Borges Camilla Kassar , Santos Cleber Assis dos , Fisch Gilberto , Borma Laura De Simone
Published: September 2020

The present work aimed to analyze the simulations of surface fluxes of sensible and latent heat, and global radiation using the mesoscale atmospheric model (WRF) for the Bananal Island (Tocantins state, Brazil) region during three distinct seasonal periods (flooded, dry, and wet) in 2004. The final analysis of the NCEP global model was used as initial and boundary conditions of the WRF, which horizontal resolution (5 km) and physical parameterizations follow the operational settings used at CPTEC/INPE. The global radiation, the simulated sensible and latent heat fluxes were consistent with the observed data for the daily cycle, where the R2 was higher than 0.8, showing a good correlation between the data. However, the WRF outputs overestimates/underestimates follow a distinct seasonal pattern between global radiation and heat fluxes. There are some hypotheses for this result, such as potential limitations of the model in describing the surface conditions, whether static or dynamic. Future studies may investigate how sensitive the WRF would be when updating surface conditions for scenarios closer to reality, especially the flooded surface situation.
Testing Our Assumptions: Preliminary Results from the Data Curation Network
Authors: Coburn Elizabeth , Johnston Lisa
Published: September 2020

Objective: Data curation is becoming widely accepted as a necessary component of data sharing. Yet, as there are so many different types of data with various curation needs, the Data Curation Network (DCN) project anticipated that a collaborative approach to data curation across a network of repositories would expand what any single institution might offer alone. Now, halfway through a three-year implementation phase, we’re testing our assumptions using one year of data from the DCN. Methods: Ten institutions participated in the implementation phase of a shared staffing model for curating research data. Starting on January 1, 2019, for 12 months we tracked the number, file types, and disciplines represented in data sets submitted to the DCN. Participating curators were matched to data sets based on their self-reported curation expertise. Aspects such as curation time, level of satisfaction with the assignment, and lack of appropriate expertise in the network were tracked and analyzed. Results: Seventy-four data sets were submitted to the DCN in year one. Seventy-one of them were successfully curated by DCN curators. Each curation assignment takes 2.4 hours on average, and data sets take a median of three days to pass through the network. By analyzing the domain and file types of first- year submissions, we find that our coverage is well represented across domains and that our capacity is higher than the demand, but we also observed that the higher volume of data containing software code relied on certain curator expertise more often than others, creating potential unbalance. Conclusions: The data from year one of the DCN pilot have verified key assumptions about our collaborative approach to data curation, and these results have raised additional questions about capacity, equitable use of network resources, and sustained growth that we hope to answer by the end of this implementation phase.
Teachers' Perceptions of Religious Literacy in the Development of Civic Participation
Authors: Grant John , Byford Jeffrey M. , Casey Laura , Owens-Mosby DeAnna , Casey Cort
Published: September 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceptions of teachers of religion courses who use the study of religion to prepare students for the pluralistic society awaiting them. The primary questions addressed in this study focused on perceptions of religious studies teachers
regarding their definition of religious literacy, the content of a religiously literate person, the civic consequences of an education that ignores religious literacy, and how religious literacy might inculcate civic values. The participants of this study included five purposefully selected
religious studies teachers from five different school types (i.e., Christian, Islamic, Jewish, nonsectarian, public). These participants were purposefully selected because their cases were information-rich' and illuminative; that is, they offered useful manifestations of the phenomenon of
interest; sampling, then, is aimed at insight about the phenomenon, not empirical generalizations from a sample to a population. A qualitative case study method was employed to investigate four research questions: (1) How do religious studies teachers define religious literacy? (2) Why is
religious literacy a necessary element in a students' secondary education? (3) What are the civic consequences of a society without religious literacy? and (4) How can religious studies inculcate civic values?
Speciation and the developmental alarm clock
Authors: Cutter Asher D , Bundus Joanna D
Published: September 2020

New species arise as the genomes of populations diverge. The developmental ‘alarm clock’ of speciation sounds off when sufficient divergence in genetic control of development leads hybrid individuals to infertility or inviability, the world awoken to the dawn of new species with intrinsic post-zygotic reproductive isolation. Some developmental stages will be more prone to hybrid dysfunction due to how molecular evolution interacts with the ontogenetic timing of gene expression. Considering the ontogeny of hybrid incompatibilities provides a profitable connection between ‘evo-devo’ and speciation genetics to better link macroevolutionary pattern, microevolutionary process, and molecular mechanisms. Here, we explore speciation alongside development, emphasizing their mutual dependence on genetic network features, fitness landscapes, and developmental system drift. We assess models for how ontogenetic timing of reproductive isolation can be predictable. Experiments and theory within this synthetic perspective can help identify new rules of speciation as well as rules in the molecular evolution of development.
Histone deposition pathways determine the chromatin landscapes of H3.1 and H3.3 K27M oncohistones
Authors: Sarthy Jay F , Meers Michael P , Janssens Derek H , Henikoff Jorja G , Feldman Heather , Paddison Patrick J , Lockwood Christina M , Vitanza Nicholas A , Olson James M , Ahmad Kami , Henikoff Steven
Published: September 2020

Lysine 27-to-methionine (K27M) mutations in the H3.1 or H3.3 histone genes are characteristic of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas (DMGs). These oncohistone mutations dominantly inhibit histone H3K27 trimethylation and silencing, but it is unknown how oncohistone type affects gliomagenesis. We show that the genomic distributions of H3.1 and H3.3 oncohistones in human patient-derived DMG cells are consistent with the DNAreplication-coupled deposition of histone H3.1 and the predominant replication-independent deposition of histone H3.3. Although H3K27 trimethylation is reduced for both oncohistone types, H3.3K27M-bearing cells retain some domains, and only H3.1K27M-bearing cells lack H3K27 trimethylation. Neither oncohistone interferes with PRC2 binding. Using Drosophila as a model, we demonstrate that inhibition of H3K27 trimethylation occurs only when H3K27M oncohistones are deposited into chromatin and only when expressed in cycling cells. We propose that oncohistones inhibit the H3K27 methyltransferase as chromatin patterns are being duplicated in proliferating cells, predisposing them to tumorigenesis.
Analysis of the Effect of the Charismatic Leadership Perception of Male 1st League Handball Athletes About Team Coaches on Team Unity in Terms of Certain Variables
Authors: Yılmaz ALBAYRAK Ahmet , BAYRAKDAROĞLU Yeşim , MUTLU T.Osman
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışma Türkiye Hentbol Federasyonu 2018-2019 erkek 1. Lig Hentbol sezonunda hentbol oynayan sporcuların, takım antrenörlerinin karizmatik liderlik algılarının takım bütünlüğüne etkisinin bazı değişkenler açısından incelenmesi amacıyla
hazırlanmıştır. 2018-2019 erkek 1. Lig hentbol sezonunda mücadele eden 13 takımda görev yapan 112 sporcu örneklem grubunu oluşturmuştur. Verilerin toplanmasında kullanılmak üzere Karizmatik Liderlik ve Grup Bütünlüğü Ölçekleri
kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın hipotezlerini test etmek amacıyla verilerinin analizinde, ortalama, standart sapma, frekans/yüzde, normal dağılım testi, (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test), gibi betimsel istatistiklerin yanında, ikili karşılaştırmalarda
t-testi (Mann-Withney U test), çoklu karşılaştırmalarda varyans analizi (Kruskal Wallis-H test) yapılmıştır. Analizler sonucunda; sporcuların eğitim durumu değişkenine göre etkili konuşma becerisi (U=949.500, p<0.05) ve grubun
sosyal çekiciliği (U=834.000, p<0.05), yaş değişkeni ile kişiselleştirilmiş ilgi χ2 (sd=3, n=112) = 8.109, p<0.05) ve grubun görevde bütünleşmesi χ2 (sd=3, n=112) = 8.686, p<0.05, spor yaşı değişkeni ile sıradışı görünüş
χ2 (sd=3, n=112) = 7.812, p<0.05), değerlerine sahip çıkma χ2 (sd=3, n=112) = 9.551, p<0.05), grubun sosyal bütünleşmesi χ2 (sd=3, n=112) = 8.319, p<0.05) ve grubun görevde bütünleşmesi χ2 (sd=3, n=112) = 13.177, p<0.05)
alt boyutları arasında, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmiş, diğer alt boyutlar arasında, istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık tespit edilmemiştir.
Illegal Oil Bunkering Hotspots, Its Implication on Vegetal Depletion in Delta State, Nigeria
Authors: Mark Ogoro , Divine Onyeanusi Obianuju , Uche Eze Allen
Published: September 2020

The study assessed facilities-based activities of illegal oil bunkering and its spatial trend, hotspots across Delta state. Secondary data was obtained from Landsat imageries of 2013 and 2018, National Oil Spill Monitor and National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA). The images were classified using supervised classification method, and the coordinates of illegal bunkering sites were overlaid and analyzed using the Differentiate Weighing Technique to express the magnitude of illegal bunkering activities that occurred across space while the coordinate were imported and overlaid on the administrative map of the study area to enable the appreciation and understanding of the trend in facilities-based activities of illegal bunkers across space. Findings revealed that between the years of 2013 through 2018, 162 oil spills was recorded and were spills recorded as a result of illegal bunkering in Delta state. Oil pipeline accounted for over 50 percent of targeted facilities by the operation of the illegal bunkering. Also, there is a noticeable decrease in the area covered by mangrove and fresh water forest in the tune of 68 and 60 percent respectively. This decrease can be attributed to the impact of spill oil on vegetal cover and health. Thus, the study recommends that communities sensitization programs should be encourage educating the host communities on the extent of self-inflicted impacts on the environment by the activities of locals.
Mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the promotion of fibrosis in obstructive nephropathy induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction
Authors: Martínez‐Klimova Elena , Aparicio‐Trejo Omar Emiliano , Gómez‐Sierra Tania , Jiménez‐Uribe Alexis Paulina , Bellido Belen , Pedraza‐Chaverri José
Published: September 2020

Obstructive nephropathy favors the progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD), a severe health problem worldwide. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) model is used to study the development of fibrosis. Impairment of renal mitochondria plays a crucial role in several types of CKD and has been strongly related to fibrosis onset. Nevertheless, in the UUO model, the impairment of mitochondria, their relationship with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress induction and the participation of both to induce the fibrotic process remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the current information about mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox dynamics, mitochondrial mass, and biogenesis alterations, as well as the relationship of these mitochondrial alterations with ER stress and their participation in fibrotic processes in UUO models. Early after obstruction, there is metabolic reprogramming related to mitochondrial fatty acid β‐oxidation impairment, triggering lipid deposition, oxidative stress, (calcium) Ca2+ dysregulation, and a reduction in mitochondrial mass and biogenesis. Mitochondria and the ER establish a pathological feedback loop that promotes the impairment of both organelles by ER stress pathways and Ca2+ levels dysregulation. Preserving mitochondrial and ER function can prevent or at least delay the fibrotic process and loss of renal function. However, deeper understanding is still necessary for future clinically‐useful therapies.
Gamma‐Linolenic and Pinolenic Acids Exert Anti‐Inflammatory Effects in Cultured Human Endothelial Cells Through Their Elongation Products
Authors: Baker Ella J. , Valenzuela Carina A. , van Dooremalen Wies T.M. , Martínez‐Fernández Leyre , Yaqoob Parveen , Miles Elizabeth A. , Calder Philip C.
Published: September 2020

Scope

Omega‐3 fatty acids (FAs) from oily fish reduce cardiovascular disease. This may be partly due to modulation of endothelial cell (EC) inflammation. Fish stocks are declining and there is a need for sustainable alternative FAs. Gamma‐linolenic acid (GLA) and pinolenic acid (PLA) are plant‐derived FAs, which can fulfil this role.

Methods and results

EA.hy926 cells are exposed GLA and PLA prior to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α. GLA and PLA are incorporated into ECs, resulting in increases in long‐chain derivatives produced by elongase 5, dihomo‐gamma‐linolenic acid (DGLA), and eicosatrienoic acid (ETA). Both GLA and PLA (50 µm) decrease production of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (sICAM‐1), monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP‐1), and regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES). However, decreases in these mediators are not seen after pre‐treatment with GLA or PLA in elongase 5 silenced EA.hy926 cells. DGLA and ETA (10 µm) decrease EC production of sICAM‐1, MCP‐1, RANTES, and IL‐6. All FAs reduce adhesion of THP‐1 monocytes to EA.hy926 cells. Both PLA (50 µm) and ETA (10 µm) decrease NFκBp65 phosphorylation.

Conclusion

These effects suggest potential for GLA, PLA and their long‐chain derivatives, DGLA and ETA, as sustainable anti‐inflammatory alternatives to fish‐derived FAs.
Effect of chemical alternatives to methyl bromide on soil‐borne disease incidence and fungal populations in Spanish strawberry nurseries: A long‐term study
Authors: Villarino Maria , Larena Inmaculada , Melgarejo Paloma , De Cal Antonieta
Published: September 2020

BACKGROUND

Chloropicrin (PIC) mixtures of 1,3‐dichloropropene and chloropicrin (DD:PIC), dazomet, and metam sodium (MS) have been applied as chemical alternatives to methyl bromide (MB) in Spanish strawberry nurseries since MB was banned as a soil fumigant in 2005. These chemical alternatives were applied to soil in two Spanish strawberry nurseries between 2003 and 2017 to test their efficacy against the main crown and root disease and soil fungal populations in comparison with the use of MB and PIC (MB:PIC). These chemicals were applied at several doses with different application methods under plastic films. Crown and root disease incidence was calculated as the percentage of plants with symptoms caused by soil‐borne pathogens. Soil fungal populations were estimated as colony forming units per gram of dry soil.

RESULTS

All chemicals significantly reduced soil‐borne fungal disease incidence and fungal population in both nurseries over the years. Phytophthora cactorum and Fusarium spp. were the main pathogens causing soil‐borne diseases, followed by Verticillium spp. MB:PIC remained the treatment that best controlled P. cactorum. MS and DD:PIC controlled Fusarium disease to a lesser extent than MB:PIC and dazomet in both nurseries. MB:PIC and PIC were the two treatments that most reduced Verticillium spp. The population of Verticillium spp. declined and the presence of other species such as Colletotrichum spp. and Rhizoctonia spp. was minimal during the study.

CONCLUSION

Chemicals are necessary to obtain healthy strawberry plants. The use of chemical alternatives to MB has resulted in changes in the incidence of soil‐borne diseases and soil fungal populations in strawberry nurseries. Dazomet was an effective alternative to MB as a soil‐borne disease control, except against Verticillium spp. MB alternatives in strawberry nursery soils have caused Fusarium spp. to displace Verticillium spp.
Anchoring SnS2 on TiC/C Backbone to Promote Sodium Ion Storage by Phosphate Ion Doping
Authors: Shen Yanbin , Deng Shengjue , Liu Ping , Zhang Yan , Li Yahao , Tong Xili , Shen Hong , Liu Qi , Pan Guoxiang , Zhang Lingjie , Wang Xiuli , Xia Xinhui , Tu Jiangping
Published: September 2020

Tin disulfide (SnS2) shows promising properties toward sodium ion storage with high capacity, but its cycle life and high rate capability are still undermined as a result of poor reaction kinetics and unstable structure. In this work, phosphate ion (PO43−)‐doped SnS2 (P‐SnS2) nanoflake arrays on conductive TiC/C backbone are reported to form high‐quality P‐SnS2@TiC/C arrays via a hydrothermal–chemical vapor deposition method. By virtue of the synergistic effect between PO43− doping and conductive network of TiC/C arrays, enhanced electronic conductivity and enlarged interlayer spacing are realized in the designed P‐SnS2@TiC/C arrays. Moreover, the introduced PO43− can result in favorable intercalation/deintercalation of Na+ and accelerate electrochemical reaction kinetics. Notably, lower bandgap and enhanced electronic conductivity owing to the introduction of PO43− are demonstrated by density function theory calculations and UV–visible absorption spectra. In view of these positive factors above, the P‐SnS2@TiC/C electrode delivers a high capacity of 1293.5 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exhibits good rate capability (476.7 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1), much better than the SnS2@TiC/C counterpart. This work may trigger new enthusiasm on construction of advanced metal sulfide electrodes for application in rechargeable alkali ion batteries.
Rethinking Climate-Smart Agriculture Adoption for Resilience-Building Among Smallholder Farmers: Gender-Sensitive Adoption Framework
Authors: Khoza Sizwile , van Niekerk Dewald , Nemakonde Livhuwani
Published: September 2020

This study identifies the need for holistic understanding of gender-differentiated climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption by smallholder farmers who are at the frontline of climate-related hazards and disasters in Africa. CSA adoption is predominantly informed by a parochial linear approach to farmers’ decision-making processes. Resilience-building and adaptation, which forms the second pillar of CSA and can enhance understanding of the CSA adoption nuances at farmer level, often receives less attention in adoption investigations. To appreciate CSA adoption from a resilience perspective, this study focused on resilience-building based on the interlinkage between CSA and disaster risk reduction and applied a resilience perspective in a gendered approach to CSA adoption by smallholder farmers. Through primary data collected in an exploratory sequential mixed method design, the study presents a proposed normative gender-sensitive CSA adoption framework to guide CSA implementation strategies and policies. The framework is anchored in resilience thinking, and some of its key components include gender-sensitive CSA technology development, risk-informed decision-making by heterogeneous smallholder farmers, gender-sensitive enabling factors, resilience strategies, gender equitable and equal ownership, and control of and access to resilience capitals. The proposed framework can be used to improve CSA adoption by smallholder farmers by addressing gendered vulnerability and inequality that influence low adoption.
Augmented Reality for People with Low Vision: Symbolic and Alphanumeric Representation of Information
Authors: Lang Florian , Schmidt Albrecht , Machulla Tonja
Published: September 2020

Many individuals with visual impairments have residual vision that often remains underused by assistive technologies. Head-mounted augmented reality (AR) devices can provide assistance, by recoding difficult-to-perceive information into a visual format that is more accessible. Here, we evaluate symbolic and alphanumeric information representations for their efficiency and usability in two prototypical AR applications: namely, recognizing facial expressions of conversational partners and reading the time. We find that while AR provides a general benefit, the complexity of the visual representations has to be matched to the user’s visual acuity.
My Train Talks to Me: Participatory Design of a Mobile App for Travellers with Visual Impairments
Authors: Vollenwyder Beat , Buchmüller Esther , Trachsel Christian , Opwis Klaus , Brühlmann Florian
Published: September 2020

Travellers with visual impairments may face substantial information gaps on their journeys by public transport. For instance, information displayed in trains, as well as on departure boards in train stations and on platforms, are often not available in acoustic or tactile form. Digital technologies, such as smartphones or smartwatches, can provide an alternative means of access. However, these alternatives do not guarantee that the user experience is comparable in value, quality and efficiency. The present case study details a participatory design process, where travellers with visual impairments co-designed a mobile app. The goal was to tackle information gaps on journeys by public transport and to learn how participatory design can facilitate the provision of comparable experiences for users with disabilities. Travellers with visual impairments were involved in a collaborative process in all project phases, including problem identification, technical feasibility, proof of concept, design and development. Participatory design contributed to a thorough understanding of the user perspective and allowed the app to be optimised for the needs of travellers with visual impairments. Furthermore, co-design proved to be an effective method for fostering awareness and knowledge about digital accessibility at all organisational levels.
An Augmented Reality Game for Helping Elderly to Perform Physical Exercises at Home
Authors: Nishchyk Anna , Geentjens Wim , Medina Alejandro , Klein Marie , Chen Weiqin
Published: September 2020

People are living longer nowadays. Unfortunately, this positive tendency is marred by various age-related health issues, which people experience. Falling is one of the most serious and common of them. Falls negatively influences elderly’ everyday living and significantly decreases quality of their life. Physical exercises is a proven method for preventing falls. However, it is only effective when training is regular and exercise techniques are correct. This paper presents a prototype of an augmented reality exergame for elderly people to perform physical exercise at home. The research is focusing on developing a solution for both above-mentioned issues: augmentation with Microsoft Kinect and various sensors assists in creating a safe game environment, which can helps to perform exercises with right technique; gamification elements contribute to users’ motivation to train regularly. A user-centered design approach was adopted to guide the design and development iterative process. User testing of the first prototype was performed and demonstrated positive attitudes from participants. Feedback from user testing will be used for the next development iterations.
Requirements for Large Scale Web Accessibility Evaluation
Authors: Paternò Fabio , Pulina Francesca , Santoro Carmen , Gappa Henrike , Mohamad Yehya
Published: September 2020

The recent European legislation emphasizes the importance of enabling people with disabilities to have access to online information and services of public sector bodies. To this regard, automatic evaluation and monitoring of Web accessibility can play a key role for various stakeholders involved in creating and maintaining over time accessible products. In this paper we present the results of elicitation activities that we carried out in a European project to collect experience and feedback from Web commissioners, developers and content authors of websites and web applications. The purpose was to understand their current practices in addressing accessibility issues, identify the barriers they encounter when exploiting automatic support in ensuring the accessibility of Web resources, and receive indications about what functionalities they would like to exploit in order to better manage accessibility evaluation and monitoring.
Development of Tactile Globe by Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Teshima Yoshinori , Hosoya Yohsuke , Sakai Kazuma , Nakano Tsukasa , Tanaka Akiko , Aomatsu Toshiaki , Yamazawa Kenji , Ikegami Yuji , Watanabe Yasunari
Published: September 2020

To understand geographical positions, globes adapted for tactile learning is needed for people with visual impairments. Therefore, we created three-dimensional (3D) tactile models of the earth for the visually impaired, utilizing the exact topography data obtained by planetary explorations. Additively manufactured 3D models of the earth can impart an exact shape of relief on their spherical surfaces. In this study, we made improvements to existing models to satisfy the requirements of tactile learning. These improvements were the addition of the equator, prime meridian, and two poles to a basis model. Hence, eight types of model were proposed. The equator and the prime meridian were expressed by the belt on four models (i.e., B1, B2, B3, and B4). The height of their belt was pro-vided in four stages. The equator and the prime meridian were expressed by the gutter on four models (i.e., C1, C2, C3, and C4). The width of their gutter was provided in four stages. The north pole was expressed by a cone, while the south pole was expressed by a cylinder. The two poles have a common shape in all of the eight models. Evaluation experiments revealed that the Earth models developed in this study were useful for tactile learning of the visually impaired.