bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lack of interaction between enzalutamide and warfarin in a metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patient
Authors: Casserly Elizabeth A , Rogers Sara E , Keisner Sidney V
Published: October 2015

Enzalutamide is an androgen receptor antagonist used for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Enzalutamide is classified as a strong cytochrome P450 3A4 inducer, a moderate 2C9 and 2C19 inducer, and a time-dependent inducer of 1A2. Warfarin’s more potent enantiomer is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 2C9 and has a narrow therapeutic window. Enzalutamide is thought to decrease therapeutic warfarin concentrations per pharmacokinetic studies performed during drug development. This case report describes a 59–year-old man undergoing treatment with enzalutamide for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with a history of femoral vein thrombosis. The patient was receiving a total weekly warfarin dose of 37.5 mg prior to starting enzalutamide. Enzalutamide was initiated and warfarin continued at a constant dose without decrease in the patient’s INR. The patient continued on enzalutamide and warfarin for 1 year without having any documented subtherapeutic INRs. This report illustrates one case in which the interaction between warfarin and enzalutamide was not clinically significant.
Pilot randomised controlled trial of Help4Mood, an embodied virtual agent-based system to support treatment of depression
Authors: Burton Christopher , Szentagotai Tatar Aurora , McKinstry Brian , Matheson Colin , Matu Silviu , Moldovan Ramona , Macnab Michele , Farrow Elaine , David Daniel , Pagliari Claudia , Serrano Blanco Antoni , Wolters Maria ,   for the Help4Mood Consortium
Published: October 2015

Introduction

Help4Mood is an interactive system with an embodied virtual agent (avatar) to assist in self-monitoring of patients receiving treatment for depression. Help4Mood supports self-report and biometric monitoring and includes elements of cognitive behavioural therapy. We aimed to evaluate system use and acceptability, to explore likely recruitment and retention rates in a clinical trial and to obtain an estimate of potential treatment response with a view to conducting a future randomised controlled trial (RCT).

Methods

We conducted a pilot RCT of Help4Mood in three centres, in Romania, Spain and Scotland, UK. Patients with diagnosed depression (major depressive disorder) and current mild/moderate depressive symptoms were randomised to use the system for four weeks in addition to treatment as usual (TAU) or to TAU alone.

Results

Twenty-seven individuals were randomised and follow-up data were obtained from 21 participants (12/13 Help4Mood, 9/14 TAU). Half of participants randomised to Help4Mood used it regularly (more than 10 times); none used it every day. Acceptability varied between users. Some valued the emotional responsiveness of the system, while others found it too repetitive. Intention to treat analysis showed a small difference in change of Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI-2) scores (Help4Mood –5.7 points, TAU –4.2). Post-hoc on-treatment analysis suggested that participants who used Help4Mood regularly experienced a median change in BDI-2 of –8 points.

Conclusion

Help4Mood is acceptable to some patients receiving treatment for depression although none used it as regularly as intended. Changes in depression symptoms in individuals who used the system regularly reached potentially meaningful levels.
Materiality, magic and belief: Framing the countryside in fantastical live-action roleplay games
Authors: Mitchell Laura
Published: October 2015

This account of a UK live-action roleplay (LARP) event highlights complex shifts between different interpretive frames, foregrounding the role of the physical setting as well as of non-players and locals in providing symbolic resources that inhibit or support breaking frames. The conception of framing used here draws upon and extends Goffman’s definition of a frame as part of the organization of activity that specifies meaning and expectations of involvement. In looking at the setting of such framing processes ethnographically, this article presents UK LARP as a distinctive engagement with rural materiality and a creative alternative to traditional country pursuits. From the point of view of a game organizer, the paper identifies the creation of specific contextual frames by the visiting hobbyists associated with three interpretations: 1) a narrative conception of the space as a backdrop for fantastical events, 2) a ludic conception of the space as an area of game-playing, 3) an event conception of the space and its inhabitants as something to be managed. Three examples of disruptions to the work employed to maintain these frames demonstrate the fragility of the magic involved in this fantastical hobby.
The thermal protection and comfort properties of aerogel and PCM-coated fabric for firefighter garment
Authors: Shaid Abu , Wang Lijing , Padhye Rajiv
Published: October 2015

The study evaluates the simultaneous use of aerogel and phase change material (PCM) on the face cloth of thermal liner in firefighter’s protective garment. Aerogel is commonly used to resist incoming heat flux in the field of high heat protection and to prevent the loss of body heat in the cold environment clothing. In high heat protection clothing, aerogel not only resists the incoming heat fluxes but also blocks the outbound body heat. As a result the wearer suffers from internal increase of body temperature. Previous studies identified the potential use of aerogel in firefighter’s protective clothing. However there was no clear approach to resolve the problem associated with body heat release. Current study focuses on the problem by applying PCM along with aerogel on fabric. The ambient-side of a thermal liner face cloth was coated with silica aerogel particles; meanwhile, the next to skin side was coated with PCM/aerogel composite powder. The new thermal liner revealed superior thermal protection and comfort. It extended the time to reach pain threshold and increased the pain alarm time. The Fourier transform infrared analysis of the aerogel/PCM composite powder showed the presence of PCM in nanoporous aerogel particles while the differential scanning calorimeter quantified the heat absorbing capacity of the new composite powder. Scanning electron microscope, air permeability tester, and jPOR macro of ImageJ software were used for the surface characteristics and porosity analysis of coated liner. The thermal stability of the composite powder was investigated through an infrared thermal camera. No dripping or form deterioration was observed when the composite powder was heated over a temperature three times above the melting temperature of the pure PCM.
Stem cell therapies in the treatment of diabetic retinopathy and keratopathy
Authors: Kramerov Andrei A , Ljubimov Alexander V
Published: October 2015

Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (DR) is characterized by multiple degenerative changes that could be potentially corrected by stem cell therapies. Most studies so far have attempted to alleviate typical abnormalities of early retinopathy, including vascular hyperpermeability, capillary closure and pericyte dropout. Success was reported with adult stem cells (vascular progenitors or adipose stem cells), as well as induced pluripotent stem cells from cord blood. The cells were able to associate with damaged vessels in both pericyte and endothelial lining positions in models of DR and ischemia-reperfusion. In some diabetic models, functional amelioration of vasculature and electroretinograms was noted. Another approach for endogenous progenitor cell therapy is to normalize dysfunctional diabetic bone marrow and residing endothelial progenitors using NO donors, PPAR-δ and -γ agonists, or inhibition of TGF-β. A potentially important strategy would be to reduce neuropathy by stem cell inoculations, either naïve (e.g., paracrine-acting adipose stem cells) or secreting specific neuroprotectants, such as ciliary neurotrophic factor or brain-derived neurotrophic factor that showed benefit in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Parkinson’s disease. Recent advances in stem cell therapies for diabetic retinal microangiopathy may form the basis of first clinical trials in the near future. Additionally, stem cell therapies may prove beneficial for diabetic corneal disease (diabetic keratopathy) with pronounced epithelial stem cell dysfunction.
“An Influential Squaw”: Intermarriage and Community in Central California, 1839–1851
Authors: Sousa Ashley Riley
Published: October 2015

Historians examining relations between Indian women and non-Indian men on the California frontier have focused on the gold rush era and later. These interactions were often violent and degrading to native women and a source of disease, despair, and population decline in Indian communities. Less attention has been paid the pre–gold rush period, in which a more complex social and sexual milieu emerged, influenced by the labor and familial relations of the fur trade. In California's Central Valley, white and Native Hawaiian settlers pursued relationships with Plains Miwok– and Valley Nisenan–speaking women with great enthusiasm. Closer examination of these interracial and interethnic relationships at John Sutter's New Helvetia colony suggests that intimate relationships between Indian women and settler men helped anchor these newcomers to communities that provided companionship, security, and access to labor and valuable resources. More than simply temporary arrangements of convenience, these relationships helped revitalize Indian communities and were essential to the colonization of central California.
Q'eqchi' Maya Swidden Agriculture, Settlement History, and Colonial Enterprise in Modern Belize
Authors: Downey Sean S.
Published: October 2015

This study reconstructs the settlement history for twelve related Q'eqchi' Maya villages in the Toledo District of southern Belize using oral history interviews, archival records, and the Catholic parish birth register. The study evaluates two hypotheses for explaining the identified patterns: carrying capacity, which suggests that increasing village populations and environmental limits drove new settlements, and political ecology, which suggests that exogenous economic forces determined the timing and location of new settlements. The analysis indicates that villages rarely encountered significant environmental limits that directly caused resettlement; in contrast, economic expansion into remote parts of southern Belize and social tensions better explain the observed demographic shifts. The second part of the study triangulates this result by analyzing how the settlement history relates to changes in the amount of land available per capita through time. The results of this catchment analysis support the proposition that Q'eqchi' settlement patterns during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries were largely driven by exogenous economic activity rather than carrying capacity. The study makes a general contribution to swidden research by dissecting the relationship between history, demography, and the practice of swidden as a flexible and adaptable agricultural strategy.
Ο ναός του Αγίου Αθανασίου στον Κάμπο των Μεγάρων
Authors: ΣΤΟΥΦΗ-ΠΟΥΛΗΜΕΝΟΥ Ιωάννα
Published: October 2015

Ο ναός του Αγίου Αθανασίου είναι ένας απλός τετρακιόνιος σταυροειδής εγγεγραμμένος ναός με τρούλο (διαστ. 6.60Χ5,85 μ.). Αρχικά είχε νάρθηκα. Αξιοσημείωτα στοιχεία του ναού αποτελούν: η ακανόνιστη κάτοψη, η ευρεία ημιεξαγωνική κόγχη του ιερού, το δίβηλο άνοιγμα επικοινωνίας του κυρίως ναού με τον νάρθηκα και η διαμόρφωση πεταλόμορφου τόξου πάνω από το υπέρθυρο της βόρειας θύρας. Τόσο η αρχιτεκτονική όσο και τα ελάχιστα δείγματα ζωγραφικής, που διασώθηκαν, επιτρέπουν τη χρονολόγηση του ναού στο τέλος του 12ου ή μάλλον στις πρώτες δεκαετίες του 13ου αιώνα.
An Affinity for the Lumpen: Depictions of Homelessness in Delany’s Bread & Wine and The Mad Man
Authors: Bucher Michael , Dickel Simon
Published: October 2015

Bread & Wine and The Mad Man ’s depictions of homeless men as desirable, the texts’ analyses of class as central to human desires, and their affirmation of the unsettling effects of interclass contact contradict social realist and romanticizing literary representations of homelessness and form an important intervention into the political and literary discourse on the lumpenproletariat. Both texts show sexual relations between homeless men and academics. From the excitement of first getting to know each other to the everyday process of building a lasting relationship, these men eroticize the class differences usually experienced as unsettling, and go to astonishing lengths in presenting as a blueprint for social change one of the character’s central insight: The more different a person is from me, the more I’ll learn from them.
Queer.Black Politics, Queer.Black Communities: Touching the Utopian Frame in Delany’s Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders
Authors: Griffiths Timothy M.
Published: October 2015

Samuel Delany’s latest novel, Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders , tells the story of two men living in a queer.black utopia staged in the not-too-distant American future. The conceit of this novel—its perpetual calling into question of the stakes and praxis of intersectional utopianism—reflects Delany’s growing anxiety over his work’s absorption into academic discourse, as well as his continued interest in the residual presence of identity politics in the post-Obama era. This essay performs a close-reading of the novel, contextualizing it with the changing utility and promise of queer.black politics in America.
“On the Unspeakable”: Delany, Desire, and the Tactic of Transgression
Authors: Wachter-Grene Kirin
Published: October 2015

In this article, I explore Samuel Delany’s notoriously “unpublishable” novel Hogg through his conceptualization of “the unspeakable”: ways of transgressive sexual being and knowing that are simultaneously pleasurable and political. In understanding Hogg as transgressive, I suggest its characters play with limits and boundaries to trouble, not transcend, structures of containment on both the right and the left. I suggest that reading transgression as a political tactic through the unspeakable reveals, among other critically advantageous concepts, why and how both the right and left attempt to delimit identities and what can and cannot be spoken of or written about.
“Innocent by Contamination”: Ethnicity and Technicity in Delany’s Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand
Authors: Foster Thomas
Published: October 2015

This essay analyzes the various ways in which Samuel Delany’s Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand (1984) dramatizes “the notion of a fragmented subject as a ‘natural’ condition” or as a principle of futuristic, social world-building. The essay argues that Stars represents one of Delany’s most direct explorations of the relation between poststructuralist theory and the politics of race, gender, sexuality, and nonnormative family formations. In the novel’s futuristic context, this relation takes the form of a dialogue between ethnicity and technicity, an intersectional concept of race and its mediation by new technologies, that produces an alternative model for cyberpunk science fiction.
The Collar and the Sword: Queer Resistance in Samuel R. Delany’s Tales of Nevèrÿon
Authors: Yu Burnett Joshua
Published: October 2015

This paper explores depictions of queerness and resistance in Samuel Delany’s Tales of Nevèrÿon . The paper particularly focuses on the characters of Gorgik the Liberator, an antislavery crusader and BDSM enthusiast, who is never actually seen liberating a slave in the book and Raven, a woman warrior from a matriarchal land. While Gorgik wears a slave’s collar as a symbol of both his commitment to liberation and his queer sexuality, Raven’s twin-bladed sword represents her commitment to violent resistance of misogyny and, in a reversal of the usual phallic symbolism of the sword, symbolizes a vagina.
Queer Futures and the Anxiety of Anticipation: Literary Masochism in Delany
Authors: McCleese Nicole
Published: October 2015

This essay focuses on Delany’s representation of sadomasochism in a canonical science fiction novel and a recent pornographic novel. I draw on Elizabeth Freeman’s analysis of sadomasochism, queer temporality, and queer history to analyze Samuel Delany’s literary masochism first in Stars in My Pocket Like Grains of Sand and then in Through the Valley of the Nest of Spiders . I argue that masochistic time in Delany describes the way the past of slavery is activated in the play of sadomasochistic performance of history, which is bound up with the anxiety of anticipation for queer futurity.
Meaning ‘spryngyth, burgenyth, buddyth, and florysshyth’: Reading Malory’s May Passages
Authors: Atkinson Stephen
Published: October 2015

After 1947, Malory criticism was derailed by reactions to Vinaver’s Works , with critics pursuing the phantoms of unity and originality. New developments in critical theory were ignored, and criticism remained fixated on formalist concerns. This essay addresses the May passages through insights from deconstructionism, embracing the May passages’ complexities and shifting implications.
Sir Lancelot at the Chapel Perelus: Malory’s Adaptation of the Perlesvaus
Authors: Marshall Adam Bryant
Published: October 2015

This essay examines the differences between Malory’s account of Lancelot’s adventure at the Chapel Perelus and that of his source-text, the anonymous Perlesvaus . Comparison of these two accounts reveals Malory’s efforts to make the episode more terrifying, a change that highlights Lancelot’s knightly courage in the face of supernatural danger.
The Body of Law: Embodied Justice in Sir Thomas Malory’s Morte Darthur
Authors: Taylor Amanda D.
Published: October 2015

This article argues that Malory undermines paradigms of divine, sovereign, and common law justice while suggesting embodied justice as a viable alternative that depends upon the agency of the body in debate. It explores the implications for women who gain greater access to judicial process via the mechanism of embodied justice and rejection of prescriptive law.
The ‘Best Breathed’ Knights in a Stertorous Age: Tuberculosis and Sidney Lanier’s The Boy’s King Arthur
Authors: Wakeman Rob
Published: October 2015

Having contracted tuberculosis during the Civil War, Sidney Lanier valorized the ‘healthful’ qualities of medieval literature in his Reconstruction-era writings. This essay argues that Lanier prescribed his Boy’s King Arthur as a cure for disease-ridden bodies both politic and personal.
Black Families and Socio-economic Inequality in Canada
Authors: Livingstone Anne-Marie , Weinfeld Morton
Published: October 2015

There have been virtually no recent census-based studies on the familial characteristics of black Canadians. The present study is a partial replication and extension of a study on black families published two decades ago by Christensen and Weinfeld (1993) and based on the 1986 Canadian census. The present paper utilizes the 2006 census in order to examine the current conditions of black families in Canada and assess what has changed since 1986 in the composition, marital status, and income of these families. Findings indicate that black families are more culturally heterogeneous than ever. Despite this, racial disparities in family formation and household income have only accentuated since 1986, bearing unique consequences for native and foreign-born black men and women. On the whole, relatively more black Canadians 25–44 years of age were single and never married, divorced, or separated in 2006 than in 1986. Between 1986 and 2006, the disparities in income between black families with young children and the general population have grown larger, both for single and dual parent families. The consequences of higher family instability, lone-parent families, economic insecurity and poverty for black families can only be detrimental for the welfare of children, particularly in a context of racial inequality. These issues deserve to be further investigated.

Il n’existe aucune étude récente sur les caractéristiques des familles noires au Canada qui se base sur les données du recensement. En plus de présenter de nouvelles analyses sur les familles noires, cette étude reprend en partie celles effectuées il y a 20 ans par Christensen et Weinfeld (1993) à l’aide des données du recensement de 1986. Les objectifs sont, d’une part, d’examiner les circonstances des familles noires selon la composition du ménage, le statut conjugal et le revenu familial par le biais du recensement de 2006 et, d’autre part, de comparer ces résultats avec les données de 1986. L’hétérogénéité culturelle des familles noires va grandissante. Les résultats démontrent que les disparités raciales ont augmenté au sein de la population noire depuis 1986 quant à la formation des familles et le revenu des ménages, et imposent des conséquences uniques pour les femmes et hommes noirs nés au Canada ou à l’extérieur. Entre 1986 et 2006, les disparités de revenu ont augmenté entre les ménages comprenant des enfants noirs et la population générale. Ces disparités sont présentes autant chez les familles monoparentales que biparentales. L’instabilité conjugale, vivre dans une famille monoparentale, l’insécurité économique et la pauvreté peuvent avoir des effets néfastes pour le bien-être des enfants issus de familles de la minorité noire et ce, particulièrement dans un contexte d’inégalités raciales. Ces questions méritent d’être approfondies.
Health differences between Black and White Canadians: Revisiting Lebrun and LaVeist (2011, 2013)
Authors: Veenstra Gerry , Patterson Andrew C
Published: October 2015

In an article previously published in Canadian Ethnic Studies , Lebrun and LaVeist (2013) analyzed pooled data from four cycles of the Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) to find that native-born Black Canadians tend to report comparable or better health outcomes than native-born White Canadians. We suggest that several problematical modelling decisions led to a misrepresentation of Black-White health inequalities among native-born Canadians. Attending to these issues in an expanded dataset comprised of eight cycles of the CCHS, we find that, in comparison with native-born White Canadians, native-born Black Canadians are less likely to report being a current or former smoker but more likely to be overweight or obese and to report fair or poor self-rated health, hypertension and diabetes. We do not find statistically significant differences between native-born Black and White Canadians in self-reported asthma, heart disease and cancer. We also find that socioeconomic status plays a role in explaining Black-White inequalities in self-rated health and diabetes in particular. In summary, our analysis indicates that, prior to controlling for potential explanatory factors, native-born Black Canadians tend to report comparable or worse health outcomes than native-born White Canadians.

Dans un article publié précédemment dans Canadian Ethnic Studies ( Études ethniques au Canada ), Lebrun et LaVeist (2013) ont analysé des données collectées de quatre cycles de l’Enquête sur la santé dans les collectivités canadiennes (ESCC) pour établir que les Canadiens noirs de souche tendent à présenter des résultats cliniques comparables ou meilleurs que les Canadiens blancs de souche. Nous établissons que plusieurs décisions de modélisation problématiques ont conduit à une mauvaise représentation des inégalités cliniques entre les Noirs et les Blancs parmi les Canadiens de souche. En nous penchant sur ces questions dans un ensemble de données élargi comprenant huit cycles de l’ESCC, nous nous rendons compte que, comparativement aux Canadiens blancs de souche, les Canadiens noirs de souche sont moins susceptibles de se déclarer comme des fumeurs actuels ou anciens. Cependant, ils sont plus susceptibles d’être en surpoids ou obèses et de présenter un bon ou mauvais état de santé auto-évalué, l’hypertension et le diabète. Nous ne trouvons pas d’importantes différences au plan statistique entre les Canadiens noirs et les Canadiens blancs de souche en ce qui concerne l’asthme auto-évalué, les maladies cardiaques et le cancer. Nous nous rendons également compte que le statut socioé-conomique joue un rôle dans l’explication des inégalités entre les Noirs et les Blancs en ce qui concerne la santé auto-évaluée et le diabète en particulier. En résumé, notre analyse indique qu’avant le contrôle des facteurs explicatifs potentiels, les Canadiens noirs de souche tendent à présenter des résultats cliniques comparables ou pires comparativement aux Canadiens blancs de souche.
Calvino’s “Crisis of Reason” Revisited
Authors: Tal-Socher Michal
Published: October 2015

Italo Calvino’s fiction has often been read as a literary critique of modern reason. His nonfiction has sometimes been understood as enthusiastic about the cognitive capacity of science. Both readings follow the author’s self-conceptualization as a writer deeply interested in epistemological issues. A rereading of some of his essayistic and journalistic texts as well as the novel Invisible Cities shows that this epistemological pondering to some extent cloaks ethical concerns and Calvino’s increasingly pessimistic conception of the leeway of human freedom in the social sphere.
Navigating Guilt, Shame, and Fear of Appearing Racist: A Conceptual Model of Antiracist White Feminist Identity Development
Authors: Linder Chris
Published: October 2015

In this study, I employed narrative inquiry supported by intersectionality theory to explore the experiences of 6 antiracist, White, feminist undergraduate women. A conceptual model of antiracist identity development emerged from the data. Participants described vivid experiences with guilt, shame, and fear that kept them from engaging in allied behavior. While participants acknowledged the importance of moving through fear so they could engage in action, they often struggled to do so. Implications for educators and directions for future research are provided.
Effectiveness of a Career Development Course on Students’ Job Search Skills and Self-Efficacy
Authors: McDow Lauren W. , Zabrucky Karen M.
Published: October 2015

In the current economic landscape, most college students’ primary goal for obtaining an undergraduate degree is an increase in job opportunities and salary potential. Additionally, the average combined result of graduates’ job searches is one of the primary factors in rankings of higher education institutions. In this study we assessed the effectiveness of a credit-bearing career course on students’ résumé writing, interviewing skills and job search self-efficacy (JSSE) compared to those in a control group of students not enrolled in the career course. Results revealed that being enrolled in the career development course had a significant effect on students’ résumé quality and interviewing skills, yet their JSSE, already high before the course, did not change significantly as a result of the class.
When Being Deaf is Centered: d/Deaf Women of Color’s Experiences With Racial/Ethnic and d/Deaf Identities in College
Authors: Stapleton Lissa
Published: October 2015

Approximately 30% of d/Deaf students are successfully completing college; the reasons for such a low graduation rate is unknown (Destler & Buckly, 2011). Most research on d/Deaf college students lack racial/ethnic diversity within the study; thus, it is unclear how d/Deaf Students of Color are faring in higher education or what experiences they are having. It is no longer appropriate or socially just to conduct research that does not intentionally seek out the voices of d/Deaf Students of Color. Using a fundamental descriptive qualitative methodology, this paper sheds light on a population of students, d/Deaf Women of Color, who are often invisible within the mainstream higher education literature and expands our understand of the types of experiences they are having related to their racial/ethnic and d/Deaf identity while attending college.
Understanding the Role of Openness to Experience in Study Abroad Students
Authors: Martin Daniela , Katz-Buonincontro Jennifer , Livert David
Published: October 2015

In this article, the authors report on a study of 59 undergraduate students who completed a survey assessing aspects of openness to experience, race and cultural understanding, and critical thinking before and after they studied abroad for 3 months. Results showed an increase in students’ knowledge of and ability to comprehend new cultures, particularly among those who initially indicated a low openness to experience. However, there was a decrease in critical thinking skills in students who reported high levels of openness, a finding that was contrary to our prediction and recent research. Possible explanations are discussed regarding the seeming lack of study abroad benefits among students who reported high levels of openness to experience.
Berlin, Herder, and the Counter-Enlightenment
Authors: Piirimäe Eva
Published: October 2015

This short essay discusses the usefulness and contemporary relevance of the notion of the Counter-Enlightenment, taking as its starting point Isaiah Berlin’s broader politico-intellectual concerns and interests in popularizing this term (the foundations of liberalism, moral relativism/pluralism, the origins and varieties of nationalism). It argues that all these issues are still relevant today, but that we are better off exploring them without this highly problematic category. Not only does it posit an illegitimate divide between French and German moral and political thought in the eighteenth century, but it also proves deeply misleading about the ideas of individual authors such as Johann Gottfried Herder.
Tilting at Counter-Enlightenment Windmills
Authors: Garrard Graeme
Published: October 2015

This essay is a direct response to Jeremy Caradonna’s article in which he attacks the concept of “Counter-Enlightenment.” I argue that most of his criticisms of the idea misfire, either because they don’t hit the target or they hit the wrong target. While the concept of a “Counter-Enlightenment” is not perfect (no concepts are), Caradonna’s criticism are mostly based on his misunderstanding and/or misrepresentation of it. For the most part, I contend, his Counter-Enlightenment is a straw man.
Sinners and “Standers By:” Reading the Characters of Calvinism in The Pilgrim’s Progress
Authors: Diamond David M.
Published: October 2015

This essay shows how Bunyan’s adherence to Calvinist theology and Congregational ecclesiology shapes his method of characterization in The Pilgrim’s Progress . Bunyan reorients the celebrated Puritan introspective gaze toward the social world and emphasizes the intellectual agency of “standers by,” members of the gathered church tasked with reading the spiritual condition of other professed believers. Attending to the perspectival shift—from self to other—demanded by Bunyan’s ecclesiology clarifies the Calvinist inheritance of the novel: a model of literary character in which surfaces rather than interiors are the source of complexity.
ИСЛАМ И НАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ НА СЕВЕРНОМ КАВКАЗЕ
Authors: Авксентьев Виктор , Бабкин Игорь
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
The article by Viktor Avksent’ev and Igor’ Babkin is an in-depth research into the history and recent developments of religious forms of mobilization in the North Caucasian region. The article follows the emergence and advance of religious orders, in particular among Chechens and Daghestani’s thus providing rich empirical material for the understanding of the challenges faced by Russian imperial policies in the region. The author challenges many recent prejudices and old theoretical postulates about the dynamics of North Caucasian national(ist) movements. The contemporary situation and its implications in the social, economic and political spheres is also described with the precision and knowledge of the scholar from the region.
ПУТЕШЕСТВИЕ ЕКАТЕРИНЫ Ii ПО ВОЛГЕ В 1767 ГОДУ: УЗНАВАНИЕ ИМПЕРИИ
Authors: Ибнеева Гузель
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Guzel’ Ibneeva’s article, based upon original research and broad range of secondary sources, explores the influence of Catherine II travels into the Middle Volga region upon her imperial policies. Claiming that Catherine was far from being a Western traveler eager to project his/her own visions of “civilization” or “barbarism”, Ibneeva argues that Catherine’s attentive study of her different subject nations brought to life more tolerant legislation in religious sphere (which, in terms of 18 th century Russian empire also meant ethnic sphere). The reader will find numerous references to Catherine’s own writings, as well as memoirs, correspondence, archival resources in the article and will have a chance to judge to what extent “the mapping of empire” occurred due to these remarkable journeys.
Assimilationism in Relation to Ethnic Hatred Among Russian Nationalists
Authors: Rancour-Laferriere Daniel
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
В статье “Ассимиляционизм и этническая исключительность во взглядах русских националистов” профессор университета Калифорнии (в Дэйвисе) Ранкур-Лафериер предлагает свою интерпретацию взглядов русских националистов на существо русскости в отношении к нерусским элементам в истории России. Проводя различие между расизмом и национализмом на теоретическом уровне, автор считает, что концепция русской нации во взглядах русских националистов не была построена на основании этнической исключительности в силу разнородного этнического состава Российской исторической общности, равно как и потому, что многие русские националисты имели различные этнические корни.

Охватывая исторический период от до-Петровской Московии до постcоветской России, автор утверждает, что категория “русский” имела различные значения, также как и практика ассимиляции была неоднородна в степени и методе. Автор настаивает, что ассимиляционный процесс был результатом не только насильственной политики обрусения, но и других мотивационных механизмов, включая социально-экономическую и культурную заинтересованность подвергающихся ассимиляции.

Обращаясь к анализу современного русского национализма (представленного фигурами A. Баркашова, В. Жириновского, Э. Лимонова), Ранкур-Лафериер указывает на появление в нем расисткой составляющей, однако отмечает, что в силу исторических судеб русского национализма, расизм остается маргинальным в русском националистическом проекте.
Keeping the Faith: The Orthodox Church and Reintegration in Contemporary Eurasia
Authors: Gvosdev Nikolas
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Статья профессора Николаса Гвоздева посвящена православной церкви как наднациональному интегрирующему институту. Краткий исторический экскурс в начале статьи призван проиллюстрировать, к какому именно опыту и к какой идее апеллируют современные отцы церкви, пытаясь предотвратить фрагментацию православной церкви вдоль новых политических и национальных границ. В статье анализируется политическая активность современной русской православной церкви как “объединителя православных наций” на территории бывшего СССР, в которой политическая элита новообразованных государств видит стремление подчинить эти государства контролю Москвы. С точки зрения автора статьи, подобная политика нынешних лидеров русской православной церкви имеет смысл лишь в том случае, если они считают политическую “раздробленность” явлением временным и верят в неизбежность реинтеграции.

Параллельно автор рассматривает дискурсивный аспект политики русской православной церкви. Помимо интерпретации ее исторического прошлого, он обращается к языку лидеров церкви, подчеркивая, что наиболее часто употребляемым словом в их лексиконе становится слово “Русь”. Анализ семантики этого и других ключевых понятий из официального языка представителей Московского патриархата позволил автору сделать вывод о том, что они разделяют представление о единой “всероссийской” нации, объединенной вероисповедным признаком. Учитывая, что определение “всероссийская” употребляется здесь как синоним “славянской”, автор ставит вопрос о статусе православных неславянских народов, населяющих постсоветскую территорию.

В статье интерпретируется “анти-вестернизм” современной русской православной церкви, текущая языковая политика (приверженность старославянскому как литургическому языку) и стремление к поддержанию прежней иерархии снизу-вверх, из национальных регионов (государств) – к Москве.

Автор делает вывод, что в определенном смысле русская православная церковь остается последним советским институтом. Ее будущее именно в этом качестве зависит от того, насколько верной окажется политическая ставка на реинтеграцию бывших советских республик.
АВАНТЮРИСТ, ЧИНОВНИК, ПОДВИЖНИК: К ВОПРОСУ О ФОРМИРОВАНИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО САМОСОЗНАНИЯ НА САХАЛИНЕ
Authors: Ульянникова Юлия
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
The island of Sakhalin is one of the latest acquisitions of the Russian Empire and one of the remotest ones as well. Uliannikova’s essay explores the issue of regional identity in Sakhalin through the last century, focusing upon the status of the island as the site of forced labor and the extreme feelings of isolation felt by the islanders. The cult of Anton Chekhov, who visited the island and left a vivid description of its customs, serves, according to the author, as the link that connects the island with the outer world.
ИНТЕГРИРУЮЩАЯ И ДЕЗИНТЕГРИРУЮЩАЯ РОЛЬ РЕЛИГИИ И ЭТНОНАЦИОНАЛЬНЫЕ ПРОЦЕССЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ РОССИИ
Authors: Казьмина Ольга
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
In this article, Olga Kazmina researches the role of religious factors on ethnic situation in the Russian Federation. Exploring different ethnic groups in Russia, Kazmina argues that religion indeed plays an important role in modern Russia’s ethnopolitics. However, this role is different in each particular group. Monoreligious groups tend to emphasize the religious factor in their group formation, whereas multireligious groups seek other means of consolidation and group maintenance. Kazmina also argues that the recent and controversial law on the freedom of religion passed by the State Duma has hardly been a decisive factor in the complex of religious and ethnic problems of Russia. Rather than federal, local laws are much more important in determining the situation with religious and ethnic groups on the ground. Proposing no single formula for the study of ethnos and religion, the author argues for attentive and elaborate research into every particular ethnic or religious group.
ТРАДИЦИИ МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ И РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЙ КОНФЛИКТ В НЕМЕЦКО-РУССКИХ ОТНОШЕНИЯХ ПОСЛЕ 1871 ГОДА
Authors: Шульце-Вессель Мартин
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Relationship between international relations and religion still awaits proper historical investigation among other themes of modern history.

Martin Schulze Wessel has taken the hypothesis of interconnection between the two in his analysis of Chancellor Bismarck’s “Kulturkampf”, which ensued after the formation of the German Reich. Traditionally, historians viewed “Kulturkampf” as a result of internal situation in a new state. In his article Schulze-Wessel suggests that the policy of Kulturkampf should be approached in terms of its continuity with the policy of Prussia (Germany) toward Russia and Poland. The author focuses his study on the period between the end of the seventeenth century and the last quarter of the nineteenth century in which complex relations between the states of Germany, Poland and Russia developed. The article examines the annexation of Polish territory by Prussia and the Russian empire, the bilateral relations between Prussia and Russia, and the ethno-confessional conflict that was underpinned by the political and cultural processes on the territory of borderland.
РАЗМЫШЛЕНИЯ О РУССКОМ МОЛЧАНИИ: НОВЫЙ ВЗГЛЯД НА СТАРУЮ ДИСКУССИЮ
Authors: Келли Айлин
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Suspicion of Western panaceas has a long history in Russia: these current protesters are continuing a polemic which began in 1855, when Tsar Alexander II signaled his intention to transform Russia from a primitive despotism into some kind of modern state. The great émigré radical thinker Alexander Herzen was soon at loggerheads with the theorists of the emerging Russian liberal movement. Then, as now, the issue was one of transition, in which the questions “Whither Russia?” and “Whither history?” were closely intertwined. Aileen Kelly believes that this early debate is well worth revisiting, both because of its relevance to the current crisis in Russia and because of Herzen’s remarkably prescient insights into the self-deceptions of ideological thought.

Kelly argues that by 1859 Herzen had come to accept the futility of seeking to engage in dialogue with those who believed that Russia’s path of progress had been mapped out in advance, and he declared open war on the Westernizers’ doctrinairism, asserting in his press that the main threat to the commune’s future existence came not from the government but from liberals well versed in political economy and legal theory, and devoted to the principles of Prussian bureaucracy and French centralism. Herzen finally conceded that the dogma-bound Hegelian liberals (the “Russian Germans”, as he called them) were immune to all persuasion; but he continued his efforts with a more subtle and sympathetic opponent: the writer Ivan Turgenev.

The article shows Herzen waging war on two fronts: against the liberals’ denigration of popular aspirations, and against the radicals’ belief that these aspirations coincided with their own exalted ideals. He tells the left that the truth, so far as can be ascertained, is more prosaic – the people want bread and land; and he tells Turgenev that he perfectly understands his horror of the knee-deep mud, droughts, floods and hard labours that face those with faith in Russia’s separate path – a path only dimly glimpsed through a thick fog which may never be dispelled. He holds out no hope that peasant socialism, even if developed with the help of Western science and social theory, will embrace all the civilized values that they both hold dear; its justification is that it is more likely to correspond to the aspirations of the vast mass of the population than an imported system imposed by an elite.

Kelly concludes that our culture still has a deep-seated allegiance to the comforting idea of a single order underlying the diversity of life. The myths and prejudices that nurtured this belief survive in the metaphors commonly used to represent development in nature, history and culture, as movement through time from simple to complex, less to more, primitive to advanced. It is precisely to this phenomenon that Herzen refers in his deconstruction of the discourse of Russian liberalism, and the same ideological bias can be seen in assessments of his own thought by 20 th century Western liberal scholars.
ЕЩЕ О “ЧЕЛОВЕКЕ МНОГИХ МИРОВ”: ПЕТР МОГИЛА – ТРАДИЦИОНАЛИСТ, РЕФОРМАТОР, ОППОРТУНИСТ
Authors: Шарипова Людмила
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Peter Mohyla (c. 1596–1647) was the first legally appointed Metropolitan of Kiev, head of the Russian Orthodox Church in the Polish-Lithuanian State, restored in its rights in 1633, after a long period of pseudo-clandestine existence since the 1596 Union of Brest. In the 1630s and 1640s Peter Mohyla embarked on a series of ecclesiastical and educational reforms aimed at the revival of Russian Church, then in a state of crisis: its hierarchy corrupt, its priests ill-educated, its flock frustrated. His system of reforms was all-embracing and, in the long run, intended to change both the outlook and the image of the Russian Orthodox Church stagnating in its self-imposed isolation from European Christian culture, by cross-fertilization of Orthodox heritage with the achievements of Western civilization. In response to that urgent need, Mohyla created a system of education along Western lines, aimed at putting the Orthodox on a par with the post-Reformation Catholicism; he established printing presses and libraries of printed books, revised Orthodox liturgy and ritual, laid foundations of the system of Russian Orthodox theology, and made decisive steps towards the creation of Orthodox intellectual clerical elite. Mohyla’s westernizing influence was manifest in Russian culture until the latter part of the nineteenth century.

Much has been written about Peter Mohyla. However, the first half of his life, the most important period when his character had been formed under the impact of the family traditions, education and possibly – travel, still largely remains in the dark. The article gives an outline of Peter Mohyla’s life, paying special attention to the previously unknown, overlooked or misinterpreted details related to his early life. Some of these details are derived from such somewhat untraditional historical sources as ownership or presentation inscriptions and other provenance evidence in books from Mohyla’s private library or those he donated to monasteries and churches in Galicia and the Kievan region. In addition, attempt is made to ‘revisit’ the question of Mohyla’s intellectual sources through the analysis of the surviving volumes from his library and two lists of books he purchased in 1632 and 1633 in Poland.
Edges of Empire: Representations of Borderland Identities in Early Soviet Cinema
Authors: Sarkisova Oksana
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
Статья посвящена образу “национальной окраины” в советском кино 1920-х – 30-х годов. Представление пограничных территорий важно по двум причинам: с одной стороны, граница является необходимым, наиболее существенным элементом конструирования идентификации. С другой, существуя как некое промежуточное пространство, приграничная территория представляет собой “буфер”, где “встречаются” пограничные элементы. Анализируя различные трактовки пограничных территорий-окраин в советском кино, Оксана Саркисова предлагает пространственную и временную таксономию, сравнивая модели раннесоветского кино с трактовкой “центра – периферии” в современном российском кино. Формально-географическое деление на “европейские”, “кавказские” и “азиатские” окраины является для автора выражением концептуальных разночтений в восприятии прогресса, отношений с центром и этнических стереотипов. На фоне анализа изменений в кинорепрезентации окраин в 1920-х – 30-х годах, в статье рассматривается процесс постепенного закрытия границы, укрепления иерархии “центр – периферия”, формирования представлений о качественной разнице между “нами” и “другими”. Констатируя, что отдаленность, несамодостаточность и отсталость являются “стандартными” характеристиками окраин, автор обращает особое внимание на предложенные кинематографом возможные модели сосуществования. Отталкиваясь от попыток создания микроуниверсума в котором бы плодотворно использовались все существующие различия, в 1930-е годы советский кинематограф пришел к модели гомогенизированного пространства, где окраинное самосознание было представлено посредством легко узнаваемых стереотипов. Параллели с рядом современных российских фильмов призваны продемонстрировать живучесть последней модели.
ТАТАРЫ МУСУЛЬМАНЕ И РУССКИЕ В МЕЩАНСКИХ ОБЩИНАХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ В КОНЦЕ XIX – НАЧАЛЕ XX ВЕКА
Authors: Каплуновский Александр
Published: October 2015

SUMMARY:
The article places the mechanisms and forms of implementation of imperial policies aimed at unification of the estate structure of the Russian Empire during the second half of the 19 th century into the context of social integration of the Russians and non-Russian populations. The meshchane communities of the Kazan’ gubernia cities serve as the focus of Alexander Kaplunovskii’s research and provide empirical material to elaborate upon.