bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Janus Separator Regulating Zinc Deposition Behavior Synergistically by Cellulose and ZrO2 Nanoparticles Toward High‐Performance Aqueous Zinc‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Zheng Shuyang , Yang Xukang , Chen Diancheng , Huang Shichuang , Zheng Chengtao , Zhong Huohong , Zhang Weicai , Xiang Xinyi , Zhang Nan , Sun Yang , Liu Lifeng
Published: December 2024

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (AZIBs) stand out among many energy storage systems due to their many merits, and it's expected to become an alternative to the prevailing alkali metal ion batteries. Nevertheless, the cumbersome manufacturing process and the high cost of conventional separators make them unfavorable for large‐scale applications. Herein, inspired by the unique nature of cellulose and ZrO2, a Janus cellulose fiber (CF)/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/ZrO2 separator is prepared via the vacuum filtration method. The interwoven cellulose fibers offer robust mechanical strength, which prevents dendrites from penetrating through the separator, while ZrO2 nanoparticles with Maxwell‐Wagner effect regulate electric field and effectively promote uniform nucleation. Density functional theory (DFT) reveal CF/PVA/ZrO2 separator's ability to manipulate Zn2+ deposition orientation to Zn (002), resulting in a dendrite‐free, compact, and flat anode. Consequently, the obtained Zn||Zn symmetric cell exhibits superior electrochemical performance, able to operate at 1 mA cm−2 for more than 1500 h and 6 mA cm−2 for 400 h. In addition, CF/PVA/ZrO2 separator outperforms the commercially available glass fiber (GF) separator and CF separator when assembled into full cells using either polyaniline (PANI)@carbon nanotube (CNT) or MnO2@CNT as cathode material. This work serves as a reference for the subsequent research in high performance AZIBs.
Substrate‐Mediated Growth of Au Nanowires Under Weak CTAB Control and Rapid Au Deposition
Authors: Liu Xiaobin , Zhang Haotong , Wu Zhouling , Sun Yiwen , Wang Yawen , Chen Hongyu , Liu Xueyang
Published: December 2024

The selective Au deposition at the Au‐substrate interface is known to give ultrathin Au nanowires and the synthesis usually employs strong thiol‐based ligands. It is shown that, by increasing the rate of Au deposition, weak cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) can be made to behave like a strong ligand, so that it induces Active Surface Growth and gives Au nanowires. The ligand strength also depends on the packing interactions in the ligand layer, in the order of C14TAB, C16TAB, and C18TAB. The substrate‐mediated growth under weak CTAB control is different in many ways from the previous studies, in terms of the huge imbalance in the inter‐particle competition among the active sites, and the formation of nanosheets/nanobelts in defiance of Rayleigh instability of the active sites. With a small amount of chiral thiol‐based ligand (glutathione), the strengthened control by mixed ligands gives orderly bifurcated nanowires, with a clear‐cut transition from the initial nanosheets/nanobelts.
Monetarism and Monetary Policy
Authors: Hetzel Robert L.
Published: December 2024

Starting in the 1960s, Milton Friedman defined the monetarist‐Keynesian debate. His greatest victory occurred by the end of the 1970s when he argued that the Federal Reserve System, not corporations and unions with market power, was responsible for inflation. However, monetarism retreated in the early 1980s when high rates of growth of money failed to predict inflation. This paper re‐exposits the quantity theory of money and monetarism in an attempt to again make relevant Friedman's arguments for a rules‐based monetary policy and for an understanding of how in actual practice central banks control inflation assuming inflation is a monetary phenomenon.
The Multidimensional Aspect of Technology Orders
Authors: Peixoto Robson Teles , de Leite Breno Ricardo Araújo , de Melo Francisco Cristovão Lourenço
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the factors that influence the low usage of technology orders in Brazil. A systematic literature review was conducted to analyse the theoretical aspects and findings from case studies related to the challenges of implementing this process. The information obtained at this stage enabled a comparison to be made between the potential of technology orders and the opportunities for improvement observed in the national innovation system. The study helped to develop an understanding of the multidimensional nature of technology orders, which connects achieving results with the necessity of implementing appropriate methods and approaches.
Exploiting historical agronomic data to develop genomic prediction strategies for early clonal selection in the Louisiana sugarcane variety development program
Authors: Shahi Dipendra , Todd James , Gravois Kenneth , Hale Anna , Blanchard Brayden , Kimbeng Collins , Pontif Michael , Baisakh Niranjan
Published: December 2024

Genomic selection can enhance the rate of genetic gain of cane and sucrose yield in sugarcane (Saccharum L.), an important industrial crop worldwide. We assessed the predictive ability (PA) for six traits, such as theoretical recoverable sugar (TRS), number of stalks (NS), stalk weight (SW), cane yield (CY), sugar yield (SY), and fiber content (Fiber) using 20,451 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) with 22 statistical models based on the genomic estimated breeding values of 567 genotypes within and across five stages of the Louisiana sugarcane breeding program. TRS and SW with high heritability showed higher PA compared to other traits, while NS had the lowest. Machine learning (ML) methods, such as random forest and support vector machine (SVM), outperformed others in predicting traits with low heritability. ML methods predicted TRS and SY with the highest accuracy in cross‐stage predictions, while Bayesian models predicted NS and CY with the highest accuracy. Extended genomic best linear unbiased prediction models accounting for dominance and epistasis effects showed a slight improvement in PA for a few traits. When both NS and TRS, which can be available as early as stage 2, were considered in a multi‐trait selection model, the PA for SY in stage 5 could increase up to 0.66 compared to 0.30 with a single‐trait model. Marker density assessment suggested 9091 SNPs were sufficient for optimal PA of all traits. The study demonstrated the potential of using historical data to devise genomic prediction strategies for clonal selection early in sugarcane breeding programs.
Nipah Outbreak Investigation in Bangladesh, 2007: A Case Study of One Health Partnership and Intersectoral Coordination
Authors: Rahman Mahmudur , Rimi Nadia Ali , Sultana Rebeca , Homaira Nusrat , Epstein Jonathan H. , Luby Stephen P.
Published: December 2024

One Health is increasingly recognized for its value in addressing emerging infectious disease threats. In Bangladesh, the integration of One Health approaches into outbreak investigation and response can be traced back to the advent of outbreaks of Nipah and avian influenza viruses. Through accounts from epidemiological, anthropological, ecological, and animal health investigations, this chapter narrates a case study of partnership among the government, development partners, and research organizations in Nipah virus outbreak management. It depicts how persuadable, collaborative and problem-solving leadership, cooperative approaches, common goals and mutual support could result in strong partnerships among different individuals and organizations towards building a One Health platform to achieve common goals.
Addressing Sexual and HIV-Related Stigma in Haiti: Need for Societal Engagement
Authors: Dunbar Willy , Coppieters Yves
Published: December 2024

As the world has entered the fourth decade of the AIDS epidemic, Men who have sex with men (MSM) continue to be disproportionately affected by HIV and victims of stigma, prejudice, and discrimination in the Caribbean and Haiti. Using a mixed-methods realist design, we have engaged with MSM communities, healthcare providers, policymakers, and members of civil society to analyze the impact of stigma on the linkages across the continuum of HIV services through engagement, linkage, and retention. Findings showed that from the social construction of heteronormativity to Christian religious and political influences, several factors lie behind sexual and HIV-related stigma, resulting in loss to follow-up and failure to realize the health benefits of proper treatment fully. However, societal engagement and partnerships, multi-level and contextual-based interventions can produce stigma mitigation through personal, health systems’ and contextual mechanisms for better engagement, adherence, and retention in healthcare.
An Autobiographical Perspective on Community-Based Participatory Research, an Approach for More Inclusive Research in Nicaragua
Authors: Suazo Laguna Harold Agusto
Published: December 2024

In this chapter, I share my perspective on the role that we, researchers, play when developing a community-centered research project. Through my autobiographical narrative, I share experiences and lessons learned over two decades as a social scientist, facilitating and implementing diverse methodologies that have been oriented towards the development of the organizational skills of communities and their role as protagonists in identifying solutions for their own health problems.
Ethical Challenges in Global Health Research
Authors: Waechter Randall , Coomansingh Kareem , Macpherson Cheryl , Sarma Sameera
Published: December 2024

Understanding global health ethics requires insight into factors that influence inequalities in global health such as economic disparities, extreme poverty, limits on human rights, political oppression, and unequal distribution of research funding. We review some ethical issues related to global health, focusing on global infectious disease research. Significant ethical concerns include inequities and disparities in national and institutional capacity to conduct global health research on infectious diseases because these can influence the extent to which low-resource countries benefit from the research. Research funding for global health or infectious disease often comes from the governments and institutions of developed countries. It is allocated based on their institutional priorities, which may not align with those of the developing country. When they do align, developing countries may lack the necessary research, manufacturing, and logistical capacity to discover, produce, and distribute medicines and/or vaccines for infectious diseases within their countries. Research ethics guidelines evolve iteratively to help global health practitioners and researchers navigate concerns involving global health and infectious disease. There is an ongoing need for legal and regulatory frameworks, support for research capacity building—including ethics capacity, and systems to audit the impacts of capacity-building programs. While partnerships are essential to carrying out global health research, inequities between high- and low-resource countries drive ethical challenges in global health and infectious disease work. Recognizing and mitigating these inequities is a core challenge in global health research ethics supported by wider efforts toward decolonization.
Educational Perspectives from the Field: Pathways to the Future
Authors: Rochford Rosemary , Nalwoga Angela , Daud Ibrahim , Samayoa-Reyes Gabriela
Published: December 2024

The late René Dubos, a microbiologist and an ecological philosopher, famously coined the phrase, “Think global, act local.” This phrase presents a framework for how we might envision a new direction in education on pathogens across the globe. Infectious diseases can be considered at a global scale, as demonstrated by the recent COVID-19 pandemic, and also at the community scale, as is the case for endemic liver fluke disease in Southeast Asia. While the 30,000 foot view can help us to understand some aspects of a given pathogen and disease, it is critical that we shift our framework, such that local factors affecting disease burden are considered and relevant education is provided to the affected communities. Traditional training in microbiology has focused on knowing the pathogen. To again quote Dubos, “the etiology of disease cannot be entirely explained by the etiology of infection.” If we accept this thesis, then future training in infectious diseases must also encompass knowledge of the environmental and social determinants of health. In this chapter, we will provide a brief historical framework regarding education and research in the field of Tropical Medicine. We will then offer perspectives from the field for contextualizing the current state of training. Finally, we will conclude with ideas on how to create more holistic educational pathways that build interdisciplinary teams able to tackle both infectious disease research and improved wellbeing of affected communities.
Learning from the Past to Inform the Future: Perspectives on Future Directions in International Health and Research
Authors: Ocasio Denisse Vega , Bouagnon Aude , Hargrave Anita
Published: December 2024

The field of global health has increasingly captured international attention in recent years. The spread of infectious diseases across international borders has sparked significant public attention as well as interest among healthcare workers, researchers, and educators. While the field provides a wide range of exciting opportunities, its historical roots in colonialism and saviorism remain in our current approaches to training and implementation. This chapter presents an overview of the challenges faced in global health training from the perspective of current and recently graduated trainees. Key issues include the gender disparity in leadership positions and insufficient efforts to improve the diversity, inclusion, and retention of minoritized trainees. We also address the growing calls to decolonize global health training and curriculum, examine the role that medicine plays in perpetuating these practices, and discuss how training costs hinder people from low- to middle-income countries and diverse socio-cultural backgrounds from advancing in the field of global health. We highlight our collective experiences in global health research and clinical training to emphasize the need for a new vision and approach to training future global health leaders. Furthermore, we aim to offer constructive criticism of the existing institutional system frameworks, and most importantly, we aim to align ourselves with the voices of those who have fiercely advocated for a more inclusive field.
Partnership-Based Approach to Infectious Disease Research in Papua New Guinea
Authors: Dori Annie , Farquhar Rachael , Kelebi Trevor , Waipeli Enoch , Kerry Zebedee , Ruybal-Pesántez Shazia , Timbi Diana , McEwen Samuel , Makita Leo , Laman Moses , Robinson Leanne
Published: December 2024

Infectious disease research requires expertise from multiple diverse backgrounds. In Papua New Guinea (PNG), relationships are an integral part of the culture, both historically and today, and play a critical role in conducting infectious disease research activities across the country. Research efforts on vector-borne diseases (VBDs), such as malaria and dengue, run parallel to rigorous implementation research to reduce the burden of other neglected tropical diseases and combat growing anti-microbial resistance in the country. This chapter will highlight the history of collaborative research in Papua New Guinea and specifically, how the partnership-based approach to implementation research has been adopted to conduct infectious disease research at different levels of the health system. In PNG, genuine trust-based relationships have been established over time by incorporating a set of guiding principles into daily practice and focusing on principles such as authenticity, courage, equality, equity, mutual benefit, and transparency throughout the research cycle. This chapter showcases key learnings across multiple and interconnected levels of the health system. It also sheds light on nuanced approaches to partnerships which harness local knowledge and empower champions to enable meaningful research and systemic change.
Experimental Research on Rain-Induced Landslide Mechanism Using Large-Scale Rainfall Experimental Facility: Findings and Challenges
Authors: Sakai Naoki , Ishizawa Tomohiro , Danjo Toru
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the novel large-scale rainfall experimental facility, a pioneering development by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED). It delves into the intricacies of various large-scale slope failure experiments at this facility. These model experiments are unique in their approach, involving the attachment of multiple measuring instruments to a simple slope model. The standout feature of these experiments is the use of large-scale models, which facilitate easy handling of slope shaping, sensor placement, and application of realistic rainfalls, all tailored to the study’s objectives.

The facility’s unparalleled ability to control all experimental parameters is a crucial advantage, enabling the realization of more realistic natural rainfall conditions and external forces. This unique feature makes the experiments invaluable, setting our research apart. However, establishing diverse simulation methods is essential to exploit this advantage fully. The methods will allow us to explore a broader range of scenarios and further benefit from these experiments. While this study primarily discusses slope failure during rainfall, simulating post-collapse flow and transformation into debris flow is also necessary.

The experiments’ findings shed light on the intimate relationship between groundwater levels and deformation, offering valuable insights into the collapse mechanism and its prediction. They also pinpoint the crucial points in preparing slope models, underscoring the practical implications of the research in controlling and mitigating slope failures.
Intentional Misfire: From Parasitic Illocution to Viral Perlocutions
Authors: Mills Philip
Published: December 2024

The revaluation of the parasite operated in Chap. 2 reveals its inventive and creative dimension as a generator of significance. I pursue this revaluation in this chapter by moving from the parasite to the virus metaphor. This shift might seem minimal if we understand viruses as kinds of parasites, as Michel Serres suggests: ‘In the common vicinity of what is called inert and what is called living, a virus reproduces in a parasitic fashion’ (Serres 2007, 188). However, there are some differences in the connotations of these words, and I will highlight two. First, a virus needs to operate from within its host and needs healthy cells to contaminate and replicate. A virus therefore has an internal action, whereas the parasite can also work externally. Not all parasites have an external action, but the very mode of replication of viruses points towards a more internal action (pervasive rather than invasive). Considering poetic utterances as parasitical suggests that they lie somewhere outside of language and feed onto it while considering them as viral shows that they operate from within. Relocating the poetic within Austin’s framework through perlocution grants it the power to virally affect the performative.
Wittgenstein’s Performative Poetics and Contemporary French Poetry: Henri Meschonnic, Emmanuel Hocquard, Christophe Hanna, Florent Coste
Authors: Mills Philip
Published: December 2024

The first part of this book has shown the potential and the limits of Austin’s speech-act theory to approach poetic uses of language. We have seen in Chap. 3 that perlocution is the best candidate to understand the poetic effects of language, but it remains difficult to conceptualise without falling back into what Wittgenstein calls a ‘craving for generality’. Indeed, poetic effects of language seem hard to distinguish from the rather vague effects of language in general. How can we specify the effects—the performativity—of poetic utterances? To answer this question, we need to take a step back from the utterances themselves to the broader situation in which they are uttered. In other words, we need to move from Austin’s speech-acts to Wittgenstein’s language-games. In contrast to Austin’s speech-act qua utterance, a language-game consists in an activity that might combine various kinds of speech-acts. In this chapter, I argue that contemporary French readings of Wittgenstein bring to the fore the performative dimension of poetic language-games and help specify the effects of poetry.
Einleitung
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

Die Einleitung gibt einen kurzen Einblick ins Forschungsinteresse und einen Überblick über den Aufbau der Dissertation und ihre Teile.
Der Einfluss von Strukturanalysen auf die Argumentation
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird die Strukturanalyse fachspezifischer Darstellungen betrachtet, eine Aktivität der Reflexion. Formeln und natürlich die zu beweisende Aussage selbst sind bedeutsam für das Beweisen - gerade in Geometrie aber sind auch Skizzen wichtige Elemente. Daher ist zu erwarten, dass dem Umgang mit fachspezifischen Darstellungen eine besondere Bedeutung zukommt.
Auswirkungen negativer Diskursivität auf Argumentationen
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

Dieses Kapitel behandelt die Auswirkungen negativer Diskursivität auf das Argumentieren und Beweisen. Negative Diskursivität zeigt an, wenn metakognitive Aktivitäten bzw. ihr Fehlen einen negativen Einfluss auf die Kohärenz der Argumentation haben. Es werden also u. a. Fehler in Inhalt und logischem Aufbau von Beweisen erfasst.
Metakognition
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird der Begriff der Metakognition erklärt und ausdifferenziert sowie der Metakognitionsbegriff dieser Arbeit festgelegt. Zudem wird ein Einblick in den Forschungsstand zu Metakognition gegeben sowohl zu Untersuchungen bei Schülerinnen und Schülern als auch zu Untersuchungen bei Lehramtsstudierenden und praktizierenden Lehrkräften, bevor Metakognition in Bezug auf das Argumentieren und Beweisen betrachtet wird.
„Verlorene“ Aussagen durch Aufschreiben des Beweises
Authors: Abels Nele
Published: December 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird der Prozess des Aufschreibens genauer betrachtet. Dieser ist die Verbindung zwischen dem Beweisprozess und dem Beweisprodukt und ausschlaggebend dafür, dass die im Prozess erarbeitete Argumentation sinnvoll in den schriftlichen Beweis umgesetzt wird. Dabei treten jedoch einige Schwierigkeiten auf, die näher beleuchtet werden.
Galileo as a Battering Ram Against the Fortress of Parisian Orthodox Medicine. Periodical Culture and Translation in Seventeenth Century France
Authors: Gipper Andreas , Stefanelli Diego
Published: December 2024

1681 veröffentlichte Alexandre Tinelis in Paris unter dem Titel Le messager céleste die erste volkssprachliche Übersetzung des Sidereus Nuntius von Galileo Galilei in Europa. Überraschenderweise erscheint sie nicht in einem astronomischen Publikationskontext, sondern als Teil der Nouvelles Découvertes sur toutes les parties de la medecine, der ersten (volkssprachlichen) medizinischen Zeitschrift Europas, die ab 1679 von Nicolas de Blégny (1652–1722) herausgegeben wurde. Der Text wird also radikal dekontextualisiert und rekontextualisiert und erfährt so eine weitreichende disziplinäre Ambiguisierung. Diese Ambiguisierung des Textes ist die Voraussetzung für seine konsequente Instrumentalisierung als Waffe gegen den Gebrauch der Astrologie durch die klassische Schulmedizin. Blégnys Zeitschrift und ihre Publikationsgeschichte sind exemplarisch für die Art und Weise, wie Übersetzungen aus den Neuen Wissenschaften als Mittel der Subversion nicht nur gegen verschiedene Formen des traditionellen Wissens, sondern auch ganz konkret gesellschaftspolitisch und ökonomisch gegen die Privilegien ihrer Träger und der sie schützenden Institutionen eingesetzt werden.
Triangulations of Reception: The Case of Spanish Translations of Epic in the 1550s
Authors: Armstrong Richard H.
Published: December 2024

Das Kapitel untersucht die dynamische Wechselwirkung zwischen sprachlicher Hegemonie und kultureller Beeinflussung am Beispiel der frühneuzeitlichen spanischen Literatur, insbesondere im Kontext italienischer Einflüsse.

Besonderes Augenmerk liegt auf der „doppelten Rezeption“ der klassischen Epik: Übersetzungen von Werken wie Ariosts Orlando Furioso, der Odyssee und der Aeneis sowie der neulateinischen Epen von Sannazaro und Vida greifen auf italienische Vorbilder wie die ottava rima zurück, um diese sowohl zu übernehmen als auch zu übertreffen. Diese ambivalente Haltung spiegelt sich in Paratexten und Vorworten wider, wo die Nutzung italienischer Metrik und Buchformate eine strategische Positionierung zwischen der eigenen kastilischen Tradition und den klassischen Epen verfolgt. Der Beitrag zeigt, wie durch diese Aneignung und Subversion italienischer Modelle der Anspruch Spaniens als kulturelle Führungsmacht im Rahmen der translatio imperii betont wird.
Effects of Hot Plumes and Slab Rheology on the Bending of the Philippine Sea Slab at Shallow Depths Beneath the Kyushu Region, Southwest Japan
Authors: Kozai Natsuki , Suenaga Nobuaki , Yoshioka Shoichi , Manea Vlad Constantin
Published: December 2024

The Philippine Sea (PHS) plate is currently subducting beneath the Kyushu region in southwestern Japan and exhibits a steep dip angle at depths of approximately 70–100 km. It has been suggested that the increase in the dip angle may be attributed to a hot plume, which was purportedly present in the northwestern part of Kyushu approximately 10–6 Ma, flowing southeastward toward southern Kyushu and causing steep shallow bending of the PHS plate. Using numerical simulations, this study quantitatively evaluates the impact of an upwelling hot plume from the northwestern part of Kyushu on the abrupt bending of the PHS plate at shallow depths. We use a time-dependent two-dimensional thermal convection model that incorporates the subduction history of the PHS plate along a vertical plane passing through a hot plume from northwestern Kyushu to the Nankai Trough. Numerical simulations were conducted to investigate the behavior of a slab when colliding with an upwelling hot plume, considering different values of slab viscosity. The results demonstrate that when a hot plume impacts a slab with a viscosity lower than that of a normal strong slab, the bending of the slab is reproduced at a depth of approximately 100 km, which is consistent with the observed PHS slab bending at depths of 70–100 km.
“… Here I Went Through Deportation – Which was also Torture for Me”: Air-Deportations and Liberal Violence in Great Britain
Authors: Bhatia Monish
Published: December 2024

This article contributes to understanding violence in deportation. Drawing on data from eight months of fieldwork conducted between 2015 and 2017 and interviews with asylum seekers and practitioners, the article shows how liberal violence, in its various forms, is integral to the contemporary air deportation process. The violence, as argued here, is not unusual, spectacular or resulting from procedural failures and lapses in individual officer judgement, but is integral to it. The conclusion calls for scholars to consider the very practice of deportation as violence and a crime against humanity, gather comprehensive evidence with an explicit aim of making deportations interrogatable by international criminal law, and hold the British state accountable and demand reparations.
Periodic arrangements of closely packed spheres
Authors: Jaskolski Mariusz , Naskręcki Bartosz , Dauter Zbigniew
Published: December 2024

The symmetry aspects of close packing of hexagonal layers of equal spheres are usually presented with reference to the two basic patterns: AB… (P63/mmc) and ABC… (Fm3m), of which the latter is the fundament of the Kepler conjecture, published in 1611, stating that no arrangement of equal spheres can achieve higher density. In fact, however, there are infinitely many arrangements of N > 1 layers that, when repeated periodically, will give the same closest packing density of spheres in 3D. One such possibility for N = 4 was discovered by Barlow in 1883, and other authors gave this issue particular attention. The present paper systematically analyzes the symmetry of periodic patterns of hexagonal layers with growing N. It also presents the colorful history of this subject and introduces an ingenious system to describe the symmetry of close stacking of hexagonal layers of spheres.
The Periglacial Landforms and Estimated Subsurface Ice Distribution in the Northern Mid‐Latitude of Mars
Authors: Sako Takaki , Hasegawa Hitoshi , Ruj Trishit , Komatsu Goro , Sekine Yasuhito
Published: December 2024

Subsurface ice in the mid‐latitude regions is a significant water inventory on present‐day Mars, and their volume and distribution are thought to have varied due to the orbitally induced paleoclimatic changes. Using high‐resolution satellite images, the present study explores the distributions of three presumed periglacial landforms (thermal contraction polygons, fractured mounds, and brain terrains) that could provide evidence for the present‐day subsurface ice distribution in the northern mid‐latitude (30°–42°N). We identified the three periglacial landforms concentrated within the regions of 0°–40°E, 60°–100°E, and 160°–210°E in the latitude of >33°N. Their distributions are in agreement with the occurrence of fresh ice‐exposing craters and the estimated area of high annual water ice budget obtained by the general circulation model, reflecting the present‐day subsurface ice distribution. We further classified the thermal contraction polygons into five types based on their morphology, and investigated various distribution patterns for each type. Among them, high‐centered polygons are the most abundant type in the survey area, whereas low‐centered polygons are less prominent and observed only at >38°N. The large‐sized mixture polygons, which were only found in certain areas of 57°–92°E, are distributed in areas where the atmospheric model indicates that the highest annual water ice budget occurred during the past high‐obliquity period, but that the water ice budget has decreased during the present‐day low‐obliquity condition. These findings, along with insights from possible terrestrial analogs in the Arctic Archipelago and northern Canada, suggest that regions where large‐sized mixture polygons formed contained significant amounts of water ice in the past, but have undergone intense degradation over time.
Large‐Scale Climate Patterns Modulate Intraseasonal Mesoscale Activities in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Zhang Zheen , Chen Xueen , Chi Lequan , Yuan Chunxin , Zhang Jie , Zhang Shuyan
Published: December 2024

By focusing on the intraseasonal mesoscale eddy kinetic energy, this study comprehensively distinguishes the influences of El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) on eddy activities in the Bay of Bengal. Altimetry records since 1993 show that intraseasonal mesoscale activities are enhanced in the middle (N) and southern bay approximately 6 months and 8 months after El Niño peaks, respectively, through the wave‐dominated approach. Meanwhile, influences from IOD manifest more rapidly and concentrate in the western bay, suggesting distinct mechanisms compared to those associated with ENSO. Further investigations reveal asymmetric effects linked to the phase of ENSO and IOD: positive ENSO events (El Niño) and negative IOD events are followed by enhanced intraseasonal mesoscale activities in the BoB, potentially triggered by the warmer background in the tropical Indian Ocean and the bay during these events, respectively. However, influences from the opposite phases are neglectable.
The Effect of Ground Ice Redistribution on the Martian Paleo‐CO2 ${\text{CO}}_{2}$ Cycle
Authors: David E. , Aharonson O. , Vos E. , Schörghofer N.
Published: December 2024

is the primary component of the martian atmosphere and its seasonal surface‐atmosphere exchange is responsible for many of the climate phenomena on the planet. Near‐surface ground water ice (’GI’) has been found to inhibit seasonal ice accumulations. Previous studies concerning the response of the cycle to orbital variations did not take into account the redistribution of GI arising from the same orbital variations. This work aims to analyze the effect of GI redistribution on the cycle in past climates. We use the LMD Planetary Climate Model to simulate the full cycle at different orbital configurations and compare simulations with reference modern GI as observed by the Mars Odyssey Neutron Spectrometer (“MONS GI” scenario) to simulations with equilibrium GI produced by the Mars Subsurface Ice Model (“Eq. GI” scenario). In the Eq. GI scenario, equilibrium GI underlies 0.8–0.9 of the seasonal caps area at high obliquity periods, whereas in the reference MONS GI scenario, the overlap between GI and the seasonal cap is reduced, reaching less than 0.3 by obliquity . The mass and duration of seasonal ice are significantly reduced relative to the reference scenario, especially in the mid‐latitudes, and the expected increase of seasonal pressure amplitude with obliquity is attenuated (by a factor of 2 at obliquity ). Interpolating the seasonal variations and mean annual pressure over the past 20,000 kyr, we highlight the influence of GI migration in attenuating both seasonal pressure variations and long‐term oscillations of the martian atmospheric pressure.
Environmental microbial reservoir influences the bacterial communities associated with Hydra oligactis
Authors: Bathia Jay , Miklós Máté , Gyulai István , Fraune Sebastian , Tökölyi Jácint
Published: December 2024

The objective to study the influence of microbiome on host fitness is frequently constrained by spatial and temporal variability of microbial communities. In particular, the environment serves as a dynamic reservoir of microbes that provides potential colonizers for animal microbiomes. In this study, we analyzed the microbiome of Hydra oligactis and corresponding water samples from 15 Hungarian lakes to reveal the contribution of environmental microbiota on host microbiome. Correlation analyses and neutral modeling revealed that differences in Hydra microbiota are associated with differences in environmental microbiota. To further investigate the influence of environmental bacterial community on the host microbiome, field-collected Hydra polyps from three populations were cultured in native water or foreign water. Our results show that lake water bacteria significantly contribute to Hydra microbial communities, but the compositional profile remained stable when cultured in different water sources. Longitudinal analysis of the in vitro experiment revealed a site-specific change in microbiome that correlated with the source water quality. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that while freshwater serves as a critical microbial reservoir, Hydra microbial communities exhibit remarkable resilience to environmental changes maintaining stability despite potential invasion. This dual approach highlights the complex interplay between environmental reservoirs and host microbiome integrity.
Unified description of thermal and nonthermal laser-induced ultrafast structural changes in materials
Authors: Bauerhenne Bernd , Garcia Martin E.
Published: December 2024

The ultrafast ionic dynamics in solids induced by intense femtosecond laser excitation are controlled by two fundamentally different yet interrelated phenomena. First, the substantial generation of hot electron-hole pairs by the laser pulse modifies the interatomic bonding strength and characteristics, inducing nonthermal ionic motion. Second, incoherent electron-ion collisions facilitate thermal equilibration between electrons and ions, achieving a uniform temperature on a picosecond timescale. This article presents a unified theoretical description that effectively integrates both processes. Our method is adaptable for use in both ab-initio simulations and extensive molecular dynamics simulations, extending the conventional two-temperature model to incorporate molecular dynamics equations of motion. To demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, we apply it to the laser excitation of silicon thin films. Our simulations closely match experimental observations, accurately reproducing the temporal evolution of the Bragg peaks.
Self-supervised denoising of grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography
Authors: Wirtensohn Sami , Schmid Clemens , Berthe Daniel , John Dominik , Heck Lisa , Taphorn Kirsten , Flenner Silja , Herzen Julia
Published: December 2024

In the last decade, grating-based phase-contrast computed tomography (gbPC-CT) has received growing interest. It provides additional information about the refractive index decrement in the sample. This signal shows an increased soft-tissue contrast. However, the resolution dependence of the signal poses a challenge: its contrast enhancement is overcompensated by the low resolution in low-dose applications such as clinical computed tomography. As a result, the implementation of gbPC-CT is currently tied to a higher dose. To reduce the dose, we introduce the self-supervised deep learning network Noise2Inverse into the field of gbPC-CT. We evaluate the behavior of the Noise2Inverse parameters on the phase-contrast results. Afterward, we compare its results with other denoising methods, namely the Statistical Iterative Reconstruction, Block Matching 3D, and Patchwise Phase Retrieval. In the example of Noise2Inverse, we show that deep learning networks can deliver superior denoising results with respect to the investigated image quality metrics. Their application allows to increase the resolution while maintaining the dose. At higher resolutions, gbPC-CT can naturally deliver higher contrast than conventional absorption-based CT. Therefore, the application of machine learning-based denoisers shifts the dose-normalized image quality in favor of gbPC-CT, bringing it one step closer to medical application.
Pyridine polymer tubular structures connected with polyoxometalates as bifunctional electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Wang Jihua , Li Hui , Gong Lige , Dong Limin , Gu Yunhao , Wang Meijia , Yang BingHe
Published: December 2024

Compound 2 has excellent bihydrolytic properties.
Optimization of photodegradation of crystal violet dye and biomedical applications of greenly synthesized NiO nanoparticles
Authors: Siddique Abu Bakar , Shaheen Muhammad Ashraf , Shafeeq Shakra , Abbas Azhar , Zaman Yasir , Ishaque Muhammad Zahid , Aslam Muhammad
Published: December 2024

C. macrocarpa fruit extract-based synthesis of NiO NPs for improved photocatalytic degradation of Crystal Violet dye, antibacterial efficacy, and antioxidant applications.
Enhancing chemical signal transformation in lateral flow assays using aptamer-architectured plasmonic nanozymes and para-phenylenediamine
Authors: Sarathkumar Elangovan , Jibin Kunnumpurathu , Sivaselvam Subramani , Sharma Arumugam Selva , Alexandar Vincent , Resmi A. N. , Velswamy Poornima , Jayasree Ramapurath S.
Published: December 2024

Enhancing chemical signals in lateral flow assays using aptamer-architectured plasmonic gold nanoparticles and para-phenylenediamine enables digital, quantitative detection of COVID-19 spike protein with improved sensitivity and specificity.
A machine learned potential for investigating single crystal to single crystal transformations in complex organic molecular systems
Authors: Zhao Chengxi , Liu Honglai , Qu Da-Hui , Cooper Andrew I. , Chen Linjiang
Published: December 2024

Using machine learning force fields to observe the details of the experimental SCSC transition process.
BODIPY and N-halamine-decorated covalent organic framework with synergistic antibacterial capabilities for sunlight-powered water sterilization
Authors: Liu Shuai , Yao Lin-Li , Wang Xin-Ru , Zhao Guo-Yan , Li Fei , Yao Bing-Jian , Dong Yu-Bin
Published: December 2024

A BODIPY and N-halamine-decorated covalent organic framework is constructed for natural sunlight-powered, scalable and efficient disinfection of E. coli-contaminated water.
The Au nanoparticle-induced localized surface plasmon resonance effect and synergistic catalytic sites in Au/Co3O4/Si pyramid arrays for photoelectrochemical hydrogen evolution
Authors: Wang Yu , Yan Chenyu , Wang Honggui , Zhang Ya
Published: December 2024

A Si/Co3O4/Au photocathode was obtained on pyramidal Si, which exhibited high and stable photoelectrocatalytic performance for hydrogen production. This work presents a promising approach for the rational design of effective Si-based photocathodes.
Enhanced energy storage performances under low electric fields in (1 − x) Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3–xSr0.7Bi0.2(Al0.5Ta0.5)O3 relaxor ferroelectric ceramics: impact of Sr0.7Bi0.2(Al0.5Ta0.5)O3 on structure and electrical properties
Authors: Hu Jiangnan , Jiang Xiangping , Chen Chao , Tu Na , Nie Xin , Zhao Chong , Wei Dandan , Zheng Canxu , Gu Jialin , Yuan Qian , Huang Xiaokun
Published: December 2024

The introduction of Sr0.7Bi0.2(Al0.5Ta0.5)O3 into Na0.5Bi0.5TiO3 induces the coexistence of R3c and P4bm phases and disrupts ferroelectric domains, thereby optimizing the P–E loops with relaxor behavior and enhancing the energy storage performances.
Automatic feature‐based markerless calibration and navigation method for augmented reality assisted dental treatment
Authors: Ahmad Faizan , Xiong Jing , Xia Zeyang
Published: December 2024

Augmented reality (AR) is gaining traction in the field of computer‐assisted treatment (CAT). Head‐mounted display (HMD)‐based AR in CAT provides dentists with enhanced visualisation by directly overlaying a three‐dimensional (3D) model on a real patient during dental treatment. However, conventional AR‐based treatments rely on optical markers and trackers, which makes them tedious, expensive, and uncomfortable for dentists. Therefore, a markerless image‐to‐patient tracking system is necessary to overcome these challenges and enhance system efficiency. This paper proposes a novel feature‐based markerless calibration and navigation method for an HMD‐based AR visualisation system. The authors address three sub‐challenges: firstly, synthetic RGB‐D data for anatomical landmark detection is generated to train a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN); secondly, the HMD is automatically calibrated using detected anatomical landmarks, eliminating the need for user input or optical trackers; and thirdly, a multi‐iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm is developed for effective 3D‐3D real‐time navigation. The authors conduct several experiments on a commercially available HMD (HoloLens 2). Finally, the authors compare and evaluate the approach against state‐of‐the‐art methods that employ HoloLens. The proposed method achieves a calibration virtual‐to‐real re‐projection distance of (1.09 ± 0.23) mm and navigation projection errors and accuracies of approximately (0.53 ± 0.19) mm and 93.87%, respectively.
Augmenting efficient real‐time surgical instrument segmentation in video with point tracking and Segment Anything
Authors: Wu Zijian , Schmidt Adam , Kazanzides Peter , Salcudean Septimiu E.
Published: December 2024

The Segment Anything model (SAM) is a powerful vision foundation model that is revolutionizing the traditional paradigm of segmentation. Despite this, a reliance on prompting each frame and large computational cost limit its usage in robotically assisted surgery. Applications, such as augmented reality guidance, require little user intervention along with efficient inference to be usable clinically. This study addresses these limitations by adopting lightweight SAM variants to meet the efficiency requirement and employing fine‐tuning techniques to enhance their generalization in surgical scenes. Recent advancements in tracking any point have shown promising results in both accuracy and efficiency, particularly when points are occluded or leave the field of view. Inspired by this progress, a novel framework is presented that combines an online point tracker with a lightweight SAM model that is fine‐tuned for surgical instrument segmentation. Sparse points within the region of interest are tracked and used to prompt SAM throughout the video sequence, providing temporal consistency. The quantitative results surpass the state‐of‐the‐art semi‐supervised video object segmentation method XMem on the EndoVis 2015 dataset with 84.8 IoU and 91.0 Dice. The method achieves promising performance that is comparable to XMem and transformer‐based fully supervised segmentation methods on ex vivo UCL dVRK and in vivo CholecSeg8k datasets. In addition, the proposed method shows promising zero‐shot generalization ability on the label‐free STIR dataset. In terms of efficiency, the method was tested on a single GeForce RTX 4060/4090 GPU respectively, achieving an over 25/90 FPS inference speed. Code is available at: https://github.com/zijianwu1231/SIS‐PT‐SAM.
Calculation and experimental verification of equivalent distributed circuit model based on refined iron core modelling
Authors: Liu Yunpeng , Chen Guanyu , Xu Fuseng , Zhao Tao , Liu Hongliang , Sun Lu , Guo Jiayi
Published: December 2024

This research introduces an equivalent circuit model and a computational method to address complex mechanical motion issues through electromechanical analogies. The study initially refines core vibration characteristics using single‐ and multi‐degree‐of‐freedom models, subsequently establishing equivalent circuit models for these various degrees of freedom. However, employing high degree‐of‐freedom models for detailed modelling of the core proves overly cumbersome. The research advocates for a distributed equivalent circuit model to more accurately represent the core's layered structure, thus facilitating enhanced core modelling. Moreover, the study formulates a mechanical wave transmission equation pertinent to the vibration of the iron core, which constitutes the foundation of the distributed mechanical vibration model. This model comprehensively assesses the impact of three critical factors on core vibration: the non‐linearity of winding resistance, the electromechanical coupling coefficient, and the dynamic stiffness of the core. A case study elucidates the distinct influences of each factor on vibration characteristics. Furthermore, this study derives vibration calculations from a 60‐day overload ageing test conducted on a 10 kV transformer under 135°C overload conditions. The methodology involves integrating measured compression force values and the calculated dynamic stiffness of the core into an equivalent circuit model. Subsequent analysis compares the results from the equivalent circuit model with experimental measurements. These comparisons indicate an agreement between the calculated and measured values in the time–frequency domain, thereby confirming the accuracy of the equivalent circuit model calculations.