bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cephradine drug release using electrospun chitosan nanofibers incorporated with halloysite nanoclay
Authors: Naz Mahwish , Rizwan Muhammad , Jabeen Sehrish , Ghaffar Abdul , Islam Atif , Gull Nafisa , Rasool Atta , Khan Rafi Ullah , Alshawwa Samar Z. , Iqbal Munawar
Published: September 2021

The chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol/halloysite nanoclay (CS/PVA/HNC) loaded with cephradine drug electrospun nanofibers (NFs) were fabricated and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques. FTIR analysis confirmed the hydrogen bonding between the polymer chain and the developed siloxane linkages. SEM analysis revealed the formation of uniform NFs having beads free and smooth surface with an average diameter in 50–200 nm range. The thermal stability of the NFs was increased by increasing the HNC concentration. The antimicrobial activity was examined against Escherichia
 coli and staphylococcus strains and the NFs revealed auspicious antimicrobial potential. The drug release was studied at pH 7.4 (in PBS) at 37 °C. The drug release analysis showed that 90% of the drug was released from NFs in 2 h and 40 min. Hence, the prepared NFs could be used as a potential drug carrier and release in a control manner for biomedical application.
Sistema de impermeabilização: Método de aplicação em fundações
Authors: Dutra Clézio Thadeu De Souza , Lumuangiki Visi Paulo , Dutra Vinicius Araújo de Souza
Published: September 2021

O trabalho visa detalhar os possíveis impermeabilizantes para áreas de subsolos como paredes diafragmas. Também são referidas as fundações passiveis de serem impermeabilizadas: sapatas (isoladas, corridas ou vigas), estacas (topo ou maciço de encabeçamento), desta forma, os projetos arquitetônicos são concebidos sempre visando ao máximo o aproveitamento destas áreas. Os pavimentos inferiores são bastante afetados pela água. Pois estão sujeitos a maiores concentrações de água da chuva e influência do lençol freático. Apresentando materiais e métodos mais indicados para esta situação, assim como os pontos que merecem um cuidado especial. São referidas também as anomalias correntes em fundações e nos materiais que as protegem. É possível ainda abordar técnicas de reabilitação, focando-se fundamentalmente em radier. Serão detalhadas todas as situações das obras e soluções escolhidas em cada caso.
RECUPERAÇÃO DE ESTRUTURAS DE CONCRETO COM CORROSÃO
Authors: Fernandes da Costa Marcelle , Berkes Antunes Daniela , Codá dos Santos Amaro Francisco
Published: September 2021

As estruturas de concreto armado são muito utilizadas na execução da maioria das edificações no país. Essas estruturas, no entanto, desenvolvem com o passar do tempo, patologias que podem ser decorrentes de falhas de projetos e/ou construtivas, da agressividade do meio, ou até mesmo ao longo de sua utilização. O processo de corrosão destaca-se como uma das patologias mais agressivas que causam danos nocivos a estrutura ao comprometerem suas armaduras, causando perda de seção e, consequentemente, perda de resistência. Para isso, torna-se de grande importância a necessidade de haver manutenções ao longo do tempo, garantindo sua vida útil e, consequentemente sua segurança. O presente estudo aborda uma edificação situada na região da praia de Icaraí na cidade de Niterói/RJ, que apresentava a maioria de suas estruturas de concreto armado deterioradas pelo avanço da corrosão. Foi dado enfoque nos principais motivos que levaram ao avanço dessa patologia, tais como as falhas construtivas identificadas, dentre elas: o mau adensamento do concreto, granulometria acima do recomendado, cobrimento inferior ao exigido; além do meio ambiente agressivo. Sendo assim, detalhou-se o processo adequado de recuperação estrutural realizado no local, a fim de inibir o avanço da corrosão, além de descrever a forma correta de execução de recuperação de estruturas, ressaltando a importância da manutenção para a vida útil e de fazê-la com segurança.
Photodetector resistant to background light noise with extended dynamic range of input signals
Authors: Lipka V. M. , Ryukhtin V. V. , Dobrovolsky Yu. G.
Published: September 2021

Measurement of periodic optical information signals in the background light noise with a photodetector with extended dynamic range is an urgent task of modern electronics and thus has become the aim of this study.
To increase the dynamic range of the photodetector, a new version of the automatic gain control (AGC) circuit has been developed, which consists of an AGC controller, an output photodetector amplifier and an AGC detector.
The authors measured the dynamic range of the photodetector when receiving optical radiation with a wavelength of 1064 nm in the power range from 2.10–8 to 2.10–5 W at a modulation frequency of 20 kHz with the AGC on. Under these conditions, the dynamic range of the photodetector was found to be up to 67 dB. If the AGC was off, the dynamic range did not exceed 30 dB.
Thus, the study made it possible to create a photodetector with an extended dynamic range up to 67 dB based on a new version of the AGC circuit. The design of the photodetector allowed choosing a useful signal of a particular modulation frequency in the frequency range from 3 to 45 kHz and effectively suppresses the frequencies caused by optical interference in the low frequency range from the frequency of the input signal of constant amplitude up to 3 kHz inclusive. This compensates the current up to 15 mA, which is equivalent to the power of light interference of about 15 mW.
Further research should address the issues of reliability of the proposed photodetector design and optimization of its optical system.
The photodetector can be used in geodesy and ambient air quality monitoring.
Using a layer based on materials with a metal to semiconductor phase transition for electrothermal protection of solar cells
Authors: Tonkoshkur A. S. , Ivanchenko A. V.
Published: September 2021

One of the main problems in ensuring the reliability of solar electrical power sources is local overheating, when hot spots form in photovoltaic cells of solar arrays. It is currently considered that these negative phenomena are caused, among other things, by overvoltage in the electrical circuits of solar arrays. This leads to the appearance of defective elements and a significant decrease in the functionality of the entire power generation system up to its complete failure.
This study considers the possible ways to increase the reliability of solar arrays by using thermistor thermocontacting layers for preventing overvoltage events and overheating.
The authors use simulation to study electrical characteristics of a photovoltaic cell in thermal contact with an additional layer based on thermistor materials with a metal to semiconductor phase transition. Vanadium dioxide with a phase transition temperature of ~340 K is considered to be a promising material for this purpose. During the phase transition, electrical resistance sharply decreases from the values characteristic of dielectrics to the values associated with metal conductors.
It is shown that such thermistor layers can be used for protecting solar cells from electrical overheating under the following basic conditions:
— the layer’s resistance in the «cold» state significantly exceeds that of the lightened forward-biased solar cell;
— the layer’s resistance in the «heated» state is sufficiently low compared to those of the reverse-biased photovoltaic cell and of the power source.
The current and temperature of the reverse-biased photovoltaic cell are limited and stabilized, and the voltage drop sharply decreases from the moment when the temperature of the thermistor layer reaches the values close to the temperature of its transition to the low-conductivity state.
The obtained results substantiate the potntial of the described approach to protect photovoltaic cells of solar modules against electric thermal overloads.
High Behavioral Variability Mediated by Altered Neuronal Excitability inauts2Mutant Zebrafish
Authors: Jha Urvashi , Kondrychyn Igor , Korzh Vladimir , Thirumalai Vatsala
Published: September 2021

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by abnormal behavioral traits arising from neural circuit dysfunction. While a number of genes have been implicated in ASDs, in most cases, a clear understanding of how mutations in these genes lead to circuit dysfunction and behavioral abnormality is absent. Theautism susceptibility candidate 2(AUTS2) gene is one such gene, associated with ASDs, intellectual disability and a range of other neurodevelopmental conditions. However, the role of AUTS2 in neural development and circuit function is not at all known. Here, we undertook functional analysis of Auts2a, the main homolog of AUTS2 in zebrafish, in the context of the escape behavior. Escape behavior in wild-type zebrafish is critical for survival and is therefore, reliable, rapid, and has well-defined kinematic properties.auts2amutant zebrafish are viable, have normal gross morphology and can generate escape behavior with normal kinematics. However, the behavior is unreliable and delayed, with high trial-to-trial variability in the latency. Using calcium imaging we probed the activity of Mauthner neurons during otic vesicle (OV) stimulation and observed lower probability of activation and reduced calcium transients in the mutants. With direct activation of Mauthner by antidromic stimulation, the threshold for activation in mutants was higher than that in wild-type, even when inhibition was blocked. Taken together, these results point to reduced excitability of Mauthner neurons inauts2amutant larvae leading to unreliable escape responses. Our results show a novel role for Auts2a in regulating neural excitability and reliability of behavior.
HFOApp: A MATLAB Graphical User Interface for High-Frequency Oscillation Marking
Authors: Zhou Guangyu , Noto Torben , Sharma Arjun , Yang Qiaohan , González Otárula Karina A. , Tate Matthew , Templer Jessica W. , Lane Gregory , Zelano Christina
Published: September 2021

Epilepsy affects 3.4 million people in the United States, and, despite the availability of numerous antiepileptic drugs, 36% of patients have uncontrollable seizures, which severely impact quality of life. High-frequency oscillations (HFOs) are a potential biomarker of epileptogenic tissue that could be useful in surgical planning. As a result, research into the efficacy of HFOs as a clinical tool has increased over the last 2 decades. However, detection and identification of these transient rhythms in intracranial electroencephalographic recordings remain time-consuming and challenging. Although automated detection algorithms have been developed, their results are widely inconsistent, reducing reliability. Thus, manual marking of HFOs remains the gold standard, and manual review of automated results is required. However, manual marking and review are time consuming and can still produce variable results because of their subjective nature and the limitations in functionality of existing open-source software. Our goal was to develop a new software with broad application that improves on existing open-source HFO detection applications in usability, speed, and accuracy. Here, we present HFOApp: a free, open-source, easy-to-use MATLAB-based graphical user interface for HFO marking. This toolbox offers a high degree of intuitive and ergonomic usability and integrates interactive automation-assist options with manual marking, significantly reducing the time needed for review and manual marking of recordings, while increasing inter-rater reliability. The toolbox also features simultaneous multichannel detection and marking. HFOApp was designed as an easy-to-use toolbox for clinicians and researchers to quickly and accurately mark, quantify, and characterize HFOs within electrophysiological datasets.
Studying IndependentKcna6Knock-out Mice Reveals Toxicity of Exogenous LacZ to Central Nociceptor Terminals and Differential Effects of Kv1.6 on Acute and Neuropathic Pain Sensation
Authors: Peck Liam J. , Patel Ryan , Diaz Paula , Wintle Yolanda M. , Dickenson Anthony H. , Todd Andrew J. , Calvo Margarita , Bennett David L.H.
Published: September 2021

The potassium channel Kv1.6 has recently been implicated as a major modulatory channel subunit expressed in primary nociceptors. Furthermore, its expression at juxtaparanodes of myelinated primary afferents is induced following traumatic nerve injury as part of an endogenous mechanism to reduce hyperexcitability and pain-related hypersensitivity. In this study, we compared two mouse models of constitutive Kv1.6 knock-out (KO) achieved by different methods: traditional gene trap via homologous recombination and CRISPR-mediated excision. Both Kv1.6 KO mouse lines exhibited an unexpected reduction in sensitivity to noxious heat stimuli, to differing extents: the Kv1.6 mice produced via gene trap had a far more significant hyposensitivity. These mice (Kcna6lacZ) expressed the bacterial reporter enzyme LacZ in place of Kv1.6 as a result of the gene trap mechanism, and we found that their central primary afferent presynaptic terminals developed a striking neurodegenerative phenotype involving accumulation of lipid species, development of “meganeurites,” and impaired transmission to dorsal horn wide dynamic range neurons. The anatomic defects were absent in CRISPR-mediated Kv1.6 KO mice (Kcna6−/−) but were present in a third mouse model expressing exogenous LacZ in nociceptors under the control of a Nav1.8-promoted Cre recombinase. LacZ reporter enzymes are thus intrinsically neurotoxic to sensory neurons and may induce pathologic defects in transgenic mice, which has confounding implications for the interpretation of gene KOs usinglacZ. Nonetheless, inKcna6−/−mice not affected by LacZ, we demonstrated a significant role for Kv1.6 regulating acute noxious thermal sensitivity, and both mechanical and thermal pain-related hypersensitivity after nerve injury.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTIn recent decades, the expansion of technologies to experimentally manipulate the rodent genome has contributed significantly to the field of neuroscience. While introduction of enzymatic or fluorescent reporter proteins to label neuronal populations is now commonplace, often potential toxicity effects are not fully considered. We show a role of Kv1.6 in acute and neuropathic pain states through analysis of two mouse models lacking Kv1.6 potassium channels: one with additional expression of LacZ and one without. We show that LacZ reporter enzymes induce unintended defects in sensory neurons, with an impact on behavioral data outcomes. To summarize we highlight the importance of Kv1.6 in recovery of normal sensory function following nerve injury, and careful interpretation of data from LacZ reporter models.
Memory Specific to Temporal Features of Sound Is Formed by Cue-Selective Enhancements in Temporal Coding Enabled by Inhibition of an Epigenetic Regulator
Authors: Rotondo Elena K. , Bieszczad Kasia M.
Published: September 2021

Recent investigation of memory-related functions in the auditory system have capitalized on the use of memory-modulating molecules to probe the relationship between memory and substrates of memory in auditory system coding. For example, epigenetic mechanisms, which regulate gene expression necessary for memory consolidation, are powerful modulators of learning-induced neuroplasticity and long-term memory (LTM) formation. Inhibition of the epigenetic regulator histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) promotes LTM, which is highly specific for spectral features of sound. The present work demonstrates for the first time that HDAC3 inhibition also enables memory for temporal features of sound. Adult male rats trained in an amplitude modulation (AM) rate discrimination task and treated with a selective inhibitor of HDAC3 formed memory that was highly specific to the AM rate paired with reward. Sound-specific memory revealed behaviorally was associated with a signal-specific enhancement in temporal coding in the auditory system; stronger phase locking that was specific to the rewarded AM rate was revealed in both the surface-recorded frequency following response and auditory cortical multiunit activity in rats treated with the HDAC3 inhibitor. Furthermore, HDAC3 inhibition increased trial-to-trial cortical response consistency (relative to naive and trained vehicle-treated rats), which generalized across different AM rates. Stronger signal-specific phase locking correlated with individual behavioral differences in memory specificity for the AM signal. These findings support that epigenetic mechanisms regulate activity-dependent processes that enhance discriminability of sensory cues encoded into LTM in both spectral and temporal domains, which may be important for remembering spectrotemporal features of sounds, for example, as in human voices and speech.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEpigenetic mechanisms have recently been implicated in memory and information processing. Here, we use a pharmacological inhibitor of HDAC3 in a sensory model of learning to reveal the ability of HDAC3 to enable precise memory for amplitude-modulated sound cues. In so doing, we uncover neural substrates for memory's specificity for temporal sound cues. Memory specificity was supported by auditory cortical changes in temporal coding, including greater response consistency and stronger phase locking. HDAC3 appears to regulate effects across domains that determine specific cue saliency for behavior. Thus, epigenetic players may gate how sensory information is stored in long-term memory and can be leveraged to reveal the neural substrates of sensory details stored in memory.
Correlates of South Korean Public Opinion on Nuclear Proliferation
Authors: Son Sangyong , Yim Man-Sung
Published: September 2021

What explains South Korean public opinion on nuclear weapons development? Despite the US security commitment, most South Koreans consistently support independent nuclear weapons development. To solve this puzzle, we investigate the mechanisms of security threat and security commitment under which individuals develop their opinion on nuclear proliferation. An original survey of 1,988 South Korean adults shows empirically supported correlates of South Korean public opinion on nuclear proliferation. Public support for proliferation is largely shaped by external security threats: nuclear threats from North Korea and China, but also the latent nuclear superiority of Japan. Public opposition to proliferation is fostered by the perceived credibility of the US security commitment, but not by its perceived effectiveness. The results provide insights into South Korean public opinion on nuclear proliferation and can inform the design of a nonproliferation policy tailored to South Korea.
Poisson Regressions: A Little Fishy
Authors: Ryan William H. , Evers Ellen R. K. , Moore Don A.
Published: September 2021

When analyzing count data (such as number of questions answered correctly), psychologists often use Poisson regressions. We show through simulations that violating the assumptions of a Poisson distribution even slightly can lead to false positive rates more than doubling, and illustrate this issue with a study that finds a clearly spurious but highly significant connection between seeing the color blue and eating fish candies. In additional simulations we test alternative methods for analyzing count-data and show that these generally do not suffer from the same inflated false positive rate, nor do they result in much higher false negatives in situations where Poisson would be appropriate.
PRECARIOUS, MORE PRECARIOUS, MOST PRECARIOUS? THE QUALITY OF LIFE OF WASTE PICKERS IN THE KAROO
Authors: Schenck Rinie , Viljoen Kotie , Blaauw Derick
Published: September 2021

Towns in the Karoo region currently offer few income‑generating opportunities, resulting in people seeking informal waste‑picking opportunities on the streets and landfills. This article aims to investigate the level of precariousness of waste pickers in the context of the Karoo towns in comparison with the rest of South Africa using Sen’s capability approach. A cross‑sectional research design was used, interviewing 75 informal landfill waste pickers and 23 street waste pickers in nine Karoo towns. The results indicated that, in some respects, the situation of the Karoo waste pickers is more precarious than those in other areas of South Africa
EXPLORING INTERVENTION FOR WIDOWS IN BINGA DISTRICT, ZIMBABWE: A SOCIAL WORK INTEGRATIVE MODEL
Authors: Dube Misheck
Published: September 2021

This article discusses a social work intervention model that addresses the psychosocial plight of widows in Zimbabwe. The ARTICLE uses a qualitative approach and a phenomenological research design as a basis for one-on-one interviews, focus group discussions, and key informant interviews that provided the information needed for the formulation of a social work basic care integrative model. The findings of the research indicate that there are gaps in social work interventions that suggest the need for an integrative intervention model to guide social workers in practice in meeting the welfare needs of the widows in Binga District.
Editorial
Authors: Green Sulina
Published: September 2021

The articles in this issue of Social Work/Maatskaplike Werk cover topics related to the innovative utilisation of approaches and methodologies for teaching and learning in social work education and for intervention in social work practice. The first two articles examine the incorporation of technology-enhanced teaching and learning in social work education in the digital era. The first article provides insights into the emerging developments of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, especially for curriculum renewal to prepare prospective practitioners to operate in both online and offline environments. The second article describes how an authentic e-learning framework can provide a pedagogically improved method of course design for groupwork education.
Właściwości i zastosowanie nowoczesnych opatrunków aktywnych
Authors: Szkiler Elżbieta
Published: September 2021

W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono podstawowe zasady, jakimi należy się kierować w doborze opatrunku oraz charakterystykę nowoczesnych opatrunków dostępnych na polskim rynku.
Exploring the complex interplay in the regulation of cardiac pathophysiological functions by protein kinases and phosphatases
Authors: Chukwuma Sr Dr Chrysanthus
Published: September 2021

Cardiovascular disease manifests as an intricately complex entity presenting as a derangement of the cardiovascular system. Cardiac or heart failure connotes the pathophysiological state in which deficient cardiac output compromises the body burden and requirements. Protein kinases regulate several pathophysiological processes and are emerging targets for drug lead or discovery. The protein kinases are family members of the serine/threonine phosphatases. Protein kinases and phosphatases are pivotal in the regulatory mechanisms in the reversible phosphorylation of diverse effectors whereby discrete signaling molecules regulate cardiac excitation and contraction. Protein phosphorylation is critical for the sustenance of cardiac functionalities. The two major contributory ingredients to progressive myocardium derangement are dysregulation of Ca2+processes and contemporaneous elevated concentrations of reactive oxygen species, ROS. Certain cardiac abnormalities include cardiac myopathy or hypertrophy due to response in untoward haemodynamic demand with concomitant progressive heart failure. The homeostasis or equilibrium between protein kinases and phosphatases influence cardiac morphology and excitability during pathological and physiological processes of the cardiovascular system.
A SYNTHESIS OF TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN DOPPLER SPECTRA RECORDED AT A QUASI-VERTICAL INCIDENCE BY THE HF DOPPLER RADAR WITH SPACED RECEIVERS
Authors:   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University, Pushin V. F. , Chernogor L. F. ,   V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University
Published: September 2021

Purpose: The ionospheric channel is widely used for the communication, radio navigation, radar, direction finding, radio astronomy, and remote radio probing systems. The radio channel parameters are characterized by nonstationarity due to the dynamic processes in the ionosphere, and therefore their study is one of the topical problems of space radio physics and earth-space radio physics of geospace. This work aims at presenting the results of synthesis of temporal variations in the Doppler spectra obtained by the Doppler probing of the ionosphere at vertical and quasi-vertical incidence. Design/methotology/approach: One of the most effective methods of ionosphere research is the Doppler sounding technique. It has a high time resolution (about 10 s), a Doppler shift resolution (0.01–0.1 Hz), and the accuracy of Doppler shift measurements (~0.01 Hz) that permits monitoring the variations in the ionospheric electron density (10–4–10–3) or the study of the ionospheric plasma motion with the speed of 0.1-1 m/s and greater. The solution of the inverse radio physical problem, consisting in determination of the ionosphere parameters, often means solving the direct radio physical problem. In the Doppler sounding technique, it belongs with the construction of variations in Doppler spectra and comparing them with the Doppler spectra measurements. Findings: For the radio wave ordinary component, three echoes being produced by three rays are observed. Influence of the geomagnetic fi eld and large horizontal gradients in the electron density of δ≥10 % give rise to complex ray structures with caustic surfaces. The ionospheric disturbances traveling along the magnetic meridian form the skip zones. The longitudinal and transverse displacement of the ray reflection point attains a few tens of kilometers along the vil. Haidary to vil. Hrakove quasi-vertical radiowave propagation path, for which the great circle range is 50 km. For the vertical incidence, the signal azimuth at the receiver coincides with the traveling ionospheric disturbance azimuth. The synthesis of temporal variations in the HF Doppler spectra has been made and compared with the temporal variations in the Doppler spectra recorded with the V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University radar. The estimate of δ=15 % obtained confirms the existence of large horizontal gradients in electron density. Conclusions: Temporal variations in Doppler spectra and in azimuth have been calculated for the vertical and quasi-vertical incidence with allowance for large horizontal gradients of the electron density caused by traveling ionospheric disturbances. Key words: ionosphere, Doppler sounding at oblique incidence, synthesis of temporal variations in HF Doppler spectra, traveling ionospheric disturbances, electron density
A Text-Based Intervention to Promote Literacy: An RCT
Authors: Chamberlain Lisa J. , Bruce Janine , De La Cruz Monica , Huffman Lynne , Steinberg Jecca Rhea , Bruguera Ren , Peterson Jaime W. , Gardner Rebecca M. , He Zihuai , Ordaz Yesenia , Connelly Elizabeth , Loeb Susanna
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Children entering kindergarten ready to learn are more likely to thrive. Inequitable access to high-quality, early educational settings creates early educational disparities. TipsByText, a text-message–based program for caregivers of young children, improves literacy of children in preschool, but efficacy for families without access to early childhood education was unknown.

METHODS

We conducted a randomized controlled trial with caregivers of 3- and 4-year-olds in 2 public pediatric clinics. Intervention caregivers received TipsByText 3 times a week for 7 months. At pre- and postintervention, we measured child literacy using the Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening Tool (PALS-PreK) and caregiver involvement using the Parent Child Interactivity Scale (PCI). We estimated effects on PALS-PreK and PCI using multivariable linear regression.

RESULTS

We enrolled 644 families, excluding 263 because of preschool participation. Compared with excluded children, those included in the study had parents with lower income and educational attainment and who were more likely to be Spanish speaking. Three-quarters of enrollees completed pre- and postintervention assessments. Postintervention PALS-PreK scores revealed an unadjusted treatment effect of 0.260 (P = .040); adjusting for preintervention score, child age, and caregiver language, treatment effect was 0.209 (P = .016), equating to ∼3 months of literacy gains. Effects were greater for firstborn children (0.282 vs 0.178), children in 2-parent families (0.262 vs 0.063), and 4-year-olds (0.436 vs 0.107). The overall effect on PCI was not significant (1.221, P = .124).

CONCLUSIONS

The health sector has unique access to difficult-to-reach young children. With this clinic-based texting intervention, we reached underresourced families and increased child literacy levels.
On The Words Ile in Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk and ayla in Kutadgu Bilig
Authors: Yüksekkaya Gülden Sağol
Published: September 2021

Kutadgu Bilig is one of the most important treasures of Turkish history, art, language, and literature as well as Turkish cultural history, whereas Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk demonstrates the wealth of Turkish culture and civilization. Hundreds of studies have been done on these two works, yet they still pose many questions waiting to be answered. This article focuses on the word read as ıla in Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk and Kutadgu Bilig and recommends a new way of reading it.
The Manzikert Campaign from an Ottoman Perspective
Authors: Vratimos Antonios , Büyüközkara Ender
Published: September 2021

This study analyses the battle of Manzikert, which marked the beginning of a new period, through the- asyet unpublished manuscript of the sixteenth-century Ottoman historian, Ahmed ibn Mahmud. Since it has little fresh to add to what we know from earlier texts, its value lies in the handling of his material. Though it is modelled on the account of the Arab writer Sibt ibn al-Jawzi, there are numerous rearrangements and deliberate omissions. All these elements serve to meet Ahmed’s compositional goal which should be seen through the prism of Alp Arslan’s devoted faith to God that decided his victory at Manzikert.
Sequestration of solid carbon in concrete: A large-scale enabler of lower-carbon intensity hydrogen from natural gas
Authors: Li Jiaqi , Spanu Leonardo , Heo Jeffrey , Zhang Wenxin , Gardner David W. , Carraro Carlo , Maboudian Roya , Monteiro Paulo J. M.
Published: September 2021

Methane pyrolysis is an emerging technology to produce lower-carbon intensity hydrogen at scale, as long as the co-produced solid carbon is permanently captured. Partially replacing Portland cement with pyrolytic carbon would allow the sequestration at a scale that matches the needs of the H2 industry. Our results suggest that compressive strength, the most critical mechanical property, of blended cement could even be improved while the cement manufacture, which contributes to ~ 9% global anthropogenic CO2 emissions, can be decarbonized. A CO2 abatement up to 10% of cement production could be achieved with the inclusion of selected carbon morphologies, without the need of significant capital investment and radical modification of current production processes. The use of solid carbon could have a higher CO2 abatement potential than the incorporation of conventional industrial wastes used in concrete at the same replacement level. With this approach, the concrete industry could become an enabler for manufacturing a lower-carbon intensity hydrogen in a win–win solution.

Impact

Methane pyrolysis is an up-scalable technology that produces hydrogen as a lower carbon-intensity energy carrier and industrial feedstock. This technology can attract more investment for lower-carbon intensity hydrogen if co-produced solid carbon (potentially hundreds of million tons per year) has value-added applications. The solid carbon can be permanently stored in concrete, the second most used commodity worldwide. To understand the feasibility of this carbon storage strategy, up to 10 wt% of Portland cement is replaced with disk-like or fibrillar carbon in our study. The incorporation of 5% and 10% fibrillar carbons increase the compressive strength of the cement-based materials by at least 20% and 16%, respectively, while disk-like carbons have little beneficial effects on the compressive strength. Our life-cycle assessment in climate change category results suggest that the 10% cement replacement with the solid carbon can lower ~10% of greenhouse gas emissions of cement production, which is currently the second-largest industrial emitter in the world. The use of solid carbon in concrete can supplement the enormous demand for cement substitute for low-carbon concrete and lower the cost of the low-carbon hydrogen production. This massively available low-cost solid carbon would create numerous new opportunities in concrete research and the industrial applications.
Tutoriale jako przykład materiału autentycznego stymulującego motywację w samodzielnym przyswajaniu leksyki obcojęzycznej
Authors:   Uniwersytet Pedagogiczny w Krakowie Katedra Rusycystyki, Polska, Targ Ewa
Published: September 2021

This article discusses the influence of tutorials on motivation to learn foreign lexis. The author quotes the definition of a tutorial and describes its characteristics. Moreover, the author presents research findings which aimed at verifying how frequently tutorials are used and learners' abilities to work with such foreign materials, as well as the evaluation of their motivational value.
О выражении надежды (на примере русской глагольной модели предложений и ее польских соответствий)
Authors:   Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Czapiga Zofia
Published: September 2021

The paper is devoted to the analysis of lexical markers of hatred in Polish and Russian and their syntactic roles. The following units remain in the scope of the Author’s interest: ненавидеть, ненависть, ненавидящий, ненавистный, ненавистно; nienawidzić, nienawiść, nienawistny, nienawistnie. In order to express strong enmity towards somebody or something the verbal model of a state sentence is usually used: Nienawidzę cię; Я тебя ненавижу (I hate you). The remaining examples name the negative emotional state of the subject indirectly.
Польские и русские глаголы, мотивированные названиями напитков
Authors:   Uniwersytet Śląski w Katowicach, Polska, Gasz Agnieszka
Published: September 2021

The article attempts to provide a description of words motivated by names of drinks in Polish and Russian. Comparative research has been conducted on the basis of material excerpted from dictionaries (explanatory dictionaries, dictionaries of synonyms as well as slang and jargon dictionaries). In the course of linguistic analysis the author established main ways of motivating verbs denoting various kinds of consumption and indicated crucial similarities and differences between the two languages.
Język rosyjski i angielski w dyplomacji – nowa specjalność w nauczaniu języka rosyjskiego jako obcego na potrzeby rynku pracy – koncepcja kształcenia
Authors:   Katedra Rusycystyki, Uniwersytet Rzeszowski, Polska, Dziedzic Małgorzata
Published: September 2021

The article shows the conception of teaching for a new speciality: Russian and English in diplomacy within Russian language course at the university level. After a brief analysis of vistas of Russian philology graduates employment, the proprietary curriculum for the new speciality accounting of the specificity of languages of various professions and communities connected with diplomacy was presented.
Формирование поликультурной образовательной среды как средства интенсификации обучения русскому языку как иностранному
Authors:   Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет Санкт-Петербург, Россия, Кипнес Людмила , Непоклонова Елена ,   Российский государственный гидрометеорологический университет Санкт-Петербург, Россия
Published: September 2021

The article discusses ways of forming a multicultural educational environment as an actual means of effective teaching of Russian as a foreign language. Methodological issues are considered in close interaction with the issues of the relationship between science and culture at the present stage, special attention is paid to the decisive role of methodological reflection in the competence model of a modern researcher and how to form it in the process of teaching research skills at the stages of school and university learning using the example of teaching the Russian language as to foreign. Particular attention is paid to modern educational projects aimed at creating an effective multicultural interaction between students studying Russian as a foreign language in order to intensify learning. In the framework of the multicultural interaction project between Turkmen and Russian students, implemented at the Russian State Medical University, the article discusses the methodological aspects of linguistic Olympiads and the joint project activities of Turkmen and Russian students. The article also discusses the prospects of creating a Russian-Turkmen language center on the basis of the university as a scientific community of teachers and students, suggesting a flexible system of various types and methods of integration in order to solve various professional problems.
Transport System of Rostov Region: Infrastructure Limitations and Development Prospects
Authors:   Federal Research Centre the Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Patrakeeva Olga
Published: September 2021

The road network congestion is a serious infrastructure constraint on the development of Rostov region. Municipalities that have access to high-quality infrastructure have more prospects for social and economic development. The main limitations in the transport infrastructure are the mismatch between the technical parameters of roads and the existing traffic intensity, traffic congestion in the Rostov agglomeration. These problems lead to traffic delays, transport collapses, as well as a decrease in speed, which entails significant social and economic losses. Strategic priorities of regional development include expansion of a number of roads that provides transshipment, cargo processing and passenger traffic within the boundaries of the Rostov transport hub. There is a weak market competitiveness of railway transport in transportation services market. In addition, a serious infrastructure limitation of railway transport is the low capacity of individual road sections. Currently, there is an imbalance in the development of municipalities. The Rostov agglomeration attracts the population from the outskirts of the region, which leads to an unbalanced development of the territories. The low level of infrastructure provision in the Eastern and South-Eastern districts of the region is a constraining factor that slows down social and economic development. It is shown that inter-municipal differences in the levels of economic activity are influenced by the provision of territories with roads with improved pavement and investments in fixed assets made by organizations located in the municipality. It is required to carry out comprehensive work on the construction and further development of infrastructure facilities that meet modern standards to reduce the differentiation of the regional space in terms of population size, standard of living and quality of life.
Digital Economy Ecosystem of Small Agribusiness
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Popova Larisa , Lata Mariya ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Melikhov Petr ,   Volgograd State Agrarian University
Published: September 2021

The basis of the agrarian reform carried out in Russia is the concept of digital modernization of agriculture, in which digital technologies are considered not only as a means of improving the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of agricultural products, but also as a factor to accelerate the processes of organizational, social, economic, material and technical renewal of the agro-industrial complex as a whole. In this context, we are no longer talking about individual digital solutions in a particular segment of agro-industrial production, but about the so-called “digital ecosystems” in which agricultural production cycles function in the structure of technological platforms, applied Internet services, information and analytical data processing systems, united in a single information environment (ecosystem). The purpose of this study is a theoretical, methodological, scientific and practical analysis of the specifics of digital ecosystems introduced into agricultural production, their adequate assessment in the context of economic efficiency, prospects for sustainable development and the development of practical recommendations for the introduction of modern digital technologies in small agricultural production. In order to achieve the mentioned goal we used a set of methods of both general scientific and highly specialized economic research, including observation, survey, questionnaire, numerical-analytical and statistical methods, the method of expert assessments, as well as the method of comprehensive assessment of economic activity. The result of the research is the development of the information and economic concept of “digital economy ecosystems”, as well as the analysis of existing and prospective digital ecosystems, the introduction of which in real agricultural production can be exemplified by small agricultural formations. The results of the analysis can be used in the development and implementation of state agricultural policy in the context of digitalization of agricultural production, as well as in the practical implementation of “smart” digital farm projects.
Regional Distribution of Adult Education in Hungary (2010, 2019)
Authors:   Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Hajdú Dávid
Published: September 2021

This article presents the results of a study related to the regional distribution of participants in adulteducation programs in Hungary. Adult education is one of the cornerstones of lifelong learning supported by the European Union. The author performed a secondary database analysis from the OSAP 1665 (National Statistical Data Collection Program on Adult Education) database operated by the Pest County Government Office. To answer the main research questions, the author used the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, Local Moran I Autocorrelation and Hot Spot analysis methods used in regional statistics. Access to education in rural areas is one of the components of reducing unfavorable demographic changes and emigration caused by unemployment. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to the lack of access to education for people living in rural areas and to the fact that education is the first step in keeping the rural population in place. During the study period (2010 and 2019), training centers covered more than 50 percent of the country’s municipalities. Training centers are located along the main roads of the country. A study of the service areas of the district centers revealed which districts lacked such centers. With the help of the research methods, the author obtained data indicating that the training achievements of rural areas are weak, and this may lead to their further backlog. In the southern part of Western Hungary, due to the peculiarities of the economic and settlement structure, area with no training centers was formed. Over time, the problems will also appear in other social and economic indicators, which may require the organization of major catch-up programs.
Integrated Regional Zoning for the Purposes of State Cadastral Evaluation
Authors:   Regional Bureau of Technical Inventory, Berdnikova Valentina
Published: September 2021

The article analyses the issue of development a methodology for the effective evaluation zoning of rural and urban land for tax purposes. The final result of such zoning was a set of municipalities in the region, for which the factors in price formation are established and unified models for the cadastral value calculation are applied. The analysis of existing methods showed that zoning may be based on the average specific market price of a typical object of evaluation per 1 sq. m., the size of municipalities. The interpolation method of weighted inverse distances can also be applied. Consequently, it was found that the well-known grouping methods can be conditionally divided into three types: expert (subjective), economic-statistical and cartographic zoning methods. The article suggests the author’s approach to the evaluation zoning, which consists in the analysis of factors of administrative and territorial division, forms of territorial development of cities, natural and climatic factors, economic, production and social factors. Using as the example Krasnodar Krai, the agglomeration core, coastal cities with a semicircular and striped structure, coastal small towns and rural municipalities along the Black and Azov Seas, municipal districts with an actively developing economy and a favorable investment climate, areas with a stable economic situation, moderately developing areas and areas with a difficult economic situation were identified. As a result of the evaluation zoning, eleven zones were identified, within the boundaries of which it is possible to analyze the situation on the real estate market, assess its dynamics and implement correlation and regression modeling.
Gender Differences in Creativity: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Nakano Tatiana de Cássia , Oliveira Karina da Silva , Zaia Priscila
Published: September 2021

Abstract In order to understand trends reported in research carried out about gender differences in creativity, a systematic review of the scientific literature on the electronic databases Scielo, Pepsic, CAPES Periodicals, Academic Search Premier, Academic Search Elite, Redalyc, and MEDLINE Complete was held. The 133 publications analysis showed that the articles were published between 1975 and 2020, most of them of international origin (82.71%). Most studies reported gender differences, with 45.20% in favor of women. Another 23.28% in favor of men, and 31.50%, oscillating according to the content evaluated. There was no consensus on the issue since inconsistent results were found, sometimes indicating the predominance of better results achieved by women, sometimes by men, in the same measures. This finding reinforces the importance that studies of this nature consider the influence of other factors, such as attitudes, motivation, opportunities, and the type of measure used to establish more accurate results.
A caminho do Araguaia: três trajetórias militantes
Authors: Pannain Rafaela N.
Published: September 2021

Resumo Este artigo analisa as trajetórias militantes de Maurício Grabois, Elza Monnerat e João Amazonas, membros do Partido Comunista do Brasil enviados à região do Araguaia para organizar um movimento armado contra a ditadura civil-militar instaurada com o golpe de 1964. O objetivo é apreender o processo de construção do sentido de um engajamento político que implicava em alto risco para os militantes. Em diálogo com a literatura sobre movimentos sociais, são analisadas a disponibilidade biográfica dos agentes, sua identificação ideológica com o movimento, suas redes sociais e o impacto da repressão estatal. Mais velhos do que a média da esquerda armada do período, esses militantes compartilhavam uma longa trajetória no partido comunista, durante a qual as predisposições criadas com a socialização militante foram corroboradas por mudanças no contexto político nacional e internacional, experiências coletivas e individuais de perseguição, clandestinidade, prisão e pelas mudanças ocorridas no interior da sua organização.◊