bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vitro anti-Leishmania activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline and its synergistic effect with amphotericin B deoxycholate against Leishmania martiniquensis
Authors: Chanmol Wetpisit , Siriyasatien Padet , Intakhan Nuchpicha
Published: January 2022

Leishmania (Mundinia) martiniquensis is responsible for visceral leishmaniasis in patients with no known underlying immunodeficiency, and visceral or disseminated cutaneous leishmaniasis in HIV-infected patients. The available anti-Leishmania drugs for treatment have limitations such as high toxicity and variable efficacy. To improve the therapeutic index of anti-Leishmania drugs, the search for a new drug or a new natural compound in combination therapy instead of using monotherapy to reduce drug side effect and have high efficacy is required. In this study, anti-Leishmania activity of 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQN) and its synergistic effect with amphotericin B (AmB) against L. martiniquensis were evaluated in vitro for the first time. These results showed that 8HQN presented anti-Leishmania activity against L. martiniquensis with IC50 1.60 ± 0.28 and 1.56 ± 0.02 µg/mL for promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, respectively. The selectivity index (SI) value of 8HQN was 79.84 for promastigotes and 82.40 for intracellular amastigotes, which highlight promising results for the use of 8HQN in the treatment of L. martiniquensis-infected host cells. Interestingly, four combinations of 8HQN and AmB provided synergistic effects for intracellular amastigotes and showed no toxic effects to host cells. These results provided information of using a combination therapy in treating this Leishmania species leads to further development of therapy and can be considered as an alternative treatment for leishmaniasis.
Functional genetic variants in complement component 7 confer susceptibility to gastric cancer
Authors: Wang Siyue , Hu Wenqian , Xie Yuning , Wu Hongjiao , Jia Zhenxian , Zhang Zhi , Zhang Xuemei
Published: January 2022

Background

Complement system plays an important role in innate immunity which involved in the changes tumor immune microenvironment by mediating the inflammatory response. This study aims to explore the relationship between complement component 7 (C7) polymorphisms and the risk of gastric cancer (GC).

Materials and Methods

All selected SNPs of C7 were genotyped in 471 patients and 471 controls using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by unconditional Logistic regression to analyze the relationship between each genotype and the genetic susceptibility to gastric cancer. The level of C7 expression in GC was analyzed by Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and detected by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Kaplan–Meier plotter were used to reveal C7 of prognostic value in GC. We examined SNPs associated with the expression of C7 using the GTEx database. The effect of C7 polymorphisms on the regulatory activity of C7 was detected by luciferase reporter assay.

Results

Unconditional logistic regression showed that individuals with C7 rs1376178 AA or CA genotype had a higher risk of GC with OR (95% CI) of 2.09 (1.43–3.03) and 1.88 (1.35–2.63), respectively. For C7 rs1061429 C > A polymorphism, AA genotype was associated with the elevated risk for developing gastric cancer (OR = 2.16, 95% CI [1.37–3.38]). In stratified analysis, C7 rs1376178 AA genotype increased the risk of GC among males (OR = 2.88, 95% CI [1.81–4.58]), but not among females (OR = 1.06, 95% CI [0.55–2.06]). Individuals carrying rs1061429 AA significantly increased the risk of gastric cancer among youngers (OR = 2.84, 95% CI [1.39–5.80]) and non-smokers (OR = 2.79, 95% CI [1.63–4.77]). C7 was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues and serum of cancer patients and was significantly associated with the prognosis. C7 rs1061429 C > A variant contributed to reduced protein level of C7 (P = 0.029), but rs1376178 didn’t. Luciferase reporter assay showed that rs1376178C-containing plasmid exhibited 2.86-fold higher luciferase activity than rs1376178 A-containing plasmid (P < 0.001). We also found that rs1061429A allele contributed 1.34-fold increased luciferase activity than rs1061429C allele when co-transfected with miR-591 (P = 0.0012).

Conclusions

These findings highlight the role of C7 in the development of gastric cancer.
Adult Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect with Aortic Regurgitation: A Case Report
Authors: Das Debasish , Acharya Debasis , Gupta Jaideep Das , Pramanik Subhas
Published: January 2022

Supracristal Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) develops Aortic Regurgitation (AR) with the passage of time due to prolapse of the right coronary cusp. It brings clinical attention in early child hood with an incidental continuous murmur, recurrent respiratory tract infection of failure to thrive. This report is about a rare case of 52-year-old female who presented with increased fatiguability since the last six months. Clinical examination revealed the presence of cardiomegaly with holosystolic-diastolic murmur in Left Upper Sternal Border (LUSB). Echocardiography revealed the presence of supracristal VSD with moderate AR without prolapsing aortic leaflet or dilatation of aortic sinus. In view of presence of moderate AR, the patient was advised to be on Angiotensin Receptor Blocker (ARB) with regular follow-up to monitor the progression of AR. Such a late index presentation of supracristal VSD with moderate AR in fifth decade of life has not been described in literature so far. To conclude, nature retards the natural history with bless in disguise.
Queries and Satisfaction in Telemedicine Counselling for COVID-19 in West Bengal, India
Authors: Mondal Soumitra , Bhattacharya Saikat
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Telemedicine counselling service for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has an immense importance in India. Hard to reach rural areas have more skewed ratio and due to mandatory quarantine during COVID-19, availing physical consultation from doctors has become more difficult. Aim: To find out the queries of the callers in COVID-19 support cell and their satisfaction of this service. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research (IPGMER), Kolkata in May 2021. Total 152 participants were included in the study. Data were collected by telephonic interview using a pre designed pretested interview guide. Queries of the callers to the telemedicine centre were recorded along with their demographics. Satisfaction was measured on a scale of 0-10. Results: Mean age of the patients were 44.5±17.05 years; 114 (75%) callers were male and 93 (61.2%) were from rural areas of West Bengal. There were 78 (51.3%) callers who were repeat callers. The most common query {90 (59.21%)} was “when positive patients would undertake next Rapid Antigen Test (RAT)/Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) test to find out whether they were negative.” The mean satisfaction score was 6.29. Conclusion: Telemedicine services were availed by many callers from rural area. The support cell responded to queries like what drugs to be taken and home isolation duration. Majority of the callers felt satisfied after consultation, thus, indicating effective role of teleconsultation.
Australian chiropractic and osteopathic graduates' perceptions of readiness for transition to practice
Authors: Haworth Navine G. , Horstmanshof Louise , Moore Keri M.
Published: January 2022

Objective

This is the second phase of a project. The aim was to explore Australian chiropractic and osteopathic new graduates' readiness for transition to practice concerning their clinical skills, professional behaviors, and interprofessional abilities. Phase 1 explored final year students' self-perceptions, and this part uncovered their opinions after 6 months or more in practice.

Methods

Interviews were conducted with a self-selecting sample of phase 1 participant graduates from 2 Australian chiropractic and 2 osteopathic programs. Results of the thematic content analysis of responses were compared to the Australian Chiropractic Standards and Osteopathic Capabilities, the authority documents at the time of the study.

Results

Interviews from graduates of 2 chiropractic courses (n = 6) and 2 osteopathic courses (n = 8) revealed that the majority had positive comments about their readiness for practice. Most were satisfied with their level of clinical skills, verbal communication skills, and manual therapy skills. Gaps in competence were identified in written communications such as case notes and referrals to enable interprofessional practice, understanding of professional behaviors, and business skills. These identified gaps suggest that these graduates are not fully cognizant of what it means to manage their business practices in a manner expected of a health professional.

Conclusion

This small study into clinical training for chiropractic and osteopathy suggests that graduates lack some necessary skills and that it is possible that the ideals and goals for clinical education, to prepare for the transition to practice, may not be fully realized or deliver all the desired prerequisites for graduate practice.
Physicochemical, Anti-Oxidant and Sensory Characteristics of Spiced Jam from Blends of Selected Tropical Fruits
Authors: Adeoti O. A. , Alabi A. O. , Elutilo O. O.
Published: January 2022

Jams are preserved fruits and sugars which are packaged in cans or bottles for long-term preservation. The processing involves the disruption of the fruit tissue followed by heating with water and sugar to activate the pectin prior being put into containers. Jams were processed from two selected tropical fruits namely, pineapple and watermelon. The jam produced was spiced with ginger and turmeric at 5% level using a standard methods. The treatments are WA (watermelon 100%), WAG (watermelon 95% + ginger 5%), WAT (Watermelon 95% + turmeric 5%), WAGT (watermelon 95% + ginger 5% + turmeric 5%), PI (pineapple 100%), PIG (pineapple 95 % + ginger 5%), PIT (pineapple 95% + turmeric 5%) and PIGT (pineapple 95% + ginger 5% + 5% turmeric). The proximate, physiochemical, antioxidant, total phenolic, color and sensory characteristics of the spiced jams were determined using standard analytical procedures. The proximate result showed that the moisture content of the samples ranged from 3.61-20.55% for Watermelon jam (WA) and reference sample (CNTP); protein 0.50-5.16% for (CNTP) and watermelon-ginger jam (WAG); fat and ash contents were 0.21-2.55% and 0.38-1.53% for (CNTP) and pineapple jam (PI) respectively. The pH of the spiced jam ranged from 3.10-3.40 for (CNTP) and (WAG) while the sugar brix ranged from 69.80-79.50° brix. The titratable acidity of the samples ranged from 1.03-1.06 g/ml for pineapple-turmeric jam (PIT) and (CNTP).The TSS/TTA ratio was 52.88 and 5.39 for (CNTP) and (WA) respectively. The antioxidant properties of the sample ranged between 31.39-50.67% for (WA) and (PIG). Total phenolic content was 0.14-0.25 MM GAE/ 100 ml for watermelon jam (WA) and (PIT). The L*, a* and b* values for the samples ranged from 23.23-33.16, 1.05-6.69 and 3.35-13.55. The result for sensory scores of the spiced jams ranged from 5.66-7.98 and 6.20-7.88 for color and taste respectively while the mouth feel was 5.05-7.46. The overall acceptability scores ranged from 6.40-7.90. Conclusively, pineapple and watermelon jams spiced with ginger and turmeric were nutritious and acceptable, however, pineapple-ginger jam was most nutritious and acceptable, hence, pineapple-ginger jam can be utilized as a functional food and can also contribute to the improvement of Nigeria food composition database.
Assessment of Rural Women Agro Processing Activities in Improving Household Food Security in the Southern Guinea Savannah Agro-ecological Zone of Nigeria
Authors: Christiana O. N. , Folorunso S. T. , James F. E. , Ed-Idoko J. O.
Published: January 2022

The study assessed rural women involved in agro-processing activities to improve household food security. Four hundred and twenty rural women, out of four hundred and sixty questionnaires distributed who were engaged in agro-processing activities served as respondents to this study. A well-structured questionnaire, was used in the collection of primary data. Secondary data were collected from journals and articles. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentage as well as factor analysis. The hypothesis of the study was tested using Spearman Rank Correlation. This result revealed that Majority (72.17%) of the respondents were married. The major occupation among respondents was farming (71.30%). The household size of majority (52.17%) of the respondents was between 6 and 10, and 54.78% had a moderate level of involvement in agro processing activities. Respondents had level of food security (48.79%). The result of socioeconomic characteristics of the respondents revealed that involvement in agro processing activities enhanced the annual income of majority of the respondents. Transportation, capital availability, farm resources and source of information were major constraints. The study concluded that rural women, who were involved in agro processing activities improved the level of food security. The study recommends the provision of loan opportunities to farmers for agricultural process, proper distribution of capital, adequate reimbursement and monitoring for extension agents, creation of markets that are proximal to farm sites, provision of farm resources such as seeds, fertilizers, and processing equipment, with good medical centres made available.
Problems Faced by Vegetable Growers in District Budgam, J&K
Authors: Iqbal Badar , Ahmad Mushtaq , Bhat Raies A. , Ahmad Ahngar Tanveer , Beigh M. A. , Saraf S. A. , Maqbool Showket , Akhter Farida , . Badrudurez , Rashid Zahida , Wani M. A. , Khan S. H. , Gani G. , Kethavath Naresh , Rashid Majid
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to determine the problems faced by the vegetable growers in District Budgam. Data was collected from 250 respondents of ten villages. A structured schedule listing almost all possible problems was framed to know the extent of problems they face. Ranking was done on the basis of maximum percentage. Majority of the growers about 96.8% reported non availability of labour at the time of harvesting, followed by 91.2% of the growers which reported that markets were distantly located and so on.
Structure of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Assemblages in Azagny Channel (Côte d’Ivoire)
Authors: Konan Yao Aristide , Coulibaly Bakary , Kamelan Tanoh Marius , Koné Touplé Sibiri , Lozo Roméo N’guessan , Etilé Raphaël N’doua , Kouamelan Essecthi Paul
Published: January 2022

The Azagny Channel is an estuarine ecosystem connecting Ebrié Lagoon to Bandama River estuary and it is adjacent to Azagny National Park. The aim of this study was to provide the first data on diversity and structure of macroinvertebrates in this estuarine area. Physicochemical parameters were measured monthly in three sampling stations S1, S2 and S3, and the benthic Macroinvertebrates was collected using a Van Veen grab. A total of 28 taxa distributed among 20 families and 11 orders belonging to Annelida, Mollusca, Crustacean and Insecta were collected. The taxonomic richness and diversity were higher in S1 compared to S2 and S3, probably due to its proximity to Bandama estuary. The relative abundance revealed that mollusks represented mainly by Pachymelania aurita (16.04%), P. fusca (15.83%), Anodonta anatina (13.02%) dominated the species assemblage; followed by crustaceans with Macrobrachium vollenhovenii (31.87%) and Potamon sp. (5.01%). Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that the main factors that influenced macroinvertebrates distribution in Azagny Channel were conductivity, salinity and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS). There is a strong correlation between these three abiotic factors and their influence on species assemblage would be linked to proximity of study area to Atlantic Ocean. These findings provide valuable information that can be used to establish biotic indices to monitor the water quality of Azagny Channel.
Streptozotocin-induced Antidiabetic Activity of Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia and Vitex parviflora Combined Phytosomal Formulation
Authors: Ojha Dharmendra Kumar , Jain Alok Pal
Published: January 2022

Multifactorial metabolic diseases, for instance diabetes develop several complications like hyperlipidemia, hepatic toxicity, immunodeficiency etc., Hence, instead of mono-drug therapy the management of the disease requires the combination of herbs. Marketed herbal drugs comprise of irrational combinations, which makes their quality control more difficult. Phytoconstituents, despite having excellent bioactivity in vitro demonstrate less or no in vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility, resulting in high therapeutic dose regimen; phospholipids encapsulation can overcome this problem. Hence, present study was designed to develop a phospholipids encapsulated polyherbal antidiabetic formulation. The prepared Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia and Vitex parviflora leaves extract and phytosomal formulation were studied for the acute oral toxicity and anti-diabetic activity against streptozotocin-induced rat’s model. The antidiabetic activity was compared with control group, the standard drug Glibenclamide (500 mcg/kg /po), leaves extracts and its phytosome formulation (100 and 200 mg/kg/po). Acute toxicity studies show no mortality and morbidity up to the dose 2000mg/kg of body weight. In this study, body weight, serum glucose levels, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL, LDL, and total protein were measured. The results showed that there was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the serum glucose levels, cholesterol, total protein, LDL and triglyceride levels in diabetic rats when compared to the normal (control) rats and increase the level of HDL and body wt. Further the research proves that phytosome formulation is superior in controlling blood sugar than Vitex negundo, Vitex trifolia and Vitex parviflora leaves extract.
To Assess the Effectiveness of Video Assisted Teaching Programme on Knowledge Regarding Prevention of COVID-19 among Antenatal Mother
Authors: Moon Shalini H. , Pada Biswas Anupriya Krishna , Prakashrao Bombale Maheshwari , Shradrao Bhalkar Shubhangi , Vijayrao Bhokre Sai , Devendra K. Pahune
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Since the year 2019, COVID-19 (Corona Virus Disease 2019) has sparked numerous discussions and rumours. Undoubtedly, the core foundation of health care system has been shattered due to the absence of any specific treatments. Hence, this research study is selected and will be carried out to prevent the pandemic by providing knowledge through video assisted teachings to the antenatal mothers.

Aim: To assess the effectiveness of video assisted teaching programme on knowledge regarding prevention of COVID-19 among antenatal mothers in selected maternity hospitals.

Methodology: This study will be based on a Quantitative research approach along with the use of non-probability convenient sampling technique. The sample population will consist of 400 antenatal mothers from selected maternity hospital. Lesson plan and structured questionnaires will contribute to the context of V.A.T.P.

Expected Result: The study should be able to depict the positive effect of video-assisted teaching programme on prevention of COVID-19 among antenatal mothers from selected maternity hospitals, along with studying the association of their knowledge score to the respective demographic variables.

Conclusion: Video-assisted teaching programme should be effective method for delivering health education at all times and final conclusion will be drawn from the ultimate results of the statistical review.
Prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Patients with Chronic Dyspeptic Symptoms at Rawal General and Dental Hospital, Islamabad
Authors: Abbasi Anwar Hussain , Andaleeb Hina , Alam Beenish Batool , Ahmed Khawaja Ashfaq , Yousuf Nadeem , Sajjad Subaika Noreen
Published: January 2022

Background: Helicobacter Pylori infection is the most common cause of chronic dyspeptic symptoms all over the world and covers more than 60% of the out-patient department’s (OPD) registry. That is why we aimed to conduct this study to determine the prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in patients with chronic dyspeptic symptoms visiting at our out-patient department (OPD) of Rawal General and Dental Hospital.

Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional hospital based study conducted in the Department of Gastroenterology, Rawal General and Dental Hospital, Islamabad between the periods of two years June 2018 – June 2020 with in patients who presented with a chief complain of dyspepsia through a consecutive sampling technique. Baseline and clinical variables were collected and correlated with the presence and absence of H. pylori infection among 355 finally recruited participants.

Results: The overall prevalence of H. pylori infection was 59.71% (n = 212). Among them, married males were more common. Positive H. pylori patients were younger than negative H. pylori patients, 40.24±6.62 vs. 44.9±8.05 (p 0.04). Participants who had a history of NSAIDS intake for past 7 days were significantly associated with positive H. pylori infection, 54.24% (n = 115), p 0.02. While on the other hands, patients who were receiving proton pump inhibitor for the past 4 weeks were significantly associated with absence of H. pylori infection when they presented with chronic dyspeptic symptoms, 65.03% (n = 93), p 0.01.

Conclusions: Our study has found that almost two third of the population suffering from chronic dyspeptic symptoms had positive H. pylori infection and these patients are younger than H. pylori negatives. Chronic NSAID users have direct relation in increased prevalence of H. pylori detection while use of PPI plays safety role in prevention and reducing of H. pylori infection.
Comparative Clinicopathological Study on pH and Haemoglobin of Blood
Authors: Vikraman K. S. , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R.
Published: January 2022

Aim: Aim of this study to compare the pH and hemoglobin of blood on different genders and different age groups.

Introduction: The full form of pH is the potential of hydrogen, pH is known as the negative logarithm of H+ ion concentration. The pH of any components of body, including blood, is indicated on the pH scale. The value of pH ranges from 0 to 14. A pH value of 7.0 is considered as neutral. Blood is slightly basic; the normal pH level of blood is 7.35 to 7.45. Usually, the body maintains the pH of blood close to 7.40. Hemoglobin is a protein molecule that helps the RBC to transport oxygen. The term heme reforms to the iron-containing porphyrin. This iron-containing hemoglobin is responsible for the red color of the red blood cells.

Materials and Methods: 15 blood samples were collected from the lab in Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. The low sample size is one of the limitations. The pH value is measured by using a multi reagent strip, hemoglobin level was measured by using an automated counter machine, and these values were plotted. The pH value was tabulated and the data were analyzed with SPSS version (23.0).

Results: Mean hemoglobin value was observed different in different age group. In age groups of 21-30 years, the value was 12.95g/dl, in age groups 31-40 years the value was 12.08g/dl, in age groups of 41 to 50 years the value is 13.20g/dl and for age group more than 50 years the value is 14.05g/dl.  Mean pH value on comparing with age, the value of pH was 7 for the age group of 21-30 years, 31-40 years was 7, 41 to 50 years was 7.04 and for more than 50 years was 7. Correlation analysis reveals no significant relationship between hemoglobin and pH with increasing age in both males and females. 

Conclusion: The value of hemoglobin is increased among different age groups and the pH level remains the same and on comparing with gender the hemoglobin level increases with age group and pH remains the same.
Factors Affecting Uptake of Vitamin D in Gastro-Intestinal Tract
Authors: Kumar Abhishek , Garg Swati , Shukla Samarth , Acharya Sourya , Vagha Sunita
Published: January 2022

Vitamin D deficiency affects about 50% of entire people. Vitamin D deficiency affects an estimated 100 million individuals worldwide, spanning all cultures and age groups. This catastrophic situation of vitamin D deficiency can mainly be attributed to lifestyle and the average impact that cuts down exposure to rays from the sun. It is required for the epithelium to produce vitamin D with the help of ultraviolet B (UVB). In comparison to fair-skinned people, dark-skinned people absorb a larger quantity of UVB in their epidermal melanin. Fairer folks require more solar exposition to get the same amount.

The increased cases of vitamin D deficiency is a significant prevalent ailment caused by vitamin D deficiency. It is a self-governing, deadly cause of widespread mortality worldwide. New research supports hypovitaminosis D as a cause of neoplastic, cardiac, orthopedic, immunological, NIDDM, and mental disorders. Vitamin D doses are usually compounded to a minimum of 1000 IU by physicians. According to a 2007 study, a high vitamin D intake decreases mortality risk. We've focused on vitamin D research and abstracted the mechanisms that have been linked to vitamin D and its therapeutic implications.

Vitamin D is unique in that it may be produced from the epidermis in reaction to UV radiation. AFTER IRRADIATING THE ERGOSTEROL TO UV LIGHT, Vitamin D2 is produced in sun-irradiated fungus. When UVB sunlight strikes the epidermis, vitamin D3 is produced. It's the most "natural" recipe possible. Humans produce vitamin D2. Vitamin D3 is produced mainly by oil-rich fish. Chylomicrons are generated when vitamin D is taken orally.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Hemimandibulectomy Case by Non-Surgical Approach- A Case Report
Authors: Vaz Mirella , Joshi Mridula , Ghadage Mahesh , Daphale Gunjan
Published: January 2022

Hemimandibulectomy can have several consequences such as disoriented masticatory cycle, eccentric occlusion, distorted speech and facial disfigurement depending on the severity of the defect. It is challenging for the prosthodontist to rehabilitate the patients in whom osseous reconstruction has not been carried out. This clinical report describes the Prosthetic management of a patient who had undergone hemimandibulectomy due to moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma involving left buccal mucosa, gingivobuccal sulcus and retromolar trigone. A non- surgical approach was carried out to rehabilitate this patient, which included the fabrication of a maxillary guide flange prosthesis for correction of the frontal plane rotation and a twin occlusion prosthesis for ease of mastication. The appearance of the patient was improved drastically by the fabrication of an extraoral prosthesis.
A review on Ocular Tuberculosis: Epidemiology, Clinical Features and Treatment
Authors: Singh Rakshit Kumar , Bewtra Chehak , Kher Praveena
Published: January 2022

Background: globalization and migration movements are intimately linked to the expansion of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis has also been the primary cause of death in patients with HIV infection and the leading cause of death related to antibiotic resistance. Tuberculosis may affect any part of the uveal tract. T cell activity is of significance in Tuberculous infection. The phagocytosis of bazillion by macrophage is a significant factor in limiting the spread of infection. However, in patients who have had a previous tuberculous infection, the cell-mediated response is also associated with tissue damage due to the direct effect of sensitized T lymphocytes on the cell containing the ingested bacilli. Ocular tuberculosis is extrapulmonary tuberculosis with a wide range of symptoms. Tuberculosis is considered to infect the lungs of the patients in 80% of cases, and 20% of cases affect other organs like the eye. Ocular tuberculosis is an infectious disease with bacterial etiology that has a chronic case with a poor prognosis. Even the most effective treatment can cause vision loss, and clinical recovery is not always permanent. Ocular tuberculosis frequently results in permanent impairment, lowering patients' quality of life.

Objective: This article reports the various known presentations of ocular TB and reviews essential epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment elements.

Methodology: The present study is a systematic review of literature searched from electronic databases and highly reputed websites like PubMed, researchgate, Elsevier, etc. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and the trial registry in the English language.

Conclusion: Ocular tuberculosis (OTB) diagnosis and treatment are difficult to come by. The disease's current uncertainty is due to mixed ocular tissue involvement, a lack of consensus on best practice diagnostic tests, and global variations in medical management. The present evaluation intends to provide an update on OTB's recent progress.
Post Mastectomy and Radiation Therapy - Complex Regional Pain Syndrome -A Case Report
Authors: Tople Jeshnu Prakash , Krishnendu S.
Published: January 2022

Complex regional pain syndrome which is a rare syndrome following an injury or trauma, is an extremely painful condition. Diagnosis of this condition is not easy. They present with various symptoms like allodynia, hyperalgesia, asymmetry of temperature and sweating ,restricted range of motion. Identifying and treating this condition at earlier stage is important. There are different treatment options like pharmacological (NSAIDs, Anticonvulsants, Antidepressants, neuromodulators) and interventional techniques like Stellate ganglion block, Thoracic Sympathetic Ganglion block, Lumbar sympathetic block, Neurostimulation.

In this case report we present a case of 52 year old female post mastectomy and radiation therapy developing CRPS of left upper limb, which was diagnosed and managed successfully with diagnostic thoracic sympathetic ganglion block followed by therapeutic radiofrequency ablation.
Autologous Intrauterine Platelet Rich Plasma Versus G-CSF instillation for Improvement of Endometrial Growth and Vascularity in Recurrent in Vitro Fertilization Failure
Authors: Deo Asawari , Shrivastava Deepti , Chadha Arzoo
Published: January 2022

Background: in vitro fertilization [IVF] is an expensive, cumbersome yet most successful treatment for infertility. Inspite of its success, at the most 40% of the procedure only result in good outcome. Often at times which can be very frustrating and disappointing journey for the couple as well as the clinicians who despite of strict adherence to treatment protocols fail to produce result, it is mostly attributed to implantation failure, which is mostly due to poor receptivity of the endometrium. Several treatments ranging from chinese acupuncture to hormones to endometrial injury all have been treat with not definitive treatment. Autologous platelet rich plasma (PRP) and G-CSF have come up to be exciting new therapy in that aspect. In neutrophilic granulocytes, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) has been shown to increase endometrial development and receptivity, whilst G-CSF has been shown to promote the growth of stem cells and progenitor cells. This study offers an intriguing perspective on the two medications in comparison.

Materials and Methods: It is a prospective ,cross-sectional, single blind study, conducted over a period of 6 months in 25 women who had failed to conceive after one or more embryo transfers with high-quality embryoswomen having a poor endometrial pattern, as defined by an endometrial thickness of less than 7mm despite conventional treatment with estradiol valerate (up to 12 mg/day), or suboptimal endometrial vascularity, defined as < zone 2 as determined by applebaum's criteria, success of which was measured in number of clinical pregnancies resulted.

Results: The mean PRP endometrial thickness was 5 mm which significantly increased to 7.34 mm post platelet rich plasma, against post-G-CSF endometrial thickness was 8.02 mm from 6.03mm pre infusion. Out of 10 cases who were infused with PRP,7 of them showed good vascularity (more than or equal to zone 3)out of 10 of those were given G-CSF,5 of them showed good vascularity. Number of clinical pregnancies resulted after instillation of PRP were 4 while 3 in case of G-CSF group.

Conclusion: It can be concluded that although both PRP and G-CSF are equally effective in increasing endometrial thickness but endometrial vascularity is better inproved with platelet rich plasma, clinical pregnancy rates were also better with PRP but being a small sample study it was not significant statistically.
Non-reporting of Medication Administration Errors among Nurses in Qatar
Authors: Hassan Nesiya , Singh Rajvir , George Rinu J.
Published: January 2022

Background: Prompt recognition and reporting of Medication Administration Errors (MAE) are paramount in ensuring patient safety in hospitals. The data on under-reporting MAE in Middle East Area is limited.

Aim: The study intended to estimate the percentage of fear factor and explore the perception of nursing professionals regarding the reason for the occurrence and underreporting of MAE.

Design: A cross-sectional design was utilized to conduct the current study.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in eight hospitals working under Public health sector of Qatar between August and September 2016 

Methodology: The data were collected with a purposive sample of 487 clinical nurses employed by the public health sector of Qatar who responded to a pre-designed online questionnaire.

Results: The perceived prevalence of fear factor in non-reporting MAE was 23.45%, 95% confidence interval (C.I).: 16% to 33%. The single factor confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) model explained 65% of the variance in the fear factor of nonreporting of medication administration errors. The highest mean score in the subscale of reasons for non-reporting of MAEs includes fear (mean 0.652±1.671) and administrative responses (mean 0.304±1.466), and reporting processes (mean -0.505±1.669), whereas disagreement over hospital definition (mean -1.158±1.528) of error was the least significant reason for nonreporting of MAE by the clinical nurses.

Conclusion: The study focuses on quantifying the fear factor and underscores the Nurses' fear about the professional consequences of reporting MAE. The findings in this study not only provide evidence concerning the fear of reporting MAE but also shed light on the contributing factors and reasons for the nonreporting of MAE. Nursing leadership needs to concentrate on modifying existing strategies and policies to more comprehensible approaches to reporting errors.
Assessment and Management Pattern of Chemotherapeutic Drug Induced Adverse Effects among Cancer Patients at Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Fatmi Syed Meraj , Dhar Kavita , Sharma Jyotsna , Dutta Shaktibala
Published: January 2022

Aim and Objective: Cancer chemotherapy drugs causes substantial toxicity and produces number of adverse effects which can significantly reduce patient's health related quality of life. The aim of this study was to perform the assessment and explore the management practice of chemotherapy induced side effects among cancer patients.

Material and Methods: Demographic characteristics of patient undergone cancer chemotherapy and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) of chemotherapeutic drugs were noted in patient's case report form. Assessments of ADRs were performed for Severity, Causality and Preventability of each ADR. Association between occurrence of severe ADRs and patient' characteristics were studied using chi square statistics. Frequencies of ameliorative therapy were studied in each patient.

Results: 120 patients were selected and included in the study and a total of 412 ADRs were detected after cancer chemotherapy. Majority (60%) of the participant were female. Most common cancer was found as breast cancer (23%). Commonly used chemotherapy regimens were combination of carboplatin and paclitaxel (14%). Upon severity assessment of ADR, more than one third categorized as "Severe" ADR (36.4%). Majority of the Severe ADR were alopecia and nausea & vomiting. Most of the ADRs (73%) on preventability assessment were found as Not-Preventable. There is a significant association between occurrence of severe ADRs and age, sex & chemotherapy regimen. Combination of palonosetron, dexamethasone and pantoprazole were used as ameliorative therapy (43.3%).

Conclusion: Cancer chemotherapy drugs produce numerous adverse effects. Assessment of severity of ADRs and associated triggering factor may support in management practice of side effects.
A γ‐glutamyl hydrolase lacking the signal peptide confers susceptibility to folates/antifolates in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells
Authors: Wang Shuxuan , Chen Yao , Fang Houshun , Xu Yan , Ding Ming , Ma Chunshuang , Lin Yanyan , Cui Zhiyan , Sun Huiying , Niu Qun , Sun Shuzhang , Zhou Bin‐Bing S. , Xiao Ning , Li Hui
Published: January 2022

A key cofactor of several enzymes implicated in DNA synthesis, repair, and methylation, folate has been shown to be required for normal cell growth and replication and is the basis for cancer chemotherapy using antifolates. γ‐Glutamyl hydrolase (GGH) catalyzes the removal of γ‐polyglutamate tails of folylpoly‐/antifolylpoly‐γ‐glutamates to facilitate their export out of the cell, thereby maintaining metabolic homeostasis of folates or pharmacological efficacy of antifolates. However, the factors that control or modulate GGH function are not well understood. In this study, we show that intact GGH is not indispensable for the chemosensitivity and growth of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells, whereas GGH lacking N‐terminal signal peptide (GGH−ΔN) confers the significant drug resistance of ALL cells to the antifolates MTX and RTX. In addition, ALL cells harboring GGH−ΔN show high susceptibility to the change in folates, and glycosylation is not responsible for these phenotypes elicited by GGH−ΔN. Mechanistically, the loss of signal peptide enhances intracellular retention of GGH and its lysosomal disposition. Our findings clearly define the in vivo role of GGH in ALL cells and indicate a novel modulation of the GGH function, suggesting new avenues for ALL treatment in future.
Anakinra treatment for refractory cerebral autoinflammatory responses
Authors: Jang Yoonhyuk , Lee Woo‐Jin , Lee Han Sang , Chu Kon , Lee Sang Kun , Lee Soon‐Tae
Published: January 2022

Refractory cerebral autoinflammatory–autoimmune diseases are often associated with dysregulated innate immunity and are targeted by anakinra, an interleukin‐1 receptor antagonist. We analyzed the therapeutic effect of anakinra in refractory cerebral autoinflammatory response (CAIR) at a single institution from January 2017 to May 2021. In total, 12 patients with various etiologies were sympathetically treated with anakinra (100 mg/day subcutaneously). Four patients showed good responses, and among these patients, three patients had pathologically demonstrated CAIR. The other eight patients were nonresponsive. No patient had a serious adverse effect. Thus, anakinra may be a therapeutic option for refractory cerebral autoinflammatory diseases.
Association of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Women
Authors: Hahn Jill , Malspeis Susan , Choi May Y. , Stevens Emma , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Lu Bing , Cui Jing , Yoshida Kazuki , Kubzansky Laura , Sparks Jeffrey A. , Costenbader Karen H.
Published: January 2022

Objective

To investigate whether a healthy lifestyle, defined by a healthy lifestyle index score (HLIS), was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, overall and with seropositive/seronegative subtypes.

Methods

We analyzed female nurses in the Nurses’ Health Study (NHS, 1986–2016) and NHSII (1991–2017). Lifestyle and medical information were collected on biennial questionnaires. Medical records confirmed incident RA and serostatus. The HLIS index includes 5 modifiable components: smoking, alcohol consumption, body mass index, physical activity, and diet. Cox regression, adjusted for confounders, modeled associations between HLIS and incident RA. The population attributable risk estimated the proportion of incident RA preventable if participants adopted ≥4 healthy lifestyle factors.

Results

A total of 1,219 incident RA cases (776 seropositive, 443 seronegative) developed in 4,467,751 person‐years. Higher (healthier) HLIS was associated with lower overall RA risk (hazard ratio [HR] 0.86 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.82–0.90]), seropositive RA risk (HR 0.85 [95% CI 0.80–0.91]), and seronegative RA risk (HR 0.87 [95% 0.80–0.94]). Women with 5 healthy lifestyle factors had the lowest risk (HR 0.42 [95% CI 0.22–0.80]). The population attributable risk for adhering to ≥4 lifestyle factors was 34% for RA.

Conclusion

In this prospective cohort, healthier lifestyle was associated with a lower RA risk. A substantial proportion of RA may be preventable by a healthy lifestyle.
Engineering Multifunctional Hydrogel‐Integrated 3D Printed Bioactive Prosthetic Interfaces for Osteoporotic Osseointegration
Authors: Li Zuhao , Zhao Yue , Wang Zhonghan , Ren Ming , Wang Xiangang , Liu He , Lin Quan , Wang Jincheng
Published: January 2022

3D printed porous titanium alloy implants is an advanced orthopedic material for joint replacement. However, the high risk of aseptic loosening and periprosthetic infection is difficult to avoid, and the declined autophagy of osteoporosis‐derived bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (OP‐BMSCs) further severely impairs the osseointegration under the osteoporotic circumstance. It is thus becoming urgently significant to develop orthopedic materials with autophagy regulation and antibacterial bioactivity. In this regard, a novel class of multifunctional hydrogel‐integrated 3D printed bioactive prosthetic interfaces is engineered for in situ osseointegration in osteoporosis. The hydrogel is fabricated from the dynamic crosslinking of synthetic polymers, natural polymers, and silver nanowires to deliver autophagy‐regulated rapamycin. Therefore, the resultant soft material exhibits antibacterial ability, biocompatibility, degradability, conductive, self‐healing, and stimuli‐responsive abilities. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the hydrogel‐integrated 3D printed bioactive prosthetic interfaces can restore the declined cellular activities of OP‐BMSCs by upregulating the autophagy level and show excellent antibacterial activity against S. aureus and MRSA. More remarkably, the multifunctional 3D printed bioactive prosthetic interfaces significantly improve osseointegration and inhibit infection in osteoporotic environment in vivo. This study provides an efficient strategy to develop novel prosthetic interfaces to reduce complications after arthroplasty for patients with osteoporosis.
A Fully Flexible Intelligent Thermal Touch Panel Based on Intrinsically Plastic Ag2S Semiconductor
Authors: Zhao Xue‐Feng , Yang Shi‐Qi , Wen Xiao‐Hong , Huang Qi‐Wei , Qiu Peng‐Fei , Wei Tian‐Ran , Zhang Hao , Wang Jia‐Cheng , Zhang David Wei , Shi Xun , Lu Hong‐Liang
Published: January 2022

Wearable touch panels, a typical flexible electronic device, can recognize and feed back the information of finger touch and movement. Excellent wearable touch panels are required to accurately and quickly monitor the signals of finger movement as well as the capacity of bearing various types of deformation. High‐performance thermistor materials are one of the key functional components, but to date, a long‐standing bottleneck is that inorganic semiconductors are typically brittle while the electrical properties of organic semiconductors are quite low. Herein, a high‐performance flexible temperature sensor is reported by using plastic Ag2S with ultrahigh temperature coefficient of resistance of −4.7% K−1 and resolution of 0.05 K, and rapid response/recovery time of 0.11/0.11 s. Moreover, the temperature sensor shows excellent durability without performance damage or loss during force stimuli tests. In addition, a fully flexible intelligent touch panel composed of a 16 × 10 Ag2S‐film‐based temperature sensor array, as well as a flexible printed circuit board and a deep‐learning algorithm is designed for perceiving finger touch signals in real‐time, and intelligent feedback of Chinese characters and letters on an app. These results strongly show that high‐performance flexible inorganic semiconductors can be widely used in flexible electronics.
Bistability, Remanence, Read/Write‐Memory, and Logic Gate Function via a Stimuli‐Responsive Polymer
Authors: Michalska‐Walkowiak Joanna , Förster Beate , Hauschild Stephan , Förster Stephan
Published: January 2022

Stimuli‐responsive materials change their state in response to external triggers. Switching between different states enables information to be written, stored, and read, if the transition between the states exhibits hysteresis. Thermally responsive polymers exhibit an intrinsic hysteresis for the volume phase transition between the swollen and de‐swollen solution state. Here, it is shown that this hysteresis can be used to realize bistability, remanence, and reversible write/read information storage. This is demonstrated for the simplest and most widely used thermoresponsive polymer, poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM), as well as for PNIPAM block copolymers, which widens the hysteresis window. The hysteresis is shown to be related to cluster domain assembly/disassembly during the phase transition. Information can be written thermally using a laser, or using heated or cooled pen tips on a thin‐film backscattering display. The bistable state can additionally be switched by pH, enabling an AND logic gate function. Furthermore, an unusual memory state is discovered, where information is visible in the hysteresis window and invisible at higher temperatures, allowing encoded information to be hidden. Since hysteresis is a very common intrinsic phenomenon for responsive materials, this principle to encode and store information is potentially applicable to a broad range of responsive materials.
Ultraviolet/Visible Quasicylindrical Waves on Semimetal Cd3As2 Nanoplates
Authors: Xue Zhaohang , Zheng Wenzhuang , Li Yaolong , Xue Mengfei , Hu Aiqin , Chen Junyan , Jia Shangtong , Tang Jinglin , Chen Jianing , Du Jinlong , Gao Peng , Ren Mengxin , Wang Shufeng , Liu Yunquan , Yang Hong , Liao Zhimin , Lu Guowei , Gong Qihuang
Published: January 2022

Resolving the photonic modes in real space is essential to understand the fundamental process and control of photonic behavior in optoelectric devices. However, the understanding of the photonic modes of semimetal Cd3As2 is still lacking. Herein, the quasicylindrical waves (QCW) on Cd3As2 nanoplates using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) are found out. The QCW is due to the optical field scattered by subwavelength indentations, with wavelength being the same as the incident light, and their amplitude decays as r−1/2 from the edges. The transverse magnetic (TM) mode dominates the observed QCW of Cd3As2 nanoplates, which is affected by the edge structure. In broadband from UV to visible, the QCWs on Cd3As2 nanoplates are observed. Further, nanostructures to achieve subwavelength focusing and interference lattice of the Cd3As2 optical QCW are achieved. These findings demonstrate the regulation of QCW, which benefits optimizing the optoelectronic performances of semimetal materials in the future.