bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Discrete Time Approach for Modeling Two-Factor Mean-Reverting Stochastic Processes
Authors: Hahn Warren J. , Dyer James S.
Published: July 2011

Two-factor stochastic processes have been developed to more accurately describe the intertemporal dynamics of variables such as commodity prices. In this paper we develop an approach for modeling these types of stochastic processes in discrete time as two-dimensional binomial sequences. This approach facilitates the numerical solution of dynamic optimization problems such as investment decision making under uncertainty and option valuation related to commodities. We implement this approach in a two-dimensional lattice format, apply it to two hypothetical valuation problems discussed by Schwartz and Smith, and compare the results to those from simulation- and dynamic-programming-based methods.
Dual activity of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 yielding positive and inverse associations with cardiometabolic risk
Authors: Onat Altan , Hergenç Gülay , Can Günay , Uğur Murat , Nartop Filiz
Published: July 2011

Background: The clinical relevance of serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in populations prone to cardiometabolic risk needs exploration. We determined major covariates of Lp-PLA2 mass, and its associations with cardiometabolic disorders.

Methods: In 736 Turkish adults, serum total Lp-PLA2 mass was determined by immunoassay. Its association with cardiometabolic risk was assessed in three categories. In a second sample of 98 subjects, enzyme protein in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was also assayed after precipitation.

Results: Significant inverse correlation existed with high triglyceride/low HDL cholesterol dyslipidemia, waist girth, apolipoprotein C-III, homeostatic model assessment, and linear inverse associations in women with lipoprotein (a) and fibrinogen, suggesting that Lp-PLA2 mass reflected insulin sensitivity and that HDL bound enzyme mass dominated the associations. Among men, positive linear association with total cholesterol suggested additional association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-bound enzyme. High (>450 ng/mL) opposed to low (<210 ng/mL) circulating Lp-PLA2 mass was associated with prevalent and incident coronary heart disease (CHD) in men. One SD increment in Lp-PLA2 was associated with a 1.64-fold (95% CI 1.00; 2.70) likelihood of CHD, after adjustment for potential confounders. Furthermore, Lp-PLA2 categories were significantly, independently and inversely associated in men with diabetes only (OR 0.61) and in women with metabolic syndrome only (OR 0.68), for a 1-SD increment.

Conclusions: Serum total Lp-PLA2 mass may indicate either elevated or diminished cardiometabolic risk, specific for gender, depending on its partitioning in lipoprotein groups.
WSO2 Stratos: An Application Stack to Support Cloud Computing
Authors: Azeez Afkham , Perera Srinath , Weerawarana Sanjiva , Fremantle Paul , Uthaiyashankar Selvaratnam , Abesinghe Samisa
Published: July 2011

Cloud computing has heralded many advantages including self-service, elasticity, pay as you go, improved accessibility to computation resources, and ease of deployment and deployment automation. However, to extend those advantages to a larger audience, higher-level abstractions such as Software as a Service (SaaS) or Platform as a Service (PaaS) are needed. This paper presents Stratos, which is a Platform-as-a-Service based around the principles and design of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA). Furthermore, we introduce the concept of Cloud Native attributes, which we argue are properties essential to extend the benefits of the underlying Cloud to PaaS and SaaS users. We present Stratos as a Cloud Native PaaS offering, discuss the architecture that enables Cloud Native attributes, and discuss scenarios where Stratos can be useful to the end user.
A Framework for Studying Cloud Value Systems
Authors: Leukel Jörg , Kirn Stefan
Published: July 2011

Cloud computing is about to change the way of delivering IT services to end users. Service providers are required to re-think both their value proposition and value creation processes. We present a framework for studying these cloud value systems. The framework is grounded on New Institutional Economics and provides means for describing, explaining, and designing cloud value systems.
Identifying and Mitigating Insider Threats
Authors: Probst Christian W.
Published: July 2011

Organisations face many threats that coarsely can be separated in inside threats and outside threats. Threats from insiders are especially hard to counter since insiders have special knowledge and privileges. Therefore, malicious insider actions are hard to distinguish from benign actions. After discussing new definitions of insiders and insider threats, this article gives an overview of how to mitigate insider threats and discusses conflicting goals when dealing with insider threats.
Conceptus-mediated endometrial vascular changes during early pregnancy in mares: an anatomic, histomorphometric, and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor system immunolocalization and gene expression study
Authors: Silva L A , Klein C , Ealy A D , Sharp D C
Published: July 2011

This work examined how the conceptus modulates endometrial tissue remodeling and vascular development prior to implantation in mares. A macroscopic uterine examination was completed at day 21 of pregnancy.In situmorphology revealed that the endometrium involved in encroachment is restricted to the dorsal endometrium immediately overlying the yolk sac. The amount of stromal area occupied by blood vessels and the number of endometrial glands were increased during early pregnancy. Endometrial histomorphometry as well as the endometrial mRNA abundance and immunolocalization of VEGF, VEGFR1, VEGFR2, and Ki-67 was completed at days 14 and 21 of pregnancy, at day 10 of the estrous cycle, and during estrus. No obvious differences in VEGF and VEGFR1 protein localization were detected between pregnant and cycling mares but differential staining pattern for VEGFR2 and Ki-67 was observed. VEGFR2 localized to luminal and glandular epithelium of pregnant mares, while luminal epithelium was negative in cycling mares. Ki-67 staining was weak during the luteal phase but exhibited prominent luminal epithelium staining during estrus. In pregnant mares, all endometrial layers were Ki-67 positive. Quantitative RT-PCR revealed a greater abundance ofVEGFmRNA during pregnancy.VEGFR2transcript abundance was greatest in pregnant mares on day 21. This study supports the concept that the conceptus plays an active role in directing vasculogenesis within the uterus and thereby establishing hemotrophic nutrition that supports pregnancy after implantation.
68.3: Achieving High Efficiency White Organic Light‐emitting Diodes based on Transient Electroluminescence Analysis
Authors: Lan Yi‐Hsin , Hsiao Chih‐Hung , Lee Jiun‐Haw
Published: July 2011

In this paper, High efficiency white organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs) have been analyzed not only through steady‐state characteristics but also transient measurement to understand the dynamics in OLEDs. After optimization, the quantum efficiency is reached to 12.88% at 1.04mA/cm2.
69.3: Spontaneously‐Formed Dual Groove Structure for Control of Azimuthal Anchoring and Pretilt in Liquid Crystal Alignment
Authors: Park Chang‐sub , Han Yeonjeong , Joo Kyung‐Il , Park Ji‐Sub , Park Min‐Kyu , Kang Shin‐Won , Kim Hak‐Rin
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we demonstrate a new surface patterning method for controlling the azimuthal anchoring energy and pretilt of liquid crystal alignment layer using topologically mixed surface patterns. In our method, the micro‐groove structure is spontaneously formed by the preparation, where the macro‐groove and micro‐groove surface pattern determine the surface pretilt and the azimuthal LC anchoring, respectively.
9.2: LTPS 5 Mask for 3.5″ WVGA Top Emission AMOLED Displays
Authors: Lee Iljeong , Im Choongyoul , Kim Youngdae , Kwon Dohyun , Kim Jongyun , Ko Moosoon , Yun Juwon , Yeo Jongmo , Im Jangsoon , Kim Sungchul
Published: July 2011

The world first LTPS 5 mask top emission active matrix organic light emitting diode AMOLED panel was fabricated by forming the data and the pixel in one step. Employing the coplanar structure of the pixel and the data line, we fabricated the 5 mask 3.5″ WVGA AMOLED successfully.
71‐1: Development of Micro‐Pixellated GaN LED Array Micro‐Display System
Authors: Sun Cheng‐Wei , Chao Chia‐Hsin , Chen Heng‐Yin , Chiu Yung‐Hsiang , Yeh Wen‐Yung , Wu Ming‐Hsien , Yen Hsi‐Hsuan , Liang Chao‐Chiun
Published: July 2011

This paper developed a micro‐pixellated GaN LED (μ‐LED) array micro‐display system. The μ‐LED array has the features of high luminance, small optical machine size, high collimation, and lost cost. A time‐separate driving method is proposed to drive the micro‐display system for releasing the LED over‐current and efficiency thermal degradation issues.
71.3: Flat‐Panel‐Display System Based on Interference Modulation for Both Intensity and Color
Authors: Ling Yuye , Gao Weilu , Ouyang Shihong , Liang Guoen , Su Yikai , Shieh Han‐Ping D.
Published: July 2011

A novel flat‐pane‐display based on interference modulation for both intensity and color is presented. The system has the potential to sextuple the optical efficiency of the current TFT‐LCD technology, and an improved configuration can achieve comparable display quality as that of TFT‐LCD, enabling it as a promising display solution to handheld devices.
72.4: Invited Paper: Novel Approaches for OLED Lighting
Authors: Freitag Patricia , Hofmann Simone , Furno Mauro , Rosenow Thomas C. , Reineke Sebastian , Lüssem Björn , Mogck Stefan , Wański Tomasz , May Christian , Leo Karl
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we discuss novel approaches for organic light‐emitting diode (OLED) lighting application. In particular, we discuss OLED deposited by vacuum deposition on flexible substrates such as plastic and metal foils. We discuss the specific challenges of OLED design for such substrates, in particular when top‐emitting structures are required. Furthermore, we discuss a novel vacuum roll‐to‐roll tool which is capable of depositing oligomer OLED with high efficiency.
P‐2: Cross‐talk Caused by Light Reflected on the Back‐face of the LCD Glass in an Auto‐stereoscopic Display Using the Field‐sequential Method and a Directional Backlight System
Authors: Hayashi Akinori , Sakai Akira , Kometani Tomohiro , Ito Hiroshi
Published: July 2011

Two prototypes of full‐panel resolution auto‐stereoscopic LCD have been developed [1]. One of them uses the field‐sequential (time‐sequential) method and a directional backlight system. This paper mainly describes optical cross‐talk factors of it and a fact that reflection on the back‐face of the LCD glass is the most significant one. This can be a problem in other auto‐stereoscopic LCDs with a structure similar to ours.
P‐4: Measurement and Analysis of a Novel Full‐Parallax Three Dimensional Display System
Authors: Peng Yifan , Li Haifeng , Li Shuai , Liu Xu
Published: July 2011

This paper provides some imaging performance measurements and analysis for a prototype‐equipment based on a novel full‐parallax 3D display system. The projection center offset and crosstalk situation are mainly analyzed. Imaging performance of this 3D display system can be improved according to the analysis with the minimum changes to the system structure.
P‐8: Analysis of Temperature Dependence of 3D Viewing Space for Autostereoscopic Displays
Authors: Wu Di , Sakamoto Michiaki , Shigemura Koji , Asada Hideki
Published: July 2011

For autostereoscopic displays with plastic optical films such as lenticular lenses, the 3D viewing space varies with the temperature. Through theoretical analysis and experiments, we find that their changes behave differently for the near objects and far objects. Taking this result into consideration, a novel temperature compensation system is proposed and is also verified.
P‐10: Design for AMOLED Display with an Improved Uniformity and a Smaller Bezel
Authors: Huh Jin , Wang Se‐Won , Cho Gyu‐Hyeong , Park Youngju , Kim Jungchul
Published: July 2011

A new pixel circuit and an integrated small sized scan driver for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diode (AMOLED) Display are proposed in this paper. It is found that the effective mobility reduction by the gate‐source voltage of the driving TFT (DTFT) increases the sampling error of threshold voltage (Vth) with shortened sampling time. To solve this problem, a new pixel circuit and a even & odd driving scheme to increase sampling time of Vth is proposed for AMOLED display operating at high frame frequency such as 120 Hz or 240 Hz. For more compact displays, a new small sized scan driver is also proposed to reduce an area of bezel. The proposed circuits are verified by simulations.
P‐15: Bias Stress Reliability for w/ and w/o Oxide‐passivated IGZO TFTs
Authors: Tu Chun‐Hao , Lin Wei‐Ting , Chen Chia‐Hsiang , Hung Ming‐Chin , Chang Jiun‐Jye , Chiang Ming‐Feng , Liao Wei‐lung
Published: July 2011

The behaviors of dynamic gate bias stress for Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide (IGZO) TFTs were investigated in this study. The device after storage represents a parasitic traneffect after positive gate bias stress. Furthermore, the stability of IGZO TFTs can be improved by adding passivation layer.
P‐17: Body Voltage Modulation for High Performance a‐IGZO TFT and its Application on New Inverter Structure
Authors: Zan Hsiao‐Wen , Chen Wei‐Tsung , Hsueh Hsiu‐Wen , Yeh Chun‐Cheng , Tsai Chuang‐Chuang , Meng Hsin‐Fei , Yeh Chia‐Chun , Shinn Ted‐Hong
Published: July 2011

We develop a new and simple method to adjust the threshold voltage of a‐IGZO TFT by capping different metals on device back channel. A threshold voltage shifts from −7.4V to +5.5V can be obtained. The field‐effect mobility is 2 to 3 times larger than the one before metal capping. An n‐type a‐IGZO inverter includes one enhancement‐mode TFT (capped by titanium) and one depletion‐mode TFT (capped by calcium/aluminum dual layer) is fabricated. The voltage gain is 38 when the bias voltage is 20 volts.
P‐20: Highly Stable Amorphous Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors with N2O Plasma Treatment
Authors: Yim Hoon , Kim Dae‐Hwan , Choi SeungChan , Choi Byung Gook , Lee Sul , Kim Sung Ki , Park Kwon‐Shik , Bae Jong‐Uk , Kim Chang‐Dong , Jun Myungchul , Hwang Yong Kee
Published: July 2011

Amorphous InGaZnO4 (a‐IGZO) thin film transistors (TFTs) are promising devices in backplane technology. Since a‐IGZO TFTs are very sensitive to the fabrication processes, they need stable process to keep their initial deposition properties. Herein we improved the stability of a‐IGZO by applying N2O plasma. The stability characteristic of a‐IGZO TFT was improved with N2O plasma. Vth shift was 1.5V for 10,000s under NBTS with illumination which was the best result in the world.
P‐24: Low Power a‐Si:H TFT Gate Driver Circuit Employing Negative Turn Off Biasing
Authors: Lee JaeHoon , Bae YuHan , Lee WheeWon , Kim YoungSoo , Song JunYong , Hyun Youmee , Cho DucHan , Kim SungMan , Kwon YeongKeun , Kwon MinSung , Moon SeungHwan , Kim Kyeong‐Hyeon
Published: July 2011

New a‐Si:H TFT gate driver circuit (ASG) for low power consumption is proposed and fabricated. For the first time, the proposed ASG can set TFT turn off voltage to the negative voltage rather than zero voltage that the conventional one uses, therefore, TFT leakage current can dramatically be reduced by 1/100. The size of TFT in new ASG, which discharges the leakage current, can be reduced so that the power consumption of new ASG is 43% of the conventional one.
P‐34: Active Matrix Programmable Monolithic Light Emitting Diodes on Silicon (LEDoS) Displays
Authors: Liu Zhao Jun , Wong Ka Ming , Chong Wing Cheung , Lau Kei May
Published: July 2011

In this paper, the first full‐color active matrix programmable monolithic Light Emitting Diodes on Silicon (LEDoS) displays are fabricated using flip‐chip technology. The forward voltage uniformity of the LED pixels was greatly improved by a double‐side ground structure. A basic LED micro‐array module was fabricated and the AM substrate has scaling‐up ability. By integrating a certain number of LED micro‐array modules onto a large‐scale AM substrate, a large‐scale display is obtained. By this scaling‐up method, the utilization rate of the LED wafers is increased significantly. The yield of the LED pixels is improved simultaneously. Red, green and blue phosphors were excited by UV light to realize a full‐color display.
P‐203L: Late‐News Poster: Analytical I‐V and C‐V Models for Amorphous InGaZnO TFTs and Their Application to Circuit Simulations
Authors: Bae Minkyung , Kim Yongsik , Kim Woojoon , Kong Dongsik , Jung Hyunkwang , Jeon Yong Woo , Kim Sungchul , Hur Inseok , Kim Jaehyeong , Kim Dong Myong , Kim Dae Hwan , Kim Sun Il , Park Jae Chul , Kim Chang‐Jung , Du Ahn Byung , Park Sei Yong , Park Jun‐Hyun , Kim Joo Han , Park Jaewoo , Lee Je‐Hun
Published: July 2011

Analytical current and capacitance models for amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc‐Oxide Thin film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs) are proposed for application to the simulation of a‐IGZO TFT‐based circuits. The accuracy of the proposed models are verified by comparing the measured I‐V and C‐V characteristics with calculated ones and the simulation result of a‐IGZO TFT‐based circuits. The proposed models are expected to be useful both for the optimization of fabrication process and for the prospective estimation of the effect of process conditions on the circuit performance.
P‐36: Touch Panel Display Filtering for Portable Night Vision Compatible Devices
Authors: Young Scott , Gaudette Claude , Phipps Benjamin
Published: July 2011

A series of thick films has been developed using a colored polymeric for use on small and medium‐area displays requiring both touch compatibility and low Near Infrared (NIR) emissions. The films are designed to optimize energy emissions in the NIR with minimal degradation in sensitivity or color rendering while also maintaining the advantages of single and multi‐touch color displays.

This paper attempts to touch upon the challenges to address in designing a filtering material for such application environments. The paper will also compare the advantages of these new generation materials to existing materials such as tacky polymers that often create undesired contact triggering, optical interference and contamination damage to the display surface.
P‐41: Optimization of Sub‐pixel Area for Multi‐primary Displays Based on Preferred Image Performance
Authors: Chu‐Ke Hui , Cheng Sheng‐Wen , Sun Wei‐Chieh , Yu Jian‐Shen
Published: July 2011

Multi‐primary color (MPC) technology is used to achieve not only wide gamut color reproduction but brightness enhancement. With modifying the sub‐pixel areas of MPC, different imaging quality is performed. This paper reports a method to render the optimized ratio of sub‐pixel area for multi‐primary displays. This optimized ratio of sub‐pixel area provides a image‐based gamut for better image quality. We demonstrate the display with optimized ratio of sub‐pixel areas (R:G:B:Y = 5:3:5:3) that the image performance is better than other sub‐pixel area designs. 5. References
P‐42: Evaluation of the Ability to Reproduce Preferred Colors for Mobile Displays under Ambient Illumination Condition
Authors: Park Tae‐Yong , Jang Jun Woo , Shin Kwang‐Hoon , Yoo Jang Jin , Shin Hyun‐Ho
Published: July 2011

The focus of this paper is to evaluate the ability to reproduce preferred colors for mobile displays under ambient illumination condition. Mobile liquid crystal display (LCD) and active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) are used and 3D gamut volume in CIECAM02 QMh space is utilized to take absolute perceptual attributes into account. The ‘degree of inclusion (DOI)’ is calculated from the quantity of colors included within display gamut volume among the preferred colors of 1260 from six categories of image database. As a result of this evaluation, the ability of LCD to reproduce preferred colors is similar with a level of AMOLED due to its high brightness under general office environment.
P‐45: A Quality Measurement Based on Object Formation for 3D Contents
Authors: Li Chung‐Te , Lai Yen‐Chieh , Wu Chien , Cheng Chao‐Chung , Chen Liang‐Gee
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we propose a quality metric for three‐dimensional images or videos. The goal of this work is to provide a quality measurement from the relationship between the depth image quality and the three‐dimensional perception. From our observation, we found that there is a relation between the perception of depth and the formation of object. The consistency for depth and object perceptions has a strong influence on the acceptable visual quality in three‐dimensional images. Since the visual quality depends on the consistency, additional work is necessary for developing objective metrics based on this concept. In this paper, we propose a quality measurement metric for three‐dimensional images by checking the consistency between depth and object. The measured visual quality can be used as feedback for developing depth generation algorithms, which is important for 3D industry.
P‐46: A Color Space Derived from CIELUV for Display Color Management
Authors: Wen Senfar
Published: July 2011

A color space derived from CIELUV is proposed for representing the color gamut of a color device in cylindrical shape. The proposed color space is device‐independent, suitable for the color gamut mapping in a color management system, and efficient for the utilization of signal bit depth.
P‐49: Design of Digital Time‐Modulation Pixel Memory Circuit on Glass Substrate for Low Power Application
Authors: Chen Szu‐Han , Ker Ming‐Dou , Wang Tzu‐Ming
Published: July 2011

A digital time‐modulation pixel memory circuit on glass substrate has been designed and verified in a 3‐μm low temperature poly‐silicon (LTPS) technology. The proposed circuit can generate 4‐bit digital codes and the corresponding inversion data by time‐modulation technique to refresh the static image without activating the data driver circuit. Therefore, the data driver of liquid crystal display (LCD) panel is not required to provide the image data of the frame by the proposed circuit while the LCD panel operates in the still mode. The power consumption from data driver can be further reduced in the LCD panel.
P‐51: A Novel Analog Buffer Circuit using Low Temperature Poly‐Si TFT
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Chou Kuan‐Wen , Tung Che‐Wei , Chang Fu‐Chieh , Hung Chia‐Che , Tu Chun‐Da
Published: July 2011

A novel source follower circuit employing low temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin film transistors (TFT) is proposed as an analog buffer for integrated data driver circuit. Instead of capacitive bootstrapping for self‐compensation of the characteristic of TFTs, a new compensation method is applied so that the error programming of gate voltage of driving TFT can be effectively eliminated. The feasibility of proposed circuit is exhibited through the simulation results.
P‐52: A New Current Programming Pixel Circuit for Compensating Luminance Degradation of AMOLED
Authors: Lin Chih‐Lung , Hung Chia‐Che , Hsu Sheng‐Kai , Chou Kuan‐Wen , Tu Chun‐Da
Published: July 2011

A new pixel circuit using low‐temperature polycrystalline‐silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistors for Active Matrix Organic Light Emitting Diodes (AMOLEDs) is presented. The proposed current programming circuit without charging time problem at low gray level compensates for the threshold voltage variation of TFT as well as OLED luminance decay. The simulation results demonstrate driving current of this circuit is independent of the variation of TFT and maintain luminance for long term operation.
11.3: Temperature Effect on Polymer‐stabilized Blue‐phase LCDs
Authors: Rao Linghui , Yan Jin , Wu Shin‐Tson
Published: July 2011

In this paper, temperature effects on polymer‐stabilized blue‐phase PSBP liquid crystal composites are analyzed. As the temperature increases, both Kerr constant and response time decrease rapidly. The proposed physical models fit well with experimental data. These results will provide valuable guidelines for optimizing PSBP material development and device performance.
P‐54: A Single‐Inductor Bipolar‐Output Converter with Power Conservation Mechanism (PCM) for Driving Cholesteric LCD
Authors: Chu Kuan‐Yu , Lee Yu‐Huei , Fan Ming‐Yan , Chen Ke‐Horng , Liu Sheng‐Fa , Chiu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Sandy , Shen Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Ta , Li Huai‐An
Published: July 2011

Cholesteric liquid‐crystal display (Ch‐LCD) has the bi‐stable characteristic to achieve the energy‐saving for the green technology. Backlight is even unnecessary in the Ch‐LCD system. The single‐inductor bipolar‐output (SIBO) converter is one of best candidate to supply the power management function for the Ch‐LCD with dual positive and negative output voltages by using a single inductor for a compact solution. The energy control methodology with the current‐mode control and the power conservation mechanism (PCM) can strengthen the voltage quality to get high display quality. The test chip fabricated by 0.25 μm CMOS technology demonstrates the non‐noticeable cross‐regulation at dual outputs with 90 % peak power conversion efficiency.
P‐55: A LCD Supplied by High Integrated Dual‐Side Dual‐Output Switched‐Capacitor Regulator with Only Two Flying Capacitors
Authors: Shih Chun‐Jen , Lee Yu‐Huei , Lin Yang‐Ching , Fan Ming‐Yan , Chen Ke‐Horng , Liu Sheng‐Fa , Chiu Pao‐Hsien , Chen Sandy , Shen Chun‐Yu , Hsieh Ming‐Ta , Li Huai‐An , Luo Yean‐Kuo , Hsu Wei‐Chou
Published: July 2011

This paper presents a high integrated dual‐side dual‐output (DSDO) switched‐capacitor (SC) regulator with only two flying capacitors. Generally, a dual‐phase voltage doubler and an inverter are used to supply positive and negative voltage for TFT‐LCD gate drivers, respectively. Four flying capacitors, eight pin‐outs, and sixteen power switches are necessary for their operations in the driver integrated chip (IC). The proposed DSDO SC regulator combines both dual‐phase voltage doubler and inverter converter into one channel through the use of time multiplexing technique at the cost of little performance degradation. As a result, it not only diminishes the number of flying capacitor from four to two but also removes four IC pin‐outs for low cost and compact size. Beside, sixteen necessary power switches are reduced to twelve for decreasing about 27% silicon area.
P‐59: High‐Efficiency Direct‐Linked Zeta Converter for LED Backlight Units
Authors: Oh Eunsuk , Song Min Sup , Kang Bongkoo , Park Yong Kyu
Published: July 2011

This paper proposes a direct‐linked Zeta (DLZ) converter as a highly efficient step‐up and step‐down converter. It consists of the conventional Zeta converter components plus auxiliary diode and switch which form an additional power path which directly delivers input power to output load. The DLZ converter can directly deliver much of the input power to the output with little switching and conduction losses, and reduce circulating current in circuit components, thereby reducing switching losses and conduction losses of switches and diodes, winding resistive losses of inductors. The power delivery efficiency of the DLZ converter (96.1%) is 4.4% greater than that of the conventional Zeta converter (91.7%). This result demonstrates that the proposed DLZ converter can be used for highly efficient step‐up and step‐down converters.
12.1: Invited Paper: Image Source Evaluation and Selection for Rugged Near‐Eye Displays
Authors: Melzer James E.
Published: July 2011

There are many high‐quality image source technologies to choose from when designing a near‐eye or head‐mounted display and they can provide excellent imagery. However, when you impose requirements for this same performance under extreme conditions of temperature, shock, and direct sunlight exposure — conditions which might be experienced by military personnel or first responders, the number of options gets smaller. This paper will address the impact of imposing these very stringent environmental conditions on choices for image sources.
P‐205L: Late‐News Poster: A Novel Pixel Circuit for Field Sequential Color LCD
Authors: Luo Xixi , Ma Jun , Li Zhongli , Yang Kang
Published: July 2011

A new pixel circuit with pixel memory is proposed for field sequential color display. The new pixel circuit associated with its unique driving scheme can solve voltage residue problem.
P‐65: Flexible Gas‐Barrier Technologies with Inorganic Nanolaminate, Surface Modifications and Its Measurements
Authors: Choi Jin‐Hwan , Song Eun‐Ho , Park Young‐Wook , Park Tae‐Hyun , Jeong Jin‐Wook , Choi Hyun‐Ju , Dong Ki‐Young , Ju Byeong‐Kwon , Lee Jin‐Woo , Kim Cheol‐Ho , Kim Tae‐Ho
Published: July 2011

The paper present transparent gas barrier technologies such as RF‐sputtered inorganic nanolaminate, hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface modifications, and its measurements. Highly conformal and uniform deposition of Al2O3 and SiO2 barriers and hydrophilic dots on nano‐imprinted hydrophobic surface structures successfully reduced water permeation rates according to the Ca degradation measurements.
P‐67: Investigation on the Hydrogen‐Assisted Al Induced Metal Crystallization Poly‐Si
Authors: Li Juan , Zeng Na , Luo Chong , Yin Chun Jian , Yang Ming , Meng Zhiguo , Xiong Shaozhen , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: July 2011

The hydrogen plasma‐assistant Al induced crystallization (HAIC) technology has been proposed in this paper. This technology integrates the crystallization and passivation into one process. The annealing time has been reduced by almost half of the traditional AIC technology. Additionally, the HAIC technology can also improve the resulted poly‐Si performance obviously. This technology makes the AIC technology more suitable for the industrial application.
12.2: Invited Paper: Quantum Dot Light Emitting Diodes for Near‐to‐eye and Direct View Display Applications
Authors: Coe‐Sullivan Seth , Zhou Zhaoqun , Niu Yuhua , Perkins James , Stevenson Matthew , Breen Craig , Kazlas Peter T. , Steckel Jonathan S.
Published: July 2011

Quantum dot light emitting diodes QLEDs are a printable thin film electroluminescent technology that can deliver exceptional color and efficiency at low cost of manufacture for display and solid‐state lighting applications. However, while most literature reports focus on the performance of individual test pixels, examples of working display prototypes have been sorely lacking. We report on our progress developing QLEDs for near‐to‐eye and direct view display applications. Both a 4″ diagonal active‐matrix bottom‐emitting monochrome QLED display and an 800×600 SVGA top‐emitting monochrome QLED microdisplay are reported on and their performance summarized. Contract printing of high‐resolution RGB QDs is also demonstrated as a milestone towards full‐color displays.
P‐70: Novel Lenticular Lens Fabrication Method on Glass by Using Ink‐jet Printer
Authors: Okumura Hiroshi , Matsushima Jin , Tanabe Hiroshi , Asada Hideki
Published: July 2011

We fabricated a lenticular lens by using an ink‐jet printing method. An ultraviolet curing resin is printed in rectangular domains enclosed by a liquid‐repellent resist on glass substrates. The resin solidified as arc‐shape by its surface tension successfully condenses rays of light.
P‐75: Development of High Viscous Color Photo Resists for Color Filter Repair
Authors: Chang Myung‐Hwan , Ryu Jee‐Hyun , Han Gyu‐Seok , Chang Tu‐Won
Published: July 2011

The organic materials used in color filter were mainly consisted of insoluble particles, and generate the defects during a color filter manufacture. The bad quality of display resulted in the decrement of productivity and high production costs; in addition, a bad effect on the rising environmental and energy saving concerns. In this study, we are concentrated on the development of a repair resist. New solvent having a high boiling point was employed for main solvent and resist formulation was developed based on the viscosity, fluidity, and chroma.
P‐76: Combined Nanostructured Layers for Display Applications
Authors: Smirnov Aliaksandr , Stsiapanau Andrei , Saddik Abubakar , Mukha Yauhen , Kwok Hoi S. , Murauski Anatoli
Published: July 2011

One‐step cost effective process of fabrication of a full inorganic nanostructured transparent conductive electrode and LC alignment layer has been developed. More specifically, the subject comprises a self‐organized nanomesh of a valve metal, concomitant porous oxide layer with various functionality and electrochemical method of their fabrication. The nanomesh film is electrically conductive, optically transparent and flexible. It can be fabricated on a variety of substrates, including flexible and rigid substrates. High effective LC alignment layers based of nanostructured alumina can be fabricated at the same anodization process by special electro‐chemical technique in sulfuric and oxalic acids to form a self ordered nanoporous structure of alumina which has a “vertical” surface area that prevails over the “horizontal” one even though Al film's thickness is small. The possibility to control distances between pores and their sizes during the process of anodizing/etching enables to optimize alignment surface according to the required LC material.
P‐79: The Effect of Air‐Gap on Improving the Uniformity of Optical Composite Sheet
Authors: Hwang Jang Hwan , Shin Dong Myoung , Park Sung Jin , Kim Keun Soo , Lee Seok Jae , Lee Ho Won , Kim Young Kwan
Published: July 2011

In this paper, we have solved the problems such as lack of uniformity, occuring of bright line and hot‐spot existance in the conventional optical composite sheet of back light unit (BLU) in order to design the structure of a diffusion layer capable of forming an air‐gap and integrate a prism sheet with the diffusion layer. We obtained higher degree of uniformity than normal type BLU which was stacked using a general optical sheet like a diffusion sheet and prism sheets. Improvement of brightness and uniformity were reached by 4,800 nits and 85% degree above with a BLU having a hybrid optical sheets, respectively.
P‐80: Distinguished Student Poster Paper: Instant Design Criteria for LCD Cell with Photospacers under Gravity and Local Loading using Winkler Model
Authors: Ding Ling‐Yi , Chang Pei‐Zen , Shih Wen‐Pin , Lin Mao‐Hsing , Hu Yuh‐Chung
Published: July 2011

This article presents an analytical model of LCD cell under gravity and loading to predict the mechanical behavior of LCD cell and permanent collapse of photospacer. This analytical model can be used to provide instant design criteria for photospacer and to enhance the reliability of LCD cell structure.
P‐81: Thin Beam Laser Crystallization Technology in AMOLED and AMLCD Applications
Authors: Chen Yu Cheng , Hausmann Ulrich , Toh Kah Lun , Knowles David
Published: July 2011

Thin beam laser crystallization technology is presented. It has the features of long beam length >730mm, controllable thin beam width 3∼22um and high laser frequency 3000∼6000Hz. Due to the features, it can process display transistor backplane with small laser step size 1∼4um while keeping high production throughput. The effect of small laser step size related to poly‐crystalline silicon transistor uniformity is investigated here. The transistor channel of the display backplane can cross multiple step size areas that result in an averaging effect of the laser pulses and obtain uniform transistor characteristics.
P‐82: Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles in Microwave Reactor for TFT Fabrication
Authors: Kuo Kuan‐Ting , Lin Jen‐Chieh
Published: July 2011

A simple, rapid, and environmentally friendly method was used to synthesize high quality nanoscale zinc oxide (ZnO) particles through microwave irradiation. The synthesized ZnO nanoparticles can be easily deposited on solid substrate (silicon wafer) through spin coating or dip coating. Such type of ZnO‐based TFT devices is expected to have higher device performance than organic‐based devices.
P‐220: Invited Poster: Green Technologies for LC Alignment by Organosilicon Compounds' Films
Authors: Belyaev Victor V. , Mazaeva Vera G.
Published: July 2011

Green methods of organosilicon (OC) substances synthesis as well as films formation are described. A concept of molecular scale microrelief is proposed to provide a control of LC pre‐tilt angle in wide range. At first time the OC LB films for the LC alignment have been fabricated that provide room temperature process.
P‐88: Active Local Dimming System for Low Power and Motion Blur Enhancement
Authors: Pyo Donghak , Jung Taekwon , Jang Daegwang , Kim Namdeog , Keum Minha , Choi Hakmo , Moon Hoisik
Published: July 2011

Recently, as the light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) technology has improved, especially LED brightness is remarkable increased, the brightness of LCD panel is enough even if LED sources are located in only short edge sides (left and right) of the LCD module. As a result, the smart local dimming system is needed to use the invented LED back light unit (BLU) efficiently. In this paper, we proposed the new local dimming system to reduce power consumption and enhance motion picture quality for a new edge LED BLU. The proposed system is applied to active 2D local dimming algorithm and scanning technique at the same time. Our local dimming system has 3 advantages, 25% power saving, 1:100,000 contrast ratio and average MPRT 3.9ms with 240Hz panel. We verified performances by measurement. Finally, our 2D dimming technique was developed as AISC IP type which was merged in timing controller (TCON), so we can apply our system for mass product in 2011 year.
P‐90: A Tunable Whitepoint Hardware Solution for Monochrome Medical Displays
Authors: Vetsuypens Arnout , Nollet Peter , Marchessoux Cédric
Published: July 2011

In medical imaging, monochrome displays are offered with a bluebase or clearbase whitepoint. In this paper, a hardware solution using a foil with an ink pattern is presented that allows altering the whitepoint of a CCFL backlit LCD display between clearbase and bluebase, without the need to alter the lamps.
P‐207L: Late‐News Poster: White Light Polarized LED Module for LCD Backlighting
Authors: Chung Chi‐Jui , Lin Po‐Chun , Chen Cheng‐Huan , Yang Han‐Ping
Published: July 2011

The polarization efficiency loss in the pre‐polarizer has long been a major concern in LCD backlighting. Complying the trend of employing solid state light source, this paper presents a polarization conversion module encapsulated on a white light LED for increasing the degree of polarization at the outlet of the whole packaged LED module, so as to improve the overall energy efficiency of direct‐type LED backlighting. The polarization conversion module features a butterfly shape with a wire grid reflective polarizer for separating two orthogonal polarization modes. Due to most of light being incident on the WGP at large angle between 30 and 70 degree, the structure of WGP has been optimized for this range of incident angle, where it is found that dielectric‐metal multilayer nanostructure performs superior to the single metal layer structure. With the consideration on the viability of fabrication process, the module with a WGP featuring cross layered dielectric‐metal nanostructure has been proposed, fabricated and evaluated. The overall photopic polarization efficiency becomes 72%, and the overall efficiency gain is 1.4X.
P‐208L: Late‐News Poster: LSF Correlator — An Amending Module for SSC Local Dimming Algorithm to Increase the Static Contrast of Edge‐Lit LCDs
Authors: Albrecht Marc , Schäfer Daniel , Xu Chihao , Bauer Jan , Kreuzer Markus
Published: July 2011

A contrast enhancement extension named as LSF Correlator has been amended to our Sorted Sector Covering (SSC) algorithm for the calculation of the LED duty‐cycles of a local dimming LED backlight. As a result, the static contrast of the display is significantly increased. The LSF Correlator has been proved on an 8″ WVGA prototype with an edge‐lit backlight.
P‐95: A Study of Jitter Characteristics Depending on Wall Charge Status on an Emissive Layer via IR Measurement
Authors: Lee Sangjoon , Eom Sangheum , Kang Jungwon
Published: July 2011

We investigated the jitter characteristics depending on wall charge amount and polarity on different emissive layers, such as MgO and CEL MgO. IR emission from Xe discharge was measured with IR photometer and iCCD. The accumulation of negative wall charges on pulse‐applied electrode and negative applied voltage were important to decrease the operation voltage and time delay.
P‐99: VUV Photoluminescence of (Y0.5Gd0.5)PO4:Eu3+ Phosphors for Plasma Display Panel Applications
Authors: Kim Ki Young , Heo Mee Hyun , Park Kyeongsoon
Published: July 2011

Solution combustion method was used to synthesize nanocrystalline (Y0.5Gd0.5)PO4:Eu0.06 phosphor powders. The crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of (Y0.5Gd0.5)PO4:Eu0.06 phosphors were significantly influenced by the annealing temperature. The emission spectra of the (Y0.5Gd0.5)PO4:Eu0.06 phosphors annealed at 800 − 1000 °C were composed of four strong peaks at 588 − 594, 613 − 621, 653, and 667 −700 nm. On the other hand, the spectra of the phosphors annealed at 1100 − 1300 °C consisted of four strong peaks at 592, 619, 651, and 696 − 703 nm. The (Y0.5Gd0.5)PO4:Eu0.06 phosphors annealed at 1300 °C showed the strongest emission intensity. In this study, we discussed the crystal structure and photoluminescence properties of (Y0.5Gd0.5)PO4:Eu0.06, depending on the annealing temperature.
P‐100: Enhanced Luminescent Properties of Polyacrylic Acid Passivated Mn‐doped ZnS Nanocrystal and Its Application to Highly Transparent Luminescent Film
Authors: Han Ji Yeon , Kim Donghyuk , Mnoyan Anush , Jeon Duk Young
Published: July 2011

The polyacrylic acid (PAA)‐passivated Mn‐doped nanocrystals (NCs) have been synthesized by a solution chemistry and then photoluminescence was enhanced by two times due to energy transfer from PAA to Mn2+ ion call for antenna effect. Also, the PAA passivated ZnS:Mn NCs showed good transmittance and suitable application to transparent NCs film.
P‐104: Field Emission Properties of Carbon Nanotubes on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Lee Kyongsoo , Lee Yang‐Doo , Byun Gui‐Sob , Lee Keun‐Soo , Ju Byeong‐Kwon
Published: July 2011

The field emission properties of single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) on organic polymer substrate were investigated. SWCNTs films were first deposited on silicon substrates using spray‐method. In this case.

Electrical properties of SWCNTs can be enhanced by acidic and thermal treatments. And SWCNTs films on silicon substrate were transfer onto the PDMS substrate. In this case, in order to improve the adhesion of the SWCNT emitters, transfer process were carried out just before hardening of the PDMS. The viscosity of PDMS grabs the SWCNTs before hardening. From these emitter surfaces, the SWCNT can be turned on with afield as low as 0.9V/μm. An emission current density of 0.75mA/cm2 at 1.2V/μm can be attained. The result establishes a method of fabricating a flexible field emitter, which should find practical applications in vacuum electronic devices.
P‐106: Thermo‐mechanical Analysis of HB‐LED at Low Temperature
Authors: Ji Peng Fei , Bang Young‐Tae , Kim Byung‐Ho , Moon Cheol‐Hee
Published: July 2011

The paper researches the reliability of HB‐LED by investigating thermal stress and thermo‐mechanical stress through FEM software. After verifying the accuracy of simulation model by steady state measurement, thermo‐mechanical stress would be simulated to investigate the failure mechanism of HB‐LED at low temperature.
P‐107: Colloidal Quantum Dot LED Transparent Display on Flexible Substrate
Authors: Kim Yohan , Kim Se Min , Kang Jungwon , Han Chul Jong
Published: July 2011

We report Quantum Dot light‐emitting diode(QD‐LED) designed on transparent and flexible PEN substrate, which shows saturated red electroluminescence spectra with full‐width half‐maximum(FWHM) as narrow as 40nm and transmittance of 60% at 550nm. In order to make flexible and transparent device, we fabricated a set of devices through combination of various cathodes materials and substrates.
P‐109: Sol‐Gel Alumina Dielectric for Low‐Voltage Operating Pentacene Transistor
Authors: Han Keon‐kook , Lee Jonghwan
Published: July 2011

We present a sol‐gel based aluminum oxide dielectric for organic transistors. The pentacene transistor fabricated with the dielectric permits low voltage operation, exhibits no hysteresis, and is stable when subjected to bias stress. The off‐state current is stable and it is not sensitive to the off‐state voltage.
P‐111: Analysis of Fully Driving Electronic Paper Fabricated Using Particle‐Transfer Method
Authors: Lee Dong‐Jin , Sloper Randall E. , Jeon Yong‐Ha , Han Sang‐Kwuon , Lee Sangkug , Choi Kyung‐ho , Huh Wansoo , Kim Young‐Cho
Published: July 2011

We proposed a new particle transfer method using the same structure as electronic‐paper and observed fully driven particles without lumping phenomena, resulting in improved optical properties and a reliable life time. As an application we fabricated color electronic paper without using color filters by addressing various color particles into respective cells.
P‐112: Sunlight Readable Bistable Electrowetting Displays for Indicators and Billboards
Authors: Blankenbach Karlheinz , Jentsch Michael , Rawert Juergen , Jerosch Dieter , Bitman Andriy , Bartels Frank
Published: July 2011

adt's electrowetting displays are designed for bistability (“green”) and capable of all backlight modes (reflective, transflective and transmissive). Compared to LED indicators, our pixels draw no power and are sunlight readable. Using CMY stacks we achieved a superior color gamut and high reflectivity (both topics are essential for electronic billboards).
13.3: Improvement in Temperature Durability of Bendable Electronic Paper Using Cholesteric Liquid Crystals ChLC
Authors: Kurosaki Yoshihisa , Kiyota Yoshinori , Yoshihara Toshiaki
Published: July 2011

Liquid crystal elements used to bond upper and lower substrates with adhesive column spacers, and thus prevent cell gap variations when bent, had problems with the spacers peeling at high temperatures and with the ChLC elements foaming at low temperatures. We developed a new flexible type of e‐paper that does not have problems of foaming or peeling in a temperature range of −15 to 70°C, by forming spacers with an extremely high coefficient of thermal expansion and suitable disposition rates.
P‐116: A Multi‐Line Driving Scheme for R2R PM Ch‐LCD
Authors: Yeh Po‐Chun , Chen Heng‐Yin , Liang Chao‐Chiun , Wei‐Sun Cheng , Su Ju‐Yuen
Published: July 2011

A multi‐line driving scheme simultaneously addressing two or more lines on cholesteric LCD (Ch‐LCD) was proposed for faster addressing rate with low power consumption. The performance of the proposed driving scheme was experimentally evaluated on R2R PM Ch‐LCD and satisfactory results of fast update and fine image quality were achieved.
P‐118: Colorimetric Characterization of Monochromatic Microcup® Electrophoretic Display
Authors: Lu Yen‐Hsing , Tien Chung‐Hao
Published: July 2011

The colorimetric characterization plays an important role in communicating color information across different image media. In this study, the specific color model is proposed for monochrome Microcup® electrophoretic display (EPD). Through the scalable absorptance spectrum and the corresponding scalars found out with Allen's algorithm and colorimetric density, the proposed model can achieve the reliable accuracy that the average CIEDE 2000 value of prediction is below 1.
P‐121: Electrokinetics of Charged‐Particles in Microcup Electrophoretic Displays
Authors: Wu Szu‐I , Lin Fang‐Cheng , Huang Yi‐Pai , Shieh Han‐Ping D. , Yang Bo‐Ru , Chang Ming‐Jen , Huang Jo‐Cheng , Hsieh Yao‐Jen
Published: July 2011

To fully understand the physical mechanism in electrophoretic displays, both current and optical responses are discussed to investigate the charging behavior, including the transient current, intermediate‐state current, discharge current, and the observed bump characteristics, along with their applications.