bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Minimum inhibitory concentrations of rifampin and isoniazid among multidrug and isoniazid resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Ethiopia
Authors: Getahun Muluwork , Blumberg Henry M. , Ameni Gobena , Beyene Dereje , Kempker Russell R.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Traditionally, single critical concentrations of drugs are utilized for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) drug susceptibility testing (DST); however, the level of drug resistance can impact treatment choices and outcomes. Mutations at the katG gene are the major genetic mutations in multidrug resistant (MDR) Mtb and usually associated with high level resistance. We assessed the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of MDR or rifampin resistant (RR) and isoniazid (INH) resistant Mtb isolates to determine the quantification of drug resistance among key anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Methods

The study was conducted on stored Mtb isolates collected as part of a national drug resistance survey in Ethiopia. MIC values were determined using Sensititre™ MYCOTB plates. A line probe assay (MTBDRplus) was also performed to identify genetic determinants of resistance for all isolates.

Results

MIC testing was performed on 74 Mtb isolates including 46 MDR, 2 RR and 26 INH phenotypically resistant isolates as determined by the Löwenstein Jensen (LJ) method. Four (15%) INH resistant Mtb isolates were detected as borderline rifampin resistance (MIC = 1 μg/ml) using MYCOTB MIC plates and no rifampin resistance mutations were detected by LPA. Among the 48 MDR/RR TB cases, 9 (19%) were rifabutin susceptible (MIC was between ≤0.25 and 0.5μg/ml). Additionally, the MIC for isoniazid was between 2–4 μg/ml (moderate resistance) for 58% of MDR TB isolates and 95.6% (n = 25) of the isolates had mutations at the katG gene.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest a role for rifabutin treatment in a subset of RR TB patients, thus potentially preserving an important drug class. The high proportion of moderate level INH resistant among MDR Mtb isolates indicates the potential benefit of high dose isoniazid treatment in a high proportion of katG gene harboring MDR Mtb isolates.
Comparison of genetic variation between rare and common congeners of Dipodomys with estimates of contemporary and historical effective population size
Authors: Halsey Michaela K. , Stuhler John D. , Bayona-Vásquez Natalia J. , Platt Roy N. , Goetze Jim R. , Martin Robert E. , Matocha Kenneth G. , Bradley Robert D. , Stevens Richard D. , Ray David A.
Published: September 2022

Species with low effective population sizes are at greater risk of extinction because of reduced genetic diversity. Such species are more vulnerable to chance events that decrease population sizes (e.g. demographic stochasticity).Dipodomys elator, (Texas kangaroo rat) is a kangaroo rat that is classified as threatened in Texas and field surveys from the past 50 years indicate that the distribution of this species has decreased. This suggests geographic range reductions that could have caused population fluctuations, potentially impacting effective population size. Conversely, the more common and widespreadD.ordii(Ord’s kangaroo rat) is thought to exhibit relative geographic and demographic stability. We assessed the genetic variation ofD.elatorandD.ordiisamples using 3RAD, a modified restriction site associated sequencing approach. We hypothesized thatD.elatorwould show lower levels of nucleotide diversity, observed heterozygosity, and effective population size when compared toD.ordii. We were also interested in identifying population structure within contemporary samples ofD.elatorand detecting genetic variation between temporal samples to understand demographic dynamics. We analyzed up to 61,000 single nucleotide polymorphisms. We found that genetic variability and effective population size in contemporaryD.elatorpopulations is lower than that ofD.ordii. There is slight, if any, population structure within contemporaryD.elatorsamples, and we found low genetic differentiation between spatial or temporal historical samples. This indicates little change in nuclear genetic diversity over 30 years. Results suggest that genetic diversity ofD.elatorhas remained stable despite reduced population size and/or abundance, which may indicate a metapopulation-like system, whose fluctuations might counteract species extinction.
Evaluation of blood glucose level control in type 1 diabetic patients using deep reinforcement learning
Authors: Viroonluecha Phuwadol , Egea-Lopez Esteban , Santa Jose
Published: September 2022

Diabetes mellitus is a disease associated with abnormally high levels of blood glucose due to a lack of insulin. Combining an insulin pump and continuous glucose monitor with a control algorithm to deliver insulin is an alternative to patient self-management of insulin doses to control blood glucose levels in diabetes mellitus patients. In this work, we propose a closed-loop control for blood glucose levels based on deep reinforcement learning. We describe the initial evaluation of several alternatives conducted on a realistic simulator of the glucoregulatory system and propose a particular implementation strategy based on reducing the frequency of the observations and rewards passed to the agent, and using a simple reward function. We train agents with that strategy for three groups of patient classes, evaluate and compare it with alternative control baselines. Our results show that our method is able to outperform baselines as well as similar recent proposals, by achieving longer periods of safe glycemic state and low risk.
Tea, Technology and Me: a World Café approach to engage people with dementia and their carers about research priorities and policy development in digital technology and artificial intelligence
Authors: Bates Amanda , Hadlow James , Farmer Christopher
Published: September 2022

Digital technology and artificial intelligence (AI) use in health care is increasing, and it potentially offers significant patient benefit, such as independence, improved care and health care at home. Workforce benefits are apparent, for example, releasing time to see patients. However, are ethical and moral dilemmas of such technologies sufficiently unpacked by patients and understood by clinicians? A person living with dementia, and carers of people with dementia, alongside academics and clinicians, designed a public engagement World Café event for 20 people living with dementia and their carers. This process is described, as are reflections on a World Café approach to generate knowledge on a lesser explored topic. Working with a graphic recorder at the event proved a dynamic and engaging way of visually displaying feedback, served as an aide memoire and generated further discussion. Three feedback themes are highlighted: (1) trust; (2) continuity of care; and (3) support and independence. The event’s subsequent evaluation and impact, including a presentation to the House of Lords All-Party Parliamentary Group on Artificial Intelligence, are described. In conclusion, a suitable World Café approach enables people with dementia and their carers to voice exceptionally useful insights into a topic that already affects, or is very likely to, affect them.
The Effect of Caterpillar Game on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in Early Childhood Education
Authors: Mamonto Muzdalifa , Utoyo Setiyo , Sutisna Icam
Published: September 2022

Purpose – This study aimed to determine the effect of the caterpillar game on Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in children aged 5-6 years at TK Negeri Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Dungingi District, Gorontalo City.Design/methods/approach – The research uses experimental quantitative with pre-experimental type one grub pre-test and post-test. Data analysis used the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, followed by a t-test using SPPS software. Research respondents consisted of 30 children.Findings – The findings of this study resulted in an analysis of the value of the tcount amounted to 3,689. While the value of the ttable (α) = 0.05, which equals 0.674. If tcount >ttable 3.689 >0.674, in other words, tcount > ttable, then H 0 rejected and H 1 received. So that there is an influence between the caterpillar game on the ability of Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) in children aged 5-6 years at the State Kindergarten of Pembina Ki Hajar Dewantoro, Dungingi District, Gorontalo City.Research implications/limitations – This study focuses on children aged 5-6, the activity, and how the child completes the task correctly. In the learning process, some children are still challenged in their level of understanding, so there is a need for proper implementation of learning.Practical implications – This research contributes in the form of innovations to teachers in providing fun learning and references for the teaching team in developing learning media for children.Originality/value – This research provides an in-depth understanding of learning media innovation and developing Higher Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) on early childhood education.Paper type: Research paper
To be sentimental, powerful, and Black: Affective agency in Viola Davis’s award speeches
Authors: Janicka Agata
Published: September 2022

This article considers how the long-standing American cultural tradition of sentimentality and its affective power can be discursively utilized by contemporary Black women in the public contexts. Using the concept of sentimental political storytelling as discussed by Rebecca Wanzo, I analyze three award speeches given by Viola Davis – a popular and acclaimed African American actress whose speeches generate significant public and media attention. Framing Davis’s speeches within the Black feminist epistemology, I draw on the conventions of sentimental storytelling proposed by Wanzo to argue that Davis is an example of a Black woman skilfully using sentimentality to gain affective agency and mobilize sympathy from mainstream public while at the same time narrativizing African Americans’ lived experiences to have their humanity and their struggle recognized today. Given the continued prioritization of White female suffering in the American media over stories of Black women’s struggle, the ways in which Black women can discursively utilize sentimentality to gain affective agency and negotiate self-definition in interactional public contexts is of significant sociolinguistic interest.
İlkokul Öğrencilerinin Dünya’nın Hareketlerine Yönelik Bilgi Yapılarının Kavramsal Değişim Teorilerine göre Analizi
Authors: KANDEMİR Mehmet Ali , APAYDIN Zeki
Published: September 2022

In the research, the knowledge structures (mental model) of the students regarding rotation, revolution, daily and annual movements of the world were analyzed. The research was designed according to the mixed method model in which qualitative and quantitative research methods are used together in data collection process. The research was conducted with the participation of seventy-five fourth grade students. Criterion sampling, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used in determining the participants. Research data were obtained from knowledge structures test and interview form. Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test, percentage and frequency were used in the analysis of the quantitative data obtained from the knowledge structures test, and the descriptive analysis method was used in the analysis of the verbal data obtained from the interview form. As a result of the research; students gave answers that showed cognitive inconsistency to different questions about the rotation, revolution, daily and annual movements of the Earth. These findings show that the knowledge structures of the majority of the students participating in the study are in accordance with the knowledge in pieces structure theory.
Midwives’ personal and professional attitudes towards women’s delivery choices, interventions and neonatal care
Authors: Duffy Ailbhe , Maculey Chloe , Lindow Stephen W. , O’Connell Michael P.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Caesarean section (CS) rates in middle- and high-income countries are rising partly due to maternal request. This study aimed to explore the personal and professional attitudes of midwives and nurses towards women’s delivery choices, interventions and neonatal care.

Methods

Midwifery and nursing staff at the Coombe hospital were asked to complete a questionnaire concerning decisions for elective CS and neonatal care. The midwives’ responses were divided into multiparous and nulliparous according to their own parity.

Results

Multiparae and nulliparae did not differ on their personal preferences for their own baby. Only 3% wanted an elective CS in a normal, healthy pregnancy but this increased to 80.2% when there was a breech presentation and 42% if the estimated fetal weight was >4.5 kg. These numbers and trends were very close to the midwives’ professional recommendations under the same circumstances. The lower threshold for full resuscitation and ICU care was at 23 and 24 weeks gestation for both personal and professional recommendations. In the case of severely premature babies or babies with a poor prognosis, 54% stated that the approach to neonatal care was correct.

Conclusions

Overall, midwives’ professional views reflected what they would want for themselves and their babies. Only 3% recommended an elective CS in a normal, healthy pregnancy making it unlikely that midwives’ attitudes are driving the rise in CS rates in Ireland.
Minimal period problem for second-order Hamiltonian systems with asymptotically linear nonlinearities
Authors: Kuang Juhong , Chen Weiyi
Published: September 2022

By applying the combination of discrete variational method and approximation, developed in a previous study [J. Kuang, W. Chen, and Z. Guo, Periodic solutions with prescribed minimal period for second-order even Hamiltonian systems, Commun. Pure Appl. Anal. 21 (2022), no. 1, 47–59], we overcome some difficulties in the absence of Ambrosetti-Rabinowitz condition and obtain new sufficient conditions for the existence of periodic solutions with prescribed minimal period for second-order Hamiltonian systems with asymptotically linear nonlinearities.
Conflict or Cooperation: A Survival Analysis of the Relationship between Regional Trade Agreements and Military Conflict
Authors: Cyrus Teresa L.
Published: September 2022

This paper examines the timing behind the decision of countries to enter into regional trade agreements or interstate military conflicts, considering these two potential actions as substitute strategies. Using bilateral data from 1950 to 2014, I employ survival analysis to examine the factors that determine the likelihood of two countries entering into a regional trade agreement or a military conflict at any point in time. Historical or recent wars are posited to raise the gains from trade and therefore increase the likelihood that two countries choose to join the same trade agreement. On the other side, the existence of a strong trade relationship may raise the opportunity cost of entering into a conflict; bilateral trade flows and common membership in a regional trade agreement are posited to impact the likelihood of conflict. Other explanatory variables that affect the likelihood of either a common trade agreement or a military conflict include economic size, measured as the product of and the difference in the two countries’ GDPs; level of development, measured as the product of and the difference in the two countries’ per-capita GDPs; geography, measured by distance, contiguity, landlocked status, and island status; institutional linkages, represented by a common language, a colonial relationship, or a common legal origin; and political variables, including WTO membership, democracy, military alliances, and being a major oil producer. Results show that economic, geographic, institutional, and political variables all influence the probability that two countries enter into a conflict or join the same regional trade agreement.
Manager Delegation, Owner Coordination and Firms’ Investment in Automation
Authors: Stadler Manfred , Unsorg Maximiliane
Published: September 2022

This paper studies the combined effects of mixed ownership structures and manager delegation on firms’ investment in automation processes in a multi-stage triopoly game. We show that, in accordance with empirical evidence, firms owned by common shareholders invest less in automation and realize lower profits compared to a firm owned by independent shareholders. Direct collusion of owners in terms of coordinated investment increases the profits, the one of the independent firm even more than the profits of the commonly owned firms. Delegation of operational decisions to managers results in higher investment and lower profits. In markets with favorable technological opportunities for automation, common ownership combined with manager delegation leads to the highest social welfare.
Der Handlungskomplex Entscheiden am Beispiel der „Unterstützten Entscheidungs-findung“ in der rechtlichen Betreuung
Authors: Pick Ina
Published: September 2022

This paper discusses communicative decision making as an ‚action complex‘. To this end it combines empirical results on communicative decision-making processes from different fields (law, medicine, economics, politics) and compiles the constitutive action components therein. The results obtained through this are then further differentiated by analyses of “Supported Decision Making” in the GermanBetreuungsrecht(adult guardianship). The analyses led to the conclusion that the action complex can be described as a selection process, which is composed of different stages. Each stage can be reconstructed as a decision-making process in its own right (including a decision each). Thus, decision making systematically consists of several decision-making processes. The analyses show how participants negotiate their communicative movements through the action complex and how decisions emerge in the process.
Ambivalent Anality: Revisiting the Queer Ecologic of “the Jackass Moment”
Authors: Cortez Marisol
Published: September 2022

The cultural roots of an aggrieved white masculinity—white man as victim—run deep in the popular imaginary. Media representation in particular has a long legacy of portraying white male bodies as injured or wounded, dating back to the bloody “hard bodies” of Reagan-era action films. This essay returns to another one of these earlier cultural moments, examining the vulgar physical comedy of the Jackass media franchise as a window into masculine formations in the United States at the turn of the twenty-first century. Specifically, I examine Jackass’s “stupid” white masculinity, which combines bloody self-injury with a scatological logic of bodily incoherence displayed by the show’s pissing, shitting, and puking white stuntmen. Viewed retrospectively—against the contemporary horrors of Charlottesville, El Paso, and other places memorialized by Trumpian eruptions of murderous white masculinity—the dumb white dudes of Jackass appear almost a blip in the rearview mirror, now superseded by a return to something far more sinister. Yet Jackass in its own time expressed a hegemonic white masculinity specific to neoliberal and neoconservative forces of the Clinton and Bush years, one organized ambivalently around an excessive anality. This ambivalent anality both parodied national and gendered fantasies of “hardness” at the same time that it drew on dynamics of racial and queer mimesis to reinscribe hegemonic (white/straight) masculinity. However, the more recent development of a queer ecological perspective allows us to revisit the show’s scatology, also seeing in it what Nicole Seymour has described as an ethical “counter-phobia” which refuses the nature/culture binary that informs Western culture’s deeply embedded erotophobia and somatophobia. This essay takes up the ambivalent anality of Jackass, tracing the ways it has served as precursor to present-day logics of white male grievance, even as its spectacular scatology offers an undertheorized challenge to the cultural revulsion for embodiment and nature that informs all social (gendered, racial, sexual) logics of domination.
Breonna’s Song
Authors: Clark Jelisa S.
Published: September 2022

After failing to indict officers involved in the shooting death of Breonna Taylor, Kentucky Attorney General Daniel Cameron explained, “My job as the special prosecutor was to put emotion aside and investigate facts.” The positivist values emphasized by Cameron (i.e., objectivity, validity, thoroughness, and truth) have consistently been referenced as the gold standard of research and been used to justify White supremacy and deny Black humanity. In this article, I use Unapologetic Black Inquiry (UBI) to analyze Cameron’s remarks. UBI values Black defiance and dissident knowledge to center Black humanity and liberation, and provokes questions such as: Who produced knowledge and narratives in the Breonna Taylor case? What was their purpose in creating this knowledge? What are the assumptions about Blackness embedded in this narrative? In answering these questions, I challenge the presumed superiority of objectivity, validity, thoroughness, and truth in knowledge production, discuss how these values deny Black humanity, and explore the liminal space and dis/comfort Black women may experience when their humanity is denied.
Synaptic tagging: homeostatic plasticity goes Hebbian
Authors: Colameo David , Schratt Gerhard
Published: September 2022

Distinct plasticity mechanisms enable neurons to effectively process information also when facing global perturbations in network activity. In this issue of The EMBO Journal, Dubes et al (2022) provide a molecular mechanism whereby individual synapses during periods of chronic inactivity are “tagged” for future strengthening. These results lend further support to the idea that local, nonmultiplicative mechanisms play an important role in homeostatic synaptic plasticity as has been demonstrated for Hebbian‐like synaptic plasticity.
The correlation of the neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio to clinical and imaging parameters in patients with thyroid eye disease
Authors: Zhang Xiaowen , Han Chen , Wang Hongwei , Sun Xinghong , Dou Xin , He Xueying , Wu Di , Shen Shanmei , Zhu Dalong , Zhang Xinlin , Bi Yan
Published: September 2022

Thyroid eye disease (TED) is the major extrathyroidal manifestation of Graves’ disease (GD). Treatment choice is based on clinical activity and severity of TED, as evaluated with clinical activity score (CAS) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. We aimed to determine the relationship between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a readily available indicator of systemic inflammation, and clinical and MR imaging parameters in TED patients. Eighty-seven consecutive TED patients were included. The average signal intensity ratio (SIR), average extraocular muscle (EOM) diameter, and proptosis of the study eye were extracted from MR images. A baseline NLR ≥ 2.0 was recorded in 37 (42.5%) patients and NLR < 2.0 in 50 (57.5%) patients. TED patients with NLR ≥ 2.0 were older, had a higher CAS, average SIR, average EOM diameter and proptosis, and a lower serum thyrotrophin receptor antibody level than patients with NLR < 2.0 (all P < 0.05). All MR parameters showed significant correlation with CAS (P < 0.05). NLR correlated significantly with CAS (P = 0.001), average SIR (P = 0.004), average EOM diameter (P = 0.007), and proptosis (P = 0.007). Multiple regression revealed a significant correlation between NLR and CAS (P = 0.001), average SIR (P = 0.029), and proptosis (P = 0.037). Cox regression analysis showed that a high NLR at baseline was associated with a worse clinical outcome of TED (hazard ratio 3.7, 95% CI 1.22–11.2, P = 0.02), at a median follow-up of 25 months. In conclusion, NLR was correlated with CAS and MR imaging parameters and was associated with a worse clinical outcome of TED at follow-up in patients with TED. Additional prospective studies are needed to validate our findings.
Cracking the enigma of adenomyosis: an update on its pathogenesis and pathophysiology
Authors: Guo Sun-Wei
Published: September 2022

In brief

Traditionally viewed as enigmatic and elusive, adenomyosis is a fairly common gynecological disease but is under-recognized and under-researched. This review summarizes the latest development on the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis, which have important implications for imaging diagnosis of the disease and for the development of non-hormonal therapeutics.

Traditionally considered as an enigmatic disease, adenomyosis is a uterine disease that affects many women of reproductive age and is a contributing factor for pelvic pain, heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB), and subfertility. In this review, the new development in the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of adenomyosis has been summarized, along with their clinical implications. After reviewing the progress in our understanding of the pathogenesis and describing the prevailing theories, in conjunction with their deficiencies, a new hypothesis, called endometrial–myometrial interface disruption (EMID), which is backed by extensive epidemiologic data and demonstrated by a mouse model, is reviewed, along with recent data implicating the role of Schwann cells in the EMI area in the genesis of adenomyosis. Additionally, the natural history of adenomyotic lesions is elaborated and underscores that, in essence, adenomyotic lesions are fundamentally wounds undergoing repeated tissue injury and repair (ReTIAR), which progress to fibrosis through epithelial–mesenchymal transition, fibroblast-to-myofibroblast transdifferentiation, and smooth muscle metaplasia. Increasing lesional fibrosis propagates into the neighboring EMI and endometrium. The increased endometrial fibrosis, with ensuing greater tissue stiffness, results in attenuated prostaglandin E2, hypoxia signaling and glycolysis, impairing endometrial repair and causing HMB. Compared with adenomyosis-associated HMB, the mechanisms underlying adenomyosis-associated pain are less understood but presumably involve increased uterine contractility, hyperinnervation, increased lesional production of pain mediators, and central sensitization. Viewed through the prism of ReTIAR, a new imaging technique can be used to diagnose adenomyosis more accurately and informatively and possibly help to choose the best treatment modality.
C/EBP-β contributes to pig endometrial LE receptivity by targeting cell remodeling genes during implantation
Authors: Sun Yan , Yang Yifen , Jiang Ziran , wang Feiyu , Han Kun , Hong Linjun , Cao Jianhua , Yu Mei
Published: September 2022

In brief

Transforming the endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) into a receptive state is a requisite event for successful embryo implantation. This study suggests the role of a transcription factor in regulating endometrial LE receptivity.

The endometrial luminal epithelium (LE) undergoes extensive remodeling during implantation to establish receptivity of the uterus in response to the conceptus signals, such as interleukin 1β (IL1B). But the mechanisms remain to be fully understood. This study investigated the role of CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (C/EBP-β) in regulating pig endometrial LE receptivity. Our results showed that C/EBP-β was expressed and activated only in the endometrial LE in an implantation-dependent manner. In addition, C/EBP-β was highly activated at the pre-attachment stage compared to the attachment stage, and its activation was correlated with the expression of IL1B-dependent extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2-p90 ribosomal S6 kinase signaling axis. Subsequent chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-sequencing analysis revealed that the binding of C/EBP-β within the promoter was positively associated with the transcription of genes related to cell remodeling. One such gene is matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), which is responsible for extracellular matrix degradation. The expression of MMP8 was abundant at the pre-attachment stage but dramatically declined at the attachment stage in the endometrial LE. Consistent with C/EBP-β, the expression and activation of MMP8 were limited to the endometrial LE in an implantation-dependent manner. Using ChIP-qPCR and electrophoresis mobility shift assay approaches, we demonstrated that C/EBP-β regulated the expression of the MMP8 gene during implantation. Furthermore, we detected that MMP8 and one of its substrates, type II collagen, showed a mutually exclusive expression pattern in pig endometrial LE during implantation. Our findings indicate that C/EBP-β plays a role in pig endometrial LE receptivity by regulating cell remodeling-related genes, such as MMP8, in response to conceptus signals during implantation.
ARSA PAYI KARŞILIĞI İNŞAAT SÖZLEŞMESİNİN UYARLANMASI
Authors: AŞAN Gülistan
Published: September 2022

Arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmesi yüklenicinin, arsa sahibinin arsası üze-rinde yapı inşa ve teslim etmeyi, arsa sahibinin de buna karşılık arsasının belli paylarını veya bağımsız bölümlerini devretmeyi taahhüt ettiği bir sözleşmedir. Arsa payı karşılığı inşaat sözleşmesi kurulurken yükleniciye devredilecek arsa payları başlangıçta kesin ve net olarak belirlendiği için bu durumda, 6098 sayı-lı Türk Borçlar Kanunu’nun (TBK) 480 hükmünde yer alan götürü bedelin var-lığı gündeme gelmektedir. Bu tip sözleşmelerde götürü bedel, sözleşme kuru-luş aşamasında belirlendiği için kural olarak değiştirilemez. Ancak istisnai durumlarda TBK m. 480/2 hükmünde düzenlenen şartların varlığı halinde yüklenicinin sözleşmeyi değişen koşullara uyarlanmasını talep etme hakkı doğmaktadır. Çalışmamızda, götürü bedelin riskini taşıyan yüklenicinin hangi şartlarda sözleşmenin uyarlanmasını talep edebileceği, uyarlamada uyulması gereken usûl ve uyarlama talebinin sonuçları incelenmiştir.
Switching inhibitor recognition by engineering isozymes of carbonic anhydrase
Authors:   , Smirnovienė Joana
Published: September 2022

Slopiklių atpažinimo perjungimas, panaudojant chimerinių karboanhidrazių izofermentų inžineriją
Towards an Intelligent Code Search Engine
Authors: Kim Jinhan , Lee Sanghoon , Hwang Seung-won , Kim Sunghun
Published: September 2022

Software developers increasingly rely on information from the Web, such as documents or code examples on Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), to facilitate their development processes. However, API documents often do not include enough information for developers to fully understand the API usages, while searching for good code examples requires non-trivial efforts. To address this problem, we propose a novel code search engine, combining the strength of browsing documents and searching for code examples, by returning documents embedded with high-quality code example summaries mined from the Web. Our evaluation results show that our approach provides code examples with high precision and boosts programmer productivity.
Temporal and Social Context Based Burst Detection from Folksonomies
Authors: Yao Junjie , Cui Bin , Huang Yuxin , Jin Xin
Published: September 2022

Burst detection is an important topic in temporal stream analysis. Usually, only the textual features are used in burst detection. In the theme extraction from current prevailing social media content, it is necessary to consider not only textual features but also the pervasive collaborative context, e.g., resource lifetime and user activity. This paper explores novel approaches to combine multiple sources of such indication for better burst extraction. We systematically investigate the characters of collaborative context, i.e., metadata frequency, topic coverage and user attractiveness. First, a robust state based model is utilized to detect bursts from individual streams. We then propose a learning method to combine these burst pulses. Experiments on a large real dataset demonstrate the remarkable improvements over the traditional methods.
Optimal Social Trust Path Selection in Complex Social Networks
Authors: Liu Guanfeng , Wang Yan , Orgun Mehmet
Published: September 2022

Online social networks are becoming increasingly popular and are being used as the means for a variety of rich activities. This demands the evaluation of the trustworthiness between two unknown participants along a certain social trust path between them in the social network. However, there are usually many social trust paths between participants. Thus, a challenging problem is finding which social trust path is the optimal one that can yield the most trustworthy evaluation result.In this paper, we first present a new complex social network structure and a new concept of Quality of Trust (QoT) to illustrate the ability to guarantee a certain level of trustworthiness in trust evaluation. We then model the optimal social trust path selection as a Multi-Constrained Optimal Path (MCOP) selection problem which is NP-Complete. For solving this problem, we propose an efficient approximation algorithm MONTE K based on the Monte Carlo method. The results of our experiments conducted on a real dataset of social networks illustrate that our proposed algorithm significantly outperforms existing approaches in both efficiency and the quality of selected social trust paths.
Session Based Click Features for Recency Ranking
Authors: Inagaki Yoshiyuki , Sadagopan Narayanan , Dupret Georges , Dong Anlei , Liao Ciya , Chang Yi , Zheng Zhaohui
Published: September 2022

Recency ranking refers to the ranking of web results by accounting for both relevance and freshness. This is particularly important for "recency sensitive" queries such as breaking news queries. In this study, we propose a set of novel click features to improve machine learned recency ranking. Rather than computing simple aggregate click through rates, we derive these features using the temporal click through data and query reformulation chains. One of the features that we use is click buzz that captures the spiking interest of a url for a query. We also propose time weighted click through rates which treat recent observations as being exponentially more important. The promotion of fresh content is typically determined by the query intent which can change dynamically over time. Quite often users query reformulations convey clues about the query's intent. Hence we enrich our click features by following query reformulations which typically benefit the first query in the chain of reformulations. Our experiments show these novel features can improve the NDCG5 of a major online search engine's ranking for "recency sensitive" queries by up to 1.57%. This is one of the very few studies that exploits temporal click through data and query reformulations for recency ranking.
Sentiment Analysis with Global Topics and Local Dependency
Authors: Li Fangtao , Huang Minlie , Zhu Xiaoyan
Published: September 2022

With the development of Web 2.0, sentiment analysis has now become a popular research problem to tackle. Recently, topic models have been introduced for the simultaneous analysis for topics and the sentiment in a document. These studies, which jointly model topic and sentiment, take the advantage of the relationship between topics and sentiment, and are shown to be superior to traditional sentiment analysis tools. However, most of them make the assumption that, given the parameters, the sentiments of the words in the document are all independent. In our observation, in contrast, sentiments are expressed in a coherent way. The local conjunctive words, such as “and” or “but”, are often indicative of sentiment transitions. In this paper, we propose a major departure from the previous approaches by making two linked contributions. First, we assume that the sentiments are related to the topic in the document, and put forward a joint sentiment and topic model, i.e. Sentiment-LDA. Second, we observe that sentiments are dependent on local context. Thus, we further extend the Sentiment-LDA model to Dependency-Sentiment-LDA model by relaxing the sentiment independent assumption in Sentiment-LDA. The sentiments of words are viewed as a Markov chain in Dependency-Sentiment-LDA. Through experiments, we show that exploiting the sentiment dependency is clearly advantageous, and that the Dependency-Sentiment-LDA is an effective approach for sentiment analysis.
Fast Algorithms for Top-k Approximate String Matching
Authors: Yang Zhenglu , Yu Jianjun , Kitsuregawa Masaru
Published: September 2022

Top-k approximate querying on string collections is an important data analysis tool for many applications, and it has been exhaustively studied. However, the scale of the problem has increased dramatically because of the prevalence of the Web. In this paper, we aim to explore the efficient top-k similar string matching problem. Several efficient strategies are introduced, such as length aware and adaptive q-gram selection. We present a general q-gram based framework and propose two efficient algorithms based on the strategies introduced. Our techniques are experimentally evaluated on three real data sets and show a superior performance.
Hidden Market Design
Authors: Seuken Sven , Jain Kamal , Parkes David
Published: September 2022

The next decade will see an abundance of new intelligent systems, many of which will be market-based. Soon, users will interact with many new markets, perhaps without even knowing it: when driving their car, when listening to a song, when backing up their files, or when surfing the web. We argue that these new systems can only be successful if a new approach is chosen towards designing them. In this paper we introduce the general problem of "Hidden Market Design." The design of a "weakly hidden" market involves reducing some of the market complexities and providing a user interface (UI) that makes the interaction seamless for the user. A "strongly hidden market" is one where some semantic aspect of a market is hidden altogether (e.g., budgets, prices, combinatorial constraints). We show that the intersection of UI design and market design is of particular importance for this research agenda. To illustrate hidden market design, we give a series of potential applications. We hope that the problem of hidden market design will inspire other researchers and lead to new research in this direction, paving the way for more successful market-based systems in the future.
Ad Hoc Autonomous Agent Teams: Collaboration without Pre-Coordination
Authors: Stone Peter , Kaminka Gal , Kraus Sarit , Rosenschein Jeffrey
Published: September 2022

As autonomous agents proliferate in the real world, both in software and robotic settings, they will increasingly need to band together for cooperative activities with previously unfamiliar teammates. In such ad hoc team settings, team strategies cannot be developed a priori. Rather, an agent must be prepared to cooperate with many types of teammates: it must collaborate without pre-coordination. This paper challenges the AI community to develop theory and to implement prototypes of ad hoc team agents. It defines the concept of ad hoc team agents, specifies an evaluation paradigm, and provides examples of possible theoretical and empirical approaches to challenge. The goal is to encourage progress towards this ambitious, newly realistic, and increasingly important research goal.
Computing Cost-Optimal Definitely Discriminating Tests
Authors: Schumann Anika , Huang Jinbo , Sachenbacher Martin
Published: September 2022

The goal of testing is to discriminate between multiple hypotheses about a system - for example, different fault diagnoses - by applying input patterns and verifying or falsifying the hypotheses from the observed outputs. Definitely discriminating tests (DDTs) are those input patterns that are guaranteed to discriminate between different hypotheses of non-deterministic systems. Finding DDTs is important in practice, but can be very expensive. Even more challenging is the problem of finding a DDT that minimizes the cost of the testing process, i.e., an input pattern that can be most cheaply enforced and that is a DDT. This paper addresses both problems. We show how we can transform a given problem into a Boolean structure in decomposable negation normal form (DNNF), and extract from it a Boolean formula whose models correspond to DDTs. This allows us to harness recent advances in both knowledge compilation and satisfiability for efficient and scalable DDT computation in practice. Furthermore, we show how we can generate a DNNF structure compactly encoding all DDTs of the problem and use it to obtain a cost-optimal DDT in time linear in the size of the structure. Experimental results from a real-world application show that our method can compute DDTs in less than 1 second for instances that were previously intractable, and cost-optimal DDTs in less than 20 seconds where previous approaches could not even compute an arbitrary DDT.
Optimal Rectangle Packing on Non-Square Benchmarks
Authors: Huang Eric , Korf Richard
Published: September 2022

The rectangle packing problem consists of finding an enclosing rectangle of smallest area that can contain a given set of rectangles without overlap. We propose two new benchmarks, one where the orientation of the rectangles is fixed and one where it is free, that include rectangles of various aspect ratios. The new benchmarks avoid certain properties of easy instances, which we identify as instances where rectangles have dimensions in common or where a few rectangles occupy most of the area. Our benchmarks are much more difficult for the previous state-of-the-art solver, requiring orders of magnitude more time, compared to similar-sized instances from a popular benchmark consisting only of squares. On the new benchmarks, we improve upon the previous strategy used to handle dominance conditions, we define a variable order over non-square rectangles that generalizes previous strategies, and we present a way to adjust the sizes of intervals of values for each rectangle's x-coordinates. Using these techniques together, we can solve the new oriented benchmark about 500 times faster, and the new unoriented benchmark about 40 times faster than the previous state-of-the-art.
Exploiting Monotonicity in Interval Constraint Propagation
Authors: Araya Ignacio , Trombettoni Gilles , Neveu Bertrand
Published: September 2022

We propose in this paper a new interval constraint propagation algorithm, called MOnotonic Hull Consistency (Mohc), that exploits monotonicity of functions. The propagation is standard, but the Mohc-Revise procedure, used to filter/contract the variable domains w.r.t. an individual constraint, uses monotonic versions of the classical HC4-Revise and BoxNarrow procedures. Mohc-Revise appears to be the first adaptive revise procedure ever proposed in (interval) constraint programming.  Also, when a function is monotonic w.r.t. every variable, Mohc-Revise is proven to compute the optimal/sharpest box enclosing all the solutions of the corresponding constraint (hull consistency). Very promising experimental results suggest that Mohc has the potential to become an alternative to the state-of-the-art HC4 and Box algorithms.
A New Algorithm for Weighted Partial MaxSAT
Authors: Ansotegui Carlos , Bonet Maria Luisa , Levy Jordi
Published: September 2022

We present and implement a Weighted Partial MaxSAT solver based on successive calls to a SAT solver. We prove the correctness of our algorithm and compare our solver with other Weighted Partial MaxSAT solvers.
Exploiting QBF Duality on a Circuit Representation
Authors: Goultiaeva Alexandra , Bacchus Fahiem
Published: September 2022

Search based solvers for Quantified Boolean Formulas (QBF) have adapted the SAT solver techniques of unit propagation and clause learning to prune falsifying assignments. The technique of cube learning has been developed to help them prune satisfying assignments. Cubes, however, have not been able to achieve the same degree of effectiveness as clauses. In this paper we demonstrate how a circuit representation for QBF can support the propagation of dual truth values. The dual values support the identical techniques of unit propagation and clause learning, except now it is satisfying assignments rather than falsifying assignments that are pruned. Dual value propagation thus exploits the circuit representation and the duality of QBF formulas so that the same effective SAT techniques can now be used to prune both falsifying and satisfyingly assignments. We show empirically that dual propagation yields significantperformance improvements and advances the state of the art in QBF solving.
A Stronger Consistency for Soft Global Constraints in Weighted Constraint Satisfaction
Authors: Lee Jimmy , Leung K.
Published: September 2022

Weighted Constraint Satisfaction is made practical by powerful consistency techniques, such as AC*, FDAC* and EDAC*, which reduce search space effectively and efficiently during search, but they are designed for only binary and ternary constraints. To allow soft global constraints, usually of high arity, to enjoy the same benefits, Lee and Leung give polynomial time algorithms to enforce generalized AC* (GAC*) and FDAC* (FDGAC*) for projection-safe soft non-binary constraints. Generalizing the stronger EDAC* is less straightforward. In this paper, we first reveal the oscillation problem when enforcing EDAC* on constraints sharing more than one variable. To avoid oscillation, we propose a weak version of EDAC* and generalize it to weak EDGAC* for non-binary constraints. Weak EDGAC* is stronger than FDGAC* and GAC*, but weaker than VAC and soft k-consistency for k > 2. We also show that weak EDGAC* can be enforced in polynomial time for projection-safe constraints. Extensive experimentation confirms the efficiency of our proposal.
Coalition Structure Generation based on Distributed Constraint Optimization
Authors: Ueda Suguru , Iwasaki Atsushi , Yokoo Makoto , Silaghi Marius , Hirayama Katsutoshi , Matsui Toshihiro
Published: September 2022

Forming effective coalitions is a major research challenge in AI and multi-agent systems (MAS). Coalition Structure generation (CSG) involves partitioning a set of agents into coalitions so that social surplus (the sum of the rewards of all coalitions) is maximized. A partition is called a Coalition Structure (CS). In traditional works, the value of a coalition is given by a black box function called a characteristic function. In this paper, we propose a novel formalization of CSG, i.e., we assume the value of a characteristic function is given by an optimal solution of a distributed constraint optimization problem (DCOP) among the agents of a coalition. A DCOP is a popular approach for modeling cooperative agents, since it is quite general and can formalize various application problems in MAS. At first glance, one might assume that the computational costs required in this approach would be too expensive, since we need to solve an NP-hard problem just to obtain the value of a single coalition. To optimally solve a CSG, we might need to solve n-th power of 2 DCOP problem instances, where n is the number of agents. However, quite surprisingly, we show that an approximation algorithm, whose computational cost is about the same as solving just one DCOP, can find a CS with quality guarantees. More specifically, we develop an algorithm with parameter k that can find a CS whose social surplus is at least max(k/(w*+1), 2k/n) of the optimal CS, where w* is the tree width of a constraint graph. When k=1, the complexity of this algorithm is about the same as solving just one DCOP. These results illustrate that the locality of interactions among agents, which is explicitly modeled in the DCOP formalization, is quite useful in developing an efficient CSG algorithm with quality guarantees.