bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Time‐Dependent Cation Selectivity of Titanium Carbide MXene in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Wang Lei , Torkamanzadeh Mohammad , Majed Ahmad , Zhang Yuan , Wang Qingsong , Breitung Ben , Feng Guang , Naguib Michael , Presser Volker
Published: January 2022

Electrochemical ion separation is a promising technology to recover valuable ionic species from water. Pseudocapacitive materials, especially 2D materials, are up‐and‐coming electrodes for electrochemical ion separation. For implementation, it is essential to understand the interplay of the intrinsic preference of a specific ion (by charge/size), kinetic ion preference (by mobility), and crystal structure changes. Ti3C2Tz MXene is chosen here to investigate its selective behavior toward alkali and alkaline earth cations. Utilizing an online inductively coupled plasma system, it is found that Ti3C2Tz shows a time‐dependent selectivity feature. In the early stage of charging (up to about 50 min), K+ is preferred, while ultimately Ca2+ and Mg2+ uptake dominate; this unique phenomenon is related to dehydration energy barriers and the ion exchange effect between divalent and monovalent cations. Given the wide variety of MXenes, this work opens the door to a new avenue where selective ion‐separation with MXene can be further engineered and optimized.
Rational Design of Bimetallic Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework‐Derived C, N Dual‐Doped ZnO/Co for Boosting Lithium Storage
Authors: Lu Man , Zhang Yuze , Huang Qianhong , Li Xueyi , Lin Xiaoming , Zeb Akif , Xu Chao , Luo Qiong , Xu Xuan
Published: January 2022

Lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are the preeminent technology for energy storage, having the highest energy density for large‐scale commercial applications. Owing to üast assiduous studies, a good number of reported advanced anode materials possess excellent electrochemical properties. In this work, a porous C, N dual‐doped ZnO/Co composite is successfully prepared by metal–organic frameworks (MOF)‐template mediated synthesis method utilizing a self‐sacrificing template of bimetallic zeolitic imidazolate framework (denoted as ZnCo‐ZIF) and is tested as a lithium‐ion battery anode material. Due to the advantageous structural and morphological features, such as well‐defined open framework clusters with polyhedron crystal structure, conductive porous carbon network and synergistic effects, the as‐prepared C, N dual‐doped ZnO/Co electrode delivers a specific capacity of 800 mAh g‐1 at 0.2 A g‐1 for 500 cycles together with unprecedented cycling ability of 590 mAh g‐1 at 1 A g‐1 over 1000 cycles. Moreover, density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrate the relationship between the electronic structure and electrochemical activity of ZnO/Co anode material. These results show that the synthesized C, N dual‐doped ZnO/Co is a promising high‐performance anode material for LIBs.
Intrinsic Valley Polarization in Computationally Discovered Two‐Dimensional Ferrovalley Materials: LaI2and PrI2Monolayers
Authors: Sharan Abhishek , Singh Nirpendra
Published: January 2022

Ferrovalley materials with intrinsic valley polarization present a novel space for materials exploration suitable for valleytronic applications. Here, two Ferrovalley materials, LaI2and PrI2monolayers, exhibiting intrinsic valley polarizations of 28 and 35 meV, respectively, mediated by strong magnetic exchange interaction and spin‐orbit coupling are computationally discovered. The unconstrained crystal structure prediction algorithm is used to predict the structures of bulk LaI2and PrI2, which are layered and analogous to the 2H phase of transition metal dichalcogenides. The monolayers have small exfoliation energy (smaller than MoS2) and exhibit dynamical, mechanical, and thermodynamical stability, advocating their experimental realization. Valley polarization under the effect of bi‐axial strain is preserved and can be used to enhance valley splitting. Finally, the anomalous hall properties of both the monolayers under the effect of in‐plane electric field are discussed. Both the materials exhibit significant anomalous Hall conductivity with proper tuning of the Fermi level.
Multiparametric Material Functionality of Microtissue‐Based In Vitro Models as Alternatives to Animal Testing
Authors: Stengelin Elena , Thiele Julian , Seiffert Sebastian
Published: January 2022

With the definition of the 3R principle by Russel and Burch in 1959, the search for an adequate substitute for animal testing has become one of the most important tasks and challenges of this time, not only from an ethical, but also from a scientific, economic, and legal point of view. Microtissue‐based in vitro model systems offer a valuable approach to address this issue by accounting for the complexity of natural tissues in a simplified manner. To increase the functionality of these model systems and thus make their use as a substitute for animal testing more likely in the future, the fundamentals need to be continuously improved. Corresponding requirements exist in the development of multifunctional, hydrogel‐based materials, whose properties are considered in this review under the aspects of processability, adaptivity, biocompatibility, and stability/degradability.
One‐step thermal processing of BaCe0.8Y0.2O3−δ hydrogen permeable multichannel hollow fiber membrane
Authors: Wang Tianlei , Fan Zheng , Wang Shoufei , Zheng Qiankun , Tan Jinkun , Liu Zhengkun , Zhang Guangru , Jin Wanqin
Published: January 2022

BaCe0.8Y0.2O3−δ (BCY) is the most widely studied proton‐conducting material and is frequently fabricated as a dense membrane for hydrogen separation. However, the limitation of preparing dense BCY membranes is the extremely high sintering temperature (>1500°C). Herein, the BCY 7‐channel hollow fiber membrane was prepared by a one‐step thermal processing (OSTP) with Co2O3 as a sintering aid. The results showed that the addition of 1 wt.% Co2O3 at a reduced temperature of 1350°C was the optimum composition and sintering condition for densification and forming a single perovskite‐phase structure. The hydrogen permeation flux of the BCY hollow fiber membrane reached up to 0.34 ml min−1 cm−2 at 900°C. The long‐term stability test was conducted for 300 h. The successful attempt of such a strategy provides a green and straightforward path for the preparation of dense ceramic proton‐conducting membranes on a large scale. This promotes its industrial application in high‐temperature hydrogen separation.
Drug‐Loaded Mucoadhesive Patch with Active Delivery and Controlled Releasing Ability
Authors: Lee Jihun , Kim Dong-in , Bang Seungmin , Park Sukho
Published: January 2022

Herein, a mucoadhesive patch for gastrointestinal tracts with active delivery, hyperthermia, and controlled drug release function using a magnetically actuated capsule is proposed to overcome the drug delivery and efficiency challenges of wireless structures. The proposed patch has excellent adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract and contains anticancer drug doxorubicin and magnetic nanoparticles. This enables hyperthermia and the controlled release of the loaded drug under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). In addition, it can be delivered to multiple intestinal target lesions using a magnetically actuated capsule. Characteristic analyses of the proposed patch are performed, such as morphology, adhesion force measurement with intestine, temperature change under an AMF, and drug release. The feasibility of the patch delivery into the gastrointestinal tract is verified through locomotion performance tests and ex vivo patch delivery experiments using a magnetically actuated capsule. Finally, through an in vitro therapeutic effect test, the death of tumor cells using the proposed patch is confirmed. As a result, the possibility that the multiple mucoadhesive patches can be delivered to target lesions in a digestive tract through a magnetically actuated capsule and can treat the lesions through hyperthermia and active drug release using an AMF stimulation is verified.
Temperature‐Directed Formation of Anisotropic Kettlebell and Tadpole Nanostructures in the Absence of a Swelling‐Induced Solvent
Authors: Chen Sung‐Po R. , Bobrin Valentin A. , Jia Zhongfan , Monteiro Michael J.
Published: January 2022

Anisotropic Janus (“snowman”) nanoparticles with a single protrusion are currently made via the solvent swelling‐induced method. Here, we demonstrate without the aid of toxic solvents a generally applicable method for the formation of anisotropic polymer nanoparticles directly in water by controlling polymer mobility through tuning its glass transition temperature (Tg). Spherical structures, formed immediately after the emulsion polymerization, transformed into uniform tadpoles (with head diameter ≈60 nm and tail length ≈130 nm) through the protrusion of a single cylindrical tail when cooled to a temperature above the Tg of the polymer. Cooling the spheres to below the Tg produced kinetically trapped kettlebell structures that could be freeze‐dried and rehydrated without any structural change. These unique kettlebells could transform into uniform tadpoles by heating above the Tg, representing a triggered and on‐demand structural reorganization.
Biophysicochemical studies of a ruthenium (II) nitrosyl thioether‐thiolate complex binding to BSA: Mechanistic information, molecular docking, and relationship to antibacterial and cytotoxic activities
Authors: Shereef Hadeer A. , Shaban Shaban Y. , Moemen Yasmine S. , El‐Khouly Mohamed E. , El‐Nahas Ahmed M.
Published: January 2022

The purpose of this study was to extensively explore in vitro protein binding to [Ru (NO)(Et2NpyS4)]Br (RuNOTSP) and its ligand (TSP), correlate the findings with antibacterial and cytotoxic effects, and try to answer the question: Is the metal center always important for binding? With the aid of stopped‐flow and other spectroscopic and computational methods, the interaction between RuNOTSP and TSP and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was studied and a mechanism was proposed. From UV–Vis and fluorescence experiments, a static quenching mechanism and binding constants at a single site demonstrated the higher stability of the RuNOTSP‐BSA system at 298 K compared with TSP‐BSA. Stopped‐flow experiments indicated that binding of RuNOTSP and TSP to BSA is accomplished mainly via a two‐step mechanism: a fast second‐order binding followed by a slow first‐order isomerization process. The first reaction step is reversible with coordinate affinity Ka1 190 (RuNOTSP) and 50 M−1 (TSP). The second step for RuNOTSP is a reversible reaction with Ka2 of 76.4 M−1, whereas an irreversible step that was observed with a K2 of 0.18 M−1 for TSP indicates that TSP‐BSA is kinetically more stable than RuNOTSP‐BSA. The results revealed that the ruthenium center not only improves reaction rate through coordination affinity but also changes the binding process. Mode and strength of interaction of RuNOTSP and TSP with protein have also been supported by molecular docking and showed that RuNOTSP is located in IA pocket (Trp134) with a binding affinity (−7.27 kcal/mol), a slightly lower than TSP (−8.05 kcal/mol), and these results are in agreement with the binding constants. Furthermore, antibacterial testing revealed that RuNOTSP and TSP had high antibacterial activity against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria. They are also highly cytotoxic to HepG2 human liver cancer cells. Because the TSP‐BSA complex is kinetically more stable than that of RuNOTSP, the former illustrated better antibacterial and cytotoxic activities.
Electrochemical Decarboxylative Cyclization of α‐Amino‐Oxy Acids to Access Phenanthridine Derivatives
Authors: Zhan Yanling , Dai Changhui , Zhu Zitong , Liu Ping , Sun Peipei
Published: January 2022

Phenanthridines are a class of useful heterocycles in the field of drug development. In this work, a method via electrochemical decarboxylative cyclization of α‐amino‐oxy acids to access phenanthridine derivatives was developed. This reaction proceeded through iminyl radical formation cascade intramolecular cyclization from readily available materials under environmentally friendly conditions. A wide range of phenanthridine derivatives were obtained in moderate to high yields.
Racism and the future of antiracism in education: A critical analysis of the Sewell Report
Authors: Tikly Leon
Published: January 2022

This article provides an analysis and critique of the education component of the 2021 Sewell Report on Race and Ethnic Disparities. Discussion focuses on the report’s spurious claims to objectivity, the erasure of racism and the inadequacy of its recommendations. It is suggested, however, that despite its many flaws, the Sewell Report poses challenges for those who have traditionally been aligned with antiracism in education. The article concludes by setting out a vision for a new progressive project aimed at advancing racial and cultural justice that, it is suggested, can begin to address these challenges.
Altered triglyceride glucose index and fasted serum triglyceride high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio predict incidence of cardiovascular disease in the Mashhad cohort study
Authors: Mirshafiei Hassan , Darroudi Susan , Ghayour‐Mobarhan Majid , Esmaeili Habibollah , AkbariRad Mina , Mouhebati Mohsen , Ferns Gordon A.
Published: January 2022

The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and triglyceride/high lipoprotein density cholesterol (TG/HDL‐C) are two important risk markers to evaluate the insulin resistance and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). To assess the association between TG/HDL‐C and TyG index and CVDs. The Mashhad stroke and heart association disorder cohort study started in 2010 and has been continued until 2020. During 6‐year follow‐up of 9704 participants, 235 events including 118 acute coronary syndrome (ACS), 83 chronic coronary syndrome, 27 myocardial infarction, and 27 cardiac death were confirmed. SPSS software (version 21) was used for statistical analysis and figures were drawn by GraphPad Prism 6 software. The prevalence of ACS and cardiac death were higher in the fourth quartile of serum TG/HDL‐C (>4.43) and higher prevalence of ACS was considered in subjects classified in the fourth quartile of TyG index (>8.98). A high TyG index was associated with an increased risk of ACS and cardiac death [1.362 (95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.013–1.831]) and 2.3 (95% CI: [1.247–4.241])] respectively; based on Cox regression analysis elevated TyG and TG/HDL‐C increased the chance of CVD by [1.634 (95% CI: 1.304–2.047) and 1.068 (95% CI: 1.031–1.105)], respectively. Our results strongly showed that TyG index and TG/HDL‐C are independent risk factors for incident CVD, suggesting that TyG index and TG/HDL‐C may be as an important unique biomarker for predicting CVD outcomes and progression.
Linking stakeholder and competitive pressure to Industry 4.0 and performance: Mediating effect of environmental commitment and green process innovation
Authors: Bhatia Manjot Singh , Kumar Saurabh
Published: January 2022

In the recent few years, with an increase in focus on sustainability, firms have been actively pursuing different strategies to contribute towards sustainability. Industry 4.0 (I4) technologies can help organizations to achieve superior environmental as well as economic performance. Through the lens of stakeholder theory (ST) and Schumpeterian view of competition (SCV), this paper examines whether stakeholder and competitive pressures towards sustainability stimulate organizations to implement I4 technologies and commensurate performance outcomes. The study further tests the mediating role of environmental commitment and green process innovation (GPI) on these relationships. The proposed hypotheses are examined using the survey data from 173 manufacturing firms in India by partial least squares (PLS) approach. Findings show that environmental commitment mediates the effect of stakeholder and competitive pressures on I4 technologies. Further, results also show that GPI mediates between I4 technologies and performance. The findings provide insights for managers on how they can best respond to stakeholder and competitive pressures on sustainability and contribute towards sustainable development.
Pharmacological inhibition of UPR sensor PERK attenuates HIV Tat‐induced inflammatory M1 phenotype in microglial cells
Authors: Silveira Douglas Bardini , Américo Monique Ferrary , Flores Natália Porto , Terenzi Hernán , Pinto Aguinaldo Roberto
Published: January 2022

HIV‐1‐associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are a major concern in HIV‐infected individuals despite the currently available antiretroviral therapy regime. Impaired M1 pro‐inflammatory microglial activation is considered one of the hallmark features of HAND neuropathogenesis, and it has been suggested that circulant HIV‐1 transactivator protein (Tat) can play a critical role in this process. At the same time, endoplasmatic reticulum (ER) stress has also been implicated in neurodegenerative conditions resulting from the accumulation of misfolded proteins and subsequent unfolded protein response (UPR) deflagration. Here, we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of UPR‐related protein kinase R‐like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) can attenuate HIV‐1 Tat‐induced M1 inflammatory state in microglia in vitro. Our initial experiments demonstrate that the bystander stimulus of recombinant Tat on BV‐2 microglial cells result in the coupled overexpression of central UPR markers and pro‐inflammatory mediators such as iNOS, surface CD16/32 and secreted tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), IL‐6, monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)‐1 and NO. We show that blocking PERK‐eIF2‐α‐ATF4 signalling using the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414 leads to reduced inflammatory response in M1‐like BV‐2 cells activated by recombinant Tat. Taken together, these findings suggest that PERK targeting may provide a therapeutic intervention to mitigate against lasting neuroinflammation and neuronal loss in of HAND.
Procedural and clinical outcomes after repeat edge‐to‐edge transcatheter mitral valve repair
Authors: Freixa Xavier , Estévez‐Loureiro Rodrigo , Pascual Isaac , Carrasco‐Chinchilla Fernando , Sanchis Laura , Nombela‐Franco Luis , Benito‐González Tomás , Li Pedro , Flores‐Umanzor Eduardo , Amat‐Santos Ignacio , Baz Jose A. , Jiménez‐Quevedo Pilar , Hernández Felipe , Fernández‐Peregrina Estefania , Alonso‐Briales Juan H. , Avanzas Pablo , Fernández‐Vazquez Felipe , Arzamendi Dabit
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives

Evidence regarding redo percutaneous interventions for recurrent mitral regurgitation is scarce. We ought to evaluate procedural and clinical outcomes of repeated edge‐to‐edge transcatheter mitral valve repair (TMVR) interventions.

Methods

This multicenter study collected individual data from eight high‐volume TMVR Centers in Spain. Between 2012 and 2020, all patients undergoing a second edge‐to‐edge TMVR intervention (Redo) were included in the study.

Results

Among a total of 1028 procedures, 31 patients (3%) with residual MR ≥ 3 at follow‐up underwent a second procedure (Redo). Redo intervention was mainly conducted between the first and second year after the first procedure. The most common cause of MR progression was partial detachment (46.7%) followed by LV remodeling (35.5%). Procedural success was achieved in 87% of cases. After a mean follow‐up of 1.75 ± 1.54 years, all‐cause and cardiovascular mortality were 48.1% and 25%, respectively. Nearly half of the patients (48.1%) required at least one hospital admission for CHF within the follow‐up period. However, most of the patients presented symptomatic improvement as depicted by an NYHA class ≤2. Elective mitral surgery was conducted in only one patient at follow‐up due to insufficient MR reduction.

Conclusions

According to our findings, redo edge‐to‐edge TMVR interventions were feasible and safe with a high procedural success rate. Clinical and echocardiographic follow‐up showed however modest long‐term results in this specific setting.
Magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in encephalomyelitis due to paralytic rabies: A case report
Authors: Gajurel Bikram Prasad , Gautam Niraj , Shrestha Ashish , Bogati Nishchal , Bista Mamata , Ojha Rajeev , Rajbhandari Reema , Karn Ragesh
Published: January 2022

The diagnosis of rabies, a potentially fatal neuroinfectious disease, should be strongly considered in all patients who develop encephalitis following an infected animal bite even when they have received post‐exposure prophylaxis. In the absence of confirmatory tests, typical magnetic resonance imaging findings help confirm the clinical diagnosis of rabies.
Unravelling Anion Solvation in Water‐Alcohol Mixtures by Single Entity Electrochemistry
Authors: Saw En Ning , Kanokkanchana Kannasoot , Amin Hatem M. A. , Tschulik Kristina
Published: January 2022

Single entity electrochemistry is employed to gain insights into ion solvation in solvent mixtures. To this end, the time required for the oxidation of individual indicator nanoparticles to sparingly soluble products is used to probe ionic diffusion, and hence gain new insights into the solvation properties of solvent mixtures. Herein, water‐ethanol or water‐methanol mixtures of different compositions are analyzed following this new approach, using silver nanoparticle oxidation in the presence of chloride and iodide as a complementary indicator reaction. For increasing concentrations of the bulkier alcohol molecules in the mixtures with water, an increasing content of alcohol molecules in the halide's solvation shell is detected by the observation of hindered halide diffusion. The extent of this solvent replacement is shown to scale with the charge density of the ions and the experimental results are rationalized with respect to literature‐derived thermodynamic data, highlighting the ability of single entity electrochemistry to explore solvation in solvent mixtures.
Cation‐/Anion‐Based Physicochemical Mechanisms for Anodically Coloring Electrochromic Nickel Oxide Thin Films
Authors: Qu Hui‐Ying , Wang Xiyang , Chen Ding , Bai Zhihao , Wang Nannan , Zhu Yan‐Qiu , Tong Zhangfa , Ji Hongbing , Niklasson Gunnar A.
Published: January 2022

The rapidly expanding field of intelligent ion‐based devices has increased interest in the use of anodically‐coloring electrochromic nickel oxide thin films. The degradation and coloration mechanisms of nickel oxide, especially in Li+‐based electrolytes, are yet to be well understood. Herein we demonstrate that high potentials have a positive effect on the electrochromic performance of nickel oxide thin films. Our studies show that Cl− ions involved in the electrochromic process have been accumulated on the surface of the films upon extended electrochemical cycling, as confirmed by the X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy. X‐ray Absorption Spectroscopy results indicate that the formation of Ni−Cl bonds influence the structural distortion and that the hybridization between Ni 3d and O 2p orbitals has been enhanced. Density functional theory calculations provide further insights for the band structures and how they change when Li+ and Cl− are adsorbed. Our results have revealed the underlying physical and chemical origins associated with the coloration mechanism and the degradation of nickel oxide thin films and highlighted the key role of Cl−. These new understandings will advance the development of superior electrochromic materials and the designing of efficient and durable electrochromic devices, both experimentally and theoretically.
Characteristics and long‐term prognosis of patients with reduced, mid‐range, and preserved ejection fraction: A systemic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Liang Min , Bian Bo , Yang Qing
Published: January 2022

Aims

Patients with heart failure (HF) have a poor prognosis and are categorized by ejection fraction. We performed a meta‐analysis to compare baseline characteristics and long‐term outcomes of patients with heart failure with reduced (HFrEF), mid‐range (HFmrEF), and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF).

Methods and Results

A total of 27 prospective studies were included. Patients with HFpEF were older and had a higher proportion of females, hypertension, diabetes, and insufficient neuroendocrine antagonist treatments, while patients with HFrEF and HFmrEF had a higher prevalence of coronary heart disease and chronic kidney disease. After more than 1‐year of follow‐up, all‐cause mortality was significantly lower in patients with HFmrEF 9388/25 042 (37.49%) than those with HFrEF 39 333/90 023 (43.69%) and HFpEF 24 828/52 492 (47.30%) (p < .001). Cardiovascular mortality was lowest in patients with HFpEF 1130/9904 (11.41%), highest in patients with HFrEF 3419/16 277 (21.07%) mainly coming from HF death and sudden cardiac death, and middle in patients with HFmrEF 699/5171 (13.52%) and the non‐cardiovascular mortality was on the contrary. Subgroup analysis showed that in high‐risk patients with atrial fibrillation, the all‐cause mortality of HFpEF was significantly higher than both HFrEF and HFmrEF (p < .001). HF hospitalization was lowest in patients with HFmrEF 1822/5285 (34.47%), highest in patients with HFrEF 12 607/28 590 (44.10%) and middle in patients with HFpEF 8686/22 763 (38.16%) and the composite of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization was also observed similar results.

Conclusions

In summary, patients with HFmrEF had the lowest incidence of all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization, while the highest all‐cause mortality and HF hospitalization rates were HFpEF and HFrEF patients, respectively.
Bifunctional Interfacial Regulation with 4‐(Trifluoromethyl) Benzoic Acid to Reduce the Photovoltage Deficit of MAPbI3‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Dong Hongye , Shen Guibin , Lin Zhichao , Cai Qingbin , Li Yiyi , Xu Xiangning , Zhang Wenqi , Mu Cheng
Published: January 2022

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs), which have recently achieved more than 25% efficiency, are highly promising candidates for renewable energy generation. However, the interface of these solar cells is not yet fully understood. Herein, we used self‐assembled monolayers (SAMs) to regulate the interface of a SnO2 electron transport layer (ETL) and a common MAPbI3 perovskite absorber. Three different monolayers indicate that the contiguous terminal groups and charge distribution of their molecules influence interfacial properties and photovoltaic performance. Aligned energy levels, lower surface tension, and higher quality perovskite crystallization were obtained after SAM regulation. Consequently, applying a 4‐(trifluoromethyl) benzoic acid (BA‐CF3) SAM improved the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the resulting PSC from 16.84% to 18.67%. Moreover, a high open‐circuit voltage (VOC) of 1.160 V was achieved with significantly reduced defects and non‐radiative recombination. This work highlights the regulation of these interfaces by a molecule for achieving high‐performance PSCs.
Variable dust charge generates a special type of nonlinear structures through modified Gardner equations
Authors: Ghosh Uday Narayan
Published: January 2022

Nonlinear damped modified Gardner equation is derived from the dust hydrodynamic model in dusty plasma, which is collisional, unmagnetized, and has two temperature ions. An extended version of the reductive perturbation technique (RPT) is used to derive the said equations. Approximate analytical solitary wave solution is obtained for compositional parameters near the critical composition. It is found that various nonlinear structures like super periodic, superhomoclinic, and special types of nonlinear structures are emerging while an investigation is done through the system of first‐order differential equations. The effects of different plasma parameters like collisions and dust charge variables on the wave structures have been noticed. In the circumstances of nebulas, interstellar clouds, planetary magnetospheres, and cometary environments recognized by astrophysicists, Voyager spacecraft observation on the fine structure of Saturn's rings, semiconductor devices, it has been investigated that the dust charge variable modifies the super nonlinear structures significantly.
Jörg Matthias Determann. Islam, Science Fiction and Extraterrestrial Life: The Culture of Astrobiology in the Muslim World. I. B. Tauris, London, 2021: Jörg Matthias Determann. Space Science and the Arab World: Astronauts, Observatories and Nationalism in the Middle East. I. B. Tauris, London, 2018
Authors: Stenberg Leif
Published: January 2022

This review discusses two books by Jörg Mathias Determann. The books explore space science in the Arab world and Islam, science fiction and extraterrestrial life in the Muslim world. Both are detailed accounts, and they place their respective subjects in a historical context. The books also present and analyse topics such as science, science fiction, and astrobiology, which are rarely the focus of scholars of the so‐called Arab and Muslim worlds. Hence, the books are important. They contribute to a broadening of the fields studying Islam, Muslims, and the Middle East by highlighting themes that require scholarly analysis.
Nasir, Kamaludeen Mohmed. 2020. Representing Islam: Hip‐Hop of the September 11 Generation. Indiana University Press, p. 222, December 1
Authors: Ackfeldt Anders
Published: January 2022

The book Representing Islam: Hip‐Hop of the September 11 Generation (2020) by Kamaludeen Mohmed Nasir explores the entangled relationship between Islam and hip‐hop. The book centers around Muslim hip‐hop artists affected by the war on terror and the long‐term consequences of the 9/11 attacks; increased surveillance, a securitization of Islam, and an amplified islamophobia, not only in the United States but around the world. The centrality of 9/11 for this diverse group of young Muslim artists is reflected in the fact that references to the attacks have been staples in aural, visual, and textual modes and occur as t‐shirt prints, in punch lines, and metaphors as well as on record covers and sound bites.
Enantioselective Pd‐Catalyzed Allylic Substitution using Phosphite‐Oxazoline PHOX‐Based Ligands containing a Methylene Linker
Authors: de la Cruz‐Sánchez Pol , Biosca Maria , Magre Marc , Faiges Jorge , Margalef Jéssica , Pàmies Oscar , Diéguez Montserrat
Published: January 2022

High enantioselectivities (up to 99 %) and activities (TOF's up to >4000 h−1) are accomplished in the Pd‐catalyzed allylic substitution of a wide range of substrate types and nucleophiles using a family of phosphite‐oxazoline ligands. These ligands were derived from the PHOX ligand by exchanging the phosphine moieties by biaryl phosphites and a methylene spacer was introduced between the oxazoline and the phenyl ring. The wide substrate scope is due to the ability of the ligand family to adapt their ligand parameters to the reacting substrate. This ability also explains its high performance in other type of catalytic processes.
Two‐Coordinate NHC‐Supported ZnIIOrganocations: Steric and Electronic Tunability and Use in Alkyne Hydroboration Catalysis
Authors: Guermazi Refka , Specklin David , Gourlaouen Christophe , de Frémont Pierre , Dagorne Samuel
Published: January 2022

We herein report on the synthesis, structure, and use in alkyne hydroboration catalysis of [(IPrCl)Zn−R]+and [(ItBu)Zn−R]+cations bearing IPrCl (IPrCl=1,3‐bis[2,6‐bis(1‐methylethyl)phenyl]‐4,5‐dichloro‐1,3‐dihydro‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene) and the sterically demanding ItBu carbene (ItBu=1,3‐bis(1,1‐dimethylethyl)−1,3‐dihydro‐imidazol‐2‐ylidene). Ionization of neutral precursors [(IPrCl)ZnR2] (1 a, R=Et;1 b, R=Me) and [(ItBu)ZnEt2] (2) with one equivalent of [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] led to with robust and stable two‐coordinate ZnIIcations [(IPrCl)Zn−R]+(3 a, R=Et;3 b, R=Me) and [(ItBu)Zn−Et]+(4), respectively, all isolated as [B(C6F5)4]−salts. Further derivatization of alkyl cations3 band4by reaction with one equivalent of [B(C6F5)3] afforded cations [(IPrCl)Zn−C6F5]+(5) and [(ItBu)Zn−C6F5]+(6) as [B(C6F5)4]−salts, with cation6displaying a limited stability in solution. The molecular structures of cations3 b,4and5were confirmed through X‐ray diffraction studies. Among stable cations, Fluoride ion affinity (FIA) estimations agree with cation5being the most Lewis acidic in thus far reported [(IPrCl)Zn−R]+cations. In the presence of pinacol borane and 1‐octyne, cations3 a–b,5and [(IPrCl)Zn−C6F5]+(5 mol%) slowly catalyze the selectivecis‐hydroboration of 1‐octyne to the vinylborane productA. Cation5also mediates 2‐hexyne hydroboration to afford a mixture of hydroboration productsBandC. In the case of hydroboration catalysis mediated by cations5and [(IPrCl)Zn−C6F5]+, experimental data and preliminary DFT calculations are consistent a Lewis‐acid‐type catalysis.
The antipsychotic aripiprazole induces peripheral antinociceptive effects through PI3Kγ/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway activation
Authors: Ferreira Renata C. M. , de Almeida Douglas L. , Duarte Igor D. G. , Aguiar Daniele C. , Moreira Fabrício A. , Romero Thiago R. L.
Published: January 2022

Bckground

Aripiprazole is an antipsychotic drug used to treat schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Recently, its peripheral analgesic component was evaluated, however, the mechanism involved in this effect is not fully established. Therefore, the aim of the study was to obtain pharmacological evidence for the involvement of the nitric oxide system in the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by aripiprazole.

Methods

The hyperalgesia was induced via intraplantar injection of prostaglandin E2 in mice and the nociceptive thresholds were evaluated using the paw pressure test. All drugs were injected locally into the right hind paw.

Results

The PI3K inhibitor (AS605240), but not rapamycin (mTOR kinase inhibitor), reversed the peripheral antinociceptive effect induced by Aripiprazole. Antinociception was antagonized by the non‐selective inhibitor of the nitric oxide synthase (L‐NOarg). The same response was observed using the selective iNOS, but not with the selective nNOS inhibitors. The selective guanylyl cyclase enzyme inhibitor (ODQ) and the non‐selective potassium channel blocker tetraethylammonium were able to reverse the antinociceptive effect of aripiprazole. The same was seen using glibenclamide, an ATP‐dependent K+ channel blocker. However, calcium‐activated potassium channel blockers of small and high conductance, dequalinium chloride and paxilline, respectively, did not reverse this effect. The injection of cGMP‐specific phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor zaprinast, potentiated the antinociceptive effect induced by a low dose of aripiprazole.

Conclusion

The results provide evidence that aripiprazole induces peripheral antinociceptive effects via PI3K/NO/cGMP/KATP pathway activation.
‘Sanna, Aren't You Ashamed?’ Affective‐discursive practices in online misogynist discourse of Finnish prime minister Sanna Marin
Authors: Sakki Inari , Martikainen Jari
Published: January 2022

This research examines online misogynist discourse related to the Finnish prime minister (PM) Sanna Marin's image published in Trendi magazine in October 2020. The affective‐discursive analysis of online commentaries resulted in the identification of four affective‐discursive practices: an immoral woman, incompetent woman, calculating woman and inferior woman. Misogynist discourse related to the PM Marin took the form of a moral act, drew from stereotypical images of women as less rational than men, appeared as accusations targeted at Marin for playing the gender card as a political tactic, and constructed an image of Marin and female politicians as objects of men's sexual desires and as inferior to men. These affective‐discursive practices mobilized dehumanizing discourse ranging from milder forms of derogation, scorn and other‐condemning practices to harsher forms of belittlement, humiliation and animalistic dehumanization. This study contributes to the current knowledge on the affective‐discursive processes underlying online misogyny against female politicians.
Impact of catalyst support morphology on 3D electrode structure and polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell performance
Authors: Peter Benedikt , Stoeckel Daniela , Scherer Torsten , Kuebel Christian , Roth Christina , Melke Julia
Published: January 2022

Porous carbon‐based electrodes are frequently applied in electrochemical energy technologies, for instance in fuel cells and redox flow batteries. In previous work, we observed that the final structure of a fuel cell electrode is dominated by both the morphology of the support material and its processing into a 3D porous structure. Herein, the impact of catalyst support morphology on the performance of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells was studied comparing carbon‐supported platinum catalysts only differing in the shape of the carbon support material with otherwise similar features. Carbon‐supported Pt catalysts were obtained by carbonization of polyaniline (PANI) in long fibrous, short fibrous, and granular shape. The chemical identity of the PANI precursors was demonstrated by FTIR spectroscopy and elemental analysis (EA). The final carbon‐supported platinum catalysts were characterized by EA, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM exhibiting similar degree of carbonization, nanoparticle size, and nanoparticle dispersion. The effect of support morphology and the resulting differences in the 3D structure of the porous electrode were investigated by focused ion beam‐scanning electron microscopy slice and view technique and correlated to their fuel cell performance.
Recent Advances in Enhanced Performance of Ni‐Rich Cathode Materials for Li‐Ion Batteries: A Review
Authors: Butt Annam , Ali Ghulam , Tul Kubra Khadija , Sharif Rehana , Salman Ayesha , Bashir Muzaffar , Jamil Sidra
Published: January 2022

High energy Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) have garnered substantial consideration in recent years for their utilization in many fields like communication, transportation, and aviation. As the cathode is the crucial component of LIBs, so by enhancing its electrochemical performance, the capacity, rate capability, as well as cyclability of batteries can be enhanced. Ni‐rich cathode materials (LiNi
x
Mn
y
Co1−x−y
O2, x ≥ 0.5) have been accredited for their benefits in enhanced capacity, high working voltage, and low manufacturing cost. The high Ni content is accountable for the exceptional capacity but the utilization in the commercialized LIBs is mired by their electrochemical cycling issues like capacity fading, voltage decay, and safety hazard. To overcome these obstructions, a variety of methodologies have been adopted like doping, coating, and comodification of these cathode materials. An inclusive study of Ni‐rich cathode materials, their degradation mechanism, and the strategies is conferred, which have been employed in recent years to overcome the challenges faced by these materials in their commercialization.
LC‐ESI‐QTOF/MS characterization of antimicrobial compounds with their action mode extracted from vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) leaves
Authors: Umair Muhammad , Sultana Tayyaba , Xiaoyu Zhu , Senan Ahmed M. , Jabbar Saqib , Khan Labiba , Abid Muhammad , Murtaza Mian Anjum , Kuldeep Dhama , Al‐Areqi Niyazi A. S. , Zhaoxin Lu
Published: January 2022

Vine tea (Ampelopsis grossedentata) is a tea plant cultivated south of the Chinese Yangtze River. It has anti‐inflammatory properties and is used to normalize blood circulation and detoxification. The leaves of vine tea are the most abundant source of flavonoids, such as dihydromyricetin and myricetin. However, as the main bioactive flavonoid in vine tea, dihydromyricetin was the main focus of previous research. This study aimed to explore the antibacterial activities of vine tea against selected foodborne pathogens. The antimicrobial activity of vine tea extract was evaluated by the agar well diffusion method. Cell membrane integrity and bactericidal kinetics, along with physical damage to the cell membrane, were also observed. The extract was analyzed using a high‐performance liquid chromatography‐diode array detector (HPLC‐DAD), and the results were confirmed using a modified version of a previously published method that combined liquid chromatography and electrospray‐ionized quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐QTOF/MS). Cell membrane integrity and bactericidal kinetics were determined by releasing intracellular material in suspension and monitoring it at 260 nm using an ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometer. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to detect morphological alterations and physical damage to the cell membrane. Six compounds were isolated successfully: (1) myricetin (C15H10O8), (2) myricetin 3‐O‐rhamnoside (C21H20O12), (3) 5,7,8,3,4‐pentahydroxyisoflavone (C15H10O7), (4) dihydroquercetin (C15H12O7), (5) 6,8‐dihydroxykaempferol (C15H10O8), and (6) ellagic acid glucoside (C20H16O13). Among these bioactive compounds, C15H10O7 was found to have vigorous antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus (AS11846) and Staphylococcus aureus (CMCCB26003). A dose‐dependent bactericidal kinetics with a higher degree of absorbance at optical density 260 (OD260) was observed when the bacterial suspension was incubated with C15H10O7 for 8 h. Furthermore, a scanning electron microscope study revealed physical damage to the cell membrane. In addition, the action mode of C15H10O7 was on the cell wall of the target microorganism. Together, these results suggest that C15H10O7 has vigorous antimicrobial activity and can be used as a potent antimicrobial agent in the food processing industry.
Selection and identification of high‐affinity aptamer of Kunitz trypsin inhibitor and their application in rapid and specific detection
Authors: Bao Yunxiang , Zhu Dengzhao , Zhao Yang , Li Xinzhu , Gu Chunmei , Yu Hansong
Published: January 2022

Kunitz trypsin inhibitor (KTI), a harmful protein, seriously affects food hygiene and safety. Therefore, a sensitive, efficient, and rapid method for KTI detection is urgently needed. Aptamers are short and single‐stranded (ss) DNA that recognize target molecules with high affinity. This work used graphene oxide‐SELEX (GO‐SELEX) to screen KTI aptamers. The positive and reverse screening was designed to ensure the high specificity and affinity of the selected aptamers. After 10 rounds of screening, multiple nucleic acid chains were obtained, and the chains were sequenced. Three aptamers with better affinity were obtained, and the values of the dissociation constant (K
d) were calculated to be 52.6 nM, 22.7 nM, and 67.9 nM, respectively. Finally, a colorimetric aptamer biosensor based on gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was constructed. The biosensor exhibited a broader linear range of 30–750 ng/ml, with a lower detection limit of 18 ng/ml, and the spiked recovery rate was between 98.2% and 103.3%. This experiment preliminary demonstrated the potential of the application of KTI aptamer in the real sample tests.
Machine learning and magnetic resonance imaging radiomics for predicting human papilloma virus status and prognostic factors in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Park Young Min , Lim Jae‐Yol , Koh Yoon Woo , Kim Se‐Heon , Choi Eun Chang
Published: January 2022

Background

We attempted to predict pathological factors and treatment outcomes using machine learning and radiomic features extracted from preoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients.

Methods

The medical records and imaging data of 155 patients who were diagnosed with OPSCC were analyzed retrospectively.

Results

The logistic regression model showed that the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of the model was 0.792 in predicting human papilloma virus (HPV) status. The LightGBM model showed an AUC of 0.8333 in predicting HPV status. The performance of the logistic model in predicting lymphovascular invasion, extracapsular nodal spread, and metastatic lymph nodes showed AUC values of 0.7871, 0.6713, and 0.6638, respectively. In predicting disease recurrence, the LightGBM model showed an AUC of 0.8571. In predicting patient death, the logistic model showed an AUC of 0.8175.

Conclusions

A machine learning model using MRI radiomics showed satisfactory performance in predicting pathologic factors and treatment outcomes of OPSCC patients.
The impact of strike action on patient morbidity: A systematic literature review
Authors: Essex Ryan , Milligan Wendy , Williams Gareth , Weldon Sharon Marie
Published: January 2022

Strike action in healthcare has been common over the last several decades. The overarching aim of this systematic review was to synthesise and analyse the empirical literature that examines the impact of strike action on patient morbidity, that is, all patient outcomes except mortality. After conducting a search and apply eligibility criteria, 15 studies were included in this review. These articles included a variety of outcomes from hypertension control to rates of chlamydia. Strikes ranged from 13 to 118 days, with a mean strike length of 56 days. A textual narrative synthesis was employed to arrange studies by whether they had a positive, mixed or neutral or negative impact on patient morbidity. Results suggest that strike action has little impact on patient morbidity. The majority of studies reported that strike action had a neutral or mixed impact of strike action on patient morbidity. One study reported positive outcomes and three studies reported negative outcomes, however in both cases, the impact that the strike had was marginal.
The importance of staying positive: The impact of emotions on attitude to risk
Authors: Brooks Chris , Sangiorgi Ivan , Saraeva Anastasiya , Hillenbrand Carola , Money Kevin
Published: January 2022

In this article, we examine the impact of emotions towards financial investments and emotions towards life in general on attitudes to financial risk using questionnaire data from 970 UK‐based retail investors. We show that risk tolerance monotonically increases with positive emotions towards investments and life, and decreases with negative emotions. We incorporate a broader range of relevant emotions than in comparable existing studies, and we show, perhaps surprisingly, that positive emotions have a more substantial impact on risk tolerance than negative emotions. We find that emotions towards investments have a considerably greater explanatory power for the cross‐section of risk aversion than gender, age, income, investment experience and investment knowledge. Our research sheds light on the different impacts that integral and background emotions have on retail investor financial decision‐making. We suggest several implications for regulators and financial advisors, and we emphasize the importance for financial educators to support investors in developing emotional resilience.
News sentiment and foreign portfolio investment in Brazil
Authors: de Freitas Rocha Cambara Leilane , Meurer Roberto
Published: January 2022

This paper aims to investigate the influence of news sentiment on foreign portfolio investment, as well as its disaggregated components (equity and debt securities) in Brazil. We construct a news sentiment index, based on the sentiment analysis of news stories published by the Wall Street Journal, from January 1999 to May 2018. The resulting index is consistent with national and international events during the period. There is evidence for the influence of news sentiment on these flows. This influence occurs in both contemporaneous and lagged values, in a way that an improvement in news sentiment leads to an increase in these flows in the next period. Additionally, the volatility of the flows responds asymmetrically to changes in news sentiment.