bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum urea: an independent risk factor for cataract
Authors: Bhat Haziqa Bashir , Mufti Haniyaa , Sajjad Sheikh
Published: May 2024

Background: Elevated levels of blood urea/blood urea nitrogen in serum is considered an independent risk factor for the occurrence of cataract. Estimation of these levels can be used as a predictor for the occurrence of cataract.
Methods: This was a hospital-based prospective case control study conducted in the department of ophthalmology at SKIMS MCH, Srinagar from January 2023 to June 2023. We evaluated 25 patients admitted for cataract surgery in our department for serum urea and BUN levels and compared their results with 25 age and sex-matched controls admitted for causes other than cataract. The cases with significantly elevated levels of urea were further screened for possible renal impairment using Glomerular filtration rates and urine albumin.
Results: 7 out of 25 cases had elevated levels of serum urea with a mean of 44.2±16.19 mg/dl whereas all 25 patients of the control group had normal serum urea levels with a mean of 28.84±4.3 mg/dl. The mean levels of urea were significantly higher in the cases than controls with p<0.0001. 4 out of the 7 patients in the case group with elevated serum urea levels showed impaired glomerular filtration rates and clinically significant levels of urine albumin.
Conclusions: The study suggested a statistically significant correlation (p<0.0001) between serum levels of urea and BUN with cataract.
Proportion of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese children of age 6 to 16 years attending a tertiary care centre, Kerala
Authors: Sankar Jayaram , . Arya , T. V. Suresh Babu
Published: May 2024

Background: This study aimed to find out the proportion of overweight and obese children of age 6-16 years having metabolic syndrome and to find out the risk factors for the same.
Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study was conducted in obesity clinic of Department of Paediatric, Government T D Medical College, Alappuzha over a period of 18 months (from jan 2019 to june 2020). Sample size was calculated as 210 children including 20% expected dropout. Children of age 6-16 years with BMI > 85th centile attending the obesity clinics were enrolled for the study as per the inclusion and exclusion criteria. After getting consent/assent, relevant points from history, physical examination and investigations were recorded. The data obtained were entered in excel spread sheet and analyzed.
Results: In this study, 28.9% were overweight and 71.1% were obese. Proportion of metabolic syndrome [MetS] among subject with overweight and obese were 18% and 29.3% respectively. Metabolic syndrome were more in males, children receiving more calories, have passive smoking and were born as preterm or big baby. Abdominal obesity was present in all children with MetS. Significant associations were found between MetS and inflammatory markers like CRP. Among the metabolic parameters, elevated level of uric acid, SGOT, SGPT and abnormal lipid profile were found to have a positive correlation with MetS.
Conclusions: More than 25% of children with BMI > 85th centile is found to have MetS. Being overweight also is high risk for development of metabolic syndrome. High calorie intake, passive smoking, prematurity, birth weight more than 4 kg and abdominal obesity are significant risk factors identified.
Study of depression among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Imtiyazuddin M. D. , Soofia Ameena , Mohammed Abdul Wasay , Ali Syed Asim , Dronamraju Venkata Anil Chandra , Fatima Arooba
Published: May 2024

Background: Diabetes and depression are two major issues related to community health. Diabetes patients frequently co-occur with depression. Diabetes patients frequently co-occur with depression, which calls for serious attention because delayed diagnosis and treatment can worsen the patients' complications. Assessing the prevalence of depression in diabetic patients and identifying the various factors associated with it were the objectives of this research study.
Methods: In this study 70 adult patients suffering from type 2 DM participated in this 6-month prospective study. Sociodemographic data and clinical features of the participants were collected. The presence and severity of depressive symptoms in patients have been assessed by a PHQ9 questionnaire. Ethical approval was taken before the commencement of the study. SPSS (Version 20) was used for data analysis.
Results: The majority of the patients were from 41-50 years of age group (32.9%) with a female predominance (58.6%), with no symptoms of depression before type 2 DM (92.9%). Most of them had primary education (32.9%) and majority were homemakers (44.3%) residing in urban are (65.7%) living joint family setup (68.6%). Most of them had 11 to 20 years of type 2 DM duration (745.8%) with a high family history of type 2 DM (75.7%). Majority of them were on Oral therapy (47.1%) with ophthalmic complications (32.9%). The majority of them had mild depression (5-9) i.e. 67.1%.
Conclusions: Due to patient-specific diabetes management and inappropriate diabetes treatment, the majority of cases were found to have depressive disorders. This article focused on a few common factors and their relationships that lead to depression in people with diabetes.
A systematic review of clinical applications and diagnostic efficacy of intravascular optical coherence tomography in cardiology
Authors: Sacoto Vanessa Marisol Almeida , Mite Ana Paula Coronel , Pilatasig Washington Javier Masapanta , Mosquera-Ceprian Rafael Andres , Cunduri Edith Viviana Muñoz , Castillo Angelica Marina Basantes , Roldán Víctor Manuel Polo , Saltos Juan José Martínez , Barzallo Jorge Andres Rivera , Herrera Santiago Israel Cárdenas
Published: May 2024

Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) has emerged advanced imaging modality in cardiology, offering high-resolution visualization of coronary artery structures. Since its inception in the late 1990s, OCT has undergone significant advancements, transitioning from time-domain to frequency-domain systems, thereby enhancing its clinical viability and diagnostic efficacy. We aimed to comprehensively assess the clinical applications and diagnostic efficacy of intravascular OCT in cardiology, particularly in guiding percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and evaluating coronary artery diseases. In methodology, A systematic search was conducted in PubMed and Google Scholar databases for studies published between 2013 and 2023, comparing OCT with intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and conventional angiography (C.A.) in guiding PCI procedures. Studies were selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, focusing on major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), cardiac death, and revascularizations as outcomes. In results we included 28 studies from databased and 3 manuals, highlighting OCT's superior resolution in identifying thin-capped fibroatheromas (TCFAs), optimizing stent placement, and assessing plaque composition. Comparative analyses revealed no significant differences in clinical efficacy between OCT and IVUS, with both modalities showing superiority over C.A. in reducing cardiovascular events. The OCTIVUS trial further confirmed the non-inferiority of OCT-guided PCI compared to IVUS-guided PCI, with lower procedural complications reported in the OCT group. In conclusion, Intravascular OCT has revolutionized the diagnostic and interventional landscape in cardiology, offering unparalleled insights into coronary artery pathology. Its high-resolution imaging capabilities facilitate accurate plaque characterization, stent optimization, and real-time intervention guidance, thereby improving clinical outcomes in PCI procedures. Future research should focus on expanding OCT's applications and further validating its efficacy in diverse clinical settings.
Navigating the complexity of osmotic demyelination syndrome in the elderly: insight from three cases
Authors: Chaudhry Kavita , Dutta Shelly , Sidhu Jagseer Singh , Khanna Markendey
Published: May 2024

Osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) results from rapid shifts in serum osmolality and can be triggered by various factors such as hyponatremia, hyperglycaemia, malnutrition, alcohol abuse, and liver disease. Although hyponatremia prevalence increases with age, ODS typically manifests between ages 30 to 50, indicating a complex age-susceptibility relationship. Its pathophysiology involves brain volume restoration adaptation, with rapid correction of osmolality leading to dehydration and subsequent demyelination. Hyperglycaemia-induced ODS results from rapid correction of hyperosmolar states, overwhelming neuronal compensatory mechanisms. Neuroimaging, usually MRI, is crucial for diagnosis, revealing hyperintense lesions. Clinical manifestations vary widely, from dysarthria and dysphagia to spastic quadriparesis, with poor outcomes, especially in older patients. Below, three cases of ODS in elderly patients are presented, each with distinct clinical presentations and outcomes. Case1 highlights the association between rapid correction of hyperglycaemia and ODS while Case 2 and 3 illustrates the consequences of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia. Diagnosing Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome (ODS) in the elderly poses challenges due to overlapping clinical features with conditions like encephalopathy, delirium, and postictal confusional states, which closely mimic ODS. Further research is needed to better understand the pathophysiology and optimize management approaches, especially in vulnerable populations like the elderly.
Melioidosis: acute respiratory distress syndrome and sepsis
Authors: Shah Bharat M. , Patel Jimit
Published: May 2024

Melioidosis is a serious infection caused by the bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei (B. pseudomallei) mostly found in endemic areas like Southeast Asia. Herein, we presented a case of melioidosis in a 32-year-old man who presented with respiratory distress, was a known case of type 2 diabetes not on any treatment presented to the emergency department (ED) with a history of pustules over skin, shortness of breath, and fever. He was initially misdiagnosed and treated as pulmonary tuberculosis in another hospital prior to his latest presentation. Melioidosis is a severe infection that can be misdiagnosed due to variable presentation and low awareness among healthcare workers of the disease. Diagnosis requires high clinical suspicion, especially in patients who are coming from endemic areas with appropriate risk factors such as diabetes mellitus. Treatment with appropriate antibiotics for a long duration, and outpatient follow-up is vital to reduce the risk of recurrence.
Advancements in understanding and addressing Alzheimer's disease: a comprehensive review
Authors: Shakir Hussain M. , Mishra Ajit Kumar
Published: May 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) presents a multifaceted challenge in the realm of neurodegenerative disorders, affecting millions globally and posing significant burdens on patients, caregivers, and healthcare systems alike. Over a century of research has illuminated various facets of AD pathophysiology, highlighting the intricate interplay between genetic, molecular, and environmental factors in disease progression. This comprehensive review synthesized key findings from recent literature, encompassing diverse topics ranging from diagnostic challenges and emerging therapeutic approaches to caregiver support and evolving research strategies. Furthermore, it explored the complexities of AD pathogenesis, elucidating the role of amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, tau protein pathology, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in neuronal degeneration. Therapeutic interventions for AD, both current and emerging, are critically evaluated, with a focus on pharmacological agents targeting Aβ aggregation, tau pathology, and synaptic dysfunction. Non-pharmacological strategies, including lifestyle modifications and cognitive interventions, are also explored for their potential in disease management. Finally, the review examined the landscape of AD research, highlighting ongoing efforts to elucidate disease mechanisms, identify novel therapeutic targets, and address existing gaps in prevention and treatment strategies. It emphasizes the need for collaborative endeavours among stakeholders to accelerate progress towards effective AD management and ultimately, improve outcomes for affected individuals and their families. Through its comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge and future directions, this review aims to inform clinicians, researchers, policymakers, and advocates involved in the fight against Alzheimer's disease, offering insights that may catalyse advancements in diagnosis, treatment, and care.
Exploring the psychological facets of cosmetic rhinoplasty
Authors: Shriwastav Pooja , Sahai Anoushka , Navalakhe Milind , Gaikwad Ashwinikumar
Published: May 2024

Cosmetic rhinoplasty is a surgical procedure aimed at enhancing the aesthetic appearance of the nose, with implications beyond physical changes. This review synthesizes evidence regarding the psychological effects and quality of life outcomes post-cosmetic rhinoplasty. Through a comprehensive literature review, it explores the psychological aspects, including body dysmorphic disorder (BDD), the development of assessment tools like the rhinoplasty outcome evaluation (ROE) questionnaire, the Derriford assessment scale (DAS), and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale. The review concludes that while cosmetic rhinoplasty positively impacts psychological well-being and quality of life, further research is needed to understand long-term effects and optimize patient care.
The one health approach: combating the persistent Visceral Leishmaniasis (Kala-azar) outbreaks in Isiolo County, Kenya
Authors: Marangu Victor M. , Kei Robert M. , Kithinji Dorothy K.
Published: May 2024

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis has remained a public health problem in Kenya despite Ministry of Health’s numerous efforts. This is associated with absence of a multidisciplinary response to outbreaks. We intended to analyze community’s prioritization of causes of Visceral leishmaniasis as well as community awareness on the disease prevention and control.
Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study design conducted between September 2023 to December 2023. 433 households’ heads, 23 community leaders and health workers were study informants.
Results: Study findings showed clear proximity of human settlements and socioeconomic activities to the vector sandfly breeding sites. Environmental factors augmented by effects of climate change including flooding and high temperatures have sustained transmission including emergence of the disease in new foci. Low socio-economic status, environmental factors and climate change effects showed highly significant correlations with the disease and interplay with one another. Study results show lack of strategies and policies that promote effective prevention and control of Kala-azar. Stakeholders’ analysis revealed limited community awareness regarding roles played by different individuals in Kala-azar prevention, control, and elimination.
Conclusions: There is a major gap in cooperation of partners in human, animal, and environmental health for achievements in public health strategies, therefore One Health approach should be adopted for integrated prevention, control, and elimination. The approach will sustainably improve and promote health while addressing the entire spectrum of disease control, including detection, preparedness, response, and management in addition to disease prevention averting this terrible disease from resurfacing in the future.
Medication strategies: enhancing symptom management and quality of life in palliative care
Authors: S. Matos Rita , Chyczij Fabiana , Fernandes Lília , Gonçalves Sara
Published: May 2024

Background: Palliative care is integral to addressing suffering during advanced illnesses, and tailored medication is crucial. This study aims to explore medication patterns in palliative care, focusing on understanding their impact on symptom management and patient well-being.
Methods: Data collection involves a retrospective approach with patients referred to the Community Support Team in Palliative Care of the Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro Local Health Unit between April 2022 and March 2023. Data are recorded, including demographic information, medical history, and pain-related details. Medication is administered based on healthcare professionals’ judgment, following established pain management guidelines. Descriptive and cross-tabulation techniques are employed for the statistical analysis.
Results: Key findings highlight Morphine and Paracetamol as primary analgesics, constituting 14.6% and 13.8%, respectively. Fentanyl, identified as a potent opioid, addresses severe pain at a rate of 10.0%. The study also reveals that 23.7% of cancer patients receive palliative sedation, emphasising its role in symptom control and dignified care.
Conclusions: This research provides significant insights into the intricate relationship between medication administration and palliative care outcomes. The study reveals key findings, such as the prominence of Morphine, Paracetamol, and Fentanyl as essential analgesics in addressing pain and improving patient comfort. Additionally, the high prevalence of palliative sedation among cancer patients underscores its crucial role in symptom control and ensuring dignified care at the end of life. The complexity of medication choices within palliative care settings is emphasised, highlighting the need for careful consideration and tailored approaches.
Effect of core stability exercises on knee proprioception, function and quality of life in chronic total knee replacement patients
Authors: Patel Mrinal Shaileshbhai , Mishra Neeti
Published: May 2024

Background: Chronic osteoarthritis of knee joint leads to severe pain after weight bearing and prolonged activities .TKR is widely used as a successful and effective last-stage surgical treatment for relieving chronic knee pain and functional disability. This research aimed to study the effect of core stability exercises on knee proprioception, function and quality of life in chronic total knee replacement patients.
Methods: Total 40 patients with chronic total knee replacement with age between 45-65 years were included. They were divided into two groups: Group-A (n=20) and Group-B (n=20). Both group received conventional treatment, in addition Group-B received core stability exercise. Patients were evaluated pre-intervention (0 week) and post-intervention (4 week) for proprioception (by universal goniometer), for function (LEFS) and for quality of life (SF-12). Statistical analysis was done using SPSS 20 version. Significance level was set at p<0.05.
Results: Wilcoxon signed rank test was applied for within group comparison. There was statistically significant difference in mean of proprioception, function and SF-12 PCS in both groups during four week intervention period. Mann Whitney U test was applied for between group comparison. Significant difference was found between Group-A and Group-B in mean difference of proprioception, function.
Conclusions: The concluded that the core stability exercise along with conventional treatment is more effective for improving knee proprioception, function and quality of life than alone conventional treatment in chronic total knee replacement patients.
Effectiveness of planned teaching programme on knowledge and practice regarding secondary survey of trauma patients among trauma nursing officers
Authors: Khuswaha Sheela , Yadav Rakhi , Bairwa Kamlesh , Sarkar Bhaskar
Published: May 2024

Background: Secondary survey is crucial for quickly and methodically evaluating damaged patients from head to toe, discovering any injuries that were underlooked in the first survey, and quickly and methodically evaluating polytrauma patients when it's unclear what's causing their symptoms. The study aimed to assess the knowledge and practice of secondary survey in nursing officers in AIIMS Rishikesh.
Methods: This pre-experimental (one group pre-test and post test research) study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of planned teaching programme. 30 minutes of secondary survey class followed by demonstration of same.  Using non- probability convenient sampling technique, total of 133 nursing officers were selected from Trauma Center of AIIMS Rishikesh. Self structured questionnaire was given to participants and practice was assessed using practice checklist.
Results: The pre-test and post-test mean knowledge was found 14.08 and 18.40 and mean practice was 12.51 and 31.11 indicating the enhancement of knowledge and practice (tcal 130.28 >t table1.98 at p <0.05). Difference between pre-test knowledge (14.08±2.455) and Pre-test practice (12.51±5.188) indicate adequate knowledge with inadequate practice.
Conclusions: The study concluded that the secondary survey knowledge and practice improves with adequate guidance and information. So, there is need for regular training session for trauma nursing officers to sustain this information and practice enhancement can be done by regularly implementing practice checklist in documentation.
Factors affecting the participation and utilization of breast cancer screening services among health care workers Kolar: a qualitative study
Authors: Swathi Hogarehalli Jayanna , Vinayaka Hogarehalli Jayanna , Mokhasi Varsha R. , Bhanuprasad Byrappa Nirmala
Published: May 2024

Background: India is going through epidemiologic transition with a shift of disease burden from communicable to non-communicable diseases. There is no organized screening programme for breast cancer in the country. Hence, a large proportion of women with cancer of the breast present in advanced stages of cancer. The integrated cancer control programme calls for early detection of cancer, opportunistic screening and cancer outreach camps that are to be promoted and carried out by health care providers. The objective of this study was thus designed to understand the various factors preventing the participation and utilisation of breast cancer screening.  
Methods: It was a qualitative method with two groups. The study was conducted between two taluks out of 6, Kolar and Bangarpete. All Angawadi workers and helpers aged more than 30 years were invited and those who have history of breast cancer and family history of breast cancer were excluded from the study. All the subjects who did not attend the screening were included to elicit the reasons for non-attendance.  
Results: The theme ‘barriers to screening uptake’ were broadly divided into three main categories- namely ‘worry’, ‘transport’ and ‘work commitment’.  The sub-category ‘anxiety’ (31.9%) was reported to be the highest barrier and least was in the sub-category ‘no replacement’ (4.3%). The frequency of response categorized into different sub-categories.  
Conclusions: The reasons were identified by using ‘single question’ interview guide, and were categorized into ‘worry’, ‘transport’ and ‘work-commitment’. Barrier in ‘worry’ category was found to be highest.
Bridging vision gaps: a comprehensive study of the RAAHI programme for improving truckers' eye health in India
Authors: Sahu Ananta Basudev , Tiwari Jatin , P. N. Prasannakumar , Mohanty R. N.
Published: May 2024

Background: Visual impairment presents a significant public health concern globally, with a notable impact on individuals' quality of life. Despite efforts to address this issue, unmet eye health needs persist, particularly in vulnerable populations such as truck drivers in low and middle-income countries like India. The RAAHI (National truckers eye health programme) initiative aims to fill this gap by providing essential eye care services in India.
Methods: This research manuscript delves into the journey of the RAAHI programme from 2017 to 2022, assessing its achievements, challenges, and lessons learned. A mixed-methods approach involving a secondary review of literature, programme records, and stakeholder interactions was employed. Quantitative analysis of beneficiary demographics and service utilization trends was complemented by qualitative insights from beneficiary feedback and stakeholder interviews.
Results: RAAHI demonstrated a significant presence across 54 locations, screening over 540,000 beneficiaries between 2018 and June 2022. The programme primarily targeted truck drivers, addressing their unmet eye health needs and raising awareness about prevalent health conditions. Beneficiary feedback highlighted overall satisfaction with RAAHI services, emphasizing the programme's structured approach and immediate access to quality spectacles. Furthermore, qualitative analysis suggests RAAHI's success enriching the programme's effectiveness and client-centric approach.
Conclusions: These findings offer valuable insights into addressing visual impairment among vulnerable populations and advocating for the integration of eye care into public health initiatives. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of sustained efforts and collaborative partnerships in ensuring the success and scalability of programmes like RAAHI.
Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to dog bite and its management among adults in rural Maharashtra with reference to their literacy status: a cross sectional study
Authors: Morale Deepika Vinayak , Sambasivan Venkat , Gurav Ravindra
Published: May 2024

Background: In India, 97% of human rabies is transmitted by dogs. Rabies is 100% fatal but 100% preventable by vaccination. In rural community, there exists a considerable gap in knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) related to dog bite and its management. So, study was planned to assess same with reference to literacy status among adults.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in rural field practice area of Rajiv Gandhi medical college in Maharashtra during April to June 2023. Sample size was estimated. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the subjects. Data was collected by personal interview using pretested questionnaire. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied. The statistical level of significance was fixed at p<0.05.
Results: Of the 254 subjects interviewed, 208 (81.89%) were literate and 46 (18.11%) were illiterate, 224 (88.19%) subjects knew about rabies disease of which 190 (91.35%) were literate (p<0.05), 208 (81.89%) subjects mentioned that the dog bite leads to rabies of which 178 (85.58%) were literate (p<0.05), 172 (67.72%) said rabies can be prevented through vaccination of which 151 (72.60%) were literate (p<0.05), 179 (70.47%) said washing dog bite wound can reduce chance of rabies of which 158 (75.96%) were literate (p<0.05), 88 (34.65%) subjects have given history of dog bite. Literate subjects were having better knowledge, positive attitudes and healthy practices related to dog bite and its management.
Conclusions: The gap in knowledge, attitude and practices about dog bite and its management among the subjects can be reduced by increasing literacy status, health education and focusing on communication services in rural area.
Nutrition status and associated factors among tribal preschool children of 2-5 years in five districts: a cross-sectional study from three states of India
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Saxena Nishant , Srivastava Suyesh , Haranahally Vasanthachar Manjunathachar
Published: May 2024

Background: To report the nutrition status in preschool children by 2-5 years of age among tribal children from five districts of India.
Methods: Community based cross sectional study of 204 tribal households having a child aged 2-5 year from five Indian districts with a considerable proportion of the tribal population. Socio-demographic details, and nutrition status by anthropometric measurements of children were collected from mothers. The age, sex, height and weight data of children were analysed according to WHO child growth, 2006 criteria to estimate the nutritional status. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to identify the associated factors.
Results: Only 56% preschool children (2-5 years) were having normal nutrition among the tribal children; 44% preschool children were found to be malnutrition. Of them, 27.9% (29.2% boys and 26.8% girls) were severely underweight (<-3SD), and 15.7% (13.5% boys and 17.6% girls) were underweight (-3SD to -2SD). The age-appropriate nutrition was unsatisfactory due to delay in breast feeding, nuclear family, child birth at home, mother education and non-availability of milk giving animal were the main reasons for malnutrition. Extended family, higher education of mothers and head of the household, hospital birth and breastfeeding immediately were significantly associated with normal nutrition.
Conclusions: A relatively low proportion of children were normal nutrition among the tribal population. Socio-economic factors, mainly the parental education, extended family were significantly associated with a child being normal nutrition. Improving the socio-economic status is crucial, and there is a need to improve the nutrition coverage in tribal areas.
Burden of hypertension and associated risk factors among the Nicobarese tribe of Car Nicobar Island, India
Authors: Thiruvengadam Kannan , Muruganandam Nagarajan , Sivanandan Nimisha , Parvez Rehnuma
Published: May 2024

Background: Hypertension, a significant risk factor for various non-communicable diseases, poses a preventable threat to mortality and disease burden. However, there remains a lack of data on hypertension within Indian tribes, particularly those residing in impoverished areas. Determining the prevalence of hypertension and identifying associated risk factors among the Nicobarese tribes. A cross-sectional survey was conducted, involving 2600 tribal individuals aged 18 years and above from ten randomly selected villages on Car Nicobar Island.
Methods: A structured questionnaire was utilized to gather data on blood pressure (BP), anthropometric measurements, and detailed participant characteristics. Prevalence of hypertension was determined and analyzed in relation to various identified risk factors using chi-square, Karl Pearson coefficient of correlation, and generalized linear models. Prevalence ratio and adjusted risk ratio calculated, along with their corresponding confidence intervals.
Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 57.9%. Several factors, including age, male gender, illiteracy, diabetes, smoking, alcohol consumption, and higher body mass index (BMI), were significantly associated with hypertension. Systolic and diastolic BP levels increased significantly with age, socio-economic scores, BMI, and weight.
Conclusions: The prevalence of hypertension among the Nicobarese tribes is significantly higher compared to the general population. Adapting preventive strategies based on an understanding of the tribe's specific culture and lifestyle is important for controlling hypertension. However, it is also crucial to consider genetic and environmental influences that may contribute to the high prevalence of hypertension in this tribe.
Correlation between the elevated level of interleukin-6 following actemra administration and the mortality rate of seven severe COVID-19 patients
Authors: Ardabili Ayda Vakili , Sarabi Shahnaz Fooladi
Published: May 2024

The escalation and involvement of Interleukin 6 (IL-6) in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 have been documented in numerous studies and are recognized as a diagnostic criterion, disease biomarker, and therapeutic objective. Our study aims to explore the correlation between the elevated level of IL-6 following actemra administration and the mortality rate of seven severe COVID-19 patients who were admitted to the special care department of Ardabil city hospital. In this case-series study, 7 patients with severe COVID-19 were admitted to the special care department of Ardabil city hospital were included in the study. Venous blood samples (3 cc) were taken in admission and after actemra injection. The demographic characteristics of the patients, including age, sex, duration of hospitalization, need for intubation, BMI, and interleukin 6 levels, were recorded in a checklist. The patients were then monitored for their clinical course, disease outcome, and complications. The mean IL-6 before and after actemra was 413.57±138.38 and 805.50±128.18, respectively and the difference was significant. After treatment by actemra, 71.4% of patients were discharged from hospital without mortality. Although elevated IL-6 levels have been associated with cytokine storms and unfavorable consequences in COVID-19 patients. This report indicates that high interleukin levels do not guarantee mortality. Young individuals without underlying conditions were ultimately discharged from the ICU despite severe inflammation, thanks to timely treatment and albeit with severe disability.
A case series on immunotherapy for leprosy reactions
Authors: Thakur Manjula , Mohankar Atul Dilip , Swain Jyoti Prakash
Published: May 2024

Leprosy is a chronic granulomatous disease caused by mycobacterium leprae. As a result of immunological alterations evoked by organism, patients suffer from acute inflammatory episodes known as leprosy reactions, which can continue to occur before, during and after stoppage of therapy and are a cause of concern for the resulting morbidity. Understanding the beneficial effects of immunotherapy with chemotherapy will help in reducing reactions as well the duration of treatment. Five untreated patients of middle age with MI=0 was enrolled in our study who were presented with lepra reactions started on Multi-drug therapy (MDT) and then sent for BCG vaccination. Patients were evaluated monthly for clinical improvement 60% of patients showed improvement within 3 to 4 months whereas 40% patient showed improvement in 7 to 8 months of immunotherapy. Despite of available effective MDT, persisting viable organisms as well as persisting clinical activity are significant problems in leprosy patients. Immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy is good and more promising options to overcome these problems.
Prevalence of diabetes mellitus and its associated comorbidities: a population based study
Authors: Kiran Shivangi R. , Sureka Ritu K.
Published: May 2024

The purpose of this study was to quantify the prevalence and co-prevalence of common comorbidities of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Literature search was conducted in PubMed for relevant articles published during the period from 2013 to 2023. Studies describing the prevalence rate of T2DM and its associated co-morbidities in INDIA in the past 10 years and the pharmaceutical antidiabetic treatment were identified. Out of 100 articles 10 studies conducted in India fulfilled the inclusion criteria regarding the prevalence rate of T2DM along with its associated co-morbidities. Studies revealed that comorbidity burden tended to increase in older age groups and was higher in men than women. Few studies demonstrated for the combination of hypertension (HTN) and hyperlipidaemia (67.5%), followed by overweight/obesity and HTN (66.0%), overweight/obesity and hyperlipidaemia (62.5%), HTN and chronic kidney disease (CKD) (22.4%), hyperlipidaemia and CKD (21.1%), HTN and cardiovascular disease (CVD) (20.2%), hyperlipidaemia and CVD (20.1%), overweight/obesity and CKD (19.1%) and overweight/obesity and CVD (17.0%). The most common conditions in patients with T2DM included HTN in 82.1%; overweight/obesity in 78.2%; hyperlipidaemia in 77.2%; CKD in 24.1%; and CVD in 21.6%. It was concluded from the study that the vast majority of patients with T2DM have multiple comorbidities. To ensure a comprehensive approach to patient management, the presence of multimorbidity should be considered in the context of clinical decision making.
Smarter smiles: The role of AI in modern periodontics
Authors: Joshi Prerna , Tuli Amrinder Singh
Published: May 2024

The profound impact of unmet oral health needs on systemic health remains a significant concern, particularly among vulnerable populations. Disparities such as low health literacy and limited access to care contribute to higher rates of oral diseases and poorer health outcomes. These disparities can exacerbate chronic systemic conditions like diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. Additionally, the absence of standardized practices among dental clinicians regarding the diagnosis, treatment, and management of periodontitis leads to inconsistencies in care utilization. Therefore, prioritizing approaches to care that enhance patient engagement, improve health literacy, and promote standardized care is imperative. Dentistry has historically emphasized delivering comprehensive care by embracing emerging technology and scientific evidence. The integration of AI holds promises in empowering patients through standardized care processes and enhanced access to health information.
From incisions to innovation: minimizing invasiveness in dental implant reconstructive surgery
Authors: Patel Anku , S Magesh Kumar , Jha Sneha Supriya , Razzak Mohammad Alfan Abdul , Patil Grishma , Agrawal Riya , Tripathi Ashish
Published: May 2024

This review article delves into the paradigm shift occurring in dental implant reconstructive surgery, emphasizing the transition from conventional incision-based techniques to innovative approaches aimed at minimizing invasiveness. With a primary focus on enhancing patient comfort and expediting recovery, this paper explores a range of advancements in surgical protocols, imaging technologies, and materials. Key topics include minimally invasive surgical techniques, computer-guided implant placement, the role of digital dentistry in treatment planning, and the utilization of novel biomaterials for enhanced osseointegration. By synthesizing current research and clinical practices, this article offers insights into the evolving landscape of dental implant surgery, highlighting opportunities for improved outcomes and patient satisfaction.
Piezoelectric surgery - Gaining popularity in modern periodontics: A review
Authors: Razi Mohammed Ahsan , Singh Manoj Kumar , Krishna K Sri , Zarrin Rabia , Qamar Seema
Published: May 2024

In this modern era of dentistry, piezoelectric surgery is one of the novel innovations invented by T. Vercelloti to perform various osseous surgeries. The piezoelectric device increases treatment effectiveness and ease of using the instrument during the surgery. Minor bleeding, accuracy in cutting, and magnificent tissue healing make it best to enhance surgical results despite being used in the most complex anatomical cases. The piezoelectric device produces ultrasonic vibration (25-29KHz frequency), an oscillation (60-120µm), and power up to 50W. Piezoelectric surgery devices allow for adequate bone-cutting without damaging the soft tissue. The present review emphasizes its discovery, ideology, components, and wide application in dentistry.
Hemangioma of the buccal mucosa treated with sclerotherapy: A rare case report
Authors: Hasan Shamimul , Arif Shabia
Published: May 2024

Hemangiomas are common benign vascular anomalies that can occur in various locations throughout the body, including the oral cavity. The lesions are generally asymptomatic and exhibit a variation in the size and colour. Here, we present a case report of a hemangioma located in the buccal mucosa of a 40-year-old female patient who presented with asymptomatic reddish purplish swellings in the buccal mucosa, which had gradually increased in size over the last 6 months. Clinical examination and imaging studies confirmed the diagnosis of a hemangioma. 1 ml of 3% of sclerosing agent (sterol; sodium tetradecyl sulphate) mixed with lignocaine HCL was injected in the periphery of the lesion, once a week for 3 weeks, and periodic follow-up evaluation revealed a marked reduction in the lesion size. This case demonstrates the feasibility and efficacy of sclerotherapy as a minimally invasive treatment option for hemangiomas of the buccal mucosa, particularly in cases where surgical excision may be technically challenging or associated with significant morbidity.
Desirable outcome after bone grafting and implants in atropic anterior maxilla with reverse architecture
Authors: Gupta Gaurav , Gupta D.K , Gupta Priyanka , Chandra Neeraj , Sankhla Devanshi , Gupta Richa
Published: May 2024

A significant advancement in dentistry has been made with the successful use of implants to replace missing teeth. Bone volume is frequently deficient in the anterior maxilla, and either the quality and quantity of accessible bone is frequently varying. But nowadays, implants are also being inserted in sites where ridge deficiency vary dimensions. For placing implants in deficient ridges, the surgical specialist has a variety of treatment options thanks to the numerous reconstruction techniques involving bone graft, guided bone regeneration, orthognathic surgery, or bone distraction. Almost every complicated situation involving jaws deficient bone can be effectively treated with these methods if performed appropriately. This case discusses the sequential steps taken in a situation where the anteriors were missing and replaced by implant with placement of bone graft.
Histoplasmosis diseminada con manifestaciones cutáneas en síndrome inflamatorio de reconstitución inmune: reporte de caso
Authors: Carrillo-Castro Juanita , Adarme-Ardila Nicolás David , Gómez-Fontalvo César Alfonso , Ballesteros-Zárate Zully Johanna
Published: May 2024

La histoplasmosis diseminada es una micosis oportunista producida por el hongo Histoplasma capsulatum, con manifestaciones clínicas variadas y con una relación con el Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Los pacientes con reciente inicio de terapia antirretroviral tienen mayor riesgo de agravamiento de infecciones oportunistas subyacentes o reactivación de infecciones enmascaradas secundario al desarrollo del Síndrome Inflamatorio de Reconstitución Inmune. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar el caso de un paciente de 25 años con antecedente de VIH con reciente inicio de terapia antirretroviral, quien presenta síntomas constitucionales, compromiso respiratorio y lesiones cutáneas generalizadas, con aislamiento en muestra de lavado alveolar y biopsia cutánea de estructuras micóticas compatibles con histoplasma; configurando así un caso de histoplasmosis diseminada en contexto del Síndrome Inflamatorio de Reconstitución Inmune, con manifestaciones cutáneas inusuales. Se resalta la importancia de identificar esta entidad poco frecuente y sus manifestaciones, las cuales pueden resultar atípicas y severas.
Frecuencia, factores de riesgo y características de los estudiantes de enfermería con intención de abandono escolar
Authors: Rosero-Medina Diego Fernando , Troche-Gutiérrez Ingrid Yolercy , Gómez-Tovar Luz Omaira
Published: May 2024

Introducción: el abandono y deserción de los estudios superiores son preocupaciones compartidas por los sistemas educativos del mundo, por tratarse de fenómenos generalizados que repercuten negativamente en el desarrollo económico y social de los países, especialmente los que se encuentran en vías de desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia, factores de riesgo y características de los estudiantes de enfermería con intención de abandono escolar en una universidad pública. Metodología: estudio analítico transversal, cuya población estuvo constituida por 81 estudiantes, seleccionados a través de un muestreo probabilístico estratificado. Se empleó el cuestionario Factores de riesgo de deserción estudiantil universitaria y se elaboró un cuestionario para valorar las características de los estudiantes con intención de abandono. El análisis estadístico se realizó con estadística descriptiva e inferencial a través de pruebas paramétricas y no paramétricas. Como medida de asociación se calculó el OR bivariado y análisis de regresión. Resultados: la frecuencia de intención de abandono escolar fue de 45,6 % y se asoció con el género masculino, proceder de Neiva, tener nivel medio de motivación, regular interacción social, regular estado de salud, motivos personales, preferir estudiar en otra universidad y tener buena relación con los compañeros. Dentro de las características de los estudiantes con intención de abandono escolar se halló la revisión de temas de otras asignaturas, estar poco concentrados durante las clases y no participar en actividades representativas o grupos sociales del programa ni de la universidad. Conclusiones: la alta frecuencia en la intención de abandono escolar de la carrera de enfermería puede verse influenciada por factores individuales, socioeconómicos y académicos, siendo necesario propiciar reflexiones en torno a las estrategias que la universidad y específicamente el programa pueden realizar e implementar para mitigar dicha problemática y que redunden en la permanencia y graduación de estos estudiantes.
Carga laboral de enfermería en unidades de cuidados respiratorios para pacientes COVID-19
Authors: Jimenez-Hernández Gustavo Edgardo , Peña-Jaramillo Yesenia Margarita
Published: May 2024

Introducción: la pandemia de COVID-19 ha tenido un efecto importante en el sector de la salud, en particular en las áreas de cuidados intensivos y respiratorios. Los profesionales de enfermería que trabajan en estas áreas han experimentado una sobrecarga de trabajo que ha tenido un impacto negativo en la calidad de atención y en la seguridad de los pacientes. Objetivo: evaluar la carga de trabajo en enfermería durante la atención de pacientes con COVID-19 de dos unidades respiratorias por medio del Nursing Activities Score (NAS). Metodología: se llevó a cabo un estudio descriptivo de corte transversal. Se analizaron variables sociodemográficas y las puntuaciones NAS. Resultados: se realizó un estudio que incluyó a 452 pacientes hospitalizados en unidades de cuidado respiratorio debido al COVID-19. La edad promedio en el grupo con puntuaciones NAS bajo fue de 57,6 ± 19,8 años, mientras que en el grupo con puntuaciones NAS elevadas fue de 60,3 ± 21,7 años. El análisis estadístico reveló que un puntaje NAS elevado estaba asociado con la presencia de comorbilidades, una estancia prolongada en el hospital y una mayor tasa de mortalidad, con un valor de p menor a 0,00. Discusión: estos resultados sugieren que los pacientes con COVID-19 exhiben características clínicas y demográficas parecidas en todo el mundo, y que la existencia de enfermedades preexistentes y el tiempo de hospitalización podrían ser elementos cruciales que influencien la gravedad del padecimiento y el índice de mortalidad. Conclusiones: la población de pacientes COVID-19 en este estudio presentó particularidades clínicas y demográficas similares a investigaciones previas sobre la enfermedad. La presencia de enfermedades preexistentes, el tiempo de hospitalización y la mortalidad se relacionaron a NAS elevados en esta población.
Fomento da formação do senso crítico dos alunos do Ensino Médio Integrado por meio do gênero textual charge
Authors: Rodrigues Costa André Luís , Pereira Rufino Hugo Leonardo
Published: May 2024

Este artigo apresenta um estado da arte, partindo do seguinte questionamento: A utilização do gênero charge integrada e articulada na prática docente e tem impacto positivo na formação do leitor discursivo-crítico, de forma a promover o pensamento crítico dos alunos? Tem como objetivo elencar os benefícios de se utilizar o gênero textual charge, como recurso didático, no estímulo do senso crítico dos alunos. Os resultados indicaram importantes aspectos que estão inseridos na ideia de senso crítico, dentre eles: a intertextualidade, a contextualização da realidade e a leitura crítica. Conclui-se que os trabalhos analisados demonstraram que a utilização do gênero multimodal charge é benéfica e tem impacto positivo na formação do leitor discursivo-crítico. Além disso, ressaltam a importância de uma abordagem integrada e articulada na prática docente, visando o fortalecimento das habilidades textuais dos estudantes e sua preparação para interagir socialmente por meio de textos em diversos gêneros e contextos sociais.