bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Construction and Validation of a Sex-Based Equal-Opportunity Measure for the College Campus
Authors: Hooper Sharon K. , Miller Duane I. , Topping Jeff S. , Wells-Parker Elisabeth N.
Published: August 2011

The preliminary stages in constructing and validating a sex-based equal opportunity climate measure were researched. Content and construct validity were established for the initial instrument's validation. 64 subjects comprised a content-evaluation panel to examine the measure based on content relating to equal opportunity. Construct validity was established through factorial validity, internal consistency, and discriminant validity. Three factors emerged in the factor analysis, indicating three subcategories related to an over-all construct of equal opportunity. Cronbach alphas for the internal consistency were high and corresponded to the factors. Statistically significant t tests indicated that each factor was sensitive to the experimental manipulation used to establish discriminant validity. It was concluded that the instrument had content and construct validity and would be a useful measure of ecological dissonance generated in sexist climates.
Measuring Strain in Personal Relationships: A Refinement
Authors: Wright Paul H. , Conneran Paula J.
Published: August 2011

A scale for measuring difficulty in maintenance of relationships appeared to assess strain associated with characteristics of one's partner. A new scale takes into account situational as well as personal sources of strain.
Kinetic Family Drawings and Mmpi Diagnostic Indicators in Adolescent Psychiatric Inpatients
Authors: Stawar Terry L. , Stawar Diane E.
Published: August 2011

Correlations among Kinetic Family Drawings and MMPI indicators of depressive, anxiety, behavioral, and thought disorders and diagnostic category were estimated for a group of 52 adolescent psychiatric inpatients. No statistically significant values were found between test indicators and corresponding MMPI scales or diagnoses, although MMPI D and Sc scales were significantly related to diagnosis. Results do not support the concurrent or construct validity of the drawings.
Combined Medical and Psychological Treatment of Postchemotherapy Nausea and Vomiting: A Case Study
Authors: Booraem Curtis D. , Flowers John V. , Gumbiner Jann
Published: August 2011

The current case study illustrates the innovative potential of combined medical and psychological treatment of postchemotherapy nausea and vomiting for cancer patients. A 58-yr.-old male patient diagnosed with leukemia and on a weekly cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) treatment protocol, experienced violent vomiting episodes approximately 3 hr. after each injection. Emesis was so severe that the patient considered terminating treatment. Control was attempted with antiemetics (Compazine, Reglan), an antianxiety agent (Valium), an hypnotic (Dalmane), canabinol, hypnosis, and relaxation training without success. A re-examination of these strategies employing experimental rigor and data-responsive experimental designs indicated how success can be achieved without the necessity of new interventions. The patient experienced complete emetic relief and at 3-yr. follow-up remained symptom-free.
Effects of Verbal Cues on Fantasy of Fear of Success
Authors: Yamauchi Hirotsugu
Published: August 2011

To examine the effects of verbal cues on fantasy of fear of success, four cue sentences, consisting of a combination of the hero's sex and sex-linked jobs, were administered to college students. The percentages of fear of success in both men and women were significantly higher than in the traditionally incongruous relations between hero and job than in the congruous relations.
Why Men with Hair Loss Go to the Doctor
Authors: Passchier J. , Rijpma S. E. , Dutrée-Meulenberg R. O. G. M. , Verhage F. , Stolz E.
Published: August 2011

Consultations, motives, experience, and attitudes were explored in 201 men with alopecia androgenetica who had two years before shown interest in hair treatment using minoxidil. During the past two years, one-third consulted a professional on account of hair loss. General practitioners were consulted by 60% and other professionals by about 75%. The main motive for the consultation was hair treatment, which was offered to half of the consulting subjects. Medical professionals were generally considered to be more suitable than other professionals for consultation on minoxidil treatment. The perceived chance of the treatment being successful and the amount of hair problems experienced seemed more important factors for consulting than the views on the suitability of a professional or the extent of baldness. There were indications that subjects who consulted both general practitioners and other professionals had also more general problems.
Family Interaction and Outcome IQ in High-Risk Boys
Authors: Greenwald Deborah F.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between measures of family interaction and outcome for 97 boys at risk for psychopathology from having one parent previously hospitalized for psychiatric illness. Measures of communication deviance and of activity, balance and warmth, derived from two family activities, correlated significantly with 3-yr. follow-up adaptive functioning, measured by IQ. Poor family interaction, in previous studies associated with schizophrenic symptomatology, was here correlated with poor cognitive/social/emotional functioning, suggesting that family interaction may be a broad predictor of adequacy of functioning.
Cross-National Generalizability of Dimensions of Perceived Parental Rearing Practices: Hungary and the Netherlands; A Correction and Repetition with Healthy Adolescents
Authors: Arrindell W. A. , Gaszner P. , Perris C. , Eisemann M. , Van Der Ende J. , Perris H.
Published: August 2011

In a previous study, an attempt was undertaken to examine whether dimensions of parental rearing style as measured with the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran (EMBU) on dimensions of Rejection, Emotional Warmth, Overprotection, and Favoring Subject can be generalized from Dutch adult samples, for whom they were originally interpreted from factor analyses, to an Hungarian adult sample. The findings suggested either differences in the meaning of the constructs between Hungarians and the Dutch or the presence of errors of translation in the Hungarian version. To rule out the possibility of inadequate translation, the Hungarian item-content was cross-checked by our Hungarian coworkers and, after reformulating several items, used for obtaining new data with a sample of adolescents. On the whole, negative findings with the old version disappeared with the new; clear evidence was found here for qualitative similarity/identity of the Rejection, Emotional Warmth, and Overprotection dimensions across the Dutch and Hungarian samples. Further studies with Hungarian persons are needed to examine whether these dimensions generalize from (nonpatient) adolescent to adult samples.
Work Profiles of Research Statisticians
Authors: Lane J. , Ray R. , Glennon D.
Published: August 2011

Analysis of work profiles of 138 persons who had published in the Journal of the American Statistical Association showed this study group published more often than 128 members of the Association and tended to enjoy research, being less interested in the theoretical contribution of their work and more interested in the likelihood of work being published. Administrative and committee duties were impediments for those who published.
Psychological Aspects of the Nuclear Arms Threat: Annotated Bibliography Update: Ii. G—L
Authors: French Christopher C.
Published: August 2011

This article provides the second section of a four-part update of an annotated bibliography of books, articles and chapters related to the psychological aspects of the nuclear arms threat. This particular section lists some 97 references. The complete bibliography provides details of 596 references.
Self-Actualization as Related to Age of Faculty Members at a Large Midwestern University
Authors: Hawkins Michele J. , Hawkins Wesley E. , Ryan Ellen R.
Published: August 2011

Maslow suggested that individuals were more likely to realize levels of self-actualization as they became older. The Personal Orientation Inventory was administered to a random sample of 290 faculty members of a midwestern university to examine trends for self-actualization as related to age. Polynomial regression analysis yielded no trends for self-actualization and age, a finding which contradicts Maslow's earlier hypothesis that self-actualization increases with age.
Relationship of Dui Recidivism to Moral Reasoning, Sensation Seeking, and MacAndrew Alcoholism Scores
Authors: Little Gregory L. , Robinson Kenneth D.
Published: August 2011

115 convicted male DUI offenders were treated with Moral Reconation Therapy during their incarceration. Postrelease recidivism status (arrests) was correlated with the pretest, posttest, and change scores on the MacAndrew Alcoholism Scale, Sensation Seeking Scale, Life-purpose scores, and Moral Reasoning scores. Analysis showed that recidivism correlated positively and significantly with the pretest scores on the MacAndrew scale and approached significance with both pre- and posttest scores on the Sensation Seeking Scale. Recidivism status correlated negatively and significantly with scores on the highest levels of moral reasoning (Scale 6 pretest and posttest and Principled Reasoning pretest).
Personality and Mathematical Achievement
Authors: Odom Jerry , Shaughnessy Michael
Published: August 2011

This paper examines the role of personality factors in academic achievement, specifically achievement in mathematics, using self-concept as a major aspect of personality. A sample of 21 high school students with advanced placement in mathematics were given Cattell's Sixteen Personality Factor Questionnaire (16 PF). A significantly high factor rating appeared on Factor E for the total group. Factor E (high end) is described as dominant, self-assured, assertive, independent, and bold. When the sample was separated by sex, additional factors began to emerge. Factor A (warm, outgoing) showed higher than average in the 13 boys while Factor O (anxious) emanated as higher than average in the 8 girls. Implications for teachers relative to students' personalities are discussed.
Malingering Emotional Distress on the Scl-90-R: Toxic Exposure and Cancerphobia
Authors: Lees-Haley Paul R.
Published: August 2011

This study reports that 100% of 52 untrained volunteers were able to fake psychopathology on the SCL-90-R at a level comparable to the average range for psychiatric patients. Although not questioning the nonforensic clinical usefulness of the instrument, the author cautions SCL-90-R users to employ the instrument with care in contexts in which deception is an issue. Data on efforts to fake cancerphobia and emotional distress secondary to toxic exposure are presented.
Reactions, Expectancies, and College Students' Drinking
Authors: Johnson Patrick B.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between adolescent girls' drinking behavior and the expected reactions of parents and friends to this behavior. Analysis indicated that friends were expected to be generally more approving than parents of frequency and quantity of current drinking. The discussion focused on these results and their relationship to competing hypotheses about adolescents' alcohol use.
Self-Esteem and Locus of Control of College Men in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Abdallah Taisir M.
Published: August 2011

This study examined the relationship between self-esteem and locus of control of 300 male subjects from King Saud University, Saudi Arabia (Riyadh). Analysis indicated positive correlations between self-esteem total score, and self-worth, and locus of control, personal efficacy, and sociopolitical control, while there was a negative correlation of interpersonal control with self-esteem total score and with negative self-image. Also, there was a positive correlation between self-worth and interpersonal control.
Processing Effects of Expectancy-Discrepant Persuasive Messages
Authors: Hunt James M. , Smith Michael F. , Kernan Jerome B.
Published: August 2011

The effects of expectancy disconfirmation on depth of message processing and persuasion were investigated in two experiments on personal selling. In Exp. 1, subjects read an apocryphal sales presentation containing various arguments, one of which was either expected or unexpected in terms of claimed product superiority. Textual location of this manipulated claim was at the end of the message. Consistent with O'Brien and Myers' (1985) reprocessing effect, results indicate that expectancy disconfirmation promotes deeper levels of message analysis, accompanied by more accurate aided message recall (recognition). In addition, the extent to which postmessage attitudes rely on persuasive argumentation is shown to be greater in the case of expectancy disconfirmation. Results from Exp. 2, where disconfirming text appeared at the beginning of the persuasive message, also show a significant disconfirmation effect. Although the pattern of postmessage attitudes does not parallel exactly that found in Exp. 1, a disconfirmation effect, independent of reprocessing, is suggested by several associated cognitive measures.
Interpreting Statistical Insignificance: A Bayesian Perspective
Authors: Johnstone David J.
Published: August 2011

It is often stated that results which are not statistically significant at conventional levels (5% is the common benchmark) represent neither evidence against the null hypothesis nor for it. That is, tests of significance have no logical facility to support the hypothesis tested. This logical standpoint appears in the writings of R. A. Fisher and is endorsed in various textbooks. Notwithstanding the position taken by Fisher (who appears later to have changed his mind), statistical theorists, both orthodox and Bayesian, accept that results which are statistically insignificant may represent strong evidence in favor of the null hypothesis, particularly if the sample size is very large (power is high). This is contrary to the interpretation advocated by a great many researchers in applied disciplines. Among those who use classical (Fisherian) tests of significance, Fisher's initial standpoint remains widely accepted.
Bombesin Improves Rats' Operant Responding Maintained by a Differential-Reinforcement-of-Low-Rates Schedule of Food Reinforcement
Authors: Bowers Robin L. , Harris-Peterson Michelle , Mollenhauer Matthew S. , DeVolder Carol , Avery David D. , Richards Ralph W.
Published: August 2011

The present study examined rats' responding on a differential-reinforcemenr-of-low-rates schedule of food reinforcement following intraperitoneal injections of various doses of bombesin (4, 6, 8, 16, 32 μg/kg). Analyses indicated that only the 6 μg/kg dosage improved DRL responding. The findings are consistent with prior research examining bombesin's effect on operant behavior and support the notion that bombesin induces satiety rather than malaise.
Effects of Environment on Psychological Well-Being of Elderly Persons
Authors: Qassis Salim , Hayden Davis C.
Published: August 2011

This study reports an investigation of the psychological well-being of 90 elderly persons living in independent, retirement, and nursing homes. In previous studies elderly persons have not been matched on high levels of social and physical functioning across these living environments. Analyses indicated significantly that elderly persons living in their own homes or retirement homes reported greater well-being than their matched cohorts in nursing homes.
Career Personality Types and Learning Styles
Authors: Atkinson George , Murrell Patricia H. , Winters Michael R
Published: August 2011

The use of personality types and learning styles has become more frequent in career development. Present data for 169 college freshmen suggest relations between Holland's personality types and Kolb's learning styles.
Locus of Control and Perceived Alcohol Ingestion in Performance of a Fine Motor Skill
Authors: Breckenridge Robert L. , Berger R. Scott
Published: August 2011

To investigate the influence of locus of control on a fine motor coordination task where subjects had ingested or believed that they had ingested alcohol, 60 men who were enrolled in introductory psychology and scored in the upper or lower thirds of the population on Rotter's I-E Scale (30 external and 30 internal scorers) were randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: a control group (no alcohol expected/no alcohol received), an alcohol group (alcohol expected/alcohol received), and a placebo group (alcohol expected/no alcohol received). Pretest and posttest measures of performance on the Purdue Pegboard Test were obtained from all subjects. Subjects in the control groups were given three 6-oz. (177.4-ml) glasses of fruit punch over a 35-min. waiting period between pretest and posttest on the Purdue Pegboard. The alcohol groups drank a sufficient number of similar glasses (usually three) to produce a 0.1% measure on a breathalyzer before completing the posttest on the Purdue Pegboard. The placebo groups were told that they were drinking an alcohol-based drink but were served three glasses of a nonalcoholic, rum-flavored fruit drink. These groups were also told that they measured 0.1% on a breathalyzer. Control groups, both internal and external scorers, showed essentially no change from pre- to posttest on the Purdue Pegboard. The alcohol groups, on the other hand, both internal and external scorers, showed a significant decrement in performance. The internal-placebo group did not differ from the two control groups and showed no decrement in performance. The external-placebo group, however, did not differ from the two alcohol groups and showed a significant decrement in performance at posttest on the Purdue Pegboard, despite the fact that they had ingested no alcohol. This supported the hypothesis that the external scorers who believed they had ingested alcohol would behave as though they had.
Why Summaries of Research on Psychological Theories are Often Uninterpretable
Authors: Meehl Paul E.
Published: August 2011

Null hypothesis testing of correlational predictions from weak substantive theories in soft psychology is subject to the influence of ten obfuscating factors whose effects are usually (1) sizeable, (2) opposed, (3) variable, and (4) unknown. The net epistemic effect of these ten obfuscating influences is that the usual research literature review is well-nigh uninterpretable. Major changes in graduate education, conduct of research, and editorial policy are proposed.
Idiosyncratic Effects of Implicit Theories of Leadership
Authors: Kraus George , Gemmill Gary
Published: August 2011

Utilizing the dimensions of Initiating Structure and Consideration developed by Halpin, the present investigation examined the idiosyncratic effects of implicit theories of leadership. The importance of Consideration and Initiating Structure behavior as components of implicit theories of leadership held by 153 college students was predicted to relate to their evaluations of a leader's effectiveness and the responsibility attributed to a leader for a successful group outcome. A leader whose written description emphasized Consideration behavior was judged to be more effective and more responsible for an alleged group success in proportion to the importance respondents placed on Consideration behavior in their implicit theories of leadership. The leader who emphasized Consideration behavior was also judged less effective in proportion to the importance respondents placed on Initiating Structure behavior in their implicit leadership theories. Results also indicated that a leader who emphasized Initiating Structure behavior was attributed responsibility for an alleged group success in proportion to the extent to which the respondents considered Initiating Structure Behavior to be of major importance in their implicit theories of leadership.
Parental Control and Conservatism Revisited
Authors: de Man A. F.
Published: August 2011

35 men and 35 women participated in a study of the relationship between experienced parental control and conservatism in early adult life. The correlation for the combined subjects indicated a low association between the two variables. Separate analyses for the men and women gave a significant result for the women but not for the men.
Developing Tests for Measuring Bloom's Learning Outcomes
Authors: Kottke Janet L. , Schuster Donald H.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this project was to develop tests to measure the six facets of Bloom's Taxonomy of Educational Objectives for the Cognitive Domain. Eight short stories with different themes were written, and tests were developed to measure Bloom's six different levels. After revisions of the items and stories, 487 college students read all 8 stories and answered multiple-choice items and vocabulary quizzes for each story. Factor and reliability analyses yielded inconclusive results regarding Bloom's taxonomy.
Effects of Birth Order, Sex, and Astrological Sign on Personality
Authors: Shaughnessy Michael F. , Neely Renee , Manz Adrian , Nystul Michael
Published: August 2011

Birth order has been extensively investigated; however, few studies have been cross-cultural in nature and fewer still have investigated specific familial forms. The present study explored birth order and belief in astrology in Australian and American students. No comparisons were significant, but belief in astrology was associated with higher Extraversion scores. More students in both countries believed in astrology than those who did not.
Two-Phase Clearance of Lithium from Plasma in Rats
Authors: Sterner Ray T.
Published: August 2011

Data from 10 Philippine rice rats show the two-phase pattern of lithium elimination from plasma, confirming and extending earlier work.
Factor Analysis of the Substance Abuse Attitude Survey with College Undergraduates
Authors: Jenkins Stephen J. , Fisher Gary L. , Applegate Roy L.
Published: August 2011

Few standardized instruments measure attitudes and beliefs towards substance abuse. The Substance Abuse Attitude Survey, developed for measuring drug attitudes in medical education, was administered to 598 college undergraduates, and a factor analysis was performed. Three coherent and stable factors were identified, e.g., Stereotypes and Moralism, Treatment, and Permissiveness. Internal consistency and 6-wk. test-retest measures indicated moderate to high reliability factor structure. Results are discussed in terms of sample differences between this effort and a previous validation.
Race and Brain Weight: A Note on J. P. Rushton's Conclusions
Authors: Cernovsky Zack Zdenek
Published: August 2011

Rushton's (1988) reinterpretatjon of recent research on brain weight one-sidedly emphasizes the findings of heavier brain weight in whites than in blacks and neglects to comment on a larger difference found between men and women. Rushton explicitly used brain size as indicator of intelligence. His implicit conclusion that women are less intelligent than men is not supported by empirical research.
Benefits of Humor in Reduction of Threat-Induced Anxiety
Authors: Yovetich Nancy A. , Dale J Alexander , Hudak Mary A.
Published: August 2011

The benefits of humor in reducing anxiety were investigated in a laboratory study, in which subjects were falsely led to believe they would receive a shock in 12 min. Participants were 53 undergraduate students with either high or low sense of humor as measured by the Situational Humor Response Questionnaire of Martin and Lefcourt (1984). During the anticipatory period, subjects listened to either a humorous tape, a nonhumorous tape, or no tape. Dependent variables were repeated measures of self-reported anxiety, heart rate, and zygomatic facial activity. Anxiety increased over the anticipatory period, as predicted. A significant interaction between condition and time indicated that subjects from the humor condition consistently rated themselves as less anxious and reported less increase in stress as the shock approached. A three-way interaction concentrating on the final 3 min. indicated a tendency for subjects with low sense of humor to have higher heart rates in the no-tape condition than in the humorous or nonhumorous tape conditions. Analysis for zygomatic activity indicated more smiling by subjects with high sense of humor and by subjects in the humor condition. Also, the humorous tape elicited more smiling by subjects with high sense of humor.
Relationship between Sex-Role and Moral Decision-Making
Authors: Yatsko Cheryl , Larsen Janet D.
Published: August 2011

This study was done to assess whether sex-role influences moral decision-making. 71 subjects took the Bem Sex-role Inventory and a multiple-choice questionnaire based on Kohlberg's moral dilemmas. Researchers predicted that masculine subjects would base their answers to Kohlberg's dilemmas on law-and-order type justice, feminine subjects would base their answers on empathy and caring for others, and androgynous and undifferentiated subjects would select both law and empathy based responses. Sex-role was not significantly related to moral decision-making.
Four-Choice Win-Stay Water Escape Acquisition by Rats
Authors: Means Larry W. , Bass E. Woodley
Published: August 2011

Rats were capable of acquiring a four-choice win-stay water-escape task. While preventing access to the incorrect choice sections on information runs affected the first choices made on test runs, it did not affect rate of acquisition.
Evaluation of Motivation among Video-Poker Players
Authors: Dumont Michel , Ladouceur Robert
Published: August 2011

This study evaluated the use of two questionnaires to assess the motivation of regular and occasional gamblers playing video-poker machines. Subjects (22 men and 8 women) participated in three sessions of video-poker. One questionnaire was administered during gaming activities while the other was completed at the end of each session. It was predicted that responses on both questionnaires would distinguish between the motivation of regular and occasional gamblers and that regular gamblers would show stronger motivation than the latter group. Both hypotheses were confirmed. The implications of these results are discussed.
Personal Constructs of Fluency: A Study Comparing Stutterers and Nonstutterers
Authors: Naidoo S. , Pillay Y G
Published: August 2011

The personal construct systems relating to fluency of a group of five stutterers and a group of five nonstutterers were examined using the repertory grid technique. The results support findings that stereotypical notions about stuttering were characteristic of both stutterers and nonstutterers and did not support Fransella's 1972 assumption that constructs relating to fluency differ in the communication subsystems of stutterers and nonstutterers.
Application of the List of Values Alternative Psychographic Assessment Scale
Authors: Perm Matthew
Published: August 2011

A study was conducted to evaluate the use of the List of Values (LOV) method of assessing consumers' psychographic profiles. The LOV is a public domain scale composed of nine value-items on which consumers select the value with which they most identify, including, self-respect, security, warm relationships with others, sense of accomplishment, self-fulfillment, sense of belonging, being well-respected, fun and enjoyment, and excitement. A total of 400 shoppers at two regional shopping malls were interviewed and their primary psychographic profiles assessed using the LOV scale. The LOV scale was simple to administer and was well received by respondents. Consumers who valued self-respect, being well-respected, and a sense of belonging were more likely to purchase more health and beauty aids than those with other psychographic profiles.
Effect of Sex on Excitation Transfer and Recall of Television News
Authors: Scott Randall K.
Published: August 2011

The effect of transferred arousal from a prior television program was examined in relation to sex of subjects and their recall of television news. Subjects were randomly assigned to four experimental conditions which manipulated hedonic tone (positive/negative) and excitation (low/high) of prime-time television segments. Subjects then viewed a 5-min. television newscast and were tested on news item recall. An independent t test indicated that women recalled significantly more total news items than men. A two-factor analysis of variance showed that, in both low excitation conditions, men and women recalled more news items during time Phase 1 (0:00—1:59). Men and women recalled significantly more news items in both high excitation conditions during time Phase 2 (2:00—3:59). Women recalled significantly more news items than men during Phase 2 of the positive hedonic, low excitation treatment, and in both positive hedonic conditions, women recalled significantly more news items than men. Over-all, men and women recalled significantly more news items in the negative-hedonic, high-excitation treatment than in the other three conditions. Findings fit predictions derived from the excitation transfer theory and were attributed to differences in men's and women's perceptions of interpersonal relationships. Areas for further research were mentioned.
Affect Intensity and Self- versus other-Referent Information Processing
Authors: Calloni Judith C. , Ross Michael J.
Published: August 2011

High and low affectively intense subjects were compared on endorsement ratings and incidental recall of positive, negative, and neutral trait adjectives rated for self-descriptiveness or other-descriptiveness. The effects of affect intensity were limited to endorsement patterns of positively valenced sell-referenced words; no significant findings were obtained for recall data. These findings suggest that intensity of affect does not appear to be a confounding factor in studies of mood and self-schematic information processing.
Survey of Food and Vitamin Intake Responses Reported by University Students Experiencing Stress
Authors: Spillman Diana
Published: August 2011

Students were asked to identify stresses in their lives and the methods they employed to alleviate these stresses. Exercise and consumption of foods were the most commonly used methods to alleviate stress. Carbohydrates were the most frequently consumed foods and vitamins were more readily consumed during stress.
Tourette Syndrome: Relation to Children's and Parents' Self-Concepts
Authors: Edell-Fisher Barbara H. , Motta Robert W.
Published: August 2011

We investigated the self-concepts of Tourette Syndrome patients and their mothers. The subjects were 30 children with Tourette Syndrome and their mothers, and 30 children matched on age, sex, and socioeconomic status and their mothers. The results indicated that, while the children did not differ on self-concept, the mothers of the Tourette Syndrome patients had lower self-concepts than the mothers of the controls, suggesting that family members should be considered in the treatment of the Tourette Syndrome children. In addition, severity of illness was positively correlated with the children's reports of behavior disturbance and dysphoric mood, although not with over-all self-concept. These results indicate that in more severe cases of Tourette Syndrome, children may experience emotional problems requiring therapeutic intervention.
Changes in Resident Mix in Nursing Homes: Cognitive and Sensory Data from a (Redesigned) Sampling Plan
Authors: Abraham Ivo L. , Neundorfer Marcia M. , Cowling W. Richard , Sutorius Scott D.
Published: August 2011

In planning and implementing a study, we unintentionally and seren-dipitously obtained data about changes in resident mix over a 2.8-yr. period. We screened residents of a 184-bed nursing home for cognition and sensorium in October 1984 to assess sampling feasibility for a grant proposal in preparation. At that time, 65.2% of the residents met the sampling criteria. However, in July/August 1987, after award of funding, only 5.4% of residents of the same nursing home met the cognitive and sensory criteria. We were forced to recruit from an additional six nursing homes, in which only 9.3% of residents met the sampling criteria.
Effects of Prenatal Ethanol Exposure on Juvenile Play-Fighting and Postpubertal Aggression in Rats
Authors: Royalty Joel
Published: August 2011

The effects of prenatal ethanol exposure on juvenile play-fighting and postpubetal aggressive behavior in rats were longitudinally assessed in the context of more conventionally applied physical and behavioral measures. Pregnant animals were treated with either 2 gm/kg/day ethanol or isocaloric sucrose over gestation Days 6—19. Reproduction and somatic variables included maternal weight over gestation, offspring weight over Days 1—90, and age at eye opening and incisor eruption. Behavioral variables consisted of negative geotaxis, olfactory discrimination, activity, juvenile play-fighting, and postpubetal aggression. Ethanol offspring had lower birth weights, but there was no significant prenatal treatment effect on subsequent offspring weights or on any other reproductive or somatic variable. Both male and female ethanol-exposed offspring exhibited more play-fighting responses when paired with same-sex controls. Postpubertal aggression levels were assessed in males only. Ethanol-exposed offspring were more aggressive than controls and there was a significant positive correlation between play-fighting and postpubertal aggression ranks. No other behavioral measures discriminated between prenatal treatment groups and none were significantly correlated with either play-fighting or postpubertal aggression rank. The results are consistent with the position that juvenile play-fighting and postpubertal aggression are subserved by common substrates. They also are consistent with predictions derived from the hypothesis concerning a response-inhibition deficit as an effect of prenatal ethanol exposure on behavior.
Effect of Taxonomic Examples on Free-Classification among Subjects with Two Levels of Formal Schooling
Authors: Arevalo Jose S. , Bart William M.
Published: August 2011

Unschooled subjects and schooled subjects received instructions on a free-classification task either with or without taxonomic examples. Unschooled subjects who received taxonomic examples gave significantly more taxonomic responses than those unschooled subjects who did not receive such examples. However, providing taxonomic examples did not increase taxonomic responses for those persons with six years of schooling.
Matching Job Previews to Individual Applicants' Needs
Authors: Gaugler Barbara B. , Thornton George C.
Published: August 2011

An organizational recruitment simulation was conducted to examine the extent to which applicants' initial impressions of the organization are a function of the extent to which their highly valued needs are addressed and the realism of the portrayal in a job preview. Tailoring the content of job previews to the individual's needs raised applicants' expectations about most work factors in the organization. However, realism in the job preview lowered expectations about the organization as well as anticipated job offer acceptance rates and commitment to the organization.
Fantasy Proneness and Paranormal Beliefs
Authors: Irwin Harvey J.
Published: August 2011

The report of personal parapsychological experiences has been linked with the personality construct of fantasy proneness. It is possible that the factor of paranormal belief mediates this association. Certainly some data suggest that paranormal belief is conducive to the report of parapsychological experiences. This study examined the feasibility of the other facet of the issue, namely, that fantasy proneness facilitates paranormal belief. For a group of 92 adults a measure of fantasy proneness correlated significantly with belief in traditional religious concepts, psi, witchcraft, spiritualism, extraordinary life forms, and precognition.
Inconsistency of Research Results and Researchers' Responsibility
Authors: Jones Robert E.
Published: August 2011

When results of studies differ, having a careful description of the experimental conditions may allow systematic exploration of the factors which might contribute to the differences. Reconciliation may result from such responsible effort.
Subtypes of Substance Abusers: Personality Differences Associated with MacAndrew Scores
Authors: Allen John P. , Faden Vivian , Rawlings Robert , Miller Ann
Published: August 2011

Several earlier studies have reported clinically relevant personality correlates of high vs low scores on the MacAndrew Scale ( Mac) of the MMPI. Unfortunately, these projects have not adjusted for age or nature of abuse. Also, most have assumed that the personality correlates are the same for female patients as for male patients. This study attempts to address these deficiencies. Even after correcting for age and diagnosis, high Mac patients differ from low Mac patients on major scales of the MMPI. The pattern of such differences varies considerably between men and women. Substance abuse treatment implications of these differences are discussed.
Test-Retest Stability of Wisc—R IQS among Young Gifted Students
Authors: Ellzey John T. , Karnes Frances A.
Published: August 2011

Test-retest stability of the WISC—R Verbal, Performance, and Full Scale IQs among 46 gifted students showed no statistically significant difference between the means. Groupings included all students, 24 boys and 22 girls, age at initial testing, and grade at initial testing. The test-retest intervals ranged from 1 to 2 yr.
The Factor Structure of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire—Dutch
Authors: Van Der Ploeg Henk M.
Published: August 2011

The factor structure of the Dutch adaptation of the Menstrual Distress Questionnaire (MDQ) was studied in a group of 702 women with high probability of premenstrual symptoms. The original factor pattern could not be replicated. Essentially four factors were found: negative affect, concentration, pain, and water retention. This indicates the importance of psychological and somatic symptoms in the premenstrual syndrome.
Pain and Personality in Duodenal Ulcer: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Magni Guido , Borgherini Giuseppe , Di Mario Francesco
Published: August 2011

Personality factors measured by the Cattell's 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire were assessed for 78 duodenal ulcer patients with moderate to severe pain and in 30 duodenal ulcer patients with mild or no pain. The two groups were comparable for relevant sociodemographic variables. Patients with moderate to severe pain were significantly more tender-minded, kindly, and tended to be more introspective and glum than those reporting mild or no pain. However, the reported differences are small; adjustment of the p values to avoid Type I errors makes these differences no longer statistically significant. These results must be considered preliminary; further studies are necessary to understand the topic better.
Measuring Job Satisfaction with a Multiple-Choice Format of the Job Descriptive Index
Authors: Gregson Terry
Published: August 2011

This study used a modified version of the Job Descriptive Index to measure the job satisfaction levels of a sample of accountants affiliated with certified public accounting (CPA) firms. Summary statistics were provided for the measure of job satisfaction used. The association of the demographic measures of sex and tenure with firms to the measure of job satisfaction used was calculated. Men were more satisfied with the promotion dimension of job satisfaction than women. The pay dimension of job satisfaction was positively associated to tenure with firm. The measure of job satisfaction was highly negatively associated with intent to turnover.
Uses of Humor in Psychotherapy
Authors: Dimmer Sharon A. , Carroll James L. , Wyatt Gwen K.
Published: August 2011

Given demonstrated usefulness in facilitating learning, aiding healing, and reducing stress, humor has gained recognition as a clinical tool. This article reviews some uses and potential misuses of humor in psychotherapy and suggests directions for practice and research.
Mmpis of Hispanic, Black, and White DSM-III Schizophrenics
Authors: Velasquez Roberto J. , Callahan Wendell J.
Published: August 2011

The purpose of this study was to compare the MMPI performance of Hispanic, black, and white mental patients who were matched on the psychiatric diagnosis of schizophrenia. It was hypothesized that ethnic patient groups from a maximum security hospital would not differ significantly on any of the 13 MMPI scales as a result of being equated on psychiatric diagnosis. A secondary purpose was to examine the most frequently occurring two-point high-point codes elicited by each of the ethnic groups. Significant multivariate differences were indicated among the MMPI scales and across ethnic groups. Significant univariate differences were found among the three ethnic groups on six of the 13 MMPI scales. The most frequently occurring two-point high-point code for Hispanic and white groups was the “8-2/2-8” code, while for the black group it was the “6-8/8-6” code. Results were discussed with regard to ethnicity, psychiatric diagnosis, and MMPI performance of ethnic/racial groups.
Violent Tactics in Family Conflict Relative to Familial and Economic Factors
Authors: Cantrell Peggy J. , Carrico Michael F. , Franklin Janie N. , Grubb Henry J.
Published: August 2011

A study was conducted to examine the social, economic, and family process factors which may be associated with families' use of violent tactics in conflict within an homogeneous population in the Appalachian region of southwestern Virginia. The primary hypothesis stated that economic conditions as set by the employment status of parents would be a significant factor in predicting use of violence in the resolution of family conflict. The study employed a questionnaire modeled after that used in a national study of family violence conducted by Straus, Gelles, and Steinmetz in 1980 with additional items developed to assess regional family processes and economic conditions. 114 boys and 161 girls ranging in age from 15 to 17 yr. participated. Statistical analysis confirmed the major hypothesis: in families where the father was unemployed, there was greater than expected frequency of reported violent interactions. Additional findings included associations between previous generation's abuse and use of violent interactions as well as sex of subject and use of violent interactions.
Lead and Cadmium Levels in Violent Criminals
Authors: Pihl R. O. , Ervin F.
Published: August 2011

Two groups of violent incarcerated male criminals and 30 nonviolent criminals were compared for element content of hair by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Groups did not differ in age, socioeconomic status, or months institutionalized. The groups did differ significantly in lead and cadmium levels. The importance of cadmium in affecting reactivity to stimuli is discussed.
Differences between Blood Donors and Nondonors in Aids-Related Attitudes
Authors: LoBello Steven G.
Published: August 2011

Subjects self-identified as occasional blood donors or nondonors completed a survey to estimate differences in attitudes about donating blood. Subjects who had never donated blood were more likely than occasional donors to doubt that the blood supply was free of the AIDS virus, more likely to worry about contracting AIDS through blood transfusions or blood donations, and more likely to have an aversion to venipuncture procedures. No differences were observed between groups on fear of having an AIDS test, current worry about having the AIDS virus, or belief that AIDS can be contracted from transfused blood. Implications for increasing blood donations during the AIDS crisis are discussed.
Changes during the Course of the Psychotherapeutic Relationship
Authors: Levine Stephen W. , Herron William G.
Published: August 2011

Changes in the therapeutic relationship over time were explored using the Therapy Session Report for 30 patients and six therapists at an out-patient clinic. 11 patients dropped out after the third session, while the continuing group consisted of 19 patients for whom sessions ranged from 5 to 33 Significant differences on both patient and therapist evaluations were found between the dropout and continuing groups, there being high agreement from inception to termination. Results emphasized the importance of early establishment of a collaborative relationship in short-term psychotherapy.
Person and Situation Correlates of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder among Pow Survivors
Authors: Sutker Patricia B. , Bugg Franlynn , Allain Albert N.
Published: August 2011

131 former POWs assigned PTSD diagnoses were distinguished from 62 of their nondiagnosed counterparts by greater stressor severity reflected in measures of confinement weight loss and psychological and biological hardship as well as person characteristics of less socioeconomic advantage and lower military rank.
Psychometric Quality of the Verbalizer-Visualizer Questionnaire as a Measure of Cognitive Style
Authors: Green Kathy E. , Schroeder David H.
Published: August 2011

This study investigated the psychometric quality of the Verbalizer-Visualizer Questionnaire. Analysis indicated the scale was composed of two distinct subscales (visual style and verbal style), not one bipolar scale. While the verbal style subscale predicted verbal ability, the validity of the visual style subscale was not demonstrated. Both subscales should be revised and further study conducted with the visual style subscale.
A Generational and Sex-Based View of Managerial Work Values
Authors: Parker Barbara , Chusmir Leonard
Published: August 2011

In a study of 252 managers' work values for those born during the US baby-boom of 1946–64 and those born before the baby-boom were compared; sex differences also were examined. The most important work value in both groups is accomplishment, but significant differences between groups suggest that baby-boom managers—regardless of sex—base their belief systems more on humanistic/moralistic values than do prebaby-boom managers whose values are more traditionally pragmatic.
Effects of Physical Environment and Technological Stressors among Stock Brokers: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: Burke Ronald J.
Published: August 2011

This investigation examined the relationship of physical environment and technology-based work stressors to job satisfaction and self-reported health of professionals in the securities industry. Data were collected from 73 stockbrokers using questionnaires. Four work stressors were considered: Physical work environment, Air quality, VDT screen problems, and Equipment breakdowns. In general, stockbrokers reporting more stressors from physical environment and technological work also reported less satisfaction and poorer emotional well-being.
Self-Consciousness, Self-Esteem and Depression of Gifted School Children
Authors: Pearson Marie , Beer John
Published: August 2011

38 gifted students from north central school districts were administered the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory—Short Form, the Self-consciousness Scale, and the Children's Depression Inventory. The gifted students' mean score on depression was below the cut-off and so did not indicate depression while their mean score on self-esteem was within average range. The Pearson correlation for self-esteem and lie scores was significant and positive, indicating, if the lie scores are high, the self-esteem scores tend to be high. The General Self-consciousness mean was low; students spend time examining their own behavior and thought. The Private Self-consciousness mean was low and suggests, however, these students tend to avoid thinking about themselves and are not so overly concerned with self-examination that this interferes with everyday function. On Public Self-consciousness a borderline low mean score allows the inference that these students display little concern about how others will react to them in social settings, how they appear to others, that is, they show some insensitivity associated with high self-confidence. The mean on Social Anxiety was within the normal limits.