bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Perspectiva del derecho del medio ambiente y de las políticas ambientales de la Unión Europea (Segundo semestre 2020)
Authors: Pallàs Secall Pol
Published: January 2021

Esta crónica comprende el periodo que va del 1 de marzo de 2020 a 30 de septiembre de 2020. En ella se recoge toda la legislación medioambiental de las instituciones de la Unión Europea aprobada en este lapso de tiempo, ya sea la legislación contra el cambio climático, la protección de la biodiversidad o la legislación sobre contaminantes, pero también la legislación en otros ámbitos que pueden tener afectación en el medioambiente, como son la energía o la política pesquera.
Realidades situadas en tiempos de COVID-19: Pueblos indígenas amazónicos Waorani frente a la pandemia y el extractivismo en el Ecuador
Authors: Rivadeneira María Inés , Wilhelmi Marco Aparicio
Published: January 2021

This paper shows how the nation-state applied a homogenizing model of care in the health emergency that initially ignored the particularities of the population, the geographical situation, the provision and access to basic services (food and safe water) and health, the needs according to the cultures, as well as the specific protection against different forms of violence in the territories and towards women in family and / or community spaces. Throughout the article, we observe a discussion on institutional centralism and the exercise of self-determination by indigenous peoples in times of emergency; as well as the configuration of universalizing responses that ignore diversity and its difficulties in materializing the Plurinational State.With their nuances and differences, the Amazonian peoples demand in times of pandemic guarantee to their specific rights, respect for their traditional ways of life, culturally appropriate health care, defense of the territory against extractivism and dispossession.
Algunas consideraciones sobre el proceso de enseñanza de español a migrantes senegaleses en Buenos Aires
Authors: Arellano Nicolás , Steeb Brenda
Published: January 2021

Senegalese migration to Buenos Aires has grown considerably in recent years. This paper presents an outline of Spanish language teaching programs which are focused on this community. To this end, the principal migratory, linguistic, and educational characteristics of this community are analyzed and the way in which this analysis was utilized in the design and implementation of curricula for two Spanish schools is also explored. In particular, we examine these schools’ incorporation of a communicative approach which balances speaking, writing, and literacy. Our findings show the necessity of adopting a contrastive perspective that allows the teacher to deepen their knowledge of the learner's mother tongue (Wolof). The comparative benefits of this approach are illustrated through an analysis of positive and negative transfers between Wolof and Spanish during the teaching of the first two communicative targets of beginner level.
Editorial
Authors: Nomdedeu Rull Antoni
Published: January 2021

El número 14 de la Revista Internacional de Lenguas Extranjeras (RILE) presenta siete estudios centrados en diferentes ámbitos de la enseñanza y aprendizaje de lenguas y en los que se abordan cuestiones de muy diferente índole: las colocaciones léxicas del léxico funerario con el verbo celebrar y léxico afín en el aula ELE; los actos de habla y las tendencias en investigación en la enseñanza de la cortesía en ELE; la enseñanza de español a migrantes senegaleses en Buenos Aires; la variación y la norma lingüísticas en la enseñanza de ELE; la mejora de la expresión oral en los programas AICLE / Bilingües; los gestos como parte de la adquisición de una segunda lengua para estudiantes turcos; la historia y la situación actual de la enseñanza de español en China.
Foreign Language Teachers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs and Perspectives about Maintaining Their Students’ Interest
Authors: Pratt Comfort , Zaier Amani , Wang Yanlin
Published: January 2021

Americans do not study foreign languages long enough to achieve communicative competence, and that poses economic and security problems for the nation as well as career and personal limitations for individuals. Despite the plethora of research studies on effective approaches and methods for teaching foreign languages, there is evidence in the literature that foreign language students often experience a loss of interest in the languages, and there is a critical need to investigate the causes of the lack of interest and propose solutions. To that end, this study took a look at the possible role played by teachers’ self-efficacy beliefs in their ability or inability to maintain their students’ interest in the target languages. By means of an online survey administered to foreign language teachers, this mixed methods study investigated their beliefs about their ability to impact their students positively and their general level of efficacy for teaching foreign languages. Findings revealed that the teachers overwhelmingly believed that they had a positive impact. However, their general level of efficacy was mildly high and there was no significant correlation between the teachers’ sense of efficacy and their ability to maintain their students’ interest in the languages. Implications for foreign language teacher preparation and professional development point to the need to develop a strong sense of efficacy as well as strategies for positively impacting students to maintain their interest in the language.
Investigating Social Justice Topics in Reading Texts of English Textbooks Used in China and Germany
Authors: Zhang Xiao
Published: January 2021

English language teaching (ELT) plays a vital role in promoting social equality and societal transformation. Thus, social justice education has been given attention as one of ELT purposes. Textbooks, as the most significant teaching materials of English teachers, pose significant effects on English learners’ awareness of social justice issues that touch upon their daily lives. However, there is little empirical research investigating integrated social justice topics in ELT textbooks. This study addressed the gap through identifying and comparing social justice topics of grade 10 English textbooks used in Chinese and German high school classrooms. Results of this study revealed that German English textbooks encompassed a much more diversity of social justice topics than Chinese English textbooks. Besides, this study offered a significant capacity for English textbooks to stimulate English learners’ social responsibility and awareness of social justice. This study has implications for improving social justice education in the ELT classroom.
Multimodally Enhanced Opportunities for Language Learning: Gestures Used in Word Search Sequences in ESL Tutoring
Authors: Seo Mi-Suk
Published: January 2021

Focusing on word search sequences initiated by ESL learners in conversation tutoring, this study examines how the participants use gestures in order to facilitate language learning as well as mutual understanding. Adopting the methodological framework of Conversation Analysis, it analyzes two particular sequential contexts: (a) when a tutee uses gestures without a candidate solution to her/his word search, directly soliciting the tutor’s co-participation; and (b) when a tutee uses gestures with a candidate solution to her/his word search but there is mismatch between the candidate solution and the accompanying gesture. A fine-grained analysis of the participants’ moment-by-moment verbal and nonverbal actions reveals that gestures create multimodally enhanced opportunities for language learning by allowing the tutor to offer lexical items that are new or unfamiliar to the tutee and/or to provide corrective feedback on the lexical errors. The findings from this study offer implications for the role of gesture in L2 learning and for some of the key concepts in second language acquisition such as output, corrective feedback, and communication strategies.
Causal Factors of Low Achievement in EFL Development: Findings from a Chinese University
Authors: Ma Fei
Published: January 2021

A large number of university students have poor performance in English language learning in mainland China. It is important to learn the cause of this phenomenon in order to give the learners effective intervention. The current study clarifies two terminologies, i.e., underachievement and low achievement. The phenomenon of low achievement is investigated with the tools of interview, questionnaire survey and classroom observation. Among the many possible factors, four factors stand out as the critical causal factors: effort, interest, teachers and prior attainment. Six factors show a moderate association with their performance and exert limited influence. They are peers, attitude, learning strategy, confidence, curriculum and motivation. Some seemingly important factors, such as gender, family background and learning ability, actually have little association at all. The study also finds that a certain percentage of low achievers could be reversed if right scaffolding is given.
A Study of Translation Strategies of Animated Film Titles from the Perspective of Eco-translatology
Authors: Wang Yue , Ji Xiaowen
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the animated film industry is booming and attracting more and more attention. This study, under the guidance of Eco-translatology, revolves around both E-C and C-E animated film title translation, analyzing its translational eco-environment and three-dimensional transformations. Use of main translation strategies of animated film titles, which are transliteration, literal translation, free translation and creative translation, is analyzed. It is found that free translation is the mainstream in both C-E and E-C translation of animated film titles while that creative translation is the least frequently used method.
The Meaning-shift Unit of Chinese Intensifiers: A Corpus-based Study
Authors: Liu Guobing , Zhang Xiaolian
Published: January 2021

Meaning-Shift unit put forward by John Sinclair is the latest theory of meaning in corpus linguistics in the early 21st century. In this paper, it aims to analyze the meaning units of wanquan, in an attempt to shed light on whether Meaning-Shift unit is valid to account for the behavior of such a Chinese intensifier. The result illustrates that Meaning-Shift unit is influenced by the categories of co-selection, in which semantic prosody plays a decisive role, and that wanquan has four types of Meaning-Shift units, each of which has a canonical form and several possible variants.
Documentation of Endangered Dialect of the Igbo Language: Issues of Greetings in Enugwu Ezike Dialect
Authors: Mamah Juliana Ginika , Eze Jacinta Ukamaka , Odeh Bestman Esegbuyiota , Nwosu Ifeanyi John
Published: January 2021

This paper studies the documentation of endangered dialect of the Igbo language: Issues of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect. The objectives of the study are to identify different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike, examine the extent to which other dialects, standard Igbo or English language are preferred in greetings in Enugwu Ezike and also to proffer measures through which the greeting patterns can be revitalised. The data for the study were gathered through introspection and unstructured oral interview. Using descriptive method of data analysis, the study discovers different types of greetings in Enugwu Ezike dialect ranging from daily greetings, greetings to the sick, farewell greetings, seasonal/ periodic greetings, eulogy/praise greetings etc. The study also discovers that many speakers of Enugwu Ezike dialect especially the younger generation prefer the greeting patterns of other dialects and languages. In order to avert this ugly phenomenon, the study suggests measures towards reviving this aspect of the dialect which are through documentation, awareness-raising through programs on radio and television stations, involving the young people via social media and the loyalty of the speakers towards their dialect. The study therefore recommends that researchers from Enugwu Ezike extraction should endeavour to work on other aspects of Enugwu Ezike dialect that is under threat of endangerment or outright extinction.
The Association between Beliefs about Language Learning and Language Proficiency among Jordanian EFL Learners at Ajloun University College
Authors: Momani Muntaha Ali Mohammad Al , Al-oglah Roba Mahmoud Ali
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to examine the association between beliefs about language learning and language proficiency among Jordanian EFL learners at Ajloun University College. The data were gathered by two modified versions of data collection tools;  a questionnaire examining the beliefs about language learning (developed by Horwitz (2001)) and (2) a language proficiency test (developed by Shoeib (2004)). The data collection tools were applied to randomly recruit 100 (Fifty male and Fifty female) participants from the English language department at Ajloun University College. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to process the gathered data and responses. The Pearson Correlation Coefficient was used to examine the association between the participants’ beliefs about language learning and their language proficiency.  The results of the study indicated that there is a strong association between the students’ (males and females) specific beliefs (in both males and females) on learning English Language and the level of their language proficiency. Therefore, the results also revealed that female participants were more proficient in using the language compared to their male counterparts. The study ended up with a conclusion stating that other factors, in addition to the students; beliefs about language learning, such as students’ achievement, are affecting the level of language proficiency.
Informing Academic Writing Pedagogy through the Study of Phrase-frames
Authors: Walcott Kseniya
Published: January 2021

Second Language Development (SLD) research has investigated aspects of complexity, accuracy, and fluency (CAF) to understand how English language learners (ELLs) develop linguistic faculties related to language production, especially in academic writing (Biber & Gray, 2010; Biber, Gray & Ponpoon, 2011; Kyle & Crossley, 2018; Lu & Ai, 2015). Contributing to the current body of SLD research, this study addresses complexity in expert academic argumentative essays by investigating language at the phrasal level through phrase-frames (PFs). Phrase-frames are fixed or semi-fixed syntactic structures with a variable slot that might be considered another measure of syntactic complexity. This study aimed to identify if native and non-native expert writers in the Michigan Corpus of Upper-Level Student Papers (MICUSP) displayed significant differences in their use of these frames concerning their predictability, variability, and function. Results of the study indicated expert academic writers in this corpus use highly variable, highly unpredictable structures which confirm the complexity, elaboration, and explicitness unique to the academic register. Understanding of these register features through the identified PFs was used to develop sample pedagogical materials to promote more complex writing in academic genres.
Underachievement in English Speaking Skills among Kuwaiti EFL Students at the College of Basic Education: Possible Causes and Possible Solutions
Authors: Almutairi Mohammad A.
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible causes and possible solutions of the massive underachievement in speaking skills among Kuwaiti EFL (English as a foreign language) students at the College of Basic Education (CBE). This study involved 331 male and female EFL students who are currently studying different bachelor degree programs at CBE. A questionnaire of 12 statements was used to collect their responses, and then the data was analyzed. After the analysis of the data, the findings indicated that the vast majority of students identified their speaking skills as weak or fair. Their answers revealed there are various factors that hinder in developing their weakness in speaking skills. The most obvious ones were lack of motivation, the lack of speaking skills emphasis in EFL syllabus design, and the absence of technology in ELT (English language teaching), including language laboratories and auditory aids. According to the recommendations of this study, this great challenge could be overcome by four central solutions. First, placing spoken English in the EFL syllabus. Second, including spoken English assessment in the coursework and providing a comfortable environment in class to motivate EFL students to use their target language and encourage them to improve it. Third, the study recommends that EFL teachers join special training courses in the Professional Development Center to learn the basic knowledge of how to use technology in ELT, including language labs. Finally, the researcher ends his recommendations by endorsing the administration of the College of Basic Education to provide modern language labs for the Language Center.
Native Language Interference in English L2 Word Recognition and Word Integration Skills
Authors: Biglari Nazanin , Struys Esli
Published: January 2021

The current study was planned to investigate the interference of the native language in English word recognition and word integration skills in L1 speakers of French and Persian. The participants of the study were 48 intermediate and upper intermediate native Persian and French-speaking EFL learners studying in VUB and ULB universities in Brussels, Belgium. All in all, based on the results of ANCOVA, there was a strong and positive relationship between EFL learners' word recognition and word integration skills and their L1(first language). The RT (reaction time) resulting from the LDT (lexical decision task) showed that the Persian EFL participants were able to outperform French EFL participants, though Persian and English are orthographically and typologically distant languages. On the other hand, in a word integration task, French participants showed superiority over Persian participants in the direct object reading time that emphasized the positive aspect of L1 interference as facilitation.
EFL Writing Students’ Responses towards Teacher Feedback to Enhance Their Writing Quality
Authors: Listyani Listyani
Published: January 2021

This study deals with seventy-six students’ feelings and perceptions on the teacher feedback that they received from their writing classes. Teacher feedback is sometimes seen as something unwanted, sickening, and even frustrating. Some students do not like getting feedback from their teachers as they think that the feedback corners them, pinpointing their weaknesses and errors. This makes them full of stress and have greater anxiety. Those aspects may be the negative sides of feedback that some students perceive. As a matter of fact, if learners are willing to look deeper into the benefits of feedback that teachers give, especially in writing, they will not feel the negative sides of feedback. Instead, they will crave and wait for it. The purpose of this study is to reveal the perceptions of 76 EFL learners’ reactions towards teacher feedback that they received in their writing classes. The results of the study hopefully can inspire writing lecturers to give supportive corrective feedback, so that EFL learners’ writing can be improved.
Effects of Annotation Types Used at Different Point of Time during Reading on Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Liu Xiaoling , Gao Yang
Published: January 2021

The study aims to investigate the effectiveness of two annotation types (text-only and text-picture) as well as the timing in annotation use during reading (pre-reading, while-reading and post-reading) on vocabulary learning of English major freshmen. Based on the analysis of the data collected from posttests and questionnaire, the following findings are obtained: 1) among three points of time in annotation use, the pre-reading annotation use results in the best vocabulary production and recognition, closely followed by the post-reading annotation use and then the while-reading annotation use; 2) when comparing the two annotation types, the text-picture annotations were more effective than the text-only annotations on improving vocabulary production and recognition; 3) there was no interaction between annotation types and points of time in annotation use. The findings indicate that the right use of annotations during reading will substantially promote vocabulary learning. They also shed some light on the research on annotation and vocabulary learning and provide implications on vocabulary instruction and teaching materials design.
Destruction of Patriarchal Society by Nu Shu in Snow Flower and Secret Fan
Authors: Du Xingjie
Published: January 2021

Lisa See’s Snow Flower and Secret Fan is set in Emperor Taoguang period-late Qing Dynasty that is featured by patriarchal society. One of typical features of the patriarchal society is that the male is the center of everything, while the female is in a disadvantaged position, which is clearly shown in the novel. However, Laotong–a kind of woman’s friendship in the novel can be regarded as a sort of female rebellion to the patriarchal society. They communicate with each other in a special way that men have no access to, which in a way wins more space for women in feudal society in which men always are in dominated position in terms of social status in family or society. The paper is going to discuss how this nu shu narrative destructs the patriarchal society and strives for more space for women, breaking the yoke of man’s gaze and power.
Comparative Study of Cultural Value Orientation between China and America
Authors: Yan Jie , Li Yuying
Published: January 2021

In today's world, cultural exchanges have become more and more frequent because of the economic integration and technological globalization, but people from different countries may have different culture values. China and the United States, as representatives of the East and the West, also have great differences in value orientation. Therefore, understanding the differences between each culture has both theoretical and practical significance for their inter-cultural communication. This paper analyzes the differences between Chinese and American cultural values from five aspects: nature, humanity, time, relationship, and human actions. It will have an important guiding role in eliminating cultural barriers and promoting the development of Chinese and American culture in inter-cultural communication.
Identification of the operating parameters of the friction drum drive in industrial conditions
Authors: Kulinowski Piotr , Kasza Piotr , Zarzycki Jacek
Published: January 2021

The publication presents the results of measurements of the operating parameters of the
drum drive of a belt conveyor operating in a copper ore mine. The laboratory and industrial
tests of belt conveyor components so far have largely focused on idler sets, the belt and
the conveyor route. The authors of the publication notice that the subject literature lacks
information on research into the coefficient of friction between the belt and the drum in an
industrial facility under real conditions, which may imply that the phenomenon of driving
force transmission from the drum surface to the belt has not been thoroughly explored. The
investigations described in the publication were aimed at determining the kinetic coefficient
of friction between the conveyor belt and the lining of the drive drum under operating conditions. In the first part of the study, preliminary laboratory tests were carried out, whereas in
the second part of the study, a mobile, non-invasive measurement system was applied, which
allowed for recording the kinematic and dynamic parameters of the conveyor’s operation.
During the several dozen minutes of the conveyor’s operation, there were several start-ups
and brakings as well as periods of steady operation under variable load on the material
handled. The non-typical planned sequence of switching on the drive motors caused a temporary slip of the belt on the drive drum surface during one of the start-ups. The recorded
parameters of the conveyor operation enabled determining the operational limit value of the
friction coefficient between the belt and the lining of the drive drum.
Experimental investigation of tire performance on slush
Authors: Ružinskas Andrius , Giessler Martin , Gauterin Frank , Wiese Klaus , Bogdevičius Marijonas
Published: January 2021

An investigation of tires behaviour on winter roads was always a high importance in the context of road safety. This paper presents the experimental investigation of tire performance
on slush that is identified as two mixtures: a mixture of snow and water, and a mixture of
crushed ice and water. The measurements of longitudinal and lateral performance including
tire traction, braking and cornering were performed. Tire traction tests were performed for
both mixtures with different amount of material. A decreasing in the tire friction was observed when amount of the mixture of snow and water was increased twice. For the mixture
of crushed ice and water, an opposite trend was observed. The standard deviation values for
the peak force coefficient showed a good reproducibility and reliability of performed tire
tests.
A competency-driven staff assignment approach to improving employee scheduling robustness
Authors: Bocewicz Grzegorz , Szwarc Eryk , Wikarek Jaroslaw , Nielsen Peter , Banaszak Zbigniew
Published: January 2021

Presented paper concerns the competency-driven staff assignment and scheduling approach
to the management of project portfolios subject to perturbations caused by employee absences and/or unexpected arrival of high priority jobs. Proactive strategy is considered,
which exploits the concept of employee substitutability to improve the robustness of personnel allocation in the case of occurrence of specific types of disruptions.
Solutions obtained using the model of a constraint satisfaction problem developed in this
study are validated in series quantitative and qualitative experiments. With a view to future
implementation in a Decision Support Systems dedicated to prototyping of proactive personnel allocation, a methodology employing the concept of a competency framework-based
robustness measure is proposed. Implemented in a declarative framework, the proposed
approach allows one to find a redundant competency framework robust to a given set of
disruptions.
Prognostics uncertainty reduction by right-time prediction of remaining useful life based on hidden Markov model and proportional hazard model
Authors: Zhiyong Gao , Jiwu Li , Rongxi Wang
Published: January 2021

Uncertainty is a key problem in remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, and measures to reduce uncertainty are necessary to make RUL prediction truly practical. In this paper, a right-time prediction method is proposed to reduce the prognostics uncertainty of mechanical systems under unobservable degradation. Correspondingly, the whole RUL prediction process is divided into three parts, including offline modelling, online state estimating and online life predicting. In the offline modelling part, hidden Markov model (HMM) and proportional hazard model (PHM) are built to map the whole degradation path. During operation, the degradation state of the object is estimated in real time. Once the last degradation state reached, the degradation characteristics are extracted, and the survival function is obtained with the fitted PHM. The proposed method is demonstrated on an engine dataset and shows higher accuracy than traditional method. By fusing the extracted degradation characteristics, the obtained survival function can be basis for optimal maintenance with lower uncertainty.
Prediction of remaining useful life for lithium-ion battery with multiple health indicators
Authors: Su Chun , Chen Hongjing , Wen Zejun
Published: January 2021

Lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery has become a primary energy form for a variety of engineering equipments. To ensure the equipments’ reliability, it is crucial to accurately predict Liion battery’s remaining capacity as well as its remaining useful life (RUL). In this study,
we propose a novel method for Li-ion battery’s online RUL prediction, which is based on
multiple health indicators (HIs) and can be derived from the battery’s historical operation
data. Firstly, four types of indirect HIs are built according to the battery’s operation current,
voltage and temperature data respectively. On this basis, a generalized regression neural
network (GRNN) is presented to estimate the battery’s remaining capacity, and the nonlinear autoregressive approach (NAR) is applied to predict the battery’s RUL based on the
estimated capacity value. Furthermore, to reduce the interference, twice wavelet denoising
are performed with different thresholds. A case study is conducted with a NASA battery
dataset to demonstrate the effectiveness of the method. The result shows that the proposed
method can obtain Li-ion batteries’ RUL effectively.
Degrading systems availability analysis: analytical semi-Markov approach
Authors: Kumar Varun , Kumar Girish , Singh Rajesh , Soni Umang
Published: January 2021

This paper deals with modeling and analysis of complex mechanical systems that deteriorate
with age. As systems age, the questions on their availability and reliability start to surface.
The system is believed to suffer from internal stochastic degradation mechanism that is
described as a gradual and continuous process of performance deterioration. Therefore, it
becomes difficult for maintenance engineer to model such system. Semi-Markov approach is
proposed to analyze the degradation of complex mechanical systems. It involves constructing states corresponding to the system functionality status and constructing kernel matrix
between the states. The construction of the transition matrix takes the failure rate and repair
rate into account. Once the steady-state probability of the embedded Markov chain is computed, one can compute the steady-state solution and finally, the system availability. System
models based on perfect repair without opportunistic and with opportunistic maintenance
have been developed and the benefits of opportunistic maintenance are quantified in terms
of increased system availability. The proposed methodology is demonstrated for a two-stage
reciprocating air compressor with intercooler in between, system in series configuration.
A numerical simulation method for a repairable dynamic fault tree
Authors: Xu Zhixin , Guo Dingqing , Wang Jinkai , Li Xueli , Ge Daochuan
Published: January 2021

Dynamic fault trees are important tools for modeling systems with sequence failure behaviors. The Markov chain state space method is the only analytical approach for a repairable
dynamic fault tree (DFT). However, this method suffers from state space explosion, and
is not suitable for analyzing a large scale repairable DFT. Furthermore, the Markov chain
state space method requires the components’ time-to-failure to follow exponential distributions, which limits its application. In this study, motivated to efficiently analyze a repairable
DFT, a Monte Carlo simulation method based on the coupling of minimal cut sequence
set (MCSS) and its sequential failure region (SFR) is proposed. To validate the proposed
method, a numerical case was studied. The results demonstrated that our proposed approach
was more efficient than other methods and applicable for repairable DFTs with arbitrary
time-to-failure distributed components. In contrast to the Markov chain state space method,
the proposed method is straightforward, simple and efficient.
Radial internal clearance analysis in ball bearings
Authors: Ambrożkiewicz Bartłomiej , Syta Arkadiusz , Meier Nicolas , Litak Grzegorz , Georgiadis Anthimos
Published: January 2021

Radial internal clearance (RIC) is one of the most important parameters influencing on rolling bearing exploitation in mechanical systems. Lifetime of rotary machines strongly depends on a condition of applied rolling elements, thus a study on applied clearance is very important in terms of maintenance and reliability. This paper proposes, a novel approach of studying RIC, based on a nonlinear dynamics method called recurrences. The results are confronted with standard analyses, i.e. statistical condition indicators, Fast Fourier Transform and Continuous Wavelet Transform. The application of the mentioned methods allowed us to find the optimal radial clearance for operating bearings. To ensure precise measurements of the clearance, an automated setup for RIC measurements is applied and next mounted in a plummer block and tested to finally measure vibration acceleration. The proposed methods are useful for a condition monitoring and lifetime prediction of bearings or bearing-based systems in which a proper value of radial clearance is crucial.
Experimental verification of the deep hole boring bar model
Authors: Kępczak Norbert , Bechciński Grzegorz , Rosik Radosław
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of the experimental verification of the deep hole boring bar
tool model. The aim of the work was to obtain a verified boring bar tool model, which in
further scientific research will be a starting point for creating a prototype of a tool with a new
design, in which dynamic properties will be improved. The research was divided into two
stages. In the first stage, modal studies of the model and the real object were carried out. The
obtained discrepancy between numerical and experimental results below 8% allows to state
that the model is characterized by dynamic properties occurring in the real boring bar. In the
second stage of the research, static tests were carried out. The object was loaded with forces
of 98.6 N, 195.0 N, 293.8 N. The obtained slight discrepancy in the results of numerical and
experimental tests below 3% allows to state that the model reflects the static properties of
the real boring bar. The high convergence of the theoretical and experimental results allows
for the conclusion that the numerical model has been verified positively.
Fast Fourier Transform detection and reduction of high-frequency errors from the results of surface topography profile measurements of honed textures
Authors: Podulka Przemysław
Published: January 2021

In this paper, various type of noise detection procedures with surface topography profile analysis were proposed, compared (studied) and suggested. The honed cylinder liner surface textures with additionally burnished oil pockets were measured with a stylus or optical approaches. Measurement errors, defined as high-frequency measurement noise, were taken into sufficient consideration. It was proposed to select the noise detection methods more with profile (2D) than areal (3D) assessments; some-frequency noise was much easier to observe in profile than surface analysis. Moreover, applications of various type of regular filtration methods, mostly based on Gaussian functions, were compared with Fast Fourier Transform filtration for detection or reduction of some (high) frequency-defined measurement errors.
Media multitasking: from cognitive functions to digital
Authors: Soldatova G.U. , Nikonova E.Y. , Koshevaya A.G. , Trifonova A.V.
Published: January 2021

The article presents the phenomenon of multitasking, representing simultaneous execution of two or more mental operations. Its particular type, media multitasking (MMT), is also considered as a relatively new format for combining various information flows that meets the requirements of the digital environment. The historical perspective of studying multitasking is presented: from individual experiments on the selectivity of attention to the phenomenon of digital everyday life. Modern empirical studies of MMT correlates among the main cognitive functions, including those of “light” and “heavy” multitaskers: attention, memory, thinking, and cognitive control, as well as productivity, academic performance, and metacognition are analyzed. The positive and negative effects of the MMT format are described. The resulting data set suggests that using the MMT format, which for most children and adolescents is gradually becoming a universal strategy of activity, the child adapts to an information-rich environment as a multiple and mixed reality. The importance of developing mechanisms for the formation of managed and controlled MMT for the education system is emphasized.
The development of adolescent behavioral autonomy and parental control on the example of independent city movements
Authors: Polivanova K.N. , Bochaver A.A. , Pavlenko K.V.
Published: January 2021

The article is centered on the disclosure of links between the formation of child behavioral autonomy (self-reliance), manifested in independent movements around the city, and parental practices, primarily – the practice of controlling and supporting the autonomy of the child. It has been found that a number of environmental factors influence the way parents perceive the environment and, as a result, how early and freely they allow children to move around the territory without adult supervision. Also, the socio-economic status of the family, the number of children, their gender, age and the subjective assessment of their maturity by parents have an impact on the accessibility of independent movements for children. Empirical evidence confirms that different forms of control – behavioral, providing the activity framework, and manipulative (psychological) aimed at tracking a child's thoughts and experiences – have different effects on a child's development. The perspective of empirical studies of independent movement of children is discussed.
Problems of the relationship between school involvement and academic achievements in modern teenagers
Authors: Bondarenko I.N. , Ishmuratova Y.A. , Tsyganov I.Y.
Published: January 2021

The article focuses on the current problem of school involvement as a predictor of high academic performance. It is based on the data of international studies, which underlie the presented analysis of the factors that support and weaken this involvement. The special thing about the study is the analysis of the age specificity of engagement, which is still in the process of its evolvement, and also attention to the difficulties of Generation Z adolescents, who are especially vulnerable in the situation of the coronavirus epidemic due to high personal anxiety. Two leading approaches to school involvement are reviewed: The North American model by Fredricks et al. (2004) and the European Approach by Schaufeli et al. (2002). Insufficient knowledge of the cognitive aspect of involvement was revealed in terms of the development of conscious self-regulation and resilience, which are resources for overcoming difficulties in learning and overcoming stressful situations. A theoretical model is proposed concerning the relationship between school involvement and academic performance with factors that support and hinder involvement. The model will allow us to study the specifics of the causal relationships between the constructs under study, analyze the age aspect of the formation of involvement, and offer predictive models of the efficiency of school involvement in predicting academic achievement.
To the doctrine of the cross-linking of nerves. Sympathetic and cranial systems. Experimental study with a table of curves and figures
Authors: Levin I. A.
Published: January 2021

Before moving on to our experiments, set up in order to study the composition of the fibers of the cervical sympathetic nerve, we will give a short literary sketch of this issue, confining ourselves to the works of the last years, and mainly to Langle and A. S. Dogel, who are interested in finding the literature of this issue.
To casuistic progressive paralysis (several cases with acute and prolonged course)
Authors: Dedov G. A.
Published: January 2021

Getting started with this work, I think it is not superfluous to preface a few remarks about which cases I have attributed to the category of acute and which to the category of prolonged, protracted.
Therapeutic significance of hemorrhages in suffering from the nervous system
Authors: Sobolevsky A. V.
Published: January 2021

Hemorrhage, as it is known, belongs to the most ancient methods of treating various diseases, but at present it is very rarely used by doctors. However, among the common people, apparently, the activity of ore-throwers is still flourishing.
Care and Treatment of Epileptics in England. - Fletches Beach, Médecin au "West End Hospital, London". Archines de neurologie, 1903 octobre
Authors: Tsaregradskiy A.
Published: January 2021

At the beginning of the article, the author gives a short historical outline of epilepsy, various scholarships about it, both in England and on the continent.
The ethiology of idiocy is compared with that of children with cerebral palsy. - Dr. W. Koenig. (Allg. Zeitschr. Für psych. 1904. C. 61)
Authors: Aykhenvald L.
Published: January 2021

The author, based on the collected and statistically developed material, comes to the conclusion in the existence of three undoubted ethiological moments for the occurrence of cerebral paralysis and idiocy.
Report on the activities of the Society of Neuropathologists and Psychiatrists at the Imperial Kazan University for 1903
Authors: Obraztsov V. N.
Published: January 2021

It has been my lot to present to your attention the annual report on the activities of the Society.
About changes in temperature in case of progressive paralysis of the obsessed
Authors: Sorokovikov G. V.
Published: January 2021

Observations of temperature in patients with progressive paralysis began by me from the beginning of 1901. In the course of almost three years, only about 40 cases have been investigated, but for more or less a long time, continuously, systematically, daily in the morning and in the evening, it was possible to conduct research in 25 cases. Out of them, for the following presentation, I choose only those cases, in the number 24, which belong to the purest forms of progressive paralysis, so to speak with the classic course, avoiding various mixed forms. Diagnosis in each individual case was established after more or less prolonged observation in the hospital, under the direct guidance of the deeply respected Professor N.M. Popov.
On the question of the innervation of pupil movements
Authors: Chirkovsky V. V.
Published: January 2021

Any researcher on the question of the innervation of the movements of the iris is involuntarily amazed, on the one hand, by the amazing abundance of works on this branch of physiology and, at the same time, solid works, produced by outstanding scientists, and on the other, not less than the amazing diversity of the prevailing views, even prevailing in the foundations of the study of pupillary movements. The last ten years of the past century have been the period of especially lively debates in literature on the most significant issues of this department and, it seems, will not be exaggerated, if we say that not one side of the question about the innervations of the movements of the pupil has not been left again. But from the review of these numerous works, it is difficult to come to no less than a definite, immutable conclusion on any issue.
On the casuistry of progressive paralysis (several cases with acute and prolonged course)
Authors: Dedov G. A.
Published: January 2021

28 / VII. The patient died at 6.30 am. Opening 28 / VII. Great emaciation; stiffness is poorly expressed; on the sacrum and on the right trochanter bedsores. The bones of the cranial vault are thickened, diple is almost absent. Dura mater is spliced ​​in some places with the inner surface of the vault and with the pia mater. The last one is thickened, cloudy (milky stripes), it is removed from the surface of the brain with great difficulty. Brain weight 1397.0; its substance is edematous; the cortical substance is anemic, atrophied; the lateral ventricles are dilated with a large amount of serous fluid. In the internal organs, except for the expansion of the lower lobes of both lungs, no pathological changes were noted.
On the question of coordination of movements. Influence of some movements on simultaneous with them other movements
Authors: Osipov V. P.
Published: January 2021

All active movements of our members in individual joints, with a few exceptions, are carried out easily and freely in the limits determined by the architecture of a particular joint and the function of those in charge of certain movements of the neuromuscular apparatus. Ease and freedom of movement in the known articulation is achieved and improved by exercise in this movement; lightness and freedom of movement becomes perfect from the moment the well-known movement becomes familiar; then the movement becomes automatic, requiring no or almost no consciousness for its manifestation.
Prof. A. Pick. A note about the pathology of acroparesis. Revue Neurologique 1903, p. 12.
Authors: Yanishevskiy A. E.
Published: January 2021

The author, being an adherent of spinal localization of painful process in acroparesis, gives a case of pronounced acroparesis with a strictly limited area of distribution of sensitive disorders.
F. Raymond et J. Sicard. Compression of the spinal cord in a spinal fracture. Spasmodic paraplegia. Laminectomy. Convalescence. Revue Neurolog. 1903, p. 193
Authors: Yanishevskiy A. E.
Published: January 2021

The authors cite a case of a fracture of the spinous process of the twelfth dorsal vertebra, in which spasmodic paralysis was observed for more than 7 months with the nature of Brown-Squard paralysis, accompanied by clonic phenomena, Babinsk's symptoms of urinary bladder and collapse.
J. Dejerine et M. Eqqev. Objective sensitivity disorders in acroparesis and their radicular distribution. Revue Neurol. 1904, p. 54
Authors: Yanishevskiy A. E.
Published: January 2021

The authors, fully adhering to Risk's view of acroparesis as affecting the known segments of the spinal cord, cite cases where it was possible, with an objective examination, to ascertain certain areas with a decrease in sensitivity.
Prof. W. Bechterew. Heilgymnastische Behandlung im Bade. (Centralblatt für Nervenheilkunde und Psychiatrie. 15 März 1904). Treatment with medical gymnastics in baths. (Review of psychiatry, neurology and experimental psychology. September 1903)
Authors: Boldyrev V.
Published: January 2021

Academician Bekhterev notes that there, where, with paralysis, the use of active gymnastics is impossible due to the weakening of volitional impulses that cannot bring the affected members into motion, it turns out to be possible to use it in the water, and the organs, without them being active before and having limited mobility, they reveal it to a greater extent.
Chronicle and mix
Authors: Obraztsov V. N.
Published: January 2021

Senior physician of the Odessa psychiatric hospital, doctor of medicine B.I. Vorotynskiy was elected as a medical faculty in Odessa as a privat-docent in the department of nervous and mental illnesses.