bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of periradicular inflamation and infection on a primary tooth and permanent successor
Authors: Mariela Rodriguez Cordeiro Mabel , Jose de Carvalho Rocha Maria
Published: April 2015

Primary teeth and the permanent successors must be understood as interdependent units, where each one of them interacts with and depends on each other. Pulpal inflammation/infection of a primary tooth and the spread of this condition over the periradicular tissues can lead to alterations in the dental germ of the permanent successor and to the surrounding structures if no therapy is done, i.e. endodontics or extraction. This work will present cases of permanent teeth that showed alteration in eruption and / or in development, as a consequence of inflammation / infection of the preceding primary teeth, such as: hypoplasia, morphological alteration on the dental crown or total arrest of radicular formation. The teeth analysed in this study belong to patients who attended the Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Children's Dentistry Clinic. The earlier these lesions are diagnosed, the less were the destructive effects and the consequences on the primary tooth / permanent germ unit.
Birth delivery trauma and malocclusion
Authors: Cattaneo Ruggero , Monaco Annalisa , Streni Oriana , Serafino Vittorio , Giannoni Mario
Published: April 2015

The aim of the investigation was to determine the dynamic of birth delivery and relate to dental occlusion among a group of adult subjects. The group studied was made up of 106 subjects (57 females and 49 males) referred for dental diagnosis and treatment. The average age was 26 with a range 22 to 30 years. In data collection and analysis the following were used as measures: dental occlusion (Angle Class I, II div 1, II div 2 and III) and type of delivery (normal, short, long, caesarean and other). Results showed that among 106 subjects 72 (68%) had malocclusion versus 34 (32%) with normal occlusion; 24 subjects (22.6%) have been normal delivery versus 82 (77.4%) with non-normal delivery. Class I is present in 34 subjects (32%), class II division 1 in 26 (24%), class II division 2 in 22 (20%), class III in 16 (14%), and 8 subjects (6%) fall in the section "other". Among 24 subjects with normal delivery 100% presented class I occlusion. However, among 82 subjects with non-normal delivery 10 subjects had a class I (12.2%) and the 72 (87.8%) had in the other classes, are distributed in the various subgroups of non-normal labor/delivery. None of the subjects with a malocclusion have a normal labor/delivery. Better understanding of the connections among osteopathic theory, craniosacral treatment and the outcomes upon dental occlusion, more rigorous evaluations are warranted.
Clinical comparison of pain perception rates between computerized local anesthesia and conventional syringe in pediatric patients
Authors: Luz San Martin-Lopez Alma , David Garrigos-Esparza Luis , Torre-Delgadillo Gabriela , Gordillo-Moscoso Antonio , Francisco Hernandez-Sierra Juan , de Jesus Pozos-Guillen Amaury
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate pain perception rates in pediatric patients by comparing computerized injection device and traditional injection procedure. In a clinical trial, by using a crossover design, sixty-four patients were randomly assigned to receive, in consecutive sessions, dental anesthetic techniques with either traditional or computerized device. Visual Analogue Scale qualification and heart rate monitoring as physiologic indicator of pain response were used for the evaluation. Results showed that traditional syringe injections were more painful than computerized injection device (p<0.001). Results suggested that computerized injection device reduces pain perception compared to the traditional syringe during the dental anesthetic management.
Gingival fibrous hamartoma associated with natal teeth
Authors: Butini Oliveira Luciana , Keiko Tamay Tereza , Turolla Wanderley Marcia , Regina Martins Delgado Rodrigues Célia , Augusto Galvão Barboza Carlos , Orsini Machado de Souza Suzana
Published: April 2015

A variety of gingival enlargements can occur in children, but they are rarely observed in the infant.The aim of this study is to present a case of a ten-month old male patient, with an anterior mandibular hamartoma associated to natal teeth, and to describe the clinical and histological characteristics of this anomaly and the treatment performed.
Endodontic management of an impacted premolar
Authors: Karapanou Virginia
Published: April 2015

This report demonstrates a simple endodontic solution to an interdisciplinary case of a patient with multiple gene deficiencies. An adolescent patient presented with an impacted premolar that could not be extracted due to high-risk conditions. A suspicious degree of radiolucency around the crown was clinically diagnosed as dentigerous cyst. The treatment dilemma and implementation are discussed. This case report offers a different treatment option for impacted teeth when significant differential diagnosis of a pericoronal lesion dictates treatment.
Bond strength and interfacial morphology of two adhesive systems to deciduous dentin: in vitro study
Authors: Casagrande Luciano , De Hipólito Vinícius , De Góes Mário Fernando , de Araujo Fernando Borba
Published: April 2015

This study evaluated the bond strength and the interfacial morphology of composite restorations (SMP: Scotchbond Multi-Purpose - 3M; CSE: Clearfil SE Bond - Kuraray) in primary dentin. There is no statistical difference between groups. Fracture modes revealed a weak zone in the demineralized dentin (SMP) and in the hybrid layer (CSE). The interfacial morphology was similar in both groups. The demineralized zone in bond structures has a negative influence in adhesive restorations over the time.
Correlation between signs of temporomandibular (TMD) and cervical spine (CSD) disorders in asthmatic children
Authors: Chaves Thaís Cristina , Grossi Débora Bevilaqua , de Oliveira Anamaria Siriani , Bertolli Fabiana , Holtz Amanda , Costa Dirceu
Published: April 2015

Neck accessory respiratory muscles and mouth breathing suggest a direct relationship among asthma, Temporomandibular (TMD) and Cervical Spine (CSD) Disorders. This study was performed to evaluate and correlate TMD, CSD in asthmatic and non-asthmatic. Thirty asthmatic children (7.1 ± 2.6 years old), 30 non-asthmatic predominantly mouth breathing children (Mouth Breathing Group - MBG) (8.80 ± 1.61 years) and 30 non-asthmatic predominantly nasal breathing children (Nasal breathing Group – NBG) (9.00 ± 1.64 years) participated in this study and they were submitted to clinical index to evaluate stomatognathic and cervical systems. Spearman correlation test and Chi-square were used. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Significant frequency of palpatory tenderness of temporomandibular joint (TMJ), TMJ sounds, pain during cervical extension and rotation, palpatory tenderness of sternocleidomastoids and paravertabrae muscles and a severe reduction in cervical range of motion were observed in AG. Both AG and MBG groups demonstrated palpatory tenderness of posterior TMJ, medial and lateral pterygoid, and trapezius muscles when compared to NBG. Results showed a positive correlation between the severity of TMD and CSD signs in asthmatic children (r = 0.48). No child was considered normal to CSD and cervical mobility. The possible shortening of neck accessory muscles of respiration and mouth breathing could explain the relationship observed between TMD, CSD signs in asthmatic children and emphasize the importance of the assessment of temporomandibular and cervical spine regions in asthmatic children.
Success of mineral trioxide aggregate in pulpotomized primary molars
Authors: Farsi Najat , Alamoudi Najlaa , Balto Khalid , Mushayt Abdullah
Published: April 2015

The aim of the present study was to compare, clinically and radiographically, the mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) to formocresol (FC) when used as medicaments in pulpotomized vital human primary molars. Methods: The sample consisted of 120 primary molars, all teeth were treated with the same conventional pulpotomy technique. Sixty molars received FC and 60 received MTA throughout a random selection technique. Results: At the end of 24-month evaluation period, 74 molars (36 FC, 38 MTA) were available for clinical and radiographic evaluation. None of the MTA treated teeth showed any clinical or radiographic pathology, while the FC group showed a success rate of 86.8% radiographically and 98.6% clinically. The difference between the two groups in the radiographic outcomes was statistically significant. It was concluded that MTA treated molars demonstrated significantly greater success.MTA seems to be a suitable replacement for formocresol in pulpotomized primary teeth.
The use of overdentures in children with cleft lip and palate: a report of two cases
Authors: Tejani Zahra , Kok Ei Chuen , Mason Carol , Griffiths Brigitte
Published: April 2015

The treatment of children with cleft lip and palate is complex. Advances in primary surgery and the advent of alveolar bone grafting have resulted in the reduction of prosthetic intervention. However, in patients where surgery is contraindicated or has been unsuccessful, an alternative treatment is required. Overdentures are a simple, conservative and reversible non-surgical alternative for children with cleft lip and palate.We present two cases with severe complete bilateral cleft lip and palate that were managed in this way.
Plaque and salivary pH changes after consumption of fresh fruit juices
Authors: Kiran Banan Lata , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

The concept of health has prevailed for centuries and the dietary habits are apparently changing with modernization. "Healthy eating" is now perceived to be important. The desirability of a healthful lifestyle has led to an increased consumption of juices. Drinking large amount of fruit juice is frequently practiced these days and the consumption of these juices is further modified with behavioral habits such as swishing and frothing the drinks around the mouth, sucking frozen fruit juices, use of feeder cups at bed time etc. Hence this study was conducted to find the acidogenic potential of the commonly consumed fresh fruit juices (Grapes, orange, and pineapple) and the juices stored at various temperatures (room temperature, refrigerator and freezer) on the plaque and saliva at various intervals. It was observed that grape juice was more acidogenic compared to orange and pineapple juice. Frozen fruit juices caused a greater drop in plaque and salivary pH followed by the refrigerated juice.
Papain Gel: A New Chemo-Mechanical Caries Removal Agent
Authors: Bussadori Sandra Kalil , Castro Laura Camacho , Galvão Ana Claudia
Published: April 2015

The chemo-mechanical caries removal method has been a solution for treatment of patients seeking alternatives to conventional methods. Among different kinds of chemo-mechanical caries removal systems, Papacarie® – a papain gel – was found to be easy to manipulate, simple and cheap, as well as effective in removing infected tissues.
Management of a root fracture in an immature permanent tooth
Authors: Maki Kenshi , Nishioka Takahiro , Seo Reishi , Kimura Mitsusaka
Published: April 2015

A 9-year-old girl with trauma to the maxillary right permanent central incisor is reported. Clinically the tooth appeared extruded with one third of the root visible. The radiographic examination revealed a root fracture. The extruded tooth was repositioned and splinted with a heavy wire and adhesive resin, after which a resorbable collagen tissue was placed to cover the buccal region. Subsequent to the injury, swelling was observed and the patient complained of pressure pain in the periapical region of the tooth with no response to electric pulp testing. It was treated successfully with periodontal therapy and endodontic therapy with Vitapex®
A retrospective evaluation of the eruption of impacted permanent incisors after extraction of supernumerary teeth
Authors: Leyland Leila , Batra Puneet , Wong F , Llewelyn R
Published: April 2015

Aims. Delayed eruption of teeth may be caused by the presence of one or more supernumerary teeth. The purpose of this study was to evaluate findings, predisposing factors and differentiate different techniques used that affect the outcome following removal of supernumerary teeth. A comprehensive literature review was also undertaken.

Methods.A longitudinal retrospective study was carried out at the Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital. A total of 120 patients were identified from the general anesthesia records that had supernumeraries extracted. Only 43 cases had delayed eruption of teeth caused by supernumeraries. The pre and post extraction record data collected were the gender, radiographic assessment, position of the supernumerary, age at time of referral and extraction of the supernumerary, age at time of eruption of the impacted tooth and the orthodontic and surgical management.

Results. The mean age of referral was 9.1 years with a male to female ratio of 4.4:1. There was a greater predilection for supernumeraries to be on the left side and be positioned palatally.Tuberculate type supernumeraries were the most frequent followed by the conical type. Spontaneous eruption of the impacted tooth occurred in 49% of cases. Eruption of the impacted tooth within eighteen months following removal of the supernumerary was observed in 91% of cases. The chronological age and space availability were the two factors that were critical in determining if eruption was spontaneous following removal of the supernumerary.

Conclusions. The findings of this study reiterates the fact that given early referral, sufficient space and time, the majority of teeth prevented from erupting by a supernumerary tooth would erupt spontaneously following removal of the supernumerary alone. Randomized multi-centre prospective studies are suggested.
Evaluation of fluoride release from teeth after topical application of NaF, SnF2 and APF and antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci
Authors: Shashikiran N. , Subba Reddy V. , Patil Raju
Published: April 2015

The objectives of this study were to evaluate and compare the amount and pattern of fluoride release from teeth after topical application of 2% NaF, 8% SnF2 and 1.23% APF at different time intervals. The growth inhibitory effects of this released fluoride ion was assessed on mutans streptococci (MS) and correlated with the fluoride release. Forty premolars divided into four groups were subjected to different topical fluoride treatments. All the teeth were immersed individually in deionized water and were transferred to containers at 1 hour, 1 day and 1 week time intervals. 240 samples in total were used for fluoride estimation by ion selective electrode method and the samples from the other subgroup were used for evaluation of antimicrobial activity on mutans streptococci (MS) by bacterial inhibition assay method. The results showed that the highest fluoride release (7.83±0.55ppm) was seen in SnF2 treated specimens, as compared to that of NaF (3.71±0.60ppm ) and APF (3.30±0.51ppm), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.01).This was observed immediately after 1 hour, followed by a drastic reduction thereafter. No zones of inhibition were observed at the released fluoride concentrations at different time intervals in the different groups. In conclusion: 8% SnF2 is expected to have greater anticaries property from the high fluoride releasing property for prolonged period of time.
Scanning electron microscopy evaluation of the effect of etching agents on human enamel surface
Authors: Zanet Caio , Arana-Chavez Victor , Fava Marcelo
Published: April 2015

Acid etching promotes microporosities on enamel surface, which provide a better bonding surface to adhesive materials. The purpose of this study was to comparatively analyze the microstructure of enamel surface after etching with 37% phosphoric acid or with two self-etching primers, Non-rinse conditioner (NRC) and Clearfil SE Bond (CSEB) using scanning electron microscopy. Thirty sound premolars were divided into 3 groups with ten teeth each: Group 1: the buccal surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds; Group 2: the buccal surface was etched with NRC for 20 seconds; Group 3: the buccal surface was etched with CSEB for 20 seconds. Teeth from Group 1 were rinsed with water; teeth from all groups were air-dried for 15 seconds. After that, all specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopy and analyzed in a Jeol 6100 SEM. The results showed deeper etching when the enamel surface was etched with 37% phosphoric acid, followed by NRC and CSEB. It is concluded that 37% phosphoric acid is still the best agent for a most effective enamel etching.
The influence of pvc seal wrap and probe tips autoclaving on the in vitro performance of laser fluorescence device in occlusal caries in primary teeth
Authors: e Rocha Cabral Renata Maciel , Mendes Fausto Medeiros , Nicolau José , Maria Zezell Denise
Published: April 2015

The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of a PVC Seal Wrap as barrier protection and the influence of autoclaving on the in vitro performance of a laser fluorescence device in detecting occlusal caries lesions in primary teeth. The clinical significance of the experiment is to create a protocol to avoid the possibility of underestimating caries in clinical setting.
Talon cusp in the primary dentition: literature review and report of three rare cases
Authors: Lee Dr Chun-kei , King Prof. Nigel , Lo Prof. Edward , Cho Dr Shiu-yin
Published: April 2015

This paper reviews the nomenclature, prevalence, definition, etiology, association with other dental anomalies, diagnosis and treatment planning of talon cusp in the primary anterior teeth. Most of the reported cases have involved the primary maxillary central incisors. However, talon cusps on the primary maxillary lateral incisors are associated with high percentages of anomalies in the permanent successors. This paper reported three such rare cases and dentists should be aware of such additional anomalies.
Comparison between two visible biofilm indices in the primary dentition
Authors: Pires dos Santos Ana Paula , Soviero Vera Mendes
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to compare two visible biofilm indices in the primary dentition. The sample consisted of 90 children of both sexes, aged up to 4 years old, outpatients of the University Hospital of the Rio de Janeiro State University. A single examiner, aided by an assistant, performed the children's dental examination for biofilm assessment. A simplified visible biofilm index (BF1), which classifies biofilm as absent, thin or thick, in anterior and/or posterior teeth, and provides a score for the patient and not for each tooth, was compared to a conventional visible biofilm index, the visible plaque index, (BF2), which classifies biofilm as absent or present and provides scores for three surfaces of each tooth. A statistically significant association and a strong positive correlation between BF1 and BF2 was found (Kruskal-Wallis p<0.001 / rs = 0.81 p<0.001). The time required to BF1 evaluation was approximately one third of the time required to BF2 evaluation (t test p<0.001). These results suggest that the use of a simplified visible biofilm index is feasible in the primary dentition as it showed similar findings when compared to a conventional one, besides being more practical and quicker.
Correlates of Pediatric Behavior and Distress during Intramuscular Injections for Invasive Dental Procedures
Authors: Cohen Lindsey , Fancher Amber , MacLaren Jill , Lim Crystal
Published: April 2015

Relations between general behavior, temperament, and procedure-related behavior and distress were examined in children receiving intramuscular injections before undergoing restorative dental procedures. Younger children are likely to benefit the most from interventions prior to and during dental procedures. Children's anxiety before dental procedures could help identify those at risk of displaying problematic behaviors. General behavior and temperament seem useful at identifying children who may experience greater levels of pain.
Free-end Space Maintainers: Design, Utilization and Advantages
Authors: Barbería Elena , Lucavechi Tania , Cárdenas Dora , Maroto Myriam
Published: April 2015

Primary molars are a determining factor in the development of occlusion. Given their importance, when restorative treatment is not feasible and a primary molar must be extracted, the practitioner should keep in mind the risk of losing space, and the consequent malocclusion. Preservation of the space can eliminate or reduce the need for prolonged orthodontic treatment. For that reason, there are various kinds of space maintainers and the pediatric dentist must decide which one to utilize, on the basis of general and local factors related to the child. In the selection of a treatment option for space maintenance, the greatest complications occur when the first permanent molar has not yet erupted. A large variety of appliances have been devised to deal with this situation. This article proposes the use of a removable space maintainer that is open on one end and can be employed to guide the first permanent molar, maintaining the integrity of the mucous membrane and serving as a prosthetic appliance, preventing the complications and contraindications often caused by sub-gingival maintainers.
Effects of Video Information on Parental Preoperative Anxiety Level and Their Perception of Conscious Sedation vs. General Anesthesia for the Dental Treatment of Their Young Child
Authors: Kupietzky Ari
Published: April 2015

Aim. To investigate the impact of video information on parental preoperative anxiety and perception and their preference of conscious sedation versus general anesthesia for the dental treatment of young patients.

Method/materials. Parents were given a verbal explanation regarding the two treatment options and were then asked to fill out a prescreening questionnaire. Their preference for mode of treatment was obtained and their preoperative anxiety level was measured on a visual analog scale (VAS). A video film depicting two children under going dental treatment with conscious sedation (CS) and a third child undergoing general anesthesia (GA) for dental treatment was shown to the parent. Following the viewing of the video film a post-screening questionnaire was given. Parents' post screening anxiety was measured and they were asked if their perception and preference of the two modes of treatment remained the same or changed.

Results. 40 parents were included and completed the trial. The prescreening anxiety level of parents was 2.79 (± 1.05, SD) and was not significantly different than the post screening anxiety level of 2.91 (± .99 SD, paired t- test p=0.432). The majority of parents preferred CS to GA for the treatment of their child prior to screening of the video. Among the few who chose GA (n=5) all but one changed their choice after viewing the video to CS. However, this difference was not found to be statistically significant due to the small number of subjects in this group (McNemar test, p = 0.125). Most parents voiced the opinion that the video film contributed to their knowledge and also considered GA as having more risks than CS. An interesting finding was that a statistically significant difference was found regarding parent's perception of the two procedures and what they actually saw in the video. The majority of parents stated that their initial perception of GA was not similar to their viewing experience, conversely, CS matched their expectations.

Conclusion. Parents' anxiety regarding their child's dental treatment under GA or CS is not affected by the viewing of a video film depicting either method. Parent's perception of GA is different than the actual procedure and may affect their choice of treatment.
The Influence of Cleansers on the Permeability Index of Primary Tooth Root Dentin
Authors: Pascon Fernanda Miori , Puppin-Rontani Regina Maria
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the action of cleansers on the permeability index (PI) in the root canal of primary dentin, by dye penetration into the length of the root canal and deep dentin. The data were submitted to ANOVA, F, and Student t tests (p<0.05). Lengthwise, chlorhexidine 1% and 2% presented significantly higher mean values than Dakin's liquid. Considering depth, in the cervical third, chlorhexidine 1% and 2% mean values were higher than Dakin's liquid+ urea peroxide and Dakin's liquid mean values; distilled water mean values were higher than Dakin's liquid. In the middle and apical thirds, chlorhexidine 1% and 2% mean values were significantly the highest.
The Relationship Between Oral and Demographic Characteristics of Children with Asthma
Authors: Bimstein Enrique , Wilson John , Guelmann Marcio , Primosch Robert
Published: April 2015

The information from 291 children's dental charts was analyzed; 127 children had no mental or systemic diseases, 50 had asthma and 114 had other diseases. Children with systemic diseases in general and those with asthma had a higher prevalence of history of toothaches and higher plaque, calculus and caries indices than the healthy children. Children with systemic diseases in general and those with asthma in particular should be targeted for preventive dental services.
The Restorative Management of Amelogenesis Imperfecta in the Mixed Dentition
Authors: Kwok-Tung Law , King Nigel
Published: April 2015

Amelogenesis impefecta is a hereditary condition affecting the formation of enamel in which the rough enamel surface can compromise periodontal health and the esthetics. Affected posterior teeth usually exhibit interproximal space loss which makes restoration of the primary molars difficult. This article describes a technique, using separators to regain interproximal space prior to the placement of stainless steel crowns on the molars of a girl with amelogenesis imperfecta.
An Unusual Presentation of Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumor of the Mandible: A Case Report
Authors: Mollaoglu Nur , Tokman Benay , Kahraman Sevil , Cetiner Sedat , Yucetas Sule , Uluoglu Omer
Published: April 2015

A 13-year-old boy who complained rapid swelling on the left side of mandible is presented. Histopathological examination revealed ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT). OFMT is a rare soft-tissue neoplasm that occurs usually in the subcutaneous tissue of the extremities. Head and neck involvement is relatively rare. In this case, we present the diagnosis, surgical treatment and long-term follow-up of an OFMT due to its unusual site of occurrence. The precise clinical behavior of atypical and malignant types of OFMTs is still unclear. Thus, histopathology report is important, leading surgeon to decide how often and how long to follow-up patient with OFMT.
Clinical Assessment of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA) as Direct Pulp Capping in Young Permanent Teeth
Authors: Farsi Najat , Alamoudi Najlaa , Balto Khalid , Al Mushayt Abdullah
Published: April 2015

Carious pulp exposure in permanent molars of children is a common incident. Mineral trioxide aggregate is a new material that possesses numerous exciting possibilities for pulp therapy.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of MTA as a direct pulp capping agent in young permanent teeth.

Methods: Thirty asymptomatic permanent molars with pulp exposures were treated by pulp capping using MTA. At each recall (6, 12, 18 and 24 months), the teeth were assessed clinically, through pulpal sensitivity tests, as well as radiographically to evaluate periapical healing.

Results: None of the cases reported spontaneous pain at the six months follow up and the pulp showed signs of vitality and absence of periapical radiolucency. At 24 months, the clinical and radiographic success rate was 93% with evidence of continued root growth.

Conclusion: Pulp capping with MTA is recommended for teeth with carious pulp exposures specially immature teeth with high potential for healing.
Microleakage and Micromorphology of the Resin-dentin Interface in Primary Molars Following Different Endodontic Irrigation Regimens
Authors: Togay Burcu , Ataç Atila , Cehreli Zafer
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of two endodontic irrigants (2.5% sodium hypochlorite and 17% Ethylenediamintetraacetic acid) on the microleakage and micromorphology of the resin-dentin interface in pulpectomized primary molars. Standardized Class-II cavities were prepared in extracted, non-carious primary molars after which chemo-mechanical preparation of the root canals were performed in conjunction with K-Files and 2.5% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) between each file size. Final irrigation of the specimens were made with either 2.5 NaOCl, 17% Ethylenediamintetraacetic acid (EDTA) or with saline (control). The root canals were filled with a calcium hydroxide paste and the cavities were sub-grouped to be restored with one of the following materials: a:Amalgam, b: Prime&Bond NT (with prior total etch) and TPH resin-based composite, c: Prime&Bond NT and Dyract d: Prime&Bond NT (with Non-Rinse Conditioner pre-treatment); and e:Prompt L-Pop and F2000. Following thermocycling and 90-day water storage, the occlusal and gingival microleakage of restorations were assessed with dye penetration and image analysis. Separate specimens were processed for scanning electron microscopic investigation of the resin-dentin interface. The occlusal and gingival microleakage of the tested restorative systems was not affected by different irrigation regimens (p>0.05), while final restoration with Prime&Bond NT+TPH and Prompt L-Pop+F2000 resulted in the lowest microleakage values (p<0.05). Following the use of 17% EDTA for final flush, the latter two groups produced relatively thicker hybrid zones, when compared to the saline-irrigated specimens.
A Comparative Study of Streptococcus Mutans and Lactobacilli in Mothers and Children With Severe Early Childhood Caries (SECC) Versus a Caries Free Group of Children and Their Corresponding Mothers
Authors: Al Shukairy Haneen , Alamoudi Najlaa , Farsi Najat , Al Mushayt Abdullah , Masoud Ibrahim
Published: April 2015

Early childhood caries (ECC) is recognized as an infectious disease. The first step in its development is primary infection by the bacterium S. mutans which has been identified as the primary etiologic factors in dental caries. Lactobacilli were also found to play a role in the progression of the disease. However, the underlying mechanism of immune response to caries is still unclear.

The purpose of this study was to assess the level of cariogenic bacteria namely S. mutans and lactobacilli in caries free children, and children with SECC and their corresponding mothers. The study also aims at correlating the children's levels to their mothers.

Sixty children and their mothers attending the dental clinic in King Abdulaziz University participated in our study. Their age ranged from 3 – 5 years. The study groups consisted of 30 children with SECC and a control group comprising of 30 caries free children.

Children together with their mothers were examined and their caries level was recorded. Stimulated saliva was collected from each participant for bacterial, immunological assessment, and Lactobacilli counts in each sample were determined.

Children with SECC had higher levels of S. mutans and Lactobacilli than caries free children. The mothers of children with SECC had a statistically higher count of Lactobacilli than caries free children's mothers. However, the difference was not statistically significant with respect to their S. mutans counts. A significant relationship exists among the mother- child pair in the SECC group with respect to S. mutans level in saliva.
Effect of Carbonated Beverages, Coffee, Sports and High Energy Drinks, and Bottled Water on the in vitro Erosion Characteristics of Dental Enamel
Authors: Kitchens Michael , Owens Barry
Published: April 2015

Purpose: This study evaluated the effect of carbonated and non-carbonated beverages, bottled and tap water, on the erosive potential of dental enamel with and without fluoride varnish protection. Materials and Methods: Beverages used in this study included: Coca Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade sports drink, Red Bull high-energy drink, Starbucks Frappuccino coffee drink, Dasani water (bottled), and tap water (control). Enamel surfaces were coated with Cavity Shield 5% sodium fluoride treatment varnish. Twenty-eight previously extracted human posterior teeth free of hypocalcification and caries were used in this study. The coronal portion of each tooth was removed and then sectioned transverse from the buccal to lingual surface using a diamond coated saw blade. The crown sections were embedded in acrylic resin blocks leaving the enamel surfaces exposed. The enamel surfaces were polished using 600 to 2000 grit abrasive paper and diamond paste. Test specimens were randomly distributed to seven beverage groups and comprised 4 specimens per group. Two specimens per beverage group were treated with a fluoride varnish while 2 specimens did not receive fluoride coating. Surface roughness (profilometer) readings were performed at baseline (prior to fluoride treatment and immersion in the beverage) and again, following immersion for 14 days (24 hours/day). The test beverages were changed daily and the enamel specimens were immersed at 37° C. Surface roughness data was evaluated using multiple factor ANOVA at a significance level of p<0.05. Results: Results showed that Coca-Cola Classic, Gatorade and Red Bull with/without fluoride revealed the highest post-treatment surface roughness measurements. Coca-Cola Classic, Diet Coke, Gatorade, and Red Bull all showed significantly higher post treatment readings than StarBucks coffee, Dasani water, and tap water. Fluoride varnish was not a significant impact factor; however, beverage (type) and exposure time were significant impact variables.

Conclusion: Both carbonated and non-carbonated beverages displayed a significant erosive effect on dental enamel; however, fluoride varnish treatments did not demonstrate a significant protective influence on enamel surfaces.
Do Our Children Play Safe?
Authors: Ramagoni Naveen Kumar , Shetty Y. Rajmohan , Hegde Amitha
Published: April 2015

Sports participation is a frequent cause of injury in general to children and adolescents. 719 athletically active school children belonging to the age group of 11-14 years were selected from the four urban localities in south India (i.e, Bangalore Chennai, Cochin & Hyderabad). Data was collected by a well structured questionnaire. The results revealed that the south Indian urban school children had inadequate levels of awareness regarding orofacial injuries and their emergency care. The knowledge regarding protective devices was found to be minimal. Majority of the children were aware of mouthguards but their usage was nil.
Treatment of Unilateral Buccal Crossbites in the Primary, Early Mixed, and Permanent Dentitions: Case Reports
Authors: Valencia Roberto
Published: April 2015

It is important to recognize the development of an arch-width problem in pediatric patients and to determine the best time to treat it. One of these conditions is the posterior (buccal) crossbite where one may also find an exaggerated overjet, caused by maxillary excess, and/or mandibular width deficiency. One may also find a mandibular midline deviation on the side of the crossbite, creating a long-term orthopedic problem with a mild facial asymmetry.

When correction of this condition is attempted in adulthood, poor results can be expected, making this the most important reason for early treatment. Six clinical cases are presented, along with the mechanics performed in both arches
Comparison of Three Conscious Sedation Regimens for Pediatric Dental Patients
Authors: Torres-Pérez Javier , Tapia-García Israel , Rosales-Berber Miguel Ángel , Hernández-Sierra Juan Francisco , Pozos-Guillén Amaury de
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical success of three conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients. A clinical trial was performed wherein dental treatment was administered to pediatric patients ASA I and II under conscious sedation.. Fifty-four children were divided into three groups of 18 patients each, randomly assigned. Group A received hydroxyzine (2mg/kg 2 h before treatment and a subsequent dose of 1 mg/kg 20 min before treatment) orally; group B received 0.50mg/kg midazolam mixed with 1.5 mg/kg hydroxyzine 20 min before treatment orally; group C received chloral hydrate, 50 mg/kg mixed with 1.5mg/kg hydroxyzine 20 min before treatment orally. The Ohio State Behavioral Rating Scale (OSBRS) showed statistically significant differences between groups B and C with respect to group A. The regimens of midazolam or chloral hydrate mixed with hydroxyzine represent excellent choices for conscious sedation regimens for pediatric dental patients.
A Case of Submandibular Gland Mucocele
Authors: Okumura Kenya , Inui Madoka , Nakase Minoru , Nakamura Shinnosuke , Hiramoto Kenichi , Tagawa Toshiro
Published: April 2015

Submandibular Gland Mucocele:The mucocele occuring in the submandibular region is rare; most cases originate in the sublingual gland. Here, we report a rare case of mucocele originating in the submandibular gland. In this report, we present such a case in a 7-year-old boy, who was treated by an extirpation of cyst with submandibular and sublingual gland.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Efficacy of Various Root Canal Filling Materials Used in Primary Teeth: A Microbiological Study
Authors: Reddy S , Ramakrishna Y
Published: April 2015

The primary goal of endodontic treatment in primary teeth is to eliminate infection, and to retain the tooth in a functional state until their normal exfoliation time without endangering the permanent dentition or the general health of the child. The complexity of the pulp canal system in primary teeth presents a discerning problem for chemo-mechanical preparation. One of the factors determining the success of endodontic treatment in infected primary teeth is the sealing material that should encompass among other factors a potent bactericidal effect and the capacity to resorb along with the roots of primary teeth.

This study evaluated the antimicrobial effectiveness of 5 root canal filling materials and a negative control agent against 23 strains of bacteria isolated from infected root canals of primary molar teeth and 3 non standard bacterial strains using agar diffusion assay. The materials were Zinc oxide and Eugenol (ZOE), Zinc oxide-Eugenol and Formocresol (ZOE+FC), Calcium hydroxide and sterile water (CAOH+H2O), Zinc oxide and Camphorated phenol (ZO+CP), Calcium hydroxide and Iodoform (Metapex) and Vaseline (Control).

All the materials except Vaseline showed varied antimicrobial activity against the test bacteria. The zones of inhibition were ranked into 4 inhibition categories based on the proportional distribution of the data. All the 26 bacterial isolates were classified under 4 groups based on Aerobic/Anaerobic and Gram positive/Gram negative. Statistical analysis was carried out to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness between materials tested with each of the bacterial groupings. ZOE+FC produced strong inhibition against most bacteria when compared to ZOE, ZO+CP and CAOH+H2O. Metapex and Vaseline were found to be non inhibitory
Assessment of Oral Complications in Children Receiving Chemotherapy
Authors: El –Housseiny Azza , Saleh Susan , El –Masry Ashraf , Allam Amany
Published: April 2015

The aim of this study was to assess the early oral complications in pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy. An interview and oral examination was conducted on 150 pediatric cancer patients receiving standard dose chemotherapy. Results showed that oral pain and dry mouth were the most frequent patients' complaints. The prevalences of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis and oral infections were relatively high. The chemotherapeutic antimetabolites were the most frequently associated with oral complications than other types of chemotherapy. The present results indicate that the oral complications among patients receiving chemotherapy are common
Effect of Mixing Process on Microleakage of Glass Ionomer Cements Used in Atraumatic Restorative Treatment on Primary Molars
Authors: Morais Ferreira Fernanda de , Pimenta Parreira do Vale Miriam , Corrêa Jansen Wellington , Martins Paiva Saul , Almeida Pordeus Isabela
Published: April 2015

Aiming to assess the effect of mixing process on microleakage, 40 primary molars were filled with encapsulated glass ionomer cements (GICs) (Vidrion,RCaps and Fuji,IXGPFAST) or with GICs stored in bottles (Vidrion,R and Fuji,IX). Dye penetration was assessed using scores. Encapsulation and mechanical mixing have reduced significantly marginal microleakage levels in class II restorations performed with conventional GICs if compared to the values obtained by their bottled correspondents (p=0,000).
Peripheral Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma in a Child: A Case Report
Authors: Passos Mariana , Azevedo Rebeca , Janini Maria Eliza , Maia Lucianne Cople
Published: April 2015

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma is a gingival lesion of reactive nature and unknown etiology. Such a lesion can either interfere with normal tooth eruption or become a factor in plaque development, which usually results in caries formation in newly erupted teeth. Therefore, the objective of the present article was to report a case of peripheral cemento ossifying fibroma occurring in the mandibular posterior region of a 11-year-old girl in association with both absence of premolar eruption and presence of severely caried first permanent molar.
Dentists' Perceptions, Attitudes, Knowledge, and Experience about Child Abuse and Neglect in Northeast Italy
Authors: Manea S. , Favero G. , Stellini E. , Romoli L. , Mazzucato M. , Facchin P.
Published: April 2015

Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze dentists' perceptions, attitudes, knowledge and experience about child abuse and neglect (CAN) in an area of northeast Italy and the factors affecting the recognition and reporting of CAN cases.

Material and Methods: One hundred six dentists working in both public and private sectors in the provinces of Padua and Treviso were interviewed by a single operator. Descriptive and assessing association analyses were carried out.

Results: Dentists' perceptions about CAN is low, and these professionals have a poor attitude toward confronting it according to the code of conduct and laws. Available information and education are also poor. Education affects the detection and the reporting of CAN cases in a relevant way. Female gender is another factor that affects the attitude and the perception of CAN.

Conclusions: The results, which are consistent with other studies, show that there is a general lack of knowledge about CAN that prevents dentists from detecting and identifying suspected cases. Despite its frequent occurrence among dental patients, neglect is the least known and identified type of abuse. Education is the critical element in enhancing the ability of professionals to detect cases.
Effect of Cut-Off Points on Performance of Laser Fluorescence for Detecting Occlusal Caries
Authors: Braga Mariana , Mendes Fausto , Imparato José Carlos , Rodrigues Célia
Published: April 2015

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the influence of cut-off points on the performance of laser fluorescence(LF) in detecting occlusal caries in permanent and primary teeth. The use of different cut-off points influenced the performance of LF device in detection of occlusal caries in both kind of teeth, but the performance in permanent teeth suffered more influence from variation of cut-off points scales than in primary group.
Effect of Removable Orthodontic Appliance on Taste and Flavor Perception – A Clinical Study
Authors: Hegde Amitha , Dwivedi Swati
Published: April 2015

Removable orthodontic appliances are known to be the cause of various complaints related to oral handling of food and beverages, phonation and vocalization. To evaluate the complaint regarding appliance and its effect on taste and flavor perception ,100 volunteers were selected for the study. Two groups (I and II) of 50 children each were divided as study and control groups between the age group of 8- 13 years. Selected volunteers were given taste and flavor stimuli and were asked to score as per their perception in different testing sessions. The overall results revealed that volunteers from both study and control groups, irrespective of the use of removable orthodontic appliances showed marked variation in the estimation of the taste and flavor stimuli in different testing sessions. However, the results obtained were statistically not significant.
Evaluation of Residual Dentin after Conventional and Chemomechanical Caries Removal Using SEM
Authors: Pires Corrêa Fernanda Nahás , Rodrigues Filho Leonardo Eloy , Delgado Rodrigues Célia Regina Martins
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this in vitro study was to analyze the residual dentinal surfaces following caries removal using rotatory instruments and two chemomechanical methods (Papacárie® and Carisolv®), by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty primary incisors were divided into three groups, according to the caries removal method used, and their residual dentin was examined under SEM (15). After caries removal, 15 of these teeth were restored with Single Bond (3M) adhesive system and Z100 Filtek composite resin (3M). The tags of the replicas were observed under SEM. The chemomechanical caries removal methods (Papacárie®and Carisolv®) formed an amorphous layer, similar to the smear layer and few exposed dentinal tubules;the conventional caries removal method produced a smooth and regular dentinal surface, with typical smear layer and exposed dentinal tubules. All groups showed abundant tag formation. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed a difference between dentin treated with rotatory instruments and that treated with chemomechanical methods in spite of the occurrence of a similar tag formation in both groups.
Caries Experience of Leukemic Children During Intensive Course of Chemotherapy
Authors: Çubukçu Çiğdem Elbek , Günes Adalet Meral
Published: April 2015

Objective: To determine the incidence of dental caries in 64 leukemic children who received dental treatment before the initiation of chemotherapy and had intensive oral care during the course. Design: Caries experience (deft/DMFT), white-spot lesions (enamel demineralization), premature primary molar extractions and carious first permanent molars were investigated before and after intensive therapy. Setting: Pediatric Dental Care Unit and Department of Pediatric Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Uludağ University. Results: The dental caries level was insignificantly higher following chemotherapy compared to the initial caries level. However, the prevalence of white-spot lesions was significantly increased during the course. Caries level in 30 subjects (47%) remained stable. Conclusion: Caries level in leukemic children, who were not caries-free before chemotherapy, could be stabilized by caries prevention methods such as frequent topical fluoride applications and fissure sealants, intensive oral care and improved self-care practices.