bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bananas Muli as a product fruit leather through using microwave and oven dryers
Authors: Sari Dessy Agustina , Saputro Nurcahyo Widyodaru , Hakiim Azafilmi , Sukanta
Published: September 2019

Post-harvest processing of bananas Muli local Karawang – Loji area became a research study on a breakthrough the kind of food products. Previously, this fruit only sold to consumers in the roadside, and the rest was thrown away or not utilized. Users prefer to consume directly and fresh. After that, its medium size with a diameter 3 to 4 cm caused this raw material did not display to be a selling outcome such as “sale” or chips. Bananas Muli has never received further food processing compared to other types of bananas (such as bananas Kepok, bananas Raja, bananas Tanduk, bananas Ambon, and others). The term of fruit leather gave the development and novelty for product fruit categories in the form of sheets. Furthermore, the process that occurred was decreasing water content used microwave and oven dryers, then temperature range between 60-80oC with constant sample thickness in three suitable stabilizers. Utilization of oven dryers to produce banana leather products without stabilizers was more likely to choose a temperature of 70oC as the best condition for decreasing water content in the ingredients. Meanwhile, the use of microwaves was able to produce electromagnetic waves and caused collisions between molecules owned by the sample. The results indicated a positive effect. Carrageenan and starch were more capable of binding the water molecules. This way helped the process of reducing water content much faster from the surface (free water) to the area in the sample (water bound to the equilibrium water content). This research resulted in a decrease in water content in the example by 10,5701-12,8639% within 3 hours of the drying process at the optimum conditions
PERILAKU IBU DALAM MELATIH TOILET TRAINING PADA BALITA USIA 12-36 BULAN ( Di BPS Ny. Hj. Siti Munawaroh, SST., Desa Mlati, Kecamatan Mojo, Kabupaten Kediri )
Authors: Ratna Wijayanti Aida , Silvianingtyas Sukma
Published: September 2019

Latihan berkemih (toilet training) pada anak dapat menciptakan hubungan kasih sayang antara ibu dan anak. Latihan berkemih (toilet training) sangat dianjurkan pada balita usia 12 sampai 36 bulan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana Perilaku Ibu Dalam Melatih Berkemih (Toilet Training) Pada Balita Usia 12 Sampai 36 Bulan Di BPS Ny. Siti Munawaroh, SST Desa Mlati Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri.

      Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua ibu yang mempunyai balita usia 12 sampai 36 bulan. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ibu yang memiliki balita usia 12 sampai 36 bulan yang datang waktu penelitian Di BPS Ny. Siti Munawaroh, SST Desa Mlati Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri. Teknik sampling menggunakan accidental sampling.Pengumpulan data variabel menggunakan kuesioner. Data dikumpulkan kemudian dilakukan pengolahan dengan proses editing, coding, scoring, tabulating yang selanjutnya dianalisa dengan prosentase.

     Dari hasil penelitian pada 20 responden menunjukkan 48,5% berperilaku baik. 36,5% berperilaku cukup. 15% berperilaku kurang dalam melakukan latihan berkemih (toilet training) pada balita.

     Berdasarkan analisa dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa perilaku ibu dalam melatih toilet training pada balita usia 12-36 bulan dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya umur, pendidikan, pekerjaan, jumlah anak dan sumber informasi. Untuk itu perlu adanya usaha dari ibu secara pribadi dalam menimbulkan perilaku ibu dalam latihan berkemih (toilet training) serta perlu adanya penyuluhan dari tenaga kesehatan tentang melakukan latihan berkemih (toilet training).
Pengobatan Rasional pada Ulkus Kornea Bakteri
Authors: Novita Dina
Published: September 2019

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Increase of serum corticol levels in response to stress, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels and adhesion degrees after laparotomy and laparoscopy (experimental research in rabbit which performed ileum abrasion)
Authors: J Ananggadipa
Published: September 2019

Background : Peritoneal adhesion occurs in more than 50 - 97% of cases of transperitoneal surgery whisch is still an issue of high morbidity and mortality. Minimally invasive surgery has a significantly lower incidence of postoperative peritoneal adhesions. Peritoneal adhesions involve many mediators such as IL-8, TNF-±, IL-1², IL-6, TGF-². Laparoscopy minimize tissue trauma so that the levels of ACTH, cortisol, prolactin, noradrenaline and adrenaline are lower. This study seeks to prove the correlation between the type of abdominal surgery with peritoneal adhesion levels mediated by the increase in cortisol levels and the increase in IL-6 levels. Methods : A laboratory experimental research using twelve male New Zealand rabbits which divided into two groups was done. The treatments were laparotomy and laparoscopy where the terminal ileum abrasion was done. Blood cortisol levels were taken before treatment and 6 hours after treatment. Levels of IL-6 levels were tht aken from the peritoneal fluid samples on 7 day after treatment. Examination using ELISA method. Assessment of the adhesion degree was done based on macroscopic criteria. Results : The level of serum cortisol, peritoneal fluid IL-6 and intra peritoneal adhesion degrees in the laparotomy group is significantly higher than the laparoscopy group (p=0.021, p<0.001, p=0.002). There were strongly positive and significant correlation between the levels of cortisol and IL-6 (p=0.001 and r=0.827). There were strongly positive and significant correlation between the levels of IL-6 and the degrees of adhesion (p<0.001 and r=0.878). Conclusion : The level of serum cortisol, peritoneal fluid IL-6 and intra peritoneal adhesion are higher in laparatomy compared with laparoscopy.
Diagnosis dan Tatalaksana Hiperplasia Adrenal Kongenital
Authors: Utari Agustini
Published: September 2019

Hiperplasia Adrenal Kongenital (HAK) merupakan suatu kelainan autosomal resesif yang menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan pembentukan kortisol akibat defek enzimatik pada steroidogenesis. Tipe HAK terbanyak adalah defisiensi 21hidroksilase. Manifestasi klinik HAK akibat defisiensi 21hidroksilase secara umum bisa dbagi menjadi tipe klasik dan non klasik. Tipe klasik dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok yakni tipe salt wasting (kekurangan garam) dan simple virilizing. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan peningkatan kadar serum 17 hidroksiprogresteron (17OHP). Pengobatan utama adalah dengan memberikan glukokortikoid dengan atau tanpa mineralokortikoid
Implementasi Spiritual Marketing Dalam Meningkatkan Kuantitas Pelanggan di Cv Surya Mandiri Cirebon
Authors: Nendi Ikhsan , Sunanto Dodi
Published: September 2019

Pemasaran memiliki peran pokok dalam peta bisnis suatu perusahaan dan berkontribusi terhadap strategi produk. Perusahaan baik berskala nasional ataupun internasional membutuhkan seorang marketer yang handal untuk memasarkan produk atau jasa. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, pemasaran juga mengalami transformasi dari level rasional berkembang ke level emosional dan akhirnya ke level spiritual. Wawasan tentang pemasaran menjadi sangat penting bagi perusahaan pada saat dihadapkan pada beberapa permasalahan, seperti melambatnya perkembangan perusahaan yang diakibatkan melemahnya daya beli masyarakat. Kegiatan pemasaran seharusnya dikembalikan pada karakteristik yang sebenarnya, yakni religius, beretika, realistis dan menjunjung tinggi nilai-nilai kemanusiaan. Inilah yang dinamakan pemasaran spiritual, dan inilah konsep terbaik pemasaran untuk hari ini dan masa depan. Ada empat karakteristik spiritual marketing menurut Muhammad Syakir Sula yang dapat menjadi paduan bagi para pemasar, yaitu: Rabbaniyyah, akhlaqiyyah, waqi?iyyah dan insaniyyah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Kualitatif deskriptif yaitu suatu metode yang berusaha untuk menyajikan data dan fakta-fakta yang sesungguhnya tentang implementasi spiritual marketing di CV Surya Mandiri dengan cara observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Subjek yang diteliti adalah wakil direktur, supervisor, sales marketing dan pelanggan CV Surya Mandiri Cirebon. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa terdapat kesamaan dalam implementasi spiritual marketing perspektif Islam dengan implementasi marketing di CV Surya Mandiri Cirebon. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat pengaruh peningkatan kuantitas pelanggan akibat dari implementasi spiritual marketing di CV Surya Mandiri Cirebon. Kata Kunci : Pemasaran, Spiritual Marketing, Implementasi, Pelanggan
Oscillator Strengths and Integral Cross Sections of the Valence-shell Excitations of Carbonyl Sulfide Studied by High-energy Electron Scattering
Authors: Liu Ya-Wei , Du Xiao-Jiao , Xu Yuan-Chen , Zhu Lin-Fan
Published: September 2019

The oscillator strengths and integral cross sections (ICSs) of the valence-shell excitations of carbonyl sulfide (OCS) are the basic and important input parameters in explaining the astronomical observation of sulfur-containing species and modeling the chemical and physical processes in planetary atmospheres and interstellar space. In this work, the generalized oscillator strengths (GOSs) of the valence-shell excitations of OCS have been determined by high-energy electron scattering. The corresponding optical oscillator strengths of OCS have been determined by extrapolating the GOSs to the limit of the squared momentum transfer,

. As an independent cross-check, the present optical oscillator strengths are compared with the previous photoabsorption and electron scattering results. Meanwhile, the present BE-scaled ICSs (herein B is the binding energy and E is the excitation energy) of the dipole-allowed excitations of OCS have been obtained by the BE-scaling method from a threshold up to 5 keV.
Making Biodiversity Data Social, Shareable, and Scalable: Reflections on iNaturalist & citizen science
Authors: Seltzer Carrie
Published: September 2019

Since 2008, iNaturalist has been crowdsourcing identifications for biodiversity observations collected by citizen scientists. Today iNaturalist has over 25 million records of wild biodiversity with photo or audio evidence, from every country, representing more than 230,000 species, collected by over 700,000 people, and with 90,000 people helping others with identifications. Hundreds of publications have used iNaturalist data to advance research, conservation, and policy. There are three key themes that iNaturalist has embraced: social interaction; shareability of data, tools, and code; and scalability of the platform and community. The keynote will share reflections on what has (and has not) worked for iNaturalist while drawing on other examples from biodiversity informatics and citizen science. Insights about user motivations, synergistic collaborations, and strategic decisions about scaling offer some transferable approaches to address the broadly applicable questions: Which species is represented? How do we make the best use of the available biodiversity information? And how do we build something viable and enduring in the process?
La mort dans la vie : du « maître absolu » à l’objet du désir. Un parcours avec Freud et Lacan
Authors: Kœrner Emmanuel
Published: September 2019

Inconnaissable, irreprésentable, impensable, couramment évoquée dans une idée falote entre le chiqué et l’hypocrisie, la mort traverse cependant notre vie d’être parlant et même lui donne sens, jusqu’au rendez-vous final. Nous parcourons ici une suite de rencontres, freudiennes et lacaniennes, dans lesquelles la psychanalyse y ouvre accès : du « maître absolu » qui éteint toute parole à la Verwerfung originelle de ce réel et son rejeton la Verneinung , de la contingence du vécu à la seconde mort qui éternise, de la castration substitut d’une expérience impossible à la beauté comme accès direct, enfin de la douleur d’exister à la clé ultime : la perte absolue du deuil qui irradie dans toutes ces occurrences. Si le désir est « quelque chose qui apaise le sujet » et le protège de la détresse, son objet est lui-même supporté par le sacrifice préalable de la vie dans le deuil du phallus. Ainsi, chez l’être parlant, les fonctions de la vie et de la mort sont jointes dans une ambiguïté signifiante fondamentale.
Lainé, Deligny et Nous
Authors: de Séguin Alexandra
Published: September 2019

Deux ouvrages parus en 2018, Le défi de la folie : psychiatrie et politique (1966-1992) , de Tony Lainé, et Correspondance des Cévennes (1968-1996) , de Fernand Deligny, rassemblent des articles et des lettres écrits pendant la même période. La pensée et les entreprises de deux personnages marquants dans le champ des pratiques alternatives autour de l’autisme s’y déploient. Cet article interroge leurs positions respectives, entre subversion et dégagement, vis-à-vis du fait institutionnel et leur rapport plurivoque à la psychanalyse. Ces lectures croisées sont aussi l’occasion d’esquisser des ouvertures théorico-cliniques en lien avec la psychanalyse dans le contexte de la crise actuelle des pratiques de la folie.
Comment brider le financement de la prolifération des armes de destruction massive ?
Authors: Masson Jean
Published: September 2019

La lutte contre le financement des armes de destruction massive est difficile. En dépit des mesures adoptées par les États et les organisations internationales, les proliférants continuent à avoir accès aux marchés bancaire et financier. Même si le régime de lutte contre le financement de la prolifération peut être consolidé, il sera impossible de trouver une parade absolue. D’où l’importance de renforcer également d’autres aspects de l’architecture globale de non-prolifération.
Des « jeux sémiologiques » à la base du développement et des apprentissages
Authors: Bronckart Ecaterina Bulea
Published: September 2019

Cette contribution discute les caractéristiques et le rôle des verbalisations eu égard aux processus d’apprentissage et de développement. La première partie propose une analyse théorique du statut et du fonctionnement du langage verbal humain, et montre que ce système sémiotique ne constitue nullement une traduction directe d’entités extraverbales, notamment cognitives. La deuxième partie aborde la manière dont la verbalisation a fait l’objet d’un ensemble de recherches portant sur le rôle des productions verbales en situation didactique ou dans des dispositifs de formation des enseignants. La troisième partie montre, au travers de quelques exemples, que les processus de restructuration des savoirs mobilisent des « jeux sémiologiques », c’est-à-dire une dynamique verbale stratifiée, impliquant plusieurs niveaux d’organisation du langage et la construction d’entités signifiantes de rangs différents.
Développement professionnel d’enseignants et verbalisation au sein d’un dispositif d’accompagnement pluriel
Authors: Mattéï-Mieusset Claire , Promonet-Thérèse Aurore , Emprin Fabien , Philippot Thierry
Published: September 2019

Cet article présente les premiers résultats d’une recherche qualitative dans le contexte français, qui vise à comprendre les leviers de réussite d’un dispositif de formation d’enseignants articulant recherche et pratique, dans un accompagnement institutionnel pluriel : réseau Canopé-direction territoriale Grand Est, le Conseil National d’Évaluation du Système Scolaire et l’Éducation Nationale. Nous analysons pour deux des enseignantes impliquées, différents types de verbalisations que nous considérons comme des traces langagières présentant une dimension discursive plurielle au sens du dialogisme (Bakhtine, 1979). Nous caractérisons le processus de développement professionnel (Jorro, 2014 ; Marcel, 2009 ; Wittorski, 2008) de chacun d’eux grâce à l’identification de trois indicateurs corrélés à quatre phases (Boucher & Jenkins, 2004). Nous discutons enfin la place de la verbalisation entre outil méthodologique de recherche et vecteur de développement professionnel.
Liens entre troubles psychiques et recours aux dispositifs du champ du handicap en France
Authors: Quidu Frédérique , Roussel Pascale
Published: September 2019

Introduction  : Les prestations et modalités d’accompagnement des personnes (dans les domaines du travail, de la vie quotidienne et sociale et du logement) sont nombreuses et diversifiées dans le champ du handicap. Les personnes atteintes de troubles psychiques graves sont souvent considérées comme bénéficiant moins que d’autres des diverses formes de compensation mise en place dans le cadre de la solidarité nationale. But de l’étude  : Notre objectif était d’étudier, pour ces personnes, les recours aux différentes formes de compensation et d’identifier les caractéristiques de celles qui y recourent le plus. Méthodes  : En procédant à une classification hiérarchique ascendante à partir des données de l’enquête Handicap-Santé représentative de la population nationale en 2008-2009, et en étudiant les caractéristiques de ces groupes au regard des prestations proposées dans le champ du handicap, nous avons souhaité éclairer les motifs de recours. Résultats  : L’utilisation des prestations et accompagnements divers est la plus marquée dans les deux groupes dont les déficiences psychiques s’accompagnent d’autres déficiences et dont les activités sont les plus limitées. Un troisième groupe, dont le recours au champ du handicap est moindre sans être négligeable se singularise par un entrelacs de difficultés sociales et médicales variées, sans que l’on puisse être assuré de l’antériorité des unes sur les autres. Conclusions  : Cette enquête déclarative comporte des données inévitablement approximatives en matière de diagnostics et déficiences, mais la diversité des informations apportées est unique et elle permet de mettre en lumière l’intrication des troubles physiques et psychiques présente chez de très nombreux bénéficiaires des prestations du champ du handicap.
Évaluation des risques psychosociaux dans le secteur de la grande distribution en Tunisie
Authors: Mechergui Najla , Ben Ali Refka , Faten Bouden , Ben Khadra Hajer , Ben Yahmed Yosra , Ladhari Nizar
Published: September 2019

Introduction  : L’identification des facteurs de risques psychosociaux dans le secteur de la grande distribution est primordiale dans la mise en place d’une démarche de prévention adaptée à ce secteur. Objectif  : Évaluer les contraintes psychosociales chez les salariés d’une chaîne de grande distribution. Méthodes  : Il s’agissait d’une enquête transversale descriptive portant sur des salariés d’une chaîne de grande distribution. L’étude s’est basée sur un questionnaire recueillant les caractéristiques socioprofessionnelles des salariés et l’administration du questionnaire de Karasek. Résultats  : L’effectif des salariés ayant participé à l’enquête était de 245 salariés. Il se caractérisait par un âge moyen de 32,4 ± 6,4 ans et un sexe-ratio de 0,84. L’ancienneté moyenne au poste de travail était de 6,3 ans (min. = 1 an ; max. = 18 ans). Les salariés étaient mariés dans 56,7 % des cas avec un nombre d’enfants à charge supérieur ou égal à deux retrouvé chez 60 % de l’effectif. Les employés étaient les plus représentés (56 %) ; les caissiers et les directeurs de magasin représentaient respectivement 24,5 et 19,5 %. Une tension au travail ( job strain ) était observée dans 28,2 % des cas. Il variait significativement avec l’ancienneté au poste de travail ( p  = 0,03 ; coefficient de corrélation = 0,15). Les employés et les caissiers représentaient les postes les plus exposés. Les contractuels étaient 17 % à subir une situation de tension au travail, contre 31 % des salariés ayant un contrat à durée indéterminée (CDI) ( p  = 0,04). Une forte demande psychologique a été retrouvée dans 48,2 % des cas. Les salariés travaillant dans les supermarchés étaient plus exposés que ceux travaillant dans les supérettes ( p  < 0,001). Une faible latitude décisionnelle a été retrouvée dans 61,2 % des cas. Elle était plus importante chez les salariés en CDI ( p  = 0,01). Un soutien social faible a été retrouvé dans 65,3 % des cas. Une situation d’isostrain (isolement) était observée dans 20 % des cas. Conclusion  : L’évaluation objective des risques psychosociaux permet de cibler les catégories professionnelles vulnérables. Elle permet l’élaboration d’un plan d’action permettant des interventions dans le but de réduire les effets du travail sur la santé mentale.
Student Trauma, the Hidden Curriculum, and Cultural Humility
Authors: Branson Dana C.
Published: September 2019

Student trauma can set up challenges and obstacles to a student's academic success. The correlation between experienced childhood trauma and negative medical and social problems is significant, creating problems at school with academic work, behaviors, and social interactions. Further compounding this issue are cultural differences in traumatic resolution and the hidden curriculum of education, especially as the globalization of school communities increases. The complexity of this issue generates an ideal situation for a multidisciplinary team approach, with precise defining of each team member's role to increase comprehensive services for teachers, students, families, and the administration. Essential members of the multidisciplinary team are school administration, teachers, family members, guidance staff, counseling staff, school social workers, school nurses, and community resources that can coordinate with the school to create individualized plans to optimize student success. The chapter is a compilation of scholarly research through desktop research.
Study of Precipitation Hardening in Two Al-Mg-Si Alloys with and without Copper and Excess Silicon Using Kissinger and Boswell Methods
Authors: Serradj Fares , Farh Hichem , Belfarhi Brahim
Published: September 2019

The precipitation of two 6xxx (Al-Mg-Si) alloys with and without copper (Cu) and excess silicon (Si) has been investigated by using the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), transmission electron microscopic (TEM) and X ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The analysis of the DSC curves found that the excess Si accelerate the precipitation. The values of activation energies for each peak of DSC curves were determined by using Kissinger–Akahira–Sunose (KAS) and Boswell isoconversional methods. The alloy which has an excess Si and copper require larger activation energy for precipitation despite the acceleration of the precipitation by the excess Si. TEM observation result shows there is smaller size and higher density of precipitate in excess Si alloy than those of excess-free.
Growth of ZnO Nanorods by Template-Free Sol-Gel Dip-Coating Technique: Effect of Pre-Annealing Temperature
Authors: Guitoume Djamal Eddine , Ynineb Fayssal , Mendil Djelloul , Farh Hichem , Attaf Nadhir , Aida Mohamed Salah
Published: September 2019

In this work, we studied the effect of pre-heating temperature on the structural and optical properties of ZnO nanorods grown by free template sol-gel dip-coating technique. The prepared films were pre-heated at different temperatures: 240, 260, 280 and 300 °C, then annealed at 500 °C for one hour. The structural properties of the prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the surface morphologies were studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The optical properties were studied by means of UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The XRD diffraction spectra show that all the prepared samples have a ZnO wurtzite structure with a preferential orientation along (002) axis. SEM micrographs revealed the formation of well-aligned ZnO nanorods for the sample preheated at 280 °C. The prepared ZnO nanorod structured thin films are highly transparent in the visible region with an average transmittance above 85 % in the 400–800 nm wavelength range.
A Comparative Study on the Tribological Behavior of SAE-AISI 1055 Steel and Brass (CuZn39Pb2) a Pin on Disc Type of Contact
Authors: Eddine Bougoffa Mohammed Seyf , Noura Mebrouki
Published: September 2019

The paper assesses and compares the friction and wear behavior of SAE-AISI 1055 steel and brass (CuZn39Pb2) under dry sliding condition. The tribological behavior was investigated and compared by conducting two different experiments, the first experiment conducted on a CSM tribometer, and the second experiment was carried out on a test bench in horizontal lathe machine where device holder pin is fabricated and mounted on a test bench and a rotating disc, varying the normal load exert on the disc by the pin and the rotation speed of the disc. These tests consisted of measuring friction coefficient and wear loss of samples. Experiments are carried out in normal load 5-10 N, sliding speed 0.24-0.35 and 0.48 m/s. Variations of coefficient of friction during sliding at different initial surface roughness, normal load and sliding speed are investigated. Results show that the two alloys had different friction and wear behavior, for steel friction coefficient increase slowly with the increase of normal load and sliding speed. For brass friction coefficient decreases with the increase of normal load and sliding speed. On the other hand, it is also found that wear loss increase with sliding distance. Microscopic of worn surfaces for each alloy were carried out and compared.
Effect of La Doping on ZnO Thin Films by Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Nassiba Allag , Benhaoua Boubaker , Chahnez Saied , Djamel Barani , Leila Segueni , Gasmi Brahim , Rahal Achour , Benhaoua Atmane , Hima Abdelkader
Published: September 2019

In this study, Zinc oxide (ZnO) undoped and Lanthanum doped (ZnO: La) thin films were deposited on 400°C heated glass using spray pyrolysis technique with moving nozzle. The components (Zn (CH3COO)2, 2H2O) and (LaCl3, 7H2O) were used as sources to produce ZnO thin film and doped Lanthanum, respectively. Effects of dopant on the optical and structural properties of undoped and 0, 2 and 4 wt. % Lanthanum doped ZnO thin films were studied. Optical transmittance spectra of the films showed high transparency of about 98% in visible region. The optical gap for ZnO and 0, 2 and 4 wt. % La doped ZnO thin films were found to be in 3.25-3.28 [eV] range. The X-ray diffraction showed that the thin films have hexagonal wurtzite structure with a strong (002) as preferred orientation, whereas the crystalline size was ranged in 15.89-33.45 nm. The ZnO thin films are promising to be used a light emitting diodes, gas sensor and UV detectors applications.
The Cold Rolling Effect on the Precipitation Sequence and Microstructural Changes of an Al-Mg-Si Alloy
Authors: Farh Hichem , Ziar Toufik , Belghit Hanna , Khechba Mourad , Noua Abd Elouahab , Serradj Fares
Published: September 2019

The rolling operation consists of deforming the material by passing it between two rolls whose spacing is smaller than the initial thickness of the sample, the reduction in thickness is obtained discontinuously by successive passes in the rolling mill whose spacing between the cylinders gradually decreases. This operation can influence on the mechanical and microstructural properties of the deformed materials
The effect of cold rolled
on microstructural evolution
and precipitation sequence in Al-Mg-Si alloy has
been
investigated by
using
optical
microscopy and Differential Scanning
Calorimetry
(DSC) in this study
.
The results revealed that the distribution of the grains are elongated along the rolling direction.
We also noted that i
nsoluble coarse particles that originated during the manufacturing process of the alloy have become visible after the rolling processes
.
The dislocations generated
by the plastic deformation during cooled rolling constitute preferential sites for the germination and the growth of the phases, which accelerates the kinetics of the precipitation.
Joining of Titanium and its Alloys with Aluminum Alloys by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Rzaev Radmir , Chularis Alexander , Rybakov Aleksey
Published: September 2019

This article is devoted to the study of the mechanism of formation of dissimilar welded joints Ti-2Al-1.5Mn, pure titanium (Ti35A) and aluminum (Аl (pure), Аl-6Mg-0.5Mn) alloys obtained by friction stir welding (FSW). The investigated microstructure of the weld joint nugget (WN), zones of thermo mechanically affected zone (TMAZ) and heat affected zone (HAZ) formed at FSW between Ti-2Al-1.5Mn, Ti35A and aluminum (Аl (pure), Аl-6Mg-0.5Mn) alloys. Zones of welded joints at FSW are formed in the mode of structural superplasticity (SP) with a specific shear-band layered structure with alternating layers. The achievement of superplastic state (SPS) in the formation of WN, TMAZ, HAZ is provided by the step–by–step transformation of various mechanisms of plastic deformation in the mode of simple, collective, abnormal dynamic recrystallization, prepared by the processes of dynamic return, polygonization with the transition to post-dynamic recrystallization by the mechanisms of Bailey–Hirsch, Kahn-Burgers-Taylor. At FSW aluminum and titanium alloys with polymorphism, SPS is supported additionally due to recrystallization by twinning and as a result of phase transformations of alpha-gamma or alpha-beta phases.
Obtaining Spherical Powders of Grade 5 Alloy for Application in Selective Laser Melting Technology
Authors: Ozerskoi Nikolay Evgenievich , Wang Qing Sheng
Published: September 2019

In this paper, the process of obtaining a spherical powder of titanium alloy of the “Grade 5” brand using inductively coupled argon-helium plasma has been studied. The structure of titanium alloy was studied before and after the spheroidization process. The results of particle size and X-ray fluorescent analysis were also obtained. As a result of the analysis of the structure, it was concluded that the crystallite sizes and microstress values change. Keywords: additive technology, plasmachemical synthesis, spheroidization, titanium alloy, grade 5.
Measurement of Thermal Cycle at Multi-Pass Layer Build-Up with Different Travel Path Strategies during DLMD Process
Authors: Stankevich Stanislav , Gumenyuk Andrey , Strasse Anne , Rethmeier Michael
Published: September 2019

The shape of the parts, created by the technology of direct laser metal deposition (DLMD), is influenced by various parameters, for example, the power and diameter of the laser source spot. The contribution of energy from the laser affects the temperature distribution in the formed layers. The changing temperature in the working area entails a change in the geometry of the layers and affects the stability of the process. In this paper, experiments on the measurement of temperature cycles in the DLMD process with different directions of the filling track are carried out. An infrared camera was used to measure thermal cycles. The correspondence table between the intensity of thermal radiation of the material and the absolute temperature was developed. The experiments are carried out with the filler material 316L. The effect of the maximum temperature on the layer height is shown, and thermal cycles in the formation of layers for different filling strategies are presented.
The Effect of Laser Power on the Microstructure of the Nb-Si Based In Situ Composite, Fabricated by Laser Metal Deposition
Authors: Goncharov I.S. , Masaylo Dmitriy V. , Orlov Alexey , Razumov Nikolay G. , Obrosov Aleksei
Published: September 2019

The Nb-Si in-situ composite samples were fabricated by laser metal deposition additive manufacturing technology from mechanically alloyed powders in vario-planetary ball mill. A laser metal of samples was carried out at various laser powers: 500 W, 1000 W, 1400 W. The microstructure of a sample grown at a laser power of 500 W consists of a solid solution of Nb, Nb3Si, and dendritic chains of Ti. When the laser power is increased to 1000 W, the volume fraction of silicides increases, the structural heterogeneity decreases. With further increase in laser power to 1400 W, Ti dissolves in Nb, dendritic chains disappear, Nb5Si3 silicide stabilizes.
Performance of colored cotton under irrigation water salinity and organic matter dosages
Authors: Nascimento Patrícia Dos Santos , Alves Lucylia Suzart , Paz Vital Pedro da Silva
Published: September 2019

This work evaluated the development of colored cotton submitted to irrigation water of different salinity levels and organic matter doses from tanned manure. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 4 x 4 factorial scheme with 3 replications, totaling 48 experimental plots. The factors studied were 4 doses of organic matter (1, 4, 7 and 10%) and four levels of irrigation water salinity (0.26; 1, 2 and 4 dS m-1). The variables analyzed were plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of fruits and fresh shoot mass. Significant effect of organic matter was observed on all studied variables, with a positive response on the increase of all variables as a function of increasing doses of organic matter. The isolated effect of salinity was significant for all parameters evaluated, except for the number of leaves, with significant reductions of 6.03; 3.27; 5.23; 6.94% in the parameters: plant height, stem diameter, number of fruits and shoot fresh weight respectively, for each unit increase of irrigation water salinity. The interaction between the variation sources studied had a significant effect only for fresh shoot mass, where the highest average for this parameter was observed at 10% organic matter dosage at irrigation water salinity level of 1.0 dS m-1.
Relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of $K3$ surfaces
Authors: Pandharipande Rahul , Yin Qizheng
Published: September 2019

We study the interplay of the moduli of curves and the moduli of

K3

surfaces via the virtual class of the moduli spaces of stable maps. Using Getzler’s relation in genus 1, we construct a universal decomposition of the diagonal in Chow in the third fiber product of the universal

K3

surface. The decomposition has terms supported on Noether–Lefschetz loci which are not visible in the Beauville–Voisin decomposition for a fixed

K3

surface. As a result of our universal decomposition, we prove the conjecture of Marian–Oprea–Pandharipande: the full tautological ring of the moduli space of

K3

surfaces is generated in Chow by the classes of the Noether–Lefschetz loci. Explicit boundary relations are constructed for all

\kappa

classes. More generally, we propose a connection between relations in the tautological ring of the moduli spaces of curves and relations in the tautological ring of the moduli space of

K3

surfaces. The WDVV relation in genus 0 is used in our proof of the MOP conjecture.
Solutions to overdetermined elliptic problems in nontrivial exterior domains
Authors: Ros Antonio , Ruiz David , Sicbaldi Pieralberto
Published: September 2019

In this paper we construct nontrivial exterior domains

\Omega \subset \mathbb R^N

, for all

N\geq 2

, such that the problem

\left\{\begin{array} {ll} -\Delta u +u -u^p=0,\ u >0 & \text{in }\; \Omega, \\ \ u= 0 & \text{on }\; \partial \Omega, \\ \ \frac{\partial u}{\partial \nu} = \text{cte} & \text{on }\; \partial \Omega, \end{array}\right.

admits a positive bounded solution. This result gives a negative answer to the Berestycki–Caffarelli–Nirenberg conjecture on overdetermined elliptic problems in dimension 2, the only dimension in which the conjecture was still open. For higher dimensions, different counterexamples have been found in the literature; however, our example is the first one in the form of an exterior domain.
A review and framework for the evaluation of pixel-level uncertainty estimates in satellite aerosol remote sensing
Authors: Sayer Andrew M. , Govaerts Yves , Kolmonen Pekka , Lipponen Antti , Luffarelli Marta , Mielonen Tero , Patadia Falguni , Popp Thomas , Povey Adam C. , Stebel Kerstin , Witek Marcin L.
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Recent years have seen the increasing inclusion of per-retrieval prognostic (predictive) uncertainty estimates within satellite aerosol optical depth (AOD) data sets, providing users with quantitative tools to assist in optimal use of these data. Prognostic estimates contrast with diagnostic (i.e. relative to some external truth) ones, which are typically obtained using sensitivity and/or validation analyses. Up to now, however, the quality of these uncertainty estimates has not been routinely assessed. This study presents a review of existing prognostic and diagnostic approaches for quantifying uncertainty in satellite AOD retrievals, and presents a general framework to evaluate them, based on the expected statistical properties of ensembles of estimated uncertainties and actual retrieval errors. It is hoped that this framework will be adopted as a complement to existing AOD validation exercises; it is not restricted to AOD and can in principle be applied to other quantities for which a reference validation data set is available. This framework is then applied to assess the uncertainties provided by several satellite data sets (seven over land, five over water), which draw on methods from the empirical to sensitivity analyses to formal error propagation, at 12 Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) sites. The AERONET sites are divided into those where it is expected that the techniques will perform well, and those for which some complexity about the site may provide a more severe test. Overall all techniques show some skill in that larger estimated uncertainties are generally associated with larger observed errors, although they are sometimes poorly calibrated (i.e. too small/large in magnitude). No technique uniformly performs best. For powerful formal uncertainty propagation approaches such as Optimal Estimation the results illustrate some of the difficulties in appropriate population of the covariance matrices required by the technique. When the data sets are confronted by a situation strongly counter to the retrieval forward model (e.g. potential mixed land/water surfaces, or aerosol optical properties outside of the family of assumptions), some algorithms fail to provide a retrieval, while others do but with a quantitatively unreliable uncertainty estimate. The discussion suggests paths forward for refinement of these techniques.
Sensitivity of ocean biogeochemistry to the iron supply from the Antarctic Ice Sheet explored with a biogeochemical model
Authors: Person Renaud , Aumont Olivier , Madec Gurvan , Vancoppenolle Martin , Bopp Laurent , Merino Nacho
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Iron (Fe) delivery by the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) through ice shelf and iceberg melting enhances primary productivity in the largely iron-limited Southern Ocean (SO). To explore this fertilization capacity, we implement a simple representation of the AIS iron source in the global ocean biogeochemical model NEMO-PISCES. We evaluate the response of Fe, surface chlorophyll, primary production, and carbon (C) export to the magnitude and hypothesized vertical distributions of the AIS Fe fluxes. Surface Fe and chlorophyll concentrations are increased up to 24 % and 12 %, respectively, over the whole SO. The AIS Fe delivery is found to have a relatively modest impact on SO primary production and C export, which are increased by 0.063±0.036 PgC yr−1 and 0.028±0.016, respectively. However, in highly fertilized areas, primary production and C export can be increased by up to 30 % and 42 %, respectively. Icebergs are predicted to have a much larger impact on Fe, surface chlorophyll, and primary productivity than ice shelves in the SO. The response of surface Fe and chlorophyll is maximum in the Atlantic sector, northeast of the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula, and along the East Antarctic coast. The iceberg Fe delivery below the mixed layer may, depending on its assumed vertical distribution, fuel a non-negligible subsurface reservoir of Fe. The AIS Fe supply is effective all year round. The seasonal variations of the iceberg Fe fluxes have regional impacts that are small for annual mean primary productivity and C export at the scale of the SO.
A geostatistical framework for estimating flow indices by exploiting
short records and long-term spatial averages – Application to annual
and monthly runoff
Authors: Roksvåg Thea , Steinsland Ingelin , Engeland Kolbjørn
Published: September 2019

Abstract. In this article, we present a Bayesian geostatistical framework that is particularly suitable for interpolation of hydrological data when the available dataset is sparse and includes missing values and short records of data. A key feature of the proposed framework is that several years of runoff is modeled simultaneously with two Gaussian random fields (GRFs): One that is common for all years under study and represents the runoff generation due to long-term climatic conditions, and one that is year specific. The climatic GRF learns how short records of runoff from partially gauged catchments vary relatively to longer time series from other catchments, and transfers this information across years. Another property, is that the model takes the nested structure of catchments into account such that the water balance is preserved for any point in the landscape. The framework is demonstrated by interpolation of annual and monthly runoff from around 200 catchments in Norway, and we compare it to Top-Kriging (interpolation method) and simple linear regression (method for exploiting short records). The results show that if the correlation between neighboring catchments is high, a model that considers several years of runoff simultaneously is considerably better at capturing large spatial variability than a model that treats each year of data separately.
Sediment transport modelling in riverine environments: on the importance of grain-size distribution, sediment density, and suspended sediment concentrations at the upstream boundary
Authors: Lepesqueur Jérémy , Hostache Renaud , Martínez-Carreras Núria , Montargès-Pelletier Emmanuelle , Hissler Christophe
Published: September 2019

Abstract. Hydromorphodynamic models are powerful tools for
predicting the potential mobilization and transport of sediment in river
ecosystems. Recent studies have shown that they are able to predict
suspended sediment matter concentration in small river systems
satisfactorily. However, hydro-sedimentary modelling exercises often neglect
suspended sediment properties (e.g. sediment densities and grain-size
distribution), which are known to directly control sediment dynamics in the
water column during flood events. The main objective of this study is to
assess whether a better representation of such properties leads to an
improved performance in the model. The modelling approach utilizes a fully
coupled hydromorphodynamic model based on TELEMAC-3D (v7p1) and an enhanced
version of the sediment transport module SISYPHE (based on v7p1), which
allows for a refined sediment representation (i.e. 10-class sediment
mixtures instead of 2-class mixtures and distributed sediment density instead of
uniform). The proposed developments of the SISYPHE model enable us to
evaluate and discuss the added value of sediment representation refinement
for improving sediment transport and riverbed evolution predictions. To this
end, we used several model set-ups to evaluate the influence of sediment
grain-size distribution, sediment density, and suspended sediment
concentration at the upstream boundary on model predictions. As a test case,
we simulated a flood event in a small-scale river, the Orne river in
north-eastern France. Depending on the model set-up, the results show
substantial discrepancies in terms of simulated bathymetry evolutions.
Moreover, the model based on an enhanced configuration of the sediment
grain-size distribution (10 classes of particle sizes) and with distinct
densities per class outperforms the standard SISYPHE configuration, with
only two sediment grain-size classes, in terms of simulated suspended
sediment concentration.
Changes in trends and outcomes of eclampsia: a success story from Qatar
Authors: Sharara Hussain A , Shaikh Nissar , Ummunnisa Firdous , Aboobacker Naseera , Al Tamimi Halima
Published: September 2019

Background: Preeclampsia and eclampsia are two hypertensive disorders of pregnancy that significantly contribute to higher morbidity and mortality rates. Eclampsia is the occurrence of seizures in patients with preeclampsia without any previous history of seizure disorders. The incidence and prevalence of eclampsia varies, and there is scarce literature about the prevalence and trends of eclampsia in the Arabian Gulf countries. This study aimed to identify the incidence and changing trends of eclampsia in Qatar. Patients and Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary heathcare center in Qatar, and included all patients admitted with eclampsia from 1979 to 2017. The demographic data, maternal age, parity, gestational age, antenatal visits, timing of seizures, mode of delivery, treatment, maternal morbidity, and mortality were recorded. The study period was divided into the initial period of 1979–1988, 1991–2009, and the recent period of 2010–2017. Data analysis was performed using chi-square tests to identify trends among the three different periods. A p value of ≤ 0.05 (two-tailed) was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 151 patients with eclampsia were admitted with an increasing incidence of eclampsia over time. There was a statistically significant improvement in antenatal follow-up and an increase in the maternal age of patients with eclampsia (p = 0.001). The incidence of eclampsia without proteinuria increased significantly over time (p = 0.03). Postpartum eclampsia was more common (p = 0.002). Labetalol was the most frequently used antihypertensive agent (p = 0.001), and magnesium sulfate has been increasingly used as an anticonvulsant agent (p = 0.001). The rate of maternal morbidity was decreasing, and in the recent period, posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome was becoming a common comorbidity in patients with eclampsia. Maternal mortality displayed significant improvement, reaching 0% in the recent study period (p = 0.02). Perinatal mortality likewise displayed a decreasing trend and reached 3.17% in the recent period. Conclusion: The incidence of eclampsia is increasing in Qatar. The antenatal care of patients with eclampsia has improved significantly. The medical management of patients with eclampsia has also drastically improved, leading to a significant decrease in maternal mortality and improvement in perinatal outcomes.
Aplicaciones alternas de insecticidas químicos y botánicos para el manejo de mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius) y Geminivirus en tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en Tisma, Nicaragua
Authors: Jiménez-Martínez Edgardo , Balladares Balladares Jordan
Published: September 2019

La mosca blanca (Bemisia tabaci, Gennadius.) y los Geminivirus son los principales agentes de daño causantes de problemas fitosanitarios severos para los productores de tomate (Solanum lycopersicum, L.). Este insecto provoca importantes pérdidas económicas, disminuyendo los rendimientos al afectar la calidad de frutos. En base a esta situación se realizó un estudio en el municipio de Tisma, Masaya en el período comprendido entre julio y septiembre del 2015 para evaluar la efectividad de insecticidas químicos alternados con botánicos para el manejo de la mosca blanca y su daño causado por virosis. Los tratamientos evaluados fueron: Engeo® alternado con Chile+Ajo+detergente, Imidacloprid® alternado con Madero Negro, Abamectina® alternado con Neem, Monarca® alternado con Chile+ajo y un testigo que consistió en aplicaciones de agua solamente. Las variables evaluadas fueron, número de mosca blanca por planta, incidencia y severidad del daño de virosis por planta, rendimiento en kg ha-1. De los tratamientos evaluados, el menor número de moscas blancas, menor porcentaje de incidencia y severidad del daño de virosis y mayor rendimiento lo presentó el tratamiento Abamectina® alternado con Neem, seguido de Monarca® alternado con chile+ajo. Se concluye que Abamectina® alternado con Neem es el tratamiento que resultó más efectivo para el manejo de mosca blanca y su daño por virosis.