bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The value relevance of the fair value hierarchy. Empirical evidence from the European Union
Authors: Mechelli Alessandro , Sforza Vincenzo , Stefanoni Alessandra , Cimini Riccardo
Published: November 2018

This paper investigates the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy disclosed for financial instruments through a sample of 97 financial entities listed over the period 2011-2016 in the stock markets of 23 European countries. Its main objectives are threefold. First, by analysing the European setting, the paper means to study the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy to judge the choice of the International Accounting Standard Board (IASB) to extend the disclosure of the hierarchy to all the assets and liabilities. Second, the paper aims to evaluate the choice of abandoning management intent as a criterion for the classification and measurement of financial instruments investigating the effect that such an intent has on the value relevance of the fair value hierarchy. Finally, by studying the effect that exposure to risks has on the value relevance of the fair value hierarchical levels, the paper plans to investigate the implications that the disclosure of the hierarchy could have on the rules of Basel 3 capital adequacy. Formulating three different research hypotheses, the findings validate them providing evidence that the value relevance of fair value measurement depends on the source of inputs used to estimate fair value and that both management intent and the risk intensity of the asset book only affect the value relevance of the less reliable fair value estimates. These results are useful for standard setters and regulators. Actually, for the investors decisions, they suggest the importance of disclosing the fair value hierarchy for all the assets and liabilities as required by IFRS 13, as well as the advantage of replacing in IFRS 9 the management intent criterion with the business model test and the characteristics of the instruments for the classification and measurement of financial assets. For the future, the findings suggest the opportunity to introduce filters within the common equity tier 1 for the less reliable fair value estimates. This paper's current and future implications for standard setters and regulators are to avoid earnings management and capital management behaviour possibly affecting the quality of financial reporting.
Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia yang Unggul Berbasis Pumping-HR Model
Authors: Ramly Amir Tengku
Published: November 2018

This study is an evaluative framework of Stufflebeam CIPP evaluation model, with evaluation components: context, input, process and product, which involve trainees in IPB human resource development program for 3 years running.Human resource development training program based on the model of IPB pumping is a useful program for employment and self, which have an impact on performance. In the context of this program supports the goals of human resource development IPB. In this program input is designed according to the needs of HR IPB to (1) the strengthening of values and beliefs, (2) the strengthening of competence, and (3) encourage the successful behavior in terms of responsibility, professionalism and friendliness of the work. In the preferred process of this program and fun for participants and products (output and outcome) can benefit from this program and give a clear impact to the performance of the employee.
 

 
Silahturahim dan disampaikannya Keutamaan Haji dan Umroh Terhadap Kekuatan Niat dan Kepahaman untuk Melaksanakannya Di Lingkungan IPB
Authors: Mardijja Waladan , Hubeis Musa , Indupurnahayu Hj.
Published: November 2018

Results of the analysis showed friendship gives direct influence on the determination 0.02 and 0.042 against of understanding to implement them. That is friendship provide a less robust effect (not real) against the power of intention and does not provide significant effect (less powerful) against of understanding to implement them. The virtue of Hajj and Umrah directly affect the strength of the intention to implement 0.757 and 0,282 against of understanding to implement them.

Determination impact directly against 0.604 of understanding to implement 60.4%, meaning that it conveys the virtue of Hajj provide a very strong influence on the strength of the intention to carry it out. The virtues of Hajj provide a strong enough influence on of understanding to implement them. Through the power of intention, friendship gives indirect influence on of understanding to implement it by 0.12, while it conveys the primacy of Hajj provide indirect influence on of understanding to implement at 0.4463.
Comparison of Conventional Systems Credit Card and Credit Card Shariah as Alternative Construction Credit Card on Banking System
Authors: Hadi Sholikul , Hafidudhin Didin , Tanjung Hendri
Published: November 2018

This study was motivated by the presence of different views on whether or not
allowed to use Islamic credit cards, although the Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI) has issued a fatwa on the permissibility of the card. Given these differences, this study examines the operating system on credit cards in terms of Islamic law, a difference of conventional and Islamic Credit Card and alternative solutions Credit Card reconstruction system in accordance with the Islamic Shari'ah and can be applied in the modern economy.The results showed (1) Credit Card operating system in terms of Sharia Islamic law indicates permitted
use; (2) Found some fundamental differences between Islamic and conventional Credit Card; (3) An alternative solution in the reconstruction of the Credit Card in accordance with Islamic law, including: (a) the credit card must be received recognition from banks with partnershipnya; (b) the credit card should be simple, both in the process of obtaining and using it; (c) The credit card issuer must be heavily promoting.
Teacher Certification Programs, Teacher Motivation And School Climate On Teacher Performance (Case Study : SMK Ibnu Aqil Bogor)
Authors: Koto Andrias , Djamil Masyhudzulhak , . Indupurnahayu
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to effect of teacher certification programs, teacher motivation and school climate on the performance of vocational teacher Ibnu Aqil Bogor. The research was conducted at the Vocational School of Ibn Aqil Bogor sample as many as 70 teachers. The research variables are teacher certification program, gur motivation and school climate as independent variables and teacher performance as the dependent variable. Data collection using questionnaires, interviews and observations. Data were analyzed descriptively and using simple linear regression analysis.
The results showed the availability of teachers based on the quality of education is either minimal S1. 85.71% of teachers in vocational Ibn Aqil Bogor was educated S1. In terms of quantity of total 70 teachers filled out by the teacher labor fee of 20 people and the civil servant and teacher fixed foundation. Teacher certification programs, teacher motivation and school climate affects the quality of education by 58.2%, the remaining 41.8% is influenced by other factors.
Internal Factors Affecting The Micro Credit Non Performing Loan (Case Study: BPR Wahana Sentra Artha)
Authors: Faisal Faisal , Walujadi Dedi , Rahim Anwar
Published: November 2018

The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal factors rural banks (BPR) and strategies to provide micro-credit to the non-performing loan (NPL). The research was conducted in the BPR Wahana Sentra Artha District Majalengka, Sumedang Regency, Regency Sukabumi and Cirebon Regency of West Java Province. The sampling technique used in this research is purposive sampling technique of data analysis of this study was to test multiple regression and linear regression.
Hypothesis testing results show that the internal conditions BPR positive and significant impact on the strategy of credit, debtor conditions positive and significant impact on the strategy of lending, and credit strategies and significant negative effect on the NPL.
Kajian Pendapatan Agroindustri Tortila di Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara
Authors: Falo Marsianus , Fallo Yosefina Marice
Published: November 2018

Pemberdayaan kelompok tani merupakan upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas kelompok tani tersebut yang Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kelompok tani Basam Tasa Kelurahan Atmen Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara sejak bulan Februari sampai bulan April 2014 dengan tujuan: 1) Untuk mengetahui gambaran proses produksi tortila pada Kelompok Tani Basam Tasa di Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara, 2) Untuk mengetahui pendapatan yang diperoleh dari usaha agroindustri tortila pada Kelompok Tani Basam Tasa di Kecamatan Insana Barat Kabupaten Timor Tengah Utara. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Untuk menjawab tujuan pertama dan kedua digunakan metode deskriptif dan pendapatan, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan : 1) Dalam proses pengolahan tortila, tahapannya: a.) Jagung yang digunakan adalah jagung kuning yang sudah dijemur kering. b) Jagung yang telah ditumbuk, dicuci kemudian dimasak. c). Jagung yang telah masak digiling dengan menggunakan blender sampai halus. d. Pencetakan dilakukan saat adonan yang dikukus sudah berubah warna. e) adonan yang telah dicetak dijemur sampai setengah kering, lalu dipotong persegi panjang dan di jemur lagi sampai kering. f). Tortila yang sudah kering dikemas untuk di jual. 2) Berdasarkan analisis pendapatan dapat diketahui bahwa: Produksi tortila adalah jumlah fisik tortila yang dihasilkan mencapai 2790 bungkus dengan rata-rata produksi yang diperoleh mencapai 174,375 bungkus bahan baku yakni jagung sebanyak 557 kg. Rata-rata penerimaan Rp.1.064.250 dengan variasi penerimaan tertinggi adaalah Rp.1.290.000 dan penerimaan terendah Rp. 900.000. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa rata-rata pendapatan adalah Rp.556.938/responden/bulan dengan variasi pendapatan tertinggi adalah Rp.640.000 dan pendapatan terendah adalah Rp.384.500. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh Agrimor.
Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Usahatani Kacang Hijau di Desa Tunabesi Kecamatan Io Kufeu Kabupaten Malaka
Authors: Moy Esterlina , Fallo Yosefina Marice , Falo Marsianus
Published: November 2018

Io kufeu adalah salah satu kecamatan di kabupaten Malaka yang sebagian besar masyarakatnya melakukan usahatani kacang hijau. Salah satu faktor yang menentukan keuntungan ekonomis suatu usahatani adalah jumlah produksi usahatani tersebut, sementara produksi itu sendiri dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi sebuah usahatani sangat penting untuk diteliti agar diketahui bagaimana kontribusi setiap faktor terhadap produksi usahatani tersebut, sekaligus menjadi dasar bagi petani agar menjaga efisiensi pemanfaatan dari setiap faktor produksi serta sebagai input pengambilan keputusan dalam pengembangan usahatani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi kacang hijau di desa Tunabesi, kecamatan Io kufeu, kabupaten Malaka. Penelitian dilaksanakan di desa Tunabesi, Kecamatan Io Kufeu, kabupaten Malaka, pada Bulan Februari sampai Juni 2016. Populasi berjumlah 554 orang dengan sampel sebanyak 51 orang. Data yang diperoleh dikumpulkan kemudian ditabulasi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebesar 82,3% produksi usahatani kacang hijau dipengaruhi oleh luas lahan, benih, curahan tenaga kerja, tingkat pendidikan, dan pengalaman secara bersama-sama sedangkan sisanya 17,7% adalah variabel lain. Secara parsial hanya variabel benih dan pengalaman petani yang berpengaruh terhadap produksi kacang hijau sedangkan luas lahan, curahan tenaga kerja dan tingkat pendidikan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap produksi usahatani kacang hijau. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Agrimor.
Identifikasi Ciri Eksterior Ternak Babi Jantan pada Peternakan Rakyat di Kecamatan Atambua Selatan Kabupaten Belu
Authors: Maikameng Nonia A. , Beyleto Veronika Yuneriati
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Atambua Selatan Kabupaten Belu dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui ciri eksterior ternak babi jantan yang ada pada wilayah ini dengan melihat pada variabel 1) warna bulu; 2) bobot badan; 3) panjang telinga; 4) panjang badan; 5) lingkar dada; dan 6) tinggi pundak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa warna bulu ternak babi jantan lokal di Kecamatan Atambua Selatan pada umumnya memiliki warna bulu tebal yang berwarna hitam pekat dan tebal di seluruh tubuh ternak, sebagian pula memiliki warna bercak putih-hitam, kecokelatan bercak hitam-putih, dan warna hitam yang menjadi dominan sehingga warna hitam dan bulu agak kasar menjadi karakteristik ternak babi jantan lokal, sedangkan pengukuran sifat kuantitatif pada babi lokal jantan menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata dari bobot badan jantan anak 7,66 kg, jantan muda 28,59 kg, dan jantan dewasa 111,00 kg, pajang telinga jantan anak 8,26 cm, jantan muda 11,42 cm dan jantan dewasa 20,44 cm, panjang badan jantan anak 36,30 cm, jantan muda 46,52 cm, dan jantan dewasa 107,67 cm, lingkar dada jantan anak 36,30 cm, jantan muda 46,56 cm, jantan dewasa 94,91 cm dan tinggi pundak jantan anak 28,84 cm, jantan muda 36,36 cm, jantan dewasa 62,71 cm. Hasil pengukuran sifat kuantitatif pada ternak babi jantan peranakan VDL menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata bobot badan adalah jantan anak 11,79 kg, jantan muda 78,31 kg dan jantan dewasa adalah 131,60 kg, panjang telinga jantan anak 10,69 cm, jantan muda 12,79 cm, dan jantan dewasa 21,61 cm, panjang badan jantan anak 32,23 cm, jantan muda 63,21 cm, dan jantan dewasa 108,94 cm, lingkar dada jantan anak 42,83 cm, jantan muda 59,88 cm dan jantan dewasa 103,13 cm, tinggi pundak jantan anak 30,74 cm, jantan muda 51,27 cm dan jantan dewasa 71,84 cm. ©2016 dipublikasikan oleh JAS.
Pengaruh Lama Perendaman Air Kelapa dan Frekuensi Penyemprotan Urin Sapi terhadap Pertumbuhan Bibit Pinang (Areca catechu L.)
Authors: Nainahas Kristina Igniosa , Taolin Roberto I. C. O.
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman air kelapa dan frekuensi penyemprotan urin sapi terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pinang serta mengetahui pengaruh lama perendaman air kelapa dan frekuensi penyemprotan urin sapi yang tepat untuk pertumbuhan bibit pinang yang optimum. Percobaan lapangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pengaruh lama perendaman air kelapa yang terdiri dari empat aras yaitu tanpa perendaman, 3 jam, 6 jam dan 9 jam. Faktor kedua adalah frekuensi penyemprotan urin sapi yang terdiri dari empat aras yaitu tanpa penyemprotan, satu kali, dua kali dan tiga kali. Hasil penelitian menunjukan tidak terjadi pengaruh interaksi antara lama perendaman dan frekuensi penyemprotan pada semua parameter. Lama perendaman dalam air kelapa tidak berpengaruh nyata pada semua parameter sedangkan frekuensi penyemprotan urin sapi juga hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman 30 HST. Perendaman dalam air kelapa selama enam jam lebih baik bagi pertumbuhan bibit pinang, sedangkan penyemprotan urin sapi memberikan dampak negatif terhadap pertumbuhan bibit pinang. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Profil Cuaca dan Parameter Nisbah Bowen di Areal Persawahan Kabupaten Indramayu Saat Periode Kering Musim Tanam II
Authors: Taolin Roberto I. C. O. , Impron Impron , Hidayati Rini , Budianto Bregas
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil cuaca serta semua komponen yang mempengaruhi neraca energi selama periode kering musim tanam II yang terjadi di areal persawahan Kabupaten Indramayu, dilaksanakan bulan Juni hingga September 2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fluktuasi cuaca harian dan parameter Nisbah Bowen umumnya mengikuti penerimaan radiasi neto sesuai karakter masing-masing seperti suhu, gradien suhu bola kering, kecepatan angin, limpahan bahang tanah dan limpahan bahang laten yang meningkat selama siang hari dan menurun kembali menjelang sore hari. Sebaliknya, gradien suhu bola basah, kelembaban dan tekanan udara, menurun selama siang hari dan kembali meningkat menjelang sore hari. Rata-rata harian unsur cuaca dan parameter bowen antara lain radiasi neto 241 W m-2, suhu udara 28,3 oC, kelembaban relatif 66%, tekanan udara 101 kPa, limpahan bahang tanah 8,1 W m-2, nisbah bowen 0,16, limpahan bahang laten 172,9 W m-2. Radiasi neto yang diterima permukaan selama penelitian relatif konstan antara 183 W m-2 sampai 268 W m-2 dengan rata-rata 231 W m-2, suhu udara rata-rata 29,4 oC. Kelembaban relatif berkisar antara 45% hingga 67% dengan rata-rata 59%, sedangkan tekanan udara rata-rata 101 kPa. Angin bertiup lebih banyak ke arah tenggara (138,4 o) dengan kecepatan rata-rata 0,9 m s-1. Limpahan bahang tanah berkisar antara 4,7 W m-2 sampai 14,6 W m-2 dengan rata-rata 7,9 W m-2 sedangkan Nisbah Bowen berkisar antara 0,02 sampai 0,22 dengan rata-rata 0.10. Limpahan bahang laten berbanding lurus terhadap penerimaan radiasi neto dengan nilai berkisar antara 134,4 W m-2 sampai 226,5 W m-2 dengan rata-rata 184 W m-2. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Pertumbuhan Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, dan Eurotium chevalieri pada Berbagai Media
Authors: Fallo Gergonius
Published: November 2018

Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, dan Eurotium chevalieri merupakan cendawan perusak bahan pangan yang ditemukan pada saat bahan pangan belum dipanen atau setelah bahan pangan dipanen. Pertumbuhan ketiga cendawan ini sangat dipengaruhi oleh nutrisi yang terkandung pada media tumbuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan Fusarium verticillioides, Aspergillus flavus, dan Eurotium chevalieri pada beberapa media untuk isolasi dan identifikasi. Ketiga cendawan tersebut ditumbuhkan pada media yang berbeda yaitu Chloramphenicol Peptone Agar (DCPA), Dichloran 18% Glycerol Agar (DG18), Czapek Yeast Extract Agar (CYA), Czapek Yeast Extract Agar 20% Sucrose (CY20S), Malt Extract Agar (MEA), dan 25% Glycerol Nitrate Agar (G25N) dan diinkubasi pada suhu + 280C. Pengamatan koloni dilakukan setiap 2 x 24 jam, 4 x 24 jam, dan 6 x 24 jam selanjutnya diameter isolat diukur. Hasil isolasi pertumbuhan dan panjang diameter koloni dari A. Flavus (61 mm) dan E. Chevalieri (45mm) diketahui dapat tumbuh baik pada media DG18, sedangkan F. verticillioides (46 mm) tumbuh baik di media DCPA. Sementara pada media identifikasi A. Flavus (80 mm) dapat tumbuh baik pada media CY20S, sedangkan E. Chevalieri (40 mm) dapat tumbuh baik pada media G25N dan CY20S. Koloni F. verticillioides (62 mm) dapat tumbuh baik di media CYA dan CY20S. ©2017 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Efek Model Tumpangsari dan Pengaturan Barisan Jagung terhadap Evaluasi Keuntungan Hasil Jagung dan Kacang Nasi Kultivar Lokal Timor dalam Tumpangsari
Authors: Ceunfin Syprianus
Published: November 2018

Menurunnya produksi hasil pertanian saat ini menjadi salah satu tantangan bagi peneliti-peneliti pertanian karena lahan pertanian semakin sempit serta tingginya luas lahan tidur. Salah satu cara tepat meningkatkan produksi lahan dan tanaman adalah dengan memanfaatkan ruang antara tanaman baik pada tanaman semusim maupun tanaman umur panjang. Salah satu ruang yang memungkinkan untuk membudidayakan tanaman kacang nasi adalah sela antar tanaman jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek model tumpangsari dan pengaturan barisan tanam jagung terhadap hasil dan evaluasi keuntungan hasil jagung dan kacang nasi kultivar lokal Timor dalam sistem tumpangsari. Perlakuan dirancang dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) Faktorial 3×2+kontrol dan diulang 3 kali, faktor pertama adalah model tumpang sari yang terdiri dari tiga aras yaitu tumpangsari sela; dan tumpangsari Salome (model Timor ); tumpangsari gabungan dan faktor kedua adalah pengaturan barisan tanam jagung: Single Row; Doblerow. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat biji jagung per petak (t/ha), berat biji kacang nasi per petak (t/ha), total LER, total ATER, Agresivitas tanaman, Rasio Kompetisi tanaman. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Anova Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan pada taraf α 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi interaksi terhadap berat kering biji jagung per petak, total LER, total ATER, dan rasio kompetisi jagung. Tumpangsari memberikan hasil ≥1, yang berarti menguntungkan pada perlakuan model tumpangsari maupun pada pengaturan barisan tanaman.. ©2018 dipublikasikan oleh Savana Cendana.
Analisis Struktur Anatomi Batang Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) dan Kontribusinya Terhadap Sistematik Ordo Caryophyllales
Authors: Bria Emilia Juliyanti
Published: November 2018

Ordo Caryophyllales dikenal sebagai takson yang memiliki pertumbuhan sekunder anomaly. Anatomi batang Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) dianalisis untuk mendapatkan data yang valid pada hubungan kekerabatan dengan anggota family yang lain. Struktur primer batangnya terdiri dari epidermis yang tersusun dari selapis sel; korteks dan empulur tersusun dari sel-sel parenkim dan memiliki ruang antarsel; dan jaringan pembuluh primer yang tersusun membentuk jari – jari terdiri atas beberapa trachea xilem, dimana xilem terletak di bagian dalam dan floem di bagian luar. Selanjutnya, pada pertumbuhan sekunder, batangnya memiliki struktur yang normal dengan aktivitas kambium yang tidak normal. Hal ini termasuk dalam ciri tumbuhan yang memiliki pertumbuhan sekunder anomali. Hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan karakter pembatas untuk memperkuat hubungan kekerabatan antar takson khususnya pada kategori yang lebih tinggi.
Iterative Identification for Multivariable Systems with Time-Delays Based on Basis Pursuit De-Noising and Auxiliary Model
Authors: You Junyao , Liu Yanjun
Published: November 2018

This paper focuses on the joint estimation of parameters and time-delays of the multiple-input single-output output-error systems. Since the time-delays are unknown, an effective identification model with a high dimensional and sparse parameter vector is established based on overparameterization. Then, the identification problem is converted to a sparse optimization problem. Based on the basis pursuit de-noising criterion and the auxiliary model identification idea, an auxiliary model based basis pursuit de-noising iterative algorithm is presented. The parameters are estimated by solving a quadratic program, and the unavailable terms in the information vector are updated by the auxiliary model outputs iteratively. The time-delays are estimated according to the sparse structure of the parameter vector. The proposed method can obtain effective estimates of the parameters and time-delays from few sampled data. The simulation results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Monitoring of Pesticides in the Cultivation of Nopal Vegetable (Opuntia ficus-indica (L.)) Mill, Morelos, México
Authors: Ramírez-Bustos Irene Iliana , López-Martínez Víctor , Juarez-Lopez Porfirio , Alía-Tejacal Irán , Guillén-Sánchez Dagoberto , Saldarriaga-Noreña Hugo , León-Rivera Ismael
Published: November 2018

The presence of pesticide residues in vegetable and fruit products, as a consequence of inappropriate application in some cases, constitutes a risk to the health of the exposed population. In Mexico, the official norm, NOM-003-STPS-1999, only allows the use of pesticides with the phytosanitary registry, the responsible state commission for the control of the process and use of pesticides and toxic substances, which recommends doses and permitted crops. Despite the above, it is still common to find pesticide residues in some vegetable products. In this study, the following were detected: Chlorpyriphos, Dimetomorph I, Malathion, Omethoate, Carbendazim, and Imidacloprid in Nopal. The study was carried out in two collection centers located in the state of Morelos. In total, sixty samples were taken, thirty for each collection center, for a period of 10 months. To determine the pesticide residues, the analytical methodology was used, according to the guide, SANTE/11945/2015; in a laboratory accredited by the Mexican Accreditation Entity A. C. in the norm, NMX-EC-17025-IMNC-2006. The procedure for extracting analytes was carried out using the method, QuEChERS. The highest concentration of the pesticides detected in the samples obtained from the non-Certified Supply Center were Chlorpyrifos 0.309 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), Dimetomorf I 0.029 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), Malathion 0.155 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), Omethoate 0.032 (MRL 0.01), Carbendazim 0.090 mg/kg (MRL 0.01), and Imidacloprid 0.058 mg/kg (MRL 0.01). Thirty percent of the samples analyzed showed pesticide residues; the most frequent were Carbendazim. The results for the estimated daily intake (EDI) oscillated between 6.5 × 10−5 and 1.3 × 10−4 mg/kg body weight for the vegetable, Nopal. In principle, it could be concluded that the consumption of Nopal with pesticide residues does not represent any toxicological risk for human health, however, the risk cannot be ruled out due to the intake of other vegetables and fruits that are cultivated in the Mexican Republic, which probably present pesticide residues, which together would raise potential risks to human health.
The Status of Pet Rabbit Breeding and Online Sales in the UK: A Glimpse into an Otherwise Elusive Industry
Authors: Gosling Emma M. , Vázquez-Diosdado Jorge A. , Harvey Naomi D.
Published: November 2018

Conditions of pet rabbit breeding colonies and breeder practices are undocumented and very little is known about the pet rabbit sales market. Here, multiple methods were employed to investigate this sector of the UK pet industry. A freedom of information request sent to 10% of councils revealed confusion and inconsistency in licensing conditions. Data from 1-month of online sale adverts (3446) identified 646 self-declared breeders, of which 1.08% were licensed. Further, despite veterinary advice to vaccinate rabbits from five weeks, only 16.7% rabbits were vaccinated and 9.2% of adult rabbits were neutered. Thirty-three breeders completed a questionnaire of which 51.5% provided smaller housing than recommended, the majority housed rabbits singly and bucks were identified as most at risk of compromised welfare. However, most breeders provided enrichment and gave a diet compliant with recommended guidelines. Mini-lops and Netherland dwarfs were the most commonly sold breeds, both of which are brachycephalic, which can compromise their health and wellbeing. From sales data extrapolation, we estimate that 254,804 rabbits are purposefully bred for the UK online pet sales market each year. This data is the first of its kind and highlights welfare concerns within the pet rabbit breeding sector, which is unregulated and difficult to access.
A Space-Variant Deblur Method for Focal-Plane Microwave Imaging
Authors: Luan Shenshen , Xie Shuguo , Wang Tianheng , Hao Xuchun , Yang Meiling , Li Yuanyuan
Published: November 2018

In the research of passive millimetre wave (PMMW) imaging, the focal plane array (FPA) can realize fast, wide-range imaging and detection. However, it has suffered from a limited aperture and off-axis aberration. Thus, the result of FPA is usually blurred by space-variant point spread function (SVPSF) and is hard to restore. In this paper, a polar-coordinate point spread function (PCPSF) model is presented to describe the circle symmetric characteristic of space-variant blur, and a log-polar-coordinate transformation (LPCT) method is propagated as the pre-processing step before the Lucy–Richardson algorithm to eliminate the space variance of blur. Compared with the traditional image deblur method, LPCT solves the problem by analyzing the physical model instead of the approximating it, which has proved to be a feasible way to deblur the FPA imaging system.
Stop Band Continuous Profile Filter in Empty Substrate Integrated Coaxial Line
Authors: Gómez Darío , Esteban Héctor , Belenguer Angel , Boria Vicente E. , Borja Alejandro L.
Published: November 2018

Substrate integrated waveguides reduce the losses and increase the quality factor of resonators in communication filters when compared with traditional planar technologies, while maintaining their low-cost and low-profile characteristics. Empty substrate integrated waveguides go one step further, removing the dielectric of the substrate. One of these transmission lines is the empty substrate integrated coaxial line (ESICL), which has the advantage of being a two-conductor structure. Thus, it propagates a transversal electric and magnetic (TEM) mode, which reduces the dispersion and the bandwidth limitation of other one conductor empty substrate integrated waveguides. Continuous profile filters, at the cost of being long structures, are very easy to manufacture and design (usually no optimization is needed), and they are highly insensitive to manufacturing tolerances. In this work, a simple continuous profile filter, with a stop band response, is designed for the first time using novel ESICL technology. The influence of the design parameters on the insertion losses and fractional bandwidth is discussed. A prototype has been successfully manufactured and measured. A sensitivity analysis shows the high tolerance of the proposed stop band filter to manufacturing errors.
Applying the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) Cycle to Reduce the Defects in the Manufacturing Industry. A Case Study
Authors: Realyvásquez-Vargas Arturo , Arredondo-Soto Karina Cecilia , Carrillo-Gutiérrez Teresa , Ravelo Gustavo
Published: November 2018

Defects are considered as one of the wastes in manufacturing systems that negatively affect the delivery times, cost and quality of products leading to manufacturing companies facing a critical situation with the customers and to not comply with the IPC-A-610E standard for the acceptability of electronic components. This is the case is a manufacturing company located in Tijuana, Mexico. Due to an increasing demand on the products manufactured by this company, several defects have been detected in the welding process of electronic boards, as well as in the components named Thru-Holes. It is for this reason that this paper presents a lean manufacturing application case study. The objective of this research is to reduce at least 20% the defects that are generated during the welding process. In addition, it is intended to increase 20% the capacity of three double production lines where electronic boards are processed. As method, the Plan-Do-Check-Act (PDCA) cycle, is applied. The Pareto charts and the flowchart are used as support tools. As results, defects decreased 65%, 79%, and 77% in three analyzed product models. As conclusion, the PDCA cycle, the Pareto charts, and the flowchart are excellent quality tools that help to decrease the number of defective components.
Houses and Daily Life in Islamic Portugal (12th–13th Century): Mértola in the Context of Gharb
Authors: Macias Santiago
Published: November 2018

This is an overview of the houses in southern Portugal, at the final stages of the Islamic period, using Mértola as the case study. Recent archaeological works, performed in different places, give us information on the houses’ organization, as well on the daily life of the population. Alimentary habits have been disclosed through a series of analyses.
Genome Editing in Model Strain Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 by a Site-Specific Cre/loxP Recombination System
Authors: Yang Ying-Jie , Singh Raghvendra Pratap , Lan Xin , Zhang Cheng-Sheng , Li Yue-Zhong , Li Yi-Qiang , Sheng Duo-Hong
Published: November 2018

Myxococcus xanthus DK1622 is a rich source of novel secondary metabolites, and it is often used as an expression host of exogenous biosynthetic gene clusters. However, the frequency of obtaining large genome-deletion variants by using traditional strategies is low, and progenies generated by homologous recombination contain irregular deletions. The present study aims to develop an efficient genome-engineering system for this bacterium based on the Cre/loxP system. We first verified the functionality of the native cre system that was integrated into the chromosome with an inducible promoter PcuoA. Then we assayed the deletion frequency of 8-bp-spacer-sequence mutants in loxP by Cre recombinase which was expressed by suicide vector pBJ113 or self-replicative vector pZJY41. It was found that higher guanine content in a spacer sequence had higher deletion frequency, and the self-replicative vector was more suitable for the Cre/loxP system, probably due to the leaky expression of inducible promoter PcuoA. We also inspected the effects of different antibiotics and the native or synthetic cre gene. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequencing of new genome joints confirmed that the Cre/loxP system was able to delete a 466 kb fragment in M. xanthus. This Cre/loxP-mediated recombination could serve as an alternative genetic manipulation method.
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-2-((diethylamino)methyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate) Environmental Functional Copolymers: Synthesis, Characterizations, and Grafting with Amino Acids
Authors: Abdelaty Momen S. A.
Published: November 2018

Vanillin was used to synthesize a new derivative with an active aldehyde group and response to pH. It is named 2-((diethylamino) methyl)-4-formyl-6-methoxyphenyl acrylate, abbreviated to DEAMVA. The chemical structures were evaluated by 1H, 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR), and UV-Vis-spectroscopy, and all results demonstrated good statement. In order to achieve the dual responsive behavior thermo-pH with functionality, free radical polymerization of N-isopropylacrylamide with DEAMVA in different molar ratios (5, 10, 15 mol%) has been used, with azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator. The chemical structure of the polymers was investigated by 1H NMR and IR. The dual responsive functional copolymer was exposed to a grafted process with tryptophan and tyrosine, both of which were also evaluated by 1HNMR and IR. Copolymers before and after grafting were physically investigated by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) for estimation of the molecular weight, the glass transition temperature by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) for the surface morphology. The phase separation or lower critical solution temperature (LCST) (Tc) of the polymer solution was determined not only by a turbidity method using the change in the transmittance with temperature, but also by micro-DSC. The conversion to an amino acid-grafted polymer was detected through Beer’s law for the absorption of the –CH=N- imine group by UV-Vis-Spectroscopy.
Design for Deconstruction in the Design Process: State of the Art
Authors: Kanters Jouri
Published: November 2018

Stricter building regulations have resulted in the construction of buildings with a low energy use during the operation phase. It has now become increasingly important to also look at the embodied energy, because it might, over the lifespan of the building, equal the energy used for operating the building. One way to decrease the embodied energy is to reuse building materials and components or to prepare the building for deconstruction; a term called design for deconstruction (DfD). While design for deconstruction has showed environmental, social, and economic benefits, hardly any building designed and built today is designed for deconstruction. The aim of this literature review is to understand the state-of-art of design for deconstruction and how it affects the design process. In most of the literature, general construction principles are specified that promote the design for deconstruction and focus on (a) the overall building design, (b) materials and connections, (c) construction and deconstruction phase, and (d) communication, competence, and knowledge. Furthermore, the reuse potential of specific building materials is discussed, as well as the available tools for DfD. Additionally, the current barriers for DfD as specified by the literature show lack of competence, regulations, and other related elements.
Thermo-Catalytic Treatment of Vapors in the Recycling Process of Carbon Fiber-Poly (Benzoxazine) Composite Waste by Pyrolysis
Authors: Gastelu Naia , Lopez-Urionabarrenechea Alexander , Solar Jon , Acha Esther , Caballero Blanca María , López Félix A. , De Marco Isabel
Published: November 2018

Recycling carbon fiber from residual carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) is one of the key aspects of the future in the field of waste management. This work presents the possibility of recovering chemical compounds through the thermo-catalytic treatment of the gases and vapors produced from the decomposition of the polymeric resin that takes place in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis. A lab-scale installation consisting of two reactors placed in series has been used for the experiments. In the first reactor, pyrolysis of poly(benzoxazine)-based composite waste has been carried out at 500 °C. In the second reactor, the thermo-catalytic treatment of gases and vapors has been performed at 900 °C in the presence of a commercial and a lab-prepared reforming catalyst. The thermal treatment of gases and vapors leads to a significant reduction in the collected liquids and a H2-rich gas fraction. When reforming catalysts are used, the organic fraction of the liquids is virtually eliminated and gas fractions containing more than 50% H2 in volume are generated. The results obtained show that it is possible to valorize the material content of the polymer resin, which represents an important advance in the recycling of CFRP by pyrolysis.
Sub-Pilot-Scale Autocatalytic Pyrolysis of Wastewater Biosolids for Enhanced Energy Recovery
Authors: Liu Zhongzhe , Singer Simcha , Zitomer Daniel , McNamara Patrick
Published: November 2018

Improving onsite energy generation and recovering value-added products are common goals for sustainable used water reclamation. A new process called autocatalytic pyrolysis was developed at bench scale in our previous work by using biochar produced from the biosolids pyrolysis process itself as the catalyst to enhance energy recovery from wastewater biosolids. The large-scale investigation of this process was used to increase the technical readiness level. A sub-pilot-scale catalytic pyrolytic system was constructed for this scaled-up study. The effects of configuration changes in both pyrolytic and catalytic reactors were investigated as well as the effect of vapor-catalyst contact types (i.e., downstream, in-situ) on product yield and quality. The sub-pilot-scale test with downstream catalysis resulted in higher py-gas yields and lower bio-oil yields when compared to results from a previous batch, bench-scale process. In particular, the py-gas yields increased 2.5-fold and the energy contained in the py-gas approximately quadrupled compared to the control test without autocatalysis. Biochar addition to the feed biosolids before pyrolysis (in-situ catalysis) resulted in increased py-gas production, but the increase was limited. It was expected that using a higher input pyrolyzer with a better mixing condition would further improve the py-gas yield.
Processing of Macroporous Alumina Ceramics Using Pre-Expanded Polymer Microspheres as Sacrificial Template
Authors: Ciurans Oset Marina , Nordin Jan , Akhtar Farid
Published: November 2018

Shaped porous ceramics have proven to be the most adapted materials for several industrial applications, both at low and high temperatures. Recent research has been focused on developing shaping techniques, allowing for a better control over the total porosity and the pores characteristics. In this study, macroporous alumina foams were fabricated by gel-casting using pre-expanded polymeric microspheres with average sizes of 40 μm, 20 μm, and 12 μm as sacrificial templates. The gel-casting method, as well as the drying, debinding, and presintering conditions were investigated and optimized to process mechanically strong and highly porous alumina scaffolds. Furthermore, a reliable model relating the amount of pre-expanded polymeric microspheres and the total porosity of the presintered foams was developed and validated by mercury intrusion porosimetry measurements. The electron microscopy investigation of the presintered foams revealed that the size distribution and the shape of the pores could be tailored by controlling the particle size distribution and the shape of the wet pre-expanded microspheres. Highly uniform and mechanically stable alumina foams with bimodal porosity ranging from 65.7 to 80.2 vol. % were processed, achieving compressive strengths from 3.3 MPa to 43.6 MPa. Given the relatively open pore structure, the pore size distribution, the presintered mechanical strength, and the high porosity achieved, the produced alumina foams could potentially be used as support structures for separation, catalytic, and filtration applications.
Microstructure and Corrosion Resistance of WC-Based Cermet/Fe-Based Amorphous Alloy Composite Coatings
Authors: Xu Liping , Song Jinbing , Zhang Xiaofeng , Deng Changguang , Liu Min , Zhou Kesong
Published: November 2018

There is an urgent need to improve the corrosion resistance of WC-based cermet coatings in different corrosive environments. The main objective of this work was to investigate the microstructure and evaluate the corrosion resistance in neutral, acidic, and alkaline electrolytes of the WC-based cermet/Fe-based amorphous alloy composite coating. Thus, a composite coating of WC–CoCr/Fe-based amorphous alloy and a single WC–CoCr coating were fabricated using the high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) process. The phase composition, microstructure of the original powders, and as-sprayed coatings were studied. The detailed interface information between different compositions of the composite coating was observed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The corrosion resistance of the coatings was studied comparatively by electrochemical tests in 3.5 wt % NaCl, 1 M HCl and 1 M NaOH solutions, respectively. Results showed that the composited coating had a dense layered structure with a composition of WC, Fe-based amorphous alloy, and small amount of W2C. It was revealed that obvious inter-diffusion exists between the interfaces of tungsten carbide/Co, Cr binder and WC–CoCr/Fe-based amorphous alloy. The electrochemical test results showed that the composite coating displayed better corrosion resistance than single WC–CoCr coating both in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution and in 1 M NaOH solution.
Negative Energy Antiferromagnetic Instantons Forming Cooper-Pairing ‘Glue’ and ‘Hidden Order’ in High-Tc Cuprates
Authors: Mukhin Sergei
Published: November 2018

An emergence of magnetic boson of instantonic nature, that provides a Cooper-‘pairing glue’, is considered in the repulsive ‘nested’ Hubbard model of superconducting cuprates. It is demonstrated that antiferromagnetic instantons of a spin density wave type may have negative energy due to coupling with Cooper pair condensate. A set of Eliashberg like equations is derived and solved self-consistently, proving the above suggestion. An instantonic propagator plays the role of the Green function of the pairing ‘glue’ boson. Simultaneously, the instantons defy condensation of the mean-field spin-density wave (SDW) order. We had previously demonstrated in analytical form that periodic chain of instanton-anti-instanton pairs along the axis of Matsubara time has zero scattering cross section for weakly perturbing external probes, like neutrons, etc., thus representing a ‘hidden order’. Hence, the two competing orders, superconducting and antiferromagnetic, may coexist (below some T c ) in the form of the superconducting order coupled to ‘hidden’ instantonic one. This new picture is discussed in relation with the mechanism of high temperature superconductivity.
Non-Local Game of Life in 2D Quasicrystals
Authors: Fang Fang , Paduroiu Sinziana , Hammock Dugan , Irwin Klee
Published: November 2018

On a two-dimensional quasicrystal, a Penrose tiling, we simulate for the first time a game of life dynamics governed by non-local rules. Quasicrystals have inherently non-local order since any local patch, the emperor, forces the existence of a large number of tiles at all distances, the empires. Considering the emperor and its local patch as a quasiparticle, in this case a glider, its empire represents its field and the interaction between quasiparticles can be modeled as the interaction between their empires. Following a set of rules, we model the walk of life in different setups and we present examples of self-interaction and two-particle interactions in several scenarios. This dynamic is influenced by both higher dimensional representations and local choice of hinge variables. We discuss our results in the broader context of particle physics and quantum field theory, as a first step in building a geometrical model that bridges together higher dimensional representations, quasicrystals and fundamental particles interactions.
Fabrication of GaOx Confinement Structure for InGaN Light Emitter Applications
Authors: Chen Yi-Yun , Jhang Yuan-Chang , Wu Chia-Jung , Chen Hsiang , Lin Yung-Sen , Lin Chia-Feng
Published: November 2018

An indium gallium nitride (InGaN) light-emitting diode (LED) with an embedded porous GaN reflector and a current confined aperture is presented in this study. Eight pairs of n+-GaN:Si/GaN in stacked structure are transformed into a conductive, porous GaN/GaN reflector through an electrochemical wet-etching process. Porous GaN layers surrounding the mesa region were transformed into insulating GaOx layers in a reflector structure through a lateral photoelectrochemical (PEC) oxidation process. The electroluminescence emission intensity was localized at the central mesa region by forming the insulating GaOx layers in a reflector structure as a current confinement aperture structure. The PEC-LED structure with a porous GaN reflector and a current-confined aperture surrounded by insulating GaOx layers has the potential for nitride-based resonance cavity light source applications.
Estimation of Economic Indicator Announced by Government From Social Big Data
Authors: Yamada Kenta , Takayasu Hideki , Takayasu Misako
Published: November 2018

We introduce a systematic method to estimate an economic indicator from the Japanese government by analyzing big Japanese blog data. Explanatory variables are monthly word frequencies. We adopt 1352 words in the section of economics and industry of the Nikkei thesaurus for each candidate word to illustrate the economic index. From this large volume of words, our method automatically selects the words which have strong correlation with the economic indicator and resolves some difficulties in statistics such as the spurious correlation and overfitting. As a result, our model reasonably illustrates the real economy index. The announcement of an economic index from government usually has a time lag, while our proposed method can be real time.