bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modal-based nonlinear optimization algorithm for wavefront measurement with under-sampled data
Authors: Zhao Lei , Bai Jian , Hao Yan , Jing Hou , Wang Chen , Lu Binjie , Liang Yiyong , Wang Kaiwei
Published: August 2020

The aliasing effect in the discrete Fourier transform inherent will impose a serious detrimental effect on conventional phase retrieval measurement accuracy with under-sampled intensity. In this Letter, we describe a modal-based nonlinear optimization phase retrieval approach that is capable of retrieving wavefront measurements using under-sampled intensities. The extended Nijboer–Zernike theory is introduced to establish an analytic solution between wavefront phase and intensity image, and then nonlinear optimization is further utilized to solve wavefront aberration coefficients from under-sampled intensity data. The feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm are verified by simulations and experiments. This is a promising method that is especially suitable for full field phase recovery of optical systems with a relatively high numerical aperture.
Splitting the bandwidth of a frustrated total internal reflection filter with nanoparticle inclusions
Authors: Petrov Nikolai I.
Published: August 2020

The frustrated total internal reflection (FTIR) spatial-frequency thin-film filter with metamaterial inclusions operating in a visible spectral range is investigated. Influence of nanoparticles embedded into a resonator layer is analyzed taking into account the frequency dispersion. Narrow band spectral lines and highly directional transmitted light beams for s- and p- polarizations are demonstrated at different values of refractive indices and thicknesses of layers. It is shown that the dispersion causes splitting of the filter bandwidth and spatial splitting of incidence beam into three angularly separated output beams. The type of thin-film filter considered should be useful in many applications, such as high-resolution spectroscopy and color imaging systems.
Rich relations: The evolution and uneasy symbiosis of art and fashion
Authors: O’Connell Mark
Published: August 2020

From its earliest roots, art was used to codify and communicate what is fashionable, powerful and luxurious. Recently, however, through institutional mega art projects like the Fondation LV and the Fondazione Prada, fashion seeks not just to legitimize itself, but to position itself as patron-cum-collaborator. Up until now the art world has been happy to take the money, but has been ambivalent towards the commercialization that co-branding brings. However, the highest grossing exhibits at hallowed cultural institutions – like the McQueen retrospective at the Met – have been fashion based. It seems, as of late, the fashion industry has gone past sponsorship and now seems to be colonizing the environs of the art world itself. These new imbrications hold significance for a broad range of related topics such as creative appropriation, feminist theory, and issues of gendered representation and power. As such, the politics of criteria for inclusion and collection must now become a necessary aspect of the dialogue within fashion, art and museum studies, and the thinking that situates them as discrete entities that exist within autonomous domains irrelative to each other also needs to be challenged. This article explores the cartography between autonomous art culture, fashion marketing, and fashion exhibition, and the increased blurring of their overlapping borders. It also looks at the commercialization of the museum and fine art institutional domain.
De onde vieram e onde estão os egressos do programa de pós-graduação em educação ambiental da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande – PPGEA-FURG
Authors: Krug Luiz Carlos , Kitzmann Dione Iara Silveira
Published: August 2020

O objetivo foi identificar, analisar, compreender e descrever a área geográfica de abrangência do PPGEA-FURG, tomando como referência a origem e o local de atuação dos egressos. Os dados foram coletados no 1.° trimestre de 2019, no sistema da FURG, Plataforma Lattes, Linkedin e outros. Foram titulados 343 mestres e 104 doutores, 88,63% e 87,50% oriundos de cursos de graduação realizados em Rio Grande e Pelotas, predominando modalidades de Ciências Humanas. Estes municípios são residência de 76,38% dos mestres e 82,69% dos doutores. O processo seletivo ocorre na FURG, dificultando o ingresso de candidatos de outras regiões. A relação do número de formados por orientador é inferior a um, para o que contribui a evasão, que precisa ser investigada.
As canções de Antônio Baiano na promoção da Educação Ambiental: expressão de luta, religiosidade e amor pela natureza
Authors: Vieira Luciene Francisco , Faleiro Wender
Published: August 2020

A Educação Ambiental é um tema amplamente discutido, contudo, muitas vezes, é trabalhada em desacordo com a lei n° 9.795/99, tendo em vista a necessidade de a EA ser realizada de forma politizada e crítica, para que o aluno vá além da sala de aula e coloque em prática o que foi aprendido. Assim, neste estudo qualitativo apresentamos a análise de 29 letras das canções do compositor e cantor popular Antônio Baiano, demonstrando como o discurso do eu lírico retrata a luta pela terra, a religiosidade e a defesa da natureza, e possibilita aos professores e formadores de professores a utilização das mesmas na promoção da EA como tema transversal. Partindo do princípio de que a EA é uma questão, também, política e social, e as canções apresentam um discurso consciente, que nos convida a refletir sobre o poder do capitalismo, que reina (e sempre reinou) em nosso país, tornando a nossa sociedade uma sociedade desigual e sofredora.
Experimental and Theoretical Investigation of Microdischarge Plasma in the Vortex Gas Flow
Authors: Chernyak V. , Kolomiiets O. , Prysiazhna O. , Tsimbalyuk O. , Iukhymenko V. , Portnyak B. , Fentisova O. , Nikulin D.
Published: August 2020

Experimental studies of the electrical parameters of the microdischarge and the plasma of the microdischarge in the vortex ﬂow of CO2 as the plasma-forming gas was carried out. The kinetics of the formation of some components of microwave plasma was considered using ZDPlasKin computer code and Bolsig+ at experimentally measured electric ﬁeld strengths, pressure and gas temperature. The key reactions of microdischarge were determined. The Bolsig+ code was used to determine the mean energy of electrons.
Stochiometry Air − CH4 Mixture: Composition, Thermodynamic Propertiess and Transport Coefficients
Authors: Harry Solo A. , Benmouffok M. , Freton P. , Gonzalez J.-J.
Published: August 2020

This work is related to the determination of the local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) data of 90.5% air and 9.5% CH4 mixture. The results of chemical composition, thermodynamic properties and transport coeﬃcients are presented for temperatures (300 K to 30 kK) and pressure (1 and 10 bars) or mass density (0.1481 and 1.111 kg.m−3). The chemical composition is determined using the mass action law. Input data come from the NIST and JANAF sites. For pressure equation, Debye-Huckel’s ﬁrst order and virial’s second order corrections are used in the equation system to take into account the diﬀerent particle interactions. For the considered mixture (90.5% air and 9.5% CH4) the properties are compared to those of pure air.
Are Natural Resources Important Elements in The National Tourism Policy? Examples of European Countries
Authors: MARCZAK Mirosław , BORZYSZKOWSKI Jacek
Published: August 2020

Natural resources constitute an important element of tourism assets and they considerably determine the shape and the level of tourist destination attractiveness. The present article constitutes an attempt made to estimate the significance of such elements in activities undertaken within the framework of tourism policy accepted by particular European countries. Two main research methods are used in the article, namely: a) desk research: based on information collected from reports submitted by particular countries to the European Commission; b) original research with the use of a diagnostic survey method (carried out with a group of 39 European national tourism organisations). As indicated in the article, natural resources constitute a very important element in activities undertaken to create and to develop tourism in the countries analysed. The individual countries certainly appreciate the value of the above-mentioned factors, especially in the context of proper care which needs to be provided to ensure an appropriate use by tourists. The results obtained need to become an important reference point for those decision-makers who are responsible for the development of tourism. They also emphasize the on-going necessity of undertaking activities aim at the protection of natural resources, as viewed from the perspective of the growing interest in tourism.
Application of Telecommunications Technologies in the Management of Territories
Authors: SAVINA Svetlana Vladimirovna , TSVETKOVA Olga Nikolaevna , GALIMOVA Leysan Ismagilovna , AVEZOV Azizullo Habibovich , NAZAROV Abdushukur Abdurahimovich
Published: August 2020

Contemporary management of territories cannot be imagined without the effective use of telecommunications technologies, which create conditions for the systematic and harmonious development of territories, as well as their identification in today’s global digital space. Besides, it should be noted that the existing management systems are largely outdated and ineffective for the modern globally progressive information environment and their full functioning.

Based on the conducted expert survey, the authors identified tasks of implementing telecommunications technologies in the management of rural territories, users of telecommunications technologies used when managing rural territories, opportunities for positioning rural territories through telecommunications technologies, areas for implementing telecommunications technologies in the management of rural territories, as well as presented the experience of the EU countries in the development of rural territories based on the concept of the smart village.
Climate Policy, Winter Season and Impact on Agriculture in the Lerma River Basin of the Mexican Plateau
Authors: BLANCO María del Pilar LONGAR , SANTIAGO Mijael ALTAMIRANO , DE LA TORRE RODRÍGUEZ José Federico , GRANADOS-RAMÍREZ Rebeca
Published: August 2020

Climate has presented variations within time and space. Such alterations are translated in agriculture into a reduction in productivity, and in some cases into total loss of production. The purpose of this work was to interpret and integrate the predominant weather phenomena and the variations of the weather elements, specifically the “frosts”, as indicator for planning, agricultural and livestock development, forestal, and population itself through the interaction that weather has to do with each one of them. This research was held out in the of Lerma River Basin located within the Mexican plateau, which derived from its latitude and altitude conditions, has diverse weather characteristics. The methodology included bibliographic revision, consultation of available cartography, and comparative analysis of meteorological data.
ADIYAMAN CAMİLERİNDE SÜSLEME UNSURU OLARAK "BACİNİ" UYGULAMALARI
Authors: POLAT Turgay , ORHANLI Oktay
Published: August 2020

Kelime anlamıyla bacini hakkında birçok farklı görüş olsa da özellikle sanat tarihi alanında kullanımı bezeme oluşturmak amacıyla yapıların belirli bölgelerine yerleştirilen seramik kaplara denmektedir. Anadolu ve Avrupa coğrafyası içinde farklı dönemlere ait uygulamaları bilinen bu süsleme tekniği Selçuklu döneminde yoğun olarak kullanılmışken Osmanlı döneminde kullanım alanı oldukça daralmıştır. Avrupa’da bilinen örneklerin çoğunluğu Bizans dönemine ait olmakla birlikte az sayıda da olsa İstanbul’da da bilinen örnekleri vardır. Daha çok Yunanistan, Makedonya, İtalya gibi bölgelerdeki Bizans dönemi eserlerinde karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Osmanlı döneminde kullanımı daralsa da özellikle Güneydoğu Anadolu Bölgesinde 18. Yüzyıldan itibaren inşa edilen yapıların minare ve cephelerinde seramik kapların yapılara monte edilerek bezeme oluşturma çabası oldukça önemlidir. Bu bağlamda özellikle Adıyaman’da yer alan yapılarda da benzer süslemelerin görülmesi şaşırtıcı değildir. Konu kapsamında Adıyaman Merkez ve Besni ilçesinde yer alan beş cami örneği incelenmiş ve bünyelerinde bulunan bacini özellikleri hakkında detaylı bilgiler verilmiştir.
Peringatan Dini Tanah Longsor Berdasarkan Kelembaban Tanah Secara Jarak Jauh Menggunakan Sensor FC-28 dan Node MCU
Authors: Setyawan Agus , Suseno Jatmiko Endro , Winesthi Ratna Dewi , Otaviana Sela Ade
Published: August 2020

Tanah longsor merupakan salah satu bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia, terutama di daerah pegunungan, lembah dan perbukitan dengan kondisi lereng yang tidak stabil. Saat musim hujan tiba maka kadar air yang berlebihan mengakibatkan tanah longsor. Bencana tanah longsor dapat menyebabkan banyak kerugian antara lain: kematian, gangguan infrastruktur jalan dan rusaknya lahan pertanian. Hal tersebut dipengaruhi oleh 2 faktor utama yaitu kemiringan lereng dan kelembaban. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan korban jiwa dengan merancang alat pendeteksi peringatan dini bencana tanah longsor menggunakan sensor Soil Moisture FC-28 dan NodeMcu longsor yang terhubung ke android melalui telegram, sms dan buzzer. Sensor soil moisture FC-28 dipakai untuk mendeteksi parameter kelembaban tanah. Pengujian potensi terjadinya tanah longsor didesain dalam 5 variasi kemiringan untuk mendapatkan nilai kembebaban yang bervariasi. Alat dirancang dengan 2 kondisi yaitu status siaga dan bahaya. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi siaga terjadi pada kelembaban antara 27% - 54% dengan kemiringan lereng antara 25o -35o dan kondisi bahaya terjadi saat kelembaban lebih dari 54%. Peringatan dini akan terkirim melalui pesan singkat ada aplikasi telegram messenger saat kondisi status siaga, sedangkan alarm akan berbunyi pada saat status bahaya. Alat ini akan sangat bermanfaat bagi warga yang tinggal didaerah rawan bencana longsor, karena dengan adanya tanda peringatan dini warga diharapkan masih mempunyai waktu untuk menyelamatkan diri sehingga korban jiwa dapat diminimalkan.
Visualizing molecular structures and shapes: a comparison of virtual reality, computer simulation, and traditional modeling
Authors: Brown Corina E. , Alrmuny Dalal , Williams Mia Kim , Whaley Ben , Hyslop Richard M.
Published: August 2020

The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of three methods used to assist in teaching molecular geometry to college chemistry students. A pre- and post-test quasi-experiment was used to collect data about students’ performance in a given chemistry exercise. One research question was intended to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of the three methods in assisting students to understand the topic and carry out the exercise correctly, and a second research question addressed students’ attitudes towards the use of Virtual Reality (VR) in chemistry education. Results show a positive attitude towards the use of VR as an assisting tool to aid in understanding chemistry concepts. While the difference among the three methods was not significant, the results show that the VR brought more enthusiasm and positive attitudes toward the topic of molecular geometry among the students. Educational implications and recommendations for future research are presented as well.
The Role of the Study of Conditions and Directions of Spatial Development of the Commune in the Growth of Developers’ Activity Based on the Łódź Example
Authors: Antczak-Stępniak Agata
Published: August 2020

The importance of local plans for developers and negative consequences of issuing a large number of decisions on building conditions are usually discussed in literature, with the role of the study of conditions and directions of the spatial development of the commune somewhat diminished in this respect. The question therefore arises whether the study itself is important for the growth of developers’ activity and, if so, whether its provisions are adhered to.

Therefore, the purpose of this article is to assess the impact of the study of conditions and directions of spatial development of the commune on developers’ activity based on the example of Łódź. The author formulates a hypothesis that, from the point of view of developers’ activity, it is a document of little importance, because its decisions are not abided by entities issuing BC decisions. To achieve the assumed goal, the following research methods were used: desk research analyzing the studies of conditions and directions of the spatial development of Łódź from 2010 and 2018, as well as gathering information on development investments from various online sources, and a comparative analysis of the location of development investments in the context of both mentioned documents.
Visual Description of the Indoor Space of Real Estate in Crowd-Sourcing Environments
Authors: Haghbayan Sara , Malek Mohammad Reza , Tashayo Behnam
Published: August 2020

Emerging the power of collective intelligence through crowdsourcing could create a clear path for visualizing real estate as well. One of the Crowdsourcing applications is describing the indoor space of a real estate. This paper aims to describe real estate in the context of spatial crowdsourcing. Qualitative and quantitative criteria were used in this study to describe the real estate space, topological relationships, directional relations, color, location, dimensions, and height as qualitative criteria. Quantitative criteria were selected as the dimensions and height. The proposed model was evaluated by two groups: those who had never seen the real estate and others that had already seen the same real estate. We implemented a website called SAMA1to evaluate the proposed model with crowdsourcing data using online collaborative tools. SAMA is using tools, such as a sketch plan, photo, text, virtual tour, and visual descriptions. To evaluate SAMA, we compared it with four representative commercial websites, and the impact of the tools was precisely examined. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed model can be utilized to visually describe the indoor space of real estate in crowd-sourcing environments.
AÇÃO DE EXTENSÃO – CADERNO DE RECOMENDAÇÕES CONSTRUTIVAS PARA HABITAÇÃO SOCIAL EVOLUTIVA
Authors: Jorge Liziane De Oliveira , Scherer Rafaela , Medvedovski Nirce Saffer , Nogueira Emily Schiavinatto , Xavier Aline De Moura Ribeiro
Published: August 2020

O presente trabalho apresenta o relato da ação de extensão receptiva e dialogal aplicada na comunidade PAC/Anglo, localizada no município de Pelotas/RS. Compreende a exposição do “Caderno de Recomendações Construtivas para Habitação Social Evolutiva” junto à comunidade, para difusão de conhecimento técnico especializado de arquitetura e construção de modo a auxiliar os moradores com informações relevantes ao processo de autoconstrução e reforma, condição motivada pela insatisfação com o projeto original entregue pelo poder público aos moradores da comunidade em questão. O caderno é um manual construtivo acessível e didático para a apropriação dos moradores no ato de reforma de suas casas, de modo a contribuir para a obtenção de maior conforto, segurança e qualidade de vida no espaço doméstico. A ação foi planejada por intermédio da associação de moradores, com agendamento do salão comunitário, panfletagem de porta em porta para convite e divulgação da atividade, treinamento prévio de alunos, bolsistas e professores e previsão de atividades lúdicas para o público infantil. O dia da ação consistiu em uma aplicação estruturada do Caderno de Recomendações, com distribuição de mesas temáticas a fim de melhor orientar os moradores a respeito dos temas abordados pelo material – a saber:  banheiros, escadas, cozinhas, pátios e varandas, rampas de acesso, muros e grades. O caderno demonstrou ser um instrumento eficiente para alavancar o processo participativo da casa evolutiva, realidade pulsante na comunidade PAC/Anglo e inaugurar o processo posterior de Assistência Técnica profissional para futuras reformas.
CINEMAS EM UNIVERSIDADES: PISTAS PARA CRIAR PROJETOS EDUCATIVOS DE DIFUSÃO AUDIOVISUAL
Authors: Langie Cíntia
Published: August 2020

Este texto tem o objetivo de incentivar o surgimento de novas iniciativas alternativas de difusão do cinema em universidades públicas. A justificativa está na possibilidade de oportunizar experiências sensíveis em torno da arte, principalmente do filme brasileiro, reivindicando, assim, cada vez maiores condições de acesso às obras realizadas no país. Dialogando principalmente com Deleuze e Guattari (2012) e Didi-Huberman (2015), o artigo busca pensar além do óbvio no que se refere à tarefa de exibir filmes em universidades. Sem pretensões de apresentar soluções ou especificidades técnicas, os resultados obtidos materializam-se em pistas de como criar um espaço de exibição, lenta e gradualmente, de forma artesanal, sem as condições e o financiamento adequado.
RELATOS EXTENSIONISTAS SOBRE A XII JORNADA DE ANATOMIA HUMANA - USP
Authors: De Souza Roberta Figueiroa , Michelon Isabella Ferreira
Published: August 2020

A Jornada de Anatomia Humana - USP completou sua 12a edição em janeiro de 2020, tendo como tema o Sistema Digestório. Trata-se de um curso teórico-prático inserido na modalidade de difusão dentre as atividades extensionistas. O evento objetiva receber alunos de graduação e graduados até um ano dos cursos da área da saúde e biológicas de todo Brasil para que possam intensificar seus conhecimentos na Anatomia Humana e correlacioná-los com a prática clínica, além de conhecer os laboratórios de pesquisa do Departamento Anatomia e as pesquisas científicas desenvolvidas. O presente ensaio busca apresentar as ações do projeto e associá-las às diretrizes que definem a Extensão Universitária Brasileira. Além disso, aponta os impactos da atividade extensionista sobre a formação individual e profissional dos alunos e estudantes do Programa de Pós-Graduação de Biologia de Sistemas. Para tanto, apresentam-se dois relatos de experiência: um de uma estudante participante do Curso como aluna e um segundo de uma aluna do programa que ministrou aulas no evento. Os relatos evidenciam a percepção das duas alunas, de níveis de ensino distintos, sobre as ações desenvolvidas nesse projeto. Demonstram como os conteúdos técnicos, científicos e culturais foram vivenciados no ambiente interdisciplinar e interprofissional que a jornada oportuniza. À vista disso, o evento confere à prática extensionista o cumprimento das diretrizes que definem esta dimensão universitária.
AÇÃO DE TREINAMENTO ESPECIALIZADO PARA APREENSÃO SEGURA DE EQUINOS EM RODOVIAS
Authors: Mazzo Hortencia Campos , Curcio Bruna Da Rosa , Noronha Henrique Do Reis , Patten Ruth Dunford , Pivato Giovana Mancilla , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne
Published: August 2020

Visando proporcionar atividades integradas, interdisciplinares e oportunizar aos alunos a participação de ações de promoção técnico-científicas junto a sociedade, o projeto “Ação de capacitação e formação profissional junto ao Centro de Ensino e Experimentação em Equinocultura da Palma (CEEEP)” está em atividade desde o ano de 2012. O presente trabalho apresenta a experiência da capacitação e treinamento desenvolvido com os colaboradores da concessionária de rodovias ECOSUL, em relação ao bem-estar e comportamento de equinos, com objetivo de diminuir o risco de acidente na apreensão tanto por parte dos animais, quanto por parte dos manipuladores. Esse treinamento foi realizado no CEEEP, contando com a participação de cinquenta colaboradores da ECOSUL. O programa da atividade incluiu a abordagem de teorias sobre etologia e técnicas de apreensão para equinos. Foram realizadas várias demonstrações práticas de captura, utilização do reboque, e discussões onde os colaboradores puderam expor e sanar dúvidas. Observou-se que durante o treinamento prático os participantes passaram a ter mais confiança e demonstrar mais preparo pra executar os procedimentos demonstrados. O treinamento como forma de ação e capacitação profissional foi satisfatório e pode desenvolver nos participantes uma consciência de bem-estar animal, proporcionando qualidade técnica à equipe de colaboradores para atuar durante as atividades de captura dos equinos soltos em via pública.
Atypical Cadherin FAT3 Is a Novel Mediator for Morphological Changes of Microglia
Authors: Okajima Tomomi , Gu Yichen , Teruya Rin-ichiro , Yano Sarasa , Taketomi Takumi , Sato Ban , Chiba Tomoki , Tsuruta Fuminori
Published: August 2020

Microglia are resident macrophages that are critical for brain development and homeostasis. Microglial morphology is dynamically changed during postnatal stages, leading to regulating synaptogenesis and synapse pruning. Moreover, it has been well known that the shape of microglia is also altered in response to the detritus of the apoptotic cells and pathogens such as bacteria and viruses. Although the morphologic changes are crucial for acquiring microglial functions, the exact mechanism which controls their morphology is not fully understood. Here, we report that the FAT atypical cadherin family protein, FAT3, regulates the morphology of microglial cell line, BV2. We found that the shape of BV2 becomes elongated in a high-nutrient medium. Using microarray analysis, we identified that FAT3 expression is induced by culturing with a high-nutrient medium. In addition, we found that purinergic analog, hypoxanthine, promotes FAT3 expression in BV2 and mouse primary microglia. FAT3 expression induced by hypoxanthine extends the time of sustaining the elongated forms in BV2. These data suggest that the hypoxanthine-FAT3 axis is a novel pathway associated with microglial morphology. Our data provide a possibility that FAT3 may control microglial transitions involved in their morphologic changes during the postnatal stagesin vivo.
Dynamic Contextual Modulation in Superior Colliculus of Awake Mouse
Authors: De Franceschi Gioia , Solomon Samuel G.
Published: August 2020

The responses of neurons in the visual pathway depend on the context in which a stimulus is presented. Responses to predictable stimuli are usually suppressed, highlighting responses to unexpected stimuli that might be important for behavior. Here, we established how context modulates the response of neurons in the superior colliculus (SC), a region important in orienting toward or away from visual stimuli. We made extracellular recordings from single units in the superficial layers of SC in awake mice. We found strong suppression of visual response by spatial context (surround suppression) and temporal context (adaptation). Neurons showing stronger surround suppression also showed stronger adaptation effects. In neurons where it was present, surround suppression was dynamic and was reduced by adaptation. Adaptation’s effects further revealed two components to surround suppression: one component that was weakly tuned for orientation and adaptable, and another component that was more strongly tuned but less adaptable. The selectivity of the tuned component was flexible, such that suppression was stronger when the stimulus over the surround matched that over the receptive field. Our results therefore reveal strong interactions between spatial and temporal context in regulating the flow of signals through mouse SC, and suggest the presence of a subpopulation of neurons that might signal novelty in either space or time.
Hierarchical Representation of Multistep Tasks in Multiple-Demand and Default Mode Networks
Authors: Wen Tanya , Duncan John , Mitchell Daniel J
Published: August 2020

Task episodes consist of sequences of steps that are performed to achieve a goal. We used fMRI to examine neural representation of task identity, component items, and sequential position, focusing on two major cortical systems—the multiple-demand (MD) and default mode networks (DMN). Human participants (20 males, 22 females) learned six tasks each consisting of four steps. Inside the scanner, participants were cued which task to perform and then sequentially identified the target item of each step in the correct order. Univariate time course analyses indicated that intra-episode progress was tracked by a tonically increasing global response, plus an increasing phasic step response specific to MD regions. Inter-episode boundaries evoked a widespread response at episode onset, plus a marked offset response specific to DMN regions. Representational similarity analysis (RSA) was used to examine representation of task identity and component steps. Both networks represented the content and position of individual steps, however the DMN preferentially represented task identity while the MD network preferentially represented step-level information. Thus, although both MD and DMN networks are sensitive to step-level and episode-level information in the context of hierarchical task performance, they exhibit dissociable profiles in terms of both temporal dynamics and representational content. The results suggest collaboration of multiple brain regions in control of multistep behavior, with MD regions particularly involved in processing the detail of individual steps, and DMN adding representation of broad task context.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTAchieving one's goals requires knowing what to do and when. Tasks are typically hierarchical, with smaller steps nested within overarching goals. For effective, flexible behavior, the brain must represent both levels. We contrast response time courses and information content of two major cortical systems—the multiple-demand (MD) and default mode networks (DMN)—during multistep task episodes. Both networks are sensitive to step-level and episode-level information, but with dissociable profiles. Intra-episode progress is tracked by tonically increasing global responses, plus MD-specific increasing phasic step responses. Inter-episode boundaries evoke widespread responses at episode onset, plus DMN-specific offset responses. Both networks represent content and position of individual steps; however, the DMN and MD networks favor task identity and step-level information, respectively.
Impaired Postnatal Myelination in a Conditional Knockout Mouse for the Ferritin Heavy Chain in Oligodendroglial Cells
Authors: Wan Rensheng , Cheli Veronica T. , Santiago-González Diara A. , Rosenblum Shaina L. , Wan Qiuchen , Paez Pablo M.
Published: August 2020

To define the importance of iron storage in oligodendrocyte development and function, the ferritin heavy subunit (Fth) was specifically deleted in oligodendroglial cells. Blocking Fth synthesis in Sox10 or NG2-positive oligodendrocytes during the first or the third postnatal week significantly reduces oligodendrocyte iron storage and maturation. The brain of Fth KO animals presented an important decrease in the expression of myelin proteins and a substantial reduction in the percentage of myelinated axons. This hypomyelination was accompanied by a decline in the number of myelinating oligodendrocytes and with a reduction in proliferating oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs). Importantly, deleting Fth in Sox10-positive oligodendroglial cells after postnatal day 60 has no effect on myelin production and/or oligodendrocyte quantities. We also tested the capacity of Fth-deficient OPCs to remyelinate the adult brain in the cuprizone model of myelin injury and repair. Fth deletion in NG2-positive OPCs significantly reduces the number of mature oligodendrocytes and myelin production throughout the remyelination process. Furthermore, the corpus callosum of Fth KO animals presented a significant decrease in the percentage of remyelinated axons and a substantial reduction in the average myelin thickness. These results indicate that Fth synthesis during the first three postnatal weeks is important for an appropriate oligodendrocyte development, and suggest that Fth iron storage in adult OPCs is also essential for an effective remyelination of the mouse brain.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTo define the importance of iron storage in oligodendrocyte function, we have deleted the ferritin heavy chain (Fth) specifically in the oligodendrocyte lineage. Fth ablation in oligodendroglial cells throughout early postnatal development significantly reduces oligodendrocyte maturation and myelination. In contrast, deletion of Fth in oligodendroglial cells after postnatal day 60 has no effect on myelin production and/or oligodendrocyte numbers. We have also tested the consequences of disrupting Fth iron storage in oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) after demyelination. We have found that Fth deletion in NG2-positive OPCs significantly delays the remyelination process in the adult brain. Therefore, Fth iron storage is essential for early oligodendrocyte development as well as for OPC maturation in the demyelinated adult brain.
KAJIAN VISUAL TOKOH WAYANG GOLEK LUPIT DAN SLENTENG DALAM KONTEKS BUDAYA TEGAL
Authors: Kharisma Garda Udi , Sugiarto Eko
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk visual, simbol, dan karakteristik cultural pada tokoh wayang golek Lupit dan Slenteng. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan secara kasuistik di Sanggar Satria Laras Desa Bengle Kecamatan Talang Kabupaten Tegal. Penelitian difokuskan pada kajian visual terhadap karya wayang golek Lupit dan Slenteng serta didukung dokumen - dokumen visual dan audio visual pementasan wayang. Pengamatan langsung terhadap aktivitas dalang dan masyarakat sekitar yang merepresentasikan budaya Tegal juga dilakukan untuk memperoleh gambaran persoalan secara menyeluruh. Prosedur analisis yang digunakan ialah model alir yang meliputi reduksi, sajian, dan verifikasi, sedangkan model kajian yang digunakan meliputi kajian bentuk dan simbol dalam perspektif kebudayaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh temuan empiric sebagai berikut. Pertama, bentuk visual wayang golek Lupit mengacu pada bentuk Bagong dan Slenteng mengacu pada bentuk Gareng. Perbedaannya terletak pada bahan yang mempengaruhi tampilan fisiknya, yaitu tokoh wayang Lupit dan Slenteng berbentuk boneka (tiga dimensional) yang terbuat dari kayu, sedangkan tokoh wayang Bagong dan Gareng terbuat dari kulit sehingga memiliki tampilan dua dimensional. Kedua, simbol visual keduanya memiliki fungsi khusus yang terkait dengan ranah kebudayaan Tegal, secara khusus sebagai representasi karakter masyarakat Tegal sebagai bagian dari sub kebudayaan Jawa pesisir utara-barat.
How Economic Rights for SMEs Protected? Analysis of National and International Property Rights Law
Authors: Waspiah Waspiah , Rodiyah Rodiyah , Latifiani Dian , Arifin Ridwan
Published: August 2020

Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Indonesia are growing rapidly and continuing to grow. These developments had a significant impact on economic growth for various sectors in Indonesia. However, the dynamics of the development of SMEs are still overshadowed by the unclear protection of rights relating to intellectual property, including economic rights for SMEs. In fact, this right becomes an important part that is regulated both in national and international legal rules. The purpose of this study is to determine and compare the implementation of the protection of economic rights for SMEs in Central Java Province, Indonesia. This research method uses interview techniques and direct observation in several SMEs in Central Java. This study found that the protection of economic rights for SMEs had not been maximally carried out, even the number of SMEs did not yet obtain guaranteed recognition of the brand rights and copyrights of their products. This study concludes that in applying protection to economic rights for SMEs, collaboration between sectors and ministries is needed, not only the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, but also Industry, Trade and Economy.
How Consumers in Indonesia Are Protected Fairly?
Authors: Wibowo Dwi Edi
Published: August 2020

The progress of the times accompanied by increasingly sophisticated technology, opens new opportunities in the national economic development sector. New opportunities, namely business opportunities, are expected to encourage the macroeconomic sector to become more advanced so as to be able to improve the level of welfare of the people of Indonesia, with an increase in business opportunities in the modern world, so goods and services as the main commodity will certainly develop as well. However, goods and services as an element in these economic transactions open up opportunities for the emergence of possible losses suffered by consumers as part of fraud, negligence, or intentional business actors. This condition raises an understanding of the need for protection of consumers as parties who are often harmed by the actions of these 'naughty' business actors. In fact, an institution has been formed which aims to bring consumers to defend their rights as consumers, namely the Indonesian Consumers Foundation, but consumers are still reluctant to go through the judiciary for themselves so that they are more resigned to what they experience.
The Role of Nusantara Task Force in Preventing Political Vulnerability in Pati Police Jurisdiction
Authors: Pratama Arindra Wigrha
Published: August 2020

Political insecurity ahead of the 2019 presidential and vice presidential election candidates often arises in the Pati Police jurisdiction. The establishment of this task force aims to minimize the occurrence of various political vulnerabilities ahead of the presidential and vice presidential elections so as not to develop into social conflict. The purpose of this study is to analyze the problems of political vulnerability that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police jurisdiction, describe and explain the role of the Nusantara Task Force in preventing the occurrence of problems of political vulnerability that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police area, and analyze the factors factors influencing the implementation of the Task Force of the Archipelago in preventing the occurrence of problems of political insecurity that existed during the 2019 Presidential Election in the Pati Police jurisdiction. Theories used in this research are the Role Theory and Voter Behavior Theory. The concept used is the Nusantara Task Force Concept. The laws and regulations in this study are Law No. 2 of 2002 concerning the National Police and the Law. No. 7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, as well as National Police Chief Sprin No. .: Sprin / 40 / I / 2018 Date January 8, 2018 About the Establishment of the Task Force Nusantara.
The Basics of Good Faith and Good Intention in Land Purchase System in Indonesia
Authors: Putra Zaldi  Pratama Bagus
Published: August 2020

The legal consequences of the issuance of the land title certificate whose application is made by a party who is not the right holder / owner is legally flawed. Issuance of a legally invalid certificate and no binding force and cancellation by the court. The defendant obtains a parcel of land through an auction, the auction is proven by photocopies of the auction object certificate, according to Article 21 of the 2016 Bidding Guidelines that the registered land auction must include an original certificate, so The Defendant did not go through the correct legal procedures. For the issuance of a double certificate for the same land field, the buyer of the land field loses the ownership certificate that is purchased by another party as a buyer with good intentions, because it has been carried out in accordance with the correct legal procedure, which means that the purchaser's certificate is guaranteed legal certainty. Legal protection for the purchaser of good land rights, that the buyer as a buyer has good intentions, with the issuance of the HGB certificate Number 181 Village / Cicau Village covering an area of ​​26,700 m2 in the name of the Defendant, is impaired, so that legal protection provided to the Plaintiff is filing an objection to the issuance HGB certificate to the Land Office as a preventive legal protection.
Liquor among Teens: A Criminology Study
Authors: Anantio Reksi Yanuar , Ivan Aprilianto , Kurniawan Fajar Dwi , Dewangga Gelar
Published: August 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of expectations on alcoholic drinks on the consumption of alcoholic drinks. Expectations on alcoholic beverages consist of positive expectations and negative expectations. Expectations on alcoholic drinks in this study refer to the notion that expectations are beliefs held by individuals in alcoholic drinks. Alcoholic drinks or, often called liquor (alcohol) is one type of drink that contains addictive substances (alcohol). More than 13 million people consider themselves alcoholics. Consumption of alcoholic drinks is divided into three types, namely (1) users, (2) abusers, and (3) dependency. The study was conducted on teenagers in Ambarawa who consume alcoholic beverages using quantitative methods with a survey model that is often also referred to as correlational research.
Legal Protection Regarding Medical Record of Prospective Workers in Job Recruitment Health Test
Authors: Jafar Faisal Herisetiawan
Published: August 2020

Health is essentially one of the supports for the welfare of human life, therefore, in order to create an increase in the degree of health, a law is needed to regulate and foster everything about health. In the process of getting a decent job several agencies or companies apply a health test at the stage of completion of work acceptance. Health checks before work are health checks carried out by doctors before a worker is accepted to do the jobs. Problems arise when the results of a medikal examination or medikal record in the form of a file containing records and documents about the patient's identity, examination, treatment, actions and other services that have been provided to patients out are fully provided to the agency or employer. This type of research is a normative legal research method. Normative legal research means that the existing problems are examined based on existing laws and regulations and the literature relating to the existing problems. Based on the results of the study that the authors describe, it can be concluded that in the implementation of health tests carried out by the agency or company are not allowed to take the results of the medikal record unilaterally without giving access to prospective workers as parties who are the object of examination at the health test.
Prostitution as Social Pathology: A Legal and Criminological Perspective
Authors: Sagala Ermiyani , Sihotang Natalia , Efendi Zulmi , Febriyana Arif
Published: August 2020

These research aim to describe and analyze what are the factors behind a person's choosing to become Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs). In addition, this observation also aims to find out how people's perceptions or views about the existence of these CSWs around the community and their impact as well as what efforts have been made to eradicate this CSW in its shelter. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The object of research is the CSWs and the surrounding community. The sample used was purposive sampling, which is sampling based on specific objectives and considerations. Data collection techniques using interview techniques to informants conducted by non-participant observation which only observes and makes observations and documentation. Whereas to analyze the data used an interactive analysis model from Miles and Huberman namely data collection, data reduction, data presentation and conclusion drawing. The results of the study that the authors found in the field that the dominant factor that causes a person to work as a prostitute are economic factors. Economic factors in this case are difficult to meet their daily needs because there are no jobs that generate enough money to meet their daily needs. In addition to economic factors, there are also other factors such as the difficulty of finding work, low levels of education, income factors become more adequate sex workers to meet the needs and family factors.
Default in Sea Transportation Agreement
Authors: Hetharie Yosia
Published: August 2020

Transportation has a very important role in facilitating the mobilization of goods and or people at home and abroad, one of which is by sea. However, in its implementation for agreements to transport people (passengers) by sea, it often creates problems where passengers as consumers who use sea transportation services do not get their right to a seat even though they have bought a boat ticket according to the ticket price determined by the sea transportation company. The carrier action can be categorized as a default. Default (broken promise or negligence) is the failure to fulfill the performance of one of the parties as specified in the agreement. One form of default in the transportation agreement occurs when the carrier does not carry out his obligations to the passenger according to the evidence of the agreement in the form of a ticket that is sold to the passenger, which results in the passenger experiencing a loss by not feeling comfort and safety on the ship. Therefore, the carrier is fully responsible for losses suffered by passengers.
Differential Gene Expression Between Polymorphic Zooids of the Marine BryozoanBugulina stolonifera
Authors: Treibergs Kira A , Giribet Gonzalo
Published: August 2020

Bryozoans are a diverse phylum of marine and freshwater colonial invertebrates containing approximately 6,300 described living species. Bryozoans grow by budding new physiologically connected colony members (zooids) from a founding individual that forms from a metamorphosed larva. In some species these zooids come in different shapes and sizes and are specialized to serve different tasks within the colony. A complex interaction of genotype, environment, and developmental pathway shapes zooid fate, however, the specific mechanisms underlying the establishment of this division of labor remain unknown. Here, the first characterization of differential gene expression between polymorphic zooids of a bryozoan colony is presented. The development of different zooid types of lab-cultured Bugulina stolonifera colonies including feeding autozooids, avicularia (derived non-feeding zooids that are homologous to feeding autozooids but shaped like a bird’s beak), and rhizoids (a branching network of non-feeding anchoring zooids) was explored using RNA sequencing, de novo transcriptome assembly, and differential gene expression analyses. High throughput sequencing of cDNA libraries yielded an average of 14.9 ± 1.3 (SE) million high-quality paired-end reads per sample. Data for the first de novo transcriptome assemblies of B. stolonifera and the first characterization of genes involved in the formation and maintenance of zooid types within a bryozoan colony are presented. In a comparison between autozooid and avicularium tissues, 1,097 significant differentially expressed genes were uncovered. This work provides a much-needed foundation for understanding the mechanisms involved in the development of polymorphic zooids and the establishment of division of labor in bryozoans.