bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Entre o financiamento e a financeirização do imobiliário: A articulação Estado-mercado na condução da política habitacional
Authors: Abreu Marlon Altavini de , Barcella Bruno L. S. , Melazzo Everaldo Santos
Published: June 2024

O texto examina a trajetória do processo de financeirização imobiliária habitacional no Brasil, com ênfase no papel central desempenhado pela Caixa Econômica Federal (CEF), que atua como principal provedora de financiamentos para a produção e consumo de habitações. Ao sistematizar detalhadamente os dados das emissões de títulos securitizados, o artigo procura dar conta das complexas interações entre Estado e mercado, problematizando como o primeiro emprega mecanismos e instrumentos financeiros para atingir seus objetivos na política habitacional.
A physiological and biochemical study of the impact of some pollutants around the city of Baiji on a number of healthy pregnant and non-pregnant women
Authors: Rawaa Mohammed Obaid  , Muneef Saab Ahmed
Published: June 2024

This research aimed to assess some blood variables and some biochemical and physiological variables in pregnant women in the city of Baiji and the extent of the impact of pollution with trace elements such as lead, copper and cadmium. Blood samples of pregnant women were collected during the three stages of pregnancy represented by the groups one month as the first stage A (4-6) months and (1-3) months B as the second stage C (7-9) months as the third stage and women with blood pressure (D ). The results in this study showed a high body mass standard for pregnant women and pregnant women with blood pressure (A, B, C, D) as pregnancy progressed compared with married women who are not pregnant as a control group (E) at a probability level (p<0.05). The results showed a high body mass standard for pregnant women and women with blood pressure as pregnancy progressed compared with married women who are not pregnant Group E. A significant increase in the concentration of albumin in blood serum and cholesterol concentration of pregnant women and pregnant women with blood pressure compared with married women who are not pregnant as a control group at a probability level (p<0.05).The results also showed a significant increase in the concentration of bilirubin for pregnant women and pregnant women with blood pressure compared to married women who are not pregnant, especially in the last stages of pregnancy. The results also showed a significant increase in the effectiveness of liver enzymes represented by the basal enzyme phosphites, the enzyme aspartate transaminase and the enzyme Alanine Transaminase, especially in the last two stages of pregnancy compared to married women who are not pregnant as a control group.
The Relationship between interleukin 1beta and virulence factors produced by some bacteria isolated from patients with sinus infections
Authors: Al-Khazali Shiamaa , Mahir Suha , Hasan Mohanad
Published: June 2024

Background: Sinusitis is an inflammatory process of the mucosa lining the paranasal cavity. Currently, the term rhinosinusitis has been more accepted because rhinitis and sinusitis are continuous diseases. The study aimed to demonstrate the relationship between interleukin beta 1 and virulence factors of the bacteria that cause sinusitis. Method s::This study was conducted in Salah al-Din Governorate in the city of Balad in Balad General Hospital and Balad Healthcare Sector in the period from 1/11/2022 to 1/6/2023. From 1-50 years of both gender by taking nasal swabs with a carrier medium and blood samples, where 90 samples were collected from patients.Results: the present study showed that  Interleukin -beta 1.scored high sensitivity (91% and 83%) and specificity (84% and 60%) with significant differences (p<0.05) in screening patients with sinusitis, The positivity of Escherichia coli  13.3%  ,Staphylococcus haemolyticus 11.7%, Klebsiella pneumonia,  13.3%,Yersinia enterocolitica  8.3%,Providencia stuartii  8.3%, Staphylococeas epidermidi 18.3%, Pesedomonas oryzihabitans 15.0%, Leuconostoc psedomesenteroides 16.7%,and Burkhoderia cepacia 16.7% respectively .
A Theoretical Study to Calculate the Radiation Stopping Power for Electrons in Human Tissues
Authors: Imad Musaab
Published: June 2024

In this research, the radiation stopping power of electrons in some human tissues (adipose tissues, blood, bone compact, bone cortical, brain, eye lens, lung, skin, and testicles) was studied within the energy range from (10 MeV) to (1000 MeV). The study of the energy loss of charged particles through matter is of great importance in medical physics in general and radiotherapy in particular in order to determine the radiation dose in the case of medical tests or treatment and the effect of this dose in the cells adjacent to the target cells and possible damage to the tissues adjacent to the affected tissues. Calculations have been performed using the modified Berger-Seltzer equation (where a new formula was found to calculate the approximate function as a function of the energy of the incident electron using the data matching method and using the Curve Expert program). The radiation stopping power of each of the components of the tissue was found separately, and then the stopping power of the tissue was found using the Bragg rule for compounds. All calculations were performed using the MATLAB program. Comparing the results obtained with the value of the universal code E-Star, it was found that they matched well and that the error rate was less than (1 %).
Geochemical Assessment of Oligocene Limestone for Conceivable Use as Raw Material for Portland Cement in Sangaw Area, Iraqi Kurdistan
Authors: Ghareeb Saman , Ahmed Omer , Jamil Rezhan
Published: June 2024

The sedimentary deposit of Oligocene rocks is outcropped in Ashdagh mountain in south of Sulaymaniyah - Sangaw area and characterized by highly calcareous limestone, especially in the lower parts. The rocks of this age are composed of nine formations included Shurau, Sheikh Alas, Planai, Baba, Bajwan, Tarjili, Anah, Azkand, and Ibrahim those are deposited during Oligocene. These formations grouped into three types included basinal, lagoonal and reefal according to depositional environment. The aim of the study is geochemical assessment for limestone rock as major raw material in Portland cement product. The study based on XRF chemical composition analysis and loss on ignition for thirty-eight handpicked samples of the area and evaluation of major oxides as Portland cement raw material. The chemical results showed that the tested limestone samples are overwhelmingly composed of calcareous limestone. The chemical investigation appears that the entire progression is comprise of calcareous limestone, which comprises loss on ignition averagely above 42.9% and mostly less than 1% in MgO, Fe2O3 and Al2O3. The limestone classified as high-grade limestone according to the analysis results, which is exceptionally appropriate for Portland cement producing. Geochemical results of samples specified that the limestone contains high ratio of LOI, which it ranges between (38.7% to 43.9%), and other major oxides are in suitable range while alkali metal oxides and SO3 are present in traces. The ratios of the silica modulus (SM), alumina modulus (AM), and lime saturation Factor (LSF) were calculated. It was found that these proportions of examples are mostly consistent with Iraqi Standard Specifications for Portland cement by adding silica, aluminium and iron oxides. The lime saturation factors (LSF) of assessed samples have extensively differing values, but most values have above the limits required for high quality cement. The overall outcomes confirmed that the Oligocene limestone could be use as major raw material for clinker production in cement industry.
Időzítésen alapuló befektetési módszerek a Budapesti Értéktőzsdén
Authors: Attila Zoltan Nagy
Published: June 2024

Számos szakirodalmi forrás alátámasztja, hogy az időzítésen alapuló, egyszerű befektetési módszerekkel felülteljesítés érhető el, így ezek a hagyományos befektetési stratégiák alternatívái lehetnek. A tanulmány ezt a feltevést a Budapesti Értéktőzsde részvényindexén vizsgálja, így 4 619 db mozgóátlagot használó, egyszerű időzítésen alapuló stratégia került tesztelésre 554 935 db ügyletkötésen, az 1998 és 2022 közötti időszakban. A vizsgálat szerint a 4 619 változat széles köre jó eredményt mutat mintán belüli adatokon, de mintán kívül többségükkel nem lehetett felülteljesítést elérni. Egyes esetekben nem zárható ki a túltanítás, továbbá a véletlen hatása az alacsony esetszám következtében. A mintán belüli adatokon kiválasztott robusztus változat kereskedési költségek mellett felülteljesít mintán kívül és a teljes időszakon. Ugyanakkor ezen változat Monte-Carlo-vizsgálata egy százalékos szignifikanciaszint mellett nem teszi lehetővé a nullhipotézis elutasítását, azaz nem zárható ki, hogy a véletlen, a piaci zaj okozta az eredményeket.
Deglobalizációs és blokkosodási folyamatok a visegrádi országokban a polikrízis nyomán
Authors: Tamás Ginter , Patrik Tischler
Published: June 2024

A közelmúltban lezajlott sokkok sorozata – különösen a Covid19-világjárvány és az orosz-ukrán háború – következtében a világkereskedelem olyan átalakuláson ment keresztül, amelyet deglobalizációs és blokkosodási trendek jellemeznek. Ebben a tanulmányban leíró statisztikák segítségével elemezzük az exogén sokkok rövid távú hatását a visegrádi országok nemzetközi kereskedelmére. Az eredmények alapján elmondható, hogy a 2019 és 2022 közötti időszakban a régióban nem voltak azonosíthatók tartós deglobalizációs trendek. A GDP-arányos kereskedelem a különböző sokkok okozta rövid távú csökkenés ellenére meghaladta a világjárvány előtti szinteket, vagyis napjainkban a régió jobban beágyazott a világkereskedelembe, mint 2019-ben volt. Noha a régió túlnyomórészt hasonló politikai és gazdasági elveket valló partnerekkel kereskedik, az elmúlt négy évben a nem nyugati partnerekkel folytatott nemzetközi kereskedelem aránya is növekedett. Míg az ukrajnai háború kitörése óta jelentősen visszaesett az Oroszországgal folytatott kereskedelem, a régió és Kína közötti kapcsolatokban nem történt lényegi változás. Egyes eltérések ugyanakkor tapasztalhatók a vizsgált országok között.
Formal Markers and Conceptual Mainstays of the Russia-Centered Discourse: a Cross-Linguistic Corpus Study
Authors: Beloglazova E. V. , Osmak N. A. , Shuvalova E. K.
Published: June 2024

The paper aims at identifying the key features of the Russia-centered discourse both on surface and deep levels. The empirical basis for the research is comprised by the Rossica-T corpus of book titles, encompassing data for 18-21 centuries. Titles are viewed as the most distinguished parts of texts, to which the most significant information is promoted, thus forming the quintessence of the discourse they represent. The research is based on three datasets – the English, Finnish and Japanese subcorpora totaling 590 titles. The data was subject to analysis with the help of the AntConc corpus manager toolkit and deep discourse analysis underlying the manual annotation of the corpus along seven groups of parameters. The surface level analysis focuses on three aspects: syntactic, lexical, and stylistic. The syntactic analysis revealed a spectrum of structural patterns whose frequency is largely conditioned by the requirements of the title genre; yet, being genre-conditioned, they are also partly discourse-conditioned, serving to verbalize key concepts of the Russia-centered discourse and to expand the structure of the title so as to maximize its expressive capacity. The stylistic analysis allowed us to identify a restricted set of stylistic means, partly correlating with the genre canon (e.g. alliteration), and partly – with the discourse canon (e.g. metaphors, intertextual links). The lexical analysis helped determine two markers – a genre-specific (naming the genre of the book the title represents) and a discourse-specific (xenonymic Russianisms). Cross-linguistic comparison of strategies introducing Russianisms into texts describing Russia in different languages revealed the greatest degree of specificity of the Japanese-language discourse where the method of introducing and marking Russianisms is predetermined by their “gairaigo” status. Yet, this specificity does not go contrary to the norms and regularities of the language of secondary cultural orientation, which allows for the conclusion of a universal mechanism of a language cultural reorientation. The task of identifying the conceptual mainstays of the discourse was approached in two ways: (1) categorization of the subcorpora keywords and (2) interpretation of the subcorpora semantic annotation results. Both approaches allow for the conclusion of a partial overlap in conceptual mainstays for the three discourse types, with a noticeable variation in the choice of the key concepts’ representants.
Self-Presentation Strategy and Speech Tactics in Political Discourse (based on the Public Speeches of Latin American Politicians at the UN)
Authors: Bocharov Ye. V.
Published: June 2024

The article is dedicated to the study of self-presentation strategy and speech tactics considered as a communicative strategy aimed at creating a certain image of a politician and changing the conceptual views of the recipients in order to manipulate their consciousness. Implementation of such strategies and tactics can become an effective method to achieve established goals, both state-related and personal. The research material includes public speeches of the Latin American politicians at the 73rd and 77th UN General Assembly. The speeches we analyze are part of the modern Latin American discourse which is defined as ideologically heterogenic with predominant social justice and inequality-oriented approach, expressiveness, and anti-imperialism ideas. The relevance of the present study is determined by the need to clarify the theoretical and pragmatic foundations of the political discourse analysis. For this purpose, self-presentation strategies and speech tactics are studied in comparison. The results show that in the status-conditioned discourse two dominant ideas underlie the self-presentation strategy– “our people”, having a positive axiological status and aimed at changing the views of Latin America’s society as traditionally marginalized, and “we are a victim”, having a negative axiological status, which the politicians use to justify political and economic failures. The speech tactics includes “strong personality”, “appeal to authority”, “appeal to historical documents”, “appeal to constitutive documents”. We have found that the two dominant ideas are made up of some subdominant ideas. These have the same axiological characteristics in the speeches of Latin American politicians which fully corresponds to the historical context of these countries. Thus, the future studies can be centered on studying speech strategies and tactics of personality-conditioned discourse in the respective countries’ media.
Typological Analysis of Demonstrative Tonality
Authors: Tislenkova I. A.
Published: June 2024

The advent of the digital society has led to a change in many ways of interaction. People’s communication has become more demonstrative, since technology allows them to easily and instantly present themselves and their lives to a wide audience. The information age encourages people to demonstrate their individuality and express themselves, with social media becoming a platform for expressing personal beliefs, interests, creating and maintaining an attractive image. The article studies demonstrative tonality of communication. The scientific novelty of the research is that demonstrative tonality has not been studied before. The purpose of the paper is to identify and describe the main types of demonstrative tonality in communication. The research methods are an interdisciplinary approach and a psycholinguistic analysis of the communicants’ speech output. The material for the analysis was drawn from television interviews of 2012-2023. The study shows that at the present stage in the digital era demonstrative communication is a common way of interaction and a mechanism of self-presentation and self-identification. Demonstrative communication is defined as a structurally forming communicative category of spectral type – tonality, which determines the process of speech communication and performs the function of self-manifestation and means of emotional impact on the recipient. It is emphasized that demonstrative tonality manifests itself in various social and communicative spheres: official, unofficial, administratively or legally regulated, unregulated and dominant, causing a positive or negative response from the addressee. As a result of the research, it has been established that demonstrative communicative tonality is actualized at all language levels and is implemented in speech products through the use of various linguistic and non-linguistic means. The basis for constructing a typology of demonstrative tonality is proposed; it consists of such criteria as the method of presentation to the recipient and the addressee’s reaction. Based on the communicative approach, four main types of demonstrative tonality are put forward: explicit, hidden, positive, and negative. The results obtained can be used in the course on semiotics and psycholinguistics
Politeness as a Linguistic Concept in the Croatian and English Languages – a Comparative Analysis
Authors: Kolar K.
Published: June 2024

Despite Brown and Levinson’s original claims that politeness is a universal concept perceived identically in all cultures, it has long been established that different societies perceive this concept differently. A lack of understanding regarding these differences may lead to intercultural conflict and thus research is required, especially in cultures in which such research is scarce, such as that of Croatia. This article focuses on the comparative corpus analysis of both the word politeness in English and its Croatian “counterpart,” the word pristojnost, in dictionaries and their use in corpora. Furthermore, it aims to establish how Croatian speakers perceive pristojnost and the quality of pristojnost (or the lack of it) in people. For this purpose, a qualitative and quantitative comparative corpus analysis based on the definitions of the words in question in certain English and Croatian dictionaries, their usage in their respective corpora and their translations in each of the two languages, as well as a small-scale quantitative and qualitative analysis of a questionnaire, completed by Croatian participants, were conducted. On the basis of such a four-step analysis, it has been concluded that both English politeness and Croatian pristojnost have two meanings, one connected to culture/etiquette, and one oriented towards interpersonal relationships; however, pristojnost has another meaning, that of satisfactoriness. It has also been deduced that pristojnost slightly differs from politeness, as it focuses more on interpersonal behaviour and interaction, rather than social norms and etiquette, which the concept of politeness seems primarily to focus on. Understanding these differences is crucial for high quality communication, especially in intercultural and multicultural contexts, e.g. in academic settings. For this reason, research on a larger scale should be carried out to establish how politeness and its equivalents are perceived in various cultural contexts; this article thus serves as a call for research expansion.
Presence in “No-Place”: On the Nature of Cognitive and Psychological Aspects of Remote Interpreting
Authors: Krasnopeyeva E. S.
Published: June 2024

This article presents a review of the concept of presence in technology-mediated interpreting research. It briefly considers a theoretical framework behind presence as a multidimensional category that deals with the integrated nature of spatial and social experience in mediated environments. The review encompasses twelve English-language articles identified through keyword search in the Scopus database, covering studies of remote interpreting scenarios in both community and conference settings. A closer look at the presence definitions brought together in this review shows that although interpreting researchers draw on the theoretical considerations from Telepresence Studies, there is no unified approach to defining presence. In interpreting research, the term ‘presence’ can refer to both interpreters’ subjective experience and the fact of technological mediation (virtual presence opposed to physical presence of an interpreter in the room). Lack of presence experienced by an interpreter is also referred to as alienation, isolation, detachment, feeling of distance, lack of involvement, and difficulty grasping the intentions of the speakers. While interpreting scholars ultimately aim to mitigate psychological discomfort caused by remoteness, they rarely specifically document interpreters’ presence experience. Therefore, in their framework, presence often overlaps with the concepts of immersion, involvement, cognitive absorption, and flow. The distinction between social and spatial presence phenomena is often disregarded. Thus, presence serves as an instrumental label, a causal factor in the assessment of interpreters’ psychological wellbeing and their attitude to the new workplace configuration. While this does not go against the general understanding of presence as a subjective experience conjured by media exposure, this approach does not fully utilize the broad explanatory power of the models of presence that take into account the influence of mediation on such key interpreting mechanisms as attention allocation, cognition, memory, imagination, spatial orientation, and anticipation. In this regard, a more comprehensive treatment of presence can be found in the foundational papers by P. Mouzourakis and B. Moser-Mercer, as well as in more recent applied studies of cloud-based RSI. Integrating process models of interpretation and presence may offer a more holistic perspective for future remote interpreting research.
On the choice of the method of dynamic rationing of energy resources in oil refineries
Authors:   Omsk State Transport University, Vedruchenko V. R. , Rezanov E. M. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Starikov A. P. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Kushnarenko A. V. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Surovtsev P. A. ,   Omsk State Transport University, Kikhtenko V. A. ,   Omsk State Transport University
Published: June 2024

The article discusses the possibility of calculating the expected energy demand based on big data and machine learning for the energy technological processes in oil refineries. In order to obtain predictive data, linear regression, machine learning, and neural networks are proposed to be used to build a mathematical model. The advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed, and the accuracy of the models is compared with the possibility of interpreting them. Thanks to the use of advanced statistical methods, the variability of energy consumption can be interpreted through factor analysis. Through pilot tests, the practical significance of these proposed methods for their practical use in an energy management system is demonstrated, as well as the transition to statistical control of the process.
Development of non-existent in nature winter form of brown mustard at V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops (review)
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Bochkaryova E.B. , Bochkaryov N.I. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Trubina V.S. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Gorlova L.A. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: June 2024

Breeding of a new winter form of mustard started at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 1959. This work was aimed on increasing of crop yield due to winter plant growth. Hybrids between winter rapeseed and spring mustard were used as initial material. These species cross easily and had fertile progenies. A breeding sample No. 7823 was selected in hybrid combinations; it withstands low temperatures – from minus 10 to minus 15 °C at autumn sowing. At favorable overwintering conditions, yield of this sample was 2.0–2.8 t/ha, oil content of seeds – 44–48%. During further works, the winter mustard samples No. 26205 and 25582 with yield of 3.65–4.06 t/ha were selected. However, in unfavora-ble winter conditions, the winter resistance of winter mustard was 30–40% low than of winter rapeseed. In 1968, another method to develop winter mustard was chosen: by resynthesis from the elementary species – winter turnip rape (genome AA) and black mustard (genome BB). Usage of grafting and gamma radia-tion of pollen allowed producing F1 hybrid seeds. As a result of long-term works (1971–1989), based on resynthesis hybrids, the first in the world practice variety of winter mustard Suzdalskaya was developed. It competed with winter rapeseed by seed yield and winter resistance, however, erucic acid content in seed oil was 35–37%. In 2002, the first erucic acid free (1.5%) variety of winter mustard Snezhinka was submitted for the State trial. In 2010, the absolutely erucic acid free variety of winter mustard Dzhuna was included into the State register of breeding achievements. In 2022, the variety Vyuzhanka was included into the State Register, it exceeds the variety Dzhuna by seed yield by 0.72 t/ha and has oil of high quality.
Large-seeded broomrape resistant sunflower variety of confectionary type Kazak
Authors:   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Khatnyansky V.I. , Detsyna А.А. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Illationova I.V. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Antonova T.S. ,   V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops
Published: June 2024

A sunflower variety of confectionary type was developed at the V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops in 2019–2023. The purpose of the work was to develop lager-seeded forms of sunflower resistant to the exiting virulent broomrape race G. The research was conducted both on infected plots in field and in greenhouses and artificial climate chambers. A line RG was a donor of a resistance gen to the broomrape race G. The large-seeded sunflower variety SPK plus was a recipient. Consequent usage a complex of some methods: hybridization, back crossing, group repollination of resistant biotypes, allowed developing a population of large-seeded sunflower resistant to the broomrape race G (Orobanche cumana Wallr.). This variety is middle maturing. A growing season is 96–98 days. Seeds are large, fully formed, 1000 seeds weight at recommended plant population (30 thou-sand plants/ha) – 150–155 g. It is responsive to fertilizers, highly resistant to lodging. In zones of unstable and insufficient moistening, it is able to realize a productivity potential at the high level of agricultural techniques.
Dengue no Brasil: Uma Análise Decenal sob a Ótica Ecológica (2014-2023)
Authors: Castro Luana Fernandes da Silva Oliveira , Miranda Cecília Mendonça , Oliveira Fabiana Pimpão de , Araujo Esther Correia , Sousa Roberta Martins Anhezini de , Costa Junior Márcio Correia da , Bernardes Marcos Peres , Mendes Mikaelle Teixeira , Bobenrieth Paulo Roberto Dias , Barroso Wenderson Werneck Xavier
Published: June 2024

Objetivo: Investigar os padrões epidemiológicos da dengue no Brasil entre 2014 e 2023, analisando fatores determinantes, estratégias de vigilância e controle do vetor, impacto das mudanças climáticas e implicações socioeconômicas, com o propósito de contribuir para aprimorar políticas de prevenção e manejo clínico da doença. Métodos: Estudo epidemiológico descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal, utilizando dados do DATASUS e IBGE entre 2014 e 2023. Foram analisados casos notificados de óbitos por dengue nas cinco macrorregiões brasileiras. Aplicou-se estatística descritiva e os dados foram organizados no Microsoft Excel®. Resultados: Entre 2014 e 2023, foram notificados 10.125.185 casos de dengue no Brasil. Os anos de 2015, 2019, 2016, 2022 e 2023 registraram os maiores números de casos. A região Sudeste foi a mais afetada, destacando-se São Paulo, Minas Gerais e Goiás. Houve aumento significativo de casos confirmados laboratorialmente, com predominância do sorotipo DENV1 em 2023. Conclusão: O estudo revela um crescimento alarmante na carga de dengue, destacando a necessidade de estratégias eficazes de controle. A sobreposição com a COVID-19 e o ressurgimento de sorotipos reforçam a importância da vigilância contínua e abordagens abrangentes de saúde pública para enfrentar esse desafio crescente.
Perception of medical students and interns toward orthopedics as a future career in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Al-Ghanim Hassan A. , Al-Ali Mohammed A. , Alturaiki Hassan M. , Al Mousa Ali M. , ALshammary Alya A. , Alhamal Hussain
Published: June 2024

Objectives:

This study evaluated medical students’ and interns’ views on orthopedics as a career, focusing on the influence of mentors, rotations, and misconceptions around orthopedics.

Methods:

In November 2023, a cross-sectional study through an electronic questionnaire was conducted in Saudi Arabia. It was distributed to medical students and interns through social media, including WhatsApp group chats and broadcast lists, using relevant medical education hashtags.

Results:

Three hundred and ninety-three respondents agreed to participate, and their responses were included in the analysis. Females comprised 261 (66.4%) respondents. Interest in orthopedics as a career choice was indicated by 173 respondents (44%). One hundred and thirty participants (32.7%) were inspired in their first and second years of medical school. Nearly half of the participants (192; 48.9%) viewed the field positively. Mentors were identified by 50 respondents (12.7%) as pivotal in shaping their perspectives, while hospital training emerged as a significant influencer of medical students’ perceptions of orthopedics with 112 participants (28%).

Conclusion:

Most medical students view orthopedics positively, seeing it as prestigious and are often inspired early in their studies. Mentorship and hospital rotations are crucial, significantly shaping their perceptions and emphasizing the field’s rewards through practical experiences.
Retained wood penetrating the inferior orbital fissure removed after several months from injury: A case report and a comprehensive literature review
Authors: Aljabber Sara J. , Alghamdi Abdulaziz M. , Faidah Dania E. , Allarakia Yousof Fahad , Abdulqader Sarah Bin , Alzahrani Gmaan A.
Published: June 2024

Background:

Intraorbital wooden foreign bodies (IOWFBs) constitute a relatively rare ocular trauma. Clinically, it can be difficult to diagnose them due to their wide variety of clinical manifestations. In addition, radiologic diagnosis of IOWFBs is always uncertain and challenging since their low density and low intensity on initial images are identical to air and fat. Therefore, IOWFBs are commonly missed and may not be confirmed for days or months after the initial injury. This article endeavors to contribute to the existing literature on IOWFBs by adding a case of an unusual occurrence of retained wood penetrating the inferior orbital fissure (IOF). To date, there have been no documented instances of a similar occurrence in this particular anatomical location.

Case Description:

A 58-year-old female with a history of trauma sustained by a slipping accident 10 months before her referral to our hospital. She underwent multiple surgeries and was referred to us due to persistent right eye pain, periorbital swelling, recurrent eye discharge, and inferior orbital paresthesia. The imaging revealed a retained foreign body located in the right orbital floor inferior to the inferior rectus muscle extending to the sub-temporal fossa through the IOF. The residue was successfully removed without complications.

Conclusion:

A history of trauma followed by persistent symptoms should raise the suspicion of a retained foreign body, regardless of the severity of trauma or the time between trauma and clinical presentation. Appropriate and timely imaging, followed by surgical removal, remains the cornerstone of treatment with a favorable prognosis.
Predictors of radiation-induced changes in arteriovenous malformation patients undergoing radiosurgery: Insights from a Malaysian linear accelerator cohort
Authors: Tan Bih Huei , Kandasamy Regunath , Mohamad Siti Azleen , Thambinayagam Hari Chandra
Published: June 2024

Background:

Radiation-induced changes (RICs) post-stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) critically influence outcomes in arteriovenous malformation (AVM) treatments. This study aimed to identify predictors of RICs, described the types and severity of RICs, and assessed their impact on patient’s functional outcomes to enhance risk assessment and treatment planning for AVM patients.

Methods:

This retrospective study analyzed 87 AVM patients who underwent SRS at Hospital Kuala Lumpur between January 2015 and December 2020. RICs were identified through detailed magnetic resonance imaging evaluations, and predictive factors were determined using multiple logistic regression. Functional outcomes were assessed with the modified Rankin scale (mRS).

Results:

Among the cohort, 40.2% developed RICs, with radiological RICs in 33.3%, symptomatic RICs in 5.7%, and permanent RICs in 1.1%. Severity categorization revealed 25.3% as Grade I, 13.8% as Grade II, and 1.1% as Grade III. Notably, higher Pollock–Flickinger scores and eloquence location were significant predictors of RIC occurrence. There was a significant improvement in functional outcomes post-SRS, with a marked decrease in non-favorable mRS scores from 8.0% pre-SRS to 1.1% post-SRS (P = 0.031).

Conclusion:

The study identified the eloquence location and Pollock–Flickinger scores as predictors of RICs post-SRS. The significant reduction in non-favorable mRS scores post-SRS underscores the efficacy of SRS in improving patient outcomes. Their results highlighted the importance of personalized treatment planning, focusing on precise strategies to optimize patient outcomes in AVM management, reducing adverse effects while improving functional outcomes.
3D МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЕ РАСПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ ДЕФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ДЕФЕКТОВ В ОБЪЕМЕ МЕТАЛЛИЧЕСКОГО ГЦК-МОНОКРИСТАЛЛА
Authors: Соловьева Ю.В. , Липатникова Я.Д. , Мун Г.А. , Вовнова И.Г. , Старенченко В.А. , Черепанов Д.Н.
Published: June 2024

В работе представлены результаты 3D моделирования распределения и накопления дислокаций и малоугловых границ в объеме металлического ГЦК-монокристалла в процессе деформации одноосным сжатием. Расчеты выполнены в модели синтеза дислокационной кинетики и механики деформируемого твердого тела для случаев деформации без учета и с учетом сил торцевого трения. Приведены картины распределения интенсивности пластических деформаций, плотности дислокаций, плотности малоугловых границ в плоскости центрального продольного сечения деформируемого прямоугольного образца. Выявлены три области деформируемого объема кристалла, отличающиеся накоплением деформационных дефектов при наличии сил торцевого трения: торцевая часть кристалла, участки кристалла, прилегающие к свободной поверхности, и центральная часть. Проведена статистическая оценка степени однородности распределения деформационных дефектов в деформируемом объеме.
ОСОБЕННОСТИ НАКОПЛЕНИЯ И ВОЗВРАТА ДЕФОРМАЦИИ ПРИ МНОГОКРАТНОМ ЦИКЛИРОВАНИИ В СПЛАВАХ С ПАМЯТЬЮ ФОРМЫ
Authors: Плотников В.А. , Гусева А.В. , Грязнов А.С. , Пругов С.С.
Published: June 2024

Проведены исследования процесса накопления и возврата деформации при многократном циклировании мартенситных превращений в никелиде титана в условиях механического нагружения. Отмечено, что кроме обратимой деформации в каждом цикле отмечается накопление остаточной деформации. При этом, чем выше внешняя нагрузка, тем меньше величина обратимой деформации из-за накопления большой величины остаточной деформации. Накопление остаточной деформации свидетельствует о блокировке мартенситных кристаллов локальными полями механических напряжений (стабилизация мартенситной фазы), сформированными скоплениями полных дислокаций как результат фазового наклепа в сплаве на основе никелида титана. Эти мартенситные кристаллы уже не участвуют в циклах прямого и обратного превращения. Остаточная деформация ограничивает обратимый деформационный ресурс в условиях термомеханического нагружения.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ВЛИЯНИЯ ТЕРМОДИФФУЗИОННОГО БОРОХРОМИРОВАНИЯ НА СТРУКТУРУ И СВОЙСТВА СТАЛЕЙ AISI H12 И ASTM L6
Authors: Чжэн Ц. , Гурьев М.А. , Мэй Ш. , Черных Е.В. , Лыгденов Б.Д. , Гурьев А.М. , Кошелева Е.А.
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается широкое применение инструментальных сталей AISI H12 и ASTM L6 в промышленном секторе, а также требования к обработке их поверхности. Для увеличения твердости и износостойкости инструментальных сталей, а также решения проблемы недостаточной прочности соединения боридного слоя с основным материалом, предложен метод комплексного насыщения бором и хромом. Борохромирование улучшает твердость и пластичность боридного слоя, а также решает проблему его скалывания и низкой термостойкости. С помощью сканирующего электронного микроскопа (SEM) были исследованы микроструктуры борохромированного слоя и его высокотемпературная устойчивость. Результаты показали, что при увеличении содержания Cr2O3 до 2 %, слой становится более плотным, толщина слоя AISI H12 и ASTM L6 увеличивается до 55,4 мкм и 33,4 мкм соответственно и увеличивает разгаростойкость поверхности. Это исследование предоставляет важные указания и рекомендации для улучшения свойств сталей для штампового инструмента горячего деформирования и увеличения его срока службы.
ОСАЖДЕНИЕ ПОРОШКА ДИСИЛИЦИДА ВОЛЬФРАМА НА ТИТАНОВЫЙ СПЛАВ Ti6Al4V МЕТОДОМ ЭИЛ
Authors: Бурков А.А. , Кулик М.А. , Быцура А.Ю.
Published: June 2024

Покрытия на основе Ti–WSi способны обеспечить жаростойкость конструкционных материалов, а также устойчивость к коррозии и изнашиванию. Методом электроискрового легирования титанового сплава Ti6Al4V в анодной смеси из титановых гранул c добавлением 2, 6 и 10 об. % порошка дисилицида вольфрама получены металлокерамические Ti–WSi покрытия. Структуру покрытий изучали методами ренгенофазового анализа, растровой электронной микроскопии и микрорентгеноспектрального анализа. Испытания на жаростойкость проводились при температуре 900 °С в течении 100 часов. Износостойкость покрытий исследовались в условиях сухого трения при нагрузке 25 Н. По данным рентгенофазового анализа в составе покрытий присутствуют низкотемпературный WSi2, αTi, Ti5Si3 и высокотемпературный WSi2. С ростом содержания WSi2 в анодной смеси микротвердость покрытий монотонно возрастала с 11,93 до 13,24 ГПа. Средние значения коэффициента трения покрытий находились в диапазоне от 0,75 до 0,86. По результатам испытаний, износостойкость покрытий была от 3 до 7 раз выше, чем у сплава Ti6Al4V. Применение электроискровых Ti–WSi покрытий позволяет повысить жаростойкость титанового сплава Ti6Al4V от 7 до 14 раз.
ТЕПЛОВОЕ РАСШИРЕНИЕ АЛЮМИНИЕВЫХ СПЛАВОВ СПЕЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЗНАЧЕНИЯ ПОСЛЕ ОБРАБОТКИ РАСПЛАВА И ТЕРМООБРАБОТКИ
Authors: Попова М.В. , Малюх М.А.
Published: June 2024

Настоящая работа освещает результаты исследований, проведенных с целью определения влияния различных реагентов, используемых при обработке расплава, на температурный коэффициент линейного расширения (ТКЛР) двойных сплавов системы Al–(11÷40)%Si специального назначения. Установлено, что использование в качестве реагента для обработки расплава водного раствора сульфата меди CuSO4 и в качестве модификатора расплава смеси карбонатов щелочноземельных металлов (CaCO3∙MgCO3) позволяет снизить значения ТКЛР всех исследуемых сплавов в рабочем интервале температур. Было показано, что использование паров карбамида для обработки расплава приводит к снижению ТКЛР доэвтектических сплавов во всем температурном интервале испытаний. Установлено, что термическая обработка, заключающаяся в нагреве от 100 до 200 °C в течение 10 часов с последующим охлаждением на воздухе, способствует дальнейшему снижению значений ТКЛР исследуемых сплавов. Было отмечено повышение физико-механических характеристик сплавов Al–Si после модифицирования, что можно объяснить улучшением усвоения водорода и кислорода, вводимых в расплав. Сделано предположение, что частицы тугоплавких оксидов Ca и Mg, содержащихся в смеси, обеспечивают дополнительные многочисленные центры кристаллизации. В результате сделан вывод о том, что экологически безопасная технология модифицирования расплава смесью карбонатов щелочноземельных металлов позволяет снизить температуру перегрева расплава с 1100-1200 °С до 900 °С и сократить продолжительность процесса выплавки с 5-6 до 1-1,5 часов.
Potential and development prospects of wind generation on the Kola Peninsula
Authors: Lyubimova N. G. , Flaxman A. S. , Redin A. G. , Kuchkina A. D.
Published: June 2024

Currently, qualified generating stations powered by renewable ener gy sources (hereinafter referred to as RES) are becoming increasingly popular in the electric power industry. Wind farms and solar generating panels have become mostly common in the modern world. Russia is a vast country that offers many potential locations for RES facilities. The аrctic zones attract special attention. However, having chosen a potential location for the construction of such an object, it is necessary to analyse the effectiveness and feasibility of the investment project. The purpose of this study is to consider the current state of the Murmansk region’s energy system for further determination of the probability of new energy projects developing there. In this regard, the wind energy potential of the region has been assessed, and the forecast of electricity consumption for the period from 2024 to 2029 has been performed. The authors have analysed justifications and possibilities for the construction of wind power plants on the territory of the Kola Peninsula as an alternative to stations powered by hydrocarbon fuels. It has been found that the existing opportunities in the Russian region are favourable for the realisation of new wind farm on its territory. A comparative analysis of the Murmansk region and neighboring territories has shown that this area is suitable for implementing such investment projects.
Foreign experience of socially responsible investing: trends, problems and prospects
Authors: Korablin M. N.
Published: June 2024

The modern stock market is a constantly changing system that quickly reacts to changes in the environment. The recent events have sharply increased the degree of unpredictability and volatility of global development processes, which has significantly influenced the formation activity of such a segment of this market as socially responsible investing (hereinafter referred to as SRI). The article considers the dynamics of the foreign SRI market, analyses the main forms of state support for SDI in foreign countries as the most significant components for the effective functioning of the SRI ecosystem, highlights the major problems of the SRI market at the current stage. It is shown that at present one of the key challenges in the development of the SRI market is lack of a generally accepted integrated methodology, standards and methods for valuation and accounting of the allocation of securities and use of income from them precisely in connection with the ESG (еnvironmental, social, and governance) agenda. It leads to difficulties in assessing the SRI effectiveness, misuse of investments (greenwashing), to decreased trust in the instruments of the SRI market. The development of a unified approach to the system of assessing the effectiveness of SRI, the formation of common criteria and principles of work in the field of responsible investment will contribute to improving the social life of society, solving environmental problems, and more productive economic development of countries.
Principles of project management under the influence of changes in environments of project implementation
Authors: Tikhomirov A. A.
Published: June 2024

This article discusses an approach to forming principles of project management under the influence of changes in the environments of project implementation. The consideration of the environment of changes affecting the implementation of the project is presented, namely the internal environment of the project implementation, the internal and external environment of the parent (permanent) organisation. Examples of organisations’ adaptation to transformations in business environments are given. In terms of emerging changes in environments of the project implementation, the authors characterised a trace of a single change from a formalised set of changes in a particular environment to a field of knowledge according to the methodology of the classical theory of project management. Based on the principles and methodology of the theory of systems, a generalised scheme for managing tasks arising during project implementation is formalised, a mathematical record of the elements of this scheme is given with consideration to their mutual influence. Special attention is paid to such a concept as a control error. The realisation of one of the tasks of project management is illustrated with another example, indicating compliance with the theory of system management. Examples of transformation and diversification processes of the parent (permanent) project organisation are examined. In conclusion, the author formulated 5 principles of project management in the context of changing implementation environments.
Digital currency of the Central bank in Russia and in the world: current status and development prospects
Authors: Baranov D. V. , Shcherbachenko P. S.
Published: June 2024

The article presents an analysis of the main trends and prospects for the development of central bank digital currencies (hereinafter referred to as CBDC) in the global context and in the Russian Federation (hereinafter referred to as RF, Russia), comparing them with cryptocurrencies and traditional fiat currencies. Special attention is given to identifying such advantages of digital currencies over conventional ones as independence, security, transparency and the possibility of using smart contracts. However, CBDC, unlike cryptocurrencies, are subject to control and depend on the actions of central banks. The article includes an overview of the experience of various countries such as Russia, China, India, United Arab Emirates, France, and Nigeria. The analysis of the ratio of commission and interest income in the activities of Russian banks has also been conducted. It has been found that commission income in the banking sector is important, and the impact of introducing the digital ruble by the Central Bank of Russia on the banking system has been assessed. In conclusion, recommendations are proposed for introduction of the digital ruble into the daily activities of Russian banks, including consideration of the difficulties for them and active customer engagement as well as the need to create a separate organisation to control the operations of the digital ruble.