bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Maximum Flow Model with Multiple Origin and Destination and Its Application in Designing Urban Drainage Systems
Authors: Mu Ren , Liang Bohan , Zhang Shuyi , Wang Shiliang
Published: August 2024

With the frequent occurrence of extreme global weather and the rapid advancement of urbanization, the problem of urban waterlogging is becoming increasingly severe. This paper proposes new multi-origin and multi-destination maximum flow models by combining objective programming method with graph theory. Through these models, we have achieved an idealized design of urban drainage systems, an intelligent adjustment for drainage systems, and a low-cost optimization and improvement methods for pipeline networks. The related results based on a certain area in Changchun City indicate that the models proposed in this paper not only have strong real-life application value in the designing of urban drainage systems but also have more general applications in other fields such as traffic flow and logistics supply chain planning.
Comprehensive Analysis of Clinical Phenotype and Genetic Characteristics in Chinese Children with Retinoblastoma Caused by RB1 Gene Variant
Authors: fu zheng , yang hui , xiong weiwei , yin xue , fang weifang , li xiuting , wei xixiang
Published: August 2024

Objective: To summarize the clinical phenotype and genetic characteristics of 15 children with RB1 gene variant in Chinese population.
Methods: Case series study, Retrospective analysis. From January 1, 2022 to March 31, 2024, clinical data and genetic testing results of 15 children with retinoblastoma caused by RB1 gene mutation admitted to Xiamen Hospital of Fudan University Affiliated Pediatrics Hospital.Retrieve the PubMed database using keywords such as "China", "Retinoplastoma", and "RB1 genetic mutations", and collect English literature from the establishment of the database until March 2024.To describe and summarize the main clinical manifestations and genotype characteristics of children with retinoblastoma caused by RB1 gene variant.
Results: In this study, 15 children with 25 eyes, 8 males and 7 females, were diagnosed at 7 to 36 months, mean 16.00 ± 8.61 months; 10 patients affected both eyes and 5 single eyes. In the main complaint, 2 cases found no vision on physical examination, and 13 cases had white pupil. None of the 15 cases had a family genetic history.Whole-exon sequencing analysis found that 14 of 15 children were heterozygous for RB1 variant, 1 was chimeric variant, and 5 cases were not reported in the literature(c.608-1G>A, c.1818T>A, c.962dupA, c.2086A>T, c.574A>T. All 15 children were treated with eye preservation, including superselected arterial interventional chemotherapy, freezing, photocoagulation, systemic chemotherapy, eye picking, etc. The follow-up time was about 12-132 months, with an average of 39.20 ± 24.07 months, all with normal living conditions.
Conclusions: Genetic testing is still an effective method to confirm RB1 gene variation. The supplementary RB1 gene variation spectrum of Chinese people can provide a basis for the early diagnosis and treatment and genetic counseling of children.
Understanding the Learning Experience of Chinese Nursing Students in an English-Medium Instructional Program: Growth and Challenges
Authors: Liang Qianyu , Zheng Jiaqi , Zhang Weichen , Liu Qinxian , Lin Xiaodan , Guo Miaolan , Su Jing
Published: August 2024

Background Most previous studies on English-Medium Instruction (EMI) in the healthcare field have shown diverse and sometimes contradictory results. There is limited research on the understanding of the educational impacts of EMI in different cultural contexts.Purpose In depth explore the Chinese nursing students' learning experience under EMI teaching mode.Methods Thirty-two undergraduate students from Nursing EMI program were selected using convenience sampling to participate in Focus Group Discussion (FGD).Results Three major themes have been extracted: benefits of English Medium Instruction, challenges encountered during the process of Nursing EMI, students’ suggestions on Nursing EMI. These three major themes encompass fifteen sub-themes.Conclusion The Nursing EMI program has improved students’ comprehensive professionalism and international competency, however, coping with using English as the medium of instruction in China’s Nursing education remains in exploratory stage, and requires further educational revolution.
Research on the formation and precipitation of the southwest vortex impacted by the Plateau Vortex
Authors: Ai-juan Bai , Zhao Wang , Jin-feng Bai , Ye Yin
Published: August 2024

This study investigated the source, trajectory, and the precipitation patterns of the SouthWest (SW) vortex, which was linked with the Plateau (P) vortex. Based on the statistical study on the cases, 1) the SW vortex tended to originate at the northeastern and western peripheries of the Sichuan Basin, normally coinciding with the presence of the P vortices in the eastern region of the Tibetan Plateau. 2) Most of the aforementioned vortices may exhibit a longer life span. When these SW vortices remained within or in close proximity to the Basin, they resulted in severe storms of averaging approximately 50 mm per day. Once they departed from the Basin, eastern and southern China experienced rainfall exceeding 100 mm per day. In this regard, this study carried out an composite examination on 8 cases of SW vortices originated within the Basin, focusing on their common structure and precipitation formation mechanism. Subsequent findings were obtained from the composite examination: 1) The SW vortex and the P vortex were attributed from an ‘Ω’ circulation originating from blocking high pressure in the mid-high latitude region. The formation of the SW vortex was notably influenced by the significant action of two air currents. In the lower troposphere, the southwesterly jet of the South Asian monsoon flowed over and around the Yungui Plateau before entering the Basin from the eastern direction. Simultaneously, cold and dry air originating from the north flowed into the Basin at an average altitude of 600 hPa, moving alongside the front of the blocking high. The convergence of the two air current resulted in the horizontal wind shear, facilitating the movement of the cyclone of SW vortex. 2) Regarding the structure, both the SW vortex and the P vortex displayed a shallow synoptic system characterized by a vertical profile in the field of geopotential height below 500 hPa. Meanwhile, wet-cold cores formed around the sources at low altitudes, while the cyclonic eddy circulation from the vorticity extended into the upper troposphere. 3) The analysis on the atmospheric instability and dynamics suggested that the vortices’ eddies generated significant convective instability at lower levels, while the deep eddy circulation resulted in the convergence of water vapor and momentum forcing. The circulation patterns and instability conditions facilitated the occurrence of heavy precipitation associated with the SW vortex. Additionally, the presence of ample water vapor and subsequent latent heat served intensify rainstorm, thereby establishing a positive feedback effect cycle.
Occipital Nerve Stimulation for Cluster Headache: Lessons to Learn from the ‘Voltage Tuners’
Authors: Kollenburg Linda , Arnts Hisse , Heitkamp Mieke , Geerts Suzanne , Robinson Christopher , Dominguez Moises , Mulleners Wim , Kurt Erkan
Published: August 2024

Background: Cluster headache (CH) is a significant health concern due to its major socioeconomic consequences and most patients being refractory to conventional strategies. For treatment resistant CH, occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) is considered an effective treatment option. Whereas most patients do not adjust the amplitude of the ONS system, a subset changes the amplitude on a regular basis using their remote control, and are therefore referred to as ‘voltage tuners’. Anxiety and self-control are thought to be central themes to this behavior. Research on this voltage tuning behavior could provide new insights in the use of ONS as acute attack treatment. To date, voltage tuning has not been assessed for CH. Hence this is a unique study aiming to investigate the occurrence and efficacy of voltage tuning in patients with CH and ONS.
Methods: For this analysis, patients with CH who received ONS from 2020-2024, at our university medical center, were included. All patients underwent bilateral ONS implantation. Data on attack frequency, intensity and duration were collected retrospectively. Outcomes on the response, frequency, moment during the day, duration, rationale, sensation, average increase in amplitude, and efficacy of voltage tuning were collected with prospective interviews.
Results: Thirty-three patients (M=20)(42±12.7 years) were included in the current analysis. At 1y follow-up, an overall response rate of 70% (23/33) was found for ONS. In total, 48% (18/33) of patients were defined as voltage tuners. Voltage tuning was performed with an average increase in amplitude of 92 (20-360)%, a frequency of 1-20 times/month and duration of 20 minutes-48 hours. Sensations of voltage tuning were described as ‘’tingling’’ and/or ‘’pinching’’. The rationale for voltage tuning in patients varied from prevention and ceasing to lowering the intensity and enhance control of CH attack.
Conclusion: Outcomes show that voltage tuning may cease and/or terminate CH attacks and therefore raise interests in the use of ONS as acute attack treatment for patients with resistant CH treated with ONS. Future research on the occurrence and potential of voltage tuning will provide valuable insights for achieving optimal efficacy of ONS and quality of life in patients with CH.
Premium effect and compensation mechanism for installing elevators in old residential buildings in China
Authors: Zhou Xianghong , Liu Qiong , Yang Weidong
Published: August 2024

The installation of elevators in old residential buildings in China has become a pressing issue, with significant implications for property values, resident well-being, and social equity. We provide empirical research on the effects of cost sharing, compensation, and residential building price premiums after elevators are installed in old residential buildings in China. Utilizing data on 2,133 resale properties in Shanghai's Hongkou District from February 25 to March 3, 2020, we find that when the government subsidizes households more than it does elevator service providers, the decision-making strategies of households and elevator service providers are consistent, and the price of the residential building increases significantly after the elevator is installed. Furthermore, our results indicate the third floor is the critical floor for cost-benefit conversion after incorporating various factors that determine premium pricing for different floors into the subsidy policy. Consequently, the households on floors below the third floor should be adequately compensated because they are impacted the least in terms of the convenience and price premiums of installing elevators, and households on floors from the third floor up should share the cost of installation. Grounded in evolutionary game theory, this study highlights the necessity of considering the spatial heterogeneity of quasi-public goods and formulating a scientific and effective compensation mechanism when installing elevators in aging buildings.
Integrated weeds control through seed priming, irrigation and nitrogen in wheat under saline conditions
Authors: Hussain Zahid , Amin Roohul , Shah Wajid Ali , Ahmad Manzoor , Alam Iftikhar , Khan Rahamdad , Rasheed Syed Majid , Sher Ali , Jan Attaullah
Published: August 2024

Heavy weed infestations are reportedly dependent on flood irrigation and broadcast application of fertilizers. The main objectives of this study were to control weeds and save precious irrigation water by controlled irrigation, placement nitrogen fertilizer and seed priming in wheat. Experiments were conducted at three ecological zones of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2017-19 with Randomized Complete Block design. Three levels of urea (46% N) with broadcast and placement demonstrated against three irrigations (Management Allowed Depletion Technique-MAD). Wheat seed priming was imposed to maintain uniformity of the experiments in terms of emergence and uniform stand establishment. Highest weeds infestations were correlated with broadcast 120 kg urea ha− 1 under 60% MAD irrigation. And lowest weeds were observed for placement 60 kg urea ha− 1 under 70% MAD irrigation. It was concluded that placement 90 kg urea ha− 1 with 70% MAD irrigation alongside with priming technique (hydro priming and osmo-priming with PEG) enhanced yield of wheat and increased water and nitrogen use efficiencies. These finding could be further utilized for developing computer simulated models for irrigation and fertilizers in wheat.
Fungicide use intensity influences the soil microbiome and fungal disease suppressiveness in amenity turfgrass
Authors: Chou Ming-Yi , Patil Apoorva Tarihalkar , Huo Daowen , Lei Qiwei , Kao-Kniffin Jenny , Koch Paul
Published: August 2024

Background
Understanding the factors that facilitate disease suppressive soils will contribute to more sustainable plant protection practices. Disease suppressive soils have been documented in many economically important crops, but not in turfgrass, one of the most intensively managed plant systems in the United States. Dollar spot, caused by the fungus Clarireedia jacksonii, is the most economically important disease of managed turfgrass and has historically been controlled through intensive use of fungicides. However, previous anecdotal observations of lower dollar spot severity on golf courses with less intensive fungicide histories suggests that intensive fungicide usage may suppress microbial antagonism of pathogen activity. This study explored the suppressive activity of transplanted microbiomes against dollar spot from seven locations in the Midwestern U.S. and seven locations in the Northeastern U.S. with varying fungicide use histories. Creeping bentgrass was established in pots containing homogenized sterile potting mix and field soil and inoculated with C. jacksonii upon maturity. Bacterial and fungal communities of root-associated soil and phyllosphere were profiled with short-amplicon sequencing to investigate the microbial community associated with disease suppression.
Results
The results clearly showed that plants grown in the transplanted soil microbiome collected from sites with lower fungicide intensities exhibited reduced disease severity. Plant growth promoting and pathogen antagonistic microbes may be responsible for disease suppression, but further validation is required. Additional least squares regression analysis of the fungicides used at each location suggested that contact fungicides such as chlorothalonil and fluazinam had greater influence on the microbiome disease suppressiveness than penetrant fungicides. Potential organisms antagonistic to Clarireedia were identified in the subsequent amplicon sequencing analysis but further characterization and validation is required.
Conclusion
Given the current reliance on fungicides for plant disease control, this research provides new insights into potential non-target effects of repeated fungicide usage on disease suppressive soils. It also indicates that intensive fungicide usage can decrease the activity of beneficial soil microbes. The results from this study can be used to identify more sustainable disease management strategies for a variety of economically important and intensively managed pathosystems.
New insight into a simple high-yielding method for the production of fully folded and functional recombinant human CCL5
Authors: Tufail Afzaal , Akkad Saeed , Noble Amanda R. , Fascione Martin A. , Signoret Nathalie
Published: August 2024

Chemokines are proteins important for a range of biological processes from cell-directed migration (chemotaxis) to cell activation and differentiation. Chemokine C-C ligand 5 (CCL5) is an important pro-inflammatory chemokine attracting immune cells towards inflammatory sites through interaction with its receptors CCR1/3/5. Recombinant production of large quantities of CCL5 in Escherichia coli is challenging due to formation of inclusion bodies which necessitates refolding, often leading to low recovery of biologically active protein. To combat this, we have developed a method for CCL5 production that utilises the purification of SUMO tagged CCL5 from E. coli SHuffle cells avoiding the need to reform disulfide bonds through inclusion body purification and yields high quantities of CCL5 (25.7 mg/L). We demonstrated that the CCL5 produced was fully functional by assessing well-established cellular changes triggered by CCL5 binding to CCR5, including receptor phosphorylation and internalisation, intracellular signalling leading to calcium flux, as well as cell migration. Overall, we demonstrate that the use of solubility tags, SHuffle cells and low pH dialysis constitutes an approach that increases purification yields of active CCL5 with low endotoxin contamination for biological studies.
Management practices can improve yields of carbon-rich cocoa agroforests in Brazil
Authors: Figueiredo Marina Gomes , Rocha-Santos Larissa , Mariano-Neto Eduardo , Schroth Götz , Benchimol Maíra , Morante-Filho José Carlos , Faria Deborah
Published: August 2024

Solutions to enhance agricultural productivity, along with delivering social and environmental benefits, stand as major challenges in this century. Cocoa, the third most traded commodity worldwide, is primarily cultivated by small-holding producers in biodiversity-rich, conservation-priority tropical regions. This raises questions regarding optimal management practices that maximize agricultural yields, diversify producers' income, and ensure biodiversity maintenance and ecosystem services. We evaluate the main factors affecting cocoa productivity and carbon stock in cocoa agroforestry systems in southern Bahia, Brazil, aiming to identify win-win scenarios for both socioeconomic and environmental. We carefully selected and sampled 47 agroforest farms embedded within different landscape contexts, and evaluated the response of cocoa productivity to landscape forest cover, vegetation structure, shade level, carbon stock, and management practices, based on in-situ surveys and interviews. We also assessed the relationship between landscape forest cover, shade levels, and management practices to carbon stock. Our results indicate no significant relationship between productivity and local gradient shading, although the frequency of management practices positively affected cocoa yields. Conversely, shade trees played a key role in overall carbon storage (93% of the total amount), indicating a high potential for the carbon market in addition to safeguarding threatened species. Our study also shows that achieving sustainable intensification in cocoa production involves prioritizing management practices such as weed control, pruning cocoa trees, adjusting the total number of cocoa trees per hectare, and applying mineral or organic fertilizer. We therefore provide guidelines on how to effectively manage trade-offs between cocoa productivity, biodiversity conservation, and the delivery of key ecosystem services in tropical forest landscapes.
First report of the destroyer ant Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon, 1851) (Hymenoptera, Formicidae, Myrmicinae) as a pest of red dragon fruit Selenicereus costaricensis (Cactaceae): a case of extrafloral nectaries, evolved for self-defense, ended up becoming a source of harm to the plant
Authors: Akheela P. , Prathapan K. D. , Santhoshkumar T.
Published: August 2024

The destroyer ant, Trichomyrmex destructor (Jerdon, 1805) (Formicidae, Myrmicinae), is newly reported as a pest of the red dragon fruit Selenicereus costaricensis (F. A. C. Weber) S. Arias & N. Korotkova ex Hammel (Cactaceae). It feeds on the areoles, scale leaves and surrounding green tissues at the base of spines of S. costaricensis, due to the presence of extrafloral nectaries. The damaged portions turned yellow and then dark brown to black. The extent of infestation on the cladode was 0–50%. Besides cladode, flowers and fruits were also damaged. Up to 90% fruits and/flowers were infested on four clumps. This is a case of direct cost of production of extrafloral nectaries, which are protective in function against herbivores. This is the first report of extrafloral nectaries in S. costaracensis.
Biological aging mediates the association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease: Results from a national population study and Mendelian randomization analysis
Authors: Zhang Zhaoqi , Zhao Xingru , Gao Shang , Li An , Deng Ke , Yang Kai , Liu Wei , Du Mi
Published: August 2024

Background
The relationship between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been extensively studied, but the role of biological aging in this relationship remains poorly understood. This study is dedicated to investigating the effect of periodontitis on the incidence of CVD and to elucidating the potential mediating role of biological aging. Furthermore, this study will seek to elucidate the causal association between periodontitis, CVD, and biological aging.
Methods
We included 3269 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2009–2014) with diagnostic information on periodontitis and composite CVD events. Biological aging was evaluated by utilizing both the Klemera-Doubal method's calculated biological age (KDMAge) and phenotypic age (PhenoAge). Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, and subgroup analysis were used for data analysis. Mediation analysis was employed to explore the mediating role of biological aging. Subsequently, Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses were performed using genome-wide association study databases to explore potential causal relationships between periodontitis, CVD, and biological aging.
Results
Periodontitis was associated with a higher risk of CVD. Participants with periodontitis were found to have increased levels of biological aging, and elevated levels of biological aging were associated with increased CVD risk. Mediation analyses showed a partial mediating effect of biological aging (PhenoAge: 44.6%; KDMAge: 22.9%) between periodontitis and CVD risk. MR analysis showed that periodontitis played a causal role in increasing the risk of small vessel stroke, while myocardial infarction was found to increase the risk of periodontitis. In addition, reverse MR analysis showed that phenotypic aging can increase the risk of periodontitis, and there is a two-way causal relationship between CVD and biological aging.
Conclusions
Periodontitis is associated with an increased CVD risk, partially mediated by biological aging, with a complex causal interrelationship. Targeted interventions for periodontal health may slow the biological aging processes and reduce CVD risk.
Haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation improves the survival of older patients with myeloid malignancies under low-dose antithymocyte globin (ATG)/post-cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based regimen for graft-versus-host disease prophylaxis
Authors: Song Xianmin , Jia Yannan , Xia Xinxin , jun yang , Cai Yu , Tong Yin , Qiu Huiying , Huang Chongmei , Zhou Kun , Zhang Ying , Shen Chang , Wan Liping
Published: August 2024

Our study delved into the clinical outcomes of haploidentical peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (haplo-PBSCT) for older patients, utilizing a novel low-dose antithymocyte globin (ATG)/post-cyclophosphamide (PTCy)-based regimen to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). We juxtaposed these outcomes with transplants from matched unrelated/sibling donors (MUD/MSD) for elderly patients with myeloid malignancies from 2016 to 2023. The study encompassed 127 patients, with 40 undergoing MUD/MSD-PBSCT and 87 receiving haplo-PBSCT. The incidences of grades Ⅱ-Ⅳ and Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute GVHD were similar between the two groups, the haplo-PBSCT cohort displayed a promising trend toward reduced incidence of moderate to severe chronic GVHD compared to MUD/MSD-PBSCT (8.19% vs 23.40%, P = 0.067). The 2-year disease-free survival (74.11% vs 59.67%, P = 0.231) and overall survival (76.30% vs 64.00%, P = 0.482) rates were comparable, while haplo-PBSCT exhibited higher graft-versus-host disease-free, relapse-free survival (GRFS) (68.85% vs 46.61%, P = 0.041) and lower cumulative incidences of relapse (CIR) (11.16% vs 31.98%, P = 0.010) compared to MUD/MSD-PBSCT. Our findings underscore the potential of haploidentical transplants with the low-dose ATG/PTCy-based regimen to yield improved GRFS and lower CIR for older patients with hematologic malignancies. Thus, haploidentical donors, especially when coupled with this specified GVHD prevention strategy, emerge as a viable and appealing graft source for elderly patients requiring allo-SCT.
WITHDRAWN: Optimized Cost Estimation in Software Project Planning using Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Jaiswal Ajay , Raikwal Jagdish , Raikwal Pushpa
Published: August 2024

Effective software project planning is essential for accurate cost estimation, optimizing resources and ensuring project success. This study integrates Fuzzy Logic and Genetic Algorithms (GA) to improve prediction accuracy in software project cost estimation, addressing challenges like computational complexity, diverse project parameters, dynamic requirements handling, and integration into project management frameworks. Using the Desharnais, Maxwell, and Kitchenham datasets, the research employs Word2Vec embeddings for feature extraction and Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE) for optimal feature selection. The proposed model combines Fuzzy Logic for initial modelling, GA for parameter optimization, and RFE to select key features. Evaluation metrics, including Mean Absolute Error (MAE), R-squared (R²), and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), illustrate varying levels of accuracy. For the Desharnais dataset, the combination of fuzzy logic and Genetic Algorithm (GA) significantly improves the performance, reducing MAE from 0.621 to 0.419 and RMSE from 0.453 to 0.323. Similarly, on Maxwell, MAE decreases to 0.642 and RMSE to 0.521 from 0.946 and 0.767, while on Kitchenham, MAE improves to 0.304 and RMSE to 0.312 from 0.561 and 0.521 with fuzzy + GA. This study not only enhances software cost estimation but also suggests future improvements in model parameterization and real-time data integration for more precise project planning and management.
FLOATing through stress: Virtual reality reduces anxiety in a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Enav Yael , Bahar Naama , Fonar Yuri , Lurie Ido , Mayer Yael
Published: August 2024

The increasing prevalence of anxiety disorders across the world presents a critical mental health challenge, profoundly affecting overall well-being and elevating risks to both physical and mental health. Virtual Reality (VR) systems, known for creating immersive environments, have gained prominence in technological interventions. This study explores FLOAT, a groundbreaking VR application by Brainswitch Labs Inc., targeting highly anxious young adults. FLOAT's immersive environment, with soothing music and dynamic stimuli, aims to alleviate anxiety while ensuring sustained user engagement. In a randomized controlled trial, FLOAT's efficacy is evaluated alongside a well-established cognitive behavioral therapy distraction technique, recognized for mitigating intense negative emotions. Participants (n = 61) were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 30) and control (n = 31) groups. Anxiety and well-being levels were assessed before and after the intervention. The study demonstrates FLOAT's effectiveness in reducing anxiety during VR sessions, aligning with the distraction strategy's efficacy in the control group. Both groups exhibited improved well-being post-treatment with no significant differences. This research provides valuable insights into VR applications, emphasizing FLOAT's potential for managing anxiety among highly anxious young adults and suggesting broader implications for VR interventions in mental health contexts.
Modeling and Capacity Analysis of UAVs-assisted Three-tier Heterogeneous Wireless Networks
Authors: Su Zhan , Zhu Xiaorong
Published: August 2024

In this paper, we develop a system capacity analysis model for three-tier heterogeneous wireless networks in emergency scenarios. These networks comprise a device access layer, an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) relay layer, and a backhaul layer. First, we derive the ergodic capacity of the device access layer using Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) communication, where the distribution of ground heterogeneous devices is modeled as a Poisson Point Process (PPP). Next, we formulate an optimization problem for the throughput rate of the UAV relay layer by analyzing resource allocation, with the maximum value representing the capacity of the UAV relay layer. To address the issue of unfair resource allocation, we introduce a satisfaction function as a new objective for the optimization problem. Then, we use a model based on independent and directional beamforming technology, which supports Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) communication, to calculate the capacity of the backhaul layer. Finally, the overall system capacity is determined as the minimum capacity among the three layers. Analysis and simulation results demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed model. Additionally, compared to other schemes, the proposed resource allocation scheme for the UAV relay layer performs well in terms of user access fairness.
Green synthesis of carbon nanodots (CNDs) moderated by flavonoid extracts from Moringa oleifera leaves and co-doped sulfur/nitrogen (NS – CNDs – Fla) and their potential for heavy metals sensing application
Authors: Wahyudi Sriati , Rizoputra Ivan , Panatarani Camellia , Faizal Ferry , Bahtiar Ayi
Published: August 2024

Moringa oleifera is the “magic tree” which contains many bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, especially in its leaves. Natural flavonoids and glycosides with specific components of structure can bind to metal ions. The content of bioactive compounds such as total flavonoids found in Moringa oleiferaleaves is 172.10 mg/g. In addition, carbon (47.34%), nitrogen (51.67%), and sulfur (0.99%) are also the main composition. Then, the carbon nanodots (CNDs) synthesized in this research were moderated by flavonoid extract from Moringa oleifera using the hydrothermal method. The technique is easy, ecologically friendly, and requires neither specialized device or reagents. In practice, the CNDs produced are almost circular, with an average diameter of 3.49 nm. Furthermore, we enhanced synthesis CNDs - Fla with heteroatoms of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). They display a broad excitation-emission spectrum, excitation-dependent emission, and extraordinary fluorescence. Therefore, the synthesis of CNDs using flavonoids from Moringa oleifera as precursors would be a great potential candidate for the development of novel types of heavy metals sensing.
Empagliflozin alleviates renal inflammation in Sprague Dawley diabetic rats by inhibiting TLR4 / NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome activation
Authors: Wei Jianbin , Zeng Xiaochun , Ji Kuirong , Zhang Lingyi , Fan Mingliang , Hao Lanxiang , Chen Xiaomin
Published: August 2024

Aims
To investigate the potential effects of the SGLT2 inhibitor empagliflozin on renal inflammatory pathways in diabetic rats.
Materials and Methods
Sprague Dawley (SD) diabetic rats model was established by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 35 mg/kg) after 4-week high-sugar and high-fat diet intervention. Rats were randomly assigned to three groups: normal control (NC), diabetes with normal saline (DM + NS), and diabetes with empagliflozin (DM + EMP). Empagliflozin (10mg/kg/day) or equivalent volume of normal saline was administered to the appropriate group. After 4 weeks intervention, the rats were euthanized, and kidney tissues were obtained. The mRNA transcription levels of TLR4, NF-κB, NLRP3, IL-1β, IL-18, caspase-1, caspase-3, and TGF-β1 were assessed using the RT-qPCR. Additionally, Western blot analysis was conducted to determine TLR4, NF-κB, NLRP3 and IL-18 protein expression levels in the rat kidneys.
Results
Compared to the DM + NS group, the mRNA levels of TLR4, NF-κB, NLRP3, and IL-18 were significantly decreased in the DM + EMP group, TLR4[1.02 (0.32, 2.66) vs. 0.17(0.06, 0.27), P = 0.022], NF-κB[1.38 (1.12, 2.05) vs. 0.82(0.69, 1.00), P = 0.002], and NLRP3[0.60 (0.13, 0.93) vs. 0.04(0.03, 0.18), P = 0.025], IL-18[1.66(1.50, 1.76) vs. 6.68(2.17, 11.16), P = 0.002], respectively. The mRNA levels of IL-1β, caspase-1, caspase-3, and TGF-β1 were demonstrated a significant decrease, but did not reach statistical significance. Empagliflozin attenuated the protein expression of TLR4, NF-κB, NLRP3 and IL-18, which seem to restore to near normal control levels.
Conclusion
Our research suggests that empagliflozin may exert anti-inflammatory effects in the kidney tissue by inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB axis activation and the priming of NLRP3 inflammasome.
Source Apportionment and Ecological Risk of Heavy Metals in Taihu Lake from 2020 to 2022
Authors: Bao Guangjing , Zhao Hongrun , Ji Chao , Hou Dawei , Deng Aiping , Li Fazhi
Published: August 2024

To determine the source apportionment and ecological risk of heavy metals in water from a spatiotemporal perspective, the 7 samples were monitored from 2020 to 2022 in Taihu Lake. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis were employed to identify the sources of heavy metals, and the temporal and spatial characteristics of ecological risk were analyzed using the Mann-Kendall test, mean gravity center, and standard-deviation ellipse. The results indicated an increase in median concentration of heavy metals in the following order: Cd < Pb < Hg < Cu < As < Ni < Zn, These metals were primarily derived from industrial and agricultural activities. Overall, the ecological risks posed by heavy metals were deemed acceptable, with the exception of Hg, which showed considerable potential ecological risk. Furthermore, the potential ecological risk exhibited a significant decreasing trend, with Z-values passing the 95% confidence interval significance test, except for S3. The mean gravity centers of the potential ecological risk were located within an ellipse with center coordinates of (120.2553, 31.3718), major axis of 44525m, minor axis of 28225m, and a direction of 0.4463°. This study contributes to the enrichment of research perspectives for ecological risk and provides valuable insights for the development of mitigation strategies for heavy metals in Taihu Lake.
Optimizing Smart Home Task Scheduling with the Octopus Adaptive Intelligence Algorithm in Fog Computing
Authors: BHAKHAR RUCHIKA , Chhillar Rajender Singh
Published: August 2024

The integration of fog computing within the Internet of Things (IoT) ecosystem necessitates advanced solutions for optimizing task scheduling to enhance responsiveness and resource utilization effectively. Traditional methods often struggle to dynamically adapt to the fluctuating demands of fog computing environments, particularly in minimizing latency and optimizing energy consumption. This paper introduces the Octopus Adaptive Intelligence Algorithm (OAIA), a novel approach inspired by the highly adaptive behaviors of octopuses. OAIA dynamically adjusts task allocations based on real-time changes in environmental conditions and workloads, aiming to optimize resource utilization and reduce response times. The innovation of OAIA lies in its flexible, condition-responsive mechanism that allows for continuous tuning of scheduling parameters in response to varying task demands and node capacities. This adaptive capability ensures the rapid processing of latency-sensitive tasks by utilizing the proximity of fog nodes and efficiently manages latency-tolerant tasks within the cloud. The performance of OAIA was rigorously evaluated through a series of controlled simulations within a fog computing environment, examining its response to different variables such as the number of tasks, fog nodes, cloud nodes, and the maximum number of iterations. Empirical results from these simulations demonstrate that OAIA not only effectively handles increasing complexities and adapts to varied resource distributions but also significantly improves fitness scores—indicative of enhanced latency, energy consumption, and resource utilization—compared to traditional scheduling strategies. Our comparative results reveal that OAIA consistently outperforms established algorithms such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Genetic Algorithms (GA) in achieving lower fitness values, indicative of more efficient task management. These findings underscore the potential of adaptive algorithms in efficiently managing the complex and variable demands of fog computing systems, setting the stage for future advancements in intelligent task scheduling for IoT environments. This study paves the way for further exploration into adaptive and intelligent solutions that can cater to the nuanced needs of modern fog computing frameworks, enhancing their efficacy and applicability across diverse real-world applications.
Microstrip plastic scintillating detector system for quality assurance in synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy
Authors: Thevenet Florian , Keshmiri Sarvenaz , Degouttes Jerome , Livingstone Jayde , Lu Guo-Neng , Adam Jean-François , Pittet Patrick
Published: August 2024

Synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy (MRT), which has entered the clinical transfer phase, requires the development of appropriate quality assurance (QA) tools due to very high dose rates and spatial hyperfractionation. A microstrip plastic scintillating detector system with associated modules was proposed in the context of real-time MRT QA. A prototype of such a system with 105 scintillating microstrips was developed and tested under MRT conditions. The signal obtained from each microstrip when irradiated was reproducible, linear with the dose, and independent of both the dose rate and the beam energy. The detector prototype was capable of measuring an entire 52-microbeam field in real time and exhibited outstanding radiation hardness. It could withstand more than 100 kGy absorbed dose, which is at least ten times higher than the doses reported in the literature for plastic scintillators before deterioration. The potential of this detector system in MRT QA was demonstrated in this study.
An In Vitro Study Evaluating The Intrarenal Pressure During RIRS of Suction Ureteral Access Sheath Versus Traditional Sheath
Authors: Liu Shusheng , Zhang Guanghan , Chai Chu ann , Limudomporn Pasin , Liu Weijie , Zhong Jian , Pang Xuliang , Ai Guoyao , Huang Zhicong , Zeng Guohua , Zhu Wei
Published: August 2024

Introduction: Flexible ureteroscopy (fURS) is widely recognized as an effective treatment for ureteral or renal stones. The used of flexible urinary endoscopy provides an effective treatment for ureteral stones, and the development of vacuum suction ureteral access sheaths has significantly improved the stone clearance rate. Our experimental aim is to prove the effectiveness of negative suction ureteral access sheath on decreasing intraluminal pressure in various settings, utilizing by stimulating an in vitroflexible ureteroscope model. Methods: An 8.6Fr disposable flexible ureteroscope was used to measure intraluminal pressure through a manufactured silicone urinary model using 3D printing technology. We conducted on three settings use of ureteral access sheaths (UAS), which are (1) conventional UAS, (2) negative pressure suction sheath with an open vent, and (3) negative pressure suction sheath with a fully closed vent. Intrarenal pressure and irrigation flow rate were recorded on various sizes of UAS under irrigation pressures ranging from 10 to 240 mmHg. Results: Under different infusion pressure conditions, the negative pressure sheath with an opened vent demonstrated marginally lower intraluminal ureteral pressure than the traditional sheath, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.56). In contrast, when employing the closed vent method, the negative pressure aspiration sheath shwed a notably significantly distinct intraluminal pressure change from the traditional sheath and its opened vent mode (P < 0.01). Additionally, The choice of ureteral sheath size profoundly impacted intraluminal pressure; larger sheath sizes were associated with more reduced pressure levels under the same infusion pressure (P < 0.01). Conclusions: In ureteroscopy procedures, the intraluminal pressure in the ureter increases with the rise in irrigation pressure. However, applying negative pressure with a closed vent can effectively reduce the intraluminal pressure.
Enhancing Code Security with CodeSheriff: A Multi-Language Vulnerability Scanner
Authors: M Aravind , SD Kausal , G Saranya , Jamal Sajjad shaukat , Aljaedi Amer , Alblehai Fahad
Published: August 2024

Securing code has become a significant challenge in software development due to cyber threats. Identifying vulnerabilitiesduring development is crucial to reduce security risks. The solution, Codesheriff, is a Telegram bot that scans for vulnerabilitiesautomatically. Codesheriff uses a fastText model trained on the Rosetta Code dataset to detect programming languagesprecisely and employs customized models for detecting vulnerabilities in C, C++, Python, Java, PHP, and JavaScript. Itsperformance is measured against tools like Veracode and Fortify using various metrics. Experiments show Codesheriffachieved precision rates of 93.6% for Python, 93.5% for C/C++, 94.5% for Java, 91.8% for PHP, and 92.4% for JavaScript,demonstrating its robustness and practicality in secure code development.
The motivations, interests and concerns of prospective peer leaders of nature-based mental health interventions
Authors: Reeves Jonathan P. , Freeman Will , Patel-Calverley Raksha , Newth Julia L. , Plimpton Ben
Published: August 2024

BackgroundThere is renewed, cross-sectoral interest in nature's contributions to health and how they can be maximised for public and planetary health. Current enquiry is focused on practicalities and what strategies and collaborations are needed to operationalise the nature-health relationship for both people and the environment. Nature-based health interventions (NBIs), especially those within the framework of nature-based social prescribing (NBSP), show promise. However, in the UK, there are limitations to initiating and scaling activities due to issues like: navigating multi-stakeholder partnerships, building a work force and sustaining the provision. The short ‘course’, finite format of NBSP programmes also creates a ‘what next’ moment for participants despite willingness and interest from many participants in peer leadership type activity i.e. offering social support and leadership to help others in their community to partake in nature-based health activities.
Aim: To explore peer-led community delivery options for NBIs with prospective peer leaders.
Method: We recruited seventeen study participants for a daylong workshop exploring motivations, activities and perceived challenges of prospective peer leaders of NBIs. The study participants had a) been through, or supported delivery/participation of, a UK wetland-based NBSP programme for poor mental health and b) expressed an interest in peer leadership activities. The data underwent reflexive thematic analysis.
Results.Motivations of prospective peer leaders to offer nature-based health activities related to the promotion of personal and community wellbeing through learning, sharing nature experiences, creating social connections, and through interests in facilitating a wide range of nature-based and salutogenic activities (e.g. arts/creative, conservation, nature appreciation, mental wellbeing activities). Concerns from peer leaders centred on the practicalities of establishing and safely delivering nature-based activity, on the personal competencies required to deliver NBIs, nervousness with the medicalised nature of social prescribing, and on resource needs for delivery; the latter highlighted the importance of local nature provision for community-led NBI delivery.
Conclusions: Community-led NBIs offer potential to broaden public health options, but community concerns need to be addressed first. There is a role for allied NGO organisations, or social prescribing networks, to share resources and support communities and prospective peer leaders to overcome these concerns.
Detecting departures from the conditional independence assumption in diagnostic latent class models: A simulation study
Authors: Okkaoglu Yasin , Welton Nicky J , Jones Hayley E
Published: August 2024

Background
Latent class models can be used to estimate diagnostic accuracy without a gold standard test. Early studies often assumed independence between tests given the true disease state, however this can lead to biased estimates when there are inter-test dependencies. Residual correlation plots and chi-squared statistics have been commonly utilized to assess the validity of the conditional independence assumption and, when it does not hold, identify which test pairs are conditionally dependent. We aimed to assess the performance of these tools with a simulation study covering a wide range of scenarios.
Methods
We generated data sets from a model with four tests and a dependence between tests 1 and 2 within the diseased group. We varied sample size, prevalence, covariance, sensitivity and specificity, with 504 combinations of these in total, and 1000 data sets for each combination. We fitted the conditional independence model in a Bayesian framework, and reported absolute bias, coverage, and how often the residual correlation plots, G2 and χ2 statistics indicated lack-of-fit globally or for each test pair.
Results
Across all settings, residual correlation plots, pairwise G2 and χ2 detected the correct correlated pair of tests only 12.1%, 10.3%, and 10.3% of the time, respectively, but incorrectly suggested dependence between tests 3 and 4 64.9%, 49.7%, and 49.5% of the time. We observed some variation in this across parameter settings, with these tools appearing to perform more as intended when tests 3 and 4 were both much more accurate than tests 1 and 2. Residual correlation plots, G2 and χ2 statistics identified a lack of overall fit in 74.3%, 64.5% and 67.5% of models, respectively. The conditional independence model tended to overestimate the sensitivities of the correlated tests (median bias across all scenarios 0.094, 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles − 0.003, 0.397) and underestimate prevalence and the specificities of the uncorrelated tests.
Conclusions
Residual correlation plots and chi-squared statistics cannot be relied upon to identify which tests are conditionally dependent, and also have relatively low power to detect lack of overall fit. This is important since failure to account for conditional dependence can lead to highly biased parameter estimates.