bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship Between Peri-Implant Marginal Bone Loss and Resonance Frequency Analysis
Authors: Pérez-Pevida Esteban , Monteagudo-Villalobos Iván , Chávarri-Prado David , Estrada-Martínez Alejandro , Beltrán-Guijarro Miguel , Diéguez-Pereira Markel , Brizuela-Velasco Aritza
Published: February 2025

Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) has been used as a diagnostic method to measure implant stability at all stages of healing. In addition to evaluating the status of the peri-implant marginal bone, it can also indicate the most appropriate time to load the implant. This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of RFA as a diagnostic method for the detection of peri-implant marginal bone loss (MBL). Forty bone-level Klockner Vega implants were placed in a polyurethane block with elastic properties similar to those of the maxillary bone. The insertion torque and primary implant stability at the time of placement were measured using an RFA device. A circumferential peri-implant defect was created by removing the cortical bone portion in each implant using a trephine. The stability values were measured again using RFA. The stability values measured using RFA were lower after the creation of the circumferential peri-implant defect, indicating a statistically significant decrease in implant stability. The results of the study tend to show a relationship between peri-implant marginal bone loss and modifications in implant stability measured by RFA.
Pioneering Respiratory and Emergency Medicine Research During the COVID-19 Era
Authors: Pantazopoulos Ioannis , Mavrovounis Georgios , Gourgoulianis Konstantinos
Published: February 2025

Respiratory and emergency medicine have undergone significant transformations in recent years, shaped by advancements in critical care, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI), and the evolving understanding of post-infectious sequelae [...]
Photocatalysis of Methyl Orange (MO), Orange G (OG), Rhodamine B (RhB), Violet and Methylene Blue (MB) Under Natural Sunlight by Ba-Doped BiFeO3 Thin Films
Authors: Boughelout Abderrahmane , Khiat Abdelmadjid , Macaluso Roberto
Published: February 2025

We present structural, morphological, optical and photocatalytic properties of multiferroic Bi0.98Ba0.02FeO3 (BBFO2) perovskite thin films prepared by a combined sol–gel and spin-coating method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that all the perovskite films consisted of the stable polycrystalline rhombohedral phase structure (space group R3c) with a tolerance factor of 0.892. By using Rietveld refinement of diffractogram XRD data, crystallographic parameters, such as bond angle, bond length, atom position, unit cell parameters, and electron density measurements were computed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) allowed us to assess the homogeneous and smooth surface morphology of the films with a small degree of porosity, while chemical surface composition characterization by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed the presence of Bi, Fe, O and the doping element Ba. Absorption measurements allowed us to determine the energy band gap of the films, while photoluminescence measurements have shown the presence of oxygen vacancies, which are responsible for the enhanced photocatalytic activity of the material. Photocatalytic degradation experiments of Methylene Blue (MB), Methyl orange (MO), orange G (OG), Violet and Rhodamine B (RhB) performed on top of BBFO2 thin films under solar light showed the degradation of all pollutants in varying discoloration efficiencies, ranging from 81% (RhB) to 54% (OG), 53% (Violet), 47% (MO) and 43% (MB).
Assembly Quality Control Technologies in Forced Clamping and Compensation Processes for Large and Integrated Aeronautical Composite Structures
Authors: Guo Feiyan , Bao Qiangwei , Liu Jialiang , Sha Xiliang
Published: February 2025

For the new type of CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic) thin-walled components with a large size and weak rigid structure, due to the integration of geometric features and the reduction in the amount of parts, the assembly size transmission chain is short compared to traditional metal assembly structures. In addition, the manufacturing errors and layer parameters of large composite parts in different regions are different, and they also have a lower forming accuracy. For the current assembly method that mainly concerns geometric dimensions and tolerances, it is difficult to support precise analysis and accurate geometric error forms for different local and global regions. As a result, in practical engineering, the forced method of applying a local clamping force is inevitably adopted to passively reduce and compensate for assembly errors. However, uneven stress distribution and possible internal damage occur. To avoid the assembly quality problems caused by forced clamping operations, the research status on the optimization of forced clamping process parameters before assembly, the flexible position–force adjustment of fixtures during assembly, and gap compensation and strengthening before assembly completion was analyzed systematically. The relevant key technologies, such as force limit setting, geometric gap reduction, stress/damage evolution prediction, the reverse optimization of clamping process parameters, and precise stress/damage measurement, are proposed and resolved in this paper. With the specific implementation solutions, geometric and mechanical assembly status coupling analysis, active control, and a collaborative guarantee could be achieved. Finally, future research work is proposed, i.e., dynamic evolution behavior modeling and the equalization of the induction and control of physical assembly states.
PID vs. Model-Based Control for the Double Integrator Plus Dead-Time Model: Noise Attenuation and Robustness Aspects
Authors: Huba Mikulas , Bistak Pavol , Vrancic Damir , Sun Mingwei
Published: February 2025

One of the most important contributions of modern control theory from the 1960s was the separation of the dynamics of state-space controller design from the dynamics of state reconstruction. However, because modern control theory predates the mass spread of digital controllers and was predominantly focused on analog solutions that avoided modeling dead-time elements, it cannot effectively cover all aspects that emerged with the development of programmable devices and embedded systems. The same historical limitations also characterized the development of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controllers, which began several decades earlier. Although they were used to control time-delayed systems, these solutions, which are most commonly used in practice today, can also be referred to as simplified disturbance observers that allow the avoidance of the the direct use of dead-time models. Using the example of controlling systems with a double integrator plus dead-time model, this article shows a novel controller design that significantly improves control performance compared to conventional PID controllers. The new control structure is a combination of a generalized state-space controller, interpreted as a higher-order derivative controller, and a predictive disturbance observer that uses the inversion of double integrator dynamics and dead-time models. It enables the elimination of the windup effect that is typical for PID control and extends the separation of the dynamics of setpoint tracking from the dynamics of state and disturbance reconstruction to time-delayed processes as well. The novelty of the presented solution offers several orders of magnitude lower amplification of measurement noise compared to traditional PID control. On the other hand, it offers high robustness and a stable transient response despite the unstable internal feedback of processes like the magnetic levitation system. The improvements achieved are so high that they call into question the classical solutions with PID controllers, at least for DIPDT models. In addition to the comparison with PID control, the relationship with traditional state space controllers, which today form the basis of active disturbance rejection control (ADRC), is also discussed and examined for processes including dead time.
An Inverse Piecewise Flow Curve Determination Method for Torsion Tests at Elevated Temperature
Authors: Vuppala Aditya , Brüggemann Holger , Bailly David , Scharifi Emad
Published: February 2025

This paper presents an extended method for determining flow curves under shear loading using torsion tests, a technique often used to characterize plastic behavior in metal forming. Torsion tests are advantageous due to their ability to achieve flow curves up to large strains (~3) while maintaining stable specimen geometry during deformation. However, the strain and strain rate distribution across the specimen are non-uniform, increasing radially from the rotation axis. Traditional analytical methods, such as the Fields and Backofen approach, address this non-uniformity by considering average strain and strain rates. Conversely, inverse approaches, which rely on fitting constitutive equations through iterative procedures, are more sensitive to the choice of empirical equations and can be computationally expensive. To address these issues, this study adapts an inverse piecewise flow curve determination method from compression tests for use in torsion tests. A stepwise methodology is proposed to calculate constant strain rates and isothermal flow curves, where flow curves for the lowest strain rates are first determined and subsequently used to derive flow curves at higher strain rates. The proposed approach was applied to the case-hardened steel 16MnCrS5, with tests conducted at temperatures ranging from 900 °C to 1100 °C and strain rates from 0.01 s−1 to 1 s−1. The experimental data obtained were successfully replicated by the flow curves with a maximum deviation of only 1%. The results demonstrate the efficiency and accuracy of the stepwise inverse approach for determining flow curves in torsion tests, making it appropriate for characterizing material behavior for metal-forming applications.
Discovery of Isobavachin, a Natural Flavonoid, as an Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) Structure Corrector for Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Patil Sachin P. , Kuehn Bella R. , McCullough Christina , Bates Dean , Hazim Hadil , Diallo Mamadou , Francois Naomie
Published: February 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by extensive neurodegeneration and consequent severe memory loss. Apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the strongest genetic risk factor for AD, with its pathological effects linked to structural instability and altered interactions with lipids and other important disease proteins including amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau (τ). Therefore, correcting and stabilizing the ApoE4 structure has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for mitigating its detrimental effects. In this study, we investigated naturally occurring bioavailable flavonoids as ApoE4 stabilizers, focusing on their potential to modulate ApoE4 structure and function. A comprehensive investigation of a focused database using our integrated computational and experimental screening protocol led to the identification of Isobavachin as a potential corrector and stabilizer of ApoE4 structure. In addition, a few other bioavailable flavonoids with similar stabilizing properties were identified, albeit to a much lesser extent as compared to Isobavachin. The findings support the therapeutic potential of flavonoids as ApoE4 modulators and highlight Isobavachin as a lead candidate for further preclinical evaluation. These results provide new insights into the pharmacological targeting of ApoE4 and open avenues for the development of flavonoid-based, ApoE-directed therapies for AD.
From Origin to the Present: Establishment, Mechanism, Evolutions and Biomedical Applications of the CRISPR/Cas-Based Macromolecular System in Brief
Authors: Yuan Zheng
Published: February 2025

Advancements in biological and medical science are intricately linked to the biological central dogma. In recent years, gene editing techniques, especially CRISPR/Cas systems, have emerged as powerful tools for modifying genetic information, supplementing the central dogma and holding significant promise for disease diagnosis and treatment. Extensive research has been conducted on the continuously evolving CRISPR/Cas systems, particularly in relation to challenging diseases, such as cancer and HIV infection. Consequently, the integration of CRISPR/Cas-based techniques with contemporary medical approaches and therapies is anticipated to greatly enhance healthcare outcomes for humans. This review begins with a brief overview of the discovery of the CRISPR/Cas system. Subsequently, using CRISPR/Cas9 as an example, a clear description of the classical molecular mechanism underlying the CRISPR/Cas system was given. Additionally, the development of the CRISPR/Cas system and its applications in gene therapy and high-sensitivity disease diagnosis were discussed. Furthermore, we address the prospects for clinical applications of CRISPR/Cas-based gene therapy, highlighting the ethical considerations associated with altering genetic information. This brief review aims to enhance understanding of the CRISPR/Cas macromolecular system and provide insight into the potential of genetic macromolecular drugs for therapeutic purposes.
Advancements in the Preparation and Application of Ni-Co System (Alloys, Composites, and Coatings): A Review
Authors: Lai Liyan , Qian Feng , Bi Yuxiao , Niu Bing , Yu Guanliang , Li Yigui , Ding Guifu
Published: February 2025

In the field of non-silicon MEMSs (micro-electro-mechanical systems), nickel, with its mature preparation method, good compatibility with non-silicon MEMS processes, and excellent mechanical properties, is one of the commonly used structural materials. By effectively combining it with non-silicon MEMS processes, nickel is widely used in typical process systems such as LIGA (Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung)/UV-LIGA (Ultraviolet Lithography, Galvanoformung, Abformung). However, with the rapid development of the non-silicon MEMS field, pure nickel materials are no longer able to meet current material demands. Alternatively, nickel–cobalt composite materials have excellent mechanical properties, thermal stability, corrosion resistance, and good adaptability to processing technology because cobalt has unique advantages as a reinforcing phase, including excellent wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and high hardness. This article examines the current methods for preparing nickel–cobalt alloys by focusing on composite electrodeposition of coatings and analyzing their advantages and disadvantages. Based on this, the effect of the composite electrodeposition conditions on the formation mechanism of nickel–cobalt alloy coatings is discussed. Then, the research status of composite electrodeposition methods mainly based on nickel–cobalt nanocomposites is discussed. Finally, a new direction for future work on nickel–cobalt composite materials mainly composed of nickel–cobalt nanomaterials prepared by composite electrodeposition is proposed, and its application prospects in non-silicon MEMS fields are discussed.
The Existence and Stability Mechanism of Bulk Nanobubbles: A Review
Authors: Chen Changsheng , Gao Yawen , Zhang Xianren
Published: February 2025

Since they were shown to be a potential phenomenon through experimentation, bulk nanobubbles (BNBs) have been a long-standing controversy. The controversy mainly originates from the fact that their stability cannot be well explained by the established theories. Although nanobubbles have been applied in many fields, the controversial stability issue has been a hanging “cloud” looming over the nanobubble research. This review focuses on why the stability of nanobubbles cannot be depicted by the current theories from thermodynamics and dynamics perspectives. Moreover, a number of current models pertaining to bulk nanobubble stability are compiled. It is anticipated that this review will give readers a better grasp of the current state of bulk nanobubble research and provide some insight for further studies in this area.
The Power of Environment: A Comprehensive Review of the Exposome’s Role in Healthy Aging, Longevity, and Preventive Medicine—Lessons from Blue Zones and Cilento
Authors: Aliberti Silvana Mirella , Capunzo Mario
Published: February 2025

Aging and longevity are shaped by the exposome, a dynamic network of environmental, social, and biological factors. Understanding how these exposures interact with biological mechanisms can inform strategies for healthier aging. Background/Objectives: This review explores the exposome as a dynamic system encompassing both protective and risk factors, with a specific focus on how beneficial environmental exposures, microbiome diversity, lifestyle behaviors, and resilience mechanisms contribute to successful aging. By analyzing high-longevity populations, such as the Blue Zones and Cilento, it aims to identify common determinants of successful aging. Methods: A mixed-method study was conducted, combining a systematic review of the English literature (2003–2024) with a comparative analysis of longevity regions. A structured search was performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using keywords such as “longevity”, “Blue Zones”, “Cilento”, “microbiome”, “environmental factors”, and related terms. Additionally, qualitative and quantitative analysis were applied to assess key protective factors across different aging models. Results: This study identified key factors contributing to successful aging in longevity hotspots, including sustained exposure to biodiverse natural environments, adherence to Mediterranean or plant-based diet rich in polyphenols and probiotics, regular physical activity, strong social networks, and psychological resilience. A novel aspect of this review is the role of the gut microbiome as a mediator between environmental exposures and immune–metabolic health, influencing inflammation modulation and cellular aging. Despite geographic and cultural differences, case studies reveal a shared pattern of protective factors that collectively enhance lifespan and healthspan. Conclusions: The exposome is a critical determinant of aging trajectories, acting through complex interactions between environmental and biological mechanisms. By integrating insights from high-longevity populations, this mixed-method study proposes a comprehensive framework for optimizing microbiome health, enhancing resilience, and promoting protective environmental exposures. These findings provide a translational perspective to guide future interventions in aging research and global health initiatives.
Positive Effect of Lecithin-Based Delivery Form of Curcuma and Boswellia Extracts on Irritable Bowel Syndrome After COVID-19 Infection
Authors: Giacosa Attilio , Barrile Gaetan Claude , Gasparri Clara , Perna Simone , Rondanelli Mariangela
Published: February 2025

Background: Post-COVID-19 irritable bowel syndrome (PCIBS) is a frequent finding and is frequently associated with enteral dysbiosis. This pilot study compared the effects of extracts from curcuma and boswellia on PCIBS and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in individuals who had never had a COVID-19 infection (controls). Methods: A total of 16 subjects with PCIBS and 28 controls with evidence of IBS gastrointestinal symptoms and with enteral dysbiosis were recruited and supplemented for 30 days with sunflower-lecithin-based formulations of extracts of Curcuma longa (500 mg) and Boswellia serrata (150 mg) b.i.d. and with low-FODMAP diet. Abdominal bloating, abdominal pain, enteral dysbiosis (as increased urinary indican), and the global assessment of efficacy (GAE) were evaluated at the end of the study. Results: In both cohorts, intra-cohort changes revealed a statistically significant (p < 0.05) reduction in bloating and abdominal pain. The GAE showed similar and relevant satisfactory rates in both groups. On the contrary, urinary indican values showed a significant decrease only in the IBS group. Conclusions: Supplementation with Curcuma and Boswellia has favorable effects on abdominal bloating and abdominal pain of subjects with PCIBS and with IBS, while enteral dysbiosis is significantly decreased only in patients with IBS. Additional studies are needed to confirm these preliminary findings and to clarify the reasons for the persistence of dysbiosis in PCIBS.
The Effect of Alginate/Hyaluronic Acid Proportion on Semi-Interpenetrating Hydrogel Properties for Articular Cartilage Tissue Engineering
Authors: Gorroñogoitia Izar , Olza Sheila , Alonso-Varona Ana , Zaldua Ane Miren
Published: February 2025

One of the emergent regenerative treatments for the restoration of the articular cartilage is tissue engineering (TE), in which hydrogels can functionally imitate the extracellular matrix (ECM) of the native tissue and create an optimal microenvironment for the restoration of the defective tissue. Hyaluronic acid (HA) is known for its potential in the field of TE as a regenerative material for many tissues. It is one of the major components of the articular cartilage ECM contributing to cell proliferation and migration. HA is the only non-sulphated glycosaminoglycan (GAG). However, herein, we use a HA presenting a high amount of sulphated glycosaminoglycans (sGAGs), altering the intrinsic properties of the material particularly in terms of biological response. Alginate (Alg) is another polysaccharide widely used in TE that allows stiff and stable hydrogels to be obtained when crosslinked with CaCl2. Taking the benefit of the favourable characteristics of each biomaterial, semi-interpenetrating (semi-IPN) hydrogels had been developed by the combination of both materials, in which alginate is gelled, and HA remains uncrosslinked within the hydrogel. Varying the concentration of alginate and HA, the final rheological, viscoelastic, and mechanical properties of the hydrogel can be tailored, always seeking a trade-off between biological and physico-mechanical properties. All developed semi-IPN hydrogels have great potential for biomedical applications.
Measuring the Economic Impact of Pre-Salt Layer on the Productivity of the Oil and Natural Gas Sector
Authors: de Mendonca Mario Jorge Cardoso , Pereira Junior Amaro Olimpio , Pessanha Jose Francisco Moreira , Pereira Rodrigo Mendes , Hunt Julian David
Published: February 2025

Based on productivity and efficiency indicators, we investigated the performance of the Brazilian oil and gas exploration industry, comparing the performance of this sector with other industrial sectors. We associate productivity with the concept of total factor productivity (TFP), while efficiency is measured using the stochastic frontier production model. Our sample was assembled from the Annual Industrial Survey (PIA) for 29 Brazilian industrial sectors from 2007 to 2019, period of data availability. The results derived from both methods allow us to affirm that the policies resulting from the Pre-Salt have significantly boosted the oil and natural gas extraction sector in terms of technological progress and efficiency. Between 2007 and 2009, the sector was among the least efficient, ranking 29th. However, in 2019 it reached first place in terms of efficiency. This structural change, which began in 2010 as a result of the technological innovations resulting from investments in R&D, has undergone a change since 2010, reflected in the upward trend towards pre-salt exploration promoted by Petrobras, in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, as well as the new regulatory framework and government incentives for oil exploration in Brazil. Un-fortunately, these productivity gains have not been exported to other branches of industry connected to the oil industry.
OCSCNet-Tracker: Hyperspectral Video Tracker Based on Octave Convolution and Spatial–Spectral Capsule Network
Authors: Zhao Dong , Wang Mengyuan , Huang Kunpeng , Zhong Weixiang , Arun Pattathal V. , Li Yunpeng , Asano Yuta , Wu Li , Zhou Huixin
Published: February 2025

In the field of hyperspectral video tracking (HVT), occclusion poses a challenging issue without a satisfactory solution. To address this challenge, the current study explores the application of capsule networks in HVT and proposes an approach based on octave convolution and a spatial–spectral capsule network (OCSCNet). Specifically, the spatial–spectral octave convolution module is designed to learn features from hyperspectral images by integrating spatial and spectral information. Hence, unlike traditional convolution, which is limited to learning spatial features, the proposed strategy also focuses on learning and modeling the spectral features. The proposed spatial–spectral capsule network integrates spectral information to distinguish among underlying capsule categories based on their spectral similarity. The approach enhances separability and establishes relationships between different components and targets at various scales. Finally, a confidence threshold judgment module utilizes the information from the initial and adjacent frames for relocating the lost target. Experiments conducted on the HOT2023 dataset illustrate that the proposed model outperforms state-of-the-art methods, achieving a success rate of 65.2% and a precision of 89.3%. In addition, extensive experimental results and visualizations further demonstrate the effectiveness and interpretability of the proposed OCSCNet.
Methodology to Validate the Radiated Immunity of Sophisticated Automotive Autonomous Systems
Authors: Bedjiah Nadir Fouad , Kadi Moncef , Klingler Marco , Rossi Romain
Published: February 2025

The trend in all automotive manufacturers is to commercialize vehicles with an increasing number of sophisticated Advanced Driver-Assistance Systems (ADASs). These systems often require that several sensors, such as Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR), radio detection and ranging (radar), cameras, etc., work in cooperation, which makes the systems very complex. To perform the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) validation of these complex ADASs, the stimulation of multiple sensors composing the system is necessary. Furthermore, the synchronization of these stimulations is essential to create realistic outdoor scenarios in the usual EMC facilities (on a roller bench in a semi-anechoic chamber). This synchronization is mandatory as the integrated safety systems will disable any ADAS or autonomous system in case of incoherencies in the data delivered by the sensors, rendering the validation challenging. Moreover, the current methodologies proposed are meant to be performed to validate simple ADASs based on simple sensors. In addition, with the current test facilities, one cannot stimulate, in a realistic and synchronous way, multiple sophisticated sensors (e.g., LIDARs and inertial measurement units). For all these reasons, the radiated immunity tests of future automotive systems will be endlessly difficult following current trends. In addition, the complexity of the systems and their increasing number increase the duration and cost of these immunity tests and make their validations more challenging. In this article, we present a new methodology to validate the radiated immunity of complex automotive autonomous systems to address these challenges. The results we present show that this new methodology can be performed to validate ADASs and autonomous automotive systems independently of their complexity.
Cloud Detection in Remote Sensing Images Based on a Novel Adaptive Feature Aggregation Method
Authors: Zhou Wanting , Mo Yan , Ou Qiaofeng , Bai Shaowei
Published: February 2025

Cloud detection constitutes a pivotal task in remote sensing preprocessing, yet detecting cloud boundaries and identifying thin clouds under complex scenarios remain formidable challenges. In response to this challenge, we designed a network model, named NFCNet. The network comprises three submodules: the Hybrid Convolutional Attention Module (HCAM), the Spatial Pyramid Fusion Attention (SPFA) module, and the Dual-Stream Convolutional Aggregation (DCA) module. The HCAM extracts multi-scale features to enhance global representation while matching channel importance weights to focus on features that are more critical to the detection task. The SPFA module employs a novel adaptive feature aggregation method that simultaneously compensates for detailed information lost in the downsampling process and reinforces critical information in upsampling to achieve more accurate discrimination between cloud and non-cloud pixels. The DCA module integrates high-level features with low-level features to ensure that the network maintains its sensitivity to detailed information. Experimental results using the HRC_WHU, CHLandsat8, and 95-Cloud datasets demonstrate that the proposed algorithm surpasses existing optimal methods, achieving finer segmentation of cloud boundaries and more precise localization of subtle thin clouds.
High Spatiotemporal Resolution Monitoring of Water Body Dynamics in the Tibetan Plateau: An Innovative Method Based on Mixed Pixel Decomposition
Authors: Jing Yuhang , Niu Zhenguo
Published: February 2025

The Tibetan Plateau, known as the “Third Pole” and the “Water Tower of Asia”, has experienced significant changes in its surface water due to global warming. Accurately understanding and monitoring the spatiotemporal distribution of surface water is crucial for ecological conservation and the sustainable use of water resources. Among existing satellite data, the MODIS sensor stands out for its long time series and high temporal resolution, which make it advantageous for large-scale water body monitoring. However, its spatial resolution limitations hinder detailed monitoring. To address this, the present study proposes a dynamic endmember selection method based on phenological features, combined with mixed pixel decomposition techniques, to generate monthly water abundance maps of the Tibetan Plateau from 2000 to 2023. These maps precisely depict the interannual and seasonal variations in surface water, with an average accuracy of 95.3%. Compared to existing data products, the water abundance maps developed in this study provide better detail of surface water, while also benefiting from higher temporal resolution, enabling effective capture of dynamic water information. The dynamic monitoring of surface water on the Tibetan Plateau shows a year-on-year increase in water area, with an increasing fluctuation range. The surface water abundance products presented in this study not only provide more detailed information for the fine characterization of surface water but also offer a new technical approach and scientific basis for timely and accurate monitoring of surface water changes on the Tibetan Plateau.
Heat on the Move: Contrasting Mobile and Fixed Insights into Temuco’s Urban Heat Islands
Authors: Martinez-Soto Aner , Vera-Fonseca Michelle , Valenzuela-Toledo Pablo , Melillan-Raguileo Aliwen , Shupler Matthew
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the combined use of mobile transects and fixed stations to analyze atmospheric urban heat islands (UHIs’a) in Temuco, Chile. Data were collected using 23 fixed stations and 3 mobile transects traversing predefined city routes, capturing temperature records at one-minute intervals. Results revealed moderate correlations between methodologies (coefficients: 0.55–0.62) and average temperature differences of 0.72 °C to 1.6 °C, confirming their compatibility for integrated use. UHI intensities ranged from weak (0.5 °C) to extremely strong (13 °C), with the highest urban temperature (33.1 °C) observed in Zone Z-3, contrasting with 25.4 °C at the rural Maquehue station. Simulations and isothermal maps identified four UHI zones, highlighting the influence of impervious surfaces, traffic density, and limited vegetation on temperature distribution. Fluctuation plots revealed rapid cooling in vegetated areas and high heat retention in dense urban zones. These findings validate the methodologies for spatial and temporal UHI analysis and provide actionable insights for urban planning. Targeted interventions, such as increasing vegetation in high-risk zones, are recommended to mitigate extreme heat and enhance thermal comfort in urban areas.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Sexual Dysfunction
Authors: Martins Francisco E.
Published: February 2025

Introduction: This narrative review aims to investigate the intricacy of human sexuality, the prevalence and effect of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) repair on overall sexual function and dyspareunia, and the subsequent repercussions on body image self-perception and quality of life. Methods: A MEDLINE and PUBMED search was conducted for studies evaluating the effect of POP surgery on sexual function and dyspareunia in sexually active women as well as its impact on body image self-perception and QoL. We included both observational and randomized controlled studies evaluating this subject. We evaluated patients who underwent anterior and/or posterior compartment repair eventually including vaginal hysterectomy. We excluded studies including women with concomitant anti-incontinence surgical correction and/or any vaginal reconstruction with synthetic materials. Results: Women with POP are more likely to diminish sexual activity due to a perceived impact on body image and attractiveness as well as worry of incontinence. Conservative management (such as pelvic floor muscle physiotherapy or pessary use) or surgical intervention via transabdominal or transvaginal routes have been used to treat POP, but concerns remain regarding sexual consequences. Despite a post-surgical positive sexual outcome, there is an inherent risk of de novo dyspareunia regardless of the surgical technique employed with slightly higher risk for the transvaginal approach. Patient counselling prior to surgery has proved to be an important element of POP treatment. Only studies on complications of POP surgery, specifically its impact on female sexuality, dyspareunia, global quality of life, and self-perceived body image, were included and analyzed for this review. We limited our search to the international English language literature published over the last three decades and excluded all studies involving the use of synthetic material in transvaginal POP repair. Discussion and Conclusions: Although no consistent evidence was found that disorders of the pelvic floor in women have a clear adverse effect on sexuality, their anatomical correction using the patient’s native tissues is recommended. Dyspareunia reduced significantly after repair, but the rate remains higher after the transvaginal approach versus the minimally invasive (robot-assisted and laparoscopic) approach used for sacrocolpopexy.
From House to Farm: Life Cycle Assessment of Sewage Sludge as a Circular Fertiliser at Regional European Level
Authors: Pérez-García Jessica , Villanueva-Rey Pedro , Rodríguez-Hernández Leticia , Alvarino Teresa , González-Monjardin Lucía
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the environmental performance of stabilised sewage sludge used as a circular fertiliser across three European regions: Central, Mediterranean, and Northern Europe, comparing its performance against non-renewable fertilisers. The research applies a life cycle assessment approach, considering a mix of the most used stabilisation technologies in each region, such as anaerobic digestion, chemical treatment, thermal drying, composting, and aerobic digestion. Environmental impacts were assessed based on key categories, including climate change, acidification, eutrophication, and resource use. The environmental performance of circular fertiliser production outperformed non-renewable fertilisers in all assessed categories, showcasing its potential as a sustainable alternative. Findings reveal that the choice of stabilisation process is key to the overall environmental performance of the region. High energy-driven technologies such as thermal drying present the bigger impacts. Regional disparities highlight the need for context-specific technology selection to optimise environmental outcomes. The study underscores the importance of integrating energy recovery and nutrient recycling in sludge management practices. These findings advocate for the promotion of circular fertilisers within a sustainable agricultural framework, emphasising technology adaptation based on local conditions to enhance ecological and economic benefits.
Study on the Dynamic Evolution and Driving Forces of High-Quality Development of Coal Cities in China
Authors: Sun Liyan , Hou Xindi , Yang Li
Published: February 2025

To more intuitively demonstrate the locational distribution of spatial agglomeration of HQD (high-quality development) in China’s coal cities, this study uses the entropy value method, standard deviation ellipse, and geographic detector to investigate the law of dynamic evolution and driving factors of HQD in China’s coal cities from 2011 to 2020. The findings are as follows: (1) The HQD level of China’s coal cities is experiencing a positive trajectory, with the highest level of development in the east, followed by the regions located in the center and west of the country, and relatively low in the northeast. Throughout the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan” period, Suzhou made the greatest progress, while Fuxin had the greatest decline. Throughout the “13th Five-Year Plan” period, Xingtai and Handan made the greatest progress, while Qitaihe had the greatest decline. (2) The HQD level of China’s coal cities as a whole shows a northeast–southwest direction, the center of gravity shifts southward, indicating a concentration pattern. The eastern and central areas are oriented in a northwest–southeast direction; the center of gravity in the east shifts to the northwest, and the center of gravity in the middle shifts to the southeast; and both regions have a higher level of HQD in the east–west direction. The western and northeastern regions are in a northeast–southwest direction, with the center of gravity moving to the northeast: the western region shows a tendency toward diffusion, and the northeastern region shows an agglomeration trend. (3) Patent authorization per 10,000 people, foreign trade dependence, R&D investment intensity, and GDP per capita were important drivers for the HQD of China’s coal cities; The degree of government intervention is the best interaction factor, and the degree of opening to the outside world and the forest coverage rate are the best interaction objects.
Insights into the Role of Proteolytic and Adhesive Domains of Snake Venom Metalloproteinases from Bothrops spp. in the Control of Toxoplasma gondii Infection
Authors: Teixeira Samuel C. , Fernandes Thales A. M. , de Souza Guilherme , Luz Luana C. , Paschoalino Marina , Junior Joed P. de L. , Rosini Alessandra M. , Martínez Aryani F. F. , de Freitas Vitor , Lopes Daiana S. , Clissa Patrícia B. , de Souza Vinícius C. , Nishiyama-Jr. Milton Y. , Barbosa Bellisa F. , Ferro Eloisa A. V. , Ávila Veridiana de M. R.
Published: February 2025

Toxoplasmosis is an alarming public health problem that affects more than one-third of the world’s population. In our work, we investigated the antiparasitic effects of catalytically active [BpMP-I and Jararhagin (Jar)] and catalytically inactive [Jararhagin-C (Jar-C)] snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs) in human HeLa cells. These toxins impaired the parasite invasion and intracellular growth, and modulated IL-6, IL-8, and MIF cytokines that control the cell susceptibility and response against T. gondii. Furthermore, we verified that the antiprotozoal activities are not restricted to the presence of the proteolytic domain, and the adhesive domains participate in the control of T. gondii infection. Also, by analyzing the structures of Jar and Jar-C through molecular modeling and dynamics, we observed that the adhesive domains in Jar-C are more exposed due to the absence of the proteolytic domain, which could favor the interaction with different targets. Our investigation on the role of SVMP domains in combating T. gondii infection highlights their potential application as biotechnological tools for creating more effective treatments for toxoplasmosis.
The First K+-Channel Blocker Described from Tityus fasciolatus Venom: The Purification, Molecular Cloning, and Functional Characterization of α-KTx4.9 (Tf5)
Authors: Monteiro Isolda de Sousa , Araújo Israel Flor Silva de , Camargos Thalita Soares , Ortiz Ernesto , Souza Adolfo Carlos Barros de , Lima Jonathan Dias , Possani Lourival D. , Schwartz Elisabeth Ferroni , Tibery Diogo Vieira
Published: February 2025

Hundreds of toxins, particularly from scorpions of lesser medical significance, remain unknown, especially those from species endemic to specific ecosystems, such as Tityus fasciolatus. Their discovery could contribute to the development of new drugs for channelopathies and other diseases. Tf5 is a new peptide that has been identified from the venom of Tityus fasciolatus, a scorpion species endemic to the Brazilian Cerrado ecosystem. A full-length cDNA sequence of the Tf5 gene was obtained through a previously constructed transcriptomic library, where an ORF (Open Reading Frame) sequence with a length of 180 was found, including the 37 aa mature KTx domain, which has six Cys residues. Tf5 was purified from the crude venom, resulting in a peptide with a molecular mass of 3983.95 Da. Its K+ channel blocker activity was evaluated on Kv1.1, Kv1.2, Kv1.3, and Kv1.4 subtypes. Of these Kv channels, the peptide demonstrated an ability to block Kv1.2 and Kv1.3 with an IC50 of 15.53 nM and 116.41 nM, respectively. Additionally, Tf5 shares a high degree of sequence identity with toxins from the α-KTx4 subfamily, which led to it being classified as α-KTx4.9. This is the first Kv channel blocker described from the T. fasciolatus scorpion.
Impact of the Reynolds Numbers on the Velocity of Floating Microplastics in Open Channels
Authors: Li Jiachen , Wang Zhichao , Li Weiping , Jing Shuangyi , Graco-Roza Caio , Arvola Lauri
Published: February 2025

Quantitatively analyzing the factors influencing the horizontal migration of microplastics (MPs) in water bodies and understanding their movement patterns are crucial for explaining and predicting their transport principles and final destinations. This study used nearly spherical polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polystyrene (PS) MPs as experimental subjects. By tracking their motion characteristics through video recording, we established relationships among the Reynolds number (Re), MP density, and floating velocity. The results showed that the Re and MP density jointly affect the horizontal drift of MPs. The horizontal floating velocity of MPs significantly increases with the increase in the Re and shows a power function growth trend. The difference in density of MPs mainly affects their dispersion during the floating process. Moreover, the coefficient of variation (CV) of PP’s horizontal floating velocity increased with the Re, suggesting PP’s motion is more random and discrete than that of PE and PS. Ultimately, we fitted the horizontal floating velocity of MPs to the equation to comprehensively evaluate the relationship between the floating velocity, Re, and density of MPs. This analysis underscores that the Re predominantly influences the MP velocity in water, while the MP density chiefly impacts the discrete nature of their motion.
Optimizing SME Performance through ICT Diversification and Competence Development Strategies
Authors: Purnama Chamdan , Fatmah Dinda , Rahmah Mirhamida , Hasani Syaiful , Rahmah Yusriyah , Rahmah Zakiyah Zulfa
Published: February 2025

Objective: This study examines the moderating role of employee competence in the relationship between ICT diversification and employee performance in SMEs within the e-commerce shoe sector in East Java, Indonesia. Research Design & Methods: An explanatory approach was used, employing Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the hypothesis. Data were collected from 90 employees using standardized questionnaires and analyzed with IBM SPSS Statistics version 25. Findings: The results show that both ICT diversification and employee competency positively and significantly influence employee performance. The interaction between ICT diversification and employee competency further enhances the relationship between these factors and employee performance. Initially, the model demonstrated a strong relationship between ICT diversification and employee performance, which became even stronger when employee competency was included as a moderating variable. This indicates that employee competency plays a significant role in amplifying the positive effects of ICT diversification on performance. Implications and Recommendations: The findings offer practical insights for SMEs to improve performance through targeted ICT training and competency development. However, the study is limited to the e-commerce shoe sector in East Java, which may limit the generalizability of the results. Future research should expand to diverse industries and wider geographical locations to validate these findings. Contribution & Value Added: This research addresses the gap in understanding the moderating effect of employee competence on the relationship between ICT and performance in SMEs, offering new insights into strategic human resource management.
“Será que eu serei o dono dessa festa?”
Authors: Da Penha de Mendonça Coelho Bruna
Published: February 2025

O objetivo do artigo é analisar a forma como as produções de sambas-enredo (cotejando-os com os desfiles) dos anos de 1980 e 1990 encararam, no âmbito do carnaval do Rio de Janeiro, as promessas sociais envolvidas na transição da ditadura militar para o regime democrático no país. Para tanto, examino a forma como as expectativas jurídico-políticas do projeto constituinte foram percebidas e narradas nos sambas e desfiles selecionados. Isso implica passar não só por sambas que trataram da temática de forma explícita, mas também por aqueles que abordaram o tema de forma indireta. No primeiro grupo, reúno sambas que dialogaram abertamente com termos inerentes ao discurso jurídico e aos debates da Assembleia Constituinte. No segundo grupo, parto de sambas que ora encarnaram perspectivas plurais para a própria ideia de constituição, ora se debruçaram sobre a problemática das desigualdades sociais, ora abordaram a questão da festa como elemento de projeção do real e dos desejos sociais. Para isso, proponho também uma contextualização sobre os debates envolvidos na redemocratização e nas promessas de cidadania que lhe eram subjacentes.
Da escola para a universidade
Authors: Gonçalves da Silva Cristiane , Silva dos Reis Bruna , Leme de Oliveira Borba ´Patrícia
Published: February 2025

As experiências de pesquisas e extensão com estudantes de escolas públicas de ensino médio de Santos/SP que priorizaram metodologias participativas entre jovens pautam as reflexões aqui apresentadas. Desenvolvidas desde 2014 e intensificadas a partir de execução, entre os anos de 2018 e 2022, de uma pesquisa temática multicêntrica, atividades de pesquisas articuladas à extensão com a participação juvenil possibilitaram realizar uma análise sobre os desafios da utilização de tais procedimentos metodológicos. A imersão em registros de diários, relatorias de reuniões e relatórios técnicos de atividades permitiu apreender alguns dos desafios contemporâneos vividos por estudantes, reiterando padrões de desigualdade já conhecidos — gênero, raça, classe e geração — e convocando, teórica e metodologicamente, a construir respostas atinentes a essa realidade. O conhecimento, produzido na interlocução jovem-jovem, reafirma a importância de estar no “chão da escola” escolhendo métodos e recursos que considerem a experiência juvenil e as diferenças constitutivas dos sujeitos. Dentre os resultados obtidos, aponta-se a necessidade constante de perseguir novos caminhos de intervenção e investigação de modo que uma retroalimente a outra, especialmente no período pós-pandemia e na perspectiva da curricularização e da extensão na formação universitária. Além disso, foi identificada a possibilidade de investir em outras iniciativas formativas e produção de um conhecimento que fortaleça vínculos entre jovens e entre universidade-escola, incluindo uma ressignificação da universidade do ponto de vista juvenil.
Número Completo v.60 n. 3 2024
Authors: Equipe editorial
Published: February 2025

Número Completo v.60 n. 2 2024