bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Tropospheric and Ionospheric Delay in DInSAR Calculations: Case Study of Areas Showing (Natural and Induced) Seismic Activity
Authors: Milczarek Wojciech , Kopeć Anna , Głąbicki Dariusz
Published: March 2019

The article presents a proposal to make simultaneous allowance for both ionospheric and tropospheric corrections in differential synthetic aperture radar interferometry (DInSAR) measurements. Atmospheric delay in the interferometric phase may cause the detection of terrain-surface changes to be impossible or significantly distorted. This fact remains of special importance in the case of surface changes that show limited amplitude and spatial range. Two areas were chosen to verify the validity of the proposed solution. The first area includes terrains affected by underground copper-ore mining activity (Poland), which shows high induced seismic activity. Mining tremors recorded in this area cause the terrain surface to locally subside. The authors analyzed three tremors that were recorded in 2016, 2017, and 2019. Each of the tremors exceeded a magnitude of Mw 4.0. The second area is located in the coastal region of Chile, in the Cardenal Caro province. In this case, the authors focused on a series of three earthquakes recorded on 11 March 2010. The strongest of the earthquakes was of Mw 7.0 magnitude. In the first case, calculations were based on obtained data from the Sentinel 1 satellites, and in the second case from the ALOS-1 satellite. It is demonstrated that simultaneous allowance for both the tropospheric and ionospheric corrections significantly improves the final results. The authors were also able to use the analyzed cases to demonstrate that implementation of the corrections does not have negative influence on the range and magnitude of local ground-surface deformations. At the same time, such implementation minimizes local displacement fluctuations and reduces displacement values in areas affected by deformations. The examples used in the article served to show that tropospheric correction is mainly responsible for global corrections (i.e., within the whole analyzed spatial range), while ionospheric correction reduces local fluctuations.
Comparing Multiple Precipitation Products against In-Situ Observations over Different Climate Regions of Pakistan
Authors: Ullah Waheed , Wang Guojie , Ali Gohar , Tawia Hagan Daniel Fiifi , Bhatti Asher Samuel , Lou Dan
Published: March 2019

Various state-of-the-art gridded satellite precipitation products (GPPs) have been derived from remote sensing and reanalysis data and are widely used in hydrological studies. An assessment of these GPPs against in-situ observations is necessary to determine their respective strengths and uncertainties. GPPs developed from satellite observations as a primary source were compared to in-situ observations, namely the Climate Hazard group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS), Multi-Source Weighted-Ensemble Precipitation (MSWEP), Precipitation Estimation from Remotely Sensed Information using Artificial Neural Networks-Climate Data Record (PERSIANN-CDR) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) multi-satellite precipitation analysis (TMPA). These products were compared to in-situ data from 51 stations, spanning 1998–2016, across Pakistan on daily, monthly, annual and interannual time scales. Spatiotemporal climatology was well captured by all products, with more precipitation in the north eastern parts during the monsoon months and vice-versa. Daily precipitation with amount larger than 10 mm showed significant (95%, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test) agreement with the in-situ data, especially TMPA, followed by CHIRPS and MSWEP. At monthly scales, there were significant correlations (R) between the GPPs and in-situ records, suggesting similar dynamics; however, statistical metrics suggested that the performance of these products varies from north towards south. Temporal agreement on an interannual scale was higher in the central and southern parts which followed precipitation seasonality. TMPA performed the best, followed in order by CHIRPS, MSWEP and PERSIANN-CDR.
Efficient Identification of Corn Cultivation Area with Multitemporal Synthetic Aperture Radar and Optical Images in the Google Earth Engine Cloud Platform
Authors: Tian Fuyou , Wu Bingfang , Zeng Hongwei , Zhang Xin , Xu Jiaming
Published: March 2019

The distribution of corn cultivation areas is crucial for ensuring food security, eradicating hunger, adjusting crop structures, and managing water resources. The emergence of high-resolution images, such as Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2, enables the identification of corn at the field scale, and these images can be applied on a large scale with the support of cloud computing technology. Hebei Province is the major production area of corn in China, and faces serious groundwater overexploitation due to irrigation. Corn was mapped using multitemporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images in the Google Earth Engine (GEE) cloud platform. A total of 1712 scenes of Sentinel-2 data and 206 scenes of Sentinel-1 data acquired from June to October 2017 were processed to composite image metrics as input to a random forest (RF) classifier. To avoid speckle noise in the classification results, the pixel-based classification result was integrated with the object segmentation boundary completed in eCognition software to generate an object-based corn map according to crop intensity. The results indicated that the approach using multitemporal SAR and optical images in the GEE cloud platform is reliable for corn mapping. The corn map had a high F1-Score of 90.08% and overall accuracy of 89.89% according to the test dataset, which was not involved in model training. The corn area estimated from optical and SAR images was well correlated with the census data, with an R2 = 0.91 and a root mean square error (RMSE) of 470.90 km2. The results of the corn map are expected to provide detailed information for optimizing crop structure and water management, which are critical issues in this region.
Channel Measurement and Feasibility Test for Wireless Avionics Intra-Communications
Authors: Bang Inkyu , Nam Hyunwoo , Chang Woohyuk , Kim Taehoon , Woo Jong-Myung , Kim Choul-Young , Ban Tae-Won , Park Pangun , Jung Bang Chul
Published: March 2019

Wireless avionics intra-communication (WAIC) refers to a wireless communication system among electronic components (e.g., sensors and actuators) that are integrated or installed in an aircraft and it is proposed to replace heavy and expensive wired communication cables. Recently, the use of a frequency band (4.2–4.4 GHz) for the WAIC (so-called, WAIC band) has been approved by international telecommunication union (ITU). Accordingly, several existing wireless protocols such as IEEE 802.11 and IEEE 802.15 are being considered as candidate techniques for the intra-avionics sensor network. In this paper, we perform a real field experiment to investigate wireless channel characteristics in intra-avionics sensor networks at the WAIC bands by a software-defined radio platform (universal software radio peripheral, USRP) and self-produced monopole antennas for the WAIC band. Through the experiment, we validated the feasibility of IEEE 802.11 protocol for the intra-avionics sensor network at the WAIC band in real aircraft environments. Furthermore, based on the measurement data, we evaluated the bit error rate (BER) performance of multiple antenna techniques where we considered the maximum ratio combining (MRC) for the multi-antenna receiver and the space-time block coding (STBC) for the multi-antenna transmitter.
Nanostructured P3HT as a Promising Sensing Element for Real-Time, Dynamic Detection of Gaseous Acetone
Authors: Bertoni Cristina , Naclerio Pasquale , Viviani Emanuele , Dal Zilio Simone , Carrato Sergio , Fraleoni-Morgera Alessandro
Published: March 2019

The dynamic response of gas sensors based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) nanofibers (NFs) to gaseous acetone was assessed using a setup based on flow-injection analysis, aimed at emulating actual breath exhalation. The setup was validated by using a commercially available sensor. The P3HT NFs sensors tested in dynamic flow conditions showed satisfactory reproducibility down to about 3.5 ppm acetone concentration, a linear response over a clinically relevant concentration range (3.5-35 ppm), excellent baseline recovery and reversibility upon repeated exposures to the analyte, short pulse rise and fall times (less than 1 s and about 2 s, respectively) and low power consumption (few nW), with no relevant response to water. Comparable responses’ decay times under either nitrogen or dry air suggest that the mechanisms at work is mainly attributable to specific analyte-semiconducting polymer interactions. These results open the way to the use of P3HT NFs-based sensing elements for the realization of portable, real-time electronic noses for on-the-fly exhaled breath analysis.
Visual Detection of Cucumber Green Mottle Mosaic Virus Based on Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl Transferase Coupled with DNAzymes Amplification
Authors: Wang Ying , Liu Jing , Zhou Hong
Published: March 2019

A simple, rapid, and sensitive visual detection method for observing cucumber green mottle mosaic virus was reported based on the template-independent polymerization activity of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT), coupled with the cascade amplification of Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme and hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme. Briefly, the hybridized dsDNA of T1/P1 was cut into two parts at its position of 5′-AA↓CG↑TT-3′ by the restricted enzyme AcII. The longer, newborn fragment originating from P1 was tailed at its 3’-end by oligo dG, and an intact enzymatic sequence of Mg2+-dependent DNAzyme was generated. The substrate sequence in the loop segment of the hairpin probe (HP) hybridized with the newborn enzymatic sequence and was cleaved into two parts in the presence of Mg2+. The locked G-quadruplex sequence in the stem segment of the HP was released, which catalyzed the oxidation of ABTS2- in the presence of H2O2, and the resulting solution turned green. A correlation between the absorbance and concentration of T1 was obtained in a range from 0.1 pM to 2 nM, with a detection limit of 0.1 pM. In addition to promoting a lower detection limit and shorter monitoring time, this method also demonstrated an excellent selectivity to single or double nucleotide changes. Therefore, the designed strategy provided a rapid and efficient platform for viral inspection and plant protection.
The Sedanthropocene: Nomadism, Ecology, Hypernormalization: Toward Reimagining the Holocene
Authors: Selsky David
Published: March 2019

The various (s)cenes of Anthropocene discourse are attempts to conceptualize the problem of anthropogenic global warming and to better understand the problem with a view to possible solutions. This paper explores, in a series of theoretic vignettes, ways that these attempts are too myopic and narrow, and tend to ignore the possibility that the most fundamental levels of social organization might be the very conditions under which other ‘cenes’ can function at all. Specifically, Jason Moore’s Capitalocene describes and explains many symptoms of a world enraptured by capital. However, the beginning of the Holocene marks an historical stage wherein humans changed their thoughts and behaviours in such a way as to make something like capitalism possible at all. The dualism that Moore cites as fundamental to the Capitalocene did not begin with Descartes, it began with anatomically modern humans circa 10,000 years ago.
Rethinking the Utility of Public Bicycles: The Development and Challenges of Station-Less Bike Sharing in China
Authors: Wang Jiaoe , Huang Jie , Dunford Michael
Published: March 2019

Cycling is known to be environmentally friendly and beneficial to public health and sustainable urban development. Cycling has recently increased in Chinese cities as a result of the emergence of station-less bike-sharing systems. This study examines the emergence, rapid growth and consolidation of station-less bike-sharing systems and the role of suppliers, users and government regulators. It shows that these systems developed unevenly, growing most in large cities in eastern and south-eastern China, and explores the relationship between this spatial distribution and the nature of the service and the socio-economic characteristics of cities. To investigate patterns of, and reasons for, the use of these systems, this research also reports the results of a survey of users and non-users, identifying their gender, age, income characteristics and attitudes to station-less systems.
Landscape Assessment for Stream Regulation Works in a Watershed Using the Analytic Network Process (ANP)
Authors: Peng Szu-Hsien
Published: March 2019

There is varied natural landscape in Taiwan. Erosion and sediment control engineering used to be a major strategy for watershed management and planning but ecological conservation in natural environments and industrial development, as well as the development of a sustainable watershed, have become priorities. This study established the factors that are used for landscape assessment for stream regulation works and their weights using a questionnaire survey of experts with different professional backgrounds in order to determine a method to assess the landscape. The factors, “texture and form”, “color”, and “ecology” were used to assess scenic beauty. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and the analytic network process (ANP) were used initially and an expert questionnaire was used to determine the criteria and weights for landscape assessment for watershed stream regulation works. The questionnaire results showed that “integration with natural environment” was the most important factor for the assessment of landscape aesthetics for watershed stream regulation works, followed by “availability of greening and vegetation space”. To preserve scenic beauty after watershed stream regulation works, an expert landscape assessment was undertaken beforehand. This study established a means to integrate the design of engineering structures with the natural landscape. Landscape assessments, strategies for architecture, and landscape design were combined to give an aesthetic solution for soil and water conservation engineering in Taiwan.
The Impact of Program Participation on Rural Household Income: Evidence from China’s Whole Village Poverty Alleviation Program
Authors: Lin Junying , Zhang Zhonggen , Lv Lingli
Published: March 2019

Villagers’ participation in poverty alleviation programs has received considerable attention, especially with regard to the poor. However, not much is known about the welfare effect of villagers’ program participation. This paper analyzes the impact of villagers’ program participation on their incomes. We used household data from 529 villagers in China’s Whole Village Poverty Alleviation Program. We focused on two types of program participation—discussion and voting. Using the propensity score matching approach, we estimate the impact of rural households’ program participation on their income. The results show that the education and the political career of the household head determine program participation. Households participating in discussion and voting have a positive and significant effect on household income. Richer households benefit more from the program. However, the poor receive less benefits. We conclude that broadening villager’s participation can boost the effectiveness of China’s poverty alleviation program.
Is Bicycle Sharing an Environmental Practice? Evidence from a Life Cycle Assessment Based on Behavioral Surveys
Authors: Zheng Fanying , Gu Fu , Zhang Wujie , Guo Jianfeng
Published: March 2019

As an icon of sharing economy and product service systems, bicycle sharing is gaining an increasing global popularity, yet there is little knowledge about the environmental performance of this emerging traveling mode. To seek the answer to the question, the paper employs a survey-based method and a life cycle assessment (LCA) approach. We first conduct a questionnaire-based survey to identify the changes in traveling modes after the introduction of shared bicycles. The survey results show that the use of shared bicycles is more popular among young and low-income populations, and shared bicycles are predominantly used to replace walking and bus-taking. Based on the survey results, we model the environmental impacts of the changed traveling behaviors and the life cycle of shared bicycle with the aid of Gabi software. The LCA results shows that bicycle sharing is currently an environmentally friendly practice, as it brings environmental savings in all the indicators except metal consumption. Further, the results of sensitivity analysis show that aging, rising rental fees, and increasing volume of shared bicycles would impart negative impacts on the environmental performance of bicycle sharing. The findings of this work facilitate the management and development of bicycle sharing.
Remote Observation in Habitat Suitability Changes for Waterbirds in the West Songnen Plain, China
Authors: Tian Yanlin , Wang Zongming , Mao Dehua , Li Lin , Liu Mingyue , Jia Mingming , Man Weidong , Lu Chunyan
Published: March 2019

Being one of the most important habitats for waterbirds, China’s West Songnen Plain has experienced substantial damage to its ecosystem, especially the loss and degradation of wetlands and grasslands due to anthropogenic disturbances and climate change. These occurrences have led to an obvious decrease in waterbird species and overall population size. Periodic and timely monitoring of changes in habitat suitability and understanding the potential driving factors for waterbirds are essential for maintaining regional ecological security. In this study, land cover changes from 2000 to 2015 in this eco-sensitive plain were examined using Landsat images and an object-based classification method. Four groups of environmental factors, including human disturbance, water situation, food availability, and shelter safety, characterized by remote sensing data were selected to develop a habitat suitability index (HSI) for assessing habitat suitability for waterbirds. HSI was further classified into four grades (optimum, good, general, and poor), and their spatiotemporal patterns were documented from 2000 to 2015. Our results revealed that cropland expansion and wetland shrinkage were the dominant land cover changes. Waterbird habitat areas in the optimum grade experienced a sharp decline by 7195 km2. The habitat area in good suitability experienced reduction at a change rate of −8.64%, from 38,672 km2 to 35,331 km2. In addition, waterbird habitats in the general and poor grades increased overall by 10.31%. More specifically, the total habitat areas with optimum suitable grade, in five national nature reserves over the study region, decreased by 12.21%, while habitat areas with poor suitable grade increased by 3.89%. Changes in habitat suitability could be largely attributed to the increase in human disturbance, including agricultural cultivation from wetlands and grasslands and the expansion of built-up lands. Our findings indicate that additional attention should be directed towards reducing human impact on habitat suitability for sustainable ecosystems.
Future Teachers’ Sustainable Water Consumption Behavior: A Test of the Value-Belief-Norm Theory
Authors: Çakır Yıldırım Birgül , Karaarslan Semiz Güliz
Published: March 2019

The impact of climate change and the demand of people for water resources are dramatically increasing. In order to protect water supply in the world, it is essential to develop individuals’ sustainable water consumption behaviors. Teachers play a key role in fostering students’ beliefs, attitudes, values and behaviors about sustainable water consumption. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore pre-service teachers’ sustainable water consumption behaviors using the Value-Belief-Norm theory. 481 pre-service teachers completed a questionnaire measuring sustainable water consumption behavior, universal values, personal norms and beliefs that were categorized as awareness of consequences and ascription of responsibility. The results revealed that the Value-Belief-Norm theory could successfully explain sustainable water consumption behaviors of pre-service teachers. The study revealed that personal norm was a strong predictor to explain sustainable water consumption behavior. Mediation analysis confirmed the causal order of the variables in the model. In other words, personal norms mediated the relationship between ascription of responsibility and sustainable water consumption behavior; ascription of responsibility mediated the relationship between awareness of consequences and personal norms; awareness of consequences mediated the relationship between biospheric-altruistic values and ascription of responsibility; and lastly, personal norms mediated the relationship between biospheric-altruistic values and sustainable water consumption behavior. The results have important implications for education programs and environmental program designers. Through designing water conservation education programs, teachers and students’ sustainable water consumption behaviors can be fostered by strengthening their biospheric-altruistic values, environmental beliefs and personal norm to act for the environment.
Long-Term Regional Environmental Risk Assessment and Future Scenario Projection at Ningbo, China Coupling the Impact of Sea Level Rise
Authors: Feng Yongjiu , Yang Qianqian , Tong Xiaohua , Wang Jiafeng , Chen Shurui , Lei Zhenkun , Gao Chen
Published: March 2019

Regional environmental risk (RER) denotes potential threats to the natural environment, human health and socioeconomic development caused by specific risks. It is valuable to assess long-term RER in coastal areas with the increasing effects of global change. We proposed a new approach to assess coastal RER considering spatial factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and used a future land use simulation (FLUS) model to project future RER scenarios considering the impact of sea level rise (SLR). In our study, the RER status was classified in five levels as highest, high, medium, low and lowest. We evaluated the 30 m × 30 m gridded spatial pattern of the long-term RER at Ningbo of China by assessing its 1975–2015 history and projecting this to 2020–2050. Our results show that RER at Ningbo has increased substantially over the past 40 years and will slowly increase over the next 35 years. Ningbo’s city center and district centers are exposed to medium-to-highest RER, while the suburban areas are exposed to lowest-to-medium lower RER. Storm surges will lead to strong RER increases along the Ningbo coast, with the low-lying northern coast being more affected than the mountainous southern coast. RER at Ningbo is affected principally by the combined effects of increased human activity, rapid population growth, rapid industrialization, and unprecedented urbanization. This study provides early warnings to support practical regulation for disaster mitigation and environmental protection.
Seismic Performance of Ancient Masonry Structures in Korea Rediscovered in 2016 M 5.8 Gyeongju Earthquake
Authors: Park Heon-Joon , Ha Jeong-Gon , Kim Se-Hyun , Jo Sang-Sun
Published: March 2019

The Gyeongju Historic Areas, which include the millennium-old capital of the Silla Kingdom, are located in the region most frequently affected by seismic events in the Korean peninsula. Despite the numerous earthquakes documented, most of the stone architectural heritage has retained their original forms. This study systematically reviews and categorises studies dealing with the seismic risk assessment of the architectural heritage of the historic areas. It applies research methodologies, such as the evaluation of the engineering characteristics of subsoil in architectural heritage sites, site-specific analysis of the ground motions in response to earthquake scenarios, geographic information system (GIS)-based seismic microzonation according to the geotechnical engineering parameters, reliability assessment of dynamic centrifuge model testing for stone masonry structures and evaluation of seismic behaviour of architectural heritage. The M 5.8 earthquake that hit Gyeongju on September 12, 2016 is analysed from an engineering point of view and the resulting damage to the stone architectural heritage is reported. The study focuses on Cheomseongdae, an astronomical observatory in Gyeongju, whose structural engineering received considerable attention since its seismic resistance was reported after the last earthquake. Dynamic centrifuge model tests applying the Gyeongju Earthquake motions are performed to prove that it is not a coincidence that Cheomseongdae, a masonry structure composed of nearly 400 stone members, survived numerous seismic events for over 1300 years. The structural characteristics of Cheomseongdae, such as the well-compacted filler materials in its lower part, rough inside wall in contrast to the smooth exterior, intersecting stone beams and interlocking headstones are proven to contribute to its overall seismic performance, demonstrating outstanding seismic design technology.
Dynamic Constitutive Model Analysis of High Parameter Steel Fiber Reinforced Concrete
Authors: Luo Dong
Published: March 2019

The traditional Holmquist-Johnson-Cook (HJC) constitutive model does not consider the effect of crack resistance, reinforcement and toughening effect of high parameter steel fiber on original concrete. The causes of the analysis effect of the high parameter reinforced concrete is not obvious. To address this problem, a dynamic constitutive model of high parameter steel fiber reinforced concrete is built in this paper. Based on the static constitutive model built by static force, a dynamic constitutive model is built based on the similarity between static and dynamic stress-strain curve. On this basis, the yield surface equation, state equation, and damage evolution equation of HJC constitutive model are constructed. An improved HJC constitutive model for high parameter steel fiber reinforced concrete is obtained by introducing the modification of the steel fiber reinforced, toughened, and strain rate effects into the HJC constitutive model. Dynamic analysis of high parameter steel fiber reinforced concrete is achieved by using the improved model. Experimental results show that the proposed model is effective in analyzing high parameter concrete and has strong applicability.
Engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry Proteins to Enhance the Activity against Western Corn Rootworm
Authors: Hou Jingtong , Cong Ruth , Izumi-Willcoxon Michi , Ali Hana , Zheng Yi , Bermudez Ericka , McDonald Mark , Nelson Mark , Yamamoto Takashi
Published: March 2019

A novel Bacillus thuringiensis Cry protein, Cry8Hb, active against Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (Western corn rootworm, WCRW) was discovered. Unexpectedly, the anti-rootworm activity of the Cry8Hb toxin was enhanced significantly by fusing Escherichia coli maltose binding protein (MBP) to this Cry toxin. While the exact mechanism of the activity enhancement remains indefinite, it is probable that the enhancement is a result of increased solubility of the MBP-Cry8Hb fusion in the rootworm midgut. This hypothesis was examined using a synthetic Cry3 protein called IP3-1, which was not soluble at a neutral pH like Cry8Hb and marginally active to WCRW. When IP3-1 was fused to MBP, its anti-WCRW activity was enhanced 13-fold. To further test the hypothesis, DNA shuffling was performed on IP3-1 to increase the solubility without MBP. Screening of shuffled libraries found six new IP3 variants showing very high anti-WCRW activity without MBP. Sequence and 3D structure analysis of those highly active, shuffled IP3 variants revealed several charge-altering mutations such as Lys to Glu on the putative MBP-attaching side of the IP3 molecule. It is likely that those mutations make the protein acidic to substitute the functions of MBP including enhancing the solubility of IP3 at a neutral pH.
The Sensitivity in Consumption of Different Vehicle Drivetrain Concepts Under Varying Operating Conditions: A Simulative Data Driven Approach
Authors: Jardin Philippe , Esser Arved , Givone Stefano , Eichenlaub Tobias , Schleiffer Jean-Eric , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: March 2019

As an important aspect of today’s efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, the energy demand of passenger cars is a subject of research. Different drivetrain concepts like plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and battery electric vehicles (BEV) are introduced into the market in addition to conventional internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) to address this issue. However, the consumption highly depends on individual usage profiles and external operating conditions, especially when considering secondary energy demands like heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC). The approach presented in this work aims to estimate vehicle consumptions based on real world driving profiles and weather data under consideration of secondary demands. For this purpose, a primary and a secondary consumption model are developed that interact with each other to estimate realistic vehicle consumptions for different drivetrain concepts. The models are parametrized by referring to state of the art contributions and the results are made plausible by comparison to literature. The sensitivities of the consumptions are then analysed as a function of trip distance and ambient temperature to assess the influence of the operating conditions on the consumption. The results show that especially in the case of the BEV and PHEV, the trip distance and the ambient temperature are a first-order influencing factor on the total vehicle energy demand. Thus, it is not sufficient to evaluate new vehicle concepts solely on one-dimensional driving cycles to assess their energy demand. Instead, the external conditions must be taken into account for a proper assessment of the vehicle’s real world consumption.
An Experimental Study on Mechanisms for Sediment Transformation Due to Riverbank Collapse
Authors: Shu Anping , Duan Guosheng , Rubinato Matteo , Tian Lu , Wang Mengyao , Wang Shu
Published: March 2019

Riverbank erosion is a natural process in rivers that can become exacerbated by direct and indirect human impacts. Unfortunately, riverbank degradation can cause societal impacts such as property loss and sedimentation of in-stream structures, as well as environmental impacts such as water quality impact. The frequency, magnitude, and impact of riverbank collapse events in China and worldwide are forecasted to increase under climate change. To understand and mitigate the risk of riverbank collapse, experimental/field data in real conditions are required to provide robust calibration and validation of hydraulic and mathematical models. This paper presents an experimental set of tests conducted to characterize riverbank erosion and sediment transport for banks with slopes of 45°, 60°, 75°, and 90° and quantify the amount of sediments transported by the river, deposited within the bank toe or settled in the riverbed after having been removed due to erosion. The results showed interesting comprehension about the characterization of riverbank erosion and sediment transport along the river. These insights can be used for calibration and validation of new and existing numerical models.
Spatial and Temporal Long-Term Patterns of Phyto and Zooplankton in the W-Mediterranean: RADMED Project
Authors: García-Martínez María del Carmen , Vargas-Yáñez Manuel , Moya Francina , Santiago Rocío , Reul Andreas , Muñoz María , López-Jurado José Luis , Balbín Rosa
Published: March 2019

It is widely accepted that the Mediterranean is an oligotrophic sea where winter mixing favors the proliferation of diatoms and high values of zooplanktonic biomass, mainly associated with the growth of copepods. Stratified conditions from mid-spring to late autumn are dominated by the picophytoplanktonic groups and the increment of cladoceran abundances. This general picture has important exceptions. A regionalization of the Mediterranean Sea can be established, distinguishing oligotrophic and mesotrophic areas and different blooming periods. The RADMED monitoring program covers a large area from the southwestern limit of the Mediterranean to the Catalan Sea. The analysis of phyto and zooplankton time series extending from 1992 to 2016 in some cases, and from 2007 to 2016 in others, have shown that the Spanish Mediterranean waters have differentiated areas and trophic regimes as a result of the existence of several fertilizing mechanisms which include winter mixing, tidal mixing in the Strait of Gibraltar, cyclonic circulation cells and frontal systems. The present work describes these different mechanisms acting on the Spanish Mediterranean waters, and also the potentiality of monitoring programs for providing statistics suitable for operational activities or the initialization/validation of ecological models.
Farklı Branşlardaki Öğretmen Adaylarının Değerlendirme Okuryazarlığı ve Değerlendirme Okuryazarlığına İlişkin Öz-Yeterliklerinin İncelenmesi*
Authors: ÇAMBAY Öznur , KAZANÇ Sefa
Published: March 2019

Bu çalışmada,  öğretmen adaylarının değerlendirme
okuryazarlıkları ve değerlendirme okuryazarlığına ilişkin öz-yeterlikleri tarama
metodu kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca, bu araştırmada öğretmen
adaylarının değerlendirme
okuryazarlıkları ve değerlendirme okuryazarlığına ilişkin öz-yeterlikleri
arasındaki ilişkiler de incelenmiştir. Bu çalışmaya, 2015-2016 öğretim yılı Fırat Üniversitesi Fen Bilgisi, Sınıf ve Okul Öncesi
Öğretmenliği programı dördüncü sınıfta öğrenim gören 35’er kişilik toplamda 105
öğretmen adayı katılmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak, anketler ve
bireysel yarı-yapılandırılmış mülakatlar kullanılmıştır. Öğretmen adaylarının
değerlendirme okuryazarlıklarını ve değerlendirme okuryazarlığına ilişkin öz-yeterlik
algılarını belirlemek için çalışma sonucunda elde edilen verilere Çok
Değişkenli Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) ve Pearson Korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır.
Yapılan istatistiksel analizler sonucunda, öğretmen adaylarının değerlendirme
okuryazarlıkları ve değerlendirme okuryazarlıklarına ilişkin öz-yeterlikleri arasında
anlamlı bir farklılığın olduğu tespit edilmiştir (p<0.05). Ayrıca fen
bilgisi, sınıf ve okul öncesi öğretmen adaylarının değerlendirme okuryazarlığı
ve değerlendirme okuryazarlığına ilişkin öz-yeterlikleri arasında istatistiksel
olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı belirlenmiştir (p>0.05). Bu araştırma
kapsamında elde edilen nitel verilerin de nicel verileri desteklediği
görülmüştür.
ACOLHIMENTO NO PROCESSO DE TRABALHO DO ENFERMEIRO DA ATEN��O B�SICA: ESTUDO QUALITATIVO
Authors: Ferreira Maria de Lourdes Silva Marques
Published: March 2019

Resumo

Objetivo: Analisar a percep��o de enfermeiros da aten��o b�sica de sa�de sobre acolhimento no processo de trabalho. M�todos: Pesquisa qualitativa, realizada com 21 enfermeiras de munic�pio do interior paulista, Brazil. A an�lise dos dados pautou-se na vertente fenomenol�gica, modalidade estrutura do fen�meno. Resultados: O acolhimento no processo de trabalho revelou-se como sistematiza��o do trabalho, escuta das necessidades do usu�rio e estabelecimento de v�nculo, organiza��o da demanda para que o usu�rio consiga agendamento � consulta m�dica, como demonstra��o de interesse pelas necessidades do usu�rio, al�m de atribuir valor ao mesmo por se tratar do cen�rio de aten��o b�sica. Estes dados mostram que � preciso se responsabilizar pelo usu�rio desde o momento que ele entra na unidade, entretanto, ainda h� profissionais que consideram a import�ncia do acolhimento como sin�nimo de recep��o e assim, referem-se a porta de entrada. O acolhimento tamb�m identifica as vulnerabilidades que podem comprometer a sa�de e a vida das pessoas. Relaciona-se ainda � organiza��o do acesso � consulta m�dica, em conformidade com o desejo da pessoa. Considera��es Finais: Observam-se esfor�os dos diferentes atores para incorporar o acolhimento na mudan�a do modelo assistencial. A proposta do acolhimento surge para auxiliar a mudan�a do modelo assistencial m�dico centrado com a��es curativas para estabelecer rela��es efetivas e desenvolver a autonomia do usu�rio, e com isso reafirmar a busca do cuidado integral, para fazer da Aten��o B�sica � Sa�de um caminho melhor para a assist�ncia � sa�de.
PROTOCOLO DE ATENDIMENTO ODONTOL�GICO DE PACIENTES EM TRATAMENTO COM BISFOSFONATOS.
Authors: De Sousa Amanda Soares , Almeida Vanessa Pereira , Taira Jorge , Savedra Luis Felipe , Rodrigues Ivan Vargas , Giro Gabriela
Published: March 2019

Introdu��o: Bisfosfonatos s�o medicamentos que possuem afinidade pela hidroxiapatita, regulando processos importantes para o funcionamento dos osteoclastos, inibindo, assim, a reabsor��o �ssea. Objetivo: Abordar o risco de acontecimento da osteonecrose em pacientes que usam bisfosfonatos e os m�todos de manejo deste pacientes. M�todo: Este estudo foi baseado nas recomenda��es da Academia Americana de Cirurgia Oral e Maxilofacial, por meio do levantamento bibliogr�fico de trabalhos pertinentes ao tema, publicados at� dezembro de 2016. Resultado: Observou-se com esta revis�o de literatura os pacientes que fazem uso de bisfosfonatos e que pertencem aos diferentes grupos de risco para a realiza��o de procedimento odontol�gicos. O atendimento desses pacientes deve ser cuidadoso, visando minimizar a ocorr�ncia da osteonecrose dos maxilares. Conclus�o: O tratamento de pacientes que usam bisfosfonatos � poss�vel devido � baixa incid�ncia da osteonecrose dos maxilares. Por�m vale ressaltar que protocolos preventivos devem ser adotados prevenindo, assim, a ocorr�ncia da osteonecrose dos maxilares.
MAPEAMENTO DAS INSTITUI��ES DO TERRIT�RIO: POSSIBILIDADES DE ATEN��O � INF�NCIA
Authors: Tavares Adriana , Souza Ione Evenise , Resende Jhones Santos , Martins Lidia Rosa S , Apostolico Ma�ra Rosa
Published: March 2019

Introdu��o: Dentre as dimens�es de cuidado da crian�a, a viol�ncia dom�stica como fen�meno social recebe destaque. Como estrat�gia de enfrentamento, a Aten��o Prim�ria � Sa�de tem papel de primordial. Objetivo caracterizar a distribui��o espacial das institui��es de atendimento � inf�ncia, em um dado territ�rio. M�todo: pesquisa descritiva, ecol�gica, que utilizou a ferramenta de geoprocessamento Batchgeo para caracterizar a distribui��o espacial das institui��es de atendimento � inf�ncia, no munic�pio de Guarulhos (SP, Brasil). Resultados: foram localizadas 584 institui��es dentre os setores de Assist�ncia social, Educa��o, Prote��o e Sa�de. Algumas as institui��es mais presentes nos territ�rios est�o distribu�das com melhor homogeneidade, tais como as escolas de ensino fundamental e UBS. Conclus�o: Ressalta-se a potencialidade do territ�rio para constitui��o de rede de prote��o e a necessidade de estrutura��o de a��es de preven��o e prote��o dos direitos infantis e promo��o de espa�os salutog�nicos, como forma priorit�ria de enfrentamento da viol�ncia dom�stica infantil.
Botanique et paysage. Les haies d'une commune du Berry (Sagonne)
Authors: Fourteau Anne-Marie
Published: March 2019

Des relevés botaniques effectués en Grande-Bretagne ont montré que dans certains cas une corrélation pouvait exister entre le nombre d'espèces botaniques vivantes dans une section déterminée de haie et l'âge de celle-ci. Cette étude tente d'adapter cette méthode à une commune du Berry, Sagonne (Cher), caractérisée par la présence d'un secteur en champs ouverts et d'un secteur en bocage. Le choix de ce terroir a été guidé par l'existence d'une documentation écrite relativement ancienne et notamment d'un plan terrier de 1704. L'étude botanique de 78 haies, sur 30 mètres de longueur chacune, permet d'abord de constater que certaines espèces arbustives ou lianescentes témoignent, par leur présence actuelle, de la proximité d'un secteur boisé parfois disparu, mais dont la localisation ancienne peut ainsi être restituée.

Dans l'état actuel d'adaptation de la méthode et de vérification de celle-ci dans ce terroir, il est par ailleurs possible de dire qu'un nombre élevé d'espèces végétales autres qu'herbacées — arbustives, arborescentes et lianescentes — est le témoignage d'une certaine ancienneté de la haie. Les haies possédant moins de neuf espèces différentes sont postérieures au milieu du XVIIIe siècle, tandis que toutes celles qui montrent plus de neuf espèces sont antérieures au XVIIIe siècle, sans qu'il soit possible d'affiner plus précisément cette estimation.

Le recours à des méthodes de prospection complémentaires, comme la thermographie ou la toponymie, permet d'étayer ces méthodes de datation, qui devront être testées sur d'autres terroirs et faire l'objet d'une réflexion méthodologique complémentaire. Mais dès maintenant, grâce à elles, des possibilités de datation existent pour le bocage français, ce qui doit attirer l'attention sur les conséquences de la destruction des haies, résultant notamment du remembrement.
Le monument juif d'époque romane du Palais de Justice de Rouen
Authors: Halbout-Bertin Dominique
Published: March 2019

En 1976, on a découvert dans la cour du Palais de Justice de Rouen deux bâtiments juifs d'époque romane, un monument et une cave.

Le monument mesure 14,14 m x 9,46 m, il est orienté Est-Ouest et ses murs sont épais de 1,60 m. La décoration extérieure (bases de colonnettes) permet de dater sa construction des environs de 1100. Le mur nord possède quatre fenêtres et le portail d'accès à la salle basse est au centre du mur sud. Le monument possédait deux niveaux, et l'on passait d'un étage à l'autre par un escalier à vis logé dans une tourelle. A l'intérieur de l'édifice, 16 graffiti hébreux ont été découverts sur les parois des murs, dont plusieurs sont empruntés à des versets de la Bible, faisant allusion au Temple de Jérusalem.

Après le départ des Juifs (1306), l'édifice a été réoccupé et l'on a conservé seule¬ ment une salle haute, en remblayant l'étage inférieur.

Un sondage pratiqué à l'extérieur du monument a permis de retrouver le niveau de circulation qui entourait le bâtiment à l'origine.

Le second bâtiment correspond à la partie encavée d'une habitation du début du xine siècle. L'habitation détruite, la partie inférieure continua d'être utilisée comme cave.

Quelle était la nature du monument juif ? On a avancé l'hypothèse d'une Acadé¬ mie talmudique, celle d'une synagogue, et finalement celle d'une demeure civile, qui semble la plus raisonnable.

Quelle que soit sa nature, le monument de Rouen est le plus ancien monument juif connu en Europe jusqu'à ce jour.
Le site de Saint-Sébastien-de-Maroiol (Hérault) et l'histoire de la proche campagne du monastère d'Aniane (V-XIIIe siècles)
Authors: Schneider Laurent , Paya Didier , Fabre Véronique
Published: March 2019

À moins de deux kilomètres du bourg d'Aniane, le site de Saint-Sébastien-de-Maroiol est un des tous premiers établissements du périmètre monastique ayant bénéficié d'une exploration archéologique. L'intervention de terrain, réalisée en 1992 sous la forme d'une fouille urgente de sauvetage, permet d'aborder un type de site encore passablement méconnu en Languedoc car caractérisé par une longue occupation. Modeste site d'origine antique, encore occupé aux V-VIIe siècles, le puech de Maroiol accueille au début du IXe siècle une église et un cimetière qui s 'intègrent dans un nouveau réseau d'habitats dispersés, stimulé entre 780 et 821 par le dynamisme grandissant d'Aniane. Regroupant à partir de la fin du Xe siècle, une partie de l'habitat dispersé des terroirs environnants, le site de Saint-Sébastien-de-Maroiol est devenu au milieu du XIIe siècle un village de second rang, intercalé entre le bourg castrai de Gignac au sud et le bourg monastique dAniane au nord.

Parallèlement aux données de fouille, le dossier des textes permet d'entrevoir la genèse d'une seigneurie laïque constituée auprès de cette vieille église. Dans la première moitié du XIIe siècle, un groupe d'hommes associant leur nom à la terre et à la villa de Maroiol tente de fortifier le village, mais il leur faut faire face aux prérogatives des bénédictins, soucieux de limiter la prolifération des sites fortifiés dans le périmètre de la juridiction monastique.
Le Miaoyuan guan 妙緣觀, temple des Affinités merveilleuses, une fondation taoïste des Ming à Pékin
Authors: Bujard Marianne
Published: March 2019

The Miaoyuan guan in Peking was founded during the Ming dynasty by Chen Jin, a Vietnamese eunuch captured during the Chinese war against Vietnam in the beginning of the 15th century. After serving four emperors, Chen Jin, who became a Daoist devotee and an expert in the art of long life, reunited his own residence with an old Zhenwu temple next to it, restored the buildings, and founded the Miaoyuan guan dedicated to the Daoist cult. Three centuries later, the Miaoyuan guan became one of the capital residences of the chaplain of the Yongzheng emperor, Lou Jinyuan (1689–1776). Affiliated to the Way of the Heavently Masters, Lou Jinyuan was the abbot of the most important Daoist shrine of the Forbidden City, the Qin’andian and later of the Da Guangming dian and the Dongyue miao ; he was also put in charge of the Bureau of Daoist Registers, the Daolu si. The relation between Lou Jinyuan and the Miaoyuan guan is explained in an inscription written by the official, poet and literary critic Shen Deqian (1673–1769) who, in the same inscription recounts briefly the history of the temple. The article attempts to show, through a particular case, the constant involvement of the eunuchs, the priests and the scholars in the life of Peking’s temples, until the 20th century, when the religious activities began to decline.
Le clan taoïste des Kang 康 de Shima sandu 石馬三都
Authors: Fava Patrice
Published: March 2019

Since the Ming dynasty, Hunan province has produced a unique religious statuary. We find a large quantity of statues devoted not only to the gods of the pantheon— as is typical of many places in China — but also to the cult of Daoist masters. In the collection Patrice Fava began to assemble fifteen years ago, twenty-two statues of Daoist masters came from the Shima sandu region of Xinhua district, and all these masters were surnamed Kang. They lived at the end of the Qing dynasty or during the Republican period. Another interesting fact is that most of the sculptors are surnamed Kang: Kang Yushan, Kang Daidi, Kang Guishan, Kang Faxian, Kang Baolin, Kang Hankui. Based on fieldwork conducted in Shima sandu in 2015, the article shows that the Kang family is still active, and that many sculptors received a Daoist ordination.
Which “Two Laws”? The Concept of trimnyi (khrims gnyis) in Medieval Tibet
Authors: Pirie Fernanda
Published: March 2019

Le concept de trimnyi, « deux lois », apparaît dans un certain nombre de récits tibétains à l’époque médiévale, entre le XIe et le XVIIe siècle. Cependant, le contenu de ces lois n’y est jamais clairement exprimé. Cet article explore les origines de cet appariement – à savoir des lois religieuses et des lois royales – dans les textes de l’époque post-impériale et la façon dont les récits les développèrent jusqu’au XVe siècle. Cet article aimerait montrer comment le concept des « deux lois » a servi à exprimer l’idée que les rois de la dynastie tibétaine de Yarlung fondaient leurs activités politiques, y compris leur législation, sur des principes bouddhiques. Ainsi, les auteurs de ce type d’écrits parvinrent à créer une description du Tibet qui ressortait d’une stratégie bouddhique ancienne, selon laquelle les principes religieux avaient fourni les bases des pratiques juridiques et gouvernementales des premiers souverains. Plus qu’une représentation idéaliste de l’influence que le bouddhisme a pu exercer sur la cour de Yarlung, je suggère que ces types de narrations prenaient probablement racine dans des faits historiques, reflétant des événements qui se dévoilaient lorsque de nouvelles idées religieuses étaient incorporées au sein de structures politiques déjà établies.