bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teachers’ Anxiety-relieving Techniques for Academic Success
Authors: Abbasian Marjan
Published: January 2024

Although it is fairly obvious that student stress and anxiety have a negative impact on students’ academic performance, the role that teachers can play in easing these difficulties is frequently overlooked. The purpose of this study is to discover the techniques employed by teachers to help students who are anxious about speaking English and to determine the effects of those strategies. This study makes use of a qualitative approach. The participants of this study included six lecturers from English Department of Cihan University-Erbil. The obtained data through interview are analyzed descriptively. Peer group and fun activities are two of those techniques that those teachers have used and they could enhance student self-assurance, communication abilities, and collaborative learning. Moreover, relaxing, inspiring, and entertaining are the impact of doing some fun activities by them to alleviate the anxiety level of students.
Acceptability of Google Translate Machine Translation System in Translation from English into Kurdish
Authors: Rasouli Fereydoon , Soleimanzadeh Soma , Seyyedi Keivan
Published: January 2024

The development of Machine Translation (MT) systems and their application in performing translation projects gave a crucial position to the evaluation of these systems’ outputs. Recently, the Google Translate MT system added the central accent of the Kurdish language to its language list. The current study is an attempt to evaluate the acceptability of the translated texts produced by the system. Different text typologies have been considered for the study's data. To evaluate the MT outputs, the Bilingual Evaluation Understudy (BLEU) evaluation model has been administered. The findings show that the performance of the understudy MT system in the translation of English into the Sorani accent of Kurdish is affected by some linguistic and technical hindrances, which in general affect the acceptability of translated text.
文人與義士之間：明代金華地區鄉賢編寫中的駱賓王
Authors: 許 建業
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

元明時期，金華地區爲理學之重鎮，士人爲鄉賢撰寫傳記乃維繫鄉邦文化傳統的重要活動。鄉賢既是地方學術文化的代表，與他們相關的編寫某程度反映了風教之變化，也涉及地方崇祀鄉賢的機制。唐代詩人駱賓王是金華地區早期比較知名的文人，但其形象和地位到了明代中葉以後才得到肯定和提升。對於賓王書檄討武后一事，金華廟學公論、地方志傳鄉賢傳記等陸續將他由“作亂”改判“舉義”，又將其身分類目由“文人”轉爲“義士”。這除了見證胡應麟等金華後學爲其平反的努力外，同時反映明代中期以後文人之價值認同漸從道學鬆綁開來。在駱賓王的形象塑造背後，既有用以證明“文藝”可兼“器識”的觀點，卻又陷於“立身”還是“立言”才得以自樹的糾葛之中。剥離文學史視野而置於鄉賢編寫中的駱賓王，不單可看到金華文教風尚轉移的側影，更是明代文人自我價值與定位其中一個重要的討論場域。以上關於立言、文士等的價值争議，在在透露了文學批評研究對史料的運用和詮釋，拓闊了其考察的維度。

In the Yuan-Ming dynasties, the Jinhua region (in modern Zhejiang province) was a center of Neo-Confucianism. To maintain the cultural tradition of the place, scholars stressed the importance of writing biographies for local worthies, who represented the local intellectual culture. These narratives reflect the cultural norms and perceptions of the time, and, therefore, showcase how and why certain figures were praised and worshipped in a certain locale. The Tang Dynasty poet Luo Binwang (7th c.) was relatively well-known in the early Jinhua area. Nonetheless, his image and status had not been affirmed and promoted until mid-Ming times (16th c.). The public opinion on Luo Binwang’s denunciation of Empress Wu (r. 690 705) underwent significant changes over time: he was first considered a rebel, but was later seen as a righteous poet who upheld loyalty and integrity. The change was made possible due to the efforts of Hu Yinglin (1551-1602) and other Jinhua scholars. This reflects the gradual change in the literati’s value as Neo-Confucianism was no longer the only standard people would abide by after the mid-Ming. Behind the making of Luo Binwang’s image, scholars sought to prove that “literature and art” could be combined with “morality and talent.” But at the same time, the Ming literati struggled between the two ways of establishing oneself: “by virtue” or “by writing.” Luo Binwang, no longer viewed from the perspective of literary history, was then placed in the tradition of local worthies. This not only reflects the transition of Jinhua’s culture, but also serves as an important case study to examine how the literati assessed and positioned themselves in the Ming Dynasty. The aforementioned disputes on the value of writing and the literati demonstrate how the scope of study can be broadened by integrating history with the study of literary criticism.
宋人不言慶曆“新政”“新法”“變法”考———基於觀念史的個案研究
Authors: 馮 志弘
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.

宋人雖常以“新法”“變法”“新政”賅括熙豐政事，但未曾以這些詞彙歸納慶曆之政；當代文史著作常言“慶曆新政”，這説法卻不見於清代以前文獻，原因何在？本文考析宋人慶曆書寫，指出：（1）熙豐變法時期宋人從未直接比較范、王改革主張，也不曾認爲慶曆、熙寧更革是可比的對象，這些聯繫待朱熹而後始。今人或曰熙豐變法之時，慶曆革新派趨於保守，這固屬當代觀點，卻非宋人認識；（2）范仲淹故後，對其顯有貶評者只有梅堯臣、宋神宗、王安石三例，後二者對范的批評，反映熙豐變法主事者並不完全認同慶曆改革；（3）歐陽修等慶曆當事人認爲范仲淹改革失敗皆因“群言營營，卒壞於成”，可是徽宗朝以後卻出現“慶曆之治”説法，其内涵又被簡化爲仁宗能“開納直言，善御群臣，賢必進，邪必退”。這説法無法揭示慶曆之政真正特色，又故意忽略慶曆改革主事者因“衆訾成波，擠落在外”的事實，卻有利於范仲淹作爲忠義第一人形象的建立；（4）宋人從不曾認爲慶曆之政有違祖宗之法，這是宋人不言慶曆“新”政的根本原因。南宋以後論者以范仲淹爲“守我宋之家法者”，進一步確立這觀點。

When Song-Dynasty people summarized the political situation of the Xining (1068-1077) and Yuanfeng (1078-1085) eras, they used the terms “new laws,” “reform of laws,” and “new policies,” but the Qingli era (1041-1048) was never treated in the same way. The term “New Policies of the Qingli era” is commonly used in contemporary scholarship of Chinese history, but this term was not in existence in the literature before the Qing Dynasty. What is the reason for these phenomena? The present study analyzes Song people’s writing on Qingli and makes the following arguments:

(1) During the Xining-Yuanfeng reform, Song people had never directly compared the reformist advocacy of Fan Zhongyan (989 1052) and that of Wang Anshi (1021-1086), nor had they ever considered the Qingli and Xining-Yuanfeng reforms comparable, until Zhu Xi (1130-1200) made such a comparison. Today’s view that the Qingli reform advocacy was deemed conservative during the Xining-Yuanfeng reform movement was never so perceived by Song people. (2) After Fan’s death, he was explicitly criticized by Mei Yaochen (1002-1060), Emperor Shenzong of the Song (r. 1067 1085), and Wang Anshi only. The criticisms by the latter two indicate that the Xining-Yuanfeng reform leaders did not completely agree with the Qingli reform. (3) Ouyang Xiu (1007-1072) and the other leaders of the Qingli reform held that Fan’s failure was due to the extensive wave of criticisms the reform had triggered. However, during the reign of Emperor Huizong (r. 1100-1126), a positive view emerged, coming with it inarguable narratives that describe the reform as a sign of Emperor Renzong’s (r. 1022-1063) willingness to accept advice. Unable to reveal the Qingli reform’s true features, this opinion deliberately ignores the historical fact that the Qingli advocates were lambasted and thus demoted, but helps construct Fan’s personal image as a most loyal person. (4) Song people had never considered that the Qingli reform violated the ancestral custom of the Song Dynasty, and this is the very reason why they had never referred to it as “new policies.” This argument was further supported by the opinion of Southern Song critics, who viewed Fan as a protector of the traditional norms laid down by the ancestors of the Song Dynasty’s royal house.
朱惠國、余意、歐陽明亮：《民國詞集研究》
Authors: 馬 大勇
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

以“民國文學”概念的生成拓展爲横坐標，以古典詩詞史的延伸承續爲縱坐標，近年來，民國舊體詩詞的研究漸呈上揚之勢。一方面，學界在文獻、理論兩大維度上都頗有獻替；另一方面，也確實存在著“求數量輕品質、重立論輕考辨的不良傾向”（頁20）。朱惠國先生主持詞學壇坫有年，在民國詞研究領域成果卓著。他與兩位年輕學者余意、歐陽明亮合著的《民國詞集研究》（以下稱“本書”）正是在這一背景下推出的又一優異成果，更不啻是針對當下某些粗疏浮躁學風敲響的一記清耳之鐘。(撮要取自內文首段)
王德威：《哈佛新編中國現代文學史》
Authors: 吕 文翠 , 徐 德明
Published: January 2024

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese only.

讀通《哈佛新編中國現代文學史》（以下簡稱《哈編》），須解字説文而取精用弘。

何爲解字、説文？解字以凸出該著作的關鍵字／要素，説文呈現王德威賦予這些詞彙以主體特質。標題中心詞“史”接受五重修飾，以史爲樞紐而限制詞由近及遠，層遞解字說文：史、文學、現代、中國、新編、哈佛。修飾詞蘊含豐厚，本文僅限於書中呈現的特别語義。(撮要取自內文首段)
Comparison of Eye Fatigue Incidence Between Male and Female Medical Students with Refraction Error
Authors: Wardana Made Kusuma , Permatananda Pande Ayu Naya Kasih , Sedani Ni Wayan , Cahyawati Putu Nita , Aryastuti Anak Agung Sri Agung
Published: January 2024

Abstract—Eye fatigue is one of main problems faced by students during their education. The female gender is known to have a higher risk of eyestrain than the male gender.  This study was conducted to analyze the differences in eyestrain event of medical students with refractive error based on gender. This research was an analytic observational study with cross-sectional design. Male and female students with refractive errors, aged 18-20 years old, and willing to participate in the study were included. Eyestrain was measured using Visual Fatigue Score questionnaire in Indonesian. Chi Square analysis was carried out to analyze the differences in eyestrain event of medical student with refractive error based on the gender. Results: There were 117 respondents in this study, which consisted of 57 male students and 57 female students, both were with refractive errors. Of the 117 respondents, 62 respondents experienced with eyestrain, with details of 24 were male students and 38 were female students. Chi Square analysis obtained a P value of 0.001 which means significantly different. In addition to refractive errors, gender is another variable that can affect the event of eyestrain in medical students. Prevention efforts need to be done to overcome this problem. 

Keywords: eye fatigue, gender, refraction error, medical student

 

Abstrak—Kelelahan mata merupakan salah satu masalah utama yang dihadapi mahasiswa selama menjalani pendidikan. Jenis kelamin perempuan diketahui memiliki risiko kelelahan mata yang lebih tinggi daripada jenis kelamin laki-laki. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kejadian kelelahan mata pada mahasiswa kedokteran dengan gangguan refraksi berbasis gender. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional analitik dengan rancangan cross sectional. Mahasiswa atau mahasiswi kedokteran dengan gangguan refraksi, berusia 18-20 tahun, dan bersedia mengikuti penelitian dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian. Kelelahan mata diukur dengan menggunakan kuesioner Visual Fatigue Score dalam Bahasa Indonesia. Analisis Chi Square dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kelelahan mata pada mahasiswa dan mahasiswi kedokteran dengan gangguan refraksi. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 117 yang terdiri dari 57 mahasiswa dan 57 mahasiswi  dengan gangguan refraksi. Dari 117 responden tersebut, 62 responden mengalami kelelahan mata, dengan rincian 24 adalah mahasiswa dan 38 adalah mahasiswi. Analisis Chi Square didapatkan nilai p= 0,001 yang berarti bermakna signifikan. Selain gangguan refraksi, gender adalah hal yang dapat berpengaruh pada kejadian kelelahan mata pada mahasiswa. Upaya pencegahan perlu dilakukan untuk dapat mengatasi hal tersebut.,

Kata kunci: kelelahan mata, gender, gangguan refraksi, mahasiswa kedokteran
Association between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 Polymorphism, Metabolism, and Neurotoxicity after Administration of Phenytoin: A Systematic Review
Authors: Mardhiani Rizka , Harahap Yahdiana , Wiratman Winnugroho
Published: January 2024

Abstract—Phenytoin is an antiepileptic drug (AED) metabolized by cytochrome P450 enzymes, especially by CYP2C9 (90%) and CYP2C19 (10%), where both enzymes are polymorphic so that they can undergo polymorphism and it can change the metabolic rate of the drug. Phenytoin is one of the drugs whose risk of side effects may increase due to its narrow therapeutic window of 10-20 µg/mL if the metabolism is slow. The main literature was taken from publications through the library databases in 2017 – 2021. Studies and reviews describing the metabolism, CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, and neurotoxicity of phenytoin were included, and unrelated research were excluded. There were 18 of 853 articles describing CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphisms, metabolism, and neurotoxicity events associated with phenytoin used. The authors conclude that based on the results from various literature, there is an association between CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 polymorphism, metabolism, and neurotoxicity after Phenytoin administration with CYP2C9*2 and CYP2C9*3 types of polymorphisms for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19*2 and CYP2C19*3 types for CYP2C19*3 enzymes which can slow down the phenytoin metabolism and increase its concentration in serum so that the risk of causing neurotoxicity.

Keywords: CYP2C9, CYP2C19,metabolism, neurotoxicity, phenytoin

 

Abstrak—Fenitoin merupakan obat antibangkitan yang dimetabolisme oleh enzim sitokrom P450 terutama oleh CYP2C9 (90%) dan CYP2C19 (10%), dimana kedua enzim tersebut bersifat polimorfik sehingga dapat mengalami polimorfisme dan dapat mempengaruhi laju metabolisme obat. fenitoin merupakan salah satu obat yang risiko efek sampingnya dapat meningkat jika metabolismenya lambat karena jendela terapeutiknya yang sempit, yaitu 10-20 µg/mL. Literatur utama diambil dari publikasi melalui database perpustakaan tahun 2017 – 2021. Penelitian dan ulasan yang menggambarkan metabolisme, polimorfisme CYP2C9 dan CYP2C19, dan neurotoksisitas fenitoin, dan penelitian yang tidak terkait dikeluarkan. Terdapat 18 dari 853 artikel yang menjelaskan polimorfisme CYP2C9 dan CYP2C19, metabolisme, dan kejadian neurotoksisitas terkait dengan fenitoin yang digunakan. Peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan hasil dari berbagai literatur, terdapat hubungan antara polimorfisme, metabolisme, dan neurotoksisitas CYP2C9 dan CYP2C19 setelah pemberian fenitin dengan jenis polimorfisme CYP2C9*2 dan CYP2C9*3 untuk CYP2C9 dan CYP2C19*2 dan CYP2C19*3 jenis enzim CYP2C19*3 yang dapat memperlambat metabolisme fenitoin dan meningkatkan konsentrasinya dalam serum sehingga berisiko menyebabkan neurotoksisitas.

Kata kunci: CYP2C9, CYP2C19, fenitoin, metabolisme, neurotoksisitas
Palestine: A genocide
Authors: Palmieri Agustin
Published: January 2024

Based on its material conditions—objective and subjective—the current mode of social production promotes a particular kind of existence that perceives itself as a helpless thing, thrown towards a dark destiny from which there is no way out. As Jameson (2009) stated, it is easier to imagine the end of everything than the end of capitalism. In this sense, the Palestinian genocide can’t help but be thought of as an acute symptom of global capitalism and the fight to the death for leadership of the new geopolitical map and the world civilisational process. Therefore, all our ‘psy’ practices must be thought of in the light of a series of theoretical and ethical-political frameworks that make compossible (Badiou, 2002) a matrix of critical insight that, at the same time that interrupts the automatisms of the social, allows us to think about psychopolitical discontents as complex forms of psychic and subjective suffering that precede and exceed the bourgeois ideological sphere of the familial and the private individual.
THE THEME OF THE CONNECTION BETWEEN IDENTITY AND FREEDOM IN TONI MORRISON'S SONG OF
Authors: YEGHIAZARYAN GAYANE , ASLANYAN ANI
Published: January 2024

Folklore plays an important role in the life and culture of African-Americans. The novel "Song of Solomon" is based on various stories, myths and legends, particularly the Biblical "Song of Song", the myth of the flying African and the folk tale. The main message of the novel is to be close to the roots. The importance is the role of ethnic self-awareness in the formation and completeness of the personality.
The article presents the ideology of the novel “Song of Solomon” through an analysis of its plot, characters, message and artistic expressions, in which the central idea is the connection of individual and ethnic identities. The author's message is presented in which the issue of preserving ethnic identity is central. The idea of ​​freedom is symbolized in the novel through a person's flight to his ethnic origins. Morrison equates the ideas of freedom and identity, and discusses the idea of ​​eternity. In today's rapidly changing world, when scientific and technological progress and globalization processes have a direct impact on the psychology and lifestyle of modern man, preserving identity can be considered one of the tasks facing humanity. Personal identity, which is also in demand along with ethnic identity, has become one of the vulnerable problems of the modern world, the solution of which depends on the issue of the existence of peoples with different cultures. Naturally, this problem is of greater concern to small countries, which find it more difficult to resist the pressure of globalization. The novel was also studied from the point of view of the methodology of magical realism, revealing features characteristic of this direction. The use of symbols is a feature of magical realism, which seems to help Toni Morrison convey the idea of ​​​​the work to the reader.
GURGEN KHANJYAN'S PLAY "ON THE BRIDGE: YEARS LATER" IN THE LIGHT OF BIOGRAPHICAL AND SOCIO-POLITICAL CIRCUMSTANCES
Authors: MANUCHARYAN KAREN
Published: January 2024

In the article, we have examined Gurgen Khanjyan's play "On the Bridge: Years Later" in the light of biographical and socio-political circumstances.

            The play is based on the biographical events of the author. The episodes from the past of the main character George directly reflect a large  period of G. Khanjyan's biography. In the center of the action is the character type of a middle-aged artist, internally divided, isolated, prone to alcoholism and irregular sex life, which generally corresponds to Gurgen Khanjyan.

To examine the connection between biography and literature correctly, we have referred to the critical significance of the biographical method, showing its advantages and disadvantages. To avoid a one-sided examination, we also referred to the three "totalities" identified by the cultural-historical method founder, Hippolyte Ten, in which the artistic work is located (co-authorship of the author's works, dominant currents and directions of the time, general nature of society).

               Based on these methods, we tried to examine the play in different chains. With the help of the interview conducted with the author, we compiled the early period of his biography, paying special attention to the episode of the suicide attempt. The latter is the core of the play, around which other events are woven. We have also referred to the socio-political circumstances of the country, because the general situation of the newly independent Armenia corresponded to the image of the author who reached the edge of the bridge. We examined the opinions expressed by the main character about painting as the manifestation of Gurgen Khanjyan's literary understanding, partially referring to the co-author of his work.

             We came to the conclusion that the biographical facts were generalized as much as possible in the play and became windows of the aesthetic perception of the world.
MOTIVATION FOR SUCCESS AT A YOUNG AND MATURE AGE
Authors: PETROSYAN RUZANNA , GEVORGYAN HAKOB
Published: January 2024

The article discusses the peculiarities of the aspirations of young and mature people to success, the peculiarities of reflecting and manifesting success as a multifaceted phenomenon, combined and identified in literature and research, in various spheres of life.

Considering that professional activity occupies an important place in the life of every person, naturally, it is checked and evaluated both in terms of overall satisfaction and in terms of a sense of success; therefore, these issues are of paramount importance to society.From this point of view, multidimensional socio-psychological phenomena and problems of symmetry or asymmetry of personality and profession are always relevant.

Thus, we can say that the work activity is of a public nature. A person creates social values and gets the opportunity to take advantage of the values created by other people. In the context of achieving success, the article also highlighted the component of personal self-expression, given that the work is divided into areas in which a person carries out professional activities, depending on the functions, means of implementation and result.

The issue of separating the manifestations of success, in particular success factors related to the military sphere, which in its essence and content has a kind of applied significance, was also raised.In the course of determining the levels of performance assessment, it was found that the normal expression of the general emotionality of the subjects and its individual components directly affects the level of success.And the desire for success is based on certain socio-psychological factors, which we discussed in the article, which, as a certain level of success, depend on a person's social status, improvement of social status and the resulting sense of satisfaction.

It was confirmed that high success rates are also due to the desire to achieve the set goals. Which are also mutually conditioned by the level and problems of ensuring psychological, information and physical security, as well as the moral and psychological state, that is, the state of mind of each subject in a given period and in specific conditions, that is, a state that is expressed in their combat activity and readiness to act in accordance with the established procedure in emergency situations.
SOME DIALECTICAL REALITIES TEACHING AT SCHOOL
Authors: YUZBASHYAN ASHKHEN , VERDYAN SHOGER
Published: January 2024

There are many types of dialects in Armenian language, enough beautiful and rich, unique manifestations of “alive language”. In this article we refer for teaching dialects in primary school and high school either. For teaching dialectal realities we offer some methodical tricks also methods. There is no allotted time in the program of state Armenian language at middle school for teaching dialects, but considering the fact that in the state program of “Literature” there are many included works written with different dialects, that means we have to refer for linguistic realities of its teaching. Considering age characteristics in the primary school, we found it appropriate to organize the teaching of dialectal realities using the techniques of 1. Mystery, 2. Guessing, 3. Surprise, unexpectedness \, which give students the opportunity to arouse interest in the taught material. In high school, we pay more attention to knowledge-based realities, referring to literary Armenian-dialect-slang concepts. We offer materials for independent research, making posters, filming videos. 

Thus, referring to the teaching of dialect realities in primary and high school, we can note that:

In the primary school, it is preferable to use guesswork, surprise, mystery and other such tricks that will arouse interest among students.

In high school, we offer more knowledge-based methods, such as lectures, independent research and group work.

These realities are an important foundation that prepares high school students for higher education.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOFT SKILLS OF STUDENTS IN THE BACHELOR OF JOURNALISM THROUGH MULTIMEDIA LONGREAD
Authors: BAGHDASARYAN ARTUR
Published: January 2024

In the contemporary, rapidly changing world, nurturing students' soft skills remains a critical challenge for the professional education system. The future professional success of graduates hinges on the effective development of these skills. Soft skills were considered as universal practical, communication and management qualities of a person that allow them to effectively or best perform assigned tasks, ensuring the desired result. The research examines the soft skills of undergraduate journalism students in Armenia, including their attitudes and assessment of 10 outlined skills. These skills were derived from multiple international studies and interviews conducted with employers and personnel managers. The selection of soft skills was also carried out taking into account the peculiarities of the organization of media work in the conditions of modern information technologies. While preparing a professional task, a longread, we observed the impact of soft skills on students' attitudes through self-analysis, as well as the changes in their perceptions towards these skills.

Multimedia extensive story (longread) is a journalistic product, the prerequisite for its creation is ideological and creative cooperation. It simultaneously involves the use of various journalistic materials (audiovisual and animation materials, photographs, graphs, maps, etc.) and genres that are harmoniously combined into one. The approach advocates the effectiveness of incorporating the development of soft skills into the higher education system through the integration of professional subjects and tasks, as it significantly boosts students' motivation. The significance of an individually tailored "road" program for the development of soft skills for each student was also emphasized, as it holds the potential to become a key factor in ensuring their future professional success.
Language Anxiety for Students of Intermediate Speaking Proficiency Level
Authors: Akhmad Enni , Aba La , R Saleh Yuwin
Published: January 2024

The focus of research on students' anxiety when speaking a foreign language, such as English, has shifted to language learning and education. However, the experience of students who reached the intermediate level remains underexplored, particularly in the context of students in intermediate speaking classes. This study aims to identify the students’ reasons for feeling anxious and whether intermediate students also experience language anxiety. This qualitative research involved 20 participants from an intermediate-speaking class of fifth-year English Education Department undergraduate students at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo. Data were collected using an unstructured interview and an observation sheet. Triangulation was used to analyze data by checking the credibility of data from interviews and observations. According to the findings of this study, students were anxious for three reasons: they were afraid of making mistakes, they were shy to speak, and they had lost motivation to speak. The students who joined the intermediate speaking class experienced anxiety as their psychological disorder. Anxiety was identified as the dominant psychological disorder among the students. It supported the previous research that found students of all levels experienced anxiety in their speaking English class. As a result, to alleviate students' anxiety about speaking a foreign language, teachers must consider the students' anxiety when developing teaching materials and media.
The Influence of the Hello English Application towards Students’ Learning Achievement in Vocabulary Mastery
Authors: Astiana Astiana , Zuhri Dj Muhammad , Nursidah Nursidah
Published: January 2024

The objective of this research was to determine the impact of the Hello English application on students' vocabulary acquisition. This study adopted a quasi-experimental design and quantitative research methodology. Data were obtained from 30 eighth-grade students, 15 of whom were in the experimental class and 15 of whom were in the control class. The instrument for data collection was vocabulary tests that were intended to determine if the Hello English program had an effect on students' vocabulary knowledge. The findings of the data analysis indicate that the experimental class's mean score on the pre-test was only 34 but climbed to 57.3 on the post-test. In contrast, the mean pre-test score for the control group was 43, whereas the post-test score was just 39.6. As a result, the class adopting Hello English as the treatment saw a considerable improvement.
Using Islamic Videos to Increase the Writing Skills of the Senior High School Students
Authors: Dewi Yusmananda Putri , Iksan Muhammad
Published: January 2024

The research aims to determine the effectiveness of Islamic Videos in increasing the students' writing skills and perceive the use of Islamic videos (History of Rasulullah). This research used Classroom Action Research (CAR); this study was located at Senior High School 1 Lasusua. The study was done on 28 September-02 November 2021. The research subject was XI IPA 2, and their total was 28. The instruments of this research were tests, observation techniques, and interviews. This research used two cycles in which every process had four steps: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. The researcher analyzed the observation qualitatively and then analyzed the test quantitatively. The students' mean score in cycle 1 was 74.46, while the mean score in cycle 2 was 80.21. it can be concluded that the Islamic video (history of Rasulullah) increased the students' ability to write narrative text students' learning outcomes. To overcome the lack of student mastery in writing narrative text, the researcher solved it in several ways: (1) the researcher applied an Islamic video (history of Rasulullah). (2) Doing exercise in every meeting. (3) Reviewing the current material in every meeting. Doing the action shows that students always made an improved learning activity and a vast understanding of the material. Besides that, the students felt enjoyed and fun during the learning process.
Students’ Perception of Using Humor in Teaching English Class at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang
Authors: Yana Rahma , Syahrul Syahrul
Published: January 2024

There were several student problems that the writer found at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang. First, Some students agree on using humor in the classroom, but some students disagree on using humor in the classroom. Second, Some students said that using humor in teaching English is necessary to make the atmosphere pleasant. Using humor in teaching helped them to understand the material quickly and made them enjoy the learning. Last, Some students said that the use of humor in learning English is good as long as they don't laugh too much in class because it will take up a lot of time in the learning process and cause the learning process to be not optimal. So, some students do not understand the material. This research aims to determine students' perceptions of using humor in teaching English classes. The researcher wants to determine whether students' perceptions are positive or negative. The instrument of this research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive form. The population was the Eleventh Grade at SMAN 2 Tilatang Kamang in 2020/2021, with 75 students. The researcher used the total sampling technique because the population was less than 100 students. The result of this research was taken by taking the average score of 6 types of humor in learning English, namely learning Caricature Humor (78,07%), Short Stories/Anecdotes Humor (78,53%), Special Humor (74,13%), and Unplanned Humor, Performance, Pantomime, and Gestures (73,12%). It was found that male and female students have positive perceptions of humor in teaching English. Female students had slightly better perceptions than male students (75,74%>73,81%). Thus, the result of the research showed that students supported the use of humor in teaching English class.
Turning English Language Teaching into Service Learning: Transformative Education for Fourth Industrial Revolution
Authors: Fatema Kaniz , Hossain Md Mozaffor
Published: January 2024

This research article means to academically elaborate the imperativeness of establishing a pragmatic convergence between English Language Teaching (ELT) and Service Learning (SL) as a worthwhile way of ensuring Transformative Education (TE) which, eventually, has a rewarding prospect of buttressing the ensuing as well as the currently-functioning Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR). The researchers delineate some feasible models for incorporating service-learning into ELT arrangements at the program offering entity, and thereby, illustrate how these SL and ELT combinations might result in TE, and, somehow or other, instigate FIR.
Peer Review Technique in Teaching EFL Writing Skills for Senior High School Students
Authors: Jufriadi Jufriadi , Rahmah Muin Fadliyah , Mustika Ria
Published: January 2024

This research aims to determine how peer review improves writing skills for the tenth grade of SMA 13 Luwu Timur. It was applied before the experimental study, focusing on one group pretest and post-test design. The population in this research was the tenth grade of SMA 13 Luwu Timur. The research instrument used was a writing test (pretest and post-test). The data is analyzed by descriptive statistics and calculated using SPSS 22. The data analyzed by calculating the mean score and paired sample t-test revealed that the mean score of students in the post-test (55.08) was higher than the pretest (49.15). The t-count (3,118) is more significant than the t-table (2.179). This shows that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) is accepted, and the null hypothesis (Ho) is rejected. It can be said that using peer review in learning can be recommended to improve students' writing skills.
Morning English Program (MEP) as a Strategy to Improve Students' Speaking Skills at SMK Bhakti Mulia Pare Kediri
Authors: Isya Anshori Mohammad , Shofiya Arina , Iftanti Erna
Published: January 2024

This study aims to describe the activities of MEP and their impact on improving students' speaking skills. This study applied a descriptive quantitative method. In collecting the data, the researchers of the administered questionnaire were divided into two groups: an English teacher at SMK Bhakti Mulia Pare and 11th-grade students who became members of the MEP. Then, the researcher interviewed five students and one teacher to expand the information received. Data analysis was done by calculating the percentage of students' participation in each activity. The supporting qualitative data was analyzed by collecting, displaying, and drawing conclusions. The reliability of the study data was checked through data triangulation. The results of this study showed that the MEP activities consisted of speeches, reading aloud, telling stories and group discussions. Following the implementation of these activities, students' speaking skills, which include grammatical accuracy, pronunciation skills, vocabulary mastery, fluidity, and the ability to organize concepts in speaking, improve. In addition, students experience low anxiety and are more interested in learning English. This positive impact results from the teacher's role in preparing appropriate teaching methods and creating a positive learning environment. Henceforth, this study emphasizes the importance of planning before implementing an English program and adopting similar activities to improve students' speaking skills.
Profiling ESP Students’ Needs as Recommendation for Designing Hospitality Syllabus in Indonesian Vocational Schools
Authors: Ma'fiyah Imroatul
Published: January 2024

This descriptive qualitative study examines the needs of ESP students’ as a fundamental basis for designing an English for hotel program in the context of vocational secondary school in Indonesia. English teachers and students from hospitality program collaborated to investigate learners’ specific needs, which were then used to make recommendations for classroom implementation and instruction.  The study aimed to understand how students in the hospitality program perceive their English needs and assess the adequacy of the current syllabus in meeting those needs. The findings revealed that students identified a range of language skills they need to acquire, including speaking, listening, reading and writing skills with particular emphasis on communication in hotel costumer service situations. Students expressed their expectations for practical, interactive and industry-relevant language learning experiences. The study emphasizes the importance of incorporating materials and real-world scenarios into syllabus to enhance students’ language proficiency and job readiness. The research findings serve as a valuable contribution to reorganizing the syllabus to better align with the students’ needs. Further research is recommended to explore the significance of addressing students’ specific needs as language learners and in relation to their career goals in the hotel industry.
The Impact of Snake and Ladder Game the Second Grade Students' English Speaking Skill at SMAN 1 Kota Tidore
Authors: Mahmud Adi F. , Khaerullah Muhammad Saleh , HJ Wahid Jusmin
Published: January 2024

The study aims to obtain empirical data on the effectiveness of using the Snake and Ladder game in teaching English to second-grade students at SMAN 1 Kota Tidore. The study was conducted in experimental and control classes. There were 60 participants. The study was administered over three treatments. During the treatments, classes were taught English with the same content in different ways; the experimental class was taught using the Snake and Ladder game, while the control class was taught using the conventional method. The instrument used in this study was an oral test with a speaking rubric. The result stated that the post-test mean score of the experimental class was 80.43, while the post-test mean score of the control class was 70.73. The result of statistical hypothesis testing by using an independent sample t-test found that at the degree of significance of 5% (α = 0.05), the t-value was 2.247 while the t-table was 2.001, or t-value > t-table. Therefore, H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Furthermore, Cohen's formulation was used for the effect size of the Snake and Ladder, and the result was 0.24. Therefore, it is concluded that teaching English using the Snake and Ladder game is effective in teaching English.
Deviation among Ghanaian Basic School Pupils Use of English in the Classroom: A case study of Bono and Ahafo Regions
Authors: Glover-Quartey Lilian , Yamoah Kofi Kyei
Published: January 2024

The focus of this study is to discuss some deviations and innovations basic school pupils in the Bono and Ahafo regions of Ghana use in their classrooms and how these deviations are applied to their communication in the classroom. A descriptive survey design was adopted to help achieve these objectives. A qualitative approach was adopted to help explain the study better. A total population of 9,219 pupils and a sample size of 400 pupils were observed for the study. The findings of the study revealed that in the area of phonology, pupils replace the inter-dental fricative /ð/ with a voiced alveolar stop /d/. They also used the voiceless dental fricative /θ/ in place of /t/ a voiceless alveolar in their speech. Again, most pupils also use the trill /r/ in place of the /l/ sound both in writing and articulation.  Under semantics, pupils usually transliterate statements from their L1 into the target language (English) and tend to use hyperbole for emphasis. Furthermore, over-generalization of syntactic rules was found as one of the innovations pupils make in classroom communication. Spelling pronunciation was also found as part of the innovations basic school pupils use in classroom communication.
POST-SPACE SEBAGAI BENTUK PERLAWANAN IMIGRAN TERHADAP TATANAN KOLONIAL DALAM NOVEL BRICK LANE KARYA MONICA ALI
Authors: Ikbal Muhammad , Sudibyo Sudibyo
Published: January 2024

Brick Lane's is a post-colonial literary work that raises the issues of the Bangladeshi diaspora in England. The raise of diaspora writers who settled in Europe and America has colored modern world literature. The ideas of diaspora writers do not only present works with monolithic ideas, they have also presented various spatial constructions and identities about immigrants living in the Western world. This research was conducted as an effort to answer the formulation of the problem as follows: (1). What is the postcolonial spatial response in Brick Lane Monica Ali's novel? (2). How about urban space construction and postcolonial spatial strategy in the novel Brick Lane? This study uses qualitative research methods to explore how the author constructs postcolonial space and offers post-space in his work. Data was collected inductively through the depiction of characters in the novel and classified for later analysis using Spatial Politics Sara Upstone's theory. The results of this study indicate that the authors attempt to present chaos as a postcolonial spatial response. The chaos presented by the author appears when certain individuals in the novel feel discriminated against in a space with colonial-created boundaries and orders, either because of their identity or social class. The author also constructs city space by offering a strategy displacement in the form of transferring a sense of belonging to the smaller things that construct urban space, and the relationships between figures that make individuals feel comfortable with their existence.
PENGARUH LEGENDA LA HILA PUTRI MA MBORA DALAM TRADISI-TRADISI MASYARAKAT DONGGO NUSA TENGGARA BARAT
Authors: Ifan Muhammad , Andalas Eggy Fajar
Published: January 2024

Legenda La Hila Putri Ma Mbora (Seorang Putri Yang Hilang) merupakan sastra lisan yang hidup di kalangan masyarakat Bima, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Sebagai cerita yang diwariskan antargenerasi oleh nenek moyang masyarakat Bima, saat ini legenda ini bertransformasi dalam tradisi-tradisi masyarakat Donggo, Bima. Banyak tradisi dalam masyarakat Donggo Bima yang terpengaruh oleh keberadan legenda ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan tradisi-tradisi masyarakat Donggo, Bima, yang dipengaruhi oleh legenda La Hila Putri Ma Mbora. Untuk melakukan hal tersebut digunakan metode etnografi. Etnografi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah etnografi digital. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara kepada informan kunci dan studi dokumen. Teknik analisis data penelitian menggunakan model Milles dan Hubberman, yaitu reduksi data, penyajian data, interpretasi data, dan penarikan simpulan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa legenda La Hila Putra Ma Mbora telah bertransformasi ke dalam berbagai bentuk tradisi masyaraat Bima, yaitu syair kalero, pesta raju, cola nasa, adat kematian, dan tradisi berpakaian perempuan Bima. The legend of La Hila Putri Ma Mbora (A Missing Princess) is an oral literature that lives among the community of Bima, West Nusa Tenggara. As a passed down story between generations, today, this legend is transformed into the traditions of the Donggo people of Bima. Many traditions in the Donggo Bima community were influenced by the existence of this legend. This study aims to describe the traditions of the Donggo, Bima, who were influenced by the legend of La Hila Putri Ma Mbora. Ethnographic method is applied to conduct the research. Method used in this research is digital ethnography. Data collection techniques were carried out through interviews with key informants and document studies. Data analysis techniques is using the Milles and Hubberman models, namely data reduction, data presentation, data interpretation, and drawing conclusions. The results showed that the legend of La Hila Putra Ma Mbora had transformed into various forms of Bima community traditions, namely kalero poetry, raju parties, cola nasa, death customs, and Bima women's dress traditions.
MAKNA TERHADAP MITOS RELASI MANUSIA DAN TUMBUHAN DALAM MANUSKRIP LONTAR JUWARSAH: KAJIAN SEMIOTIKA ROLAND BARTHES
Authors: Nafi'ah Wirdatun , Khusyairi Johny Alfian
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui makna mitos relasi manusia dan tumbuhan dalam manuskrip Lontar Juwarsah. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori Semiotika Roland Barthes. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan model analisis semiotika Roland Barthes. Sumber data penelitian ini adalah manuskrip Lontar Juwarsah koleksi DREAMSEA yang diunduh pada tahun 2022. Hasil penelitian ini berupa pemaparan kode denotasi, kode konotasi, dan mitos relasi manusia dan tumbuhan dalam manuskrip Lontar Juwarsah. Relasi manusia dan tumbuhan dalam manuskrip Lontar Juwarsah menunjukkan bahwa tumbuhan memiliki kekuatan atau energi yang diperlukan oleh manusia.
RADIKALISASI MAKNA PEREMPUAN JAWA DALAM ”NGAMEN LIMA”: SUATU ANALISIS DEKONSTRUKSI
Authors: Rohman Saifur
Published: January 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan menunjukkan adanya radikalisasi makna perempuan Jawa dalam lirik lagu dangdut koplo “Ngamen Lima” (2012). Praktik radikalisasi ini diawali dari konstruksi lama menuju konstruksi baru yang bersifat radikal. Konstruksi lama direpresentasikan dalam novel Pengakuan Pariyem (1981) karya Linus Suryadi Ag yang diteliti oleh Bakdi Sumanto (1999). Data primer berbentuk teks yang ditranskripsi dari lirik lagu. Sumber data adalah pertunjukan musik dangdut pada 2014 di internet. Dengan metode dekonstruksi yang telah dijelaskan oleh Derrida (1999) dan Rohman (2014), hasil analisis menunjukkan telah terjadi dekonstruksi makna perempuan Jawa. Hal itu meliputi lima aspek, yakni dari sikap ingresif menjadi agresif, dari tindakan pasif menjadi aktif, dari perasaan impulsif menjadi obsesif, dan relasi yang semula hierarkis menjadi egaliter. Rekomendasi, radikalisasi perempuan ini menjadi titik ekuilibrium dari gerakan kesetaraan perempuan untuk menemukan ruang-ruang baru dalam wacana penafsiran.
A Pilot Model of Community-based Forest Management in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, Son La Province, Vietnam
Authors: Phan Thuy Thi , Nong Duong Huu
Published: January 2024

This study evaluated the implementation of a pilot model for promoting community-based conservation through a contracting program in Xuan Nha Nature Reserve, located in Son La province, northern Vietnam, from 2014 to 2022. To assess the effectiveness of the program, in-depth interviews were conducted with 26 officials and 100 individuals residing in three villages. The findings revealed that the program successfully facilitated community-based conservation by involving local communities in participatory land use planning and forest protection at the village level. The study identified four main factors that contributed to the successful implementation of the program: (1) clearly defined objectives, (2) the establishment of a stable rule system, (3) garnering support from local people, and (4) promoting associated activities. Given these positive outcomes, this model can be applied and scaled-up throughout Vietnam, particularly in areas where local communities coexist within protected areas.
Innovation, infocommunication and digital transformation in sport policing and certain aspects of sports
Authors: Ágnes Tóth Nikolett , Szabolcs Mátyás , Zoltán Bujdosó , Dénes Dávid Lóránt , József Tóth Gergő , Gábor Mátrai
Published: January 2024

Sport has become a fundamental socio-economic area. Currently, technological progress plays one of the most important roles in the development of sport. In the twenty-first century, innovation, and technology are significantly shaping the world of law enforcement and sports policing, and huge changes are taking place that need to be responded to. The development, spread and completion of info communication, information technology, digital technologies, and digitalization itself at an ever-faster pace than ever before are fundamentally changing all areas of the economy and society. Today there is no question that digitalization is the engine of the economy, which has an impact in all sectors, including sports and law enforcement. In the study, the authors examine the possibility of technical development in the field of sports safety. Among other things, drones, facial recognition systems and predictive analytics will be examined. The methodology used is mainly based on the analysis and examination of previous methods. The authors propose to adapt the innovative tools used at previous sports and mass events in the field of sports safety.