bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Podemos, ¿una salida española a la crisis?
Authors: Déniz Espinós José
Published: January 2019

En toda crisis hay perdedores y ganadores. Saber quiénes son unos y otros facilita comprender la naturaleza de la crisis. Incluso saber si es una crisis provocada, creada con la intención de reajustar el funcionamiento económico para aumentar los beneficios, habitual-mente mediante una mayor concentración de los ingresos. Las crisis no suelen ser casuales, sino que tienen causalidades. Si quienes las gestionan son los mismos que las causaron es fácil predecir quienes serán los beneficiados: los mismos. Sin embargo, esta misma dinámica crea a sus antagónicos, en muchos casos como resultado de la acumulación de procesos sociales que explotan en determinadas coyunturas como sucesos e inician un camino inédito.
Democracia y Soberanía en la propuesta de Podemos
Authors: Saavedra G. Carlos J.
Published: January 2019

Reseña al libro “Disputar la democracia. Política para tiempos de crisis”, Pablo Iglesias (2014). Ed. AKAL, España
Economía monetaria de la producción. Dinero, inestabilidad y crisis
Authors: Sosa Jesús
Published: January 2019

Anñalisis de la economía monetaria en condiciones de inestabilidad y crisis.
POVMs are equivalent to projections for perfect state exclusion of three pure states in three dimensions
Authors: Molina Abel
Published: January 2019

Performing perfect/conclusive quantum state exclusion means to be able to discard with certainty at least one out ofnpossible quantum state preparations by performing a measurement of the resulting state. This task of state exclusion has recently been studied at length in \cite{bandyopadhyay2014conclusive}, and it is at the heart of the celebrated PBR thought experiment \cite{pusey2012reality}. When all the preparations correspond to pure states and there are no more of them than their common dimension, it is an open problem whether POVMs give any additional power for this task with respect to projective measurements. This is the case even for the simple case of three states in three dimensions, which is mentioned in \cite{caves2002conditions} as unsuccessfully tackled. In this paper, we give an analytical proof that in this case considering POVMs does indeed not give any additional power with respect to projective measurements. To do so, we first make without loss of generality some assumptions about the structure of an optimal POVM. The justification of these assumptions involves arguments based on convexity, rank and symmetry properties. We show then that any pure states perfectly excluded by such a POVM meet the conditions identified in \cite{caves2002conditions} for perfect exclusion by a projective measurement of three pure states in three dimensions. We also discuss possible generalizations of our work, including an application of Quadratically Constrained Quadratic Programming that might be of special interest.
A temporalidade heterogênea da modernidade
Authors: Gabriella Rosa
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Pedro Duarte intitulado “A alegoria tropicalista do absurdo”.
Neblina como tonalidade afetiva do irrepresentável
Authors: Lage Mariana
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Pedro Hussak intitulado “A memória do que não passou: Leila Danziger e a elaboração da memória da ditadura brasileira na artes visuais”.
Hölderlin, paradigma do gênio, é um deus ou um mendigo?
Authors: Figueiredo Virginia
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Ulisses Vaccari intitulado “A poesia filosófica de Hölderlin entre o antigo e o moderno”.
Ficção como fruto da falta de fundamento: a fenomenologia especulativa de Vilém Flusser
Authors: Oliveira Rachel Cecilia de
Published: January 2019

Vilém Flusser adota, desde suas primeiras obras, a fenomenologia como método filosófico de trabalho. No entanto, o adjetivo que complementa o termo fenomenologia no título do artigo aponta para a particularidade desse método. Ele é constituído na contramão do fundamento kantiano que permanece na base da fenomenologia de Edmund Husserl, visto que ele pressupõe a ficção como produtora de fundamento para a existência humana. Neste texto, mostrarei o que o filósofo entende por fenomenologia e como ele a aplica em seu projeto de reformulação da relação cartesiana entre ser humano e mundo.
Precariedade e eloquência em Beckett
Authors: Oliveira Marcela
Published: January 2019

Esse artigo é uma réplica ao texto de Luciano Gatti intitulado “Samuel Beckett e o minimalismo”.
Las tics y el uso de evea en instituciones de educación básica en Guayaquil-Ecuador
Authors: Peláez López Rosario , Morales Roela Johnny , Lara Vásconez Cilda , Tumbaco Tutiben Mariela
Published: January 2019

El avance de la tecnología va de la mano con las formas de desarrollo de estrategias para el aprendizaje; siendo este último el más beneficiado debido a que en la actualidad se nos permite llegar al educando desde entornos muy amigables como son los EVA y los EVEA, considerando que en nuestro país se ha realizado varios estudios acerca del uso del internet en donde a través del INEC observó que a partir del 2015 el uso del internet alcanzó un total del 50,5% en dicho año a nivel nacional, permitiendo de esta manera poder analizar e investigar la aplicabilidad en el uso de los EVEA en las instituciones educativas. El Objetivo es mediante los EVEA brindar ayuda a todos los estudiantes en su educación utilizando Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje, así como analizar el desenvolvimiento de los profesores utilizando los EVA y las TIC´s en instituciones educativas asi como también determinar el grado de complejidad que tienen los profesores que son de edades superiores a los 40 años. Materiales y Métodos para llevar a cabo este estudio se realizo una investigación cualitativa, en donde se realizaron encuestas, entrevistas y un estudio de campo para evidenciar el actuar y el desenvolviemiento de los docentes. Resultados que se observaron luego de la debida tabulación es que el avance tecnológico es un poco complejo basicamente en su manejo por parte de los profesores que no nacieron en la era de la informática es decir aquellos que superan los 40 años de edad por lo cual se llega a la Conclusión que para mejorar el uso de los EVEA se realicen capacitaciones constantes en el manejo de las TIC´s y no solamente en el uso de Programas como Presentadores Electrónicos.
Desafíos de la protección jurídica y la gestión del patrimonio cultural ecuatoriano
Authors: Pérez Peña Oscar Alberto
Published: January 2019

El presente trabajo pretende valorar los principales desafíos de la protección jurídica y de la gestión del patrimonio cultural ecuatoriano, teniendo en cuenta referentes teóricos internacionales y nacionales para comprender su estado actual. Objetivo Se analiza la legislación cultural de la materia, en particular la Ley Orgánica de Cultura del año 2016 y su actual Reglamento de 2017. Se valoran aspectos relacionados a la protección del patrimonio cultural inmaterial y su relación con el sistema de protección de derechos colectivos de propiedad intelectual de las comunidades y pueblos ecuatorianos. Materiales y métodos la metodología empleada tiene en cuenta, desde el enfoque de la transdisciplinariedad y los métodos lógicos, elementos históricossociológicos, culturales y jurídicos, lo que supone la combinación de métodos de las ciencias sociales en general, y de las ciencias jurídicas en particular. Como resultados se demuestra que existen desafíos en la protección jurídica y en la gestión del patrimonio cultural nacional, tales como: la integración de sujetos responsables con estos bienes, a través de la transferencia de competencias, en procesos de preservación, especialmente en el contexto comunitario; insuficientes mecanismos de gestión en las medidas de protección de los centros históricos, así como en las estrategias de trabajo entre el Ministerio de Cultura y Patrimonio y el ente administrativo que atiende derechos colectivos de propiedad intelectual sobre conocimientos tradicionales de las diferentes comunidades y grupos sociales. En conclusión, si bien la protección jurídica y la gestión del patrimonio cultural se evidencian en las políticas públicas y legislación cultural adoptada, no son pocos los desafíos que presenta este país en esta área.
Uso de optimización de mallas variables para el “viajante de comercio”
Authors: Oviedo Byron , Zambrano-Vega Cristian , Puris Amilkar
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo se presenta una propuesta para aplicar la meta-heurística Optimización Basada en Mallas Variables (VMO) al problema discreto del Viajero Vendedor (TSP); este modelo explora el espacio de búsqueda a Objetivo partir de una población de soluciones llamada malla que se expande y contrae con la finalidad de encontrar soluciones de buena calidad. En este contexto se modifica el operador de expansión de manera tal que sea aplicable en un dominio discreto, realizando combinaciones entre las soluciones a fin de obtener nuevos nodos. Otro de los elementos que se modifica es el operador de clearing, el cual se encarga de mantener la diversidad de la malla en cada interacción. Metodología. Se resume en este trabajo un estudio de parámetros del modelo VMO utilizando un conjunto de instancias de TSP con diferentes características; además, se puede observar que la propuesta de este trabajo obtiene Resultados competitivos al compararlos con otros algoritmos de referencia internacional mencionado en el estado del arte. El trabajo está estructurado de la siguiente manera: En el apartado 1 se describe los aspectos fundamentales de problema de estudio TSP. Seguidamente en el segundo se explica el funcionamiento general de VMO, en el tercero se define cada uno de los operadores de expansión y contracción para el problema de estudio. Posteriormente en el apartado cuarto se realiza un estudio de parámetros de la propuesta y un análisis comparativo experimental con los resultados obtenidos con otros algoritmos mencionado en el estado del arte. Conclusiones Se aplicaron otros operadores de generación de nuevos nodos en el proceso de expansión, donde se realiza una combinación de soluciones de manera que cumpla con las restricciones impuestas por el problema.
Creencias y competencias lingüísticas en estudiantes universitarios latinoamericanos ¿son complementarias o se contraponen?
Authors: Molina Gutiérrez Teresa De Jesús , Consolación Quintero Gisela , Lizcano Chapeta Carlos Javier , Burbano García Lenin Horacio
Published: January 2019

Verificar continuamente la problemática acerca de las escasas competencias lectoras y escritoras en estudiantes de los diversos niveles educativos, incluyendo el universitario, así como evidenciar que la formación de los estudiantes en esas habilidades ha sido escasa en algunos sistemas educativos de Latinoamérica, son razones valederas para continuar las investigaciones al respecto. Objetivo. Describir las creencias (representaciones sociales) construidas sobre el dominio de la lengua en estudiantes universitarios de Venezuela, Ecuador, Perú y Cuba. Materiales y métodos. Se empleó el método del Análisis del Discurso, la muestra se integró por 289 estudiantes pertenecientes a ocho universidades, como instrumento de recolección de datos se usó una prueba diagnóstica y los datos se analizaron mediante la estadística descriptiva complementada con el análisis de contenido. Resultados. Los principales hallazgos revelan para la categoría dominio de la lengua española la valoración alto y medio; en consecuencia, las representaciones sociales halladas indican que los estudiantes tienen la creencia de que cuentan con estrategias que los hace competentes en el dominio de la lengua. Mientras que para las categorías comprensión lectora, niveles sintáctico, semántico y pragmático hay una predominancia de los rasgos regular y mal, lo que muestra un manejo deficiente de competencias lingüísticas básicas. Conclusión. Existe una clara contradicción entre creencias de los estudiantes y las competencias que tienen.
Estrategias de contabilidad de gestión aplicada a pymes revisión literaria
Authors: Mite Albán María Teresa
Published: January 2019

La contabilidad evolucionó de la técnica a la aplicación del control de gestión optimizando los procesos empresariales. Las pymes son un segmento de las empresas que aplicando herramientas de gestión mejoran significativamente control de costos y el desempeño organizacional. Objetivo: Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo destacar las estrategias de contabilidad de gestión aplicada por las Pymes y cómo aportaron a la sostenibilidad de las empresas en el mercado, a través de una revisión documental. Materiales y métodos: Se aplicó un enfoque cualitativo de la investigación, con la aplicación de métodos teóricos, como análisis-síntesis e histórico lógico, y técnicas empíricas como la revisión documental. Se utilizaron las tres etapas del instrumento ProKnow-C. para la revisión de 13 artículos publicados durante el período 1969-2018, en revistas de economía y empresa obtenidos a partir de la base de datos web of Science y Scopus utilizando las palabras clave Managment accounting in Smes, stategic magnament accounting, managment accounting and small entrerprise. Resultados: 4827 artículos relacionados en el campo de las ciencias sociales, seleccionando 13 relacionados a investigación de control de gestión y estrategias aplicadas en el segmento de pymes. Conclusiones: El contenido resultante señaló implementación de ERP, aplicación de cuadro de mando integral y balance scorecard conllevan a la planeación y control de las organizaciones.
Medición de innovación tecnológica como eje central del crecimiento empresarial familiar del sector carrocero de la Provincia de Tungurahua
Authors: Bonilla Jurado Diego , Oña Sinchiguano Brenda , López Núñez Henry
Published: January 2019

El sector carrocero ecuatoriano se encuentra inmerso en importantes cambios en los últimos años (elevada competencia, nuevos productos, menores costos) con la necesidad de generar satisfacción en los clientes más exigentes, que requieren de incremento de innovaciones tecnológicas. Objetivo. El objetivo de la investigación fue comprobar la relación entre el crecimiento empresarial y la innovación tecnológica de las empresas del sector carrocero de la provincia de Tungurahua – Ecuador. Materiales y métodos. La investigación se apoyó en un enfoque cuantitativo, partió desde el estudio de un conjunto de PYMES en la provincia de Tungurahua – Ecuador, con la ayuda de la teoría del Punto de Equilibrio, además de utilizar el estadígrafo de variación, Se hizo necesario plantear una metodología por medio de la cual fuera posible recolectar esta información por este motivo, la investigación es de Modalidad bibliográfica y de campo, puesto que esta no se encuentra disponible en las fuentes ya existentes. Resultados. Se comprueba la hipótesis: “La innovación tecnológica si tiene incidencia sobre el crecimiento empresarial del sector carrocero de la provincia de Tungurahua”. La introducción de innovaciones tecnológicas en el sector redujo costos y provocaron ganancias que bien el sector carrocero puede capitalizar para planear su crecimiento en el corto, mediano y largo plazo. Conclusión. En relación a la cuantificación de beneficios económicos obtenidos, se logró determinar que las empresas durante casi dos años consignaron recursos para maquinaria con nuevas mejoras tecnológicas. Las estrategias que cada empresa implementó fueron diferentes, todas estas vinculadas a la visión que se encuentra encaminadas en la innovación y su mejora en el crecimiento empresarial.
Incidencia del empleo de polímeros como modificadores del asfalto
Authors: Vila Romaní Rolando , Jaramillo Briceño José Gabriel
Published: January 2019

El empleo de asfaltos modificados con polímeros en la construcción de obras viales es una práctica frecuente a nivel internacional pero limitada aún en Ecuador. Sin embargo, ante la poca durabilidad de nuestros pavimentos asfálticos, mayormente causada por agrietamientos prematuros de fatiga o bloques, el potencial de estos productos debe ser considerado. Objetivo. Evaluar el comportamiento del asfalto procedente de la Refinería de Esmeraldas al mezclarse con tres tipos de polímeros, mediante las pruebas exigidas para la clasificación por viscosidad y por grados de desempeño Superpave, incluyendo un análisis reológico empleando diagramas de Black. Materiales y métodos. Los polímeros empleados fueron: SBS, Elvaloy y caucho de llantas, dosificados para cumplir ciertas exigencias de calidad determinadas por métodos experimentales, según las normativas ASTM. Resultados. Como principales resultados se obtuvo que al modificar el asfalto PG 64-28 con los distintos polímeros todos incrementaron el grado alto de temperatura a 76, manteniéndose el grado bajo en los modificados con Elvaloy y caucho en -28, mientras que para el SBS aumentó a -22. En relación a las temperaturas intermedias, la temperatura crítica a la fatiga no tuvo mayor variación al emplear los diferentes modificadores. Esta situación fue corroborada con los diagramas de Black. Conclusiones. Tratar de solucionar el mal comportamiento del asfalto ecuatoriano ante el agrietamiento mediante su mezcla con los polímeros estudiados no sería la solución más efectiva, aunque es notoria la mejora del comportamiento ante las deformaciones plásticas.
Variación espacial de la diversidad del macrobentos en la Reserva Marina El Pelado
Authors: Cárdenas-Calle Maritza , Triviño Miguel , Rubira Katiuska , Troccoli Luis
Published: January 2019

La Reserva Marina El Pelado es una importante área protegida de la costa ecuatoriana debido a la conectividad que tiene con otras áreas marinas protegidas. Objetivo: Identificar patrones de variación espacial en la estructura comunitaria del macrobentos de fondos someros. Materiales y Métodos: Se muestrearon diez sitios en la zona cercana a la costa y al Islote El Pelado. La abundancia de macroinvertebrados y organismos sésiles se estimó visualmente mediante buceo a lo largo de dos transectos en banda paralelos a la costa. Cada transecto fue de 50 m de longitud y 5 m de ancho, con una superficie total de 500 m2 por localidad. Se registró salinidad, pH, cloro residual, oxígeno, material flotante, coliformes fecales, mercurio, aceites y grasas en la superficie del mar. Resultados: Se identificaron 92 especies (86 especies de invertebrados y 6 especies de macroalgas); el grupo mejor representado fue el de los cnidarios con 31 especies de 13 familias, seguido de los moluscos con 15 especies de 11 familias. Las especies con mayores abundancias media fueron de macroinvertebrados Echinometra vanbrunti (21.54%), de organismos sésiles Bugula californica (34.2%). Conclusiones: No se encontraron diferencias significativas en la diversidad, riqueza y equidad de especies del macrobentos entre las zonas de estudio.
Physical properties of sintered alumina doped with different oxides
Authors: Filipovic Suzana , Obradovic Nina , Markovic Smilja , Djordjevic Antonije , Balac Igor , Dapcevic Aleksandra , Rogan Jelena , Pavlovic Vladimir
Published: January 2019

Corundum (?-alumina) is a suiTab. material for usage in various industry
fields owing to its chemical stability, electrical and mechanical features.
It is known that properties of ceramics could be modified by addition of
different oxides, as well as by changing the consolidation parameters. In
this respect, alumina was doped with 1 wt.% of Cr2O3, Mn2O3 and NiO,
followed by 1 hour of mechanical activation in a high-energy planetary ball
mill. A sensitive dilatometer was used for sintering of powder mixtures up
to 1400 oC and recording the obtained dilatation. The final density varied
between cca. 1.9 and 3.3 g/cm3. Microstructural changes were detected by SEM
measurements. Changes in electrical permittivity and loss tangent were
associated with the preparation conditions (types of additives, duration of
mechanical activation). For a given mixture, the sintering increases the
relative permittivity and decreases losses, exhibiting the optimal values of
8.32 and 0.027, respectively, for the sample activated 60 minutes and
sintered, with the addition of MnO2. Mechanical measurements indicate
significant differences in strength with the addition of different
transition metal oxides. Samples with Mn and Ni, activated and sintered,
with strength of 121 and 86 MPa, respectively, have a significantly higher
tensile strength than the other tested samples, due to their more compact
microstructures.
Neurovascular Response to Pressure in Patients With Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Vouillarmet Julien , Josset-Lamaugarny Audrey , Michon Paul , Saumet Jean Louis , Koitka-Weber Audrey , Henni Samir , Fromy Berengere , Sigaudo-Roussel Dominique
Published: January 2019

Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a problem worldwide, and prevention is crucial. We hypothesized that the inability of the skin to respond to pressure is involved in DFU pathogenesis and could be an important predictive factor to take into account. We included 29 patients with DFU and 30 patients with type 2 diabetes without DFU. Neuropathy and skin blood flow at rest were assessed in response to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, local heating (42°C), and to nonnoxious locally applied pressure. Results were compared with those obtained from 10 healthy age-matched control subjects. Vasodilatation in response to pressure was significantly impaired in both groups with diabetes compared with healthy subjects. The vasodilator capacity to pressure was significantly lower in patients with DFU compared with those without DFU, despite the absence of significant difference in cutaneous pressure perception threshold and vascular reactivity to acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and heat. This pronounced alteration of neurovascular response to pressure in patients with DFU is a good marker of skin vulnerability and could be used to better predict individuals at risk.
Opposing Effects of Neuropilin-1 and -2 on Sensory Nerve Regeneration in Wounded Corneas: Role of Sema3C in Ameliorating Diabetic Neurotrophic Keratopathy
Authors: Lee Patrick Shean-Young , Gao Nan , Dike Mamata , Shkilnyy Olga , Me Rao , Zhang Yangyang , Yu Fu-Shin X.
Published: January 2019

The diabetic cornea exhibits pathological alterations, such as delayed epithelial wound healing and nerve regeneration. We investigated the role of semaphorin (SEMA) 3C in corneal wound healing and reinnervation in normal and diabetic B6 mice. Wounding induced the expression of SEMA3A, SEMA3C, and their receptor neuropilin-2 (NRP2), but not NRP1, in normal corneal epithelial cells; this upregulation was suppressed for SEMA3C and NRP2 in diabetic corneas. Injections of Sema3C-specific small interfering RNA and NRP2-neutralizing antibodies in wounded mice resulted in a decrease in the rate of wound healing and regenerating nerve fibers, whereas exogenous SEMA3C had opposing effects in diabetic corneas. NRP1 neutralization, on the other hand, decreased epithelial wound closure but increased sensory nerve regeneration in diabetic corneas, suggesting a detrimental role in nerve regeneration. Taken together, epithelium-expressed SEMA3C plays a role in corneal epithelial wound closure and sensory nerve regeneration. The hyperglycemia-suppressed SEMA3C/NRP2 signaling may contribute to the pathogenesis of diabetic neurotrophic keratopathy, and SEMA3C might be used as an adjunctive therapeutic for treating the disease.
PENGARUH IOS PADA NILAI PERUSAHAAN DENGAN KUALITAS LABA SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI
Authors: Nopiyani Putu Eka , Sanjaya Ni Made Wulan Sari , Rianita Ni Made
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan bukti empiris mengenai pengaruh investment opportunity set pada nilai perusahaan dengan kualitas laba sebagai variabel moderasi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menentukan sampel pada penelitian ini adalah teknik purposive sampling, sehingga diperoleh 38 perusahaan manufaktur sebagai sampel. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) dengan bantuan aplikasi SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa investment opportunity set tidak berpengaruh pada nilai perusahaan. Kualitas laba mampu memperkuat pengaruh investment opportunity set pada nilai perusahaan. Kata kunci: investment opportunity set; kualitas laba; nilai perusahaan ABSTRACTThis research is conducted to obtain empirical evidence about the effect of investment opportunity set on firm value with earnings quality as moderation variable. The method used to determine the sample in this study is purposive sampling technique, so that obtained 38 manufacturing companies as a sample. Data analysis technique used in this research is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of SPSS 21 application. The results of this study indicate that investment opportunity set has no effect on firm value. The earnings of quality are able to strengthen the influence of investment opportunity sets on the value of the firm. Keywords: Investment Opportunity Set; Earnings Quality; Firm Value
KAJIAN PERILAKU MENYIMPANG DI TEMPAT KERJA PADA PEGAWAI PERANGKAT DAERAH PROVINSI MALUKU
Authors: Lewaherilla Novalien C.
Published: January 2019

ABSTRAKTujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh Iklim Etis terhadap perilaku menyimpang, pengaruh iklim etis terhadap spiritualitas di tempat kerja, pengaruh spiritualitas di tempat kerja terhadap perilaku menyimpang, pengaruh iklim etis terhadap perilaku menyimpang dengan dimediasi oleh spiritualitas di tempat kerja, pengaruh iklim etis terhadap komitmen organisasional, pengaruh komitmen organisasional terhadap perilaku menyimpang, pengaruh iklim etis terhadap perilaku menyimpang dengan dimediasi komitmen organisasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan metode analisis SEM PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa iklim etis dan komitmen organisasional berpengaruh terhadap perilaku menyimpang. Spiritualitas di tempat kerja tidak berpengaruh terhadap perilaku menyimpang. Kata kunci: Iklim etis, spiritualitas di tempat kerja, komitmen organisasional, perilaku menyimpang ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to examine and analyze the influence of Ethical Climate on deviant behavior, the influence of ethical climate on spirituality in the workplace, the influence of spirituality in the workplace on deviant behavior, the influence of ethical climate on deviant behavior mediated by spirituality in the workplace, the influence of ethical climate towards organizational commitment, the influence of organizational commitment on deviant behavior, the influence of the ethical climate on deviant behavior and mediated organizational commitment. This study uses a quantitative approach with PLS SEM analysis method. The results showed that the ethical climate and organizational commitment influence deviant behavior. Spirituality at work does not affect deviant behavior. Keywords: Ethical climate, workplace spirituality, organizational commitment, deviant behavior
Southern Politics
Authors: Bateman David A. , Katznelson Ira , Lapinski John S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. This book aims to advance an analysis of the role and influence of southern members of Congress from Reconstruction to the New Deal. This approach underscores the persistent possibilities of division among southern Democrats as they struggled to find cohesion in circumstances of very considerable sectional diversity. Southern achievements, which were considerable, were secured unevenly and haltingly. Rather than assume that the cohesion of southern representatives always came easily and was persistently high, or that southern members were always wily and masterful in deploying influence in Congress, the book shows how southern security and capacity were produced over time under conditions of anxiety and uncertainty. In so doing, it also offers elements, we believe, that are vital pathways to contemporary circumstances.
Southern Lawmaking
Authors: Bateman David A. , Katznelson Ira , Lapinski John S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter conceptualizes the potential for southern influence. It begins by detailing standard accounts of congressional lawmaking and influence, and then turns to a discussion of southern exceptionalism. It outlines a theory of southern representation that focuses on how lawmakers from a heterogeneous region balanced their diverse constituent and individual demands with the distinctive imperatives and constraints unique to the South. The chapter suggests that standard accounts of congressional lawmaking need to be modified to accommodate the distinctive identity and goals of southern lawmakers across different historical and institutional contexts. It concludes by outlining a research strategy, inspired by the analytical approaches of V. O. Key and Richard Hofstadter, which allows the evaluation of theoretical expectations, identifies the mechanisms by which southerners were able to influence the national political agenda, and assesses the importance of their influence for American political development.
Uncertain Combinations
Authors: Bateman David A. , Katznelson Ira , Lapinski John S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter visits the internal tensions within the various southern Democratic parties, which successfully united competing factions around the cause of white supremacy but whose unity was always tense and insecure. It begins by detailing the process of “redemption,” in which the Democratic Party across the South wrested control of state legislatures and national representation from biracial coalitions organized primarily within the Republican Party. It then examines the structure of political conflict in Congress, the site where southern diversity was transformed into regional solidarity, to show that the familiar story of the Black Belt as the core of southern solidarity must be revised. Turning to the substantive bases for southern unity and diversity, the chapter identifies the issue areas that implicated distinctively southern priorities and arrayed the region's members in diverse coalitions with northern Democrats and Republicans. From this set, it selects for detailed examination legislation that reflected competing intraregional priorities.
Racial Rule
Authors: Bateman David A. , Katznelson Ira , Lapinski John S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter turns to home rule, in particular southern evaluations of prospects for a new national labor policy and attention to voting rights protections. Southern success in defeating a renewed consideration of the franchise established the terms of the broad national accommodation that came to characterize American policy and politics for the first half of the twentieth century. The South would be left alone to determine the contours of black citizenship, while the economic program of the Republican Party would be placed on a stable political foundation. When the United States declared war on Spain in April 1898, the region's representatives provided fifteen of the nineteen votes cast against the initial war resolution in the House. Yet despite the region's anti-imperialist sentiment, the war with Spain became an occasion to affirm the South's definitive return to the Union.
Limited Progressivism
Authors: Bateman David A. , Katznelson Ira , Lapinski John S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter identifies the issues and policy debates that underlay distinctive southern preferences and choices as national progressivism increasingly came to be shaped by the region's representatives. It underscores the transformations to southern politics in the first three decades of the century as southern legislators increasingly drove an economic program, much of it progressive, that ultimately would define the era's legislative accomplishments. The economic agenda of southern agrarians and populists had buffeted the region since the Civil War, but was now both tamed and channeled into the mainstream of southern political life, enabled by the successful suppression of black electoral politics and the rise of systematic racial segregation grounded in law.
At the Edge of Democracy
Authors: Bateman David A. , Katznelson Ira , Lapinski John S.
Published: January 2019

This chapter summarizes key discussions and presents some final thoughts. This book's goal has been to understand what happened during the six decades when the South originated, developed, and protected its new system of racial hierarchy, including: how the white South reentered the world of national lawmaking during this period, how this return affected lawmaking, and how the South's role in Congress reshaped the region and the nation on terms that violated Hayes's expectations. To that end, it has systematically assessed southern preferences and behavior in congressional debate, negotiation, and decision. In the five and a half decades following Reconstruction, the United States became a southern nation by reinforcing federalism and decentralization, especially in matters of education. The wide array of progressive, sometimes populist-inspired legislation enacted in the early twentieth century was also shaped and enacted by southern influence.
The Age of Questions
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

In the early nineteenth century, a new age began: the age of questions. In the Eastern and Belgian questions, as much as in the slavery, worker, social, woman, and Jewish questions, contemporaries saw not interrogatives to be answered but problems to be solved. Alexis de Tocqueville, Victor Hugo, Karl Marx, Frederick Douglass, Fyodor Dostoevsky, Rosa Luxemburg, and Adolf Hitler were among the many who put their pens to the task. This book asks how the question form arose, what trajectory it followed, and why it provoked such feverish excitement for over a century. Was there a family resemblance between questions? Have they disappeared, or are they on the rise again in our time? This book presents seven distinct arguments and frameworks for understanding the age. It considers whether it was marked by a progressive quest for emancipation (of women, slaves, Jews, laborers, and others); a steady, inexorable march toward genocide and the “Final Solution”; or a movement toward federation and the dissolution of boundaries. Or was it simply a farce, a false frenzy dreamed up by publicists eager to sell subscriptions? As the arguments clash, patterns emerge and sharpen until the age reveals its full and peculiar nature. Turning convention on its head with meticulous and astonishingly broad scholarship, the book illuminates how patterns of thinking move history.
Introduction
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This book is about what it calls the “age of questions,” which began in the 1820s and 1830s as a result of three major developments: the expansion and politicization of press distribution; the enlargement of the voting franchise (in Britain); and a tight series of international events, including the Greek uprising in the Ottoman Empire (1821–1832) and the Belgian Revolution (1830–1839). The book examines how querists used a variety of questions to span contradictions, arguing that a question/problem arose out of a gap between a universal ideal and a particular reality. Seven distinct arguments regarding the essence of the age of questions are discussed: the national argument, the progressive argument, the argument about force, the federative argument, the argument about farce, the temporal argument, and the suspension-bridge argument. The book draws on certain pieces of evidence to support the divergent claims advanced by querists.
The Progressive Argument
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the progressive argument, which views emancipation as the watchword of a fundamentally reformist and sometimes revolutionary age. It first considers how the emancipatory impulse of the age of questions bundled the causes of the Polish question, and how the Polish question intersected with the Belgian question, before discussing the arguments advanced by conservatives against the age of questions. It then explores the essence of questions such as the Polish, Armenian, woman, Jewish, worker, agrarian, Greek, and slavery questions, as well as the social, Eastern, nationalities, and European questions. It also analyzes the perceived contradiction between the ideals of freedom and equality at the root of the social question, and proposed solutions to the social question, such as educating the public through popular pedagogy. Finally, it looks at the genre of the deed and querists' achievements during the age of emancipation.
The Federative Argument
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the federative argument, according to which the erasure of boundaries was the shared ideal of the age of questions. It first considers the Jewish question as an international problem requiring a universal solution before discussing how the social and European questions followed a trajectory from indefinite to definite, as did the solutions to those and other questions. It then explains how the notion of a European question was preceded by a rhetorical bundling of emergent questions, and goes on to analyze the concern expressed by many nineteenth-century querists that unresolved questions threatened the precarious unity of “Europe” itself, along with their argument that there should be a unified European response, the creation of a true and unified European field of action. The chapter also explores the idea of federation as a solution that provides equilibrium between geopolitical and social questions, and between East and West.
The Suspension-Bridge Argument
Authors: Case Holly
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the suspension-bridge argument and how querists wanted to span contradictions between reality and an ideal, between timeliness and timelessness, between the universal and the particular. It begins with a discussion of the paradoxes of the age of questions, including the paradox of the international public sphere; the incoherence of the age of questions is what gives it coherence; and the urgency and momentum toward a definitive solution propounded by querists was fully compatible with their belief that a solution was elusive or simply impossible. Another paradox is that the age of questions gave rise simultaneously to both the belief that a universal war would be the result of a failure to solve them and the belief that only a universal war could solve them. The chapter concludes with the idea that the objective of the age of questions was to overcome contradictions.
Introduction
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Qasim
Published: January 2019

This introductory chapter provides an overview of the book's main themes. There is a significant body of literature on different facets of Islam in colonial South Asia and in Pakistan. What is lacking is a work that brings them together within the confines of a single study. This book deals with the history of, and the contestations on, Islam in colonial India and Pakistan. It addresses questions such as, how have various facets of Islam interacted with one another and with a state created in the name of Islam? How are the different Islamic orientations to be distinguished from one another? What sort of constraints have the differences among them placed on the ability of their adherents to join hands at particular moments in history?
The ` Ulama and the State
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Qasim
Published: January 2019

Focusing on the `ulama, this chapter seeks to bring out some of the ambiguities of the relationship in Pakistan between them and the modernists. The traditionalist `ulama have had some very particular ideas about an Islamic state, ideas at considerable variance with those of the modernist governing elite. Yet, even as the `ulama have bitterly resisted modernist legislation on matters seen as encroaching upon their understandings of Islam, they have often been willing to accommodate themselves to constitutional and political developments in the country as spearheaded by the modernists, and they have continued to benefit from the patronage extended to them by successive governments. The chapter also sheds some light on how the `ulama associated with particular doctrinal orientations have fared in relation to one another and how one of these, represented by the Deobandis, has overtaken others in the religio-political sphere.
Epilogue
Authors: Zaman Muhammad Qasim
Published: January 2019

This epilogue addresses the following questions: how significantly has Islam in Pakistan changed over the course of the country's history? More broadly, how different does the religious landscape look in the early twenty-first century in relation to how it had appeared a hundred or so years earlier? It begins with a discussion of what has not changed very much. It argues that despite modernist stereotypes, the `ulama are not necessarily averse to accommodating themselves and their norms to changing needs. Furthermore, Islamic modernism is not necessarily a thing only of the past. The Pakistani governing elite retain their modernist impulses. And modernism lives on, among other things, in the impact it has had on rival trends over the course of the past hundred years.
Introduction
Authors: Robertson Michael
Published: January 2019

This book examines the distinctive strain of transatlantic utopianism found within the work of four writers—a group that it calls the “last utopians”—of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries: Edward Bellamy, William Morris, Edward Carpenter, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman. Focusing on the legacy of Bellamy, Morris, Carpenter, Gilman, and their contemporary heirs, the book shows how utopian literature and social thought flourished in the United States and Great Britain from the mid-1880s until 1915. It also considers the distinctive elements that unite the utopianism of Bellamy, Morris, Carpenter, and Gilman, suggesting that their utopian visions are currently manifested in lived utopianism. Finally, the book explores contemporary everyday utopias that embrace the last utopians' central values—institutions, sites, and practices that are committed to political, sexual, and spiritual egalitarianism; that promote simplicity and sustainability; and that explore new forms of family and community.
Locating Nowhere
Authors: Robertson Michael
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines the proliferation of utopian literature in the United States and Great Britain during the late nineteenth century, mainly due to the economic and social upheavals resulting from industrial capitalism. In particular, it shows how writers such as Edward Bellamy and Thomas More came up with their visions of peaceful and egalitarian future worlds in response to the turbulence of their era. The chapter first provides an overview of the Great Depression experienced by both the United States and Great Britain between 1873 and 1896, a period characterized by extreme poverty and unemployment, before discussing the history of More's Utopia (1516). It then considers how utopian socialists in Europe and the United States, including Henri de Saint-Simon, Robert Owen, and Charles Fourier, devised schemes for the total reconstruction of society. It also analyzes Henry George's utopian vision, which he articulated in his 1879 book Progress and Poverty.
Edward Bellamy’s Orderly Utopia
Authors: Robertson Michael
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Edward Bellamy's utopian vision by offering a reading of his 1888 novel Looking Backward 2000–1887. Published in 1888, Looking Backward exerted a significant influence on political movements that were embraced by millions, particularly Nationalism, and fueled a vogue for utopian literature that persisted for a quarter-century after its appearance. The novel was hailed as the Uncle Tom's Cabin of the industrial era for inspiring a massive reaction against industrial capitalism. The chapter discusses Bellamy's background as well as his views on issues such as individualism, politics, religion, socialism, Nationalism, economic equality, and the concept of universal soul (dual life). It also considers Bellamy's career after Looking Backward as well as the sequel to the book titled Equality (1897), in which he radically advanced the cause of gender equality but took a step back on race.
Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s Motherly Utopia
Authors: Robertson Michael
Published: January 2019

This chapter examines Charlotte Perkins Gilman's concept of what she called the “World's Mother”—the selfless, nurturing woman-spirit who loves, protects, and teaches the entire human race. Gilman was known for her involvement in Nationalism, the political movement inspired by Edward Bellamy's Looking Backward. But whereas Carpenter imagined that homogenic lovers could serve as the utopian vanguard, Gilman believed that emancipated women would play that role. According to Gilman, women's independence was a precondition of socialism and argued that once women were liberated from compulsory domesticity, they would be free to bring their unique perspective as mothers into the social sphere. During the early years of the twentieth century, Gilman wrote a series of utopian fictions, including Herland (1915). This chapter first provides a background on Gilman before discussing her utopianism, her gynaecocentric theory, her concept of the kitchenless home, and her views on motherhood, race, religion, and socialism.
After the Last Utopians
Authors: Robertson Michael
Published: January 2019

This chapter explores contemporary everyday utopias that embrace the central values associated with Edward Bellamy, William Morris, Edward Carpenter, and Charlotte Perkins Gilman—institutions, sites, and practices that are committed to political, sexual, and spiritual egalitarianism; that promote simplicity and sustainability; and that explore new forms of family and community. Here the author describes his visits to the isle of Erraid in the Scottish Hebrides, Findhorn in northern Scotland, Twin Oaks in rural Virginia, and Occupy Wall Street. He also discusses the turn against utopia and the triumph of the literary dystopia in the twentieth century; how literature, social theory, and communities—the three distinct faces of utopianism—thrived from the late 1950s through the 1970s; utopian literature in the twenty-first century; Carpenter's influence on gay men's retreats and on the Radical Faeries; and the role of education in utopian vision.
A Theory of Global Biodiversity (MPB-60)
Authors: Worm Boris , Tittensor Derek P.
Published: January 2019

The number of species found at a given point on the planet varies by orders of magnitude, yet large-scale gradients in biodiversity appear to follow some very general patterns. Little mechanistic theory has been formulated to explain the emergence of observed gradients of biodiversity both on land and in the oceans. Based on a comprehensive empirical synthesis of global patterns of species diversity and their drivers, this book develops and applies a new theory that can predict such patterns from few underlying processes. The book shows that global patterns of biodiversity fall into four consistent categories, according to where species live: on land or in coastal, pelagic, and deep ocean habitats. The fact that most species groups, from bacteria to whales, appear to follow similar biogeographic patterns of richness within these habitats points toward some underlying structuring principles. Based on empirical analyses of environmental correlates across these habitats, the book combines aspects of neutral, metabolic, and niche theory into one unifying framework. Applying it to model terrestrial and marine realms, the book demonstrates that a relatively simple theory that incorporates temperature and community size as driving variables is able to explain divergent patterns of species richness at a global scale. Integrating ecological and evolutionary perspectives, the book yields surprising insights into the fundamental mechanisms that shape the distribution of life on our planet.