bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
GLAGC: Adaptive Dual-Gamma Function for Image Illumination Perception and Correction in the Wavelet Domain
Authors: Yu Wenyong , Yao Haiming , Li Dan , Li Gangyan , Shi Hui
Published: January 2021

Low-contrast or uneven illumination in real-world images will cause a loss of details and increase the difficulty of pattern recognition. An automatic image illumination perception and adaptive correction algorithm, termed as GLAGC, is proposed in this paper. Based on Retinex theory, the illumination of an image is extracted through the discrete wavelet transform. Two features that characterize the image illuminance are creatively designed. The first feature is the spatial luminance distribution feature, which is applied to the adaptive gamma correction of local uneven lighting. The other feature is the global statistical luminance feature. Through a training set containing images with various illuminance conditions, the relationship between the image exposure level and the feature is estimated under the maximum entropy criterion. It is used to perform adaptive gamma correction on global low illumination. Moreover, smoothness preservation is performed in the high-frequency subband to preserve edge smoothness. To eliminate low-illumination noise after wavelet reconstruction, the adaptive stabilization factor is derived. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. By comparison, the proposed method yields comparable or better results than the state-of-art methods in terms of efficiency and quality.
Recognition of Abnormal Chest Compression Depth Using One-Dimensional Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Zhao Liang , Bao Yu , Zhang Yu , Ye Ruidong , Zhang Aijuan
Published: January 2021

When the displacement of an object is evaluated using sensor data, its movement back to the starting point can be used to correct the measurement error of the sensor. In medicine, the movements of chest compressions also involve a reciprocating movement back to the starting point. The traditional method of evaluating the effects of chest compression depth (CCD) is to use an acceleration sensor or gyroscope to obtain chest compression movement data; from these data, the displacement value can be calculated and the CCD effect evaluated. However, this evaluation procedure suffers from sensor errors and environmental interference, limiting its applicability. Our objective is to reduce the auxiliary computing devices employed for CCD effectiveness evaluation and improve the accuracy of the evaluation results. To this end, we propose a one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) classification method. First, we use the chest compression evaluation criterion to classify the pre-collected sensor signal data, from which the proposed 1D-CNN model learns classification features. After training, the model is used to classify and evaluate sensor signal data instead of distance measurements; this effectively avoids the influence of pressure occlusion and electromagnetic waves. We collect and label 937 valid CCD results from an emergency care simulator. In addition, the proposed 1D-CNN structure is experimentally evaluated and compared against other CNN models and support vector machines. The results show that after sufficient training, the proposed 1D-CNN model can recognize the CCD results with an accuracy rate of more than 95%. The execution time suggests that the model balances accuracy and hardware requirements and can be embedded in portable devices.
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Sci in 2020
Authors:   Sci Editorial Office
Published: January 2021

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Sci maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
Acknowledgment to Reviewers of Sustainability in 2020
Authors:   Sustainability Editorial Office
Published: January 2021

Peer review is the driving force of journal development, and reviewers are gatekeepers who ensure that Sustainability maintains its standards for the high quality of its published papers [...]
Sustainability through Non-Agricultural Business Development in Resident Cooperative Planning: A Case of Korea’s Rural Area
Authors: Baek Seon Gyeong , Kwon Hyun-Ah
Published: January 2021

This study analyzes a participatory regeneration project implemented for sustainable improvement as the center of Yeongju, a rural area in Korea, declines. The paper explains how participants were chosen from the mostly elderly population and encouraged to participate. In this case, a small, non-agricultural business that existing residents could maintain was conceived and implemented with a focus on cooperation rather than agricultural recovery or urbanization through the construction of large apartments and new industrial complexes. To this end, the administration continues to support the community from a long-term perspective, and experts have consistently made practical implementations among them. The participating community is not fixed but flexibly reorganized based on the progress of the project. In addition, by creating public community facilities, residents can continue their activities. This study emphasizes that participatory planning does not necessarily imply a retreat to the administration and experts and provides important guidance for implementation under similar conditions in the future.
City Region Food Systems: Building Resilience to COVID-19 and Other Shocks
Authors: Blay-Palmer Alison , Santini Guido , Halliday Jess , Malec Roman , Carey Joy , Keller Léo , Ni Jia , Taguchi Makiko , van Veenhuizen René
Published: January 2021

Using examples from the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper reviews the contribution a City Region Food Systems (CRFS) approach makes to regional sustainability and resilience for existing and future shocks including climate change. We include both explicit interventions under United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO-RUAF) led initiatives, as well as ad hoc efforts that engage with elements of the CRFS approach. To provide context, we begin with a literature review of the CRFS approach followed by an overview of the global food crisis, where we outline many of the challenges inherent to the industrial capital driven food system. Next, we elaborate three key entry points for the CRFS approach—multistakeholder engagement across urban rural spaces; the infrastructure needed to support more robust CRFS; system centered planning, and, the role of policy in enabling (or thwarting) food system sustainability. The pandemic raises questions and provides insights about how to foster more resilient food systems, and provides lessons for the future for the City Region Food System approach in the context of others shocks including climate change.
Regional Coordination and Security of Water–Energy–Food Symbiosis in Northeastern China
Authors: Li Hongfang , Wang Huixiao , Yang Yaxue , Zhao Ruxin
Published: January 2021

The interactions of water, energy, and food, which are essential resources for human survival, livelihoods, production, and development, constitute a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Applying symbiosis theory, the economic, social, and natural factors were considered at the same time in the WEF system, and we conducted a micro-level investigation focusing on the stability, coordination, and sustainability of the symbiotic units (water, energy, and food), and external environment of the WEF system in 36 prefecture-level cities across three northeastern provinces of China. Finally, we analyzed the synergistic safety and coupling coordination degree of the WEF system by the combination of stability, coordination, and sustainability, attending to the coordination relationship and influences of the external environment. The results indicated that the synergistic safety of the WEF system in three northeastern provinces need to equally pay attention to the stability, coordination, and sustainability of the WEF system, since their weights were 0.32, 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. During 2010–2016, the synergistic safety indexes of the WEF system ranged between 0.40 and 0.60, which was a state of boundary safety. In the current study, the coupling coordination degree of the WEF system fluctuated around a value of 0.6, maintaining a primary coordination level; while in the future of 2021–2026, it will decline to 0.57–0.60, dropping to a weak coordinated level. The conclusion could provide effective information for decision-makers to take suitable measures for the security development of a WEF system.
OVALI, Sustainability for Poultry®: A Method Co-Designed by Stakeholders to Assess the Sustainability of Chicken Supply Chains in Their Territories
Authors: Méda Bertrand , Dusart Léonie , Protino Juliette , Lescoat Philippe , Berri Cécile , Magdelaine Pascale , Bouvarel Isabelle
Published: January 2021

Sustainability is a challenging issue for livestock production, with many expectations from citizens and consumers. Thus, in order to improve existing production systems or design new ones, there is a need for sustainability assessment tools. We propose here a method based on a participatory approach to assess the sustainability of chicken supply chains. A participating group composed of various French stakeholders (poultry industry operators, research and development scientists, non-governmental organizations, etc.) was consulted to gather the various existing visions of sustainability. Each decision was validated by this group, and this resulted in the creation of a consensual assessment grid, based on economic, social, and environmental pillars, summarized in 9 goals, 28 criteria, and 45 indicators. Each item was weighted by the participating group according to their relative importance. The grid was then tested on two different French supply chains, producing either free-range or conventional standard chickens. The strengths, weaknesses, and improvement margins of each supply chain were identified. For conventional standard production, an improvement scenario was proposed, based on changes in chicken feed and the renovation of chicken houses. This new supply chain improved many criteria in the three pillars; such as economic competitiveness, European protein autonomy, social acceptance, and lower greenhouse gas emission. In conclusion, this method provides a robust and powerful tool to help stakeholders to start their own autonomous improvement process, and thus progress towards a more sustainable chicken production.
Biochar Role in the Sustainability of Agriculture and Environment
Authors: Ayaz Muhammad , Feizienė Dalia , Tilvikienė Vita , Akhtar Kashif , Stulpinaitė Urte , Iqbal Rashid
Published: January 2021

The exercise of biochar in agribusiness has increased proportionally in recent years. It has been indicated that biochar application could strengthen soil fertility benefits, such as improvement in soil microbial activity, abatement of bulk density, amelioration of nutrient and water-holding capacity and immutability of soil organic matter. Additionally, biochar amendment could also improve nutrient availability such as phosphorus and nitrogen in different types of soil. Most interestingly, the locally available wastes are pyrolyzed to biochar to improve the relationship among plants, soil and the environment. This can also be of higher importance to small-scale farming, and the biochar produced can be utilized in farms for the improvement of crop productivity. Thus, biochar could be a potential amendment to a soil that could help in achieving sustainable agriculture and environment. However, before mainstream formulation and renowned biochar use, several challenges must be taken into consideration, as the beneficial impacts and potential use of biochar seem highly appealing. This review is based on confined knowledge taken from different field-, laboratory- and greenhouse-based studies. It is well known that the properties of biochar vary with feedstock, pyrolysis temperature (300, 350, 400, 500, and 600 °C) and methodology of preparation. It is of high concern to further investigate the negative consequences: hydrophobicity; large scale application in farmland; production cost, primarily energy demand; and environmental threat, as well as affordability of feedstock. Nonetheless, the current literature reflects that biochar could be a significant amendment to the agroecosystem in order to tackle the challenges and threats observed in sustainable agriculture (crop production and soil fertility) and the environment (reducing greenhouse gas emission).
Data Envelopment Analysis Applications on Primary Health Care Using Exogenous Variables and Health Outcomes
Authors: González-de-Julián Silvia , Barrachina-Martínez Isabel , Vivas-Consuelo David , Bonet-Pla Álvaro , Usó-Talamantes Ruth
Published: January 2021

A data envelopment analysis was used to evaluate the efficiency of 18 primary healthcare centres in a health district of the Valencian Community, Spain. Factor analysis was used as a first step in order to identify the most explanatory variables to be incorporated in the models. Included as variable inputs were the ratios of general practitioners, nurses, and costs; as output variables, those included were consultations, emergencies, avoidable hospitalisations, and prescription efficiency; as exogenous variables, those included were the percentage of population over 65 and a multimorbidity index. Confidence intervals were calculated using bootstrapping to correct possible biases. Efficient organisations within the set were identified, although the results depend on the models used and the introduction of exogenous variables. Pharmaceutical expenditure showed the greatest slack and room for improvement in its management. Data envelopment analysis allows an evaluation of efficiency that is focussed on achieving better results and a proper distribution and use of healthcare resources, although it needs the desired goals of the healthcare managers to be clearly identified, as the perspective of the analysis influences the results, as does including variables that measure the achievements and outcomes of the healthcare services.
First Evidence of the Toxin Domoic Acid in Antarctic Diatom Species
Authors: Olesen Anna J. , Leithoff Anneliese , Altenburger Andreas , Krock Bernd , Beszteri Bánk , Eggers Sarah Lena , Lundholm Nina
Published: January 2021

The Southern Ocean is one of the most productive ecosystems in the world. It is an area heavily dependent on marine primary production and serving as a feeding ground for numerous seabirds and marine mammals. Therefore, the phytoplankton composition and presence of toxic species are of crucial importance. Fifteen monoclonal strains of Pseudo-nitzschia subcurvata, a diatom species endemic to the Southern Ocean, were established, which were characterized by morphological and molecular data and then analysed for toxin content. The neurotoxins domoic acid and iso-domoic acid C were present in three of the strains, which is a finding that represents the first evidence of these toxins in strains from Antarctic waters. Toxic phytoplankton in Antarctic waters are still largely unexplored, and their effects on the ecosystem are not well understood. Considering P. subcurvata’s prevalence throughout the Southern Ocean, these results highlight the need for further investigations of the harmful properties on the Antarctic phytoplankton community as well as the presence of the toxins in the Antarctic food web, especially in the light of a changing climate.
Method for the Detection of the Cleaved Form of Shiga Toxin 2a Added to Normal Human Serum
Authors: Rocchetti Lucrezia , Munari Beatrice , Varrone Elisa , Porcellini Elisa , Orth-Höller Dorothea , Würzner Reinhard , Carnicelli Domenica , Brigotti Maurizio
Published: January 2021

The pathogenesis of Escherichia coli-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome (eHUS) caused by infections with pathogenic Shiga toxin (Stx) producing E. coli (STEC) is centered on bacterial (e.g., Stx) and host factors (circulating cells, complement system, serum proteins) whose interaction is crucial for the immediate outcome and for the development of this life-threatening sequela. Stx2a, associated to circulating cells (early toxemia) or extracellular vesicles (late toxemia) in blood, is considered the main pathogenic factor in the development of eHUS. Recently, it was found that the functional properties of Stx2a (binding to circulating cells and complement components) change according to modifications of the structure of the toxin, i.e., after a single cleavage of the A subunit resulting in two fragments, A1 and A2, linked by a disulfide bridge. Herein, we describe a method to be used for the detection of the cleaved form of Stx2a in the serum of STEC-infected or eHUS patients. The method is based on the detection of the boosted inhibitory activity of the cleaved toxin, upon treatment with reducing agents, on a rabbit cell-free translation system reconstituted with human ribosomes. The method overcomes the technical problem caused by the presence of inhibitors of translation in human serum that have been stalled by the addition of RNAase blockers and by treatment with immobilized protein G. This method, allowing the detection of Stx2a at concentrations similar to those found by ELISA in the blood of STEC-infected patients, could be a useful tool to study the contribution of the cleaved form of Stx2a in the pathogenesis of eHUS.
4′-O-methylpyridoxine: Preparation from Ginkgo biloba Seeds and Cytotoxicity in GES-1 Cells
Authors: Zhu Jin-Peng , Gong Hao , Wu Cai-E , Fan Gong-Jian , Li Ting-Ting , Wang Jia-Hong
Published: January 2021

Ginkgo biloba seeds are wildly used in the food and medicine industry. It has been found that 4′-O-methylpyridoxine (MPN) is responsible for the poisoning caused by G. biloba seeds. The objective of this study was to explore and optimize the extraction method of MPN from G. biloba seeds, and investigate its toxic effect on human gastric epithelial cells (GES-1) and the potential related mechanisms. The results showed that the extraction amount of MPN was 1.933 μg/mg, when extracted at 40 °C for 100 min, with the solid–liquid ratio at 1:10. MPN inhibited the proliferation of GES-1 cells, for which the inhibition rate was 38.27% when the concentration of MPN was 100 μM, and the IC50 value was 127.80 μM; meanwhile, the cell cycle was arrested in G2 phase. High concentration of MPN (100 μM) had significant effects on the nucleus of GES-1 cells, and the proportion of apoptotic cells reached 43.80%. Furthermore, the Western blotting analysis showed that MPN could reduce mitochondrial membrane potential by increasing the expression levels of apoptotic proteins Caspase 8 and Bax in GES-1 cells. In conclusion, MPN may induce apoptosis in GES-1 cells, which leads to toxicity in the human body.
Hematology and Clinical Chemistry Reference Ranges for Laboratory-Bred Natal Multimammate Mice (Mastomys natalensis)
Authors: Wozniak David M. , Kirchoff Norman , Hansen-Kant Katharina , Sogoba Nafomon , Safronetz David , Prescott Joseph
Published: January 2021

Laboratory-controlled physiological data for the multimammate rat (Mastomys natalensis) are scarce, despite this species being a known reservoir and vector for zoonotic viruses, including the highly pathogenic Lassa virus, as well as other arenaviruses and many species of bacteria. For this reason, M. natalensis is an important rodent for the study of host-virus interactions within laboratory settings. Herein, we provide basic blood parameters for age- and sex-distributed animals in regards to blood counts, cell phenotypes and serum chemistry of a specific-pathogen-monitored M.natalensis breeding colony, to facilitate scientific insight into this important and widespread rodent species.
NanoString Technology for Human Papillomavirus Typing
Authors: Rajeevan Mangalathu S. , Patel Sonya , Li Tengguo , Unger Elizabeth R.
Published: January 2021

High-throughput HPV typing assays with increased automation, faster turnaround and type-specific digital readout would facilitate studies monitoring the impact of HPV vaccination. We evaluated the NanoString nCounter® platform for detection and digital readout of 48 HPV types in a single reaction. NanoString (NS) used proprietary software to design CodeSets: type-specific probe pairs targeting 48 HPV types and the globin gene. We tested residual DNA extracts from epidemiologic specimens and defined samples (HPV plasmids at 10 to 104 copies/reaction) directly (No-PCR) as well as after L1 consensus PCR of 45 (PCR-45) or 15 cycles (PCR-15). Assay and interpretation followed NS recommendations. We evaluated analytic performance by comparing NanoString results for types included in prior assays: Roche Linear Array (LA) or HPV TypeSeq assay. No-PCR results on 40 samples showed good type-specific agreement with LA (k = 0.621) but sensitivity was 65% with lower limit of detection (LOD) at 104 plasmid copies. PCR-45 results showed almost perfect type-specific agreement with LA (k = 0.862), 82% sensitivity and LOD at 10 copies. PCR-15 results on 75 samples showed substantial type-specific agreement with LA (k = 0.796, 92% sensitivity) and TypeSeq (k = 0.777, 87% sensitivity), and LOD at 10 copies of plasmids. This proof-of-principle study demonstrates the efficacy of the NS platform with HPV CodeSet for type-specific detection using a low number of PCR cycles (PCR-15). Studies are in progress to evaluate assay reproducibility and analytic validation with a larger number of samples.
Stiffening Behavior of Supine Humans during En Route Care Transport
Authors: Rahmatalla Salam , Qiao Guandong , Kinsler Rachel , DeShaw Jonathan , Mayer Andrew
Published: January 2021

Previous studies of human response to whole-body vibration demonstrated nonlinear softening behaviors with increasing vibration magnitudes. Most of these studies were conducted at relatively low vibration magnitudes of less than 3 m/s2 root mean square (RMS), and not much knowledge is available to show if this softening behavior exists when humans are exposed to higher vibration magnitudes. In this work, 26 participants were transported in a supine position inside an army medical vehicle on a road that simulated field scenarios and were exposed to input acceleration magnitudes at 0.60, 0.98, 1.32, 3.25, 5.58, and 5.90 m/s2 RMS. Motion response data were collected at the head, torso, and pelvis of the participants using inertial sensors. Transmissibility and coherence graphs were used to investigate the type of nonlinearity induced under these transport conditions. Participant responses showed softening behavior when the vibration magnitude increased from 0.60 to 0.98 to 1.32 m/s2 RMS. However, this response behavior changed to stiffening when the vibration magnitude increased to 3.25, 5.58, and 5.90 m/s2 RMS. In the stiffening range, the transmissibility of the torso transformed from two dominant peaks to a single peak, which may indicate a tonic muscle behavior. The resulting stiffening behaviors may be considered in the design of transport systems subject to rough terrains.
Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Snow Depth and Snow Cover Days over the Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Zhang Chi , Mou Naixia , Niu Jiqiang , Zhang Lingxian , Liu Feng
Published: January 2021

Changes in snow cover over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) have a significant impact on agriculture, hydrology, and ecological environment of surrounding areas. This study investigates the spatio-temporal pattern of snow depth (SD) and snow cover days (SCD), as well as the impact of temperature and precipitation on snow cover over TP from 1979 to 2018 by using the ERA5 reanalysis dataset, and uses the Mann–Kendall test for significance. The results indicate that (1) the average annual SD and SCD in the southern and western edge areas of TP are relatively high, reaching 10 cm and 120 d or more, respectively. (2) In the past 40 years, SD (s = 0.04 cm decade−1, p = 0.81) and SCD (s = −2.3 d decade−1, p = 0.10) over TP did not change significantly. (3) The positive feedback effect of precipitation is the main factor affecting SD, while the negative feedback effect of temperature is the main factor affecting SCD. This study improves the understanding of snow cover change and is conducive to the further study of climate change on TP.
Adsorption of Metals to Particles in Urban Stormwater Runoff—Does Size Really Matter?
Authors: Baum Philipp , Kuch Bertram , Dittmer Ulrich
Published: January 2021

The parameter total suspended solids (TSS) is often used to evaluate the need for stormwater treatment or to assess the effectiveness of treatment measures. The purpose of this study is to analyze the value and the limitations of this approach using metals as an example. They are of major concern due to their accumulating effects in the environment. Data of a monitoring campaign at a stormwater treatment facility is evaluated. TSS, organic matter and the associated metals (Cr, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb) were analyzed in four different particle size fractions (<63 µm, 63–125 µm, 125–250 µm, and 250–2000 µm). While the highest event meant concentrations for all metals were found in the smallest fraction, a rather uniform particulate bound metal concentration (mass of metal per mass of particulate matter) over the first three particle size fractions was detected. Total metal loads correlated well with TSS even better with TSS < 63 µm. However, the removal efficiency in terms of the reduction of the total metal load was not reflected sufficiently by the TSS or TSS < 63 µm removal efficiency.
Assessment of Flood Forecast Products for a Coupled Tributary-Coastal Model
Authors: Cifelli Robert , Johnson Lynn E. , Kim Jungho , Coleman Tim , Pratt Greg , Herdman Liv , Martyr-Koller Rosanne , FinziHart Juliette A. , Erikson Li , Barnard Patrick , Anderson Michael
Published: January 2021

Compound flooding, resulting from a combination of riverine and coastal processes, is a complex but important hazard to resolve along urbanized shorelines in the vicinity of river mouths. However, inland flooding models rarely consider oceanographic conditions, and vice versa for coastal flood models. Here, we describe the development of an operational, integrated coastal-watershed flooding model to address this issue of compound flooding in a highly urbanized estuarine environment, San Francisco Bay (CA, USA), where the surrounding communities are susceptible to flooding along the bay shoreline and inland rivers and creeks that drain to the bay. The integrated tributary-coastal forecast model (Hydro-Coastal Storm Modeling System, or Hydro-CoSMoS) was developed to provide water managers and other users with flood forecast information beyond what is currently available. Results presented here are focused on the interaction of the Napa River watershed and the San Pablo Bay at the northern end of San Francisco Bay. This paper describes the modeling setup, the scenario used in a tabletop exercise (TTE), and the assessment of the various flood forecast information products. Hydro-CoSMoS successfully demonstrated the capability to provide watershed and coastal flood information at scales and locations where no such information is currently available and was also successful in showing how tributary flows could be used to inform the coastal storm model during a flooding scenario. The TTE provided valuable feedback on how to guide continued model development and to inform what model outputs and formats are most useful to end-users.
Low Flow and Drought in a German Low Mountain Range Basin
Authors: Grosser Paula Farina , Schmalz Britta
Published: January 2021

Rising temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns in the last decades have led to an increased awareness on low flow and droughts even in temperate climate zones. The scientific community often considers low flow as a consequence of drought. However, when observing low flow, catchment processes play an important role alongside precipitation shortages. Therefore, it is crucial to not neglect the role of catchment characteristics. This paper seeks to investigate low flow and drought in an integrative catchment approach by observing the historical development of low flows and drought in a typical German low mountain range basin in the federal state of Hesse for the period 1980 to 2018. A trend analysis of drought and low flow indices was conducted and the results were analyzed with respect to the characteristics of the Gersprenz catchment and its subbasin, the Fischbach. It was shown that catchments comprising characteristics that are likely to evoke low flow are probably more likely to experience short-term, seasonal low flow events, while catchments incorporating characteristics that are more robust towards fluctuations of water availability will show long-term sensitivities towards meteorological trends. This study emphasizes the importance of small-scale effects when dealing with low flow events.
COVID-19 y medio ambiente: un llamado a la reflexión
Authors: Yeriny del Carmen Conopoima
Published: January 2021

El artículo abordó un tema de actualidad, abarcó dos tópicos significativos, dentro de la existencia humana, como serían el COVID-19, como enfermedad infecciosa causada por el coronavirus, y por otro lado, el medio ambiente, como conjunto de elementos donde se destacan, la flora, la fauna, los seres humanos, el agua, el aire, la atmósfera y el espacio exterior. De allí que su objetivo se enmarcó en analizar las implicaciones del binomio Covid-19 y Medio Ambiente, en la vida del hombre. Se basó en una investigación documental, apoyada en la revisión de diferentes documentos escritos e investigaciones alusivas al tema. Estos elementos vistos de forma separada, son de gran importancia para la vida de las personas y que al presente, por alguna razón convergen en un punto que llama a la reflexión, en cuanto a su trascendencia sobre estas, en cualquier punto del planeta Tierra. Se expuso como resultado de la investigación, que el factor COVID-19, está produciendo un desmedro en la dinámica mundial, tanto por las numerosas muertes, como por el temor al contagio, el confinamiento en los hogares, el distanciamiento social, la paralización de la actividad económica, por mencionar algunos. Sin embargo, cabría considerar las pérdidas de vidas humanas cuya alarmante cifra anual, es superior al resultado del coronavirus, producto del daño ocasionado al medio ambiente. Convendría entonces, entrelazar estos eventos, para generar pensamientos, que permitan concienciar al hombre de su responsabilidad ante todo aquello que afecte la vida en el globo terráqueo.
La Densidad de las imágenes
Authors: García-Durán Pedro
Published: January 2021

El presente artículo trata de pensar los diagnósticos de Guy Debord, desarrollados en torno al concepto de “espectáculo”, por medio de las categorías y descripciones de la historia de la significatividad que se despliegan en la obra de Hans Blumenberg. Esta relación permite comprender la actualidad del andamiaje teórico de este último no sólo como un conjunto de herramientas de descripción histórica, sino en tanto aportaciones valiosas para analizar y comprender las formas actuales de elaboración de la experiencia y del significado. Por otra parte, esta confluencia también permite medir la validez y profundidad del diagnóstico que pronunciase el líder de la Internacional Situacionista en La sociedad del espectáculo, así como señalar las diferencias que separan a ambos autores y las aporías que se expresan en sus respectivos pensamientos. En definitiva, este artículo buscará aportar elementos que hagan posible pensar, desde un punto de vista crítico, las formas de construcción de la significatividad en un momento en el que éstas también se ven sometidas a procesos de tecnificación y espectacularización.
Número Completo
Authors: Prometeica Revista
Published: January 2021

Número Completo
ANALISIS KEPUASAN PENGGUNA APLIKASI OJEK ONLINE MENGGUNAKAN METODE TECHNOLOGY ACCEPTANCE MODEL (TAM)
Authors: Utama Novian Putra , Indriani Fintri
Published: January 2021

Kemacetan di Jakarta adalah suatu fenomena yang sudah menjadi momok masyarakat, kemacetan terjadi karena semakin banyaknya kendaraan bermotor yang  ada  di  Jakarta, masih kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat berkendaraan dan berlalu lintas  dan  kurang  nya  tingkat  kesadaran  masyarakat  akan penggunaan transportasi umum yang menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi kemacetan di Jakarta. Berdasarkan uraian pada latar belakang masalah, maka dapat di idetifikasikan beberapa masalah, diantaranya 1) Apakah kemudahan persepsian (Percived Ease Of Use) berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan sistem aplikasi ojek online di Indonesia? 2) Apakah kemanfaatan persepsian (Percived Usefulness) berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan aplikasi ojek online di Indonesia?. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis dan menguji apakah kemudahan persepsian (Percived Ease Of Use) berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan sistem aplikasi ojek online di Indonesia, dan untuk menganalisis dan menguji apakah kemanfaatan persepsian (Percived Usefulness) berpengaruh positif terhadap penerimaan aplikasi ojek online di Indonesia.
L'élaboration didactique en FOU-ingénierie : faire développer la compétence en communication langagière à travers l'exposé et le plan d'études
Authors: Martins Pricila Inácio , Orefice Adalton Nogueira
Published: January 2021

Afin de rendre plus visible la complexité de la pratique enseignante inscrite dans le cadre de l'enseignement-apprentissage des langues-cultures, nous menons, dans un premier temps, une réflexion sur la "capacité à communiquer langagièrement" et ses "composantes" (BEACCO, 2007), en articulation avec les concepts d' "acteur et action sociale" (CECRL, 2001; PUREN, 2005) et de "compétences" (DOEHLER 2005). Par la suite, nous mettons en évidence les implications que peut apporter notre réflexion initiale au travail d'élaboration didactique développé par les enseignants de Français sur objectif universitaire (MANGIANTE; PARPETTE, 2011). Pour ce faire, nous évoquons le cas des étudiants en ingénierie à l'École Polytechnique de Université de Sao Paulo et nous proposons des activités didactiques visant répondre à quelques besoins (faire un exposé et un plan d'études) liés à ce public brésilien, voire d'autres. Nous envisageons ainsi d'offrir des éléments théoriques et pratiques pour mieux comprendre le travail des enseignants-élaborateurs insérés en contexte spécifique, plus précisément en contexte universitaire.
Francês para Objetivo Universitário no Curso de Direito: elaboração de um programa de ensino para a mobilidade acadêmica délocalisée PITES (USP-UdL)
Authors: Nassif Jorge Traldi Fabiana , Albuquerque-Costa Heloisa
Published: January 2021

No contexto de internacionalização das universidades brasileiras, diversos acordos de mobilidade acadêmica são estabelecidos, ocasionando uma procura crescente por cursos de línguas estrangeiras. A oferta destes cursos está baseada no desenvolvimento de competências orais e escritas para a comunicação no cotidiano e não para as situações acadêmicas que envolvem a adaptação e inserção de estudantes no meio universitário estrangeiro. O objetivo deste artigo é, num primeiro momento, apresentar as características do programa de duplo diploma PITES entre a Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo e a Universidade de Lyon para, em seguida, descrever os dados obtidos pela aplicação dos procedimentos metodológicos que levaram à elaboração de um programa de Francês para Objetivo Universitário (FOU) para este duplo diploma. A base teórica adotada neste estudo está fundamentada em MANGIANTE; PARPETTE (2004, 2011), CARRAS et al. (2007) e ALBUQUERQUE-COSTA (2015, 2016). A contribuição deste artigo se dá no âmbito do ensino e aprendizagem do FOU para um programa de mobilidade específico, a mobilidade délocalisée, em uma área específica, do FOU em direito.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) pada Pembuatan Pupuk Organik
Authors: Nirwana Pancawati , Djangi Muhammad Jasri , Side Sumiati
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan (Research and Development) yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan Lembar Kerja Mahasiswa (LKM) pada pembuatan pupuk organik yang valid, efektif, dan praktis untuk digunakan pada proses pembelajaran matakuliah Kimia Lingkungan. Pengembangan LKM ini menggunakan model pengembangan Plomp yang terdiri atas lima fase yaitu investigasi awal, perancangan, realisasi/ konstruksi, tes, evaluasi, dan revisi, serta implementasi. Ujicoba terbatas terhadap LKM dilakukan pada mahasiswa angkatan 2013 sebanyak 15 orang. Instrumen yang digunakan pada penelitian ini terdiri atas instrumen validasi LKM, lembar pengamatan aktivitas mahasiswa, lembar penilaian laporan dan angket respon mahasiswa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) LKM dinyatakan valid berdasarkan penilaian dua orang validator dengan nilai rata-rata validitas sebesar 3,10; (2) LKM dinyatakan efektif berdasarkan persentase aktivitas mahasiswa sebesar 81,11% dan nilai rata- rata laporan sebesar 79,49 dengan kategori efektif; (3) LKM dinyatakan praktis berdasarkan hasil angket respon mahasiswa dengan persentase rata- rata respon positif sebesar 81,00% pada kategori praktis.

Kata kunci: Penelitian Pengembangan, Model Plomp, LKM, Pupuk Organik

ABSTRACT

The research was a research and development that aimed to develop students worksheet on making organic fertilizer which valid, effective, and practice and could be used in that learning chemical environment. This research used development of Plomp model consisted of five phase namely prelimenary investigation, design, realization/construction, test, evaluation and revision, and implementation. The limited of the student’s worksheet was conducted to 15 student’s academic year 2013. The instrument of the research are validation sheet of student’s worksheet, observation sheet of student’s activities, the assessment sheet report, and namely the questionnaire. The research result was indicated that: (1) Student worksheet were valid based on the assessment of two validators with the average of the validity score 3,10; (2) Students worksheet were effective based on the students activities presentation of 81,11% and the average of report score was effective of 79,49; (3) Student worksheet were practice based on the result of the questionnaire of 81,00%.

Keywords: Research and Development, Plomp, Students Worksheet, Organic Fertilizer
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Drill terhadap Aktivitas dan Hasil Belajar Siswa Kelas X Desain Grafika 1 Di SMK Negeri 4 Gowa
Authors: Zaenab Zaenab
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran kimia kelas X Desain Grafika 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa Tahun pelajaran 2018/2019 yang diajar dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Drill, pada pokok bahasan Struktur Atom dan Sistem Periodik. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah PTK (Penelitian Tindakan Kelas). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah Peserta didik Kelas X Desain Grafika 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa yang berjumlah 35 orang. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah tes hasil belajar kimia setiap akhir siklus, pedoman angket dan pedoman observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata hasil belajar kimia Peserta didik kelas X Desain Grafika 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa yang mengikuti mata pelajaran dengan penerapan model pembelajaran Drill pada siklus I adalah ketuntasan belajar 71,43%, selanjutnya rata-rata hasil belajar kimia Peserta didik pada siklus II adalah 77,15% dengan ketuntasan belajar 100%. Jadi dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan model pembelajaran Drill ini dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik pada mata pelajaran kimia kelas X Desain Grafika 1 SMK Negeri 4 Gowa.

Kata kunci: Model Drill, Hasil belajar

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine student learning outcomes in chemistry subjects of Graphic Design 1 class X of Vocational School 4 Gowa in the 2018/2019 academic year taught using the Drill learning model, on the subject of Atomic Structures and Periodic Systems. This type of research used in this study is Classroom Action Research. The subjects in this study were students of Graphic Design 1 Class X of Vocational School 4 Gowa with a total of 35 people. The research instruments used in data collection were chemistry learning achievement tests at the end of each cycle, questionnaire guidelines, and observation guidelines. The data analysis technique used is qualitative descriptive analysis and quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed the average chemistry learning outcomes of Graphic Design 1 Class X students of Vocational School 4 Gowa by application of the Drill learning model in the first cycle were mastery learning 71.43% and at second cycle was 77.15% with 100% mastery learning. So it can be concluded that the application of this Drill learning model can improve student learning outcomes in chemistry subjects Graphic Design 1 Class X of Vocational School 4 Gowa.

Keywords: Drill Method, Student’s Achievement
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Macromedia Flash berbasis Discovery Learning pada Materi Larutan Penyangga Kelas XI MIA 1 SMAN 9 Makassar
Authors: Haryani Haryani , Yunus Muh. , Anwar Muhammad
Published: January 2021

ABSTRAK

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian research and development (R&D) yang bertujuan untuk memperoleh media pembelajaran macromedia flash berbasis discovery learning pada materi larutan penyangga dan yang valid, praktis dan efektif. Tahapan pengembangan mengacu pada model ADDIE meliputi tahapan analysis, design, develop, implementation, dan evaluation. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan lembar validasi, angket, postest dan dokumentasi yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan metode deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil validasi produk pengembangan media pembelajaran macromedia flash berbasis discovery learning dari ahli materi dan ahli media masing-masing termasuk kategori valid dan sangat valid. Kepraktisan media pembelajaran ditinjau dari angket tanggapan peserta didik, angket tanggapan guru dan lembar observasi keterlaksanaan perangkat masing-masing termasuk kategori sangat tinggi, tinggi dan sangat tinggi. Keefektifan media pembelajaran ditinjau dari motivasi belajar peserta didik termasuk kategori tinggi dan perbandingan persentase ketuntasan hasil post-test kelas uji coba dengan kelas pembanding berturut-turut yaitu 62,5% dan 59,3%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data dapat disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran yang diperoleh valid, praktis dan efektif untuk diterapkan dalam pembelajaran kimia pada materi larutan penyangga.

Kata Kunci: Macromedia flash, model pembelajaran discovery learning

ABSTRACT

This research is a research and development (R & D) that aimed to product learning media macromedia flash based discovery learning on buffer solution subject matter and determine the valid, practic and effective. The development stages refers to ADDIE models, namely analysis, design, develop, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection was done with using validation sheet, questionnaire, post-test and documentation which are analyzed with quantitative descriptive analysis method. The validation result of development learning media products macromedia flash based discovery learning for its learning content standards, learning, language, software engineering and visual display and audio respectively obtained 3,9; 3,6; 5; 4,1dan 4.6. Practicality of learning media in terms of student responses questionnaire, teacher responses and observation sheet of device implementation respectively obtained 82.21%, 78.5% and 89.55. The effectiveness of learning media in terms of the student motivation got percentage 70.49% and a comparison of the percentage of completeness posttest results of trials with control class, respectively obtained 62.5% and 59.3%. Finally, it can be concluded that the learning macromedia flash based discovery learning is valid, practical and effective be applied in learning chemistry on buffer solution subject matter.

Keywords: Learning media, macromedia flash, discovery learning model
Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Animasi Pada Model Pembelajaran Discovery Learning Terhadap Hasil Belajar Kimia Peserta Didik Kelas X MIA SMAN 1 Gowa (Studi Pada Materi Reaksi Oksidsi Dan Reduksi)
Authors: Mustabsyira Mustabsyira , Sulastri Taty , Side Sumiati
Published: January 2021

Penelitian ini adalah penelitian eksperimen semu yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan media animasi pada model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar kimia peserta didik kelas X MIA SMAN 1 Gowa pada materi pokok reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi. Populasi dari penelitian ini yaitu peserta didik kelas X SMAN 1 Gowa yang terdiri dari 6 kelas. Teknik pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara acak. Teknik pengumpulan data diperoleh dari tes hasil belajar peserta didik yang terdiri atas 20 butir soal pilihan ganda. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan inferensial. Data deskripsi hasil belajar diperoleh rata-rata kelompok eksperimen 77,97 dan kelompok kontrol 74,55. Pengujian hipotesis dengan uji Mann-whitney menghasilkan Zhitung= 1,91 dan Ztabel = 1,64, sehingga Zhitung > Ztabel dengan = 0,05 dan dk=66. Ada pengaruh penggunaan media animasi pada model pembelajaran discovery learning terhadap hasil belajar kimia peserta didik kelas X MIA SMAN 1 Gowa pada materi pokok reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi.

Kata kunci: animasi, discovery learning, reaksi oksidasi dan reduksi

ABSTRACT

This research as a quasi-experimental that aimed to find out the effect of the animation media on the discovery learning models to learning outcomes of the students of class X MIA SMAN 1 Gowa on oxidation reduced reaction. The population of this research is the student of class X SMAN 1 Gowa that was consist of 6 classes. Sampling technique is random, data was collected from the achievement test of the student that consists of 20 multiple choice. Analysis data technique used descriptive and inferential analysis. Data descrption of the result of the study gained an average of experimental group 77,97 and the control group 74,55. Testing of hypothesis used Mann-Whitney, produce Z-calculate= 1,91 and Z-table = 1,64, so was Z-calculate> Z-table on α =0,05 and dk=66. An effect of the animation media on the discovery learning models to learning outcomes of the students of class X MIA SMAN 1 Gowa on oxidation reduced reaction.

Keywords: animation, discovery learning, oxidation and reduction reactions
Recomendaciones dirigidas a los familiares responsables del cuidado domiciliario de un paciente diagnosticado con Covid-19
Authors: Alcázar-Aguilar Oscar O. , Castro-Yanahida Javier E. , Rodríguez-Vargas Martha C. , Gil-Cueva Silvia L. , Cebrian-Centeno Enrique L.
Published: January 2021

La crisis que está ocasionando la enfermedad denominada COVID-19 está afectando severamente al sistema sanitario de diversos países, lo que obliga a tomar medidas alternativas para poder atender a una gran cantidad de pacientes que no pueden acceder a los centros de atención médica. Es por esta razón que se considera como una alternativa la atención domiciliaria para lo cual se debe ser muy riguroso en el cuidado de la persona afectada con COVID 19, ya que, si esto no se realiza de forma adecuada, los demás integrantes del hogar corren el riesgo de contaminarse, lo que incrementaría la saturación de los establecimientos de salud. Indicaciones como la permanencia del enfermo en un solo lugar, el uso de barreras de protección cuando se ingresa a esta área o la constante práctica de la higiene de manos, entre otras medidas, puede encaminar al éxito de este tipo de atención favoreciendo la pronta recuperación del paciente y la preservación de la salud de los demás habitantes del hogar.