bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A IRREFLEXÃO E A BANALIDADE DO MAL, DO PENSAMENTO DE HANNAH ARENDT, REFLETIDOS NO EXERCÍCIO DO PODER JUDICANTE - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.34602
Authors: Pedrosa Massaro Ana Carolina
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente artigo tem por escopo analisar o exercício do Poder Judicante a partir da conceituação de Hannah Arendt sobre a irreflexão e a consequente banalidade do mal. Com efeito, pretende-se, por meio deste estudo, fazer um comparativo entre as observações Arendtianas sobre a forma irracional de simplesmente obedecer ordens e seguir um código de ética pré-determinado, sem refletir sobre a conduta tomada, levando-se à banalidade do mal descrita pela filósofa quando do julgamento de Eichmann, com as decisões proferidas pelos magistrados em geral, que muitas vezes, para aplicarem rigorosamente a lei ao caso concreto, deixam de compreender as reais necessidade das partes e os motivos que as levaram a procurar o Poder Judiciário, e não contribuem para a obtenção de Justiça, na mais escorreita acepção da palavra. ABSTRACT:The scope of this article is to analyze the exercise of adjudicative power from the conceptualization of Hannah Arendt on the thoughtlessness and consequent banality of evil. Indeed, it is intended, through this study, to make a comparison between the observations Arendtian on how irrational simply obey orders and follow a code of ethics predetermined, without reflecting on the outlet duct, leading to the trivialization of poorly described by the philosopher when the Eichmann trial, with decisions handed down by judges in general, often to rigorously apply the law to this case, fail to understand the real needs of the parties and the reasons that led them to seek the Judiciary and do not contribute to the attainment of justice, in more ordinary sense of the word.
BACHARELISMOS NO BRASIL: JÁ NÃO SOMOS MAIS TÃO “MOÇOS”... - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.37587
Authors: Alberto Ramos Sarmento Jorge , Carmesin Gomes Raphael
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente trabalho objetiva reconstruir o percurso histórico dos bacharelismos – expressos no modo de ser do Bacharel em sua relação com a sociedade – a fim de se analisar o sujeito Bacharel em Direito na sociedade brasileira desde a colonização. Para tanto, se partirá do conceito operacional weberiano de “Tipo Ideal” para se fixarem os tipos ideais de Bacharel em Direito característicos de cada período histórico brasileiro. Para delinear a educação e os valores compartilhados por este Bacharel, lançaremos mão de alguns conceitos weberianos como o de “Estado patrimonial”, “estamento” e “técnica”. Conclui-se com o levantamento de algumas hipóteses para pesquisas futuras. ABSTRACT:Aim to reconstruct the historical course of “bacharelismos” – express in a way of been of Bachelor in his social relationship – to analyze the subject Bachelor of Laws in brazilian society since the colonization. For that we will start with the weberian operational concept of “Ideal Type” to set the ideal types of Bachelor of Laws that emerge in each brazilian historical period. To delineate the education and values shared by this Bachelor, we will employ some weberians concepts as “Patrimonial State”, “status group” and “technique”. Conclude with some hypothesis to researches at a late.
L’AUTONOMIE NORMATIVE DANS L’ENTREPRISE: APPROCHES DE THÉORIE DU DROIT - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v39i2.39569
Authors: Belaidi Rabah
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:A discussão sobre o fundamento do poder normativo na empresa mobilizou vários recursos retóricos ao longo de mais de um século de ativitades discursivas acadêmicas. Os limites das teorias dogmática-doutrinárias necessitam uma verticalização da reflexão que pode ser oferecida por uma abordagem de teoria do direito. A partir de um ponto de vista metajurídico, a autonomia normativa pode ser estudado de forma real e completa na condição de achar um protocolo ou uma ferramenta operatória. A análise institucional, bem que desprovida de fronteiras sempre delimitadas oferece possibilidades e vitudes heurísticas e revela além da explicação sociológica do poder na empresa, suas relações com o direito do estado. ABSTRACT:The discussion about the foundation of the normative power at an enterprise mobilized multiple retorical resources for more than a century of discursive academic activities. The limits of the doctrinaire-dogmatic theories need a reflection verticalization which can be offered through an approach of law theory. Starting from a metajuridical point of view, the normative autonomy can be studied in a real and complete way, under the condition of finding a protocol or an operative tool. The institutional analysis, well devoid of always delimited frontiers, offer possibilities and heuristic virtues and reveal beyond the sociological explanation of the power at the enterprise, but also your relations with the law of the state.
RESPONSABILIDADE AMBIENTAL PÓS-CONSUMO E LOGÍSTICA REVERSA: INSTRUMENTOS PARA UM CONSUMO SUSTENTÁVEL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v40i1.28601
Authors: Primor Ribas Giovanna Paola , Marés de Souza Filho Carlos Frederico
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:Os inúmeros e variados problemas ambientais com que o planeta se depara decorre do fenômeno segundo o qual o homem, para satisfação de suas novas e múltiplas necessidades, que são ilimitadas, apropria-se dos bens da natureza, por definição limitados. As necessidades humanas inevitavelmente são consumidoras de recursos naturais, o que deve ser ponderado é o volume dessa apropriação. O conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável expandiu-se e passou a abarcar o consumo sustentável. Posteriormente, nesse mesmo contexto, surgiram os termos consumo solidário e consumo consciente. Concomitantemente a essas propostas voluntárias faz-se necessário, para coibir o mau consumo, a atuação do Direito Ambiental, que tem se preocupado cada vez mais em regular a responsabilidade pós-consumo.ABSTRACT:Many environmental problems that the planet has faced is result from the phenomenon whereby the man appropriates the goods of nature to satisfy your new and multiple needs. Human needs are inevitably consumers of the natural resources. The volume of appropriation is what needs to be considered. The concept of sustainable development has expanded to embrace the concept of sustainable consumption. Posteriorly, in this same context, it has appeared terms as conscious and solidarity consumption. Besides these voluntary propositions, the acting of the Environmental Law, regulating the post-consumer responsibility, is necessary in order to restrain the bad consumption.
A EFETIVA IMPLANTAÇÃO DAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR MEIO DA DESAPROPRIAÇÃO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v40i1.38078
Authors: Alves Coelho Hebert , Nacur Rezende Elcio
Published: July 2017

RESUMO: O presente artigo analisa a importância das unidades de conservação ambientais. Demonstra que a simples criação das unidades de conservação não é suficiente para se promover adequadamente a tutela ambiental. É imprescindível uma efetiva implantação das unidades de conservação para uma proteção eficaz do meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, em especial da biodiversidade. Constata-se que a desapropriação das propriedades privadas em áreas constituídas como unidades de conservação é um importante instrumento para se concretizar esta efetiva implantação.  Buscou-se compreender o problema por meio de raciocínio dedutivo, com vertente metodológica jurídico-teórica, alicerçando-se na análise de doutrinas e artigos relacionados ao tema proposto.ABSTRACT: This paper analyzes the importance of environmental conservation units. It shows that the mere creation of the environmental conservation units is not enough to promote accordingly the environmental protection. It is indispensable an effective implementation of environmental conservation units in order to an effective protection of the ecologically balanced environment, in special the biodiversity. It notes that the expropriation of private property in areas constituted as conservation units is an important instrument to materialize this effective implantation. We tried to understand the problem through the deductive method, basing on the analysis of doctrines and articles related to the proposed topic.
NATUREZA JURÍDICA DO DIREITO AMBIENTAL: NORMAS DE SOBREDIREITO E COMPETÊNCIA MUNICIPAL DE NATUREZA LOCAL, UMA AVALIAÇÃO SOB O PRISMA PRINCIPIOLÓGICO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd%20ufg.v40i1.40302
Authors: Batista Guimarães Marcos , Ricardo da Rocha Araújo Paulo
Published: July 2017

RESUMO:O presente artigo tem como escopo realizar uma reflexão quanto à atuação dos munícipes/municípios nas construções sociológicas/societárias referentes à preservação/conservação dos recursos naturais. Esta construção indica uma relação característica entre o espaço/território quanto às mudanças de paradigmas na aplicação das legislações ambientais vigentes, realizando-se para tal o esgarçamento jusfilosófico e ético, no que tange a hermenêutica das emanações do Direito Ambiental e Constitucional. Para tal, enfatiza-se a característica do Direito Ambiental como norma de Sobredireito, sob o prisma dos princípios que regem esta ciência, abrangendo os aspectos gerais da Justiça Ambiental, Governança Ambiental e Direito Humano Fundamental, em confronto com as Competências Materiais e Legislativas conferido aos entes da federação, respeitado-se o Princípio Federativo. ABSTRACT:This article is scoped to perform a reflection on the performance of citizens and municipalities in sociological and societal constructs regarding the preservation or conservation of natural resources. This construction indicates a characteristic relationship between the space territory regarding changes of paradigms in the implementation of existing environmental legislation, where the rupture with legal philosophy and ethical, with regard to hermeneutics of emanations of Constitutional and environmental law. To this end, emphasizes the feature of environmental law as a standard of Superlaw, in the light of the principles governing this science, covering general aspects of environmental justice, Environmental Governance and Fundamental human right, in confrontation with Materials and legislative competences conferred to loved the Federation, respected the Principle of Federation.
INCLUSÃO DA PESSOA COM DEFICIÊNCIA NA SOCIEDADE DA INFORMAÇÃO: CONSIDERAÇÕES SOBRE A CIDADANIA ATIVA E PASSIVA NO PROCESSO ELEITORAL - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd%20ufg.v40i2.42886
Authors: Piva Almeida Leite Flavia , Filho Adalberto Simão , Menezes Vigliar José Marcelo
Published: July 2017

Resumo: A pesquisa parte da visão legislativa posterior à adesão do país a Convenção sobre os Direitos das Pessoas com Deficiência e seu Protocolo Facultativo, promulgados pela Organização das Nações Unidas, que contribuíram para a edição da Lei nº 13.146, de 02 de julho de 2015 que Institui a Lei Brasileira de Inclusão da Pessoa com Deficiência (Estatuto da Pessoa com Deficiência). O ambiente de sociedade da informação é avaliado do ponto de vista das políticas públicas estabelecidas no Marco Civil de internet pela Lei 12.965/14. O desafio do direito de votar e de ser votado por parte da pessoa com deficiência, também é abordado juntamente com a ideia de acessibilidade digital e de cidadania. Abstract: The research part of the subsequent legislative vision to the country's accession to the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and its Optional Protocol, promulgated by the United Nations, which contributed to the enactment of Law No. 13,146, of July 2, 2015 that establishes Brazilian Law of Inclusion of People with Disabilities (Status of Persons with Disabilities ). The information society environment is evaluated from the point of view of public policies established in the Internet Civil Marco by Law 12,965 / 14. The challenge of the right to vote and to be voted by the person with disabilities is also discussed along with the idea of digital accessibility and citizenship.
SOBRE ESTRATÉGIAS E DISPOSITIVOS NORMATIVOS EM FOUCAULT: CONSIDERAÇÕES DE MÉTODO - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd%20ufg.v40i2.44128
Authors: Deluchey Jean François Y
Published: July 2017

Resumo: Neste artigo, busco refletir as potencialidades e dificuldades metodológicas relativas ao uso do “dispositivo” como ferramenta de investigação nas ciências sociais e sociais aplicadas. Sugiro pensar a relação entre dispositivos normativos e sujeitos de direito, a partir da analítica do poder de Michel Foucault, para quem o poder existe como feixe de relações dissimétricas coordenadas por estratégias que impactam os sujeitos em suas dimensões inter e intraindividuais. Para tanto, o uso do dispositivo – em especial no caso do dispositivo normativo – apresenta-se como importante ferramenta metodológica, na medida em que funciona como grade de análise das relações de poder, de identificação das estratégias e de seus efeitos nos sujeitos. Nas conclusões, observo que a identificação da estratégia de um dispositivo deve perpassar pela análise da lógica das relações que o compõem, para, em um segundo momento, ver de que forma e em que medida esta estratégia impacta as formas de vida dos atores que compõem o nosso campo de estudo.Abstract: In this article, I try to interrogate the potentialities and methodological difficulties related to the use of the "dispositive" as a tool for research in the social sciences and applied social. I suggest to think the relation between normative dispositives and subjects to law from the Michel Foucault´s analytics of power, philosopher for whom the power exists as a beam of dissymmetrical relations coordinated by strategies that impact the subjects in their dimensions inter and intraindividuals. The use of the dispositives – especially of the normative ones - presents itself as an important methodological tool, to the extent that works as analytic framework of power relations, identification of strategies and their effects on the subjects. Finally, I observe that the identification of a dispositive strategy should pass by analysis of the logic of relations that compose it, for, in a second moment, see how and to what extent this strategy impacts the ways of life of the actors that compose our field of study.
DEMOCRACIA E BENS NATURAIS NA BOLÍVIA DO VIVIR BIEN: UMA CRÍTICA A PARTIR DA COLONIALIDADE E DA DEPENDÊNCIA - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v%vi%i.43126
Authors: Xavier dos Santos Santiago Bernardo , Bello Enzo
Published: July 2017

Resumo: O presente artigo objetiva pensar criticamente como se dá a relação entre democracia e bens naturais na Bolívia a partir das categorias colonialidade e dependência. A hipótese de base da pesquisa é que a democracia avança no país na medida em que novos e tradicionais sujeitos políticos emergentes resistem a processos de expropriação e mercantilização da natureza, afirmando modos de vida em harmonia com a Madre Tierra e produzindo novos paradigmas de relações e interações entre seres humanos e meio ambiente. Assim, busca-se situar os impasses gerados a partir da renovação do extrativismo como paradigma de desenvolvimento econômico para a efetivação dos dispositivos de democracia da carta do Novo Constitucionalismo, conformando um campo aberto de disputa dos sentidos do Vivir Bien. Adota-se a metodologia da pesquisa interdisciplinar com orientação epistemológica na Teoria Crítica através da conjunção dos marcos teórico-metodológicos do materialismo histórico e dialético, e do pensamento descolonial. Adotam-se, ainda, os raciocínios indutivo e dedutivo, numa abordagem jurídico-sociológica, pelos modos de pesquisa qualitativa, o que envolve as técnicas de pesquisas de revisão bibliográfica e análise documental.Abstract: Thispaperaims to thinkcritically, from the categories "coloniality" and “dependence",abouthowtherelationshipbetweendemocracy and natural goodsworksin Bolivia. The basic research hypothesis is that democracy goes ahead in that country according to the new and traditional emergent political subjects resistance to processes of disposession and merchandizing/commodification of nature, affirming ways of life in harmony with the Madre Tierra and producing new paradigms of relationships and interactions between human beings and environment. Thus, this study seeks to place the deadlocks created from the renewal of extractivism as a paradigm of economic development. And to the effectiveness of democratic dispositions on one of the main texts of the so called New Constitutionalism, generating an opened field of meanings dispute of the Vivir Bien. It is adopted the interdisciplinary methodology of research, with epistemological reference in the Critical Theory, through a link between the theoretical and methodological guidelines of the historical and dialectic materialism, and the decolonial thought. It is used, already, inductive and deductive reasoning, in a sociological and legal approach, through the tools of qualitative research, which involve two techniques of research: bibliographical review and documentary analysis.
A ESSÊNCIA SOCIOAMBIENTAL DO CONSTITUCIONALISMO LATINO-AMERICAN - DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5216/rfd.v%vi%i.46887
Authors: Marés de Souza Filho Carlos Frederico
Published: July 2017

Resumo:No século XX os povos indígenas do continente passaram a se agrupar em associações, mantendo os sistemas tradicionais, para enfrentar a luta contra a sociedade capitalista hegemônica. Com isso conseguiram romper paradigmas duros do sistema legal moderno e impuseram o reconhecimento de direitos coletivos, não só nas constituições nacionais, mas também em normativas internacionais. A luta dos povos indígenas sempre foi pela manutenção e conservação da natureza, mas no século XX essa reivindicação ganhou notoriedade, por isso ganharam a natureza como aliada. A luta dos povos indígenas se ampliou com a consciência de que no processo de colonização outros povos foram sendo criados a partir da resistência ao modo de produção devastador do colonialismo. É este arranjo da exploração da natureza e dos povos que formam, afinal, a essência do constitucionalismo latino-americano que, por ser composto pela diversidade social e biológica tem que ser necessariamente democrático.Resumen:En el siglo XX los pueblos indígenas del continente pasaron a agruparse en asociaciones manteniendo los sistemas tradicionales para enfrentar la lucha contra la sociedad capitalista hegemónica. Con eso, consiguieron romper fuertes paradigmas del sistema legal moderno e impusieron el reconocimiento de derechos colectivos, no solo en las constituciones nacionales, sino también, en las normativas internacionales. La lucha de los pueblos indígenas siempre fue por la manutención y conservación de la naturaleza, pero en el siglo XX esa reivindicación ganó notoriedad y por eso disfrutaron a la naturaleza como aliada. La lucha de los pueblos indígenas se amplió bajo la consciencia de que en el proceso de colonización otros pueblos fueron creándose a partir de la resistencia ante el modo de producción devastador del colonialismo. Dicha conjunción entre explotación de la naturaleza y de pueblos son los que forman, al final, la esencia del constitucionalismo latinoamericano que, por ser compuesto por la diversidad social y biológica tiene que ser necesariamente democrático.
Betting on Western North Carolina: Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort’s Regional Impacts
Authors: Lewis Courtney
Published: July 2017

The Eastern Band of Cherokee Indians’ (EBCI) launch of the Harrah’s Cherokee Casino Resort on their Qualla Boundary homeland marked the beginning of a new and flourishing industry for western North Carolina. But many who lived in the region worried about the questionable long-term success of such a large gaming enterprise, along with the impacts on employment and the potential social impacts (gambling, substance abuse, etc.). With the Cherokee Casino’s twentieth anniversary being celebrated in 2017, a full picture of the casino’s impacts can now be evaluated, including a reassessment of these initial concerns. This article examines the casino’s distinct contemporary impacts, including the substantial economic gains for the region; specific effects for the Qualla Boundary; regional infrastructure upgrades; and the recent emergence of surprising results from social impact studies. In addition to the gaming enterprise’s measurable effects, this article also foregrounds how these endeavors play a crucial role in the ability of the EBCI to provide for its citizens through the increased exercise of their inherent sovereignty. Finally, in addressing these outcomes, this article also introduces the EBCI’s 2015 installation of a second casino in Murphy, North Carolina: the Harrah’s Cherokee Valley River Casino and Hotel.
Presence of and Change in Self-Reported Chronic Disease in White Appalachian Adults Compared to White Adults in the Greater Cincinnati Region, 2005–2013
Authors: Chubinski Jennifer , Sprigg Susan
Published: July 2017

The Appalachian region has been identified as an area with health challenges, including higher mortality, reduced health care access, and poor health outcomes. However, the literature is lacking a randomly designed population-based survey that examines health issues in this population over time. The Greater Cincinnati Community Health Survey (CHSS), a random-digit dial telephone survey, included questions about chronic disease prevalence over an eight-year period in twenty-two counties surrounding Cincinnati, Ohio. The CHSS also identified Appalachian adults using a place-based method (respondent or parent born in an Appalachian county). This paper presents the self-reported prevalence of ten chronic conditions in the white Appalachian population in the survey region compared to the non-Appalachian population: asthma, cancer, chronic lung disease, diabetes, heart trouble or angina, high blood pressure, high cholesterol or triglycerides, stroke, severe allergies, and depression. The results show a persistent pattern of Appalachian adults with poorer health than their non-Appalachian counterparts: in 2013 significantly more Appalachians than non-Appalachians reported being told they had high blood pressure, depression, asthma, diabetes, cancer, chronic lung disease, and stroke. By collecting multiple years of data, we can see trends over time. For some conditions, the self-reported disease status of Appalachian adults has improved since 2005, though the improvement was statistically significant only for high cholesterol. For asthma, cancer, chronic lung disease, diabetes, and stroke, Appalachian self-reported disease status has significantly worsened since 2005.
Early Detection of At-Risk Undergraduate Students through Academic Performance Predictors
Authors: Rowtho Vikash
Published: July 2017

Undergraduate student dropout is gradually becoming a global problem and the 39 Small Islands Developing States (SIDS) are no exception to this trend. The purpose of this research was to develop a method that can be used for early detection of students who are at-risk of performing poorly in their undergraduate studies. A sample of 279 students participated in the study conducted in a Mauritian private tertiary academic institution. Results of regression analyses identified the variables having a significant influence on academic performance. These variables were used in a linear discriminant analysis where 74 percent of the students could be correctly classified into three categories: at-risk, pass or fail. In conclusion, this study has proposed a new technique that can be used by institutions to determine significant academic performance predictors and then identify at-risk students upon whom interventions can be implemented prior to exams to address the problem of dropouts.
The Use of Constant Market Share (CMS) Model to Assess Brazil Nut Market Competitiveness
Authors: Aguiar Giovanna Paiva , Da Silva João Carlos Garzel Leodoro , Frega José Roberto , De Santana Lorena Figueira , Valerius Jaqueline
Published: July 2017

This paper aims to evaluate the variation of market share explained by structural and competitive forces using the Constant Market Share (CMS) model. Assuming that a country should maintain its market share to keep competitive, the equation used in the model analyzes the export basket composition, exports destination, growth or shrinkage of the world market and the competitiveness effect. The overall loss of the Brazilian market share in a time series from 1998-2012 is given due to the barriers of potential European markets and reduction of the market growth of the product with shell. In a different way, the increase in exports of shelled nuts to markets with higher growth rates contributed to a favorable outlook for Bolivian and Peruvian markets, which had a market share gain on the period.
Comparison of the Postharvest Characteristics of Mango Fruits Produced under Contrasting Agro-Ecological Conditions and Harvested at Different Maturity Stages
Authors: Ambuko Jane , Kemunto Nancy , Hutchinson Margaret , Owino Willis
Published: July 2017

Mango (Mangifera indica) fruit production in Kenya occurs under diverse agro-ecological zones (AEZs). The different AEZs have variations in rainfall, sunlight, temperature, soils and cultural practices all of which affect fruit physiology and quality at harvest. Maturity stage at harvest also affects mango fruit quality and storage potential. In the present study, the effect of AEZs and fruit maturity stage on the postharvest shelf-life of mango variety apple was determined. The study was conducted over two seasons in 2011 and 2013 and the fruits were harvested from two different AEZs: Embu (high potential zone) and Makueni (low potential zone). The fruits were also harvested at two maturity stages based on flesh color. The fruits were selected for uniformity and allowed to ripen at ambient room conditions (Temperature; 25±1 oC and RH 60±5%) until a predetermined end stage. Five fruits were randomly sampled from each batch for determination of respiration, cumulative weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid and mineral nutrients (potassium and magnesium). The results showed that ‘apple’ mango fruit quality was significantly affected by production location, maturity stage and the interaction between the two factors. Fruits harvested from Makueni and fruits harvested at early maturity stage (S1) had a longer shelf life (3 days more). Makueni fruits had significantly (p < 0.05) lower respiration rates accompanied with minimal weight loss. In addition, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid and mineral (magnesium) were significantly (p < 0.05) high in Makueni fruits while fruits from Embu were significantly (p < 0.05) high in total titratable acidity and potassium content. This study confirms profound variability in fruit quality as affected by the production location and harvest maturity.
Effects of Nitrogen Levels on Anatomy, Growth, and Chlorophyll Content in Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Leaves
Authors: Kumari Santosh
Published: July 2017

Nitrogen nutrition strongly affected the individual leaf expansion, formation and development of palisade and spongy cells, chloroplast membrane organization and number of grana thylakoids, chlorophyll a, and b proportion, chloroplast length and width, epidermal cell division and expansion in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves. Nitrogen levels remarkably affected the development of phloem transfer cells, thereby loading and unloading capacity of phloem. Nitrogen nutrition environment exert developmental control on phloem size via cytokinin production by increased root growth in sunflower.
Determination of Major and Minor Elements in Maltese Sheep, Goat and Cow Milk Using Microwave Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrophotometry
Authors: Spiteri Ritianne , Attard Everaldo
Published: July 2017

The mineral content of milk from sheep, goats and cows bred in Malta and Gozo were determined for the first time. Two hundred and twenty samples were collected from cow, sheep and goat farms in Malta and Gozo. Ten macro and micro minerals were analysed, using microwave plasma-atomic emission spectrophotometry.No significant differences were observed between localities for the metals in the ruminant milk. Three micro minerals, Mn, Cr and Cd were not detected in the three milk types. However, most metals differed significantly between ruminants. Potassium was highest in cow milk, while Ca was significantly the highest in sheep milk. The other metals occurred at much lower concentrations. For the micro minerals, sheep milk exhibited the highest concentrations for Fe, Mg and Cu while cow milk showed the highest values for Zn and Ba. Principal component analysis revealed the separation of the cow and sheep milk samples into two distinct clusters, while the goat milk samples were scattered across the two clusters. This shows the distinctiveness of the sheep milk over the other two milk types.
Preweaning Calf Survival of a Nellore Beef Cattle Population
Authors: Azevedo Junior Jairo , Petrini Juliana , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Ferraz José Bento Sterman
Published: July 2017

The preweaning calf survival (SW) is one of the main economic bottlenecks of beef cattle rearing systems, however there is still few quantitative studies approaching this issue. Being a binary trait, genetic parameters for SW can be estimated considering continuous or categorical data under frequentist and Bayesian methods providing support for the selection and mating of animals in breeding programs. Therefore, the objectives in this study were to obtain and compare the variance component estimates for preweaning calf survival of calves in single-trait analyses and their correlations with a continuous trait in two-trait analyses. An amount of 25 218 data of the categorical trait of calf survival until weaning (SW) and the continuous trait of weaning weight (WW) were collected between the years of 2000 and 2012 in six herds of Nellore cattle. Methods III of Henderson, Maximum Restricted Likelihood (REML), Bayesian Inference and Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) were tested. Variance components obtained in one-trait analyses were similar to those obtained in two-trait analyses. Estimates of heritability (h2) obtained with different models for SW ranged from 0.0206 to 0.2644. The comparison between different estimation methods in single or two-trait analysis models allows the conclusion that the most appropriate method for SW analysis was the Bayesian estimation under an animal model and assuming linear distribution for phenotypes of SW trait.
Categorical Visual Score Traits of a Nellore Beef Cattle Population
Authors: Azevedo Junior Jairo , Petrini Juliana , Mourão Gerson Barreto , Ferraz José Bento Sterman
Published: July 2017

Variance components and genetic parameters of economically relevant traits in livestock, whether continuous or categorical, can be estimated by methods computationally available providing support for the selection and mating of animals in breeding programs. The objectives of this paper were to obtain and compare the variance components estimates for visual traits under continuous or categorical distribution in single-trait analysis and their correlations with continuous productive traits in two-trait analysis. Data of conformation (CONF), precocity of fat deposition (PREC) and muscling (MUSC) visual scores evaluated at 18 months of age as well as the weight at 18 months of age (YW) were collected from animals born from 2000 to 2012, in Nellore cattle herds raised in Southeastern and Central Western tropical regions of Brazil. Methods III of Henderson, Restricted Maximum Likelihood (REML), Bayesian Inference and generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) were tested. Variance components obtained from single-trait analysis were similar to those obtained from two-trait analysis. The estimates of heritability (h2) for the visual scores ranged from 0.1081 to 0.2190. Heritability estimates for traits evaluated by visual scores have moderate to high magnitude justifying the inclusion of visual scores as selection criteria in animal breeding and the selection of animals with higher scores for mating. High genetic correlations between yearling weight and morphological traits were verified. For visual scores of conformation, precocity and muscling, the most suitable model based on one-trait or two-trait analyses considered an animal model, a linear distribution of the data and the estimation method of the components of (co)variance based on Bayesian methodology.
Genetic Characterisation and Diversity Assessment of Potato Genotypes Using SSR Markers
Authors: Namugga Prossy , Sibiya Julia , Melis Rob , Barekye Alex
Published: July 2017

Information on diversity of genetic materials is vital for choosing parents in a breeding program. The objective of the study was to determine the pattern and level of genetic diversity among the selected 20 tetraploid potato genotypes using 16 SSR markers to identify suitable parents for breeding purposes. The microsatellites showed considerable variation among genotypes and sixty four alleles were amplified by the 16 primer pairs. The number of polymorphic alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 8 with an average of 3.9. The highest number of null alleles was observed was six for genotype Nakpot1. The overall size of the amplified product varied from 48 bp (marker STI0023) to 309 bp (marker STM5121). PIC values ranged from 0.0948 to 0.7832, with an average of 0.4307 per locus. Heterozygosity values ranged from 0.0997 to 0.805 with an average of 0.466919. Significant positive linear correlations were observed between PIC values and number of alleles (r = 0.905); and heterozygosity and number of alleles (r = 0.8659) at p < 0.001. Cluster analysis separated the genotypes into three different groups. The genetic distance between clones ranged from 1 to 5.7. Cruza had the highest genetic distance while the shortest genetic distance was observed between 396026.103 and 396034.104. The microsatellites used in this study provided useful information regarding the variability of the tested genotypes and their selection for breeding purposes.
Comparative Study of NMR Spectral Profiling for the Characterization and Authentication of Cannabis
Authors: Wang Xinyi , Harrington Peter de B , Baugh Steven F
Published: July 2017

For the authentication of botanical materials, itis difficult to obtain representative reference materials because botanicals vary significantly with respect to cultivation conditions. Chemical profiling of plant extracts or spectral fingerprinting can differentiate botanicals and group them by their chemical profiles. NMR spectroscopy yields a powerful and useful method for profiling plant extracts. Both 500 MHz 1H and 1H-1H correlation NMR spectroscopy coupled with pattern recognition were used to discriminate among Cannabis samples. A rapid method of analysis was achieved by extracting directly into the deuterated solvent. Spectral ranges including or excluding the downfield region were compared to evaluate the effect on classification accuracy by projected difference resolution. Six classification methods—fuzzy rule-building expert system, linear discriminant analysis (LDA), super partial least-squares discriminant analysis, support vector machine (SVM), and SVMclassification trees (SVMTrees)—all gave better classification performance for proton NMR spectrathan for proton-proton correlation NMR spectra for seven Cannabis samples. Among the classification methods for a set of 25 Cannabis samples, the 0.5–7.2 plus 7.4–13.0 ppm ranges gave higher prediction rates of greater than 96% when compared to the reduced range of 0.5–7.2 ppm that excluded the downfield range. The LDA method had the best prediction accuracy of 99.8 ± 0.4%. SVMTree methods provide a robust tool, and classification trees are amenable to interpretation. Hence, NMR spectroscopy combined withchemometrics could be used as a fast screening method for the authentication of Cannabis samples.
A trajetória do movimento das mulheres trabalhadoras rurais do sertão central de Pernambuco: 1984 – 2015
Authors: Carvalho Cristiana Rodrigues , Costa Maria Aparecida Tenório Salvador
Published: July 2017

O artigo apresenta uma análise da trajetória de mobilização, engajamento e articulação das mulheres agricultoras rurais que resultou no Movimento das Mulheres Trabalhadoras Rurais do Sertão Central/PE. Ao longo de mais de 30 anos de luta, ele desenvolveu estratégias de comunicação diferenciadas ao mesmo tempo em que (re)construiu discursos e posicionamentos que possibilitaram uma maior autonomia, visibilidade e empoderamento às trabalhadoras rurais. Os dados foram coletados mediante análise documental, observação e entrevista semiestruturada. E a de análise foi feita a partir da Análise do Discurso. Buscou-se ligar o campo conceitual ao universo no qual as trabalhadoras estão inseridas, evidenciando assim seus códigos, crenças e linguagens, que normalmente se apresentam estruturadas em uma forma de vida particular e diferenciada, sustentada pela base de uma agricultura familiar. O resultado permitiu uma compreensão maior dos elementos que foram determinantes para que as mulheres tivessem coragem de combater as dificuldades que as excluíam das questões sociais, ao mesmo tempo em que sentiam uma maior necessidade e urgência de se reunir e se organizar enquanto movimento social.
O licenciamento ambiental de suinoculturas na região do Alto São Francisco, Minas Gerais
Authors: Andrade Helena Botelho de , Filho Luiz Otávio Moras , Borges Luís Antônio Coimbra
Published: July 2017

O Brasil é um dos principais países exportadores de carne suinícola, tendo produzido 3,643 milhões de toneladas em 2015. Porém, essa intensa produção animal ocasiona uma serie de impactos ambientais como a contaminação do solo e da água. Este trabalho teve como objetivo caracterizar o estado de adequação ambiental dos empreendimentos suinícolas licenciados no período de 2011 a 2015 na região do Alto São Francisco, Minas Gerais, observando principalmente as alternativas de mitigação de impactos utilizadas. A estatística utilizada foi a descritiva e a coleta de dados interpretativa, por meio de check-list. Verificou-se que o principal motivo de indeferimento de licenças foi a falta de cumprimento de condicionantes estabelecidas pelos órgãos ambientais. Os principais impactos ambientais negativos da suinocultura observados foram o grande volume de efluente gerado e da emissão de gases que contribuem com o aumento do efeito estufa. Entre as medidas mitigadoras, destaca-se o manejo do efluente por meio de biodigestores e queimadores, podendo ser reutilizado como insumo para fertirrigação ou geração de energia elétrica. A regularização ambiental é uma prática necessária para a sustentabilidade da atividade de suinocultura, proporcionando adequações necessárias à qualidade de vida.
Crédito juvenil: a construção social da juventude rural moderna
Authors: Marin Joel Orlando Bevilaqua
Published: July 2017

O artigo analisa processos de construção social da juventude rural moderna a partir de uma experiência pioneira de crédito agrícola para jovens rurais, instituída no final da década de 1950. Os dados da pesquisa foram obtidos pela combinação de pesquisa documental e bibliográfica. O Crédito Juvenil, articulado com os serviços de extensão rural e os clubes de jovens rurais, foi um instrumento para inserção da juventude rural nos processos de modernização da agricultura brasileira e para a produção de referências modelares para jovens rurais modernos. Conclui-se que a política de crédito agrícola para jovens foi um investimento para a construção social de uma juventude rural moderna no Brasil.
Extensive osteolytic disease in the mandible of a pediatric patient
Authors: Fortuna Tila , Rebouças Deyvid Silva , Lopes Gabriela Santos , Pimentel Ana Carolina Lemos , Medrado Alena Ribeiro Alves Peixoto , Freitas Carlos Elias de
Published: July 2017

Introduction: Gorham’s disease, correspond to a massive osteolytic disease of the bones, characterized by destruction and resorption of one or more bones, spontaneous and progressive. The etiology of the disease is still unknown. The destroyed bone does not have the ability to regenerate or repair and is replaced by dense fibrous tissue. Bones of the skull and pelvis are the most commonly affected and in maxillofacial bones, the mandible is particularly affected. Case report: This study reports the case of an 11-year- old female, referred to the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery service showing extensive area of spontaneous bone resorption, in which only the alveolar portion of the mandibular symphysis and the head of the left jaw were present. The history and clinical features observed indicated Gorham’s disease. Final considerations: When in progressive stages Gorham’s disease is difficult to be diagnosed by histopathological evaluation, due to limited remaining bone quantity, leaving only clinical and complementary exams to make allowances. The treatment is controversial in the literature. Therapy is individualized in accordance with the severity of the patient’s condition and the site of involvement.
Selective and regulated trapping of nicotinic receptor weak base ligands and relevance to smoking cessation
Authors: Govind Anitha P , Vallejo Yolanda F , Stolz Jacob R , Yan Jing-Zhi , Swanson Geoffrey T , Green William N
Published: July 2017

To better understand smoking cessation, we examined the actions of varenicline (Chantix) during long-term nicotine exposure. Varenicline reduced nicotine upregulation of α4β2-type nicotinic receptors (α4β2Rs) in live cells and neurons, but not for membrane preparations. Effects on upregulation depended on intracellular pH homeostasis and were not observed if acidic pH in intracellular compartments was neutralized. Varenicline was trapped as a weak base in acidic compartments and slowly released, blocking 125I-epibatidine binding and desensitizing α4β2Rs. Epibatidine itself was trapped; 125I-epibatidine slow release from acidic vesicles was directly measured and required the presence of α4β2Rs. Nicotine exposure increased epibatidine trapping by increasing the numbers of acidic vesicles containing α4β2Rs. We conclude that varenicline as a smoking cessation agent differs from nicotine through trapping in α4β2R-containing acidic vesicles that is selective and nicotine-regulated. Our results provide a new paradigm for how smoking cessation occurs and suggest how more effective smoking cessation reagents can be designed.
Sec17/Sec18 act twice, enhancing membrane fusion and then disassembling cis-SNARE complexes
Authors: Song Hongki , Orr Amy , Duan Mengtong , Merz Alexey J , Wickner William
Published: July 2017

At physiological protein levels, the slow HOPS- and SNARE-dependent fusion which occurs upon complete SNARE zippering is stimulated by Sec17 and Sec18:ATP without requiring ATP hydrolysis. To stimulate, Sec17 needs its central residues which bind the 0-layer of the SNARE complex and its N-terminal apolar loop. Adding a transmembrane anchor to the N-terminus of Sec17 bypasses this requirement for apolarity of the Sec17 loop, suggesting that the loop functions for membrane binding rather than to trigger bilayer rearrangement. In contrast, when complete C-terminal SNARE zippering is prevented, fusion strictly requires Sec18 and Sec17, and the Sec17 apolar loop has functions beyond membrane anchoring. Thus Sec17 and Sec18 act twice in the fusion cycle, binding to trans-SNARE complexes to accelerate fusion, then hydrolyzing ATP to disassemble cis-SNARE complexes.
Histone H3G34R mutation causes replication stress, homologous recombination defects and genomic instability in S. pombe
Authors: Yadav Rajesh K , Jablonowski Carolyn M , Fernandez Alfonso G , Lowe Brandon R , Henry Ryan A , Finkelstein David , Barnum Kevin J , Pidoux Alison L , Kuo Yin-Ming , Huang Jie , O’Connell Matthew J , Andrews Andrew J , Onar-Thomas Arzu , Allshire Robin C , Partridge Janet F
Published: July 2017

Recurrent somatic mutations of H3F3A in aggressive pediatric high-grade gliomas generate K27M or G34R/V mutant histone H3.3. H3.3-G34R/V mutants are common in tumors with mutations in p53 and ATRX, an H3.3-specific chromatin remodeler. To gain insight into the role of H3-G34R, we generated fission yeast that express only the mutant histone H3. H3-G34R specifically reduces H3K36 tri-methylation and H3K36 acetylation, and mutants show partial transcriptional overlap with set2 deletions. H3-G34R mutants exhibit genomic instability and increased replication stress, including slowed replication fork restart, although DNA replication checkpoints are functional. H3-G34R mutants are defective for DNA damage repair by homologous recombination (HR), and have altered HR protein dynamics in both damaged and untreated cells. These data suggest H3-G34R slows resolution of HR-mediated repair and that unresolved replication intermediates impair chromosome segregation. This analysis of H3-G34R mutant fission yeast provides mechanistic insight into how G34R mutation may promote genomic instability in glioma.
Oxygen isotopes suggest elevated thermometabolism within multiple Permo-Triassic therapsid clades
Authors: Rey Kévin , Amiot Romain , Fourel François , Abdala Fernando , Fluteau Frédéric , Jalil Nour-Eddine , Liu Jun , Rubidge Bruce S , Smith Roger MH , Steyer J Sébastien , Viglietti Pia A , Wang Xu , Lécuyer Christophe
Published: July 2017

The only true living endothermic vertebrates are birds and mammals, which produce and regulate their internal temperature quite independently from their surroundings. For mammal ancestors, anatomical clues suggest that endothermy originated during the Permian or Triassic. Here we investigate the origin of mammalian thermoregulation by analysing apatite stable oxygen isotope compositions (δ18Op) of some of their Permo-Triassic therapsid relatives. Comparing of the δ18Op values of therapsid bone and tooth apatites to those of co-existing non-therapsid tetrapods, demonstrates different body temperatures and thermoregulatory strategies. It is proposed that cynodonts and dicynodonts independently acquired constant elevated thermometabolism, respectively within the Eucynodontia and Lystrosauridae + Kannemeyeriiformes clades. We conclude that mammalian endothermy originated in the Epicynodontia during the middle-late Permian. Major global climatic and environmental fluctuations were the most likely selective pressures on the success of such elevated thermometabolism.
Investigating the running abilities ofTyrannosaurus rexusing stress-constrained multibody dynamic analysis
Authors: Sellers William I. , Pond Stuart B. , Brassey Charlotte A. , Manning Philip L. , Bates Karl T.
Published: July 2017

The running ability ofTyrannosaurus rexhas been intensively studied due to its relevance to interpretations of feeding behaviour and the biomechanics of scaling in giant predatory dinosaurs. Different studies using differing methodologies have produced a very wide range of top speed estimates and there is therefore a need to develop techniques that can improve these predictions. Here we present a new approach that combines two separate biomechanical techniques (multibody dynamic analysis and skeletal stress analysis) to demonstrate that true running gaits would probably lead to unacceptably high skeletal loads inT. rex. Combining these two approaches reduces the high-level of uncertainty in previous predictions associated with unknown soft tissue parameters in dinosaurs, and demonstrates that the relatively long limb segments ofT. rex—long argued to indicate competent running ability—would actually have mechanically limited this species to walking gaits. Being limited to walking speeds contradicts arguments of high-speed pursuit predation for the largest bipedal dinosaurs likeT. rex, and demonstrates the power of multiphysics approaches for locomotor reconstructions of extinct animals.