bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chikungunya: few months after the attack
Authors: González Tous Marco , Mattar V Salim
Published: July 2017

En mayo del 2014 se anunció en el editorial de la Rev.MVZ Córdoba la advertencia de la inevitable llegada del virus de chikungunya a Colombia y especialmente en el Caribe por sus condiciones climáticas del trópico húmedo, así como con la presencia del conocido vector competente del dengue: Aedes aegypti (1). La abundante población de este mosquito en el Caribe permitió una adaptación rápida del virus chikungunya y facilitó su diseminación en toda la costa Atlántica. La OPS y el Ministerio de Salud de Colombia conocían de su inminente llegada y destinaron recursos para controlar el vector y mitigar el impacto epidemiológico de este nuevo arbovirus. Sin embargo, se ha observado que las campañas de fumigación no fueron sistemáticas e incluso en algunas poblaciones rurales de la costa Atlántica no se realizaron.
Blood gas analysis in Mangalarga Marchador horses with colic
Authors: Castro Tiane F. , González Félix
Published: July 2017

Objective. This study aims to distinguish blood gas changes in horses with colic syndrome in which small or large intestine is affected. Materials and methods. Thirty Mangalarga Marchador horses were assessed, divided into groups according to the affected intestinal segment in episodes of colic syndrome (ECS): a group (N=10) of horses suffering from ECS with lesions only in the small intestine, a group (N=10) of horses suffering from ECS with lesions only in the large intestine and a group (N=10) of healthy horses (control). All the animals with ECS were submitted to exploratory laparotomy in order to establish the intestinal segment affected. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture, before surgical procedure to determine sodium, potassium, chloride, urea, glucose, hematocrit, hemoglobin, pH, carbon dioxide partial pressure, total carbon dioxide concentration, bicarbonate, base excess and anion gap. Results. No significant changes were found in plasma levels of Na+, K+, Cl- , pCO2 and anion gap in any type of ECS. Horses with small intestine injuries presented higher levels of tCO2, urea and bicarbonate compared to those with large intestine injuries and to the control group, as well as higher levels of glucose and base excess than the control group. Conclusions. Horses with colic syndrome bearing small intestine injuries show wider variations in the blood gas parameters than horses with large bowel lesions. Key word: Acid-base imbalance, electrolytes, large intestine, small intestine (Source:CAB).
Biochemical detection of E-ADA on Neospora caninum tachyzoites and the effects of a specific enzymatic inhibitor
Authors: Tonin Alexandre A. , Da Silva Aleksandro S. , Pimentel Victor C. , Zanini Daniele , C. Schetinger Maria Rosa , Morsch Vera M. , Camillo Giovana , Vogel Fernanda S.F. , Lopes Sonia T.A.
Published: July 2017

Objective. This study aimed to investigate the presence and activity of the ecto adenosine deaminase (E-ADA) enzyme in tachyzoites of Neospora caninum (Nc-1 strain), as well as to assess the activity of a well-known E-ADA inhibitor, the deoxycoformycin. Materials and methods. The parasites were grown in cell culture, being subsequently separated in a pellet of tachyzoites, on which the E-ADA activity was tested using the concentrations 0 (control), 0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mg mL-1. Results. The E-ADA showed high activity, progressively increasing its activity according to the enhancement of the protein concentration. The test was carried out with different concentrations of deoxycoformycin, showing that it was able to inhibit the E-ADA present on the free form of the parasite. Conclusions. Based on these results we conclude that the E-ADA is present on tachyzoites of N. caninum, and deoxycoformycin is able to inhibit this enzyme. In this sense, knowing the negative impact of N. caninum on reproductive issue in cattle (mainly abortion), might it is an alternative in order to deal with this parasitic infection.Key words: adenosine deaminase, deoxycoformycin, neosporosis (Source: CAB, MeSH).
Enterotoxigenic Genes in strains of Staphylococcus spp., isolated from cheese made in Pamplona-Colombia
Authors: Herrera A Fanny , Santos B Jesús
Published: July 2017

Objective. To determine the incidence of coagulase-positive strains of enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus in doble crema (double cream) cheese samples produced in Pamplona. Materials and methods. Bacterial isolation was performed following the routine method for coagulase positive Staphylococcus provided by the Colombian Technical Standard 4779, by using Baird Parker medium with confirmation of typical colonies by performing the coagulase test. Detection of genes for principal enterotoxins was done by PCR. Results. The prevalence of coagulase positive Staphylococcus in cheese samples was 31%, with 27% of the samples failing to meet the requirements of the NTC 750. In 24.6% of the studied isolates, genes for enterotoxin production were detected. The presence, in the isolated strains, of genes for SEB, SEA and SED was 18.5%, 4.6% and 3.0%, respectively. Conclusions. The significant presence of enterotoxigenic genes found in the isolates obtained from samples of double cream cheese made in Pamplona, suggests an important hazard to the health of consumers.Key words: coagulase, cheese, enterotoxins, prevalence, Staphylococcus (Source: MeSH).
Evaluation of a rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikyss) culture water recirculating system
Authors: Sánchez O Iván , Sanguino O Wilmer , Gómez C Ariel , García C Roberto
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. To evaluate a water recirculation system for rainbow trout fish cultures at the recirculating laboratory of the Aquaculture Engineering Production Program of University of Nariño. Materials and Methods. 324 rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mikyss) fries were cultured in 12 plastic tanks with a capacity of 250 L in an aquaculture recirculating system the treatment system of which was made up by a conventional sedimentation tank, a fixed stand upflow biofilter with recycled PVC tube pieces and a natural degassing system; the sedimentation unit effluent was pumped up to a reservoir tank using a 2 HP centrifugal pump after being subject to gravity through the biofilter and to be then distributed to the 12 culture units to which a constant amount of air from a blower was injected. Results. The water treatment system removed 31% of total suspended solids, 9.5% of total ammonia nitrogen, and increased dissolved oxygen to the final effluent in 6.5%. An increase of 305% in biomass was calculated during 75 days, the mortality percentage registered throughout the study period was 4.9%. Conclusions. The water treatment system maintained the physicochemical water quality parameters within the values recommended for the species. The increase in weight and size, food conversion, mortality and biomass production reported normal values for rainbow trout fish culture in recirculating systems.
Efficacy of clinoptilolite supplementation on milk yield and somatic cell count
Authors: Alic Ural Deniz
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. To determine the efficiency of clinoptilolite supplements on milk production and somatic cell count (SCC). Materials and methods. 80 Holstein–Friesian cows were used, between 2 and 4 years of age ad between their first and third lactation. Two groups made up of 40 animals were constituted, and one of the following treatments were assigned randomly: Control group (n=40) with a basal diet, and experimental group (Clinoptilolite; n=40) with a basal diet + 3% (p/p) of clinoptilolite. The basal diet consisted of corn, hay, sunflower flour, barley grains, wheat bran and soy flour. The experiment lasted 16 weeks (February to June 2013) and began 4 weeks before the expected delivery date. 2560 milk samples were taken (morning and evening), and the farm was visited twice a week. Results. The mean values for the control group and the clinoptilolite group were 30.63±0.851 and 33.66±0.756, respectively. Milk prouction for the clinoptilolite group was higher than that of the control group (p<0.01). SCC for the control and clinoptilolite groups was 5.06±0.045 and 4.79±0.011, respectively (p<0.01). Conclusions. Supplementing with 3% (p/p) clinoptilolite in dairy cows increases milk production and decreases somatic cell count.
El rompecabezas de los nuevos agentes etiológicos en las Américas: ¿Virus Punta del Toro, otra pieza?
Authors: Mattar V Salim , González Tous Marco
Published: July 2017

En un estudio reciente sobre fiebres tropicales indeferenciadas en una área endémica de Colombia, se demostró que no todas las fiebres agudas son causadas por el virus del dengue (1).  El complejo panorama  clínico-epidemiológico de las fiebres tropicales se ha convertido en un rompecabezas de dificil resolución debido a la aparición de nuevos agentes etiológicos en las Américas como Chikungunya y Zika. Para el diagnóstico diferencial se deben considerar Hantavirus, Arenavirus, Orupuche, virus trombocitopénico de las garrapatas, virus de Heartland, leptospira y malaria.
Estreptococos beta-hemolítico en tilapias del Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivadas en Sullana, Piura - Perú
Authors: Ortega A Yessica , Barreiro S Frank , Castro S Gina , Huancaré P Karina , Manchego S Alberto , Belo Marco AA , Figueiredo Mayra AP , Manrique Wilson G , Sandoval Ch Nieves
Published: July 2017

Objetivo. Esta investigación objetivó estudiar la presencia de Streptococcus spp. en tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) de la piscifactoría localizada en Sullana-Piura, Perú. Materiales y Métodos. 150 peces con signos clínicos de la enfermedad estreptocócica fueron analizados, el aislamiento bacteriano se realizó en agar sangre, en correlación con las lesiones histopatológicas y diagnóstico molecular mediante PCR en tiempo real. Resultados. A la necropsia se observó exoftalmia, hifema, congestión y/o meninges hemorrágicas, ascitis, esplenomegalia, hepatomegalia y zonas hemorrágicas difusas en todo el cuerpo. 102 aislados positivos (54) tilapias para Streptococcus spp. fueron identificados en el análisis microbiológico (prevalencia del 26%), el cerebro fue el órgano con el más alto porcentaje del género de esta bacteria (34.31%), 19 aislados fueron beta-hemolítico (18.63%), con prevalencia de 10.12%. Peces con Streptococcus beta-hemolíticos presentaron epicarditis, perisplenitis y meningitis crónica, panoftalmitis, necrosis coagulativa del músculo esquelético y formación de granulomas. En el análisis de PCR en tiempo real, no se obtuvo ninguna tilapia positiva para S. iniae. Los resultados se analizaron mediante una simulación estocástica de la distribución beta usando el programa de incertidumbre @Risk, reportando una prevalencia media de 0.66% en tilapias enfermas. Conclusiones. Los peces analizados fueron positivos para bacterias del género Streptococcus, lo que confirma su presencia en la piscifactoría. Sin embargo, 19 aislados fueron beta-hemolíticos, y la presencia de S. iniae no fue positiva para la prevalencia límite de 2.7% en PCR en tiempo real.
Decoloración de aguas residuales de una industria de pinturas por la microalga Chlorella sp
Authors: Angulo M Edgardo , Castellar O Grey , Cely B Ma Mercedes , Ibáñez S Lilia , Prasca M Lidys
Published: July 2017

Objetivo. Decolorar aguas residuales obtenidas de una empresa de pinturas, empleando la microalga Chlorella sp., como medio biológico de tratamiento. Materiales y métodos. Muestras de la microalga previamente cultivada con fertilizante como nutriente y fotoperiodos de luz y oscuridad, se tomaron para evaluar el efecto de la concentración inicial de la microalga Chlorella sp., en el proceso de bioremoción. Para tal fin, esta se cultivó a 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia en biorreactores con 200 mL de aguas residuales en presencia y ausencia de nutrientes. Se seleccionó el bioensayo con mejores porcentajes de remoción del color y se le determinó el DBO5 y DQO. Chlorella sp., inmovilizada en kappa carragenina también se estudió. Resultados. Los porcentajes de reducción de color de los bioensayos en ausencia de nutrientes fueron de 81.7, 69.7 y 58.3% para las concentraciones iniciales de 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente y en presencia de nutrientes fueron 72.6, 69.0 y 86.8% para 0.10, 0.20 y 0.30 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente, en el día de máximo crecimiento. Los resultados de la microalga inmovilizada fueron de 72.60% y 78.36% de remoción del color para 0.4 y 1.6 unidades de absorbancia respectivamente. El bioensayo con mayor rendimiento de remoción fue el realizado en presencia de nutrientes a 0.30 unidades de absorbancia con cambios importantes en los valores de DBO5 y DQO. Conclusión. El tratamiento biológico de aguas empleando la microalga Chlorella sp., puede considerarse una alternativa eficaz en la decoloración de aguas residuales.
Effect of L-glutamine levels in piglets diets challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysacharides
Authors: Pardo L Arturo , Poveda P Angela , Da Silva Caio , Dos Santos Andréa , Venâncio Emerson , Arantes Vânia , Nogueira Eduardo
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. To evaluate the effect of different levels of L-glutamine on weaned and immunologically challenged piglets with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on performance parameters, serum cortisol and defense cells. Materials and methods. Four levels of L –glutamine were evaluated (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0%) as well as the addition, or no addition, of LPS (0.3μg). 96 piglets were used (48 castrated males and 48 females) of Agroceres x PenArlan lineage, with an initial age of 21 days and 6.06±0.852 kg live weight. An experimental design was used on randomized blocks in a factorial setting 4 x 2 (levels of L- glutamine with or without challenge). Results. Cubic effect was shown for daily weight gain of unchallenged animals, and was better with the addition of 0.41% L- glutamine. Feed conversion improved with increased levels of L -glutamine for challenged animals. In the evaluation of defense cells, there was interaction of leukocytes with the levels of L- glutamine and the immune challenge. Eosinophils and lymphocytes showed a quadratic effect for the levels of L –glutamine, with a maximum value of 1.30% and 0.5%, respectively. Conclusions. L -glutamine supplementation of up to 2% in the diet improves feed conversion and favors the immune serum of weaned piglets challenged with LPS of E. coli.
Transient GUS gene expression in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) using Agrobacterium tumefaciens leaf infiltration
Authors: Díaz T Paula , Bernal G Adriana , López C Camilo
Published: July 2017

ABSTRACTObjective. Assess transient gene expression of GUS in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) leaves using Agrobacterium tumefaciens infiltration. Materials and methods. A. tumefaciens strains GV3101 and AGL1 containing pCAMBIA1305.2 were used to evaluate transient gene expression of β-glucuronidase (GUS). A. tumefaciens infiltration (agroinfiltration) was made using both leaves from in vitro and 1 month old greenhouse plants. Leaves were incubated in X-GLUC buffer, stained and photographed to detect GUS activity. Results. Agroinfiltration assays showed GUS transient expression in leaves of cassava varieties widely cultivated in the north coast and eastern savannah, MCOL2215 (Venezuelan) and CM6438-14 (Vergara), respectively. A. tumefaciens agressive strain AGL1 showed high efficiency inducing GUS expression in cassava leaves. Conclusions. We recommend using A. tumefaciens agressive strain AGL1 for agroinfiltration to assess transient expression in cassava leaves.
Narrativas de infâncias e violências
Authors: Lages e Silva Rodrigo
Published: July 2017

O paradigma da segurança sobrescreve-se sobre o princípio comunicante das cidades, produzindo, mais do que o confinamento físico, uma experiência desvitalizada dos encontros. Nesse processo, é necessário que a diferença compareça destituída de sua capacidade de interpelar as subjetividades. A experimentação infantil da cidade, contudo, desconhece a convergência simplificadora das narrativas urbanas que clamam por vigiamento e segurança ou que desejam colecionar instantes assépticos da história urbana a partir de signos do passado da cidade prontos para o consumo. Esse texto parte de acontecimentos marcados no rés do chão da Rua da República, no bairro Cidade Baixa, em Porto Alegre, para inspirar reflexões acerca do embate de forças que se expressa em traçados urbanos, fachadas de edifícios, modelos de infância ou dispositivos legais, espreitando novos possíveis para os modos de narrar a vida na cidade contemporânea.
Recruitment of Epac2A to Insulin Granule Docking Sites Regulates Priming for Exocytosis
Authors: Alenkvist Ida , Gandasi Nikhil R. , Barg Sebastian , Tengholm Anders
Published: July 2017

Epac is a cAMP-activated guanine nucleotide exchange factor that mediates cAMP signaling in various types of cells, including β-cells, where it is involved in the control of insulin secretion. Upon activation, the protein redistributes to the plasma membrane, but the underlying molecular mechanisms and functional consequences are unclear. Using quantitative high-resolution microscopy, we found that cAMP elevation caused rapid binding of Epac2A to the β-cell plasma membrane, where it accumulated specifically at secretory granules and rendered them more prone to undergo exocytosis. cAMP-dependent membrane binding required the high-affinity cyclic nucleotide-binding (CNB) and Ras association domains, but not the disheveled–Egl-10–pleckstrin domain. Although the N-terminal low-affinity CNB domain (CNB-A) was dispensable for the translocation to the membrane, it was critical for directing Epac2A to the granule sites. Epac1, which lacks the CNB-A domain, was recruited to the plasma membrane but did not accumulate at granules. We conclude that Epac2A controls secretory granule release by binding to the exocytosis machinery, an effect that is enhanced by prior cAMP-dependent accumulation of the protein at the plasma membrane.
Physiological and histological effects of (zinc and iron) oxide nanoparticles on some fertility parameters in female mice
Authors: Ibraheem Shaima R. , Ibrahim Muntaha R.
Published: July 2017

Nowadays nanoparticles have widespread application in various industriesbecause of their special and unique features, there are many studies in sideeffects of nanomaterial. This study done by 40 white female mice withevery other day intraperitoneally injection of low and high doses of both ofZnO kg of body weight) and FeOnanoparticles (5 and 40 mg/kg). After a 15 days period, the mice weresacrificed and blood samples were collected for hormone analysis, andtissue samples for morphometric studies.Statistical Analysis shows significant differences in LH, Estrogen,Progesterone hormone levels between groups, while there are insignificantdifferences in Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level between thegroups compared with its level in the control group.The results also show that the highest level of LH reach 7.2 mIU/ml in thegroups treated with low dose of zinc oxide, the highest level of FSH reach4.58 mIU/ml in the groups treated with low dose of zinc oxide, the highestlevel of Estrogen hormone reach 69.5 ng/ml in the groups treated with lowof dose zinc oxide and the highest level of Progesterone reach 1.9 ng/ml inthe groups treated with high dose iron oxide. We conclude from the resultsthat the low doses of ZnO has benefits in increasing fertility through highlevel of reproductive hormones, while the high levels of nanoparticlesreduce fertility and there is a relation between FeO nanoparticles andprogesterone levels which may need more future studies.Morphometric study of the ovary show increase in Follicular stagesnumber range in the group treated with Low dose ZnO in compare with itsrange in the control groups. The lower range was belong to the grouptreated with the high dose of FeO. No significant differences has beenfound in the diameter mean of the different follicular phases between thegroup treated with low dose of ZnO NPs in compared with the controlgroup. High dose of ZnO NPs cause significant increase in the diametermean of Primordial follicles in compared with the control group. Low andhigh dose FeO NPs treated groups show significant reduction in thediameter mean of the different follicular phases in compared with thecontrol group.
Antimicrobial Effect of Bacteriocin produced Pediococcus pentosaceus on some clinical isolates
Authors: Taher Nehad A.
Published: July 2017

About 10 isolates of Pediococcus sp were isolated from different cheese made in Iraq, These isolates were identified morphologically and biochemically and Api20 kit, thus there was only 6 isolate were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus (60%).In this study, we investigate, the effect of crude Bacteriocin from Pediococcus pentosaceus on 30 clinical isolates (5 E.coli, 5 Klepsiella pneumoniae, 5 Staphylococcus aureus, 5 Pseudomonas aeroginosa, 5 Bacillus subtilis, 5 Candida albicans). The protein concentration of this Bacteriocin was measured 67mg\ml by Bradford method and used as (1:2) by vol during the measuring the antimicrobial activity against the above clinical isolates by two methods wells and  agar plug assay. The results showed that  the inhibitory activity of this Bacteriocin was higher by wells method than agar pluq assay against Gram–positive bacteria or Gram-negative bacteria and yeast under this study.
Alarm Emergency in Virtual Small City
Authors: Al-Obaidi Mohanad Ali Meteab
Published: July 2017

In this paper a control  AT89C51 microcontroller system was proposed to used in the design of alarm emergency in virtual small city. The proposed system includes personal computer (PC), monitoring, control circuit which has a microcontroller. When the accident accrued, the system sends alarm from any anywhere compromised with a number of the street to the emergency office and emergency alarms bureau official received by the monitoring that appear on the map and this point sends warning.
Early Storybook Reading with Babies and Young Children: Parents' Opinions and Home Reading Practices
Authors: Brown Michelle I. , Westerveld Marleen F. , Gillon Gail T.
Published: July 2017

PARENTS' ( n = 113) OPINIONS OF early storybook reading (ESR) with their baby or toddler (newborn to three-years-old) and their home reading practices were explored using a questionnaire. Parents from both a more advantaged socioeconomic area and less advantaged socioeconomic area were included. The results signified that parents value ESR and participate in regular ESR with their baby. However, data suggests that some parents have difficulty choosing suitable books and have limited knowledge of how to promote early communication skills while sharing the storybook with their baby. Parents from the less advantaged area reported a lower frequency of ESR, owned fewer children's books and demonstrated more difficulties with book selection compared with parents from a more advantaged area. Future research targeting education on book selection and strategies to facilitate babies' early communication development during ESR may be beneficial to maximise the effectiveness of ESR on young children's language and social skill development.
‘This is Possibly the Hardest Decision a Parent has to Make.’ Deciding when your Child is Ready to Start Prep
Authors: Mergler Amanda , Walker Sue
Published: July 2017

WHILE THE MAJORITY OF Queensland state school students begin schooling in the first year they are eligible to do so, a small number of families delay entry. This paper explores voluntary delayed entry to state schools in Queensland through analysis of quantitative data gathered by the Department of Education and Training, and parental decision making around delayed entry via qualitative data sourced from an Australian parenting website. Results revealed that the number of children who are delayed entry is increasing, and that the majority of students delayed are boys who are the youngest in their cohort. A key reason for parents choosing to delay is the child's birth date being close to the state's cut-off entry date. Importantly, the decision of whether to delay entry appears to be emotional for parents, and it is argued that parents require support and services to help them make this decision.
Uji Park Dan Uji Breusch Pagan Godfrey Dalam Pendeteksian Heteroskedastisitas Pada Analisis Regresi
Authors: Andriani Siska
Published: July 2017

Homoskedastisitas is one of the conditions are fulfilled classical assumptions in the regression analysis, if not met this means homoskedastisitas error variance is not constant and is said to occur heteroscedasticity problem. Test Park and Pagan Godfrey Breusch test is a statistical test to detect whether there is a problem of heteroscedasticity in the regression equation. The problem is how to test the results of detection heteroskedastisitas Park and Breusch Pagan Godfrey test, which is more effective test.Based on the results of research and discussion can be concluded that the detection of the three cases of data acquired two pieces of data in the test with both test detected heteroskedasticity problems, while one case is detected by the test Breusch heteroskedastisitas Pagan Godfrey Park but the test was not detected. Values mean square error (MSE) test Breusch Pagan Godfrey smaller than the test Park so it can be said Pagan Godfrey Breusch method used more effectively. Thus, in detecting problems hetereoskedastisitas should use Breusch Pagan Godfrey test because they have better accuracy than tests Park.
Eksperimentasi Pendekatan Kontekstual Berbantuan Hands On Activity (HoA) Terhadap Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah Matematik
Authors: Putra Fredi Ganda
Published: July 2017

This research is comparative causal research with factorial design 3 × 1. The population of this research is all students of class VIII SMP Negeri 1 Simpang Semarang. Sampling was done by cluster random sampling. The sample of this research is students of class VIII B and VIII D. The instrument used to collect data is a test of mathematical problem solving ability of learners. Prior to use for data retrieval, the test instrument of mathematical problem solving ability was first tested. Assessment of validity of test instrument contents by 3 validators. Hypothesis test using one way Anova test with unequal cell. The conclusion of this research is that learners who get the application of contextual learning model with Hands on Activity has better problem solving ability than students who are given contextual learning model and conventional learning model, while the application of contextual learning model has better mathematical problem solving ability than the participants Students provided a contextual learning model and conventional learning model.
Eksperimentasi Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Student Team Achievement Divisions (STAD) dan Think Pair Share (TPS) Terhadap Prestasi Belajar Matematika Ditinjau Dari Motivasi Berprestasi
Authors: Untari Erny
Published: July 2017

The purposes of this study are to determine: (1) which one have a better mathematics achievement, students who taught by cooperative learning model STAD or TPS type. (2) which one have a better mathematics achievement, students who have high, middle, or low achievement motivation. (3) is there any interaction between learning model and achievement motivation towards mathematics achievement. This study is a quasi experimental research with 2x3 factorial design. The population of this study is all students XI Grade SMA N 1 Kwadungan in academic year 2016/2017. Sampling was done by random technique. The total of sample is 28 students, with details of 14 students for class experiment one and 14 students for class experiment two. The instruments used to collect data are test of prior knowledge in mathematics, achievement motivation questionnaire and mathematics achievement test. The trial of test instrument includes content validity, difficulty level, discrimination power, and reliability. The testing of hypothesis uses two-way analysis of variance with unequal cell. The testing of hypothesis concludes that (1) Students who taught by cooperative learning model of TPS type have better mathematics achievement than students who taught by cooperative learning model of STAD type. (2) Students who have high achievement motivation have better mathematics achievement than students who have middle and low achievement motivation, also students who have middle achievement motivation have better mathematics achievement than students who have low achievement motivation. (3) There isn’t interaction between learning model and achievement motivation towards mathematics achievement.
Analysis, Calculation and Reduction of Shaft Voltage in Induction Generators
Authors: Adabi Jafar , Zare Firuz
Published: July 2017

This paper presents analysis of shaft voltage in different configurations of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) and an Induction Generator (IG) with a back-to-back inverter in wind turbine applications. Detailed high frequency model of the proposed systems have been developed based on existing capacitive couplings in IG & DFIG structures and common mode voltage sources. In this research work, several arrangements of DFIG based wind energy conversion systems are investigated on shaft voltage calculation and its mitigation techniques. Placements of an LC line filter in different locations and its effects on shaft voltage elimination are studied with mathematical analysis and simulations.
A Novel Configuration for Voltage Sharing in DC-DC Converters
Authors: Nami A. , Boora A. A. , Zare F. , Ghosh A. , Blaabjerg F.
Published: July 2017

This paper presents a new multi-output voltage sharing (MOVS) converter. A high voltage application has been considered in this paper, where a novel DC-DC converter is being used as interface in high power renewable energy systems based on diode-clamped multilevel inverter, in which high quality regulated DC voltage is generated for DC link capacitors. Different output voltage sharing can be achieved by a given duty cycle for low and high power applications. Meanwhile, capacitor unbalancing problem in diode-clamped converters could be avoided as the voltage across each capacitor is controlled to the desired voltage level which decreases in complexity of inverter control. The topology easily can be extended to give multiple outputs. In order to verify the proposed topology, steady state and dynamic analysis have been studied. Simulation results are presented to show the operation of the proposed converters.
RESPONSIBILITAS PENGELOLAAN ANGGARAN PENDAPATAN DAN BELANJA DAERAH (APBD) KOTA BENGKULU
Authors: Rindawati Septi
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mengetahui faktor apa yang menyebabkan rendahnya responsibilitas pengelolaan Anggaran Penapatan dan Belanja Daerah (APBD) oleh Walikota kepada Dewan Perwakilan Daerah (DPRD) Kota Bengkulu tahun 2012. Latar belakang dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa ketidak mampuan pemerintah dalam mempertanggungjawabkan pengelolaan anggaran dengan tepat dimana anggaran yang dikelola tidak menggambarkan kebutuhan masyarakat yaitu dengan adanya pos-pos yang dibiayai APBD yang digunakan untuk kepentingan pejabat  sangat kontras  untuk kepentingan masyarakat.             Dengan metode kualitatif, penelitian ini menjadikan Walikota dan Pimpinan DPRD sebagai informan pangkal dan kemudian berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan kedua informan yang di wawancarai berkembang kepada Bappeda Kota Bengkulu, Pimpinan DPRD, Tim anggaran Pemda Kota, Badan Panitia anggaran DPRD, dan Tokoh masyarakat. Selain itu untuk mendapatkan data yang diperlukan  dalam penelitian ini dilakukan observasi atas latar belakang penelitian seperti berbagai kegiatan dalam kaitannya dengan Responsibilitas pengelolaan APBD oleh walikota kepada DPRD Kota Bengkulu tahun 2012.             Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa yang mempengaruhi responsibilitas pengelolaan APBD disebabkan oleh 6 (enam) faktor yaitu : pertama, Adanya struktur administrasi yang memusat, kedua Sistim Administrasi yang ketinggalan zaman, ketiga Pembengkakan Birokrasi, keempat Kompleksitas dan kekakuan peraturan, kelima Struktur Gaji dan perpindahan pegawai, keenam, Kurangnya pelatihan dan pendidikan bagi aparat. Selanjutnya berkenaan dengan temuan penelitian, dapat menyampaikan sebuah konsep baru bagi pengembangan Ilmu Pemerintahan yakni : rendahnya responsibilitas juga disebabkan oleh faktor perilaku pejabat politik dalam pengelolaan anggaran.
PROMOSI KESEHATAN HIV-AIDS DAN STIGMA TERHADAP PENGGUNA NARKOBA SUNTIK (PENASUN) DI KABUPATEN SUMEDANG
Authors: Shintadewi Evie Ariadne , Sumartias Suwandi
Published: July 2017

Di Indonesia, cara penularan HIV-AIDS melalui Injecting Drug User (IDU) atau  Pengguna Narkoba Suntik(Penasun) yang merupakan populasi beresiko dan sulit dijangkau (hard to reach) mencapai angka 40,4%. Salah satunya penyebab mereka sulit dijangkau adalah  sikap menstigma oleh masyarakat, karena stigma dapat mempersulit upaya intervensi pemerintah (melalui promosi kesehatan) dalam pengendalian HIV-AIDS.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah  : 1) untuk memperoleh gambaran tentang pelaksanaan kegiatan promosi kesehatan penanggulangan HIV-AIDS oleh KPA Kabupaten Sumedang 2) untuk memperoleh gambaran mendalam tentang makna stigma bagi Penasun dan 3) untuk mengetahui makna promosi kesehatan dalam menghapuskan stigma bagi Penasun.Metode penelitian adalah kualitatif deskriptif dengan pendekatan Studi Kasus, serta teknikpengumpulandata melalui:a) wawancaramendalam(indepthInterview), b) observasi, c) studipustaka, dan d)focus   group   discussion. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Komisi Penanggulangan AIDS (KPA) Kabupaten Sumedang melaksanakan kegiatan promosi kesehatan sebagai upaya pencegahanpenularan HIV-AIDS menggunakan beberapa strategi secara simultan untuk sasaran yang berbeda. Di sisi lain, Penasun memaknai stigma secara positif dan negatif. Makna negatif melahirkan sikap menarik diri dari kehidupan sosial, masa bodoh, apatis, tidak peduli dan putus asa dalam menjalani sisa hidupnya, sedangkan makna postif justru memberikan sisa hidupnya untuk dapat berkontribusi di masyarakat dengan ikut menyampaikan informasi tentang bahayanya HIV-AIDS. Penasun juga memaknai kegiatan promosi kesehatan yang dilakukan KPA Sumedang dalam tiga kategori, yaitu bagus untuk ranah kognitif, cukup untuk ranah afeksi dan masih kurang untuk ranah konasi. Kata Kunci : Stigma, Penasun, HIV-AIDS, Promosi Kesehatan.
Método para evaluar el Clima organizacional del área docente de un centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico de CD. Obregón, Sonora. Method to evaluate the organizational climate of the teaching area of a technological bachelor center of Obregon, Sonora
Authors: Luevano Alberto Cota
Published: July 2017

El clima Organizacional, es un conjunto de percepciones que los individuos tienen de una empresa y el entorno, independientemente de cómo lo perciben otros, por lo tanto, es más una dimensión del individuo que de la organización. Por tal motivo, es importante conocer el pensar que tienen los docentes sobre el clima organizacional, porque esto afecta diferentes factores como el fisiológico, psicológico, social y económico, además de tener necesidades materiales, también necesita sentirse involucrado en un ambiente confortable para poder trabajar de manera óptima. Todos ellos, pueden tener todas las aptitudes necesarias para cubrir perfectamente los requerimientos del puesto, pero si no están en un ambiente agradable, no lograrán desarrollar su potencial. Es la razón por la cual, se llevó a cabo una encuesta del clima organizacional, la cual fue diseñada por el autor Likert, y modificada para evaluar anteriormente al personal administrativo del Departamento de Registro Escolar, del Instituto Tecnológico de Sonora. El cuestionario fue diseñado con 21 preguntas y se aplicó a 40 docentes del Centro de Bachillerato Tecnológico de Cd. Obregón. Después de la aplicación se realizó un informe donde se dan a conocer los resultados y las oportunidades de mejora, la aplicación del método para evaluar el clima organizacional, se considera como una herramienta eficaz para mejorar el desempeño de los empleados.

Palabras clave: Evaluación; Clima Organizacional; Desempeño.
Danzas : Guitare Espagnole / Spanish Guitar – Montréal Guitare Trio (CD Review)
Authors: Trépanier Louis
Published: July 2017

[no abstract]
Sound-Intensity Feedback During Running Reduces Loading Rates and Impact Peak
Authors: Tate Jeremiah J. , Milner Clare E.
Published: July 2017

Study Design

Controlled laboratory study, within-session design.

Background

Gait retraining has been proposed as an effective intervention to reduce impact loading in runners at risk of stress fractures. Interventions that can be easily implemented in the clinic are needed.

Objective

To assess the immediate effects of sound-intensity feedback related to impact during running on vertical impact peak, peak vertical instantaneous loading rate, and vertical average loading rate.

Methods

Fourteen healthy, college-aged runners who ran at least 9.7 km/wk participated (4 male, 10 female; mean ± SD age, 23.7 ± 2.0 years; height, 1.67 ± 0.08 m; mass, 60.9 ± 8.7 kg). A decibel meter provided real-time sound-intensity feedback of treadmill running via an iPad application. Participants were asked to reduce the sound intensity of running while receiving continuous feedback for 15 minutes, while running at their self-selected preferred speed. Baseline and follow-up ground reaction force data were collected during overground running at participants' self-selected preferred running speed.

Results

Dependent t tests indicated a statistically significant reduction in vertical impact peak (1.56 BW to 1.13 BW, P≤.001), vertical instantaneous loading rate (95.48 BW/s to 62.79 BW/s, P = .001), and vertical average loading rate (69.09 BW/s to 43.91 BW/s, P≤.001) after gait retraining, compared to baseline.

Conclusion

The results of the current study support the use of sound-intensity feedback during treadmill running to immediately reduce loading rate and impact force. The transfer of within-session reductions in impact peak and loading rates to overground running was demonstrated. Decreases in loading were of comparable magnitude to those observed in other gait retraining methods. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther 2017;47(8):565–569. Epub 6 Jul 2017. doi:10.2519/jospt.2017.7275
Hepatitis E virus infection in Europe: surveillance and descriptive epidemiology of confirmed cases, 2005 to 2015
Authors: Aspinall Esther J , Couturier Elisabeth , Faber Mirko , Said Bengü , Ijaz Samreen , Tavoschi Lara , Takkinen Johanna , Adlhoch Cornelia ,   on behalf of the country experts
Published: July 2017

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an under-recognised cause of acute hepatitis in high-income countries. The purpose of this study was to provide an overview of testing, diagnosis, surveillance activities, and data on confirmed cases in the European Union/European Economic Area (EU/EEA). A semi-structured survey was developed and sent to 31 EU/EEA countries in February 2016, 30 responded. Twenty of these countries reported that they have specific surveillance systems for HEV infection. Applied specific case definition for HEV infection varied widely across countries. The number of reported cases has increased from 514 cases per year in 2005 to 5,617 in 2015, with most infections being locally acquired. This increase could not be explained by additional countries implementing surveillance for HEV infections over time. Hospitalisations increased from less than 100 in 2005 to more than 1,100 in 2015 and 28 fatal cases were reported over the study period. EU/EEA countries are at different stages in their surveillance, testing schemes and policy response to the emergence of HEV infection in humans. The available data demonstrated a Europe-wide increase in cases. Standardised case definitions and testing policies would allow a better understanding of the epidemiology of HEV as an emerging cause of liver-related morbidity.
Dot map cartograms for detection of infectious disease outbreaks: an application to Q fever, the Netherlands and pertussis, Germany
Authors: Soetens Loes , Hahné Susan , Wallinga Jacco
Published: July 2017

Geographical mapping of infectious diseases is an important tool for detecting and characterising outbreaks. Two common mapping methods, dot maps and incidence maps, have important shortcomings. The former does not represent population density and can compromise case privacy, and the latter relies on pre-defined administrative boundaries. We propose a method that overcomes these limitations: dot map cartograms. These create a point pattern of cases while reshaping spatial units, such that spatial area becomes proportional to population size. We compared these dot map cartograms with standard dot maps and incidence maps on four criteria, using two example datasets. Dot map cartograms were able to illustrate both incidence and absolute numbers of cases (criterion 1): they revealed potential source locations (Q fever, the Netherlands) and clusters with high incidence (pertussis, Germany). Unlike incidence maps, they were insensitive to choices regarding spatial scale (criterion 2). Dot map cartograms ensured the privacy of cases (criterion 3) by spatial distortion; however, this occurred at the expense of recognition of locations (criterion 4). We demonstrate that dot map cartograms are a valuable method for detection and visualisation of infectious disease outbreaks, which facilitates informed and appropriate actions by public health professionals, to investigate and control outbreaks.
Co-circulation of multiple subtypes of enterovirus A71 (EV- A71) genotype C, including novel recombinants characterised by use of whole genome sequencing (WGS), Denmark 2016
Authors: Midgley Sofie E , Nielsen Astrid G , Trebbien Ramona , Poulsen Mille W. , Andersen Peter H , Fischer Thea K
Published: July 2017

In Europe, enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) has primarily been associated with sporadic cases of neurological disease. The recent emergence of new genotypes and larger outbreaks with severely ill patients demonstrates a potential for the spread of new, highly pathogenic EV-A71 strains. Detection and characterisation of these new emerging EV variants is challenging as standard EV assays may not be adequate, necessitating the use of whole genome analysis.
Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species in the Development of Pulmonary Hypertension
Authors: Fulton David , Li Xueyi , Bordan Zsuzsanna , Haigh Stephen , Bentley Austin , Chen Feng , Barman Scott
Published: July 2017

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease of the lung vasculature that involves the loss of endothelial function together with inappropriate smooth muscle cell growth, inflammation, and fibrosis. These changes underlie a progressive remodeling of blood vessels that alters flow and increases pulmonary blood pressure. Elevated pressures in the pulmonary artery imparts a chronic stress on the right ventricle which undergoes compensatory hypertrophy but eventually fails. How PAH develops remains incompletely understood and evidence for the altered production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS, RNS respectively) in the pulmonary circulation has been well documented. There are many different types of ROS and RNS, multiple sources, and collective actions and interactions. This review summarizes past and current knowledge of the sources of ROS and RNS and how they may contribute to the loss of endothelial function and changes in smooth muscle proliferation in the pulmonary circulation.
Preparation of Titania on Stainless Steel by the Spray-ILGAR Technique as Active Photocatalyst under UV Light Irradiation for the Decomposition of Acetaldehyde
Authors: Chandren Sheela , Ismail Kamarulafizam , Nur Hadi , Ohtani Bunsho
Published: July 2017

One of the methods used to produce buffer layers for thin film solar cells is the Spray ion layer gas reaction (SPRAY-ILGAR). This method has exhibited astonishing efficiencies in the fabrication of homogenous compact metal chalcogenide films. The same approach can be applied in the preparation of photocatalyst on a substrate, in order to acquire a homogeneous and durable layer. In this work, the Spray-ILGAR technique has been utilized in the preparation of titania photocatalysts on stainless steel, which was carried out at Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin for Materials and Energy, in Berlin, Germany. The characterizations and photocatalytic testing of the synthesized materials were then done at the Institute of Catalysis, Hokkaido University. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the titania was dispersed uniformly on top of the stainless steel, with a very durable and strong attachment. It was also found that the concentration of the titania on stainless steel can be easily varied by changing the concentration of the titania-precursor solution. Higher concentrations will result in a more compact and dense layer, while lowering the concentration of the precursor solution produces a less dense layer of TiO2. Apart from that, different temperatures did not change the distribution of the samples much. The photocatalytic activity of the synthesized materials was determined in terms of the photocatalytic decomposition of acetaldehyde under ultra violet (UV) light irradiation. The photocatalytic testing results proved that the samples can completely degrade acetaldehyde under UV irradiation. The heating temperature played a crucial role, as the sample prepared by with heating temperature of 550 °C, concentration of titania-precursor of 6.83 mM and a spraying time of 12 min showed the best results, requiring only 35 min to fully degrade 500 ppm of acetaldehyde.
Localization of Fibrinogen in the Vasculo-Astrocyte Interface after Cortical Contusion Injury in Mice
Authors: Muradashvili Nino , Tyagi Suresh , Lominadze David
Published: July 2017

Besides causing neuronal damage, traumatic brain injury (TBI) is involved in memory reduction, which can be a result of alterations in vasculo-neuronal interactions. Inflammation following TBI is involved in elevation of blood content of fibrinogen (Fg), which is known to enhance cerebrovascular permeability, and thus, enhance its deposition in extravascular space. However, the localization of Fg in the extravascular space and its possible interaction with nonvascular cells are not clear. The localization of Fg deposition in the extravascular space was defined in brain samples of mice after cortical contusion injury (CCI) and sham-operation (control) using immunohistochemistry and laser-scanning confocal microscopy. Memory changes were assessed with new object recognition and Y-maze tests. Data showed a greater deposition of Fg in the vascular and astrocyte endfeet interface in mice with CCI than in control animals. This effect was accompanied by enhanced neuronal degeneration and reduction in short-term memory in mice with CCI. Thus, our results suggest that CCI induces increased deposition of Fg in the vasculo-astrocyte interface, and is accompanied by neuronal degeneration, which may result in reduction of short-term memory.
The Effect of Deposition Parameters on the Growth Rate of Microcrystalline Diamond Powders Synthesized by HFCVD Method
Authors: Zhang Tao , Zou Ye
Published: July 2017

Conventional diamond powders (<10 μm) are generally produced from crushing large-sized diamonds synthesized by high-pressure and high-temperature (HPHT) technique, whereas they have many morphological imperfections. In the present work, these powders are served as diamond seeds and regrown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD). Deposition parameters—such as the carbon concentration, substrate temperature, and bias current—which play a determined role in the homoepitaxial growth rate of micron diamonds, are investigated in their respective usual ranges. As shown in the experimental results, under the preconditions of maintaining the good morphology of crystals and inhibiting polycrystal growth, the growth rate of isolated diamond crystals can be controlled at 0.9 μm/h. Besides, the final improved powders have a wide range of particle sizes, which could fail to meet the requirements for commercial powders without the post-process of sieving.