bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Kinematic analysis of the equine mastication cycle pre and post prophylactic dental treatment
Authors: Johnson Claire , Williams Jane M , Nankervis Kathryn
Published: May 2014

Background: The domestic horse is utilised as a companion or competition animal, subsequently many horses are exposed to management regimens which can limit mastication opportunities often resulting in the development of pathology requiring prophylactic dental treatment (routine floating). To date, limited research has undertaken evaluation of the efficacy of mastication pre and post floating. Aim: This study aimed to utilise kinematic analysis to measure changes within lateral excursion and power stroke duration as a result of routine floating to establish its influence on the mastication cycle. Methods: Six horses presenting with sharp buccal and lingual points were charted by a qualified equine dental technician and then underwent kinematic analysis of mastication (Qualysis ProReflex) on Day 0. Prophylactic dental treatment was conducted on Day 1 and kinematic evaluation was repeated on Day 8. Results: No differences were found pre to post floating for the duration of the power stroke or lateral excursion. However, distances travelled during both the power stroke and lateral excursion exhibited significant differences between treatments. The horse appears to exhibit a 'natural' frequency for components of mastication including the durations of the cycle, power stroke and lateral excursion. Increases in distance travelled could facilitate attrition over a larger surface area of the cheek teeth thus improving the efficiency of the mastication cycle. Conclusion: Prophylactic dentistry appears to produce initial enhancement of the 'power' component of the mastication cycle which should exert a positive influence on attrition and thus improve welfare in the horse. Further research to evaluate the longitudinal impact of prophylactic dentistry is warranted.
Just ordinary, everyday parasites...
Authors: Yeadon Laura
Published: May 2014

Controlling parasites in pets can be a tedious and uninspiring task for many veterinary professionals, however a parasite infection is the last thing that a pet owners will want to deal with. There are a plethora of parasite treatments and control resources available --but the question is 'what is appropriate in what situation?'
How to nurse the ageing small animal inpatient part 2 — ageing effects on body systems
Authors: Kerrigan Lynne
Published: May 2014

Ageing in animals is associated with gradual deterioration in the delicate interrelationships among the body systems, which predisposes them to acquired disease. A common characteristic of ageing body systems is progressive and irreversible change. Such change may be hastened by disease, malnutrition, genetics, reduction in exercise, stress and the environment. Knowledge of the common pathologic changes associated with age and their effect on body function enables the veterinary nurse to implement specific nursing care for the ageing inpatient.
Management of canine cognitive dysfunction syndrome
Authors: Kerrigan Lynne
Published: May 2014

As animals age, behaviour changes may be the first indication of declining health and welfare. This is especially true for some of the more common problems associated with ageing, such as pain, sensory decline and cognitive dysfunction syndrome (CDS). Cognitive dysfunction syndrome is the term used to describe the behavioural changes and learning and memory impairment seen secondary to age-related degeneration of the brain. Using the recommendations highlighted within this article it may prove possible to reduce anxiety levels in dogs suffering from CDS as well as provide support for owners in dealing with this complex and often distressing disease of their ageing companion.
How to perform a skin scrape
Authors: Macfarlane Clara
Published: May 2014

A skin scrape is a fairly quick and simple diagnostic technique that all veterinary nurses should be able to perform competently. It is also an inexpensive diagnostic aid, that is easy to undertake, and if assessed in-house, can produce rapid results which permit prompt treatment of affected animals. Competency in these skills will improve management of skin cases and will free up valuable time for the veterinary surgeon to continue with a busy clinic.
How to select an appropriate wound dressing
Authors: Caldwell Felicity
Published: May 2014

Wound management forms a vital part of nursing practice. With such a vast variety of wound dressings available on the veterinary market, the registered veterinary nurse (RVN) should ensure they are familiar with the function and purpose of the dressings they are applying to their patients. Over recent years, wound care has advanced with the introduction of dressings with anti-microbial properties along with an improved understanding of the science behind wound dressings. This article aims to provide the RVN with a basic knowledge of the different varieties of wound dressings available for our veterinary patients, along with a brief overview of their main functions and applications.
Utilização de aves silvestres por moradores do município de Fagundes, Semiárido paraibano: uma abordagem etno-ornitológica
Authors: Nobrega Veruska Asevedo , Barbosa José Aécio Alves , Nóbrega Alves Rômulo Romeu
Published: May 2014

Desde os primórdios da humanidade, as aves estiveram associadas aos seres humanos numa relação que envolveuso, domínio e admiração. Muitas espécies de aves são utilizadas como animais de estimação ou ornamentais, seja por suabeleza visual ou por suas habilidades de canto. Este trabalho teve por objetivo conhecer as interações existentes entre osmoradores e as aves silvestres em áreas rurais no município de Fagundes, Semiárido paraibano, buscando identificar ecaracterizar o contexto socioeconômico, cultural e ambiental em que ocorrem tais usos. As informações foram obtidasatravés de entrevistas livres e questionários semiestruturados aplicados a 56 moradores locais. Os entrevistados citaram53 espécies de aves utilizadas para as mais diversas finalidades, sobretudo para uso alimentar ou como animais deestimação. Este resultado reflete o fato de que as aves são utilizadas como meio de subsistência e constituem um recursonatural de grande importância para a cultura e economia dos moradores locais. As espécies mais citadas pelos entrevistadosforam: rolinha-picui (Columbina picui), ribaçã (Zenaida auriculata), rolinha-cambuta (Columbina minuta), lambu-do-péroxo(Crypturellus tataupa) e galo-de-campina (Paroaria dominicana). Entre as espécies citadas, uma está presente emlista de espécies ameaçadas: pintassilgo (Sporagra yarrellii). Alguns entrevistados ainda observaram que espécies de avesque costumam ser capturadas estão cada vez mais escassas, o que sugere a redução das populações naturais das mesmas.Nesse sentido, é importante compreender o contexto no qual ocorrem os diversos usos da avifauna e fatores socioculturaiscomo forma de estabelecer planos de manejo associados ao uso sustentável desse recurso.
Novos registros de Orchidaceae para o Nordeste brasileiro: Acianthera tricarinata e Cyclopogon variegatus
Authors: Azevedo Cecília Oliveira de , Marinho Lucas Cardoso
Published: May 2014

Acianthera tricarinata and Cyclopogon variegatus were recently collected in the Bahia State, in the municipalities of Barra do Choça and Vitória da Conquista, respectively, extending their distribution to the Northeast Brazil.
Sor Juana Inés de La Cruz y el barroco novohispano a través de los modelos narrativos de la ficción histórica y del boom hispánico femenino
Authors: Madrid Moctezuma Paola
Published: May 2014

Este artículo estudia la figura de sor Juana Inés de la Cruz y su época, a partir del análisis de la reciente novela de Mónica Lavín titulada Yo, la peor (2009), a la luz de algunos postulados de la nueva novela histórica y del llamado tardío boom hispánico femenino.
Género, convento y escritura: la poesía de Sor Leonor de Ovando en el Caribe colonial
Authors: Marrero-Fente Raúl
Published: May 2014

En este ensayo propongo una nueva lectura de la obra de Sor Leonor de Ovando para entender su importancia en la cultura del Caribe colonial. La tesis principal de mi trabajo es que la lectura antológica, que en su momento fue una labor de rescate, convirtió la figura y la obra de la monja en un tópico anacrónico. En mi opinión, hay que comparar los poemas de Eugenio de Salazar y de Leonor de Ovando para ofrecer una valoración que preste atención a los aspectos más novedosos de la poesía de Sor Leonor de Ovando.
Una plaga de romances: el impacto de la muerte de Federico García Lorca en la poesía chilena
Authors: Barchino Pérez Matías , Binns Niall
Published: May 2014

El artículo examina el impacto que tuvo la muerte de Federico García Lorca en los campos literarios de toda Hispanoamérica, aunque se centra específicamente en el caso chileno. La conocida amistad entre Lorca y Neruda y la labor divulgativa de María Zambrano después de su llegada a Chile en octubre de 1936 fueron determinantes en la consagración de la figura de Lorca como poeta y como el gran mártir literario de la guerra civil española. En el contexto de un país muy afectado por los acontecimientos españoles, se organizaron y se publicaron numerosos homenajes poéticos a Lorca y surgió una entusiasta revitalización del romance, inspirado por el Romancero de la Guerra Civil pero sobre todo por el Romancero gitano del granadino. Se estudia, con particular atención, la presencia de Lorca en la antología Madre España. Homenaje de los poetas chilenos y en la obra de Oscar Castro, Nicanor Parra y Gonzalo Rojas.
José María Arguedas, poeta y mitógrafo
Authors: López Baralt Mercedes
Published: May 2014

Hace unos años, y con su sabiduría habitual, Ernesto Sábato sentenció que «todos los filósofos y artistas, siempre que han querido alcanzar el absoluto, debieron recurrir a alguna forma del mito o de la poesía». José María Arguedas, heredero indiscutible del legado bicultural del Inca Garcilaso, es uno de ellos (de ahí que ambos sean los dos escritores emblemáticos del Perú). Hombre-puente entre dos culturas, dos lenguas y dos disciplinas (la andina y la occidental, el quechua y el castellano, la etnología y la literatura), el autor de Los ríos profundos es, ante todo, un poeta que, inmerso en la tradición oral del mundo andino, reescribe sus antiguos mitos para iluminar la peruanidad contemporánea. Examinaremos de cerca en este ensayo el rostro bifronte de Arguedas (poeta y mitógrafo) a partir del comentario textual de pasajes significativos de los diversos géneros que configuran su obra.
The Dogs of CA-SRI-2: Osteometry of Canis familiaris from Santa Rosa Island, California
Authors: Hofman Courtney , Rick Torben
Published: May 2014

Domesticated dogs (Canis familiaris) are an important human companion around the world and have long been a focus of archaeological research. Osteometric analysis of six dogs from a Late Holocene Chumash village on Santa Rosa Island, California indicates that adults, juvenile/young adults, and a puppy were present. Similar to dogs on other Channel Islands, these dogs fall into the large Indian dog category, standing some 43-54 cm tall, with mesaticephalic or mild brachycephalic facial characteristics. No cutmarks were found on the bones, but one of the mandibles was burned. The CA-SRI-2 dogs appear to have eaten high trophic marine foods similar to what humans consumed, documenting the close bond between dogs and humans on the Channel Islands and broader North American Pacific Coast.
Questioning the “Regulatory Approach” to Large-Scale Agricultural Land Transfers in Ethiopia: A Legal Pluralistic Perspective
Authors: Mulleta Fantu F. , Merlet Pierre , Bastiaensen Johan
Published: May 2014

Until now, most policy recommendations put forward to deal with the possible negative impacts of large-scale land acquisitions are either directed towards the legal recognition and formalization of land rights in order to secure the rights of historical land holders or the design and implementation of “voluntary” guidelines and codes of conduct that promote positive development outcomes of large-scale land investments. This paper argues that these types of recommendations tend to depoliticize the debate around access to land and natural resources, whether at local, national and international levels. This paper looks to bring this political dimension back by proposing an analytical framework in line with the legal pluralist tradition. From a legal pluralistic analysis of the process of land deals in Ethiopia, this paper finds out that socio-cultural identity and power structures, rather than market and regulatory failure alone, play a fundamental role in redirecting negotiations and determining losers and winners from such deals. With the above finding, this paper finally suggests that blueprint international standards or investment regulatory measures cannot be used as a panacea and that solutions need to be more profound than such conventional approach.
Output Characteristics of a Circular Cone Type Graphite Cathode for Al-Cl2 Fuel Cells in AlCl3-EMIC Ionic Liquid
Authors: Nunomura Junji , Ueda Mikito , Ohtsuka Toshiaki
Published: May 2014

To improve the reduction efficiency of chlorine electrodes in
aluminum-chlorine cells, this reports a circular cone type graphite
cathode, with an electrochemical cell consisting of an aluminum anode
and the graphite cathode evaluated in EMIC-AlCl3 ionic liquid.

The current density in the circular cone type cathodes with different
cone angles exhibited a maximum value at 40○, and the
current density at cell voltage of 0.5 V was about
25 mA cm
–2. This value is about 80% larger
than that of a cylindrical type graphite cathode. In a circular cone
type cathode with a 40○ angle, the maximum power density
recorded was 15.3 mW cm
–2.
Industry structure and innovation in the U.K. defense sector
Authors: Hall Peter , James Andrew
Published: May 2014

The defense industry in the United Kingdom has experienced significant structural change since the end of the cold war. Consolidation has occurred and overseas suppliers have entered while some domestic prime contractors have exited. The implications of consolidation for innovation have been studied in the U.S. environment but much less so in the case of Britain. In this article we report briefly on the changes to structure and review the theory and empirical evidence that suggests how such change might be related to innovation. Firms' own-financed R&D in the British defense industry is proposed as a useful indicator of innovation activity and is observed to have fallen sharply. Possible explanations are sought in the recently-revived inverted-U hypothesis linking competition to innovation, and in government demand fluctuations and British defense procurement reforms. The authors caution against government taking policy action to influence industry structure until more and better data are available to analyze the potential consequences. Investigating in-contract incentives to encourage industry innovation are recommended as a possible alternative.
Symposium on the economics of conflict: Theory and micro-level evidence
Authors: Verwimp Philip
Published: May 2014

This brief article introduces the four articles in the symposium.
War and exchange rate valuation
Authors: Warburton Christopher E.S.
Published: May 2014

This article investigates the extent to which the dominance of the United States dollar as an international currency has been contingent on American diplomacy rather than the prosecution of expensive wars. Four wars are examined, the Korean war (1950-1953), the Vietnam war (1964-1975), the Persian Gulf war (1990-1991), and the Iraq war (2003-present). The historical performance of the dollar is examined in times of war and peace, and the Box-Jenkins forecasting algorithm is employed to make a short-term projection of the dollar coinciding with the Iraq war. The price of gold is used as a measure of the value of the U.S. dollar and investor confidence in the dollar during times of war and peace. The empirical evidence shows a short-term depreciation of the U.S. dollar coinciding with the Iraq war, which is not atypical of the value of the U.S. dollar in a time of war. Problems with the value of the U.S. dollar in times of war lead to the exploration of alternative forms of money, which if very successful, can erode the continued dominance of the U.S. dollar as an international currency.
Economics of intolerance and social conflict
Authors: Gangopadhyay Partha
Published: May 2014

An important consensus today is that intolerance and social conflict have a substantial economic dimension. This article models a person's "returns" to acts of intolerance in terms of social approval or disapproval that this person's peer-group may offer. It is found that high levels of intolerance may persist (that is, society is “in equilibrium") even as this imposes economic costs.
Technology and Taxidermy of Two Nacreous Zoomorphic Pendants from Tula, Hidalgo
Authors: Maldonado Norma Valentín , Solís Ciriaco Reyna B.
Published: May 2014

During an archaeological rescue on Tula’s southwestern urban settlement, two zoomorphic pendants made of the nacreous bivalve Pinctada mazatlanica were found. Such elements belong to a residential compound dedicated to the production of prestige goods for the elite at the Toltec capital.

The importance of these objects analysis lies on the fact that both are on-site taxidermy renderings of two canines. This essay main purpose is to identify the biological zoomorphic renderings and its character, since it’s possible that the samples were not living animals but a depiction of their hides. This research will also analyze the manufacturing technology of these pendants using experimental archaeology, Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy, which indicate a local production controlled by the ruling class.
Potential Uses of Administrative Records for Triple System Modeling for Estimation of Census Coverage Error in 2020
Authors: Griffin Richard A.
Published: May 2014

Heterogeneity in capture probabilities is known to produce bias in the dual system estimates that have been used to estimate census coverage in U.S. Censuses since 1980. Triple system estimation using an administrative records list as a third source along with the census and coverage measurement survey has the potential to produce estimates with less bias. This is particularly important for hard-to-reach populations.

The article presents potential statistical methods for the estimation of net census undercount using three systems for obtaining population information: (1) a decennial census; (2) an independent enumeration of the population in a sample of block clusters; and (3) administrative records. The 2010 Census Match Study will create census-like files for the entire nation using federal and commercial sources of administrative records. The 2010 Census Coverage Measurement Survey is an enumeration in a sample of block clusters that is independent of the 2010 decennial Census.
New Flavanol and Cycloartane Glucosides from Landoltia punctata
Authors: Wang Nini , Xu Guobo , Fang Yang , Yang Tao , Zhao Hai , Li Guoyou
Published: May 2014

Chemical investigation on the constituents of Landoltia punctata led to the isolation and identification of 17 compounds, four of which were new and identified as (3b,24S)-9,19-cycloartane-3,22,24,25-tetraol 3-O-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside (1), (3b,24S)-9,19-cycloartane-3,24,25-triol 3-O-[b-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→2)]-[b-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)]-b-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3,4'-dihydroxy-7,3'-dimethoxyflavan-5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 3,4'-dihydroxy-4,7,3'-trimethoxyflavan-5-O-b-D-glucopyranoside (4). Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic, chemical, and biochemical methods. Thus, cycloartane triterpenoids were discovered in the Lemnaceae family for the first time. Compound 3 showed antioxidant capacity in the positively charged 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS+•) and superoxide anion radical scavenging assays.
Greek Construction Project Managers' Cognitive Abilities, Personality and Knowledge
Authors: Aretoulis Georgios N. , Triantafyllidis Christoforos H.
Published: May 2014

The tasks performed by a project manager are of special importance to the well being and economic prosperity of construction companies. This paper is aiming at defining the Greek project managers' dominant cognitive abilities, personality characteristics, skills and knowledge. An effort is made to identify available attributes associated with successful management performance and career development. The survey was conducted based on a structured questionnaire. The effort led to 102 responses, originating from engineers and construction professionals, throughout the Greek Construction Industry, including Public-Work Authorities. The questionnaire was based on international management literature and interviews. The study discusses the results of the survey and provides a comparison with those attributes identified in the international literature and correlates the participants' profile with their responses.
A Fully Coupled Scheme for Viscous Flows in Regular and Irregular Domains Using Compact Integrated RBF Approximation
Authors: Tien C.M.T. , Thai-Quang N. , Mai-Duy N. , Tran C. D. , Tran-Cong T.
Published: May 2014

In this study, we present a numerical discretisation scheme, based on a fully coupled approach and compact local integrated radial basis function (CIRBF) approximations, to solve the Navier-Stokes equation in rectangular/non-rectangular domains. The velocity and pressure fields are simulated in a fully coupled manner [1] with Cartesian grids. The field variables are locally approximated in each direction by using CIRBF approximations defined over 3-node stencils, where nodal values of the first-and second-order derivatives of the field variables are also included [2, 3]. The present scheme, whose system matrix is sparse, is verified through the solutions of several test problems including Taylor-Green vortices. Highly accurate solutions are obtained.
Three-Dimensional Direct Numerical Simulation of Unsteady Transitional Round Fountains in a Homogeneous Fluid
Authors: Lin Wen Xian , Liu Tao , Gao Wen Feng , Armfield Steven W.
Published: May 2014

Fountains are common both in nature and in industrial and environmental settings. These are jet flows with a negative buoyancy force acting in the direction opposite to the jet direction. The onset of asymmetry and unsteadiness, which occurs in transitional fountains with intermediate Reynolds (Re) and Froude (Fr) numbers, is the key to shed light on the turbulence generation mechanism in fountains. In this study, a series of three-dimensional direct numerical simulations are carried out for transitional round fountains with Re and Fr in the ranges of 1 ≤ Fr ≤ 8, 50 ≤ Re ≤ 500 to reveal their unsteady flow dynamics, in particular the onset of asymmetry, three-dimensionality, and unsteadiness. The numerical results show that the onset of asymmetry and unsteadiness can be detected and quantified by the tangent velocity on the interfacial surface between the fountain fluid and the ambient fluid. The results also demonstrate that a critical Re is at about 165 for Fr =2 fountains and is reduced to about 65 for Fr =3 fountains. Similarly, a critical Fr exists between 2 and 3 for the Re = 100 fountains, whereas for Re = 200 fountains it reduces to be between 1.8 and 2.
Transient Analysis of Rising Bubble Using Image Analysis
Authors: Keshavarzi Gholamreza , Pawell Ryan S. , Barber Tracie J.
Published: May 2014

Image analysis can play an important role in the validation and analysis of computational studies. Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) compared to experiments, has the advantage of detailed information analysis across the domain of interest. However, with detailed image analysis not only better detailed information can be extracted from experimental results, but also numerical methods and CFD can benefit from better detailed post processing information. In this paper, we show how image analysis may be applied to CFD data to better understand the results. More specifically, we simulate the transient behaviour of a 9 mm bubble rising in a 20 mm wide flow cell and extract the precise kinematics and characteristics of the bubble using image analysis. In order to better understand the kinematics of the bubble, we extract and plot the transient position and shape characteristics of the bubble. These parameters provide detailed comparison and analysis of the ability and differences of the interface capturing methods. This leads to better understanding of the applicability and accuracy of these models for various applications.
Novel Wing Box Design
Authors: El Tom Joy Della , Vio Gareth A.
Published: May 2014

Composite materials offer the possibility to tailor a structure to have the desired stiffness distribution. Current aircraft design is yet to fully utilise and exploit these capabilities to improve an aircraft’s performance. In this study, a typical wing box structure is optimised with the aim of achieving a set of target aeroelastic parameters, while minimizing the mass. Focus is given to the model parameterisation to reduce the number of optimisation variables. A number of design variables will be considered and conclusions are drawn based on performance gains. Keywords: Optimisation, Aeroelasticity, Composites, NURBS.
Using Two-Way Fluid-Structure Interaction to Study the Collapse of the Upper Airway of OSA Patients
Authors: Zhao Mo Yin , Barber Tracie J. , Cistulli Peter A. , Sutherland Kate , Rosengarten Gary
Published: May 2014

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a common sleep disorder characterized by repetitive collapse of the upper airway (UA) during sleep. Treatment options for OSA include mandibular advancement splints (MAS), worn intra-orally to protrude the lower jaw to stabilize the airway. However not all patients will respond to MAS therapy and individual effects on the upper airway are not well understood. Simulations of airway behavior represent a non-invasive means to understand this disorder and treatment responses in individual patients. The aims of this study was to perform analysis of upper airway (UA) occlusion and flow dynamics in OSA using the fluid structure interaction (FSI) method, and secondly to observe changes associated with MAS usage. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans were obtained with and without mandibular advance splint (MAS) treatment in a patient known to be a treatment responder. Computational models of the anatomically correct UA geometry were reconstructed for both pre-and post-treatment (MAS) conditions. By comparing the simulation results, the treatment success of MAS was demonstrated by smaller UA structure deformation (maximum 2mm) post-treatment relative to the pre-treatment fully collapsed (maximum 6mm) counterpart. The UA collapse was located at the oropharynx and the low oropharyngeal pressure (-51 Pa to-39 Pa) was induced by the velopharyngeal jet flow (maximum 10 m/s). The results support previous OSA computational fluid dynamics (CFD) studies by indicating similar UA pressure drop and maximum velocity values. These findings lay a firm platform for the application of computational models for the study of the biomechanical properties of the upper airway in the pathogenesis and treatment of OSA.
Mechanics of Microfilaments Networks: A Cross-Scales Study
Authors: Li Tong , Gu Yuan Tong , Zhang Bao Cheng
Published: May 2014

The mechanical properties of microfilament networks are systematically summarized at different special scales in this paper. We have presented the mechanical models of single microfilaments and microfilament networks at microscale. By adopting a coarse-grained simulation strategy, the mechanical stability of microfilaments related cellular structures are analysed. Structural analysis is conducted to microfilament networks to understand the stress relaxation under compression. The nanoscale molecular mechanisms of the microfilaments deformation is also summarized from the viewpoint of molecular dynamics simulation. This paper provides the fundaments of multiscale modelling framework for the mechanical behaviours simulation of hierarchical microfilament networks.
Solid and Fluid Simulations of Vertebral Artery Stenosis Treated with Stents with Different Shapes of Link
Authors: Qiao Ai Ke , Zhang Zhan Zhu
Published: May 2014

To investigate the effect of endovascular stents with different links on treating stenotic vertebral artery. Three kinds of stent with different links (L-stent, V-stent and S-stent respectively) and idealized stenotic vertebral artery were established. The deployment procedure of stent in the stenotic artery and hemodynamics based on the deformed models were simulated. S-stent comparatively features better flexibility the smallest foreshortening, inducing smaller stress in the stent strut, as well as smaller stress generated in the arterial wall; L-stent comparatively causes smaller area of low wall shear stress, less blood stagnation area and better blood flow close to the artery wall. From the view point of combination of solid mechanics and hemodynamics, S-stent has better therapeutic effect because of its lower potential possibility of inducing ISR, and better prospects in clinical application than L-stent and V-stent.
Senile Coconut Palm Hierarchical Structure as Foundation for Biomimetic Applications
Authors: Gonzalez O.M. , Gilbert Benoit P. , Bailleres H. , Guan Hong
Published: May 2014

Superior to hardwood and softwood trees, coconut palms are able to withstand extreme weather conditions without failure. Previous studies have shown that the internal structure of coconut palm stems significantly differs from hardwood, softwood and even other palm stems, in terms of fibre orientation and density distribution, likely influencing the mechanical characteristics of the tree. This paper aims at quantifying the cocowood hierarchical structure at an integral level (stem structure). To achieved this, quantitative analysis of more than 40 senile coconut palms from Fiji and Samoa has been carried out. This paper defines and analyses the typical cocowood morphology (form-structure) in terms of such factors as characteristic radius, fibrovascular bundles orientation and density distribution. For the first time, the characteristic triple helix configuration traced out by the fibrovascular bundles within the cocowood structure is modelled for the whole coconut stem. Specific equations are proposed to determine these factors at any given position in the tree. Knowledge advanced from this study will provide a scientific basis for future cocowood biomechanics research, including finite element modelling and analysis for biomimetic engineering applications.
Effect of Pressure on Dry and Hydrated Self Assembled Monolayers: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Ramin Leyla , Jabbarzadeh Ahmad
Published: May 2014

Molecular dynamics simulation was used to study the effect of pressure on self-assembled monolayers (SAM) of n-alkanethiols [(CH3(CH2) n-1, n=14, 15] on Au (111) for dry systems and in the presence of water. The stress-strain behavior and effects of compression on structural characteristics under various normal pressures have been investigated. We found the effect of compression on tilt and tilt orientation angles for dry and hydrated SAM system. Furthermore, a comparison of the results obtained for tilt and tilt orientation angles for hydrated C14 and C15 indicates a more stable structure for C15 (an odd system) under high pressures. We also found excellent elastic recovery of SAM monolayers with and without water is evidence of their exceptional potential to be used under compression in various conditions. Young’s moduli are calculated for various systems under uniaxial compression.
Coupled Two Component Fluid Flow in Deformable Porous Media – Towards a Numerical Model for Geological Carbon Storage
Authors: Lincoln D.L. , Bennett Terry
Published: May 2014

Carbon Sequestration by CO2 storage into deep geological formations is a short to mid-term component for mitigatingclimate change while maintaining the stability of the world’s energy systems. This storage procedure will result in a seriesof coupled physical and chemical processes within the geological formation, which may critically affect its integrityas a storage medium. This work presents the development of a finite element model, which is to collaboratively aiddesign, monitoring and risk assessment. The current emphasis of the model development is on ensuring that the inducedgeomechanical behaviour is acceptable within a given reservoir-caprock system. It is a Biot-type model, whereby theinteractions of the flow of the fluids and the mechanical behaviour of the porous media are fully coupled. The governingequations are outlined and solved using numerical methods. For assessment, a simplified benchmark storage scenario ismodelled with realistic parametrisation.
Cavity Expansion in Soil of Finite Radial Extent
Authors: Pournaghiazar Mohammad , Russell Adrian R. , Khalili Nasser
Published: May 2014

The problem of drained cavity expansion in a soil of finite radial extent is investigated. Spherical cavities expanded from zero radius subjected to a constant stress condition at the finite boundary are considered. The new analytical solution procedure presented enables more advanced constitutive models to be implemented than possible than when using other solution procedures. Cavity expansion results generated for a Sydney quartz sand highlight substantial differences between cavity limit pressures for boundaries of finite and infinite radial extent.
Impact of the Piston Secondary Motion on its Slap Force
Authors: Zhang Bao Cheng , Li Tong , Zhan Hai Fei , Gu Yuan Tong
Published: May 2014

A theoretical model is developed for the analysis of piston secondary motion. Based on this model, the slap force of a specific L6 diesel engine was compared when considering different boundary conditions, such as lubricating oil on cylinder liner, surface roughness, deformation of cylinder liner and piston skirt. It is concluded that it is necessary to consider the secondary motion of piston in the analysis of the inner excitation for an internal combustion engine. A more comprehensive consideration of the boundary condition (i.e., more close to the actual condition) will lead to a smaller maximum slap force, and among all boundary conditions considered in this paper, the structural deformation of the piston skirt and cylinder liner is the most influential factor. The theoretical model developed and findings obtained in this study will benefit the future analysis and design of advanced internal combustion engine structures.
Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) for Shear Deformable Stiffened Sections
Authors: Taig Gerard , Ranzi Gianluca
Published: May 2014

A Generalised Beam Theory (GBT) formulation is presented to analyse the structural behaviour of shear deformable thin-walled members with partially stiffened cross-sections located at arbitrary locations along their length. The deformation modes used in the formulation are taken as the dynamic eigenmodes of a planar frame representing the unstiffened cross-section. Constraint equations are derived and implemented in the GBT member analysis to model the influence of rigid stiffeners on the member response. The accuracy of the approach is validated against a shell finite element model developed in Abaqus. A numerical example describing the linear elastic behaviour of partially stiffened thin-walled member is provided to outline the usability and flexibility of the proposed method.
A Comparative Study on the Time-Dependent Analysis of Composite Beams Using Available Modelling Techniques
Authors: Vallati Osvaldo , Gara Fabrizio , Ranzi Gianluca , Leoni Graziano
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a comparison of available numerical structural formulations for the short-and long-term analysis of composite beams with partial shear interaction. Four methods of analysis are considered and these include the finite difference method, the finite element method, the direct stiffness method and the exact analytical model. The results obtained using these formulations are compared qualitatively and their accuracy is estimated, adopting the exact analytical model as a benchmark reference with the objective of establishing the minimum spatial discretisations required to keep the error within an acceptable tolerance. These comparisons are carried out for two static configurations, i.e. simply-supported beams and propped cantilevers, from which the qualitative behaviour of these formulations in the modelling of continuous beams can also be deduced.
Computational Analysis of Compressive Strain Hardening Exponents of Bimetal with Pearlitic Steel and Low Carbon Steel
Authors: Gao Xing Jian , Jiang Zheng Yi , Wei Dong Bin , Jiao Si Hai , Han Jing Tao
Published: May 2014

The compressive strain hardening behaviour of a novel bimetal with pearlitic steel and low carbon steel was investigated by computational analysis based on the isothermal compression tests in a wide range of deformation temperature and strain rate. The Hollomon’s equation was employed to calculate the strain hardening exponent (SHE) with the assistance of mathematical manipulation. The result shows that the logarithmic relationship between the flow stress and plastic strain of the bimetal is highly non-linear, which results in the variation of the SHE of the bimetal. This variation reflects the dynamic competition between the strain hardening and softening mechanism by the varying value of the SHE in the range of 0.4 to-0.4. Furthermore, the influences of deformation temperature and strain rate on the SHE are significant. With decreasing temperature and increasing strain rate, the strain hardening of the bimetal was enhanced, while the dynamic recrystallisation was activated under the opposite conditions with the evidence of negative SHE value.
Crack Propagation Modeling with Scaled Boundary Polygons
Authors: Ooi Ean Tat , Song Chong Min , Tin-Loi Francis
Published: May 2014

Crack propagation is modelled using scaled boundary polygons. The polygons discretise the computational domain and can be of any number of sides, leading to more flexible mesh generation. The scaled boundary finite element method is used to construct shape functions of the polygon elements. These shape functions form a partition of unity and are linearly complete. They can accurately model any kind of stress singularity without local mesh refinement or asymptotic enrichment functions. The scaled boundary shape functions enable the method to be further developed to model the response of heterogeneous and nonlinear materials. As the polygons can be of any number of sides, simple re-meshing algorithms can be devised to model crack propagation. Two numerical benchmarks are modeled to illustrate the salient features of the scaled boundary polygons.
Sensitivity of Stress Intensity Factors with Respect to the Crack Geometry by the Scaled Boundary Finite Element Method
Authors: Chowdhury Morsaleen Shehzad , Song Chong Ming , Gao Wei
Published: May 2014

The sensitivity of the stress intensity factors (SIFs) with respect to the crack geometry, shape sensitivity, plays an important role in the reliability analysis of cracked structures and many other fracture mechanics applications. This paper presents a numerical technique to evaluate the shape sensitivity using the scaled boundary finite element method. It combines the finite element formulations with the boundary element discretization. The crack surface remains meshless. The variation in crack geometry is modelled by applying direct differentiation with respect to the crack geometry, without remeshing. The sensitivity of the stress modes are not required for the calculation of the sensitivity of the SIFs. A numerical example demonstrates the efficiency, accuracy and simplicity of the technique.
Topology Optimisation of 3D Structures Using the Moving Iso-Surface Threshold Method
Authors: Vasista Srinivas , Tong Li Yong
Published: May 2014

This paper describes developments to the moving iso-surface threshold (MIST) topology optimisation method for 3D cases. With these developments, optimisation can be conducted in design domains featuring complex 3D geometry and meshed with tetrahedral and/or hexahedral finite elements. Benchmark examples demonstrate the functionality of the method and an example of an airliner seat leg structure shows how MIST can be used in an industrial application.
Buckling-Induced Retraction of Structured Spherical Shell under Pressure
Authors: Lin Sen , Zhou Shi Wei , Xie Mike , Huang Xiao Dong , Li Qing
Published: May 2014

This paper investigates the reversible retraction of a spherical perforated shell that is made from nonlinear soft material. The buckling and post-buckling simulation in Abaqus shows the skeleton ligaments of such a buckliball rotate in the beginning and buckle thereafter, resulting in the shrinkage and encapsulation of the whole structure in the final stage. We used dynamic-explicit method in the simulation and its superiority over others is verified by obtaining correct buckling patterns efficiently and stably.
Finite Element Analysis of Grab Crane’s Metal Construction
Authors: Liu Guang Kai , Liu Yan Jun , Jing Fang Jin , Liu Bin , Sun Huai Feng , Nie Li Chao
Published: May 2014

This paper aims at presenting a theoretical basis as well as a simulation data for both strength check of grab crane and amendment of dynamic load. It introduces the methods and results of conducting a finite element analysis on the metal construction of grab crane which was accomplished by using ANSYS Workbench. Firstly, a simplified model of the grab crane’s metal construction was established. In accordance to the different working conditions of the grab crane, static analysis, modal analysis and transient analysis were performed. The results of simulation showed that the main beam’s maximum deformation was 1.8mm and the maximum equivalent stress was 78.367MPa, the design of grab crane’s metal construction was feasible.
Effect of Vibration Amplitude on the Friction of the Point Contact
Authors: Lu Jian Dong , Li Lu Hai , Zhang Gai Mei
Published: May 2014

The interaction between vibration and friction exists widely in the mechanical system. In order to research the effect of the vibration amplitude on the contact point friction in the mechanical system, a new apparatus is developed independently to measure the point contact friction influenced by the changing amplitude. The data acquired through the apparatus show that the friction at the contact point decreases with increasing of the amplitude. In terms of theoretical analysis in this paper, the increasing of the amplitude actually reduces the contact area at the point. In addition, the friction at the contact point is proportional to the contact area. So, the friction decreases with the decreasing contact area caused by the increasing amplitude.
Extracting Parameter Matrix of Automotive Cable Harness
Authors: Gao Yin Han , Zhang Jun Dong , Wang Tian Hao , Yang Kai Yu , An Zhan Yang , Liu Yang
Published: May 2014

Convert Inhomogeneous media space into infinite homogeneous medium space with method of image charges, obtain the relations between Inhomogeneous media wire bound charge and free charge rely on electromagnetic theory and deduced analytical the model of parasitic capacitance per unit length of Inhomogeneous dielectric wire in insulation in automotive cable harness. Taking a car harness for example, analytical formulas and Ansys Q3D Extractor software were used to calculation and analysis harness unit length parameter matrix. Among them, the algorithm of Ansys Q3D Extractor software to calculate the parasitic of automotive cable harness is two-dimensional static finite element method, numerical methods belong.
Research on Expert System of Bearing Design
Authors: Qian Xue Ming , Duan Lan , Yi Chen Chen
Published: May 2014

In the design of machinery, Calculating and validating of bearings are exertive. Artificial Intelligence is the requirement of future design. This paper proposes a bearing expert system based on multiple reasoning, which highly improves the efficiency and quality of bearing design. The system and implementing method can be farther used in intelligent mechanical design.
Design of a Preventive Clearing Blocked System Using PLC Control
Authors: Zhang Xiang Lin
Published: May 2014

Film coating machine by way of spraying the coating solution onto the drug is in a continuous rolling surface. The tablet tends to produce tape smaller even if the spray flow blockage. Then the tablet will crack due to high temperature. Therefore, pharmaceutical tablet coating spray flow rate is a key factor affecting the quality. This article first proposes preventive clearing blocked in the pipeline but not blocking the upcoming clogged. Air purge starts immediately. PLC real-time acquisition is carried out by the pressure at both ends of the pipeline, the pipeline flow liquid contents, when the pressure is detected. The flow reaches a critical point obtained by BP network training, immediately starting the high-pressure air purge. The value of real-time detection uses PLC gun pipeline pressure, flow, etc. It combined weights of the neural element BP neural network model that was trained by the PLC programming. Gun pipe blockage and promptly started high pressure alarm air purge, preventive clearing blocked. Experiments show that preventive clearing blocked pipe blockage can promptly remove the gun.
Modeling of the Radiation Properties of Flow around the Hypersonic Aircrafts
Authors: Zhao Yang Sheng , Du Xiao Ping
Published: May 2014

To research the radiation properties of heat flow around the aircrafts’ surface in hypersonic flight, a fusion algorithm to calculate the radiation of flow around hypersonic aircrafts is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the algorithm use the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to calculate the basic aerodynamic parameters of the aircrafts which are inside boundary layer, such as pressure, density, etc. Subsequently, the model of the radiation of flow around aircrafts is built by using the engineering algorithm. Then, we can build the model of the radiation properties of heat flow around the surface of the aircrafts effectively. The result can reflect the distribution of the radiation of heat flow around surfaces of the aircrafts accurately, and provide data support to study its optical detection and thermal protection.
Energy Management System Optimal Strategy for Pure Electric Vehicle Based on the Dynamic Programming
Authors: Dong Bing , Tian Yan Tao , Zhou Chang Jiu
Published: May 2014

This thesis puts forward one optimal adaptive fuzzy control method based on the pure electric vehicle energy management system of the fuzzy control which has been founded already. By adding an optimizing researching model based on the conventional fuzzy control strategy, the thesis can pick up the valuable control rules based on the dynamic programming theory and also can adjust the parameter of the fuzzy controller automatically according to the system operating. These can make the sum of the energy loss reduce to the min. The experiment points out that this method makes the vehicle possess good economic performance in the same driving cycle.
Design of Resistance Touch Screen Based on S3C6410 Embedded System
Authors: Wang Ying , Ge Ri Bo , Li Mei Hua
Published: May 2014

This design uses Samsung ARM11 S3C6410 microprocessor and 4 wires resistive touch screen as the hardware foundation. Based on the hardware structure, the touch screen application is developed. System performance has been improved by means of the algorithm optimization of the sampled data and software filtration method, and lead to a strong practicability. In the end, three-point calibration algorithm is introduced for the offset problem of the screen coordinates, then the calibration matrix is decided by the selection of three-point, and then using software implementation to realize the calibration of point-to-point mapping relation, and finally make it more accurate in practical applications.