bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploration of Factors Influencing Nurse Competence Through Nursing Profile Analysis
Authors: Jing Weihua , Zhang Xianying , Chi Rongxiang , Sun Xiufang , Lv Shuguang
Published: November 2019

Background:

Nurse competence is a combination of knowledge, performance, skills, and attitudes that are required in fulfilling one's role as a nurse. So far, few comprehensive studies have explored the influencing factors of nurse competence.

Method:

The competence levels of 160 RNs in a Chinese hospital were evaluated using a questionnaire method, and the relationship between competence results and nursing characteristics was analyzed.

Results:

The competence of participating nurses was at a medium level. Among all the characteristics, education and staffing levels were two main factors influencing nurse competence.

Conclusion:

Quantity of nurses and quality of nursing service are two main issues facing the modern nursing system. The findings from this study provide useful information and suggestions on how to improve nurse competence to nurse industry personnel, including nurses, nursing employers, educators, and students.

[
J Contin Educ Nurs
. 2019;50(12):572–580.]
Affirming At Risk Minorities for Success ARMS Retention Graduation and Success on the NCLEX-RN
Authors: Sutherland Judith A. , Hamilton Mary Jane , Goodman Nancy
Published: November 2019

Increasing ethnic and racial diversity in the U.S. population combined with inadequate minority representation in the nursing profession requires innovative strategies to recruit, retain, and graduate nurses from diverse ethnic and racial populations. Affirming At-Risk Minorities for Success (ARMS) was funded by a U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Basic Nurse Education and Practice Program grant. Participants (N = 64) were enrolled in a baccalaureate degree nursing program that has been predominantly White/Anglo and is located in the south-central region of the United States. Research objectives were to increase program retention, graduation rates, and success on the National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN®) for minority or educationally disadvantaged students through programmatic interventions, including mentoring and advising, tutoring, and educational seminars. The comparison group was non-ARMS students derived from a comprehensive database (N = 265). Results indicated that interventions positively affected graduation rates (measure of retention = 98%), significantly affected grades in the Leadership-Management capstone course, and eliminated the effects of ethnicity on NCLEX-RN success.
Hemifacial microsomia: skeletal abnormalities evaluation using CBCT (case report)
Authors: Kabak Sergey Lvovich , Savrasova Nina Alexandrovna , Zatochnaya Valentina Vladimirovna , Melnichenko Yuliya Michailovna
Published: November 2019

The article presents a case report and literature review of hemifacial microsomia with cervical vertebral anomalies. Unilateral hypoplasia of the mandible, congenital anomalies of the external ear and cervical spine pathology identified in this case are common major signs/symptoms of Goldenhar (Goldenhar-Gorlin) syndrome. Complete fusion of bodies and spinous processes of the second and third cervical vertebrae as well as atlantooccipital assimilation and anterior cleft of the atlas were also found. All abnormalities were accidentally identified and not accompanied by clinical symptoms.
Nietzsche, un apóstol Tomás entre jabalíes
Authors: Münzel Mark
Published: November 2019

En el siglo XVI los europeos reconocían en los mitos indígenas ciertos aspectos del cristianismo, lo que les parecía la prueba de que el apóstol Tomás había predicado en Sudamérica. En esta misma tradición de interpretatio romana, hoy algunos antropólogos reconocen a Nietzsche al escuchar los mitos indígenas. En la primera parte de este ensayo aporto un ejemplo del modo como prefiero interpretar dos textos indígenas: sobre la base de su contexto histórico no-europeo. Muestro las dificultades que existen para su digestión, puesto que su lectura es difícil si no son deformados para hacer su consumo más fácil, ya sea por los cristianos o por los nietzscheanos. En la segunda parte, describo el camino contrario: cómo se puede vencer lo extraño de un texto hasta que sea de acceso universal tan fácil de consumir como una hamburguesa. Es el proyecto de un perspectivismo que, a pesar de llamarse indígena (amerindio en el Brasil), adopta una perspectiva, no tanto indígena sino nietzscheana, en un acercamiento fascistoide a Nietzsche. En la tercera parte, vuelvo a una explicación del texto indígena según los datos.
Diario de la desaparición mexicana. Entre el precedente y el exceso
Authors: Gatti Gabriel , Irazuzta Ignacio
Published: November 2019

Desde las experiencias del Cono Sur latinoamericano de los años setenta, la categoría de desaparición se ha consolidado como tipo jurídico en el derecho internacional y ha circulado transnacionalmente recalando en varios contextos locales de violencia diferentes a aquellos en los que surgió. En México lo hizo con un ímpetu notable a partir de la llamada Guerra contra el Narcotráfico. A partir de entonces, y sobre aquel precedente de consolidación internacional, acuden a esa categoría una amplia variedad de víctimas que esa guerra genera; también una notable cantidad de saberes y profesiones. Pero, en su definición institucionalizada como desaparición forzada, la categoría no alcanza para dar cuenta de las nuevas situaciones de desaparición, pues no todos los casos entran en el tipo de la desaparición forzada. Entre aquel precedente y este exceso, el artículo aborda la cuestión de la desaparición en el México contemporáneo, un fenómeno todavía efervescente, realmente muy activo. Lo hace sobre los propios materiales que el trabajo de campo ha generado y está generando ahora, dando forma a una etnografía a cuatro manos que recorre distintos escenarios del país donde la desaparición se está (re)definiendo.
Psychosocial Factor Evaluation in Metal-Mechanic Workers With Particular Reference to Mental Load
Authors: Gutierrez Julio Cesar Cano , Tiznado Jesús Everardo Olguín , Camargo Wilson Claudia , Barreras Juan Andrés López
Published: November 2019

The International Labour Organization (ILO) considers mental workload one of the most important psychosocial risk factors associated with the characteristics of the task and paramount in the metalworking industry. The objective was to analyze the levels of risk of the psychosocial factors that workers present, considering their physical, social, and mental environment, to respond to the Mexican Official Norm NOM-035-STPS and the ILO guidelines. The methodology consisted of applying to 125 workers a questionnaire of 74 items with 10 factors. The answers were assigned a score of 0 to 4 to later determine the risk level of each factor. The results revealed that the factors with the highest risk are working hours (93%), workload (71%), and lack of control over work (34%). It is concluded that the higher risk factors affect the mental workload of workers in the metalworking industry and associated with the characteristics of the tasks they perform.
Microbial Inactivation by Ultrasound in the Food Industry
Authors: Adal Eda
Published: November 2019

Pasteurization is the most common processing method for microbial and enzyme inactivation to preserve foods. With this method, foods are exposed to high temperatures and there are disadvantages for many products: thermal treatments cause modifications of sensory attributes (for instance: flavour, colour, nutritional qualities). Now, another method can replace pasteurization: microbial inactivation by ultrasounds. It is a new alternative technology of food processing also called sonication, and it can be used coupled with pressure and/or heat. These techniques inactivate microorganisms in foods. They are effective and energy efficient to kill them, making the techniques promising for the food industry. In this chapter, the method of microbial inactivation by ultrasounds was explained, after that the applications in food industry for instance in milk, orange juice, wastewater, and whole liquid eggs were well-defined, and finally, the advantages, disadvantages, and the limitations of this method were examined.
Splenic Red Pulp Macrophages Cross-Prime Early Effector CTL That Provide Rapid Defense against Viral Infections
Authors: Enders Marika , Franken Lars , Philipp Marie-Sophie , Kessler Nina , Baumgart Ann-Kathrin , Eichler Melanie , Wiertz Emmanuel J. H. , Garbi Natalio , Kurts Christian
Published: November 2019

Cross-presentation allows dendritic cells (DCs) to present peptides derived from endocytosed Ags on MHC class I molecules, which is important for activating CTL against viral infections and tumors. Type 1 classical DCs (cDC1), which depend on the transcription factor Batf3, are considered the main cross-presenting cells. In this study, we report that soluble Ags are efficiently cross-presented also by transcription factor SpiC-dependent red pulp macrophages (RPM) of the spleen. In contrast to cDC1, RPM used the mannose receptor for Ag uptake and employed the proteasome- and TAP-dependent cytosolic cross-presentation pathway, previously shown to be used in vitro by bone marrow–derived DCs. In an in vivo vaccination model, both cDC1 and RPM cross-primed CTL efficiently but with distinct kinetics. Within a few days, RPM induced very early effector CTL of a distinct phenotype (Ly6A/E+ Ly6C(+) KLRG1− CD127− CX3CR1− Grz-B+). In an adenoviral infection model, such CTL contained the early viral spread, whereas cDC1 induced short-lived effector CTL that eventually cleared the virus. RPM-induced early effector CTL also contributed to the endogenous antiviral response but not to CTL memory generation. In conclusion, RPM can contribute to antiviral immunity by generating a rapid CTL defense force that contains the virus until cDC1-induced CTL are available to eliminate it. This function can be harnessed for improving vaccination strategies aimed at inducing CTL.
Tumor Microenvironment following Gemcitabine Treatment Favors Differentiation of Immunosuppressive Ly6Chigh Myeloid Cells
Authors: Wu Caijun , Tan Xiaobin , Hu Xiaoling , Zhou Mingqian , Yan Jun , Ding Chuanlin
Published: November 2019

Regulation of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) by ongoing inflammation following repeated chemotherapy remain elusive. In this study, we show that a multidose clinical regimen of gemcitabine (GEM) treatment enhances the immunosuppressive function of monocytic MDSC (M-MDSC), although tumor development is delayed in E0771 tumor-bearing mice. Accordingly, effector IFN-γ–producing CD4 and CD8 T cells are significantly decreased in the tumor microenvironment (TME) of GEM-treated mice. The conditioned medium of GEM-treated tumor cells enhances differentiation of mouse bone marrow cells and human PBMC into immunosuppressive M-MDSC. Cytokine profiling of GEM-treated tumor cells identifies GM-CSF as one of the most differentially expressed cytokines. Blockade or knockdown of GM-CSF can partially reduce immunosuppression of Ly6Chigh cells induced by GEM–conditioned medium. Knockdown of GM-CSF in tumor cells also delays tumor progression with decreased accumulation of M-MDSC in the TME. Mechanistically, enhanced production of reactive oxygen species and activation of NF-κB are observed in GEM-treated tumor cells. Treatment with the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant and inhibitor of NF-κB signaling can abrogate GEM-induced hyperexpression of GM-CSF in E0771 cells. In addition, the phagocytic clearance of apoptotic tumor cells (efferocytosis) enhances the immunosuppressive function of bone marrow Ly6Chigh myeloid cells. Further, GEM treatment results in metabolic changes in residual tumor cells, leading to the resistance to T cell–mediated killing. Together, our results define an undesired effect of repeated GEM treatment promoting immunosuppression in TME via upregulation of GM-CSF and efferocytosis as well as deregulation of lipid metabolism in residual tumor cells.
AiCNNs (Artificially-integrated Convolutional Neural Networks) for Brain Tumor Prediction
Authors: Mittal Ansh , Kumar Deepika
Published: November 2019

INTRODUCTION: Accurate analysis of brain MRI images is vital for diagnosing brain tumor in its nascent stages. Automated classification of brain tumor is an important step for accurate diagnosis.OBJECTIVES: This paper propose a model named Artificially-integrated Convolutional Neural Networks (AiCNNs) that accurately classifies brain MRI scans to 3 classes of brain tumor and negative diagnosis results.METHODS: AiCNNs model integrates 5 already trained models including simple convolutional neural networks (one uses a simple CNN while the other utilizes data augmentation) and three pre-trained networks whose weights are transferred from ImageNet dataset.RESULTS: AiCNNs model was trained on 3501 augmented T1-weighted contrast enhanced MRI (CE-MRI) brain images. Validation results of 99.49% (loss=0.0303) had been achieved by AiCNNs on a set of 1167 images, which outperform its contemporaries which have got results upto 97.81% (loss=0.1794) and 97.79% (loss=0.1787).CONCLUSION: AiCNNs has been shown to obtained a test accuracy of 98.89 % on a set of 1167 images
Характеризация функциональных пространств, ассоциированных с весовыми пространствами Соболева первого порядка на действительной оси
Authors: Prokhorov Dmitrii Vladimirovich , Stepanov Vladimir Dmitrievich , Ushakova Elena Pavlovna
Published: November 2019

В работе дается краткий обзор результатов по проблеме характеризации пространств, ассоциированных с заданными функциональными классами. Показано, что для идеальных и неидеальных структур ситуация, вообще говоря, различна. В последнем случае понятие ассоциированного пространства раздваивается. В основной части статьи представлено полное описание функциональных пространств, ассоциированных с весовыми пространствами Соболева первого порядка на действительной оси.
Библиография: 54 названия.
О симметрических полугруппах с тремя образующими элементами
Authors: Vorob'ev Ivan Stanislavovich , Ustinov Alexey Vladimirovich
Published: November 2019

В теории числовых полугрупп важную роль играет проблема Фробениуса, связанная с нахождением наибольшего целого числа, не лежащего в данной полугруппе. При решении проблемы Фробениуса естественным образом возникает класс симметрических полугрупп, которые устроены существенно проще. Результатом настоящей статьи является асимптотическая формула, описывающая рост числа симметрических полугрупп с тремя образующими элементами.
Библиография: 18 названий.
Матричное расширение системы Манакова-Сантини и интегрируемая киральная модель на фоне геометрии Эйнштейна-Вейля
Authors: Bogdanov Leonid Vitalevich
Published: November 2019

Введено интегрируемое матричное расширение системы Манакова-Сантини и показано, что оно описывает $(2+1)$-мерную интегрируюмую киральную модель в пространстве Эйнштейна-Вейля. Схема одевания применена для расширенной системы Манакова-Сантини, и определено матричное расширение иерархии. Также рассмотрено матричное расширение системы типа Тоды, связанное с другой локальной формой геометрии Эйнштейна-Вейля.
Estimates of Lightning NOx Production based on High Resolution OMI NO2 Retrievals over the Continental US
Authors: Zhang Xin , Yin Yan , van der A Ronald , Lapierre Jeff L. , Chen Qian , Kuang Xiang , Yan Shuqi , Chen Jinghua , He Chuan , Shi Rulin
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Lightning serves as the dominant source of nitrogen oxides (NOx = NO + NO2) in the upper troposphere (UT), with strong impact on ozone chemistry and the hydroxyl radical production. However, the production efficiency (PE) of lightning nitrogen oxides (LNOx) is still quite uncertain (32–1100 mol NO per flash). Satellites measurements are a powerful tool to estimate LNOx directly as compared to conventional platforms. To apply satellite data in both clean and polluted regions, a new algorithm for calculating LNOx has been developed based on the program of new Berkeley High Resolution (BEHR) v3.0B NO2 product and the Weather Research and Forecasting-Chemistry (WRF-Chem) model. LNOx PE over the continental US is estimated using the NO2 product of the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) satellite and the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) data. Focusing on the summer season during 2014, we find that the lightning NO2 (LNO2) PE is 44 ± 16 mol NO2 flash-1 and 8 ± 3 mol NO2 stroke-1 while LNOx PE is 120 ± 52 mol NOx flash-1 and 22 ± 9 mol NOx stroke-1. Results reveal that former methods are more sensitive to background NO2 and neglect much of the below-cloud LNO2. As the LNOx parameterization varies in studies, the sensitivity of our calculations to the setting of the amount of lightning NO (LNO) is evaluated. Careful consideration of the ratio of LNO2 to NO2 is also needed, given its large influence on the estimation of LNO2 PE.
Impact of scale-aware deep convection on the cloud liquid and ice water paths and precipitation using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS-v5.2)
Authors: Fowler Laura D. , Barth Mary C. , Alapaty Kiran
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The cloud Liquid Water Path (LWP), Ice Water Path (IWP), and precipitation simulated with uniform- and variable-resolution numerical experiments using the Model for Prediction Across Scales (MPAS) are compared against Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data. Our comparison between monthly mean model diagnostics and satellite data focuses on the convective activity regions of the Tropical Pacific Ocean, extending from the Eastern Tropical Pacific Basin where trade wind boundary layer clouds develop to the Western Pacific warm pool defined by deep convective updrafts capped with extended upper-tropospheric ice clouds. Using the scale-aware Grell-Freitas (GF) and Multi-Scale Kain-Fritsch (MSKF) convection schemes with the Thompson cloud microphysics scheme, uniform-resolution experiments produce large biases between simulated and satellite-retrieved LWP, IWP, and precipitation. Differences in the treatment of shallow convection lead the LWP to be strongly overestimated when using GF while being in relatively good agreement when using MSKF compared to CERES data. Over areas of deep convection, numerical experiments using MSKF lead to increased IWP than those using GF, in conjunction with increased convective detrainment of cloud ice and ice nucleation. Mesh refinement over the Western Pacific warm pool yields increased grid-scale condensation, LWP, IWP, and cloudiness over the refined area of the mesh associated with increased grid-scale upward vertical motions. Results underscore the importance of evaluating clouds, their optical properties, and the top-of-the-atmosphere radiation budget in addition to precipitation when performing mesh refinement global simulations.
Expansion and contraction of the flowing stream network alter hillslope flowpath lengths and the shape of the travel time distribution
Authors: van Meerveld H. J. Ilja , Kirchner James W. , Vis Marc J. P. , Assendelft Rick S. , Seibert Jan
Published: November 2019

Abstract. Flowing stream networks dynamically extend and retract, both
seasonally and in response to precipitation events. These network dynamics
can dramatically alter the drainage density and thus the length of
subsurface flow pathways to flowing streams. We mapped flowing stream
networks in a small Swiss headwater catchment during different wetness
conditions and estimated their effects on the distribution of travel times
to the catchment outlet. For each point in the catchment, we determined the
subsurface transport distance to the flowing stream based on the surface
topography and determined the surface transport distance along the flowing
stream to the outlet. We combined the distributions of these travel
distances with assumed surface and subsurface flow velocities to estimate
the distribution of travel times to the outlet. These calculations show that
the extension and retraction of the stream network can substantially change
the mean travel time and the shape of the travel time distribution. During
wet conditions with a fully extended flowing stream network, the travel time
distribution was strongly skewed to short travel times, but as the network
retracted during dry conditions, the distribution of the travel times became
more uniform. Stream network dynamics are widely ignored in catchment
models, but our results show that they need to be taken into account when
modeling solute transport and interpreting travel time distributions.
Technical note: Water table mapping accounting for river–aquifer connectivity and human pressure
Authors: Maillot Mathias , Flipo Nicolas , Rivière Agnès , Desassis Nicolas , Renard Didier , Goblet Patrick , Vincent Marc
Published: November 2019

Abstract. A water table mapping method that accounts for surface-water–groundwater (SW-GW) connectivity and human pressure, such as pumping and underground structures occurrence, has been elaborated and tested in the heavily urbanized Parisian area. The method developed here consists of two steps. First, hard data (hydraulic head) and soft data (dry wells) are used as conditioning points for the estimation of the SW-GW connection status. A disconnection criteria of 0.75 m is adjusted on observed unsaturated zone depth (UZD). It is a default value in areas where such data are missing. The second step consists of the final mapping of the water table. Given the knowledge of the disconnection criteria, the final map is achieved with an ordinary kriging of the UZD that integrates the surface water elevation without unsaturated zone where it is relevant. The methodology is demonstrated on two datasets of UZD observations that were collected under low- and high-flow conditions.
Brief Communication: An Electrifying Atmospheric River: Understanding the Thunderstorm Event in Santa Barbara County during March 2019
Authors: Nash Deanna , Carvalho Leila M. V.
Published: November 2019

Abstract. On 5 March 2019 12 UTC, an Atmospheric River (AR) made landfall in Santa Barbara, CA and lasted approximately 30 hours. This AR was one of many that occurred during the winter season in Santa Barbara. However, during this AR, a massive number of lightning pulses were detected by Earth Networks Global Lightning Network (ENGLN) near and off the coast of Santa Barbara, CA. In the 24 hours following 6 March 2019 00 UTC, 14,416 lightning flashes occurred around southern California (140° W to 110° W and 20° N to 50° N). This far exceeded the climatological average number of lightning flashes recorded by the Lightning Imaging Sensor (LIS) and Optical Transient Detector (OTD) on the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM). Between the years of 1995 and 2014, the TRMM LIS-OTD detected an average flash density of approximately 9.15 flashes per day in the same region around southern California. While the AR could be considered part of a typical winter storm in the area, the extraordinary amount of lightning strikes in the region was very anomalous. This combined thunderstorm and Atmospheric River event resulted in 36-hour precipitation totals in Santa Barbara to be approximately 77.6 mm, with a maximum rain rate of 16.5 mm h−1. This article describes the synoptic and mesoscale characteristics of this electrifying AR event.
CryoSat Ice Baseline-D Validation and Evolutions
Authors: Meloni Marco , Bouffard Jerome , Parrinello Tommaso , Dawson Geoffrey , Garnier Florent , Helm Veit , Di Bella Alessandro , Hendricks Stefan , Ricker Robert , Webb Erica , Wright Ben , Nielsen Karina , Lee Sanggyun , Passaro Marcello , Scagliola Michele , Bjerregaard Simonsen Sebastian , Sandberg Sørensen Louise , Brockley David , Baker Steven , Fleury Sara , Bamber Jonathan , Maestri Luca , Skourup Henriette , Forsberg René , Mizzi Loretta
Published: November 2019

Abstract. The ESA Earth Explorer CryoSat-2 was launched on 8 April 2010 to monitor the precise changes in the thickness of terrestrial ice sheets and marine floating ice. For that, CryoSat orbits the planet at an altitude of around 720 km with a retrograde orbit inclination of 92° and a quasi repeat cycle of 369 days (30 days sub-cycle). To reach the mission goals, the CryoSat products have to meet the highest quality standards to date, achieved through continual improvements of the operational processing chains. The new CryoSat Ice Baseline-D, in operation since 27th May 2019, represents a major processor upgrade with respect to the previous Ice Baseline-C. Over land ice the new Baseline-D provides better results with respect to previous baseline when comparing the data to a reference elevation model over the Austfonna ice cap region, improving the ascending and descending crossover statistics from 1.9 m to 0.1 m. The improved processing of the star tracker measurements implemented in Baseline-D has led to a reduction of the standard deviation of the point-to-point comparison with the previous star tracker processing method implemented in Baseline-C from 3.8 m to 3.7 m. Over sea ice, the Baseline-D improves the quality of the retrieved heights in areas up to ~ 12 km inside the Synthetic Aperture Radar Interferometric (SARIn or SIN) acquisition mask, which is beneficial not only for freeboard retrieval, but for any application that exploits the phase information from SARIn Level-1 (L1) products. In addition, scatter comparisons with the Beaufort Gyre Exploration Project (BGEP, https://www.whoi.edu/beaufortgyre) and Operation IceBridge (OIB, Kurtz et al., 2013) in-situ measurements confirm the improvements in the Baseline-D freeboard product quality. Relative to OIB, the Baseline-D freeboard mean bias is reduced by about 8 cm, which roughly corresponds to a 60 % decrease with respect to Baseline-C. The BGEP data indicate a similar tendency with a mean draft bias lowered from 0.85 m to −0.14 m. For the two in-situ datasets, the Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) is also well reduced from 14 cm to 11 cm for OIB and with a factor 2 for BGEP. Observations over inland waters, show a slight increase in the percentage of good observations in Baseline-D, generally around 5–10 % for most lakes. This paper provides an overview of the new Level-1 and Level-2 (L2) CryoSat ice Baseline-D evolutions and related data quality assessment, based on results obtained from analysing the 6-month Baseline-D test dataset released to CryoSat expert users prior the final transfer to operations.
Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 12, 2019 issue
Authors: Duran Kevin
Published: November 2019

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Business Research, Vol. 12, No. 12, 2019 issue
Optical and Photoelectrochemical Investigation of Mixed Photoactive Poly 2,2’,5,2’’ ter-thiophene and Poly 2,2 bithiophene. Role of Intermixed Phases Created By the Co-electro-polymerization Process
Authors: Kasem Kasem K. , Schultz Monica , Osman Sarah H.
Published: November 2019

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) electrodes modified with polymeric films of poly 2,2 bithiophene (PBth) and/or poly 2,2’,5,2’’-terthiophene (PTerth) were subjected to optical, photoelectrochemical (PEC), and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Electropolymerization of mixed monomers containing bi-thiophene (Bth) and ter-thiophene (Terth) with different ratios resulted in the formation of intermixed phases. The recorded optical and PEC and EIS outcome data show that these intermixed polymer networks do not follow a monotonic relationship with the monomer ratios used to generate them. Optical studies indicate the formation of indirect and direct band gaps in the intermixed phases. Films generated in mixed monomers have greater energy-band tails than those generated from pure monomers. PEC studies indicated that these intermixed phases possess p-p type hole accumulations, evident from the initial sharp rise in photocurrent. EIS results did not support linear relationship between the percent of Bth in monomer mixture and the dielectric-related properties such as barrier energy Wm, hopping frequency (ω hopping), electrical conductivity (σ), and density of state at Fermi level N (EF).
Women's Right to the City
Authors: González Izaguirre Cruz Armando
Published: November 2019

This work analyses how women connected their political claims for housing with ‘the family’ as a political category in the configuration of urban spaces in Sinaloa, Mexico, during the mid-1970s and 1980s. Women challenged and reinforced the cultural and political significance of their subordination, while trying to fulfil their urgent housing needs, obtain a piece of land for their children and legalise their ownership of land. This co-generative relationship between women’s political participation and the family as a political category shows that the family was a crucial aspect of varying intensity and significance in the development of settlements. Women’s political involvement took place throughout their entire struggle to access housing: seizing land, organising new settlements and obtaining legal possession of their plots. Hence, women’s individual and collective experiences reveal a dynamic process of them becoming political subjects based on their claim for a piece of land for their families.
As infinitas máscaras da cidade
Authors: De Paula Leon
Published: November 2019

Com este estudo, tenho por objetivo o resgate das iniciativas realizadas nas décadas de 1980 e 1990 por grupos de teatro de Florianópolis que se serviram do sentido simbólico e monumental de espaços de tipologia não-italiana, componentes do patrimônio histórico e cultural dessa cidade, para a composição da obra de arte teatral.
As representações do feminino no Teatro de José de Anchieta
Authors: Mostaço Edélcio , Machado Carla Ladeira
Published: November 2019

Este artigo analisa as figuras femininas na dramaturgia de José de Anchieta, tendo por objeto a verificação das características associadas à sexualidade feminina e o seu papel no teatro transplantado para as Américas. Para tanto emprega alguns princípios teóricos de Michel Foucault, verificando como Anchieta caracterizou questões da sexualidade enquanto fenômeno de discurso e dispositivo disciplinar na catequese indígena.
A ilustração de livros infantis – uma retrospectiva histórica
Authors: Klix Freitas Neli , Zimmermann Anelise
Published: November 2019

O presente estudo visa destacar a relação entre leitor e livro infantil a partir de uma retrospectiva histórica da ilustração na literatura, considerando o seu surgimento, ideologias presentes e modificações através dos tempos, buscando, com isso, uma melhor compreensão da participação do livro na infância, além de valorizar o ilustrador, lembrando que os livros infantis são resultado da combinação de texto e imagem.
A legislação vigente para a educação musical nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental na região centro-oeste
Authors: Figueiredo Sérgio Luiz Ferreira de , Sezerino Ramon Franco , Moreira Gabriel Ferrão
Published: November 2019

Este texto apresenta aspectos de uma pesquisa em andamento cujo tema é a influência da legislação educacional atual sobre o ensino de música nas séries iniciais do Ensino Fundamental. O modelo qualitativo de pesquisa é utilizado nesta investigação, e nesta primeira fase do projeto os métodos de coleta de dados envolveram pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa em websites das secretarias de educação de todos os estados brasileiros e do Distrito Federal. Uma ampla revisão de literatura foi realizada até o presente momento incluindo legislação federal e estadual, assim como, textos de autores que discutem a legislação educacional brasileira. Este texto trata especificamente de aspectos da revisão da literatura e dos dados coletados na região Centro-Oeste. Neste momento a pesquisa está sendo continuada através da busca por atualizações nos websites das referidas secretarias.
Deep Learning
Authors: Kelleher John D.
Published: November 2019

An accessible introduction to the artificial intelligence technology that enables computer vision, speech recognition, machine translation, and driverless cars.

Deep learning is an artificial intelligence technology that enables computer vision, speech recognition in mobile phones, machine translation, AI games, driverless cars, and other applications. When we use consumer products from Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Apple, or Baidu, we are often interacting with a deep learning system. In this volume in the MIT Press Essential Knowledge series, computer scientist John Kelleher offers an accessible and concise but comprehensive introduction to the fundamental technology at the heart of the artificial intelligence revolution.

Kelleher explains that deep learning enables data-driven decisions by identifying and extracting patterns from large datasets; its ability to learn from complex data makes deep learning ideally suited to take advantage of the rapid growth in big data and computational power. Kelleher also explains some of the basic concepts in deep learning, presents a history of advances in the field, and discusses the current state of the art. He describes the most important deep learning architectures, including autoencoders, recurrent neural networks, and long short-term networks, as well as such recent developments as Generative Adversarial Networks and capsule networks. He also provides a comprehensive (and comprehensible) introduction to the two fundamental algorithms in deep learning: gradient descent and backpropagation. Finally, Kelleher considers the future of deep learning—major trends, possible developments, and significant challenges.
Break On Through
Authors: Richert Lucas
Published: November 2019

“Antipsychiatry,” Esalen, psychedelics, and DSM III: Radical challenges to psychiatry and the conventional treatment of mental health in the 1970s.

The upheavals of the 1960s gave way to a decade of disruptions in the 1970s, and among the rattled fixtures of American society was mainstream psychiatry. A “Radical Caucus” formed within the psychiatric profession and the “antipsychiatry” movement arose. Critics charged that the mental health establishment was complicit with the military-industrial complex, patients were released from mental institutions, and powerful antipsychotic drugs became available. Meanwhile, practitioners and patients experimented with new approaches to mental health, from primal screaming and the therapeutic use of psychedelics to a new reliance on quantification. In Break on Through, Lucas Richert investigates the radical challenges to psychiatry and to the conventional treatment of mental health that emerged in the 1970s and the lessons they offer for current debates.

Drawing on archives and government documents, medical journals, and interviews, and interweaving references to pop (counter)culture into his account, Richert offers fascinating stories of the decade's radical mental health practices. He discusses anti–Vietnam War activism and the new diagnosis of post–traumatic stress disorder given to some veterans; the radical psychiatrists who fought the system (and each other); the entry of New Age–style therapies, including Esalen's Human Potential Movement, into the laissez-faire therapeutic marketplace of the 1970s; the development of DSM III; and the use of LSD, cannabis, and MDMA.

Many of these issues have resonance today. Debates over medical marijuana and microdoses of psychedelics echo debates of the 1970s. With rising rates of such disorders as anxiety and depression, practitioners and patients continue to search for therapeutic breakthroughs.
The Meat Question
Authors: Berson Josh
Published: November 2019

A provocative argument that eating meat is not what made humans human and that the future is not necessarily carnivorous.

Humans are eating more meat than ever. Despite ubiquitous Sweetgreen franchises and the example set by celebrity vegans, demand for meat is projected to grow at twice the rate of demand for plant-based foods over the next thirty years. Between 1960 and 2010, per capita meat consumption in the developing world more than doubled; in China, meat consumption grew ninefold. It has even been claimed that meat made us human—that our disproportionately large human brains evolved because our early human ancestors ate meat. In The Meat Question, Josh Berson argues that not only did meat not make us human, but the contemporary increase in demand for meat is driven as much by economic insecurity as by affluence. Considering the full sweep of meat's history, Berson concludes provocatively that the future is not necessarily carnivorous.

Berson, an anthropologist and historian, argues that we have the relationship between biology and capitalism backward. We may associate meat-eating with wealth, but in fact, meat-eating is a sign of poverty; cheap meat—hunger killing, easy to prepare, eaten on the go—enables a capitalism defined by inequality. To answer the meat question, says Berson, we need to think about meat-eating in a way that goes beyond Paleo diets and PETA protests to address the deeply entwined economic and political lives of humans and animals past, present, and future.
Endothelial EphB4 maintains vascular integrity and transport function in adult heart
Authors: Luxán Guillermo , Stewen Jonas , Díaz Noelia , Kato Katsuhiro , Maney Sathish K , Aravamudhan Anusha , Berkenfeld Frank , Nagelmann Nina , Drexler Hannes CA , Zeuschner Dagmar , Faber Cornelius , Schillers Hermann , Hermann Sven , Wiseman John , Vaquerizas Juan M , Pitulescu Mara E , Adams Ralf H
Published: November 2019

The homeostasis of heart and other organs relies on the appropriate provision of nutrients and functional specialization of the local vasculature. Here, we have used mouse genetics, imaging and cell biology approaches to investigate how homeostasis in the adult heart is controlled by endothelial EphB4 and its ligand ephrin-B2, which are known regulators of vascular morphogenesis and arteriovenous differentiation during development. We show that inducible and endothelial cell-specific inactivation of Ephb4 in adult mice is compatible with survival, but leads to rupturing of cardiac capillaries, cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, and pathological cardiac remodeling. In contrast, EphB4 is not required for integrity and homeostasis of capillaries in skeletal muscle. Our analysis of mutant mice and cultured endothelial cells shows that EphB4 controls the function of caveolae, cell-cell adhesion under mechanical stress and lipid transport. We propose that EphB4 maintains critical functional properties of the adult cardiac vasculature and thereby prevents dilated cardiomyopathy-like defects.
The role of premature evidence accumulation in making difficult perceptual decisions under temporal uncertainty
Authors: Devine Ciara A , Gaffney Christine , Loughnane Gerard M , Kelly Simon P , O'Connell Redmond G
Published: November 2019

The computations and neural processes underpinning decision making have primarily been investigated using highly simplified tasks in which stimulus onsets cue observers to start accumulating choice-relevant information. Yet, in daily life we are rarely afforded the luxury of knowing precisely when choice-relevant information will appear. Here, we examined neural indices of decision formation while subjects discriminated subtle stimulus feature changes whose timing relative to stimulus onset (‘foreperiod’) was uncertain. Joint analysis of behavioural error patterns and neural decision signal dynamics indicated that subjects systematically began the accumulation process before any informative evidence was presented, and further, that accumulation onset timing varied systematically as a function of the foreperiod of the preceding trial. These results suggest that the brain can adjust to temporal uncertainty by strategically modulating accumulation onset timing according to statistical regularities in the temporal structure of the sensory environment with particular emphasis on recent experience.
An N-terminal motif in NLR immune receptors is functionally conserved across distantly related plant species
Authors: Adachi Hiroaki , Contreras Mauricio P , Harant Adeline , Wu Chih-hang , Derevnina Lida , Sakai Toshiyuki , Duggan Cian , Moratto Eleonora , Bozkurt Tolga O , Maqbool Abbas , Win Joe , Kamoun Sophien
Published: November 2019

The molecular codes underpinning the functions of plant NLR immune receptors are poorly understood. We used in vitro Mu transposition to generate a random truncation library and identify the minimal functional region of NLRs. We applied this method to NRC4—a helper NLR that functions with multiple sensor NLRs within a Solanaceae receptor network. This revealed that the NRC4 N-terminal 29 amino acids are sufficient to induce hypersensitive cell death. This region is defined by the consensus MADAxVSFxVxKLxxLLxxEx (MADA motif) that is conserved at the N-termini of NRC family proteins and ~20% of coiled-coil (CC)-type plant NLRs. The MADA motif matches the N-terminal α1 helix of Arabidopsis NLR protein ZAR1, which undergoes a conformational switch during resistosome activation. Immunoassays revealed that the MADA motif is functionally conserved across NLRs from distantly related plant species. NRC-dependent sensor NLRs lack MADA sequences indicating that this motif has degenerated in sensor NLRs over evolutionary time.
The Wolbachia cytoplasmic incompatibility enzyme CidB targets nuclear import and protamine-histone exchange factors
Authors: Beckmann John Frederick , Sharma Gagan Deep , Mendez Luis , Chen Hongli , Hochstrasser Mark
Published: November 2019

Intracellular Wolbachia bacteria manipulate arthropod reproduction to promote their own inheritance. The most prevalent mechanism, cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI), traces to a Wolbachia deubiquitylase, CidB, and CidA. CidB has properties of a toxin, while CidA binds CidB and rescues embryonic viability. CidB is also toxic to yeast where we identified both host effects and high-copy suppressors of toxicity. The strongest suppressor was karyopherin-α, a nuclear-import receptor; this required nuclear localization-signal binding. A protein-interaction screen of Drosophila extracts using a substrate-trapping catalytic mutant, CidB*, also identified karyopherin-α; the P32 protamine-histone exchange factor bound as well. When CidB* bound CidA, these host protein interactions disappeared. These associations would place CidB at the zygotic male pronucleus where CI defects first manifest. Overexpression of karyopherin-α, P32, or CidA in female flies suppressed CI. We propose that CidB targets nuclear-protein import and protamine-histone exchange and that CidA rescues embryos by restricting CidB access to its targets.
Molecular dynamics simulations of pentacene thin film growth: Stability of nuclei comprising standing molecules and their subsequent growth
Authors: Ikeda Susumu
Published: November 2019

Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were applied to the study of nucleation and growth of pentacene thin films, and stability of clusters (nuclei) comprising standing molecules was investigated. In simulations, the clusters consisting of more than ten standing molecules could stably exist on hydrophobic surfaces, while several tens of molecules were necessary for stabilization on hydrophilic surfaces. Furthermore, the stabilized clusters could grow by incorporating additional molecules in MD simulations. These results suggest that nucleation occurs on hydrophobic surfaces easier than on hydrophilic surfaces and the critical size of the nuclei of “standing” pentacene is about ten molecules on hydrophobic surfaces.
“Resources-Demands Ratio”: Translating the JD-R-Model for company stakeholders
Authors: Jenny Gregor J , Bauer Georg F , Füllemann Désirée , Broetje Sylvia , Brauchli Rebecca
Published: November 2019

Objectives

Practitioners and organizational leaders are calling for practical ways to explain and monitor factors that affect workplace health and productivity. This article builds on the well-established Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and proposes an empirically tested ratio that aggregates indicators of job resources and demands. In this study, we calculate a ratio of generalizable job resources and demands derived from the JD-R model and then translate the ratio into the language of company stakeholders.

Methods

We calculated a ratio based on measures applied in a large stress management intervention study (n = 2983) and report the findings from cross-sectional analysis with health and productivity outcomes from same-source and separate-source data.

Results

Findings showed a strong and unambiguous increase in health and productivity measures with each step of increase in the ratio. Loss in explained variance due to aggregation of two factors into a single ratio is small for measures which are known to be predicted by both factors simultaneously.

Conclusions

A translation and visualization of the ratio that is accessible to practitioners and organizational leaders is presented and its use in companies discussed.
From Straw to Device Interface: Carboxymethyl‐Cellulose‐Based Modified Interlayer for Enhanced Power Conversion Efficiency of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Wu Junying , Liu Yanjun , Islam Amjad , Zheng Qinghong , Li Jianguo , Ji Wei , Chen Lihui , Ouyang Xinhua
Published: November 2019

Advanced interface materials made from petrochemical resources have been extensively investigated for organic solar cells (OSCs) over the past decades. These interface materials have demonstrated excellent performances in OSC devices. However, the limited resources, high‐cost, and non‐ecofriendly nature of petrochemical‐based interface materials restrict their commercial applications. Here, a facile and effective approach to prepare cellulose and its derivatives as a cathode interface layer for OSCs with enhanced performance from rice straw of agroforestry residues is demonstrated. By employing this carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) into OSCs, a highly efficient inverted OSC is constructed, and a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 12.01% is realized using poly[(2,6‐(4,8‐bis(5‐(2‐ethyl‐hexyl)‐thiophen‐2‐yl)‐benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] dithiophene))‐alt‐(5,5‐(1′,3′‐di‐2‐thienyl‐5′,7‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)benzo[1′,2′‐c: 4′,5′‐c′]dithiophene‐4,8‐dione): 3,9‐bis(2‐methylene‐((3‐(1, 1‐dicyanomethylene)‐6/7‐methyl)‐indanone))‐5,5,11,11‐tetrakis(4‐hexylphenyl)‐dithieno[2,3‐d: 2′,3′‐d′]‐s‐indaceno[1,2‐b: 5, 6‐b′]dithiophene as the active layer, which shows over 9.4% improvement in PCE compared to that of a device without the CMC layer (PCE = 10.98%), especially the enhancement in short‐circuit current. The improved current densities and PCEs are attributed to the reduced work function, enhanced absorption, and improved interfacial contact by using CMC and ZnO as co‐interface. This approach of fabricating interface materials from biorenewable sources for OSCs is simple, scalable, and cost‐effective, representing a promising direction for the development of smart interface and green electronics.
The Storytelling Technique, Complex Litigation Style
Authors: Creo Robert A.
Published: November 2019

In June 2019, John Wagner mediated a 14‐party environmental case involving 13 governmental agencies and a pipeline company trying to settle all governmental claims arising out of an oil spill that polluted the Pacific coastline. The mediation sessions were attended by 30‐40 participants representing all the parties over the course of 13 days of formal mediation.