bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Facial Wash Gel Formulation from Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya L.) With Carbopol 940 As Gelling Agent and Its Stability Study
Authors: Akmal Tubagus , Yenni Puspita Tanjung  , Irma Indriani
Published: July 2024

Abstract—Propionibacterium acnes is a bacterium that significantly contributes to the development and progression of acne—the phenomenon of bacterial proliferation. The alkaloid carpain present in papaya leaf extract exhibits antibacterial properties against Propionibacterium acnes, a bacterium associated with the development of acne. The facial wash is a cleansing product that removes bacteria and debris from the skin. This study aims to develop a facial wash gel formulation employing papaya leaf extract to treat and inhibit acne-causing bacteria. The formulation will involve the use of different concentrations of Carbopol 940 polymer, namely FI (1%), FII (1.5%), and FIII (2%), as a gelling agent. The research conducted falls under the category of experimental research. The assessment of facial wash gel formulations encompasses various parameters, such as organoleptic evaluation, homogeneity analysis, pH determination, viscosity measurement, spreadability assessment, and foaming capacity examination. The study's findings indicate that the formulation of the FII facial wash gel successfully fulfils all criteria for preparation evaluation. FI fails to satisfy the criteria for spreadability testing, while FIII needs to fulfil the homogeneity and viscosity testing requirements. The viscosity test was significantly affected by different amounts of Carbopol 940, which was used as a gelling agent. The pH, spreadability, and foamability tests were not significantly affected (p>0.05).
Keywords: acne, carbopol 940, carica papaya, facial wash gel
 
Abstrak—Propionibacterium acnes merupakan bakteri yang sangat berperan dalam patogenesis timbulnya jerawat. Pertumbuhan bakteri. Di dalam ekstrak daun pepaya terkandung alkaloid karpain yang berfungsi sebagai antibakteri penyebab jerawat (Propionibacterium acnes). Facial wash menjadi salah satu produk yang dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan kulit dari bakteri dan kotoran yang menempel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan sediaan facial wash gel dari ekstrak daun pepaya untuk mengobati jerawat serta mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab jerawat dengan variasi konsentrasi polimer Carbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent yaitu FI (1%), FII (1,5%), dan FIII (2%). Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimental. Evaluasi sediaan facial wash gel meliputi pengujian organoleptik, homogenitas, pH, viskositas, daya sebar, dan daya busa. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan formulasi sediaan facial wash gel FII memenuhi semua syarat evaluasi sediaan. FI tidak memenuhi syarat uji daya sebar, sedangkan pada FIII tidak memenuhi syarat uji homogenitas dan viskositas. Variasi konsentrasi Carbopol 940 sebagai gelling agent memberikan hasil berpengaruh secara signifikan (p<0,05) terhadap uji viskositas tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan (p>0,05) terhadap uji pH, daya sebar, dan daya busa.
Kata kunci: daun papaya, gel sabun muka, jerawat, karbopol 940
REVIEW: Story of Rabaul eruptions has lessons for wider Pacific
Authors: Cass Philip
Published: July 2024

Return to Volcano Town: Reassessing the 1937-43 volcanic eruptions at Rabaul, by R. Wally Johnson and Neville Threlfall (editors). Canberra: ANU Press, 2023. 410 pages, ISBN 9781760466039.
EARLY one morning in 1953 my father and kiap David Hook set out from Popondetta to climb Mount Lamington in what was then the Territory of Papua and New Guinea. Mount Lamington had exploded in January 1951, the largest eruption on January 21 releasing a pyroclastic flow that roared down the mountain and killed an estimated 3000 people. The carriers working with my father and the patrol officer abandoned them as the approached the mountain and it was towards the end of the day that my father came home, his boots cut to ribbons by the volcanic rock, his clothes ragged and soaked in sweat and his pockets full of colour slide film.
Hubungan Flow dengan Kesejahteraan Psikologis pada Atlet Mahasiswa Universitas Diponegoro
Authors: Nurhayati Niken Fatimah , Abidin Zaenal , Karim Chamilul Hikam Al
Published: July 2024

The psychological well-being of student athletes has not been a priority in studies in the fields of education and sports. The psychological well-being part of positive psychology tries to explore the potentials that contribute to the optimization of aspects of life. This study aims to empirically prove the role of flow in the psychological well-being of student athletes. This study uses a quantitative approach. The subjects in this study were 54 student athletes at Universitas Diponegoro. The instruments used were the Flow Scale (α = 0.917) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (α = 0.899). The results of analysis showed that there is a strong relationship between flow and the psychological well-being of student athletes (R = 0, 684, p 0,001). The conclusion of this study is that there is a significant and positive relationship between flow and psychological well-being in student athletes at Universitas Diponegoro. Future research can reach students from various universities so that the results can be generalized broader. Universities can create a kind of training to strengthen students' intrinsic motivation considering the large correlation with psychological well-being.Kesejahteraan psikologis atlet mahasiswa belum menjadi prioritas dalam studi-studi di bidang pendidikan dan olahraga. Kesejahteraan psikologis menjadi bagian dari psikologi positif yang mencoba menggali potensi-potensi yang berkontribusi terhadap optimalisasi sisi-sisi kehidupan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan secara empirik korelasi flow dalam kesejahteraan psikologis pada atlet mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sebanyak 54 atlet mahasiswa di Universitas Diponegoro menjadi subjek dalam penelitian. Instumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu Skala Flow (α=0.917) dan alat ukur Kesejahteraan Psikologis (α= 0.899 ). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara flow dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada atlet mahasiswa (R = 0, 684, p 0,001). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah terdapat hubungan yang signifikan dan positif antara flow dengan kesejahteraan psikologis pada atlet mahasiswa di Universitas Diponegoro. Penelitian kedepan dapat melibatkan mahasiswa dari berbagai kampus agar hasil penelitiannya dapat digeneralisasi pada mahasiswa secara umum. Universitas dapat membuat semacam pelatihan untuk dapat menguatkan motivasi instrinsik mahasiswa mengingat besarnya korelasi dengan kesejahteraan psikologis.
Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Perilaku Judi Online pada Remaja: Narrative Literature Review
Authors: Mayradevi Ida Ayu Pringga , Tobing David Hizkia
Published: July 2024

Online gambling is the act of wagering money or valuable items to gain profits in which the amount is uncertain. Recently, online gambling has become prevalent among young people, and in this context, adolescents are prone to engaging in activities which can be detrimental to themselves and other people by committing acts of indecency like thievery and selling valuable items that can belong to others. Online gambling also has several negative impacts on the lives of adolescents, including a decline in academic performance, emotional instability, poor relationships with others, and gambling disorders. This research aims to examine the factors influencing online gambling behavior in adolescents. The study utilizes a literature review method with a narrative review type. The articles were accessed through sources such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and Science Direct, with publication years ranging from 2013 - 2023. Based on the literature review findings, five major categories were identified, including factors originating from the individual, family, social environment, socio-economic, and internet features. This literature review is expected to provide readers with comprehensive information on the factors that lead adolescents to engage in online gambling behavior. Additionally, it aims to serve as a foundation for developing interventions to address this issue. Judi online adalah tindakan mempertaruhkan uang atau barang berharga untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang tidak pasti. Saat ini, judi online semakin marak terjadi di kalangan remaja, dan dalam hal ini, remaja rentan terlibat dalam aktivitas yang dapat merugikan diri sendiri dan orang lain, seperti mencuri dan menjual barang-barang berharga. Judi online juga memberikan dampak negatif terhadap kehidupan remaja, beberapa diantaranya adalah penurunan prestasi akademik, ketidakstabilan emosi, hubungan yang buruk dengan orang lain, dan gangguan perjudian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku judi online pada remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode literature review dengan tipe narrative review. Sumber pencarian artikel diakses melalui sumber pustaka Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, dan Science Direct dengan tahun publikasi rentang 2013 – 2023. Berdasarkan hasil pengkajian literatur, diperoleh lima kategori utama, yaitu faktor yang berasal dari individu, keluarga, lingkungan sosial, sosial ekonomi, dan fitur internet. Literature review ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi yang komprehensif kepada pembaca mengenai faktor-faktor yang menyebabkan remaja melakukan dan mempertahankan perilaku judi online, serta dapat menjadi landasan dalam pengembangan intervensi untuk mengatasi situasi tersebut.
Lipid classes and fatty acid composition of Thapsia garganica L. seeds oil
Authors: Nebeg Halima ,   Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar (TELIDJI), Laghouat, Algeria. Corresponding author: d.tahri@lagh-univ.dz., El-Houiti Fatiha , Tahri Djilali , Hamia Chahrazed , Yousfi Mohamed ,   Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar (TELIDJI), Laghouat, Algeria. Corresponding author: d.tahri@lagh-univ.dz.,   Department of Natural Sciences, École Normale Supérieure of Laghouat, Laghouat, Algeria. Email: d.tahri@lagh-univ.dz.,   Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar (TELIDJI), Laghouat, Algeria. Corresponding author: d.tahri@lagh-univ.dz.,   Laboratory of Fundamental Sciences, University of Amar (TELIDJI), Laghouat, Algeria. Corresponding author: d.tahri@lagh-univ.dz.
Published: July 2024

This study focused on characterizing the seed oil of Thapsia garganica (Apiaceae), a medicinal plant native to Laghouat, Algeria, and evaluating its antioxidant properties. Various solvent systems were employed to extract and fractionate the lipid content of T. garganica seeds oil. Chemical indices were determined, and fatty acids methyl esters were analyzed using GC/MS. Tocopherol composition was assessed via HPLC, and antioxidant activity was evaluated using the 2,2-diphényl 1-picrylhydrazyle (DPPH) method. The GC/MS analysis revealed distinct fatty acid profiles across various fractions, highlighting a notable presence of petroselinic acid and higher-than-usual levels of pentadecanoic acid in all fractions. T. garganica oil exhibited richness in tocopherols, particularly with α-tocopherol being the predominant homolog. The antioxidant activity assessment of different lipid fractions indicated potent activity within polar lipids (glycolipids and phospholipids). Furthermore, T. garganica oil was abundant in unsaturated fatty acids, notably petroselinic acid, displaying significant radical scavenging activity in its polar fractions.
Keywords: T. garganica, petroselinic acid, pentadecanoic acid, tocopherols, antioxidant activity.
Adaptation of the diaphonization protocol and the highlight of some significant structures development in the chicken embryo (Gallus gallus) skeleton
Authors: Calistru Leonard ,   Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Email: leonard.calistru@gmail.com., Stermin Alexandru Nicolae ,   Department of Taxonomy and Ecology, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Email: alexandru.stermin@ubbcluj.ro.
Published: July 2024

Diaphonization is a technique used in developmental biology, anatomy, and comparative morphology to visualize and study the internal structures of small organisms. In this study, we used diaphonization to visualize the development of chicken embryos (Gallus gallus). Diaphonization was performed on chicken eggs at different stages of development, from 10 to 13 days of incubation, and the resulting specimens were analyzed using microscopy. The results suggest that for embryos older than 14 days, a longer storage time in 1% KOH is recommended (approximately 30% longer incubation time compared to the original protocol). In the case of more developed chicken embryos, it is also recommended to carry out evisceration. These results provide insight into the early stages of avian development and may have applications in the fields of developmental biology and anatomy.
Keywords: diaphonization protocol, chicken embryo development, skeletal visualization, developmental biology, avian skeletal adaptation.
DE LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO VOULUE INDEPENDANTE A LA REPUBLIQUE DEMOCRATIQUE DU CONGO QUI COMMEMORE SES FETES D’INDEPENDANCE
Authors: MSAMBYA Joseph Apolo
Published: July 2024

From the Democratic Republic of Congo Seeking Independence to the Democratic Republic of Congo which Commemorates Its Independence Celebrations. On June 30, 1960, the independence of the Belgian Congo, once personal possession for 23 years of the Belgian King Leopold II, was proclaimed as the “Republic of the Congo”. Emery-Patrice Lumumba (1925-1961) played a capital role in this emancipation which resulted in the consecration of Joseph Kasavubu as first President of the Republic of Congo and himself, Emery Patrice Lumumba, as Prime Minister. Congo has proclaimed its independence, but the new country remains plagued by violence and infighting. Belgian troops and peacekeepers from the United Nations intervene in the territory as a standoff begins between Kasavubu and Lumumba. On September 14, 1960, Colonel Joseph Désiré Mobutu led a first coup d’état which was followed by the arrest and assassination of Lumumba. The following years would be punctuated by rebellions and fighting interspersed with ceasefires in protest against the dictatorship established by the Mobutu regime after its second coup d’état, five years later, during a new political crisis. After thirty-two years of unchallenged reign, Mobutu was ousted from power by Mzee Laurent Désiré Kabila in May 1997 and since then, it has been difficult to speak of the real independence of the country, which became the Democratic Republic of Congo.
THE STAR AND THE QUEEN. DISSONANT HERITAGE AND THE CULTURE OF DISAPPEARANCE IN HONG KONG
Authors: DUȚĂ Carmen Ștefania
Published: July 2024

Caught between its Chinese and British colonial history, Hong Kong’s path to self-actualization is unsure without preserving its tangible and intangible heritage. This paper examines the region’s several layers of heritage through the movement to preserve the Star and the Queen piers in 2007, using two theoretical frameworks, Abbas’ culture of disappearance and Tunbridge’s dissonant heritage. Despite the piers’ demolition, their role is vital in understanding conflicting histories and decolonizing the region’s identity.
El arte de la guerra antiguo y moderno. Vegecio y Maquiavelo
Authors: García Jurado Roberto
Published: July 2024

Vegecio es uno de los autores militares de la Antigüedad más conocidos y prestigiosos, cuya influencia se hizo sentir fuertemente en su época, durante la Edad Media y hasta el propio Renacimiento. Su Epitoma rei militaris fue tomado como modelo de muchos otros textos y manuales militares. Una de las características más importantes de su libro es el acento y cuidado que pone en el reclutamiento de los soldados, una actividad que desde el origen y desarrollo del ejército romano había sido uno de los factores de su éxito.
El texto y las ideas de Vegecio incidieron notablemente en el pensamiento de Nicolás Maquiavelo, sobre todo en su obra El arte de la guerra. La influencia es tanta, que puede presumirse y evidenciarse que Maquiavelo tomó de forma íntegra muchas de sus ideas y planteamientos, principalmente la insistencia en contar con un ejército propio, resaltar la importancia de la infantería y poner especial cuidado en la preparación y entrenamiento de los soldados. Sin embargo, también hay notables diferencias, como la menor renuencia de Vegecio para recurrir a soldados mercenarios y auxiliares, por ejemplo. Así, por su significación para la teoría política y militar, denotar todas estas semejanzas y diferencias es el objetivo de este texto.
Problemas en la concepción de la “cadena variacional de Koch y Oesterreicher” y del diasistema lingüístico de Coseriu
Authors: Zimmermann Klaus
Published: July 2024

La concepción tridimensional de variedades de Coseriu no considera todas las variedades de lengua que existen; además, algunas no caben en las categorías establecidas y el estatus de otras es difuso, lo que —por su carácter multifactorial— puede atribuirse a varias dimensiones. Tal concepción ignora el carácter dinámico de su naturaleza social a lo largo de la evolución. Mediante un análisis deconstruccionista, en este trabajo se cuestionan puntos esenciales de la “cadena variacional” (Koch y Oesterreicher) que postula una orientación fija entre las variedades del diasistema; secritica el carácter mecánico de esta concepción y la rigidez de la orientación; por último, se propone otra visión (inspirada en la energeia de Humboldt, incluido el papel del hablante) que considera las variedades un dispositivoque debe analizarse como contacto entre variedades.
Innovaciones del DRAE (1791)
Authors: Carriscondo-Esquivel Francisco M.
Published: July 2024

El propósito de este trabajo es analizar en profundidad la tercera edición del Diccionario de la lengua castellana (1791) de la Real Academia Española. No se trata de un análisis sin más, pues viene motivado por una nserie de hallazgos que pueden considerarse innovadores, entre los cuales se mencuentran, en primer lugar, la existencia de al menos una reimpresión retocada mde la obra, desconocida hasta ahora por la comunidad investigadora; y, en segundo, la publicación exenta de un Suplemento (1791), por primera y única vez, con las novedades de esta edición con respecto a las anteriores del compendio académico.
Nuevos datos sobre el Ramillete de flores divinas (México, 1605) de Bernardo de la Vega. Estudio del único ejemplar conocido de la obra
Authors: Stein Tadeo Pablo , Cacho Casal Rodrigo
Published: July 2024

El presente artículo da a conocer el único ejemplar del Ramillete de flores divinas de que se tenía noticia, y que hasta la fecha se consideraba perdido. Se trata de un libro de poemas religiosos publicado en la Ciudad de México en 1605 por Bernardo de la Vega, poeta nacido en España pero afincado en el Nuevo Mundo. El estudio del ejemplar permite esclarecer cuestiones importantes en cuanto a la autoría de esta obra y de otras atribuidas a Bernardo de la Vega (impresas en España y en Nueva España), además desuponer una aportación fundamental para el mejor conocimiento del desarrollo de la actividad poética en la capital novohispana a principios del siglo xvii.
La circulación de Hadley al sudoeste de América del Sur: métricas para su caracterización
Authors: Naranjo Tamayo Elizabeth Beatríz , Rivera Juan Antonio , Viale Maximiliano , Villalba Ricardo
Published: July 2024

Este trabajo proporciona una evaluación de las métricas más utilizadas para caracterizar la rama de descenso de la Celda de Hadley y sus tendencias en los últimos 40 años sobre la región del sudoeste de América del Sur, a través del análisis de siete métricas hemisféricas y tres regionales obtenidas a partir de variables meteorológicas pertenecientes al reanálisis ERA5 para el período 1979-2021. Las relaciones entre las métricas fueron determinadas a partir del coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y las tendencias decadales a partir del test de Mann-Kendall. Los resultados encontrados sugieren relaciones estadísticamente significativas entre la métrica hemisférica de referencia función corriente del flujo de masa en 500 hPa, la métrica regional vinculada a la posición latitudinal del Anticiclón del Pacífico Sur y las métricas de la troposfera baja relacionadas con el máximo de la presión a nivel del mar y la latitud donde cambia de signo el viento en superficie tanto en la escala anual como estacional. Las métricas vinculadas al jet polar impulsado por las perturbaciones y a la precipitación menos la evaporación regional capturan la variabilidad de la posición latitudinal del Anticiclón del Pacífico Sur, mientras que la métrica hemisférica de la troposfera baja precipitación menos evaporación captura la variabilidad de la métrica de referencia. En cuanto a las tendencias por década de los promedios anuales de la rama de descenso de la Celda de Hadley durante los últimos 40 años se encontraron tendencias negativas estadísticamente significativas, lo cual indica una expansión de la Celda de Hadley durante las últimas cuatro décadas. Esto podría explicar en cierta medida las tendencias decrecientes de la precipitación en la región del sudoeste de América del Sur.
Caracterización y variación interanual de la calidad del aire en la ciudad de Buenos Aires en relación con las nuevas directrices de la OMS
Authors: Mosto Caterina , Pineda Rojas Andrea L. , Rojas Néstor
Published: July 2024

La Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) actualizó sus directrices de calidad de aire en septiembre de 2021. Las concentraciones medias diarias y anuales de dióxido de nitrógeno (NO2) y material particulado con diámetro menor a 10 µm (PM10) medidas en las tres estaciones de monitoreo de calidad del aire de la ciudad de Buenos Aires, superan frecuentemente los nuevos niveles guía (NG) de la OMS en el período 2010-2019. Un análisis de tendencias revela una disminución significativa en la concentración media anual de PM10 de 1.6 µg m-3 yr-1 y una reducción consistente en la frecuencia de superaciones del NG diario de 1.6 % yr-1 en la estación de fondo urbano. En cambio, las concentraciones de NO2 muestran ligeras tendencias positivas en los tres sitios de monitoreo que podrían llegar a ser estadísticamente significativas a medida que se disponga de nuevos datos. Para ambos contaminantes, las fuertes relaciones lineales entre las concentraciones medias anuales y sus frecuencias de superación diaria sugieren que los nuevos NG anuales son más estrictos que sus correspondientes límites diarios, aunque estos resultados son sensibles al conjunto de datos utilizado. Por otro lado, las concentraciones medias diarias de monóxido de carbono (CO) se encuentran por debajo del nuevo NG, con ligeras tendencias interanuales positivas no-significativas en dos de los sitios. Cuando se utiliza la secuencia horaria diaria del viento como variable de clasificación, se obtienen marcadas diferencias en los niveles de concentración de los tres contaminantes con distintos patrones de viento, las cuales se mantienen a lo largo de los años resaltando el rol de las fuentes locales en las tendencias. En algunos casos, se observan variaciones interanuales pronunciadas con patrones de viento específicos, lo que sugiere el impacto de fuentes nuevas o más intensas procedentes de sectores específicos. Mayores esfuerzos en monitoreo y en desarrollo de inventarios de emisiones de contaminantes de alta resolución contribuirán a comprender las causas de estas variaciones y a evaluar la calidad del aire en toda el área metropolitana.
The impact of public debt on the economic growth. evidence for Kosovo
Authors: Beha Fejzula , Ruxho Filipos
Published: July 2024

This study aims to analyze how public debt influences economic growth in Kosovo, using quarterly data from Q1 2008 to Q4 2022 and employing the generalized method of moments (GMM). The research reveals that there is a negative relationship between public debt and economic growth when other factors such as trade openness, total investment, current account balance, and primary balance are considered. Furthermore, the findings confirm an inverted “U-shaped” relationship between public debt and economic growth, indicating that the optimal debt level is between 27.75% and 36.2% of GDP.
Theoretical investigation on Rh(III)-catalyzed switchable C–H alkenylation of enamide with enone and Rh(I)-catalyzed decarbonylative version of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline with anhydride
Authors: Lu Nan , Miao Chengxia , Lan Xiaozheng
Published: July 2024

The mechanism is investigated for Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H alkenylation of enamide with enone and Rh(I)-catalyzed decarbonylative version of 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoline with anhydride. The former contains β-C(sp2)−H activation of enamide, 1,2-migratory insertion of enone, β-hydride elimination or protodemetalation with additional HCl. The diastereoselectivity is kinetically controlled favoring alkenylation N-(2Z,4E)-butadiene while the regio-divergence is switchable to alkylation. The latter is composed of rate-limiting oxidative addition of anhydride to Rh(I), C8-selective C–H activation after ligand exchange producing tBuCO2H and six-membered rhodacycle, decarbonylation releasing CO as new carboxylate ligand and reductive elimination of Rh-alkenyl precursor leading to C8-alkenylated product. The whole process with huge heat release is favorable thermodynamically and all barriers capable to overcome under microwave assistance. The positive solvation effect is suggested by decreased absolute and activation energies in solution compared with in gas. These results are supported by Multiwfn analysis on FMO composition of specific TSs, and MBO value of vital bonding, breaking.
Influencia de la Disfuncionalidad Familiar en Niños con Conductas Agresivas
Authors: Pino Vela Jenny Alexandra , Guanuchi Malla Yonder Antonio , Ponce Guerra César Eduardo
Published: July 2024

El estudio explora la influencia de la disfuncionalidad familiar en niños con conductas agresivas de la provincia de Chimborazo. El diseño de la investigación es de carácter no experimental descriptivo correlacional. En relación con los participantes, se estudiaron 15 niños con conductas agresivas cuya edad media era de 10,6 años. Se aplicaron los tests proyectivos del dibujo de la familia de Corman (1967) y la persona bajo la lluvia de Querol (Querol y Chavez, 2005), escalas valorativas de percepción sobre los padres e hijos, y se realizó una entrevista personal a los progenitores para establecer la historia psicológica de los niños. Los resultados permitieron evidenciar conflictos de adaptación en el medio familiar y escolar, se identificaron rasgos de agresividad tanto en padres como en hijos, tales como: respuestas verbales agresivas, irritación con facilidad y discusiones frecuentes; resaltar que el rasgo que no se manifiesta en ningún caso, es el placer al dañar animales y plantas. Además, se observó dificultad para hacer amigos y relaciones negativas con el profesor. Finalmente se comprobó la hipótesis planteada y se determinó la relación significativa positiva entre las conductas agresivas y la disfuncionalidad familiar (r = .664), confirmando la necesidad de fortalecer la funcionalidad familiar como eje principal de desarrollo psicológico y emocional.
A G6P1E isomerase of sugar metabolism is involved in the flower colors of Dianthus chinensis
Authors: Zhang Heng , Gao Ya-Nan , He Xue-Qin
Published: July 2024

Dianthus chinensis L. is indigenous to northern China, Korea, Mongolia, Kazakhstan, and southeastern Russia. It is widely cultivated in urban landscapes. Its flower has a great variety of colors and color schemes. Sugars control and induce anthocyanin synthesis and accumulation in plants. In sugar metabolism, many enzymes are specific for their substrate’s α or β anomer. Gaining and characterizing genes involved in sugar metabolism and flower color will be beneficial in clarifying the role of sugar in the flower colors of D. chinensis. Glucose-6-phosphate-1-epimerase (G6P1E, EC 5.1.3.15) catalyzes the α or β change of glucose-6-phosphate at the branch point of glucose metabolism. DchG6P1E1 (MZ292712) was isolated in D. chinensis and characterized using the tobacco rattle virus (TRV)-based virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) system. Its cDNA full length is 1401 bp, including an open reading frame of 918 bp. In the DchG6P1E1-silenced flowers, the reducing purple was observed, as well as the anthocyanin content, reducing sugar content, G6P1E activity, and DchG6P1E1 expression were significantly decreased. During the development of floral buds and among the three flower colors, the anthocyanin content, reduced sugar content, G6P1E activity, and DchG6P1E1 expression rose dramatically, with pigments increasing in the petals. Among the organs, the flowers had the highest anthocyanin contents and reducing sugar. The highest levels of G6P1E activity and DchG6P1E1 expression were in the roots. The anthocyanin content was positively related to the reducing sugar content at 0.05 levels by correlation analysis. In conclusion, DchG6P1E1 is a root-enriched gene associated with flower colors in D. chinensis.
Corrosion of Pure Magnesium and Binary Magnesium Alloy in Ringer's Solution
Authors: Fijołek A.
Published: July 2024

The work presents monitoring of the corrosion rate for pure magnesium and the binary magnesium alloy Mg72Zn28. Alloying elements with a purity of 99.9% were used. The melting was performed under the protection of inert gas - argon in an induction furnace. The liquid alloy was poured into a copper mold. In order to make amorphous ribbons, the obtained samples in the form of rods were re-melted on a melt spinner machine. The next step was to perform corrosion tests in Ringer's solution. Corrosion tests were carried out at a temperature of 37°C and pH 7.2. The purpose of using Ringer's solution was to recreate the conditions for the body fluids of the human body. The use of the following research methods, such as: OCP (open circuit potential), LSV (linear sweep voltammetry) and EIS (electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), was aimed at determining the corrosion resistance of the tested materials. Tests carried out in Ringer's solution showed that pure magnesium has significantly worse corrosion resistance than the binary Mg72Zn28 alloy. The conducted research also confirmed that the cathodic reaction takes place faster on the surface of amorphous ribbons. It was also confirmed that for both crystalline materials there is diffusion of chloride ions through the corrosion product layer. SEM-EDS tests were performed on the surface of an amorphous ribbon of the Mg72Zn28 alloy after corrosion in Ringer's solution.
Simplifying High-Density Memory: Exploiting Self-Rectifying Resistive Memory with TiO2/HfO2 Bilayer Devices
Authors: Cho Min Gyoo , Go Jae Hee , Choi Byung Joon
Published: July 2024

Self-rectifying resistive memory can reduce the complexity of crossbar array architecture for high density memory. It can replace integrated memory and selector with one self-rectifying cell. Such a simple structure can be applied for the vertical resistive memory. Both top and bottom interface between insulating layer and electrodes are crucial to achieve highly self-rectifying memory cell. In this study, bilayer devices composed of HfO2 and TiO2 were fabricated using atomic layer deposition (ALD) for the implementation of self-rectifying memory cells. The physical, chemical, and electrical properties of HfO2/TiO2 and TiO2/HfO2 sandwiched between Pt and TiN electrodes were investigated. By analyzing the conduction mechanism of bilayer devices, the higher rectification ratio of TiO2/HfO2 stack was due to the difference in height and the number of energy barriers.
Microstructural Characteristics of Modified ODS Ni-Based Superalloys Fabricated using Laser-Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Lee Dong Wan , Kim Jin Woo , Lee Su Gwan , Cong Dhin Van , Kim Jin Chun , Kim Hwi Jun , Lim Joong Gyeong , Yoon Tae Sik
Published: July 2024

Oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) superalloys are usually manufactured by a hot isostatic pressing after mechanical alloying (MA-HIP). However, this process cannot produce complex-shaped parts. Here, we used an additive manufacturing product (powders produced by laser powder bed fusion, L-PBF) to address this issue. Modified ODS Ni-based superalloy powders with a similar composition to the mechanical alloy 6000 (MA6000) were manufactured using a gas atomization process. The obtained powders and L-PBF synthesized samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), LPSA, and EBSD analyses.
Influence of Multilayer Structure on the Structural and Mechanical Properties of TiAlN/CrN Coatings for Advanced Machining Applications
Authors: Akkili Viswanath G. , Lee Hansung , Kim Suhyeon , Choi Jun-Hui , Chung Choong-Heui , Park Joon Sik , Lee Jae-Hyun , Ahn Byungmin , Kim Yoon-Kee , Lee Sangyeob
Published: July 2024

This study investigates single and multilayer TiAlN/CrN nanocomposite thin films developed using an RF magnetron sputtering system. The TiAlN and CrN layers showed a high degree of orientation, with the (200) peak being the strongest peak in both layers, and a multilayer structure was clearly observed. The surface roughness analysis using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the TiAlN/CrN coatings had a smoother surface than the single-layer coatings and minimal intermixing between the two layers. Depth-sensing indentation measurements were used to measure the hardness and Young’s modulus of the coatings, demonstrating that TiAlN/CrN coating had the highest hardness (~16.38 GPa) and elastic modulus (~3.82 GPa) among all the coatings studied. This indicates that the TiAlN/CrN multilayer coating possesses superior mechanical properties due to its interface strength. Our findings suggest that these multilayer coatings have potential applications in tribological and decorative coatings.
Synthesis of Molybdenum Oxide Nanofibers with Multiple Surface Facets Via Electropsinning Followed by Rapid Thermal Treatment
Authors: Ryu Cheol-Hui , Lee Young-In
Published: July 2024

A MoO3 nanofiber prepared by electrospinning and subsequent heat treatment is attracting significant attention due to its structural advantages. Vibrant studies are being conducted to control its morphology and diameter to improve its properties. In this study, we demonstrated the synthesis of α-MoO3 nanofibers with multiple surface facets by controlling the heating rate and temperature in the heat treatment step for removing polymer and crystallizing MoO3 from the electrospun polymer/precursor nanofibers. The analysis results show that the faster heating rate and higher heat treatment temperature in the thermal treatment process are more favorable for forming a shape in which particles with facet planes are connected. Finally, we observed the morphological change according to the heat treatment time to confirm the effect of the heat treatment conditions on the shape of MoO3 and interpreted the results in terms of nucleation and crystal growth.
Hot Corrosion Studies on HVOF Coated Alloy A-286 in Molten Salt Environment
Authors: A. Ananthi , Arivarasu M. , Jithesh K. , Vignesh M. , Dhinakaran V. , Suresh Kumar P.
Published: July 2024

The corrosion resistance Cr3C2-25%NiCr and Ni-20%Cr coatings were deposited on the alloy A-286 by high-velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) coating, and the high-temperature corrosion features were evaluated at 700 and 850°C in Na2SO4-5%NaCl-7.5%NaVO3 atmosphere. Deposited coatings are dense and well-adherent to the substrate. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) is used to analyze the structure of the corroded samples. Results showed that Cr3C2 -25%NiCr coating provides better resistance to corrosion at 700°C, which is attributed to the protective Cr2O3 development. The coated metal was exposed at 850°C, and a higher corrosion rate was observed compared to 700°C, indicating that the temperature influenced the oxidation rate. The coating failure (crack) was noticed on the Cr3C2-25%NiCr coated surface when exposed at 850°C, and no damages are in the Ni-20%Cr coating.
Influence of Corrosion on Thermo-Mechanical Contact Fatigue in Rolling Conditions with Low Amplitude Sliding
Authors: Mistreanu S. , Tudose-Sandu-Ville F. , Munteanu C. , Cimpoesu R. , Lutcanu M. , Știrbu I. , Manole V. , Stamate C. , Rusu O. , Cimpoeșu N.
Published: July 2024

The paper presents some aspects concerning mechanical contact fatigue and corrosion wear and the links of these two kinds of wear in the common deterioration of the contact layer. The surface state, for both presented areas, is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) in order to confirm the double action of corrosion and wear during the experimental test. 2 and 3D insights were taken from the worn area, corrosion compounds were identified and analyzed. Linear and cyclic potentiometry were performed on the base materials after the OCP was established in salt solution. When the level of the thermal and the mechanical stress are located at the same depth under the contact surface the resulting stress is greater and has the opportunity to develop the first crack to the surface. The metallic material surface presents a double type of corrosion: one based on oxidation and the other one based on oxidation plus wear (tribo-corrosion), the difference is being given by the material quantity and type involved.
Influence of Lithium on Structural Properties of Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT)
Authors: Navakoti A. , Chakram D.S. , Dasari M.
Published: July 2024

Lead Zirconium Titanate (PZT) is a potential piezoelectric material for sensor and transducer applications due to its outstanding piezoelectric coupling near the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). This is because PZT can switch between tetragonal and rhombohedral phases. PZT is still considered to be one of the piezoelectric materials that has received the greatest amount of attention from researchers and is used the most frequently. Modification with Lithium will improve the piezoelectric properties. In this study, the structural properties and morphological studies of Lead zirconium titanate and Lead zirconium titanate with Lithium modification have been evaluated. Various Scherrer’s models and other models, such as the Williamson-Hall model and Size-strain plots model, were used to display the observed fluctuations in crystallite size. Morphological analysis was used to determine the particle size. Graphs showing the distribution of particle sizes were drawn.
Mechanical Properties of P92 Welded Joint after 3000 Hours of Annealing at 600 and 650°C
Authors: Sówka K. , Purzyńska H. , Sroka M. , Puszczało T. , Zieliński A.
Published: July 2024

P92 steel is a modern martensitic heat-resistant steel currently used for seamless products for pressure equipment operating in supercritical operating parameters. The paper presents the results of a study on the strength properties and structure of a P92 steel welded joint used for pressure components of power units. The paper presents an assessment of the suitability for further operation of both the parent material and a circumferential similar welded joint of finished products in the form of P92 steel pipes after annealing for 3000 hours at 600 and 650°C. Annealing at 650°C results in faster increase in the size of the precipitates and their coagulation along grain boundaries of former austenite and martensite laths. The changes in mechanical properties were compared in relation to the state of the structure of the parent material and the material of the welded joint. Quantitative analysis of M23C6 precipitates was also carried out.
Strength Analysis of the Front Bumper Beam of a Passenger Car
Authors: Śliwa A. , Mikołejko W. , Bonek M. , Dziwis A.
Published: July 2024

This article presents a computer simulation carried out in the Solidworks environment, the bumper beam of a passenger car was tested. The simulation took into account the influence of various aluminum alloys and the type of reinforcement in the crosssection of the beam on the strength of the entire element at the time of collision at different forces. The analysis provided answers in which places the accumulation of stresses occurs, and thus the places most exposed to destruction
Probing the Thermal Stability and Microstructural-Mechanical Behaviour of Laser-Welded 17-4 PH Stainless Steel
Authors: Kumar B. , Sahu A.K. , Das D. , Bag S.
Published: July 2024

Dissimilar-weld-fabrications are created to capture privilege of certain attributes of each component to enhance the potential of overall structure. Induced residual stress owing to non-uniform thermal cycle, strain developed by virtue of metallurgicaltransformation, and dramatic difference in thermo-physical and thermo-mechanical property, proved to be a major drawback and limits application certainly. Present study includes amalgamation of material-characterization and numerical-modelling to overcome aforementioned issue. The 17-4 precipitation-hardened steel was joined with SS316 steel by CO2 laser-welding technique using different-heat-input. It is noticed that the distribution and amount of δ-ferrite controls the on-site behavior relating to thermal stability, microstructural characteristics and residual stress generation. This work is attempted to understand thermal behavior as well as its correlation with δ-ferrite formation and residual stress distribution. Sequential-coupled-thermo-mechanical model proposed to developed for dissimilar weld joints at different process conditions. Finally, the interrelation between microstructure and the typical pattern of residual stress believed to be investigated systematically.
Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Graphene Addition on Mechanical Properties of Al8011-T6 Based Fiber Metal Laminate
Authors: Zakaulla M.
Published: July 2024

Abstract: In the present study, the tensile and flexural properties of lightweight fiber metal laminates composed of Al8011-T6 and carbon fiber/epoxy resin filled with varying weight percentages of graphene (0.0, 0.3, 0.6, 0.9, and 1.2 wt%) were examined under quasi-static loadings for automobile applications. Fibre-metal laminates having different stacking sequences of the same layer thickness are manufactured using the hand layup process. Surface treatment was performed on Al8011-T6 sheet in order to get good adhesion between aluminium and epoxy. With the optimum content of 0.6 and 0.9 wt% of graphene, the tensile and flexural strengths were improved by 15% and 25%, respectively, compared to aluminium fiber metal laminates without graphene for 0/0 fiber layup orientation.
Microhardness and Elastic Properties Evaluation of WC-TiC Coatings Obtained by Arc Spraying Process
Authors: Haraga R. , Chicet D. , Toma S. , Carlescu V. , Bejinariu C.
Published: July 2024

Fulfilling the basic role of hard thermal sprayied coatings is closely related to the value of its microhardness. The quality of such a layer depends on several variables, the main categories being: spray method (flame spray, electric arc, plasma spray, cold spray, etc.), spray parameters (spray distance, voltage and intensity, working atmosphere, direction of the spray jet, etc.) and the materials used (chemical composition of the coating materials, quality and texture of the substrate). In this study, the microhardness, elastic properties and cohesion of a coating made of hard cored wire (Praxair – Tafa) by electric arc spraying process on a low alloy steel substrate, were analyzed. The cored wire has as main hard elements WC (about 26%) and TiC (about 6%), the rest of the chemical elements present being: Cr (14%), Ni (4.5%), B (1.87%), Si (1.25%) and the Fe balance. The micro-hardness was evaluated onto the surface of the coating, previously prepared by grinding to reduce the as-coated roughness. The method based on recording the forcess generated during the indentation with simultaneous measurement of the load – depth curve (with UMT 2MCETR microtribometer) were used for the microhardness evaluation. In order to analyse the cohesion of the coated layer, scratch tests with progressive loading (10N, 15N and 20N) were performed on the same microtribometer. Tests have shown that the metal matrix uniformly includes the hard particles arised from the core of the wire, and at the microstructural level, the microhardness varies significantly, depending on the hardness of the particles on which the indentor tip applies the loading forces. However, the overall behavior of the coatings thus realized is a satisfactory one, being, as a general behavior, in the average required by the applications of such a layer.
Powrót dyktatur
Authors: Ekiert Grzegorz , Dasanaike Noah
Published: July 2024

Erozja jakości instytucji demokratycznych oraz spadek poszanowania dla wolności i praw obywatelskich stały się w ostatnich latach przedmiotem sporów i dyskusji. Jednakże oprócz erozji demokracji ma miejsce równoległe zjawisko polityczne, rzadziej diagnozowane, ale równie istotne i potencjalnie bardziej niebezpieczne. Jest to proces, który można nazwać powrotem dyktatur. Dotyka on głównie współczesne reżimy hybrydowe i autorytarne, i oznacza przejście od „łagodnych” form rządów autorytarnych do „twardych” dyktatur. Autokratyczni przywódcy, którzy dochodzą do władzy w wyniku demokratycznych wyborów, dążą do absolutnej koncentracji władzy wykonawczej i eliminacji opozycji politycznej. Stopniowo niszczą instytucje demokratyczne, takie jak uczciwe wybory, niezależne sądownictwo, wolne media i autonomiczne organizacje społeczeństwa obywatelskiego oraz uruchomiają cały arsenał represji politycznych łącznie z mordowaniem swoich przeciwników politycznych. Ten artykuł dokumentuje powrót dyktatur w wielu regionach świata i analizuje jego przyczyny i konsekwencje.
Sukcesja codzienności. Mechanizmy międzypokoleniowej transmisji stylów życia polskiej klasy średniej
Authors: Bielińska Magdalena
Published: July 2024

W artykule podejmuję problem międzypokoleniowej transmisji stylu życia klasy średniej we współczesnej Polsce. Styl życia uznaję za kulturową charakterystykę położenia społecznego, umożliwiającą reprodukcję i stabilizację klasy średniej. Poprzez użycie trzech procedur metodologicznych, tj. 1) reanalizy danych pochodzących sprzed dwóch dekad, 2) rewizyty badawczej po latach do rodziców z klasy średniej oraz 3) wywiadów z ich dziedzicami, dokonuję porównań w czasie i pomiędzy pokoleniami. Dokonuję interpretacji wybranych obszarów stylu życia przedstawicieli klasy średniej w terminach refleksyjności – habitusu. Wyróżnione typy mechanizmów transmisji stylu życia (celowy, niezamierzony, naśladowczy, nawykowy) identyfikuję w takich aspektach, jak style wychowawcze i wartości, aspiracje edukacyjne i zawodowe, stosunek do własności i style zamieszkiwania oraz style zarządzania pieniędzmi. Wykazuję istnienie międzypokoleniowej transmisji oraz ciągłość rodzinnie przekazywanych zasad realizacji stylów życia. Stwierdzony w danych badawczych wysiłek podejmowany przez rodziców klasy średniej w celu formatowania przekazu stylożyciowego może mieć istotne konsekwencje dla trwałości tego wycinka struktury społecznej.