bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pharmacosomes: A Modified Vesicular Drug Delivery System
Authors: Jadhav A.S. , Bandgar I.S.
Published: January 2025

In the field of solubility enhancement, a novel approach called lipid drug delivery  systems, specifically pharmacosomes, has emerged. As new diseases and disorders  are discovered, it is crucial to develop new and innovative drug delivery systems to  ensure maximum absorption of drugs at their target site. Amphiphilic drug  complexes with active hydrogen atoms that attach to phospholipids are known as  pharmacosomes. They offer several advantages such as diminutive size,  amphiphilicity, high drug-loading efficiency, high entrapment efficiency, and  stability. The physicochemical features of both the drug and the carrier influence  drug release from pharmacosomes. Pharmacosomes have been created for  proteins, cardiovascular, antineoplastic, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug  therapies. They provide a potential substitute for traditional vesicles due to their  unique features. Pharmacosomes are prepared using hand-shaking and ether  injection methods. Compared to liposomal, transferosomal, and niosomal drug  delivery systems, pharmacosomes have several advantages. However, with  extensive research and promising preclinical results, the translation of these  nanomedicines from laboratory to market has been limited. Intermediate polar  solvents are used in order to prepare pharmacosomes, which improve membrane  fluidity and enhance drug permeation rates. Because of their special qualities, which  include active drug loading, compact size, high entrapment efficiency,  amphiphilicity, and stability, pharmacosomes improve the biopharmaceutical  qualities of both synthetic and natural medications. Colloidal vesicles, nanometric sized micelles, or a hexagon-shaped covalent organization of colloidal drug  dispersions bound to phospholipids are examples of pharmacosomes.  Pharmacosomes offer a promising alternative to conventional vesicles due to their  ability to prolong the existence of drugs in the systemic circulation.
The Effect of Job Crafting on Employee Well-Being in Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) Patients
Authors: Sri Wahyuni Endang , Febri Arifiati Retna
Published: January 2025

Background: Brachial Plexus Injury (BPI) is a peripheral nerve injury that can cause functional disorders of the upper limbs due to decreased range of motion of joints and muscle strength. Further impacts can include psychological stress, socioeconomic difficulties, reduced quality of life, and ability to work. Patients who are unable to return to work require job crafting to create a balance between job demands and job resources so that they can achieve employee well-being. The general objective of this study is to determine the effect of job crafting on the level of employee well-being in BPI patients. The benefits of the results of this study will later be used to improve outcome measurement and recommendations in determining therapy goals, especially in the area of productivity, so that independent, productive, and prosperous BPI can be realized.
Methods: This research is quantitative research with a pre-experimental research form. The type of approach used is comparative, using a group pre- and post-test design. The research was conducted in the BPI community of East Java using purposive sampling techniques, and 30 research subjects were obtained.
Results: The results of the study showed that the majority of research subjects were in the age range of 19-44 years (adults) as much as (80%), male gender (76.7%), and dominated by workers in the private sector (96.7%). The results of the hypothesis test using the paired sample t-test obtained an ρ value of 0.001.
Conclusion: job crafting has an effect on employee well-being in BPI patients.
EKSISTENSI BIDAN KAMPUNG DI KECAMATAN TELUK KERAMAT KABUPATEN SAMBAS
Authors: Ningsih Ningsih , Posha Beti
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study was to determine the treatment of village midwives in assisting the delivery process in Kaliampuk Hamlet, Samustida Village, to determine the community's view of assistance in the delivery process, and to determine the factors that influence village midwives in assisting the delivery process. This research is field research. This type of research is qualitative using a descriptive-analytical method. The approach used is a sociological approach and an anthropological approach. The method used in this study is a historical research method that includes four stages, namely heuristics, verification, interpretation, and historiography. The results of the study prove that there are three conclusions to this study. The first conclusion is that the village midwife's method of assisting the delivery process in Kaliampuk Hamlet covers two periods, namely pre-delivery and post-delivery. The methods used in pre-delivery include: preparing tools and materials, sprinkling salt water around the house of the mother who gave birth and storing the pickaxe under the place where the mother gave birth. Meanwhile, in the post-delivery period, the village midwife cares for the newborn and cares for the mother. Newborn care includes: removing the baby's umbilical cord, bathing the baby using reject water, Islamizing the baby, and cleaning the placenta. Care for the mother, namely, massaging the mother after giving birth and giving postpartum water to the baby's mother. The development of technology also affects the village midwife. Through a collaborative program between medical midwives and village midwives, there has been a change in the mindset about the importance of health, the change in the tools used by village midwives, namely the baby umbilical cord cutting tool, which at first still uses a scissor, now uses scissors.
TRADISI LEBARAN DI DESA KEMANG, KABUPATEN MUSI BANYUASIN, SUMATERA SELATAN
Authors: Eka Sari Silvia , Hudaidah Hudaidah
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this research is to examine and reveal what traditions are carried out during Eid by the people in Kemang Village, Musi Banyuasin, South Sumatra. The method used by the author in this study is a historical method where the historical method consists of four stages namely heuristics, source criticism, interpretation, and historiography. After conducting the study, the data obtained, namely Kemang Village is a village located in Sanga Desa District, Musi Banyuasin Regency, South Sumatra Province, this village is 190 km from the city of Palembang. Broadly speaking, there are three routine traditions during Eid that are carried out by the indigenous people of Kemang Village and overseas people in Kemang Village, namely the tradition of Lemmang, Sanjo, and grave pilgrimage. In the tradition of lemang or making Lemang, it is generally done two days or the day before Eid, Sanjo is basically done after Eid prayers, while the grave pilgrimage is done in the afternoon of Eid. These activities are carried out regularly and have become a hereditary tradition by the people of Kemang Village every time before Eid.
SEJARAH LEMBAGA DAKWAH ISLAM INDONESIA
Authors: Yusnita Henny
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this study is to explain the history of the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Institute (LDII) which was first established on January 3, 1972 in Surabaya, East Java. LDII changed its name to the Islamic Employee Foundation called YAKARI (Jaiz 2002, 74). At the big deliberation (Mubes) in 1981 its name was changed to the Islamic Employee Institute (LEMKARI) and at the Mubes in 1990. The strategy at the LDII institution is essentially planning and management to achieve a goal. In this da'wah activity requires a da'wah strategy that is in accordance with the times. Therefore, the government, in this case the Ministry of Religion and the Indonesian Ulema Council, has not taken any action to stop this sect. The reason is because in its written agreement and agreed with the Indonesian Ulema Council, it states its availability not to take actions that will lead to violence and cause unrest in the community. However, so far the Indonesian Islamic Da'wah Institute has not shown or carried out religious activities or carried out worship that is contrary to Islamic law and the government will not take any action against the LDII organization.
OPTIMALISASI POSYANDU; MEMBANGUN KESADARAN IBU UNTUK TUMBUH KEMBANG BALITA DI CILENDEK BARAT
Authors: Kusmiati Meti , Fasha Amanda , Serliana Maulida Efril , Widya Sari Indri , Anggrayni Mutiara , Azka Salsabila Naila , Agisni Riska
Published: January 2025

Posyandu merupakan ujung tombak penanggulangan masalah gizi di masyarakat , diduga sekitar 40% posyandu tidak lagi aktif dikarenakan  berbagai penyebab. Manfaat Posyandu  bagi masyarakat dapat memperoleh kemudahan untuk mendapatkan informasi dan pelayanan kesehatan bagi anak balita dan ibu.  Tujuan kegiatan ini yaitu untuk memberikan edukasi pentingnya  membawa balita ke posyandu untuk memantau tumbuh kembangnya. Metode kegiatan dilakukan melalui penyuluhan memberikan materi langsung menggunakan media power point, poster  dan leaflet serta pre test dan post test untuk mengukur pengetahuan ibu tentang pentingnya posyandu untuk memantau tumbuh kembang.. Hasil kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini didapatkan adanya pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu yang memiliki balita tentang pentingnya posyandu untuk memantau tumbuh kembang dibuktikan dengan dibuktikan dengan nilai pretest yang  menampakkan jumlah masyarakat memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik sebanyak 15 orang (50,0%), dan hasil post test menampakkan jumlah orang yang memiliki pengetahuan baik sebanyak 30 orang (100,0%). Nilai t untuk pengaruh ini ialah 5,385 dan p value = 0,000. Kesimpulannya, terdapat dampak terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan ibu yang memiliki balita tentang pentingnya posyandu untuk memantau tumbuh kembang.
Kata kunci : Ibu , balita, pengetahuan, posyandu, tumbuh kembang
EDUKASI PENTINGNYA PEMERIKSAAN ANC BERKUALITAS PADA IBU HAMIL DI PUSKESMAS SUKARAJA
Authors: Azmi Fauziah Nurul , Rachmani Meidyna , Anggraini Mutiara , Salsabila S. Qotrunnada , Salbiah Siti
Published: January 2025

Masalah serius apabila angka kematian ibu dan bayi masih tinggi. Salah satu langkah penting untuk mengurangi resiko kematian ibu adalah dengan pelayanan Ante Natal Care (ANC) terpadu. ANC Terpadu tersebut guna memantau kesehatan fisik dan mental, termasuk  janin, dalam persiapan persalinan dan mencegah kematian akibat komplikasi kehamilan dan persalinan. Pengabdian masyarakat ini mempunyai maksud untuk memahami dampak dari  edukasi kesehatan terhadap penambahan pengetahuan masyarakat terutama ibu hamil dan memberikan kesadaran tentang pentingnya pemeriksaan ANC Berkualitas. Metode yang diaplikasikan adalah metode ceramah, tanya jawab pada seluruh ibu hamil yang periksa di Puskesmas Sukaraja dengan jumlah peserta sebanyak 20 orang. Peserta dibagikan soal pretest serta posttest diperoleh dari perhitungan uji T hasilnya diperoleh nilai t sebesar 1,279 serta p = 0.000 (p<0,05). Kesimpulan dari edukasi ini dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai pentingnya pemeriksaan ANC berkualitas pada ibu hamil di Puskesmas Sukaraja.
Kata Kunci: Pengetahuan, Ibu hamil, ANC
Unfaithful Words: Tolerance
Authors: Ruzsa Ferenc
Published: January 2025

Anyone translating religious or philosophical texts of far-away cultures is painfully aware of the impossibility of the enterprise, essentially on account of the lack of terms with near-identical meaning. However, the words are only the surface: the real problem is with the different concepts they express.
The same problem reappears when we try to describe and understand these cultures. Words like religion, creed, faith, belief, prayer, worship, church, heresy, conversion, and idol are far from the neutral scholarly terms they appear to be: they all are heavily laden with features and associations that derive from the context in which these concepts evolved. These are essentially Christian concepts, and their use about other cultures is ‘Orientalism’ in Said’s sense.
‘Tolerance’ is a pertinent example. For example, Buddhism is generally considered to be an extremely tolerant religion. While this insight reflects a real feature of Buddhism, still it is not true. Buddhism is as tolerant as a deer is vegetarian. The deer does not refrain from eating flesh: it has absolutely no wish to eat, touch, or even smell meat. Buddhism simply does not have the idea that everybody should be Buddhist. The Buddha himself unambiguously expressed his opinion that it is best for people to keep their traditional rites and beliefs. Further, it seems that Buddhism is not a very special case; rather it appears that the idea that other religions should be suppressed is an innovation of the Abrahamic religions only.
There is an important lesson to be learned from this for interreligious and intercultural dialogue. Tolerance is miserably inadequate as a ground for such contacts. You ‘tolerate’ what you do not like, what you would like to annihilate, just out of some practical wisdom you restrain yourself. We do not want to be merely ‘tolerated’; we want to be accepted, esteemed, and possibly even loved—and the same holds for our partners in the dialogue.
This is anything but a light demand on most participants of the dialogue. However, unless they wholeheartedly accept that there are innumerable valid and valuable paths, their ‘interreligious dialogue’ will remain little more than an uncomfortable ceasefire between hostile powers.
Mass Transfer in Eccentric Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers
Authors: Zenati Yossef , Rozner Mor , Krolik Julian H. , Most Elias R.
Published: January 2025

Black hole–neutron star binaries are of interest in many ways: they are intrinsically transient, radiate gravitational waves detectable by LIGO, and may produce γ-ray bursts. Although it has long been assumed that their late-stage orbital evolution is driven entirely by gravitational wave emission, we show here that in certain circumstances, mass transfer from the neutron star onto the black hole can both alter the binary's orbital evolution and significantly reduce the neutron star's mass: when the fraction of its mass transferred per orbit is ≳10−2, the neutron star's mass diminishes by order unity, leading to mergers in which the neutron star mass is exceptionally small. The mass transfer creates a gas disk around the black hole before merger that can be comparable in mass to the debris remaining after merger, i.e., ~0.1 M
⊙. These processes are most important when the initial neutron star–black hole mass ratio q is in the range ≈0.2–0.8, the orbital semimajor axis is 40 ≲ a
0/r

g
 ≲ 300 (r

g
 ≡ GM
BH/c
2), and the eccentricity is large at e
0 ≳ 0.8. Systems of this sort may be generated through the dynamical evolution of a triple system, as well as by other means.
PEEP titration guided by electrical impedance tomography in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure
Authors: Kazakov Dimitar , Kyosebekirov Emral , Nikolova-Kamburova Siyana , Stoilov Valentin , Mitkovski Emil , Pavlov Georgi , Stefanov Chavdar , Sandeva Milena
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titration is crucial for improving oxygenation and preventing ventilator-induced lung injury in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT) offers real-time, bedside monitoring of lung ventilation distribution, potentially guiding individualized PEEP settings.

Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of EIT-based PEEP titration on respiratory mechanics and gas exchange in critically ill mechanically ventilated patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure.

Materials and methods: A prospective, interventional study was conducted from April 2022 to January 2024, including adult patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure on invasive mechanical ventilation. Continuous EIT monitoring was performed with electrode belts positioned at the fourth to fifth intercostal space. Patients were divided into two groups, low and high recruiters, based on the absolute reduction of the collapse percentage in the dorsal lung segments measured by EIT when increasing PEEP from 6 mbar to 20 mbar. EIT data, respiratory mechanics parameters and arterial blood gases were obtained during PEEP titration maneuvers. Optimum PEEP based on EIT was defined as the crossing point of the collapse and overdistention curves, generated during decremental PEEP trial.

Results: A total of 45 patients with a mean age of 54.33 years were included in the study. In low recruiters, the EIT-based PEEP was lower (9.18±2.11) than baseline PEEP (10.73±3.07) (p=0.0008). In high recruiters, the EIT-based PEEP was higher (13.91±2.45) than baseline PEEP (10.22±2.24) (p=0.0006). A statistically significant positive correlation was found between BMI and EIT-based PEEP. The crossing point method of PEEP titration led to improvement of oxygenation in high recruiters and improvement of respiratory mechanics parameters in low recruiters.

Conclusion: As a non-invasive and radiation-free monitoring tool EIT allows personalization of PEEP titration with minimum alveolar collapse and overdistention.
Flight characteristics of the summer and winter phenological form of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) according to data from automatic pheromone traps near Asenovgrad in Bulgaria
Authors: Georgiev Georgi , Georgieva Margarita , Zaemdzhikova Gergana , Belilov Sevdalin , Matova Maria , Hristova Mihaela , Mirchev Plamen
Published: January 2025

The winter and summer phenological forms of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) were recorded in two adjacent sites in the region of Asenovgrad, South Bulgaria. In the land of Muldava village (at the foot of the Rhodopes at 290 m a.s.l.), the typical winter phenological form was established, while the summer form was found in the vicinity of Dobrostan village (on the northern slopes of the Rhodopes at 1200 m a.s.l.). The calculated air fly distance between both villages is 9.3 km. In 2019, funnel automatic pheromone traps – CapTrap® were installed in Dobrostan and Muldava villages to obtain information about the flight dynamics of the male butterflies of T. pityocampa. For the studied period (June-September), hourly data on the humidity and air temperature in both sites were also analysed. In both sites, the flight started at the beginning of July and ended in the first decade of September. Two clear peaks in the flight of male butterflies were observed on 7-8 and 23-28 July, which was associated with catches of both phenological forms due to the proximity of the traps. In Dobrostan, no high maximum temperatures above 30-32 °C were measured in the days during the period July-September. In Muldava, critical temperatures for the survival of T. pityocampa were recorded in this period: July (61.3% of the days), August (87.1%) and September (23.3%). 
Innovative cities as cathedrals governing sustainable-digital-energy transitions. An Introduction
Authors: de Falco Stefano , Fiorentino Giulia , Certomà Chiara
Published: January 2025

This special issue, through various contributions from distinguished scholars in the field, attempts if not to provide exhaustive answers then at least to delineate the perimeter of the issues and scientifically circumscribe the contours of the questions that still exist regarding smart cities. Specifically, the ambition of this special issue is to fuel a multidisciplinary debate on the role of cities—especially innovative ones—in the ongoing (sustainable digital energy) transition processes. The contributions in this special issue will certainly stimulate an exchange of ideas and perspectives on this topic.
Understanding Turkish students' mathematical identity: Mathematics achievement, beliefs, attitudes and motivation
Authors: Ulum Hakan
Published: January 2025

Understanding mathematical identity is critical, thereby reflecting a student's relationship with mathematics and their academic performance. Gender, socioeconomic status, family education level, and personal beliefs may contribute to shaping this identity, especially in non-Western countries such as Turkey. This study aims to investigate the role of gender, socioeconomic status, family education level, mathematics achievement, mathematical beliefs, attitudes towards mathematics, and mathematics motivation as predictors of mathematical identity among Turkish elementary school students. The study, which employed a survey research design, involved 520 elementary school students. Data were collected through five instruments, including a self-description form and a demographic questionnaire. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analyses to explore relationships between the variables. The results revealed that the father's education level, mathematical beliefs, attitudes towards mathematics, and motivation for mathematics significantly predicted the mathematical identity. However, gender, socioeconomic status, maternal education level, and mathematics achievement did not considerably affect the mathematical identity. These findings suggest that intrinsic factors such as beliefs and motivation play a more substantial role in the development of mathematical identity than demographic factors. The study highlights the importance of fostering positive mathematical attitudes and motivation to strengthen a student's mathematical identity. Further research should examine the underlying mechanisms between these predictors and mathematical identity, thereby considering cross-cultural comparisons and longitudinal data to understand how these relationships evolve.
Performativity, “D”iscourse, and the Woman/Teacher/Mother Entanglement
Authors: Robbins Kirsten
Published: January 2025

This chapter approaches the question of why the stigma against childfree classroom teachers exists from a combined historical and theoretical perspective. The author considers the idea of the woman schoolteacher as what Weiler (1989) refers to as “an ideological construct” (p. 9). The chapter begins with a look at the feminization of teaching and what it meant for the role of women in the classroom. The chapter goes on to use Barad's extension of Butler's notion of performativity to consider what is implied by the reading of the performance of motherhood and how that relates to the expectations of women teachers.
Transformative Potential of 5G and 6G Wireless Communication Technologies and IiT in Intelligent Transportation Systems and Smart Cities
Authors: Govindasamy Santhakumar , Madeshwaren Vairavel , Siva Brindha G. , Sumathy R.
Published: January 2025

This Chapter examines the transformative impact of 5G, 6G, and IoT on Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) and smart cities. It delves into the fundamentals of IoT within ITS and emphasizes how advancements in 5G and emerging 6G technologies are crucial for enhancing transportation sustainability, safety, and efficiency. The report highlights 5G's potential to revolutionize smart city applications and urban transportation through its high-speed, low-latency capabilities. It also addresses the challenges of handover scenarios in fast-paced urban areas, noting a 38% success rate, and proposes innovative solutions like the Network Mobility Management - Bidirectional Support Protocol (NEMO BSP) and the Service Request Network-based Extended Mobile Network-based Distributed Mobility Management SRNEMO DMM architecture. By exploring the evolution from 4G to 6G, the research offers insights into the future of urban infrastructure and transportation, aiming to present a comprehensive view of how these technologies will shape urban living and mobility in the coming years.
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning as Pioneers in Advancing 5G/6G Network Capabilities
Authors: Syed Qazi Saima , Hussain Shakir , Bashir Irfan
Published: January 2025

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the technological shifts, highlighting AI's and machine learning's transformative potential in communications while acknowledging the challenges they present. This chapter will delve into the development of various mobile technologies over time and the future of 5G and 6G communication networks. Furthermore, this chapter provides an overview of the use of AI and machine learning in upgrading 5G and 6G networks, concentrating on critical topics such as its evolution, significance, influencing factors, and the repercussions of its deployment in network capabilities.
Security of Metrology in the Digital Age
Authors: Abouhogail Reham A.
Published: January 2025

The ability to measure accurately is essential for the advancement of science, business, and society. Measurement data are utilized to enhance understanding of a subject, facilitating more accurate and informed decision-making. Inaccurate measurements can have serious impacts on health, costs, safety, and other critical factors for the affected parties. Therefore, it is crucial that the measurements employed in decision-making processes are entirely reliable. Today, many research National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) aim to transition various metrological services to digital formats. There is no doubt that digital technology will revolutionize the field of metrology. However, we must ensure that the data remains correct and accurate; otherwise, we risk losing sight of the primary objective of metrology. In this chapter, a discussion of the risks and challenges that metrology will encounter in the digital age is presented. The challenges are categorized into three phases based on their specific types. Finally, general precautions and recommended solutions are provided, along with appropriate classifications.
Inner-Outer Array Based on Genetic Algorithm With Constraint Relaxation for Constrained Integer Optimization Engineering Problems
Authors: Abouhabaga Omnia Osman , Gadallah Mohamed Hassan
Published: January 2025

The Inner-Outer Array (IOA) and Constraint Relaxation method (CR) are introduced into Genetic Algorithm (GA) to propose hybrid Inner-Outer Array based on Genetic Algorithm with Constraint Relaxation (IOA-GA-CR) for solving hard-to-solve problems. This hybridized approach's search method uses IOA to roughly scan the entire search domain before concentrating the search, using GA, on the promising regions. Combining the IOA and GA algorithms balances the powers of exploration and exploitation, increasing the efficiency of finding global or nearly global optima. The adaptive control parameters of GA are neglected, in this proposed technique, which is reflecting the robustness of the proposed algorithm. Moreover, CR is utilized to block ineffective constraints, turning difficult problems into handled ones. The efficacy of the suggested IOA-GA-CR algorithm is verified through two complicated integer engineering design challenges, then compared to well-known global optimization algorithms. The experimental results show that IOA-GA-CR has a good computational effort and convergence.
Towards a Data-Driven Predictive Framework
Authors: Haidar Doha , Mouatassim Salma , Benabbou Rajaa , Benhra Jamal
Published: January 2025

There's a pressing need to democratise DL algorithms while leveraging their performance. This chapter proposes a customisable and efficient Automated Machine Learning (AutoML) forecasting framework to deal with volatile and complex time series using Hyperparameter Optimization (HPO) techniques in combination with ANN, LSTM, GRU, Bi-LSTM and Bi-GRU. The forecasting framework uses hyperband and random search in a high-dimensional hyperparameter space to demonstrate the models' performance without requiring sophisticated pre-processing steps, thereby providing a milestone to design DL models after a comparative analysis of specific recurrent models. After finding optimal hyperparameter combinations for each model, we study the correlation and the variance between the performance and specific hyperparameter combinations using statistical tests, data visualisation tools, and SHAP. The results discussed improvements of the forecasting framework after elaborating on the relationship between the models' performance, the dataset's size, its inherent noise and the hyperparameter selection.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Machine Learning (ML)
Authors: Walia Yashasvi , Gupta Rajnish Kumar
Published: January 2025

Advanced technologies enable mental health professionals to refine therapeutic approaches, enhancing responsiveness to patients' unique needs. In this chapter, we explored such approaches that integrate cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) with machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance mental health services. It begins by defining key concepts of both CBT and ML, focusing on how ML improves the accuracy, accessibility, and personalization of therapeutic interventions. Practical examples illustrate ML uses in therapy, such as chatbots that assist in CBT, virtual reality tools simulating therapeutic settings, and real-time monitoring tools for tracking patient progress. Ethical considerations are also discussed, highlighting the importance of maintaining patient confidentiality and the therapeutic relationship. The chapter concludes by noting how ML and CBT integration could improve mental health access, accuracy in diagnosis, and individualized treatment.
Transforming Minds AI and Machine Learning Applications in Cognitive Neuroscience
Authors: Murthy Yamijala Suryanarayana , Bansal Rohit , Chodisetty R. S. Ch. Murthy , Chakravorty Chandresh , Sai K. Pardha
Published: January 2025

Through their unique capabilities in analysing mental and behavioral data AI and ML transform the field of cognitive neuroscience. MRI and fMRI rely on AI to reliably identify memory troubles and also boost the early recognition of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's. cognitive rehabilitation programs that utilize AI improve therapy results by responding instantly to individual needs. By using AI to power, them interfaces allow neural patterns to link with outside tools and offer fresh treatment methods for those who are mentally challenged. Psychological evaluations and treatments are upgrade their reliability as a result of AI's method to analyze emotional states and behaviours. Machine learning and AI are changing the field of cognitive neuroscience by improving diagnostics treatment and rehabilitation of many cognitive disorders.
AI Algorithms for Early Detection of Cognitive Impairments
Authors: Hazra Rupam , Chatterjee Parag , Singh Yash , Podder Gopal , Das Titli
Published: January 2025

The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) has introduced transformative capabilities in the detection and management of cognitive impairments. These impairments represent significant challenges in healthcare, characterized by complex symptoms and progressive deterioration. Traditional diagnostic and management methods often face limitations due to the subtleties in early symptom detection and the need for comprehensive data analysis. AI algorithms offer powerful tools to address these challenges. The integration of these AI algorithms into clinical practice provides several advantages: enhanced diagnostic accuracy through sophisticated data analysis, personalized treatment plans tailored to individual patient profiles, and predictive models that forecast disease progression. This chapter highlights the potential of artificial intelligence to transform the management of mental retardation and shows how these technologies can be used to overcome the limitations of traditional and advances in the field of mental health.
Predictive Analysis of Medicinal Plants for Central Nervous System Diseases Using Machine Learning
Authors: N. Sasikaladevi , Krishnan Geetha , Aarthi S.
Published: January 2025

Central nervous system (CNS) diseases have witnessed an alarming rise globally, affecting millions of individuals and imposing significant healthcare expenses. Traditional medicinal plants have played a pivotal role in addressing various ailments, including CNS disorders. In this research, we propose a cutting-edge machine learning approach to accurately predict the effectiveness of medicinal plants in treating CNS diseases. Leveraging the VNPlant200 dataset comprising plant images and associated metadata, we train a state-of-the-art convolutional neural network (CNN) to extract profound features. To amplify the discriminative power of these features, we employ matrix-based discriminant analysis, thereby augmenting our model's predictive capabilities. Furthermore, we integrate an ensemble technique that combines multiple classifiers, resulting in improved accuracy with a remarkable rate of 100%. Additionally, we have developed a user-friendly mobile application empowering individuals to identify and classify medicinal plants based on their potential for treating CNS diseases.
Incorporating ChatGPT Into Online Discussions in a Literacy Course
Authors: Hu Ran , Lin Xi
Published: January 2025

This study utilizes the IDEE framework (Su & Yang, 2023), which focuses on identifying desired outcomes (I), determining appropriate levels of automation (D), ensuring ethical considerations (E), and evaluating the effectiveness (E) of using ChatGPT, to explore its role in enhancing discussions in a graduate-level asynchronous online literacy course. ChatGPT was integrated into two graded discussions, with sixteen students following specific guidelines and reflecting on AI-generated content. The results indicate that while concerns about the tool's effectiveness and authenticity remain, ChatGPT enhances engagement, promotes critical thinking, sharpens analytical skills, and offers new teaching opportunities.
Grain kernel damage during threshing: a comprehensive review of theories and models
Authors: Looh George Ashwehmbom , Xie Fangping , Wang Xiushan , Looh Augustine Ngiejungbwen , Hind Hamdaoui
Published: January 2025

Grain threshing is aimed at separating the grain from the inedible chaff. However, mechanical forces often damage grains, impacting their quality, market value, and germination ability. This comprehensive review examines theories and models developed to study and predict grain damage during threshing. These include contact theory, fracture mechanics models, discrete element modeling, and finite element analysis. This review delves into how these theories elucidate the influence of grain characteristics, such as moisture content and kernel size, on susceptibility to damage. It assesses how different machine parameters like threshing speed drum design and concave settings contribute to damage such as breakage, fissures, and internal cracks. We delve deeply into utilizing contact theory to estimate stress distribution when metal grains collide, employing fracture mechanics to understand crack initiation and propagation, and utilizing DEM and FEA to simulate how grains move within the thresher. By synthesizing knowledge from these modeling approaches, this review offers an understanding of the multifaceted nature of grain damage during threshing. They emphasize the significance of tuning settings and implementing suitable pre and post-threshing techniques to reduce waste and maintain top-notch grain quality for eating and seeding. This in-depth evaluation offers insights for scientists, engineers, and farming experts dedicated to enhancing the productivity and eco-friendliness of grain cultivation methods.
Case report of rare presentation of schistosomiasis: delayed diagnosis of genitourinary schistosomiasis in an adolescent
Authors: Caputo Valentina , Bleve Cosimo , Brooks Giulia , Zolpi Elisa , Chiarenza Salvatore Fabio
Published: January 2025

Schistosomiasis is a tropical infection endemic to developing nations that can result in chronic liver damage, renal failure, infertility, and bladder cancer. Genitourinary localization is marked by dysuria, visible hematuria, and urinary obstruction. We present the case of a 17-year-old male adolescent from a rural area of Central Africa, who arrived in Italy two years prior, exhibiting hematuria and urinary symptoms. He came to our attention with a history of terminal hematuria, dysuria, and intermittent abdominal pain since the age of ten. We conducted initial blood tests, urine analyses, and ultrasonography, all yielding negative results. Cystoscopy was conducted with biopsy of an atypical bladder lesion due to the persistence of hematuria. Histopathology revealed morphological findings indicative of Schistosoma haematobium. The patient received praziquantel treatment and was monitored through parasitological urine analyses. Bladder schistosomiasis should be considered in children exhibiting terminal hematuria from endemic regions. Diagnosis can be established through a urinary microbiological examination. An endoscopic evaluation may assist in the diagnosis if the results are negative.
Remission of Type 2 Diabetes: Can It Be the Goal of Diabetes Treatment?
Authors: Lee Min Jin
Published: January 2025

The conventional treatment goals for diabetes have focused on glycemic control to prevent complications, based on the understanding that diabetes is an irreversible chronic condition. However, numerous studies have shown that significant weight loss achieved through intensive lifestyle interventions, low-calorie diets, metabolic surgery, and glucagon-like peptide-1–based medications is associated with a high rate of type 2 diabetes remission. Notably, remission is more likely to occur in the early stages of type 2 diabetes, particularly among younger individuals, those with a shorter duration of the disease, better glycemic control, and greater weight loss. Nevertheless, research on diabetes remission among Asian populations, including those in South Korea, remains limited, and further studies are needed. Additionally, the definition of diabetes remission requires ongoing discussion, emphasizing the need for expert opinions and consensus in this area.
Sleep and Diabetes
Authors: Heo Ji Hye
Published: January 2025

Modern society has significantly altered sleep patterns compared to those of the past, leading to an increased prevalence of sleep and circadian rhythm disorders. Numerous studies over the past decades have provided substantial evidence that these disorders negatively impact cognitive function, work performance, and the incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases. Recent interest in the effects of sleep and circadian rhythm disturbances on glucose metabolism has surged, with growing recognition of sleep’s critical role in regulating glucose homeostasis and appetite. Sleep disturbances contribute to the global rise in obesity and type 2 diabetes, necessitating a thorough understanding of how sleep affects glucose metabolism and whether interventions for sleep disorders can positively impact metabolic outcomes. This review explores the relationship among sleep duration, quality, and glucose metabolism, focusing on the mechanisms underlying these associations. It examines epidemiological and experimental studies demonstrating that insufficient or poor-quality sleep adversely affects glucose regulation. The review highlights the impact of sleep disorders, such as insomnia and obstructive sleep apnea, on glucose metabolism and outlines potential interventions, including cognitive behavioral therapy and pharmacological treatments, that may improve sleep quality and metabolic control.
Diabetic Patient Social Needs Assessment and Intervention
Authors: Lim Sung-Chul
Published: January 2025

Efforts are being made to summarize the evidence on what can be done to promote health equity and to promote a global movement to achieve this. Historically, the social work profession, which assesses and intervenes in the social determinants of health, has integrated social care into healthcare. In particular, social workers in healthcare settings have improved health outcomes and reduced health disparities by addressing patient social needs. With the rapid increase in diabetes patients worldwide and the growing emphasis on managing chronic diseases in the community, the role of social workers in assessing and addressing patient social needs is expected to become more prominent. This article aims to provide an overview of the importance of the social determinants of health in diabetes patients and to enhance understanding of the role of social workers by presenting real-world cases.
Coronary heart disease in Indians: Implications of the INTERHEART study
Authors: Ajay Vamadevan S. , Prabhakaran Dorairaj
Published: January 2025

Coronary heart diseases (CHD) have reached epidemic proportions among Indians. The recently concluded INTWERHEART study emphasizes the role of behavioural and conventional risk factors in the prediction of CHD risk among Indians. These findings have implication for the health care providers and policy makers in the country due to the fact that all these conventional risk factors are potentially modifiable and are good starting points for prevention. The policy measures by means of legislation and regulatory approaches on agriculture and food industry or tobacco or physical activity will have large impact on CHD risk factor reduction in the population. In addition, the health system needs to focus on: (i) providing information for increasing awareness and an enabling environment for adoption of healthy living habits by the community; (ii) early detection of persons with risk factors and cost-effective interventions for reducing risk; and (iii) early detection of persons with clinical disease and cost-effective secondary prevention measures to prevent complications. The evidence from INTERHEART provides rationale for developing treatment algorithms and treatment guidelines for CHD at various levels of health care. In addition, INTERHEART provides answer for the quest for a single reliable biomarker, Apo B/ApoA 1 ratio that can predict the future CHD risk among individuals. Further to this, the INTERHEART study also opens up several unanswered questions on the pathobiology of the premature onset of myocardial infarction among Indians and calls for the need to developing capacity in clinical research in CHD in India.
Clinical judgement & evidence-based medicine: time for reconciliation
Authors: Karthikeyan Ganesan , Pais Prem
Published: January 2025

There is a popular perception that clinical judgement and evidence-based medicine are at loggerheads with each other. We examine the concepts of evidence and judgment as applied to clinical practice, and attempt to understand the reasons behind this imaginary divide.
Epidemiology to public health intervention for preventing cardiovascular diseases: The role of translational research
Authors: Krishnan Anand , Yadav Kapil , Kaur Manmeet , Kumar Rajesh
Published: January 2025

Despite significant progress in medical research, cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) continue to be the largest contributors of morbidity and mortality both in developed and developing countries. The status of public health interventions related to CVDs prevention was reviewed to identify actions that are required to bridge the existing gap between the evidence and the policy. We used a framework comprising two steps - “bench to bedside” and from “bedside to community” to evaluate translational research. Available literature was reviewed to document the current status of CVD prevention and control at national level in India. Case studies of risk factor surveillance, tobacco control and blood pressure measurement were used to understand different aspects of translational research. National level initiatives in non-communicable diseases surveillance, prevention and control are a recent phenomena in India. The delay in translation of research to policy has occurred primarily at the second level, i.e., from ‘bedside to community’. The possible reasons for this were: inappropriate perception of the problem by policy makers and programme managers, lack of global public health guidelines and tools, and inadequate nationally relevant research related to operationalization and cost of public health interventions. Public health fraternity, both nationally and internationally, needs to establish institutional mechanisms to strengthen human resource capacity to initiate and monitor the process of translational research in India. Larger public interest demands that focus should shift to overcoming the barriers at community level translation. Only this will ensure that the extraordinary scientific advances of this century are rapidly translated for the benefit of more than one billion Indians.
Emergence of drug resistant mutations after single dose nevirapine exposure in HIV-1 infected pregnant women in south India
Authors: Rajesh Lakshmi , Ramesh K. , Hanna Luke Elizabeth , Narayanan P.R. , Swaminathan Soumya
Published: January 2025

Background & objectives:

Resistance to nevirapine (NVP) has been described with single dose preventive regimens in other populations. Our aim was to study the pattern and prevalence of HIV drug resistance (DR) at baseline (during pregnancy) and after delivery among antenatal women exposed to single dose NVP for prevention of parent to child transmission (PPTCT).

Methods:

HIV-infected, ART-naive primigravidae between 18-25 years of age, attending government antenatal clinics in Chennai, Vellore or Madurai were recruited. Drug resistance testing was carried out during pregnancy and after Sd-NVP treatment (one month after delivery) by Viroseq sequencing. HIV-1 testing by DNA PCR was done in newborns at 30 days.

Results:

Thirty one women were enrolled but only twenty six plasma specimens were analyzable (24 paired and two postnatal only). No major mutations were observed in any drug class at baseline though many polymorphisms were observed in both the reverse transcriptase and protease genes. Mutations to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) were observed post-delivery in 33 per cent of women who were treated with Sd-NVP. None of the infants were HIV-positive.

Interpretation & conclusions:

Among pregnant ART-naïve women, baseline HIV drug resistance was not observed. A high rate of development of NNRTI class resistance among women treated with single-dose NVP was observed. Our results emphasize the need to implement more effective PPTCT regimens, minimizing emergence of drug resistance and thereby preserving long-term treatment options for HIV-infected women in India.
The cardio-protective diet
Authors: Sivasankaran S.
Published: January 2025

Globalization has made calorie rich, cheap, convenient marketed foods the main menu for the common man. Indians are particularly susceptible to the adverse outcomes of this dietary change because of ethnic, epigenetic reasons and sarcopenic adiposity (less muscle more fat for the same body weight). Children have smaller body frame making them more susceptible to adverse effects of hyperglycaemia leading to stress on beta cells and their damage. This has resulted in escalation of lifestyle diseases by three-fold, that too at our younger age group at lower body mass indices. Preventive measures are necessary in early life to protect the beta cells, to achieve a metabolically healthy society. This will help in sustaining optimal beta cell function throughout a person’s life. Modification in dietary habits by educating the society, proper food labelling and legal regulation, restricting calorie, sugar, saturated fat, trans-fat and salt intake has proved its benefits in the developed world. Changes in the quality of food is as important as restricting calorie intake. This includes facilitation of increased consumption of dietary fiber, complex carbohydrates, nuts, fruits and vegetables. Restrictions are needed to reduce trans-fats, saturated fats and cooking habits such as deep frying which oxidizes cholesterol and lipids. Foods with long shelf-life shorten the life line because of their salt, sugar or trans-fat content. Individual meals need to be targeted in the general dietary guidelines, to minimize the post-prandial metabolic insult. In general, we need healthy start to early life particularly the first twenty years of life so that the habits cultured during childhood are sustained for the rest of productive years.