bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analysis of culling reasons during the breeding cycle and lifetime performance: The strategy to remove crossbred Landrace and Large White sows under tropical climate
Authors: Boripun Ratchadaporn , Mitsuwan Watcharapong , Kulnanan Pawinee , Thomrongsuwannakij Thotsapol , Kitpipit Warangkana
Published: December 2021

Background and Aim: Sow culling is an important practice in commercial swine production because it is directly associated with the economic efficiency of the breeding herd. This study was conducted to analyze the reasons for sow culling and quantify the factors affecting culling in crossbred Landrace and Large White sows under tropical climate.

Materials and Methods: A total of 4887 culled sows from one parent stock farm located in Ratchaburi province, Western Thailand, were examined in this study. Culling reasons were grouped into the following eight categories according to farm management: (1) Reproductive disorders, (2) old age, (3) low performance, (4) diseases, (5) lameness, (6) udder problems, (7) body condition, and (8) other illnesses. Logistic regression analysis was used to explore the relationship between culling sows and environmental factors. Effects of parity and season of culling were considered as fixed effects in a statistical model.

Results: Descriptive statistics indicated the following factors accounting for sow removals: Old age (34.93%, n=1707), reproductive disorders (29.32%, n=1433), low performance (12.62%, n=617), lameness (12.56%, n=614), diseases (4.8%, n=235), body condition (4.68%, n=229), udder problems (0.79%, n=39), and other illnesses (0.26%, n=13). Parity and season of culling were also found to have a significant effect on sow culling (p<0.05). The majority of culling sows in this population were of old age and high parity.

Conclusion: This study indicated that the purposeful culling of sows on this farm was within the targeted range. However, the incidence of reproductive disorders was too high and required further investigations.
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN HOSPITALIZED OLD MEDICAL PATIENTS; HOW ACTIVE ARE THEY, AND WHAT
Authors: Holst M. , Hansen P.L. , Pedersen L.A. , Paulsen S. , Valentinsen C.D. , Kohler M.
Published: December 2021

Objective: To examine how physically active Danish old medical patients are during hospitalization and to achieve knowledge of motivation and barriers to physical activity. Background: Functional decline in frail old patients during hospitalization is an important clinical problem with potential long-lasting undesirable outcomes and complications. Design: A mixed methods study including qualitative and quantitative methods. Methods: Patients >60 years of age were recruited at two medical departments during one week. Three SenseWear armband monitors were used for quantitative monitoring of physical activity. Semi Structured interviews were used for qualitative data. Results: The study comprised 13 patients, five female and eight male, mean age 73 (SD 9); BMI 19.4-32.1, mean 25.2 (SD 3.7). Only 11 patients completed 24-hours of SenseWear armband monitoring. Half of the participants walked less than 50 steps a day. The majority were bedridden 9 to 15 hours a day. Five of 11 patients had very low activity score. Four patients were moderately active for 19-38 minutes. Five patients sleep less than 6,3 hours, mean 9 (SD 3.3). Lying down was recorded for a mean of 11 hours (SD 4). Factors motivating to physical activity were: Praise and recognition from the staff, experienced boredom, continued ability to perform Activities of Daily Living. Barriers: Symptoms of illness, fear of falling, lack of meaningful activities, inadequate facilities and staff’s lack of focus. Organisational routines such as waiting for physical examinations and rounds, were barriers for patients to get out of bed. Conclusion: Old medical patients were very inactive during hospitalization. Motivation for physical activity was continued ADL abilities, boredom and staff interest, however often hindered by organizational barriers, lack of meaningful activities and focus from staff.
Bioconversion of Industrial Cassava Solid Waste (Onggok) to Bioethanol Using a Saccharification and Fermentation process
Authors: Soeprijanto Soeprijanto , Qomariyah Lailatul , Hamzah Afan , Altway Saidah
Published: December 2021

Cassava solid waste (Onggok) is a by-product of the starch industry containing a lot of fiber, especially cellulose and hemicellulose. It has the potential to be converted to bioethanol. This work aimed to evaluate the effect of feedstocks ratio for the optimal bioethanol production via enzymatic and acidic hydrolysis process in a batch fermentation process. The effect of alpha-amylase and glucoamylase activities was studied. The sulfuric acid concentrations in the hydrolysis process in converting cassava into reducing sugar were also investigated. The reducing sugar was then fermented to produce ethanol. Enzymatic and chemical hydrolysis was carried out with the ratio of onggok(g)/water(L), 50/1, 75/1, and 100/1 (w/v). In the enzymatic hydrolysis, 22.5, 45, and 67.5 KNU (Kilo Novo alpha-amylase Unit) for liquefaction; and 65, 130, and 195 GAU (Glucoamylase Unit) for saccharification, respectively of enzymes were applied. The liquefaction was carried out at 90-100⁰C for 2 hours. The saccharification was executed at 65 ⁰C for 4 hours. Meanwhile, the acidic hydrolysis operating condition was at 90-100 ⁰C for 3 hours. The fermentation was performed at pH 4.5 for 3 days. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) analysis was conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis process. The highest ethanol was yielded in the fermentation at 8.89% with the ratio of onggok to water 100:1, 67.5 KNU of alpha-amylase, and 195 GAU of glucoamylase. Ethanol was further purified utilizing fractional distillation. The final ethanol concentration was at 93-94%.
Mathematical Model of the Thermal Performance of Double-Pass Solar Collector for Solar Energy Application in Sierra Leone
Authors: Bangura Abu Bakarr Momodu , Hantoro Ridho , Fudholi Ahmad , Uwitije Pierre Damien
Published: December 2021

The primary aim of this study was to utilize thermal energy for drying applications on March 21 (day of the year, n = 80) for the climatic weather conditions of Freetown, Sierra Leone. We evaluated the heat absorption of a double-pass solar air collector based on its configuration and exterior input variables before it was designed and mounted at the location of interest. This study considered a steady-state heat transfer using the thermal network procedure for thermodynamic modeling of a double-pass solar collector developed for drying and heating purposes. A mathematical model defining the thermophysical collector properties and many heat transfer coefficients is formed and numerically solved for this purpose. Indeed, this helped us generate the hourly temperature of different heat collector components, which aided in the performance evaluation of the system. The impact of the fluid flowing inside the collector on the temperature of the exit air was analyzed. It was observed that a flow rate of 0.02 kg/s produced an output of 91.72°C. The system's thermal efficiency improves with increased flow rate at various solar radiation intensities. It was observed that the thermal efficiency of the collector increases from 29% to 67% at flow rates of 0.01–0.3 kg/s. Collector lengths of 1.4 and 2.4 m are observed to be economically viable. An increase in the flow rate caused an increase on the efficiency. The hourly outputs for the collector components were represented graphically, and the curve patterns were similar to those of previous studies.
Internet i media mobilne w procesie studiowania – ocena wybranych aspektów kompetencji informacyjnych studentów
Authors: Borawska-Kalbarczyk Katarzyna
Published: December 2021

Nowadays, the Internet has become one of the fundamental elements of functioning in society, also for pupils and students. Using the Internet requires specific skills related to obtaining and processing information. These are known as information literacy. They imply not only the ability to find the necessary information, but also to select reliable information that will meet the information needs of an individual. The article presents the results of research aimed at analyzing the process of using network information resources in the opinion of students. The results of the research made it possible to initially recognize and assess selected aspects of information competences in the studied group. Despite the perceived benefits and not imagining functioning without the Internet, the students showed a quite critical attitude in assessing the reliability of information obtained from the Internet.
1980 SONRASI TÜRKİYE’DE REFAH REJİMİ VE KENT YOKSULLARININ YOKSULLUKLA MÜCADELE STRATEJİLERİNİN DÖNÜŞÜMÜ: SULTANBEYLİ ÖRNEĞİ
Authors: ŞAHİNOĞLU İlker , YILMAZ Nail
Published: December 2021

Yoksullukla mücadele stratejileri ülkede geçerli refah rejimine bağlı olarak değişim göstermektedir. Türkiye’de de gerek yoksulluk gerekse kamunun ve bireylerin yoksullukla mücadele stratejileri ülkede hâkim refah rejiminde 1980 sonrasında gerçekleşen neoliberal dönüşüm süreciyle birlikte farklı bir anlam kazanmışlardır. Bu dönemde refah rejimiyle birlikte yoksulluk da önemli bir değişim yaşamıştır. Yeni yoksulluk kavramının öne çıktığı bu dönemin yoksulları bu dönüşüm süreci sonucunda önceki dönem göçmenlerinin yoksullukla mücadele stratejilerinden ve bu stratejileri besleyen kaynaklardan yoksun kalmışlardır. Bu çalışmanın amacı sözü edilen aşınma sürecinin yoksullar üzerindeki etkilerini ortaya koymaktır. Çalışma kapsamında, sosyal yardım başvurusunda bulunmuş yoksullarla ve yoksullara sosyal yardım ve hizmet sunumunda bulunan kurum personelleriyle derinlemesine görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu görüşmeler neticesinde yoksulların mücadele stratejilerindeki değişim öne çıkmaktadır. Önceki dönemin özellikle konut ve istihdam açısından katkı sağlayan imkanlarının aşınmasıyla yoksullar, hayatlarını sürdürmek üzere 1980 sonrası refah rejiminin öne çıkan bir unsuru olan sosyal yardımlara bağımlı hale gelmişlerdir.
BAĞLANMA STILLERI, SOSYAL DESTEK VE KARIYER UYUMLULUĞU: ALTERNATIF MODELLER
Authors: ERZEN Evren , KARA Ahmet
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırmanın amacı üniversite öğrencilerinin bağlanma stilleri ile sosyal destekleri ve kariyer uyumlulukları arasındaki ilişkilerin değerlendirilmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda dokuz model test edilmiştir. Üç farklı bağlanma stilinin üç farklı kariyer uyumluluğu üzerindeki etkisinde üç farklı sosyal destek değişkeninin aracı rolü sınanmıştır. Araştırmanın çalışma grubu 278 kadın (%70), 119 erkek (%30) olmak üzere 397 katılımcıdan oluşmaktadır. Veri toplama sürecinde Kariyer Uyumluluğu, Üç boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri ve Çok Boyutlu Sosyal Destek ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Veriler yapısal eşitlik modellemesi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Dolaylı etkilerin anlamlılığının test edilmesi için de Bootstrapping yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Sonuçlar kaygılıkararsız bağlanma stilinin kariyer uyumluluğu üzerindeki etkisinde aileden, arkadaştan ve özel kişiden elde edilen sosyal desteğin kısmi aracılık rolü olduğunu göstermektedir.
GÖRMEK İNANMAYA YETER Mİ? GÖRSEL DEZENFORMASYONUN AYIRT EDİCİ BİÇİMİ OLARAK SİYASİ DEEPFAKE İÇERİKLER
Authors: KARAKOÇ Elif , ZEYBEK Burcu
Published: December 2021

Yapay zekâ temelli iletişim teknolojilerinin gelişimi, insan ve makine arasındaki ilişkide, bilginin manipülasyonu noktasında önemli riskler taşımaktadır. Deepfake, söz konusu ilişkide oluşturulduğu teknolojinin ismi gibi “yapay” olmaktan uzaklaştığı ve gün geçtikte gerçek gibi algılandığı bir dünya yaratmaktadır. Temel olarak yapay zekâ destekli görsel dezenformasyon olarak tanımlanan deepfake, bilgiye içkin güvenilirlik sorunsalını gündeme getirmiştir. Bu nedenle dezenformasyon içerikli paylaşımların bilgi manipülasyonu konusundaki risklerini tartışan literatüre, görsel dezenformasyon biçimi olarak sayılabilen deepfake penceresinden bakmanın önem arz ettiği düşünülmektedir. Deepfake, gerçek videolara çok benzeyen sentetik videoların seri üretimini mümkün hale getirmiştir. Türkiye dışında diğer ülkelerde siyasi söylem içeren deepfake videolara ulaşmak mümkündür. Bu çalışmanın çıkış noktası ise Türkiye’deki dezenformasyona ilişkin literatüre, deepfake bağlamında kapsamlı bir katkı sunmaktır. Buradan hareketle görsel dezenformasyonun bir biçimi olarak deepfake yaratma sürecinin temelini oluşturan teknoloji ele alınarak, deepfake teknolojisinin işitsel – görsel medyayı manipüle etmesini mümkün kılan yöntemler aktarılmış ve deepfake videoların nasıl işlediğini anlamayı sağlayacak bilgiler derlendikten sonra deepfake temelli manipülatif içeriklerin, siyasal iletişim bağlamındaki çıkmazları tartışılmıştır.
THE FORMATION OF THE NUCLEAR NON-PROLIFERATION TREATY: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON INTERNATIONAL REGIME THEORIES
Authors: SÜVARİ Kahraman , NAS Çiğdem
Published: December 2021

This study examines the factors affecting the emergence of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), which is the main mechanism of the international regime formed to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons, through the basic assumptions of the regime theories. This study addresses the following question: What factors were at play when the NPT was formed? This study’s research method is testing theoretical assumptions with a case study. Within this framework, the regime theories used in this study concern especially why states cooperate over a specific issue. Factors affecting the formation and persistence of regimes are examined through three different approaches in the regime theories: power-based, cognitive-based, and interest-based approaches. The NPT seems to have a two-tier structure. Still, all actors that become a party to the treaty benefit from this cooperation. In this context, this study argues that the assumptions of interest-based approaches about the emergence of the NPT are more explanatory than others.
OYUNLAŞTIRMA UYGULAMALARININ, İNSAN KAYNAKLARI YÖNETİMİNİN TEKNİK KAPSAMINDA KULLANILMASININ ALGILANAN BAŞARISI ÜZERİNE BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: HATİPOĞLU Hümeyra Nur , TÜRKER M. Volkan
Published: December 2021

Bu araştırma, bankalarda işe alım, eğitim, performans ve kariyer yönetimi süreçlerinde uygulanmakta olan oyunlaştırma faaliyetlerinin algılanan başarısında bir farklılık olup olmadığını anlamak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Oyunlaştırmanın kullanımı hakkında bilgi edinmek için öncelikle oyunlaştırma uygulayan 6 özel bankalardan 7 yetkili ile görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Görüşmelerden elde edilen bilgilere göre, işe alım süreçlerinde oyunlaştırma kullanımında adayların anlık olarak ilgisinin çekilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi, eğitim sürecinde belirlenen konu hakkında çalışanın bilgisinin arttırılması ve verilen eğitimin pekiştirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Performans yönetimi sürecinde çalışanlarının performanslarını arttırmak amacıyla 3-6 aylık dönemlerde oyunlaştırma uygulamalarından yararlanılmaktadır. Kariyer yönetimi sürecinde ise çalışanları elde tutmak amacıyla yetenek yönetimi faaliyetlerinde, şube ya da birim değişikliğinde veya liderlik akademilerinde oyunlaştırmanın uygulandığı belirlenmiştir. Yapılan araştırmada işe alım ile eğitim süreçlerinde oyunlaştırma kullanımı kısa vadeli uygulanması nedeniyle birinci grup olarak tanımlanmıştır. Performans yönetimi ve kariyer yönetiminde oyunlaştırma kullanımı ise daha uzun vadeli uygulandığı için ikinci grup olarak belirlenmiştir. Belirlenen iki gruptan toplamda 345 çalışana “Oyunlaştırma İçin Oyunsu Deneyim Ölçeği (GAMEX)” uygulanmıştır. Sonuç olarak performans ve kariyer yönetimi alanlarında uygulanmakta olan oyunlaştırma faaliyetlerinin işe alım ve eğitim alanında uygulanmakta olan oyunlaştırma faaliyetlerine göre çalışanlar tarafından yaratıcı düşünme ve harekete geçirme algısının daha yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir.
FIRST OBJECT RELATIONS AND EARLY MALADAPTIVE SCHEMAS IN ADULTHOOD
Authors: FARAJİ Haydeh , BAŞÇELİK Elif
Published: December 2021

Both object relations theory and early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) are related to the quality of the bond established with the first objects. This bond affects on the psychological structures of the individuals, their choice of romantic partners and the relationship processes with these romantic partners in adulthood, by creating a template for the future. In this study, the relationship between first object relations and EMSs was examined. In order to examine the relationship between these two concepts, Bell Object Relations and Reality Testing Inventory (BORRTI), Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form 3 (YSQ-SF3) and personal information form were applied to a sample of 501 people living in Istanbul. According to our results, there was a significant correlation between object relations and EMSs. After the regression analyzes that we conducted it was found that object relations subscales predicts EMSs.
ÜNİVERSİTE REKTÖRLERİNİN SOSYAL MEDYA KULLANIMLARININ MABAC YÖNTEMİ İLE DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ
Authors: DEMİRTAŞ Mehmet Can
Published: December 2021

Sosyal medya, kar amacı olsun ya da olmasın işletmelerin; bireylerin ve kamunun iletişim hedeflerinin sağlanmasında yararlanılan çok güncel ve teknoloji temelli bir iletişim kanalıdır. Yükseköğretim kurumları olarak üniversiteler ve üniversiteleri yöneten rektörlerin de paydaşları ile iletişimlerinde sosyal medya yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışma; çok kriterli karar verme tekniklerinden birisi olan MABAC yöntemini kullanarak Türkiye’de yer alan kamu ve vakıf üniversite rektörlerinin “Twitter, Instagram ve Facebook” isimli sosyal medya platformları üzerindeki kullanımlarına ilişkin değerlendirmede bulunma amacı taşımaktadır. MABAC yönteminin uygulama sürecinde sıralama kriterleri “takipçi sayısı, gönderi sayısı, beğeni sayısı ve ortalama beğeni” şeklinde ve eşit ağırlıkta belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda kamu üniversiteleri rektörleri açısından “Twitter”da Prof. Dr. Melih Bulu, “Instagram ve Facebook”ta ise Prof. Dr. Nihat Hatipoğlu’nun ilk sırada yer aldığı görülmektedir. Vakıf üniversiteleri rektörleri açısından ise; “Twitter”da Prof. Dr. İ. Yaşar Hacısalihoğlu, “Instagram”da Prof. Dr. Şahin Karasar ve “Facebook”ta ise Prof. Dr. Türkay Dereli’nin ilk sırada yer aldığı bulgulanmıştır. Her üç sosyal medya platformunda da ilk beş sıra içerisinde yer alan rektörler ise Prof. Dr. Nihat Hatipoğlu ve Prof. Dr. F.S. Nükhet Hotar olarak tespit edilmiştir.
YENİ MEDYA, YENİ ETKİLEYENLER VE ETKİLEYENLİ PAZARLAMA: SEKTÖREL BİR BAKIŞ AÇISI
Authors: ÖZEL Aybike
Published: December 2021

Günümüzde, yeni kanaat önderleri olarak adlandırılan etkileyenler (influencers) sosyal medyada birçok alanda çeşitli marka ve şirketlerle işbirlikleri yürütmekte ve elektronik ağızdan ağıza iletişiminin önemli aktörleri durumunda konumlandırılmaktadırlar. Bu nedenle bu çalışmanın amacı, etkileyenli pazarlama (influencer marketing) uygulamalarına yönelik olarak bu alanda faaliyet gösteren ajansların genel olarak etkileyenli pazarlamayı hangi alanlarda ve ne amaçla kullandığı, etkileyen kişiler ve şirketler arasındaki işbirliğinin nasıl sağlandığı, geleneksel medya harcamalarıyla etkileyenli pazarlama bütçelerinin arasındaki farklılıklar, ülkemizdeki genel durum ve geleceğe yönelik öngörülerin neler olduğunun incelenmesidir. Bu çalışma etkileyenli pazarlama faaliyetlerinin işleyiş sürecini analiz etmek ve sektör profesyonellerinin geleceğe yönelik öngörülerini değerlendirmek açısından alana katkı sağlar niteliktedir. Bu bağlamda influencer marketing ajans yöneticileriyle bir görüşme gerçekleştirilmiştir. Etkileyenli pazarlama alanında faaliyet gösteren başlıca şirketler arasında yer alan INFLOW Summits, 2gether Social Şirketi, Target Digital Şirketi, Bubble Project Şirketi ve WeLog Social Influencer Marketing şirket yöneticileri ile görüşme yapılmıştır. Buna göre etkileyenli pazarlama özellikle lansman/ relansman ve satış desteği amacıyla yapılmaktadır. Başlıca etkileyenli pazarlama yapılan sektörler olarak seyahat, tekstil, hızlı tüketim ürünleri, gıda ve kozmetik alanları gelmektedir.
SAĞLIK MEZENFORMASYONU: ÇEVRİMİÇİ KANALLARDAN YAYILAN YANLIŞ BİLGİ SALGINI
Authors: BÜYÜKAFŞAR Mehmet
Published: December 2021

Yalan haber tanımlaması içerisinde yer alan ikili ayrımdan; dezenformasyon ve mezenformasyon kavramlarının tanımından hareketle yalan haberi üretmedeki ve yaymadaki niyetler okunabilir. Dezenformasyon kavramına göre “kötü niyet” taşımama özelliğiyle farklılaşan mezenformasyon kavramının çok da masum davranışları tanımlamadığını; sosyal medya platformları aracılığıyla paylaşılan yanıltıcı ve yönlendirici mesajların, yalan haber meselesinin merkezinde yer aldığını ayrıca belirtmek gerekir. Son dönemde Covid-19 salgının ortaya çıkmasıyla birlikte hastalık hakkında geliştirilen söylentiler bir çığ gibi büyüyerek neyin doğru neyin yanlış olarak kodlanacağının muğlaklaştırıldığı yeni bir iletişim ortamına işaret etmektedir. Bu çalışmayla birlikte, kulaktan dolma ve çoğunlukla bilimsel bir veriye dayanmayan bilgilerin, insan sağlığını tehlikeye atacak kadar etkili olduğuna dikkat çekilmek istenilmektedir. Ayrıca, insanların bilinçsiz olarak paylaştığı sağlık konusundaki yanlış bilgilerin, topluma nasıl zararlar verebileceğine; tüm bu faaliyetlerin yöntemlerine, başlıca türlerine, amaçlarına ve sonuç olarak da kullanıcılar nezdinde ulaşılabilecek muhtemel çözümlere, ilgili literatür kapsamında odaklanılmaktadır. Tüm bu unsurları, dönüşen iletişim deneyimleri ve Covid-19 pandemisinde yaşanılan tecrübeler çerçevesinde belirli bir örneklem üzerinden ortaya çıkarmayı hedefleyen çalışmanın ayrıca, yanlış bilgi kullanımına karşı medya kullanıcılarının istifade edebileceği bir kılavuz oluşturma amacı taşıdığını da belirtmek gerekir.
Investigation of androgen receptor gene CAG repeat length polymorphism in pubertal gynecomastia
Authors: Düzçeker Yasemin , Pehlivantürk-Kızılkan Melis , Akgül Sinem , Özgül Rıza Köksal , Kanbur Nuray , Derman Orhan
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Androgen receptor gene CAG repeat, AR (CAG)n, polymorphism is thought to have an effect on male reproductive functions and a relationship between long AR (CAG)n and decreased androgenic activity has been shown. Therefore, we hypothesized that in adolescents with long AR CAG repeat the prevalence of pubertal gynecomastia (PG) will be higher and we aimed to investigate the association between AR (CAG)n polymorphism and PG in Turkish adolescents.

Methods

Adolescents with PG between 11 and 19 years of age were enrolled as the study group and healthy individuals without a history of PG, who were at least 14 years of age and Tanner 4 or 5 were enrolled as the control group. The AR (CAG)n length was detected by direct DNA sequencing analysis and reproductive hormones were measured by standardized analyses.

Results

The mean AR (CAG)n was 22.3 ± 2.6 (mean ± SD) in the PG group (n=101) and 21.9 ± 3.1 (mean ± SD) in the control group (n=88) (p=0.276). The adolescents with short AR (CAG)n had lower body mass index standard deviation scores (BMI SDS) compared to the adolescents with intermediate and long repeat numbers (p=0.029).

Conclusions

The results of this study showed a lack of direct association between AR (CAG)n and PG. However, the significant relationship between the AR (CAG)n quartiles and BMI SDS suggests that long AR (CAG)n might cause PG indirectly. Further studies are needed to better clarify this relationship.
A single-centre study of genetic mutations, audiology, echocardiogram and pulmonary function in Saudi children with osteogenesis imperfecta
Authors: Ahmad Noman , Aleysae Nabil Abdulrahman , Sobaihi MrougeMohamed , Naitah NisreenAbdulaziz , Rasol Mohammed Amin , Al-Kouatli Amjad Adnan , Almaghamsi Talal Mohammad , Heaphy Emily Lenore Goldman , Attiyah Meshal Hassan , Hrays MaymoonaAbdelmouz , Alghamdi Balgees , Alzahrani Ali Saeed
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited connective tissue disorders, characterised by skeletal fragility. Patients with OI may also exhibit extra-skeletal features like blue or grey scleral colour, fragile skin, easy bruising, joint laxity, short stature, deafness, cardiac valve abnormalities and abnormal pulmonary function. The objective of this study is to describe genetic mutations, prevalence of hearing issues, cardiac complications and impaired pulmonary function in children with OI.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional study of 23 Saudi children aged 6 months to 18 years who were diagnosed with OI. The revised Sillence classification (2,105) was used to classify the OI type. Whole exome sequencing was performed for genetic mutations. The hearing was assessed by either pure-tone audiometry and/or otoacoustic emission testing. Cardiac defects were screened by echocardiograms. Spirometry was performed to assess pulmonary function. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics.

Results

Based on the Sillence classification, 16 patients had OI type III, 6 had type IV and 1 had type I. Of the18 patients who had genetic sequencing, 66.6% had autosomal dominant and 33.3% had autosomal recessive mutations. Among children who had screening, hearing loss was diagnosed in 53% (9/17), congenital cardiac malformations in 26% (5/19) and restrictive lung disease in 70% (7/10).

Conclusions

We found significant extra-skeletal features and a high yield of genetic mutations associated with OI. We suggest further studies to develop a screening protocol for extra-skeletal features in children with OI.
Weight management in youth with rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysregulation, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural crest tumor (ROHHAD-NET): literature search and case report
Authors: Marpuri Ian , Ra Esther , Naguib Monica N. , Vidmar Alaina P.
Published: December 2021

Objectives

Rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, autonomic dysregulation, and neural endocrine tumor (ROHHAD-NET) syndrome is a youth-onset constellation of symptoms including rapid-onset obesity with hypothalamic dysfunction, hypoventilation, and autonomic dysregulation. Despite growing understanding of the clinical classification of this syndrome there is limited investigation into treatment of the rapid-onset obesity which can be progressive and life-limiting. The purpose of this case report is to describe the clinical timeline and treatment of severe obesity in a patient with of ROHHAD-NET and propose recommendations for the treatment of associated obesity.

Case presentation

We present the case of a 10-year-old female with a clinical presentation consistent with ROHHAD-NET who achieved clinically meaningful weight loss with a combination of lifestyle modification and anti-obesity pharmacotherapies. We report on the use of three separate pharmacological agents and ultimately the referral for bariatric surgery.

Conclusions

Given that early-onset obesity and hypoventilation are life-limiting components of this condition, early recognition and treatment are essential to improve health outcomes.
Evaluation of the phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potentials of Vitex agnus-castus L. leaves and fruits
Authors: Kımna Ceren , Fafal Tuğçe
Published: December 2021

Objectives

In this study, we aim at deciphering the phenolic content of Vitex agnus-castus L. leaf and fruit extracts prepared with different methods and relate it to their antioxidant activity.

Methods

In this study, phenolic compounds and the antioxidant potential of the ethanol fruit and leaf extracts of V. agnus-castus L. (Chaste tree) were evaluated spectrometrically. Furthermore, selected polyphenols, i.e., chlorogenic acid and rutin, were determined by the HPLC-DAD method qualitatively and quantitatively.

Results

The results obtained from leaf and fruit extracts were compared with a commercial product (CP) containing the fruit extract of V. agnus-castus. Leaf extract was found to be richer in flavonoids when compared to the fruit counterparts. Accordingly, they also showed higher antioxidant activity.

Conclusions

Extracts prepared here can be considered as promising antioxidant agents for future therapeutic formulations.
Contextual Factors Influencing Physical Activity and Technical Performance in Australian Football League Women's Competition Match-Play
Authors: Leabeater Alana J. , Coutts Aaron J. , Clarke Anthea C. , Sullivan Courtney J.
Published: December 2021

Leabeater, A, Clarke, A, and Sullivan, C. Contextual factors influencing physical activity and technical performance in AFLW competition match-play. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 194–199, 2023—The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of contextual factors on physical activity and technical match performance during Australian Football League Women's (AFLW) competition match-play. The study was of a retrospective longitudinal design and used physical activity and technical data collected from female Australian Football players (n = 49) from 1 team during 23 AFLW competition games over 3 seasons. A three-level linear mixed model was constructed to investigate the influence of different contextual factors (match-related variables) on relative total distance (TD), relative high-speed running (HSR) distance, and ranking points during AFLW match-play. The results showed that from season 1 to season 3, relative TD increased by 2.0 m·min−1 (ES: 0.06 [−0.04 to 0.16], p < 0.05) and relative HSR increased by 4.1 m·min−1 (ES: 0.22 [0.14–0.31], p < 0.001). Interstate matches were associated with a reduction of 5.1 m·min−1 per match in TD (ES: −0.21 [−0.30 to −0.12], p < 0.001) and 2.5 m·min−1 in HSR distance (ES: −0.22 [−0.31 to −0.13], p < 0.001). Total disposals were associated with a 0.23 m·minute−1 reduction in HSR for that player (ES: −0.13 [−0.22 to 0.04], p < 0.01). Match margin was the only contextual factor to influence ranking points/min (0.007 AU·min−1, ES: 0.30 [0.21–0.38], p < 0.001). In conclusion, this study shows that player physical activity may be reduced during interstate AFLW matches; the average HSR has increased since the start of the AFLW competition and may reflect increasing match activity profiles, and players have a greater rate of accumulation of ranking points when the score difference is greater.
The Effects of 3 vs. 5 Days of Training Cessation on Maximal Strength
Authors: Travis S. Kyle , Mujika Iñigo , Zwetsloot Kevin A. , Gentles Jeremy A. , Stone Michael H. , Bazyler Caleb D.
Published: December 2021

Travis, SK, Mujika, I, Zwetsloot, KA, Gentles, JA, Stone, MH, and Bazyler, CD. The effects of 3 vs. 5 days of training cessation on maximal strength. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 633–640, 2022—The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 vs. 5 days of training cessation on body composition, perceived recovery and stress state, and maximal strength. Nineteen strength-trained athletes (23.8 ± 4.1 year; 90.8 ± 20.7 kg; 174.2 ± 7.3 cm) completed a powerlifting specific 4-week training block followed by either 3 or 5 days of training cessation. During the 4-week training block, athletes were trained 3 days per week, performing 3–4 movements that included at least 2–3 competition lifts per session while performing 4–5 sets of 3–5 repetitions with intensity ranging from 75 to 100% 1 repetition maximum (1RM). Body composition, psychometric measures, upper-body maximal strength, and lower-body maximal strength were assessed before (T1) and after 4 weeks of training (T2) and at 3 or 5 days of training cessation (T3). The alpha level was set at p < 0.05. After the 4-week training block (T1 to T2), trivial significant increases in body mass (p = 0.016, Hedge's g = 0.04) and bench press 1RM (p = 0.01, g = 0.16) were observed, as well as small significant increases in back squat 1RM (p < 0.001, g = 0.23), deadlift 1RM (p = 0.003, g = 0.20), powerlifting total (p < 0.001, g = 0.21), and Wilks Score (p < 0.001, g = 0.27). There were no significant differences between groups for isometric back squat performance, psychometric measures, and body composition after training cessation (T2–T3). However, small significant decreases in isometric bench press performance were observed after 5 days (p < 0.001, g = 0.16), but not 3 days of training cessation. The results of this study suggest maximal lower-body strength can be preserved during 3 and 5 days of training cessation, but maximal upper-body strength is only preserved for 3 days after 4 weeks of strength training in athletes.
Velocity-Specific Coactivation and Neuromuscular Responses to Fatiguing, Reciprocal, Isokinetic, Forearm Flexion, and Extension Muscle Actions
Authors: Neltner Tyler J. , Anders John Paul V. , Keller Joshua L. , Smith Robert W. , Housh Terry J. , Schmidt Richard J. , Johnson Glen O.
Published: December 2021

Neltner, TJ, Anders, JPV, Keller, JL, Smith, RW, Housh, TJ, Schmidt, RJ, and Johnson, GO. Velocity-specific coactivation and neuromuscular responses to fatiguing, reciprocal, isokinetic, forearm flexion, and extension muscle actions. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 649–660, 2022—The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of fatiguing, reciprocal, maximal, isokinetic, forearm flexion, and extension on coactivation. Ten recreationally trained women (mean ± SD: age = 21 ± 1.63 years) performed 50 maximal, reciprocal, isokinetic, forearm flexion, and extension muscle actions at 60 and 180°·s−1 on separate days. Electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG) signals from the biceps brachii (BB) and triceps brachii (TB) were recorded. A 2 (time) × 2 (velocity) × 2 (movement) and 4 separate 2 (time) × 2 (velocity) × 2 (muscle) × 2 (movement) repeated-measures analysis of variances were used to examine normalized torque and normalized EMG and MMG amplitude (AMP) and mean power frequency, respectively, with an alpha of p < 0.05. There were no significant interactions for torque but a main effect for time (p < 0.001, d = 3.29) such that it decreased. There was a significant four-way interaction for EMG AMP (p = 0.004,

= 0.61) which revealed parallel responses between the BB and TB during both movements, with no changes at 60°·s−1 and increases at 180°·s−1. The current findings suggested a common drive between agonist and antagonist muscles during fatiguing forearm flexion and extension muscle actions, with velocity-specific activation strategies. In addition, both EMG and MMG are viable techniques for assessing coactivation during fatiguing exercise.
Hip Abductor Power and Velocity: Reliability and Association With Physical Function
Authors: Lanza Marcel B. , Kang Jin H. , Karl Hayley , Myers Jacob , Ryan Erin , Gray Vicki L.
Published: December 2021

Lanza, MB, Jin, KH, Karl, H, Myers, J, Ryan, E, and Gray, VL. Hip abductor power and velocity: reliability and association with physical function. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 284–290, 2023—Muscle power, defined as the ability of the muscle to produce torque quickly, has received little attention and may be critical for understanding physical function and performance. Hip abductors' capacity to produce power through both torque and velocity is important for different human activities; hence, a reliable assessment of hip abduction is critical. The first aim of the study was to assess the intersession reliability of hip abductor muscles maximal torque and submaximal power and power during standing hip abduction in young adults using pneumatic resistance. A secondary aim was to investigate whether there was a relationship between hip abductor maximal torque and submaximal power and velocity with clinical assessments of strength and power in young adults. The subjects (n = 24; 26.0 ± 3.7 years) visited the laboratory 2 times. In the first visit, the subjects performed on a pneumatic resistance machine 1-repetition maximum (1RM) and submaximal tests (40, 60, and 70% of 1RM) of the hip abductors and clinical tests of lower-extremity strength and power (The 30-second chair stand test [30CST]; and stair climb power test). During the second visit, all tests were repeated except the clinical tests. One-repetition maximum torque and submaximal power and velocity (at all levels) had excellent reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.943) with absolute reliability of 13.5% up to 28.3%. The agreement between days from Bland-Altman plots for power and velocity was near 0 for all levels. Hip abduction velocity had a significant positive correlation with 30CST at 60% (r = 0.416; p = 0.048) and 70% of 1RM (r = 0.442; p = 0.035). In conclusion, we showed an excellent intersession reliability of the hip abductor muscles 1RM torque and submaximal power and velocity using pneumatic resistance. Furthermore, we demonstrated that hip abduction velocity might be important for the performance of the 30CST.
Slowing the Path of Time: Age-Related and Normative Fitness Testing Data for Police Officers From a Health and Wellness Program
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Orr Robin M. , Dawes J. Jay
Published: December 2021

Lockie, RG, Orr, RM, and Dawes, JJ. Slowing the path of time: Age-related and normative fitness testing data for police officers from a health and wellness program. J Strength Cond Res 36(3): 747–756, 2022—This study investigated the effects of age on the fitness of police officers participating in a health and wellness program. Normative percentile rank data were also produced for each fitness test for each year, considering age and sex. Archival data from 2018 (170 men and 39 women) and 2019 (194 men and 44 women) were analyzed. Data included estimated maximal aerobic capacity (V̇o
2max), sit and reach, push-ups, vertical jump (VJ), grip strength, sit-ups, and bench press ratio. The officers in each year were grouped by age: 20–29, 30–39, 40–49, and 50+ years. A univariate analysis of covariance with Bonferroni’s post hoc adjustment determined significant between-group differences. In 2018, the 40–49 and 50+ groups had a lower V̇o
2max, lesser sit and reach, VJ, and grip strength, and completed fewer push-ups and sit-ups than the younger groups (p ≤ 0.027). In 2019, the 40–49 and 50+ groups had a lower V̇o
2max, lesser sit and reach, VJ, grip strength, and bench press ratio, and completed fewer push-ups than the younger groups (p ≤ 0.034). There were no significant differences between the 20–29 and 30–39 groups. The percentile ranks demonstrated that except for sit and reach, most female officers were placed in the 0–19% ranks. Even for officers participating in a health and wellness program, those 40+ years old tended to have lesser fitness than younger officers. Older officers may have transitioned into roles requiring less physical activity, so should be encouraged to participate in health and wellness programs. The percentile ranks provide comparative data for practitioners and reinforce the need for female and older officers to complete specific fitness training.
Focus of Attention During ACL Injury Prevention Exercises Affects Improvements in Jump-Landing Kinematics in Soccer Players: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Dalvandpour Nazanin , Zareei Mostafa , Abbasi Hamed , Abdoli Behrouz , Mohammadian Mohammad A. , Rommers Nikki , Rössler Roland
Published: December 2021

Dalvandpour, N, Zareei, M, Abbasi, H, Abdoli, B, Mohammadian, MA, Rommers, N, and Rössler, R. Focus of attention during ACL injury prevention exercises affects improvements in jump-landing kinematics in soccer players: a randomized controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 37(2): 337–342, 2023—Anterior cruciate ligament tears are severe and complex knee injuries that commonly occur in soccer. Prevent injuries enhance performance (PEP) is an exercise-based prevention program to effectively reduce anterior cruciate ligament injuries. It is, however, unclear how the delivery of the program contributes to its effectiveness. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of the focus of attention that was emphasized during the delivery of the PEP program on jump-landing kinematics in male, elite-level, U21 soccer players. Forty-two players participated in this randomized controlled trial and were allocated to (a) the internal focus of attention (IF) group, receiving instructions focusing on the execution of the exercise (b), the external focus of attention (EF) group, receiving instructions focusing on the outcome of the exercise, or (c) the control group. Before and after the 8-week intervention, players performed a jump-landing task during which we measured hip and knee angles at the initial contact, peak knee flexion, and peak vertical ground reaction force using a 3-dimensional motion analyzer. A repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to compare groups over time. Significant time-by-group interaction effects with large effect sizes were found for hip flexion at all moments (p < 0.032; η2 > 0.15) and for the knee flexion angle at initial contact and maximum knee flexion (p < 0.001; η2 > 0.35), all in favor of the EF group. This shows that EF during PEP improves hip and knee joint kinematics in the sagittal plane more than IF. Therefore, EF during PEP instructions is preferred to increase the effectiveness of this injury prevention program.
Validity of Session Rating of Perceived Exertion for Measuring Training Load in Youth Team Handball Players
Authors: Pedersen Alex , Randers Morten B. , Luteberget Live S. , Møller Merete
Published: December 2021

Pedersen, A, Randers, MB, Luteberget, LS, and Møller, M. Validity of session rating of perceived exertion for measuring training load in youth team handball players. J Strength Cond Res 37(1): 174–180, 2023—Session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) is a subjective self-reported measure of training load and is a popular method in several different team sports. This study aimed to investigate the validity of sRPE, by correlating sRPE load (sRPE × minutes of training) and heart rate (HR) expressed as Edwards Summated Heart Rate Zones (SHRZ) and PlayerLoad among Danish youth team handball players. Second, the study aimed to investigate sRPE load's ability to descriptively differentiate between a low and a high training load category. A comparative cross-sectional study was conducted in the in-season period. Fourteen training sessions were measured from 6 teams, in which PlayerLoad, Edwards SHRZ, and sRPE load were measured for the training session and collected from 47 subjects (23 males and 24 females). Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficients were calculated between sRPE load and Edwards SHRZ and PlayerLoad. Furthermore, a high and a low load category were made from PlayerLoad or Edwards SHRZ to investigate sRPE load's ability to discriminate between high and low objective load. Large correlations between sRPE load and Edwards SHRZ (0.52 [95% CI 0.27:0.70]) and between sRPE load and PlayerLoad (0.67 [95% CI 0.47:0.80]) were observed. Our findings further indicate that sRPE load can differentiate between a high and a low training load category in both Edwards SHRZ and PlayerLoad. Our results show that sRPE load reflects both internal and external load during team handball training sessions and seems to discriminate between high- and low-intensity training sessions. These results support the validity of sRPE load for measuring training load in young team handball players.
Training Methods to Increase Throwing Velocity in Baseball Athletes: A Brief Review
Authors: Job Trey D.W. , Neville Jonathan , Cahill Micheál J. , Bourgeois Frank A. , Crotin Ryan L. , Cronin John B.
Published: December 2021

Throwing velocity is a crucial component to success in baseball athletes, especially at the position of pitcher. Through practice and proper instruction, pitchers can refine their pitching mechanics to maximize efficiency and throwing velocity in tandem with improving injury resistance. Non-specific training such as gym-based resistance training has been used concurrently with baseball skills training to enhance athletic abilities, including throwing velocity. Increases in throwing velocity have been observed while training with lighter (greater than 12 repetition maximum [RM]) and heavier (3–12 RM) loads. Specific training such as variably weighted baseballs has also been utilized to facilitate increases in throwing velocity. Throwing velocity has also been successfully increased using balls overweight and underweight than the standard five-ounce baseball. More clarity is needed regarding necessary strength levels, range of motion, and progressions in ball mass or throwing volume when applying this training mode. Training methods to increase throwing velocity in baseball athletes should include resistance training with a variety of loads and throwing variably weighted baseballs within the athlete's capability.
Security and adjustment to systemic competition (strategic choice of the new government of Germany)
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Sindeev Aleksey
Published: December 2021

The article considers the problem of correlation of systemic competition and security. The author refused to analyze the intentions of new federal government in military-strategic sphere, since there is no novelty in them, and, in his opinion, it is now more relevant to understand security on the basis of studying the nature and directions of systemic competition in Europe. The article makes recommendations, discussion of which can contribute to strengthening cooperation between various partners.
Ten days of the new coalition government in Germany
Authors:   Institute of Europe of Russian Academy Sciences, Belov Vladislav
Published: December 2021

On December 15, 2021, a week after the appointment of a new cabinet, Federal Chancellor O. Scholz delivered a keynote speech to Bundestag deputies. He outlined main directions of his activities for the next four years. At the same time, leaders of the coalition parties, heading the key ministries, took a number of steps during the first days, which were received ambiguously by the opposition and expert community. The author analyzes the beginning of the federal government’s work and assesses its prospects.
LANGUAGE, COMMUNICATION AND PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION
Authors: VOLKOVA SVETLANA
Published: December 2021

The author argues that understanding crisis phenomena in an education system, as well as conditions of upgrading this system, is connected with development of a philosophy of education focused on such categories as language and communication. The heuristic and productive nature of theory of communicative action and hermeneutics is shown while comprehending the specific nature of learning environment where a pedagogical interaction between a teacher and students is carried out. Taking into account the ideas of J. Habermas, H. G. Gadamer and L. Wittgenstein, it is shown that education is a process of human development if it is organised as a process of searching for and generating meanings by the students. This educational process model corresponding to essential human need for self-understanding and self-expression.
POSSIBILITIES OF EXISTENTIAL PHILOSOPHY IN PSYCHOLOGICAL PRACTICE
Authors: KABANOVA LILIA
Published: December 2021

The problems of modern psychology are immense, and there are many different directions, methods, approaches. All of them actively represent themselves both in the professional and public sphere, which is a positive thing, but you should think about the internal essence of mass psychological content. Psychology asks questions about processes, about changes in the mental, but not about what the mental is and, most importantly, it does not ask questions about the conscious. This is addressed by existentially oriented philosophy the use of which in physiological practice seems necessary and meaningful.
LEONID ANDREYEV’S AND PÄR LAGERKVIST’S WORKS IN THE CONTEXT OF EXPRESSIONISM: THE PROBLEM STATEMENT
Authors: Sharapenkova Natalia , Yakusheva Polina
Published: December 2021

The article substantiates the classification of the creative methods of Leonid Andreyev (1871-1917) and Pär Lagerkvist (1891-1974) as expressionistic. Expressionism was the leading art and literature direction in the early XX century. The authors trace back the Russian and foreign academic tradition of viewing certain periods of these writers’ creative career as expressionistic. This tradition is based on some of the characteristics present in their works, such as heightened expression, one-dimensional characters, static scenes, grotesque forms, colour contrasts, the depiction of a chaotic world, and a nervous and alienated person within it. The authors come to the conclusion that the expressionist works of Leonid Andreyev and Pär Lagerkvist can be most effectively compared by employing the historical typological method developed by Victor Zhirmunsky.