bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Studies on the Effect of Foliar Application of Micronutrients for Growth, Yield, Economic Traits and Leaf Nutrient Content in Cashew (Anacardium occidantale L.) Var. VRI 3
Authors: Rajamanickam C. , Baskaran A. , Muralidharan B.
Published: November 2023

The present field experiment on studies on the effect of foliar application of micronutrients for growth, yield, economic traits and leaf nutrient content of cashew var. VRI-3 was carried out at Horticultural College and Research Institute, Periyakulam and an experiment was conducted at a farmer’s field at Kandamanur, Theni District during the year 2016 – 2017, 2017 – 2018 and 2018 – 2019. The objective is to enhance the growth, flowering, nut yield, and economic traits of cashew var. VRI 3. Experiment was laid out in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with seven treatments and replicated thrice. Foliar application of micronutrients was done three times in a year June – July, October – November and January – February with ten years old randomly selected trees. Experimental results revealed that the highest values of growth, flowering and yield traits were recorded in the treatment T4 (NPK + micronutrient combination II (Recommended dose of fertilizer along with 0.75 % ZnSO4 + 0.75 % CuSO4 + 0.75 % FeSO4 + 0.2 % MnSO4 + 0.5 % Boric acid) such as plant height, number of panicle per m2, number of fruits per panicle, average apple weight, number of fruits per tree, average nut weight, 100 nut weight, yield per tree, estimated yield and B:C ratio for three years whereas the control (T1) registered the lowest values for all the traits were observed. The same trend was noticed in leaf nutrient content. T4 exhibited the highest values of leaf nutrient content such as N,P,K and micronutrient contents viz., Iron, Zinc, Manganese and Copper whereas the lowest values were recorded in control (T1). In the present study it was concluded that the T4 registered the highest values for growth, yield and economic traits of cashew var. VRI-3.
Implementation of Transformational Leadership of Madrasah Principals in State Tsanawiyah Madrasah (MTsN) 4 and State Tsanawiyah Madrasah (MTsN) 5 Tulungagung, East Java, Indonesia in Improving Performance Quality
Authors: Zamawi Sehin Ahresi , Akhyak  , Teguh  , Maftukhin  , Sokip
Published: November 2023

This study aims to revisit the pattern of transformational leadership in improving the quality of performance. This is generally motivated by the existence of decentralization in the world of education, where the madrasah head is given freedom to make decisions in the madrasah environment. Therefore, the leadership style of the madrasah head will affect the quality of all elements in the madrasah environment. This condition is in response to the number of educators who are indifferent to increasing their competence as educators, which affects the quality of their performance. Finally, there is a sense of discomfort in the process of subordinate performance. The main purpose of transformational leadership is presented in educational institutions to improve the quality of performance by implementing its major theories, namely, Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual stimulation, Individual Consideration. In order to provide an academic framework, this study uses a qualitative approach with the type of field research through primary sources conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation steps that are then carried out through data reduction, data display, and data verification. The findings in this study indicate the following: 1) the implementation of transformational leadership of madrasah principals in building subordinate trust, 2) implementation in building motivation to subordinates is carried out by madrasah principals by providing rewards and punishments to subordinates in an effort to provide appreciation, 3) implementation in building the innovation power of subordinates is carried out by the madrasah head by analyzing the performance of subordinates, building communication with subordinates, making clear job descriptions, and actualizing subordinate thoughts about their potential so that subordinates are able to improve their quality, 4) implementation in building the individual abilities of subordinates carried out by the madrasah head, namely by creating discussion space between subordinates, building subordinate thinking, and increasing workshops in madrasah.
Prices for Common Services at Quaternary vs Nonquaternary Hospitals
Authors: Yan Brandon W. , Pany Maximilian J. , Dafny Leemore S. , Chernew Michael E.
Published: November 2023

This study uses commercial claims data to assess whether quaternary hospitals charge higher prices for common, unspecialized services also offered by nonquaternary hospitals.
Cognitive and Emotional Well-Being of Preschool Children Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Finegold Katherine E. , Knight Julia A. , Hung Rayjean J. , Ssewanyana Derrick , Wong Jody , Bertoni Kashtin , Adel Khani Nadya , Watson Harmoni , Levitan Robert D. , Jenkins Jennifer M. , Matthews Stephen G. , Wade Mark
Published: November 2023

Importance

The association between COVID-19 social disruption and young children’s development is largely unknown.

Objective

To examine associations of pandemic exposure with neurocognitive and socioemotional development at 24 and 54 months of age.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This cross-sectional study evaluated associations between pandemic exposure vs nonexposure and developmental outcomes with covariate adjustment using data from the Ontario Birth Study collected between February 2018 and June 2022. Eligible participants were children aged 24 and 54 months. Data were analyzed from June to November 2022.

Exposure

COVID-19 pandemic exposure defined as assessment after March 11, 2020.

Main Outcome and Measures

Neurodevelopmental assessment using the ASQ-3 (Ages and Stages Questionnaire, Third Edition) and MCHAT-R (Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers, Revised) at 24 months of age, and neurocognitive and socioemotional assessment using the National Institutes of Health Toolbox at 54 months of age.

Results

A total of 718 children at age 24 months (mean [SD] age, 25.6 [1.7] months; 342 female [47.6%]; 461 White [64.2%]) and 703 at age 54 months (mean [SD] age, 55.4 [2.6] months; 331 female [47.1%]; 487 White [69.3%]) were included. At 24 months of age, 460 participants (232 female [50.4%]) were assessed during the pandemic (March 17, 2020, to May 17, 2022) and 258 (110 female [42.6%]) were assessed prepandemic (April 17, 2018, to March 10, 2020). At 54 months of age, 286 participants (129 female [45.1%]) were assessed from March 14, 2020, to June 6, 2022, and 417 (202 female [48.4%]) were assessed from February 8, 2018, to March 10, 2020. At 24 months of age, pandemic-exposed children had reduced risk of problem-solving difficulties using cutoff scores (odds ratio [OR], 0.33; 95% CI, 0.18-0.62; P = .005) and higher problem-solving (B, 3.93; 95% CI, 2.48 to 5.38; P < .001) compared with nonexposed children. In contrast, pandemic-exposed children had greater risk for personal-social difficulties using cutoff scores (OR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.09-2.56; P = .02) and continuous scores (B, −1.70; 95% CI, −3.21 to −0.20; P = .02) compared with nonexposed children. At 54 months of age, pandemic-exposed children had higher receptive vocabulary (B, 3.16; 95% CI, 0.13 to 6.19; P = .04), visual memory (B, 5.95; 95% CI, 1.11 to 10.79; P = .02), and overall cognitive performance (B, 3.89; 95% CI, 0.73 to 7.04; P = .02) compared with nonexposed children, with no differences in socioemotional development.

Conclusions and Relevance

This cross-sectional study found both positive and negative associations between pandemic exposure and preschool children’s cognitive and emotional well-being within a relatively socioeconomically advantaged sample.
Malignant Pericardial Effusion, or Fluid Around the Heart Due to Cancer
Authors: Uprety Dipesh , West Howard (Jack)
Published: November 2023

This JAMA Oncology Patient Page describes the accumulation of excess fluid around the heart caused by cancer, known as malignant pericardial effusion.
In-Home Smartphone-Based Prediction of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Conjunction With Level 2 Home Polysomnography
Authors: Han Seung Cheol , Kim Daewoo , Rhee Chae-Seo , Cho Sung-Woo , Le Vu Linh , Cho Eun Sung , Kim Hyunggug , Yoon In-Young , Jang Hyeryung , Hong Joonki , Lee Dongheon , Kim Jeong-Whun
Published: November 2023

Importance

Consumer-level sleep analysis technologies have the potential to revolutionize the screening for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, assessment of OSA prediction models based on in-home recording data is usually performed concurrently with level 1 in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG). Establishing the predictability of OSA using sound data recorded from smartphones based on level 2 PSG at home is important.

Objective

To validate the performance of a prediction model for OSA using breathing sound recorded from smartphones in conjunction with level 2 PSG at home.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This diagnostic study followed a prospective design, involving participants who underwent unattended level 2 home PSG. Breathing sounds were recorded during sleep using 2 smartphones, one with an iOS operating system and the other with an Android operating system, simultaneously with home PSG in participants’ own home environment. Participants were 19 years and older, slept alone, and had either been diagnosed with OSA or had no previous diagnosis. The study was performed between February 2022 and February 2023.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the predictive model based on the recorded breathing sounds.

Results

Of the 101 participants included during the study duration, the mean (SD) age was 48.3 (14.9) years, and 51 (50.5%) were female. For the iOS smartphone, the sensitivity values at apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) levels of 5, 15, and 30 per hour were 92.6%, 90.9%, and 93.3%, respectively, with specificities of 84.3%, 94.4%, and 94.4%, respectively. Similarly, for the Android smartphone, the sensitivity values at AHI levels of 5, 15, and 30 per hour were 92.2%, 90.0%, and 92.9%, respectively, with specificities of 84.0%, 94.4%, and 94.3%, respectively. The accuracy for the iOS smartphone was 88.6%, 93.3%, and 94.3%, respectively, and for the Android smartphone was 88.1%, 93.1%, and 94.1% at AHI levels of 5, 15, and 30 per hour, respectively.

Conclusions and Relevance

This diagnostic study demonstrated the feasibility of predicting OSA with a reasonable level of accuracy using breathing sounds obtained by smartphones during sleep at home.
Inhibition of Trehalose Synthesis in Lepidoptera Reduces Larval Fitness
Authors: Tellis Meenakshi B. , Mohite Sharada D. , Nair Vineetkumar S. , Chaudhari Bhagyashri Y. , Ahmed Shadab , Kotkar Hemlata M. , Joshi Rakesh S.
Published: November 2023

Trehalose is synthesized in insects through the trehalose 6‐phosphate synthase and phosphatase (TPS/TPP) pathway. TPP dephosphorylates trehalose 6‐phosphate to release trehalose. Trehalose is involved in metamorphosis, but its relation with body weight, size, and developmental timing is unexplored. The expression and activity of TPS/TPP fluctuate depending on trehalose demand. Thus, TPS/TPP inhibition can highlight the significance of trehalose in insect physiology. TPS/TPP transcript levels are elevated in the pre‐pupal and pupal stages in Helicoverpa armigera. The inhibition of recombinantly expressed TPP by N‐(phenylthio)phthalimide (NPP), is validated by in vitro assays. In vivo inhibition of trehalose synthesis reduces larval weight and size, hampers metamorphosis, and reduces its overall fitness. Insufficient trehalose leads to a shift in glucose flux, reduced energy, and dysregulated fatty acid oxidation. Metabolomics reaffirms the depletion of trehalose, glucose, glucose 6‐phosphate, and suppressed tricarboxylic acid cycle. Reduced trehalose hampers the energy level affecting larval vitality. Through trehalose synthesis inhibition, the importance of trehalose in insect physiology and development is investigated. Also, in two other lepidopterans, TPP inhibition impedes physiology and survival. NPP is also found to be effective as an insecticidal formulation. Overall, trehalose levels affect the larval size, weight, and metabolic homeostasis for larval‐pupal transition in lepidoptera.
Non‐Volatile Reconfigurable p–n Junction Utilizing In‐Plane Ferroelectricity in 2D WSe2/α‐In2Se3 Asymmetric Heterostructures
Authors: Uzhansky Michael , Mukherjee Subhrajit , Vijayan Gautham , Koren Elad
Published: November 2023

It is impossible to imagine modern electronic circuitry without a p–n junction—an essential building block for transistors, rectifiers, amplifiers, photovoltaics, etc. Conventional fabrication processes (ion implantation or chemical diffusion) result in an immutable potential configuration depriving reconfigurability. In contrast, the superior electrostatic tunability, dangling bonds‐ and reconstruction‐free interfaces are some of the key features of 2D based heterostructures, making them promising candidates for cutting‐edge optoelectronic and memory applications. Herein, the intercoupled 2D ferroelectricity of 𝛼‐In2Se3 is utilized to introduce micron‐scale, non‐volatile electrostatic doping in ambipolar WSe2, enabling reconfigurable p–n junction. The actuation mechanism is based on the strong polarization field along the edge topology of In2Se3. The fabricated device presents stable p–n to n–p switching, a superior rectification ratio of ≈106, and a low leakage current of ≈10−12 A. Furthermore, the switchable short‐circuit current response is utilized to demonstrate a novel self‐powered, non‐volatile memory based on photovoltaic reading. The ferroelectric non‐volatility coupled with the ability to control the device operation using optical and electrical signals paves the way for ultrathin energy‐efficient, multi‐level optoelectronic and in‐memory logic devices.
Phase Regulation of Layered Perovskites toward High‐Performance Light‐Emitting Diodes
Authors: Feng Shi‐Chi , Hu Xin‐Mei , Shen Yang , Li Yan‐Qing , Tang Jian‐Xin , Lee Shuit‐Tong
Published: November 2023

As a promising family of semiconductor materials for high‐quality displays, quasi‐2D perovskites have gained a significant amount of attention in the field of light‐emitting diodes for their superior optoelectronic properties compared with their 3D counterparts. The intrinsic multiple‐quantum‐well characteristics induced by reducing the crystal dimensionality enable perovskite emitters to possess high photoluminescence quantum yield and good film morphology. It is demonstrated that the n‐value distribution of quasi‐2D perovskites, where n refers to the number of inorganic MX6 octahedron layers, has a strong impact on the electroluminescence efficiency and stability of perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs). In this review, the crystal structure of quasi‐2D perovskites, the formation origin of different n‐value distributions, and their optoelectronic characteristics are first introduced. Then, the mainstream strategies for regulating the phase distribution of layered perovskites are systematically reviewed to suggest their great significance in boosting the performances of PeLEDs. Lastly, the current deficiencies and potentially valuable research directions of phase distribution management for efficient and stable quasi‐2D PeLEDs are provided.
Reconfigurable Wide‐Angle Beam‐Steering Terahertz Metasurfaces Based on Vanadium Dioxide
Authors: Yang Fengyuan , Tan Thomas Caiwei , Prakash Saurav , Kumar Abhishek , Ariando Ariando , Singh Ranjan , Wang Nan , Pitchappa Prakash
Published: November 2023

The sixth generation (6G) wireless network is envisioned to provide faster and more reliable communication by utilizing electromagnetic waves in the terahertz spectrum. However, terahertz waves suffer from high propagation loss and, hence, wavefront manipulation solutions to focus and redirect terahertz waves are of paramount importance. Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) is one such promising dynamic wavefront engineering solution proposed for 6G networks, but the technological realization of 6G (>100 GHz) RIS is still largely lacking. Here, spatially‐selective vanadium dioxide (VO2) patches incorporating coding metasurfaces for dynamic beam steering of terahertz waves are presented. The reversible and abrupt insulator‐to‐metal phase transition property of VO2 is exploited to achieve a reconfigurable transmission angle for the normal incident terahertz wave. By designing metasurfaces with specific linear phase gradients and designer phase sequencing, electrically switchable beam steering is achieved from co‐polarized 0° (normal transmission) in the OFF state to cross‐polarized 0° (control), 11°, 23°, 36°, and 52° in the ON state at 0.6 THz. Scaling up the proposed concept to achieve individual control of each active element (VO2) within the metasurface will enable a complete 6G RIS solution for full 3D terahertz beam manipulation to support the future THz wireless communication networks.
Agronomic impacts of new regulations governing land application of Class B biosolids in Florida
Authors: Vieira‐Filho Leandro O. , Silveira Maria L. , Kohmann Marta M. , Sollenberger Lynn E. , Sanchez Joao M. D. , Cardoso Abmael S. , Ricken Ester C.
Published: November 2023

Although land application of biosolids is an attractive option for beneficial reuse, it represents a complex challenge for government and private organizations. This 3‐year field study evaluated the agronomic impacts of reduced biosolids rates imposed by new regulations in Florida on bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) herbage accumulation and nutritive value. Treatments consisted of a factorial combination of two phosphorus (P) sources (triple superphosphate and biosolids) applied at 0 (control), 20 (low), 40 (intermediate), and 60 kg total P ha−1 (high). Triple superphosphate plots received the same nitrogen (N) load (from ammonium nitrate) as the corresponding biosolids treatments. Bahiagrass herbage accumulation increased with increasing P and associated N rates. Bahiagrass annual herbage accumulation ranged from 2120 kg ha−1 in 2022 to 6970 kg ha−1 in 2020 and was 33%–80% less than previously published data. This was likely due to the reduced biosolids rates that did not supply sufficient N and P to sustain adequate forage production. Lesser herbage accumulation will likely lead to greater application of inorganic fertilizers, which generally have greater environmental footprint than biosolids. Biosolids generally resulted in either similar or greater bahiagrass crude protein, in vitro digestible organic matter, and tissue mineral concentrations than inorganic fertilizer. Similarly, no differences in bahiagrass N and P recovery between biosolids and inorganic fertilizer were observed. This study, along with a significant body of literature, demonstrated that biosolids have considerable fertilizer value and can be an effective alternative to commercial inorganic fertilizer while also providing environmental and economic benefits.
Clinical characteristics and management of primary retroperitoneal sarcoma: A literature review
Authors: Yamagata Yukinori , Komiyama Motokiyo , Iwata Shintaro
Published: November 2023

Retroperitoneal sarcoma (RPS) is a rare tumor classified into many histological types. It is also often detected only after it has grown to a considerable size and requires extensive resection of the surrounding organs, making it difficult to offer optimal patient‐tailored management. Evidence supporting specific treatment modalities for RPS is insufficient, owing to its rarity. The Japanese clinical practice guidelines for RPS were published in December 2021, with the aim of accumulating existing evidence and indicating the optimal practice for RPS. These guidelines provide important clinical questions (CQs) concerning the diagnosis and treatment of RPS. This review, with a particular focus on primary RPS, attempts to introduce clinical problems in the diagnosis and treatment of RPS and to assess those problems along with the CQs in the guidelines. According to these guidelines, although chemotherapy and radiotherapy are expected to have therapeutic effects, the level of evidence to support these treatments is not very high at present. Accordingly, complete resection of the tumor is the first and only option for managing primary RPS. However, as with other tumors, the demand for multidisciplinary treatment for RPS is increasing. These guidelines will undoubtedly represent a milestone in clinical practice in relation to RPS in the future, and further evidence is expected to be accumulated based on the CQs that have been proposed.
Researchers join forces to conserve red colobus (Piliocolobus badius temminckii) in West Africa
Authors: Mayhew Michael , Wolovich Christy , Saho Lamin , Barry Samsideen , Barry Meta , Njie Idrissa , Bah Buba , Sidibeh Abdourahman , Badjie Zainab , Cramer Jennifer D. , Linder Joshua
Published: November 2023

The recent development of the Red Colobus Conservation Action Plan has spurred momentum to promote site‐based conservation of red colobus while forging partnerships among researchers and building local capacity. Communities for Red Colobus (C4RC) is a community‐centered conservation organization in The Gambia, West Africa, that aims to protect Temminck's red colobus (Piliocolobus badius temminckii) while advancing opportunities for local people. We highlight the inception and initial development of C4RC with its educational and ranger teams and describe how local and international collaborations have positively impacted the organization through training and mentoring programs. This conservation program has the potential to become sustainable with plans for continued ecological monitoring, reforestation efforts, use of alternative methods of cooking, and the expansion of ecotourism. We hope that the dissemination of project information through Gambian broadcast and social media channels and wider community outreach activities will improve perceptions and conservation of primates and inspire the development of other red colobus initiatives at suitable forest sites based on the C4RC model of community‐based conservation.
Theory of Nonlinear Photoconductive Sampling in Atomic Gases
Authors: Agarwal Manoram , Scrinzi Armin , Krausz Ferenc , Yakovlev Vladislav S.
Published: November 2023

The formation and evolution of electron wave packets in the process of strong‐field ionization is one of the major research topics in attosecond science. The recently developed technique of nonlinear photoconductive sampling (NPS) requires a detailed understanding of these dynamics and provides a new approach to studying them. This work is motivated by the lack of a solid theoretical foundation for NPS measurements. The analysis shows that, for NPS in atomic gases, the strong‐field approximation provides an adequate description of the ionization dynamics but makes a significant error in predicting the spectral response function because the Coulomb interaction between photoelectrons and their parent ions significantly affects the motion of the electron wave packets.
Acquiring Charge‐Transfer‐Featured Single‐Molecule Ultralong Organic Room Temperature Phosphorescence via Through‐Space Electronic Coupling
Authors: Chen Kuan , Luo Yanju , Sun Ming , Liu Chuanhao , Jia Mengjiao , Fu Caixia , Shen Xingsha , Li Chuan , Zheng Xujun , Pu Xuemei , Huang Yan , Lu Zhiyun
Published: November 2023

Although long‐lived triplet charge‐transfer (3CT) state with high energy level has gained significant attention, the development of organic small molecules capable of achieving such states remains a major challenge. Herein, by using the through‐space electronic coupling effect, we have developed a compound, namely NIC‐DMAC, which has a long‐lived 3CT state at the single‐molecule level with a lifetime of 210 ms and a high energy level of up to 2.50 eV. Through a combination of experimental and computational approaches, we have elucidated the photophysical processes of NIC‐DMAC, which involve sequential transitions from the first singlet excited state (S1) that shows a 1CT character to the first triplet excited state (T1) that exhibits a local excited state feature (3LE), and then to the second triplet excited state (T2) that shows a 3CT character (i.e., S1 (1CT)→T1 (3LE)→T2 (3CT)). The long lifetime and high energy level of its 3CT state have enabled NIC‐DMAC as an initiator for photocuring in double patterning applications.
Pressure‐Induced Free Exciton Emission in a Quasi‐Zero‐Dimensional Hybrid Lead Halide
Authors: Han Jiang , Li Yawen , Shen Pengfei , Li Qian , Liu Yulian , Wei Yi , Zhang Peijie , Quan Zewei
Published: November 2023

Structural dimensionality and electronic dimensionality play a crucial role in determining the type of excitonic emission in hybrid metal halides (HMHs). It is important but challenging to achieve free exciton (FE) emission in zero‐dimensional (0D) HMHs based on the control over the electronic dimensionality. In this work, a quasi‐0D HMH (C7H15N2Br)2PbBr4 with localized electronic dimensionality is prepared as a prototype model. With increasing pressure onto (C7H15N2Br)2PbBr4, the broad and weak self‐trapped exciton (STE) emission at ambient conditions is considerably enhanced before 3.6 GPa, which originates from more distorted [PbBr4]2− seesaw units upon compression. Notably, a narrow FE emission in (C7H15N2Br)2PbBr4 appears at 3.6 GPa, and then this FE emission is gradually strengthened up to 8.4 GPa. High pressure structural characterizations reveal that anisotropic contraction of (C7H15N2Br)2PbBr4 results in a noticeable reduction in the distance between adjacent [PbBr4]2− seesaw units, as well as an obvious enhancement of crystal stiffness. Consequently, the electronic connectivity in (C7H15N2Br)2PbBr4 is sufficiently promoted above 3.6 GPa, which is also supported with theoretical calculations. The elevation of electronic connectivity and enhanced stiffness together lead to pressure‐induced FE emission and subsequent emission enhancement in quasi‐0D (C7H15N2Br)2PbBr4.
Effect of crystallinity on unimodal and bimodal cell structures, in a continuous production of HDPE microcellular foamed sheets using supercritical CO2 (ScCO2)
Authors: Ghasemzadeh Alireza , Famili Navid
Published: November 2023

Crystallinity is a controlling parameter in the development of microcellular foam final structure. In this research, using a well‐controlled continuous microcellular foamed sheet production system, the effect of crystallinity on the final structure of the microcellular foam is studied. To produce microcellular foamed sheets, different levels of the supercritical carbon dioxide (ScCO2) is dissolved in the polymer at high pressure and the foamed material is stabilized using a four roll apparatus at different roll temperatures. Crystallization occur by delay, however this lag time can be controlled by controlling temperature gradient. The higher decrease in the roll temperature results in higher temperature gradient which increases the crystallization rate during the cell growth, causing bimodal cell structures which indicates secondary nucleation. Moreover, as the amount of gas increases, the cell formation time increases, hence, at even higher temperatures we observed the effect of secondary nucleation, resulting in the occurrence of bimodal cell structures.
Polyrotaxane‐modified waterborne polyurethane based on H‐bonding and metal bonding with mechanically tough and self‐healability
Authors: Ren Mengqing , Wu Zixin , Wu Lili , Yu Bing , Wu Weilin , Liu Baoying , Xiao Shengqiang
Published: November 2023

The pulley structure has been widely employed to improve mechanical properties. Polyrotaxane‐based waterborne polyurethane (WPU) typically exhibits good tensile strength and Young's modulus. However, achieving outstanding self‐healability of polyrotaxane‐based WPU under mild conditions generally proves insufficient solely relying on host‐guest interactions. Herein, a strategy that constructs a triple synergy of host‐guest interaction, hydrogen bonds, and metal coordination bonds by sequentially introducing tannic acid (TA) and Fe3+ is proposed to prepare polyrotaxane‐based WPU with excellent mechanical performance and high self‐healable capability. Besides the reversible non‐covalent bonding contributing to intrinsic self‐healing, the unique sliding motion of WPU's molecule chain acts as a driving force, promoting efficient contact among reversible bonds. Notably, benefiting from the sliding motion of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) along a chain, the dynamic reconstruction of hydrogen bonds and metal coordination bonds, the resulting supramolecular WPU exhibited a tensile strength of 46.05 MPa and a toughness of 130.30 MPa, with satisfactory self‐healing performance (tensile strength healing efficiency of more than 95%). This work enriches the self‐healing mechanism and expands the concepts for the design of resilient self‐healing environmentally friendly supramolecular WPU.
Percutaneous treatment of mechanical mitral valve thrombosis
Authors: Sharma Shilpa , Nakamura Mamoo
Published: November 2023

A 75‐year‐old female was found to have mechanical mitral valve thrombosis complicated by severe mitral stenosis, pulmonary edema, and right heart failure. She was at prohibitive risk for surgical intervention. She did not tolerate thrombolysis due to bleeding. We performed percutaneous intervention with cerebral protection with subsequent restoration of mechanical mitral valve function, resolution of the mitral valve stenosis, and no neurologic complications.
Guillain–Barre syndrome after antithymocyte globulin administration in a kidney transplant recipient: A case report and literature review
Authors: Tavakoli Farnaz , Dalil Davood , Yaghoubi Fatemeh , Hosseini Seyyed Mohammad
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

This report describes a rare case of developing Guillain–Barre syndrome (GBS) following receiving rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG) after kidney transplantation to prevent acute allograft rejection in a 34‐year‐old man. The patient presented severe pain in the right temporomandibular joint, fever, chills, myalgia, polyarthralgia, and bone pain. Twelve hours later, he developed quadriplegia, paresthesia, and a limited range of active motions in all extremities. No antecedent viral or bacterial infection was identified. The EMG/NCV evaluation displayed acute inflammatory sensory‐motor polyneuropathy. After the administration of GBS treatment, the neurologic symptoms started to improve. Over a few days, the reflexes came back completely, and the patient was able to walk. To our knowledge, this is the second case report of ATG‐related GBS after kidney transplantation.
An atypical form of retinitis pigmentosa: A case report
Authors: Xue Yuanfeng , Yao Bangtao
Published: November 2023

Key Clinical Message

This case contributes to the new knowledge of unilateral pericentral RP. Multimodal imaging provides valuable information to better understand the disease. The development is significantly slow and defines a better clinical course than typical RP. Pericentral RP presents with unremarkable night blindness, which can be easily misdiagnosed by ophthalmologists.

Unilateral pericentral retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a rare, atypical, mild form of RP that affects the pericentral retina close to the vascular arcades and tends to spare the far‐peripheral retina in one eye, while the fellow eye remains completely unaffected. A 71‐year‐old Chinese woman presented with blurred vision in her right eye for several decades, however, her left eye was unaffected. Fundus photography revealed bone‐spicule pigmentation located at the pericentral retina of her right eye. Spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography revealed significant atrophy of the outer retina and retinal pigment epithelium, and an evident absence of the ellipsoid zone in the right eye. The visual field showed a wide‐range paracentral scotoma in the right eye. The full‐field electroretinogram demonstrated subnormal amplitudes of dark and light adaption in the right eye. No significant changes were observed during a further 5‐year follow‐up. Multimodal imaging provides valuable information to better understand unilateral pericentral RP. The development of unilateral pericentral RP is significantly slow and defines a better clinical course than the typical RP. Pericentral RP presents with slight visual reduction and unremarkable night blindness, which can be easily misdiagnosis by ophthalmologists. Reasonable prevention measures, screening methods, and timely diagnosis are beneficial for RP patients.
Controlling the Synthesis Protocols of Palladium‐Based Nanostructures for Enhanced Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide: A Mini‐Review
Authors: Ipadeola Adewale K. , Eid Kamel , Haruna Aderemi B. , Abdullah Aboubakr M. , Ozoemena Kenneth I.
Published: November 2023

Pd‐based nanostructures are endowed with impressive catalytic features for alcohol‐based fuel cells, however, their poisoning by carbon monoxide (CO) is a great barrier to large‐scale utilization of such fuel cells as alternative power sources. The need to optimize the electrochemical CO oxidation (COOxid) of Pd‐based nanostructures in various electrolytes has attracted much attention in the last decade, so it is important to provide a timely update on this area of research. This mini‐review highlights the most recent advances in controlling some synthesis methods of Pd‐based nanostructures and their morphologies for enhanced electrocatalytic COOxid in different electrolyte conditions in the last three years. Finally, the main challenges for commercially viable Pd‐based nanostructures for electrochemical COOxid are discussed, highlighting the future perspectives and providing promising solutions for practical COOxid application.
Simple Air‐Stable [3]Radialene Anion Radicals as Environmentally Switchable Catholytes in Water
Authors: Hasan Fuead , Gillen Jonathan H. , Jayaweera Amaya T. , McDearmon William D. , Winter Arthur H. , Bejger Christopher M.
Published: November 2023

The hexacyano[3]radialene radical anion (1) is an attractive catholyte material for use in redox flow battery (RFB) applications. The substitution of cyano groups with ester moieties enhances solubility while maintaining redox reversibility and favorable redox potentials. Here we show that these ester‐functionalized, hexasubstituted [3]radialene radical anions dimerize reversibly in water. The dimerization mode is dependent on the substitution pattern and can be switched in solution. Stimuli‐responsive behavior is achieved by exploiting an unprecedented tristate switching mechanism, wherein the radical can be toggled between the free radical, a π‐dimer, and a σ‐dimer‐each with dramatically different optical, magnetic, and redox properties‐by changing the solvent environment, temperature, or salinity. The symmetric, triester‐tricyano[3]radialene (3) forms a solvent‐responsive, σ‐dimer in water that converts to the radical anion with the addition of organic solvents or to a π‐dimer in brine solutions. Diester‐tetracyano[3]radialene (2) exists primarily as a π‐dimer in aqueous solutions and a radical anion in organic solvents. The dimerization behavior of both 2 and 3 is temperature dependent in methanol solutions. Dimerization equilibrium has a direct impact on catholyte stability during galvanostatic charge–discharge cycling in static H‐cells. Specifically, conditions that favor the free radical anion or π‐dimer exhibit significantly enhanced cycling profiles.
Perfluorocarbon Nanoparticles Incorporating Ginkgolide B: Artificial O2 Carriers with Antioxidant Activity and Antithrombotic Effect
Authors: Meng Wei , Ye Hongbo , Ma Zhifang , Liu Lei , Zhang Tianci , Han Qiaoyi , Xiang Zehong , Xia Yu , Ke Yue , Guan Xinghua , Shi Qiang , Ataullakhanov Fazly I. , Panteleev Mikhail
Published: November 2023

Ischemic stroke primarily leads to insufficient oxygen delivery in ischemic area. Prompt reperfusion treatment for restoration of oxygen is clinically suggested but mediates more surging reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and oxidative damage, known as ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI). Therefore, the regulation of oxygen content is a critical point to prevent cerebral ischemia induced pathological responses and simultaneously alleviate IRI triggered by the sudden oxygen restoration. In this work, we constructed a perfluorocarbon (PFC)‐based artificial oxygen nanocarrier (PFTBA‐L@GB), using an ultrasound‐assisted emulsification method, alleviates the intracerebral hypoxic state in ischemia stage and IRI after reperfusion. The high oxygen solubility of PFC allows high oxygen efficacy. Furthermore, PFC has the adhesion affinity to platelets and prevents the overactivation of platelet. The encapsulated payload, ginkgolide B (GB) exerts its anti‐thrombosis by antagonism on platelet activating factor and antioxidant effect by upregulation of antioxidant molecular pathway. The versatility of the present strategy provides a practical approach to build a simple, safe, and relatively effective oxygen delivery agent to alleviate hypoxia, promote intracerebral oxygenation, anti‐inflammatory, reduce intracerebral oxidative stress damage and thrombosis and caused by stroke.
Nutrimetric Validation of Solanidine as Dietary‐Derived CYP2D6 Activity Marker In Vivo
Authors: Müller Julian Peter , Sarömba Jens , Ziegler Patrick , Tremmel Roman , Rengelshausen Jens , Schaeffeler Elke , Just Katja S. , Schwab Matthias , Kraus Thomas , Stingl Julia C.
Published: November 2023

CYP2D6 is involved in the metabolism of many drugs. Its activity is affected by pharmacogenetic variability leading to highly polymorphic phenotypes between individuals, affecting safety and efficacy of drugs. Recently, solanidine, a steroidal alkaloid from potatoes, and its metabolites, has been identified as a dietary‐derived activity marker for CYP2D6. The intraday variability in plasma within individuals has not been studied yet in healthy subjects. As part of a CYP phenotyping cocktail study with 20 healthy participants, plasma concentrations of solanidine, 4‐OH‐solanidine and 3,4‐secosolanidine‐3,4‐dioic acid (SSDA) were determined using a sensitive liquid chromatography‐mass spectrometry method in urine and in plasma at timepoints 0, 2.5, 5, 8, and 24 hours after intake of test substances. The participants were phenotyped for CYP2D6 with oral metoprolol (12.5 mg) with 15 plasma sampling points over 24 hours (DRKS00028922). Metabolic ratios (MRs) of metabolite to parent plasma concentrations were formed from single timepoints and the area under the curve (AUC). All participants were genotyped for CYP2D6. The intra‐individual variability of the CYP2D6 metabolite SSDA was highly stable with a median SD of 11.62% over 24 hours. MR SSDA/solanidine was more variable (median SD 31.90%) but correlated significantly at all measured timepoints with AUC MR α‐OH‐metoprolol/metoprolol. The AUC MR SSDA/solanidine showed a significant linear relationship with the genetically predicted CYP2D6 activity score. This study substantiates the MR SSDA/solanidine as CYP2D6 activity marker. The high correlation with metoprolol MR indicates a valid prediction of the CYP2D6 phenotype at any timepoint during the study day.
The long‐term incidence of chronic post‐surgical pain after coronary artery bypass surgery – A prospective observational study
Authors: Charlton E. , Atkins K. J. , Evered L. , Silbert B. , Scott D. A.
Published: November 2023

Background

Chronic post‐surgical pain (CPSP) represents a significant issue for many patients following surgery; however, the long‐term incidence and impact have not been well described following cardiac surgery. Our aim was to characterize CPSP at least 5 years following coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery.

Methods

This prospective observational study investigated a cohort of patients from a larger trial investigating cognitive outcomes following CABG surgery, with 89 of 148 eligible patients (60.1%) assessed for CPSP at a mean (standard deviation [SD]) of 6.8 [1.2] years. Questionnaires interrogated pain presence, intensity, location, neuropathic characteristics, Geriatric Depression Scale scores (GDS) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL).

Results

CPSP was described in 21/89 (23.6%), with 10 rating it as moderate to severe. Six of the CPSP patients (29%) met criteria for neuropathic pain (6.7% overall). The highest rate of CPSP was associated with the leg surgical site (chest 12/89 [13.5%], arm 8/68 [11.8%] and leg (saphenous vein graft—SVG) 11/37 [29.7%]; χ2 = 6.523, p = 0.038). IADL scores were significantly lower for patients with CPSP (mean [SD]: 36.7 [1.6] vs. no CPSP 40.6 [0.6]; p = 0.006). Patients had GDS scores consistent with moderate depression (GDS >8) in 3/21 (14.3%) with CPSP, versus 3/68 (4.4%) non‐CPSP patients (χ2 = 3.20, p = 0.073).

Conclusions

This study identified a CPSP incidence of 23.6% at a mean of 6.8 years after CABG surgery, with the highest pain proportion at SVG harvest sites. CPSP was associated with neuropathic pain symptoms and had a significant impact on IADLs. This emphasizes the need for long‐term follow‐up of CABG patients.

Significance

This study highlights the impact of CPSP 7 years following cardiac surgery and highlights the effect of surgical site, neuropathic pain and the importance of including pain assessment and management in the long‐term follow‐up of cardiac surgical patients. Strategies to address and prevent chronic pain following cardiac surgery should be further explored.
Effects of cervical stabilization training in patients with headache: A single‐blinded randomized controlled trial
Authors: Altmis Kacar H. , Ozkul C. , Baran A. , Guclu‐Gunduz A.
Published: November 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the effects of Cervical Stabilization Training (CST) on the headache, neck pain and cervical musculoskeletal system in patients with headache compared to the control group.

Methods

A total of 90 female patients with migraine, tension‐type headache and cervicogenic headache (CGH) participated in this study. The patients were divided into the cervical stabilization training group (CSTG) and the control group (CG). The CSTG performed the CST three times a week for 8 weeks while the CG continued their ongoing medical treatment. The pain intensity was assessed by Visual Analogue Scale, forward head posture by craniovertebral angle measurement, the endurance of deep cervical flexor muscles by craniocervical flexion test and the endurance of cervical muscles by flexor and extensor endurance tests before and after 8 weeks. In addition, disability levels, health‐related quality of life, sleep quality and mood were assessed by the Migraine Disability Assessment questionnaire, Neck Disability Index (NDI), Short Form 36 Quality of Life Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and Beck Depression Scale, respectively.

Results

Headache frequency, duration and intensity, neck pain intensity and forward head posture reduced while activation and performance of deep cervical flexor muscles, the endurance of cervical flexor and extensor muscles increased in the CSTG (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the disability levels, quality of life, sleep quality and mood also improved in the CSTG (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

This study suggests that CST reduces headaches and neck pain by improving the cervical musculoskeletal system in patients with headache.

Significance

The CST improved the headache frequency, duration and intensity, neck pain intensity, cervical posture, activation of deep cervical flexor muscles and endurance of cervical muscles in patients with headache. In addition, improvements in the cervical musculoskeletal system contributed to a reduction in the intensity of headaches and neck pain. Therefore, CST may be preferred in the treatment of headaches, especially with coexisting neck pain.
Efficacy and safety of a smartphone application‐based treatment of ketogenic diet in pediatric refractory epilepsy
Authors: Li Wei , Gu Wei , Liang Chao , Tu Fulai , Ding Le , Lu Xiaopeng , Guo Hu , Zheng Guo , Wu Chunfeng
Published: November 2023

Objective

We aimed to find predictors for smartphone application‐based ketogenic diet (KD) treatment effectiveness and safety.

Methods

The efficacy was evaluated according to the reduction in seizure frequency after the intervention of KD; safety was evaluated based on adverse effects. The ordinal logistic regression analysis was used to explore the influencing factors of efficacy.

Results

The study sample included 116 males and 65 females with a median age of 2.27 years. The baseline frequency of seizure was more than five times/day in 123 children, 50.83% of them received three or more antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Seventy‐two patients' KD initiation mode was outpatient, and 73 completed the 12‐month follow‐up. A total of 88 (48.62%) patients had reported a reduction in seizure ≥50%. Compared with 12 months, those who had received KD therapy for only 3 (P = 0.009) and 6 months (P = 0.005) were more likely to show negative outcomes. Outpatient initiation had better outcomes (P = 0.029) than inpatient initiation. For the number of AEDs applied, patients on two AEDs were more likely to achieve better outcomes (P = 0.001). Adverse events had been noted among 77 patients; BMI Z‐score at KD initiation was associated with adverse effects (P = 0.003).

Significance

Our study suggested that outpatient initiation and long‐term treatment of KD should be encouraged.

Plain Language Summary

Our research shows that the KD is a helpful treatment for children with refractory epilepsy, reducing seizures by more than 50% in nearly half of the cases, with some experiencing complete seizure freedom. We used a smartphone app to improve communication between patients and their healthcare teams, resulting in a high retention, and app usage was linked to reduced adverse effects. We recommend early consideration of KD treatment for patients failing two AED, encourage outpatient initiation, and advocate for longer‐term KD use.