bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seeking solitude skills: Do memories of intrinsic goals enhance enjoyment of alone time?
Authors: Bradshaw Emma L. , Ferber Kelly A. , Ryan Richard M.
Published: January 2024

Objective

Further investigate the application of self‐determination theory (SDT) to experiences of solitude by examining the effects of recalling intrinsic versus non‐intrinsic memories.

Background

SDT research indicates that recalling memories associated with intrinsic goals (e.g., personal growth, relationships, altruism) enhances present moment wellness by satisfying basic psychological needs.

Method

Two studies were conducted with American adults. Study 1 included 465 participants (age = 49.49 [SD = 19.01], 49.46% female) and Study 2 comprised 490 participants (age = 54.16 [SD = 18.89], 51.84% female). Both studies assessed the impact of recalling intrinsic versus non‐intrinsic memories prior to a five‐minute solitude session.

Results

Study 1 found intrinsic memories were linked to more basic psychological need satisfaction than non‐intrinsic memories, but both memory types resulted in similar wellness improvements. Contrary to expectations, Study 2 revealed extrinsic memories (e.g., wealth, fame, image) led to the highest basic psychological need satisfaction and least need frustration compared to intrinsic and neutral memories, with all memory conditions showing similar wellness gains.

Conclusions

Solitude appears beneficial regardless of memory content. While different memories vary in need satisfying quality, this does not seem to impact the benefits of solitude. These findings suggest further exploration is needed before developing a “solitude skill set” for use during inevitable periods of solitude.
Food preferences of two nudibranch species from the South China Sea revealed by fatty acid trophic markers
Authors: Komisarenko Anatolii , Zhukova Natalia V.
Published: January 2024

Nudibranchs are mostly predators preying on a variety of invertebrates. The dietary preferences of tropical nudibranchs were studied by the method of fatty acid trophic markers (FATM) in order to for better understanding of their trophic ecology. For this, the fatty acid profiles of two nudibranch species from the South China Sea, Doriprismatica atromarginata (Cuvier, 1804) and Jorunna funebris (Kelaart, 1859), were analyzed and trophic markers were identified. The high level of very long chain fatty acids (from C24 to C28), which are characteristic of sponges, in nudibranchs was evidence of their predation on sponges. However, the distribution of these components differed significantly between the species. The acids 24:2Δ5,9, 25:2Δ5,9, 26:2Δ9,19, and especially 26:2Δ5,9 dominated in D. atromarginata, but were not found in J. funebris that was rich in 28:2Δ5,9 and 28:3Δ5,9,19. The significant differences in the profile of these demospongic acids indicate that these nudibranchs consumed different species of sponges. The similarity between the FATMs of J. funebris and its potential prey, the sponge Xestospongia, confirmed their predator–prey relationship. Doriprismatica atromarginata from different sites along the Vietnam coast had different FATM profiles, which showed this nudibranch as having no any strict food specialization and feeding on various Demospongiae species. The abundance of bacterial FATMs in the nudibranchs suggests the importance of bacteria in their diet. Thus, the FATM method has proven to be useful for identifying the feeding specialization and assessing the effect of food availability on the diet of these tropical nudibranch species.
An overview of the new Moroccan regulation on collection and export of meteorites: A geoheritage to promote and preserve
Authors: Chennaoui Aoudjehane Hasnaa
Published: January 2024

Morocco is known for the high number of meteorites collected in its territory, including finds and falls. This is explained by the large size of the Moroccan Sahara, the guarantee of security in this desert, and the large community of well‐trained Moroccan hunters and nomads who roam through it. Despite this richness, most meteorites collected in Morocco are sold abroad and exported. The exportation of meteorites as well as other geoheritage samples such as fossils and minerals was not completely legal or illegal as there was no dedicated regulation. Since 2000, the APPGM (Association pour la Protection du Patrimoine Géologique du Maroc) a Non‐Governmental Organization (NGO) dedicated to the preservation of the Moroccan geoheritage began working with the Moroccan Geological Survey, on a draft of a specific law dedicated to geoheritage. It was fundamental to benefit from the experience of other countries with a high number of meteorites where exportation is not allowed and that are losing their meteorites to illegal exportation. The author recommended a win‐win regulation that would allow the legal collection and exportation of meteorites under clear rules benefiting both hunters and scientists but also the country. In 2014, Morocco updated its law regarding mines. One article cited geoheritage as including fossils, minerals, and meteorites and mentioned that their collection and exportation would be regulated by decree. In 2019, the Moroccan Geological Survey and APPGM prepared the application decree of this article that has been discussed and approved by the Moroccan government and implemented in February 2020. This situation is unique in the region as well as compared to the other countries with a high potential of meteorites collection. Meteorite researchers and collectors all over the world should be aware of this regulation in Morocco to make their acquisitions legal. They should request a copy of the “End of the work” from local traders, the receipt from the Geological survey, and the certificate of export from customs. It is an important ethical and scientific responsibility of our community.
The implementation of a pectus bar insertion enhanced recovery after surgery pathway: A quality improvement initiative
Authors: Glenski Todd A. , Taylor Christian M. , Weisberg Emily L. , Doyle Nichole M. , Melanson Andrea
Published: January 2024

Background

Pectus excavatum repair is associated with significant discomfort, and pain is a primary contributor to postoperative hospital length of stay. Recent advances in postoperative pain control include the use of intercostal cryoablation techniques that may now make it possible to discharge patients on the day of surgery. Unnecessary variation in patient care and noncompliance with care bundles may be a factor in extended length of stay. The global aim of this quality improvement initiative was to successfully implement an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathway on patients undergoing pectus excavatum repair. The SMART aim was to have a greater than 70% compliance for the perioperative bundle elements within 1 year of the pathway implementation.

Methods

Multiple Plan‐Do‐Study‐Act (PDSA) cycles were designed to create and implement an ERAS pathway for patients undergoing a pectus bar insertion procedure. This multidisciplinary pathway was designed, managed, and implemented with key stakeholders from the Departments of Evidence Based Practice, Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Perioperative Nursing. Patient characteristics, outcomes, and compliance with elements of the pathway were measured for analysis for both the baseline and post‐intervention groups with monthly automated reports.

Results

After implementation of the ERAS pathway, data on the first 50 patients showed a 90% compliance with the perioperative bundle elements. Mean length of stay was significantly decreased from 33 h (95% CI [28.76, 37.31]) to 18 h (95% CI [14.54, 21.70]). There were zero readmissions within 24 hours for patients who were discharged on the day of surgery.

Conclusion

Employing a multidisciplinary approach in both planning and execution that standardized clinician practices and minimized unnecessary variation in patient care, an ERAS pathway for pectus bar insertion has been successfully established at our institution.
The influence of pitcher handedness on pitch‐calling behavior: Insights from fMRI study on baseball umpires
Authors: Chen Yin‐Hua , Huang Shih‐Kuei
Published: January 2024

This functional magnetic resonance imaging study delves into the impact of experience and pitcher handedness on the pitch‐calling behavior of baseball umpires. Expert and intermediate umpires were asked to make ball/strike calls on videotaped pitches of left‐ and right‐handed pitchers and rate their certainty for the call while undergoing scanning. Behavioral results replicated previous findings that expert umpires were more certain but not more accurate or quicker than intermediate umpires, suggesting that, as sports officials, umpires may learn to project confidence to maintain control of the game. At the neural level, expert umpires exhibited more extensive and pronounced activations within the action observation network, dorsal striatum, and cerebellum. These heightened neural responses were probably associated with their enhanced visual processing abilities for pitching action and ball trajectory, honed over years of officiating. Notably, both expert and intermediate umpires exhibited decreased accuracy when judging pitches from left‐handed pitchers compared to right‐handed ones. These challenges in accuracy corresponded with weaker neural activations in the aforementioned brain regions, implying difficulties in processing specific visual details of the rarely encountered left‐handed pitchers. Moreover, slightly longer reaction times and reduced uncertainty were observed particularly for left‐handed ball pitches, as revealed by lower activation in the right premotor cortex, highlighting issues with predictive processing. In summary, our findings shed light on the influence of pitcher handedness on the pitch‐calling behavior of baseball umpires and extend the current understanding of the perceptual and decision‐making behavior of sports officials.
Evaluation of pharmacological alternatives to reduce the pain and discomfort produced by electroejaculation in rams
Authors: da Silva Mariana Karla Francolino , de Almeida Gélio Leonardo , Oba Eunice , de Freitas Douglas Anderson , Green Renata Elisa , Nichi Marcílio , Crespilho André Maciel
Published: January 2024

Electroejaculation (EE) represents the main technique for semen collection from domestic and wild animals independently of libido. However, the technique is associated with intense involuntary muscle contractions, vocalization, ataxia and lying down, caused by the electric stimulation of the nerves in the caudal epigastric region. These clinical manifestations represent important indicators of discomfort. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate two protocols of local anaesthetic blockade and two anatomical access for pharmacological desensitization of the caudal epigastric innervation as alternatives to promote comfort and reduce stress associated with EE in rams. For the study, four clinically healthy Dorper rams were selected. All animals were subjected to a design consisting of five semen collection treatments (n = 3 collections per treatment): T1—control, conventional EE without local anaesthetic blockade; T2, EE with ventral blockade (VB) of epigastric innervation using lidocaine hydrochloride 2%; T3, EE with VB of epigastric innervation using a combination of lidocaine hydrochloride 2% and fentanyl citrate; T4, EE with blockade of epigastric innervation through the perineal access using lidocaine hydrochloride 2%; T5, EE with blockade of epigastric innervation through the perineal access using a combination of lidocaine hydrochloride and fentanyl citrate. Seminal samples resulting from EE were subjectively evaluated for sperm motility and concentration, vigour and volume. Additionally, blood serum samples were collected for quantification of cortisol and creatine kinase (CK) enzyme. Assessments of stress and discomfort were conducted by measuring blood pressure, heart rate (HR) and respiratory rate (RR), as well as observing involuntary muscle contractions, ataxia and animal vocalization. No variations in blood pressure, sperm motility, vigour, CK, and cortisol were observed among the treatments. Individual variations were observed for the occurrence of vocalization (p = .0066), but there were no differences between the groups. Anaesthetic blockades conducted using the combination of lidocaine and fentanyl resulted in a lower incidence of ataxia during EE (p < .0001). It is concluded that the combination of fentanyl citrate and lidocaine hydrochloride results in less discomfort for animals undergoing EE, regardless of the anatomical access used for local anaesthetic blockades.
Propagating the stony coral Echinopora horrida: evaluating the effects of rearing environment and transplant orientation
Authors: Sam Shu Qin , Ng Chin Soon Lionel , Kikuzawa Yuichi Preslie , Toh Tai Chong , Chou Loke Ming
Published: January 2024

The “coral gardening” approach has been effective in facilitating the recovery of degraded reefs but methodological variations can influence survivorship and growth of the coral material. In addition, the disproportionate use of certain corals, such as acroporids and pocilloporids, has contributed to a general lack of information on growth patterns and restoration strategies for species that are less common. To investigate how the yield of other species may be increased to support reef restoration efforts in Singapore, we assessed the effects of (1) environment (nursery, reef, and seawall) and (2) transplant orientation (horizontal and vertical) on the performance of Echinopora horrida (Dana, 1846) fragments. Fragments secured in the coral nursery grew significantly faster and survived better than those transplanted on the reef and seawall, highlighting the importance of a nursery‐rearing phase in optimizing the yield of this species. Additionally, survivorship and growth rates were not significantly different between vertically and horizontally transplanted corals, suggesting that modifying transplant orientation was less crucial toward enhancing coral yield. Our findings highlighted the need to optimize the propagation techniques of a wider range of understudied coral species in order to preserve their genetic diversity in the face of anthropogenic and climatic impacts.
From Ambivalence to Accuracy: The Provisional Government’s Grain Registration in an Intermediary Province, Penza 1917
Authors: Fraunholtz Peter
Published: January 2024

Among the the existing studies of the 1917 food‐supply crisis none has examined in detail the role and impact of grain registration. This article fills that gap by investigating the implementation of grain registration in Penza province, thus adding to and complicating the increasingly decentered picture of food‐supply policy and its impact in 1917. This study asserts that a major turning point during 1917 was the poor Volga harvest, which contributed to the threat of a prolonged subsistence crisis in an intermediary province already enduring the collapse of critical resupply channels. In this context, initially ambivalent volost officials and peasants came to embrace grain registration in the post‐harvest period as a way to document a legitimate claim to receive grain. This article adds to our understanding of the variability of peasant agency exhibited during 1917. The main post‐harvest struggle was over competing interpretations of the registration process between volost and district officials. The latter were pressed by provincial and central superiors to increasingly utilize armed force, not to compel compliance with registration, but to hasten the delivery of grain to urban consumers. This study illustrates how the Provisional government’s turn to state violence to establish its procurement authority was a function of how its policies, combined with deteriorating local conditions, produced competing entitlements to grain. Rather than a continuum of crisis in which Provisional government food‐supply policies repeatedly exacerbated crisis by failing to overlap with local demands and provoked resistance among grain producers and consumers, a combination of state and non‐state factors produced an economic environment in which the interests of both volost officials and peasants were served by key features of the state grain monopoly, especially grain registration.
Towards liminal balance: Unpacking the UK's urban canal space
Authors: Kaaristo Maarja , Medway Dominic , Rhoden Steven , Burton Jamie , Bruce Helen
Published: January 2024

This paper critically examines the liminal geographies of the United Kingdom's 7,000‐mile canal and river network, embodying a thread of complex intersections and interactions between water and land. Drawing on a study involving stakeholder interviews, group discussion with canal users, and observational walks in Manchester and London, the paper explores the concepts of liminal flux, scalar intersections, and deliminalisation. We first outline how the UK's urban canals are characterised by liminal flux over time and space, reflecting their dynamic geographies. Revealing the presence of critical intersections between liminality and scale, we then focus on the ongoing and everyday spatial and territorial entanglements between different canal and towpath users. Finally, we consider the challenge of deliminalisation, and an associated shift from liminality and in‐betweenness towards greater spatial fixity via neoliberal intervention and development. Our findings highlight the importance of preserving the unique characteristics of urban canals as liminal spaces, arguing that they provide recreational opportunities and contribute to urban wellbeing by providing opportunities for ‘transitory dwelling places’. Maintaining a liminal balance within urban canal environments is therefore crucial and requires careful curation. In turn, this notion of curating liminal balance has implications for other potential waterfront developments that offer a similar positive potential for hydrocitizenship and its fluid ambiguities of in‐betweenness. Moreover, it demonstrates the importance of a ‘lighter touch’ of redevelopment and governance in some parts of the urban environment to help preserve, or even enhance, citizen wellbeing.
Tiling billards on triangle tilings, and interval exchange transformations
Authors: Baird‐Smith Paul , Davis Diana , Fromm Elijah , Iyer Sumun
Published: January 2024

We consider the dynamics of light rays in triangle tilings where triangles are transparent and adjacent triangles have equal but opposite indices of refraction. We find that the behavior of a trajectory on a triangle tiling is described by an orientation‐reversing three‐interval exchange transformation on the circle, and that the behavior of all the trajectories on a given triangle tiling is described by a polygon exchange transformation. We observe that, for a particular choice of triangle tiling, certain trajectories appear to approach the Rauzy fractal, under rescaling.
Evaluation of an Elastomeric Honeycomb Bicycle Helmet Design to Mitigate Head Kinematics in Oblique Impacts
Authors: King Annie R. A. , Rovt Jennifer , Petel Oren E. , Yu Bosco , Quenneville Cheryl E.
Published: January 2024

Head impacts in bicycle accidents are typically oblique to the impact surface and transmit both normal and tangential forces to the head, causing linear and rotational head kinematics, respectively. Traditional expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam bicycle helmets are effective at preventing many head injuries, especially skull fractures and severe traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) (primarily from normal contact forces). However, the incidence of concussion from collisions (primarily from rotational head motion) remains high, indicating need for enhanced protection. An elastomeric honeycomb helmet design is proposed herein as an alternative to EPS foam to improve TBI protection and be potentially reusable for multiple impacts, and tested using a twin-wire drop tower. Small-scale normal and oblique impact tests showed honeycomb had lower oblique strength than EPS foam, beneficial for diffuse TBI protection by permitting greater shear deformation and had the potential to be reusable. Honeycomb helmets were developed based on the geometry of an existing EPS foam helmet, prototypes were three-dimensional-printed with thermoplastic polyurethane and full-scale flat and oblique drop tests were performed. In flat impacts, honeycomb helmets resulted in a 34% higher peak linear acceleration and 7% lower head injury criteria (HIC15) than EPS foam helmets. In oblique tests, honeycomb helmets resulted in a 30% lower HIC15 and 40% lower peak rotational acceleration compared to EPS foam helmets. This new helmet design has the potential to reduce the risk of TBI in a bicycle accident, and as such, reduce its social and economic burden. Also, the honeycomb design showed potential to be effective for repetitive impact events without the need for replacement, offering benefits to consumers.
Variability in Body Shape, Superficial Soft Tissue Geometry, and Seatbelt Fit Relative to the Pelvis in Automotive Postures—Methods for Volunteer Data Collection With Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Authors: Forman Jason , Booth Gabrielle , Mergler Olivia , Romani Sarah , Zhang Honglin , Roberts Carolyn , Siegmund Gunter P. , Pipkorn Bengt , Cripton Peter
Published: January 2024

Variability in body shape and soft tissue geometry have the potential to affect the body's interaction with automotive safety systems. In this study, we developed a methodology to capture information on body shape, superficial soft tissue geometry, skeletal geometry, and seatbelt fit relative to the skeleton—in automotive postures—using Open Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Volunteer posture and belt fit were first measured in a vehicle and then reproduced in a custom MRI-safe seat (with an MR-visible seatbelt) placed in an Open MR scanner. Overlapping scans were performed to create registered three-dimensional reconstructions spanning from the thigh to the clavicles. Data were collected with ten volunteers (5 female, 5 male), each in their self-selected driving posture and in a reclined posture. Examination of the MRIs showed that in the males with substantial anterior abdominal adipose tissue, the abdominal adipose tissue tended to overhang the pelvis, narrowing in the region of the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS). For the females, the adipose tissue depth around the lower abdomen and pelvis was more uniform, with a more continuous layer superficial to the ASIS. Across the volunteers, the pelvis rotated rearward by an average of 62% of the change in seatback angle during recline. In some cases, the lap belt drew nearer to the pelvis as the volunteer reclined (as the overhanging folds of adipose tissue stretched). In others, the belt-to-pelvis distance increased as the volunteer reclined. These observations highlight the importance of considering both interdemographic and intrademographic variability when developing tools to assess safety system robustness.
A Deep Learning Approach to Predict In-Cylinder Pressure of a Compression Ignition Engine
Authors: Ristow Hadlich Rodrigo , Loprete Jason , Assanis Dimitris
Published: January 2024

As emissions regulations for greenhouse gas emissions become more strict, it is important to increase the efficiency of engines by improving on the design and operation. Current optimization methods involve performing large numbers of experimental investigations on physical engines or making use of detailed Computational Fluid Dynamics modeling efforts to provide visual and statistical insights on in-cylinder behavior. The latter still requires experimental data for model validation. Both of these methods share a common set of problems, that of being monetarily expensive and time consuming. Previous work has proposed an alternative method for engine optimization using machine learning (ML) models and experimental validation data to predict scalar values representing different parameters. With such models developed, one can then quickly iterate on operating conditions to find the point that maximizes an application-dependent reward function. While these ML methods provide information on individual performance parameters, they lack key information of in-cylinder indicators such as cylinder pressure traces and heat release curves that are traditionally used for performance analysis. This work details the process of implement- ing a Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) model capable of accurately predicting crank-angle resolved high-speed in-cylinder pressure using equivalence ratio, fuel injection pressure and injection timing as input features. It was demonstrated that the model was able to approximate engine behavior with mean squared error lower than 0.05 on a 1-55 range in the test set. This approach shows potential for greatly accelerating the optimization process in engine applications.
A Phenomenological Thermal Spray Wall Interaction Modeling Framework Applied to a High-Temperature Ignition Assistant Device
Authors: Oruganti Surya Kaundinya , Torelli Roberto , Kim Kenneth S. , Mayhew Eric , Kweon Chol-Bum “Mike”
Published: January 2024

Airborne compression ignition engines must operate with reliable ignition systems to achieve proper ignition at every cycle, particularly at high altitudes. Glow-plug-based ignition-assistant (IA) devices can provide the necessary energy to preheat the fuel and ensure ignitability of the fuel-air mixture. Ignitability of liquid sprays can be facilitated via direct impingement onto the hot IA surface, however this comes with adverse effects on the IA durability. Therefore, optimizing an IA's design requires detailed understanding of the physics of fuel spray impingement of superheated surfaces. While spray impingement on relatively low wall temperatures has been extensively studied and appropriate numerical models have been proposed through the years, fundamental understanding of high-speed liquid spray impingement on superheated walls is still elusive. This work aims to formulate a phenomenological thermal spray-wall interaction framework for modeling the film-boiling-induced heat transfer, atomization, and dispersion of fuel spray droplets impinging onto a superheated IA device. A qualitative comparison of the new phenomenological model is performed against optical experiments from the literature of an F-24 fuel spray injected onto an IA device located 12 mm away from the injector tip. The temperature of the IA was set at 1400 K. The fuel injection pressure was 400 bar, while the ambient gas pressure and temperature were 30 bar and 800 K, respectively. The performance of the phenomenological model is evaluated in comparison with two other state-of-art models from the literature. A qualitative analysis of the different spray and fuel-air mixture characteristics is performed to outline the differences in the predictions offered by the new phenomenological model and the two state-of-art spray-wall interaction models.
Influence of Accelerometer Calibration on the Estimation of Objectively Measured Physical Activity: The Tromsø Study
Authors: Weitz Marc , Morseth Bente , Hopstock Laila A. , Horsch Alexander
Published: January 2024

Accelerometers are increasingly used to observe human behavior such as physical activity under free-living conditions. An important prerequisite to obtain reliable results is the correct calibration of the sensors. However, accurate calibration is often neglected, leading to potentially biased results. Here, we demonstrate and quantify the effect of accelerometer miscalibration on the estimation of objectively measured physical activity under free-living conditions. The total volume of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) was significantly reduced after post hoc auto-calibration for uniaxial and triaxial count data, as well as for Euclidean Norm Minus One and mean amplitude deviation raw data. Weekly estimates of MVPA were reduced on average by 5.5, 9.2, 45.8, and 4.8 min, respectively, when compared to the original uncalibrated estimates. Our results indicate a general trend of overestimating physical activity when using factory-calibrated sensors. In particular, the accuracy of estimates derived from the Euclidean Norm Minus One feature suffered from uncalibrated sensors. For all modalities, the more uncalibrated the sensor was, the more MVPA was overestimated. This might especially affect studies with lower sample sizes.
A principal odor map unifies diverse tasks in olfactory perception
Authors: Lee Brian K. , Mayhew Emily J. , Sanchez-Lengeling Benjamin , Wei Jennifer N. , Qian Wesley W. , Little Kelsie A. , Andres Matthew , Nguyen Britney B. , Moloy Theresa , Yasonik Jacob , Parker Jane K. , Gerkin Richard C. , Mainland Joel D. , Wiltschko Alexander B.
Published: January 2024

Mapping molecular structure to odor perception is a key challenge in olfaction. We used graph neural networks to generate a principal odor map (POM) that preserves perceptual relationships and enables odor quality prediction for previously uncharacterized odorants. The model was as reliable as a human in describing odor quality: On a prospective validation set of 400 out-of-sample odorants, the model-generated odor profile more closely matched the trained panel mean than did the median panelist. By applying simple, interpretable, theoretically rooted transformations, the POM outperformed chemoinformatic models on several other odor prediction tasks, indicating that the POM successfully encoded a generalized map of structure-odor relationships. This approach broadly enables odor prediction and paves the way toward digitizing odors.
Fast Local Rules Based Switching and Routing Within Multidimensional Torus Interconnect
Authors: Zaitsev Dmitry A. , Shmeleva Tatiana R. , Olivera Vicente Matellán
Published: January 2024

Multidimensional torus networking topology has become widespread recently in the domain of high-performance computers, clusters, and grids, as well as in the domain of networks on chip. Torus represents an ideal communication structure with the shortest distance and multitude of alternative shortest paths between a pair of nodes. We study simple and powerful local packet forwarding (switching) rules that provide packet delivery with quasi-optimal load balancing and do not use tables of addresses (routes). Implementation of these rules in the form of micro-program code within switching nodes increases considerably network performance, security, and QoS. We use infinite Petri nets and reenterable models in the form of colored Petri nets for prototyping the multi-dimensional torus interconnect simulator to study and compare the packet forwarding rules. Then, an ad-hoc simulator of torus interconnect ts is implemented in the C language to provide high performance and the possibility of simulation over prolonged intervals of time. The simulation results acknowledge the advantages of local packet forwarding rules.
The Minmax Regret Scheduling-Location Problem on Trees with Interval-Data Edge Lengths
Authors: Le Huy Minh , Nguyen Kien Trung , Tien Liem Dinh
Published: January 2024

We address in this paper a variant of the scheduling-location (ScheLoc) problem on tree networks with interval edge lengths where the total deviation of the uncertain data cannot exceed a threshold. We further use the minmax regret concept to deal with the corresponding uncertainty. In order to solve the problem, we investigate the structure of the schedule which leads to the maximum regret value at a fixed point. Then we consider the machine location belonging to a specific edge of the tree and partition the underlying edge into regions with linear maximum regret function. Finally, we develop a combinatorial algorithm that solves the minmax regret ScheLoc problem in polynomial time based on a finite dominating set approach.
Model-based Trustworthiness Evaluation of Autonomous Cyber-Physical Production Systems: A Systematic Mapping Study
Authors: Zahid Maryam , Bucaioni Alessio , Flammini Francesco
Published: January 2024

The fourth industrial revolution, i.e., Industry 4.0, is associated with Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), which are entities integrating hardware (e.g., smart sensors and actuators connected through the Industrial Internet of Things) together with control and analytics software used to drive and support decisions at several levels. The latest developments in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) have enabled increased autonomy and closer human-robot cooperation in the production and manufacturing industry, thus leading to Autonomous Cyber-Physical Production Systems (ACPPS) and paving the way to the fifth industrial revolution (i.e., Industry 5.0). ACPPS are increasingly critical due to the possible consequences of their malfunctions on human co-workers, and therefore, evaluating their trustworthiness is essential. This article reviews research trends, relevant attributes, modeling languages, and tools related to the model-based trustworthiness evaluation of ACPPS. As in many other engineering disciplines and domains, model-based approaches, including stochastic and formal analysis tools, are essential to master the increasing complexity and criticality of ACPPS and to prove relevant attributes such as system safety in the presence of intelligent behaviors and uncertainties.
Supercapacitance Performance of Mesoporous Mono- and Bi-Metallic Cobalt and Nickel Hydroxides Nanoflakes Chemically Deposited from Foam-Surfactant Liquid Crystal Dual Templates
Authors: Ghanem Mohamed A. , Aladeemy Saba A. , Al-Mayouf Abdullah M.
Published: January 2024

Mesoporous 2D nanoflakes architectures of mono- and bi-metallic cobalt and nickel hydroxide (meso-Co-Ni(OH)2) hybrids were synthesized using novel chemical precipitation of foam-surfactant liquid crystal dual template (FSDT). The dissolved cobalt and nickel ions within the aqueous region of the Brij®78 surfactant template was reduced by the excess of sodium borohydride reducing agent that simultaneously generates excessive hydrogen foam as a double template. The physicochemical characterizations of the mono- and bi-metallic nanostructured Co-Ni(OH)2 hybrids performed using X-ray diffraction, surface area analyzer, scanning and transmission electrons microscopic techniques showed the formation of highly mesoporous hydroxides 2D nanoflakes architectures having an amorphous structure and surface area up to 253.50 m2/g. The electrochemical and supercapacitance evaluation of the mono-, and bi-metallic mesoporous hydroxides showed excellent Faradaic supercapacitance performance within a wider potential window and a higher charge and discharge rate. In particular the mesoporous monometallic of Co(OH)2, Ni(OH)2, bimetallic Co-Ni(OH)2 with Co/Ni ratios of (1:1), and (1:3), hydroxides showed total capacitances of 204, 869, 943, and 1384, F/g at charging current density of 5.0 A g−1 respectively and capacity retention rate of approximately 99.4% after 300 cycles. This suggests that these materials hold promise as electrode materials for energy storage applications.
Characterization of a New Immunosuppressive and Antimicrobial Peptide, DRS-DA2, Isolated from the Mexican Frog, Pachymedusa dacnicolor
Authors: Lacombe Claire , Aleman-Navaro Estefania , Drujon Thierry , Martinez-Osorio Veronica , Sachon Emmanuelle , Melchy-Pérez Erika , Carlier Ludovic , Fajardo Brigido Lorena Elizabeth , Fleury Yannick , Piesse Christophe , Gutiérrez-Escobedo Guadalupe , De las Peñas Alejandro , Castaño Irene , Desriac Florie , Beristain-Hernandez Jose Luis , Combadiere Christophe , Rosenstein Yvonne , Auvynet Constance
Published: January 2024

Inflammatory and antimicrobial diseases constitute a major burden for society, and fighting them is a WHO strategic priority. Most of the treatments available to fight inflammatory diseases are anti-inflammatory drugs, such as corticosteroids or immunomodulators that lack cellular specificity and lead to numerous side effects. In addition to suppressing undesired inflammation and reducing disease progression, these drugs lessen the immune system protective functions. Furthermore, treating infectious diseases is more and more challenging due to the rise of microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Thus, controlling the inflammatory process locally without compromising the ability to combat infections is an essential feature in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. We isolated three forms (DRS-DA2N, DRS-DA2NE, and DRS-DA2NEQ) of the same peptide, DRS-DA2, which belongs to the dermaseptin family, from the Mexican tree frog Pachymedusa dacnicolor. Interestingly, DRS-DA2N and DRS-DA2NEQ exhibit a dual activity by inducing the death of leukocytes as well as that of Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including multiresistant strains, without affecting other cells such as epithelial cells or erythrocytes. We showed that the death of both immune cells and bacteria is induced rapidly by DRS-DA2 and that the membrane is permeabilized, leading to the loss of membrane integrity. We also validated the capacity of DRS-DA2 to regulate the pool of inflammatory cells in vivo in a mouse model of noninfectious peritonitis. After the induction of peritonitis, a local injection of DRS-DA2N could decrease the number of inflammatory cells locally in the peritoneal cavity without inducing a systemic effect, as no changes in the number of inflammatory cells could be detected in blood or in the bone marrow. Collectively, these data suggest that this peptide could be a promising tool in the treatment of inflammatory diseases, such as inflammatory skin diseases, as it could reduce the number of inflammatory cells locally without suppressing the ability to combat infections.
Analyzing Three Types of Design Methods for 5G N41 Band Acoustic Wave Filters
Authors: Jang Youna , Ahn Dal
Published: January 2024

This paper presents three design methods for acoustic wave (AW) filters: the direct conversion design method, the slope parameter method, and the band edge fitting method (BEFM). Since the conventional BVD model consists only of lumped elements and has accuracy only near the resonance frequency, an NM-BVD model capable of broadband modeling is proposed in this paper and used to design the filter. In the proposed BEFM, a systematically optimal filter method is used to design the AW filter, and each AW resonator is tuned to the filter prototype value to meet the desired specifications. Thus, the filter design time and the number of resonators can be efficiently improved, and the filter design time can be reduced compared with the direct conversion and slope parameter methods commonly used in filter design. To demonstrate the effectiveness of these design methods, the proposed methods were used to design and fabricate an N41 filter using scandium-doped aluminum nitride (ScAlN) resonators. The broadband capabilities of the filter were verified using BEFM. The design, fabrication, and measurement of a broadband filter that meets the requirements of the 5G N41 frequency band centered at 2.593 GHz with a bandwidth of 196 MHz have verified the filter fabricated using the proposed design method. The insertion loss is less than -3 dB in the target band and more than 30 dB out of band. In summary, the proposed BEFM provides an efficient and accurate method for designing AW filters.
Comparative Analysis of Time Series Prediction Algorithms on Multiple Network Function Data of NWDAF
Authors: Chen Dasheng , Song Qi , Zhang Yinbin , Li Ling , Yang Zhiming
Published: January 2024

With the emergence and vigorous development of 5G technology, there is a significant surge in network usage and traffic, resulting in heightened complexity within network and IT environments. This exponential increase in activity produces a plethora of events, making conventional systems inadequate for the efficient management of 5G networks. In comparison to 4G technology, 5G technology brings forth a host of new features, one of which is the network data analytics function (NWDAF). This function grants network operators the flexibility to either employ their own data analytics methodologies based on machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) into their networks. In this paper, we present a dataset named “NWDAF-NFPP” for network function performance time series prediction, collected from a laboratory at China Telecom. The dataset is carefully anonymized to ensure maximum realism and comprehensiveness, while safeguarding sensitive information. It encompasses eight categories of network functions, with data collected at five-minute intervals. The availability of this dataset provides valuable resources for researchers to conduct time series prediction research on network element performance. Following data collection, a total of six models were employed for network element performance prediction, encompassing both machine learning and deep learning approaches. This diverse set of models was carefully chosen to ensure comprehensive coverage of different techniques and algorithms. Through the comparison and analysis of these models, we aim to evaluate their predictive capabilities and identify the most effective approach for network element performance prediction. This comparative analysis will provide valuable insights into the strengths and limitations of each model, aiding in informed decision-making for network optimization and management strategies in the future.
Analysis on the Dynamic Behavior of Space Shafting under Combined Load
Authors: Zhao Yan , Gao Fei , Xia Yulei , Gu Jinfang , Wang Yameng , Zhao Sen
Published: January 2024

The space shafting is the core component of the momentum exchange attitude control actuator for spacecraft.The dynamic behavior of space shafting has an important impact on the performance of the actuators. Based on the dynamic theory of rolling bearing, this paper presents a dynamic analysis model of space shafting for the interaction between bearing balls and oil‐containing nonmetallic cage under combined loads. Also, the accuracy of the analysis model was verified through a high‐speed camera system to conduct a cage speed test. In addition, the dynamic behavior of balls and cage under combined loads and the interaction between them is also analysed. The results show that the axial displacements of balls fluctuate periodically under combined loads, and the rotation speeds of balls and cage are easily affected by the load, presenting as the oscillation of speed. Also, the force between balls and cage increases as the load increases. The dynamic behavior of balls and cage could be effectively improved by avoiding excessive torque loads and limiting the axial preload to 40 N. The wear failure caused by unstable operation of bearings cannot be ignored. This model is more practical in completing simulation analysis of different operating conditions and structural parameters of the shafting system. It provides a theoretical reference for the structural design and performance analysis of space shafting.
Demographic, Clinical Profile of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients and Their Association with Disease Severity in Ghana
Authors: Buckman Tonnies Abeku , Sakyi Samuel Asamoah , Yeboah-Mensah Kwame , Antwi Maxwell Hubert , Darban Isaac , Owusu-Brenya Lawrence , Yorke Joseph , Boateng Andy Opoku , Senu Ebenezer , Dompreh Albert , Addei Akwasi Minnah , Boateng Richard , Yankey Ortis , Tandoh Samuel
Published: January 2024

Background. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is one of the frequent chronic, systemic, inflammatory autoimmune disorders with an estimated global prevalence of 1%. RA leads to joint destruction and disability if left untreated. Ghana has seen very few studies on RA, and little is known about the disease’s severity and related variables. This study sought to characterize the clinical presentation and determine disease severity and associated risk factors with disease severity among RA patients in a tertiary hospital in Ghana. Methods. This cross-sectional study was conducted between September 2020 and August 2021. This study included 56 consecutively consenting RA patients from the Komfo Anokye Teaching Hospital orthopaedic unit. Diagnosis of RA was based on the updated American College of Rheumatology/European League Against Rheumatism (ACR/EULAR) 2022 rheumatoid arthritis classification criteria by a rheumatologist. A study questionnaire was used to gather participant demographics and clinical features, and results from the laboratory were taken from the patients’ charts and medical records. The patients’ disease severity was evaluated based on the rheumatoid arthritis disease activity score, which is based on a 28-joint count (DAS28), and their functioning was evaluated using the modified health assessment questionnaire. Results. The participants’ mean age was 51.25±13.22 years. Out of the total participants, 46 were females, and 10 were males (female-to-male ratio 4.6 : 1). Moreover, 37.50% had arthritis of the hand; 5.30% had severe disease, and 94.60% were not severe. A majority (76.80%) were on methotrexate medication. The most frequently involved joints were the knee (42.90%), wrist (32.10%), and elbow (12.50%). There was no statistically significant association with disease severity and a functional status score of >0.5 (cOR: 10.60, 95% CI (0.52-217.30); p=0.124). In addition, marital status (p=0.04), disease duration (p=0.04), family complaints (p=0.02), and ESR (p=0.03) were significantly associated with disease severity. Conclusion. RA is predominant among elder populations and females. Disease duration, family complaints, and ESR are associated with disease severity. The findings of this study call for interventions towards ensuring early diagnosis of RA among high-risk populations to enhance good management practices.
Food Hygiene, Safety Measures, and Associated Factors among Street Food Vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: Implications for Intervention Activity Design and Implementation
Authors: Weldesenbet Hadgu Haftamu , Chane Kasahun Yawukal , Negash Habtamu , Jara Dube
Published: January 2024

Background. Foodborne outbreaks and epidemic diseases are common in resource-limited countries. Many people in developing countries are increasing their habit of eating fast foods prepared on the street due to their low cost and accessibility, while most of them get sick due to poor food hygiene practices and safety measures among the street food vendors. Therefore, this research is aimed at assessing food hygiene knowledge, practices, and associated factors among street food vendors. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 494 street food vendors in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The data were collected using a face-to-face interview with a pretested questionnaire. All precautions for prevention of COVID-19 were followed since the study was conducted during the COVID-19 era. The data were entered into a computer and cleaned using EpiData 3.4 before being exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. A multivariable logistic regression with a 95% confidence interval was used to identify the factors that were significantly associated with poor hygiene practice. Results. In this study, 78% of street food vendors had poor hygienic practices. Monthly income less than 2000 birr (AOR=1.95, 95% CI (1.36, 11.26), p=0.014), age groups less than 25 years of age (AOR=3.17, 95% CI (1.12, 8.97), p=0.03), food vendors who prepare food while not healthy (AOR=2.07, 95% CI (1.25, 5.93), p=0.025), and lack of toilet facilities (AOR=2.84, 95% CI (1.58, 9.68), p≤0.001) were significantly associated with the poor hygiene practices of street food vendors at a significance level of p≤0.05. Conclusions. The general food hygiene practices and safety measures were poor. Age groups younger than 25 years of age, monthly income less than 2000 birr, preparing food while sick, and lack of access to toilet facilities were significantly associated with poor food hygiene and safety practices. To promote food safety and community health, street food vendors should receive health education and training about proper food hygiene practices through health extension workers and mass media. Basic infrastructure and services like clean water supply and waste disposal facilities should be provided for street vendors to improve food hygiene and safety practices.