bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INVESTIGATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE TEACHERS IN DEVELOPING TPACK AND MULTIMODAL LITERACY
Authors: Drajati Nur Arifah , Tan Lynde , Haryati Sri , Rochsantiningsih Dewi , Zainnuri Hasan
Published: February 2018

Technology in every field is snowballing. Likewise, the use of technology in education requires knowledge and understanding of English teachers. The fact that most of the technology for enhanced language learning workshop did not continue into the classrooms. Another case is that teachers do not want to use technology at all in their classrooms because of lacking time and facilities. TPACK namely Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge provides insight for pre-service teachers and in-service teachers of English to optimize three things for education; those are the aspect of technology, pedagogy, and content knowledge. With the use of this learning model, excellent technology, pedagogy, and knowledge will support and produce a comprehensive learning process. The purpose of this study was to examine the perception and implementation of pre-service teachers and in-service teachers about the literacy of the three above aspects. By using qualitative research, we get the data from questionnaires of 100 pre-service teachers and in-service teachers. The findings describe the demographic teacher with technology, pedagogy and content knowledge literacy (TPACK). The three points of the TPACK literacy are Pedagogical Content Knowledge for Multimodal Literacy, Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (21st C Learning), and Knowledge about digital media tools. The implications of this research give direction and the alternatives to the implementation of the TPACK model for English classroom. In future, it provides the advantages to developing the quality of English teachers’ professional development. Keywords:
CORRELATING WRITER’S BLOCK AND ESL LEARNERS’ WRITING QUALITY
Authors: Dela Rosa John Paul O. , Genuino Cecilia F.
Published: February 2018

Despite the importance of writing in the language learners’ development, there are difficulties faced by English as a Second Language (ESL) learners that stem from various factors. One of them is the presence of writer’s block that could affect writing quality. Therefore, this study aims to describe writer’s block, along with a statistically-laden analysis of the possible correlation between the blocking experiences of 55 Filipino ESL learners and the levels of easability and readability of the essays they had written.  This research employed a descriptive-correlational design using The Questionnaire in Identifying Writer’s Block (QIWB) to gauge the extent of occurrence of writer’s block and the Coh-Metrix Common Core Text Easability and Readability Assessor (hereafter Coh-Metrix T.E.R.A.), an online computational tool, to measure the levels of easability and readability of the essays. The result shows that the learners generally experienced writer’s block, and their essays collectively showed high levels of easability on the basis of narrativity, referential cohesion, and deep cohesion. However, the essays were low in syntactic simplicity and word concreteness, while the level of readability computed exceeded that of the reading ability of 10th-grade learners. Test of correlation revealed that there exists negligible relationship between writer’s block and the overall easability and readability levels of the essays, though a significant but a weak relationship was documented between lateness and word concreteness and with premature editing and deep cohesion, respectively.
HEDGES USED BY INDONESIAN ELT STUDENTS IN WRITTEN AND SPOKEN DISCOURSES
Authors: Rida Asfina , Kadarisman A. Effendi , Astuti Utari Praba
Published: February 2018

Hedging expression is considered an important interactional metadiscourse device which shows the writer’s/speaker’s degree of confidence in the truth of a proposition and his/her attitude to the readers or listeners in academic discourse. Although considerable research on hedges has been undertaken, there have been virtually no studies on hedges in spoken discourse in educational contexts. To fill this gap, this study aims at describing and comparing the use of hedges by Indonesian ELT students in written and spoken discourses. This study is descriptive qualitative in nature. The research subjects were 20 ELT graduate students registered in 2015 at a state university in East Java, Indonesia. The sources of data were the students’ thesis proposals and thesis proposal presentations, particularly the ‘background of the study’ section. As such, the study used a corpus-based approach which utilized concordance software, i.e. AntConc (3.4.4), to examine the frequency of hedges based on types. The use of hedges was categorized on the basis of hedges taxonomy adapted from Salager-Meyer (1994) and Hyland (2005). The findings of this study revealed that (i) in terms of types and frequency, the patterns of the use of hedges types (from the most to the least frequently used) by ELT students in both corpora were almost similar: WD: S–Ap–Em–Ex–Ch, and SD: S–Ap–Ex–Em–Ch (see Table 2 for legends); (ii) ELT students employed more hedges in written discourse than in spoken discourse; and (iii) approximately 65% of hedges variants provided in the taxonomy were employed by ELT students in written and spoken discourses. On the basis of the results of the study, the discourse mode (written or spoken) can be a factor that affects the use of hedges in academic discourse.
POLITENESS STRATEGIES, LINGUISTIC MARKERS AND SOCIAL CONTEXTS IN DELIVERING REQUESTS IN JAVANESE
Authors: Sukarno Sukarno
Published: February 2018

Delivering request is not only influenced by linguistic factors, but also by socio-cultural factors. Some studies have reported the interaction between linguistic and socio-cultural factors in delivering requests in many different languages. However, this issue is rarely explored in Javanese (language). The aim of this study is to investigate the politeness strategies, the linguistic markers, and the social contexts commonly used to deliver requests in Javanese. The data were collected and sorted from the conversations among the Javanese people in Jember, East Java, Indonesia, when making speech acts to deliver requests. Having been sorted, the data were analysed using deconstructive method to reveal the linguistic markers commonly used by the Javanese speakers to deliver requests and the social-cultural backgrounds which influence the choice of the politeness strategies. This research shows that (1) there are four types (most direct, direct, less direct, and indirect) of politeness strategies in Javanese, (2) there are four linguistic devices (sentence moods, speech levels, passive voice, and supposition/condition) as the markers of the politeness strategies and (3) the choices of the levels are strongly influenced by the social contexts (social distance, age, social status or power, and the size of imposition) among the tenors. The appropriate strategies of delivering requests in Javanese will make the communication among the interlocutors run harmoniously.
TO TRANSLANGUAGE OR NOT TO TRANSLANGUAGE? THE MULTILINGUAL PRACTICE IN AN INDONESIAN EFL CLASSROOM
Authors: Rasman Rasman
Published: February 2018

Translanguaging, the use of learners’ full linguistic repertoire in language learning, has recently been theorized as an effective pedagogical practice because it creates more learning opportunities for multilinguals. Despite the growing number of research on this topic, less attention has been paid on the actual use of translanguaging in the classroom. This study aims to fill this gap by investigating translanguaging practice in an EFL classroom in Indonesia where learners used their full repertoire (English, Indonesian, Javanese) to negotiate meaning in learner-learner interactions. Specifically, this research attempts to find out both the effectiveness and the challenges of applying translanguaging to promote learning. The data were collected from the video-recording of naturally-occuring interactions among junior high school students (14-15 years old) in an EFL classroom in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data were analyzed using discourse analysis technique and perceived using ecological approach to explain the dialectical relationship between local interaction and the wider socio-political context. The findings show that translanguaging could help learners to develop their multilingual competencies (including the English language). However, the different socio-politically constructed status of English, Indonesian, and Javanese is still prevalent among students and thus, it inhibits them from maximizing their full repertoire when learning English. Further pedagogical implications related to the translanguaging practice for teachers are also suggested in this article.
COMMUNICATION PATTERNS AMONG KIAIS OF NAHDLATUL ULAMA IN THE MADURESE ETHNIC GROUP
Authors: Haryono Akhmad
Published: February 2018

Research on communication patterns with an ethnographic approach has been conducted by many linguists, but apparently there has hardly been any  research  on communication patterns within an NU society with its strong paternalistic cultural background. In fact, the uniqueness of this culture also has had a major influence on NU members’ communication patterns in their daily interaction. This study aims to describe the communication patterns among kiais (venerated teachers of Islam) of Nahdlatul Ulama in the Madurese ethnic group (NUME) and account for the factors affecting those patterns of communication. A qualitative method with an ethnographic approach was applied to achieve this research’s objectives. The data were collected through participatory and non-participatory observations, interviews, note-taking, and recording. The recorded data were transcribed and analyzed descriptively using the components of speech analysis, conversational analysis, discourse analysis with pragmatic concepts, and explanation. This study found that giving an honor to the teacher in the NU tradition is an obligation and a tradition that is still maintained. This phenomenon is reflected in the patterns of communication among kiais that have teacher-student ties (KT-KS). The patterns of communication among kiais bearing teacher-students ties (KT-KS) are influenced by situational factors, i.e. formal and informal situations. In an informal situation the KT-KS patterns of communication are influenced by age differences. The age differences that affect the gaps of KT-KS patterns of communication both in formal and informal situations only find expression in the use of speech levels, while in terms of patterns of  language selection, tones of voice, body language, and turn-taking, the differences were not found.
La política de los presupuestos municipales: conformación de jurisdicciones fiscales en las municipalidades de campaña del Estado de Buenos Aires (1854-1860)
Authors: Canedo Mariana
Published: February 2018

El objetivo del trabajo es analizar la construcción de fiscalidades municipales a partir de los primeros presupuestos realizados por las municipalidades de campaña en el Estado de Buenos Aires. Argumentamos que, en el contexto de la instauración extensiva del régimen municipal en el ámbito rural, la política de los presupuestos constituyó un intento de ordenamiento fiscal y de afianzamiento de los vínculos políticos entre diferentes actores en el Estado de Buenos Aires, separado de la Confederación Argentina. Reconstruimos el proceso de elaboración de los presupuestos, analizando las variadas perspectivas del ministro de Gobierno, los representantes en las cámaras legislativas y los integrantes de las municipalidades de campaña sobre los presupuestos, la fiscalidad local y la naturaleza de las municipalidades a mediados del siglo XIX.
Evolución del riesgo de extinción y estado actual de conservación de las aves de Colombia
Authors: Renjifo Luis Miguel , Amaya-Villarreal Ángela María
Published: February 2018

La evaluación periódica del riesgo de extinción de las especies es indispensable para monitorear el progreso o retroceso de su estado de conservación. Se analiza aquí la evolución de las listas y libros rojos de aves en Colombia en cuanto al sistema de evaluación, los métodos y la composición de las especies. Las cinco evaluaciones realizadas a la fecha utilizaron el sistema de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (International Union for Conservation of Nature, UICN). Los métodos han progresado notablemente desde las evaluaciones que se basaban exclusivamente en el criterio experto hasta las actuales que utilizan herramientas analíticas sofisticadas sin dejar de usar el criterio experto. En total, 62, 81, 89, 112 y 140 especies estuvieron en alguna categoría de amenaza en los años 1986, 1998, 2001, 2002 y 2016, respectivamente. Al comparar las evaluaciones del 2002 y el 2016, la proporción de especies bajo alguna categoría de amenaza se ha reducido para el criterio A (rápido declive poblacional); es estable para el criterio B (distribución pequeña, fragmentada y en disminución), en tanto que ha aumentado para el criterio C (población pequeña y en disminución). La agricultura, la ganadería, la cacería y el tráfico ilegal, así como los cultivos ilícitos, son las amenazas directas más significativas actualmente (55, 44, 32 y 31 % de especies afectadas, respectivamente). Tomadas en su conjunto, estas amenazas sugieren que su principal causa para las aves es la debilidad del control del Estado sobre el territorio. Las familias Psittacidae, Grallariidae y Cracidae son particularmente sensibles. La precisión de futuras evaluaciones se beneficiará con la información sobre las densidades poblacionales en diferentes tipos de hábitats y gradientes de idoneidad, así como con los registros de georreferenciación de alta calidad y la exploración de regiones con escasos niveles de información ornitológica. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
Analysis and geometry on non-smooth domains
Authors: Toro Tatiana
Published: February 2018

Esta nota esta basada en la charla de posesión como Miembro Correspondiente de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas Fisicas y Naturales. En ella describo algunos de los resultados recientes en un area de análisis que esta enfocada en entender la relación entre las propiedades geométricas de un dominio y el comportamiento hacia la frontera de las soluciones de ecuaciones diferenciales parciales en este dominio. © 2017. Acad. Colomb. Cienc. Ex. Fis. Nat.
A paisagem no teatro de Gertrude Stein e seus desdobramentos
Authors: Do Amarante Dirce Waltrick
Published: February 2018

No final do século XIX, o teatro passou por uma revolução cênica na Europa. No século XX, a escritora e dramaturga norte-americana Gertrude Stein, radicada em Paris, levou adiante essas transformações, propondo "peças-paisagem", as quais mesclam teatro com artes plásticas, impondo uma nova forma de percepção teatral.
Hilda Hilst e Georges Bataille de mãos dadas com a morte
Authors: Barbosa Aline Leal Fernandes
Published: February 2018

O erotismo, o sagrado e a morte são temas recorrentes nas obras de Hilda Hilst e de Georges Bataille. Apostando no movimento contínuo de transgressão dos limites do humano, a morte, seu caráter irrevogável, será a experiência radical de continuidade a que o erotismo e o sagrado tendem, exibindo a passagem entre a animalidade e a humanidade. E uma vez que a morte é sempre a de um terceiro, pretendemos, neste artigo, a partir da obra e da trajetória de Hilda Hilst e de Georges Bataille, esboçar algumas paisagens poéticas do espetáculo do ver-se morrer através do outro.
Entrevista com Berthold Zilly
Authors: D’Avila Claudia Silveyra , Cardellino Soto Traduzida por Pablo
Published: February 2018

Berthold Zilly, nasceu em 1945 em Danndorf, Norte da Alemanha. É doutor em filologias românicas e germânicas, com tese sobre Molière, pela Freie Universität Berlin, na qual lecionou letras latino-americanas (1974-2010), o que também fez na Universität Bremen (2004-2010). Ministrou cursos intensivos e palestras em universidades latino-americanas, norte-americanas e europeias. Sempre se engajou também na extensão cultural, colaborando intensamente com a difusão da cultura brasileira na Alemanha. Publicou numerosos artigos, resenhas, ensaios sobre literatura brasileira e argentina, com dois enfoques: literatura – história; literatura comparada – tradução. Levou clássicos da América Latina e de Portugal para o alemão, Civilización y barbarie de Domingo F. Sarmiento, Os Sertões de Euclides da Cunha, Memorial de Aires de Machado de Assis, Triste fim de Policarpo Quaresma de Lima Barreto, Confissão de Lúcio de Mário de Sá-Carneiro, Lavoura arcaica de Raduan Nassar. Pratica a tradução como parte integrante do ensino e da pesquisa de línguas e literaturas estrangeiras e dos estudos interculturais. Recebeu diversas condecorações no Brasil e na Alemanha, a mais recente em agosto de 2017, na UERJ, o Prêmio Blaise Cendrars, que é outorgado anualmente pela Associação Brasileira de Literatura Comparada (Abralic), “como reconhecimento a especialista estrangeiro por sua contribuição ao estudo da literatura brasileira em chave comparada”. Atualmente, é professor visitante na Pós-graduação em Estudos da Tradução, da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
H5N1 influenza vaccine quality is affected by hemagglutinin conformational stability
Authors: Sergeeva Mariia , Krokhin Artem , Matrosovich Mikhail , Matrosovich Tatyana , Wolschek Markus , Kiselev Oleg , Romanova Julia
Published: February 2018

Since 1997, highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza viruses have circulated in wild and domestic birds and sporadically have infected humans. Conventional inactivated vaccines made from these viruses were shown to have decreased HA content and immunogenicity compared to seasonal preparations. We assumed that the high pH threshold (5.6-6.0) known for the HA conformational change (pH of fusion or activation) of avian highly pathogenic influenza viruses was the reason of the low stability of native HA conformation and affected the vaccine quality. The 58Lys→Ile mutation introduced into the HA2 subunit of the HA of A/chicken/Kurgan/5/05 (H5N1) virus decreased the pH threshold of the HA activation. The mutant virus demonstrated increased HA stability toward acidic pH and elevated temperature, decreased binding efficiency to the monoclonal antibody IIF4 that recognizes the HA low pH form, and increased HA resistance to trypsin digestion. Virus with modified HA was less susceptible to freezing stress and showed an increased content of immunocompetent HA in inactivated vaccine preparation compared to the analogous virus with original HA. Therefore, we have shown a way to increase the quality of inactivated vaccines made from highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses.
Development of the cell-ELISA test for the subtype identification of circulating influenza A(H1) and A(H3) viruses
Authors: Krivitskaya Vera , Sorokin Evgeniy , Tsareva Tatyana , Petrova Ekaterina , Konovalova Nadezhda , Pisareva Maria , Buzitskaya Zhanna , Smirnova Tatyana , Sominina Anna
Published: February 2018

The sensitive version of cell-ELISA was developed for the subtype-specific differentiation of current influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 and A(H3N2) viruses that are circulating in the human population. This method is based on the estimation of virus reproduction in infected MDCK cells. The detection step of this method is an interaction of the subtype-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) with the viral hemagglutinin (НA) molecule. The influenza A virus strains, isolated in the 2014 epidemic season, were used to validate this method.

It was shown that when using mAbs # 1/ # 2 or # 4 at a concentration of 10-15 μg/ml, the developed variant of cell-ELISA was able to detect НA protein synthesized in the infected cells of influenza A(H3N2) and A(H1N1)pdm09 viruses, respectively.

The developed method can be used for the identification of modern influenza A viruses with low hemagglutination activity, which is not possible by the conventional hemagglutination inhibition test.
Разработка холодоадаптированного реассортантного вируса гриппа А/H6N1 на основе донора аттенуации A/Ленинград/134/17/57 (H2N2) и его генотипирование методом анализа кривых плавления высокого разрешения (HRM-анализ)
Authors: Дешева Ю. А. , Смолоногина T. А. , Ландграф Г. О. , Руденко Л. Г.
Published: February 2018

Холодоадаптированный реассортантный штамм вируса гриппа А/17/серебристая чайка/Сарма/2006/887 (H6N1) получен на основе донора аттенуации А/Ленинград/134/17/57 (H2N2) методом генетической реассортации в куриных эмбрионах. Структура генома реассортанта была проанализирована методом ПЦР в реальном времени с последующим анализом кривых плавления высокого разрешения (high resolution melting, HRM-анализ) при использовании интеркалирующего флуоресцентного красителя EvaGreen. Анализ кривых плавления ДНК копий РНК фрагментов (PB2, PB1, PA, NP, М, NS) показал, что реассортантный вирус гриппа А/17/серебристая чайка/Сарма/2006/887 (H6N1) унаследовал гены внутренних и неструктурных белков от донора аттенуации. По антигенным свойствам реассортант соответствовал вирусу гриппа птиц А/серебристая чайка/Сарма/51с/2006 (H6N1). Изучение фенотипических свойств реассортанта показало, что вирус А/17/ серебристая чайка/Сарма/2006/887 (H6N1) характеризуется температурочувствительностью и холодоадаптированностью в куриных эмбрионах и аттенуирован для мышей при интраназальном введении. Данный реассортант может быть рекомендован кандидатом в вакцинные штаммы для живой гриппозной вакцины для людей.
Influence of single amino acid substitutions in the hemagglutinin on the antigenic and receptor-binding properties of influenza virus B/Florida/04/2006 of Yamagata-like evolutionary lineage
Authors: Sorokin Evgeniy V. , Tsareva Tatyana R. , Sominina Anna A. , Pisareva Maria M. , Komissarov Andrey B. , Kosheleva Anna A.
Published: February 2018

Influenza A and B viruses use sialylated oligosaccharide chains expressed on the surface of a host cell as the cell entry receptors. The type of the bond between sialic acid (SA) and the neighboring galactose residue (Gal) is one of the main characteristics that define the type of receptor. Influenza viruses recognize SAα2-3Gal- or SAα2-6Gal-structures on the surface of the cells. Influenza A viruses of avian origin bind α2-3-sialylated glycans, while the human strains bind preferentially α2-6-sialylated ones. However, the receptor-binding specificity of influenza B viruses has not been characterized sufficiently so far. In this study, we selected the escape mutants of influenza B/Florida/04/2006 strain (Yamagata-like lineage) using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to hemagglutinin (HA). The analysis of the amino acid sequences of mAb-induced escape mutants revealed the single amino acid substitutions 40Tyr→His, 85His→Tyr, 202Asn→Lys and 242Ser→Arg in 10F4-, 8Н11-, 8Н3- and 9A3-induced HA variants, correspondingly. It was shown that the single amino acid substitutions 202Asn→Lys and 242Ser→Arg alter the receptor-binding specificity of the influenza B virus. These findings are important for the understanding of the influence of individual amino acid residues in HA on the receptor-binding properties of influenza B Yamagata-like lineage viruses and allow us to predict the possible ways of their evolution.
A new safe and effective cold-adapted modified live equine influenza virus vaccine that enables the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals
Authors: Tabynov Kaissar
Published: February 2018

An analysis of the main advantages and shortcomings of the existing inactivated and live vaccines against the equine influenza viruses (EIVs) is given in this paper. For the first time, the most important information, concerning the development of a new live modified cold-adapted (ca) equine influenza virus vaccine based on the A/HK/Otar/6:2/2010 strain is summarized. We discuss a number of unique features of the developed vaccine that have not previously been reported, and compare the new vaccine with the existing equine influenza vaccines. The properties of the developed equine vaccine include: long-lasting (12 months or more) protective immunity after a single immunization; sterile immunity after double vaccination; cross-protection against the heterologous virus at 12 months after double vaccination and the differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals.
Liberdade e anonimato no contexto da cibercultura
Authors: Arrabal Alejandro Knaesel , Engelmann Wilson , Melo Milena Petters
Published: February 2018

O desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC’s) oportunizou a emergência da Cibercultura. Com ela, a debatida dissolução da fronteira entre o público e o privado aproximou os conceitos de anonimato e privacidade. Este artigo procura avaliar sob quais condições é possível (ou não) admitir esta aproximação e considerar o anonimato como uma prática (i)legítima no plano das relações sociais mediadas por TIC’s. Desenvolvido a partir de revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho foi estruturado em duas partes. A primeira trata do conceito de liberdade como expressão da autonomia individual e aborda a questão do nome como elemento constitutivo da existência em sociedade. A segunda explora o conceito de Cibercultura e as diversas manifestações e motivações relacionadas ao anonimato.
O custo dos direitos fundamentais: o direito à saúde em frente às teorias da reserva do possível e do mínimo existencial
Authors: Souza Oreonnilda de , Oliveira Lourival José de
Published: February 2018

O Estado tem invocado a teoria da reserva do possível para justificar a inefetividade do direito à saúde, alegando afronta ao princípio da separação dos poderes, à repartição de competências e aos repasses orçamentários. Mesmo diante dos impactos econômicos gerados pelas decisões judiciais, verificou-se que a Lei Fundamental prevê mecanismos para a efetivação dos direitos fundamentais e para revisão e/ou anulação de atos exorbitantes ao poder discricionário e atos de ingerência da Administração Pública, reflexos do sistema checks and balances. Os métodos utilizados foram o hipotético-dedutivo e hermenêutico, a partir de revisão bibliográfica e pesquisa jurisprudencial da Suprema Corte.
Engels como crítico do direito e da igualdade jurídica: a luta por direitos e sua ambiguidade
Authors: Sartori Vitor
Published: February 2018

Trataremos do modo pelo qual Engels, procurando dar continuidade ao trabalho de Marx, debruça-se sobre o Direito e, em específico, sobre a questão da igualdade jurídica. Sobre o assunto, ver-se-á, o autor procura traçar uma oposição entre aquela igualdade que se coloca no “terreno do Direito” e a igualdade social a qual, segundo o autor do Anti-Düring, remete para além do Direito, do Estado e, no limite, para além da própria sociedade capitalista
A plena deliberação interna do Supremo Tribunal Federal para a efetiva criação dos precedentes judiciais vinculantes estabelecidos pelo novo Código de Processo Civil
Authors: Panutto Peter
Published: February 2018

O artigo trata da implantação pelo Novo Código de Processo Civil brasileiro de um sistema de precedentes judiciais vinculantes e da consequente necessidade de adequação dos procedimentos de votação colegiada do Supremo Tribunal Federal e dos demais tribunais de nosso país, para que as decisões geradoras de precedentes sejam resultado de plena deliberação colegiada, com reconhecimento institucional do precedente. São analisados os modelos de decisão colegiada seriatim, per curiam e majoritariam practice, concluindo-se que este último é mais apropriado aos tribunais brasileiros. O objetivo do artigo é demonstrar que a não adequação do procedimento deliberativo dos tribunais acarretará na ineficácia deste sistema de precedentes. O método adotado é hipotético-dedutivo, mediante análise crítica da necessidade de aprimoramento de criação e respeito dos precedentes.
Assessment of air pollution effects in the subjects of Khartoum industrial area, Sudan via cytological interpretations
Authors: Osman EM
Published: February 2018

The study was conducted to assess the air pollution-related lung cellular proliferative activity and inflammatory cells infiltrate among Sudanese subjects, who worked at least 8 hours per day. A total of seventy-five workers who worked for at least 5 years in the polluted area were included, sputum/ blood samples were collected to evaluate the cytological atypia and metaplasia.Out of 75 subjects, Cytological atypia and metaplasia were detected among 8% and 16% of the participant respectively, and such types of changes due to the exposure of occupational air pollution were found to be statistically significant (P= 0.01 ). Similarly, acute and chronic inflammatory cells infiltrate were identified among 10.7% and 14.7% of the study subject respectively; the changes was statistically significant compared to control (P= 0.001). Exposure to occupational air pollutant was associated with alteration in cells of lungs such atypia, acute and chronic inflammatory cells. This finding supports the earlier studies that long exposure to air pollutants is associated to lung atypical alterations.

Keywords: Lung epithelial, air pollution hazards, Sudan
The Importance of Family Centered Care and Assessment
Authors: Aykanat Girgin Burcu
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Development and protection of children's health is important for the promotion and protection of public health. Primary responsibility for the development and protection of public health isin the family then the health care team members and the social environment. Hospitalization of a child is a stressful process both for the child and the family. In the literature, requirements of families are reported about staying with their children at hospital during hospitalization, taking active role in caring for their children and being informed for the health condition of the child, diagnosis and treatment tests. Therefore, family centered care is suggested for accelerating child’s recovery process with decreased child’s and families anxiety and providing the most convenient health service for expectations and needs of families in the hospital environment. Family centered care philosophy is based on recognition of the family’s central role in the child’s life and providing active participation of the family for health related decisions about their children. To effectively practice family centered care, nurses must be clear and consistent in their understanding and practices about the care of children and their families. Child Health Nurses need valid and reliable measurement tools to show their perceptions and practices regarding family centered care. In the literature, Family Centered Care Questionnaire, Family Centered Care Survey and Measure of Processes of Care for Service Providers were found to assess family centered care applications. However, the studies showing status of family centered care model in our country and studies introduce this measurement tools are very limited. Introduction and use of this measurement tools is very important for the quality of care given by nurses.

Keywords: family centered care, child health nurses, assessment.
Effect of job and individual factors on Work Ability Index (WAI) in a dairy company
Authors: Kalte Haji Omid
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Background: The work ability index (WAI) is one the most widely used instruments for measuring perceived work ability. However, very few studies have used this instrument in Iran. The present study is designed to assess effect of individual and work-related risk factors on the WAI in one dairy factory. Methods: This cross-sectional study was designed among 117 workers. Work ability was measured by the Persian versions of Work Ability Index (P-WAI). An author-developed measure was used to assess individual and work-related factors. All Statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics 21 (USA, SPSS Inc.). Results: The mean age of participants was 32.38 ± 7.3 and the Mean score of the WAI was 44.92 ± 5.56. According to the categorical classification of WAI score, 10.9, 35.6, and 53.5 % of participants had moderate, good and excellent work ability, respectively. The results of statistical analyses showed that mean WAI significantly differed with age (0.049), sleep quality (p= 0.035) and employment status (p= 0.014). Conclusion: To improve the workers’ work ability, intervention programs should focus on improving sleep quality and exercise. Also, we suggest that increasing job insecurity should be considered an important intervention in promoting worker’s work ability.

Keywords: Work Ability Index (WAI), Sleep Quality, Job Insecurity
Identifying Ergonomic Risk Factors in Bank
Authors: Ozvurmaz Safiye
Published: February 2018

Abstract

Working without changing posture for a long period, repetitive body motions and non-ergonomic work conditions can lead various health problems in bank employees. In this study, the objective is to investigate the ergonomic risk factors of bank employees who work with computers. The study involves 221 bank employees who work with computers. Data were collected using self-assessment surveys which were completed between July-September 2013. The survey includes socio-demographic and work related questions. Ergonomic risk points were assessed using a 6-level Likert scale which inquires constant standing, constant sitting and repetitive motions. Higher ergonomic risk scores indicate poor/inconvenient working conditions. Ergonomic risk point was calculated between 4 as minimum and 24 as maximum. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-square test, student t-test and logistic regression analysis. Demographics of the participants are as follows: 46.6% aged between 30-39 years, 56.1% male, %91.1 university-graduate, 65.6% married, 48.8% have kids. 19.9% of participants do sports, 83.7% right-handed, 6.8% has attended training about ergonomics, 8.1% constantly stand, 40.3% constantly sit, 33.9% do repetitive motions and 5.4% movements which are drastic for the body. 51.1% of the participants described their office chairs to have a medium comfort level and 4.5% reported their office table to have a very good comfort level. Mean ergonomic risk level point is calculated as 13.8±2.8, weekly total computer use time was calculated as 44.6±10.4 and mean comfort perception point for work environment is calculated as 18.9±4.3. It is determined that ergonomic risk factors are common in bank employees working with computers.

Keywords: Ergonomics, risk factor, bank employee, computer Workstation
Green Leaf Grocery - Executive Compensation Case Study
Authors: Cox Marcus Z. , Crocker Robert Mitchell
Published: February 2018

The primary purpose of this teaching case is to aid students in understanding how executive compensation plans are utilized to achieve organizational goals and to then construct their own executive compensation plan for the CEO of Greenleaf Grocery, a fictional retail business based on an actual company.

Students have the opportunity to create a comprehensive executive compensation plan using salary, bonuses, stock options, benefits, and other compensation tools.  Additionally, the case provides the opportunity to discuss the use of both short-term and long-term incentive compensation.  The company in this case is poised to undertake an initial public offering of stock and retaining the current CEO is viewed as critical for this next phase.  

 The case affords the class the opportunity to explore ethical issues in executive compensation as well as other aspects of the organization’s overall compensation structure.
Implementation of the ICT Program in Schools from the Point of View of the ICT Coordinators
Authors: Wasserman Egoza , Refaeli Chagit
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this research is to examine the work of the ICT coordinator in the school: How does the coordinator see his role and work, what are the characteristics of the coordinators work and his relationship with supervisors, instructors, principals, teachers and students. The research was conducted in the qualitative method, the tool used to assemble data was a semi-structured interview; Ten ICT coordinators were interviewed from a variety of ages and a wide range of experience in teaching. The study found that ICT coordinators are the key figures in getting the process of implementation moving. The ICT coordinators know the importance of their roles in the schools and feel a great sense of responsibility. The coordinators are responsible for many fields, including the budgetary framework, promoting the teaching-learning process and leading school projects. The coordinators attest to a high level of trust with the principals and a good working relationship with the Ministry of Education’s instructors, so that they have an open channel of dialogue and can consult with them. The work of the coordinator with the teachers consists of the pedagogical and technical aspect that are intertwined and attest to each other’s existence.
Real-Life/Real-Time Elderly Fall Detection with a Triaxial Accelerometer
Authors: Sucerquia Angela , López Jose David , Vargas-Bonilla Francisco
Published: February 2018

The consequences of a fall on an elderly person can be reduced if the accident is attended by medical personnel within the first hour. Independent elderly people use to stay alone for long periods of time, being in more risk if they suffer a fall. The literature offers several approaches for detecting falls with embedded devices or smartphones using a triaxial accelerometer. Most of these approaches were not tested with the target population, or are not feasible to be implemented in real-life conditions. In this work, we propose a fall detection methodology based on a non-linear classification feature and a Kalman filter with a periodicity detector to reduce the false positive rate. This methodology requires a sampling rate of only 25 Hz; it does not require large computations or memory and it is robust among devices. We test our approach with the SisFall dataset achieving 99.4% of accuracy. Then, we validate it with a new round of simulated activities with young adults and an elderly person. Finally, we give the devices to three elderly persons for full-day validations. They continued with their normal life and the devices behaved as expected.
Hypoglycemic Effect of Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L) among Pre Diabetics in India: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Cross Over Study
Authors: Amirthaveni M. , Premakumari S. , Gomathi K. , Ray-yu-Yang ,
Published: February 2018

High prevalence of pre diabetes observed in many South Asian countries highlights a potential indicator of further progression of the diabetic epidemic in the region. Average expenditure related to diabetes per person in India is higher. Unless appropriate action is taken, this will place an economic burden, hence a food based approach was planned to reduce the incidence of pre diabetes. The main aim of the study was to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of bitter gourd (Mormordica charantia L.)among pre diabetics. A single blinded, placebo-controlled, randomized, cross-over designed intervention study was conducted with freeze dried bitter gourd powder (2.5 g) to find out its hypoglycemic effect. In the first phase Group 1 (AB) started the bitter gourd juice (A) intervention followed by placebo (B), while the Group 2 (BA) started the supplementation with placebo (B) followed by bitter gourd (A). The intervention continued for a period of eight weeks. Between the two arms, 4 weeks were left as wash-out period to minimize the carry-over effect of one phase to the other. Cross over was done after the washout period. The mean initial fasting blood glucose level of pre diabetics in AB group was 110.66 mg/dl which reduced significantly (p<0.01) to 99.86 mg/dl at the end of intervention. In case of BA group the placebo treatment did not bring any appreciable change in FBG where as the bitter gourd treatment was found to have a significant (p<0.01) impact. No serious adverse effects were observed. The present study proved that the consumption of bitter gourd juice prepared with 2.5 g freeze dried bitter gourd powder (50g of the vegetable) reduced the fasting blood glucose and total cholesterol level among the pre diabetics.
Nutritional Status among Pre-School Children of South Kashmir Himalayas - A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: A. Dar Rouf
Published: February 2018

Malnutrition has been a major concern in India. In spite of overall improvements in the availability of food, malnutrition especially in children is at an unacceptably high level as revealed by various national surveys. This is true to the state of Jammu and Kashmir as well. The present study was undertaken to assess the nutritional status of pre-school children of South Kashmir Himalayas. Four hundred children aged 0-5 years from 37 villages were studied for anthropometric signs of nutritional deficiencies. This was a community based, study that showed wide variation in level of nutritional status of boys and girls. The study revealed widespread prevalence of malnutrition is based on anthropometric measurements. Various indices of nutritional status were expressed in standard deviation units (z-scores) from the reference median. The study revealed a gloomy picture of malnutrition with wasting (21.04%) wasted, stunting (23.78%) and underweight (17.53%) among children underweight and (23.78%) stunted. Positive inputs to improve growth and to overcome body weight deficits are recommended. Preventive measures are needed to improve food security, strengthen supplementary feeding programmes and provision of adequate subsidized food through PDS is recommended to achieve better growth and development of children. Both ecological imbalances and etiological factor like unhygienic personal habits and adverse cultural practices relating to child rearing (early weaning) were prevalent among them. The study highlighted a need for an integrated approach towards improving the child health as well as nutritional status in this area.
Aloe Vera: The Miracle Plant and its Therapeutic Uses
Authors: Kaur Gurpreet
Published: February 2018

Aloe vera is a wonder plant with health benefits so myriad and astounding that hardly any part of human body remains uninfluenced by its healing touch. It acts as a natural fighter against all sorts of infection, an efficient anti oxidant, helps in treating all digestion related problems, heartburn, arthritis, stress, diabetes, rheumatism pain, asthma, cancer and AIDS. It also acts as a laxative, beauty enhancer and it has an effect on lowering blood sugar levels in diabetics. Aloe vera is the oldest medicinal plant ever known and the most applied medicinal plant worldwide. Extracts of Aloe vera is a proven skin healer. Aloe vera help to soothe skin injuries affected by burning, skin irritations, cuts and insect bites and its bactericidal properties relieve itching and skin swellings. Aloe is a powerful detoxifier, antiseptic and tonic for the nervous system. It also has immune-boosting and anti-viral properties. Aloe vera is a useful source of vitamins. Aloe vera gel contains a large range of vitamins - even vitamin B12, Vitamin A, contains B-Group vitamins, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and folic acid. Aloe vera gel contains important ingredients including 19 of the 20 amino acids needed by the human body and seven of the eight essential ones that just cannot be made. Commercially, aloe can be found in pills, sprays, ointments, lotions, liquids, drinks, jellies and creams, to name a few of the thousands of products available.
Analysis of Biscuits Enriched With Fibre by Incorporating Carrot and Beetroot Pomace Powder
Authors: Parveen Huma , Bajpai Anita , Bhatia Sunny , Singh Shalu
Published: February 2018

The study was undertaken with a view to explore the use of carrot pomace powder as well as beetroot pomace powder with whole wheat flour in the preparation of high fiber biscuits, to study its effect on the physico-chemical and sensory characteristics of biscuits. The Carrot Pomace Powder (CPP) and Beetroot Pomace Powder (BPP) were prepared through the process of convective dehydration and vacuum drying. All the data obtained were analyzed statistically to determine the level of significance of variation in observations caused by the changes in the biscuits formulations. The carrot pomace and beetroot pomace fortified biscuits contained greater amount of ash, crude fiber and moisture content than control biscuits but lower carbohydrate, protein, calorific value and pH. After fortification of fiber, product was found to be more acceptable in terms of physico-chemical and sensory characteristics.
Anthropometry and Twin Epidemic of Malnutrition among Urban Population of Varanasi
Authors: Singh Shikha , Shankar Ravi
Published: February 2018

As life expectancies increase the major causes of death shift to the chronic and non communicable diseases, Indian population is increasingly facing modern risks due to overweight and obesity and other diet-related factors. As a result, people are facing a growing burden from the modern risks to health, while still fighting an unfinished battle with the traditional risks that results in dual burden of risks and diseases. This study aims at estimating the prevalence of under nutrition and over nutrition based on anthropometric indices. A community based cross-sectional study with multi-stage sampling design was conducted among urban population of Varanasi aged 25-64 years living in the selected area. A pre designed and pre tested proforma was used to collect the basic characteristics of 640 study subjects. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference) were recorded by following standard procedures. WHO International and Asia pacific guidelines for BMI were used to define Chronic Energy Deficiency (CED), overweight and obesity. Waist circumference and WHR for identifying abdominal obesity were defined by Indian guidelines. Mean height and weight of male subjects (n=301) were 167.5 ± 7.5 cm and 66.8 ± 12.5 kg, respectively and height and weight of female subjects (n=339) were 153.5 ± 6.01 cm and 57.6 ± 10.2 kg, respectively. Mean BMI was higher among female (24.4 ± 3.92 kg/m2) than male subjects (23.8 ± 3.95 kg/m2). The prevalence of CED, overweight and obesity were 8.6, 22.8 and 38.3% respectively by Asian classification and 8.6, 29.1 and 9.3% respectively by Global classification. The prevalence of thinness was higher among males, whereas prevalence of overweight and obesity was higher among females. Prevalence of abdominal obesity was higher among females as compared to their male counterparts.
Approaches Undertaken for Betterment of Stability and Acceptability of Cooking Soybean Oil
Authors: Kumar Baral Prodip , Aqib Hossain Khan Md , Prince Mahmud Md , Sultana Sakina
Published: February 2018

In the present study storage conditions ensuring better stability of Soybean oil over a period of 180 days were investigated. The study was carried out on 12 samples (4x3) of three brands namely brand A, B and C. After periodic interval of time ‘acid value’ and ‘peroxide value’ for each sample were determined. The result showed that in every case, darkness decreased degradation in oil over the normal condition over the period of experiments. Results were expressed in terms of acid value and peroxide value. For example peroxide values for samples of brand A stored under normal condition and in the dark were 0.88 on first day where the value came up to 128.64 and 33.3 at the end of 180 days respectively. The trend remained the same for the samples of brand B and brand C. In this study an attempt was made to decrease autooxidation in oils when vitamin E was added (1 ml of 200IU d-α-tocopherol per 100 ml of oil). Samples with and without vitamin E were stored under normal condition and in the dark. Results were expressed in terms of peroxide values. Results failed to show a clear trend of decreasing auto oxidation at the end of 180 days irrespective of the nature of storing condition.