bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reward System Design and Group Creativity: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Chen Clara Xiaoling , Williamson Michael G. , Zhou Flora H.
Published: June 2012

In an environment where three-person groups develop a creative solution to an important problem, we examine whether the efficacy of either individual- or group-based creativity-contingent incentives depends on whether they take the piece-rate or tournament form. We predict and find that group (intergroup) tournament pay increases group cohesion and collaborative efforts, which ultimately lead to a more creative group solution, relative to group piece-rate pay. While individual (intragroup) tournament pay increases individual efforts, we find that it does not enhance the creativity of group solutions relative to individual piece-rate pay. Our results advance the burgeoning management accounting literature on creativity-contingent incentives by demonstrating that reward systems are more likely to promote group creativity through collaborative efforts rather than independent individual efforts. We also provide important insights into when and why tournament pay can boost group creativity in organizations. In doing so, we contribute to a better understanding of observations from practice suggesting that organizations valuing creativity often induce intergroup competition.

Data Availability: The experimental data are available upon request.
Interventions for accelerating orthodontic tooth movement
Authors: Long Hu , Pyakurel Ujjwal , Wang Yan , Liao Lina , Zhou Yang , Lai Wenli
Published: June 2012

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement.

Materials and Methods:

We searched the databases of PubMed, Embase, Science Citation Index, CENTRAL, and SIGLE from January 1990 to August 2011 for randomized or quasi-randomized controlled trials that assessed the effectiveness of interventions on accelerating orthodontic tooth movement. The processes of study search, selection, and quality assessment were conducted independently in duplicate by two review authors. Original outcome data, if possible, underwent statistical pooling by using Review Manager 5.

Results:

Through a predefined search strategy, we finally included nine eligible studies. Among them, five interventions were studied (ie, low-level laser therapy, corticotomy, electrical current, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and dentoalveolar or periodontal distraction). Six outcomes were evaluated in these studies (ie, accumulative moved distance or movement rate, time required to move tooth to its destination, anchorage loss, periodontal health, pulp vitality, and root resorption).

Conclusion:

Among the five interventions, corticotomy is effective and safe to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, low-level laser therapy was unable to accelerate orthodontic tooth movement, current evidence does not reveal whether electrical current and pulsed electromagnetic fields are effective in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement, and dentoalveolar or periodontal distraction is promising in accelerating orthodontic tooth movement but lacks convincing evidence.
Association Testing of Previously Reported Variants in a Large Case-Control Meta-analysis of Diabetic Nephropathy
Authors: Williams Winfred W. , Salem Rany M. , McKnight Amy Jayne , Sandholm Niina , Forsblom Carol , Taylor Andrew , Guiducci Candace , McAteer Jarred B. , McKay Gareth J. , Isakova Tamara , Brennan Eoin P. , Sadlier Denise M. , Palmer Cameron , Söderlund Jenny , Fagerholm Emma , Harjutsalo Valma , Lithovius Raija , Gordin Daniel , Hietala Kustaa , Kytö Janne , Parkkonen Maija , Rosengård-Bärlund Milla , Thorn Lena , Syreeni Anna , Tolonen Nina , Saraheimo Markku , Wadén Johan , Pitkäniemi Janne , Sarti Cinzia , Tuomilehto Jaakko , Tryggvason Karl , Österholm Anne-May , He Bing , Bain Steve , Martin Finian , Godson Catherine , Hirschhorn Joel N. , Maxwell Alexander P. , Groop Per-Henrik , Florez Jose C. ,   for the GENIE Consortium
Published: June 2012

We formed the GEnetics of Nephropathy–an International Effort (GENIE) consortium to examine previously reported genetic associations with diabetic nephropathy (DN) in type 1 diabetes. GENIE consists of 6,366 similarly ascertained participants of European ancestry with type 1 diabetes, with and without DN, from the All Ireland-Warren 3-Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes U.K. and Republic of Ireland (U.K.-R.O.I.) collection and the Finnish Diabetic Nephropathy Study (FinnDiane), combined with reanalyzed data from the Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes U.S. Study (U.S. GoKinD). We found little evidence for the association of the EPO promoter polymorphism, rs161740, with the combined phenotype of proliferative retinopathy and end-stage renal disease in U.K.-R.O.I. (odds ratio [OR] 1.14, P = 0.19) or FinnDiane (OR 1.06, P = 0.60). However, a fixed-effects meta-analysis that included the previously reported cohorts retained a genome-wide significant association with that phenotype (OR 1.31, P = 2 × 10−9). An expanded investigation of the ELMO1 locus and genetic regions reported to be associated with DN in the U.S. GoKinD yielded only nominal statistical significance for these loci. Finally, top candidates identified in a recent meta-analysis failed to reach genome-wide significance. In conclusion, we were unable to replicate most of the previously reported genetic associations for DN, and significance for the EPO promoter association was attenuated.
Administration of CD4+CD25highCD127− Regulatory T Cells Preserves β-Cell Function in Type 1 Diabetes in Children
Authors: Marek-Trzonkowska Natalia , Myśliwiec MaŁgorzata , Dobyszuk Anita , Grabowska Marcelina , Techmańska Ilona , Juścińska Jolanta , Wujtewicz Magdalena A. , Witkowski Piotr , Młynarski Wojciech , Balcerska Anna , Myśliwska Jolanta , Trzonkowski Piotr
Published: June 2012

OBJECTIVE

Type 1 diabetes is a condition in which pancreatic islets are destroyed by self-reactive T cells. The process is facilitated by deficits in the number and suppressive activity of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Here, we show for the first time that the infusion of autologous Tregs prolongs remission in recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes in children.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

We have administered Tregs in 10 type 1 diabetic children (aged 8–16 years) within 2 months since diagnosis. In total, 4 patients received 10 × 106 Tregs/kg body wt, and the remaining 6 patients received 20 × 106 Tregs/kg body wt. The preparation consisted of sorted autologous CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127− Tregs expanded under good manufacturing practice conditions.

RESULTS

No toxicity of the therapy was noted. A significant increase in the percentage of Tregs in the peripheral blood has been observed since the day of infusion. These patients were followed along with matched type 1 diabetic patients not treated with Tregs. Half a year after type 1 diabetes onset (4–5 months after Tregs infusion), 8 patients treated with Tregs still required <0.5 UI/kg body wt of insulin daily, with 2 patients out of insulin completely, whereas the remission was over in the nontreated group. In addition, plasma C-peptide levels were significantly higher in the treated group as compared with those not treated.

CONCLUSIONS

This study shows that the administration of Tregs is safe and tolerable in children with recent-onset type 1 diabetes.
Comparison of colostrum feeding by nipple bottle versus oroesophageal tubing in Holstein dairy bull calves
Authors: Chigerwe Munashe , Coons David M. , Hagey Jill V.
Published: June 2012

Objective—To compare the apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG and failure of passive transfer of immunity rates between calves fed colostrum by nipple bottle (NB) and oroesophageal tubing (OET).

Design—Randomized controlled study.

Animals—26 Holstein bull calves (age, 4 to 8 hours).

Procedures—Calves were randomly assigned to receive colostrum by either NB or OET. Pooled colostrum was used for feeding each group of calves. Calves received either a maximum of 4 L of colostrum fed through an NB over a period of 20 minutes or an equivalent volume of colostrum fed by OET. Subsequently, a pair of similarly aged calves received similar volumes of colostrum with similar immunoglobulin concentrations. Colostrum was fed only once. Thereafter, calves were fed 2 L of milk replacer every 12 hours. All calves survived to at least 48 hours of age. Serum samples were collected prior to feeding colostrum and at 48 hours of age for determination of serum immunoglobulin concentrations.

Results—There were no differences in failure of passive transfer of immunity rates and apparent efficiency of absorption of IgG between calves fed by NB or OET. Volume of colostrum fed was the only significant variable in determining failure of passive transfer of immunity in calves at 48 hours.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Reported advantages and disadvantages of either feeding method are likely to be of minimal practical relevance in achieving adequate passive transfer of immunity in calves when calves are fed a similar volume of colostrum with comparable immunoglobulin concentrations.
Use of a medetomidine-ketamine combination for anesthesia in captive common hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius)
Authors: Stalder Gabrielle L. , Petit Thierry , Horowitz Igal , Hermes Robert , Saragusty Joseph , Knauer Felix , Walzer Chris
Published: June 2012

Objective—To establish an anesthetic protocol suitable for surgical interventions in hippopotami (Hippopotamus amphibius).

Design—Prospective case series.

Animals—10 adult male hippopotami undergoing castration.

Procedures—A combination of medetomidine (60 to 80 µg/kg [27.3 to 36.4 µg/lb]) and ketamine (1 mg/kg [0.45 mg/lb]) was administered IM on the basis of mean estimated weights of 1,330 ± 333 kg (2,926 ± 733 lb; median, 1,350 kg [2,790 lb]; range, 900 to 2,000 kg [1,980 to 4,400 lb]). Monitoring included sequential blood gas analyses, pulse oximetry, and capnography. Reversal of anesthesia with atipamezole (0.34 ± 0.06 mg/kg [0.15 ± 0.027 mg/lb]; median, 0.33 mg/kg [0.15 mg/lb]; range, 300 to 500 mg total dose]) was uneventful and rapid in all cases.

Results—Complete immobilization and a surgical anesthetic plane were achieved 27 ± 11.8 minutes (median, 24.5 minutes [range, 14 to 44 minutes]) after initial injection. Anesthesia (97.3 ± 35.3 minutes; median, 95 minutes [range, 57 to 188 minutes]) was maintained with 3.4 ± 2.2 (median, 3) additional doses of ketamine (0.1 to 0.4 mg/kg [0.045 to 0.18 mg/lb]). Transitory apnea of 4.71 ± 2.87 minutes (median, 4 minutes [range, 1 to 9 minutes]) was documented in 5 animals. Apnea during anesthesia was viewed as a physiologic condition in this semiaquatic mammal because related vital parameters (heart rate, pH, peripheral hemoglobin oxygen saturation as measured by pulse oximetry, venous partial pressure of CO2, and lactate and HCO3 concentrations) remained unchanged and did not differ significantly than those parameters for the 5 animals with continuous respiration.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Both in captivity and in the wild, common hippopotami are difficult to anesthetize. The combination of medetomidine and ketamine provided an excellent surgical plane of anesthesia and a self-limiting dive response.
Evaluation of critical care blood analytes assessed with a point-of-care portable blood analyzer in wild and aquarium-housed elasmobranchs and the influence of phlebotomy site on results
Authors: Naples Lisa M. , Mylniczenko Natalie D. , Zachariah Trevor T. , Wilborn Rachel E. , Young Forrest A.
Published: June 2012

Objective—To establish reference ranges for critical care blood values measured in wild and aquarium-housed elasmobranchs by use of a point-of-care (POC) blood analyzer and to compare values on the basis of species category (pelagic, benthic, or intermediate) and phlebotomy site.

Design—Cross-sectional study.

Animals—66 wild and 89 aquarium-housed elasmobranchs (sharks and rays).

Procedures—Aquarium-housed elasmobranchs were anesthetized for sample collection; wild elasmobranchs were caught via hook and line fishing, manually restrained for sample collection, and released. Blood was collected from 2 sites/fish (dorsal sinus region and tail vasculature) and analyzed with the POC analyzer. Reference values of critical care blood analytes were calculated for species most represented in each population. Values were compared on the basis of species categorization (pelagic, intermediate, or benthic) and collection site.

Results—Oxygen saturation and circulating concentrations of lactate and glucose were significantly different among aquarium-housed pelagic, intermediate, and benthic species. Lactate concentration was significantly different among these categories in wild elasmobranchs. Significant differences were detected between samples from the 2 collection sites for all blood analytes. In both study populations, pH and lactate values were infrequently < 7.2 or > 5 mmol/L, respectively.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Brevity of handling or chemical restraint may have reduced secondary stress responses in fish because extreme variations in blood analyte values were infrequent. Sample collection site, species categorization, acclimation to handling, and restraint technique should be considered when assessing values obtained with the POC analyzer used in this study for blood analytes and immediate metabolic status in elasmobranchs.
Outcome following simultaneous bilateral thyroid lobectomy for treatment of thyroid gland carcinoma in dogs: 15 cases (1994–2010)
Authors: Tuohy Joanne L. , Worley Deanna R. , Withrow Stephen J.
Published: June 2012

Objective—To evaluate the outcome of resection of simultaneous discrete bilateral mobile thyroid gland carcinomas (TGCs) in dogs.

Design—Retrospective case series.

Animals—15 dogs with resected simultaneous discrete bilateral mobile TGCs.

Procedures—Medical records (from 1994 to 2010) were searched for dogs with the appropriate diagnosis and treatment. Information collected included signalment, clinical signs, diagnostic test results, tumor mobility (mobile tumor identified by movement ≥ 1 cm in all planes during palpation), complications, adjuvant treatments, and outcome.

Results—Mobile, discrete, bilateral TGCs were removed in all dogs. Among the 15 dogs, complete parathyroidectomies were necessary in 9; parathyroid tissue was reimplanted in 4 and preserved in 2. Complications included hemorrhage and laryngeal nerve trauma, but without serious consequences. Thirteen dogs received calcitriol with or without supplemental calcium after surgery. In the immediate postoperative period, hypocalcemia developed and was corrected in 11 dogs. At the end of the study, 7 dogs continued to receive calcitriol with or without supplemental calcium, and 8 dogs required long-term thyroid hormone treatment. Six dogs received adjuvant chemotherapy. Local tumor recurrence or de novo distant metastasis was not detected at each dog's last follow-up examination. Median survival time was 38.3 months. Three dogs were lost to follow-up, 8 survived (4.3 to 77 months after surgery), and 4 died of unrelated causes.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—In dogs with TGCs undergoing bilateral thyroid lobectomies, a successful outcome can be expected, even when parathyroid gland tissue cannot be preserved. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in treatment outcome was not clearly defined.
Dance as a Risk Factor for Injuries and Development of Occupational Diseases
Authors: Holcer Nataša , Pucarin-Cvetković Jasna , Mustajbegović Jadranka , Žuškin Eugenija
Published: June 2012

Ples kao čimbenik rizika za ozljede i razvoj profesionalnih bolesti

Ozljede i bolesti mogu znatno utjecati na stvaralačku sposobnost, kreativnost i dostignuća umjetnika. Povezanost uvjeta i načina rada s pojavom bolesti u umjetnika prepoznata je već u srednjem vijeku. Tjelesna zahtjevnost izvedbe, gdje se tijelo koristi kao instrument izražavanja, može uzrokovati ozljede i razvoj profesionalnih bolesti koje mogu dovesti do nemogućnosti umjetničke interpretacije na očekivanoj razini, prekinuti aktivnosti i onemogućiti nastavak profesionalne karijere. Plesači su jedna od skupina umjetnika-izvođača koji su izloženi specifičnim rizicima i kojima treba specifična zdravstvena zaštita, što nije moguće ostvariti bez poznavanja mehanizama nastajanja ozljeda i uvažavanja posebnosti potreba plesača. Mnogi plesači teže visokim umjetničkim i estetskim kriterijima izvedbe, pri čemu često protežu svoje tjelesne mogućnosti i izdržljivost i zanemaruju vlastita tjelesna ograničenja. Zdravstveni problemi plesača obuhvaćaju čitav niz ozljeda, profesionalnih bolesti i bolesti vezanih uz rad koji se kreću od stresa i straha od nastupa sve do poremećaja u prehrambenim navikama. Također obuhvaćaju ozljede mišićno-koštanoga sustava, sindrome prenaprezanja i trenažnoga preopterećenja koje može uzrokovati karakterističnu topološku pojavu boli, koja je često početak kroničnih zdravstvenih problema kod plesača. Navedeni zdravstveni problemi plesača sve su češće područje zanimanja liječnika različitih specijalizacija, unaprjeđenja i provođenja preventivnih programa, dijagnostičkih metoda i liječenja u tom djelu populacije.
Shift Work and Cancer: State of Science and Practical Consequences
Authors: Yong Mei , Nasterlack Michael
Published: June 2012

Shift Work and Cancer: State of Science and Practical Consequences

In 2007, an expert Working Group convened by the IARC Monographs Programme concluded that shift work that involves circadian disruption is probably carcinogenic to humans (Group 2A). We scrutinised the epidemiological basis for this conclusion, with a focus on, but not limited to, breast and prostate cancers. We further considered practical consequences for shift workers in our industry against the background of new findings.

We carried out a literature search including the epidemiological studies cited by IARC and newer available literature on shift work and cancer.

Since the IARC assessment, eleven new studies have emerged, ten of which have already been published, with inconclusive results. Heterogeneity of exposure metrics and study outcomes and emphasis on positive but non-significant results make it difficult to draw general conclusions. Also, several reviews and commentaries, which have been published meanwhile, came to equivocal results. Published evidence is widely seen as suggestive but inconclusive for an adverse association between night work and breast cancer, and limited and inconsistent for cancers at other sites and all cancers combined.

At this point in time it can not be ruled out that shift work including night work may increase the risk for some cancers in those who perform it. However, shift schedules can be organised in ways that minimise the associated health risks, and the risks may be further reduced through the implementation of structured and sustained health promotion programs specifically tailored to the needs of shift workers.
On the characteristic connection of gwistor space
Authors: Albuquerque Rui
Published: June 2012

We give a brief presentation of gwistor spaces, which is a new concept from G 2 geometry. Then we compute the characteristic torsion T c of the gwistor space of an oriented Riemannian 4-manifold with constant sectional curvature k and deduce the condition under which T c is ∇c-parallel; this allows for the classification of the G 2 structure with torsion and the characteristic holonomy according to known references. The case of an Einstein base manifold is envisaged.
Correlation between the structural pattern and the development of the hydrographic network in a portion of the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece)
Authors: Kamberis Evangelos , Bathrellos George , Kokinou Eleni , Skilodimou Hariklia
Published: June 2012

In the context of the present study the structural pattern in the Western Thessaly Basin (Greece) has been examined, based on structural data collected from the entire study area that were further correlated to the hydrographic network. The structural pattern of the area was revealed from tectonic analysis. Additionally, the topography, stratigraphy and sedimentology of the study area were taken into account. GIS techniques were used to map the spatial distribution of the geological and tectonic features on the topographic relief of the area.

The oldest structures are contractional in nature, deformed by normal faulting related to the extensional episodes initiated in Serravallian times. It is inferred that the orientation of the stress field in the area has changed several times: the N-S stress field which was dominant during Late Serravallian times changed to NW-SE (Messinian-Zanclian) up to E-W in Zanclian and subsequently to roughly NNW-SSE (in late Piacencian). The NE-SW stress that was dominant in Pleistocene became N-S in later times. In addition, some changes in orientation are also indicated for the transitional periods of the pre-mentioned extensional episodes, possibly related to local events, or as a block-related deformation. The development of the 7th order streams is probably related to the N-S extensional faulting initiated in Pliocene times, while the dominant direction of the 6th, 5th and 4th order streams is possibly connected with the presence of the NNE-SSW and NW-SE extensional faults. Finally, the lower order streams are probably related to the most recent E-W striking normal faults.
Urban Compression Patterns: Fractals and Non-Euclidean Geometries - Inventory and Prospect
Authors: Griffith Daniel , Arlinghaus Sandra
Published: June 2012

Urban Compression Patterns: Fractals and Non-Euclidean Geometries - Inventory and Prospect

Urban growth and fractality is a topic that opens an entrance for a range of radical ideas: from the theoretical to the practical, and back again. We begin with a brief inventory of related ideas from the past, and proceed to one specific application of fractals in the non-Euclidean geometry of Manhattan space. We initialize our discussion by inventorying selected existing knowledge about fractals and urban areas, and then presenting empirical evidence about the geometry of and movement in physical urban space.

Selected empirical analyses of minimum path distances between places in urban space indicate that its metric is best described by a general Minkowskian one whose parameters are between those for Manhattan and Euclidean space. Separate analyses relate these results to the fractal dimensions of the underlying physical spaces. One principal implication is that theoretical, as well as applied, ideas based upon fractals and the Manhattan distance metric should be illuminating in a variety of contexts. These specific analyses are the focus of this paper, leading a reader through analytical approaches to fractal metrics in Manhattan geometry. Consequently, they suggest metrics for evaluating urban network densities as these represent compression of human activity. Because geodesics are not unique in Manhattan geometry, that geometry offers a better fit to human activity than do Euclidean tools with their unique geodesic activities: human activity often moves along different paths to get from one place to another.

Real-world evidence motivates our specific application, although an interested reader may find the subsequent "prospect" section of value in suggesting a variety of future research topics that are currently in progress. Does "network science" embrace tools such as these for network compression as it might link to urban function and form? Stay tuned for forthcoming work in Geographical Analysis.
Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football
Authors: Fogel Curtis
Published: June 2012

Snow on the Gridiron: A Brief History of Canadian Football

Football is played throughout the far regions of the world. There is no other sport that brings so many people together locally, nationally, and internationally. Football is not, however, a unified sport with shared rules, customs and histories across time and space. In contrast, football is largely a different sport depending on where it is being played. This paper traces the development of Canadian football as a unique sport with strong similarities to and subtle differences from American football, as well as clear distinctions from forms of football played outside of North America.
Scaphoid Fracture: Functional Outcome Following Fixation with Herbert Screw
Authors: Parajuli N P , Shrestha D , Dhoju D , Shrestha R , Sharma V
Published: June 2012

Background Most scaphoid fractures though heal uneventfully with cast treatment, immobilization with cast is associated with complication like wrist stiffness. Open reduction and fixation with Herbert Screw though technically demanding procedure can yield excellent results and prevents complication like nonunions and loss of wrist function. Objectives To assess clinical outcome and radiological union of scaphoid fracture after operative management following Herbert screw fixation in patient attending Dhulikhel Hospital. Methods All scaphoid fracture, treated from Feb 2007 till Feb 2011, were retrospectively studied in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital. Fifteen patients with scaphoid fractures were treated with Herbert screw. Fourteen were males and one was female. Serial radiographs were taken to assess radiographic union and functional outcome was assessed using Modified Mayo wrist score. Results Out of 15 patients, 13 scaphoid had waist fractures and two had proximal pole factures. All scaphoid were treated with open reduction and Herbert screw fixation either by volar approach or by dorsal approach. All fractures maintained good alignment post operatively. Nine (60%) patients had excellent results with normal wrist range of motion, five (33.3%) patients had good results and one (6.7%) patient had poor outcome. In 14 (93.3%) patients good radiological union was seen at final follow up at six months time. Conclusion Fixation with Herbert screw for scaphoid fracture is an effective and convenient way of treatment with satisfactory functional outcome and less complication.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6342 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):267-73
A Case of Precocious Puberty in a Setting with Limited Resources
Authors: Paudel K P , Giri S , Shrestha P S , Shrestha L , Thapa S B , Shrestha M
Published: June 2012

Precocious puberty is a rare condition characterized by the development of secondary sexual characteristics before the median age for the sex. It is either gonadotropin dependent also called as central or gonadotropin independent also known as peripheral type. Hypothalamamic Hamartoma is a common cause of the central or precocious puberty due to organic brain lesion. Here we present a two year male who presented us with precocious puberty due to a hypothalamic Hamartoma.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v9i4.6353 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2011;9(4):315-7
Staging and Storying Blood from a Stone: A Performative Reflection in Three Acts
Authors: MacDonald Shauna M.
Published: June 2012

In this autoethnographic reflection, the author tells the story of Blood from a Stone: Mining Elemental Genealogies, a performance ethnography she staged in 2008 in Carbondale, Illinois. Arguing (as performers and I did implicitly during the production) for storytelling as a politically relevant local aesthetic form, the author narrates her own experiences of tension and possibility as a performance ethnographer researching and producing a show about Cape Breton coalmining culture. Tracing these experiences from beginning to end, the author frames her researcher/director journey as one of moving complexly through mimesis, poiesis, and kinesis. She argues by way of example that while performance ethnography is fraught with the tensions precipitated by nostalgia, authenticity, and the politics of location, these tensions are where its possibilities lie.
Archives, Heritage, Living History: Locating the Prince House through Performance (and) Ethnography
Authors: Young Bryanne
Published: June 2012

This study of desire, ephemera and convergence centres on the Prince House, a reconstituted historical site located within Heritage Park Historical Village in Calgary, Alberta.  Through a somatic interaction with the space, the author takes into account feeling, sensation and mise-en-sce`ne in effort to attend to the cultural traces that emerge when one attempts to inhabit history, asking: how do we relate to a particular site described as historical? Why do some histories continue to pull at us while others fall away; most of all, what is the force that makes a site like the Prince House “go?”  Focusing on our engagement with specific renderings of the past, the author comments on the instability of the story of present absence, arriving at a metaphysics at once both real and imagined, longed for and lost – a story of nostalgia and the body to which there is no ending.
Balzac Between Work and Play: Les Comédiens sans le savoir
Authors: Heathcote Owen
Published: June 2012

This article explores the interplay between work and play in one of Balzac's late works, Les Comédiens sans le savoir (1846). On the one hand, the characters in this text are all performers, whether in politics, art, law, finance, fashion or theatre. On the other hand, the characters’ performances are integral to their work, both in Parisian (in one case, provincial) society and at a particular moment of historial time – the July Monarchy. What is the effect of this overlap or this dichotomy between work and play? Does the emphasis on play undermine Balzac's realism or does it, by showing characters’ alienation from each other and from themselves, underpin the ‘vérité suffocante’ of La Comédie humaine? In addressing these questions, the article examines the moral, social, political and gender implications of Balzac's representation of la société du spectacle.
Rêver des voix égarées: L'utilisation de l'autobiographie onirique dans Écrire en Pays Dominé de Patrick Chamoiseau
Authors: Picanço Luciano
Published: June 2012

Prenant son point de départ dans un exposé introductif sur la fonction du choix autobiographique chez le Martiniquais Patrick Chamoiseau, cette analyse se concentre spécialement sur un épisode clé dans la structure du livre Écrire en pays dominé (1997), celui du rêve. Par le rêve, Chamoiseau arrive à ébaucher tout un répertoire d'identifications de l'imaginaire, tout un répertoire d'images spéculaires à travers lesquelles il peut traduire une vision commune de la vie de sa culture. Le rêve constitue dans cette autobiographie une espèce de métalangage qui permet à l’écrivain d'expliquer le processus collectif de créolisation et de construction de l'identité créole. Ainsi, tout en questionnant les raisons d’être de cet épisode, cette analyse met en évidence les objectifs accomplis par l'introduction de l'onirique dans le genre de l'autobiographie.
Double-Linear Approximation Algorithm to Achieve Maximum-Power-Point Tracking for Photovoltaic Arrays
Authors: Shen Chih-Lung , Tsai Cheng-Tao
Published: June 2012

In this paper, a double-linear approximation algorithm (DLAA) to achieve maximum-power-point tracking (MPPT) for photovoltaic (PV) arrays is proposed. The DLAA is based on the approximation that the maximum power point varies linearly with irradiation and temperature. With the DLAA, a maximum power point can be determined instantaneously. Moreover, complicated calculations and perturbations about an optimal point can be avoided. The paper also proposes a corresponding circuit to realize the DLAA. The configuration of the DLAA circuit is simple such that it is cost-effective and can be embedded into PV arrays easily. An example of implementation of a PV power supply system with the proposed MPPT is designed and the DLAA is compared with the perturb-and-observe method. Simulated and experimental results have demonstrated the feasibility of the PV power system and verified the advantages of the proposed DLAA.
An Overview of Two Years of Continuous Energy Optimization at the Velenje Coal Mine
Authors: Medved Milan , Ristovic Ivica , Roser Janez , Vulic Milivoj
Published: June 2012

The Velenje Coal Mine (VCM) is one of the largest and the most modern underground coal mines in Europe. Although the coal mining industry produces coal as an energy source, it is also uses a lot of energy for its own operation and support processes. At this time of volatile energy prices and more and more strict environmental emission requirements, optimizing energy consumption plays an important role in good business performance. To track the consumption of electricity, district heating, drinking water and compressed air at the VCM a detailed energy monitoring methodology was developed and established in July 2010. The essential element of the presented monitoring system is a software application named “Central System for Regulation of Energy” (CSRE). The purpose of the CSRE is to control energy processes from a distance, take measures for economical and efficient use of energy, as well as to assist in maintenance. Such monitoring allows extensive comparisons between different energy sources consumption and enables correct measures to be taken to reduce the difference between the target and actual consumption of energy in VCM. With established real-time monitoring system, it is possible to look at mining processes and see where energy is being used inefficiently.
Biodegradation Study of Microcrystalline Chitosan and Microcrystalline Chitosan/β-TCP Complex Composites
Authors: Pighinelli Luciano , Kucharska Magdalena , Wísniewska-Wrona Maria , Gruchała Bogdan , Brzoza-Malczewska Kinga
Published: June 2012

Bone repair or regeneration is a common and complicated clinical problem in orthopedic surgery. The importance of natural polymers, such as microcrystalline chitosan, and minerals such as HAp and β-TCP, has grown significantly over the last two decades due to their renewable and biodegradable source, increasing the knowledge and functionality of composites in technological and biomedical applications. This study compares the biodegradation process, bioactivity, structure, morphology, and mechanical properties of microcrystalline chitosan and microcrystalline chitosan/β-TCP complex; the latter according to the new method of preparation. The complex showed a homogeneous network structure with regular pores, good bioactivity, even after 60 days of conducting the hydrolytic and enzymatic degradation process, showing a bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity. The complex indicates that it could be used successfully as a base for implants and scaffolds production in orthopedic surgery.
Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Eucalyptus globulus Bark—A Promising Approach for Triterpenoid Production
Authors: Domingues Rui M. A. , Oliveira Eduardo L. G. , Freire Carmen S. R. , Couto Ricardo M. , Simões Pedro C. , Neto Carlos P. , Silvestre Armando J. D. , Silva Carlos M.
Published: June 2012

Eucalyptus bark contains significant amounts of triterpenoids with demonstrated bioactivity, namely triterpenic acids and their acetyl derivatives (ursolic, betulinic, oleanolic, betulonic, 3-acetylursolic, and 3-acetyloleanolic acids). In this work, the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) of Eucalyptus globulus deciduous bark was carried out with pure and modified carbon dioxide to recover this fraction, and the results were compared with those obtained by Soxhlet extraction with dichloromethane. The effects of pressure (100–200 bar), co-solvent (ethanol) content (0, 5 and 8% wt), and multistep operation were studied in order to evaluate the applicability of SFE for their selective and efficient production. The individual extraction curves of the main families of compounds were measured, and the extracts analyzed by GC-MS. Results pointed out the influence of pressure and the important role played by the co-solvent. Ethanol can be used with advantage, since its effect is more important than increasing pressure by several tens of bar. At 160 bar and 40 °C, the introduction of 8% (wt) of ethanol greatly improves the yield of triterpenoids more than threefold.
Proteomic Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid in a Fulminant Case of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Füvesi Judit , Hanrieder Jörg , Bencsik Krisztina , Rajda Cecilia , Kovács S. Krisztián , Kaizer László , Beniczky Sándor , Vécsei László , Bergquist Jonas
Published: June 2012

Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease, but in rare fulminant cases rapid progression may lead to death shortly after diagnosis. Currently there is no diagnostic test to predict disease course. The aim of this study was to identify potential biomarkers/proteins related to rapid progression. We present the case history of a 15-year-old male MS patient. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was taken at diagnosis and at the time of rapid progression leading to the patient’s death. Using isobaric tag labeling and nanoflow liquid chromatography in conjunction with matrix assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight tandem mass spectrometry we quantitatively analyzed the protein content of two CSF samples from the patient with fulminant MS as well as one relapsing-remitting (RR) MS patient and one control headache patient, whose CSF analysis was normal. Seventy-eight proteins were identified and seven proteins were found to be more abundant in both fulminant MS samples but not in the RR MS sample compared to the control. These proteins are involved in the immune response, blood coagulation, cell proliferation and cell adhesion. In conclusion, in this pilot study we were able to show differences in the CSF proteome of a rapidly progressing MS patient compared to a more typical clinical form of MS and a control subject.
Preparation of Porous Scaffolds from Silk Fibroin Extracted from the Silk Gland of Bombyx mori (B. mori)
Authors: Yang Mingying , Shuai Yajun , He Wen , Min Sijia , Zhu Liangjun
Published: June 2012

In order to use a simple and ecofriendly method to prepare porous silk scaffolds, aqueous silk fibroin solution (ASF) was extracted from silk gland of 7-day-old fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori (B. mori). SDS-page analysis indicated that the obtained fibroin had a molecular weight higher than 200 kDa. The fabrication of porous scaffolds from ASF was achieved by using the freeze-drying method. The pore of porous scaffolds is homogenous and tends to become smaller with an increase in the concentration of ASF. Conversely, the porosity is decreased. The porous scaffolds show impressive compressive strength which can be as high as 6.9 ± 0.4 MPa. Furthermore, ASF has high cell adhesion and growth activity. It also exhibits high ALP activity. This implies that porous scaffolds prepared from ASF have biocompatibility. Therefore, the porous scaffolds prepared in this study have potential application in tissue engineering due to the impressive compressive strength and biocompatibility.
Plasma Depolymerization of Chitosan in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide
Authors: Ma Fengming , Wang Zhenyu , Zhao Haitian , Tian Shuangqi
Published: June 2012

The depolymerization of chitosan by plasma in the presence of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) was investigated. The efficiency of the depolymerization was demonstrated by means of determination of viscosity-average molecular weight and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The structure of the depolymerized chitosan was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FT-IR), ultraviolet spectra (UV) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that chitosan can be effectively degradated by plasma in the presence of H2O2. The chemical structure of the depolymerized chitosan was not obviously modified. The combined plasma/H2O2 method is significantly efficient for scale-up manufacturing of low molecular weight chitosan.
Spatial Simulations in Systems Biology: From Molecules to Cells
Authors: Klann Michael , Koeppl Heinz
Published: June 2012

Cells are highly organized objects containing millions of molecules. Each biomolecule has a specific shape in order to interact with others in the complex machinery. Spatial dynamics emerge in this system on length and time scales which can not yet be modeled with full atomic detail. This review gives an overview of methods which can be used to simulate the complete cell at least with molecular detail, especially Brownian dynamics simulations. Such simulations require correct implementation of the diffusion-controlled reaction scheme occurring on this level. Implementations and applications of spatial simulations are presented, and finally it is discussed how the atomic level can be included for instance in multi-scale simulation methods.
Enzyme-Catalyzed Modifications of Polysaccharides and Poly(ethylene glycol)
Authors: Cheng H. N. , Gu Qu-Ming
Published: June 2012

Polysaccharides are used extensively in various industrial applications, such as food, adhesives, coatings, construction, paper, pharmaceuticals, and personal care. Many polysaccharide structures need to be modified in order to improve their end-use properties; this is mostly done through chemical reactions. In the past 20 years many enzyme-catalyzed modifications have been developed to supplement chemical derivatization methods. Typical reactions include enzymatic oxidation, ester formation, amidation, glycosylation, and molecular weight reduction. These reactions are reviewed in this paper, with emphasis placed on the work done by the authors. The polymers covered in this review include cellulosic derivatives, starch, guar, pectin, and poly(ethylene glycol).
The use of glycoinformatics in glycochemistry
Authors: Lütteke Thomas
Published: June 2012

Glycoinformatics is a small but growing branch of bioinformatics and chemoinformatics. Various resources are now available that can be of use to glycobiologists, but also to chemists who work on the synthesis or analysis of carbohydrates. This article gives an overview of existing glyco-specific databases and tools, with a focus on their application to glycochemistry: Databases can provide information on candidate glycan structures for synthesis, or on glyco-enzymes that can be used to synthesize carbohydrates. Statistical analyses of glycan databases help to plan glycan synthesis experiments. 3D-Structural data of protein–carbohydrate complexes are used in targeted drug design, and tools to support glycan structure analysis aid with quality control. Specific problems of glycoinformatics compared to bioinformatics for genomics or proteomics, especially concerning integration and long-term maintenance of the existing glycan databases, are also discussed.
Créativité du processus primaire
Authors: Rolland Jean-Claude
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le déclin du complexe d’Œdipe, pensé par Freud comme une nécessité naturelle, est pourtant source de vives souffrances. Le travail de la cure s’engage dans la suite du renoncement aux attachements premiers ; comme le travail du rêve, il permet une figuration des objets œdipiens intériorisés, qu’ils aient été refoulés ou introjectés. Dans les deux cas, l’interprétation – souvent sur un mode analogique – transforme l’objet, la parole venant relayer les images ou ouvrir un écart dans l’espace psychique, à l’opposé de l’enfouissement mélancolique. C’est ce versant créatif des processus inconscients qui est ici déployé.
Le procédé et la règle : l'association libre analytique
Authors: Donnet Jean-Luc
Published: June 2012

Résumé « L’association libre » reste inscrite au cœur de la méthode analytique, mais l’évolution des conceptions de la cure rend délicate l’évaluation de ses enjeux pratiques et métapsychologiques. Pour tenter de les préciser, l’auteur fait jouer une distinction entre « association libre » et « associativité » : la première résulte de l’utilisation volontaire, par un sujet conscient, d’un « procédé destiné à l’investigation de processus psychiques à peu près inaccessibles autrement  » (Freud) ; la seconde fait référence aux enchaînements associatifs, éventuellement involontaires, inconscients, qui, dans la situation cadrée, sous l’égide de la règle fondamentale, s’inscrivent dans le processus constitutif de la cure. En déployant diverses facettes de cette opposition, l’auteur montre comment l’objectivation d’un déterminisme inconscient visée par le procédé se trouve remise en cause par les implications de la règle : l’accouplement association libre-attention en égal suspens aboutissant au privilège méthodologique du couple transfert/contre-transfert.
L'effacement de soi, une forme spécifique de trouble narcissique
Authors: Widmer-Perrenoud May
Published: June 2012

Résumé L’auteure se penche sur les phénomènes cliniques de l’effacement de soi. Elle se centre sur les cas dans lesquels cette forme spécifique de trouble narcissique apparaît chez des patients présentant des fonctionnements psychiques hétérogènes à prédominance névrotique. Au cours du processus analytique, dans les cas favorables, ces troubles peuvent être rapportés à des traumatismes précoces plus ou moins bien cicatrisés et peuvent être répétés et élaborés dans la relation transféro-contre-transférentielle. Sur la base de quatre séquences d’une analyse, l’auteure examine différentes formes d’effacement de soi et comprend leur dynamique comme stratégies défensives contre les désirs pulsionnels dans la relation à un objet maternel caractérisé par des représentants exerçant une répression sur les affects et des représentants dépressifs. Le travail analytique met en évidence différents aspects techniques du traitement de ce trouble narcissique dont le but est d’analyser les enchevêtrements des analysants avec l’objet incorporé pour leur permettre de se libérer de leur captivité en lui et de se réapproprier subjectivement leur pulsionnalité.
Diplomatique et discours politiques. Une analyse lexicographique qualitative et quantitative des ordonnances de Philippe le Bon pour la Flandre (1419-1467)
Authors: Braekevelt Jonas , Dumolyn Jan
Published: June 2012

Résumé Le présent article veut considérer l’activité législative des ducs de Bourgogne de la maison de Valois comme le résultat d’une forme de communication politique entre le prince et ses sujets. En tant que tel, il traite le contenu des ordonnances ducales comme incorporant divers langages ou discours idéologiques, parfois même antagonistes. En focalisant la recherche sur des édits datant du règne de Philippe le Bon, qui formait l’apogée du pouvoir de l’« État bourguignon », cette contribution tâte l’évolution d’allocutions législatives plutôt « dialogiques », incorporant des notions populaires, vers un discours princier « hégémonique ». Ce sondage s’effectue grâce à l’utilisation d’un logiciel lexicographique (Hyperbase) , qui permet également l’identification de l’emploi dans les ordonnances ducales, dans des contextes politiques spécifiques, de diverses chaînes de signifiants propres au duc ou aux organes représentatives de ses sujets. Ainsi, la législation se révèle non seulement en tant qu’exécutante d’un politique princier ou le résultat de conflits politiques, mais aussi comme un champ de bataille idéologique évoluant.
Discomfort in e-Learning: Does it Impact Learners?
Authors: Ismail Issham , Syahid Adi , Nizuwan Azman
Published: June 2012

This study is designed to measure readiness among distance learner to embrace new technologies in their studies. This study involved 190 distance learner from the School of Distance Education, Universiti Sains Malaysia as a respondent and the data were collected by questionnaire that adapted from Parasuraman and Colby (2001) [1]. The study was carried out to see whether distance education learners are comfortable to study by using new technology. The results show that all respondent are comfortable and confidence enough to embrace new technology in their learning.
Effectiveness of AutoCAD 3D Software as a Learning Support Tool
Authors: Zakaria Fatariah , Abu ziden Azidah , Othman Ahmad nizam
Published: June 2012

The aim of this study is to test the effectiveness of AutoCAD 3D software in learning of Engineering Drawing to enhance students understanding. Data were collected from a sample of students from a secondary school in Sungai Petani, Kedah. The quasi experimental design was used to find the effectiveness of the software in improving studentâ??s achievement. The result from this study shows excellent increases in student achievement after using this software. These indicate the software can help school student visualization capability. This study suggests that teachers, school administrators and government to consider this software as learning tool in Malaysia school.