bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CD8+ CD226high T cells in liver metastases dictate the prognosis of colorectal cancer patients treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery
Authors: Viot Julien , Abdeljaoued Syrine , Vienot Angélique , Seffar Evan , Spehner Laurie , Bouard Adeline , Asgarov Kamal , Pallandre Jean-René , Renaude Elodie , Klajer Elodie , Molimard Chloé , Monnien Franck , Bibeau Frederic , Turco Celia , Heyd Bruno , Peixoto Paul , Hervouet Eric , Loyon Romain , Doussot Alexandre , Borg Christophe , Kroemer Marie
Published: January 2023

CD226 has been reported to participate in the rescue of CD8+ T cell dysfunction. In this study, we aimed to assess the prognostic value of CD226 in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) derived from colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastases treated with chemotherapy and radical surgery. TILs from 43 metastases were isolated and analyzed ex vivo using flow cytometry. CD155 and CD3 levels in the tumor microenvironment were assessed by immunohistochemistry. Exploration and validation of biological processes highlighted in this study were performed by bioinformatics analysis of bulk RNA-seq results for 28 CRC liver metastases pretreated with chemotherapy as well as public gene expression datasets. CD226 expression contributes to the definition of the immune context in CRC liver metastases and primary tumors. CD226 on CD8+ T cells was not specifically coexpressed with other immune checkpoints, such as PD1, TIGIT, and TIM3, in liver metastases. Multivariate Cox regression analysis revealed CD226 expression on CD8+ T cells to be an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.003), along with CD3 density at invasion margins (p = 0.003) and TIGIT expression on CD4+ T cells (p = 0.019). CD155 was not associated with the prognostic value of CD226. Gene expression analysis in a validation dataset confirmed the prognostic value of CD226 in CRC liver metastases but not in primary tumors. Downregulation of CD226 on CD8+ TILs in the liver microenvironment was restored by IL15 treatment. Overall, CD226 expression on liver metastasis-infiltrating CD8+ T cells selectively contributes to immune surveillance of CRC liver metastases and has prognostic value for patients undergoing radical surgery.
Reprogramming systemic and local immune function to empower immunotherapy against glioblastoma
Authors: Zhou Songlei , Huang Yukun , Chen Yu , Liu Yipu , Xie Laozhi , You Yang , Tong Shiqiang , Xu Jianpei , Jiang Gan , Song Qingxiang , Mei Ni , Ma Fenfen , Gao Xiaoling , Chen Hongzhuan , Chen Jun
Published: January 2023

The limited benefits of immunotherapy against glioblastoma (GBM) is closely related to the paucity of T cells in brain tumor bed. Both systemic and local immunosuppression contribute to the deficiency of tumor-infiltrating T cells. However, the current studies focus heavily on the local immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment but not on the co-existence of systemic immunosuppression. Here, we develop a nanostructure named Nano-reshaper to co-encapsulate lymphopenia alleviating agent cannabidiol and lymphocyte recruiting cytokine LIGHT. The results show that Nano-reshaper increases the number of systemic T cells and improves local T-cell recruitment condition, thus greatly increasing T-cell infiltration. When combined with immune checkpoint inhibitor, this therapeutic modality achieves 83.3% long-term survivors without recurrence in GBM models in male mice. Collectively, this work unveils that simultaneous reprogramming of systemic and local immune function is critical for T-cell based immunotherapy and provides a clinically translatable option for combating brain tumors.
Influence of circadian clocks on adaptive immunity and vaccination responses
Authors: Ince Louise Madeleine , Barnoud Coline , Lutes Lydia Kay , Pick Robert , Wang Chen , Sinturel Flore , Chen Chien-Sin , de Juan Alba , Weber Jasmin , Holtkamp Stephan J. , Hergenhan Sophia Martina , Geddes-McAlister Jennifer , Ebner Stefan , Fontannaz Paola , Meyer Benjamin , Vono Maria , Jemelin Stéphane , Dibner Charna , Siegrist Claire-Anne , Meissner Felix , Graw Frederik , Scheiermann Christoph
Published: January 2023

The adaptive immune response is under circadian control, yet, why adaptive immune reactions continue to exhibit circadian changes over long periods of time is unknown. Using a combination of experimental and mathematical modeling approaches, we show here that dendritic cells migrate from the skin to the draining lymph node in a time-of-day-dependent manner, which provides an enhanced likelihood for functional interactions with T cells. Rhythmic expression of TNF in the draining lymph node enhances BMAL1-controlled ICAM-1 expression in high endothelial venules, resulting in lymphocyte infiltration and lymph node expansion. Lymph node cellularity continues to be different for weeks after the initial time-of-day-dependent challenge, which governs the immune response to vaccinations directed against Hepatitis A virus as well as SARS-CoV-2. In this work, we present a mechanistic understanding of the time-of-day dependent development and maintenance of an adaptive immune response, providing a strategy for using time-of-day to optimize vaccination regimes.
FTO-dependent m6A modification of Plpp3 in circSCMH1-regulated vascular repair and functional recovery following stroke
Authors: Li Bin , Xi Wen , Bai Ying , Liu Xue , Zhang Yuan , Li Lu , Bian Liang , Liu Chenchen , Tang Ying , Shen Ling , Yang Li , Gu Xiaochun , Xie Jian , Zhou Zhongqiu , Wang Yu , Yu Xiaoyu , Wang Jianhong , Chao Jie , Han Bing , Yao Honghong
Published: January 2023

Vascular repair is considered a key restorative measure to improve long-term outcomes after ischemic stroke. N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in eukaryotic mRNAs, functionally mediates vascular repair. However, whether circular RNA SCMH1 (circSCMH1) promotes vascular repair by m6A methylation after stroke remains to be elucidated. Here, we identify the role of circSCMH1 in promoting vascular repair in peri-infarct cortex of male mice and male monkeys after photothrombotic (PT) stroke, and attenuating the ischemia-induced m6A methylation in peri-infarct cortex of male mice after PT stroke. Mechanically, circSCMH1 increased the translocation of ubiquitination-modified fat mass and obesity-associated protein (FTO) into nucleus of endothelial cells (ECs), leading to m6A demethylation of phospholipid phosphatase 3 (Plpp3) mRNA and subsequently the increase of Plpp3 expression in ECs. Our data demonstrate that circSCMH1 enhances vascular repair via FTO-regulated m6A methylation after stroke, providing insights into the mechanism of circSCMH1 in promoting stroke recovery.
Selective hydrogenation via precise hydrogen bond interactions on catalytic scaffolds
Authors: Shi Song , Yang Piaoping , Dun Chaochao , Zheng Weiqing , Urban Jeffrey J. , Vlachos Dionisios G.
Published: January 2023

Abstract

The active site environment in enzymes has been known to affect catalyst performance through weak interactions with a substrate, but precise synthetic control of enzyme inspired heterogeneous catalysts remains challenging. Here, we synthesize hyper-crosslinked porous polymer (HCPs) with solely -OH or -CH3 groups on the polymer scaffold to tune the environment of active sites. Reaction rate measurements, spectroscopic techniques, along with DFT calculations show that HCP-OH catalysts enhance the hydrogenation rate of H-acceptor substrates containing carbonyl groups whereas hydrophobic HCP- CH3 ones promote non-H bond substrate activation. The functional groups go beyond enhancing substrate adsorption to partially activate the C = O bond and tune the catalytic sites. They also expose selectivity control in the hydrogenation of multifunctional substrates through preferential substrate functional group adsorption. The proposed synthetic strategy opens a new class of porous polymers for selective catalysis.
Climate teleconnections modulate global burned area
Authors: Cardil Adrián , Rodrigues Marcos , Tapia Mario , Barbero Renaud , Ramírez Joaquin , Stoof Cathelijne R. , Silva Carlos Alberto , Mohan Midhun , de-Miguel Sergio
Published: January 2023

Climate teleconnections (CT) remotely influence weather conditions in many regions on Earth, entailing changes in primary drivers of fire activity such as vegetation biomass accumulation and moisture. We reveal significant relationships between the main global CTs and burned area that vary across and within continents and biomes according to both synchronous and lagged signals, and marked regional patterns. Overall, CTs modulate 52.9% of global burned area, the Tropical North Atlantic mode being the most relevant CT. Here, we summarized the CT-fire relationships into a set of six global CT domains that are discussed by continent, considering the underlying mechanisms relating weather patterns and vegetation types with burned area across the different world’s biomes. Our findings highlight the regional CT-fire relationships worldwide, aiming to further support fire management and policy-making.
Rapid metabolic reprogramming mediated by the AMP-activated protein kinase during the lytic cycle of Toxoplasma gondii
Authors: Li Yaqiong , Niu Zhipeng , Yang Jichao , Yang Xuke , Chen Yukun , Li Yingying , Liang Xiaohan , Zhang Jingwen , Fan Fuqiang , Wu Ping , Peng Chao , Shen Bang
Published: January 2023

The ubiquitous pathogen Toxoplasma gondii has a complex lifestyle with different metabolic activities at different stages that are intimately linked to the parasitic environments. Here we identified the eukaryotic regulator of cellular homeostasis AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in Toxoplasma and discovered its role in metabolic programming during parasite’s lytic cycle. The catalytic subunit AMPKα is quickly phosphorylated after the release of intracellular parasites to extracellular environments, driving energy-producing catabolism to power parasite motility and invasion into host cells. Once inside host cells, AMPKα phosphorylation is reduced to basal level to promote a balance between energy production and biomass synthesis, allowing robust parasite replication. AMPKγ depletion abolishes AMPKα phosphorylation and suppresses parasite growth, which can be partially rescued by overexpressing wildtype AMPKα but not the phosphorylation mutants. Thus, through the cyclic reprogramming by AMPK, the parasites’ metabolic needs at each stage are satisfied and the lytic cycle progresses robustly.
Regioselective protein oxidative cleavage enabled by enzyme-like recognition of an inorganic metal oxo cluster ligand
Authors: Abdelhameed Shorok A. M. , de Azambuja Francisco , Vasović Tamara , Savić Nada D. , Ćirković Veličković Tanja , Parac-Vogt Tatjana N.
Published: January 2023

Oxidative modifications of proteins are key to many applications in biotechnology. Metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions efficiently oxidize proteins but with low selectivity, and are highly dependent on the protein surface residues to direct the reaction. Herein, we demonstrate that discrete inorganic ligands such as polyoxometalates enable an efficient and selective protein oxidative cleavage. In the presence of ascorbate (1 mM), the Cu-substituted polyoxometalate K8[Cu2+(H2O)(α2-P2W17O61)], (CuIIWD, 0.05 mM) selectively cleave hen egg white lysozyme under physiological conditions (pH =7.5, 37 °C) producing only four bands in the gel electropherogram (12.7, 11, 10, and 5 kDa). Liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis reveals a regioselective cleavage in the vicinity of crystallographic CuIIWD/lysozyme interaction sites. Mechanistically, polyoxometalate is critical to position the Cu at the protein surface and limit the generation of oxidative species to the proximity of binding sites. Ultimately, this study outlines the potential of discrete, designable metal oxo clusters as catalysts for the selective modification of proteins through radical mechanisms under non-denaturing conditions.
A phosphoinositide hub connects CLE peptide signaling and polar auxin efflux regulation
Authors: Wang Qian , Aliaga Fandino A. Cecilia , Graeff Moritz , DeFalco Thomas A. , Zipfel Cyril , Hardtke Christian S.
Published: January 2023

Auxin efflux through plasma-membrane-integral PIN-FORMED (PIN) carriers is essential for plant tissue organization and tightly regulated. For instance, a molecular rheostat critically controls PIN-mediated auxin transport in developing protophloem sieve elements ofArabidopsisroots. Plasma-membrane-association of the rheostat proteins, BREVIS RADIX (BRX) and PROTEIN KINASE ASSOCIATED WITH BRX (PAX), is reinforced by interaction with PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL-4-PHOSPHATE-5-KINASE (PIP5K). Genetic evidence suggests that BRX dampens autocrine signaling of CLAVATA3/EMBRYO SURROUNDING REGION-RELATED 45 (CLE45) peptide via its receptor BARELY ANY MERISTEM 3 (BAM3). How excess CLE45-BAM3 signaling interferes with protophloem development and whether it does so directly or indirectly remains unclear. Here we show that rheostat polarity is independent of PIN polarity, but interdependent with PIP5K. Catalytically inactive PIP5K confers rheostat polarity without reinforcing its localization, revealing a possible PIP5K scaffolding function. Moreover, PIP5K and PAX cooperatively control local PIN abundance. We further find that CLE45-BAM3 signaling branches via RLCK-VII/PBS1-LIKE (PBL) cytoplasmic kinases to destabilize rheostat localization. Our data thus reveal antagonism between CLE45-BAM3-PBL signaling and PIP5K that converges on auxin efflux regulation through dynamic control of PAX polarity. Because second-sitebam3mutation suppresses root as well as shoot phenotypes ofpip5kmutants, CLE peptide signaling likely modulates phosphoinositide-dependent processes in various developmental contexts.
Mechanism of regulation of the Helicobacter pylori Cagβ ATPase by CagZ
Authors: Wu Xiuling , Zhao Yanhe , Zhang Hong , Yang Wendi , Yang Jinbo , Sun Lifang , Jiang Meiqin , Wang Qin , Wang Qianchao , Ye Xianren , Zhang Xuewu , Wu Yunkun
Published: January 2023

The transport of the CagA effector into gastric epithelial cells by the Cag Type IV secretion system (Cag T4SS) of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is critical for pathogenesis. CagA is recruited to Cag T4SS by the Cagβ ATPase. CagZ, a unique protein in H. pylori, regulates Cagβ-mediated CagA transport, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here we report the crystal structure of the cytosolic region of Cagβ, showing a typical ring-like hexameric assembly. The central channel of the ring is narrow, suggesting that CagA must unfold for transport through the channel. Our structure of CagZ in complex with the all-alpha domain (AAD) of Cagβ shows that CagZ adopts an overall U-shape and tightly embraces Cagβ. This binding mode of CagZ is incompatible with the formation of the Cagβ hexamer essential for the ATPase activity. CagZ therefore inhibits Cagβ by trapping it in the monomeric state. Based on these findings, we propose a refined model for the transport of CagA by Cagβ.
Rapid upwards spread of non-native plants in mountains across continents
Authors: Iseli Evelin , Chisholm Chelsea , Lenoir Jonathan , Haider Sylvia , Seipel Tim , Barros Agustina , Hargreaves Anna L. , Kardol Paul , Lembrechts Jonas J. , McDougall Keith , Rashid Irfan , Rumpf Sabine B. , Arévalo José Ramón , Cavieres Lohengrin , Daehler Curtis , Dar Pervaiz A. , Endress Bryan , Jakobs Gabi , Jiménez Alejandra , Küffer Christoph , Mihoc Maritza , Milbau Ann , Morgan John W. , Naylor Bridgett J. , Pauchard Aníbal , Ratier Backes Amanda , Reshi Zafar A. , Rew Lisa J. , Righetti Damiano , Shannon James M. , Valencia Graciela , Walsh Neville , Wright Genevieve T. , Alexander Jake M.
Published: January 2023

High-elevation ecosystems are among the few ecosystems worldwide that are not yet heavily invaded by non-native plants. This is expected to change as species expand their range limits upwards to fill their climatic niches and respond to ongoing anthropogenic disturbances. Yet, whether and how quickly these changes are happening has only been assessed in a few isolated cases. Starting in 2007, we conducted repeated surveys of non-native plant distributions along mountain roads in 11 regions from 5 continents. We show that over a 5- to 10-year period, the number of non-native species increased on average by approximately 16% per decade across regions. The direction and magnitude of upper range limit shifts depended on elevation across all regions. Supported by a null-model approach accounting for range changes expected by chance alone, we found greater than expected upward shifts at lower/mid elevations in at least seven regions. After accounting for elevation dependence, significant average upward shifts were detected in a further three regions (revealing evidence for upward shifts in 10 of 11 regions). Together, our results show that mountain environments are becoming increasingly exposed to biological invasions, emphasizing the need to monitor and prevent potential biosecurity issues emerging in high-elevation ecosystems.
An ethological analysis of close-contact inter-cat interactions determining if cats are playing, fighting, or something in between
Authors: Gajdoš-Kmecová N. , Peťková B. , Kottferová J. , Halls V. , Haddon C. , de Assis L. Santos , Mills D. S.
Published: January 2023

Intraspecific social interactions in domestic cats are often categorised as affiliative or agonistic. However, public or professional assessment of encounters can have difficulty distinguishing rough-and-tumble play from true agonism. One possible issue is the potential occurrence of elements of both, play and agonism, within inter-cat play, for example when one cat wants to terminate a bout of play but the other seeks to continue the interaction, which subsequently may provoke more overt agonistic behaviour. To test this hypothesis, we conducted behavioural observations of 105 unique dyadic interactions of domestic cats (N = 210) captured on videos collected from owners and YouTube. We assessed cats for the frequency and duration of six behavioural elements. The dataset was reduced using PCA with a varimax rotation and factor scores were used to classify the population using hierarchical cluster analysis. To validate the identified clusters, the average scores of the constituent factors were compared and the data on interactions were labelled by four cat behaviour experts as “playful”, “intermediate” or “agonistic”. In addition, to evaluate properties of expert-labelled categories we used linear discriminant analysis followed by an ordinal regression. The results showed considerable convergent validity in factor distributions between clusters and expert-labelled groups: reciprocal wrestling was most closely associated with a group of playfully interacting cats, while vocalisation and chasing were associated with the agonistic group. The intermediate group, while having characteristics of both, was more closely related to the playful group than the agonistic group, with prolonged exchanges of interactive behaviours being a predominant feature. Thus, our findings support the suggestion of there being an intermediate category between mutual social play and agonism. This might escalate into a fully agonistic encounter, but does not necessarily reflect a break down in their social relationship but rather a short-term disagreement in social priorities.
Transmission structured illumination microscopy with tunable frequency illumination using tilt mirror assembly
Authors: Samanta Krishnendu , Ahmad Azeem , Tinguely Jean-Claude , Ahluwalia Balpreet Singh , Joseph Joby
Published: January 2023

We present experimental demonstration of tilt-mirror assisted transmission structured illumination microscopy (tSIM) that offers a large field of view super resolution imaging. An assembly of custom-designed tilt-mirrors are employed as the illumination module where the sample is excited with the interference of two beams reflected from the opposite pair of mirror facets. Tunable frequency structured patterns are generated by changing the mirror-tilt angle and the hexagonal-symmetric arrangement is considered for the isotropic resolution in three orientations. Utilizing high numerical aperture (NA) objective in standard SIM provides super-resolution compromising with the field-of-view (FOV). Employing low NA (20X/0.4) objective lens detection, we experimentally demonstrate $$\sim$$
∼
(0.56 mm$$\times$$
×
0.35 mm) size single FOV image with $$\sim$$
∼
1.7- and $$\sim$$
∼
2.4-fold resolution improvement (exploiting various illumination by tuning tilt-mirrors) over the diffraction limit. The results are verified both for the fluorescent beads as well as biological samples. The tSIM geometry decouples the illumination and the collection light paths consequently enabling free change of the imaging objective lens without influencing the spatial frequency of the illumination pattern that are defined by the tilt-mirrors. The large and scalable FOV supported by tSIM will find usage for applications where scanning large areas are necessary as in pathology and applications where images must be correlated both in space and time.
Supplementation with okra combined or not with exercise training is able to protect the heart of animals with metabolic syndrome
Authors: Gomes Moisés Felipe Pereira , de Moura Elizabeth de Orleans Carvalho , Cardoso Naiara Magalhães , da Silva Graziele Aparecida , dos Santos Ana Carolina Cardoso , de Souza Fernanda Samantha , Estadella Débora , Lambertucci Rafael Herling , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Medeiros Alessandra
Published: January 2023

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a clinical manifestation strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, the main cause of death worldwide. In view of this scenario, many therapeutic proposals have appeared in order to optimize the treatment of individuals with MetS, including the practice of exercise training (ET) and the consumption of okra (O). The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of O consumption and/or ET in animals with MetS. In all, 32 male Zucker rats (fa/fa) at 10 weeks old were randomly distributed into four groups of 8 animals each: MetS, MetS+O, MetS+ET and MetS+ET+O, and 8 lean Zucker rats (fa/ +) comprised the control group. Okra was administered by orogastric gavage 2x/day (morning and night, 100 mg/kg), 5 days/week, for 6 weeks. The ET was performed on a treadmill 1x/day (afternoon), 5 days/week, 60 min/day, in an intensity of 70% of maximal capacity, for the same days of O treatment. It was found that, O consumption alone was able to promote improved insulin sensitivity (MetS 93.93 ± 8.54 mg/dL vs. MetS+O 69.95 ± 18.7 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.65, CI = 50.32 −89.58, triglyceride reduction (MetS 492.9 ± 97.8 mg/dL vs. MetS+O 334.9 ± 98.0 mg/dL, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.61, CI = 193.2–398.7). In addition, it promoted a reduction in systolic blood pressure (MetS 149.0 ± 9.3 mmHg vs. MetS+O 132.0 ± 11.4 mmHg, p ≤ 0.05, d = 1.63, CI = 120–140), prevented an increase in cardiac collagen (MetS 12.60 ± 2.08% vs. MetS+O 7.52 ± 0.77%, p ≤ 0.05, d = 3.24, CI = 6.56–8.49). When associated with ET, the results were similar. Thus, we conclude that O consumption combined or not with aerobic ET can have a protective effect on the cardiac tissue of rats with MetS.
Actigraphy-based sleep and activity measurements in intensive care unit patients randomized to ramelteon or placebo for delirium prevention
Authors: Jaiswal Stuti J. , Bagsic Samantha R. Spierling , Takata Emerson , Kamdar Biren B. , Ancoli-Israel Sonia , Owens Robert L.
Published: January 2023

Patients in the ICU often sleep poorly for various reasons, which may predispose to delirium. We previously conducted a clinical trial in which we tested the efficacy of ramelteon, a melatonin-receptor agonist used to treat insomnia, versus placebo, in preventing ICU delirium in patients who underwent elective pulmonary thromboendarterectomy (PTE) surgery. Here we examine sleep, activity, and circadian patterns, measured with actigraphy, to understand changes in these metrics with our intervention and in those with and without delirium. Participants wore wrist actigraphy devices while recovering post-operatively in the ICU. For sleep analysis, we extracted total sleep time and sleep fragmentation metrics over the 22:00 to 06:00 period nightly, and daytime nap duration from the daytime period (0:600 to 22:00) for each participant. For activity analyses, we extracted the following metrics: total daytime activity count (AC), maximum daytime AC, total nighttime AC, and maximum nighttime AC. Next, we performed a nonparametric circadian analysis on ACs over each 24-h day and extracted the following: interdaily stability (IS), intra-daily variability (IV), relative amplitude (RA), and low and high periods of activity (L5 and M10) as well as their start times. These metrics were compared between patients who received ramelteon versus placebo, and between patients who became delirious versus those who did not develop delirium. We additionally made comparisons between groups for daytime and nighttime light levels. No differences in sleep, activity, circadian metrics or light levels were found between drug groups. Delirious patients, when compared to those who were never delirious, had a lower IS (0.35 ± 0.16 vs. 0.47 ± 0.23; P = 0.006). Otherewise, no differences in IV, L5, M10, or RA were found between groups. L5 and M10 activity values increased significantly over the post-extubation for the whole cohort. No differences were found for daytime or nighttime light levels between groups. Overall, ramelteon did not impact sleep or circadian metrics in this cohort. Consistent with clinical experience, delirious patients had less inter-daily stability in their rest-activity rhythms. These data suggest that actigraphy might have value for individual assessment of sleep in the ICU, and for determining and detecting the impact of interventions directed at improving sleep and circadian activity rhythms in the ICU.

Trial registration: REGISTERED at CLINICALTRIALS.GOV: NCT02691013. Registered on February 24, 2016 by principal investigator, Dr. Robert L. Owens.
A comparative analysis of urban forests for storm-water management
Authors: Rahman Mohammad A. , Pawijit Yanin , Xu Chao , Moser-Reischl Astrid , Pretzsch Hans , Rötzer Thomas , Pauleit Stephan
Published: January 2023

Large-scale urban growth has modified the hydrological cycle of our cities, causing greater and faster runoff. Urban forests (UF), i.e. the stock of trees and shrubs, can substantially reduce runoff; still, how climate, tree functional types influence rainfall partitioning into uptake and runoff is mostly unknown. We analyzed 92 published studies to investigate: interception (I), transpiration (T), soil infiltration (IR) and the subsequent reduction in runoff. Trees showed the best runoff protection compared to other land uses. Within functional types, conifers provided better protection on an annual scale through higher I and T but broadleaved species provided better IR. Regarding tree traits, leaf area index (LAI) showed a positive influence for both I and T. For every unit of LAI increment, additional 5% rainfall partition through T (3%) and I (2%) can be predicted. Overall, runoff was significantly lower under mixed species stands. Increase of conifer stock to 30% in climate zones with significant winter precipitation and to 20% in areas of no dry season can reduce runoff to an additional 4%. The study presented an overview of UF potential to partition rainfall, which might help to select species and land uses in different climate zones for better storm-water management.
Optimization of wavy trapezoidal porous cavity containing mixture hybrid nanofluid (water/ethylene glycol Go–Al2O3) by response surface method
Authors: Alipour Navid , Jafari Bahram , Hosseinzadeh Kh.
Published: January 2023

Increasing thermal performance and preventing heat loss are very important in energy conversion systems, especially for new and complex products that exacerbate this need. Therefore, to solve this challenge, a trapezoidal cavity with a wavy top wall containing water/ethylene glycol GO–Al2O3 nanofluid is simulated using Galerkin finite element method. The effects of physical parameters affecting thermal performance and fluid flow, including porosity (ℇ), thermal radiation (Rd), magnetic field angle (α), Rayleigh number (Ra) and Hartmann number (Ha), are investigated in the determined ratios. The results of applied boundary conditions showed that the optimal values for Ra, Ha, ℇ, Rd and α are 1214.46, 2.86, 0.63, 0.24 and 59.35, respectively. Considering that changes in radiation have little effect on streamlines and isothermal lines. Optimization by RSM and Taguchi integration resulted in optimal Nu detection. It provided a correlation for the average Nu based on the investigated determinants due to the conflicting influence of the study factors, which finally calculated the highest average Nusselt number of 3.07. Therefore, the ideal design, which is the primary goal of this research, increases the thermal performance.
Deep learning system to predict the 5-year risk of high myopia using fundus imaging in children
Authors: Foo Li Lian , Lim Gilbert Yong San , Lanca Carla , Wong Chee Wai , Hoang Quan V. , Zhang Xiu Juan , Yam Jason C. , Schmetterer Leopold , Chia Audrey , Wong Tien Yin , Ting Daniel S. W. , Saw Seang-Mei , Ang Marcus
Published: January 2023

Our study aims to identify children at risk of developing high myopia for timely assessment and intervention, preventing myopia progression and complications in adulthood through the development of a deep learning system (DLS). Using a school-based cohort in Singapore comprising of 998 children (aged 6–12 years old), we train and perform primary validation of the DLS using 7456 baseline fundus images of 1878 eyes; with external validation using an independent test dataset of 821 baseline fundus images of 189 eyes together with clinical data (age, gender, race, parental myopia, and baseline spherical equivalent (SE)). We derive three distinct algorithms – image, clinical and mix (image + clinical) models to predict high myopia development (SE ≤ −6.00 diopter) during teenage years (5 years later, age 11–17). Model performance is evaluated using area under the receiver operating curve (AUC). Our image models (Primary dataset AUC 0.93–0.95; Test dataset 0.91–0.93), clinical models (Primary dataset AUC 0.90–0.97; Test dataset 0.93–0.94) and mixed (image + clinical) models (Primary dataset AUC 0.97; Test dataset 0.97–0.98) achieve clinically acceptable performance. The addition of 1 year SE progression variable has minimal impact on the DLS performance (clinical model AUC 0.98 versus 0.97 in primary dataset, 0.97 versus 0.94 in test dataset; mixed model AUC 0.99 versus 0.97 in primary dataset, 0.95 versus 0.98 in test dataset). Thus, our DLS allows prediction of the development of high myopia by teenage years amongst school-going children. This has potential utility as a clinical-decision support tool to identify “at-risk” children for early intervention.
A phenome-wide comparative analysis of genetic discordance between obesity and type 2 diabetes
Authors: Coral Daniel E. , Fernandez-Tajes Juan , Tsereteli Neli , Pomares-Millan Hugo , Fitipaldi Hugo , Mutie Pascal M. , Atabaki-Pasdar Naeimeh , Kalamajski Sebastian , Poveda Alaitz , Miller-Fleming Tyne W. , Zhong Xue , Giordano Giuseppe N. , Pearson Ewan R. , Cox Nancy J. , Franks Paul W.
Published: January 2023

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are causally related, yet there is considerable heterogeneity in the consequences of both conditions and the mechanisms of action are poorly defined. Here we show a genetic-driven approach defining two obesity profiles that convey highly concordant and discordant diabetogenic effects. We annotate and then compare association signals for these profiles across clinical and molecular phenotypic layers. Key differences are identified in a wide range of traits, including cardiovascular mortality, fat distribution, liver metabolism, blood pressure, specific lipid fractions and blood levels of proteins involved in extracellular matrix remodelling. We find marginal differences in abundance of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes bacteria in the gut. Instrumental analyses reveal prominent causal roles for waist-to-hip ratio, blood pressure and cholesterol content of high-density lipoprotein particles in the development of diabetes in obesity. We prioritize 17 genes from the discordant signature that convey protection against type 2 diabetes in obesity, which may represent logical targets for precision medicine approaches.
Comprehensive analysis of mutational signatures reveals distinct patterns and molecular processes across 27 pediatric cancers
Authors: Thatikonda Venu , Islam S. M. Ashiqul , Autry Robert J. , Jones Barbara C. , Gröbner Susanne N. , Warsow Gregor , Hutter Barbara , Huebschmann Daniel , Fröhling Stefan , Kool Marcel , Blattner-Johnson Mirjam , Jones David T. W. , Alexandrov Ludmil B. , Pfister Stefan M. , Jäger Natalie
Published: January 2023

Analysis of mutational signatures can reveal underlying molecular mechanisms of the processes that have imprinted the somatic mutations found in cancer genomes. Here, we analyze single base substitutions and small insertions and deletions in pediatric cancers encompassing 785 whole-genome sequenced tumors from 27 molecularly defined cancer subtypes. We identified only a small number of mutational signatures active in pediatric cancers, compared with previously analyzed adult cancers. Further, we report a significant difference in the proportion of pediatric tumors showing homologous recombination repair defect signatures compared with previous analyses. In pediatric leukemias, we identified an indel signature, not previously reported, characterized by long insertions in nonrepeat regions, affecting mainly intronic and intergenic regions, but also exons of known cancer genes. We provide a systematic overview of COSMIC v.3 mutational signatures active across pediatric cancers, which is highly relevant for understanding tumor biology and enabling future research in defining biomarkers of treatment response.
High-speed hybrid complementary ring oscillators based on solution-processed organic and amorphous metal oxide semiconductors
Authors: Wei Xiaozhu , Kumagai Shohei , Makita Tatsuyuki , Tsuzuku Kotaro , Yamamura Akifumi , Sasaki Mari , Watanabe Shun , Takeya Jun
Published: January 2023

Solution-processed single-crystal organic semiconductors (OSCs) and amorphous metal oxide semiconductors (MOSs) are promising for high-mobility p- and n-channel thin-film transistors (TFTs), respectively. Organic−inorganic hybrid complementary circuits hence have great potential to satisfy practical requirements. However, some chemical incompatibilities between OSCs and MOSs, such as heat and chemical resistance, make it difficult to rationally integrate TFTs based on solution-processed OSC and MOS onto the same substrates. Here, we report a rational integration method based on the solution-processed semiconductors by carefully managing the device configuration and the deposition and patterning techniques from a materials point of view. The balanced high performances as well as the uniform fabrication of the TFTs led to densely integrated five-stage ring oscillators with a short propagation delay of 1.3 µs per stage.
Ultrasensitive electrochemical platform for the p53 gene via molecular beacon-mediated circular strand displacement and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated signal amplification strategy
Authors: Wang Yali , Liu Shuai , Zhang Dongyou , Xiao Qi , Huang Shan
Published: January 2023

An ultrasensitive electrochemical platform for p53 gene via MB-mediated CSD and TdT-mediated signal amplification strategy with detection limit of 0.018 fM.
In situ titanium phosphate formation on a titanium implant as ultrahigh bonding with nano-hydroxyapatite coating for rapid osseointegration
Authors: Liao Ziming , Zhang Luyao , Lan Weiwei , Du Jingjing , Hu Yinchun , Wei Yan , Hang Ruiqiang , Chen Weiyi , Huang Di
Published: January 2023

There is an ultra-high bonding between the Ti phosphate/n-HA (TiP–Ca) composite coatings and Ti substrate. The TiP–Ca sample is more conducive to cell adhesion, promotes the expression of OCN, Runx2, and ALP, and exhibits better osseointegration.
Facile separation of cyclic aliphatic and aromatic vapors using crystalline thiacalixarene assemblies with preorganized channels
Authors: Yamada Manabu , Yoshizaki Ruka , Uemura Fumiya , Katagiri Hiroshi , Kato Sumio , Akimoto Kazuhiko , Hamada Fumio
Published: January 2023

Crystalline thiacalix[4]arene assemblies adsorb cyclic aliphatic vapors preferentially over aromatic vapors. High-purity aliphatics can be easily obtained from aliphatic/aromatic mixtures by exposing the crystals to air after vapor adsorption.
Fluorophore-based host–guest assembly complexes for imaging and therapy
Authors: Wu Qian , Lei Qian , Zhong Hai-Chen , Ren Tian-Bing , Sun Yao , Zhang Xiao-Bing , Yuan Lin
Published: January 2023

Supramolecular chemistry with its unique properties has received considerable attention in many fields. This paper summarizes recent advances in the supramolecular fluorescence systems based on host–guest interactions and their bio-applications.
Construction of cyclopenta[b]dihydronaphthofurans via TsOH-catalyzed consecutive biscyclization of dithioallylic alcohols and 1-styrylnaphthols
Authors: Li He-Ping , Wu Xiao-Ling , Zhan Gu , Fu Xue-Ju , Chen Jian-Hua , He Xiang-Hong , Han Bo
Published: January 2023

The efficient and catalytic biscyclization of dithioallylic alcohols with 1-styrylnaphthols under mild conditions was achieved, thus affording pharmaceutically important cyclopenta[b]dihydronaphthofurans.
Enhancing the durability of Au clusters in CO2photoreductionviaencapsulation in Cu-based metal–organic frameworks
Authors: Zhang Jun , Cui Xiaofeng , Zhou Yu , Kong Tingting , Wang Yixin , Wei Xianwen , Xiong Yujie
Published: January 2023

The encapsulation of Au25nanoclusters in Cu3(BTC)2metal–organic frameworks can achieve CO2photoreduction for selective CO production in a gas–solid reaction system with remarkably enhanced durability.
Significant anti-inflammatory aziridine-containing indole alkaloids from the Chinese medicinal plant Alstonia scholaris
Authors: Hu Bin-Yuan , Zhao Yun-Li , Zhou Zhong-Shun , Zhu Yan-Yan , Luo Xiao-Dong
Published: January 2023

Alstolactines D (1) and E (2), two unprecedented indole alkaloids with an aziridine scaffold, exhibited significant anti-inflammatory bioactivity.
Five-membered N-heterocyclic beryllium(i) compounds: fluctuating electronic structures with ambiphilic reactivity
Authors: Parambath Sneha , Narayanan S. J. Jishnu , Parameswaran Pattiyil
Published: January 2023

The aromatic five-membered N-heterocyclic beryllium compounds (NHBe), BeN2C2H4 and BeN2(CH3)2C2H2 having σ-hole at the beryllium centre show ambiphilic reactivity.
Differentiated oxidation modes of guanine between CpG and 5mCpG by a photoactivatable Pt(iv) anticancer prodrug
Authors: Ma Ziqi , Zhang Jishuai , Lin Jiafan , Li Wenbing , Wu Xiaoqin , Wang Fuyi , Zhao Yao , Wu Kui
Published: January 2023

Similar platination modes but differentiated oxidation modes of guanine were investigated between CpG and 5mCpG by using a photoactivatable diazido Pt(iv) anticancer complex upon light irradiation.
ortho-Phenylene-bridged phosphorus/silicon Lewis pairs
Authors: Wickemeyer Lucas , Schwabedissen Jan , Trapp Pia C. , Neumann Beate , Stammler Hans-Georg , Mitzel Norbert W.
Published: January 2023

Five 1,2-phenylene-bridged phosphorus/silicon Lewis pairs with differently substituted silyl moieties were examined for possible P–Si interactions by NMR and XRD as well as quantum-chemically by QTAIM, NBO and F-SAPT analysis.
Constructing “Li-rich Ni-rich” oxide cathodes for high-energy-density Li-ion batteries
Authors: Li Biao , Rousse Gwenaëlle , Zhang Leiting , Avdeev Maxim , Deschamps Michaël , Abakumov Artem M. , Tarascon Jean-Marie
Published: January 2023

A “Li-rich Ni-rich” cathode material design strategy was demonstrated by Li1+yNi(3−5y)/3Mo2y/3O2 as a proof of concept, showing an intergrowth of layered LiNiO2-rich and disordered Li4MoO5-rich phases with excellent cycling stability.
Nanocellulose-based composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage: status and challenges
Authors: Shen Zhenghui , Qin Mulin , Xiong Feng , Zou Ruqiang , Zhang Jin
Published: January 2023

Nanocellulose is a promising nanomaterial for energy applications due to its natural abundance, superb properties and sustainability. Here, nanocellulose-based composite phase change materials for thermal energy storage are comprehensively reviewed.
Kinetics of the nitrate-mediated photooxidation of monocarboxylic acids in the aqueous phase
Authors: Lyu Yuting , Chow Jany Ting Chun , Nah Theodora
Published: January 2023

This work highlights how the pH of the atmospheric aqueous phase can influence the degradation of carboxylic acids during nitrate-mediated photooxidation.
Milk exosomes: an oral drug delivery system with great application potential
Authors: Tian Meng-Yuan , Hao Dong-Xia , Liu Yang , He Jin , Zhao Zhuo-Hua , Guo Ting-Yu , Li Xing , Zhang Yuan
Published: January 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with the smallest diameter, usually divided into cellular sources and body fluid sources.
One-pot cellulose etherification and self-crosslinking via a mild hydroxyl–yne click reaction in a homogeneous system
Authors: Li Bowen , Xu Chaoqun , Yu Juan , Liu Liang , Zhang Xiaofang , Fan Yimin
Published: January 2023

The one-pot etherification and crosslinking of cellulose were successfully achieved by a hydroxyl–yne click reaction in a homogeneous system at room temperature.
High pressure initiated solvent and catalyst-free instant Paal–Knorr reactions
Authors: Xie Guoshu , Lazarev Alexander , Török Béla
Published: January 2023

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) has been found to be a highly efficient activation method in the catalyst- and solvent-free Paal–Knorr cyclization reaction.
Structural rationalization of GSPT1 and IKZF1 degradation by thalidomide molecular glue derivatives
Authors: Nowak Radosław P. , Che Jianwei , Ferrao Silas , Kong Nikki R. , Liu Hu , Zerfas Breanna L. , Jones Lyn H.
Published: January 2023

Ternary complex structural knowledge enabled elucidation of structure–degradation relationships that will assist the future design of cereblon modulators that avoid GSPT1 toxicity.
Template-directed 2D nanopatterning of S = 1/2 molecular spins
Authors: Noh Kyungju , Colazzo Luciano , Urdaniz Corina , Lee Jaehyun , Krylov Denis , Devi Parul , Doll Andrin , Heinrich Andreas J. , Wolf Christoph , Donati Fabio , Bae Yujeong
Published: January 2023

We demonstrate fabrication of a surface-supported array of VOPc with controlled spin-spin distance, electronic decoupling from the substrate, and individual addressability to realize molecular qubit platforms interfaceable to solid state devices.
Polypyrrole/carbon nanotube coated stainless steel mesh as a novel sorbent
Authors: Amiri Amirhassan , Baghayeri Mehdi , Shahabizadeh Maryam
Published: January 2023

PPy/CNT was electrochemically synthesized on stainless steel mesh for the extraction of PAHs prior to GC-FID.
Hole-transport materials based on the terthienyl core unit for efficient perovskite solar cells
Authors: Zhou Xiaowen , Ding Xingdong , Wang Haoxin , Miao Yawei , Chen Cheng , Zhai Mengde , Cheng Ming
Published: January 2023

Two TTP-core-based HTMs employing different terminal units and named THP-1 and THP-2 achieved distinct photovoltaic performances for PSCs.
Smartphone-assisted colorimetric determination of uranyl ions in aqueous solutions
Authors: Lei Yufei , Li Yujie , Liu Chen , He Liqiong , Li Qian , Liao Lifu , Xiao Xilin
Published: January 2023

The schematic of chromogenic reactions for the detection of UO22+.
Complementary early-phase magnetic particle imaging and late-phase positron emission tomography reporter imaging of mesenchymal stem cells in vivo
Authors: Shalaby Nourhan , Kelly John J. , Sehl Olivia C. , Gevaert Julia J. , Fox Matthew S. , Qi Qi , Foster Paula J. , Thiessen Jonathan D. , Hicks Justin W. , Scholl Timothy J. , Ronald John A.
Published: January 2023

This is the first use of combined MPI and PET for cell tracking and shows the complementary benefits of MPI for sensitive detection of MSCs early after implantation and PET for longer-term measurements of cell viability.
Environmental formaldehyde sensing at room temperature by smartphone-assisted and wearable plasmonic nanohybrids
Authors: Güntner Andreas T. , Schenk Florian M.
Published: January 2023

A wearable plasmonic sensor is presented that indicates traces of formaldehyde by visible color change. It is based on Ag/AgOx–TiO2 nanohybrids that undergo a redox reaction rendering lowest concentrations detectable with a smartphone camera.
Exciplex-induced TADF, persistent RTP and ML in a host–guest doping system
Authors: Wang Yunsheng , Gao Mingxue , Ren Jia , Liang Jiayi , Zhao Yao , Fang Manman , Yang Jie , Li Zhen
Published: January 2023

A universal exciplex platform was reported to construct multifunctional luminescent materials, including thermally-activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), persistent room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) and mechanoluminescence (ML).
Optical transitions and radiative properties of green emitting Ho3+:YVO4 phosphor
Authors: Singh Vijay , Seshadri M. , Taikar Deepak , Dhoble S. J. , Yadav R. S.
Published: January 2023

Ho3+-doped YVO4 phosphors were successfully prepared via a sol–gel process in which citric acid was used as a chelating agent.
Synthesis of hierarchically structured Fe3C/CNTs composites in a FeNC matrix for use as efficient ORR electrocatalysts
Authors: Wang Tanlun , Xu Lincheng , Sun Chenxiang , Li Xiyuan , Yan Yong , Li Fan
Published: January 2023

The synthesis of an FeNC catalyst with an Fe3C phase and the important active site was Fe(ii).
The deeper it goes, the brighter it glows: NIR emissive nitro-terrylene diimides with deep LUMOs
Authors: Mehra Kundan Singh , Jha Shivangee , Menon Anila M. , Chopra Deepak , Sankar Jeyaraman
Published: January 2023

A new low, with a glow: novel NIR-emitting, deep-LUMO (−5.0 eV) nitro-aromatic terrylene diimides are reported.
Hidden hydrophobicity impacts polymer immunogenicity
Authors: Yuan Zhefan , McMullen Patrick , Luozhong Sijin , Sarker Pranab , Tang Chenjue , Wei Tao , Jiang Shaoyi
Published: January 2023

The hidden hydrophobicity of conventional polymers widely considered as hydrophilic is closely related to their immunogenicity when they are conjugated to immunogenic proteins.
Is there a granular potential?
Authors: Gramlich Josh M. , Zarif Mahdi , Bowles Richard K.
Published: January 2023

As an analogue to the chemical potential, the granular potential provides insight into both the equilibration of mass and the entropic effects of adding a particle to a system in a simple model of granular matter.
Improved alkaline water electrolysis system for green energy: sulfonamide antibiotic-assisted anodic oxidation integrated with hydrogen generation
Authors: Zhang Qiwei , Tong Yuhang , Wang Zhuowen , Jing Baojian , Zhu Yingshi , Qiu Shan , Cui Chongwei , Deng Fengxia
Published: January 2023

We innovatively combined cathodic hydrogen generation with antibiotic wastewater treatment. The anodic SMX oxidation relies mainly on the in situ generation of Fe(vi) and direct oxidation on the electrode surface.
Core–shell defective TiO2 nanoparticles by femtosecond laser irradiation with enhanced photocatalytic performance
Authors: Bastug Azer Bersu , Gulsaran Ahmet , Pennings Joel R. , Karimi Reza , Ashrafi Belgabad Aydin , Xu Alexander H. , Zaidan Liena , Kocer Samed , Sanderson Joseph , Bajcsy Michal , Pope Michael A. , Yavuz Mustafa
Published: January 2023

Herein, the authors present a new defect formation mechanism related to the laser wavelength. Short pulse width lasers only modify the surface layer, resulting in core-shell defective TiO2. Unlike long pulse lasers, the bulk of particles remains unchanged.