bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathogenic Characteristics of a Porcine Astrovirus Strain Isolated in China
Authors: Fang Qingli , Wang Cui , Liu Huan , Wu Qingping , Liang Siying , Cen Minli , Dong Qinting , Wei Yingyi , Chen Ying , Ouyang Kang , Wei Zuzhang , Huang Weijian
Published: December 2019

Astroviral infection is considered to be one of the causes of mammalian diarrheal diseases. It has been shown that astrovirus infections cause varying degrees of diarrhea in turkeys and mice. However, the pathogenesis of porcine astrovirus is unknown. In this study, the virulence of a cytopathic porcine astrovirus (PAstV) strain (PAstV1-GX1) isolated from the PK-15 cell line was tested using seven-day-old nursing piglets. The results showed that PAstV1-GX1 infection could cause mild diarrhea, growth retardation, and damage of the villi of the small intestinal mucosa. However, all the above symptoms could be restored within 7 to 10days post inoculation (dpi). To evaluate the innate immunity response of PAstV in vivo, the alteration of inflammatory cytokine expression in piglets infected with PAstV1-GX1 was determined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The mRNA expression levels of the IFNβ and ISG54 were found to be significantly elevated in virus-infected piglets. In contrast, expression of IFNλ was downregulated in piglets infected with PAstV1-GX1. In addition, the mRNA expression of the tight junction protein 1 and 2 and zonula occludin 1, which are associated with the intestinal barrier permeability, were affected after PAstV1 infection. The present study adds to our understanding of the pathogenic mechanism of PAstV and has established an animal model for further study of pig astrovirus infection.
Optimization of Spring Wheat Irrigation Schedule in Shallow Groundwater Area of Jiefangzha Region in Hetao Irrigation District
Authors: Peng Zhigong , Zhang Baozhong , Cai Jiabing , Wei Zheng , Chen He , Liu Yu
Published: December 2019

Due to the large spatial variation of groundwater depth, it is very difficult to determine suitable irrigation schedules for crops in shallow groundwater area. A zoning optimization method of irrigation schedule is proposed here, which can solve the problem of the connection between suitable irrigation schedules and different groundwater depths in shallow groundwater areas. The main results include: (1) Taking the annual mean groundwater depth 2.5 m as the dividing line, the shallow groundwater areas were categorized into two irrigation schedule zones. (2) On the principle of maximizing the yield, the optimized irrigation schedule for spring wheat in each zone was obtained. When the groundwater depth was greater than 2.5 m, two rounds of irrigation were chosen at the tillering–shooting stage and the shooting–heading stage with the irrigation quota at 300 mm. When the groundwater depth was less than 2.5 m, two rounds of irrigation were chosen at the tillering–shooting stage, and one round at the shooting–heading stage, with the irrigation quota at 240 mm. The main water-saving effect of the optimized irrigation schedule is that the yield, the soil water use rate, and the water use productivity increased, while the irrigation amount and the ineffective seepage decreased.
REUTIVAR: Model for Precision Fertigation Scheduling for Olive Orchards Using Reclaimed Water
Authors: Alcaide Zaragoza Carmen , Fernández García Irene , González Perea Rafael , Camacho Poyato Emilio , Rodríguez Díaz Juan Antonio
Published: December 2019

Olive orchard is the most representative and iconic crop in Andalusia (Southern Spain). It is also considered one of the major economic activities of this region. However, due to its extensive growing area, olive orchard is also the most water-demanding crop in the Guadalquivir River Basin. In addition, its fertilization is commonly imprecise, which causes over-fertilization, especially nitrogen. This leads to pollution problems in both soil and water, threating the environment and the system sustainability. This concern is further exacerbated by the use of reclaimed water to irrigate since water is already a nutrient carrier. In this work, a model which determines the real-time irrigation and fertilization scheduling for olive orchard, applying treated wastewater, has been developed. The precision fertigation model considers weather information, both historical and forecast data, soil characteristics, hydraulic characteristics of the system, water allocation, tree nutrient status, and irrigation water quality. As a result, daily information about irrigation time and fertilizer quantity, considering the most susceptible crop stage, is provided. The proposed model showed that by using treated wastewater, additional fertilization was not required, leading to significant environmental benefits but also benefits in the total farm financial costs.
Low Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) and Satellite Remote Sensing Are Used to Calculated River Discharge Attenuation Coefficients of Ungauged Catchments in Arid Desert
Authors: Yang Shengtian , Wang Juan , Wang Pengfei , Gong Tongliang , Liu Huiping
Published: December 2019

The arid desert ecosystem is very fragile, and the change of its river discharge has a direct impact on irrigation and natural environment. River discharge attenuation coefficients is a key index to reveal the stability of desert river ecosystem. However, due to the harsh conditions in desert areas, it is difficult to establish a hydrological station to obtain data and calculate the attenuation coefficients, so it is urgent to develop new methods to master the attenuation coefficients of rivers. In this study, Taklamakan desert river was selected as the research area, and the river discharge of the desert river were estimated by combining low-altitude UAV and satellite remote sensing technology, so as to calculate the attenuation status of the river in its natural state. Combined with satellite remote sensing, the surface runoff in the desert reaches of the Hotan River from 1993 to 2017 were estimated. The results showed that the base of runoff attenuation in the lower reaches of the Hotan River is 40%. Coupled UAV and satellite remote sensing technology can provide technical support for the study of surface runoff in desert rivers within ungauged basins. Using UAV and satellite remote sensing can monitor surface runoff effectively providing important reference for river discharge monitoring in ungauged catchments.
Bridging the Data Gap in the Water Scarcity Footprint by Using Crop-Specific AWARE Factors
Authors: Boulay Anne-Marie , Lenoir Léo , Manzardo Alessandro
Published: December 2019

The assessment of the water scarcity footprint of products emerged as an important step in supporting water management strategies. Among others, the AWARE methodology was published as a consensus-based indicator to perform such an assessment at a watershed level and monthly scale. The need to adopt such a detailed resolution, however, collides with the availability of data, so that general year and country-wide factors are commonly used. The objective of this study is to develop and verify the applicability of 26 crop-specific water scarcity characterization factors to help assess the water scarcity footprint when data and information availability is limited. To do so, a weighted average consumption approach was adopted, starting from local AWARE characterization factors and local crop-specific water consumption. The resulting factors, ranging from 0.19 m3/ton eq for “other perennial crop” in Brunei to 9997 m3/ton eq for “other annual crop” in Mauritania, illustrate the large variability of potential water scarcity impacts. Factors were applied to the water consumption of selected crops to assess their water scarcity footprint. The results of the study confirmed that the use of crop-specific factors is recommended as they are a better proxy of water scarcity in a region when compared to their national generic counterparts.
Degradation of Micropollutants by UV–Chlorine Treatment in Reclaimed Water: pH Effects, Formation of Disinfectant Byproducts, and Toxicity Assay
Authors: Wang Chi , Ying Zhian , Ma Ming , Huo Mingxin , Yang Wu
Published: December 2019

The utilization of reclaimed water is a reliable and sustainable approach to enhance water supply in water-deficient cities. However, the presence of micro-organic pollutants (MPs) in reclaimed water has potential adverse effects on aquatic ecosystems and human health. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of 12 target MPs in the influent and reclaimed water collected from a local wastewater treatment plant, and the ultraviolet (UV)–chlorine process was applied to analyze its ability to remove MPs. The results showed that all 12 MPs were detected in both the influent and the reclaimed water, with the concentrations ranging from 25.5 to 238 ng/L and 8.6 to 42.5 ng/L, respectively. Over 52% of all the target MPs were readily degraded by the UV–chlorine process, and the removal efficiency was 7.7% to 64.2% higher than the corresponding removal efficiency by chlorination or UV irradiation only. The degradation efficiency increased with the increasing initial chlorine concentration. The pH value had a slight influence on the MP degradation and exhibited different trends for different MPs. The formation of known disinfectant byproducts (DBPs) during the UV–chlorine process was 33.8% to 68.4% of that in the chlorination process, but the DBPs’ formation potentials were 1.3 to 2.2 times higher. The toxicity assay indicated that UV–chlorine can effectively reduce the toxicity of reclaimed water.
Analisis Dampak Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit Terhadap Sosial Dan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kabupaten Asahan
Authors: Abdina Muhammad Fadly
Published: December 2019

Indonesia masih menempati posisi teratas sebagai negara produsen minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) terbesar dunia, dengan produksi sebesar 19,4 juta ton pada 2009. Berdasarkan total produksi tersebut diperkirakan hanya sekitar 25% sekitar 4,8 juta ton yang dikonsumsi oleh pasar domestik. Sehingga  sebagai penghasil CPO terbesar di dunia, Indonesia terus mengembangkan pasar ekspor baru untuk memasarkan produksinya.Pada sepuluh tahun terakhir luas areal perkebunan kelapa sawit di Sumatera Utara meningkat dari sekitar 650 ribu hektar tahun 2000 menjadi 1,05 juta hektar tahun 2009 (Ditjen Perkebunan 2010). Dengan luasan tersebut, Sumatera Utara memiliki luasan sekitar 14 % dari total luasan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia atau urutan kedua setelah Riau dan luas areal pada tahun 2009 dapat memproduksi CPO sebesar 3,18 juta ton atau sekitar 17 % dari total produksi CPO nasional.Peningkatan hasil produksi tanaman kelapa sawit yang terdapat di kabupaten Asahan, selayaknya dapat berbanding lurus dengan sinergitas  pembangunan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berlandaskan keberlanjutan. Pembangunan perkebunan kelapa sawit berkelanjutan (Sustainable) adalah pembangunan yang berdampak positif terhadap aspek sosial, ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat sekitar perkebunan, regional  dan  nasional.Analisis perbandinagn dampak dari perkembangan perkebunan kelapa sawit sebelum dan sesudah dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan analisis Uji t terhadap kontribusi usahatani sebelum dan sesudah berkembangnya perkebunan kelapa sawit. Hasil dari analisis Uji t terhadap kontribusi usahatani sebelum dan sesudah berkembangnya perkebunan kelapa sawit ialah :Sebelum Berkembangnya Perkebunan Kelapa sawit% pendapatan usahatani lain terhadap total  pendapatan  rumah tangga tani (karet, padi, ternak) sebesar 38 %Sesudah Berkembangnya Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit% pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga tani  62 %Pada penelitian ini diperoleh 62 % dari total pendapatan keluarga petani, sehingga dikatakan kontribusi perkebunan kelapa sawit besar sesuai dengan kriteria kontribusi 50-75 % (besar)
Perfil profissional das Enfermeiras dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial de uma capital do Nordeste, Brasil.
Authors: Silva John Victor dos Santos , Brandão Thyara Maia
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: descrever as características sobre formação e trabalho das enfermeiras de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial.

Método: Estudo descritivo, quantitativo, com 18 enfermeiras dos Centros de Atenção Psicossocial no Nordeste, Brasil. Foi aplicado questionário estruturado sobre a formação e o trabalho. A análise dos dados foi realizada por estatística descritiva.

Resultados: A população de estudo foi composta por mulheres, sendo a maioria natural de Maceió (55,6%), formadas há mais de cinco anos (83,3%), com especialização lato sensu (83%) e todas trabalhavam 30 horas semanais. Dentre as atividades realizadas, destacam-se: oficinas e grupos terapêuticos, projeto terapêutico singular, visitas domiciliares, atividades externas com os usuários, acolhimento, atendimento individual e familiar, consulta de enfermagem, administração de medicamentos, curativos, verificação dos sinais vitais, medidas antropométricas, entre outros.

Conclusão: O enfermeiro possui um papel importante nas atividades relacionadas ao processo de reabilitação psicossocial dos indivíduos em sofrimento mental, principalmente na coordenação das equipes de enfermagem.
Qualidade de vida no trabalho da equipe de Enfermagem intensivista em um hospital de ensino
Authors: De Mello Damião Garcia , Machado Thamires de Souza , Amorim Thais Vasconselos , De Almeida Érika Bicalho , Lima de Almeida Denise Bertolini
Published: December 2019

Objetivos: descrever a qualidade de vida no trabalho da Equipe de Enfermagem em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva. Método: estudo descritivo, transversal e quantitativo desenvolvido em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva adulta de hospital geral em Minas Gerais. Foram entrevistados 37 profissionais de Enfermagem com atuação mínima de seis meses, no período de fevereiro a março de 2018. Os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram o questionário sociodemográfico e o instrumento QWLQ-bref. Resultados: constatou-se que a qualidade de vida média no trabalho foi de 67,45%, considerando-se satisfatória. Os domínios com maior satisfação, quando comparados, foram o pessoal (72,13%) e o psicológico (70,05%). Conclusão: os resultados evidenciaram que a qualidade de vida no trabalho da equipe de Enfermagem é satisfatória, porém há aspectos a serem melhorados. Este estudo será de valia, pois auxiliará no conhecimento sobre a saúde de sua equipe, possibilitando criar estratégias de melhorias.
Corpo e Negacionismo:
Authors: Teixeira da Silva Francisco Carlos
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo dedica-se a examinar a emergência de uma “novilingua” – conforme o conceito de Victor Klemperer – ou um socioleto, a partir da sociolinguística, dos grupos sociais e políticos de Ultradireita no Brasil no tempo presente. Voltamo-nos para o discurso político de partidos como o PSL/Partido Social Liberal, movimentos sociais de extrema-direita, personagens e atores políticos que recusam a Democracia Representativa, a diversidade social e política, as instituições republicanas. Em especial aqueles que promovem discursos de ódio contra grupos sociais, raciais, regionais ou de gênero e recusam a história do passado recente, incluindo do Regime Civil-Militar de 1964. Para explicitar as relações entre os extremismos de Ultradireita históricos – os fascismos do século XX – e os contemporâneos recorremos aos exemplos históricos clássicos e contemporâneos, na Alemanha, Itália e Espanha.
Estruturas de poder e estratificação social no Brasil:
Authors: Felisberto Vasconcellos Gilberto
Published: December 2019

Este artigo tem por alvo incursionar na teoria política de Darcy Ribeiro para mostrar como aparece a estruturação social com a dinâmica política na história do Brasil. A análise da classe social aparece conectada à análise política, que é um dos tópicos fundamentais do marxismo.
Homenaje al INIBI en el cincuentenario de su creación (1967-2017)
Authors: Parada Alejandro E.
Published: December 2019

El viernes 6 de septiembre en las instalaciones del Instituto de Investigaciones Bibliotecológicas (INIBI) se presentó el libro de autoría colectiva Una polémica con historia. El debate Juarroz-Sabor sobre Bibliotecología y Documentación1. La obra constituye una edición especial con motivo de los 50 años del INIBI. Se reproducen las palabras del Secretario Académico del Instituto.
Antifreezing and Stretchable Organohydrogels as Soft Actuators
Authors: Jian Yukun , Wu Baoyi , Le Xiaoxia , Liang Yun , Zhang Yuchong , Zhang Dachuan , Zhang Ling , Lu Wei , Zhang Jiawei , Chen Tao
Published: December 2019

Inspired by the freezing tolerance performances found in living creatures, an effect approach is presented to develop novel antifreezing polymeric organohydrogel actuators. Through construction of a bilayer hydrogel including a nonresponsive polyacrylamide (PAAm) layer and a pH-responsive polyacrylic acid (PAA) layer in the presence of a mixed solvent of water and glycerol, organohydrogel actuators that could produce various shape deformations at subzero temperatures have been achieved, and the actuating speed could be tuned by adjusting the temperature and the ratio between glycerol and water. Moreover, a series of application demonstrations including a weightlifting robot, artificial valve, and robotic arm have been displayed. In addition, by introducing the ionic compound KI into the glycerol-based organogel, flexible conductors that could perform stable sensing performance over a wide range of temperatures from -30°C to 60°C have been developed.
Doğu Karadeniz’ de (Giresun-Artvin) 2009-2014 Yılları Arasında Su Ürünleri Avcılık İhlallerinin İncelenmesi
Authors: MAZLUM Rahşan Evren , Ayaz Ali
Published: December 2019

Bu çalışmada 2009-2014 yılları arasında Sahil Güvenlik Komutanlığının Giresun – Artvin arasında gerçekleştirilen su ürünleri
avcılık faaliyetlerinin kontrolleri sonucunda elde edilen veriler kullanarak su ürünleri yasaklarına yönelik ihlaller incelenmiştir. Giresun,
Trabzon, Rize, Artvin illerinde yapılan kontrollere bakıldığında ihlalin en yüksek olduğu ilin Trabzon, en düşük olduğu ilin ise Artvin olduğu
görülmüştür. Avcılık türleri bakımından gırgır ile yapılan ihlallerin diğer avcılık türlerine göre fazla olduğu belirlenmiştir (284). Kişilere
uygulanan idari para cezaları illere göre sırasıyla Trabzon (331 kişi), Giresun (192 kişi), Rize (127 kişi) ve Artvin (123 kişi) şeklindedir. Suçun
niteliği bakımından saha ihlallerinin en yüksek seviyede olduğu bunu sırasıyla belge, teknik usul ihlali, boy, zaman ihlallerinin takip ettiği
görülmüştür.
Fasulye gelişiminde, Rhizoctonia solani B227'nin biyotik stresine karşı Trichoderma harzianum ID11C'nin biyokontrol etkinliği
Authors: ALPAY KARAOĞLU Şengül , BOZDEVECİ Arif , PINARBAŞ Müberra , VEYİSOĞLU Gökhan , TARAKÇI Cemre
Published: December 2019

Çalışmada
çay toprağından izole edilen Trichoderma
harzianum ID11C suşunun bazı enzim aktivitesi, ağır metallere toleransı,
tohum (domates, mısır ve fasulye) çimlenmesi üzerine etkinliği ve fasulyede Rhizoctonia solani B227 (AG-4)'nin
biyotik stresine karşı biyokontrol aktivitesinin araştırılması amaçlandı. T. harzianum ID11C suşunun bazı enzim
aktiviteleri kromojenik yöntemle incelendi. Sonuçlar farklı konsantrasyonlarda ağır
metal (Cu, Pb, Zn ve Cd) ve tuz toleransı olduğunu gösterdi.T. harzianum ID11C Rhizoctonia solani B227(AG4) izolatının fasulye gelişimine karşın
patojenite testi ve T. harzianum ID11C
suşunun tohum çimlenme başarısına olan etkinliği, su agar metodu ile incelendi.
T. harzianum ID11C ve R. solani B227 varlığında fasulye
gelişim parametreleri saksı deneyi ile araştırıldı. Fizyolojik (ana kök ve
gövde uzunluğu, saçaklanma sayısı, yaprak sayısı, yaş ve kuru ağırlıkları)
parametreler ölçüldü ve istatistiksel analizleri yapıldı.Trichoderma harzianum ID11C suşu, yüksek
konsantrasyonlarda ağır metallere (100-400 mM) ve tuza (250 mM) karşı
toleranslıdır. Bitki gelişimini teşvik eden enzim aktivitelerinin var olduğu
gözlendi.   T. harzianum suşunun tohumların çimlenme başarısı üzerinde kontrole
kıyasla olumsuz bir etkisinin olmadığı tespit edildi. Saksı deneyinde, kontrol
ile R. solani B227 grupları birbirine
kıyaslandığında, gövde ve ana kök uzunluğu, saçaklanma sayısı ve kökte lezyon
skala değerleri ile yapılan istatistik analizi sonucu aralarında anlamlı farkın
(p< 0.05, Tukey) olduğu belirlendi. R.
solani B227 ve T. harzianum ID11D’nin
ayrı ayrı fasulye gelişimi üzerine olan etkileri,  kontrol grubuna göre iyi olmadığı belirlendi.
Ancak ID11C ve B227+ID11C grupları B227 grubu ile kıyaslandığında, patojenik
etkinliği azalttığı belirlendi.

R. solani B227 (AG4) izolatı, fasulyede
(Zulbiye) patojeniteye neden olduğu, T.
harzianum ID11C suşunun ise istatistiksel olarak olumlu yönde anlamlı bir
fark oluşturmamasına rağmen, tüm parametrelerde patojeniteyi azalttığı
belirlendi. T. harzianum ID11C
suşunun fasulye tarımında Rhizoctonia
solani’ye karşı biyokontrol ve bitki destekleyici ajan olarak
kullanılabileceği sonucuna varıldı.
Tipos de ceguera y alteraciones posturales en estudiantes con discapacidad visual
Authors: De la Torre-Castro Dina Azucena , Huarcaya-Huasasquiche Katia , Figueroa-Huamaní Yaneth Carolina , Peralta-Gonzales Sadith Milagros
Published: December 2019

Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre tipos de ceguera y alteraciones posturales en estudiantes con discapacidad visual de una institución educativa de Lima Norte, Perú. Materiales y métodos: Estudio correlacional de corte transversal, tuvo como muestra aleatoria a 96 estudiantes de ambos sexos, entre 8 y 50 años de edad. Se empleó como instrumentos el Posturograma, el cual midió alteraciones posturales como antepulsión de cabeza, hipercifosis e hiperlordosis; y el Índice de Hernández Corvo para determinar alteraciones en huella plantar, entre ellas, pie cavo y pie plano. Por otra parte, la variable tipos de ceguera fue extraída de la historia clínica institucional de cada individuo. Resultados: 72.9 % de la muestra evaluada eran varones, 41.7 % tenía ceguera total, 96.9 % presentaba antepulsión de cabeza, al relacionar tipos de ceguera y alteraciones posturales se obtuvieron valores de P mayores a 0.05. Conclusión: En la muestra evaluada no existe relación entre tipos de ceguera y alteraciones posturales.
PROVISION OF CENTRAL VENOUS ACCESS DURING ALLOGENEIC HAEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION
Authors: Spirin M. V. , Galstyan G. M. , Drokov M. Yu. , Kuzmina L. A. , Klyasova G. A. , Parovichnikova E. N. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. The transplantation of allogeneic haematopoietic stem cells (allo-HSCT) is impossible without a central venous catheter (CVC).

Aim. To determine an optimal approach to providing venous access during allo-HSCT.

Materials and methods. This prospective, non-randomised, single-centre study included 146 patients (70 men and 76 women, median age 37 years) who underwent the fi rst allo-HSCT. Prior to conditioning, one of the following CVCs was placed: Hickman or Leonard tunnelled double-lumen silicone catheters (BardAccessSystem); polyurethane non-tunnelled CVCs without (Certofi x Duo, B. Braun) or with an antibacterial coating (Certofi x Protect Duo, B. Braun). The following complications were recorded: early complications, mechanical complications, catheter-associated thrombosis (CAT), catheterrelated bloodstream infections (CRBSI), as well as catheter exit-site and tunnel infections.

Results. A total of 320 CVCs were placed (146 prior to allo-HSCT and 174 in the post-transplant period); 259 of the CVCs were non-tunnelled and 61 were tunnelled. Non-tunnelled CVCs were used for 1–123 days (median 22 days), whereas tunnelled CVCs were implanted for 9–621 days (median 146 days). The use of non-tunnelled CVCs was associated with 2.7 % (1.0/1000 catheter days) of mechanical complications and 9 % of CAT (1.4 / 1000 catheter days). The use of tunnelled CVCs was associated with the following complications: accidental removal — 1 (1.6 %), catheter rupture — 4 (6.5 %), CAT — 5 (8.2 %) patients (0.3 / 1000 catheter days); 18 (29.5 %) patients exhibited catheter obstruction, with CVC function being restored in 14 (77.7 %) patients, whereas in 4 (22.3 %) patients the CVC was removed. The incidence of CRBSI associated with non-tunnelled and tunnelled CVCs was 4.4 and 1.5 per 1000 catheter days, respectively. The study revealed no significant differences in the probability of developing CRBSI between non-tunnelled CVCs with and without antibacterial coating (p = 0.298), as well as between non-tunnelled and tunnelled CVCs in the fi rst 28 days after the catheter placement (p = 0.424). The risk of developing CRBSI when using tunnelled CVCs increased after 150 days of use.

Conclusion. Allo-HSCT can be performed using any CVC type. Our study revealed no advantages in employing nontunnelled CVCs with an antibacterial coating compared to those having no coating. Tunnelled CVCs (as opposed to nontunnelled ones) provide the opportunity to employ a single catheter throughout the entire transplantation and post-transplant period. It should be noted that tunnelled CVCs should not be used for more than 150 days, since prolonged use of such CVCs significantly increases the risk of infection.

Conflict of interest: the authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financial disclosure: the study had no sponsorship.
HIGH-DOSE CHEMOTHERAPY FOR PRIMARY DIFFUSE LARGE B-CELL LYMPHOMA OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. INTERIM RESULTS OF THE CNS-2015 PROTOCOL
Authors: Zvonkov E. E. , Koroleva D. A. , Gabeeva N. G. , Gavrilina O. A. , Fedorova S. Yu. , Gubkin A. V. , Kovrigina A. M. , Yatsyk G. A. , Klyasova G. A. , Savenko T. A. , Savchenko V. G.
Published: December 2019

Introduction. Induction chemotherapy (CT) for primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) of the central nervous system (CNS) is based on the use of methotrexate in high doses. An optimal consolidation strategy involves high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (auto-HSCT). The most effective conditioning regimen comprises a combination of chemotherapy agents including thiotepa.

Aim. To present the authors’ experience of applying auto-HSCT/TBC in patients with primary DLBCL of the CNS.

Methods. The prospective study CNS-2015 was carried out among 20 patients aged 20–52 years (median 42 years old) from 2015 to 2019. The male/female ratio came to 13/7. The somatic status of 17 (85 %) patients was 0–1 on the ECOG scale. Only 3 (15 %) patients showed the somatic status of 4 points. According to the criteria of the MSKCC prognostic system, 18 (90 %) and 2 (10 %) patients were assigned to the low-risk and medium-risk groups, respectively.

Results. All patients included in the study received 3–5 cycles of chemotherapy with high doses of methotrexate, vincristine, procarbazine and rituximab (R-MPV), as well as underwent auto-HSCT following TBC-based conditioning regimen (thiotepa, busulfan, cyclophosphamide). Prior to auto-HSCT, 15 and 5 out of 20 patients having completed induction chemotherapy achieved complete remission and partial remission, respectively. Following auto-HSCT, complete remission was achieved in 5 patients with an initial partial response to treatment. All patients underwent temozolomide maintenance therapy for 2 years. With a median follow-up of 17 (1–46) months, 18 patients are alive and in remission. Two patients, who relapsed 4 and 5 months after auto-HSCT and achieved no response to the second line of chemotherapy and radiation therapy, died 24 and 26 months after auto-HSCT.

Conclusion. R-MPV is an effective treatment for patients with primary DLBCL of CNS, which is not accompanied by severe toxicity. The use of high-dose chemotherapy with TBC allows a high remission rate to be achieved. The mortality associated with treatment in the group of patients included in the study came to 0 %.
Kształcenie wychowawczyń przedszkoli w Prywatnym Seminarium dla Wychowawczyń Przedszkoli Marii Papiewskiej w Lublinie (1918 -1939)
Authors: Hajkowska Monika
Published: December 2019

Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie zagadnienia kształcenia w Prywatnym Seminarium dla Wychowawczyń Przedszkoli Marii Papiewskiej w Lublinie (1918-1939). W artykule podjęto w szczególności próbę analizy programu kształcenia zakładu w oparciu o materiały archiwalne, między innymi protokoły egzaminacyjne. Ze względu na charakter źródeł i specyfikę badań posłużono się metodami charakterystycznymi dla nauk historycznych. Wywód składa się z trzech części. W pierwszej przedstawiono biografię założycielki zakładu, Marii Papiewskiej. Druga część to rys działalności seminarium, w tym również założenia organizacyjne, kryteria przyjęć, charakterystyka uczennic. W części trzeciej omówiony został program nauczania. Seminarium było jedynym zakładem kształcenia wychowawczyń w Lublinie działającym do wybuchu II wojny światowej. Mimo tego, że kandydatki pochodziły z różnych środowisk i  niektóre legitymowały się świadectwami ukończenia zaledwie pięciu klas szkoły powszechnej nie szczędzono wysiłków w celu uzyskania przez nie jak najwyższych kwalifikacji. Problem przygotowania nauczycieli przedszkoli wydaje się ponadczasowy. Niezmienne pozostają miłość do pracy z dziećmi oraz negacja rutyny i schematu.
Penggunakan Metode Kooperatif Learning pada Materi ASEAN IPS Sekolah Dasar untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar
Authors: Sandiar Loecita , Narsih Dwi
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this Classroom Action Research (CAR) was carried out with the aim to find out the increase in social studies learning achievements of ASEAN material through the application of cooperative learning methods to class VI SDN Jatiasih Bekasi students in 2018/2019. This Classroom Action Research was carried out by applying the Jigsaw type cooperative learning model in order improve the quality of the learning process and is a concept of learning activities that help teachers in carrying out mathematics learning activities on fractions taught by trying to maximize the active role of students, especially the knowledge they have and how they are applied in everyday life. With this concept, learning outcomes are expected to be more meaningful for students. The learning process takes place naturally in the form of activities students work and experience, not transfer knowledge from teacher to student. The quality of learning is more important than learning outcomes. Classroom Action Research (CAR) is carried out in stages 2 cycles, and the results of the actions taken have been proven to be able to improve student learning outcomes / achievements in terms of classical student mastery learning in the first cycle of 53%, could increase to 74.5% in the second cycle and in terms of the average value of the evaluation results of 74.5 in the second cycle of 79.2, this means there is an increase of 22%. From the results of this class action research also showed an increase in the level of student learning activities from 3 categories Active Enough in the first cycle to 3.5 Active categories, Active categories in the second cycle to 3.8 categories Very Active means there was an increase of 28.5%.
Stiffness Enhancement of a Superconducting Magnetic Bearing Using Shaped YBCO Bulks
Authors: Storey James , Szmigiel Mathieu , Robinson Fergus , Wimbush Stuart C. , Badcock Rod
Published: December 2019

High-speed superconducting motors and generators
stand to benefit from superconductor magnetic levitation bearings if their stiffness characteristics can be improved. Here we investigate a novel thrust bearing geometry, comprising a conical frustum shaped permanent magnet and matching superconducting toroid and puck assembly, aimed at producing high stiffness coupled with high levitation force. To this end, we have constructed a bearing test rig enabling measurements of the levitation force and stiffness of the assembly of YBa2Cu3O7-d melt-textured bulks and Nd2Fe14B permanent magnet at temperatures down to 47 K. The experimental results are supported by finite element modeling that is validated against the experiment, and used to quantify the advantages of this configuration over a conventional cylindrical magnet and HTS puck arrangement.
For axial displacements, the assembly produces higher and more consistent stiffness together with stronger restoring forces. For lateral displacements, the assembly produces up to double the lateral force and up to four times the stiffness. Our study also shows that the force contribution to the assembly from the small inner puck is negligible and it can therefore be eliminated from the bearing design.
REPRESENTASI PESANTREN DAN KESALAHAN BERBAHASA DALAM NOVEL “CIUMAN TERAKHIR AYAH” KARYA: MAUFIQURRAHMAN SURAHMAN
Authors: Kadarisman Kadarisman
Published: December 2019

The novel is one type of prose literary work in which there are building elements such as plot, character, setting, and of course language. As part of literature, novels also have their own genre. Indonesian literature continues to evolve in accordance with the demands and development of the times, and in accordance with the situation and conditions in the community of writers and readers.

In the novel Ciuman Terakhir, the work of Maufiqurrahman Surahman will be found in a portrait of the world of pesantren which is very thick. This indicates that the sociology of the author is very influential in constructing a literary work. This can be seen in the way the author chooses diction, plot, builds character, and creates a certain atmosphere in the novel.

On the other hand, there are still some language errors in the novel The Last Kiss of the Father. Therefore understanding of linguistic rules is very important, because literary works use language as a medium of liaison between authors and readers.
РОЗРОБКА ЦУКЕРОК МАРЦИПАН НА ОСНОВІ АРАХІСОВОЇ ПАСТИ ТА ПАСТИ З ЦИКОРІЮ
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: December 2019

Мета. Розробка цукерок марципан з заміною головного компонента горіха мигдалюна арахісову пасту та використання пастоподібного екстракту цикорію з метоюрозширення асортименту кондитерських виробів збагачених біологічно активнимикомпонентами та надання їм нових смакоароматичних властивостей.Методика. При дослідженнях використовували передбачені діючими державнимистандартами методи органолептичного оцінювання, сенсорна характеристика, методпрофілю флейвору, дескриптори, профілограмму, які дозволяють встановити якісніхарактеристики розроблених цукерок марципан, зокрема органолептичні властивості.Результати. Наведено результати сенсорного аналізу розроблених цукерокмарципан на основі арахісової пасти, з частковою заміною цукрового сиропупастоподібним екстрактом цикорію. Показано доцільність його використання длявиявлення дескрипторів органолептичних властивостей цукерок. Запропоновановикористання кавової оболонки та шоколадної глазурі.Наукова новизна. Розроблено технологію виготовлення цукерок марципан на основіарахісовій пасти. Встановлено, що використання пастоподібного екстракту цикоріюдозволить не тільки знизити енергетичне навантаження готових цукерок але й надастьїм фізіологічно-функціональних властивостей.Практична значимість. Доведено доцільність використання кавової оболонки ташоколадної глазурі з метою надання смакоароматичних властивостей. Проведеноорганолептичне оцінювання цукерок марципан на основі методом профілю флейвору.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ПРИРОДНИХ НАПОВНЮВАЧІВ ДЛЯ ФЕНОЛ-ФОРМАЛЬДЕГІДНИХ КОМПОЗЦІЙНИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: December 2019

Мета. Визначення хімічного складу та змочуваності нових природних наповнювачівна основі волокон льону олійного й встановлення впливу хімічного складу наповнювачів нафізичні властивості фенол-формальдегідних композиційних матеріалів.Методика. При дослідженні використовували передбачені діючими державнимистандартами методи, які дозволять вивчити фізико-хімічні властивості природнихнаповнювачів з лубу льону олійного. Адгезійні властивості наповнювачів характеризуютьсяпоказником змочування.Результати. Встановлено, що луб після механічного оброблення після повногоочищення від деревини не придатний для армування композиційних матеріалів через високугідрофобність і низький вміст целюлози, його змочуваність дорівнює 5,0-6,3 г, а вмістцелюлози становить всього 49,73 %.На основі аналізу анатомічної будови поперечних зрізів стебел соломи льону олійноговстановлені причини низької змочуваності волокон лубу і відсутності адгезії їх дополімерної матриці, які полягають у наявності на поверхні волокон кутинів –високомолекулярних кислот і жирів, стійких до дії сильних кислот і лугів, які надаютьволокнам лубу значної гідрофобності.Експериментально підтверджено, що для одержання з лубу волокон льону олійного,придатних для армування композиційних матеріалів зі значенням змочуваності - 120 г і вмістом целюлози 95-98 %, необхідне хімічне оброблення лубу за спеціальними хімічнимскладом, режимами і параметрами варіння.В результаті хімічного оброблення отримано волокно зі змочуваністю 104,9-122,8 г івмістом α-целюлози 90,01-98,68 %, яке пройшло апробацію на ООО «ТД ПластмасПрилуки», з нього отримані експериментальні зразки фенопластів, які повністюзадовольняють вимоги ТУ У 25.2-32512498-001-2004 «Маса пресована фенольна».Наукова новизна. Встановлено вплив хімічного складу та анатомічної будовинаповнювачів на адгезійну здатність й фізичні властивості фенопластів.Практична значимість. Одержані природні наповнювачі з волокон льону олійногоможуть використовуватись для виготовлення композиційних матеріалів різногопризначення. Встановлено вплив механічних і фізичних технологічних операцій наможливість цілеспрямованого регулювання експлуатаційних властивостей фенопластів.
ОЦІНКА ЯКОСТІ ТА ВАРТОСТІ ДОРОГОЦІННОГО КАМІННЯ
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: December 2019

Мета. Дослідження основних засад щодо формування спеціальних протоколівпро якість та вартість дорогоцінного каміння на ринку України, а також побудоваматематичної моделі для опису реляції «якість-вартість» при здійсненні операційпрогнозування їх вартості.Методика. Для прогнозування вартості дорогоцінного каміння буловикористано стандартні методи регресійного аналізу.Результати. Представлено результати аналізу розподілу питомих вартіснихпоказників на дорогоцінні камені на ринку України. Виділено три товарознавчі групиякості для дорогоцінних каменів: камені задовільної якості, камені середньої якості,камені високої якості. Запропоновано універсальний індекс для оцінки якості дорогоціннихкаменів, оснований на розрахунку кількості позитивної інформації про них. Критерії дляопису якості в термінах кількості позитивної інформації представлені в спеціальномупротоколі. Запропоновано визначати прогнозовану вартість дорогоцінних каменів зурахуванням фінансових можливостей потенційних покупців. Представлено прикладивизначення якості і прогнозування вартості дорогоцінних каменів на основізапропонованого алгоритму.Наукова новизна. Виділено три товарознавчі групи дорогоцінних каменів заякісними характеристиками та встановлено залежності між їх прогнозованоювартістю і порядком вартості.Практична значимість. Розроблено спрощений підхід до обліку якісниххарактеристик каменів, методику визначення прогнозованої вартості дорогоціннихкаменів, яка дає можливість обчислення прогнозних показників вартості на дорогоціннікамені з урахуванням двох факторів – аналізу ринку та врахування особливостей розподілупоказників рівнів фінансових можливостей потенційних покупців.
ПОРІВНЯННЯ РІЗНОВИДІВ ДОБАВОК ДЛЯ БЕТОНУ ТА ЇХ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ У ТОНКОСТІННИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЯХ ПОКРИТТЯ
Authors: Editor Editor
Published: December 2019

Мета. Проаналізувати існуючі види хімічно активних та механічних добавок, що сьогодні представлені на ринку будівельних матеріалів України. Охарактеризувати їх недоліки та переваги. Особливу увагу приділити матеріалам, що збільшують міцність бетонів, у тому числі сталевим фібрам, що значно підвищують деформативність та тріщиностійкість тонкостінних конструкцій покриття у формі гіперболічного параболоїда. Методика. Під час проведення дослідження використовувались передбачені діючими державними стандартами методи, які дозволяють визначити механічні властивості залізобетонних та сталефібробетонних оболонок для тонкостінних покриттів у формі гіперболічного параболоїда. Результати. Встановлено, що сьогодні на ринку будівельних матеріалів України представлена значна кількість різноманітних хімічно активних добавок, пластифікаторів, пігментів для забарвлення, деактиваторів, сповільнювачів та прискорювачів для бетонної суміші, протиморозних добавок. Під час проведення досліджень встановлено, що при введені в бетон сталевих фібр, значно збільшується його жорсткість, що в свою чергу призводить до підвищення деформативності від дії навантажень та тріщиностійкості сталефібробетону, як матеріалу. Відповідно, тонкостінні оболонки покриттів зі сталефібробетону у формі гіперболічного параболоїда мають кращі фізико-механічні характеристики в порівнянні з аналогічними оболонками з класичних бетонів. Тому термін їх експлуатації значно підвищується. Наукова новизна. Встановлено вплив сталевої фібри на тріщиностійкість, деформативність та несучу здатність тонкостінних оболонкових покриттів у формі гіперболічного параболоїда. Практична значимість. Розроблена конструкція тонкостінної оболонки покриття у формі гіперболічного параболоїда, що виготовлена зі сталефібробетону, може використовуватися під час проектування та будівництва великопролітних об’єктів з меншими затратами матеріалів і коштів.
Suiker Unie perspective on reducing odour emissions in the wash water-circuits of sugar factories
Authors: Grootscholten Tim I.M. , Gulden Peter , van Haute Volker , Raap Johan F.M.
Published: December 2019

Due to more strict environmental legislations (on either European, national or local level), reducing odour emissions becomes a necessity. An important source of odour emissions from sugar factories is the wash water circuit. In this circuit, high loads of carbohydrates and/or proteins to the soil settling ponds can be converted by micro-organisms in malodorous components resulting in odour emissions. As complete avoidance of these loads is considered to be economically unattractive, it was invested in knowledge to tackle these odour emissions with an integrated perspective to find alternative solutions. In this paper, Suiker Unie presents its derived perspective on tackling odour emissions from the wash washing circuit. The integrated solutions in Suiker Unie’s perspective are sufficiently cost-effective to be considered as an alternative for other perspectives.
Authenticity of sugar – Identification of plant source and determination of geographical origin of sucrose
Authors: Degenhardt Andreas G.
Published: December 2019

The isotope ratios of water, organic matter and micronutrients from food are dependent on the circumstances and sites of their origin and production. Analytical methods, based on mass spectrometry, are established for routine determination of isotopes. Differentiation between metabolic pathways of C3 and C4 plants is realizable by determination 13C/12C ratios which can distinguish and identify sucrose from pure beet (Beta vulgaris) and pure cane (Saccharum officinarum). Influenced by the worldwide hydrological cycle the isotope ratios of 2H/1H and 18O/16O vary systematically, the variations give information about geographical origin. The exemplarily determination of authenticity is demonstrated by using mass spectrometric isotope ratio evaluation for identification of plant source and geographical origin with the help of selected sugar samples with known origin.
Color transfer into sucrose crystallized from blended beet and cane syrups
Authors: Schlumbach Karl , Scharfe Maria , Flöter Eckhard
Published: December 2019

Following the changes in legislation the situation for sugar production in Europe is going to change in the near future. Due to market liberalization the option to co-process raw materials from beet and cane origin becomes more attractive. To this end the crystallization of sugar from blended syrups was studied with particular emphasis on the color inclusion. Evaporation crystallization was performed for various blended syrups and the feed syrups and resulting sugar were characterized in detail. The crystallization is performed at practically constant supersaturation followed by centrifugation and drying. It is found that the colorants from the different origin mutually suppress their inclusion or adhesion. For the industrial raw materials based system it is indicated that color values of less than 30 IU can be achieved with levels of up to 40% of cane material. Based on the experimental finding a simple relation to predict the color of sugars crystallized from blended syrups is formulated. The input data to the model are the color values of both the two pure feed syrups mixed and their respective sugars.
Effect of the Manure Levels , Depth and Method of Applying Using Ditch Opener and Manure Laying Machine on Some of Soil Physical Properties
Authors: Aday Shaker H. , Abdulkareem Mohammed A. , Muhsin Sadiq J.
Published: December 2019

A field experiment was carried out in silty loam soil at Agricultural research station, College of Agriculture during the corn growing season of 2015. The aim of study was to determine the effect of manure (cattle residues) levels (0, 20 and 40 ton ha-1), the depth of manure application (10, 20 and 30 cm), and the method ofmanure application (mixing with soil and subsoil laying) on soil bulk density and soil water content. The manure was added at certain treatments by using a ditch opener and manure laying machine which was designed and manufactured in the Agriculture Machines and Equipment Department, College of Agriculture, University of Basrah in 2015. The field was plowed perpendicularly, and the treatments were arranged in RCBD with split-split plot design with three replicated using drip irrigation system. Corn (Zea mays L.) seeds were planted on the manure rows. All plots received NPK fertilization with the same levels. At the end of growing season, soil samples (0-30 cm) were collected to examine soil bulk density and soil water content. The results showed that, lower bulk density and higher water content were obtained at level of 40 ton ha-1compared with the levels of 0 and 20 ton ha-1. The soil bulk density decreased from1.23 to 1.20 Mg m-3 and the soil water content increased from 26.33 to 30.23 % whenthe depth of application increased from 10 to 30 cm. Mixing manure with soil resulted in lower value of bulk density and higher value of water content compared with subsoil laying method. Mixing manure with soil down to the depth of 30 cm amount of 40 ton ha-1 improved the soil bulk density which reached lower value of 1.14 Mg m-3 and soilwater content increased to 36.19% among all other treatments.
Analysis of Clinical Rockall Score in patients with Acute Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding in the Emergency Services of a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Shilpakar Olita , Prasad Pratap Narayan , Maharjan Ramesh Kumar
Published: December 2019

Introduction: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding is a gastrointestinal emergency. It is characterized by hematemesis or melena or both. Rapid identification and stabilization of patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding presenting to the emergency department is essential for patient survival. This study was done to inspect the use of the Clinical Rockall score to predict the outcome in patients with Upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Methods: A cross sectional study of 272 patients who presented to the emergency department of Tribhuvan University Teaching hospital within a period of one year with hematemesis or melena or both was performed. The Clinical Rockall Score was calculated for each patient based on the points assigned for clinical variables.

Results: The most common cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding was esophageal varices 86 (31.6%), followed by ulcers 53 (19.5%). Hematemesis was the most common mode of presentation in 133 (48.9%) followed by melaena in 95 (34.9%) and both in 44 (16.2%). High clinical Rockall score of >4 was associated with outcomes like transfusion in 81% patients, rebleeding in 61.9% and mortality in 69% of patients. The predictive accuracy of clinical Rockall score for transfusion, the AUROC was 0.737 (95% CI: 0.678-0.791, P=0.001); for rebleeding, the AUROC was 0.863 (95% CI: 0.8-0.927, P= 0.001) and for mortality, the AUROC was 0.877 (95% CI: 0.81-0.944, P= 0.001).

Conclusions: Clinical Rockall Score is a simple and rapid non endoscopic risk score that can be applied at the time of presentation to the emergency department to predict mortality outcomes in patients with acute UGIB.