bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparing 3D imaging devices for the measurement of cutaneous neurofibromas in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Authors: Lau Jonathan C. L. , Fleming Jane , Good Martin , Lim Adrian , Saunderson Rebecca B. , Phan Tai A. , Schlub Timothy , Siow Sue‐Faye , Lacson Nanette , Romo Carlos , Blakely Jaishri , Bergqvist Christina , Berman Yemima D.
Published: September 2024

Background

Cutaneous neurofibromas (cNFs) are a major cause of disfigurement in patients with Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1). However, clinical trials investigating cNF treatments lack standardised outcome measures to objectively evaluate changes in cNF size and appearance. 3D imaging has been proposed as an objective standardised outcome measure however various systems exist with different features that affect useability in clinical settings. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy, precision, feasibility, reliability and accessibility of three imaging systems.

Materials and methods

We compared the Vectra‐H1, LifeViz‐Micro and Cherry‐Imaging systems. A total of 58 cNFs from 13 participants with NF1 were selected for imaging and analysis. The primary endpoint was accuracy as measured by comparison of measurements between imaging systems. Secondary endpoints included reliability between two operators, precision as measured with the average coefficient of variation, feasibility as determined by time to capture and analyse an image and accessibility as determined by cost.

Results

There was no significant difference in accuracy between the three devices for length or surface area measurements (p > 0.05), and reliability and precision were similar. Volume measurements demonstrated the most variability compared to other measurements; LifeViz‐Micro demonstrated the least measurement variability for surface area and image capture and analysis were fastest with LifeViz‐Micro. LifeViz‐Micro was better for imaging smaller number of cNFs (1–3), Vectra‐H1 better for larger areas and Cherry for uneven surfaces.

Conclusions

All systems demonstrated excellent reliability but possess distinct advantages and limitations. Surface area is the most consistent and reliable parameter for measuring cNF size in clinical trials.
Polyphenol hydroxytyrosol present olive oil improves skin wound healing of diabetic mice
Authors: Duarte Matheus Silva , Fuhro Victor Müller , de Souza Nogueira Jeane , Romana‐Souza Bruna
Published: September 2024

The imbalance in oxidant production and chronic inflammation are the main mechanisms that lead to the detrimental effects of diabetes on skin wound healing. Thus, administration of antioxidants could improve diabetic wound healing. This study aimed to understand the effects of extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) or hydroxytyrosol (HT) in skin wound healing under diabetic conditions. Skin wounds in streptozotocin‐induced diabetic mice were topically treated with HT. Some diabetic animals were fed with a diet rich in EVOO. Wounds were harvested 7 days later. In in vitro assays, fibroblasts and macrophages were treated with high levels of glucose and HT. The EVOO or HT promoted wound closure and collagen deposition in diabetic mouse wounds. The EVOO or HT reduced the number of infiltrated neutrophils, tumour necrosis factor‐α, lipid peroxidation, and nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 in diabetic mouse wounds. The EVOO or HT also increased the number of macrophages with anti‐inflammatory phenotype and interleukin‐10 in diabetic mouse wounds. In the in vitro assays, HT promoted the fibroblast migration, collagen gel contraction, and switched macrophages to an anti‐inflammatory phenotype under high glucose conditions. In conclusion, the diet supplementation with EVOO or topical application of HT promotes skin wound healing under diabetic conditions and can be a possible therapeutic tool for the treatment of those lesions.
Role of the magnetic layer interface, roughness, and thickness in the temperature-dependent magnetic properties of Al2O3/Co/CoO thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering
Authors: Kobyakov Aleksandr V. , Patrin Gennadiy S. , Yushkov Vasiliy I. , Kosyrev Nikolay N. , Komarov Vasiliy A. , Tomashevich Yevgeny V. , Rudenko Roman Yu.
Published: September 2024

Using the methods of atomic force and electron microscopy and the magneto-optical Kerr effect, the role of the interface, roughness, and thickness of the magnetic layer in the temperature-dependent magnetic properties of thin Al2O3–Co films with a naturally oxidized cobalt surface was studied. The layers were deposited by magnetron sputtering. The thickness of the cobalt layer varied from 2 to 100 nm. For the first time, the dependences of coercive forces and exchange displacements on the thickness of the cobalt film in the temperature range from 80 to 300 K were obtained and analyzed. The contribution to the coercive force and exchange displacement from the oxidized cobalt surface increases as the temperature decreases below 160 K. The magnitude of the contribution depends on the base material on which the cobalt film is deposited and is maximum for a cobalt film with a thickness of ∼20 nm in the Al2O3/Co structure. A weakly magnetic layer was found at the Al2O3/Co interface. The behavior of the exchange bias in this layer is similar to the behavior of a ferromagnetic Co core with a naturally oxidized CoO shell. The thickness of this layer depends on the speed and order of deposition of the layers. When the order of deposition of layers (Co/Al2O3) changes, the behavior of the exchange displacement of the interface becomes similar to that observed in the ferromagnet/antiferromagnet system. That is, when the deposition order changes, the value of the exchange shift changes sign when the cobalt layer thickness is below 10 nm.
Source and propagation modelling scenarios for environmental impact assessment: Model verification
Authors: Ainslie Michael A. , Laws Robert M. , Smith Michael J. , MacGillivray Alexander O.
Published: September 2024

Evaluation of possible effects of underwater sound on aquatic life requires quantification of the sound field. A marine sound source and propagation modelling workshop took place in June 2022, whose objectives were to facilitate the evaluation of source and propagation models and to identify relevant metrics for environmental impact assessment. The scope of the workshop included model verification (model-model comparison) and model validation (model-measurement comparison) for multiple sources, including airguns, a low-frequency multi-beam echo sounder, and a surface vessel. Several verification scenarios were specified for the workshop; these are described herein.
Pacing Demands in Competitive Nordic Skiing
Authors: Losnegard Thomas , Kocbach Jan , Sandbakk Øyvind
Published: September 2024

Background and Purpose: Cross-country skiing, biathlon, and Nordic combined are Winter Olympics sports that involve cross-country skiing in undulating terrain, characterized by various subtechniques and repeated intensity fluctuations. The stochastic interval profile of these sports necessitates the continuous regulation of work and energy expenditure throughout training sessions and competitions, a concept known as pacing. With the advent of technological advancements that allow for the measurement of these features during training and competitions, scientific studies have broadened our understanding of the associated racing and pacing demands. We provide the current scientific overview of pacing demands in competitive cross-country skiing, biathlon, and Nordic combined and propose guidelines for how performance can be enhanced by adjusting pacing behavior. Conclusions and Practical Applications: The study of pacing in skiing has evolved from basic lap-to-lap, or segment, analyses to detailed insights into micropacing strategies. This includes analysis of speed, internal and external power, subtechnique distribution, and associated temporal patterns, combined with subjective ratings of effort. While several objective tools such as heart rate, blood lactate concentration, and speed measurements are widely used in practice, current understanding suggests that these measures should supplement, rather than replace, the use of perceived effort (eg, rating of perceived exertion) to regulate intensity during training and competition in undulating terrain. Therefore, the ability to self-regulate effort appears to be an important performance characteristic and should be developed in adolescents and systematically used to optimize and evaluate the training process and race performance throughout athletes’ careers.
Pathogenicity, phylogenomic, and comparative genomic study of
Pseudomonas syringae
sensu lato affecting sweet cherry in California
Authors: Maguvu Tawanda E. , Frias Rosa J. , Hernandez-Rosas Alejandro I. , Shipley Erin , Dardani Greta , Nouri Mohamed T. , Yaghmour Mohammad A. , Trouillas Florent P.
Published: September 2024

To gain insights into the diversity of
Pseudomonas syringae
sensu lato affecting sweet cherry in California, we sequenced and analyzed the phylogenomic and genomic architecture of 86 fluorescent pseudomonads isolated from symptomatic and asymptomatic cherry tissues. Fifty-eight isolates were phylogenetically placed within the
P. syringae
species complex and taxonomically classified into five genomospecies:
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
,
P. syringae
,
Pseudomonas cerasi
,
Pseudomonas viridiflava
, and
A
. We annotated components of the type III secretion system and phytotoxin-encoding genes and correlated the data with pathogenicity phenotypes. Intact probable regulatory protein HrpR was annotated in the genomic sequences of all isolates of
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
,
P. syringae
,
P. cerasi
, and
A
. Isolates of
P. viridiflava
had atypical probable regulatory protein HrpR. Syringomycin and syringopeptin-encoding genes were annotated in isolates of all genomospecies except for
A
and
P. viridiflava
. All isolates of
P. syringae
pv.
syringae
caused cankers, leaf spots, and fruit lesions in the field. In contrast, all isolates of
P. syringae
and
P. cerasi
and some isolates of
P. viridiflava
caused only cankers. Isolates of genomospecies
A
could not cause any symptoms suggesting phytotoxins are essential for pathogenicity. On detached immature cherry fruit pathogenicity assays, isolates of all five genomospecies produced symptoms (black–dark brown lesions). However, symptoms of isolates of genomospecies
A
were significantly (
P
< 0.01) less severe than those of other genomospecies. We also mined for genes conferring resistance to copper and kasugamycin and correlated these data with
in vitro
antibiotic sensitivity tests.

IMPORTANCE

Comprehensive identification of phytopathogens and an in-depth understanding of their genomic architecture, particularly virulence determinants and antibiotic-resistant genes, are critical for several practical reasons. These include disease diagnosis, improved knowledge of disease epidemiology, pathogen diversity, and determination of the best possible management strategies. In this study, we provide the first report of the presence and pathogenicity of genomospecies
Pseudomonas cerasi
and
Pseudomonas viridiflava
in California sweet cherry. More importantly, we report a relatively high level of resistance to copper among the population of
Pseudomonas syringae
pv.
syringae
(47.5%). This implies copper cannot be effectively used to control bacterial blast and bacterial canker of sweet cherries. On the other hand, no isolates were resistant to kasugamycin, an indication that kasugamycin could be effectively used for the control of bacterial blast and bacterial canker. Our findings are important to improve the management of bacterial blast and bacterial canker of sweet cherries in California.
Impact of targeted neonatal echocardiography consultations for critically sick preterm neonates
Authors: Joye Sébastien , Kharrat Ashraf , Zhu Faith , Deshpande Poorva , Baczynski Michelle , Jasani Bonny , Lee Seungwoo , Mertens Luc L , McNamara Patrick J , Shah Prakesh S , Weisz Dany E , Jain Amish
Published: September 2024

Rationale

Preterm neonates needing rescue treatments with inotropes and/or inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) (acute critical illnesses, ACIs) in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) are at high risk of mortality. While targeted neonatal echocardiography consultations (TNE) are increasingly used to guide management, its clinical impact need evaluation.

Objectives

To investigate clinical outcomes in relation to TNE utilisation during episodes of ACIs among preterm neonates.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study, conducted at two tertiary NICUs over 10 years, included neonates<37 weeks gestational age (GA) who developed ACIs. Patients receiving TNE-guided care (TNE within 24 hours of treatment initiation) were compared with non-TNE management. Outcomes included predischarge mortality, episode-related mortality (<7 days) and a new diagnosis of intraventricular haemorrhage≥grade 3 (IVH-3). Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using propensity score was used to account for confounders, including site, birth years and baseline illness severity.

Measurements and main results

Of 622 included patients, 297 (48%) had TNE; median (IQR) GA at ACI was 26.4 (25.0–28.4) weeks. TNE group demonstrated higher baseline mean airway pressure, oxygen requirement and heart rate and frequently received both inotrope and iNO during ACI. IPTW analysis revealed TNE was associated with lower mortality (adjusted OR (95% CI) 0.75 (0.59 to 0.95)), episode-related mortality (0.54 (0.40 to 0.72)) and death or IVH-3 (0.78 (0.62 to 0.99)). TNE group received more varied inotropic agents, demonstrated earlier improvements in blood pressures, without increasing overall inotrpoic burden.

Conclusions

Among preterm neonates requiring rescue treatments with inotropes/iNO, TNE utilisation to guide clinical management may be associated with improved survival.
Coronary artery complications in patients with Kawasaki disease who successfully responded to the standard initial IVIG treatment
Authors: Takaki Sotaro , Kobayashi Tohru , Kuwabara Masanari , Kato Naoto , Kosami Koki , Ae Ryusuke
Published: September 2024

Objectives

To identify clinical characteristics of patients with non-refractory Kawasaki disease (KD), which were defined as those who successfully responded to the standard initial intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) treatment (2 g/kg/day, single infusion) without any secondary or later additional specific treatments, and to investigate the factors associated with the development of coronary artery (CA) complications in patients with non-refractory KD.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Hospitals specialising in paediatrics and hospitals with ≥100 beds and a paediatric department throughout Japan.

Patients

A total of 122 489 patients who developed KD across Japan during 2011–2018.

Main outcome measures

CA abnormalities identified after acute illness of KD (defined as CA sequelae).

Results

A total of 69 735 patients with non-refractory KD were identified, of which 672 (0.96%) experienced CA sequelae. Among patients with non-refractory KD, the presence of CA abnormalities identified at initial echocardiographic assessment was strongly associated with CA sequelae (adjusted OR (95% CI): 37.8 (31.9 to 44.7)). CA sequelae was also associated with male patients, infants (<12 months old), older patients (≥60 months old) and patients who received delayed initial IVIG treatment (>7 days from KD onset). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that delayed initial IVIG treatment was significantly associated with the development of CA sequelae in both patients with and without CA abnormalities identified at initial echocardiographic assessment.

Conclusions

Approximately 1% of patients with non-refractory KD may develop CA sequelae. Our findings highlight the importance of initial echocardiographic assessment and early initiation of IVIG treatments for patients with KD.
Association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in the Health and Retirement Study
Authors: Zhang Aijie , Zhou Liqiong , Meng Yaxian , Ji Qianqian , Ye Meijie , Liu Qi , Tan Weiri , Zheng Yeqi , Hu Zhao , Liu Miao , Xu Xiaowei , Karlsson Ida K. , Hägg Sara , Zhan Yiqiang
Published: September 2024

Background

Psychological resilience refers to an individual’s ability to cope with and adapt to challenging life circumstances and events.

Objective

This study aims to explore the association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in a national cohort of US older adults by a cross-sectional study.

Methods

The Health and Retirement Study (2006–2008) included 10 569 participants aged ≥50. Mortality outcomes were determined using records up to May 2021. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyse the associations between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality. Restricted cubic splines were applied to examine the association between psychological resilience and mortality risk.

Findings

During the follow-up period, 3489 all-cause deaths were recorded. The analysis revealed an almost linear association between psychological resilience and mortality risk. Higher levels of psychological resilience were associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality in models adjusting for attained age, sex, race and body mass index (HR=0.750 per 1 SD increase in psychological resilience; 95% CI 0.726, 0.775). This association remained statistically significant after further adjustment for self-reported diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cancer and hypertension (HR=0.786; 95% CI 0.760, 0.813). The relationship persisted even after accounting for smoking and other health-related behaviours (HR=0.813; 95% CI 0.802, 0.860).

Conclusions

This cohort study highlights the association between psychological resilience and all-cause mortality in older adults in the USA.

Clinical implications

Psychological resilience emerges as a protective factor against mortality, emphasising its importance in maintaining health and well-being.
Racial disparities in end-of-life suffering within surgical intensive care units
Authors: Haddad Diane N , Meredyth Nicole , Hatchimonji Justin , Merulla Elizabeth , Matta Amy , Saucier Jason , Sharoky Catherine E , Bass Gary Alan , Pascual Jose L , Martin Niels D
Published: September 2024

Background

End-of-life (EOL) care is associated with high resource utilization. Recognizing and effectively communicating that EOL is near promotes more patient-centered care, while decreasing futile interventions. We hypothesize that provider assessment of futility during the surgical intensive care unit (SICU) admission would result in higher rates of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR).

Methods

We performed a retrospective review of a prospective SICU registry of all deceased patients across a health system, 2018–2022. The registry included a subjective provider assessment of patient’s expected survival. We employed multivariable logistic regression to adjust for clinical factors while assessing for association between code status at death and provider’s survival assessment with attention to race-based differences.

Results

746 patients—105 (14.1%) traumatically injured and 641 (85.9%) non-traumatically injured—died over 4.5 years in the SICU (mortality rate 5.9%). 26.3% of these deaths were expected by the ICU provider. 40.9% of trauma patients were full code at the time of death, compared with 15.6% of non-traumatically injured patients. Expected death was associated with increased odds of DNR code status for non-traumatically injured patients (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.03 to 3.18), but not for traumatically injured patients (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.22 to 3.08). After adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics, black patients were less likely to be DNR at the time of death (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.32 to 0.75).

Conclusion

20% of patients who died in our SICU had not declared a DNR status, with injured black patients more likely to remain full code at the time of death. Further evaluation of this cohort to optimize recognition and communication of EOL is needed to avoid unnecessary suffering.

Level of evidence

Level III/prognostic and epidemiological.
Reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS) analysis reveals variation in distribution and levels of DNA methylation in white birch (Betula papyrifera) exposed to nickel
Authors: Nkongolo Kabwe , Michael Paul
Published: September 2024

Research in understanding the role of genetics and epigenetics in plant adaptations to environmental stressors such as metals is still in its infancy. The objective of the present study is to assess the effect of nickel on DNA methylation level and distribution in white birch ( Betula papyrifera Marshall) using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing (RRBS). The distribution of methylated C sites of each sample revealed that the level of methylation was much higher in CG context varying between 54% and 65%, followed by CHG (24%–31.5%), and then CHH with the methylation rate between 3.3% and 5.2%. The analysis of differentially methylated regions (DMR) revealed that nickel induced both hypermethylation and hypomethylation when compared to water. Detailed analysis showed for the first time that nickel induced a higher level of hypermethylation compared to controls, while potassium triggers a higher level of hypomethylation compared to nickel. Surprisingly, the analysis of the distribution of DMRs revealed that 38%–42% were located in gene bodies, 20%–24% in exon, 19%–20% in intron, 16%–17% in promoters, and 0.03%–0.04% in transcription start site. RRBS was successful in detecting and mapping DMR in plants exposed to nickel.
Research on dynamic constraint mechanism and motion control of intelligent vehicles based on preview distance optimization under complex road conditions
Authors: Ye Qing , Huang Rang , Zhang Yao , Wang Ruochen , Chadli M. , Chen Long
Published: September 2024

Aiming at the coupling and conflict issues between intelligent vehicle dynamics characteristics and path tracking system under complex road conditions, this paper investigates the dynamics constraint mechanism and motion control of intelligent vehicles, and proposes an intelligent vehicle lateral–vertical cooperative control method based on optimized preview distance. To begin with, an intelligent vehicle path tracking control system based on expected yaw velocity has been designed by establishing a three-degree-of-freedom dynamic model for intelligent vehicle. Then, we analyzed the mechanism by which changes in vehicle speed, road curvature, and preview distance affect the accuracy of vehicle path tracking and handling stability. Considering the “human-vehicle-road” system in intelligent transportation systems, critical values for collision and instability were set. Furthermore, we designed a proactive optimization method for preview distance under different working conditions, using an optimization algorithm to improve path tracking accuracy while ensuring vehicle stability, based on the lateral displacement deviation and lateral orientation deviation representing the accuracy of path tracking, as well as the lateral acceleration representing handling stability. Finally, hardware-in-the-loop platform test was conducted. The simulation and test results show that the optimized path tracking algorithm reduces lateral deviation to as low as 0.05 m, and the stability constraint control in the algorithm can be triggered promptly even under extreme conditions.
A toy model for damped water waves
Authors: Moon Gary
Published: September 2024

We consider a toy model for a damped water waves system in a domain [Formula: see text]. The toy model is based on the paradifferential formulation of the water waves system derived in the work of Alazard–Burq–Zuily [On the water-waves equations with surface tension, Duke Math. J. 158 (2011) 413–499]. The form of damping we consider is a modified sponge layer proposed for the [Formula: see text] water waves system by Clamond et al. in [An efficient model for three-dimensional surface wave simulations. Part II: Generation and absorption, J. Comput. Phys. 205 (2005) 686–705]. We show that, in the case of small Cauchy data, solutions to the toy model exhibit a quadratic lifespan. This is done via proving energy estimates with Klainerman vector fields.
Phenotypic Plasticity in Locusts: Trade-Off Between Migration and Reproduction
Authors: Guo Xiaojiao , Kang Le
Published: September 2024

Locusts exhibit phenotypic plasticity in response to population density changes, with distinct phenotypes in the solitary and gregarious phases. In the past decade, many studies have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying phase changes, which include the change of body coloration, pheromones, behavior, flight, fecundity, immunity, and aging. Our understanding of the molecular mechanisms related to these phenotypic differences has expanded in breadth and depth with the decoding of the locust genome, involving transcriptional, post-transcriptional, translational, and epigenetic regulation. Large-scale regulation networks composed of genes and noncoding RNAs reflect the systematic modifications of the locust phase transition in response to environmental changes. Gene manipulation techniques have verified the functions of specific genes and related pathways in phase changes. This review highlights the latest advances in studies of locust phase changes and suggests that the divergence of energy and metabolism allocation in gregarious and solitary locusts is an adaptive strategy for long-distance migration and local reproduction, respectively. Finally, we propose future research directions and discuss emerging questions in the area of phenotypic plasticity of locusts.
Nitride Lithium-ion Conductors with Enhanced Oxidative Stability
Authors: Jun KyuJung , Xiao Yihan , Sun Wenhao , Byeon Young-Woon , Kim Haegyeom , Ceder Gerbrand
Published: September 2024

It is desirable to develop solid electrolytes that have both excellent reductive stability against lithium metal and oxidative stability against high-voltage cathodes. However, no inorganic superionic conductors reported thus far satisfy these criteria. Nitrides exhibit intrinsically superior stability against reduction but are often readily oxidized at voltages as low as 0.6 V. In this article, we investigated all nitride-based compounds to search for materials with improved oxidative stabilities over 2.0 V while retaining their intrinsic stability against Li metal. We found two compounds, LiPN2 and Li2CN2, with high oxidative stability > 2.0 V and low vacancy migration energies. Using fine-tuned CHGNet machine-learning interatomic potential, we found that upon introducing aliovalent dopants to introduce vacancies in Li2CN2, the dopant and vacancy strongly anchor with each other to result in trapped vacancies, which lowers ionic conductivity. In contrast, vacancies and dopants have minimal interactions in LiPN2, resulting in a high ionic conductivity. These two compounds were synthesized, but their ionic conductivities were not successfully measured because of the challenges in densification. With improved processing conditions, these compounds may serve as anode-side separators in dual-separator-type all-solid-state batteries or anode buffer layer materials interfaced with lithium metal.
Chitosan/Microcrystalline Cellulose Overlaid rGO/Fe3O4 Films: Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy Investigations
Authors: Dacrory Sawsan , Kamel Samir , Nasralla Naglaa , Turky Gamal
Published: September 2024

Hybrid and straightforward inorganic/organic composites that can be used simultaneously for energy storage are reported. Films from chitosan (Cs) with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) implanted with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and/or magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles were fabricated. The reinforcement of the Cs/MCC films with rGO and /or Fe3O4 was studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive electron spectroscopy. In addition, their magnetic, conductivity, dielectric constant, and dielectric loss behaviors were studied. The magnetic investigations of the two films loaded with Fe3O4 have supper paramagnetic behavior. The saturation magnetization was decreased with the presence of rGO. At lower frequencies, the contribution of charge transport and interfacial polarization causes a sudden and nearly linear increase in permittivity with decreasing frequency. Unfortunately, no indication of electrode polarization was found, which reduces the ability of the prepared composition to store electrical energy. The electric modulus representation was employed to determine the relaxation time of the interfacial polarization quantitatively and numerically. No indication of electrode polarization was found.
Inhibiting H2AX Can Ameliorate Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury by Regulating P53/JNK Signaling Pathway
Authors: Yu Ziyang , Teng Yirong , Yang Hongbo , Wang Yudi , Li Xichen , Feng Lei , Xu Wenbo , Hao Yinglu , Li Yanping
Published: September 2024

Myocardial ischemia‐reperfusion (I/R) injury is a significant area of focus in cardiovascular disease research. I/R injury can increase intracellular oxidative stress, leading to DNA damage. H2AX plays a crucial role in DNA repair. This study utilized mouse and cell models of myocardial I/R to investigate the impact of H2AX on cardiomyocytes during I/R. This study initially assessed the expression of H2AX in MI/R mice compared to a sham surgery group. Subsequently, cardiac function, infarct area, and mitochondrial damage were evaluated after inhibiting H2AX in MI/R mice and a negative control group. Furthermore, the study delved into the molecular mechanisms by analyzing the expression of H2AX, P53, p‐JNK, SHP2, p‐SHP2, p‐RAS, parkin, Drp1, Cyt‐C, Caspase‐3, and Caspase‐8 in cardiomyocytes following the addition of JNK or P53 agonists. The results from western blotting in vivo indicated significantly higher H2AX expression in the MI/R group compared to the sham group. Inhibiting H2AX improved cardiac function, reduced myocardial infarct area, and mitigated mitochondrial damage in the MI/R group. In vitro experiments demonstrated that inhibiting H2AX could attenuate mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in myocardial cells by modulating the P53 and JNK signaling pathways. These findings suggested that inhibiting H2AX may alleviate myocardial I/R injury through the regulation of the P53/JNK pathway, highlighting H2AX as a potential target for the treatment of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury.
Transformative Cyber Marketing: Fostering Regional Growth and Engagement
Authors: Martadi Nana Storada Dwi , Sidiq Mohamad , Melati Inaya Sari
Published: September 2024

This study is aimed at formulating a contemporary regional cyber marketing model with a focus on endorsing local products and events in Semarang City, Indonesia. Utilizing the Star Model by Galbraith, the research involved 44 stakeholders in extensive interviews. Employing social network analysis (SNA) through the Net‐Map tool, the study introduced an innovative cyber marketing approach, labeled as Semarang Cyber Marketing (SCyMark), designed to meet the unique requirements of the region. SCyMark demonstrated adaptability and sustainability, promoting seamless integration between local offerings and digital marketing. The findings showcased significant shifts in stakeholders’ perceptions, with 23 out of 44 experiencing noteworthy changes in their perceived influence within the SCyMark framework. SNA offered intricate insights into stakeholder relationships, enhancing the study’s credibility. This research contributes valuable perspectives to regional development, highlighting SCyMark’s potential in promoting local products and events. By fostering community engagement and supporting economic growth, cyber marketing emerges as a promising tool for advancing marketing initiatives in diverse regions.
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Gastrointestinal Parasite Infections among Meat Goats in Khon Kaen Thailand
Authors: Rerkyusuke Sarinya , Lerk-u-suke Sawarin , Mektrirat Raktham , Wiratsudakul Anuwat , Kanjampa Prapan , Chaimongkol Saikam , Phanmanee Nattaya , Visuddhangkoon Miranda , Pattayawongdecha Panicha , Piyapattanakon Nanticha , Krajaipan Pongpatchara , Sutamwirat Pitchapa
Published: September 2024

This study investigated the epidemiology of gastrointestinal (GI) parasite infections among 42 meat goat herds in Khon Kaen, Northeast Thailand, based on 913 fecal samples. The predominant parasites identified in the herd were strongyle (100.0%, 42/42), Trichuris spp. (73.8%, 31/42), Eimeria spp. (66.7%, 28/42), Moniezia spp. (64.3%, 27/42), Strongyloides spp. (38.1%, 16/42), and Paramphistomum spp. (7.1%, 3/42). Coinfection with at least two GI parasites was observed in 90.4% of the herds. Molecular analysis confirmed Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. as the strongyle species. The study explored parasite prevalence among animals, finding significant correlations with season, sex, age, and breed. Notably, the wet season showed increased strongyle and Eimeria spp. infections. Female animals had higher odds of strongyle infection, while younger animals (less than 1 year) were more susceptible. Conversely, animals aged over 1 year were more likely to be positive for Trichuris spp., Moniezia spp., and Eimeria spp. infections. Female animals exhibited poor body condition scores (BCS) and anemia, as indicated by the FAMACHA score and packed cell volume (PCV) levels. Correlations between age, clinical signs, hematological parameters, biochemistry, and GI parasite burdens were investigated, revealing significant associations. These findings emphasize the need for tailored intervention strategies considering seasonal variations, age, and sex differences for effective GI parasite control in meat goats. Prioritizing animals exhibiting poor BCS and elevated FAMACHA score is imperative to mitigate the deleterious impacts of GI parasitic infections on health and productivity.
In Silico Driven Multi‐Epitope Subunit Candidate Vaccine against Bovine Tuberculosis
Authors: Faysal Md. Atik , Tanni Fatema Yeasmin , Rahman Md. Mahfujur , Rahman Md Anisur , Chowdhury Md. Shahidur Rahman , Cho Ho-Seong , Hossain Md. Mukter , Uddin Md Bashir
Published: September 2024

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused by Mycobacterium bovis, poses significant zoonotic and economic challenges globally. The current prevention and treatment options are limited and increasingly complicated by the emergence of multidrug‐resistant strains. This study employs reverse vaccinology and immunoinformatics to design a multi‐epitope subunit vaccine targeting the MPB83, ArfA, DnaK, GrpE, and LpqH proteins of M. bovis. The T‐cell and B‐cell epitopes of the candidate vaccine were predicted and evaluated for antigenicity, allergenicity, and toxicity. The promising epitopes were then assembled into three vaccine constructs (bTBV1, bTBV2, and bTBV3) using appropriate adjuvants, pan HLA DR‐binding epitope (PADRE), and linkers. The constructs were analyzed for physicochemical properties, 3D structure, cytokines induction and stability, followed by molecular docking with bovine CD molecules and toll‐like receptor, TLR‐9. Among the candidates, bTBV3 was chosen as one of the most promising vaccine candidates due to its high aliphatic index (67.60), lowest instability score (27.26), and a strong binding affinity. Molecular dynamics simulations and the results of interactions between the vaccine–receptor complexes (eigenvalue 2.318704e‐06) show that the vaccine construct bTBV3 is stable. In silico immune simulation findings, such as elevated IgM levels and increased Th cell populations, suggest that the designed multi‐epitope vaccine candidate bTBV3 elicits robust humoral and cellular immune responses, confirming the vaccine’s potential efficacy. Additionally, codon optimization (CAI: 0.997 and GC: 54.687%) and in silico cloning facilitated efficient expression in E. coli. This study highlights the potential of bioinformatics‐driven approaches in developing effective subunit vaccines against bTB, providing a foundation for experimental validation and future applications in combating this pervasive zoonotic disease, bovine tuberculosis.
Enhancing Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Epoxy Composites with Fish Scale‐Derived Collagen Reinforcement
Authors: S. C. Onwubu , D. Naidoo , Z. Obiechefu , T. H. Mokhothu , P. S. Mdluli , A. K. Mishra
Published: September 2024

Epoxy polymer composites reinforced with fish scale‐derived collagen (EFC) have garnered significant interest due to their potential for enhancing mechanical properties and environmental sustainability. In this study, we investigated the mechanical, thermal, and morphological characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with varying concentrations of EFC (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% wt). Tensile strength testing revealed an initial increase in Young’s modulus with 5% and 10% EFC concentrations, followed by a decrease at higher concentrations, attributed to agglomeration effects. Flexural strength (FS) exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing EFC content, while flexural modulus (FM) showed improvement up to 20% EFC loading. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis highlighted the distribution of collagen particles, with agglomeration observed at higher concentrations. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy indicated alterations in hydrogen bonding with the addition of EFC. Thermal analysis revealed a reduction at onset degradation temperature with EFC incorporation, attributed to poor dispersion and agglomeration effects, alongside a slight enhancement in thermal stability at higher concentrations. The study supports the sustainable use of EFC as a filler, by offering a renewable and eco‐friendly alternative to reinforcing polymer composites.
Supplemental Table 1 from Geographic Access to Fertility Counseling among Adolescent and Young Adult Women with Cancer in North Carolina
Authors: Rodriguez-Ormaza Nidia , Anderson Chelsea , Baggett Christopher D. , Delamater Paul L. , Troester Melissa A. , Wheeler Stephanie B. , Wardell Alexis C. , Deal Allison M. , Smitherman Andrew , Mersereau Jennifer , Baker Valerie L. , Nichols Hazel B.
Published: September 2024

Supplemental Table 1 shows the characteristics of the included sample compared to non-respondents.
Supplementary Figure S7 from Long-Term Risks of Cardiovascular Death among Older Patients with Major Hematological Malignancies: A Population-Based Cohort Study from SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , He Minghao , Zhang Peng , Gao Yang , Ouyang Ling , He Xianjun , Han Na , Zhang Jinfeng , Guan Mengshan , Feng Yueqi , Li Yonghua
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S7. The distribution of causes of deaths among older patients with hematological malignancies based on clinical features. For each panel, we show the distribution of four causes of death among different clinical features base on years after diagnosis, age at diagnosis, sex, race of all 7 types of hematological malignancies (a), Ann Arbor stage, radiation of lymphoma (b). Abbreviations: CVD, Cardiovascular Disease
Supplementary Figure S5 from Long-Term Risks of Cardiovascular Death among Older Patients with Major Hematological Malignancies: A Population-Based Cohort Study from SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , He Minghao , Zhang Peng , Gao Yang , Ouyang Ling , He Xianjun , Han Na , Zhang Jinfeng , Guan Mengshan , Feng Yueqi , Li Yonghua
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S5. The distribution of causes of deaths among older patients with hematological malignancies (1994-2003). For each panel, we show the distribution based on different causes of death, the distribution of all four causes of deaths (a), the distribution of all causes of non-malignancies deaths (b), the distribution of all causes of CVD-related deaths (c). The time interval does not include the upper limit. Abbreviations: CVD, Cardiovascular Disease
Supplementary Figure S1 from Long-Term Risks of Cardiovascular Death among Older Patients with Major Hematological Malignancies: A Population-Based Cohort Study from SEER Database
Authors: Zhang Hanqing , He Minghao , Zhang Peng , Gao Yang , Ouyang Ling , He Xianjun , Han Na , Zhang Jinfeng , Guan Mengshan , Feng Yueqi , Li Yonghua
Published: September 2024

Supplementary Figure S1. The distribution of causes of deaths among older patients with hematological malignancies based on age at diagnosis. The figure shows the distribution of all four causes of deaths in older patients over 65 with hematological malignancies. Abbreviations: CVD, Cardiovascular Disease
Supplementary Table S8 from Evaluation of the Immune Response within the Tumor Microenvironment in African American and Non-Hispanic White Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Trendowski Matthew R. , Watza Donovan , Lusk Christine M. , Lonardo Fulvio , Ratliff Valerie , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Mamdani Hirva , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Boerner Julie L. , Schwartz Ann G. , Gibson Heather M.
Published: September 2024

Differential Expression of B Cell-related Transcripts by Race.
Supplementary Table S3 from Evaluation of the Immune Response within the Tumor Microenvironment in African American and Non-Hispanic White Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Trendowski Matthew R. , Watza Donovan , Lusk Christine M. , Lonardo Fulvio , Ratliff Valerie , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Mamdani Hirva , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Boerner Julie L. , Schwartz Ann G. , Gibson Heather M.
Published: September 2024

Immune Cell Type Proportions by Race among non-Hispanic White and African American NSCLC Cases.
Supplementary Figure S1 from Evaluation of the Immune Response within the Tumor Microenvironment in African American and Non-Hispanic White Patients with Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Trendowski Matthew R. , Watza Donovan , Lusk Christine M. , Lonardo Fulvio , Ratliff Valerie , Wenzlaff Angela S. , Mamdani Hirva , Neslund-Dudas Christine , Boerner Julie L. , Schwartz Ann G. , Gibson Heather M.
Published: September 2024

Representative NSCLC Tumor Tissue Sections Used to Characterize PD-L1 Expression or Tertiary Lymphoid Structure Status.
Supplementary Table 1 from Variables Affecting CA15.3 Tumor Antigen Expression and Antibodies against It in Female National Health and Nutritional Survey Participants
Authors: Cramer Daniel W. , Vitonis Allison F. , Fichorova Raina N. , Yamamoto Hidemi S. , Mudugno Francesmary , Finn Olivera J.
Published: September 2024

Correlations between anti-CA15.3 index and anti-CA15.3 RLU antibodies in all women and subsets of NHANES
Supplementary Table 1 from Risk and Prognosis of Cancer in Patients with Obstructive Uropathy Compared with the General Danish Population
Authors: Nørgaard Mette , Körmendiné Farkas Dóra , Gotschalck Madeleine A. , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: September 2024

International Classification of Diseases (ICD) codes
Supplementary Figure 1 from Risk and Prognosis of Cancer in Patients with Obstructive Uropathy Compared with the General Danish Population
Authors: Nørgaard Mette , Körmendiné Farkas Dóra , Gotschalck Madeleine A. , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: September 2024

Flow chart describing the exclusion criteria for the obstructive uropathy population
Data from Use of Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in the Women’s Health Initiative
Authors: Brasky Theodore M. , Jager Leah R. , Newton Alison M. , Li Xilin , Loomans-Kropp Holli A. , Hays John L. , Margolis Karen L. , Luo Juhua
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:
Pancreatic cancer is among the most fatal human cancers and the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Evidence suggests that chronic inflammation may play a role in pancreatic carcinogenesis and its inhibition through nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) may reduce pancreatic cancer incidence.
Methods:
We examined associations of total and individual NSAIDs with pancreatic cancer risk among postmenopausal women participating in the Women’s Health Initiative observational study and clinical trial cohorts. Among 117,452 women, aged 55 to 79 years, 727 incident pancreatic cancer cases were reported over 18 years of follow-up. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for associations between NSAIDs and pancreatic cancer risk.
Results:
Relative to non-use, consistent use of any NSAID was inversely associated with pancreatic cancer risk (HR 0.71, 95% CI, 0.59–0.87), primarily driven by strong associations for aspirin use (HR 0.67, 95% CI, 0.52–0.86). Use of total or individual non-aspirin NSAIDs was not associated with pancreatic cancer. Upon stratified analysis, we observed stronger associations for NSAIDs among participants with prevalent diabetes (HR 0.28, 95% CI, 0.10–0.75) relative to those without (HR 0.75, 95% CI, 0.61–0.92; P-interaction = 0.03).
Conclusions:
Additional large prospective studies with careful measurement of NSAID type, dose, and frequency are needed to further investigate the possibility of added benefit among individuals diagnosed with diabetes.
Impact:
This study adds to existing evidence from prospective studies and clinical trials suggesting that use of aspirin may provide moderate benefit for pancreatic cancer prevention.
Data from Exercise and QUality Diet after Leukemia: A Randomized Weight Loss Trial among Adult Survivors of Childhood Leukemia in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study
Authors: Friedman Danielle N. , Chou Joanne F. , Clark Jeanne M. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Ford Jennifer S. , Armstrong Gregory T. , Mubdi Nidha Z. , McDonald Aaron , Nathan Paul C. , Sklar Charles A. , Ramanathan Lakshmi V. , Robison Leslie L. , Oeffinger Kevin C. , Tonorezos Emily S.
Published: September 2024

AbstractBackground:
Obesity is prevalent in childhood cancer survivors and interacts with cancer treatments to potentiate risk for cardiovascular (CV) death. We tested a remote weight-loss intervention trial that was effective among adults with CV risk factors in a cohort of adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) with overweight/obesity.
Methods:
In this phase III efficacy trial, survivors of ALL enrolled in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2 were randomized to a remotely delivered weight-loss intervention versus self-directed weight loss, stratified by history of cranial radiotherapy. The primary endpoint was the difference in weight loss at 24 months in an intent-to-treat analysis. Analyses were performed using linear mixed-effects models.
Results:
Among 358 survivors (59% female; median attained age: 37 years; IQR: 33–43 years), the baseline mean (SD) weight was 98.6 kg (24.0) for the intervention group (n = 181) and 94.9 kg (20.3) for controls (n = 177). Adherence to the intervention was poor; 15% of individuals in the intervention group completed 24/30 planned coaching calls. Weight at 24 months was available for 274 (77%) participants. After controlling for cranial radiotherapy, sex, race/ethnicity, and age, the mean (SE) change in weight from baseline to 24 months was −0.4 kg (0.8) for the intervention group and 0.2 kg (0.6) for control participants (P = 0.59).
Conclusions:
A remote weight-loss intervention that was successful among adults with CV conditions did not result in significant weight loss among adult survivors of childhood ALL.
Impact:
Future interventions in this population must be tailored to the unique needs of survivors to encourage engagement and adherence.

See related In the Spotlight, p. 1147