bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Orientation and Mobility for Students with Severe Visual and Multiple Impairments: A New Perspective
Authors: Joffee E. , Rikhye C.H.
Published: March 2020

An innovative program for teaching orientation and mobility (O&M) to students with severe sensory and cognitive impairments in the New York City public schools was developed on the premise that these students do not have to master prerequisite concepts and techniques to learn O&M. It incorporated tactile and tangible communication systems to teach O&M and was structured so mobility education was embedded in the students’ daily activities in school and at home. This article examines the traditional model of O&M and the assumptions about how such students learn to be mobile, describes the evolution of this innovative program, and presents guidelines for planning and implementing similar programs in other educational and rehabilitation settings.
Congenitally Blind Children with and without Retrolental Fibroplasia: Do They Perform Differently?
Authors: Dodds A.G. , Hellawell DJ. , Lee M.D.
Published: March 2020

When the performance of congenitally blind children with and without retrolental fibroplasia was compared on a number of cognitive and spatial tasks, no significant differences were found. The results lend no support to the view that children with retrolental fibroplasia have greater deficits than do other congenitally blind children. They suggest, rather, that the amount of early experiences in the environment is responsible for the successful performance of these tasks and that mental and spatial problem solving may depend on different psychological processes.
Communication Cues Used by People with and without Visual Impairments in Daily Conversations and Dating
Authors: Fichten C.S. , Judd D. , Tagalakis V. , Amsel R. , Robillard K.
Published: March 2020

Sighted, partially sighted, and blind participants answered questions about their expression and interpretation of verbal and nonverbal cues during telephone conversations, face-to-face encounters, and dating. They also listed the advantages and disadvantages that people with visual impairments have during social interactions. Although all groups used similar numbers of cues, sighted participants used more visual cues, whereas visually impaired participants used more nonvisual cues. Common communication cues are listed and the implications of the findings for assessing and remedying communication problems are discussed.
Third-Party Reimbursement of Vision Rehabilitation Services: A Historical Overview
Authors: Piqueras L.S.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the various components of vision rehabilitation services, examines funding mechanisms for reimbursement of the services, reviews legislative activities over the past 20 years, and identifies issues that must be addressed in the future if the field is to obtain adequate funding for high-quality services for all Americans who are visually impaired.
The CCH Vision Stimulation Program for Infants with Low Vision: Preliminary Results
Authors: Leguire L.E. , Fellows R.R. , Rogers G.L. , Bremer D.L. , Fillman R.D.
Published: March 2020

This article describes a study of the Columbus Children's Hospital (CCH) vision stimulation program involving the stimulation of 15 visually impaired infants and comparisons with 14 visually impaired infants who did not receive the in-home stimulation and a cross-sectional group of 50 similar aged normal infants. The results document the benefits of appropriate vision stimulation for increasing the neural foundation for vision and visual-motor function in visually impaired infants.
The Relative Effectiveness of Reading in Large Print and with Low Vision Devices for Students with Low Vision
Authors: Koenig A J. , Layton C.A. , Ross D.B.
Published: March 2020

This study explored the value of an objective procedure to evaluate the relative effectiveness of reading large print and reading regular print with low vision devices for six students with low vision. Data on observable reading behaviors—oral and silent reading rates, working distance, and oral reading miscues—were collected and analyzed using a case-study approach. The procedure provided useful information for consideration by multidisciplinary teams.
A Model Project to Provide Outreach Low Vision Services to Children with Deaf-Blindness
Authors: Brennan V. , Miller K.B. , Ryu F. , Lolli D.
Published: March 2020

The Low Vision Service of Perkins School for the Blind developed a model project to provide comprehensive vision evaluations and follow-up services to 169 children with dual sensory impairments throughout New England. This article describes the project's objectives, the population served, and the procedures for implementing services.
An Education-Support-Group Program for Visually Impaired People with Diabetes
Authors: Caditz J.
Published: March 2020

This article describes the Diabetes Education/Support Group Program for people with diabetes and visual impairment. It analyzes some of the common problems that participants have reported, and discusses some methods of reducing anxiety and depression related to the two conditions.
A Direct Service Program for Mainstreamed Students by a Residential School
Authors: Cronin P.J.
Published: March 2020

Residential schools are appropriately placed to provide a wide range of direct services to mainstreamed children with visual impairments. One of these services can be occasional withdrawal to the residential school for teaching skills that are unique to visual impairment, but that are not specifically included in the regular education program.
Low Vision Bicycling
Authors: Connor M.
Published: March 2020

This article considers bicycling as a means of transportation, not recreation, for selected individuals with low vision, and examines the skills needed to operate a bicycle in a safe and responsible manner.
Psychosocial Factors in Mainstreaming Visually Impaired Adults
Authors: Agrawal R.
Published: March 2020

Seven visually impaired men in India were extensively interviewed regarding their attitudes toward mainstreaming and the problems they were facing. Their IQs and levels of anxiety were also assessed. It was found that, for successful mainstreaming, the characteristics of individuals are as important as the social environments in which they are placed.
Blind Children's Ability to Predict What Another Sees
Authors: Bigelow A.E.
Published: March 2020

Totally blind, visually impaired, and normally sighted children were asked to determine whether an observer could see the front or back of a toy better from her position and to make it so the observer could do so. The totally blind children were older than the other children when they mastered the tasks, made the highest percentage of errors before mastery, and made different errors.
Services for Children and Youths who are Deaf-Blind: An Overview
Authors: Zambone A.M. , Huebner K.M.
Published: March 2020

The uniqueness and complexity of needs and characteristics of the population of children who are deaf-blind make it extremely difficult to determine who they are. Consequently, identifying and meeting their needs through appropriate intervention models and strategies is also difficult. This paper provides an overview of what is currently known about the population of children who are deaf-blind, a description of the service delivery and resource systems currently in place, and a discussion of current and future issues relevant to providing intervention.
Teaching Behaviors and Attitudes of Braille Instructors in Adult Rehabilitation Centers
Authors: Ponchillia P.E. , Durant P.A.
Published: March 2020

This article reports the findings of a nationwide survey of braille instructors in adult rehabilitation centers. Most teachers taught braille to fewer than 20 percent of their clients and few taught complex reading skills. Instructors’ attitudes toward braille were influenced by their training site, their type of college degree, and their degree of vision. Teaching behaviors were affected by the site at which the instructor taught, the degree of vision of the instructor, and the type of degree held by the instructor.
Assertiveness, Depression, and Social Support in Older Visually Impaired Adults
Authors: Hersen M. , Kabacoff R.I. , Van Hasselt V.B. , Null J.A. , Ryan C.F. , Melton M.A. , Segal D.L.
Published: March 2020

This study examined the relationship of assertiveness, depression, and social support in a sample of 100 visually impaired older adults receiving services at a rehabilitation facility. Irrespective of sex or the type of impairment, age of onset of the impairment, duration of the impairment, there were significant correlations between social support and depression, assertiveness and depression, and social support and assertiveness.
Ethics and politics in the Anthropocene
Authors: Cooke Maeve
Published: March 2020

The most fundamental challenge facing humans today is the imminent destruction of the life-generating and life-sustaining ecosystems that constitute the planet Earth. There is considerable evidence that the strongest contemporary ecological threat is anthropogenic climate change resulting from the increasing warming of the atmosphere, caused by cumulative CO2 and other emissions as a result of collective human activity over the past few 100 years. This process of climate change is reinforced by further ecological problems such as pollution of land, air and sea, depletion of resources, land degradation and the loss of biodiversity. The name gaining currency for this emerging epoch of instability in the Earth’s eco-systems is the Anthropocene. Anthropogenic climate change calls for a categorical shift in thinking about the place of humanity in these systems and requires fundamental rethinking of ethics and politics. What would an appropriate ethical frame for politics in the Anthropocene look like? In response to this question, I sketch a proposal for an ethically non-anthropocentric ethics. I draw on early Frankfurt School Critical Theorists, and on Habermas, but move beyond these theorists in key respects.
Preclinical Safety Assessment of a Highly Selective and Potent Dual Small-Molecule Inhibitor of CBP/P300 in Rats and Dogs
Authors: Katavolos Paula , Cain Gary , Farman Cindy , Romero F. Anthony , Magnuson Steven , Ly Justin Q. , Choo Edna F. , Katakam Anand Kumar , Andaya Roxanne , Maher Jonathan
Published: March 2020

Cyclic adenosine monophosphate-response element (CREB)-binding protein (CBP) and EP300E1A-binding protein (p300) are members of the bromodomain and extraterminal motif (BET) family. These highly homologous proteins have a key role in modulating transcription, including altering the status of chromatin or through interactions with or posttranslational modifications of transcription factors. As CBP and p300 have known roles for stimulating c-Myc oncogenic activity, a small-molecule inhibitor, GNE-781, was developed to selectively and potently inhibit the CBP/p300 bromodomains (BRDs). Genetic models have been challenging to develop due to embryonic lethality arising from germline homozygous mutations in either CBP or P300. Hence, the purpose of this study was to characterize the role of dual inhibition of these proteins in adult rats and dogs. Repeat dose toxicity studies were conducted, and toxicologic and pathologic end points were assessed. GNE-781 was generally tolerated; however, marked effects on thrombopoiesis occurred in both species. Evidence of inhibition of erythroid, granulocytic, and lymphoid cell differentiation was also present, as well as deleterious changes in gastrointestinal and reproductive tissues. These findings are consistent with many preclinical (and clinical) effects reported with BET inhibitors targeting BRD proteins; thus, the current study findings indicate a likely important role for CBP/p300 in stem cell differentiation.
Scientific Regulatory Policy Committee Points to Consider*: Nuisance Factors, Block Effects, and Batch Effects in Nonclinical Safety Assessment Studies
Authors: Schultze Albert Eric , Bennet Bindu , Rae Jessica Caverly , Chiang Alan Y. , Frazier Kendall , Katavolos Paula , McKinney LuAnn , Patrick Daniel J. , Tripathi Niraj
Published: March 2020

Detection of test article–related effects and the determination of the adversity of those changes are the primary goals of nonclinical safety assessment studies for drugs and chemicals in development. During these studies, variables that are not of primary interest to investigators may change and influence data interpretation. These variables, often referred to as “nuisance factors,” may influence other groups of data and result in “block or batch effects” that complicate data interpretation. Definitions of the terms “nuisance factors,” “block effects,” and “batch effects,” as they apply to nonclinical safety assessment studies, are reviewed. Multiple case examples of block and batch effects in safety assessment studies are provided, and the challenges these bring to pathology data interpretation are discussed. Methods to mitigate the occurrence of block and batch effects in safety assessment studies, including statistical blocking and utilization of study designs that minimize potential confounding variables, incorporation of adequate randomization, and use of an appropriate number of animals or repeated measurement of specific parameters for increased precision, are reviewed.

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Unsettling Events: Understanding Migrants’ Responses to Geopolitical Transformative Episodes through a Life-Course Lens
Authors: Kilkey Majella , Ryan Louise
Published: March 2020

Migration under the European Union’s (EU) Freedom of Movement is constructed as temporary and circular, implying that migrants respond to changing circumstances by returning home or moving elsewhere. This construction underpins predictions of an exodus of EU migrants from the United Kingdom (UK) in the context of Brexit. While migration data indicate an increase in outflows since the vote to leave the EU, the scale does not constitute a “Brexodus.” Moreover, EU migrants’ applications for UK citizenship have been increasing. The data, though, are not sufficiently detailed to reveal who is responding to Brexit in which way. This article aims to offer a deeper understanding of how migrants experience and respond to changing geopolitical episodes such as Brexit. Introducing the term “unsettling events,” we analyze data collected longitudinally, in the context of three moments of significant change: 2004 EU enlargement, 2008–09 economic recession, and Brexit. Examining our data, mainly on Polish migrants, through a life-course lens, our findings highlight the need to account for the situatedness of migrant experiences as lived in particular times (both personal and historical), places, and relationships. In so doing, we reveal various factors informing migrants’ experiences of and reactions to unsettling events and the ways in which their experiences and reactions potentially impact migration projects.
Early outcomes of mitral valvuloplasty by minimally invasive surgery or sternotomy
Authors: Huang Huan-lei , Yan Qian , Xie Xu-jing , Zhou Kan , He Biao-chuan , Yang Liang
Published: March 2020

Background

Disagreement exists regarding methods for repair of the mitral valve. We compared early outcomes of mitral valvuloplasty by a minimally invasive technique and by a median sternotomy.

Methods

The data of 507 patients (mean age 47.9 ± 15.2 years) undergoing mitral valvuloplasty from January 2015 to June 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. In the study group ( n = 225), mitral valvuloplasty via a totally thoracoscopic approach was performed by a single surgeon. In the control group ( n = 282), mitral valvuloplasty via the traditional median sternotomy was carried out by other cardiac surgeons in our hospital. Clinical data, surgical results, and follow-up findings in the two groups were comparatively analyzed.

Results

In the study group, the blood transfusion rate (5.3% vs. 20.9%, p < 0.05) and incidences of poor wound healing (0 vs. 5.3%, p < 0.05) and respiratory tract infection (4.4% vs. 16.3%, p < 0.05) were lower, and postoperative hospitalization was shorter (5.9 ± 4.0 vs. 10.7 ± 8.4 days, p < 0.05). Within 30 days after surgery, no patient died in the study group while one died in the control group. The duration of follow-up was 12–36 months (mean 22.9 ± 8.8 months). During follow-up, there were 1 and 0 cases of redo surgery and 1 and 3 deaths in the study group and control group, respectively.

Conclusion

Mitral valvuloplasty via a minimally invasive approach is superior to the traditional median sternotomy in terms of early outcomes, especially when performed by experienced surgeons.
Buttressed and breached: The exurban fortress, cannabis activism, and the drug war’s shifting political geography
Authors: Polson Michael
Published: March 2020

As the post-1980s revanchist drug war transformed US cities, another spatial formation was materializing: exurbia. The final roost of suburban white flight, exurbia also formed via the spatial–racial dynamics of the drug war. The “exurban fortress” projected an imaginary of urban danger and rural security that (1) solidified an anti-drug constituency among (older, white) property owners and disciplinarily transitioned racially marked and poor white residents from an industrial to postindustrial service economy and (2) ameliorated key contradictions implicit to the production, consumption, and governance of exurbia. Taking the case of Calaveras County, California, this article shows how cannabis prohibition politically stabilized spatial meanings and capital accumulation during a period bookended by recessionary crises in housing production (1992–2010). It also shows how medical cannabis activists reimagined the urban and rural in capacious ways, thus catalyzing a local transformation that mirrored national trends around drugs, penality and Rightist politics. This case illuminates a neglected dimension of drug war geographies and their activist-driven transformation and urges attention to new bordering practices emerging from exurbian spatial imaginaries.
Risks and contraindications of medical compression treatment – A critical reappraisal. An international consensus statement
Authors: Rabe Eberhard , Partsch Hugo , Morrison Nick , Meissner Mark H , Mosti Giovanni , Lattimer Christopher R , Carpentier Patrick H , Gaillard Sylvain , Jünger Michael , Urbanek Tomasz , Hafner Juerg , Patel Malay , Wu Stephanie , Caprini Joseph , Lurie Fedor , Hirsch Tobias
Published: March 2020

Objectives

Medical compression therapy is used for non-invasive treatment of venous and lymphatic diseases. Medical compression therapy-associated adverse events and contraindications have been reported, although some contraindications are theoretically based. This consensus statement provides recommendations on medical compression therapy risks and contraindications.

Methods

A systematic literature search of medical compression therapy publications reporting adverse events up until November 2017 was performed. A consensus panel comprising 15 international experts critically reviewed the publications and formulated the recommendations.

Results

Sixty-two publications reporting medical compression therapy adverse events were identified. The consensus panel issued 21 recommendations on medical compression therapy contraindications and adverse event risk mitigation, in addition to reviewing medical compression therapy use in borderline indications. The most frequently reported non-severe medical compression therapy-associated adverse events included skin irritation, discomfort and pain. Very rare but severe adverse events, including soft tissue and nerve injury, were also identified.

Conclusion

This consensus statement summarises published medical compression therapy-associated adverse events and contraindications, and provides guidance on medical compression therapy. Severe medical compression therapy-associated adverse events are very rarely encountered if compression is used correctly and contraindications are considered.
Rural social enterprises in Europe: A systematic literature review
Authors: van Twuijver Mara Willemijn , Olmedo Lucas , O’Shaughnessy Mary , Hennessy Thia
Published: March 2020

There is a growing perception that social enterprises represent a significant solution to the range of contemporary challenges facing rural areas across Europe. However, while much of the existing studies of European rural social enterprises provide a rich insight into specific case studies, as of yet, there is no comprehensive review of the breadth of research currently published on rural social enterprises in Europe. We respond to this gap by providing a systematic literature review incorporating 66 studies of rural social enterprise in Europe. We highlight the range of research in this field and demonstrate how the organisations act as key actors in fulfilling needs of rural areas that are not met otherwise. This systematic literature review confirms that rural social enterprises are characterised by strong local involvement with an ability to combine different goals and resources. Based on this review, we suggest that the rural and local contexts, often combined with tailored external support, are important factors in enabling rural social enterprises. This review also indicates that the academic field is relatively young and rapidly growing, leaving room for new lines of potential research to improve our understanding of these enterprises and their contribution to the development of rural places.
Vortioxetine as adjunctive therapy to risperidone for treatment of patients with chronic schizophrenia: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial
Authors: Moazen-Zadeh Ehsan , Bayanati Samaneh , Ziafat Kimia , Rezaei Farzin , Mesgarpour Bita , Akhondzadeh Shahin
Published: March 2020

Introduction and objectives:

Vortioxetine, a novel antidepressant, may be an interesting candidate for adjunctive therapy of schizophrenia. Our primary objective was to investigate the effect of vortioxetine on negative symptoms, with the assessment of positive, general psychopathology and total symptoms as our secondary goal.

Methods:

This was an eight-week randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group clinical trial, in which 78 inpatients with chronic schizophrenia were stabilised with risperidone (4–6 mg/day) for two months before being assigned to adjunctive vortioxetine (10 mg b.i.d.) or placebo. The patients were assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Extrapyramidal Symptom Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale during the study course. All participants had a PANSS negative symptoms subscale score of ⩾16 at baseline. Sixty-eight patients completed the trial.

Results:

Vortioxetine improved the negative symptoms score as the primary outcome and total PANSS score as a secondary outcome significantly better than placebo from baseline to end point at week 8, accompanied by significant time × treatment interactions and effect sizes (negative symptoms: mean difference (95% confidence interval (CI)) = −1.82 (−2.73 to −0.92); total scores: mean difference (95% CI) = −2.09 (−3.16 to −1.01). No significant difference was detected for changes in positive symptoms score or PANSS general psychopathology score as the other secondary outcomes from baseline to end point between the two treatment arms. The incidence of adverse events was comparable between groups.

Conclusions:

This is the first study to provide evidence for the therapeutic effect of vortioxetine on negative symptoms as an adjunctive to treatment with antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia.
Strategic Management in Public Organizations: Profiling the Public Entrepreneur as Strategist
Authors: Ongaro Edoardo , Ferlie Ewan
Published: March 2020

Our core argument is that the entrepreneurial school of thought in strategic management as conceptualized by Mintzberg and colleagues holds explanatory value for advancing knowledge about the behavior of public sector organizations, as it does for private firms, albeit with important qualifications when applied to public services: chiefly, the temporal limitation in post for the office-holder of a public organization. After describing our methods, we present qualitative data from a longitudinal case study of strategy making in an European Union (EU) agency, the European Aviation Safety Agency, which has become a key actor globally in civil aviation. Our interpretation of the case suggests the additional usefulness of the entrepreneurial school of strategy, suitably adapted for public agency settings, as an explanatory prism to enlarge the repertoire of conceptual tools for the study of public agencies. Our broader argument is that the field of strategic management may provide theoretical resources for the study of public agencies, provided its theoretical lenses are properly selected and adapted.
Improvement of image quality and diagnostic confidence using Smart MAR – a projection-based CT protocol in patients with orthopedic metallic implants in hip, spine, and shoulder
Authors: Feldhaus Felix W , Böning Georg , Kahn Johannes , Fehrenbach Uli , Maurer Martin , Renz Diane , Streitparth Florian
Published: March 2020

Background

In computed tomography (CT) scans, artifacts caused by metallic orthopedic implants still hamper the visualization of important, periprosthetic tissues. Smart MAR metal artifact reduction tool is a promising three-stage, projection-based, post-processing algorithm.

Purpose

To determine whether the Smart MAR tool improves subjective and objective image quality and diagnostic confidence in patients with orthopedic implants of the hip, spine, and shoulder.

Material and Methods

Seventy-two patients with orthopedic screws, hip/shoulder replacement, or spine spondylodesis were included. CT scans were performed on a single-source multislice CT scanner, raw data were post-processed using Smart MAR. Image quality was evaluated both quantitatively (ROI-based) and qualitatively (rater-based) and compared to iterative reconstructions (ASIR V). As comparative standard for artificial prosthetic breaks or loosening, follow-up examinations were used.

Results

Smart MAR reconstructions of the hip (n = 23), spine (n = 26), and shoulder (n = 23) showed a significantly reduced attenuation and noise of regions adjacent to metallic implants ( P<0.002). Subjective image quality ( P<0.005, shoulder P = 0.038/ P = 0.046) and overall diagnostic confidence were higher in Smart MAR (all regions P<0.002). Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR; P = 0.72/ P = 0.96) was not improved. Compared to standard ASIR V new, artificial metal extinctions (up to 50%) or periprosthetic hem lines (48%–73%) were introduced by Smart MAR.

Conclusion

Smart MAR improved image quality of the hip, spine, and shoulder CT scans resulting in higher diagnostic confidence in evaluation of periprosthetic soft tissues. As shown for spine implants, it should be used with caution and as a complementary tool for evaluation of periprosthetic loosening or integrity of metal implant, as in many cases it introduced new artifacts.
Unique Relationships Between Autistic Traits and Visual, Auditory, and Tactile Sensory Thresholds in Typically Developing Adults
Authors: Yaguchi Ayako , Hidaka Souta
Published: March 2020

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by symptoms such as social deficits and restricted interests and behavior. Several studies have investigated specific sensory processing in relation to ASD traits. However, findings appear to be inconsistent and inconclusive because of variation in ASD traits among participants and differences in the tasks adopted. In this study, we investigated relationships between sensory thresholds in visual, auditory, and tactile modalities and various ASD traits to account for individual variability of traits in typically developing adults using the same experimental tasks. We estimated detection and discrimination thresholds for brightness, sound pressure, and vibrotactile stimulus strength. We also estimated the degree of ASD traits in each participant with a questionnaire. We found that higher tactile detection and visual discrimination thresholds were related to ASD traits in difficulty of communication. A lower tactile discrimination threshold and higher visual detection threshold was also related to the ASD trait of strong focus of attention. These findings suggest the existence of unique relationships between particular low-level sensory processing and specific ASD traits, indicating that irregularities in sensory processing may underlie variation in ASD traits.
Apparent Emotional Expression Explains the Effects of Head Posture on Perceived Trustworthiness and Dominance, but a Measure of Facial Width Does Not
Authors: Zhang Dongyu , Lin Hongfei , Perrett David I.
Published: March 2020

Interpreting the personality and the disposition of people is important for social interaction. Both emotional expression and facial width are known to affect personality perception. Moreover, both the apparent emotional expression and the apparent width-to-height ratio of the face change with head tilt. We investigated how head tilt affects judgements of trustworthiness and dominance and whether such trait judgements reflect apparent emotion or facial width. Sixty-seven participants rated the dominance, emotion, and trustworthiness of 24 faces posing with different head tilts while maintaining eye gaze at the camera. Both the 30° up and 20° down head postures were perceived as less trustworthy and more dominant (less submissive) than the head-level posture. Change in perceived trustworthiness and submissiveness with head tilt correlated with change in apparent emotional positivity but not change in facial width. Hence, our analysis suggests that apparent emotional expression provides a better explanation of perceived trustworthiness and dominance compared with cues to facial structure.
Structural Performance of Deteriorated Metal Culverts Rehabilitated Through Invert Concrete Paving
Authors: Masada Teruhisa , Fekrat Abdul , Hurd John
Published: March 2020

Corrugated metal culverts have been used to convey surface drainage under local streets and major highways all over North America. Inverts of these culverts often deteriorate over time as they are constantly exposed to potentially harsh flow conditions. Invert concrete paving has been a traditional treatment used by roadway departments to rehabilitate metal culverts of which the bottoms are heavily rusted and beginning to perforate. The benefit of this rehabilitation method is clear from the hydraulic aspect but not from the structural aspect. A study was carried out recently for the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT) by the authors to examine how much the invert paving helps the deteriorated metal culverts structurally. To make the study comprehensive, the authors conducted a literature review, gathered the state-of-the-practice information from many state departments of transport (DOTs), performed computer simulations, and carried out full-scale field load tests. The data gathered in the study repeatedly demonstrated that invert paving can restore the deteriorated metal culverts structurally, especially if the amount of metal lost through deteriorations is regained by welding reinforcement bars to the invert plates before concrete paving. Armed with this positive outcome, an engineering procedure was proposed.
Repair With Dynamic Intraligamentary Stabilization Versus Primary Reconstruction of Acute Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears: 2-Year Results From a Prospective Randomized Study
Authors: Kösters Clemens , Glasbrenner Johannes , Spickermann Lena , Kittl Christoph , Domnick Christoph , Herbort Mirco , Raschke Michael J. , Schliemann Benedikt
Published: March 2020

Background:

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) repair has once again become a focus of research because of the development of new techniques.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose was to compare the functional results and recurrent instability rates in patients undergoing ACL repair with dynamic intraligamentary stabilization (DIS) versus primary ACL reconstruction (ACLR) for acute isolated ACL tears. The hypothesis was that functional results and knee joint stability after ACL repair with DIS would be comparable with that after ACLR.

Study Design:

Randomized clinical trial; Level of evidence, 1.

Methods:

A total of 85 patients with acute ACL tears were randomized to undergo either ACL repair with DIS or primary ACLR. The preinjury activity level and function were recorded. Follow-up examinations were performed at 6 weeks and 6, 12, and 24 months postoperatively. Anterior tibial translation (ATT) was evaluated using Rolimeter testing. The Tegner activity scale, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) subjective form, and Lysholm knee scoring scale scores were obtained. Clinical failure was defined as ΔATT >3 mm in combination with subjective instability. Recurrent instability and other complications were recorded.

Results:

There were 83 patients (97.6%) who were successfully followed until 2 years. ATT was significantly increased in the DIS group compared with the ACLR group (ΔATT, 1.9 vs 0.9 mm, respectively; P = .0086). A total of 7 patients (16.3%) in the DIS group had clinical failure and underwent single-stage revision. In the ACLR group, 5 patients (12.5%) had failure of the reconstruction procedure; 4 of these patients required 2-stage revision. The difference in the failure rate was not significant ( P = .432). There were 4 patients (3 in the DIS group and 1 in the ACLR group) who showed increased laxity (ΔATT >3 mm) without subjective instability and did not require revision. Recurrent instability was associated with young age (<25 years) and high Tegner scores (>6) in both groups. No significant differences between ACL repair with DIS and ACLR were found for the Tegner, IKDC, and Lysholm scores at any time.

Conclusion:

Whereas ATT measured by Rolimeter testing was significantly increased after ACL repair with DIS, clinical failure was similar to that after ACLR. In addition, functional results after ACL repair with DIS for acute tears were comparable with those after ACLR. The current study supports the use of ACL repair with DIS as an option to treat acute ACL tears.

Registration:

DRKS00015466 (German Clinical Trials Register)
A Tale of Many Sources: The Perceived Benefits of Significant Other, Similar Other, and Significant and Similar Other Social Support
Authors: Hatteberg Sarah J.
Published: March 2020

Scholarship indicates that there are many benefits of social support, yet theoretical questions remain as to whether the perceived efficacy of support depends upon its source. Drawing on in-depth interviews with a sample of collegiate athletes with access to a vast support network, this research examined the perceived utility of support received from significant others, similar others, and individuals who were both personally significant and experientially similar, albeit to varying degrees. Five categories of similar and/or significant other supporters emerged, each of which seemed to fulfill a different support function. Significant-only others provided support based in personal significance, whereas similar-only others supplied experience-based coping assistance. And a particularly valued resource, individuals who were both significant and similar were solicited based on the relative salience of their significant and similar other role identities and the uniquely specialized support they could provide to match the needs of both individuals and their stressful circumstances. In support of theory, findings highlight the potential for support interventions aimed at cultivating different types of similar and significant other relationships.
Concordance Between Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation and Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Derived Localization of Language in a Clinical Cohort
Authors: Schiller Katherine , Choudhri Asim F. , Jones Tamekia , Holder Christen , Wheless James W. , Narayana Shalini
Published: March 2020

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a newer noninvasive language mapping tool that is safe and well-tolerated by children. We examined the accuracy of TMS-derived language maps in a clinical cohort by comparing it against functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived language map. The number of TMS-induced speech disruptions and the volume of activation during functional MRI tasks were localized to Brodmann areas for each modality in 40 patients with epilepsy or brain tumor. We examined the concordance between TMS- and functional MRI–derived language maps by deriving statistical performance metrics for TMS including sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, and diagnostic odds ratio. Brodmann areas 6, 44, and 9 in the frontal lobe and 22 and 40 in the temporal lobe were the most commonly identified language areas by both modalities. Overall accuracy of TMS compared to functional MRI in localizing language cortex was 71%, with a diagnostic odds ratio of 1.27 and higher sensitivity when identifying left hemisphere regions. TMS was more accurate in determining the dominant hemisphere for language with a diagnostic odds ratio of 6. This study is the first to examine the accuracy of the whole brain language map derived by TMS in the largest cohort examined to date. While this comparison against functional MRI confirmed that TMS reliably localizes cortical areas that are not essential for speech function, it demonstrated only slight concordance between TMS- and functional MRI–derived language areas. That the localization of specific language cortices by TMS demonstrated low accuracy reveals a potential need to use concordant tasks between the modalities and other avenues for further optimization of TMS parameters.
Rhombencephalitis in Children: Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Correlation With Clinical Outcomes
Authors: Wong Alex Mun-Ching , Yeh Chih-Hua , Lin Jainn-Jim , Chou I-Jun , Lin Kuang-Lin
Published: March 2020

In children with rhombencephalitis, neuroimaging abnormalities have been infrequently correlated with clinical outcome. We investigated whether magnetic resonance (MR) neuroimaging studies could predict clinical outcomes and disturbance of consciousness in patients with rhombencephalitis. We retrospectively analyzed the MR studies of 19 pediatric patients with rhombencephalitis (median age: 4.2 years, range 0.5-17; sex: 32% male). Fluid-attenuated inversion recovery imaging and diffusion-weighted imaging findings were graded to create imaging scores according to the extent of imaging abnormality. Clinical outcomes in the first week and 12th month were graded by using Glasgow Outcome Scale scores (1-5) and dichotomized to unfavorable or favorable outcome. Correlations of the imaging scores with the clinical outcomes and with disturbance of consciousness were assessed by using multivariate logistic regression analysis. No significant correlation was found between fluid-attenuated inversion recovery score or diffusion-weighted imaging score ( P = .608, P = .132, respectively) and disturbance of consciousness. In the first week, the unfavorable outcome group (n = 11) had significantly higher diffusion-weighted imaging score than did the favorable outcome group (n = 8) (Mann-Whitney U test, P = .005). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the diffusion-weighted imaging score (odds ratio, 18.182; 95% confidence interval: 1.36, 243.01; P = .028) was significantly associated with unfavorable outcome. In the 12th month, the fluid-attenuated inversion recovery score or diffusion-weighted imaging score ( P = .994, P = .997, respectively) were not significantly associated with unfavorable outcome. Patients with rhombencephalitis who have a higher diffusion-weighted imaging score are more likely to have an unfavorable 1-week clinical outcome.
Personality Disorders in Adult Female Child Sexual Abuse Survivors: Dimensions of Personality Pathology and Characteristics of Abuse
Authors: Izdebska Agnieszka
Published: March 2020

The relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and later personality disorders (PDs) has been established in numerous studies. However, there are still a number of uncertainties about the specifics of this association. This study further explored the child sexual abuse survivors’ (CSASs) vulnerability to PDs by introducing the variable of personality organization (PO) and dimensions of personality pathology as conceptualized by Kernberg, and by including additional variables of CSA characteristics. It was hypothesized that in the CSA group, the occurrence of borderline personality organization (BPO) would be significantly higher than in the non-CSA group and that characteristics of abuse associated with its higher severity would prevail in individuals with BPO. The study group consisted of 329 women who completed measures of PO and experiences of CSA. The results were consistent with formulated hypotheses. Significantly more CSASs than those who did not experience CSA were characterized by close to BPO (cBPO). Moreover, CSASs group differed from the group without the CSA experience with regard to all BPO dimensions. The biggest difference between the CSA and the control group concerned the dimension referring to the difficulties in creating close, intimate relationships. With regard to CSA features, women characterized by cBPO, in contrast to those characterized by neurotic personality organization (NPO), significantly more often reported having experienced CSA more than once, involving physical contact, from more than one offender and from the offender they previously known. The findings of the study support the idea that the optimal treatment approach for CSASs should address both the personality structure and the specificity of the impact of CSA along with its characteristics.
College Students’ Perceptions of Intimate Partner Violence: The Effects of Type of Abuse and Perpetrator Gender
Authors: Wilson Jenna M. , Smirles Kimberly
Published: March 2020

This study explored how perceptions of intimate partner abuse severity and perpetrator responsibility differed based upon gender of the perpetrator/victim, participants’ gender, the type of abuse (physical vs. psychological), and the medium of abuse (in person vs. texting). Participants were undergraduates ( N = 593, aged 18–27), including 457 women and 136 men from two colleges in the Northeastern United States, who completed surveys for course credit. Results demonstrated that participants perceived abuse perpetrated by a male as more severe than abuse by a female, and physical abuse as more severe than psychological abuse. Furthermore, an interaction between perpetrator gender and abuse type indicated that abuse by males was viewed as more severe regardless of whether it occurred in person or electronically. In addition, participants attributed more responsibility to males and those who committed physical abuse. These findings are discussed in light of limitations and implications for future research.
Sexual Violence Perpetration as a Risk Factor for Current Depression or Posttraumatic Symptoms in Adolescents
Authors: Meadows Amy L. , Coker Ann L. , Bush Heather M. , Clear Emily R. , Sprang Ginny , Brancato Candace J.
Published: March 2020

Sexual violence perpetration (SVP), including coerced, physically forced, and alcohol- or drug-facilitated unwanted sex, occurs frequently in adolescence and may represent a risk factor for future perpetration. Sexual violence victimization (SVV) has been found to be a risk factor for increased rates of depression and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD); however, the associations of SVP with depression or posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) have been less well described. This study examined associations between symptoms of depression and PTSS with SVP in the prior 12 months among high school students. In this cross-sectional analysis, a representative sample of public high school students (ninth–12th grades) completed self-reported surveys on peer SVP and SVV within the past year. Among 16,784 students completing surveys, 7.2% disclosed SVP against another high school student in the past 12 months; 64.4% of students disclosing SVP also experienced SVV. Both SVP and SVV, alone or in combination, were associated with a greater likelihood of symptoms of depression or PTSS. These associations were similar by sex and sexual minority status (e.g., lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer [LGBTQ+]). These findings highlight the need for continued primary prevention efforts. Additional screening to recognize adolescent SVP can allow both early treatment of depression and PTSD and address the individual risks of SVP to reduce subsequent repeated sexual assaults.
Assessing the enterprising tendencies of Arab female undergraduate engineering students in the Sultanate of Oman
Authors: Yasin Naveed , Khansari Zeinab , Sharif Taimur
Published: March 2020

This study assesses the enterprising characteristics of first-year undergraduate Omani female chemical engineering students in Muscat, Oman. Pre and post surveys were conducted with 27 respondents from an entrepreneurship boot camp module mandated by the Oman Ministry of Higher Education. The variables, measured on a 10-point Likert scale, included need for achievement, need for autonomy, creativity, risk-taking, and locus of control. Statistical analysis was performed on the integrated data to measure the impact of student learning using a t-test approach and comparing mean averages. This was followed by qualitative semi-structured interviews that were examined using thematic analysis. The comparison of students’ enterprise tendencies before and after the module indicates minor to moderate improvements in their entrepreneurial abilities and their understanding of entrepreneurial behavior. The most noticeable impact was on students’ risk-taking abilities, followed by their creativity, need for achievement, need for control, and, lastly, their need for autonomy. The findings illustrate that students perceived entrepreneurship positively but were concerned about the scheduling of the module and its integration into their core program of study. Students may have benefited further from a module of extended duration as opposed to the block delivery “boot camp” mode of learning. Due to the limited number of participants and the focus on female students only, the results of the study cannot be generalized. However, the article presents an initial exploration of and offers insights into enterprising characteristics among an empirically underexplored demographic and nonbusiness group.
A novel pulse-adaption flow control method for a turbocharger turbine: Elastically restrained guide vane
Authors: Wang Zhihui , Ma Chaochen , Zhang Hang , Zhu Fei
Published: March 2020

A turbocharger is a key enabler for energy conservation in an internal combustion engine. The turbine in a turbocharger is fed by highly pulsating gas flow due to the reciprocating engine, resulting in significant deterioration of the turbocharger performance. To solve this problem, a novel pulse-optimized regulation mechanism named ‘elastically restrained guide vane’ for a novel variable geometry turbocharger is proposed in this paper. The new mechanism regulates the instantaneous flow angle at turbine inlet due to guide vane's self-adaptive rotation under interactions of the elastic force by elastically restrained guide vane and the aerodynamic force from flowing gas, which is different from the traditional variable geometry turbocharger that is achieved by an active control system (e.g. actuator). To investigate the effectiveness of the novel method, a double-passage computational fluid dynamics model is built in ANSYS CFX software combined with a fluid-structure interaction method. The results demonstrate that the pulse-adaptive regulation method can effectively adjust the nozzle opening according to the different pulsating pressures at turbine inlet. Subsequently, based on the calibrated models, the numerical simulation concentrates on the potential gain in turbine eventual power output and the exhaust energy recover as well as the corresponding effects on efficiency as a result of operating the turbocharger in its elastically restrained guide vane mode compared to its operation as a conventional variable geometry turbocharger.