bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Human-centred maritime autonomy - An ethnography of the future
Authors: Lutzhoft M , Hynnekleiv A , Earthy J V , Petersen E S
Published: November 2019

To date, autonomous shipping appears to primarily have been about a technology push rather than considering and providing sociotechnical solutions including re-design of work, capturing knowledge and addressing human factors in modern shipping. Autonomous shipping is frequently claimed to reduce human error, whereas in reality, any issue connected to humans will arguably move with the people from ship to shore in that different people will make different mistakes; with possibly more severe consequences. Furthermore, autonomous shipping is likely to require changes to regulation and increased attention to cyber security and other IT human-centred quality factors if it is to succeed. What the HUMANE project is interested in is how (in certain scenarios) the human collaborates with, hands over to, or takes over from the technology/automation to achieve an overall safe state of the system. The aim is to map and investigate a potential gap between current human skills, training and education and an autonomous maritime future, and to provide insight to enable mitigating change. The main project method is expert workshops, performed in a focus group style. Four workshops are planned and to date (mid 2019), two have been performed. The topic of the first was technology, and the second was legal, class and insurance implications. For this paper, we have analysed the data relevant to future skills. Results show that not only is the skill set imagined to be needed very different from that of today, it also contains many contradictory elements and, occasionally, demands for abilities that humans do not possess, and are unlikely to evolve.
The Role of River Embankment Workers in River Conservation in Surakarta City
Authors: Hadi Samsul , Muryani Chatarina , Santosa Sigit
Published: November 2019

Rivers in Surakarta City experience silting problems, pollution from both industrial and domestic waste, and flooding in rainy seasons. The government through the BBWS BS (the house of parliement of Bengawan Solo River) has carried out a series of river revitalization activities as an effort to handle the flooding in Surakarta City. These activities include normalizing rivers, widening rivers, relocating settlements from river borders, building dikes, building sluice gates, building pump houses and all facilities in the riverbank area. This government efforts will be useless if the community does not participate in protecting what the government has built. Public is still lack of awareness on the importance of maintaining the river sustainability. There are still many people who throw garbage into the river and use the river embankment not as it should be. To overcome this, BBWS BS has formed a river embankment worker, which is a special officer to treat, clean and maintain the physical shape of the Bengawan Solo river. This study aims to determine the role of the river embankment workers in conserving rivers in Surakarta City. The method used is TPB (Theory of Planned Behavior). Based on the results of the study it is known that the River Embankment Workers have a positive attitude in river preservation. River embankment workers also educate the public to participate in maintaining the preservation of the river. The difficulty faced by the River Embankment Workers is that people are still desperate to use the river embankment and throw garbage into the river.
Evaluation of Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma Blanco) Seed Oil Nanoemulsion as insecticide against Planococcus minor (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Authors: Prabowo Heri , Damaiyani Janis
Published: November 2019

Estate commodities and flowering plants are mostly attacked by Planoccocus minor. Nowadays, botanical pesticide nanoemulsion technology is developing to be used to control insect pests. To evaluate the kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion as insecticide against P.minor was the objective of this study. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replication was used on the kemiri sunan evaluation test. Each replication consist of seven concentration (0,2%; 0,39%; 0,78%; 1,56%; 3,13%; 6%; and water as control). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) at α 95% followed by Duncan multiple test at α 5% was carried out. The evaluation result showed an increase in the insecticidal effect of kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion against the insect species when formulated as a nano-emulsion. The application of kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion for five day after treatment was able to cause the mortality of P. minor as much as 90%. Within 5 days after treatment, LC50 was 0.09 % and LT50 was 3,7 days. It is implies that the kemiri sunan seed oil nanoemulsion when to be sprayed may kill directly to the target pest and it is needed around 3,7 days to kill 50% population of pest. The results obtained indicate that kemiri sunan seed oil based nanoemulsion formulations can be used as toxicants for the control of P. minor. The kemiri sunan seed oil based nanoemulsion can be developed into botanical pesticides. Low chemical residues, safe for natural enemies and can be used as component in integrated pest management are the advantages of The kemiri sunan seed oil based nanoemulsion.
Landslide Disaster Potential In Warungkiara District, Sukabumi Regency, Based On The Analysis Of Quantitative Geomorphology And Land Use Data
Authors: Reza Ahmad , Maulana Mi’raj , Hilman dan Raisya NurAzizah
Published: November 2019

Land usage increases along with the rising population growth and development of a region. This leads to a greater potential for natural disasters caused by land degradation, especially on land with relatively steep to steep slopes. The research area is located in Warungkiara District, Sukabumi Regency, West Java Province. Geographically, Warungkiara lies between -6.910833° S – -7.000833° S and 106.712222° E – 106.802778° E. The study was conducted using primary fieldwork data and supporting secondary data. The geomorphological aspects considered in this research are the morphometric aspects supported by the land use of the research area. This research intends to assess the potential of landslide disaster based on quantitative geomorphology and land use data with hopes that it can be used as a reference for land management policies and for zoning landslide prone areas. Based on the analysis of quantitative geomorphology and land use data, areas with high likelihoods of landslide are found in research area zones 1, 5 and 6 which both have >40% grade. Areas with potential for landslides are found in zones 2 and 3 with grades of 15-25%. From our observations, areas with landslide potential have ineffective land management. It is recommend that land use in landslide prone areas should be reviewed, with a greater emphasis on land use that can reduce landslide potential. Human settlements and vital human activities should avoid areas of potential landslide disaster.
Cement Grouting Method for Increasing the Cone Value of Slopes at Semarang Multi Event Circuit, Mijen, Semarang
Authors: Widodo Brenanto Tsaqofa , Satria Muhammad Alam , Silaen Michael
Published: November 2019

Semarang City Government is currently building sports infrastructure in the form of Multi Event Circuit. The project is located in Mijen, Semarang, Central Java. The project requires cut and fill work to fit the development plan. The first phase of construction began in early 2017, but there was a failure of slope stability due to the absence of reinforced embankment slopes. Therefore, it is necessary to stabilize the slope with geotechnical engineering. Slope improvement plan is done by grouting to increase the shear strength of the embankment. The aims of this study is to determine the increasing of cone value with cement content 5% of the total soil weight, in order to obtain the shear strength value requirement. The determination of cement content based on economical factor. Cone Penetrating Test (CPT) was performed before the grouting to determine the initial shear strength of the embankment. This test is performed in a depth of 1 m below the soil surface. Soil sampling was also conducted for laboratory tests to find the soil weight volume. The soil weight volume is required to make the remoulded soil in the vat same as the initial compacted soil. Grouting is done by pouring the cement into the 9 layers of compacted soil according to the amount of weight in the vat volume. CPT was carried out on the soil layer in the vat after 3 days to obtain the increasing of cone value. The results of these experiments will be used for design of slope stability. Based on the results of the test using the 5% cement amount of total soil weight, the average cone value increased from 7 kg/cm2 to 15 kg/cm2. This increasing is significant enough to improve the stability of the embankment slopes.
Oil-Source Rock Correlation Of Oil Seepage And Rock Samples Collected From The Cibulakan Formation At Palimanan Area, West Java
Authors: Jatmiko Edi Wahyu , Kamtono Praptisih
Published: November 2019

This paper presents the results and discussion of a petroleum geochemistry study performed on two oil seepage and seven outcrop samples collected from the Cibulakan Formation at Palimanan area, West Java. The presence of two oil seepages in Palimanan area indicates that there is an effective source rock which has produces hydrocarbon. The objectives of the study were to determine the hydrocarbon source potential of outcrops, and to characterise selected rock extracts and oil seepage samples, and determine the progenitor source facies at time generation/expulsion. The method used in this research is field study and laboratory analysis. Field studies were conducted on oil and rock sampling, while the geochemical laboratory analysis includes Total Organic Carbon, Rock-Eval Pyrolysis, Vitrinite Reflectance, Kerogen Typing, Bitumen Extraction, Liquid Chromatography, Gas Chromatography fingerprint and GC-MS biomarker. The oil-source rock correlation to its oil based on GC fingerprint (n-alkane distributions) and GC-MS biomarker (triterpanes and sterane distributions) has been done. The oil seepage is correlated with possible source rocks from the Cibulakan Formation. Based on the n-alkane distribution the oil seepage showed biodegradation, but based on the biomarker distributions, it is interpreted that the oil seepage have been generated from a source rock facies containing mainly non-marine algal debris (Type II Kerogen) mixed with some input from terrestrial higher plant organic matter (Type III Kerogen). The oil seepage shows a moderately good correlation with the rock extracts based on GC-MS biomarker data. These biomarker parameters has been successfully used to determine the origin of oil with its precursor source rock by correlating the rock extracts to possible source rocks in the oil and gas exploration.
Geohazard Mitigation Based on Local Wisdom for Limestone Mining Site in Padalarang Area of West Java
Authors: Haerani Evi , Maemunah Euis , Hamid Nur , Muslim Ghazi O. , Muslim Dicky , Matsumoto Miki
Published: November 2019

Padalarang area of Bandung Barat Regency is famous as location of limestone mining site in West Java Province. Several geological hazards such as landslide, soil erosion and sedimentation are frequently happen in the study area. Despite the environmental damages due to geohazards, there are still many people living in this area. The objective of this paper is to reveal the efforts of disaster risk reduction based on local knowledge and wisdom of people living around the limestone quarry. Methodology in this study consists of geohazards potential mapping to delineate the area of vulnerability and mapping of the people’s knowledge and experiences in their efforts to reduce the risk of disaster around their environment. Results show that several quarries in the study area are prone to landslide and rockslide with high vulnerability. Soil erosion and sedimentation are traceable in the rivers. Native inhabitants around mining site get used to build their homes on the slope in a traditional way to avoid the danger of sliding.. Eventhough the recent home building is popular using bricks but in some cases, the traditional building is expected to be more resilient to geohazards. Stone Garden and Guha Pawon are means of keeping environmental friendly and part of geohazard mitigation.
Probabilistic Analysis of theLaharic Hazard Assessment on Experimental Power Reactor, Puspiptek Area, Serpong
Authors: Sukadana I Gde , Susilo Yarianto Sugeng Budi , Heriwaseso Anjar , Alhakim Euis Etty
Published: November 2019

Nuclear energy has a large potency to become the backbone of renewable energy in Indonesia, and it is expected to become a significant lifting factor in fulfilling the national electrical energy, furthermore nuclear technology could be grouped into the clean and safe technology. One of Nuclear program in Indonesia is development of Experimental Power Reactor (RDE) in Puspiptek, Serpong. Safety aspect in nuclear reactor technology covering site, construction and technology. One of the important site safety aspect is volcanology aspect, because of a volcanic event is could occur before, during, and after volcanic eruption which has the potency in producing hazard threats. The volcanic aspect assessment is to understanding the characteristics of volcanism and capabilities of volcanic hazards. In the 150 km radius from RDE site, there are six capable volcanoes, which are covering Anak Krakatau, Gede, Salak, Tangkubanparahu, Guntur volcanoes possessing different probability based on the eruption index. This paper focusing on the lahar hazard analysis from Gede and Salak Volcano. Analysis method conducted in this research is probabilistic of lahar. This method is combining of DEM with 9 m/pixel resolution and analysis using LAHARZ software. Even so, the volcano hazard evaluation towards the site is conducted with a hazard potency source from the phenomenon of the Salak and Gede volcanoes which are at a distance respectively of 41 km and 60 km from the RDE site. The Salak and Gede volcanoes are ones type of active volcanoes which show volcanic activity since 1600 until now. The maximum lahar potency using in this analysis are 60 million m3 from Salak Volcano produces a distribution spread of 35.35 km. Meanwhile, the reach of the lahar from Gede Volcano is 37.7 km. Therefore the lahar does not give any impacts to the RDE site.
Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA) approachment for Depositional Environment and Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) determination in Keutapang Formation, Rantau Field (North Sumatera Basin) and Air Benakat Formation, Tempino Field (South Sumatera Basin)
Authors: Pinem Johanes Maunda , Muslim Abdurahman Fajar
Published: November 2019

Keutapang Formation deposited in North Sumatra Basin at the mid to late miocen on regression phase. Air Benakat Formation deposited in South Sumatra Basin, has similar characteristic with Keutapang Formation which deposited in the regression & compressional phase near the same age. The purpose of this study is to know the relationship between Laser Particle Size Analysis (LPSA) and Depositional Environment to include Hydraulic Flow Unit (HFU) in each Formation to help reservoir characterization process and rock type determination. Laser Particle Size Analysis results show that both formations have grain size from 11 to 160 μm in other words is very fine sand (wentworth scale). Sorting ranges from 1.5 to 2.4Ø which is classified as poorly sorted to very poorly sorted. Skewness ranges from -0.091 to 0.658 Ø grouped into near symmetrical, fine, and very fine skewness. Kurtosis ranges from 0.686 to 1.102 Ø grouped into very platykurtic, platykurtic, and mesokurtic. Based on the Linear Discriminate Function (LDF) method, by evaluating the values of Y1, Y2, Y3 and Y4, it describes that both formations are deposited on the Deltaic Environment with Shallow Agitated Water and dominated by traction currents. Difficulties in geomodelling process comes when there is no relationship between log analysis properties (which will be distributed) with HFU (from core data analysis). With LPSA data, we can obtain a linear (indirect) relationship between grain size and the shale volume on the same rock geometry. This relationship can be used to distribute HFU values by using a plot of grain size with HFU or Flow Zone Index.
Variable Selection to Determine Majors of Student using K-Nearest Neighbor and Naïve Bayes Classifier Algorithm
Authors: Mustakim  , Hastarimasuci Reysa , Papilo Petir , Zarkasih  , Zaitun  , Nazir Alwis
Published: November 2019

Appropriate student’s major placement in high school can help students to better improve their academic achievement. There are many variables which must be considered to determine the student’s majors, such as: Gender, Interests, Intelligence Quotient (IQ); Four subjects in Junior High School (JHS), average junior high school grades, matriculation score of four subjects, and average rate of matriculation. The number of variables used in the selection, causes some weaknesses among them, such as the complexity of variable, the inefficiency of variable and the existence of some variables which is only as an addition without having a significant contribution. This study aims to reduce the number of these variables so it will become easier to analyze and to be applied. The Process of reduction was done by combining experiments with Predefined attributes. A total of ten combinations were attempted using K-Nearest Neighbor (K-NN) and Naïve Bayes Classifier (NBC) which then was measured by Confusion Matrix accuracy. The experimental result showed that the combination of variables which produce the best accuracy were the 9th and 10th experiment with variable matriculation, interest, and IQ, and an accuracy of 96.77% from K-NN also 98.38% from NBC. By combining both algorithms, 99.87% of maximum accuracy was obtained from those three variables. New information which can be extracted from this research is that there are only three important variables to determine major placement in Senior High School, Average Scores of Matriculation, Interests and IQ followed by four supporting variables such as the scores of Mathematic, Physics, English and Economics in Matriculation.
Use of ladder snake media in improving student learning outcomes in mathematics learning in elementary school
Authors: Saputra Dudu Suhandi , Yuliati Yuyu , Rachmadtullah Reza
Published: November 2019

This research is motivated by the low student learning outcomes in mathematics learning. This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in class V Kancana State Elementary School by using Snake Ladder learning media. The research method used by the researcher was a classroom action research which collaborated with the fifth-grade teachers of Kancana Elementary School, with a total of 21 students in class V consisting of 6 male students and 15 female students. This research takes place in 3 cycles, each cycle consists of 3 actions. The techniques used in data collection are observation, tests, interviews, documentation, and field notes. The results showed that the use of snakes and ladder learning media could improve student learning outcomes in mathematics learning in class V of Kancana Elementary School.
Integrating Technology And Media In Learning Process
Authors: Sudarsana I Ketut , Mulyaningsih Indrya , Kurniasih Nuning , Haimah  , Wulandari Yunita Oktavia , Ramon Herdi , Satria Erwinsyah , Saddhono Kundharu , Nasution Fauziah , Abdullah Dahlan
Published: November 2019

When identifying the learning strategies to be used, the teacher must choose two types of teacher-centered strategies or student-centered strategies. The selection of this strategy is closely related to the integration of technology and media in a learning process. Specifically this integration becomes the presentation of a concept by displaying a video or reading a story, or showing how to conjure up a verb. The student-centered strategy is an activity that involves students in active learning, while the teacher’s position is more on the facilitator who will ensure that the learning objectives will be achieved. Integrating technology and media in a learning process will provide convenience and benefits not only to teachers but also students. Both teachers and students will be facilitated in learning that involves reading, writing, listening and listening to a material. Improving the quality of learning outcomes resulting from integrating technology and media will provide color for the development of Indonesia’s human resources in the future.
The Implementation of Backtracking Algorithm on Crossword Puzzle Games Based on Android
Authors: Nurdin  , Azhar Rizki , Abdullah Dahlan , Erliana Cut Ita , Nurdiawan Odi , Dikananda Arif Rinaldi , Rinaldi Ade Rizki , Sudrajat Dadang , Susanti Elva , Hasibuan Abdurrozzaq , Yuliwati  , Rahman Arief Aulia , Sudarsana I Ketut
Published: November 2019

The development of smartphones at this time is improving very fast and rapidly can affects to the renewal of all applications in the smartphone. At this time we can do anything with a smartphone in hand. In other hand smartphone also can reduce the saturation and boredom of many games made for smartphones. One of example is the crossword game application. Filling or playing crossword puzzles turns out many benefits, in addition to increasing the freshness of the mind from routine activities, this game can also add to our insight in various things, such as vocabulary, various important terms and popular words we often find in filling out cross-breeding. The backtracking algorithm is used to determine the exact steps to be taken in completing the crossword puzzle game. By using the backtracking algorithm, it is can expected the completion of the crossword puzzle game so this game can be more easily to solved. The system is built using Java with the ADT IDE for Eclipse as a programming language. The result of this final project is an application of a crossword puzzle game about the term computer and informatics that can give correct answers automatically.
Utilization of Local Fly Ash for Producing Self-Compacting Concrete
Authors: Alkhaly Yulius Rief , Ihsan M. Kabir
Published: November 2019

Self-compacting concrete (SCC) mixture is an innovation that aimed to ease concrete casting due to its characteristic can be compacted by self-weight without compacting or vibrating. The original SCC mixture which first developed by Okamura contains silica fume (SF) as supplementary material. In this study, fly ash (FA) was used as supplementary cementitious material for SF substitute. The variation of FA used in the mixtures of SCC concrete was 10%, 15%, and 20% by cement weight. For all variations of FA, the results of fresh concrete tests obtained workability that satisfactory to the SCC criteria for the slump flow, V-funnel, and L-shaped box tests. Furthermore, the results of hardened concrete tests achieved the compressive strength ranging from 40 to 46 MPa. These results indicate that local Aceh FA originating from Nagan Raya can be used as supplementary cementitious material to produce SCC with the compressive strength lay in high strength concrete categories.
The Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunch as the Potential Source of Biomass in Furfural Production in Indonesia: Preliminary Process Design and Environmental Perspective
Authors: Majesty K I , Herdiansyah H
Published: November 2019

Empty Palm Oil Fruit Bunches (EPOFB) is a residual biomass from Palm Oil Industry (POI), which known to be produced in large quantity in Indonesia every year. EPOFB is now regarded as a potential feedstock to produce a variety of renewable and valuable biofuel and bio-based chemicals that can be derived from sugar, cellulose, and lignocelluloses, including furfural. Furfural is a bio-based chemical that can be obtained from cellulose that is contained within empty palm oil fruit bunches (EPOFB). Furfural can be used as a platform chemical for the production of a wide range of value-added products, such as the fuel additive methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF), which is a more environmentally friendly alternative anti-knocking agent compared to lead. However, furfural has never reached commercial use in any significant volume because its industrial development was relatively slow due to the low yield is obtained in the process. This study will explain the potential of waste biomass as EPOFB that can be obtained from palm oil industry in Indonesia. This study will also decide the biorefinery technology design that is applicable in Indonesia to process to be used to convert cellulose and lignocelluloses from EPOFB to furfural; which contains three main stages: separation of the biomass, hydrolysis, and purification process. The process simulation results in 26.58% of distilled furfural from 50 ton/day EPOFB as the basis.
Conflict of Jakarta Bay Reclamation: Government Knowledge and Respond
Authors: Faiqotul Mutia Elok , Herdiansyah Herdis , Haryanto Joko Tri
Published: November 2019

The reclamation of Jakarta Bay is a main debate issue in late few years. Some central and provincial government institutions take different stances on the issue. This research tries to find out, why institution have different stances. This research uses a mix-method approach which is quantitative and qualitative. Data is obtained from in-depth interviews to stakeholders who are 3 experts from central government and 3 experts from provincial government. Furthermore, the data analysis is conducted with AHP to find out knowledge of 6 experts about what for reclamation is. AHP also find out, what they respond, pro or cons in conflict of Jakarta Baya reclamation. The results of the analysis from the central government show that the knowledge of experts seen Jakarta Bay Reclamation as social and environment issue (42.7%) and they choose to cons-reclamation (75.7%) for the respond. While the provincial government indicates that the knowledge of Jakarta Bay Reclamation is about Economical Issue (54.8%) and choose pro-reclamation (85.7%) because it will have a positive impact. This different perception becomes an obstacle in resolving the Jakarta Bay reclamation conflict.
The occurrence, size and geometry of geothermal resources in volcanic terrains
Authors: Waibel Albert F.
Published: November 2019

Volcanic terrains in general, and arc volcanic belts in particular, have been prime geothermal exploration targets as far back as the first geothermal power generation at Larderello, Italy, in 1904. The popularity of this terrain for geothermal exploration and development is based on the concept of young shallow magma bodies providing an abundance of shallow crustal heat and also on the presence of hot springs and fumaroles observed within these terrains. The success in developing these geothermal resources ranges from spectacular (e.g. Japan, Philippines, Indonesia, New Zealand, Italy, Iceland) to disappointing (e.g. Cascade Range of northwestern North America). The types, shapes and geometries of geothermal resources in volcanic terrain range in size from large broad three-dimensional fractured stockwork systems to narrow geothermal cell conduits. Effective and economic exploration and development of these resources is greatly improved by understanding the varying sizes and geometries of these resources and matching the exploration strategy design specifically for each exploration target rather than applying a single exploration formula and data interpretation model to all settings. Information from the mining industry provides valuable insight into the range in geometry and size of these resources. This body of knowledge should be used by the geothermal community: (1) for more effectively designing exploration programs specific; (2) to each prospect to interpret the body of exploration data in terms of site-specific geology and tectonics; (3) to integrate basic risk management best practices into exploration and development programs.
Structure, substance and near-surface magmatic chambers of Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes (Mutnovsky geothermal region, Kamchatka). II. Mutnovsky volcano
Authors: Selyangin O B
Published: November 2019

Rocks structure and composition and the history of Mutnovsky volcano development which is one of the most favorable objects of geotechnical exploration according to the situation in the infrastructure of Kamchatka and high energy of modern gas-hydrothermal activity are described. Its latest volcanic activity, eruption mechanisms are discussed, the forecast of activity and morphostructural evolution of the volcano is given.
Structure, substance and near-surface magmatic chambers of Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes (Mutnovsky geothermal region, Kamchatka). IV. Magma evolution of Mutnovsky and Gorely volcanoes. Geological and energetic aspects
Authors: Selyangin O B
Published: November 2019

Serial belonging and features of rocks evolution of the South-Kamchatka volcanoes Mutnovsky and Gorely occupying different positions in the structure of cross petrochemical zonality of island arc system are discussed. Basalt-riodacite rocks series of the Mutnovsky volcano was formed as a result of differentiation of parent magma of high-aluminous tholeiite composition with rare mixture of its derivatives. The rocks of Gorely volcano with similar range of silica acidity have increased potassium alkalinity and belong to the transition type from tholeiite to calc-alkali. Magma mixture of different stages of differentiation played a significant role to form it. This phenomenon confinedness to specific stages of volcanic systems evolution allows to estimate general energetic orientation of their development, with the increase or decrease of the share of the best heat capacity basalt substance in the material composition erupted by them.
Synthesis and photoluminescence properties of Sm3+ doped LaOCl phosphor with reddish orange emission and it’s Judd- Ofelt analysis
Authors: Yashodha S R , Dhananjaya N , Manjunath C
Published: November 2019

Present paper reports the study on luminescence and optical behaviour of samarium doped lanthanum oxychloride (LaOCl:Sm3+) nanophosphor for their potentiality in display devices. The conventional solid state route was employed to synthesize the phosphor La1-xSmxOCl (x = 0, 0.01, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07 and 0.09). Tetragonal phase of the prepared compound was confirmed by PXRD. An agglomerated and spherical like structure were seen of the samples from FE-SEM analysis. The Wood and Tauc relation was employed to find out band gap energy and is around 4.23 eV. At an excitation wavelength of 408 nm, a high intense peak of emission was observed at 608 nm for transitions (4G5/2 → 6H7/2) of Sm3+ ions in the PL spectra. Colour co-ordinates (X̄,Ȳ) were used for the analysis of measured photoluminescence spectra. For the optimized concentration of Sm3+ (La1-xSmxOCl with x = 0.05), the intensity parameters (Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6)were determined. The trend of Ω6 > Ω4 > Ω2 was observed. An emission cross section and Branching ratio are found to be 3.98 × 10−22 cm2 and 59% respectively for 4G5/2 → 6H7/2 transition that makes it suitable for laser designs and application. The obtained results reveal that the LaOCl phosphor doped with samarium can be used on the screens of optical electronic systems and also is suitable for emission of reddish orange colour.
Study on the effect of lithium nitrate in ionic conduction properties based alginate biopolymer electrolytes
Authors: Fuzlin A F , Bakri N A , Sahraoui B , Samsudin A S
Published: November 2019

In this present work, the conduction properties of biopolymer electrolytes (BEs) based alginate incorporation with LiNO3 was studied. FTIR analysis showed there is complexation occurred when incorporation with LiNO3 via COO− group of alginate. The interaction between alginate and LiNO3 shown an improvement in ionic conductivity of BEs where was increased from 3.24 × 10–7 S cm−1 for un-doped sample and achieved optimum value at 1.14 × 10–4 S cm−1 for sample containing with 15 wt. % LiNO3. The prepared samples shown that it has thermally assisted when the temperature is increased and shown Arrhenius behavior. Deconvolution approached revealed that the present ionic conduction of BEs influenced by ionic mobility and diffusion coefficient.
Neutron Compton Scattering: from proton momentum distribution to muonium hyperfine coupling constant in the isopropyl radical
Authors: Krzystyniak Matthew , Pratt Francis , Romanelli Giovanni
Published: November 2019

We establish a fast and reliable benchmarking protocol for predictions of Muon Spin Resonance observables. To this end, we apply neutron Compton scattering (NCS) to study the nuclear momentum distributions of the proton and deuteron in the condensed phase of the isopropyl and d-isopropyl alcohols. By subtracting the time-of-flight NCS spectra of both compounds we demonstrate that the proton momentum distribution in the OH group of isopropanol and the deuteron momentum distribution in the OD group in d-isopropyl can be studied selectively. The site-selective application of the NCS method enables the calculation of the magnitude of the frequency isotope effect for the proton in OH along the hydrogen bond direction. By comparing the magnitude of the frequency isotope effect with values predicted for simple model potentials we are able to perform the appraisal of the degree of anharmonicity of the OH proton environment. Assuming that the effective potential felt by the OH proton along the hydrogen-bond direction can be satisfactorily described by the Morse potential, we are able to calculate its dissociation constant D and decay constant a. Finally, assuming that the same Morse potential describes the local binding of Muonium in the mioniated isopropyl radical, we are able to predict its width of momentum and position distributions and the kinetic and zero-point energy. Based on these results, we are able to provide a conservative bound for the magnitude of the isotope effect on the muonium hyperfine interaction without resorting to a complicated and computationally expensive methodology based on the application of path integrals.
Widespread Gene Flow Model Explains the Genetic–Morphological Variation in a Giant Water Bug Species Under Fine-Scale Spatial Sampling
Authors: Stefanello Fabiano , Menezes Rodolpho S T , Ribeiro José Ricardo I , Almeida Eduardo A B
Published: November 2019

The population dynamics of freshwater organisms are expected to be related to the connectivity among comparable streams, ponds, or rivers in a patchy habitat. Here, we investigated the population dynamics of the giant water bug, Belostoma angustum Lauck 1964 (Hemiptera: Belostomatidae), in a fine-scale spatial sampling, and evaluated which gene flow model previously described for freshwater organisms could explain the genetic–morphological variation in this species. For these purposes, we evaluated genetic and morphological variations, as well as the demographic history of this freshwater insect. Our genetic analyses showed a lack of geographical structure within B. angustum populations across the evaluated range, concordant with widespread gene flow model. Our findings of the demographic history of B. angustum suggest recent and rapid expansion beginning during the late Pleistocene after the Last Glacial Maximum. Likewise, we did not find geographically structured morphological variation in B. angustum, except for body size. The lack of structure of genetic–morphological variation in B. angustum could be explained by a stepping ponds system resulting in the widespread gene flow detected among populations of this species. The warmer and wetter climatic conditions after the last glacial period may have favored the demographic expansion of B. angustum populations due to the increasing of potential freshwater habitats and food resources. This favorable habitat probably allowed the stepping ponds dispersal mode resulting in the verified geographically unstructured genetic–morphological variation.
Plant carotenoid cleavage oxygenases: structure–function relationships and role in development and metabolism
Authors: Dhar Manoj Kumar , Mishra Sonal , Bhat Archana , Chib Sudha , Kaul Sanjana
Published: November 2019

A plant communicates within itself and with the outside world by deploying an array of agents that include several attractants by virtue of their color and smell. In this category, the contribution of ‘carotenoids and apocarotenoids’ is very significant. Apocarotenoids, the carotenoid-derived compounds, show wide representation among organisms. Their biosynthesis occurs by oxidative cleavage of carotenoids, a high-value reaction, mediated by carotenoid cleavage oxygenases or carotenoid cleavage dioxygenases (CCDs)—a family of non-heme iron enzymes. Structurally, this protein family displays wide diversity but is limited in its distribution among plants. Functionally, this protein family has been recognized to offer a role in phytohormones, volatiles and signal production. Further, their wide presence and clade-specific functional disparity demands a comprehensive account. This review focuses on the critical assessment of CCDs of higher plants, describing recent progress in their functional aspects and regulatory mechanisms, domain architecture, classification and localization. The work also highlights the relevant discussion for further exploration of this multi-prospective protein family for the betterment of its functional understanding and improvement of crops.
GTDB-Tk: a toolkit to classify genomes with the Genome Taxonomy Database
Authors: Chaumeil Pierre-Alain , Mussig Aaron J , Hugenholtz Philip , Parks Donovan H
Published: November 2019

The Genome Taxonomy Database Toolkit (GTDB-Tk) provides objective taxonomic assignments for bacterial and archaeal genomes based on the GTDB. GTDB-Tk is computationally efficient and able to classify thousands of draft genomes in parallel. Here we demonstrate the accuracy of the GTDB-Tk taxonomic assignments by evaluating its performance on a phylogenetically diverse set of 10 156 bacterial and archaeal metagenome-assembled genomes.

Availability and implementation

GTDB-Tk is implemented in Python and licenced under the GNU General Public Licence v3.0. Source code and documentation are available at: https://github.com/ecogenomics/gtdbtk.

Supplementary information

Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
‘I Did What I Had to Do’: Loyalty and Sacrifice in Girls’ Narratives of Homicide in Southern Brazil
Authors: Otto Natália
Published: November 2019

This paper examines how criminalized teenage girls who have committed homicide reconcile violent practices with self-conceptions of femininity in their personal narratives. Data come from 13 biographical interviews with adolescent girls incarcerated in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Drawing from Bourdieusian theory and narrative criminology, I examine how gendered social structures shape how girls produce intelligible and morally coherent accounts of their crimes. I found that girls share a narrative habitus that allows for three different frames to make sense of violence: violence as a gendered resource, as a gendered failure and as a gendered dilemma. This paper contributes to a growing feminist narrative criminology that investigates how personal narratives of violence are embedded in gendered social structures.
Prognostic impact of solid-part tumour volume doubling time in patients with radiological part-solid or solid lung cancer
Authors: Setojima Yusuke , Shimada Yoshihisa , Tanaka Takehiko , Shigefuku Shunsuke , Makino Yojiro , Maehara Sachio , Hagiwara Masaru , Masuno Ryuichi , Yamada Takafumi , Kakihana Masatoshi , Kajiwara Naohiro , Ohira Tatsuo , Ikeda Norihiko
Published: November 2019

OBJECTIVES

The measurement of part-solid and whole tumour sizes in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using computed tomography (CT) has been widely accepted for assessing clinical outcomes. Although the volume doubling time (VDT) of a tumour is useful for distinguishing high-risk nodules from low-risk ones, it remains to be clarified whether separate calculation of whole-tumour VDT and solid-part tumour VDT (SVDT) greatly affects the survival rate of patients with radiologically node-negative part-solid or solid NSCLC.

METHODS

The study included 258 patients with NSCLC who had radiologically node-negative, part-solid or solid tumours and who had at least 2 preoperative CT scans taken more than 30 days apart followed by radical lobectomy and systemic lymph node dissection between January 2012 and December 2015. Univariable and multivariable analyses of recurrence-free survival were performed using the Cox proportional hazards regression model.

RESULTS

The mean whole-tumour VDT and SVDT were 375 and 458 days, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated that whole-tumour VDT (P = 0.003), SVDT (P < 0.001), solid-part tumour size, whole-tumour size and comorbidities significantly affected the recurrence-free survival. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve, the cut-off value of the SVDT for recurrence was 215 days, and the 5-year recurrence-free survival rates for patients with SVDT >215 days and those with SVDT <215 days were 85.7% and 43.0%, respectively (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION

The calculation of SVDT in patients with node-negative, part-solid or solid NSCLC is highly useful for predicting postoperative survival outcomes.
Cryoablation for persistent and longstanding persistent atrial fibrillation: results from a multicentre European registry
Authors: Sawhney Vinit , Schilling Richard J , Providencia Rui , Cadd Matthew , Perera Dhanuka , Chatha Salman , Mercer Ben , Finlay Malcolm , Halimi Franck , Pavin Dominique , Anselme Frederic , Cebron Jean-Pierre , Chun Jongi , Schmidt Boris , Defaye Pascal , Dhillon Gurpreet , Boveda Serge , Albenque Jean-Paul , Tayebjee Muzahir , de Asmundis Carlo , Chierchia Gianbattista , Hunter Ross J
Published: November 2019

Aims

Although cryoballoon pulmonary vein isolation is a well-established treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF), it’s role in persistent AF is unclear. We examined procedural success and long-term outcomes of cryoablation in persistent and longstanding persistent AF.

Methods and results

International multicentre registry from three UK and eight European centres. Consecutive patients undergoing cryoablation for persistent AF included. Procedural data, complications, and follow-up were prospectively recorded. Patients were followed-up at 3, 6, and 12 months with an electrocardiogram with open access to arrhythmia nurses thereafter. Ambulatory monitoring was dictated by symptoms. Success was defined as freedom from AF or atrial tachycardia lasting >30 s off antiarrhythmic drugs (AADs). Six hundred and nine consecutive cryoablation procedures. Mean procedure and fluoroscopy times were 95 ± 65 and 13 ± 10 min. Single procedure success rates were 368/602 (61%) off AADs over a median of 2.4 (1.0–4.0) years. Arrhythmia-free survival off AADs was 64% and 57% for persistent and longstanding persistent AF at 24 months of follow-up (P = 0.02). Rate of repeat ablations was 20% in persistent and 32% in longstanding persistent AF (P = 0.006). Cox regression analyses showed a significant association between duration of AF and left atrial diameter and arrhythmia recurrence [hazard ratio (HR) 1.05, P-value 0.01 and HR 1.02, P-value 0.004].

Conclusion

Cryoablation for persistent AF is safe, fast and has good outcomes at long-term follow-up. Cryoablation is reasonable as a first line option for these patients. Short procedure times may help increase capacity of cardiac units to meet the rising demand for AF ablation. Randomised control trials are needed to compare outcomes with different techniques.
Evolutionary basis of high-frequency hearing in the cochleae of echolocators revealed by comparative genomics
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhao Hanbo , Sun Keping , Huang Xiaobin , Jin Longru , Feng Jiang
Published: November 2019

High-frequency hearing is important for the survival of both echolocating bats and whales, but our understanding of its genetic basis is scattered and segmented. In this study, we combined RNA-Seq and comparative genomic analyses to obtain insights into the comprehensive gene expression profile of the cochlea and the adaptive evolution of hearing-related genes. A total of 144 genes were found to have been under positive selection in various species of echolocating bats and toothed whales, 34 of which were identified to be related to hearing behavior or auditory processes. Subsequently, multiple physiological processes associated with those genes were found to have adaptively evolved in echolocating bats and toothed whales, including cochlear bony development, antioxidant activity, ion balance, and homeostatic processes, along with signal transduction. In addition, abundant convergent/parallel genes and sites were detected between different pairs of echolocator species; however, no specific hearing-related physiological pathways were enriched by them and almost all of the convergent/parallel signals were selectively neutral, as previously reported. Notably, two adaptive parallel evolved sites in TECPR2 were shown to have been under positive selection, indicating their functional importance for the evolution of echolocation and high-frequency hearing in laryngeal echolocating bats. This study deepens our understanding of the genetic bases underlying high-frequency hearing in the cochlea of echolocating bats and toothed whales.
BRCA-related ATM-mediated DNA double-strand break repair and ovarian aging
Authors: Turan Volkan , Oktay Kutluk
Published: November 2019

BACKGROUND

Oocyte aging has significant clinical consequences, and yet no treatment exists to address the age-related decline in oocyte quality. The lack of progress in the treatment of oocyte aging is due to the fact that the underlying molecular mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. BRCA1 and 2 are involved in homologous DNA recombination and play essential roles in ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM)-mediated DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. A growing body of laboratory, translational and clinical evidence has emerged within the past decade indicating a role for BRCA function and ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair in ovarian aging.

OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE

Although there are several competing or complementary theories, given the growing evidence tying BRCA function and ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair mechanisms in general to ovarian aging, we performed this review encompassing basic, translational and clinical work to assess the current state of knowledge on the topic. A clear understanding of the mechanisms underlying oocyte aging may result in targeted treatments to preserve ovarian reserve and improve oocyte quality.

SEARCH METHODS

We searched for published articles in the PubMed database containing key words, BRCA, BRCA1, BRCA2, Mutations, Fertility, Ovarian Reserve, Infertility, Mechanisms of Ovarian Aging, Oocyte or Oocyte DNA Repair, in the English-language literature until May 2019. We did not include abstracts or conference proceedings, with the exception of our own.

OUTCOMES

Laboratory studies provided robust and reproducible evidence that BRCA1 function and ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair, in general, weakens with age in oocytes of multiple species including human. In both women with BRCA mutations and BRCA-mutant mice, primordial follicle numbers are reduced and there is accelerated accumulation of DNA DSBs in oocytes. In general, women with BRCA1 mutations have lower ovarian reserves and experience earlier menopause. Laboratory evidence also supports critical role for BRCA1 and other ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair pathway members in meiotic function. When laboratory, translational and clinical evidence is considered together, BRCA-related ATM-mediated DNA DSB repair function emerges as a likely regulator of ovarian aging. Moreover, DNA damage and repair appear to be key features in chemotherapy-induced ovarian aging.

WIDER IMPLICATIONS

The existing data suggest that the BRCA-related ATM-mediated DNA repair pathway is a strong candidate to be a regulator of oocyte aging, and the age-related decline of this pathway likely impairs oocyte health. This knowledge may create an opportunity to develop targeted treatments to reverse or prevent physiological or chemotherapy-induced oocyte aging. On the immediate practical side, women with BRCA or similar mutations may need to be specially counselled for fertility preservation.