bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Approach to the POGO stability analysis of a liquid-propellant “core and strap-on boosters” launch vehicle
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Pylypenko O.V. , Nikolayev O.D. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Bashliy I.D. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Khoriak N.V. ,   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine
Published: October 2022

The “core and strap-on boosters” layout of launch vehicle (LV) stages is quite common in heavy LV development. However, POGO oscillations in liquid-propellant LVs with this stage layout have some features. It is shown that the structure of LVs of this type as a dynamic object has a dense spectrum of natural frequencies and complex spatial mode shapes. The longitudinal oscillations of the identical elements of the LV side strap-on boosters may be in phase or in antiphase, while the longitudinal mode shapes of the LV central core and strap-on boosters may differ both in phase and in amplitude. In flight, the thrust of the engines of the side strap-on boosters may also oscillate in phase or in antiphase, as a result of which the interaction of the LV structure with the sustainer propulsion systems of the side strap-on boosters may have both a stabilizing and a destabilizing effect on the POGO stability of a liquid-propellant LV. This paper presents a mathematical model of the “liquid-propellant propulsion systems – LV structure” dynamic system. The model describes the interaction of the longitudinal vibrations of the structure of a two-stage “core and strap-on boosters” LV with the core and strap-on booster propulsion systems. The free longitudinal vibrations of the structure of a ‘core and strap-on boosters’ LV were simulated using computer-aided finite element design tools (CAE systems). The simulation was the first to account for the dissipation of the liquid propellant and LV structure oscillation energy. The paper suggests an approach to analyzing the POGO stability of liquid-propellant “core and strap-on boosters” LVs with the use of the Nyquist criterion generalized to the case of multidimensional dynamic systems. The approach is based on opening the thrust feedback loops of the “liquid-propellant propulsion systems – structure” closed-loop dynamic system and studying the stability of the one-channel systems obtained in this way. Based on the proposed approach, the interaction between the longitudinal vibrations of the “core and strap-on boosters” LV structure and low-frequency processes in the liquid-propellant sustainer propulsion systems of the LV first stage was studied numerically.
Characterization of a resonant system based on a rectangular waveguide with two diaphragms
Authors:   Institute of Technical Mechanics of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine and the State Space Agency of Ukraine, Grymaliuk I.V.
Published: October 2022

Microwave methods for the study and control of the dielectric properties of substances using regular and irregular rectangular metal waveguides have many applications and are of great practical interest. The dielectric properties of materials are assessed based on the determination of the reflection and transmission coefficients in a resonant system. This article considers resonant phenomena of electromagnetic oscillations in a prismatic cavity based on a length of a rectangular waveguide with two diaphragms and with a dielectric specimen in the form of a cylinder centrally positioned between them. The goal of this work is to evaluate the resonant properties of a prismatic cavity based on a length of a rectangular waveguide with two diaphragms as a function of the geometrical dimensions of the rectangular diaphragm windows, the distance between the diaphragms, and the dimensions and dielectric properties of the specimen located at the center of the waveguide length. By computer simulation, the resonant properties of the system were determined as a function of the dielectric constant and diameter of the specimen and the geometrical dimensions of the diaphragm windows. It was found that for each value of the specimen diameter there exists a maximum allowable value of the dielectric constant at which the resonant properties of the system are kept in a selected operating frequency range. The effect of the height of the diaphragm windows on the resonant frequency of a prismatic cavity and the reflection and transmission coefficients was studied, and the behavior of the intrinsic Q factor was assessed qualitatively. A minimum possible diaphragm window height was found such that both the required coupling between the rectangular cavity and the external microwave line is provided and the maximum value of the loaded Q factor in the absence of a dielectric specimen is kept. The results of this work may be used in the design of high-frequency sensors for controlling the dielectric properties of materials in various industries.
Extensive/Nonextensive Statistics for pT Distributions of Various Charged Particles Produced in p + p and A + A Collisions in a Wide Range of Energies
Authors: Yassin H. , Tawfik A.N. , Abo Elyazeed E.R.
Published: October 2022

A comprehensive review on various experimental parametrizations proposed to fit the transverse momentum distributions of charged pions, kaons, and protons produced at energies ranging between 7.7 GeV and 2.76 TeV is introduced. We present a systematic study for their statistical fits to the extensive Maxwell–Boltzmann (MB) and nonextensive statistics (generic axiomatic statistics and the Tsallis one as a special case). The inconsistency that the MB approach is to be utilized in characterizing the chemical freezeout, while the Tsallis approach determining the kinetic freezeout is discussed. The resulting energy dependence of the different fit parameters largely varies with the particle species and the degree of (non)extensivity. This manifests itself in that the Tsallis nonextensive approach seems to work well for p + p, rather than for A + A collisions. Nevertheless, discussing the deeper physical insights of nonextensive statistical approaches is not targeted, drawing a complete picture of the utilization of the Tsallis statistics in modeling the transverse momentum distributions of several charged particles produced at a wide range of energies and, accordingly, presenting a criticism or a support of the relevant works. This may be considered as the main advantage of this review.
Havlův guláš – czyli o nowych neologizmach motywowanych nazwiskami czeskich polityków (na materiale Czeszczyzny 2.0.)
Authors: Korbut Joanna
Published: October 2022

The present article is devoted to the newest neologisms collected and presented in Čeština 2.0, unusually crowdsourced online dictionary. The analysed lexems are motivated by surnames or nicknames of the Czech politician. The author draws attention to how the politician are perceived by internauts and to how it is reflected in language. Special attention is given to the structure and semantic of new words which are used by the Czech internauts. Research shows that most of the analysed neologism can be considered as a nonce word (occasionalism). They are created for a particular occasion (as a Čeština 2.0) and are not accepted into mainstream use. Only some of them will be used un everyday communication. This study also allows to understand how Czechs are involved in politics
Contextual Islamic Theology – Contemporary (A Study of Hasan Hanafi's Contextual Theology)
Authors: Deswita Deswita , Azizah Gazali Hidayatul
Published: October 2022

In the development of modernity, Religion is often criticized, which then in response to that criticism, people began to question again and look for the most authentic relationship between religion and modern problems. The response appears in various forms of renewal of religious understanding based on the context that occurs. Among the forms of renewal, it is colored by the emergence of Hasan Hanafi's contextual theology with liberation theology, Modernist Theology that desires to modernize the Muslims, trans formative theology that wants to realize the transformation of Muslims societies and inclusive theology that invites Muslims to live an Inclusive religious life, tolerance and respect for religious pluralism. This research is library research with a focus on contemporary contextual theology. Data is collected through documentation techniques that collect data contained in various books, printed journals and online journals. The data that the author has collected was then analyzed deductively. From this research, it can be concluded that this contextual theology talks about God and His relationship with humans both based on revelation and reason. While contemporary theology is theological thoughts that emerged in contemporary times, which emerged to modernize or advance Muslims, realizing the transformation of Muslim society so that they can achieve progress, and the development of religious understanding and life that is inclusive, tolerant, and respectful of religious pluralism.
Evidence for helical microstructure of aragonite fibers in pteropod shells
Authors: Checa Antonio G. , Pimentel Carlos , Berent Katarzyna , Ramos-Silva Paula , Rodríguez-Navarro Alejandro B. , Cartwright Julyan H. E. , Sainz-Díaz Claro I.
Published: October 2022

Planktonic gastropods of the suborder Euthecosomata (order Pteropoda) secrete a unique microstructure made of tightly interlocked, space-filling helically coiled aragonite fibers. This material has a high degree of ordering because all fibers are in phase at a given growth plane. The recognition of the helical nature from mere scanning electron micrographs is somewhat uncertain. In addition, three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of individual helices are hindered by the small dimensions of fibers, and the virtual absence of intervening organic interphases. Here, we (1) reexamine the morphological characteristics of the fibers in fracture and find them compatible with a helical model, (2) provide direct evidence of the helical mode of coiling in the form of anaglyphs, and (3) develop a 3D model, which is fully consistent with the patterns observed in fractures and polished sections. Proposals based on motifs different from helices are not congruent with the observations.

Graphical abstract

Impact statement

Some planktonic gastropods of the order Pteropoda secrete a unique microstructure that was originally described as made of tightly interlocked helically coiled continuous aragonite fibers. Despite this material having been described 50 years ago, there is still debate as to the helical design of such fibers. We provide additional unambiguous evidence that fibers describe true helical trajectories during growth. Establishing their true nature is essential in order to know the spectrum of calcified biomaterials produced by molluscs. This is also a prerequisite for future biomimetic studies aiming at producing bioinspired highly functional materials.
Quality Analysis of Intelligence Structure Test 2000 Revision (IST 2000R) Items in Indonesian
Authors: Tarigan Medianta , Fadillah Fadillah
Published: October 2022

This study aimed to test the quality of item analysis in the Indonesian IST 2000R using the Item Response Theory (IRT) method and participants comprising 1780 students aged 16-20. IRT 3PL analysis and DIF examination showed that the Indonesian IST 2000R had good item quality, with an improvement in IST 70. The discriminatory power parameter (ɑ) of the verbal category items was high. Furthermore, the difficulty level parameter (b) indicated that more than 50% of the items on the IST 2000R are in the average category. In the guessing probability parameter (c), 8 of 9 subtests showed that more than 50% of the items are in a low category. Overall, the Indonesian IST 2000R has a small gender bias because all subtests obtained more than 60% in category A.
Development of Student Academic Performance Determinants Using Rasch Model Analysis
Authors: Istiqomah Istiqomah , Hasanati Nida
Published: October 2022

This study aims to develop an instrument to determine students' academic performance. In this case, a quantitative design was used, with a random sampling technique utilized in selecting 415 students from the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. Data analysis was also carried out using Rasch Model. Based on the fit item criteria analysis, 5 misfit elements were each observed for the Mean and Standard Deviation logit and MNSQ (Mean Square) outfit. This indicated that the most difficult and easiest questions were numbers 47 and 10, respectively. For regional and school origins, the items containing differential function questions were 2 and 9, respectively. The reliability of the measuring instrument, item, and person was also 83, 98, and 79. In addition, only 7 of the 67 utilized items did not meet the required criteria and the remaining were completely accepted.
Diagnostic approach to chronic bowel diseases in children
Authors: Yaroshevska Tetiana , Skriabina Kateryna
Published: October 2022

Diagnosing inflammatory bowel diseases in children and differentiating them from functional disorders is complicated based on clinical assessment, laboratory data, and radiological, endoscopic, and histological signs. Therefore, in paediatrics, substantial attention has been given to standard invasive evaluation methods. Recently, research efforts have been directed towards using faecal calprotectin as a sensitive non-invasive stool test.

The aim of the research was to study the diagnostic value of faecal calprotectin in pediatric chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. The paper discusses faecal calprotectin's diagnostic and monitoring role in 35 children aged 3 to 17 years with ulcerative colitis, non-specific non-ulcerative colitis, and irritable bowel syndrome. The concentration of the faecal calprotectin level was examined by ELISA using monoclonal antibodies.

Results. The study shows that in patients with non-specific ulcerative and non-ulcerative colitis, the faecal calprotectin level exceeds the normal ranges 2-5 times, corresponding to clinical and morphological manifestations of the diseases and the level of inflammatory markers. However, this biological marker does not exceed the average values in children with irritable bowel syndrome.

Conclusions. The faecal calprotectin test allows us to differentiate organic and functional intestinal diseases, monitor chronic inflammatory bowel disease activity dynamics, and estimate treatment effectiveness. Applying the faecal calprotectin test within the framework of primary medical care can decrease the number of referrals for invasive endoscopic, laboratory, and radiologic examinations in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel diseases
A cross-sectional study of psychopathology, quality of life and caregiver burden in caregivers of cancer patients
Authors: Sanjeevani Gangaraboina , Ramakanth Paniharam , Chaitanya Adhi
Published: October 2022

Caregivers of cancer patients were prone to deterioration of their QOL due to the caregiving burden. A high caregiving burden and low QOL were common among CG. In India, only a few studies were done on the caregivers of cancer patients. Hence this study was undertaken.

The aim: To study psychopathology, quality of life and burden in caregivers of cancer patients

Materials and methods: The study was done on 100 caregivers of cancer patients attending after fulfilling the inclusion criteria. A semi-structured Proforma was administrated to collect the socio-demographic details. Following by Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI), WHO-QOL and Burden assessment scale was administered to the caregivers. Data were analysed using SPSS. Descriptive statistics, Pearson and Spearman Correlations and ANOVA were used.

Results: 31 % of caregivers suffer from generalised anxiety disorders (15 %) and depression (16 %). The environmental domain of QOL (mean-18.2, SD-15.4) was the most affected. 83 % of caregivers experienced a moderate burden, and 17 % had a severe burden. These variables are significantly associated with caregiver relation with patient and socio-economic status (<0.05). A significant correlation was found between Psychiatric morbidity, QOL and Burden in caregivers.

Conclusion: psychiatric morbidity, quality of life and burden in CGs influence one another. The least attention was paid to caregivers' mental health, many of them left unidentified and untreated. These results highlight the need to educate them about mental health and counsel and treat them for their psychiatric problems
Construction of homogeneous solutions in the torsion problem for a transversally isotropic sphere with variable elastic moduli
Authors: Yusubova Sevinc
Published: October 2022

The object of research is the problem of torsion for a radially inhomogeneous transversally isotropic sphere and the study based on this three-dimensional stress-strain state.
To establish the scope of applicability of existing applied theories and to create more refined applied theories of inhomogeneous shells, it is important to study the stress-strain state of inhomogeneous bodies based on three-dimensional equations of elasticity theory.
The problem of torsion of a radially inhomogeneous transversally isotropic non-closed sphere containing none of the poles 0 and π is considered. It is believed that the elastic moduli are linear functions of the radius of the sphere. It is assumed that the lateral surface of the sphere is free from stresses, and arbitrary stresses are given on the conic sections, leaving the sphere in equilibrium.
The formulated boundary value problem is reduced to a spectral problem. After fulfilling the homogeneous boundary conditions specified on the side surfaces of the sphere, a characteristic equation is obtained with respect to the spectral parameter. The corresponding solutions are constructed depending on the roots of the characteristic equation. It is shown that the solution corresponding to the first group of roots is penetrating, and the stress state determined by this solution is equivalent to the torques of the stresses acting in an arbitrary section θ=const. The solutions corresponding to the countable set of the second group of roots have the character of a boundary layer localized in conic slices. In the case of significant anisotropy, some boundary layer solutions decay weakly and can cover the entire region occupied by the sphere.
On the basis of the performed three-dimensional analysis, new classes of solutions (solutions having the character of a boundary layer) are obtained, which are absent in applied theories. In contrast to an isotropic radially inhomogeneous sphere, for a transversely isotropic radially inhomogeneous sphere, a weakly damped boundary layer solution appears, which can penetrate deep far from the conical sections and change the picture of the stress-strain state.
Development of technologies for selecting energy-efficient power supply circuits of railway traction networks
Authors: Domanskyi Valerii , Domanskyi Illia , Zakurdai Svitlana , Liubarskyi Dmytro
Published: October 2022

The object of the study is the process of operation of traction and external power supply systems as objects of inextricable interconnection while reducing energy costs in the cost of railway transportation in real time. One of the most problematic areas is the technology for choosing energy-efficient power supply schemes for railway traction networks in real time. The methods of forming and transforming graphs of complex schemes of traction and external power supply systems and building expert control systems for the implementation of energy-saving technologies of electrified railways were further developed in the work.
In the course of the study, to increase the efficiency of simulation modeling of electric traction networks, the statistical characteristics of the loads of feeders that supply the final boundary sections, stations, depot access tracks, railway junctions and idle voltages on the traction substation tires were obtained. Methods of calculation and modeling of traction power supply have been developed, which take into account the inseparable relationship with power systems and allow choosing rational modes with minimal power flows and energy losses. Proposed methods of managing the modes of operation of the traction power supply system based on a vague description of their states and an expert system that allow solving new problems. Including, the choice of energy-saving power supply schemes in the case of power flows, economic modes of network operation in case of intensification of the transportation process. Thanks to this, ways of reducing power consumption and minimizing energy losses of traction power supply systems are proposed, which allow minimizing power flows and power losses by adjusting load flow parameters and voltage levels of traction substations. And also to increase the energy efficiency of electrified railway lines.
The technique of technical and economic feasibility of power supply schemes of traction networks and evaluation of the possibility of switching to cantilever or loop power supply schemes with parallel connection points has been developed. The implemented recommendations save about 25 thousand kWh per 1 km of two-track section.
Homo viator e liturgia: o impacto da liturgia na identidade do ser humano caminhante e a Festa Ágape como modelo
Authors: De Almeida Jonadab Domingues
Published: October 2022

Este artigo aborda a maneira como a liturgia impacta o homo viator, este ser em constante movimento e transformação, no caminho. Considera a liturgia cristã como um acontecimento delimitado no tempo e no espaço, e também, como algo constante na caminhada da vida, celebrada pelas pessoas e comunidades, com a perspectiva de que, entre o ponto de origem e o destino final, o caminho percorrido seja ambiente propício em que o homo viator celebra liturgicamente a sua fé e vida. Aborda sobre O tempo e o espaço da liturgia, em relação à identidade do homo viator; sobre O papel formador dos ritos na identidade do homo viator e a liturgia como caminho; e sobre Modelos e estruturas de culto e sua influência no homo viator, com apresentação da Festa Ágape, como exemplo de celebração litúrgica que impacta de forma significativa o ser humano caminhante em sua vida pessoal e comunitária.
Experimental and numerical study on SMA modified with an encapsulated polymeric healing agent
Authors: Inozemtcev Sergey , Jelagin Denis , Korolev Evgeniy , Fadil Hassan , Partl Manfred N. , Do Trong Toan
Published: October 2022

The present study aims at experimentally and numerically investigating the effect an encapsulated healing agent on the mechanical characteristics of a stone mastic asphalt (SMA). As a healing agent a thiol-containing urethane AR-polymer is used in this study. In order to gain a numerical insight into mechanical behavior of the capsules in SMA, a micromechanical finite element modeling is employed. The developed model allows capturing the stresses induced in the capsules at different load cases applied to the SMA on macro-scale. Particular attention is paid presently to the numerical evaluation of the local stress state that arises around capsules during compaction, operation, and also during crack initiation. SMA mixtures with various volumetric contents of healing capsules were manufactured and the capsules survival during mixture production was evaluated based on X-Ray Computed Tomography measurements. The effect of capsules on the self-healing properties of asphalt mixtures has furthermore been examined with repeated compressive strength tests. The obtained experimental results indicate that the absolute majority of capsules survive mixture production, and that their addition increases the SMA strength recovery during the healing period. The experimental and numerical results concerning capsules breakage are found to be in reasonable agreement. The developed micromechanical model may thus potentially provide a useful tool for optimization of capsules mechanical properties in order to improve their survival during mixture production as well as their timely activation.
Long-Read Sequencing Identifies Novel Pathogenic Intronic Variants in Gitelman Syndrome
Authors: Viering Daan H.H.M. , Hureaux Marguerite , Neveling Kornelia , Latta Femke , Kwint Michael , Blanchard Anne , Konrad Martin , Bindels René J.M. , Schlingmann Karl-Peter , Vargas-Poussou Rosa , de Baaij Jeroen H.F.
Published: October 2022

Significance Statement

Gitelman syndrome is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC12A3, which encodes the thiazide-sensitive sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC). A subset of patients with Gitelman syndrome has only one specific pathogenic variant identified. In this study, long-read sequencing identified 46 previously undetected variants in 95 patients with suspected Gitelman syndrome. A midigene splice assay confirmed the pathogenicity of intronic variants. The data show that both intronic and exonic variants were missed previously and that former detection of one SLC12A3 variant predicts identification of an additional variant. The findings advocate long-read sequencing, complemented with a midigene splice assay, for intronic variants, as a second-tier diagnostic test in patients with one pathogenic SLC12A3 variant.

Background

Gitelman syndrome is a salt-losing tubulopathy characterized by hypokalemic alkalosis and hypomagnesemia. It is caused by homozygous recessive or compound heterozygous pathogenic variants in SLC12A3, which encodes the Na+-Cl− cotransporter (NCC). In up to 10% of patients with Gitelman syndrome, current genetic techniques detect only one specific pathogenic variant. This study aimed to identify a second pathogenic variant in introns, splice sites, or promoters to increase the diagnostic yield.

Methods

Long-read sequencing of SLC12A3 was performed in 67 DNA samples from individuals with suspected Gitelman syndrome in whom a single likely pathogenic or pathogenic variant was previously detected. In addition, we sequenced DNA samples from 28 individuals with one variant of uncertain significance or no candidate variant. Midigene splice assays assessed the pathogenicity of novel intronic variants.

Results

A second likely pathogenic/pathogenic variant was identified in 45 (67%) patients. Those with two likely pathogenic/pathogenic variants had a more severe electrolyte phenotype than other patients. Of the 45 patients, 16 had intronic variants outside of canonic splice sites (nine variants, mostly deep intronic, six novel), whereas 29 patients had an exonic variant or canonic splice site variant. Midigene splice assays of the previously known c.1670-191C>T variant and intronic candidate variants demonstrated aberrant splicing patterns.

Conclusion

Intronic pathogenic variants explain an important part of the missing heritability in Gitelman syndrome. Long-read sequencing should be considered in diagnostic workflows for Gitelman syndrome.
Fransa’daki İki Dilli Türk Çocuklarının Türkçe Dil Becerilerinin Gözlemlenmesi (Paris ve Normandiya Örnekleri)
Authors: SÖNMEZ Hülya , AKINCI Mehmet Ali
Published: October 2022

Bu araştırmada Fransa’daki ilkokul çağı iki dilli Türk çocuklarının Türkçe konuşma, yazma, okuma ve dinleme becerileri incelenmiştir. Öğrencilerin dil becerilerini gözlemlemek amacıyla araştırmacılar tarafından gözlem formu hazırlanmıştır. Gözlem formu; temel dil becerileri, beceri alanı ve dil göstergesi olarak yapılandırılmıştır. Yetmiş dört öğrenciden toplanan gözlem verileri, SPSS 25 programı vasıtasıyla çözümlenmiştir. Öğrencilerin Türkçe yeterlilik düzeyleri, ana dili üzerinde etkili olduğu varsayılan bağımsız değişkenlerin etkisi ve dil becerilerinin birbiriyle olan ilişkisi belirlenmiştir. Analizler sonucunda dört becerideki toplam ortalama değerlerin farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Yapılan fark testlerinde bağımsız değişkenlerin öğrencilerin okuma, yazma, konuşma ve dinleme becerileri üzerinde farklı anlamlı sonuçlar oluşturduğu belirlenmiştir. Yapılan ilişki analizinde ise dört temel dil becerisinin birbiriyle ilişkili olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuç olarak Fransa’da Türkçe eğitiminin birleştirilmiş sınıf ve iki dillilerin öğrenme özelliklerine göre düzenlenmesi gerektiği tespit edilmiştir. Bu iki hususa göre Fransa’daki Türk çocuklarına uygun öğretim materyallerinin (öğretim programı ve çevrim içi öğretim modülleri, ders kitabı) hazırlanması gerektiği önerilmiştir.
Investigación Formativa durante la Pandemia por Covid-19
Authors:   Universidad Católica de Cuenca- Sede Azogues, Torres Criollo Larry Miguel , Campoverde Cisneros Manuel Alfredo ,   Universidad de Cuenca, Reyes Reinoso Johanna Rosalí ,   Universidad Católica de Cuenca
Published: October 2022

La llegada de una nueva patología viral- contagiosa y devastadora, cambio drásticamente la salud pública en todo el mundo, con gran impacto psicológico, económico y social. En China, Wuhan, Hubei, a finales de diciembre de 2019, se presentó una nueva patología respiratoria llamada COVID-19. Esta enfermedad es causada por un nuevo virus coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). La rápida diseminación de ésta enfermedad, llevó a que la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), el 11 de marzo del 2020, a declararla como pandemia. En Ecuador, el primer caso se produjo el 29 de febrero de 2020, en una paciente, de sexo femenino, de 71 años, que viajó desde Madrid el 14 de febrero de 2020. Desde entonces, los casos han aumentado exponencialmente, teniendo a la fecha 25 de octubre de 2022, más de un millón de casos confirmados, y 35,908 fallecidos.
Variantes de cepas de Covid-19
Authors:   Universidad de Cuenca, Campoverde Cisneros Manuel Alfredo , Arcentales Cayamcela Mauro Javier ,   BIONCOGEN, Torres Criollo Larry Miguel ,   Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Ycaza Zurita María Gabriela ,   Universidad de Guayaquil, Arévalo Jara Jonnathan Fabricio ,   Universidad Católica de Cuenca, Vera Siguenza Juan Sebastian ,   Universidad Católica de Cuenca
Published: October 2022

Por primera vez se detectó el corona virus 2019 (COVID -19) en China a finales del 2019 y se declaró pandemia el 11 de marzo de 2020. Al tratarse de un virus con un alto potencial de mutación evoluciona a cepas muy agresivas y otras menos, esto se evidencia en las múltiples investigaciones, aactualmente el tratamiento se basa en múltiples terapias para prevenir problemas respiratorios, una de las formas más eficientes es la terapia antiviral y vacunación.
El papel de la familia en el desarrollo de las habilidades requeridas para acceder y permanecer en el mercado laboral: una revisión panorámica de la literatura
Authors: Leyva Townsend Pamela , García Alonso Roberto , Rodríguez Rincón Ross Mery , Paz Medina Marialucía
Published: October 2022

Resumen: Objetivo. Conocer cuál es el papel de la familia en el desarrollo de las habilidades para acceder y permanecer en el mercado laboral. Metodología. Enfoque cualitativo, método documental y alcance descriptivo. Se realizó una búsqueda panorámica de la literatura en las bases de datos suscritas por la Universidad de La Sabana y Google Académico. Posteriormente, se realizó una categorización abierta y cerrada y se procedió a hacer su análisis. Resultados y conclusión. Se encontró un vacío de la literatura en cuanto al papel de la familia en el desarrollo de dichas habilidades. Se encontró que gran parte de los documentos hacen referencia a la importancia del desarrollo de las habilidades en poblaciones vulnerables. Igualmente, se encontró que los programas para el desarrollo de las habilidades evidencian la importancia del desarrollo de las habilidades no solo para quienes las requieren, sino también en padres y cuidadores, quienes enseñan por medio del modelaje.
A Critical Evaluation of the Use of Sanctions Clauses in Letters of Credit
Authors: Lupton Cayle
Published: October 2022

With the sharp increase in sanctions-related compliance requirements and expectations over the last decade, banks have sought various methods to mitigate the legal risk of engaging sanctioned persons or entities. The inclusion of so-called sanctions clauses in commercial contracts is one such method. In this article the author explores the use of sanctions clauses specifically in letters of credit, a practice which appears to be gaining ground. More particularly, the article explores the issues associated with the non-documentary nature of sanctions clauses, as well as the question whether the mandate given by the issuing bank to the nominated bank in respect of a letter of credit containing a sanctions clause meets the requirements of a valid contract. The author contends that sanctions clauses militate against conventional letter-of-credit practice and seriously undermine the irrevocable nature of the issuing bank's payment obligations. This is especially the case when a reference is made in a sanctions clause to internal sanctions policies or a discretion of the issuing bank in relation to honouring the credit. Consequently, banks would be well-advised not to use sanctions clauses, but if contemplated, then a reference to internal policies or a discretion of the issuing bank must be avoided at all costs. This much is in alignment with the views of leading international organisations.
The Steinhoff Corporate Scandal and the Protection of Investors Who Purchased Shares on the Secondary Market
Authors: Van der Linde Kathleen E
Published: October 2022

The December 2017 revelations of accounting irregularities in the Steinhoff group resulted in the share price dropping more than 95%. Investors, including pension funds, lost millions.
This contribution deals with some of the legal issues arising from the misstatement of the financial position of Steinhoff International Holdings NV and its South African predecessor Steinhoff International Holdings Ltd, which resulted in the inflation of its quoted share price. It considers how retail and institutional investors who had acquired their shares through trades on the regulated secondary market might recover the losses they suffered. The administrative penalty provisions in relation to market abuse are briefly considered but shown to be of very limited application as regards compensation to investors.
Common-law delictual liability and statutory civil liability in terms of section 218(2) and section 20(6) of the Companies Act are considered in the context of the first reported attempt at the certification of a shareholder class action. Unfortunately, both the potential statutory remedies were interpreted so restrictively by the court in the class action certification application that they would hardly serve any purpose. The interpretations are shown to cause anomalies in the context of the Companies Act and to be out of step with established principles of company law. Also, the certification court's application of the reflective loss and proper plaintiff principles is questioned.
Some of these issues might have been solved through further litigation, but for statutory compromise and composition mechanisms that brought a mutually acceptable early end to the uncertainty of protracted litigation.
‘I take, and I am taken, by what belongs to philosophy’: Philosophy and the redemption of democracy
Authors: Mohan Shaj , Adams Rachel
Published: October 2022

This Structured Conversation is between Dr Shaj Mohan and Dr Rachel Adams. Dr Adams interviewed Dr Mohan – a leading and radical philosopher of the subaltern continent – on his work on anastasis and a world after critique, as part of the Conversations with Global Thinkers series of Science Forum South Africa 2020.
Characterization and biological activity of two new entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana strains isolated from Hyphantria cunea larvae in Turkey
Authors: BAYRAMOĞLU Zeynep
Published: October 2022

In this study, two fungal strains (HC-Z1 and HC-Z2) from Hyphantria cunea (fall webworm) larvae were evaluated for their potential as biocontrol agents against the H. cunea larvae. Based on morphological and molecular (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region) characterization, the strains were identified as Beauveria bassiana (HC-Z1: OP415530 and HC-Z2: OP415531). To determine the biological activities of the two fungal strains, a concentration-response assay (1 × 104-8 conidia/ml) was performed against third stage H. cunea larvae. In addition, two B. bassiana strains were tested on five (1-5) larval stages at 1 × 107 conidia/ml concentration. Both isolates produced mortalities over 96% within 7 days for the first larval stage of H. cunea. The LC50 and LT50 of HC-Z1 and HC-Z2 strains against third instar H. cunea larvae were calculated as 0.6 × 104 and 1.2 × 104 conidia/ml, respectively. LT50 values were obtained in 2.82 and 3.44 days for HC-Z1 and HC-Z2 isolates, respectively. As a result, it can be concluded that HC-Z1 and HC-Z2 strains can potentially be used as biological control agents against H. cunea.
Tokuyasu processing and immuno-electron microscopy of cells v1
Authors: C Danne Jillian
Published: October 2022

Ultrastructural morphological information is routinely obtained from the processing of cells and tissue into plastics for transmission electron microscopy imaging. This technique involves the use of strong chemical fixatives, solvents and resins, which destroy the antigenicity of samples. Freezing samples to a vitreous state using cryo-electron microscopy techniques preserves ultrastructure without the use of harsh chemicals, however, immunolabelling cannot be achieved at temperatures as low as -196 degrees Celsius. Here we describe a protocol for the Tokuyasu technique for cryopreservation and immunolabelling of subcellular structures in cells. Cells are lightly chemically fixed and cryoprotected in sucrose before freezing in liquid nitrogen. Cells are sectioned by cryo-ultramicrotomy and retrieved cryo-sections are thawed. Thawed cryo-sections are then immunolabelled, stained and imaged using a transmission electron microscope.
OT-2 Counter-Selection v1
Authors: Mariya Anhel Ana
Published: October 2022

This protocol is meant to select the samples from 1 source plate that has been growing in different conditions and has different values for these different conditions, one condition gives higher values and the other lower values. From this selected samples this protocol create final plates with 2 types of reactives The instructions for running this protocol are a python script for an Opentrons 2 robot and need a csv file with several variables setted making the protocol modular to reactives, volumes of transfer, type of plates, etc. In our lab we are selecting samples by their after night OD in 2 different antibiotics and create PCR plates (with water) and stock plates (with glycerol), but it can be used with other selection characteristics as expression of GFP and with other types of reactives.
High-throughput workflow for the genotypic characterization of transposon library variants v1
Authors: Alejaldre Lorea
Published: October 2022

This is a workflow for the genotypic characterization of transposon library variants. It has been developed using an open-source Opentrons OT-2 robot, BLASTN for genomic annotations and modular sub-protocols (e.g., PCR sample preparation, OT-2 volume transfer, OT-2 counter selection, etc) that can be used for other tasks, thus providing a general-purpose pipeline. All steps follow a 96-well plate format for high-throughput analysis. The protocol is described for the characterization of transposon library variants generated with SEVA-Sib pBAMD1-x and pBLAM1-x plasmid sets that follow Standard European Vector Architecture (SEVA, https://seva-plasmids.com) and can be amplified with the standard PS1-PS6 primers. After the description of the protocol we present the results of an example generated at our laboratory (https://biocomputationlab.com) using the soil bacterium Pseudomonas putida KT2440 as acceptor strain.
Una redefinición de la violencia trascendental desde la vergüenza y el menosprecio de sí
Authors: Alvarado Grecco Daniel Salvador
Published: October 2022

El concepto de violencia trascendental fue propuesto por Jacques Derrida para dar cuenta de una violencia que empieza desde el momento en que el otro aparece. Esta violencia “originaria” va de la mano con cierta traición a la singularidad del otro toda vez que el lenguaje y lo fenoménico le imponen un sentido. Pese al esfuerzo de Derrida por problematizar la idea de la violencia como derivada de un estado originariamente pacífico, su descripción asume sin más la manera en que la violencia es vivida, y margina el modo en que el ego se constituye por la violencia. En este ensayo intentaré apropiarme del concepto de violencia trascendental a través del concepto de vergüenza, el cual definiré aquí como un mirar objetivante con repercusiones en el actuar del ego. El vínculo entre la violencia y la vergüenza se encuentra en la manera en que el ego asume su propia objetivación.
Psicología: Ciencia natural
Authors: Roca i Balasch Josep
Published: October 2022

Con base en unas cuestiones propuestas por el editor de este monográfico, se hace una propuesta de definición y estructuración de la psicología como ciencia natural. Para ello, se distingue de entrada entre ciencias descriptivas, ciencias explicativas y ciencias tecnológicas. Centrados en las ciencias explicativas y tomando como ámbito de estudio ejemplar el deporte, se define la psicología como ciencia funcional básica, junto a las otras ciencias naturales, cuando estudian el hombre como ser natural. Dado el objeto o causa formal, se distingue y se consideran simultáneamente cuatro ciencias en el estudio de los seres humanos: física, biología, psicología y sociología. El objeto o causa formal para la psicología es la asociación, entendida como relación construida entre reacciones orgánicas. Tomando las cuatro causas aristotélicas —causa formal, causa material, causa final y causa eficiente— junto al modelo teórico de campo más actual, se hace una propuesta taxonómica general para organizar los conocimientos psicológicos funcionales o explicativos. A efectos de tratar los temas concretos planteados, hacemos una referencia explícita a los fenómenos del condicionamiento, la percepción y el entendimiento humanos, y a los niveles y dimensiones funcionales que pueden darse, junto a los factores propios del campo funcional psíquico, como causas de la variación cuantitativa y a sus determinantes concretos como causas eficientes.
¿Son el condicionamiento, la percepción y el entendimiento casos de detección de información invariante del ambiente de diferente orden? Comentario a Roca
Authors: Covarrubias Pablo
Published: October 2022

En el presente comentario dirigido al artículo target de Roca, se plantea la posibilidad de aproximarse a los niveles de ajuste asociativo como el condicionamiento, la percepción y el entendimiento desde una perspectiva ecológica, destacando el papel de la actividad del individuo, la caracterización de los estímulos para la percepción y la detección de invariantes.
Más melodramas. Comentario crítico a Covarrubias
Authors: Burgos José E.
Published: October 2022

En su mayor parte, el artículo de Covarrubias es una especie de vitrina comercial en la que se exhiben algunos supuestos del enfoque de J. J. Gibson sobre la percepción, sin justificar por qué siquiera considerarlos, mucho menos aceptarlos, estableciéndose como otro baluarte separatista no muy distinto del kantoriano, skinneriano o cognitivista mentalista tradicional. Por esto, un comentario sustancial y sustantivo requiere situar el artículo en un contexto más amplio que trascienda su talante expositivo axiomático. El contexto es filosófico porque, en última instancia, de una u otra forma, todos los debates, conflictos y desacuerdos en torno a las temáticas de este número monográfico, incluyendo la del artículo de Covarrubias, tratan sobre supuestos metafísicos y epistemológicos. Tales supuestos tienden a ser tácitos, por lo que su importancia central en la determinación de las temáticas, así como sus fallas y virtudes, pasan desapercibidas. En este comentario identifico algunos de esos supuestos que, por su carácter tácito, han llevado a melodramas, es decir, presentaciones propagandistas, pugnas frívolas filosóficamente superficiales e innecesariamente prolongadas, confusas, superfluas y, por ello, perniciosas para la psicología. Los tres melodramas principales que identifico son: 1) el carácter presuntamente ‘revolucionario’ y ‘paradigmático’ del enfoque gibsoniano; 2) las disputas en torno a varias interrogantes medulares de este enfoque, enraizadas en un fundamentalismo esencialista endémico en la psicología que las considerada, caprichosamente, como necesarias para la investigación; y 3) la acusación falsa de que el cognitivismo mentalista tradicional es dualista. Finalizo mi comentario con una crítica de la aplicación propuesta por Covarrubias del planteamiento gibsoniano al análisis experimental de la conducta.
Comentario al escrito de J. E. Burgos
Authors: Roca i Balasch Josep
Published: October 2022

En este escrito, comentario del artículo titulado “Un melodrama de la psicología”, me centro en dos contenidos destacables. El primero, relativo a la crítica que se hace a la definición de la psicología como estudio de la conducta o de la interconducta, que creo justificada y a la que me sumo con un planteamiento epistemológico. El segundo, relativo a la investigación del autor sobre el tema de las redes neuronales.
Solunumsal Yanıtlara Dayalı Yeni Bir Eşik Belirleme Yöntemi Olarak Respirasyon Eşiği ve Kritik Gücü Göstermedeki Başarısı
Authors: AS Hakan , BALCI Görkem Aybars , YILDIZTEPE Engin , ÖZKAYA Özgür
Published: October 2022

Yeni bir solunumsal eşik türü olarak ortaya atılan respirasyon eşiği (RE) kademeli bir rampa testinde dakika ventilasyonu bölü ekspirasyon sonu CO2 kısmi basıncı (VE/PETCO2) değerindeki zamana bağlı değişimlerin analizine dayanır. Ancak RE tekniğinin yaygın olarak kullanılan önemli bir eşik belirleme yöntemi olan kritik gücü (KG) hangi düzeyde işaret edebildiğine odaklanan bir araştırma bulgusu rapor edilmemiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, RE tekniği kullanılarak elde edilen egzersiz şiddetinin, KG’yi hangi düzeyde karşılayabildiğini araştırmaktır. Çalışmaya iyi antrene on erkek bisiklet sporcusu katılmıştır. Sporcuların gaz değişim eşiği (GDE), solunumsal kompanzasyon noktası (SKN) ve RE düzeyleri kademeli rampa testleriyle belirlenmiştir. Bu testlerde GDE ve SKN düzeyleri, Innocor sistemi yoluyla VCO2-VO2 ve VE-VCO2 ilişkilerinde saptanan kırılmalar tespit edilerek değerlendirilmiştir. RE düzeyi SegReg paket programı kullanılarak VE/PETCO2-zaman ilişkisindeki en güçlü kırılma noktası tespit edilerek bulunmuştur. Sonrasında KG’yi hesaplamak için farklı günlerde sabit iş oranlarında testler uygulanmıştır. Tüm eşik göstergelerinin birbirleriyle ilişkilerinin sınanması için geçerlik analizleri yapılmıştır. Bulgular, RE (328±35,5 W; 4,23±0,39 L·dk−1) ile SKN (324±34,3 W; 4,21±0,45 L·dk−1) güç çıktıları ve her birine ait VO2 yanıtları arasında yüksek bir ilişki ve uyum olduğunu göstermiştir (p>0,05; t= 1,19; r>0,96; % tahmini standart hata <5). Ancak hem RE hem de SKN güç çıktıları KG'den (298±32 W) yaklaşık %10 daha yüksek bulunmuştur (p<0,001). Çalışmamız, iyi antrene bisikletçilerde VE/PETCO2-zaman ilişkisinde oluşan en güçlü kırılmanın çok büyük bir başarı ile SKN’yi gösterdiğini, fakat KG’yi doğrudan belirlemede başarısız olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.