bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness and Safety of Biological Therapies in Very Severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Real-Life Retrospective Study
Authors: Fiorillo Giovanni , Ibba Luciano , Gargiulo Luigi , Narcisi Alessandra , Costanzo Antonio , Valenti Mario
Published: February 2024

Psoriasis can have a significant impact on quality of life and productivity, especially with increased severity. However, there is limited evidence on biologics’ efficacy in highly severe cases compared to moderate-to-severe ones. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of novel biological therapies in very severe psoriasis. We conducted a retrospective analysis on patients ≥ 18 years old affected by very severe psoriasis who had received a biological agent for at least 16 weeks. We used PASI to assess disease severity and effectiveness at weeks 16, 52, 104, and 156. Safety was evaluated by tracking treatment discontinuation rates and adverse events. This study included 29 males and 11 females, with a mean age of 55.80 years (SD 13.82). Cardiometabolic diseases were the most common comorbidities (25.00%). Twenty-eight (70.00%) patients had psoriasis involvement in at least one difficult-to-treat area. All patients completed 16 weeks of treatment. The mean PASI was 31.60 (SD 2.57) at baseline, 3.48 (SD 4.13) at week 16, 0.58 (SD 1.70) at week 52, 0.77 (SD 1.66) at week 104, and 1.29 (SD 2.12) at week 156. PASI90 and 100 were achieved by 52.50% and 30.00% of patients at week 16, by 96.15% and 80.77% at week 52, by 93.33% and 66.67% at week 104, and by 85.71% and 42.86% at week 156. PASIs ≤ 2 were achieved by 50.00% of patients at week 16, 88.46% at week 52, 86.67% at week 104, and 85.71% at week 156. Only two patients discontinued biologics due to complete remission, and mild AEs were reported by four patients. Our findings show that biologics are effective and well tolerated for treating very severe psoriasis, maintaining long-term effectiveness.
Understanding the Dynamics of Sex-Specific Responses Driven by Grassland Management: Using Syrphids as a Model Insect Group
Authors: Hussain Raja Imran , Ablinger Daniela , Starz Walter , Friedel Jürgen Kurt , Frank Thomas
Published: February 2024

Grassland ecosystems, managed by various grassland managements strategies, are the world’s most important land use. However, insect’s sex-specific responses within the context of grassland management have never been considered before. Therefore, our aim was to expand the understanding to the dynamics of grassland managements that drive sex-specific responses by using syrphids as a model insect group. We hypothesize that (1) male and female syrphids exhibit differential habitat preferences in grassland managements, (2) abundance and activity of male and female syrphid levels are influenced by vegetation structure in grassland habitats. Extensive and intensive grassland exhibited significantly different male and female syrphid abundance compared to abandoned grassland. Surprisingly, grassland management had a significant impact on male syrphids richness only, not on female. Flower cover significantly increased male and female syrphid abundance and richness. However, plant height significantly increased female syrphid abundance and richness only. Interestingly, abandoned grassland supports a higher amount of unique female syrphids than male syrphids. The dynamics of grassland management are not unidirectional, but they are multifaceted and multidirectional. Considering the importance of sex-specific responses by insects can provide a more comprehensive understanding of dynamics of grassland managements.
Spatial Interactions between Planned Settlements and Small Businesses: Evidence from the Jakarta Metropolitan Area, Indonesia
Authors: Widita Alyas A. , Lechner Alex M.
Published: February 2024

Rapid urban growth is reshaping cities and promoting economic development in low and middle-income countries throughout Southeast Asia, with the prevalence of Micro-, Small-, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSME) emerging as a crucial factor. This study explores the complex relationship between MSMEs and planned settlements within the Jakarta Metropolitan Area (JMA), Indonesia. Utilizing official government data and extensive GIS sources analyzed using a Spatial Lag Model, the research assessed the spatial interactions between MSMEs and sixteen variables, revealing the statistical significance of eight of these variables. Notably, the study identified a negative correlation between the prevalence of planned settlements and the number of MSMEs, indicating that areas with a higher proportion of planned settlement land use tend to have fewer MSMEs. Emphasizing the importance of land use and built environment policies, the findings underscore MSMEs’ preference for locations with a greater share of commercial land uses. Moreover, the research highlights the localized nature of MSMEs, suggesting a tendency to cluster in specific areas. As Indonesia and other Global South countries experience rapid urbanization and potential increases in planned settlements, the study underscores the need for policymakers to develop strategies that foster a synergistic relationship between planned settlement development and MSME growth to support sustainable urban development.
Unusual Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Long Cracks at Low Stress Intensity Factor Ranges
Authors: Kujawski Daniel , Vasudevan Asuri K.
Published: February 2024

In this article, we characterize and review the unusual lack of threshold in fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior for some alloys at low values of stress intensity factor ranges ΔK and its implications to damage-tolerant design approaches. This unusual behavior was first observed by Marci in 1996 in IMI 834 alloy. Conventional applications of linear elastic fracture mechanics to FCG analysis at constant R-ratio (or Kmax) assumes that (da/dN) decreases monotonically with decreasing ΔK and approaches the threshold value of ΔKth with (da/dN) ≤ 10−7 mm/cycle for a given R (or Kmax). However, instead of ΔK threshold behavior, some materials exhibit plateau or acceleration in da/dN rate with decreasing ΔK for long cracks tested in both constant R and Kmax conditions. This unusual (da/dN)-ΔK behavior is only observed experimentally but not understood and represents a challenge to scientists and engineers to model the safe fatigue life prediction of structures under low amplitude vibrating loads.
Emotional Intelligence for the Decision-Making Process of Trajectories in Collaborative Robotics
Authors: Antonelli Michele Gabrio , Beomonte Zobel Pierluigi , Manes Costanzo , Mattei Enrico , Stampone Nicola
Published: February 2024

In collaborative robotics, to improve human–robot interaction (HRI), it is necessary to avoid accidental impacts. In this direction, several works reported how to modify the trajectories of collaborative robots (cobots), monitoring the operator’s position in the cobot workspace by industrial safety devices, cameras, or wearable tracking devices. The detection of the emotional state of the operator could further prevent possible dangerous situations. This work aimed to increase the predictability of anomalous behavior on the part of human operators by the implementation of emotional intelligence (EI) that allows a cobot to detect the operator’s Level of Attention (LoA), implicitly associated with the emotional state, and to decide the safest trajectory to complete a task. Consequently, the operator is induced to pay due attention, the safety rate of the HRI is improved, and the cobot downtime is reduced. The approach was based on a vision transformer (ViT) architecture trained and validated by the Level of Attention Dataset (LoAD), the ad hoc dataset created and developed on facial expressions and hand gestures. ViT was integrated into a digital twin of the Omron TM5-700 cobot, suitably developed within this project, and the effectiveness of the EI was tested on a pick-and-place task. Then, the proposed approach was experimentally validated with the physical cobot. The results of the simulation and experimentation showed that the goal of the work was achieved and the decision-making process can be successfully integrated into existing robot control strategies.
Design and Optimization of a Five-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine Exploiting the Fundamental and Third Harmonic
Authors: Oukrid Mouna , Bernard Nicolas , Benkhoris Mohamed-Fouad , Ziane Djamel
Published: February 2024

This paper deals with the design of five-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) exploiting the third harmonic for torque generation. Through the optimization of the stator size and rotor structure, the objective functions related to mass and electric losses are minimized for a targeted electromagnetic power (10 kW and 400 rpm) and a given volume. The study takes into account saturation, thermal, electrical and mechanical constraints. On that note, a 1D analytical magnetic model, considering the existence and use of the third harmonic, is presented. The design optimization then shows how the use of harmonic 3 can improve the machine’s performance. It will be shown that, for a given electromagnetic torque, taking the third harmonic into account in the sizing process leads to a mass reduction that can reach 20% and electrical losses that can go up to 21%. A finite element analysis model of the five-phase PMSM is then established in order to verify the results of the optimization and validate them.
On Some Interesting Classes of Analytic Functions Related to Univalent Functions
Authors: Güney Hatun Özlem , Breaz Daniel , Owa Shigeyoshi
Published: February 2024

Let A¯ be the new general class of functions f(z) of the form f(z)=z+∑k=1∞a1+k2z1+k2 that are analytic in the open unit disc U. In the present paper, for f(z)∈A¯, we consider classes S∗¯(α), C¯(α) and R¯(α) and obtain some interesting properties of f(z)∈A¯ concerning S∗¯(α), C¯(α) and R¯(α), applying subordinations of f(z).
Identification of Membrane Fouling with Greywater Filtration by Porous Membranes: Combined Effect of Membrane Pore Size and Applied Pressure
Authors: Jang Hoseok , Kang Sinu , Kim Jeonghwan
Published: February 2024

Membrane fouling caused by complex greywater synthesized by personal care products and detergents commercially available for household applications was investigated using dead-end microfiltration (MF) and analyzed systematically by a multistage Hermia blocking model as a first attempt. The highest flux decline was associated with the smallest pore size of the membrane (0.03 μm). This effectiveness was more pronounced at higher applied pressures to the membrane. A cake layer was formed on the membrane consisting mainly of silica particles present as ingredients in greywater. Although organic rejection was low by the porous MF membrane, the organic compound contributed to membrane fouling in the filtration stage. With a 0.03 μm pore size of the membrane, dominant fouling mechanisms were classified into three stages as applied pressure increased, such as complete pore blocking, intermediate pore blocking, and cake layer formation. Specifically, during the early stage of membrane filtration at 1.5 bar, membrane fouling was determined by complete pore blocking in the 0.10 μm pore size of the membrane. However, the later stage of membrane fouling was controlled mainly by intermediate pore blocking. Regardless of the applied pressure, pore constriction or standard blocking played an important role in the fouling rate with a 0.45 μm pore size of the membrane. Our results also support that complex formation can occur due to the concentration of organic and inorganic species present in simulated greywater. Thus, strategic approaches such as periodic, chemically enhanced backwashing need to be developed and tailored to remove both organic and inorganic fouling from MF membranes treating greywater.
High-Temperature Thermal Stability of Hot Isostatic Pressed Co25.1Cr18.8Fe23.3Ni22.6Ta8.5Al1.7 (at%) Eutectic High-Entropy Alloy
Authors: Li Dongyue , Wu Chengshuang , Xie Lu , Zhang Yong , Wang Wenrui
Published: February 2024

An eutectic high-entropy alloy (EHEA) consisting mainly of a face-centered cubic (FCC) phase and a C14 Laves phase with the compositions of Co25.1Cr18.8Fe23.3Ni22.6Ta8.5Al1.7 (at%) was successfully prepared by hot isostatic pressing. The present EHEA exhibits a skeleton-type Laves phase structure, deviating from typical EHEA structures. After a series of annealing treatments at 1000 °C for different durations (ranging from 0 to 150 h), the Co3Ta phase precipitated after annealing. The mechanical properties measured at 850 °C showed a tensile strength of 441 MPa and an elongation of 3.3%. The results of the high-temperature tests showed that the mechanical properties of this alloy did not change significantly before and after annealing, and its microstructure showed a high degree of stability, which suggests that the material has some potential for use in high-temperature environments.
A Hybrid Design of Experiment Approach in Analyzing the Electrical Discharge Machining Influence on Stir Cast Al7075/B4C Metal Matrix Composites
Authors: Mohankumar Velusamy , Kapilan Sunderraj , Karthik Aruchamy , Bhuvaneshwaran Mylsamy , Santulli Carlo , Kumar Durairaj Thresh , Palanisamy Sivasubramanian , Fragassa Cristiano
Published: February 2024

The present work centers on aluminum-based metal matrix composites (AMCs), synthesized via stir casting and then processed by electrical discharge machining (EDM) in the case of Al7075 as a matrix and 6 wt.% boron carbide (B4C) as reinforcement. A design of experiment (DoE) approach, powered by hybrid optimization techniques (such as the entropy weight method (EWM), grey relational analysis (GRA) incorporated Taguchi method) was used to investigate the relationship between current (I), pulse ON time (Ton), pulse OFF time (Toff), and electrode gap (Gap) as input parameters and the material removal rate (MRR), tool wear rate (TWR), and surface roughness (SR) as response parameters. The results showed that an I = 140 A, Ton = 120 ms, Toff = 50 ms, and Gap = 0.4 mm combination gives the best response parameters of MRR = 0.5628 mm3/min, TWR = 0.0048 mm3/min, and SR = 4.4034 μs.
Simultaneous Detection of Exosomal microRNAs Isolated from Cancer Cells Using Surface Acoustic Wave Sensor Array with High Sensitivity and Reproducibility
Authors: Han Su Bin , Lee Soo Suk
Published: February 2024

We present a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor array for microRNA (miRNA) detection that utilizes photocatalytic silver staining on titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles as a signal enhancement technique for high sensitivity with an internal reference sensor for high reproducibility. A sandwich hybridization was performed on working sensors of the SAW sensor array that could simultaneously capture and detect three miRNAs (miRNA-21, miRNA-106b, and miRNA-155) known to be upregulated in cancer. Sensor responses due to signal amplification varied depending on the concentration of synthetic miRNAs. It was confirmed that normalization (a ratio of working sensor response to reference sensor response) screened out background interferences by manipulating data and minimized non-uniformity in the photocatalytic silver staining step by suppressing disturbances to both working sensor signal and reference sensor signal. Finally, we were able to successfully detect target miRNAs in cancer cell-derived exosomal miRNAs with performance comparable to the detection of synthetic miRNAs.
Cooperative Exploration Model of Coal–Lithium Deposit: A Case Study of the Haerwusu Coal–Lithium Deposit in the Jungar Coalfield, Inner Mongolia, Northern China
Authors: Li Xin , Wei Yingchun , Cao Daiyong , Wei Jinhao , Liu Xiangyang , Zhang Yun , Dong Bo
Published: February 2024

Lithium (Li) is an important strategic metal mineral resource, irreplaceable in the fields of modern industry, new energy technology, nuclear fusion, and energy storage devices. Li is an important supplement to traditional strategic metal mineral resources and has become an important avenue of mineral resource exploration. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a cooperative exploration model of coal and Li deposits to lay a theoretical foundation from the perspective of technical optimization and economic rationality. This study is based on the distribution characteristics of the Haerwusu coal–Li deposit, and the effectiveness of the response to exploration techniques, the economical and effective exploration techniques, the reasonable exploration engineering design, and resource estimation parameters is investigated. Therefore, the cooperative exploration model of the coal–Li deposit is established. The high-Li areas in the surface of the Haerwusu Li deposit is distributed near the B1 anticline or in the middle area between the X1 syncline and the B1 anticline, and the vertical distribution of Li content is irregular. The exploration techniques, exploration engineering design, and resource estimation are reviewed and optimized. According to the geological, geochemical, and geophysical conditions, a reasonable cooperative exploration model for coal–Li deposits is established from the two aspects of the coordination of multi-mineral exploration and the coordination of various exploration technologies. The determination of the coal–Li deposit cooperative exploration model has important practical significance for improving the resource security system.
Ecotoxicity Assessment of Nanomaterials: Latest Advances and Prospects
Authors: Maria Vera L. , Barreto Angela
Published: February 2024

In the fast-evolving landscape of nanotechnology, the widespread applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) have undoubtedly revolutionized various industries, ranging from healthcare and electronics to agriculture and environmental remediation [...]
The Emerging Role of Non-Coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in Plant Growth, Development, and Stress Response Signaling
Authors: Yadav Amit , Mathan Jyotirmaya , Dubey Arvind Kumar , Singh Anuradha
Published: February 2024

Plant species utilize a variety of regulatory mechanisms to ensure sustainable productivity. Within this intricate framework, numerous non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) play a crucial regulatory role in plant biology, surpassing the essential functions of RNA molecules as messengers, ribosomal, and transfer RNAs. ncRNAs represent an emerging class of regulators, operating directly in the form of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), and circular RNAs (circRNAs). These ncRNAs exert control at various levels, including transcription, post-transcription, translation, and epigenetic. Furthermore, they interact with each other, contributing to a variety of biological processes and mechanisms associated with stress resilience. This review primarily concentrates on the recent advancements in plant ncRNAs, delineating their functions in growth and development across various organs such as root, leaf, seed/endosperm, and seed nutrient development. Additionally, this review broadens its scope by examining the role of ncRNAs in response to environmental stresses such as drought, salt, flood, heat, and cold in plants. This compilation offers updated information and insights to guide the characterization of the potential functions of ncRNAs in plant growth, development, and stress resilience in future research.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Assessment of N′-(2-Oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazides as Potential Anti-Proliferative Agents toward MCF-7 Breast Cancer
Authors: Alshaye Najla A. , Elgohary Mohamed K. , Elkotamy Mahmoud S. , Abdel-Aziz Hatem A.
Published: February 2024

Breast cancer is a serious threat to the health and lives of women. Two novel series of N′-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazides and 1-(aryl)-3-(6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-5-yl)ureas were designed, synthesized and investigated for their anticancer efficacy against the MCF-7 breast cell line. Three compounds of the first series showed potent activity toward MCF-7 with IC50 in the range 8.38–11.67 µM, respectively, as compared to Sorafenib (IC50 = 7.55 µM). N′-(1-butyl-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-6-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-5-carbohydrazide inhibited VEGFR-2 with IC50 = 0.33 µM when compared with Sorafenib (IC50 = 0.09 µM). Furthermore, this compound was introduced to PCR assessment, where it increased Bax, caspase 8, caspase 9 and cytochrome C levels by 4.337-, 2.727-, 4.947- and 2.420-fold, respectively, while it decreased levels of Bcl-2, as the anti-apoptotic gene, by 0.359-fold when compared to the untreated control MCF-7. This compound was also arrested in the G2/M phase by 27.07%, compared with 11.31% for the control MCF-7. Furthermore, it induced early and late apoptosis in MCF-7. In addition, a molecular docking study in the VEGFR-2 active site was performed to assess the binding profile for the most active compounds. Moreover, ADME parameters of the targeted compounds were also evaluated.
Unveiling the Potential of Cannabinoids in Multiple Sclerosis and the Dawn of Nano-Cannabinoid Medicine
Authors: Nouh Roua A. , Kamal Ahmed , Oyewole Oluwaseyi , Abbas Walaa A. , Abib Bishoy , Omar Abdelrouf , Mansour Somaia T. , Abdelnaser Anwar
Published: February 2024

Multiple sclerosis is the predominant autoimmune disorder affecting the central nervous system in adolescents and adults. Specific treatments are categorized as disease-modifying, whereas others are symptomatic treatments to alleviate painful symptoms. Currently, no singular conventional therapy is universally effective for all patients across all stages of the illness. Nevertheless, cannabinoids exhibit significant promise in their capacity for neuroprotection, anti-inflammation, and immunosuppression. This review will examine the traditional treatment for multiple sclerosis, the increasing interest in using cannabis as a treatment method, its role in protecting the nervous system and regulating the immune system, commercially available therapeutic cannabinoids, and the emerging use of cannabis in nanomedicine. In conclusion, cannabinoids exhibit potential as a disease-modifying treatment rather than merely symptomatic relief. However, further research is necessary to unveil their role and establish the safety and advancements in nano-cannabinoid medicine, offering the potential for reduced toxicity and fewer adverse effects, thereby maximizing the benefits of cannabinoids.
Terahertz Polarization-Resolved Spectra of the Metamaterial Formed by Optimally Shaped Omega Elements on a Silicon Substrate at Oblique Incidence of Waves
Authors: Lyakhnovich Andrew V. , Semchenko Igor V. , Samofalov Andrey L. , Podalov Maksim A. , Sinitsyn George V. , Kravchenko Alexandr Y. , Khakhomov Sergei A.
Published: February 2024

The reflection and transmission spectra of a metamaterial formed by omega-shaped elements with pre-calculated optimal parameters on a silicon substrate have been recorded in the terahertz range at oblique incidence for the s- and p-polarizations of the incident wave. The spectra were interpreted within the dipole radiation theory of electromagnetic waves. Both measurement results and analysis provide evidence supporting the presence of a pronounced polarization anisotropy impact in the reflection and transmission of the metamaterial. The potential of these materials to be utilized in the development of devices that control the polarization properties of THz radiation across a wide spectral range is examined.
Copper and Copper Nanoparticles Applications and Their Role against Infections: A Minireview
Authors: Ivanova Iliana A. , Daskalova Dragomira S. , Yordanova Lilia P. , Pavlova Elitsa L.
Published: February 2024

The focus of this review article is to present a retrospective analysis of copper applications focusing on ions and nanoparticles as broad-spectrum antimicrobials. Copper nanoparticles are presented as an alternative to rising antibiotic resistance. The basic mechanisms of bacterial, fungal, and viral inactivation, which explain their potential, are presented. The green biosynthesis of copper nanoparticles using biomaterials is also presented and considered a very promising trend for future biotechnology and medical applications.
A Survey of 6DoF Object Pose Estimation Methods for Different Application Scenarios
Authors: Guan Jian , Hao Yingming , Wu Qingxiao , Li Sicong , Fang Yingjian
Published: February 2024

Recently, 6DoF object pose estimation has become increasingly important for a broad range of applications in the fields of virtual reality, augmented reality, autonomous driving, and robotic operations. This task involves extracting the target area from the input data and subsequently determining the position and orientation of the objects. In recent years, many new advances have been made in pose estimation. However, existing reviews have the problem of only summarizing category-level or instance-level methods, and not comprehensively summarizing deep learning methods. This paper will provide a comprehensive review of the latest progress in 6D pose estimation to help researchers better understanding this area. In this study, the current methods about 6DoF object pose estimation are mainly categorized into two groups: instance-level and category-level groups, based on whether it is necessary to acquire the CAD model of the object. Recent advancements about learning-based 6DoF pose estimation methods are comprehensively reviewed. The study systematically explores the innovations and applicable scenarios of various methods. It provides an overview of widely used datasets, task metrics, and diverse application scenarios. Furthermore, state-of-the-art methods are compared across publicly accessible datasets, taking into account differences in input data types. Finally, we summarize the challenges of current tasks, methods for different applications, and future development directions.
Excessive Knee Internal Rotation during Grand Plié in Classical Ballet Female Dancers
Authors: Fotaki Aspasia , Triantafyllou Athanasios , Koulouvaris Panagiotis , Skouras Apostolos Z. , Stasinopoulos Dimitrios , Gkrilias Panagiotis , Kyriakidou Maria , Stasi Sophia , Antonakis-Karamintzas Dimitrios , Tsolakis Charilaos , Savvidou Olga , Papagiannis Georgios
Published: February 2024

Classical ballet dancers are exposed daily to physically demanding movements. Among these, the Grand Plié stands out for its biomechanical complexity, particularly the stress applied to the knee joint. This study investigates the knee kinematics of healthy professional classical ballet dancers performing the Grand Plié. Twenty dancers were evaluated with a motion analysis system using a marker-based protocol. Before measurements, the self-reported Global Knee Functional Assessment Scale was delivered for the knees’ functional ability, and the passive range of knee motion was also assessed. The average score on the Global Knee Functional Assessment Scale was 94.65 ± 5.92. During a complete circle of the Grand Plié movement, executed from the upright position, the average maximum internal rotation of the knee joint was 30.28° ± 6.16°, with a simultaneous knee flexion of 134.98° ± 4.62°. This internal rotation observed during knee flexion exceeds the typical range of motion for the joint, suggesting a potential risk for knee injuries, such as meniscal tears. The findings provide an opportunity for future kinematic analysis research, focusing on the movement of the Grand Plié and other common ballet maneuvers. These data have the potential to yield valuable information about the knee kinematics concerning meniscus damage.
Consumer Literacy in Virtual Brand Communities: Dimension Exploration and Scale Development
Authors: Cui Zhongxin , Li Guangming
Published: February 2024

Virtual brand communities are one of the most important ways for companies to strengthen ties with consumers and cultivate brand loyalty. Consumers, as the main participants of virtual brand communities, play an important role in their own literacy for the healthy and sustainable development of the communities. This study explores the connotation and structure of consumer literacy in virtual brand communities from the perspective of consumers, and develops and tests a scale. First, based on relevant literature, case studies, and semi-structured in-depth interviews with 38 consumers who have browsed virtual brand communities, the study defined the concept of consumer literacy and qualitatively summarized the potential dimensions. The study then used the SPSS26.0 and AMOS24.0 software to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire survey, and combined the methods of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and nomological validity analysis to identify the three dimensions of consumer literacy in the virtual brand community, including brand knowledge, engagement skills, and conceptual knowledge, and obtained a scale with good reliability and validity. The results provide a measurement tool for the study of consumer literacy in virtual brand communities and a scientific basis for further improving the management of the communities.
Optimizing the Valuation and Implementation Path of the Gross Ecosystem Product: A Case Study of Tonglu County, Hangzhou City
Authors: Li Yonghua , Wang Huarong , Liu Chunju , Sun Jianhua , Ran Qinchuan
Published: February 2024

Ecosystem products and services are fundamental to human survival and development. The gross ecosystem product can be defined as the total value of products and services provided by ecosystems for human wellbeing and sustainable socioeconomic development. This includes the value of production system products, ecosystem regulation services, and ecosystem cultural services. The valuation of gross ecosystem product offers crucial technical support for constructing mechanisms by which to realize them, and it holds significant importance in promoting the comprehensive green transformation of economic and social development. In this study, we introduce the definition and accounting methods of the gross ecosystem product and explore the application of the gross ecosystem product and ecosystem asset accounting in ecological benefit assessment, using Tonglu County in Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, as an example. Finally, we provide recommendations by which to strengthen gross ecosystem product accounting and explore mechanisms for realizing ecological values based on this foundation. The results indicate that in 2021, the total gross ecosystem product value of Tonglu County reached CNY 55.129 billion, equivalent to 1.33 times the gross domestic product of that year. Among the various services, regulatory services contributed the most to the total ecological products, with climate regulation being the largest contributor at CNY 27.199 billion, accounting for 49.34%. Tonglu County boasts abundant natural resources, which hold significant value. By conducting an audit of the total ecological products, we can precisely determine the value of the ecosystem. This aids relevant departments in estimating the value of ecological products in Tonglu County’s ecosystem. Such information can support the formulation of ecological protection and sustainable development policies in Tonglu County, while also serving as a reference for estimating the total ecological products and enhancing the ecological value in other counties.
Semi-Separable Potentials as Solutions to the 3D Inverse Problem of Newtonian Dynamics
Authors: Kotoulas Thomas
Published: February 2024

We study the motion of a test particle in a conservative force-field. Our aim is to find three-dimensional potentials with symmetrical properties, i.e., V(x,y,z)=P(x,y)+Q(z), or, V(x,y,z)=P(x2+y2)+Q(z) and V(x,y,z)=P(x,y)Q(z), where P and Q are arbitrary C2-functions, which are characterized as semi-separable and they produce a pre-assigned two-parametric family of orbits f(x,y,z) = c1, g(x,y,z) = c2 (c1, c2 = const) in 3D space. There exist two linear PDEs which are the basic equations of the Inverse Problem of Newtonian Dynamics and are satisfied by these potentials. Pertinent examples are presented for all the cases. Two-dimensional potentials are also included into our study. Families of straight lines is a special category of curves in 3D space and are examined separately.
High Affinity of Nanoparticles and Matrices Based on Acid-Base Interaction for Nanoparticle-Filled Membrane
Authors: Makino Tsutomu , Tabata Keisuke , Saito Takaaki , Matsuo Yosimasa , Masuhara Akito
Published: February 2024

The introduction of nanoparticles into the polymer matrix is a useful technique for creating highly functional composite membranes. Our research focuses on the development of nanoparticle-filled proton exchange membranes (PEMs). PEMs play a crucial role in efficiently controlling the electrical energy conversion process by facilitating the movement of specific ions. This is achieved by creating functionalized nanoparticles with polymer coatings on their surfaces, which are then combined with resins to create proton-conducting membranes. In this study, we prepared PEMs by coating the surfaces of silica nanoparticles with acidic polymers and integrating them into a basic matrix. This process resulted in the formation of a direct bond between the nanoparticles and the matrix, leading to composite membranes with a high dispersion and densely packed nanoparticles. This fabrication technique significantly improved mechanical strength and retention stability, resulting in high-performance membranes. Moreover, the proton conductivity of these membranes showed a remarkable enhancement of more than two orders of magnitude compared to the pristine basic matrix, reaching 4.2 × 10−4 S/cm at 80 °C and 95% relative humidity.
Short-Term Exposure to PM2.5 Chemical Components and Depression Outpatient Visits: A Case-Crossover Analysis in Three Chinese Cities
Authors: Zhuang Zitong , Li Dan , Zhang Shiyu , Hu Zhaoyang , Deng Wenfeng , Lin Hualiang
Published: February 2024

Background: The association between specific chemical components of PM2.5 and depression remains largely unknown. Methods: We conducted a time-stratified case-crossover analysis with a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) to evaluate the relationship of PM2.5 and its chemical components, including black carbon (BC), organic matter (OM), sulfate (SO42−), nitrate (NO3−), and ammonium (NH4+), with the depression incidence. Daily depression outpatients were enrolled from Huizhou, Shenzhen, and Zhaoqing. Results: Among 247,281 outpatients, we found the strongest cumulative effects of PM2.5 and its chemical components with the odd ratios (ORs) of 1.607 (95% CI: 1.321, 1.956) and 1.417 (95% CI: 1.245, 1.612) at the 50th percentile of PM2.5 and OM at lag 21, respectively. Furthermore, the ORs with SO42− and NH4+ at the 75th percentile on the same lag day were 1.418 (95% CI: 1.247, 1.613) and 1.025 (95% CI: 1.009, 1.140). Relatively stronger associations were observed among females and the elderly. Conclusions: Our study suggests that PM2.5 and its chemical components might be important risk factors for depression. Reducing PM2.5 emissions, with a particular focus on the major sources of SO42− and OM, might potentially alleviate the burden of depression in South China.
The Degradation of Sulfamethoxazole via the Fe2+/Ultraviolet/Sodium Percarbonate Advanced Oxidation Process: Performance, Mechanism, and Back-Propagate–Artificial Neural Network Prediction Model
Authors: Chen Juxiang , Ruan Chong , Xie Wanying , Dai Caiqiong , Gao Yuqiong , Liao Zhenliang , Gao Naiyun
Published: February 2024

The degradation of sulfamethoxazole (SMX) via the Fe2+/Ultraviolet (UV)/sodium percarbonate (SPC) system was comprehensively investigated in this study, including the performance optimization, degradation mechanism, and predicting models. The degradation condition of SMX was optimized, and it was found that appropriate amounts of CFe2+ (10~30 μM) and CSPC (10 μM) under an acidic condition (pH = 4~6) were in favor of a higher degradation rate. According to probe compound experiments, it was considerable that ∙OH and ∙CO3− was the primary and subordinate free radical in SMX degradation, and k∙OH,SMX maintained two times more than that of k∙CO3−,SMX, especially under acidic conditions. The UV direct photolysis and other active intermediates were also responsible for the SMX degradation. These active intermediates were produced via the Fe2+/UV/SPC system, involving ∙HO2, HCO4−, ∙O2 −, or 1O2. Furthermore, when typical anions co-existed, the degradation of SMX was negatively influenced, owing to HCO3− and CO32− possibly consuming ∙OH or H2O2 to compete with SMX. In addition, the prediction model was successfully established via the back-propagate artificial neural network (BP-ANN) method. The degradation rate of SMX was well forecasted via the Back-Propagate–Artificial Neural Network (BP-ANN) model, which was expressed as Ypre=tanh(tanh(xiWih)Who). The BP-ANN model reflected the relative importance of influence factors well, which was pH > t > CFe2+≈CSPC. Compared to the response surface method Box–Behnken design (RSM-BBD) model (R2 = 0.9765, relative error = 3.08%), the BP-ANN model showed higher prediction accuracy (R2 = 0.9971) and lower error (1.17%) in SMX degradation via the Fe2+/UV/SPC system. These findings help us to understand, in-depth, the degradation mechanism of SMX; meanwhile, they are conducive to promoting the development of the Fe2+/UV/SPC system in SMX degradation, especially in some practical engineering cases.
Successful colonization of the Red Sea Yellowspotted Puffer, Torquigener flavimaculosus in the Mediterranean without a genetic bottleneck
Authors: Tikochinski Yaron , Ohana Talya , Motro Uzi , Golani Daniel
Published: February 2024

The Yellowspotted Puffer Torquigener flavimaculosus (Hardy & Randall, 1983) invaded the Mediterranean from the Red Sea via the Suez Canal. In the present study, we analyzed two mitochondrial loci, the cytochrome c oxidase 1 (COI) and the control region (D-loop), from the Mediterranean and the Red Sea populations. Both the COI and the D-loop showed no decrease of genetic variability in the Mediterranean population compared to the source population from the Red Sea. When comparing the genetic variability to two other species of the Tetraodontidae family (Takifugu rubripes and Takifugu obscurus), the mean divergence within the T. flavimaculosus is almost twice as large. T. flavimaculosus has two distinct genetic groups, similarly represented both in the Red Sea and in the Mediterranean, with similar coefficients of differentiation in COI, in D-loop, and, not surprisingly, in the two genes combined. This suggests that T. flavimaculosus has most likely established a sustainable population in the Suez Canal, that has gradually dispersed northward and eventually entered the Mediterranean with a large number of individuals, carrying a great deal of its genetic variability.
Invasive Amazon sailfin catfish in Bangladesh: wild distribution, environmental and perceived socio-economic consequences
Authors: Hossain Md Shakhawate , Akmal Surya Gentha , Buřič Miloš , Patoka Jiří
Published: February 2024

Amazon sailfin catfish are native to Latin Arica (Siluriformes: Loricariidae: Pterygoplichthys) and are popular around the world as ornamental fish. It is well-documented that these species are highly successful invaders and very prone to forming new geographical ranges. However, once established, eradicating a new population is a very challenging task. In Bangladesh, species of the genus Pterygoplichthys are expected to spread widely and have a severe detrimental impact on ecosystem health, biodiversity and economics. Here we provide new information on the future probable establishment of non-native populations of these species in the wild using a climate-matching analysis and highlight their potential area of occurrence. The potential socio-economic consequences are also discussed, as are the public perception of these species and probable economic damages caused. Control of the import of similar species, their culture and intentional or unintentional release into open water is urgently required.
Metanización, una alternativa tecnológica para valorización energética de la fracción orgánica de los residuos sólidos urbanos en la provincia de Esmeraldas
Authors: Jijón Solorzano Vladimiro , Recio Recio Angel Amado , Fernández Díaz Galo René
Published: February 2024

Uno de los problemas que enfrentan las comunidades humanas frente al crecimiento poblacional y desarrollo industrial, es la generación de diferentes tipos de residuos, denominados residuos sólidos urbanos (RSU). Para elaborar un plan de manejo integral de RSU del Cantón Esmeraldas, se parte de la caracterización de los RSU, lo cual permite diseñar la valoración, del potencial energético y la composición por desagregación. Se persigue que el RSU deje de ser una carga económica para el sector público y genere recursos que ayuden a financiar el costo de la gestión. Con el objetivo de disminuir considerablemente la contaminación que se produce por falta de tratamiento adecuado de los RSU.

“Prevenir, controlar y mitigar la contaminación ambiental, como aporte para el mejoramiento de la calidad de vida, continúa siendo sumamente importante para garantizar el derecho humano a vivir en un ambiente sano, pilar fundamental de la sociedad del Buen Vivir”.

En un país, caracterizado históricamente por un crecimiento desorganizado y por la persistencia de problemas como la contaminación del aire, la contaminación hídrica, la inadecuada disposición y tratamiento de residuos domiciliarios e industriales, la reducción, el control y la prevención de la contaminación, resultan imprescindibles”

Con esto, se espera que se diseñe un buen Tratamiento Mecánico Biológico de los RSU, con la tecnología de Túneles de Metanización, con un importante beneficio económico y ambiental para el cantón.
Income and Feasibility of Rice Farming (Oryza sativa L.) in Pauh Duo District South Solok Regency
Authors: Fauzi Dian
Published: February 2024

Rice is one of the food crops in the agricultural sector, providing sustenance in the form of rice consumed by the majority of the population. Additionally, it serves as a crucial source of income for farmers. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of farmers, analyze the income and feasibility of lowland rice farming in Pauh Duo District, South Solok Regency. Proportional random sampling was used to select respondents, with a total of 45 participants drawn from a population of 4032 individuals. Income and feasibility analyses were conducted as the primary tools for examination. The results showed that the average income obtained by rice farmers was Rp13,843750.00/ha/MT, with the average cost was Rp7,270,669.79/ha/MT. Consequently, the average income accrued was Rp8,760,453.65/ha/MT. The R/C analysis demonstrated the feasibility of lowland rice farming in the Pauh Duo District, South Solok Regency, with an obtained R/C value of 1.90. This implied that every Rp1 incurred as a cost by the farmer generated an income of 1.90.
Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Porang (Amorphophallus mulleri) Termodifikasi terhadap Daya Serap Air, Kadar Protein dan Organoleptik Mi Kering
Authors: Setiavani Gusti , Moulia Mona Nur , Astuti Linda Tri Wira , Harahap Nurliana
Published: February 2024

Tepung Porang Termodifikasi (TPM) memiliki potensi yang besar dikembangkan sebagai salah satu penganti terigu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh substitusi tepung porang (Amorphophallus muelleri) termodifikasi terhadap protein, daya serap air, dan organoleptik mi kering. Menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan substitusi tepung terigu:TPM berturut turut; 90 persen:10 persen, 80 persen:20 persen, 70 persen:30 persen, 60 persen:40 persen, 50 persen:50 persen. Parameter pengamatan meliputi kadar protein, daya serap air, dan tingkat kesukaan panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan substitusi tepung terigu:TPM berpengaruh nyata terhadap kandungan protein dan daya serap air mi kering. Kadar protein dan daya serap air tertinggi didapat dari sampel dengan substitusi tepung terigu:TPM 80 persen:20 persen dengan kadar protein dan daya serap air berturut turut yaitu 14,14 ± 0,10 persen, dan 145,33 ± 2,08 persen. Substitusi tepung terigu: TPM tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kesukaan panelis dari parameter warna, rasa, aroma, penampakan, tekstur dan penerimaan keseluruhan. Penambahan TPM menyebabkan perubahan warna mi menjadi kecokelatan dan rasa yang menyimpang yang tidak disukai panelis. TPM yang memiliki bau fermentasi yang khas memengaruhi aroma yang disukai panelis. Perlakuan substitusi tepung terigu:TPM 70 persen:30 persen memberikan nilai indeks efektivitas tertinggi. Substitusi TPM hingga 30 persen, mi kering masih disukai oleh panelis.
Efficacy of combined rehabilitation programs for infants with perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
Authors: Osmolovsky D. S. , Osmolovsky S. V. , Ovchinnikov A. V. , Perelomova O. V.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To evaluate the eﬃcacy of a combined rehabilitation program for infants with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system in the form of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE).

Materials and methods. In total, 173 six-month-old children who underwent hypoxia were included in the observational study. The rehabilitation program included medical massage and hydrokinesotherapy; myostimulation of the muscles of the back and limbs; dry immersion method; treatments on a Grosso simulator; ergotherapy; therapy with an elastic pseudo-boiling layer; speech therapy massage. The Griﬃth mental development scale was used to assess the psychomotor development of infants.

Results. Following a course of combined rehabilitation, a positive dynamic in improving functional disorders in children of the ﬁrst year of life who underwent perinatal HIE was revealed. This eﬀect was associated with improvements in motor and sensory functions, indicators of speech development and understanding speech, emotions and communication, thinking and play activity. A reduction in the backlog of psychomotor development by 1–2 checkup periods and a reduction in the risk of obtaining the status of a disabled child by 12 months was established.

Conclusion. Combined programs of long-term rehabilitation for infants with perinatal lesions of the central nervous system were conﬁrmed to be eﬀective due to the pos itive dynamics of functional activity indicators, acceleration of the formation of life support skills, and a threefold reduction in the level of disability.