bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IDENTIFICATION OF CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN MANAGEMENT IN MULTINATIONAL COMPANIES BASED IN SLOVAKIA
Authors: DelgadovĂˇ Elena , GullerovĂˇ Monika
Published: October 2017

: In 2004, Slovakia became a full-fledged member of the European Union. Since then, Slovakia has been one of the attractive investment locations for multinational companies in the region of Central Europe for its skilled and educated labor force. Managers who want to succeed in running multinational companies in culturally diverse settings must have the intercultural competence, i.e. the capability of thinking and acting in interculturally appropriate ways. The lack of intercultural competence skills in managers may result not only in miscommunication but can also be detrimental to the financial and economic success of organizations. The purpose of the paper was to identify cultural differences in management in German, Korean and French multinational companies operating in Slovakia. In the paper, the methods of questionnaire, literature research, analysis, synthesis were utilized. 160 respondents participated in the research on establishing cultural differences in management based on Hofstedeâ€™s model of cultural dimensions.
STUDENTSâ€™ PERCEPTIONS OF EXTRA-CURRICULAR ACTIVITIES IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES AS VALUE FOR THEIR PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCIES DEVELOPMENT AND FUTURE EMPLOYABILITY
Authors: Gavrilova Elena , Trostina Kira
Published: October 2017

The rationale behind this research is based on the claim that the students actively involved in university-geared extra-curricular activities (ECAs) in foreign languages gain higher employability than their uninvolved peers. With the recruitment market toughening and the universitiesâ€™ budgets tightening, the role of ECAs in increasing a studentâ€™s profile needs revisiting. This paper examines the correlation between participation in free-of-charge and fee-paying ECAs in foreign languages and greater opportunities for better employment. In recognizing the value of extra-curricular input in their future, studentâ€™s views of themselves are reshaped. This outcome results in an increase in the number of student-led versus teacher-initiated activities, thus developing studentsâ€™ autonomy, critical thinking, and cognitive skills. This article reports on the review and findings of the benefits of ECAs in a Russian economic university. The survey shows that employer-focused ECAs in foreign languages unfailingly provide university graduates with an added edge. The paper concludes with a proposal that inexperienced job-hunters have more confidence to seek better employment when armed with a portfolio of achievements in ECAs and non-degree courses.
USE OF ANTIOPRESSIVE APPROACH IN CZECH SOCIAL WORK WITH HOMELESS PEOPLE
Authors: GlumbĂ­kovĂˇ KateĹ™ina , GojovĂˇ Alice , VĂˇvrovĂˇ SoĹa
Published: October 2017

The article deals with the use of an anti-oppressive approach in Czech social work focused on homeless people. The theoretical part, among others, looks into the intersectionality of oppression with homeless people. This contribution also presents partial results from two research studies focused on the reflection of oppression by homeless people. The results show that oppression is perceived as pervasive and interconnected by homeless people. Intrinsically, it forms a barrier in the process of their reintegration into permanent housing forms and a barrier to their access to health services. The necessity of applying the anti-oppressive approach in Czech social work can be clearly deduced from the obtained outcomes. Specifically, its individual instruments such as the production of counter-narratives to oppressive metanarratives, advocacy, critical reflection, and agency.
Perineal colostomy prolapse: a novel application of mesh sacral pexy
Authors: Landen S , Ursaru D , Delugeau V , Landen C
Published: October 2017

Full thickness colonic prolapse following pseudocontinent perineal colostomy has not been previously reported. Possible contributing factors include a large skin aperture at the site of the perineal stoma, the absence of anal sphincters and mesorectal attachments and the presence of a perineal hernia. A novel application of sacral pexy combined with perineal hernia repair using two prosthetic meshes is described.
The provision of surgical tracheostomies by maxillofacial surgeons in the UK: time for a dedicated tracheostomy team?
Authors: Chohan P , Elledge R , Virdi MK , Walton GM
Published: October 2017

Surgical tracheostomy is a commonly provided service by surgical teams for patients in intensive care where percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy is contraindicated. A number of factors may interfere with its provision on shared emergency operating lists, potentially prolonging the stay in intensive care. We undertook a two-part project to examine the factors that might delay provision of surgical tracheostomy in the intensive care unit. The first part was a prospective audit of practice within the University Hospital Coventry. This was followed by a telephone survey of oral and maxillofacial surgery units throughout the UK.

In the intensive care unit at University Hospital Coventry, of 39 referrals, 21 (53.8%) were delayed beyond 24 hours. There was a mean (standard deviation) time to delay of 2.2 days (0.9 days) and the most common cause of delay was surgeon decision, accounting for 13 (61.9%) delays. From a telephone survey of 140 units nationwide, 40 (28.4%) were regularly involved in the provision of surgical tracheostomies for intensive care and 17 (42.5%) experienced delays beyond 24 hours, owing to a combination of theatre availability (76.5%) and surgeon availability (47.1%). There is case for having a dedicated tracheostomy team and provisional theatre slot to optimise patient outcomes and reduce delays. We aim to implement such a move within our unit and audit the outcomes prospectively following this change.
Infection of PTFE mesh 15 years following pedicled TRAM flap breast reconstruction: mechanism and aetiology
Authors: Elfaki A , Gkorila A , Khatib M , Malata CM
Published: October 2017

The pedicled transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous (TRAM) flap procedure is still widely used for breast reconstruction. The repair of the flap harvest site in the transverse rectus abdominis muscle and sheath is often assisted by the use of prosthetic meshes. This decreases the risk of abdominal wall weakness and herniation but, being a foreign body, it also carries the risk of infection. In this report, we describe the case of a 63-year-old patient who, whilst receiving chemotherapy for metastatic breast cancer, presented with an infected polytetrafluoroethylene mesh 15 years after pedicled TRAM flap immediate breast reconstruction. This necessitated mesh removal to treat the infection. Following a thorough review of the English literature, this is the longest recorded presentation of an abdominal prosthetic mesh infection. The mechanism and aetiology of such a late complication are discussed.
Video-assisted anal fistula treatment: a high volume unit initial experience
Authors: Cheung FY , Appleton ND , Rout S , Kalaiselvan R , Nicholson JA , Samad A , Chadwick M , Rajaganeshan R
Published: October 2017

Introduction

Perianal fistulas are a common problem. Video-assisted anal fistula treatment is a new technique for the management of this difficult condition. We describe our initial experience with the technique to facilitate the treatment of established perianal fistulas.

Methods

We reviewed a prospectively maintained database relating to consecutive patients undergoing video-assisted anal fistula treatment in a single unit.

Results

Seventy-eight consecutive patients had their perianal fistulas treated with video-assistance from November 2014 to June 2016. Complete follow-up data were available in 74 patients, with median follow-up of 14 months (interquartile range 7–19 months). There were no complications and all patients were treated as day cases. Most patients had recurrent disease, with 57 (77%) having had previous fistula surgery. At follow-up, 60 (81%) patients reported themselves ‘cured’ (asymptomatic) including 5 patients with Crohn’s disease and one who had undergone 10 previous surgical procedures. Logistical stepwise regression did not demonstrate any statistically significant factors that may have been considered to affect outcome (age, gender, diabetes, previous I&D, Crohn’s disease, smoking, type of fistula).

Conclusions

Our data have shown that video-assisted anal fistula treatment is safe and effective in the management of perianal fistulas in our patients and this suggests it may be applied to all patients regardless of comorbidity, underlying pathology or type of fistula.
Reviews
Authors: Gangnes Madeline B. , Keepers Erin , Cooley Kevin , Simpson Will D.
Published: October 2017

Drawing the Line: Comics Studies and INKS, 1994 to 1997, Lucy Shelton Caswell and Jared Gardner (eds) (2017) Columbus, OH: The Ohio State University Press, 334 pp., ISBN: 9780814254004, p/bk, $27.95/£22.95

‘Comics Remixed’: University of Florida’s 14th Annual Conference on Comics and Graphic Novels, Gainesville, Florida, 7–9 April 2017

Krazy: George Herriman, a Life in Black and White, Michael Tisserand (2016) New York: Harper, 560 pp., ISBN: 9780061732997, h/bk, $35

On the Origin of Superheroes: From the Big Bang to Action Comics No. 1, Chris Gavaler (2015) Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 264 pp., ISBN: 1609383818, p/bk, £16.95
Ways of improvement of the city road network functioning
Authors: Dzyura Volodymyr
Published: October 2017

According to analysis of the diagram an hour-long traffic vehicles intensity determined the directions of improvement functioning of the road network of the city, by redistribution of traffic streams on sections of the road network by optimization traffic light cycles. Traffic lights cycles proposed to distribute by analyzing the distribution laws of traffic streams at crossroads during the day. By analyzing of statistical data for characteristics determination of distribution proposed to use a small sample theory that provides to get a reliable data in a short period of time. Evaluation of the effectiveness of implementation proposed measures is realizing by Student and Fisher criterions.
Prospects on Ukrainian logistics market orientation for international customers
Authors: Karpenko Olena , Kovalchuk Svitlana , Shevchuk Oksana
Published: October 2017

The article analysed and established the current trends in the logistics environment in Ukraine. There was grounded the necessity of implementing the principles of customer management to the systems of logistic service. There was formulated conceptual mechanism of choosing the optimal carrier based on the methodology of time deviations control in the provision of transport services.
The role of legal regulation and place of international organisations in transport companies’ development at foreign market
Authors: Lyashuk Oleh , Lototska Viktoria , Kuzmych Valentyna
Published: October 2017

The article deals with the analysis of the market of international trucking transport companies. The study is based on statistics and works of domestic and foreign scholars on the issue of current state and prospects of market development. Dedicated dynamics and structure of international trucking market, features of export, import and transit trucking. Identified the main priorities for the development and growth of the market.
Aplicação de técnicas direct push para caracterização litoestratigráfica de alta resolução em ambiente aluvionar
Authors: De Freitas Leandro Gomes , Pede Marco Aurélio Zequim , Chang Hung Kiang
Published: October 2017

A aplicação de técnicas de investigação de alta resolução, com base em métodos Direct Push, para caracterização litoestratigráfica de áreas contaminadas, vem possibilitando a obtenção de modelos conceituais mais consistentes. Para avaliar a aplicação dessas técnicas em ambientes aluvionares, adotou-se como área de estudo o campus da USP Leste, no município de São Paulo. Foram analisadas três técnicas de campo: ensaios com sensor de condutividade elétrica da sonda MIP, ensaios com o sistema Soil Color Optical Screening Tool (SCOST) e amostragem de solo pelo método Dual Tube. Adicionalmente, procedimentos laboratoriais foram adotados para caracterização granulométrica e análises do teor de matéria orgânica das amostras de solo. Os perfis obtidos em campo pelo MIP e pelo SCOST apresentaram boa correlação qualitativa com as descrições litológicas e com os perfis granulométricos, refinando a caracterização litoestratigráfica. Já as análises do perfil de matéria orgânica mostraram a presença de camadas com elevado teor orgânico, indicando elevado potencial metanogênico, principalmente nas camadas de argilas e siltes orgânicos em meio aos sedimentos quaternários. As técnicas Direct Push adotadas demonstram um grande potencial para a caracterização litoestratigráfica em alta resolução de ambientes aluvionares.
LANDSLIDE RECLAMATION IN ŠÁRKA VALLEY
Authors: Vaníček Martin
Published: October 2017

Housing development in Šárka’s valley is situated in former brickworks – borrow pit for brick-clay. On its north side the borrow pit cutting is up to 8m high with main road on top. This slope was suffering from progressive landslide mainly due to weathering and surface erosion. The reclamation works proposed and afterwards executed consisted of stabilizing the slope by combination of soil nailing and connecting reinforced slope with surcharge bench at its toe. The final reinforced soil structure nicely merged into the surrounding environment.
The pricing of spread option using simulation
Authors: Erfanian Hamid Reza , Ghaznavi Bidgoli Seyed Jaliledin , Shakibaei Parvin
Published: October 2017

Monte Carlo simulation is one of the most common and popular method of options pricing. The advantages of this method are being easy to use, suitable for all kinds of standard and exotic options and also are suitable for higher dimensional problems. But on the other hand Monte Carlo variance convergence rate is which due to that it will have relatively slow convergence rate to answer the problems, as to achieve  accuracy when it has been d-dimensions, complexity is . For this purpose, several methods are provided in quasi Monte Carlo simulation to increase variance convergence rate as variance reduction techniques, so far. One of the latest presented methods is multilevel Monte Carlo that is introduced by Giles in 2008. This method not only reduces the complexity of computing amount  in use of Euler discretization scheme and the amount  in use of Milstein discretization scheme, but also has the ability to combine with other variance reduction techniques. In this paper, using Multilevel Monte Carlo method by taking Milstein discretization scheme, pricing spread option and compared complexity of computing with standard Monte Carlo method. The results of Multilevel Monte Carlo method in pricing spread options are better than standard Monte Carlo simulation.
¿Es suficiente la paz estructural para Colombia?. Ramírez, M. (2013). La paz sin engaños: estrategias de solución para el conflicto colombiano. Bogotá, D.C.: Ediciones Unisalle.
Authors: Mejía Jerez Yuly Andrea
Published: October 2017

La paz sin engaños: estrategias de solución para el conflicto colombiano es un libro elaborado por Mario Ramírez-Orozco, doctor de Estudios Latinoamericanos de la Universidad Autónoma Nacional de México. El libro es producto de varios años de experiencia investigativa en temas de paz, conflictos y democracia por parte del autor, está compuesto por cuatro capítulos: en el primero de ellos se aborda conceptualmente la paz estructural; en el segundo se realiza un análisis histórico de los procesos de paz en Colombia; posteriormente, se expone y analiza la estructura socioeconómica del país desde la independencia española; finalmente, se presenta una propuesta integral de paz estructural, que comprende modificaciones al modelo político, económico-social y jurídico de Colombia para garantizar una paz sostenible en el porvenir.
ZIDRES Law: Emergent Normative Foundation of State Legitimacy in Rural Areas in Colombia
Authors: Rico Méndez Gina Paola
Published: October 2017

Este trabajo surge del análisis de las transformaciones en la narrativa sobre seguridad alimentaria y sus efectos sobre los fundamentos normativos de la legitimidad estatal y la gobernanza rural. El concepto de seguridad alimentaria es diferente, en tanto los países no necesitan depender exclusivamente de la producción agrícola nacional para alimentar su población. Simultáneamente, países con tierra cultivable disponible, como Colombia, se encuentran expuestos a una creciente demanda de tierras para proyectos agrícolas; este fenómeno está transformando la gobernanza rural. El artículo sugiere que el Estado está dispuesto a ceder funciones de gobierno a inversionistas privados en áreas remotas, esperando crecimiento económico, control poblacional y provisión de bienes públicos. Dicho modelo tiene importantes implicaciones para el post-acuerdo en Colombia.
Scalable replay-based replication for fast databases
Authors: Qin Dai , Brown Angela Demke , Goel Ashvin
Published: October 2017

Primary-backup replication is commonly used for providing fault tolerance in databases. It is performed by replaying the database recovery log on a backup server. Such a scheme raises several challenges for modern, high-throughput multi-core databases. It is hard to replay the recovery log concurrently, and so the backup can become the bottleneck. Moreover, with the high transaction rates on the primary, the log transfer can cause network bottlenecks. Both these bottlenecks can significantly slow the primary database.

In this paper, we propose using record-replay for replicating fast databases. Our design enables replay to be performed scalably and concurrently, so that the backup performance scales with the primary performance. At the same time, our approach requires only 15--20% of the network bandwidth required by traditional logging, reducing network infrastructure costs significantly.
Relaxed operator fusion for in-memory databases
Authors: Menon Prashanth , Mowry Todd C. , Pavlo Andrew
Published: October 2017

In-memory database management systems (DBMSs) are a key component of modern on-line analytic processing (OLAP) applications, since they provide low-latency access to large volumes of data. Because disk accesses are no longer the principle bottleneck in such systems, the focus in designing query execution engines has shifted to optimizing CPU performance. Recent systems have revived an older technique of using just-in-time (JIT) compilation to execute queries as native code instead of interpreting a plan. The state-of-the-art in query compilation is to fuse operators together in a query plan to minimize materialization overhead by passing tuples efficiently between operators. Our empirical analysis shows, however, that more tactful materialization yields better performance.

We present a query processing model called "relaxed operator fusion" that allows the DBMS to introduce staging points in the query plan where intermediate results are temporarily materialized. This allows the DBMS to take advantage of inter-tuple parallelism inherent in the plan using a combination of prefetching and SIMD vectorization to support faster query execution on data sets that exceed the size of CPU-level caches. Our evaluation shows that our approach reduces the execution time of OLAP queries by up to 2.2× and achieves up to 1.8× better performance compared to other in-memory DBMSs.
Efficient Haar
+
synopsis construction for the maximum absolute error measure
Authors: Kim Jinhyun , Min Jun-Ki , Shim Kyuseok
Published: October 2017

Several wavelet synopsis construction algorithms were previously proposed based on dynamic programming for unrestricted Haar wavelet synopses as well as Haar
+
synopses. However, they find an optimal synopsis for every incoming value in each node of a coefficient tree, even if different incoming values share an identical optimal synopsis. To alleviate the limitation, we present novel algorithms, which keep only a minimal set of the distinct optimal synopses in each node of the tree, for the error-bounded synopsis problem. Furthermore, we propose the methods to restrict coefficient values to be considered to compute the optimal synopses in each node. In addition, by partitioning all optimal synopses in each node into a set of groups, such that every group can be represented by a compact representation, we significantly improve the performance of the proposed algorithms.
Quale dio per quale vita?
Authors: Torri Paolo
Published: October 2017

The article consists of an analysis of Chapter 28 of theDidaskalikosof Alcinous, a compendium of Platonic doctrine which, most probably, goes back to imperial Platonism or Middle Platonism. In this chapter Alcinous sets out the doctrine of the τέλος (or the end of life, the ethical ideal) through the formula ὁμοίωσις θεῷ (“assimilation to god”). Beginning from a reading of the chapter, various solutions are proposed to exegetical problems, which are still debated, concerning the significance of this formula within Platonic ethics of the imperial period. In particular, a careful study of the identity of the ἐπουράνιος θεός (“the god above the heavens”), towards whom, so Alcinous specifies, ὁμοίωσις should be directed, has produced new results compared to the existing scholarly tradition. The final part of the article treats another passage relevant to the reception of the doctrine, raising doubts about the traditional reading as concerns the nature of the θεωρητικὸς βίος, which will emerge as the most comprehensive idea of philosophical life, which cannot be reduced to the contemplative life alone.
A novel model to predict positive prostate biopsy based on serum androgen level
Authors: Ujike Takeshi , Uemura Motohide , Kawashima Atsunari , Nagahara Akira , Fujita Kazutoshi , Miyagawa Yasushi , Nonomura Norio
Published: October 2017

Circulating levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and testosterone are widely used for the detection of prostate cancer prior to prostate biopsy; however, both remain controversial. Effective screening strategies based on quantitative factors could help avoid unnecessary biopsies. Here, we sought to clarify the predictive value of free testosterone (FT) vs total testosterone (TT) in identifying patients likely to have positive biopsies. This study aims to develop a novel model for predicting positive prostate biopsy based on serum androgen levels. This study included 253 Japanese patients who underwent prostate biopsy at our institution. TT and FT, %FT (=FT/TT), age, PSA, prostate volume (PV) and PSA density (PSAD = PSA/PV) were assessed for association with prostate biopsy findings. The following results were obtained. Of 253 patients, 145 (57.3%) had positive biopsies. Compared to the negative biopsy group, the positive biopsy group demonstrated higher age, PSA and PSAD but lower PV, FT and %FT by univariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated PSA, PSAD and %FT were independent predictors of cancer detection. We developed a predictive model based on PSAD and %FT, for which the area under the curve was significantly greater than that of PSA (0.82 vs 0.66), a well-known predictor. Applying this analysis to the subset of patients with PSA <10 ng/mL yielded similar results. We confirmed the utility of this model in another independent cohort of 88 patients. In conclusion, lower %FT predicted a positive prostate biopsy. We constructed a predictive model based on %FT and PSAD, which are easily obtained prior to biopsy.
The pioneering of intracytoplasmic sperm injection: historical perspectives
Authors: Rosenwaks Zev , Pereira Nigel
Published: October 2017

Intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) has often been heralded as a ground-breaking technique that has transformed the treatment of couples with infertility. By injecting a single spermatozoon into the cytoplasm of the oocyte, ICSI bypasses the zona pellucida and increases the chances of fertilization and subsequent embryo development, independent of semen parameters. Ever since the first live births using ICSI were reported in 1992, ICSI has become the mainstay of treating male factor infertility as well as overcoming fertilization failure associated with conventionalin vitroinsemination. Today, ICSI is utilized in nearly 66% of all assisted reproductive treatments worldwide and has resulted in the birth of millions of babies. The primary goal of this review is to provide historical perspectives about the pioneering of ICSI. We begin by highlighting the scientific work of early investigators who elucidated the mechanisms central to mammalian fertilization. Furthermore, we briefly discuss how these findings contributed to the development of IVF for the treatment of infertility. We then emphasize the shortcomings of IVF in treating severe forms of male factor infertility and enumerate the micromanipulation techniques that were developed to circumvent these shortcomings. Finally, we indicate how the inadequacies of these micromanipulation techniques lead to the inception, application and popularity of ICSI.
Reconstructing the Molecular Function of Genetic Variation in Regulatory Networks
Authors: Wilentzik Roni , Ye Chun Jimmie , Gat-Viks Irit
Published: October 2017

Genetic studies have recognized hundreds of genomic quantitative trait loci as potential contributors to inherited transcriptional variation in response..

Over the past decade, genetic studies have recognized hundreds of polymorphic DNA loci called response QTLs (reQTLs) as potential contributors to interindividual variation in transcriptional responses to stimulations. Such reQTLs commonly affect the transduction of signals along the regulatory network that controls gene transcription. Identifying the pathways through which reQTLs perturb the underlying network has been a major challenge. Here, we present GEVIN (“Genome-wide Embedding of Variation In Networks”), a methodology that simultaneously identifies a reQTL and the particular pathway in which the reQTL affects downstream signal transduction along the network. Using synthetic data, we show that this algorithm outperforms existing pathway identification and reQTL identification methods. We applied GEVIN to the analysis of murine and human dendritic cells in response to pathogenic components. These analyses revealed significant reQTLs together with their perturbed Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. GEVIN thus offers a powerful framework that renders a comprehensive picture of disease-related DNA loci and their molecular functions within regulatory networks.
The Hybrid Incompatibility Genes Lhr and Hmr Are Required for Sister Chromatid Detachment During Anaphase but Not for Centromere Function
Authors: Blum Jacob A , Bonaccorsi Silvia , Marzullo Marta , Palumbo Valeria , Yamashita Yukiko M , Barbash Daniel A , Gatti Maurizio
Published: October 2017

Crosses between Drosophila melanogaster females and Drosophila simulans males produce hybrid sons that die at the larval stage. This hybrid lethality is suppressed by loss-of-function mutations in the D. melanogaster Hybrid male rescue (Hmr) or in the D. simulans Lethal hybrid rescue (Lhr) genes. Previous studies have shown that Hmr and Lhr interact with heterochromatin proteins and suppress expression of transposable elements within D. melanogaster. It also has been proposed that Hmr and Lhr function at the centromere. We examined mitotic divisions in larval brains from Hmr and Lhr single mutants and Hmr; Lhr double mutants in D. melanogaster. In none of the mutants did we observe defects in metaphase chromosome alignment or hyperploid cells, which are hallmarks of centromere or kinetochore dysfunction. In addition, we found that Hmr-HA and Lhr-HA do not colocalize with centromeres either during interphase or mitotic division. However, all mutants displayed anaphase bridges and chromosome aberrations resulting from the breakage of these bridges, predominantly at the euchromatin–heterochromatin junction. The few dividing cells present in hybrid males showed fuzzy and irregularly condensed chromosomes with unresolved sister chromatids. Despite this defect in condensation, chromosomes in hybrids managed to align on the metaphase plate and undergo anaphase. We conclude that there is no evidence for a centromeric function of Hmr and Lhr within D. melanogaster nor for a centromere defect causing hybrid lethality. Instead, we find that Hmr and Lhr are required in D. melanogaster for detachment of sister chromatids during anaphase.
Distinguishing Among Modes of Convergent Adaptation Using Population Genomic Data
Authors: Lee Kristin M , Coop Graham
Published: October 2017

Cases of convergent adaptation demonstrate the power of natural selection and can be used as an important tool for studying the molecular and ecological..

Geographically separated populations can convergently adapt to the same selection pressure. Convergent evolution at the level of a gene may arise via three distinct modes. The selected alleles can (1) have multiple independent mutational origins, (2) be shared due to shared ancestral standing variation, or (3) spread throughout subpopulations via gene flow. We present a model-based, statistical approach that utilizes genomic data to detect cases of convergent adaptation at the genetic level, identify the loci involved and distinguish among these modes. To understand the impact of convergent positive selection on neutral diversity at linked loci, we make use of the fact that hitchhiking can be modeled as an increase in the variance in neutral allele frequencies around a selected site within a population. We build on coalescent theory to show how shared hitchhiking events between subpopulations act to increase covariance in allele frequencies between subpopulations at loci near the selected site, and extend this theory under different models of migration and selection on the same standing variation. We incorporate this hitchhiking effect into a multivariate normal model of allele frequencies that also accounts for population structure. Based on this theory, we present a composite-likelihood-based approach that utilizes genomic data to identify loci involved in convergence, and distinguishes among alternate modes of convergent adaptation. We illustrate our method on genome-wide polymorphism data from two distinct cases of convergent adaptation. First, we investigate the adaptation for copper toxicity tolerance in two populations of the common yellow monkey flower, Mimulus guttatus. We show that selection has occurred on an allele that has been standing in these populations prior to the onset of copper mining in this region. Lastly, we apply our method to data from four populations of the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus, that show very rapid convergent adaptation for tolerance to industrial pollutants. Here, we identify a single locus at which both independent mutation events and selection on an allele shared via gene flow, either slightly before or during selection, play a role in adaptation across the species’ range.
Integralidade no cuidado a usuários com lesões de pele: percepção dos profissionais da atenção primária
Authors: Bandeira Andrea Gonçalves , Bello Heloísa Maria Reckziegel , Trennepohl Caroline , Pizzinato Adolfo
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: Conhecer a percepção de profissionais de enfermagem inseridos na Atenção Primária em Saúde sobre aplicação do princípio da integralidade no cuidado a usuários com lesões de pele.Materiais e Métodos: Abordagem qualitativa teve coleta dos dados realizada em diferentes serviços de Porto Alegre, em 2012. A população compreendeu sete enfermeiros e 14 técnicos de enfermagem, que atuam em unidades de saúde que foram campo de prática de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde da Família e Comunidade. Para a coleta de dados foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada, as entrevistas foram agendadas previamente conforme a disponibilidade dos profissionais, individual, com duração média de 20 minutos.Resultados: Foram organizados em torno do eixo Integralidade no cuidado de lesões de pele e deste emergiram duas categorias: (1) integralidade – conhecimento versus distanciamento; (2) o cuidado integral a usuários com lesão de pele – da teoria à prática.Conclusão: Os participantes mostraram-se protagonistas ativos da integralidade neste campo de prática, apesar das críticas às dificuldades do processo de trabalho em saúde e os desafios encontrados.
Ventilação mecânica não invasiva na bronquiolite viral aguda: estudo de coorte retrospectivo
Authors: Borges Aline Morás , Schaan Camila Wohlgemuth , Amantéa Sergio Luis , Lukrafka Janice Luisa
Published: October 2017

Objetivo: Avaliar a utilização da ventilação mecânica não invasiva (VMNI) sobre parâmetros clínicos nas primeiras 24 horas em pacientes internados em uma emergência pediátrica com diagnóstico de bronquiolite viral aguda (BVA).Materiais e Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo através de coleta de dados de prontuários de crianças internadas com diagnóstico de BVA que fizeram uso de VMNI em uma emergência pediátrica durante dois invernos consecutivos. Dados coletados: demográficos (sexo, idade), características clínicas (frequência cardíaca, frequência respiratória, saturação periférica de oxigênio), tempo de uso da VMNI, internação em UTI pediátrica e tempo de internação. Foram utilizados testes de Friedman e Wilcoxon para comparação de variáveis clínicas entre cada período de tempo, teste de Mann-Withney e ANOVA para comparações entre o grupo que utilizou e não utilizou VMNI.Resultados: Amostra composta por 14 pacientes, o tipo de vírus mais prevalente foi o vírus sincicial respiratório, o modo ventilatório não invasivo predominantemente utilizado foi o CPAP. Não houve diferença significativa dos sinais vitais em relação ao momento da instalação da VMNI, seis, 12 e 24 horas. Na utilização de oxigênio suplementar houve diferença significativa entre o momento da instalação da VMNI e após 24 horas. Quando comparadas as características clínicas dos pacientes que falharam na VMNI e necessitaram de suporte ventilatório invasivo, a frequência cardíaca diferiu significativamente tanto no momento da instalação da VMNI como após 6 horas.Conclusão: Houve redução significativa da necessidade de oxigênio suplementar após 24 horas da instalação da VMNI. Não foram observadas diferenças significativas nas demais características clínicas dos pacientes.
Análise da gestão de resíduos em uma Unidade fabril coureiro calçadista: utilização da perspectiva de Bardintilização da perspectiva de Bardin
Authors: Bidinoto Maíni Crestani , Sudati Lucas Urach , Souto Augusto José Pinto , Perdoná Igor Idalgo , Naimer Simone Caberte , Godoy Leoni Pentiado
Published: October 2017

O processo de coleta e destinação final dos resíduos sólidos gerados é apresentado como um dos maiores desafios a serem enfrentados pela sociedade moderna. Com isso, o presente estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a geração de resíduos nos processos produtivos em uma Unidade fabril de calçados em couro, localizada no Centro-Oeste do estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Por meio de investigações, foi identificado que a questão dos resíduos industriais gerados pela Unidade se trata de um problema relevante a ser analisado. Para isso, foram utilizadas técnicas de análise de dados quantitativa e qualitativa, avaliando e identificando ações para que a Unidade seja remodelada objetivando a efetividade econômica e, principalmente, a ampliação e investimento em ações que visam à preservação do meio-ambiente, a fim de garantir qualidade de vida para as atuais e futuras gerações, através de uma consciência sustentável.
Industrie 4.0: Formação de Redes de Projeto em Manufatura Distribuída
Authors: Cardoso dos Santos Durão Luiz Fernando , De Carvalho Marly Monteiro , Zancul Eduardo de Senzi
Published: October 2017

A integração de tecnologias modernas de Internet e tecnologias de manufatura, o que vem se denominando de Industrie 4.0, permite a produção distribuída usando manufatura aditiva em escala global com integração de máquinas e de processos. No entanto, manufatura distribuída impõe muitos desafios quanto a padronização, ao controle de qualidade e a gestão da informação em diferentes locais de fabricação. Este artigo tem como objetivo investigar a formação de redes em projetos de manufatura distribuída, identificando seus atores e tipos de conexões ao longo do projeto.  A abordagem metodológica foi de pesquisa-ação longitudinal para um projeto de manufatura distribuída com foco em manufatura flexível, sendo a fábrica central localizada na Alemanha e o sítio de produção localizado no Brasil. O design e engenharia que gerou o modelo de produto foi desenvolvido na Alemanha, enquanto que o sítio de manufatura aditiva, a infraestrutura produtiva e as máquinas são localizados no Brasil, formando uma rede de desenvolvimento e manufatura distribuída. Os resultados permitiram identificar como é organizada a comunicação e o compartilhamento do conhecimento entre os envolvidos no projeto de manufatura distribuída, e, além disso, compreender que tipo de conhecimento é compartilhado entre os envolvidos.
Índices de desenvolvimento municipais e royalties do petróleo: uma abordagem multivariada de comparação de perfis entre municípios que recebem ou não royalties pelo petróleo produzido
Authors: Pereira Danilo Alessandro Lüdke , Neto Anselmo Chaves
Published: October 2017

O setor petrolífero brasileiro vem obtendo altos índices de crescimento e em 2006 foi anunciada a autossuficiência em Petróleo. De 1991 a 2011, a Petrobrás teve um crescimento de 164% nas suas reservas. Nesse mesmo período, o Brasil aprovou a lei do petróleo (Lei No 9.478), estabelecendo novos critérios para a transferência de royalties do petróleo para os municípios brasileiros. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo verificar se os pagamentos de royalties aos municípios, de alguma forma, têm contribuído para melhorar os seus indicadores sociais. Portanto, foi feita uma comparação entre municípios de mesmo porte populacional que recebem ou não royalties. Para a comparação foram utilizadas as variáveis: IDHM, IFDM, IDEB e incidência de pobreza. Utilizou-se das técnicas de Análise de Perfis, Análise de Agrupamento e Análise Fatorial com objetivo de verificar se existe diferença entre as matrizes de dados referentes aos municípios que recebem e os que não recebem royalties.
Inserção de parâmetros controladores da aleatoriedade no método GRASP aplicado a um problema de programação de horários em escolas
Authors: Pereira Renato Santos , Lacruz Adonai José
Published: October 2017

Investigam-se neste estudo as implicações da inserção de parâmetros controladores da aleatoriedade (PCA) na primeira fase do método GRASP aplicado a um problema de coloração de grafos, mais especificamente na programação de horários do tipo professor-turma de uma escola pública. O algoritmo (com a inclusão de PCA) foi baseado em variáveis críticas identificadas por meio de grupo focal e cujos pesos podem ser ajustados pelo usuário, a fim de suprir as necessidades específicas da instituição de ensino. Os resultados do experimento computacional, com dados de 11 anos (66 observações) de uma mesma escola, indicam que a inclusão dos PCA tende a diminuir de forma estatisticamente significante as distâncias entre soluções iniciais e mínimos locais. A aceitação e utilização das soluções encontradas levam a concluir que o GRASP modificado, tal como construído, contribui para a elaboração da agenda dos professores na instituição de ensino investigada.
Q460C welded box-section columns under eccentric compression
Authors: Yan Xiao-Lei , Li Guo-Qiang , Wang Yan-Bo
Published: October 2017

The buckling behaviour of axially loaded high-strength steel (HSS) columns has been researched to extend the scope of design codes to cover higher strength steels. However, intended and unintended load eccentricity will induce bending combined with axial compression in columns. The design of HSS columns in bending and axial compression is limited due to a lack of test data and good understanding. This paper presents an experimental and numerical study on the ultimate strength of HSS columns subject to eccentric compression. Seven Q460C steel welded box-section columns with width-to-thickness ratio of 18, 12 and 8 were tested to failure. A comparison of the test strength with the design strength predicted according to current Chinese and European codes showed the conservatism of the design interaction formulae. A finite-element model with consideration of initial geometric imperfection and residual stress was developed and verified against the test results. Extensive parametric analyses were conducted to investigate the effects of slenderness, eccentric ratio and width-to-thickness ratio on the ultimate strength of eccentrically loaded columns. Finally, modifications of current design formula to include HSS box-section column in bending and axial compression were developed.
The Unequal Distribution of Economic Education: A Report on the Race, Ethnicity, and Gender of Economics Majors at US Colleges and Universities
Authors: Bayer Amanda , Wilcox David
Published: October 2017

The distribution of economic education among US college graduates is quite unequal: female and underrepresented minority undergraduates, collectively, major in economics at 0.36 the rate that white, non-Hispanic male students do. This paper makes a four-part contribution to address this imbalance. First and foremost, we provide detailed comparative data at the institution level to provoke and inform the attention of economists and senior administrators at colleges and universities, among others. Second, we establish a definition of full inclusion in economic education on college and university campuses and use that definition to evaluate the status quo and to compare institutions. Third, we illuminate the reasons why the need to improve the distribution of economic education is urgent, including the imperative to support economic policymaking. Lastly, we point the way forward, identifying both currently available resources and reasonable next steps for all involved parties to take.
The Customary Anatomy of the Traditional Governance of the Bafokeng Traditional Community: The Implications of the Constitutional Recognition of Hereditary Headmanship
Authors: Khunou Samuel Freddy
Published: October 2017

The institution of the hereditary headmanship of the Bafokeng traditional community in the North West Province, South Africa has been in existence from time immemorial. It survived the calamities and vicissitudes of both the colonial and the apartheid regimes. The question asked here is whether the hereditary headmanship is relevant in the new constitutional dispensation or, to put the question differently, whether this customary practice is in line with the dictates and ethos of the Constitution. This article asserts that the customary practice of hereditary headmanship of Bafokeng is still apposite and fitting in the new South Africa. In particular, it is in accord with the Constitution, as is the customary practice of the Cala community in the Eastern Cape, which requires its headmen to be elected by members of the community from time to time.
Fix the computer v1
Authors: Bassi Sebastian
Published: October 2017

This protocol tells how to fix the computer
Drug drug interaction extraction from the literature using a recursive neural network v1
Authors: Lim Sangrak , Lee Kyubum , Kang Jaewoo
Published: October 2017

Detecting drug-drug interactions (DDI) is important because information on DDIs canhelp prevent adverse effects from drug combinations. Since there are many new DDI-related papers published in the biomedical domain, manually extracting DDIinformation from the literature is a laborious task. However, text mining can be used tofind DDIs in the biomedical literature. Among the recently developed neural networks,we use a Recursive Neural Network to improve the performance of DDI extraction. Ourmodel uses a position feature, a subtree containment feature, and an ensemblemethod to improve the performance of DDI extraction. Compared with the state-of-the-art models, our DDI detection and type classifiers performed 4.4% and 2.8% better,respectively, on the DDIExtraction Challenge'13 test data. We also validated our modelon the PK DDI corpus that consists of two types of DDIs data: in vivo DDI and in vitroDDI. Compared with the existing model, our detection classifier performed 2.3% and6.7% better on in vivo and in vitro data respectively. The results of our validationdemonstrate that our model can automatically extract DDIs better than existing models.
lithium chloride purification, a rapid and efficienttechnique to purify RNA from DSS-treated tissus v1
Authors: Viennois Emilie
Published: October 2017

Dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) is commonly used in mouse studies to induce a very reproduciblecolitis that effectively mimics the clinical and histological features of human inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)patients, especially ulcerative colitis. However, the mechanisms of action of DSS remain poorly understood, andobservations by our laboratory and other groups indicate that DSS contamination of colonic tissues from DSStreatedmice potently inhibits the quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)amplification of mRNA.A prior study used poly-A-mediated mRNA purification to remove DSS from RNA extracts, but we hereinreport a second efficient and cost-effective approach to counteract this inhibition, using lithium chlorideprecipitation to entirely remove DSS from RNAs. We also explored how DSS interferes with qRT-PCR process, andwe report for the first time that DSS can alter the binding of reverse transcriptase to previously primed RNA andspecifically inhibits the enzymatic activities of reverse transcriptase and Taq polymerase in vitro. This likely explainswhy DSS-treated colonic RNA is not suitable to qRT-PCR amplification without a previous purification step.In summary, we provide a simple method to remove DSS from colonic RNAs, and we demonstrate forthe first time that DSS can inhibit the activities of both polymerase and reverse transcriptase. In order to reliablyanalyze gene expression in the colonic mucosa of DSS-treated mice, the efficiency rate of qRT-PCR must be thesame between all the different experimental groups, including the water-treated control group, suggesting thatwhatever the duration and the percentage of the DSS treatment, RNAs must be purified.
The geographical interest of historical documents to interpret the scientific evolution of the glacier existing in the Veleta cirque (Sierra Nevada, Spain) during the Little Ice Age
Authors: Gómez-Ortiz A. , Oliva M. , Salvador-Franch F. , Salvà-Catarineu M. , Plana-Castellví J.
Published: October 2017

Historical documents have shown their potential to infer the origin and evolution of the glacier existing in the Veleta cirque, in the massif of Sierra Nevada (Spain). This information encompasses written sources spanning from the 17th to the mid-20th centuries, and provides valuable knowledge about the Little Ice Age. These new data complement the already existing geomorphological knowledge about the natural system and landscape evolution in Sierra Nevada, particularly with regards to glacial geomorphic events in the summit areas. From a transdisciplinary methodological approach, the results show that the Veleta glacier was a singular geomorphic event that owed its existence to the particular environmental conditions of the high lands of Sierra Nevada, besides the favourable morpho-topographical setting, altitude, aspect as well as microclimate conditions prevailing in this area.
Государственная политика управления стратегическими отраслями экономики: методы, инструменты, технология
Authors: Иванова Анна Александровна
Published: October 2017

Данное исследование посвящено обзору основных методов, инструментов и технологии управления стратегическими отраслями экономики и анализу их применимости в современных условиях. Автором дается дефиниция стратегической отрасли в контексте ее влияние на развитие социально-экономической системы, исследуются возможности управления развитием отрасли. В качестве результатов исследования представлена графическая модель технологии государственного управления развитием стратегических отраслей экономики.