bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eating frequency and weight and body composition: a systematic review of observational studies
Authors: Canuto Raquel , da Silva Garcez Anderson , Kac Gilberto , de Lira Pedro Israel Cabral , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo
Published: June 2017

Objective

The present review aimed to examine the association of eating frequency with body weight or body composition in adults of both sexes.

Design

PubMed, EMBASE and Scopus databases were searched. PRISMA and MOOSE protocols were followed. Observational studies published up to August 2016 were included. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed with the Downs and Black checklist.

Setting

A systematic review of the literature.

Subjects

Adults (n 136 052); the majority of studies were developed in the USA and Europe.

Results

Thirty-one articles were included in the review: two prospective and twenty-nine cross-sectional studies. Thirteen per cent of the studies received quality scores above 80 %. The assessment of eating frequency and body composition or body weight varied widely across the studies. Potential confounders were included in 73 % of the studies. Fourteen studies reported an inverse association between eating frequency and body weight or body composition, and seven studies found a positive association. The majority of studies applied multiple analyses adjusted for potential confounders, such as sex, age, education, income, smoking, physical activity and alcohol intake. Six studies took into account under-reporting of eating frequency and/or energy intake in the analysis, and one investigated the mediation effect of energy intake.

Conclusions

There is not sufficient evidence confirming the association between eating frequency and body weight or body composition when misreporting bias is taken into account. However, in men, a potential protective effect of high eating frequency was observed on BMI and visceral obesity.
Improving team-based care for children: shared well child care involving family practice nurses
Authors: Warmels Grace , Johnston Sharon , Turley Jolanda
Published: June 2017

Introduction:Well child care (WCC) is the provision of routine preventative care and vaccinations to infants and children. In Canada, physicians provide the majority of this type of care, whereas in other developed countries, nurses provide most WCC. New models of shared care between nurses and family physicians should be explored.Objective:This pilot project aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of shared nurse–physician WCC for a cohort of healthy children.Methods:A total of 20 participants had nurse–physician alternating WCC visits, which were compared with physician-provided WCC visits. The feasibility was evaluated through chart audits and the acceptability was evaluated through interviews with the physicians, nurses, and the patients’ parents.Results:The results showed that physicians and nurses discuss a similar percentage of Rourke Baby Record topics, and that families and clinic staff were accepting of this new model of care.Conclusion:This intervention could liberate time for Canadian family physicians, thereby improving access to care.
A 20 GHz microwave heater for digital microfluidic
Authors: Markovic Tomislav , Liu Song , Ocket Ilja , Nauwelaers Bart K. J. C.
Published: June 2017

This paper reports on a microwave heater at 20 GHz for digital microfluidics. It allows rapid heating of nanoliter fluid samples and simultaneous temperature monitoring by correlating the reflection coefficient of the heater with the temperature dependency of the relative permittivity of the lossy fluid under consideration, in this case demineralized water. Microwave heating was performed with power levels of 20 and 23 dBm at the on-wafer probe tips on samples of 500 nL. Temperature measurements were carried out with a miniaturized type K thermocouple, and a platinum resistor to monitor the reference temperature. Microwave and thermal performances have been characterized using multi-physics software, and measurements obtained with a large signal vector network analyzer showed good agreement with simulated data. An average heating rate of 20 °C/s was observed during the first 4 s of the heating process.
Electrical performance analysis of a CPW capable of transmitting microwave and optical signals
Authors: Banan Behnam , Shokraneh Farhad , Berini Pierre , Liboiron-Ladouceur Odile
Published: June 2017

A study on the microwave performance of a metallic transmission line capable of simultaneously transmitting microwave and optical signals is presented targeting millimeter-long interconnects. Conventional analytical solution is used to find the optimal structure for a given characteristic impedance. Then, functionality of the link is validated through S-parameter measurements for 3–13 mm long lines. The waveguide parameters, such as resistance, inductance, capacitance, and conductance are extracted based on a lumped circuit model. The modeling enables structure optimization for interconnect bandwidth density of 1 Gb/s/μm and more.
Design of penta-band low noise amplifier with integrated active antenna for vehicular communications
Authors: Vijay Ramya , Rama Rao Thipparaju , Venkataraman Revathi , Vasanthi Murugiah Sivashanmugham
Published: June 2017

The design and integration of penta-band planar antenna with a low noise amplifier (LNA) for vehicular wireless applications is discussed in this research. By integrating antenna with a LNA, the return loss can be kept low with the increased bandwidth compared with a passive antenna with the same design. The performance of the passive antenna, LNA, and integrated active antenna (IAA) are individually validated with the aid of vector network analyzer. The designed IAA covers navigational frequencies 1.2 and 1.5 GHz, wireless communication frequencies 2.4, 3.3 GHz and dedicated short range communication frequency 5.8 GHz, with LNA gain (>10 dB) and noise figure (<2 dB). The proposed design gives room for simultaneous reception of all the desired frequency bands with better performance for vehicular communications.
Design and layout strategies for integrated frequency synthesizers with high spectral purity
Authors: Herzel Frank , Kissinger Dietmar
Published: June 2017

Design guidelines for fractional-N phase-locked loops with a high spectral purity of the output signal are presented. Various causes for phase noise and spurious tones (spurs) in integer-N and fractional-N phase-locked loops (PLLs) are briefly described. These mechanisms include device noise, quantization noise folding, and noise coupling from charge pump (CP) and reference input buffer to the voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) and vice versa through substrate and bondwires. Remedies are derived to mitigate the problems by using proper PLL parameters and a careful chip layout. They include a large CP current, sufficiently large transistors in the reference input buffer, linearization of the phase detector, a high speed of the programmable frequency divider, and minimization of the cross-coupling between the VCO and the other building blocks. Examples are given based on experimental PLLs in SiGe BiCMOS technologies for space communication and wireless base stations.
Increased cardiovascular mortality in people with schizophrenia: a 24-year national register study
Authors: Westman J. , Eriksson S. V. , Gissler M. , Hällgren J. , Prieto M. L. , Bobo W. V. , Frye M. A. , Erlinge D. , Alfredsson L. , Ösby U.
Published: June 2017

Aims

People who have schizophrenia die earlier from somatic diseases than do people in the general population, but information about cardiovascular deaths in people who have schizophrenia is limited. We analysed mortality in all age groups of people with schizophrenia by specific cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), focusing on five CVD diagnoses: coronary heart disease, acute myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias. We also compared hospital admissions for CVDs in people who had schizophrenia with hospital admissions for CVDs in the general population.

Methods

This national register study of 10 631 817 people in Sweden included 46 911 people who were admitted to the hospital for schizophrenia between 1 January 1987 and 31 December 2010. Information from national registers was used to identify people who had schizophrenia and obtain data about mortality, causes of death, medical diagnoses and hospitalisations.

Results

CVDs were the leading cause of death in people who had schizophrenia (5245 deaths), and CVDs caused more excess deaths than suicide. The mean age of CVD death was 10 years lower for people who had schizophrenia (70.5 years) than the general population (80.7 years). The mortality rate ratio (MRR) for CVDs in all people who had schizophrenia was 2.80 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.73–2.88). In people aged 15–59 years who had schizophrenia, the MRR for CVDs was 6.16 (95% CI 5.79–6.54). In all people who had schizophrenia, the MRR for coronary heart disease was 2.83 (95% CI 2.73–2.94); acute myocardial infarction, 2.62 (95% CI 2.49–2.75); cerebrovascular disease, 2.4 (95% CI 2.25–2.55); heart failure, 3.25 (95% CI 2.94–3.6); and cardiac arrhythmias, 2.06 (95% CI 1.75–2.43). Hospital admissions for coronary heart disease were less frequent in people who had schizophrenia than in the general population (admission rate ratio, 0.88 (95% CI 0.83–0.94). In all age groups, survival after hospital admission for CVD was lower in people who had schizophrenia than in the general population.

Conclusions

People who had schizophrenia died 10 years earlier from CVDs than did people in the general population. For all five CVD diagnoses, mortality risk was higher for those with schizophrenia than those in the general population. Survival after hospitalisation for CVDs in people who had schizophrenia was comparable with that of people in the general population who were several decades older.
Antipsychotic combinations in schizophrenia
Authors: Gastaldon C. , Papola D. , Ostuzzi G.
Published: June 2017

In the treatment of resistant schizophrenia, a number of meta-analyses attempted to quantify the efficacy and tolerability of antipsychotic (AP) polypharmacy v. monotherapy with contradictory results. Recently, a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials investigated the efficacy and tolerability of AP combination v. monotherapy in schizophrenia. It included 31 studies: 21 double-blind (considered high-quality studies) and 10 open-label (considered low-quality studies). The meta-analysis showed that, overall, the combination of two APs was more effective than monotherapy in terms of symptom reduction (standardised mean difference (SMD) = −0.53, 95% confidence interval (CI) −0.87 to −0.19); however, this result was confirmed only in the subgroup of low-quality studies. Negative symptoms improved when combining a D2 antagonist with a D2 partial agonist (SMD = −0.41, 95% CI −0.79 to −0.03) both in double-blind and open-label studies. In the present commentary, the results of this systematic review are critically discussed in terms of their clinical and research implications.
The Spanish-Version of the Subjective Vitality Scale: Psychometric Properties and Evidence of Validity
Authors: Castillo Isabel , Tomás Inés , Balaguer Isabel
Published: June 2017

The Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS) assess the subjective experience of being full of energy and alive, a clinically relevant outcome measure of positive psychological well-being. The purpose of this paper was to translate the 7-item SVS into Spanish and examine its psychometric properties. In Study 1 (n= 790 adolescents) and Study 2 (n= 130 athletes) reliability and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were carried out. In Study 1 and Study 3 (n= 197 dancers) evidence of validity of inferences based on SVS scores estimating relationships with other variables (life satisfaction, global self-esteem and emotional and physical exhaustion) was obtained. In Study 2 invariance across time was tested. Finally in Study 3, the factorial structure was cross-validated using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results of EFA showed a one-factor solution. CFA also supported a unidimensional factor structure for the Spanish 6-item SVS (RMSEA = .050 (90% CI = .00, .080); NNFI = .993; CFI = .996). Reliability analysis indicated a strong internal consistency in all study samples (α ranged from .82 to .89). Further, results from multi-sample analysis supported the replicability of SVS factor structure across time. Finally, the SVS scores showed the expected correlations patterns (all them significant,p< .01) with the measured outcomes. In conclusion, the Spanish version of the SVS demonstrated adequate psychometric properties, indicating that the scale can be confidently used to measure the experience of possessing energy and aliveness; furthermore, differences across time can be meaningfully carried out.
Possible Associations between Subitizing, Estimation and Visuospatial Working Memory (VSWM) in Children
Authors: Formoso Jesica , Barreyro Juan Pablo , Jacubovich Silvia , Injoque-Ricle Irene
Published: June 2017

Researchers have focused on identifying the mechanisms involved in subitizing and its differences with estimation. Some suggest that subitizing relies on a visual indexing system in charge of the simultaneous individuation of objects that is also used by visuospatial working memory (VSWM). In adults, studies found associations between subitizing and VSWM, in the absence of correlation between VSWM and estimation. The present study analyzed the performance of 120 4 and 6-year-old children in three tasks: dot enumeration to measure subitizing capacity, quantity discrimination for estimation, and Corsi Block-tapping task for VSWM. In the enumeration task RTs (F(9, 1062)=720.59, MSE=734394, p<.001, η2=.86) and errors (F(9, 1062)=42.15, MSE=.194, p<.001, η2=.26.) increased with the array, but this growth was statistically significant only from 4 dots onward. Each subject’s subitizing range was estimated by fitting RTs with a sigmoid function of number of dots and obtaining the bend point of the curve. Data fit (age 4: R2 = .88; SD = .08; age 6: R2 = .91, SD = .08) showed a mean subitizing range of 2.79 (SD = .66) for 4 year-olds and of 3.11 (SD = .64) for 6 year-olds. Subitizing ranges and average RTs showed low association with storage (r = .274; p < .05; r = –.398; p < .001) and average RTs with concurrent processing (r = –.412; p < .001) in VSWM. Subitizing range and speed showed no association with estimation speed and a poor association with accuracy (r = .234, p < .01; r = –.398, p < .001), which suggests independent systems for small and large quantities. Subitizing and estimation measures correlated with VSWM (p < .01), which suggests that both processes may require VSWM resources.
Quality of Life for Youth With Persistent Postconcussive Symptoms Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Simpson Tess S. , Peterson Robin L. , Mason Derek S. , Connery Amy K. , Baker David A. , Kirkwood Michael W.
Published: June 2017

The primary aim of this study was to characterize parent- and youth-reported health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for youth experiencing persistent symptoms following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). The youth in the current study were participating in a longitudinal project examining neuropsychological consultation as an intervention for persistent symptoms after mTBI. Participants included 71 youth aged 8 to17 years old who had sustained mild head injuries 2 to 12 months prior to enrollment and who were referred clinically to an outpatient pediatric concussion program because of concerns about persistent problems. Parents and children completed the PedsQL over the phone at the time of enrollment. Child- and parent-reported HRQOL was significantly worse than for other pediatric populations with a variety of chronic health conditions. HRQOL was not associated with injury-related factors. One important novel finding was that families involved in litigation reported significantly lower HRQOL than families not involved in litigation. Providers would benefit from screening for involvement in litigation early on. Children who experience persistent symptomatology and impaired functioning following mTBI are likely to benefit most from early intervention and reassurance de-emphasizing injury-related factors and focusing on cognitive–behavioral treatment aimed at improving adaptive coping, pain management, and stress reduction.
Free-standing supramolecular hydrogel objects by reaction-diffusion
Authors: Lovrak Matija , Hendriksen Wouter E. J. , Maity Chandan , Mytnyk Serhii , van Steijn Volkert , Eelkema Rienk , van Esch Jan H.
Published: June 2017

Self-assembly provides access to a variety of molecular materials, yet spatial control over structure formation remains difficult to achieve. Here we show how reaction–diffusion (RD) can be coupled to a molecular self-assembly process to generate macroscopic free-standing objects with control over shape, size, and functionality. In RD, two or more reactants diffuse from different positions to give rise to spatially defined structures on reaction. We demonstrate that RD can be used to locally control formation and self-assembly of hydrazone molecular gelators from their non-assembling precursors, leading to soft, free-standing hydrogel objects with sizes ranging from several hundred micrometres up to centimeters. Different chemical functionalities and gradients can easily be integrated in the hydrogel objects by using different reactants. Our methodology, together with the vast range of organic reactions and self-assembling building blocks, provides a general approach towards the programmed fabrication of soft microscale objects with controlled functionality and shape.
Ultrathin metal-organic framework array for efficient electrocatalytic water splitting
Authors: Duan Jingjing , Chen Sheng , Zhao Chuan
Published: June 2017

Two-dimensional metal-organic frameworks represent a family of materials with attractive chemical and structural properties, which are usually prepared in the form of bulk powders. Here we show a generic approach to fabricate ultrathin nanosheet array of metal-organic frameworks on different substrates through a dissolution–crystallization mechanism. These materials exhibit intriguing properties for electrocatalysis including highly exposed active molecular metal sites owning to ultra-small thickness of nanosheets, improved electrical conductivity and a combination of hierarchical porosity. We fabricate a nickel-iron-based metal-organic framework array, which demonstrates superior electrocatalytic performance towards oxygen evolution reaction with a small overpotential of 240 mV at 10 mA cm−2, and robust operation for 20,000 s with no detectable activity decay. Remarkably, the turnover frequency of the electrode is 3.8 s−1 at an overpotential of 400 mV. We further demonstrate the promise of these electrodes for other important catalytic reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction and overall water splitting.
Quasilinear quantum magnetoresistance in pressure-induced nonsymmorphic superconductor chromium arsenide
Authors: Niu Q. , Yu W. C. , Yip K. Y. , Lim Z. L. , Kotegawa H. , Matsuoka E. , Sugawara H. , Tou H. , Yanase Y. , Goh Swee K.
Published: June 2017

In conventional metals, modification of electron trajectories under magnetic field gives rise to a magnetoresistance that varies quadratically at low field, followed by a saturation at high field for closed orbits on the Fermi surface. Deviations from the conventional behaviour, for example, the observation of a linear magnetoresistance, or a non-saturating magnetoresistance, have been attributed to exotic electron scattering mechanisms. Recently, linear magnetoresistance has been observed in many Dirac materials, in which the electron–electron correlation is relatively weak. The strongly correlated helimagnet CrAs undergoes a quantum phase transition to a nonmagnetic superconductor under pressure. Here we observe, near the magnetic instability, a large and non-saturating quasilinear magnetoresistance from the upper critical field to 14 T at low temperatures. We show that the quasilinear magnetoresistance may arise from an intricate interplay between a nontrivial band crossing protected by nonsymmorphic crystal symmetry and strong magnetic fluctuations.
Organic narrowband near-infrared photodetectors based on intermolecular charge-transfer absorption
Authors: Siegmund Bernhard , Mischok Andreas , Benduhn Johannes , Zeika Olaf , Ullbrich Sascha , Nehm Frederik , Böhm Matthias , Spoltore Donato , Fröb Hartmut , Körner Christian , Leo Karl , Vandewal Koen
Published: June 2017

Blending organic electron donors and acceptors yields intermolecular charge-transfer states with additional optical transitions below their optical gaps. In organic photovoltaic devices, such states play a crucial role and limit the operating voltage. Due to its extremely weak nature, direct intermolecular charge-transfer absorption often remains undetected and unused for photocurrent generation. Here, we use an optical microcavity to increase the typically negligible external quantum efficiency in the spectral region of charge-transfer absorption by more than 40 times, yielding values over 20%. We demonstrate narrowband detection with spectral widths down to 36 nm and resonance wavelengths between 810 and 1,550 nm, far below the optical gap of both donor and acceptor. The broad spectral tunability via a simple variation of the cavity thickness makes this innovative, flexible and potentially visibly transparent device principle highly suitable for integrated low-cost spectroscopic near-infrared photodetection.
Coupled multiferroic domain switching in the canted conical spin spiral system Mn2GeO4
Authors: Honda T. , White J. S. , Harris A. B. , Chapon L. C. , Fennell A. , Roessli B. , Zaharko O. , Murakami Y. , Kenzelmann M. , Kimura T.
Published: June 2017

Despite remarkable progress in developing multifunctional materials, spin-driven ferroelectrics featuring both spontaneous magnetization and electric polarization are still rare. Among such ferromagnetic ferroelectrics are conical spin spiral magnets with a simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization that is still little understood. Such materials can feature various multiferroic domains that complicates their study. Here we study the multiferroic domains in ferromagnetic ferroelectric Mn2GeO4 using neutron diffraction, and show that it features a double-Q conical magnetic structure that, apart from trivial 180o commensurate magnetic domains, can be described by ferromagnetic and ferroelectric domains only. We show unconventional magnetoelectric couplings such as the magnetic-field-driven reversal of ferroelectric polarization with no change of spin-helicity, and present a phenomenological theory that successfully explains the magnetoelectric coupling. Our measurements establish Mn2GeO4 as a conceptually simple multiferroic in which the magnetic-field-driven flop of conical spin spirals leads to the simultaneous reversal of magnetization and electric polarization.
Accurate prediction of X-ray pulse properties from a free-electron laser using machine learning
Authors: Sanchez-Gonzalez A. , Micaelli P. , Olivier C. , Barillot T. R. , Ilchen M. , Lutman A. A. , Marinelli A. , Maxwell T. , Achner A. , Agåker M. , Berrah N. , Bostedt C. , Bozek J. D. , Buck J. , Bucksbaum P. H. , Montero S. Carron , Cooper B. , Cryan J. P. , Dong M. , Feifel R. , Frasinski L. J. , Fukuzawa H. , Galler A. , Hartmann G. , Hartmann N. , Helml W. , Johnson A. S. , Knie A. , Lindahl A. O. , Liu J. , Motomura K. , Mucke M. , O’Grady C. , Rubensson J-E , Simpson E. R. , Squibb R. J. , Såthe C. , Ueda K. , Vacher M. , Walke D. J. , Zhaunerchyk V. , Coffee R. N. , Marangos J. P.
Published: June 2017

Free-electron lasers providing ultra-short high-brightness pulses of X-ray radiation have great potential for a wide impact on science, and are a critical element for unravelling the structural dynamics of matter. To fully harness this potential, we must accurately know the X-ray properties: intensity, spectrum and temporal profile. Owing to the inherent fluctuations in free-electron lasers, this mandates a full characterization of the properties for each and every pulse. While diagnostics of these properties exist, they are often invasive and many cannot operate at a high-repetition rate. Here, we present a technique for circumventing this limitation. Employing a machine learning strategy, we can accurately predict X-ray properties for every shot using only parameters that are easily recorded at high-repetition rate, by training a model on a small set of fully diagnosed pulses. This opens the door to fully realizing the promise of next-generation high-repetition rate X-ray lasers.
Upregulated energy metabolism in the Drosophila mushroom body is the trigger for long-term memory
Authors: Plaçais Pierre-Yves , de Tredern Éloïse , Scheunemann Lisa , Trannoy Séverine , Goguel Valérie , Han Kyung-An , Isabel Guillaume , Preat Thomas
Published: June 2017

Efficient energy use has constrained the evolution of nervous systems. However, it is unresolved whether energy metabolism may resultantly regulate major brain functions. Our observation that Drosophila flies double their sucrose intake at an early stage of long-term memory formation initiated the investigation of how energy metabolism intervenes in this process. Cellular-resolution imaging of energy metabolism reveals a concurrent elevation of energy consumption in neurons of the mushroom body, the fly’s major memory centre. Strikingly, upregulation of mushroom body energy flux is both necessary and sufficient to drive long-term memory formation. This effect is triggered by a specific pair of dopaminergic neurons afferent to the mushroom bodies, via the D5-like DAMB dopamine receptor. Hence, dopamine signalling mediates an energy switch in the mushroom body that controls long-term memory encoding. Our data thus point to an instructional role for energy flux in the execution of demanding higher brain functions.
The genetic landscape of benign thyroid nodules revealed by whole exome and transcriptome sequencing
Authors: Ye Lei , Zhou Xiaoyi , Huang Fengjiao , Wang Weixi , Qi Yicheng , Xu Heng , Shu Yang , Shen Liyun , Fei Xiaochun , Xie Jing , Cao Min , Zhou Yulin , Zhu Wei , Wang Shu , Ning Guang , Wang Weiqing
Published: June 2017

The genomic alterations for benign thyroid nodule, especially adenomatoid nodule, one of the most common types of hyperplasia lesion, are ill-studied. Here, we show whole-exome sequencing and/or transcriptome sequencing data on adenomatoid nodules with or without coincidental papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Somatic mutation of BRAF (22/32) is only detected in PTC, while mutations in SPOP (4/38), ZNF148 (6/38) and EZH1 (3/38) are found enriched in adenomatoid nodule. In an expanded cohort of adenomatoid nodule (n=259) mutually exclusive SPOPP94R, EZH1Q571R and ZNF148 mutations are identified in 24.3% of them. Adenomatoid nodules show very few overlapped mutations and distinct gene expression patterns with their coincidental PTC. Phylogenetic tree analysis uncovers that PTCs evolved independently from their matched benign nodules. Our findings reveal that benign nodules possess a unique molecular signature that differs from PTC and provide genomic evidence for the conventional belief that PTC and benign nodules have independent origin.
Pyrin-only protein 2 limits inflammation but improves protection against bacteria
Authors: Periasamy Sivakumar , Porter Kristen A. , Atianand Maninjay K. , T. Le Hongnga , Earley Sarah , Duffy Ellen B. , Haller Matthew C. , Chin Heather , Harton Jonathan A.
Published: June 2017

Pyrin domain-only proteins (POPs) are recently evolved, primate-specific proteins demonstratedin vitroas negative regulators of inflammatory responses. However, theirin vivofunction is not understood. Of the four known POPs, only POP2 is reported to regulate NF-κB-dependent transcription and multiple inflammasomes. Here we use a transgenic mouse-expressingPOP2controlled by its endogenous human promotor to study the immunological functions of POP2. Despite having significantly reduced inflammatory cytokine responses to LPS and bacterial infection, POP2 transgenic mice are more resistant to bacterial infection than wild-type mice. In a pulmonary tularaemia model, POP2 enhances IFN-γ production, modulates neutrophil numbers, improves macrophage functions, increases bacterial control and diminishes lung pathology. Thus, unlike other POPs thought to diminish innate protection, POP2 reduces detrimental inflammation while preserving and enhancing protective immunity. Our findings suggest that POP2 acts as a high-order regulator balancing cellular function and inflammation with broad implications for inflammation-associated diseases and therapeutic intervention.
Harnessing speckle for a sub-femtometre resolved broadband wavemeter and laser stabilization
Authors: Metzger Nikolaus Klaus , Spesyvtsev Roman , Bruce Graham D. , Miller Bill , Maker Gareth T. , Malcolm Graeme , Mazilu Michael , Dholakia Kishan
Published: June 2017

The accurate determination and control of the wavelength of light is fundamental to many fields of science. Speckle patterns resulting from the interference of multiple reflections in disordered media are well-known to scramble the information content of light by complex but linear processes. However, these patterns are, in fact, exceptionally rich in information about the illuminating source. We use a fibre-coupled integrating sphere to generate wavelength-dependent speckle patterns, in combination with algorithms based on the transmission matrix method and principal component analysis, to realize a broadband and sensitive wavemeter. We demonstrate sub-femtometre wavelength resolution at a centre wavelength of 780 nm, and a broad calibrated measurement range from 488 to 1,064 nm. This compares favourably to the performance of conventional wavemeters. Using this speckle wavemeter as part of a feedback loop, we stabilize a 780 nm diode laser to achieve a linewidth better than 1 MHz.
IL-17-producing γδ T cells switch migratory patterns between resting and activated states
Authors: McKenzie Duncan R. , Kara Ervin E. , Bastow Cameron R. , Tyllis Timona S. , Fenix Kevin A. , Gregor Carly E. , Wilson Jasmine J. , Babb Rachelle , Paton James C. , Kallies Axel , Nutt Stephen L. , Brüstle Anne , Mack Matthias , Comerford Iain , McColl Shaun R.
Published: June 2017

Interleukin 17-producing γδ T (γδT17) cells have unconventional trafficking characteristics, residing in mucocutaneous tissues but also homing into inflamed tissues via circulation. Despite being fundamental to γδT17-driven early protective immunity and exacerbation of autoimmunity and cancer, migratory cues controlling γδT17 cell positioning in barrier tissues and recruitment to inflammatory sites are still unclear. Here we show that γδT17 cells constitutively express chemokine receptors CCR6 and CCR2. While CCR6 recruits resting γδT17 cells to the dermis, CCR2 drives rapid γδT17 cell recruitment to inflamed tissues during autoimmunity, cancer and infection. Downregulation of CCR6 by IRF4 and BATF upon γδT17 activation is required for optimal recruitment of γδT17 cells to inflamed tissue by preventing their sequestration into uninflamed dermis. These findings establish a lymphocyte trafficking model whereby a hierarchy of homing signals is prioritized by dynamic receptor expression to drive both tissue surveillance and rapid recruitment of γδT17 cells to inflammatory lesions.
Cascaded spintronic logic with low-dimensional carbon
Authors: Friedman Joseph S. , Girdhar Anuj , Gelfand Ryan M. , Memik Gokhan , Mohseni Hooman , Taflove Allen , Wessels Bruce W. , Leburton Jean-Pierre , Sahakian Alan V
Published: June 2017

Remarkable breakthroughs have established the functionality of graphene and carbon nanotube transistors as replacements to silicon in conventional computing structures, and numerous spintronic logic gates have been presented. However, an efficient cascaded logic structure that exploits electron spin has not yet been demonstrated. In this work, we introduce and analyse a cascaded spintronic computing system composed solely of low-dimensional carbon materials. We propose a spintronic switch based on the recent discovery of negative magnetoresistance in graphene nanoribbons, and demonstrate its feasibility through tight-binding calculations of the band structure. Covalently connected carbon nanotubes create magnetic fields through graphene nanoribbons, cascading logic gates through incoherent spintronic switching. The exceptional material properties of carbon materials permit Terahertz operation and two orders of magnitude decrease in power-delay product compared to cutting-edge microprocessors. We hope to inspire the fabrication of these cascaded logic circuits to stimulate a transformative generation of energy-efficient computing.
The ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 regulates phosphoantigen release and Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation by dendritic cells
Authors: Castella Barbara , Kopecka Joanna , Sciancalepore Patrizia , Mandili Giorgia , Foglietta Myriam , Mitro Nico , Caruso Donatella , Novelli Francesco , Riganti Chiara , Massaia Massimo
Published: June 2017

Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are activated by phosphoantigens, such as isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP), which is generated in the mevalonate pathway of antigen-presenting cells. IPP is released in the extracellular microenvironment via unknown mechanisms. Here we show that the ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) mediates extracellular IPP release from dendritic cells (DC) in cooperation with apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) and butyrophilin-3A1. IPP concentrations in the supernatants are sufficient to induce Vγ9Vδ2 T cell proliferation after DC mevalonate pathway inhibition with zoledronic acid (ZA). ZA treatment increases ABCA1 and apoA-I expression via IPP-dependent LXRα nuclear translocation and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway inhibition. These results close the mechanistic gap in our understanding of extracellular IPP release from DC and provide a framework to fine-tune Vγ9Vδ2 T cell activation via mevalonate and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulation.
Three-dimensional crossbar arrays of self-rectifying Si/SiO2/Si memristors
Authors: Li Can , Han Lili , Jiang Hao , Jang Moon-Hyung , Lin Peng , Wu Qing , Barnell Mark , Yang J. Joshua , Xin Huolin L. , Xia Qiangfei
Published: June 2017

Memristors are promising building blocks for the next-generation memory and neuromorphic computing systems. Most memristors use materials that are incompatible with the silicon dominant complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology, and require external selectors in order for large memristor arrays to function properly. Here we demonstrate a fully foundry-compatible, all-silicon-based and self-rectifying memristor that negates the need for external selectors in large arrays. With a p-Si/SiO2/n-Si structure, our memristor exhibits repeatable unipolar resistance switching behaviour (105 rectifying ratio, 104 ON/OFF) and excellent retention at 300 °C. We further build three-dimensinal crossbar arrays (up to five layers of 100 nm memristors) using fluid-supported silicon membranes, and experimentally confirm the successful suppression of both intra- and inter-layer sneak path currents through the built-in diodes. The current work opens up opportunities for low-cost mass production of three-dimensional memristor arrays on large silicon and flexible substrates without increasing circuit complexity.
Ndfip1 restricts mTORC1 signalling and glycolysis in regulatory T cells to prevent autoinflammatory disease
Authors: Layman Awo Akosua Kesewa , Deng Guoping , O’Leary Claire E. , Tadros Samuel , Thomas Rajan M. , Dybas Joseph M. , Moser Emily K. , Wells Andrew D. , Doliba Nicolai M. , Oliver Paula M.
Published: June 2017

Foxp3+T regulatory (Treg) cells suppress immune cell activation and establish normal immune homeostasis. How Tregcells maintain their identity is not completely understood. Here we show that Ndfip1, a coactivator of Nedd4-family E3 ubiquitin ligases, is required for Tregcell stability and function.Ndfip1deletion in Tregcells results in autoinflammatory disease. Ndfip1-deficient Tregcells are highly proliferative and are more likely to lose Foxp3 expression to become IL-4-producing TH2 effector cells. Proteomic analyses indicate altered metabolic signature of Ndfip1-deficient Tregcells and metabolic profiling reveals elevated glycolysis and increased mTORC1 signalling. Ndfip1 restricts Tregcell metabolism and IL-4 production via distinct mechanisms, as IL-4 deficiency does not prevent hyperproliferation or elevated mTORC1 signalling in Ndfip1-deficient Tregcells. Thus, Ndfip1 preserves Treglineage stability and immune homeostasis by preventing the expansion of highly proliferative and metabolically active Tregcells and by preventing pathological secretion of IL-4 from Tregcells.
Functional evolution of Lepidoptera olfactory receptors revealed by deorphanization of a moth repertoire
Authors: de Fouchier Arthur , Walker William B. , Montagné Nicolas , Steiner Claudia , Binyameen Muhammad , Schlyter Fredrik , Chertemps Thomas , Maria Annick , François Marie-Christine , Monsempes Christelle , Anderson Peter , Hansson Bill S. , Larsson Mattias C. , Jacquin-Joly Emmanuelle
Published: June 2017

Insects detect their hosts or mates primarily through olfaction, and olfactory receptors (ORs) are at the core of odorant detection. Each species has evolved a unique repertoire of ORs whose functional properties are expected to meet its ecological needs, though little is known about the molecular basis of olfaction outside Diptera. Here we report a pioneer functional analysis of a large array of ORs in a lepidopteran, the herbivorous pest Spodoptera littoralis. We demonstrate that most ORs are narrowly tuned to ubiquitous plant volatiles at low, relevant odorant titres. Our phylogenetic analysis highlights a basic conservation of function within the receptor repertoire of Lepidoptera, across the expansive evolutionary radiation of different major clades. Our study provides a reference for further studies of olfactory mechanisms in Lepidoptera, a historically crucial insect order in olfactory research.
Rapid visualization of grain boundaries in monolayer MoS2 by multiphoton microscopy
Authors: Karvonen Lasse , Säynätjoki Antti , Huttunen Mikko J. , Autere Anton , Amirsolaimani Babak , Li Shisheng , Norwood Robert A. , Peyghambarian Nasser , Lipsanen Harri , Eda Goki , Kieu Khanh , Sun Zhipei
Published: June 2017

Grain boundaries have a major effect on the physical properties of two-dimensional layered materials. Therefore, it is important to develop simple, fast and sensitive characterization methods to visualize grain boundaries. Conventional Raman and photoluminescence methods have been used for detecting grain boundaries; however, these techniques are better suited for detection of grain boundaries with a large crystal axis rotation between neighbouring grains. Here we show rapid visualization of grain boundaries in chemical vapour deposited monolayer MoS2 samples with multiphoton microscopy. In contrast to Raman and photoluminescence imaging, third-harmonic generation microscopy provides excellent sensitivity and high speed for grain boundary visualization regardless of the degree of crystal axis rotation. We find that the contrast associated with grain boundaries in the third-harmonic imaging is considerably enhanced by the solvents commonly used in the transfer process of two-dimensional materials. Our results demonstrate that multiphoton imaging can be used for fast and sensitive characterization of two-dimensional materials.
Correction: Corrigendum: ChEC-seq kinetics discriminates transcription factor binding sites by DNA sequence and shape in vivo
Authors: Zentner Gabriel E. , Kasinathan Sivakanthan , Xin Beibei , Rohs Remo , Henikoff Steven
Published: June 2017

Nature Communications6: Article number:8733 (2015); Published: 22 October 2015; Updated 5 June 2017 We have been alerted to an inconsistency regarding the control used as input in the DNA shape analysis shown in Fig. 7 of this paper. As described in the Methods section of the Article, ‘FASTA sequences generated from the previously generated 100 bp windows centered on motif match midpoints were used as input for our DNA shape method for high-throughput prediction of DNA structural features.
Melting temperatures of MgO under high pressure by micro-texture analysis
Authors: Kimura T. , Ohfuji H. , Nishi M. , Irifune T.
Published: June 2017

Periclase (MgO) is the second most abundant mineral after bridgmanite in the Earth’s lower mantle, and its melting behaviour under pressure is important to constrain rheological properties and melting behaviours of the lower mantle materials. Significant discrepancies exist between the melting temperatures of MgO determined by laser-heated diamond anvil cell (LHDAC) and those based on dynamic compressions and theoretical predictions. Here we show the melting temperatures in earlier LHDAC experiments are underestimated due to misjudgment of melting, based on micro-texture observations of the quenched samples. The high melting temperatures of MgO suggest that the subducted cold slabs should have higher viscosities than previously thought, suggesting that the inter-connecting textural feature of MgO would not play important roles for the slab stagnation in the lower mantle. The present results also predict that the ultra-deep magmas produced in the lower mantle are peridotitic, which are stabilized near the core–mantle boundary.
Adenovirus prime, Env protein boost vaccine protects against neutralization-resistant SIVsmE660 variants in rhesus monkeys
Authors: Keele Brandon F. , Li Wenjun , Borducchi Erica N. , Nkolola Joseph P. , Abbink Peter , Chen Bing , Seaman Michael S. , Barouch Dan H.
Published: June 2017

Previous studies have shown that DNA prime, Ad5 boost vaccines protect against neutralization-sensitive but not neutralization-resistant virus variants within the SIVsmE660 swarm. Here we show that Ad prime, Env protein boost vaccines protect against neutralization-resistant SIVsmE660 variants. We perform two studies in rhesus monkeys with Ad35/Ad26 vectors expressing SIVmac239 Gag/Pol/Env with or without an AS01B-adjuvanted SIVmac32H gp140 protein boost. In a repetitive, low-dose challenge study, we observe robust protection against acquisition of infection by both Ad Alone and Ad/Env vaccines. In a single, high-dose challenge study, only the Ad/Env vaccine affords significant protection against acquisition of infection. Analysis of transmitted/founder (T/F) viruses from this study demonstrates that the Ad/Env vaccine blocks both neutralization-sensitive and neutralization-resistant SIVsmE660 variants in rhesus monkeys with restrictive TRIM5α alleles. These data demonstrate that the adjuvanted Env protein boost is critical for protecting against high-dose SIVsmE660 challenge and for blocking neutralization-resistant viruses within the SIVsmE660 swarm.
New Martian valley network volume estimate consistent with ancient ocean and warm and wet climate
Authors: Luo Wei , Cang Xuezhi , Howard Alan D.
Published: June 2017

The volume of Martian valley network (VN) cavity and the amount of water needed to create the cavity by erosion are of significant importance for understanding the early Martian climate, the style and rate of hydrologic cycling, and the possibility of an ancient ocean. However, previous attempts at estimating these two quantities were based on selected valleys or at local sites using crude estimates of VN length, width and depth. Here we employed an innovative progressive black top hat transformation method to estimate them on a global scale based on the depth of each valley pixel. The conservative estimate of the minimum global VN volume is 1.74 × 1014 m3 and minimum cumulative volume of water required is 6.86 × 1017 m3 (or ∼5 km of global equivalent layer, GEL). Both are much larger than previous estimates and are consistent with an early warm and wet climate with active hydrologic cycling involving an ocean.
Autophagy suppresses Ras-driven epithelial tumourigenesis by limiting the accumulation of reactive oxygen species
Authors: Manent J , Banerjee S , de Matos Simoes R , Zoranovic T , Mitsiades C , Penninger J M , Simpson K J , Humbert P O , Richardson H E
Published: June 2017

Activation of Ras signalling occurs in ~30% of human cancers; however, activated Ras alone is not sufficient for tumourigenesis. In a screen for tumour suppressors that cooperate with oncogenic Ras (RasV12) inDrosophila, we identified genes involved in the autophagy pathway. Bioinformatic analysis of human tumours revealed that several core autophagy genes, includingGABARAP, correlate with oncogenicKRASmutations and poor prognosis in human pancreatic cancer, supporting a potential tumour-suppressive effect of the pathway in Ras-driven human cancers. InDrosophila,we demonstrate that blocking autophagy at any step of the pathway enhancesRasV12-driven epithelial tissue overgrowth via the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and activation of the Jun kinase stress response pathway. Blocking autophagy inRasV12clones also results in non-cell-autonomous effects with autophagy, cell proliferation and caspase activation induced in adjacent wild-type cells. Our study has implications for understanding the interplay between perturbations in Ras signalling and autophagy in tumourigenesis, which might inform the development of novel therapeutics targeting Ras-driven cancers.
Regulation of cargo transfer between ESCRT-0 and ESCRT-I complexes by flotillin-1 during endosomal sorting of ubiquitinated cargo
Authors: Meister M , Bänfer S , Gärtner U , Koskimies J , Amaddii M , Jacob R , Tikkanen R
Published: June 2017

Ubiquitin-dependent sorting of membrane proteins in endosomes directs them to lysosomal degradation. In the case of receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), lysosomal degradation is important for the regulation of downstream signalling. Ubiquitinated proteins are recognised in endosomes by the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT) complexes, which sequentially interact with the ubiquitinated cargo. Although the role of each ESCRT complex in sorting is well established, it is not clear how the cargo is passed on from one ESCRT to the next. We here show that flotillin-1 is required for EGFR degradation, and that it interacts with the subunits of ESCRT-0 and -I complexes (hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs) and Tsg101). Flotillin-1 is required for cargo recognition and sorting by ESCRT-0/Hrs and for its interaction with Tsg101. In addition, flotillin-1 is also required for the sorting of human immunodeficiency virus 1 Gag polyprotein, which mimics ESCRT-0 complex during viral assembly. We propose that flotillin-1 functions in cargo transfer between ESCRT-0 and -I complexes.
Initial assessment of the nutritional quality of the space food system over three years of ambient storage
Authors: Cooper Maya , Perchonok Michele , Douglas Grace L.
Published: June 2017

Processed and prepackaged space food is the main source of nutrition for crew aboard the International Space Station, and likely will continue to be the main source of nutrition for future exploration missions. However, very little information is available on the nutritional stability of space foods. To better understand their nutritional stability, 24 micronutrients were measured in 109 space foods stored over 3 years at room temperature. Our analysis indicated that potassium, calcium, vitamin D, and vitamin K concentrations in the food may not be adequate to meet the recommended daily intake requirements even before storage. Decreases in vitamins A, C, B1, and B6 were observed during storage. Notably, vitamins B1 and C may degrade to inadequate levels after 1 year and 3 years, respectively. This assessment suggests that different technological approaches will be required to stabilize processed foods to enable spaceflight missions over 1 year.