bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dielectric Nano-Systems with Unique Optical Properties
Authors: Kulchin Yurii N. , Dzyuba Vladimir P. , Milichko Valentin A.
Published: March 2013

The study of optical properties of Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, and ZnO nanoparticles in weak optical fields is presented. We found that some nanoparticles have unique optical nonlinearity: The values of portions to nanoparticle refractive index and absorption coefficient increase to maxima, and then decrease to zero when the radiation intensity changes from 1 to 500 W/cm2. We estimated electron energy structures of nanoparticles and experimentally determined that such nonlinearity is directly related to peculiarities of the energy structure. We obtained a good fitting of theoretical results to the experimental ones (e.g. absorbance spectra of nanoparticles; the dependence of nanoparticle refractive index and absorption coefficient on radiation intensity).
The Spectrum of a Bent Fiber Fabry-Perot Interferometer under Small Variations of the Refractive Index of the Environment
Authors: Kulchin Yuri N. , Vitrik Oleg B. , Gurbatov Stanislav O.
Published: March 2013

The phase of light propagating through a bent optical fibre is shown to depend on the refractive index of the medium surrounding the fibre cladding when there is resonance coupling between the guided core mode and cladding modes. This shifts the spectral maxima in the bent fibre-optic Fabry–Perot interferometer. The highest phase and spectral sensitivities achieved with this interferometer configuration are 0,71 and 0,077, respectively, and enable changes in the refractive index of the ambient medium down to 5∙10–6 to be detected. This makes the proposed approach potentially attractive for producing highly stable, precision refractive index sensors capable of solving a wide range of liquid refractometry problems.
Determination of Glucose-Concentration of Turbid Sample by Optical Coherence Tomography at 1550nm Wavelength
Authors: Zhang Mei
Published: March 2013

Glucose-concentration of turbid media is measured based on optical coherence tomography (OCT) . The effects of scattering coefficient and anisotropic factor on heterodyne efficiency factor were analyzed by the Monte Carlo simulation and analog calculation. A new method was developed to extract the optical properties using Extended Huygens-Fresnel principle for the case of the specular reflection. The scattering and absorption properties were obtained by measuring the IntralipidTM solution of the different concentration. And the relationship between scattering coefficient and the concentration of glucose in IntralipidTM were studied.
Voltage Flicker Detection Method Based on Teager Operator
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Bi Jian Gang
Published: March 2013

Fast and accurately detection of voltage fluctuation components is very important to voltage flicker measurement. A novel voltage flicker demodulation algorithm based on Teager operator is proposed in this paper. The principle of the Teager operator demodulation approach is introduced, and the mathematical derivation of the proposed algorithm is described. The proposed algorithm is fast and requires only a few samples to calculates, therefore, it has excellent time resolution. The simulation results prove that the new algorithm can track the flicker signal of unifrequency or multifrequency amplitude modulation wave successfully. The comparison result of proposed method, the square demodulation method and the Hilbert transform demodulation method shows that the proposed method has obvious advantages of calculation speed and detection accuracy.
Hybrid Method for Vehicle Detection from CCTV Captured Image
Authors: Chompoo Suppatoomsin , Arthit Srikaew
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a hybrid method for vehicle detection from CCTV captured image. In order to overwhelm such complex details of the color image, the system combines artificial intelligence techniques to achieve automatic vehicle detection. These are techniques 2D principal component analysis (2DPCA), Fuzzy adaptive resonance theory (Fuzzy ART), genetic algorithm (GA) and self-organizing map. The proposed system can detect different vehicle sizes from different proportional image area. Bilinear interpolation is used to resize each proportional image area to vehicle feature matrix. The proposed system can detect various types of vehicles from the difference image background.
Application of Three-Ratio Fault Diagnosis Rule Based on Belief Rule Base
Authors: Chen Jin Qiang , Guo Kai , Li Qun Zhan
Published: March 2013

A transformer fault diagnosis method based on RIMER( belief rule-base inference methodology using the evidential reasoning approach) expert system is proposed to deal with fault coding loss and low accuracy in the three-ratio rule. The fault diagnosis method acquires the parameter of the belief rule bases from both three-ratio rule and training of the fault sample data, and then get the diagnosis result Based on the belief rule bases and evidence reasoning algorithm. The calculation speed of the method is fast. The simulation experiment indicates that the model improves the fault diagnosis accuracy rate, furthermore the distributed confidence result indicts the mixed fault more effective.
Quantum-Size States of a Particle inside the Deformed Nanosphere
Authors: Dzyuba Vladimir P. , Kulchin Yurii N. , Milichko Valentin A.
Published: March 2013

In this paper we propose an original functional method which allows us to determine the effect of different deviations of nano-object shape on quantum characteristics of particles localized inside the nano-object. This method is ideologically similar to the perturbation theory, but the perturbation of the surface shape, rather than potential, is used. The results of analysis the quantum-size states of particles inside the nano-object with deformed sphere shape showed that the probability density of particle location is more sensitive to shape perturbations than surface energy spectrum and quantum states density are.
Compressed Dynamic Storage Mode in Numerical Modeling
Authors: Zou Gui Hong , Liang Hua Qing
Published: March 2013

A dynamic compressed storage mode is suggested to save large parse matrix which arises from numerical modeling in engineering. The mode is operation-oriented, and it features that only nonzero elements of coefficient matrix are saved and many operations in numerical simulation are simplified. Three typical examples are used to prove that numerical modeling become easier after using the proposed storage mode. The first example is about the rapid assembly of global stiffness matrix in finite element analysis; the second is about the expansion of coefficient matrix in local grid refinement; the third is about the fast construction of coefficient matrix on coarse-grid when solving the linear system by algebraic multigrid method. The operations involved in the three examples are very common in numerical simulation and are difficult to be implemented by conventional static storage scheme.
The Bound of Local Risk Minimization Estimation on Quasi-Probability Space
Authors: Bai Yun Chao , Guo Ying Chun
Published: March 2013

the ideas of local risk minimization estimation problem on quasi-probability space is presented; In order to make structural risk minimization principle apply to the problem of local risk minimization estimation, the paper gives and proves the bounds of the bound of local risk minimization estimation on quasi-probability.
Design of a Compensator for Adaptive Optics System Based on Robust Model Matching
Authors: Reziwan Mai Maiti , Alimujiang Yi Ming , Kadeer Asikaer
Published: March 2013

Adaptive Optics is a developing technology which is commonly used in ground-based astronomical telescopes. To achieve high-resolution imaging of targets in space, it is very important to reduce the effects of atmospheric turbulence. In this paper, we presented a simple and practical robust compensator for an AO system, based on the Robust Model Matching Strategy. Simulation and experimentation results show that the system with the robust controller has improved considerably comparing to the previous work.
Interband Electrooptical Transitions in CdS/HgS/CdS Cylindrical Heterolayer-Nanotube
Authors: Gasparyan V.A.
Published: March 2013

In the effective-mass approximation the single-electron states in a direct-band CdS/ -HgS/CdS nanocylindrical heterolayer in the presence of strong lateral radial electrostatic field are considered. The explicit forms of the energy spectrum and envelope wave functions of single-particle states for charge carriers are obtained using variation approach. Corresponding absorption characteristics of interband optical transitions in the layer in the presence of strong radial field are calculated.
Nano Photoelectric Material Structures – Photonic Crystals
Authors: Wang Li Hsiang , Yang Su Hua
Published: March 2013

Photonic crystals are periodic dielectric structural materials that have photonic band gaps, and are divided into on-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional structures based on their spatial distributions. One-dimensional photonic crystals have already found real-world applications. Three-dimensional photonic crystals are still in the experimental phase in laboratories. Due to their superior characteristics, photonic crystal materials are sure to be widely developed and applied in the future. This paper briefly introduces the principle of photonic crystals, facts about their theoretical research, production and preparation of materials, as well as their related applications. Photonic crystal materials have a lot of potential, and could be one of the most significant materials of this century. Since the concept was proposed in the late 80’s of the previous century, the research and application of photonic crystals has advanced significantly. Currently, photonic crystals are already used in fiber optics as well as semiconductor lasers. This paper introduces the structures of various types of photonic crystals, including photonic crystals with semiconductor and fiber optic material bases, and describes some of the special optoelectronic characteristics and possible applications of photonic crystals. Photonic crystals can be used in the production of many new types of optoelectronic devices. Most significantly, they can dramatically reduce the size of components and result in dense integration. Photonic crystals are expected to have a revolutionary impact on the development of optoelectronic technologies.
Optimal Decolorization Efficiency of Reactive Red 3 by Fe-RH-MCM-41 Catalytic Wet Oxidation Coupled with Box-Behnken Design
Authors: Wantala Kitirote , Sriprom Pongsert , Pojananukij Nusavadee , Neramittagapong Arthit , Neramittagapong Sutasinee , Kasemsiri Pornnapa
Published: March 2013

The reactive red 3 was degraded by catalytic wet oxidation process over Fe-RH-MCM-41 prepared by Direct Hydrothermal Technique (DHT) at Si/Fe molar ratio of 10 using silica from rice husk. The extended reaction conditions were studied as a function of reaction temperatures, initial H2O2 concentrations and initial pH of solutions designed by Box-Behnken design (BBD) based on Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to achieve the optimal condition and interaction of independent variables. The characterizations of catalyst were studied by XRD, BET surface area and TEM to explain the morphology of surface and to confirm the hexagonal structure. The results showed the 2theta peak can be indexed to hexagonal lattice that also confirmed by TEM result and surface area about 650 m2/g. All of independent variables showed significant on the degradation of reactive red 3 except for initial H2O2 concentration.
Ni0.75Co0.25/(Gd2O3–CeO2) Anodes for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells
Authors: Ayawanna Jiratchaya , Sato Kazunori , Wattanasiriwech Darunee , Wattanasiriwech Suthee
Published: March 2013

Electrochemical performance of solid oxide fuel cells based on Ni0.75Co0.25-GDC (Gd0.1Ce0.9O1.95) and Ni-GDC anodes were investigated and compared in order to understand the effects of (i) alloying Ni with Co and (ii) anode microstructure on the cell performance under hydrogen fuel. At the sintering temperature of 1300°C for 5 h, the Ni0.75Co0.25-GDC anode showed a superior distribution and connection of grains to the Ni-GDC anode which had grain clustering structure in general. Grain growth and connection were found in both anodes when the sintering temperature was increased to 1350°C for 3 h. This resulted in significant improvement of the anodic polarization resistance for the Ni-GDC anode but only minor change for the Ni0.75Co0.25-GDC anode. This research, however, showed that the Ni-GDC anode had higher anodic polarization resistance than the Ni0.75Co0.25-GDC anode, resulting in the better cell power density at all sintering conditions. The maximum power density obtained at 800°C for the cell with the Ni0.75Co0.25-GDC anode was 118 mW•cm-2. Impedance spectroscopy analysis showed that the total cell resistance of both cell types became progressively larger when the operation time was prolonged to 10 h at 800°C, while the microstructure change was not observable by the SEM. The reason for the fast degradation will thus require further investigation.
Effects of Diatomite and Glass Cullet in the Waste-Based Gypsum Building Materials
Authors: Tounchuen Kanyakarn , Umponpanarat Pinsiri , Buggakupta Wantanee , Panpa Withaya
Published: March 2013

Gypsum building materials can be made from either natural resources or industrial residues. This work introduces the gypsum mixture based on domestic industrial wastes. The waste used as a calcium sulfate source in the mix is FGD gypsum from a power generation plant. Meanwhile, the silica-rich sources, i.e. diatomite, derived from brewery production, and soda-lime glass cullet from automotive safety glass industry are also employed. These wastes were pretreated before mixing and the compositions of the waste-based gypsum were carefully formulated and characterized. Phase presence and microstructural information were determined. Development in strength as well as water resistance was examined. The experimental work suggested that the addition of diatomite can significantly increase both strength and water insolubility.
Tribological Properties of Titanium Plate Coated with Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Umeda Junko , Mimoto Takanori , Kondoh Katsuyoshi , Fugetsu Bunshi
Published: March 2013

This study investigated the tribological property and wear behavior of pure titanium (Ti) plate coated with un-bundled multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The network-structured MWCNT films were formed on Ti substrate, and their tribological properties were examined by the ball-on-disk wear test equipment under dry sliding condition. SUS304 stainless steel ball was used as a counterpart material in this test. The mean friction coefficient of the Ti plate coated with MWCNTs was remarkably lower and stable compared to the as-received pure Ti plate without any coating films. SEM-EDS analysis showed the network-structured MWCNT films obviously remained after wear test for 3.6 ks in sliding and no seizure phenomena with the SUS304 ball. The above excellent tribological performance was due to CNTs self-lubricant, their bearing effects and the strong metallurgical bonding between Ti plate and MWCNT films by annealing.
The Effect of Ultrasonic Vibration on Properties of Weld Metal
Authors: Methong Titinan , Poopat Bovornchok
Published: March 2013

Weld metal mechanical properties and weldability of materials are closely related to the microstructure of the weld metal. A significant amount of research has been studied to improve microstructure of weldments such as weld pool stirring by using magnetic arc oscillation and arc pulsation. In this work, the effect of ultrasonic vibration was used to modify weld metal solidification to improve microstructure of the weld metal. Microstructure and mechanical properties of carbon steel weld metal (ER70S-G filler metal) were studied. Filler metal was melted by using Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW) in a water-cooled copper mold. Ultrasonic vibration with a frequency of 20 kHz was applied during solidification of the weld metal. Microstructure and mechanical properties of weld metal were compared with those of conventional weld metal (no ultrasonic vibration assistance). Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was also used to determine microstructure and phases at high magnification. The results showed that ultrasonic vibration applied during solidification promoted grain refinement in the weld metal. Mechanical properties of weld metal were improved significantly, microstructure analysis correlated well with the mechanical test results.
Study of Particle Distribution in Al-SiC Particulate Composite by Random Motion of Mould
Authors: Padhi Payodhar , Kar Sachikanta
Published: March 2013

Synthesis of Al metal matrix composites (MMCs) with ceramic particulate reinforcements through casting route is associated with the problem of non-uniform distribution of particulate. The problem of non-uniform distribution is more for the case of larger particulate volume fraction. In the present study a novel method has been tried to overcome this. It involves random movement of mold containing liquid aluminium and ceramic particulates ieSiC. In the present studythe spherical mold containing molten aluminium and SiC particulates of size 50-100µm is allowed to rotate in a cylindrical drum to impart a random rotation as well translation Before the design of experiment the process simulation has already been done. Accordingly the process has been fabricated. At present the process is a crude one. Preliminary experiments show that the distributions of particles obtained by this technique are better as compared to that of stir cast composites with similar volume fraction of reinforcement. However, the result obtained by the novel technique varied as proper control over the random motion of the mold was not possible. Although uniform microstructure could be obtained in most of the experiment in some cases and certain zones the microstructure showed a non uniform distribution of particles. The temperature of mold before it is subjected to random movement is strongly influenced the particle distribution.
Alternative Soda-Lime Glass Batch to Reduce Energy Consumption
Authors: Meechoowas Ekarat , Tapasa Kanit , Jitwatcharakomol Tepiwan
Published: March 2013

Soda-lime glass is produced by melting sand (SiO2), soda ash (Na2CO3), lime stone (CaCO3) together with effective additives such as dolomite (CaMg(CO3)2) and an important structural modification, alumina (Al2O3) in which the melting temperature is very high around 1500°C. With this reason, to dissolve alumina, high amount of energy is needed. Consequently, one of possibilities to reduce the melting energy is replacing alumina by the raw material with a lower enthalpy of melting. The heat required for melting the batch of raw materials from atmosphere temperature to melting temperature is called exploited heat (Hex), which can be calculated from chemical enthalpy (H°chem) and heat content (Hmelt) at reference temperature (Tex). From thermodynamic approach, chemical enthalpy of alumina is higher than feldspar (KAlSiO3) or pyrophyllite (Al2Si4O10(OH)2). For the glass batch with alumina, the calculated exploited heat is 540 kWh/ton while the batch with feldspar or pyrophyllite is lower, namely 534 and 484 kWh/ton, respectively. This means that the melting process can be emerged easier than the batch with alumina because the melting point of feldspar is around 1200°C and pyrophyllite dehydroxylates around 900°C. The kinetic properties of batch melting were investigated by Batch-Free Time method, which defines the melting ability of the modified batch. According to thermodynamic calculation, it was found that both alternative batches were melted easier. The study showed that feldspar or pyrophyllite could be used instead of alumina without significant changes in glass chemical composition and physical properties. The concern of using feldspar or pyrophyllite is the quantity of minor impurities which affect to the color appearance especially in clear glass products.
Preparation of Porous Ceramic and its Utilization as Spa Compress Ball
Authors: Visuttiko Sikarn , Jimtaisong Ampa
Published: March 2013

Herbal compress ball has been traditionally used in Thai spa industry. The major limitations of the product are microbial contamination and a short reuse-cycle. Thus, this work attempts to develop the ceramics in the form of compress ball. The porosity of the prepared porcelain ceramics, which affects the different absorption and vaporization of essential oils, was studied by the variation of Al2O3 quantities and firing temperatures. The absorption and vaporization on water and essential oils of the developed ceramics were studied at ambient temperature (24-27 °C), 50 °C and 100 °C. The ceramic product fried at 1150 °C possessed a higher absorption and evaporation than that fired at 1230 °C in all evaporated temperatures. Moreover, in term of the absorption property, water absorption raised as the Al2O3 content increased however; at 1150 °C of firing temperature, water absorption increased to maximum at 4% Al2O3 content but decreased at higher content. In addition, ceramic compress ball with the optimal properties (fired at 1150 °C, 4% Al2O3) was prepared and 60 mg of mixture of Plai oil, Lemongrass oil and Kaffir lime oil were added into the compress ball. The product was then tested by 10 volunteers and it showed that 80% of volunteers were highly satisfied with the product. Even though, the ceramic compress ball product tends to have volunteer’s positive satisfaction, there are some issues for further improvement such as rough and hard feeling, shape and usability of the product.
Preparation and Characterisation of Cattle Bone Based Hydroxyapatite Implant Coatings Using Electrostatic Spray Deposition
Authors: Baru Muhammadsarn-ii , Chaijaruwanich Anirut , Nakkiew Wasawat
Published: March 2013

The biocompatibility of orthopaedic or dental metallic implants can be significantly enhanced by the coatings of bioceramic materials. Currently, various deposition techniques such as plasma spraying, magnetron sputtering and pulsed laser deposition can be used for the metallic implant coating. Nevertheless, these methods are addressed as a high temperature processing and manufacturing cost. Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) has gained interest due to its simple and economical process involving a room temperature processing. Hence, the objectives of this study have focused on preparation and characterisation of cattle bone based hydroxyapatite (cHA) stainless steel implant coatings using ESD. Process parameters including electrode-substrate distance, applied electrical voltage, powder feed rate and current were optimised. The chemical composition of cattle bone powder was investigated both before and after coating by X-ray diffractometry (XRD). The XRD pattern of cattle bone powder demonstrated that all significant peaks matched with HA both before and after coatings. The morphological characteristic of the coatings was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The surface morphology of the coatings showed a homogeneous and dense layer. The average thickness was about 40 µm. The in vitro bioactivity of cHA coatings was investigated by an acellular simulated body fluid soaking experiment. The accelerated apatite precipitation process occurred on the cHA-coated stainless steel surfaces compared to the uncoated stainless steel surfaces. Thus, the use of ESD is a promising technique in producing cHA coatings for biomedical applications.
Virgin Coconut Oil Containing Injectable Vehicles for Ibuprofen Sustainable Release
Authors: Anuchatkidjaroen Sumuntana , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: March 2013

Virgin coconut oil (VCO) has been utilized as traditional medicine and herbal vehicle especially in tropical countries. The wax formation dispersed in this oil during storage at cool environment makes it not homogenous and opaque. The utilization of this oil is limited for the cool climate countries and also this is difficult for using it as injectable oil vehicle in pharmaceuticals. Therefore the decrease of wax formation temperature will possibly diminish this problematic behavior. The purpose of this study is to investigate the wax inhibitor capability of other injectable vehicles and controlled drug release characteristic of VCO without or containing these vehicles. Ibuprofen (IB) which is non steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) was used as a model drug because it can be soluble in VCO. N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), benzyl benzoate (BB), benzyl alcohol (BA), isopropyl myristate (IM) and ethyl oleate (EO) were employed as injectable vehicles. Viscosity, pour point, cloud point and polarized light microscope examinations were conducted to characterize the change of VCO physical properties. In vitro drug release experiment was performed using dialysis method at 50 rpm and 37 °C, in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Then least square fitting in vitro release data to the different mathematical expressions (power law, first order, Higuchi’s and zero order) was carried out using Scientist 2.1 Programme. Because injectable vehicles decreased viscosity of VCO, they improved the efficiency for measuring the VCO viscosity at lower temperature. BB and NMP were chosen as representative of the injectable vehicles because they showed many proper properties for injectable formula. Both pour point and cloud point were apparently reduced by BB greater than NMP, because BB could disturb the wax crystal formation as seen under polarized light microscope. The release rates of IB without or containing injectable vehicles were not different. From curve fitting, drug release profiles were first order kinetic therefore the drug release depended on the drug concentration in dialysis tube. From the results indicated that the injectable vehicles especially, BB and NMP could inhibit the VCO wax formation but not affected the drug release kinetic from VCO.
Modifying Poly(L-Lactic Acid) Matrix Film Properties with High Loaded Poly(Ethylene Glycol)
Authors: Chitrattha Sasiprapa , Phaechamud Thawatchai
Published: March 2013

Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is a biodegradable and bioabsorbable polymer which has many potential uses. However, PLA shows the poor toughness, slow degradation rate and relatively hydrophobic.Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) is widely used as a plasticizer and of great interest because it presents outstanding properties, e.g. solubility in water and also in some organic solvents, lack of toxicity and absence of antigenicity and immunogenicity, which are essential for biomedical applications. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of high amount PEG 400 to improve the characteristics of PLA matrix film. PLA matrix films were prepared using a solvent casting method and their various properties were investigated. Mechanical properties were determined with texture analyzer. Contact angle and surface free energy were measured using the goniometer. From the mechanical properties evaluated (tensile strength (TS) and elongation at break (E)), all plasticized PLA films exhibited the softer behavior and the plasticized PLA films with150 % PEG 400 indicated the higher % elongation at break than pure PLA, significantly. The contact angle and surface free energy values indicated that PEG 400 could improve the wettability of solventsand also increase % water sorption and % weight loss with as dose dependent.Surprisingly, SEM photographs revealed more porous structure as the higher amount PEG 400 was incorporated in PLA film. This porous structure and density of developed plasticized PLA film could be modified with temperature change technique. Parameters affecting the 3-D porous plasticized PLA matrix were revealed in this study. The optimum condition for producing the continuous 3-D porous plasticized PLA matrix was obtained. This porous topography in PLA matrix film will be applied further as material in tissue engineering and drug delivery systems.
The Effect of Titanium Dioxide and Additives on Heat Reflection and Thermal Reduction of Paint
Authors: Sukhummek Boonnak , Angkaew Suppalak , Chonkaew Wunpen , Pongcharoen Kritsana , Lumpuengkul Kannika
Published: March 2013

This work aimed to investigate the effects of titanium dioxide (TiO2) content as well as type and content of additives on heat reflection and thermal reduction of external roof paint. Three additives were used including 80-micron glass microspheres (RM1), 40-micron glass microspheres (RM2) and the commercial insulated resin mixed with 80-micron glass microspheres (RM3). The three-layer paint structure (topcoat, middle insulating layer, and bottom rust-protective layer) coated on zinc plate was used. TiO2 (23-32 %wt) was incorporated into topcoat layer while the additives (0.5, 1 and 2 %wt) were added into the middle layer. Thickness of the topcoat and bottom layer was 100 microns and that of the middle layer were 100 and 200 microns. The results revealed that TiO2 improved heat reflectivity of paint film and the optimum reflectance was obtained at 28 %wt TiO2 loading. All of the microsphere additives enhanced thermal reduction through its insulating nature. It was found that higher content of additives gave larger thermal reduction and larger microsphere (RM1) gave a larger thermal reduction than that of the smaller ones (RM2). The incorporation of 1 %wt RM3 in the middle layer (200-micron thick) gave the best results which can lower the internal temperature up to 7 °C compared to the standard roof paint formulation. Note that adding too much additive (2 %wt of RM3) caused phase separation and high surface roughness in the middle layer, and resulted in catastrophically drop in thermal reduction ability.
Web3D-Based Product Design and Interactive Customization Technology
Authors: Guo Lei , Ji Xiao Min , Bai Xiao Bo
Published: March 2013

In mass customization mode, it was an inevitable trend that user custom products become really required through network. Aimed at the characteristics of the products display and Customization on the Internet, Web3D are used in developing Customization methods of products form, material and color. It was proved that the method could help to improve consumers’ ability to customize products interactive on internet, which can promote participation of the customers and enhance the competitive ability of the enterprises.
Surface Uniformity of CVD Diamond Film Polishing by Catalytic Polishing Method
Authors: Zhou Di Feng , Zheng Xiu Lian , Ruan Chen , Zhang Li
Published: March 2013

CVD diamond is the main trend of future diamond materials. Surface uniformity of CVD diamond film polishing is one of the key technologies to expand the application of CVD diamond. Based on the catalytic polishing method, rotation velocity of the planet wheel is achieved when the lapping plate is in different rotation velocity and different bias distance by mechanics analysis. The lapping surface uniformity is analyzed to find out the best bias distance and velocity ratio by simulating the lapping times of different CVD diamond film with different velocity ratio and bias distance. At last, the lapping planet velocity and bias distance are achieved when polishing is in the best condition. The high uniformity surface can be achieved when polishing is carried out in these parameters.
Modal Analysis of Special High-Pressure Seamless Cylinders Based on ANSYS 12.0
Authors: Hu Xiao Long , Qin Zhong Bao , Guo Jian Feng , Yue Ying Juan
Published: March 2013

This paper discussed the impact of the quantity and position of constraint on the natural frequency of special high-pressure seamless cylinders. The Finite Element modal of the special high-pressure seamless cylinders was constructed based on ANSYS12.0. The vibration frequencies and modal shapes under different conditions were obtained by the Finite Element analysis. The result will be used for improving the safe capability of the Special High-pressure Seamless Cylinders.
Study on Performance of PEMFC Catalyst Layer
Authors: Zhang Jian Rong , Lu Cong Da , Wen Dong Hui
Published: March 2013

This paper summarizes the performance of PEMFC catalyst layer. The main materials used as catalyst in PEMFC are presented as well as the typical structure of MEA. Functions of catalyst during the operation of PEMFC are discussed in detail. Catalyst plays a key role in accelerating the rate of electrochemical reaction, especially that of reduction with oxygen in cathode. But its high cost and low tolerance for has resulted in a severe fact that essentially all the longevity of PEMFC which adopts precious metal-platinum or platinum alloys as catalysts is relatively short. A sputter deposited method is presented to enhance the efficiency of catalyst in PEMFC, while whether this method would bring about a striking effect or not remains worth further researches.
Study of Spherical Near-Field Acoustic Holography with Rigid Spherical Microphone Array
Authors: Qiu Xin Guo , Li Ming Zong , Lu Huan Cai , Jiang Wei
Published: March 2013

The aim of this paper is to investigate the impacts of various parameters of rigid spherical microphone array in detecting and locating interior sound source. Helmholtz Equations are adopted to express the sound field produced by the incident field and scattered field. The gradient of the pressure is zero at the surface for the sphere is rigid. Both the incident and scattered coefficient could be obtained by solving the Helmholtz Equation using the boundary condition. Then the interior sound field could be detected and located on with the methodology of spherical near-field acoustic holography (SNAH). This study is developed in two aspects，one is configuring the microphone in various distribution in the same sphere radius, and the other one is changing the radius of sphere array. Numerical simulations are carried out to determine the optimum microphone array configuration and structure parameters. One, two, and three sound sources are arranged respectively in different displacement to the sphere center and in different angle direction to simulate the real situation. During the experiments, Omni-directional speakers and beeps are adopted as sound sources. The result shows that the method to detect and locate sound source in interior sound field is valid.
Study on the Materials and Forming Process for Bipolar Plates of PEMFC
Authors: Lu C.D. , Mao P.Z. , Wen D.H. , Jia H.
Published: March 2013

Proton exchange membrane fuel cell(PEMFC) has some advantages, such as high efficiency, eco-friendly virtue, high energy density, fast startup and so on, so it develops a wide prospect application . The bipolar plates is one of the key components for PEMFC which possess the functions of providing the channel for reaction gas, collecting current, conducting heat of reaction. At present ,the cost of bipolar plate accounts for about 30%-45% of the stack cost. Therefore, the most critical factor that decides the industrialization of PEMFC is the cost reduction. In this paper, first an introduction several main materials of the metallic bipolar plate. Then a presentation of the developing forming processes of the metallic bipolar plate and the extent problems, as well as the study status of the bipolar plate at home and abroad;. At last, a prospect for the future research development direction of the bipolar plate.
Reconstruction and Analysis of Wear Topography of PcBN Abrasive Grain
Authors: Miao Qing , Ding Wen Feng , Xu Jiu Hua , Chen Zhen Zhen , He Jian
Published: March 2013

This paper mainly deals with the reconstruction and fractal analysis of wear topography of brazed polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (PcBN) grain in grinding process. On the basis of fractal analysis, the uncertainty in shape and complexity in wear mechanism are analyzed by means of the construction of micro fracture of PcBN grain after producing the brazed abrasive tool with PcBN grains and carrying out grinding test. The main results are summarized as follows: (1) Actual behavior of self-sharpening phenomenon due to micro fracture in the grinding process can be grasped and reconstructed using SEM and 3D video microscope. The reconstruction model can clearly express the complicated wear features and characteristics of the grain. (2) The fractal dimension can relate the performance of PcBN grain to its micro fracture, and then the self-sharpening phenomenon due to micro fracture can be evaluated quantitatively on the basis of fractal analysis.
Prediction of Electromigration Induced Void and Hillock for IC Interconnect Structures
Authors: Zhang Yuan Xiang , Wu Jun , Ji Ying Yu
Published: March 2013

This paper investigates the electromigration (EM) induced void and hillock generation in IC interconnect structures. The driving force for electromigration induced failure considered here includes the electron wind force, stress gradient, temperature gradient, as well as the atomic density gradient, which were neglected in many of the existing studies on eletromigration. The comparison of void/hillock formation and the time to failure (TTF) life through numerical example of the SWEAT structure with the measurement results are studied and discussed.
Engineering Graphics Model Room Based on VRML
Authors: Xie Fang , Wang You Jun , Lv Qiu Juan , Du Hai Xia , Li Yan Jiao
Published: March 2013

The traditional engineering graphics model room could not be effective use by space, time and other factors of limitation. In view of the above questions, network engineering graphics model room was built with VRML software as a platform. This technology made use of PRO/E, Dreamweaver, Java software in order to transmission stability, the three dimensional visualization and strong interactivity and functional requirements. It has the important practical significance in remote education and teaching.
Modelling of Crown on Cold Rolled Aluminium Sheet
Authors: Pálinkás Sándor , Krallics György , Bézi Zoltán
Published: March 2013

The quality demands of shape characteristics of strips have especially been increased recently by the modern industrial branches processing strips. The final shape of sheet is influenced by the construction and stiffness of mill stand and the shaping parameters through the deformation patterns of roll gap. The purpose of our research work was the modelling of shape-defects (crown) developing during cold rolling in order to increase the technological precision of production of sheets.
Development of a Complex Optimizing Model of Wire Drawing Technology
Authors: Kovács Sándor , Mertinger Valéria
Published: March 2013

The drawing of wires with round cross section is a widely used technological method for making a great number of wire products of different range of sizes having excellent material- and surface quality. The planning of any kinds of wire drawing technology is greatly facilitated by knowing the models describing the technological parameters in the best possible way. Mainly the finite element method (FEM) and the analytical method are used for modelling the above parameters. Contrary to FEM, the advantage of the continuous analytical models is that they require less calculation processes and this fact seems to be really a great advantage when planning the technology in industrial circumstances. In the course of planning, the choosing of the individual technological parameters is determined by the cost effectiveness (i.e. the min. specific energy consumption), the quality of products and the productivity. The aim of our research work was to determine and develop a complex optimizing target function for the cold drawing technology which takes into consideration each of the above conditions and hasn’t been published in the references yet. By utilizing the fast computability of analytical model, a design software meeting all the expectations and giving IN-TIME result in industrial circumstances was developed by means of the complex optimization target function
Design Curves for High-Cycle Fatigue Loaded Structural Elements
Authors: Koncsik Zsuzsanna , Lukács János
Published: March 2013

Frequently, the cause of the failure of different structures or structural elements is the cyclic loading. Both fatigue design curves and methods for determination of these curves can be found in the literature. Even so, there are structural details whereabouts executing of examinations is necessary. The aims of the study are as follows: to give a short summary of important design curves can be found in different standards or specifications; and to demonstrate of own high cycle fatigue tests on a soldered structural element and the comparing of our results and the results of an empirical method.
A New Method to Examine the Annealing of Two Alloying Elements of 3004-Grade Cast Aluminum by Resistivity and Thermoelectric Power
Authors: Tranta Ferenc
Published: March 2013

Simultaneous measurement of electric resistance and thermopower the concentration of manganese and magnesium in the solid solution were determined by using the Matthiessen and Nordheim-Gorter relationships, in case of homogenized continuously cast AlMn1Mg3 alloy. It can be stated that the quantity of magnesium changes only in a small extent in the course of heat treatment while the manganese precipitates from the oversaturated structure between 400°C and 600°C then it dissolves again over 600°C.
Investigation of Microstructure of Cast Iron by Color Etching
Authors: Kardos Ibolya , Gácsi Zoltána
Published: March 2013

A lot of phases can be present in the structure of cast iron depending on the quality and the heat treatment processes. By using the color etching, the different phases – e.g. the carbides – can exactly be identified and their quantity can be measured. The carbide of iron (cementite) or other types of carbides existing in the structure have a significant influence on the properties of cast product therefore strict prescriptions regulate their quantity mainly in case of making cast products for the motor-car industry. In the course of our experiments performed by using the color etching, we proved that carbides can be detected and their quantity can be determined by using the digital image processing method by means of the different reagents. Other different characteristics of the structure can become visible by means of the reagents used during the color etching. During the investigations, it was experienced that some of the ferrite grains are etched in different color. This is probably connected to the orientation of grains as the thickness of interference-film is different on the anode phases having different orientation and therefore they color in different tones.
Development of Amorphous and Microstructured Surface Layer by Laser Surface Treatment
Authors: Svéda Mária , Roósz András
Published: March 2013

The aim of the research was to develop an amorphous and microstructured layer on non-amorphous alloys by laser surface treatment. The as-prepared Cu based master alloy ingots were imbedded in a metallic sinking with Wood metal to assure the good thermal conductivity during the laser treatment. The laser remelting, alloying and coating techniques were applied from the laser surface treatment techniques. The surface layer production and a subsequent rapid cooling were performed using CO2 laser and pulse and continuous modes of Nd:YAG laser. The characterization of the microstructure of the resulting surface layer was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Actual remelting on substrates showed that the process of laser remelting is a suitable technique for production of metallic glasses as surface layers. The amorphous layer up to 250 m in depth can be produced by laser surface remelting on Cu46Zr42Al7Y5 alloy.
Effect of the Technological Parameters on the Thermal Conditions of Die-Casting Tool
Authors: Dúl Jenő , Leskó Zsolt , Juhász Borbála
Published: March 2013

The heat balance of a casting cycle can be ensured in short times by the annealing of the die-casting tool, by which the well-constructed and well-functioned cooling system can enhance productivity. Incorrect cooling, however, can lead to heat unbalance in the die casting tool, thus causing the destruction of casting quality, reduction of the lifetime of die casting tool and irreversible production-reduction. Beside the theoretical examination of construction and function of cooling system, the evaluation of the effectively removed heat quantities has great importance. The paper presents an analysis of the function of the cooling system of a scraggy thin casting of AlSi9Cu3 alloy, in case of different cooling parameters. Based on the measured results of the inlet and outlet temperatures and the volume flow of the cooling agents, the heat quantities belonging to the cooling circles are determined and an optimization of the cooling system is proposed. The findings of the analysis can be utilized for the construction and optimum operation of die-casting cooling systems.
The Effect of Homogenization on the Annealing of Al-1,5%Mn Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Hegyes Tibor , Barkoczy Peter
Published: March 2013

The softening of Al-Mn base alloys not only depend on the degree of deformation and the parameters of annealing, but the pre-treatment of as-cast alloy. Large extent of the Mn remains in the solid solution during the crystallization process. During a high temperature heat treatment the manganese precipitate from the solid solution phase. The size and amount of the precipitations mainly of the processes takes place during annealing. In this article this effect is studied through the heat treatment and deformation of a specific alloy.
Comparative Study of Precipitation Hardened and Equal Channel Angular Pressed Powder Metallurgical Al-Alloy Samples
Authors: Pázmán Judit , Gácsi Zoltána , Krallics György
Published: March 2013

In the research work the precipitation hardening and/or equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) of PM aluminium alloy (AlCuSiMg) samples were investigated. The aim of the research was to determine the optimal parameters for precipitation hardening, especially temperature and time (in terms of maximal strength), and to test the ECAP pressing number for the same properties of precipitation hardened samples. The samples produced were studied by SEM, X-ray diffraction. The results showed that the PM samples had higher mechanical properties after one pressing by ECAP than after precipitation hardening with optimal parameters. In severe plastic deformation a heated die with a channel angle of 90° and ‘A’ route was used. During the heat treatment the applied temperature of the solution treatment was 420-540°C for 1 hour or 3 hours, and hardening was applied at 180°C for 5 hours.
Modelling of Flow Properties of Asphalt Mastics
Authors: Geber Robert , Gömze László A.
Published: March 2013

The present research work deals with the examination and rheological modelling of flow properties of asphalt mastics which are the most important components of asphalt concretes. Asphalt mastics are mixtures of fine grained mineral filler particles (d<0,063 mm) and bitumen, having a stabilizing role in asphalt mixtures and largely determining the cohesion between mineral particles and bitumen. During our examinations two types of mineral fillers – limestone and dolomite – as well as standard bitumen were tested, which are extensively used in Hungarian road construction. Asphalt mastic mixtures were prepared out of these materials and they were tested with dynamic shear rheometer (DSR). According to the test results, rheological models of mastics were determined. It has been established that at different test temperatures and shear rate ranges asphalt mastics behave as Herschel-Bulkley and Bingham-type materials.