bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Environmental and trade policies: some methodological lessons
Authors: Smith V. Kerry , Espinosa J. Andrès
Published: July 2008

This paper provides an overview of recent research on the interconnections between environmental and trade policies. It describes how the assumptions of these models can be important to the conclusions derived on the gains from coordination. The Harrison–Rutherford–Wooton CGE model of the European Union is used to illustrate the importance of these issues. This model was extended to include three air pollutants and their health effects as non-separable influences on household preferences in each region described by the model. The results suggest that the conventional assumption of separability in preferences between marketed and non-marketed goods is central to conclusions about the importance of coordination of these policies.
Natural resource degradation effects of poverty and population growth are largely policy-induced: the case of Colombia
Authors: Heath John , Binswanger Hans
Published: July 2008

The sustainability of natural resource use is influenced by population pressure, but this exercises a much less critical impact than the overall policy framework. In Colombia, various agricultural and other policies whose effect is to constrain the poor's access to land encourage environmental degradation. A case is made in favour of the new land reform process that Colombia is launching.
Measuring sustainable development: progress on indicators
Authors: Pearce David , Hamilton Kirk , Atkinson Giles
Published: July 2008

The search for sustainability indicators should be guided by a theory of sustainable development (SD). In this paper we investigate two such theoretical frameworks and the indicators that they suggest. Indicators associated with weak sustainability are characterized by aggregative indicators such as green national income. We conclude, however, that a more promising offshoot of green accounting is measures of genuine savings (i.e. savings adjusted for loss of assets). To achieve SD, genuine savings rates must not be persistently negative. Strong sustainability indicators accord a more central role to the conservation of critical natural assets within the broader goal of prudently managing a nation's portfolio of assets over time. We discuss two approaches—carrying capacity and resilience—and conclude that, while measures of resilience are potentially attractive, more research is required regarding the resilience–SD link. However, an important conclusion that we can make is that, even in an economy operating under a strong sustainability regime, genuine savings are still key indicators of SD and are complementary to measures of changes in stocks of critical natural assets.
Wildlife management, illegal hunting and conflicts. A bioeconomic analysis
Authors: Skonhoft Anders , Solstad Jan Tore
Published: July 2008

The paper analyzes the conflict between illegal and legal exploitation of wildlife species in an East African context. In the model there are two agents, an agency managing a national park of fixed area and a group of local people living in the vicinity of the park. The park agency has the legal right to exploit the wildlife, while the local people hunt illegally. Because of the property rights, the park agency has incentives to invest in the stock of wildlife, while the behaviour of the local people is steered by short-term considerations. The model is analyzed in two steps. Firstly, the market solution is studied. Next, the model is examined when user and property rights are given to the local people.
Health impacts of epidemiological environment change: measurement issues
Authors: Kirigia Joses
Published: July 2008

Epidemiological environment (EE) could be denned as a set of conditions and processes, both physical and social, that influence the interaction between human beings and disease agents. The human epidemiological environment is shaped by various aspects of development and global change, viz. the influences of human population size, mobility, geographic distribution, urbanization, and nutrition status; modernization (macro-and microeconomic enterprise); loss of indigenous medicinal knowledge; microbial evolution of antibiotic resistance; land conversion and biodiversity loss; agricultural intensification; stratospheric ozone depletion; and climatic change (Daily and Ehrlich, 1995). Health status is affected greatly not only by economic development (e.g. by policies influencing per capita income and its distribution), but also through changes in EE.
Development, environment and health: what else we should know
Authors: Myers Norman
Published: July 2008

The Daily and Ehrlich article presents, as expected, a detailed account of the myriad interrelationships between development, global change (notably population growth and global warming), environment and disease. It is a first-class exposition of what we know, and it would be invidious to raise a critical eyebrow about it. In this comment, I take a look at what we do not know—what we know we do not know, what we ought to know, and what we do not know we do not know. Hence it is a piece that reflects speculation supreme, albeit informed (and hopefully inspired) speculation.
The role of markets in the worsening epidemiological environment
Authors: Nganda Benjamin M.
Published: July 2008

In their article, Daily and Ehrlich have discussed a number of important recent trends associated with development and global change that appear to be reducing health security. Besides their immediate epidemiological implications, most issues raised in the paper have economic implications. However, from the point of view of the methodology of economics, despite the paper's being illuminating on the issues discussed, the immediate notable aspect is the lack of a model or framework with/within which those issues are being analysed. Indeed, it is very hard to think of a single framework which would be all-encompassing enough to be applicable to the analysis of all the issues raised in the paper. But I submit that these issues can be adequately addressed and analysed using the rather simplistic model of production and consumption,1 which is the core of all economic analysis. In what follows, I will pick only a few of the issues raised in the paper and put them within the context of this basic economic model, so as to examine their economic implications.
The economics of the environment
Authors: Dasgupta Partha
Published: July 2008

This article offers an account of the economics of the environment. I sketch the subject's motivation and scope, and try to identify what we know and what we don't as yet know about matters of concern. This demands brazen selection, and I haven't avoided it: for the most part, the article explores the interface of rural poverty and the environmental resource-base in poor countries. A contrast is drawn between geographically localized resources and the global commons. The role of property rights, both private and collective, and their implied resource allocation mechanisms are studied. Criteria for social cost–benefit analysis of projects and policies are derived, and their link with the concept of net national product is drawn.
A note on ivory trade and elephant conservation
Authors: Bulte Erwin H. , van Kooten G. Cornelis
Published: July 2008

To protect the elephant, trade in ivory has been banned since 1990. In this paper, we demonstrate that this ban's effect on elephant populations is ambiguous. Depending on the discount rate, among other things, the trade ban can either increase or decrease optimal population size. If the decision-maker's discount rate exceeds a certain threshold, the optimum stock of elephants is greater with a trade ban. Since the threshold is in the range of possible social discount rates, the success of the trade ban in promoting elephant conservation will vary spatially and temporally, depending on the characteristics and level of development of countries with significant elephant populations.
Efficient emission reduction through joint implementation
Authors: Babu P. G. , Saha Bibhas
Published: July 2008

This paper models joint implementation (JI) for emission reduction between a developed and a developing country. When the per unit price of JI abatement is negotiated, the relative pay-offs deviate from the ratio of bargaining powers. When firms bargain, country-wise gains can increase with a greater abatement target. But if the governments bargain, the developing country's gains increase at the expense of the developed country as the target increases. However, the Pareto optimal JI can be achieved only when the governments negotiate over both abatement and transfer.
Tradable emission quotas, technical progress and climate change
Authors: Bertram I.G.
Published: July 2008

The paper reviews two alternative rules for allocation of property rights in a global greenhouse-gas emissions budget, assuming implementation of a tradablequota arrangement. These are the per capita rule and no-regrets-for-the-South (NRFTS) rule. The operation of a quota market under these alternative regimes is simulated on a spreadsheet, using 1990–1 data from 125 countries. A significant result is that once the South has secured a quota allocation based on the per capita principle, it stands collectively to lose from progress in abatement technology because of the strong link from technical progress to the world market price of quota. The more restricted NRFTS rule gives the South smaller gains from the quota system, but enables it to retain some of the rents from its own technical progress. Some implications for the South's position in future negotiations are noted.
To classify or not to classify, that is the question?
Authors: Mosley Caroline , Crowder Lee
Published: July 2008

I recently found myself in the ‘enviable’ position of purchasing a library management system. The whole process gave me the chance to review the current classification scheme. The classification used was a ‘home made’ scheme based on broad legal topics. While the scheme was in itself fine, developments in the law meant that a significant number of areas were no longer sufficient. Coupled with the rapid growth in the firm's specialisms in the past few years, the classification scheme no longer served the needs of the library.
Cataloguing to help law library users
Authors: Shearer James
Published: July 2008

The title of James Shearer's article makes his aim and ambit clear. James Shearer regularly teaches day courses on cataloguing for Aslib, and has recently provided bespoke courses for the London Library and the Library of the European Commission. He is an information consultant and lecturer in information management at the University. With Alan R. Thomas he co-edited Cataloguing and classification: trends, transformations, teaching and training (Haworth Press, 1997). Examples of cataloguingc referred to in the text appear on pp. 14 to 17.
SPTL/BIALL Academic Law Library Survey 2000/2001
Authors: Jackson Cathie
Published: July 2008

This is the latest report arising from the SPTL/BIALL Survey. It was prepared by Cathie Jackson of Cardiff University
Current Awareness
Authors: Gee David , Tomlinson June
Published: July 2008

ThisCurrent Awarenesscolumn, and previous Current Awareness columns, are now fully searchable in the newcaLIMdatabase (Current Awareness for Legal Information Managers). ThecaLIMdatabase is available on the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Web site at: http://iala.sas.ac.uk/library/caware/caware.htm
Human Rights Information Sources: Databases and the Internet
Authors: Hodgson Kate
Published: July 2008

UK and International case materials, news updates and commentary. This service includes

Current awareness. News and Updates on Human Rights.

Cases. Includes relevant cases from All England Next-Day Case Digests, Butterworths Human Rights Cases, European Court of Human Rights, All Englans Law Reports and Law Reports of the Commonwealth.

Commentary. Lester & Pannick: Human Rights Law and Practice

Human Rights Act 1998

Links. A Selection of links useful to practitioners affected by the Human Rights Act 1998

Catalogue

E-mail Alterter. Allows the user to recieve tailored daily or weekly updates Containing the development appearing in Human Rights Direct.
The Legislative Process in the Northern Ireland Assembly
Authors: Woodman George
Published: July 2008

These are divided into three categories: Excepted Reserved and Transferred Matters. Excepted Matters are those which are always the responsibility of the United Kingdom Government. They include such matters as external defence, foreign policy and coinage and are listed in full in Sch 2 to the Northern Ireland Act 1998. Reserved Matters are those which, while remaining the responsibility of Westminster, could be devolved in the future. They include taxation and policing and Sch 3 to the 1998 Act lists them in full. Transferred Matters are all other functions of Government which are devolved to an Assembly.
Forward to 2001: An Information Odyssey
Authors: Stevenson Valerie
Published: July 2008

BIALL hosted a winter regional meeting at the Signet Library in Edinburgh in December.This event gave members who are not able to attend the annual study conference June an opportunity to get together and discuss current professional issues. Local librarians who are not BIALL members were also invited to attend, and there was a good turnout from the Scottish and North of England law librarians groups. The Signet Library, a private subscription library for members of the Society of Writers to the Signet in Scotland, provided a wonderful setting for the talks, discussion sessions and the Friday evening dinner: many us envied Audrey Walker and her team coming to work each day in such elegant surroundings.
Seeking the easy answers only
Authors: McDonnell Catherine
Published: July 2008

“It's so easy to find information on the Internet”; “it's impossible to find information on the Internet”. Both these statements are heard frequently, sometimes in the same breath, but which is true.
SPTL/BIALL Academic Law Library Survey 1999/2000
Authors: Jackson Cathie
Published: July 2008

The following report outlines the activities and funding of academic law libraries in the UK and Ireland in the academic year I 99912000.The figures have been taken from the results of a postal questionnaire undertaken by Information Services staff at Cardiff University on behalf of the Society of Public Teachers of Law (SPTL).
Search Engine Update
Authors: Stevenson Valerie
Published: July 2008

Looking back to 1999, there were a number of search engines which performed equally well. I recommended defining the search strategy very carefully, using Boolean logic and field search techniques, and always running the search in more than one search engine. Numerous articles and Web columns comparing the performance of different search engines came to different conclusions on the ‘best’ search engines. Over the last year, however, all the speakers at conferences and seminars I have attended have recommended Google as their preferred tool for locating all kinds of information on the Web. I confess that I have now abandoned most of my carefully worked out search strategies and comparison tests, and use Google for most of my own Web searches.
Electronic Sources of US Legal Information
Authors: Cook Roger
Published: July 2008

Most of these sites contain very good sets of links, both to other Government sites and to other sources of legal information. It is by no means comprehensive, as a comprehensive list would require far more space than is available here, and would also become outdated far more quickly than this selective list. The important thing to remember is that the information is, usually, out there somewhere.
Just Enrichment? or just a holiday?
Authors: Hodgson Kate
Published: July 2008

In October 2000 I was lucky enough to receive a BIALL bursary to attend the New Zealand Law Librarians Group conference in Christchurch, New Zealand. I had a stimulating and motivating time there and would like to encourage all BIALL members to apply for an overseas bursary at some point–the experience is so worthwhile, which ever conference you go to.
Flexing the Right Muscle: CALL/ABCD 39th Annual Conference 2001, London, Ontario
Authors: Steveson Valerie
Published: July 2008

I had always heard that BIALL delegates to the CALL conference were warmly welcomed, and this year proved to be no exception. From the moment I arrived in Canada, I was greeted like an old friend, reflecting the close co-operation between our two Associations over the years. The size of the conference and structure of the programme make it very easy for BIALL delegates to participate, and the facilities in the London Convention Centre were excellent, making this a very enjoyable trip.
The Value of Qualification in the Modern Information World
Authors: Amos Tamsin
Published: July 2008

Professions of all types are being affected by globalisation of markets and the information technology revolution. The information world is developing rapidly and increasing numbers of people are being attracted to working within this modern sphere, many of whom have had no formal information training. Does this mean that a library and information qualification is no longer a requirement and if so why As an information graduate in the modern information world, I have two choices. I can take each day as it comes and become a pawn in a high stakes chess game played by others or I can take individual responsibility and develop my own career.
First Steps Towards Information Architecture
Authors: Kirkwood Hal
Published: July 2008

In the essential work, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web by Lou Rosenfeld and Peter Morville (ISBN 1-56592-282-4), the authors state that the primary job of the information architect is to:

clarify the mission and vision for the site, balancing the needs of its sponsoring organisation and the needs of its audiences

determine what content and functionality the site will contain

specify how users will find information in the site by defining its organisation, navigation, labelling, and searching systems

map out how the site will accommodate change and growth over time.

These points rather succinctly describe what an information architect sets out to accomplish for any given site and/or situation. But given these points what should someone ‘do’ to implement improved information architecture (IA) for a site? Where do you start?
Local Law Society Libraries
Authors: Martin Ruth
Published: July 2008

‘You'll be bored’ they told me, when I left my post in a busy law firm library and took up the role of Information Manager at the Bristol Law Society, surrounded by leather-bound books and cherry-wood shelves. I think it was a problem of perception: what would I do with my time without having partners demanding their research by yesterday, if not sooner? Would people really want me to provide very old cases all day long? Just what exactly was the local law society library for?
Names have been Changed
Authors: Whittle Steve
Published: July 2008

On flight NW43 from Gatwick I am the excitable passenger in seat 22B glancing nervously at the permafrost several thousand feet below as we head rapidly over Greenland (?) for the USA. I am travelling (with much thanks to BIALL and AALL) towards the 94th AALL Meeting and Conference (my first) being held in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where I am due to speak in session H3 about the Social Science Information Gateway and the work led by IALS to develop the law section of the Internet Gateway (http://www.sosig.ac.uk/law).
Notes from a Library Country
Authors: Doe Susan
Published: July 2008

You will all have noticed the proliferation of US law firms with offices in the UK, mainly London. Sidley Austin Brown & Wood (SABW) was formed in May 2001 as a result of a merger and is currently the second largest US law firm office in London (27 partners, 85 fee earners, 3 full-time library staff, one part timer, one freelance.) Like most of the US firms in London SABW concentrates on financial and corporate work — international finance, corporate securities, capital markets, tax and property.
Taxonomies
Authors: Miskin Christine
Published: July 2008

Taxonomies are becoming trendy! What do you, as a legal information professional, need to know about them? Do you already know a good deal because they appeared under the guise of classification schemes when you were studying librarianship or information science? In this article an attempt will be made to explain in comprehensible terms the place of taxonomies in current thinking about information retrieval, and in particular their relevance to your work as a legal information manager.
Automatic link creation within Legal Documents
Authors: Needle Justin
Published: July 2008

Many organisations, be they publishers or other information rich enterprises, are in possession of large volumes of data to which they are looking to add value in various ways. The motivation behind this might be purely commercial (a desire to publish revenue-generating material, for example) or, if the data is not intended for external consumption, an attempt to facilitate and improve the flow ofinformation within an organisation.
Legal Information Services in South Africa
Authors: Garratt Olwyn
Published: July 2008

There are currently 18,456 attorneys and Candidate attorneys registered with the Law Society of South Afric and 5,941 registered law firms (CLE 2002). Data is not yet available regarding the size distribution of these law firms but a glance at any of the national legal directories will reveal that the majority of attorneys operate as solo practitioners or in association with a few colleagues. A large city practice will generally be well supplied with information resources and with assistance from a librarian or information professional. In a small practice, the information resources that the attorney has at his or her disposal may be limited to a few textbooks, supplemented in some cases with access to electronic databases and Internet resources. Small practices seldom employ information professionals, although they may make use of the services of information agencies and independent contractors to assist with research and/or information management.
Publishing a Book: A Moral Tale
Authors: Humphries Caroline
Published: July 2008

I never wanted to get involved. I had a feeling it would take longer and be much more work than originally anticipated. I knew it would require an attention to detail which I would have trouble acquiring. I guessed it would take stamina, tact and perseverance. I worried it would put a strain on all sorts of relationships. How right I was!

It all started soon after I joined CMS ameron McKenna in April 1999. As a new PSL I was excited about giving up the relentless search for chargeable work required of all practising solicitors and I savoured the prospect of not having to complete a time sheet. Life was to become academically stimulating again—and above all stress free!
Discovering Columbus
Authors: Barr Sean
Published: July 2008

It took just a simple e-mail in the Autumn of 2000 to set the ball rolling towards one of the most informative, enjoyable and interesting professional experiences I've ever had. The e-mail in question was a request to fill in a questionnaire from the Foreign Comparative and International Law Special Interest Section of the American Association of Law Libraries. The questionnaire concerned participation in AALL's Clearinghouse for Internships & International Personnel Exchanges. This is a program used to promote exchanges and visits between law librarians in the US and abroad in order to develop both personal and professional relationships, and also to give librarians the chance to work with legal information sources pertaining to other jurisdictions. Library and Information Services (LIS) management here at the University of Wales Swansea (UWS) kindly agreed to explore both the avenues of hosting and that of ‘sending forth’ a law librarian within the program.
IT in the Law
Authors: Bebbington Laurence W.
Published: July 2008

Legal IT 2002, sponsored by Legal Week, took place on 6th and 7th February. A number of interesting keynote events were organised. Andrew Terrett spoke on the application of content management strategies to secure effective and efficient control over multi-system distributed content and Gerald Newman, the creator of the Law Society's Solicitors' Online site, reviewed online Web site marketing. Reviewing the event in Legal IT Kieren Flatt commented on the ‘rather uncertain future of dedicated IT trade shows for law firms’ but also noted that ‘the pace of innovation in the legal sector is, if anything, still accelerating’.
Meeting with Rachel Lesiter, Managing Director of the Lawyer
Authors: Lesiter Rachel
Published: July 2008

CEM: Could you give us some background information on the Lawtel service, please?
Selling commercial information to clients
Authors: Maher Michael
Published: July 2008

The Eversheds Communities project's aim is to put together an integrated online mix of Eversheds’ internal commentary and know-how, combin-ed with leading external commercial information content, and to make this combined service available to the firm's clients for an agreed fee.
Aspects of legal information work Of Barristers and Books
Authors: Million Alison
Published: July 2008

The ancient clusters of barristers’ chambers situated in and around London's Inns of Court are home to a growing number of law librarians. I first joined their ranks in December 1996, when I was offered a few hours work per week for a leading civil set on a freelance basis, performing mainly loose leafing. I accepted out of curiosity to learn exactly what went on in the enigmatic world of counsel's chambers, which was so often referred to in solicitors firms where I had previously worked.
Law Libraries in the Bahams
Authors: Dina Yemisi
Published: July 2008

Libraries in the Bahamas date back to the early nineteenth century and were initially set up through the activities of the Reading Society, the Bahamas Institute and the Bahamas Society for Diffusion of Knowledge. By the end of the nineteenth century there were five public libraries and reading rooms in the islands of the Bahamas namely: Nassau, Dunmore Town, Matthew Town, New Plymouth and Governor's Harbour. Readers had to pay a subscription to use these libraries and their founding was considerably influenced by the colonial presence on the islands. There are also many school libraries in the Bahamas and the Department of Archives has a very rich and highly patronized library.
Flag The New Internet Gateway to Foreign Law Holdings in UK National and University Libraries
Authors: Clinch Peter
Published: July 2008

Where can I locate in the UK the most extensive collection of the current legislation for the Cayman Islands? Which library has a comprehensive set of the World Trade Organisation International Trade Law Reports? Where can I find verbatim debates on bills as they pass through the New Zealand House of Representatives? Where are good collections of international environmental or commercial law? What are the opening hours and access conditions for a visiting researcher wishing to use the official publications collection of a particular major UK university?
IT in the Law
Authors: Bebbiington Laurence W.
Published: July 2008

Westlaw UK announced content enhancements at the end of October. European content is now updated each afternoon meaning that the Official Journal of the European Communities is now available within 24 hours of publication. Articles from the Scots Law Times from 1997 and case summaries from 2000 are now accessible on Westlaw UK, Westlaw UK Scots Law and Westlaw UK Scots Crime. The Westlaw UK Crime Service now includes Criminal Appeal Reports back to 1967 and The Criminal Appeal Reports (Sentencing) back to 1979. This additional content has been added directly to all Westlaw UK and Westlaw UK Crime practice area services. Finally, ICLR cases are now available on Westlaw UK Civil Procedure adding 7,000 full text law reports, and providing a case archive to complement the Civil Procedure Reports.
Cardiff Centre for Ethics, Law and Society
Authors: Gunning Jennifer
Published: July 2008

A new ethics resource was launched at the end of January; Cardiff Centre for Ethics, Law and Society (CCELS). The web site was officially launched by Dr Michael Wilks, Chairman of the BMA Ethics Committee, and the event was attended by some 90 people who listened to talks by Professor Richard Gardner, FRS, Professor Bob Lee, Professor Peter Whittaker and Professor Ruud ter Meulen. Full details of the occasion and of the papers given are on the web site at www.ccels.cardiff.ac.uk
A Scots Law Portal: Putting Scots Law on the Digital Map
Authors: Sibbald John
Published: July 2008

This is a revised version of a paper given by John Sibbald at Glasgow University Library on 19 august 2002 at the inaugural meeting of the International Federation of Library Associations' (IFLA) Law Libraries Discussion Group held in conjuction with the 68th IFLA General Conference 18–24 August. The Paper argues the case for Scotland, as a distinct jurisdiction within the UK, having its own seperate, identifiable, and official gateway to legal information.
“Over There and Over Here”: Some Observations on Recent Reader Services Developments at four Academic Legal Researh Libraries
Authors: Gee David
Published: July 2008

Every night for ten nights last May, I returned to room 128 in the Westside YMCA (West 63rd Street, New York City – just off Central Park) armed with more behind the scenes insights, professional secrets and first hand accounts of US law library operation and management than one slim A5 notebook could hope to hold. I was fortunate to be in the United States on a two-week placement at Columbia University, visiting some of America's great law libraries – the law school libraries of Columbia itself, New York University and Yale University. Each morning, after orange juice, coffee and a toasted cream cheese bagel, I would head out with the commuters to join the subway at Columbus Circle – uptown for Columbia or downtown for NYU. Every evening I would admire the energy of the mostly silver-haired athletes in brightly coloured lycra returning to the Westside “Y” after numerous circuits of the Jackie “O” reservoir on the upper east side of Central Park. The park is 843 acres of creative space bounded by impressive hotels, apartment blocks and the streets of Harlem. In May it is in perpetual motion from dawn to dusk with joggers, roller-bladers and cyclists weaving their way around the trees, fountains and numerous statues. Indeed it appears to be a huge magic garden, complete with beautiful street lamps that seem to come from C.S. Lewis's Narnia – another world, like the City itself, at once familiar and fascinatingly different.
In Celebration of Willi Steiner
Authors: Winterton Jules
Published: July 2008

In May 2003, I had the task of distributing the notice of Willi Steiner's death to colleagues, which is reproduced below. On 27 May an obituary appeared in the Times written by Willi's brother Francis. This article is an opportunity to mark Willi's passing with a substantial account of his career and contribution to the profession of law librarianship and to the process of research and scholarship in law. I would like to thank David Wills, Squire Law Librarian, and Paul Norman of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies Library for their assistance.
Willi Steiner: a Personal Appreciation
Authors: Anderson Muriel
Published: July 2008

I first met Willi Steiner in 1960 when I joined the library staff of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, where he was a frequent visitor in his capacity as Assistant Editor of the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals. He was extremely short-sighted and my first view of him was in the slightly undignified posture he had to adopt to read titles on the bottom shelves. But one of his many endearing attributes was that he never stood on his dignity and he would have been highly amused if he had caught his reflection in a mirror. Nor did he ever complain about his handicap beyond the very occasional rueful comment when he sometimes had to guess who had spoken to him. He did not allow it to deflect him from his many scholarly pursuits and personal interests and, happily, towards the end of his career, his sight was so much improved by an operation to his eyes that he only required spectacles for reading.
W.A.P.F. Steiner: 1918–2003
Authors: Reynolds Thomas
Published: July 2008

William A.F.P. Steiner, one of the founding editors of the Index to Foreign Legal Periodicals has died after a long illness. Willi (always Willi, never William or Dr. Steiner) had received his diplomate from Vienna shortly before he emigrated to England in 1938; he received a Masters degree from Cambridge and a Master of Laws degree from the University of London. He was a barrister of Gray's Inn, but his primary interests were bibliography and the organization of knowledge and information, and he almost immediately embarked on endeavours as a librarian and editor. His first positions were as assistant librarian at the London School of Economics, 1946–1958, and then the Squire Law Library at Cambridge, 1959–1968. In 1968 he returned to London as the Librarian of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, also serving as the Secretary of the Institute from 1968 to 1971. In 1984 he returned to Cambridge, where he had continued to live since 1959, but only to a semi-retirement of consulting, teaching and writing.
Federalism, U.S. Style
Authors: Heller James S.
Published: July 2008

The closest thing we in the United States have to what the British and Canadians call devolution is federalism: the sharing of power between the states and the federal government.
Knowledge Without Frontiers: Report on the 34th BIALL Conference, Cardiff, Wales, June 2003
Authors: Heij Danielle
Published: July 2008

I was a very fortunate law librarian in June this year – as the Chair of OSALL (the Organisation of South African Law Libraries), I was the only South African able to attend the 34th Annual BIALL conference, thanks to the generosity of BIALL who sponsored me as an Official Delegate. As a small token of my appreciation, I have written some memoirs spanning those five fabulous days, and I hope you enjoy reading them.
From the Hutton Enquiry to Driving Test Routes. The UK Freedom of Information Act (2000): Implications for Information Provision in the UK
Authors: Wood Steve
Published: July 2008

The months of August and September 2003 have seen an unprecedented release of information about the internal workings of the UK government during the Hutton enquiry; thousands of documents have been placed on the enquiry website, including key emails and memos. These documents have not been released under the UK Freedom of Information Act (2000), because they are part of a judicial enquiry into the death of Dr David Kelly. However this has served as an important reminder to the UK public of the importance of information in holding public authorities to account.
Interoperability: Love it or Loathe it
Authors: Clarke Stella G. Dextre
Published: July 2008

This article will be a Rogue's Gallery of some of the most off-putting jargon in our trade: unfriendly “metadata”, “taxonomy” and “thesaurus” as well as the infamous “interoperability”. We have to learn to live with these tricky characters, however. So why not learn to love them I will try to bring out what is useful about them, as well as facing up to the discomforts.
Competition Regulation in the UK Stage 2: Enterprise Act 2002
Authors: O'Connor Hilda
Published: July 2008

Few legal practitioners in the UK can be unaware of the introduction of the Competition Act 1998 (which came into force on 1 March 2000) and its impact upon commercial agreements/practices generally. Substantively, it prohibits agreements between undertakings, concerted practices and decisions by associations of undertakings i.e. decisions made by trade associations, which appreciably prevent, restrict or distort competition in the UK. Of course, this piece of national legislation is limited to the activities of businesses whose activities impact upon the competitiveness of the UK marketplace. The wider picture is provided by the European competition rules as embodied in Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty. However, both regimes essentially prevent the same range of activities save that the UK system only looks for adverse impact in the UK, whereas the European rules are concerned with adverse effects upon interstate trade and hence the competitiveness of the European marketplace.
Passing the Baton:
Authors: Dupont Jerry
Published: July 2008

I work for the Law Library Microform Consortium (LLMC), a cooperative with some 900 participating members. Most are in the US, with a fair number in Canada and some in Australia, the UK and sixteen other countries. For over a quarter of a century LLMC has provided its member libraries with a wide range of legal titles, including much Commonwealth material, on microfiche. We grew hoary in that task, but have been rejuvenated in a new role. We've just launched an on-line digital library, LLMC-Digital, which will provide vastly enhanced access to our materials. The foundation for this endeavour is our backfile of 92,000 volumes (some 49-million page images) filmed during the past 27 years. To that base will be added every new title acquired in LLMC's future filming or scanning.
The cardiff Index to Legal Abbreviations
Authors: Clinch Peter
Published: July 2008

Legal abbreviations can be a puzzle to both new students and experienced professionals. Traditionally, paper-based or electronic lists have been devised to help users identify to which legal publication an abbreviation refers. This web-based service, launched in June 2003, harnesses a relational database to the power of the internet to provide sophisticated searching, ease of updating and world-wide access. The Index is at http://www.legalabbrevs.cardiff.ac.uk/
Envision 2,500 Law Librarians in Seattle!
Authors: Gordon Karen
Published: July 2008

When I saw the programme for this year's AALL Conference in Seattle I resolved to try and get there. Not only was the schedule packed with interesting and relevant presentations, but as a long-standing Frasier fan, I had always fancied visiting Seattle! Many thanks to BIALL for awarding me a bursary and making it possible.
TransCom model simulations of hourly atmospheric CO2: Experimental overview and diurnal cycle results for 2002
Authors: Law R. M. , Peters W. , Rödenbeck C. , Aulagnier C. , Baker I. , Bergmann D. J. , Bousquet P. , Brandt J. , Bruhwiler L. , Cameron‐Smith P. J. , Christensen J. H. , Delage F. , Denning A. S. , Fan S. , Geels C. , Houweling S. , Imasu R. , Karstens U. , Kawa S. R. , Kleist J. , Krol M. C. , Lin S.‐J. , Lokupitiya R. , Maki T. , Maksyutov S. , Niwa Y. , Onishi R. , Parazoo N. , Patra P. K. , Pieterse G. , Rivier L. , Satoh M. , Serrar S. , Taguchi S. , Takigawa M. , Vautard R. , Vermeulen A. T. , Zhu Z.
Published: July 2008

A forward atmospheric transport modeling experiment has been coordinated by the TransCom group to investigate synoptic and diurnal variations in CO2. Model simulations were run for biospheric, fossil, and air‐sea exchange of CO2 and for SF6 and radon for 2000–2003. Twenty‐five models or model variants participated in the comparison. Hourly concentration time series were submitted for 280 sites along with vertical profiles, fluxes, and meteorological variables at 100 sites. The submitted results have been analyzed for diurnal variations and are compared with observed CO2 in 2002. Mean summer diurnal cycles vary widely in amplitude across models. The choice of sampling location and model level account for part of the spread suggesting that representation errors in these types of models are potentially large. Despite the model spread, most models simulate the relative variation in diurnal amplitude between sites reasonably well. The modeled diurnal amplitude only shows a weak relationship with vertical resolution across models; differences in near‐surface transport simulation appear to play a major role. Examples are also presented where there is evidence that the models show useful skill in simulating seasonal and synoptic changes in diurnal amplitude.
An 40Ar‐39Ar study of the Cape Verde hot spot: Temporal evolution in a semistationary plate environment
Authors: Holm Paul Martin , Grandvuinet Tanja , Friis Jacob , Wilson J. Richard , Barker Abigail K. , Plesner Susanne
Published: July 2008

The 40Ar‐39Ar analyses of 28 groundmass separates from volcanic rocks from the islands of Santiago, Sal, and São Vicente, Cape Verde archipelago, are presented. The new age data record the volcanic evolution for Santiago from 4.6 to 0.7 Ma, for Sal from around 15 to 1.1 Ma, and for São Vicente from 6.6 to 0.3 Ma. The major submarine constructional phase of Santiago was erupted within a few hundred thousand years interval around 4.6 Ma. Most of the subaerial Santiago volcanic rocks were erupted in a second episode from 3.3 to 2.2 Ma and late volcanism occurred at 1.1–0.7 Ma. Volcanism on Sal evolved in five stages: (1) poorly constrained early Miocene activity, (2) 16–14 Ma, (3) 12–8 Ma, (4) around 5.4 Ma, and (5) 1.1–0.6 Ma. São Vicente was constructed during three active periods: (1) >6.6–5.9 Ma, (2) 4.7–4.5 Ma, and (3) ∼0.3 Ma. Sr isotope analyses of carbonates from Maio confirm an Early Cretaceous age for limestones deposited on the seafloor and later uplifted. The Cape Verde Rise is indicated to have fully formed in the early Miocene around 22 Ma, accompanied by the initial alkaline volcanism. Considerable volcanism on Sal, Boa Vista, and Maio took place in the Miocene and Pliocene and extended over much larger areas than the present islands, whereas volcanism of the southwestern and northwestern island groups developed mainly during the Pliocene and Pleistocene and was mostly confined to the present island areas. The periods of volcanic activity may be broadly correlated between the northwestern and southwestern groups of islands. Young volcanism (0.3–0.1 Ma) throughout the northwestern group extends along a 150 km long NW‐SE trending lineament. A relatively moderate average melting rate for the hot spot over the 22 Ma period is estimated at ∼0.026 km3/a, corresponding to a total volume of 570 × 103 km3 of magma emplaced in the crust and a mantle volume flux of 28 m3/s, much lower than Iceland or Hawaii. The archipelago is situated to the south and SW of the center of the mantle plume anomaly and ahead of its relative movement. The timing and location of volcanism suggest that mantle melting takes place in three channels, an eastern one that has been active for 22 Ma and in southwestern and northwestern channels since late Miocene.
GPS measurements of postseismic deformation in the Andaman‐Nicobar region following the giant 2004 Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake
Authors: Gahalaut V. K. , Jade S. , Catherine J. K. , Gireesh R. , Ananda M. B. , Kumar P. , Narsaiah M. , Jafri S. S. H. , Ambikapathy A. , Bansal A. , Chadha R. K. , Gupta D. C. , Nagarajan B. , Kumar S.
Published: July 2008

We report GPS measurements of postseismic deformation from 22 campaign‐mode and one continuous GPS sites in the Andaman‐Nicobar region following the great Sumatra‐Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004. Large horizontal displacements toward west to southwest, varying in magnitude from 10 to 40 cm, and with uplift reaching 16 cm, occurred in the region in the first year after the earthquake. The observed motion decreased logarithmically in the subsequent year. We suggest that in the Andaman region, frictional afterslip occurred farther downdip of the coseismic rupture, while in the Little Andaman and Nicobar regions, the coseismic rupture and afterslip patch partly overlapped. The afterslip was mostly aseismic and did not contribute to the aftershocks. The aftershocks and postseismic displacements appear to follow a similar relationship, although with different decay times. The temporal dependence of the two differs only by a term linear in time. Thus the temporal evolution of the afterslip seems to be consistent with a mechanism governed by frictional afterslip. Available rates of interseismic and postseismic deformation and coseismic static offsets allow us to approximately estimate a return period of about 400 years for great earthquakes in the Andaman region.
Global‐scale transport of carbon dioxide in the troposphere
Authors: Miyazaki Kazuyuki , Patra Prabir K. , Takigawa Masayuki , Iwasaki Toshiki , Nakazawa Takakiyo
Published: July 2008

An atmospheric transport model was used to examine the roles of variously scaled atmospheric transport processes (Lagrangian mean motions, large‐scale eddies, and parameterized vertical diffusion and convective transport) in the spatiotemporal distributions of tropospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). The mean and eddy transports were analyzed using the mass‐weighted isentropic zonal mean. We found several differences in the dominant transport processes for tropospheric CO2 distributions between the extratropics of both hemispheres and the tropics. (1) In the northern extratropics in boreal autumn to spring, CO2 emitted by anthropogenic and biospheric sources is uplifted and dispersed through quasi‐isentropic eddy mixing associated with baroclinic waves and accumulates in the extratropical low‐isentropic troposphere (in “cold pocket” below 300K). (2) High‐CO2 air is transported from the northern extratropics into the tropics through low‐level mean meridional flow. It is uplifted together with CO2 emitted by tropical vegetation through deep convection and diabatic eddies in the tropics during boreal winter to spring. (3) During summer at the northern midlatitudes, the low mixing ratio of CO2 produced by biospheric uptake is uplifted into the upper troposphere by convection and is strongly isolated from the lower latitudes. (4) The CO2 emitted in the Northern Hemisphere and the tropics is transported into the Southern Hemisphere via the tropical upper troposphere due to eddy mixing during boreal winter to spring and mean divergent flow of Hadley circulation during boreal summer. (5) In the Southern Hemisphere, an upward gradient of CO2 forms by upper tropospheric southward advection during boreal spring‐autumn.
Steps in lithospheric thickness within eastern Australia, evidence from surface wave tomography
Authors: Fishwick S. , Heintz M. , Kennett B. L. N. , Reading A. M. , Yoshizawa K.
Published: July 2008

A series of steps in the lithospheric thickness of eastern Australia are revealed by the latest seismic surface wave tomographic model and calculations of the horizontal gradient of shear wave speed. The new images incorporate data from the recent Tasmal experiment, improving resolution in continental Australia. Through comparisons with surface geology and geochemical studies, it is possible to infer that the steps in lithospheric thickness are related to boundaries between blocks of different age. The westernmost boundary marks the edge of the Archaean to Early‐Proterozoic core of the continent. A second lithospheric boundary is observed in the central part of east Australia. To the west of this line, geochemical evidence suggests that there is Proterozoic lithospheric mantle, and this boundary may therefore represent the change from Proterozoic to Phanerozoic basement. The structure on the eastern margin of the continent is dominated by slow velocities, suggesting that in this area the continental lithosphere is very thin. There is a strong correlation between the slow wave speeds and the location of both the highest topography and recent volcanic activity. Inland of the continental margin, a zone of strong gradients in the seismic wave speed is observed, indicating a distinct step in lithospheric structure. If the step in lithospheric thickness was in place prior to volcanism, it may have acted as a boundary, with volcanism mainly occurring beneath the thinner lithosphere to the east.