bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Математична модель трифазної лінії з розподіленими параметрами при електромагнітних перехідних процесах
Authors: Лободзинський В. Ю. , Чибеліс В. І.
Published: November 2018

Development of a mathematical model of a three-phase line with distributed parameters at electromagnetic transients, which arise at different commutations for the calculation of transition modes at the design stage. The work is based on differential equations of chain state, limiting and initial conditions for ensuring the solution of practical problems. A mathematical model has been developed for the calculation of electromagnetic transients in three-phase lines, which includes a system of partial differential equations, limit and initial conditions, for the study of a wide class of practical problems related to the calculation of transients in three-phase lines. A mathematical model of a three-phase circuit with distributed parameters has been built, which is suitable for the calculation of transient electromagnetic processes, which take into account possible switching options, both working and emergency ones. Operator images of currents and voltages were obtained taking into account the initial conditions for solving practical problems associated with the calculation of transients in three-phase lines.
КОМПЛЕКСНЕ ОЦІНЮВАННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВСТАНОВЛЕННЯ ДОДАТКОВИХ ДЖЕРЕЛ РЕАКТИВНОЇ ПОТУЖНОСТІ У РОЗПОДІЛЬНИХ ЕЛЕКТРИЧНИХ МЕРЕЖАХ
Authors: Кулик В. В. , Бурикін О. Б. , Пірняк В. М.
Published: November 2018

To develop a method for assessing the effectiveness of reactive power sources (RPS) in electrical grids. The efficiency indicator was obtained as a result of combining the method of assessing the quality of the functioning of electrical grids on the basis of Markov networks and the method of interval analysis of energy losses. The efficiency index improves the formulation of the problem of optimizing the connection of the RPS to electrical networks. It improves the quality of this task. A new method of forming an indicator of the guaranteed effectiveness of the installing the RPS is obtained. It provides an unambiguous comprehensive evaluation of efficiency, takes into account the reliability of the electrical network, the quality of the voltage in its nodes, the accuracy of calculating the released and lost electricity. The method makes it possible to construct more efficient algorithms for optimizing the connection of RPS. They allow excluding from the search area optimal solutions "indefinite" fragments of the network without the help of an analyst. Estimation of the real effect is difficult or impossible for such fragments due to frequent failures or lack of monitoring devices. This correction of the search area improves the quality of the solution.
ДО РОЗРАХУНКІВ ДЕТАЛЕЙ НА МІЦНІСТЬ В ЙМОВІРНІСНОМУ АСПЕКТІ
Authors: Березін Л. М. , Рубанка М. М.
Published: November 2018

Generalization of regulations, empirical and analytical information concerning the determination of the statistical characteristics of the strength of metals and details for used in strength calculations in the probabilistic aspect. Are used modern methods of searching, describing and analyzing information to audit a variety of possible solutions in the subject area of research, developments with the strength of materials, mathematical statistics and probability theory. Is presented the possibility of using at the design stages for calculations of determine the statistical characteristics of the fatigue resistance of details at limited data on the mechanical characteristics of the strength of the material. The research results make it possible to take reasonable proposals to improve the fatigue strength of details. The further development of the theory and methodology of mathematical solutions for designing machine parts with specified reliability characteristics by the fatigue strength criterion while minimizing their weight and size. Is presented information that improves the quality and efficiency of design solutions for ensure the specified reliability of details. The calculation is performed on the example of cylindrical coil springs with a wide range of changes in their geometric, elastic and force parameters.
ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ СИЛОВИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ПОЛІГРАДІЄНТНОГО ЕЛЕКТРОМАГНІТНОГО СЕПАРАТОРА ПРИ ЗМІНІ ФОРМИ ПЛАСТИН МАТРИЦІ
Authors: Шведчикова І. О. , Романченко Ю. А.
Published: November 2018

Research of influence of elements shape of a multicomponent lamellar matrix of polygradient electromagnetic separator on its strength characteristics. For analysis of magnetic field distribution in working area of electromagnetic separator the finite element method has been used, implemented in ELCUT 5.6 software package. A numerical-field analysis of magnetic field distribution in working interpolar zones of matrix with a polygradient medium on the basis of inserts in form of an isosceles trapezium and triangular plates with a rounded apex has been carried out. According to analysis results, the maximum values of power characteristics of electromagnetic polygradient separator have been established. For a multicomponent lamellar matrix of polygradient electromagnetic separator certain geometrical dimensions of matrix elements of various shapes, at which power characteristics of device acquire the maximum value have been defined. The results of research can be used for improvement of power characteristics of basic design of electromagnetic polygradient separator
БЕЗКОНТАКТНИЙ МЕТОД ТРИПАРАМЕТРОВОГО ВИМІРЮВАЛЬНОГО КОНТРОЛЮ ФІЗИКО-ХІМІЧНИХ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИК ЗРАЗКА ФЕРОМАГНІТНОЇ РІДИНИ
Authors: Себко В. В. , Здоренко В. Г.
Published: November 2018

The aim of the article is to investigate the method of three-parameter control of a sample of a ferromagnetic liquid, the realization of which is carried out on the basis of a noncontact transformer electromagnetic converter (TEC) with samples of ferromagnetic liquids in a longitudinal magnetic field.We used a technique for studying samples of a ferromagnetic liquid for the realization of a three-parameter electromagnetic method for measuring the physical and chemical characteristics of ferromagnetic liquids based on thermal TEC. The three-parameter method of measuring control of the relative magnetic permeability mr, the specific electrical conductivity σ, and the temperature t of a sample of a ferromagnetic liquid, which is monitored on the basis of measurements and analysis of signals of a thermal contactless three-parameter TEC, is studied. The theoretical principles of the operation of a contactless thermal TEC with a sample of a ferromagnetic liquid are based on the realization of a three-parameter method for measuring the monitoring of magnetic, electrical, and temperature parameters.
MODIFIKASI HUKUM KEWENANGAN INSPEKTORAT DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA DALAM MENCEGAH TERJADINYA TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI DI PEMERINTAH DAERAH KABUPATEN/KOTA
Authors: Lauda Andry
Published: November 2018

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bentuk modifikasi hukum kewenangan inspektorat daerah kabupaten/kota dalam mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi di pemerintah daerah kabupaten/kota.Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian penelitian hukum normatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kewenangan yang dimiliki Inspektorat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota sebagaimana diatur dalam beberapa peraturan perundang-undangan mendesak untuk dimodifikasi untuk memperkuat kewenangan Inspektorat Kabupaten/Kota dalam mencegah terjadinya tindak pidana korupsi di Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten/Kota. Modifikasi dimaksud dilakukan dalam bentuk revisi/perubahan peraturan perundang-undangan, di mana saat ini kedudukan Inspektorat Kabupaten/Kota masih sejajar dengan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah, ke depan menjadi sejajar dengan Sekretaris Daerah. Modifikasi kedua dilakukan dalam bentuk reposisi Peran/Tugas Inspektorat Daerah Kabupaten/Kota dengan cara mendorong terwujudnya Good Governance dan Clean Government, Menumbuh kembangkan Sinergi Pengawasan, Mendukung Upaya Pemberantasan KKN, Mengoptimalkan Peningkatan Penerimaan Negara, Berperan dalam Pelaksanaan Otonomi Daerah. Sedangkan modifikasi ketiga yang dapat dilakukan dengan cara Pengembangan Kelembagaan melalui pengembangan struktur, Prosedur Kerja, dan Sumber Daya Manusia.
ANALISA HUKUM DISKRESI POLISI PADA UPAYA PEMBERANTASAN TINDAK PIDANA NARKOTIKA DI POLRES BLITAR KOTA
Authors: . Supriyanto
Published: November 2018

AbstrakKepolisian Negara Republik Indonesia memiliki kewenangan yang sangat luas dalam menegakan hukum dan menjamin keamanan serta ketertiban masyarakat. Oleh karena itu Polisi diberi kewenangan melakukan diskresi Kepolisian, yakni sebuah konsep pemberian otoritas untuk melakukan tindakan berdasarkan pertimbangan hati nurani polisi yang sedang bertugas ataupun pertimbangan institusi Kepolisian.Melalui penelitian normatif dilengkapi dengan data sekunder penelitian di Polres Blitar Kota maka diperoleh hasil penelitian bahwa diskresi polisi sebagai tindakan pihak yang berwenang berdasarkan hukum untuk bertindak pasti atas dasar situasi dan kondisi menurut pertimbangan dan keputusan nuraninya sendiri sesuai Undang-Undang Nomor 2 Tahun 2002 tentang Kepolisian Republik Indonesia.Atas kewenangan polisi melakukan penyidikan terhadap semua tindak pidana, maka pelaksanaan diskresi harus dilakukan dengan pertimbangan-pertimbangan yang jelas, yang bertujuan untuk menghindari munculnya penilaian negatif dari masyarakat bahwa penerapan diskresi kepolisian dianggap sebagai permainan pihak kepolisian untuk memperoleh keuntungan materi dari pihak-pihak yang berperkara  agar penerapan diskresi kepolisian tidak dipandang sebagai alat rekayasa dari aparat kepolisian untuk memperoleh keuntungan pribadi, sehingga penerapannya harus dilandasi dasar hukum yang kuat. Terkait hal tersebut, perwujudan Diskresi Polisi di Polres Blitar Kota pada upaya pemberantasan tindak pidana narkotika, bersifat individual dan institusional.
Del centro a la periferia. Las escuelas de cine nacionales, las rupturas del cortometraje y las nuevas formas de representación de los sectores populares en la transición del cine clásico al moderno
Authors: Cossalter Javier
Published: November 2018

El artículo aborda la problemática de las escuelas de cine de universidades nacionales y el cortometraje como agentes fundamentales en la transición del cine clásico al cine moderno, y en el posterior asentamiento de este último. A partir del desarrollo histórico de las cinco escuelas destacadas del período se podrán observar algunos rasgos compartidos que se erigieron como novedades: modalidades alternativas de concebir el cine, la descentralización de la producción y la apertura geográfica, la formación profesional y el compromiso socio-político colectivo. Luego, a través del análisis fílmico de dos corpus de cortos realizados al interior de dichas entidades se podrá constatar el carácter moderno de estas obras en dos vertientes primordiales: la experimentación estética y la autorreflexión del medio expresivo por un lado, y la adopción de un enfoque crítico con respecto a la representación de los sectores subalternos, por el otro; cualidades que, gracias a las potencialidades estructurales del film breve, rompen con la transparencia del relato y el punto de vista relativista o populista, características centrales del canon clásico dentro del cine argentino.
Mujer y trabajo en la cestería qom en Fortín Lavalle, Chaco- Argentina
Authors: Perret Myriam Fernanda
Published: November 2018

En este artículo analizaremos el trabajo realizado por artesanas qom de Fortín Lavalle, provincia del Chaco. Nos enfocaremos en las dimensiones de cuerpo y tiempo puestas en juego durante la fabricación de las artesanías, las cuales se destinan principalmente al intercambio mercantil. En cuanto a la dimensión del cuerpo, la capacidad performativa del trabajo se hace más clara en ciertos momentos del ciclo vital de la mujer, de modo tal que al tejer se teje el cuerpo en términos de movimientos (habilidades como tejedora), valores (por ejemplo, el “ser  trabajadora”) y mirada (atención al trabajo de otros). Con respecto al tiempo, entendiéndolo en su arraigo en la vida, distintos elementos dan forma al tiempo de trabajo al crear y reunir momentos que desembarcan en la forma que finalmente asume el objeto producido. Estos elementos tienen grados diferentes de participación y se mueven en torno a las siguientes cuestiones: forma; técnica; diseño; calidad; tamaño; otras actividades requeridas para el sostenimiento del hogar y cansancio muscular. Para esta investigación empleamos, fundamentalmente, observación participante, entrevista etnográfica y documentos oficiales. El trabajo de campo comprende el período de septiembre de 2012 a noviembre de 2016.
PENINGKATAN PEMBELAJARAN PKN DENGAN PENERAPAN METODE ROLE-PLAYING SISWA KELAS II SDN 003 BANGKINANG KOTA
Authors: Ananda Rizki
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini berawal dari kenyataaan bahwa dalam proses pembelajaran masih bersifat monoton dan pengembangan aspek kognitif, afektif dan psikomotor siswa kurang berkembang dengan baik, sehingga hasil belajar PKn siswa belum sesuai dengan yang diharapkan. Untuk mengatasinya dilakukan tindakan dengan menggunakan metoda role-playing. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperbaiki proses pembelajaran PKn di kelas II SDN 003Bangkinang Kota. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan dengan melakukan observasi, wawancara tes dan pengamatan melalui lembar pengamatan aspek guru dan siswa.Metoda role-playing ini dilaksanakan dalam tiga tahap yaitu tahap persiapan, pelaksanaan, dan tindak lanjut.Dari hasil analisis data penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan menggunakan metoda role-playing dapat meningkatkan pemahaman dan hasil belajar PKn siswa kelas II SDN 003Bangkinang Kota. Dari hasil evaluasi yang telah dilakukan oleh siswa pada siklus I nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh siswa 65,53% dan pada siklus II mengalami peningkatan dengan rata-rata yang diperoleh yaitu 84,3%.
HUBUNGAN PENGHASILAN ORANG TUA DAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR OO6 LANGGINI
Authors: Fithriyana Rinda
Published: November 2018

Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk melihat hubungan penghasilan orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa SD 006 Langguni. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan descriptitive correlational dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas IV dan V SDN 006 Langgini. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah total sampling dengan menjadikan siswa kelas IV dan V SDN 006 Langgini yang berjumlah 55 orang sebagai sampel. Pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara penghasilan orang tua dan motivasi belajar dengan prestasi belajar siswa SDN 006 Langguni (Pv = 0,000; < 0,05). Diharapkan kepada orang tua siswa untuk meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap kegiatan belajar anak, dengan cara mengajak berdiskusi dengan anak tentang kesulitan-kesulitan belajar yang dialami anaknya, mendengarkan keluhan anak tentang kesulitan pelajaran di sekolah, dan mendampingi siswa pada saat melihat acara TV sehingga tidak mengganggu waktu belajarnya,   meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap kegiatan belajar anaknya, dengan cara menjalin komunikasi dengan pihak sekolah khususnya pada guru yang mengajar putranya.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE THINK TALK WRITE (TTW) TERHADAP KEAKTIFAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN IPS KELAS V SDN 020 KUOK
Authors: Rizal Muhammad Syahrul
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Think Talk Write (TTW) terhadap keaktifan siswa kelas V SD pada mata pelajaran IPS.  Penelitian ini dilakukan di SDM 020 Kuok Kampar dengan subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas Va sebagai kelas eksperimen dan siswa kelas 1Vb sebagai kelas control pada tahun pembelajaran 2017/2018. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian eksperimen dengan desain penelitian non equivalent control group design. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah lembar observasi keaktifan belajar siswa. Data hasil penelitian keaktifan menunjukkan thitung (21,179) > ttabel (1.682), hal ini berarti ada perbedaan keaktifan siswa. Setelah diadakannya treatment dan dilakukan posttest, keaktifan siswa kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelas control. Jadi, ada pengaruh model pembelajaran TTW terhadap keaktifan belajar siswa. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe TTW berpengaruh terhadap keaktifan siswa secara signifikan
Dijital Oyunların Çocukların Kişilik ve Davranışları Üzerinde Etkisi: Gta 5 Oyunu Örneği
Authors: YİĞİT AÇIKGÖZ Fatma , YALMAN Ayşen
Published: November 2018

İçinde bulunduğumuz bilişim çağında, internetin yaşamın neredeyse her
alanına etki etmesi ile birlikte duygu, düşünce ve davranışlarda da gerçek yaşamdan
sanal yaşama doğru bir yönelim söz konusudur. Çocukların hem fiziksel hem de
psikolojik gelişimi üzerinde son derece etkili olan oyunlar da sanal yaşama doğru
yapılan bu hızlı geçişten en çok etkilenen alan olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır.
Sanal dünyaya doğan ve dijital yerliler olarak adlandırılan yeni neslin oyun
anlayışı da dijital ekranlardan ibaret hale gelmiştir.

 

Çocukların
sosyal iletişimi, öğrenme becerileri, fiziksel ve psikolojik gelişimi üzerinde olumlu
ya da olumsuz etkileri olan dijital oyunlar ile ilgili pek çok araştırma
yapılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ise, dijital oyunların içerisine gizli ya da açık
olarak yerleştirilen; dil, ırk, toplumsal cinsiyet, cinsellik ve şiddet öğeleri
bütün olarak irdelenmiş ve bu öğelerin çocukların bilişsel düzeylerine etki
edebilmek amacıyla ne ölçüde ve nasıl kullanıldığını ölçmek amaçlanmıştır.
Instagram’da Sosyal Kıyaslama, Benlik Saygısı ve Yaşam Doyumu İlişkisi: Fırat Üniversitesi Üzerinde Bir İnceleme
Authors: SÖZKESEN Muhammet Emin , BİÇER Serkan
Published: November 2018

Günümüzde
sosyal ağ siteleri insanların yaşamlarının ayrılmaz bir parçası haline
gelmiştir. Milyonlarca insan bu siteler üzerinde yer almakta her türlü duygu
düşüncesini yaşamlarını diğerleri ile paylaşabilmektedir. Bu kadar yoğun bir
enformasyon akışının söz konusu olduğu bu siteler üzerinde kullanıcıların
özellikle kimlik sunumlarını incelemek önemlidir. Bu çalışmada, son zamanlarda
Dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de kullanıcı sayısı hızla artan Instagram
üzerinde, kullanıcıların gerçekleştirdikleri sosyal kıyaslamalara neden olan
etmenlerin ortaya çıkarılmasının yanı sıra, bu sosyal kıyaslamaların
kullanıcıların benlik saygılarında ve yaşam doyumlarında ne gibi etkilerinin
olduğunun ortaya konması amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini, Fırat
Üniversitesi öğrencileri arasından tabakalı örneklem yöntemi ile seçilen 400
öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada ilişkisel tarama modeli kullanılmıştır.
Verilerin toplanmasında sosyal kıyaslama, benlik saygısı, yaşam doyumu ve
demografik sorulardan oluşan bir ölçek kullanılmıştır.

Araştırma
sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre Instagram üzerinde pozitif benlik sunum
temsilleri ile karşılaşmanın mümkün olduğu, bu benlik sunum temsillerinin
yukarı yönlü sosyal kıyaslamaları tetiklediği ve kişilerin benlik saygılarında
ve yaşam doyumlarında azalmalara neden olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bu neden
sonuç ilişkisi cinsiyet değişkenine göre incelendiğinde kadınlarda daha göze
çarpan şekildedir. Ayrıca katılımcıların Instagram üzerinde aşağı yönlü sosyal
kıyaslamalardan daha fazla yukarı yönlü sosyal kıyaslamalar gerçekleştirdikleri
sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bir diğer bulgu, gündelik yaşamlarında düşük benlik
saygısına ve yaşam doyumuna sahip kişilerin, Instagram üzerinde yukarı yönlü
kıyaslamalarda bulunmaya eğilimli olduklarıdır.
Oyun Sanal İntihar Gerçek: “The Blue Whale Challange/Mavi Balina” Oyunu Üzerinden Kurulan İletişimin Neden Olduğu İntiharlar Üzerine Kuramsal Bir Değerlendirme
Authors: YILMAZ Mehmet , CANDAN Ferdi
Published: November 2018

Gerçek dünyanın kuralları karşısında
sanal dünyanın kuralsızlığının çekiciliği çevrimiçi oyunları çeşitli işlevleri
(eğlence, kaçış, duygusal katarsis vb.) yanıtlamaya aracılık etmeleri dolayısı
ile tercih edilir kılmaktadır. Çevrimiçi oyunların aşırı kullanımları ile ise
bu oyunlar araç olma özelliğinden uzaklaşmakta ve amaç haline dönüşerek yabancılaşma,
yalnızlaşma, bireyselleşme gibi olumsuz durumlara neden olabilmektedir. Çevrimiçi
ortamın aşırı kullanılması, aile bağları yeterince güçlü olmayan ve sosyal
ilişkiler kurmaktan çekinen katılımcıların yaşamalarını çevrimiçi merkezli bir konuma
endeksleyerek, onları gerçek yaşamdan uzaklaştırabilmektedir. Öte yandan geniş
bir kullanıcı kapasitesine sahip çevrimiçi oyunların olumsuz etkilerini
önlemeye dönük yeterli bir denetim mekanizması işlevinden söz etmek olanaklı
görülmemektedir. Sanal ortamın denetimsiz ve anonim koşullarında kendini rahatlıkla
gizleyebilen kötü niyetli kişiler, katılımcıları rahatsız edebilmekte veya oyuncuları
kandırarak onların mahrem alanlarına girebilmektedir.

Rusya’da 2017 yılında ortaya çıkan
‘‘The Blue Whale Challange/ Mavi Balina’’ adlı bir oyunun, dünyanın birçok
ülkesinde onlarca insanın intihar etmesine sebep olduğu iddia edilmektedir.
Yine bu oyunun; özgüven ve kişilik gelişiminde yeterli olgunluğa erişmemiş,
sosyal uyum gücü zayıf,  normlara direnme
temayülü yüksek, bağımlı kişiliğe sahip, psikolojik olarak intihara meyilli
insanlar başta olmak üzere küçük yaştaki kullanıcıları hedef aldığı öne
sürülmektedir.

Bu çalışmada ‘‘The
Blue Whale Challange/ Mavi Balina’’oyunu merkeze alınarak
çevrimiçi ortamdan kaynaklanan intihar olaylarının psikososyal nedenlerine
ilişkin literatür gözden geçirilmekte ve konuyla ilgili medya çalışmaları
perspektifinden güncel bir değerlendirme sunulması hedeflenmektedir.
Medos associados à imagem corporal na adolescência: desenvolvimento e validação da Escala de Ansiedade e Evitamento de Situações devido ao Peso e Aparência Física
Authors: Costa Ana Rita Silva , Cunha Marina , Palmeira Lara , Couto Margarida , Galhardo Ana
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo fundamental o desenvolvimento e validação de um novo instrumento para adolescentes: a Escala de Ansiedade e Evitamento de Situações devido ao Peso e Aparência Física (EAESPAF).Métodos: A amostra incluiu 357 adolescentes, 195 do sexo masculino e 162 do sexo feminino, com idades entre os 12 e os 18 anos, a frequentarem o 3.º ciclo do ensino básico e ensino secundário. Para além do instrumento citado, os jovens preencheram um conjunto de questionários de autorresposta que avaliam sintomas de depressão, ansiedade, stress, experiências de bullyinge sentimentos de vergonha relacionados com a aparência física e peso.Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que as duas subescalas (ansiedade/desconforto e evitamento) da EAESPAF apresentam uma estrutura fatorial constituída por dois fatores. Ambas as subescalas revelaram uma excelente consistência interna (αde Cronbach = 0,91), com uma boa qualidade dos itens e uma adequada estabilidade temporal. Foram encontradas correlações positivas significativas entre as subescalas da EAESPAF e os sentimentos de vergonha, as experiências de vitimização, e sintomas psicopatológicos (depressão, ansiedade e stress). O sexo feminino revelou valores significativamente mais elevados que o sexo masculino no total da subescala de ansiedade e no Fator 2 (de ambas as subescalas de ansiedade e de evitamento), o qual se relaciona sobretudo com uma maior exposição na interação com os outros.Conclusões: Na generalidade a EAESPAF é um instrumento fidedigno e válido para a avaliação de medos relacionados com a aparência física e peso durante a adolescência.
Stalking e ciberstalking em estudantes universitários: Uma revisão sistemática
Authors: Pires Sara A. , Sani Ana Isabel , Soeiro Cristina
Published: November 2018

Objetivo: Este artigo tem como objetivo contribuir para o conhecimento dos fenómenos de stalking e ciberstalking  através da identificação e análise dos estudos empíricos referentes à ocorrência daqueles fenómenos em estudantes universitários.Métodos: Para tal adotámos os procedimentos para a realização de uma revisão sistemática sobre a investigação realizada sobre a ocorrência do stalking e do ciberstalking em estudantes do ensino universitário.Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que predominam os estudos quantitativos de natureza transversal, recorrendo a designs exploratórios, descritivos e correlacionais, centrados na vítima. Os instrumentos mais utilizados para avaliar ambos os fenómenos foram diversos, porém todos os estudos recorreram a inventários de autorrelato. Em relação à prevalência dos fenómenos, os valores obtidos nos estudos foram muito diferentes (e.g., de 12% a 96% ao longo da vida). Em ambos os fenómenos, as dinâmicas e os comportamentos revelaram que as vítimas eram maioritariamente do sexo feminino, os ofensores pertenciam maioritariamente ao sexo masculino, decorrendo comumente o fenómeno de uma relação de intimidade ou por pessoas conhecidas (e.g., colega, familiar, vizinho). As áreas mais afetadas, no stalking e no ciberstalking, foram a saúde psicológica e física, com consequências nos estilos de vida e economia dos estudantes universitários. Quanto às respostas à vitimação, as fontes de apoio informal foram as mais ativadas pelas vítimas.Conclusões: Em relação aos fenómenos do stalking ou ciberstalking em estudantes universitários, concluímos que predominam os estudos de prevalência, de natureza transversal e fazendo uso de diferentes tipos de instrumentos. Consideramos que a investigação pode abranger outras amostras, estudos de continuidade, beneficiando com uniformização na escolha de instrumentos para a recolha de dados e no estudo da coocorrência dos fenómenos.
Autoconsciência da aparência e a adaptação no ensino superior: Estudo exploratório
Authors: Mendes José Carlos da Silva , Fraga Adriana , Medeiros Carla , Moniz Daniela , Miranda Luana , Medeiros Teresa
Published: November 2018

Contexto: A Psicologia da Aparência tem merecido pouca atenção dos investigadores portugueses. As representações contemporâneas do corpo ideal (magro, atlético e com formas), muito avolumadas pelos meios de comunicação social e redes sociais, criam frequentemente a insatisfação com a aparência. Estudos recentes referem que os estudantes universitários se encontram insatisfeitos com a imagem corporal. Objetivo: Avaliar possíveis relações entre as preocupações com aparência, nomeadamente a autoconsciência da aparência, e a adaptação ao Ensino Superior por parte de estudantes portugueses.Método: Exploratório e quantitativo. Participaram 206 estudantes do Ensino Superior, tendo respondido a um Questionário Sociodemográfico, à versão portuguesa reduzida da Escala de Avaliação da Aparência de Derriford (DAS-14) e ao Questionário de Adaptação ao Ensino Superior (QAES). Resultados: Verificaram-se diferenças significativas na DAS-14 (autoconsciência da aparência) entre os sexos; correlação moderada entre a DAS-14 e a dimensão adaptação pessoal-emocional e relações fracas entre a DAS-14 e as restantes dimensões do QAES (adaptação interpessoal, adaptação à instituição, adaptação académica, compromisso com o curso e desenvolvimento de carreira). A autoconsciência da aparência apresenta-se quer como variável preditora, quer como variável de resposta na dimensão adaptação pessoal-emocional.Conclusão: Existe relação entre o sexo a autoconsciência da aparência. Os estudantes que têm menor concentração nos sentimentos negativos no corpo têm uma maior relação com as dimensões sociais, cognitivas e contextuais da adaptação ao ensino superior.As preocupações com a aparência e a adaptação pessoal-emocional influenciam-se mutuamente, isto é, a aceitação da aparência parece ser relevante para a adaptação e para o desenvolvimento da identidade dos adultos emergentes. O estudo abre futuras investigações na área da Psicologia da Aparência.
Errata a: Calcular e apresentar tamanhos do efeito em trabalhos científicos (1): As limitações do p < 0,05 na análise de diferenças de médias de dois grupos
Authors: Espirito-Santo Helena , Daniel Fernanda
Published: November 2018

Este artigo não tem resumo.
PENGARUH KUALITAS PELAYANAN, HARGA DAN PROMOSI TERHADAP KEPUASAN PELANGGAN SOWE BISTRO MEDAN
Authors: Sudarso Andriasan
Published: November 2018

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kualitas pelayanan, harga dan promosi terhadap kepuasan pelanggan Sowe Bistro Medan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah pelanggan yang datang ke Sowe Bistro Medan selama dari bulan Januari 2016 sampai dengan Maret 2016 yang berjumlah 5.274 orang dan sampel penelitian 99 orang dengan rumus Slovin. Teknik analisa data menggunakan uji asumsi klasik, analisis regresi linear berganda, uji f, uji t dan koefisien determinasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, kualitas pelayanan, harga dan promosi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Secara simultan, bahwa kualitas pelayanan, harga dan promosi berpengaruh terhadap kepuasan pelanggan. Besarnya koefisien determinasi sebesar 0,792 artinya kemampuan variabel kualitas pelayanan, harga dan promosi menjelaskan pengaruhnya terhadap variabel kepuasan pelanggan sebesar 79,2%. Sedangkan sisanya sebesar 20,8% merupakan variabel bebas lain yang tidak diteliti dalam penelitian ini seperti periklanan, lokasi dan merek.
Individual differences in 7.5-month-olds’ novel word segmentation from maternal and unfamiliar voices
Authors: Schreiner Melanie Steffi , Mani Nivedita
Published: November 2018

Starting in the mother’s womb, language learning benefits from maternal speech exposure (DeCasper & Spence, 1986). In addition, maternal speech has been shown to facilitate discrimination of speech from background noise (Barker & Newman, 2004). In line with this boost in learning through the mother’s voice, the current study explores whether maternal speech also facilitates infants’ word segmentation, familiarizing infants to passages produced either by their own mother or an unfamiliar speaker. The test phase with isolated tokens of familiarized and novel control words revealed that infants were unable to demonstrate successful segmentation regardless of whether the speaker was their own mother or a stranger. However, further exploratory analyses suggested that familiarization impacted infants’ listening behavior with successful segmentation from maternal speech. Together, these results demonstrate that a) individual differences in infants’ listening behavior are related to their listening times during familiarization, and b) infants benefit from maternal fluent speech.
ISSUES AND CHALLENGES USE OF FROG VLE IN SCIENCE LEARNING
Authors: Rahayu Titik , Syafril Syafrimen , bin Mohd Nor Mohamed Yusoff , Pahrudin Agus , Aini Nur Rohmatul , Puspasari Vicka
Published: November 2018

Frog Virtual Learning Environment (Frog VLE) is one of the supporting learning applications utilizing Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in 21st-century science learning. This paper concept tries to look at various issues in using VLE Frog to carry out science learning activities. Some previous studies were analyzed in depth for this purpose. The results of the analysis show that Frog VLE has not been widely used to support teacher science learning. In fact, the VLE Frog needs to be given a serious support to add to the process of learning science in the future, the teacher must be given continuous and consistent training in the use of the Frog VLE in the process of learning science.
Pneumatic Braking Mechanism
Authors: Anand Rishi , Dubey Shwetang , Singh Siddharth , Verma Shailendra Pratap
Published: November 2018

Pneumatic Braking Mechanism is an implementation of regenerative braking system for automobiles. It uses pneumatic compression to store the kinetic energy of the vehicle. The compressed air is used to produce electricity through a turbine, and then used for supercharging the engine of the automobile.The complete mechanism can be divided into two parts:- Braking- RegenerationRegeneration mechanism can be further subdivided into:- Expansion- SuperchargingThe rotational motion of wheels of the vehicle is used to drive reciprocating compressors. Compressors are engaged with the help of a clutch and crankshaft unit when brakes are applied. Compression process converts the kinetic energy of the vehicle in the form of compressed air. In the process, vehicle loses its energy and comes to a standstill.The compressed air goes to a turbine and generator unit where expansion takes place and electricity is produced. The outlet air from turbine at lower pressure is used for supercharging.
Combination of RC4 and Adler32 in Improving Security and Validity
Authors: Siahaan Andysah Putera Utama
Published: November 2018

Encryption is needed in the digital world. It can help users to secure confidential information that will be sent. Many algorithms can be used to do that. RC4 or Rivest Cipher 4 made by Ron Rivest is a synchronous type of stream cipher that is a cipher that has a symmetric key and encrypts or decrypts plaintext bits per bit by performing XOR operations with a number generated on S-BOX. RC4 can be run with variable key lengths and operate with byte orientation. RC4 encryption method has weaknesses. One of the disadvantages of RC4 is that the attacker can know the sample or the entire plaintext of the ciphertext without having to know the encryption key. RC4 merger with Adler32 will help improve data security. Adler32 still has weaknesses. Although these weaknesses are rare, if a third party can combine the values of A and B according to the modified results in the text, changes in information can occur even though the feature value of the hash function has the same value before and after modification. The hash function value can be solved to get the A and B values; then the information will be modified and adjusted to the A and B values. The result is that the information is no longer original while the hash function indicates that the information is still original. However, Adler32 is very helpful when combined with RC4 where both algorithms work together to improve the security and validity of a document.
Perspektif Ekologi Politik Kebijakan Pengelolaan Danau Limboto
Authors: Hasim
Published: November 2018

The Limboto Lake is the largest lake in Gorontalo Province. These natural resources havebiodiversity of fishery which become economic source of coastal lake community. Besides, theeconomic activity of aquaculture fishery also grows rapidly in Limboto lake. The Limboto Lake is thelargest lake in Gorontalo Province. These natural resources have biodiversity of fishery which becomeeconomic source of coastal lake community. Besides, the economic activity of aquaculture fishery alsogrows rapidly in Limboto lake ,The Limboto Lake has a strategic role for the province of Gorontalo.The Limboto lake degradation shows a more destructive of the area and the depth is reduced. Thisresearch study the product of law as a environmental politic instrument of the government andanalyzes it in a political ecological perspective. The research design used descriptive quantitative andqualitative by using methodological approach of political ecology. The results show that regulationrelated to general management of the lake and Lake Limboto is particularly weak in the context ofcohesiveness, harmonization, and problem focus.
Pengaluran Atau Pemplotan Dalam Karya Sastra
Authors: Rahaningmas Saleha Astri , Insani Nurysamsi Maulana
Published: November 2018

Alur adalah rangkaian peristiwa yang di jalin dengan seksama, yang mengerakkan jalan cerita melalui rumitan kearah klimks dan anti klimaks. Dengan kata lain, alur adalah jalinan peristiwa di dalam karya astara untuk mencapai efek tertentu dan pautan dapat diwujudkan oleh hubungan temporar (waktu) dan hubungan kausal (sebab akibat). Alur atau plot dapat dikatakan rangkaian peristiwa atau cerota yang dimulai dengan cerita pembukaan diakhiri dengan penutup cerita. Dalam rangkaian cerita tersebut, peristiwa atau cerita disusun seolah-olah sebagai kisah yang benar-benar hidup atau nyata dan suatu cerita fiksi dapat menarik pembaca bila pengarang mampu membawa atau menggiring pembaca untuk mengikuti alur cerita.
Pigura Filsofis Pendidikan Pembebasan (Membaca Ulang Sepenggal Pemikiran Paulo Freire)
Authors: Pamungkas Alim Harun
Published: November 2018

Paulo Freire adalah seorang pemikir pendidikan yang ternama pada abad ke-20 utamanya tentang pemikirannya mengenai pendidikan kritis (critical education) [1]. Ia tak hanya dianggap sebagai pemuka pendidikan kritis, namun juga berperan penting dalam kampanye-kampanye literasi melek di Brasil pada era tengah tahun 1960-1965.Penjara menjadi ujung dari kampanye literasi yang gencar dilakukannya. Ia selanjutnya dibebaskan dan diasingkan di Chili dan Jenewa, Swiss untuk beberapa tahun. Ia baru kembali ke Brazil pada tahun 1980. Seterusnya ia menjadi tokoh paling berperan dalam pembentukan kebijakan pendidikan hingga tahun 1997.Pedagogy of the Oppressed, Pendidikan kaum tertindas, adalah sebuah karya kritik monumentalnya yang memengaruhi banyak kelompok intelektual pendidikan di Amerika Serikat dan banyak negara di dunia. Menurutnya, tak banyak kaum intelektual yang memiliki kelenturan teoritik dalam memandang persoalan pendidikan. Atau, keberanian moral dalam berkontribusi terhadap persoalan pendidikan.
NOMINAL WORD FORMATIONS IN TOBA BATAK LANGUAGE: A STUDY OF GENERATIVE MORPHOLOGY
Authors: Ambarita Esron
Published: November 2018

The objective of this paper is to explore nominal word formations in Toba Batak language. The theory applied in this study is generative morphology proposed by Halle (1973). The basic principle in generative morphology is that the process of word formations can generate actual words and potential words. According to generative morphology the mechanism of word formations will be postulated in list of morphemes, word formation rules, filter, and dictionary. The method of this study is qualitative descriptive; it is a method of study which describes language phenomena naturally without any exception. The results show that nominal word formations in Toba Batak language are distinguished in 3 main ways, they are: [1] by attaching affixations, [2] by inserting premodifier ni between adjectival bases and nominal bases, and [3] by moving the stress of free adjectival bases from the first syllable to the second syllable. There are 14 affixations that can form nouns in Toba Batak language, they are: (i) six prefixes (par-, na-, sa-, sanha-, hina-, ha-), (ii) two infixes (-ar-, -al-), (iii) one suffix (-na), (iv) four multiple affixations (ha-…-on, pa-…-an, pa-…-on, par-…-an), and (v) double affixations (par-in-). Nominal word formations derive from various free word bases, such as, free adjectival bases, free verbal bases, free nominal bases, free numeric bases, and free adverbial bases. The results of these affixations can be inflectional or derivational. Some complex words have to be put into filter to be processed morphophonologically before they are put into dictionary.
DAFTAR MORFEM DALAM SISTEM MORFOLOGI GENERATIF BAHASA BATAK TOBA
Authors: Ambarita Esron , Sibarani Robert
Published: November 2018

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali Daftar Morfem Dalam dalam Sistem Morfologi Generatif Bahasa Batak Toba dari sudut pandang kajian transformasi generatif. Issu utama dalam kajian mikrolinguistik ini adalah pembentukan kata melalui proses afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan komposisi. Sebagian besar kajian morfologi dilakukan dengan teori morfologi struktural yang mengangkat fenomena bahasa yang diteliti dengan tidak memuaskan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan berlandaskan morfologi generatif yang dipelopori oleh Halle (1973), Aronoff (1976), dan Dardjowidjojo (1988). Teori morfologi generatif mensyaratkan adanya empat komponen terpisah, yaitu (1) Daftar Morfem, (2) Kaidah Pembentukan Kata, (3) Saringan, dan (4) Kamus. Morfologi generatif memiliki predictive power untuk menghasilkan kata-kata aktual dan kata-kata potensial. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada komponen pertama teori morfologi generatif yaitu Daftar Morfem dalam Bahasa Batak Toba. Dalam Bahasa Batak Toba Daftar Morfem direalisasikan dalam wujud yang sangat bervariasi baik dalam bentuk kata maupun dalam bentuk afiks. Dalam wujud kata Daftar Morfem Bahasa Batak Toba direalisasikan dalam lima wujud kata yaitu: (1) Kata Dasar Bebas, (2) Kata Dasar Verba, (3) Kata Dasar Nomina, (4) Kata Dasar Adjektiva, dan (5) Kata Dasar Terikat. Selain itu, daftar Daftar Morfem dalam Bahasa Batak Toba juga direalisasikan dalam wujud afiks berupa prefiks, sisipan, suffiks, dan konfiks. Ditemukan sembilan jenis prefiks yang merupakan DM BBT yaitu: (1) Prefiks ma-, (2 ) Prefiks ma(m)- + pa-/par- (3) Prefiks mar-, (4) Prefiks pa-, (5) Prefiks tar- dan di-, (6) Prefiks ha- (7) Prefiks hu-, (8) Prefiks tu-, dan (9) Prefiks um-. Ada lima sisipan yang merupakan DM BBT yaitu: (1) Sisipan -in-, (2) Sisipan -um-, (3) Sisipan -ar-, (4) Sisipan -al-, dan (5) Sisipan Jamak. Ada empat akhiran yang merupakan DM BBT yaitu: (1) Akhiran - hon, (2) Akhiran – i, (3) Akhiran – an, dan (4) Akhiran – on. Ada empat konfiks yang merupakan DM BBT yaitu: (1) Konfiks ma - hon, (2) Konfiks ma – i, (3) Konfiks ha – on, dan (4) Konfiks ha – an. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini akan dilaksanakan di empat kabupaten di Provinsi Sumatera Utara, yaitu (1) Kabupaten Samosir, (2) Kabupaten Toba Samosir, (3) Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, dan (4) Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara. Data akan dianalisa dengan menerapkan metode agih dan metode distribusional.
Merawat Perlambangan Nasionalisme "Kita"
Authors: Pamungkas Alim Harun
Published: November 2018

Saya bahkan hampir lupa dengan terjemahan kata nasionalisme yang terdapat dalam buku-buku pelajarah semasa sekolah dulu. Tetapi yang saya tahu bahwa nasionalisme itu penting. Beragamnya cara setiap orang dalam memahami nasionalisme tentu tidak dapat disalahkan. Beberapa orang mendekati nasionalisme dari pemahaman tentang kesadaran dan kerelaan berbuat untuk bangsa dan negara. Kawan yang lain melalui kesetiaan menyaksikan tontonan sepak bola tim nasional kita hingga ada juga secara serampangan dengan menggunakan atribut-atribut bergaya merah dan putih. Bahkan, secara terang-terangan ada pula kawan yang menolak tawaran bekerja dengan pendapatan fantastis dari perusahaan-perusahaan asing.
KETERAMPILAN PEMBUATAN SOUVENIR DENGAN TEKNIK CETAK SABLON UNTUK PEDAGANG KAKI LIMA DI KAWASAN WISATA PANTAI PURUS KOTA PADANG
Authors: Elida  , Budiwirman  , Insan Ranggi Rahimul
Published: November 2018

Pantai Purus merupakan salah satu daerah di Kecamatan Padang Barat Kota Padang yang merupakan daerah wisata pantai yang cukup ramai dikunjungi wisatawan baik dari luar daerah maupun lokal. Mata pencaharian utama masyarakat Pantai Purus sebagian besar adalah nelayan tradisional yang bergantung kepada cuaca dan musim. Pada musim dan cuaca yang baik maka masyarakat purus tersebut akan melaut dan apabila cuaca tidak baik maka mereka tidak pergi melaut, sehingga pendapatan mereka akan berkurang. Selama bertahun-tahun Pantai Purus menyandang gelar daerah yang penduduknya sebagian besar hidup dari melaut yang tergantung kepada cuaca dan musim, padahal sumber daya yang ada cukup memadai. Sebagai daerah pantai dan penduduk yang hanya kebanyakan tamatan SD dan SMP kegiatan para nelayan didaerah tersebut masih dilakukan secara tradisional sehingga penghasilannya tidak banyak. Hasil melaut yang tidak menentu diamping disebabkan oleh musim dan cuaca, ternyata juga disebabkan naik turunnya harga ikan dipasaran. Kadang-kadang ikan banyak, tetapi sering juga tidak mendapatkan hasil yang memadai karena harga dipasar murah atau turun. Oleh sebab itu daerah ini dikatagorikan sebagai daerah yang mempunyai tingkat ekonomi lemah. Pada tahun 2017 tim pengabdian Fakultas Parwisata dan Perhotelan telah melaksanakan kegiatan pada pelaksanaan kegiatan hasil berikut: 1) Pedagang kaki lima dikawasan wisata Pantai Purus kota Padang sangat berpotensi untuk membuat souvenir dengan teknik cetak sablon dan dipasarkan karena daerah merupakan kawasan wisata yang ramai dikunjungi wisatawan; 2). Penyuluhan yang dilakukan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan pedagang kaki lima masyarakat lokal tentang pembuatan souvenir dengan teknik cetak sablon, 3) Pelatihan dapat meningkatkan keterampilan pedagang kaki lima di kawasan wisata Pantai Purus dalam pembuatan souvenir dengan teknik cetak sablon pada baju kaus dan gantungan kunci yang dapat dipasarkan di kawasan wisata Pantai Purus kota Padang.
Strategies in Developing Horse Breeding with Socio - cultural Concept in the Regency of Sumba Barat Daya
Authors: Randu Melkianus D S
Published: November 2018

The objective of this study is to formulate alternate strategies in developing horse breeding that hassocio-cultural concept in the Regency of Sumba Barat Daya through evaluation on its internal and externalfactors. The data were collected from November 2015 to July 2016. Survey was held on 27 experts who wereselected purposively. Analyzing tool being used is SWOT. The results of the research show that the position ofhorse breeding with socio-cultural concept in the Regency of Sumba Barat Daya is on the first quadrant, thatis to say growth oriented strategy. Therefore, the application of SO strategy using the internal strength ofRegency of Sumba Barat Daya is needed to gain all benefits from the external opportunity in horse breedingdevelopment.
MORPHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF ADJECTIVE REDUPLICATION IN BATAK TOBA LANGUAGE
Authors: Ambarita Esron
Published: November 2018

This research deals with the investigation of adjective reduplication in Batak Toba language. The major issue in this descriptive microlinguistic study is to find out the formations of adjective reduplication in Batak Toba language. There are some urgent points under discussion, namely, the identification of the morpheme that form the formation of the adjective reduplication, the morphological processes of the word formation, and the meaning emerged as the result of the morphological processes. The results of the analysis show that there are five types of adjective reduplication in Batak Toba language, they are, (1) full adjective reduplication, (2) partial adjective reduplication with prefix mar- and um-, (3) partial adjective reduplication with infix –um-, (4) partial adjective reduplication with suffix –an, -hian, and –an, and (5) partial adjective reduplication with marsi-i, ha-assa, ma-hu, pa-hu, sa-na, and um-hian. The meanings of the adjective reduplication can be grouped into eight, namely, (1) refers to the basic meaning of the base adjective, (2) in the condition as mentioned in the base adjective, (3) has the characteristic as mentioned in the base adjective, (4) shows degree of comparison, (5) shows differences, (6) shows that something or some one is just so so .... as mentioned in the base adjective, (7) shows that something or some one is too ..., and (8) expresses superlative degree about something or some one.
EFEKTIFITAS BLENDED LEARNING DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKSES BELAJAR DI LPTK
Authors: Effendi Z Mawardi
Published: November 2018

One of the main problems of the development of higher education in Indonesia is how to increase public participation that is usually reflected by the gross enrollment ratio (GER). One of the government's programs to increase access to higher education is to utilize distance learning (DL) as one of the model of instruction. The legal protection to implement the DL has been available namely Law No. 12 Year 2012 on Higher Education and, Regulation of Ministry of Education and Culture No. 109 Year 2013 on the Implementation of Distance Learning in Higher Education. In addition to the Open University (UT), there have not been a lot of Indonesian universities who develop and use DL as a learning model. This article conveying an experience of developing a not only valid, but also an effective blended learning model of instruction in the State University of Padang, in effort to expand access to higher education and finding alternative learning models to overcome the limitations that are owned by an institution of higher education