bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Avaliação dos parâmetros tempo, corrente e pressão na soldagem por resistência elétrica de compósitos PEI/fibras contínuas: influência na resistência mecânica
Authors: Abrahão Ana Beatriz Ramos Moreira , Reis Jonas Frank , Brejão Samia Danuta , Ribeiro Vinícius Garcia , Costa Michelle Leali , Botelho Edson Cocchieri
Published: June 2015

Atualmente, muitos componentes destinados à indústria aeronáutica, que anteriormente utilizavam compósitos com matriz termorrígida, vêm sendo substituídos por aqueles que apresentam matriz termoplástica, devido principalmente às melhores propriedades mecânicas obtidas, possibilidade de reaproveitamento do mesmo e a facilidade na fabricação de peças grandes e complexas, que serão integradas para formar o componente final desejado, assim como a sua temperatura de serviço mais elevada. Entretanto, um dos principais problemas da utilização de compósitos poliméricos em aplicações estruturais consiste em sua união efetiva para a integração de componentes. Nos últimos anos, a soldagem por resistência elétrica vem sendo considerada como uma das mais promissoras técnicas para a união de compósitos, pois se trata de um processo com pouca preparação de superfície e com qualidade aceitável no setor industrial. O principal objetivo deste trabalho consiste no estudo de parâmetros de soldagem por resistência elétrica para o compósito polimérico PEI poli (éter-imida) reforçado com fibras de carbono e de vidro (sistema híbrido) para aplicações aeronáuticas. As amostras do compósito foram soldadas e submetidas ao ensaio de lap shear para obtenção de tensão de ruptura ao cisalhamento de juntas simples. A partir deste ensaio foram estabelecidas as variáveis mais adequadas para utilização neste processo. O método utilizado foi um planejamento experimental fatorial completo que permitiu, com um número menor de experimentos, explorar todo o espaço experimental de interesse, estabelecendo os valores mais adequados de corrente elétrica, pressão e tempo para o processo de soldagem estudado.
Utilização de Resíduos de Borra de Café e Serragem na Moldagem de Briquetes e Avaliação de Propriedades
Authors: Soares Larissa de Souza , Moris Virgínia Aparecida da Silva , Yamaji Fábio Minoru , Paiva Jane Maria Faulstich de
Published: June 2015

Este trabalho envolveu a moldagem de briquetes com utilização de resíduos de pó borra de café e serragem de madeira de eucalipto. Os briquetes produzidos a partir de biomassa vegetal podem ser aplicados como substituintes de outros combustíveis utilizados em caldeiras de processos industriais ou até mesmo para aquecimento de residências, em regiões frias, com utilização de equipamentos mais simples. No Brasil e em muitos países uma grande quantidade de resíduos de borra de café é produzida e desperdiçada no cotidiano e em indústrias de café solúvel. A serragem de madeira também é um resíduo bastante comum no Brasil, principalmente, em algumas cidades que concentram grande número de empresas que processam madeira. Assim, a moldagem de briquetes com estes resíduos sólidos é uma oportunidade de reaproveitar os resíduos para produzir um tipo de combustível proveniente de fonte renovável, contemplando também aspectos relacionados à bioenergia e Produção Mais Limpa (P+L). Desta forma, no presente trabalho foram realizadas moldagens de briquetes utilizando o pó da borra de café e serragem de madeira em diferentes proporções destes materiais para avaliar propriedades mecânicas de compressão diametral. Também foram realizadas análises para determinar os teores de umidade, voláteis e cinzas, além da determinação do poder calorífico superior (PCS). Todas as composições de briquetes contendo serragem ocasionaram acréscimos nos valores das médias das propriedades de resistência máxima à compressão diametral e módulo de elasticidade, quando comparados aos valores destas propriedades dos briquetes moldados apenas com a borra de café. As diferentes composições de briquetes contendo serragem apresentaram valores próximos de resistência à compressão diametral. Considerando os valores do poder calorífico (PCS), todas as amostras apresentaram resultados semelhantes em comparação com a literatura. Os briquetes contendo somente borra de café na composição apresentaram resultados de teores de cinzas, voláteis e PCS similares aos das amostras contendo serragem. Porém, os briquetes contendo somente borra de café apresentaram valores inferiores de resistência máxima à compressão quando comparados a todos os outros briquetes moldados também com serragem.
Expectativas de jovens do ensino médio público em relação ao estudo e ao trabalho
Authors: Souza Davisson Charles Cangussu , Vazquez Daniel Arias
Published: June 2015

O artigo analisa as expectativas de jovens do ensino médio de escolas públicas em relação à continuidade dos estudos e à inserção no mercado de trabalho. O principal procedimento da pesquisa foi a aplicação de um questionário a 1363 estudantes da região metropolitana de São Paulo. Em diálogo com as teorias críticas de Althusser (1999), Bourdieu e Passeron (1975), e Baudelot e Establet (1975), partimos da hipótese de que esses jovens possuiriam alta expectativa de ingresso no mercado de trabalho e baixa expectativa de continuidade dos estudos. Por um lado, os dados revelaram que os jovens pesquisados pretendem seguir estudando, e inclusive ingressar no ensino superior. Porém, por outro lado, foram constatadas desigualdades significativas de expectativas e avaliação de chances segundo as seguintes variáveis: autodefinição de raça; escolaridade e tipo de ocupação dos pais/responsáveis; autodefinição na estrutura de classes; experiência atual e anterior de trabalho. Tais desigualdades revelam a existência de um teto de vidro que reduz as chances de ingresso no ensino universitário (principalmente nas universidades públicas), segundo o grupo social considerado. Este artigo demonstra que conciliar estudo com trabalho é visto como a maior dificuldade e, ao mesmo tempo, como a principal estratégia para obter o nível superior, considerando os efeitos das políticas recentes de ampliação da oferta das vagas públicas e privadas.
Da estatística educacional para a estatística: das práticas profissionais a um campo disciplinar acadêmico??
Authors: Silva Martha Raíssa Iane Santana da , Valente Wagner Rodrigues
Published: June 2015

Este artigo analisa o movimento de transformação das práticas estatísticas colocadas a serviço da educação rumo à institucionalização da estatística como disciplina científica, no período entre 1930 e 1960. Para tanto, consideram-se sobretudo os documentos contidos no arquivo da Faculdade de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas da Universidade de São Paulo. A análise leva em conta os estudos de Ivor Goodson relativos aos padrões e processos de consolidação de uma rubrica acadêmica. O resultado do estudo aponta para as ações do professor Milton Rodrigues com vistas à promoção e ao deslocamento dos saberes estatísticos como método para o trabalho nas áreas da educação, da psicologia e da sociologia, em direção à estatística como campo de pesquisa, com seus próprios métodos, objetos de investigação e referências teóricas. As ações do referido professor em favor da instituição de um espaço para a formação do estatístico constituíram-se em um deslocamento significativo e concederam status de cientificidade às diversas produções nas quais a estatística era demandada. Salienta-se que, à época, a estatística, apesar de ser um conhecimento amplamente utilizado, padecia da ausência de um importante aspecto na configuração de uma disciplina acadêmica: a existência dos cursos de formação especializados, que compõem uma comunidade disciplinar.
Uso de modelagem 4D e Building Information Modeling na gestão de sistemas de produção em empreendimentos de construção
Authors: Biotto Clarissa Notariano , Formoso Carlos Torres , Isatto Eduardo Luis
Published: June 2015

Um modelo BIM é uma representação digital de uma edificação, combinando informações tridimensionais e não-geométricas. Uma vez associado com as durações de atividades ou etapas da construção, o modelo resultante (modelo BIM 4D) pode ser utilizado para projetar e planejar sistemas de produção de empreendimentos de construção através da visualização do plano de execução da obra. Em geral, os estudos sobre o uso combinado da modelagem 4D e BIM realizados até este momento tem tido como foco decisões acerca do planejamento de processos construtivos específicos, dedicando pouca atenção quanto à implementação de modelos BIM 4D na gestão de sistemas de produção no contexto organizacional de empresas de construção. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo propor um método para apoiar a gestão de sistemas de produção em empreendimentos de construção através do uso da modelagem BIM 4D para o projeto do sistema de produção e planejamento da produção. Esta pesquisa adota a design science research como modo de produção de conhecimento, envolvendo quatro estudos empíricos em três empresas de construção de edificações residenciais. A principal contribuição da pesquisa consiste no método para uso de BIM 4D na gestão de sistemas de produção em empreendimentos de construção, além da identificação de um conjunto de benefícios que podem ser esperados a partir do uso dos modelos BIM 4D na gestão de sistemas de produção no contexto de empreendimentos de construção.
Desenvolvimento de uma nova concepção geométrica para os blocos de concretos não modulares para alvenaria estrutural
Authors: Mohamad Gihad , Bavastri Elizabete Yukiko Nakanishi , Kirchhof Larissa Degliuomini , Rizzatti Eduardo , Jantsch Ana Cláudia Akele
Published: June 2015

O presente estudo descreve uma nova concepção geométrica para os blocos de concreto não modulares especialmente concebidos para alvenaria estrutural, com montagem capaz de permitir a superposição das paredes longitudinais e transversais dos blocos nas diferentes fiadas da parede, para facilitar o grauteamento e o posicionamento das armaduras verticais dos elementos estruturais. O conjunto de blocos possuem geometrias específicas para cada função, o que facilita a execução das alvenarias armadas e o aumento no desempenho estrutural e a produtividade Como geometria final, desenvolveu-se um conjunto não modular de unidades com potencial de atender aos objetivos do sistema construtivo em alvenaria estrutural.
Effects of detritus chemical composition on the anaerobic mineralization of Salvinia auriculata and Utricularia breviscapa
Authors: Santino Marcela Bianchessi da Cunha , Bianchini Júnior Irineu
Published: June 2015

Aim: This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of the detritus composition on the anaerobic mineralization of two species of aquatic macrophytes with different life forms (submerged and free floating). The hypothesis that guided this study was that the carbon concentration derived from detritus hydrosoluble fraction can act as a facilitating factor on its degradation.Material and MethodsIncubations containing detritus and water sample from the Óleo Lagoon (21° 33’ to 21° 37’ S and 47° to 47° 45’ to 51’ W) for each specie (Salvinia auriculata and Utricularia breviscapa) were set-up with: (i) integral detritus (sample of dried plant), (ii) lignocellulosic matrix (particulate organic matter (POM) remaining from leachate extraction) and (iii) leachate. The incubations were kept in the dark under anaerobic conditions. Daily rates of gas formation were evaluated and after 138 days, the incubations were fractioned in dissolved and particulate fractions and the mass balances were performed. A mass loss experiment (180 days) was performed for assessment of the dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon and mineralized carbon variations.ResultsRegardless of the type of detritus (S. auriculata and U. breviscapa), C-mineralization was faster and higher in the DOC incubations (ca. 85%). For U. breviscapa the POM mineralization was slower than the corresponding integral detritus and S. auriculata mineralization was slower than U. breviscapa.ConclusionsThe composition of the detritus (i.e. macrophyte type, presence and proportion of leachate) interfered synergistically in anaerobic degradation of these plants. The leachate tends to act as a facilitator, supporting the growth of microorganisms and intensifying mineralization.
Water quality and potamoplankton evaluation of the Nile River in Upper Egypt
Authors: El-Otify Ahmed Mohamed , Iskaros Isaac Agaiby
Published: June 2015

Aim: The composition, abundance, community structure of potamoplankton and major physical and chemical variables of the Nile water in Upper Egypt were investigated to assess its status in different seasons during 2007.MethodsWater samples were collected seasonally during 2007 from six investigated sites from variable depths at levels of 0, 2.5 and 5 m. The area of this investigation is defined as the southern 120 Km of the main stream of the Nile in Upper Egypt (24° 04’ – 25° 00’ latitudes and 32° 51’ – 32° 54’ longitudes), downstream of Aswan Old Dam.ResultsAltogether, 121 potamoplankton species, of which 85 related to phytoplankton and 36 appertaining to zooplankton were recorded. Most numerous phytoplankton were Chlorophyceae (42 species) followed by Bacillariophyceae (30 species). Cyanobacteria and Dinophyceae were less numerous with only 11 and 2 species, respectively. Zooplankton species were mainly belonging to three systematic groups namely; Rotifera (24 species), Copepoda (3 species) and Cladocera (9 species). Besides, other rare zooplankton including Platyhelminthes, Nemata and Ciliophora were sparsely encountered. The main hydrological conditions characterizing the investigated area include water level fluctuations (˂82 - ˃85 m above sea level), relatively high current velocity (0.8 - 1.3 m sec–1) and disposal of wastewater. Plankton populations were variably but rather weakly dependent on the major nutrients due to their excessive availability in accessible form for uptake by the producers. For phytoplankton, the community structure was categorized in relation to temperature, pH, SO42– and Mg2+. For zooplankton, the community structure was categorized in relation to conductivity as well as Mg2+. Sampling intervals were inadequate to demonstrate the existing successional pattern of the Nile potamoplankton community. Alterations in the phytoplankton community structure accompanied changes in water temperature represented by the alternate dominance between diatoms and cyanobacteria, while zooplankton community was always dominated by rotifers. Phytoplankton populations were numerically more abundant in autumn and zooplankton peaked in spring.ConclusionsWastewater disposal restricted the abundance of the Nile zooplankton assemblages mainly due to the numerical decline of Rotifera and Cladocera. Otherwise, wastewater did not exert major limits for phytoplankton. The data obtained in this investigation will be crucial to understand potamoplankton regulation and contribute to the knowledge regarding the Limnology of the Nile basin.
Synergistic effects between omnivorous filter-feeding fish and nutrient enrichment on algal biomass
Authors: Teixeira Leonardo Henrique , Attayde José Luiz
Published: June 2015

Aim: The Nile tilapia - Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus 1758) - is an exotic omnivorous filter-feeding fish that has been stocked for three decades in man-made lakes of Northeastern Brazil. Most experiments manipulating omnivorous filter-feeding fish in eutrophic lakes and reservoirs shows that their presence tends to increase phytoplankton biomass and primary production. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that tilapia interact synergistically with nutrient enrichment so that the effects of omnivorous fish on phytoplankton biomass becomes more intense with increasing nutrient concentration.MethodsA field experiment with a 2×3 factorial design was performed during four weeks in twenty-four mesocosms (0.25 m3) to which six treatments were randomly allocated: fingerling addition (F), juvenile tilapia addition (J), nutrient addition (NP), nutrient and fingerling addition (NPF), nutrient and juvenile tilapia addition (NPJ) and a control treatment with no tilapia or nutrients addition (C). A two-way repeated measures ANOVA was done to test for time (t), tilapia and nutrients effects and their interaction on total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a concentrations.ResultsThe results showed a positive effect of nutrient addition on total phosphorus, total nitrogen and chlorophyll-a concentrations and a positive effect of tilapia on the concentration of chlorophyll-a. As expected, we found a synergistic interaction between the positive effect of Nile tilapia and nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton biomass.ConclusionsThe above results suggest that controlling tilapia abundance through fisheries management is a potential tool to improve water quality and mitigate the effects of lake and reservoir eutrophication.
Evaluation of alternative macroinvertebrate sampling techniques for use in a new tropical freshwater bioassessment scheme
Authors: Moore Isabel Eleanor , Murphy Kevin Joseph
Published: June 2015

Aim: The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of benthic macroinvertebrate dredge net sampling procedures as an alternative method to kick net sampling in tropical freshwater systems, specifically as an evaluation of sampling methods used in the Zambian Invertebrate Scoring System (ZISS) river bioassessment scheme. Tropical freshwater ecosystems are sometimes dangerous or inaccessible to sampling teams using traditional kick-sampling methods, so identifying an alternative procedure that produces similar results is necessary in order to collect data from a wide variety of habitats.MethodsBoth kick and dredge nets were used to collect macroinvertebrate samples at 16 riverine sites in Zambia, ranging from backwaters and floodplain lagoons to fast flowing streams and rivers. The data were used to calculate ZISS, diversity (S: number of taxa present), and Average Score Per Taxon (ASPT) scores per site, using the two sampling methods to compare their sampling effectiveness. Environmental parameters, namely pH, conductivity, underwater photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), temperature, alkalinity, flow, and altitude, were also recorded and used in statistical analysis. Invertebrate communities present at the sample sites were determined using multivariate procedures.ResultsAnalysis of the invertebrate community and environmental data suggested that the testing exercise was undertaken in four distinct macroinvertebrate community types, supporting at least two quite different macroinvertebrate assemblages, and showing significant differences in habitat conditions. Significant correlations were found for all three bioassessment score variables between results acquired using the two methods, with dredge-sampling normally producing lower scores than did the kick net procedures. Linear regression models were produced in order to correct each biological variable score collected by a dredge net to a score similar to that of one collected by kick net sampling.ConclusionsThe use of a dredge net in macroinvertebrate bioassessment schemes is an effective, alternative method in certain environments when site conditions prohibit the use of the preferred kick net sampling method. The results of this study can be used to aid in the development of other tropical freshwater bioassessment schemes around the world, including Brazil.
Characterisation of air-void systems in concrete
Authors: Liu Zhichao , Hansen Will , Meng Bo
Published: June 2015

The air-void system in both fresh and hardened states for different concrete mixes was measured and characterised using the methods presented in ASTM C231 and ASTM C457 respectively. The mix variables included two water/binder (w/b) ratios (0·33 and 0·45), one replacement level of Portland cement with slag cement (50%) and a range of air contents achieved through the use of different air-entraining agents. Consistent results were obtained on duplicate specimens using the two testing procedures. The cumulative size distribution of the air voids estimated from chord length measurement was satisfactorily represented by an S-shaped function from which the differential distribution can be derived. The importance of air-void fineness on the spacing was clearly illustrated by the small variation in Powers' spacing factor when large air bubbles were included.
Mulier. Algunas Historias e Instituciones de Derecho Romano
Authors: CATALÁN ELISA MUÑOZ
Published: June 2015

Reseña sobre un reciente libro que elabora un análisis histórico-evolutivo del papel que tradicionalmente ha desempeñado la mujer, reparando muy especialmente, en las distintas instituciones jurídicas: Derecho de Familia, Persona, Herencia, Derechos Patrimoniales y Penales.

(Historiografía de género)
El rol de las “actitudes globales discriminatorias” en el desarrollo humano: una reflexión psicosocial desde el feminismo de la interseccionalidad
Authors: Jiménez Almirante Libertad
Published: June 2015

Se ha pretendido tender un puente de unión entre la teoría del desarrollo humano de Amartya Sen (1985) y Martha Nussbaum (2000) y el modelo ecológico del desarrollo humano de Urie Bronfenbrenner (1987 [1979]). El nexo pudiera residir en el hecho de reconocer que el acceso a la riqueza es indispensable para garantizar el pleno desarrollo de las personas pero las barreras para dicho acceso pudieran no ser una cuestión solamente material sino también una cuestión actitudinal originada en los entornos del desarrollo humano. Asimismo, las barreras discriminatorias sufridas por las mujeres son muchas e interseccionadas como apunta Kimberlé Crenshaw (1995) desde el feminismo de la interseccionalidad.
Desarrollo, trabajo y género: El caso de la Laguna de Yahuarcocha
Authors: Lugo-Morin Diosey Ramon , Torres-Cuapa Berenice
Published: June 2015

El presente estudio propone valorar el papel de la mujer rural de los territorios aledaños a la Laguna de Yahuarcocha.  Escenario propicio para generar una dinámica económica en las comunidades de San Miguel de Yahuarcocha y Priorato donde las mujeres tienen un rol de importancia estratégica.  Se concluye que la participación de  las mujeres en la dinámica económica entorno a la Laguna de Yahuarcocha es determinante para el desarrollo del territorio sobre todo en el ámbito turístico.  
La violencia en las historias de vida de las mujeres institucionalizadas en los centros de protección de la Comunidad Valenciana
Authors: Moriana Gabriela
Published: June 2015

Este artículo es fruto de un trabajo de campo etnográfico realizado en distintos centros de protección de mujeres de la Comunidad Valenciana. Su objetivo es desvelar los tipos de violencia que subyacen en las historias de vida de las mujeres institucionalizadas. Tanto la estrategia general como las principales técnicas de investigación utilizadas han sido de índole cualitativa. Así, se ha realizado observación participante, y a través de informes sociales, documentos personales y entrevistas informales y en profundidad se han elaborado 15 historias de vida. Respecto al  resultado, destacar que en las trayectorias vitales analizadas subyacen distintos tipos de violencia de género (malos tratos físicos y psíquicos), violencia económica (por parte de sus parejas y exparejas) y violencia  institucional o revictimización secundaria.
La agenda oculta del trabajo invisible: aproximación teórica y categorización
Authors: Hurtado Inmaculada , Saneleuterio Elia , López-García-Torres Rocío , Juaristi Besalduch Elena , García-Alcober María , Abril Stoffels Ruth
Published: June 2015

Los estudios sobre corresponsabilidad en el trabajo doméstico y en la sostenibilidad de la vida han valorado las desigualdades entre hombre y mujeres en el reparto de las funciones domésticas y de cuidado, pero —hasta el momento— han dejado de lado algunas tareas que por sus características resultan más difusas. Nuestra investigación pretende comprobar cuáles son las tareas que siguen siendo invisibles actualmente, de modo que puedan ser incorporadas para futuros análisis y colaborar, con esta visibilización, a su consideración social y a la corresponsabilidad plena como aspiración imprescindible de igualdad entre sexos.
Discriminación de género en el acceso a bienes y servicios en el tráfico mercantil entre privados
Authors: Díaz Gómez María Angustias , Pérez Carrillo Elena Fátima
Published: June 2015

La Directiva 2004/113/CE, y la Ley Orgánica 3/2007 que la traspone representan un avance en el Derecho antidiscriminatorio por razón de género y en concreto al suministro de bienes y servicios. En este trabajo nos centramos en el acceso a los ofertados desde el sector privado de la economía. Apuntamos a la deficiente incorporación en España de algunas disposiciones de la Directiva; a la necesidad de superar el recurso a la nulidad como principal solución de controversias; así como a la conveniencia de que la regulación antidiscriminatoria de derecho privado reciba un tratamiento legislativo transversal, para así hacer eficaz el derecho a la igualdad y el propio derecho del mercado en áreas tan relevantes como la competencia desleal.
Targeting HSP90 Ameliorates Nephropathy and Atherosclerosis Through Suppression of NF-κB and STAT Signaling Pathways in Diabetic Mice
Authors: Lazaro Iolanda , Oguiza Ainhoa , Recio Carlota , Mallavia Beñat , Madrigal-Matute Julio , Blanco Julia , Egido Jesus , Martin-Ventura Jose-Luis , Gomez-Guerrero Carmen
Published: June 2015

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are induced by cellular stress and function as molecular chaperones that regulate protein folding. Diabetes impairs the function/expression of many HSPs, including HSP70 and HSP90, key regulators of pathological mechanisms involved in diabetes complications. Therefore, we investigated whether pharmacological HSP90 inhibition ameliorates diabetes-associated renal damage and atheroprogression in a mouse model of combined hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia (streptozotocin-induced diabetic apolipoprotein E–deficient mouse). Treatment of diabetic mice with 17-dimethylaminoethylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (DMAG, 2 and 4 mg/kg, 10 weeks) improved renal function, as evidenced by dose-dependent decreases in albuminuria, renal lesions (mesangial expansion, leukocyte infiltration, and fibrosis), and expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic genes. Furthermore, DMAG significantly reduced atherosclerotic lesions and induced a more stable plaque phenotype, characterized by lower content of lipids, leukocytes, and inflammatory markers, and increased collagen and smooth muscle cell content. Mechanistically, the renoprotective and antiatherosclerotic effects of DMAG are mediated by the induction of protective HSP70 along with inactivation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) and target gene expression, both in diabetic mice and in cultured cells under hyperglycemic and proinflammatory conditions. In conclusion, HSP90 inhibition by DMAG restrains the progression of renal and vascular damage in experimental diabetes, with potential implications for the prevention of diabetes complications.
Direct Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Activation Provides Atheroprotection in Diabetes-Accelerated Atherosclerosis
Authors: Sharma Arpeeta , Sellers Stephanie , Stefanovic Nada , Leung Cleo , Tan Sih Min , Huet Olivier , Granville David J. , Cooper Mark E. , de Haan Judy B. , Bernatchez Pascal
Published: June 2015

Patients with diabetes have an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by the lowered bioavailability of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS)–derived NO, is a critical inducer of atherosclerosis. However, the protective aspect of eNOS in diabetes-associated atherosclerosis remains controversial, a likely consequence of its capacity to release both protective NO or deleterious oxygen radicals in normal and disease settings, respectively. Harnessing the atheroprotective activity of eNOS in diabetic settings remains elusive, in part due to the lack of endogenous eNOS-specific NO release activators. We have recently shown in vitro that eNOS-derived NO release can be increased by blocking its binding to Caveolin-1, the main coat protein of caveolae, using a highly specific peptide, CavNOxin. However, whether targeting eNOS using this peptide can attenuate diabetes-associated atherosclerosis is unknown. In this study, we show that CavNOxin can attenuate atherosclerotic burden by ∼84% in vivo. In contrast, mice lacking eNOS show resistance to CavNOxin treatment, indicating eNOS specificity. Mechanistically, CavNOxin lowered oxidative stress markers, inhibited the expression of proatherogenic mediators, and blocked leukocyte-endothelial interactions. These data are the first to show that endogenous eNOS activation can provide atheroprotection in diabetes and suggest that CavNOxin is a viable strategy for the development of antiatherosclerotic compounds.
A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Telemedical and Standard Outpatient Monitoring of Diabetic Foot Ulcers
Authors: Rasmussen Benjamin S.B. , Froekjaer Johnny , Bjerregaard Mads R. , Lauritsen Jens , Hangaard Joergen , Henriksen Claus W. , Halekoh Ulrich , Yderstraede Knud B.
Published: June 2015

OBJECTIVE

The role of telemedical monitoring in diabetic foot ulcer care is still uncertain. Our aim was to compare telemedical and standard outpatient monitoring in the care of patients with diabetic foot ulcers in a randomized controlled trial.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

Of the 736 screened individuals with diabetic foot ulcers, 401 met the eligibility criteria and were randomized between October 2010 and November 2014. The per-protocol telemedical monitoring consisted of two consultations in the patient’s own home and one consultation at the outpatient clinic. Standard practice consisted of three outpatient clinic visits. The three-visit cycle was repeated until study end point. The study end points were defined as complete ulcer healing, amputation, or death.

RESULTS

One hundred ninety-three individuals were randomized to telemedical monitoring and 181 to standard care. Demographics were similar in both groups. A cause-specific Cox proportional hazards model showed no difference in individuals monitored through telemedicine regarding wound healing (hazard ratio 1.11 [95% CI 0.87, 1.42], P = 0.42) or amputation (0.87 [0.54, 1.42], P = 0.59). We found a higher mortality incidence in the telemedical monitoring group compared with the standard outpatient monitoring group (8.68 [6.93, 10.88], P = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

The findings of no significant difference regarding amputation and healing between telemedical and standard outpatient monitoring seem promising; however, for telemedical monitoring, a higher mortality throws into question the role of telemedicine in monitoring diabetic foot ulcers. Further studies are needed to investigate effects of telemedicine on mortality and other clinical outcomes and to identify patient subgroups that may have a poorer outcome through telemedical monitoring.
Relations entre prosodie et syntaxe
Authors: Herment Sophie
Published: June 2015

This paper addresses the question of the interface between prosody and syntax through the analysis of a few non canonical syntactic structures taken from corpora of spoken English. It-clefts, extrapositions, right noun-phrase dislocations and the insertion of auxiliary do in an assertive context are closely looked at. The prosody of these structures is compared to marked prosodic forms of emphatic utterances with a neutral syntax. The prosodic analysis is mainly based on the number of tone units, the place of the nuclear syllable and the pitch movement. The context and the information structure are also taken into account for the utterances analysed here. We show that a syntactically non canonical utterance can be pronounced with a neutral prosody or on the contrary that the prosody can be marked. Prosody and syntax are complementary but play a role at different levels. It is argued that a non neutral syntax is rather used for the organization of discourse, for thematization or focalisation, while prosody is used to emphasize an element or highlight a contrast when it is non neutral, and plays a role on the pragmatic or semantic level when it is neutral.
Modalité, dialogisme et stratégies discursives
Authors: Bendinelli Marion
Published: June 2015

This article studies the dialogic effects of the various uses of the modal auxiliary MAY within American presidential debates. Firstly, we adopt the analytic framework of Antoine Culioli (1990) called Théorie des Opérations Énonciatives and show that these dialogic effects are generated by some fundamental metalinguistic operations among which the construction of notional alterity. As a consequence, it seems possible to define MAY as a dialogic marker (Bres et Mellet 2009) since it is its intrinsic properties (and not the context) that cause dialogic effects. Secondly, we suggest that the framework developed here sheds new light on some of the discursive strategies employed by the candidates; in particular, it helps provide a linguistic account of manipulative discourse. Finally, the study considers the relations between the notions of alterity and dialogism.
Whirligigs, Gigs, and Giggles
Authors: Sayers William
Published: June 2015

Nous proposons une étude étymologique des mots anglais whirligig, gig, et giggle. Quoiqu’ils ne forment pas un groupe sémantique en anglais moderne, ils remontent tous à la racine reconstruite indo-européenne *ĝhei-gh-, qui exprime diverses sortes de mouvement oscillatoire et répétitif. Cependant, aucun de ces mots n’est descendu en ligne directe du vieux germanique. Plutôt, deux avenues auraient conduit ce vocabulaire à l’anglais moyen and moderne: le vieux nordique du Danelaw britannique et le gaélique qui autrefois s’étendait à travers toute l’Écossse.
Le génitif anglais et la métaphore adamczewskienne de soudure
Authors: Chabert Evelyne
Published: June 2015

As is common in cases of information packaging, in which a speaker chooses the form best matching their intention, various models have been exposed in the linguistic literature to account for the factors at play in the choice between the genitive construction (the dog’s kennel) and the of-phrase (the kennel of the dog). One widely accepted model in France is Henri Adamczewski’s, according to which the distinction is motivated by the speaker’s representation of the relation between the possessor and the possessee. In this view, a speaker is likely to select the genitive construction if their aim is to signal that, to them, the possessor-possessee relation is - metaphorically - “fused”, i.e. firmly established in their mind prior to the enunciation, whereas, negatively, selection of OF (which is to be related to its etymological ancestor, OFF), is meant to signal that the two referents brought together are not intrinsically linked, not inherently associated. The aim of this article is to discuss Adamczewski’s account of the possessive constructions starting from the examples he uses in Grammaire linguistique de l’anglais (1998). A close examination shows that they are questionable as illustrations of his theory. Besides, counter-examples can be found to invalidate the “fusion” model.
Les avocats de la défense dans les négociations des plaidoyers de culpabilité : quelles pratiques ?
Authors: Euvrard Elsa , Leclerc Chloé
Published: June 2015

Le présent article s’intéresse aux pratiques professionnelles des avocats de la défense durant les négociations des plaidoyers de culpabilité, règlement principal des causes criminelles au Canada. S’inspirant des théories interactionnistes de la sociologie des professions, il se place dans le cadre théorique de la segmentation des professions de Strauss (1992) et cherche à comprendre comment les pratiques des avocats de la défense se distinguent lors des négociations des plaidoyers de culpabilité. À partir d’entrevues semi-dirigées auprès de douze avocats de la défense exerçant au Palais de justice de Montréal, l’article interroge l’hétérogénéité de leurs pratiques en présentant conceptions et pratiques à chacune des étapes des négociations. Il en ressort de grands axes de pratiques différenciées mais pas de traces d’une segmentation claire entre eux : des pratiques distinctes parmi les avocats évoluent et se recoupent selon le contexte des causes dans la mesure où ils ajustent leurs stratégies aux circonstances. L’article interroge enfin les implications d’une hétérogénéité des pratiques des avocats dans la défense des accusés au sein du système de justice criminelle.
Les impacts de la guerre du Việt Nam sur les forêts d’A Lưới
Authors: Robert-Charmeteau Amélie
Published: June 2015

Au cours de la guerre du Việt Nam, l’actuel district d’A Lưới (province de Thừa Thiên Huế, Việt Nam central), traversé par la piste Hồ Chí Minh, subit de nombreux épandages d’herbicides et pilonnages. Les forêts sont une cible privilégiée. Mais les conséquences de ces pratiques militaires sur les sylvosystèmes sont sujettes à controverses. Pour identifier objectivement le poids de la guerre sur les dynamiques paysagères, l’étude se fonde sur une analyse diachronique régressive des paysages et privilégie les sources iconographiques, a priori non biaisées (images satellitales, photographies aériennes). La guerre n’est pas la seule période étudiée puisque les conséquences environnementales des pratiques militaires sont analysées autant à court terme qu’à long terme ; les impacts sur les paysages actuels sont interrogés. Par ailleurs doit être vérifiée l’hypothèse selon laquelle les pratiques pré et post-guerre ont aggravé le strict impact du conflit. Sont ainsi analysées les dynamiques paysagères et les pratiques anthropiques qui affectent la région d’A Lưới pour chaque période clé identifiée, de la colonisation à aujourd’hui. Au terme de la recherche, menée dans le cadre d’un doctorat, la guerre apparaît comme un facteur de recul des forêts mais loin d’être le seul ; elle ne marque aujourd’hui que ponctuellement les paysages.
Impact de l’évolution des conditions agroclimatologiques sur les systèmes de culture à base de banane plantain : le cas de l’Est ivoirien
Authors: Noufé Dabissi , Lidon Bruno , Mahé Gil , Servat Éric , Chaléard Jean-Louis
Published: June 2015

Cette étude propose d’analyser à l’échelle de l’Est ivoirien, une zone d’agriculture pluviale conventionnelle, les effets des modifications des conditions agroclimatologiques sur les systèmes de culture à base de banane plantain. L’impact de la variabilité climatique sur les activités agricoles est ainsi évalué à partir d’une analyse fréquentielle des saisons culturales (SC) ou saisons de pluies potentiellement utiles, et d’un indice de déficit hydrique (IDH) annuel cumulé, déterminés par simulation du bilan hydrique journalier. L’analyse de ces indicateurs agroclimatiques montre une évolution spatio-temporelle contrastée des conditions hydriques de production agricole. En effet, au nord d’une bande centrale peu affectée, on note un accroissement de l’IDH annuel cumulé, alors qu’au sud, l’augmentation de cet indicateur s’associe à une diminution marquée de la durée de la première saison des pluies sur le littoral. Les risques de sécheresse sont notables pour les cultures annuelles sans toutefois constituer un facteur limitant de premier plan. Mais il n’en est pas de même pour les cultures pérennes et/ou pluriannuelles telles que la banane plantain dont le cycle cultural s’étale sur les deux saisons de pluies de l’année, dans les régions les plus affectées telles que celles du littoral et son arrière-pays.
Meta_Body
Authors: Carneiro de Sousa Catarina
Published: June 2015

This chapter discusses the Meta_Body participatory art project. Initiated in a collaborative virtual environment and in a “real life” art exhibition, it now continues in the metaverse creative flux. Meta_Body focuses on two aspects: first, the avatar as body/language, open to experimentation and potency; second, avatar building as a shared creative process and as aesthetical experience. Through the practice of avatar creation, distribution, embodiment and transformation, the artists aim to understand the processes of virtual corporeality constitution: to question the role of the body in virtual environment, its importance in engaging with the world and in self-expression, and explore its metaphorical aspects. The method used to implement this project is a shared creative process, in which multiple subjects come to be authors along different phases of the project. Through the embodiment and transformation of avatars, the artwork's aesthetical experience becomes a creative process.
Blended Reality Performance
Authors: Chafer Joff
Published: June 2015

This chapter focuses on the integration of live performance that blends virtual (avatars animated live in Second Life) and physical performers. To start with the author will briefly look at some of the ways practitioners have integrated and played with new technologies in performance. Following this a number of case studies that have explored this blending of the physical and the virtual will be examined. This will then be followed by a discussion about the nature of this type of performance both from the point of view of physical performers and those performing with avatars.
Conditional Deletion of NF-κB–Inducing Kinase (NIK) in Adult Mice Disrupts Mature B Cell Survival and Activation
Authors: Brightbill Hans D. , Jackman Janet K. , Suto Eric , Kennedy Heather , Jones Charles , Chalasani Sreedevi , Lin Zhonghua , Tam Lucinda , Roose-Girma Meron , Balazs Mercedesz , Austin Cary D. , Lee Wyne P. , Wu Lawren C.
Published: June 2015

NF-κB–inducing kinase (NIK) is a primary regulator of the noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathway, which plays a vital role downstream of BAFF, CD40L, lymphotoxin, and other inflammatory mediators. Germline deletion or inactivation of NIK in mice results in the defective development of B cells and secondary lymphoid organs, but the role of NIK in adult animals has not been studied. To address this, we generated mice containing a conditional allele of NIK. Deletion of NIK in adult mice results in decreases in B cell populations in lymph nodes and spleen, similar to what is observed upon blockade of BAFF. Consistent with this, B cells from mice in which NIK is acutely deleted fail to respond to BAFF stimulation in vitro and in vivo. In addition, mice with induced NIK deletion exhibit a significant decrease in germinal center B cells and serum IgA, which is indicative of roles for NIK in additional pathways beyond BAFF signaling. Our conditional NIK-knockout mice may be broadly useful for assessing the postdevelopmental and cell-specific roles of NIK and the noncanonical NF-κB pathway in mice.
Properdin Contributes to Allergic Airway Inflammation through Local C3a Generation
Authors: Wang Yuan , Miwa Takashi , Ducka-Kokalari Blerina , Redai Imre G. , Sato Sayaka , Gullipalli Damodar , Zangrilli James G. , Haczku Angela , Song Wen-Chao
Published: June 2015

Complement is implicated in asthma pathogenesis, but its mechanism of action in this disease remains incompletely understood. In this study, we investigated the role of properdin (P), a positive alternative pathway complement regulator, in allergen-induced airway inflammation. Allergen challenge stimulated P release into the airways of asthmatic patients, and P levels positively correlated with proinflammatory cytokines in human bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). High levels of P were also detected in the BAL of OVA-sensitized and challenged but not naive mice. Compared with wild-type (WT) mice, P-deficient (P−/−) mice had markedly reduced total and eosinophil cell counts in BAL and significantly attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness to methacholine. Ab blocking of P at both sensitization and challenge phases or at challenge phase alone, but not at sensitization phase alone, reduced airway inflammation. Conversely, intranasal reconstitution of P to P−/− mice at the challenge phase restored airway inflammation to wild-type levels. Notably, C3a levels in the BAL of OVA-challenged P−/− mice were significantly lower than in wild-type mice, and intranasal coadministration of an anti-C3a mAb with P to P−/− mice prevented restoration of airway inflammation. These results show that P plays a key role in allergen-induced airway inflammation and represents a potential therapeutic target for human asthma.
Spred1, a Suppressor of the Ras–ERK Pathway, Negatively Regulates Expansion and Function of Group 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
Authors: Suzuki Mayu , Morita Rimpei , Hirata Yasuko , Shichita Takashi , Yoshimura Akihiko
Published: June 2015

Cytokines from group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) have been implicated in acute allergic responses, such as papain-induced lung inflammation. However, the means of homeostatic regulation of ILC2s have not been established. In this study, we demonstrated that Spred1, a negative regulator of the Ras–ERK pathway, plays an important role in the proliferation and apoptosis of ILC2s and in cytokine secretion from ILC2s. Intranasal administration of papain stimulated IL-5 and IL-13 production in the lung, which was enhanced when Spred1 was deleted. In vitro, Spred1−/− ILC2s proliferated faster than wild type ILC2s did and produced higher levels of cytokines in response to IL-33. On the contrary, a MEK inhibitor suppressed ILC2 proliferation and cytokine production. Spred1 deficiency resulted in stabilization of GATA3, which has been shown to play essential roles in the maintenance and cytokine production of ILC2. These data suggest that Spred1 negatively regulates ILC2 development and functions through the suppression of the Ras–ERK pathway.
The Crucifix, the Pietà, and the Female Mystic:
Authors: Varnam Laura
Published: June 2015

Focusing on The Book of Margery Kempe, this article argues that devotional objects such as the crucifix and the pietà functioned as a model for the performance of religious identity. Reading devotional objects as devotional “events,” using material culture and performance theory, the article will demonstrate that pastoral care texts and religious lyrics created an expectation that an encounter with a devotional object could be a powerful opportunity for religious self-fashioning. This was an opportunity that was available to Lollard as well as orthodox devotees and which, I will argue, was especially efficacious for laywomen. A detailed examination of Margery Kempe's encounter with the pietà and her experience in the house of a poor woman in Rome additionally reveals that such performances established female communities that operated outside of ecclesiastical control and renegotiated the contours of sacred space.
Multimodel evaluation of cloud phase transition using satellite and reanalysis data
Authors: Cesana G. , Waliser D. E. , Jiang X. , Li J.‐L. F.
Published: June 2015

We take advantage of climate simulations from two multimodel experiments to characterize and evaluate the cloud phase partitioning in 16 general circulation models (GCMs), specifically the vertical structure of the transition between liquid and ice in clouds. We base our analysis on the ratio of ice condensates to the total condensates (phase ratio, PR). Its transition at 90% (PR90) and its links with other relevant variables are evaluated using the GCM‐Oriented Cloud‐Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation Cloud Product climatology, reanalysis data, and other satellite observations. In 13 of 16 models, the PR90 transition height occurs too low (6 km to 8.4 km) and at temperatures too warm (−13.9°C to −32.5°C) compared to observations (8.6 km, −33.7°C); features consistent with a lack of supercooled liquid with respect to ice above 6.5 km. However, this bias would be slightly reduced by using the lidar simulator. In convective regimes (more humid air and precipitation), the observed cloud phase transition occurs at a warmer temperature than for subsidence regimes (less humid air and precipitation). Only few models manage to roughly replicate the observed correlations with humidity (5/16), vertical velocity (5/16), and precipitation (4/16); 3/16 perform well for all these parameters (MPI‐ESM, NCAR‐CAM5, and NCHU). Using an observation‐based Clausius‐Clapeyron phase diagram, we illustrate that the Bergeron‐Findeisen process is a necessary condition for models to represent the observed features. Finally, the best models are those that include more complex microphysics.