bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ON ENTIRE SOLUTIONS OF FERMAT TYPE PARTIAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS
Authors: LI BAO QIN
Published: July 2004

We shall consider Fermat type partial differential equations in Cn, and give description and classification for entire solutions of the equations.
A KISHIMOTO TYPE THEOREM FOR ANTIAUTOMORPHISMS WITH SOME APPLICATIONS
Authors: HAYASHI TOMOHIRO
Published: July 2004

We will show that an antiautomprphism satisfies a Kishimoto type theorem. As an application, we can show Glimm type theorem for transpositions.
ABOUT THE QWEP CONJECTURE
Authors: OZAWA NARUTAKA
Published: July 2004

This is a detailed survey on the QWEP conjecture and Connes' embedding problem. Most of contents are taken from Kirchberg's paper [Invent. Math. 112 (1993)].
AC-SUSCEPTIBILITY AND TRANSPORT PHENOMENA OF (Bi;Pb):2223 SUPERCONDUCTORS DOPED WITH RARE EARTH IONS
Authors: ILONCA G. , POP A. V. , LUNG C. , TOMA V. , BEIUSANU F. , MACOCIAN E. , PATAPIS S. , YANG T. R.
Published: July 2004

The effect of partial substitution of Ca by Eu , Sm and Er on the structural, transport and magnetic properties of ( Bi 1.6 Pb 0.4) Sr 2( Ca 1-x RE x)2 Cu 3 O y superconductors ceramics (0≤x≤0.025) have been investigated. The substitution of Eu , Sm and Er at the Ca site induced the decrease of the volume fraction for the 2223 phase and the increase of 2212 and 2201 phase volume fractions. The rate of depression for the critical temperature in x=0.015 samples found to be nearly the same for all of these substitutions. The nature of T c suppression may be attributed to the increase of oxygen content in Bi 2 O 2 double layers with increasing Eu , Sm and Er concentrations. The samples shows a linear dependence of intergranular temperature as a function of AC field amplitude, which is in agreement with Muller critical state model.
CHARACTERIZATION OF NANOMETRIC QUANTUM WELLS IN SEMICONDUCTOR HETEROSTRUCTURES BY OPTICAL SPECTROSCOPY
Authors: LAURETO E. , VASCONCELLOS A. R. , MENESES E. A. , LUZZI R.
Published: July 2004

Quantum wells with fractal-like interfaces arise in the growth of semiconductor heterostructures. Such fractal characteristics largely influence the optical and transport properties in these constrained geometries. We report a systematic study of growth through the study of optical properties. The spectra obtained show "anomalous behavior", whose characteristics depends on the growth procedure. The theoretical analysis was performed resorting to an unconventional statistical-mechanical formalism. It allows one to correlate growth conditions with surface roughness, and to determine their influence on experimental results, allowing one to obtain a picture of the physics involved in such systems.
TRIGGERED STOP-AND-GO TRAFFIC IN A CONTINUUM MODEL
Authors: HUANG DING-WEI
Published: July 2004

The triggered stop-and-go traffic states are investigated within the hydrodynamic approach. The detailed phase boundaries are obtained. Spatial–temporal profile of the congestion is analyzed. The smooth tail of the density profile provides a characteristic mechanism to trigger subsequent traffic jams.
SPIN FLUCTUATION EFFECTS IN SUPERCONDUCTING MAGNETIC ALLOYS
Authors: MONDAL A. K. , ROY S. K.
Published: July 2004

A theoretical model for finite impurity concentration is proposed to evaluate the superconducting parameters of three binary alloys Ni – Zr , Co – Zr and Fe – Zr . The influence of spin fluctuations on the electron–phonon parameter and transition temperature are also evaluated for these alloys within the Zr -concentration range 0.50<x<0.70. The results obtained using a modified form of McMillan equation and local phonon modes lead to a closer agreement between the experimental and theoretical values indicating a possibility of phase transition.
ELECTRONIC LOCALIZATION PROPERTIES OF A DOUBLE STRAND OF DNA: A SIMPLE MODEL WITH LONG-RANGE CORRELATED HOPPING DISORDER
Authors: YAMADA HIROAKI
Published: July 2004

Localization property in the disordered few-chain DNA systems with a long-range correlation is numerically investigated. We apply the chain system with the correlated disorder in the interchain and/or intrachain hoppings to the simple model of a double strand of DNA. Numerical results for the density of states and the Lyapunov exponent of the wave function in the two- or three-chain models are given. It is found that the correlation effect enhances the localization length (the inverse least non-negative Lyapunov exponent) around the band center.
RELATIVISTIC MODEL OF TWO-BAND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY IN (2 + 1)-DIMENSION
Authors: OHSAKU TADAFUMI
Published: July 2004

We investigate the relativistic model of superconductivity in (2 + 1)-dimension. We employ the massless Gross–Neveu model at finite temperature and density, to study the superconductivity and superconducting instability. Our investigation is related to the superconductivity in (2 + 1)-dimensional two-band systems like MgB2 or intercalated graphite.
EFFECT OF PLASMA OXIDE SURFACE COATING OF ELECTRODES ON IMPURITY LEVEL AND PLASMA PARAMETERS
Authors: QAYYUM A. , SHAN S. ALI , ZAKAULLAH M. , WAHEED A.
Published: July 2004

Spectroscopic measurements are carried out to investigate the effect of plasma oxide surface coating of electrodes on impurity concentration and plasma parameters (electron temperature and density). Optical spectra (380–700) emitted from argon glow discharge plasma are recorded as a function of plasma oxidation time of electrodes. Emission intensity of the selected aluminum lines is measured as a function of electrodes oxidation time to study its effect on impurity concentration. Significant decrease in the impurity concentration is observed due to plasma oxide surface coating. The electron temperature is deduced from the ratio of Ar-I emission lines whereas the electron density is determined from the ratio of Ar-I and Ar-II emission lines. Both the electron temperature and density are found to increase with plasma oxidation of electrodes.
STOCHASTIC RESONANCE IN THE ISING MODEL ON A BARABÁSI–ALBERT NETWORK
Authors: KRAWIECKI A.
Published: July 2004

Stochastic resonance is investigated in the Ising model with ferromagnetic coupling on a Barabási–Albert network, subjected to weak periodic magnetic field. Spectral power amplification as a function of temperature shows strong dependence on the number of nodes, which is related to the dependence of the critical temperature for the ferromagnetic phase transition, and on the frequency of the periodic signal. Double maxima of the spectral power amplification evaluated from the time-dependent magnetization are observed for intermediate frequencies of the periodic signal, which are also dependent on the number of nodes. In the thermodynamic limit, the height of the maxima decreases to zero and stochastic resonance disappears. Results of numerical simulations are in qualitative agreement with predictions of the linear response theory in the mean-field approximation.
PHOTON TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUE TO STUDY PHASE TRANSITIONS OF POLY(N-ISOPROPYLACRYLAMIDE) GELS
Authors: PEKCAN ÖNDER , KARA SELIM
Published: July 2004

Temperature sensitive PNIPA Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) gels were prepared by free-radical crosslinking copolymerization (FCC) of NIPA in the presence of various N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (Bis) contents in water. FCC were carried out separately at various onset temperatures, T on (20, 22 and 24°C) for each Bis content gel. The photon transmission technique was used to study the demixing processes of these PNIPA gels at various wavelengths (450, 500, 550, 600, 690 nm). During the phase transition experiments, the temperatures of the gel samples increased from 24°C to 38°C with 0.4°C/min rate. It was observed that transmitted photon intensities I tr decreased dramatically around 34°C for almost all gel samples prepared at various onset temperatures in different Bis contents. The decrease in I tr was attributed to the increase in scattered light intensity I sc during demixing process. The behavior of I sc was modeled using Rayleigh's equation where the inverse power of wavelength λ was measured to interpret the demixing in water–PNIPA gel system. It was observed that large clusters are formed above demixing temperature, T d and it was understood that the PNIPA gel prepared at high T on presents low T d values.
HOW TO READ A MOLECULAR CLOCK WITH SUB-FEMTOSECOND ACCURACY
Authors: TONG X. M. , LIN C. D.
Published: July 2004

We analyze the elementary processes leading to the double ionization of D2 molecules by a single femtosecond intense laser pulse. From the total kinetic energy release of the two D+ ions which exhibits distinct peaks depending on the laser intensity, pulse length and mean wavelength, we show that the double ionization of D2 by a short femtosecond laser pulse can serve as a molecular clock. We discuss how to read such a clock correctly and how to choose laser parameters so the clock can be read more accurately.
DECOHERENCE OF NUMBER STATES IN PHASE-SENSITIVE RESERVOIRS
Authors: SERAFINI A. , DE SIENA S. , ILLUMINATI F.
Published: July 2004

The non-unitary evolution of initial number states in general Gaussian environments is solved analytically. Decoherence in the channels is quantified by determining explicitly the purity of the state at any time. The influence of the squeezing of the bath on decoherence is discussed. The behavior of coherent superpositions of number states is addressed as well.
THEORY OF NONLINEAR MATTER WAVES IN OPTICAL LATTICES
Authors: BRAZHNYI V. A. , KONOTOP V. V.
Published: July 2004

We consider several effects of the matter wave dynamics which can be observed in Bose–Einstein condensates embedded into optical lattices. For low-density condensates, we derive approximate evolution equations, the form of which depends on relation among the main spatial scales of the system. Reduction of the Gross–Pitaevskii equation to a lattice model (the tight-binding approximation) is also presented. Within the framework of the obtained models, we consider modulational instability of the condensate, solitary and periodic matter waves, paying special attention to different limits of the solutions, i.e. to smooth movable gap solitons and to strongly localized discrete modes. We also discuss how the Feshbach resonance, a linear force and lattice defects affect the nonlinear matter waves.
NONLINEAR DYNAMICS OF GLYCOLYSIS
Authors: KAR SANDIP , RAY DEB SHANKAR
Published: July 2004

Glycolysis is the most important cellular process yielding ATP, the universal energy carrier molecule in all living organisms. The characteristic oscillations of the intermediates of glycolysis have been the subject of extensive experimental and theoretical research over the last four decades. A conspicuous property of the glycolytic oscillations is their critical control by the substrate injection rate. In this brief review, we trace its experimental background and explore the essential underlying theoretical models to elucidate a number of nonlinear dynamical phenomena observed in the weak noise limit of the substrate injection rate. Simultaneous oscillations of glycolytic intermediates and insulin have also been discussed within the framework of a phenomenological model in the context of basic experimental issues.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RESPONSE TO HIGH DC ELECTRIC FIELD IN A LARGE TEMPERATURE RANGE FOR K0.3MoO3
Authors: LI HUI , WANG JUNFENG , XIONG RUI , YI FAN , TANG WUFENG , YU ZUXING , SHI JING
Published: July 2004

We investigated the response of K 0.3 MoO 3 to high dc electric field in a large temperature range 14–95 K. The remarkable switching from insulating to highly conducting state was observed at 14–75 K. The second threshold field for the switching takes a minimum value at around 50 K. In the highly conducting state, the conductance displays a novel linear correlation to the applied electric field. We also compared the I–E characteristic obtained in the constant-voltage condition and the constant-current condition, which show distinct differential resistances.
GLASS FORMING ABILITY AND KINETIC CHARACTERS OF PARAMAGNETIC Nd60Co40-xAlx(x=5, 10, 15) BULK METALLIC GLASSES
Authors: XIA L. , DONG Y. D.
Published: July 2004

Paramagnetic Nd 60 Co 40-x Al x(x=5, 10, 15) bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) were prepared in the shape of rods 2 mm in diameter by suction casting. The ternary alloys have shown distinct glass transitions in Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) measurements and excellent glass-forming ability. The glass transition and crystallization behaviors as well as their kinetics have been studied. The reduced glass transition temperature and the supercooled liquid region of the alloys were found to increase with the increasing content of Al . The role of Al was discussed. The parameter γ defined by Liu et al. was employed to discuss the glass-forming ability of the alloys and the critical cooling rates as well as the critical section thickness of the alloys were predicted accordingly.
Constructing verified and reliable communications processing systems
Authors: Good Donald I.
Published: July 2004

A comprehensive methodology that has been developed for constructing verifiably reliable and secure computing systems is summarized. The methodology can be applied to many different kinds of systems, but is specifically oriented toward communications processing systems. The methodology is a system of methods for attaining total system reliability and is based on constructing verified software and highly reliable hardware. The methodology has been formulated by bringing a diversity of advanced research concepts to bear on the real problems of communications systems. This has led to the development and integration of* program specification methods* program proof methods* program validation methods* a program design language* a program design system* hardware designs to support verified software* hardware reliability analysis and enhancement methods into a coherent methodology for constructing verifiably reliable and secure systems. The methodology has been successfully applied to the experimental design of a secure message switching system structured as a packet-switched computer network.
Psychosocial implications of computer software development and use
Authors: Neumann Peter G.
Published: July 2004

This paper considers both software development and computer system use from the viewpoint of the human effort involved. It attempts to identify various factors contributing to the successful development and use of computer programs and systems. For example, the "software factory" notion itself can become a large part of the problem unless considered thoughtfully. Various recommendations are made for increasing human productivity in this context.
The smart stub as a software management tool
Authors: Reifer Donald J.
Published: July 2004

This note explains how the smart stub concept (also called a performance stub) can be used by management to improve its visibility and control during the top-down development of large, complex structured programming projects. Presently, program stubs are dummy segments of code that serve as place holders for lower level modules not yet completed as part of the present build. Smart stubs augment these dummies with segments of code that model the budgeted storage and timing resources that will be consumed by the to-be-completed module. How smart stubs can be integrated into the top-down, structured programming methodology to provide early visibility is discussed.
Cost estimation models for reuse and prototype SW development life-cycles
Authors: Balda D. , Gustafson D. A.
Published: July 2004

The Cocomo cost estimation model was developed to estimate the cost of developing software utilizing the waterfall life-cycle model. The assumptions in the waterfall model account for many software development situations, but do not account for the actual development process when the requirements are known to be unstable or incomplete or when extensive code and design information are reused. The prototype and reuse life-cycle models, respectively, were developed to model these specific situations. The assumptions made by any life-cycle model directly influence its cost estimation model; therefore, when the life-cycle model is inappropriate, its cost estimation model is also inappropriate. This makes the Cocomo cost estimation model inadequate for estimating development effort for software developed utilizing the prototype or reuse software development life-cycle models. Two cost estimation models, one for the prototype software life-cycle model and one for the reuse software life-cycle model, are presented. Each cost estimation model is derived from the basic Cocomo model and modified to fit the characteristics of its respective life-cycle model.
Elements for a course on the design of distributed algorithms
Authors: Plouzeau N. , Raynal M.
Published: July 2004

Sequential algorithms design and operating system principles have always been fundamental courses in any computer science curriculum. Protocols are now a well established discipline, and parallelism and concurrency issues are becoming more and more popular in academic courses. Along these guidelines distributed algorithms have now emerged as a proper topic of computer science; studying them demands some prerequisite on algorithms, parallelism and protocols but they cannot themselves be reduced to these three domains.In this paper we present elements for a course on the design of distributed algorithms performing common operating system services. The fundamental aspects of this course lie in teaching the students that no global state can be instantaneously caught because of the asynchronism of the processes and message transmission delays. We state basis problems addressed during the lecture (mutual exclusion, rendezvous implementation, snapshot computation, network traversals and distributed evaluation of predicates) and present how students are faced with distributed problems in practical classes, using a distributed memory parallel machine to implement their solutions.
Microcode simulator for Apple Macintosh
Authors: Fuller Roy
Published: July 2004

No fewer than three microcode simulators have been described in this bulletin since 1987. Carlson's [1] runs on an IBM mainframe, Donaldson's [3] on DOS machines and Dunworth's [4] on DOS or unix machines. All have a traditional textual interface. We wanted a visual interface that would display a circuit diagram (figure 1) and let a user follow the execution of a microprogram by watching the action of the gates. The first version became operational in the fall of 1990 and has survived two academic years of use by undergraduates.Microcode has traditionally been written using an obtuse mnemonic with such instructions as "a=7, b=3, ab, add, ramf, mar=y". We did not want students to have to contend with that kind of syntax, so our users write microcode by responding to a series of
dialogs
. The user makes a choice either by the "point and click" technique or by typing a keystroke equivalent. For example, the keystroke corresponding to the addition operation is "+".When the input #1 dialog comes up, the user can put register 7 on input bus "a" by typing "7". Keystrokes are buffered, allowing "power programmers" to type as fast as they wish. The dialogs can keep up with most programmers on any of the various Mac-II models. Even on the slower Mac SE, the standard sequence of eight dialogues can be completed in approximately four seconds, which is considerably less time than it takes to flawlessly type "a=7, b=3, ab, add, ramf, mar=y". After two years of field testing, several improvements suggested by students have been incorporated into the editor. Students, with the exceptions of a few intransigent DOS zealots, are now generally satisfied with the operation of the microcode editor.
Microcode simulation in the computer architecture course
Authors: Foley Dave
Published: July 2004

There is no doubt that the most difficult topic to teach in a Computer Architecture and Organization course is microprogramming. In this paper the author describes a Pascal programming project in which the students write a simulator for a microprogram. The project has been assigned several times with very satisfying results for both the instructor and the students.
A conceptual framework for evolving software processes
Authors: Conradi Reidar , Fernström Christer , Fuggetta Alfonso
Published: July 2004

Software processes are complex entities that may last for long periods of time and are carried out through the interaction of humans and computerized tools. They need to continuously evolve in order to cope with different kinds of changes or customizations both in the organization and in the technologies used to support software production activities.In recent years, many software process support technologies have been developed, and have currently been further extended and used in trial projects. Moreover, some research prototypes have generated commercial products, that are marketed and currently used in industrial organizations. Despite these significant efforts and results, however, there is still little conceptual characterization and assessment of the properties of software processes and related support environments. It is difficult to compare and assess existing approaches. Even a common characterization of the problems to be addressed seems to be problematic and difficult to achieve. This is particularly true when we consider the process evolution problem, for which it does not seem that a common view of the issue has been established yet.This paper aims at proposing a conceptual framework to describe and assess flexible and evolving software processes. It is based on the assumption that a software process is composed of two main components: a
software production process
to carry out software production activities, and a
software meta-process
to improve and evolve the whole software process.The general requirements and properties of the process domain are first discussed, and the meta-process concept is introduced. Then, we discuss several process related concepts and, in particular, the relationship between the meta-process and the rest of the software process. Methods and technologies needed to support the meta-process are highlighted and discussed. Finally, we apply the resulting framework to an example, in order to show the potential and expected benefits of the proposed approach.
Software environments for computer aided education
Authors: Gueraud V. , Cagnat J. P. , David J. P. , Pernin J. P.
Published: July 2004

In the first part, we describe an example of an hypermedia tool for education, the Arcade laboratory. It illustrates our ideas about how to offer complementary resources to both teacher and student.In the second part, we analyze two kinds of production environment. The first one (Smalltalk) is based on the object-oriented approach: it reduces production work by making it easy to reuse predefined components, but it requires a good programming ability. The second one uses hypermedia software (HyperCard, ToolBook): it lets users produce small applications, even with a very minimal programming ability.In the last part, we describe our approach to improve both kinds of environment. Our final objective is to provide teachers with simple tools to adapt existing applications, or even to create new ones, so that they may easily integrate computer aided education in their daily practices.
Experiences in teaching parallel computing—five years later
Authors: Schaller Nan C. , Kitchen Andrew T.
Published: July 2004

Since 1990, the Computer Science Department at Rochester Institute of Technology has offered a concentration in parallel computing. This concentration is available both to undergraduates and to students studying for the masters degree.This paper documents our experiences with the selection of hardware and software to support our parallel computing program. We describe our concentration, and we report on the networking established between Rochester Institute of Technology and other colleges and universities, designed to provide support for educators who are attempting to introduce parallel computing into their curricula. Finally, we look at what we might do differently if we were starting today.
Using CASE to get to maintenance
Authors: McKenzie Peter
Published: July 2004

This paper claims that traditional computing courses do not provide emphasis and practical work on systems maintenance. Yet research shows that maintenance cost are the largest part of the software lifecycle. The paper suggests some reasons why maintenance is not more widely taught such as: students must first be familiar with the language; and they must have good design skills. These reasons suggest that maintenance could only fit into the upper optional levels of a computing course. This paper suggest that by using a CASE tool, maintenance could be taught at lower levels. Some examples of aspects of maintenance are included.
Teaching virtual reality
Authors: Bell D. H.
Published: July 2004

This paper reports on the design and implementation of a two-semester course on Virtual Reality (VR). The course is aimed at final year undergraduates on programmes leading to specialist degrees such as Information Technology, Software Engineering, Computer Studies, Business Information Systems.Entitled "VR - implementation and applications", the course embraces novel devices, interfacing, software toolkits, graphics algorithms, system evaluation, technology prediction, Human Computer Interaction (HCI), social, psychological and philosophical aspects.The course focuses on the evaluation of current and expected technology and on the assessment of current and future applications in its complete variety. It thereby encompasses transferable skills in the mainstream areas of technology evaluation, system evaluation.This paper reviews the aims of the course, the curriculum content, a novel learning approach, assessment and an evaluation of the course.
Review of the environments symposium
Authors: Reed K
Published: July 2004

This Report deals with the recent Software Development Environment symposium, examining what were, in the author's view, the significant papers, and issues which arose during the panel sessions. It also comments on some aspects of SDE design, and the absence of "hard" data on the effectiveness of SDEs presented during the symposium.
A first course in programming
Authors: Bell Doug , Scott Peter
Published: July 2004

Many of us have grappled with the design of a first course in programming - what language to use, how to sequence topics, how to encourage practical experience, how to assess. This paper explains the rationale behind a course that has matured over several years, and that we feel is sucessful.
Constructivism in computer science education
Authors: Ben-Ari Mordechai
Published: July 2004

Constructivism is a theory of learning which claims that students construct knowledge rather than merely receive and store knowledge transmitted by the teacher. Constructivism has been extremely influential in science and mathematics education, but not in computer science education (CSE). This paper surveys constructivism in the context of CSE, and shows how the theory can supply a theoretical basis for debating issues and evaluating proposals.
Using the Internet to teach the Internet
Authors: Marshall David
Published: July 2004

In recent years a methodology for Courseware design together with a number of Web based courses have been developed at Cardiff. A variety of disciplines have benefited notably C programming, X Window/Motif programming, Computer Vision, Image Processing, Computer Graphics, Artificial Intelligence and Parallel Computing. The range of provision of on-line support included access to lecture notes, exercises and their solutions to more interactive packages suited primarily for teaching and demonstration packages.This last academic year a totally new course, Internet Computing, was introduced as a first year undergraduate course at the University. This paper details the implementation of this new course within the courseware design methodologies already developed at Cardiff. In particular, it highlights some interactive features used to illustrate parts of the course and also how automated feedback and marking have been incorporated into the courseware.
The eight-minute halting problem
Authors: Myers J. Paul
Published: July 2004

After years of presumed emphasis of CS theory in the curriculum, it is currently in vogue to downplay, if not disparage, a significant role for theoretical issues. This is being done with such vigor, however, that some are advocating an abandonment of even such topics as unsolvability as being no longer fundamental to a well-educated computing professional. An appeal is made, using the universal acknowledgment of the importance of the liberal arts to any well-educated person, to assert that certain theoretical topics are part of our liberal arts heritage. Moreover, students find even a brief presentation of these topics to be very illuminating.
International workshop on large-scale software composition
Authors: Keller Rudolf K. , Laguë Bruno , Schauer Reinhard
Published: July 2004

This report summarizes the International Workshop on Large-Scale Software Composition held at the University of Vienna, Austria, on August 28, 1998 in conjunction with the Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'98) conference. An overall forty people attended the workshop consisting of seven presentations and plenary discussions. In the following, we outline the presentations and subsequent discussions in the four workshop sessions, which included Setting the Stage, Component Modeling, Migration towards Components, and Component-based Modelling of Distributed Systems. The workshop report can be found at .
An object-oriented data framework for virtual environments with hierarchical modeling
Authors: Xiaoguang Zhu , Dongmu Wang , Bingrong Hong
Published: July 2004

Virtual reality technology, which is cyberspace composed of multimedia, is a field of comprehensive technology. It is of three basic feathers, namely, interaction, immersion and imagination so that we have to cope with the need for extremely large data sets, massive amounts of computation, and high-throughput networking. This paper presents an approach for object-oriented data modeling framework of complicated virtual environments. The paper discusses the hierarchical decomposition of objects in virtual environments and reuse of these object data libraries to constitute model of virtual environments. This modeling approach used in the paper makes sure that modeling data can be inherited, modularized, maintained easily so as to control redundant data and reduce the software development time, at the same time, realizes dynamic behaviors of objects to meet the needs of some changes of virtual environments.
The state of reuse
Authors: Edwards Stephen H.
Published: July 2004

The Ninth Workshop on Institutionalizing Software Reuse (WISR9) was held January 7-9, 1999, bringing together established reuse researchers from academia and industry. On the first day of the workshop, a survey was taken to collect feedback about the reuse community's collective beliefs and disagreements. Preliminary results were then shared with the participants during the last plenary session of the workshop. This article presents the results of the survey, which capture the opinions of an important segment of the reuse community.
RIT's BS program in software engineering
Authors: Lutz Michael J. , Naveda J. Fernando
Published: July 2004

In the fall of 1996, the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT) enrolled the first students in its undergraduate software engineering program. To the best of our knowledge, this was the first program in the U.S. leading to a Bachelor of Science in Software Engineering. This note is meant to apprise the readers of SEN of both the existence and current status of our program, and to contribute to the on-going conversation vis-à-vis the proper education of professional software developers.
The surprising dynamics of a simple year 2000 bug
Authors: Prechelt Lutz
Published: July 2004

These are the reactions (and an analysis of their reasons) of a very simple program containing a rather simple form of century-dependent code. These reactions are extremely surprising and emerge from an interesting daisy-chain of effects.
17,500 software patents to issue in 1998
Authors: Aharonian Greg
Published: July 2004

Based on an analysis of 3336 software patents issued circa January/August of 1998, I have put together the following statistics. Simply put, in 1998 and 1999 the PTO will issue 40,000 software patents, ten times the amount issued six years earlier in 1992 and 1993, without ten times the resources.
Does it help to have some programming experience before beginning a computing degree program?
Authors: Hagan Dianne , Markham Selby
Published: July 2004

There is an intuitive perception that students with prior programming experience have an initial advantage in an introductory programming course, but that this advantage may decrease over the duration of the course if the style of programming is different from what the student has learnt previously. This paper reports on a study that indicates that students who have experience in at least one programming language at the beginning of an introductory programming course perform significantly better in the assessment than those with none, and that the more languages with which a student has experience, the better the performance tends to be.
A pedagogical framework for introducing Java I/O in CS1
Authors: Grissom Scott
Published: July 2004

The role of Java for teaching CS1 has received considerable attention. A common concern of many educators is that the Java I/O paradigm is too challenging for novice programmers and that significant time must be devoted to the subject. This additional time may take away from the traditional CS1 content. Four strategies for teaching Java I/O in CS1 are reviewed herein. Text-based versus GUI-based applications represent the two extremes. Advantages and disadvantages are provided for each approach. A description of preliminary work to develop a Java package that makes implementing GUI applications simple is given, with the objective of preparing students for the eventual transition to the Java AWT.
Joint session computer science and engineering education
Authors: Jehn L. A.
Published: July 2004

The discussion centered on the needs of engineering students in the field of computer science. It was generally agreed that their curriculum should include an introduction to a higher level language such as Fortran taught with an algorithmetic approach, and an introduction to numerical methods with emphasis on proper use of subroutines. It was strongly recommended by the group that simulation and mathematical modeling, statistics, and analog computation be included. Many felt that some basic concepts of an assembler language as related to mini-computers was important. The group was unanimous in the opinion that computer science subject matter should be taught by those trained in the field, but in all cases the courses should be structured so as to be user oriented. It was strongly recommended that CoED form a committee to study this need and make recommendations to the engineering and computer science educators.
An informal survey of computer science coursesr
Authors: Abbott Russell J.
Published: July 2004

Recently, I surveyed the undergraduate and graduate offerings in Computer Science of a number of universities. The catalogs surveyed were all recent -- no more than three years old. The universities were selected solely on the basis of the local availability of their catalogs.
A comparison of object-oriented and structured development methods
Authors: Loy Patrick H.
Published: July 2004

The significance of "object-oriented" as a development method, and the current confusion over the term are addressed. A set of characteristics is proposed as a basis for agreement on a definition of the term. Object-oriented development is compared to the "structured techniques," and work in progress on integrating the two methods is reviewed. Practical recommendations on assessing the importance of object-oriented development are given.
Computer systems “conference” for teaching communication skills
Authors: Norris Cindy , Wilkes James
Published: July 2004

In an effort to improve the communication skills of students, many universities are requiring computer science educators to include writing and speaking components in their courses. This paper describes an alternative to the classic term paper assignment. A "student conference" approach has been successfully employed in a junior-level computer systems course for five semesters. Each student performs an implementation and experimental study, then writes a research-style technical paper on this work. Students also participate in an anonymous review process, revise their own papers, and make oral presentations of their work. The structure of this conference approach, representative assignments, and observations are presented.
Sim
Authors: Gitchell David , Tran Nicholas
Published: July 2004

We describe the design and implementation of a program called sim to measure similarity between two C computer programs. It is useful for detecting plagiarism among a large set of homework programs. This software is part of a project to construct tools to assist the teaching of computer science.
Experience teaching Z with tool and web support
Authors: Bowen Jonathan P.
Published: July 2004

This short paper describes experiences of presenting the formal Z notation on one and later two course modules to computer science undergraduates, especially with respect to providing supporting web-based resources and using tool support. The modules were part of a more general course unit on formal methods.
Shortchanging the future of information technology
Authors: Balcita Angela M. , Carver Doris L. , Soffa Mary Lou
Published: July 2004

Building on ideas from a virtual workshop and additional input from the scientific community, the CISE Directorate at the National Science Foundation established the Information Technology Workforce Program (ITWF) in March 2000 to support a broad set of scientific research studies focused on the under-representation of women and minorities in the information technology workforce. In this paper, we explore various approaches that the funded researchers are taking to address the problem of women in information technology. We begin with a brief history of the ITWF, and then focus on some of the research projects in terms of their goals, approaches, and expected outcomes.
Women in computing history
Authors: Gürer Denise
Published: July 2004

Exciting inventions, innovative technology, human interaction, and intriguing politics fill computing history. However, the recorded history is mainly composed of male achievements and involvements, even though women have played substantial roles. This situation is not unusual. Most science fields are notorious for excluding, undervaluing, or overlooking the accomplishments of their female scientists [1, 16, 17, 22]. As J.A.N. Lee points out, it is up to the historians and others to remedy this imbalance (see this issue [14]). Some steps have been taken towards this goal through publishing biographies on women in technology [2, 5, 6, 8, 12, 13, 18, 20, 21, 23, 24], also see this issue [7], and through honoring the pioneers with various awards such as the GHC'97 Pioneering Awards (Figure 1), the WITI Hall of Fame, and the AWC Lovelace Award. A few online sites contain biographies of women in technology, shown in Table 1 below. However, even with these resources, many women who have contributed significantly to computer science are still to be discovered.
Animation of Java linked lists
Authors: Dershem Herbert L. , McFall Ryan L. , Uti Ngozi
Published: July 2004

Linked lists are an important component of the computer science curriculum. JVALL is a software package that provides an animation of linked list operations that is fully compatible with the Java LinkedList class. The animations are driven by a client program that can be either an applet or standalone application. It provides an effective way for students to learn, experiment with, and debug linked list based classes.
Teaching introductory Java through LEGO MINDSTORMS models
Authors: Barnes David J.
Published: July 2004

Innovative teachers are continually looking for creative ideas, both to get their ideas across and to hold the interest of their students. One of the latest trends is the use of LEGO® MINDSTORMS™ kits [9] in various computing courses. These kits allow a wide variety of physical models to be built, some of which may be programmed via the RCX™ processor integrated into them. Using its standard firmware, the RCX device may be programmed through several different specialist languages. However, the additional availability of bytecode-compatible replacement firmware for the RCX makes the use of Java™ as the programming language for it a particularly attractive approach. In this paper, we explore some of the issues associated with choosing to program MINDSTORMS models using Java within the context of an introductory programming course. In particular, we consider the impact on the material that is taught, and the use of an appropriate API to support an objects-early programming style.
Generating finite state machines from abstract state machines
Authors: Grieskamp Wolfgang , Gurevich Yuri , Schulte Wolfram , Veanes Margus
Published: July 2004

We give an algorithm that derives a finite state machine (FSM) from a given abstract state machine (ASM) specification. This allows us to integrate ASM specs with the existing tools for test case generation from FSMs. ASM specs are executable but have typically too many, often infinitely many states. We group ASM states into finitely many hyperstates which are the nodes of the FSM. The links of the FSM are induced by the ASM state transitions.
How many recursive calls does a recursive function make?
Authors: Robertson John S.
Published: July 2004

The calculation of the Fibonacci sequence using recursion gives rise to an interesting question: How many times does a recursive function call itself? This paper presents one way to examine this question using difference equations with initial conditions, or discrete dynamical systems (DDS). We show that there is a linear relationship between the Fibonacci numbers themselves and the number of recursive calls. This relationship generalizes to any type of DDS of second-order, and DDS of higher-order.
A placement examination for computer science II
Authors: Miller Nancy E. , Reese Donna S.
Published: July 2004

Students enrolling in Computer Science II at Mississippi State University (MSU) have widely varying backgrounds. Some have taken the prerequisite course at MSU, some have transferred from community colleges offering the prerequisite, and some are new graduate students with undergraduate deficiencies. Proper placement of students in the introductory courses is necessary to give those students with little background in object-oriented software development an opportunity for success, while challenging students who may have had substantial programming experience elsewhere. The Department has developed and tested a placement examination. The examination helps students decide if they should enroll in an introductory course that assumes some previous programming experience without object-oriented software development, or if they should begin in Computer Science II that assumes knowledge of C++ with object-oriented design. The score on the placement exam demonstrated predictive power when trying to distinguish, coarsely, between those students who will probably pass the Computer Science II course and those students who are at risk of failing the course.
Non-programming resources for an introduction to CS
Authors: Bergin Joseph , Kelemen Charles , McNally Myles , Naps Tom , Goldweber Mike , Power Chris , Hartley Stephen
Published: July 2004

Well constructed non-programming resources have proven invaluable in aiding students master introductory CS topics. Unfortunately, such resources are hard to identify and/or develop. A working group was convened concurrent with the ITiCSE 2000 conference to examine this issue. This paper, and an accompanying Web page (http://csis.pace.edu/~bergin/iticse2000) have therefore been developed to foster the development and distribution of resources that educators can use to introduce important introductory computer science topics without programming.
Apoo
Authors: Reis Rogério , Moreira Nelma
Published: July 2004

Teaching the very basic concepts of a computer architecture, instruction set and operation, based on a real micro-processor is usually an unfruitful task as the essential notions are obscured by the specific details of its architecture. A machine emulator has the benefit of providing a portable environment that can run in several platforms and that can be easily adapted for pedagogical purposes. In this work we present an environment for a first course in assembly language programming that aims to be a flexible and effective pedagogical tool.
Supporting aggregation in fine grained software configuration management
Authors: Chu-Carroll Mark C. , Wright James , Shields David
Published: July 2004

Fine-grained software configuration management offers substantial benefits for large-scale collaborative software development, enabling a variety of interesting and useful features including complexity management, support for aspect-oriented software development, and support for communication and coordination within software engineering teams, described in [4]. However, fine granularity by itself is not sufficient to achieve these benefits. Most of the benefits of fine granularity result from the ability to combine fine-grained artifacts in various ways: supporting multiple overlapping organizations of program source by combining fine-grained artifacts into virtual source files
(VSFs)
; supporting coordination by allowing developers to precisely mark the set of artifacts affected by a change; associating products from different phases of the development process; etc.In this paper, we describe how a general
aggregation
mechanism can be used to support the various functionality enabled by fine grained SCM. We present a set of requirements that an aggregation facility must provide in order to yield these benefits, and we provide a description of the implementation of such an aggregation system in our experimental SCM system.
A dynamic software metric and debugging tool
Authors: Aggarwal K. K. , Singh Yogesh , Chhabra Jitender Kumar
Published: July 2004

Most of the research in the area of software measurements has concentrated on the static nature of the software. But this paper tries to find out some metrics based on the dynamic properties of the software. This paper presents a technique for generating the information about the execution sequence of modules. This information is useful for improving efficiency, time management and better maintenance, and at the same time can be helpful in debugging also.
A brief history of the object-oriented approach
Authors: Capretz Luiz Fernando
Published: July 2004

Unlike other fads, the object-oriented paradigm is here to stay. The road towards an object-oriented approach is described and several object-oriented programming languages are reviewed. Since the object-oriented paradigm promised to revolutionize software development, in the 1990s, demand for object-oriented software systems increased dramatically; consequently, several methodologies have been proposed to support software development based on that paradigm. Also presented are a survey and a classification scheme for object oriented methodologies.