bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Electronic, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of Fe‐ or Co‐Doped 2D 2H‐CrSe2
Authors: Lan Qingwen , Ma Yihan , Qin Tian , Yang Lei , Chen Changpeng
Published: March 2023

The effect of substitution of Cr in 2H‐CrSe2 by Fe and Co on its electronic, optical, and magnetic properties is studied by first‐principles density functional theory. Spin‐polarized semiconducting state is realized in CrSe2 by substitutional doping of Fe and Co, while a semimetallic state is obtained by Fe doping and the magnetic moment after Fe doping is 4.52 μB. On Co substitution, it is observed that the system presents metallic properties, with relatively low light absorption and reflectance, and good transparency. The magnetic moment after Co doping is 2.71 μB. The absorption coefficient of CrSe2 to visible light increases with the doping of Fe and Co, and the peak value is redshifted, which is conducive to the further application of CrSe2 in the field of optoelectronics.
Blockchain for social good and stakeholder engagement: Evidence from a case study
Authors: Sansone Giuliano , Santalucia Flavio , Viglialoro Davide , Landoni Paolo
Published: March 2023

Blockchain is a promising and emerging technology. Despite the number of studies on the subject, several studies require further exploration of the relationship between blockchain and social innovation. Moreover, there is an increasing interest in social entrepreneurship and in how technical solutions may address social or environmental issues. Hence, this work aims at understanding how a venture can apply blockchain technology for social good. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on a case study and builds on stakeholder theory as a theoretical background. The case study under review is a social venture working on Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) number 10. Our findings present four peculiarities of blockchain for social good: (i) reliability, (ii) transparency, (iii) decentralization, and (iv) accessibility. Moreover, the present study develops a framework on blockchain for social good based on the possible stakeholders' involvement. Finally, four challenges related to blockchain for social good are presented and discussed.
Temperature and time after urine collection affect the detection of phenethylamine, a substance prohibited in sports
Authors: Nara Akina , Nakajima Rie , Yamada Chiho , Suyama Manami , Kozakai Yu , Yoshida Masaki , Iwahara Kaori , Takagi Tetsuya
Published: March 2023

2‐Phenylethylamine (phenethylamine) and its derivatives are stimulant drugs, which are prohibited in sports because of their potential performance‐enhancing properties. If phenethylamine is detected in an athlete's urine, the athlete may be subjected to serious sanctions, such as disqualification for both domestic and international competitions. Given the serious consequences athletes face for phenethylamine detection, great care should be taken to avoid false positive tests. In forensic medicine, it is widely known that phenethylamine is produced by putrefactive bacteria in autopsy urine samples; it is possible that this process could also occur in an athlete's urine sample without proper storage. In this study, human urine samples were stored at −20, 4, or 22°C for 14 days, and phenethylamine in the samples was quantitatively analyzed using ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. No phenethylamine was detected in urine samples stored at −20°C throughout 14‐day period. Nevertheless, phenethylamine was detected after 6 days in these samples stored at 4°C and after only 1 day in samples stored at 22°C. Additionally, the concentration of phenethylamine in these samples increased each day after detection. These results suggest that urine samples should be stored immediately at −20°C after collection when testing athletes for phenethylamine, especially if the sample must be stored for extended period before testing.
Orthophosphate fluxes in scattered trees from fragmented Andean landscapes highlight a biogeochemical role of foliar traits in pioneer species
Authors: Vásquez‐Sogamoso Santiago , Villegas Juan Camilo , Suescún Diego
Published: March 2023

Highly diverse neotropical ecosystems exhibit a natural limitation of phosphorus in the soil, sufficient to limit productivity and structure. This is more pronounced in Andean ecosystems, with high forest fragmentation and forest loss rates aggravating the effect. Previous studies have highlighted the importance of precipitation and its interaction with the canopy on nutrient inputs into forests. However, few studies have quantified the potential effects of structural and morphological tree diversity on the dynamics of phosphorous inputs on these ecosystems. In this study, we determined the association between 12 morphological plant functional traits and the movement of water‐driven orthophosphate from the canopy into the soil in 20 individuals of five tree species, on single individuals scattered across a human‐disturbed montane landscape in the Colombian Andes: Croton magdalenensis, Andesanthus lepidotus, Vismia baccifera and Quercus humboldtii and a commonly planted exotic species Eucalyptus globulus. We quantified PO4‐P concentrations in precipitation, throughfall and stemflow in all trees for 14 isolated rainfall events. In general, our results show a general enrichment of PO4‐P concentration in the net precipitation after passing through tree canopies. One particular species, C. magdalenensis, an ecological pioneer, had notably higher values of PO4‐P concentration. This condition relates, potentially, to a particularly higher epiphyte load, high leaf area and high trichome density. This condition potentially facilitates biogeochemical exchange and improves ecological functions associated with early stages of forest recovery (where pioneer species dominate forest composition). Our results are particularly relevant given that the highest contributions of PO4‐P to the soil occur in native species, which become key structures in the recovery of fragmented Andean ecosystems.
Optimization of Transient Overvoltage Heat Dissipation Characteristics of New Energy Vehicle Precharge Resistors
Authors: Yu Siyong , Han Dong , Zhou Maolin , Zhu Lei , Gao Yanfei , He Weifeng , Cui GaoYu , Peng Tao
Published: March 2023

New energy vehicle (NEV) is a significant solution to the energy crisis and global warming. The promotion and widespread use of NEVs will depend on developing and modernizing their core technologies and components. As the three core systems of NEVs, the thermal management of the battery, motor, and electric control systems is increasingly essential. Herein, the precharge circuit's thermal management strategy is improved by studying the precharge resistor's thermal performance. Both intermittent and continuous high voltages are applied to the precharge resistor to study its temperature‐rising characteristics. It is demonstrated that thickening electrode can lengthen the precharge resistor's short‐circuit durability, increase its transient heat storage capacity during a short circuit of the precharge circuit, and reduce the maximum temperature of the resistor's shell and resistance wire. When the thickness is 3 mm, and the eccentricity is 18.5 mm, the heat storage capacity of the resistor under continuous high voltage can be increased by up to 82.32%, and that under intermittent high voltage can be increased by up to 52.92%.
Time and Potential‐Resolved Comparison of Copper Disc and Copper Nanoparticles for Electrocatalytic Hydrogenation of Furfural
Authors: Maselj Nik , Jovanovski Vasko , Ruiz-Zepeda Francisco , Finšgar Matjaž , Klemenčič Tamara , Trputec Jan , Kamšek Ana Rebeka , Bele Marjan , Hodnik Nejc , Jovanovič Primož
Published: March 2023

Herein, a comparative analysis of two case example catalysts for electrocatalytic hydrogenation (ECH) of furfural under acidic conditions, namely a copper polycrystalline disc and copper nanoparticles dispersed on carbon support, is performed. To gain a detailed insight on ECH trends, a task‐specific methodology is employed based on electrochemistry–mass spectrometry coupling, which enabled time‐ and potential‐resolved detection of volatile ECH products, i.e., 2‐methylfurane (2‐MF) and H2. In this way, the ability to elucidate potential‐dependent product distribution for the two catalysts, namely faradaic efficiency, is achieved. Accordingly, the nanoparticulate analog is significantly more active toward competitive hydrogen evolution reaction and 2‐MF production, whereas the polycrystalline sample is more selective toward furfuryl alcohol. The observed differences in ECH are ascribed to alterations in surface domains, which is supported by surface‐sensitive lead underpotential deposition characterization.
Highly Permeable Bucky Paper for the Gas Diffusion Layer of Fuel Cell Prepared by a Whole‐Process Solid Template Method
Authors: Li Wei , Wen Qinglin , Ning Fandi , Dan Xiong , He Can , Li Yali , Pan Saifei , Zhou Xiaochun
Published: March 2023

Due to the control of porosity and pore size on mass transfer, the structure of the gas diffusion layer (GDL) has a critical impact on the performance of fuel cells. The bucky paper has high conductivity and abundant pores, which has potential to be used as GDL in fuel cells. Herein, a whole‐process solid template method is used to prepare the bucky paper with microcrystalline cellulose (MCC), whose porosity and pore size can be regulated quantitatively. The bucky paper with MCC as a pore‐forming agent has more larger pores, and these pores are mostly connected, which meet the needs of fuel cell application. The result of gas flux shows that the permeability of the bucky paper increases from the initial 12 to 240 mL min−1 kPa−1 cm−2 with MCC. The pore structure of bucky paper are significantly improved, so that the bucky paper with MCC leads to a higher fuel cell power density. Furthermore, the impedance result presents that with the addition of MCC, the mass transfer resistance of the fuel cells decreases significantly. It is fully supported in these results that MCC can modify the pores of the bucky paper and applied in proton exchange membrane fuel cells well.
State‐of‐Charge Prediction of Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on Sparse Autoencoder and Gated Recurrent Unit Neural Network
Authors: Zhang Huahua , Bai Yun , Yang Shuai , Li Chuan
Published: March 2023

Lithium‐ion batteries are widely used in daily life because of their fast charging and high energy density. The accurate prediction of state‐of‐charge (SOC), critical for the quality evaluation and long‐term planning of lithium‐ion batteries, has still been challenging owing to sophisticated battery dynamics and ever‐changing ambient conditions. Herein, a joint sparse autoencoder (SAE) and gated recurrent unit (GRU) model are developed to improve SOC prediction performance. The sliding time window method is first utilized for data reconstruction to explore the continuous time trend and discrete state characteristics in multi‐cycle data of the lithium‐ion batteries. The SAE is then used to extract features from the reconstruction data. The GRU is finally applied to realize an accurate SOC prediction. The performance of proposed method is tested on a benchmark lithium‐ion battery degradation dataset and actual battery degradation experiments. Experimental tests show that the present model has the lowest root mean square error of 0.176 and 0.271, the lowest mean absolute error of 0.1396 and 0.2412, and the lowest mean square error of 0.03098 and 0.07355 on two datasets, respectively, demonstrating that the proposed method outperforms the state‐of‐the‐art methods in terms of accuracy and robustness.
Silica‐Modified 3D Porous Copper Current Collectors Toward Stable Lithium Metal Anodes
Authors: Jiang Wenfeng , Wang Shun , Wang Yun , Hu Jianhua , Yang Dong , Zhang Wei
Published: March 2023

Due to the ultrahigh theoretical capacity (3860 mAh g−1) and low redox potential (−3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode), lithium‐metal anode is promising for the next‐generation high‐energy‐density batteries. However, the formation of Li dendrites results in the low Coulombic efficiency and safety concerns, thereby limiting the practical application. Herein, a silica‐modified three‐dimensional porous copper current collector (denoted as pCu@SiO2), which possesses a high electroactive surface area, is fabricated and then the electrochemical deposition behavior of Li metal can be significantly improved. In addition, the 3D porous structure provides sufficient volume to allow uniform Li deposition, thereby resulting in the alleviation of the volume change. Consequently, the silica layer on the surface of copper current collector enhances their interaction with Li+ ions, and promotes the uniform deposition. As a result, the fabricated pCu@SiO2||Li battery displays stable cycling performance with improved Coulombic efficiency (98%) over 200 cycles under the current density of 1 mA cm−2. Moreover, when the composite anode is assembled with a LiFePO4 cathode, the full cells exhibit a high‐specific capacity and excellent cycling stability. Herein, an insight is provided for the effective design of a 3D “Li host” for dendrite‐free Li‐metal anodes.
Organization of projections from the entorhinal cortex to the hippocampal formation of the Egyptian fruit bat Rousettus aegyptiacus
Authors: Jacobsen Bente , Kleven Heidi , Gatome Wairimu , Las Liora , Ulanovsky Nachum , Witter Menno P.
Published: March 2023

The hippocampal formation and entorhinal cortex are crucially involved in learning and memory as well as in spatial navigation. The conservation of these structures across the entire mammalian lineage demonstrates their importance. Information on a diverse set of spatially tuned neurons has become available, but we only have a rudimentary understanding of how anatomical network structure affects functional tuning. Bats are the only order of mammals that have evolved true flight, and with this specialization comes the need to navigate and behave in a three dimensional (3D) environment. Spatial tuning of cells in the entorhinal‐hippocampal network of bats has been studied for some time, but whether the reported tuning in 3D is associated with changes in the entorhinal‐hippocampal network is not known. Here we investigated the entorhinal‐hippocampal projections in the Egyptian fruit bat (Rousettus aegyptiacus), by injecting chemical anterograde tracers in the entorhinal cortex. Detailed analyses of the terminations of these projections in the hippocampus showed that both the medial and lateral entorhinal cortex sent projections to the molecular layer of all subfields of the hippocampal formation. Our analyses showed that the terminal distributions of entorhinal fibers in the hippocampal formation of Egyptian fruit bats—including the proximo‐distal and longitudinal topography and the layer‐specificity—are similar to what has been described in other mammalian species such as rodents and primates. The major difference in entorhinal‐hippocampal projections that was described to date between rodents and primates is in the terminal distribution of the DG projection. We found that bats have entorhinal‐DG projections that seem more like those in primates than in rodents. It is likely that the latter projection in bats is specialized to the behavioral needs of this species, including 3D flight and long‐distance navigation.
The relationship between clinical perfectionism and nonsuicidal self‐injury: The roles of experiential avoidance, self‐esteem, and locus of control
Authors: Duncan‐Plummer Thomas , Hasking Penelope , Tonta Kate , Boyes Mark
Published: March 2023

Objectives

Perfectionism is linked to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Individuals with elevated perfectionism tend to avoid undesirable emotions and experience lower self‐esteem, which are associated with NSSI. However, it is unclear if these mechanisms explain the link between clinical perfectionism and NSSI, and if locus of control is involved. We aimed to explore whether experiential avoidance and self‐esteem would mediate the relationship between clinical perfectionism and NSSI, and if locus of control would moderate links between clinical perfectionism and both experiential avoidance and self‐esteem.

Method

As part of a larger study, 514 Australian university students (Mage = 21.15 years, SD = 2.40; 73.5% female) completed an online survey of NSSI, clinical perfectionism, experiential avoidance, self‐esteem, and locus of control.

Results

Clinical perfectionism was associated with NSSI history, but not with recent NSSI or past year NSSI frequency. Lower self‐esteem, but not experiential avoidance, mediated links between clinical perfectionism and NSSI history, recent NSSI, and NSSI frequency. More external locus of control was associated with NSSI, experiential avoidance, and lower self‐esteem, but locus of control did not moderate pathways between clinical perfectionism and experiential avoidance or self‐esteem.

Conclusion

University students reporting elevated clinical perfectionism may have a tendency to experience lower self‐esteem which is associated with NSSI history, recency, and severity.
Gulp1 deficiency augments bone mass in male mice by affecting osteoclasts due to elevated 17β‐estradiol levels
Authors: Kim Soon‐Young , Park Gun‐Il , Park Seung‐Yoon , Lee Eun‐Hye , Choi Hyuck , Koh Jeong‐Tae , Han Soyun , Choi Man Ho , Park Eui Kyun , Kim In‐San , Kim Jung‐Eun
Published: March 2023

The engulfment adaptor phosphotyrosine‐binding domain containing 1 (GULP1) is an adaptor protein involved in the engulfment of apoptotic cells via phagocytosis. Gulp1 was first found to promote the phagocytosis of apoptotic cells by macrophages, and its role in various tissues, including neurons and ovaries, has been well studied. However, the expression and function of GULP1 in bone tissue are poorly understood. Consequently, to determine whether GULP1 plays a role in the regulation of bone remodeling in vitro and in vivo, we generated Gulp1 knockout (KO) mice. Gulp1 was expressed in bone tissue, mainly in osteoblasts, while its expression is very low in osteoclasts. Microcomputed tomography and histomorphometry analysis in 8‐week‐old male Gulp1 KO mice revealed a high bone mass in comparison with male wild‐type (WT) mice. This was a result of decreased osteoclast differentiation and function in vivo and in vitro as confirmed by a reduced actin ring and microtubule formation in osteoclasts. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry analysis further showed that both 17β‐estradiol (E2) and 2‐hydroxyestradiol levels, and the E2/testosterone metabolic ratio, reflecting aromatase activity, were also higher in the bone marrow of male Gulp1 KO mice than in male WT mice. Consistent with mass spectrometry analysis, aromatase enzymatic activity was significantly higher in the bone marrow of male Gulp1 KO mice. Altogether, our results suggest that GULP1 deficiency decreases the differentiation and function of osteoclasts themselves and increases sex steroid hormone‐mediated inhibition of osteoclast differentiation and function, rather than affecting osteoblasts, resulting in a high bone mass in male mice. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the direct and indirect roles of GULP1 in bone remodeling, providing new insights into its regulation.
Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling Characterizes the Drug‐Drug Interaction Between Saxagliptin and Rifampicin in Patients With Renal Impairment
Authors: Wu Wanhong , Lin Rongfang , Ke Meng , Ye Lingling , Lin Cuihong
Published: March 2023

The aim of the present study is to develop physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models for saxagliptin and its active metabolite, 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin, and to predict the effect of coadministration of rifampicin, a strong inducer of cytochrome P450 3A4 enzymes, on the pharmacokinetics of saxagliptin and 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin in patients with renal impairment. The PBPK models of saxagliptin and 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin were developed and validated in GastroPlus for healthy adults with or without rifampicin and adults with varying renal functions. Then, the effect of renal impairment combined with drug‐drug interaction on saxagliptin and 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin pharmacokinetics was investigated. The PBPK models successfully predicted the pharmacokinetics. For saxagliptin, the prediction suggests that rifampin greatly weakened the effect of renal impairment on reducing clearance, and the inductive effect of rifampin on parent drug metabolism seems to be increased with an increase in the degree of renal impairment severity. For patients with the same degree of renal impairment, rifampicin would have a slightly synergistic effect on the increase of 5‐hydroxy saxagliptin exposure compared with dosed alone. There is an unsignificant decline for the saxagliptin total active moiety exposure values in patients with the same degree of renal impairment. It seems that patients with renal impairment are unlikely to require additional dose adjustments when coadministered with rifampicin, compared with saxagliptin alone. Our study provides a reasonable approach to explore unknown DDI potential in renal impairment.
Incidence and diagnostic performance of ultrasound for perianal abscess or fistula‐in‐ano in pediatric patients with perianal inflammation
Authors: Hosokawa Takahiro , Tanami Yutaka , Sato Yumiko , Deie Kyoichi , Ishimaru Tetsuya , Hara Tomoko , Nambu Ryusuke , Deguchi Kuntaro , Takei Haruka , Iwama Itaru , Kawashima Hiroshi , Oguma Eiji
Published: March 2023

Objectives

To describe the incidence and diagnostic performance of ultrasound for perianal abscess or fistula‐in‐ano in pediatric patients with perianal inflammation.

Methods

We included 45 patients with perianal inflammation who underwent ultrasonography. To demonstrate the diagnostic performance of ultrasound for fistula‐in‐ano, a definite diagnosis of perianal abscess, and fistula‐in‐ano was determined as that proven through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT). The absence or presence of perianal abscess and fistula‐in‐ano on ultrasonography was recorded.

Results

Among the 45 patients, on ultrasound, perianal abscess and fistula‐in‐ano were detected in 22 (48.9%) and 30 (68.2%) patients, respectively. Nine patients had MRI or CT and a definite diagnosis of perianal abscess or fistula‐in‐ano; accuracy, negative predictive value, and positive predictive value of ultrasound for perianal abscess were 77.8% (7/9; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 40.0%–97.1%), 66.7% (2/3; 95% CI: 9.4%–99.2%), 83.3% (5/6; 95% CI: 35.9%–99.6%), and those of fistula‐in‐ano were 100% (9/9; 95% CI: 66.4%–100%), 100% (8/8; 95% CI: 63.1%–100%), and 100% (1/1; 95% CI: 2.5%–100%), respectively.

Conclusions

Perianal abscess and fistula‐in‐ano were detected by ultrasound in half of the patients with perianal inflammation. Accordingly, ultrasound has an acceptable diagnostic performance for perianal abscess and fistula‐in‐ano.
Green synthesis of AgNPs using Delonix regia bark for potential catalytic and antioxidant applications
Authors: Bala Anu , Rani Gita
Published: March 2023

Nanoparticle synthesis from plant resources has recently gained significant impact due to its low cost, simple equipment requirements, and ease of availability. In this work, DR‐AgNPs were synthesized using bark extract of Delonix regia (D. regia) plant under microwave irradiation. The formation of DR‐AgNPs has been confirmed with UV–Vis, XRD, FTIR, FESEM, HRTEM, EDS, DLS, and zeta potential analysis. Catalytic and antioxidant activities were tested on synthesized spherical nanoparticles with a size range of 10–48 nm. The effects of pH and catalyst dosage on the methylene blue (MB) dye degradation were carried out. It was observed from the treatment results that 95% MB dye degradation efficiency was achieved within 4 min with a degradation rate constant of 0.772 min−1. The synthesized nanoparticles showed a strong antioxidant property when analyzed by a 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. The calculated IC50 value for DR‐AgNPs was 37.1 ± 0.12 μg mL−1. Therefore, DR‐AgNPs are excellent in both catalytic and antioxidant activities when compared to previously reported works.

Highlights

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (DR‐AgNPs) using Delonix regia bark extract.

The catalytic activity of DR‐AgNPs is remarkable against Methylene Blue.

DR‐AgNPs also have a strong DPPH radical antioxidant effect.

Short degradation time, high degradation rate constant, and a good scavenging activity are key features of this study compared to previously reported works.
Poor glycemic control in type‐2 diabetic patients infected with hepatitis B: A retrospective propensity‐matched study
Authors: Cai Ting , Yue Tingting , Xu Ming , Zhang Pan , Wang Yue , Liu Qi , Huang Jie , Shen Ting , Yin Qiang , Sheng Zhifeng , Xiao Yang , Deng Tuo , Zhang Min , De Clercq Erik , Zhang Chi , Li Guangdi
Published: March 2023

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and type‐2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affect millions of individuals worldwide, whereas their interplay remains largely unclear. Here, we analyzed a large cohort of 330 HBV‐infected inpatients with T2DM (so‐called HBV + T2DM patients) and 330 T2DM inpatients without HBV infection (T2DM patients). Poor glycemic control was defined by glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) ≥ 7%. Among 330 HBV + T2DM patients, 252 (76%) aged ≥ 50 years, 223 (68%) were males, 205 (62%) experienced poor glycemic control. The propensity‐score matching approach was applied to match patient age, gender, comorbidities, and antidiabetic treatment between T2DM + HBV and T2DM patients. Compared with T2DM patients, HBV + T2DM patients had poorer glycemic control, longer hospitalization length, and higher alanine aminotransferase (p < 0.05). HBV + T2DM patients with HBV DNA ≥ 100 IU/mL or HBsAg ≥ 0.05 IU/mL had worse HbA1c control than T2DM patients without HBV infection (p < 0.05). HBV + T2DM patients who received no anti‐HBV therapy had worse HbA1c control than HBV + T2DM patients receiving anti‐HBV therapy (p < 0.05). Both insulin and anti‐HBV therapy were significant factors associated with glycemic control in HBV + T2DM patients. Overall, HBV + T2DM patients exhibited poorer glycemic control than T2DM patients, but their clinical outcomes were likely improved by insulin plus anti‐HBV treatment. Early management of HBV infection likely contributes to better clinical outcomes in HBV‐infected patients with T2DM.
Comparison between different models of magnetic hysteresis in the solution of the TEAM 32 problem
Authors: Cardelli Ermanno , Faba Antonio , Laudani Antonino , Quondam Antonio Simone , Ghanim AbdelRahman M.
Published: March 2023

The numerical modeling of magnetic materials in simulators is a difficult task, above all in real devices with specific excitation. The aim of this work is to compare the accuracy of scalar and vector Preisach models in a well know test benchmark: the TEAM 32 problem. The availability of measured data for this benchmark test and the simple geometry allow us to build hysteresis models and to test them in a 2D finite element analysis (FEA) scheme. The specific numerical formulation of each hysteresis model implemented is described, including the technique for the numerical identification of parameters starting from measured data. The comparison among the models is done in terms of accuracy, but also in terms of easy implementation in the FEA scheme and of computational cost.
Radio‐frequency treatment of medium‐gluten wheat: effects of tempering moisture and treatment time on wheat quality
Authors: Cheng Yong , Jiang Jun , Chen Qiuming , Wang Zhaojun , Zeng Maomao , Qin Fang , Chen Jie , He Zhiyong
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Wheat and wheat flour are important raw materials of staple foods. Medium‐gluten wheat is now the dominant wheat in China. In order to expand the application of medium‐gluten wheat, radio‐frequency (RF) technology was used to improve its quality. Effects of tempering moisture content (TMC) of wheat and RF treatment time on wheat quality were investigated.

RESULTS

No evident change in protein content after RF treatment, but a reduction in wet gluten content of the sample with 10–18% TMC and RF treatment for 5 min, was observed. By contrast, protein content increased to 31.0% after RF treatment for 9 min in 14% TMC wheat, achieving the requirement of high‐gluten wheat (≥30.0%). Thermodynamic and pasting properties indicated that RF treatment (14% TMC, 5 min) can alter the double‐helical structure and pasting viscosities of flour. In addition, the results of textural analysis and sensory evaluation for Chinese steamed bread showed that RF treatment for 5 min with different TMC (10–18%) wheat could deteriorate wheat quality, while the wheat (14% TMC) treated with RF for 9 min had the best quality.

CONCLUSION

RF treatment for 9 min can improve wheat quality when the TMC was 14%. The results are beneficial to the application of RF technology in wheat processing and improvement of wheat flour quality. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
Automated Start‐Up and Extinction Dynamics of a Mamyshev Oscillator Based on a Temperature‐Dependent Filter
Authors: Wang Chaoran , Li Xingliang , Zhang Shumin
Published: March 2023

Mamyshev oscillators (MOs), which are based on an effective saturable absorber that arises from offset spectral filtering, are a new type of mode‐locked fiber lasers, but experimentally verifying the theory of the evolution of various dynamic characteristics of optical pulses in MOs has remained a major challenge due to the lack of appropriate filters and the means of real‐time, single‐shot experimental measurement. Here, the starting, extinction, and output dynamics of MOs are studied by designing and using a special temperature‐sensitive band‐pass filter, whose central wavelength can be continuously and accurately adjusted with temperature. The entire automated evolution of light pulses in the MO from start‐up to stable operation and then to extinction can be observed continuously by adjusting only the filter's temperature. What is more interesting is that the start‐up and the extinction processes are mirror symmetric, and both of them experience a double Q‐switching state. Further research has shown that the maximum filter interval corresponding to MO self‐starting is related to the pump power and that the bigger the pump power, the wider the filter interval. By gradually changing the interval between the two filters, the various output characteristics of the MO are also systematically studied.
It is not just a name: Effects of proper name for high‐quality versus low‐quality brands
Authors: Rathee Shelly , Yu‐Buck Grace F. , Gupta Akash
Published: March 2023

The usage of proper names to advertise a product is ubiquitous in the marketplace. In many cases, there is very little information about these names. For example, treatment lotion by “Lady Aiko.” This research examines whether such a strategy effectively increases evaluations for a product. If so, is this strategy more effective when used by a high‐quality brand or a low‐quality brand? Across one field study, one text analytics study, and two experimental studies, we find that the proper name strategy can lead to higher product evaluations and that such names are more effective when advertised for a low‐quality brand. We first propose, using contagion effects, that products advertised with a proper name are more likely to contain the essence of human creation, resulting in greater product effectiveness than identical products without such proper names. Furthermore, we employ the expectation‐disconfirmation account to propose that when the brand has a higher (vs. lower) quality (expectation stage), the product with a proper name strategy (postexpectation stage) leads to small (vs. large) positive disconfirmation, which thereby results in assimilation (vs. contrast) and forming product evaluations similar (vs. higher) to the original assessments of the brand. We offer implications for new product marketers on how to be most effective in influencing product evaluations, as well as policymakers looking to improve consumer welfare by encouraging manufacturers of generic products to consider using a proper name strategy.
Partnership to raise awareness about link between SUDs, eating disorders
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2023

Educating the public about the stark realities of eating disorders and the connection to substance use disorders (SUDs) are the goals behind a new partnership between the National Alliance for Eating Disorders and Shatterproof, a national nonprofit dedicated to reversing the addiction crisis in the U.S. The move, just one of a plethora of activities and initiatives related to eating disorders, comes amid Eating Disorders Awareness Week from Feb. 27 to March 5.
APA publishes updated practice guideline on eating disorders
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: March 2023

Observing that studies have reported upticks in individuals developing symptoms of and requiring hospitalization for disordered eating since the start of the COVID‐19 pandemic in 2020, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) last week released and published an updated practice guideline for treating patients with eating disorders.
Virtual health care: Meeting patients where they are
Authors: Sidel Kristi
Published: March 2023

There's no getting around one simple fact about the health care system: We are staring down a shortage of thousands of behavioral health care and primary care providers. More than three‐quarters of U.S. counties are currently experiencing a severe behavioral health clinician shortage. By 2025, we are projected to need an additional 30,000 psychiatrists and up to 48,000 primary care providers just to keep pace with demand.
Statistical solutions and degenerate regularity for the micropolar fluid with generalized Newton constitutive law
Authors: Zhao Caidi , Zhang Yongkang , Caraballo Tomás , Łukaszewicz Grzegorz
Published: March 2023

This paper studies the nonautonomous micropolar fluid with generalized Newton constitutive law in two‐dimensional bounded domains. We first establish that the generated continuous process of the solutions operator possesses a pullback attractor. Then we verify the existence of statistical solutions by constructing the invariant Borel probability measures. Further, we prove that the statistical solutions possess the degenerated regularity of Lusin's type provided that the Grashof number associated to the external forces is small enough.
On the qualitative behavior of a class of the Λ − Ω differential systems
Authors: Zhou Zhengxin
Published: March 2023

In this paper, we use the reflecting integral to give the necessary and sufficient conditions for a class of Λ−Ω differential systems to have a weak center. Meanwhile, we give out the expression of their first integral and derive the qualitative behavior of their equivalent systems.
Estimation of Additive and Dominance Genetic Variances for Growth and Multiple Stress at Different Ages in Pacific White Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Wang Lun , Wang Jinjiao , Liu Jianyong
Published: March 2023

This study aimed to estimate the additive and dominance genetic variance in growth and multiple-stress tolerance traits in 7-week-old and 15-week-old Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Four different animal models were studied by including all or different subsets of the following effects: additive genetic effects (A), additive genetic and common environmental effects (A + C), additive genetic and dominance effects (A + D), and additive, common environmental, and dominance effects (A + D + C). Variance components were estimated using the average information restricted maximum likelihood method. In general, estimates of additive genetic variance were inflated under the simple model (A) and decreased remarkably under the more complex models (A + C, A + D, and A + D + C). The genetic parameters of two-stage (7-week and 15-week shrimp) growth and multiple-stress tolerance traits were more suitable for estimation using the A + C model. The additive effects (0.311–0.754) of seven traits in 7-week shrimp were greater than the dominance effects (4.950 × 10−7 to 0.201), whereas the additive effects of the same seven traits in adult shrimp ranged from 7.712 × 10−8 to 0.468 and the dominance effects ranged from 0.074 to 0.577. Except for survival time, carapace length, and carapace width, the additive effects of the other traits were smaller than the corresponding dominance effects. Thus, better genetic improvement of 7-week and 15-week shrimp growth and multiple-stress tolerance can be obtained with selective breeding than with crossbreeding and better genetic improvement of 7-week shrimp growth traits can be obtained with crossbreeding than with selective breeding. Our study further enriches the database for enhancing growth and stress resistance in Pacific white shrimp and provides reference information for growth improvement and multiple-stress resistance breeding.
Safety, tolerability and short‐term efficacy of transvaginal fractional bipolar radiofrequency therapy for symptoms of stress and or mixed incontinence in conjunction with genitourinary syndrome of menopause
Authors: Abdelaziz Ahmed , Blusewicz Tracy A. , Coley Katherine P. , Karram Mickey
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Radiofrequency (RF) energy application stimulates collagen and elastin remodeling to restore the elasticity, and moisture of the superficial vaginal mucosa. This is the first study to report on the use of microneedling to deliver RF energy to the vaginal canal. Microneedling increases the response of the collagen contraction and neocollagenesis in deeper layers of tissue, thus increasing the support to the surface. The novel intravaginal microneedling device used in this study allows penetration of the needles to 1, 2, or 3 mm.

Objective

A prospective study to evaluate the safety and short‐term outcome of a single fractional RF treatment of the vaginal canal in a series of women with coexistent stress or mixed incontinence (MUI) and genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM).

Methods

Twenty women who had symptoms of SUI and or MUI in conjunction with GSM were given a single vaginal treatment that consisted of fractional bipolar RF energy using the EmpowerRF platform with the Morpheus8V applicator (InMode). RF energy was delivered into the vaginal walls via 24 microneedles, at a depth of 1, 2, and 3 mm. Outcomes were evaluated by “cough” stress test, questionnaires (MESA SI, MESA UI, iQoL, UDI‐6) and evaluation of vaginal tissue through the VHI scale at 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐months post‐treatment compared to baseline. Biopsies were performed at baseline and 3‐months on five patients for histological reference and tissue evaluation.

Results

Eight out of eight outcomes measured from baseline to 6‐months post‐treatment showed improvement. The parameters scored in the questionnaires including frequency, urgency, nocturia, urge incontinence, and stress incontinence showed significant improvement in all areas at the 1‐, 3‐, and 6‐month follow‐up sessions compared to baseline.

Conclusions

The results showed evidence that fractional RF energy delivered vaginally is safe, well tolerated, and provide short term improvement of SUI and or MUI in conjunction with GSM.
Robust capacitated Steiner trees and networks with uniform demands
Authors: Bentz Cédric , Costa Marie‐Christine , Poirion Pierre‐Louis , Ridremont Thomas
Published: March 2023

We are interested in the design of robust (or resilient) capacitated rooted Steiner networks in the case of terminals with uniform demands. Formally, we are given a graph, capacity, and cost functions on the edges, a root, a subset of vertices calledterminals, and a bound on the number of possible edge failures. We first study the problem where and the network that we want to design must be a tree covering the root and the terminals: we give complexity results and propose models to optimize both the cost of the tree and the number of terminals disconnected from the root in the worst case of an edge failure, while respecting the capacity constraints on the edges. Secondly, we consider the problem of computing a minimum‐cost survivable network, that is, a network that covers the root and terminals even after the removal of any edges, while still respecting the capacity constraints on the edges. We also consider the possibility of protecting a given number of edges. We propose three different formulations: a bilevel formulation (with an attacker and a defender), a cutset‐based formulation and a flow‐based one. We compare the formulations from a theoretical point of view, and we propose algorithms to solve them and compare their efficiency in practice.
Diagnostic yield of exome sequencing in isolated fetal growth restriction: Systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Pauta Montse , Martinez‐Portilla Raigam J. , Meler Eva , Otaño Juan , Borrell Antoni
Published: March 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the diagnostic yield of exome sequencing (ES) above that of chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) or karyotyping in fetuses with isolated fetal growth restriction (FGR). This was a systematic review conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‐Analyses guidelines. Selected studies included those with (a) only fetuses with FGR in the absence of fetal structural anomalies and (b) negative CMA or karyotyping results. Only positive variants classified as likely pathogenic or pathogenic determined as causative of the fetal phenotype were considered. A negative CMA or karyotype result was treated as the reference standard. Eight studies with data on ES diagnostic yield, including 146 fetuses with isolated FGR, were identified. Overall, a pathogenic variant determined as potentially causative of the fetal phenotype was found in 17 cases, resulting in a 12% (95% CI: 7%–18%) incremental performance pool of ES. The vast majority were studied before 32 weeks'gestation. In conclusion, a monogenic disorder was prenatally found in association with apparently isolated FGR in 12% of these fetuses.
Low‐fuel‐permeation thermoplastic vulcanizates prepared from mutually miscible fluoroelastomer and poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene)
Authors: Wu Wenqiang , Jin Biqiang , Xu Hu , Wu Haitao , Yuan Zhaoyang , Xie Zhengtian , Wen Yong , Wang Ke , Wu Jinrong
Published: March 2023

An oleophobic barrier material is imperative for automotive fuel hose applications to reduce permeation of air‐polluting hydrocarbons. With the increasingly strict exhaust emission regulations, the development of new fluoroelastomer (FKM) materials with enhanced fuel permeation resistance is highly desirable. Herein, we successfully developed a class of all‐fluorinated thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) by dynamic vulcanization from FKM and poly(vinylidene fluoride–hexafluoropropylene) (P(VDF‐HFP)). The mechanical properties, recyclability and fuel resistance of the FKM/P(VDF‐HFP) TPVs were examined. The results show that the FKM/P(VDF‐HFP) blends present high mechanical performance with tensile strength up to 26.3 MPa and strain at break of more than 600% at a high rubber/plastic ratio of 7:3 by weight. Moreover, our FKM/P(VDF‐HFP) TPVs show excellent fuel resistance and recyclability. Such high mechanical properties, recyclability and fuel resistance are correlated with the good miscibility between FKM and P(VDF‐HFP), the strong FKM rubber network and the fine phase morphology of TPVs. This work provides a guidance for the preparation of new TPVs through selecting mutually miscible polymers without any compatibilizer, and demonstrates that these new TPVs can be a good alternative option to replace the traditional thermosetting fluororubbers in the automotive industry as barrier layers for fuel hoses. © 2023 Society of Industrial Chemistry.
Thinking styles in occupational therapy students
Authors: Kars Sinem , Akyürek Gökçen
Published: March 2023

The identification of the thinking styles plays an essential role in determining the educational methods according to the needs of the students. The aim of this study is determination of the relationship between thinking styles, metacognition, and academic achievement of occupational therapy students (OTS). In the 2018‐2019 academic year, OTS (n = 117) completed student data form, the Inventory of Thinking Styles, and the Scale of Metacognitive Skills. Kruskal–Wallis variance analysis was used to determine whether there was a significant relationship between thinking styles and class variables, and Spearmen correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between thinking styles and academic averages. OTS prefer legislative, hierarchic, judicial, and liberal thinking styles most frequently. OTS tend to prefer the oligarchic, local, and liberal thinking styles towards the last year. Furthermore, a positive low to moderate correlation was found between the metacognition and the legislative, executive, hierarchic, local, internal, and liberal thinking styles. Thinking styles of OTS is crucial for occupational therapy education. To better understand the complexity of students thinking styles, future studies should conduct different regions.
Cross‐cultural adaptation and validation of the Norwegian Dizziness Catastrophizing Scale in persons with dizziness
Authors: Trongaard Victoria , Knapstad Mari Kalland , Moen Unni , Wilhelmsen Kjersti , Magnussen Liv Heide
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose

Dizziness Catastrophizing Scale (DCS) is a questionnaire covering catastrophizing thoughts related to dizziness. The aims of this study were to cross‐culturally adapt the DCS into Norwegian (DCS‐N) and to examine the internal consistency, content and construct validity, and test‐retest reliability of the instrument.

Method

Patients (18–67 years) with long‐term dizziness were recruited from an ear, nose, and throat (ENT) clinic in Western Norway. Validity of the DCS‐N was assessed by evaluating data quality (missing, floor and ceiling effects), content validity (relevance, comprehensiveness, and comprehensibility), structural validity (principal component analysis), internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha), and construct validity (predefined hypotheses). Test‐retest reliability was examined by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC1.1), standard error of measurement (SEM), smallest detectable change (SDC), and limits of agreement.

Results

In total, 97 women and 53 men, mean age (SD) 46.5 (12.7) with dizziness were included (in the study). A subgroup of 44 patients participated in test‐retest assessment. Overall, the DCS‐N was easy to comprehend. The principal component analysis supported a one‐factor solution and internal consistency was satisfactory (α 0.93). Construct validity was acceptable; all the predefined hypotheses were confirmed. Test‐retest reliability demonstrated ICC1.1 of 0.90 and a SEM of 4.9. SDC was estimated to be ±13.6.

Discussion

The DCS‐N demonstrated acceptable measurement properties for assessing catastrophizing thoughts in patients with long‐term dizziness. Further studies should examine the responsiveness of the DCS‐N and a factor analysis should be undertaken in a larger population.