bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor DNA for the detection of EGFR-T790M mutation in NSCLC: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Passiglia Francesco , Rizzo Sergio , Di Maio Massimo , Galvano Antonio , Badalamenti Giuseppe , Listì Angela , Gulotta Leonardo , Castiglia Marta , Fulfaro Fabio , Bazan Viviana , Russo Antonio
Published: August 2018

This pooled analysis aims at evaluating the diagnostic accuracy of circulating tumor (ct) DNA for the detection of EGFR-T790M mutation in NSCLC patients who progressed after EGFR-TKIs. Data from all published studies, reporting both sensitivity and specificity of plasma-based EGFR-T790M mutation testing by ctDNA were collected by searching in PubMed, Cochrane Library, American Society of Clinical Oncology, European Society of Medical Oncology and World Conference of Lung Cancer meeting proceedings. A total of twenty-one studies, with 1639 patients, were eligible. The pooled sensitivity of ctDNA analysis was 0.67 (95% CI: 0.64–0.70) and the pooled specificity was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.77–0.83). The pooled positive predictive value (PPV) was 0.85 (95% CI: 0.82–0.87) and the pooled negative predictive value (NPV) was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.56–0.63). The positive likelihood ratio (PLR) and negative likelihood ratio (NLR) were 2.67 (95% CI: 1.86–3.82) and 0.46 (95% CI: 0.38–0.54), respectively. The pooled diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 7.27 (4.39–12.05) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the summary receiver operating characteristics (sROC) curve was 0.77. The ctDNA analysis represents a promising, non-invasive approach to detect and monitor the T790M mutation status in NSCLC patients. Development of standardized methodologies and clinical validation are recommended.
Streptococcus mutans extracellular DNA levels depend on the number of bacteria in a biofilm
Authors: Kim Miah , Jeon Jaegyu , Kim Jaegon
Published: August 2018

Streptococcus mutans is a component of oral plaque biofilm that accumulates on the surface of teeth. The biofilm consists of extracellular components including extracellular DNA (eDNA). This study was conducted to investigate the factors that may affect the eDNA levels of S. mutans in biofilms. For the study, S. mutans UA159 biofilms were formed for 52 h on hydroxyapatite (HA) discs in 0% (w/v) sucrose +0% glucose, 0.5% sucrose, 1% sucrose, 0.5% glucose, 1% glucose, or 0.5% sucrose +0.5% glucose. Acidogenicity of S. mutans in the biofilms was measured after biofilm formation (22 h) up to 52 h. eDNA was collected after 52 h biofilm formation and measured using DNA binding fluorescent dye, SYBR Green I. Biofilms cultured in 0.5% sucrose or glucose had more eDNA and colony forming units (CFUs) and less exopolysaccharides (EPSs) than the biofilms cultured in 1% sucrose or glucose at 52 h, respectively. The biofilms formed in 0% sucrose +0% glucose maintained pH around 7, while the biofilms grown in 0.5% sucrose had more acidogenicity than those grown in 1% sucrose, and the same pattern was shown in glucose. In conclusion, the results of this study show that the number of S. mutans in biofilms affects the concentrations of eDNA as well as the acidogenicity of S. mutans in the biofilms. In addition, the thickness of EPS is irrelevant to eDNA aggregation within biofilms.
Author Correction: Diagnostic value of ultrasound features and sex of fetuses in female patients with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Hou Chun-jie , Wei Ran , Tang Jing-lan , Hu Qiao-hong , He Hong-feng , Fan Xiao-ming
Published: August 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Succinate promotes stem cell migration through the GPR91-dependent regulation of DRP1-mediated mitochondrial fission
Authors: Ko So Hee , Choi Gee Euhn , Oh Ji Young , Lee Hyun Jik , Kim Jun Sung , Chae Chang Woo , Choi Diana , Han Ho Jae
Published: August 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Armchair MoS2 nanoribbons turned into half metals through deposition of transition-metal and Si atomic chains
Authors: Lee Chi-Hsuan , Lin Joy , Yang Chih-Kai
Published: August 2018

MoS2 nanoribbons with armchair-terminated edges are semiconductors suitable for the tuning of electronic and magnetic properties. Our first-principles density function calculations reveal that a variety of transition-metal atomic chains deposited on some of the ribbons is able to transform the semiconductors into half metals, allowing transport of 100% spin-polarized currents. Furthermore, we found that a Si atomic chain is equally capable of achieving half metallicity when adsorbed on the same nanoribbon. These results should be useful for spintronic application.
Surface Plasmon Coupling in GaN:Eu Light Emitters with Metal-Nitrides
Authors: Fragkos Ioannis E. , Tansu Nelson
Published: August 2018

Metal-nitrides of hafnium nitride (HfN), zirconium nitride (ZrN) and titanium nitride (TiN) are investigated as plasmonic materials to enhance the internal quantum efficiency of a GaN:Eu red light emitter. Theoretical calculations are performed to evaluate the surface plasmon polariton dispersion relation and Purcell enhancement factor for a single metal-nitride layer on top of the GaN:Eu emitter. Our findings suggest that among the metal-nitrides investigated in this study, TiN is the most promising candidate for use as plasmonic material to increase the internal quantum efficiency in GaN:Eu red light emitters.
Introduction
Authors: Vrakking Marc J. J. , Lepine Franck
Published: August 2018

In this introductory chapter, the rationale for the publication of this book is briefly explained: it aims to create a resource for both experimentalists and theoreticians that captures the current state-of-the-art in theoretical studies of attosecond molecular dynamics. We moreover present an overview of the current state-of-the-art of experimental studies of attosecond chemistry and molecular physics and present a short overview of the contents of the subsequent chapters, pointing out links between the material that is presented in the individual chapters.
Temperature-programmed desorption studies of NH3 and H2O on the RuO2(110) surface: effects of adsorbate diffusion
Authors: Wang Kai-Ting , Nachimuthu Santhanamoorthi , Jiang Jyh-Chiang
Published: August 2018

Temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) is one of the most straightforward surface science experiments for the determination of the thermodynamic and kinetic parameters of a reaction.
Mechanisms of reinforcement in polymer nanocomposites
Authors: Molinari N. , Sutton A. P. , Mostofi A. A.
Published: August 2018

Qualitatively different stress–strain responses of polymer nanocomposites are shown to result from the dynamical evolution of three principal molecular structural motifs in the polymer–filler network.
Effects of the terminal donor unit in dyes with D–D–π–A architecture on the regeneration mechanism in DSSCs: a computational study
Authors: Hailu Yohannes Mulugeta , Nguyen Minh Tho , Jiang Jyh-Chiang
Published: August 2018

This theoretical study on dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) includes design strategies for dye donor units to improve the efficiency of DSSCs, and further illuminates the organic dye regeneration mechanism.
Controlling ion transport through nanopores: modeling transistor behavior
Authors: Mádai Eszter , Matejczyk Bartłomiej , Dallos András , Valiskó Mónika , Boda Dezső
Published: August 2018

We present a modeling study of a nanopore-based transistor computed by a mean-field continuum theory (Poisson–Nernst–Planck, PNP) and a hybrid method including particle simulation (Local Equilibrium Monte Carlo, LEMC) that is able to take ionic correlations into account including the finite size of ions.
Effective lead optimization targeting the displacement of bridging receptor–ligand water molecules
Authors: Chen Deliang , Li Yibao , Zhao Mingming , Tan Wen , Li Xun , Savidge Tor , Guo Wei , Fan Xiaolin
Published: August 2018

Enhancing the binding affinities of ligands by means of lead modifications that displace bridging water molecules at protein–ligand interfaces is an important and widely studied lead optimization strategy.
Structural characterization of self-assemblies of new omega-3 lipids: docosahexaenoic acid and docosapentaenoic acid monoglycerides
Authors: Shao Xianrong , Bor Gizem , Al-Hosayni Sabah , Salentinig Stefan , Yaghmur Anan
Published: August 2018

Hexosomes based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid monoglycerides.
Molecular dynamics modeling ofPseudomonas aeruginosaouter membranes
Authors: Li Ao , Schertzer Jeffrey W. , Yong Xin
Published: August 2018

All-atom molecular dynamics simulations provide important structural information of asymmetric lipid membranes that are biologically relevant toPseudomonas aeruginosa.
Modeling of solid–liquid interfaces using scaled charges: rutile (110) surfaces
Authors: Biriukov Denys , Kroutil Ondřej , Předota Milan
Published: August 2018

The first application of the electronic continuum correction model with scaled charges to molecular dynamics simulations of solid–liquid interfaces.
The evaporation kinetics of pure water droplets at varying drying rates and the use of evaporation rates to infer the gas phase relative humidity
Authors: Su Yong-yang , Miles Rachael E. H. , Li Zhi-ming , Reid Jonathan P. , Xu Jiang
Published: August 2018

Numerous analytical models have been applied to describe the evaporation/condensation kinetics of volatile components from aerosol particles for use in many applications.
Recent progress and developments of iridium-based compounds as probes for environmental analytes
Authors: Kang Tian-Shu , Zhang Jia-Tong , Vellaisamy Kasipandi , Ma Dik-Lung , Leung Chung-Hang
Published: August 2018

Metal complexes based on iridium metal centers have attracted attention as probes due to their tunable biological and chemical characteristics.
Intervalence of two planar chiral 2-methylferrocenyl groups over a diaurum bridge
Authors: Ringenberg Mark R. , Holz Julia , Peters René
Published: August 2018

The electronic structure of recently reported diaurum (AuI⋯AuI and XAuII–AuIIX) complexes, containing two methylferrocenyloxazoline ligands are described.
A series of dithiocarbamates for americium, curium, and californium
Authors: Cary Samantha K. , Su Jing , Galley Shane S. , Albrecht-Schmitt Thomas E. , Batista Enrique R. , Ferrier Maryline G. , Kozimor Stosh A. , Mocko Veronika , Scott Brian L. , Van Alstine Cayla E. , White Frankie D. , Yang Ping
Published: August 2018

The isolation and characterization of a series of transplutonium coordination complexes provided insight in advancing understanding of how actinide properties change across the 5f-element series.
Remarkable difference in Al3+ and Zn2+ sensing properties of quinoline based isomers
Authors: Hazra Ananta , Roy Ankita , Mukherjee Abhishek , Maiti Guru Prasad , Roy Partha
Published: August 2018

4-Methyl-2-((quinolin-6-ylimino)methyl)phenol and 4-methyl-2-((quinolin-2-ylimino)methyl)phenol have been found to be dual fluorescence chemosensors for Al3+ and Zn2+ ions, but their sensing ability varies.
Cycloheptyl-fusedN,N,N′-chromium catalysts with selectivity for vinyl-terminated polyethylene waxes: thermal optimization and polymer functionalization
Authors: Huang Chuanbing , Huang Yongfeng , Ma Yanping , Solan Gregory A. , Sun Yang , Hu Xinquan , Sun Wen-Hua
Published: August 2018

Narrowly dispersed linear polyethylenes containing high levels of vinyl end-groups are accessible using cycloheptyl-fused Cr-catalysts operating at high temperature.
Multi-parametric cell profiling with a CMOS quad-modality cellular interfacing array for label-free fully automated drug screening
Authors: Park Jong Seok , Grijalva Sandra I. , Aziz Moez K. , Chi Taiyun , Li Sensen , Sayegh Michael N. , Wang Adam , Cho Hee Cheol , Wang Hua
Published: August 2018

A 1024-pixel CMOS quad-modality cellular interfacing array that enables multi-parametric cell profiling and holistic cellular characterization for drug development.
Synthesis of protectin D1 analogs: novel pro-resolution and radiotracer agents
Authors: Tungen J. E. , Aursnes M. , Ramon S. , Colas R. A. , Serhan C. N. , Olberg D. E. , Nuruddin S. , Willoch F. , Hansen T. V.
Published: August 2018

The first synthetic analog of protectin D1 with potent pro-resolving and anti-inflammatory properties is reported.
Regio-specific prenylation of pterocarpans by a membrane-bound prenyltransferase from Psoralea corylifolia
Authors: He Junbin , Dong Zeyuan , Hu Zhimin , Kuang Yi , Fan Jingran , Qiao Xue , Ye Min
Published: August 2018

PcM4DT represents the first prenyltransferase identified from the Psoralea genus that catalyzed the C-4 prenylation of pterocarpans and exhibited strict substrate specificity.
Efficient channel tracking strategy for mmWave UAV communications
Authors: Zhao Jianwei , Jia Weimin
Published: August 2018

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) communications attract ever increasing attentions due to its flexible deployment. The characteristics of the time‐varying UAV channel with beam squint effect are explored. Then, a channel tracking method for UAV communications is proposed. Finally, various and numerous simulation results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Infektiologische Konsile bei Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie – eine retrospektive Beobachtungsstudie am Universitätsklinikum Jena
Authors: Kimmig Aurelia , Weis Sebastian , Hagel Stefan , Forstner Christina , Kesselmeier Miriam , Pletz Mathias
Published: August 2018

Einleitung Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämien sind schwere Infektionserkrankungen mit oftmals langwierigen klinischen Verläufen und hoher Sterblichkeit. Retrospektive Studien zeigen, dass infektiologische Konsile die Adhärenz an Therapiestandards erhöhen und das Überleben von Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie-Patienten verbessern können.

Methoden In dieser retrospektiven, monozentrischen Beobachtungsstudie wurde der Einfluss von infektiologischen Konsilen auf das Überleben von Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie am Universitätsklinikum Jena mittels logistischer Regressions- und Überlebenszeitanalyse untersucht. Der primäre Endpunkt der Studie war die Krankenhaussterblichkeit.

Ergebnisse Insgesamt wurden Daten von 297 Patienten (≥ 18 Jahre) mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie im Zeitraum zwischen Dezember 2012 und August 2015 analysiert. Bei 159 dieser Patienten wurde ein infektiologisches Konsil durchgeführt. Die Durchführung eines Konsils war mit einer geringeren Krankenhaussterblichkeit assoziiert (23 % ohne Konsil, 11 % mit Konsil; multiple Regressionsanalyse: Odds-Ratio = 0,27 [95 %-Konfidenzintervall: 0,12 – 0,64]; p = 0,003). Ferner gab es Unterschiede bei der Erfüllung definierter Qualitätsindikatoren der Behandlung einer Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie. Dabei war die komplette Umsetzung aller im Konsil empfohlenen Maßnahmen mit der niedrigsten Krankenhaussterblichkeit verbunden.

Diskussion Die Mitbehandlung von Patienten mit Staphylococcus-aureus-Bakteriämie durch klinische Infektiologen war mit einer geringeren Krankenhaussterblichkeit assoziiert.
Does Type 5 of Takayasu's Arteritis Require Subclassification?
Authors: Moode Sandeep , Malayathi Suneethi , Maddury Jyotsna , Nemani Lalita
Published: August 2018

Background Takayasu's arteritis (TA) is an inflammatory vascular disease of the young involving the large elastic arteries resulting in occlusive or ectatic changes, mainly in the aorta and its major branches as well as the pulmonary artery and its branches.

Materials and Methods The authors reviewed the TA patients admitted over 2 years in their department and who underwent catheterization. They noted the clinical presentations, two-dimensional (2D) echocardiographic features, and angiogram details of all these patients.

Results The study population constituted 24 patients with mean age of 28 years. Out of them, 21 (87.5%) were females. Most of the admitted TA patients presented with claudication complaints (79.2%), 37.5% patients had breathlessness, and 12.5% patients had typical stable angina symptoms. Five patients had 2D echo abnormalities, and rest of the patients had normal echocardiogram. Coronary angiogram (CAG) along with aortogram and selective peripheral arteriograms were performed of all these patients. Left main coronary artery (LMCA) disease was seen in three (12.5%) patients. Case details of two (8.3%) patients with multiple anomalous communications of the coronaries with pulmonary vasculature were described.

Conclusion TA patients who came for catheterization were predominantly females, mainly involving the aorta and its main branches. In the authors’ TA series of patients, type 5 presentation was there in five (20.8%) patients (three cases of LMCA + two cases of coronary artery to pulmonary parenchymal fistulas). They propose to subclassify type 5 of TA, as they report coronary artery to pulmonary parenchymal fistulas along with the previous literature.
Weighted Hurwitz numbers and topological recursion: An overview
Authors: Alexandrov A. , Chapuy G. , Eynard B. , Harnad J.
Published: August 2018

Multiparametric families of hypergeometric τ-functions of KP or Toda type serve as generating functions for weighted Hurwitz numbers, providing weighted enumerations of branched covers of the Riemann sphere. A graphical interpretation of the weighting is given in terms of constellations mapped onto the covering surface. The theory is placed within the framework of topological recursion, with the Baker function at t = 0 shown to satisfy the quantum spectral curve equation, whose classical limit is rational. A basis for the space of formal power series in the spectral variable is generated that is adapted to the Grassmannian element associated with the τ-function. Multicurrent correlators are defined in terms of the τ-function and shown to provide an alternative generating function for weighted Hurwitz numbers. Fermionic vacuum state expectation value representations are provided for the adapted bases, pair correlators, and multicurrent correlators. Choosing the weight generating function as a polynomial and restricting the number of nonzero “second” KP flow parameters in the Toda τ-function to be finite implies a finite rank covariant derivative equation with rational coefficients satisfied by a finite “window” of adapted basis elements. The pair correlator is shown to provide a Christoffel-Darboux type finite rank integrable kernel, and the WKB series coefficients of the associated adjoint system are computed recursively, leading to topological recursion relations for the generators of the weighted Hurwitz numbers.
Fluctuating hydrodynamics of reactive liquid mixtures
Authors: Kim Changho , Nonaka Andy , Bell John B. , Garcia Alejandro L. , Donev Aleksandar
Published: August 2018

Fluctuating hydrodynamics (FHD) provides a framework for modeling microscopic fluctuations in a manner consistent with statistical mechanics and nonequilibrium thermodynamics. This paper presents an FHD formulation for isothermal reactive incompressible liquid mixtures with stochastic chemistry. Fluctuating multispecies mass diffusion is formulated using a Maxwell–Stefan description without assuming a dilute solution, and momentum dynamics is described by a stochastic Navier–Stokes equation for the fluid velocity. We consider a thermodynamically consistent generalization for the law of mass action for non-dilute mixtures and use it in the chemical master equation (CME) to model reactions as a Poisson process. The FHD approach provides remarkable computational efficiency over traditional reaction-diffusion master equation methods when the number of reactive molecules is large, while also retaining accuracy even when there are as few as ten reactive molecules per hydrodynamic cell. We present a numerical algorithm to solve the coupled FHD and CME equations and validate it on both equilibrium and nonequilibrium problems. We simulate a diffusively driven gravitational instability in the presence of an acid-base neutralization reaction, starting from a perfectly flat interface. We demonstrate that the coupling between velocity and concentration fluctuations dominates the initial growth of the instability.
Anisotropic stress in laser-written LaBGeO5 glass-ceramic composites
Authors: Paterson Alexander L. , Zwanziger Josef W.
Published: August 2018

LaBGeO5 glass-ceramic composite materials are of interest because the LaBGeO5 crystal phase is ferroelectric and can be grown in single-crystal form within the glass by localized heating from femtosecond laser irradiation. The crystals formed are expected to exhibit residual stress, due to the different mechanical properties of the glass and crystal phases. Recent micro-Raman data on these crystals have been interpreted as showing an isotropic stress field in the crystals. Here, we reinterpret these data in light of detailed density functional perturbation calculations of the Raman spectra of the crystal phase under different stress conditions. Our results support a model where the stress in the ab plane of the LaBGeO5 crystal is compressive and the stress along the c axis of the crystal is tensile. This model is consistent with the linear thermal expansion coefficients of the LaBGeO5 crystal, which are anisotropic and of differing sign. These results indicate the complexity of crystal formation in this system and possible limitations of using it in optical devices where a uniform stress state would be required.
Ferroelectric-like hysteresis loops induced by chemical reaction and flexoelectricity in electrochemical strain microscopy measurements
Authors: Zhang Gongxi , Yu Pengfei , Shen Shengping
Published: August 2018

Electrochemical strain microscopy (ESM) can provide useful information on electrochemical reactivity in solids at the nanometer scale. In ESM, a time variant electric field applied to the sharp tip induces the ionic flow and electrochemical reaction. This triggers strains as a result of Vegard effect and flexoelectric effect, and the corresponding surface displacement can be detected by the tip. As such, the process involves mechanical-electrical-chemical coupling. A series of analytical descriptions was established to analyze the image formation and spectroscopic mechanism of ESM. However, most of the existing models are limited to the partial coupling or ignore the flexoelectric effect. In this paper, based on a fully coupled theory for thermal-electrical-chemical-mechanical processes, a model which accounts for the bulk defect electrochemical reaction, direct and inverse flexoelectric effect, and steric effect is developed for the mixed ionic-electronic conductor with an ionically blocking electrode. Here, the bulk defect electrochemical reactions are especially taken into account, which are ubiquitous in some electrochemical systems but usually omitted in the previous works. As an application of this work, the dynamic response of ESM measurement is solved numerically under the excitation of sinusoidal voltage. Numerical results reveal that there is an unambiguous ferroelectric-like hysteresis of the displacement-voltage loops, and the response is dependent on the frequency of applied excitation. Besides, the bulk defect electrochemical reaction has a salient influence on the particle distributions and the contribution of flexoelectric effect to the local surface displacement is marked. This work may help us to explain the image formation of ESM and explore the electrochemical process in solids.
Parity-time symmetry shortens laser pulses in two-ring laser
Authors: Larter Raima
Published: August 2018

An actively mode-locked two-ring laser system with parity-time symmetry produces short pulses as the result of a PT phase transition.
Gender assignment in Basque/Spanish mixed determiner phrases
Authors: Badiola Lucia , Sande Ariane
Published: August 2018

We examine the gender assignment strategies used in Basque/Spanish mixed Determiner Phrases in Gernika Basque. Twenty-one simultaneous bilinguals completed a survey containing an Acceptability Judgment Task, a Forced-choice task, two proficiency tests, and a linguistic background questionnaire. Two Linear Mixed Models revealed that participants use two strategies. First, they assign the Spanish masculine determiner, el, to most Basque nouns. Second, when the Basque noun ends in lexical a, they prefer to assign the Spanish feminine determiner, la, potentially as a result of homophony with the canonical ending for Spanish feminine nouns. Our findings contrast with what Parafita-Couto et al. (2015) found for the same language pair. Yet, they align with what Liceras et al. (2008) found for English/Spanish simultaneous bilinguals.
Adjective placement in Spanish and Basque mixed DPs
Authors: de Nicolás Irati , Robledo Jon
Published: August 2018

The present study examines the relative order of noun-adjective sequences within a code-switched DP among Basque/Spanish bilinguals. Several hypotheses have been considered: is this a property defined by the determiner (Bartlett, 2013), the adjective (Cantone & MacSwan, 2009) or the noun (Arnaus et al., 2012)? We propose a new look at the problem by using code-switching of Basque/Spanish, two languages whose typological properties partially overlap. The Basque adjective is rigidly post nominal, while Spanish adjectives range from obligatory pre-nominal to obligatory post-nominal. We found that neither the N nor the D seem to play a role. Furthermore, the study showed that the adjective is responsible for word order in these contexts. Thus, our results confirm Cantone and MacSwan (2009).
Modality in experimental code-switching research
Authors: Koronkiewicz Bryan , Ebert Shane
Published: August 2018

Various methodological concerns are specific to code-switching research; however, the modality of experimental stimuli has yet to be thoroughly investigated. This study explicitly tests if the mode of presentation does in fact affect participants’ judgments in Spanish-English code-switching using two different syntactic phenomena: (i) pronouns and lexical DPs, and (ii) wh-movement. The results are parallel, but not identical for the two modalities. We found no difference on a global level, indicating that written code-switched stimuli do not produce depressed ratings. We found a few individual differences when looking at specific structures within the two phenomena. In those cases, the aural condition enhanced the ratings of more acceptable sentences. Crucially, these differences did not affect the interpretation of the results.
Representing Multiple Observed Actions in the Motor System
Authors: Cracco Emiel , Keysers Christian , Clauwaert Amanda , Brass Marcel
Published: August 2018

There is now converging evidence that others’ actions are represented in the motor system. However, social cognition requires us to represent not only the actions but also the interactions of others. To do so, it is imperative that the motor system can represent multiple observed actions. The current fMRI study investigated whether this is possible by measuring brain activity from 29 participants while they observed 2 right hands performing sign language gestures. Three key results were obtained. First, brain activity in the premotor and parietal motor cortex was stronger when 2 hands performed 2 different gestures than when 1 hand performed a single gesture. Second, both individual observed gestures could be decoded from brain activity in the same 2 regions. Third, observing 2 different gestures compared with 2 identical gestures activated brain areas related to motor conflict, and this activity was correlated with parietal motor activity. Together, these results show that the motor system is able to represent multiple observed actions, and as such reveal a potential mechanism by which third-party social encounters could be processed in the brain.
A comparative histomorphological and micro computed tomography study of the primary stability and the osseointegration of The Sydney Mini Screw; a qualitative pilot animal study in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: Bakopoulou Anastasia , Hoang Peter , Fathi Ali , Foley Matthew , Dunstan Colin , Dalci Oyku , Papadopoulou Alexandra K , Darendeliler M Ali
Published: August 2018

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the potential of improving orthodontic miniscrews’ (MSs) primary stability in vivo by evaluating the dispersion capacity of an injectable bone graft substitute (iBGS) through a newly designed hollow MS [The Sydney Mini Screw (SMS)] and its integration with the cortical and trabecular bone by using the femur and tibia in a New Zealand rabbit animal model.

Methods

In total, 24 MSs were randomly placed in each proximal tibia and femur of 6 New Zealand rabbits with an open surgery process. Aarhus MSs were used as controls and the effect of injection of iBGS was studied by implanting SMSs with and without iBGS injection. The dispersion of iBGS and the integration of the SMS were studied by using micro Computed Tomography (μCT) and histochemical analysis at two time points, 0 day and 8 weeks post-implantation.

Results

iBGS was successfully injected through the SMS and hardened in situ. After 8 weeks, μCT results revealed that the iBGS particles were resorbed and bone tissue was formed around the SMS and within its lateral exit holes.

Conclusions

This pilot animal study showed the high potential of the combined use of iBGS and SMS as a newly developed technique to promote the primary stability of MSs.
Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in equity and trusts. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decision. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Derek Whayman, including his assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision.
AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2015] AC 1503, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in AIB Group (UK) Plc v Mark Redler & Co Solicitors [2015] AC 1503, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd (No 1) [1975] AC 396, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision American Cyanamid Co v Ethicon Ltd (No 1) [1975] AC 396, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Armitage v Nurse [1998] Ch 241, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Armitage v Nurse [1998] Ch 241, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Bank of Credit and Commerce International (Overseas) Ltd v Akindele [2001] Ch 437, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bank of Credit and Commerce International (Overseas) Ltd v Akindele [2001] Ch 437, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd [2008] 1 WLR 1752, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cobbe v Yeoman’s Row Management Ltd [2008] 1 WLR 1752, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Coventry v Lawrence [2014] AC 822, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Coventry v Lawrence [2014] AC 822, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cowan v Scargill [1985] Ch 270, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Crédit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch [1997] 1 All ER 144, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Crédit Lyonnais Bank Nederland NV v Burch [1997] 1 All ER 144, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Crossco (No 4) Unlimited v Jolan [2012] 2 All ER 754, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Crossco (No 4) Unlimited v Jolan [2012] 2 All ER 754, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Daventry District Council v Daventry & District Housing Ltd [2012] 1 WLR 1333, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Daventry District Council v Daventry & District Housing Ltd [2012] 1 WLR 1333, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC [2015] AC 250, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in FHR European Ventures LLP v Cedar Capital Partners LLC [2015] AC 250, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Foskett v McKeown [2001] 1 AC 102, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Foskett v McKeown [2001] 1 AC 102, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2013] Ch 91, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Independent Trustee Services Ltd v GP Noble Trustees Ltd [2013] Ch 91, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Lysaght v Edwards (1876) 2 Ch D 499, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Lysaght v Edwards (1876) 2 Ch D 499, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
McPhail v Doulton, Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 1) [1971] AC 424, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McPhail v Doulton, Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 1) [1971] AC 424, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Neville Estates v Madden [1962] Ch 832, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Neville Estates v Madden [1962] Ch 832, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Novoship (UK) Ltd v Mikhaylyuk [2015] QB 499, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Novoship (UK) Ltd v Mikhaylyuk [2015] QB 499, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1973] Ch 9, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Baden’s Deed Trusts (No 2) [1973] Ch 9, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Goldcorp Exchange Ltd [1995] 1 AC 74, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Hallett’s Estate (1880) 13 Ch D 696, Court of Appeal
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Hallett’s Estate (1880) 13 Ch D 696, Court of Appeal. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Re Montagu’s Settlement Trusts [1987] Ch 264, Chancery Division
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Re Montagu’s Settlement Trusts [1987] Ch 264, Chancery Division. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Saunders v Vautier (1841) Cr & Ph 240, 41 ER 482, Court of Chancery
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Saunders v Vautier (1841) Cr & Ph 240, 41 ER 482, Court of Chancery. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Schmidt v Rosewood Trust [2003] 2 AC 709, Privy Council
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Schmidt v Rosewood Trust [2003] 2 AC 709, Privy Council. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Stack v Dowden [2007] 2 AC 432, House of Lords
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Stack v Dowden [2007] 2 AC 432, House of Lords. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Williams v Central Bank of Nigeria [2014] AC 1189, Supreme Court
Authors: Whayman Derek
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Equity & Trusts provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Williams v Central Bank of Nigeria [2014] AC 1189, Supreme Court. The document also includes supporting commentary from author Derek Whayman.
Essential Cases: Tort Law
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. Essential Cases provides you with succinct summaries of some of the landmark and most influential cases in tort law. Each summary begins with a review of the main case facts and decision. The summary is then concluded with expert commentary on the case from the author, Craig Purshouse, including his assessment of the wider questions raised by the decision.
Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1992] 1 AC 310
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Alcock v Chief Constable of South Yorkshire Police [1992] 1 AC 310. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bolam v Friern Hospital Management Committee [1957] 1 WLR 582. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bolitho v City and Hackney HA [1998] AC 232
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bolitho v City and Hackney HA [1998] AC 232. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Bolton v Stone [1951] AC 850. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Collins v Wilcock [1984] 1 WLR 1172. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Coventry v Lawrence [2014] UKSC 13. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Cox v Ministry of Justice [2016] UKSC 10
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Cox v Ministry of Justice [2016] UKSC 10. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Dunnage v Randall [2016] QB 639
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Dunnage v Randall [2016] QB 639. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2003] 1 AC 32
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Fairchild v Glenhaven Funeral Services Ltd [2003] 1 AC 32. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Gregg v Scott [2005] 2 AC 176
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Gregg v Scott [2005] 2 AC 176. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
JD v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust [2005] 2 AC 373
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in JD v East Berkshire Community Health NHS Trust [2005] 2 AC 373. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd [2002] 1 AC 215
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Lister v Hesley Hall Ltd [2002] 1 AC 215. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
McLoughlin v O’Brian [1983] 1 AC 410
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in McLoughlin v O’Brian [1983] 1 AC 410. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991] 1 AC 398
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Murphy v Brentwood DC [1991] 1 AC 398. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Docks & Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound) [1961] AC 388
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Docks & Engineering Co Ltd (The Wagon Mound) [1961] AC 388. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Page v Smith [1996] 1 AC 155. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
R (Lumba) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] 1 AC 245
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in R (Lumba) v Secretary of State for the Home Department [2012] 1 AC 245. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Reeves v Commissioner of Police of the Metropolis [2000] 1 AC 360. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Rookes v Barnard [1964] AC 1129. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.
Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] 1 AC 831
Authors: Purshouse Craig
Published: August 2018

Essential Cases: Tort Law provides a bridge between course textbooks and key case judgments. This case document summarizes the facts and decision in Smith v Eric S Bush [1990] 1 AC 831. The document also included supporting commentary from author Craig Purshouse.