bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prevalence of postpartum depression and associated risk factors in tertiary health care centre
Authors: Nandini M. Kiruba , Bhaskaran Shanta
Published: March 2024

Background: Postpartum depression (PPD) is defined as a depressive episode occurring during pregnancy or until 4-weeks post-childbirth. It is essential to diagnose postpartum depression since it can disrupt normal maternal and infant bonding and have a negative impact on both the short and long-term development of children. To determine the prevalence of postpartum depression and the associated risk factors in women delivering in a tertiary health care centre.
Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary health care centre from January 2021 to June 2022 for a period of 18 months. Pregnant women were assessed using the Edinburgh postnatal depression scale (EPDS) at 2-3 days postpartum and at 6 weeks postpartum. The cut-off score for detecting major depression is a score greater than or equal to 13.
Results: The study included 204 women, of which postpartum depression was present in 28 women. The prevalence of postpartum depression in this study group is 13.7%. Unplanned pregnancy, neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission of newborns, preterm delivery, lack of support from family, complications during pregnancy or birth, and delayed breastfeeding were significantly associated with postpartum depression.
Conclusions: Psychological and emotional well-being should also be given priority in addition to the physical well-being of women. All women who are at high risk should be screened so that PPD can be detected earlier, and support should be extended in the form of counselling and treatment.
Incidence of decision to delivery interval delay in emergency LSCS and its impact on fetal and maternal outcome: a prospective observational study
Authors: Singh Priya T. , Salana Karishma , Nehate Meetali
Published: March 2024

Background: Caesarean delivery is a complex multidisciplinary procedure. Decision to delivery interval is supposed to play a significant role in maternal and neonatal outcomes. The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of DDI delay among pregnant women undergoing Emergency LSCS in tertiary care centres.
Methods: This study was conducted on 400 subjects who underwent emergency LSCS in category I and category II during a period from November 2020 to August 2021.
Results: The maximum patients were from the age group of 25-29 years (43%), primigravida (59.1%), gestational age between 37-40 weeks (78%). 29% have undergone category-1 LCSC and 71.2% have undergone category-2 LSCS. Out of 116 patients underwent category-1 LSCS, 11 (9.5%) patient delay was present whereas in category-2 LSCS out of 284,12 (4.2%) patient delay was present. Among Category-I LSCS the most common indication was Fetal distress and among Category-II LSCS the major indication was non reassuring CTG. Maximum babies have APGAR scores between 7-10 at 1 (N=369) and 5 min (N=398). The mean cord PH was 7.31, ranged from 6.9-7.47. 98 babies required NICU admission and most of them admitted for respiratory distress. 11 patients required blood transfusion. There was no significant association found between various parameters and DDI delay, (p>0.05).
Conclusions: In the present study, the interval between the decision to delivery interval has no significant impact on feto-maternal outcome in Category-I LSCS. Among Category-II LSCS there was a delay in 12 cases, among them 7 babies required NICU admission, the complications among neonates were significantly more when DDI was >75 minutes.
Diagnostic evaluations and management of surgical scar endometriosis: a case series of 13 cases over 9 years
Authors: Kanakaraya Jamuna , Kanakaraya S. , Chandrahasa  , Bhardwaj Avni
Published: March 2024

Endometriosis is defined as localization of ectopic functional endometrial gland and stroma. Scar endometriosis is a rare benign gynecological disease affecting women in the reproductive age group. It’s incidence in post-caesarean and post-hysterotomy scar tissue is approximately 0.03-0.4% and 1.08-2% respectively. This case series reviews literature of medical data of 13 patients who presented over 9 years with incisional site endometrioma, diagnostic approaches and treatment is discussed. The patients presented in 2nd to 3rd decade of life with complaints of cyclical pain and mass at previous surgery scar. Ultrasonography (USG) detected hypoechoic mass/granuloma and inconclusive in most cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) though was suggestive of diagnosis in almost all cases. Definitive diagnosis was histopathological examination. Treatment was achieved with surgical excision in all patients, and 3 are preceded by hormonal treatment. Medical treatment can only yield symptomatic relief in pain till the hormone effect lasts. Treatment of choice is wide excision that is excision of 1 cm tissue around the mass. Endometriosis in operative site scar tissue may present as a discrete mass which may be painful and can be confused clinically with a variety of surgical conditions. It is extremely important to recognize the condition so as to avoid potential clinical pitfalls in the diagnosis of this treatable entity.
Conjoined twin parapagus dicephalus
Authors: Fakhrizal Edy , Yolanda Nola
Published: March 2024

A multi-fetus pregnancy occurs when there are two or more embryos or fetuses present at once. The most obvious anatomical position of the fusion of the fetal components can be used to classify conjoined twins, a rare congenital abnormality with an incidence of 1.5 per 100,000 births. A 29-year-old multiparous pregnant woman came to Arifin Achmad hospital, Pekanbaru, Riau. The patient received a referral from an obstetrician because there was a foetal abnormality. The patient did not have any complaints when he came to the hospital. The results of the ultrasound examination showed that the intrauterine Gemelli foetus was alive and had conjoined twins (parapagus-dicephalus). There are 2 pairs of legs, 2 pairs of hands, 2 heads, and 2 hearts. The patient was then planned for abdominal termination of pregnancy. A caesarean operation was performed, and a baby boy was born with 2 heads, 4 arms, 2 hearts, and 2 legs. With the baby's birth weight of 4200 gm, birth length of 47 cm, and Apgar score of 7/8, anal atresia was also found in the fetus. Pregnancy with multiple fetuses carries a high risk of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. The risk of complications for both the mother and the child must be reduced by the early diagnosis of multi-fetus pregnancies with conjoined twins.
Multiple lipoleiomyoma of the uterine cervix in premenopausal woman: a case report
Authors: Singh Smita , Kumar Rakesh , Jyoti Divya
Published: March 2024

Leiomyoma is a most frequently occurring benign mesenchymal tumor of monoclonal origin arising from the smooth muscle cells of the uterus. There are different subtypes of leiomyoma based on their morphological features. Lipoleiomyoma is a rare distinct variant of leiomyoma with a heterogenous cut surface comprising soft yellow areas of fatty tissue intermixed with firm rubbery areas of smooth muscle tissue. We report a case of a 35-year-old multipara premenopausal woman who presented with abdominal distension and chronic pelvic pain. Clinical examination gave an initial impression of a teratoma. Multiple large heterogenic cervical masses of varying sizes were noted on ultrasonography. Histopathological examination of the surgical resection specimen revealed multiple mature lipoleiomyomas. This case report is unique due to its occurrence in premenopausal women and its location in the cervix.
Case of ovarian torsion-detorsion-ovarian and round ligament plication to save the ovary
Authors: Gangadharaiah Mahendra , Vykuntegowda Sunil Chikkatharahalli , Vijayalaxmi  , Neelavani Tejashwini A.
Published: March 2024

Adnexal torsion is defined as twisting of the ovary and/or tube around usually the utero-ovarian ligament and in case of the ovary the infundibulopelvic ligament. Ovarian torsion is seen in reproductive age group, mainly due to enlongated ovarian ligament. Recurrence is more uncommon. This article presents a case of young 23-year-old women presenting with acute pain abdomen, with scan showing ovarian torsion, an emergency laparoscopy was performed, 1 turn of left infundibulopelvic ligament was noted and detorsion performed along with plication of round and ovarian ligament and utero-ovarian ligament plication. This helps in preventing recurrent ovarian torsion, though there is no standard management to prevent recurrent ovarian torsion, plications to some extent prevents recurrent torsion and thus also preserving fertility of women.
Unveiling the uncommon: invasive adenocarcinoma cervix presenting during pregnancy: a rare case report
Authors: Tauro Sheral R. , Singh Yanglem A. , Namoijam Basanti
Published: March 2024

Adenocarcinoma of the cervix presenting during pregnancy is an exceedingly rare occurrence, and the optimal management approach remains uncertain due to limited reported cases. Here we are presenting a case of a multiparous lady who presented with complaints of amenorrhoea for 3 months, pain abdomen, spotting per vaginum, mass felt per vaginum. Ultrasonography showed single live intrauterine pregnancy at 11 weeks 4 days of gestational age with an ill-defined hyperechoic lesion measuring 4.36×4.92×4.16 cm in cervix. HPE of cervical biopsy confirmed cervical adenocarcinoma-endocervical type, grade 2. On MRI, a heterogeneous exophytic irregular mass involving the external os, protruding into the upper vaginal cavity was identified with infiltration into the anterior upper vaginal wall, pelvic lymphadenopathy, and sub-centimetric inguinal lymph nodes were observed. The patient underwent radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection. The surgical specimen exhibited stromal invasion exceeding 5mm in depth and width greater than 7mm, involving entire cervical wall with lympho-vascular space invasion. The tumor was ER/PR negative, strongly positive for P16, and HPV studies were also positive. Adjuvant external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) was administered to the pelvis, and the patient is currently in remission.
Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser syndrome type II: a case report and literature review
Authors: Baishya Nirupam K. , Baishya Kakoli , Pathak Jyotishmita
Published: March 2024

Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome is a genetic disease consisting of absent uterus and upper part of vagina, and is seen in women with a normal karyotype (46, XX). It is one of the rare diseases where the estimated prevalence is 1:5000. Most patients present with primary amenorrhea at a young age, with or without bone or kidney abnormalities. The associated psychological aspects of this disease often enforce the need for a prompt diagnosis and treatment. The preferred method for preoperative evaluation of these patients is magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Endodermal sinus tumor of ovary with metastasis from breast carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Chandni  , Bind Nirbhay Kumar , Meena Neeta
Published: March 2024

Endodermal sinus tumor is malignant germ cell tumor of ovary. Endodermal sinus tumours (EST) also know as yolk sac tumor are rare about 1% of ovarian malignancies and highly malignant tumours occurring primarily in children and young women. Overall survival is poor. In present case patient was breast cancer survivor and completed her treatment for breast cancer 10 years back. Later on she developed rapidly growing bilateral ovarian mass. Tumor markers of epithelial ovarian tumor were raised. Gross examination was suggestive of Krukenberg tumor and on histopathological examination that was suggestive of endodermal sinus tumor, Finally, Immunohistochemistry helped to conclude the diagnosis of metastatic ovarian tumor from breast carcinoma.
Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques act-draconian or a considerate de jure tamer
Authors: Khanna Vasudha , Gopal K. Madan
Published: March 2024

Principles of gender equity are an integral part of constitution. The constitution confers equal rights and opportunities on women; bars discrimination on the basis of sex and denounces practices derogatory to the dignity of women. In spite of this, discrimination against women and girls is almost universal. Forced abortions of female foetuses and prenatal sex determination results in millions of girls not being allowed to be born just because they are girls. Pre-conception and pre-natal diagnostic techniques (PC and PNDT) act were enacted in 1994, amended and effectively implemented in 2003 and strictly amended in 2011, to curb this heinous crime of female foeticide that was taking place due to prenatal diagnostic techniques for determination of the sex of the foetus and thus, to balance the disturbed sex ratio of the country. To achieve the said purposes, the act imposes penalties for the offences committed under this Act, including clerical errors. However, according to the radiologists, the PC and PNDT act has become draconian for all practicing sonologists and radiologists instead of serving the purpose of saving the girl child. This article, explaining the provisions of PC and PNDT act, addresses the concerns of sonologists and radiologists in the light of the judgements passed by Hon’ble Supreme Court of India. It further discusses the hindrances occurring in the usage of evolved medical technology due to the provisions of the Act thereby paving way towards a much-needed legitimate decision to settle the ongoing country-wide debate.
Tokophobia: a fear of childbirth and pregnancy - an overview
Authors: Bhardwaj Mudit , Sinwal Aashutosh , Sharma Vishv Sagar , Baby Smrithimol , Singh Shagun
Published: March 2024

Tokophobia is a mental disorder that affects women of all ages and varies from a mild to severe dread of delivery. Knauer first reported in the literature in 1897 that between 20% to 78% of pregnant women experience dread connected to pregnancy and delivery. The International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynaecology published a study that found that the prevalence of tokophobia was 30.7% on Levin's scale and 55.3% on Areskog's score. Tokophobia is a multifaceted fear of labor that can be further classified into primary tokophobia and secondary tokophobia. People who have tokophobia may have extreme anxiety that manifests as nightmares, insomnia, panic attacks, and avoidance of situations involving pregnancy or childbirth. The most prevalent type of tokophobia is called secondary tokophobia, and it usually affects women who have already given birth and have experienced a traumatic delivery previously. A 20-item questionnaire called the fear of childbirth questionnaire (FCQ) is used to scale people's fear of giving birth. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is mostly used as a non-pharmacological treatment.
An analysis of indices and ratios in anthropometric body measurements among team sports athletes
Authors: Rahman M. Hamidur , Sharma J. P.
Published: March 2024

Background: Physical indices and proportions based on anthropometry are crucial for determining the performance of players in team sports. The study aims to analyze the anthropometric status, body mass and shape indices, including waist-to-hip and height ratios, among athletes from different team sports.

Methods: Study involved 135 male team-sport athletes specializing in basketball, handball, and volleyball, with 45 players in each sport. Researchers collected anthropometric data, including chronological age (CA), height (Ht), weight (Wt), body mass index (BMI), waist circumferences (WC) and hip circumferences (HC), waist-hip ratio (WHR), waist-height ratio (WHtR), and a body shape index (ABSI). To compare variables across groups, descriptive statistics and one-way ANOVA with LSD post-hoc tests used. Relationships within each group were examined using correlation analysis.

Results: The ANOVA findings indicated f values (2, 132) for CA at 0.57, p=0.57, BMI at 0.59, p=0.56, WC at 2.10, p=0.13, WHR at 1.37, p=0.27, and ABSI at 1.41, p=0.25, respectively, revealing no significant disparities among the groups. Conversely, Ht at 13.36, p=0.00, Wt at 5.74, p=0.00, HC at 6.33, p=0.00, and WHtR at 3.60, p=0.03, respectively, highlighted significant variations between the groups. Furthermore, the correlation of BMI, WC, HC, WHR, WHtR, and ABSI in each group showed a strong positive correlation (p<0.01).

Conclusions: Athletes in team sports were found to have similar body mass and shape indices, including ratios for WHR, while the WHtR ratio showed significant variations among the groups. Despite these differences, measures of athletes’ health metrics across these sports remain within safe, normal ranges.
A meta-analysis evaluating the role of calcium channel alpha-2 delta-1 subunit in carcinogenesis
Authors: Raybarman Chandan , Bhattacharjee Surajit
Published: March 2024

There is hardly found any study accumulating all the experiments reported with the expression of alpha-2 delta-1 (α2δ-1) in cancer cells. This meta-analysis aimed to advance our knowledge about the role of calcium channel alpha2 delta-1 subunit in carcinogenesis in the present time. PubMed searches for peer-reviewed articles were conducted using the keywords “α2δ-1 protein in oncogenesis”, “α2δ-1 protein expression in cancer cells”, and “α2δ-1 protein as cancer cell marker”. The databases were developed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Seventeen studies out of 80 citations met the inclusion criteria pertaining to α2δ-1 expression in different cancer cells. The cancer patterns were hepatocellular carcinoma in 41%, non-small cell lung carcinoma in 12% and laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma in 12%. The remaining studies included small-cell lung cancer (6%), gastric cancer (6%), pancreatic cancer (6%), hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (6%), breast cancer (6%) and glioblastoma multiforme (6%). α2δ-1+ cells had a higher sphere-forming and tumorigenic efficiency in 76.5% of experiments. 58.8% experiments explored mechanistically in self-renewal efficiency and tumorigenesis of α2δ-1+ cancer cells. The cancer cells expressing α2δ-1 have the potential to serve as cell surface markers for tumour-initiating cells and cancer stem cells. These intriguing findings open up a promising avenue for future research, focusing on the targeting of α2δ-1 as a potential therapeutic strategy for cancer treatment.
High volume stentolith in a case of neglected CBD stent: A case report
Authors: Anandh SM  , Raju Karthikeyan , kumar Senthil , Harikrishnan Archana , Palanigoundar Raju , Babu Ganesh
Published: March 2024

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) with endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST) and stone extraction is widely accepted as the treatment of choice for a patient of any age with choledocholithiasis.

: It describes as a forgotten stent post ERCP which acts as nidus for stone formation. Stents has to be removed within 6 weeks. Longer periods of unattended stents leads to wide range of complications like cholangitis, pancreatitis, biliary stricture and biliary cirrhosis. Management involves either endoscopic retrieval of stents or surgical exploration.
PERBANDINGAN PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PEKTIN KULIT JERUK BALI (Citrus grandis) DAN KULIT PISANG AMBON (Musa spp.) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KOLESTEROL DARAH PADA MENCIT (Mus musculus)
Authors: Soesilawaty Soesy Asiah
Published: March 2024

Pektin dikenal sebagai antikolesterol karena dapat mengikat asam empedu yang merupakan hasil akhir metabolisme kolesterol. Makin banyak asam empedu yang berikatan dengan pektin dan terbuang ke luar tubuh, makin banyak kolesterol yang di metabolisme, sehingga pada akhirnya kolesterol menurun jumlahnya. Pektin banyak ditemukan pada kulit buah-buahan, diantaranya adalah apel, pisang, dan jeruk. Sejumlah observasi dilaboratorium menunjukan bahwa pemberian pektin dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah. Berdasarkan fenomena tersebut penelitian terhadap perbandingan pengaruh pemberian pektin kulit jeruk bali dan kulit pisang ambon dalam berbagai dosis terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol darah pada mencit (Mus musculus) menghasilkan: 1) pektin kulit jeruk bali lebih baik di dalam menurunkan kolesterol darah dibandingkan pektin kulit pisang ambon, 2) dosis pektin kulit jeruk bali yang efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah adalah dosis 10%, 3) dosis pektin kulit pisang ambon yang efektif menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah adalah dosis 20%, 4) adanya hubungan yang positif antara kadar kolesterol darah dengan berat hati.
SINTESIS KALIKS[4]RESORSINARENA DARI MINYAK KAYUMANIS DAN PENGGUNAANNYA UNTUK EKSTRAKSI FASA PADAT LOGAM BERAT HG(II) DAN PB(II)
Authors: Sardjono Ratnaningsih E. , Dwiyanti Gebi , Aisyah Siti , Khoerunnisa Fitri
Published: March 2024

Sintesis C-sinamal kaliks[4]resorsinarena (CSKR) dari minyak kayumanis dan penggunanannya untuk ekstraksi fasa padat logam berat Pb(II) dan Hg(II) telah dilakukan. CSKR diperoleh sebanyak 75% sebagai produk reaksi resorsinol dan sinamaldehida pada 77oC selama 24 jam. Isolasi sinamaldehida dari minyak kayumanis melalui metode bisulfit menghasilkan sinamaldehida sebanyak 79% dengan kemurnian 99,5%. Ekstraksi fasa padat Pb(II) dan Hg(II) oleh CSKR dilakukan dalam sistem batch pada berbagai pH, waktu interaksi, dan konsentrasi logam. Ekstraksi fasa padat Pb(II) berlangsung optimum pada pH 4, waktu interaksi 180 menit, dan konsentrasi awal 6,6 mg/L, mengikuti model kinetika pseudo orde dua, mengikuti model isoterm Langmuir, serta memberikan kapasitas ekstraksi sebesar 1,986 mol/g atau 37,2%. Sementara itu, ekstraksi fasa padat Hg(II) berlangsung optimum pada pH 5, waktu interaksi 180 menit, dan konsentrasi awal 0,36 mg/L, mengikuti model kinetika pseudo orde dua, mengikuti model isoterm Freundlich, serta memberikan kapasitas ekstraksi sebesar 0,71 mol/g atau 79,1%.
PENGEMBANGAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MODIFIED STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISION (MSTAD) DALAM MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA PEMBELAJARAN STRUKTUR ALJABAR
Authors: Sari Kartika , Suciptawati Ni Luh Putu
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenerapan model Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) dalam pembelajaran Struktur Aljabar menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dalam memahami materi lambat terdeteksi dan perlu tambahan waktu untuk menyelesaikan semua materi. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dikembangkan modifikasi model STAD yaitu model pembelajaran Modified Student Teams Achievement Division (MSTAD).Pengembangan dilakukan melalui tiga tahap yaitu mengembangkan ide baru berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, mengem-bangkan hasil, dan melaksanakan uji coba. Uji coba dilakukan pada mahasiswa yang mengambil mata kuliah Struktur Aljabar 1 pada Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 dan 2014/2015 di Jurusan Matematika salah satu Universitas di Bali. Hasil ujicoba menunjukkan bahwa kesalahan dalam memahami materi dapat terdeteksi lebih awal dan materi juga dapat diselesaikan tepat waktu. Hasil analisis statistik juga menunjukkan bahwa kelas yang pembelajarannya menerapkan model MSTAD memiliki nilai hasil belajar yang lebih baik dibandingkan kelas yang pembelajarannya menerapkan model STAD maupun metode konvensional baik untuk Tahun Ajaran 2013/2014 (t= -9,339 t0,05(41) = -2,702) maupun untuk Tahun Ajaran 204/2015 (Z0,5(1-0,01)=0,4950 = 2,57).ABSTRACTThe application of Students Team Achievement Division (STAD) model in learning algebra structure indicated that the model is slow on detecting an error in understanding the material and it also need more time to completely delivered all of the course’s material. Therefore, in this study STAD was modified into Modified Students Teams Achievement Division (MSTAD). MSTAD development was carried out through three stages: developing new ideas based on previous research, developing results, and conducting trials. Trials were performed on students taking Algebra Structure 1 course in 2013/2014 and 2014/2015 academic year in one of the universities in Bali. Results showed that error in understanding the material was detected early, and every material was delivered on time. Statistical analysis also showed that class where MSTAD was applied achieve significantly better learning outcomes compared to STAD class and conventional class for 2013/2014 academic year (t= -9,339 t0,05(41) = -2,702) as well as 2014/2015 academic year (Z0,5(1-0,01)=0,4950 = 2,57).
KOMPARASI KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE STUDENT TEAMS ACHIEVEMENT DIVISIONS (STAD) DAN TIPE THINK-PAIR-SHARE (TPS) PADA SISWA SMP
Authors: Suripah Suripah
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh bukti empiris tentang keefektifan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan TPS ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan minat siswa SMP terhadap matematika. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuasi eksperimen dengan desain completely randomized factorial design. Sampel penelitian adalah siswa kelas VII dari dua sekolah yang ada di Kabupaten Kebumen. Instrumen penelitian terdiri atas tes dan angket minat yang berisi soal-soal uraian dan item pernyataan untuk mengetahui keefektifan model pembelajaran ditinjau dari aspek prestasi dan minat belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan prestasi yang signifikan untuk kelas STADA (p= 0,046), STADB (p= 0,000), TPSA (p= 0,000), dan TPSA (p= 0,042). Pada aspek minat, kelas STAD dan TPS juga berbeda signifikan (p=0,001, ). Hasil analisis Multivariat menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi antara model pembelajaran dengan jenis sekolah (p=0,001 ). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD dan tipe TPS efektif ditinjau dari aspek prestasi maupun minat siswa terhadap matematika. ABSTRACTThis study aimed to get empirical evidence about the effectiveness of STAD and TPS cooperative learning on junior high school students’ achievement and interest in mathematics. This study was a quasi-experimental research design with completely randomized factorial design. Sample were seventh grade students from two schools in Kebumen. The research instruments consisted of tests and interest questionnaire which contains questions and statement to determine the effectiveness of the learning model on students’ achievement and interest. The results showed that there was significant difference in achievement for STADA class (p = 0.046), STADB (p = 0.000), TPSA (p = 0.000), and TPSA (p = 0.042). In terms of interest, STAD and TPS significantly differed (p = 0.001, p 0.005). Multivariate analysis results show that there was interaction between learning model with the type of school (p = 0.001, p 0.005). It can be concluded that STAD and TPS cooperative learning were effective from the aspect of students' achievement and interest in mathematics.
STRATEGI PEMBELAJARAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS) BERBASIS EKSPERIMEN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOGNITIF DAN KETERAMPILAN BERPIKIR KREATIF
Authors: Busyairi Ahmad , Sinaga Parlindungan
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran terkait peningkatan kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pemecahan masalah siswa setelah diberikan perlakuan dengan pembelajaran CPS berbasis eksperimen dan pembelajaran kovensional. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan desain the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 58 siswa SMA yang dibagi ke dalam dua kelas (29 kelas eksperimen dan 29 kelas kontrol). Data yang terkumpul kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan N-gain, Uji-t, dan perhitungan effect size. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan kognitif siswa untuk kedua kelas sama-sama mengalami peningkatan dengan kategori sedang. Untuk keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pemecahan masalah siswa, kelas eksperimen mengalami peningkatan dengan ketegori sedang sedangkan kelas kontrol meningkat dengan kategori rendah. Berdasarkan hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran CPS berbasis eksperimen secara signifikan dapat lebih meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pemecahan masalah siswa dibanding penerapan pembelajaran konvensional. Selain itu, berdasarkan hasil perhitungan effect size menunjukkan bahwa penerapan pembelajaran CPS berbasis eksperimen efektif dalam meningkatkan kemampuan kognitif dan keterampilan berpikir kreatif dalam pemecahan masalah siswa dengan kategori sedang.ABSTRACTThis study aimed to get an idea related to the development of cognitive abilities and creative thinking skills in problem solving student after being given treatment with CPS-based experimental learning and conventional learning. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental design with the randomized pretest-posttest control group design. The research sample group of 58 high school students who are divided into two classes (class 29 experimental and 29 control group). The collected data was then analyzed using N-gain calculation, t-test, and the calculation of effect size. The result showed that the students' cognitive abilities for both classes equally increased by the moderate category. For the creative thinking skills of students in problem solving, experimental class increased by categories was increased while the control class with low category. Based on the test results show that the application of learning hypothesis-based experiments CPS can significantly improve the cognitive abilities and skills of creative thinking in solving problems of students compared to the application of conventional learning. In addition, based on the calculation of effect size indicates that the application of experiment-based learning CPS effective in improving cognitive ability and creative thinking skills in problem solving students with moderate category.
PENGEMBANGAN TES DIAGNOSTIK TWO-TIER BERBASIS PIKTORIAL UNTUK MENGIDENTIFIKASI MISKONSEPSI SISWA PADA MATERI LARUTAN ELEKTROLIT DAN NONELEKTROLIT
Authors: Siswaningsih Wiwi , Firman Harry , Rofifah Rifa
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan tes diagnostik two-tier berbasis piktorial yang dapat mengidentifikasi miskonsepsi siswa pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit, atau disebut Tes Diagnostik Miskonsepsi Larutan Elektrolit dan Nonelektrolit (TDM-LENON). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Development and Validation. Validasi butir soal meliputi validitas isi dan reliabilitas. Berdasarkan validitas isi, 19 butir soal dinyatakan valid dengan nilai CVR (Content Validity Ratio) untuk masing-masing butir soal sebesar 1. Berdasarkan uji reliabilitas, diperoleh 18 soal yang secara keseluruhan memiliki nilai Cronbach’s Alpha sebesar 0,706 yang menunjukkan bahwa tes yang dikembangkan masuk ke dalam kategori dapat diterima. Butir soal yang telah memenuhi kriteria validitas isi dan reliabilitas diaplikasikan kepada 34 siswa kelas X di salah satu SMA Negeri di Kota Bandung. Berdasarkan hasil aplikasi tersebut, teridentifikasi miskonsepsi yang yang dialami siswa pada materi larutan elektrolit dan nonelektrolit, dengan miskonsepsi bahwa semua elektrolit merupakan senyawa ion adalah miskonsepsi yang paling banyak terjadi (64,7%). ABSTRACTThe aim of of this research was to develop two-tier pictorial-based diagnostics test to identify students’ misconception about the concept of electrolyte and non-electrolyte, or Diagnostics Test for Misconception about Electrolyte and Non-Electrolyte Solution (TDM-LENON). Research method was Development and Validation. Questions were validated its content validity and reliability. Based on content validity, 19 questions were deemed valid with 1 Content Validity Ratio (CVR) value. In terms of its reliability, 18 questions were deemed reliable with Cronbach’s Alpha value 0,706. All validated questions were applied to 34 students in one of Senior High Schools in Bandung. Based on this application results, students’ misconceptions regarding electrolyte and non-electrolyte solution were discovered, with misconception that all electrolyte are ionic compound was found as common misconception in the students (64,7%).
PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KINERJA PADA PEMBELAJARAN TITRASI ASAM BASA DENGAN METODE PRAKTIKUM
Authors: Nahadi Nahadi , Anwar Sjaeful , Pertiwi Hanifah Ratih
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian Research and development (RD) ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen penilaian kinerja berupa tugas (task) dan rubrik (rubric) untuk menilai kinerja siswa pada praktikum titrasi asam basa. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa kelas XI IPA di salah satu SMA di Kota Bandung. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar validasi, format observasi dan pedoman wawancara. Uji validasi dan reliabilitas menunjukan bahwa instrumen penilaian kinerja yang dikembangkan memiliki validitas dan reliabilitas sebesar 0,84 dan 0,91. Hasil penggunaan instrumen penilaian kinerja ini menunjukkan bahwa instrumen ini dapat mengungkap kinerja siswa dalam praktikum titrasi asam basa sehingga kinerja dapat dikategorikan menjadi sangat baik, baik, kurang, atau tidak melakukan setiap tahapan praktikum. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa instrumen penilaian kinerja yang dikembangkan memenuhi syarat sebagai alat evaluasi yang baik untuk menilai kinerja siswa pada praktikum titrasi asam basa.ABSTRACTThe aim of this Research and Development (RD) study was to develop performance assesment instrument in a form of task and rubric to evaluate students’ performance in acid-base titration practicum. Subjects were eleventh-grader science students in one of senior high schools in Bandung. Instruments were validation sheets, observation format, and interview guidelines. Validation and reliability test showed that the performance assesment instrument validity and reliability score were 0.84 and 0.91, respectively. The application of the instrument showed that students’ performance can be uncovered in which it can be categorized as excellent, good, poor, or did not carry out every practicum steps. It can be concluded that the performance assesment instrument can be used as a good assessment tools in evaluating students’ performance in acid-base titration practicum.
PROMOTING STUDENTS’ CONCEPTUAL CHANGE ON THE CONCEPT OF ECOSYSTEM THROUGH PDEODE (PREDICT-DISCUSS-OBSERVE-EXPLAIN-DISCUSS-EXPLAIN) TEACHING STRATEGY
Authors: Nugraha Ikmanda , Anggraeni Sri , Amprasto Amprasto
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini menyelidiki perubahan konseptual pada pemahaman siswa tentang konsep ekosistem.Variasi dari strategi pengajaran POE (Predict-Discuss-Explain) yakni PDEODE (Predict-Discuss-Explain-Observe-Discuss-Explain) diterapkan selama penelitian ini. Sampel penelitian adalah 28 siswa di salah satu Sekolah Menengah Atas di Bandung. Ide-ide siswa tentang konsep ekosistem diungkap dengan menggunakan ujian 10 soal yang disebut sebagai ECT (Ecosystem Conceptual Test). Perubahan konseptual siswa dalam hal pema-haman tentang konsep ekosistem dievaluasi dengan ECT pada pretes, postes, dan delayed posttest. Hasil uji ANOVA satu arah menunjukkan nilai ketiga tes berbeda signifikan (p0,05) yang menunjukkan bahwa PDEODE membantu siswa untuk memperoleh pemahaman yang lebih baik. Selain itu, tidak adanya perbedaan yang signifikan antara postes dan delayed posttest mengindikasikan bahwa strategi pengajaran ini dapat membantu siswa untuk mempertahankan pemahaman baru mereka.ABSTRACTThis study investigated conceptual change in students’ understanding of ecosystem concept. The PDEODE (Predict-Discuss-Explain-Observe-Discuss-Explain) teaching strategy, a variant of classical POE (Predict-Discuss-Explain) was implemented during the study. Sample was 28 senior high school students in one of senior high school in Bandung. Students’ ideas about ecosystem concept were revealed by a ten questions-test called ECT (Ecosystem Conceptual Test). Conceptual change in student’s understanding of ecosystem concept was evaluated by administering ECT in pretest, posttest, and delayed posttest.Tests’ score were then analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. One-way ANOVA test result showed statistically significant score difference (p0.05) in each test which suggested PDEODE helped the students to achieve better understanding. Moreover, no statistically significant differences were found between posttest and delayed posttest scores, indicating that the teaching strategy helped the student to retain their new conceptions.
ANALISIS SOAL JENJANG KOGNITIF TAKSONOMI BLOOM REVISI PADA BUKU SEKOLAH ELEKTRONIK (BSE) BIOLOGI SMA
Authors: Juhanda Aa
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemunculan soal jenjang kognitif Bloom Revisi pada Buku Sekolah Elektronik (BSE) Biologi SMA. Subjek penelitian adalah 1.650 soal yang terdapat pada BSE Edisi 2009. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah lembar analisis dokumen yang di dalamnya memuat informasi seperti kode soal, soal, dan jenis tingkatan kognitif taksonomi Bloom Revisi. Analisis data dilakukan secara kuan-titatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rerata persentase kemunculan cukup tinggi diper-oleh pada soal yang mengembangkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat rendah (Lower-Order Thinking Skills) yaitu soal C1 (mengingat) sebesar 46,60% dan C2 (memahami) sebesar 47,99%, meskipun untuk C3 (mene-rapkan) persentasenya masih rendah (0,28%). Rerata persentase kemunculan soal yang mengembangkan keterampilan tingkat tinggi (Higher-Order Thinking Skills) mulai dari soal C4 (menganalisis) sampai dengan C6 (mencipta) memiliki rerata persentase yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, kemunculan soal jenjang kognitif Bloom Revisi pada BSE khususnya yang mengembangkan Higher-Order Thinking Skills masih perlu untuk ditingkatkan.ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of the Revised-Bloom’s cognitive level questions in high school Biology Electronic Book (BSE). Research subject was 1,650 questions from BSE 2009 edition. Research instrument was documents’ analysis sheet in which it contains information such as question's code, descriptions, and its cognitive level type. The data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Results showed that high average occurrence percentage was found for questions developing lower-order thinking skills namely C1 or remembering (46.60%) and C2 or understanding (47.99%), although C3 or applying was still low (0.28%). For questions developing higher-order thinking skills, from C4 (analyzing) to C6 (creating), its average percentage occurrences were low. Therefore, the occurrence of the Revised-Bloom’s cognitive level questions, especially those developing higher-order thinking still needs to be improved.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN EXPERIENTIAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN DAN KETERAMPILAN MERANCANG RISET PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Suatma Suatma
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKUntuk menjadi seorang guru peneliti, mahasiswa calon guru harus memiliki keterampilan riset pendidikan yang memadai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembelajaran experiential ter-hadap kemampuan dan keterampilan mahasiswa calon guru biologi dalam merancang riset penelitian pendi-dikan. Sampel penelitian adalah 68 mahasiswa calon guru biologi yang mengambil mata kuliah Metodologi Penelitian. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah tes objektif dan rubrik penilaian proposal. Hasil tes objektif me-nunjukkan bahwa rerata pemahaman mahasiswa calon guru biologi tentang perancangan riset pendidikan pa-da saat pretes adalah 27,35% sedangkan untuk postes adalah 40,94%. Penghitungan N-Gain menghasilkan ni-lai N-Gain 0,18 dan nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dari pretes ke postes termasuk dalam kategori rendah. Hasil penilaian proposal menunjukkan bahwa rerata penguasaan keterampilan merancang riset adalah 59,15%. Hasil penilaian proposal ini menunjukkan bahwa meskipun pembelajaran Experiential kurang ber-pengaruh pada peningkatan aspek kognitif, pendekatan ini dapat membantu mahasiswa calon guru biologi da-lam merancang proposal riset pendidikan. ABSTRACTTo become a teacher researcher, pre-service teachers should have sufficient education research skills. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of experiential learning in improving pre-service biology teachers’ skills in designing education research. Sample were 68 pre-service biology teachers enrolling in Biology Research Methodology course. Research instruments were objective test and research proposals assessment rubric. Objective test results showed that pretest average was 27.35% while posttest average was 40.94%. N-Gain value was 0.18 and this value indicates that the increment from pretest to posttest was categorized in low category. Results of proposal assessment showed that the average skill in designing education research was 59.15%. Proposal assessment results indicate that although experiential learning has low impact in improving cognitive aspect, this approach can help pre-service teachers in designing education research proposal.
GAMBARAN PANDANGAN MAHASISWA CALON GURU BIOLOGI DAN GURU IPA TENTANG INKUIRI ILMIAH
Authors: Adisendjaja Yusuf Hilmi , Rustaman Nuryani , Redjeki Sri , Satori Djam'an
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKInkuiri ilmiah merupakan salah satu tujuan penting dalam pembelajaran sains yang disarankan kurikulum namun pelaksanaannya tidak seperti yang diinginkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi pemahaman inkuri ilmiah mahasiswa calon guru biologi/IPA dan guru IPA. Sebanyak 34 orang mahasiswa program studi Pendidikan Biologi semester 7 dan 25 orang guru IPA terlibat dalam penelitian ini. Gambaran pemahaman inkuiri ilmiah dieksplor dengan menggunakan kuesioner VASI (Views About Scientific Inquiry. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemahaman mahasiswa calon guru Biologi/IPA lebih baik daripada guru IPA pada beberapa aspek inkuiri ilmiah. Namun demikian, kedua kelompok responden masih memiliki pemahaman yang kurang pada aspek karakteristik penyelidikan ilmiah, fungsi pertanyaan dalam sebuah penelitian, hubungan antara pertanyaan, prosedur dan kesimpulan. Kedua kelompok juga belum memahami tentang bukti ilmiah, alasan memilih prosedur, dan hubungan antara data yang ditemukan dengan penelitian sebelumnya.ABSTRACTScientific inquiry is the main objective of science education. However, its practice was not as we want it to be. This research objective was to explore prospective biology teachers’ and science teachers’ views on scientific inquiry. Thirty four-seventh semester biology students and 25 science teachers participated in this research. Scientific inquiry was explored using Views About Scientific Inquiry (VASI) Questionnaire. Results showed that understanding level of pre-service biology teachers was better than science teachers understanding in some aspects of scientific inquiry. However, both respondents lack understanding of some aspects in scientific inquiry, i.e. scientific investigation characteristics, an investigation begin with a question, question guides a procedure, scientific evidence, procedure selection, and the relation data collecting and previous investigation.
PENGARUH PENERAPAN STRATEGI PEER ASSISTED LEARNING (PAL) TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN LITERASI SAINS MAHASISWA DALAM PERKULIAHAN MORFOLOGI TUMBUHAN
Authors: Diana Sariwulan
Published: March 2024

ABSTRAKTelah dilakukan penelitian tentang pengaruh penerapan strategi Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) dalam perkuliahan Morfologi Tumbuhan, yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan literasi sains mahasiswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen, dengan rancangan quasi eksperimental jenis pretest postest control group design. Rancangan tersebut mencakup satu kelompok mahasiswa yang diberi pretes (tes yang dilakukan sebelum perlakuan PAL) yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan mengobservasi proses perlakuan PAL dan diakhiri postes. Satu kelompok mahasiswa lainnya (kontrol) hanya diberi pretes dan diakhiri postes. Ins-trumen penelitian meliputi angket untuk menjaring tutor, seperangkat soal pretes, soal responsi, soal postes dan angket tentang respon mahasiswa terhadap program PAL yang dilakukan. Penerapan strategi PAL ber-pengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan kemampuan literasi sains mahasiswa dalam perkuliahan Mor-fologi Tumbuhan (thitung dari ttabel). Peningkatan literasi sains mahasiswa pada kelas eksperimen termasuk kategori sedang (N-gain 0,4) dan rendah (N-gain 0,1) pada kelas kontrol. Semua mahasiswa merespon positif terhadap startegi PAL yang dilakukan. ABSTRACTResearch on the effect Peer Assisted Learning (PAL) strategy implementation in Plant Morphology Course, which aims to improve students’ scientific literacy has been done. This study used an experimental method, with a quasi experimental pretest posttest control group design. The draft includes a group of students given a pretest (tests performed before PAL treatment) which is then followed by observing the PAL treatment process and posttest. One other student group (control) was observe only by pretest and posttest. The research instruments include a questionnaire to solicit tutor, a set of pretest and posttest questions, tutorial, and questionnaires about student response to the PAL program. Implementation of the PAL strategy significantly effected students’ scientific literacy ability (tcalc. dari ttable). Students’ scientific literacy ability were increased with moderate category (N-gain 0.4) in the experimental class and lower category (N-gain 0.1) in the control class. All students respond positively to the PAL strategy.
ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN DAN KESULITAN SISWA SMP DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL BILANGAN MODEL TIMSS
Authors: Budi Prasetyo Dominikus Arif , Rudhito Marcellinus Andy
Published: March 2024

Bilangan adalah konsep penting dalam matematika dan merupakan salah satu materi yang diujikan dalam studi TIMSS. Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kemampuan siswa dalam menjawab soal bilangan TIMSS ada-lah dengan mengembangkan soal bilangan model TIMSS. Penelitian ini menyelidiki kemampuan dan kesulitan siswa dalam menjawab soal bilangan model TIMSS dengan 31 siswa di salah satu SMP di Jawa Tengah seba-gai sampel. Kemampuan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal bilangan model TIMSS diukur melalui tes dengan 32 soal pilihan majemuk, sedangkan kesulitan yang dialami siswa ketika mengerjakan soal tes digali melalui lembar komentar siswa. Rerata nilai tes menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan siswa untuk semua ranah konten dan kognitif tergolong sedang. Kesulitan yang dialami siswa dalam menjawab soal bilangan model TIMSS mi-salnya tidak memahami maksud soal maupun kesalahan dalam mengubah bentuk pecahan dan melakukan per-hitungan. Hasil mengindikasikan bahwa selain belum memiliki pemahaman yang mendalam tentang materi bi-langan, siswa juga belum memiliki kesempatan yang memadai untuk melatih kemampuan dalam menjawab so-al model TIMSS.ABSTRACT Numbers is an important concept in mathematics and one of the tested materials in TIMSS’s study. One of the efforts to increase students’ ability in solving TIMSS numbers questions is by developing TIMSS model-num-bers questions. This current research investigated students’ ability and difficulties in solving TIMSS model-numbers questions, with 31 students in one of junior high schools in Central Java as a sample. Students’ ability in solving TIMSS model-numbers questions was measured by test with 32 multiple choice questions, whereas students’ difficulties when solving those questions were explored by students’ comment sheet. Mean test score indicates that students' ability for all content and cognitive domains was moderate. Difficulties experienced by students in solving TIMSS model-numbers questions were misunderstood the meaning of the questions or er-ror in changing fractional forms and making calculations. The results indicated that in addition to having no deep understanding of numbers, students’ opportunity to train their ability in solving TIMSS model-numbers questions was still insufficient.How to cite: Prasetyo, D.A.B., Rudhito, M.A. (2016). Analisis Kemampuan dan Kesulitan Siswa SMP da-lam Menyelesaikan Soal Bilangan Model TIMSS, Jurnal Pengajaran MIPA, 21(2), 122-128.