bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Islamic perspective on end of life issues in persistent vegetative state patients - a case report
Authors: Rathor Mohammad Yousuf , Draman Dr Che Rosle
Published: January 2021

Persistent vegetative state (PVS) is a clinical condition of unawareness of self and environment with preserved sleep-wake cycles. Its clinical diagnosis can be a difficult unless a physician has adequate experience and expertise in evaluating neurological syndromes. Outcome is based on aetiology and age. Decisions on limiting life-sustaining treatment (LST) for these patients are emotionally and morally challenging. We present a case of a young boy who went into PVS following traumatic brain injury (TBI) with the aim to review some of the ethical issues regarding its management from Islamic perspective.
Latent Class Analysis of Dental Treatment: Observed in IIUM Dental Specialist Clinic, Kuantan, Pahang
Authors: Kharuddin Azrul Fazwan , Ismail Khadilla , Ghazali@Suhaimi Siti Sarah , Abu Bakar Noraini , Mokhtar Khairani Idah
Published: January 2021

Research into dental treatment via statistical perspective was unraveled through a relation between theoretical and experimental probability. This assessment of association was examined using statistical test over Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and Latent Class Analysis (LCA). Theoretical results of the prevailing difference between the direct and indirect upshot was verified through a technique known as integrated model by using Mplus® software package. The results expressively show that the dental treatment from the indirect effect has better performance than the direct effect. Besides that, there is a dramatic improvement of dental treatment from different type of malocclusion analysis. Three classes of different type of malocclusion analysis play an important role as mediator for demographic variable and type of dental treatment.
Parents’ Satisfaction on Children’s Dental Care Received at the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia
Authors: Harun Nor Asilah , Kassim Noor Lide Abu , Kashmoola Sayfaldeen Muhannad , Ghazali Ahmad Badruddin bin
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Part of the undergraduate training in dental school is treating dental patients under close supervision of trained supervisors. Islam emphasises the highest quality in service rendered. Aim: To evaluate parent’s satisfaction with their children’s dental care provided by undergraduate dental students at the Student Polyclinic, Kulliyyah of Dentistry (KOD), International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Materials and Methodology: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study. A self-administered questionnaire with questions on accessibility and availability, physical environment, service quality, interpersonal communication, cost of treatment, efficacy and treatment outcome was distributed to parents whose children received dental treatment anytime January 2013 to October 2013. Data collected was analysed using the Independent Sample T-Test, and Mann-Whitney Test. Results: 70 questionnaires were completed and analysed. The results showed that the average level of parental satisfaction was high. The parents were most satisfied with students’ interpersonal communication. The level of satisfaction of parents of female children is higher than parents of male children although the difference was not significant. No significant differences were found in relation to which parent accompanied the child for treatment and the parent’s education level. However, the parent’s level of satisfaction is associated with type of occupation, where non-health-related workers expressed higher level of satisfaction (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Parents were generally satisfied with the care that their children received, mainly with the aspect of students’ interpersonal communication and physical environment of the clinic. The results also indicated that level of satisfaction is associated with the nature of the parent’s occupation.
Preliminary Study on the Formulation of Syariah Compliant Generic Sustained Release Gliclazide Tablet Using Xanthan Gum
Authors: Mat Zin Nik Mohamad Lukman , Abd Mubin Anis Syazwani , Mohd Nawi Mohamed Sufian , Helaluddin Abul Bashar Mohammed , Kasmur Abdul Razak , Mandal Uttam Kumar
Published: January 2021

Gliclazide (1-(3,3a,4,5,6,6a-hexahydro-1H-cyclopenta[c]pyrrol-2-yl)-3-(4-methylphenyl)sulfonylurea) is a second-generation sulfonylurea which is orally administered in the treatment of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in adults. Sustain release drugs help to improve drugs bioavailability by controlling the time of drug release or prolonging it. We are reporting the preliminary formulation of sustain release gliclazide tablets with careful choice of all the ingredients and processes related to syariah compliance manufacturing of pharmaceutical products. In this work, xanthan gum, a natural gum was used to achieve the sustain release criteria. The tablets were produced by wet granulation and semi-automatic tableting process. Tablet characterisation was done following the British Pharmacopoeia (BP) criteria. We expect that the outcome of our study will result in a suitable formulation that could be useful for the formulation of such product that will be helpful for the Muslim patient especially during the fasting month.
Review on the Control of Waterborne Diseases – The Islamic Approach
Authors: Md Isa Muhammad Lokman , Abdullah Jainul Mohammed , Yusof Afzan Mat
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Scarcity of fresh water is currently blighting the population of the least developed countries around the world. According to WHO, waterborne diseases accounts for 4.1% of total disability adjusted life years (DALYs) with a mortality rate of 1.8 million per year. Numerous pathogens and chemicals may be the potential sources of water contamination that leads to waterborne diseases in humans. Some pathogens are only active and express disease whilst within the host. The aim of this article is to identify the cause of water-borne diseases and how to control it from the Islamic perspective. Material and Methods: In this review we had compiled the latest scientific findings related to waterborne diseases and integrated them with Islamic approach of cleanliness. There are many Hadiths of the Prophet (peace be upon him) (PBUH) regarding methods of cleanliness with scientific background to control waterborne diseases. Water pollution may be a natural process, men made, intentional or accidental. More often than not, man are infected after accidently consuming or coming in contact with contaminated water Results: Scientific literature search reveals that individual hygiene and sanitation is the most prominent way to prevent waterborne diseases. In Islam, Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) puts a great emphasize on purification in terms of personal cleanliness and made it mandatory to follow rule to remain pure both physically and spiritually. Conclusions: Sunnatic approaches of cleanliness may hinder waterborne disease.
Spermatogonial Stem Cells Protein Marker Identification from in vitro Differentiation of NonObstructive Azoospermia (NOA) Testes Biopsies Cells: An approach In Line with Maqasid Shariah to Maintain the Heredity
Authors: Abdul Wahab Azantee Yazmie , Ramli Roszaman , Ahmad Ariffin Syamsul , Mat Yusuf Afzan , Abd Razak Redzuan , Raihan Ahmad Afif , Muhammad Husin , Md Isa Lokman
Published: January 2021

Azoospermia is present in 15% of infertile cases and it is a major concern due to inability to produce sperm. Most of IVF (in-vitro fertilization) clinics abroad has been using sperm donation via sperm bank facilities as a solution for infertile couple to have their own offspring. In Islam, it is forbidden to use sample from male other than their spouse. It is according to maqasid syari’ah to ensure the heredity of the human being. Based on the latest technology, one approach of stem cell differentiation process had been established to produce mature cells from primitive or immature cells (stem cells). This technology is in line with the concept of maqasid syari’ah since we are using the cells from one person. We try to adopt this technology to study the potential of testicular cells from non-obstructive azoospermic (NOA) patient to undergo in vitro spermatogenesis. Samples were cultured in modified human embryonic stem cells (HESC) media with specific growth factors; basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). Protein expressions were analyzed by immunofluorescent staining on day 49 and 90 of culture. Results show spermatogonial stem cell-like cells (SSC-like cells) colonies formed after 14 to 21 days, the cells were expanding successfully and were stable for 49 days duration. Then SSCs differentiated into later stage of spermatogenesis on day 90. Four specifics SSCs protein markers were identified on day 49; ITGA1, ITGB1, CD9 and GFRA1 whereas SCP3 and TP1 proteins were expressed on day 90. This in vitro spermatogenesis suggests a possible approach for future for Muslim NOA patients in order to have their own children.
Survey of Musculoskeletal Pain among Dental Clinician in Kulliyyah of Dentistry IIUM
Authors: Sukmasari Susi , Ismail Ahmad Faisal , Hamshah Arbaatul Arroshikin Nazirah
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to determine the prevalent site of musculoskeletal pain and its associated risk factors among dental clinicians at the Kulliyyah of Dentistry, IIUM. A validated, pilot-tested self-administered questionnaires were distributed to 160 dental clinicians between March and June 2014 using convenience sampling method. Inclusion criteria includes dentist, clinical supervisors or clinical dental students. Dental clinicians whom were diagnosed with musculoskeletal disorders were excluded. Data obtained were recorded and analyzed using statistical package for the social science (SPSS) software version 19. Pearson correlation test was used to determine the association between the risk factors and pain sites. A total of 146 participants completed the questionnaire (91.3% response rate). The sample consist of 40 dentists (27.4%), 36 Year 3 students (24.7%) and 35 participants (24%) respectively from Year 4 and Year 5. There was high prevalence of neck pain (79.5%), back shoulder pain (74.7%) and lower back pain (71.9%) among dental clinicians. Significant correlation was found between physical activities with upper body region pain sites (r = 0.170, p=0.042) and lower body region pain sites (r = 0.221, p=0.008). There was a significant association between repetitive movements and wrist bending with upper and lower body region pain sites (r = 0.320, p = <0.001) (r = 0.278, p =0.001). No correlation between awkward postures with upper and lower body pain sites. This paper will relate to the Islamic teaching on moderation in working and in maintaining healthy lifestyle. The most prevalent site of musculoskeletal pain experienced by dental clinicians was at the neck area and the least was on the left arm. Repetitive movements, wrist bending and physical activities were associated with upper and lower body region pain sites.
The Ethical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance towards Aquaculture Practices
Authors: Chowdhur Ahmed Jalal Khan , John Akbar , Nasrin Dilruba , Abdulahi Hashi Abdurezak , Mohd Omar Suhaila , Binti Mansor Nur Nazifah
Published: January 2021

In recent decade, aquaculture species, including fish are under danger from bio-aggressors like viruses, bacteria, parasites and fungi. These organisms harm either spontaneously or through aquatic animal husbandry practices or both. The chemicals employed in aquaculture are drugs like antibiotics used to treat diseases, chemicals introduced through construction materials and hormones used to alter the reproductive viability, sex and growth rates. Drugs used to treat disease are the most dangerous to the fish. These persistent antibiotics tend to increase antibiotic-resistant free-living bacteria, thereby altering the composition of normal marine and freshwater bacterial flora. Evidence suggests that these antibioticresistant organisms in the marine environment will, in turn, pass their antibiotic resistance genes to other bacteria including human and animal pathogens. Antibiotic treatment in aquaculture is achieved by medicated baths and medicated food. In both cases, the probability exists for antibiotics to pass into the environment, affecting wildlife, remaining in the environment for extended periods of time and exerting their antibiotic effects to human. In this manner, potential alterations of the diversity of the marine microbiota produced by antibiotics may alter the homeostasis of the marine environment and affect complex forms of life including fish, shellfish, marine mammals, and human beings. The contamination of surface waters with antimicrobials has become an increasing public health concern because of the emergence of multi-resistant pathogens. Efforts to make progress on these issues require us to raise, confront and enact some difficult ethical decisions that will affect the living standard of human. Nevertheless, excessive antibiotic use in aquaculture should be of high concern to the aquaculture industry and its regulators, to public officials dealing with human and animal health and with the preservation of the environment, and to non-governmental organizations dealing with these issues.
Zinc and copper accumulation in zander scales in the Novosibirsk reservoir
Authors: Riavkina K. S. , Korotkevich O. S. , Petukhov V. L.
Published: January 2021

One of the most important environmental issues is the pollution of water basins with chemicals, in particular with heavy metals, which do not dissolve in water, and pass through the food chaininto the body of aquatic organisms, and then the final consumer, humans. The features of the contentof copper and zinc, their variability in the scales of pike perch (Sander lucioperca) of the Novosibirsk reservoir were studied. 33 samples of scales were taken for analysis. The concentration of the studied metals was measured applying the atomic emission spectral method with inductively coupledplasma on an iCAP-6500 spectrometer from Thermo Scientific. A high phenotypic variability in theconcentration of copper and zinc in pike perch scales was found. It was revealed that the concentration of copper in the scales of the pike perch of the Novosibirsk reservoir is 1.8 times lower than inthe muscles, and the content of zinc is 4.8 times higher. The extreme ratio for copper was 1:24, forzinc 1:6. The content of zinc and copper was in a ratio of 48:1. The average population values of theconcentration level of copper (1.69 mg / kg) and zinc (93.3 mg / kg) in the scales of the pike perchof the Novosibirsk reservoir were established. A high level of positive correlation (r = 0.859) wasrevealed between essential elements. The obtained data on the level of copper and zinc concentrationin scales can be used as reference values. The distribution of heavy metals in zander scales is uneven.Expansion of parameters for assessing living organisms by chemical composition enables to assessmore accurately the interior of animals. The data obtained can be used for intravital assessment ofthe interior of zander and in environmental studies. There is a tendency towards an increase in thelevel of heavy metals in the water body of the Novosibirsk Reservoir.
Features of pubertas of young egg chickens when grown under monochromatic and white lighting
Authors: Siianova I. V. , Kruchinkina T. V.
Published: January 2021

The work was carried out in the Amur region at the Belogorsk poultry farm. In the period from 2015 to 2019, five experiments were carried out taking into account the seasonality. The aim of the study was to identify the influence of the spectral composition of light sources on the pubertation of replacement young egg chickens at the age of 15 weeks: the development of the pineal gland, pituitary gland and genital organs of the youngs. The study on replacement young egg crosses of Hisex White and Decalb White chickens was carried out. In the breeding workshop, four groups of day-old chickens were formed, 200 heads each. From one day of age to 15 weeks, young birds were kept under light of different colors in conditions of gradually decreasing daylight hours from 24 to 12 hours a day and an illumination level from 50-30 to 7-6 lux. White, yellow, green and blue compact fluorescent lamps were used as light sources. In young birds at the age of 30, 60 and 90 days, the live weight was determined by weighing 100 heads from each group. A 15-week-old bird was bled for β-estradiol content at a random selection of 30 birds from each group. For anatomical examination, 5 pullets from each group were sacrificed at the age of 15 weeks, taking into account the body weight required by the norm. The absolute mass of the pineal gland, pituitary gland, ovary, oviduct was determined in the bird, the length of the oviduct was measured. Regardless of the season of the year, the live weight of 90-day-old young in groups under white and yellow illumination had the upper values of the norm, with green and blue it could be at its lower border. Under white and yellow illumination, pullets at 15 weeks of age have higher serum β-estradiol levels. At anatomical examination in 15-week-old chickens under white and yellow lamps, the absolute mass of the pineal gland is less by 10.5 - 41.7% than under green and blue ones, and the mass of the pituitary gland, on the contrary, is more by 4.8 - 8.3%. Pullets with different color illumination did not have significant differences in the mass of the ovary and oviduct, as well as the length of the oviduct, the level of development of which corresponded to a given age. Under white and yellow lighting, the first signs of the onset of puberty at 15 weeks of age are slightly more pronounced than under green and blue light sources.
The influence of weeds and ammophos on the yield of pea grain in the steppe zone of the Southern Urals
Authors: Mitrofanov D. V. , Kaftan Yu. V.
Published: January 2021

Increasing the yield of pea grain in agricultural production is an important task for modern agriculture in the Orenburg region. To expand it, long-term studies on the influence of weeds and ammophos on the yield of pea grain were carried out. The article presents the research results for 2002-2019 by weediness of crops, the content of macronutrients and the productivity of pea grain in six-field and two-field crop rotations. Among the main factors affecting the yield of pea grain such as the total number of weeds and the content of accumulated nutrients in the 0-30 cm, soil layer were considered. The total number of weeds on two nutritional backgrounds in the pea germination phase was from 102.0 to 137.0. During the ripening period, respectively, it was from 44.0 to 56.0 pcs / m2. The maximum yield of pea grain is observed in crops after soft wheat with ammophos - 1.03 t / ha, without the use of fertilizer - 0.98 t / ha. The lowest yield of peas was obtained after durum wheat in a two-field crop rotation: according to the fertilized nutrition background - 0.76, unfertilized - 0.70 t / ha. As a result of statistical data processing in the third variant of the experiment (sowing peas after soft wheat in the aftereffect of a busy fallow), it was found that the increase in the productivity of pea grain slightly depended on the weediness of crops and the share of its influence ranged from 13.98 to 18.37%. However, the decrease in the yield of peas in the fifth variant of the experiment (sowing peas in alternation with durum wheat) was largely determined by weeds and the level of their influence was from 40.21 to 54.41%. The content of accumulated nitrate nitrogen and mobile phosphorus from ammophos before all sowing of peas in crop rotations ranged from 1.4 to 2.9 mg / 100 g of soil. The increase in pea grain from mineral fertilizers for 18 years, respectively, for all predecessors was 0.07; 0.05; 0.08 and 0.06 t / ha, except for the second variant of the experiment, where peas were sown after soft wheat in the aftereffect of black steam. The results of mathematical processing of the data on the increase in grain of peas show the effect of ammophos on the increase in grain by options in the range from 55.41 to 81.88%.
The influence of growing conditions on the nutrient composition of table grape varieties in Dagestan
Authors: Vlasova O. K. , Bakhmulaeva Z. K. , Daudova T. I. , Magadova S. A.
Published: January 2021

The paper presents the results of a study on the content of free amino acids, including essential ones, vitamins C and P, biologically important macro- and microelements in table grapes of the middle ripening varieties Ag raisins, Vezne, Galan, Hamburg Muscat and Samur, cultivated on the plain in Southern Dagestan Region. The qualitative composition and quantitative content of free amino acids were determined by HPLC on an AAA-881 analyzer. Amino acids tryptophan, cystine and methionine were identified by paper chromatography due to the fact that they decompose when exposed to a temperature of 102 ° C in the amino analyzer reactor. The mass concentration of vitamin C was identified titrimetrically, vitamin P was identified colorimetrically (FEK-56M, Russia), the mineral composition of grapes was identified by flame and atomic absorption photometry using Flapho-4 (Germany) and Hitachi-208 (Japan) devices. Each of the varieties had 18 amino acids, including a full set of essential ones. The total number of detected amino acids was 368.5 (Ag raisins) - 279.9 mg / dm3 (Vezne), and irreplaceable ones - from 103.8 (Hamburg muscat) to 132.4 mg / dm3 (Ag raisins). All experimental grape samples contained vitamins C, from 2.6 (Galan) to 3.7 mg / dm3 (Ag raisins) and P - from 78.0 (Samur) to 131.3 mg / dm3 (Galan), as well as physiologically important minerals. Studies have shown that in terms of the amount of free amino acids, including essential vitamins C and P, healthy minerals, such grapes as Ag raisins, Vezne, Galan, Hamburg and Samur Muscat, grown in the south of Dagestan are natural products with functional properties. Eating it fresh contributes to the normalization of metabolic processes in the human body. Additionally, these grapes can be successfully used as a raw material for the production of multicomponent functional food.
Influence of the use of homoand probiotics in combination with fluorinated quinolones on the dynamics of protein metabolism in geese
Authors: Kochneva A. S. , Gotovchikov N. A. , Novik Ya. V. , Tishkova O. N. , Mensh I. K.
Published: January 2021

The effect of the combined use of homobiotics and probiotics with fluorinated quinolones on the change in the parameters of protein metabolism in geese is considered. Under the influence of schemes of use, including Vetom 13.1, Baytril and Vetom 1, there is no visible increase in the concentration of protein in the blood serum. When using a higher dosage of homobiotic at the beginning of the experiment, a decrease in this indicator is observed. When Baytril is withdrawn from this scheme and the homobiotic is replaced with a probiotic, the protein concentration in the blood serum does not decrease. During the research it was found that Baytril suppresses the protein-synthesizing potential of probionts Vetom 13.1 and Vetom 1. In geese of all experimental groups an increase in the concentration of albumin in the blood serum occurs. The most visible change was recorded when Vetom 13.1 was used together at a dosage of 50 mg / kg with Baytril and Vetom 1 at a similar dose. Regardless of the use of Baytril, the combination of Vetom 15.1 and Vetom 1.2 leads to an increase in the concentration of urea in the blood serum of geese, and Vetom 15.1 without other preparations increases this indicator only with cyclic use. The study of the schemes of using Vetom 13.1 shows that the concentration of urea is highly variable in its various combinations with other drugs. We found individual differences in the effect of Vetom 13.1 on the geese organism.
A GESTÃO DE CONFLITOS NO SETOR PÚBLICO
Authors: Michele de Oliveira Gomes , Claudio Luiz de Oliveira Costa
Published: January 2021

As pessoas possuem características, opiniões e valores divergentes e o serviço público apresenta comportamentos organizacionais distintos do setor privado, pois possui maior rigidez em sua hierarquia, legislação específica, e processos burocráticos. Portanto, saber lidar e gerenciar os conflitos no setor público é essencial. O objetivo geral deste trabalho consiste em descrever a importância da Gestão de Conflitos entre os funcionários da Administração Pública, ou seja, consiste em analisar quais são as principais situações conflituosas existentes entre servidores do SAAE –Serviço Autônomo de Água e Esgoto de Sete Lagoas e como superá-las. Como objetivos específicos, o artigo apresenta a proposta de identificar quais são os fatores causadores de conflitos, verificar os tipos de conflitos que se fazem mais presentes e sugerir alternativas de melhorias na administração de conflitos para a atual gestão da empresa em estudo. Os dados foram coletados através de questionário aplicado a 60 colaboradores da autarquia. Foi possível identificar os principais motivos geradores de conflitos no grupo de trabalho, como os gestores atuam frente aos conflitos e como o Setor de Recursos humanos participa na resolução dos problemas. Diante dos resultados, foi possível concluir que, na visão dos colaboradores, o gestor contribui de alguma forma para o surgimento de conflitos no grupo. Porém, a maioria dos coordenadores possui habilidade de negociação e persuasão e buscam a solução do problema quando ocorre um conflito no grupo. Conclui-se que para que essas situações de conflito sejam administradas, é necessário conhecimento sobre as técnicas de resoluçãode problemas perante as equipes de trabalho.
CONHECIMENTO DOS GESTORES DE UM DOS CAMPUS DO INSTITUTO FEDERAL DE EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA E TECNOLOGIA DE PERNAMBUCO SOBRE NOÇÕES DE EMPREENDEDORISMOq
Authors: Kleber Danylo Mendes da Silva , Guilherme de Siqueira Freitas Ponte , Simone de Paula Silva , Erick Viana da Silva
Published: January 2021

O presente estudo teve como objetivo o entendimento do fenômeno de práticas empreendedoras no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Pernambuco - Campus Vitória de Santo Antão. Os protagonistas do estudo foram os gestores da instituição de ensino em questão. A temática norteadora visou a descoberta de novos horizontes, por meio de métodos qualitativos e quantitativos no tocante ao conhecimento desses gestores acerca de fenômenos como o empreendedorismo e as empresas juniores, além de compreender as possíveis ações empreendedoras no local de ensino. Ademais, buscou-se compreender quem era esta persona, através da coleta de dados pessoais como sexo biológico e etnia. No que concerne ao desenvolvimento da pesquisa bibliográ*fica a respeito dos assuntos estudados, tal projeto aprofundou-se em leituras de alguns autores de relevância reconhecida sobre a temática. Desta forma, por meio da aplicação a partir da aplicação de métodos inovadores para a educação brasileira, isto é, com a tríade ensino, pesquisa e extensão, que representa a função social das universidades estatais brasileiras. É válido também o resgate das experiências estrangeiras com empresa juniores, bem como uma importante instituição brasileira de fomento e desenvolvimento às ações empreendedoras, tal como o Serviço Brasileiro de Apoio às Micro e Pequenas Empresas, SEBRAE. A necessidade do conhecimento gerado neste estudo é de suma validade, já que, a partir de uma perspectiva recorrente no ensino brasileiro, a educação é uma ferramenta aliada ao desenvolvimento social. Assim, entender as diversas metodologias empreendedoras de educação e a visão daqueles que tomam as decisões no cotidiano deve ser de interesse público.
O ORÇAMENTO PÚBLICO NO BRASIL E SUAS ALTERAÇÕES ADVINDAS DA EMENDA CONSTITUCIONAL 106/2020
Authors: Claudio Luiz de Oliveira Costa , Márcia Ester Mizrahi , Miriam Assunção de Souza Lepsch
Published: January 2021

O mundo se deparou com a pandemia da COVID-19 no início de 2020 e ainda está lidando com seus impactos socioeconômicos. Diante disso, este artigo tem como objetivo geral apresentar os dispositivos promulgados pela Emenda Constitucional 106/2020 e suas consequências para a execução do orçamento público brasileiro de 2020. A metodologia adotada se caracteriza como de natureza qualitativa, sendo desenvolvida por pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, considerando a base em livros, artigos, legislação e sites de órgãos públicos. No desenvolvimento da pesquisa foi realizada a análise da Emenda Constitucional 106/2020, chamada de “orçamento de Guerra”, no que tratou dos temas voltados para o atendimento à necessidade de combate à COVID-19, buscando identificar os seus possíveis impactos na Lei Orçamentária Anual (LOA) de 2020 e, consequentemente, na execução orçamentária. No resultado da análise foi observado que o governo brasileiro flexibilizou as regras orçamentárias e de gestão fiscal para atos relacionados ao enfrentamento da pandemia do novo coronavírus com a expectativa de que a execução do orçamento atendesse às demandas da sociedade em decorrência da crise na área de saúde. Conclui-se diante desse cenário ficou evidenciado que a atual crise originada pela pandemia da COVID-19 não tem precedentes. Assim é fundamental que o governo brasileiro tenha tomado as ações necessárias para que o orçamento público fosse adequado aos novos desafios apresentados pela COVID-19. Ademais, cabe observar a execução dessas medidas e acompanhar os desdobramentos que a epidemia causou na economia. A partir disso, será possível entender se as medidas já aprovadas foram eficientes ou se é necessário fazer mais para que o Brasil possa continuar sua trajetória de responsabilidade fiscal sem comprometer as gerações atuais e as que estão por vir.
Perspectivas das Ciências da Saúde na Sociedade 5.0: Educação, Ciência, Tecnologia e Amor
Authors: Adauto Gomes Barbosa Neto , Erick Viana da Silva , Juliana Mendes Correia , Maria Luiza da Cunha Rego
Published: January 2021

O livro PERSPECTIVAS DAS CIÊNCIAS DA SAÚDE NA SOCIEDADE 5.0: EDUCAÇÃO, CIÊNCIA, TECNOLOGIA E AMOR é resultado do concurso de melhores trabalhos publicados no II Congresso Internacional das Ciências da Saúde – II COINTER PDVS, realizado entre os dias 02 e 05 de dezembro de 2020, de forma online. O evento é promovido pelo Instituto Internacional Despertando Vocações com o objetivo de promover e divulgar os trabalhos científicos desde 2019. Em um período da história no qual sombras de dúvidas tentam se colocar, no Brasil e no mundo, sobre a importância da Ciência no progresso da humanidade, mais do que nunca, o tema do COINTER PDVS. Sociedade 5.0: Educação, Ciência, Tecnologia e Amor se tornam, além de contemporâneo, indispensável na formação de pessoas que possam se desenvolver sob a luz da Ciência e da ética humanista.
The Effect of Teachers' and Learners' Gender Variation on the Responses about L1 use in L2 Pedagogy
Authors: Ahsan Muhammad , Younus Noshaba , Naeem Muhammad
Published: January 2021

The focus of the present study was to find out the impact of teachers' and learners' gender variation on the responses about L1 use in L2 pedagogy at degree level. To explore a clear comprehension of the current topic, the study aimed at 577 learners and 156 teachers. The data collection was done through student-teacher questionnaires. The data were examined using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences) version 23. Data were analyzed with the help of descriptive analysis. The results of the present research show that L2 learners (male & female) and English teachers (male & female) exhibited an extremely positive tendency in regard to the use of L1 in the English classroom. Responses to the statements, overall, noted from the chosen senior to junior teachers show that letting mother tongue in foreign language classrooms is beneficial in Pakistani context as the ban of mother tongue from English class will cast a negative impact on their apprehension of EFL.
Assessment of Student's Academic Achievement by Flipped Classroom Model and Traditional Lecture Method
Authors: Saira  , Ajmal Fouzia , Hafeez Muhammad
Published: January 2021

Abstract: In recent years, a new learning approach called "Flipped classrooms model" has been stated as an effective way of learning. In this study, a statistical approach for the comparison of traditional lecture method and Flipped classrooms model has been performed for the academic performance of students in 6th and 7th semesters in the subject of Psychology. The study comprised of two semesters (32 weeks). The students in the 6th semester learned by traditional lecture method while in the 7th semester, students used the Flipped classroom model. The students and subject were the same in both the semesters. The statistical analysis showed that 7th semesters students learned by "Flipped classrooms model" achieved better academic performance than the 6th-semester students learned by traditional lecture method. The t-test analysis showed that the students learned by Flipped classroom model have effect size 3% more than academic achievements of students learned by traditional lecture method.
Presurgical brain mapping of the language network in pediatric patients with epilepsy using resting-state fMRI
Authors: Pur Daiana R. , Eagleson Roy , Lo Marcus , Jurkiewicz Michael T. , Andrade Andrea , de Ribaupierre Sandrine
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVE

Epilepsy affects neural processing and often causes intra- or interhemispheric language reorganization, rendering localization solely based on anatomical landmarks (e.g., Broca’s area) unreliable. Preoperative brain mapping is necessary to weigh the risk of resection with the risk of postoperative deficit. However, the use of conventional mapping methods (e.g., somatosensory stimulation, task-based functional MRI [fMRI]) in pediatric patients is technically difficult due to low compliance and their unique neurophysiology. Resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI), a “task-free” technique based on the neural activity of the brain at rest, has the potential to overcome these limitations. The authors hypothesized that language networks can be identified from rs-fMRI by applying functional connectivity analyses.

METHODS

Cases in which both task-based fMRI and rs-fMRI were acquired as part of the preoperative clinical protocol for epilepsy surgery were reviewed. Task-based fMRI consisted of 2 language tasks and 1 motor task. Resting-state fMRI data were acquired while the patients watched an animated movie and were analyzed using independent component analysis (i.e., data-driven method). The authors extracted language networks from rs-fMRI data by performing a similarity analysis with functionally defined language network templates via a template-matching procedure. The Dice coefficient was used to quantify the overlap.

RESULTS

Thirteen children underwent conventional task-based fMRI (e.g., verb generation, object naming), rs-fMRI, and structural imaging at 1.5T. The language components with the highest overlap with the language templates were identified for each patient. Language lateralization results from task-based fMRI and rs-fMRI mapping were comparable, with good concordance in most cases. Resting-state fMRI–derived language maps indicated that language was on the left in 4 patients (31%), on the right in 5 patients (38%), and bilateral in 4 patients (31%). In some cases, rs-fMRI indicated a more extensive language representation.

CONCLUSIONS

Resting-state fMRI–derived language network data were identified at the patient level using a template-matching method. More than half of the patients in this study presented with atypical language lateralization, emphasizing the need for mapping. Overall, these data suggest that this technique may be used to preoperatively identify language networks in pediatric patients. It may also optimize presurgical planning of electrode placement and thereby guide the surgeon’s approach to the epileptogenic zone.
Model of University's Career Guidance Activities within the Context of Lifelong Learning
Authors: Ovsienko L. V. , Zimina I. V.
Published: January 2021

In the 21st century, human capital has become the most important factor for the development of society. Human capital contributes to enhancing the position of Russia in global economy. Nowadays, education is an investment which provides the scale and quality of the economic growth, the prosperity of the country and every person in particular. Unfortunately, the formal educational potential of the Russian population is not used to its full. Therefore, the role of universities in our country is reconsidered; they are becoming the drivers of the growth in the economy and regional centers of innovations. At the same time, apart from education and science, the universities are responsible for the third social mission, a global trend with local characteristics. Having a huge intellectual potential, the University is able to influence individual regional processes. The authors consider the generation of relevant ideas for the development of continuing education as the most important and unique mission of higher education to shape the future of each child, create conditions for self-development of the individual, its career tracks that ensure continuity, identification and support of giftedness.
Metabolites Associated with Early Cognitive Changes Implicated in Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Darst Burcu F. , Huo Zhiguang , Jonaitis Erin M. , Koscik Rebecca L. , Clark Lindsay R. , Lu Qiongshi , Kremen William S. , Franz Carol E. , Rana Brinda , Lyons Michael J. , Hogan Kirk J. , Zhao Jinying , Johnson Sterling C. , Engelman Corinne D.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Understanding metabolic mechanisms associated with cognitive changes preceding an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) diagnosis could advance our understanding of AD progression and inform preventive methods.

Objective:

We investigated the metabolomics of the early changes in executive function and delayed recall, the earliest aspects of cognitive function to change in the course of AD development, in order to better understand mechanisms that could contribute to early stages and progression of this disease.

Methods:

This investigation used longitudinal plasma samples from the Wisconsin Registry for Alzheimer’s Prevention (WRAP), a cohort of participants who were dementia free at enrollment and enriched with a parental history of AD. Metabolomic profiles were quantified for 2,324 fasting plasma samples among 1,200 participants, each with up to three study visits, which occurred every two years. Metabolites were individually tested for association with executive function and delayed recall trajectories across age.

Results:

Of 1,097 metabolites tested, levels of seven were associated with executive function trajectories, including an amino acid cysteine S-sulfate and three fatty acids, including erucate (22 : 1n9), while none were associated with delayed recall trajectories. Replication was attempted for four of these metabolites that were present in the Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging (VETSA). Although none reached statistical significance, three of these associations showed consistent effectdirections.

Conclusion:

Our results suggest potential metabolomic mechanisms that could contribute to the earliest signs of cognitive decline. In particular, fatty acids may be associated with cognition in a manner that is more complex than previously suspected.
The Effect of Baseline Patient and Caregiver Mindfulness on Dementia Outcomes
Authors: Innis Ashley D. , Tolea Magdalena I. , Galvin James E.
Published: January 2021

Background:

Mindfulness is the practice of awareness and living in the present moment without judgment. Mindfulness-based interventions may improve dementia-related outcomes. Before initiating interventions, it would be beneficial to measure baseline mindfulness to understand targets for therapy and its influence on dementia outcomes.

Objective:

This cross-sectional study examined patient and caregiver mindfulness with patient and caregiver rating scales and patient cognitive performance and determined whether dyadic pairing of mindfulness influences patient outcomes.

Methods:

Individuals (N = 291) underwent comprehensive evaluations, with baseline mindfulness assessed using the 15-item Applied Mindfulness Process Scale (AMPS). Correlation, regression, and mediation models tested relationships between patient and caregiver mindfulness and outcomes.

Results:

Patients had a mean AMPS score of 38.0±11.9 and caregivers had a mean AMPS score of 38.9±11.5. Patient mindfulness correlated with activities of daily living, behavior and mood, health-related quality of life, subjective cognitive complaints, and performance on episodic memory and attention tasks. Caregiver mindfulness correlated with preparedness, care confidence, depression, and better patient cognitive performance. Patients in dyads with higher mindfulness had better cognitive performance, less subjective complaints, and higher health-related quality of life (all p-values<0.001). Mindfulness effects on cognition were mediated by physical activity, social engagement, frailty, and vascular risk factors.

Conclusion:

Higher baseline mindfulness was associated with better patient and caregiver outcomes, particularly when both patients and caregivers had high baseline mindfulness. Understanding the baseline influence of mindfulness on the completion of rating scales and neuropsychological test performance can help develop targeted interventions to improve well-being in patients and their caregivers.
Zero-power tip-tilt control of a magnetically levitated platform by lateral displacement of hybrid-electromagnets
Authors: Lin James , Oka Koichi , Harada Akinori
Published: January 2021

This papers discusses a method of magnetic levitation which allows a levitated platform to remain both level and zero-power under arbitrary eccentric loading conditions. A hardware system is proposed and developed which laterally displaces hybrid electromagnets (HEMs) to counteract the moments caused by eccentric loads. In this system, the displaced HEMs are the same HEMs which are used for the levitation of the platform. A mathematical formulation is provided to explain the control methodology, and data from successful experimental trials of the developed hardware is discussed.
Hybrid gas-magnetic bearings: An overview
Authors: Liu Qing , Zhang Shiping , Li Yuanyuan , Lei Gang , Wang Li
Published: January 2021

This paper presents a state-of-the-art survey on the development of the hybrid gas-magnetic bearing (HGMB) technology. HGMBs are proposed to complement the advantages of gas bearings and magnetic bearings for enhanced bearing performance. Nevertheless, there are a number of inherent challenges in their designs, analyses, and performance characteristics that must be taken into account for proper functionality and reliable operation. For this purpose, substantial results in theory, numerical simulations, and experiments concerning rotor dynamics, mechanical structures, control systems, and operation modes are discussed to help further investigation and implementation of HGMBs. In addition, future developments of HGMBs in industries and remaining challenges are discussed.
RETRACTED: Study of the bullet rifling linear traces matching technology based on deep learning
Authors: Pan Nan , Jiang Xuemei , Pan Dilin , Liu Yi
Published: January 2021

This article has been retracted, and the online PDF has been watermarked “RETRACTED”. The retraction notice is available at https://doi.org/10.3233/JIFS-219327.
Intelligent assessment and prediction system for somatic fitness and healthcare using machine learning
Authors: Liu Hsiao-Man , Huang Chung-Chi , Huang Chung-Lin , Ke Yen-Ting
Published: January 2021

This study proposes a health assessment and predictive assistance system for intelligent health monitoring. Through machine learning, the tool features a customized set of quantitative measurements and web analysis systems for physical and mental fitness. The system replaces the manpower and time requirements of the past necessary to conduct interviews and keep paper records, allowing users to observe and analyze physical and mental fitness status through the webpage. To achieve this, ECG, EEG, and EMAS are used to follow physiological, psychological, and meridian energy states. ASP.NET software is used as a development tool for the system cloud page, which constructs, documents, evaluates, and predicts functions for the smart health assistance system. The measurement data is entered and recorded in the cloud database. The data is used to construct an assessment and prediction of the user’s state of mind and body through machine learning methods, as well as the individual’s physical and mental fitness.
Intelligent wearable device of auxiliary force using fuzzy-Bayesian backpropagation control
Authors: Wen Bor-Jiunn , Kao Chia-Hung , Yeh Che-Chih
Published: January 2021

Labor force is gradually becoming insufficient owing to the aging population. The quality and safety of workforces are increasingly important, and thus, a set of intelligent wearable devices that assist the transport of loads by laborers, provide auxiliary standing support, and prevent falls were designed in this study. By applying an auxiliary force to the knee joint externally, an intelligent wearable device saves labor and reduces the burden on this joint, thereby protecting it. This study utilizes a Bayesian backpropagation algorithm for intelligent control. The intelligent wearable device provides the most suitable velocity and torsion depending on the initial driving torsion of the user by a Bayesian backpropagation algorithm based on the current angle position, velocity, and torsion load of the device motor, thereby achieving an intelligent control effect of auxiliary standing support. A triaxial accelerometer is utilized to sense a fall and prevent it by a so-called fuzzy-Bayesian backpropagation control (FBC). Eventually, this study successfully designed and manufactured an intelligent wearable device by the FBC method. For a single motor control, two knee auxiliary devices can generate a torsion of 18.6 Nm. For dual motor control, two knee auxiliary devices can generate a torsion of 43.2 Nm. Thus, the laborers can not only perform their work efficiently and safely but also reduce costs and raise the working market competitiveness.
Intrusion detection of railway clearance from infrared images using generative adversarial networks
Authors: Li Yundong , Liu Yi , Dong Han , Hu Wei , Lin Chen
Published: January 2021

The intrusion detection of railway clearance is crucial for avoiding railway accidents caused by the invasion of abnormal objects, such as pedestrians, falling rocks, and animals. However, detecting intrusions using deep learning methods from infrared images captured at night remains a challenging task because of the lack of sufficient training samples. To address this issue, a transfer strategy that migrates daytime RGB images to the nighttime style of infrared images is proposed in this study. The proposed method consists of two stages. In the first stage, a data generation model is trained on the basis of generative adversarial networks using RGB images and a small number of infrared images, and then, synthetic samples are generated using a well-trained model. In the second stage, a single shot multibox detector (SSD) model is trained using synthetic data and utilized to detect abnormal objects from infrared images at nighttime. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, two groups of experiments, namely, railway and non-railway scenes, are conducted. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, and an improvement of 17.8% is achieved for object detection at nighttime.