bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Some Applications Of The Circumference Formula
Authors: Krause Eugene F.
Published: January 2021

It is an interesting challenge to develop applications that relate to the experiences of children and at the same time require no advanced mathematics. In this paper, three closely related problems are presented. all of which can be solved using only the formula for the circumference of a circle, C = 2 m. The first two should be especially interesting to middle school students because they arise from familiar childhood activities, foot races and slot-car races. The third, the railroad problem, is well within the experience of ten- to fourteen-year-olds, yet has significance in the adult world. Solving these genuine problems with the mathematical tools at their command should give girls and boys a feeling of power and accomplishment and a sense that mathematics is a useful subject to study.
Applications: Animal Form Or Keeping Your Cool
Authors: Knill George , Knill George
Published: January 2021

We have on this planet an almost infinite variety of life forms. Darwin lit the way toward understanding these forms with his theory of evolution, and today we can safely state that whatever exists in the natural world does so for a reason.
Business Formulas As Cartesian Curves
Authors: Ruppel Elizabeth
Published: January 2021

In view of recent changes in mathematics curricula emphasizing analytic geometry and applications and the fact that business machine or machine applications courses now teach many of the practical business calculations, it seems inevitable that in a unit on the mathematics of finance, the main objective ought to be the understanding of mathematical concepts such as the relation of the variables in formulas, the graphical representation, and the power of prediction associated with these concepts. Morris Kline (1973) has long been urging high school teachers to motivate students by using physical applications when introducing mathematical ideas. This method can also be helpful in teaching business applications. In a unit I have been teaching in a business mathematics course, I found that students gain much greater insight into routine calculations with business formulas when this work is viewed in the light of graphing concepts.
Making Geometry A Personal And Inventive Experience
Authors: Brown Richard G.
Published: January 2021

A major goal of mathematics teaching is the involvement of our students in the personal process of discovering mathe- matical ideas and formulating problems. Students who use educated guesses to solve a problem or to judge whether another student’s hunch is correct are committing themselves to an exhilarating process. This process of an inductive leap followed by a deductive argument has been used during the centuries in the growth of mathematics.
Motivating Students To Make Conjectures And Proofs In Secondary School Geometry
Authors: Brown Lynn H.
Published: January 2021

Secondary school students possess un- tapped talents for making conjectures and doing proofs. Opportunities for guessing, and arriving at, tentative conclusions are essential to their mathematical develop- ment. Through a careful sequence of activities, students can gain experience in conjecturing and in writing proofs that mirror their logical thinking. The purpose of this article is to share two orientation problems and six sample worksheets that stimulate students to use a complete conjecturing-proving sequence.
More Related Geometric Theorems
Authors: Roberti Joseph V.
Published: January 2021

In “A Unification of Two Famous Theorems from Classical Geometry” (1979), Eli Maor developed a relationship between two theorems: If two chords intersect within a circle, the product of the segments of one is equal to the product of the segments of the other and If a tangent and a secant are drawn to a circle from the same point, the tangent is the mean proportional between the whole secant and the external segment.
Repeating Decimals, Geometric Patterns, And Open-Ended Questions
Authors: Mcginty Robert L. , Mutch William
Published: January 2021

Repeating decimals seem an unlikely source for geometric patterns, but if we look at them in the right way, there are several interesting things that occur-not the least of which is the creation of an attractive bulletin board for your class-room.
Compound Growth And Related Situations: A Problem-Solving Approach
Authors: Soler Francisco , Schuster Richard E.
Published: January 2021

In the traditional secondary school and junior college curriculum, “practical mathematics” and “college preparatory mathematics” have been treated as non- overlapping courses. Topics that are common mathematical applications have been relegated to courses that are remedial in nature. The outcome is quite predictable: mathematical modeling and the development of algorithms are almost totally ignored and results are presented in cookbook form. As a consequence, two things occur: students in the typical college preparatory curriculum miss being exposed to many practical aspects of mathematics, and students in non-college preparatory courses miss being exposed to the thrill of making mathematics. This latter group frequently believes that mathematics is the use of magic formulas that capriciously appear to work.
Mark My Word
Authors: Cunningham Trudy
Published: January 2021

I meant what I said And I said what I meant… An elephant’s faithful One hundred percent! Theodor Seuss Geisel [Dr. Seuss] Horton in Horton Hatches the Egg
The Geometry Of Tennis
Authors: Graening Jay
Published: January 2021

Interest in the game of tennis has risen dramatically daring the last decade. It is one of the world’s fastest growing sports in both participation and observation.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: Reduction Is The Key
Authors: Lee Joe V.
Published: January 2021

The objective of this activity is to teach students to reduce a fraction to lowest terms by looking for the greatest common factor (GCF) of the numerator and denominator. This activity also encourages teamwork and cooperation.
My Changing Perception of Mathematics
Authors: Williams Gail A.
Published: January 2021

What is mathematics? An easy answer is that “mathematics is what mathematicians do.” This answer suggests that mathematics is a human endeavor and that it changes with time. Mathematics has its fashions, responds to political pressure (see Rees [1980]), and can make use of new technologies. I shall seek to answer the question “What is mathematics?” by relating how my own perception of mathematics evolved.
Challenges for Enriching the Curriculum: Arithmetic and Number Theory
Authors: Bezuszka Stanley J. , Kenney Margaret J.
Published: January 2021

“Mathematics is the queen of the sciences and arithmetic the queen of mathematics,” proclaimed Carl F. Gauss, one of the world's greatest mathematicians, in 1856. In fact, number theory—the study of numbers—has been pursued both by famous mathematicians and by enthusiastic amateurs for centuries.
The Australian Mathematics Competition for the Wales Awards
Authors: Swetz Frank J.
Published: January 2021

In recent years, the popularity of regional, national, and international mathematics competitions has increased greatly. This phenomenon marks a universal acknowledgment of both the importance of mathematics in the modern world and the persistent need to stimulate and encourage students to become involved in the processes of mathematical problem solving.
How Is Area Related to Perimeter?
Authors: Lyon Betty Clayton
Published: January 2021

Many mathematical ideas become clear by looking at patterns. Our intuition can lead to conjectures, theorems, and often new proofs. Such is the case in studying the relation between the area of a rectangle and its perimeter. Because a rectangle with a given perimeter can yield several different areas, our study will be limited to rectangles with integral sides. Let us begin by analyzing some rectangles with small perimeters.
An Improvement on SSA Congruence for Geometry and Trigonometry
Authors: Yeshurun Shraga , Kay David C.
Published: January 2021

Many textbooks mention what might be called three and a half basic congruence theorems: SAS, ASA, SSS, and HI. (for right triangles). Perhaps because of the ambiguity involved in the SSA condition, this criterion for congruence is consistently neglected. A recent article of Lit wilier and Duncan (1981) investigated the SSA theorem, but it seems desirable to extend and, at one point, to correct the result given there.
Application: Time and Tape Counters
Authors: Pulskamp Richard J.
Published: January 2021

Most home recording equipment has a tape counter that indicates the number of revolutions made by the take-up reel as magnetic tape is wound on it. Relating the number of minutes of play of the machine to the values of the counter poses an interesting problem.
Hopeless in Math? It's Too Soon to Say
Authors: Herman Maureen L.
Published: January 2021

Do you really think that if nine or ten years of school did not help, there is still a possibility that any method of remediation is going to make much difference?” The words jarred.
Improving School-University Articulation in Ohio
Authors: Leitzel Joan R.
Published: January 2021

High school and university faculty know that monitoring the articulation between their programs is a task that needs constant attention. This task has had high priority during some periods and has lapsed during others.
Sound Foundations: A Mathemusical Game Simulation That “Stanza Part” from the Rest
Authors: Gerver Robert , Sgroi Richard J.
Published: January 2021

You've all seen it. A remedial mathematics student remembers to bring a gigantic radio to school but forgets the notebook. He or she could master volumes of rock ‘n’ roll lyrics and trivia, but when it comes to remembering the volume formula, the fervor dies. We decided to tap this enthusiasm and direct it toward learning the basic mathematical skills required for competency tests.
Demonstrating the Efficiency of Linear Programming
Authors: Lee Kil S. , Marx Wayne
Published: January 2021

Students seem to appreciate learning mathematical methods that allow them to solve problems more efficiently. For example, we have adapted a problem from Book I, Modern Algebra (Dolciani and Wooton 1970, p. 449) for algebra students who have learned to solve linear equations and inequalities and who are going to be introduced to the linear programming method in the near future.
Sharing Teaching Ideas: Purple Puzzlers
Authors: Moody Mally
Published: January 2021

Sharing Teaching Ideas offers practical tips on the teaching of topics related to the secondary school curriculum. We hope to include classroom-tested approaches that offer new slants on familiar subjects for the beginning and the experienced teacher. Please send an original and four copies of your ideas to the managing editor for review.
Applications: An Application of the Distance Formula to Medical Science
Authors: Sacco William , Sloyer Clifford W.
Published: January 2021

When a patient arrives in an intensive care unit or a trauma center, numerous tests and evaluations lead to a large accumulation of data. A problem that physicians have faced is the following: How does one turn this data into information that can be useful in terms of medical action? Teams of physicians and mathematicians have devoted considerable time and effort to distilling, from as many as sixty different physiological and biochemical variables, those that contain the most useful information.
Sharing teaching ideas: Make Up a Story to Explain the Graph
Authors: Woodward Ernest , Byrd Frances
Published: January 2021

Sharing Teaching Ideas offers practical tips on the teaching of topics related to the secondary school curriculum. We hope to include classroom-tested approaches that offer new slants on familiar subjects for the beginning and the experienced teacher. Please send an original and four copies of your ideas to the managing editor for review.
SoundOFF: Mathematics is Getting Easier
Authors: Usiskin Zalman
Published: January 2021

Mathematics is commonly believed to be difficult. Tell a person that you teach mathematics, and the response will reflect a view that you are smarter than most people (unless the person you're talking to is a mathematician!). We remember the hardest mathematics course we ever took or the one we didn't understand, and we read journals and feel that much is beyond us.
Prealgebra Mathematics for Above-Average Students
Authors: Dickie Paul G.
Published: January 2021

An increasing number of students complete eighth-grade mathematics before they complete eighth grade. Although the familiar question of acceleration versus enrichment is alive and well, programs dealing with diverse achievement levels lean toward continued acceleration. To enrich, one must search, evaluate, and select materials or create them anew. Many teachers spend much time and effort gathering or producing significant amounts of appropriate, quality enrichment material. Small wonder that we see more acceleration than enrichment.
Transformation Geometry: An Application of Physics
Authors: Dunn Ken A.
Published: January 2021

Although the ideas and techniques of transformation geometry are very different from those of Euclidean geometry, the standard applications of transformation geometry tend to be to problems that can also be solved using Euclidean methods. This fact can easily lead students to question the value of studying both. As a partial response to this difficulty, I would like to present an application of transformation geometry to physics, in particular, special relativity, which uses the transformation ideas in a nontrivial way and for which there is no Euclidean counterpart.
The Shoemaker's Knife— an Approach of the Polya Type
Authors: Libeskind Shlomo , Lott Johnny W.
Published: January 2021

Geometry forms a major portion of ancient mathematical history and thus supplies teachers and students with a vast array of interesting problems. In an undergraduate course on the history of mathematics at the University of Montana, Archimedes's “shoemaker's knife” problem was not only interesting in its own right but also let the authors demonstrate heuristic teaching ideas and illustrate a different method of doing a routine construction.
Modeling Growth— a Discrete Approach
Authors: Kunkle Dan , Burch Charles I.
Published: January 2021

Computers have played an increasingly large and important role in our society in recent decades. This trend has resulted in a greater public awareness of computing, the introduction of programming courses throughout our educational system, and also a heightened interest in the mathematics of discrete (as opposed to continuously changing) processes. The electronic computer is an intrinsically discrete device, yet we typically think of applications of computers to the mathematics of continuous variables.
Microcomputer-assisted discoveries: Calculating Palindromic Sums by Computer
Authors: Donahue Richard J.
Published: January 2021

With the availability of microcomputers, mathematics classes have the opportunity to explore topics in number theory that have previously been ignored or treated superficially. The exploration of problems in number theory permits a further understanding of the BASIC language by introducing new computer functions. One topic that couples number theory to programming is palindromes.
Microcomputer-assisted discoveries: Conics
Authors: Kimberling Clark
Published: January 2021

The conic sections are so named because they are intersections of cones with planes. Figure 1 shows how the slicing of a double cone by a plane can result in ellipses, parabolas, or hyperbolas, depending on the inclination of the plane.
Increasing Student Engagement During Questioning Strategy Sessions
Authors: Cangelosi James S.
Published: January 2021

An alarming proportion of secondary school students are unable to apply mathematical principles that they have memorized to the solutions of realistic problems (Florida Department of Education 1978).
Estimation and Approximation— Not Synonyms
Authors: Hall Lucien T.
Published: January 2021

An estimation is usually considered to be an educated guess. The more experienced a person is at a given estimating task, the better one estimates. To illustrate, suppose we think of a salesperson who has sold carpet by the square yard for twenty years. Because a salesperson has actually measured so many rooms, he or she is usually very good at estimating the number of square yards of carpet needed to cover a given room.
Sharing teaching ideas: Making Boxes
Authors: Gill Sieve
Published: January 2021

“Sharing Teaching Ideas” offers practical tips on the teaching of topics related to the secondary school curriculum. We hope to include classroom-tested approaches that offer new slants on familiar subjects for the beginning and the experienced teacher. See the masthead page for details on submitting manuscripts for review.
Perplexed by Hexed®
Authors: Hollingsworth Caroline
Published: January 2021

Although the trademark name is Hexed®, this puzzle by CBS Toys might be more aptly named “Pentexed,” since its playing pieces are twelve brightly colored plastic pentominoes, each a different five-square shape (fig. 1). The object of the game is to fit all twelve pieces back into the box, which is 6 in × 10 in.
Activities: Extending Problem-Solving Skills
Authors: Laing Robert A.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Recognizing that the mathematics curriculum in grades K-12 must include more than the concepts and skills of mathematics to prepare students to be productive and contributing members of a rapidly changing technological society, the Agenda for Action (NCTM 1980, 3, 4) recommends that problem solving be the focus of school mathematics in the 1980s.
A New Look at Some Old Formulas
Authors: Wallace Edward C. , Wiener Joseph
Published: January 2021

Interest in solving quadratic equations has occupied mathematicians for nearly four thousand years. Indeed, by 2000 b.c. the Babylonians had developed a form of the quadratic formula and a method equivalent to completing the square (Eves 1969; Smith 1951). A number of approaches to the solution of quadratic equations are possible. Let's examine some of these alternative approaches to see what new insights we might discover.
Inaugural Daze
Authors: Francis Richard L.
Published: January 2021

The calendar lends itself to many forms of mathematical amusement and insight. The year 1985 proves notable in this respect and features events of both historical and mathematical significance. In particular, Inauguration Day falls on a Sunday in 1985 and thus prompts the intriguing numerical question as to the frequency of Sunday inaugurals. The last such occurrence was the inauguration of Eisenhower on Sunday, 20 January 1957.
The Spider and the Fly: A Geometric Encounter in Three Dimensions
Authors: Blake Rick N.
Published: January 2021

I first encountered Stella the Spider in a text by Del Grande, Bisset, and Swift (1976). The text contains the original spider-and-the-fly problem from Mathematics and the Imagination by Kasner and Newman (1940) as well as a simpler version of the problem. Intrigued by a large, sinister-looking spider trying to catch a helpless little fly, I began using Stella as the main character in a number of threedimensional geometry problems. The problems all deal with the same mathematical theme: finding the minimal distance between two points. For most problems, students need some intuitive knowledge of geometry—including the theorem of Pythagoras.
Mathematics: A Vehicle for Better Global Understanding
Authors: Swetz Frank J.
Published: January 2021

Jacob Bronowski, in his prefatory comments to the magnificent public television series “The Ascent of Man,” related the particular event that drew his attention, as a scientist, to the changing human condition. In 1924 a humanoid fossil skull was uncovered at Taung in southern Africa.
The Cotangent—an Effective Tool
Authors: Roberti Joseph V.
Published: January 2021

As teachers of mathematics, we should continually seek new and better methods of dealing with the particular problems of each topic that we are asked to teach. We assume that the methods that were taught to us or those presented in the textbooks that we use are the best available for solving these problems.
Soundoff: Teachers’ Salaries Should be Based on Supply and Demand
Authors: Lichtenberg Donovan R.
Published: January 2021

The views expressed in the “Sound off” editorials do not necessarily reflect the views of the Editorial Panel of the Mathematics Teacher or the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics. Headers are encouraged to react to these editorials by writing to the author with copies to the Mathematics Teacher for consideration in “Reader Reflections.” Please double-space all letters that are to be considered for publication. Editorials from readers are welcomed.
An Exercise with Polygonal Numbers
Authors: Mauland Lyle E.
Published: January 2021

Patterns abound in mathematics, and the ability to recognize patterns in mathematics can lead one to arrive intuitively at formulas or relationships that may be useful in one's future mathematical studies. Whether or not the relationships discovered are useful, the problem-solving process used in arriving at these discoveries is useful.
Pythagorean Triples from the Addition Table
Authors: Didomenico Angelo S.
Published: January 2021

Open investigations are challenging and instructive and can generate considerable excitement. They can also lead to some unexpected and fascinating findings. In “Eureka! Pythagorean Triples from the Multiplication Table” (January 1983), I showed how one such investigation led to the derivation of all Pythagorean triples from simple properties of the multiplication table. Here we shall explore the addition table for positive integers and show that all Pythagorean triples can also be derived from simple patterns within this table.
Spadework Prior to Deduction in Geometry
Authors: Shaughnessy J. Michael , Burger William F.
Published: January 2021

Consider the following excerpt from the transcript of a recent interview with a sophomore in high school who had successfully completed a year-long course in geometry. The interviewer asked, “Suppose you have a quadrilateral with both pairs of opposite sides congruent.
Microworlds: Options for Learning and Teaching Geometry
Authors: Aieta Joseph F.
Published: January 2021

What is the least common multiple of 54 and 360? You probably came up with the answer in a few seconds or even sooner if you have worked with turtle graphics recently! In any case, if the first number was 254 instead of 54, most of us would reach for paper, pencil, and even a calculator. How do you draw the bisector of an angle? Most likely, you would first locate a straightedge and compass or protractor, depending on the context of the problem. For each of these questions, a natural first step is to select appropriate tools.
Who's Going to Win the Playoff?
Authors: Ott Jack A.
Published: January 2021

A continuing challenge in teaching high school mathematics is finding interesting but accessible examples to illustrate the usefulness of the topic being studied. This dilemma seems especially acute in the area of probability, since the material taught stays quite elementary, but many applications use complex theories of statistical inference. As a result, exercises are often about colored balls in urns and tossed coins, not really the stuff of everyday situations.
Microcomputer-Assisted Mathematics: Factoring and Unfactoring
Authors: Kimberling Clark
Published: January 2021

One of the most familiar topics to algebra students is factoring. However, some students who can factor an expression like x2 − 7x + 10 do not fully realize the connections between the numbers −7 and 10 and the numbers 2 and 5 that appear in the factorization (x – 2)(x − 5). They often start with the −7 and 10 and obtain the 2 and 5 more or less by trial and error.
Halley's Comet in the Classroom
Authors: Broughton Peter
Published: January 2021

Halley's comet, which has not been seen since 1911, is here again. This time around, the comet's position relative to the earth is not very good, so anyone hoping to see a magnificent spectacle in the sky will likely be disappointed. Nonetheless, its arrival seems to capture everyone's interest and get a lot of media coverage.
Reflection Borders for Patchwork Quilts
Authors: DeTemple Duane
Published: January 2021

The question posed in this article provides an unexpectedly fertile area in which students can test their problem-solving skills. The problem is easily stated and understood, and special cases can be quickly generated as a source of conjectures and possible counterexamples. The solution is elusive but elegantly simple, and students may well guess the answer long before they produce a general proof. The solution involves the concepts of least common multiple and greatest common divisor, even though the problem itself is essentially a geometric one. An appendix by James H. Jordan lists an Apple BASIC program that permits students to experiment and gather data by means of microcomputer graphics. Figures 1 and 2 are printouts from this program.
Algebraic Explorations of the Error 1664=14
Authors: Borasi Raffaella
Published: January 2021

Errors can serve as a starting point and as a source of motivation for interesting mathematical explorations. When an obviously incorrect procedure yields a correct result, we may feel puzzled and curious to know how and why this could have happened. Trying to answer these questions can involve us not only in problem solving but in problem-posing activities as well. This experience can provide the opportunity for creativity even in elementary mathematics.
Microcomputer-Assisted Mathematics: Complex Roots: The Bairstow-Hitchcock Method
Authors: Kimberling Clark
Published: January 2021

Judging from its name, one might think that the fundamental theorem of algebra (FTA) would play a central role in every algebra course. One reason that it does not is that in homework and in the classroom, it is, or has been, impractical to find complex roots of most polynomials of degree 3 or higher.
Some Challenging Constructions
Authors: Roberti Joseph V.
Published: January 2021

In his book A Survey of Geometry, Howard Eves (1966, 183) states, “The Greek geometers of antiquity devised a game— which judged on … [challenge, variety and simplicity] must surely stand at the very top of any list of games to be played alone.”
Teaching Students How to Study Mathematics: A Classroom Approach
Authors: Birken Marcia
Published: January 2021

For a variety of reasons, students do not know how to study mathematics. In the college-level mathematics classes that I teach, even the A students rarely have a system for attacking large amounts of new material. When asked how they've studied mathematics, most students reply that they do all the assigned homework. The “doing” of the problem is viewed as sufficient for learning. This haphazard approach may lead to success or at least to passing the course in junior and senior high school, where the material is presented in manageable chunks. In college the pace of most courses, whether mainstream or remedial, is such that many students flounder without a method for synthesizing the material. Additionally, since the textbook is opened only to reach the homework problems, students are unlikely to consider a mathematics textbook as a resource. The topic of this article is teaching students, from junior high school through college, strategies for studying mathematics.
Microcomputer-Assisted Mathematics: Computer-Generated Magic Squares
Authors: Pizarro Antonio
Published: January 2021

Let n be a positive integer. An n-by-n magic square is an array with n columns and n rows such that the numbers in each row, each column, and each diagonal add to the same value. This value is known as the magic sum. For example, figure 1 shows a 3-by-3 magic square containing the digits 1 through 9. The magic sum is 15.
The Looking-back Step in Problem Solving
Authors: Sowder Larry
Published: January 2021

The prominence given to problem solving in An Agenda for Action (NCTM 1980) no doubt deserves much credit for the revitalized interest in problem solving in the curriculum. National and regional meetings of mathematics teachers have been featuring sessions on problem solving. Many elementary school text series are laying a problem-solving foundation with attention to a variety of heuristics. Soon we may no longer have to refer to the teaching of problem solving as our “lip-service objective” (Sowder 1972).
An Alternative Perspective on the Optical Property of Ellipses
Authors: Seo Kenzo
Published: January 2021

If a ray of light passes through one focus of an ellipse and reflects off the ellipse, then it passes through the other focus. This phenomenon occurs because the tangent line at a point on an ellipse makes equal angles with the focal radii at that point, (See fig. 1.) This well-known property of ellipses, which is discussed by almost every textbook on calculus and analytic geometry, is usually derived by computing angles from the slopes of the tangent line and the focal radii. The following proof is based on the reflection principle, used in the game of billiards, and may be more interesting and motivating than the standard approaches.
Get Away from the Table! Make Interest More Interesting
Authors: Carr M. Jane
Published: January 2021

When I was house hunting a short time ago, it was interesting to observe that the realtor helping me was completely dependent on amortization tables. After finding a house I could almost afford, the realtor carefully calculated a possible payment based on a 12.0-percent interest rate. I mentioned to her that a local savings and loan company had just offered an 11.65-percent rate. When she found that this rate was not available in her table, she couldn't give me an accurate estimate of a monthly payment. Fortunately, when I returned to my desk and my trusty hand-held calculator, I figured the result myself! (I did decide to buy the house!)
Teatro como ferramenta para entender o mundo
Authors: Gislon Giorgio Zimann
Published: January 2021

Nesta entrevista, realizada no teatro Künstlerhaus Mousonturm de Frankfurt em fevereiro de 2019, a diretora Helgard Haug do grupo Rimini Protokoll afirma seu posicionamento crítico e teórico sobre teatro. Dentre observações sobre as suas motivações artísticas e sobre modos de criação teatral, ela comenta especialmente os trabalhos: DO's & DON'Ts - Eine Fahrt nach allen Regeln der Stadt (2018), Situation Rooms (2013), Welt-Klimakonferenz (2014) e Weltzustand Davos (Staat 4) (2018).
Luzes e farpas sob os camarotes: Rousseau, Rameau e a Querela dos Bufões
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo, Yasoshima Fabio Stieltjes
Published: January 2021

Frequentemente, os inflamados debates estético-musicais que estiveram em pauta na França da segunda metade do século XVIII e que deram origem ao episódio conhecido como Querela dos Bufões foram reduzidos a um curioso anedotário ou a uma guerra panfletária produzida tão somente pelos humores de seus aguerridos combatentes, os quais, postados sob os camarotes reais e divididos em defensores da tradição musical francesa e entusiastas da música italiana, disparavam críticas mútuas, sob a forma de panfletos, a exemplo das farpas lançadas por Jean-Jacques Rousseau, filósofo e músico autodidata, contra os partidários da música francesa e, especialmente, contra seu arqui-inimigo na cena musical da Ilustração, o renomado compositor e teórico da música Jean-Philippe Rameau. No presente artigo, para além da reconstituição histórica da famosa Guerra dos Bufões, procedemos à análise dos próprios argumentos apresentados por Rousseau em sua ardorosa, porém articulada defesa da ópera italiana em contraposição à ópera versalhesa, tais como aqueles expostos em sua Carta sobre a música francesa.
Acervo da Banda de Música da 10ª Região Militar: uma investigação acerca das rotas geográficas / musicais por meio da ferramenta Análise Diplomática Musical
Authors:   Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Filho Antonio Tenório
Published: January 2021

Bandas de música concentram parte expressiva da documentação musical prduzida ou acumulada no Brasil, sobretudo entre as últimas décadas do século XIX e a primeira metade do XX. Este trabalho tem como tema o acervo da Banda de Música da 10a Região Militar, grupo formado por músicos militares do Exército Brasileiro, sediado no estado do Ceará. O início das atividades da agremiação remonta ao entresséculos, mas, ao longo do século XX, bastante material foi produzido e conservado em seu acervo. Nesta investigação, objetiva-se compreender as proveniências dos documentos musicográficos, de modo a traçar rotas geográficas do processo de constituição do acervo. Para tanto, empreendeu-se Análise Diplomática Musical em diversos conjuntos de fontes do acervo. Os resultados apontam para compositores e copistas ainda pouco conhecidos no panorama nacional, bem como para rotas de circulação das fontes que incluem as cidades de Manaus (AM), Ceará-Mirim (RN), Recife (PE) e Rio de Janeiro (RJ).
Ressonâncias históricas das religiões afro-brasileiras em santa catarina: Florianópolis, Itajaí e Joinville
Authors:   UFPR - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Candemil Luciano da Silva
Published: January 2021

Trata-se de um estudo sobre o processo histórico das religiões afro-brasileiras em Santa Catarina, em especial a umbanda e o candomblé na região entre Florianópolis e Joinville. Visando compreender por que estas religiões estão intimamente relacionadas, foi realizada uma investigação histórica amparada pelas lentes da etnomusicologia (BLACKING, 2000), antropologia (LAPLANTINE, 2012) e dos estudos culturais (GARCÍA CANCLINI, 2015). Diante da escassez de pesquisas sobre esta temática na região, foi adotada como estratégia o conceito das ressonâncias históricas. Foram utilizadas bibliografias locais da área da história, antropologia, etnomusicologia, ciências humanas e de afrorreligiosidades. Conta-se também com relatos orais e intensa experiência de campo. Por conta de fatores geográficos, políticos e econômicos, detectamos que a história do candomblé em Santa Catarina passa pela umbanda, kardecismo, benzedeiras, curandeiros e pela figura do caboclo indígena, com vínculos no Rio de Janeiro e na Bahia. Diante das metamorfoses culturais, as religiões afro-brasileiras catarinenses são caracterizadas pela liberdade religiosa e pelo hibridismo doutrinal.
Development of Electronic Resources on the Formation of Personal Qualities of Schoolchildren
Authors: Kanybekovna Orynbayeva Laura , Nuralievna Kosherbaeva Aigerim , Valerevich Grinshkun Vadim , Yklasovich Bidaibekov Yesen , Nuralievna Kosherbaeva Gaziza , Bissenbayeva Zhanat
Published: January 2021

The new technology era is shifting the traditional ways of seeking knowledge and plays a new role in disseminating and sharing knowledge. E-learning systems have been introduced with the emergence of and developments in information technology (IT). However, most e-learning systems focus on allowing students to access and use official educational content, with less attention being paid to involve e-resources linked to curricula to support the educational process and the learners. The main objective of this research is to empower users in an e-learning environment with an Information Communication Technology (ICT) web-based system in order to play a bigger role in seeking and sharing e-resources for a better understanding of the curricula.
The article focuses on the problem of teaching students in e-learning. The results of a survey helped us identify the main difficulties facing students when they begin their studies. We also describe a methodology of teaching using e-learning as web-based instruction. The use of e-learning in the educational process improves the quality of practical training and provides a better understanding of the course.
This study proposes a web-based system that integrates elements of e-resources within an e-learning environment by using e-classes of 7th, 8th, and 9th grades enrolled at Secondary School as a testbed. The system deals with a set of learning cycles that support the aims of e-learning. The first cycle is the student; the second cycle is the teacher. In this study, quantitative and qualitative approaches have been used to evaluate, investigate, and compare the system's impact. The results of this study revealed that there is a significant difference between the students according to grade. Therefore, students at Secondary School would benefit from a system that exposes them to e-resources linked directly to the curriculum to achieve and navigate knowledge understanding.
“Medieval Power” through the Lens of Lexicometry. The Analysis of the 18th Century French Aristocracy Documents Vocabulary
Authors: Shelina Evgeniya Aleksandrovna
Published: January 2021

In this study the methods of lexicometry are used to address the problem of what the “medieval power” is in the written documents of the period. The article presents the results of two complementary experiments completed through the platform TXM (to create lexical tables) and by means of the R language (to perform the factor analysis). The first experiment is based on the linguistic model of the “semantic field of the power”. The study of the field structure of the corpora of the 18th century documents of the French aristocracy enables the author to find several types of the power: the right to possess lands and their inhabitants, the right to do something (including the right to command and to order) and the type “in the power of the institution, the person”. The aim is to classify the authorities in addition to the binominal “the spiritual power/the temporary power”. The second experiment answers the following question: what types of the power are more specific for distinct groups of the aristocracy? It has been found out that while abbots and counts mainly used written documents to control their possessions (that is mainly used the right to possess), bishops and kings were empowered with many different rights exercised in the written form. The second experiment also provides for tracing the global process of the concentration of possessions (property) in the hands of the Church. This property was transferred to religious institution from the laic aristocracy in a number of ways.
Archeological, Geological, Geomorphological and Archival Sources to Reconstruct the Eastern Part of Moscow Bely Gorod Historical Landscape (the 14th-16th Centuries): Podkopaevo and the Rachka River Valley Reconstruction
Authors: Boitsov Igor' Aleksandrovich , Kim Olga , Moor Vyacheslav , Chernov Sergei Zaremovich , Entin Andrey
Published: January 2021

The article studies a part of Moscow's historical center within Bely Gorod boundaries and is written as a part of the project aimed at creating a 3D-reconstruction of the historical landscape and the city layout in the 1760s-1770s. The authors create a map reconstructing the natural relief in the 14th century and the earth surface in the 1760s-1770s on the basis of archaeological data on the surface depth that preceded the urban life (the 14th century) as well as geological drilling data. The most difficult task was to reconstruct the landforms of the Rachka river valley which is now almost completely covered with a cultural layer. To solve this problem, the map underwent a geological and morphological examination by comparing it with the valley of the river – a natural analogue. The resulting digital reconstruction map of the river valley was verified by overlaying the buildings shown on the instrumental plans of the 18th-19th centuries and corrected. The research results are a series of schemes where the earth surface similar to that in the 14th century is shown by means of elevation contours and a separate map of the Rachka river historic bed. When comparing various materials, contradictions and inconsistencies were revealed that cannot be resolved using the data currently available, but the authors think that a detailed workflow presentation is sure to provide for completing and correcting the reconstructions presented in the article.
Reproducing country-wide COVID-19 dynamics can require the usage of a set of SIR systems
Authors: Postnikov Eugene B.
Published: January 2021

This work shows that simple compartmental epidemiological models may not reproduce actually reported country-wide statistics since the latter reflects the cumulative amount of infected persons, which in fact is a sum of outbreaks within different patched. It the same time, the multilogistic decomposition of such epidemiological curves reveals components, which are quite close to the solutions of the SIR model in logistic approximations characterised by different sets of parameters including time shifts. This line of reasoning is confirmed by processing data for Spain and Russia in details and, additionally, is illustrated for several other countries.
Second interfacial polymerization of thin‐film composite hollow fibers with amine‐cyclodextrins for pervaporation dehydration
Authors: Yu Xi , Zhu Tengyang , Xu Sheng , Zhang Xuan , Yi Ming , Xiong Shu , Liu Shutong , Shen Liang , Wang Yan
Published: January 2021

High performance thin‐film composite (TFC) hollow fiber membranes have been developed for pervaporation dehydration by second interfacial polymerization (SIP) modification with three kinds of amine‐functionalized β‐cyclodextrin (amine‐CDs), which were synthesized by modifying β‐CD with ammonia, ethylenediamine (EDA), and tris(2‐aminoethyl)amine, respectively. The chemical properties of amine‐CDs and SIP‐modified TFC membranes were characterized by various techniques. The effects of amine‐CD type and SIP parameters (pH or concentration of CD‐EDA solution) were studied systematically to acquire the optimized selective layer of TFC membranes for ethanol dehydration. Among all SIP‐modified TFC membranes, the one with SIP by 2 wt% CD‐EDA aqueous solution (pH = 2) exhibited the most outstanding separation performance with a ultrahigh permeation flux (3,018.0 ± 12.0 g/m2 hr) and permeate concentration (98.7 ± 0.2 wt% water) at 50°C (equivalent to separation factor of 415), contributed by the effectively incorporated CD with rich hydrophilic functional groups and intrinsic nanocavities facilitating the passage of water molecules.
Effect of nitrate feeding strategies on lipid and biomass productivities in fed‐batch cultures of Nannochloropsis gaditana
Authors: Devasya Roopa Rai P. , Bassi Amarjeet S.
Published: January 2021

Controlled nitrate feeding strategies for fed‐batch cultures of microalgae were applied for the enhancement of lipid production and microalgal growth rates. In particular, in this study, the effect of nitrate feeding rates on lipid and biomass productivities in fed‐batch cultures of Nannochloropsis gaditana were investigated using three feeding modes (i.e., pulse, continuous, and staged) and under two light variations on both lipid productivity and fatty acid compositions. Higher nitrate levels negatively affected lipid production in the study. Increasing the light intensity increased the lipid contents of the microalgae in all three fed‐batch feeding modes. A maximum of 58.3% lipid‐ to dry weight ratio was achieved when using pulse‐fed cultures at an illumination of 200 μmol photons m−2 s−1 and 10 mg/day of nitrate feeding. This condition also resulted in the maximum lipid productivity of 44.6 mg L−1 day−1. The fatty acid compositions of the lipids consisted predominantly of long‐chain fatty acids (C:16 and C:18) and accounted for 70% of the overall fatty acid methyl esters. Pulse feeding mode was found to significantly enhance the biomass and lipid production. The other two feeding modes (continuous and staged) were not ideal for lipid and biomass production. This study demonstrates the applicability of pulse feeding strategies in fed‐batch cultures as an appropriate cultivation strategy that can increase both lipid accumulation and biomass production.
Self‐criticism and self‐reassurance in individuals with recurrent depression: Effects of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy and relationship to relapse
Authors: Schanche Elisabeth , Vøllestad Jon , Visted Endre , Lillebostad Svendsen Julie , Binder Per‐Einar , Osnes Berge , Franer Petter , Sørensen Lin
Published: January 2021

Background

Self‐criticism is associated with an elevated risk of developing recurrent depressive episodes. Self‐criticism can have different forms, functions and underpinning emotions. An investigation into variations of self‐criticism and its antidotes is therefore warranted. The aim of this study, embedded within a randomised efficacy trial of mindfulness‐based cognitive therapy (MBCT), was to explore the effect of MBCT on self‐to‐self relating within three domains: self‐inadequacy, self‐hate and the ability to self‐reassure. We also investigated whether these forms of self‐to‐self relating predicted depressive relapse for the MBCT participants within a time frame of two years after the intervention.

Methods

Sixty‐eight individuals with recurrent depressive disorder were randomised to MBCT or a waiting list condition (WLC). Participants in the MBCT intervention were assessed for depressive relapse at follow‐up after 6, 12 and 24 months.

Results

Compared with WLC (N = 30), completers of MBCT (N = 26) showed a significant improvement in Reassure self (d = 0.69, p = .016) and a significant reduction in Inadequate self (d = 0.51, p = .021), measured with the Forms of Self‐Criticizing and Reassuring Scale. There were no significant changes in Hated self. Improvements in the Reassure self during the intervention predicted non‐occurrence of depressive relapse within a period of two years after the MBCT intervention.

Conclusions

Findings from the present study support evidence that MBCT can affect how individuals relate to themselves in difficult situations in ways that may act as protection against depressive relapse.
Mindfulness in psychotherapy and society—The need for combining enthusiasm and critical inquiry
Authors: Binder Per‐Einar , Hjeltnes Aslak
Published: January 2021

Mindfulness has become an integrated element in many psychotherapy approaches. It has also been embraced by media, the self‐help industry, and popular culture. This paper will address the question: Is the explosive growth in mindfulness approaches a success‐story? We will address some concerns on both a clinical and sociopolitical level. The authors have both been, and still are, enthusiastic about the potential of mindfulness‐based approaches. Mindfulness‐meditation has proven its value as a mental health intervention for a relatively broad range of clinical symptoms and disorders. However, they do not seem to work for all. There are reasons to be concerned about meditation‘s potential for having harmful as well as helpful effects. When mindfulness is decontextualized from its Buddhist roots, this often leaves the meditator alone, without both a community and a conceptual framework to give meaning to their experiences. Mindfulness is often presented as a panacea for all types of stress‐related problems in society. It might join forces with an individualistic do‐it‐yourself culture. Decontextualization of stress – and its solutions – might mask real social problems that require political solutions. However, suffering occurs in even the very best of societies; it arises both from social structures and the conditions of human existence. At all times, individuals have sought ways to improve their lives, and mindfulness offers a broad range of valuable practices. An in between is needed, combining the healthy energy of enthusiasm with critical inquiry and awareness of the limitations of mindfulness‐based approaches to psychotherapy.