bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Gaussian Pyramid for Nonlinear Support Vector Machine
Authors: Abo Zidan Rawan , Karraz George
Published: May 2022

Support vector machine (SVM) is one of the most efficient machine learning tools, and it is fast, simple to use, reliable, and provides accurate classification results. Despite its generalization capability, SVM is usually posed as a quadratic programming (QP) problem to find a separation hyperplane in nonlinear cases. This needs huge quantities of computational time and memory for large datasets, even for moderately sized ones. SVM could be used for classification tasks whose number of samples is limited but does not scale well to large datasets. The idea is to solve this problem by a smoothing technique to get a new smaller dataset representing the original one. This paper proposes a fast and less time and memory-consuming algorithm to solve the problems represented by a nonlinear support vector machine tool, based on generating a Gaussian pyramid to minimize the size of the dataset. The reduce operation between dataset points and the Gaussian pyramid is reformulated to get a smoothed copy of the original dataset. The new dataset points after passing the Gaussian pyramid will be closed to each other, and this will minimize the degree of nonlinearity in the dataset, and it will be 1/4 of the size of the original large dataset. The experiments demonstrate that our proposed techniques can reduce the classical SVM tool complexity, more accurately, and are applicable in real time.
Intelligent Drilling Depth Monitoring System for Geotechnical Site Investigation
Authors: Huang Man , Chen Zhangwei , Hong Chenjie , Sha Peng , Wu Zaosheng , Hu Chundong , Tao Zhigang
Published: May 2022

The drillhole depth is an indispensable parameter in the exploration process of drilling and coring engineering, but it is mainly calculated by manually counting the number of drill pipes. This highly subjective measurement method can easily lead to artificially misreporting borehole drillhole depth data, making the geological information mismatch. This study presents the overall scheme design of intelligent drillhole depth monitoring and designs real-time acquisition equipment and an installation device. The designed drillhole depth monitoring system is applied in the engineering investigation of a school laboratory expansion. In accordance with the collected data on site, the variation law of the drilling rig in the soil layer and the calculation formula of the drillhole depth are obtained. In addition, it is validated that the monitoring system can also be used well in the rock layer geology. Therefore, the proposed monitoring method is more reliable and convenient than the traditional calculation method of drillhole depth, which could serve as a reference for the intelligent drilling field management.
Adaptive Spatial Division-Guided Resource-Based Economic Transformation with Synergistic Resource, Economic, and Environmental Health
Authors: Yang Jiangong
Published: May 2022

Relying on the advantages of its input factors, the resource-based economy has achieved rapid development. However, with the global emphasis on scientific development, various contradictions have sharply reduced the competitiveness of the resource-based economy. In the process of a new round of changes in the world economic pattern and the adjustment of China’s development strategy, most resource-based economies have begun to implement transformation actively or passively. Resource-based economy was mostly established and developed in the period of planned economy, which made great contributions to national construction and accomplished brilliant achievements in regional economic and social development. However, the development of natural resources always goes through stages of development, growth, maturity, and decline. Therefore, resource-based cities also have problems of rise, prosperity, and decline. From the perspective of adaptive space division, this paper analyzes and studies the teaching of the coordinated development of resource-based economy in the transformation of the resource-based economy and environment economy and puts forward the panel data model, logistic curve, and other algorithm models. After optimization, the collaborative development model is designed. Based on the analysis of the model, it is found that the error analysis of the model has improved by 77.3% and the average growth rate of transformation benefits is generally 56.8%.
Insights into the HIV-1 Latent Reservoir and Strategies to Cure HIV-1 Infection
Authors: Bai Ruojing , Lv Shiyun , Wu Hao , Dai Lili
Published: May 2022

Since the first discovery of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) in 1983, the targeted treatment, antiretroviral therapy (ART), has effectively limited the detected plasma viremia below a very low level and the technique has been improved rapidly. However, due to the persistence of the latent reservoir of replication-competent HIV-1 in patients treated with ART, a sudden withdrawal of the drug inevitably results in HIV viral rebound and HIV progression. Therefore, more understanding of the HIV-1 latent reservoir (LR) is the priority before developing a cure that thoroughly eliminates the reservoir. HIV-1 spreads through both the release of cell-free particles and by cell-to-cell transmission. Mounting evidence indicates that cell-to-cell transmission is more efficient than cell-free transmission of particles and likely influences the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection. This mode of viral transmission also influences the generation and maintenance of the latent reservoir, which represents the main obstacle for curing the infection. In this review, the definition, establishment, and maintenance of the HIV-1 LR, along with the state-of-the-art quantitative approaches that directly quantify HIV-1 intact proviruses, are elucidated. Strategies to cure HIV infection are highlighted. This review will renew hope for a better and more thorough cure of HIV infection for mankind and encourage more clinical trials to achieve ART-free HIV remission.
Molecular Modeling and Simulation Analysis of Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy Potential for Control of COVID-19
Authors: Pourhajibagher Maryam
Published: May 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can enter the host cells by binding the viral surface spike glycoprotein (SG) to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2. Since antiviral photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been described as a new method for inhibiting viral infections, it is important to evaluate whether it can be used as a photoactivated disinfectant to control COVID-19. In this in silico study, SARS-CoV-2-SG was selected as a novel target for curcumin as a photosensitizer during aPDT to exploit its physicochemical properties, molecular modeling, hierarchical nature of protein structure, and functional analysis using several bioinformatics tools and biological databases. The results of a detailed computational investigation revealed that SARS-CoV-2-SG is most similar to 6VXX_A, with 100% query cover and identity. The predicted structure of SARS-CoV-2-SG displayed that it is a protein with a positive charge and random coil dominates other secondary structures located outside the viral cell. The protein-protein interaction network showed that SARS-CoV-2-SG interacted with ten potential interacting partners. In addition, primary screening of binding modes through molecular docking showed that curcumin desires to bind and interact with residues of SARS-CoV-2-SG as the main site to enhance the yield of aPDT. Overall, the computer simulation reveals that SARS-CoV-2-SG can be a suitable target site for interaction with curcumin during aPDT.
Application of Hybrid Encryption Algorithm in Hardware Encryption Interface Card
Authors: Yang Huiwei
Published: May 2022

In order to effectively solve the increasingly prominent network security problems, cryptographic algorithm is the key factor affecting the effectiveness of IPSec VPN encryption. Therefore, this paper mainly studies cryptographic algorithms and puts forward the following solutions: briefly analyze the concept and function of IPSec VPN, as well as the basic theoretical knowledge of IPSec Security Protocol and cryptography, and analyze the traditional cryptography, modern cryptography, symmetric cryptographic algorithms and asymmetric algorithms, and their security. At the same time, the executable and security performances of AES and DES algorithms are compared and analyzed. This paper studies the elliptic curve encryption algorithm ECC, expounds the mathematical basis of realizing the algorithm, and compares and analyzes the security performance and execution efficiency of ECC. Based on the above two algorithms, a hybrid encryption algorithm is proposed, and the realization mechanism of the hybrid encryption algorithm is studied and discussed. The hybrid encryption algorithm combines the advantages of ECC and AES. The algorithm selects 128-bit AES and 256-bit ECC. In order to better cover up plaintext C, AES is used to encrypt information. While enhancing security, speed is also considered. The improved encryption, decryption, and signature authentication algorithms are relatively safe and fast schemes. ECC algorithm is improved, and on this basis, ECC algorithm and AES algorithm are combined. Moreover, HMAC message authentication algorithm is added, and the performance of the improved algorithm is significantly improved.
Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana Infection in Wild Rodents from an Emergent Focus of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Yucatan, Mexico
Authors: Sosa-Bibiano Erika I. , Sánchez -Martínez Luis A. , López-Ávila Karina B. , Chablé-Santos Juan B. , Torres-Castro Jimmy R. , Fernández-Figueroa Edith A. , Rangel-Escareño Claudia , Loría-Cervera Elsy N.
Published: May 2022

In 2015, emergent cases of localized cutaneous leishmaniasis (LCL) were reported in Tinum, Yucatan, Mexico. As part of an eco-epidemiological study to characterize the elements that trigger Leishmania infection in that area, we conducted a field study to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania infection in wild rodents. From November 2019 to February 2020, rodents were caught from three sites located in the municipality of Tinum, Yucatan. For each specimen, clinical signs suggestive of Leishmania infection were recorded. Samples from the tail, liver, and spleen were taken for the identification of Leishmania DNA by PCR. Twenty rodents belonging to two species were caught including Heteromys gaumeri (55%, 11/20) and Ototylomys phyllotis (45%, 9/20). Fifty-five percent of the animals presented white spots on the tail, 15% had splenomegaly, and 5% had hepatomegaly. Fifty-five percent (11/20) of the animals were found infected by Leishmania. Heteromys gaumeri was caught in all trapping sites and was the most infected species (63.6%, 7/11). The percentage of infection for O. phyllotis was 44.4% (4/9). Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana was identified as the infecting species in two H. gaumeri. This study provides, for the first time, evidence of Leishmania infection in wild rodents from the Yucatan state. Heteromys gaumeri and O. phyllotis may be involved in the transmission cycle of L. mexicana in this emergent focus; however, further longitudinal studies are needed to confirm their role as primary reservoirs.
Quantitative Characterization of Full-Spectrum Pore Size and Connectivity for Shale with Different Sedimentary Facies from the Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin, East China
Authors: Du Yushan , Yin Na , Hu Qinhong , Meng Mianmo , Zhu Xiuchuan , Chao Jing , Ma Cunfei
Published: May 2022

Working with shales in the fourth member of Shahejie Formation in the Dongying Depression in Bohai Bay Basin of East China, this study examines the facies classification, petrological characteristics, pore size distribution, and pore connectivity of oil-producing shale. The studied shales could be classified into five sedimentary facies according to a three-step classification criterion that consists of total organic carbon (TOC), sedimentary structure, and mineral composition. Among them, the “low TOC massive siliceous mudstone” and “low TOC layered clayey mudstone” facies have similar distributions from low-pressure N2 physisorption, and the incremental volume within the 3-30 nm pore size range is much higher than the “high TOC laminated clayey marlstone” and “low TOC layered siliceous marlstone” facies. The

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spectra of nuclear magnetic resonance tests for the “high TOC laminated clayey marlstone” facies which contains abundant calcite laminae and organic matter-hosted pores commonly show three peaks, with a dominant peak at less than 300 nm in diameter and good pore connectivity. The

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spectra of three other facies are both characterized by two peaks, and the main peak of the “low TOC layered siliceous marlstone” and “low TOC layered clayey mudstone” facies has a similar range at 2-500 nm, in contrast with 1-17 nm for the “low TOC massive siliceous mudstone” facies. Pores in these four facies are mainly at nanoscales with predominant pore-throat diameters at less than 50 nm; however, the “high TOC laminated clayey marlstone” facies has the largest peak in the range of >1 μm, possibly because of its interlaminar structure and microcracks. The spontaneous imbibition experiments using two distinct fluids indicated that all of four facies have a much better pore connectivity towards the hydrophilic fluid than these experienced by the hydrophobic fluid.
A Highly Accurate Technique to Obtain Exact Solutions to Time‐Fractional Quantum Mechanics Problems with Zero and Nonzero Trapping Potential
Authors: Liaqat Muhammad Imran , Khan Adnan , Alam Md. Ashraful , Pandit M. K.
Published: May 2022

In this study, the highly accurate analytical Aboodh transform decomposition method (ATDM) in the sense of Caputo fractional derivative is used to determine the approximate and exact solutions of both linear and nonlinear time‐fractional Schrodinger differential equations (SDEs) with zero and nonzero trapping potential that describe the nonrelativistic quantum mechanical activity. The Adomian decomposition method (ADM) and the Aboodh transform of Caputo’s fractional derivative are combined in this method. The recurrence and absolute error of the four problems are analyzed to evaluate the efficiency and consistency of the presented method. In addition, numerical results are also compared with other methods such as the fractional reduced differential transform method (FRDTM), the homotopy analysis method (HAM), and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM). The results obtained by the proposed method show excellent agreement with these methods, which indicates its effectiveness and reliability. This technique has the benefit of not requiring any minor or major physical parameter assumptions in the problem. As a result, it may be used to solve both weakly and strongly nonlinear problems, overcoming some of the inherent constraints of classic perturbation approaches. To solve nonlinear fractional‐order differential equations, just a few computations are necessary. As a consequence, it outperforms homotopy analysis and homotopy perturbation approaches significantly. The procedure is quick, precise, and easy to implement. Convergence analysis of the series solution is also offered.
EIF5A2 Is Involved in the Biological Process of Cervical Cancer Cells through AGR2
Authors: Shen Xin , Li Lingxia , He Yuanyuan , Lv Xiaohui , Ma Jiajia
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Cervical cancer is a severe malignant tumor that endangers the health of women worldwide. Eukaryotic initiation factor-5A2 (EIF5A2) expression has been reported to be increased in cervical cancer and correlates with prognosis. An attempt was made in this paper to explore the impact and potential mechanisms of EIF5A2 in the cell biology of cervical cancer. Methods: We first knocked down EIF5A2 in cervical cancer cells. Then, we examined the proliferation, migration, invasion, and apoptosis of these cells by cell counting kit 8, wound healing, Transwell, and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling assays. Cells were processed with different concentrations of cisplatin to observe their sensitivity to cisplatin. Next, the relationship between EIF5A2 and anterior gradient 2 (AGR2) was verified by co-immunoprecipitation. Following AGR2 overexpression, the biological processes of these cells were examined. Results: EIF5A2 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, and it promoted apoptosis and enhanced the sensitivity to cisplatin in cervical cancer cells. Additionally, AGR2 expression was positively correlated with EIF5A2, and its overexpression alleviated the reduction in proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells induced by EIF5A2 knockdown. Overexpression of AGR2 also reduced apoptosis and their sensitivity to cisplatin in EIF5A2-knockdwon cervical cancer cells. Conclusion: EIF5A2 knockdown inhibited the biological process of cervical cancer cells through modulation of AGR2. The in-depth investigation of the molecular mechanism of EIF5A2 in cervical cancer cells provides new strategies for the prevention and treatment of clinical malignancies.
Th1 Cytokines Signature in 2 Cases of IgA Nephropathy Flare after mRNA-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine: Exploring the Pathophysiology
Authors: Martinez Valenzuela Laura , Oliveras Laia , Gomà Montserrat , Quiros Eugenia , Antón-Pámpols Paula , Gómez-Preciado Francisco , Fulladosa Xavier , Cruzado Josep Maria , Torras Juan , Draibe Juliana
Published: May 2022

mRNA-based vaccines have dramatically shifted the course of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) flare is the most reported renal adverse effect after the administration of these vaccines. Unraveling the mechanistic pathways leading to these flares is necessary to confirm a causal association. Herein, we report 2 cases of IgAN flare after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in patients previously diagnosed with IgAN. We describe and compare the clinical and analytical features of the disease at the time of the diagnostic with the post-vaccine flare. In addition, we obtained serum and urine of these patients at the moment of the flare and determined the levels of IL-2, TNF-α, and IFNγ using a multiplex bead-based assay. As diseased controls, we included n = 13 patients diagnosed with IgAN who had available serum and urine samples at the moment of the diagnostic stored in our biobank. We also included 6 healthy controls. Compared to the first episode, postvaccination flares were more severe in terms of peak serum creatinine, albuminuria, and urinary erythrocyte count. The histological lesions found at the biopsy performed during the post-vaccine flare were similar to those found at the diagnostic. One of the patients who suffered a post-vaccine flare showed increased serum IL-2 and TNFα compared to the IgAN-diseased controls and the healthy controls. In conclusion, although several cases of post-vaccine IgAN flares have been reported, there are no mechanistic studies on the occurrence of these flares. We here suggest that hyperactivation of the Th1 pathway may be involved, but larger studies with more refined methods for numerical and functional Th1 lymphocytes evaluation are required.
Parenting Role in the Development of Borderline Personality Disorder
Authors: Kaur Mandeep , Sanches Marsal
Published: May 2022

The progressively improving understanding of the borderline personality disorder (BPD) has led to an increased interest in the better clarification of the integrated role of biological and psychosocial factors in the underlying pathophysiology of this condition. The influence of early childhood interactions and stress exposure in shaping our personalities during adulthood cannot be emphasized enough. In this review, we discuss the critical role of parenting-related factors including maladaptive parenting, parenting styles, and parenting psychopathology as early childhood influences in the developmental psychopathology of BPD. Protective factors that may impact the development of this disorder and possible preventive interventions are also briefly reviewed.
Mammakarzinom: Deutlicher Vorteil der Immuntherapie beim triple-negativen nicht-metastasierten Mammakarzinom
Authors: Banys-Paluchowski Maggie , Krawczyk Natalia , Fehm Tanja
Published: May 2022

In der KEYNOTE-522 Studie führte die Zugabe von Pembrolizumab zur neoadjuvanten Chemotherapie zu einem signifikant höheren Prozentsatz von Patientinnen mit frühem dreifach negativem Brustkrebs, die bei der endgültigen Operation ein pathologisch vollständiges Ansprechen (definiert als kein invasiver Krebs in der Brust und negative Knoten) hatten. Patienten mit zuvor unbehandeltem dreifach negativem Brustkrebs im Stadium II oder III wurden nach dem Zufallsprinzip und im Verhältnis 2:1 einer neoadjuvanten Therapie mit vier Zyklen Pembrolizumab (in einer Dosis von 200mg) oder Placebo alle drei Wochen plus Paclitaxel und Carboplatin zugeteilt, gefolgt von vier Zyklen Pembrolizumab oder Placebo plus Doxorubicin-Cyclophosphamid oder Epirubicin-Cyclophosphamid. Nach der endgültigen Operation erhielten die Patienten bis zu neun Zyklen lang alle drei Wochen adjuvant Pembrolizumab (Pembrolizumab-Chemotherapie-Gruppe) oder Placebo (Placebo-Chemotherapie-Gruppe). Von den 1174 Patienten, die randomisiert wurden, wurden 784 der Pembrolizumab-Chemotherapie-Gruppe und 390 der Placebo-Chemotherapie-Gruppe zugewiesen. Die mediane Nachbeobachtungszeit bei dieser vierten geplanten Zwischenanalyse betrug 39,1 Monate. Bei Patientinnen mit frühem dreifach negativem Brustkrebs führte die neoadjuvante Behandlung mit Pembrolizumab plus Chemotherapie, gefolgt von der adjuvanten Behandlung mit Pembrolizumab nach der Operation, zu einem signifikant längeren ereignisfreien Überleben als die neoadjuvante Chemotherapie allein.
Improving fat transplantation survival and vascularization with adenovirus E4+ endothelial cell-assisted lipotransfer
Authors: Dong Xue , Premaratne Ishani , Gadjiko Mariam , Berri Nabih , Spector Jason A.
Published: May 2022

Autologous fat transplantation is plagued by an unpredictable and often significant degree of graft loss. AdE4+ endothelial cells (ECs), are human endothelial cells that have been transduced with the E4ORF1 region of human adenovirus Type 5, resulting in long-term preservation of EC proliferation and angiogenic capability without immortalization. We hypothesized that AdE4+ EC-enriched fat grafts would demonstrate improved volume retention secondary to enhanced angiogenesis. Three experimental groups were prepared by admixing 400µL of patient lipoaspirate with 100µL of AdE4+ EC suspensions (“high” AdE4+ EC concentration-enriched (5 x 106/mL), “low” AdE4+ EC concentration-enriched (1.25 x 106/mL) or PBS), and injected subcutaneously into the bilateral dorsa of nude mice. Fat transplants were explanted at 90 and 180 days for volumetric and histologic analyses. After both 90 and 180 days, AdE4+ EC-enriched fat grafts showed greater mean volume preservation compared to control grafts (p < 0.05). Regions of focal necrosis were only noticed in low AdE4+ EC concentration-enriched and control groups after 180 days. Histologic analysis demonstrated the presence of healthy adipocytes in all AdE4+ EC-enriched fat grafts in which both human and host ECs were evident after 90 and 180 days. AdE4+ EC enrichment improved fat graft volume preservation and vascularization in this murine xenograft model. Though further study is warranted, AdE4+ endothelial cells demonstrate promise as a potential off-the-shelf adjunct for improving the volume, quality, and consistency of fat engraftment.
A new zero voltage transition interleaved flyback converter
Authors: Peiravan Zahra , Delshad Majid , Amini Mohammad Reza
Published: May 2022

The paper introduced a new zero voltage transition (ZVT) interleaved flyback converter which has two similar flyback converters. Two flyback converters are in parallel connection and auxiliary circuit in this converter provides ZVT condition for all of the main switches and also provides zero current switching and zero voltage zero current switching (ZVZCS) conditions for the auxiliary switch. Also, ZCS conditions are created for diodes turning off, so reverse recovery problem is solved. The auxiliary circuit in the suggested converter is modular, and by adding parallel branches to the flyback circuit, this circuit can provide soft switching conditions for all switches without significantly change. A complete analysis of the converter is provided and its operating intervals are explained. A 180 W laboratory prototype of the converter is made to approve the theoretical calculations. The experimental results show 7.7% increase in efficiency.
Evaluation of wind energy potential at four provinces in Morocco using two-parameter Weibull distribution function
Authors: Daoudi Mohammed , Mou Abdelaziz Ait Sidi , Naceur Lahcen Ait
Published: May 2022

In the last years, the use of wind turbines for power generation has increase due to the advance's technology used and the stable cost. In this paper, due to the low investment in the desert regions of Fezouata, Ouijjane, El Ouatia, and Taroudannt in Morocco, we have considered wind resources as an ideal option. Using meteorological statistics, Weibull's distribution function was able to estimate the wind power and potential of four various wind turbines for each site with various nominal powers, ranging from 250 kW to 2000 kW, for use in wind farms. 24 years of wind speed data to fit the Weibull distribution. For the four provinces examined, the annual mean value of wind speed and frequency distributions were collected. The desert province of El Ouatia shows that it is economically feasible to install a wind farm for the production of green energy.
Non-parametric induction motor rotor flux estimator based on feed-forward neural network
Authors: Mahsahirun Siti Nursyuhada , Idris Nik Rumzi Nik , Yusof Zulkifli Md. , Sutikno Tole
Published: May 2022

The conventional induction motor rotor flux observer based on current model and voltage model are sensitive to parameter uncertainties. In this paper, a non-parametric induction motor rotor flux estimator based on feed-forward neural network is proposed. This estimator is operating without motor parameters and therefore it is independent from parameter uncertainties. The model is trained using Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm offline. All the data collection, training and testing process are fully performed in MATLAB/Simulink environment. A forced iteration of 1,000-epochs is imposed in the training process. There are overall 603,968 datasets are used in this modeling process. This four-input two-output neural network model is capable of providing rotor flux estimation for field-oriented control systems with 3.41e-9 mse and elapsed 28 minutes 49 seconds training time consumption. This proposed model is tested with reference speed step response and parameters uncertainties. The result indicates that the proposed estimator improves voltage model and current model rotor flux observers for parameters uncertainties.
GMPPT approach for photovoltaic systems under partial shading conditions using a genetic algorithm
Authors: Tafticht Tahar , Tchakala Mouctar , Rahman Md Jahidur
Published: May 2022

In this paper a new global maximum power point tracking (GMPPT) approach is proposed for a photovoltaic (PV) module using a genetic algorithm (GA) system under partial shading conditions. The partial shading condition is one of the adverse phenomena that the PV system experiences, it is difficult to track true peaks because of existence of multiple peaks in a PV array (partially shaded based). The conventional GMPPT algorithms met in the literature, the initial value of reference is approximated arbitrarily for various conditions of irradiation and temperature and they can’t distinguish between the local and global peaks if partial shading occurs, what reduces the performances of the tracking of the point of optimal operation of PV systems. So, to improve these performances, we proposed a nonlinear based GMPPT method to estimate the initial optimal operating point. To compare with conventional GAs methods, the global peak (GP) tracking process is accomplished after follow the far fewer power perturbation steps. This approach made a possible to largely improve the GP tracking in the PV system, improve the accuracy of the GMPPT algorithms, and accelerate the convergence speed. This GMPPT method is checked for different shading profiles through the simulation and verification.
Realization of an dimmable electronic ballast for a discharge lamps fed by an LSCSCP circuit and a PFC stage
Authors: Amine Marref Mohammed , Habib Hamdaoui , Bechekir Seyf Eddine
Published: May 2022

This paper presents an electronic ballast for discharge lamps. The ballast consists of two stages: i) a boost-buck chopper that performs the power factor correction and provides an approximately variable DC link voltage to drive the second stage and ii) a half-bridge MOSFET inverter with an improved series-parallel inductor-capacitor-inductor (LsCpLp) resonant circuit to drive the high-frequency discharge lamp. The electronic ballast designed here is a multi-purpose ballast which was experimentally tested for high-pressure sodium discharge lamps 150 W and metal halide lamps 150 W. It was revealed that this mode of operation makes it possible to vary and dim the light of the lamp and to improve the quality of the power supply while reducing the harmonic currents in networks.
Analysis of open circuit voltage and state of charge of high power lithium ion battery
Authors: Mushini Jairam Chandra Dutt , Rana Kuldeep , Aspalli Mruttanjaya Sanganna
Published: May 2022

Electric vehicles (EVs) are the emerging technologies in the transport sector around the world. EV runs using an electric motor with electricity which is stored in Li-ion batteries (LIBs). Because of its superior qualities LIBs become the market leader for the usage in EVs. With the increased penetration of LIBs in EVs, it is important to monitor the charging and discharging process of the batteries. Accurate estimation of state of charge (SoC) and open circuit voltage (OCV) is essential for the better control of EV. In the present study LIB of 40 Ah nickel manganese cobalt (NMC) cell chemistry has been used for estimation of state of charge at different C-rates as 0.3, 0.5, 1 and 2 C rates. The relationship between the SoC and OCV is nonlinear however relationship between SoC and Ah is linear. Slight rise has been observed in cell terminal temperature at lower C rating at higher C-rating it is found that temperature rise is more (around 10 ℃). Hence, it is important to consider the C-rate of the battery from SoC-OCV curve of the battery. Also, higher C-rate may lead to incorrect estimation of the SoC, reduction in battery life and may lead to potential safety risks.
Implementation of disturbance observer for sensorless speed estimation in induction motor
Authors: Indriawati Katherin , Wijaya Febry Pandu , Mufit Choirul
Published: May 2022

The use of speed sensors in induction motors is considered to be less effective because of the high price and diminishing reliability. Over time, a speed estimator was developed to increase the speed of the sensor. This paper describes the application of a disturbance observer algorithm as an estimator of the speed of an induction motor. In this case, the estimator is seen as an embedded system that only uses current information to measure speed of induction motor. To test the performance of the disturbance observer-based estimator, a comparison was made with the estimator based on the extended Kalman filter. From the experiment, it is found that the speed estimation using the disturbance observer has a smaller root mean square error in the low-speed operation than one of the extended Kalman filter, i.e. the root mean squared error (RMSE) value is below 4% in the range of 250 revolution per minute (RPM)–600 RPM.
Switching function parameter variation analysis of a quasi-sliding mode controlled induction motor drive
Authors: Palackappillil Shaija , Daniel Asha Elizebath
Published: May 2022

Sliding mode control is a nonlinear, robust control that is having better load disturbance rejection capability, less parameter sensitivity and fast dynamic response. Conventional sliding mode control introduces high chattering that can degrade the induction motor (IM) drive system responses. Hence, a quasi-sliding mode controller (Q-SMC) using a hyperbolic tangent function coupled with equivalent control is designed for robust speed control of vector-controlled IM drive in this work. This work focuses on the effect of variation of the switching function parameters of the Q-SMC on the performance of the drive. Extensive simulations are performed using MATLAB/Simulink software, and the switching function parameters are adjusted across a wide range and its impact on motor performance is studied qualitatively and quantitatively, with accompanying graphical results and various transient parameters. It is observed that a Q-SMC controller with a larger boundary layer width has less overshoot, less steady-state error, and a lower current THD. It is also observed that even though a high gain Q-SMC controller responds quickly, the percentage overshoot for high gain systems is likewise large. Hence, if the boundary layer width and switching gain parameters are optimized, a Q-SMC speed controller is a promising choice for a high-performance IM drive.
Modelling and control design of the electrostatic linear comb actuator
Authors: Nguyen Dzung Tien , Dao Nam Phuong , Lai Hoa Thi Thanh
Published: May 2022

Control design plays a major part in electrostatic linear comb actuator (ELCA) systems. Most existing control methods of ECLA mainly focus on traditional PID method. However, proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is only appropriate for the reference to be known as constant. In this article, the problem of establishing the dynamic model and designing the controller is investigated for ECLA working in the time-varying reference. The tracking effectiveness is constructed for ECLA systems based on the consideration of roots of the equivalent differential equation in tracking error model. Moreover, the convergence velocity is also tuned by changing the parameters in the presented control scheme. Simulation results guarantee the performance of the nonlinear control scheme as well as dynamic model to be established.
Collecting data in smart cities using energy harvesting technology
Authors: Al_Issa Huthaifa Ahmad , Al-Samrraie La’aly Ahmed , Rawashdeh Khalideh Al bkoor , Jaradat Aya Sate’
Published: May 2022

This work investigates the problems of extending the sensors network lifetime in smart cities. The limited capacity of the sensors’ batteries, and the difficulty of replacing the sensors’ batteries in hard-to-reach areas are some of the main challenges that contribute in reducing the lifetimes of the networks. The direction of this study is to use renewable energy as an energy source for collecting data from various infrastructures that are distributed throughout these cities. We present a model for data collection based on combining energy harvesting (EH) with the cluster head rotation feature, which results in flexible and sustainable networks that can be used in smart cities. Simulation results depict the performance of the proposed model with and without EH technology. The metrics used to compare the performance of the proposed model with and without EH technology include the consumed energy by sensors, number of live and dead sensors, and energy variance. The results show that the network lifetime increases when EH technology is used.
Appropriateness analysis of implementing a smart grid system in campus buildings using the fuzzy method
Authors: Maizana Dina , Putri Syarifah Muthia
Published: May 2022

The smart building campus is still being studied by researchers until now. Given the importance of meeting key performance indicators on smart campuses. Medan Area University is a campus that uses a smart grid system to solve energy management problems. With the position of the Medan Area University being in an area that has the potential to utilize photovoltaic (PV) solar renewable energy sources. With the designation of Google Earth data, the average sunlight intensity in the campus area is 4,528 KWh/m2. The design of the smart grid system is carried out by making solar PV solar as the main source and 4 computers as loads. The fuzzy method was chosen in the smart grid system simulation that has been designed because the fuzzy method can provide decisions in the intersection area. To facilitate analysis The MATLAB program is used to assist in the simulation. So that the output can show results that are close to real conditions. Based on 144 hours of data that has been entered into the fuzzy method, the output shows the results are appropriate to be implemented.
Constant current-fuzzy logic algorithm for lithium-ion battery charging
Authors: Nizam Muhammad , Maghfiroh Hari , Ubaidilah Azis , Inayati Inayati , Adriyanto Feri
Published: May 2022

The lithium-ion (Li-ion) battery has a high demand because of its long cycle, reliability, high energy density, low toxic, low self-discharge rate, high power density, and high efficiency. However, lithium-ion batteries have sensitivity to over-charge, temperature, and charge discharge currents. The conventional battery charging system takes a very long time to charge which makes the battery temperature high. Therefore, a charger system that can maximize charging capacity, shorten charging time, and extend battery life is needed. In this study, a battery charging system was developed using the constant current–fuzzy (CC-fuzzy) control method. The aim is to get faster charging time and maintain battery life by limiting the battery charging temperature. The proposed charger system is dual mode which can be operated in both buck and boost mode. The experimental result shows that the proposed method is superior compared to the constant current constant voltage (CCCV) method in charging time. The CC-fuzzy method charging time is faster compared to the CCCV method by 25% and 12.5% in buck and boost modes, respectively. Whereas from the battery temperature, in buck mode, the proposed method has a lower temperature by 0.5 ⁰C and in the boost mode, each method has the same temperature.
Conducted emission study in space vector modulated voltage source inverter
Authors: Yuvaraj Uma Maheswari , Alagarsamy Amudha , Loganathan Ashok Kumar , Thavassy Selvathai
Published: May 2022

To comply with electromagnetic interference (EMI) standards, the electromagnetic noise generated by power electronic converters must be analyzed and suppressed since the switching frequency of the converter affects EMI noise. Conducted emission occurs in drive systems due to inverter parasitic capacitances and rapidly switching inverter output voltages. The EMI noise produced space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) inverter is calculated using MATLAB/Simulink simulation data. The unwanted common mode and differential mode signals produced by the inverter are captured using a spectrum analyzer and examined using short time Fourier transform (STFT). To mitigate the effect of EMI in the circuit and to comply with the standards filters are developed. The passive filter components are defined by the EMI standards attenuation requirements. The MATLAB simulation findings are confirmed and verified by hardware implementation.
Host status of Bambara groundnut accessions to Meloidogyne incognita using conventional screenhouse and novel seedling pouch methods
Authors: Ayeni Beulah P. , Claudius-Cole Abiodun O. , Abberton Michael , Coyne Danny
Published: May 2022

Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea) is an underexploited legume indigenous to sub-Saharan Africa with high protein content. Production constraints of Bambara groundnut include the root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.), which causes substantial losses that present an additional burden that growers need to manage. In this study we: i) assessed genetic resistance against Meloidogyne incognita in Bambara groundnut; and ii) evaluated an improved, more efficient screening method for Bambara. Fifty accessions were evaluated in two screenhouse trials. Following this, the use of seedling pouches was assessed for a high throughput screening method, using two accessions identified from each of three host status categories (resistant, tolerant and susceptible). Variability in host response was observed between the trials but five accessions demonstrated good resistance to M. incognita. A general reduction in plant growth parameters was observed on inoculated plants, especially for chlorophyll content at 11 weeks after planting. The pouch screening system confirmed the screenhouse pot results but appears to be more sensitive. From a range of inocula no differences in gall index were observed over the 28 days of assessment in pouches but the number of egg masses proved a useful parameter and differed between inoculum levels, with 500 juveniles/eggs determined as the optimum inoculum level. The use of seedling pouches reduced time, space and cost to screen Bambara groundnuts for resistance against M. incognita. Consequently, it is recommended as an efficient, high throughput, rapid screening protocol for Bambara groundnut compared to conventional pot screening methods.
Jurisdiction and its attribution in the works of Diodorus Tuldenus (1594-1645)
Authors: Sluijs Geert
Published: May 2022

Diodorus Tuldenus (1594-1645) as a professor of the Digest at the University of Leuven is one of the most representative figures for legal academia in the Southern Low Countries in this period. After a brief biography, this article deals with a classic subject in the field of public law as discussed by Tuldenus in his works: jurisdiction and its attribution. In chapter one, the genealogy of the terms iurisdictio and imperium is traced until Tuldenus’ treatment of the subject, situating his position vis-à-vis the state of the art. In the second chapter the same is done for the conditions under which this jurisdiction can be attributed. In the conclusion, a tentative link is drawn between Tuldenus’ positions and their broader political ramifications.
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma—Correlation Between Imaging and Final Pathology: Is MRI Better?
Authors: Ozcan Lerna C. , Donovan Cory A. , Srour Marissa , Chung Alice , Mirocha James , Frankel Steven D. , Hakim Paul , Giuliano Armando E. , Amersi Farin
Published: May 2022

Background

Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) is associated with high re-excision rates following breast-conserving surgery (BCS). The correlation between lesion size on different imaging modalities and final tumor size has not been well characterized.

Methods

A prospective database of patients with stage I-III breast cancer undergoing BCS between 2006 and 2016 was reviewed. Pearson correlation analysis was used to correlate tumor size on breast imaging to final pathology.

Results

Of these, 111 patients with ILC were identified. Mean lesion size was 1.93 cm for MMG, 1.61 cm for US, and 2.51 cm for MRI. Mean tumor size on surgical excision was 2.64 cm. The correlation coefficient between pathology and the different imaging modalities were as follows: MMG .17, US 0.37, and MRI .58. Actual tumor size was underestimated by 1 cm in 27.1% of MMGs, 50% of USs, and in 13.3% of MRIs. 38 patients (34.2%) underwent re-excision. No differences in re-excision rates were noted in patients with and without MRI, 30.3% vs 40.0%, respectively (P = .31).

Conclusion

While MRI provides a better estimate of tumor size than MMG and US, the size of the tumor on imaging only weakly correlated with pathology. The use of MRI does not decrease re-excision rates.
Social Justice Identity Development for International Counseling Psychology Students
Authors: Hui-Spears Kayi , Park-Saltzman Jeeseon
Published: May 2022

Despite the inclusion of social justice and international issues in counseling psychology, there are no conceptual models or research to date that focus on social justice identity development and training issues for international counseling psychology students. The unique cross-cultural experiences and systemic injustices facing many international counseling psychology students may inform their social justice identity development in a distinctive manner. Thus, by incorporating biculturalism and transformative learning theories, this article proposes a theoretical model to illustrate the psychological processes and outcomes of social justice identity development for international counseling psychology students with the following four phases: (a) cultural and social awareness of privilege and oppression, (b) critical analysis of systemic oppression across cultures, (c) synergistic development of social justice competence and bicultural competence, and (d) integration of social justice identity and competence across cultures. We provide recommendations for future practice, advocacy, education, training, and research.
Simulated Acute Hypobaric Hypoxia Effects on Cognition in Helicopter Emergency Medical Service Personnel – A Randomized, Controlled, Single-Blind, Crossover Trial
Authors: Falla Marika , Hüfner Katharina , Falk Markus , Weiss Elisabeth M. , Vögele Anna , Jan van Veelen Michiel , Weber Bernhard , Brandner Jonas , Palma Martin , Dejaco Alexander , Brugger Hermann , Strapazzon Giacomo
Published: May 2022

Objective

To evaluate, under replicable, blinded and standardised conditions, the effect of acute exposure to hypobaric hypoxia (HH) (equivalent to 200 or 3000 or 5000 m above sea level (asl)) on selected cognitive domains and physiological parameters in personnel of helicopter emergency medical service (HEMS).

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial using a single-blind crossover design in an environmental chamber ( terraXcube) to induce HH in 48 HEMS personnel. Participants performed cognitive tests (CT) before the ascent, after 5 min at altitude, and after simulated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SCR). CT evaluated: sustained attention using the psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) that included measurement of reaction time (RT); risky decision making using the balloon analogue risk task (BART), and attention and speed of processing using the digit symbol substitution test (DSST). CT performance was subjectively rated with a visual analogue scale (VAS). Physiological data were recorded with a physiological monitoring system. Data were analysed using a linear mixed model and correlation analysis.

Results

Mean reaction time was significantly slower ( p = 0.002) at HH (5000 m asl), but there were no independent effects of HH on the other parameters of the PVT, BART or DSST. Participants did not detect subjectively the slower RT at altitude since VAS performance results showed a positive correlation with mean RT ( p = 0.009). DSST results significantly improved ( p = 0.001) after SCR.

Conclusion

Acute exposure of HEMS personnel to HH induced a slower RT but no changes in any other investigated measures of cognition. The reduced RT was not detected subjectively by the participants. Trial number 3489044136, ClinicalTrials.gov trial registration.