bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Overt and Covert Delinquency: Socio-Demographic Correlates in Justice-Involved Adolescent Males
Authors: Dhal Subhranshu Sekhar , Mohanty Niranjan , Mohakud Nirmal Kumar , Panigrahi Ansuman , Sahoo Manaswinee
Published: June 2022

Delinquent offenses among adolescents is an important public health concern worldwide and has been increasing at an alarming rate in India. The study aimed to assess the prevalence and pattern of delinquency among justice-involved adolescent (JIA) males and determine the associated socio-demographic factors. This cross-sectional study was carried out during the year 2016 to 2019 among 178 male inmates (aged 10–18 years) of an observation home situated at Berhampur city in the state of Odisha, India. More than half (52.8%) of the JIA males committed overt delinquent acts and 47.2% committed covert delinquent acts. Drug trafficking (34.5%) tops the list among different covert delinquent acts followed by stealing things (33.3%) whereas rape (62.8%) was the most frequently committed overt delinquent act followed by murder (25%). Results of the multivariate analysis revealed that older age {adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 4.05; 95% CI [1.73, 9.51]}, lower education status of mother (aOR: 2.81; 95% CI [1.09, 7.22]), single parenthood (aOR: 4.58; 95% CI [1.27, 16.58]), and non-supportive parenting (aOR: 3.13, 95% CI [1.44, 6.80]) were significantly associated with overt delinquency in JIA males. The prevalence of overt delinquency among JIA males was high. Interventional measures incorporating these determinants should be designed to address overt delinquency in this population.
Impact of Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control on Traffic Stability
Authors: Hung Yun-Chu , Zhang Kuilin
Published: June 2022

Cooperative adaptive cruise control (CACC) is one of the popular connected and automated vehicle (CAV) applications for cooperative driving automation with combined connectivity and automation technologies to improve string stability. This study aimed to derive the string stability conditions of a CACC controller and analyze the impacts of CACC on string stability for both a fleet of homogeneous CAVs and for heterogeneous traffic with human-driven vehicles (HDVs), connected vehicles (CVs) with connectivity technologies only, and autonomous vehicles (AVs) with automation technologies only. We mathematically analyzed the impact of CACC on string stability for both homogeneous and heterogeneous traffic flow. We adopted parameters from literature for HDVs, CVs, and AVs for the heterogeneous traffic case. We found there was a minimum constant time headway required for each parameter design to ensure stability in homogeneous CACC traffic. In addition, the constant time headway and the length of control time interval had positive correlation with stability, but the control parameter had a negative correlation with stability. The numerical analysis also showed that CACC vehicles could maintain string stability better than CVs and AVs under low HDV market penetration rates for the mixed traffic case.
Walking the Last Mile: Barriers and Solutions to Suburban Transit Access
Authors: Braun Lindsay M. , Barajas Jesus M. , Lee Bumsoo , Martin Rebecca
Published: June 2022

Pedestrian infrastructure plays a critical role in facilitating first-/last-mile access to transit. Efforts to connect pedestrians to transit through infrastructure improvements, however, often face considerable implementation barriers. These barriers can be particularly pronounced for suburban transit providers, which serve low-density, automobile-oriented development and often must coordinate across many jurisdictions. In this analysis, we examine strategies that transit agencies, metropolitan planning organizations, and municipalities use to build pedestrian infrastructure near suburban transit services in the United States, and the barriers they face in this process. We use Pace Suburban Bus, a transit provider in the Chicago, Illinois region, as an illustrative case study, conducting surveys with planners and interviews with diverse stakeholder groups in the agency’s service area. To complement these findings, we conduct an online survey of similar agency types in ten peer regions across the United States. The results suggest that agencies support pedestrian access to transit through a variety of plans, policies, programs, and partnerships. However, agencies face significant implementation barriers, including limited funding, competing investment priorities, jurisdictional/coordination issues, automobile-oriented planning and development, regulatory compliance issues, and limited staff capacity. Based on these findings, we propose recommendations related to planning (e.g., better inclusion/documentation of pedestrian needs in plans), policy (e.g., regional support for Complete Streets and Americans with Disability Act related policy efforts), funding (e.g., regional platforms for sharing funding opportunities), and education (e.g., staff training and community awareness campaigns). These recommendations provide specific actions that agencies at multiple levels of government can take to better support pedestrian access to transit in suburban communities.
Khairul Majalis: Highlighting the Virtues of Shaikh Nasiruddin Chiragh-i-Dehli
Authors: Pratibha
Published: June 2022

In this article, an attempt has been made to make a nuanced study of the images portrayed of the shaikh by Hamid Qalandar and his protagonist, Shaikh Nasiruddin, in the malfuzat of the shaikh entitled Khairul Majalis. It highlights that the shaikh willingly chose the path of faqr (poverty), faqa (deprivation/hunger) and wanted to renounce duniya wa khalq (world and people), which resulted in an antipathy towards shughl (government service) and the state and all its institutions. Fawaid-al-Fuad, malfuzat of Shaikh Nizamuddin Auliya, constructed the rudimentary tariqa— in effect, a powerful, rudimentary preliminary lineage of the Chishti silsila was constructed. Khairul Majalis effectively highlights the virtues of Shaikh Nasiruddin, and thus he successfully claims to tap into the paradigm of conduct of an ‘ideal murid’—an embodiment of an ‘ideal murid’—stringently following the different principles and practices of Chishti silsila so clearly laid out in Fawaid-al-Fuad—thus a ‘worthy successor’.

The didactic and discursive nature of the Khairul Majalis and the malfuzat genre, in general, is evident. These hagiological work(s) need to be studied in the context in which it/they emerged, and the intentions of the hagiographer, the background and/or agenda in presenting the text must be taken into account before reaching any conclusions based on it. As evident, the malfuzat strives to draw out the best traits of the respective protagonist to hold them up as a model of piety and a recipient of divine grace. In the process, they accentuate the construct of the paradigm of conduct appropriate to a Shaikh.
The impact of socio-economic deprivation on recovery following robotic assisted radical cystectomy
Authors: W Abou Chedid , GJ Nason , T Mahesan , A Ashton , A Tay , AL Walsh , A Roodhouse , S Uribe-Lewis , J Uribe , D Moschonas , R Issa , MJA Perry , K Patil
Published: June 2022

Background:

Despite enhanced recovery programmes, length of stay is variable following robotic assisted radical cystectomy (RARC). The aim of this study was to assess the impact socioeconomic deprivation on recovery following RARC.

Methods:

The prospectively maintained RARC databases at two tertiary referral hospitals were reviewed from 2015 to 2017. Demographic, histological, and outcome data including length of stay (LOS), operation time and blood loss were recorded. The Index of Multiple Deprivation, was chosen as a deprivation index as this is used by the UK government to direct funding and resources to regions, towns and postal codes by assessing a number of indicators.

Results:

During the study period, 340 consecutive patients underwent RARC. Deprivation deciles were significantly higher in site 1 patients (7.9 in site 1 vs 6.6 in site 2, p < 0.001) implying that these patients are more likely to have higher incomes, levels of education and improved living environments. The mean operating time was longer in the site 1 cohort (397 vs 366 min, p > 0.001) with a reduced mean blood loss volume (252 and 484 mL, p < 0.001). There was a significant difference in mean LOS (6.2 days in site 1 vs 10.6 days in site 2, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, a higher deprivation decile did not predict LOS (OR = 1, 95% CI = 0.9–1.1, p = 0.407). Sex and operation site were however significantly associated with LOS (p = 0.006 and <0.001).

Conclusion:

Recovery following RARC was independent of socioeconomic status when comparing two hospitals with diverse catchment areas in the UK.
Conceptualizing Location Efficiency: A Narrative Review and Scale-Based Consolidated Definition
Authors: Borth Kurt , Summers Robert , Collins Damian
Published: June 2022

The concept of location efficiency is used in academic and gray literature relating to urban form, household location, and associated transportation costs. This paper analyzes the history of this usage of location efficiency and how it evolved into divergent constructs; it then defines three concepts distinguished by scale—household, neighborhood, and municipal location efficiency. These related yet distinct concepts provide clarity use of the term in existing literature and provide a conceptual framework for those looking to employ the concept of location efficiency at every level of research and analysis in academia, applied planning, and municipal policy.
Responding to Teenagers’ Emotional Meltdowns: How Outward Bound Instructors Facilitate Development of Anxiety Management Skills
Authors: Larson Reed W. , Orson Carolyn N. , McGovern Gina
Published: June 2022

Rates of intense anxiety among teenagers have risen dramatically, a major concern. Outward Bound (OB), a wilderness expedition program that promotes learning through challenge experiences, is found to help youth decrease anxiety. To understand how program staff support this learning, we asked 30 OB instructors to describe their successful work with a youth following an intense anxiety episode (a “meltdown”). Using grounded theory analyses we identified eight practices OB instructors employed that facilitated the youth’s emotional learning. Examples include: helping them open up to examine their emotions, providing tools for detecting and regulating rising anxiety, and instructor-youth co-planning to manage upcoming anxiety-inducing situations. The analyses also revealed the intentionality in each practice: when it was used, its goals, strategies employed, and how each facilitated youth’s active emotional learning. Youth’s learning processes across practices evolved from being instructor-initiated to youth-driven. The skills youth learned progressed from understanding emotions, to controlling imminent anxiety, to controlling anxiety about future situations, to taking responsibility for the impact of their emotions on others. These OB practices, we suggest, can be flexibly adapted to other youth development settings to help teens build competencies to manage anxiety, including when taking on new demanding challenges.
Social Expectations for Charitable Giving in China
Authors: Nie Lin , Chan Kwan Nok , Lam Wai-Fung
Published: June 2022

The rapid rise of philanthropy in China has motivated extensive research on why people make charitable donations as a personal decision, but few studies have explored the social dimension of these decisions. We propose that the legacy of government welfare provision and the culture of trust have led Chinese citizens to form different expectations for others in philanthropic situations. Our survey results point to some interesting asymmetries: Generalized trust and institutional trust toward local governments inflate people’s expectation for philanthropic contributions from others, whereas particularized trust and trust toward the central government reduce it. Also, Chinese citizens expect government employees to make larger contributions, but they don’t expect charities with government backing to receive correspondingly larger donations. We conclude with some observations on how the unique pattern of social expectation may shape the future of Chinese philanthropy.
The Worth of Their Work: The (In)visible Value of Refugee Volunteers in the Transnational Humanitarian Aid Sector
Authors: Ward Patricia
Published: June 2022

Scholarship on invisible work highlights how volunteers’ labour is devalued and obfuscated because it is framed as something ‘noneconomic’. This article shows how volunteers’ labour is invisible and noneconomic when it is reframed as aid. Drawing upon a case of refugee volunteers in Jordan’s humanitarian aid sector highlights how framing work as aid transforms their labour into objects they ‘receive’ and ‘consume’ as benefits because ‘work’ is understood as something they lack or need. Volunteers are therefore both workers and beneficiaries in relation to aid organisations. This ambiguous positioning distinguishes them and what they do in the workplace from ‘work’. This case elaborates understandings of processes that delineate volunteer labour as invisible work in practice, and provides a starting point for further discussion on the relationship between invisible and insecure work. It also expands empirical knowledge on volunteering and invisible work within the Global South.
Emotional Pasts in Swedish Rescue Services: Bringing Temporality to the Fore in the Field of Emotional Regimes
Authors: Krekula Clary , Karlsson Stefan
Published: June 2022

This article centres on emotions within the Swedish rescue services in terms of the concepts of emotional regime and emotional pasts, partly with a focus on the role of emotional pasts in emotional regimes, partly on how the (re)construction of emotional pasts relates to the organisation of the workplace. The empirical material consists of qualitative interviews with five female and 13 male firefighters in Sweden, aged 28–58. Results show that individual experiences are used as emotional pasts to define work situations in the present and that work teams, through informal conversations and formal debriefing, create stories out of central events, thus constructing shared emotional pasts. All in all, the analysis shows that temporalities and their narrative expressions are a vital part of how emotional regimes are sustained within the rescue services, which has implications for the understanding of the rescue services as an organisation.
Effect of surface stretching on convective instabilities of Kármán flow of non-Newtonian Carreau fluid
Authors: Mukherjee Dip , Sahoo Bikash
Published: June 2022

Linear convective instability analysis of non-Newtonian fluids has immense practical applications in the field of aerodynamics and engineering mechanics. The paper deals with linear convective instability analysis of laminar Kármán swirling flow of a non-Newtonian Carreau fluid over a radially stretchable rotating disk of infinite radius when the Coriolis force is significant in the boundary layer. In this paper, the velocity profiles for both shear-thinning and shear-thickening fluids the above-mentioned flow of Carreau model have been determined under stretch boundary condition. By using the Chebyshev collocation method, a study of convective instability has been carried out in order to perform a stability analysis of the flow and determine the neutral stability curves. The stability curves reveal that the bottom disk’s surface stretching has a globally stabilizing effect on the fluid exhibiting shear-thinning flow behaviour and a globally destabilizing effect on shear-thickening flow behaviour. To verify the above physical facts, the flow has been subjected to an energy analysis at the same time.
Robust stabilization for an autonomous underwater vehicle motion based on descriptor time-delay model
Authors: Hedayati Khodayari Mohammad , Pariz Naser , Balochian Saeed
Published: June 2022

This article introduces a new technique for stabilizing autonomous underwater vehicles in the descriptor model. Autonomous underwater vehicle stabilization is limited by several constraints, including time-variable uncertainty, time delay, and disturbances. The interaction of descriptor system requirements and the issues mentioned above adds complexities. This study outlines the delay-dependent [Formula: see text] robust stability achieved through memory-less and memory state feedback. Furthermore, a less conservative sufficient condition is obtained for admissibility using a new delay-dependent linear matrices inequality. Autonomous underwater vehicle is regular, impulse-free, and stable under all permissible conditions and satisfies prescribed [Formula: see text] performance conditions via a Lyapunov functional approach. The method applies to neutral and retarded dynamics with discrete and distributed time delays.
Soft tissue sarcomas in 2 zoo-housed Alaskan moose
Authors: Walker Bridget , Eustace Ronan , Junge Randall E. , Hsu Tu Chun , Watson Victoria
Published: June 2022

Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are common well-described cutaneous neoplasms in many domestic species. Few cutaneous neoplasms have been reported in cervids, other than papilloma virus–induced benign cutaneous fibromas (BCFs). Two wild-caught Alaskan moose ( Alces alces), housed at different North American zoos, were both presented with lameness and a mass. The gross appearance of each mass varied greatly; case 1 had a distinct, exophytic, ulcerated mass near the right carpal joint similar in appearance to a BCF, and case 2 had a pronounced swelling over the left hip. Based on histologic evaluation, both masses were diagnosed as STS. The clinical presentation of these masses included rapid growth and associated lameness; however, gross appearance was markedly different. Histopathology revealed characteristics typical of STS in other species, including spindle-shaped cells arranged in streaming sheets with ovoid nuclei. STS should be included as a differential diagnosis for moose with a cutaneous or subcutaneous soft tissue mass or swelling.
Combined effects of cryogenic temperature and strain rates on compressive behavior of concrete
Authors: Jin Liu , Liu Kaixin , Zhang Renbo , Yu Wenxuan , Du Xiuli , Deng Xiaofang
Published: June 2022

Concrete structures in extremely cryogenic environments may be subject to dynamic loadings as a result of occasional accidents or terrorist attacks during the service life. Considering the cryogenic temperature effect and strain rate effect of each phase for concrete, a meso-scale numerical model of the concrete subjected to cryogenic temperature and dynamic loadings was presented in this study, which serves as a preliminary foundation for calculating and evaluating the performances of concrete structures at cryogenic temperature. Taking concrete cube as an example, the dynamic compressive behavior and strain rate effect of concrete specimens at cryogenic temperature from 20 °C to –160 °C were modelled and investigated. The numerical results indicate that the failure appearances and compressive strength are highly related to the cryogenic temperature and dynamic loadings. The compressive strength at cryogenic temperature is greater than that at ambient temperature, and the sensitivity of dynamic compressive strength to strain rate is enhanced at cryogenic temperature. Moreover, the absorbed energy and dynamic elastic modulus tend to increase with the decrease of temperature and increase of strain rate. According to the numerical results, an empirical formula on dynamic increase factor of compressive strength at cryogenic temperatures (CDIF T) was established.
PD-1/L1 With or Without CTLA-4 Inhibitors Versus Chemotherapy in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Guo Luyong , Liang Jiali , Dai Wei , Li Jiayu , Si Yuexiu , Ren Wei , Lu Yan , Chen Danqi
Published: June 2022

Background

With the use of immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), whether ICIs or chemotherapy is more effective still remains controversial. This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), cytotoxic T-lymphocyte protein 4 (CTLA-4) alone or in their combination vs chemotherapy in patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC.

Methods

This meta-analysis was conducted from PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library up to March 2021 to identify relevant randomized controlled trials. Primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoint was adverse events (AEs). This meta-analysis’s Prospero registration number is CRD42022323570.

Results

The search process has identified 13 studies containing 7918 patients with advanced or metastatic NSCLC. The benefit of PD-1/L1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors alone or in combination compared with chemotherapy for advanced or metastatic NSCLC was elucidated in both OS [HR = .75, 95% CI (.70-.80), P < .001] and PFS [HR = .83, 95% CI (.73-.95), P < .001]. Besides, ICIs were associated with fewer AEs compared to chemotherapy.

Conclusion

PD-1/L1 or CTLA-4 inhibitors alone or in combination, with fewer AEs, was associated with significant improvements in terms of OS and PFS than chemotherapy in advanced or metastatic NSCLC.
Theory-Practicing in Critical Times: Viv Bozalek in Conversation With Kathrin Thiele, Deirdre M. Donoghue, and Pınar Türer
Authors: Thiele Kathrin , Donoghue Deirdre M. , Türer Pınar
Published: June 2022

This article is derived from a webinar series conversation titled, “Post Philosophies and the Doing of Inquiry,” co-hosted by Candace R. Kuby and Viv Bozalek. The webinar sessions ran from August 2020 to September 2021. This webinar series was made possible by a research collaborative partnership between the University of Missouri System in the United States and the University of the Western Cape (or UWC) in Cape Town, South Africa. The session with Kathrin Thiele took place in April 2021 and the following article is the transcribed conversation with Kathrin Thiele, also including contributions by Deirdre Donoghue and Pınar Türer.
Decolonizing the Literature Review: A Relational Approach
Authors: Tynan Lauren , Bishop Michelle
Published: June 2022

As two (ab)Original women, we consider how a relational approach to the literature review can reflect our broader Indigenous and decolonizing research methodologies. In our research training, we have been exposed to dominant literature review models that advocate for researchers to “identify the gaps” and “occupy a territory,” a process (and vernacular) that feels at odds with Indigenous, relational, and decolonizing principles. We intend to apply the teachings we have learned from Indigenous scholars to the literature review process by proposing a reframing of the literature review, to one that is relational.
A novel reduced model for a linearized anisotropic rod with doubly symmetric a cross-section: I. Theory
Authors: Pruchnicki Erick , Chen Xiaoyi , Dai Hui-Hui
Published: June 2022

A novel reduced model is constructed for a linearized anisotropic rod with doubly symmetric cross-section. The derivation starts from the Taylor expansion of the displacement vector and the stress tensor. The goal is to establish rod equations for the leading order displacement and the twist angle of the mean line of the rod in an asymptotically consistent way. Fifteen vector differential equations are derived from the 3D (three-dimensional) governing system, and elaborate manipulations between these equations (including the Fourier series expansion of the lateral traction condition) lead to four scalar rod equations: two bending equations, one twisting equation, and one stretching equation. Also, recursive relations are established between the higher order coefficients and the lower order ones, which eliminate most of the unknowns. Six boundary conditions at each edge are obtained from the 3D virtual work principle, and 1D (one-dimensional) virtual work principle is also developed. The rod model has three features: it adopts no ad hoc assumptions for the displacement form and the scalings of the external loadings; it incorporates the bending, twisting, and stretching effects in one uniform framework; and it satisfies the 3D governing system in a point-wise manner.
The pull-in instability and eigenfrequency variations of a graphene resonator under electrostatic loading
Authors: Zhang Yin , Zhao Ya-pu
Published: June 2022

A continuum membrane model is presented to describe the pull-in instability and eigenfrequency variations of a graphene resonator under an electrostatic loading. The pull-in instability leads to the device failure and the eigenfrequency variation determines its frequency tuning range, which are among the most important aspects in a micro/nanomechanical resonator design. The von Kármán kinematic assumptions are used for the membrane large deflection. The geometric nonlinearity resulting from a large deflection and the physical nonlinearity resulting from an electrostatic loading are the two competing mechanisms: the geometric nonlinearity stiffens the membrane structure and the physical nonlinearity softens it. The effects of these two competing mechanisms together with the initial tensile strain on the pull-in instability and eigenfrequency variations are vividly demonstrated. With the aim of achieving a higher accuracy, a multimodal computation method together with its convergence study and error analysis is also presented.
Regulatory Experience Assessing the Carcinogenic Potential of a Monoclonal Antibody Inhibiting PCSK9, Bococizumab, Including a 2-Year Carcinogenicity Study in Rats
Authors: Buetow Bernard S. , Cappon Gregg D , Aschenbrenner Laura M. , Updyke Lawrence , Torti Vince R. , Evans Mark , Dalton Shana R. , Bailey Steven , Bowman Christopher J.
Published: June 2022

Bococizumab is an anti-PCSK9 monoclonal antibody that was intended for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. After reviewing the 6-month rat toxicity study data, in which there was a low spontaneous tumor incidence, unrelated to bococizumab administration, the U.S. FDA granted a carcinogenicity waiver request based on a weight-of-evidence assessment of low carcinogenic risk. Subsequently, after reviewing 6-month rat toxicity study data from another anti-PCSK9 antibody, RN317, with a similar low tumor incidence (unrelated to RN317), the U.S. FDA rescinded the bococizumab carcinogenicity study waiver and requested a full 2-year rat carcinogenicity study be conducted. The resulting 2-year carcinogenicity study demonstrated no bococizumab-related increase in tumors, confirming the weight-of-evidence evaluation and alleviating concerns regarding the carcinogenic potential. Here we report the scientific and regulatory background that led to the request for a rat carcinogenicity study, the feedback on the design of the carcinogenicity study, and the results from this study which affirmed the original weight-of-evidence assessment of low carcinogenic risk.
Upper eyelid reconstruction using an advancement tarso-conjunctival flap
Authors: Awad Mary , Wilde Craig , Albanese Giorgio , Abercrombie Lorraine
Published: June 2022

Purpose and context

Upper eyelid reconstruction is particularly complex due to its functional and aesthetic importance. We aim to assess the outcomes/ complications of patients who undergo upper eyelid reconstruction of the posterior lamellae with an advancing tarsonconjunctival flap from the same affected eyelid, following excision of a periocular malignancy by Mohs Micrographic Surgery.

Method

A retrospective consecutive case note review of all eight patients who underwent the procedure between May 2016 and Jan 2021 were included. Patient demographics and factors influencing outcomes (smoking status, use of blood thinners, past medical/ drug history, size/location of the defect), follow up duration and complications were recorded.

Key results

Minor post-operative complications included an eyelid notch and retraction. There was one patient with lagophthalmos, but no exposure keratopathy. Two patients had misdirected lashes, one requiring electrolysis. Both monocular patients, who required the procedure in their only seeing eye, and were unable to tolerate a compressive dressing, had wound dehiscence. One patient was on steroids and the other on warfarin and a diabetic. No vision loss ensued and no-one underwent surgical revision. Follow up ranged from 4–52 months.

Conclusions

An advancing tarso-conjunctival flap is an expedient single-stage reconstructive technique that can be used to reform up to two- thirds of the posterior lamellae in full thickness upper eyelid defects involving the lid margin. Complications are minor. It is of particular benefit in patients where occlusion of the visual axis is unacceptable, although the risk of wound dehiscence is high. This technique forms a valuable part of the systematic reconstructive algorithm.
Active-fluidics versus gravity-fluidics in lens extraction: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Su Yu-Chen , Lee Yen-Yin , Su Yu-Chi
Published: June 2022

Objective

To investigate differences in outcomes between active-fluidics and gravity-fluidics phacoemulsification systems.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published no later than December 1, 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool was used for quality assessment. We presented the outcomes as standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analysis was performed by removing studies that included ≥2 types of phacoemulsification tips.

Results

We analyzed six RCTs that totally enrolled 884 patients. Patients undergoing lens extraction with active-fluidics systems exhibited lower cumulative dissipated energy (CDE), total aspiration time (TAT), and estimated fluid usage (EFU) compared with patients who did not (SMD [95% CI]: CDE, − 0.818 [ − 1.054 to − 0.582]; TAT, − 0.664 [ − 0.850 to − 0.479]; EFU, − 0.655 [ − 0.932 to − 0.378]). A sensitivity analysis revealed similar results for CDE, TAT, and EFU. For endothelial cell density (ECD) 1 week after surgery, ECD 1 month after surgery, and central corneal thickness (CCT) 1 week after surgery, outcomes of both systems were comparable (ECD at 1 week, 0.074 [ − 0.177 to 0.325]; ECD at 1 month, 0.069 [ − 0.167 to 0.305]; CCT 1 week after surgery, 0.077 [ − 0.173 to 0.328]). No severe adverse events in patients treated with either system were reported in the studies.

Conclusion

Active-fluidics systems are superior to gravity-fluidics systems with respect to CDE, TAT, and EFU; no differences in postoperative ECD and CCT were observed. Future studies are required to determine the reasons for heterogeneity and to detect rare adverse events.
The periacetabular osteotomy: angulation of the supraacetabular osteotomy for quantification of correction
Authors: Hoch Armando , Grossenbacher Geraldine , Jungwirth-Weinberger Anna , Götschi Tobias , Fürnstahl Philipp , Zingg Patrick O
Published: June 2022

Background:

Malcorrection of the acetabular fragment in periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) is associated with inferior outcomes. 2-dimensional radiographic parameters are being used for intraoperative verification of a satisfactory result. After reorientation of the fragment, the acetabular version must be verified with an intraoperative radiograph. In the case of an unsatisfactory correction, a reorientation would be required. A slim and radiation-free intraoperative navigation method to directly quantify the correction is highly desirable.

Aim:

To find out whether the measurable angulation of the supraacetabular osteotomy can be used for this purpose.

Methods:

To determine the angulation, 13 consecutive patients who underwent a PAO were investigated. The preoperative and postoperative standard radiographs as well as CT scans were available. The surgically produced alteration of radiographic parameters was correlated to tilting and spreading of the supraacetabular osteotomy planes.

Results:

Tilting of the supraacetabular osteotomy planes correlates strongly to alteration of the lateral centre-edge angle (LCEA) and the acetabular index (ACI), whereas spreading of the same planes showed also a strong correlation, but to the LCEA only. 1° of tilting resulted in a 0.2° alteration of the LCEA and a 0.5° alteration of the ACI, whereas 1° of spreading resulted in a 0.5° alteration of the LCEA.

Conclusions:

This study shows that the measurable angulation of the supraacetabular osteotomy planes can be used to monitor the three-dimensional reorientation of the acetabular fragment in PAO. As long as sophisticated modalities are lacking, this technique offers an easy way to intraoperatively navigate the correction in PAO.
Reciprocity in field work: collaborating with the Adivasi Koya of Kamaram, Telangana, India
Authors: Yifu Elvin Xing , Kumar Arun Mypathi
Published: June 2022

Indigenous communities in India, or Adivasis, have always been the object of anthropological research. However, knowledge production on Adivasi communities has created a civilizing discourse that has contributed to their marginalization. In following the need to reject anthropology’s savage, primitive, and native slot, we present a case study of a research project on Indigenous knowledge of the Koya peoples, an Adivasi community in India. We argue that this project is an expression of the agency of the Adivasis and constitutes a form of generative refusal, where new insights and possibilities are generated. Next, we reflect on how fieldwork with Indigenous communities is not merely extractive but can create a collaborative and reciprocal endeavour. Finally, we discuss the methodological aspects of co-producing scholarship on Adivasi communities and its implications.
Comparison of MLP and RBF neural networks for bearing remaining useful life prediction based on acoustic emission
Authors: Motahari-Nezhad Mohsen , Jafari Seyed Mohammad
Published: June 2022

In this research, the efficiency of multilayer perceptron (MLP) and radial basis function (RBF) neural networks in estimating the remaining useful life (RUL) of angular contact ball bearing based on acoustic emission signals are investigated. To capture the bearing acoustic emission signals, an appropriate laboratory setup is used. Acoustic emission signal processing is carried out in the time and frequency domain and 102 different features are extracted. Prognostic feature selection have been used to reduce the dimension of the extracted features. Applications of the different training algorithms in MLP neural network are compared for bearing RUL prediction. The results indicate that acoustic emission is a good method for bearing RUL prediction. Mobility, Square-mean-root, and Count are the best time domain features based on the used feature selection method. Also, the Frequency center, Signal power, and F60 are the best frequency domain features. It was shown that between different backpropagation training algorithms for MLP neural net, Levenberg Marquardt has the lowest SSE error of 7.86 for the prediction of bearing remaining useful life based on frequency domain features. Moreover, comparison of RBF and MLP neural networks shows that RBF neural networks presents the best performance with SSE error of 2.85.
Acoustical simulation of pneumatic mufflers hybridized with metal sintered bronze porous material, a spiral tube, and expansion cones
Authors: Chiu Min-Chie , Chang Ying-Chun
Published: June 2022

This paper aims to eliminate the pneumatic noise using a muffler hybridized with a metal sintered bronzed porous material, a spiral tube, and expansion cones. In this paper three kinds of mufflers (Muffler A: with part AA (a bronze-made sintered porous inlet); Muffler B: with part BB (a casing with a spiral tube and expansion cones); and Muffler C: part AA (a bronze-made sintered porous inlet) + part BB (a casing with a spiral tube and expansion cones)) have been introduced. A finite element method run on the COMSOL software will be adopted in the acoustical analysis of the mufflers. The influence of TL with respect to two kinds of design parameters (QQ: the number of expansion cone; σ1: the acoustical flowing impedance of the acoustical wool) has been assessed. Simulated results reveal that the muffler C with acoustical components of AA and BB is superior to the other two mufflers. Moreover, the design parameters of QQ and σ1 have essential acoustical influence to the muffler C.
Assessing depressive symptoms and diabetes distress in Type 1 diabetic adults: A comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) and multiple daily injections (MDI) users
Authors: Dowling Ella , Maidment David W
Published: June 2022

This cross-sectional observational study assesses differences in depressive symptoms and diabetes-distress between adults with type 1 diabetes using continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) or multiple daily injections (MDI) insulin delivery methods. Two-hundred and seventy-one adults with type 1 diabetes were recruited who used CSII ( n = 104) or MDI ( n = 167). Results show that, compared to CSII users, scores on the Severity Measure for Depression – Adult questionnaire and Management and Physician subscales on the Type 1 Diabetes Distress Scale were significantly greater in users of MDI. Thus, MDI users may require greater targetted support to improve these aspects of psychological wellbeing.
Youth Shifting Identities, Moving Aspirations, Changing Social Norms, and Positive Uncertainty in Ethiopia and Nepal
Authors: Johnson Vicky , West Andy
Published: June 2022

This article explores uncertainty and aspiration in the everyday lives of marginalised youth in fragile and conflict-affected areas of Ethiopia and Nepal. The concept referred to as ‘positive uncertainty’ was developed through analysis of 300 qualitative case-study interviews with marginalised young people (15–25 years) across rural and urban research sites as part of the Youth Uncertainty Rights (YOUR) World Research (2016–2019). Six exemplary cases illustrate youth creativity in the face of uncertainty. Drawing on Bauman’s theories of community, insecurity, and liquid modernity, the research investigated how youth lived with uncertainty in domains of their everyday lives: how youth felt about their relationships with peers and families and how these relationships were influenced by highly gendered social norms and intersecting aspects of marginalisation in communities. Analysis revealed that youth demonstrate creativity as they navigate uncertainty, negotiate intergenerational power dynamics, and shift their aspirations as they strive to meet adult expectations in contexts of growing unemployment, environmental fragility, and political change across both countries. The analysis of marginalised youth responses to uncertainty, relationships, and norms in fragile environments presented goes beyond the application of Bauman’s theories to identify ‘positive uncertainty’ and further extends understandings of the role of uncertainty in navigating intergenerational relationships.
Textual thinking as evidenced through think-alouds: Designing meanings in interpreting authentic L2 web texts
Authors: Michelson Kristen , Lee James F. , Abdennebi Mourad
Published: June 2022

Recent scholarship in multiliteracies-oriented pedagogies has advocated for greater attention to fostering ‘textual thinking’, understood as forms of literacy that consider the complexities of semiotic choices made by authors, and their underlying meanings, rhetorical purposes, and cultural contexts. This kind of engagement with texts calls upon readers to focus on form–meaning connections, and shifts the focus of reading purposes, toward reading as a form of participation in everyday literacy practices, and reading as a way of thinking critically about representation and communication. This article presents findings from an empirical study investigating the reading processes of second language (L2) French learners while interpreting an authentic multimodal web text, guided by tasks informed by multiliteracies. A prompted think-aloud methodology was used to capture learners’ dynamic meaning-making processes. Drawn from a larger group of participants ( n = 9), the current article reports on three unique cases, documenting their engagement with different semiotic modes and their evolving interpretations. The participants performed three phases of reading tasks: skimming for predictions about topic and authorship, scanning for specific details, and tracking webs of text signals. Participants saw the question prompts prior to each task phase, and again at the end of the phase, with multiple choice response options. Findings demonstrate participants’ unique sets of interpretations and processes in terms of the way they drew differently upon various domains of background knowledge, genre knowledge, and reading strategies; the way they attended to various linguistic and non-linguistic modes; and the way the tasks guided their reading. The article concludes by suggesting several concrete instructional practices for L2 literacy development, including tasks that are adaptable for a range of languages.
Psychiatric disorders, diagnosed in psychiatric clinics, in patients with back pain: A cohort study
Authors: Iachina Maria , Ljungdalh Pernille , Nørgård Bente Mertz , Garvik Olav , Stenager Elsebeth , Schiøttz-Christensen Berit
Published: June 2022

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether patients with a non-specific back pain disorder are more likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder than patients with a specific back pain disorder (such as a herniated disc or inflammatory back disorder). Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study using Danish registries. Results: Our study population included 24,518 patients younger than 61 years and 12,274 patients older than 61 years. In both subpopulations, 60% had a non-specific back pain diagnosis (BPD). In the younger subpopulation, 2.1% of the patients with a non-specific BPD and 1.3% of the patients with a specific BPD had a psychiatric diagnosis within one year of their BPD. In the older subpopulation, 0.6% of patients had a psychiatric diagnosis in both BPD groups. The most frequent psychiatric diagnoses were stress-related disorders. In the younger subpopulation, patients with non-specific back pain had a higher risk of being diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder than patients with specific back pain (adjusted odds ratio 1.56, 95% confidence interval 1.25–1.94). The type of BPD had no effect on the risk of having a psychiatric diagnosis among older patients. Conclusions: Patients with a non-specific back pain disorder younger than 61 years were more likely to be diagnosed with a psychiatric disorder than patients with a specific back pain disorder. We recommend that spine specialists pay special attention to patients younger than 61 years with a back pain disorder to prevent them from developing a psychiatric disorder.
“We Don’t Aspire to Be Netflix”: Understanding Content Acquisition Practices Among Niche Streaming Services
Authors: Wayne Michael L. , Sienkiewicz Matt
Published: June 2022

Using the media industry studies approach, this article examines the acquisition strategies and licensing practices employed by three recently launched niche Jewish/Israeli subscription video on-demand (SVOD) services. Drawing on qualitative interviews with executives and publicly available materials, this analysis argues that these services acquire film and television titles through a combination of traditional and innovative licensing arrangements intended to maximize access to Jewish-themed or Israeli-produced content unwanted by better funded platforms. The findings reveal the ways in which access to specific kinds of content is dependent on executives’ ability to leverage preexisting industry-specific professional relationships as they attempt to maximize the value created from limited economic resources. As such, this article offers insights by contextualizing licensing practices being employed by niche SVODs across film and television industries while also highlighting the limitations of using the mainstream/niche binary to understand streaming distribution.
Radiographic and clinical outcomes with particle or liquid embolic agents for middle meningeal artery embolization of nonacute subdural hematomas
Authors: Scoville Jonathan P. , Joyce Evan , A. Tonetti Daniel , Bounajem Michael T. , Thomas Ajith , Ogilvy Christopher S. , Moore Justin M. , Riina Howard A. , Tanweer Omar , Levy Elad I. , Spiotta Alejandro M. , Gross Bradley A. , Jankowitz Brian T. , Cawley C. Michael , Khalessi Alexander A. , Pandey Aditya S. , Ringer Andrew J. , Hanel Ricardo , Ortiz Rafael A. , Langer David , Levitt Michael R. , Binning Mandy , Taussky Philipp , Kan Peter , Grandhi Ramesh
Published: June 2022

Background

Middle meningeal artery (MMA) embolization is an apparently efficacious minimally invasive treatment for nonacute subdural hematomas (NASHs), but how different embolisates affect outcomes remains unclear. Our objective was to compare radiographic and clinical outcomes after particle or liquid MMA embolization.

Methods

Patients who had MMA embolization for NASH were retrospectively identified from a multi-institution database. The primary radiographic and clinical outcomes—50% NASH thickness reduction and need for surgical retreatment within 90 days, respectively—were compared for liquid and particle embolizations in patients treated 1) without surgical intervention (upfront), 2) after recurrence, or 3) with concomitant surgery (prophylactic).

Results

The upfront, recurrent, and prophylactic subgroups included 133, 59, and 16 patients, respectively. The primary radiographic outcome was observed in 61.8%, 61%, and 72.7% of particle-embolized patients and 61.3%, 55.6%, and 20% of liquid-embolized patients, respectively (p = 0.457, 0.819, 0.755). Hazard ratios comparing time to reach radiographic outcome in the particle and liquid groups or upfront, recurrent, andprophylactic timing were 1.31 (95% CI 0.78–2.18; p = 0.310), 1.09 (95% CI 0.52–2.27; p = 0.822), and 1.5 (95% CI 0.14–16.54; p = 0.74), respectively. The primary clinical outcome occurred in 8.0%, 2.4%, and 0% of patients who underwent particle embolization in the upfront, recurrent, and prophylactic groups, respectively, compared with 0%, 5.6%, and 0% who underwent liquid embolization (p = 0.197, 0.521, 1.00).

Conclusions

MMA embolization with particle and liquid embolisates appears to be equally effective in treatment of NASHs as determined by the percentage who reach, and the time to reach, 50% NASH thickness reduction and the incidence of surgical reintervention within 90 days.