bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial distribution of new firms and firm‐level innovation: Evidence from Turkey
Authors: Can Karahasan Burhan
Published: May 2023

This paper examines the spatial distribution of new firms and tests the impact of new firms' agglomeration on firm‐level innovation. Our findings from a spatially unequal economy, Turkey, show that firms that are located in regions hosting more new firms have a higher propensity to be innovative. Moreover, we found that firms located in regions that are spatially connected to others with higher new firm formation are also more innovative. However, impact of local and spatial externalities created by agglomeration effects are conditional on the development level of regions.
Three‐dimensional stationary supersonic flows with axial symmetry in relativistic hydrodynamics
Authors: Lai Geng
Published: May 2023

The study of supersonic flows in relativistic hydrodynamics (RHDs) is of some interest for cosmology. This paper studies two types of three‐dimensional (3D) stationary supersonic flows with axial symmetry in RHDs: supersonic flows expanding in vacuum and supersonic flows against an infinite curved cone. To study supersonic flows expanding in vacuum, we consider a Cauchy problem for the 3D steady RHD equations with initial data that are a combination of an axisymmetric supersonic flow in a circular domain and vacuum in the remaining domain. Global existence of a piecewise smooth solution expanding in vacuum to the Cauchy problem is obtained, provided that the initial mass‐energy density is sufficiently small. When a supersonic flow arrives and hits a curved cone, a shock wave will arise around the cone. Moreover, if the vertex angle of the cone is less than a critical angle, then the shock will be attached to the vertex of the cone. We obtain the global existence of attached conical shock waves, provided that the curved cone satisfies some suitable conditions and the speed of the incoming flow is close to a limit speed.
Examining the Knowledge and Training of Secondary School Physical Educators Providing Strength and Conditioning Programming
Authors: Kern Ben D. , Bellar David , Wilson Wesley J.
Published: May 2023

Purpose: The purpose was to examine secondary physical education teachers’ strength and conditioning (SC) knowledge and evaluate associations between SC teaching role, professional preparation, and development. Method: A knowledge survey was developed/validated and distributed to 2,189 middle/high school teachers, with 605 providing complete data. Results: Seventy-five percent of participants reported serving an SC-related teaching role, and mean SC knowledge was 6.77 correct out of 15 (45%). Participants with SC certification, who taught an SC unit/course, who supervised an SC sport program, and who taught in high school performed significantly better. Physical education teacher education preparation, including exercise physiology and weightlifting activity courses, was a significant predictor of SC knowledge. Professional development, such as SC online coursework, meeting with SC professionals, and reading SC publications, was also a significant predictor. Conclusion: To support physical education teachers’ SC knowledge, physical education teacher education programs should include SC-related course offerings, and school administrators should consider offering professional development to physical education teachers who serve in SC roles.
Efficient cancer modeling through CRISPR-Cas9/HDR-based somatic precision gene editing in mice
Authors: Bu Wen , Creighton Chad J. , Heavener Kelsey S. , Gutierrez Carolina , Dou Yongchao , Ku Amy T. , Zhang Yiqun , Jiang Weiyu , Urrutia Jazmin , Jiang Wen , Yue Fei , Jia Luyu , Ibrahim Ahmed Atef , Zhang Bing , Huang Shixia , Li Yi
Published: May 2023

CRISPR-Cas9 has been used successfully to introduce indels in somatic cells of rodents; however, precise editing of single nucleotides has been hampered by limitations of flexibility and efficiency. Here, we report technological modifications to the CRISPR-Cas9 vector system that now allows homology-directed repair–mediated precise editing of any proto-oncogene in murine somatic tissues to generate tumor models with high flexibility and efficiency. Somatic editing of either
Kras
or
Pik3ca
in both normal and hyperplastic mammary glands led to swift tumorigenesis. The resulting tumors shared some histological, transcriptome, and proteome features with tumors induced by lentivirus-mediated expression of the respective oncogenes, but they also exhibited some distinct characteristics, particularly showing less intertumor variation, thus potentially offering more consistent models for cancer studies and therapeutic development. Therefore, this technological advance fills a critical gap between the power of CRISPR technology and high-fidelity mouse models for studying human tumor evolution and preclinical drug testing.
TREM2 inhibition triggers antitumor cell activity of myeloid cells in glioblastoma
Authors: Sun Rui , Han Rowland , McCornack Colin , Khan Saad , Tabor G. Travis , Chen Yun , Hou Jinchao , Jiang Haowu , Schoch Kathleen M. , Mao Diane D. , Cleary Ryan , Yang Alicia , Liu Qin , Luo Jingqin , Petti Allegra , Miller Timothy M. , Ulrich Jason D. , Holtzman David M. , Kim Albert H.
Published: May 2023

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) plays important roles in brain microglial function in neurodegenerative diseases, but the role of TREM2 in the GBM TME has not been examined. Here, we found that TREM2 is highly expressed in myeloid subsets, including macrophages and microglia in human and mouse GBM tumors and that high TREM2 expression correlates with poor prognosis in patients with GBM. TREM2 loss of function in human macrophages and mouse myeloid cells increased interferon-γ–induced immunoactivation, proinflammatory polarization, and tumoricidal capacity. In orthotopic mouse GBM models, mice with chronic and acute Trem2 loss of function exhibited decreased tumor growth and increased survival. Trem2 inhibition reprogrammed myeloid phenotypes and increased programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1)
+
CD8
+
T cells in the TME. Last, Trem2 deficiency enhanced the effectiveness of anti–PD-1 treatment, which may represent a therapeutic strategy for patients with GBM.
Imperfect bodies sink imperfectly when settling in granular matter
Authors: Espinosa Marcos , Martínez-Ortíz Lázaro , Alonso-Llanes Laciel , Rodríguez-de-Torner Luis A. , Chávez-Linares Orestes , Altshuler Ernesto
Published: May 2023

From Mars rovers to buildings, objects eventually sink and tilt into a fluidized granular bed due to gravity. Despite the irregular shape of realistic granular intruders, most research focus on the settling of “perfect” objects like spheres and cylinders. Here, we systematically explore the penetration of “imperfect” solids—from stones to bodies with carefully controlled asymmetries—into granular beds. A cylinder with two halves of different roughnesses rotates toward the granular region next to the smoother surface and deviates from the vertical direction. We demonstrate that even small irregularities in the surface of an object may produce substantial changes in the penetration process. Using computer simulations, we show that defects concentrate granular force chains, thus producing decisive forces on the intruder. Furthermore, we demonstrate that tilting and migration of sinking bodies can be correctly predicted by a simple mechanical model based on a unified force law.
Geochronology, petrogenesis, and magmatic oxidation state of the Mangling intrusive complex, Northern Qinling Belt, Central China: Implications for magma fertility and tectonic setting
Authors: Zhao Liandang , Zheng Xiaotong , Jiao Jiangang , Han Feng , Zhou Bin , Fan Peng , Jia Li , Ma Yunfei
Published: May 2023

The Mangling intrusive complex has different dioritic to granitic phases and is spatially and temporally related to molybdenum deposits in the Qinling Orogen. Zircon U-Pb dating of the Mangling intrusive complex indicates that dioritic rocks (biotite diorite and biotite diorite enclave; ca. 150−147 Ma) formed earlier than granitic rocks (medium- to fine-grained and fine-grained monzogranite and K-feldspar granite; ca. 145−141 Ma). The Mangling dioritic rocks exhibit large ion lithosphere element (e.g., Rb) and light rare earth element enrichment and high field strength element (e.g., Nb, Ta, and Ti) depletion. They have low to moderate SiO2 (51.33−58.16 wt%), high MgO (3.10−4.75 wt%) and Mg# (48−60), and negative zircon εHf(t) values (−11.6 to −6.8), suggesting origination from the continental lithospheric mantle that may have been metasomatized by previous sediment-derived melts and slab-derived fluids constrained by high Nb/Y, Th/Yb, and Rb/Y ratios. The Mangling granitic rocks are I-type granites and have high SiO2 (67.90−81.88 wt%) and low MgO (0.16−0.74 wt%). They have low and negative zircon εHf(t) values (−18.7 to −1.9) and old zircon Hf two-stage model ages (2334−1287 Ma), as well as similar mineral fractionation (e.g., hornblende, biotite, sphene, and apatite) with the Mangling dioritic rocks, indicating that they were derived from the remelting of old crustal rocks (e.g., Xiong’er and Kuanping groups) by the evolved underplated mafic magma. Compared with the Taoguanping mineralized monzogranite in the Northern Qinling Belt, zircon geochemistry (e.g., Ce4+/Ce3+, Eu/Eu*, and ΔFMQ [relative fayalite-magnetite-quartz buffer]) indicates that magma of the Mangling intrusive complex (except the biotite diorite) has high oxygen fugacity and small fractionated granitic intrusions, which are coeval with the biotite diorite enclave or younger than the Mangling granitic rocks, may have potential for generating porphyry molybdenum mineralization. The combination of this study and previous studies corroborates that the Qinling Orogen underwent an intracontinental orogenic evolution in a post-collisional compression to extension transitional setting during the Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous, affected by far-field Paleo-Pacific slab subduction.
Supplemental Material: Strain shadow “megapores” in mid-crustal ultramylonites
Authors: Fusseis Florian , al. et
Published: May 2023

Arguments for synkinematic origin of pores; details on image processing/analysis; supplemental figures and video links.  
Supplemental Material: Waterfall height sets the mechanism and rate of upstream retreat
Authors: Inoue Takuya , al. et
Published: May 2023

Additional experimental methods, estimations of waterfall drop height to flow depth ratios, and theoretical predictions of cyclic step wavelength.  
Telehealth experiences in Canadian veterans: associations, strengths and barriers to care during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Walker Deanna L , Nouri M S , Plouffe R A , Liu J J W , Le T , Forchuk C A , Gargala D , St Cyr K , Nazarov A , Richardson J D
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Identifying barriers to care in veteran populations is critical, as veterans face increased social isolation, relationship strains and financial insecurities. For Canadian veterans experiencing barriers to accessing healthcare, telehealth may be a promising alternative with comparable effectiveness to in-person services; however, the potential benefits and limitations of telehealth require further examination to determine its long-term utility, and to inform health policy and planning. The goal of the present research was to identify predictors and barriers to telehealth usage in Canadian veterans in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

Data were drawn from baseline data of a longitudinal survey examining the psychological functioning of Canadian veterans during the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants were 1144 Canadian veterans aged 18–93 years (Mage=56.24, SD=12.92; 77.4% men). We assessed reported telehealth use (ie, for mental healthcare, physical healthcare), healthcare access (ie, difficulty accessing care, avoidance of care) and mental health and stress since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, sociodemographic variables and open-ended responses about telehealth experiences.

Results

Findings suggest that sociodemographic factors and previous telehealth use were significantly associated with telehealth use during the COVID-19 pandemic. Qualitative evidence highlighted both the benefits (eg, reducing barriers of access) and drawbacks (eg, not all services can be delivered) of telehealth services.

Conclusions

This paper provided a deeper understanding of Canadian veterans’ experiences with accessing telehealth care during the COVID-19 pandemic. While for some, the use of telehealth mitigated perceived barriers (eg, safety concerns of leaving home), others felt that not all health services could be appropriately carried out through telehealth. Altogether, findings support the use of telehealth services in increasing care accessibility for Canadian veterans. Continued use of quality telehealth services may be a valuable form of care that extends the reach of healthcare professionals.
Integrative oncology in cancer care – implementation factors: mixed-methods systematic review
Authors: Kwong Ming Hong , Ho Leonard , Li Angus S C , Nilsen Per , Ho Fai Fai , Zhong Claire C W , Chung Vincent C H
Published: May 2023

Background

Integrative oncology (IO) appears to be beneficial to patients with cancer, but its implementation remains a challenge. Guided by the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) and the Capability–Opportunity–Motivation–Behaviour (COM-B) model, this systematic review identified the barriers to and facilitators of IO implementation in conventional cancer care settings.

Methods

We searched eight electronic databases from their inception until February 2022 for qualitative, quantitative or mixed-methods empirical studies reporting the implementation outcomes for IO services. Critical appraisal approach was tailored according to study types. The identified implementation barriers and facilitators were mapped onto TDF domains and the COM-B model, and subsequently onto the behavioural change wheel (BCW) for formulating behavioural change interventions.

Results

We included 28 studies (11 qualitative, 6 quantitative, 9 mixed-methods and 2 Delphi studies) of satisfied methodological quality. The main implementation barriers were the lack of IO knowledge, the absence of funding and healthcare professionals’ low level of IO receptiveness. The key implementation facilitators were the dissemination of evidence on IO clinical benefits, the equipping of professionals with IO service delivery skills and the provision of a supportive organisational climate.

Conclusion

Multifaceted implementation strategies are needed to address the determinants influencing IO service delivery. Based on our BCW-based analysis of the included studies, the keybehavioural change techniquesare: (1) educating healthcare professionals about the value and application of traditional and complementary medicine; (2) ensuring access to actionable clinical evidence on IO effectiveness and safety and (3) designing guidelines on communicating traditional and complementary medicine interventions with patients and caregivers for biomedically trained doctors and nurses.
Changes in infectious agent profiles and host gene expression during spawning migrations of adult sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka)
Authors: Elmer Laura K. , Bass Arthur L. , Johnston Stephen D. , Kaukinen Karia H. , Kelly Lisa A. , Li Shaorong , Teffer Amy K. , Miller Kristi M. , Cooke Steven J. , Hinch Scott G.
Published: May 2023

During spawning migrations, adult Pacific salmon ( Onco rhynchus spp.) must undergo a suite of morphological and physiological changes to prepare for spawning. Modern genomics approaches can be used to conduct nonlethal assessments of physiology and infectious agent presence in migrating salmon. We investigated gene expression changes and shifts in the prevalence and load of 18 infectious agents in the gill tissue of adult sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) during the final 50 km of their freshwater migration. We found 77% of fish successfully migrated to spawning grounds. Fish exhibited a decrease in thermal stress gene expression following lake migration, consistent with the hypothesized benefits of thermal refugia during spawning migrations. We also found evidence of cooler water selection (∼1.5 °C) during lake migration for fish with higher infection burden, suggesting behavioural changes for fish suffering higher infection burdens and potential benefits of thermal refuges for reducing the negative impacts of infection for migrating salmon. Collectively, our findings provide further evidence that fish behaviourally regulate exposure to stressful conditions such as high temperature that may undermine survival.
ALBA Synchrotron and its future
Authors: Biscari C. , Aigner E. , Attenkofer K. , Casas J. , Ferrer S. , Matilla O. , Nicolas J. , Pascual R. , Pérez F. , Pont M. , Sánchez A.
Published: May 2023

The ALBA Synchrotron light source is the Spanish national facility, providing extended research capabilities and a wide range of state-of-the-art instrumentation to academic and industrial users of the Spanish and European Research Area since 2012. It includes ten operating beamlines, two beamlines in commissioning and two more in construction. JEMCA (Joint Electron Microscopy Center at ALBA), a center including advanced electron microscopes, developed in collaboration with partner institutions, has recently been inaugurated. The next years will be dedicated to exploit the existing instrumentation, and in parallel prepare the upgrade toward a fourth generation synchrotron source, by combining the partial substitution of the accelerators with the upgrade of the existing instrumentation, the addition of new cutting-edge beamlines, the development of further capabilities for automatization, simulation, prototyping, nanotechnology and advanced optics, and the extension of the infrastructure in the nearby plots, which will host the new long beamline end-stations and aim at being the seed of a science, technology and innovation park. The 2-year dark period is foreseen for the end of this decade. The status of the facility, few scientific highlights, and the plans for the future are described.
Load-optimization in Reconfigurable Data-center Networks: Algorithms and Complexity of Flow Routing
Authors: Dai Wenkai , Foerster Klaus-Tycho , Fuchssteiner David , Schmid Stefan
Published: May 2023

Emerging reconfigurable data centers introduce unprecedented flexibility in how the physical layer can be programmed to adapt to current traffic demands. These reconfigurable topologies are commonly hybrid, consisting of static and reconfigurable links, enabled by e.g., an Optical Circuit Switch (OCS) connected to top-of-rack switches in Clos networks. Even though prior work has showcased the practical benefits of hybrid networks, several crucial performance aspects are not well understood. For example, many systems enforce artificial segregation of the hybrid network parts, leaving money on the table.

In this article, we study the algorithmic problem of how to jointly optimize topology and routing in reconfigurable data centers, in order to optimize a most fundamental metric, maximum link load. The complexity of reconfiguration mechanisms in this space is unexplored at large, especially for the following cross-layer network-design problem: given a hybrid network and a traffic matrix, jointly design the physical layer and the flow routing in order to minimize the maximum link load.

We chart the corresponding algorithmic landscape in our work, investigating both un-/splittable flows and (non-)segregated routing policies. A topological complexity classification of the problem reveals NP-hardness in general for network topologies that are trees of depth at least two, in contrast to the tractability on trees of depth one. We moreover prove that the problem is not submodular for all these routing policies, even in multi-layer trees.

However, networks that can be abstracted by a single packet switch (e.g., nonblocking Fat-Tree topologies) can be optimized efficiently, and we present optimal polynomial-time algorithms accordingly. We complement our theoretical results with trace-driven simulation studies, where our algorithms can significantly improve the network load in comparison to the state-of-the-art.
Novel Graphite Paper/Cu-Coated Magnesium as Bipolar Plates for Ultra-lightweight Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Yan Pengfei , Cao Sijun , Ying Tao , Yang Yao , Cao Fuyong , Zeng Xiaoqin
Published: May 2023

Magnesium bipolar plates (BPPs) offer great advantage in realizing the ultra-lightweight target of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). However, high corrosion tendency limits its application. To improve the corrosion resistance and surface conductivity of the Mg BPPs, a novel Graphite paper/Cu coating is proposed in this study. 24 h potentiostatic polarization results reveal that the corrosion current density of the coated specimen dropped by 4 orders of magnitude than that of bare Mg. In addition, the interfacial contact resistance (ICR) of Mg BPPs at 1.4 MPa was remarkably reduced after coating, from 597.22 mΩ cm2 to 5.49 mΩ cm2 after the polarization test, respectively, which reached the target set by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). The results illustrate that the Graphite paper/Cu coating exhibits excellent anti-corrosion and electrical property, which may offer a promising strategy for the coating design on Mg BPPs for ultra-lightweight PEMFCs.
Providing a Framework for Performance Evaluation of Organizations in Successfully Implementing TQM, Based on Knowledge Management Approach and Organizational Agility
Authors: Irannejad Neda , Shirouyehzad Hadi , Shahin Arash
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, any organization, in order to be aware of the desirability and quality of its activities, especially in dynamic environments, urgently needs an evaluation system to assess its system’s performance and efficiency. In this study, the performance of production and service organizations has been evaluated according to the effect of knowledge management success factors and organizational agility on the success factors of total quality management (TQM (total quality management)). Considering that the two areas of knowledge management and organizational agility are among those influential on TQM and each has been examined separately in the previous studies in relation to it, none of the previous studies has focused on all these three areas together. Therefore, in the present study, in addition to evaluating the performance of organizations based on the success factors of TQM, we seek to identify the influential factors and success factors of each of the three areas of knowledge management, organizational agility, and TQM; then, the impact of knowledge management and organizational agility on the success factors of TQM is evaluated. To express the above-given relationship, group interpretive structural modelling (ISM (interpretive structural modelling)) techniques have been used to rank the components of each domain; also, fuzzy quality function deployment (FQFD (fuzzy quality function deployment)) technique has been applied to find the weight and relationship of the three mentioned domains by examining the independent and interface variables of the previous step. The weights resulting from two-stage house of quality have been used as the weights for the design of the two-stage data envelope analysis (DEA) model by the weight control method. Finally, the above-given factors in knowledge-based companies located in Khorramabad Science and Technology Park have been studied and the results have been expressed.
A New Big Data Approach to Understanding General Traffic Impacts on Bus Passenger Delays
Authors: Montero-Lamas Yaiza , Novales Margarita , Orro Alfonso , Currie Graham
Published: May 2023

This paper presents a new method to quantify the potential user time savings if the urban bus is given preferential treatment, changing from mixed traffic to an exclusive bus lane, using a big data approach. The main advantage of the proposal is the use of the high amount of information that is automatically collected by sensors and management systems in many different situations with a high degree of spatial and temporal detail. These data allow ready adjustment of calculations to the specific reality measured in each case. In this way, we propose a novel methodology of general application to estimate the potential passenger savings instead of using simulation or analytical methods already present in the literature. For that purpose, in the first place, a travel time prediction model per vehicle trip has been developed. It has been calibrated and validated with a historical series of observations in real-world situations. This model is based on multiple linear regression. The estimated bus delay is obtained by comparing the estimated bus travel time with the bus travel time under free-flow conditions. Finally, estimated bus passenger time savings would be obtained if an exclusive bus lane had been implemented. An estimation of the passenger’s route in each vehicle trip is considered to avoid average value simplifications in this calculation. A case study is conducted in A Coruña, Spain, to prove the methodology's applicability. The results showed that 18.7% of the analyzed bus trips underwent a delay exceeding 3 min in a 2,448 m long corridor, and more than 33,000 h per year could have been saved with an exclusive bus lane. Understanding the impact of different factors on transit and the benefits of a priority bus system on passengers can help city councils and transit agencies to know which investments to prioritize given their limited budget.
On the Use of Commercial Finite Element Packages for a Dimensionless Solution to a Class of Problems
Authors: Pashah S.
Published: May 2023

Physical laws provide a mathematical description of a physical phenomenon. The mathematical description is generally in the form of differential equations with appropriate initial and boundary conditions, called initial boundary value problems. The dimensionless form of an initial boundary value problem is the first step for the solution to a class of problems. The approach is generally applied for closed-form (or analytical) solutions, whereas practical engineering problems can only be solved numerically. Commercial finite element packages are commonly used for the numerical solution of engineering problems with complexities caused by geometry, loading, and material properties. A numerical solution does not produce a formula; therefore, a completely new solution must be obtained even for minor changes in the data set. A single-dimensionless finite element analysis would solve a class of problems. Literature shows that user-developed finite element codes, not accessible for general use, are generally used for dimensionless finite element solutions. The availability of dimensionless analysis in a commercial finite element package would be very convenient. Commercial packages do not have built-in dimensionless formulations. However, all mainstream packages allow user-implemented formulation through different coding requirements. At least one researcher has used a commercial package for dimensionless analyses without coding. The work presents a guide on alternate implementation methods of dimensionless formulations in commercial packages. A sample case demonstrates the stepwise implementation of a dimensionless formulation without writing a customized finite element code.
Prediction for the Inventory Management Chaotic Complexity System Based on the Deep Neural Network Algorithm
Authors: Lei Tengfei , Li Rita Yi Man , Jotikastira Nuttapong , Fu Haiyan , Wang Cong
Published: May 2023

Precise inventory prediction is the key to goods inventory and safety management. Accurate inventory prediction improves enterprises’ production efficiency. It is also essential to control costs and optimize the supply chain’s performance. Nevertheless, the complex inventory data are often chaotic and nonlinear; high data complexity raises the accuracy prediction difficulty. This study simulated inventory records by using the dynamics inventory management system. Four deep neural network models trained the data: short-term memory neural network (LSTM), convolutional neural network-long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM), bidirectional long short-term memory neural network (Bi-LSTM), and deep long-short-term memory neural network (DLSTM). Evaluating the models’ performance based on RMSE, MSE, and MAE, bi-LSTM achieved the highest prediction accuracy with the least square error of 0.14%. The results concluded that the complexity of the model was not directly related to the prediction performance. By contrasting several methods of chaotic nonlinear inventory data and neural network dynamics prediction, this study contributed to the academia. The research results provided useful advice for companies’ planned production and inventory officers when they plan for product inventory and minimize the risk of mishaps brought on by excess inventories in warehouses.
Data from iBRIDGE: A Data Integration Method to Identify Inflamed Tumors from Single-cell RNA-Seq Data and Differentiate Cell Type–Specific Markers of Immune-Cell Infiltration
Authors: Turan Tolga , Kongpachith Sarah , Halliwill Kyle , McLaughlin Robert T. , Binnewies Mikhail , Reddy Dhemath , Zhao Xi , Mathew Rebecca , Ye Shiming , Jacob Howard J. , Samayoa Josue
Published: May 2023

Abstract
The development of immune checkpoint–based immunotherapies has been a major advancement in the treatment of cancer, with a subset of patients exhibiting durable clinical responses. A predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response is the preexisting T-cell infiltration in the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME). Bulk transcriptomics–based approaches can quantify the degree of T-cell infiltration using deconvolution methods and identify additional markers of inflamed/cold cancers at the bulk level. However, bulk techniques are unable to identify biomarkers of individual cell types. Although single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) assays are now being used to profile the TIME, to our knowledge there is no method of identifying patients with a T-cell inflamed TIME from scRNA-seq data. Here, we describe a method, iBRIDGE, which integrates reference bulk RNA-seq data with the malignant subset of scRNA-seq datasets to identify patients with a T-cell inflamed TIME. Using two datasets with matched bulk data, we show iBRIDGE results correlated highly with bulk assessments (0.85 and 0.9 correlation coefficients). Using iBRIDGE, we identified markers of inflamed phenotypes in malignant cells, myeloid cells, and fibroblasts, establishing type I and type II interferon pathways as dominant signals, especially in malignant and myeloid cells, and finding the TGFβ-driven mesenchymal phenotype not only in fibroblasts but also in malignant cells. Besides relative classification, per-patient average iBRIDGE scores and independent RNAScope quantifications were used for threshold-based absolute classification. Moreover, iBRIDGE can be applied to in vitro grown cancer cell lines and can identify the cell lines that are adapted from inflamed/cold patient tumors.
ELEMENTARY STUDENTS’ SOLUTIONS OF RAVEN’S STANDARD PROGRESSIVE MATRICES: LOGICAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Vucicevic Bojana
Published: May 2023

Background. Questions regarding what exactly is measured by the most popular intelligence test — Raven’s Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), and how the age-dependent characteristics of thinking process are impacting the performance, are still debatable and insuffi ciently studied. Objective. Th e study had its purpose to reveal the characteristics of the thinking process in the elementary school students, at the age of 7 and 9, engaged in the performance of the SPM tasks. Methods. A three-stage study combining the cross-sectional and longitudinal methods with content analysis of children’s justifi cations for choosing specifi c answers on diff erent test items. Sample. 46 students from Moscow school with an advanced level of complexity (21 boys and 25 girls) took the test twice — in the 1st grade (mean age 7,5 years, range: 6,11–8,0) and in the 3rd grade (mean age 9,6 years, range: 9,0–10,0). Results. Th e analysis of children’s explanations, recorded while they were solving the SPM problems aloud, and the logical analysis of their wrong answers, based on their concordance with the structure of the SPM test, showed that there are not only quantitative, but also qualitative changes in intellectual development of children aged 7 and 9. Conclusion. Th e same mistake made by children of diff erent age might be an indicator of the diff erent levels of their intellectual abilities. Th e diff erent ways they use to solve the SPM tasks might be due to the qualitatively diff erent thinking processes, characteristic for a certain age. Th erefore, the results obtained by means of SPM test must be supplemented with the qualitative analysis of wrong answers in order to assess the true level of mental abilities of a child at the elementary school level.
DEVELOPMENT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL COMPETENCE OF ADOLESCENTS’ PARENTS IN EDUCATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Ganicheva Elena Yu.
Published: May 2023

Background. Development of psychological and pedagogical competence of parents is placed among the relevant problems of scientifi c and practical interest in the modern psychological science. Its role is especially great in the crisis periods of the ontogenesis of mental processes and personality traits of children and adolescents. Th ere are many studies in the scientifi c literature devoted to the development and formation of parental competencies, but the issue of motivating teenagers’ parents to interact with school psychologists, in our opinion, has been paid insuffi cient attantion. Objective. Th e study was aimed at investigating the reasons for the low motivation of teenagers’ parents to interact with the school psychological service and the possibilities of educational institutions in providing support to adolescents’ parents in developing their psychological and pedagogical competence. Methods. Th e study implemented methods of theoretical analysis, questionnairies, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the research results. Sample. Th e study involved 100 people, including 50 school psychologists with more than 3 years of experience working in educational institutions of Moscow, and 50 parents of adolescents aged 14–15 studying in the secondary education schools in Russia (Moscow, Belgorod, Klimovsk). Results. Survey of educational psychologists has established the fact of a decrease in the number of appeals of teenagers’ parents to the psychological services at schools.Survey of adolescents’ parents revealed their readiness to interact with specialists of a psychological service, subject to special conditions. A methodological complex has been developed aimed at increasing the motivation of teenagers’ parents to interact with educational psychologists in order to develop parental competences. Conclusion. Th e study revealed the problem of a decrease in the motivation of teenagers’ parents to consult with a school psychologist. Th e results analysis suggests that the reasons for this decline are associated with the peculiarities of adolescence period and the parents’ unwillingness for transformation of parent-child relationships. Th e parents survey revealed the problem of creating conditions for the eff ective provision of counseling services by a school psychologist on the basis of educational institutions. Th e resulting methodological complex makes it possible to investigate the problems and opportunities of an educational organization in terms of increasing parental competence and off ers means of involving them in interaction with school psychological service. Th e results of the study suggest that preventive work with parents at the earlier stages of their ьchildren’s education in school will be eff ective in increasing the motivation of teenagers’ parents to interact with school psychologists.
Blurred Lines or Spatial Clustering? Assessing the Association between Peacekeeping Presence and Attacks against Humanitarians in Darfur
Authors: Duursma Allard , Fast Larissa , Read Róisín
Published: May 2023

A prominent explanation of the rising attacks on aid workers is that aid workers in proximity to peacekeepers or soldiers of an intervention force are seen to be associated with them. This article leverages high-quality, disaggregated data collected by the UN about attacks on humanitarians in Darfur between January 2008 and March 2009 to examine this “blurring of the lines” explantion. We argue that rather than a blurred lines logic, spatial clustering of peacekeepers and humanitarians in a given area explains why aid workers are often attacked in proximity to peacekeepers. Consistent with this argument, we find that when controlling for humanitarian activity, the number of peacekeepers in an area is no longer significantly associated with attacks on aid workers. This study has important implications for current discussions on the relationship between humanitarians and peacekeepers and the concept of humanitarian space.
The Second Edition of the South Commission
Authors: Abdenur Adriana Erthal
Published: May 2023

This essay proposes the creation of a second edition of the South Commission, with updated discussions featuring not only the central theme of development, but also the topics of climate and environment as part of joint efforts to achieve an overarching diagnosis of key challenges facing humankind – with a focus on the developing world – as well as a roadmap for global governance reform that takes both historical and current demands seriously and that shields, even if partially, key global governance institutions, including the UN system, from global power politics. While building bridges with the North is necessary, without a South-led reform agenda, global governance will remain undemocratic, unjust, and ineffective.
Casting and Casteing Indian Diplomacy
Authors: Thakur Vineet
Published: May 2023

In this essay, I look at a curious intersection – the emergence of Indian diplomacy in the interwar era and the end of indentured labor. A genealogical reading suggests that Indian diplomacy takes “birth” primarily to articulate the political and civic rights of the new, seemingly upper caste Indian, in contrast to the lower caste “coolie” of the past. Diplomacy here becomes a practice through which this difference between the upper caste Indian migrant as a rights-bearing individual, and the lower caste Indian migrant as a non-rights bearing individual is enacted. This interrogation of Indian diplomatic practice is primarily an effort to reveal the ways in which caste, rarely explored as a factor in Indian diplomacy, is indeed central to its making.
Fundamental Constitutional Changes Without Participation of the Constituent Power
Authors: Mayieka Oira Nickson
Published: May 2023

The book review analyzes the work of two renowned scholars who have highlighted how fundamental constitutional amendments could take place through interpretation of statutes by the judicial arm of government or through legislation without invoking the formal constitutional amendment processes. Such constitutional changes are fundamental and therefore transform the polity of a society without involving the constituent power. It is crystal clear from the authors that constitutional revolution is not so much about the process of change but about the significance of the changes made.
Design of Amplifier Circuit of Optical Fiber Sensor and Its Application in Cloud Computing of Mechanical Vibration Fault
Authors: Yao Hai , Hu Guanyong , Wang Xiaofei
Published: May 2023

Photoelectric detection technology has been widely used in industry, agriculture, medicine, and other fields. The signal collected by photoelectric signal detection equipment is weak and vulnerable to noise interference. Therefore, a preamplifier circuit with good performance is needed
to amplify the original signal effectively. Firstly, considering that a single-mode fiber coupler is more sensitive to the length of the coupling region, a coupled optical fiber vibration sensor is designed. Secondly, the appropriate operational amplifier (Op-amp) is chosen based on the photodetector.
By listing and selecting the OPA656 Op-amp produced by TI Company, the basic current and voltage conversion circuit of photoelectric detection equipment is analyzed. In addition, a basic trans-impedance circuit with a phase compensation function is proposed and the calculation method of optimal
phase compensation capacitance is derived. Finally, in the process of monitoring the vibration data of equipment, cloud computing technology (fuzzy C-means clustering algorithm+MapReduce model) is used for distributed processing of mechanical vibration data. In the test, the coupled optical
fiber vibration sensor designed with an amplifier circuit and moving coil vibration sensor are placed on the ship equipment at the same time, and the rubber hammer is employed to hit the surface of the ship machinery. The test results of the two sensors are the same, which proves that the
optical fiber sensor designed in this study meets the requirements of vibration measurement.
Study on the Dust Concentration Evaluation for Submicron Semiconductor Particles in Confined Space Based on Laser Transmission
Authors: Xie Peng , Liu Juntong , Chen Kechao , Zhou Pengyao
Published: May 2023

Metal dust is generally recognized as a major reason for explosion-related accidents in semiconductor industry. Based on laser transmission, this study proposes a method of rapid dust concentration measurement for three common types of raw materials (Si, GaAs, and SnSe2)
under a low-concentration condition in semiconductor manufacturing. First, according to the Lambert-Beer law, the quantitative relations between the extinction coefficient of the experimental system and some characteristic parameters including particle diameter and optical path were derived.
Next, the experimental system consisting of five modules (namely, light source module, photoelectric receiving module, differential amplification module, signal processing module, and data acquisition module) was constructed. The wave optical model for metal dust concentration measurement
was also established. Further, the effects of particle material, diameter and concentration on the electromagnetic field intensity distribution and laser transmissivity within a wavelength range of 405–830 nm were discussed. The results showed that the imaginary part of the refractive
index of the dust material imposed a significant effect on laser transmissivity. From the perspective of a complex refractive index of the material, the optical detection wavebands for these three dust particles ranged from 532 nm to 650 nm. The increase in dust particle size reduced the total
number of particles along the unit optical path, leading to the overall increase of transmissivity. Moreover, the transmissivity dropped in a quasi-linear manner with the increase of dust concentration. A comparative analysis of the theoretical and experimental results revealed that the established
model could well predict the dust concentrations and distributions of semiconductor raw materials, showing favorable guidance for their rapid detection in semiconducting industry.
An Intelligent Irrigation System and Prediction of Environmental Weather Based on Nano Electronics and Internet of Things Devices
Authors: Ahmad Sultan , Yousuf Uddin Mohammed
Published: May 2023

Internet of Things (IoT) shows a significant aspect in day-to-day life like Health monitoring, Environmental monitoring, vehicle monitoring, crop monitoring, material science and other applications. The proposed method objective is to monitor the environmental factors periodically on
analysing the data collected from sensors and Nano electronics devices. IoT dependent smart irrigation system could aids in attaining the optimal resource utilization in the precise farming. The proposed system intelligence depends on smarter algorithm that considers sensed data with weather
forecast parameters such as moisture, air temperature, humidity, precipitation in near future. Primarily, the input data is acquired from sensors placed at transmitter side that is connected to microcontroller and attained data is thus stored in the cloud paradigm from which the data is monitored
and processed for making further decision. At the side of receiver module, the data collected is thus preprocessed. The features are extracted using Adaptive Fisher discriminant analysis. The optimum best features were chosen by employing optimization process with the help of multi-strategic
gradient Salp swarm optimization (MSG-SSOA). Finally, the Deep residual LeNet classifier is employed for the classification of sensed data. Consequently, for the effectual performance assessment of suggested strategy the existing methods are related with proposed methods to validate the proposed
system effectiveness.
Synthesis and Luminescence Characteristics of CaWO4: Eu3+ Red Phosphor for White Light Emitting Diode
Authors: Hao Minru , Li Jiajun , Zhou Xun , Hao Feng
Published: May 2023

White light emitting diode (LED) red phosphor Ca1−xWO4:xEu3+ (x = 0.10, 0.15, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30) was prepared by high temperature solid state method. The phase of the phosphor sample was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and
the morphological characteristics of the sample were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the luminescence characteristics of the sample were studied by fluorescence spectrophotometer. The results show that the synthesized samples are scheelite structure and can be effectively
excited by near ultraviolet light (393 nm) and blue light (464 nm). The main emission peak is located at 615 nm, which belongs to the 5D0→7F2 transition of Eu3+. The optimum doping amount of Ca1−xWO4:xEu3+
is 25%. In addition, Ca0.75WO4: Eu3+0.25 was prepared by sol–gel method, which was compared with the same component sample prepared by high-temperature solid-state method. It was found that the phosphor prepared by high-temperature solid-state
method had relatively high luminous intensity.
Three-Dimensional Direct Current Resistivity Finite Element Method Forward Modelling Based on Jacobi Preconditioned Conjugate Gradient Algorithm
Authors: Guo Lai-gong , Wu Si-tong , Yang Ben-cai , Dai Guang-long
Published: May 2023

The calculation speed and accuracy of resistivity forward model are important for direct current exploration. This study proposes a calculation method for the forward model. First, we structured the unstructured grid to enable dissection of the three-dimensional finite element space.
We then solved the large sparse linear equations, using the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. The diagonal matrix in the Jacobi iteration was used as the pre-processed matrix, which had the characteristics of a convenient inversion solution and consumed less memory; therefore, it substantially
increased the speed to solve large linear equations. The forward modelling performed using synthetic data shows that the preconditioned conjugate gradient algorithm exhibits fast calculation speed and high accuracy. These results are in accordance with the potential distribution rule of the
underground electric field. The results have value for three-dimensional direct current exploration in the field of engineering. Furthermore, it provides a reference for solving large linear equations of the finite element method in other fields.