bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Damage characteristics of a triple-junction GaAs cell with a subwavelength structured antireflective film
Authors: Qi Lei , Liu Yali , Jing Hao , Yang Xiaomin , Zhang Rongzhu
Published: September 2021

A theoretical model of temperature and stress damage of a triple-junction GaAs solar cell with a conical subwavelength structure antireflection film is proposed to analyze the influence of subwavelength structure on damage characteristics. The distribution of temperature and stress under different cone structure parameters are calculated. Results show that the subwavelength structure will significantly modulate the light field, temperature field, and stress field inside the solar cell. Under the simultaneous influence of reflectivity and conical structure modulation, the melting damage and stress damage thresholds reach the minimum values of

2.485

×

10

7

and

0.49

×

10

7

W

/

c
m

2

when the cone height and bottom diameter are 500 and 750 nm, respectively.
Reaching fiber-laser coherence in integrated photonics
Authors: Li Bohan , Jin Warren , Wu Lue , Chang Lin , Wang Heming , Shen Boqiang , Yuan Zhiquan , Feshali Avi , Paniccia Mario , Vahala Kerry J. , Bowers John E.
Published: September 2021

We self-injection-lock a diode laser to a 1.41 m long, ultra-high

Q

integrated resonator. The hybrid integrated laser reaches a frequency noise floor of

0.006

H

z

2

/

H
z

at 4 MHz offset, corresponding to a Lorentzian linewidth below 40 mHz—a record among semiconductor lasers. It also exhibits exceptional stability at low-offset frequencies, with frequency noise of

200

H

z

2

/

H
z

at 100 Hz offset. Such performance, realized in a system comprised entirely of integrated photonic chips, marks a milestone in the development of integrated photonics; and, for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, exceeds the frequency noise performance of commercially available, high-performance fiber lasers.
Electromagnetic phase coherence gratings for atmospheric applications
Authors: Ata Yalçin , Korotkova Olga
Published: September 2021

We propose using electromagnetic phase coherence gratings (EMPCGs) for fine spatial segregation in polarimetric components of stationary beams on their propagation in atmospheric turbulence. Unlike for other beams, e.g., non-uniformly correlated EM beams, the off-axis shifts occurring in polarimetric components of EMPCGs are shown to be invariant with respect to the local turbulence strength. This effect may lead to implementation of novel techniques for direct energy, imaging, and wireless optical communication systems operating in the presence of turbulent air.
Kreativitätsförderung in der virtuellen Gruppenarbeit
Authors: Gebbing Pia , Yang Xingyue , Michalke Simon , Lattemann Christoph
Published: September 2021

Laut OECD ist Kreativität eine der gefragtesten Soft Skills auf dem zukünftigen Arbeitsmarkt, was eine besondere Förderung in der Aus- und Weiterbildung notwendig macht. Problematisch ist, dass die zunehmende digitale Gestaltung von Lern- und Bildungsangeboten die Entwicklung von Kreativität im Lernprozess erschweren kann. Um zu untersuchen, welche Faktoren die Kreativität in der virtuellen Zusammenarbeit beeinflussen, wurde eine explorative Studie mit Studierenden eines fünftägigen online Design Thinking Workshops durchgeführt. Ziel ist es, aus Sicht der Lernenden die Faktoren zu identifizieren, die in der digitalen Lehre beachtet werden müssen, um kreative Gruppenarbeit zu ermöglichen. Die qualitative und quantitative Analyse der Bedürfnisse der Lernenden ergab drei Gruppen von Schlüsselfaktoren, die besonders bei der Gestaltung von Lehr- und Lernarrangements im digitalen Raum zu berücksichtigt sind: (1) Funktionalität und Eigenschaften der verwendeten technischen Tools, (2) psychologische Werte der Zusammenarbeit und Organisationskultur, (3) Motivation und Engagement.
Stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex with slow rTMS enhances verbal memory formation
Authors: van der Plas Mircea , Braun Verena , Stauch Benjamin Johannes , Hanslmayr Simon
Published: September 2021

Encoding of episodic memories relies on stimulus-specific information processing and involves the left prefrontal cortex. We here present an incidental finding from a simultaneous EEG-TMS experiment as well as a replication of this unexpected effect. Our results reveal that stimulating the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) with slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) leads to enhanced word memory performance. A total of 40 healthy human participants engaged in a list learning paradigm. Half of the participants (N = 20) received 1 Hz rTMS to the left DLPFC, while the other half (N = 20) received 1 Hz rTMS to the vertex and served as a control group. Participants receiving left DLPFC stimulation demonstrated enhanced memory performance compared to the control group. This effect was replicated in a within-subjects experiment where 24 participants received 1 Hz rTMS to the left DLPFC and vertex. In this second experiment, DLPFC stimulation also induced better memory performance compared to vertex stimulation. In addition to these behavioural effects, we found that 1 Hz rTMS to DLPFC induced stronger beta power modulation in posterior areas, a state that is known to be beneficial for memory encoding. Further analysis indicated that beta modulations did not have an oscillatory origin. Instead, the observed beta modulations were a result of a spectral tilt, suggesting inhibition of these parietal regions. These results show that applying 1 Hz rTMS to DLPFC, an area involved in episodic memory formation, improves memory performance via modulating neural activity in parietal regions.
Implications of armed conflict for maternal and child health: A regression analysis of data from 181 countries for 2000–2019
Authors: Jawad Mohammed , Hone Thomas , Vamos Eszter P. , Cetorelli Valeria , Millett Christopher
Published: September 2021

Background

Armed conflicts have major indirect health impacts in addition to the direct harms from violence. They create enduring political instability, destabilise health systems, and foster negative socioeconomic and environmental conditions—all of which constrain efforts to reduce maternal and child mortality. The detrimental impacts of conflict on global maternal and child health are not robustly quantified. This study assesses the association between conflict and maternal and child health globally.

Methods and findings

Data for 181 countries (2000–2019) from the Uppsala Conflict Data Program and World Bank were analysed using panel regression models. Primary outcomes were maternal, under-5, infant, and neonatal mortality rates. Secondary outcomes were delivery by a skilled birth attendant and diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus (DPT) and measles vaccination coverage. Models were adjusted for 10 confounders, country and year fixed effects, and conflict lagged by 1 year. Further lagged associations up to 10 years post-conflict were tested. The number of excess deaths due to conflict was estimated. Out of 3,718 country–year observations, 522 (14.0%) had minor conflicts and 148 (4.0%) had wars. In adjusted models, conflicts classified as wars were associated with an increase in maternal mortality of 36.9 maternal deaths per 100,000 live births (95% CI 1.9–72.0; 0.3 million excess deaths [95% CI 0.2 million–0.4 million] over the study period), an increase in infant mortality of 2.8 per 1,000 live births (95% CI 0.1–5.5; 2.0 million excess deaths [95% CI 1.6 million–2.5 million]), a decrease in DPT vaccination coverage of 4.9% (95% CI 1.5%–8.3%), and a decrease in measles vaccination coverage of 7.3% (95% CI 2.7%–11.8%). The long-term impacts of war were demonstrated by associated increases in maternal mortality observed for up to 7 years, in under-5 mortality for 3–5 years, in infant mortality for up to 8 years, in DPT vaccination coverage for up to 3 years, and in measles vaccination coverage for up to 2 years. No evidence of association between armed conflict and neonatal mortality or delivery by a skilled birth attendant was found. Study limitations include the ecological study design, which may mask sub-national variation in conflict intensity, and the quality of the underlying data.

Conclusions

Our analysis indicates that armed conflict is associated with substantial and persistent excess maternal and child deaths globally, and with reductions in key measures that indicate reduced availability of organised healthcare. These findings highlight the importance of protecting women and children from the indirect harms of conflict, including those relating to health system deterioration and worsening socioeconomic conditions.
Morphological, molecular and MALDI-TOF MS identification of ticks and tick-associated pathogens in Vietnam
Authors: Huynh Ly Na , Diarra Adama Zan , Pham Quang Luan , Le-Viet Nhiem , Berenger Jean-Michel , Ho Van Hoang , Nguyen Xuan Quang , Parola Philippe
Published: September 2021

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been reported as a promising and reliable tool for arthropod identification, including the identification of alcohol-preserved ticks based on extracted leg protein spectra. In this study, the legs of 361 ticks collected in Vietnam, including 251 Rhiphicephalus sanguineus s.l, 99 Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, two Amblyomma varanensis, seven Dermacentor auratus, one Dermacentor compactus and one Amblyomma sp. were submitted for MALDI-TOF MS analyses. Spectral analysis showed intra-species reproducibility and inter-species specificity and the spectra of 329 (91%) specimens were of excellent quality. The blind test of 310 spectra remaining after updating the database with 19 spectra revealed that all were correctly identified with log score values (LSV) ranging from 1.7 to 2.396 with a mean of 1.982 ± 0.142 and a median of 1.971. The DNA of several microorganisms including Anaplasma platys, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Anaplasma marginale, Ehrlichia rustica, Babesia vogeli, Theileria sinensis, and Theileria orientalis were detected in 25 ticks. Co-infection by A. phagocytophilum and T. sinensis was found in one Rh. (B) microplus.
The Mimivirus L375 Nudix enzyme hydrolyzes the 5’ mRNA cap
Authors: Kago Grace , Parrish Susan
Published: September 2021

The giant Mimivirus is a member of the nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDV), a group of diverse viruses that contain double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes that replicate primarily in eukaryotic hosts. Two members of the NCLDV, Vaccinia Virus (VACV) and African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV), both synthesize Nudix enzymes that have been shown to decap mRNA, a process thought to accelerate viral and host mRNA turnover and promote the shutoff of host protein synthesis. Mimivirus encodes two Nudix enzymes in its genome, denoted as L375 and L534. Importantly, L375 exhibits sequence similarity to ASFV-DP and eukaryotic Dcp2, two Nudix enzymes shown to possess mRNA decapping activity. In this work, we demonstrate that recombinant Mimivirus L375 cleaves the 5’ m7GpppN mRNA cap, releasing m7GDP as a product. L375 did not significantly cleave mRNAs containing an unmethylated 5’GpppN cap, indicating that this enzyme specifically hydrolyzes methylated-capped transcripts. A point mutation in the L375 Nudix motif completely eliminated cap hydrolysis, showing that decapping activity is dependent on this motif. Addition of uncapped RNA significantly reduced L375 decapping activity, suggesting that L375 may recognize its substrate through interaction with the RNA body.
Stability analysis and novel solutions to the generalized Degasperis Procesi equation: An application to plasma physics
Authors: El-Tantawy S. A. , Salas Alvaro H. , Jairo E. Castillo H.
Published: September 2021

In this work two kinds of smooth (compactons or cnoidal waves and solitons) and nonsmooth (peakons) solutions to the general Degasperis-Procesi (gDP) equation and its family (Degasperis-Procesi (DP) equation, modified DP equation, Camassa-Holm (CH) equation, modified CH equation, Benjamin-Bona-Mahony (BBM) equation, etc.) are reported in detail using different techniques. The single and periodic peakons are investigated by studying the stability analysis of the gDP equation. The novel compacton solutions to the equations under consideration are derived in the form of Weierstrass elliptic function. Also, the periodicity of these solutions is obtained. The cnoidal wave solutions are obtained in the form of Jacobi elliptic functions. Moreover, both soliton and trigonometric solutions are covered as a special case for the cnoidal wave solutions. Finally, a new form for the peakon solution is derived in details. As an application to this study, the fluid basic equations of a collisionless unmagnetized non-Maxwellian plasma is reduced to the equation under consideration for studying several nonlinear structures in the plasma model.
Management of veterinary anaesthesia and analgesia in small animals: A survey of English-speaking practitioners in Canada
Authors: Lalonde Sophie , Truchetti Geoffrey , Otis Colombe , Beauchamp Guy , Troncy Eric
Published: September 2021

Objective

To describe how small animal anaesthesia and analgesia is performed in English-speaking Canada, document any variation among practices especially in relation to practice type and veterinarian’s experience and compare results to published guidelines.

Design

Observational study, electronic survey.

Sample

126 respondents.

Procedure

A questionnaire was designed to assess current small animal anaesthesia and analgesia practices in English-speaking Canadian provinces, mainly in Ontario, Alberta and British Columbia. The questionnaire was available through SurveyMonkey®and included four parts: demographic information about the veterinarians surveyed, evaluation and management of anaesthetic risk, anaesthesia procedure, monitoring and safety. Year of graduation and type of practice were evaluated as potential risk factors. Exact chi-square tests were used to study the association between risk factors and the association between risk factors and survey responses. For ordinal data, the Mantel-Haenszel test was used instead.

Results

Response rate over a period of 3 months was 12.4% (126 respondents out of 1 016 invitations). Current anaesthesia and analgesia management failed to meet international guidelines for a sizable number of participants, notably regarding patient evaluation and preparation, safety and monitoring. Nearly one third of the participants still consider analgesia as optional for routine surgeries. Referral centres tend to follow guidelines more accurately and are better equipped than general practices.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

A proportion of surveyed Canadian English-speaking general practitioners do not follow current small animal anaesthesia and analgesia guidelines, but practitioners working in referral centres are closer to meet these recommendations.
Sex moderations in the relationship between aortic stiffness, cognition, and cerebrovascular reactivity in healthy older adults
Authors: Sabra Dalia , Intzandt Brittany , Desjardins-Crepeau Laurence , Langeard Antoine , Steele Christopher J. , Frouin Frédérique , Hoge Richard D. , Bherer Louis , Gauthier Claudine J.
Published: September 2021

It is well established that sex differences exist in the manifestation of vascular diseases. Arterial stiffness (AS) has been associated with changes in cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) and cognitive decline in aging. Specifically, older adults with increased AS show a decline on executive function (EF) tasks. Interestingly, the relationship between AS and CVR is more complex, where some studies show decreased CVR with increased AS, and others demonstrate preserved CVR despite higher AS. Here, we investigated the possible role of sex on these hemodynamic relationships. Acquisitions were completed in 48 older adults. Pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (pCASL) data were collected during a hypercapnia challenge. Aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV) data was acquired using cine phase contrast velocity series. Cognitive function was assessed with a comprehensive neuropsychological battery, and a composite score for EF was calculated using four cognitive tests from the neuropsychological battery. A moderation model test revealed that sex moderated the relationship between PWV and CVR and PWV and EF, but not between CVR and EF. Together, our results indicate that the relationships between central stiffness, cerebral hemodynamics and cognition are in part mediated by sex.
A novel approach: Simulating multiple simultaneous encounters to assess multitasking ability in emergency medicine
Authors: Huang Wen-Cheng , Hsu Shih-Chang , Yang Chih-Hao , Lin Che-Wei , Suk Fat-Moon , Hu Kai-Chun , Wu Yun-Yu , Chen Hao-Yu , Hsu Chin-Wang
Published: September 2021

Study objective

The purpose of this feasibility study is to develop and validate a new assessment tool and scoring system for multitasking competency for physicians in-training in a timed simulated setting. The multitasking competency includes ability to appropriately prioritize and implement tasks for different patients who present simultaneously.

Methods

We designed three single task stations with different levels of difficulty and priority. These skill stations were then combined to create a multitasking simulation scenario. Skill checklists and the global rating scale were utilized to assess the participants’ performance. A multitasking score, multitasking index, and priority score were developed to measure the multitasking ability of participants.

Results

Thirty-three first-year postgraduate physicians were recruited for this prospective study. The total performance scores were significantly higher for the single-tasking stations than for the multitasking scenario. In terms of the time needed to complete the tasks, the participants spent more time on the multitasking scenario than on the single-tasking scenario. There were significant correlations between the global rating scale and the multitasking score (rho = 0.693, p < 0.001) and between the global rating scale and the multitasking index (rho = 0.515, p < 0.001). The multitasking score, multitasking index, and priority score did not have any significant correlations with the total single-tasking score.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that the use of a simulated multitasking scenario could be an effective method of assessing multitasking ability and allow assessors to offer better quality feedback.
Genetic diversity and population structure of sheep (Ovis aries) in Sichuan, China
Authors: Zhou Mingliang , Wang Gaofu , Chen Minghua , Pang Qian , Jiang Shihai , Zeng Jie , Du Dan , Yang Pinggui , Wu Weisheng , Zhao Hongwen
Published: September 2021

Sichuan, China, has abundant genetic resources of sheep (Ovis aries). However, their genetic diversity and population structure have been less studied, especially at the genome-wide level. In the present study, we employed the specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing for identifying genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among five breeds of sheep distributed in Sichuan, including three local pure breeds, one composite breed, and one exotic breed of White Suffolk. From 494 million clean paired-end reads, we obtained a total of 327,845 high-quality SNPs that were evenly distributed among all 27 chromosomes, with a transition/transversion ratio of 2.56. Based on this SNP panel, we found that the overall nucleotide diversity was 0.2284 for all five breeds, with the highest and lowest diversity observed in Mage sheep (0.2125) and Butuo Black (0.1963) sheep, respectively. Both Wright’s fixation index and Identity-by-State distance revealed that all individuals of Liangshan Semifine-wool, White Suffolk, and Butuo Black sheep were respectively clustered together, and the breeds could be separated from each other, whereas Jialuo and Mage sheep had the closest genetic relationship and could not be distinguished from each other. In conclusion, we provide a reference panel of genome-wide and high-quality SNPs in five sheep breeds in Sichuan, by which their genetic diversity and population structures were investigated.
‘Northern, not Nordic noir’: A Norwegian case study on crime series and strategies for transnational television
Authors: Sand Stine Agnete , Vordal Thomas
Published: September 2021

This article discusses transnational television and what strategies public service broadcaster NRK Drama has pursued to make the Norwegian crime series Monster: Brutally Far North travel. Monster was the first Norwegian-language television series bought by a major American cable network, Starz. Using the concept of production values, we argue that NRK has made a series that is able to ride the Nordic noir wave of success while also offering a new northern Norwegian version of the western. These two factors made Monster a good fit for the American market. The series is a result of strategic changes within NRK Drama and a commitment to the private and regional film business. Furthermore, NRK views drama productions as key for reaching audiences and has increased their budgets significantly. The analysis encompasses the industry context, media articles, the ‘North’ as location, the series itself and interviews with important stakeholders.
Construcción conceptual de la competencia global en educación
Authors: Sanz Leal María , Orozco Gómez Martha Lucía , Toma Radu Bogdan
Published: September 2021

La competencia global como objetivo de aprendizaje, ha tomado relevancia desde su inclusión en el Programa para la Evaluación Internacional de los Estudiantes (PISA), una competencia que se construye en base a distintos modelos de educación global como la educación intercultural, la educación para la ciudadanía o la educación para la democracia. Pese al creciente interés por esta competencia, son numerosas las cuestiones que requieren de una reflexión profunda, tales como ¿Qué es la competencia global? ¿Cómo se ha construido? ¿Desde qué enfoques se parte en los procesos discursivos para su construcción? y ¿Qué aporta la educación intercultural a este constructo? Para dar respuesta a estas preguntas, este artículo discute los antecedentes, las conceptualizaciones, enfoques y teorías en base a las cuales se ha construido el concepto. Se ha encontrado que en la conceptualización ha predominado el enfoque instrumentalista de eficiencia social, aunque sea de manera subyacente, frente a un enfoque de re-construccionismo social que suele aparecer en primer plano y que en muchas ocasiones la competencia global y la competencia intercultural se utilizan indistintamente debido al gran peso que esta última aporta en la competencia global, aunque la tendencia a nivel internacional es adoptar el uso de competencia global por ser más integral para afrontar los desafíos de la globalización. Por último, se destaca que existen desafíos y limitaciones conceptuales y de medición que dificultan comparar a nivel internacional e intercultural la adquisición de esta competencia y que requieren por tanto de más estudios que investiguen sistemáticamente la construcción del concepto, su desarrollo y medición.
Prevención de la violencia y el acoso en la red en adolescentes: estrategias familiares de crecimiento personal
Authors: Millan Ghisleri Elda , Caro Samada Carmen
Published: September 2021

En los últimos años se han desarrollado y puesto en marcha estudios y protocolos de detección e intervención de fenómenos de agresividad virtual en adolescentes -ciberodio y ciberacoso, entre otros-. Este artículo va a abordar especialmente el segundo de los fenómenos, dada su relevancia en los últimos años.  Existe un claro vacío en las estrategias de prevención del fenómeno del ciberacoso en la literatura científica, lo que podría explicar que muchas de las medidas llevadas a cabo no prevengan la violencia ni las consecuencias de esta. Con el objeto de dar respuesta a esta necesidad, en este trabajo se proponen y analizan críticamente algunas estrategias de desarrollo personal en adolescentes para hacer frente a estos fenómenos de agresividad virtual. La agresividad en la red es una realidad que surge por la interacción tanto de factores individuales como ambientales. Entre estos últimos está el contexto familiar, ámbito en el que el adolescente adquiere las habilidades necesarias para su socialización y madurez personal. Así, el clima familiar, el apoyo parental y el tipo de comunicación que se establezca entre padres e hijos se constituyen en algunos de los factores protectores para la agresión y la victimización en el ciberacoso. Por otra parte, el desarrollo de una personalidad madura se constituye en uno de los ejes fundamentales para la prevención de conductas violentas. Se propone el fortalecimiento del papel socializador de la familia, el cultivo de virtudes para la formación del carácter y habilidades de crecimiento personal, basadas fundamentalmente en el perdón, como las principales estrategias educativas para la prevención de la violencia entre iguales en la red.
Subjectification and Existentialism in Contemporary Educational Theory
Authors: Oliverio Stefano
Published: September 2021

In the present paper, I will investigate contemporary neo-existentialism in educational theory, by exploring the reasons which have recommended the rediscovery of an existentialist stance in our age, the significance of these endeavours for contemporary undertakings and also the manner in which the existentialist thrust has been spelled out. In particular, after situating present-day neo-existentialism against the backdrop of the mid-20th century educational existentialism and after specifying its topicality as a response to neoliberal stranglehold on education, I will focus on two models – “subjectification” and “existential learning” – and show that they ultimately represent two alternative pedagogical options. However, it will be argued, this difference does not exclude the possibility that both models can (and perhaps must) be deployed in contemporary scenarios to counter the human capital invasion of education, by operating in different dimensions of education and in response to different educational tasks. Indeed, together they may allow us to re(dis)cover education as an adventure.
El problema de la Teoría de la Educación
Authors: Siegel Stefan T. , Biesta Gert
Published: September 2021

Esta entrevista arroja luz sobre varios desarrollos actuales que amenazan el «núcleo» disciplinario de la educación. Partiendo de la «configuración» continental del campo, Gert Biesta y Stefan T. Siegel argumentan que existen formas de teoría consideradas distintivamente educativas. Basándose en esta premisa, discuten por qué resulta tan difícil definir las teorías de la educación (Erziehungswissenschaftliche Theorien) y por qué es, no obstante, una tarea provechosa. Al distinguir entre teorías de la educación (genuinamente) educativas en un sentido acotado y teorías de la educación (educativamente relevantes) en un sentido más amplio, Biesta y Siegel tratan de abordar el problema de la teoría de la educación y de estimular el discurso sobre la teorización de la educación.
 
Este texto es la traducción al español de la entrevista mantenida entre Stefan. T. Siegel y G. Biesta y publicada como artículo en julio de 2021 en la revista Policy Futures in Education. Siegel, S. T., & Biesta, G. (2021). The problem of educational theory. Policy Futures in Education. https://doi.org/10.1177/14782103211032087. Con licencia CC-BY 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)
Periodontal P eriodontal Parameters and Anti-Car ameters and Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies F diolipin Antibodies Following ollowing Periodontal Ther eriodontal Therapy in Chr y in Chronic Periodontitis eriodontitis
Authors:   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Majdiah Wan Mohamad Wan , Rashidah Saad Noor ,   Unit of Periodontics, Klinik Pergigian, Jalan Putra, 36000 Teluk Intan, Perak, Malaysia, Lailatul Akmar Zainuddin Siti ,   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia, Taib Haslina ,   School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
Published: September 2021

Anti-cardiolipin (anti-CL) antibodies are autoantibodies which are directed against cell membrane phospholipids. A significant number of periodontitis patients showed positive for anti-CL antibody. Objective: This study aimed to determine the periodontal parameters and anti-CL antibodies levels before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy in chronic periodontitis. Methods: This cross-sectional study had been carried out at Periodontal Clinic, Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. Thirty five chronic periodontitis (CP) and 39 non-periodontitis (NP) patients underwent clinical periodontal examination at baseline. Plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), periodontal pocket depth (PPD), and clinical attachment loss (CAL) were measured. Scaling and polishing was performed and blood samples were taken for IgG and IgM anti-CL antibodies analysis. Re-evaluation was performed four weeks after initial therapy. CP patients were re-examined, all periodontal parameters were recorded and blood samples were taken for reassessment of IgG and IgM anti-CL antibodies. Results: Significant difference means of PI (p=0.001), GI (p=0.000), PPD (p=0.000) and, CAL (p=0.000) were found between CP and NP groups. All periodontal parameters were significantly reduced (p≤0.05) after four weeks of therapy. The mean levels of IgG and IgM anti-CL antibodies at baseline were significantly higher in CP than NP group (IgG=4.46 vs 3.22, p=0.002; IgM=3.28 vs 2.57, p=0.019). No significant difference of the median levels of IgG (p=0.82) and IgM anti-CL antibodies (p=0.35) following therapy. Conclusion: All periodontal parameters were significantly reduced following periodontal therapy. Higher level of Anti-CL antibodies in CP indicates stimulation of autoantibodies production by periodontal infection. Nonetheless no significant changes of this anti-CL antibodies levels despite significant reduction of the clinical parameters after periodontal therapy
Associations of Electromyographic Activity of Anterior T aphic Activity of Anterior Temporalis Muscles, Sex, and Occlusal Classes in Asymptomatic Young Adults
Authors:   Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Montelupich 4 31-155 Kraków, Poland, Wieczorek Aneta , Czarnek Marcin ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Montelupich 4 31-155 Kraków, Poland, E. Loster Jolanta ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Institute of Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Montelupich 4 31-155 Kraków, Poland
Published: September 2021

Symmetry evaluation of the craniofacial complex generally involves models of mandibular movement and masticatory muscle activity, especially during the growth of the craniofacial complex. Objectives: The aim of the study was to determine what, if any, associations exist between the activity of the masticatory muscles, sex, and occlusal classes in asymptomatic young adults. Methods:18-year-old volunteers, showing no symptoms of TMD based on an RDC/TMD examination, were included in the study.Surface electromyography (sEMG) recording was used to quantify the activity of masticatory muscles. The occlusal contact points were analyzed using a T-scan III Evolution 7.01 device. Occlusal classes were graded, employing an approach based on plaster study models. Results: In Class I–II subjects, we found significant differences only in the voltage of LTA in correlation with the gender and occlusal Class. Conclusions: Our findings show that the electromyography voltage of LTA significantly differs according to sex and occlusal Class. The voltage is higher in the female occlusal class II group, while the voltage is less in the male Class I and II group. This may be responsible for the symmetry index, which shows the predominance of the right-side muscles in all gender and occlusal groups.
The Association Between Masticat The Association Between Masticatory Performance, Or formance, Oral Health al Health Status, and Dental Prostheses in Adults at a Dental Hospital in Jakarta
Authors:   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia, Ariani Ayub Fakhrana , Gita Farisza ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia, Ariani Nina ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Salemba Raya No. 4, Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

Masticatory performance has been studied extensively in the past few decades. Age, gender, the number of teeth in occlusion, occlusal contact area, salivary flow, and neurophysiological deficits influence the masticatory process. The replacement of missing teeth with dental prostheses, whether fixed or removable, is often used to achieve an acceptable level of masticatory performance. Objective: The present study aimed to analyze the association between masticatory performance and age, gender, and oral health status based on the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMF-T) score, denture use, and denture condition in an adult population. Methods: This study included a total of 152 individuals (60 males and 92 females) aged 17 years or older (mean ± standard deviation: 33.4 ± 13.1 years). Masticatory performance was evaluated using color-changeable chewing gum. The chi-squared test was used to assess the association between masticatory performance and age, gender, DMF-T score, dental prosthesis use, and prosthesis condition. Results: Age (p=0.001), missing teeth (p=0.001), and prosthesis use (p=0.011) had significant relationships with masticatory performance. However, the correlations between masticatory performance and gender, tooth decay, fillings, and prosthesis condition were not statistically significant (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Age, missing teeth, and prostheses are strongly associated with masticatory performance.
The Role of Peer Influence on Oral Health Knowledge and Behaviors among Adolescents
Authors:   Dental Research Center, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBMU)., Tehran, IR-Iran, Sadeghipour Roudsari Maryam , Peyman Shariatpanahi Seyed ,   Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Namdari Mahshid ,   Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBMU)., Tehran, IR-Iran, Hossein Khoshnevisan Mohammad ,   Preventive Dentistry Research Center, Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Malek-Mohammadi Mahsa ,   Student Research Committee, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(SBMU), Tehran, IR-Iran
Published: September 2021

Although many researchers, in different social sciences fields, are being attracted to the new potential promotional phenomenon, the influence of peer connections, the literature in dental public health is very poor. Objective: This article investigates the role of peer influence on individuals’ oral health knowledge and behavior among adolescents. Methods: The purpose of the study was to explore the correlation between secondary school students’ oral health u and knowledge within friendship groups. A valid and reliable questionnaire was developed. A total of 421 students (228 boys and 193 girls) aged between 12-13 years old participated in the study. Ordinal regression analysis was used to identify the correlation between an individual’s oral health knowledge and his/her friends. Results: The results demonstrated a strong relationship between students’ oral health behaviors and their peer connections within their friendship groups at school. Specifically, the tooth brushing frequency of a student had a strong correlation with the similar behavior of his/her friends. Also, investigation of the role of the second level connections (friends of one’s friend with no direct connection) showed a significant correlation in brushing behavior. However, the results revealed no strong correlation of oral health knowledge among friends within their social network. Conclusion: This paper highlighted the importance of the role of peer influence on oral health behavior. Understanding the relationship between oral health behavior and social network would help policymakers for more cost-effective oral health promotion programs among adolescents.
Effect of Natural and Industrial Juices on Surface Microhardness of Microhybrid and Nanohybrid Composites
Authors:   Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran, Meshki Razieh , Hoseini Hanieh ,   Department of Dentistry, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences Ahvaz, Iran
Published: September 2021

Numerous studies have been conducted on the effect of various beverages on the mechanical properties of toothcolored materials, however, little is known about the effects of these materials on composites, particularly newer types such as nanocomposites. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the surface microhardness of two types of composites, micro-hybrid (point 4) and nanohybrid (premise), after exposure to natural and industrial juices. Methods: In this experimental study, 90 disc-shaped specimens with a thickness of 2 mm and a diameter of 10 mm were taken from two composites, micro-hybrid Point4 (Kerr) and nanohybrid premise (kerr) (two groups of 45). Then, the specimens of each group were divided into 5 subgroups of 9 and were immersed for 7 days for 6 hours in 5 solutions of industrial orange juice, natural orange juice, industrial pomegranate juice, natural pomegranate juice, and distilled water (control group). Surface microhardness of specimens was measured by Vickers device at baseline, one day and one week after immersing. Data was measured by ANOVA, repeated measure test, and independent t-test. A significant level of α was 0.05. Results: The surface microhardness of two types of composites exposed to beverages was reduced significantly. However, no significant difference was found between natural and industrial juices in none of the composites. Conclusions: Natural and industrial juices can affect the surface microhardness of composites, which varies depending on the type of composite and the type of juice and immersion time.
Comparison of Shaping Ability between Continuous Rotary and Manual Instrumentations in Pediatric Endodontics
Authors:   Department of Pedodontics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Güçyetmez Topal Burcu , Falakaloğlu Seda ,   Department of Endodontics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Faculty of Dentistry, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey, Türkoğlu Hatice ,   Department of Pedodontics, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University,
Published: September 2021

Objective: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of rotary EndoArt Ni-Ti Gold Pedo Kit and K-files in shaping ability, canal transportation, centering ability and instrumentation time in primary molars. Methods: For the study total of 30 extracted primary molars root with minimum 7mm root length were selected. Shaping of root canals in primary molars were done using the two systems, and CBCT and specialized software were used for scanning and analysis of pre-operative and post-operative to evaluate the groups for their shaping properties, apical transportation and preparation time in primary root canals. Results: No differences were found in canal transportation measures and instrumentation time between the two groups (p>0.05). The EndoArt group removed more dentin compared to K-file in all sides of the root curvature. The statistical differences were significant for coronal and middle third of the root (p<0.05). Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, rotary EndoArt Ni-Ti Gold Pedo Kit provided more conical canals than K-files in primary teeth.
Maxillary Implant Placement in a Limited Residual Bone Height
Authors:   Department of Periodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, Indonesia, Kurnia Calvin , Amelia V. Wibisono Jane ,   Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, Indonesia, Dian S. Sumantri Dominica ,   Department of Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Maranatha Christian University, Bandung, 40164, Indonesia
Published: September 2021

The limitation of residual bone height (RBH) and vital structures such as sinuses in the maxillary often make the implant placement procedure becomes complicated. Clinicians may perform sinus elevation prior to implant placement to accommodate the length of the implant fixture. Sinus elevation is an invasive procedure and complication may occur during the surgery including the most frequent complication is perforation of Schneiderian membrane. Objectives: To discuss a comprehensive management of implant placement and its complication step by step from surgical procedures to crown placement Case Report: 67-year-old female patient with partial edentulism in the right maxillary region, presence of sinus septum, and RBH was 4mm. The patient was planned to do sinus elevation surgery prior to implant placement, perforation of the Schneiderian membrane occurred while surgery performed and pericardium membrane was attached around the perforation site. Sinus re-entry and implant placement were performed after 3 months followed by prosthetics procedures in the next 6 month. Conclusion: Dental implant is a complicated treatment and complication may occur during the placement, thus a comprehensive management is very essential to minimize the risk of complications.
Hubungan Paparan Asap dengan Kejadian Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut (ISPA) pada Anak Usia 0-5 Tahun di Wilayah Pertanian Kecamatan Panti Kabupaten Jember
Authors: Wulandari Vivi Oktaviana , Susumaningrum Latifa Aini , Susanto Tantut , Kholis Abdul
Published: September 2021

Background: Acute respiratory infections (ARI) in developing countries at the age of under five have a fairly high prevalence, which relates to air pollution at home, such smoke as firewood, cigarette and mosquito coils.Methods: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between smoke exposure of ARI in age child 0-5 year in agricultural area Panti District, Jember Regency. A case control study design was conducted among grup control 120 and case grup 120 of respondent using stratified random sampling. A self administered questionnaire was used to interview indoor air quality. Chi Square test was perform to analyze the relationship between smoke exposure of ARI.Result: The result identified as exposure to firewood smoke 63.3%, exposure to cigarette smoke 75.8% and exposure to smoke from mosquito coils 68.3%. There were significantly relationship between firewood (χ2 = 5.813; p-value = 0.016), exposure to cigarette smoke (χ2 = 9.094; p-value = 0.004), can immediately bring mosquito coils (χ2 = 4.929; p-value = 0.037). Smoke exposure is relationship with ARI in age child 0-5 year.Conclusion : Therefore, efforts to ARI can be prevented by family who maintain air quality at home.
Hubungan Pengetahuan Dan Kepatuhan Ibu Hamil Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah Dengan Kejadian Anemia Di Kecamatan Leitimur Selatan Dan Teluk Ambon
Authors: Asmin Elpira , Salulinggi Armando , Titaley Christiana Rialine , Bension Johan
Published: September 2021

Background: Anemia is a public health nutritional problem, especially for pregnant women. Anemia in pregnancy can adversely affect the morbidity and mortality of both mother and baby. According to the WHO, the prevalence of anemia in Indonesia was 40.5% in 2015, and 42% in 2016. One of the government's efforts to reduce the rate of anemia is the provision of iron tablets. In Indonesia, the coverage of giving at least 90 tablets during pregnancy in 2017 reached 80.81%. However, in Maluku Province, the coverage of iron supplementation (47.35%) was included amongst the four lowest provinces. This study aims to examine the relationship between pregnant women's knowledge and consumption of iron tablets and anemia in the Districts of South Leitimur and Teluk Ambon. Methods: This research is an analytical study with a cross-sectional approach. The subjects of this study were 165 pregnant women who were taken by purposive sampling.Result: The results showed 50.3% of pregnant women had anemia and only 21.8% complied with taking iron tablets. We found that there was no statistically significant association between pregnant women's knowledge of iron supplementation (p=0.443), as well as compliance with taking iron supplements (p=0.135), and anemia. Nevertheless, the percentage of women with anemia was lower in pregnant women who complied with taking iron supplements than those who did not comply. Conclusion : This study shows that efforts are still required to reduce the prevalence of anemia in Ambon City, including increasing women's compliance to take iron tablets.
The Relationship between Exclusive Breastfeeding and Diarrhea in Under Six Months Infants in 2017 (Analysis of Indonesian Health Demography Data Survey 2017)
Authors: Rusyda Fikriya , Ronoatmodjo Sudarto
Published: September 2021

Background: Diarrhea is the main cause of malnutrition in underfive children. One of the efforts to prevent diarrhea in infants is exclusive breastfeeding. Exclusive breastfeeding is infant that receives only breast milk without any additional consumption from 0 to 6 months. Under six months infant who are not exclusively breastfed have a higher risk of developing diarrhea than those who are exclusively breastfed.Methods: This study aims to determine the relationship between exclusive breastfeeding and the incidence of diarrhea in under six months infants in Indonesia. This study analyze secondary data from the 2017 Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey. The sample in this study consist of all live infants aged 0-6 months born to women aged 15-49 years in Indonesia who were successfully interviewed and had a complete answer (no answer missing). After weighting, 1898 samples were obtained.Result: The result found that the proportion of diarrhea incidence in Indonesia is 9.1%. Meanwhile of all infants, 36% were not exclusively breastfed. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between infants who were not exclusively breastfed and diarrhea incidence in Indonesia after adjusted by mother's education level, maternal employment status, mother’s economic level, area of residence, and latrine ownership (PR = 2.12, 95% CI = 1.46-3.07).Conclusion : Infants who were not exclusively breastfed increase the risk for diarrhea. Therefore it is necessary to have a program to increase the coverage of exclusive breastfeeding. The program can take the form of counseling by health workers in health services.