bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Options for Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder: A Population-Based Study
Authors: Xie Yingwei , Zhang Yishan , Du Zhen , Liu Dan , Yan Wei , Liu Yuexin , Ping Hao
Published: August 2024

Objectives

Signet ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) of the urinary bladder is a rare and highly aggressive form of bladder cancer, with no widely agreed-upon treatment strategy. The aim of this study was to identify important factors influencing patient prognosis and to assess how various treatment approaches affect survival outcomes.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted using data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, including patients with bladder primary SRCC who were presented between 2000 and 2017. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression models were used to examine the impact of various factors on cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS). Propensity score matching (PSM) and inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) were applied to homogenize both groups. The impact of different treatment regimens on patient CSS and OS was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method.

Results

A total of 33 cases of non-muscular invasive SRCC and 210 cases of muscular invasive SRCC were included in this study. Multivariate analysis identified race, TNM stage, and surgical method as independent variables influencing both OS and CSS. In non-muscle invasive bladder SRCC patients, radical cystectomy showed no CSS benefit compared to transurethral resection of bladder tumors ( P = 0.304). For muscle invasive SRCC, patients who underwent partial cystectomy had better OS and CSS compared to those who underwent radical cystectomy ( P = 0.019, P = 0.024). However, after conducting a PSM analysis, the differences between the two surgical outcomes were not statistically significant ( P = 0.504, P = 0.335). Lymphadenectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation did not show any benefit to the prognosis of patients.

Conclusion

This study identified race, TNM stage, and surgical approach as significant independent predictors for SRCC outcomes. Simple radical cystectomy and partial cystectomy proved to be effective treatments for SRCC. The optimal treatment option still needs to be supported by a number of prospective research trials.
Retinoids: Molecular Aspects and Treatment in Premalignant Lesions and Cervical Cancer
Authors: Cortés-Malagón Enoc Mariano , Gariglio Patricio , Sierra-Martínez Mónica , Bonilla-Delgado José
Published: August 2024

Persistent infection with high-risk human papillomavirus remains the primary factor associated with the progression of cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions and the development of cervical cancer. Nevertheless, a combination of factors, including genetic predisposition, immune response, hormonal influences, and nutritional status, contribute synergistically to the development of cervical cancer. Among the various factors involved in the pathogenesis and therapy of cervical cancer, retinoids have gained considerable attention due to their multifaceted roles in different cellular processes. This review investigates defects within the vitamin A metabolism pathway and their correlation with cervical cancer. Additionally, it integrates epidemiological and experimental findings to discuss the potential utility of retinoid-based therapies, either alone or combined with other therapies, as agents against premalignant lesions and cervical cancer.
Response to Health Crises in Africa: Insight From Executing a 2-Year Project in Nigeria
Authors: Muhammad Aliyu , Egbetokun Abiodun Adeyemi , Ibrahim Mohammed Auwal , Okoli Peter Chukwunonso , Sogbanmu Temitope Olawunmi , Ehilen Oseghale Emmanuel , Isah Murtala Bindawa , Mohammed Isah Yakub , Animasaun Isaac Lare , Anjorin AbdulAzeez Adeyemi , Kenechukwu Franklin Chimaobi , Ibrahim Mutiat Bolanle , Ibor Oju Richard , Adesiyan Ibukun Modupe , Umeyor Chukwuebuka Emmanuel , Garba Zaharaddeen Nasiru , Anyanwu Gabriel Oluwabunmi , Ifeanyi-Obi Clara Chionwoke
Published: August 2024

Science advice aids in integrating scientific evidence into policymaking. In Africa, a significant gap exists between science and policy, necessitating high-quality advisory services. The Multifaceted Response Development from Research on COVID-19 in Africa (MURDER COVID-19) project by the Nigerian Young Academy (May 2021–April 2023) aimed to bridge this gap. Project outputs included eight policy briefs, 10 webinars, a hybrid international conference, and a searchable research equipment database. The project effectively dispelled COVID-19 myths, promoted vaccine confidence, and highlighted the need to strengthen health systems and research capacity. The project provides valuable lessons/recommendations and serves as a model for collaborative initiatives addressing health crises and enhancing research capacity.
She-Search: The Fertile Ground of Black Indigenous Methods (BIM) in Qualitative Inquiry
Authors: Farinde-Wu Abiola , Butler Bettie Ray , Williams Deandra
Published: August 2024

Educational research methodologies are often situated in the onto-epistemologies of patriarchal whiteness. Lacking critical emotionality, these designs repress human instinct for the fallacy of scientific objectivity. The life-giving methods and methodologies employed by many Black women educational researchers oppose these positivist designs. In this context guided by our collective “she-searches,” we conceptualize Black indigenous methods (BIMs). Engaging in the Black feminist tradition of storytelling, we recount our application of Black indigenous interview method by “she-telling” our lived raced and gendered experiences with our communities. Thus, we unearth the fertile ground of BIM and offer insight into our methodological sense-making for researchers.
Compression and energy absorption of wood-based reinforced 3D Kagome lattice structures
Authors: Zhang Yufei , Bai Zhongyang , Zhang Yuhui , Hu Yingcheng
Published: August 2024

3D Kagome lattice sandwich structure is recognized as the most excellent lattice configuration. However, the preparation method of 3D Kagome is complicated and the raw materials for its preparation are limited to materials with high plasticity. In this study, we developed a wood-based 3D Kagome lattice structure that combines discrete rods into a continuous core using reinforcement. Orthogonal tests, theoretical analysis, and finite element simulations were performed to investigate the correlation between the dimensional parameters, the mechanical properties, and the energy absorption capacity. The damage modes were found to be mainly bending fracture, core shear, and panel rupture, with the use of reinforcement affecting the damage modes. Compressive properties of the 3D Kagome lattice structure are increased by increasing core diameter and inclination degree, decreasing core in-cut diameter, and using high-strength reinforcements. Finite element simulations further confirm that the use of high-strength reinforcements changes the stress distribution of the lattice structure. The 3D Kagome lattice structure with an inclination degree of 65°, a core diameter of 10 mm, a reinforcement wall thickness of 2 mm, and a core in-cut diameter of 2 mm has the optimal compression performance and energy absorption capacity.
Reckoning with landscape tensions, reflecting on creative methodologies
Authors: Robson Amy
Published: August 2024

In this paper landscape painting is developed as a mode of enquiry through which to explore the tensions inherent to landscape. Set on the high street in a small market town and undertaken by individuals with varying artistic experience, this methodological experiment explores the tensions between the non-representational and representational realms of landscape. By using Elizabeth Grosz’s writings on art, I develop this landscape painting methodology through an understanding of art and artmaking as intensifying sensation. Here, Grosz’s ideas become the foundation for a participatory arts method that decentres the human, whilst remaining focused on the presence of pleasure within landscape. It is by drawing together methodological experimentation and feminist theory that I revisit feminist geographies’ already existing interest in pleasure in/through landscapes through a more-than-representational lens.
National Nursing and Midwifery Commission Act, 2023 in India: Issues and the Way Forward
Authors: Tiwari Surya Kant , Kalyan Geetanjali , Silpa Kannemadugu , Murry L. Levis , Joshi Poonam
Published: August 2024

With the recent enactment of the National Nursing and Midwifery Commission (NNMC) Act, 2023, significant changes are anticipated in the scope of practice and autonomy for registered nurses and midwives in India. However, alongside these anticipated advancements, concerns have emerged regarding various aspects of the Act, necessitating critical examination. In this article, we aim to explore expected changes in nursing education and service and concerns about the NNMC Act, providing insights into the implications of the NNMC Act on the regulation and advancement of the nursing and midwifery profession in India. The Act is anticipated to introduce uniform standards, implement entry and exit examinations, recognize midwifery as a distinct discipline, and determine the scope of practice for nurses and midwives. Moreover, the implementation of the Nurse Practitioner Program and guidelines for its limited prescribing authority is anticipated. Concerns exist regarding the composition of the commission and board members, adequate stakeholder representation, lacking provisions for ensuring continued competence, working conditions of nurses and midwives, nomenclature, integrating new terms, and clearly defining roles. These concerns emphasize the need for viable career pathways, uniform cadres, and a streamlined registration system, crucial for advancing nursing and midwifery profession in India. The coexistence of concerns and anticipation highlights the complexity of enacting regulatory reforms in nursing and midwifery. Policymakers can lay the foundation for a comprehensive, inclusive regulatory system that promotes excellence in nursing and midwifery practice, ultimately benefiting both healthcare providers and patients.
Lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model for obesity early detection using thermal images
Authors: Leo Hendrik , Saddami Khairun , Roslidar  , Muharar Rusdha , Munadi Khairul , Arnia Fitri
Published: August 2024

Objective

The presence of a lightweight convolutional neural network (CNN) model with a high-accuracy rate and low complexity can be useful in building an early obesity detection system, especially on mobile-based applications. The previous works of the CNN model for obesity detection were focused on the accuracy performances without considering the complexity size. In this study, we aim to build a new lightweight CNN model that can accurately classify normal and obese thermograms with low complexity sizes.

Methods

The DenseNet201 CNN architectures were modified by replacing the standard convolution layers with multiple depthwise and pointwise convolution layers from the MobileNet architectures. Then, the depth network of the dense block was reduced to determine which depths were the most comparable to obtain minimum validation losses. The proposed model then was compared with state-of-the-art DenseNet and MobileNet CNN models in terms of classification performances, and complexity size, which is measured in model size and computation cost.

Results

The results of the testing experiment show that the proposed model has achieved an accuracy of 81.54% with a model size of 1.44 megabyte (MB). This accuracy was comparable to that of DenseNet, which was 83.08%. However, DenseNet’s model size was 71.77 MB. On the other hand, the proposed model’s accuracy was higher than that of MobileNetV2, which was 79.23%, with a computation cost of 0.69 billion floating-point operations per second (GFLOPS), which approximated that of MobileNetV2, which was 0.59 GFLOPS.

Conclusions

The proposed model inherited the feature-extracting ability from the DenseNet201 architecture while keeping the lightweight complexity characteristic of the MobileNet architecture.
Impact of contact lens hygiene risk factors on the prevalence of contact lens-related keratitis in Alexandria-Egypt
Authors: Sakr Suzan Ibrahim , Nayel Amira Ahmed , Khattab Ahmed Lotfi , Elhamamsy Waad Mahmoud , Abozaid Islam Abdelmonaem , Awad Ramy , Elkazaz Hager AbdelKhalek , Habeel Christeena Saeed , Samaha Raymond , Ghaith Alaa Atef
Published: August 2024

Background

This study aimed at measuring the effect of contact lens hygiene risk factors on the prevalence of contact lens-related keratitis and identifying the specific risk factors to both microbial and non-microbial keratitis independently.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted at Alexandria Ophthalmology Hospital from May to October 2023. All contact lens wearers attending the outpatient clinic had undergone face-to-face interviews using a standardized validated questionnaire which included demographic data and contact lenses (CLs) hygiene risk factors. Participants were classified into two groups; normal group and keratitis group. Keratitis group was further subdivided into non-microbial and microbial group.

Results

The study included 245 contact lens wearers; 149 normal cases, 50 (20.4%) contact lens-related non-microbial keratitis (CLNK) cases, and 46 (18.8%) contact lens-related microbial keratitis (CLMK) cases. Sharing contact lenses and eye trauma were significant risk factors for both CLNK (p=0.036), (p=0.001) and CLMK (p=0.003), (p=0.017). CLs wear duration for more than 12 hours was associated with an increased risk of CLNK by about 4 times (p=0.030) and overnight wear of contact lenses increased the risk of CLNK by 2.6 times (p=0.030). Showering or swimming in lenses was identified as a significant risk factor for CLMK (p=0.012), moreover washing lenses with tap water increased the risk of CLMK (p=0.030).

Conclusions

Poor compliance with contact lenses hygiene rules results in a high prevalence of contact lens-related keratitis. Eye trauma and sharing contact lenses were significant hygiene risk factors for both contact lens-related non-microbial keratitis and contact lens-related microbial keratitis.
Patient and carer perceptions of video, telephone and in-person clinics for Phenylketonuria (PKU)
Authors: McBride Hannah , Evans Sharon , Pinto Alex , Daly Anne , Ashmore Catherine , Ilgaz Fatma , Ford Suzanne , Buckley Sharon , MacDonald Anita
Published: August 2024

Background

In phenylketonuria (PKU), attending multidisciplinary clinic reviews is an important aspect of life-long care. Since the COVID-19 pandemic, video and telephone clinics are used as alternative methods for people with PKU to have contact with their care team. There is limited research concerning patient preference, experience and perceptions of alternative types of clinic review. Individuals from the UK with PKU and their caregivers were invited to complete an online questionnaire, hosted on the National Society for PKU (NSPKU) website and social media platform.

Results

Data was available from 203 respondents. Forty one per cent of respondents (n = 49/119) preferred in-person clinics; 41% (n = 49) a hybrid of in-person, video and telephone clinics; 9% (n = 11) video clinics only, 6% (n = 7) telephone only and 3% (n = 3) were unsure. The main respondent obstacles to in-person clinics were costs, travel and time, but this was balanced by the benefits of a physical examination and better patient engagement/motivation. Twenty one per cent (n = 36/169) of respondents were uncomfortable with the number of healthcare professionals (HCPs) in a clinic room. Patients were less likely to consult with a doctor on video (64%, n = 91/143) or phone (50%, n = 59/119) reviews compared to in-person (80%, n = 146/183). Issues with video and telephone reviews included the shorter time length of review, distractions, technical issues and poor patient engagement.

Conclusions

Online video and telephone clinic platforms were effective in overcoming the challenging circumstances in management, monitoring and treatment of patients with PKU during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, in-person clinics remain the preferred respondent option. It is important that HCPs are flexible, enabling people with PKU a choice of clinic options according to their individual clinical need and circumstances.
Added predictive value of prehospital measurement of point-of-care lactate in an adult general EMS population in Sweden: a multi-centre observational study
Authors: Magnusson Carl , Herlitz Johan , Axelsson Christer , Höglind Robert , Lökholm Elin , Hörnfeldt Thea Hillberg , Olander Agnes , Björås Joakim , Hagiwara Magnus Andersson , Wennberg Pär
Published: August 2024

Background

Emergency medical services (EMS) personnel must rapidly assess and transport patients with time-sensitive conditions to optimise patient outcomes. Serum lactate, a valuable in-hospital biomarker, has become more accessible in EMS settings through point-of-care (POC) testing. Although POC lactate levels are valuable in specific patient groups, its broader application in EMS remains unclear. This study assessed the additional predictive value of POC lactate levels in a general adult EMS population.

Methods

This prospective observational study (March 2018 to September 2019) involved two EMS organisations in Västra Götaland, Sweden. Patients were triaged using the Rapid Triage and Treatment System (RETTS). POC lactate levels were measured using StatStrip Xpress devices. Non-consecutive patients who received EMS and were aged 18 years and above were available for inclusion if triaged into RETTS levels: red, orange, yellow, or green if respiratory rate of ≥ 22 breaths/min. Outcomes were adverse outcomes, including a time-sensitive diagnosis, sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) score ≥ 2, and 30-day mortality. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, imputation, and regression models to assess the impact of the addition of POC lactate levels to a base model (comprising patient age, sex, presence of past medical conditions, vital signs, pain, EMS response time, assessed triage condition, and triage level) and a RETTS triage model.

Results

Of 4,546 patients (median age 75 [57, 84] years; 49% male), 32.4% had time-sensitive conditions, 12.5% met the SOFA criteria, and 7.4% experienced 30-day mortality. The median POC lactate level was 1.7 (1.2, 2.5) mmol/L. Patients with time-sensitive conditions had higher lactate levels (1.9 mmol/L) than those with non-time-sensitive conditions (1.6 mmol/L). The probability of a time-sensitive condition increased with increasing lactate level. The addition of POC lactate marginally enhanced the predictive models, with a 1.5% and 4% increase for the base and RETTS triage models, respectively. POC lactate level as a sole predictor showed chance-only level predictive performance.

Conclusions

Prehospital POC lactate assessment provided limited additional predictive value in a general adult EMS population. However, it may be beneficial in specific patient subgroups, emphasizing the need for its judicious use in prehospital settings.
Causal relationship between gut microbiota and diabetic complications: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Liu Jinya , Chen Yuanyuan , Peng Cheng
Published: August 2024

Background

Imbalances in gut microbiota (GM) have been proposed as a potential contributing factor to diabetic complications; however, the causal relationship remains incompletely understood.

Methods

Summary statistics were obtained from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of 196 gut microbial taxa, including 9 phyla, 16 classes, 20 orders, 32 families, and 119 genera. These data were then analyzed using mediation Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses to explore the potential mediating effect of diabetes complications risk factors on the relationship between gut microbiota and specific diabetic complications such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), ketoacidosis, and diabetic retinopathy (DR).

Results

In our Mendelian analysis, we observed negative associations between Bifidobacterial order and Actinomycete phylum with DKD in type 1 diabetes (T1D) as well as early DKD in T1D. Conversely, these taxa showed positive associations with ketoacidosis in type 2 diabetes (T2D). In reverse Mendelian analysis, we found that DR in both T1D and T2D as well as ketoacidosis in T2D affected the abundance of Eubacterium fissicaten genus and LachnospiraceaeUCG010 family within the gut microbiota.

Conclusions

Our findings provide compelling evidence for causal relationships between specific GM taxa and various diabetes complications. These insights contribute valuable knowledge for developing treatments targeting diabetes-related complications.
Eco-friendly biotransformation of penicillin G by free and immobilized marine halophilic Bacillus pseudomycoides AH1
Authors: Farag Aida M. , Ghonam Hasnaa E-B. , El-Borai Aliaa M.
Published: August 2024

Background

Several antibiotics are partially metabolized by patients after administration and end up in municipal sewage systems. The fate of biodegradation in aquatic environments and the role of biodegradation in the development of bacterial resistance are poorly understood. Thus, as a crucial step in an environmental risk assessment, the biodegradability of many therapeutically significant antibiotics was investigated.

Results

A marine halophilic bacteria that degrades penicillin G (PEN-G) was isolated and identified based on morphology, physio-biochemical characteristics, and 16S rDNA sequences as Bacillus pseudomycoides AH1 (accession no. MF037698). The effects of various concentrations of PEN-G and carbon and nitrogen sources on the biotransformation ability at 30°C and pH 7.0 were evaluated. Cells grown in medium supplemented with glucose as an additional carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source exhibited maximal PEN-G biotransformation efficiency and rate (71.678% ±1.28 and 2.99 mg/h, respectively). The culture conditions for B. pseudomycoides AH1 cells were optimized using a Plackett–Burman design (PBD). Six key determinants (p < 0.05) significantly affected the process outcome, as deduced by regression analysis of the PBD data, and modified MSM broth achieved PEN-G biotransformation efficiency (100%) under aerobic shaking conditions at 35°C, irrespective of HPLC analysis. Additionally, the present investigation could strongly support the application of immobilization approaches for the removal of PEN-G-contaminated environmental sites.

Conclusion

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first detailed study on the efficient biotransformation of PEN-G by an alginate-bacteria system as a simple, green, and inexpensive process, as well as a promising method.
Study of the effect of green sand properties on thermal conductivity variation of sand mould
Authors: Khalifa Dorsaf , Mzali Foued
Published: August 2024

Thermal conductivity of moulding sands is very poorly known. In addition, the study of thermal conductivity variation of moulding sand as a function of its properties is a crucial step in the prediction of moulding defects. So, this study investigates the effects of moisture content, compactibility and permeability of green sand on its thermal conductivity variation, with a specific focus on the combination of bentonite, sand and water for thermal characterization of the transient hot-bridge (THB) method. Three levels of active clay content were selected: 8.1%, 8.98% and 10.03%. For each level of active clay, different mixes were made by varying the amount of added water. Compactibility, permeability and thermal conductivity tests were carried out for each combination of active clay and moisture contents. The experimental results show that thermal conductivity increases with water content and compactibility for different active clay contents, whereas thermal conductivity decreases with permeability, and this variation is highly significant especially for 8.07% of active clay content.
Nociception level index variations in ICU: curarized vs non-curarized patients — a pilot study
Authors: Bonvecchio Emilio , Vailati Davide , Mura Federica Della , Marino Giovanni
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Pain is a major physiological stressor that can worsen critical medical conditions in many ways. Currently, there is no reliable monitoring tool which is available for pain monitoring in the deeply sedated ± curarized critically ill patients. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the multiparameter nociception index (NOL®) in the critical care setting. We compared NOL with traditionally used neurovegetative signs and examined its correlation with sedation depth measured by bispectral index (BIS®) electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring.

Methods

This retrospective monocentric cohort study was conducted in a general intensive care unit, including patients who required moderate-to-deep levels of sedation with or without continuous neuromuscular blockade. The performance of NOL was evaluated both in the entire studied population, as well as in two subgroups: curarized and non-curarized patients.

Results

NOL demonstrated greater accuracy than all other indicators in pain detection in the overall population. In the non-curare subgroup, all indices correctly recognized painful stimulation, while in the patients subjected to neuromuscular blocking agent’s infusion, only NOL properly identified nociception. In the former group, EEG’s relation to nociception was on the border of statistical significance, whereas in the latter BIS showed no correlation with NOL.

Conclusion

NOL emerges as a promising device for pain assessment in the critical care setting and exhibits its best performance precisely in the clinical context where reliable pain assessment methods are most lacking. Furthermore, our research confirms the distinction between sedation and analgesia, highlighting the necessity for distinct monitoring instruments to accurately assess them.
Incidence of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw in Patients With Breast Cancer During a 20-Year Follow-Up: A Population-Based Multicenter Retrospective Study
Authors: Brunner Christine , Arvandi Marjan , Marth Christian , Egle Daniel , Baumgart Florentina , Emmelheinz Miriam , Walch Benjamin , Lercher Johanna , Iannetti Claudia , Wöll Ewald , Pechlaner Agnes , Zabernigg August , Volgger Birgit , Castellan Maria , Andraschofsky Oliver Tibor , Markl Alice , Hubalek Michael , Schnallinger Michael , Puntscher Sibylle , Siebert Uwe , Schönherr Sebastian , Forer Lukas , Bruckmoser Emanuel , Laimer Johannes
Published: August 2024

PURPOSE

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is one of the most important toxicities of antiresorptive therapy, which is standard practice for patients with breast cancer and bone metastases. However, the population-based incidence of MRONJ is not well established. We therefore performed a retrospective multicenter study to assess the incidence for a whole Austrian federal state (Tyrol).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

This retrospective multicenter study was conducted between 2000 and 2020 at all nine breast centers across Tyrol, Austria. Using the cancer registry, the total Tyrolean population was screened for all patients with breast cancer. All patients with breast cancer and bone metastases receiving antiresorptive therapy were finally included in the study.

RESULTS

From 8,860 patients initially screened, 639 individuals were eligible and included in our study. Patients received antiresorptive therapy once per month without de-escalation of therapy. MRONJ was diagnosed in 56 (8.8%, 95% CI, 6.6 to 11.0) patients. The incidence of MRONJ was 11.6% (95% CI, 8.0 to 15.3) in individuals treated with denosumab only, 2.8% (95% CI, 0.7 to 4.8) in those treated with bisphosphonates only, and 16.3% (95% CI, 8.8 to 23.9) in the group receiving bisphosphonates followed by denosumab. Individuals developed MRONJ significantly earlier when treated with denosumab. Time to MRONJ after treatment initiation was 4.6 years for individuals treated with denosumab only, 5.1 years for individuals treated with bisphosphonates only, and 8.4 years for individuals treated with both consecutively.

CONCLUSION

MRONJ incidence in breast cancer patients with bone metastases was found to be considerably higher, especially for patients receiving denosumab, when compared with available data in the literature. Additionally, patients treated with denosumab developed MRONJ significantly earlier.
Effects of Hormonal Contraception and the Menstrual Cycle on Maximal Strength and Power Performance
Authors: CABRE HANNAH E. , JONIAK KELLY E. , LADAN ALEX N. , MOORE SAM R. , BLUE MALIA N. M. , PIETROSIMONE BRIAN G. , CORTES YAMNIA I. , HACKNEY ANTHONY C. , SMITH-RYAN ABBIE E.
Published: August 2024

Introduction

To evaluate the effects of oral contraceptive (OC) and hormonal intrauterine device (H-IUD) use, compared with an eumenorrheic (EUM) cycle, on maximal strength and power between hormone phases.

Methods

One-repetition maximum (1RM) leg press and bench press, peak force from knee extension and upright row isometric dynamometry, and power from vertical jump height and reactive strength index (cm·s−1) were measured in 60 healthy, active women (mean ± SD; age: 26.5 ± 7.0 yr, body mass index: 23.8 ± 3.0 kg·m−2) who were monophasic OC users for ≥6 months (n = 21), had an H-IUD for ≥6 months (n = 20), or had regularly naturally occurring menstrual cycle for ≥3 months or were using a nonhormonal IUD (EUM; n = 19). Participants were randomly assigned to begin in the follicular phase/placebo pill (low hormone phase (LHP)) or in the luteal phase/active pill (high hormone phase (HHP)) and were tested once in each phase. Estimates of total lean mass (LM), leg LM, and arm LM were measured via dual energy x-ray absorptiometry. Separate univariate ANCOVAs were used to assess the change from HHP to LHP between groups, with LM and progesterone as covariates.

Results

Leg press 1RM was significantly different across phases between groups (P = 0.037), with higher leg press 1RM in the HHP for the OC group (mean difference [∆ HHP − LHP] ± standard error: ∆ 7.4 ± 15.9 kg; P = 0.043) compared with the H-IUD group (∆ −8.9 ± 23.8 kg; P = 0.043). All groups demonstrated similar bench press 1RM, peak force, vertical jump height, and reactive strength index between phases (P > 0.05).

Conclusions

Lower body strength was greater in the HHP for OC users (5.6% increase) suggesting that lower body maximal strength outcomes may be influenced by hormonal contraception type.
Distinct Neural Drives along the Semitendinosus Muscle
Authors: SAHINIS CHRYSOSTOMOS , AMIRIDIS IOANNIS G. , KANNAS THEODOROS M. , FARINA DARIO , ENOKA ROGER M. , KELLIS ELEFTHERIOS
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Conflicting results have been reported on the functional role of the proximal and distal compartments of the semitendinosus (ST) muscle. This study compared the discharge characteristics of motor units (MU) in the two compartments at three knee joint angles (0°: long length; 45°: intermediate length; and 90°: short length).

Methods

Twenty men (21.4 ± 2.3 yr) performed steady isometric contractions with the knee flexors at four target forces: 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% of maximum voluntary contraction. High-density EMG signals were recorded to examine the MU discharge characteristics in the two compartments. Measurements included recruitment threshold, mean discharge rate, coefficient of variation (CoV) for interspike interval, and SD of filtered cumulative spike train (fCST). Additionally, the within- and between-compartment association of the neural drive was calculated.

Results

ANOVA indicated that maximal force, absolute EMG amplitude during the maximum voluntary contractions, and force steadiness (CoV for force) were greater at the longest muscle length than the other two lengths (P < 0.05). Linear mixed models showed that both recruitment threshold and CoV for interspike interval were similar between compartments (P > 0.05) at each of the three knee joint angles. However, the mean discharge rate and the variability in neural drive were greater for the proximal than the distal compartment (P < 0.05). The between-compartment association in neural drive (filtered cumulative spike train) was relatively low.

Conclusions

There were distinct differences in MU discharge characteristics between the proximal and the distal compartments of ST across its operating range of muscle lengths, and each compartment received a relatively distinct neural drive. These findings emphasize the importance of recognizing differences in neural control of the ST compartments to guide related interventions and to inform rehabilitation strategies.
Heat Suit Training Preserves the Increased Hemoglobin Mass after Altitude Camp in Elite Cyclists
Authors: RØNNESTAD BENT R. , ODDEN INGVILL , URIANSTAD TOMAS , HANSEN JOAR , MØLMEN KNUT S. , CARDINALE DANIELE A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Altitude training is a common strategy used with the intent to increase hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) in athletes. However, if the Hbmass is increased during altitude camps, it seems to decline rapidly upon returning to sea level. This study aimed to examine the efficacy of three weekly heat training sessions over a 3.5-wk period after a 3-wk altitude camp on the maintenance of Hbmass in elite cyclists.

Methods

Eighteen male cyclists (maximal oxygen consumption: 76 ± 5 mL·min−1·kg−1) underwent a 3-wk altitude training camp at ~2100 m above sea level. After the camp, participants were divided into one group performing three weekly heat sessions that were subtracted from their usual training (HEAT) while the other continuing usual training (CON). Training characteristics were recorded during the intervention, whereas hematological measurements were recorded before the camp as well as 2 d and 3.5 wk after the altitude camp.

Results

The 3-wk altitude camp led to an overall increase in total Hbmass of 4.1%. Afterward, HEAT maintained Hbmass (0.2%, P = 0.738), whereas CON group experienced a significant reduction (−3.3%, P < 0.001) (ΔHEAT vs ΔCON, P < 0.001). Moreover, HEAT increased plasma volume (PV) by 11.6% (P = 0.007) and blood volume (BV) by 5.8% (P = 0.007), whereas CON only showed an increase in PV (5.5%, P = 0.041). Exercise intensity and training load were not different between groups during the maintenance period.

Conclusions

This study suggests that incorporating three weekly heat training sessions into the usual training routine preserves a moderately increased Hbmass in elite cyclists after an altitude camp.
When is a brain organoid a sentience candidate?
Authors: Birch Jonathan
Published: August 2024

It would be unwise to dismiss the possibility of human brain organoids developing sentience. However, scepticism about this idea is appropriate when considering current organoids. It is a point of consensus that a brain-dead human is not sentient, and current organoids lack a functioning brainstem. There are nonetheless troubling early warning signs, suggesting organoid research may create forms of sentience in the near future. To err on the side of caution, researchers with very different views about the neural basis of sentience should unite behind the “brainstem rule”: if a neural organoid develops or innervates a functioning brainstem that regulates arousal, and leads to sleep-wake cycles, then it is a sentience candidate. If organoid research leads to the creation of sentience candidates, a moratorium or indefinite ban on the creation of the relevant type of organoid may be appropriate. A different way forward, more consistent with existing approaches to animal research, would be to require ethical review and harm-benefit analysis for all research on sentience candidates.
The Care Certificate 3: duty of care
Authors: Ellis Peter
Published: August 2024

This paper provides an overview of what healthcare assistants need to understand about the duty of care—the third standard of the care certificate.
Supplemental data for "Drainage Water Management: A Review of Nutrient Load Reductions and Cost Effectiveness"
Authors: Frankenberger Jane , McMillan Sara , Williams Mark , Mazer Katy , Ross Jared , Sohngen Brent
Published: August 2024

This dataset provides annual nitrogen loads and reductions calculated for the practice of drainage water management (controlled drainage without irrigation) around the world. 
UberHub – Ecossistema de inovação, empreendedorismo e startups de Uberlândia-MG – configuração, resultados e desafios futuros
Authors: Silva Guilherme Augusto Paula , Bueno Janaina Maria
Published: August 2024

Em Uberlândia – MG, um movimento de entidades e de empresas de base tecnológica culminou no desenvolvimento do ecossistema de inovação e empreendedorismo – UberHub. O objetivo com este estudo foi identificar a configuração, as características, a atuação dos agentes envolvidos, os resultados e os desafios futuros do ecossistema UberHub. A pesquisa é exploratória-descritiva, qualitativa, com método de estudo de caso e coleta de dados por pesquisa documental e 12 entrevistas semiestruturadas com representantes dos agentes do ecossistema. Na sua configuração atual, o UberHub pode ser compreendido pelo conceito da quádrupla hélice, ainda que com resultados expressivos, é suscetível à atuação de indivíduos específicos e sofre com descompassos entre seus agentes institucionais, em um estado de desequilíbrio. Evidenciou–se como a dinâmica de interação e protagonismo muda ao longo do tempo de vida de um ecossistema, de forma não-linear e nem gradual, afetada por fatores internos e externos, só sendo possível compreender o ecossistema observando a efetiva participação e importância dos seus agentes. Algumas sugestões foram dadas para criação e aprimoramento de ações e conexões entre os agentes.
The Relational Dynamics of China’s Sharp Power and Korea’s Chordal Triad of Agency
Authors: Chung Youngjune
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Since 2017, the concept of “sharp power” has gained traction within academic and policy circles, further reinforcing the metanarrative of China as a revisionist power. This study aims to substantiate the authoritarian form of sharp power influence that challenges liberal norms by exploring its social functions and restraining mechanisms in action, using South Korea as a case study. The findings underscore that China has projected sharp power through three distinct avenues: political attraction, economic coercion, and cultural socialization. By drawing upon the “chordal triad of agency” framework as elucidated by Emirbayer and Mische (1988), the article proceeds to illustrate three paths of responsive agency within South Korea, operating within and transcending these constraints.
The Clashes Within: How Do Thai Government Agencies and NGOs View China’s Rise?
Authors: Charoensri Narut
Published: August 2024

Abstract: Thailand’s development has been influenced by numerous factors, one of which is its interplay with China. However, the Thai government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) hold different perspectives on China’s role in the Mekong subregion and Thailand. This article aims to analyze the differences in views between the Thai government and NGOs regarding China’s rise in four key areas: the environment, infrastructure development, the economy, and the political rivalry between China and the United States. I argue that Thai officials perceive China’s ascent as an opportunity. It provides Thailand, as a medium-sized country, with more opportunities to receive assistance and engage in trade. Additionally, China can help balance the power of the United States. Conversely, NGOs view China’s rise in the region as a problematic phenomenon.
Ripples Over the Rim: Narrating Dispossession through Asian Diasporic Formations in Ruth Ozeki's A Tale for the Time Being
Authors: Penca Mojca
Published: August 2024

Abstract: This article examines the condition of dispossession as a multi-scalar phenomenon by tracing historical continuities between different forms of transpacific displacement to contemplate how Asian American critique can offer the tools to render deterritorialized identities legible as political entities. Using Ruth Ozeki's A Tale for The Time Being , the article illustrates how Asian North American exclusions serve as a heuristic to interpret environmental displacements post-Fukushima as imperial dispossessions that are related and complementary. In showing how Ozeki expends the category of dispossession by politicizing the spaces of alterity, her text reveals the radical promises of planetary interconnectedness. Reading the rōnin , the unwelcome and ostracized subject of modernity, as the emblematic figure of the outsider allows me to present their social alienation alongside Asian North American experiences of dispossessions. In narrating experiences of social and political dispossession alongside environmental displacements, Ozeki expands the category of the rōnin from one of social to ecological dispossession. As such, the figure of rōnin foregrounds the ways in which these experiences of dispossession are interrelated, interlinked, and interwoven. This inextricability in turn allows for a different articulation of dispossession, one not grounded in a singular place but distributed across a series of sites and scales. I name this methodology of tracing Asian dispossessions across planetary geographies as "trash-nationalism."
Strategies and Tools for Teaching Music Learners about Citations
Authors: Abbazio Jessica M. , Yang Zoua Sylvia
Published: August 2024

abstract: Formatting citations is a task faced by students across all disciplines and at all stages of their academic careers, and the wide variety of content types and formats used in music-related research means that this work can be especially complex for students in music classes. How can library staff teach music students about footnotes and bibliography entries without spending entire sessions pointing out the positions of commas and parentheses, thereby leaving limited time to discuss the relationship of citations to knowledge production? The authors introduce a range of methods for providing instruction on formatting citations, including the implementation of a flipped classroom approach, incorporating interactive tutorials, engaging students with in-class group activities, and providing course instructors with asynchronous learning tools like videos to link from a learning management system. By introducing students to the value of citing their sources and the process of citation creation, library staff can promote long-term retention of relevant concepts while using instruction time efficiently.
Collaborations That Work: Making Connections between Music Library Instruction and Music Theory
Authors: Roush Charles , Roush Katrina
Published: August 2024

abstract: This article explores ways pedagogical approaches in music librarianship and music theory can enhance each other. It emphasizes two broad benefits for students when library instruction is incorporated into music theory courses. First, what music librarians have to offer can be incredibly relevant to music theory instruction. Second, since music majors take music theory early in their degrees, library instruction in these courses allows them to get to know their librarians right away when they enter college. If music librarians provide further instruction and outreach in various ways throughout students' college years, students will be able to see that what they are learning in these sessions is a set of transferrable skills that are not solely useful for one assignment in a single class. This is especially true when teaching information literacy. By drawing on literature from both fields, as well as our own experiences working together, we show how the pedagogical priorities of music theory and music librarianship align. We explain how we have found success in teaching concepts from information literacy as we work toward our shared goals. The article further suggests a number of practical ideas for bridging the gap between music librarians and music theory instructors, including offering flexible options for instruction, team-teaching, and understanding the strengths each person brings to information literacy instruction.
Mapping the Way: Teaching Music Information Literacy in the Contemporary Information Landscape
Authors: Souliotis Maria
Published: August 2024

abstract: Information literacy instruction in the twenty-first century stands at a crossroads of multiple socio-cultural trends, recent technological advances (specifically, artificial intelligence applications and large language models), shifting professional standards, and new developments in local educational settings. It is now necessary for instructors to act as explorers of the information environments in which they live and work, observing and staying cognizant of these developments while utilizing the principles of information ethics as a compass for guiding their work. In this article, the author explains how developments in local settings, combined with the above factors, can serve as an impetus for reinventing information literacy instruction. The author presents a variety of strategies for teaching information literacy in music in both credit-bearing courses and "one shot" instructional sessions that incorporate existing information literacy standards and values in information ethics. Curriculum mapping is highlighted as a strategy for planning and codifying pedagogical strategies while keeping lesson planning adaptable and responsive to specific learning needs. Recommendations for other instructors acknowledge that the process of delivering effective information literacy instruction in music is ongoing; success will depend upon how instructors choose to respond to contemporary societal developments and the educational needs of students and colleagues at their respective institutions.
Improvements on speed, stability and field of view in adaptive optics OCT for anterior retinal imaging using a pyramid wavefront sensor
Authors: Brunner Elisabeth , Kunze Laura , Laidlaw Victoria , Jodlbauer Daniel , Drexler Wolfgang , Ramlau Ronny , Pollreisz Andreas , Pircher Michael
Published: August 2024

We present improvements on the adaptive optics (AO) correction method
using a pyramid wavefront sensor (P-WFS) and introduce a novel
approach for closed-loop focus shifting in retinal imaging. The
method’s efficacy is validated through in vivo
adaptive optics optical coherence tomography (AO-OCT) imaging in both,
healthy individuals and patients with diabetic retinopathy. In both
study groups, a stable focusing on the anterior retinal layers is
achieved. We further report on an improvement in AO loop speed that
can be used to expand the imaging area of AO-OCT in the slow scanning
direction, largely independent of the eye’s isoplanatic patch.
Our representative AO-OCT data reveal microstructural details of the
neurosensory retina such as vessel walls and microglia cells that are
visualized in single volume data and over an extended field of view.
The excellent performance of the P-WFS based AO-OCT imaging in
patients suggests good clinical applicability of this technology.