bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Joe Biden Administration’s efforts to transform/restore the world order in the context of American rules
Authors:   Volgograd State University, Sokov Ilya A.
Published: December 2024

The article shows the efforts and approaches of Joe Biden’s US administration together with the US allies to preserve American hegemony in the world. Americans and their allies oppose the developing countries that disagree with the liberal world order established by the developed countries. The study aims to systematize the existing approaches of the current American administration in conducting foreign policy, as well as to identify the strategic and tactical tools which are used. The study’s objectives are to clarify the theoretical basis of the American Joe Biden doctrine, the practice of its application and the possible consequences of its use in conditions of growing multipolarity and multilateralism. The study’s methodology is based on the method of evaluating competing hypotheses, which made it possible to compare the opinions of various foreign experts on the subject under research. Another method was the domestic method of situational analysis. The situational analysis made it possible to assess the international political development that has developed in the world over the period of the 21st century as a result of the activities of integral dynamic subsystems in the international relations system, to understand the evolution of these subsystems, to obtain research results and draw conclusions on the topic under study. The foreign sources and literature were used as the materials for this study, the analysis of which allowed applying the above methodology. A systematic approach was used as a methodological approach. The analyses of foreign studies over the past decade of the 21st century as well as documents of the legislative and executive authorities during Joe Biden’s presidency revealed the study’s novelty, which lies in the author’s results and conclusions. The study’s results and conclusions were the author’s statements that the doctrinal foundations of the Joe Biden administration’s foreign policy to revive American hegemony remain the intention to exercise global power from a position of strength, using military alliances with its partners as help, and the creation of tensions regional hotbeds far from its borders. The United States is absolutely confident that it is at the beginning of hegemony’s third era when the US is adapting to a new period of competition in an era of interdependence and transnational challenges. This phases results in Americans opinion will be determined by the USAs own choice. The author of the article considers that the United States is still in thrall to its ideological illusions not realizing that Americas position in the contemporary world is determined not so much by the United States strength as by the unwillingness of new power centers to organize the global governance based on multipolarity and multilateralism.
Changes in indicators of the psycho-emotional state and anxiety levels of the National Research Tomsk State University students studying physical culture and sports
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Ezhova Galina S. , Shilko Viktor G. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

The study aims to examine the psycho-emotional states and anxiety levels of students studying physical culture and sports at the National Research Tomsk State Univeristy (NR TSU) in the departments of therapeutic physical culture and general physical training. The study involved first-, second; and third-year students of the Faculty of Philology and the Institute of Law of NR TSU aged 18 to 20, studying in the departments of general physical training (basic and preparatory medical group), (30 males and 30 females), and therapeutic physical culture (30 males and 30 females). The study was conducted at the Faculty of Physical Education of NR TSU during physical exercise classes according to the program of the academic discipline “Physical Culture and Sports”. The research included the study and assessment of the psycho-emotional state, as well as the level of anxiety of the subjects using the SAN and Spielberger-Hanin tests. The assessment of students psycho-emotional states using the SAN test was carried out twice, during one lesson (before the start and after its end) and throughout the year (in the first and second halves). After assessing the initial level of students psycho-emotional states using the SAN test before the start of classes, all subjects performed physical activity in accordance with the plans developed for students of the listed departments, after which re-testing was carried out and the data obtained were compared with subsequent analysis. In contrast to the SAN test, the assessment of the levels of anxiety of the subjects was carried out at the beginning and after the end of the school year only before the start of classes, in a state of relative rest. The results were compared using the method of mathematical statistics. The monitoring of the subjects psycho-emotional states allowed us to assume that certain patterns in changes in the indicators in both groups after the end of the school year are at the level of a weakly expressed positive trend with a plus sign, which shows that its average level with slight fluctuations in one direction or the other during the year is supported by the influence of physical exercise. Levels of personal anxiety among representatives of both groups turned out to be at a fairly high level. This problem indicates the need to introduce a whole complex of new means and methods for minimizing stress conditions of this contingent of students in the educational process in the discipline “Physical Culture and Sports”, taking into account their states of health and physical fitness.
Staffing of physical culture and sports in the first decade after the establishment of Soviet power in Crimea
Authors:   V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Mutiyev Andrey V.
Published: December 2024

Based on the analysis of archival documents, the article examines the issues of staffing physical culture and sports in Crimea in the first decade after the establishment of Soviet power from the 1920s to the 1930s. The study used general theoretical and general historical methods. The main source base of the study was the office documentation of the Soviet governing bodies of physical culture and sports in Crimea from the funds of the State Archive of the Republic of Crimea. The quantitative and qualitative indicators of specialists who carried out physical culture and sports activities during the analyzed period were examined. In the first decade after the establishment of Soviet power in Crimea, there was disunity and heterogeneity of the physical culture movement. At the same time, there was a high level of demand for physical education personnel with a significant shortage of them and a low level of qualification of the bulk of the employees involved. In the absence of specialized educational institutions for physical culture in Crimea, the main form of training and advanced training were voluntary associations of physical education workers and short-term courses, through which they tried to fill the shortage of personnel in the field of physical culture and improve the skills of existing workers. However, the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the staffing of the industry in Crimea, due to the lack of planning, consistency and proper material support, only decreased. In the early 1930s, the physical culture movement began to acquire the features of a system that ensures a close relationship between physical culture and labor and defense activities. At the same time, the personnel problem was brought to a completely new level, and a systematic approach was being established to solve it in the training, accounting, distribution and consolidation of physical education personnel. This approach assumed mass training of instructors of various qualifications in accordance with quotas for people from the working-peasant environment, representatives of the indigenous population of Crimea and national minorities. Due attention was paid to the preparation for the opening of a college of physical culture in Crimea, as well as to the material provision of personnel training. These measures were designed to reverse in the shortest possible time the difficult situation in the staffing of the physical education industry that developed during the first decade of the existence of Soviet power in Crimea.
Machine-readable law and its role in the functioning of marketplaces
Authors:   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, Aksenov Vadim A. , Odintsov Stanislav V. ,   Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia
Published: December 2024

The development trend of information technology and digital economy forms the task aimed at developing approaches to the legal understanding of the phenomenon of machine-readable law. The article considers machinereadable law as a key element of LegalTech and the interaction of machine-readable law with new emerging phenomena such as marketplaces. The main aim of the research is to define the essence of machine-readable law and establish its role in the functioning of marketplaces. An additional aim is to reveal the issues of machine-readable law. The work studied the key doctrinal approaches of Russian and foreign scientists, legal acts of state bodies of the Russian Federation and other states, as well as the practice of applying the technologies of machine-readable law. Machine-readable law is a relatively new phenomenon, although it dates back to the second half of the 20th century, as a result of which there is no unambiguous understanding of this term in legal science. Some scientusts understand machine-readable law as a set of legal norms that have the property of being automatically read by a machine. Others, to put it simply, understand machine-readable law as “technology”. The study concludes that machine-readable law should be considered in narrow and broad senses while noting that understanding also depends on the way in which machine-readable law will develop. The work raises the issues of machine-readable law and the possibilities of its application in the functioning of marketplaces. It reveals the difficulties of developing ontologies in machine-readable law, which lie in the ambiguity of interpretations of various legal categories, while theoretically the formal language of machine-readable law is much more sensitive to various kinds of collisions. The problem of choosing the most optimal machine-readable format from the technologies of natural language processing (NLP) to more easily perceived machine formats XLM, JSON is analyzed. The moral problem of robotization of legal acts from the position of the philosophy of law is touched upon. Based on the consolidation of the obtained research results, a number of directions for the application of machinereadable law in the functioning of marketplaces have been formed. The use of machine-readable law resources will enhance the functionality of marketplaces, including ensuring reliability, safety, and compliance with laws. In particular, as already noted, these tools of cross-cutting technologies can be used to optimize the processes of filtering and classifying goods (services), accompanying transactions, processing complaints, and resolving disputed legal relations within the corresponding online platform.
High-tech crimes: conceptual foundations of forensic investigation methodology
Authors:   Altai State University, Polyakov Vitaly V.
Published: December 2024

The conceptual ideas underlying the construction of forensic methodology of investigation of high-tech crimes are considered, the emergence and rapid spread of which is due to the digital revolution that has taken place in recent decades. For this group of criminal acts the system of forensic investigation techniques is described, presented in the form of two interrelated components (subsystems). Such components are criminalistic characteristics of high-tech crimes and criminalistic characteristics of their investigation. The composition of the main structural elements included in each of these subsystems is delineated. The structure of criminalistic characteristics, reflecting the totality of interrelations and interdependencies between these elements, is revealed. For the criminalistic characteristic of high-tech crimes, the sets of elements inherent both in all crimes and reflecting the peculiarities of certain groups of criminal acts are identified. The introduction of an additional optional set of elements characterizing the counteraction to the investigation is justified for the analyzed crimes. The composition of these elements is described, including, first of all, subjects of counteraction and ways of counteraction. In the case of a criminalistic characterization of crime investigation, the fundamental importance of periodization of criminalistic activity is shown. The specific features of this activity for the investigation of high-tech crimes, which determine the criminalistic characteristics of individual stages chronologically following each other, are considered. Such stages include the verification stage, preliminary investigation, trial, and the optional stage of resumption of proceedings due to new or newly discovered circumstances. The role of the situational approach is described, which ensures the identification of the structure and composition of the criminalistics characteristic of the investigation. As structural elements of the criminalistic characteristics of the investigation, the following are considered: criminalistic situations, determined criminalistic versions, criminalistic actions, forensic examinations, and the optional criminalistic methods of overcoming obstruction to investigation. The described concept is intended for the investigation of criminal acts included in the criminalistic group of high-tech crimes; its main provisions can also be used in the investigation of other crimes characterized by increased forensic complexity.
“Grachevsky ostrich”: Maxim Gorky and his publishing environment in The Fatal Eggs by Mikhail Bulgakov
Authors:   Derzhavin Tambov State University, Kolchanov Vladimir V.
Published: December 2024

The aim of the article is to analyze the relationship between Mikhail Bulgakov and the “first proletarian writer” Maxim Gorky since the return of the latter from emigration in 1928. For various reasons, these relations in literary studies have not been fully identified and the points of contact and repulsions in them have not been established. Meanwhile, Bulgakovs views on “Gorky as a man” and his role in the social process of the epoch, reflected in his works, can contribute to solving the problem of the artists’ mutual alienation. Therefore, the work uses not only biographical and historical-cultural methods, but also socio-economic and political commentaries. The material is the novel The Fatal Eggs and a feuilleton-like fragment from it. The study shows Gorky’s activities during his trips to the “renewing” country in the summer of 1928, describes the underground publishing and printing environment before the revolution and the publishing environment in the first two five-year plans of the national economy’s collectivization and industrialization. From the allusions of the story, using examples of historical and literary facts and information from the periodical press (the central newspapers Izvestia and Pravda), the alleged place of Gorky’s stay in Moscow in the summer of 1928 is sought, and the historical, socio-economic and political subtexts of the work are revealed: the first anti-alcohol campaign; the first demonstrative purges of the grassroots party apparatus and the lower management level in agriculture, industry and law enforcement agencies; the first experiment to create a giant collective farm in Smolensk province; the first public judicial and political trial – “The Case of the Economic Counter-Revolution in Donbass” (the so-called “Shakhty case”); the first plan for the construction of refrigerators in the country with a description of the structure of the “egg chamber”. These real events turn out to be encrypted in the story and represent allegories, attributive arguments and mystification at the same time: fantastic incidents in April–August 1928, allegedly seen from 1924. It is concluded that the work, traditionally considered by literary criticism as a response-satire on the death of Vladimir Lenin, changes in the country after the October and written in October 1924, was revised by Bulgakov in the 1930s. The revision was carried out for several reasons: the writer’s failed attempt to go abroad in the spring and summer of 1930 due to increased harassment by writers’ organizations and Stalin’s personal order to the talented writer to create a myth about a hero in the story, who will unexpectedly appear and save everyone at the time of the death of humankind mired in sins. The revision was facilitated by the coincidence of Stalin’s and Bulgakovs aesthetic views and literary and genre preferences.
The evolution of the media concept “Maidan” in the Russian mass media
Authors:   Kemerovo State University, Kondratyeva Olga N. , Khodasevich Elena М. ,   Kemerovo State University
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the study of a media concept in the dynamic perspective. The research is carried out in the framework of the cognitive and discursive approach. The aim of the study is to explore the main life cycle stages of the media concept “Maidan”. This concept turned out to be the main issue of the modern political conceptual sphere. The Russian media texts which were extracted from the newspaper sub-corpus of the Russian National Corpus, from the Medialogia system, and from Yandex. News serve as the material for the analysis. The time period for the analysis is 2000–2022. The corpus method, content analysis, component analysis, conceptual analysis, and discourse analysis were used while collecting and interpreting the speech material. The authors establish extra-linguistic and inter-linguistic factors which determine the development of the media concept “Maidan”, point out the strong correlation between the Ukrainian and world political events and the stages in the evolution of the concept. The following stages are singled out and described in the life cycle of the media-concept “Maidan”: proto-stage, onset and growth, growth and maturity, cultural stability. The characteristics of each stage include: the analysis of frequency, derivational activity and semantics of the main media concept’s representative, the study of the media writers’ reflexive activity and the description of the media concepts axiological, discursive and text features. The authors demonstrate that the functioning of the media concept “Maidan” is characterized by significant changes in the ways of its linguistic representation, the growth of the recurrence of the keyword and the diversity of its derivatives. The semantic structure of the keyword and the conceptual layer of the media concept are changing, which is manifested in the emergence of new politicized meanings, which, moving into the nuclear zone, acquire the status of the main ones. The development of the media concept is accompanied by a complication of the forms of metalinguistic reflection (from metalinguistic definition and commentary to metalinguistic interpretation and paraprofessional reflection). The transition from the axiological ambivalence of the media concept to the monovalent (negative nature) is also recorded. The social significance of the media concept, initially manifested in the increase in the frequency of use of its representatives in the media and in the fashion for the word, gradually leads to the textogenicity of the media concept and its gradual penetration into other types of discourse. The authors come to the conclusion that the word ‘maidan’ has transformed from a recondite place-name to an urgent political media concept which is at the core of the modern discursive practices. The methodology of the media concept “Maidan” description suggested by the authors can be employed for the study of other media concepts’ life cycles.
Thematic repertoire of contemporary value studies based on computational social science methods
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Liventsova Evgeniya Yu. , Kashpur Vitaly V. ,   Tomsk State University, Dunbinsky Il’ya A. ,   Tomsk State University, Goiko Vyacheslav L. ,   Tomsk State University, Aleksandrova Yuliya K. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

Currently, there is a shortage of publications that would meaningfully present the experience of comprehensive studies of value orientations of the population using methods of computational social sciences (CSS). This article contains an attempt to analyze the thematic repertoire of studies related to the identification and measurement of value orientations of the population, which are based on CSS methods. The research material was publications retrieved from the OpenAlex search engine for world scientific publications, as well as scientific libraries GoogleScholar, Еlibrary.ru, CyberLeninka, and ResearchGate. This review includes the results of a meaningful analysis of 140 publications published between 2010 and 2023 (79 foreign and 61 Russian). Thus, four thematic groups have been identified. The first group presents the results of ranking the value orientations of the population. The second contains studies reflecting the relationship between religious ideas and value orientations. The third is a study of the value of family. The fourth contains studies that represent the value of nature for humans. It is shown that Russian researchers more often choose the VKontakte platform as a source of data, less often Twitter and open data (for example, search queries in Yandex). Foreign researchers, in turn, widely use open data, various platforms, including administrative ones, as well as various social networks (Instagram, Twitter, Facebook), and photographs on Instagram. In the Russian segment, studies on specific local communities and value orientations of subscribers are quite popular, while in the West, a news feed or a specific hash tag is often taken as a basis. It has been proven that CSS methods make it possible to carry out both crosssectional measurements of the value orientations of the population and to study the dynamics of their development. Two vectors of Russian research have been identified, associated with (1) the study of the basic, terminal values of the population and their changes over time, and (2) the identification, measurement and ranking of value orientations, including those of young people. It has been determined that in Russian discourse the most popular studies are around family, a basic terminal value. It is concluded that research related to the representation of traditional and basic values for the country (patriotism, citizenship, the priority of the spiritual over the material, etc.) is relevant for Russian science.
Voluntary labor migrants in the timber industry of Molotov Oblast in the 1950s: pull factors
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Glushkov Aleksandr V.
Published: December 2024

In the late 1940s–1950s, thousands of labor migrants arrived in Molotov Oblast of the USSR to work in the local timber industry. This process became part of a broad government campaign to redistribute labor within the country. However, the resettlement was voluntary, which inevitably led to extensive campaigns to attract personnel. For Molotov Oblast, the “donor” regions were Kaluga and Gorky Oblasts of the RSFSR, the Chuvash and Mordovian Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republics, as well as a number of regions of the Byelorussian SSR. Therefore, the campaign, carried out by regional and district authorities, was primarily aimed at residents of these regions. The aim of the study is to analyze the factors influencing their choice to migrate. The article is based on a wide range of sources, which include materials from three archives (State Archive of Perm Krai, Perm State Archive of Social and Political History, and Komi-Permyak District State Archive) – decisions, protocols, memos and other office documents – that shed light on the progress of the resettlement campaign. The second group of sources is materials from periodicals, in particular, the newspaper Lesnik Prikamya [Forester of the Kama Region], the official press organ of the Molotovles plant. The third group of sources is propaganda materials on the topic of resettlement, published in Molotov Oblast in the 1950s. These materials allow us not only to draw a conclusion about the approximate number of migrants who arrived in Molotov Oblast, the scale of return migration, and the progress of improvement of forest settlements, but also to identify a number of factors that had the greatest influence on the resettlement process. First of all, this is an opportunity to improve the financial situation of the family, which was achieved both by direct benefits (payments, loans, etc.) and by high earnings at a new place of work. Secondly, although the general progress of improvement in places of resettlement did not keep pace with the development of the industry, potential migrants were not informed about this, expecting comfortable conditions for work, life and leisure. Thirdly, based on propaganda materials, we can conclude that an additional motive for resettlement could have been the desire to help the homeland: patriotic motives in the postwar period continued to play an important role in public life. Finally, we can highlight the “adventure” component of migration: the mysterious forest region from Pavel Bazhovs fairy tales, rich in “green gold”, attracted migrants from central Russia, although this could hardly serve as the main motive. The action of all of these factors was impossible without active agitation and propaganda in places where migrants were recruited; therefore, the mid-1950s in the USSR saw the peak of agitation campaigns aimed at potential migrants.
FORMS OF SACRAL ARCHITECTURE OF THE ORIGINAL AUSTRALIANS
Authors:   Institute of China and Contemporary Asia of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Babaev Kirill V.
Published: December 2024

Aboriginal Australian art, the longest unbroken art tradition in the world, has attracted much attention of scientists seeking to discover roots of the classical art traditions which obviously all come from our hunter-gatherer past. The importance of the aboriginal art for the world art studies is valued quite high mostly because it helps to shed light on the prehistory of the classical art, to identify archaic elements in the art of the ancient Near East, Antiquity and European Middle Ages. While we are limited by archaeological data in the studies of the Stone Age art of Europe or Asia, in Australia scholars have gained access to study the living tradition of the Stone Age art, working together with its masters and getting first-hand explanations of various phenomena, methods and forms of the art. The paper aims at briefly summarising and analysing certain methods and forms of the organisation of sacral landscape and architecture of autochthonic ethnic groups of Australia which are then compared with the most archaic forms of architectural art forms of Eurasian peoples and civilisations. This goal appears to be quite important for the modern art studies since it contributes to improving the methods of architectural anthropology – a discipline studying the architectural forms of traditional societies. It will also allow to extract most archaic elements in human architectural development and possibly reconstruct the ways architecture was shaping around the globe. These issues are quite essential for the scientific art studies, especially within the growing trend of integrating traditional art forms into contemporary art. The issue of diachronic development of various forms of hand-made landscape, the origins of certain basic terms of landscape architecture is on the agenda of many researchers which makes the topic rather important. The paper presents a brief introduction into the views the Australian aborigines have on “our own land” as a sacred landscape created by the first ancestors and modified by the people. Most important forms of landscape planning and primary architecture are then described. Finally, these forms – the first attempts of the human being to construct and modify the land – are being compared to more developed albeit ancient forms of architecture and landscape design of man in Europe, Asia and Northern Africa. The author concludes that a number of basic forms of sacral architecture similar to those constructed by aboriginal Australians may in fact have served as a foundation for wellknown ancient types of structures of Eurasia including henges in Europe and Northern Asia (of which Stonehenge is best-known). Moreover, first sedentary settlements built in the Fertile Crescent in the Neolithic Age may also have resulted from sacred sites similar to those erected by the first Australians.
HISTORICAL FOUNDATIONS OF MUSICAL AND PERFORMING SEMANTICS
Authors:   Nizhny Novgorod State Conservatory M.I. Glinka, Kvashnin Konstantin A.
Published: December 2024

The article deals with the fundamental foundations of musical and performing semantics, which operated in an extensive historical period of time: from the era of primitive society to the end of the XVIII century. The relevance of our work lies in the study of the permanent nature and functioning of such constituent aspects of the content of musical art as the theory of affects and musical rhetoric. Despite the different period of their emergence, these basics of the semantics of musical performance not only effectively influenced the psychology of human perception of music, but also determined the most important directions and styles of this art form. The reason for such a long use of these aspects by composers was their psychological nature, which was directly in direct connection with the processes of human perception and thinking, causing an accurate and subtle understanding of the slightest intonation and semantic changes in music. It was to these questions that philosophers and music theorists of various times, such as Plato, Aristotle, I. Cotton, J. Tsarlino, R. Descartes, M. Mersenne, A. Kircher, I. Matteson and many other researchers. The purpose of our work is the correct ideas about the historical formation and development of the fundamental structural aspects that determine the semantics of the musical and performing arts. This goal involves the solution of problems related to the introduction into modern practice of educating musicians-instrumentalists of the skills of semantic analysis of musical works for the implementation of highly artistic images. The scientific development of the problem of semantics of musical performance in our time began in the middle of the XX century. And over the past period of time, a significant number of works of theoretical and practical directions have appeared. However, our article is devoted to the study of the historical path of musical semantics in its most active period of development, namely until the beginning of the XIX century, since since the era of Romanticism, musical theory has undergone significant changes. The artistic method of Romanticism discovered a new, previously unused method in the presentation of artistic images, in which it became possible to display real reality by the most diverse and possible means of musical expression. And under these conditions, the theory of affect and musical rhetoric have lost their artistic potential. The main methods of our research are the methods of search and comparative analysis, which made it possible to determine the structural components of the object, their features of origin and development, as well as to identify their scientific and theoretical foundations that determine the aesthetic and philosophical state of the musical and performing art in different cultural and historical eras.
IKEBANA OF 20TH CENTURY: AESTHETICS OF OHARA SCHOOL AND SOGETSU SCHOOL
Authors:   Ural State University of Architecture and Art, Tretyakova Maria S. , Philonenko Nadezhda S. ,   Ural State University of Architecture and Art
Published: December 2024

Although the art of ikebana has spread in Russia in the 1960s, the aesthetics of ikebana rarely becomes the subject of scientific reflection in our country. The aim of this study is to analyze the aesthetic basics of the two main modern schools of ikebana, Ohara and Sogetsu, and find out the difference between them. In the study we raise the problems of modern ikebana and accordingly turn to the idea of ‘living form’ in traditional Chinese and Japanese flower arrangement. The basics of the aesthetics of the Ohara school were laid in the Meiji era (1868–1912), when European flowers began to be brought to Japan, and the influence of the Western floral tradition began. Because the European flowers were cut quite shortly, the founder of the school, Ohara Unshin (1861–1917), created one of the styles of modern ikebana, called moribana, flowers in a low vase (moribana was first shown in 1897). At that time, the sencha-do tea ceremony was popular in Japan and the flowers for it inherited the tradition of the Chinese literati. Therefore, in the Ohara school, the bunjin-cho or ‘flowers of literati’ also appeared. These flowers use meigogadai, theme from Chinese painting or poems. Thus, we can say, that the basis of the aesthetics of the Ohara school is a combination of Japanese and Chinese aesthetic traditions with European classics and, to a lesser extent, with the avant-garde. The Sogetsu school appeared later, when the avant-garde came to Japan: Teshigahara Sofu (1900–1979) founded the school in 1927. In addition to the moribana, the school has nageire, flowers in a tall vase. Initially, ‘nageire’ was flowers for the tea ceremony with Buddhist taste cha-no yu and historically opposed the classical ikebana. In the Sogetsu, ‘nageire’ was renewed or reimagined and united with the avant-garde. Avant-garde flower arrangements that actively use non-vegetative elements, plastic, paper, fabric, metal cans and pipes, are called zen’eika, ‘avant-garde flowers’. Thus, we can say, that the aesthetics of the Sogetsu school is a combination of Buddhist aesthetics with the avant-garde. Although the Ohara and Sogetsu schools have deep aesthetic foundations, under the influence of Western flower arrangement, traditional Japanese aesthetics are fading, the boundaries between ikebana and non-ikebana are blurring, and ikebana is becoming more understandable to Westerners, more boring. Therefore, we believe that the dialogue with the original ikebana is more promising, because there we can see the idea of a ‘living form’, when it was necessary to capture the ‘liveness of the living’, and there the form was perceived as a ‘force-form’, through which, like blood vessels, the ‘life energy’ flows. It is noteworthy that researchers and florists in China are now trying to return to this idea.
MEMORIALS OF CHINESE CULTURE IN THE COLLECTIONS OF G.N. POTANIN
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Golev Ivan A. , Dmitrienko Nadezhda M. ,   Tomsk State University
Published: December 2024

Grigory Nikolaevich Potanin’s research and collecting activities in Central Asia were considered by such researchers as E.I. Chernyak, T.V. Rodionova, as well as the authors of this article N.M. Dmitrienko, I.A. Golev and others. For a more complete coverage and concretization of Potanin’s scientific work, it is necessary to consider the insufficiently studied question about the memorials of Chinese culture in his collections. The solution of the problem involves turning to the experience of Potanin’s military service in the Siberian Cossack Army, during which Potanin first appeared in the Chinese city of Ghulja and was fascinated by the views of the city. Transferred to Omsk, he got acquainted with some archival documents and acquired the first information on Chinese history of the 18th century. The authors of the article argue that the interest of G.N. Potanin in Chinese culture and history, formed in his youth, found expression in the collection and study of natural science and historical and cultural memorials. Reliance on authentic historical sources allows us to talk about the collection of plants collected by Potanin in the Chinese-Russian border region of Tarbagatai. This collection was the first in the formation of the funds of the Botanical Museum of the Imperial Tomsk University. It has been preserved to this day in the Herbarium of Tomsk State University. Grigory Potanin collected the second large collection of objects of Buddhist culture during scientific expeditions to China in the 1880s and 1890s. He became the governor of the East Siberian Department of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society and at the same time – the head of the Irkutsk Museum and in 1889 organized the country’s first museum exhibition of Buddhist memorials. It is known that the Buddhist memorials collected by Potanin – statuettes of deities and icons – are also kept in the Department of Manuscripts and Book memorials of the Scientific Library of Tomsk State University. The authors believe that the Potanin collection of memorials of Chinese culture in Tomsk has not lost its scientific significance and needs careful study and publication.
FORMATION OF PALEONTOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS OF THE IMPERIAL TOMSK UNIVERSITY (1880–1916)
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Karachencev Ivan S.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of this article is to reconstruct the process of the formation and use of paleontological collections at Imperial Tomsk University, from the moment when the first specimens were received until 1917. The problem is solved by analyzing laws on universities, archival documents, reports on the state of universities, and journals of university councils. It is known that Tomsk State University was founded in 1888, consisting only of a medical faculty, but along with medical departments, departments of physics, chemistry, mineralogy, botany and zoology were also opened, under which museums and research laboratories were created. A mineralogical museum was headed by Professor A. Zaitsev and the curator was appointed Candidate of Physics and Mathematics A. Derzhavin. Paleontological specimens for the Tomsk University museums were first received in 1890, most often as private donations. Before the opening of the university, a whole range of scientifically systematized collections were donated, equipped with lists and catalogues. Among these collections, one can mention the collections of P. Ivanov, the mining engineer, Duke Leuchtenberg and Professor G. Trautschold. After the university opened, private donations continued, but another way of replenishing the paleontological collection was through scientific expeditions by university staff, from which they transported various fossils and mammoth bones. In addition to the mineralogical museum, some of the paleontology collections were also housed in the zoological museum. Fossils were presented in showcases whereas the bones of mammoths and prehistoric rhinoceros were exhibited on special stands and shelves. Work began from the very first day on the systematisation of collections in the museum’s mineralogy office and the inventory books of the museum were compiled. The systematization and research of collections made it possible to include fossils studies in the university curriculum. In summary, it should be noted that Imperial Tomsk University has the richest paleontological collection, which was formed through donations from university staff and other people. Proper storage and organization of fossils allow them to be used for educational and research purposes and they will determine in the future the creation of an independent paleontological museum at Tomsk State University.
“THE ART WORLD” AS A SOCIAL SYSTEM IN THE PERSPECTIVE OF A VISUAL ARTISTS PROFESSIONAL CAREER
Authors:   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Gorobets Evgeniya V.
Published: December 2024

This study embarks on an insightful exploration of the contemporary “world of art,” focusing on analyzing it through the lens of a professional artist. It aims not merely to outline the theoretical aspects but also to provide an actionable framework that could assist aspiring artists in navigating their professional journey within the labyrinthine structure of modern visual arts. By performing a meticulous review of existing career development models in the Anglophone academic discourse, the research amplifies the foundational knowledge in the subject, linking theories to practical implications. A unique aspect of an artist’s career is its inherent flexibility and autonomy, standing in stark contrast to traditional corporate career paths that are often strictly regulated. However, this freedom comes with its complexities and challenges, warranting the necessity for professional artists to engage in a broad spectrum of personal and professional interactions with multiple stakeholders – both institutional and market-based – without being tethered to a particular agent. To categorize and understand the functions and roles of these various elements within the art community, the paper employs the seminal AGIL framework by sociologist Talcott Parsons. Educational organizations fulfill the “adaptation” function, providing foundational training and socializing artists into the broader art community. Market agents and institutional players jointly engage in “goal-setting,” albeit with distinct objectives: while market agents aim for commercial success through gallery affiliations and art fairs, institutions strive for the historical preservation and recognition of artists’ works. The “integration” function is carried out by intermediary bodies, such as art-supporting foundations and artist residencies, which serve as vital connectors between artists and the multifaceted “world of art.” The “latent pattern maintenance,” or the sustenance of the system’s values and goals, is organically maintained by the art community as a whole. This exhaustive analysis culminates in a comprehensive schema that elucidates the often nebulous trajectory of a professional artist’s career. It offers valuable characterization of each participant in the art community, shedding light on their respective roles and functions in the labyrinth of career advancement, thus filling a crucial gap in the existing literature.
SOVIET ART AS A PHENOMENON OF SOCIALIST CULTURE
Authors:   Kuban University, Denisov Nicholas G. , Khramov Valery B. ,   Krasnodar State Institute of Culture
Published: December 2024

The article shows that Soviet art has specific characteristics that allow writing about it as a unique phenomenon of world culture. Soviet art has become not only a reflection of unprecedented social creativity, not only one of the “tools” for creating a new life, but also the most valuable achievement of culture, which puts it on a par with the greatest social transformations of the Soviet period in Russian history. The main problem of the research: how is it possible to create artistically significant art in the absence of freedom of creativity in the USSR? In the context of the problem, the article considers the factors that determine the flourishing of Soviet art: firstly, the organic connection of art with the actual existence of socialist construction and the ideal future; secondly, the novelty of life, which predetermined the originality of the event content of Soviet art, reflecting this life and serving as an inspiring stimulus for creativity; thirdly, Soviet art was associated with an element of the artists active participation in a real event, sometimes very dangerous for life, which, in the end, becomes a work of art; fourthly, the peculiar democracy of the organization of artistic culture. The elements of the state-party leadership of art are analyzed, which limit the freedom of creativity, but at the same time, to a certain extent, positively influenced the formation of its specific properties. It is shown that the authorities, exercising leadership of artistic culture, using art for ideological purposes, controlled not only the content aspect of artistic creativity, but also the formal one. But one of the main goals of socialist development was proclaimed by them to be the creation of conditions for the harmonious development of the individual. Therefore, the artist was required to democratize the language, focusing on the established, traditional forms, so that the people would understand his works. On the other hand, a system of art education and upbringing of the masses was created, allowing the people to “rise to a level” that allows them to adequately perceive works of serious art. The article substantiates the conclusions: despite the new ideological tasks that were set by the Soviet authorities and solved by artists, art became a continuation of the cultural tradition that had been formed in Russia before the revolution, which explains the interest in socialist art that exists in modern Russia; not only artistic merit and new life content reflected in art, but also rooted in national history and culture make Soviet art a unique “page” in the history of world culture.
POST-TRUTH: PREREQUISITES, ORIGINS, FEATURES OF DISCOURSE
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Savelieva Elena N.
Published: December 2024

The author of the article addresses the phenomenon of post-truth, which has an impact on various spheres of culture after it goes beyond political discourse. Despite the increased interest in the scientific community associated with modern socio-political events, the phenomenon of post-truth remains a subject of understanding and discussion. The uncertainty of its content and ontological foundations continues to attract the attention of theorists in the field of humanitarian studies. The purpose of the article is to conceptualize the main ideas in the field of post-truth research in order to identify key emphases that reveal its specificity. The proposed conceptualization determines the novelty of the work and contributes to the understanding of the phenomenon, outlining the contours of the post-truth culture. First of all, the history of use and theoretical aspects of the concept’s content are considered, including: the dominance of the emotional/subjective to the detriment of the rational/objective; problematization of meaning creation; struggle for the right to determine the truth. Secondly, the prerequisites for the formation of a post-truth culture are outlined (the development of information and communication technologies, the specifics of media production and media landscape, the legacy of the postmodern era). Thirdly, guidelines are proposed that reveal the ontological content of a post-truth culture: a new “truth regime” and the separation of language from reality, operating with meanings in the “rules of the game” pre-established by discourse. The main conclusion is that the new truth in the form of posttruth is characterized by a number of features (establishment within the framework of a mental model that has asserted its power in the struggle for the right to determine the rules and criteria of Truth/Falsehood; priority of the emotional component to the detriment of rationality; disintegration into many mini-truths, etc.).