bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High-Order Finite Difference Hermite Weighted Essentially Nonoscillatory Method for Convection–Diffusion Equations
Authors: Wang Yabo , Liu Hongxia
Published: January 2025

A kind of finite difference Hermite WENO (HWENO) method is presented in this paper to deal with convection-dominated convection-diffusion equations in uniform grids. The benefit of the HWENO method is its compactness, allowing great accuracy to be attained in the solution’s smooth regions and maintaining the essential nonoscillation in the solution’s discontinuities. We discretize the convection term using the HWENO method and the diffusion term using the Hermite central interpolation schemes. However, it is difficult to deal with mixed derivative terms when solving two-dimensional problems using the HWENO method mentioned. To address this problem, we also employ the Hermite interpolation approach, which can keep the compactness. Lastly, we apply this method to two-dimensional Navier-Stokes problems that are incompressible. The efficiency and stability of the presented method are illustrated through numerous numerical experiments.
Anisotropic Microparticles with a Controllable Structure via Soap-Free Seeded Emulsion Polymerization
Authors: Duan Yanping , Zhao Xia , Nan Xiang , Sun Zhifeng , Lei Xiaoyun , Wang Wei , Hao Hong , Li Jianfang
Published: January 2025

Anisotropic particles have a wide range of applications in materials science such as emulsion stabilization, oil–water separation, and catalysis due to their asymmetric structure and properties. Nevertheless, designing and synthesizing large quantities of anisotropic particles with controlled morphologies continue to present considerable challenges. In this study, we successfully synthesized anisotropic microspheres using a soap-free seed emulsion polymerization method. This approach combines the benefits of seed emulsion polymerization with emulsion interfacial polymerization. By varying the concentrations of dissolved polymeric monomers, 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPS), and the initiator of potassium persulfate (KPS), different shapes of bowl, cap, and three-sided concave particles were obtained in surfactant-free aqueous solutions, simplifying the post-treatment process. The cap particles are Janus particles with good emulsion stability to toluene/water emulsions over 30 days. The catalytic degradation of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) was investigated after loading silver nanoparticles on the surface of the particles by in situ deposition. The anisotropic particles obtained in this work have potential applications in emulsion stabilization and catalysis.
Antidepressant- and Anxiolytic-like Effects in Mice of Alkaloids from Aerial Parts of Argemone platyceras Link & Otto
Authors: Gómez-Patiño Mayra Beatriz , Estrada-Reyes Rosa , Hernández-Mendoza Héctor Hugo , Suarez-Rojas Ángela , Arrieta-Baez Daniel
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Argemone platyceras Link & Otto, an endemic plant of Mexico, is widely distributed in the central area of the country, mainly in the states of Tlaxcala, Puebla, and the State of Mexico. Ethnobotanical studies in different communities of these states have demonstrated that it is primarily used to treat diabetes and mental illnesses, such as “los nervios” (nerves) and “el ansia” (anxiety); these terms are used in traditional medicine, but it is accepted that they refer to anxiety disorders. This study aimed to validate the traditional use of aerial parts of A. platyceras Link & Otto in treating these illnesses. Methods: a standardized acidic method to obtain alkaloids was used to obtain an extract (AlkExt), which was tested in adult male Swiss Webster mice in the tail suspension (TST) and forced swimming (FST) tests. Results: AlkExt was analyzed using mass spectrometry techniques (DI-ESI and UHPLC-MS) to detect 2,3′,4,5′-Tetramethoxystilbene (m/z 301.14, 3%), scoulerine (m/z 328.16, 19.8%), tetrahydro-columbamine (m/z 342.17, 28.8%), 8-(hydroxymethyl)-2,10-dimethoxy-6,8,13,13a-tetrahydro-5H-isoquinolino[2,1-b]isoquinoline-1,11-diol (m/z 358.17, 22.8%), and glaucine (m/z 356.19, 11.1%); these were assayed in a single oral administration of AlkExt, which caused robust anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects without affecting the spontaneous ambulatory activity of the mice. Conclusions: The easy and standardized AlkExt analyzed in pharmaceuticals assays in this study strongly suggest its therapeutic potential to treat the comorbidity of anxiety and depression disorders and support further investigations in people with these diseases.
Phycospheric Bacteria Alleviate the Stress of Erythromycin on Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa by Regulating Nitrogen Metabolism
Authors: Li Jiping , Wang Ying , Fang Yuan , Lyu Xingsheng , Zhu Zixin , Wu Chenyang , Xu Zijie , Li Wei , Liu Naisen , Du Chenggong , Wang Yan
Published: January 2025

Macrolide pollution has attracted a great deal of attention because of its ecotoxic effects on microalgae, but the role of phycospheric bacteria under antibiotic stress remains unclear. This study explored the toxic effects of erythromycin (ERY) on the growth and nitrogen metabolism of Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa; then, it analyzed and predicted the effects of the composition and ecological function of phycospheric bacteria on microalgae under ERY stress. We found that 0.1, 1.0, and 10 mg/L ERY inhibited the growth and chlorophyll of microalgae, but the microalgae gradually showed enhanced growth abilities over the course of 21 days. As the exposure time progressed, the nitrate reductase activities of the microalgae gradually increased, but remained significantly lower than that of the control group at 21 d. NO3− concentrations in all treatment groups decreased gradually and were consistent with microalgae growth. NO2− concentrations in the three treatment groups were lower than those in the control group during ERY exposure over 21 d. ERY changed the community composition and diversity of phycospheric bacteria. The relative abundance of bacteria, such as unclassified-f-Rhizobiaceae, Mesorhizobium, Sphingopyxis, Aquimonas, and Blastomonas, varied to different degrees. Metabolic functions, such ABC transporters, the microbial metabolism in diverse environments, and the biosynthesis of amino acids, were significantly upregulated in the treatments of higher concentrations (1.0 and 10 mg/L). Higher concentrations of ERY significantly inhibited nitrate denitrification, nitrous oxide denitrification, nitrite denitrification, and nitrite and nitrate respiration. The findings of this study suggest that phycospheric bacteria alleviate antibiotic stress and restore the growth of microalgae by regulating nitrogen metabolism in the exposure system.
An Enhanced Solar Battery Charger Using a DC-DC Single-Ended Primary-Inductor Converter and Fuzzy Logic-Based Control for Off-Grid Photovoltaic Applications
Authors: Seguel Julio López , Zenteno Samuel , Arancibia Crystopher , Rodríguez José , Aly Mokhtar , Seleme Seleme I. , Morais Lenin M. F.
Published: January 2025

Battery charging systems are crucial for energy storage in off-grid photovoltaic (PV) installations. Since the power generated by a PV panel is conditioned by climatic conditions and load characteristics, a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) technique is required to maximize PV power and accelerate battery charging. On the other hand, a battery must be carefully charged, ensuring that its charging current and voltage limits are not exceeded, thereby preventing premature degradation. However, the voltage generated by the PV panel during MPPT operation fluctuates, which can harm the battery, particularly during periods of intense radiation when overvoltages are likely to occur. To address these issues, the design and construction of an enhanced solar battery charger utilizing a single-ended primary-inductor converter (SEPIC) and soft computing (SC)-based control is presented. A control strategy is employed that integrates voltage stabilization and MPPT functions through two dedicated fuzzy logic controllers (FLCs), which manage battery charging using a three-mode scheme: MPPT, Absorption, and Float. This approach optimizes available PV power while guaranteeing fast and safe battery charging. The developed charger leverages the SEPIC’s notable features for PV applications, including a wide input voltage range, minimal input current ripple, and an easy-to-drive switch. Moreover, unlike most PV charger control strategies in the literature that combine improved traditional MPPT methods with classical proportional integral (PI)-based control loops, the proposed control adopts a fully SC-based strategy, effectively addressing common drawbacks of conventional methods, such as slowness and inaccuracy during sudden atmospheric fluctuations. Simulations in MATLAB/Simulink compared the FLCs’ performance with conventional methods (P&O, IncCond, and PID). Additionally, a low-power hardware prototype using an Arduino Due microcontroller was built to evaluate the battery charger’s behavior under real weather conditions. The simulated and experimental results both demonstrate the robustness and effectiveness of the solar charger.
Research on Multi-Scale Electricity–Carbon–Green Certificate Market Coupling Trading Based on System Dynamics
Authors: Ma Tiannan , Peng Lilin , Wu Gang , Wei Yuchen , Zou Xin
Published: January 2025

While tradable green certificates (TGCs) and carbon emission trading (CET) play key roles in achieving peak carbon and carbon neutrality, the coupling effects between these two policies on the medium- and long-term electricity market and the spot market are still uncertain. In this study, we firstly construct a multi-scale market trading framework to sort out the information transfer of four markets. Secondly, we establish a multi-scale market system dynamics-coupled trading model with five sub-modules, including the medium- and long-term power markets, the spot market, and the carbon market. Subsequently, we adjust the policy parameters (carbon quota benchmark price, carbon quota auction ratio, and renewable energy quota ratio) and set up five policy scenarios to compare and analyze the impacts of the CET and TGC mechanisms on the power market and carbon emission reduction when they act alone or in synergy, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the adjustment of strategies of market entities and the setting of parameters. The results show that CET can increase spot electricity prices and promote renewable energy to enter the spot market, while TGCs can promote a high proportion of renewable energy consumption but lower spot electricity prices for a long time. The coordinated implementation of the CET and TGC mechanisms can improve the power market’s adaptability to high renewable energy penetration, but it may also result in policy redundancy.
Transferable Targeted Adversarial Attack on Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) Image Recognition
Authors: Zheng Sheng , Han Dongshen , Lu Chang , Hou Chaowen , Han Yanwen , Hao Xinhong , Zhang Chaoning
Published: January 2025

Deep learning models have been widely applied to synthetic aperture radar (SAR) target recognition, offering end-to-end feature extraction that significantly enhances recognition performance. However, recent studies show that optical image recognition models are widely vulnerable to adversarial examples, which fool the models by adding imperceptible perturbation to the input. Although the targeted adversarial attack (TAA) has been realized in the white box setup with full access to the SAR model’s knowledge, it is less practical in real-world scenarios where white box access to the target model is not allowed. To the best of our knowledge, our work is the first to explore transferable TAA on SAR models. Since contrastive learning (CL) is commonly applied to enhance a model’s generalization, we utilize it to improve the generalization of adversarial examples generated on a source model to unseen target models in the black box scenario. Thus, we propose the contrastive learning-based targeted adversarial attack, termed CL-TAA. Extensive experiments demonstrated that our proposed CL-TAA can significantly improve the transferability of adversarial examples to fool the SAR models in the black box scenario.
HPM-Match: A Generic Deep Learning Framework for Historical Landslide Identification Based on Hybrid Perturbation Mean Match
Authors: Ran Shuhao , Ma Gang , Chi Fudong , Zhou Wei , Weng Yonghong
Published: January 2025

The scarcity of high-quality labeled data poses a challenge to the application of deep learning (DL) in landslide identification from remote sensing (RS) images. Semi-supervised learning (SSL) has emerged as a promising approach to address the issue of low accuracy caused by the limited availability of high-quality labels. Nevertheless, the application of SSL approaches developed for natural images to landslide identification encounters several challenges. This study focuses on two specific challenges: inadequate information extraction from limited unlabeled RS landslide images and the generation of low-quality pseudo-labels. To tackle these challenges, we propose a novel and generic DL framework called hybrid perturbation mean match (HPM-Match). The framework combines dual-branch input perturbation (DIP) and independent triple-stream perturbation (ITP) techniques to enhance model accuracy with limited labels. The DIP generation approach is designed to maximize the utilization of manually pre-defined perturbation spaces while minimizing the introduction of erroneous information during the weak-to-strong consistency learning (WSCL) process. Moreover, the ITP structure unifies input, feature, and model perturbations, thereby broadening the perturbation space and enabling knowledge extraction from unlabeled landslide images across various perspectives. Experimental results demonstrate that HPM-Match has substantial improvements in IoU, with maximum increases of 26.68%, 7.05%, and 12.96% over supervised learning across three datasets with the same label ratio and reduces the number of labels by up to about 70%. Furthermore, HPM-Match strikes a better balance between precision and recall, identifying more landslides than other state-of-the-art (SOTA) SSL approaches.
A New Approach for Infrared Temperature Measurement Sensor Systems and Temperature Control for Domestic Induction Hobs
Authors: Altuntaş Hakan , Arslan Mehmet Selçuk
Published: January 2025

The accurate measurement of cooking vessel temperatures in induction hobs is crucial for ensuring optimal cooking performance and safety. To achieve this, improvements in existing measurement methods such as thermocouples, thermistors, and infrared (IR) temperature sensors are being explored. However, traditional IR sensors are sensitive to interference from the heated glass ceramic, severely affecting accuracy. This challenge is addressed by introducing a new sensor system with an optical filter designed to match the glass ceramic’s optical characteristics. The theoretical model presented here proposes the separation of the total radiation reaching the IR sensor into components emitted by the cooking vessel and the glass ceramic. However, the radiation component originating from the glass ceramic mentioned here is significantly higher than the radiation component of the cooking vessel, which creates difficulties in measuring the temperature of the cooking vessel. Simulations and real cooking experiments validate the model and demonstrate that the optic filter significantly increases the contribution of pot radiation to the sensor measurement. This causes a more accurate reflection of the actual cooking vessel temperature, leading to improved temperature control and enhanced cooking experiences in domestic induction hob appliances. This research contributes to the field by innovatively addressing challenges in real-time temperature control for induction cooking appliances. The elimination of pot dependence and improved accuracy have significant implications for cooking efficiency, safety and food quality.
Business Sustainability and Its Effect on Performance Measures: A Comprehensive Analysis
Authors: Pérez Estébanez Raquel , Sevillano Martín Francisco Javier
Published: January 2025

In recent years, businesses have faced growing pressures from stakeholders, including investors, customers, and regulators, to adopt sustainable practices. These pressures stem from the global focus on environmental, social, and governance (ESG) criteria and their association with risk management and corporate resilience. As a result, understanding the connection between sustainability and performance indicators, such as return on equity (ROE) and return on assets (ROA), is crucial to determine whether sustainable practices positively influence financial outcomes or primarily serve to address external expectations. This study seeks to bridge the gap between theoretical frameworks and empirical evidence by employing a rigorous methodological approach—Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)—to assess the impact of sustainability practices on key performance measures. The inclusion of a diverse range of industries from the US and Europe enhances the relevance of the findings, as it facilitates their generalization across developed economies where sustainability initiatives are highly prioritized. Our results are consistent with prior research demonstrating a positive relationship between sustainability and financial performance, particularly in high-development contexts over a medium-term period. These findings carry important implications for managers and policymakers, emphasizing that sustainability is not a compromise but a catalyst for economic and financial profitability. This study contributes to the literature by illustrating how sustainability can simultaneously advance ethical objectives and enhance financial performance, establishing it as a critical area of focus for both academics and practitioners.
Breakthrough Position and Trajectory of Sustainable Energy Technology
Authors: Bossink Bart , Hasanefendic Sandra , Hoogstraaten Marjolein , Ramanan Charusheela
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the position and the breakthrough trajectory of sustainable energy technologies. Fine-grained insights into these breakthrough positions and trajectories are limited. This research seeks to fill this gap by analyzing sustainable energy technologies’ breakthrough positions and trajectories in terms of development, application, and upscaling. To this end, the breakthrough positions and trajectories of seven sustainable energy technologies, i.e., hydrogen from seawater electrolysis, hydrogen airplanes, inland floating photovoltaics, redox flow batteries, hydrogen energy for grid balancing, hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles, and smart sustainable energy houses, are analyzed. This is guided by an extensively researched and literature-based model that visualizes and describes these technologies’ experimentation and demonstration stages. This research identifies where these technologies are located in their breakthrough trajectory in terms of the development phase (prototyping, production process and organization, and niche market creation and sales), experiment and demonstration stage (technical, organizational, and market), the form of collaboration (public–private, private–public, and private), physical location (university and company laboratories, production sites, and marketplaces), and scale-up type (demonstrative, and first-order and second-order transformative). For scientists, this research offers the opportunity to further refine the features of sustainable energy technologies’ developmental positions and trajectories at a detailed level. For practitioners, it provides insights that help to determine investments in various sustainable energy technologies.
Efficient Urban Soil Improvement Using Soil Squeezing Technology for Constrained Environments
Authors: Inazumi Shinya , Chao Kuo Chieh , Iida Tetsuo , Yamada Takeshi
Published: January 2025

This study introduces soil squeezing technology (SST) as an innovative approach to soil improvement that addresses the limitations of conventional methods in urban geotechnical projects. Unlike traditional in situ mixing, SST uses displacement, compaction, and controlled solidification to effectively increase soil cohesion and strength while reducing voids. By minimizing reliance on large mixing plants and bulky machinery, SST offers significant advantages in confined urban spaces, providing accessibility and operational efficiency. This paper describes the mechanism of SST, field application procedures, and adaptability to different soil types including humus and organic-rich soils. The compaction-driven approach ensures the consistent formation of dense, high-strength columnar soil structures, even in challenging geotechnical environments. Field studies demonstrate SST’s superior bearing capacity, uniformity, and reduced site disturbance compared to conventional methods, making it suitable for modern infrastructure. Quality control through real-time inspection further highlights the operational reliability of SST. This research underscores SST’s potential as a cost-effective, scalable solution that meets the stringent demands of urban development while minimizing environmental impact and optimizing resource use.
A Robust-Fitted-Mesh-Based Finite Difference Approach for Solving a System of Singularly Perturbed Convection–Diffusion Delay Differential Equations with Two Parameters
Authors: Arthur Jenolin , Chatzarakis George E. , Panetsos S. L. , Mathiyazhagan Joseph Paramasivam
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a robust fitted mesh finite difference method for solving a dynamical system of two parameter convection–reaction–diffusion delay differential equations defined on the interval [0,2]. The method incorporates a piecewise uniform Shishkin mesh to accurately resolve the solution behavior caused by small perturbation parameters and delay terms. The proposed numerical scheme is proven to be parameter-robust and achieves almost first-order convergence. Numerical illustrations are provided to showcase the method’s effectiveness, highlighting its capability to address boundary and interior layers with improved accuracy. The results, supported by symmetrical considerations in the figures, enhance the precision and serve as validation for the theoretical results.
Sharp Front Approach Solutions to Some Doubly Degenerate Reaction-Diffusion Models
Authors: Hristov Jordan
Published: January 2025

Approximate analytical solutions to doubly degenerate reaction-diffusion models pertinent to population dynamics and chemical kinetics have been developed. The double integral-balance method applied to preliminary transformed models and by a direct integration approach has provided physically reasonable results. The model equation scaling has revealed the time and length scales, as well as the characteristic velocity of the process and the Fourier number as the controlling dimensionless group.
Prioritized Decision Support System for Cybersecurity Selection Based on Extended Symmetrical Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Hamacher Aggregation Operators
Authors: Hanif Muhammad Zeeshan , Yaqoob Naveed
Published: January 2025

The symmetrical linear Diophantine fuzzy Hamacher aggregation operators play a fundamental role in many decision-making applications. The selection of a cyber security system is of paramount importance for maintaining digital assets. It necessitates a comprehensive review of threat landscapes, vulnerability assessments, and the specific needs of the organization in order to ensure the implementation of effective security measures. Smart grid (SG) technology uses modern communication and monitoring technologies to enhance the management and regulation of electricity production and transmission. However, greater dependence on technology and connection creates new vulnerabilities, exposing SG communication networks to large-scale attacks. Unlike previous surveys, which often give broad overviews of SG design, our research goes a step further, giving a full architectural layout that includes major SG components and communication linkages. This in-depth review improves comprehension of possible cyber threats and allows SGs to analyze cyber risks more systematically. To determine the best cybersecurity strategies, this study introduces a multi-criteria group decision-making (MCGDM) approach using the linear Diophantine fuzzy Hamacher prioritized aggregation operator (LDFHPAO). In real-world applications, aggregation operators (AOs) are essential for information fusion. This research presents innovative prioritized AOs designed to address MCGDM problems in uncertain environments. We developed the LDF Hamacher prioritized weighted average (LDFHPWA) and LDF Hamacher prioritized weighted geometric (LDFHPWG) operators, which address the shortcomings of traditional operators and provide a more robust modeling approach for MCGDM challenges. This study also outlines key characteristics of these new prioritized AOs. An MCGDM approach incorporating these operators is proposed and demonstrated to be effective through an example that compares and selects the optimal cybersecurity.
Characterisation of Staphylococcus aureus Strains and Their Prophages That Carry Horse-Specific Leukocidin Genes lukP/Q
Authors: Monecke Stefan , Burgold-Voigt Sindy , Feßler Andrea T. , Krapf Martina , Loncaric Igor , Liebler-Tenorio Elisabeth M. , Braun Sascha D. , Diezel Celia , Müller Elke , Reinicke Martin , Reissig Annett , Cabal Rosel Adriana , Ruppitsch Werner , Hotzel Helmut , Hanke Dennis , Cuny Christiane , Witte Wolfgang , Schwarz Stefan , Ehricht Ralf
Published: January 2025

Leukocidins of Staphylococcus (S.) aureus are bicomponent toxins that form polymeric pores in host leukocyte membranes, leading to cell death and/or triggering apoptosis. Some of these toxin genes are located on prophages and are associated with specific hosts. The genes lukP/Q have been described from equine S. aureus isolates. We examined the genomes, including the lukP/Q prophages, of S. aureus strains belonging to clonal complexes CC1, CC350, CC816, and CC8115. In addition to sequencing, phages were characterised by mitomycin C induction and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). All lukP/Q prophages integrated into the lip2=geh gene, and all included also the gene scn-eq encoding an equine staphylococcal complement inhibitor. The lukP/Q prophages clustered, based on gene content and allelic variants, into three groups. One was found in CC1 and CC97 sequences; one was present mainly in CC350 but also in other lineages (CC1, CC97, CC133, CC398); and a third one was exclusively observed in CC816 and CC8115. Prophages of the latter group additionally included a rare enterotoxin A allele (sea320E). Moreover, a prophage from a CC522 goat isolate was found to harbour lukP. Its lukF component could be regarded as chimaera comprising parts of lukQ and of lukF-P83. A putative kinase gene of 1095 basepairs was found to be associated with equine strains of S. aureus. It was also localised on prophages. However, these prophages were different from the ones that carried lukP/Q, and three different integration sites of kinase-carrying phages were identified. These observations confirmed the presence of prophage-located important virulence-associated genes in equine S. aureus and that certain prophages might determine the host specificity of the staphylococcal strains they reside in.
Rainwater harvesting on animal farms as a response to the increasing water deficit in agriculture
Authors: Napierała Michał , Mrozik Karol Dawid , Kęsicka Barbara
Published: January 2025

In the context of growing water scarity in agriculture the harvesting of rainwater from livestock buildings could be seen as a new opportunity. Based on the National Agricultural Census (2020), rainfall data (1991-2020) and the opportunity and investment costs related to the installation purchase, a prognostic analysis was conducted. The analysis revealed the immense potential of farms for rainwater collection. In Poland there are 201,980 cowsheds, 65,088 pigsties and 96,435 poultry houses, representing a total area of 8,820 ha, which allows additionally to retain over 41 million m3 of water per year. This amount will cover only 15% of the livestock total water demand. It should be noted that the average economic efficiency (EF) value for the entire country was 81.6%, and the differences in the analyzed animal groups reached a moderate level (CV=14.7%±0.1 depending on the groups). The unit price of tap water was the main determinant of the highest EF of investment in rainwater harvesting (RWH) in particular voivodeships.
Optimization of culture condition of potent strain Phormidium retzii for the optimal production of stigmasterol- an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor using Design of Experiments software
Authors: Yesudas Rincy , Thirumalairaj Vinoth Kumar , Durairaj Geetharamani , Chacko Amrutha , Shanmugaasokan Lakshmanasenthil , Gunasekaran Suja
Published: January 2025

Despite the availability of synthetic acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors for Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), they often possess side effects raising urgent need for natural alternatives providing AChE inhibition with minimal adverse effects. Research has increasingly focused on bioactive products from microalgae, with Phormidium retzii showing promise as an AChE inhibitor, offering novel AD treatment. The research aimed to optimize culture conditions to produce stigmasterol by Phormidium retzii using Design of Experiments (DoE) software. P. retzii was cultivated at pilot scale, with biomass collected, shade-dried, subjected to extraction for AChE inhibition testing until the death phase. The extract containing stigmasterol from 11th day showed maximum inhibition (81.03±0.23%). Other extracts showed minimal or no inhibition, and the culture reached death phase on 17th day. Applying N-1 technique, key components of BG11 media for stigmasterol production were defined as sodium nitrate, magnesium sulphate, sodium carbonate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate. Varying these components in different ratios yielded maximal AChE inhibition (79.43±0.81%) in media containing K2HPO4 (0.04 g/L), NaNO3 (1.5 g/L), MgSO4 (0.075 g/L) and Na2CO3 (0.06 g/L). The optimum light intensity was 2000 lux. Results were input into software, resulting eight experimental runs with ±1 values of each component. AChE inhibitions were determined for all runs and fed into the software. Optimum culture conditions for optimal stigmasterol production were determined as K2HPO4 (0.06 g/L), NaNO3 (2 g/L), MgSO4 (0.05 g/L) and Na2CO3 (0.04 g/L) at pH 8 with 2000 lux. Under these conditions, on 11th day, dried biomass was 1.22 g with AChE inhibition of 84.36±0.02%.
microRNA-122 gene expression in Iraqi patients with hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Mohsen Rana Talib , Haneen Z Al-Taee , Habeeb Wafaa Hussien , Abd-Alazeez Riyadh A. , Hassan Sally , Mohsen Shahlaa Talib
Published: January 2025

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most prevalent tumors worldwide. It is estimated that persistent infections with hepatitis B (HBV) or hepatitis C (HCV) viruses account for 80% of HCC cases. Both chronic HBV and HCV infections have the potential to modify hepatocyte function and may do so through comparable pathways that impact the development of HCC. Significant progress has been made in understanding of the molecular biology of HBV and HCV and the cellular signal transduction pathways affected by these illnesses. Several cancer types exhibit aberrant expression and deregulation of microRNA-122, suggesting these molecules might function as prognostic and diagnostic biomarkers globally. For detection of HCC, non-invasive biomarkers are limited in their application. In order to enhance the survival rates of individuals with HCC, early identification is crucial. Quantitative RT-PCR was used to evaluate 64 serum samples. The levels of microRNA-122 in the serum of HCC patients were significantly lower than in the control group further contrasted the expression of these microRNAs in serum samples from healthy controls and patients with untreated early-stage HCC. MicroRNA-122 expression was considerably reduced in HCC sera, with a P value of less than 0.0001. Interestingly, microRNA-122 expression levels were marginally increased in individuals who received therapy but were lacking in those diagnosed early and untreated. In the first phase of hepatitis samples, microRNA-122 expression levels were considerably lower than in standard samples, with a P value (<0.0001). This suggests the potential use of microRNA-122 as a biomarker to track treatment success.
RENDIMIENTO DE FORRAJE, GRANO Y CALIDAD DE ENSILADO DE MAÍCES HÍBRIDOS EN EL VALLE DE TULANCINGO, MÉXICO
Authors: Rodríguez-Ortega Leodan Tadeo , Landa-Salgado Patricia , Velázquez-Martínez Mauricio , Hernández Martínez Rosendo , Mendoza-Pedroza Sergio Iban , Hernández-Guzmán Filogonio Jesús , Hernández-Reséndiz Efraín Jehú
Published: January 2025

Ante la necesidad de disponer de materiales genéticos nuevos y productivos de maíz para grano y forraje, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar 12 híbridos de maíz para rendimiento de forraje, grano y calidad de ensilado en cuatro localidades del Valle de Tulancingo, Hidalgo, México. Se evaluaron siete híbridos de maíz recomendados para altitudes mayores de 2000 msnm y cinco para altitudes menores de 2000 msnm en primavera-verano 2021. El forraje de cinco híbridos se ensiló y se le determinaron vriables de calidad. El experimento se estableció en un diseño de bloques completos al azar. Los datos se analizaron con el procedimiento GLM de SAS y prueba de Tukey (P ≤ 0.05) para la comparación de medias. Se usó el modelo AMMI mediante componentes principales para detectar respuestas en estabilidad en ambientes. El híbrido H443A en la localidad de Cebolletas produjo mayor rendimiento de forraje (P ≤ 0.05) en base seca (24.0 t ha-1). Hubo interacciones altamente significativas de material genético de maíz × localidad (P ≤ 0.001). En los ensilados hubo diferencias (P ≤ 0.001) entre híbridos en el porcentaje de fibra detergente neutro y ácido, almidón y energía neta de lactancia. La mayor producción de grano se obtuvo con el híbrido Cherokee en Cebolletas (7404 kg ha-1), y fue consistente en las cuatro localidades (P ≤ 0.05). El mayor peso de 200 granos en las cuatro localidades se observó en el híbrido H13 (62.3 g, P ≤ 0.05), mientras el peso volumétrico mayor se obtuvo con H78 (83.2 kg hL-1, P ≤ 0.05). El rendimiento de forraje verde y seco de híbridos de maíz recomendados para altitud inferior a 2000 msnm superó a maíces recomendados para altitud superior a 2000 msnm; sin embargo, tuvieron rendimiento de grano inferior (P ≤ 0.05). El maíz híbrido H443A es útil para ensilado, mientras que Cherokee y Caribú pueden ser más útiles para forraje y grano.
IMPACTO DE NANOPARTÍCULAS DE HIDROXIAPATITA EN LOS COMPUESTOS BIOACTIVOS Y ACTIVIDAD ENZIMÁTICA EN PIMIENTO MORRÓN
Authors: Rocha-Santillano Jessica Janeth , Sangerman-Jarquín Dora Ma. , Preciado-Rangel Pablo , De la O-Olán Micaela , Fortis-Hernández Manuel , Marquez-Guerrero Selene Y. , Flores-Hernandez Eduardo A. , Romero-Arenas Omar
Published: January 2025

Las nanopartículas de hidroxiapatita (nHAp) obtenidas a partir de roca fosfórica pueden ser utilizadas como nanobioestimulantes en la agricultura sostenible. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de la aplicación foliar de nHAp sobre el rendimiento y la síntesis de compuestos bioactivos en frutos de pimiento morrón (Capsicum annuum L.) desarrollado bajo condiciones de invernadero. Se probaron cuatro dosis crecientes de nHAp: 500, 1000, 1500 y 2000 mg L-1, así como el testigo (agua destilada) bajo un diseño completamente al azar. Los resultados indicaron que la aspersión foliar de nHAp en el cultivo de pimiento morrón no afectó el rendimiento, pero si influyó positivamente en la calidad nutraceútica y en la acumulación de fósforo en los frutos. Las dosis altas incrementaron los compuestos biactivos y el fósforo en los frutos de pimiento morrón, pero disminuyen la actividad enzimática. La aplicación foliar con nHAp es una opción para estimular la biosíntesis de antioxidantes enzimáticos y no enzimáticos en los frutos de pimiento morrón.
NOROESTE C2021: NUEVA VARIEDAD DE TRIGO DURO PARA EL NOROESTE DE MÉXICO
Authors: Borbón-Gracia Alberto , Díaz-Ceniceros Huizar Leonardo , Chávez-Villalba Gabriela , Fuentes-Dávila Guillermo , Ammar Karim , Alvarado-Padilla Jorge Iván , Cantúa-Ayala Jesús Antonio
Published: January 2025

En México, durante el año 2021 se cosecharon 511,059.82 ha de trigo (Triticum spp.) con una producción de 3,224,931 t. En el estado de Sonora en ese mismo ciclo se cosecharon 236,467.08 ha con una producción de 1,721,608 t, lo que constituyó el 53.38 % de la producción nacional (SIAP, 2022). Un año después, en dicha entidad se sembraron 283,155.27 ha, de las cuales 222,986.63 se cultivaron con la variedad de trigo duro CIRNO C2008, lo que representó 78 % de la superficie (CESAVESON, 2022). Al ser una variedad susceptible al hongo Puccinia triticina E., causante de la roya de la hoja (Huerta-Espino et al., 2017), requiere de una a dos aplicaciones de fungicidas durante el ciclo, lo que representa un gasto adicional en los costos de producción y un impacto ambiental negativo en la región. A pesar de la perdida de la resistencia, los productores no dejan de cultivarla por su tolerancia al acame con altas densidades de siembra. Otra limitante en la producción de trigo en el noroeste de México es la disponibilidad de agua, la captación de agua en los sistemas de presas de Sonora y Sinaloa ha sido baja en los últimos años, la cantidad de agua disponible para la siembra se redujo considerablemente. En Sonora, la captación de agua se redujo de 3,041.3 millones de metros cúbicos (Mm3) a 1,058.3 Mm3 durante el ciclo agrícola 2022-2023 (DRRY, 2024), lo anterior ocasionó que los riegos de auxilio se redujeran de 4 a 2 y 3 riegos en el Valle del Mayo y del Yaqui, respectivamente.
The Techniques of authentication in the Context of Cloud Computing
Authors: Abed Amira Hassan
Published: January 2025

One solution that helps with straightforward, on-demand access to a pool of reconfigurable computing resources is cloud computing. Cloud Computing is an emerging and ubiquitous trend. It allows users to enjoy the ondemand services, without the burden of data storage and maintenance costs. Users of this type of computing platform are very concerned about security, and they need to find reliable providers of cloud services. Authentication is believed to be a main necessity for assuring secure access to cloud. In this paper we discussed the comprehensive and detailed frameworks constructed to assure successful authentication in cloud computing. Also, this survey paper provides a discussion of differences between considered techniques used in different frameworks.
Future Perspectives in Energy-Efficient Wireless Sensor Networks: Exploring Novel Approaches
Authors: Sridevi PC  , Janaki R. Sathya , G.Shanthini
Published: January 2025

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have revolutionized applications like environmental monitoring, healthcare, disaster management, and homeland security. Despite advancements, challenges persist in energy efficiency, network overhead, and scalability for real-world scenarios. Recent innovations, such as the FALM system, have achieved notable improvements, including a 25.04% reduction in energy consumption, a 21.72% decrease in network overhead, and a 14.81% increase in node lifespan compared to the BSPK model, highlighting the potential of advanced routing algorithms. Future research must focus on real-world testbeds to validate the robustness and scalability of WSN algorithms under diverse conditions like high node density and dynamic traffic. For energy-intensive applications such as multimedia data transfer, maintaining energy efficiency without compromising Quality of Service (QoS) is crucial. Natureinspired algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Sparrow Search Algorithm (SSA) offer promising solutions by optimizing routing paths and resource allocation. Integrating WSNs with emerging technologies could further enhance their capabilities. The Internet of Things (IoT) fosters connectivity, machine learning models enable predictive adaptations, and blockchain secures communications against unauthorized access. Additionally, expanding performance evaluation metrics to include end-to-end delay, packet delivery ratio, and scalability will ensure comprehensive optimization. These strategies pave the way for developing robust, energy-efficient, and adaptive WSN architectures that meet the demands of modern applications, ensuring long-term viability and enhanced performance.
Los amores de Emma Goldman contra la Gran Guerra (1917). Nuevas lecturas desde la Historia de las emociones
Authors: Peña Castillo Francisco Javier
Published: January 2025

This article examines the potential insights that the history of emotions can provide for studying the anarchist movement, particularly its internal tensions. It focuses on the various expressions of love demonstrated by Emma Goldman during her 1917 trial, where she faced accusations of conspiring against the conscription imposed by the United States government during the Great War. The goal is to explore her political project's central and multifaceted aspects. Utilizing various sources, her autobiography serves as a key experiential testimony. The article addresses what has been previously said about love within anarchism and, more importantly, how it was experienced.
Skeletal Muscle Relaxant Activity of aqueous and Alcoholic Extracts of Epipremnumaureum.Linn in Rats
Authors: Abhinayani G Abhinayani G , Shalini V Shalini V
Published: January 2025

Epipremnumaureum (Family Araceae) commonly
known as Money plant is a vigorously growing in
India. It is a common indoor plant generally used
for ornamental purposes having indoor air
pollution removing capacity. The aim of the study
was to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant activity
of the aqueous and alcoholic extract of leaves of
Epipremnumaureum in albino rats in comparison
with diazepam. A total of 20 Swiss albino rats aged
6-7 weeks, of either sex, weighing about 100-150
g, were taken, and after acute toxicity studies two
different extracts of selected dose i.e. 200mg/kg
were selected. The animals were divided into four
different groups. Group I (control) received normal
saline 10 ml/kg, Group II (standard) received
diazepam 10 mg/kg, and Groups III received
AEEU 200 mg/kg, Groups IV received ALEU200
mg/kg body weight, respectively. Skeletal muscle
relaxant activity (motor coordination) on rotarod
and locomotor activity on photoactometer was
performed. Statistical analysis was carried out
using analysis of variance, followed by ANOVA
tests. The results from the actophotometer and
rotarod test showed that AEEU and ALEU
significantly reduced the motor coordination and
locomotor activity of tested animal. AEEU and
ALEU showed significant dose-dependent skeletal
muscle relaxant activity.Thus, the positive results
suggest that Epipremnumaureumextracts should be
further studied to determine the bioactive chemical
compounds as well as to understand the possible
mechanism of action and evaluate their toxicity
looking towards pharmaceutical actions.
Comparative Analysis of ESG-Focused DeFi Protocols and Traditional ESG Funds: Financial Performance, Transparency, and Impact Assessment
Authors: Enajero Jude
Published: January 2025

The intersection of Environmental, Social, and
Governance (ESG) investing and decentralized
finance (DeFi) introduces innovative pathways for
integrating sustainability into financial markets.
This study conducts a comparative analysis of
ESG-focused DeFi protocols, such as KlimaDAO
and Regen Network, and traditional ESG
investment funds, including the Vanguard ESG
U.S. Stock ETF and BlackRock Sustainable
Advantage Large Cap Core Fund. Using data from
March 2021 to March 2023 and quantitative
methods such as ordinary least squares (OLS)
regression, the study evaluates financial
performance, transparency, and impact assessment.
Results indicate that ESG-focused DeFi protocols
provide enhanced transparency and potential for
higher returns but are hindered by greater volatility
and regulatory uncertainty. Conversely, traditional
ESG funds offer stability and robust governance
frameworks but lack the real-time transparency
inherent to DeFi platforms. The findings
underscore the need for standardized ESG
reporting and offer actionable insights for investors
aiming to align sustainability goals with financial
performance
THE INSTALLMENT DASHBOARD CAMERA WILL NOT AFFECT YOUR PRIVACY: A STUDY IN KUDUS REGENCY, KUDUS
Authors: Setiyowati Fariska Jihan , Naswa Aldyla Shesara , Christia Adissya Mega
Published: January 2025

The dashboard camera has become a very important device for vehicles nowadays because it is used for audio and/or video recordings. Recordings produced by the dashboard camera includes important evidences such as the route used, the front road, the road behind and the cabin, and also the conversation in the car for some types. In the present era, not everyone supports the development of dashboard camera technology. One of the reasons is privacy. Some people feel overexposed by dashboard camera in private vehicles. Privacy belongs to the private law thus the consent of each person is very important. In fact, people in Kudus Regency alone still not familiar with dashboard camera. This shows that it is still a long way to proceed the legality of it but at the same time this development of technology must be adapted carefully. The approach method used in the study is normative juridical, a scientific research procedure that relies on scientific logic and is viewed from a normative perspective. The research method employed in this study is qualitative descriptive. This approach relies on references from a collection of data obtained from library studies, includes previous laws and research, and is based on the opinion of the public, especially in the Kudus Regency. The study aims to strengthen the understanding that dashboard camera will not affect people's privacy as long as the private law regulates it in accordance with justice, certainty and the usefulness also to ensure legally that dashboard camera can improve legal protection.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON CIVIL LIABILITY FOR E-COMMERCE PLATFORMS AS INTERMEDIARIES IN E-COMMERCE DISPUTES COMPARISON WITH THE EUROPEAN UNION: THE ORETICAL EVOLUTION, REGULATORY FOCUS AND PROBLEMS IN CHINA
Authors: Ying Wuling , Saripan Hartini , Mahmood Anida , Li Xiaodan
Published: January 2025

With the rapid development of China's e-commerce economy, e-commerce disputes have surged, putting tremendous pressure on the administrative supervision of e-commerce economy and the judicial mediation of civil disputes. This article aims to review relevant literature, laws, and regulations concerning the civil liability of e-commerce platforms as intermediaries in e-commerce disputes. It compares the Chinese framework with that of the European Union (EU), examining the theoretical evolution, regulatory focus, and prevalent problems within the respective legal frameworks governing these platforms. The article highlights the shortcomings and challenges of current regulations for China's e-commerce platforms and provides suggestions for future legal and policy improvements.