bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Platelet-rich fibrin as an autologous biomaterial for bone regeneration: mechanisms, applications, optimization
Authors: Jia Kewen , You Jiaqian , Zhu Yuemeng , Li Minghui , Chen Sheng , Ren Sicong , Chen Siyu , Zhang Jingqi , Wang Hanchi , Zhou Yanmin
Published: April 2024

Platelet-rich fibrin, a classical autologous-derived bioactive material, consists of a fibrin scaffold and its internal loading of growth factors, platelets, and leukocytes, with the gradual degradation of the fibrin scaffold and the slow release of physiological doses of growth factors. PRF promotes vascular regeneration, promotes the proliferation and migration of osteoblast-related cells such as mesenchymal cells, osteoblasts, and osteoclasts while having certain immunomodulatory and anti-bacterial effects. PRF has excellent osteogenic potential and has been widely used in the field of bone tissue engineering and dentistry. However, there are still some limitations of PRF, and the improvement of its biological properties is one of the most important issues to be solved. Therefore, it is often combined with bone tissue engineering scaffolds to enhance its mechanical properties and delay its degradation. In this paper, we present a systematic review of the development of platelet-rich derivatives, the structure and biological properties of PRF, osteogenic mechanisms, applications, and optimization to broaden their clinical applications and provide guidance for their clinical translation.
High-pressure high-temperature synthesis of NdRe2
Authors: Hussein Zain , Kazemiasl Nazanin , Hussaini Kenan , Vaquero Lia , Barkova Olga , Drozd Vadym , Chariton Stella , Prakapenka Vitali , Chuvashova Irina
Published: April 2024

In this study, we report the synthesis of a new cubic neodymium-rhenium metallic alloy NdRe2 through the utilization of high pressure and laser heating in a diamond anvil cell. NdRe2 crystallizes in the Fd3¯m space group with a lattice parameter equal to 7.486 (2) Å and Z = 8 at 24 (1) GPa and 2,200 (100) K. It was studied using high-pressure single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The compound crystallizes in the cubic MgCu2 structure type. Its successful synthesis further proves that high-pressure high-temperature conditions can be used to obtain alloys holding a Laves phase structure. Ab initio calculations were done to predict the mechanical properties of the material. We also discuss the usage of extreme conditions to synthesize and study materials present in the nuclear waste.
Non-invasive biomarkers for sperm retrieval in non-obstructive patients: a comprehensive review
Authors: Fontana Laura , Sirchia Silvia M. , Pesenti Chiara , Colpi Giovanni Maria , Miozzo Monica R.
Published: April 2024

Recent advancements in reproductive medicine have guided novel strategies for addressing male infertility, particularly in cases of non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA). Two prominent invasive interventions, namely testicular sperm extraction (TESE) and microdissection TESE (micro-TESE), have emerged as key techniques to retrieve gametes for assisted reproduction technologies (ART). Both heterogeneity and complexity of NOA pose a multifaceted challenge to clinicians, as the invasiveness of these procedures and their unpredictable success underscore the need for more precise guidance. Seminal plasma can be aptly regarded as a liquid biopsy of the male reproductive tract, encompassing secretions from the testes, epididymides, seminal vesicles, bulbourethral glands, and prostate. This fluid harbors a variety of cell-free nucleic acids, microvesicles, proteins, and metabolites intricately linked to gonadal activity. However, despite numerous investigations exploring potential biomarkers from seminal fluid, their widespread inclusion into the clinical practice remains limited. This could be partially due to the complex interplay of diverse clinical and genetic factors inherent to NOA that likely contributes to the absence of definitive biomarkers for residual spermatogenesis. It is conceivable that the integration of clinical data with biomarkers could increase the potential in predicting surgical procedure outcomes and their choice in NOA cases. This comprehensive review addresses the challenge of sperm retrieval in NOA through non-invasive biomarkers. Moreover, we delve into promising perspectives, elucidating innovative approaches grounded in multi-omics methodologies, including genomics, transcriptomics and proteomics. These cutting-edge techniques, combined with the clinical and genetics features of patients, could improve the use of biomarkers in personalized medical approaches, patient counseling, and the decision-making continuum. Finally, Artificial intelligence (AI) holds significant potential in the realm of combining biomarkers and clinical data, also in the context of identifying non-invasive biomarkers for sperm retrieval.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and coexisting depression, anxiety and/or stress in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shea Sue , Lionis Christos , Kite Chris , Lagojda Lukasz , Uthman Olalekan A. , Dallaway Alexander , Atkinson Lou , Chaggar Surinderjeet S. , Randeva Harpal S. , Kyrou Ioannis
Published: April 2024

Background

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common chronic liver disease, affecting 25-30% of the general population globally. The condition is even more prevalent in individuals with obesity and is frequently linked to the metabolic syndrome. Given the known associations between the metabolic syndrome and common mental health issues, it is likely that such a relationship also exists between NAFLD and mental health problems. However, studies in this field remain limited. Accordingly, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to explore the prevalence of one or more common mental health conditions (i.e., depression, anxiety, and/or stress) in adults with NAFLD.

Methods

PubMed, EBSCOhost, ProQuest, Ovid, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched in order to identify studies reporting the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and/or stress among adults with NAFLD. A random-effects model was utilized to calculate the pooled prevalence and confidence intervals for depression, anxiety and stress.

Results

In total, 31 studies were eligible for inclusion, involving 2,126,593 adults with NAFLD. Meta-analyses yielded a pooled prevalence of 26.3% (95% CI: 19.2 to 34) for depression, 37.2% (95% CI: 21.6 to 54.3%) for anxiety, and 51.4% (95% CI: 5.5 to 95.8%) for stress among adults with NAFLD.

Conclusion

The present findings suggest a high prevalence of mental health morbidity among adults with NAFLD. Given the related public health impact, this finding should prompt further research to investigate such associations and elucidate potential associations between NAFLD and mental health morbidity, exploring potential shared underlying pathophysiologic mechanisms.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021288934.
Geospatial evaluation and bio-remediation of heavy metal-contaminated soils in arid zones
Authors: Mohamed Elsayed Said , Jalhoum Mohamed E. M. , Hendawy Ehab , El-Adly Ahmed M. , Nawar Said , Rebouh Nazih Y. , Saleh Ahmed , Shokr Mohamed. S.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Soil pollution directly impacts food quality and the lives of both humans and animals. The concentration of heavy metals in Egypt’s drain-side soils is rising, which is detrimental to the quality of the soil and crops. The key to reducing the detrimental effects on the ecosystem is having accurate maps of the spatial distribution of heavy metals and the subsequent use of environmentally sustainable remediation approaches. The objective of this work is to assess soil contamination utilizing spatial mapping of heavy metals, determine contamination levels using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and calculate both the contamination severity and the potential for bioremediation in the soils surrounding the main drain of Bahr El-Baqar. Furthermore, evaluating the capacity of microorganisms (bacteria, fungi, and “Actinomycetes) to degrade heavy elements in the soil.

Methodology: 146 soil sample locations were randomly selected near the Bahr El-Baqar drain to examine the degree of soil pollution Ordinary Kriging (OK), method was used to map and analyze the spatial distribution of soil contamination by seven heavy metals (Cr, Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb, As, and Ni). Modified contamination degree (mCd) and PCA were used to assess the research area’s soil pollution levels. The process involved isolating, identifying, and classifying the microorganisms present in the soil of the study area. The study findings showed that variography suggested the Stable model effectively matched pH, SOM, and Cd values. Furthermore, the exponential model proved suitable for predicting Fe, Pb and Ni, while the spherical model was appropriate for Ni, Cr, and Zn.

Results: The study revealed three levels of contamination, with an extremely high degree (EHDC) affecting approximately 97.49% of the area. The EHDC exhibited average concentrations of heavy metals: 79.23 ± 17.81 for Cr, 20,014.08 ± 4545.91 for Fe, 201.31 ± 112.97 for Zn, 1.33 ± 1.37 for Cd, 40.96 ± 26.36 for Pb, 211.47 ± 13.96 for As, and 46.15 ± 9.72 for Ni. Isolation and identification of microorganisms showed a significant influence on the breakdown of both organic and inorganic pollutants in the environment. The study demonstrated exceptionally high removal efficiency for As and Cr, with a removal efficiency reached 100%, achieved by Rhizopus oryzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus thuringiensis.

Conclusion: This study has designated management zones for soil contamination by mapping soil pollutants, geo-identified them, and found potential microorganisms that could significantly reduce soil pollution levels.
Polymorphism rs3733591 of the SLC2A9 gene and metabolic syndrome affect gout risk in Taiwan Biobank subjects
Authors: Lin Chun-Nan , Ho Chien-Chang , Hsieh Pao-Chun , Hsiao Chih-Hsuan , Nfor Oswald Ndi , Liaw Yung-Po
Published: April 2024

Background:

Over the past few decades, gout and diseases like metabolic syndrome (MetS) have become more prevalent. Attempts have been made in Taiwan to identify the genes responsible for gout. A few gene loci, among themSLC2A9, have been identified using Taiwan Biobank (TWB) data. We, therefore, examined whether MetS could also account for the association between polymorphismSLC2A9rs3733591 and gout.

Methods:

The final analysis consisted of 73,558 subjects, of whom 2,709 had gout. To estimate the likelihood of gout occurrence based on rs3733591 and MetS, we used logistic regression models.

Results:

Rs3733591-TC + CC compared to TT genotype was associated with gout (OR, 1.15; 95% CI, 1.06–1.25). Also associated with gout was MetS (OR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.10–1.33). A significant interaction was seen between rs3733591 and MetS (p-value = 0.039). Using rs3733591-TT/no MetS as the reference group, the ORs (95% CI) for gout was 1.24 (1.11–1.38) for TC + CC/no MetS, 1.35 (1.17–1.56) for TT/MetS, and 1.39 (1.22–1.58) for TC + CC/MetS. However, subgroup analysis defined by sex showed no significant associations in women.

Conclusion:

In summary, metabolic syndrome andSLC2A9rs3733591 genotypes were interactively associated with gout in Taiwanese men, but not women.
Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer: maturation and induction
Authors: Chen Yulu , Wu Yuhao , Yan Guorong , Zhang Guolong
Published: April 2024

Tertiary lymphoid structure (TLS) is an ectopic lymphocyte aggregate formed in peripheral non-lymphoid tissues, including inflamed or cancerous tissue. Tumor-associated TLS serves as a prominent center of antigen presentation and adaptive immune activation within the periphery, which has exhibited positive prognostic value in various cancers. In recent years, the concept of maturity regarding TLS has been proposed and mature TLS, characterized by well-developed germinal centers, exhibits a more potent tumor-suppressive capacity with stronger significance. Meanwhile, more and more evidence showed that TLS can be induced by therapeutic interventions during cancer treatments. Thus, the evaluation of TLS maturity and the therapeutic interventions that induce its formation are critical issues in current TLS research. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of the existing classifications for TLS maturity and therapeutic strategies capable of inducing its formation in tumors.
Identification and validation of potential diagnostic signature and immune cell infiltration for HIRI based on cuproptosis-related genes through bioinformatics analysis and machine learning
Authors: Xiao Fang , Huang Guozhen , Yuan Guandou , Li Shuangjiang , Wang Yong , Tan Zhi , Liu Zhipeng , Tomlinson Stephen , He Songqing , Ouyang Guoqing , Zeng Yonglian
Published: April 2024

Background and aims

Cuproptosis has emerged as a significant contributor in the progression of various diseases. This study aimed to assess the potential impact of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) on the development of hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury (HIRI).

Methods

The datasets related to HIRI were sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The comparative analysis of differential gene expression involving CRGs was performed between HIRI and normal liver samples. Correlation analysis, function enrichment analyses, and protein-protein interactions were employed to understand the interactions and roles of these genes. Machine learning techniques were used to identify hub genes. Additionally, differences in immune cell infiltration between HIRI patients and controls were analyzed. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blotting were used to verify the expression of the hub genes.

Results

Seventy-five HIRI and 80 control samples from three databases were included in the bioinformatics analysis. Three hub CRGs (NLRP3, ATP7B and NFE2L2) were identified using three machine learning models. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for the hub genes, which yielded an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.832. Remarkably, in the validation datasets GSE15480 and GSE228782, the three hub genes had AUC reached 0.904. Additional analyses, including nomograms, decision curves, and calibration curves, supported their predictive power for diagnosis. Enrichment analyses indicated the involvement of these genes in multiple pathways associated with HIRI progression. Comparative assessments using CIBERSORT and gene set enrichment analysis suggested elevated expression of these hub genes in activated dendritic cells, neutrophils, activated CD4 memory T cells, and activated mast cells in HIRI samples versus controls. A ceRNA network underscored a complex regulatory interplay among genes. The genes mRNA and protein levels were also verified in HIRI-affected mouse liver tissues.

Conclusion

Our findings have provided a comprehensive understanding of the association between cuproptosis and HIRI, establishing a promising diagnostic pattern and identifying latent therapeutic targets for HIRI treatment. Additionally, our study offers novel insights to delve deeper into the underlying mechanisms of HIRI.
Proteomic analysis reveals a potential role for extracellular vesicles within the erythroblastic island niche
Authors: Ventura Telma , Fidanza Antonella , Wilson Marieangela C. , Ferguson Daniel C. J. , Lewis Phillip A. , May Alisha , Taylor Helen , Rimmer Michael P. , Gregory Christopher D. , Frayne Jan , Forrester Lesley M.
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Erythroblastic island (EBI) macrophages play an essential role in the production and maturation of the vast numbers of red blood cells (RBCs) that are produced throughout life. Their location within the bone marrow makes it difficult to study the cellular and molecular interactions associated with their action so we have used an in vitro model of the EBI niche using macrophages derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs). We previously demonstrated that the activation of the transcription factor KLF1 enhanced the activity of hiPSC-derived EBI macrophages.

Methods: To elucidate the mechanisms associated with EBI-like activity we carried out a quantitative proteomic analysis and assessed the role of extracellular vesicles using Nanosight Tracking analyses and media filtration.

Results and Discussion: Gene ontology analysis showed that many of the proteins upregulated by KLF1 were protein-binding factors, some of which were associated with the cell membrane or extracellular vesicles We demonstrated that filtration of macrophage-conditioned media resulted in a reduction in the supportive effects on erythroid cell viability and maturation implying a role for extracellular vesicles but this was not KLF1 dependent. Pathway analyses of the proteomic data revealed that proteins upregulated by KLF1 were associated with the citric acid cycle, pyruvate metabolism and ATP synthesis indicating that KLF1-activated macrophages had a metabolic profile comparable to a pro-reparative phenotype. This study has generated a proteomic dataset that could provide new insights into the role of macrophages within the EBI niche and has indicated a potential role for extracellular vesicles in the differentiation and maturation of RBCs in vitro. Further research will aid in the production of RBCs in vitro for use in disease modelling and cell therapy.
Brief research report: ETS-1 blockade increases ICAM-1 expression in activated human retinal endothelial cells
Authors: Tan Alwin Chun Rong , Ma Yuefang , Appukuttan Binoy , Lower Karen , Lumsden Amanda L. , Michael Michael Z. , Smith Justine R. , Ashander Liam M.
Published: April 2024

Intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) is a central cell adhesion molecule for retinal transendothelial migration of the leukocytes in non-infectious posterior uveitis. Inhibiting ICAM1 gene transcription reduces induction of ICAM-1 in inflamed retinal endothelium. Based on published literature implicating transcription factor ETS-1 as an activator of ICAM1 gene transcription, we investigated the effect of ETS-1 blockade on ICAM-1 levels in cytokine-stimulated human retinal endothelial cells. We first examined ICAM1 and ETS1 transcript expression in human retinal endothelial cells exposed to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) or interleukin-1beta (IL-1β). ICAM1 and ETS1 transcripts were increased in parallel in primary human retinal endothelial cell isolates (n = 5) after a 4-hour stimulation with TNF-α or IL-1β (p ≤ 0.012 and ≤ 0.032, respectively). We then assessed the effect of ETS-1 blockade by small interfering (si)RNA on cellular ICAM1 transcript and membrane-bound ICAM-1 protein. ETS1 transcript was reduced by greater than 90% in cytokine-stimulated and non-stimulated human retinal endothelial cell monolayers following a 48-hour treatment with two ETS-1-targeted siRNA, in comparison to negative control non-targeted siRNA (p ≤ 0.0002). The ETS-1 blockade did not reduce ICAM1 transcript expression nor levels of membrane-bound ICAM-1 protein, rather it increased both for a majority of siRNA-treatment and cytokine-stimulation conditions (p ≤ 0.018 and ≤ 0.004, respectively). These unexpected findings indicate that ETS-1 blockade increases ICAM-1 transcript and protein levels in human retinal endothelial cells. Thus ETS-1-targeting would be expected to promote rather than inhibit retinal transendothelial migration of leukocytes in non-infectious posterior uveitis.
Association between disability and cognitive function in older Chinese people: a moderated mediation of social relationships and depressive symptoms
Authors: Ai Fangzhu , Li Enguang , Dong Aohua , Zhang Huijun
Published: April 2024

Objective

Many previous studies have found that disability leads to cognitive impairment, and in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms between disability and cognitive impairment, the present study aimed to investigate the moderating role of social relationships, including their role as mediators between disability and cognitive impairment in depressive symptoms.

Study design

This is a cross-sectional study.

Methods

A total of 5,699 Chinese older adults from the 2018 China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) were included in this study, and PROCESS macro was used to perform simple mediator and moderator mediator analyses, which were used to analyze the relationship between depressive symptoms and social relationships between disability and cognitive impairment.

Results

The results of this study showed significant correlations between disability, cognitive impairment, depressive symptoms, and social relationships, and that depressive symptoms mediated the relationship between disability and cognitive functioning [B = −0.232; 95% CI: (−0.304, −0.164)], and that social relationships mediated disability and cognitive functioning through pathway a (Disability-Depressive Symptoms) [B = 0.190; 95% CI: (0.020, 0.036)], path b (depressive symptoms-cognitive impairment) [B = 0.029; 95% CI: (0.015, 0.042)], and path c’ (incapacitation-cognitive impairment) [B = 0.492; 95% CI: (0.298, 0.685)] to modulate the effect of incapacitation on cognitive impairment. In addition, social activities and social networks moderated the mediation model directly or indirectly, whereas social support moderated only the direct effect.

Conclusion

This study explains the intrinsic link between incapacitation and cognitive impairment in Chinese older adults, and that social relationships and depressive symptoms can directly or indirectly modulate the effects between them. This provides a basis for healthcare professionals to be able to better develop interventions that can be used to improve the level of cognitive functioning and mental health of older adults.
Genetic- and fiber-diet-mediated changes in virulence factors in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors
Authors: Wang Tao , Luo Yuheng , Kong Xiangfeng , Yu Bing , Zheng Ping , Huang Zhiqing , Mao Xiangbing , Yu Jie , Luo Junqiu , Yan Hui , He Jun
Published: April 2024

Virulence factors (VFs) are key factors for microorganisms to establish defense mechanisms in the host and enhance their pathogenic potential. However, the spectrum of virulence factors in pig colon and feces, as well as the influence of dietary and genetic factors on them, remains unreported. In this study, we firstly revealed the diversity, abundance and distribution characteristics of VFs in the colonic contents of different breeds of pigs (Taoyuan, Xiangcun and Duroc pig) fed with different fiber levels by using a metagenomic analysis. The analysis resulted in the identification of 1,236 virulence factors, which could be grouped into 16 virulence features. Among these, Taoyuan pigs exhibited significantly higher levels of virulence factors compared to Duroc pigs. The high-fiber diet significantly reduced the abundance of certain virulence factor categories, including iron uptake systems (FbpABC, HitABC) and Ig protease categories in the colon, along with a noteworthy decrease in the relative abundance of plasmid categories in mobile genetic elements (MGEs). Further we examined VFs in feces using absolute quantification. The results showed that high-fiber diets reduce fecal excretion of VFs and that this effect is strongly influenced by MGEs and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). In vitro fermentation experiments confirmed that acetic acid (AA) led to a decrease in the relative abundance of VFs (p < 0.1). In conclusion, our findings reveal for the first time how fiber diet and genetic factors affect the distribution of VFs in pig colon contents and feces and their driving factors. This information provides valuable reference data to further improve food safety and animal health.
Spatial distribution of tumor-associated macrophages in an orthotopic prostate cancer mouse model
Authors: Grayson Korie A. , Greenlee Joshua D. , Himmel Lauren E. , Hapach Lauren A. , Reinhart-King Cynthia A. , King Michael R.
Published: April 2024

Mounting evidence suggests that the immune landscape within prostate tumors influences progression, metastasis, treatment response, and patient outcomes. In this study, we investigated the spatial density of innate immune cell populations within NOD.SCID orthotopic prostate cancer xenografts following microinjection of human DU145 prostate cancer cells. Our laboratory has previously developed nanoscale liposomes that attach to leukocytes via conjugated E-selectin (ES) and kill cancer cells via TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand (TRAIL). Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was performed on tumor samples to identify and quantify leukocyte infiltration for different periods of tumor growth and E-selectin/TRAIL (EST) liposome treatments. We examined the spatial-temporal dynamics of three different immune cell types infiltrating tumors using QuPath image analysis software. IHC staining revealed that F4/80+ tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) were the most abundant immune cells in all groups, irrespective of time or treatment. The density of TAMs decreased over the course of tumor growth and decreased in response to EST liposome treatments. Intratumoral versus marginal analysis showed a greater presence of TAMs in the marginal regions at 3 weeks of tumor growth which became more evenly distributed over time and in tumors treated with EST liposomes. TUNEL staining indicated that EST liposomes significantly increased cell apoptosis in treated tumors. Additionally, confocal microscopy identified liposome-coated TAMs in both the core and periphery of tumors, highlighting the ability of liposomes to infiltrate tumors by “piggybacking” on macrophages. The results of this study indicate that TAMs represent the majority of innate immune cells within NOD.SCID orthotopic prostate tumors, and spatial density varies widely as a function of tumor size, duration of tumor growth, and treatment of EST liposomes.
Prediction of Noise Levels According to Some Exploitation Parameters of an Agricultural Tractor: A Machine Learning Approach
Authors: Barač Željko , Radočaj Dorijan , Plaščak Ivan , Jurišić Mladen , Marković Monika
Published: April 2024

The paper presents research on measuring and the possibility of prediction of noise levels on the left and right sides of the operator within the cabin of an agricultural tractor when moving across various agrotechnical surfaces, considering movement velocity and tire pressures while employing machine learning techniques. Noise level measurements were conducted on a LANDINI POWERFARM 100 type tractor, and aligned with standards (HRN ISO 5008, HRN ISO 6396 and HRN ISO 5131). The obtained noise values were divided into two data sets (left and right set) and processed using multiple linear regression (mlr) and three machine learning methods (gradient boosting machine (gbm); support vector machine using radial basis function kernel (svmRadial); monotone multi-layer perceptron neural network (monmlp)). The most accurate method, considering surfaces, from the left side data set—(R2 0.515–0.955); (RMSE 0.302–0.704); (MAE 0.225–0.488)—and the right side—(R2 0.555–0.955); (RMSE 0.180–0.969); (MAE 0.139–0.644)—was monmlp predominantly, and to a lesser extent svmRadial. On analyzing the total data sets from the left and right sides regarding surfaces, gbm emerged as the most accurate method. The application of machine learning methods demonstrated data accuracy, yet in future research, measurements on certain surfaces may need to be repeated multiple times potentially to improve accuracy further.
Combining Image Classification and Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to Estimate the State of Explorer Roses
Authors: Herrera David , Escudero-Villa Pedro , Cárdenas Eduardo , Ortiz Marcelo , Varela-Aldás José
Published: April 2024

The production of Explorer roses has historically been attractive due to the acceptance of the product around the world. This species of roses presents high sensitivity to physical contact and manipulation, creating a challenge to keep the final product quality after cultivation. In this work, we present a system that combines the capabilities of intelligent computer vision and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to identify the state of roses ready for cultivation. The system uses a deep learning-based approach to estimate Explorer rose crop yields by identifying open and closed rosebuds in the field using videos captured by UAVs. The methodology employs YOLO version 5, along with DeepSORT algorithms and a Kalman filter, to enhance counting precision. The evaluation of the system gave a mean average precision (mAP) of 94.1% on the test dataset, and the rosebud counting results obtained through this technique exhibited a strong correlation (R2 = 0.998) with manual counting. This high accuracy allows one to minimize the manipulation and times used for the tracking and cultivation process.
Enzymatic Activity in Different Crop Succession Systems in the Cerrado Region
Authors: Chaves Vanessa Brenda Souza , Guimarães Tiara Moraes , Bezerra Aracy Camilla Tardin Pinheiro , da Costa Claudio Hideo Martins , Cruz Simério Carlos Silva
Published: April 2024

The enzymatic activity of soil arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase enzymes are biological parameters used to measure the biological activity of soils, an important tool for identifying disturbances in agricultural systems, as they are more sensitive to differentiate changes in soil management when compared to physical and chemical attributes. Thus, the aim was to evaluate arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase levels in different succession systems. Soil samples were collected in agricultural areas with 5 years of experimentation, with four treatments: (1) soybean/corn + brachiaria (Urochloa ruzizienses), (2) soybean/corn, (3) soybean/brachiaria (Urochloa ruzizienses) and (4) soybean/millet. Routine chemical analyses were performed, and the determination of β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase was carried out according to the p-nitrophenyl colorimetric method. As a result, both enzymes presented higher average values in treatment 3. In the biological IQS, treatment 3 differed from treatments 1 and 2. Under the study circumstances, the use of soil with soybean, corn, millet and brachiaria crops provided adequate sustainability conditions, providing high arylsulfatase and β-glucosidase levels.
Widely Targeted Metabolomics Analysis Reveals the Effect of Cultivation Altitude on Tea Metabolites
Authors: Tian Xiaomiao , Chen Si , Zhong Qiusheng , Wang Junyu , Chen Jiedan , Chen Liang , Moon Doogyung , Ma Jianqiang
Published: April 2024

Cultivation altitude is a comprehensive environmental factor that significantly affects tea quality. To gain a deeper understanding of the effect of cultivation altitude on tea metabolites, a widely targeted metabolomic method based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to analyze tea samples derived from three altitudes (86 m, 256 m, and 880 m) of two cultivars, ‘Mingke 1’ (MK) and ‘Fuyun 6’ (FY). The results showed that distinct groups of tea samples from different altitudes and cultivars were observed based on PCA. A total of 64 and 56 altitude-related differential metabolites were identified in MK and FY, respectively. Among them, 16 compounds were consistent in both cultivars and were clustered in the metabolic pathways for flavonoid (11 compounds), amino acid (3), and fatty acid (2). The content of all flavonoids and one amino acid (L-aspartic acid) gradually decreased with increasing altitude; on the contrary, the others showed an opposite trend. Furthermore, we identified 57 differential metabolites between two cultivars. Two specific compounds (8-C-hexosyl chrysoeriol O-hexoside and pelargonidin 3-O-β-D-glucoside) were exclusively found in MK, while one compound (4-hydroxybenzoic acid) was present only in FY. These findings offer insight into the metabolic responses of tea plants to different altitudes, providing further understanding on the influence of the environment on tea plants.
Macro-Mineral Uptake, Relative Water Content, Retention Capability, and Tolerance Index of Sunn Hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) under Salinity Stress at Early Seedling
Authors: Demiroğlu Topçu Gülcan , Tenikecier Hazım Serkan , Ateş Ertan
Published: April 2024

Salt stress exerts adverse effects on yield by inhibiting or delaying seed germination and impeding seedling growth. Additionally, different salt concentrations have adverse effects on plant wet and dry weight and stem and shoot development. Crotalaria juncea L., the fastest-growing species within the Crotalaria genus, demonstrates a high degree of adaptability to both tropical and subtropical climates. To assess the tolerance of sunn hemp to salinity during the germination and early seedling stages, several indicators were determined at different (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mM) salt concentrations. Germination was conspicuously absent at salt concentrations of 250 mM and 300 mM. Notably, seedling characteristics, such as shoot length, root length, root fresh weight, seedling fresh weight, retention capability of the shoot, and the relative water content, experienced adverse effects with escalating salt concentrations. Intriguingly, the apex of seedling and root dry weights manifested at the pinnacle of salt concentration at 200 mM. Despite the discernible influence of heightened salt concentrations during the nascent seedling stage, the tolerance index was quantified at 100 mM, 150 mM, and 200 mM. Analyzing the study results through the lens of macro-minerals revealed an augmentation in Na and Cl content concomitant with increasing salt concentrations.
First-Principles Study on Thermodynamic, Structural, Mechanical, Electronic, and Phonon Properties of tP16 Ru-Based Alloys
Authors: Mnisi Bhila , Benecha Moseti , Tibane Malebo
Published: April 2024

Transition metal-ruthenium alloys are promising candidates for ultra-high-temperature structural applications. However, the mechanical and electronic characteristics of these alloys are not well understood in the literature. This study uses first-principles density functional theory calculations to explore the structural, electronic, mechanical, and phonon properties of X3Ru (X = Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, and Zn) binary alloys in the tP16 crystallographic phase. We find that Mn3Ru, Sc3Ru, Ti3Ru, V3Ru, and Zn3Ru have negative heats of formation and hence are thermodynamically stable. Mechanical analysis (Cij) indicates that all tP16-X3Ru alloys are mechanically stable except, Fe3Ru and Cr3Ru. Moreover, these compounds exhibit ductility and possess high melting temperatures. Furthermore, phonon dispersion curves indicate that Cr3Ru, Co3Ru, Ni3Ru, and Cu3Ru are dynamically stable, while the electronic density of states reveals all the X3Ru alloys are metallic, with a significant overlap between the valence and conduction bands at the Fermi energy. These findings offer insights into the novel properties of the tP16 X3Ru intermetallic alloys for the exploration of high-temperature structural applications.
A Metabolomics Study by 1H HRMAS NMR: From Sheep Milk to a Pressed-Curd Cheese: A Proof of Concept
Authors: Castejón David , Segura José , Cruz-Díaz Karen Paola , Remiro Víctor , Fernández-Valle María Encarnación , Romero de Ávila María Dolores , Villa Palmira , Cambero María Isabel
Published: April 2024

For the first time, High-Resolution Magic Angle Nuclear Magnetic Resonance spectroscopy (NMR-HRMAS) was applied to directly identify specific metabolites from a Spanish raw ewe’s milk and enzymatic coagulation pressed-curd cheese (Protected Geographical Indication: Castellano) manufactured by two procedures (traditional/artisanal vs. industrial) and including the ewe’s raw milk. The NMR parameters were optimized to study the complex matrixes of this type of cheese. In addition, conventional overcrowded 1H-NMR-HRMAS spectra were selectively simplified by a Carr–Purcell–Meiboom–Gill (CPMG) sequence or a stimulated echo pulse sequence by bipolar gradients (DIFF), thus modulating spin–spin relaxation times and diffusion of molecular components, respectively. 1H-NMR-HRMAS spectroscopy displayed important information about cheese metabolites, which can be associated with different manufacturing processes (industrial vs. traditional) and ripening times (from 2 to 90 days). These results support that this spectroscopy is a useful technique to monitor the ripening process, from raw milk to commercial ripened cheese, using a minimum intact sample, implying the absence of time-consuming sample pretreatments.
Potential of Wormwood and Oak Bark-Based Supplement in Health Improvement of Nosema ceranae-Infected Honey Bees
Authors: Glavinic Uros , Jovanovic Nemanja M. , Dominikovic Nina , Lakic Nada , Ćosić Milivoje , Stevanovic Jevrosima , Stanimirovic Zoran
Published: April 2024

Nosema ceranae, a microsporidian parasite, as one of the stressors that contribute to honey bee decline, has a significant negative impact on the longevity, productivity, and reproductive capacity of honey bee colonies. There are several different strategies for Nosema infection control, including natural-based and antibiotic-based products. In this study, we tested wormwood and oak bark-based supplement “Medenko forte” on survival, Nosema infection, oxidative stress, and expression of immune-related genes in artificially N. ceranae-infected bees. The results revealed a positive influence on the survival of Nosema-infected bees, irrespectively of the moment of supplement application (day 1, day 3, or day 6 after bee emergence), as well as reduction of Nosema loads and, consequently, Nosema-induced oxidative stress. Supplementation had no negative effects on bee immunity, but better anti-Nosema than immune-stimulating effects were affirmed based on expression levels of abaecin, defensin, hymenoptaecin, apidaecin, and vitellogenin genes. In conclusion, the tested supplement “Medenko forte” has great potential in the health protection of Nosema-infected bees. However, further investigations need to be performed to elucidate its mechanisms of action.
Echinacea Reduces Antibiotics by Preventing Respiratory Infections: A Meta-Analysis (ERA-PRIMA)
Authors: Gancitano Giuseppe , Mucci Nicola , Stange Rainer , Ogal Mercedes , Vimalanathan Selvarani , Sreya Mahfuza , Booker Anthony , Hadj-Cherif Bushra , Albrich Werner C. , Woelkart-Ardjomand Karin , Kreft Samo , Vanden Berghe Wim , Hoexter Godehard , Schapowal Andreas , Johnston Sebastian L.
Published: April 2024

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are the leading cause of antibiotic prescriptions, primarily due to the risk for secondary bacterial infections. In this study, we examined whether Echinacea could reduce the need for antibiotics by preventing RTIs and their complications, and subsequently investigated its safety profile. A comprehensive search of EMBASE, PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane DARE and clinicaltrials.gov identified 30 clinical trials (39 comparisons) studying Echinacea for the prevention or treatment of RTIs in 5652 subjects. Echinacea significantly reduced the monthly RTI occurrence, risk ratio (RR) 0.68 (95% CI 0.61–0.77) and number of patients with ≥1 RTI, RR = 0.75 [95% CI 0.69–0.81] corresponding to an odds ratio 0.53 [95% CI 0.42–0.67]. Echinacea reduced the risk of recurrent infections (RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.46–0.80), RTI complications (RR = 0.44; 95% CI 0.36–0.54) and the need for antibiotic therapy (RR = 0.60; 95% CI 0.39–0.93), with total antibiotic therapy days reduced by 70% (IRR = 0.29; 95% CI 0.11–0.74). Alcoholic extracts from freshly harvested Echinacea purpurea were the strongest, with an 80% reduction of antibiotic treatment days, IRR 0.21 [95% CI 0.15–0.28]. An equal number of adverse events occurred with Echinacea and control treatment. Echinacea can safely prevent RTIs and associated complications, thereby decreasing the demand for antibiotics. Relevant differences exist between Echinacea preparations.
Complexes of Soluble Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols from Lotus Root Regulate High-Fat Diet-Induced Hyperlipidemia in Mice
Authors: Zheng Zhan , Gao Weilan , Zhu Zhenzhou , Li Shuyi , Chen Xueling , Cravotto Giancarlo , Sui Yong , Zhou Lei
Published: April 2024

In this paper, complexes of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and polyphenols (PPs) isolated from lotus roots were prepared (SDF-PPs), as well as physical mixtures (SDF&PPs), which were given to high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. The results demonstrated that SDF-PPs improve lipid levels and reverse liver injury in hyperlipidemic mice. Western blotting and real-time quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) results showed that SDF-PPs regulated liver lipids by increasing the phosphorylation of Adenine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK), up-regulating the expression of Carnitine palmitoyltransferase1 (CPT1), and down-regulating the expression of Fatty acid synthase (FAS) and 3-hydroxy-3-methyl glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA), as well as the transcription factor sterol-regulatory element binding protein (SPEBP-1) and its downstream liposynthesis genes. Additionally, the intervention of SDF-PPs could modulate the composition of intestinal gut microbes, inducing an increase in Lachnospiraceae and a decrease in Desulfovibrionaceae and Prevotellaceae in high-fat-diet-fed mice. Thus, the research provides a theoretical basis for the application of lotus root active ingredients in functional foods and ingredients.
Multi-Automated Guided Vehicles Conflict-Free Path Planning for Packaging Workshop Based on Grid Time Windows
Authors: Yang Guopeng , Li Meiyan , Gao Qin
Published: April 2024

In order to solve the problem of multi-AGV path planning in a packaging workshop, this paper proposes a multi-AGV path-planning method based on time windows. A grid method is selected to build a map model. A penalty function is added to the A* algorithm to reduce the number of invalid turns made by AGVs during transportation. The AGV priorities are set according to the differences in AGV transport states. At the same time, the raster time window method is used to describe the five types of conflict that may occur in the process of multi-AGV transport. Combined with the AGV priorities, a multi-AGV anti-collision strategy is provided to realize the conflict-free path planning of multiple AGVs. The algorithm’s effectiveness was verified by simulation, and a reasonable quantity of AGVs was proposed based on AGV sensitivity analysis. The improved A* algorithm combined with the time window method can realize multi-AGV collision-free transportation and improve the efficiency and reliability of multi-AGV transportation.
Investigation of the Mechanical Features of Steel–Concrete Composite Girder Rigid Frame Bridges with V-Shaped Piers during Construction Stages
Authors: Zeng Yong , Yu Tao , Xiao Yunchuan , Li Weilong
Published: April 2024

Steel–concrete composite girder rigid frame bridges with V-shaped piers are a new type of bridge structure. Based on the traditional composite continuous beam bridge, part or all of the vertical piers are changed into V-shaped piers. This special structure makes them have the mechanical characteristics of both composite continuous beams and V-shaped piers. In this paper, the finite element model of the first steel–concrete composite continuous beam V-pier rigid frame bridge in China is established by simulation software, the construction process of the bridge is simulated, and the stress and deflection of the bridge in each construction stage are studied. At the same time, the stress of the completed bridge model considering the construction stage is compared with that of the completed bridge model without considering the construction stage. It is found that the stress difference between the two concrete slabs is as high as 2.7 MPa. The results show that the stress state of the bridge is greatly affected by the construction process. This study can provide guidance for the design and construction of such bridges, which is of great significance.
The Application of Intraoral Scanners in Orthodontic Care for Adolescents with Disabilities
Authors: Skomro Piotr , Lietz-Kijak Danuta , Garstka Adam Andrzej , Szczucka Lidia , Gronwald Helena
Published: April 2024

Access to dental services for young disabled patients is challenging and expensive, often necessitating treatment under general anesthesia. Additionally, ensuring accuracy during impression-taking procedures can be very difficult or outright impossible using traditional methods. Newly developed systems for capturing three-dimensional images of the oral cavity can facilitate the treatment of patients with disabilities. The research aimed to assess the timing of intraoral scanning using a scanner in orthodontic treatment, comparing disabled patients undergoing clear aligner therapy with their healthy counterparts. Scanning times were compared in two patient groups. Group I comprised patients with a certificate of disability, while Group II (control) consisted of patients without a certificate of disability. Maxillary and mandibular scans, as well as bite registration, were performed with the intraoral scanner. The mean scanning time in study Group I was 8.59 min, while in control Group II, it was 5.71 min. The results demonstrated statistical significance, reaching a significance level of p < 0.001. The scanning of disabled patients proved to be more challenging and time-consuming compared to patients in the control group. Consequently, doctors must consider the need to allocate more time to a disabled person during a visit. Despite the difficulties, disabled patients accepted this method of bite scanning. There was no need to carry out such a procedure under general anesthesia. This confirms that scanning should be the preferred method in orthodontic treatment for disabled patients.
On the Design and Implementation of a Mixed-Platform Collaborative Virtual RAS Planner
Authors: Palma Belén , Portalés Cristina , Coma Inmaculada , Gimeno Jesús , Casas-Yrurzum Sergio
Published: April 2024

Robotic Assisted Surgery (RAS) represents an important step forward in the field of minimally invasive surgery. However, the learning curve of RAS is steep, and a systematic planning of surgical robot setups should be performed to leverage the features of RAS. For this reason, in this paper we show the design and implementation of a mixed-platform collaborative system, creating an interactive virtual shared environment that simulates RAS during the surgery planning phase. The proposed system allows one or more experts to plan together the different phases of an RAS-based surgical procedure, while integrating different levels of immersion to enhance computer-assisted training. We have tested our system with a total of four domain experts. Our results show that experts found the system excellent in terms of usability and useful to prepare and discuss surgical planning with RAS.
Chemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts from Two Cultivars of Cannabis sativa L. (Tisza and Kompolti) Grown in Sardinia
Authors: Juliano Claudia Clelia Assunta , Mattu Ivana , Marchetti Mauro , Usai Marianna
Published: April 2024

The present work was aimed at the chemical characterization and antimicrobial activity of some extracts of aerial parts (essential oils from leaves and inflorescences and resins from inflorescences) of two legal hemp (Cannabis sativa) varieties, Tisza and Kompolti, grown in Sardinia. Chemical characterization was carried out by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) techniques. The main constituent was myrcene (11.75% in Tisza and 18.21% in Kompolti); delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was not found, while cannabidiol was present up to 0.36% in Tisza and up to 2.80% in Kompolti. The antimicrobial activity of these extracts against a panel of microorganisms was also determined via minimum inhibitory concentration (M.I.C.) determination. While the results showed minor or negligible antimicrobial activity of the extracts against the Gram+ and Candida strains (M.I.C. values equal to or greater than 4 mg/mL), good antibacterial activity (especially of resins) was recorded against S. aureus (M.I.C. 0.015–0.031 mg/mL); no substantial differences were detected between the chemical compositions of the two Cannabis varieties.