bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
South Africa: Its Multi-cultural Marketing System
Authors: Thorelli Hans B.
Published: November 2018

The Republic of South Africa offers the marketer a special challenge in its clear-cut stratification in multiple cultures, modulated by stronger cross-cultural currents than most outsiders perceive. Homogenization versus heterogenization as a deliberate strategy frequently becomes a critical choice.

The white minority of the population enjoys a standard of living comparable to most West European countries. The vast majority is represented by Bantu, economically better off than Negroes elsewhere in Africa.

Consumer-oriented marketing management holds a key to continued rapid improvement — and self-improvement — of Bantu life. Indeed, by effective action in this regard business may importantly contribute to the bridging of the gaps between the races, a likely condition of long-term survival of the Republic.
Interpersonal Communication and Salesman Effectiveness
Authors: Webster Frederick E.
Published: November 2018

Behavioral science offers some important new insights into the determinants of a salesman's effectiveness. These insights can lead to the development of more productive sales presentations and sales training programs to maximize the contribution of personal selling in the marketing communications program.
Cars and Clothing: Understanding Fashion Trends
Authors: Reynolds William H.
Published: November 2018

Keeping attuned to fashion trends is crucial to the success of companies in many industries. This article explains that fashion trends can be detected fairly easily if the marketer is aware of certain factors which help to determine whether a particular innovation will go on to become an accepted fashion. According to the author, fashion trends may be of two types which faciliate the prediction of peaks in fashion popularity and the point in time when the trend is likely to die out.
New Product Adoption in Industrial Markets: A Framework for Analysis
Authors: Webster Frederick E.
Published: November 2018

For marketing managers in firms whose customers are other firms, and for researchers interested in industrial buying behavior, it would be helpful to understand the process by which firms decide to adopt new products, processes, or practices. This paper develops a framework within which characteristics of the innovating firm, the nature of the innovation, and sources of information can be analyzed as an aid to that understanding.
Competitive Bidding for Marketing Research Services?
Authors: Myers James H.
Published: November 2018

Is competitive bidding currently an effective means of securing professional marketing research services? Or is this traditional approach in need of reform?

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional approach to competitive bidding. In addition, the author suggests several alternative approaches which should be of interest to those who provide and purchase such professional services.
Identifying Determinants of Retail Patronage
Authors: Stephenson P. Ronald
Published: November 2018

How do consumers choose among alternative retail outlets? What elements of a retailer's merchandising mix are critical in customers’ patronage decisions? Results of this study identify patronage motives that appear important in the choice among competing food outlets. The study also demonstrates how retailers can employ the semantic differential to obtain such market information.
Viewer Miscomprehension Findings are Measurement Bound
Authors: Mizerski Richard W.
Published: November 2018

The Jacoby/Hoyer findings of a “norm” or “natural error rate” of miscomprehension when viewing televised communication appears to be an artifact arising from using a single recognition measurement technique. Results from a recent FTC copy test suggest that significantly different levels of miscomprehension would result if other measurements such as recall were also included. The difficulty of providing a valid measure of miscomprehension is also explored.
The Organizational Context of Market Research Use
Authors: Deshpande Rohit
Published: November 2018

Very little attention has been given to the corporate situations in which marketing managers make decisions based upon market research information. This study finds that managers in more decentralized and informal organizations are more likely to use research information than managers in more highly structured firms.
Consumers' Prior Experiences and Perceptions in Auto Repair Choice
Authors: Biehal Gabriel J.
Published: November 2018

A survey examined information search for auto repair services and its determining factors. As in other decision contexts, external search was limited. Linear regression models found that consumers' prior experiences were a major determinant of search behavior. Managerial implications and future research directions are briefly discussed.
Regional-Spatial Analysis in Marketing
Authors: Grether E. T.
Published: November 2018

Regional-spatial analysis should be part of the framework of micro-macro marketing, in order to fully portray the basic hetereogeneity and entrepreneurship of modern markets and marketing. In recent years this type of analysis has been underemphasized, but given time and scholarly leadership, the balance will be restored because vertical channel and spatial organization and relations are organically linked.
The Political Economy Paradigm: Foundation for Theory Building in Marketing
Authors: Arndt Johan
Published: November 2018

This article presents an institutional, political economy paradigm in marketing as a complement to the presently prevailing microeconomic/marketing management concept. The latter framework provides insufficient tools for analyzing exchange structures and processes within and between organizations. Political economy is proposed as a more appropriate paradigm, as it focuses on authority and control patterns, conflict and conflict management procedures, and external and internal determinants of institutional change.
Interorganizational Exchange Behavior in Marketing Channels: A Broadened Perspective
Authors: Frazier Gary L.
Published: November 2018

The scope of research on interorganizational exchange behavior in the marketing channels literature has been very limited, in part because of an incomplete conceptual framework. What is urgently needed is a realistic conceptualization of the process of exchange behavior between organizations within marketing channels. As a first step, this article develops a framework of interorganizational exchange behavior designed to provide channel researchers with a broadened perspective of what research issues need to be addressed in promoting future progress and understanding in the marketing channels area.
Marketing Theory with a Strategic Orientation
Authors: Day George S. , Wensley Robin
Published: November 2018

The traditional paradigms of marketing are expanding to incorporate negotiated exchanges with internal and external coalitions in the pursuit of competitive advantage. This paper explores the implications of a broader paradigm for setting priorities in research and theory development in strategic marketing. These priorities build on conceptual and methodological strengths within marketing. The perspective taken in this paper also contributes to the continuing dialogue about the appropriate role for the marketing function in addressing strategic issues.
An International Comparison of the Determinants of Industrial Marketing Expenditures
Authors: Lilien Gary L. , Weinstein David
Published: November 2018

This paper presents an international study of industrial marketing communications spending. The study compares the results of data collected from 55 European companies on 80 products with a sample of 131 products from 29 companies representing the ADVISOR study sample in the United States. The results show that the overall relationship between the strategic variables and advertising and marketing spending levels is not different between the U.S. and Europe. Although some differences exist in the importance of individual strategic variables between the two regions, those differences are generally small.
Alternatives to the Traditional Retail Store Audit: A Field Study
Authors: Prasad V. Kanti , Casper Wayne R. , Schieffer Robert J.
Published: November 2018

A field study was conducted to empirically compare market share data yielded by weekend selldown and store purchases audit methods with those provided by the traditional store audit method, for the beer product category. In one of the two test cities, market shares based on the weekend selldown audit method were statistically different for many major brands from those based on the traditional store audit method. Market share figures computed from the store purchases and traditional store audit methods, however, were statistically comparable in both test cities. The study points to the importance of focusing attention on the conditions under which the traditional store audit method and its economical alternatives may or may not yield comparable market data.
Interfirm Influence Strategies and Their Application within Distribution Channels
Authors: Frazier Gary L. , Summers John O.
Published: November 2018

This article focuses on the use of influence strategies by boundary personnel within distribution channel relationships. Alternative strategies are discussed in terms of their operational characteristics and apparent benefits and costs. Results from a field study are used in assessing: (1) the relative and absolute frequencies of employment of these influence strategies by boundary personnel; (2) how these strategies are interrelated with respect to their frequency of use; and (3) the relationship between the boundary person's reliance on each strategy and interfirm agreement.
Public Policy, Technology, and Ethics: Marketing Decisions for NASA's Space Shuttle
Authors: Greene C. Scott , Miesing Paul
Published: November 2018

Operation of the space shuttle fleet, which offers tremendous technological opportunities, raises a number of complex marketing questions. Explication of key marketing issues may stimulate further examination by a wide variety of theoreticians and practitioners. Diverse perspectives on developing this frontier will serve as guidance to public policy makers whose decisions will profoundly affect U.S. competitive posture in world markets, competition among and within industries, and ultimately, many facets of all our lives.
Industrial Salesperson Development: A Career Stages Perspective
Authors: Cron William L
Published: November 2018

The scope of research on the development of salespeople has been very limited, in part because of an incomplete conceptual framework of salespeople's life and career changes. As a first step toward improving this situation, this article presents a framework of developing career concerns in the form of career stages. Career objectives, developmental tasks, personal challenges, and psychosocial needs of each career stage are discussed, and propositions are developed regarding the influence of career stages on salespeople's effectiveness.
The Advertising Budgeting Practices of Industrial Marketers
Authors: Blasko Vincent J. , Patti Charles H.
Published: November 2018

Spiraling inflation, rapidly increasing media costs, and the greater accountability that the advertising manager must now assume require a budget appropriation for advertising that will lead to the optimization of sales and/or profits. Results of the research reported here suggest that industrial marketers can improve their present budgeting practices by investigating the more sophisticated methods of budget setting and reevaluating the items included in the industrial advertising budget.
Causal Attributions and Expectancy Estimates: A Framework for Understanding the Dynamics of Salesforce Motivation
Authors: Teas R. Kenneth , McElroy James C.
Published: November 2018

The authors present a conceptual framework for integrating attribution theory within an expectancy model of salesforce motivation. Emphasis is placed on the development of hypotheses surrounding the effect of causal attributions on expectancy beliefs as well as on factors influencing this proposed relationship, namely, past performance information and individual differences.
The Nine Nations of North America and the Value Basis of Geographic Segmentation
Authors: Kahle Lynn R.
Published: November 2018

The utility of the concept of the “Nine Nations of North America” for segmentation was tested by comparing several geographic segmentation systems with values in a probability sample of the coterminous United States. The evidence does not mandate abandoning the Bureau of Census regions. Managerial implications are discussed.
Salesforce Socialization
Authors: Dubinsky Alan J. , Howell Roy D. , Ingram Thomas N. , Bellenger Danny N.
Published: November 2018

Successfully assimilating salespeople into an organization is a critical responsibility of sales managers, but little published research has explored this topic. The authors test a model of salesforce assimilation (socialization). The findings indicate that realism and congruence are important antecedents to several desirable job-related outcomes.
Prices and Price/Quality Relationships: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Curry David J. , Riesz Peter C.
Published: November 2018

Though price and quality are recognized as important tactical and strategic variables for a marketing manager, few empirical data are available on the behavior of price or the correspondence between price and quality over time. The authors report results for three hypotheses derived from product life cycle theory, dynamic pricing policy, and economic information theory about price trends, price convergence, and the correspondence between price and quality among brands in 62 durable product forms. Results strongly confirm the hypotheses that prices converge as well as decrease in real terms. The decline in price variation apparently results from a narrowing of prices by all relevant competitors. Brands entering or exiting a category counterbalance one another and are nearly as likely to be priced below as above a category mean. Reduced correspondence between price and quality levels over time suggests that as pricing flexibility declines, competition may occur in the form of promotional expenditures rather than relative quality improvements. Implications of these findings for marketing strategy and consumer welfare are discussed.
Distributor Power versus Manufacturer Power: The Customer Role
Authors: Butaney Gul , Wortzel Lawrence H.
Published: November 2018

Though distributor power should be affected by both manufacturer and customer market power, previous research on channel power has addressed only the manufacturer-middleman dyad. In an empirical study, the authors significantly extend previous research by demonstrating that customer market power as well as manufacturer market power has a role in determining distributor power. They also identify the specific dimensions of both manufacturer and customer market power that may affect distributor power. Finally, they discuss the implications of the findings for marketing management and future research.
Consumer Complaint Intentions and Behavior: Definitional and Taxonomical Issues
Authors: Singh Jagdip
Published: November 2018

Researchers and practitioners recently have given increasing attention to the antecedents and consequences of postpurchase consumer complaint intentions and behaviors. Issues pertaining to the nature and structure of the consumer complaint behavior (CCB) concept, however, have not received such attention. The author assesses the validity of the three current operationalizations and taxonomies of CCB using intentions data from four different and independent CCB situations. None is an adequate representation of the empirical observations. Consequently a taxonomy is proposed that is based on exploratory analysis of one of the CCB situations. Confirmatory analysis of the other three CCB situations supports the proposed taxonomy. A validity analysis using complaint behavior data for the four CCB situations also supports the proposed CCB taxonomy.
A Transaction Cost Perspective on Vertical Contractual Structure and Interchannel Competitive Strategies
Authors: Dwyer F. Robert , Oh Sejo
Published: November 2018

Despite potent theory to contrast transactional governance in “markets and hierarchies,” the variety of extant channel systems strains this dichotomy. The authors examine three contractually integrated channel systems in the hardware industry: wholesale voluntary chains, dealer cooperatives, and independents. They extrapolate from a transaction cost perspective to frame hypothesized differences in decision making structures and competitive strategic postures across relational forms. Results from a sample survey of retail informants are generally supportive.
Sex Roles in Advertising: A Comparison of Television Advertisements in Australia, Mexico, and the United States
Authors: Gilly Mary C.
Published: November 2018

In the past, research has found that the portrayal of sex roles in advertising has not reflected equality or reality. Further, studies typically have examined only U.S. advertising, leaving open the question of cultural influence on advertising's sex role portrayals. The author offers a new analysis of sex roles in advertising and compares content analysis findings for U.S., Australian, and Mexican television advertisements. Results reveal differences in the portrayal of the sexes in U.S. advertisements. Australian advertisements show somewhat fewer sex role differences and Mexican advertisements show slightly more sex role differences than U.S. advertisements. Stereotypes are found in the advertising of all three countries, but are manifested in different ways.
Technology Diffusion: An Empirical Test of Competitive Effects
Authors: Gatignon Hubert , Robertson Thomas S.
Published: November 2018

The authors provide an empirical test of the effects of competition on the adoption of technological innovations by organizations. They follow the conceptualization developed in the model they proposed previously in the Journal of Marketing. An empirical study of the factors accounting for the adoption or rejection of a high technology innovation is reported. The results suggest that firms most receptive to innovation are in concentrated industries with limited price intensity and that supplier incentives and vertical links to buyers are important in achieving adoption. The results also suggest that adopters can be separated from nonadopters by their information-processing characteristics.
Standardization of International Marketing Strategy: Some Research Hypotheses
Authors: Jain Subhash C.
Published: November 2018

Two aspects of international marketing strategy standardization are process and program standardization. A framework for determining marketing program standardization is introduced. Factors affecting program standardization are examined critically. In an attempt to establish a research agenda on the standardization issue, the author develops research propositions for each factor.
Consumer Perceptions of Interpersonal Equity and Satisfaction in Transactions: A Field Survey Approach
Authors: Oliver Richard L. , Swan John E.
Published: November 2018

Automobile purchasers were surveyed about feelings toward their inputs to and outcomes from the sales transaction, as well as their perceptions of the inputs and outcomes of the salesperson. Structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation shows two concepts advanced in the equity literature, fairness and preference (advantageous inequity), to be related differentially to input and outcome judgments. No necessary symmetry is observed between the weights attached to inputs and outcomes or between those attached to self and salesperson. When framed in a larger perspective involving satisfaction with the salesperson, the fairness dimension mediates the effect of inputs and outcomes on satisfaction whereas preference does not. The fairness influence is robust against the simultaneous inclusion of disconfirmation in the satisfaction equation. Satisfaction, in turn, is related strongly to the consumer's intention cognitions. The findings suggest that the retail sales transaction may differ in substantive ways from the subject-peer and worker-coworker comparisons in other disciplines and that models of interpersonal satisfaction in the sales transaction should include the mediating effect of the fairness dimension of equity. The managerial implications of these findings are discussed.
The Effect of Output Controls, Process Controls, and Flexibility on Export Channel Performance
Authors: Bello Daniel C. , Gilliland David I.
Published: November 2018

The authors examine international distribution channels in terms of the coordination processes that govern the relationship between export manufacturers and their foreign-based distributors. Although this relationship is mediated by market prices, manufacturers can enhance performance by relying on certain nonmarket forms of governance—control and flexibility—to manage their overseas channel better. The authors develop a model that examines both the contextual antecedents and the performance consequences of these nonmarket governance forms. One form of controls—output control—along with flexibility, is shown to enhance export channel performance, but another control form—process control—has no performance effect.
Enhancing Communication between Marketing and Engineering: The Moderating Role of Relative Functional Identification
Authors: Fisher Robert J. , Maltz Elliot , Jaworski Bernard J.
Published: November 2018

Using research in social psychology, the authors illustrate how two key routes to improve communication between marketing and engineering are dependent on the strength of managers’ psychological connection to their functional area compared to the firm as a whole (i.e., relative functional identification). In particular, they argue that relative functional identification moderates the relationship between strategies traditionally used to affect interfunctional relationships (information-sharing norms and integrated goals) and the frequency, bidirectionality, and coerciveness of interfunctional communication behaviors. In turn, these communication behaviors are linked to information use and perceived relationship effectiveness. The authors empirically test predictions of the framework in two studies. Study 1 results suggest that (1) the efficacy of the traditional strategies depends on marketing managers’ relative functional identification and (2) the traditional strategies can have negative and unintended effects on communication behaviors. In Study 2, the authors replicate and extend Study 1 by illustrating that bidirectional communication is as important as frequency in increasing both information use by engineering personnel and the perceived effectiveness of interfunctional relationships. The authors conclude with implications for theory building and managerial practice.
Crisis, Ideology, and Interventionist Policy Ratchets
Authors: Bjørnskov Christian , Rode Martin
Published: November 2018

Proper government reaction to economic crisis has long been a central element of public policy debate and is experiencing a revival after the Great Recession of 2008. Previous studies argue on theoretical and empirical grounds that crises may lead to more interventionist policies, but also cause deregulation and liberalization. This article claims that policy responses will partly depend on the core economic ideology of government, causing ideologically heterogeneous post-crisis strategies. Employing a panel of 69 countries for which salient ideology measures can be constructed, we find that growth crises between 1975 and 2015 caused larger increases in government size and regulatory policy when countries have left-wing governments. We also find some evidence of policy ratchets, meaning that certain crisis policies present a tendency to become permanent, regardless of the ideology of successive governments in power. Rolling back the public sector in size and scope seems to be possible, but our results show that, on average, it does not clearly occur as an ideologically driven reaction to anti-crisis policies.
Protective Behavioral Strategies and Alcohol Use Outcomes Among College Students: The Moderating Effects of Negative Affect
Authors: Samuolis Jessica , Loser Ashley , Tyrrell Amanda
Published: November 2018

The current study examined negative affect as a moderator of the relationships between protective behavioral strategies (PBS) used to reduce alcohol-related risk and alcohol use outcomes. Data were obtained from 267 college students using a web-based survey. The use of PBS (i.e., setting a limit on number of drinks, alternating drinks with water, avoiding drinking games) was associated with alcohol use and negative alcohol-related consequences. Negative affect symptoms moderated these relationships such that these relationships were stronger for those students who reported a greater number of negative affect symptoms. The findings indicate that the use of PBS by college students who consume alcohol are more protective for those with poorer mental health.
Setting up Internships in Technical Writing
Authors: Gloe Esther M.
Published: November 2018

Only recently has anything been written about internships in technical writing; however, teachers interested in setting up internship programs can learn from papers written on the experience of teachers of journalism and from cooperative education programs. Internship programs vary widely–some offer academic credit, some do not. Students work from four to forty hours per week for credit of one to fifteen hours; some internships pay students; some provide them with samples of their work; some use contracts, some do not; some are located on campus, some off campus; some are part of cooperative education programs; different programs require different prerequisites; and students do a number of different types of jobs. Sourcebooks can provide information about how to locate employers, how to administer programs, how to evaluate programs, and what other people's solutions to common problems have been.
A Model for Technical Communication
Authors: Hamlin Donna M. , Harkins Craig
Published: November 2018

Much has been written on and about technical communication. Most of this writing focuses on specific advice for practitioners (e.g., how to write better, typographical guidelines, proposed standards, how to produce more effective manuals, and the like). Also, considerable literature deals with the field theoretically. Often, this second category of literature is difficult to find because so much is buried under the welter of pragmatically oriented material and is interwoven with literature from related fields.

Assemblage of this hard-to-find material reveals that within the context of the considerably broader area of human communication, generally technical communication occupies a unique position. Schematic models of related human communication disciplines are used to construct an overall theoretical model which locates this specialized niche occupied by technical communication. Contributions to the overall model come from such areas as empirical social research, general semantics, learning theory, and modern rhetoric. The overall model represents an attempt to provide a catalogue of perspectives from which technical communication might be studied profitably. It also is intended to provide a useful guide to specific actions in various pragmatic and occupational technical communication situations.
Token Status and Management Aspirations Among Male and Female Employees in Public Sector Workplaces
Authors: Nielsen Vibeke Lehmann , Madsen Mikkel Bo
Published: November 2018

This study brings the literature on tokenism together with multiple theoretical lenses on the formation and social construction of men’s and women’s career aspirations. The study builds on comprehensive survey data from the Danish public sector. Results show that, after controlling for alternative explanations with respect to both personal life situation and differences between occupations, token status has a significantly negative effect on women’s management aspirations, while it has no effect on men’s aspirations to management. Furthermore, these findings are generalizable across occupational contexts. At the same time, however, analysis across occupations show that token women are mainly to be found in occupations where women have relatively high managerial aspirations. Token women are therefore characterized by aspirations to management positions, but their status as tokens minimizes these aspirations.
Online Collaboration with Whiteboard Technology
Authors: Niamtu Joseph
Published: November 2018

Introduction

Digital technology has affected the practice of cosmetic surgery in many positive ways. It has enabled surgeons to more easily obtain patient and clinical photographs and use them for a variety of purposes, including diagnoses, medicolegal records, critical evaluation of procedures, and marketing. Whiteboard technology allows online sharing of digital images with real-time ability to perform various functions. Each computer user can draw on the picture, place symbols such as arrows and circles, and perform other functions in real time. This software enables sharing of images among multiple colleagues at any location and can be used to teach and learn. It comes free with recent versions of Microsoft Windows and is relatively simple to configure and use.

Materials and Methods

This article details the basic functions of configuring a computer for whiteboard usage and describes how this technology can be integrated with cosmetic surgery patients to share information with colleagues, students, and patients.

Results

Whiteboard technology has been improved to a simple user interface that can be mastered by most individuals with average computer experience. It can be especially useful for case planning or discussing specific areas of a photograph in real time over the Internet with a single person or a group of people. This application can also be used as a free long-distance telephone. In addition, the Remote Desktop Sharing function allows a user to control the computer of another participant.

Discussion

Most doctors have been in the situation where he or she could benefit from the discussion of a patient or clinical photograph. Although this can be done with conventional e-mail, there is no interactive method. Whiteboard technology allows multiple computer users to have an interactive discussion over the Internet regarding pictures, presentations, and video. The author has used this technology to teach a procedure to another surgeon in Europe, treatment plan a cosmetic case with a resident, and discuss areas of complication with colleagues. Whiteboard technology allows a surgeon to present cases to a group with each person providing input from the comfort of their home or office, free of charge by using the Internet. Digital communication is becoming more interactive as computer technology advances, and whiteboard technology is representative of technology that can be used to enhance cosmetic surgical communication.
Novel insole design for diabetic foot ulcer management
Authors: Chanda Arnab , Unnikrishnan Vinu
Published: November 2018

Around the world, over 400 million people suffer from diabetes. In a chronic diabetic condition, the skin underneath the foot often becomes extremely soft and brittle, resulting in the development of foot ulcers. In literature, a plethora of footwear designs have been developed to reduce the induced stresses on a diabetic foot and to consequently prevent the incidences of foot ulcers. However, to date, no insole design exists which can handle post-ulcer diabetic foot conditions without hindering the mobility of the patients. In the current work, a novel custom insole design with arch support and ulcer isolations was tested for effective stress reduction in a diabetic foot with ulcers using finite element modeling. A full-scale model of the foot was developed with ulcers of different geometries and sizes at the heel and metatarsal regions of the foot. The stresses at the ulcer locations were quantified for standing and walking with and without the novel custom insole model. The effect of material properties of the insole on the ulcer stress reduction was quantified extensively. Also, the effectivity of a novel synthetic skin material as the insole material was tested for stress offloading at the ulcers and the rest of the foot. From the analyses, peak stress reductions were observed at the ulcers up to 91.5% due to the ulcer isolation in the novel custom insole design and the skin-like material. Specifically, the ulcer isolation feature in the insole was found to be approximately 25% more effective in peak stress reduction for commonly occurring ulcers with irregular geometry, over the tested regular circular ulcer geometry. Also, a threshold material stiffness was found for the custom insole, below which the peak stresses at the ulcers did not decrease any further. Based on this information, a working prototype of the custom insole was developed with custom ulcer isolations, which will be subjected to further testing. The results of this study would inform better custom insole designing and material selection for post-ulcer diabetic conditions, with effective stress reduction at the ulcers, and the possibilities of preventing further ulceration.
Eugenic concerns, scientific practices: international relations in the establishment of psychiatric genetics in Germany, Britain, the USA and Scandinavia, c.1910–60
Authors: Roelcke Volker
Published: November 2018

The article describes the emergence of research programmes, institutions and activities of the early protagonists in the field of psychiatric genetics: Ernst Rüdin in Munich, Eliot Slater in London, Franz Kallmann in New York and Erik Essen-Möller in Lund. During the 1930s and well into the Nazi period, the last three had been research fellows at the German Research Institute for Psychiatry in Munich. It is documented that there was a continuous mutual exchange of scientific ideas and practices between these actors, and that in all four contexts there were intrinsic relations between eugenic motivations and genetic research, but with specific national adaptations.
Extradyadic Sex and Gay Male Couples: Comparing Monogamous and Nonmonogamous Relationships
Authors: LaSala Michael C.
Published: November 2018

In this study, the author compared the relationship quality of sexually monogamous and nonmonogamous gay male couples. Among a nationwide surveyed sample of 121 gay male couples, no differences were found between strictly monogamous and openly nonmonogamous couples on scores of the Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS). In addition, mean DAS scores for both groups were within functional ranges. However, self-reported monogamous couples in which 1 or both members engaged in extrarelational sex were less adjusted and satisfied than their nonmonogamous and strictly monogamous counterparts. The findings suggest that for some gay men, sexual monogamy may not be a necessary component of a satisfactory, committed relationship, and social workers assisting gay male couples might need to reconsider traditional ideas about sex, intimacy, and commitment.
Examining the Relationship between Psychological Well-Being and the Need for Continued Public Assistance Benefits
Authors: Sullivan Michael K. , Larrison Christopher R. , Nackerud Larry , Risler Ed , Bodenschatz Laura
Published: November 2018

This study focuses on examining the mediating affect that psychological well-being may have on the use of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), the cash relief program under the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act. A stratified random sample of individuals in receipt of TANF volunteered to complete a comprehensive survey measuring their psychological well-being. Twelve months later, an unobtrusive check of their TANF status was conducted, and the psychological well-being of individuals still in receipt of TANF was compared with individuals who had stopped receiving benefits. The data reveal that a person's psychological well-being, with the exception of self-efficacy, is not a good predictor of TANF termination. The conclusions suggest other factors as likely contributors to TANF termination.
Accountability for Change: Solution-Focused Treatment with Domestic Violence Offenders
Authors: Lee Mo Yee , Uken Adriana , Sebold John
Published: November 2018

In this article, the authors discuss and evaluate a solution-focused treatment program for domestic violence offenders. Building on a strengths perspective, a solution-focused approach holds a person accountable for solutions instead of focusing on problems. The outcome study was a 1-group pre-and posttest design with a 6-month follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness of a solution-focused group treatment program for 90 domestic violence offenders who were ordered by the court to receive treatment. Findings of the outcome study indicated a recidivism rate of 16.7% of program participants as based on official records over a 6-year period. There was a significant improvement in participants’ relational skills in intimate relationships as evaluated by their spouses or partners and a significant increase in their self-esteem based on self-reports. Implications for treatment and research with domestic violence offenders are discussed.
Psychodynamic Perspectives on Relationship: Implications of New Findings from Human Attachment and the Neurosciences for Social Work Education
Authors: Brandell Jerrold R. , Ringel Shoshana
Published: November 2018

In this article, the historical significance of the therapeutic relationship in social casework theory and practice is discussed and elaborated on in relation to contemporary psychodynamic theories and constructs, such as the therapeutic alliance, the holding relationship, and selfobject theory. The significant contributions of investigators in such diverse fields as infant attachment, neurobiology, and feminist theory are then discussed in relation to these psychoanalytic ideas. Based in part upon recent research being conducted in such fields, a more central role is proposed for psychodynamic conceptions of relationship in the education of social work clinicians.
When Family Reunification Works: Data-Mining Foster Care Records
Authors: Cordero Antonia E.
Published: November 2018

Concurrent permanency planning policy mandates heighten the need to evaluate effective family reunification practices. This retrospective practice-based study examines positive family reunification outcomes at a New York City foster care agency. It uses a qualitative clinical data-mining methodology and the Professional Review Action Group case review model to conduct an intensive examination of 18 families’ case records. Families were mandated into care for neglect, domestic violence, or substance abuse. This paper identifies family characteristics and strength-based casework practices that emerge during examination of the foster care reunification process. The family characteristics examined include (a) family attachment bonds, (b) separation anxiety, (c) reunification ambivalence, and (d) intergenerational family patterns. In addition, 3 casework practices emerge: (a) the worker's active support of resiliency in family attachment; (b) the worker's attention to the resolution of placement separation anxiety and family reunification ambivalence, and (c) the worker's attention to intergenerational family patterns. Practice implications for refinement of foster care best practices are discussed.
A Multivariate Analysis of Pain and Distress in Adults Undergoing BMAB
Authors: Moore Amy E. , Trotta Rebecca L. , Palmer Steven C. , Cunningham Regina S. , Polomano Rosemary C.
Published: November 2018

Clinicians routinely perform bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (BMAB) to diagnose cancer and evaluate disease status; however, few studies address pain and distress with BMAB. A prospective descriptive–correlational design examined patients’ ( N = 152) ratings of pain intensity (numeric rating scale, 0-10) and distress (distress thermometer) at baseline and 5 min and 1 hr postprocedure. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, chi-square, and linear regression models. Mean postprocedure pain intensity at 5 min was moderate, 5.56 ( SD = 3.03), and opioid use was associated with decreased pain at 1 hr ( p < .001). Preprocedure administration of anxiolytics had no significant effect on distress reduction ( p = .88). Being female, first-time biopsy, and increased preprocedure pain were significant predictors of postprocedure distress ( p < .001). Treating anxiety alone may not be sufficient to lessen pain and distress. Individualized plans of care should be based on patient risk and response to procedure.
Hindfoot Arthrodesis Screw Position and Trajectory Effect on Talus Subsidence When Performed With Total Ankle Arthroplasty
Authors: Taylor Michel A. , Green Cynthia L. , Risoli Thomas J. , DeOrio James K. , Easley Mark E. , Nunley James A. , Adams Samuel B.
Published: November 2018

Background:

Total ankle arthroplasty (TAA) is increasingly being recognized as an effective surgical option for end-stage ankle arthritis. Associated hindfoot arthrodesis procedures are at times needed to correct malalignment or to address adjacent joint arthritis. Results following TAA and associated hindfoot arthrodesis have at times been underwhelming and the devascularization of the talar blood supply has been postulated as a potential cause. This study explored the association between hindfoot arthrodesis fixation and talar component subsidence.

Methods:

The study included 81 consecutive patients who underwent a TAA with either an isolated subtalar arthrodesis or combined subtalar and talonavicular arthrodesis with a minimum of 2 years of follow-up. Radiographic and clinical evaluations including patient-reported outcomes were performed at each postoperative visit. The primary outcome measure was the presence of talar component subsidence while patient-reported outcomes were the secondary outcome measure.

Results:

30.9% of patients had evidence of talar component subsidence. Subsidence was seen in 55.5% of patients with dorsal to plantar subtalar fixation compared to 11.1% of patients with plantar to dorsal screws ( P < .001) and in 44.4% of patients with screws violating the sinus tarsi compared to 3.7% of patients without screws in the sinus tarsi ( P < .001). Screws that were placed from dorsal to plantar were more likely to violate the sinus tarsi ( P < .001). Patients with evidence of talar subsidence reported higher pain scores and lower functional scores. There were 8 TAA failures, and the presence of dorsal to plantar screws was associated with failure ( P < .01).

Conclusion:

Screws that are placed across the subtalar joint from a dorsal to plantar approach are more likely to violate the sinus tarsi, contributing to a significantly higher rate of talar component subsidence when associated with TAA.

Level of Evidence:

Level II, prospective comparative series.
From Research Participants to Video Stars: Engaging Families in End-of-Grant Knowledge Translation
Authors: Ollivier Rachel , Aston Megan , Price Sheri
Published: November 2018

This article aims to describe an innovative, arts-based approach to knowledge translation (KT) by involving study participants and families in end-of-grant KT. Examples of end-of-grant KT are scarce in the literature and there is a need to better involve families and participants in various stages of health research, including dissemination. Inclusion of families in research needs to extend beyond serving as participants and on advisory boards. Inclusion of families in end-of-grant KT initiatives can provide a very rewarding experience in which they are able to contribute to enhancing the care experience for others. Our unique KT approach, titled “Mindful Matters,” provides an example of how families may be given “first voice” in creating real and relatable KT materials, such as a video.
Do Medicare Advantage Rebates Reduce Enrollees’ Out-of-Pocket Spending?
Authors: Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Wu Shannon
Published: November 2018

The majority of Medicare Advantage (MA) plans receive payments that exceed their costs of providing basic Medicare benefits. There is controversy about whether these payments are passed on to the enrollees as supplemental benefits or are retained by plans. We used survey data on MA beneficiaries’ actual out-of-pocket (OOP) spending linked to MA payment information to test whether higher plan payments and rebates lowered enrollee OOP spending. We used instrumental variables regression models to address concerns that plan payments and rebates may reflect anticipation of enrollees with particular health-spending profiles. We found that beneficiaries recovered only $0.65 of every $1.00 in payments exceeding fee-for-service spending through lower OOP spending but more than fully recovered the value of the rebates supporting supplemental benefits.
Haunting Wholeness: Inviting Ghosts on the Bridge So We Can Transform
Authors: Dominguez Cristina M.
Published: November 2018

In this article, I share my journey toward haunting wholeness in the social justice work that I am beginning to take up as a scholar, teacher, and community member. I evoke Avery Gordon’s notion of haunting, defining it as an experience in which “that which appears to be not there is often a seething presence, acting on and often meddling with taken-for-granted realities.” Investigating hauntings that take place in our lives can take us to a “dense site where history and subjectivity make social life.” Should we dwell and work in this site, should we take up hauntings and their “ghostly things,” I believe, as Gordon does, that we can conjure “a very particular way of knowing what has happened or is happening,” an affective and transformative way of knowing about our moving and relating in the world with others as social beings.
Case Studies of Men’s Perceptions of Their Online Sexual Interactions With Young People: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Kloess Juliane A. , Larkin Michael , Beech Anthony R. , Hamilton-Giachritsis Catherine E.
Published: November 2018

The aim of the present study was to gain an understanding of the perspectives of men who were convicted of committing a sexual offense that included online sexual grooming. It explores their experiences of illegal interactions with young people via Internet communication platforms, which progressed to physical meetings. Semistructured interviews were conducted with two men and analyzed using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), providing in-depth accounts of their personal experiences. These are presented in a case study format. Three dominant themes emerged from the analysis: (a) fulfilling an unmet need, (b) spiraling cycle of use, and (c) confrontation with reality. Narrative tones employed by the two men were “being trapped in a lie,” analogous to a problem narrative through which their Internet use was presented as a poor and/or failed coping strategy to deal with life stress. Through a process of habituation, their Internet use spiraled out of control. A progression was described in terms of time spent on the computer, frequency and intensity of online interactions, and the impact this had on the men’s personal lives, highlighting the “compulsive” nature of such interactions for them. A consideration of individual and situational vulnerability factors provides new insight into the progression of online sexual behavior and contributes to our understanding thereof.