bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and pathological characteristics of pulmonary meningioma: a case report and literature review
Authors: Chang Hui-Fang , Maimaitiaili Nuerdong , Huo Jun-Feng , Sun Zhu-Lei
Published: February 2025

This case report aimed to examine the clinical pathological characteristics, immunohistochemical phenotype, and differential diagnosis of primary pulmonary meningioma (PM), which is a rare tumor. A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data, imaging manifestations, histological features, immunohistochemical results, and in situ hybridization results of a 60-year-old male patient who underwent surgical resection and was diagnosed with PM by pathology. Additionally, the relevant literature was reviewed. Multiple nodules were detected in the right lung of the patient during a re-examination because of a novel coronavirus infection but there were no obvious clinical symptoms. Imaging revealed well-defined masses in the upper, middle, and lower lobes of the right lung, and the masses were surgically removed. Microscopy showed that the boundary between the tumor and surrounding lung tissue was clear, and consisted of spindle cells and epithelioid cells. The final diagnosis was multiple grade II meningiomas of the right lung. No postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy was performed. There was no recurrence or metastasis during a 6-month follow-up. Pulmonary metastatic meningioma is rare, while primary PM is even rarer. Surgical resection is the preferred treatment method for PM, with a generally good prognosis, but a few malignant manifestations may require close follow-up.
An exploration of the experience of foster carers in holding the life stories of the children in their care: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Authors: Coe Lisa , Hassett Alexander , Treisman Karen
Published: February 2025

Children who have experienced trauma require emotionally responsive parenting to support them to make sense of their early stories and build healthy relationships. Foster care can be an important resource for these children, but the task can be challenging. This study uses Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to explore the lived experiences of foster carers in holding the stories of trauma and loss brought by the children in their care. Ten local authority foster carers were interviewed, all caring for children aged between eight and 13 years and placed with them on a long-term basis. Three superordinate themes were identified from the analysis: (1) Processing the story; (2) Holding different stories; and (3) The personal and professional. ‘Processing the story’ highlighted the emotional task engaged in as carers tried to make sense of and process their child’s story, for themselves and their child. ‘Holding different stories’ captured the different ways in which the foster carer and the child’s story interacted. ‘The personal and professional’ explored the challenge of managing the personal task of care within the wider professional context, and the relationships carers held with the professional team around them. The importance of acknowledging the considerable emotional task of caring for children who have experienced trauma was identified.
Setting higher standards for migraine prevention: A position statement of the International Headache Society
Authors: Sacco Simona , Ashina Messoud , Diener Hans-Christoph , Haghdoost Faraidoon , Lee Mi Ji , Monteith Teshamae S. , Jenkins Bronwyn , Peres Mario F. P. , Pozo-Rosich Patricia , Ornello Raffaele , Puledda Francesca , Sakai Fumihiko , Schwedt Todd J. , Terwindt Gisela , Vaghi Gloria , Wang Shuu-Jiun , Ahmed Fayyaz , Tassorelli Cristina
Published: February 2025

Migraine is one of the most prevalent and disabling neurological diseases, significantly affecting quality of life and productivity, as well as contributing to substantial societal costs. Recent innovations, including calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) pathway inhibitors and onabotulinumtoxinA, have transformed migraine prevention by offering high efficacy and excellent tolerability, thus improving adherence. Clinical trials and real-world studies show that significant reductions in migraine frequency and, in some cases, complete migraine freedom is achievable. In this Position Statement, we advocate for raising the standards of migraine prevention by setting ambitious treatment goals aimed at optimal outcomes, such as migraine freedom or very low number of days with migraine or moderate/severe headache. We emphasize the importance of addressing residual migraine burden, highlighting that achieving a ≥50% reduction in monthly migraine days, although often considered a successful response, may not fully restore quality of life. Relying solely on percentage-based improvements can obscure the persisting impact of residual burden. This Position Statement does not want to change the standards for clinical trials but aims primarily at real-world clinical practice and proposes a shift from percentage-based measures of success to absolute goals while on treatment. We outline a framework that categorizes outcomes into four tiers: migraine freedom (no days with migraine or moderate-to-severe headache), optimal control (less than four days with migraine or moderate-to-severe headache), modest control (four to six days with migraine or moderate-to-severe headache) and insufficient control (more than days with migraine or moderate-to-severe headache). Focusing on residual burden while on treatment aims to further improve patient quality of life and drive innovation in preventive therapies and non-pharmacological approaches. By advocating for higher standards, this Position Statement, is not aimed primarily to drive reimbursement policies for migraine preventive treatments, but seeks to inspire clinicians, researchers and policymakers to prioritize ambitious goals in migraine prevention, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and reducing the broader societal and economic impact of this debilitating condition.
Exploring Differences Between Cognition, Reading, Math, and Attention Scores in Students With Disabilities: A Systematic Review
Authors: Stewart Alicia A. , Scammacca Nancy , Lee Young Ri , Cappelli Pierce
Published: February 2025

A large body of research documents underlying cognitive factors, many of which are shared, in students with reading disabilities (RDs), math disabilities (MDs), comorbid reading and math disabilities (RD + MD), as well as students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and students with RD and ADHD. In an effort to examine differences in reading, mathematics, and cognitive outcomes among these students, we investigated the outcomes between these groups across the published research literature by conducting a systematic review. A total of 16 studies met inclusion criteria. Data from a total of 1,910 participants across studies was used to answer our research questions. Mean effect size differences across studies highlight lower overall outcomes for students with RD + MD and students with RD + ADHD compared to students with RD, MD, or ADHD alone.
Trust, technocracy, and the public servant’s bargain: The evolving role of Canadian health leaders post-COVID
Authors: Wesley Jared , Goertz Samuel
Published: February 2025

Public servants are central in helping Canadians navigate public health crises. Before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic, these professionals have been essential to implementing widespread government interventions, sometimes amid significant public scrutiny. These experiences highlight the delicate balance public health officials maintain in a democracy: providing expert advice to cabinet to define the public good and implementing decisions to help preserve public health. Notwithstanding varying scopes for autonomous decision-making, chief medical officers of health aid elected officials in weighing tradeoffs in the pursuit of communal objectives, not by dictating them but by enabling informed decision-making. In recent years, there have been calls for public health officials to substitute their judgement for that of elected officials in issuing directives. This article explores the role of public health officials as public servants and the perils of these officials misunderstanding their roles which may undermine the effectiveness and legitimacy of policy decisions.
Patterns of Psychological Aggression and Marital Satisfaction Among Female Spouses of Men With Post-Traumatic Stress Symptoms
Authors: Schiff Miriam , Horesh Danny , Gordon Ilanit , Shoval-Zuckerman Yael , Dekel Rachel
Published: February 2025

Post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) are a risk factor for using intimate partner aggression (IPA), which has mainly been assessed from the male partner’s perspective. In the current study, we compared the rates and levels of using and experiencing psychological IPA as reported by female spouses of men with PTSS. In addition, we examined the mediating role of psychological IPA in the association between men’s level of PTSS and female spouses’ marital satisfaction. The study was based on 40 heterosexual couples who came for an assessment at a posttraumatic stress disorder couples clinic in Israel. Measures included men’s level of PTSS and female spouses’ reports on the psychological aggression sub-scale (i.e., using and/or experiencing it) from the conflict tactics scale and the couples satisfaction index. We found high and similar levels of using and experiencing minor psychological IPA. The level of severe psychological IPA was lower and ranged between 5% and 25.6%. The associations between the men’s PTSS and the women’s relationship satisfaction were fully mediated by severe psychological IPA in a similar path, regardless of whether used or experienced: Namely, higher levels of men’s PTSS were associated with female spouses’ greater severe psychological IPA which in turn were associated with female spouses’ lower relationship satisfaction. The findings support the bidirectional pattern of psychological IPA among couples in which the men have PTSS and its significant role in mediating the association between PTSS and marital satisfaction. Treatment efforts should address the longitudinal dynamic interplay between post-traumatic stress disorder, IPA, and marital satisfaction.
Developing pathways for self-reliance: urban IDPs and the negotiation of livelihood opportunities in Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Adzande Patience
Published: February 2025

This paper examines the strategies that forced migrants adopt to (re)build their livelihoods and cope with displacement while living in the city. It contributes to the growing body of research that recognizes the capacity of displaced persons to find, grow and sustain livelihood opportunities, thereby laying the foundation for self-reliance in urban areas. Focusing on a secondary city – Makurdi, in central Nigeria – the paper demonstrates how IDPs there are creating pathways for self-reliance by leveraging their social capital and their individual and collective agency. Their establishment of an informal market serves the daily needs of the host community, in addition to offering opportunities for livelihoods to the IDPs and members of the host community alike.
Assessing the Efficacy of Corporate Disclosures in Fulfilling Stakeholders’ Information Needs: A Thematic Analysis
Authors: Gangadharan Vismaya , Padmakumari Lakshmi , Balasubramaniam Vijayalakshmi C.
Published: February 2025

The main objective of any capital market regulatory system is to improve information transparency. Corporate disclosures, which include both financial and narrative information, are the most reliable sources for this purpose. Clear presentation of such information helps reduce information asymmetry. This study examines the themes in the Management Discussion and Analysis (MD&A) sections of annual reports for financial sector companies in 2017–2018 and compares them with the Jenkins report (1991) recommendations to improve nonfinancial disclosures. The study investigates whether these themes meet users’ information requirements and finds that the MD&A sections often fail to provide the necessary forward-looking information and management analysis of firm and segment performance. Additionally, the readability of the reports does not significantly enhance the fulfillment of users’ information needs. The study also explores whether the themes in the MD&A differ based on firm performance and finds a positive relationship between the disclosure of business descriptions, financial information, management and shareholder information, and firm value. Given these unmet information needs, the research highlights the importance of establishing a governance system to ensure the quality of corporate disclosures.

JEL Codes: G14, G2, G34
Comparison Between Bispectral Index and Minimum Alveolar Concentration as Monitors for Depth of Anaesthesia and Recovery Profile Using Desflurane for General Anaesthesia
Authors: Kaur Guneet , Kaur Jasmeet , Kour Arvinpreet , Singh Akashdeep , Adlakha Preeti
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims:

To enhance recovery, we can use short acting agents and monitor depth of anaesthesia. Desflurane is less soluble in blood and has good emergence characteristics. Traditionally, MAC was used to assess the depth of anaesthesia and to aid in recovery from anaesthesia. Recently, Bispectral index (BIS) monitor has gained popularity for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia.

Aims and Objectives:

The present study aims to compare the efficacy of BIS and corrected MAC as monitors for the depth of anaesthesia and the recovery profile of patients undergoing surgery under general anaesthesia

Patients and Methods

A prospective randomised comparative double blinded study was conducted. Sixty patients in the age group of 18–65 years were scheduled for mastectomy surgery under general anaesthesia with ASA grade 1 and 2 were included in the study and were randomly divided into two groups.

Group B:

Desflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain a BIS value of 45–55.

Group M:

Desflurane concentration was adjusted to maintain a target age-corrected MAC of 0.8–1.3

Observations and Results:

Patients monitored with BIS had faster awakening and less consumption of desflurane.

Conclusion:

With the use of BIS monitor, there is less anaesthetic gas consumption and early recovery from anaesthesia, which makes it a superior choice for monitoring the depth of anaesthesia.
Ex situ and in situ demonstration of amyloid fibrils for confirmation of amyloidosis using transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Polon Robert , Heard Christina R. , Gonzales-Viera Omar , Macías-Rioseco Melissa , Mete Aslı , Watson Katherine , Woods Leslie W. , Armién Aníbal G.
Published: February 2025

Confirmation of extracellular amyloid deposition across various animal species and tissue types has been a long-standing challenge in veterinary diagnostic pathology. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has historically been used to advance the understanding of amyloid fibril morphology and confirm amyloid fibril deposition when histologic methods provide unclear results. We assessed the feasibility of utilizing TEM for routine confirmation of amyloidosis as an addition to histology. We analyzed ex situ amyloid fibrils with direct, negative-contrast TEM and in situ amyloid fibrils with aldehyde-fixed, plastic-embedding TEM to confirm amyloidosis in a variety of cases in which amorphous extracellular amyloid deposits had been identified by H&E and Congo red staining. We compared the 2 TEM methods and documented amyloid fibril morphology and morphometry in 7 species (goat, guinea pig, kudu, fox, sheep, flamingo, and duck). Ex situ fibrils had helical morphology and widths of 15–18 nm across all species. Fibril crossover distances had more interspecies variation of 60–130 nm, and species could be grouped based on pitch (twist size). Twisting patterns of in situ fibrils could not be visualized, but in situ widths of 10 nm were measured across all species. In 4 different chicken cases, fibrils differing morphologically from amyloid were consistently detected via both TEM methods, suggesting the possibility of a non-amyloid deposit that is commonly diagnosed as amyloidosis based on its histologic appearance. When available, we recommend routine confirmation of amyloid fibril deposition by TEM.
Effects of Physical Therapy on Ankle Proprioception and Postural Control in People with Parkinson’s: A Semi-experimental Clinical Trial
Authors: Taheri Mahrokh , Ashtiani Mohammed N
Published: February 2025

Background

Proprioceptive sensory integration is impaired in people with Parkinson's (PwP), affecting control of the posture.

Objective

The goal of this study was to examine the effects of proprioceptive exercises on improvement of the ankle proprioception acuity, functional mobility, postural control, and quality of life of PwP.

Methods

Sixteen PwP participated in this semi-experimental clinical trial to receive proprioceptive exercises over 10 weeks. Ankle kinesthesia and repositioning acuity, four square step test, center of pressure-related balance metrics, and PDQ-39 questionnaire were measured.

Results

Ankle kinesthesia in plantarflexion is improved after the exercises (p = 0.033). Four square step test time was significantly decreased (∼780 ms) after proprioceptive exercises (p = 0.008). Significant decreases in closed eyes postural metrics of the center of pressure's maximum excursion (p = 0.008), maximum velocity (p = 0.035), total mean velocity (p = 0.004), range (p = 0.002), and variability (p = 0.002) indicated reduced instabilities. Significant correlations between the proprioception and postural metrics in closed eyes standing before the exercises were vanished to corroborate the role of improved proprioception in boosted postural control. PDQ-39 scores was also significantly decreased after the exercises (p = 0.021).

Conclusions

Proprioceptive exercises over 10 weeks improved proprioception in people with Parkinson's that caused reduced postural instabilities and consequently increased their quality of life.
SMARCB1-deficient Medullary-Like Renal Cell Carcinoma Without SMARCB1/INI1 Gene Deletion
Authors: Zhang Yanning , Zhao Jianmin , Teng Xiaojing , Chen Guangyong
Published: February 2025

High-grade renal cell carcinoma with morphology and immunophenotypic features identical to renal medullary carcinoma, occurring in a patient without evidence of sickle cell trait or disease, is proposed to be diagnosed as renal cell carcinoma unclassified with medullary phenotype (RCCU-MP) and classified as a subtype of SMARCB1-deficient renal medullary carcinoma in the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 edition. So far, about twelve tumors of RCCU-MP have been reported in the literature. Herein, we extend this observation to a tumor of RCCU-MP in a 39-year-old patient, morphologically similar to renal medullary carcinoma. SMARCB1 expression was absent by immunohistochemistry, but there was no evidence of hemoglobinopathy. The tumor cells were positive for keratin19, PAX8 and PAX2. GATA3, OCT3/4, and ALK were negative. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was conducted to detect the SMARCB1 gene locus on chromosome 22 (22q11.23 region). The results showed no evidence of deletion or translocation involving the gene. Perirenal lymph node metastases were detected. The patient did not receive any treatment. Six months after surgery, she developed a local recurrence. In addition to SMARCB1 gene deletion or translocation, other factors may be associated with the loss of INI1 (SMARCB1) protein. The presence of perirenal lymph node metastases and recurrence despite nephrectomy is indicative of the poor prognosis of this tumor. Further investigation of the relationship between the loss of SMARCB1 protein and the development of RCCU-MP might improve our understanding of the pathogenesis of this malignant tumor.
Time discretization in visco-elastodynamics at large displacements and strains in the Eulerian frame
Authors: Roubíček Tomáš
Published: February 2025

The fully implicit time discretization (i.e. the backward Euler formula) is applied to compressible nonlinear dynamical models of viscoelastic solids in the Eulerian description, i.e., in the actual deforming configuration, formulated fully in terms of rates. The Kelvin–Voigt rheology or also, in the deviatoric part, the Jeffreys rheology are considered. Both a linearized convective model at large displacements with a convex stored energy and the fully nonlinear large strain variant with a (possibly generalized) polyconvex stored energy are considered. The time-discrete suitably regularized schemes are devised for both cases. The numerical stability and, considering the multipolar 2nd-grade viscosity, also convergence towards weak solutions are proved, exploiting the convexity of the kinetic energy when written in terms of linear momentum instead of velocity. In the fully nonlinear case, the examples of neo-Hookean and Mooney–Rivlin materials are presented. A comparison with models of viscoelastic barotropic fluids is also made.
Ancient Latin-American food crops: An overview of their nutraceutical and antiobesity peptides
Authors: Hernández-Pérez Talía , Paredes-López Octavio
Published: February 2025

Most of the plants used for human consumption comprise various peptides with health benefits, such as antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, and immunomodulatory capacity. The intake of plant-based bioactive peptides is important in the prevention of some chronic diseases. Also, peptides show positive effects on lipid metabolism and mineral absorption and act as analgesic, antithrombotic, antiatherosclerotic, and opioid agents; it is pertinent to mention that peptides quite often exhibit multiple bioactivities. Bioactive peptides are released by the hydrolysis of digestive enzymes, that is, pepsin, chymotrypsin, trypsin, or by in vitro producers using specific enzymes, pH, and temperature. These peptides comprise hydrophobic amino acids, positive charge and are resistant to digestive hydrolysis by peptidases and proteases. Small peptides with a dipeptide of proline–proline at their C terminal are more resistant to gastrointestinal enzymes; otherwise, large peptides are active outside the intestinal epithelium. This review is focused on three selected ancient crops from Latin America, amaranth, chia, and quinoa, because of their outstanding nutritional and agronomic characteristics that provide a broad of functional compounds with high antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, antihypertensive, anticancer, and antiobesity capacity.
The Upside of ADHD-related Risk-taking: Adolescents With ADHD Report a Higher Likelihood of Engaging in Prosocial Risk-taking Behavior Than Typically Developing Adolescents
Authors: Braams Barbara R. , van Rijn Rebecca , Leijser Tessa , Dekkers Tycho J.
Published: February 2025

Background:

ADHD is highly prevalent in adolescents. ADHD is characterized by heightened impulsive behavior and is often associated with increased risk-taking behavior in adolescence. Previous research has mostly focused on negative aspects of risk-taking behavior. However, recently two other types of risk-taking behavior have been identified: positive and prosocial risk-taking.

Objective:

Here, we tested whether youth with ADHD are more inclined toward positive and prosocial risk-taking.

Methods:

We assessed the self-reported likelihood of engaging in negative, positive, and prosocial risk-taking in a sample of 50 adolescents with ADHD ( Mage = 16.3, SD = 1.18) and 54 typically developing adolescents ( Mage = 16.9, SD = 0.73). Regardless of group, we found that positive, prosocial, and negative risk-taking behavior were positively correlated, higher risk-taking in one domain was associated with higher levels of risk-taking in another.

Results:

Crucially, we found that adolescents with ADHD were more likely to engage in prosocial risk-taking behavior compared to typically developing adolescents. We did not find group differences for negative and positive risk-taking behavior.

Conclusion:

Together, these results show a first indication of the upside of risk-taking in ADHD.
Asset Acquisition Trends After the Repeal of the Corporate Alternative Minimum Tax
Authors: Billings B. Anthony , Musazi Buagu N. , Calderon Thomas G.
Published: February 2025

Understanding tax policy changes is vital for policymakers to assess reform effectiveness and guide future adjustments. This paper examines whether the repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax (CAMT) under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) of 2017 impacted firms’ business asset acquisition strategies. Analyzing 11,919 firm-years from 2013 to 2022, the study finds that, on average, firms acquired a lower amount of depreciable assets through operating leases and more through purchases and capital leases after the CAMT repeal. These findings provide insight into how tax changes influence firms’ decisions regarding depreciable business assets, with significant implications for the replacement cycle for business equipment and the adoption and diffusion of technological innovations.
Long-term effect of repeated low-level red light therapy on myopia control: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Ullah Saif , Umer Muhammad Farooq , Chandran Suriyakala Perumal
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Myopia is a refractive error where distant objects are not clearly seen and appear blurred. Goal of this study was to evaluate long-term effectiveness of Repeated Low-Level Red Light (RLRL) therapy for children with myopia, which primarily focused on Axial length (AL) and Spherical Equivalent Refraction (SER) as primary endpoints.

Methods

The research compared outcomes between RLRL treatment with Single Vision Spectacles (SVS) for childhood myopia management. We performed a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases using “Myopia” and “ Repeated Low-Level Red Light “. Mean differences (MD) were estimated and the effects of therapies measured. Publication bias and heterogeneity analysis were carried out by Inverted Precision Effect Test-Precision Effect Estimate Standard Error (PET-PEESE) (and subsequent Search Sequential Analysis) and Tau test. Bayesian meta-analysis was performed using Jaffrey Amazing Statistical Package (JASP).

Results

This meta-analysis comprised 1,714 participants: 824 in RLRL and 890 in SVS group. Pooled effect size for AL reduction was 0.953 ± 0.294, (95% credible interval (CI) 0.775 to 0.980). Pooled effect size for SER reduction was 1.521 ± 0.662 (95% CI 0.102 to 2.736). PET-PEESE analysis revealed no significant publication bias ( p-value 0.407). Random effects models were employed for presence of significant heterogeneity (3.9 and 5.7 for AL; 5.7 for SER), alongside degree of variation (0.828 & 1.665) for Tau (τ), which estimates the between-study variance.

Conclusion

Long-term observations indicate that RLRL treatment significantly influences myopia management, leading to considerable reductions in both AL and SER. Additional research is essential to investigate potential long-term rebound effects.
Social dominance orientation and information seeking about the Mpox outbreak
Authors: Dong Xinxia , Yang Janet Z
Published: February 2025

Grounded in the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model, this study investigated how individual characteristics and socio-psychological factors influenced Americans’ information seeking about the Monkeypox (Mpox) outbreak. The RISP model proposes that one’s cognitive need for information (i.e. information insufficiency) and desire to fulfill social expectations about their own information level (i.e. informational subjective norms) are key factors that motivate information seeking. Further, risk judgment and affective response contribute to these two primary motivational factors. Based on a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults ( N = 1000), results indicated that social dominance orientation contributed to information seeking indirectly through risk judgment, information insufficiency, and relevant channel beliefs. These findings suggest that it is important to consider individual attribute such as social dominance orientation when communicating to the public about a public health crisis that affected marginal social groups disproportionately.
Genetic colocalization of cathepsins H, D, and L1 with Alzheimer's disease: Implications for biomarker and therapeutic target discovery
Authors: Dong Yu-Ting , Luo Xiao , Zhang Li-Li , Gong Yi-Meng , Wang Dan , Zhong Dong-Ling , Li Yu-Xi , Ma Xiao-Min , Jin Rong-Jiang , Li Juan
Published: February 2025

Background

Cathepsins, a family of lysosomal proteases, have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis through their involvement in amyloid-β protein precursor processing and neuroinflammation. However, the specific roles of different cathepsins in AD remain unclear.

Objective

This study aimed to investigate the genetic associations and potential causal relationships between cathepsins and AD, using Mendelian randomization (MR) to explore their roles as biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Methods

A two-sample MR analysis was conducted using genome-wide association study data for AD and cathepsins. Genetic variants associated with cathepsin expression were used as instrumental variables. Forward MR assessed the causal effect of cathepsins on AD, while reverse MR explored the impact of AD on cathepsin levels. Colocalization analysis was performed to identify shared genetic variants between cathepsins and AD.

Results

Cathepsin H was significantly associated with an increased risk of AD (p = 0.0034, OR = 1.04), with consistent results across multiple MR methods. Colocalization analysis revealed a significant genetic overlap between Cathepsin L1 and AD (PP.H4 = 100%), suggesting a shared genetic basis.

Conclusions

Cathepsin H may be a potential risk factor for AD, while Cathepsin L1 shows promise as a therapeutic target and biomarker due to its genetic overlap with AD. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms by which these cathepsins influence AD progression and to assess their therapeutic potential in diverse populations.
Leadership-as-Sentiments: An afrocentric perspective
Authors: Eyong Joseph Ebot , Muskwe Never , Mumbi Henry , Amaugo Amarachi
Published: February 2025

This paper examines how sentiments shape perceptions and practices of leadership in 20 local community councils in four African nations: Cameroon, Nigeria, Zambia, and Zimbabwe. Theorizing emerged from data derived through interviewing, observation and historical culture analysis. Applying psychoanalytical discursive approaches and exploring through narrative encounter, microstoria and interpretation, findings indicate that sentiments is central to the conceptualization and practice of leadership in context. This makes reciprocity, respect, resilience, and representation essential for effective leadership. The sentiments perspective to leadership poses a challenge to the dominant focus on leader traits, behavior, and leader-follower dialogic dominant in mainstream accounts of leadership. The paper adds impetus to the new discourse on sentiments in leadership in cross-cultural leadership studies and locates avenues for future research.
High Verbal Intelligence in Juvenile Delinquents: Protective or Risk Factor?
Authors: Garcia Jessica L. , Mattuck Shira R. , Kovalenko Julia , Li Nan , Shelton Matthew , Quintana Diana , Grigorenko Elena L.
Published: February 2025

The current study had two aims: (a) to characterize justice-involved youth (JIY) with high verbal intelligence quotient (HVIQ) and (b) to investigate the extent to which HVIQ served as a protective factor for delinquency. This study included 1631 detained youths who received intelligence and academic achievement testing. Important risk factors of delinquency were gender, age at first offense, and race/ethnicity. In addition, associations between academic achievement scores and delinquency were observed. Verbal intelligence was unrelated to delinquency. Findings suggest verbal intelligence may not be a significant differentiator of future behavior for JIY.
Radiographic Characterization of Inferior Vena Cava and Its Reaction Following Filter Placement: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Gong Maofeng , Jiang Rui , Xu Shaorui , Liu Zhengli , Zhao Boxiang , He Xu , Kong Jie , Gu Jianping
Published: February 2025

Objective:

To classify the radiographic characterization of the inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter, as well as to quantitatively describe the dimensional alternations in response to variations in filter placement, using cross-sectional computer tomographic venography (CTV) imaging.

Methods:

A single-center retrospective study was conducted on eligible patients who underwent CTV of IVC both before and after the placement of spindle-shaped filters, from September 2018 to June 2023. Baseline data, IVC diameter and orientation pre- and post-filter placement, IVC enlargement rate, and related complications were analyzed.

Results:

A total of 70 eligible patients were included, 52 (74.3%) with type 1 IVC, 11 (15.7%) with type 2, 4 (5.7%) with type 3, 3 (4.3%) with type 4, and none with type 5. An accompanying morphological alteration turned IVC into a quasi-round shape with Lin CCC of 0.870, and orientation was significantly altered after filter placement. In patients with type 1, 3, and 4 IVCs, the mean diameter of the IVC increased almost 1.5-fold in the minor axis (95% confidence intervals [CIs]=−7.77 to −5.83, p<0.001), while only a slight expansion of the major axis to its initial size ( p>0.05). Greater IVC enlargement rate was seen in the diameter of the minor axis than in the major axis (95% CI=40.31 to 65.12, p<0.001). Notably, regional clots around the filter were found in 22 (31.4%) patients. Among them, 14 (20.0%) were located on the anterior or posterior walls of caval minor axis, 5 (7.1%) in the lateral walls, and 3 (4.3%) in the central part of the IVC filter. Patients exhibited a higher incidence of clots on anterior and posterior walls compared to lateral wall (20.0% vs 7.1%, p=0.014).

Conclusion:

The morphology of IVC shifted toward an approximated as circles after filter placement, with greater diameter changes seen in the minor axis compared to the major axis, where filter-related thrombosis most occurs.

Clinical Impact

The findings of this study offer insights into the biomechanical interaction between the inferior vena cava (IVC) and spindle-shaped filters, highlighting the anisotropic dimensional changes triggered by filter placement. The pronounced expansion along the minor axis, where filter-related thrombosis was more frequently observed, underscores a previously underrecognized risk factor for post-implantation complications. These results indicate that perioperative optimization of IVC dimensions and vigilant post-placement monitoring are crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Vitamin C supplementation in nicotine use during pregnancy: A narrative review
Authors: Edlinger Carolin von , Markert Udo R
Published: February 2025

Nicotine use during pregnancy remains a widespread problem in obstetrics, leading to complications such as intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, stillbirth, and sudden infant death syndrome. Consistent education by medical personnel is essential, as no medication or supplement has been found to prevent the dangers of nicotine use during pregnancy. If a pregnant woman is unable to quit nicotine despite intensive efforts, vitamin C, with its antioxidant properties, may help mitigate these risks, as suggested by some studies. This review summarizes current knowledge based on publications related to vitamin C, nicotine, and pregnancy. Research was conducted on the medical literature platforms PubMed and Cochrane Library, using all relevant studies to provide a comprehensive overview of the topic. The identified studies primarily examined the impact of maternal smoking and nicotine on placental function, as well as the respiratory, cardiac, neuronal, and bone systems of the offspring. They suggest that vitamin C has a generally positive preventive or protective effect, though no study has shown complete compensation for the damage caused by nicotine. Nicotine abstinence remains the most crucial preventive measure. If this is not achievable despite intensive efforts by medical personnel, vitamin C supplementation during pregnancy may be considered. With a very low side effect profile, a daily dose of up to 500 mg can be recommended. However, further studies are necessary to provide reliable data on the effectiveness and appropriate dosage, given an ethically justifiable study approach.
Accumulated training load between football players exposed to different playing times: A systematic review
Authors: Rago Vincenzo , Figueiredo Pedro , Miranda-Gonzalez Carlos-Efrain , Tessitore Antonio , Saavedra-García Miguel Á , Nakamura Fábio Yuzo , Sansone Pierpaolo
Published: February 2025

Different long-term exposure to match-play might have implications for maintaining the collective fitness levels within a football team. However, there is a lack of clarity regarding the accumulation of training and match load in football between players regularly exposed to match-play (e.g., starters) and less exposed (e.g., nonstarters, substitutes, non-selected). This study systematically reviewed the subsequent training/match load according to the different playing times of football players. Following the PRISMA guidelines on three electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science), observational studies performing a formal comparison in training and/or match load between players exposed to different playing times were screened (Prospero registration: CRD42023473037). Twenty-two studies including 484 adult males, 79 adult females and 95 youth males, reported from a minimum of 18 training sessions to a full season. The average methodological quality of the studies was moderate (74.9%). Players were mostly classified by the exposure time to the latest match among other criteria. Still, different cut-off values were adopted within the same criteria. Football players accumulated greater overall (match + training) volume and high-intensity running activities and physiological responses when exposed to greater playing time. However, a similar practice training volume, high-intensity activities, and physiological responses observed between players potentially suggests the reliance on top-up running conditioning strategies for substituted/unselected players adopted to compensate for the lower match load, albeit insufficient to compensate for the match load.
Comparison of patient-specific implants with standard plates after 3-D-planned corrective osteotomy for distal radial malunions
Authors: Bodmer Elvira , Hug Urs , Liechti Rémy
Published: February 2025

We compared 3-D-printed patient-specific implants (PSIs) with standard palmar locking plates for radiological accuracy after extra-articular corrective osteotomy for malunited distal radial fractures. Eleven patients were operated on with a PSI. Additionally, a plastic printed model of each patient was operated on with a standard plate in vitro. Three months postoperatively, radial alignment in patients and models was compared with the preoperative ideal planning using CT scans. Patients with PSIs showed smaller rotational deviations (median 7°) compared with standard plate models (9°). Deviations in the direction of translation, radial inclination, palmar tilt, radial height and ulnar variance were also smaller or similar with the PSI compared with the standard plates. The preoperative grip strength with a median of 8 kg and a Patient-Rated Wrist Evaluation score of 44 improved to 23 kg and 3 points, respectively, at a median follow-up of 13.5 months. Our results indicate superior radial alignment after PSI compared with standard plates, but the clinical relevance of these findings needs to be investigated.

Level of evidence: IV
Outcomes of proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty with the MatOrtho prosthesis after a minimum of 10 years
Authors: Sigamoney Kohila Vani , Shields David W. , Gillott Elizabeth , Boland Katy , Ricks Matthew , Talwalkar Sumedh , Trail Ian
Published: February 2025

This is a prospective case review on 100 MatOrtho proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasties in 50 patients with previously published 2-year outcomes. We report the outcomes at a minimum of 10-years’ follow-up. Sixty-three implants in 29 patients were available for analysis. The visual analogue scale score for pain revealed a significant improvement of pain at 10 years (mean 0.7, SD 1.3) compared with preoperatively (mean 4.3, SD 0.8) and at 2 years (mean 1.1, SD 1.8). There was no statistically significant improvement at 10 years compared with preoperatively in the mean grip strength (10, SD 6.7), range of motion (27°, SD 20.1,), patient evaluation measure score (43, SD 22), Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (38, SD 23) and Michigan Hand Outcome Questionnaire (65, SD 9,), but all patients remained satisfied with the surgery. Survivorship was 82% at 10 years. We conclude that this implant is suitable to use mainly for pain relief.

Level of Evidence: IV
Introducing a new device for direct in-scope suction technique during flexible ureteroscopy for kidney stone disease: an EAU Section of Endourology prospective multicenter audit using the GLITZ system
Authors: Gauhar Vineet , Traxer Olivier , Kandarthanda Nanjappa Madappa , Somani Bhaskar K. , Castellani Daniele , Sabnis Ravindra B , Ragoori Deepak
Published: February 2025

Background:

The direct in-scope suction (DISS) involves a two-way adaptor mounted on a scope to aspirate and irrigate the pelvicalyceal system during flexible ureteroscopy. While integrated suction single-use scopes manage small dust particles effectively, they cannot remove particles >250 µm and are limited by single use.

Objectives:

To evaluate perioperative outcomes of the GLITZ system, a lightweight suction accessory for flexible ureteroscopes, facilitating laser lithotripsy with integrated aspiration.

Design:

Prospective, multicenter study.

Methods:

The GLITZ system, a 100 g trigger mounted on the ureteroscope handle, integrates with an irrigation and aspiration apparatus featuring a flow-regulating sensor. A finger-trigger activates suction, stopping irrigation until released, enhancing visibility and safety by automatically stopping irrigation if blockages occur. The study involved 29 patients (November 2023–April 2024). Procedures were performed using a disposable 7.5 Fr ureteroscope, ureteral access sheath, and thulium fiber or 100 W holmium:YAG laser. Surgeons evaluated ease of use and performance. Stone-free status was evaluated at a 30-day CT scan and classified as follows: Grade A: zero RF; Grade B: single RF not up 2 mm; Grade C: single RF 2.1–4 mm; and Grade D: single/multiple RFs > 4 mm. Data are reported as median and (interquartile range).

Results:

A total of 31.1% of patients were female. The median age was 54 years. Pain was the most common complaint, and 41.8% had multiple stones. GLITZ system showed satisfactory performance in 93.1% of cases, with complete dust aspiration achieved in 62.1%. Device dislodgement occurred in 24.1% of cases. Median operative time was 40 min, achieving postoperative CT at 30 days confirmed Grade A stone-free status in 75.9%. Fever was the most common complication (10.3%), with no sepsis case.

Conclusion:

The GLITZ system in DISS shows effectiveness with a 96.6% stone-free rate (Grade A + B) at 30 days, indicating strong potential for flexible ureteroscopy, though additional studies are needed to optimize flow rates and usability.
MMSAD—A multi-modal student attentiveness detection in smart education using facial features and landmarks
Authors: Singh Ruchi , E Ramanujam , M Naresh Babu
Published: February 2025

Virtual education (online education or e-learning) is a form of education where the primary mode of instruction is through digital platforms and the Internet. This approach offers flexibility and accessibility, making it attractive to many students. Many institutes also offer virtual professional courses for business and working professionals. However, ensuring the reachability of courses and evaluating students’ attentiveness presents significant challenges for educators teaching virtually. Various research works have been proposed to evaluate students’ attentiveness using facial landmarks, facial expressions, eye movements, gestures, postures, etc. However, no method has been proposed for real-time analysis and evaluation. This paper introduces a multi-modal student attentiveness detection (MMSAD) model designed to analyze and evaluate real-time class videos using two modalities: facial expressions and landmarks. Using a lightweight deep learning model, the model analyzes students’ emotions from facial expressions and identifies when a person is speaking during an online class by examining lip movements from facial landmarks. The model evaluates students’ emotions using five benchmark datasets, achieving accuracy rates of 99.05% on extended Cohn-Kanade (CK+), 87.5% on RAF-DB, 78.12% on Facial Emotion Recognition-2013 (FER-2013), 98.50% on JAFFE, and 88.01% on KDEF. The model identifies individuals speaking during the class using real-time class videos. The results from these modalities are used to predict attentiveness, categorizing students as either attentive or inattentive.
Mini-loop technique for idiopathic isolated tricuspid valve prolapse: A case report
Authors: Matsuno Yutaro , Ikenaga Shigeru
Published: February 2025

We recently performed the mini-loop technique on a 69-year-old woman with idiopathic isolated tricuspid valve prolapse. Although the tricuspid valve leaflets showed no abnormalities, we noted a severely enlarged annulus and posterior leaflet prolapse due to rupture of the posterior papillary muscle. The procedure included four pairs of artificial chordal reconstruction using the loop technique with GORE-TEX® suture CV-4 and the insertion of the 28-mm CE Physio Tricuspid ring. Postoperatively, tricuspid regurgitation was well-controlled below trivial levels. Although the loop technique is typically used in mitral valve plasty, it may also be beneficial for tricuspid valve plasty.
Ground-truthing political elites in the public sphere: Measuring the arena effects of elite opinion
Authors: Henrichsen Tim , Leifeld Philip , Jasny Lorien , Weaver Iain , Fisher Dana R.
Published: February 2025

Political elites express their ideological positions on contentious issues across various arenas in the public sphere. Social science research often relies on data extracted from various media or political and administrative sources, as well as surveys that are administered directly with the political actor. Although some studies compare ideology across different sources, few systematically analyze how political actors adjust their ideological messaging to the audiences in the respective communication arenas and how such changes are associated with systematic bias in data sources. This paper uses a unique dataset combining climate policy belief observations from three arenas—social media, Congressional testimony, and surveys—on identical ideological variables and during the same time period. We apply item response theory to understand how responses differ by arena and find that ideological communication on Twitter is most left-leaning, Congressional testimony is most right-leaning, and surveys, the data source with the smallest potential arena effect, is in the middle. We also find that actors with strong ideological leaning moderate their positions on social media and in Congress. These findings enhance our understanding of strategic communication depending on audience context and inform social research on biases when analyzing specific data sources.