bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of hearing level in patients on long term aspirin therapy
Authors: Pokharel Apar , Bhandary Sangita
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Aspirin is a routinely prescribed drug, most notably for cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia. This cross sectional, comparative study study aims to explore differences in hearing status between the cardiovascular disease patients on aspirin therapy and age matched controls.

Methods: The study population consisted of 182 patients with heart disease taking long term aspirin (i.e., for more than one year). The control population consisted of 221 age matched controls who were not taking aspirin.

Results: It was found that age of patient, not aspirin intake, was more important risk factor contributing to hearing loss. 

Conclusions: When confounding factors like age of the patient, hypertension and diabetes were taken into account, aspirin in its antiplatelet dose was not found to be the cause of any audiological problems like tinnitus and hearing loss.
Retract p < 0.005 and propose using JASP, instead
Authors: Perezgonzalez Jose D. , Frías-Navarro M. Dolores
Published: February 2018

Seeking to address the lack of research reproducibility in science, including psychology and the life sciences, a pragmatic solution has been raised recently:  to use a stricter p < 0.005 standard for statistical significance when claiming evidence of new discoveries. Notwithstanding its potential impact, the proposal has motivated a large mass of authors to dispute it from different philosophical and methodological angles. This article reflects on the original argument and the consequent counterarguments, and concludes with a simpler and better-suited alternative that the authors of the proposal knew about and, perhaps, should have made from their Jeffresian perspective: to use a Bayes factors analysis in parallel (e.g., via JASP) in order to learn more about frequentist error statistics and about Bayesian prior and posterior beliefs without having to mix inconsistent research philosophies.
Positive Mental Health from the perspective of Iranian society: A qualitative study
Authors: Mirabzadeh Arash , Baradaran Eftekhari Monir , Falahat Katayoun , Sajjadi Homeira , Vameghi Meroe , Ghaedamini Harouni Gholamreza
Published: February 2018

Background: According to the World Health Organization, mental health relates, not only to the absence of mental disorder, but also to Positive Mental Health. Studies have shown that promoting positive mental health, not only reduces the prevalence and incidence of mental disorders, but also affects the process of treatment and reduces related burden. However, this concept has different interpretations in different cultures, and in many societies, mental health is still considered the absence of mental illness. Thus, the present study was conducted to provide an in-depth understanding of Iranian adults` perspective towards the concept of positive mental health.

Materials and Methods: In the present qualitative study, eight focus group discussions (6 to 8 adults in each session) were held consisting of 30 to 60 year-old men and women from Tehran. Data were analyzed in "DeDoose" qualitative software using content analysis.

Results: According to the data obtained, participants found no difference between positive mental health and mental health, mostly equating it to the absence of mental disorders and having positive energy, peace in and satisfaction with life. According to the results, positive mental health has four domains of emotional/psychological, spiritual, social, and life skills.

Conclusion: Understanding an individual’s positive mental health concepts culturally and providing appropriate community based programs can significantly promote the mental health of the community.
МОДЕЛЬ ЧЕЛОВЕКА ИНСТИТУЦИОНАЛЬНОГО В ТЕОРИИ И ИДЕОЛОГИИ СОЦИАЛЬНО ОТВЕТСТВЕННОГО БИЗНЕСА РОССИИ
Authors: Shulimova Anna Anatolievna
Published: February 2018

Экономическое обоснование мотивации социальной активности коммерческой структуры представлено в аналитической модели человека. В российской экономической науке исторически сложилось, что традиционные формы социальной ответственности бизнеса анализируются в рамках православной модели «человека институционального». Современная идеология социально ответственного бизнеса воспроизводит в секуляризированном виде институции социальной ответственности православного предпринимателя. Ментальные основания корпоративной филантропии в сущностных характеристиках корреспондируются с православным традициями взаимопомощи и делового сотрудничества. В ракурсе эволюционного усложнения института социальной ответственности бизнеса воспроизводство базовых элементов православной модели человека институционально расширяют адаптационные возможности субъектов корпоративного предпринимательства к конкурентной среде международного бизнеса.Цель – выявление сущностных характеристик модели «человека институционального», имплицитно представленной в теории и идеологии социально ответственного бизнеса России.Метод или методология проведения работы: в статье использовался метод диалектики, системный подход, применялся принцип историзма, а также методологический инструментарий эволюционной экономической теории.Результаты: аргументировано, что модель «человека институционального», имплицитно представленная в теории и идеологии социально ответственного бизнеса России, в значительной степени закрепляет преемственность поведенческих установок современного предпринимателя с православной моделью человека, воспроизводимой в предпринимательском сообществе дореволюционной эпохи.Область применения результатов: полученные результаты целесообразно применять при осуществлении социального инвестирования, разработке мероприятий по реализации социального партнерства и программ повышения информационной открытости российского бизнеса.
NEW MODE OF MAGISTRACY: THE “INTEGRATED” CONTROL SET-UPS TO ADVANCE AND UPGRADE OF PROFESSIONAL COMMUNICATIVE AND SOCIOCULTURAL COMPETENCIES (CREATIVE FORMS OF PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY)
Authors: Nurutdinova Aida Rustamovna , Dmitrieva Elena Viktorovna
Published: February 2018

Данная статья представляет собой попытку проанализировать период экзаменационной сессии в магистерских программах с учетом требований к языку, особенно «Деловой иностранный (английский) язык». В статье указывается, что учебным процессом должен быть весь спектр коммуникативных компетенций на иностранном языке, а также исследовательская деятельность. В статье рассматривается возможность совершенствования навыков межкультурного делового общения при подготовке студентов магистратуры высшего учебного заведения по международным проектам в рамках иностранных языков. Проанализированы федеральные государственные образовательные стандарты высшего образования; даются рекомендации по возможному видоизменению содержания иностранного языка в магистратуре.
On the Capacity of Information Processing Systems
Authors: Massoulié Laurent , Xu Kuang
Published: February 2018

We propose and analyze a family of information processing systems, where a finite set of experts or servers are employed to extract information about a stream of incoming jobs. Each job is associated with a hidden label drawn from some prior distribution. An inspection by an expert produces a noisy outcome that depends both on the job’s hidden label and the type of the expert and occupies the expert for a finite time duration. A decision-maker’s task is to dynamically assign inspections so that the resulting outcomes can be used to accurately recover the labels of all jobs, while keeping the system stable. Among our chief motivations are applications in crowd sourcing, diagnostics, and experiment designs, where one wishes to efficiently learn the nature of a large number of items, using a finite pool of computational resources or human agents.

We focus on the capacity of such an information processing system. Given a level of accuracy guarantee, we ask how many experts are needed in order to stabilize the system, and through what inspection architecture. Our main result provides an adaptive inspection policy that is asymptotically optimal in the following sense: the ratio between the required number of experts under our policy and the theoretical optimal converges to one, as the probability of error in label recovery, δ, tends to zero.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2017.1680 .
State–Corporate Crime and the Case of Bt Cotton: On the Production of Social Harm and Dialectical Process
Authors: Stańczak Dawid
Published: February 2018

State–corporate crime research has been critiqued for fetishizing events and specific institutional arrangements. In recent years, this tendency has been changing as researchers are increasingly transcending the empiricist orthodoxy by giving more attention to relations and processes behind events and institutional arrangements. This is evidenced in the UK by the work of Steve Tombs, David Whyte and Kristian Lasslett. Their complementary concepts of “state–corporate crime symbiosis” and “regimes of permission” direct the analysis of social harm at systemic relations and processes expressed through state and corporate practices constitutive of capitalism. Following from this, Kristian Lasslett's application of Marxist dialectic to the study of state crime provides a scientific vantage point for the analysis advocated by Tombs and Whyte. Drawing lessons from their works, the article attempts a Marxist dialectical analysis of the Bt cotton and its contribution to the agrarian crisis in India.
E. Stanley,
The Road to Hell: State Violence against Children in Postwar New Zealand
Authors: Barnes Olivia
Published: February 2018

None
Comparison of Generic Fluorescent Markers for Detection of Extracellular Vesicles by Flow Cytometry
Authors: de Rond Leonie , van der Pol Edwin , Hau Chi M , Varga Zoltan , Sturk Auguste , van Leeuwen Ton G , Nieuwland Rienk , Coumans Frank A W
Published: February 2018

BACKGROUND

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) in biofluids are potential biomarkers of disease. To explore the clinical relevance of EVs, a specific generic EV marker would be useful, one that does not require antibodies and binds to all EVs. Here we evaluated 5 commonly used generic markers for flow cytometry.

METHODS

Flow cytometry (A60-Micro, Apogee) was used to evaluate the ability of the generic EV markers calcein acetoxymethyl ester, calcein acetoxymethyl ester violet, carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE), 4-(2-[6-(dioctylamino)-2-naphthalenyl]ethenyl)-1-(3-sulfopropyl)pyridinium (di-8-ANEPPS), and lactadherin to stain EVs from MCF7 human breast adenocarcinoma cell line-conditioned culture medium [epithelial cell adhesion molecule positive (EpCAM+)] or platelet EVs from human plasma [integrin β3 positive (CD61+)]. Side scatter triggering was applied as a reference, and the influence of non-EV components (proteins and lipoproteins) was evaluated.

RESULTS

Di-8-ANEPPS, lactadherin, and side scatter detected 100% of EpCAM+ MCF7 EVs. Lactadherin and side scatter detected 33% and 61% of CD61+ EVs, respectively. Di-8-ANEPPS detected platelet EVs only if soluble protein was first removed. Because all generic markers stained proteins, at best 33% of platelet EVs in plasma were detected. The calcein markers and CFSE were either insensitive to EVs in both samples or associated with swarm detection.

CONCLUSIONS

None of the generic markers detected all and only EVs in plasma. Side scatter triggering detected the highest concentration of plasma EVs on our A60-Micro, followed by lactadherin. The choice between scatter or lactadherin primarily depends on the analytical sensitivity of the flow cytometer used.
Rehydration of air dried oral smears using honey
Authors: V Subashini , Ramani Pratibha , . Mpbrundha , N Anuja , J Sherlin Herald , .S Gheena , R Abhilasha , Jayaraj Giffrina
Published: February 2018

Background: Papanicolaou stains, very reliable cytological staining in diagnosis of oral carcinoma. In routine practice, 95% ethanol is used to fix the slides while preparing for Pap smears. The problems associated with pap smear such as short of supply and storage of alcohol, wet fixing of slides and transporting them to the cytology centre if the Pap smears are prepared at a peripheral centre. If an alternative method of rehydrating the air-dried oral smears is known we can overcome these problems. Until the date only few studies regarding rehydration of oral smears as a substitute for wet fixation.Aim: The aim of this study is to use honey as an alternative for rehydrating air dried oral smears.Material and methods: This study was done over than 3 months. Two sets of oral smears wet and air dried ,Overall 40 smears were examined; The first set were fixed in 95% ethyl alcohol. The other set of smears were air dried and rehydrated with honey solution(2 parts honey and 1 part saline)Both the smears were stained with Pap stain, examined for preservation of cytomorphological features and evaluated by two experienced pathologists using the light microscope.Results and analysis: This study revealed that immersion of air dried PAP smears in honey for 30 minutes is effectively same as wet smear which is routine methodConclusion: Rehydration, followed by fixation of air-dried smears, is a simple, feasible, applicable and reliable fixation technique, which is comparable to the wet-fixed conventional technique, used for oral smears and can be applied for evaluation on a routine basis.
An Assessment of the Exporting Literature: Using Theory and Data to Identify Future Research Directions
Authors: Chabowski Brian , Kekec Pinar , Morgan Neil A. , Hult G. Tomas M. , Walkowiak Travis , Runnalls Blake
Published: February 2018

Exporting research is an established facet of the field of international marketing. That stated, the radical increase in recent export activity necessitates a sustained research effort devoted to the topic. In this article, the authors provide a qualitative review of the core theoretical exporting areas and evaluate the exporting domain quantitatively over six decades (1958–2016). For the quantitative analysis, they use multidimensional scaling and apply established bibliometric principles to offer an understanding of the field and to provide suggestions for future exporting research. For the evaluations, the authors used data from 830 articles with 52,191 citations from 35 journals. Using cocitation analysis as the basis to evaluate the data, they propose a series of intellectual structure implications on exporting that relate to internationalization process stages, dynamic capabilities, knowledge scarcity, social networks, export marketing strategy, absorptive capacity and learning, and nonlinear performance relationships involving marketing channel relationships.
Exploring Potential of Fly Ash–Bentonite Mix as a Liner Material in Waste Containment Systems Under Concept of Sponge City
Authors: Buragohain Poly , Garg Ankit , Lin Peng , Hong Min , Yi Zhang , Sreedeep S
Published: February 2018

Many studies have been conducted to evaluate fly ash as an additive for the modification of hydraulic properties of soil. However, rarely are studies carried out that quantify physiochemical, strength, and hydraulic properties of fly ash–bentonite mix. Fly ash–bentonite mix may have the potential to be used as a landfill liner material instead of conventional sand in sand-bentonite landfills. Also, with the introduction of the new concept of sponge city, one of the aims of which is to minimize contamination and maximize the use of waste material, the exploration of fly ash–bentonite mix as a cover material in retention systems is highly crucial. The main objective of this study is to explore physicochemical, strength, and hydraulic properties as well as sorption characteristics of fly ash–bentonite mix. The sorption characteristics of the fly ash–bentonite mix for two heavy metals, lead ions (Pb+2) and nickel ions (Ni+2), were investigated. A criterion based on cation exchange capacity (CEC) and specific surface area (SSA) has been proposed. The study also developed correlations for estimating the CEC of soils with SSA and other soil parameters. Hydraulic conductivity decreases approximately four orders of magnitude with an increase in 30 % of bentonite. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) is found to increase first (up to 40 % fly ash) and then reduces with further increase in fly ash. Furthermore, the curing time is also found to affect UCS significantly. The findings stated that the mix of 70 % or lower fly ash content (in fly ash–bentonite mix) is able to meet standard requirements for hydraulic conductivity and UCS. The Langmuir isotherm is found to better represent sorption behavior of fly ash–expansive soil, with nickel and lead as model contaminants. All the mixes considered in this study exhibited maximum uptake of Pb+2. Sorption decreases very mildly for mixes that have some expansive soil content, whereas it reduces drastically for only fly ash content.
Iterative Kernel Principal Component for Large-Scale Data Set
Authors: Shi Weiya
Published: February 2018

Kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is a popular nonlinear feature extraction method that uses eigendecomposition techniques to extract the principal components in the feature space. Most of the existing approaches are not feasible for analyzing large-scale data sets because of extensive storage needs and computation costs. To overcome these disadvantages, an efficient iterative method for computing kernel principal components is proposed. First, the power iteration is used to compute the first eigenvalue and the corresponding eigenvector. Then Schur-Weilandt deflation is repeatedly applied to obtain other higher order eigenvectors. No computation and storage of the kernel matrix is involved in this procedure. Instead, each row of the kernel matrix is calculated sequentially through the iterations. Thus, the kernel principal components can be computed without relying on the traditional eigendecomposition. The space complexity of the proposed method is O(m), and the time complexity is also greatly reduced. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach through a series of real data experiments.
Assessment of Sputtered Chromium Oxide-Nitride Coatings
Authors: Dave Divyeshkumar P. , Patel Nicky P. , Chauhan Kamlesh V. , Rawal Sushant K.
Published: February 2018

The main purpose of this research work is to explore the formation of chromium oxide-nitride coatings by radio frequency (RF) magnetron sputtering using chromium as a target, oxygen and nitrogen as reactive gases, along with helium as an inert gas. The consequence of temperature variation on the formation of chromium oxide-nitride coatings and their properties is reported in this paper. The identification of respective oxide/nitride phases of chromium was done by X-ray diffraction. A wettability study of chromium oxide-nitride coatings was done using a contact angle–measuring system. Initially, at a lower deposition temperature of 200°C, the deposited films were amorphous. However, when the temperature was increased from 200°C to 600°C, the formation of crystalline films was observed, and its wettability behavior was transmuted from hydrophilic to hydrophobic. The influence of temperature variation on the tribological properties of mixed chromium oxide-nitride coatings is examined.
α-Tubulin Acetyltransferase Is a Novel Target Mediating Neurite Growth Inhibitory Effects of Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans and Myelin-Associated Glycoprotein
Authors: Wong Victor S. C. , Picci Cristina , Swift Michelle , Levinson Max , Willis Dianna , Langley Brett
Published: February 2018

Damage to the CNS results in neuronal and axonal degeneration, and subsequent neurological dysfunction. Endogenous repair in the CNS is impeded by inhibitory chemical and physical barriers, such as chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) and myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), which prevent axon regeneration. Previously, it has been demonstrated that the inhibition of axonal histone deacetylase-6 (HDAC6) can promote microtubule α-tubulin acetylation and restore the growth of CSPGs- and MAG-inhibited axons. Since the acetylation of α-tubulin is regulated by two opposing enzymes, HDAC6 (deacetylation) and α-tubulin acetyltransferase-1 (αTAT1; acetylation), we have investigated the regulation of these enzymes downstream of a growth inhibitory signal. Our findings show that exposure of primary mouse cortical neurons to soluble CSPGs and MAG substrates cause an acute and RhoA-kinase-dependent reduction in α-tubulin acetylation and αTAT1 protein levels, without changes to either HDAC6 levels or HDAC6 activity. The CSPGs- and MAG-induced reduction in αTAT1 occurs primarily in the distal and middle regions of neurites and reconstitution of αTAT1, either by Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibition or lentiviral-mediated αTAT1 overexpression, can restore neurite growth. Lastly, we demonstrate that CSPGs and MAG signaling decreases αTAT1 levels posttranscriptionally via a ROCK-dependent increase in αTAT1 protein turnover. Together, these findings define αTAT1 as a novel potential therapeutic target for ameliorating CNS injury characterized by growth inhibitory substrates that are prohibitive to axonal regeneration.
Vitamin D, PCOS and androgens in men: a systematic review
Authors: Trummer Christian , Pilz Stefan , Schwetz Verena , Obermayer-Pietsch Barbara , Lerchbaum Elisabeth
Published: February 2018

Background

Accumulating evidence from animal and human studies suggests that vitamin D is involved in many functions of the reproductive system in both genders.

Aim

The aim of this review was to provide an overview on the effects of vitamin D on polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) in women and androgen metabolism in men.

Methods

We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed for relevant English language publications published from January 2012 until September 2017.

Results and discussion

The vitamin D receptor and vitamin D-metabolizing enzymes are found in reproductive tissues of women and men. In women, vitamin D status has been associated with several features of PCOS. In detail, cross-sectional data suggest a regulatory role of vitamin D in PCOS-related aspects such as ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance as well as hyperandrogenism. Moreover, results from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) suggest that vitamin D supplementation may be beneficial for metabolic, endocrine and fertility aspects in PCOS. In men, vitamin D status has been associated with androgen levels and hypogonadism. Further, there is some evidence for a favorable effect of vitamin D supplementation on testosterone concentrations, although others failed to show a significant effect on testosterone levels.

Conclusion

In summary, vitamin D deficiency is associated with adverse fertility outcomes including PCOS and hypogonadism, but the evidence is insufficient to establish causality. High-quality RCTs are needed to further evaluate the effects of vitamin D supplementation in PCOS women as well as on androgen levels in men.
Gol y memoria: el fútbol en la narrativa en lengua española del XXI
Authors: Cames David García
Published: February 2018

El fútbol es un relato que el aficionado busca fijar en la memoria. La literatura aporta al balompié la creación de un universo simbólico que persigue trascender los acontecimientos de la cancha. Este artículo plantea una panorámica a través de la narrativa del fútbol en lengua española del siglo XXI, poniendo de relieve sus principales dinámicas, autores y obras. El cuento y la novela conviven durante estos años con formas híbridas a medio camino del ensayo y la ficción. Escritores a uno y otro lado del Atlántico consolidan el tratamiento literario del fútbol como motivo de indagación estética y sentimental. El gol, para muchos de ellos, puede ser epifanía, pasión y metáfora.
Sabores e amores na cozinha de Laura Esquivel
Authors: Dos Santos Jenison Alisson , Lúcio Ana Cristina Marinho
Published: February 2018

O presente artigo propõe uma análise do romance Como água para chocolate, de Laura Esquivel, numa perspectiva afetiva, com o objetivo de demonstrar como a autora mexicana utiliza recursos gastronômicos em sua narrativa para recodificar e ressignificar a expressão de sentimentos de suas personagens, como amor, ódio, austeridade e ressentimento. Abordar o romance de Esquivel a partir do escopo proposto nos permite identificar a comida e seu consumo não apenas isoladamente como um processo biológico, mas também como uma possibilidade de perceber, sentir e ler o mundo e as relações interpessoais através de uma ressonância emocional oferecida pelo dado culinário. É igualmente relevante apontar o caráter subversivo que o elemento gastronômico proporciona à diegese, uma vez que é a partir do manuseio da comida que a personagem principal, Tita De la Garza, constrói suas subjetividades e encontra a sua própria voz em um espaço de opressão.
As cidades de Juan Carlos Onetti
Authors: Müller Iuri Almeida
Published: February 2018

Este trabalho busca analisar a forma com que o espaço urbano é representado na primeira fase de escritura do autor uruguaio Juan Carlos Onetti, bem como os elementos utilizados na construção literária de Santa María, cidade ficcional criada por Onetti e que está presente em seus contos e romances, como A vida breve. Da mesma forma, a partir da observação de mapas, o ensaio busca compreender como o deslocamento dos personagens, nos contos “Regreso al sur”, de Onetti, e “El sur”, de Jorge Luis Borges, explicita questões culturais e geográficas referentes à cidade moderna – neste caso, a cidade de Buenos Aires.
Presentation
Authors: Kohlrausch Regina
Published: February 2018

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Todos os tradutores o tradutor: literatura e tradução na obra de Julio Cortázar
Authors: Baladão Janaína De Azevedo
Published: February 2018

Julio Cortázar, escritor e intelectual argentino, nasceu na Embaixada da Argentinaem Bruxelas, em 26 de agosto de 1914, e faleceu em Paris, no dia 12 de fevereiro de 1984. Oconjunto de sua produção inclui poesia, contos, ensaios, romances, entrevistas, músicas e umavasta correspondência. Seguindo uma leitura sistemática de sua obra, é possível perceber aimbricação entre o processo de criação literária do escritor e o ofício de tradutor que exerceu aolongo de sua vida. O presente trabalho, nesse sentido, busca pontuar a importância da traduçãopara a formação do escritor Julio Cortázar, por meio de análise de sua própria obra, entrevistas,sobretudo as que foram concedidas a Harss (2012), Prego Gadea (1985), González Bermejo(2002) e Picón Garfield (1996), e demais textos críticos e biográficos, nomeadamente, Herráez(2011), Goloboff (1998) e Maturo (2004). Como instrumento metodológico, selecionamosmenções a traduções literárias, referências à tradução ou ao ofício de tradutor e textos nosquais encontramos a opinião de Cortázar sobre o ofício de traduzir, relacionando-os entre si,já que parecem fazer parte do que se poderia chamar de uma “constelação de figuras” que seinterligam. Os resultados apontam para a constatação da total relevância do ofício tradutóriona vida e na obra do escritor.
Las revistas: ¿Fin de un proyecto?
Authors: Pesce Pablo Hugo Rocca
Published: February 2018

Después de servir como conducto principal para la trasmisión del pensamiento y para la circulación de los textos literarios durante toda la edad moderna, las revistas están amenazadas por el imperio de Internet. Este artículo revisa algunos momentos en que la producción textual, los autores, los bienes culturales y los lectores se traman desde el periodismo y la revista cultural (sobre todo literaria), a partir de varios ejemplos latinoamericanos, para concluir en algunas propuestas sobre las actuales posibilidades.
Caracterización morfológica de los estadios larvales L2 y L3 de Dynastes hercules occidentalis (Melolonthidae: Dynastinae)
Authors: Villamarín-Cortez Santiago , Yánez-Coronel Javier , Campoverde Mayra
Published: February 2018

This study provides data on the morphological characteristics of second and third larval instar from Dynastes hercules occidentallis Lachaume, 1985 (Coleoptera, Melolonthindae, Dynastynae), bred in captivity, a species highly manageable potential from the Metropolitan District of Quito, Ecuador. Chaetotaxy, mouthparts, internal and external structures of each tagma, weight, height, etc., are analyzed to produce a detailed characterization that allows precise differentiation of larval stages.
Relative and absolute density estimates of land planarians (Platyhelminthes, Tricladida) in urban rainforest patches
Authors: Carbayo Fernando , Matarensi Junior Odair , Jucá Marília
Published: February 2018

Land planarians (Platyhelminthes) are likely important components of the soil cryptofauna, although relevant aspects of their ecology such as their density remain largely unstudied. We investigated absolute and relative densities of flatworms in three patches of secondary Brazilian Atlantic rainforest in an urban environment. Two methods of sampling were carried out, one consisting of 90 hours of active search in delimited plots covering 6,000 m² over a year, and the other consisting of leaf litter extraction from a 60 m² soil area, totaling 480‑600 l leaf litter. We found 288 specimens of 16 species belonging to the genera Geobia, Geoplana, Issoca, Luteostriata, Obama, Paraba, Pasipha, Rhynchodemus, Xerapoa, and the exotic species Bipalium kewense and Dolichoplana striata. Specimens up to 10 mm long were mostly sampled only with the leaf litter extraction method. Absolute densities, calculated from data obtained with leaf litter extraction, ranged between 1.25 and 2.10 individuals m‑². These values are 30 to 161 times higher than relative densities, calculated from data obtained by active search. Since most common sampling method used in land planarian studies on species composition and faunal inventories is active search for a few hours in a locality, our results suggest that small species might be overlooked. It remains to be tested whether similar densities of this cryptofauna are also found in primary forests.
Influência do ciclo lunar no padrão de atividade de Cuniculus paca (Rodentia: Cuniculidae) em uma floresta de Mata Atlântica no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Pereira Alan Deivid , Bastiani Elvira de , Bazilio Sérgio
Published: February 2018

Information on the activity period is relevant to understand how species adapt themselves and persist in their environment. The influence of moonlight on the activity pattern of mammals has already been reported for certain species. Ten photo-traps set during 12 months were distributed in a fragment of the Atlantic Rainforest in southern Brazil to verify whether moon phases had any effect on the activity period of Cuniculus paca. Ninety-six registers of C. paca were obtained in 8,928 hours of photo-traps. A prevalent night activity pattern (92%) was reported, with most registries occurring during the new moon phase (40%) and the lowest number during the full moon phase (12%), with differences between activity peaks according to the moon phases. Data showed that C. paca reacts negatively to high moonlight and decreases its circadian cycle in nights with a full moon.
A simple method for detecting cracks in soil–cement reinforcement for centrifuge modelling
Authors: Tamura Shuji , Khosravi Mohammad , Wilson Daniel , Rayamajhi Deepak , Boulanger Ross W. , Olgun Celal Guney , Wang Yongzhi
Published: February 2018

This paper presents the development, implementation and experimental evaluation of a new crack detection mechanism for centrifuge modelling. The proposed mechanism is a brittle conductor bonded to cement providing a binary indication of if, and when, a sensor is cracked. The results of a pair of large centrifuge tests were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed crack detection mechanism. Each test model included a soil profile consisting of a 23 m thick layer of lightly over-consolidated clay, underlain and overlain by thin layers of dense sand. The centrifuge models had two separate zones, a zone without reinforcement and a zone with an ‘embedded’ soil–cement grid, which had a unit cell area replacement ratio Ar = 24%. Models were subjected to 13 different shaking events with peak base accelerations ranging from 0·01 to 0·55g. The performance of the proposed crack detection mechanism was examined using (i) post-test crack mapping in the soil–cement grids, (ii) results of the crack detection system and (iii) time series of accelerations, displacements and footing rotation. The results from the centrifuge test showed that the proposed crack detection method accurately captured if, and when, cracking occurred in the soil–cement grid at the locations of the sensors.
La paradoja del proceso de postconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Madariaga Orozco Camilo , Molinares Brito Carmen , Valencia Steffy Baena
Published: February 2018

Este artículo es el producto de la relación entre las instituciones estatales y el desarrollo económico en Colombia, sin el marco de referencia del posconflicto. Es un análisis que evidencia que el desarrollo económico de Colombia es insuficiente porque no lo sostienen instituciones que reflexionen sobre la estructura social y por el contrario, muestran la existencia de una debilidad del Estado a nivel judicial y las fallas en la organización de ciudades y en designación de estos grupos al margen de la ley en las zonas rurales, lo cual ha implicado que el conflicto se intensifique y también se perpetue en la urbe.
La interpretación jurídica en el litigio estratégico en defensa de los derechos humanos en Colombia
Authors: Pabón Arrieta Juan Antonio , Torres Arguelles Alfredo
Published: February 2018

La interpretación jurídica necesariamente es una actividad intelectual de naturaleza práctica, por lo que no es de naturaleza teórica como un saber puro, sino estratégica, marcada por el resultado a obtenerse. La interpretación jurídica es una labor guiada por el interés particular de resolver un caso que requiere de una solución, para que los derechos, cuyo amparo se pretende, logren ser realizados y garantizados por el Estado y por las autoridades, en beneficio de los que luchan por la justicia. La interpretación jurídica, por tanto, es una labor de orden espiritual que persigue que el ideal ético de la justicia, la virtud ética de la justicia, se realice en forma material. En otras palabras, la interpretación jurídica tiene que ser guiada no solamente por la Ciencia y la Técnica Jurídica, sino por la complejidad de las ciencias del espíritu – conocidas como las ciencias humanas. Una particular interpretación jurídica tiene relevancia particular, la que se realiza en materia de la protección y garantía de los derechos humanos. La interpretación jurídica en materia de derechos humanos, está signada por la misión estratégica de garantizar la protección de los derechos humanos, por lo que impone seguir un conjunto de valores y principios universales que tienen una particular fuerza normativa. Una nueva hermenéutica jurídica está al orden del día.
Revistas USB y tendencias de la ciencia
Authors: Rodríguez-Serpa Ferney Asdrúbal
Published: February 2018

Los sistemas de publicaciones en Colombia y en el mundo posibilitan hoy determinar las tendencias de la ciencia en diferentes niveles de desarrollo científico, pero sobre todo en distintos escenarios geográficos de conformidad a las necesidades demandadas en cada contexto. De otra parte, estas tendencias también se determinan por los intereses compartidos de las microcomunidades científicas, es decir las que se validan desde el envío del producto científico, hasta el papel de los árbitros o pares expertos que finalmente definen a través del rigor evaluativo, lo que se recomienda publicar.
Jurisprudencia de principios e interpretación de la constitución: el escenario de la corte constitucional colombiana
Authors: Bechara Llanos Abraham Zamir
Published: February 2018

Presentamos un análisis de la interpretación de los derechos fundamentales en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional Colombiana, como herramienta hermenéutica en la interpretación constitucional ligada al desarrollo jurisprudencial. Como superación de la tradición legalista para la consolidación del Estado constitucional. Nuestro propósito es mostrar el surgimiento de una nueva metodología de revisión jurisprudencial, que denominamos jurisprudencia de principios. Esta se estructura, en evidencias empíricas en la jurisprudencia constitucional colombiana, que establecen enlaces teóricos con los principales cultores de esta posición a nivel mundial. Nuestro objetivo principal es mostrar en la construcción de los derechos fundamentales, su desarrollo normativo como principios en la jurisprudencia constitucional. Para esta labor como precisiones metodológicas utilizaremos dos principios, los cuales se expresan y desarrollan en nuestra Constitución y en la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional: los principios Dignidad humana y Autonomía. Como conclusiones, identificamos que la labor de interpretación que hace la Corte Constitucional de Colombia en sentido de jurisprudencia de principios, utiliza el precedente constitucional como subregla a modo de punto medio, a la interface jurisprudencial-normativa; entre regla, precedente y principio. Situándose como “enlace de conexión material”.
Presupuestos configurativos de responsabilidad del estado legislador
Authors: Mejia Turizo Jorge , Navarro Villacob José
Published: February 2018

En este artículo  se desarrollará una de las forma de responsabilidad por daños en que puede incurrir el Estado,  denominada  por algunos responsabilidad por el hecho de las leyes o también conocida  por otros como responsabilidad del estado legislador.  Se abordará partiendo desde  su formación y consolidación histórica en la jurisprudencia comparada, especialmente la francesa y española,  siguiendo con  los criterios esenciales que dan lugar a su configuración, de acuerdo  a si las leyes fueron objeto de una inexequilidad  o sin que está declaratoria se haya efectuado, en todo caso  de la norma se deriva la producción de un daño.
El exceso ritual manifiesto y la visión constitucional de la actividad judicial
Authors: Caicedo Villamizar Alexander Enrique , Villamizar Caicedo
Published: February 2018

La extensión del Derecho Procesal en nuestro tiempos ha sido reestructurada indudablemente por medio del constitucionalismo, puesto que ha rescatado las garantías centenariamente elaboradas, fundamentadas en el Derecho Procesal Tradicional para vincularlas inescindiblemente a la realización de las normas sustanciales, de esta forma las ha dotado de un fin y una perspectiva valorativa que no se manifiesta a partir de las solas formalidades o procedimientos preestablecidos, sino en relación directa con las normas jurídicas de orden constitucional y legal que consagran los efectos jurídicos que las partes pretenden. El presente artículo de reflexión es una investigación fundamentada en postulados constitucionales, normatividad, doctrina, precedente judicial y jurisprudencia, con el fin de replantear la concepción del juez contemporáneo en el ejercicio del Derecho, sustentado en teorías legalistas y excesos ritualismos tradicionales, a través de la innovación de una nueva visión constitucional en la Administración de Justicia colombiana, para que la labor del juez no pueda reducirse a una simple atribución mecánica de los postulados generales, impersonales y abstractos consagrados en la ley a casos concretos, pues se estarían desconociendo la complejidad y la singularidad de la realidad social, la cual no puede ser abarcada por completo dentro del ordenamiento positivo, sino que a través de su quehacer judicial se logre efectivamente la protección de las garantías constitucionales y legales del ciudadano, quien en caso de no lograrlo por el exagerado apego a la forma por parte del juzgador, pueda acudir ante el fracaso de los medios ordinarios de impugnación, a la Acción deTutela contra Providencias Judiciales cuando se haya incurrido en un Defecto Procedimental.
La categoría indígena definida desde la hegemonía y sus alcances en la institucionalidad colombiana
Authors: Sarrazin Jean Paul
Published: February 2018

En este artículo se analizan las representaciones sociales mediante las cuales se ha construido la categoría de lo indígena en sectores dominantes de la sociedad colombiana. Esto implica considerar los diferentes discursos e imaginarios que se fueron desarrollando a lo largo de la historia del país, desde el siglo XIX hasta nuestros días. El estudio se concentra en las representacionesque se han producido desde las élites intelectuales y políticas del país, y más específicamente, aquellas que han representado en términos positivos la categoría indígena. Estas representaciones han fundamentado un cierto indigenismo, el cual será sometido a un análisis crítico, por cuanto se evidencia que construye la categoría de lo indígena en sus propios términos y desde lugares de poder, contribuyendo a la reproducción de una hegemonía cultural, ocluyendo la voz de la diferencia y de aquellos grupos que supuestamente han sido representados.
Vliv smykové viskozity a elasticity na senzorickou viskozitu modelových kapalných potravin
Authors: Novotna P. , Houska M. , Sopr V. , Valentova H. , Stern P.
Published: February 2018

The shear flow rheological properties of sugar solutions (70% w/w concentration) modified by different cellulose derivatives have been measured. Thickeners  were expected to cause the viscoelastic behaviour of the resulting sol ution. Therefore, the elastic rheological parameters were measured by oscillatory shear technique (phase angle, elastic modulus) and also the first normal stress difference N1. The increase of thickener concen tration caused a moderate increase of non-Newtonian behaviour in the shear flow. The sensory viscosity (ra nged between 0 and 100%) was evaluated by five different methods - as an effort for stirring with teaspoon, time for flowing down the spoon, slurping from spoon, compression between tongue and palate and swallowing. The influence of shear viscosity and first normal difference on sensory viscosity was tested. Correlation procedu re between change of sensory viscosity .tlSE and change of shear viscosity .tlJ.Iz showed that only for swallowing there is a statistically evident de­pendence. The correlation between change of sensory viscosity t.SE and first normal stress difference N1 is not statistically   evident. For all the methods of sensory evaluation the dependence between these parameters is only weak and indirect (with increasing normal stress difference the sensory viscosity is decreasing).
Relevance of folic acid fortification of foods in the nutrition of women and children
Authors: Uherova R. , Horkulicova M. , Mikusova M.
Published: February 2018

Folic acid and its biologically  active derivates  (folacin  or folates)  rank among  the B-group  vitamins  due to their  hydrophilic character. This acid occurs in nature either in the free form or it is bound to proteins or polysaccharides. Folic acid belongs to the group of vitamins which, in the past were not considered important because the relevance of the acid in biological  processes of the living cell has been discovered  by the scientific  research only in recent years. Folates play an important role as co-enzymes in the synthesis of RNA, DNA, proteins and of some essential amino acids. Therefore they are inevitable for the haematopoiesis, growth and reproduction  of cells. In this sense a widely oriented  research  named "Maternal Folate Status" is proceeding  in the U.S.A., Australia and France.
Outbreak of a new phytoplasma disease of onion in the Czech Republic
Authors: Polák J. , Jokeš M.
Published: February 2018

In 1999, split vegetation tops in onions, cv. Stutgartska, grown in the surroundings of Prague, Bohemia, were observed. Such plants developed two or more bulbs from one originally planted. In addition, irregular and asymmetrical drying of the apical parts of outer skirts and in some cases scaling of the outer parts of divided bulbs occurred. Such divided bul bs suffered su bstantially higher damage during storage in winter; premature budding and grow the of individual parts was frequent. Further splitting of the vegetation tops into two to five parts and followed by premature budding was observed in individual parts of divided bulbs. Ultrathin sections were prepared from roots and leaves of divided bulbs. Phytoplasma bodies were found in tissues of both roots and leaves. Such bodies were not found in roots and leaves of healthy looking and undivided bulbs.
Leaf rust occurrence in European winter wheat varieties and breeding lines
Authors: Věchet L.
Published: February 2018

In 1998 and 1999, 52 winter wheat varieties and breeding lines originated from ten European countries were tested for their reaction to leaf rust, the inoculum was a mixture of races UN3-61SaBa and UN13-77SaBa. Twenty six varieties and lines stayed in the same group (susceptible, moderately susceptible, moderate, moderately resista nt) in both years, with the majority being moderately resistant. Of the Czech varieties Asta, Rexia and VIada stayed in the same group in both years. Some varieties moved from one group in 1998 to another in 1999. Some of the moderately resistant varieties and lines (Hereward, WW2568, P8634, Trakos, WW251 0, Asset, WW2564) showed a hypersensitive reaction (chlorosis, necrosis). There were differences in the number of diseased plants between groups with a different reaction to leaf rust mainly at the beginning of the epidemic
Voltinism of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., in Poland
Authors: Cagáň Ľ. , Sobota G. , Gabryš B. , Kania C.
Published: February 2018

From 1992 to 1996 the voltinism of the European com borer, Ostrinia nubilalis Hbn., was investigated in Poland. During the study, over 6000 larvae were collected in maize stalks in autumn. In 1994, pupal cases were observed in stalks. This indicated the development of second generation adults of the pest. Pupal cases were not found in other years of the study. The difference between 1994 and the other years was found when the degree-days accumulation at base 10°C was calculated for the periods between July 1 and July 19 (daylight 15 hrs 58 min), or July 29 (daylight 15 hrs 32 min). These values were highest in 1994 and reached 246.5°C, or 414.0°C respectively. The results indicate that degree-days accumulation during the whole year is not responsible for the development of the second generation. It appears that high temperatures in July (not only at the beginning, but also at the end) influenced the development of the second generation of 0. nubilalis in Poland. Average July daily temperatures in 1994 were extremely high (24.5°C). Such temperatures can allow a small partial development of the second generation of O. nubilalis at a relatively cold location like Wroclaw in Poland with a standard annual mean temperature of 8.3°C.