bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Press Under Siege Conference Raises a Cry for a Freer Middle East Press
Authors: Hauslohner Abigail
Published: October 2024

A conference on media freedom in the Middle East might sound like a quixotic endeavor in a region where the very words “media freedom”—let alone “freedom”—seem little more than an unattainable dream. Yet that did not stop the cluster of Arab journalists, editors, and activists who had come to Beirut in December 2006 for the Press Under Siege conference, organized by the World Association of Newspapers (WAN) and An-Nahar newspaper. The event was marked by animated and often passionate speeches from participants who largely represented Lebanon’s politically and intellectually isolated elite. The official aim of the conference—fourth in a WAN-sponsored global series entitled Media in Danger—was to explore “the efforts of Arab media to win their independence and freedom in an environment of continuing repression and harassment” (for a recent example of online censorship, click here). The Media in Danger series has targeted regions where violence has become an all too recurrent theme—among them, Kyrgyzstan, Columbia, and the Basque region of Spain. So it was not surprising that the conference kicked off with an emotional opening ceremony dedicated to the memory of Lebanese journalist and activist, Gibran Tueni, who was killed by a car bomb a year earlier. Tueni had been both the publisher of An-Nahar and a board member of WAN. More than 3,000 people attended the ceremony dedicated to his memory. But perhaps also not surprising, the opening ceremony of Press Under Siege was marked by what Kristina Stockwood of the International Freedom of Expression eXchange (IFEX) called “political overtones that one might not find at other media freedom conferences,” insofar as it had become something of a rallying point for Lebanese Prime Minister Fouad Siniora’s weak Christian-backed government. Indeed, many of those attending the conference later wondered whether the ultimate point of the conference was to support Arab journalists in their struggle for protected freedoms, or to promote Siniora’s government—then under heavy fire—as democratic and free before a would-be sympathetic international audience.
“Huge need for independent media” in Middle East: AmmanNet founder Daoud Kuttab
Authors: Pintak Lawrence
Published: October 2024

There are few media professionals in the Middle East who juggle as many commitments as Daoud Kuttab. Director of the Institute of Modern Media at Al Quds University and a regular columnist for the Jordan Times and Jerusalem Post, perhaps his greatest achievement has been as founder and chief of the Arab World’s first online community radio station AmmanNet. So what has online radio achieved in Jordan? And where can it go from here? Co-Editor and Publisher of Arab Media & Society finds out (to listen to this interview, click here). Pintak: Daoud this station evolved from a purely Internet operation. Tell me about the origins. Kuttab: Well it actually started as an experiment. I was attending a conference in 2000 in Jordan with the International Press Institute and the Jordanian Minister of Information who was boasting that in Jordan the Internet is not censored, there are no proxies, anybody can do anything on the Internet. And I knew that in Jordan private radio was not allowed so I said I’m going to start a radio station on the Internet. And I did and it was a big success. Jordan is very close to Palestine, and there are FM radio stations in Palestine, so we asked stations there to download some of our radio programs and re-broadcast them back on the FM frequency so people in Jordan could hear things about themselves. So we were kind of doing something illegal but in a legal way.
Blogging for reform: the case of Egypt
Authors: Al Malky Rania
Published: October 2024

Just after midnight on Wednesday October 25 2006, Malek Mostafa published a post on his blog malek-x.net entitled Downtown’s Sexual Rabies. Little did he know that his post would prove a blogging sensation and send shockwaves through Egypt’s independent media. Eliciting some 750 comments—a massive jump from the average 30 comments Malek receives—the post broke a story which Egypt’s state-run media were either unwilling or unable to report: the sexual harassment of women in Downtown Cairo during the Islamic post-Ramadan feast holiday Eid in October 2006. The post comprised an eye-witness account of what happened backed up by photographs taken by journalist and fellow blogger Wael Abbas. A total of 60,000 people read the post and for a week, Malek’s site was getting some 8,000 visitors a day. “One of the things I believe bloggers like me have achieved,” says Malek, “is create a new breed of citizen journalists who communicate what they witness like any correspondent.” That night Malek, Wael (misrdigital.blogspirit.com), another blogger Mohammed El Sharkawy (speaksfreely.net) and Reuters stringer photographer Abdel Nasser Nouri had the opportunity to put their reporting skills to the test. They were sitting at a Downtown café when a friend came over and told them about the mass harassment of girls near the Metro Cinema where the celebrity belly-dancer Dina was attending the premiere of her Eid film. From what they were told, Dina had started dancing in the street causing a crowd to gather round her. The bloggers rushed to the scene to find hundreds of young men surrounding a handful of women—veiled, unveiled young and old—grabbing them and tearing off their clothes.
Revisão integrativa da infecção pelo Zika vírus durante a gravidez: Implicações para o feto e para gestante
Authors: Oliveira Linhares Marcelly Maria , De Araújo Neto Francisco Jazon , Coelho Sales Ana Beatriz , Gonçalves Oliveira Ramiro , Carneiro de Moura Victor José , Bezerra Alencar Francisco Andérek , Ferreira Vital Pedro Italo , Bortoletti Everton Gabriel , Coelho Amoedo Colares Fernanda Cafezakis , Bico Nogueira Leonardo , Rodrigues Mendes Pedrosa Pinto Ícaro , Cavalcante de Araújo Lia
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar e descrever o impacto do  Zika vírus (ZIKV) na gravidez e suas principais consequências para a mãe e o bebê. Método: O presente estudo é uma revisão de literatura de abordagem qualitativa e exploratória, que buscou artigos na base de dados do PubMed, por meio da ferramenta de busca: "Zika" AND "Pregnancy", sendo encontrados 2.430 artigos. Resultados e Discussões: O ZIKV é um flavivírus transmitido para os seres humanos pelo mosquito do gênero Aedes, sendo transmitido também por meio sexual ou vertical. Desse modo, tal doença pode apresentar um risco maior a depender do trimestre de exposição da gestante, isso se deve ao fato de que a placenta pode atuar como barreira de proteção após a décima semana gestacional, antes disso o bebê exposto está mais vulnerável aos agentes teratogênicos. Nesse contexto, observa-se que a ZIKV é um grande fator de risco gestacional, que tem como sítio de infecção o cérebro fetal, placenta e cordão umbilical, e induz respostas inflamatórias no feto. Conclusão: Dessa forma, busca-se prevenir essa infecção, por meio do uso de repelentes, roupas que minimizem a exposição da pele e impedir o acesso do mosquito a locais com acúmulo de água.
Navigating Performance Feedback: Making Sense of Mixed Messages
Authors: Westover Jonathan
Published: October 2024

This article discusses strategies for productively interpreting mixed or conflicting performance feedback. It acknowledges that while performance reviews aim to provide career development guidance, communicating feedback effectively is challenging and inconsistencies can occur due to factors like insufficient manager training, biases, lack of objective metrics, and differing priorities between management levels. The article recommends keeping an open yet analytical mindset when receiving mixed signals and seeking to understand potential causes through lenses from organizational behavior research like social influence biases, competing agendas, performance dimension overloads, and rater errors. It suggests tactics for constructively addressing inconsistencies with leadership like requesting a joint discussion, focusing on mutual goals, acknowledging multiple perspectives, problem-solving over blaming, and following up with agreed upon action items. Real-world industry examples demonstrate how clarifying expectations, strengthening review practices, and emphasizing shared priorities can turn mixed feedback into a learning opportunity rather than a roadblock.
Different Varieties and Sources of Apples Marketed in Bangalore City
Authors: Taeeb Fahimullah , Qadari Ahmad Shah , Rahimi Mohammad Rahim , Bahar Zabihullah
Published: October 2024

Fruits are essential components of the human diet. India is engaged in the importation of various kinds of fruits sourced from diverse regions throughout the globe. The purpose of this research was to record the sources and various kinds of imported fruits that are accessible in the market. Additionally, the study aimed to analyses consumer preferences for imported fruits and examines the variables that influence the consumption of these fruits. The research was carried out in the city of Bengaluru, with a sample size of 60 participants. The survey revealed that China emerged as the primary recipient of fruit imports to India in the fiscal year 2016-17. The apple had the greatest level of customer preference, with a mean score of 82.33, while the pomegranate trailed closely behind with a mean score of 69. Approximately 41.67% of customers exhibit a preference for purchasing from established and reputable brands, while 36.67% express a willingness to consider any brand. A majority of customers (58.33%) opted to buy imported fruits via contemporary retail formats, although wholesalers accounted for a significant proportion (30%) of such purchases. The results of the survey indicate that a significant majority (81.67%) of customers in Bengaluru city have expressed that aspects such as health, flavor, and quality play a crucial role in their decision to buy imported fruits. The state Agricultural universities, together with Horticultural universities and Horticulture departments, should priorities efforts to enhance the quality, taste, color, and shelf life of local fruits. This is necessary to effectively compete with imported fruits and decrease reliance on them.
An Analysis of Consumers Preference for Apples in Bangalore City
Authors: Taeeb Fahimullah , Rahimi Mohammad Rahim , Qadari Ahmad Shah , Bahar Zabihullah
Published: October 2024

Human diets need fruits. India imports several fruits from throughout the globe. The research documented the source and varieties of imported fruits available in the market, analysed customer choice, and assessed variables affecting consumption. The Bengaluru research had 60 participants. The survey found that India imports the most fruits from China in 2016-17. Most customers chose apple (82.33), followed by pomegranate (69). Nearly 41.67% of customers choose trustworthy brands, while 36.67% are fine with any brand. Most customers (58.33%) bought imported fruits via contemporary retail, followed by wholesalers (30%). In Bengaluru, 81.67% of buyers said health, flavor, and quality influenced their purchase of imported fruits. To lessen dependency on imported fruits, state agricultural colleges, especially horticultural universities and departments, must enhance local fruit quality, taste, and color to compete with imported fruits.
Multiple Pregnancy and its Maternal Complications among Deliveries attending Nangarhar Univesity Teaching Hospital, Jalalabad, Afghanistan
Authors: Rahimi Suhaila , Sherzad Abdul Ghafar , Kamawal Noreena
Published: October 2024

‌Multiple pregnancies are associated with an increased risk of obstetric complications as well as perinatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries because of the increased risk to both mother and baby. Therefore, the current study aimed to identify the maternal complications of multiple pregnancies among deliveries at Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital, Jalalabad, Afghanistan. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 442 mothers who gave multiple births at Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital, Jalalabad, Afghanistan, from March 2022 to September 2023 after obtaining ethical approval from the Institutional Review Committee (reference number: 10/02-15-2022). A non-probability-convenient sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using questionnaires from the hospital-based medical records of all participants. Those patients who were admitted to the obstetrics and gynecology ward for delivery with a clinical or ultrasound-confirmed diagnosis of multiple pregnancies after examination were included. The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. A total of 22,409 births were recorded during this study at Nangarhar University Teaching Hospital; 442 were twin pregnancies, with a prevalence of 19/1000 births. The mean age of the study participants was 28.6 ± 5.3 years, while the mean age of gestation at the presentation was 36.5 ± 2 weeks. Among these, 425 (96.2%) births were twins, and 15 (3.4%) were triplets. The seven leading maternal complications of multiple pregnancies were postpartum hemorrhage (14.7%), preterm delivery (12.7%), preeclampsia (10.4%), antepartum hemorrhage (5.9%), urinary tract infection (5.9%), polyhydramnios (4.1%), and anemia (32.4%). The most common route of delivery was normal vaginal (78.5%). Multiple pregnancies are associated with a high risk of maternal complications, particularly postpartum hemorrhage, preterm labor, and preeclampsia; thus, maternal risks can be reduced by receiving adequate prenatal and postnatal care and early detection of maternal complications. Mothers carrying multiple pregnancies should receive immediate counseling regarding all the complications and should be kept under constant monitoring.
Comparison of Electrocardiographic Findings Between Bodybuilding Athletes and Non-Athletes in Herat, Afghanistan
Authors: Saeedy Said Abdul Ghafour , Niazi Aziz-ur-Rahman
Published: October 2024

Regular physical exercise induces cardiac remodeling, known as the "athlete's heart," with both electrophysiological and structural changes. Distinguishing physiological from pathological Electrocardiogram (ECG) patterns in athletes is vital for optimal diagnosis and cost-effective healthcare. This study aimed to compare ECG findings between bodybuilder athletes and non-athletes in Herat City, Afghanistan. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted on 140 male participants in Herat City, Afghanistan, from November 2014 to November 2016. It comprised two cohorts: 70 healthy bodybuilder athletes were taken as cases, and 70 age-matched males who were non-athletes and healthy individuals were taken as a control group. A non-probability convenience sampling technique was used to collect study participants. Data was gathered using a questionnaire-based approach from the respondents and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26. Athletes had a significantly higher prevalence of sinus arrhythmia (34.3% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.001), left ventricular hypertrophy (18.6% vs. 4.3%; p = 0.008), incomplete right bundle branch block (32.9% vs. 8.6%; p < 0.001), and T-wave inversions (8.6% vs. 0.0%; p = 0.012) compared to control groups. Notably, the overall ECG interpretation differed significantly (p < 0.001), with athletes exhibiting a higher frequency of abnormal findings. However, no statistically significant differences were observed in heart rate, PR interval, left atrial enlargement, QRS axis, QTc interval, ST segment, U wave, premature atrial contractions, and premature ventricular contractions. These findings indicate that athlete's heart adaptations mainly affect rhythm and repolarization on ECG. Accurately distinguishing between physiological and pathological ECG findings is crucial in sports cardiology. This discernment is key for precise diagnosis and targeted treatment, leading to optimal patient outcomes and minimizing unnecessary resource expenditure.
Indigenous Knowledge on Medicinal Plants Used by the People of Ghazni District, Afghanistan
Authors: Saais Hashmatullah , Nicnam Mohammad Masood , Tajzadah Abdul Wase
Published: October 2024

The indigenous knowledge on medicinal plants is scientifically and culturally crucial. Medicinal plants are used traditionally in different parts of Afghanistan since centuries but much of the information is not yet documented. Study on medicinal plants was conducted in 2023 in Ghazni district (center of Ghazni province) and documented different species of medicinal plants used traditionally by the different ethnic group of people in Ghazni district.  The study was focused on 45 common medicinal plants under 42 genera with local and scientific names, families, diseases treated usually, methods of preparation, parts of plants used, route of administration and so on. The medicinal plants were trees, shrubs and herbs. The data was collected using structured questionnaires by selecting 8 healers or Hakims (Experienced elders and druggist) from 8 ethnic groups such as; Tajik, Pashtun, Sadat, Hazara, Bayat, Arab, Uzbek, Sikhs/ Hindus by using purposive sampling method. The targeted medicinal plants species were cultivated and wild. About 51% of the plants were cultivated where 49% were wild. Different parts of the plants prepared in different methods and used in various mode of administration. The most dominant part of the plants used was leaves (31%). The route of administration was oral administration (77%) and the most common method of preparation was decoction (29%). Local people were highly dependent to medicinal plants in Ghazni district and most of the medicinal plants were cheap and easily reachable. Uprooting, overgrazing and overexploitation were the main challenges for the local medicinal plants in the study area. It is recommended that proper conservation and suitable usages strategies should be considered by ministry of agriculture, irrigation and livestock in order to protect medicinal plants in Ghazni district and all over the country.
Effects of Inorganic Phosphorus and Organic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield of Common Bean (Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) under Kabul Conditions
Authors: Aram Abdullah , Inqilaabi Niaz Mohammad , Ahmadi Noor Mohammad , Hikmat Hikmatullah , Nikmal Sayed Rahim
Published: October 2024

In Afghanistan, the main reasons for low crop yields are low soil fertility. Growing human populations has resulted in shrinking land areas and decreased soil fertility. Also, the overuse of chemical fertilizers is considered to be the main cause of soil characteristics deterioration, such as soil fertility, soil biology, and soil physical properties. On the other hand, no research has been done to find the ideal phosphorus and organic (ORGOFERT) fertilizer rate for improving common bean production in Afghanistan. Thus, it is pertinent to determine the optimum phosphorus and organic fertilizer dose for common bean cultivation in Afghanistan, where this crop is grown expensively. In 2020, a field trial took place at the agriculture faculty research farm of Kabul University during the growing season. The trial utilized a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. Each plot measured 200cm x 300cm, with plants spaced 40 cm apart in rows and 20 cm apart within rows. Different amounts of phosphorus and organic fertilizer were applied in the experiment. The results indicated that employing 50 kg of ORGOFERT and 80 kg of P2O5 fertilizers per hectare led to enhanced growth parameters such as plant height, number of branches per plant, and number of green leaves per plant, as well as improved yield attributes including the number of pods per plant, number of grains per pod, 100-grain weight, and total grain yield per hectare. The ideal amount of phosphorous and ORGOFERT fertilizer to improve the growth and production of common beans under field conditions might be the rate of 80kg P2O5 + 50 kg ORGOFERT fertilizer ha-1 under Kabul's agro-ecological conditions.
Livestock Sector's Economic Significance and Livelihood Support in Afghanistan: A Focus on Small Ruminants
Authors: Jawhar Sher Ali , Akif Cam Mehmet , Habibi Emal , Yilmaza Omer Faruk
Published: October 2024

Afghanistan predominantly an agrarian nation with a significant rural population, relies heavily on livestock for various purposes. Despite its pivotal role in the country's economy and the sustenance of rural communities, the livestock sector, particularly small ruminants like sheep and goats, often lacks the attention it deserves. This review seeks to evaluate the economic importance of small ruminants and address the challenges faced by livestock farmers, including insufficient pastures, imbalanced nutrition, and limited access to clean water. The analysis encompasses the contribution of small ruminants to the national economy, their impact on rural livelihoods, and the impediments encountered by small-scale farmers. Additionally, the study delves into the intricacies of production systems, market dynamics, and value chains associated with small ruminants, highlighting their role in income generation, employment, and food security. Exploring socio-cultural dimensions, the paper acknowledges the significance of small ruminants in traditional practices and social norms. However, it also underscores challenges in animal health, breeding, feeding, marketing, and infrastructure that hinder the sector's growth. The review underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, including improved veterinary services, enhanced extension support, better market linkages, and policy reforms, to fortify the small ruminant sector. By offering recommendations, the paper aims to guide policymakers, researchers, and practitioners toward fostering sustainable development and inclusive expansion of the small ruminant sector, ultimately uplifting the livelihoods of Afghanistan's small-scale livestock farmers.
A comprehensive study of natural and synthetic dyes: their properties, methods of preparation, and uses
Authors: Ali Afnan Nasser
Published: October 2024

The use of natural dyes in the dying process was one of the oldest procedures used by the ancients. Obtaining dyes from natural sources means extracting them from plants and animals. Colors are derived from natural sources. Dyes can be divided into two categories: natural dyes and synthetic dyes. Synthetic dyes include saffron dyes and azo dyes, the latter being one of several types of organic compounds that are produced in large quantities through industrial processes. Dyeing is a process that involves the use of dyes in the dyeing process of textiles and food products. Fabrics are colored with different dyes for different types of fibers, while wool and silk are directly dyed with acidic and synthetic dyes. The food additives we are exposed to on a daily basis cause our bodies to produce toxins.
On the other hand, consumers have become more concerned about their food as a result of their understanding of the risks posed by these additives and the toxicity they contain. Dyes, natural dyes, azo dyes, and toxic dyes are just a few of the key terms.
The pathogenicity of the gastric bacteria and its potential threat to humans
Authors: Jakhir Hussein Kazim , Mohammed Ahmed , Zainab Sattar Zainab , Karim Haider , Saffah Amjad , Taleb Risan , Saad Haider , Alwan Hamid , Jamal Hassan
Published: October 2024

Following the initial identification of Helicobacter pylori in the stomach and the following recognition of its detrimental effects, contemporary gastroenterology has advanced significantly. Research undertaken over nearly forty years has revealed that the bacteria is linked to the natural history of several upper gastrointestinal illnesses.  Epidemiologic studies reveal a greater prevalence of autoimmune disorders occurring during or subsequent to infections with certain germs.   Research findings indicate that H. pylori may act as a catalyst for infectious autoimmunity and might be linked to several autoimmune illnesses, both innate and acquired.
This research aims to deliver sufficient preventive and community information while rectifying misconceptions about H. pylori infection, and to examine the existing resistance related to H. pylori as a potential contributor to autoimmune disorders, including autoimmune thyroiditis, inflammatory bowel disease, and analogous conditions. This study focuses on several investigated and analyzed autoimmune illnesses.
Processo de amamentação exclusiva das mulheres que realizaram o parto domiciliar planejado
Authors: Soares Bruna Cristina , Muller Julia Cristina , Mendes Jânifer Souza
Published: October 2024

A amamentação é a nutrição do bebê com o leite materno. Tal realidade é cercada por diversos contextos, nem sempre simples. O objetivo dessa pesquisa foi conhecer como se estabeleceu o processo de amamentação exclusiva das mulheres que realizaram o parto domiciliar planejado. A metodologia da pesquisa foi qualitativa descritiva, realizada através de entrevistas ou formulário online, com mulheres que realizaram o parto domiciliar planejado nos anos de 2012 ao ano de 2020. O processamento e análise dos dados foram realizados através da Análise Temática de Minayo. Com isso, emergiram as seguintes categorias: Processo de amamentar, Auxílio da equipe do Parto Domiciliar Planejado e Aleitamento materno, Parto Domiciliar Planejado e Golden Hour. Os resultados foram as categorias: Processo de  amamentar: Das 20 participantes, 11 delas tiveram dificuldades nesse estabelecimento da amamentação. Auxílio da equipe do Parto Domiciliar Planejado: Todas as 20 mulheres entrevistadas responderam ao formulário que foi propiciado o momento da Golden hour. Como todas também relataram a influência positiva do Parto Domiciliar Planejado em relação ao sucesso da amamentação Como resultados apresentados, conclui-se que o parto domiciliar planejado contribuiu para o estabelecimento do processo de amamentação, bem como contato pele a pele já na primeira hora de vida favorece a formação do vínculo entre mãe e o recém-nascido. Também é possível considerar que o fato da mulher estar confortável e segura no ambiente escolhido para seu trabalho de parto a empodera e proporciona fluidez para o início do processo de amamentação.
A ESTRATÉGIA MODULAR NA PRODUÇÃO DE VEÍCULOS MILITARES SOB A ÓTICA DO SETOR AUTOMOBILÍSTICO
Authors: LEITE Flavio Santos
Published: October 2024

O Artigo tem como tema a aplicação da estratégia modular na produção de blindados no Brasil sob aótica do setor automobilístico civil. Destina-se primeiramente a apresentar a estratégia modular,adotada pela indústria automobilística, para em seguida analisar a aplicação da estratégia modular,principalmente nas viaturas militares Astros e Guarani, produzidos hoje no Brasil pelas empresasAVIBRAS e IVECO. Para atingir o objetivo foi realizada uma pesquisa descritiva, hipotéticodedutiva, na qual se buscou confirmar se a estratégia modular traz benefícios para a indústriaautomobilística civil, ela também trará os mesmos benefícios para a indústria de veículos militaresbrasileira. Conclui-se que a estratégia está sendo bem aplicada e trazendo benefícios semelhantes aoque trouxe para a indústria civil, com algumas ressalvas.
A PROVA DE 400 METROS RASOS NA FORMAÇÃO DA AMAN
Authors: CAMPOSO Lucas Rodrigues
Published: October 2024

Este artigo visa analisar os índices obtidos na prova de 400 metros rasos por uma geração de militares(4.429 indivíduos, saudáveis, com idade 20 a 23 anos) que compuseram o segundo ano do Curso deFormação de Oficiais da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN) de 2009 a 2018, verificandoestatisticamente as notas obtidas durante o teste físico. Para realizar esta análise foi utilizado osoftware BioEstat 5.0 e os dados foram coletados na Seção de Educação Física da AMAN. Osresultados do teste Kolmogorov – Smirnof apontaram que as notas de nenhuma das turmas respeitarama uma normalidade estatística. O teste de Mann-Whitney indicou que não houve diferençassignificativas entre as notas das turmas de 2009 e 2010; 2010 e 2011; 2011 e 2012; 2012 e 2013; 2013e 2014; 2014 e 2015; 2016 e 2017. O mesmo teste indicou que há diferenças significativas entre asnotas das turmas de 2015 e 2016 e entre a turma de 2017 e 2018. Houve uma diminuição significativade 2015 para 2016 e um aumento considerável da média em 2018 em relaç
Guerra de Informação
Authors: Ribeiro Ricardo de Queirós Batista , RIBEIRO Silvar Ferreira
Published: October 2024

A guerra é um assunto que sempre ocupou a humanidade. Chegamos ao século XX com potencial de provocar nosso autoextermínio. Na atualidade, a guerra de informação vem ganhando destaque pelas mudanças trazidas pela Era da Informação e do Conhecimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi revisar a literatura científica (RSL) acerca do tema a fim de se alcançar uma compreensão precisa sobre o seu conceito. Almejou-se, ainda, conhecer o estado da arte sobre o fenômeno da guerra de informação, além de examinar sua abordagem e entendimento pela psicologia científica. Justificou-se tal estudo pela necessidade do uso adequado desse termo em uma pesquisa científica, tendo em vista a diversidade de significados que lhe são vulgarmente atribuídos. Foi aplicada uma metodologia de RSL, a partir de artigos científicos publicados entre 2010 e 2020, com consulta nas bases de dados dos Periódicos CAPES, SciELO e Pepsic. Verificam-se diferentes abordagens sobre o fenômeno que puderam ser reunidas em três grupos: um grupo que aborda as operações de informações (information operations); outro grupo que aborda a guerra de informação (information warfare) no contexto de um confronto militar; e, por fim, um grupo que aborda a guerra de informação (information war) no contexto psicossocial, sem a necessária existência de objetivos militares. Concluiu-se que o termo guerra de informação (information war) refere-se a um tipo especial de guerra, cuja finalidade é persuadir as mentes e corações de uma coletividade para se alcançar, a longo prazo, objetivos previamente estabelecidos.
Simulação Estocástica com Interação Humana em Sistemas de Aeronaves Remotamente Pilotadas (SARP)
Authors: MIRANDA Richard Siqueira , Ishikawa Edison , Marotta Marcelo Antônio
Published: October 2024

Devido aos avanços da inteligência artificial o robô pode ter algum nível de autonomia para decidir aquilo que ele considera ideal para a missão ou objetivo que ele tem que cumprir. Dessa forma, o decisor que está contido no SARP pode, em algum momento, escolher se obedece ao operador humano ou se continua executando sua missão planejada. Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo propor um modelo de simulação estocástica que avalie a influência dos comandos do operador nos mecanismos de decisão do robô. Seguindo um percurso metodológico exploratório, de natureza aplicada e abordagem quantitativa, serão realizadas simulações com o uso da cadeia de Markov através da ferramenta PRISM, simulando agentes semiautônomos no qual a interação humana é executada sem restrições. Obviamente, neste modelo, a interação humana afeta as atividades gerais da operação do SARP. O objetivo é obter dados enquanto esta interação afeta os planos do robô para propor um modelo em que a vontade do ser humano influencie as decisões do robô nos casos em que a sobrevivência ou a missão não sejam comprometidas. Isto é importante porque as decisões humanas são lentas e podem chegar atrasadas ou truncadas devido a problemas no canal de comunicação. Considerou-se um cenário de reconhecimento aéreo por meio do SARP com certa autonomia e recebendo comandos humanos remotos. Os resultados mostram que dependendo do tipo da interação humana e da sua frequência é possível compatibilizar a interação humana sem comprometer o robô ou a missão.
Fotografia Publicitária sob uma Perspectiva Dialógica
Authors: Pinto Timoteo Salgado Pereira , Guimarães Heitor Fredman Ramos Frutuoso
Published: October 2024

O Exército Brasileiro lança anualmente editais públicos para o preenchimento de vagas para diversas áreas profissionais. Um deles é o concurso para a Escola Preparatória de Cadetes do Exército (EsPCEx). Este artigo tem por objetivo investigar o uso do gênero discursivo fotografia publicitária como ferramenta de informação e seu efetivo alcance. Pretende-se ainda verificar a visão do receptor desse enunciado, ou seja, como a fotografia dialoga com os leitores. O estudo foi elaborado sob a ótica do Círculo de Mikhail Bakhtin utilizando uma perspectiva dialógica. Participaram da pesquisa 370 cadetes dos sexos masculino e feminino, com idades entre 18 e 24 anos, oriundos do Curso Básico (primeiro ano) da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN). Duas peças de propaganda foram apresentadas e, como instrumento de coleta de dados, foi utilizado um formulário Google com 13 perguntas fechadas e abertas contemplando as seguintes variáveis: tema, forma composicional, tom valorativo e leitor presumido. Identificou-se que os elementos verbo-visuais são importantes para a composição do sentido, de tal maneira que a alteração da figura de um homem pela de uma mulher desencadeou percepções que foram além dos gêneros masculino ou feminino.
Entre a Narrativa e a Força
Authors: Santos Lilian de Paula , De Almeida Diego Amaro , FREIRE JUNIOR João , BARROS JUNIOR Arlindo José de
Published: October 2024

A entrevista com o Capitão-de-fragata Robinson Farinazzo, Fuzileiro Naval da reserva da Marinha do Brasil e consultor de Defesa para vários meios de comunicação, traz subsídios para uma reflexão sobre a legitimidade da guerra entre Rússia e Ucrânia. A entrevista foi realizada via email na modalidade pingue-pongue por Lilian de Paula Santos e Diego Amaro de Almeida, editada e aprovada pelos editores da Revista, João Freire Junior e Arlindo José de Barros Junior. Ao longo da entrevista, Robinson Farinazzo discute a posição do Brasil em relação à guerra e exprime sua opinião acerca do papel central das Forças Armadas no país. Discorre sobre a arma da narrativa e, por fim, comenta sobre as lições que uma guerra pode gerar.
A Clínica da Atividade na Análise da Atividade Docente nas Disciplinas de Língua Inglesa da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras
Authors: ALVES DE ARAÚJO José Neyardo
Published: October 2024

Este artigo tem o objetivo de propor o emprego da metodologia de autoconfrontação, desenvolvida pela Clínica da Atividade, na análise da atividade docente nas disciplinas de Língua Inglesa da Academia Militar das Agulhas Negras (AMAN). Assim, o professor torna-se também observador no processo de análise do seu trabalho, com vistas à transformação sua e da situação de trabalho. Para tanto, apresenta-se como a AMAN realiza a análise do trabalho de seus professores e instrutores. Em seguida, explana-se sobre aspectos teórico-metodológicos da Clínica da Atividade. Por fim, propõe-se o uso da autoconfrontação na análise da atividade dos professores de Língua Inglesa da AMAN.
Uma Análise dos Riscos da Dependência de Componentes Eletrônicos Importados Para os Equipamentos de Simulação Viva do CA-Leste
Authors: MORAIS WAGNER DE ABREU , PEREIRA JUNIOR ERROL FERNANDO ZEPKA
Published: October 2024

Este artigo trata dos riscos da dependência de componentes eletrônicos importados para os equipamentos de simulação viva do CA-Leste (Centro de Adestramento-Leste), sob a ótica da sua relação com a gestão de riscos e a gestão do ciclo de vida dos meios de simulação para o Exército Brasileiro (EB). Por meio de uma pesquisa qualitativa, método de pesquisa exploratória e a técnica de análise de conteúdo para o tema, o trabalho estabelece bases conceituais que verificam as premissas consideradas no projeto e analisa os riscos da dependência de componentes eletrônicos importados com vistas a explorar mecanismos para o alinhamento dos níveis adequados de exposição a riscos com as estratégias adotadas pelo EB, além da verificação da possibilidade do aumento da capacidade da Instituição em lidar com incertezas e contribuir para o uso eficiente e efetivo dos recursos públicos. Especial atenção é dedicada ao papel da Gestão de Riscos e Ciclo de Vida, representada no caso em estudo pelas duas categorias da análise de conteúdo. Nesse contexto, observa-se a significativa ênfase dada pela Diretriz Normativa do SSEB (Sistema de Simulação do Exército Brasileiro) à gestão dos Custos do Ciclo de Vida dos sistemas de simulação. Essa ênfase é evidente em todas as análises relacionadas ao tema, demonstrando a necessidade de estrita conformidade com as diretrizes do SSEB neste trabalho.
Repensar a Educação
Authors: COSTA DUARTE ANDRE FRANGULIS , Costa Duarte Érica Fernandes
Published: October 2024

Repensar a Educação parte do pressuposto de que há uma ampla crise educacional, com transformações dramáticas em diversos países, tanto no âmbito familiar (com novos padrões de conduta), quanto nas escolas (pelo surgimento de um novo analfabetismo). Em nome do progresso científico, foi imposta uma ideologia educativa que não serve nem às necessidades dos jovens nem das sociedades. Inger Enkvist propõe algumas sugestões para recuperar a educação, dirigindo-se a pais, professores e políticos, exatamente os atores que costumam ser citados positivamente quando bons resultados educacionais são alcançados. Em suma, a obra nos apresenta, sem meias-palavras, as inquietações de Inger Enkvist acerca da educação atual no mundo ocidental.
Voix oubliées, voix décentrées
Authors: Bernadet Arnaud
Published: October 2024

Dans l’histoire de la poésie d’expression française, l’année 1924 constitue un incontestable tournant symbolique, marqué par la publication du Manifeste du surréalisme. L’objectif des huit études réunies dans ce numéro est de montrer que 1924 ne se limite pas toutefois au moment avant-gardiste et compte de nombreuses voix décentrées qui se tiennent à distance critique du mouvement d’André Breton.
Un reliquaire : les Sept Manifestes dada de 1924
Authors: Dickow Alexander
Published: October 2024

Dans les Sept Manifestes dada de 1924 se révèle l’obsession grandissante de la dimension publicitaire de la parole, et a fortiori de la poésie. Dada dénonce la pulsion publicitaire tout comme il dénonce l’imposture de l’oeuvre d’art, pour lui sans valeur : mais cette dénonciation devient elle-même publicité ; annoncer la vanité de l’art devient art. De même, le recueil dans son ensemble est un reliquaire de vestiges à la fois futiles et précieux ; il exhibe sans cesse ce double statut.
Le vers au grand large
Authors: Sermier Émilien
Published: October 2024

Si l’année 1924 coïncide avec plusieurs débuts littéraires, cet article déploie l’analyse sociopoétique de l’entrée en poésie d’Alfredo Gangotena (1904-1944). Car ce poète équatorien publie alors dans les revues parisiennes de nombreux poèmes en français qui, à l’écart du surréalisme, seront aussitôt remarqués par Jacob, Cocteau, Larbaud, Michaux, Claudel ou Supervielle. Cette étude entend ainsi situer la singularité de ses amples versets dans la production de l’époque, tout en montrant combien ses poèmes activent des parentés avec ceux de Supervielle et de son hétéronyme Guanamiru dans Gravitations.
Voix et énonciation dans Le Musée des contradictions d’Antoine Wauters1
Authors: El Jabri Ismaïl , Schaeverbeke Marie , Thanasi Joana
Published: October 2024

L’article interroge l’énonciation dans Le Musée des contradictions d’Antoine Wauters. Dans cet ouvrage, les genres du roman, de la nouvelle et de la poésie s’allient pour proposer des discours à la fois indépendants et solidaires. Quant aux personnages, piégés dans les paradoxes de leur intériorité et écrasés par une extériorité politique violente, ils voient l’indicible de leur désespoir « exprimé » grâce au pouvoir de la poésie. Ces discours sont donc ceux de monstres marginaux, appartenant à une communauté de marginaux. Nous verrons dans quelle mesure le mélange des genres littéraires ancre l’énonciation à la fois dans l’intimité de l’introspection mais, plus encore, dans celle d’une communauté à définir.
Solidarity as Acknowledged Dependence
Authors: Schwarz Philip
Published: October 2024

In the light of a virtue-ethical turn in the ethics of public health, I discuss the call for solidarity in the pandemic. I develop a reading of Alasdair MacIntyre’s concept of Acknowledged Dependence to provide a basis for a virtue-ethical account of solidarity. Virtues enable correct responses to characteristic experiences of a human life. Solidarity and compassion correspond to the experience of mutual dependence in a way that is conducive to the common good. Compliance with precautions against the pandemic can be understood as exercises of uncalculating giving in the context of a community in which everyone owes this uncalculating giving to everyone else and, in this sense, acts of solidarity.
Le revenu universel jugé à l’aune de la solidarité radicale de Paulo Freire et bell hooks
Authors: Duclos Mathilde
Published: October 2024

Cet article retrace les caractéristiques de la solidarité radicale exposées dans les deux ouvrages majeurs des pédagogues critiques Paulo Freire et bell hooks, Pédagogie des opprimés et De la marge au centre : théorie féministe. Ces auteurs livrent une version très politique de la solidarité : inscrite dans un contexte de lutte sociale, elle correspond aux liens qui se tissent entre les personnes engagées pour l’« humanisation ». Précisant ainsi un horizon d’émancipation précieux que l’on pourrait estimer aujourd’hui perdu de vue, Freire et hooks notent que ceux qui s’y reconnaîtraient ont à charge de créer les conditions d’un dialogue sincère entre les personnes – opprimées et alliées – unies dans ce combat. En dessinant les contours de cette solidarité radicale, je dispose d’un horizon normatif critique à l’aune duquel juger mon objet de recherche, le revenu universel. J’en conclus que radicaliser cette forme de solidarité nécessiterait notamment de la repolitiser en assumant clairement sa fonction émancipatrice aux niveaux individuels et collectifs.
Marx y Engels y la división sexual del trabajo en la familia: ambigüedades, equívocos y vacíos teóricos
Authors: Coco Andrés , Daza Pérez Lidia
Published: October 2024

Dada la importante influencia de Marx y Engels en el análisis de la estructura social, no sorprende el notable impacto de su obra en el estudio del papel de la mujer en la familia. Sin embargo, su herencia en este ámbito sociológico ha dado lugar a interpretaciones muy polarizadas. Este artículo quiere aportar algo de luz evidenciando las contradicciones del marxismo al estudiar el papel de la mujer en la familia. Para ello se comparan las contribuciones de Marx y Engels para calibrar posibles diferencias en las posturas de dos autores que en otros ámbitos han presentado un pensamiento muy homogéneo. Los resultados obtenidos permiten afirmar que, a pesar de su innegable influencia en el pensamiento feminista, el análisis marxista del papel de la mujer en la familia aparece lastrado por el marcado sesgo patriarcal y androcéntrico de Marx y, al menos, por la deficiente teorización de Engels.
¿Marxismo o diferenciación social?
Authors: Herzog Benno
Published: October 2024

Para la sociología, el debate con el marxismo forma uno de los telones de fondo intelectuales y prácticos en el surgimiento de esta joven ciencia durante el siglo xix. Uno de los puntos más interesantes de esta disputa trata del grado necesario de diferenciación de las categorías analíticas para comprender los mecanismos básicos de la sociedad. La capacidad y la necesidad de reducir la compl ejidad que requiere cada ciencia, si quiere ll egar a un nivel de generalización que permita la acción social, se contrapone a una diferenciación analítica que tenga en cuenta la máxima cantidad posibl e de elementos relevantes para la comprensión de lo social. El presente artículo alumbra las relaciones entre marxismo y crítica sociológica y muestra como ambos tienen que aprender el uno del otro para una crítica social actualizada. Se defiende la tesis de la «colonialización» de la diferenciación social por parte de mecanismos que encuentran su origen en el capitalismo y con ell o se presenta una perspectiva de liberación que toma en serio tanto a Marx como a sus críticos.
Más allá de Marx: postobrerismo y posmarxismo. Una revisión de los fundamentos teóricos de la multitud y el pueblo
Authors: Pizzi Alejandro
Published: October 2024

El artículo es un ensayo sintético que expone las principales líneas teóricas del enfoque posmarxista de Laclau y Mouffe, por un lado, y del postobrerismo autonomista de Negri, Hardt, Virno, etc., por otro. Concibe ambas teorías como intentos de racionalizar apuestas políticas actuales por parte de diversos sectores políticos y movimientos sociales. Analiza sus estrategias argumentales de distanciamiento del marxismo «ortodoxo» y de la relación estructura/superestructura, y las formas de constitución de nuevas subjetividades transformadoras. Compara los fundamentos teóricos de las articulaciones hegemónicas y de las experiencias de contrapoder. Discute, asimismo, los alcances y limitaciones de las categorías de «pueblo» y «multitud» y de sus formas propias de acción política: la incorporación crítica y transformadora en las instituciones estatales, por una parte, y el éxodo y el nomadismo, por otra.
Motivos por los que los emigrantes españoles se inscriben en el registro consular
Authors: Romero Valiente Juan Manuel
Published: October 2024

La inscripción en el registro consular no es obligatoria para los emigrantes españoles. Conlleva, no obstante, una serie de ventajas que propician, antes o después, su realización. En este artículo se identifican y analizan los principales motivos que animan a ello a los emigrantes españoles. Se toman como base fundamental los datos e informaciones obtenidos a través de una encuesta cuantitativa y entrevistas semiestructuradas realizadas a más de cuatro mil españoles residentes en el extranjero. Se concluye que los principales motivos para llevar a cabo esta inscripción son los relacionados con el ejercicio de derechos y deberes ciudadanos (especialmente el de sufragio en elecciones españolas) y el uso de los servicios consulares más conspicuos (renovación de documentos de identidad, inscripciones en el Registro Civil, etc.). Estos últimos juegan un papel decisivo para que acaben inscribiéndose los más reacios en principio a hacerlo. Otros motivos relevantes son los relacionados con la asistencia y protección (especialmente en países con mayores niveles de riesgo e inseguridad), así como con las ventajas fiscales y de cara al retorno a España.
O Brasil na rota das migrações internacionais qualificadas espanholas no século XXI
Authors: Domeniconi Jóice , Baeninger Rosana
Published: October 2024

A compreensão da migração recente envolve o estudo de modalidades migratórias como a migração internacional qualificada para o Brasil, sobretudo considerando-se os processos econômicos transnacionais em curso e seus efeitos nas sociedades envolvidas. Este artigo busca, assim, compreender a dinâmica migratória de profissionais espanhóis altamente especializados para o país tendo em vista o aporte da circulação de cérebros e a categoria de trabalhadores do conhecimento. Para tanto, são utilizadas informações do Ministério do Trabalho brasileiro sobre autorizações de trabalho, aportes financeiros e inserção espanhola no mercado formal, além de dados a respeito da emigração para o Brasil advindos do Instituto Nacional de Estatística espanhol. O estudo apontou o aumento e heterogeneidade nos registros de trabalho de espanhóis qualificados no Brasil e a concentração desses no estado de São Paulo ainda que com uma maior dispersão nos últimos anos.