bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Optimization Model of Applied Career Planning for Innovative and Entrepreneurial Talents Based on Credible Neural Networks
Authors: Li Jie , Wang Xu
Published: October 2022

The best career goals are determined in accordance with their own careers by thoroughly analyzing and weighing their own interests, hobbies, abilities, and characteristics in light of their own career’s subjective and objective conditions, as well as by measuring, analyzing, and summarizing those conditions. To accomplish this, we follow the trend and develop sensible plans. This study investigates career planning and the development of creative and business-minded skills using well-respected neural network technology. According to the research, the neural network technique in this study has the highest accuracy of the three ways. The maximum accuracy rate can reach 78.3%, according to the trend in the figure. Data mining is next with the highest accuracy rate at 62.9%, and big data is last with the highest accuracy rate at just 46.7%. As can be seen, this approach is more suited for evaluating the correctness of theoretical knowledge. Shaanxi can optimize the benefits of higher education and improve students’ understanding of career planning and social competitiveness by incorporating the concept of career management into the practice of developing applied abilities.
Adsorption and Photocatalytic Degradation Properties of Bimetallic Ag/MgO/Biochar Nanocomposites
Authors: Venkatesh R. , Sekaran P. Raja , Udayakumar K. , Jagadeesh D. , Raju K. , Bayu Melkamu Beyene
Published: October 2022

The Ag/MgO/biochar nanostructures were fabricated using a solvent-free ball milling process as an effective adsorbent. Development of functional materials capable of completely removing organic pollutants from water and their adequate adsorption present challenges. The addition of MgO nanoparticles diffused equally on biochar surfaces in the biochar matrix, according to various characterization data. In decomposing biochar and compressing MgO, powdered metal enhanced mesopores and macropores of nanocomposites. XPS analysis indicates the potential synthesis of modified biochar nanocomposites. Adequate amounts of MgO added to biochar improved the ability of the nanocomposites to remove methylene blue (M.B.) through photosynthesis and adsorption. Photocatalytic analysis was carried out for the proposed novel composites to remove tetracycline (T.C.) subjected to different conditions. The photodegradation efficiency was found 80.26% for TC concentration, 50 ppm, H2O2 of 100 mM pH: 5-6 of Ag/MgO/biochar (0.01 g) at 25° temperature. Treatment of various organic wastewaters by metal oxide/biochar nanocomposites with strong adsorption and photocatalytic degradation capabilities is made possible by this research.
The Blockchain Framework for the Sharing of Data between Training Providers Based on the Internet of Things
Authors: Jeza Alotaibi Sara
Published: October 2022

Blockchain technology is recognised as being a key focus when it comes to modern-day studies and interest on a global scale, with the new block of transactions responsible for the continued growth and expansion of a distributed ledger that details transactional data, complete with immutable and verifiable structures. A greater degree of transparency, privacy, security, and traceability is provided by blockchain when a comparison is drawn with more conventional strategies. As a result of its secure and more progressive elements, blockchain is applied in a number of different arenas, including digital transactions, education, the healthcare industry, the Internet of Things (IoT), trade finance, and the training sector. Importantly, a notable effect on all applied fields has been witnessed as a result of blockchain technology, with data and transactional reliability, as well as privacy, recognised as the most important aspects when it comes to data-sharing in the training arena specifically. Very few models and frameworks are aligned with the guidelines put forth in this sector; as such, this report seeks to consider the pressing need to determine a model and framework to facilitate the sharing of data between training providers in line with the IoT. This study, therefore, centres on the creation of a blockchain model, with the creation of a sole recognition system for professionals seen to be advantageous for all such providers, specifically in the mind of providing a greater degree of clarity and simplification to the system in line with the IoT. The suggested model is focused on a number of different elements that have been identified as a result of studied theories, with consideration of the three different standpoints and professional assessments of 16 unique items.
Casting Defect Detection and Classification of Convolutional Neural Network Based on Recursive Attention Model
Authors: Zhao Zhichao , Wu Tiefeng
Published: October 2022

The method based on deep learning shows excellent performance in the recognition and classification of surface defects of some industrial products. The method based on deep learning has high efficiency in the identification and classification of surface defects of industrial products, and the false detection rate and missed detection rate are relatively low. However, the recognition accuracy of defect detection and classification of most industrial products needs to be improved, especially for those with similar contours and relatively large structural different casting. This paper takes casting defect detection as the goal and proposes a convolutional neural network casting defect detection and classification (RCNN-DC) algorithm based on the recursive attention model. Through this model, the casting can be better identified and detected, and casting defects can be avoided as much as possible, which is of great significance to the technological development of the industry. First, use a large amount of readily available defect-free sample data to detect anomalous defects. Next, we compare the accuracy and performance of the detection model and the general recognition model. The research results show that the test effect of the RCNN-DC casting defect detection network model is significantly better than the traditional detection model, with a classification accuracy of 96.67%. Then, we compare the RCNN-DC network with three classic popular networks, GooGleNet, ResNet-50, and AlexNet. Among them, AlexNet and ResNet-50 achieved 95.00% and 95.56% classification accuracy, respectively, while GooGleNet achieved slightly better results of 96.38%. In contrast, the accuracy of RCNN-DC is 1.67% higher than that of AlexNet, while the number of FLOPs is reduced by 17.2 times, and the accuracy is 1.09% higher than that of ResNet-50, while the number of FLOPs is reduced by 99.7 times, and the accuracy is higher than GooGleNet 0.29% while FLOPs whose number has been reduced by 36.5 times.
The Prognostic Accuracy Evaluation of mNUTRIC, APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS 2 Scores for Mortality Prediction in Patients with Sepsis
Authors: Hai Pham Dang , Viet Hoa Le Thi
Published: October 2022

Background. The modified Nutrition Risk in the Critically Ill (mNUTRIC) score is a helpful tool to evaluate nutritional risk in critically ill patients. However, there is a lack of data on the relationship between mNUTRIC score and septic patients' outcomes. So, this study aims to validate the prognostic role of the mNUTRIC score and to compare the performances of mNUTRIC, APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS 2 scores for mortality prediction in patients with sepsis. Methods. This prospective observational study was performed on 194 septic patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of 108 Military Central Hospital. Sepsis was defined based on the sepsis-3 definition. The mNUTRIC score was used to evaluate the nutritional status within 24 h of ICU admission. Baseline characteristics and clinical information were collected to calculate the mNUTRIC, APACHE II, SOFA, and SAPS 2 scores. The outcome was in-hospital mortality from all causes. Results. Nonsurvivors patients had a significantly higher median mNUTRIC score (6 vs. 4,

P
<
0.001

). The mortality rate in the group with a NUTRIC score ≥5 was significantly higher than in the group with a NUTRIC score <5 (56.0% vs 10.2%;

P
<
0.001

). The area under the ROC curves (AUC) for predicting the mortality of mNUTRIC was 0.79 (sensitivity 67.1% and specificity 81.0% (

P
<
0.001

)). Compared with other severity scores in mortality prediction, AUC was 0.78 for APACHE II (sensitivity 84.9% and specificity 67.7%), 0.77 for SOFA score (sensitivity 76.7% and specificity 65.3%), and 0.73 for SAPS 2 (sensitivity 66.1%, specificity 77.7%). In the multivariate analysis, mNUTRIC score was associated with in-hospital mortality (HR, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.54 to 2.58;

P
<
0.001

). Conclusions. Our study showed that the mNUTRIC score was similar to severity scores (APACHE II, SOFA, SAPS 2) in mortality prediction and was the independent mortality predictor in patients with sepsis.
Physicians’ Perspective of Telemedicine Regulating Guidelines and Ethical Aspects: A Saudi Experience
Authors: El Kheir Dalia Yahia M. , Alnufaili Sara S. , Alsaffar Raghad M. , Assad Majd A. , Alkhalifah Zahra Z.
Published: October 2022

Background and Objective. The rapid emergence and evolution of digital technology have greatly improved the quality and accessibility of healthcare services worldwide. Nonetheless, the literature is scarce regarding the ethical and legal aspects of telemedicine and social media (SM) use in healthcare. Thus, this paper examines physicians’ perceptions about the use of telemedicine in patient care, their awareness of guidelines for health-related use of telemedicine, and their knowledge, attitude, and practice of the ethical and legal regulations governing the use of telemedicine in the healthcare context. Methods. This was an observational cross-sectional study conducted among physicians working at the College of Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University (IAU), and its affiliated academic tertiary hospital, King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU), Eastern province-KSA. Data were collected between August 2019 and March 2020 via a structured, pretested, self-administered questionnaire distributed to 220 eligible physicians at KFHU. A final sample of 101 physicians completed our survey. Collected data was coded and analysed using SPSS, and the results presented as frequencies, percentages, and summary statistics. Results. Among our respondents, 62 (61.4%) were males, 46 (45.5%) were in the age group of 35 to 44 years, and 62 (61.3%) were Saudi. Two-thirds of physicians (58 (57.4%)) use smart devices in healthcare delivery, and 51 (50.5%) are satisfied with this use. A minority (21 (20.8%)) knew about telemedicine guidelines, 8 (7.9%) had encountered legal issues related to telemedicine use, and 52 (51.5%) were doubtful about patients’ readiness for virtual care. Regarding physicians’ awareness of the ethical aspects regulating the use of social media and medical apps in patient care, only 44 (45.3%) were aware of the proper reporting system if they found accounts sharing unreliable information. Nevertheless, the majority (91 (92.9%)) agreed it is essential for healthcare providers to report such accounts. Concerning physicians’ awareness of the rules and regulations of online self-promotion, the majority of our respondents were unsure or unaware of such regulations (46 (45.6%) and 18 (17.8%)), respectively. Nonetheless, 67 (66.3%) of the physicians would not pay SM influencers to advertise for them. Conclusion. Two-thirds of our physicians use smart devices in healthcare delivery, with 1 in 13 having encountered related legal issues. Nonetheless, only a minority was aware of telemedicine use regulating guidelines, including physicians’ online self-promotion regulations. These results highlight the necessity of targeted physicians’ training on telemedicine use related guidelines, thereby ensuring the safety of both patients and healthcare professionals and the optimum utilization of online health-related interactions.
Distributed Cluster Regulation Strategy of Multipark Integrated Energy System Using Multilayer Deep Q Learning
Authors: Zhu Chaoqun , Shen Jie , Li Jie , Zhang Xiaoming , Zhou Lei , Zhu Dan , Li Yafei
Published: October 2022

The power system is evolving from a single energy system to an integrated energy system. In order to further improve the power generation and consumption balance capacity of the park integrated energy system (PIES), the park integrated energy system is gradually transitioning from the single park energy system operation mode to the multipark energy system operation mode. The design of multipark integrated energy system (MPIES) collaborative control strategy will become an important part to improve the power generation and consumption balance ability of the integrated energy system. In order to fully tap the regulation capacity of each PIES, we propose a coordinated control strategy for the integrated energy system in multiple parks considering the flexible substitution interval of multiple types of energy. Firstly, we analyze the influence of the types of regulation resources and the regulation incentive mechanism of the PIES on the regulation flexible range of the PIES. Then, based on the Markov decision process, a distributed cluster regulation model of MPIES considering regulation demand and regulation flexible interval is established. Finally, using multilayer deep Q networks (MLDQN), the distributed cluster regulation optimization algorithm of MPIES is given. The simulation results show that the proposed method can coordinate the regulation ability of each park integrated energy system in the MPIES, give full play to the large-scale advantage of the interconnection of the park integrated energy system, and improve the overall stability of the multipark integrated energy system.
Evaluation of Community Disaster Resilience (CDR): Taking Luoyang Community as an Example
Authors: Deng Guoqu , Si Jianbin , Zhao Xiaojing , Han Qian , Chen Hu
Published: October 2022

The evaluation of community disaster resilience is of great practical importance for building low-risk, sustainable, and disaster-resistant cities. With 12 communities in Luoyang as the objects, this paper adopts entropy weight TOPSIS and obstacle diagnosis to study the community disaster resilience of Luoyang from seven dimensions, such as demographic characteristics, economic development, and infrastructure. The results of the study are as follows: (1) the community disaster resilience of Luoyang (0.48) is at a medium level. Community capital is the main influencing factor of community disaster resilience. Government governance, community capacity, and community intelligence are the components that need attention in the construction of Luoyang’s community disaster resilience. (2) The community disaster resilience of Luoyang presents a decreasing trend from rural to urban areas. Moreover, communities with high disaster resilience are less than communities with low disaster resilience. (3) The obstacle to community disaster resilience of Luoyang focuses on population, economic development, and infrastructure. In addition, community trust, community dependence, popularization and intellectualization of disaster prevention information, and disaster information sharing also significantly restrict the construction of Luoyang community disaster resilience. (4) According to the results of sensitivity analysis, the entropy weight TOPSIS evaluation results are less sensitive. Moreover, changing the weight value, weight method, and evaluation method will not lead to major changes in the rankings.
HIF-3α-Induced miR-630 Expression Promotes Cancer Hallmarks in Cervical Cancer Cells by Forming a Positive Feedback Loop
Authors: Gao Qiaohui , Ren Zhenghua , Jiao Shengyuan , Guo Juan , Miao Xia , Wang Jin , Liu Junye
Published: October 2022

Purpose. Hypoxia has crucial functions in the development and metastasis of cervical cancer by inducing the expression of numerous genes, including microRNA genes. But we know little about how the hypoxia factors and microRNAs orchestrate to regulate hallmarks of cervical cancer cells. Methods. We conducted RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) experiments to investigate the targets of HIF-3α or miR-630. ChIP-qPCR and RT-qPCR were carried out to validate the results of ChIP-seq and RNA-seq. Cellular, molecular, and radiation experiments were conducted to explore the functions of miR-630. Results. In this study, we showed that hypoxia-induced overexpression of HIF-3α increased the expression of dozens of miRNAs, including miR-630. Hypoxia could also directly induce miR-630 expression. ChIP-seq data showed that HIF-3α activates miR-630 expression by directly binding to the promoter of its host gene. Meanwhile, stable overexpression of miR-630 increased the expression of HIF-3α, but repressed the expression of HIF-1α, indicating a positive feedback loop between HIF-3α and miR-630. Consequently, stable overexpression of miR-630 in HeLa cells promotes cancer hallmarks, including radioresistance, inhibition of apoptosis, increased migration and invasion, and EMT-mediated metastasis. Meanwhile, inhibition of miR-630 showed opposite features. Conclusion. Taken together, our findings indicate a novel hypoxia-induced HIF-3α and miR-630 regulatory feedback loop contributing to metastasis and progression of cervical cancer cells and suggest that HIF-3α and miR-630 might act as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for cervical cancer in the future.
Comparison of In Silico Tools for Splice-Altering Variant Prediction Using Established Spliceogenic Variants: An End-User’s Point of View
Authors: Jang Woori , Park Joonhong , Chae Hyojin , Kim Myungshin
Published: October 2022

Assessing the impact of variants of unknown significance on splicing has become a critical issue and a bottleneck, especially with the widespread implementation of whole-genome or exome sequencing. Although multiple in silico tools are available, the interpretation and application of these tools are difficult and practical guidelines are still lacking. A streamlined decision-making process can facilitate the downstream RNA analysis in a more efficient manner. Therefore, we evaluated the performance of 8 in silico tools (Splice Site Finder, MaxEntScan, Splice-site prediction by neural network, GeneSplicer, Human Splicing Finder, SpliceAI, Splicing Predictions in Consensus Elements, and SpliceRover) using 114 NF1 spliceogenic variants, experimentally validated at the mRNA level. The change in the predicted score incurred by the variant of the nearest wild-type splice site was analyzed, and for type II, III, and IV splice variants, the change in the prediction score of de novo or cryptic splice site was also analyzed. SpliceAI and SpliceRover, tools based on deep learning, outperformed all other tools, with AUCs of 0.972 and 0.924, respectively. For de novo and cryptic splice sites, SpliceAI outperformed all other tools and showed a sensitivity of 95.7% at an optimal cut-off of 0.02 score change. Our results show that deep learning algorithms, especially those of SpliceAI, are validated at a significantly higher rate than other in silico tools for clinically relevant NF1 variants. This suggests that deep learning algorithms outperform traditional probabilistic approaches and classical machine learning tools in predicting the de novo and cryptic splice sites.
Papillary Carcinoma of Breast: Clinicopathological Characteristics, Management, and Survival
Authors: Rehman Bushra , Mumtaz Anam , Sajjad Barka , Urooj Namra , Khan Sameen Mohtasham , Zahid M. Toqeer , Mannan Huma , Chaudhary M. Zulqarnain , Khan Amina , Parvaiz M. Asad
Published: October 2022

Objective. To study clinicopathological features, treatment strategies, and prognosis of papillary carcinoma of breast. Material and Methods. Data from 58 patients were retrospectively reviewed from January 2010 to December 2016. Four types of papillary carcinoma (on final resected specimen) were included, i.e., invasive papillary carcinoma (IPC), intracystic (encapsulated) papillary carcinoma (EPC), solid papillary carcinoma (SPC), and papillary DCIS (ductal carcinoma in situ). Various features of the four types were observed and compared. Results. Of the 58 patients, 8 were males (13.7%). The mean age at presentation was 61 years; the mean tumor size was 33 mm. The frequency of each histological type was as follows: IPC (

n
=
22

/38%), EPC (

n
=
22

/38%), SPC (

n
=
12

/20.6%), and papillary DCIS (

n
=
2

/3.4%). Only two patients were ER negative (both IPC). HER-2 Neu was positive in 3 patients only, out of which 2 died of progressive disease (one EPC and one IPC). LN metastasis was present in 3 (5%) patients (one in each of 1st three types) and only one died of bone metastasis that was also Her-2Neu positive. All patients underwent upfront surgery except two patients who had synchronous IDC on the contralateral side. Breast conservation surgery (BCS) was performed in 34 (58.6%) and mastectomy in 22 (37.9%) patients. 13 patients did not undergo invasive axillary staging; the rest of 43 (74%) patients did (32 sentinel biopsy and 11 axillary dissection). Chemotherapy was given to 18 patients (31%), mostly to IPC (

n
=
12

). Only 2 patients had bone metastasis (one was IPC and one EPC). Cancer-related death was observed in 3 patients. For all groups combined, 5-year OS was 98% and DFS was 92%. Conclusion. Overall, papillary carcinoma of the breast has an excellent prognosis, even though less intense treatment modalities were used. It is still difficult to define the optimum management and avoid overtreatment, given the limited data in the literature.
Hybrid Timber Concrete Composite Slab for Analysis of Lag Screw Embedment Connections
Authors: Al Lawati Jawad , Erdogmus Ece , Young Dennis , Al Dughaishi Husam , Alosta Moad , Al-Khafaji Zainab , Yaseen Zaher Mundher , Milad Abdalrhman
Published: October 2022

Push‐out‐shear tests were used in this study to analyze lag screw connections in timber‐concrete composite (TCC) slabs based on the embedment depth. The goal of this research is to look into the relationship between shear capacity and embedment depth in TCC, as well as to investigate the embedment strength of the wood. Experiments were carried out at different embedment depths (5.08 cm, 7.0 cm, and 8.9 cm). The prepared samples were examined in order to determine the failure modes and provide an accurate assessment of the influence of embedment depth on TCC slabs. The investigation on the embedment strength of the wood was performed then for the analysis of the crushing of wood fibers, lag screw yielding strength, and maximum load applied at embedment depths of 6.6 cm and 7.0 cm. The results indicate that between 5.08 cm and 7.0 cm, there was an apparent improvement in the relationship between embedment depth (ED) and shear capacity of TCC slabs in terms of the shear strength, while a significant difference was observed between 7.0 cm and 8.9 cm. The study suggests that the ED of the TCC slab should be maintained at around 7.33 times the diameter of the lag screw.
Entropy-Based Emotion Recognition from Multichannel EEG Signals Using Artificial Neural Network
Authors: Aung Si Thu , Hassan Mehedi , Brady Mark , Mannan Zubaer Ibna , Azam Sami , Karim Asif , Zaman Sadika , Wongsawat Yodchanan
Published: October 2022

Humans experience a variety of emotions throughout the course of their daily lives, including happiness, sadness, and rage. As a result, an effective emotion identification system is essential for electroencephalography (EEG) data to accurately reflect emotion in real-time. Although recent studies on this problem can provide acceptable performance measures, it is still not adequate for the implementation of a complete emotion recognition system. In this research work, we propose a new approach for an emotion recognition system, using multichannel EEG calculation with our developed entropy known as multivariate multiscale modified-distribution entropy (MM-mDistEn) which is combined with a model based on an artificial neural network (ANN) to attain a better outcome over existing methods. The proposed system has been tested with two different datasets and achieved better accuracy than existing methods. For the GAMEEMO dataset, we achieved an average accuracy ± standard deviation of 95.73% ± 0.67 for valence and 96.78% ± 0.25 for arousal. Moreover, the average accuracy percentage for the DEAP dataset reached 92.57% ± 1.51 in valence and 80.23% ± 1.83 in arousal.
High-Dose or Low-Dose Aspirin Application in the Initial Phase of Kawasaki Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
Authors: Liu Kun , Wang Lu , Gong Linxia
Published: October 2022

The initial dose of aspirin for Kawasaki disease (KD) is controversial to a great extent. In order to compare the efficacy of high-dose and low-dose aspirin in the treatment of KD, this study included articles containing information on the treatment of KD with aspirin before August 2021, which were collected from public databases. The results of different studies were summarized and weighted by an inverse variance model, and heterogeneity was assessed using the Q-test and I2. A meta-analysis of 12258 patients from nine retrospective studies was conducted. In general, no significant differences between high-dose and low-dose groups were found in the incidence of coronary artery abnormality (CAA) (RR = 1.154; 95% CI = 1.027–1.316) and the incidence of intravenous immunoglobulin (RR = 0.926; 95% CI = 0.594–1.441). But high-dose aspirin might be linked to the shortened duration of fever (RR = −0.134; 95% CI = −0.203–0.064) as well as hospitalized stay (RR = −1.263; 95% CI = −1.392–1.122). Conclusion. For the treatment of the acute phase of KD, low-dose aspirin plus intravenous immunoglobulin could be as effective as high-dose aspirin in preventing CAA. Nonetheless, high-dose aspirin might be related to reducing fever time and hospitalization time.
Usefulness of Soluble Transferrin Receptor in the Diagnosis of Iron Deficiency Anemia in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Clinical Practice
Authors: Günther Florian , Straub Rainer H. , Hartung Wolfgang , Fleck Martin , Ehrenstein Boris , Schminke Louisa
Published: October 2022

Aim. We analyzed the added value of sTfR measurement in routine clinical practice to standard parameters (SP) of iron deficiency in the detection of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Methods. Blood samples from 116 patients with RA were analyzed in a prospective study. Based on biochemical parameters, patients were classified as having IDA, anemia of chronic disease (ACD), IDA with concomitant ACD (ACD/IDA), or “other anemia.” Sensitivity, specificity, positive (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) of sTfR and SP of iron status alone and in combination were calculated for the diagnosis of IDA in general, i.e., IDA or ACD/IDA. Results. In the whole sample, with regard to the diagnosis of iron deficiency (IDA or ACD/IDA), sTfR had a higher sensitivity compared both to the combined use of SP and to the combination of SP with sTfR (80.9% versus 66.7/54.8%). Specificity, PPV and NPV did not differ substantially. When patients were stratified in groups with high (CRP levels above the median, i.e., 24.1 mg/l) and low (CRP levels less or equal to the median) inflammation, the diagnostic superiority of sTfR was restricted to patients with high inflammation. In this group, the diagnostic performance of sTfR was superior both to the combined use of SP and the combination of SP with sTfR with higher sensitivity (100% versus 52.4%) and NPV (100% versus 77.7/76.7%) and comparable specificity and PPV. Conclusion. For the detection of iron depletion (IDA or ACD/IDA) in anemic RA patients, sTfR is superior to SP of iron deficiency only in highly inflammatory states.
Noninvasive Evaluation of the Biomechanical Accommodations to Bolus Volume during Human Swallowing
Authors: Li Qiang , Hori Kazuhiro , Murakami Kazuhiro , Minagi Yoshitomo , Maeda Yoshinobu , Chen Yongjin , Ono Takahiro
Published: October 2022

Bolus volume is very important in the biomechanics of swallowing. By noninvasively characterizing swallow responses to volume challenges, we can gain more knowledge on swallowing and evaluate swallowing behavior easily. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of bolus volume on the biomechanical characteristics of oropharyngeal swallowing events with a noninvasive sensing system. Fifteen healthy male subjects were recruited and instructed to swallow 5, 10, and 15 ml of water. The sensing system consisted of a tongue pressure sensor sheet, bend sensor, surface electrodes, and a microphone. They were used to monitor tongue pressure, hyoid activity, surface EMG of swallowing-related muscles, and swallowing sound, respectively. In addition to the onset, the peak time and offset of the above four structures, certain characteristics, such as the duration, peak value, and interval of the structure motions, were measured during the different drinking tasks. The coordination between the hyoid movement and tongue pressure was also assessed. Although no sequence of the structural events changed with volume, most of the timings of the structural events were significantly delayed, except for certain hyoid activities. The swallowing volume did not affect the active durations of the monitored structures, the peak values, or intervals of tongue pressure and supra- and infrahyoid muscle activity, but certain hyoid kinetic phases were prolonged when a larger volume was swallowed. Additionally, sequential coordination between hyoid movement and tongue pressure was confirmed among the three volumes. These findings suggest that oropharyngeal structural movements change in response to bolus volume to facilitate safe swallowing. The noninvasive and quantitative measurements taken with the sensing system provide essential information for understanding normal oropharyngeal swallowing.
Research on Camouflaged Human Target Detection Based on Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zhou Qikai , Li Ruizhi , Niu Fu
Published: October 2022

In the task of camouflaged human target detection, the target is highly integrated with the complex environment background, which is difficult to identify and leads to false detection and missed detection. A detection algorithm MC-YOLOv5s is proposed for the characteristics of camouflaged targets. The algorithm takes YOLOv5s as the basic framework. First, a multispectral channel attention module is embedded in the backbone feature extraction network, which enhances the network’s ability to extract camouflaged target features, weakens the attention to the surrounding background, and effectively improves the algorithm’s antibackground interference. Second, the original upsampling operation is replaced by a lightweight general upsampling operator to achieve effective fusion of high-resolution low-level feature maps and low-resolution high-level feature maps. Finally, the K-means++ clustering method is used to optimize the anchor boxes of the dataset target, and the sizes of the generated priori boxes are allocated to each detection layer, which increases the matching degree between the priori boxes and the actual target boxes, and further improves the detection accuracy of the algorithm. The training and verification were carried out on the military camouflaged personnel dataset (MCPD), the precision (P), recall (R), and mean average precision (mAP) of the MC-YOLOv5s algorithm reached 97.4%, 86.1%, and 94%, respectively. Compared to the original YOLOv5s model, mean average precision (mAP) is increased by 3.7 percentage points. The improved algorithm has better detection effect, is more sensitive to camouflaged targets, and achieves accurate positioning and identification of camouflaged human targets. If the proposed MC-YOLOv5s is applied to personnel search and rescue in complex battlefields and natural disaster environments, it can greatly improve personnel search and rescue efficiency and life survival rate, and reduce the consumption of human and material resources in rescue.
The Value of MRI Combined with AFP, AFP-L3, GP73, and DCP in the Diagnosis of Early Primary Liver Cancer
Authors: Kang Zhongjing , Jin Kai , Jing Junpeng
Published: October 2022

Objective. To investigate the diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) combined with serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP), alpha-fetoprotein (AFP-L3), Golgi protein 73 (GP73), and des-γ-carboxyprothrombin (DCP) on early-stage primary liver cancer (PHC). Methods. A total of 122 patients who were treated in our hospital from January 2019 to May 2022 were included in this study, including 62 patients with early PHC (referred to as the observation group) and 60 patients with benign liver disease (referred to as the control group). MRI scans were performed on all participants, and MRI image features were compared. Subsequently, the differences in serum AFP, AFP-L3, GP73, and DCP concentrations of the two groups of patients were detected and compared. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to analyze the efficacy of MRI and each of the above tumor markers in diagnosing early PHC. Results. The proportion of low or slightly low signal on T1WI in the observation group was significantly greater than that in the control group, while the proportions of equisignal and high signal were lower than those in the control group. The proportion of high signal on T2WI and high signal on DWI in the observation group was higher than that in the control group, while the proportion of low or slightly low signal and equisignal was lower than that in the control group. Compared with the control group, the serum concentrations of AFP, AFP-L3, GP73, and DCP in the observation group were significantly increased (all

P
<
0.05

). For the diagnosis of early-stage PHC patients, MRI combined with these four markers showed favorable diagnostic value compared with parameter alone (area under the ROC curve, sensitivity, and specificity were 0.943, 0.919, and 0.833, respectively). Conclusion. MRI combined with serum AFP, AFP-L3, GP73, and DCP detection has good value in the diagnosis of early PHC patients, and can serve as an effective strategy to improve the early diagnosis rate of PHC.
The Evolution of Ecological and Environmental Governance Attention Allocation in J City Based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Gao Jing , Sun Yuhan
Published: October 2022

Analysing the evolution process of attention allocation in city governance is an effective way to understand modern governance. Among the city types, heavy industry cities are special cities. It relies too much on heavy industry and is difficult to achieve ecological and environmental governance. This study takes J City in Northeast China as an example. Based on big data analysis, this study analyses the evolution process of governance attention allocation in J City. It can be found that the realization of ecological and environmental governance requires people’s participation. City development needs multiple synergies and an ecosystem‐led governance model. However, this process is not a subjective product but needs to be promoted by history. Fundamentally, people need to change the logic of economic development.
A Clinical Study on the Treatment of Recurrent Chiari (Type I) Malformation with Syringomyelia Based on the Dynamics of Cerebrospinal Fluid
Authors: Lou Yongli , Yang Jichao , Gu Haoyuan , Xu Guanghua , Ji Shanfeng , Xu Chi , Liu Yong
Published: October 2022

Objective. Combining the dynamics of cerebrospinal fluid, our study investigates the clinical effects of syringomyelia after the combination of fourth ventricle‐subarachnoid shunt (FVSS) for recurrent Chiari (type I) malformations after cranial fossa decompression (foramen magnum decompression (FMD)). Methods. From December 2018 to December 2020, 15 patients with recurrent syringomyelia following posterior fossa decompression had FVSS surgery. Before and after the procedure, the clinical and imaging data of these individuals were retrospectively examined. Results. Following FVSS, none of the 15 patients experienced infection, nerve injury, shunt loss, or obstruction. 13 patients improved dramatically after surgery, while 2 patients improved significantly in the early postoperative period, but the primary symptoms returned 2 months later. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score was 12.67 ± 3.95, which was considerably better than preoperatively (t = 3.69, P0.001). The MRI results revealed that the cavities in 13 patients were reduced by at least 50% compared to the cavities measured preoperatively. The shrinkage rate of syringomyelia was 86.67% (13/15). One patient’s cavities nearly vanished following syringomyelia. The size of the cavity in the patient remain unchanged, and the cavity’s maximal diameter was significantly smaller than the size measured preoperatively (P < 0.001) PC‐MRI results indicated that the peak flow rate of cerebrospinal fluid at the central segment of the midbrain aqueduct and the foramen magnum in patients during systole and diastole were significantly reduced after surgery (P < 0.05). Conclusion. After posterior fossa decompression, FVSS can effectively restore the smooth circulation of cerebrospinal fluid and alleviate clinical symptoms in patients with recurrent Chiari (type I) malformation and syringomyelia. It is a highly effective way of treatment.
A Sequential Targeting Strategy Interrupts AKT-Driven Subclone-Mediated Progression in Glioblastoma
Authors: Kebir Sied , Ullrich Vivien , Berger Pia , Dobersalske Celia , Langer Sarah , Rauschenbach Laurèl , Trageser Daniel , Till Andreas , Lorbeer Franziska K. , Wieland Anja , Wilhelm-Buchstab Timo , Ahmad Ashar , Fröhlich Holger , Cima Igor , Prasad Shruthi , Matschke Johann , Jendrossek Verena , Remke Marc , Grüner Barbara M. , Roesch Alexander , Siveke Jens T. , Herold-Mende Christel , Blau Tobias , Keyvani Kathy , van Landeghem Frank K.H. , Pietsch Torsten , Felsberg Jörg , Reifenberger Guido , Weller Michael , Sure Ulrich , Brüstle Oliver , Simon Matthias , Glas Martin , Scheffler Björn
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

Therapy resistance and fatal disease progression in glioblastoma are thought to result from the dynamics of intra-tumor heterogeneity. This study aimed at identifying and molecularly targeting tumor cells that can survive, adapt, and subclonally expand under primary therapy.

Experimental Design:

To identify candidate markers and to experimentally access dynamics of subclonal progression in glioblastoma, we established a discovery cohort of paired vital cell samples obtained before and after primary therapy. We further used two independent validation cohorts of paired clinical tissues to test our findings. Follow-up preclinical treatment strategies were evaluated in patient-derived xenografts.

Results:

We describe, in clinical samples, an archetype of rare ALDH1A1+ tumor cells that enrich and acquire AKT-mediated drug resistance in response to standard-of-care temozolomide (TMZ). Importantly, we observe that drug resistance of ALDH1A1+ cells is not intrinsic, but rather an adaptive mechanism emerging exclusively after TMZ treatment. In patient cells and xenograft models of disease, we recapitulate the enrichment of ALDH1A1+ cells under the influence of TMZ. We demonstrate that their subclonal progression is AKT-driven and can be interfered with by well-timed sequential rather than simultaneous antitumor combination strategy.

Conclusions:

Drug-resistant ALDH1A1+/pAKT+ subclones accumulate in patient tissues upon adaptation to TMZ therapy. These subclones may therefore represent a dynamic target in glioblastoma. Our study proposes the combination of TMZ and AKT inhibitors in a sequential treatment schedule as a rationale for future clinical investigation.
Anlotinib plus Epirubicin Followed by Anlotinib Maintenance as First-line Treatment for Advanced Soft-tissue Sarcoma: An Open-label, Single-arm, Phase II Trial
Authors: Wang Zhi-ming , Zhuang Rong-yuan , Guo Xi , Zhang Chen-lu , You Yang , Chen Li-sha , Liu Wen-shuai , Zhang Yong , Luo Rong-kui , Hou Ying-yong , Lu Wei-qi , Zhou Yu-hong
Published: October 2022

Purpose:

The treatment outcome for locally advanced or metastatic soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) remains unsatisfactory. Anlotinib had demonstrated impressive activity in the subsequent-line treatment of STS. This study investigated the combination of anlotinib and epirubicin followed by anlotinib maintenance as first-line treatment for patients with advanced STS.

Patients and Methods:

This prospective, open-label, single-arm, phase II trial was conducted in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Eligible patients were ages 18 years or older and had previously untreated, pathologically confirmed, unresectable locally advanced or metastatic STS. All patients received up to six cycles of anlotinib plus epirubicin followed by anlotinib maintenance until disease progression, unacceptable toxicity, or death. The primary endpoint was the progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 6 months. The study was registered on chictr.org (identifier ChiCTR1900024928).

Results:

From June 2019 to August 2020, 30 patients were enrolled. By December 2021, the median PFS was 11.5 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 8.6–14.4 months], while the median overall survival was not reached (95% CI: NE–NE). The objective response rate was 13.33% and the disease control rate was 80.0%. The most common adverse events (AE) included anemia (43.3%), nausea/vomiting (40.0%), fatigue (36.7%), leukopenia (30.0%), and proteinuria (10.0%), which were mainly of grade 1 or 2. The most frequent grade 3 or 4 AEs were anemia (10.0%), febrile neutropenia (33.3%), hypothyroidism (3.3%), and leukopenia (3.3%). No treatment-related death occurred.

Conclusions:

The combination of anlotinib and epirubicin followed by anlotinib maintenance demonstrated promising efficacy with a favorable safety profile.
Targeted Therapy on the Screen: Do We Hit the Target?
Authors: Lyng Heidi , Skipar Kjersti , Hompland Tord
Published: October 2022

A phase II trial, investigating whether the antidiabetic drug metformin could reduce hypoxia in cervical cancer, used imaging to preselect patients and test the biological hypothesis behind the drug effect. This trial design would be of importance for the implementation of targeted treatment in the clinic.

See related article by Han et al., p. 5263
Management of Vestibular Schwannoma with Normal Hearing
Authors: Salem Nervana , Galal Ahmed , Piras Gianluca , Sykopetrites Vittoria , Di Rubbo Vittoria , Talaat Mohamed , Sobhy Ossama , Sanna Mario
Published: October 2022

Introduction: This work aimed to study the management of vestibular schwannoma (VS) patients with normal hearing (NH). Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken in a Quaternary referral center for skull base pathologies. Among 4,000 VS patients 162 met our strict audiological criteria for NH. These patients were divided into 2 management groups, wait and scan (W&S) (45/162, 25%) and operated patients (123/162, 75%), and 6 patients were included in both groups. Results: Our management strategy achieved the goals for treatment of VS. First goal, all tumors were completely removed except for 2 intentional residuals. Second goal, facial nerve (FN) function preservation (House Brackmann I, II, and III) was 95.9%. Third goal, possible hearing preservation (HP) attempts occurred in (50/122) (40.9%) with an HP rate in 44% of the patients. Additionally, there were only 2 cases of postoperative complications with no CSF leakage. The prospect of HP in NH patients did not differ with respect to tumor size. However, patients with normal preoperative ABR seemed to have better chances of HP and good FN function and vice versa. HP rate was superior for the MCFA as opposed to the RS + RLA. W&S group demonstrated hearing stability in 88.9% of the patients and FN function stability of HB I in 100% of the patients. Conclusions: Surgical resection is a reasonable and definitive management option for VS with NH. Nevertheless, choosing to manage cases with observation remains an appropriate management option for NH patients. ABR might be considered as an adjuvant tool indicating better prognosis for HP.
Diagnoseerhebung mit strukturiertem Interview: Ein Seminar zum Basiskompetenzerwerb auf dem Prüfstand
Authors: Weber Lorenz , Christiansen Hanna , Albrecht Björn , Chavanon Mira-Lynn
Published: October 2022

Ziel: Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt die Evaluation eines universitären Bachelorkurses zur Diagnostik psychischer Störungen im Kindes- und Jugendalter hinsichtlich der erworbenen Fähigkeiten von Studierenden bei Anwendung eines strukturierten Interviews (Kinder-DIPS-OA). Methode: Zweiundfünfzig Psychologiestudierende nahmen an der Evaluation des Kurses teil. Die Inhalte stellten eine verkürzte Form des standardisierten Trainings zum Kinder-DIPS-OA dar. Am Ende des Kurses bestimmten wir die prozentuale Übereinstimmung der ICD-10-Diagnosen der Studierenden nach Rezeption eines Interviews auf Video mit der vorher festgelegten Diagnose der Seminarleitung. Für ein simuliertes Interview wurden Fehlerquellen und Schwächen der Studierenden in der eigenständigen Interviewdurchführung durch die Seminarleitung nach vorher festgelegten Fehlerquellen prozentual kodiert. Ergebnisse: Alle Studierenden kodierten die primäre Störung korrekt, aber 84,7% übersahen die komorbide Symptomatik. Nur 11,5% der Studierenden identifizierten die richtige Kombinationsdiagnose nach ICD-10. Die Hauptschwierigkeiten bei der Durchführung des Interviews bestanden darin, die Kriterien angemessen zu explorieren und eine klinische Bewertung auf der Grundlage der Antworten der Befragten vorzunehmen. Schlussfolge­rungen: Im Rahmen des Kurses gelang es, die Studierenden im Kinder-DIPS-OA so weit zu schulen, dass sie auf der Grund­lage eines technisch einwandfreien Interviews reliable Diagnosen stellen konnten. Allerdings traten bei der praktischen Durchführung typische Schwierigkeiten auf, die die Reliabi­lität und Validität der Diagnosen gefährdeten. Um die Stu­dierenden besser auf die klinisch-diagnostische Praxis nach dem neuen, zur Approbation führenden Master vorzuberei­ten, muss die universitäre Lehre hier nachbessern und stär­ker praxisorientierte Lehrkonzepte etablieren.