bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterization of Granular Calcium Sulfate Dihydrate-Gelatin Composite for Bone Void Filler
Authors: Eriwati Yosi Kusuma , Utami Difa Putri , Dede Arsista , Sunarso Sunarso , Siti Triaminingsih
Published: December 2019

Calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) cement has been used as bone filler for decades. It is also used as antibiotics carrier to treat osteomyelitis. However, CSD cement alone when applied at bone defect has some limitation such as its brittleness. The brittleness limits its handling property. Thus, the aim of this study is to fabricate granular CSD cement-gelatin (CSD-Gel) that has good handling property to be used as bone void filler. To prepare CSD-Gel composite, granular CSD was prepared from calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO4.0.5H2O; CSH) and distilled water with water/powder (W/P) ratio of 0.5. The CSD cement was crushed and sieved into 300-500 μm. The obtained granular CSD was then mixed with 3 wt.% and 7 wt.% gelatin solution, followed by freeze drying for 48 hours. The CSD granules were surrounded by gelatin matrix in all specimens. It was observed that more gelatin matrix found in the space between the granules in in the composite with 7 wt% gelatin compared with that in 3 wt% gelatin. Mechanical evaluation revealed that CSD-Gel 7% has significant higher compressive strength compared with that of CSD-Gel 3%.
Sulle tracce di Giovanna d’Arco tra mito e documento storico: l’indagine spaziale di M. Morazzoni ne Il fuoco di Jeanne
Authors: Lenart Perger Meta
Published: December 2019

Calata nell’episteme postmoderna, ma sempre un po' restia ad abbracciare pienamente la tendenza stilistica del postmodernismo, Marta Morazzoni si è ritagliata una scrittura che evita forme di ostentata metanarrazione, pur lasciando cadere degli accenti sull’attività di costruzione del testo. Allo stesso tempo riprende anche motivi e strategie della prosa dei modernisti, e in particolare la ricerca di una forte dimensione psicologica del narrato con una preferenza quindi per un discorso basato sulla rifl essione piuttosto che sull'azione.
Montenegro als exotischer Raum in deutschsprachigen Reiseberichten in der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts
Authors: Knežević Jelena , Minić Ana
Published: December 2019

Der Aufsatz befasst sich mit der Perzeption des Raumes in deutschsprachigen Reiseberichten über Montenegro aus der ersten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts. In sechs Reiseberichten, die in der Zeit, als Njegoš regierte (1830–1851), entstanden sind, wurden maßgebliche Aspekte der Darstellung des Raumes untersucht und identifiziert, die das Bild Montenegros als exotisches Land transportieren, unabhängig davon, ob der Exotismus als Form der Fokussierung auf das Fremde positiv oder negativ konnotiert ist. Es wurde festgestellt, dass der Exotismus der Darstellung des Raumes Montenegros in den interpretierten und analysierten Texten vor allem auf der Diskrepanz zwischen dem Bestreben einer objektiven Darstellung und der subjektiven Wahrnehmung des Erzählers basiert. Die beschriebenen geographischen Strukturen werden anhand unterschiedlicher literarischer Mittel als exotische, andere, merkwürdige, bedrohliche oder arkadische Wildnis semantisiert, womit Montenegro bis tief ins 20. Jahrhundert assoziiert wurde.
Poimenovanje urbane krajine kot orodje reapropriacije mesta
Authors: Bračič Ajda
Published: December 2019

Skozi zgodovino je človek oblikoval bogato besedišče, ki poimenuje posamezne geografske pojave in forme krajine, s katerimi je tisočletja živel in jih spoznaval. Ko si človek prisvoji naravno krajino, pa ta ne izgine, temveč postane nov habitat, grajeno tkivo, in tako ponuja drugačno paleto pojavov. S tvorjenjem novih izrazov za prostor ozaveščamo svojo urbano okolico ter jo pretvarjamo v zaznavno družbeno krajino. Bogastvo kompleksnega urbanega prostora in mejnih območij med naravnim in grajenim ostaja v veliki meri nepoimenovano. Cesta, ulica, avenija, stolpnica, trg – do sem naša jezikovna in kognitivna sposobnost še sežeta. Kaj pa vse majhne variacije, ki jih zaznamujejo in razločujejo med seboj? Kako bi ti označevalci vplivali na našo percepcijo prostora mesta? Članek s pomočjo analize načinov generiranja sodobne urbane krajine ter procesov poimenovanja prostora razišče prostorsko besedotvorje kot potencialno možnost vzgajanja pomenljive povezave med uporabnikom in mestom ter kot orodje reapropriacije mestnega prostora.
Grenzwertig im Dazwischen. Liminalität als DenkRaum
Authors: Ruthner Clemens
Published: December 2019

Kafk as mysteriöses Wesen Odradek, dessen Name ebenso wenig festzumachen ist wie sein Aussehen oder Wohnort, ist der Paradefall einer ‘Existenz’(?), die “betwixt and between” ist: so lautet die berühmte Formel, die der schottisch-amerikanische Anthropologe Victor Turner (1920–1983) für sein Modell der Liminalität geprägt hat (2005, 95). Dabei handelt es sich ursprünglich um eine räumliche Denkfi gur: “Liminal” ist ein Zwischenraum zwischen zwei Zuständen, die sich auch als Gebiete im buchstäblichen oder übertragenen Sinn verstehen lassen – wobei im Zentrum dieses Vorstellungsraums ein Konzept der Grenze (des limen) steht, die diese nicht als körperlose Linie, sondern als Schwelle, ja als Puff erzone zwischen zwei Sphären sieht: ein Durchgangsbereich, in dem man innehalten, aber auch zwischen diskursiven oder realen Fronten gefangen sein kann. ‘Liminalität’ kann also auch als art of becoming verstanden werden (etwa bei einem Initiationsritus zwischen Kindheit und Erwachsenenalter), ja im übertragenen Sinn die Utopie des eingeschlossenen Dritten darstellen, die dazu dient, die Falltüren einer binären Entweder-Oder-Logik zu überbrücken; es kann aber auch der unbefriedigende Zustand eines Nicht-mehr-und-Noch-nicht in einem Niemandsland sein, der die sich Aufh altenden aus beiden an einander angrenzenden Räumen ausschließt – so wie etwa jene Passagiere, die aufgrund eines Visaproblems scheinbar endlos im Transitraum eines Flughafens fe stgehalten werden.
Prostorski stroji gledališča kot dinamika prestopanja meja semiotičnih sistemov
Authors: Toporišič Tomaž
Published: December 2019

Razprava bo na podlagi študije šestih primerov iz sodobne gledališke in uprizoritvene prakse preverjala, kako lahko Lotmanov koncept semiosfere kot ekosistema, ki zajema tako prostor kot čas predstave, okoljski in ekonomski vidik ter politično okolje, ki obdaja gledališki dogodek, uporabimo za teorijo gledališča po prostorskem obratu ter v postkolonialnem in interkulturnem okolju. Njegov pojem semiosfere kot prostorsko-časovnega fenomena, kombinacije različnih (ne) verbalnih jezikov, ki so v neprestanem dialogu drug z drugim, bomo uporabili za analizo prostorskih odnosov in politik prostora v sodobnih uprizoritvenih praksah, da bi odkrili, na kakšen način uprizarjanje ustvarja semiotične jezike, ki niso enostavna vsota posameznih znakovnih sistemov, ampak v dinamični interaktivnosti vzpostavljajo gledališki dogodek. Predmet analize bodo gledališke predstave kot semiotični prostori prehodnih oblik, ki nastajajo med različnimi mediji, prestopanja meja med odrom in avditorijem ter spremembe dinamike odnosov med igralci in gledalci v procesu kreacije in recepcije. Lotmanov »vmesni položaj gledališča med gibljivim in nediskretnim svetom realnosti ter negibljivim in diskretnim svetom upodabljajočih umetnosti« (Znotraj mislečih svetov) bomo navezali na Rancièrjev pojem emancipiranega gledalca in Bourriaudov pojem prevajanja, umetnosti kot raziskovanja vezi, ki se pletejo med besedo in sliko, časom in prostorom. Raziskali bomo dinamiko semiotičnih jezikov v prostoru, ki niso enostavna vsota posameznih znakovnih sistemov, ampak v interaktivnosti vzpostavljajo gledališki dogodek.
Angst- und Sehnsuchtsräume. Repräsentationen der Natur in Computerspielen
Authors: Lahl Kristina
Published: December 2019

Games Studies sind noch ein relativ junger eigenständiger Zweig der interdisziplinären Medienwissenschaft und mussten die Anerkennung der wissenschaft lichen und kulturellen Relevanz ihres Untersuchungsgegenstands hart erkämpfen. Dabei war es vor allen Dingen ein Aspekt, der in der Forschung das Alleinstellungsmerkmal des Mediums Computerspiel im Gegensatz z. B. zu Literatur und Film markiert: “[S]pace is the one category that has come to be accepted as the central issue of game studies, and the one in which all previous categories are integrated”. Die hochkomplexe Verknüpfung von Rezeption, Interaktion und Produktion, die Computerspielen inhärent ist und sich in ihrem Verhältnis von Spiel, Spielerin und Avatar oder Interface äußert, kommt insbesondere in der Repräsentation des Raums, der Aktion innerhalb desselben und der Re-aktion der Spielumgebung zur Geltung. Es liegt also nahe, eine Auseinandersetzung mit dem Raum als soziale und kulturelle Größe mit dem Computerspiel an das Medium zu knüpfen, das dessen Darstellungen als “raison d’être” innehat und auf vielfältige Weise nutzt.
Roberto Bolaño – med življenjem in literaturo
Authors: Kalenić Ramšak Branka
Published: December 2019

Članek skuša v kontekstu razvoja latinskoameriške književnosti, predvsem t. i. booma latinskoameriške proze 20. stoletja, osvetliti fenomen Roberta Bolaña, ki je eden najpomembnejših avtorjev sodobne svetovne književnosti. Bolañeva absolutna predanost književnosti spominja na življenjsko literarno izkušnjo Miguela de Cervantesa, Franza Kafke in Jorgeja Luisa Borgesa, saj se svobodno sprehaja med različnimi literarnimi žanri ter sproti briše meje med realnostjo in fikcijo. Vseskozi zavzeto išče olajšanje iz duhovnega nelagodja, ki se je glede na njegovo razumevanje posebej hispanoameriške, vendar tudi svetovne družbene in politične realnosti zajedlo v vse pore družbe. Članek še posebej osvetli monumentalni roman 2666 (obsega več kot 1100 strani), ki je sinteza vseh pisateljevih umetniških teženj in njegov literarni testament. Gre za odprto delo, sestavljanko petih knjig, ki so med seboj vsebinsko povezane predvsem z obsedenostjo s književnostjo in s serijskimi umori. Pisatelj in Morilec sta središčna motiva, ki razgrinjata skrivnostni pomen romana. Monumentalno pripovedno delo se z apokaliptičnim patosom ob zatonu postmodernizma sprašuje o usodi literature in na prelomu novega tisočletja o človečnosti, ki se je znašla na robu prepada.
We “were neither Croatians, nor Illyrians nor Slavs, but ‘imperial royal frontiersman’”. On the phenomenon of the border in August Šenoa and Miroslav Krleža
Authors: Car Milka
Published: December 2019

Departing from the thesis that literary texts, in addition to their capacity to provide description, also demonstrate potential for construing reality, this paper focuses on the selected narratives, or essayistic and poetological texts written by the canonical Croatian authors August Šenoa and Miroslav Krleža. The paper focuses on the demonstration and literary representation of various border phenomena in the Austro-Hungarian Empire (Šenoa) and their gradual change in the post-imperial age following the Great War (Krleža). By challenging the imperial narrative about the Military Frontier, the image of the Ottomans in the late 19th and early 20th centuries as well as the associated national and homogenizing discourses infused by the processes of Othering, the article analyses a number of variations in the understanding of the border and their ideological implications with special regard to the thesis that borders are construed as impossible endeavours aiming to separate the Self from the Other.
Prostor
Authors: Samide Irena , Virant Špela
Published: December 2019

Izhodišče tematske številke Prostor je inventarizacija trenutnega stanja v humanistiki in družboslovju več desetletij po t. i. prostorskem obratu, ki je v ospredje znanstvenih raziskav postavil kategorijo prostora. Kako so zamisli Lefebvra, Foucaulta, Augéja, Bahtina, Lotmana, de Certeauja, Westphala in drugih, ki so se že trdno zasidrale v teoretskem ustroju, prispevale k razvoju posameznih humanističnih in družboslovnih znanosti? Kakšen vpliv in kakšno težo so imele? V kolikšni meri je na tej osnovi prišlo do spremembe percepcije prostorskih izkušenj? In kakšni so današnji pristopi k raziskavam prostora v različnih vedah? Prispevki, zbrani v tem tematskem sklopu, se ukvarjajo z zaznavanjem prostora in razumevanjem prostorskih konceptov, z upodabljanjem, kreiranjem in strukturiranjem prostora ter s pomenom prostorskih izkušenj za znanstvene, umetniške in družbene prakse. Preučujejo oblike kreacije, inscenacije in reprezentacije prostora v različnih historičnih, medijskih in socialnih kontekstih, pri čemer segajo od teoretske refl eksije do analize konkretnih prostorov in njihovih upodobitev.
The Effectiveness of Using Games for Developing Young Learners’ Grammar Competence
Authors: Lilić Polona , Bratoz Silva
Published: December 2019

The main aim of this paper is to explore the effectiveness of using games in teaching English grammar to young learners. Today there is an overall agreement among researchers in foreign language teaching and language acquisition that grammar should be taught at all levels of instruction, including to young learners, bearing in mind that it should be considered in the context of meaningful communication. The paper first presents a review of the literature in the area of grammar teaching and using games for language teaching purposes. The second part presents the results of an experimental study aimed at testing the hypothesis that activities based on grammar games are a more efficient strategy for teaching grammar than more traditional ELT activities. The results of the experiment prove the efficacy of using grammar games in teaching grammar to young learners.
A Comparative Study of CLIL Trajectories in the Polish Education System
Authors: Romanowski Piotr
Published: December 2019

This paper aims to present a comparative study of the existing curricular Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) models as used by teachers in Polish lower- and upper-secondary schools in the system of education which ended in 2017 when the New Education Reform was implemented. The article reveals the details pertaining to general language education in Poland and bilingual classrooms focusing on CLIL. The main goal is to analyse which languages are most frequently employed in bilingual education as the medium of instruction, the school subjects whose content is imparted through the medium of a foreign language as well as the four major curricular models developed and implemented for the needs of bilingual provision in Poland.
Tracing the Space Between Euphemisms and Dysphemisms: The Case of Obesity in English and German
Authors: Škifić Sanja , Pavić Pintarić Anita
Published: December 2019

The paper investigates how obesity as an aspect of physical appearance is represented in English and German. The existence of various expressions that refer to obesity leads to the assumption that both investigated languages rely on euphemisms and dysphemisms to talk about obesity. Using a corpus of different expressions from lexicographic sources, we analyse their descriptions and their classification as euphemisms in specialized and general dictionaries. Semantic phenomena that might be identified within such expressions were also taken into consideration. To investigate the usage of the identified euphemisms and dysphemisms, a questionnaire was administered among native speakers of English and German. The corpus was used to trace the space between euphemisms and dysphemisms in language use. The main goal was to identify the ways in which obesity is referred to in two different sociocultural contexts, and to establish the extent to which lexicographic identifications and descriptions of euphemisms overlap with native speakers’ perceptions and use of such items.
Shoot multiplication of two Sequoia sempervirens  genotypes with addition of small concentrations of kinetin
Authors: Meneguzzi Aline , Konzen Enéas Ricardo , Navroski Marcio Carlos , Camargo Samila Silva , Pereira Mariane De Oliveira , Rufato Léo , Lovatel Queli Cristina
Published: December 2019

Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl. é uma conífera que produz madeira de elevada qualidade, com potencial de aplicação na indústria. No entanto, a espécie exibe baixas taxas de germinação. Este estudo foi dedicado à otimizar um protocolo para a multiplicação de brotos de S. sempervirens, através da micropropagação. Dois genótipos, adaptados ao Sul do Brasil, foram a fonte de explantes para o estudo da multiplicação in vitro. Utilizou-se o meio de cultura MS (Murashige Skoog) (50% de sua concentração original) complementado com reguladores de crescimento sob duas abordagens. Para a multiplicação, foram combinados ácido α-naftaleno acético (ANA) e 6-benzilaminopurina (BAP), em concentrações distintas. No segundo experimento foram testadas, separadamente, três concentrações de cintinas (BAP, cinetina  e 2-isopentenladenina). ANA , na concentração 0,1 mg L-1, permitiu a produção de brotos com maior comprimento médio do ramo principal. O uso de cinetina, em baixas concentrações, proporcionou o melhor desempenho para a multiplicação de brotos, mas com desempenhos distintos, de acordo com o genótipo. Descrevemos uma recomendação dos reguladores de crescimento de plantas mais adequados e suas concentrações para a multiplicação de brotos de S. sempervirens, o que pode auxiliar trabalhos voltados para enraizamento e aclimatização adventícia.
Cubagem de árvores em pé com dendrômetro óptico em sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta
Authors: Curto Rafaella De Angeli , Lauro Aline Cristina , Tonini Helio , Kohler Sintia Valerio , De Araújo Emanuel José Gomes , Biazatti Scheila Cristina
Published: December 2019

Objetivou-se avaliar a exatidão do dendrômetro ótico Criterion RD 1000®, em um sistema de integração lavoura-pecuária-floresta, para mensuração do volume total e por secções com casca de eucalipto. As árvores selecionadas foram derrubadas, tendo seus volumes obtidos pelo método de Smalian por cubagem rigorosa. O mesmo método foi utilizado para cubagem não destrutiva, sendo usado o Criterion para obtenção dos dados. Verificou-se homogeneidade de variâncias pelo teste de Bartlett para o volume total (p-valor 0,5125) e diâmetros ao longo do fuste (p-valor 0,1891). Não foram observadas diferenças entre os volumes totais obtidos pelo método destrutivo, não destrutivo e com o fator de forma médio. Os diâmetros ao longo do fuste obtidos pela cubagem destrutiva foram iguais àqueles obtidos pela cubagem não destrutiva. Para o volume por seções do fuste, verificou-se que apenas nas seções mais próximas ao topo, e considerando o volume até a ponta, houve diferença quando comparado ao volume real, mas refletindo cerca de 9% do volume total. As medições obtidas com o Criterion RD 1000® apresentaram-se sem tendências, fornecendo mensurações confiáveis, tanto para o diâmetro quanto para o volume ao longo do fuste.
Concepciones y prácticas con TIC. La construcción didáctica del tiempo histórico en la formación de profesores de Historia
Authors: López Filardo M.G.
Published: December 2019

El artículo describe las características y presenta los resultados preliminares de un estudio llevado a cabo en el área de la formación inicial del profesorado en Uruguay, que busca develar las concepciones de profesores de Historia sobre la enseñanza del tiempo histórico, y la manera en que, de acuerdo con su formación y experiencia profesional, desarrollan prácticas mediante la integración y el uso de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) con el fin de facilitar y mejorar la comprensión de dicho concepto. El diseño de esta investigación, de corte cualitativo, basado en un estudio de casos múltiples, ha contado con la participación de un grupo de formadores de futuros docentes y otro de profesores noveles. La recolección de datos se ha realizado a través de entrevistas en profundidad, grupos focales, observaciones de clase y análisis de documentos. Los principales resultados indican que los sentidos y significados que los profesores atribuyen al uso de las TIC en la enseñanza de conceptos históricos, están determinados por sus concepciones epistemológicas, sujetas al campo disciplinar de formación y a sus experiencias docentes. Sus prácticas, fundadas en un sólido conocimiento disciplinar, impulsan formas de pensar históricamente, aunque no capitalizan la versatilidad de la tecnología digital para promover procesos de enseñanza innovadores. Por ende, un eje prioritario en la formación inicial del profesorado, es contribuir a que los profesores logren apropiarse, descubrir e imaginar entornos tecnológicos que potencien formas especializadas de construcción del conocimiento.
Gamificación, estrategia compartida entre universidad, empresa y millennials
Authors: De los Ríos A. , Muñoz Y. , Castro P. , Arroyo J. L.
Published: December 2019

Los rasgos culturales de los millennials, el desarrollo de la tecnología y el cambio de concepción del proceso de formación del alumnado, impulsado por el Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior, han sido determinantes en el desarrollo y evolución de los juegos en la docencia universitaria. La gamificación está relacionada con el desarrollo de habilidades, la motivación y el compromiso del estudiante. El trabajo tiene como objetivo aportar evidencias de los beneficios de la gamificación en el itinerario formativo de los estudiantes de Administración y Dirección de Empresas. Para ello se han seleccionado dos experiencias distintas por las competencias que se trabajan y por el valor añadido que aportan. En el primer caso, el trabajo presenta evidencia empírica de la mejora de la calificación final de los estudiantes que han participado en la experiencia de gamificación. Los beneficios de la  segunda experiencia son de distintos tipos y alcanzan a alumnado, universidad y empresa. El éxito de ambas experiencias se debe a su adaptación a los rasgos culturales de los millennials, cuyo proceso de aprendizaje está condicionado por la tecnología y por otros rasgos identificados en la literatura. La segunda experiencia da respuesta a la necesaria colaboración universidad-empresa y la generación de redes.
Head movement to specifier positions
Authors: Harizanov Boris
Published: December 2019

Syntactic movement of phrases, modeled in terms of Internal Merge, has traditionally been distinguished on empirical grounds from syntactic movement of heads, modeled by other means. I demonstrate that, once the class of head movements implicated in word formation is excluded from consideration (assumed to be, for example, post-syntactic, following Harizanov & Gribanova 2019), the residue of head movements, which are purely syntactic in nature, and phrasal movement can receive a unified treatment. Both phrasal and syntactic head movement are implemented here as instances of Internal Merge (following, for example, Fukui & Takano 1998; Toyoshima 2001; Matushansky 2006; Vicente 2007; 2009). This treatment of syntactic head movement renders long-standing stipulations about structure building such as the Chain Uniformity Condition superfluous. It also makes sense of the properties of syntactic head movement, as demonstrated in a case study of participle fronting in Bulgarian, which targets a specifier position, violates the Head Movement Constraint, can cross finite clause boundaries, and can have discourse effects.
A Research on Learning Approaches and Achievement Focused Motivations of Prospective Visual Arts Teachers
Authors: Taşkesen Selma
Published: December 2019

Investigating the relationship between the learning approaches and achievement-focused motivations of the prospective visual arts teachers is the purpose of this study. The data of the research, in which the survey model was employed, were collected from 115 prospective visual arts teachers. As the data collection tool, the Achievement Focused Motivation Scale (AFMS), and the Learning Strategies Scale (LSS) were applied. The descriptive analysis was used to test the learning approaches and achievement-focused motivation levels of the prospective visual arts teachers, the independent samplings t-test to test the achievement focused motivation difference according to the gender, the One-way Variance Analysis to investigate the difference according to the class level. According to the research, it was found that the achievement focused motivation levels of the prospective visual arts teachers was pretty high; nevertheless, no significant difference was found in the achievement focused motivation levels according to the gender and class level. However, a significant difference was encountered in the Learning Approach dimension according to the class level. In addition, it was found in the study that a positive, high level of relationship was observed between the Achievement Focused Motivation and the Learning Approaches, In-depth Teaching Approach and Strategic Approach.
An Investigation of Training Processes and Expectation Levels of Swimming Referees
Authors: Eskiyecek Canan Gülbin
Published: December 2019

This study was aimed to investigate the opinions of licensed swimming referees within the structure of Turkey Swimming Federation about referee training process and determine the level of their expectations. The study group was randomly selected by a total of 212 swimming referees (95 female and 117 male), and attended Development Seminar for Swimming Referees which was held in Antalya in 2016. “The Review of Referee Training Process and The Survey of Expectation Levels” developed by Bahadır Kayışoğlu in 2008 was used as a data collection tool in the study. Necessary formal permissions were obtained from Turkish Swimming Federation for the scale applied to the referees. In the analysis of the data, t-test was used for binary comparisons, and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for multiple comparisons. SPSS Statistics 24.0 was used in the analysis of the data. The p-value that was less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As a result of the research, it was found that some variables of swimming referees (age, gender, classification, professional experience, educational level, satisfaction level and the reasons to become a referee) have impacts on referees’ training processes, so it was determined that the referees had both positive and negative opinions regarding the referee training process.
Matching Revenues and Costs: The Counter-Intuitive Rationality of Direct Costing
Authors: Maria Moisello Anna , Mella Piero
Published: December 2019

This study investigates the consequences of adopting two simple sets of rules the manager can consider as perfectly rational and follow in his decisions regarding price, volume and mix of the various products. The first set follows the full (absorption) costing method logic, while the second is based on the direct (variable, marginal) costing method logic. It shows that costing systems adopting the full-costing method can lead management to make non-rational decisions regarding the setting of prices, acceptance of orders, make or buy choices and, above all, determination of the optimal production mix through programming and budgeting. On the other hand, using the direct costing method allows the manager to achieve rational results during the decision-making and planning phases, even if these often appear counter-intuitive when compared with the results achieved using the full costing method, which seem to conform to naïve intuition. The risk in the latter case is even more serious when we are dealing with multi-production firms operating under conditions of limited production capacity regarding one or more factors, as occurs most of the time. The demonstration of the thesis of the superiority of direct costing method rules in management decisions related to the problem of the matching costs and revenues is carried out with numerical evidence, formulating a set of decision problems that are solved by comparing the results obtained both with the full costing method rules and with the direct costing method rules.
The Role of Special Education Teachers in Overcoming Developmental Disorders in Government Primary Schools in Northern West Bank
Authors: Dweikat Fakhri Mustafa
Published: December 2019

This study aimed to identify the role of special education teachers in overcoming the growth disorders in public schools in Northern West Bank. The field descriptive method was used. To achieve this, a questionnaire was collected to collect data and information, which included (42) items, distributed into three areas. (Environmental, occupational, therapeutic) The validity of the tool was examined by presenting it to the academic supervisor and a group of arbitrators. The stability of the questionnaire was determined using the Cronbach's alpha equation, where the data were processed using the Statistical Package Program (SPSS). It was the results of the study that the role of special education teachers In overcoming growth disorders in public schools in Northern West Bank, it was found that there were no significant differences at the level of significance (α ≤ 0.05) in the role of special education teachers in overcoming growth disorders in public schools Nablus attributed to the variables of sex, educational qualification, years of experience, and after reviewing the results of the study came out several recommendations, the most important of which were: The need for the Ministry of Education to introduce modern technology in teaching students with growth disorders and to provide supporting technology to help them. The need to provide the appropriate educational tools and materials by the Ministry of Education to teach courses and integrated educational programs used with people with growth disorders considerate their different characteristics.
The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on in vitro growth and fermentation of Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii
Authors: Grochowska Sylwia , Nowak Włodzimierz , Lasik-Kurdyś Małgorzata , Mikuła Robert , Nowak Jacek
Published: December 2019

Stimulation of lactate utilization by Selenomonas ruminantium and Megasphaera elsdenii may help in reducing problems associated with rumen acidosis. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of a Saccharomyces cerevisiae live culture and Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation products on in vitro growth and fermentation of lactate-utilizing ruminal bacteria, S. ruminantium (ATCC 19205) and M. elsdenii (ATCC 25940). The cultures were run for 0, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h under anaerobic conditions on a growth medium supplemented with a yeast live culture (SC) or with yeast fermentation products (SCFP) and, as reference, on the same medium without supplementation (CON). Neither SC nor SCFP had a significant effect on the growth of S. ruminantium after 6, 12 and 24 h of incubation, but the live yeast culture significantly (P≤0.05) improved the growth of these bacteria after 48 h of incubation. The yeast fermentation products significantly (P≤0.05) decreased pH and increased lactate synthesis by S. ruminantium. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae live culture significantly improved the growth of M. elsdenii after 12 and 24 h of incubation, and the S. cerevisiae fermentation products increased its growth after 48 h. The After 24 and 48 h of incubation the Saccharomyces cerevisiae live culture reduced the concentration of total volatile fatty acids (VFA), while caproate was the main product of in vitro fermentation of M. elsdenii (P≤0.05). Saccharomyces cerevisiae live cultures may improve microbial fibre fermentation in the rumen by maintaining optimal pH conditions.
The effect of adding herbs to the winter diet on the fatty acid profile of the lipid fraction of sheep milk
Authors: Jarzynowska Anna , Peter Ewa
Published: December 2019

The study was carried out on bulk milk samples collected at two-week intervals during the winter (February-April) and individually from ewes at the end of the experiment. The milk was obtained from ewes of the coloured variety of Polish Merino, housed indoors and fed conserved bulky feeds and a mixture of concentrate feeds. Three diet groups were established: group I – control (without the addition of herbs to the concentrate feed) and groups II and III, in which an herbal mixture was added to the concentrate feed in the amount of 10 and 20 g/sheep/day, respectively. The effect of the herb supplement in the sheep diet on the fatty acid profile of the milk fat was analysed. The results showed that in the period from 69 to 137 days of lactation the content of SFA increased in the milk fat of sheep fed without the addition of herbs, while the content of UFA decreased. The addition of the herbal supplement to the concentrate feed in the amount of 10 or 20 g/sheep/day improved the fatty acid profile from the 97th day of lactation. As a result, at the end of the experiment, the milk fat of sheep in groups II and III contained more MUFA acids than that of group I (6.7%; P≤0.05 and 10.6%; P≤0.01, respectively), more PUFA (by 11.1% and 12.5%; P≤0.01), and more DFA (by 6.3%; P≤0.05 and 11.8%; P≤0.01). The addition of herbs in the amount of 10 or 20 g/sheep/day (groups II and III) increased the content of n-3 PUFAs in the milk fat (by 17.5%; P≤0.01 and 7.9%; P≤ 0.05, respectively,), n-6 PUFA (by 9.7% and 11.4%; P≤0.01) and CLA (by 11.9% and 28.6%; P≤0.01), and decreased the content SFA (by 1.75% and 2.8%, respectively; P≤0.01) and OFA (by 2.9%; P≤0.05 and 5.2%; P≤0.01). In both experimental groups, beneficial changes were also noted in the health quality indicators of the milk, calculated on the basis of the UFA/SFA, DFA/OFA and PUFA/SFA ratios.
Supercritical carbon dioxide Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus extracts and their influence on human macrophages inflammatory state*
Authors: Gregorius Aleksandra , Krzyczkowski Wojciech , Wierucka Marta , Kupińska Julia , Dębczak Agnieszka , Łopatek Urszula , Tyśkiewicz Katarzyna , Wiejak Rafał , Wrona Olga , Rój Edward
Published: December 2019

Herbal extracts are promising immunomodulating compounds. Their standardization may improve clinical outcome in various conditions related to inflammatory state. The aim of this study was to assess the utility of Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus extracts obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) in the reduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines release after LPS stimulation in the in vitro model.
After scCO2 extraction, the cytotoxic potential of the obtained compounds was determined. The highest non-cytotoxic concentrations were selected for further inflammatory testing. PMA-differentiated U937 cells were used as an LPS induced model of the inflammation to assess the extracts potential to decrease the level of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α.
Either individually tested or in combination scCO2 extracts markedly reduced the level of released pro-inflammatory cytokines in comparison to LPS stimulated positive control.
Our results show that the usage of standardized Cannabis sativa L. and Humulus lupulus extracts might be beneficial in reducing the inflammatory state. Application of the mixed extracts not only reduces the need for a high concentration of pure compounds, but also broadens the possible therapeutic effect. Moreover, scCO2 extraction may serve as the efficient method of obtaining functional anti-inflammatory extracts from either hop cones or cannabis.
Postrzeganie oraz ocena występowania zagrożeń podczas realizacji usług transportowych na terenie UE przez polskie małe i średnie przedsiębiorstwa
Authors: Krzywonos Marek
Published: December 2019

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Współdziałanie straży gminnych (miejskich) i Policji z Państwową Strażą Pożarną podczas powodzi
Authors: Socha Robert
Published: December 2019

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Avaliação da percepção dos alunos de uma escola do município de Itaporã do Tocantins a respeito da água para as futuras gerações
Authors: Mendes Sandra Alencar de Sousa , Mendes Kairo Sousa , Carvalho Laisy Giordana Lopes , Coelho Marcela , Guimarães Ana Paula Martins
Published: December 2019

Na atualidade, uma das maiores preocupações é quanto a escassez da água potável, que está sendo uma realidade cada vez mais próxima da sociedade. A preocupação não se refere a quantidade da água, mas na qualidade. O mundo pode superar esse fato através das futuras gerações que estejam conscientizados sob tais fatores. Desta forma, o presente trabalho tem por objetivo expressar os resultados de uma pesquisa realizada por meio de questionários aplicados aos alunos do Ensino Fundamental II e Médio da Escola Estadual Francisca Alves de Alencar, localizada no Município de Itaporã do Tocantins, sobre a concepção e o conhecimento dos alunos a respeito da água que é um bem finito e que poderá estar ausente nas futuras gerações. A escassez dos recursos hídricos é um tema que se agrava continuamente no decorrer do tempo, e vem sendo apresentado volumes cada vez mais baixo no reservatório local. Realizaram-se coletas de dados, através de entrevista por meio de questionário e observação direta através dela buscou-se compreender as opiniões e sugestões de cada educando para os problemas levantados em relação ao tema abordado. O estudo realizado comprova a necessidade de novos hábitos de conservação da água, sendo uma das alternativas a água de reuso, uma forma de reaproveitar e reduzir o consumo excessivo. O artigo contribuirá para o âmbito acadêmico através de estudos realizados que poderá ser utilizada a fim de identificar e desenvolver novos métodos sustentáveis, uma consciência que deverá ser tomada, pois é uma questão de sobrevivência e uma forma de garantir que as novas gerações usufruam desse bem tão precioso para a humanidade.
Inventário arbóreo e diagnóstico da ocorrência de cupins em duas praças de Santarém, Pará
Authors: Braga Bruna de Araujo , Rodrigues Eduardo Sousa , De Sales Danielle das Flores , Maestri Mayra Piloni , Sousa Sara Freitas de
Published: December 2019

Praças são áreas públicas com função social, ambiental e econômica, apresentando árvores e infraestrutura urbana em sua composição, as quais proporcionam sensação de bem-estar a seus frequentadores. Contudo, para que benefícios sejam proporcionados, é necessário a realização de um minucioso planejamento para a criação de espaços verdes urbanos e uma perfeita coexistência entre a vegetação e os elementos urbanísticos. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar um inventário arbóreo do tipo censo, de caráter quali-quantitativo para conhecer a composição florística e diagnosticar a fitossanidade das árvores de duas praças no município de Santarém, Pará. Sendo realizada a (a) identificação botânica das espécies e analisada a (b) fenologia do indivíduo, (c) posição e sanidade da copa, fuste e raiz, (d) existência de conflitos com a fiação elétrica, (e) necessidade de manejo e (f) diagnóstico visual da ocorrência de cupins. Foram registradas 18 árvores na Praça das Flores (praça 1), sendo a sapupira a mais frequente, e 6 indivíduos na Praça Nossa Senhora das Graças (praça 2), sendo o nim a espécie mais comum. Na avaliação qualitativa apenas a Praça 1, apresentou fuste com inclinação e parasitas nas copas das árvores. Quanto as raízes, foi observado afloramento contido na praça 1 e danos à infraestrutura com rachaduras nas calçadas devido ao afloramento de raízes na praça 2. O fuste em ambas as praças se apresentavam saudáveis, sem ocorrência de parasitas. Em relação ao diagnóstico de cupins, ambas as praças não apresentavam sinais visíveis de ataque.
Exploration of Contributing Factors of Different Distracted Driving Behaviors
Authors: Shi Jing , Peng Dandan , Xiao Yao
Published: December 2019

The motivation of this research is to explore the contributing factors of driving distraction and compare the contributing factors for three typical distracted driving behaviours: drinking water, answering a phone and using mobile phone application (APP) while driving. An online survey including a driving behaviour scale and the Theory of Planned Behaviour Questionnaire (TPB Questionnaire) was conducted to obtain data related to these driving distractions. An integral structural equation model based on the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was established to explain the factors causing three typical distracted behaviours, and the causes of differences for three typical distracted behaviours were compared. The result shows that the attitudes and perceived behaviour control are the main factors causing distracted behaviours, and the subjective norm has a significant impact on answering a phone while driving. The occurrence of a distracted driving behaviour is the consequence of behaviour intention and perceived behaviour control. These conclusions provide insights for implementing behaviour modification and traffic laws education.
Injury Severity Prediction of Traffic Collision by Applying a Series of Neural Networks: The City of London Case Study
Authors: Siamidoudaran Meisam , İşçioğlu Ersun
Published: December 2019

This paper focuses on predicting injury severity of a driver or rider by applying multi-layer perceptron (MLP), support vector machine (SVM), and a hybrid MLP-SVM method. By correlating the injury severity results and the influences that support their creation, this study was able to determine the key influences affecting the injury severity. The result indicated that the vehicle type, vehicle manoeuvre, lack of necessary crossing facilities for cyclists, 1st point of impact, and junction actions had a greater effect on the likelihood of injury severity. Following this indication, by maximising the prediction accuracies, a comparison between the models was made through exerting the most sensitive predictors in order to evaluate the models’ performance against each other. The outcomes specified that the proposed hybrid model achieved a significant improvement in terms of prediction accuracy compared with other models.
Dynamic Demand Forecast and Assignment Model for Bike-and-Ride System
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Yu Shijun , Deng Shejun , Nie Qinghui , Zhang Pengpeng , Chen Chen
Published: December 2019

Bike-and-Ride (B&R) has long been considered as an effective way to deal with urbanization-related issues such as traffic congestion, emissions, equality, etc. Although there are some studies focused on the B&R demand forecast, the influencing factors from previous studies have been excluded from those forecasting methods. To fill this gap, this paper proposes a new B&R demand forecast model considering the influencing factors as dynamic rather than fixed ones to reach higher forecasting accuracy. This model is tested in a theoretical network to validate the feasibility and effectiveness and the results show that the generalised cost does have an effect on the demand for the B&R system.
Estimating effectiveness of case-area targeted response interventions against cholera in Haiti
Authors: Michel Edwige , Gaudart Jean , Beaulieu Samuel , Bulit Gregory , Piarroux Martine , Boncy Jacques , Dely Patrick , Piarroux Renaud , Rebaudet Stanislas
Published: December 2019

Case-area targeted interventions (CATIs) against cholera are conducted by rapid response teams, and may include various activities like water, sanitation, hygiene measures. However, their real-world effectiveness has never been established. We conducted a retrospective observational study in 2015–2017 in the Centre department of Haiti. Using cholera cases, stool cultures and CATI records, we identified 238 outbreaks that were responded to. After adjusting for potential confounders, we found that a prompt response could reduce the number of accumulated cases by 76% (95% confidence interval, 59 to 86) and the outbreak duration by 61% (41 to 75) when compared to a delayed response. An intense response could reduce the number of accumulated cases by 59% (11 to 81) and the outbreak duration by 73% (49 to 86) when compared to a weaker response. These results suggest that prompt and repeated CATIs were significantly effective at mitigating and shortening cholera outbreaks in Haiti.
The structure of the endogenous ESX-3 secretion system
Authors: Poweleit Nicole , Czudnochowski Nadine , Nakagawa Rachel , Trinidad Donovan D , Murphy Kenan C , Sassetti Christopher M , Rosenberg Oren S
Published: December 2019

The ESX (or Type VII) secretion systems are protein export systems in mycobacteria and many Gram-positive bacteria that mediate a broad range of functions including virulence, conjugation, and metabolic regulation. These systems translocate folded dimers of WXG100-superfamily protein substrates across the cytoplasmic membrane. We report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of an ESX-3 system, purified using an epitope tag inserted with recombineering into the chromosome of the model organism Mycobacterium smegmatis. The structure reveals a stacked architecture that extends above and below the inner membrane of the bacterium. The ESX-3 protomer complex is assembled from a single copy of the EccB3, EccC3, and EccE3 and two copies of the EccD3 protein. In the structure, the protomers form a stable dimer that is consistent with assembly into a larger oligomer. The ESX-3 structure provides a framework for further study of these important bacterial transporters.
Architecture of the chromatin remodeler RSC and insights into its nucleosome engagement
Authors: Patel Avinash B , Moore Camille M , Greber Basil J , Luo Jie , Zukin Stefan A , Ranish Jeff , Nogales Eva
Published: December 2019

Eukaryotic DNA is packaged into nucleosome arrays, which are repositioned by chromatin remodeling complexes to control DNA accessibility. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae RSC (Remodeling the Structure of Chromatin) complex, a member of the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler family, plays critical roles in genome maintenance, transcription, and DNA repair. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and crosslinking mass spectrometry (CLMS) studies of yeast RSC complex and show that RSC is composed of a rigid tripartite core and two flexible lobes. The core structure is scaffolded by an asymmetric Rsc8 dimer and built with the evolutionarily conserved subunits Sfh1, Rsc6, Rsc9 and Sth1. The flexible ATPase lobe, composed of helicase subunit Sth1, Arp7, Arp9 and Rtt102, is anchored to this core by the N-terminus of Sth1. Our cryo-EM analysis of RSC bound to a nucleosome core particle shows that in addition to the expected nucleosome-Sth1 interactions, RSC engages histones and nucleosomal DNA through one arm of the core structure, composed of the Rsc8 SWIRM domains, Sfh1 and Npl6. Our findings provide structural insights into the conserved assembly process for all members of the SWI/SNF family of remodelers, and illustrate how RSC selects, engages, and remodels nucleosomes.
Some highlights from the PKP 2019 International Scholarly Publishing Conference
Authors: Eikebrokk Trude , Ekanger Aysa , Fonn Katherine , Frantsvåg Jan Erik , Odu Obiajulu
Published: December 2019

This an overview of the PKP 2019 International Scholarly Publishing Conference that took place at the Autonomous University of Barcelona (Spain) on November 20–22, 2019.
Ayurvedic Topical Medication Induced Bilateral Toxic Endothelitis: A rare case report
Authors: Dastidar Aditi Ghosh , Khedia Deepika , Gupta Isha , Mukherjee Monika , Basu Tamonash , Nigam Eesh
Published: December 2019

Toxic endothelitis is endothelial dysfunction after topical, systemic or intraocular use of substances leading to corneal stromal edema, endothelial pigment deposits with anterior chamber reaction. Causative agents include topical Benzalkonium chloride, Chlorhexidine, Ultraviolet-A, oral amantidine and alcohol consumption. We report a rare case of 51 year old female patient with bilateral toxic endothelitis with inadvertent use of ayurvedic topical drug containing juice of Allium cepa-onion juice-1.68ml, juice of Zingiber officinale-ginger juice-1.66ml, juice of Citrus aurantifolia-lemon juice-1.66ml, honey-5.00ml, benzalkonium chloride (0.01%) and its successful management with short course of topical corticosteroids