bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Attosecond pulse generation from $H_2^ + $H2+ ions using a multicolor beam superposition method
Authors: Ebrahimzadeh S. , Barzi M. , Lotfollahi M. , Tabatabaei S. N. , Sarikhani S.
Published: January 2020

The behavior of the high-order harmonics and output attosecond pulses from hydrogen molecule ions with various internuclear distances that are exposed to high intensity incoming pulses are investigated. The incoming pulses that are spectrally wide yield from a superposition of monochromatic beams with a constant frequency distance. Our simulations show that the most intense and shortest attosecond pulses can result from hydrogen molecular ions with large internuclear distances which are exposed to irradiation of intense pulses with a frequency width greater than 0.03 a.u.
Frequency-agile injection-seeded terahertz-wave parametric generation: publisher’s note
Authors: Moriguchi Yoshikiyo , Tokizane Yu , Takida Yuma , Nawata Kouji , Nagano Shigenori , Sato Manabu , Otsuji Taiichi , Minamide Hiroaki
Published: January 2020

This publisher’s note contains corrections to Opt. Lett.
45, 77 (2020)OPLEDP0146-959210.1364/OL.45.000077.
Poesía mexicana contemporánea: "Diario de sueños" (2011) o la madurez poética de Homero Aridjis
Authors: Salazar Anglada Aníbal
Published: January 2020

El presente trabajo pone su atención en Diario de sueños, poemario de Homero Aridjis publicado en 2011, que revela la consagración del poeta mexicano, quien se da a conocer a finales de los años 50 y cuenta en su haber con una larga trayectoria compuesta de una treintena de títulos y decenas de poemas memorables. El artículo pone en valor algunas marcas definitorias de la poética aridjisiana, que alcanzan en este libro su más lograda expresión estética y que, en su conjunto, elevan la figura de Aridjis a la categoría de clásico vivo.
La ficción de la historia. Teoría y práctica de la novela en Jorge Edwards
Authors: Valcárcel López Eva
Published: January 2020

La obra literaria de Jorge Edwards sostiene un diálogo constante entre historia y novela. En estas páginas establecemos los fundamentos teóricos de la propuesta estética de Edwards, según la cual historia y novela están hermanadas en la construcción del discurso.
Carmen Pinillos y José Javier Azanza (eds.). Et nunc et semper festa. Pamplona: Ediciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019.
Authors: Gutiérrez Gil Alberto
Published: January 2020

Reseña de la publicación de Carmen Pinillos y José Javier Azanza (eds.). Et nunc et semper festa. Pamplona: Ediciones de la Universidad de Navarra, 2019. 348 páginas, ISBN: 9788431333621.
José Carlos González Boixo. Juan Rulfo. Estudios sobre literatura, fotografía y cine. Madrid: Cátedra, 2018
Authors: Zevallos María Angélica
Published: January 2020

Reseña de la publicación de José Carlos González Boixo. Juan Rulfo. Estudios sobre literatura, fotografía y cine. Madrid: Cátedra, 2018. ISBN: 9788437639161.
Effect of Nauclea subdita (Korth.) Steud. leaf extract on hematological and histopathological changes in liver and kidney of striped catfish infected by Aeromonas hydrophila
Authors: Aisiah Siti , Prajitno Arief , Maftuch Maftuch , Yuniarti Ating
Published: January 2020

Aim: The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of different doses of Bangkal (Nauclea subdita) leaf extract on hematological and histological changes in kidney and liver of catfish (Pangasius hypophthalmus) infected by Aeromonas hydrophila.

Materials and Methods: Catfish were experimentally infected with A. hydrophila at a dose of 108 cells/mL through intraperitoneal injection, and the hematological and histological changes in the kidney and liver of catfish against the pathogen were observed.

Results: Not all concentrations of N. subdita caused a toxic effect in striped catfish. The clinical symptoms of catfish after infection with A. hydrophila and treatment with N. subdita leaf extract included morphological and behavioral changes. N. subdita leaf extract reduced mortality caused by A. hydrophila. Treatment with N. subdita leaf extract was effective in reducing the inflammation by decreasing the activity of neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. The Hb and Ht levels of catfish significantly decreased after exposure to 108 cells/mL of A. hydrophila and increased significantly after N. subdita treatment. Necrosis percentages in the kidney and liver also decrease after N. subdita treatment.

Conclusion: The results indicate that N. subdita leaf extract stimulates the immunity and increases the resistance of catfish to A. hydrophila. N. subdita leaf extract may be used as a potential source for future drug development and food applications.
Проекты привлечения иностранных рабочих на предприятия горнодобывающей отрасли Степного края в годы Первой мировой войны
Authors: Анисимова Инна Владимировна
Published: January 2020

Исследование посвящено изучению вопроса о привлечении иностранной рабочей силы на горнодобывающие предприятия Степного края в годы Первой мировой войны. Документальной основой статьи послужили материалы, хранящиеся в Российском государственном историческом архиве, часть которых впервые вводится в научный оборот. Промышленность Степного края в годы Первой мировой войны испытывала дефицит рабочей силы. Руководство горнодобывающими предприятиями рассматривало возможность привлечения японских и китайских рабочих. Однако после более тщательного изучения данного вопроса на предприятиях Риддера вынуждены были отказаться от использования труда иностранцев, так как это влекло за собой необходимость решения целого ряда проблем, связанных с обеспечением новых рабочих достойными условиями проживания, предоставлением социальных гарантий, медицинским страхованием. Также трудоустройству иностранцев на предприятия горнодобывающей промышленности Степного края препятствовали языковой барьер, высокие расходы, сопряженные с перевозом и содержанием рабочих. Нередко иностранцы после выяснения условий труда отказывались от предлагаемой работы, объясняя это низкой заработной платой. В итоге, несмотря на различные проекты привлечения иностранцев, руководство горнодобывающей отраслью Степного края вынуждено было изыскивать внутренние ресурсы для ликвидации дефицита рабочей силы.
Реализация продовольственной политики Временного правительства на территории Забайкалья
Authors: Тумурхонова Нина Васильевна
Published: January 2020

Рассмотрена реализация политики Временного правительства по решению продовольственного вопроса на территории Забайкальской области. Автором введены в научный оборот документы, характеризующие организацию продовольственного дела в 1917 г. и деятельность продовольственных органов в Забайкалье.

С приходом к власти Временное правительство реорганизовало систему управления продовольственным делом: в стране повсеместно были созданы губернские, уездные районные волостные продовольственные комитеты, а в Забайкальской области в районах компактного проживания коренного бурятского населения дополнительно аймачные, хошунные, сомонные продовольственные комитеты. Главные мероприятия Временного правительства по преодолению продовольственного кризиса — введение хлебной монополии, установление твердых закупочных цен на сельскохозяйственную продукцию, реквизиция скота и мяса были направлены на налаживание прямого товарообмена между городом и деревней. В Забайкалье данные меры оказались малоэффективны, так как область относилась к потребляющим регионам, а в условиях неурожая хлебов и трав 1917 г. не могла удовлетворить потребности собственного населения в продовольствии.
GIRLS’ EXPLOITATION IN THE TRIPLE BORDER AMONG ARGENTINA, BRASIL AND PARAGUAY: BETWEEN COLONIALISM AND HUMAN RIGHTS NARRATIVES
Authors: ZSÖGÖN MARIA CECILIA
Published: January 2020

This article focuses on the narratives and underlying ideologies that enable the persistence of girls’ sexual exploitation in the region of the Triple Border among Argentina, Brasil and Paraguay, where field work was conducted. We argue that the persistence of colonial practices has contributed to the reproduction of subalternity positions for girls and women – especially from impoverished sectors – enforced by the conservative and patriarchal discourse present in many countries of the region. This scenario enables the persistence and naturalization of certain practices that became “invisible” or even accepted and justified as being “cultural”. In this sense, we propose that human rights narrative, although being a Eurocentric construction, can comprise a platform for raising issues on gender inequality and all forms of violence and exploitation taking place in the peripheral regions of the world.
CHILD PARTICIPATION IN FAMILY DECISION-MAKING: THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE RUSSIAN PARENTS’ FORUM
Authors: FILIPOVA ALEXANDRA
Published: January 2020

The topic of children's participation in various issues was updated in the second half of the last century. It was largely due to the adoption of an important international document such as the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Children are as important participants in social life as adults so they have the right to express their opinions on various issues related to their activities, as well as to take into account these opinions by adults in decision-making in the family, in school, in the community, etc. Russian society is dominated by the traditional discourse of the perception of children as human becoming, socially and mentally immature, not-yet-an-adult. To study the parental discourse of children's participation in family issues, empirical material of the network discussion organized at the parental forum called Vladmama (Vladivostok, Russia) is used. In order to organize the discussion, an information injection was carried out. It was the description of the imagined problematic situation of child-parental relations on the issue of child’s participation in family affairs. The 81 messages received from 25 users were analyzed according to James Gee approach.  Seven Gee’s “building tasks” (Activities; Identities; Relationships; Politics; Connections; Sign Systems and Knowledge) are researched on the materials of mother’s forum. The process of creating value is always connected with the exercise of power. In our case, mothers using their power as parents redefine the meanings of children's participation. The main resource that opens the way for adults to power is money. Earning money is interpreted by the participants of the forum as a way for a child to involve in the adult’s world, an opportunity to legalize the child’s right to express his/her own opinion and defend this opinion. Other sources of parent’s power are their own life experience, knowledge and social skills.
THE WRETCHED OF THE AFRICAN EARTH. AN ATTEMPT AT DECONSTRUCTING THE STEREOTYPE OF AFRICANISED MIGRATION DESTINED FOR EUROPE
Authors: KOZERA CYPRIAN ALEKSANDER , POPŁAWSKI BŁAŻEJ
Published: January 2020

The aim of the article is to deconstruct the Africanization of migration destined for Europe, to disprove several cognitive scripts on migration from Africa, most frequently quoted in the conservative media discourse. In the introduction, the migration of Africans destined for Europe in relations to the migration of Asians via Africa destined for Europe were characterized inter alia on the basis of the official documents, UNHCR and FRONTEX reports. Then, the dynamics of transcontinental and intra-Africa migrations – in synchronous and diachronic approach, with the reference to the research results of scholars specialized in the demography, social policy, history of migration – were discussed. Finally, the cultural meanings of migration among Africans is presented.
Entwurf eines Fundraising-Konzepts für kleine und mittlere Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken am Beispiel der Hochschulbibliothek Ludwigshafen
Authors: Haß Torsten
Published: January 2020

Einige kleinere und mittlere Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken scheuen sich noch, Fundraising-Mittel in Anspruch zu nehmen – trotz jahrzehntelanger Fachdiskussion darüber. Etwaige Gründe: Fehlende Finanz- oder Personalressourcen in diesem Bereich oder die Angst, Außenstehende könnten schließen, die Bibliothek oder deren Träger komme nicht aus eigener Kraft mit den Finanzen zurecht. Außerdem weiß man nicht von vornherein, ob sich die Arbeit im Fundraising-Bereich für einen auszahlt oder vergebliche Liebesmüh ist. Der Beitrag kondensiert und konkretisiert vorhandene bibliotheksspezifische Literatur zu einem Konzept, wie es an der Hochschule für Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft Ludwigshafen (HWG) zu Einsatz kommen könnte.
Bioactive magnetic glass-ceramics for cancer treatment
Authors: Velasco Martha V. , Souza Marina T. , Crovace Murilo C. , Aparecido de Oliveira Adilson J. , Zanotto Edgar D.
Published: January 2020

After five decades of research on bioactive glasses and glass-ceramics, these materials became of considerable interest due to their revolutionary potential for numerous health applications, including cancer treatment. One advantage of glass-ceramics compared with other materials – such as metallic alloys and polymers – is their capability of being highly bioactive and, if desired, containing magnetic phases. Hyperthermia (HT) is an alternative for treating cancer; the strategy is to increase the temperature of the tumor using an external magnetic field that increases the temperature of an implanted magnetic material, which works as an internal heat source. This local increase of temperature, ideally to ~43°C, could kill cancer cells in situ without damaging the healthy surrounding tissue. To achieve such goal, a material that presents a balance between proper magnetic properties and bioactivity is necessary for the safe applicability and successful performance of the HT treatment. Certainly, achieving this ideal balance is the main challenge. In this article we review the state-of-the-art on glass-ceramics intended for HT, and explore the current difficulties in their use for cancer treatment, starting with basic concepts and moving onto recent developments and challenges.
Synthesis and physico-chemical characterization of fluoride (F)- and silver (Ag)-substituted sol-gel mesoporous bioactive glasses
Authors: Kargozar Saeid , Baino Francesco , Banijamali Sara , Mozafari Masoud
Published: January 2020

Synthesis and use of novel compositions of bioactive glasses (BGs) for hard tissue engineering are of important significance in the biomedical field. In this study, we successfully synthesized a series of 58S-based BGs containing fluoride (F−) and silver (Ag+) ions through a sol-gel method for possible use in bone/dental regeneration and antibacterial strategies. Characterizations of samples were performed by using thermal analyses (thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), textural analysis (N2adsorption-desorption), and morphological observations by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The obtained data revealed that the fabricated BGs are in a glassy state before incubation in the Kokubo’s simulated body fluid (SBF), and an apatite-like layer is formed on their surface after 7 days of immersion in SBF. The size of the glass particles was in the nano-range (about 100 nm or below), and their pore size was in the mesoporous range (15-25 nm). These early results suggest that the F- and Ag-doped glasses show promise as multifunctional bioactive materials for bone/dental tissue engineering.
Development and objectives of the PHYCOMORPH European Guidelines for the Sustainable Aquaculture of Seaweeds (PEGASUS)
Authors: Barbier Michèle , Araújo Rita , Rebours Céline , Jacquemin Bertrand , Holdt Susan L. , Charrier Bénédicte
Published: January 2020

Seaweed resources play an increasingly important role in European Blue Growth and Bioeconomy strategies and European production is anticipated to increase dramatically with the continued up-swing of global market interests in seaweed resources. As a consequence, there is a need to ensure the environmental sustainability of future aquaculture activities, as reported in the PEGASUS white paper. The present article summarizes the published PEGASUS guidelines developed in the framework of the COST Action Phycomorph, for the future development of this sector. This includes the advances made in this important arena of applied phycology taking into account scientific, technical, environmental, legal and socioeconomic dimensions. Challenges, bottlenecks and risks are identified and presented with a special focus on production issues regarding productivity, breeding, choice of appropriate cultivars, disease and pests and also the risk of using non-indigenous and invasive species as candidates for cultivation. The barriers for long-term, sustainable exploitation are also examined including harmony with the European “Nutrition and Health Regulations” necessary in order to ensure food safety. The PEGASUS guidelines provide scientific recommendations required to address the above issues and to provide science-based advice to policymakers, managers and industries for the sustainable development of industrial-scale seaweed aquaculture in Europe and beyond.
An integrated analysis of mineralogical and microstructural characteristics and petrophysical properties of carbonate rocks in the lower Indus Basin, Pakistan
Authors: Ali Abro Waheed , Majeed Shar Abdul , Sang Lee Kun , Ali Narejo Asad
Published: January 2020

Carbonate rocks are believed to be proven hydrocarbon reservoirs and are found in various basins of Pakistan including Lower Indus Basin. The carbonate rock intervals of the Jakkher Group from Paleocene to Oligocene age are distributed in south-western part of Lower Indus Basin of Pakistan. However, there are limited published petrophysical data sets on these carbonate rocks and are essential for field development and risk reduction. To fill this knowledge gap, this study is mainly established to collect the comprehensive high quality data sets on petrophysical properties of carbonate rocks along with their mineralogy and microstructure. Additionally, the study assesses the impact of diagenesis on quality of the unconventional tight carbonate resources. Experimental techniques include Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray diffraction (XRD), photomicrography, Helium porosity and steady state gas permeability. Results revealed that the porosity was in range of 2.12 to 8.5% with an average value of 4.5% and the permeability was ranging from 0.013 to 5.8mD. Thin section study, SEM-EDS, and XRD analyses revealed that the samples mostly contain carbon (C), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) as dominant elemental components.The main carbonate components observed were calcite, dolomite, micrite, Ferron mud, bioclasts and intermixes of clay minerals and cementing materials. The analysis shows that: 1) the permeability and porosity cross plot, the permeability and slippage factor values cross plots appears to be scattered, which showed weaker correlation that was the reflection of carbonate rock heterogeneity. 2) The permeability and clay mineralogy cross plots have resulted in poor correlation in these carbonate samples. 3) Several diagenetic processes had influenced the quality of carbonates of Jakkher Group, such as pore dissolution, calcification, cementation, and compaction. 4) Reservoir quality was mainly affected by inter-mixing of clay, cementation, presence of micrite muds, grain compactions, and overburden stresses that all lead these carbonate reservoirs to ultra-tight reservoirs and are considered to be of very poor quality. 5) SEM and thin section observations shows incidence of micro-fractures and pore dissolution tended to improve reservoir quality.
Revealing photonic Lorentz force as the microscopic origin of topological photonic states
Authors: Chen Jianfeng , Liang Wenyao , Li Zhi-Yuan
Published: January 2020

Charged particles like electrons moving in a magnetic field encounter Lorentz force, which governs the formation of electronic topological edge states in quantum Hall effect systems. Here we show that photons transporting in magneto-optical materials and structures also encounter a physical effect called photonic Lorentz force via the indirect interaction with the magneto-optical medium assisted effective magnetic field. This effect can induce half-cycle spiral motion of light at the surface of a homogeneous metallic magneto-optical medium and inhomogeneous magneto-optical photonic crystals, and it governs the intriguing one-way transport properties of robustness and immunity against defects, disorders, and obstacles. Thus, photonic Lorentz force serves as the fundamental microscopic origin of macroscopic photonic topological states, much the same as classical Lorentz force does to electronic topological states.
Understanding uncertain information in vocal description for creating virtual spatial maps
Authors: Bandara H. M. Ravindu T. , Muthugala M. A. Viraj J. , Jayasekara A. G. Buddhika P. , Chandima D. P.
Published: January 2020

Assistive robots are developed for supporting daily activities of elderly people to uplift the living standards. The assistive robots should be friendly, reliable, active, and comprehensible in order to satisfy the needs of elderly population. Human activities are frequently related to navigational tasks and human tend to use descriptions which include natural language phrases and uncertain terms such as “near”, “little”, “far”, “small”, “large”, “close”to describe about spatial information. Therefore assistive robots should be capable of analysing and understanding descriptions which contain natural language phrases with uncertain terms and creating a conceptual map for effective navigation. This paper proposes a method to understand spatial information in a description with uncertain terms and creates a conceptual map in a robot memory which can be linked with spatial map for purposeful, effective and human friendly navigation task. Human studies have been carried out to study different types of descriptions related to navigation tasks. The Virtual Spatial Data Identifier (VSDI) and Uncertain Term Identifier (UTI) modules have been introduced in order to evaluate the spatial information in description to create a virtual map. Results of the system have been compared with the results of a human study in order to evaluate performance of the proposed system.
The enhancement of filament winding in marine launching rubber gasbag
Authors: Xu Jiazhong , Liu Meijun , Yang Hai , Fu Tianyu , Tian Jiande
Published: January 2020

The traditional craft of marine launching rubber gasbag that made by hand laying cord fabric has the disadvantages of irregular reinforcing direction and discontinuity of cord, which leads to the limitation of bearing capacity of gasbag and poor reliability. Based on the analysis of the structure of the rubber gasbag and geodesic winding pattern used in marine launching, the winding process design and experiment of the fiber reinforced rubber gasbag are carried out to solve the problem. The numerical simulation of the wound rubber gasbag is established by the finite element software ABAQUS in order to study the geometrical and contact nonlinearity of the gasbag, and the nonlinear relationship of parameters in application process, and then compare the application performance with those of the traditional cord fabric placement molding. Finally, the winding pattern test and deformation simulation experiment are carried out to verify the fact that the reinforced rubber gasbag with glass fiber / polyurethane composite material has a higher bearing capacity compared with the traditional handmade rubber gasbag. Thus, it provides theoretical and experimental evidence for the winding process of rubber gasbag.
Processing the Word Red and Intellectual Performance: Four Replication Attempts
Authors: Gnambs Timo , Kovacs Carrie , Stiglbauer Barbara
Published: January 2020

Colors convey meaning and can impair intellectual performance in achievement situations. Even the processing of color words can exert similar detrimental effects. In four experiments, we tried to replicate previous findings regarding the processing of the word “red” (as compared to a control color) on cognitive test scores. Experiments 1 and 2 (Ns = 69 and 104) are direct replications of Lichtenfeld, Maier, Elliot, and Pekrun (2009). Both experiments failed to uncover a red color effect on verbal reasoning scores among high school students and undergraduates (Cohen’s d = 0.04 and –0.23). Experiments 3 and 4 (N = 103 and 1,149) failed to identify an effect of processing red on general knowledge test scores (Cohen’sd = 0.19) and 0.01) among undergraduates and adults. Together, these results do not corroborate the assumption that processing the word red impairs intellectual performance.
Sex Chromosome Pairing Mediated by Euchromatic Homology inDrosophilaMale Meiosis
Authors: Hylton Christopher A , Hansen Katie , Bourgeois Andrew , Tomkiel Dean John E
Published: January 2020

Drosophila males have evolved a unique system of chromosome segregation in meiosis that lacks recombination. Chromosomes pair at selected sequences suggesting that early steps of meiosis may also differ in this organism...

Diploid germline cells must undergo two consecutive meiotic divisions before differentiating as haploid sex cells. During meiosis I, homologs pair and remain conjoined until segregation at anaphase. Drosophila melanogaster spermatocytes are unique in that the canonical events of meiosis I including synaptonemal complex formation, double-strand DNA breaks, and chiasmata are absent. Sex chromosomes pair at intergenic spacer sequences within the ribosomal DNA (rDNA). Autosomes pair at numerous euchromatic homologies, but not at heterochromatin, suggesting that pairing may be limited to specific sequences. However, previous work generated from genetic segregation assays or observations of late prophase I/prometaphase I chromosome associations fail to differentiate pairing from maintenance of pairing (conjunction). Here, we separately examined the capability of X euchromatin to pair and conjoin using an rDNA-deficient X and a series of Dp(1;Y) chromosomes. Genetic assays showed that duplicated X euchromatin can substitute for endogenous rDNA pairing sites. Segregation was not proportional to homology length, and pairing could be mapped to nonoverlapping sequences within a single Dp(1;Y). Using fluorescence in situ hybridization to early prophase I spermatocytes, we showed that pairing occurred with high fidelity at all homologies tested. Pairing was unaffected by the presence of X rDNA, nor could it be explained by rDNA magnification. By comparing genetic and cytological data, we determined that centromere proximal pairings were best at segregation. Segregation was dependent on the conjunction protein Stromalin in Meiosis, while the autosomal-specific Teflon was dispensable. Overall, our results suggest that pairing may occur at all homologies, but there may be sequence or positional requirements for conjunction.
El continuo crecimiento de la agricultura orgánica: Orgánico 3.0
Authors: Soto Gabriela
Published: January 2020

El desarrollo de la producción orgánica en el mundo se divide en tres etapas para facilitar su análisis. Orgánico 1.0. La gestación del movimiento, con pensadores, en su mayoría agricultores, que producen alimentos acorde con los principios ecológicos. Aumenta el número de organizaciones de productores orgánicos, se conforman las primeras agencias de certificación. Orgánico 2.0. Los consumidores reconocen económicamente a los que hacen un esfuerzo por mejorar el planeta. Las transnacionales empezaron a comprar a las pequeñas y exitosas empresas orgánicas. El proceso de certificación se distancia de los productores y el reconocimiento económico no llega a los pequeños productores. En los foros internacionales se distingue a la agroecología y no la producción orgánica como la estrategia de desarrollo para las zonas rurales. Orgánico 3.0. Se hace un alto en el camino para revisar aciertos y desaciertos del movimiento orgánico. Se debe aprovechar el reconocimiento mundial de la palabra orgánico para mejorar el impacto en temas de equidad, justicia social, y sostenibilidad. Para esto se promueve el consumo local, la certificación participativa, los costos reales de productividad, que consideren los impactos ambientales y en la salud, de la producción convencional. El sector ambientalista debe trabajar unido buscando colaborar en las múltiples áreas de coincidencia.
Asociación entre algunos índices de sequía e impactos socio-productivos en el Pacífico Norte de Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada-Hernández Luis Eduardo , Hidalgo Hugo G. , Alfaro Eric J.
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: Las sequías en Costa Rica son un evento hidrometeorológico extremo que afecta a muchos productores agrícolas y a la sociedad en general. [Objetivo]: Identificar cuál índice de sequía logra una relación más fuerte con los impactos asociados a este tipo de acontecimientos extremos en sectores sociales y productivos para tres cantones localizados en Guanacaste, provincia de Costa Rica, ubicada dentro del Corredor Seco Centroamericano (CSC). [Metodología]: Para ello se construyó (e integró) una base de datos de impactos producidos por sequías para el periodo 1970-1999, a partir de diferentes fuentes de información, que incluye Desinventar, EM-DAT, el Instituto Meteorológico Nacional de Costa Rica, así como reportes periodísticos de impactos de otras fuentes. Estos datos se compararon con los siguientes 6 índices mediante una regresión logística: el Índice Normalizado de Precipitación a escalas de 6 y 12 meses (conocidos como SPI 6 y SPI 12 respectivamente), el Índice de Severidad de Sequía y el Índice Hidrológico de Palmer (conocidos como PDSI y PHDI, respectivamente), el Índice de Reconocimiento de Sequía (conocido como RDI) y el Índice Modificado de Anomalía de Lluvia (conocido como mRAI), todos previamente aplicados en América Central. [Resultados]: En general, el índice más apropiado para estudiar la sequía asociada con los impactos sociales y productivos es el SPI para 6 y 12 meses. [Conclusiones]: En todos los cantones estudiados este índice presenta un alta (baja) probabilidad de muchos (pocos) impactos cuando se encuentra en condiciones moderada y severamente secas (húmedas).
Efecto de fitohormonas y fertilizantes sobre el enraizamiento y crecimiento de mini-estaquillas de híbridos F1 de café (Coffea arabica)
Authors: Matamoros Quesada Andrey , Mesén Sequeira Francisco , Jiménez-Alvarado Luis Diego
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: En el Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza (CATIE) se está buscando optimizar la técnica hortícola de enraizamiento de mini-estaquillas de café para la multiplicación comercial de híbridos a escala masiva y bajo costo. [Objetivo]: El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de distintos fertilizantes y estimulantes hormonales sobre el éxito del enraizamiento y posterior crecimiento de las plantas resultantes. [Metodología]: Se utilizaron mini-estaquillas de tres híbridos de café, tratadas con distintas combinaciones de un bioestimulante, un enraizante, una fórmula a base de multiminerales, vitaminas y fitohormonas, y tres fertilizantes (NP, ZnP, solución hidropónica), las cuales fueron puestas a enraizar en túneles plásticos con irrigación. Las plantas enraizadas fueron trasplantadas a bolsas para un periodo de crecimiento en vivero de 3 meses. [Resultados]: La fase de enraizamiento concluyó a las 12 semanas, con un promedio general superior al 89 %, sin diferencias entre tratamientos ni entre híbridos. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para longitud de raíces, con superioridad de la combinación del enraizante con el fertilizante ZnP. En la fase de vivero hubo diferencias significativas entre tratamientos para altura de plantas, peso fresco de parte aérea, y peso fresco y seco de raíces, logrando destacar, en todos los casos, las combinaciones del enraizante con el complejo de multiminerales o con el fertilizante ZnP. El híbrido L12A28 sobresalió en casi todas las variables evaluadas. [Conclusiones]: El estudio mostró la importancia del uso de complementos auxínicos y nutricionales durante la fase de enraizamiento para optimizar el desempeño de las plantas en vivero. Asimismo, se confirmó la factibilidad de la técnica, enraizamiento de estaquillas, como un método simple y eficiente para la multiplicación de los híbridos.
Evaluación de la calidad del servicio de abastecimiento de agua potable a partir de la percepción de personas usuarias: El caso en Cartago, Costa Rica
Authors: Cruz Zúñiga Nidia , Centeno Mora Erick
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: En Costa Rica existe la necesidad de mejorar la calidad de la prestación del servicio de agua potable de una parte importante de la población, lo que garantiza el Derecho Humano a este recurso vital. [Objetivo]: Este estudio evaluó la percepción de la población de cuatro cantones de la provincia de Cartago (Alvarado, Jiménez, Oreamuno y Turrialba), en relación con el servicio público de agua potable que reciben en su comunidad. [Metodología]: El análisis realizado contempló tanto la ubicación geográfica de la población como el tipo prestatario del servicio, con el fin de evidenciar las similitudes y contrastes que se generan en cada caso. Por medio de encuestas, se obtuvo la opinión de 2 194 personas usuarias de los sistemas hídricos en esas localidades. [Resultados]: Se determinó que existen asimetrías considerables entre varios de los sistemas existentes, con algunos problemas en el nivel de continuidad del servicio y de propiedades organolépticas del líquido. El estudio permitió identificar una fuerte dependencia entre las variables de i) nivel de satisfacción de la persona usuaria, ii) problemas identificados en el sistema y iii) acciones que se implementan en las casas para mitigar esas falencias. [Conclusiones]: La experiencia resultante de este estudio, que evalúa el servicio a través de la percepción de las personas usuarias complementa los indicadores de calidad del servicio tradicionales y presenta un elevado potencial para ser replicado en otros sistemas de Costa Rica y en otros países de América Latina y el Caribe.
Estrategias implementadas por el Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Colombia para conservar los páramos
Authors: Vergara-Buitrago Paulina Alejandra
Published: January 2020

[Introducción]: Colombia cuenta con 37 complejos de páramos, los cuales constituyen un ecosistema estratégico para la conservación de la biodiversidad y los servicios ecosistémicos. Por tanto, se considera necesario el desarrollo de estrategias complementarias para la protección de los páramos que permitan garantizar su sostenibilidad en el largo plazo. [Objetivo]: Analizar el estado actual de articulación de las estrategias de conservación del Sistema Nacional de Áreas Protegidas de Colombia con los páramos delimitados. [Metodología]: Se hizo una revisión en torno a los complejos de páramos de Colombia, a partir de datos geográficos disponible en el Registro Único Nacional de Áreas Protegidas y en el Sistema de Información Ambiental para Colombia. [Resultados]: Se encontró que 51.57 % de los complejos de páramos está incluido en áreas naturales protegidas y es la categoría de parque nacional natural la que abarca mayor extensión, con 914 683.96 ha. [Conclusiones]: Las autoridades ambientales de Colombia deben implementar estrategias de conservación para casi la mitad de los complejos de páramos del país y, con esto, asegurar la continuidad de sus procesos ecológicos, así como el flujo de servicios ecosistémicos para las comunidades que les habitan.
Quantitative gait analysis as an objective tool to assess functional outcome of musculoskeletal regenerative therapies in horses and dogs
Authors: Serra Bragança Filipe , Van Weeren P. René
Published: January 2020

Musculoskeletal regenerative medicine (RM) aims at restoring components of the musculoskeletal system. Most outcome parameters that are used to judge the efficacy of RM treatments focus on the degree to which the newly generated tissue resembles the native tissue and make use of histological, biochemical, and biomechanical techniques. However, in the end it is the functional outcome that counts, and gait is the functional product of the musculoskeletal system. In human medicine, measurement of function is based on the feedback of patients, mostly in the form of so-called visual analogue scoring (VAS) scales, which are seen as relatively reliable, though still subjective and susceptible to bias. In animals this is not possible, and gait is typically scored through application of semi-quantitative scores, like the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP) scale in the horse. Various techniques to measure gait using parameters describing exerted forces (kinetic parameters) and parameters describing motion in space (kinematic parameters) have been developed over the past decades and in more recent times the use of some of these quantitative techniques has become standard in clinical practice in various places (Serra Bragança et al. 2018). It is expected that this use will rapidly increase further, which will have a profound impact on clinical practice. The current developments have already led to a discussion whether we should redefine lameness in the era of quantitative gait analysis (van Weeren et al. 2017). As an evaluation tool for measuring the functionality of musculoskeletal regenerative techniques, quantitative gait analysis has many advantages as it is an excellent technique for longitudinal monitoring in an objective and unbiased way and for subsequent documenting. In this field, the horse is leading but similar techniques are being developed for the dog. Future developments include the generation of big data sets and their exploitation for the development of pattern recognition techniques based on an artificial intelligence approach.
Pathogenesis and prevention strategies for equine tendinopathy
Authors: Smith Roger K.W.
Published: January 2020

Equine tendinopathy arises through two main mechanisms – external trauma or overstrain injury. The pathogenesis of the former is straight forward and prevention relies on avoiding risk factors for palmar/plantar lacerations and protecting the tendons through the use of boots. For over-strain injuries, these mostly arise from overloading of the distal limb resulting in mid-substance tearing of the digital flexor tendons or borders tears of the deep digital flexor tendon within the confines of the digital sheath and navicular bursa. While some of these injuries may be spontaneous injuries associated solely with overload (such as the intra-thecal injuries of the deep digital flexor tendon), it is widely accepted that most overstrain injuries of the superficial digital flexor tendon (and suspensory ligament) occur as a result of accumulated microdamage which predisposes the tendon to over-strain injury. The mechanisms of this accumulated microdamage are poorly understood but probably relate to the effect of high impact loading of the tendon, sustained during normal exercise, which drives degradative changes in the tendon fascicles (Dudhia et al. 2007) and, in particular, the interfascicular matrix (endotenon) that allows the fascicles to slide past one another as a mechanism for the spring-like extension of the tendon under load (Thorpe et al. 2013). This is compounded by the lack of adaptive remodelling in adult tendon (Smith et al. 2002). This subclinical damage makes the tendon prone to sudden tearing of the tendon matrix during normal exercise, the risk of which is increased by factors such as the firmness of the ground, weight, speed, and fatigue. Strategies for prevention of injury rely on identifying at risk individuals through more sensitive monitoring of tendon health, maximising the quality of tendon during growth using carefully tailored ‘conditioning’ exercise regimes (Smith & Goodship 2008), reducing the degeneration induced by normal training and competition, and avoiding high risk factors for the initiation of the clinical injury.
Analisis Perkembangan Kecerdasan Interpersonal Anak dengan Metode Bermain Peran
Authors: Nurtika Eka
Published: January 2020

The purpose of this research is to find out the reality of interpersonal intelligence in a child by the role playing method and dialogue method, and the difference of interpersonal intelligence of children between both of methods. The subject of this research is the students class B RA Al Furqon Buahbatu Bandung. The collection of data on this research using observations, that is a measuring instrument that contains a list of names subject and behaviour which is expected to appear during research. Analysis of data on this research use of statistical analysis parametric measure of t-test between group of experiments with the control group. Based on the result analysis of data obtained value of average at the experiment group = 77, 64, and the value of average of control group = 66,08. And the result of t-test = 9,88, while the value of t-table = 2,060, that suggests that the group experiments obtained the result of a significant compared to the control group. Thus, there are a significant difference, between group of role play method and group of dialogue method, and also this prove that role play methode can increase the interpersonal intelligence of children.
Hubungan Antara Penggunaan Gadget dengan Perkembangan Bahasa Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Dewi Arum Kusuma , Yulianingsih Yuyun , Hayati Tuti
Published: January 2020

The results of the preliminary study in RA Al-Wafi's group showed that, there were several problems related to the use of gadgets with language development including many parents who relied on gadgets to make their children become "calm" or not fussy by tipping video shows or opening youtube. The purpose of this study is to find out the use of gadgets; language development and the relationship between the use of gadgets and the development of early childhood language. The method used is quantitative correlation. Data collection techniques in this study were through interviews / conversations and observations. The results of calculations on variable X obtained an average value of 1.76. This value is in the interval 1.1 - 2.0 with sufficient categories. Whereas, the Y variable obtained an average value of 2.66. This value is in the interval 2.1 - 3.0 in the good category. The relationship between the use of gadgets and the development of early childhood language is obtained by the correlation coefficient of 0.08. This correlation coefficient number is included in the very weak category because it is in the interval 0,000 - 0,199. The results of the significance test obtained the price of tcount = 0.54 smaller than the price of t table = 2.012. This means that Ho is accepted, in other words there is no significant positive relationship between the use of gadgets and the development of early childhood language. The amount of contribution / influence of the use of gadgets to the development of the language of early childhood is only 0.64%. This shows that 99.36% of language development in early childhood is influenced by other factors.
Some Remarks on the Genesis of One of the Images of Early Medieval Art
Authors: Akhmedov Ilia
Published: January 2020

The article focuses on the origin of the image of a dragon with a serpentine body known in the early medieval antiquities of Eastern European nomads. Researchers have long been discussing such images found on the sites of the Volga region and the Urals. According to the most recent hypothesis proposed by N.A. Lifanov, these dragon figures generally match the image of ancient κyτος which was adopted as a result of the acquaintance of the steppe inhabitants with works of late antique or early Byzantine art. The present study addresses a wide range of sources allowing us to construct an alternative version of the genesis of the dragon image. The group of images of fantastic creatures associated with early Buddhist art can be found in East Turkestan. They show immediate morphological and stylistic conformity with Eastern European images. They are also similar to the figures of Sogdian mural and plastic arts. East Turkestan’s images reproduce the well-known patterns of the Buddhist art of Gandhara. Gandhara figures originate from the images of κÞτεα and other widespread in Hellenistic art of Bactria sea monsters. KÞτεα which were companions of sea deities in classical mythology were seamlessly included in the decoration of headwear of Buddha sculptures, worship or relic veneration scenes. They are often found on the architectural details of stūpas. Some believe that κÞτεα evolved from the creation of sea into the creation of sea, air, and earth in the Indo-Greek tradition. They became mediators between worlds. Finally, they could exercise some sort of soteriological function. Apparently, Turkic peoples who were actively involved in all processes that took place in Central Asia and East Turkestan could comprehend these properties. So, the κÞτεα images could be reinterpreted and integrated into their imagery.
The Huns in the Plains of Crimea
Authors: Aibabin Aleksandr
Published: January 2020

The article reviews some evidence of written sources about the Huns in the Crimea and the Huns’ burials found in the plains of the Crimea. Many researchers of the Crimean history dated the invasion of the Huns in the Northern Black Sea region to the time of the reign of Emperor Valens (364–378) taking into account the information of only some narrative sources. However, there is no information about the Huns’ crossing through the Cimmerian Bosporus Strait and the attack on the Bosporus cities in the 370s in the written sources. According to Syrian and Greek sources, N.V. Pigulevskaya reasonably attributed Huns’ crossing through Meotida and the Caucasus Mountains to Mesopotamia and the Syrian coast to 395. This date is confirmed by the updated chronology of nomadic burials known in the Crimea and ceramics from Bosporan cities and settlements. Apparently, the Huns appeared on the peninsula after their settlement in the Northern Black Sea region at the end of the 4th – 5th centuries. Huns tombs on the hillside of Koklyuk, from the State Farm named after Kalinin, from Belyaus and on the necropolis of Ust-Alma are dated back to the first half of the 5th century by polychrome things. According to the funeral rite, the described Crimean graves of the first half of the 5th century are similar to the graves excavated under the kurgans with horse skin known in steppes of the Northern Black Sea region. I.P. Zasetskaya reasonably associated them with the Turks, who were part of the Hunnic tribal union. Nomad burials in Izobilnoe were attributed to the second half of the 5th century, in Marfovka – to the end of the 5th century, and in Chykarenko – to the first half of the 6th century. The graves of nomads of the first half of the 5th century belonged to the Akatziri, and the graves of the second half of the 5th century – first half of the 6th century belonged to Huns-Altziagiri.
Eros and Psyche on the Medallions of Silver Bowls from Sadovy Kurgan: New Data
Authors: Raev Boris
Published: January 2020

The set of eight silver bowls excavated in Sadovy kurgan at the urban outskirts of Novocherkassk in 1962 includes a pair of bowls with medallions depicting scenes with Eros and Psyche. The detailed analysis of the element of the feathery pattern that covers the entire inner surface of the bowls reveals that it was applied by different craftsmen, though the bowls themselves were no doubt made in the same workshop. The central figures of the scenes on both medallions are tied to the columns decorated with garlands, on which one can see vessels. Both vessels have a spherical shape; each has a low stand and conical cover, and are the type of turibulum. One of the vessels bears a figure detail soldered to the right upper part of the vessel’s body. The second figure, soldered to the left side, is visible less clearly (fig. 2,2). The described figures look like protomes of griffins on a turibulum. A similar vessel was found in Khokhlach kurgan, and belongs to the objects produced in the 2nd – 1st centuries BC. We conclude that the identified similarity on manufacturing medallions on the bowls from Sadovy kurgan and the turibulum from Khokhlach kurgan most likely relates the finds to the workshops of the same region, probably the Eastern Mediterranean.