bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simultaneous occurrence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and obstructive sleep apnea: the overlap syndrome
Authors: Kunos László , Varga Judit , Horváth Gábor
Published: June 2012

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is a common disorder in adults associated with several cardiovascular diseases and impaired quality of life. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is also a common clinical condition in middle-aged adults. The combination of these two conditions can eventuate a severe combined sleep-related breathing disorder. It is important to recognize coexisting sleep apnea in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in time and to treat it appropriately. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 892–897.
Disabled Adults in Adult Care Facilities Facing Disasters in New York City: An Aggregate Assessment
Authors: Maja-Schultz Theresa , Swain Bara
Published: June 2012

adults who reside in adult care facilities (ACFs) are an at-risk population in the event of an emergency or disaster. This aggregate requires housing in congregate residential settings due to frailty, function, and/or cognitive impairments. All senior residents need long-term assistance to maintain maximum independence, including 24-hr on-site monitoring, case management, and personal care services such as eating, toileting, transferring, bathing, and dressing. Twenty-five percent of this special population of older adults has psychiatric disabilities and nonmental health comorbidities (Caron et al., 2008). Through a literature search, the challenges and risks of this aggregate in the event of a naturally occurring or manmade emergency, including epidemiological and environmental risks, are identified. Evidence-based literature reveals that the foundation of an effective emergency response and recovery is planning and preparation. Lessons learned from past disasters in the United States have brought attention to the needs of disabled and chronically ill older adults. Developing partnerships, improving communication systems, identifying emergency shelters for disabled adults, and empowering ACF residents and staff through education are recommended with the universal goal of reducing injury, preventing or controlling illness, and saving lives. An innovative educational program utilizing Hybrid Modality is outlined in this article including planning, coalition building, and the use of mapping systems as tools and strategies to improve outcomes. Resources such as local, state, and federal agencies; consumer groups; and trade associations are referenced for accessibility.
The potential of graphical processing units to solve hydraulic network equations
Authors: Crous P. A. , van Zyl J. E. , Roodt Y.
Published: June 2012

The Engineering discipline has relied on computers to perform numerical calculations in many of its sub-disciplines over the last decades. The advent of graphical processing units (GPUs), parallel stream processors, has the potential to speed up generic simulations that facilitate engineering applications aside from traditional computer graphics applications, using GPGPU (general purpose programming on the GPU). The potential benefits of exploiting the GPU for general purpose computation require the program to be highly arithmetic intensive and also data independent. This paper looks at the specific application of the Conjugate Gradient method used in hydraulic network solvers on the GPU and compares the results to conventional central processing unit (CPU) implementations. The results indicate that the GPU becomes more efficient as the data set size increases. However, with the current hardware and the implementation of the Conjugate Gradient algorithm, the application of stream processing to hydraulic network solvers is only faster and more efficient for exceptionally large water distribution models, which are seldom found in practice.
Failure Experience Improvement System (FEIS) for water supply systems
Authors: Lukas Aditya , Mayr Ernest , Ruhri Max , Katzmair Harald , Perfler Reinhard
Published: June 2012

The Failure Experience Improvement System (FEIS) is a software tool that was developed in order to contribute to a minimization of hazardous events and failures within water supply systems and thus to achieve increased water safety. Based on the analysis of failure systems by applying Social Network Analysis (SNA) to the water supply infrastructure, the FEIS enables water utilities to identify causes and effects of failure events and to locate vulnerable points in their infrastructure. Failure events and the relations between them are the basis for the FEIS database. This database draws upon information on failure events which have occurred in practice at water utilities in Austria and on a literature review and survey of guidelines. The FEIS, which is accessed online, is currently used by six Austrian water utilities for development and test purposes. It provides both graphical visualization of the failure network and analytical indicators to evaluate failure events. In this way, it supports the utilities in identifying corrective actions in order to minimize the probability of failure occurrence and to limit the damage to the system once a failure has occurred.
A novel hybrid mechanistic-data-driven model identification framework using NSGA-II
Authors: Sharifi Soroosh , Massoudieh Arash
Published: June 2012

This paper describes a novel evolutionary data-driven model (DDM) identification framework using the NSGA-II multi-objective genetic algorithm. The central concept of this paper is the employment of evolutionary computation to search for model structures among a catalog of models, while honoring the physical principles and the constitutive theories commonly used to represent the system/processes being modeled. The presented framework provides high computational efficiency through connecting a series of NSGA-II runs which share results. Furthermore, the employment of a multi-objective optimization algorithm enables a unique way of incorporating different aspects of model goodness in the model selection process, and also, at the end of the search procedure, provides a number of potential optimal model structures, making it possible for the modeler to make a choice based on the goal of the modeling. As an illustration, the framework is used for modeling wash-off and build-up of suspended solids (TSS) in highway runoff. The performance of the discovered model confirms the potential of the proposed evolutionary DDM framework for modeling environmental processes.
A well-balanced spectral volume scheme with the wetting–drying property for the shallow-water equations
Authors: Cozzolino Luca , Morte Renata Della , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Palumbo Anna , Pianese Domenico
Published: June 2012

The shallow-water equations are widely used to model surface water bodies, such as lakes, rivers and the swash zone in coastal flows. Physically congruent solutions are characterized by non-negative water depth, and many numerical methods may fail to preserve this property at the discrete level when moving wet–dry transitions are present in the physical domain. In this paper, we present a spectral-volume method for the approximate solution of the one-dimensional shallow-water equations, which is third-order accurate in wet regions, far from discontinuities, and which is well balanced for water at rest states: the stability of the solution is ensured if reconstruction and limitation of variables preserves non-negativity of the depth and a suitable constraint for the time step length is satisfied. A number of numerical experiments are reported, showing the promising capabilities of the model to solve problems with non-trivial topographies and friction.
Physico‐chemical Characterization of Grease Interceptors with and without Biological Product Addition
Authors: He Xia , Osborne Jason , de los Reyes Francis L.
Published: June 2012

Hardened and insoluble fat, oil, and grease (FOG) deposits are the primary cause of sewer line blockages leading to sanitary sewer overflows (SSOs). However, there have been very few long‐term assessments of the physico‐chemical characteristics of full‐scale grease interceptors (GIs), the first “line of defense” against FOG buildup in sewer lines. In this study, we assessed the physico‐chemical characteristics of two full‐scale GIs (at a restaurant and a retirement community kitchen) over a one‐year period. Statistically significant differences between bioaugmented and untreated cycles were detected for several chemical and physical properties. The treated cycles had lower BOD and COD at the grease interceptor outlet. While the combined data for all treated cycles did not show lower FOG concentrations in the GI outlet compared to the combined data for all untreated cycles, comparison of specific individual treated and untreated cycles show a positive effect due to the addition of product.
Effect of Sewer Headspace Air‐Flow on Hydrogen Sulfide Removal by Corroding Concrete Surfaces
Authors: Nielsen Asbjørn Haaning , Hvitved‐Jacobsen Thorkild , Vollertsen Jes
Published: June 2012

Hydrogen sulfide adsorption and oxidation by corroding concrete surfaces at different air‐flows were quantified using a pilot‐scale sewer reactor. The setup was installed in an underground sewer research station with direct access to wastewater. Hydrogen sulfide gas was injected into the headspace of the sewer reactor once per hour in peak concentrations of approximately 500 ppmv. The investigated range of sewer air‐flows was representative for natural ventilated sewer systems, and covered both laminar and turbulent conditions. The experiments demonstrated a significant effect of sewer air‐flow on the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide removal from the sewer headspace. From the lowest to the highest air‐flow investigated, the rate of adsorption and oxidation increased more than threefold. At all air‐flows, the reaction kinetics followed a simple n‐th order rate equation with a reaction order of 0.8. The effect of air‐flow on hydrogen sulfide adsorption and oxidation kinetics was quantified by a simple empirical equation.
New Expression Method and Characterization of Recombinant Human Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in a Stable Protein Formulation
Authors: Boubeva Ralitza , Reichert Christian , Handrick René , Müller Claudia , Hannemann Jürgen , Borcharda Gerrit
Published: June 2012

Human recombinant granulocyte colony stimulating factor (rhG-CSF) is widely used in hematology and oncology for the treatment of neutropenia, for the restoration of neutrophil production after bone marrow transplantation, for myelodysplastic syndromes, and aplastic anemia. The E. coli
expression system is commonly used for fast recombinant production of rhG-CSF at a large scale. We have applied a novel autoinduction method for the batch expression of rhG-CSF to study whether this new system would increase cell mass and target-protein yield compared to conventional E. coli
cell culture and induction with isopropyl ?-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG). We could demonstrate 3-fold higher culture densities and a 5-fold higher protein yield compared to IPTG induction without the need to monitor cell growth in a shortened 24 h expression procedure. rhG-CSF expressed
in autoinduction media was successfully extracted from E. coli inclusion bodies and refolded by dialysis. After size exclusion chromatography (SEC) purification, rhG-CSF showed similar conformation, biological activity and aggregation profile compared to the commercially available biosimilar
TEVAgrastim® (TEVA Pharma AG). Expression by autoinduction is suggested as a cost- and time-effective method for rhG-CSF production.
How to Increase the Safety and Efficacy of Compounds against Neurodegeneration? A Multifunctional Approach
Authors: Nurisso Alessandra , Simoes-Pires Claudia , Martel Sophie , Cressend Delphine , Guillot Amandine , Carrupt Pierre-Alain
Published: June 2012

Successful drug design requires not only the detailed knowledge of the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles of the drug candidate portfolio but also a thorough documentation of the possible toxic effects on humans and the environment. Thus, experimental and computational strategies
able to measure or predict specific profiles of designed compounds related to their potential toxicity are highly desired. Moreover, a strategy to avoid toxic effects thus enhancing the potential efficacy of drug candidates is of great interest. To fulfil this aim, the pharmacochemistry research
unit at the EPGL has recently developed and improved methodologies that detect the potential human health and environmental hazards of compounds active against neurodegeneration at an early stage. A three-step strategy is presented herein. In particular, i) an alternative index to model the
bioconcentration of chemicals in the environment was determined; ii) the antioxidant activity of chemical species against free radicals was evaluated. Moreover, since antioxidants play a key role in both toxicity prevention and neuroprotection, iii) the potential interaction of such compounds
with enzymatic targets involved in the neurodegenerative cascade was investigated in silico.
The Pharmaceutical Biochemistry Group: Where Pharmaceutical Chemistry Meets Biology and Drug Delivery
Authors: Kalia Yogeshvar N. , Perozzo Remo , Scapozza Leonardo
Published: June 2012

Successful drug discovery and development of new therapeutics is a long, expensive multidisciplinary process needing innovation and the integration of smart cutting edge science and technology to overcome the challenges in taking a drug from the bench to the bedside. The research activities
of the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry group span the drug discovery and development process, providing an interface that brings together pharmaceutical chemistry, biochemistry, structural biology, computational chemistry and biopharmaceutics. Formulation and drug delivery are brought into play
at an earlier stage when facing the perennial challenge of transforming a potent molecule in vitro into a therapeutic agent in vivo. Concomitantly, drug delivery results can be understood at a molecular level. This broad range of interdisciplinary research activities and competences
enables us to address key challenges in modern drug discovery and development, provides a powerful collaborative platform for other universities and the pharmaceutical industry and an excellent training platform for pharmacists and pharmaceutical scientists who will later be involved in drug
discovery and development.
Plants as a Source of Therapeutic and Health Products
Authors: Christen Philippe , Cuendet Muriel
Published: June 2012

The research unit of Pharmacognosy is mostly working on the biological activity and safety of natural products, as well as herbal dietary supplements. One of the focuses relies on finding new cancer chemopreventive compounds by means of a battery of short-term in vitro bioassays developed
to monitor inhibition of tumorigenesis at various stages. Neglected diseases are a major problem in developing countries. Therefore, the search for new or improved treatments is also needed and consists of another area of research of the unit. For both projects, in-depth mechanistic studies,
as well as in vitro and in vivo absorption and metabolization experiments are performed. Problems related to undeclared, unauthorized or toxic botanicals in herbal dietary supplements are of growing importance as they generally have not gone through a rigorous drug testing process as for therapeutic
phytochemicals. For this, a generic method was developed for the multi-targeted screening of biomarkers which aims at characterizing plant species in these supplements.
Chemical Diversity of Natural Resources and the Bioactivity of their Constituents
Authors: Wolfender Jean-Luc , Queiroz Emerson Ferreira
Published: June 2012

Natural products (NPs) have historically been an important source of lead molecules in drug discovery. However, the interest that the pharmaceutical industry has had in NPs has declined in part because of the lack of compatibility of traditional natural-product extract libraries with
high-throughput screenings and the low hit rate. Furthermore, in contrast to the synthetic libraries, compounds from natural sources are likely to have complex structures which slow down the identification process and contribute to problems related to supply and manufacturing. In this paper,
we summarise some of the strategies that are being developed in our research unit to address these issues. On one hand, differential screening strategies were established with the aim of identifying dynamically induced NPs from silent biosynthetic pathways in plants and fungi that had been
exposed to different stress situations. On the other hand, high-resolution HPLC techniques were optimised for biological and chemical profiling of crude extracts. This led to an integrated platform for rapid and efficient identification of new drug-leads and biomarkers of interest that were
based on miniaturised technological approaches and metabolomics.
New Insights in Pharmaceutical Analysis
Authors: Guillarme Davy , Schappler Julie , Boccard Julien , Veuthey Jean-Luc , Rudaz Serge
Published: June 2012

The research unit of pharmaceutical analytical chemistry (PAC) has been active in the field of separation sciences for many years. Liquid chromatography (LC) and its latest improvements such as ultra-high performance chromatography (UHPLC) and supercritical fluid chromatography (SFC)
are deeply and thoroughly studied, from a fundamental viewpoint to its various application capabilities. Electro-driven separations such as capillary electrophoresis (CE) are also a major field of interest, especially for macromolecules, and low cost. All these techniques are investigated
with various detection modes including mass spectrometry (MS) for various applications where high sensitivity and selectivity is needed. Extracting the relevant information from the overwhelming amount of data generated by modern analytical platforms has become an important issue for knowledge
discovery in various research fields. The appropriate treatment of such data is therefore of crucial importance to provide valuable information. Numerous works in our research group have demonstrated the usefulness of statistical and mathematical methodologies to improve quality of the results.
Therefore, well-established chemometric approaches (e.g. design of experiments, multivariate data analysis, etc.) are implemented to optimize the analytical process from method development to data analysis.
The Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry Research Unit
Authors: Hopfgartner Gérard , Varesio Emmanuel
Published: June 2012

The Life Sciences Mass Spectrometry (LSMS) research unit focuses on the development of novel analytical workflows based on innovative mass spectrometric and software tools for the analysis of low molecular weight compounds, peptides and proteins in complex biological matrices. The present
article summarizes some of the recent work of the unit: i) the application of matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) for mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) of drug of abuse in hair, ii) the use of high resolution mass spectrometry for simultaneous qualitative/quantitative analysis
in drug metabolism and metabolomics, and iii) the absolute quantitation of proteins by mass spectrometry using the selected reaction monitoring mode.
Book Reviews
Authors: Peselmann Arnika , Railton Nicholas M.
Published: June 2012

William Logan and Keir Reeves (eds), Places of Pain and Shame: Dealing with 'Difficult Heritage' (London: Routledge), 290 pp., Hb: £80.00,
ISBN: 978-0-415-45449-0; Pb: £25.99, ISBN: 978-0-415-45450-6.

Liam D. Murphy, Believing in Belfast: Charismatic Christianity after the Troubles (Durham, North Carolina: Carolina Academic Press), 352 pp., Pb: US$42.00, ISBN: 978-1-59460-728-8.
Potent Anti-HIV Activities and Mechanisms of Action of a Pine Cone Extract from Pinus yunnanensis
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Yang Liu-Meng , Liu Guang-Ming , Liu Ya-Juan , Zheng Chang-Bo , Lv Yong-Jun , Li Hao-Zhi , Zheng Yong-Tang
Published: June 2012

The anti-HIV activities of a pine cone extract (YNS-PY-F) from Pinus yunnanensis have been evaluated, and its mechanisms of action were also explored. The pine cone extract, YNS-PY-F, potently inhibited HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1RF, HIV-1A17, HIV-1AO18 and HIV-2ROD and induced cytopathic effect in C8166 cells with EC50 values of 0.96 μg/mL, 1.53 μg/mL, 0.88 μg/mL, 7.20 μg/mL and 6.17 μg/mL, respectively. The quantification of a p24 production assay showed that YNS-PY-F significantly inhibited the acute replication of HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1RF, HIV-1A17 and HIV-1AO18 in C8166 cells. An MTT assay showed that YNS-PY-F also significantly inhibited the HIV-1IIIB induced cytolysis in MT-4 cells with an EC50 value of 2.22 μg/mL. The mechanism assays showed that YNS-PY-F had potent inhibitory effects on the fusion between infected cells and uninfected cells, and the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, with EC50 values of 7.60 μg/mL and 4.60 μg/mL, respectively. Overall, these data suggest that the pine cone extract from Pinus yunnanensis has potent inhibitory activities against HIV-1IIIB, HIV-1RF, RT inhibitor-resistant strains HIV-1A17 and HIV-1AO18, and HIV-2ROD, and its anti-HIV mechanisms include inhibition of HIV entry and inhibition of reverse transcriptase activity.
Bromination and Diazo-Coupling of Pyridinethiones; Microwave Assisted Synthesis of Isothiazolopyridine, Pyridothiazine and Pyridothiazepines
Authors: Youssef Ayman M. S. , Azab Mohamed E. , Youssef Mohamed M.
Published: June 2012

Isothiazolopyridines, pyridothiazines and pyridothiazepines are important compounds that possess valuable biological activities. This paper reports on the synthesis of these compounds using both conventional chemical methods and modern microwave techniques. 3-Bromo-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide, 5-arylazo-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamides, 3,5-bis-arylazo-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-caboxamide, 4-methyl-2,3,6,7-tetra-hydroisothiazolo[5,4-b]-pyridine-3,6-dione, 2,2'-(methylene-bis-(sulfanediyl))bis(4-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide), 2-hydroxy-5-methyl-4H-pyrido[3,2-e][1,3]-thiazine-4,7(8H)-dione and 2-arylmethylene-8-hydroxy-6-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyrido-[3,2-f][1,4]thiazepine-3,5-diones have been prepared from 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-thioxo-2,3-dihydropyridine-3-carboxamide. Some of these compounds were prepared using microwave-assisted reaction conditions, that provided higher yields in shorter times than the conventional methods.
Eugenol—From the Remote Maluku Islands to the International Market Place: A Review of a Remarkable and Versatile Molecule
Authors: Kamatou Guy P. , Vermaak Ilze , Viljoen Alvaro M.
Published: June 2012

Eugenol is a major volatile constituent of clove essential oil obtained through hydrodistillation of mainly Eugenia caryophyllata (=Syzygium aromaticum) buds and leaves. It is a remarkably versatile molecule incorporated as a functional ingredient in numerous products and has found application in the pharmaceutical, agricultural, fragrance, flavour, cosmetic and various other industries. Its vast range of pharmacological activities has been well-researched and includes antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-oxidant and anticancer activities, amongst others. In addition, it is widely used in agricultural applications to protect foods from micro-organisms during storage, which might have an effect on human health, and as a pesticide and fumigant. As a functional ingredient, it is included in many dental preparations and it has also been shown to enhance skin permeation of various drugs. Eugenol is considered safe as a food additive but due to the wide range of different applications, extensive use and availability of clove oil, it is pertinent to discuss the general toxicity with special reference to contact dermatitis. This review summarises the pharmacological, agricultural and other applications of eugenol with specific emphasis on mechanism of action as well as toxicity data.
Religious and Spiritual Biomarkers in Both Health and Disease
Authors: Kharitonov Sergei A.
Published: June 2012

Religious thought and spirituality can be considered as a part of natural human capacities. There is an exponential rise in clinical research in the relationship between religion, spirituality and positive health outcomes. Most of these studies, however, have been primarily descriptive, rather than explanatory, focusing on identifying their underlying mechanisms. Almost no attempts have been made to find novel methods to mirror and monitor positive, and possibly negative, reactions related to the local and general effects of religion and spirituality in healthy subjects and patients. As this area of interest is rather new, we propose to put forward a new hypothesis that effects of religion and spirituality can be objectively studied by various exhaled biomarkers, some of which have already been developed and tested in health and disease. The lungs are particularly well suited for this purpose, as we have easy access to exhaled air and thereby a possibility to develop methods that measure compounds directly released from them. This work is the first step in the convergence of medical and theological research by linking various biomarkers and physiological measures with indicators of individual belief systems, religiosity and spirituality.
A Single Cycle Inverter Welding Power Control System
Authors: Huang Peng Fei , Lu Yang Yang , Bai Shao Jun , Lu Zhen Yang
Published: June 2012

Single cycle control technique is applied in the field of welding power which makes waveform control in the various stages of arc and circuit in the welding process respectively based on the characteristics of the welding process. A new welding power control has been put forward which is able to adjust the grid voltage disturbance in a very short time. We choose dual single-ended forward topology as the main circuit and make flux reset for the transformer in each cycle to ensure that the transformer magnetic saturation dose not occur, meanwhile, controlling the condition of arcing and short circuit respectively to achieve a better welding effect.
Mapping Timer Event from Business Process Model on Windows Workflow Foundation
Authors: Deng Jian , Chen Bo , Zeng Jia Zhi
Published: June 2012

A method to mapping timer event in business process model into Activity in Windows Workflow Foundation (WF) was proposed. This method can work with general business process because the model is designed in Business Process Modeling Notation (BPMN) 1.1 and it uses XML Process Definition Language (XPDL) 2.1 version as the file format. Experiment result showed that timer event could be directly mapped to flowchart model in Windows Workflow Foundation and the mapped flowchart model satisfied the functionality of timer event.
Attribute Reduction of Service Quality Based on Factor Analysis and Neighborhood Model
Authors: Chen Lin , Hu Xian
Published: June 2012

How to choose the attributes of service quality have become the foundation and the key for researches of service quality. In connection with the current situation and characteristics of the existing e-commerce service quality evaluation, we analyze the advantages and shortcomings of the widely used way, which is combining item-to-total correlation and factor analysis to reduce our service attribute scale. Then a method of neighborhood granulation and rough approximation for numerical attribute reduction is proposed. With the comparison of the two methods through specific examples of empirical research data, the validity and superiority of the application of neighborhood model for numerical attribute reduction are verified.
Enhancing Service Discovery via Multi-Ontology Management and Annotation
Authors: Han Guang Hui , Zeng Cheng
Published: June 2012

Ontology, which adds semantic information to services, is an effective tool to automatize service discovery and composition. Though service discovery systems have been developed extensively, most possible scenario would still be that all the services adhere to a single ontology. However, even in a same domain, different domain experts or users can conceptualize the same real world entities in different views which will lead to multiple domain ontologies. Therefore how to manage multi-ontology and then how to use them to annotate service are the key technologies in service discovery system. In this paper based on ISO SC32 19763-3: MFI-3 (Metamodel Framework for Interoperability: Metamodel for Ontology Registration) we discuss in detail the mechanism of multi-ontology management and annotation to enhance the service discovery. Finally a prototype of Ontology Management Platform (OMP) is realized to serves annotation.
An Expansion Method of Reliable Data Transmission of the Short-Message Communication on Satellite Network
Authors: Huang Jie , Li Gang
Published: June 2012

Short-message communication mechanism is one of the most frequently methods used on the field of satellite data transmission. Under the existing satellite network, we provide an expansion method of reliable data transmission of short message communication named EMRDT-SMC, which solves negative compression problem of transmission capacity expansion when the amount of short message is below normal, and also solves reliable data transmission problem while satellite microwave transmission causes short message loss. Based on the measurement over a small test-bed, it shows that the method EMRDT-SMC can obtain the better network performance.
Application of Filtration System in the Network Security
Authors: Bian Jin Liang
Published: June 2012

With the Internet spread and deepening of the application, the development of enterprises Internet and e-commerce business has become an inevitable trend. Network security has drawn more and more attention. Therefore, it is necessary to monitor network information real-timely by using an effective information filtering systems in the network security. So the paper discussed the system structure, the estimation methods and key technology of the Network Information Filtering System in the general and in detail.
Discussion on RFID and Food Cold Chain Logistics
Authors: Liu Ying Xin , Shi Wei
Published: June 2012

Along with the rapid development of national economy and the increasing of life level day by day, people have a new understanding on frozen and chilled foods. At the same time food safety problems have also been paid attention. RFID is a new type automatic identification technology with good function characteristic, which can satisfy efficiency requirements of commodity processing, and it has many advantages compared with the bar code and can strictly control food quality in cold-chain logistics to promote healthy development of cold chain logistics.
Wind Turbine Development Status and Advices in China
Authors: Liu Wen Yi , Wang Zhen Feng
Published: June 2012

Aimed at the analysis of wind turbine development status in 2010, this paper discussed the wind turbine capacity status and manufacturers in China. Through the detail analysis in the wind turbine development status, some problems have been discussed such as planning imbalance between country and local governments, coordinate between wind energy and other energy, performance of wind turbine, etc. Aimed at above problems in the wind turbine development, this paper gives some corresponding advices to resolve these problems.
Simulation Analysis of Static Recrystallization by Molecular Automaton
Authors: He Yi , Xu Yi Ping
Published: June 2012

In this paper, people mainly take three two-dimensional arrays State, Energy and Ori (Ori is the positive integer of 1 ≤Ori≤Orimax ) to perform the molecular states and build models. According to the simulation results of molecular automaton, people have a research on the change and distribution of the grain diameter and the number of side during the process of static recrystallization, and conclude as follows, the relationship between the disappearing rate of individual deformation grain and the growth rate of individual recrystallization grain is characterized by randomness during the whole recrystallization process; the more the deformation, the smaller the mean diameter of grain is, at the finished moment of recrystallization; the grain diameters are not homogeneous during the static recrystallization process and at the finished moment of static recrystallization.
Influence of Surface Modification on Si3N4 Powder Fluidity
Authors: Chen Jin , Wang Xiao Gang
Published: June 2012

The effect of organic modification on the surface of silicon nitride powders has been investigated. The Si3N4 powder modified by tartaric acid and PEI was characterized by using granulometer, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, SEM. The results show that modifier on Si3N4 powder surface is chemical adsorption coating. The addition of modifier dose not change phase, but modified particles have spherical tendency. Modifier coating occurred oxidative decomposition in 200-400°C. surface modification can improve the fluidity of powder and density of green bodies. As the amount of modifier increased, the angle of repose and compression degree firstly decreases and then increases. The angle of repose of artaric acid and PEI modified powder decrease 9 º and 12º, compression degree decline 15% and 20% respectively.
The Application Research of Biological Materials in Meniscus Injuries
Authors: Huo Peng Feng
Published: June 2012

The intervention means for rehabilitation of meniscus injury using artificial biomaterials were increasingly sophisticated, which provide brand new research directions for rehabilitation of meniscus injuries. However, it is difficult to select the desired implant due to existent a series of problems, including the biocompatibility, shape matching, adhesion, toughness, strength of artificial biological materials to human body in the process of specific practical application. Nowadays, main biological materials for meniscus injuries including hyaluronic acid, collagen, gelatin, poly hydroxyl acid, lactic acid, calcium Polyphosphate-accumulating, Polytetrafluoroethylene, carbon fiber reinforced polymer that is not absorbed, and so on. The stem cells were induced redirect directionally or gene modified by transforming growth factor beta 1. Make bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into cartilage cells by adjusting the number of cell growth and differentiation, and being inoculated for biomaterial scaffold, which provides new research directions for meniscus injury rehabilitation.
Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kaolin/Natural Rubber Nanocomposites Prepared by the Conventional Two-Roll Mill Method
Authors: Zhang Qian , Zhang Yu De , Wang Yan
Published: June 2012

Nanoomposites consisting of natural rubber (NR) reinforced with the modified kaolin were fabricated. The effect of modified kaolin loading on the mechanical properties of the vulcanizates was examined by varying its incorporation (20–50 phr). The NR-based nanocomposites were characterized using the transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Instron tensile machine and thermal analyser. These filled NR composites exhibit outstanding mechanical properties and much higher thermal stability compared to the pure NR. The hardness and tensile properties increased with increasing filler loading and an optimum of tensile strength was achieved at 50 phr of modified kaolin. The morphological studies by TEM revealed that kaolinite layers were finely dispersed into the natural rubber matrix and orientationally arranged in parallel
Study on Aggregation Behaviour of Mixture of Alkylbenzene Sulfonate Gemini Surfactant Ib and Nonionic Surfactant Triton X-100
Authors: Du Xi Gang , Zhang Chang Shui , Zhang Jun , Guo Xu Ming , Lu Wei Wei , Yang Zhen Yu
Published: June 2012

The interaction between the anionic Gemini surfactant Ib and the conventional nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 was investigated. The critical micelle concentrations (cmc) of different mixtures were measured by surface tension measurement at 298 K. The results showed that the cmc of different mixtures at any mole ratio was lower than that of either pure Ib or Triton X-100, indicating synergetic behavior. And the interaction parameter ß values for the mixed micelles were negative, showing attractive interaction between these surfactant molecules. Besides, the micelle aggregation number (N) was measured using a steady state fluorescence quenching method. The N values of the mixed surfactant system were larger than that of pure Ib but lower than pure Triton X-100 at any ratio.
Enhanced Adsorption Properties of Poly(2-Acrylamido-2-Methyl-1-Propansulfonic Acid)/Silica Composite Materials for Heavy Metal Ion Removal
Authors: Wang Jing Jing , Li Xian Ning
Published: June 2012

Poly(2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propansulfonic acid)(PAMPS)/silica composite hydrogels have been prepared by in situ free-radical polymerization. The composite hydrogels were used to remove heavy metal ions from aqueous solution under the non-competitive condition. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the hydrogels increased with the pH values and silica content in the formulation. Furthermore, the synergistic complexation of metal ions was found in the adsorption studies. Regeneration studies suggested that metal rebinding capacity of the hydrogels did not change significantly through repeated applications compared with the first run.
Synthesis of a Photochromic Diarylethene Material Bearing Fluorine Atoms for Rewritable Holographic Optical Storage
Authors: He Shang Hua , Liu Wei Jun , Liu Gang
Published: June 2012

Photochromism is referred to as a photoinduced reversible transformation reaction between two isomers, open and closed, with different absorption spectra upon irradiation with light of an appropriate wavelength. A new photochromic diarylethene, 1-[2-methyl-5-(3, 5-difluorophenyl)-3-thienyl]-2-(2-methyl-3-benzofuran)perfluorocyclopentene(1o), has ben synthesized. The compound showed good phtochromism both in solution and in solid states. Diarylethene 1o changed the color from colorless to magenta upon irradiation with 313 nm UV light, in which absorption maxima were observed at 523 nm in hexane and at 529 nm in PMMA film, respectively. Especially, the diarylethene exhibited a relatively strong fluorescence switches along with the phtochromism from open-ring isomers to closed-ring isomers in solid states. Using diarylethene 1c/PMMA film as recording medium, optical recording was performed successfully. This new photochromic system also exhibited remarkable optical storage character
Peparation and Magnetic Propriety of Carbon-Coated Iron Magnetic Nanoparticles by Starch Coating Method
Authors: Chen Jin , Zhang Hai Yan
Published: June 2012

We synthesized carbon-coated iron magnetic nanoparticles by a low cost method using Ferric nitrate as the iron precursor and starch as both reductive agent and carbon source under H2 atmosphere. The structure, size distribution, phase composition, magnetic properties and oxidation resistance of the particles were investigated by transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometry and differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the carbon-coated iron nanoparticles are spherical particles with a diameter of 20-40 nm. They are particles of core-shell structure with an iron core inside and an onion skin carbon layer outside, carbon layer can protect inner iron core from been oxidized, the hysteresis curves show that they are super paramagnetic materials. At the same time the annealing can change the magnetic properties of carbon coated iron nanoparticles.
Transport of a Thermophilic Geobacillus sp. in Sandpack Core as an Enhanced Oil Recovery Material
Authors: Kong Xiang Ping
Published: June 2012

The effects of temperature, permeability and the presence of a residual oil phase on the transport of the bacterium Geobacillus sp. were investigated experimentally in sandpack cores. A lower reduction in permeability and a higher effluent bacterial concentration were obtained in the higher permeability sandpacks, or at a higher temperature. The bacterial transport could be enhanced by the pulse injection, but reduced with the presence of residual oil. When the injected cell concentration is relatively high (>108 cells/mL), log-jam effect or pore bridging may be the primary mechanism, and the surface adhesion may act as the secondary mechanism of bacteria retention and permeability reduction.
Effects of Organic Solvent Treated on the Performance and Structure of Polysulfone Tubular Ultrafiltration Membrane
Authors: Liu En Hua , Xu He Ying , Zhao Xu Chen
Published: June 2012

The paper studied the effect of different kinds of organic solvents treated polysulfone tubular ultrafiltration membrane on its performances and structure. The results show that the surface of membrane treaded with n-hexane are smoother and less hydrophily, the content of carbon element increased at the same time. On the other hand, the water flux of membrane treated with alkane decrease, but the rejections to MgSO4 and egg protein increase. While the surface of membrane treated with ethanol are rougher and more hydrophily, the contents of carbon and oxygen increase too. The water flux of membrane treated with alcohols increase obviously, but the rejection to egg protein decrease slightly.
The Reaction Kinetics of Aluminum and Isopropanol
Authors: Wang Xiu Hui , Ni Huan Huan , Cao Ye , Li Gang , Gao Hong , Yang Jin Long
Published: June 2012

AlCl3was used as catalyst in the reaction. The reaction kinetics of aluminum and isopropanol was investigated in this paper. Metallograph showed that the surface of the aluminum bar had corrosive pitting. The reaction was zero order reaction when aluminum was overdosed. Reaction order was 0.75 when isopropanol was overdosed. Finally, catalytic mechanism of AlCl3was investigated and the reaction of corrosive pitting was the same as that in microbattery.
The Technology Analysis and Development Trend of Biological Materials Energy
Authors: Zhou Shan Dan , Hu Li Ming , Ouyang Xiao Dong
Published: June 2012

The 21st century is the period of the rapid growth and development of renewable energy, which refers to fuel and raw materials that replaces the oil and can be recycled and required by people’s living and production activities, and biomass energy resides in the first of renewable energy. This paper carries on a analysis and study mainly on the three basic technologies of biomass energy, analyzes the meaning and future development trend of biomass energy and proposes measures of the development.
Transport of Bacteria in Natural Core as Enhanced Oil Recovery Material
Authors: Kong Xiang Ping
Published: June 2012

The effects of the bacterial cell size and flow velocity on the transport of concentrated suspensions of bacteria were experimentally investigated, and the bacteria retention mechanism was studied by observing bacterial distribution in natural cores. A lower reduction in permeability and a higher effluent bacterial concentration were obtained in the core flooding with the smaller cell size bacteria or at a higher flow velocity. The bacteria were easier to migrate through the porous rock directionally compared to the rigid solid particles owing to their organic flexibility. Bacteria retention occurred primarily at the inlet section of the natural core, and log-jam effect or pore bridging may be the dominant mechanism.
Preparation and Performance of Si/Al/C Composites Anode Material Prepared by Glucose-Modified
Authors: Ma Xu , Kong Ling Long , Liu Yu Ling , Ding Yan Hong , Zhao Jie , Li Lei , Xu Ning
Published: June 2012

Si/Al/C composites were synthesized by the method of doping aluminum and glucose-modified. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, and the capacity and cycling stability of the composites were tested by electrochemical charge/discharge test system. After glucose was pyrolyzed, the first discharge and charge capacity of Si/Al/C composites were 1312 and 956.7mAh/g, and the first coulombic efficiency was 72.9%. After 50 cycles, the capacity of Si/Al/C composites was 440mAh /g and the coulombic efficiency remained over 98.1%
Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Li4Ti5O12 as Anode Material for Li-Ion Battery by Solid State Method
Authors: Gu Fang
Published: June 2012

Spinel compounds Li4Ti5O12 were synthesized via solid state reaction in an Air atmosphere and electrochemical properties were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, cyclic voltammetry, and charge–discharge tests. The results indicated that the compound was spinel structure, and the initial capacity could reach 162.28 mAh•g-1 and the cycling performance was good, implying the spinel structure of Li4Ti5O12 was more stable when the material was tested by charging-discharging. The Li+ could reversibly intercalate and deintercalate in the anode material. The material prepared by solid-state method showed a promising commercial application in lithium-ion batteries.
Application of Carbonaceous Materials to Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solution by Adsorption
Authors: Dong Wei Fang , Zang Li Hua , Gong Qing Chao , Chen Cun Cun , Zheng Cai Hong , Meng Xiang Sen , Liu Tuan Tuan
Published: June 2012

Low cost carbonaceous materials were evaluated for their ability to remove phenol from wastewater. The effects of adsorbents dosage, contact time and maximum adsorption capacity were investigated for granular activated carbon, powdered activated carbon, petroleum coke and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT). Equilibrium studies were conducted in 50mg/L initial phenol concentration, solution pH of 5 and at temperature of 23°C. The results showed the adsorption process was fast and it reached equilibrium in 3 h. Petroleum coke and MWNT had poor adsorption which could reach the removal efficiency of phenol with 43.18% and 36.64% respectively. The granular activated carbon possessed good adsorption ability to phenol with 96.40% at the optimum dosage 5g and optimum time 90min.The powdered activated carbon was an effective adsorbent with a maximum adsorption capacity of 42.32 mg/g.
Research on Propagation Characteristics of Stress Waves in Laser Shock Processing for DD6 Single Crystal Alloy Materials
Authors: Fang Ying Wu , Li Ying Hong , Wang Hui
Published: June 2012

The finite element ANSYS/LS-DYNA was applied to simulate the propagation characteristics of stress waves in laser shock processing (LSP) for DD6 single crystal alloy materials. The constitutive model of dynamic response and computational modeling of LSP was built in this paper. Results of numerical simulation indicates that the change of stress waves was mainly appeared to the first wave, and the time with fluctuation was expanded slowly with the spread depth of stress wave was increased. The results can be used as theoretical basis for optimizing the process parameters in laser shock processing.
Py-GC-MS Analysis on Biomass Energy Components from Wood Extractives of Eucalyptus urophydis under High Temperature
Authors: Wang Lan Sheng , Peng Wan Xi
Published: June 2012

In order to widely use Eucalyptus urophydis wood, its ether/acetone extractives were identified by Py-GC/MS. The main and abundant constituents of 750°С pyrolysis products were 1,3-butadiene, 2-methyl-(5.9%), benzofuran, 2,3-dihydro-(4.11%), 1,3-butadiene(3.69%), stigmastan-3,5-diene (3.66%),.gamma.-sitosterol(2.13%), 2-butene, 2,3-dimethyl-(2.03%), toluene (1.92%), 1,4- cyclohexadiene,1-methyl-(1.76%), 1h-indene, 5-butyl-6-hexyloctahydro-(1.73%), 1,3-cyclohexadiene(1.66%), phenol(1.58%), 1-hexene(1.54%), sulfide, bis(2-cyano-3,4- dihydro- 2,3,3-trimethyl-2h-pyrrol-5-yl)- (1.46%), benzene(1.38%), phenol, 4-methyl-(1.35%), cholest-8(14)- ene-3,15-dione(1.23%), acetic acid(1.21%), benzene, 1,2,4-trimethyl-(1.2%), stigmast-4-en-3-one (1.12%), 1-decene(1.1%), 1-heptene(1.08%),etc. So the ether/acetone extractives of Eucalyptus urophydis biomass were used as biomass energy.