bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mental Models: Structural Differences and the Role of Experience
Authors: Furlough Caleb S. , Gillan Douglas J.
Published: May 2018

Mental models are mental representations of the external world that humans constantly use when they interact with the environment and systems within it. These mental models are in part constituted by an underlying structure of associated concepts that are modified as a person gains experience with a system or domain. Video games provide a context that encourages the development of sophisticated mental models. The current research sought to understand how mental model structures differ between video game players of varying experience levels. Participants were recruited both over internet forums and through Mechanical Turk. Mental model structures were measured using relatedness ratings between pairs of concepts that were derived from players with high levels of experience playing League of Legends. Relatedness ratings were transformed into Pathfinder networks that were used to analyze mental model structures. Results revealed structural differences in mental models between experience levels. A three-stage model of mental model structure development is proposed to explain the results, which suggest that some structural characteristics appear earlier in mental model development than others. The role of mental model structural characteristics is discussed in light of both the design of training programs and video games.
Educating intensive care unit nurses to use central venous catheter infection prevention guidelines: effectiveness of an educational course
Authors: Aloush Sami
Published: May 2018

Background

Nurses' knowledge of central venous catheter-related infection (CVC-RI) prevention guidelines is poor, indicating that nurses do not receive proper education about these guidelines.

Aim

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an educational course that aimed to improve nurses' knowledge about CVC-RI prevention guidelines.

Method

A sample of 131 nurses were randomly assigned to the experimental group (received an educational course) or control group (received no education). Pre-Post data were collected using a structured questionnaire that included a 23-item knowledge assessment.

Results

In the pre-test, all participants demonstrated poor knowledge, with mean scores of 8.2 (standard deviation = 3.6). After completion of the course, knowledge was significantly improved in the experimental group, whereas the control group showed no change ( t(106,3) = 25.1, p = 0.00).

Conclusions

An educational course on CVC-RI prevention guidelines had an encouraging effect. Decision makers are recommended to implement such courses in their settings to improve nurses' competency.
Complications, reoperations and revisions after proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Forster Nicole , Schindele Stephan , Audigé Laurent , Marks Miriam
Published: May 2018

This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the prevalence of complications, reoperations (surgeries without implant modifications) and revisions (surgeries with implant modifications) after proximal interphalangeal joint arthroplasty with pyrocarbon, metal-polyethylene and silicone implants. Thirty-four articles investigating 1868 proximal interphalangeal joints were included. Implant-related complications were associated with 14%, 10% and 11% of the pyrocarbon, metal-polyethylene and silicone implants, respectively, yet these rates were not significantly different from one another. Silicone implants showed more finger deviations (3%) and instabilities (2%) compared with the other implants. Reoperations were fewer for silicone arthroplasties (1%) compared with pyrocarbon (7%) and metal-polyethylene implants (10%). The revision rates of 4%, 3% and 2% were similar for pyrocarbon, metal-polyethylene and silicone implants. Our results indicate that silicone implants remain a valuable option for the treatment of stable proximal interphalangeal joints. Surface replacing implants might be better to correct unstable or deviated proximal interphalangeal joints, although they are associated with a higher risk of reoperations.
Factors associated with glycemic status and ability to adapt to changing demands in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Salazar-González Bertha Cecilia , Gallegos-Cabriales Esther C , Rivera-Castillo Alicia , González-Cantú Arnulfo , Gómez-Meza Marco Vinicio , Villarreal-Pérez Jesús Zacarías
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

Type 2 diabetes mellitus studies focus on metabolic indicators and different self-reported lifestyle or care behaviors. Self-reported instruments involve conscious process therefore responses might not reflect reality. Meanwhile implicit responses involve automatic, unconscious processes underlying social judgments and behavior. No studies have explored the combined influence of both metabolic indicators and implicit responses on lifestyle practices in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. The purpose was to investigate the explained variance of socio-demographic, metabolic, anthropometric, clinical, psychosocial, cognitive, and lifestyle variables on glycemic status and on the ability to adapt to changing demands in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus in Monterrey, Mexico.

Methods:

Adults with (n = 30, mean age 46.90 years old, 33.33% male) and without (n = 32, mean age: 41.69 years old, 21.87% male) type 2 diabetes mellitus were studied. Glycemic status was assessed using Bio-Rad D-10 Hemoglobin A1c Program, which uses ion-exchange high-performance chromatography. Stroop 2 test was used to assess the ability to changing demands.

Results:

In participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus, less years of education, negative self-actualization, and higher levels of cholesterol and triglycerides explained more than 50% of the variance in glycemic status. In participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the variance (38.7%) was explained by total cholesterol, metabolic syndrome, high-density lipoprotein, and self-actualization scores; the latter in opposite direction. The ability to adapt to changing demands was explained by total cholesterol, malondialdehyde, insulin resistance, and triglycerides. In participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus, the contributing variables were metabolic syndrome and nutrition scores.

Conclusion:

Results showed significant effect on at least one of the following variables (socio-demographic, metabolic, or lifestyle subscale) on glycemic status in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus. The ability to adapt to changing demands was explained by metabolic variables but only in participants without type 2 diabetes mellitus. Preference for unhealthy behaviors (implicit or automatic responses) outweighs healthy lifestyle practices in people with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Long-term results of intravitreal bevacizumab and dexamethasone for the treatment of punctate inner choroidopathy associated with choroidal neovascularization: A case series
Authors: Tsaousis Konstantinos T , Nassr Mohamed , Kapoor Bharat , Konidaris Vasileios E , Tyradellis Straton , Empeslidis Theo
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

To present a case series of three female patients with punctate inner choroidopathy. We report the outcomes after an essentially long follow-up period of up to 14 years and provide evidence of the effectiveness of intravitreal injections of bevacizumab and dexamethasone 0.7 mg in punctate inner choroidopathy patients with choroidal neovascular membrane formation.

Case series presentation:

This is a retrospective case series of three female patients with punctate inner choroidopathy who were treated with intravitreal injections anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agent (bevacizumab, 1.25 mg/0.05 mL). Two patients also received intravitreal dexamethasone 0.7 mg. Once a choroidal neovascular membrane developed, the outcome was poor with a best-corrected visual acuity of 6/60 or counting fingers in the affected eyes. The patients were followed up for 5, 14 and 8 years.

Conclusion:

The use of dexamethasone 0.7 mg in punctate inner choroidopathy yielded encouraging results and long periods of stability. When choroidal neovascular membrane complicates the primary disease, the prognosis is unfavourable, especially if the macula integrity has already been considerably affected. On the contrary, aggressive early therapy and continued monthly monitoring can prevent severe fibrosis, as showed in previous reports. Further larger-scale studies are needed to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreal dexamethasone 0.7 mg and bevacizumab as an alternative treatment in non-infectious uveitis.
Prevalence of common polymorphisms of AT-rich interaction domain 1A and endothelial nitric oxide synthase in patients with endometriosis compared to control group
Authors: Tavana Zohreh , Khalili Azadeh , Namazi Golnaz , Ebrahimi Ahmad , Davoodi Sara , Alborzi Saeed , Roozmeh Shohreh
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

Endometriosis is a common gynecologic disorder defined as ectopic presence of endometrial tissue in extrauterine sites. Endometriosis is associated with infertility and risk of malignancy. Identification of genetic factors responsible for development and malignant transformation of endometriosis can improve therapeutic approaches. In this study, we investigated the association of AT-rich interaction domain 1A ( ARID1A) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( eNOS) polymorphisms with endometriosis and staging of the disease.

Methods:

A total of 100 women with laparoscopy-confirmed diagnosis of endometriosis were included and compared with 100 women without endometriosis as the control group. Genotypes of patients regarding Gln920Ter polymorphism of ARID1A gene and Glu298Asp polymorphism of eNOS gene were determined by polymerase chain reaction techniques on blood samples from the study population. The prevalence of each genotype in endometriosis patients was compared with healthy controls using the chi-square test.

Results:

Significantly higher prevalence of non-CC genotype for ARID1A Gln920Ter polymorphism and non-GG genotype for G894T polymorphism of the eNOS gene was detected in the endometriosis group. There was no significant relationship between these polymorphisms and staging of endometriosis.

Discussion:

Significant variation of prevalence of Gln920Ter polymorphism of the ARID1A gene and Glu298Asp polymorphism of the eNOS gene among the two groups can indicate a causative effect of these genetic alterations on the development of endometriosis.
Poor sensitivity of transvaginal ultrasound markers in diagnosis of superficial endometriosis of the uterosacral ligaments
Authors: Robinson Alice J , Rombauts Luk , Ades Alex , Leong Kenneth , Paul Eldho , Piessens Sofie
Published: May 2018

Introduction:

This study aims to evaluate the use of transvaginal ultrasound in predicting superficial endometriosis near the uterosacral ligaments, in women with symptoms of endometriosis.

Methods:

This was a prospective observational pilot study in which women with symptoms of endometriosis underwent detailed pre-operative transvaginal ultrasound to assess the uterosacral ligament area for thickening (‘white line sign’), tenderness and small hypoechoic nodules. Women with deep infiltrating endometriosis were excluded. The test characteristics of transvaginal ultrasound were reported using histologically or visually proven endometriosis near the ipsilateral uterosacral ligament as a reference standard.

Results:

In 81 patients who underwent pre-operative transvaginal ultrasound and laparoscopy, no marker had appropriate test characteristics for a diagnostic or screening test for endometriosis near the ipsilateral uterosacral ligament when used alone. The presence of a small hypoechoic nodule on the white line had the highest specificity of the three markers, at 82% (95% confidence interval 66%–92%). Quantitative measurement of the white line also achieved a high specificity of ≥96% using a cut-off of 5.8 and 6.1 mm, on the left and right sides, respectively.

Conclusion:

Transvaginal ultrasound of the uterosacral ligament area using the three proposed markers is not a clinically useful screening test for superficial endometriosis near the uterosacral ligaments. A grossly thickened white line (≥5.8 mm) and/or the presence of small hypoechoic nodules are highly specific findings for superficial endometriosis near the uterosacral ligaments and may prompt surgical management.
Estimating the Long-Run Determinant of the Efficiency of the Stock Market in India
Authors: Singh Amit Kumar , Nainwal Neha
Published: May 2018

One of the prominent views is that development in a stock market has a positive impact on economic growth. The role of the stock market becomes important as it leads to capital formation in an economy which is used for producing goods and services in it, leading to growth in the real sector. However, it is only possible if the stock market is efficient enough to mobilise saving from a deficit spender unit to a surplus spender unit. Therefore, our study proposes to estimate the determinant of stock efficiency with the help of a fully modified ordinary least-squares model. The result of the analysis indicates that although both the risk-free interest rate and market capitalisation have a positive and significant impact on stock return, the impact of market capitalisation is larger. In terms of dynamic analysis, the error correction model shows that the speed of adjustment is around 50 per cent or time taken for re-establishing the long-run equilibrium is about two years. As market capitalisation is one of the important determinants of the efficiency of a stock market, the government should bring new reforms in the capital and money markets so that new financial innovations can be introduced in the market. Simultaneously, the regulation should be made to provide higher protection to the investor which further helps them to increase their confidence in the market.
Watch and Learn? Using EDpuzzle to Enhance the Use of Online Videos
Authors: Mischel Leann J.
Published: May 2018

As the use of videos for learning increases, the need to better use the viewing experience also increases. EDpuzzle is a video-sharing program that offers instructors a way to enhance the use of online videos for learning. It allows instructors to ensure that students have viewed the lesson in its entirety and determine whether they understood its content. The author has used EDpuzzle in undergraduate general business and entrepreneurship classes for homework assignments and has received positive feedback from students about it. Discussions with students have indicated that the use of EDpuzzle helped them focus more on the important aspects of the videos and that they were more confident of their learning after taking embedded quizzes. The qualities EDpuzzle offers are discussed here with particular emphasis on understanding how the application can be used to enhance the use of online videos along with its advantages and disadvantages.
Diagnostic use of contrast medium and the kidney: A challenge or a ghost?
Authors: Foramitti Marina , Perrucci Bruno , Panni Stefano , Malberti Fabio
Published: May 2018

The global growing number of contrast-enhanced procedures highlights the risk of contrast media–induced renal damage. This review is an effort to define contrast-induced nephropathy and its pathogenesis, weigh its principal risk factors, give some clarifications about kidney function evaluation tools, acquire some clinical relevance prognostic concerns, and bring into focus preventive measures, with special regard to cancer patients. Our final purpose is focused on the request of diagnostic safety in high-risk patients, which may be achieved without unfair differences in this subgroup, too. A second reading of the scientific evidence may offer a chance to tear down the kidney damage ghost, replacing it with the consciousness of a still existing challenge that engages more than one specialty.
Priming Mathematics Word Problem Structures in a Rural Elementary Classroom
Authors: Griffin Cynthia C. , Gagnon Joseph C. , Jossi Maggie H. , Ulrich Tracy G. , Myers Jonté A.
Published: May 2018

This study examined mathematics strategy instruction that primes the common underlying structures of word problems using explicit instruction in a rural elementary classroom with fourth- and fifth-grade students with and without disabilities ( n = 27). Although intervention students did not outperform control condition students on a word problem solving (WPS) measure ( p = .054), a statistically significant interaction effect was found ( p = .003). Follow-up analyses revealed that the WPS pretest–posttest gain was significant for the intervention group only. Students with disabilities in both conditions did not improve performance. Implications for practice and research in rural school classrooms are presented.
Significance of compositional zoning in cumulate chromites of the Kabanga chonoliths, Tanzania
Authors: Evans David M.
Published: May 2018

Compositional zoning is observed rarely in chrome-spinel grains from slowly-cooled layered intrusions because diffusion of cations continues within the spinel to low temperatures. However, in certain circumstances, such gradational zoning of both divalent and trivalent cations is observed and may be useful in deciphering the thermal history of the host intrusions. The accessory chrome-spinels of the Kabanga mafic-ultramafic chonolith intrusions of the Kibaran igneous event in north western Tanzania are notable because they have preserved gradational compositional zoning. This zoning is demonstrated to predate and be independent of later hydrous alteration of the silicate assemblage. At Kabanga, most chrome-spinel grains within olivine-rich cumulate rocks are gradationally and cryptically zoned from Fe2+-Cr3+ rich cores to more Mg2+-Al3+ rich rims (normal zoning). A few grains are zoned from Mg2+-Al3+ rich cores to more Fe2+-Cr3+ rich rims (reverse zoned). The zoning of divalent cations is proportional to that of trivalent cations with Mg2+ following Al3+ and Fe2+ following Cr3+ from core to rim. The zoning of trivalent and tetravalent cations is interpreted to be caused by either new growth from an evolving melt or peritectic reactions between evolved or contaminated melt and adjacent Al-Cr-bearing ferromagnesian minerals, which is preserved by relatively rapid initial cooling in the small chonolith intrusions. Divalent cation zoning is controlled by sub-solidus exchange of Fe2+ and Mg with adjacent ferromagnesian minerals and continues to lower temperatures, indicated to be 580 to 630°C by the spinel-olivine geothermometer. Preservation of such zoning is more likely in the smaller chonolith intrusions that typically host magmatic nickel-copper sulfide deposits and can be used as an exploration indicator when interpreting chromite compositions in regional heavy indicator mineral surveys.
Phase Ib Trial With Birabresib, a Small-Molecule Inhibitor of Bromodomain and Extraterminal Proteins, in Patients With Selected Advanced Solid Tumors
Authors: Lewin Jeremy , Soria Jean-Charles , Stathis Anastasios , Delord Jean-Pierre , Peters Solange , Awada Ahmad , Aftimos Philippe G. , Bekradda Mohamed , Rezai Keyvan , Zeng Zhen , Hussain Azher , Perez Susan , Siu Lillian L. , Massard Christophe
Published: May 2018

Purpose

Birabresib (MK-8628/OTX015) is a first-in-class bromodomain inhibitor with activity in select hematologic tumors. Safety, efficacy, and pharmacokinetics of birabresib were evaluated in patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer, nuclear protein in testis midline carcinoma (NMC), and non–small-cell lung cancer in this phase Ib study.

Patients and Methods

Forty-seven patients were enrolled to receive birabresib once daily at starting doses of 80 mg continuously (cohort A) or 100 mg for 7 consecutive days (cohort B) in 21-day cycles using a parallel dose escalation 3 + 3 design. The primary objective was occurrence of dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs) and determination of the recommended phase II dose.

Results

Of 46 treated patients, 26 had castrate-resistant prostate cancer, 10 NMC, and 10 non–small-cell lung cancer. For cohort A, four of 19 (21%) evaluable patients had DLTs at 80 mg once daily (grade 3 thrombocytopenia [n = 3], ALT/hyperbilirubinemia [n = 1]) and two of three had DLTs at 100 mg once daily (grade 2 anorexia and nausea with treatment delay > 7 days [n = 1], grade 4 thrombocytopenia [n = 1]). No DLTs occurred in cohort B. Of 46 patients, 38 (83%) had treatment-related adverse events (diarrhea, 17 [37%]; nausea, 17 [37%]; anorexia, 14 [30%]; vomiting, 12 [26%]; thrombocytopenia 10 [22%]). Three patients with NMC (80 mg once daily) had a partial response (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors [RECIST] version 1.1) with duration of 1.4 to 8.4 months. Pharmacokinetic analysis indicated a dose-proportional increase in birabresib exposure and rapid absorption.

Conclusion

The recommended phase II dose of birabresib in patients with select solid tumors is 80 mg once daily with continuous dosing. Birabresib has dose-proportional exposure and a favorable safety profile, with clinical activity observed in NMC. Future studies of birabresib must consider intermittent scheduling to possibly mitigate the toxicities of chronic dosing.
The Intestinotrophic Effects of Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 in Relation to Intestinal Neoplasia
Authors: Orhan Adile , Gögenur Ismail , Kissow Hannelouise
Published: May 2018

Context

Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a gastrointestinal hormone with intestinotrophic and antiapoptotic effects. The hormone’s therapeutic potential in intestinal diseases and relation to intestinal neoplasia has raised great interest among researchers. This article reviews and discusses published experimental and clinical studies concerning the growth-stimulating and antiapoptotic effects of GLP-2 in relation to intestinal neoplasia.

Evidence Acquisition

The data used in this narrative review were collected through literature research in PubMed using English keywords. All studies to date examining GLP-2’s relation to intestinal neoplasms have been reviewed in this article, as the studies on the matter are sparse.

Evidence Synthesis

GLP-2 has been found to stimulate intestinal growth through secondary mediators and through the involvement of Akt phosphorylation. Studies on rodents have shown that exogenously administered GLP-2 increases the growth and incidence of adenomas in the colon, suggesting that GLP-2 may play an important role in the progression of intestinal tumors. Clinical studies have found that exogenous GLP-2 treatment is well tolerated for up to 30 months, but the tolerability for even longer periods of treatment has not been examined.

Conclusion

Exogenous GLP-2 is currently available as teduglutide for the treatment of short bowel syndrome. However, the association between exogenous GLP-2 treatment and intestinal neoplasia in humans has not been fully identified. This leads to a cause for concern regarding the later risk of the development or progression of intestinal tumors with long-term GLP-2 treatment. Therefore, further research regarding GLP-2’s potential relation to intestinal cancers is needed.
The semiotics of models
Authors: Nöth Winfried
Published: May 2018

The paper sheds light on the concept of model in ordinary language and in scientific discourse from the perspective of C. S. Peirce’s semiotics. It proposes a general Peircean framework for the definition of models of all kinds, including mental models. A survey of definitions of scientific models that have been influential in the philosophy of science and of the typologies proposed in this context is given. The author criticizes the heterogeneity of the criteria applied in these typologies and the lack of a semiotic foundation in typological distinctions between formal, symbolic, theoretical, metaphorical, and iconic models, among others. The paper argues that the application of Peirce’s subdivision of signs into the trichotomies of the sign itself, its object, and its interpretant can offer a deeper understanding of the nature of models. Semiotic topics in the focus of the paper are (1) the distinction between models as signs and (mental) models as the interpretants of signs; (2) models considered as a type (or legisign) and models considered as tokens (or replicas) of a type; (3) the iconicity of models, including diagrammatic and metaphorical icons; (4) the contribution of indices and symbols to the informativity of models; and (5) the rhetorical qualities of models in scientific discourse. The paper argues in conclusion that informative models are hybrid signs in which a diagram incorporates indices and symbols in a rhetorically efficient way.
Surviving finitude: Survival as a constructed foundation of identity
Authors: Puumeister Ott
Published: May 2018

The article deals with the biopolitical underpinnings of the Estonian national identity construction which is analysed by concentrating on public media coverage of (1) the Estonian Population and Housing Census 2011; and (2) the passing of the Registered Partnership Act in 2014. The object of analysis is the discourse – or the manner of speaking – that becomes apparent in the discussion of these cases. It is called the discourse of survival, since the main aim of national identity construction is to ensure the perseverance and preservation of this identity. This enables us to insert political identity construction into a biopolitical framework in which the political subject is understood as a fundamentally finite living being. In conceptualizing biopolitical finitude and the accompanying need of survival as the logic of identity construction, the article suggests the semiotic logic of this type of identity process as auto-communicative solidification of identity that has a presentist temporal structure.
Umwelt, Lebenswelt and Dasein seen through the lens of a subjective experience of reality
Authors: Wąsik Zdzisław
Published: May 2018

Depar ting from estimations of existential universes of animals (umwelt) and humans (Lebenswelt and Dasein), this paper observes a number of views on the subjective experience, or modelling systems of reality, developed in the philosophy of nature and culture. The first part examines how the semantic relationships of nonhuman and human organisms with their environments are outlined in phenomenology as a study of individual experience from a subject-oriented perspective. Respectively, animals are admitted to have meaningful relations with actual things in observable reality through an outward extension of their bodies, but they are stated to lack direct access to things in themselves and to their various forms of being, because they cannot transcend the imprisonment in their surroundings. In the second part, exposing the mundane background of semiotic phenomenology, the existence modes of animal and human subjects are considered in terms of being-in-the-world as immanence and being-for-the-world as transcendence. Immanent subjects are seen as existing in their environments and transcendent subjects as being able to go beyond their Lebenswelten. In keeping with positively marked or unmarked interpretations of existence and life in the subjective universes of humans and animals, made by other philosophers and psychologists, the author arrives at a conclusion that the extension of the study of reality and the world might enrich the framework of existential semiotics if the organisms’ relations to the world they dwell in were considered from the viewpoint of their becoming in the world and the becoming of the world as a result of their interactions.
A report on the symposium “Juri Lotman and sociosemiotics” (Elva, Estonia, 19–20 May 2017)
Authors: Gramigna Remo
Published: May 2018

A report on the symposium “Juri Lotman and sociosemiotics” (Elva, Estonia, 19–20 May 2017).
Geo-Ecological Transformations of Atmospheric Air in Technogenic Environment of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic
Authors: Дега Н. , Dega N. , Онищенко В. , Onishchenko V. , Байчорова Э. , Baychorova E.
Published: May 2018

In the structure of Karachay-Cherkess Republic’s production emissions prevail solid matters, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons, white damps. These categories of pollutants are the most significant in negative impact both on environment and on human health. The carried-out assessment of atmospheric air’s impurity degree on complex indexes revealed excess of concentrations as follows: ammonia and formaldehyde in Ust-Dzhegutinsky district by a factor of 1.1 and 1.3 MAC respectively; ammonia in Prikubansky district by a factor of 1.2 MAC; formaldehyde in Malokarachayevsky district by a factor of 1.1 MAC. The complex index of atmosphere pollution in the republic territory has reached maximal values in Ust-Dzhegutinsky district where increased level of air environment pollution is created. In other republic districts this index has lower values which are not causing essential violations in the air environment’s common chemical background. Information transfer visualization with application of Geoinformational technologies has allowed pass from traditional use of cards only as information accumulation means to application of geographic information systems as tools for complex analysis, reconstruction and forecasting of development for separate phenomena, territories, geo-systems.
Ecology and environmental protection: laws and realities in the USA, Russia and the European Union
Authors: Брославский Лазарь , Broslavskiy Lazar
Published: May 2018

The monograph is devoted to the comparative analysis of the current environmental legislation and the practice of its application in Russia, the USA and the European Union. The paper proposes a number of theoretical provisions and proposals for improving the legal protection of the environment in Russia.
The book is intended for researchers, University professors, students, graduate students; politicians; employees of Federal, regional and municipal authorities and management, regulatory and law enforcement agencies, advocacy; specialists in industry, transport, construction, public services and other sectors of the economy; businessmen seeking to find new areas of business; as well as a wide range of readers interested in this problem and wishing to take an active part in the public environmental movement.
Orthorexia nervosa – a separate clinical entity, a part of eating disorder spectrum or another manifestation of obsessive-compulsive disorder?
Authors: Łucka Izabela , Janikowska-Hołoweńko Dorota , Domarecki Patryk , Plenikowska-Ślusarz Teresa , Domarecka Małgorzata
Published: May 2018

Cel pracy

Celem pracy było zbadanie rozpowszechnienia ortoreksji w populacji losowo wybranej, uczącej się młodzieży i młodych dorosłych oraz próba znalezienia odpowiedzi: czy ortoreksja jest oddzielną jednostką chorobową, rodzajem zaburzeń odżywiania czy raczej wariantem zaburzeń obsesyjno-kompulsywnych.

Metoda

Materiał i Metoda: Grupę badaną stanowiły 864 osoby, w tym 599 kobiet i 265 mężczyzn. Średnia wieku kobiet wynosiła 20,21 +/- 3,27 lat zaś mężczyzn to 18,93 +/- 3,67 lat. W badaniu zastosowano autorski kwestionariusz zbierający podstawowe informacje o osobach badanych oraz kwestionariusze diagnostyczne: ORTO-15 opracowany przez Doniniego i wsp., (walidacja w Polsce – Janas-Kozik i wsp.), EAT-26 autorstwa Garnera i Garfinkela, MOCI (Maudsley Obsessive Compulsive Inventory) przygotowany przez Hodgsona i Rachmana. Wyniki opracowano za pomocą metod statystycznych.

Wyniki

Wyniki: Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania ryzyko występowania ortoreksji stwierdzono u 27% badanych (za punkt odcięcia przyjęto wynik 35). Osoby te uzyskały istotnie wyższe wyniki w teście zaburzeń odżywiania EAT. Nie stwierdzono istotnych statystycznie różnic w wynikach testu MOCI. Najwyższy wskaźnik ryzyka ortoreksji zaobserwowano w grupie gimnazjalistów, najniższe nasilenie zachowań ortorektycznych wśród licealistów. Osoby, u których można podejrzewać ortoreksję mają istotnie wyższy wskaźnik BMI. Szczegółowa analiza czynników środowiskowych zostanie przedstawiona w kolejnym doniesieniu.

Wnioski

Wnioski. Na podstawie przeprowadzonego badania uważamy, że ortoreksja nie stanowi odrębnej jednostki chorobowej. Wpisuje się ona w spektrum zaburzeń odżywiania. Nie potwierdziliśmy związku pomiędzy zaburzeniami obsesyjno kompulsywnymi a ortoreksją.
Strategic Commitment to a Production Schedule with Uncertain Supply and Demand: Renewable Energy in Day-Ahead Electricity Markets
Authors: Sunar Nur , Birge John R.
Published: May 2018

We consider a day-ahead electricity market that consists of multiple competing renewable firms (e.g., wind generators) and conventional firms (e.g., coal-fired power plants) in a discrete-time setting. The market is run in every period, and all firms submit their price-contingent production schedules in every day-ahead market. Following the clearance of a day-ahead market, in the next period, each (renewable) firm chooses its production quantity (after observing its available supply). If a firm produces less than its cleared day-ahead commitment, the firm pays an undersupply penalty in proportion to its underproduction. We explicitly characterize firms’ equilibrium strategies by introducing and analyzing a supply function competition model. The purpose of an undersupply penalty is to improve reliability by motivating each firm to commit to quantities it can produce in the following day. We prove that in equilibrium, imposing or increasing a market-based undersupply penalty rate in a period can result in a strictly larger renewable energy commitment at all prices in the associated day-ahead market, and can lead to lower equilibrium reliability in all periods with probability 1. We also show in an extension that firms with diversified technologies result in lower equilibrium reliability than single-technology firms in all periods with probability 1.

The electronic companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2961 .

This paper was accepted by Serguei Netessine, operations management.
Multidimensional Bargaining and Inventory Risk in Supply Chains: An Experimental Study
Authors: Davis Andrew M. , Hyndman Kyle
Published: May 2018

We study the impact of multidimensional bargaining and the location of inventory risk on the performance of a two-stage supply chain. We conduct a controlled human subjects experiment where a retailer and supplier either interact through ultimatum offers or dynamically bargain over contract terms, including a wholesale price and, potentially, an order quantity. We also manipulate whether the risk associated with unsold inventory lies with the retailer or the supplier or is endogenously determined in the bargaining process. One key insight is that supply chain efficiency is significantly higher when the order quantity is included in the negotiation and that, contrary to the normative theory, this leads to a Pareto improvement whereby both the supplier and retailer earn higher profits. A second important result, also counter to the normative theory, is that the party incurring the cost of unsold inventory always earns a lower profit than its counterpart, regardless of the bargaining environment or inventory risk location. To explain these data, we posit that retailers and suppliers are affected by an anchoring bias and demonstrate that it can explain many of our results.

Data and the online appendix are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2017.2985 .

This paper was accepted by Gad Allon, operations management.
Forecasting New Product Life Cycle Curves: Practical Approach and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Hu Kejia , Acimovic Jason , Erize Francisco , Thomas Douglas J. , Van Mieghem Jan A.
Published: May 2018

We present an approach to forecast customer orders of ready-to-launch new products that are similar to past products. The approach fits product life cycle (PLC) curves to historical customer order data, clusters the curves of similar products, and uses the representative curve of the new product’s cluster to generate its forecast.

We propose three families of curves to fit the PLC: bass diffusion curves, polynomial curves, and simple piecewise-linear curves (triangles and trapezoids). Using a large data set of customer orders for 4,037,826 units of 170 Dell computer products sold over three and a half years, we compare goodness of fit and complexity for these families of curves. Fourth-order polynomial curves provide the best in-sample fit with piecewise-linear curves a close second. Using a trapezoidal fit, we find that the PLCs in our data have very short maturity stages; more than 20% have no maturity stage and are best fit by a triangle.

The fitted PLC curves of similar products are clustered either by known product characteristics or by data-driven clustering. Our key empirical finding is that, for our large data set, data-driven clustering of simple triangles and trapezoids, which are simple to estimate and explain, perform best for forecasting. Our conservative out-of-sample forecast evaluation, using data-driven clustering of triangles and trapezoids, results in mean absolute errors approximately 2%–3% below Dell’s forecasts. We also apply our method to a second data set of a smaller company and find consistent results.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0691 .
Getting exam revision right
Authors: Sullivan Karen
Published: May 2018

The majority of students don't like to use the most effective revision techniques. This has to change, says Karen Sullivan
Geometrically nonlinear autonomous reduced order model for rotating structures
Authors: Balmaseda Mikel , Jacquet-Richardet Georges , Placzek Antoine , Tran Duc-Minh
Published: May 2018

In the present work, as an extension to [2], an autonomous geometrically nonlinear reduced order model for the study of dynamic solutions of complex rotating structures is developed. In opposition to the classical finite element formulation for geometrically nonlinear rotating structures that considers small linear vibrations around the static equilibrium, nonlinear vibrations around the pre-stressed equilibrium are now considered. For that purpose, the linear normal modes are used as a reduced basis for the construction of the reduced order model. The stiffness evaluation procedure method (STEP) [4] is applied to compute the nonlinear forces induced by the displacements around the static equilibrium. This approach enhances the classical linearised small perturbations hypothesis to the cases of large displacements around the static pre-stressed equilibrium. Furthermore, a comparison between the steady solution given by HHT-α [1] and the Harmonic Balance Method (HBM) [3] is carried out. The proposed reduced order models are evaluated for a rotating beam case study.
Parametric Model Order Reduction for Gas Flow Models
Authors: Benner Peter , Grundel Sara , Himpe Christian
Published: May 2018

Planning the dispatch of contracted gas denominations requires various simulations of the involved gas transport infrastructure. Furthermore, due to the growing interplay of traditional gas transport and fluctuating demands related to renewable energies, the number of necessary simulations vastly increases. Mathematically, a system of Euler equations, which are coupled according to the underlying gas network topology, embodies the associated nonlinear and hyperbolic model. Repeated simulation of large networks for varying supply and demand scenarios often necessitates model order reduction. Yet, beyond these variable boundary conditions, further attributes of the network may be uncertain or need to be kept variable throughout simulations, which motivates parametric model order reduction (pMOR).
Biogeochemical Oceanographic Data Assimilation: Dimensionality Reduced Kalman Filter For Mediterranean Sea Forecasting
Authors: Spada Simone , Cossarini Gianpiero , Salon Stefano , Maset Stefano
Published: May 2018

Data assimilation is a key element to improve the performance of biogeochemical ocean/marine forecasting systems. Handling the very big dimension of the state vector of the system (often of the order of 106) remains an issue, also considering the computational efficiency of operational systems. Indeed, simple product operations involving the covariance matrices are too heavy to be computed for operational forecasting purposes. Various attempts have been made in literature to reduce the complexity of this task, often adding strong hypotheses to simplify the problem and decrease the computational cost.

The MedBFM model system, which is responsible for monitoring and forecasting the biogeochemical state of the Mediterranean Sea within the European Copernicus Marine Services (see http://marine.copernicus.eu/) assimilates surface chlorophyll data through a 3D Variational algorithm, that decomposes the background error covariance matrix into sequential operators to reduce complexity.

In this work, we developed a novel Kalman Filter for the MedBFM system. The novel Kalman Filter scheme starts from a SEIK approach but benefits from advanced Principal Component Analysis to reduce the dimension of covariance matrices and improve the computational efficiency.

We compared the standard SEIK filter and the new Kalman filter implementations in a one dimensional transport model with 2 biological variables in terms of root mean square distance. In the vast majority of the experiments, the new Kalman filter had better performances.
JPAAP Word Template
Authors: Editors JPAAP
Published: May 2018

All articles to JPAAP should be submitted using this template Word file. Please use the Styles set in the Word file. Any problems please contact jofpaap@gmail.com.
JPAAP Guide for Authors - Revisions
Authors: Editors JPAAP
Published: May 2018

A step-by-step guide to submitting your revision to JPAAP.
External Examination Invigilators’ (EEIs) Beliefs and Inference About Activities They Consider Important: Implication for Examination Policy
Authors: Minott Mark A
Published: May 2018

The aim of this small-scale grounded approach qualitative study was to examine the beliefs of selected external examination invigilators (EEIs) and infer the kinds of activities they consider important. The importance of this study rested in the fact that there is a paucity of research which examines the role of EEIs at secondary, further and higher education levels. Therefore, it aids in filling a literary gap and gives them a ‘voice’ in the research literature. Study participants were five EEIs, working in a London secondary school. Purposeful convenience or opportunity sampling was used in their selection. Informal interviews and participant observation were the research methods used. The findings revealed the fact that beliefs of the EEIs guide how they rated their role and that maintaining examination intangibles and procedures is of high importance. Implication of the findings are discussed.
Term-time Employment and Student Attainment in Higher Education
Authors: Dennis Cath , Louca Vasilis , Lemon John
Published: May 2018

The number of UK full-time university students engaging in term-time employment (TTE) is rising. Students engaging in TTE have previously been found to achieve less well academically than those who do not. This study aimed to explore patterns of TTE and academic achievement of undergraduates at a large UK higher education institution. Self-reported TTE hours were matched to attainment data for 1304 undergraduate students in levels 1-4 of study (SQCF levels 7-10). The majority of students in TTE (71%, n=621) reported undertaking TTE to cover essential living expenses. Compared to students not undertaking TTE, attainment was significantly better at low levels of TTE (1-10 hours), and only significantly worse when TTE was >30 hours/week. This pattern was magnified when job type was taken into account – students employed in skilled roles for ≤10 hours/week on average attained grades 7% higher than those not in TTE; students working >10 hours/week in unskilled positions showed a mean 1.6% lower grade. The impact of ‘academic potential’ (measured via incoming UCAS tariff) was accounted for in the model. The finding that students engaging in some categories of TTE achieve better academic outcomes than their non-employed peers is worthy of further investigation. This study is unable to provide direct evidence of possible causation, but would tentatively suggest that students may benefit from taking on 10 or fewer hours of TTE per week.
A Discussion of Professional Identity Development in Nursing Students
Authors: Maginnis Cathy
Published: May 2018

Becoming a nurse requires development of professional capabilities, specifically socialisation into the profession and developing a professional identity (PI). A search of the literature highlights a lack of empirical research in PI development during pre-registration nursing education. A range of factors will be explored that relate to PI, including identity, professional socialisation, a sense of belonging to the profession and clinical placement. Exploring the development of a PI in nursing students can assist with identifying drivers and inhibitors. The aim of this paper is to describe PI development in pre-registration nursing students’ education and the relationship between development of a PI and the tertiary provided education. There are a multitude of factors that impact on developing a PI such as identity, professional socialisation, belonging, clinical placements and educators. Nursing students predominantly develop a nursing PI in the pre-registration program with professional socialisation through exposure to academia, clinical practice and role models. The onus of responsibility for developing a PI in nursing students is attributed to educational institutions.

An expected outcome of the pre-registration program is that nursing students will have formed a PI. A greater depth of understanding PI is important in supporting the education of the nurses of the future. There may not be one simple explanation for what PI is, or how it is developed, but a greater depth of understanding of PI by both the tertiary sector and the nursing profession is important in supporting the education of the nurses of the future. Further research will enable a dialogue describing the development of a PI in nursing students and an understanding of the attributes and conceptions attributed to a nursing PI.
Infección asociada al cuidado de la salud por Staphylococcus aureus meticilino resistente de la comunidad.
Authors: ARO CAROLINA , Degiovanni Gabriela Emilce , Zurbriggen Maria Laura , Blesa Maria Jose , Ezcurra Gustavo , Nagel Alicia , Mollerach Analia , Mendez Emilce De los Angeles , Tomatis Carla , Baroni Maria Rosa
Published: May 2018

Staphylococcus aureus es uno de los patógenos más importantes para el humano, por su virulencia y capacidad de adquirir rápidamente resistencia a los antimicrobianos, es responsable de infecciones diversas, tanto de origen comunitario como hospitalario. Las Infecciones por Staphylococcus aureus  resistente a la meticilina circunscribían hasta hace no demasiado tiempo  exclusivamente al ámbito hospitalario (SARM-AH) y desde la década de los 90’ un problema también frecuente en la Comunidad (SARM-AC), en pacientes previamente sanos. En la actualidad, las cepas SARM-AC que son genéticamente diferentes a las SAMR-AH, son responsables de las infecciones asociadas al cuidado de la Salud. Presentamos  el caso clínico de una infección invasiva por SARM-AC  en un niño prematuro y su madre. Los aislamientos portaron el gen mecA, la leucocidina de Panton-Valentine, el cassette SCCmec tipo IV y spa t019 (por asociación: ST30). Ambos aislamientos, atendiendo a criterios fenotípicos y moleculares,  fueron  categorizados como SARM-AC.