bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conférence sur l’intégration scolaire du jeudi 17 mai 1984 à l’École normale de Caen
Authors: Labregère Aimé
Published: June 2021

La distinction de plusieurs niveaux d’intégration permet de préciser sa qualité. Le concept de handicap est bien défini par l’Organisation mondiale de la santé en 1980 selon la chaîne déficience, incapacité, handicap ou désavantage, mais celle-ci n’est pas inéluctable en fonction de l’éducation précoce, du rôle de la famille et de l’environnement. Les débats sur l’intégration aux États-Unis et en Suède dans les années soixante révèlent l’importance des droits, de l’accessibilité et de la participation. Plusieurs exemples d’intégration scolaire d’enfants en situation de handicap sont pris dans différents pays. Enfin l’auteur rapporte sa propre expérience de l’intégration scolaire en France, confrontée à la politique italienne et aux résistances qui subsistent dans les politiques et dans les mentalités.
Cachées, à la vue de tous, les origines autochtones de la démocratie dans les Amériques
Authors: Graeber David , Wengrow David
Published: June 2021

Il semble que l'histoire de la démocratie est prise en étau. Ses fervents adeptes et ses plus farouches détracteurs affirment tous qu'elle est un produit exclusif de la « civilisation occidentale » et soutiennent que la démocratie véritable et directe est à la fois tout à fait insolite dans l'histoire mondiale et qu’il est fort difficile d’y parvenir. Pourtant, les preuves manifestes de l’existence de pratiques démocratiques en Afrique, en Océanie, en Asie ou dans les Amériques sont bien plus courantes qu’on ne le pense – le plus souvent, elles sont cachées à la vue de tous. En regardant d’un œil nouveau les formes de gouvernement mises en place par les peuples autochtones du soi-disant « Nouveau Monde » – et ce, bien avant l'invention de l’« Occident », il devient clair que les villes égalitaires et les formes de participation citoyenne étaient largement répandues. Il est décidément grand temps de faire place à des histoires de démocratie entièrement nouvelles.
La convivialité : instrument du bien vivre ensemble dans les quartiers populaires ?
Authors: Demichel-Basnier Sarah
Published: June 2021

Les moments de convivialité dans les quartiers populaires peuvent être envisagés sous le sceau de la fête et de la « communion » humaine mais ils sont souvent investis d’un aspect normatif – le bien vivre-ensemble – de la part des pouvoirs publics, via notamment la Fête des voisins, qui affaiblit la portée conviviale et commune de ces initiatives. Il s’agit alors d’agir sur les habitants et non avec eux afin de normaliser les relations humaines au détriment de la transformation sociale.
Entretien avec Henri Raynal
Authors: Glansdorff Valérie
Published: June 2021

Henri Raynal écrit depuis plus de 70 ans. Avec ferveur, il célèbre et partage ce qu’il voit. Avec lucidité, il s’inquiète de la tendance humaine à vouloir se désenchâsser du cosmos qui le porte, l’environne, le constitue. L’humain n’est pas une île sans océan ; il peut bien émerger par sa manière d’exister, mais il n’est séparé de rien. Comme antidote contre le désabusement et le scepticisme, mais aussi contre le sentiment de supériorité et d’extériorité propre à notre espèce, Raynal cultive l’émerveillement, se laisse appâter par les déploiements du monde qu’il traduit amoureusement dans le langage des mots. L’émerveillement comme pratique : par où commencer lorsque tant de contraintes nous paralysent ? Il n’y a pas de formule magique, si ce n’est celle qui mènerait à un léger décalage du regard, à un ébranlement discret de l’attitude face aux spectacles qui nous traversent sans interruption. Remplaçons la défiance par l’assentiment à la vie, propose-t-il. Apprenons à accueillir la présence de l’univers dans son inépuisable complexité et son indéniable beauté. Soyons cosmophiles ! Il y a urgence. Retrouvons la joie d’être partie prenante, la jubilation profonde d’être là.
Une protection de l’enfance en partenariat ?
Authors: Blain Violaine
Published: June 2021

La protection de l’enfance ne peut être réalisée ni même conçue par les seuls conseils départementaux, et ce en raison de la nécessaire prise en considération de la spécificité du parcours de l’enfant. C’est donc l’ensemble des institutions concernées qui vont devoir se mobiliser et souvent dans une temporalité resserrée pour accompagner cette démarche. Des instances, des outils, voire des métiers sont dédiés en protection de l’enfance à la dynamique partenariale tant au niveau local que national.
Penser la formation comme une condition de l’intervention en protection de l’enfance
Authors: Devreese Anne , Chapeau Julie
Published: June 2021

Tandis que la littérature scientifique et institutionnelle pointe régulièrement l’inadéquation de la formation des professionnels de la protection de l’enfance aux exigences du secteur, tant sur le plan managérial que sur celui des pratiques, les évolutions attendues peinent à se concrétiser. Dans un contexte de transformation profonde du dispositif de protection de l’enfance, poussée par un cadre législatif renouvelé et l’apport croissant de connaissances sur l’enfant et son développement, comment repenser la formation des cadres et des travailleurs sociaux comme levier d’amélioration de l’intervention conduite auprès des familles, mais aussi des conditions d’exercice des professionnels ? Porteur d’une politique volontariste en matière d’accompagnement des acteurs de terrain, le département du Nord fait le pari d’une meilleure prise en compte des spécificités de cette mission dans l’organisation des formations, mais plus encore de réconcilier ces dernières avec la recherche et les pratiques professionnelles.
Repères pour un renouvellement des pratiques en protection de l’enfance
Authors: Chamberland Claire , Milani Paola
Published: June 2021

Le paradigme dominant observé dans les systèmes de protection occidentaux, centré essentiellement sur l’évaluation des risques, est questionné. L’analyse des besoins des enfants est au cœur d’une approche alternative ayant émergé à l’aube du xxi e  siècle qui présente plusieurs avantages, notamment sur le climat de collaboration entre les familles et les intervenants. Par la suite, une proposition d’une approche novatrice auprès des enfants vulnérables est décrite et se décline en trois repères conceptuels : un référentiel pour analyser les besoins de développement de l’enfant, une approche qui engage de manière optimale les parents et les enfants dans la démarche d’intervention, enfin l’importance du partenariat entre les acteurs autour de la famille. Puis deux innovations sociales qui s’inspirent des trois repères mentionnés, l’un en Italie et l’autre au Québec, seront décrites. Pour finir, la conclusion aborde les similitudes entre aides et pippi , de même que leurs spécificités respectives, la formation des professionnels ainsi que la complémentarité entre les approches de risque et de besoins.
A batch scheduling model for a three-stage flow shop with job and batch processors considering a sampling inspection to minimize expected total actual flow time
Authors: Suryadhini Pratya Poeri , Sukoyo Sukoyo , Suprayogi Suprayogi , Halim Abdul Hakim
Published: June 2021

Purpose: This research develops a batch scheduling model for a three-stage flow shop with job processors in the first and second stages and a batch processor in the third stage. The model integrates production process activities and a product inspection activity to minimize the expected total actual flow time.Design/methodology/approach: The problem of batch scheduling for a three-stage flow shop is formulated as a mathematical model, and a heuristic algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. This model applies backward scheduling to accommodate the objective of minimizing the expected total actual flow time.Findings: This research has proposed a batch scheduling model for a three-stage flow shop with job and batch processors to produce multiple items and an algorithm to solve the model. The objective is to minimize total actual time. The resulting production batches can be sequenced between all types of products to minimize idle time, and the batch processor capacity affects the sample size and indirectly affects the production batch size.Originality/value: This research develops a batch scheduling model for a three-stage flow shop constituting job and batch processors and carrying out integrated production and inspection activities to minimize the expected total actual flow time
In memoriam to Professor Jean Nicod (1923-2021)
Authors: Kranjc Andrej
Published: June 2021

With pain and sadness, we have received news about the death of Prof. Jean Nicod. Prof. Jean Nicod was Dr. Litt., retired Professor Emeritus of Physical Geography at the University Aix-Marseille, Institute of Geography, Aix-en-Provence, honorary doctor of the University of Silesia (1994), and Corresponding member of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts (2003). Prof. Nicod was an outstanding geographer, geomorphologist, researcher of karst phenomena and Mediterranean geomorphology, the founder of the French school of karst geomorphology, and of Association Française de Karstologie (French Association of Karstology), its first president (1977-1986), later its honorary president. Additionally, he was president of Commision de Phenomène Karstique du Comité National de Géographie (Commission of karst phenomena at the National Geographic Committee), and the founder and editor of the journals Karstologia and Méditerranée.
Conduit and fracture flow characteristics of Pınarbaşı spring, Central Taurus Region, Seydişehir, Turkey
Authors: Çelik Mehmet , Çallı Süleyman Selim
Published: June 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the flow and storage mechanisms of a karst aquifer located at the central Taurus Mountains, Turkey. As the biggest discharge point of the aquifer system, the flow characteristics are investigated at Pinarbaşi spring by using recession and time-series analyses. Continuous water level measurements are taken from the spring and are converted to flow rate by using a rating curve. The spring flows for 7 months (December 2014 – July 2015) and dries up for the rest of the year. Six individual recession periods are investigated and analyzed in the discharge time series. The recession coefficients (between 0.029 day-1 and 0.695 day-1) show that the flow within the aquifer system is mainly controlled by large open conduit and partly fracture porosity. The peak discharge is measured as 7.08 m3/s, and the maximum storage within the aquifer is calculated as 3.15 million m3. The continuous discharge data of the spring were evaluated combined with daily rainfall, temperature, electrical conductivity, and amount of suspended sediment in the water. Also a dye-tracing test was also applied to obtain the recharge-discharge relationship and porosity type of the aquifer system. Statistical tests on discharge hydrograph and tracer test showed that the memory of the karst aquifer was found to be about 3 days in the DJF period and about 15 days in the MAM period. The average elevation of the recharge area of the spring was determined to be 1,490 m by using stable isotope data of snow samples and was validated by dye tracer test made via the swallow hole in the recharge area. The total discharge for the year 2015 is estimated at 16.2 million m3 that approximately 25% of the total discharge is caused by snowmelt.
Characterization of the chemical and nutritive quality of coldpressed grape seed oils produced in the Republic of Serbia from different red and white grape varieties
Authors: Vujasinović V.B. , Bjelica M.M. , Čorbo S.C. , Dimić S.B. , Rabrenović B.B.
Published: June 2021

Six cold-pressed oil samples obtained from the seeds of different grape varieties grown in a Fruška Gora vineyard in the Republic of Serbia were examined for chemical and nutritive quality, as well as antiradical capacity. All the tested samples were of good quality, but the results showed noticeable differences in seed oil properties for red and white grape varieties. The highest content in total tocols, 575.23 ± 4.46 mg/kg, was found in the red grape seed oil of the Merlot variety, but the vitamin E activity of white grape seed oils was significantly higher. Regarding single phenols, the most prevalent fraction in all the oil samples was ursolic acid, up to 336.3 ± 4.8 μg/g in the grape seed oil of the Hamburg variety. The highest content in the total phenolic compounds, 54.92 ± 0.93 μg GAE/g, was detected in the oil of red grape seeds. Although significant differences existed between samples, EC50 values were the lowest for the red grape seed oils, varying from 29.84 ± 1.07 to 65.34 ± 0.32 mg oil/mg DPPH, indicating that these oils had the highest antiradical capacity.
La passerelle ottomane
Authors: Hassan Iyas
Published: June 2021

En se basant sur l’édition critique de la recension damascène de Sīrat al-Malik al-Ẓāhir Baybarṣ (Bohas, Diab, Hassan, Zakharia ; 2000-2021), cette contribution vise à interroger l’identité ottomane de ce roman populaire, de deux points de vue interdépendants, la langue et la référence culturelle. Sont ainsi commentés des termes et expressions issus de la langue turque et ayant, pour la plupart, disparu de l’arabe levantin d’aujourd’hui. Au-delà de la langue, l’imaginaire dont émane ce monument littéraire se sert délibérément d’un ensemble de références se rapportant à la turcité et dialoguant avec elle, où l’ottomanisme devient un repère et une stratégie narrative. L’analyse mettra ainsi l’accent, dans un second temps, sur les liens entre les registres de langue et l’imaginaire qui commande la narration, dans le but de tenter, enfin, de savoir s’il s’agit de simples « résidus culturels » ou si le binôme vocable-référence remplit une fonction précise dans le récit.
Beyrouth avant Beyrouth : historiographies contemporaines d’une « ville arabe ottomane » (xvie-xviiie siècles)
Authors: Raymond Candice
Published: June 2021

De nouvelles historiographies de Beyrouth, sorties des décombres de la Guerre du Liban (1975-1990), ont joué un rôle central dans la réévaluation d’un héritage ottoman longtemps occulté par les historiens libanais, en se concentrant sur la modernisation spectaculaire de la ville au xixe siècle. La Beyrouth prémoderne (xvie-xviiie siècles), bourgade mineure par rapport à d’autres villes de la côte syrienne, n’a en revanche fait l’objet que d’un intérêt secondaire parmi les spécialistes d’histoire urbaine. Deux d’entre eux, dont les travaux forment la matière de cet article, se sont néanmoins attachés à déconstruire l’annexion symbolique de Beyrouth à l’histoire du Mont-Liban adjacent, lieu fondateur de l’historiographie nationaliste libanaise, en réinscrivant la ville d’avant les Tanzimât dans le cadre général de l’histoire des provinces arabes de l’Empire. Pour eux, Beyrouth est bien une ville arabe ottomane, mais derrière une même qualification se tapissent deux systèmes de représentation engageant deux conceptions différentes de « l’arabité » et de « l’ottomanité » de Beyrouth, qu’il s’agit de rapporter aux trajectoires et positions sociales de chacun de ces auteurs. Les travaux de ces deux historiens manifestent non seulement les dynamiques identitaires à l’œuvre dans le champ intellectuel libanais des années de guerre et d’après-guerre, mais aussi les effets différentiels de leur positionnement dans le champ scientifique.
L'empire entre mémoire et rêve, le monde ottoman sur les écrans contemporains
Authors: Richard Thomas
Published: June 2021

Le succès de la production audiovisuelle turque populaire contemporaine, qui évoque largement le passé ottoman tend à être interprété comme une manifestation de soft power du pays, prioritairement dans les anciens territoires de l'Empire ottoman. Cependant, la profonde hétérogénéité de cette production et son analyse en termes temporels et spatiaux invitent à nuancer ce jugement, plaçant ces œuvres, dans un contexte de globalisation audiovisuelle concurrentielle, entre exotisme, réappropriation, projection étatique d'un modèle politique, et laisse voir un empire rêvé plus que remémoré.
O gótico também é feminino : Igualdade de género numa subcultura musical
Authors: Soares Manuel Pereira
Published: June 2021

Neste texto aborda-se a desigualdade de género no campo cultural, com especial incidência na música. Cruzando diversos estudos que abordam este tema, afigura-se relevante perceber se existem exceções à desigualdade de género no campo musical, algo que algum trabalho feito internacionalmente indicia, como sucede com o caso do gótico. Procurando verificar se esta subcultura constitui, de facto, uma exceção à tendência existente para a desigualdade de género na música, procede-se à análise da composição do cartaz das dez edições do festival Entremuralhas, único festival gótico em Portugal. A observação permite concluir pela existência de uma maior igualdade em termos estatísticos nesta subcultura em comparação com outros géneros musicais ; contudo, não é possível, apenas com estes dados, aferir se essa maior igualdade é efetivamente sentida no dia a dia das mulheres.
Why Women Are Not Leading or Left Behind
Authors: Kinyanjui Grace
Published: June 2021

Men greatly outnumber women in leadership positions. Women are much less likely than men to be considered leaders. The status of women and leadership has been a quiet subject that is barely pronounced consciously. This is attributable to the various levels of discrimination, barriers, and biases that the society has towards women. The glass ceiling phenomenon is a great indicator and an illustrator of the fact that women have got what it takes to lead at the top levels in various spheres, but this has been curtailed by the various manifestations of the glass ceiling. Various scholars have demonstrated the contribution of inhibitions such as human capital differences, gender differences, as well as gender perceptions and biases. This chapter explores the intricate relationship and interplay between all these factors.
Women and STEM Education in Nigeria
Authors: Agboola Omowunmi Sola
Published: June 2021

Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education teach the four disciplines in an interdisciplinary and applied approach. Globally, the STEM areas are in the forefront of economic development. The government of Nigeria has already forged partnerships and is drawing upon the technological experience of other countries to build new STEM learning opportunities for Nigerian students. The federal government has established several federal universities of science and technology with the sole purpose of improving the teaching of STEM areas. Traditional education in Nigeria challenges range from poverty, poor school funding, poorly trained teachers, inadequate learning aids, incessant strikes, among others. It is time that Nigeria realizes that women and girls continue to be extremely underrepresented in the sciences and incorporate them in the new programme because ensuring that more girls receive a quality education will reap dividends for the safety, security, and prosperity of the nation and for the next generations.
Social Presence in an Online Learning Environment
Authors: Bromer Billi L.
Published: June 2021

Technology alone cannot create the sense of community that is needed for effective online learning. Participants in an online environment can perceive a sense of isolation when social connectedness is not created and encouraged. A community of inquiry emerges when online participants perceive that they are seen and heard and opportunities for active engagement with others is provided. This chapter provides guiding principles for an effective online experience and includes multiple suggestions from an experienced online instructor to create and maintain the social presence of all participants in any online learning experience.
Social Learning Through a Participative Storytelling Framework
Authors: Crawford Caroline M. , Simons Melissa A. , Walters Roger
Published: June 2021

The shift from face-to-face learning and talent development environments into virtual and online learning environments gives an opportunity to rethink what may be described as the essence of the course learning environment. The focus shifts from face-to-face controlled structures into a more participative storytelling framework that reflects social learning efforts. The essence of course engagement changes into a participative storytelling framework that embraces concepts highlighted by Gomez in his 10 commandments: brand essence; story world; design and development blueprint; obtain the creative talent; common resource that includes goals, mission, vision, and values; content matrix and cross-content progression; incentivized support; validation and reverence of socialized course engagement; participative storytelling framework marketing alignment; and array of participative engagement from online to blended to face to face. Reimagining Gomez's 10 commandments highlights the strength of participative storytelling frameworks within the essence of course engagement.
Considering Instructors' Philosophical Belief Systems and Potential Impact Upon eLearning Engagement
Authors: Andrews Sharon K. , Lacher Lisa , Dunnavant Todd W.
Published: June 2021

The philosophical beliefs of instructors directly impact how a course is designed, the extent to which each instructor's belief systems may impact the course experience, and the beliefs that may underlie instructional design and engagement systems throughout the instructional process. The focus of this discussion evolves around the philosophical belief systems of three higher education instructors at different points in their career trajectory, from adjunct instructor to full professor, that focuses upon an analysis of philosophical beliefs associated with the teaching and learning process, that leads into the potential impact upon one's elearning instructional decisions and styles of instructional engagement that may support a better understanding of styles of transformative social learning environments within the higher education elearning instructional environment.
Transformative Social and Emotional Learning
Authors: Fiorentini Joseph P. , McCreery Michael P. , Cole Le Quanda L. , Leif Sam A. , Monk Malaya M. , Bagneris Jessica R. , Head Danielle L.
Published: June 2021

COVID-19 required teachers and administrators to swiftly transition traditional education into learning management systems (LMS). However, LMSs are designed as delivery trucks, providing content to students and serving as digital filing cabinets that organize and deliver information in an appropriate manner. This inherent limitation allows for the disenfranchisement of underprivileged groups, which can be addressed via the transformative social and emotional learning framework (TSEL). TSEL is a method of alleviating inequitable learning experiences by accounting for racial oppressions that marginalized groups encounter within education. Here, the authors discuss how to leverage additional digital learning environments to enhance and support identity, belongingness, intersectionality, and agency during online learning. These digital learning environments are detailed from a research perspective as well as a practical one, allowing readers to immediately implement concurrent extensions to their LMS.
Transformation to Learning Organizations
Authors: Dickenson Virginia
Published: June 2021

As our education system becomes more technology-driven and dependent, technical support is a part of the infrastructure for successful higher education performance. Self-service technology (SST) systems allow users to access solutions without agent involvement are viewed as the most cost-effective way to provide learning support. Support design in SSTs is every bit as critical as instructional design is to content-based education. Designing a technical learning center may be far more effective to address technical support needs, as well as creating other beneficial outcomes. In theory, SST systems are viewed as beneficial because they support self-efficacy, which has a direct relation to self-actualization. Self-efficacy has also been found to promote problem solving as well as higher achievement. Creating a learning center as an SST may contribute to transformative learning in that it changes the learner's perspective of their own capabilities and encourages them to be more flexible when introduced to other technologies. Several examples are presented.
Enriching User Experience by Transforming Consumer Data Into Deeper Insights
Authors: Bathla Devesh , Awasthi Shraddha , Singh Kuber
Published: June 2021

In every field, during a particular era, there is someone who stands up to a cause. There is a “North Star” in the sky to guide the “navigator” who might erringly go astray to reach the destination. The star gives direction through sheer stability. Consumer analytics as such is widely accepted throughout the world. It especially has a firm footing in enriching user experience thanks to the gigantic data collection exercise. The popularity seems to have stemmed from the fact that analytics is the real “navigator” based on data facts and the panacea for the business problems and leads the way forward whenever required. Customer journey analytics is a key instrument in the profitability framework. It also aims to provide a view of customers that is essentially dynamic in nature and other key data points observed during the life cycle of a customer. It further covers ahead of the prevailing product ownership and user data for inculcating the information such as digital channel interactions, social media, voice-of-the-consumer interactions, sentiment analysis, and more.
Digital Marketing Performance
Authors: Brar Tejinder Pal Singh
Published: June 2021

Digital marketing managers are feeling the ever-increasing pressure to show the contribution of marketing activities and it's their primary concern towards their organization. The absence of responsibility has harmed the expected outcomes from the marketing campaigns. The best way to recover its impact is to show the results of advertising in financial terms to top administration. Previous research shows that the capacity to quantify marketing performance significantly affects firm execution, benefit, stock returns, top administration fulfillment with advertising, and advertisers' standing inside an association. This chapter discusses the various challenges faced by the organizations in measuring the digital marketing performance and significance of measuring the online marketing performance through better online execution. The findings of this study reveal that data produced through digital analytics can be utilized for estimating and optimizing performance of digital marketing campaigns.
Big Data Impacts in Tourism Research
Authors: Singh Arjun , Chauhan Surbhi , Sharma Nitin , Sharma Vijay Kumar , Krishna Raguru Jaya
Published: June 2021

Big data has shown improvement in tourism research. This might be the first attempt to present a capacious literature review on different types of big data tourism research. By data informant, the big data related to tourism comes into web search data, online booking data, web page visiting data, etc. Each type of structural analysis is conducted from the perspective of research focused on the characteristics of data techniques that are used in the analysis, major challenges, and further directions. This chapter simplifies a meticulous understanding of this research and offers a valuable vision into its future possibilities.
Social Media Marketing as New Marketing Tool
Authors: Trivedi Sonal , Malik Reena
Published: June 2021

Businesses are growing rapidly. They are using different strategies to connect customers. In this process, marketing is the most important thing. Most people use social media, and it has become one of the best platforms for marketing products. On social media, people can share their views and opinions and also get knowledge about the product and its updates. One of the fundamental reasons for utilizing social media in marketing is as a specialized apparatus that makes the organizations open to those interested in their products and makes them visible to the individuals who have no information of their products. These companies utilize social media to make a buzz and learn from and target customers. Therefore, companies need to look at various social media platforms where their customers exist. In this chapter, the concept of social media marketing is discussed with some practical examples of companies applying social media marketing tools.
Corporate Social Responsibility Interventions for Namibia's Post-COVID-19 Sustainable Banking Sector
Authors: Randa Isaac Okoth
Published: June 2021

This chapter explores the role of corporate social responsibility (CSR) as a mechanism for embedding a sustainability framework within the Namibian banking sector post-COVID-19, which is currently facing a looming deterioration of asset quality and chronic liquidity crises. A qualitative research approach grounded in thematic analysis of stakeholder interviews and documentary analysis were suitable. The study assessed the foundations of CSR activities in Namibian commercial banks using institutional, legitimacy, and stakeholder theories. Overall, governance, brand image, customer loyalty, market competition, and regulatory pre-emption ranked prominently amongst internal and external institutional factors driving CSR in Namibian commercial banks. The study identified various change interventions for commercial banks, like improved CSR reporting, stakeholder engagement, and preferential pricing strategies for vulnerable people in society. Recommendations include development of a uniform CSR framework in line with international best practices contextualized to local socio-economic conditions.
Determinants for SMEs and Entrepreneurship Success Post-Pandemic
Authors: Igbinakhase Idahosa
Published: June 2021

This chapter focused on the determinants for SMEs and entrepreneurship post-pandemic success. SMEs and other enterprises have been greatly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic globally with diverse outcomes. While some SMEs have experienced failures and have permanently closed operations due to the COVID-19 pandemic, other SMEs have shown resilience and have been able to adapt their operations to cope during and post pandemic periods. The resilient SMEs' successes have been made possible by several critical factors in the internal and external business environments. Some of the determinants for SMEs and entrepreneurship post-pandemic success include financial literacy and savings culture and technology adaption. Furthermore, identified challenges that hamper SMEs' survival and post-pandemic success rate include financial challenges and lack of online presence. Finally, recommended solutions to challenges that hinder SMEs' post-pandemic success include SME participation in capacity development programmes.
Strategic Measures and Tactical Interventions for COVID-19 Impact Relief on SMEs
Authors: Hu Meng Kui , Kee Daisy Mui Hung
Published: June 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous impacts on the global socio-economic environment, affecting the business communities, particularly SMEs that continue to struggle for survival. SMEs are entangled in the pandemic and find it tough to operate as smoothly as before. Without seeing the right tactical interventions to rough out from this pandemic, many SMEs will have to cease their business operations. Even when they are successful in being out of the woods, SMEs must revisit and realign their outdated business strategies to remain relevant and operate effectively in the new normal. The ability to remodel their business and reset new business strategies will be the success factors for SMEs to keep up with the changing business environment and customer patterns. They also need to remain disciplined and persevere in acquiring sustainable business growth in the new normal.
Sustaining SME Management and Innovations in the Post-COVID Era
Authors: Gordana Djukic Petar , Biljana Ilic Stojan
Published: June 2021

The aim of this chapter is to point the importance of the sustainable functioning of SMEs for the national and global economy and provide answers that eliminate further risks to society as a whole. The subject of the research is the sustainability of medium-sized enterprises in Serbia. The purpose of this chapter is to find out how the negative effects can be mitigated post-COVID-19 crisis on the business of SMEs and the financial result of the company using the descriptive method. It considered the most common and nationally specific types of support and measures to facilitate access to credit and provided additional guarantees through established special guarantee funds. The contribution of the chapter is to point out the social and economic components of the sustainability of SMEs, government responsibility, and the responsible business strategies for overcoming the COVID crisis in the Western Balkans and the surrounding area.
Training as a Strategic HRM Tool to Foster Employee Development in SMEs
Authors: Dixit Ramnath , Sinha Vinita
Published: June 2021

This chapter aims to highlight the relevance of training and development for employees in SME organizations, and how it can positively impact workplace performance and ensure survival of the organization in the current competitive environment. Over the past few decades, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have witnessed a paradigm shift in their approach towards human resource management (HRM). With the objective of being globally competitive and to retain talented workforce, the SME sector has been focusing on training their personnel on diverse areas. It is in this context that training and development has emerged as a strategic HRM tool for organizations to foster their employee development initiatives. The chapter concludes with insightful recommendations to strengthen human capital in SME organizations by harnessing training interventions effectively.
Feature Engineering Techniques to Improve Identification Accuracy for Offline Signature Case-Bases
Authors: Sanyal Shisna , Desarkar Anindta , Das Uttam Kumar , Chaudhuri Chitrita
Published: June 2021

Handwritten signatures have been widely acclaimed for personal identification viability in educated human society. But, the astronomical growth of population in recent years warrant developing mechanized systems to remove the tedium and bias associated with manual checking. Here the proposed system, performing identification with Nearest Neighbor matching between offline signature images collected temporally. The raw images and their extracted features are preserved using Case Based Reasoning and Feature Engineering principles. Image patterns are captured through standard global and local features, along with some profitable indigenously developed features. Outlier feature values, on detection, are automatically replaced by their nearest statistically determined limit values. Search space reduction possibilities within the case base are probed on a few selected key features, applying Hierarchical clustering and Dendogram representation. Signature identification accuracy is found promising when compared with other machine learning techniques and a few existing well known approaches.
Understanding intention to quit amongst artisans and engineers: The facilitating role of commitment
Authors: Siwela Samuel , Van der Bank Francois
Published: June 2021

Orientation: Given the critical shortage of skilled artisans and engineers in the job market, retention of this key talent is of paramount importance.Research purpose: The aim of this study was to identify the determinants of affective commitment and investigate the impact thereof on intention to quit (ITQ) amongst artisans and engineers.Motivation for the study: For human resource management interventions to be effective in retaining artisans and engineers, the constructs underlying commitment and stay intentions need to be understood. Whereas previous studies have mostly focussed on bivariate relationships, the current study was motivated by the need to develop and test an integrative explanatory model.Research approach/design and method: A non-probability convenience sample of 154 artisans and 84 engineers employed in a manufacturing engineering company participated in this study. A cross-sectional design was employed, with structural equation modelling as analysis technique.Main findings: The data supported the central role of affective commitment in reducing ITQ amongst artisans and engineers. Job fit, psychological meaningfulness, perceived organisational support and satisfaction with pay all explained significant variance in affective commitment, whilst affective commitment demonstrated a strong negative relationship with ITQ. It was found that although perceived organisational justice does not necessarily create affective commitment, people are more likely to quit when they experience injustice.Practical/managerial implications: For organisations to retain artisans and engineers, they have to foster both affective commitment and organisational justice. Affective commitment can be facilitated by interventions focusing on job fit, meaningful work, organisational support and satisfaction with pay.Contribution/value-add: This study provides practical insights into the antecedents of ITQ amongst artisans and engineers, informing human resource management interventions aimed at better retention.
Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the appendix and distal ileum. A rare case report
Authors: Bhasker Aparna Govil , Kotecha Jay D. , Pandey Rahul , Wani Sachin
Published: June 2021

Primary gastrointestinal (GI) tract lymphomas constitute 1%–4% of all GI malignancies. Primary lymphomas of appendix are even more rare and are seen in 0.015% of all appendicectomy specimens. Here, we report a rare case of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma tumours in the appendix and distal ileum in a non-immune compromised young male patient who presented with intermittent intussusception and pain in the right iliac fossa. A laparoscopic right hemicolectomy was performed and the patient recovered uneventfully. Adjuvant chemotherapy (CHOP) in the form of CHOP regimen has been further advised.
How rational are indications for emergency caesarean section in a tertiary hospital in Tanzania?
Authors: Mdegela Mselenge H. , Muganyizi Projestine S. , Pembe Andrea B. , Simba Daudi O. , Van Roosmalen Jos
Published: June 2021

The rate of caesarean section (CS) at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) in Tanzania has been on progressive increase for past three decades. Concerns have been raised if this increase is justified by rational decisions but no study so far has investigated this problem. The aim of the study was to find out whether decisions made for CS comply with a set of locally made standards, with an assumption that if the standards are met, then the increase in CS rate seen at MNH is genuine. The five most common indications for CS were identified from the obstetric electronic data base. Most common indications included obstructed labour, cephalopelvic disproportion (CPD), failure to progress, repeat CS and foetal distress. Criteria for the best practice for each indication were developed based on the National guidelines and local expert consensus. Information extracted from the case notes, antenatal cards and partographs were compared to the standard audit criteria and the decision judged as standard or substandard. Three hundred forty five women had a decision made for emergency CS. Repeat CS was the most frequent indication (30.2%), followed by obstructed labour (14.4%) and foetal distress (13.6%). Audit of 324 women’s files showed that 30% of women had substandard decisions for CS mostly in the foetal distress group (59.1%) and least in the repeat CS group (9.1%). Among the 324 mothers with decision for emergency CS, 279 (86.1%) delivered by CS as decided and 45 (13.9%) delivered vaginally before CS could be performed. Women who delivered vaginally after decision for CS and the nulliparous women had significantly more substandard decisions compared to those delivered by CS and parous women respectively. In conclusion, a substantial proportion of decisions for emergency CS made in the hospital is substandard and may contain women in whom surgical intervention could be avoided. This calls for a need to improve quality of assessment and decision before performing CS.
Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance pattern among pulmonary tuberculosis patients with or without HIV infection in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Range Nyagosya , Friis Henrik , Mfaume Said , Magnussen Pascal , Changalucha John , Kilale Andrew , Mugomela Apolinary , Andersen Aase B.
Published: June 2021

Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance is a major problem in tuberculosis (TB) control, particularly multi-drug resistance TB (MDR-TB). The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of primary and acquired anti-TB drug resistance among newly diagnosed pulmonary TB (PTB) and relapse cases. Sputa were collected from newly diagnosed and relapse PTB patients. Drug susceptibility tests (DST) were performed on sputum culture positive isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using resistance ratio method on four first-line anti-TB drugs: rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol and streptomycin. Demographic and anthropometric information was collected and HIV status was determined. Of the 523 culture positive isolates, DST results were available for 503 (96%), 455 were new and 48 were relapse cases. Resistance to at least one of the four drugs was observed in 7.8% (39/503) of the isolates, 7.3% (33/455) were new and 12.5% (6/48) were from relapse cases. Mono resistance to isoniazid was higher in both among new 45.5% (15/33) and relapse 50.0% (3/6) cases. Resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin alone was equal 4/33 (12.1%) and only among new cases. Resistance to ethambutol alone was only one among new cases. Overall MDR-TB prevalence was 2.4% (12/503), nine were new and three were relapse cases. MDR-TB was 17.9% (7/39) for rifampicin and isoniazid. Prevalence of HIV was 43.3% and was similar among new and relapse cases and not risk factor for drug resistance. Majority of PTB patients (52%) had BMI below 18 kg/m2. Those with BMI greater than 18 kg/m2 were more likely to develop drug resistance than those with BMI below 18 kg/m2  (P=0.004). With the resurgence of TB and the high prevalence of HIV among TB patients, prevalence of drug resistance is still low both among new and relapses cases. Despite the current low drug resistance, there is a need for continuous monitoring of the resistance.
Audit of clinical-laboratory practices in haematology and blood transfusion at Muhimbili National Hospital in Tanzania
Authors: Makubi Abel N. , Meda Collins , Magesa Alex , Minja Peter , Mlalasi Juliana , Salum Zubeda , Kweka Rumisha E. , Rwehabura James , Quaresh Amrana , Magesa Pius M. , Robert David , Makani Julie , Kaaya Ephata
Published: June 2021

In Tanzania, there is paucity of data for monitoring laboratory medicine including haematology. This therefore calls for audits of practices in haematology and blood transfusion in order to provide appraise practice and devise strategies that would result in improved quality of health care services.  This descriptive cross-sectional study which audited laboratory practice in haematology and blood transfusion at Muhimbili National Hospital (MNH) aimed at assessing the  pre-analytical stage of laboratory investigations including laboratory request forms and handling specimen processing in the haematology laboratory and assessing the chain from donor selection, blood component processing  to administration of blood during transfusion. A national standard checklist was used to audit the laboratory request forms (LRF), phlebotomists’ practices on handling and assessing the from donor selection to administration of blood during transfusion. Both interview and observations were used. A total of 195 LRF were audited and 100% of had incomplete information such as patients’ identification numbers, time sample ordered, reason for request, summary of clinical assessment and differential diagnoses. The labelling of specimens was poorly done by phlebotomists/clinicians in 82% of the specimens. Also 65% (132/202) of the blood samples delivered in the haematology laboratory did not contain the recommended volume of blood. There was no laboratory request form specific for ordering blood and there were no guidelines for indication of blood transfusion in the wards/clinics. The blood transfusion laboratory section was not participating in external quality assessment and the hospital transfusion committee was not in operation. It is recommended that a referral hospital like MNH should have a transfusion committee to provide an active forum to facilitate communication between those involved with transfusion, monitor, coordinate and audit blood transfusion practices as per national guidelines.
Brugada-like syndrome presenting with monomorphic ventricular tachycardia and Brugada-type electrocardiogram unmasked by fever in an infant: a case report
Authors: Kilonzo Semvua B. , Ringo Faith , Steven Humphrey , Mpondo Bonaventura T. , Meda John R.
Published: June 2021

Brugada syndrome is an autosomal-dominant arythmogenic genetic disorder associated with mutation in the SCN5A gene. We report a case of 3-month-old Tanzanian male who was admitted at Muhimbili National Hospital in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania with severe pneumonia, high fever and monomorphic ventricular tachycardia. The patient was treated with intravenous Amiodarone. In addition, oxygen, parenteral antibiotics, antipyretics and intravenous fluids were also given. About 2 hours and 20 minute later the child stabilized. An ECG obtained shortly after termination of ventricular tachycardia showed the typical J-point and coved ST elevation typical of  Brugada type I pattern. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paediatric case with Brugada-type ECG to be reported in Sub-Saharan Africa. This case emphasizes the need to increase awareness among clinicians of clinical and genetic arythmogenic disorders. Multiple ECGs during and after febrile disorders should be performed in children who exhibit extreme tachycardia or signs of cardiac failure.
Clinicopathological pattern of benign breast diseases among female patients at a tertiary health institution in Tanzania
Authors: Chalya Phillipo L. , Manyama Mange , Rambau Peter F. , Kapesa Anthony , Ngallaba Sospatro E. , Masalu Nestory , Mabula Joseph B.
Published: June 2021

Background: Benign breast diseases are a neglected entity in developing countries despite the fact that they constitute the majority of breast complaints. There is a paucity of published information regarding benign breast diseases in Tanzania. This study describes our experience in the management of benign breast diseases outlining the clinicopathological pattern and treatment modalities of these diseases in our local setting.Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted between November 2009 and March 2013 at Bugando Medical Centre in Tanzania on female patients aged 10 years and above presenting with benign breast diseases.Results: A total of 346 female patients with benign breast diseases were studied. The majority of patients, 255 (73.7%) were younger than 30 years. Breast lump was the most frequent presentation in 67.6% of patients. Fibroadenoma 95 (60.0%) was the most frequently diagnosed benign breast disease followed by fibrocystic changes (19.0%). Out of 295 patients who had histopathological examination, 64 (21.7%) had proliferative lesions. Of these, 18 (28.1%) had proliferative lesions with atypia while 46(71.9%) had proliferative lesions without atypia. Eight (2.6%) patients were HIV positive with the median CD 4+ count of 258 cells/μl. The majority of patients, 295(85.2%) underwent surgical treatment of which lumpectomy was the most common procedure performed. Conclusion: Benign breast diseases are more common than malignancies in our environment and occur mainly in young women less than 30 years of age and were mostly fibroadenoma and fibrocystic change. Though premalignant lesions of proliferative lesions with atypia were less common in this study, it is advisable that all cases of breast lesions should be carefully evaluated to exclude possibility of breast cancer.