bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impact of Radiology on the Early Identification of Waterhouse-friderichsen Syndrome: A Case Study
Authors: Villa Ruben Borja , Rivera Jose Patricio Martinez , Macias Agustin Parra , Calderon Antonio Ivan Ortiz
Published: September 2023

This study aims to analyze the relevance of radiology in the diagnosis of Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome (WFS), a rare case of acute adrenal insufficiency secondary to hemorrhage. WFS is an extremely rare and serious medical condition, characterized by acute adrenal insufficiency due to hemorrhage in the adrenal glands. Studies have shown that imaging tools such as CT and MRI play a crucial role in confirming the diagnosis of WFS by visualizing bleeding in the adrenal glands. There in not a exact prevalence because of the low presentation of the disease. We present the case of a 40-year-old female patient, previously healthy, who presented symptoms 72 hours before hospital admission and subsequently had severe hemodynamic deterioration. A CT scan is performed and found bleeding in the adrenal gland, free fluid in the left retroperitoneum and important retroperitoneal hemorrhage and her health progressively worsening. She being in charge of the internal medicine service.
Unveiling the Potential of Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in the 5G Network Landscape: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rizvi Samreen
Published: September 2023

Exploring successful case studies, scholars and industry experts concur that artificial intelligence (AI) and 5G technology, as holistic solutions, exhibit remarkable efficiency. The integration of AI has notably resolved wireless communication dilemmas that defy traditional modeling approaches, substantially diminishing technological uncertainties. Furthermore, 5G technology is poised to amalgamate communication, computation, sensing, and control across diverse industries. However, the convergence of these capabilities also introduces complexity, a challenge that can be effectively addressed through the application of artificial intelligence and machine learning functionalities. These cutting-edge technologies not only ensure data security but also satisfy stringent latency requirements while minimizing the burden on both communication and computation resources. In this context, a thorough examination of machine learning and artificial intelligence applications geared towards optimizing communication, computation, and resource allocation within the realm of 5G technology holds paramount significance.

In pursuit of this objective, the study endeavors to offer a comprehensive outlook on the current landscape of artificial intelligence research within the 5G domain. By scrutinizing recent studies, we aim to encapsulate the contributions and prevailing trends associated with these technologies. Ultimately, our aim is to empower researchers and industry practitioners with insights that will facilitate informed decision-making when selecting the most suitable machine learning and artificial intelligence approaches for their endeavors.
The Usefulness of Multivariate Analysis in Forestry Research: A Case Study of Wild Pomegranate (Punica granatum L)
Authors: Kumar Pawan , Gupta R. K. , Gupta Tara , Chandel Ashu , Kaur Sukhdeep
Published: September 2023

The present study deals with the Contrast, Cluster, Discriminant and Principal Component Analysis. The data for the present study was collected. Data on different morphological and seedling characters, namely Tree height (m), Tree diameter (cm), Crown spread E-W (m), Crown spread N-S (m), Fruit weight (g), Leaf length(cm), Internodal length(cm), Collar diameter (mm), Number of branches per plant and leaf petiole (cm)  were considered from five different districts comprising of ten seed sources. Two seed sources were considered from each district viz; Narag and Neripul from Sirmour district, Waknaghat and Sadhupul from Solan district, Sundernagar and Rewalsar from Mandi district, Mohal and Banjar from Kullu district, Basantpur and Sunni from Shimla district. Different morphological and seedling characteristics of ten seed sources were evaluated by contrast analysis, which varied significantly among the different districts and within the districts. It is concluded that Tree diameter (cm), Crown spread E-W (m) and Crown spread N-S (m)was found Maximum in Solan district and Minimum in Shimla district, whereas Collar diameter (mm), Leaf length (cm) and Number of branches per plant was found Maximum in Mandi district and Minimum in Shimla district. Tree height (m) and Leaf petiole was recorded maximum in Kullu and Sirmour district and minimum in Shimla district whereas Fruit weight (g) and internodal length (cm) was found Maximum in Mandi district and minimum in Solan and Sirmour district.Cluster analysis was performed and the seed sources were grouped into three clusters. Discriminant analysis was carried out to categorize the seed sources into high and low yielders. Tree diameter, Tree height and Crown spread E-W are the most important characters that discriminate the two groups. Six seed sources from Mandi, Kullu and Shimla district were high yielder whereas other four seed sources were low yielder. Three principal components (PCS) were extracted out of ten which explained 34.675, 23.002, and 11.587 per cent of the total variation respectively amounting to 69.26 per cent of total variation.
Impact of Boron and Zinc on Vegetables: A Review
Authors: Yadav Agnivesh , Tulluru Naveen Kumar , Panda Monalisa , Singh Anil Kumar , Nagar Badri Lal , Homeshvari  , Rajbhar Ramesh
Published: September 2023

Micronutrients are necessary for the development and continued existence of plant life, as well as the nourishment of crops. Boron and zinc are found to have beneficial effects on the growth, production, and quality of a wide variety of crops, such as tomatoes, chilies, brinjal, cauliflower, broccoli, okra, and carrots, amongst many others. The different studies show that boron in soil and foliar increases tomato vegetative growth and production. Boron 2 kg/ha in the soil and 150 ppm or 3.8 mg/L foliar spray improve yield. According to investigations, adding boron to chilli at 1-3 kg/ha increases yield. Boron, vermicompost, and magnesium are also claimed to increase yields in significant amount. The applying boron on brinjal produced a significantly higher yield, 26% yield increase over control. Applying borax in the soil and foliar concentration at 100 ppm increases cauliflower output and improves its vegetative characteristics. 100 ppm zinc foliar spray increases production by 150-200% in tomato. However, zinc treatment improves vegetative development and reproductive traits, directly increasing tomato output. Zinc applied at 0.5 to 0.75 % to chili increased overall yield significantly.it is also found that application of the zinc in bottle gourd, broccoli and okra found to be beneficial in increasing the overall production which will cause the benefit to the farmer. Concluding that the application of boron and zinc on vegetables found to be significantly beneficial in various ways as per discussed in the review.
Assessment of Crop-Water Requirement of Alfalfa Using FAO-CROPWAT Model-8.0
Authors: Gharsiram  , Solanki R. M. , Suchitra  , Kumawat Laxman , Jaryal Rishi Dev
Published: September 2023

The current study was conducted at the Farming System Research Station, situated within the Department of Agronomy at the College of Agriculture, Junagadh Agricultural University in Junagadh, Gujarat, India. This research took place during the winter cycle (Rabi season) 2021 to 2022 and 2022 to 2023. In this study, the CROPWAT crop irrigation schedule provides an overall Evapotranspiration (ETc) value of 549.6 millimeters as the optimal water requirement for achieving maximum crop production with sufficient water supply. The actual water use by the crop during its growth period amounted to 544.2 millimeters and total net irrigation applied was 507.9 millimeters, while the gross irrigation amounted to 725.6 millimeters. The irrigation efficiency was 100%. Comparing this approach to irrigation scheduling based on the Irrigation Water to Crop Potential Evapotranspiration (IW/CPE) ratio, using CROPWAT enabled the precise management of irrigation water. It ensured that the alfalfa crop received the appropriate amount of water according to its specific growth stage requirements. The CROPWAT model data indicates that there was no yield reduction, even with a 100% critical depletion of available soil moisture. Additionally, the seasonal yield response factor was calculated to be 0.80%. These findings emphasize the effectiveness of the irrigation strategy employed, resulting in optimal crop yields without yield losses due to critical soil moisture depletion.
The Effect of Oral Health Instruction on Knowledge, Attitude and Performance of Pregnant Women in Mashhad-Iran: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Rezaei Mahla , Salari Samaneh , Soroush Zahra
Published: September 2023

Aim: The current study investigated the knowledge and attitude of pregnant women regarding the importance of oral hygiene, considering its importance during pregnancy and its effect on maternal and fetal health. The effect of educating mothers about oral hygiene was also assessed.

Methods and Materials: This study was performed on 203 pregnant women in Mashhad, Iran. The subjects were divided into two groups:102 in the control group and 101 in the intervention group. First, both groups completed a designed questionnaire on the field of knowledge and attitude, and then the DMFT index, Gingival Index (GI), and Plaque Index (PI) were calculated for each participant. Then the intervention group received oral health education. After three months, both groups completed the questionnaire, and the PI and GI were again calculated and compared with the initial values. The results were analyzed by the software SPSS version 11.5.

Results: Educational intervention significantly increased the knowledge (P = 0.017) of the participants, improved attitude (P = 0.045), and decreased PI (P = 0.005). However, mean reduction of GI was not significant (P = 0.113). In the control group, none of the variables showed significant change. At the beginning of the study, the variables of knowledge, attitude, PI, GI, and DMFT had a significant relationship with the level of the participants’ education. Also, oral health indicators at baseline were significantly related to their knowledge and attitude.

Conclusion: Providing oral health education to pregnant women will improve their knowledge, attitude, and health performance.
Lessons not Learnt: Onion Prices
Authors: Parikh Alka
Published: September 2023

This paper looks at the phenomenon of sharp spikes in onion prices almost every alternate year. The paper shows that acreage and production of onions have increased over years, thus there seems to be no problem of supply shortages. The shortages are created by some weather event, which leads to onion shortages that do not last for more than 3-4 months. To get over this problem, government usually resorts to instant export bans, jacking up of minimum export price and strict implementation of storage limits. The paper shows that this hurts India’s exports. It gives some recommendations to deal with the situation better.
The Therapeutic Effects of Lactobacillus reuteri Supplementation in Various Conditions: A Systematic Review
Authors: Dhivya K.  , Backkiyashree D.  , Pratibha N.  , Nandhani N.  , Vincy Santhana Sophia B.  , Bala Abirami M.
Published: September 2023

Background: Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is a probiotic which confers health benefits on the host when administered. The safety and efficacy of L. reuteri in human health and diseases were assessed through this study.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of L. reuteri supplement in various diseases.

Methods: PRISMA guideline was used and systematically searched the Cochrane Library and PubMed electronic databases for studies reporting effects of L. reuteri supplementation consumption in improving patient’s health in different condition/diseases. Twenty-two eligible studies were selected and 1889 patients from general population have been included in our study.

Results and Discussion: From included studies, the predictive performance of L. reuteri produces significant improvement in treatment of various conditions and diseases. It acts by improving the gut microbiota of several conditions and inflammatory diseases can be managed in a better manner. Supplementation with L. reuteri decreased the severity of various diseases and side effects such as antibiotic associated diarrhea.

Conclusion: The effect of L. reuteri varies depends on disease condition that was shown in our results. Hence, we conclude that administration of L. reuteri is considered safe and effective when taken as supplementation.
Processing DNA Storage through Programmable Assembly in a Droplet‐Based Fluidics System
Authors: Yu Minsang , Lim Doyeon , Kim Jungwoo , Song Youngjun
Published: September 2023

DNA can be used to store digital data, and synthetic short‐sequence DNA pools are developed to store high quantities of digital data. However, synthetic DNA data cannot be actively processed in DNA pools. An active DNA data editing process is developed using splint ligation in a droplet‐controlled fluidics (DCF) system. DNA fragments of discrete sizes (100–500 bps) are synthesized for droplet assembly, and programmed sequence information exchange occurred. The encoded DNA sequences are processed in series and parallel to synthesize the determined DNA pools, enabling random access using polymerase chain reaction amplification. The sequencing results of the assembled DNA data pools can be orderly aligned for decoding and have high fidelity through address primer scanning. Furthermore, eight 90 bps DNA pools with pixel information (png: 0.27–0.28 kB), encoded by codons, are synthesized to create eight 270 bps DNA pools with an animation movie chip file (mp4: 12 kB) in the DCF system.
Product Profiles of Promiscuous Enzymes Can be Altered by Controlling In Vivo Spatial Organization
Authors: Cheah Li Chen , Liu Lian , Plan Manuel R. , Peng Bingyin , Lu Zeyu , Schenk Gerhard , Vickers Claudia E. , Sainsbury Frank
Published: September 2023

Enzyme spatial organization is an evolved mechanism for facilitating multi‐step biocatalysis and can play an important role in the regulation of promiscuous enzymes. The latter function suggests that artificial spatial organization can be an untapped avenue for controlling the specificity of bioengineered metabolic pathways. A promiscuous terpene synthase (nerolidol synthase) is co‐localized and spatially organized with the preceding enzyme (farnesyl diphosphate synthase) in a heterologous production pathway, via translational protein fusion and/or co‐encapsulation in a self‐assembling protein cage. Spatial organization enhances nerolidol production by ≈11‐ to ≈62‐fold relative to unorganized enzymes. More interestingly, striking differences in the ratio of end products (nerolidol and linalool) are observed with each spatial organization approach. This demonstrates that artificial spatial organization approaches can be harnessed to modulate the product profiles of promiscuous enzymes in engineered pathways in vivo. This extends the application of spatial organization beyond situations where multiple enzymes compete for a single substrate to cases where there is competition among multiple substrates for a single enzyme.
Expanding the phenotype of Brunner syndrome from childhood to adulthood: Description of the second pediatric patient and his mother
Authors: Minniti Maria Letizia , Kalantari Silvia , Pasca Ludovica , Bruno Samantha , Arceri Sebastiano , Novello Elisa , Giorgio Elisa , Rizzo Vittoria , Borgatti Renato , Valente Enza Maria , Pisani Antonio , Orcesi Simona , Sirchia Fabio
Published: September 2023

Brunner syndrome is a recessive X‐linked disorder caused by pathogenic variants in the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA). It is characterized by distinctive aggressive behavior, mild intellectual disability, sleep disturbances, and typical biochemical alterations deriving from the impaired monoamine metabolism. We herein describe a 5‐year‐old boy with developmental delay, autistic features, and myoclonic epilepsy, and his mother, who had mild intellectual disability and recurrent episodes of palpitations, headache, abdominal pain, and abdominal bloating. Whole exome sequencing allowed detection of the maternally‐inherited variant c.410A>G, (p.Glu137Gly) in the MAOA gene. The subsequent biochemical studies confirmed the MAOA deficiency both in the child and his mother. Given the serotonergic symptoms associated with high serotonin levels found in the mother, treatment with a serotonin reuptake inhibitor and dietary modifications were carried out, resulting in regression of the biochemical abnormalities and partial reduction of symptoms. Our report expands the phenotypic spectrum of Brunner disease, bringing new perspectives on the behavioral and neurodevelopmental phenotype from childhood to adulthood.
Green Solvent Processable, Asymmetric Dopant‐Free Hole Transport Layer Material for Efficient and Stable n‐i‐p Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
Authors: Cheng Qinrong , Chen Haiyang , Chen Weijie , Ding Junyuan , Chen Ziyuan , Shen Yunxiu , Wu Xiaoxiao , Wu Yeyong , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: September 2023

The use of dopant‐free hole transport layers (HTLs) is critical in stabilizing n‐i‐p perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs). However, these HTL materials are often processed with toxic solvents, which is not ideal for industrial production. Upon substituting them with green solvents, a trade‐off emerges between maintaining the high crystallinity of the HTL materials and ensuring high solubility in the new solvents. In this paper, we designed a novel, linear, organic small molecule, BDT‐C8‐3O, by introducing an asymmetric polar oligo(ethylene glycol) side chain. This method not only overcomes the solubility limitations in green solvents but also enables stacking the conjugated main chains in two patterns, which further enhances crystallinity and hole mobility. As a result, the n‐i‐p pero‐SCs based on chlorobenzene‐ or green (natural compound) solvent 3‐methylcyclohexanone‐processed BDT‐C8‐3O HTL that without any dopant delivered world‐recorded power conversion efficiencies of 24.11 % (certified of 23.82 %) and 23.53 %, respectively. The devices also demonstrated remarkable operational and high‐temperature stabilities, maintaining over 84 % and 79.5 % of their initial efficiency for 2000 h, respectively. Encouragingly, dopant‐free BDT‐C8‐3O HTL exhibits significant advantages in large‐area fabrication, achieving state‐of‐the‐art PCEs exceeding 20 % for 5×5 cm2 modules (active area: 15.64 cm2), even when processed using green solvents.
Electrolyte Interphases in Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Sui Yiming , Ji Xiulei
Published: September 2023

The narrow electrochemical stability window of water poses a challenge to the development of aqueous electrolytes. In contrast to non‐aqueous electrolytes, the products of water electrolysis do not contribute to the formation of a passivation layer on electrodes. As a result, aqueous electrolytes require the reactions of additional components, such as additives and co‐solvents, to facilitate the formation of the desired solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the anode and cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) on the cathode. This review highlights the fundamental principles and recent advancements in generating electrolyte interphases in aqueous batteries.
Pioneering first‐in‐class FAAH‐HDAC inhibitors as potential multitarget neuroprotective agents
Authors: Papa Alessandro , Cursaro Ilaria , Pozzetti Luca , Contri Chiara , Cappello Martina , Pasquini Silvia , Carullo Gabriele , Ramunno Anna , Gemma Sandra , Varani Katia , Butini Stefania , Campiani Giuseppe , Vincenzi Fabrizio
Published: September 2023

Aiming to simultaneously modulate the endocannabinoid system (ECS) functions and the epigenetic machinery, we selected the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes as desired targets to develop potential neuroprotective multitarget‐directed ligands (MTDLs), expecting to achieve an additive or synergistic therapeutic effect in oxidative stress‐related conditions. We herein report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of the first‐in‐class FAAH‐HDAC multitarget inhibitors. A pharmacophore merging strategy was applied, yielding 1‐phenylpyrrole‐based compounds 4a–j. The best‐performing compounds (4c, 4f, and 4h) were tested for their neuroprotective properties in oxidative stress models, employing 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells and SHSY5 human neuronal cells. In our preliminary studies, compound 4h stood out, showing a balanced nanomolar inhibitory activity against the selected targets and outperforming the standard antioxidant N‐acetylcysteine in vitro. Together with 4f, 4h was also able to protect 1321N1 cells from tert‐butyl hydroperoxide or glutamate insult. Our study may provide the basis for the development of novel MTDLs targeting the ECS and epigenetic enzymes.
Antibacterial functionalization of calfskin bioremediation film
Authors: Liang Yi , Wei Chao , Song Yuying , Feng Yihua
Published: September 2023

Decellularized calfskins are a well‐established skin substitute that retains the dermal tissue's spatial structure, facilitating skin regeneration, and is already available in the market. However, their mechanical properties can change with degradation, leading to tearing at the suture. Moreover, decellularized calfskins do not possess inherent antimicrobial abilities, which can lead to wound infection and further injury during the healing process. With the objectives of supporting the clinical use of decellularized calfskins, minimizing the probability of decellularized calfskin fracture and damage during usage, and improving their anti‐infective properties, this study utilized a post‐loading method to load gentamicin sulfate onto the decellularized calfskin to functionalize it for antimicrobial purposes. In addition, the mechanical and physicochemical properties of the drug‐carrying film were investigated to see if they could meet the clinical requirements. The results revealed that vancomycin sulfate could be loaded onto the decellularized calfskin without affecting collagen. The tensile strength of the drug‐loaded membrane was determined to be in the range of 5.53–29.25 MPa, meeting the clinical requirements. Thermal analysis and pH analysis experiments demonstrated that the drug‐loaded membrane did not undergo thermal denaturation or decomposition during skin repair and remained within the normal pH range of the skin, avoiding significant fluctuations in wound pH.
Identification of optimal flow rate for culture media, cell density, and oxygen toward maximization of virus production in a fed‐batch baculovirus‐insect cell system
Authors: Sharma Surbhi , Mahadevan Jagadeesh , Giri Lopamudra , Mitra Kishalay
Published: September 2023

In recent times, it has been realized that novel vaccines are required to combat emerging disease outbreaks, and faster optimization is required to respond to global vaccine demands. Although, fed‐batch operations offer better productivity, experiment‐based optimization of a new fed‐batch process remains expensive and time‐consuming. In this context, we propose a novel computational framework that can be used for process optimization and control of a fed‐batch baculovirus‐insect cell system. Since the baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is known to be widely used platforms for recombinant protein/vaccine production, we chose this system to demonstrate the identification of optimal profile. Toward this, first, we constructed a mathematical model that captures the time course of cell and virus growth in a baculovirus‐insect cell system. Second, the proposed model was used for numerical analysis to determine the optimal operating profiles of control variables such as culture media, cell density, and oxygen based on a multiobjective optimal control formulation. Third, a detailed comparison between batch and fed‐batch culture was perfromed along with a comparison between various alternatives of fed‐batch operation. Finally, we demonstrate that a model‐based quantification of controlled feed addition in fed‐batch culture is capable of providing better productivity as compared to a batch culture. The proposed framework can be utilized for the estimation of optimal operating regions of different control variables to achieve maximum infected cell density and virus yield while minimizing the substrate/media, uninfected cell, and oxygen consumption.
Rapid, label‐free enrichment of lymphocytes in a closed system using a flow‐through microfluidic device
Authors: Mukhamedshin Anton , Reddington Riley C. , Dinh Mai T. P. , Abhishek Kumar , Iqbal Mubasher , Manheim Marc , Gifford Sean C. , Shevkoplyas Sergey S.
Published: September 2023

The majority of adoptive cellular therapies are produced from peripheral mononuclear cells obtained via leukapheresis and further enriched for the cells of interest (e.g., T cells). Here, we present a first‐of‐its‐kind closed system, which effectively removes ~85% of monocytes and ~88% of platelets, while recovering ~88% of concentrated T cells in a separate output stream, as the leukapheresis sample flows through a microfluidic device at 5 mL/min. The system is driven by a common peristaltic pump, enabled by a novel pressure wave dampener, and operates in a closed bag‐to‐bag configuration, without requiring any specialized, dedicated equipment. When compared to standard density gradient centrifugation on paired samples, the new system demonstrated a 1.5‐fold increase in T cell recovery and a 2‐fold reduction in inter‐sample variability for this separation outcome. The T cell‐to‐monocyte ratio of the leukapheresis sample was increased to 20:1, whereas with density gradient processing it decreased to 2:1. As a result of superior purity and/or gentler processing, T cells enriched by the system showed a 2.7‐times higher fold expansion during subsequent culture, and an overall 3.5‐times higher cumulative yield. This centrifugation‐free and label‐free closed system for enriching lymphocytes could significantly simplify and standardize the manufacturing of life‐saving cellular therapies.
‘Most people think you're a fruit loop’: Clients’ experiences of seeking support for anomalous experiences
Authors: Roxburgh Elizabeth C. , Evenden Rachel E.
Published: September 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate the experiences of clients who report anomalous experiences (AEs) in counselling services, so we are better informed about how therapists have responded to such clients. AEs are defined as those that ‘depart from our own familiar personal experiences or from the more usual, ordinary, and expected experiences of a given culture and time’ (Braud, , p. 107).

Design

A qualitative approach was taken involving semi‐structured interviews, and an inductive thematic analysis was conducted on transcripts.

Method

Semi‐structured face‐to‐face interviews were conducted with eight clients who had discussed at least one anomalous experience in counselling.

Results

Four themes were derived from participants’ data which were labelled using short participant extracts: ‘Why are you looking at that airy fairy crap?’, ‘It was like banging your head against a brick wall’, ‘It kind of shut the door’, and ‘Having someone to normalise and say you're not crazy, you're not weird’.

Conclusions

Findings highlight the importance for clients of finding an open‐minded and informed counsellor, so they can explore the meaning of the anomalous experience without being ridiculed or pathologised. Implications for both clients and counsellors are discussed in terms of the accessibility of counselling services to meet the needs of diverse clients and the growing field of clinical parapsychology.
Biotransformation of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids to Trioxilins by Lipoxygenase from Pleurotus sajor‐caju
Authors: Seo Min‐Ju , Lee Tae‐Eui , Yeom Soo‐Jin , Oh Deok‐Kun , Shin Kyung‐Chul
Published: September 2023

A lipoxygenase from Pleurotus sajor‐caju (PsLOX) was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli, and purified as a soluble protein with a specific activity of 629 μmol/min/mg for arachidonic acid (AA). The native PsLOX exhibited a molecular mass of 146 kDa, including a 73‐kDa homodimer, as estimated by gel‐filtration chromatography. The major products converted from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including AA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were identified as trioxilins (TrXs), namely 13,14,15‐TrXB3, 13,14,15‐TrXB4, and 15,16,17‐TrXB5, respectively, through high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐MS/MS) analyses. The enzyme displayed its maximum activity at pH 8.0 and 20 °C. Under these conditions, the specific activity and catalytic efficiency of PsLOX for PUFAs exhibited the following order: AA>EPA>DHA. Based on HPLC analysis and substrate specificity, PsLOX was identified as an arachidonate 15‐LOX. PsLOX efficiently converted 10 mM of AA, EPA, and DHA to 8.7 mM of 13,14,15‐TrXB3 (conversion rate: 87 %), 7.9 mM of 13,14,15‐TrXB4 (79 %), and 7.2 mM of 15,16,17‐TrXB5 (72 %) in 15, 20, and 20 min, respectively, marking the highest conversion rates reported to date. Collectively, our results demonstrate that PsLOX is an efficient TrXs‐producing enzyme.
Ectopic thyroid gland resembling a thyroglossal duct cyst
Authors: Messias Henrique , Sequeira Maria Luísa , Vilares Miguel , Bitoque Sandra , Rito Miguel , Gomes Pedro
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

This rare diagnosis highlights the importance of anatomical and embryological knowledge in the differential diagnosis of neck masses.

A 41‐year‐old woman was referred to the head and neck surgery department because of a large midline neck mass at the level of the hyoid bone that was diagnostic for functioning thyroid tissue in a totally ectopic location.
Management of liver hydatid cyst: A case report
Authors: Bairwa Banwari Lal , Anand Ayush
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Hydatid disease, if not properly managed, can lead to mortality. Open surgery is preferred and can be a curative approach for multiple and large liver hydatid cysts. Also, regular follow‐up is required to detect recurrence.
Primary mucinous carcinoma of the skin
Authors: Yamada Takayuki
Published: September 2023

Key Clinical Message

Mucinous carcinoma of the skin is clinically characterized by good mobility, slow growth, a macroscopically smooth surface, no easy contact bleeding, and no internal flow on color Doppler; it is thus difficult to distinguish from benign tumors.

A 58‐year‐old man presented to our clinic complaining of a right cheek induration, growing over the previous 6 months. The tumor surface was smooth, pink, did not bleed easily, and approximately 10 mm in size with good mobility. Ultrasonography revealed a well‐circumscribed hypoechoic homogenous tumor with posterior acoustic enhancement; color Doppler displayed no internal flow. Preoperative diagnosis was intradermal type nevus or dermatofibroma. An excisional biopsy was performed under local anesthesia. The biopsy specimen unexpectedly showed tumor cells with an epithelial alveolar configuration floating in a mucin lake. The tumor cells contained enlarged nuclei and formed atypical columnar epithelium, arranged in fused, honeycomb‐like glandular ducts, indicating mucinous carcinoma.
Characterization of Sprays Generated by the Expansion of Emulsions with Liquid Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Lauscher Clara , Licau Alexander , Schaldach Gerhard , Thommes Markus
Published: September 2023

Expanding emulsions with liquid CO2 facilitates the creation of aerosols with an average droplet diameter in the low micrometer size range, which is challenging with conventional atomizers. The droplet formation process of the expansion of high‐pressure emulsions was investigated using a plain‐orifice atomizer and different swirl nozzles. The local droplet size and droplet velocities were measured and used to estimate the local Weber number and thus infer the droplet size reduction. Measurements of the local mass concentration in the aerosol showed that, for the swirl nozzle, the highest concentration was found outside of the central axis, indicating radial momentum generated by the swirl nozzle. Furthermore, it was shown that the type of expansion nozzle used has an influence on the resulting median droplet size in the aerosol. For a water mass load of 0.01, the median droplet diameter was reduced from 8 to 3 μm by increasing the swirl number from 0.01 to 0.1.
Pyridazine derivatives as selective COX‐2 inhibitors: A review on recent updates
Authors: Ewieda Sara Y. , Ahmed Eman M. , Hassan Rasha A. , Hassan Marwa S. A.
Published: September 2023

Selective cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 inhibitors have several advantages over nonselective COX inhibitors (nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs [NSAIDs]), including the absence of adverse effects (renal and hepatic disorders) associated with the long‐term use of standard NSAIDs, as well as an improved gastrointestinal profile. The pyridazine nucleus is regarded as a promising scaffold for the development of powerful COX‐2 inhibitors, particularly when selectively functionalized. This article summarizes some methods for the synthesis of pyridazine derivatives. Furthermore, it covers all of the pyridazine derivatives that have appeared as selective COX‐2 inhibitors, making it useful as a reference for the rational design of novel selective COX‐2 inhibitors.
Sociodemographic factors affecting glycaemic control in Finnish paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Pironetti Riina , Saha Marja‐Terttu , Luukkaala Tiina , Keskinen Päivi
Published: September 2023

Aims

Socioeconomic problems may present significant challenges when trying to reach optimal glycaemic control in paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. We examined sociodemographic factors affecting metabolic control in patients in one of the biggest paediatric diabetes clinics in Finland.

Methods

One hundred ninety‐one children (age 2–15 years; median 11 years; 47% female) with type 1 diabetes and their families were recruited during outpatient visits in the paediatric diabetes clinic of Tampere University Hospital, Finland. The participants completed a questionnaire on the family's sociodemographic background. The child's glycaemic control was assessed by both glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and time in range (TIR). Risk factors for poor (HbA1c ≥75 mmol/mol; TIR <40%) and optimal (HbA1c <53 mmol/mol; TIR ≥70%) metabolic control were searched using logistic regression analyses.

Results

Living in a nuclear family, male gender, younger age and a school assistant for diabetes management were associated with the simultaneous presence of both indicators of optimal metabolic control. Poor glycaemic control, as estimated by HbA1c, was associated with lower parental education and the child's older age. Parental smoking and the child's older age were associated with poor TIR.

Conclusion

This study confirms the importance of sociodemographic factors in care of Finnish paediatric patients with type 1 diabetes. Sociodemographic status markers of the family could be used as triggers to alert paediatric diabetes teams to offer more tailored care to families with new‐onset type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Hydrogen storage materials for vehicular applications
Authors: Srivastava Sumita
Published: September 2023

Hydrogen energy has been assessed as the clean and renewable energy source with the highest energy density. At present, 25% of energy demand comes from the transport sector, while 20% of greenhouse gases are produced from the transport sector at the global level. Hydrogen may be utilized in the vehicles as a fuel for fuel cell vehicles or as a hydrogen system in internal combustion engine vehicles. In both cases, hydrogen storage remains a key parameter. Various types of hydrogen storage materials have a wide range of operating conditions in terms of temperature, hydrogen plateau pressure, and hydrogen storage capacity with other relevant hydrogenation characteristics. At present, not a single hydrogen storage material is available to fulfill all the requirements of hydrogen storage for vehicles on the set target of DOE US. MgH2 has high hydrogen storage capacity equivalent to 7 wt%, but desorption temperature is 300°C. The normal vehicles do not operate at such a high temperature. Therefore, in the present communication, combinations of metal hydrides have been studied. The first combination belongs to MgH2 and AB2 system and another belongs to MgH2, NaAlH4, and AB2 system. In the calculation performed, it has been shown that the amount of heat and temperature available in the exhaust gas of a vehicle is enough to liberate the hydrogen from the high‐temperature metal hydride system. The calculated specific capacity on the system basis has been found as 1.13 kWh/kg (0.034 kgH2/kg) and 1.20 kWh/kg (0.036 kgH2/kg) for both combinations, respectively. These values of specific capacity are very much close to the present target of DOE US.
Long‐term surgical and functional outcomes after anterolateral thigh flap and free jejunal transfer reconstruction of circumferential pharyngoesophageal defects
Authors: Ishida Katsuhiro , Hirayama Haruyuki , Kishi Keita , Miyawaki Takeshi
Published: September 2023

Background

Circumferential pharyngoesophageal defects resulting from total pharyngolaryngectomy are commonly reconstructed using free jejunal (FJ) transfer or an anterolateral thigh (ALT) free flap.

Methods

We reviewed the medical records of 92 patients with ALT free flaps and 140 who underwent FJ transfer between 2009 and 2022, and compared their surgical outcomes.

Results

Total flap loss occurred in two (2%) and five (4%) patients in the ALT free flap and FJ transfer groups, respectively. Fistula rates were 5% in both groups. Stricture rates were 21% and 5% in the ALT free flap and FJ transfer groups, respectively (p < 0.01). At the 5‐year follow‐up evaluation, intelligible speech was achieved by 83% and 28% of patients (p < 0.01) in the ALT free flap and FJ transfer groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Each reconstructive method can be further optimized by proficient surgeons with expertise in the available methods and by considering patient‐specific factors and available evidence.
Xerostomia: An easily ignored symptom induced by induction chemotherapy in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Zhou Ping , Zhou Rui , Yu Yi‐Feng , Rao Ming‐Yue , Wu San‐Gang
Published: September 2023

Background

To investigate the prevalence and predictive factors of xerostomia during induction chemotherapy (IC) in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).

Methods

We prospectively enrolled NPC patients who received IC between October 2020 and October 2021. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Xerostomia Inventory (XI) were used to evaluate the condition of xerostomia. The volume of the submandibular gland (SMG) was also calculated before and after IC.

Results

Fifty‐two patients were enrolled in this study. Of these patients, 32.7% (n = 17) experienced xerostomia before IC. There were 32 (61.5%) patients suffered from xerostomia after IC, including 21 (40.4%) patients with newly diagnosed xerostomia after IC and 11 (21.1%) patients complained their xerostomia aggravated in those with xerostomia before IC. The median XI scores increased from 11 (standard deviation [SD], 2.930) to 18 (SD 3.995), 16 (SD 3.605), and 17 (SD 4.331) after the first, second, and third cycles of IC, respectively. The median score of VAS also increased from 0 to 4 during the following three cycles of IC. In those with IC‐related xerostomia, the SMG volume after IC was significantly decreased compared with those without IC‐related xerostomia (P = 0.001). The reduction of the SMG volume after IC was the independent risk factor for xerostomia (P = 0.002).

Conclusion

Approximately two‐thirds of NPC patients suffered from IC‐related xerostomia and patients with a reduction of SMG volume after IC had a higher risk of xerostomia.
Why do parents employ helicopter parenting in the post‐COVID‐19 era? An actor‐partner interdependence mediation model
Authors: Wu Wei , Chao Yufan , Ji Zouhui , Wang Yanhan , Wang Yan
Published: September 2023

Introduction

In the post‐COVID‐19 era, small‐scale and long‐term recurrences of the pandemic can exacerbate future economic uncertainty. Previous studies have found that stressful situations are strongly associated with a controlling type of parenting. The relationship between parental perceptions of future economic uncertainty (PFEU) and helicopter parenting is currently unclear. This study aimed to examine the dyadic relationship between PFEU and helicopter parenting among Chinese parents in the postpandemic era and its underlying mechanisms from a family system perspective.

Methods

Questionnaire data were collected from 395 pairs of parents (Mfather = 43.65 ± 5.30, Mmother = 40.71 ± 5.16, Madolescent = 13.17 ± 0.87, 45.3% male) in Jiangxi Province, China in October 2021. An actor‐partner interdependence mediation model was established.

Results

The results indicated that fathers' and mothers' PFEU were positively associated with their own helicopter parenting. Additionally, paternal parenting stress mediated the relationship between fathers' and mothers' PFEU and paternal helicopter parenting, whereas mothers' parenting stress mediated the association between mothers' PFEU and paternal and maternal helicopter parenting.

Conclusions

The current research provides important insights for improving Chinese family education practices in the postpandemic era.
Amphiphilic Surface‐Active Methacrylic Urethane Additives for the Design of Photopolymerized Coatings with Great Potential for Marine Fouling‐Release Applications
Authors: Guazzelli Elisa , Rollo Marco , Oliva Matteo , Cardone Sara , Pretti Carlo , Maniero Francesco , Martinelli Elisa
Published: September 2023

Amphiphilic photopolymerized network films are prepared, based on a hexyl acrylate (HA) hydrophobic matrix containing varied amounts of urethane dimethacrylates bearing a hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) segment and terminated with hydrophobic, low surface energy groups, i.e., a short perfluorohexyl chain (for EF) or a fluorine‐free heptamethyltrisiloxane group (for ES). These films are extensively characterized in bulk and at the surface by thermal, mechanical, solvent and water uptake, contact angle, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements. On one hand, surface characterizations reveal that the amphiphilic chains of the additives enrich the topmost layer of the films, thus generating a water‐responsive surface. The reconstruction process is found to be faster for the perfluorinated additive EF and slower for the fluorine‐free ES ones. On the other hand, HA provides a hydrophobic matrix with low elastic modulus, dimensional stability, and adhesion to the substrates even after the absorption of water after prolonged immersion. A field immersion trial carried out in a touristic harbor in Leghorn points out that the films, although being ineffective in preventing organism settlement, are easily cleaned by a water jet after three months of immersion, showing a final residual coverage of panels as low as 15%.
Immune landscape in molecular subtypes of human papillomavirus‐negative head and neck cancer
Authors: Xie Mengyu , Chaudhary Ritu , Slebos Robbert J. C. , Lee Kyubum , Song Feifei , Poole Maria I. , Hoening Dirk S. , Noel Leenil C. , Hernandez‐Prera Juan C. , Conejo‐Garcia Jose R. , Chung Christine H. , Tan Aik Choon
Published: September 2023

Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) remain a poorly understood disease clinically and immunologically. HPV is a known risk factor of HNSCC associated with better outcome, whereas HPV‐negative HNSCC are more heterogeneous in outcome. Gene expression signatures have been developed to classify HNSCC into four molecular subtypes (classical, basal, mesenchymal, and atypical). However, the molecular underpinnings of treatment response and the immune landscape for these molecular subtypes are largely unknown. Herein, we described a comprehensive immune landscape analysis in three independent HNSCC cohorts (>700 patients) using transcriptomics data. We assigned the HPV− HNSCC patients into these four molecular subtypes and characterized the tumor microenvironment using deconvolution method. We determined that atypical and mesenchymal subtypes have greater immune enrichment and exhibit a T‐cell exhaustion phenotype, compared to classical and basal subtypes. Further analyses revealed different B cell maturation and antibody isotypes enrichment patterns, and distinct immune microenvironment crosstalk in the atypical and mesenchymal subtypes. Taken together, our study suggests that treatments that enhances B cell activity may benefit patients with HNSCC of the atypical subtypes. The rationale can be utilized in the design of future precision immunotherapy trials based on the molecular subtypes of HPV− HNSCC.
MRI‐based quantification of whole‐organ renal metabolic rate of oxygen
Authors: Deshpande Rajiv S. , Langham Michael C. , Susztak Katalin , Wehrli Felix W.
Published: September 2023

During the early stages of diabetes, kidney oxygen utilization increases. The mismatch between oxygen demand and supply contributes to tissue hypoxia, a key driver of chronic kidney disease. Thus, whole‐organ renal metabolic rate of oxygen (rMRO2) is a potentially valuable biomarker of kidney function. The key parameters required to determine rMRO2 include the renal blood flow rate (RBF) in the feeding artery and oxygen saturation in the draining renal vein (SvO2). However, there is currently no noninvasive method to quantify rMRO2 in absolute physiologic units. Here, a new MRI pulse sequence, Kidney Metabolism of Oxygen via T2 and Interleaved Velocity Encoding (K‐MOTIVE), is described, along with evaluation of its performance in the human kidney in vivo. K‐MOTIVE interleaves a phase‐contrast module before a background‐suppressed T2‐prepared balanced steady‐state‐free‐precession (bSSFP) readout to measure RBF and SvO2 in a single breath‐hold period of 22 s, yielding rMRO2 via Fick's principle. Variants of K‐MOTIVE to evaluate alternative bSSFP readout strategies were studied. Kidney mass was manually determined from multislice gradient recalled echo images. Healthy subjects were recruited to quantify rMRO2 of the left kidney at 3‐T field strength (N = 15). Assessments of repeat reproducibility and comparisons with individual measurements of RBF and SvO2 were performed, and the method's sensitivity was evaluated with a high‐protein meal challenge (N = 8). K‐MOTIVE yielded the following metabolic parameters: T2 = 157 ± 19 ms; SvO2 = 92% ± 6%; RBF = 400 ± 110 mL/min; and rMRO2 = 114 ± 117(μmol O2/min)/100 g tissue. Reproducibility studies of T2 and RBF (parameters directly measured by K‐MOTIVE) resulted in coefficients of variation less than 10% and intraclass correlation coefficients more than 0.75. The high‐protein meal elicited an increase in rMRO2, which was corroborated by serum biomarkers. The K‐MOTIVE sequence measures SvO2 and RBF, the parameters necessary to quantify whole‐organ rMRO2, in a single breath‐hold. The present work demonstrates that rMRO2 quantification is feasible with good reproducibility. rMRO2 is a potentially valuable physiological biomarker.