bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Wissen zugänglich für Alle - Barrierefreier Zugang zu Fachliteratur und Studienmaterial
Authors: Imhoff Claudia , Mattert Jana
Published: October 2019

Der barrierefreie Zugang zu Fachliteratur und Studienmaterialien ist eine wichtige Voraussetzung für ein chancengleiches Studium. Studierende mit unterschiedlichen gesundheitlichen Beeinträchtigungen haben einen Bedarf an barrierefreier Literatur, an barrierefreier Kommunikation sowie an barrierefreien Gebäuden. Nachteilsausgleiche und Unterstützungsangebote in Bibliotheken tragen dazu bei, dass Studierende mit Beeinträchtigung ein Studium erfolgreich absolvieren können.
A generating theorem of punctured surface triangulations with inner degree at least 4
Authors: Chávez María-José , Negami Seiya , Quintero Antonio , Villar-Liñán María Trinidad
Published: October 2019

Given any punctured surface F2, we present a method for generating all of F2 triangulations with inner vertices of degree ≥ 4 and boundary vertices of degree ≥ 3. The method is based on a set of expansive operations which includes the well-known vertex splitting and octahedron addition.

By reversing this method we get a procedure to obtain minimal triangulations by a sequence of intermediate triangulations, all of them within the given family.
Nilpotent elements in medial semigroups
Authors: Gigoń Roman S.
Published: October 2019

We show without the Kuratowski-Zorn lemma that the set of all nilpotent elements of a medial semigroup (with zero) is the set-theoretic intersection of all its prime ideals. Moreover, some applications of the above theorem are given.
Power of meromorphic function sharing polynomials with derivative of it’s combination with it’s shift
Authors: Majumder Sujoy , Saha Somnath
Published: October 2019

In this paper we consider the situation when a power of a transcendental meromorphic function shares non-zero polynomials with derivative of it’s combination with it’s shift. Also we exhibit some examples to fortify the conditions of our results.
Sharp coefficient bounds for starlike functions associated with the Bell numbers
Authors: Kumar Virendra , Cho Nak Eun , Ravichandran V. , Srivastava H. M.
Published: October 2019

Let
$\begin{array}{}
\mathcal{S}^*_B
\end{array}$ be the class of normalized starlike functions associated with a function related to the Bell numbers. By establishing bounds on some coefficient functionals for the family of functions with positive real part, we derive for functions in the class
$\begin{array}{}
\mathcal{S}^*_B
\end{array}$ several sharp coefficient bounds on the first six coefficients and also further sharp bounds on the corresponding Hankel determinants. Bounds on the first three consecutive higher-order Schwarzian derivatives for functions in the class
$\begin{array}{}
\mathcal{S}^*_B
\end{array}$ are investigated.
Crop growth and viability of seeds on Mars and Moon soil simulants
Authors: Wamelink G.W.W. , Frissel J.Y. , Krijnen W.H.J. , Verwoert M.R.
Published: October 2019

If humans are going to establish a base on the Moon or on Mars they will have to grow their own crops. An option is to use Lunar and Martian regolith. These regoliths are not available for plant growth experiments, therefore NASA has developed regolith simulants. The major goal of this project was to cultivate and harvest crops on these Mars and Moon simulants. The simulants were mixed with organic matter to mimic the addition of residues from earlier harvests. Ten different crops, garden cress, rocket, tomato, radish, rye, quinoa, spinach, chives, pea and leek were sown in random lines in trays. Nine of the ten species grew well with the exception of spinach. It was possible to harvest edible parts for nine out of ten crops. The total biomass production per tray was highest for the Earth control and Mars soil simulant and differed significantly from Moon soil simulant. The seeds produced by three species were tested for germination (radish, rye and cress). The germination on Moon soil simulant was significantly lower in radish than for the Earth control soil.
Spatial analysis of changes and anomalies of intense rainfalls in Hungary
Authors: Jakab Gergely , Bíró Tibor , Kovács Zoltán , Papp Ádám , Sarawut Ninsawat , Szalai Zoltán , Madarász Balázs , Szabó Szilárd
Published: October 2019

Extreme precipitation events can trigger flash flood, mass movements, pluvial flood and accelerated soil erosion. As soil structures are highly degraded due to intensive improper cultivation water infiltration can considerably decrease during the vegetation period. Additional changes in canopy coverage on the soil surface cause relevant variability in infiltration and hence vulnerability against runoff related disasters. Most researchers agree that the frequency of extreme precipitations increases, however, in the Carpathian Basin the uncertainties are quite high. This study aims to compare daily maximum mean precipitation amounts (MMPA) predicted by the Goda-method for June and August as the most probable months of extremities. We used the CarpatClim database as input and predicted MMPAs for two periods, 1960–1985 and 1986–2010. The Goda-method uses monthly data and calculates daily results on given probability. A general increase was found between the first and second half of the period regarding daily maximum precipitation amount in both investigated months. For August the 1-day precipitation amount increased from 56.1 mm to 61.8 mm, whereas 6-days amount from 93.8 mm to 103.2 mm at 1 per cent probability (r = 0.53; p < 0.001). Beyond this change, relevant spatial differences were found. Comparing the macro regions plains had lower increase compared to the mountains, whereas the highest increase was at the. The most endangered location is the southern part of the Transdanubian Hills where parallel with the intensive increase in MMPA both in June and August the environmental conditions such as loose parent material and the high percentage of crop fields also emphasize the potential hazard.
Distribution of landslides reconstructed from inventory data and estimation of landslide susceptibility in Hungary
Authors: Józsa Edina , Lóczy Dénes , Soldati Mauro , Drăguţ Lucian Daniel , Szabó József
Published: October 2019

The complexity of landslides makes it difficult to predict the spatial distribution of landslide susceptibility and hazard. Although in most European countries the basic preconditions for the occurrence of mass movements (rocks and topography) have been mapped in detail, the triggering factors (e.g. precipitation or earthquakes) are much less predictable. A detailed nation-wide inventory for Hungary provides a unique base for landslide susceptibility mapping. As the methodology for the assessment the technique applied in the ELSUS 1000 project was selected. The micro-regions of Hungary were identified where mass movements contribute to land degradation. The paper provides a statistical evaluation of the distribution of landslides, depicts landslide susceptibility on maps and reveals the role of anthropogenic factors in the generation of mass movements. The mid-resolution elevation model (SRTM1), land cover data (CLC50) and surface geology database (Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary) allowed for the derivation of a landslide susceptibility map more detailed than before. Along with its background information the map reflects and explains the differences in landslide susceptibility among the individual hilly and mountainous regions.
A novel approach of mapping landscape aesthetic value and its validation with rural tourism data
Authors: Lontai-Szilágyi Zsuzsanna , Bertalan-Balázs Boglárka , Zsiros Bernadett , Vasvári Mária , Kumar Singh Sudhir , Nilanchal Patel , Martonné Erdős Katalin , Szabó Szilárd
Published: October 2019

Landscape aesthetic research that emerged from the second half of the 20th century has become increasingly appreciated and popular in the last few decades. There are two main reasons for this. On the one hand, it was recognized the role of landscape aesthetics in land use and environmental planning, management and conservation. On the other hand, its definition among Cultural Ecosystem Services has made it clear that landscape aesthetics has significant impact on human well-being and there is a need to examine it in the concept of Ecosystem Services and, in particular, Cultural Ecosystem Services (CES). The mapping of landscape aesthetics is mostly based on the exclusive evaluation of objective, biophysical landscape factors. The aim of the research was to create the landscape aesthetic map of Hungary with a novel method based on human perception. For this, a questionnaire survey and a GIS approach were used. In order to better understand the role of factors influencing the aesthetic value of the landscape, value maps separately for land cover and elevation that are decisive for the landscape experience were prepared. To validate the results of the maps, and contribute a better understanding of the interrelationship between CES, a certain tourism product was chosen, and the connection between landscape aesthetics and the offer of rural tourism was examined in Hungary and in the Danube Bend priority tourism development area. Our findings show that there is a difference in the results of the objective (GIS-based) and subjective (questionnaire-based) assessment of landscape aesthetic value with the more important role of elevation in the latter. According to our tourism product-based analysis, which represents a niche approach in its kind, landscape values are higher in the areas with rural accommodation. At the same time, based on the results of the Danube Bend region, it can also be concluded that elevation and land cover together are crucial factors in landscapes considered to be the most valuable in aesthetic terms. The most direct practical application of our research is to orientate further tourism development of the new Danube Bend area designated in 2017.
The p75NTR Influences Cerebellar Circuit Development and Adult Behavior via Regulation of Cell Cycle Duration of Granule Cell Progenitors
Authors: Zanin Juan P. , Verpeut Jessica L. , Li Ying , Shiflett Michael W. , Wang Samuel S.-H. , Santhakumar Viji , Friedman Wilma J.
Published: October 2019

Development of brain circuitry requires precise regulation and timing of proliferation and differentiation of neural progenitor cells. The p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) is highly expressed in the proliferating granule cell precursors (GCPs) during development of the cerebellum. In a previous paper, we showed that proNT3 promoted GCP cell cycle exit via p75NTR. Here we used genetically modified rats and mice of both sexes to show that p75NTR regulates the duration of the GCP cell cycle, requiring activation of RhoA. Rats and mice lacking p75NTR have dysregulated GCP proliferation, with deleterious effects on cerebellar circuit development and behavioral consequences persisting into adulthood. In the absence of p75NTR, the GCP cell cycle is accelerated, leading to delayed cell cycle exit, prolonged GCP proliferation, increased glutamatergic input to Purkinje cells, and a deficit in delay eyeblink conditioning, a cerebellum-dependent form of learning. These results demonstrate the necessity of appropriate developmental timing of the cell cycle for establishment of proper connectivity and associated behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe cerebellum has been shown to be involved in numerous behaviors in addition to its classic association with motor function. Cerebellar function is disrupted in a variety of psychiatric disorders, including those on the autism spectrum. Here we show that the p75 neurotrophin receptor, which is abundantly expressed in the proliferating cerebellar granule cell progenitors, regulates the cell cycle of these progenitors. In the absence of this receptor, the cell cycle is dysregulated, leading to excessive progenitor proliferation, which alters the balance of inputs to Purkinje cells, disrupting the circuitry and leading to functional deficits that persist into adulthood.
Functional Localization of the Frontal Eye Fields in the Common Marmoset Using Microstimulation
Authors: Selvanayagam Janahan , Johnston Kevin D. , Schaeffer David J. , Hayrynen Lauren K. , Everling Stefan
Published: October 2019

The frontal eye field (FEF) is a critical region for the deployment of overt and covert spatial attention. Although investigations in the macaque continue to provide insight into the neural underpinnings of the FEF, due to its location within a sulcus, the macaque FEF is virtually inaccessible to electrophysiological techniques such as high-density and laminar recordings. With a largely lissencephalic cortex, the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) is a promising alternative primate model for studying FEF microcircuitry. Putative homologies have been established with the macaque FEF on the basis of cytoarchitecture and connectivity; however, physiological investigation in awake, behaving marmosets is necessary to physiologically locate this area. Here, we addressed this gap using intracortical microstimulation in a broad range of frontal cortical areas in three adult marmosets (two males, one female). We implanted marmosets with 96-channel Utah arrays and applied microstimulation trains while they freely viewed video clips. We evoked short-latency fixed vector saccades at low currents (<50 μA) in areas 45, 8aV, 8C, and 6DR. We observed a topography of saccade direction and amplitude consistent with findings in macaques and humans: small saccades in ventrolateral FEF and large saccades combined with contralateral neck and shoulder movements encoded in dorsomedial FEF. Our data provide compelling evidence supporting homology between marmoset and macaque FEF and suggest that the marmoset is a useful primate model for investigating FEF microcircuitry and its contributions to oculomotor and cognitive functions.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe frontal eye field (FEF) is a critical cortical region for overt and covert spatial attention. The microcircuitry of this area remains poorly understood because in the macaque, the most commonly used model, it is embedded within a sulcus and is inaccessible to modern electrophysiological and imaging techniques. The common marmoset is a promising alternative primate model due to its lissencephalic cortex and potential for genetic manipulation. However, evidence for homologous cortical areas in this model remains limited and unclear. Here, we applied microstimulation in frontal cortical areas in marmosets to physiologically identify FEF. Our results provide compelling evidence for an FEF in the marmoset and suggest that the marmoset is a useful model for investigating FEF microcircuitry.
The Magnitude ofCandida albicansStress-Induced Genome Instability Results from an Interaction Between Ploidy and Antifungal Drugs
Authors: Avramovska Ognenka , Hickman Meleah A
Published: October 2019

Organismal ploidy and environmental stress impact the rates and types of mutational events. The opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, serves as a clinically relevant model for studying the interaction between eukaryotic ploidy and drug-induced mutagenesis. In this study, we compared the rates and types of genome perturbations in diploid and tetraploid C. albicans following exposure to two different classes of antifungal drugs; azoles and echinocandins. We measured mutations at three different scales: point mutation, loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH), and total DNA content for cells exposed to fluconazole and caspofungin. We found that caspofungin induced higher mutation rates than fluconazole, although this is likely an indirect consequence of stress-associated cell wall perturbations, rather than an inherent genotoxicity. Surprisingly, we found that antifungal drugs disproportionately elevated genome and ploidy instability in tetraploid C. albicans compared to diploids. Taken together, our results suggest that the magnitude of stress-induced mutagenesis results from an interaction between ploidy and antifungal drugs. These findings have both clinical and evolutionary implications for how fungal pathogens generate mutations in response to antifungal drug stress and how these mutations may facilitate the emergence of drug resistance.
Scalable Nonparametric Prescreening Method for Searching Higher-Order Genetic Interactions Underlying Quantitative Traits
Authors: Kontio Juho A J , Sillanpää Mikko J
Published: October 2019

The Gaussian process (GP) regression is theoretically capable of capturing higher-order gene-by-gene interactions important to trait variation non-exhaustively with high accuracy. Unfortunately, GP approach is scalable only for 100-200 genes and thus, not applicable for high...

Gaussian process (GP)-based automatic relevance determination (ARD) is known to be an efficient technique for identifying determinants of gene-by-gene interactions important to trait variation. However, the estimation of GP models is feasible only for low-dimensional datasets (∼200 variables), which severely limits application of the GP-based ARD method for high-throughput sequencing data. In this paper, we provide a nonparametric prescreening method that preserves virtually all the major benefits of the GP-based ARD method and extends its scalability to the typical high-dimensional datasets used in practice. In several simulated test scenarios, the proposed method compared favorably with existing nonparametric dimension reduction/prescreening methods suitable for higher-order interaction searches. As a real-data example, the proposed method was applied to a high-throughput dataset downloaded from the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) with measured expression levels of 16,976 genes (after preprocessing) from patients diagnosed with acute myeloid leukemia.
Communications Between Organizations and Their Markets in Emerging Economies: a Research Agenda
Authors: Schultz Don E.
Published: October 2019

Most marketing, and particularly marketing communications concepts and approaches, have been developed and codified in western economies. Academicians and professionals have then tried to export those concepts to emerging markets, often with little success. In this paper, we argue many of those concepts are not applicable or relevant for the emerging economies around the world. Yet, due to the constrained and controlled nature of academic publishing, little new information has been developed or distributed on the differences and needs of scholars and professionals in emerging economies. This paper suggests a new marketing communications research agenda for emerging economies based on four specific areas: (1) consumers and consumer behaviors, (2) brands and branding, (3) communication content and context and (4) emerging communication delivery systems. The authors encourage editors of academic journals to recognize the need and be more open to emerging economy research and papers.
Adverse Effects of Transaction Costs in East European Economies
Authors: Todorova Tamara
Published: October 2019

Abstract. At a given level of technology the gross aggregate production function lies above the net aggregate production function where the difference represents the aggregate transaction costs in the economy. Transitional economies facing serious institutional impediments to creating a smoothly functioning market mechanism are faced with sizable transaction costs. We use a net production function model enhanced by Furubotn and Richter and apply it conceptually to the case of transitional economies. We find that at a particular level of a community isoprofit line much less output will be supplied compared to developed market economies with mature market institutions. The aim of the paper is to trace the falling output and the deep structural problems of East European economies to the effect of transaction costs and institutional building. The more rapidly transaction costs grow, the less the firms would be willing to pay for inputs. Furthermore, we find that certain markets tend to disappear in emerging economies due to the adverse effects of transaction costs. As a safeguard to precontractual opportunism and prevention to ex post transaction costs, ex ante transaction costs would play a more vital role in East European societies.
State Ownership and Firm Performance: Evidence From the Chinese Listed Firms
Authors: Le Trien , Chizema Amon
Published: October 2019

Based on a sample of Chinese listed firms, this paper seeks to understand the role of state ownership on firm performance (accounting-based returns) and firm value (market-based indicators). Results show that state ownership is positively associated with firm performance. In addition, state ownership has a moderating effect on the association between firm performance and firm value. At low levels of state ownership, firm performance is negatively associated with firm value. However, at high levels of state ownership, the association becomes positive. Drawing on signaling theory, the study helps to understand the role of state ownership in the association between firm performance and firm value, an area that has received minimum attention in research.Specifically, state ownership may be a strategic asset for Chinese listed firms boosting accounting returns but perceived differently by the market.Given the current levels of state ownership in many transitional economies, this study sheds light for policy makers on the effects of high or low levels of state ownership on firm performance and value. Moreover, the study may assist would-be investors who may contemplate investing in privatized SOEs, in China or other countries with similar institutional arrangements.
Public Expenditure on Capital Formation and Private Sector Productivity Growth: Evidence From Lithuania and the Euro Area
Authors: Žemgulienė Jolanta
Published: October 2019

This paper explores a relationship between government expenditure on fixed capital formation and private sector productivity in Lithuania and Euro area economies. The extent to which variations of productivity in private Lithuanian economy can be explained by the flow of government expenditure on gross capital formation is estimated from regression analysis based on Cobb-Douglas production function approach. Quarterly state-level data from Lithuania and pooled data from the Euro area countries (12 countries) for the period of 2000 – 2010 were used. The regression estimation indicates the insignificant result for the impact of volume of government expenditure on fixed capital formation on the private sector output growth. Empirical analysis also revealed the negative significant result for the government expenditure on fixed capital formation as a share of GDPfor both the Lithuania and Euro area countries.
Factors Influencing Investment Decisions in Capital Market: a Study of Individual Investors in Nigeria
Authors: Obamuyi Tomola Marshal
Published: October 2019

The study seeks to determine the main factors influencing investment decisions of investors and how these factors are related to the investors’ socio-economic characteristics in the Nigerian Capital Market. The study covers individual investors using convenient sampling method to obtain information from 297 respondents through a modified questionnaire developed by Al-Tamimi (2005). Independent t- test, Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc tests were employed. The results indicate that the five most influencing factors on investment decisions of investors in Nigeria are past performance of the company’s stock, expected stock split/capital increases/bonus, dividend policy, expected corporate earnings and get-rich-quick. Also, the five least influencing factors include religions, rumors, loyalty to the company’s products/services, opinions of members of the family and expected losses in other investments. The study finds that the socio-economic characteristics of investors (age, gender, marital status and educational qualifications) statistically and significantly influenced the investment decisions of investors in Nigeria. With regard to the past performance of the company’s stock as an assessing factor, groups of investors statistically differed in factor assessment, as segments of a group considered the factor as the most important/unimportant. Since the identified most influencing factors are usually classified as wealth maximising factors, the study recommends that the investment climate and the market environment be made friendly and conducive to attract investors by creatively developing programmes and policies that impact on investors’ decisions in order to maximise the value of the firms and enhance the wealth of the investors. The market players should re-organise the market and implement accommodating policies which will eliminate fraud and resolve the leadership crisis in the market.
Cultural Aspects of Compulsive Buying in Emerging and Developed Economies: a Cross Cultural Study in Compulsive Buying
Authors: Horváth Csilla , Adigüzel Feray , Herk Hester Van
Published: October 2019

Although several studies focused on understanding of compulsive buying in developed countries, this phenomenon remains understudied in other parts of the world. This is rather surprising since there is an increasing interest in understanding shopping behavior of consumers in emergent markets due to the growing importance of these markets. The main reason for the limited attention to compulsive buying in emerging countries is the lack of cross-culturally validated scales.

In response to these calls, this paper tests measurement invariance of two prominent compulsive buying scales – the Compulsive Buying Scale (CBS) and the Compulsive Buying Index (CBI) in Western (Spain and the Netherlands) and emerging (Russia and Turkey) economies. In case of lack of invariance the reasons in terms of socio-cultural factors and country conditions are explained.

The results establish the partial measurement invariance of the CBI but not the CBS. So, to study the antecedents and consequences of compulsive buying in cross-cultural contexts, the CBI is sufficient. The varying credit card ownership and usage, and different gender roles of women across countries appear to be the main reasons for lack of measurement invariance of the CBS. The percentages of compulsive buyers in emerging countries are lower than those in developed countries.
The Development of Russian Multinational Enterprises From the 1990s to the Present
Authors: Zubkovskaya Anna , Michailova Snejina
Published: October 2019

While the internationalization of Russian multinational enterprises (MNEs) has increased significantly since the early 2000s, this phenomenon has attracted limited attention among scholars. In the present paper we examine the key characteristics of Russian MNEs and use the literature on emerging market multinationals and Dunning’s OLI paradigm to trace Russian MNEs’ development from the 1990s to the present. We analyze this development, particularly in regard to ownership structure, location choices, entry modes, and motives to internationalize. We analyze how Russian MNEs have evolved into powerful entities and contributed to Russia’s modernization and integration into the global economy.
Utilizing the Concept of Convenience as a Business Opportunity in Emerging Markets
Authors: Sundström Malin , Radon Anita
Published: October 2019

Non-store retailing is dominated by the Internet and is a potential strategy for manufacturers, brand owners, and retailers entering emerging markets. Consumers in developed markets shop online for a variety of retail goods, and motives for choosing e-commerce are often referred to as convenience reason. Convenience is essential for understanding why consumers prefer one channel to another. By revisiting the concept of convenience as a significant variable in e-commerce and exploring its complexity and the multiple meanings of the concept with regard to emerging markets, the paper considers a business opportunity in terms of new ways of reaching emerging markets and proposes potential lines for future research with regard to this concept.
Comparison of Premiums of Chinese and European Companies in Mergers and Acquisitions in Europe
Authors: Urbšienė Laimutė , Nemunaitytė Viktorija , Zatulinas Artūras
Published: October 2019

The goal of the study is to analyse whether Chinese Mainland companies were paying higher premiums for similar target companies in Europe in comparison with Europe-based companies during the period of 2000-2013. To determine the difference between premiums paid by Chinese and European companies, two samples were analysed: one represented all Chinese acquisitions in Europe which matched the set criteria, another included comparable European targets acquired by European companies. Quantitative research methods were applied to measure statistical difference in the premiums of the two samples. Results of the research indicate that the average premiums paid by Chinese companies are double the size of the European acquisition premiums for the similar target company in Europe. Significant evidence suggests that premiums of Chinese and European companies for similar targets in Europe are not equal.
Profile and Career Aspiration of Malaysian Returnees
Authors: Ismail Maimunah , Baki Nordahlia Umar , Kamaruddin Noor Ainun Yeop
Published: October 2019

This study examined profiles and predictors of career aspiration of Malaysian returnees from European and non-European countries. This study, involving 226 returnees, was carried out in the industrialized areas of the Klang Valley, Johore Bharu and Penang, and the state of Sabah. Based on the Social Cognitive Career Theory and the Chaos Theory of Careers the study derived personal and environmental factors within the major groups of push-pull factors that served as the predictors. Most returnees from Europe came back from the United Kingdom while Australia, Saudi Arabia, Japan, Korea and the United States were the host countries outside Europe. A regression analysis showed the explanatory power of career aspiration for returnees from European countries was higher (33.9%) than that of returnees from non-European countries (29.1%). Push political and pull social factors were significant for the former, whereas push social, pull personal and pull family factors were stronger for the latter ones. The implications of these findings for human resource practices and suggestions for future research are discussed.
The Role of Familial Trust in the Leader-member Exchange
Authors: Štangej Olga , Škudienė Vida
Published: October 2019

Drawing on the study of micro and small family businesses in a transition economy, this research explores the effects of trust transferred from the family to the business system. Specifically, it examines how the leader’s interpersonal trust in the member affects the quality of the leader-member exchange (LMX) in familial dyads. The results reveal that interpersonal trust has a positive effect on LMX and the degree of this association depends on the leader’s orientation. This relationship is strengthened by the leader’s orientation, however, only in the case when the orientation is family-centric. The moderating effect is not statistically significant when the leader adopts business-centric orientation.
Energy Security: Shaping the Consumer Decision Making Process in Emerging Economies
Authors: Loper Taran , Cri enden Victoria L.
Published: October 2019

Energy security is a universal concern among all countries, with all nations struggling for a sustainable solution. Solar technologies are a particularly beneficial utility for emerging economies due to both geography and affordability. Solar Photovoltaics (PV) is one of the highest potential growth markets in emerging economies due to the ability for small-scale systems to be placed on residential rooftops. Distribution of PV to individual homeowners is a new buying and selling process for what has traditionally been a business-to-business marketplace. Because the consumer market is at an infant stage in emerging economies, the messages that PV companies send to consumers will ultimately shape consumer perception about renewable energy. Through content analysis of websites from 12 companies in two of the BRICS markets, this research explores the similarities and differences with regard to consumer-facing messages among companies of various sizes in the two markets.
Nostalgia May Not Work for Everyone: the Case of Innovative Consumers
Authors: Barauskaitė Dovilė , Gineikienė Justina
Published: October 2019

In recent years, marketers have widely used nostalgia in their marketing strategies. However, little research has focused on understanding whether consumer responses to nostalgic communication are always positive. Seeking to fill this gap and referring to social identity theoretical framework, current research examines the relationship between nostalgia, innovativeness and consumer purchasing decisions. Empirical results demonstrate that innovativeness and nostalgia might indeed act in opposite directions. Managerial implications of the findings are considered and directions for future research suggested.
Economic Implications of Ageing Lithuanian Population
Authors: Kasnauskienė Gindra , Andriuškaitė Marija
Published: October 2019

Increased life expectancy combined with declining birth rates and massive emigration flows have caused many to worry about the various impacts of an ageing population in Lithuania. This suggests a very big increase in the dependency ratio and is consequently a cause for concern about a future slowing of economic growth. However, there is little research carried out regarding economic or financial effects of this phenomenon in the country. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the impact of Lithuanian ageing population on economic variables. A new research design is implemented by using VAR and ARMAX models to compare two different approaches, treating ageing as an endogenous and exogenous variable. The authors find that old age dependency ratio has no statistically significant impact on Lithuania’s GDP growth, employment rate, final household consumption and gross national savings in the short run. The results achieved can be explained by incomplete and only short run data available for Lithuania. Also, joining the EU and other favorable economic conditions might have boosted Lithuania’s economic performance over the whole research period and significantly reduced the negative effects of ageing population. However, the impact of shifts in the structure of population age might soon come into effect, as Lithuania‘s society is gathering the pace of ageing, which is also seen in other emerging markets that are progressing toward becoming advanced.
Factors Affecting C02 Emission in Vietnam: a Panel Data Analysis
Authors: Thanh Le Trung , Khuong Nguyen Duc
Published: October 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the major factors in the process of economic growth that influence the carbon dioxide (CO2) emission in Vietnam. An Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model was used to evaluate the impact based on Environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) and Pollution haven hypothesis (PHH) in 1990–2011. The results indicate that the economic growth, energy consumption, financial development and trade openness  positively influence the CO2 emissions, whereas foreign direct investment has a negative impact in the short term. Coefficient of joining ASEAN is not statistically significant. The findings of this study also support the validity of EKC and PHH in the Vietnamese economy. Therefore, it is important to use green energy, examine requirements for foreign investment and adopt trade-related measures and policies to increase environmental protection.
Transcutaneous Bilirubinometry: Preliminary Studies of Noninvasive Transcutaneous Bilirubin Meter in the Okayama National Hospital
Authors: Yamanouchi Itsuro , Yamauchi Yoshitada , Igarashi Ikuko
Published: October 2019

A new noninvasive bilirubinometer (Tc BM), which measures transcutaneous bilirubin level of the newborn, was developed as a joint effort by the present authors and the Minolta Camera Company, Ltd. A series of linear relationships were found to exist between total serum bilirubin concentration and yellowish skin color intensity in both term and low-birth-weight infants of Japanese ancestry. The instrument was examined for precision, accuracy, and technique-dependence. From these resulting relationships, it can be concluded that the transcutaneous bilirubin measurement is precise and accurate, and will become an alternative to the routine procedures used to measure serum bilirubin concentration in the near future. Although the values obtained during phototherapy or postexchange stage do not correlate well with serum bilirubin measurement, transcutaneous bilirubin will be accepted by the general nursery staffs because of its potential screening value.
Observations of Paternal Response to Sudden Unanticipated Infant Death
Authors: Mandell Frederick , McAnulty Elizabeth , Reece Robert M.
Published: October 2019

Support provided to families experiencing the loss of an infant to sudden infant death syndrome has focused on the description of maternal bonding and the consequences to the mother. However fathers also develop significant relationships with their infants, and their responses to the unanticipated loss of their children may be different than those of mothers. In this study 28 fathers who lost infants to SIDS appeared to have identifiable patterns of behavior which were more peculiar to men: (1) the necessity to "keep busy" with increased work; (2) feelings of diminished self-worth; (3) self-blame because of lack of "care" involvement; and (4) a limited ability to ask for help. That men should be stoic and less emotional and that one need not be concerned with the reactions of fathers appears to be a reflection of societal attitudes. However, these paternal behaviors, which emerge at a time of crisis and which obstruct full expression of grief, may unwittingly be promoted by medical and health care providers who are anxious to help fathers fulfill societal expectations of masculine strength.
Increased Lead Absorption in Inner City Children: Where Does the Lead Come From?
Authors: Charney Evan , Sayre James , Coulter Molly
Published: October 2019

Pica for lead-containing paint has been questioned as the principal mechanism for the widespread moderately elevated blood lead levels (30 to 80 µg/l00 ml) in inner city children. This study explored the hypothesis that lead-contaminated household dust is a major source of lead for these children; hand contamination and repetitive mouthing is the proposed mechanism of ingestion. Forty-nine inner city children with blood lead 40 to 70 µg/100 ml were matched with 50 children with blood lead ≤29 µg/100 ml from the same inner city environment. House dust lead and lead on hands were found in significantly greater quantity among experimental subjects. Other factors differed between groups; lead content of peeling paint, soil lead, and pica affected more experimental than control children, but did not account for more than 50% of experimental cases. The cause of moderate blood lead elevation is multifactoral: no single source accounted for all children with elevated levels. However, lead contamination of house dust and hands appears to be a major factor in this condition.
Resurgence of Nutritional Rickets Associated with Breast-Feeding and Special Dietary Practices
Authors: Edidin Deborah V. , Levitsky Lynne L. , Schey William , Dumbovic Nives , Campos Alfonso
Published: October 2019

Ten cases of nutritional rickets seen over a 10-month period are reviewed. The salient clinical features are summarized, and the striking association with unsupplemented breast-feeding, fad diets, and lack of immunizations is discussed. The importance of recognizing such associated practices for purposes of early diagnosis and intervention is stressed.
AS OTHERS SEE THEMSELVES
Authors: P. A. G. S.
Published: October 2019

"... We talk abut feeling liverish or having heartburn or chills on the kidney, but all these visceral images have to be invented, and our only source of information for the inventions is what we have been told. We reconstruct our insides from pictures in advertisements for patent medicines, from haif-remembered school science, from pieces of offal on butchers' slabs and all sorts of medical folklore.

These promptings may account for the otherwise inexplicable fact that the French seem to have far more trouble with their liver than the English do. It is hard to believe that this organ is so much more threatened in France than it is in England, in spite of what we have been told about their drinking habits. It seems more reasonable to assume that the French interpret their symptoms in the light of a national fantasy about the liver and unconsciously reshape their sensations in terms of this phantom organ. The English, on the other hand, are obsessed with their bowels. When an Englishman complains about constipation, you never know whether he is talking about his regularity, his lassitude, his headaches, or his depression. Once an organ gains a hold on the collective imagination, its influence is almost invariably exaggerated and a wide range of symptoms are explained in terms of it."
Comparative Study of Diagnostic Procedures for Congenital Cytomegalovirus Infection
Authors: Stagno Sergio , Pass R. F. , Reynolds D. W. , Moore M. A. , Nahmias A. J. , Alford C. A.
Published: October 2019

In a prospective study the incidence of congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection was 2.2% (31 of 1,412) as evidenced by viruria during the first week of life. Among immunoserologic methods used to screen these neonates, the rheumatoid factor test, although non-specific, proved to be the most convenient; its sensitivity for identifying infants with CMV infection was 35% to 45% with no false-positives. The rates for correct and incorrect identification of neonates at risk was, respectively, 33% and 3.1% when testing for increased levels of IgM; 5% and 10% when testing for increased levels of IgA; 76% and 21% when testing for IgM anti-CMV (IgM immunofluorescent test) antibody, and 0% when testing for IgA anti-CMV antibody. Rapid virologic diagnosis was achieved by assessing urine specimens. Confirmation by electron microscopy was possible in less than one hour in 92% of cases. The detection of early induced CMV-specific nuclear antigens by anticomplement immunofluorescence was diagnostic in 91% of cases within one day of inoculation of specimens in tissue culture. Infectivity of CMV in urine was well preserved for at least seven days at 4 C. Thus, in order to achieve a rapid diagnosis of congenital CMV infection, in sick as well as asymptomatic neonates, urine specimens may, if necessary, be transported at 4 C to distant laboratories.
Outbreak of Amikacin-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in an Intensive Care Nursery
Authors: Cook Larry N. , Davis Ray S. , Stover Beth H.
Published: October 2019

An outbreak of amikacin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (KES) occurred in the Intensive Care Nursery (ICN) of the Louisville General Hospital from January 1978 through March 1978. Epidemic disease and an increased colonization rate in newborn infants due to amikacin-resistant microorganisms has not been documented previously. Three of the 11 neonates died. The organisms isolated were resistant to amikacin and two experimental aminoglycosides, sissomicin and netilmicin. The outbreak was contained following institution of several control measures, including pharyngeal inoculation of an experimental strain of α streptococcus in four infants.
Personality Development and Familial Dysautonomia
Authors: Clayson David , Welton Wooster , Axelrod Felicia Bliss
Published: October 2019

The study sought to establish baselines for personality and frequency of psychopathology in familial dysautonomia (FD). Fifty FD patients, aged 6 to 28 years, served as subjects. FD subjects in all age ranges manifest neurotic patterns, but show no greater incidence of more severe pathology than is found in the general population. The arrested psychologic development seen in FD is described, together with the phenomenon of periodic lapses in judgment. The organic impairment of cognitive functions is discussed. Recommendations for treatment are proposed.
Physical and Psychological Follow-up on Offspring of Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: Korsch Barbara M. , Klein Joyce D. , Negrete Vida Francis , Henderson Diane J. , Fine Richard N.
Published: October 2019

In light of concern regarding the effect of pregnancy on renal allograft recipients and the lack of information about their offspring, we studied ten infants born to eight allograft recipients (five female and three male). In all five female recipients, allograft function remained normal throughout pregnancy and the puerperium. Complications of pregnancy were minimal. Four patients were delivered by cesarean section, three for obstetrical reasons and one electively. Three often infants were premature births. There were no significant neonatal complications. At time of follow-up study, the offspring were 4 months to 6[unknown] years of age; physical examination was normal on all offspring. Developmental test results ranged from 82 to 131. Parents tended to be overly cautious and sought medical attention at the first sign of illness. Our data indicated no adverse effect on renal allograft function of the female recipients and no physical or developmental abnormalities in the offspring.
Hypochloremic Metabolic Alkalosis Following Tolazoline-Induced Gastric Hypersecretion
Authors: Adams James M. , Hyde William H. , Procianoy Renato S. , Rudolph Arnold J.
Published: October 2019

Gastric hypersecretion following administration of tolazoline resulted in severe hypochloremic alkalosis in an infant with persistent fetal circulation. An initial bolus injection of 2 mg/kg was followed by an infusion of 5 mg/kg/hr for 24 hours. The infusion was then maintained at 2 mg/kg/hr for the next four days. Volume of gastric secretions exceeded 25 ml/kg/24 hr. Weaning from tolazoline and replacement of chloride and potassium corrected the metabolic alkalosis.
Evaluation of the Free Erythrocyte Porphyrin (FEP) Test in a Private Practice: The Incidence of Iron Deficiency and Increased Lead Absorption in 9- to 13-Month-Old Infants
Authors: Dine Mark S.
Published: October 2019

With the free erythrocyte porphyrin (FEP)/hematocrit ratio as a screening test, three of 122 9- to 13-month-old children had iron deficiency (FEP 147 to 286 µg/100 ml of RBCs). The hematocrit alone could not identify these children. All three were drinking more than one quart of cow's milk per day. On follow-up examination of seven children with values of FEP of 100 to 140 µg/100 ml of RBCs, two became anemic and one demonstrated increased lead absorption. Children with values of FEP below 100 µg/100 ml of RBCs (2 SD above the mean) did not develop anemia. Teaching parents to restrict cow s milk intake below one quart per day could be an effective means of preventing iron deficiency as identified by FEP screening. The child with increased lead absorption could not have been recognized by hematocrit alone.