bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Calcaneal Spongy Bone Magnetic Resonance Characteristics in Women: A Comparison between Measures Obtained at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T
Authors: Capuani Silvia , Maiuro Alessandra , Giampà Emiliano , Montuori Marco , Varrucciu Viviana , Hagberg Gisela E. , Vinicola Vincenzo , Colonna Sergio
Published: May 2024

Background: There is a growing interest in bone tissue MRI and an even greater interest in using low-cost MR scanners. However, the characteristics of bone MRI remain to be fully defined, especially at low field strength. This study aimed to characterize the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), T2, and T2* in spongy bone at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. Furthermore, relaxation times were characterized as a function of bone-marrow lipid/water ratio content and trabecular bone density. Methods: Thirty-two women in total underwent an MR-imaging investigation of the calcaneus at 0.3 T, 1.5 T, and 3.0 T. MR-spectroscopy was performed at 3.0 T to assess the fat/water ratio. SNR, T2, and T2* were quantified in distinct calcaneal regions (ST, TC, and CC). ANOVA and Pearson correlation statistics were used. Results: SNR increase depends on the magnetic field strength, acquisition sequence, and calcaneal location. T2* was different at 3.0 T and 1.5 T in ST, TC, and CC. Relaxation times decrease as much as the magnetic field strength increases. The significant linear correlation between relaxation times and fat/water found in healthy young is lost in osteoporotic subjects. Conclusion: The results have implications for the possible use of relaxation vs. lipid/water marrow content for bone quality assessment and the development of quantitative MRI diagnostics at low field strength.
Enhancing Surgical Safety: Microbiological Air Control in Operating Theatres at University Medical Centre Maribor
Authors: Gradisnik Lidija , Bunc Gorazd , Ravnik Janez , Velnar Tomaz
Published: May 2024

Background: the aim of the study was to assess microbiological air quality in operating theatres by determining the level of microbiological contamination of the air and critical surfaces using the passive air sampling method and compliance of the operating theatre staff with infection control measures. Materials and methods: The prospective study was conducted in the surgical block of the University Medical Centre Maribor. For two months continuously, ten operating theatres were assessed for microbial contamination of air and surfaces during quiet and active times of the day. A passive air sampling method with Petri dishes on an agar specially adapted for this purpose (plate count agar) was used. In addition, ten surgical procedures were observed to assess staff compliance with recommended practises. Results: Air samples met microbiological standards in all operating theatres. In both sampling sessions of the day (quiet and active periods), microbial contamination of the air was always within the limit of 10 CFU/m3. The average number of bacterial colonies was zero to two during quiet phases and one to four during active phases. Approximately 60% of the isolates from the operating theatres belonged mainly to the genus Staphylococcus: S. epidermidis (36% of the isolates), S. hominis (17.5%) and S. haemolyticus (5.5%). The rest were identified as Streptococcus anginosus (23%) and Bacillus sp. (18%). Pathogenic bacteria and moulds were not present. In regard to staff compliance with good surgical practise, the former varied by behaviour and function, with non-compliance in pre-operative skin preparation and operating theatre congestion being notable. The cleanliness of the environment was satisfactory. Conclusions: Microbiological air control is extremely important for the safety and success of both surgical and postoperative practises. In spite of good results obtained in the study, further improvements in surgical staff compliance with good surgical practise are essential to reduce surgical site infections.
Does Elective Admission vs. Emergency Department Presentation Affect Surgical Outcomes in Metastatic Spine Surgery?
Authors: Zeoli Tyler , Chanbour Hani , Ahluwalia Ranbir , Abtahi Amir M. , Stephens Byron F. , Zuckerman Scott L.
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Approximately 20% of patients with metastatic spine disease develop symptomatic spinal cord compression, and these patients can present urgently to the emergency department (ED) or, in a more organized fashion, to a clinic. In a cohort of patients undergoing metastatic spine surgery, we sought to (1) determine the rate of ED presentation, (2) identify preoperative and perioperative risk factors associated with ED presentation, and (3) evaluate whether ED vs. clinic presentation impacts long-term outcomes. Methods: A single-institution, multi-surgeon, retrospective cohort study was undertaken of patients undergoing metastatic spinal tumor surgery between 02/2010 and 01/2021. The primary exposure variable was presentation setting, dichotomized to the ED vs. clinic. The primary outcomes were postoperative functional status, measured with the Karnofsky Performance Scale (KPS) and McCormick Scale (MMS), local recurrence (LR), and overall survival (OS). Secondary outcomes included complications and readmissions. Results: A total of 311 patients underwent metastatic spine surgery (51.7% ED vs. 48.3% clinic). Those presenting to the ED had higher rates of smoking (21.7% vs. 16.0%, p = 0.02), were more likely to have 2+ comorbidities (47.2% vs. 32.7%, p = 0.011), and were more likely to have public insurance (43.5% vs. 32.0%, p = 0.043). Preoperative KPS was lower in ED patients (p < 0.001), while the Bilsky score was higher (p = 0.049). ED patients had higher rates of oligometastatic disease (p = 0.049), higher total decompressed levels (p = 0.041), and higher rates of costotransversectomy (p = 0.031) compared to clinic patients. Length of stay was significantly longer for ED patients (7.7 ± 6.1 vs. 6.1 ± 5.8 days, p = 0.020), and they were less likely to be discharged home (52.2% vs. 69.3%, p = 0.025). ED presentation was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (HR =1.53 95% CI = 1.13–2.08, p = 0.006). Conclusions: Of patients undergoing metastatic spine disease, approximately half presented through the ED vs. clinic. ED patients had higher rates of smoking, public insurance, and higher Bilsky score. ED patients also underwent more extensive surgery, had longer LOS, were less likely discharged home, and most importantly, had a shorter overall survival. These results suggest that initial presentation for patients undergoing surgery for metastatic spine disease significantly impacts outcomes, and signs/symptoms of metastatic spine disease should be recognized as soon as possible to prevent ED presentation.
Chaff Cloud Integrated Communication and TT&C: An Integrated Solution for Single-Station Emergency Communications and TT&C in a Denied Environment
Authors: Ye Lvyang , Yang Yikang , Chen Binhu , Pan Deng , Yang Fan , Cao Shaojun , Yan Yangdong , Sun Fayu
Published: May 2024

In response to potential denial environments such as canyons, gullies, islands, and cities where users are located, traditional Telemetry, Tracking, and Command (TT&C) systems can still maintain core requirements such as availability, reliability, and sustainability in the face of complex electromagnetic environments and non-line-of-sight environments that may cause service degradation or even failure. This paper presents a single-station emergency solution that integrates communication and TT&C (IC&T) functions based on radar chaff cloud technology. Firstly, a suitable selection of frequency bands and modulation methods is provided for the emergency IC&T system to ensure compatibility with existing communication and TT&C systems while catering to the future needs of IC&T. Subsequently, theoretical analyses are conducted on the communication link transmission loss, data transmission, code tracking accuracy, and anti-multipath model of the emergency IC&T system based on the chosen frequency band and modulation mode. This paper proposes a dual-way asynchronous precision ranging and time synchronization (DWAPR&TS) system employing dual one-way ranging (DOWR) measurement, a dual-way asynchronous incoherent Doppler velocity measurement (DWAIDVM) system, and a single baseline angle measurement system. Next, we analyze the physical characteristics of the radar chaff and establish a dynamic model of spherical chaff cloud clusters based on free diffusion. Additionally, we provide the optimal strategy for deploying chaff cloud. Finally, the emergency IC&T application based on the radar chaff cloud relay is simulated, and the results show that for severe interference, taking drones as an example, under a measurement baseline of 100 km, the emergency IC&T solution proposed in this paper can achieve an accuracy range of approximately 100 m, a velocity accuracy of 0.1 m/s, and an angle accuracy of 0.1°. In comparison with existing TT&C system solutions, the proposed system possesses unique and potential advantages that the others do not have. It can serve as an emergency IC&T reference solution in denial environments, offering significant value for both civilian and military applications.
Leveraging Self-Distillation and Disentanglement Network to Enhance Visual–Semantic Feature Consistency in Generalized Zero-Shot Learning
Authors: Liu Xiaoming , Wang Chen , Yang Guan , Wang Chunhua , Long Yang , Liu Jie , Zhang Zhiyuan
Published: May 2024

Generalized zero-shot learning (GZSL) aims to simultaneously recognize both seen classes and unseen classes by training only on seen class samples and auxiliary semantic descriptions. Recent state-of-the-art methods infer unseen classes based on semantic information or synthesize unseen classes using generative models based on semantic information, all of which rely on the correct alignment of visual–semantic features. However, they often overlook the inconsistency between original visual features and semantic attributes. Additionally, due to the existence of cross-modal dataset biases, the visual features extracted and synthesized by the model may also mismatch with some semantic features, which could hinder the model from properly aligning visual–semantic features. To address this issue, this paper proposes a GZSL framework that enhances the consistency of visual–semantic features using a self-distillation and disentanglement network (SDDN). The aim is to utilize the self-distillation and disentanglement network to obtain semantically consistent refined visual features and non-redundant semantic features to enhance the consistency of visual–semantic features. Firstly, SDDN utilizes self-distillation technology to refine the extracted and synthesized visual features of the model. Subsequently, the visual–semantic features are then disentangled and aligned using a disentanglement network to enhance the consistency of the visual–semantic features. Finally, the consistent visual–semantic features are fused to jointly train a GZSL classifier. Extensive experiments demonstrate that the proposed method achieves more competitive results on four challenging benchmark datasets (AWA2, CUB, FLO, and SUN).
Parallel Spatio-Temporal Attention Transformer for Video Frame Interpolation
Authors: Ning Xin , Cai Feifan , Li Yuhang , Ding Youdong
Published: May 2024

Traditional video frame interpolation methods based on deep convolutional neural networks face challenges in handling large motions. Their performance is limited by the fact that convolutional operations cannot directly integrate the rich temporal and spatial information of inter-frame pixels, and these methods rely heavily on additional inputs such as optical flow to model motion. To address this issue, we develop a novel framework for video frame interpolation that uses Transformer to efficiently model the long-range similarity of inter-frame pixels. Furthermore, to effectively aggregate spatio-temporal features, we design a novel attention mechanism divided into temporal attention and spatial attention. Specifically, spatial attention is used to aggregate intra-frame information, integrating both attention and convolution paradigms through the simple mapping approach. Temporal attention is used to model the similarity of pixels on the timeline. This design achieves parallel processing of these two types of information without extra computational cost, aggregating information in the space–time dimension. In addition, we introduce a context extraction network and multi-scale prediction frame synthesis network to further optimize the performance of the Transformer. Our method and state-of-the-art methods are extensively quantitatively and qualitatively experimented on various benchmark datasets. On the Vimeo90K and UCF101 datasets, our model achieves improvements of 0.09 dB and 0.01 dB in the PSNR metrics over UPR-Net-large, respectively. On the Vimeo90K dataset, our model outperforms FLAVR by 0.07 dB, with only 40.56% of its parameters. The qualitative results show that for complex and large-motion scenes, our method generates sharper and more realistic edges and details.
The Past, Present, and Future of the Internet: A Statistical, Technical, and Functional Comparison of Wired/Wireless Fixed/Mobile Internet
Authors: Shirvani Moghaddam Shahriar
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the quantitative and qualitative situation of the current fixed and mobile Internet and its expected future. It provides a detailed insight into the past, present, and future of the Internet along with the development of technology and the problems that have arisen in accessing and using broadband Internet. First, the number of users and penetration rate of the Internet, the various types of services in different countries, the ranking of countries in terms of the mean and median download and upload Internet data speeds, Internet data volume, and number and location of data centers in the world are presented. The second task introduces and details twelve performance evaluation metrics for broadband Internet access. Third, different wired and wireless Internet technologies are introduced and compared based on data rate, coverage, type of infrastructure, and their advantages and disadvantages. Based on the technical and functional criteria, in the fourth work, two popular wired and wireless Internet platforms, one based on optical fiber and the other based on the 5G cellular network, are compared in the world in general and Australia in particular. Moreover, this paper has a look at Starlink as the latest satellite Internet candidate, especially for rural and remote areas. The fifth task outlines the latest technologies and emerging broadband Internet-based services and applications in the spotlight. Sixthly, it focuses on three problems in the future Internet in the world, namely the digital divide due to the different qualities of available Internet and new Internet-based services and applications of emerging technologies, the impact of the Internet on social interactions, and hacking and insecurity on the Internet. Finally, some solutions to these problems are proposed.
Validation of Value-Driven Token Economy: Focus on Blockchain Content Platform
Authors: Kim Young Sook , Hong Seng-Phil , Majer Marko
Published: May 2024

This study explores the architectural framework of a value-driven token economy on a blockchain content platform and critically evaluates the relationship between blockchain’s decentralization and sustainable economic practices. The existing literature often glorifies the rapid market expansion of cryptocurrencies but overlooks how underlying blockchain technology can fundamentally enhance content platforms through a more structured user engagement and equitable reward system. This study proposes a new token economy architecture by adopting the triple-bottom -line (TBL) framework and validates its practicality and effectiveness through an analytic-hierarchy-process (AHP) survey of industry experts. The study shows that the most influential factor in a successful token economy is not profit maximization but fostering a user-centric community where engagement and empowerment are prioritized. This shift can be expected to combine blockchain technology with meaningful economic innovation by challenging traditional profit-driven business models and refocusing on sustainability and user value.
The Dynamics of Fire Activity in the Brazilian Pantanal: A Log-Gaussian Cox Process-Based Structural Decomposition
Authors: Valente Fernanda , Laurini Márcio
Published: May 2024

We present a novel statistical methodology for analyzing shifts in spatio-temporal fire occurrence patterns within the Brazilian Pantanal, utilizing remote sensing data. Our approach employs a Log-Gaussian Cox Process to model the spatiotemporal dynamics of fire occurrence, deconstructing the intensity function into components of trend, seasonality, cycle, covariates, and time-varying spatial effects components. The results indicate a negative correlation between rainfall and fire intensity, with lower precipitation associated with heightened fire intensity. Forest formations exhibit a positive effect on fire intensity, whereas agricultural land use shows no significant impact. Savannas and grasslands, typical fire-dependent ecosystems, demonstrate a positive relationship with fire intensity. Human-induced fires, often used for agricultural purposes, contribute to an increase in both fire frequency and intensity, particularly in grassland areas. Trend analysis reveals fluctuating fire activity over time, with notable peaks in 2018–2021.
Time-Varying Function Matrix Projection Synchronization of Caputo Fractional-Order Uncertain Memristive Neural Networks with Multiple Delays via Mixed Open Loop Feedback Control and Impulsive Control
Authors: Fan Hongguang , Rao Yue , Shi Kaibo , Wen Hui
Published: May 2024

This paper shows solicitude for the generalized projective synchronization of Caputo fractional-order uncertain memristive neural networks (FOUMNNs) with multiple delays. By extending the constant scale factor to the time-varying function matrix, we establish an extraordinary synchronization mode called time-varying function matrix projection synchronization (TFMPS), which is a generalized version of traditional matrix projection synchronization, modified projection synchronization, complete synchronization, and anti-synchronization. To achieve the goal of TFMPS, we design a novel mixed controller including the open loop feedback control and impulsive control, which employs the state information in the time-delayed interval and the sampling information at the impulse instants. It has a prominent advantage that impulse intervals are not restricted by time delays. To establish the connection between the error system and the auxiliary system, a generalized fractional-order comparison theorem with time-varying coefficients and impulses is established. Applying the stability theory, the comparison theorem, and the Laplace transform, new synchronization criteria of FOUMNNs are acquired under the mixed impulsive control schemes, and the derived synchronization theorem and corollary can effectively expand the correlative synchronization achievements of fractional-order systems.
Comparative Genome-Wide Alternative Splicing Analysis between Preadipocytes and Adipocytes
Authors: Hou Zhongyi , Li Xin , Xu Maosheng , Meng Shengbo , Xu Huifen , Li Ming , Cai Hanfang
Published: May 2024

Alternative splicing is a ubiquitous regulatory mechanism in gene expression that allows a single gene to generate multiple messenger RNAs (mRNAs). Adipocyte development is regulated by many processes, and recent studies have found that splicing factors also play an important role in adipogenic development. In the present study, we further investigated the differences in selective shearing during different periods of adipocyte differentiation. We identified five alternative splicing types including skipped exon, mutually exclusive exon, Alternative 5′ splice site, Alternative 3′ splice site, and Retained intron, with skipped exons being the most abundant type of selective shearing. In total, 641 differentially expressed selective shearing genes were obtained, enriched in 279 pathways, from which we selected and verified the accuracy of the sequencing results. Overall, RNA-seq revealed changes in the splicing and expression levels of these new candidate genes between precursor adipocytes and adipocytes, suggesting that they may be involved in adipocyte generation and differentiation.
Establishing a Standardized DNA Extraction Method Using NaCl from Oral Mucosa Cells for Its Application in Imprinting Diseases Such as Prader–Willi and Angelman Syndromes: A Preliminary Investigation
Authors: da Fonseca Letícia Lopes Cabral Guimarães , Rocha Danielle Nascimento , Cintra Hiago Azevedo , de Araújo Luiza Loureiro , dos Santos Gabrielle Leal Monteiro , de Faria Leonardo Lima , Salú Margarida dos Santos , Leite Silvia Helena dos Santos , Rocha Adriana Duarte , Lopes Maria da Conceição Borges , Ferreira Igor Ribeiro , Gomes Leonardo Henrique Ferreira , Guida Letícia Cunha
Published: May 2024

Background: Diagnosing imprinting defects in neonates and young children presents challenges, often necessitating molecular analysis for a conclusive diagnosis. The isolation of genetic material from oral swabs becomes crucial, especially in settings where blood sample collection is impractical or for vulnerable populations like newborns, who possess limited blood volumes and are often too fragile for invasive procedures. Oral swab samples emerge as an excellent source of DNA, effectively overcoming obstacles associated with rare diseases. Methods: In our study, we specifically addressed the determination of the quality and quantity of DNA extracted from oral swab samples using NaCl procedures. Results: We compared these results with extractions performed using a commercial kit. Subsequently, the obtained material underwent MS–HRM analysis for loci associated with imprinting diseases such as Prader–Willi and Angelman syndromes. Conclusions: Our study emphasizes the significance of oral swab samples as a reliable source for obtaining DNA for MS–HRM analysis. NaCl extraction stands out as a practical and cost-effective method for genetic studies, contributing to a molecular diagnosis that proves particularly beneficial for patients facing delays in characterization, ultimately influencing their treatment.
Whole-Transcriptome Analysis Sheds Light on the Biological Contexts of Intramuscular Fat Deposition in Ningxiang Pigs
Authors: Jin Zhao , Gao Hu , Fu Yawei , Ren Ruimin , Deng Xiaoxiao , Chen Yue , Hou Xiaohong , Wang Qian , Song Gang , Fan Ningyu , Ma Haiming , Yin Yulong , Xu Kang
Published: May 2024

The quality of pork is significantly impacted by intramuscular fat (IMF). However, the regulatory mechanism of IMF depositions remains unclear. We performed whole-transcriptome sequencing of the longissimus dorsi muscle (IMF) from the high (5.1 ± 0.08) and low (2.9 ± 0.51) IMF groups (%) to elucidate potential mechanisms. In summary, 285 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 14 differentially expressed miRNAs (DEMIs), 83 differentially expressed lncRNAs (DELs), and 79 differentially expressed circRNAs (DECs) were identified. DEGs were widely associated with IMF deposition and liposome differentiation. Furthermore, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks were constructed through co-differential expression analyses, which included circRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 47 DECs) and lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA (containing 6 DEMIs, 6 DEGs, 36 DELs) regulatory networks. The circRNAs sus-TRPM7_0005, sus-MTUS1_0004, the lncRNAs SMSTRG.4269.1, and MSTRG.7983.2 regulate the expression of six lipid metabolism-related target genes, including PLCB1, BAD, and GADD45G, through the binding sites of 2-4068, miR-7134-3p, and miR-190a. For instance, MSTRG.4269.1 regulates its targets PLCB1 and BAD via miRNA 2_4068. Meanwhile, sus-TRPM7_0005 controls its target LRP5 through ssc-miR-7134-3P. These findings indicate molecular regulatory networks that could potentially be applied for the marker-assisted selection of IMF to enhance pork quality.
CHD7 Disorder—Not CHARGE Syndrome—Presenting as Isolated Cochleovestibular Dysfunction
Authors: Driesen Jef , Van Hoecke Helen , Maes Leen , Janssens Sandra , Acke Frederic , De Leenheer Els
Published: May 2024

CHARGE syndrome, characterized by a distinct set of clinical features, has been linked primarily to mutations in the CHD7 gene. Initially defined by specific clinical criteria, including coloboma, heart defects, choanal atresia, delayed growth, and ear anomalies, CHARGE syndrome’s diagnostic spectrum has broadened since the identification of CHD7. Variants in this gene exhibit considerable phenotypic variability, leading to the adoption of the term “CHD7 disorder” to encompass a wider range of associated symptoms. Recent research has identified CHD7 variants in individuals with isolated features such as autism spectrum disorder or gonadotropin-releasing hormone deficiency. In this study, we present three cases from two different families exhibiting audiovestibular impairment as the primary manifestation of a CHD7 variant. We discuss the expanding phenotypic variability observed in CHD7-related disorders, highlighting the importance of considering CHD7 in nonsyndromic hearing loss cases, especially when accompanied by inner ear malformations on MRI. Additionally, we underscore the necessity of genetic counseling and comprehensive clinical evaluation for individuals with CHD7 variants to ensure appropriate management of associated health concerns.
Simultaneous Detection of Common Founder Mutations Using a Cost-Effective Deep Sequencing Panel
Authors: Shalom Sapir , Hanany Mor , Eilat Avital , Chowers Itay , Ben-Yosef Tamar , Khateb Samer , Banin Eyal , Sharon Dror
Published: May 2024

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) are a clinically and genetically heterogeneous group of diseases which cause visual loss due to Mendelian mutations in over 250 genes, making genetic diagnosis challenging and time-consuming. Here, we developed a new tool, CDIP (Cost-effective Deep-sequencing IRD Panel) in which a simultaneous sequencing of common mutations is performed. CDIP is based on simultaneous amplification of 47 amplicons harboring common mutations followed by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Following five rounds of calibration of NGS-based steps, CDIP was used in 740 IRD samples. The analysis revealed 151 mutations in 131 index cases. In 54 (7%) of these cases, CDIP identified the genetic cause of disease (the remaining were single-heterozygous recessive mutations). These include a patient that was clinically diagnosed with retinoschisis and found to be homozygous for NR2E3-c.932G>A (p.R311Q), and a patient with RP who is hemizygous for an RPGR variant, c.292C>A (p.H98N), which was not included in the analysis but is located in proximity to one of these mutations. CDIP is a cost-effective deep sequencing panel for simultaneous detection of common founder mutations. This protocol can be implemented for additional populations as well as additional inherited diseases, and mainly in populations with strong founder effects.
Karyotype Description and Comparative Chromosomal Mapping of 5S rDNA in 42 Species
Authors: Luo Xiaomei , Liu Yunke , Gong Xiao , Ye Meng , Xiao Qiangang , Zeng Zhen
Published: May 2024

This study was conducted to evaluate the 5S rDNA site number, position, and origin of signal pattern diversity in 42 plant species using fluorescence in situ hybridization. The species were selected based on the discovery of karyotype rearrangement, or because 5S rDNA had not yet been explored the species. The chromosome number varied from 14 to 160, and the chromosome length ranged from 0.63 to 6.88 μm, with 21 species having small chromosomes (<3 μm). The chromosome numbers of three species and the 5S rDNA loci of nineteen species are reported for the first time. Six 5S rDNA signal pattern types were identified. The 5S rDNA varied and was abundant in signal site numbers (2–18), positions (distal, proximal, outside of chromosome arms), and even in signal intensity. Variation in the numbers and locations of 5S rDNA was observed in 20 species, whereas an extensive stable number and location of 5S rDNA was found in 22 species. The potential origin of the signal pattern diversity was proposed and discussed. These data characterized the variability of 5S rDNA within the karyotypes of the 42 species that exhibited chromosomal rearrangements and provided anchor points for genetic physical maps.
The Performance of Environmental and Health Impact Assessment Implementation: A Case Study in Eastern Thailand
Authors: Krasaesen Pattajaree , Nitivattananon Vilas , Pramanik Malay , Chatterjee Joyee Shairee
Published: May 2024

Environmental impact assessment (EIA) performance has remained of interest, and over the past ten years, the evaluation technique has evolved. Thailand implemented an EIA with a health impact assessment (HIA) as an environmental health impact assessment (EHIA), which necessitated investigating and developing these instruments; however, its implementation performance has been questioned. The main goal of this study is to comparatively assess how well EIAs and EHIAs are performed in projects in an area in Thailand. Six projects in various sectors that were implemented in Eastern Thailand were studied. The 162 residents (nine local authorities and 153 villagers) closest to the project completed a survey and evaluated the performance according to three aspects (i.e., substantive, procedural, and transactive), using a rating scale and evaluation checklists. The results were presented as a percentage of the total scores and interpreted according to the five scales. The overall performance reached a satisfactory level, albeit not significantly different between cases; however, it was pointed out that the shortcomings of EHIAs and EIAs, particularly their dependability, lack of public involvement, and the need for more transparency, could be addressed through the establishment of an open access database, which would help to simplify the assessment of all stages of EIAs and EHIAs.
Improving Accessibility to Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): Barriers to Early Diagnosis and Timely Treatment in Latin America
Authors: Figueiredo Ricardo G. , Duarte Nathalia Filgueiras Vilaça , Campos Daniela Carla Barbosa , de Jesus Diaz Verduzco Manuel , Márquez Ángel Alemán , de Araujo Gabriela Tannus Branco , Rubin Adalberto Sperb
Published: May 2024

Delayed initiation of effective antifibrotic therapy in patients with interstitial lung diseases (ILD) may influence the progression and outcome of the disease. This study analyzes the differences in the journey of patients with ILD in the Brazilian and Mexican health systems. An evaluative study was conducted in reference centers for interstitial lung diseases in Brazil and Mexico with a panel of four specialists. The patient’s journey in both countries begins when the patient seeks medical care after observing a chronic respiratory symptom. In both countries, due to diagnostic complexity, these patients arrive at ILD referral centers at an advanced stage of the disease. Once diagnosis is established, the treatment onset differs between Mexico and Brazil. In Brazil, access to antifibrotic drugs through the public health system has been a significant challenge, and their cost makes them unaffordable for most people. This situation forces medical specialists to provide only supportive care to patients until these drugs can be accessed. In Mexico, antifibrotics have been available in health sectors since 2018. Brazil and Mexico have several similarities regarding the initial journey of the patient due to diagnosis difficulties. Still, the outcome tends to be different due to a difference in access to treatment with antifibrotics. For this reason, advancing health policies that ensure proper treatment for patients with ILD is crucial for the sustainability and reliability of the health system.
Health and Wellbeing of Regional and Rural Australian Healthcare Workers during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Baseline Cross-Sectional Findings from the Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study—A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: McEvoy Mark , Caccaviello Gabriel , Crombie Angela , Skinner Timothy , Begg Stephen J. , Faulkner Peter , McEvoy Anne , Masman Kevin , Bamforth Laura , Parker Carol , Stanyer Evan , Collings Amanda , Li Xia
Published: May 2024

Background: Coronavirus 19 (COVID-19) has created complex pressures and challenges for healthcare systems worldwide; however, little is known about the impacts COVID-19 has had on regional/rural healthcare workers. The Loddon Mallee Healthcare Worker COVID-19 Study (LMHCWCS) cohort was established to explore and describe the immediate and long-term impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on regional and rural healthcare workers. Methods: Eligible healthcare workers employed within 23 different healthcare organisations located in the Loddon Mallee region of Victoria, Australia, were included. In this cohort study, a total of 1313 participants were recruited from November 2020–May 2021. Symptoms of depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress, and burnout were measured using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), Generalised Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7), Impact of Events Scale-6 (IES-6), and Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), respectively. Resilience and optimism were measured using the Brief Resilience Scale and Life Orientation Test—Revised (LOT-R), respectively. Subjective fear of COVID-19 was measured using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: These cross-sectional baseline findings demonstrate that regional/rural healthcare workers were experiencing moderate/severe depressive symptoms (n = 211, 16.1%), moderate to severe anxiety symptoms (n = 193, 14.7%), and high personal or patient/client burnout with median total scores of 46.4 (IQR = 28.6) and 25.0 (IQR = 29.2), respectively. There was a moderate degree of COVID-19-related fear. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience (n = 854, 65.0%). Based on self-reporting, 15.4% had a BMI from 18.5 to 24.9 kgm2 and 37.0% have a BMI of 25 kgm2 or over. Overall, 7.3% of participants reported they were current smokers and 20.6% reported alcohol consumption that is considered moderate/high-risk drinking. Only 21.2% of the sample reported consuming four or more serves of vegetables daily and 37.8% reported consuming two or more serves of fruit daily. There were 48.0% the sample who reported having poor sleep quality measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Conclusion: Regional/rural healthcare workers in Victoria, Australia, were experiencing a moderate to high degree of psychological distress during the early stages of the pandemic. However, most participants demonstrated a normal/high degree of resilience. Findings will be used to inform policy options to support healthcare workers in responding to future pandemics.
Less Known Is More Feared—A Survey of Children’s Knowledge of and Attitudes towards Honeybees
Authors: Leto Emmanuele , Pace Francesco , Sciotto Giulia , Manachini Barbara
Published: May 2024

The global decline in the number of pollinators has elicited considerable public attention. To the general public, honeybees are considered to be the primary pollinators. Also, a decline in managed honeybee stocks is alarming and could lead to declining pollination services and reduced ecosystem biodiversity, although the Apis mellifera is the least likely pollinator species on the planet to be at risk of extinction. A less-than-complete understanding of honeybees and their ecology may hinder their conservation. Ascertaining the public’s level of knowledge about, and perception of, a problem can help in solving it. This research focused mainly on honeybees because people are unlikely to be able to recognize the different species of Apoidea. Schools are ideal places for understanding the basic knowledge and attitudes regarding this insect. We aimed to understand the perception and knowledge of 12–14-year-old children towards honeybees as well as to verify the existence of a correlation between knowledge level and positive perception. Secondary school students can play a key role in the conservation of biodiversity as they are carriers of knowledge in families and will be future citizens. To this end, 231 students were given a 26-item questionnaire related to their perception and knowledge of honeybees. Results indicate that the students have a good understanding of the role that bees play in nature but do not have a completely clear idea of this insect’s interactions with the environment. Results also show that the children feel a certain fear of honeybees, although they respect them. The average score of the ecological branch test exceeded the average score of the perceptual one, indicating that the subjects had a more positive education than perception.
The Utility of Three-Dimensional Printing in Physician-Modified Stent Grafts for Aortic Lesions Repair
Authors: Zasada Wiktoria Antonina , Stępak Hubert , Węglewska Magdalena , Świątek Łukasz , Kluba Jerzy , Krasiński Zbigniew
Published: May 2024

Background: Three-dimensional (3D) printing is becoming increasingly popular around the world not only in engineering but also in the medical industry. This trend is visible, especially in aortic modeling for both training and treatment purposes. As a result of advancements in 3D technology, patients can be offered personalized treatment of aortic lesions via physician-modified stent grafts (PMSG), which can be tailored to the specific vascular conditions of the patient. The objective of this systematic review was to investigate the utility of 3D printing in PMSG in aortic lesion repair by examining procedure time and complications. Methods: The systematic review has been performed using the PRISMA 2020 Checklist and PRISMA 2020 flow diagram and following the Cochrane Handbook. The systematic review has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews: CRD42024526950. Results: Five studies with a total number of 172 patients were included in the final review. The mean operation time was 249.95± 70.03 min, and the mean modification time was 65.38 ± 10.59 min. The analysis of the results indicated I2 of 99% and 100% indicating high heterogeneity among studies. The bias assessment indicated the moderate quality of the included research. Conclusions: The noticeable variance in the reviewed studies’ results marks the need for larger randomized trials as clinical results of 3D printing in PMSG have great potential for patients with aortic lesions in both elective and urgent procedures.
Poor Response to Gonadotropin Stimulation and Perinatal Outcomes in Fresh In Vitro Fertilization Embryo Transfer Cycles—A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Hochberg Alyssa , Wertheimer Avital , Zlatkin Rita , Sapir Onit , Krispin Eyal , Schohat Tzippy , Altman Eran , Ben-Haroush Avi , Shufaro Yoel
Published: May 2024

Objective: The objective was to examine the association between poor ovarian response to gonadotropin stimulation for in vitro fertilization (IVF) and adverse perinatal outcomes in singleton gestations in young patients. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study including women aged 17–39 who underwent fresh embryo transfer and delivered a singleton neonate at a single center (pre-implantation genetic testing excluded) (2007–2022). Patients were classified as one of the following categories: poor responders—daily follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ≥ 150 IU yielding ≤ 3 retrieved oocytes; normal responders—4–15 oocytes; and high responders with ≥16 oocytes. The primary outcome was a composite of pre-eclampsia (mild or severe), small-for-gestational-age, gestational diabetes mellitus, and preterm birth (<37 weeks). We compared maternal and neonatal outcomes between the three groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to control for confounders. Results: Overall, 507 women met the inclusion criteria. Of them, there were 44 (8.68%) poor responders, 342 (67.46%) normal responders, and 121 (23.87%) high responders. Poor responders, compared to normal and high responders, were characterized by a higher maternal age (34.64 ± 4.01 vs. 31.4 ± 5.04 vs. 30.01 ± 4.93, p < 0.001, respectively) and total FSH dosage (3028.41 ± 1792.05 IU vs. 2375.11 ± 1394.05 IU vs. 1869.31 ± 1089.63 IU, p < 0.001). The perinatal outcomes examined, including cesarean delivery (CD) rate and the composite outcome, were comparable between groups. Using multivariable logistic regression and adjusting for ovarian response group, maternal age, nulliparity, and estradiol level and endometrial thickness before ovulation triggering, poor response was not associated with CD rate or the composite outcome, with maternal age associated with CD (p = 0.005), and nulliparity with the composite outcome (p = 0.007). Similar results were obtained when comparing poor responders to each other group separately or to all other responders. Conclusions: Poor ovarian response is not associated with increased adverse maternal or neonatal outcomes.
Applicability and Suitability of the Embryological–Clinical Classification of Female Genital Malformations: A Systematic Review
Authors: Navarro Victoria , Acién Maribel , Acién Pedro
Published: May 2024

Complex urogenital malformations are clinically highly relevant; thus, they must be appropriately diagnosed and classified before initiating treatment. Background/Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the applicability and suitability of the embryological–clinical classification of female genital malformations. Methods: A systematic review of cases of genital malformations reported in the literature from 2000 to 2020 was conducted. Case reports and series with the following combinations: “female genital tract” AND (malformation OR anomaly OR müllerian anomaly OR uterine anomaly OR cervical anomaly OR vaginal anomaly OR cloacal anomaly OR urogenital sinus); and “female genital tract” AND (renal agenesis OR ectopic ureter) were searched. A total of 3124 articles were identified, of which 824 cases of genital malformation were extracted. The characteristics of each malformation were included in a database for further analyses. Results: Using the embryological–clinical classification, 89.9% of the published cases and 86.5% of the 52 cases defined as unclassifiable by their authors have been classified in this review. In 73 cases (72.2%), the classification of the malformation using the AFS system was incomplete because although the type of uterine anomaly of the AFS classification matched that of the embryological–clinical classification, characteristics of the urinary system or the vagina were overlooked when using the AFS system. Following a dispersion matrix, we have been able to show that the embryological–clinical classification system is able to classify and subclassify the genitourinary malformations more accurately. Conclusions: The applicability of the embryological–clinical classification has been confirmed after classifying most of the cases of genital malformation previously published. This system also provides a more complete and accurate classification than other classifying systems exclusively based on Müllerian duct development or uterovaginal parameters, demonstrating its suitability.
Early Single-Center Experience of DaVinci® Single-Port (SP) Robotic Surgery in Colorectal Patients
Authors: Cho Hye Jung , Kim Woo Ram
Published: May 2024

Background: DaVinci® single-port (SP) robotic surgery offers several benefits compared to traditional multiport laparoscopic or robotic surgeries. One of the main advantages is that it allows for a minimally invasive approach, resulting in a single, smaller incision and reduced trauma to the patient’s body, leading to less postoperative pain, faster recovery, and reduced risk of complications. The cosmesis of a single port with minimal visible scarring is also an attractive aspect to the patients; however, many surgeons use an additional port for energy device, stapler use, and drain insertion. Pure single-port surgery with one incision is still rare. Here, we share our experience of our first 10 cases using the SP robotic platform in colorectal surgery. Methods: From May 2023 to December 2023, colorectal patients who underwent SP robotic surgery were analyzed. Placement of the incision was the umbilicus for eight patients, and right lower quadrant for two patients, through which ileostomy maturation was performed. Data on perioperative parameters and postoperative outcomes were analyzed, with a median follow-up of 4.6 months (range 0.6–7.4 months). Results: A total of 10 colorectal patients underwent DaVinci® single-port robotic colorectal surgery at our institution during this period. The patient demographic was four males (40%) and six females (60%) with a median age of 63.5 years (range 50–75 years). Median body mass index (BMI) was 22.89 kg/m2 (range 19.92–26.84 kg/m2). Nine patients were diagnosed with colorectal cancer, and one patient was diagnosed with a rectal gastrointestinal tumor. One patient underwent anterior resection and cholecystectomy simultaneously. Mean operation time was 222 min (range 142–316 min), and mean wound size was 3.25 cm (range 2.5–4.5 cm). Nine patients underwent surgery with single incision through which a single-port trocar was inserted, and one patient had one additional port for drain insertion. Mean hospital stay was 6 days (range 4–8 days) with one postoperative complication of bleeding requiring transfusion, but there was no readmission within 30 days. Conclusions: Overall, our experience with single-port robotic colorectal surgery has been promising. With only one patient with additional port for drain insertion, all nine patients underwent SP-robotic surgery with single incision for colon as well as rectal surgeries. Compared to an average postoperative length of stay of 6.5-8 days in laparoscopic colorectal surgeries reported in literature, SP-robotic surgery 33showed faster recovery of 6 days highlighting its benefits in patient recovery and satisfaction.
Sensitization to Food and Aero-Allergens in Children with Coeliac Disease Assessed with the Use of a Multiplex Molecular Diagnostic Technique
Authors: Knyziak-Mędrzycka Izabela , Cukrowska Bożena , Nazar Wojciech , Bierła Joanna Beata , Janeczek Kamil , Krawiec Paulina , Gromek Weronika , Wysokiński Mariusz , Konopka Ewa , Trojanowska Ilona , Smolińska Sylwia , Majsiak Emilia
Published: May 2024

(1) Background. Coeliac disease (CD) often co-occurs with autoimmune conditions or genetic syndromes, but there are few studies on the co-existence of CD and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergies. The purpose of this study was to assess sensitization to food and aero-allergens in pediatric patients with CD. (2) Methods. A multiplex ALEX®2 test was used to determine specific IgEs (sIgEs). (3) Results. The study included 108 children newly diagnosed with CD. Allergen extract- and/or allergen molecule-sIgEs were detected in 49.1% of children. Most children (41.5%) were sensitized to both inhalant and food allergens. The three most common aero-allergens (timothy pollen, ryegrass, silver birch) were molecules Phl p 1, Lol p 1, and Bet v 1. The most common food allergens (hazelnut, apple, and peanut) were Cor a 1, Mal d 1, and Ara h 8 molecules of the PR-10 subfamily. Patients were not sensitized to cereal allergens containing gluten. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis of sensitized patients showed a significant positive relationship (r = 0.31) between the patients’ age and the occurrence of positive sIgEs (≥0.3 kUA/L) for inhalant allergen molecules (p = 0.045). In sensitized patients, mainly symptoms of inhalant allergy were observed, such as hay fever, conjunctivitis, and bronchial asthma. (4) Conclusions. The current study indicates the co-occurrence of IgE sensitization to food and inhalant allergens in children with CD. The study highlights the need to take a closer look at the diagnosis of IgE-mediated allergy in patients with CD, which may help in their care and lead to a better understanding of the relationship between CD and IgE-mediated allergy.