bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Field Study Update on Organizational Satanism and Setianism in the United States
Authors: Foertsch Steven
Published: November 2022

Background

With recent attention to the organizational dynamics of contemporary Satanism, updated information on Satanic and Setian organizations is imperative for the field.

Purpose

The purpose of this research note is to update the literature surrounding Satanism and Setianism with new organizational and administrative information, which will help scholars studying these groups in developing new theoretical frameworks and interpretations.

Methods

A snowball sample interview, participant observation, and ethnographic study was conducted. In person field work was done primarily in Austin, TX, and New York, NY, where occult bookstores, wicca stores, online group pages/forums, Satanic gatherings, and goth clothing shops were frequented for a portrayal of “lived Satanism.”

Results

Findings elaborate on the authority structures of five Satanic and Setian organizations, and a long considered defunct Satanic group called the Church of Satanic Brotherhood is uncovered. Participants also elaborate on the previous schisms within the Satanic niche.

Conclusions and Implications

Field note recommendations are given to future researchers working in Satanic studies. The organizational findings inform future research and theoretical innovations, including religious organization ecology (ROE) theory.
Utilizing Social Media to Identify Potential Living Donors: Learning from US Living Donor Programs
Authors: Nishio-Lucar Angie G. , Hunt Heather F. , Booker Sarah E. , Cartwright Laura A. , Larkin Lindsay , Gonzalez Stevan A. , Spiers Jessica A. , Srinivas Titte , Ahmad Mahwish U. , Levan Macey L. , Singh Pooja , Wertin Heather , McAdams Cathy , Lentine Krista L. , Schaffer Randolph
Published: November 2022

Purpose of Review

Living donor transplantation provides the best possible recipient outcomes in solid organ transplantation. Yet, identifying potential living donors can be a laborious and resource intensive task that heavily relies on the recipient’s means and social network. Social media has evolved to become a key tool in helping to bring recipients and potential living donors together given its ease of utilization, widespread access, and improved recipient’s comfort with public solicitation. However, in the USA, formal guidelines to direct the use of social media in this context are lacking.

Recent Findings

To better inform the landscape and opportunities utilizing social media in living donation, the OPTN Living Donor Committee surveyed US transplant programs to explore programs’ experiences and challenges when helping patients use social media to identify potential living donors (September 2019). A large majority of survey participants (N = 125/174, 72%) indicated that their program provided education to use social media to identify potential living donors and most programs tracking referral source confirmed an increase utilization over time. The use of social media was compounded with program and recipient’s challenges including concerns about privacy, inadequate technology access, and knowledge gaps. In this review, we discuss the results of this national survey and recent literature, and provide suggestions to inform program practices and guidance provided to patients wishing to use social media to identify potential living donors.

Transplant programs should become competent in the use of social media for potential living donor identification to empower patients interested in using this tool. Social media education should be provided to all patients regardless of voiced interest and, when appropriate, revisited at multiple time points. Programs should consider developing a “team of experts” that can provide focused education and support to patients embarking in social media living donor campaigns. Care should be taken to avoid exacerbating disparities in access to living donor transplantation. Effective and timely guidance to patients in the use of social media could enhance the identification of potential living donors.
Beliefs angehender Lehrpersonen zum Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht: Entwicklung und Pilotierung eines Fragebogens
Authors: Velling Hanna , Schubert Jan Christoph , Naujoks-Schober Nick
Published: November 2022

Dem Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht werden insbesondere vor dem Hintergrund einer naturwissenschaftlichen Grundbildung große didaktische Potenziale zugeschrieben und geographische Bildungsstandards und Lehrpläne sehen den Einsatz von Experimenten vor. Zugleich liegen Hinweise darauf vor, dass Experimente nur relativ selten im Geographieunterricht eingesetzt werden. Vor diesem Hintergrund rücken die Lehrpersonen in den Fokus, da diese mit ihren subjektiven Überzeugungen (Beliefs) als Teil professioneller Handlungskompetenz einen entscheidenden Faktor für den tatsächlichen Einsatz von Experimenten im Unterricht darstellen. Bislang fehlen jedoch sowohl Erkenntnisse über die Ausprägung derBeliefsvon (angehenden) Lehrpersonen zum Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht als auch entsprechende Messinstrumente. Ziel der vorliegenden Studie ist daher die Entwicklung und Pilotierung eines Fragebogens zur Erfassung derBeliefsangehender Geographielehrpersonen zum Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht. Anhand von Re-Analysen qualitativer Erhebungen sowie Literaturrecherchen wurden Themenbereiche vonBeliefszum Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht identifiziert und auf dieser Grundlage ein umfassendes Itemset entwickelt. Die psychometrische Ermittlung der zugrundeliegenden Struktur erfolgte anhand einer Gesamtstichprobe vonN = 195 Studierenden des Lehramts für Geographie. Im Zuge einer explorativen Faktorenanalyse konnten fünf eindeutige Faktoren zu unterschiedlichen Aspekten von Potenzialen/Zielen, Voraussetzungen und Hindernissen beim Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht mit jeweils angemessenen bis guten Reliabilitätswerten identifiziert werden. Mit dem Fragebogen liegt ein theoretisch fundiertes Instrument zu Erhebung derBeliefsangehender Lehrpersonen zum Experimentieren im Geographieunterricht vor. Geplante weiterführende Schritte in unserem Forschungsvorhaben sowie praktische Einsatzmöglichkeiten werden diskutiert.
Wave loads on ocean infrastructure increase as a result of waves passing over abrupt depth transitions
Authors: Li Zhenhao , Tang Tianning , Li Yan , Draycott Samuel , van den Bremer Ton S. , Adcock Thomas A. A.
Published: November 2022

Abrupt changes in water depth are known to lead to abnormal free-surface wave statistics. The present study considers whether this translates into abnormal loads on offshore infrastructure. A fully non-linear numerical model is used which is carefully validated against experiments. The wave kinematics from the numerical model are used as input to a simple wave loading model. We find enhanced overturning moments, an increase of approximately 20%, occur over a distance of a few wavelengths after an abrupt depth transition. We observe similar results for 1:1 and 1:3 slopes. This increase does not occur in linear simulations.
Proceedings from the Second Annual Conference of the Norwegian Network for Implementation Research
Authors: Egeland Karina M. , Engell Thomas , Halvorsen Jeanette , Varsi Cecilie
Published: November 2022

In 2019, Norwegian implementation researchers formed a network to promote implementation research and practice in the Norwegian context. On November 19th, 2021, the second annual Norwegian implementation conference was held in Oslo. Ninety participants from all regions of the country gathered to showcase the frontiers of Norwegian implementation research. The conference also hosted a panel discussion about critical next steps for implementation science in Norway. The conference included 17 presentations from diverse disciplines within health and welfare services, including schools. The themes presented included stakeholder engagement, implementation mechanisms, evaluations of the implementation of specific interventions, the use of implementation guidelines and frameworks, the development and validation of implementation measurements, and barriers and facilitators for implementation. The panel discussion highlighted several critical challenges with the implementation of evidence-informed practices in Norway, including limited implementation competence and capacity among practice leaders and workforces, few opportunities for education in implementation science, limited implementation research in the Norwegian context, scarce funding possibilities for implementation research, and a lack of long-term perspectives on implementation processes. Overall, the 2021 Norwegian implementation conference showed an encouraging sign of a maturing field of science in Norway. The more voluminous proceedings from the 2020 conference called for several important advancements to improve implementation science and practice in Norway, and the 2021 conference indicates that steps have already been taken in favorable directions in terms of, for instance, research designs and measurements. However, there are still unexploited potentials for improvements in implementation research, funding, policies, and practice. Norwegian implementation researcher should be mindful of the challenges and potential pitfalls implementation science currently face as a scientific discipline.
Small protein Cgl2215 enhances phenolic tolerance by promoting MytA activity in Corynebacterium glutamicum
Authors: Gu Huawei , Hao Xinwei , Liu Ruirui , Shi Zhenkun , Zhao Zehua , Chen Fu , Wang Wenqiang , Wang Yao , Shen Xihui
Published: November 2022

Corynebacterium glutamicum is a promising chassis microorganism for the bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass owing to its good tolerance and degradation of the inhibitors generated in lignocellulosic pretreatments. Among the identified proteins encoded by genes within the C. glutamicum genome, nearly 400 are still functionally unknown. Based on previous transcriptome analysis, we found that the hypothetical protein gene cgl2215 was highly upregulated in response to phenol, ferulic acid, and vanillin stress. The cgl2215 deletion mutant was shown to be more sensitive than the parental strain to phenolic compounds as well as other environmental factors such as heat, ethanol, and oxidative stresses. Cgl2215 interacts with C. glutamicum mycoloyltransferase A (MytA) and enhances its in vitro esterase activity. Sensitivity assays of the ΔmytA and Δcgl2215ΔmytA mutants in response to phenolic stress established that the role of Cgl2215 in phenolic tolerance was mediated by MytA. Furthermore, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results showed that cgl2215 and mytA deletion both led to defects in the cell envelope structure of C. glutamicum, especially in the outer layer (OL) and electron-transparent layer (ETL). Collectively, these results indicate that Cgl2215 can enhance MytA activity and affect the cell envelope structure by directly interacting with MytA, thus playing an important role in resisting phenolic and other environmental stresses.
Fundamental Perspectives on International Law
Authors: Slagter Tracy H. , Van Doorn John D. , Slomanson William
Published: November 2022

How does international law impact the behavior of states? This book designed for students in multiple disciplines offers a comprehensive, accessible introduction to the 'law of nations,' detailing the evolution of state practice in response to an ever-changing, diverse world. In this new edition of William Slomanson's foundational text, the new authors, Professors Slagter and Van Doorn, trace how states manage their sovereignty in myriad ways, working through treaties, international organizations, and international courts to secure their own as well as global interests. With special emphasis on five key areas-human rights, the use of force, human security and humanitarian intervention, environmental protection, and economic relations-the authors illustrate both the power and limits of international law to provide structure and predictability on a globalized planet. Real-world problem sets, annotated bibliographies, and a practical guide to studying international law make this a text that students and instructors alike will appreciate.
Prescribed-time cooperative guidance with time delay
Authors: Ma W. , Fu W. , Fang Y. , Liu S. , Liang X.
Published: November 2022

In view of the cooperative guidance problem with time delay, this paper proposes a two-stage time-delay prescribed-time cooperative guidance law in the three-dimensional (3D) space. In the first stage, by introducing a time scaling function and time-delay consensus, the proposed cooperative guidance law can overcome the negative influence of time delay to guaranteed the desired convergence performance. Derived from the Lyapunov convergence analysis, the time-delay stability of the first stage can be ensured and the convergence time can be described as the relationship between delayed time and mission-assigned convergence time. Then, taking the prescribed-time-related convergence time as the switching point, the second stage begins with suitable initial conditions and all interceptors are governed by proportional navigation guidance. Finally, comparative simulations are performed to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed time-delay guidance law.
Using framework analysis to understand multiple stakeholders’ views of vocational rehabilitation following acquired brain injury
Authors: Johnston Venerina , Brakenridge Charlotte , Valiant Donna , Ling Charmaine Leow Kai , Andrews Nicole , Gane Elise M. , Turner Ben , Kendall Melissa , Quinn Ray
Published: November 2022

Purpose:

To explore how vocational rehabilitation (VR) is currently delivered for individuals with acquired brain injury (ABI) across multiple stakeholder groups and identify areas for improvement in service delivery using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Methods:

Seven focus groups were conducted with rehabilitation clinicians; outreach providers, insurers/regulators, VR providers and disability employment service providers (n = 44) experienced in VR of individuals with ABI. All groups were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Data analysis was guided by the CFIR constructs.

Results:

All stakeholder groups believed they offered quality VR interventions given available resources and legislation, but many clients fell through the ‘cracks’. Themes that were identified included: a) number and complexity of systems supporting VR; b) fractured communication across systems, c) lack of knowledge by both stakeholders and clients in navigating systems, d) lack of expertise in supporting the vocational needs of clients with ABI and e) perceived limited awareness of ABI by employers.

Conclusion:

Stakeholders and clients need support to navigate Australia’s complex VR pathways. Limited specialist ABI clinicians, VR providers and disability employment services were identified as barriers for effective VR. Domains of the CFIR were appropriate for organising and understanding how VR is delivered.
The unsteady wake transition behind a wall-mounted large-depth-ratio prism
Authors: Zargar Arash , Tarokh Ali , Hemmati Arman
Published: November 2022

The wake of a long rectangular wall-mounted prism is investigated at Reynolds numbers of

$Re=250\unicode{x2013}1200$

by directly solving the Navier–Stokes equations. The aim of this study was to examine the unsteady transition mechanism in the wake of a large-depth-ratio (streamwise length to width) prism as well as to characterize the unsteady wake evolution at low Reynolds numbers. The results highlighted that increasing Reynolds number significantly altered the dominance of upwash and downwash flows in the time-averaged flow and changed the characteristics of coherent structures, including their size, dominant frequency and interaction with other structures in the flow. The wake is, therefore, categorized into three regimes within the transition process: steady regime at

$Re \leq 625$

, regular unsteady regime at

$625 < Re < 750$

and irregular unsteady regime at

$Re \geq 750$

. Particularly, the wake started to exhibit unsteady features at

$Re=625\unicode{x2013}650$

, which transitioned to an early irregular unsteady wake topology at

$Re=750$

. At

$Re \geq 675$

, horseshoe vortices transformed to vortex loops. There were hairpin-like structures formed on the upper and side faces of the long prism. The results further indicated that the transition to unsteadiness is attributed to separated leading-edge shear-layer instabilities and interactions of the shear layer with the horseshoe structures. The wake was more complex due to the interactions of multiple coherent structures in the flow, which resulted in a multiple-periodicity wake system. A skeleton model is proposed for a large-depth-ratio prism, to incorporate details of the unsteady flow features and specify various flow coherent structures at low Reynolds numbers.
Subsurface heat conduction along the CHINARE traverse route, East Antarctica
Authors: Yang Diyi , Ding Minghu , Allison Ian , Zou Xiaowei , Chen Xinyan , Heil Petra , Zhang Wenqian , Bian Lingen , Xiao Cunde
Published: November 2022

Using data from three automatic weather stations (LGB69, Eagle and Dome A) from distinctly different climatological zones along the CHINARE (Chinese National Antarctic Research Expedition) traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, we investigated the characteristics of meteorological conditions and subsurface heat conduction. Spatial analysis indicated decreasing trends in air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed from the coastal katabatic wind zone to the inland plateau region, and air temperatures clearly showed a strong daily variability in winter, suggesting the effect from the fluctuation in the Antarctic atmospheric system. We also analyzed the optimal response time of the 1 and 3 m depth snow temperatures to the 0.1 m depth snow temperature for each site under clear/overcast and day/night situations. This showed an important enhancement to the heat transfer from shortwave radiation penetration. Using an iterative optimization method, we estimated the subsurface heat conduction variations along the transect. This was ~3–5 W m–2. Multiple maxima in daily mean subsurface fluxes were found in winter, with a typical value above 2 W m–2, while a single minimum value under –2 W m–2was found in summer. On an annual scale, a larger mean loss of subsurface heat conduction was observed in the inland plateau compared to in the coastal katabatic area. Finally, we discussed the possible influences of turbulent and radiant transport on the vertical heat response and confirmed the wind enhancement on the growth of thermal conductivity. This preliminary study provides a brief perspective and an important reference for studying subsurface heat conduction in inland areas of Antarctica.
Mapping the body to the discourse hierarchy in sign language emergence
Authors: Dachkovsky Svetlana , Stamp Rose , Sandler Wendy
Published: November 2022

A common feature of discourse coherence is hierarchical organization: more generally, central relations (characterizing the overall topic or goal) dominate complementary or modifying relations. In this hierarchy, higher levels tend to be marked by stronger prosodic cues than lower levels. This study seeks to understand how such a system emerges in human communication – what is present at the outset, and what takes time to develop. Specifically, we investigate whether the conceptualization of hierarchical organization precedes overt linguistic structuring, and whether distinct types and strengths of prosodic marking at different hierarchical levels can be discerned in the process of emergence. The only empirical evidence for such an investigation comes from sign languages, because they can arisede novoat any time. Sign languages offer the additional advantage of directly linking instantiations of linguistic structure to articulations of different visually perceived bodily articulators. Our study of a young sign language, Israeli Sign Language (ISL), finds that conceptual hierarchical structuring of discourse arises very early. However, the organization of bodily articulators to linguistically mark hierarchical information takes time to emerge: Younger ISL signers use smaller, less salient articulators at lower levels of the hierarchy compared to older signers.
THE AKIYAMA MEAN-MEDIAN MAP HAS UNBOUNDED TRANSIT TIME AND DISCONTINUOUS LIMIT
Authors: HOSEANA JONATHAN
Published: November 2022

Open conjectures state that, for every
$x\in [0,1]$
, the orbit
$(x_n)_{n=1}^\infty $
of the mean-median recursion
$$ \begin{align*}x_{n+1}=(n+1)\cdot\operatorname{\mathrm{median}}(x_1,\ldots,x_{n})-(x_1+\cdots+x_n),\quad n\geqslant 3,\end{align*} $$

with initial data
$(x_1,x_2,x_3)=(0,x,1)$
, is eventually constant, and that its transit time and limit functions (of x) are unbounded and continuous, respectively. In this paper, we prove that for the slightly modified recursion
$$ \begin{align*}x_{n+1}=n\cdot\operatorname{\mathrm{median}}(x_1,\ldots,x_{n})-(x_1+\cdots+x_n),\quad n\geqslant 3,\end{align*} $$

first suggested by Akiyama, the transit time function is unbounded but the limit function is discontinuous.
Mapping Oysters and Making Oceans in the Northern Indian Ocean, 1880–1906
Authors: Fernando Tamara
Published: November 2022

At the turn of the twentieth century, most of the world’s pearls were extracted from rich oyster and coral reefs on the northern Indian Ocean rim. This paper returns to the sites of extraction, studying imperial maps made from 1889–1925 to delineate oyster reefs on the seafloor. Building from the submarine up, I draw on environmental, animal, and history of science studies to explore the work of mapping oceanic, animate space. Attending to the role of divers, whose labor was required to make the seafloor visible, and the lifecycles of oysters, which changed over time, I argue that the seafloor represents a kind ofunruly terrain, out of both the reach and control of imperial authorities. The paper’s final section meditates on reading humans as part of Indian Ocean landscapes and the possibilities this offers for further comparative, transnational work in a materialist vein.
Raw goat's milk fermented Anbaris from Lebanon: insights into the microbial dynamics and chemical changes occurring during artisanal production, with a focus on yeasts
Authors: Ayoub Marie-José , Bechara Pamela , Habchi Mariana , Hosry Rachelle , Akl Mohamad , Haj Hassan Sandy , Abi Nakhoul Pierre
Published: November 2022

Anbaris is a raw goat milk product naturally fermented in terracotta jars. The aim of this research paper was to follow the dynamics underlying an artisanal production to understand the concomitant evolution of the microbial populations in relation to the chemical changes occurring within the product, make sure of the sanitary conditions prevailing during the production and uncover for the first time its culturable yeast populations. Throughout the fermentation process, Anbaris was endowed with high acidity and included high microbial populations counts of LAB and yeasts that were rapidly installed within the product and maintained as regular new milk additions were made, contributing to lipolytic and proteolytic activities. Salt content varied according to the arbitrary salt additions made during the process but was high in the end product while protein and fat contents varied inversely to moisture. Frequent additions of Enterobacteriaceae and Coliforms contaminated milk samples seemingly fueled a contamination of the product during its manufacturing and in the final fresh Anbaris. Seven species of culturable yeasts, Pichia kudriavzevii, Kluyveromyces marxianus, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Debaryomyces hansenii, Candida parapsilosis and Kazachstania exigua were found during the production. The first two dominated the process in terms of frequency of occurrence and abundance at the different stages and might be signature species of the product. The same lineage of K. marxianus isolates was maintained throughout the fermentation and sample specific patterns were observed. Strains of this species exhibited low diversity within our product, and more globally in the Lebanese dairy products we studied.
Chronotopes of ‘Chinese’ privilege: Class-inflected racialisation in condominium hoardings
Authors: Lazar Michelle M.
Published: November 2022

This article explores racial ‘privilege’ through the lens of temporalized landscapes. Specifically, I examine chronotopes of class-inflected ‘Chinese’ privilege on advertising hoardings for ‘Jadescape’, a condominium development in multiracial Singapore. Two chronotopic dimensions are discussed. The first, pertaining to representations inscribed on the hoardings, manifest a ‘chronotopic bricolage’, involving the fusion of a ‘traditional racial-cultural chronotope’ of a historicised ‘Chineseness’, and a ‘modern cosmopolitan chronotope’ of contemporariness and transnationalism. Embedded in this mix are further multiplicities of time, which altogether create a Sinocentric ‘neo-traditional’ aesthetic. The second dimension relates to the impermanence of the semiotic-materiality of the hoardings installed along the perimeter of the construction site only while the condominium is being built. The temporariness of hyper-visible representability of ‘Chineseness’, read against other similar media and communication practices in multiracial public spaces, secures a ‘semiotic-material immunity of privilege’, which renders racialized Chinese privilege in Singapore both elusive and normalised. (Chronotopes of privilege, ‘Chinese privilege’, ‘chronotopic bricolage’, neo-traditional aesthetic, condominium advertising, critical semiotic landscape studies)*
A dual-context sequent calculus for the constructive modal logic S4
Authors: Miranda-Perea Favio Ezequiel , González Huesca Lourdes del Carmen , Linares Arévalo Pilar Selene
Published: November 2022

The proof theory of the constructive modal logic S4 (hereafter
$\mathsf{CS4}$
) has been settled since the beginning of this century by means of either standard natural deduction and sequent calculi or by the reconstruction of modal logic through hypothetical and categorical judgments à la Martin-Löf, an approach carried out by using a special kind of sequents, which keeps two separated contexts representing ordinary and enhanced hypotheses, intuitively interpreted as true and valid assumptions. These so-called dual-context sequents, originated in linear logic, are used to define a natural deduction system handling judgments of validity, truth, and possibility, resulting in a formalism equivalent to an axiomatic system for
$\mathsf{CS4}$
. However, this proof-theoretical study of
$\mathsf{CS4}$
lacks, to the best of our knowledge, its third fundamental constituent, namely a sequent calculus. In this paper, we define such a dual-context formalism, called
${\bf DG_{CS4}}$
, and provide detailed proofs of the admissibility for the ordinary cut rule as well as the elimination of a second cut rule, which manipulates enhanced hypotheses. Furthermore, we make available a formal verification of the equivalence of this proposal with the previously defined axiomatic and dual-context natural deduction systems for
$\mathsf{CS4}$
, using the Coq proof-assistant.
Folat-, Cholin-, und Vitamin-B12-Supplementierung für präkonzeptionelle und schwangere Frauen
Authors: Obeid Rima , Holzgreve Wolfgang , Pietrzik Klaus
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Ein unzureichender mütterlicher Folatstatus ist mit höherem Risiko für Neuralrohrdefekte assoziiert. Der Schwellenwert für eine gute Versorgung mit Folat (z.B. Folatkonzentration in den Erythrozyten) liegt bei > 906nmol/L für alle junge Frauen, die schwanger werden können. Diese recht hohe Folatkonzentration soll bereits vor Beginn der Schwangerschaft erreicht werden, was über die Nahrung kaum gelingt. Eine Supplementierung mit Folat oder Folsäure wird deshalb für alle Frauen, die eine Schwangerschaft planen, dringend empfohlen (vier bis acht Wochen vor Beginn der Schwangerschaft bis zum Ende des ersten Trimesters). Folat-Supplementation kann zwar auf die Populationsebene das Risiko für Neuralrohrdefekte deutlich senken (ca. 50%), kann jedoch nicht alle Fälle verhindern. Neuere Studien zeigen, dass auch eine niedrige mütterliche Cholin- und Vitamin-B12-Zufuhr während der Schwangerschaft mit höherem Risiko für Neuralrohrdefekte assoziiert ist. Die Rolle von Cholin in der Gehirnentwicklung des Fötus und von Säuglingen ist auf Grund seiner Funktion als Quelle für Methylgruppen, Acetylcholin und Zellmembran-Phospholipide biologisch plausibel und nicht vollständig mit Folat austauschbar. Die Daten zur Assoziation zwischen der mütterlichen Cholinzufuhr während der Präkonzeption, dem ersten Trimenon, und in der Stillzeit und der fetalen Hirnentwicklung deuten auf einen kausalen Zusammenhang hin. Die Aufnahmeempfehlung für Cholin liegt bei 480mg/Tag für schwangere und 550mg/Tag für stillende Frauen. Die Cholin-Aufnahme (hauptsächlich über tierbasierte Ernährung) liegt im Durchschnitt bei ca. 300mg/Tag und ist somit unzureichend für eine optimale Versorgung während der Schwangerschaft. Bisher existieren keine konkreten Empfehlungen zur Cholin-Supplementation vor und während der Schwangerschaft. In Europa werden Präventionsansätze auf Populationsebene in der Regel nur unzureichend befolgt. Deshalb ist die individuelle Beratung von jungen Frauen, die eine Schwangerschaft planen, relevanter denn je.
Ein Stadt-Land-Vergleich familialer Belastungen und Früher Hilfen
Authors: Ulrich Susanne M. , Lux Ulrike , Neumann Anna , Renner Ilona , Walper Sabine
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung. Hintergrund: Bisher mangelt es an Informationen darüber, wo in Deutschland welche Familien wie gut durch psychosoziale Unterstützungsangebote erreicht werden. Im Fokus dieses Beitrags steht das Angebot der längerfristigen aufsuchenden Betreuung und Begleitung (LaB) durch Gesundheitsfachkräfte der Frühen Hilfen. Fragestellung: Gibt es Stadt-Land-Unterschiede bei psychosozialen Belastungen von Familien? Welche Unterschiede bestehen hinsichtlich des Ausbaus von Unterstützungsangeboten, des Erhalts eines Angebots und der Nutzung der LaB? Methoden: Daten aus einer repräsentativen Familienbefragung zu psychosozialen Belastungen und der Nutzung von Angeboten wurden mit einer bundesweiten Kommunalbefragung zum Auf- und Ausbau Früher Hilfen auf kommunaler Ebene verknüpft. Analysen umfassten deskriptive Statistiken und Regressionsmodelle. Ergebnisse: In ländlichen und städtischen Regionen wurden die meisten psychosozialen Belastungen ähnlich häufig berichtet. Zwar ist die LaB in städtischen Regionen verbreiteter, jedoch wurde sie in ländlichen Regionen eher genutzt, wenn sie angeboten wurde. Die LaB wurde häufiger von Familien mit Migrationshintergrund, mit Anzeichen von Depression oder Angstsymptomatik eines Elternteils sowie mit einem Kind mit perinataler Besonderheit genutzt und seltener bei hohem Ausbaubedarf des Angebots. Schlussfolgerungen: Die erhöhte Nutzung in ländlichen Regionen könnte darauf zurückzuführen sein, dass weite Wege zu wenigen zentralen Angeboten bestehen und daher der aufsuchende Charakter des Angebots der LaB, besonders bei wenig mobilen Familien, geschätzt wird.
Unterstützungsbedürfnisse pflegender Angehöriger von Menschen mit Demenz
Authors: Sonntag Julia , Schwaizer Claudia , Kreyer Christiane
Published: November 2022

Zusammenfassung: Hintergrund: Pflegende Angehörige haben einen hohen Stellenwert bei der häuslichen Versorgung von Menschen mit Demenz (MmD). Die Pflege und damit verbundenen Belastungen können sich negativ auf deren Gesundheit auswirken. KOMMA ist ein Ansatz zur Unterstützung von Angehörigen in der häuslichen Palliativversorgung, der für diese Personengruppe genutzt werden könnte. Ziel: Ziel war es, in der Literatur Unterstützungsbedürfnisse von Angehörigen von Menschen mit Demenz zu identifizieren und sie mit jenen, die Grundlage für die Entwicklung des KOMMA-Ansatzes waren, zu vergleichen. Methode: Es wurde ein integratives Review durchgeführt. Die Literaturrecherche erfolgte im Februar und März 2021 in den Datenbanken MEDLINE, CINAHL und PsycInfo. Relevante Studien wurden identifiziert, anhand von Ein- und Ausschlusskriterien selektiert und bewertet. Die Daten wurden mit einem inhaltsanalytischen Verfahren mithilfe von MAXQDA in Kategorien zugeordnet. Ergebnisse: Es wurden 23 Studien inkludiert, die in einer Zeitschrift mit Peer-Review-Verfahren veröffentlicht worden sind. Pflegende Angehörige zeigen im Vergleich zum KOMMA-Ansatz abweichende Unterstützungsbedürfnisse in den Bereichen (in-)formelle Hilfe, Zugang zu Wissen, Umgang mit physischem und psychischem Gesundheitszustand, Aufrechterhaltung der Beziehung, (vorübergehende) Abgabe der Betreuungsrolle und soziale Integration. Schlussfolgerung: Der KOMMA-Ansatz zur Erfassung von Unterstützungsbedürfnissen kann für diese Angehörigengruppe in der vorliegenden Form nicht übernommen werden. Angesichts der Fülle identifizierter Unterstützungsbedürfnisse erscheint die Entwicklung eines personenzentrierten und bedürfnisorientierten Assessments aber als wichtig.
How Nature Benefits Mental Health
Authors: Herchet Marilisa , Varadarajan Suchithra , Kolassa Iris-Tatjana , Hofmann Mathias
Published: November 2022

Abstract. We present an overview of the evidence of how nature benefits mental health, popular theories used to explain the effects, and the development potential of these theories. A large body of evidence highlights the beneficial effects of nature on mental health, with observed outcomes ranging from alleviating the symptoms of psychiatric disorders to improvements in cognitive abilities. The theoretical backbone for these salutary effects of nature consists of a set of models, mainly the attention restoration theory (ART), the stress reduction theory (SRT), and the Biophilia hypothesis. However, these high-level models are only loosely related and lack a pronounced biopsychological basis. While biopsychological measurements have been used widely in recent years, these efforts have not sufficiently been reflected in theories aiming to explain the benefits of nature contact for mental health. This paper seeks to encourage interdisciplinary work and further theory development to guide both research and practice toward strategically green and healthy living conditions.
Ocean Circulation Near Cape Hatteras: Observations of Mean and Variability
Authors: Han Lu , Seim Harvey , Bane John , Savidge Dana , Andres Magdalena , Gawarkiewicz Glen , Muglia Mike
Published: November 2022

The convergence of different water masses on the shelf and along the shelfbreak, and cross‐isobath shelf‐open ocean exchanges contribute to the complex circulation near Cape Hatteras. We examine the mean and variability of these circulations using data from nine bottom‐mounted acoustic Doppler current profilers, deployed over the mid‐ to outer‐continental shelf north and south of Cape Hatteras as part of the Processes driving Exchange At Cape Hatteras program. The 18‐month‐mean depth‐averaged shelf flows are mostly aligned with isobaths and oriented toward Cape Hatteras. At two sites just north of Cape Hatteras, mean flows have a strong cross‐shelf component. Two dominant spatial patterns in the velocity field are obtained from an empirical orthogonal function analysis. The two leading modes contain 61% of the total variance. The spatial variation of Mode 1 exhibits an along‐shelf flow pattern, while that of Mode 2 shows a convergent flow pattern. The principal component (PC) series of Mode 1 is significantly correlated with the local wind stress, confirming that the along‐shelf flow is wind‐driven as expected. The PC of Mode 2 is highly correlated with the Gulf Stream lateral position as inferred from the current‐ and pressure‐sensor‐equipped inverted echo sounders over the slope south of Cape Hatteras, which indicates that Gulf Stream movement drives time‐varying shelf flow convergence. Conditionally averaged sea‐surface temperature and high‐frequency radar‐measured surface currents based on PC1 and PC2 confirm these relationships and further illustrate how the wind and Gulf Stream forcing work together to influence the flow regime in this region.
Manipulating PP2Acα-ASK-JNK signaling to favor apoptotic over necroptotic hepatocyte fate reduces the extent of necrosis and fibrosis upon acute liver injury
Authors: Lu Ke , Shen Si-Yu , Luo Ou-Yang , Lu Yue , Shi Tian-Shu , Wu Jing , Cheng Qi , Teng Hua-Jian , Chen Di , Lu Xiang , Li Chao-Jun , Jiang Qing , Fang Lei , Xue Bin
Published: November 2022

In the widely used Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced acute liver injury (ALI) mouse model, hepatocytes are known to die from programmed cell death (PCD) processes including apoptosis and necroptosis. Both in vivo and in vitro experiments showed that CCl4 treatment could induce both apoptosis and necroptosis. Treatment of mice with the apoptosis inducer SMAC mimetic reduced necroptosis, led to less pronounced liver damage, and improved overall liver function. By LC-MS/MS, we found that PP2Acα expression was increased in ALI mice liver, and we confirmed its high expression in subacute hepatitis patients. We observed that ALI severity (including aggravated fibrogenesis) was significantly alleviated in hepatocyte-specific PP2Acα conditional knockout (PP2Acα cKO) mice. Furthermore, the relative extent of apoptosis over necroptosis was increased in the PP2Acα cKO ALI mice. Pursuing the idea that biasing the type of PCD towards apoptosis may reduce liver damage, we found that treatment of PP2Acα cKO ALI mice with the apoptosis inhibitor z-Vad-fmk increased the extent of necroptosis and caused severer damage. Mechanistically, disruption of PP2Acα prevents the dephosphorylation of pASK1(Ser967), thereby preventing the sustained activation of JNK. Inhibition of PP2Acα prevents CCl4-induced liver injury and fibrogenesis by disrupting ASK/JNK pathway mediated PCD signaling, ultimately improving liver function by biasing hepatocytes towards an apoptotic rather than necroptotic cell fate. Thus, targeting PP2A and/or ASK1 to favor apoptotic over necroptotic hepatocyte fate may represent an attractive therapeutic strategy for treating ALI.
LINC00924-induced fatty acid metabolic reprogramming facilitates gastric cancer peritoneal metastasis via hnRNPC-regulated alternative splicing of Mnk2
Authors: He Qiuming , Yang Chaogang , Xiang Zhenxian , Huang Guoquan , Wu Haitao , Chen Tingna , Dou Rongzhang , Song Jialing , Han Lei , Song TianTian , Wang Shuyi , Xiong Bin
Published: November 2022

The molecular mechanism underlying gastric cancer (GC) peritoneal metastasis (PM) remains unclear. Here, we identified LINC00924 as a GC PM-related lncRNA through Microarray sequencing. LINC00924 was highly expressed in GC, and its high expression is associated with a broad range of PM. Via RNA sequencing, RNA pulldown assay, mass spectrometry, Seahorse, Lipidomics, spheroid formation and cell viability assays, we found that LINC00924 promoted fatty acid (FA) oxidation (FAO) and FA uptake, which was essential for matrix-detached GC cell survival and spheroid formation. Regarding the mechanism, LINC00924 regulated the alternative splicing (AS) of Mnk2 pre-mRNA by binding to hnRNPC. Specifically, LINC00924 enhanced the binding of hnRNPC to Mnk2 pre-mRNA at e14a, thus downregulating Mnk2a splicing and regulating the p38 MAPK/PPARα signaling pathway. Collectively, our results demonstrate that LINC00924 plays a role in promoting GC PM and could serve as a drug target.
Biotechnologically produced chitosans with nonrandom acetylation patterns differ from conventional chitosans in properties and activities
Authors: Sreekumar Sruthi , Wattjes Jasper , Niehues Anna , Mengoni Tamara , Mendes Ana C. , Morris Edwin R. , Goycoolea Francisco M. , Moerschbacher Bruno M.
Published: November 2022

Chitosans are versatile biopolymers with multiple biological activities and potential applications. They are linear copolymers of glucosamine and N-acetylglucosamine defined by their degree of polymerisation (DP), fraction of acetylation (FA), and pattern of acetylation (PA). Technical chitosans produced chemically from chitin possess defined DP and FA but random PA, while enzymatically produced natural chitosans probably have non-random PA. This natural process has not been replicated using biotechnology because chitin de-N-acetylases do not efficiently deacetylate crystalline chitin. Here, we show that such enzymes can partially N-acetylate fully deacetylated chitosan in the presence of excess acetate, yielding chitosans with FA up to 0.7 and an enzyme-dependent non-random PA. The biotech chitosans differ from technical chitosans both in terms of physicochemical and nanoscale solution properties and biological activities. As with synthetic block co-polymers, controlling the distribution of building blocks within the biopolymer chain will open a new dimension of chitosan research and exploitation.
The nonequilibrium cost of accurate information processing
Authors: Chiribella Giulio , Meng Fei , Renner Renato , Yung Man-Hong
Published: November 2022

Accurate information processing is crucial both in technology and in nature. To achieve it, any information processing system needs an initial supply of resources away from thermal equilibrium. Here we establish a fundamental limit on the accuracy achievable with a given amount of nonequilibrium resources. The limit applies to arbitrary information processing tasks and arbitrary information processing systems subject to the laws of quantum mechanics. It is easily computable and is expressed in terms of an entropic quantity, which we name the reverse entropy, associated to a time reversal of the information processing task under consideration. The limit is achievable for all deterministic classical computations and for all their quantum extensions. As an application, we establish the optimal tradeoff between nonequilibrium and accuracy for the fundamental tasks of storing, transmitting, cloning, and erasing information. Our results set a target for the design of new devices approaching the ultimate efficiency limit, and provide a framework for demonstrating thermodynamical advantages of quantum devices over their classical counterparts.
Leveraging data-driven self-consistency for high-fidelity gene expression recovery
Authors: Islam Md Tauhidul , Wang Jen-Yeu , Ren Hongyi , Li Xiaomeng , Khuzani Masoud Badiei , Sang Shengtian , Yu Lequan , Shen Liyue , Zhao Wei , Xing Lei
Published: November 2022

Single cell RNA sequencing is a promising technique to determine the states of individual cells and classify novel cell subtypes. In current sequence data analysis, however, genes with low expressions are omitted, which leads to inaccurate gene counts and hinders downstream analysis. Recovering these omitted expression values presents a challenge because of the large size of the data. Here, we introduce a data-driven gene expression recovery framework, referred to as self-consistent expression recovery machine (SERM), to impute the missing expressions. Using a neural network, the technique first learns the underlying data distribution from a subset of the noisy data. It then recovers the overall expression data by imposing a self-consistency on the expression matrix, thus ensuring that the expression levels are similarly distributed in different parts of the matrix. We show that SERM improves the accuracy of gene imputation with orders of magnitude enhancement in computational efficiency in comparison to the state-of-the-art imputation techniques.
Activated astrocytes attenuate neocortical seizures in rodent models through driving Na+-K+-ATPase
Authors: Zhao Junli , Sun Jinyi , Zheng Yang , Zheng Yanrong , Shao Yuying , Li Yulan , Fei Fan , Xu Cenglin , Liu Xiuxiu , Wang Shuang , Ruan Yeping , Liu Jinggen , Duan Shumin , Chen Zhong , Wang Yi
Published: November 2022

Epileptic seizures are widely regarded to occur as a result of the excitation-inhibition imbalance from a neuro-centric view. Although astrocyte-neuron interactions are increasingly recognized in seizure, elementary questions about the causal role of astrocytes in seizure remain unanswered. Here we show that optogenetic activation of channelrhodopsin-2-expressing astrocytes effectively attenuates neocortical seizures in rodent models. This anti-seizure effect is independent from classical calcium signaling, and instead related to astrocytic Na+-K+-ATPase-mediated buffering K+, which activity-dependently inhibits firing in highly active pyramidal neurons during seizure. Compared with inhibition of pyramidal neurons, astrocyte stimulation exhibits anti-seizure effects with several advantages, including a wider therapeutic window, large-space efficacy, and minimal side effects. Finally, optogenetic-driven astrocytic Na+-K+-ATPase shows promising therapeutic effects in a chronic focal cortical dysplasia epilepsy model. Together, we uncover a promising anti-seizure strategy with optogenetic control of astrocytic Na+-K+-ATPase activity, providing alternative ideas and a potential target for the treatment of intractable epilepsy.
Thrombosis and thrombocytopenia after vaccination against and infection with SARS-CoV-2 in the United Kingdom
Authors: Burn Edward , Li Xintong , Delmestri Antonella , Jones Nathan , Duarte-Salles Talita , Reyes Carlen , Martinez-Hernandez Eugenia , Marti Edelmira , Verhamme Katia M. C. , Rijnbeek Peter R. , Strauss Victoria Y. , Prieto-Alhambra Daniel
Published: November 2022

Population-based studies can provide important evidence on the safety of COVID-19 vaccines. Using data from the United Kingdom, here we compare observed rates of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia following vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 and infection with SARS-CoV-2 with background (expected) rates in the general population. First and second dose cohorts for ChAdOx1 or BNT162b2 between 8 December 2020 and 2 May 2021 in the United Kingdom were identified. A further cohort consisted of people with no prior COVID-19 vaccination who were infected with SARS-Cov-2 identified by a first positive PCR test between 1 September 2020 and 2 May 2021. The fourth general population cohort for background rates included those people in the database as of 1 January 2017. In total, we included 3,768,517 ChAdOx1 and 1,832,841 BNT162b2 vaccinees, 401,691 people infected with SARS-CoV-2, and 9,414,403 people from the general population. An increased risk of venous thromboembolism was seen after first dose of ChAdOx1 (standardized incidence ratio: 1.12 [95% CI: 1.05 to 1.20]), BNT162b2 (1.12 [1.03 to 1.21]), and positive PCR test (7.27 [6.86 to 7.72]). Rates of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were higher than otherwise expected after first dose of ChAdOx1 (4.14 [2.54 to 6.76]) and a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive test (3.74 [1.56 to 8.98]). Rates of arterial thromboembolism after vaccination were no higher than expected but were increased after a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive test (1.39 [1.21 to 1.61]). Rates of venous thromboembolism with thrombocytopenia were higher than expected after a SARS-CoV-2 PCR positive test (5.76 [3.19 to 10.40]).