bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RE-MARRIAGE PRACTICE AMONGST MUSLIM WOMEN: A SOCIAL STUDY BASED ON QUAZI COURT OF BERUWALA
Authors: Saujan Iqbal , Mohamed Nairoos Mohamed Haniffa , Ahmed S.H. Aathif
Published: June 2022

Widows encounter plenty of negative socio-economic consequences due to the increasing divorce among Sri Lankan Muslims. Especially divorce is prevalent among Muslims in the study area, and it is common for women to face various socio-economic and psychological challenges after divorce. As an alternative to these issues encountered, Islam has introduced and encouraged remarriage. In that respect, the study aims to assess the concept of remarriage of Muslim women who have divorced and identify the factors that hinder remarriage. Primary and secondary data collection methods were used in this study. In the first stage of data collection, the report of the divisional Quazi Court was obtained and the details of the divorced women were obtained through the documentary analysis. As the second step of data collection, a closed questionnaire was distributed among the divorced women and an unstructured interview was conducted with them. Interviews and telephone conversations were conducted with those 152 divorced women who were selected on the basis of convenient sampling methods and as well as by newly elected clergy, intellectuals, school administrators, and parents of divorced women. Moreover, other publications such as research articles, texts, journals, and web articles were read. It appears that there is a low number of remarriages in practice in the research area Beruwala and the women in the study area are found to be uninvolved in remarriage. In this case, it was detected that, the influence of the research sample's psychological, social and familial factors. In this regard, awareness needs to be raised as remarriage is an excellent solution to the various economic and social challenges faced by divorced women.
Development of Indigenous Physics as Solution to Socio-economic Problems: Insights from Physics Teachers and Elders
Authors: Mudzamiri Edson , Chagwiza Conlious.J. , T .Madudzo Ensleem
Published: June 2022

The limited application of Indigenous Physics in the development programs of many nations has resulted in the emergence and reoccurrence of many socio-economic problems. This study argues that, if Indigenous physics including its teaching, learning and practice are demystified and developed people’s socio-economic problems can be solved. Indigenous physics is a reservoir of critical scientific knowledge, skills, technology and practices that are compatible with the people’s socio-economic contexts hence can offer solutions to problems such as energy crisis and those associated with climatic change as well as environmental degradation. Electricity shortages may be minimized by increasing its generation using Indigenous Physics Knowledge of electrostatics applied in creating of lightning that requires neither large dams, foreign currency nor large workforce. This qualitative study adopted Post-colonial theory ideas grounded in indigenous research paradigm. The participants were selected purposively, and interviewed. Teachers formed focus groups while Elders engaged in cultural talks at cultural meetings. Thematic data analysis revealed findings indicating that development of IP is possible and necessary as it can provide solutions to people’s problems. The study stimulates new thoughts and generates discussion on the wealth of Indigenous Physics Knowledge that can be used to solve socio-economic problems .
A CRITICAL STUDY OF THE PROPOSITIONS OF CEDRIC DOUPON & FLORANCE PASSY ON THE APPROACHES OF ARAB SOCIAL MOVEMENTS
Authors: SADKI Naima , A. NAAS Ehab
Published: June 2022

The Eastern European countries, some Latin American countries, the republics of the Soviet Union, and some Arab countries have been knew a deep change shock politically, economically and socially. It has been called the third wave of democratization . At the same time, theoretical proposals to explain it, represented in the modernizing approach - the transitional approach - the structural approach - the cultural approach. Also, the western mind was the first who theorize about the recent events in our Arab region. Eastern explanations have been given with different descriptions, it employed terms such as (the Arab Spring, the Arab revolutions, the Arab uprisings, the political movement), As concepts that reflect Western perceptions. Although some Arab researchers have against these description. Key words: Democratization, Social Movement, Arab Spring, Scholars, Arab Countries.
THE LEGAL SYSTEM OF ARBITRATION IN INTERNATIONAL CONTRACTS
Authors: HACHIM Suheir , AL HASHEMI Salah Mahdi
Published: June 2022

The legal system of arbitration in international contracts. Arbitration is defined as the establishment of a special judicial system to be undertaken by individuals with the power to adjudicate in Disputes and parties are the ones who evaluate it and determine its competence. Arbitration has been considered one of the most successful means of resolving disputes by peaceful means since ancient times The rulers of ancient China took it, and before the state-imposed recourse to the judiciary by enacting laws, the Greeks took it since their early times as a means for a political and judicial settlement, just as religious and ethnic minorities in Europe resorted to it, which did not recognize the authority of the Church or the authority of the king, In the old European law, the “Moulin” order issued in 1566 considered arbitration necessary not only in commercial cases, but in all other settlements, and for its part, Article 01 of the French decree dated 16-20 August 1790 considered that arbitration is the most rational way to end individual disputes. The arbitration system is characterized by some characteristics such as speed in procedures, flexibility, and confidentiality, in addition to the great freedom that the arbitration parties enjoy in agreeing on the legal rules that govern them, based on the principle of the authority of the will. In addition, the study of arbitration in international contracts derives its importance from the role it plays in the economies of developing and developed countries alike, because countries are often bound by bilateral or collective agreements aimed at protecting their organization through the conclusion of contracts between the state. Key words: The Legal System, International Contracts.
İsmail Hakkı AKSOYAK (2017), Osmanlı Türkçesi (Okuma Kitabı)
Authors: RJOUB Baha
Published: June 2022

Prof. Dr. İ. Hakkı Aksoyak tarafından kaleme alınan bu eser, lisans, lisansüstü ve Osmanlı Türkçesini ilgi duyan herkese yaralı olabilecek bir eserdir. Grafiker yayınları tarafında 2017 yılında 13. Baskısı okuyucuların teveccühüne sunuldu, ayrıca ilk baskı 2009 yılında yayınlandı.

Bu kitap kapsamlılığı, açıklığı ve ayrıntılı olması bakımından ayırt edilmektedir. Onu almayı ve onunla Osmanlı Türkçesi derslerini işlemeyi onlarca hoca tavsiye ederler ve öneriler. Kitapta altı sayfadan oluşan bir önsüzün arkasından çeşitli tablolar gelmektedir, (Kısaltmalar, Osmanlı Türkçesi genel gramer, metinler, Farsça fiiller ve alfabe ve çeviri yazı “Transkripsiyon”) tabloları verilmiştir, aynı zamanda Osmanlı Türkçesinde geçen gramer terimleri açıklanmıştır, ardından kitabın ana bölümlerine geçilir, kitap üç ana bölümden oluşmaktadır.
Adaptive Phase Lead Compensation for Model Uncertainties Problem of Autonomous Land Vehicles in Irregular Milieus
Authors: Boucetta Rahma , Bahri Radwen , Ali Saloua Bel Hadj
Published: June 2022

In this research paper, digital and analog adaptive phase lead control schemes for model uncertainties problem are proposed to Autonomous Land Vehicles (ALV) in highly irregular environments. The developed compensators are used to improve control performances and maintain robustness against uncertainties and external disturbances. To consider real soil changes and irregularities, 2 approaches are addressed: The 1st approach is a digital phase lead controller synthesized to keep closed loop performances in spite of analog system uncertainties. The 2nd control strategy rests on adaptive analog compensator to reduce model uncertainties impact using programmable resistors. Both control approaches are theoretically detailed, and then implemented on a test bed to compare real time results in terms of accuracy and rapidity in the model uncertainties case.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
From colour adjective to degree modifier
Authors: Paradis Carita
Published: June 2022

This short contribution is concerned with the development of the colour adjective blå (blue) in Swedish and the underlying semantic conditions and mechanisms that have been favourable for the development of the new senses that have gained ground among speakers.
RELATO DE CASO - LEISHMANIOSE EM UM CÃO
Authors: Rocha Diana De Oliveira Azevedo Carvalho , Costa Graciele Pereira , Mendes Hélen Larissa Da Costa , Oliveira Mateus Santos De , Pereira Júnior Hildo Aniceto
Published: June 2022

Introdução: A Leishmaniose Visceral Canina (LVC) é causada por um protozoário do gênero Leishmania spp., é uma grave doença que atinge várias espécies, inclusive o cão que é o maior reservatório do meio urbano e o homem. É transmitida pela picada de flebotomíneos onde a forma promastigota ocorre no vetor e a forma amastigota ocorre no hospedeiro vertebrado. Os sinais clínicos se manifestam de acordo com o grau de infestação e imunidade do hospedeiro. Objetivos: Descrever um caso de leishmaniose visceral canina, assim como os sinais clínicos e tratamento. Metodologia: Foi atendido num hospital veterinário na cidade de Guanambi – BA, um canino, fêmea, da raça akita, de um ano e de idade, em que o tutor relatou observar lesões nos membros, onde o animal coçava muito. Ao exame físico apresentou temperatura 39.5, linfonodos poplíteos reativos e ferimento nos 4 membros. Com isso, foi solicitado hemograma, teste rápido de leishmaniose. Num segundo momento foi solicitado punção de linfonodo para pesquisa de leishmaniose e os exames bioquímicos (ALT, FA, ureia, creatinina). Resultados: O hemograma apresentou trombocitopenia e o teste de leishmaniose deu positivo, assim, foi solicitado punção de linfonodo, onde deu positivo, sendo classificada com duas cruzes (++) e os exames bioquímicos que não apresentou alterações. Diante da avaliação clínica do paciente, juntamente com os exames e orientações aos tutores, optou-se pela realização do tratamento, que consistiu no uso de: alopurinol 300mg (bid, uso contínuo), corticorten 20 mg (bid, por 7dias), domperidona 10mg (sid, por 30 dias), milteforan (sid, por 28 dias), petprazol 20mg (sid, por 28 dias, 1h antes do milteforan), vacinação (2 doses, a cada 21 dias, total de 3 momentos, e após a cada 6 meses 2 doses). Foi recomendado também uso de coleira repelente e ectoparasiticida de acordo com as recomendações do fabricante. O paciente segue monitorado e até o presente momento não apresentou alterações, assim como as lesões de pele desapareceram. Conclusão: A leishmaniose é uma doença que apresenta alto risco a saúde pública, por isso, o médico veterinário deve atuar em conjunto com o tutor para manutenção de um tratamento adequado e que trará segurança para todos.
The knowledge of general practitioners about chiropractic as a factor that may influence health care integration in South Africa
Authors:   , Louw Jan Daniel
Published: June 2022

Several studies in Europe, Canada and the USA indicate that communication between GP’s and chiropractors is not ideal. Langworthy and Birkelid’s (2001) study concluded that with increasing emphasis on multidisciplinary health care, greater understanding and better communication is needed in order for the patient to obtain optimum benefits. The medical profession in the past has generally been opposed to the theories and practice of chiropractic, for a variety of reasons, including lack of scientific validity as well as unsubstantiated management utility (Silver, 1980). However, a Canadian study indicates that much progress has been made in diminishing the gap between GP’s and chiropractors (Verhoef and Page, 1996). Few studies have investigated GPs’ knowledge, awareness and attitudes toward complementary and alternative health care providers, especially in relation to the balance between market rivalry and interprofessional care (Langworthy and Smink, 2000). One such study performed in the Netherlands by Brussee et al. (2001) found that a statistically significant relationship existed between the level of knowledge of chiropractic and the frequency of referral of patients by GP’s. In the UK, it was found that many GP’s were more comfortable in referring to physiotherapists because they felt they had a better understanding of the treatment involved (Breen, et al., 2000). The chiropractic profession is attempting to improve co-operation with the medical profession via the scientific validation of its theories and practice through research (Rubens, 1996). The current perception in South Africa is that GP’s do not tend to refer patients to chiropractors. This has implications for chiropractic in the South African context in terms of integration. Therefore, as the current “gatekeepers” of primary healthcare, it is important to ascertain the perception and knowledge that this group has of the chiropractic profession in South Africa. The purpose of this investigation was therefore to determine the current knowledge and perception of GP’s in South Africa of chiropractors and chiropractic treatment in general. This should establish a knowledge base to facilitate greater understanding and co-operation between GP’s and chiropractors.
The prevalence and factors associated with occupational overuse syndrome in the hands and wrists of chiropractors in South Africa
Authors:   , Mathews Michael
Published: June 2022

The aim was to evaluate the prevalence of hand and wrist pain, as well as the relationships between occupational overuse syndromes in the hands and wrists of chiropractors in South Africa as a result of their daily use of manual therapy techniques while at work. There are very few statistics available that disclose the nature and incidence of work related injuries. However those statistics that do exist suggest that hands on patient activities place physical therapists at greater risk of injury in comparison to other health care workers (Lunne et al., 2000). A study conducted by Bork et al.(1996) determined the prevalence of work-related musculoskeletal injuries sustained by physical therapists. Hand pain (29.6%) and back pain (45%) where the leading cause of pain in physical therapists (Bork et al., 1996.) Chiropractic and physiotherapy are both health care professions that specialize in the treatment of disorders pertaining to the neuro-musculo-skeletal system (Hunter, 2004). Physical therapists use manual therapy techniques as part of their daily working activities, so it can be assumed that chiropractors too will have a high prevalence of hand and wrist pain as they utilize similar therapeutic techniques to physical therapists. Cromie et al.(2000) evaluated the prevalence, severity, risks, and responses of disorders in physical therapists. He identified 4 categories of major risk factors commonly associated with workers musculo-skeletal disorders in physical therapists 1. Risk factors related to specific activities. 2. Postural risk factors. 3. Risk factors with regard to work load issues 4. Risk factors in regard of work capacity and health of the participant (Cromie et al., 2000). Physical risk factors found to be associated with neck, shoulder, or hand and wrist disorders in cross sectional studies are heavy lifting, monotonous work, static work postures, vibrations and repetitive jobs, and a high work pace (Alfredsson et al., 1999). Other factors that have been associated with musculoskeletal pain are higher age and female gender (de Zwart et al., 2001; Wahlstedt et al., 2001; Feveile et al., 2002).
The relative effectiveness and correct sequencing of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation techniques (PNFT) and active rocker-board exercises in the rehabilitation of chronic ankle sprains
Authors:   , Gaines Dominique
Published: June 2022

Previously the focus has been on the improvement of strength prior to proprioception (Calliet, 1997; Flemister et al. 1998 and Buhler et al. 2002). However according to Oloff (1994); Vegso (1995); Calliet (1997); Kawaguchi (1999); Buhler et al. (2002) and McGrew et al. (2003), focus should lie in obtaining a functional range of motion (increased flexibility) and proprioceptive ability and strength will follow with normalization of the relationship of the anatomical structures. All research in this regard has never assessed the assumption that the strength of the relevant musculature would return (Blokker et al.1992 and Klaue et al.1998). The objectives of this study were: to determine the relative effectiveness of Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation as compared to the Active Rocker-Board Exercises in the rehabilitation of chronic ankle sprains; as well as to determine the best sequence of applying these techniques to chronic ankle sprains in terms of objective clinical findings.
A model for staff retention for radiographers employed at selected tertiary hospitals in the KwaZulu-Natal province, South Africa
Authors:   , Pillay Melisa
Published: June 2022

Background Radiography as a profession is evolving, with an increased demand for the retention of radiographers. The staffing crisis in radiography is not only a South African concern but also global a one, with public hospitals in the KwaZulu-Natal province being evidence to the shortage. This crisis is exacerbated by the challenge in retaining radiographers. Various factors have led to the turnover of radiographers from the public to the private sectors, as well as emigration to other countries. Therefore, there is a dire need to identify these factors and retain radiographers in KZN‟s public hospitals. Aim The aim of this study was to explore the factors that influence the retention of radiographers employed by tertiary hospitals in the KZN province in order to develop a model to improve staff retention. Method The explanatory sequential mixed methods design was used to conduct this study in two phases. Phase 1 was conducted in the form of questionnaires with closed-ended questions. These questionnaires were answered by the radiographers and managers employed in public tertiary hospitals in the KZN province. A total of 138 questionnaires were completed, returned and analysed. The findings from phase 1 were used to develop a semi-structured interview with open-ended questions. A total of 10 participants from the five selected hospitals were included to participate in the interviews. The results of the two phases were then integrated. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS version 22) and statistical analysis tests were used to analyse the quantitative data, whilst thematic analysis was used to identify themes from the qualitative data. The Herzberg‟s two-factor theory was used as a guide to the factors that influence the retention of staff. Findings The results from the two phases of data collection indicated that a lack of career pathing was the primary motivational factor affecting staff retention. There were also three hygiene factors that affected staff retention, namely the influence of working conditions on staff retention, government policies and inadequate remuneration. Factors that were identified as having a negative effect on staff retention were related to the increase in resignations and the factors that had a positive effect were related to a lesser intent to leave. The outcome of the study led to the development of a model for the staff retention of radiographers. Conclusion The factors that influenced resignation and the factors that were conductive to staff retention were explored. This led to the development of a model for staff retention.
Anadolu’daki Nakşî Şairlerin Mes̱nevî’ye İlgisi
Authors: YİĞİTEROL Ömer Faruk
Published: June 2022

Öz: Anadolu’nun tasavvufî hayatına en fazla etkisi olduğu düşünülen yollardan biri olan Nakşibendîlik ve Mevlevîliğin piri Mevlânâ’nın Mes̱nevî isimli şaheseri, bu çalışmayla ortak bir paydada buluşturulmuştur. 15. yüzyılda Anadolu’ya Nakşîliği getiren Abdullah İlâhî’yle halifeleri Emîr Buhârî ve Âbid Çelebi’nin başlangıçta Mes̱nevî’ye olan ilgi ve alakaları bilin-mektedir. Yine aynı yüzyılda bu ilgi ve alaka, şair Sürûrî’yle birlikte edebî yakınlaşmayı beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu ilişki, sonraki yüzyıllarda da kesilmeden devam etmiş ve gü-nümüze dek ulaşmıştır. Bu makalede, özellikle şair olan Nakşîlerin Mes̱nevî’ye ilgisi irde-lenmek istenmiş; şiiri olmayan müellif Nakşîler ve edip olmayan Nakşî şahsiyetler, muh-tevaya dâhil edilmemiştir. Çalışmada öncelikle, Mes̱nevî’nin kültür ve ilim hayatımızdaki yeri ve önemi, Mes̱nevî’ye olan ilgi ve Mesnevîhanlık müessesesinden bahsedilmiştir. Sonra, Nakşîlerin hangi sebeplerle Mes̱nevî’yle yakınlık kurduğu ya da kurmuş olabileceği belirtilmiş, ardından Mes̱nevî’yle alakası tespit edilen 12 Nakşî şairin hayatı hakkında kısaca bilgiler verilip Mes̱nevî’yle olan ilişkilerinden söz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Son kısımda da Nakşî şairler ile Mes̱nevî ilişkisindeki tarafların birbirlerine etkilerinden söz edilmiş; Nakşî şairler ile Mes̱nevî arasındaki ilişkiye dair tespitler sunulmuştur. Ayrıca bu makale-nin, tasavvuf tarihi araştırmalarının konularından olan tarikatlar arasındaki ilişkilere, kaynaklık ve örneklik edeceği düşünülmektedir.
Uncovering Insights Gained from Applying Block Mode of Teaching: Case of Higher Education
Authors: Thi Thao TRINH Nguyen , GHAPANCHI Amir Hossein , PURARJOMANDLANGRUDI Afrooz
Published: June 2022

Block Model of Teaching (BMT) is a teaching approach that can lead to higher level of productivity and performance by having a compressed style of teaching. Although BMT is not a new concept to secondary or high schools, the adoption of this mode of teaching in higher education is still limited.
Strategic Human Resources Management and Multinational Strategic Management as Core Topics in Strategic Management: Rapid Review Results
Authors: PAWLICZEK Adam , KOLUMBER Stefan , KOLOS Pavel , CHLOPECKY Jakub
Published: June 2022

The presented paper is merely theoretical and deals with the issue of the most popular recent topics in the world of strategic management. The methodology applied in the proposed paper is based upon the advanced rapid review technique.
Ukrainian Migrants in the Polish Labour Market: HRM Selected Issues
Authors: SZABAN Dorota
Published: June 2022

The study aims to investigate the challenges for human resource management practices according to the increasing number of Ukrainian employees working in Poland. This paper applies a desk research methodology. The study is based on a statistical, official data register.
OS ASPECTOS DA COMUNICAÇÃO DO SUJEITO SURDO E A SUA INCLUSÃO NA SOCIEDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA
Authors: Gomes Francisco Albertino , Montenegro Rúbia Kátia Azevedo
Published: June 2022

Sabe-se que a inclusão de surdos tem sido um tema recorrente nas discussões a respeito das barreiras comunicacionais presentes na sociedade. Tal dificuldade decorre da falta de conhecimento dos ouvintes em relação aos surdos enquanto minoria linguística, visto que a língua majoritária do Brasil é a Língua Portuguesa. Dessa forma, o presente estudo objetiva principalmente, analisar as dificuldades existentes em relação à comunicação dos sujeitos surdos com os ouvintes, na sociedade contemporânea, e de apresentar brevemente os aspectos sobre a história da trajetória dos surdos, as abordagens educacionais que foram criadas ao longo do tempo, a Língua Brasileira de Sinais como Língua dos sujeitos, algumas leis que regem direitos para os surdos e também, as principais dificuldades vivenciadas pelos surdos em diferentes esferas sociais. Essa pesquisa possui caráter qualitativo e em relação ao objetivo proposto, é exploratória. O procedimento técnico adotado neste trabalho foi do tipo bibliográfico, por meio da utilização de livros, artigos científicos e teses relacionadas à área da surdez e sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais. Para a coleta de dados, foi realizada uma entrevista semiestruturada em Libras com um sujeito surdo usuário da Língua Brasileira de Sinais, e depois foi traduzida para a Língua Portuguesa. Espera-se que as informações aqui contidas por meio das pesquisas realizadas, proporcionem ao leitor conhecimento sobre o sujeito surdo, sobre a surdez e sobre a Língua Brasileira de Sinais, de forma que ajudem com o aumento da inclusão, desses sujeitos na sociedade e também, possibilitem melhorias dos problemas advindos da interação linguística entre sujeitos surdos e ouvintes.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DO CIRURGIÃO - DENTISTA NA UNIDADE DE TERAPIA INTENSIVA (UTI)
Authors: Leite Juliana Cirqueira , Propércio Samara Carneiro , Rocha Angélica Pereira
Published: June 2022

O presente artigo consiste em uma revisão de literatura sobre a importancia do cirurgião-dentista na unidade de terapia intensiva(UTI). O objetivo deste estudo é destacar a relevância  do cirurgião-dentista na área hospitalar, dando ênfase à Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI) e correlacionar a importância de um cirurgião-dentista na equipe multiprofissional das UTIs, para intervir e monitorar a saúde bucal dos pacientes. Considerando que a higiene bucal é realizada por outros profissionais, estudos relatam falhas na execução da mesma, que podem contribuir para complicações infecciosas na evolução clínica do paciente, comprometendo a qualidade da assistência prestada. A higiene bucal é um fator significante e, quando bem aplicada, diminui os índices de infecção, principalmente a pneumonia nosocomial nos pacientes em modalidade de ventilação mecânica. Concluiu-se que em sendo a saúde bucal intimamente relacionada à saúde geral, deve-se instituir cuidados relativos à mesma em pacientes internados em UTI, preferencialmente realizados por um cirurgião-dentista, evitando comorbidades prejudiciais nesta situação.
Record-breaking statistics detect islands of cooling in a sea of warming
Authors: Sena Elisa T. , Koren Ilan , Altaratz Orit , Kostinski Alexander B.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Record-breaking statistics are combined here with geographic mode of exploration to construct a new object: a record-breaking map. Such maps are shown here to reveal surprisingly robust statistical results and spatial content. Specifically, we examine a time series of sea surface temperature (SST) values and show that high SST records have been broken far more frequently than the expected rate for a trend-free random variable (TFRV) over the vast majority of oceans (83 % of the grid cells). This, together with the asymmetry between high and low records and their deviation from a TRFV, indicate SST warming over most oceans, obtained by using a general and simple-to-use method. The spatial patterns of this warming are coherent and reveal islands of cooling, such as the "cold blob" in the North Atlantic and a surprising elliptical area in the Southern Ocean, near the Ross sea gyre, not previously reported.
In situ observation of riming in mixed-phase clouds using the PHIPS probe
Authors: Waitz Fritz , Schnaiter Martin , Leisner Thomas , Järvinen Emma
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Mixed-phase clouds consist of both supercooled liquid water droplets and solid ice crystals. Despite having a significant impact on earth's climate, mixed-phase clouds are poorly understood and not well represented in climate prediction models.
One piece of the puzzle is understanding and parameterizing riming of mixed-phase cloud ice crystals, which is one of the main growth mechanisms of ice crystals via the accretion of small, supercooled droplets.
Especially the extent of riming on ice crystals smaller than 500 µm is often overlooked in studies – mainly because observations are scarce.
Here, we investigated riming in mixed-phase clouds during three airborne campaigns in the Arctic, the Southern Ocean and US east coast. Riming was observed from stereo-microscopic cloud particle images recorded with the Particle Habit Imaging and Polar Scattering (PHIPS) probe.
We show that riming is most prevalent at temperatures around −7 ∘C, where, on average, 43 % of the investigated particles in a size range of 100≤D≤700 µm showed evidence of riming.
We discuss the occurrence and properties of rimed ice particles and show the correlation of the occurrence and the amount of riming with ambient microphysical parameters.
We show that riming fraction increases with ice particle size (<20 % for D≤200 µm, 35 %–40 % for D≥400 µm) and liquid water content (25 % for LWC ≤0.05 g m−3, up to 60 % for LWC = 0.5 g m−3).
We investigate the aging of rimed particles and the difference between “normal” and “epitaxial” riming based on a case study.
Climate changes and the formation of fluvial terraces in central Amazonia inferred from landscape evolution modeling
Authors: do Prado Ariel Henrique , de Almeida Renato Paes , Galeazzi Cristiano Padalino , Sacek Victor , Schlunegger Fritz
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Climate changes have been considered an essential factor controlling the shaping of the recent alluvial landscapes in central Amazonia, with implications for explaining the biogeographic patterns in the region. This landscape is characterized by wide floodplains and various terrace levels at different elevations. A set of older terraces with ages between 50 and >200 ka occupy the higher portions of central Amazonia, whereas multiple terraces next to floodplains occur at lower elevations and display ages of a few thousand years. These lower terraces, referred to as middle–lower terraces, reveal what can be perceived as a stochastic pattern both in space and time. Despite the widespread occurrence of these geomorphic features, no process-oriented analysis has been conducted to explain their formation. Here, we develop a landscape evolution model referred to as SPASE (Sedimentary Processes and Alluvial Systems Evolution) to explicitly account for fluvial erosion and deposition in combination with lateral channel migration to explore the controls on terrace development. The model results show that the higher terraces were deposited under the condition of a higher base level for the basins upstream of the confluence between the Solimões and Negro rivers. The subsequent decrease in the base level initiated a phase of gradual incision, thereby resulting in the current fluvial configuration.
The model also predicts that high-frequency climate changes resulted in the
construction of middle–lower terraces at various elevations which, however, are
all situated at lower elevation than the higher terrace levels. Our model
shows that dry-to-wet shifts in climate, in relation to the modern situation, yield a landscape architecture where middle–lower terrace levels are better preserved than wet-to-dry changes in climate, again if the current situation is considered as reference. Finally, our results show that fast and widespread landscape changes possibly occurred in response to
high-frequency climate changes in central Amazonia, at least since the Late
Pleistocene, with great implications for the distribution and connectivity
of different biotic environments in the region. Because of this short timescale of response to external perturbations, we suggest that the streams in
central Amazonia possibly also respond in rapid and sensitive ways to human
perturbations.
GeoAI: a review of artificial intelligence approaches for the interpretation of complex geomatics data
Authors: Pierdicca Roberto , Paolanti Marina
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Researchers have explored the benefits and applications of modern artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms in different scenarios. For the processing of geomatics data, AI offers overwhelming opportunities. Fundamental questions include how AI can be specifically applied to or must be specifically created for geomatics data. This change is also having a significant impact on geospatial data. The integration of AI approaches in geomatics has developed into the concept of geospatial artificial intelligence (GeoAI), which is a new paradigm for geographic knowledge discovery and beyond. However, little systematic work currently exists on how researchers have applied AI for geospatial domains. Hence, this contribution outlines AI-based techniques for analysing and interpreting complex geomatics data.
Our analysis has covered several gaps, for instance defining relationships between AI-based approaches and geomatics data. First, technologies and tools used for data acquisition are outlined, with a particular focus on red–green–blue (RGB) images, thermal images, 3D point clouds, trajectories, and hyperspectral–multispectral images. Then, how AI approaches have been exploited for the interpretation of geomatic data is explained. Finally, a broad set of examples of applications is given, together with the specific method applied. Limitations point towards unexplored areas for future investigations, serving as useful guidelines for future research directions.
Technical note: Efficient imaging of hydrological units below lakes and fjords with a floating, transient electromagnetic (FloaTEM) system
Authors: Maurya Pradip Kumar , Christensen Frederik Ersted , Kass Masson Andy , Pedersen Jesper B. , Frederiksen Rasmus R. , Foged Nikolaj , Christiansen Anders Vest , Auken Esben
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Imaging geological layers beneath lakes, rivers, and shallow seawater
provides detailed information critical for hydrological modeling, geologic
studies, contaminant mapping, and more. However, significant engineering and interpretation challenges have limited the applications, preventing
widespread adoption in aquatic environments. We have developed a towed
transient electromagnetic (tTEM) system for a new, easily configurable
floating, transient electromagnetic instrument (FloaTEM) capable of imaging
the subsurface beneath both freshwater and saltwater. Based on the
terrestrial tTEM instrument, the FloaTEM system utilizes a similar
philosophy of a lightweight towed transmitter with a trailing offset
receiver pulled by a small boat. The FloaTEM system is tailored to the
specific freshwater or saltwater application as necessary, allowing
investigations down to 100 m in freshwater environments and up to 20 m on saline waters. Through synthetic analysis, we show how the depth of
investigation of the FloaTEM system greatly depends on the resistivity and
thickness of the water column. The system has been successfully deployed in
Denmark for a variety of hydrologic investigations, improving the ability to understand and model processes beneath water bodies. We present two freshwater applications and a saltwater application. Imaging results reveal
significant heterogeneities in the sediment types below the freshwater
lakes. The saline water example demonstrates that the system is capable of
identifying and distinguishing clay and sand layers below the saline water column.
ROAD NETWORK EXTRACTION USING GPS TRAJECTORIES BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL AND SKELETONIZATION ALGORITHMS
Authors: Dal Poz A. P. , Martins E. F. O. , Zanin R. B.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In this article, a method for road network extraction is proposed, based on GPS (Global Positioning System) trajectories. Unlike existing methods, it is not necessary to resample the GPS trajectories into a raster structure; instead, all analyses are based on the polylines that represent the GPS trajectories. Basically, a morphological analysis and a skeletonization technique are used by the proposed method. Two main steps of the method can be identified: the first step consists in generating an elongated polygon (that delimitates an elongated ribbon) that represents the selected road; and the second step aims at reconstructing the road network. The proposed method was evaluated based on four GPS trajectory datasets and the results obtained can be considered good, but some inconsistencies were noted, as for example: extraction failures occur in places with very low trajectory density (such as 3–4 trajectories); merging of very close and parallel roads; some road crossings that are close to one another have been merged into a single point. The proposed method was also compared with existing methods in the literature and the obtained results showed good consistency between them.
TECHNOLOGICAL FRAMEWORK OF INTELLIGENT MANAGEMENT AND APPLICATION ON GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
Authors: Li M. , Wang S. , Bai J. , Liu X. , Wang C.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. The traditional geographic information management and application mode cannot meet the needs of intelligent management and on demand application of massive multi-source heterogeneous data. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a technical framework of intelligent governance and application of geographic information. This technical framework is intended to realize the transformation of geographic information inspection from complexity to simplicity and stability, data management from isolated island to integration, and data application from single to on-demand. In the process of intelligent management of geographic information, this paper mainly carries out technical research from different links of collection, management, storage and apply, so as to optimize and improve the quality control, state detection, intelligent management and decision-making application of geographic information. The research contents include three parts, including quality intelligent control, multidimensional data management and life cycle intelligent monitoring.
RISK ANALYSIS OF CYCLING ACCIDENTS USING A TRAFFIC DEMAND MODEL
Authors: Wage O. , Bienzeisler L. , Sester M.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. In Germany, accidents are collected nationwide, including also bicycle accidents. To determine accident-prone locations, it is necessary to not only look at the number of accidents but also in relation to the absolute number of cyclists traversing that location. Thus, this study exploits a collection of bicycle accidents in combination with estimated cyclist volumes on street level in Hanover (Germany). The basis for the generated bicycle volumes is the resulting origin-destination demand for bicycle mode from an agent-based traffic simulation model. A normalization of the accidents by an absolute bicycle volume allows to estimate a risk score and to compare high frequented ways with less popular minor paths in an objective manner. This method is used to show locations with comparatively high risk for cyclists. Besides highlighting these spots on a map, e.g. for city planners, the resulting risk scores can be integrated into bicycle routing to avoid those areas for future trips.
SPATIAL EQUITY OF CITY PUBLIC OPEN SPACES BASED ON G2SFCA: A CASE STUDY OF WUHAN, CHINA
Authors: Dong J. , Yang Y. , Luo M. , Cheng Q. , Zhang X. , Wang Y.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Urban public open spaces refer to open space between architectural structures in a city or urban agglomeration that is open for urban residents to conduct public exchanges and hold various activities, and their spatial distribution characteristics are important indicators to measure the sustainable development of urban ecological society. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the rationality of urban public open space layout for practical guidance. Address this problem, taking Wuhan as an example, this paper uses high-resolution grid population density data and web map API to construct an evaluation system for the spatial equity of urban public open spaces based on the accessibility index calculated from G2SFCA. The results showed that the layout of public open spaces in Wuhan is not reasonable, and there are significant spatial differences in the accessibility index of different types of public open spaces, as well as a certain degree of imbalance between them and the spatial distribution of population, indicating that there is a "mismatch" and "dislocation" in the supply-demand relationship of public open spaces in Wuhan. These results explain the fairness of public open space layout in Wuhan and provide a scientific basis for a more reasonable and equitable allocation of urban public open spaces in Wuhan.
HYBRID AERIAL SENSOR DATA AS BASIS FOR A GEOSPATIAL DIGITAL TWIN
Authors: Bacher U.
Published: June 2022

Abstract. More and more cities declare themselves to be a smart city or plan to be the same. Smart cities require a solid data source as basis for all further actions and the urban digital twin is the basis on which all information is collected and analysed. The urban digital twin is much more than just a 3D city model, but often this together with GIS data is the starting point for the urban digital twin. The basis of the urban digital twin is formed by geospatial data in the form of the geospatial digital twin. The digital twin hereby acts as a kind of hub into which all relevant and available information is included and analysed. To generate a geospatial digital twin aerial sensors that collect multiple data simultaneously, hybrid sensors, are perfectly suited for this task. In aerial data acquisition a new era started with the introduction of the first real hybrid sensor systems, like the Leica CityMapper-2. Hybrid in this context means the combination of an (oblique) camera system with a topographic LiDAR into an integrated aerial mapping system. By combining these complimentary sub-systems into one system the weaknesses of the one system could be compensated by using the alternative data source. An example is the mapping of low-light urban canyons, where image-based systems mostly produce unreliable results. For an LiDAR sensor the geometrical reconstruction of these areas is straight forward and leads to accurate results. The paper gives a detailed overview over the development and technical characteristics of hybrid sensor systems. The process of data acquisition is discussed and strategies for hybrid urban mapping are proposed. Furthermore, the paper provides insights into the advantage of LiDAR data for the 3D Mesh generation for urban modelling and on the possibilities to generate new products from the combination of the single products with the help of GeoAI. Finally, the use and some use cases of the hybrid sensor data and the derived products in the context of the urban digital twin is discussed and with the infinite loop of data, analysis, and action it is shown, that all data from the urban digital twin can only be a snapshot at a given point in time and the data recording and analysis is a permanent loop.
Rapid landslide risk zoning toward multi-slope units of the Neikuihui tribe for preliminary disaster management
Authors: Chung Chih-Chung , Li Zih-Yi
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Taiwan features steep terrain and a fragile geological
environment accompanied by frequent earthquakes and typhoons annually.
Meanwhile, with the booming economy and rapid population growth, activities
pivot from metropolises to Taiwan's suburban and mountain areas.
However, for example, the Neikuihui tribe in northern Taiwan experiences
landslide disasters during extreme rainfall events. To rapidly examine
landslide risk in the tribe area for preliminary disaster management, the
well-known principle of risk, which comprises hazard, exposure, and
vulnerability, was carefully adapted to scrutinize 14 slope units around the
Neikuihui tribe region. The framework of risk zoning is improved based on
the previous quantified findings regarding the inventory of the deep-seated
landslides in southern Taiwan. Moreover, the proposed procedures
comprehensively assess susceptibility, activity, exposure, and vulnerability
of each slope unit. The rapid risk zoning analysis of multi-slope units
delivers a sloping unit with a high level of landslide risk, and this slope
unit did suffer from landslide disasters in the 2016 typhoon event. This
study preliminarily proves that the proposed framework and details of rapid
risk zoning can help identify a relatively high-risk slope unit around a
tribal region and address pre-countermeasures for disaster management.
Automated avalanche hazard indication mapping on a statewide scale
Authors: Bühler Yves , Bebi Peter , Christen Marc , Margreth Stefan , Stoffel Lukas , Stoffel Andreas , Marty Christoph , Schmucki Gregor , Caviezel Andrin , Kühne Roderick , Wohlwend Stephan , Bartelt Perry
Published: June 2022

Abstract. Snow avalanche hazard mapping has a long tradition in the European Alps.
Hazard maps delineate areas of potential avalanche danger and are only
available for selected areas where people and significant infrastructure are
endangered. They have been created over generations, at specific sites,
mainly based on avalanche activity in the past. For a large part of the area
(90 % in the case of the canton of Grisons) only strongly generalized
hazard indication maps are available (SilvaProtect), not showing impact
information such as pressure. This is a problem when new territory with no
or an incomplete historical record is to be developed. It is an even larger
problem when trying to predict the effects of climate change at the state
scale, where the historical record may no longer be valid. To close this gap,
we develop an automated approach to generate spatially coherent hazard
indication mapping based on a digital elevation model for the canton of
Grisons (7105 km2) in the Swiss Alps. We calculate eight different
scenarios with return periods ranging from frequent to very rare as well as
with and without taking the protective effects of the forest into account,
resulting in a total of approximately 2 million individual avalanche
simulations. This approach combines the automated delineation of potential
release areas, the calculation of release depths and the numerical
simulation of the avalanche dynamics. We find that between 47 % (most
frequent scenario) and 67 % (most extreme scenario) of the cantonal area
can be affected by avalanches. Without forest, approximately 20 % more
area would be endangered. This procedure can be applied worldwide, where
high-spatial-resolution digital elevation models, detailed information on
the forest and data on the snow climate are available, enabling reproducible
hazard indication mapping also in regions where no avalanche hazard maps yet
exist. This is invaluable for climate change studies. The simulation results
are validated with official hazard maps, by assessments of avalanche experts,
and by existing avalanche cadastres derived from manual mapping and mapping
based on satellite datasets. The results for the canton of Grisons are now
operationally applied in the daily hazard assessment work of the
authorities. Based on these experiences, the proposed approach can be
applied for further mountain regions.