bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lithium Tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate-Catalyzed Friedel–Crafts Benzylation Reactions
Authors: Mukaiyama Teruaki , Nakano Masakazu , Kikuchi Wataru , Matsuo Jun-ichi
Published: December 2004

Lithium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate [LiB(C6F5)4], a neutral salt, effectively catalyzed Friedel–Crafts benzylation reactions of aromatic compounds with benzyl chloride or mesylate and their substituted derivatives. The LiB(C6F5)4-catalyzed reactions proceeded more efficiently in the coexistence of magnesium oxide.
Molecular Networks Consisting of Dumbbell-cage Motif: Structure and Anion Exchangeability of [Ag(Py2S)2·BF4]n (Py2S = 4,4′-Dipyridyl Sulfide)
Authors: Jung Ok-Sang , Park Sung Ho , Lee Young-A , Lee Uk
Published: December 2004

The silver(I) network with Py2S has the face-to-face (π–π) interactions to generate unusual dumbbell-cage motif. The BF4− counteranion within each cage has been reversibly exchanged with the similar anions in size.
Functional Flavin Receptors. Bis-melamine Derivatives Bearing a Guanidinium Ion Which Bind 6-Azaflavin and a Thymine-Linked Substrate through Hydrogen Bonds in Chloroform
Authors: Hayashi Tomohiro , Fujimoto Akihide , Kajiki Takeshi , Kondo Shin-ichi , Yano Yumihiko
Published: December 2004

Bis-melamine derivatives bearing a guanidinium ion bind 6-azaflavin via five hydrogen bonds and an NADH model having a thymine moiety via three H-bonds in CHCl3, resulting in the rate acceleration due to the proximity effect.
Photoimages Formed by Lyotropic Liquid Crystals
Authors: Ichimura Kunihiro , Momose Masayuki , Fujiwara Takenori
Published: December 2004

The orientation of lyotropic liquid crystals consisting of about 90 wt% water is controllable on thin films of a polymer with azobenzene side chains, which are exposed to linearly polarized light, to give rise to thermally stable birefringent photoimages.
Lipophilic Peptide as Novel Sensory Material for Chiral Amine Recognition
Authors: Mathew Beena , Kuboyama Toshiharu , Nakamura Shigeo , Takagi Makoto
Published: December 2004

Chiral recognition of chiral amines 4–10 by lipophilic peptide derivatives 1–3 was studied spectrophotometrically in chloroform. Peptide 3 as compared with 2 indicated greater binding affinity and enantiomer selectivity towards the (R)-isomer of 4 and 6. Also 3 showed strikingly high binding and diastereoselectivity towards 9 and 10.
Induced Codeposition of Al–Mg Alloys in Lewis Acidic AlCl3–EMIC Room Temperature Molten Salts
Authors: Morimitsu Masatsugu , Tanaka Nobutada , Matsunaga Morio
Published: December 2004

Voltammetric measurements and elemental analyses of electrodeposits have revealed the induced codeposition of Al–Mg alloys in acidic AlCl3–EMIC melts containing MgCl2.
Nanosphere of Ordered Silica MCM-41 Hydrothermally Synthesized with Low Surfactant Concentration
Authors: Cai Q , Cui F Z , Chen X H , Zhang Y , Luo Z S
Published: December 2004

Nanospherical MCM-41 silica has been hydrothermally synthesized for the first time in the sodium hydroxide medium with low surfactant concentration. The average size of the nanosphere is about 105 nm.
113Cd MAS NMR Study of Cadmium Halides and Their Salts
Authors: Sakida Shinichi , Kawamoto Yoji
Published: December 2004

113Cd magic-angle spinning (MAS) NMR spectra have been measured of twenty-three kinds of Cd2+-containing halide crystals with known structures to determine the isotropic chemical shifts δiso. The δiso values of halogen coordination polyhedra largely changed with the kind and the coordination number of halogen. The relationship between the δiso values and the halogen coordination environments around Cd2+ was revealed.
Chiral Recognition of α-Amino Esters on the Chiral Helical Surface of Zinc Bilinone
Authors: Yagi Shigeyuki , Sadachi Hidetoshi , Kashiwagi Yukiyasu , Takagishi Toru , Mizutani Tadashi , Kitagawa Susumu , Ogoshi Hisanobu
Published: December 2004

Chiral recognition of α-amino esters was examined using the homochiral helical dimer of the zinc complex of linear tetrapyrrole (zinc bilinone) as a host. 1H NMR and thermodynamic studies indicated that favorable (Phe–Ome and Leu–Ome) or unfavorable (Asp–(Ome)2) interactions of the side chain of α-amino esters with zinc bilinone lead to enantioselectivity.
Effect of pKa of Polymer Microcarriers on Growth of Mouse L Cell
Authors: Sakata Masayo , Kato Dai , Uchida Masahiro , Todokoro Masami , Mizokami Hiroshi , Furukawa Shinichi , Kunitake Masashi , Hirayama Chuichi
Published: December 2004

In order to obtain fundamental information about the electrostatic effect of microcarriers on fibroblastic cell growth, the aminated poly(γ-methyl l-glutamate) and the cross-linked poly(ε-lysine) beads were prepared. When the growth of mouse L cell on the various beads were determined by common cell culture methods, it strongly depends on the apparent pKa of the beads but not on their amino-group content. The polymer beads with neutral apparent pKa (7.4–7.6), just as in the physiological environment, were found to be excellent microcarriers, showing the highest growth of fibroblastic cells.
Nitrosyl Iron(II) Complex of meso-Tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphyrin with a Covalently Linked 2-Methylimidazolylalkyl Group
Authors: Komatsu Teruyuki , Matsukawa Yasuko , Tsuchida Eishun
Published: December 2004

meso-Tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphinatoiron(II) with an intramolecularly bound 2-methylimidazole forms a six-coordinate nitrosyl complex in toluene at 298 K, which is revealed by ESR and IR spectroscopy; the NO-binding affinity (P1/2) is 1.8 × 10−8 Torr and the association rate constant (kon) is 8.9 × 108 M−1s−1.
Easy Preparation and Prominent Gelation of New Gelator Based on l-Lysine
Authors: Hanabusa Kenji , Nakayama Hiroko , Kimura Mutsumi , Shirai Hirofusa
Published: December 2004

A new prominent gelator 1, Nε-lauroyl-Nα-stearylaminocarbonyl-l-lysine ethyl ester was effortlessly prepared by esterification of Nε-lauroyl-l-lysine and addition of n-octadecyl isocyanate in a total yield of 89%. Gelator 1 was capable of gelling up a wide variety of organic fluids. A comparison of the gelation ability of structurally related compounds clarified that not only the introduction of long-chain alkyl but also more importantly the ureylene segment connecting the α-amino group and the alkyl chain are required for effective gelation.
A Novel, Efficient, and Selective Cleavage of Acetals Using Bismuth(III) Chloride
Authors: Sabitha Gowravaram , Babu R Satheesh , Reddy E Veakata , Yadav J S
Published: December 2004

Treatment of acetals with bismuth(III) chloride in methanol provides a simple, convenient and chemoselective process for deprotection, and the parent aldehyde or ketone was obtained in high yield. The acetals have been cleaved selectively in the presence of silyl, benzyl and tetrahydropyranyl ethers.
A Novel Hydrogen-Bonded Duplex Made up of Water Molecules and Halide Ions in the Sandwich Inclusion Structures of (C10H8N3S)+·X·2H2O [X = Cl−, Br−]
Authors: Prabakaran Ponraj , Murugesan Somasundaram , Robert Jebamony Justin , Panneerselvam Pathus , Muthiah Packianathan Thomas , Bocelli Gabriele , Righi Lara
Published: December 2004

The X-ray crystal structures of thiabendazolium halide dihydrates (C10H8N3S)+·X·2H2O [X = Cl−, Br−] 1, 2 reveal a novel hydrogen-bonded duplex consisting of alternate edge-sharing (H2O·X)2 quadrilaterals and (2H2O·X)2 hexagons; notably these duplexes exist as host lattices and sandwich thiabendazole molecules into two different supramolecular architectures by similar N···X and N···O hydrogen bonds.
Stereochemistry of N-Ethyl-N-9-triptycylhydroxylamine and Its O-Alkyl Derivatives
Authors: Yamamoto Gaku , Nakajo Fusako , Endo Naoka , Mazaki Yasuhiro
Published: December 2004

Static and dynamic stereochemistry of the title compounds was studied by X-ray crystallography and variable-temperature NMR. Stereomutation in solution was quantitatively analyzed in terms of two rate processes in which the nitrogen substituents pass over one of the benzene rings of the triptycene skeleton.
Preparation of Silica-Coated Rhodium Nanoparticles Using Water-in-Oil Microemulsion
Authors: Kishida Masahiro , Tago Teruoki , Hatsuta Takatoshi , Wakabayashi Katsuhiko
Published: December 2004

Monodispersed silica-coated rhodium nanoparticles were synthesized by using the w/o microemulsion of polyoxyethylene (15) cetyl ether / cyclohexane / water system. By hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate in the presence of rhodium complex nanoparticles followed by thermal treatment, the silica-coated metallic rhodium nanoparticles were obtained in the microemulsion. In the composite nanoparticles, a metallic rhodium particle with a diameter of 4 nm was located nearly at the center of a spherical silica particle. The thickness of silica layer was 14 nm.
Dipolar Cycloaddition Reactions of Isatin Derived Azomethine Ylide with 3,4-Diphenylcyclobutene-1,2-dione: Synthesis of Novel Spiro[oxindole-3,2′-pyrrolidine] Derivatives
Authors: Nair Vijay , Sheela K C , Rath Nigam P
Published: December 2004

Azomethine ylide, generated by the decarboxylative condensation of sarcosine with isatins has been trapped by 3,4-diphenylcyclobutene-1,2-dione to afford novel spiro[oxindole-3,2′-pyrrolidine] derivatives.
Reaction between Conjugated Azoalkenes and Pyrazolinones: A Precious Entry to New Conjugated Azodiene and Asymmetric 4,4′-Bipyrazole Derivatives
Authors: Attanasi Orazio A , Filippone Paolino , Fiorucci Chiara , Mantellini Fabio
Published: December 2004

The first direct nucleophilic addition under mild reaction conditions of heterocyclic compounds to conjugated azoalkenes is reported. This reaction readily gives rise to new conjugated azodiene or asymmetric 4,4′-bipyrazole derivatives by means of two independent pathways.
The First Study on the Mobility of Surface-Adsorbed Molecules Using 1H NMR Spin–Lattice Relaxation Time
Authors: Mohri Taizo , Nakahara Yoshio , Zhang Wanbin , Nakatsuji Yohji , Muneishi Toshiko , Miyaji Yoko , Ikeda Isao
Published: December 2004

The function of alkanoic acid amine salt adsorbed onto the pigment surface was examined by means of 1H NMR spin–lattice relaxation time using a high-resolution magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR probe called 1H Nano·nmrTM Probe. The adsorption mechanism of the salt to the pigment was discussed on the bases of the results.
Synthesis of Na2[Fe6(OCH2CH2OCH3)18 (μ6-O)]: Its Sol–Gel Application to Sr2FeMoO6
Authors: Chae Hee K , Hwang Chulsoon , Dong Yongkwan , Yun Hoseop , Jang Ho G
Published: December 2004

An air-stable iron cluster alkoxide complex Na2[Fe6(OCH2CH2OCH3)18(µ6-O)] was prepared from the reaction of iron(III) chloride and sodium 2-methoxyethoxide. The complex was used to prepare Sr2FeMoO6, which spin-coated film shows a very high positive magnetoresistance of 25% with a magnetic field of 0.8 T at 300 K.
Electrochemical aspects of radiolytically enhanced UO2dissolution
Authors: Grambow Bernd , Mennecart Thierry , Fattahi M. , Blondiaux G.
Published: December 2004

Experiments were performed, irradiating UO2colloids of 3 nm diameter by a 5 MeV alpha beam of a cyclotron. Both the dissolution rate of these colloids and the production rate of hydrogen peroxide have been measured. The experimentally measured corrosion rate of these colloids is very similar to the corrosion rates measured for bulk UO2samples, indicating on the one hand that similar reaction mechanism prevail and on the other hand that the UO2colloids are well representative for bulk UO2. The results were compared with two current models for radiolytical dissolution of spent fuel. Additionally a new coupling between water radiolysis reactions and spent fuel dissolution has been established. The coupling is not anymore based on rate constants for direct reaction of oxidants with UO2, but on the electrochemical coupling of anodic dissolution reactions with cathodic reduction of molecular and radical radiolysis products. The model not only describes well the experimental data, it also allows to predict both the establishment of corrosion potentials and of fractional reaction orders with respect to oxidant concentrations. Model results can also be compared with experimental data (corrosion potential ...) using UO2as an electrode.
Effect of alpha radiolysis on doped UO2 dissolution under reducing conditions
Authors: Mennecart Thierry , Grambow Bernd , Fattahi M. , Andriambololona Z.
Published: December 2004

The aim of the present work is to quantify the influence of alpha radioactivity of 225Ac doped UO2 on the dissolution rate under reducing conditions at pH 6. The doped or undoped material was prepared by precipitation and the size of particles was about 3 nm. The total alpha activity of the doped material was about 2000 MBq g-1 UO2, about 4 times higher than that of 15 years old spent fuel. The solution was kept under reducing conditions during the experiment by permanent electrochemical reduction under inert atmosphere. The results showed that the dissolution rate of doped material was a function of alpha activity and thus a function of the dose.
Reproducibility of the uptake of U(VI) onto degraded cement pastes and calcium silicate hydrate phases
Authors: Pointeau I. , Landesman Catherine , Giffaut E. , Reiller Pascal
Published: December 2004

The U(VI) uptake in degraded cement pastes was undertaken in the laboratories of CEA/L3MR and SUBATECH in order to check the reproducibility of the study. Two well hydrated cement pastes, CEM I (Ordinary Portland Cement, OPC) and CEM V (blast furnace slag (BFS) and fly ash added to OPC) were degraded using similar protocols. Equilibrium solutions and solid materials were characterised for three degradation states for each paste. All samples are free of portlandite and the pH of the equilibrated cement solutions vary in the range 9.8-12.2. Three calcium silicate hydrate phases (C-S-H) were synthesised in order to compare the sorption properties of degraded cement pastes and of hydrate phases in similar pH conditions. In order to avoid precipitation processes, the operational solubility limit was evaluated before batch experiments. These solubility values vary significantly in the pH range [9-13] with a 2.4×10-7mol L-1minimum at pH close to 10.5. In batch sorption experiments, the distribution ratioRdvalues are high: 3×104-1.5×105mL g-1. The uptake of U(VI) increases when comparing the least and the most degraded cement pastes whereas the initial composition of cement has relatively insensitive effect. Sorption isotherms, expressed as a log[U(VI)solid]/log [U(VI)solution] plots are linear. A slope of 1 is calculated indicating the predominance of sorption processes. As sorption and desorption values are close, the uptake mechanism seems reversible. TheRdvalues measured in C-S-H suspensions are in good agreement withRdvalues of degraded cement pastes, and C-S-H materials could be one of the cementitious phases which control U(VI) uptake in cement pastes.
Effect of humic acid on the sorption of Cm(III) ontoγ-Al2O3studied by the time-resolved laser fluorescence spectroscopy
Authors: Wang X. K. , Rabung Thomas , Geckeis Horst , Panak Petra J. , Klenze R. , Fanghänel Thomas
Published: December 2004

Sorption of Cm(III) ontoγ-alumina coated with humic acid (HA) is studied by the Time Resolved Laser Fluorescence Spectroscopy (TRLFS). The experiments are performed at 0.1 M NaClO4, 0.44 g/Lγ-Al2O3, 10 mg/L HA and at a metal ion concentration of 2×10-7mol/L. At the investigated pH range (4 to 10) HA is completely sorbed to γ-Al2O3. The excitation spectrum of Cm(III) bound to HA/γ-Al2O3in the wavelength range 370-400 nm exhibits broad flat bands very different from those obtained for the Cm(III) aquo ion and the Cm(III)-γ-Al2O3surface complex, respectively. The spectrum, lacking distinctive structure due to intramolecular energy transfer processes, points to the predominant binding of the Cm(III) to surface-bound HA. TRLFS experiments performed at two different excitation wavelengths (λex=355 and 396.6 nm) allow for a differentiation of humic-bound and non-humic-bound Cm(III). Differences in fluorescence spectra obtained at the different excitation wavelengths are found at pH<6.9. They are due to the presence of the non-complexed Cm(III) aquo ion which is not detected in the indirect excitation mode (λex=355 nm). At pH≥7, the fluorescence spectra obtained by indirect and direct excitation become congruent and again point to the existence of only humic-bound Cm(III) species. Comparison of peak maxima and fluorescence lifetimes for Cm(III)-HA and Cm(III)-HA/γ-Al2O3, however, reveal differences. The results clearly indicate a contribution of theγ-Al2O3surface to the Cm(III) binding and, thus, suggest the formation of ternary complexes such as >Al-O-Cm(III)(HA).
Scanning transmission X-ray microscopy as a speciation tool for natural organic molecules
Authors: Rothe Jörg , Plaschke Markus , Denecke Melissa A.
Published: December 2004

A molecular-scale understanding of the basic processes affecting stability and transport behavior of actinide cations, complexes or hydroxide (‘eigencolloid’) species is prerequisite to performance assessment of nuclear waste disposal in geological formations. Depending on their functional group chemistry and macromolecular structure, naturally occurring organic molecules (NOM) possess a high tendency towards actinide complexation reactions. However, the compositional and structural heterogeneity of NOM and mixed aggregates with inorganic phases makes speciation by spectromicroscopy techniques highly desirable. The applicability of Scanning Transmission X-ray Microscopy (STXM) as a speciation tool for the characterization of NOM is demonstrated for a multifunctional natural organic acid (chlorogenic acid), Eu(III)-loaded humic acid (HA) aggregates and Eu(III)-oxo/hydroxide/HA hetero-aggregates. It is shown that in situ probing of HA functional group chemistry down to a spatial resolution <100 nm (i.e., less than femto-liter sampled volumes) is feasible, at the same time revealing morphological details on NOM aggregates and NOM/mineral associations.
Interactions of trivalent and tetravalent heavy metal-siderophore complexes withPseudomonas fluorescens
Authors: Yoshida T. , Ozaki Takuo , Ohnuki T. , Francis Arokiasamy J.
Published: December 2004

We investigated the interactions of the Fe(III)-, Eu(III)-, and Hf(IV)-desferrioxamine B (DFO) complexes with the Gram-negative aerobic bacteriumPseudomonas fluorescens. Potentiometric titration of 1:1 Fe(III)-, Eu(III)-, and Hf(IV)-DFO complexes showed that Hf(IV) formed a strong complex with DFO whose stability was comparable to that of the Fe(III)-DFO complex, while Eu(III) formed a weaker one. DFO in a growth medium was not degraded byP. fluorescens. Contact ofP. fluorescenscells with the Fe(III)-, Eu(III)-, and Hf(IV)-DFO complexes at pH 4-9 revealed that there was negligible adsorption of Hf(IV) and Fe(III), whereas Eu(III) was dissociated from DFO and was readily adsorbed by the cells. These results suggest that Fe(III) and Hf(IV) form stable complexes with DFO and are not adsorbed byP. fluorescenscells. Europium(III) forms a weaker complex with DFO than Fe(III) and Hf(IV) do and its DFO complex is readily dissociated in the presence of the cells.
Redistribution of U, Pb and REE in association with alteration of uranium minerals from the Koongarra deposit, Northern Territory, Australia
Authors: Horie Kenji , Hidaka Hiroshi
Published: December 2004

In order to investigate migration behavior of REE in uranium matrix by alteration, and to understand a chronological history of the alteration processes, in-situ isotopic analysis of U, Pb and REE by using a Sensitive High Resolution Ion MicroProbe (SHRIMP) was applied to the Koongarra uranium deposit sample (Northern Territory, Australia) which contains uraninite and two kinds of secondary uranium minerals (curite and sklodowskite). Highly discordant U-Pb data from all of the uranium minerals suggest that the secondary uranium minerals were formed by sequential alteration of primary uraninite 50-580 Ma ago, and subsequently affected by recent weathering. The difference of REE abundance patterns between primary uraninite and secondary uranium minerals show geochemical evidence of REE redistribution during the secondary mineralization by the interaction of primary ore body with meteoric water.
Coupled transport/reaction modelling of copper canister corrosion aided by microbial processes
Authors: Liu Jinsong , Neretnieks Ivars
Published: December 2004

Copper canister corrosion is an important issue in the concept of a nuclear fuel repository. Previous studies indicate that the oxygen-free copper canister could hold its integrity for more than 100000 years in the repository environment.

Microbial processes may reduce sulphate to sulphide and considerably increase the amount of sulphide available for corrosion. In this paper, a coupled transport/reaction model is developed to account for the transport of chemical species produced by microbial processes. The corroding agents like sulphide would come not only from the intruding groundwater, but also from the reduction of sulphate near the canister. The reaction of sulphate-reducing bacteria and the transport of sulphide in the bentonite buffer is included in the model. The local depth of copper canister corrosion is calculated by the model.
The Influence of Cation and Vacancy Distributions on the Ionic Conductivity of Acceptor Doped Oxygen Ion Conductors
Authors: Martin Manfred
Published: December 2004

We present a simple model for the ionic conductivity of an acceptor doped oxygen ion conductor, (A1−

x

BB
x

B)O2−

x

B/2, which can be applied to yttria doped zirconia (YSZ). The model considers repulsive interaction between the dopant cations and interactions between oxygen vacancies and dopant cations, which may be zero, attractive or repulsive. For simplicity, we consider a two-dimensional triangular lattice, where the oxygen ions occupy triangles formed by the cations. At first we calculate the fractions of B-clusters consisting of B-pairs, B-triplets and B-quartets and then the fractions of AAA-, AAB-, ABB- and BBB-triangles. The vacancies are distributed to the triangles using quasi-chemical reactions for the exchange between the different sites. The resulting vacancy distribution is used in a simplified model for the oxygen ion conductivity which considers jump rates between different oxygen sites that depend on their local neighbourhood and the nature of the cation–cation edge which has to be crossed during a jump. Strongly reduced jump rates through A–B and B–B edges are necessary to obtain a maximum of the conductivity as a function of the dopant fraction. The most beneficial effect of the acceptor dopant is obtained for repulsive interaction between vacancies and dopant ions, such as Y, Gd or Sm, which are known to cause high oxygen ion conductivities. For dopants with attractive V–B interaction our model predicts only small oxygen ion conductivities.
Hair in African Art and Culture
Authors: Miller Thomas R.
Published: December 2004

Hair in African Art and Culture. The Museum for African Art, New York, February 9–May 28, 2000 (review venue); Apex Museum, Atlanta, July–September 2000; Cantor Center for Visual Arts, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, October–December 2000; Museum of African American History, Detroit, January–April 2001; California African American Museum, Los Angeles, May–August 2001.

Hair in African Art and Culture. Roy Sieber and Frank Herreman. eds. New York: The Museum for African Art; Munich, London, New York: Prestel, 2000. 192 pp.
Khalfan and Zanzibar
Authors: Askew Kelly
Published: December 2004

Khalfan and Zanzibar. 2000. 25 minutes, color. film by Lina Fruzzetti. Alfred Guzzetti. and Akos Östör. For more information, contact Filmakers Library, 124 East 40th St., New York, NY 10016; (212) 808‐4980.
Carnival in Switzerland: A World Upside Down
Authors: Meyknecht Steef P. M.
Published: December 2004

Carnival in Switzerland:. World Upside Down. 2000. 54 minutes, color. documentary film by Albert Gasser. For more information, contact University of California Extension, Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street, Suite 400, Berkeley, CA 94704.
Who Owns the Past?
Authors: Petersen James B.
Published: December 2004

Who Owns the Past? 2000. 56 minutes, color (and black and white). video by N. Jed Riffe. For more information, contact University of California Extension, Center for Media and Independent Learning, 2000 Center Street, Fourth Floor, Berkeley, CA 94704; cmil@uclink.berkeley.edu.
Archaeological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans: A View from the Levant
Authors: Lindly John
Published: December 2004

Archaeological Perspectives on the Origins of Modern Humans:. View from the Levant. Daniel Kaufman. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1999. 140 pp.
Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils: The Backbone of Archaeological Dating
Authors: McNutt Charles H.
Published: December 2004

Seriation, Stratigraphy, and Index Fossils: The Backbone of Archaeological Dating. Michael J. O'Brien and R. Lee Lyman. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1999. 254 pp.
Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing
Authors: Townsend Joan
Published: December 2004

Shamanism: Traditional and Contemporary Approaches to the Mastery of Spirits and Healing. Merete Demant Jakobsen. New York: Berghahn Books, 1999. 274 pp.
French DNA: Trouble in Purgatory
Authors: Mai Larry Leon
Published: December 2004

French DNA: Trouble in Purgatory. Paul Rabinow. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999. 201 pp.
The Rousing Drum: Ritual Practice in a Japanese Community
Authors: Zeserson Jan
Published: December 2004

The Rousing Drum: Ritual Practice in. Japanese Community. Scott Schnell. Honolulu: University of Hawai'i Press, 1999. 363 pp.
Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis
Authors: Prins Harald E. L.
Published: December 2004

Envisioning Power: Ideologies of Dominance and Crisis. Eric R. Wolf. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999. 339 pp.
Asian/American: Historical Crossings of a Racial Frontier
Authors: Visweswaran Kamala
Published: December 2004

Asian/American: Historical Crossings of. Racial Frontier. David Palumbo‐Liu. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1999. 504 pp.
Human Demography and Disease
Authors: Littleton Judith
Published: December 2004

Human Demography and Disease. Susan Scott and Christopher J. Duncan. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. 354 pp.
The Edge and the Center: Gated Communities and the Discourse of Urban Fear
Authors: Low Setha M.
Published: December 2004

Across America, middle‐class and upper‐middle‐class gated communities are creating new forms of exclusion and residential segregation, exacerbating social cleavages that already exist (Blakely and Snyder 1997; Higley 1995; Lang and Danielson 1997; Marcuse 1997). While historically secured and gated communities were built in the United States to protect estates and to contain the leisure world of retirees, these urban and suburban developments now target a much broader market, including families with children (Guterson 1992; Lofland 1998). This retreat to secured enclaves with walls, gates, and guards materially and symbolically contradicts American ethos and values, threatens public access to open space, and creates yet another barrier to social interaction, building of social networks, as well as increased tolerance of diverse cultural/ racial/social groups (Davis 1992;Devine 1996;Etzoni 1995; Judd 1995; McKenzie 1994).

In this paper, I explore how the discourse of fear of violence and crime and the search for a secure community by those who live in gated communities in the United States legitimates and rationalizes class‐based exclusion strategies and residential segregation. I examine whether residents of cities experiencing increasing cultural diversity are fleeing neighborhoods because they have experienced a "loss of place" and therefore feel unsafe and insecure (Altaian and Low 1992). Some people are responding to this loss by choosing to buy into a defensive space, a walled and guarded community that they can call home, [gated communities, United States, urban fear]
The Social Mobility of the Haratine and the Re‐Working of Bourdieu's Habitus on the Saharan Frontier, Morocco
Authors: Ilahiane Hsain
Published: December 2004

In this article, I examine the practical relevance of Bourdieu's notion of Habitus in understanding the relationship between the acquisition of land and the transformation of political and social relations of subordination in the stratified communities of southern Morocco. First, I claim that the acquisition of land by the Haratine, a subordinate and low‐status ethnic group, means more than just a simple economic transaction, and land serves as the very basis for changing the political relations of subordination. Second, I argue that the Haratine strategy of land acquisition was made possible by the intervention of the central state in the local power structure during and after the French colonial period. When these transformations were coupled with labor possibilities made available by national and transnational migration, the market game was opened to the Haratine, who could draw on the accumulation to improve their political and social standing. This also meant that the autonomy of the local community was lost forever, and the traditional nobility of Berbers and Arabs was no longer able to exclude the subalterns by extra‐economic or legal means. [Arabs, Berbers, Bourdieu, Habitus, Haratine, Morocco]
A River Runs through Us
Authors: Williams Brett
Published: December 2004

The Anacostia River severs Washington, D.C. Military waste, urban runoff, and former farmland dirty the water, but people who live along its shores cherish the river and fight to make it clean. Political ecology, stressing the power relations, inequalities, connections, and contradictions that join natural and social processes over time, enlarges historical and anthropological theory in Washington. In this article I explore the experiences and perspectives of people who have lived along the Anacostia River over the last 10,000 years. Linked transformations in environmental and social processes repeatedly created unsettled, contradictory, and unjust relations between people and the natural and built environment. The pollution of the Anacostia River reflects colonialism and conquest: nationalism, militarism, empire; racism, inequality, and urban renewal. I begin with the British conquest, then turn to four successive moments in state formation: the founding of the capital, the invention of a strong central government, urban renewal in the capital core, and the contemporary development of the waterfront. The use values of people who live along the river conflict with the exchange values that have dominated the city's history. The city's environmental justice movement has emerged from these use values and today confronts a massive redevelopment plan that exploits and undermines the movement, [political ecology, environmental justice, urban history, race, and poverty]
The Machete and the Cross: Campesino Rebellion in Yucatan: The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom: Río Azul: An Ancient Maya City
Authors: Ford Anabel
Published: December 2004

The Machete and the Cross: Campesino Rebellion in Yucatan. Don E. Dumond. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1997.571pp.

The Conquest of the Last Maya Kingdom. Grant D. Jones. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 1998.568 pp.

Río Azul: An Ancient Maya City. Richard E. W. Adams. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1999. 238 pp.
Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa
Authors: Violette Adria La
Published: December 2004

Beyond Chiefdoms: Pathways to Complexity in Africa. Susan Keech Mclntosh. ed. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.176 pp.
Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars
Authors: Hammond Norman
Published: December 2004

Star Gods of the Maya: Astronomy in Art, Folklore, and Calendars. Susan Milbrath. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2000. 382 pp.
Inigo of Rancho Posolmi: The Life and Times of a Mission Indian
Authors: Luby Edward M.
Published: December 2004

Inigo of Rancho Posolmi: The Life and Times of. Mission Indian. Laurence H. Shoup and Randall T. Milliken. Novato: Ballena Press, 1999.182 pp.
Why Sex Matters: A Darwinian Look at Human Behavior
Authors: Gaulin Steven
Published: December 2004

Why Sex Matters:. Darwinian Look at Human Behavior. Bobbi S. Low. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2000. 412 pp.
The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans: Comparative Perspectives
Authors: Fuentes Agustin
Published: December 2004

The Mentalities of Gorillas and Orangutans: Comparative Perspectives. Sue Taylor Parker. Robert W. Mitchell. and H. Lyn Miles. eds. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999. 419 pp.
Cooperation and Community: Economy and Society in Oaxaca
Authors: Waterbury Ronald
Published: December 2004

Cooperation and Community: Economy and Society in Oaxaca. Jeffrey H. Cohen. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1999. 209 pp.
Representations of Blackness and the Performance of Identities; Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America
Authors: Carnegie Charles V.
Published: December 2004

Representations of Blackness and the Performance of Identities. Jean Muteba Rahier. ed. Westport, CT: Bergin and Garvey, 1999.264 pp.

Signs of Diaspora, Diaspora of Signs: Literacies, Creolization, and Vernacular Practice in African America. Grey Gundaker. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.291 pp.
Culture of Stone: Sacred and Profane Uses of Stone among the Dani
Authors: Dockall John E.
Published: December 2004

Culture of Stone: Sacred and Profane Uses of Stone among the Dani. O. W. "Bud" Hampton. College Station: Texas A&M University Press, 1999.331 pp.
Drive Dull Care Away: Folksongs from Prince Edward Island
Authors: Renwick Roger DeV.
Published: December 2004

Drive Dull Care Away: Folksongs from Prince Edward Island. Edward D. "Sandy" Ives. Charlottetown, P.E.I.: Institute of Island Studies, 1999. 269 pp.
Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor
Authors: Moore Spencer
Published: December 2004

Dying for Growth: Global Inequality and the Health of the Poor. Jim Yong Kim. Joyce V. Millen. Alec Irwin. and John Gershman. eds. Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2000. 604 pp.
Theorizing the City: The New Urban Anthropology Reader
Authors: Landman Ruth H.
Published: December 2004

Theorizing the City: The New Urban Anthropology Reader. Setha M. Low. ed. Piscataway, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1999.433 pp.
Cloth, Dress and Art Patronage in Africa
Authors: Callaway Helen
Published: December 2004

Cloth, Dress and Art Patronage in Africa. Judith Perani and Norma H. Wolff. New York: Berg, 1999.217 pp.
The Loss of Innocents: Child Killers and Their Victims
Authors: Korbin Jill E.
Published: December 2004

The Loss of Innocents: Child Killers and Their Victims. Cora E. Richards. Wilmington, DE: SR Books, 2000.237 pp.
The Population of Europe: A History
Authors: Sheets John W.
Published: December 2004

The Population of Europe:. History. Massimo Livi‐Bacci. Cynthia De Nardi Ipsen and Carl Ipsen. trans. Maiden, MA: Blackwell Publishers, 2000. 220 pp.
Rhetoric of Exclusion and Racist Violence in a Catalan Secondary School
Authors: SALAME CARLES SERRA I
Published: December 2004

Drawing on ethnographic research in a secondary school in Catalonia, Spain, this article analyzes the relationship between racist violence against students of African origin and racist ideologies held by students, described as a rhetoric of exclusion. I argue for a more detailed and painstaking characterization of students' ethnic discourses as a means of understanding the diversity of these discourses and their connection to intergroup relations.
Where the Dove Calls: The Political Ecology of a Peasant Corporate Community in Northwestern Mexico
Authors: Rothstein Frances A.
Published: December 2004

Where the Dove Calls: The Political Ecology of. Peasant Corporate Community in Northwestern Mexico. Thomas L. Sheridan. Tucson: University of Arizona Press, 1988
Inside Organizations: Understanding the Human Dimension
Authors: Burson‐Tolpin Anne
Published: December 2004

Inside Organizations: Understanding the Human Dimension. Michael Owen Jones. Michael Dane Moore. and Richard Christopher Snyder. eds. Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications, 1988.
The Reconstruction of Beirut: Local Responses to Globalization
Authors: Sawalha Aseel
Published: December 2004

COMMUNITY RESPONSES TO post‐civil war reconstruction efforts articulate the local and the global in Beirut, Lebanon. This paper discusses the nature of, and discourse surrounding, large‐scale redevelopment of the central business district and the ways in which community groups respond to it. Despite the fact that local residents positively identify with international aspects of pre‐civil war life, they object to new forms of global investments. Constructions of local heritage produced by residents are largely responses to the exclusionary practices of the new investors. [Global‐local, urban space, post‐war reconstruction, Beirut, Lebanon]
Welfare Reform and the Economic and Cultural Reconstruction of Low Wage Labor Markets
Authors: Fox Piven Frances
Published: December 2004

“WELFARE REFORM” RADICALLY reorganizes means‐tested cash assistance to families, particularly families headed by women. Much of the public discussion which accompanied these changes focussed on the perverse effects of cash assistance on the personal morality of recipients. More insight can be gained, however, by examining both the material and cultural effects of the campaign against welfare on labor markets. [Welfare reform; labor markets; personal morality]
Renaming Capital Street: Competing Visions of the Past in Post‐Communist Warsaw
Authors: Tucker Erica L.
Published: December 2004

Efforts to create a memorial to a priest murdered for his activities in Solidarity targeted one of the oldest streets in the Warsaw neighborhood of Zoliborz for renaming. Tensions rose as the post‐war generation strove to fix its heroes in Polish social memory while some older residents sought to retain a sense of continuity in a city largely destroyed during World War II. The controversy over the renaming of Capital Street reveals the diverse memories of those who lived through the war, the Polish People's Republic and the movement that brought about the demise of Communism. [Poland, Warsaw, memory, contested history, monuments]
Villas of Wealth: A Historical Perspective on New Residences in Post‐Socialist Hungary
Authors: Czegledy André P.
Published: December 2004

THE CONTEMPORARY INTEREST in large‐scale residential villas has found new favor among the economic elite of Hungary. Having chosen to express their social position in the material and aesthetic terms of their existence, do the architectural conventions of the elite now reflect indigenous or foreign tastes and traditions? This paper investigates how the construction of such sumptuous residences draws on a variety of sources for inspiration mirroring both the new potentials and the new disparities generated in post‐socialist, central eastern Europe today. [Architecture, urban history, elite, postsocialist, Hungary]
“If You Build it They Will Come”: Recreating an Historic Jewish District in Post–Communist Kraków
Authors: Kugelmass Jack , Orla–Bukowska Annamaria
Published: December 2004

AS POLAND COMPLETES the privatization of its economy and attracts increasing foreign investment, a district such as the Kazimierz section of Krakow faces a new dilemma–how best to regulate new construction and renovations in order to preserve its historic character. The largest intact and unrestored former‐Jewish quarter in Europe, the area has considerable international significance, and particularly now as foreign Jews visit Poland in increasing numbers searching for the remains of pre‐war Jewish life while Christian and Jewish Poles seek some way to restore the past, to undo the ravages of Nazi occupation and forty years of communism. [Kraków, Jews, post‐communism, identities, performance theory]
Excavating the Hidden City of Social Reproduction: A Commentary
Authors: Katz Cindi
Published: December 2004

THE NOTION OF a hidden city of social reproduction, suggests that the uneven relations and material practices of social reproduction are respectively hidden and targeted by a neo‐liberal urban agenda. A discussion of the public‐private Grand Central Partnership in New York City, reveals some of the ways that this agenda is pursued through preservation, and addresses how particular social actors and their activities are removed from view in the interests of ensuring “orderly,”“clean,” and “safe” public space. [Privatization, neoliberalism, social reproduction, landmarks, New York City]
Globalist Illusion: The Past and Present of Djemma el Fna, a Film Review
Authors: Armbrust Walter
Published: December 2004

Title: The Past and Present of Djemma el Fna, Director: Steve Montgomery. Released: 1995, Distributor: Filmakers Library Inc., Length: 18 minutes
Eagle Transforming: The Art of Robert Davidson
Authors: Townsend‐Gault Charlotte
Published: December 2004

Eagle Transforming: The Art of Robert Davidson. ROBERT DAVIDSON. with photographs by ULLI STELTZER. Seattle: University of Washington Press; and Vancouver/Toronto: Douglas & Mclntyre, 1995. + 164 pp. 103 duotone illustrations, chronology, notes. $39.95 (cloth).
The Great Southwest of the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railway
Authors: Mullin Molly H.
Published: December 2004

The Great Southwest of the Fred Harvey Company and the Santa Fe Railway. Edited by Marta Weigle and Barbara A. Babcock. PhoeniX: The Heard Museum, 1996. Distributed by The University of Arizona Press. 254 pp., 138 b/w illustrations, appendix, bibliography, index. $24.95 (paper).
Gender Perspectives: Essays on Women in Museums
Authors: Robbins Helen A. , Parezo Nancy J.
Published: December 2004

Gender Perspectives: Essays on Women in Museums. Edited by Jane R. Glaser and Artemis A. Zenetou. Washington, D.C. and London: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1994. xxv + 161 pp. References at the end of each essay, general selected bibliography. $15.95 (paper).
Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage
Authors: Feldman Jeffrey D.
Published: December 2004

Destination Culture: Tourism, Museums, and Heritage. Barbara Kirshenblatt‐Gimblett. Berkeley, Los Angeles, and London: University of California Press, 1998. xviii. 326 pp. 90 halftones, notes, index. $50.00 (cloth), $18.95 (paper).
Randomized, Controlled Trial of Slow Versus Rapid Feeding Volume Advancement in Preterm Infants
Authors: Caple Judith , Armentrout Debra , Huseby Valerie , Halbardier Brenda , Garcia Jose , Sparks John W. , Moya Fernando R.
Published: December 2004

Objectives. To determine whether infants who are fed initially and advanced at 30 mL/kg per day (intervention) take fewer days to get to full feedings than those who are fed initially and advanced at 20 mL/kg per day (control), without increasing their incidence of feeding complications and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We also examined whether these infants regain birth weight earlier, have fewer days of intravenous fluids, and a have shorter hospital stay.

Methods. A randomized, controlled, single-center trial was conducted in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit of a community-based county hospital in Houston, Texas. Infants between 1000 and 2000 g at birth, gestational age ≤35 weeks, and weight appropriate for gestational age were allocated randomly to feedings of expressed human milk or Enfamil formula starting and advanced at either 30 mL/kg per day or 20 mL/kg per day. Infants remained in the study until discharge or development of stage ≥IIA NEC.

Results. A total of 155 infants were enrolled: 72 infants in the intervention group and 83 in the control group. Infants in the intervention group achieved full-volume feedings sooner (7 vs 10 days, median), regained birth weight faster (11 vs 13 days, median), and had fewer days of intravenous fluids (6 vs 8 days, median). Three infants in the intervention group and 2 control infants developed NEC for an overall incidence of 3.2% (relative risk: 1.73; 95% confidence interval: 0.30–10.06).

Conclusion. Among infants between 1000 and 2000 g at birth, starting and advancing feedings at 30 mL/kg per day seems to be a safe practice and results in fewer days to reach full-volume feedings than using 20 mL/kg per day. This intervention also leads to faster weight gain and fewer days of intravenous fluids.
Role of Pediatricians in Advocating Life Support Training Courses for Parents and the Public
Authors: Pyles Lee A. , Knapp Jane ,   and the Committee on Pediatric Emergency Medicine
Published: December 2004

Available literature suggests a need for both initial cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and refresher courses. The establishment of a pediatric chain of survival for victims of cardiopulmonary arrest is the focus of this technical report and is advocated in the accompanying policy statement. Immediate bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation for victims of cardiac arrest improves survival for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Pediatricians will improve the chance of survival of children and adults who experience cardiac arrest by advocating for basic life support training and participating in basic life support courses as participants and teachers.
Ensuring Culturally Effective Pediatric Care: Implications for Education and Health Policy
Authors:   Committee on Pediatric Workforce
Published: December 2004

This policy statement defines culturally effective health care and describes its importance for pediatrics and the health of children. The statement also defines cultural effectiveness, cultural sensitivity, and cultural competence and describes the importance of these concepts for training in medical school, residency, and continuing medical education. The statement is based on the conviction that culturally effective health care is vital and a critical social value and that the knowledge and skills necessary for providing culturally effective health care can be taught and acquired through focused curricula throughout the spectrum of lifelong learning, from premedical education and medical school through residency and continuing medical education. The American Academy of Pediatrics also believes that these educational efforts must be supported through health policy and advocacy activities that promote the delivery of culturally effective pediatric care.
Do-Not-Resuscitate Orders for Pediatric Patients Who Require Anesthesia and Surgery
Authors: Fallat Mary E. , Deshpande Jayant K. ,   Section on Surgery, Section on Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, and Committee on Bioethics
Published: December 2004

This clinical report addresses the topic of preexisting do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders for children undergoing anesthesia and surgery. Pertinent issues addressed include the rights of children, surrogate decision-making, the process of informed consent, and the roles of surgeons and anesthesiologists. The reevaluation process of DNR orders called “required reconsideration” can be incorporated into the process of informed consent for surgery and anesthesia. Care should be taken to distinguish between goal-directed and procedure-directed approaches to DNR orders. By giving parents or other surrogates and clinicians the option of deciding from among full resuscitation, limitations based on procedures, or limitations based on goals, the child's needs are individualized and better served.