bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Switching of RNA splicing regulators in immature neuroblasts during adult neurogenesis
Authors: Bernou Corentin , Mouthon Marc-André , Daynac Mathieu , Kortulewski Thierry , Demaille Benjamin , Barroca Vilma , Couillard-Despres Sebastien , Dechamps Nathalie , Ménard Véronique , Bellenger Léa , Antoniewski Christophe , Chicheportiche Alexandra Déborah , Boussin François Dominique
Published: June 2023

The lateral wall of the mouse subventricular zone harbors neural stem cells (NSC, B cells) which generate proliferating transient-amplifying progenitors (TAP, C cells) that ultimately give rise to neuroblasts (NB, A cells). Molecular profiling at the single-cell level struggles to distinguish these different cell types. Here, we combined transcriptome analyses of FACS-sorted cells and single-cell RNAseq to demonstrate the existence of an abundant, clonogenic and multipotent population of immature neuroblasts (iNB cells) at the transition between TAP and migrating NB (mNB). iNB are reversibly engaged in neuronal differentiation. Indeed, they keep molecular features of both undifferentiated progenitors, plasticity and unexpected regenerative properties. Strikingly, they undergo important progressive molecular switches, including changes in the expression of splicing regulators leading to their differentiation in mNB subdividing them into two subtypes, iNB1 and iNB2. Due to their plastic properties, iNB could represent a new target for regenerative therapy of brain damage.
Novel regulators of islet function identified from genetic variation in mouse islet Ca2+ oscillations
Authors: Emfinger Christopher H , Clark Lauren E , Yandell Brian , Schueler Kathryn L , Simonett Shane P , Stapleton Donnie S , Mitok Kelly A , Merrins Matthew J , Keller Mark P , Attie Alan D
Published: June 2023

Insufficient insulin secretion to meet metabolic demand results in diabetes. The intracellular flux of Ca2+ into β-cells triggers insulin release. Since genetics strongly influences variation in islet secretory responses, we surveyed islet Ca2+ dynamics in eight genetically diverse mouse strains. We found high strain variation in response to four conditions: (1) 8 mM glucose; (2) 8 mM glucose plus amino acids; (3) 8 mM glucose, amino acids, plus 10 nM glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP); and (4) 2 mM glucose. These stimuli interrogate β-cell function, α- to β-cell signaling, and incretin responses. We then correlated components of the Ca2+ waveforms to islet protein abundances in the same strains used for the Ca2+ measurements. To focus on proteins relevant to human islet function, we identified human orthologues of correlated mouse proteins that are proximal to glycemic-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms in human genome-wide association studies. Several orthologues have previously been shown to regulate insulin secretion (e.g. ABCC8, PCSK1, and GCK), supporting our mouse-to-human integration as a discovery platform. By integrating these data, we nominate novel regulators of islet Ca2+ oscillations and insulin secretion with potential relevance for human islet function. We also provide a resource for identifying appropriate mouse strains in which to study these regulators.
Cell type-specific control of secondary cell wall formation by Musashi-type translational regulators in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kairouani Alicia , Pontier Dominique , Picart Claire , Mounet Fabien , Martinez Yves , Le-Bot Lucie , Fanuel Mathieu , Hammann Philippe , Belmudes Lucid , Merret Rémy , Azevedo Jacinthe , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Gagliardi Dominique , Couté Yohann , Sibout Richard , Bies-Etheve Natacha , Lagrange Thierry
Published: June 2023

Deciphering the mechanism of secondary cell wall/SCW formation in plants is key to understanding their development and the molecular basis of biomass recalcitrance. Although transcriptional regulation is essential for SCW formation, little is known about the implication of post-transcriptional mechanisms in this process. Here we report that two
bonafide
RNA-binding proteins homologous to the animal translational regulator Musashi, MSIL2 and MSIL4, function redundantly to control SCW formation in Arabidopsis. MSIL2/4 interactomes are similar and enriched in proteins involved in mRNA binding and translational regulation. MSIL2/4 mutations alter SCW formation in the fibers, leading to a reduction in lignin deposition, and an increase of 4-
O
- glucuronoxylan methylation. In accordance, quantitative proteomics of stems reveal an overaccumulation of glucuronoxylan biosynthetic machinery, including GXM3, in the
msil2/4
mutant stem. We showed that MSIL4 immunoprecipitates
GXM
mRNAs, suggesting a novel aspect of SCW regulation, linking translational control to the regulation of SCW biosynthesis genes.
Análise das motivações para a formação de redes entre micro e pequenas empresas: o caso do setor de materiais de construção
Authors: Carvalho Mayana Chagas , Weber Lucas Eduardo , De Jesus Grayceane Bomfim Santos , Olave Maria Elena Leon
Published: June 2023

A crise econômica atual reduziu os investimentos e o consumo do setor da construção civil em todo país. Inseridas nesse contexto, encontram-se as lojas de materiais de construção, formadas em sua maioria por micro e pequenas empresas. Como forma de melhorar o cenário atual, o Sebrae, por meio do Projeto Casa e Construção, fomentou a criação de uma rede entre pequenas empresas do setor de materiais de construção no Estado de Sergipe para a promoção do associativismo. Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo principal analisar as motivações no processo de formação da Rede “Oxente” de materiais de construção do Estado de Sergipe, impulsionada pela participação do Sebrae. Por meio de uma pesquisa exploratória e descritiva, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa e estratégia de estudo de caso único. Foram aplicados questionários e realizadas entrevistas com os membros da rede, além de análise documental, a fim de caracterizar e identificar os principais fatores motivadores e determinantes para a formação da supracitada rede. Os resultados demonstram que as principais motivações para ingressar na rede são derivadas da busca por uma valorização da empresa no mercado, o número reduzido de participantes e o apoio do Sebrae. Identificou-se ainda que o papel da liderança foi fundamental no processo de formação da rede, pois inicialmente reinava um clima de desconfiança que foi mitigado a partir dos debates e explanação das dúvidas entre os participantes. Conclui-se, então, que são vários os fatores que motivaram a formação da Rede “Oxente”.
Mercados e feiras brasileiras: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: De Jesus Ana Paula Macedo , Lopes Maria Lúcia Bahia , Filgueiras Gisalda Carvalho , Do Couto Mayra Hermínia Simões Hamad Farias , Brabo Marcos Ferreira , Dos Santos Marcos Antônio Souza
Published: June 2023

Feiras e mercados são locais que desenvolvem considerável papel para as cidades no âmbito econômico, social e cultural, contribuindo para a dinâmica do comércio local, regional, e desenvolvimento urbano. Nessa perspectiva o objetivo do artigo foi analisar a produção científica pertinente às dinâmicas que prevalecem em meio a esses espaços, identificando os principais aspectos que estão sendo discutidos sobre as questões de governança, organização e infraestrutura nesses espaços. Para tanto, foi desenvolvida uma revisão sistemática, nas seguintes bases de dados: Scopus, Web of Science, Scielo, Portal de periódicos capes; e na Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações (BDTD), abrangendo o período de 1990 a 2021. O quantitativo identificado foi de 30 artigos e 10 dissertações de mestrado. Dentre as dimensões abordadas, destacaram-se questões de governança e organização de feiras e mercados, colocando-se em evidência que nesses locais as atividades vão além de relações econômicas, tratando-se de espaços de sociabilidade. Outros pontos em debate remetem a aplicação de políticas públicas e a ausência de projeção organizacional de gestão, atrelando-se a ausência de infraestrutura, principalmente a estas duas dimensões. Conclui-se que para o funcionamento desses locais é imprescindível o funcionamento dessas três dimensões em conjunto, sendo necessário e fundamental o aprofundamento de pesquisas, para se conhecer problemáticas e o potencial socioeconômico desses locais, buscando-se maiores informações para o planejamento, elaboração de ações e programas direcionados a estes espaços, a fim de almejar promoção de capital local, o fortalecimento da economia popular e atendimento das necessidades básicas da população.
Effect of Different Levels of Controlled Release Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Red Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Var Kashi Lalima under Prayagraj Agro-climatic Condition
Authors: Dattaraj Naik , Topno Samir Ebson , Prasad V. M. , Bahadur Vijay , Kerketta Anita
Published: June 2023

About 40-70% of conventional fertilizer is wasted due to leaching causing environmental issues. Controlled release fertilizers provide a promising solution as they gradually release nutrients to match the crop's nutrient requirements, improving nutrient uptake efficiency and reducing nutrient losses. The Experiment was carried out During March To June 2021-22, using a randomized block design with three replications and eight treatments, including a control using the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF). The statistical analysis of the variance showed that the use of CRF had a significant effect on the growth, yield, and quality of red okra. Among the different levels of CRF used, treatment T7 (11g CRF/plant) performed the best in terms of growth parameters such as plant height and number of leaves. Treatment T2 (7g CRF/plant) was found to perform the best in terms of earliness parameters. Treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) had the highest yield with 14.30 t/ha. Treatment T6 (10g CRF/plant) was found to be the best for quality parameters. The highest benefit-cost ratio was recorded in treatment T5 (9g CRF/plant) which is 4.7. From the present investigation, it is concluded that, CRF can be used efficiently for higher crop production.
Archelaos (Archelaus), son of Herod
Authors: Curran John
Published: June 2023

“Herod” Archelaos, ca. 27
bce
to after 14
ce
; son of Herod the Great and
ethnarch
of Judaea, Samaria, and Idumaea (4
bce
–6
ce
).
Diadikasia
Authors: Harris Edward M.
Published: June 2023

The
diadikasia
was a non‐adversarial procedure used in cases where there was no inherent allegation of wrong; the issue was not one of guilt or innocence, but of entitlement to some property or privilege or to an exemption from public duties.
Britannia, Roman Empire
Authors: Platts Hannah
Published: June 2023

Britannia was one of the last provinces to be added to Rome's empire after it was conquered by Claudius in 43
ce
. It remained under Roman occupation until the fifth century, although Roman control rarely extended into Scotland.
Licinius Crassus Dives Mucianus, Publius
Authors: Stern Gaius , Hillard Tom
Published: June 2023

Jurist, statesman, consul 131bceand Pontifex Maximus 132–130. He and his natural brother, P. Mucius Scaevola (cos. 133) were friendly to the Gracchi and opponents of Scipio Aemilianus (Cic.Rep. 1.31). Cicero (De or. 1.170, 1.240, 2.13;Brut. 98), calls both brotherssapientissimi et clarissimi(most wise and renowned) and Crassusvir iuris peritissimus(a man most expert in law), an assessment repeated by Plutarch (Ti. Gracch. 9.1), Quintilian (11.2.50), and Aulus Gellius (1.13.10, citing Mucianus’ contemporary Sempronius Asellio) who deems him a man enjoying five of the greatest blessings: exceeding wealth, celebrity, eloquence, most consulted for his legal expertise, and tenure of the Chief Priesthood.
Arsaces (Arsakes)
Authors: Wiesehoefer Josef
Published: June 2023

Arsaces I (r. ca. 247–217
bce
) was the founder of the Arsacid Dynasty and first king of the Parthian Empire. Arsaces II (r. 217/211–191
bce
) was probably his son.
Effects of mental context reinstatement on accuracy and recollective experience
Authors: Faber Peter , Nielsen Niels Peter , Berntsen Dorthe
Published: June 2023

Obtaining eyewitness accounts after an event can aid criminal investigations. Mental Reinstatement of Context (MRC) is used to improve memory. However, direct comparisons have identified little effects of MRC relative to free delivery with No‐MRC, and little is known about the effects of MRC on subjective memory characteristics and the role of individual differences in autobiographical memory. Here we exposed 234 participants to a naturalistic film and randomly assigned them to either MRC or No‐MRC before requesting written memory reports and memory characteristics ratings. They also answered an autobiographical memory test. MRC participants reported more unverifiable, but not more accurate, details in Free Recall, whereas they performed better in Cued Recall and delivered higher ratings of Reliving, Vividness, Re‐experience, and Emotions, suggesting a richer recall experience, while Belief/confidence and Scene ratings did not differ. Individual differences in autobiographical memory correlated with memory characteristics but not with accuracy performances.
Trends in Fracture Rates Over Two Decades Among Veterans With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Merjanah Sali , Liew Jean W. , Bihn John , Fillmore Nathanael R. , Brophy Mary T. , Do Nhan V. , Dubreuil Maureen
Published: June 2023

Objective

There is an increased risk of fracture in individuals with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) compared to the general population, possibly due to systemic inflammatory effects. The use of tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) may reduce fracture risk by inhibiting inflammation. We assessed fracture rates in AS versus non‐AS comparators and whether these rates have changed since the introduction of TNFi.

Methods

We used the national Veterans Affairs database to identify adults ≥18 years old with ≥1 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9)/ICD‐10 code for AS and at least 1 disease‐modifying antirheumatic drug prescription. As comparators, we selected a random sample of adults without AS diagnosis codes. We calculated fracture incidence rates for AS and comparators, with direct standardization to the cohort structure in 2017. To compare fracture rates from 2000 to 2002 (pre‐TNFi) versus 2004–2020 (TNFi era), we performed an interrupted time series analysis.

Results

We included 3,794 individuals with AS (mean age 53 years, 92% male) and 1,152,805 comparators (mean age 60 years, 89% male). For AS, the incidence rate of fractures increased from 7.9/1,000 person‐years in 2000 to 21.6/1,000 person‐years in 2020. The rate also increased among comparators, although the ratio of fracture rates (AS/comparators) remained relatively stable. In the interrupted time series, the fracture rate for AS patients in the TNFi era was nonsignificantly increased compared to the pre‐TNFi era.

Conclusion

Fracture rates have increased over time for both AS and non‐AS comparators. The fracture rate in individuals with AS did not decrease after TNFi introduction in 2003.
Understanding Stakeholders’ Perspectives to Increase COVID‐19 Vaccine and Booster Uptake Among Black Individuals With Rheumatic Conditions
Authors: Ezeh Nnenna , Sirek Greta , Ulysse Sciaska N. , Williams Jessica N. , Chandler Mia T. , Ojikutu Bisola O. , York Michael , Crespo‐Bosque Monica , Jean‐Jacques Muriel , Roberson Tonya , Mancera‐Cuevas Karen , Milaeger Holly , Losina Elena , Dhand Amar , Son Mary Beth , Ramsey‐Goldman Rosalind , Feldman Candace H.
Published: June 2023

Objective

Disparities in COVID‐19 vaccine and booster uptake persist. This study aimed to obtain perspectives from community and physician stakeholders on COVID‐19 vaccine and booster hesitancy and strategies to promote vaccine uptake among Black individuals with rheumatic and musculoskeletal conditions.

Methods

We invited community leaders and physicians in greater Boston and Chicago to participate in semi‐structured interviews using a moderator guide developed a priori. Participants were queried about how to best address vaccine hesitancy, strategies to target high‐risk populations, and factors to identify future community leaders. Interviews were audio recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed thematically using Dedoose.

Results

A total of 8 physicians and 12 community leaders participated in this study between November 2021 and October 2022. Qualitative analyses revealed misinformation/mixed messaging and mistrust, with subthemes including conspiracy theories, concerns regarding vaccine development and function, racism and historical injustices, and general mistrust of health care systems as the top cited reasons for COVID‐19 vaccine hesitancy. Participants also shared demographic‐specific differences, such as race, ethnicity, age, and gender that influenced the identified themes, with emphasis on COVID‐19 vaccine access and apathy. Strategies for community‐based vaccine‐related information dissemination included personal storytelling with an iterative and empathetic approach, while recognizing the importance of protecting community leader well‐being.

Conclusion

To increase vaccine uptake among Black individuals with rheumatic conditions, strategies should acknowledge and respond to racial/ethnic and socioeconomic injustices that engender vaccine hesitancy. Messaging should be compassionate, individually tailored, and recognize heterogeneity in experiences and opinions. Results from these analyses will inform a planned community‐based intervention in Boston and Chicago.

image
Dynamic and Postdynamic Recrystallization Behavior of GWZ Magnesium Alloy Under Double‐Hit Hot Compression
Authors: Aalipour Zeynab , Zarei-Hanzaki Abbas , Moshiri Ali , Waryoba Daudi , Kisko Anna , Karjalainen L. Pentti , Abedi Hamid Reza
Published: June 2023

Herein, dynamic and postdynamic recrystallization behaviors of GWZ magnesium are investigated. Toward this end, the single‐hit and double‐hit hot compression tests are conducted under strain rate of 0.001 s−1 at 400 °C. The prestrains of 0.1 and 0.5 are considered to investigate the effect of interpass time (5–300 s) on the compressive strength level. At the low strain level of 0.1, the contribution of Hall–Petch effect is considerable due to the occurrence of static recrystallization. In addition, the rare earth texture component is eliminated during interpass annealing. This causes increasing the strength of the material during second pass of hot compression. In contrast, at higher imposed strain, the strength level decreases with increasing the interpass time of annealing. The high amount of strain is completely consumed and the remaining stored energy is not high enough to trigger the occurrence of static recrystallization. The occurrence of metadynamic recrystallization and subsequent growth are characterized. In addition, the texture does not change in respect of the intensity or numbers/types of components. Accordingly, the observed decreasing trend of the strength is justified relying on the occurrence grain growth.
Combinatorial Sputter Synthesis of Single‐Phase La(XYZ)O3 ± σ Perovskite Thin‐Film Libraries: A New Platform for Materials Discovery
Authors: Piotrowiak Tobias H. , Zehl Rico , Suhr Ellen , Kohnen Benedikt , Banko Lars , Ludwig Alfred
Published: June 2023

Compositionally complex perovskites provide the opportunity to develop stable and active catalysts for electrochemical applications. The challenge lies in the identification of single‐phase perovskites with optimized composition for high electrical conductivity. Leveraging a recently discovered effect of self‐organized thin film growth during reactive sputtering, La–Co–Mn–O and La–Co–Mn–Fe–O perovskite (ABO3) thin‐film materials libraries are synthesized. These show phase‐pure La perovskites over a wide range of chemical composition variation for the B‐site elements for deposition temperatures ≥300 °C. It is demonstrated that this approach enables the discovery and tailoring of chemical compositions for desired optical bandgap and electrical conductivity and thereby opens the path for the targeted development of, for example, new high‐performance electrocatalysts.
Ultrafast Subpicosecond Magnetization of a 2D Ferromagnet
Authors: Anh Le Duc , Kobayashi Masaki , Takeda Takahito , Araki Kohsei , Okano Ryo , Sumi Toshihide , Horio Masafumi , Yamamoto Kohei , Kubota Yuya , Owada Shigeki , Yabashi Makina , Matsuda Iwao , Tanaka Masaaki
Published: June 2023

Strong spin‐charge interactions in several ferromagnets are expected to lead to subpicosecond (sub‐ps) magnetization of the magnetic materials through control of the carrier characteristics via electrical means, which is essential for ultrafast spin‐based electronic devices. Thus far, ultrafast control of magnetization has been realized by optically pumping a large number of carriers into the d or f orbitals of a ferromagnet; however, it is extremely challenging to implement by electrical gating. This work demonstrates a new method for sub‐ps magnetization manipulation called wavefunction engineering, in which only the spatial distribution (wavefunction) of s (or p) electrons is controlled and no change is required in the total carrier density. Using a ferromagnetic semiconductor (FMS) (In,Fe)As quantum well (QW), instant enhancement, as fast as 600 fs, of the magnetization is observed upon irradiating a femtosecond (fs) laser pulse. Theoretical analysis shows that the instant enhancement of the magnetization is induced when the 2D electron wavefunctions (WFs) in the FMS QW are rapidly moved by a photo‐Dember electric field formed by an asymmetric distribution of the photocarriers. Because this WF engineering method can be equivalently implemented by applying a gate electric field, these results open a new way to realize ultrafast magnetic storage and spin‐based information processing in present electronic systems.
Enhanced Hot‐Phonon Bottleneck Effect on Slowing Hot Carrier Cooling in Metal Halide Perovskite Quantum Dots with Alloyed A‐Site
Authors: Li Hua , Wang Qing , Oteki Yusuke , Ding Chao , Liu Dong , Guo Yao , Li Yusheng , Wei Yuyao , Wang Dandan , Yang Yongge , Masuda Taizo , Chen Mengmeng , Zhang Zheng , Sogabe Tomah , Hayase Shuzi , Okada Yoshitaka , Iikubo Satoshi , Shen Qing
Published: June 2023

A deep understanding of the effect of the A‐site cation cross‐exchange on the hot‐carrier relaxation dynamics in perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) has profound implications on the further development of disruptive photovoltaic technologies. In this study, the hot carrier cooling kinetics of pure FAPbI3 (FA+, CH(NH2)2+), MAPbI3 (MA+, CH3NH3++), CsPbI3 (Cs+, Cesium) and alloyed FA0.5MA0.5PbI3, FA0.5Cs0.5PbI3, and MA0.5Cs0.5PbI3 QDs are investigated using ultrafast transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy. The lifetimes of the initial fast cooling stage (<1 ps) of all the organic cation‐containing PQDs are shorter than those of the CsPbI3 QDs, as verified by the electron‐phonon coupling strength extracted from the temperature‐dependent photoluminescence spectra. The lifetimes of the slow cooling stage of the alloyed PQDs are longer under illumination greater than 1 sun, which is ascribed to the introduction of co‐vibrational optical phonon modes in the alloyed PQDs. This facilitated efficient acoustic phonon upconversion and enhanced the hot‐phonon bottleneck effect, as demonstrated by first‐principles calculations.
Semaphorin3A Exacerbates Cardiac Microvascular Rarefaction in Pressure Overload‐Induced Heart Disease
Authors: Li Chaofu , Zhao Yongchao , Li Fuhai , Wang Zimu , Qiu Zhimei , Yang Yukun , Xiong Weidong , Wang Rui , Chen Han , Xu Fei , Zang Tongtong , Pei Zhiqiang , Wang Yan , Shi Bei , Shen Li , Ge Junbo
Published: June 2023

Microvascular endothelial cells (MiVECs) impair angiogenic potential, leading to microvascular rarefaction, which is a characteristic feature of chronic pressure overload‐induced cardiac dysfunction. Semaphorin3A (Sema3A) is a secreted protein upregulated in MiVECs following angiotensin II (Ang II) activation and pressure overload stimuli. However, its role and mechanism in microvascular rarefaction remain elusive. The function and mechanism of action of Sema3A in pressure overload‐induced microvascular rarefaction, is explored, through an Ang II‐induced animal model of pressure overload. RNA sequencing, immunoblotting analysis, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay, quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), and immunofluorescence staining results indicate that Sema3A is predominantly expressed and significantly upregulated in MiVECs under pressure overload. Immunoelectron microscopy and nano‐flow cytometry analyses indicate small extracellular vesicles (sEVs), with surface‐attached Sema3A, to be a novel tool for efficient release and delivery of Sema3A from the MiVECs to extracellular microenvironment. To investigate pressure overload‐mediated cardiac microvascular rarefaction and cardiac fibrosis in vivo, endothelial‐specific Sema3A knockdown mice are established. Mechanistically, serum response factor (transcription factor) promotes the production of Sema3A; Sema3A‐positive sEVs compete with vascular endothelial growth factor A to bind to neuropilin‐1. Therefore, MiVECs lose their ability to respond to angiogenesis. In conclusion, Sema3A is a key pathogenic mediator that impairs the angiogenic potential of MiVECs, which leads to cardiac microvascular rarefaction in pressure overload‐induced heart disease.
Integrated Gradient Cu Current Collector Enables Bottom‐Up Li Growth for Li Metal Anodes: Role of Interfacial Structure
Authors: Liu Yuhang , Li Yifan , Du Zhuzhu , He Chen , Bi Jingxuan , Li Siyu , Guan Wanqing , Du Hongfang , Ai Wei
Published: June 2023

3D Cu current collectors have been demonstrated to improve the cycling stability of Li metal anodes, however, the role of their interfacial structure for Li deposition pattern has not been investigated thoroughly. Herein, a series of 3D integrated gradient Cu‐based current collectors are fabricated by the electrochemical growth of CuO nanowire arrays on Cu foil (CuO@Cu), where their interfacial structures can be readily controlled by modulating the dispersities of the nanowire arrays. It is found that the interfacial structures constructed by sparse and dense dispersion of CuO nanowire arrays are both disadvantageous for the nucleation and deposition of Li metal, consequently fast dendrite growth. In contrast, a uniform and appropriate dispersity of CuO nanowire arrays enables stable bottom Li nucleation associated with smooth lateral deposition, affording the ideal bottom‐up Li growth pattern. The optimized CuO@Cu‐Li electrodes exhibit a highly reversible Li cycling including a coulombic efficiency of up to ≈99% after 150 cycles and a long‐term lifespan of over 1200 h. When coupling with LiFePO4 cathode, the coin and pouch full‐cells deliver outstanding cycling stability and rate capability. This work provides a new insight to design the gradient Cu current collectors toward high‐performance Li metal anodes.
Accelerating Gas Escape in Anion Exchange Membrane Water Electrolysis by Gas Diffusion Layers with Hierarchical Grid Gradients
Authors: Huang Birou , Wang Xiaochen , Li Wenzheng , Tian Weiguo , Luo Liang , Sun Xiaoming , Wang Gongwei , Zhuang Lin , Xiao Li
Published: June 2023

At high current densities, gas bubble escape is the critical factor affecting the mass transport and performance of the electrolyzer. For tight assembly water electrolysis technologies, the gas diffusion layer (GDL) between the catalyst layer (CL) and the flow field plate plays a critical role in gas bubble removal. Herein, we demonstrate that the electrolyzer's mass transport and performance can be significantly improved by simply manipulating the structure of the GDL. Combined with 3D printing technology, ordered nickel GDLs with straight‐through pores and adjustable grid sizes are systematically studied. Using an in situ high‐speed camera, the gas bubble releasing size and resident time have been observed and analyzed upon the change of the GDL architecture. The results show that a suitable grid size of the GDL can significantly accelerate mass transport by reducing the gas bubble size and the bubble resident time. An adhesive force measurement has further revealed the underlying mechanism. We then proposed and fabricated a novel hierarchical GDL, reaching a current density of 2 A/cm2 at a cell voltage of 1.95 V and 80 °C, one of the highest single‐cell performances in pure‐water‐fed anion exchange membrane water electrolysis (AEMWE).
Highly Cooperative CO2 Adsorption via a Cation Crowding Mechanism on a Cesium‐Exchanged Phillipsite Zeolite
Authors: Choi Hyun June , Bruce Elliott L. , Kencana Kevin S. , Hong Jingeon , Wright Paul A. , Hong Suk Bong
Published: June 2023

An understanding of the CO2 adsorption mechanisms on small‐pore zeolites is of practical importance in the development of more efficient adsorbents for the separation of CO2 from N2 or CH4. Here we report that the CO2 isotherms at 25–75 °C on cesium‐exchanged phillipsite zeolite with a Si/Al ratio of 2.5 (Cs‐PHI‐2.5) are characterized by a rectilinear step shape: limited uptake at low CO2 pressure (PCO2) is followed by highly cooperative uptake at a critical pressure, above which adsorption rapidly approaches capacity (2.0 mmol g−1). Structural analysis reveals that this isotherm behavior is attributed to the high concentration and large size of Cs+ ions in dehydrated Cs‐PHI‐2.5. This results in Cs+ cation crowding and subsequent dispersal at a critical loading of CO2, which allows the PHI framework to relax to its wide pore form and enables its pores to fill with CO2 over a very narrow range of PCO2. Such a highly cooperative phenomenon has not been observed for other zeolites.
Instantaneous Free Radical Scavenging by CeO2 Nanoparticles Adjacent to the Fe−N4 Active Sites for Durable Fuel Cells
Authors: Cheng Xiaoyang , Jiang Xiaotian , Yin Shuhu , Ji Lifei , Yan Yani , Li Guang , Huang Rui , Wang Chongtai , Liao Honggang , Jiang Yanxia , Sun Shigang
Published: June 2023

To achieve the Fe−N−C materials with both high activity and durability in proton exchange membrane fuel cells, the attack of free radicals on Fe−N4 sites must be overcome. Herein, we report a strategy to effectively eliminate radicals at the source to mitigate the degradation by anchoring CeO2 nanoparticles as radicals scavengers adjacent (Scaad‐CeO2) to the Fe−N4 sites. Radicals such as ⋅OH and HO2⋅ that form at Fe−N4 sites can be instantaneously eliminated by adjacent CeO2, which shortens the survival time of radicals and the regional space of their damage. As a result, the CeO2 scavengers in Fe−NC/Scaad‐CeO2 achieved ~80 % elimination of the radicals generated at the Fe−N4 sites. A fuel cell prepared with the Fe−NC/Scaad‐CeO2 showed a smaller peak power density decay after 30,000 cycles determined with US DOE PGM‐relevant AST, increasing the decay of Fe−NCPhen from 69 % to 28 % decay.
Palladium and Ruthenium Dual‐Single‐Atom Sites on Porous Ionic Polymers for Acetylene Dialkoxycarbonylation: Synergetic Effects Stabilize the Active Site and Increase CO Adsorption
Authors: Li Xingju , Wang Jiaqian , Yuan Qiao , Song Xiangen , Mu Jiali , Wei Yao , Yan Li , Sun Fanfei , Feng Siquan , Cai Yutong , Jiang Zheng , Han Zhongkang , Ding Yunjie
Published: June 2023

Heterogeneous single‐metal‐site catalysts usually suffer from poor stability, thereby limiting industrial applications. Dual Pd1−Ru1 single‐atom‐sites supported on porous ionic polymers (Pd1−Ru1/PIPs) were constructed using a wetness impregnation method. The two isolated metal species in the form of a binuclear complex were immobilized on the cationic framework of PIPs through ionic bonds. Compared to the single Pd‐ or Ru‐site catalyst, the dual single‐atom system exhibits higher activity with 98 % acetylene conversion and near 100 % selectivity to dialkoxycarbonylation products, as well as better cycling stability for ten cycles without obvious decay. Based on DFT calculations, it was found that the single‐Ru site exhibited a strong CO adsorption energy of −1.6 eV, leading to an increase in the local CO concentration of the catalyst. Notably, the Pd1−Ru1/PIPs catalyst had a much lower energy barrier of 2.49 eV compared to 3.87 eV of Pd1/PIPs for the rate‐determining step. The synergetic effect between neighboring single sites Pd1 and Ru1 not only enhanced the overall activity, but also stabilized PdII active sites. The discovery of synergetic effects between single sites can deepen our understanding of single‐site catalysts at the molecular level.
A Review on Flash Sintering of Graphene Oxide Films: Mechanism and Recent Advances in the Field
Authors: Mitra Sangha , Katiyar Monica
Published: June 2023

This review highlights the significance of flash sintering, a photothermal route, in reducing graphene oxide (GO) films. Essentially, extensive efforts are devoted to form graphene electrodes due to its distinctive properties, such as high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and optical transparency, owing to which it finds widespread use in energy storage devices, wearable electronics, sensors, and optoelectronics. Thus, rapidly rising market demands for these applications necessitate the need of a technique offering ease of manufacturability and scalability for production of graphene electrodes. The solution‐processed graphene electrodes (SPGEs) are promising to fulfil these requirements. Particularly, SPGEs are fabricated by reducing GO film to graphene/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) by utilizing any reduction method, such as chemical, solvothermal, electrochemical, etc. Lately, flash sintering has garnered substantial attention as a promising reduction route for rapid, clean, and green production of graphene electrodes. This review briefly describes the underlying principle, mechanism, and parameters of flash sintering to develop an insight and advantages of this method over extensively used reduction methods. The review is a systematic summarization of the electrical, optical, and microstructural properties of rGO films/electrodes fabricated using this technique.
Blue LED Induced Three Component Reactions for the Generation of 4,6‐Dioxo‐hexahydro‐1H‐furo[3, 4‐c] pyrrole: Their Evaluation as Anticancer Agents through PARP‐1 Inhibition
Authors: Khan Haya , Guha Souvik , Baruah Mousumi , Yadav Shalini , Maheshwari Sanjana , Sainani Sara , Maiti Debajit , Sen Subhabrata
Published: June 2023

Herein we report a catalyst, metal and additive free generation of carbonyl ylides by blue LED irradiation of aryl diazoacetates in presence of aldehydes. The resulting ylides underwent [3+2] cycloaddition with substituted maleimides present in the reaction mixture to afford 4, 6‐dioxo‐hexahydro‐1H‐furo[3, 4‐c] pyrrole in excellent yields. Fifty compounds were synthesized based on this scaffold. Molecular docking indicated them to be potential poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitor. Screening a representative member of the library against PARP‐1 enzyme revealed a few potential inhibitors with IC50 of 600–700 nM. The phenotypic screening against MCF7, A549 and HepG2 cells furthermore indicated that these compounds selectively inhibit the proliferation of A549, HeLa and HepG2 cells with IC50 of 1–2 μM. The mechanism of action of the most active compound at the cellular level was investigated.
Desolvation Induced Conformational Transition in a Cryptophane Host: Crystal To Crystal Transformation
Authors: Ghosh Priyanka , Hossain Manoar , Saradhi Satha Pardha , Shekhar Purohit Chandra
Published: June 2023

Cryptophanes show different conformations in solution and solid state depending upon various factors, such as the length of connecting linkers, medium, and nature of the incoming guest molecule(s). A cyclotriguaiacylenes (CTG) based cryptophane molecule was synthesized using click chemistry containing three triazole linkers and studied as well. This molecule shows two conformations,out‐out crown‐crown(CC), andout‐in CC, in the presence or absence of guest molecule(s), as studied both in solution and solid state. Theout‐in CC, in which both CTG fragments are in crown conformation with one crown sitting above the other, could be obtained by slow escape of the trapped acetone molecules fromout‐out CCin solid state. This transformation could be obtained through a single‐crystal‐to‐single‐crystal (SCSC) transformation from a large volumeout‐out CCto a smaller volumeout‐in CCconformation which is also supported by density functional theory calculations.
A novel scheme based on coarse‐grained localization and fine‐grained isolation for defending against Sybil attack in low power and lossy networks
Authors: Tong Fei , Zhang Zhencheng , Zhu Ziyan , Zhang Yujian , Chen Cheng
Published: June 2023

Due to the lack of security mechanisms and sensor resources, the IPv6 Routing Protocol for Low power and Lossy networks (RPL) is vulnerable to various attacks, among which Sybil attack has received a lot of attention. This paper proposes a novel scheme based on coarse‐grained localization and fine‐grained isolation (CLFI) for defending Sybil attack. In CLFI, normal neighbor nodes are identified based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI). To further identify Sybil nodes, a physical address identifier called
is defined, which is calculated as the difference of RSSI at two different receivers when they are receiving the same packet. In order to facilitate the calculation of
, a set of anchor nodes are deployed to broadcast the received RPL control packets. Then Sybil behaviors can be detected by comparing the physical address identifier with the logical address embedded in the received packets. The proposed CLFI scheme has been completely implemented in the Contiki operating system. The extensive evaluation in comparison with the state‐of‐the‐art scheme indicates that CLFI can quickly localize and isolate Sybil nodes.
Discussion of “Specifying prior distributions in reliability applications”
Authors: Ng Hon Keung Tony
Published: June 2023

Specifying prior distributions in the Bayesian method is a fundamental but complex problem, especially when conjugate prior does not exist. Tian et al. (Appl Stoch Models Bus Ind; 2023) have captured the spirit of specifying prior distributions in Bayesian analysis for reliability data and presented different approaches coherently. In this discussion, I will focus on specifying prior distributions based on the knowledge of the aging behavior or hazard function and study the effect of misspecifying the informative priors. A Monte Carlo simulation study based on Type 2 censored data from Weibull distribution is used to illustrate the performance of the estimation procedures based on informative and non‐informative priors.
Comparing PFAS removal across multiple groundwaters for eight GACs and alternative adsorbent
Authors: Pannu Manmeet W. , Chang Joseph , Medina Ricardo , Grieco Scott A. , Hwang Michael , Plumlee Megan H.
Published: June 2023

Eight granular activated carbons (GACs) and one alternative adsorbent (AA) were evaluated using rapid small‐scale column tests (RSSCTs) to remove low level per‐ and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) from several groundwaters. Results suggested variability among waters for adsorbents to reach breakthrough. Time to reach breakthrough appeared to be inversely proportional to the background dissolved organic carbon (DOC). Bituminous GACs (particularly F400 and UC1240LD) were more effective than non‐bituminous. The elution order for PFAS was PFHxA (C6) > PFBS (C4) > PFOA (C8) > PFHxS (C6) > PFOS (C8). Multivariate regression predicted bed volumes at which F400 reached significant exhaustion (defined here as 60%) for PFOA using only two parameters (humic acid, DOC). This merits further study as these parameters could potentially be incorporated into models for predicting PFAS breakthrough. VOCs presence negatively impacted PFAS adsorption on GAC. Relative to GACs, the AA was not nearly as impacted by DOC and showed superior performance.
Bauteiluntersuchung von Holzrahmenwänden mit Verwendung brennbarer Dämmstoffe
Authors: Scheidel Sabine , Dienst Sebastian , Götz Tobias , Kornadt Oliver
Published: June 2023

Zur Untersuchung der raumabschließenden Funktion von Holzrahmenbauteilen wurden an der Rheinland‐Pfälzischen Technischen Universität Kaiserslautern Landau (RPTU) zwei Großbrandversuche durchgeführt. Diese Versuche sollen die wissenschaftlichen und technischen Zusammenhänge der Ausführung von Holzrahmenbauteilen und deren anzunehmender Feuerwiderstand zur Sicherstellung der raumabschließenden Funktion aufzeigen. Hintergrund ist die oftmals als zu konservativ angesehene Auslegung des Berechnungsverfahrens nach Eurocode 5 Teil 1–2 und die daraus resultierende Überdimensionierung der raumabschließenden Bauteile. Die Auslegung von Bauteilen in einem deutlich größeren Querschnitt als benötigt widerspricht dem Grundgedanken bei der Anwendung der Holzbauweise, eine ressourcenschonende und ökologische Bauart auszuführen. Zugleich steigt ebenso die Nachfrage nach Möglichkeiten, brennbare Dämmstoffe im Holzrahmenbau zu integrieren. Auch hier spielt der Wunsch, eine ganzheitlich nachhaltige Bauweise auszuführen, eine große Rolle. Daher wurden bei den Großbrandversuchen zwei Bauteile untersucht, die auf diese Aspekte eingehen und das Sicherheitsniveau einer solchen Bauweise aufzeigen sollen.
Optimising pre‐operative imaging–surgery intervals for stones
Authors: Chibuzo Ijeoma , Vucicevic Aleksandar , Oliyide Abisola , Adeyoju Adebanji , Gall Zara
Published: June 2023

Introduction and objectives

The NICE guidelines for acute ureteric colic recommend diagnostic imaging, definitive management and definitive care within 24 and 48 h of symptoms and 4 weeks of temporisation, respectively. However, the NHS reality is fraught with long waiting times to definitive treatment, further compounded by a progressively increasing stone burden, paucity of on‐site lithotripters and a decrease in non‐cancer elective theatre sessions during the COVID‐19 pandemic. By the time patients attended the elective surgeries, their reference images (RIs) were often significantly out of date. Scant direction exists on what interval between imaging and surgery invalidates the usefulness of the RIs in providing surgical guidance.

This study aimed to evaluate the role of imaging–surgery intervals (ISIs) on upper tract stone negative surgery outcomes and derive a cut‐off ISI warranting updated images, with a view to improving efficiency and patient safety.

Materials and methods

Upper tract stone surgeries were retrospectively assessed. Each renal unit was considered independently in bilateral stones. Cases were grouped into renal/pelvic (referred to as ‘RENAL’) and URETERIC stones. Data retrieved included the ISI, intra‐operative disparity (IOD) between stone‐related features on RIs and the surgical findings. Receiver operating curves (ROCs) were used to determine ISI cut‐offs more predictive of IODs.

Results

Four hundred and twenty‐seven surgeries on 174 (40.7%) RENAL and 253 (59.3%) URETERIC stones were appraised. No stones were found intraoperatively in 52 (12.1%) patients. Longer ISIs were associated with IODs, especially with URETERIC stones (p = 0.011, CI95 0.63; 4.84). The derived ROC ISI cut‐offs beyond which IODs, including negative surgeries, were more likely were 9 weeks for URETERIC (AUC: 63%, CI95 0.56; 0.70) and 19 weeks (AUC: 58.6%, CI95 0.50; 0.68) for RENAL stones, respectively.

Conclusion

There is a need to update reference imaging done more than 9 or 19 weeks before surgery for URETERIC and RENAL stones, respectively.
Multi‐color luminescence of Sm3+‐doped Na2YMg2V3O12 phosphor potentially applicable in white‐LEDs
Authors: Zhang Weiyi , Shao Yanqiu , Zhu Ying , Shao Yingying , Tian Chao , He Can
Published: June 2023

A novel multi‐color emitting Na2YMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphor was synthesized using a solid‐state reaction, and its crystal structure, luminescence properties, and thermal stability were studied. Charge transfer within the (VO4)3− groups in the Na2YMg2V3O12 host led to a broad emission band between 400 and 700 nm, with a maximum at 530 nm. The Na2Y1−xMg2V3O12:xSm3+ phosphors exhibited a multi‐color emission band under 365 nm near‐ultraviolet (near‐UV) light, consisting of the green emission of the (VO4)3− groups and sharp emission peaks at 570 nm (yellow), 618 nm (orange), 657 nm (red), and 714 nm (deep red) of Sm3+ ions. The optimal doping concentration of Sm3+ ions was found to be 0.05 mol%, and the dipole–dipole (d–d) interaction was primarily responsible for the concentration quenching phenomenon. Using the acquired Na2YMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphors, commercial BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ blue phosphor, and a near‐UV light‐emitting diode (LED) chip, a white‐LED lamp was designed and packaged. It produced bright neutral white light, manifesting a CIE coordinate of (0.314, 0.373), a color rendering index (CRI) of 84.9, and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6377 K. These findings indicate the potential of Na2YMg2V3O12:Sm3+ phosphor to be used as a multi‐color component for solid‐state illumination.
Cancer‐directed surgery in patients with metastatic cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized evidence
Authors: Abel Mary Kathryn , Myers Ellen L. , Minkin Ellen , Tahir Peggy , Haynes Alex B. , Wright Jason D. , Rauh‐Hain J. Alejandro , Melamed Alexander
Published: June 2023

Purpose

To assess the impact of primary‐site surgery plus systemic therapy compared to systemic therapy alone on overall survival in common metastatic cancer types.

Methods

Data sources included Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science (January 1, 1995–March 22, 2023). Randomized controlled trials were included that enrolled patients diagnosed with the 10 most common de novo metastatic cancer types in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and randomized patients to resection of the primary site and systemic therapy versus systemic treatment alone. Random‐effects models were used to pool associations by cancer type.

Results

Eight studies with 1774 patients evaluating the efficacy of surgery in breast, renal, stomach, and colorectal cancer were included. There was no statistically significant reduction in risk of all‐cause mortality associated with surgical intervention for metastatic breast (HR = 0.94, 95% CI 0.63–1.40) or renal cancer (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.53–1.20), although results were heterogeneous (I2 = 73.7% and 80.6%, respectively). One study evaluating gastrectomy in metastatic stomach cancer found no benefit (HR = 1.09, 95% CI 0.78–1.52), while a small trial suggested that surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy might be beneficial for colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastasis (HR = 0.55, 95% CI 0.32–0.95).

Conclusions

Few randomized trials have evaluated cancer‐directed surgery among patients with metastatic solid malignancies.