bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanical properties of recycled LDPE/EVA/ground tyre rubber blends: Effects of EVA content and postirradiation
Authors: Mészáros László , Fejős Márta , Bárány Tamás
Published: December 2011

Thermoplastic elastomers were prepared from recycled low density polyethylene [rLDPE] and virgin low density polyethylene (LDPE), respectively, ground tyre rubber (GTR), and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymer. The amounts of the rLDPE and GTR were fixed at 40 and 30 wt %, respectively, in the formulations, whereas the LDPE and EVA contents varied each between 0 and 30 wt %. The fresh LDPE served for reduction of the melt viscosity and EVA was used for improving the elastomeric properties. Blends of different compositions (by varying the LDPE/EVA ratio) were produced by twin‐screw extrusion and pelletized. Specimens were produced by injection molding and subjected to tensile and instrumented falling weight impact (IFWI) tests. To improve the mechanical performance of the blends, the injection molded specimens were electron beam irradiated at 150 kGy absorbed dose. Static tensile and hysteresis, IFWI and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis tests were performed on the specimens and the fracture surface was inspected with a scanning electron microscope. The results indicated that better rubber‐like properties were achieved with increasing EVA content. Moreover, postirradiation proved to be very beneficial, especially for blends containing relative high amounts of EVA. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Imparting antifouling properties of silicone hydrogels by grafting poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate initiated by UV light
Authors: Wang Jing Jing , Liu Fang
Published: December 2011

Both hydrophilic and antifouling surfaces were prepared on silicone hydrogels with poly(ethylene glycol) methyl ether acrylate (PEGMA) grafted by UV‐induced radical polymerization. The PEGMA‐grafted silicone hydrogels were characterized by graft yield and static water contact angle measurements. According to the results, the graft yield reached a maximum at 8 min of UV exposure time and 20 wt% PEGMA concentration. The modified silicone hydrogels possessed hydrophilic surfaces with the lowest water contact angle of 36°. The oxygen permeability and transparency of the PEGMA‐grafted silicone hydrogels were as high as the unmodified silicone hydrogel. The mechanical property of silicone hydrogels was maintained at about 95% of the tensile strength and elastic modulus after the PEGMA grafting. The in vitro single protein adsorption on the PEGMA‐grafted silicone hydrogels decreased by 70–80% compared to the unmodified silicone hydrogel. The PEGMA‐grafted silicone hydrogel is expected to be a novel biomaterial, which possesses excellent surface hydrophilicity, antifouling property, oxygen permeability, and mechanical property. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Effect of morphology of polyaniline nanomaterials on cure kinetics and properties of liquid crystalline epoxy nanocomposite
Authors: Bae Joonwon
Published: December 2011

Three types of polyaniline (PANI) nanomaterials, nanorods with an average diameter of 30 nm, and nanospheres with average diameter of 30 and 300 nm were synthesized and employed as a curing agent and conducting nanofiller to prepare liquid crystalline epoxy (LCE)/polyaniline nanocomposites. The morphological effect of PANI nanomaterials on the cure behavior of LCE/PANI systems was extensively investigated using dynamic and isothermal differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. Dynamic DSC results showed that PANI nanorod was a more effective curing agent than nanospheres, because nanospheres retarded cure reaction to some extent compared with PANI nanorods. Isothermal DSC demonstrated that degree of cure was independent of PANI nanoshape. The effect of PANI morphology on the performance of cured LCE/PANI nanocomposites was also examined. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) illustrated that the LCE/PANI nanorod system exhibited an enhanced thermal stability than LCE/PANI nanospheres. LCE/PANI nanocomposites showed enhanced electrical conductivity regardless of PANI type compared with conventional epoxy composites (10−5∼ 10−4 S cm−1). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that macrophase separation was not observed in LCE/PANI nanocomposites. PANI nanorods are advantageous for improving the performances of LCE/PANI nanocomposites. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Dorsal Fronto‐Parietal Connections of the Human Brain: A Fiber Dissection Study of Their Composition and Anatomical Relationships
Authors: Maldonado Igor L. , Mandonnet Emmanuel , Duffau Hugues
Published: December 2011

The goal of this study was to detail the composition of dorsal fronto‐parietal connections in the human brain, focusing on the dorsal component of superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF), short association fibers, their three‐dimensional organization, and relationships with adjacent projection and commissural fibers. Ten human cerebral hemispheres (five left and five right) were obtained from necropsy specimens. The technique for specimen preparation was adapted from that previously described by Ludwig and Klingler for spreading groups of white matter fibers, rendering tracts visible and dissectible. Near the superior border of the hemisphere, we observed an overall organization consisting of a succession of “U” fibers in both sides of a narrow and irregular intermediary layer of white matter. Dissection of the core fibers leads to the corona radiata (intermingled with the callosal radiations) on the lateral aspect and to the callosal radiations at the medial aspect of the hemisphere. Based on our findings, the fiber dissection technique does not provide evidence of the presence of long horizontal association fibers in such location, as suggested by brain imaging techniques. The results of this study lead us to hypothesize that dorsal regions of the frontal and parietal lobes superior to the level of the cingulate sulcus are connected by a succession of short association pathways. Dissectible long association fibers are only encountered in a zone restricted to a lower and deeper portion of the superior parietal lobule. These fibers are clearly integrated in the lower portions of the SLF/arcuate fasciculus complex. Anat Rec, 2012. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Indicators of the quality of trauma care and the performance of trauma systems
Authors: Gruen R L , Gabbe B J , Stelfox H T , Cameron P A
Published: December 2011

Background

Valid and reliable measures of trauma system performance are needed to guide improvement activities, benchmarking and public reporting, future investment and research. Traditional measures of in-hospital mortality fail to take into account prehospital and posthospital care, recovery after discharge, and the nature and costs of long-term disability.

Methods

Drawing on recent systematic reviews, an overview was conducted of existing and emerging trauma care performance indicators. Changes in the nature and purpose of indicators were assessed.

Results

Among a large number of existing, mostly locally developed performance indicators, only peer review of deaths has evidence of validity or reliability. The usefulness of the traditional performance measure of in-hospital mortality has been challenged. There is an emerging shift in focus from mortality to non-mortality outcomes, from hospital-based to long-term community-based outcome assessment, and from single measures of trauma centre performance to measures better suited to monitoring the performance of systems of care spanning the entire patient journey. As a result, a new generation of indicators is emerging that are both feasible and potentially more useful for commissioners and payers of population-based services.

Conclusion

A global endeavour is now under way to agree on a set of standardized performance indicators that are meaningful to patients, carers, clinicians, managers and service funders, are likely to contribute to desired outcomes, and are valid, reliable and have a strong evidence base.
Systematic review of multidisciplinary rehabilitation in patients with multiple trauma
Authors: Khan F , Amatya B , Hoffman K
Published: December 2011

Background

Multiple trauma is a cause of significant disability in adults of working age. Despite the implementation of trauma systems for improved coordination and organization of care, rehabilitation services are not yet routinely considered integral to trauma care processes.

Methods

MEDLINE, Embase, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine, Physiotherapy Evidence Database, Latin American and Caribbean Literature on Health Sciences and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to May 2011 for randomized clinical trials, as well as observational studies, reporting outcomes of injured patients following multidisciplinary rehabilitation that addressed functional restoration and societal reintegration based on the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health.

Results

No randomized and/or controlled clinical trials were identified. Fifteen observational studies involving 2386 participants with injuries were included. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach assessed methodological quality as ‘poor’ in all studies, with selection and observer bias. Although patients with low functional scores showed improvement after rehabilitation, they were unable to resume their pretrauma level of activity. Their functional ability was significantly associated with motor independence on admission and early acute rehabilitation, which contributed to a shorter hospital stay. Injury location, age, co-morbidity and education predicted long-term functional consequences. Trauma care systems were associated with reduced mortality. The gaps in evidence include: rehabilitation settings, components, intensity, duration and types of therapy, and long-term outcomes for survivors of multiple trauma.

Conclusion

Rehabilitation is an expensive resource and the evidence to support its justification is needed urgently. The issues in study design and research methodology in rehabilitation are challenging. Opportunities to prioritize trauma rehabilitation, disability management and social reintegration of multiple injury survivors are discussed.
Magnitude and Origin of the Attraction and Directionality of the Halogen Bonds of the Complexes of C6F5X and C6H5X (X=I, Br, Cl and F) with Pyridine
Authors: Tsuzuki Seiji , Wakisaka Akihiro , Ono Taizo , Sonoda Takaaki
Published: December 2011

The geometries and interaction energies of complexes of pyridine with C6F5X, C6H5X (X=I, Br, Cl, F and H) and RFI (RF=CF3, C2F5and C3F7) have been studied by ab initio molecular orbital calculations. The CCSD(T) interaction energies (Eint) for the C6F5X–pyridine (X=I, Br, Cl, F and H) complexes at the basis set limit were estimated to be −5.59, −4.06, −2.78, −0.19 and −4.37 kcal mol−1, respectively, whereas theEintvalues for the C6H5X–pyridine (X=I, Br, Cl and H) complexes were estimated to be −3.27, −2.17, −1.23 and −1.78 kcal mol−1, respectively. Electrostatic interactions are the cause of the halogen dependence of the interaction energies and the enhancement of the attraction by the fluorine atoms in C6F5X. The values ofEintestimated for the RFI–pyridine (RF=CF3, C2F5and C3F7) complexes (−5.14, −5.38 and −5.44 kcal mol−1, respectively) are close to that for the C6F5I–pyridine complex. Electrostatic interactions are the major source of the attraction in the strong halogen bond although induction and dispersion interactions also contribute to the attraction. Short‐range (charge‐transfer) interactions do not contribute significantly to the attraction. The magnitude of the directionality of the halogen bond correlates with the magnitude of the attraction. Electrostatic interactions are mainly responsible for the directionality of the halogen bond. The directionality of halogen bonds involving iodine and bromine is high, whereas that of chlorine is low and that of fluorine is negligible. The directionality of the halogen bonds in the C6F5I– and C2F5I–pyridine complexes is higher than that in the hydrogen bonds in the water dimer and water–formaldehyde complex. The calculations suggest that the CI and CBr halogen bonds play an important role in controlling the structures of molecular assemblies, that the CCl bonds play a less important role and that CF bonds have a negligible impact.
ChemInform Abstract: Crystal and Electronic Structure Study of AgPd3Se.
Authors: Laufek F. , Vymazalova A. , Chareev D. A. , Kristavchuk A. V. , Lin Q. , Drahokoupil J. , Vasilchikova T. M.
Published: December 2011

The title compound is synthesized by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (800 °C for 2 d and 350 °C for 62 d).
ChemInform Abstract: Superconducting‐Like Behavior of the Layered Chalcogenides CuS and CuSe Below 40 K.
Authors: Raveau B. , Sarkar Tapati
Published: December 2011

Strongly sintered (600—800 °C, 24 h) CuS and CuSe exhibit a sharp diamagnetic transition and a resistivity drop around 40 K.
ChemInform Abstract: Mixed Pentasupertetrahedral P1 and Supertetrahedral T2 Clusters as Building Units to Create Two‐Dimentional Indium Chalcogenides Open Framework.
Authors: Chen Chuan‐Yu , Ou Chun‐Chang , Huang Hsiu‐Fuan , Cheng Jeng‐Horng , Yang Chung‐Sung
Published: December 2011

Reddish crystals of the new open framework clusters [In12S21(Se3)H2]10‐ are hydrothermally prepared from an aqueous mixture of In, S, Se, NaOH, 4,4′‐trimethylene dipiperidine (TMDP), and histidine (autoclave, 150 °C, 3 d, <55% yield).
ChemInform Abstract: First Substoichiometric Version of the Catalytic Enantioselective Addition of an Alkyllithium to an Aldehyde.
Authors: Lecachey Baptiste , Fressigne Catherine , Oulyadi Hassan , Harrison‐Marchand Anne , Maddaluno Jacques
Published: December 2011

Calculated quantities of LiCl have to be added to the reaction mixture at the proper time to keep the catalytic cycle running.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Nucleophilic Addition to Aldehydes with Polar α‐ and α,β‐Substituents.
Authors: Borg Tessie , Danielsson Jakob , Mohiti Maziar , Restorp Per , Somfai Peter
Published: December 2011

The stereoselectivities obtained in Lewis acid‐promoted Mukaiyama aldol additions and Sakurai allylations of mono‐, and disubstituted aldehydes possessing various polar substituents are presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Cesium Carbonate Supported on Alumina for the Michael Addition of Diethyl Malonate to Methyl Acrylates.
Authors: Hida Tetsunari , Komura Kenichi , Sugi Yoshihiro
Published: December 2011

Cesium carbonate supported on alumina is a highly active catalyst for the Michael addition of active methylene compounds to acrylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Selective Oxidation of Primary Alkanols into the “Symmetrical” Esters with the H2O2—MBr—HCl System.
Authors: Nikishin G. I. , Sokova L. L. , Kapustina N. I.
Published: December 2011

A simple, facile, and effective method for the synthesis of esters by the oxidation of linear and branched alkanols in water is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Annulation Reactions for Diastereoselective Cyclopentene Synthesis.
Authors: Kohn Benjamin L. , Jarvo Elizabeth R.
Published: December 2011

The Pd‐catalyzed treatment of activated alkenes of type (I) and (IV) with the allene (II) allows an effective and highly diastereoselective access to trisubstituted cyclopentenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Substituted Indenes Through Iron‐Catalyzed Annulation of Benzylic Alcohols with Alkynes.
Authors: Bu Xiuli , Hong Jianquan , Zhou Xigeng
Published: December 2011

The stoichiometric ratio of alcohols and alkynes has a large impact on the selectivity of the tandem mono‐ and dibenzylation/cyclization process.
ChemInform Abstract: Aziridines from Intramolecular Alkene Aziridination of Sulfamates: Reactivity Toward Carbon Nucleophiles. Application to the Synthesis of Spisulosine and Its Fluoro Analogue.
Authors: Malik Guillaume , Esteoule Audrey , Retailleau Pascal , Dauban Philippe
Published: December 2011

Reaction of the aziridines (II) with C‐nucleophiles generally proceeds with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity giving trans‐substituted 7‐membered cyclic sulfamidates.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Vinylogous Mannich Reactions: A Versatile Approach to Functionalized Heterocycles.
Authors: Ruan Shu‐Tang , Luo Jie‐Min , Du Yu , Huang Pei‐Qiang
Published: December 2011

Coupling of the furan (I) with the imines (R)‐ and (S)‐(II) allows a stereoselective access to butenolides like (III).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐(1‐Phenylvinyl)benzofurans and 2‐(1‐Phenylvinyl)indoles as Antimitotic Agents by a Tandem Palladium‐Assisted Coupling‐Cyclization Reaction Between 1‐Phenylvinyl Iodides and ortho‐Substituted Arylalkynes.
Authors: Treguier Bret , Rasolofonjatovo Evelia , Hamze Abdallah , Provot Olivier , Wdzieczak‐Bakala Joanna , Dubois Joelle , Brion Jean‐Daniel , Alami Mouad
Published: December 2011

The title compounds are efficiently synthesized by the tandem reaction of arylvinyl iodides (II) with silylated alkynes.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Rearrangement of 2‐Furylcarbamates with Dimethyldioxirane: A High‐Yielding Preparation of 5‐Hydroxypyrrol‐2(5H)‐ones.
Authors: Boukouvalas John , Loach Richard P. , Ouellet Etienne
Published: December 2011

A convenient method is developed for the synthesis of the title compounds.
ChemInform Abstract: Regiospecific Epoxide Opening: A Facile Approach for the Synthesis of 3‐Hydroxy‐3‐aminomethylindolin‐2‐one Derivatives.
Authors: Chouhan Mangilal , Senwar Kishna Ram , Sharma Ratnesh , Grover Vikas , Nair Vipin A.
Published: December 2011

A mild, simple, and eco‐friendly synthesis of the title compounds (III) and (IV) in a green solvent is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Properties of a New Donor—Acceptor Diad Composed of DT‐TTF and Dicyanomethylidene Group.
Authors: Nakamura Ken‐ichi , Shirahata Takashi , Miyamoto Hisakazu , Misaki Yohji
Published: December 2011

The compound (Va) exhibits conductivity of 10‐6 S cm‐1 in spite of a single‐component material.
ChemInform Abstract: “Click” Synthesis of Nonsymmetrical 4,4′‐Bis(1,2,3‐triazolium) Salts.
Authors: Aizpurua Jesus M. , Sagartzazu‐Aizpurua Maialen , Azcune Itxaso , Miranda Jose I. , Monasterio Zaira , Garcia‐Lecina Eva , Fratila Raluca M.
Published: December 2011

Copper‐catalyzed cycloaddition of ethynyltriazoles (I) with azides provides precursors (III) which can be converted into title compounds as shown for (IIIb).
ChemInform Abstract: Arylamides Hybrids of Two High‐Affinity σ2 Receptor Ligands as Tools for the Development of PET Radiotracers.
Authors: Abate Carmen , Ferorelli Savina , Contino Marialessandra , Marottoli Roberta , Colabufo Nicola Antonio , Perrone Roberto , Berardi Francesco
Published: December 2011

Compound (I) represents an interesting tool for the development of PET traces useful in tumors overexpressing P‐glycoprotein.
ChemInform Abstract: Silver‐Catalyzed exo‐dig‐Azacyclization/[3 + 2] Cycloaddition Cascades on 1‐Tosylhydrazon‐4‐oxy‐5‐yne Substrates: Applicability to Diverse Alkenes.
Authors: Huple Deepak B. , Chen Chun‐Hao , Das Arindam , Liu Rai‐Shung
Published: December 2011

In contrast to reported 6‐endo‐dig‐azacyclizations, the reaction has a wide reaction scope, with respect to both substrates, including non‐benzoid substrates, electron‐rich and electron‐deficient alkenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Investigation of Prins Reaction for the Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted Tetrahydropyran Derivatives and 1,3‐Dioxanes Using Polyaniline Supported Acid as Reusable Catalyst.
Authors: Borah Kalyan Jyoti , Borah Ruli
Published: December 2011

Polyaniline‐supported TosOH or FeCl3 appear to be useful, reusable catalysts for the Prins cyclization of homoallylic alcohols with aromatic aldehydes as well as the synthesis of dioxanes (VIII) via condensation of terminal olefins with paraformaldehyde.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of Novel 1,3,4‐Thiadiazine Derivatives.
Authors: Yang Yajun , Feng Ziming , Jiang Jianshuang , Yang Yanan , Pan Xiandao , Zhang Peicheng
Published: December 2011

A series of novel phthiobuzone analogues (III) is synthesized and tested in vitro for their anti‐herpes simplex virus (HSV) activity.
ChemInform Abstract: A Convenient Synthesis of New Pyrido[3,2‐e][1,4]diazepine‐2,5‐diones and Pyrido[2,3‐e][1,4]diazepine‐2,5‐diones.
Authors: El Bouakher Abderrahman , Laborie Helene , Aadil Mina , El Hakmaoui Ahmed , Lazar Said , Akssira Mohamed , Viaud‐Massuard Marie‐Claude
Published: December 2011

Different approaches are presented to prepare the title skeletons, especially the regioisomers (IV) and (X).
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Anticancer Activity of Chalcone‐Pyrrolobenzodiazepine Conjugates Linked via 1,2,3‐Triazole Ring Side‐Armed with Alkane Spacers.
Authors: Kamal Ahmed , Prabhakar S. , Ramaiah M. Janaki , Reddy P. Venkat , Reddy Ch. Ratna , Mallareddy A. , Shankaraiah Nagula , Reddy T. Lakshmi Narayan , Pushpavalli S. N. C. V. L. , Pal‐Bhadra Manika
Published: December 2011

New chalcone‐pyrrolobenzodiazepine conjugate (Ia) exhibits promising anticancer activities against selected human cancer cell lines.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Disubstituted Phosphinates via Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrophosphinylation of H‐Phosphinic Acids.
Authors: Petit Christelle , Fecourt Fabien , Montchamp Jean‐Luc
Published: December 2011

All products are isolated without any chromatography.
ChemInform Abstract: Manganese(III)‐Promoted Tandem Oxidation and Cyclization of β‐Keto Ester Derivatives of Terpenoids.
Authors: Li Zhilong , Jung Heejung , Park Mira , Lah Myoung Soo , Koo Sangho
Published: December 2011

A new type of terpenoid cyclization by manganese(III)‐initiated oxidation of β‐ketoester, followed by an intramolecular hetero Diels—Alder reaction with the terpenoid chain is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Limonoids and Triterpenoids from the Seeds of Melia azedarach.
Authors: Liu Hong‐Bing , Zhang Chuan‐Rui , Dong Shi‐Hui , Dong Lei , Wu Yan , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: December 2011

Five new title compounds (I)—(IV) are isolated and identified along with several known compounds from Chinaberry seeds.
ChemInform Abstract: Evaluation of Antiinflammatory, Antinociceptive, and Antiulcerogenic Activities of Novel Synthesized Thiazolyl and Pyrrolyl Steroids.
Authors: Mohareb Rafat M. , Elmegeed Gamal A. , Baiuomy Ayman R. , Eskander Emad F. , William Marian G.
Published: December 2011

This straightforward protocol provides access to modified steroids containing fused pyrrole or thiazole nuclei in addition to the pharmacophoric features of the steroid moiety.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (‐)‐Nakadomarin A.
Authors: Kyle Andrew F. , Jakubec Pavol , Cockfield Dane M. , Cleator Ed , Skidmore John , Dixon Darren J.
Published: December 2011

The marine alkaloid nakadomarin A (VII) is synthesized via a diastereoselective Michael addition reaction of ester (I) with nitro olefin (II) followed by a nitro‐Mannich/lactamization of ester (III) as key steps.
ChemInform Abstract: Quinolizidines Alkaloids: Petrosin and Xestospongins from the Sponge Oceanapia sp.
Authors: Singh Keisham Sarjit , Das Babulal , Naik Chandrakant G.
Published: December 2011

Three new xestospongins (I) and (II) and six known alkaloids are isolated from title sponge.
ChemInform Abstract: Construction of Strong Alkaline Hydrothermal Environment for Synthesis of Copper Telluride Nanowires.
Authors: Wan Buyong , Hu Chenguo , Zhou Weijia , Liu Hong , Zhang Yan
Published: December 2011

Cu2‐xTe nanowires are hydrothermally synthesized from a 6 M KOH aqueous solution of CuCl2, Te powder, and hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent (autoclave, 200 °C, 24 h), followed by annealing at 250 °C for 4 h in N2.
ChemInform Abstract: SAR Analysis of Innovative Selective Small Molecule Antagonists of Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate 4 (S1P4) Receptor.
Authors: Urbano Mariangela , Guerrero Miguel , Zhao Jian , Velaparthi Subash , Schaeffer Marie‐Therese , Brown Steven , Rosen Hugh , Roberts Edward
Published: December 2011

CYM 50333 (I) and CYM 50367 (II), novel selective S1P4 antagonists with activities in the nanomolar range, represent valuable small molecule tools to investigate the biological and pharmacological role of the target receptor in megakaryocyte differentiation and fundamental immune processes.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Functionalized Zn and Mg Organometallics — Application to the Performance of Diastereoselective Cross‐Couplings
Authors: Knochel Paul , Diene Coura
Published: December 2011

Review: 22 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvent‐Free Coumarin Synthesis via Pechmann Reaction Using Solid Catalysts
Authors: Kalita Pranjal , Kumar Rajiv
Published: December 2011

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biocatalytic Routes to Chiral Intermediates for Development of Drugs
Authors: Patel Ramesh N.
Published: December 2011

Review: 238 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Applications of Group 14 Metalated Arylboranes
Authors: Kurach Pawel , Lulinski Sergiusz
Published: December 2011

Review: 144 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phosphorus Heterocycles
Authors: Mathey Francois
Published: December 2011

Review: 280 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Click Chemistry‐Based Functionalization on Non‐Oxidized Silicon Substrates
Authors: Li Yan , Cai Chengzhi
Published: December 2011

Review: 99 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Diselenophosphinates. Synthesis and Applications
Authors: Artem'ev Alexander V. , Gusarova Nina K. , Malysheva Svetlana F. , Trofimov Boris A.
Published: December 2011

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Functional Glutamate Signaling in Neural Progenitor Cells
Authors: Nakamichi Noritaka
Published: December 2011

Review: 21 refs.
2‐Chlorotetrafluoroethanesulfinamide Induced Diastereoselective Three‐Component Aminoallylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Liu Lijuan , Liu Jintao
Published: December 2011

The diastereoselective three‐component reaction of aldehydes, allyl bromide, and (S)‐2‐chlorotetrafluoroethanesulfinamide was achieved in the presence of zinc powder and titanium(IV) isopropoxide. Compared to (S)‐tert‐butanesulfinamide, the reaction used zinc powder instead of indium and better results were obtained with aromatic aldehydes. Moreover, opposite stereoselectivity is observed.
Hydrogen Bonded Supramolecular Polymers in Both Apolar and Aqueous Media: Self‐Assembly and Reversible Conversion of Vesicles and Gels
Authors: Du Ping , Kong Jun , Wang Guitao , Zhao Xin , Li Guangyu , Jiang Xikui , Li Zhanting
Published: December 2011

In a preliminary letter (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 188), we reported two new hydrazide‐based quadruple hydrogen‐bonding motifs, this is, two monopodal (1a and 1b) and five dipodal (2a, 2b and 3a–3c) aromatic hydrazide derivatives, and the formation of supramolecular polymers and vesicles from the dipodal motifs in hydrocarbons. In this paper, we present a full picture on the properties of these hydrogen‐bonding motifs with an emphasis on their self‐assembling behaviors in aqueous media. SEM, AFM, TEM and fluorescent micrographs indicate that all the dipodal compounds also form vesicles in polar methanol and water‐methanol (up to 50% of water) mixtures. Control experiments show that 1b does not form vesicles in same media. Addition of 1b to the solution of the dipodal compounds inhibits the latter's capacity of forming vesicles. At high concentrations, 3b and 3c also gelate discrete solvents, including hydrocarbons, esters, methanol, and methanol‐water mixture. Concentration‐dependent SEM investigations reveal that the vesicles of 3b and 3c fuse to form gels and the gel of 3c can de‐aggregate to form the vesicles reversibly.
Synthesis of Novel gem‐Difluoromethylene‐containing 1,2,3‐Triazoles via Click Reaction
Authors: Zhao Wenwen , Li Hui , Zhang Jian , Cao Song
Published: December 2011

Seventeen novel gem‐difluoromethylene‐containing 1,2,3‐triazoles were synthesized by the click reaction of ethyl 2‐azido‐2,2‐difluoroacetate and terminal alkynes in the presence of 10 mol% CuI.
Difluoromethylation of O‐, S‐, N‐, C‐Nucleophiles Using Difluoromethyltri(n‐butyl)ammonium Chloride as a New Difluorocarbene Source
Authors: Wang Fei , Huang Weizhou , Hu Jinbo
Published: December 2011

Difluoromethyltri(n‐butyl)ammonium chloride 1 was found to be an effective difluorocarbene reagent for O‐, S‐, N‐, C‐difluoromethylation under basic conditions. It is particularly remarkable that, when only 1.2 equivalent of reagent 1 was used, the difluoromethylated products were obtained in moderate to excellent yields.
Solvent‐ and Catalyst‐Free Direct Aldol Reactions
Authors: Wang Zongling , Zhang Chengpan , Zhang Chuntao , Zheng Yan‐Song , Xiao Jichang
Published: December 2011

Aldol reaction between simple benzaldehydes and ketones successfully happened in solvent‐ and catalyst‐free condition. The desired products were obtained in moderate yield at suitable temperature. Heat was assumed as the driving force for the reaction. This approach has obvious advantages to fully meet the requirement of the principles of green chemistry.
Au(I)‐Catalyzted Synthesis of 5‐Bromodifluoromethyl Pyrazoles from Fluorinated Alkynyl Ketones and Hydrazine
Authors: Li Shan , Li Zhengke , Peng Dongjie , Li Yajun , Zhu Jiangtao , Xie Haibo , Yuan Yafen , Chen Zixian , Wu Yongming
Published: December 2011

Fluorinated alkynyl ketones react with hydrazine to give fluorinated pyrazols in good to excellent yields with Au(I) as catalyst. All the reactions were carried out at room temperature with excellent regioselectivity.
Silver‐Catalyzed Chlorination of Aromatic Compounds
Authors: Li Binhua , Cheng Xiaomin , Li Chaozhong
Published: December 2011

With the catalysis of AgOTf, a number of arenes underwent chlorination with tert‐butyl hypochlorite to give the corresponding chrlorinated arenes in moderate yields.
An energy‐efficient localization algorithm for mobile vehicles in vehicle to vehicle network
Authors: Zhang Lingwen , Yang Gang
Published: December 2011

Traditional vehicle localization is based on global positioning system. However, the global positioning system is limited in shadowed environments such as underground carports, tunnels, and urban zones. This paper describes a vehicle positioning solution in an urban environment with the aid of vehicle to vehicle (V2V) networking, which utilizes the existing roadside sensors of the V2V network. The designed localization scheme is based on angle of arrival measurements. Compared with beamforming, minimum variance distortionless response, and subspace‐based methods, an angle of arrival estimation method presented in this paper called sparsity angle sensing, based on a sparse representation of sensor measurements and compressive sensing theory, outperforms the other three methods in spatial resolution and robustness. Then the paper applies the novel angle of arrival estimation algorithm into an energy‐efficient localization scheme design in a V2V network. Compared with sensor‐based approaches, the proposed scheme relieves the requirements of sensor size and energy consumption, and reduces communication and computation overhead. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of reducing the positioning error. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Palliative care for extremely premature infants and their families
Authors: Boss Renee D.
Published: December 2011

Extremely premature infants face multiple acute and chronic life‐threatening conditions. In addition, the treatments to ameliorate or cure these conditions often entail pain and discomfort. Integrating palliative care from the moment that extremely premature labor is diagnosed offers families and clinicians support through the process of defining goals of care and making decisions about life support. For both the extremely premature infant who dies soon after birth and the extremely premature infant who experiences multiple complications over weeks and months in the neonatal intensive care unit, palliative care can maintain a focus on infant comfort and family support. This article highlights the ways in which palliative care can be incorporated into intensive care for all critically ill infants. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:296–301.
Preterm birth: An overview of risk factors and obstetrical management
Authors: Stewart Amanda , Graham Ernest
Published: December 2011

Preterm birth is the leading cause of neonatal mortality and a major public health concern. Risk factors for preterm birth include a history of preterm birth, short cervix, infection, short interpregnancy interval, smoking, and African‐American race. The use of progesterone therapy to treat mothers at risk for preterm delivery is becoming more widespread. Tocolytics may not prevent preterm birth but have a role in prolonging pregnancy for administration of medications to benefit the preterm infant. These include antenatal steroids and, if indicated, magnesium sulfate for neuroprotection and intravenous antibiotics for Group B Streptococcus prophylaxis. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:285–288.
Preterm birth: Transition to adulthood
Authors: Allen Marilee C. , Cristofalo Elizabeth , Kim Christina
Published: December 2011

Preterm birth is associated with greater difficulty with transitions from childhood to adolescence to adulthood. Adolescents and young adults born preterm have higher rates of cerebral palsy, intellectual disability, cognitive impairment, learning disability, executive dysfunction, attention deficit disorder, and social‐emotional difficulties than their peers born fullterm. Compared to individuals born fullterm, more preterm survivors have major neurodevelopmental or psychiatric disability and need financial supports and societal resources. Neuroimaging studies of adolescents and adults born preterm report higher rates of brain injury, differences in regional brain structure, and different brain circuits than in those born fullterm. Making the transition to adulthood is more difficult for young adults who were born preterm than their peers born fullterm, in that fewer complete high school and higher education, find and keep meaningful employment, and live independently from their parents. As a group, they do not tend to be risk‐takers, and they have lower rates of alcohol abuse, use of illicit drugs, and criminal offenses than do their peers. Despite their many challenges, the majority of adults born preterm function well, form personal relationships, integrate well into their community, and are as satisfied with their quality of life as are their peers. Concerns regarding current preterm infants, with more extremely preterm survivors, overwhelming our medical, educational, and societal resources should serve as an impetus for research on prevention of preterm births and brain injury, as well as how to support and promote their ongoing neuromaturation and recovery from injury. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Dev Disabil Res Rev 2010;16:323–335.
Perceived Family Support and Self‐Esteem: The Mediational Role of Emotional Experience in Adults with Dyslexia
Authors: Nalavany Blace A. , Carawan Lena W.
Published: December 2011

Although a growing body of literature shows that perceived family support (PFS) influences self‐esteem in adults with dyslexia, little empirical attention has been given to the mechanisms through which this effect operates across early, middle, and late adulthood. The present study examined the mediational effect of emotional experience with dyslexia (EED, emotions stemming from living with an often misunderstood and stereotyped learning difficulty) that may account for the empirical link between PFS and self‐esteem. The participants were 224 adults with self‐identified dyslexia (average age = 49.1 years, males = 64.7%) who participated in a Web‐based survey. A bootstrapping analysis (a new approach to mediational analysis) revealed that EED mediated the relationship between PFS and self‐esteem across the entire sample and in early and middle adulthood. The mediational effect was strongest in early adulthood. Implications of these findings are discussed. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Generation and control of electrolyte cathode atmospheric glow discharge using miniature gas flow
Authors: Shirai Naoki , Nakazawa Masato , Ibuka Shinji , Ishii Shozo
Published: December 2011

Stable electrolyte cathode atmospheric DC glow microdischarges were generated by using a miniature helium gas flow from a nozzle electrode in air. We developed two schemes to control the temporal evolution of the discharge and the interaction between the discharge column and the ambient air. The vaporization of electrolyte solutions takes place and affects the discharge characteristics. This takes time from the start of the discharge. Therefore, the discharge was controlled by applying pulse‐modulated DC voltages. If the voltage was dropped down to zero before the vaporization, the gas discharge developed without the ionization of the solution components. A helium gas discharge without air developed when the nozzle electrode was placed in a glass capillary. This was confirmed by examining the change in pH of the solution, which usually decreased owing to the generation of nitrogen oxides in the discharge in air. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electr Eng Jpn, 178(4): 8–15, 2012; Published online in Wiley Online Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com). DOI 10.1002/eej.21222
Secure DV‐Hop localization scheme against wormhole attacks in wireless sensor networks
Authors: Labraoui Nabila , Gueroui Mourad , Aliouat Makhlouf
Published: December 2011

Localization is an important topic in mobile wireless ad hoc and sensor networks, which has received considerable attention from the research community during the past few decades. In many sensor networks applications, location awareness is useful or even necessary. However, because of their key role in wireless sensor networks, localization systems can be the target of an attack that could compromise the entire functioning of a wireless sensor network. In this paper, we present a novel defense mechanism against wormhole attacks in DV‐Hop localization algorithm. The main idea of our approach is to plug in a proactive countermeasure to the basic DV‐Hop scheme called Infection prevention. We choose the wormhole attack as our defending target because it is a particularly challenging attack that can be successfully launched without compromising any nodes or having access to any cryptographic keys. Using analysis and simulation, we show that our solution is effective in detecting and defending against wormhole attacks with a high detection rate. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
APPLICATION OF SOBEK HYDRAULIC SURFACE WATER MODELS IN THE NETHERLANDS HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING INSTRUMENT
Authors: Prinsen G. F. , Becker B. P. J.
Published: December 2011

The Netherlands is a low‐lying country in the delta of the Rhine and Meuse rivers. Water management is a challenging task at times of high river discharges, but also during droughts, with salt intrusion being an important issue. When river discharges are low, several inlets in the western parts of the country cannot be used, because salinities exceed the standards. Climate change will increase the frequency of these problems. The Freshwater Policy study within the Dutch Delta Programme investigates how to deal with future freshwater supply and demand in the Netherlands.

The Netherlands Hydrological modelling Instrument (NHI) has been developed in recent years by Deltares and Alterra in close cooperation with the Dutch Rijkswaterstaat‐Waterdienst, the Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, water boards and consultants. NHI is a set of integrated models for surface water, the unsaturated zone and groundwater. Surface water and salt balances are obtained using a 0‐dimensional water balance approach in combination with results of 1D‐hydrodynamic SOBEK flow models.

NHI is the central model used in the Dutch Delta Programme's Freshwater Policy study. We will introduce the principles of NHI, the surface water components and their interaction, and discuss the first results of the study. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The heat shock protein 40 family of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum
Authors: Rug Melanie , Maier Alexander G.
Published: December 2011

Few diseases have had such a profound influence on human evolution and history as malaria. Despite intense efforts malaria infection continues to be a major killer. The causative agent of malaria, the unicellular eukaryote Plasmodium, displays a fascinating biology in which ubiquitous cellular concepts are modified to serve the particular needs of the malaria parasite. In this review, we explore how Plasmodium utilizes the heat shock protein 40 system, a chaperone system that ensures correct protein folding under normal and stress conditions. We highlight the peculiarities of the Plasmodium system and discuss whether any components of the system might be exploited for intervention strategies against this debilitating disease. © 2011 IUBMB
IUBMB Life, 63(12): 1081–1086, 2011.
Coping when pain is a potential threat: The efficacy of acceptance versus cognitive distraction
Authors: Jackson T. , Yang Z. , Li X. , Chen H. , Huang X. , Meng J.
Published: December 2011

This experiment investigated the impact of brief training in acceptance versus distraction‐based pain management on experimental pain tolerance in conditions of lower and higher potential threats. One hundred fifty‐one pain‐free Chinese adults (93 women, 58 men) randomly assigned to acceptance, distraction or pain education control conditions engaged in a cold pressor test (CPT) after reading validated orienting information designed to prime either the safety of the CPT (lower threat) or symptoms and damaging effects of exposure to extreme cold (higher threat). A 2 (threat level) × 3 (training strategy) analysis of covariance, controlling for pre‐intervention pain tolerance and education, indicated the acceptance group was more pain tolerant than other training groups. This main effect was qualified by an interaction with threat level: in the lower threat condition, acceptance group participants were more pain tolerant than peers in the distraction or pain education groups while no training group differences were found in the higher threat condition. Supplementary analyses identified catastrophizing as a partial mediator of training group differences in pain tolerance. In summary, findings suggested acceptance‐based coping is superior to distraction as a means of managing experimental pain, particularly when pain sensations are viewed as comparatively low in potential threat.
Pain in ambulatory HIV‐positive South Africans
Authors: Mphahlele N.R. , Mitchell D. , Kamerman P.R.
Published: December 2011

We investigated the prevalence and intensity of pain, factors associated with having pain, and analgesic medications employed in a population consisting predominantly of Black African and female human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive individuals attending outpatient clinics in a rural (n = 125; 79% female; 100% Black African) and a metropolitan (n = 396; 75% female; 94% Black African) area of South Africa. Pain intensity, interference and treatment were assessed using the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire. Seventy‐two percent of rural participants and 56% of metropolitan participants had pain at the time of the interview, and this pain was moderate to severe in intensity in 60% of rural participants and 59% of metropolitan participants. Forty‐six percent of rural participants and 61% of metropolitan participants had multiple pain sites. The most common pain sites in rural participants were the abdomen (30%), chest (26%), head (19%) and genitals (15%), while in the metropolitan cohort the head (39%), feet (33%), chest (30%) and abdomen (20%) were the most common sites. In the rural cohort, antiretroviral therapy was independently associated with reduced risk of pain, while in the metropolitan cohort increasing age was weakly, but independently associated with having pain. Pharmacological management of pain was poor, with 29% of rural participants and 55% of metropolitan participants with pain not receiving any treatment. Of those receiving treatment, no participants were receiving strong opioids, and only 3% of metropolitan participants were receiving a weak opioid. Thus, HIV‐related pain is common and is poorly treated in both the rural and metropolitan setting in South Africa.
Cognitive impairment in fibromyalgia syndrome: The impact of cardiovascular regulation, pain, emotional disorders and medication
Authors: Reyes del Paso G.A. , Pulgar Á. , Duschek S. , Garrido S.
Published: December 2011

This study investigated cognitive performance in fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) and its association with cardiovascular and clinical parameters. Thirty‐five patients with FMS and 29 matched healthy controls completed a neuropsychological test measuring attention and arithmetic processing. As possible factors underlying the expected cognitive impairment, clinical pain intensity, co‐morbid depression and anxiety disorders, sleep complaints, medication use, as well as blood pressure parameters were investigated. The patients’ test performance was substantially reduced, particularly in terms of lower speed of cognitive processing and restricted improvement of performance in the course of the task. While the extent of depression, anxiety, fatigue and sleep complaints was unrelated to test performance, better performance was observed in patients showing lower pain ratings and those using opiate medication. The data corroborate the presence of substantial cognitive impairment in FMS. While the experience of chronic pain is crucial in mediating the deficits, co‐morbid depression, anxiety, fatigue and sleep complaints play only a subordinate role. In the control group, but not in the patients, blood pressure was inversely associated with mental performance. This finding is in line with the well known cognitive impairment in hypertension. The lack of this association in FMS confirms previous research showing aberrances in the interaction between blood pressure and central nervous function in the affected patients.
Experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity as dispositional variables and their relationship to the adjustment to chronic pain
Authors: Esteve R. , Ramírez‐Maestre C. , López‐Martínez A.E.
Published: December 2011

Anxiety sensitivity has been included in the fear‐avoidance model as a vulnerability factor to explain individual differences in fear of pain. Several studies have suggested that the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and some psychopathological disorders is mediated by experiential avoidance, an affect‐related regulatory process that involves unwillingness to endure private experiences. The role of these constructs as vulnerability variables has not been investigated in chronic pain patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance as dispositional variables in pain fear‐avoidance. Two alternative hypothetical models were tested: one in which anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance would be independently associated with pain fear‐avoidance; and second, one in which experiential avoidance would mediate the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and pain fear‐avoidance.

The sample was composed of 299 patients with chronic back pain. The postulated relationships were tested using LISREL 8.20 software (Scientific Software International, Chicago, IL, USA) and the generally weighted least squares. The structural equation modelling analyses showed that experiential avoidance and anxiety sensitivity were independently associated with pain fear‐avoidance and that anxiety sensitivity had a stronger association with pain fear‐avoidance than experiential avoidance. The alternative model, in which experiential avoidance mediates the relationship between anxiety sensitivity and pain fear‐avoidance, gave a much worse fit.

These results highlight the importance of both anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance as variables which could explain individual differences in pain fear‐avoidance. Thus, in terms of prevention, it should be a priority to identify patients with increased anxiety sensitivity and experiential avoidance during the first stages of the development of chronic pain conditions.