bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
About Some Mechanical Properties Regarding Sandwich Samples Reinforced with Poplar Strips and the Core from Crushed Corn Cobs with Hybrid Dammar-Based Matrix
Authors: Radoi Alexandru Ioan , Stanescu Marius Marinel , Bolcu Dumitru , Miritoiu Cosmin Mihai , Rosca Adrian Sorin , Bogdan Mihaela , Nicolicescu Claudiu
Published: July 2023

In this research some composite materials built in sandwich type style are studied. The lower and upper layers, that reinforce the samples, are made from poplar strips. The core is made from crushed corn cob and the adhesion of all parts (layers and core) is made by using hybrid resins based on a combination from dammar resin and the synthetic acrylic one (with its hardener). The static and dynamic mechanical behaviour by testing the samples to tensile and bending were studied. Two types of hybrid resins were used: one abbreviated as type B with the percentage of 60% dammar and 40% acrylic resin with hardener and one abbreviated as type C with the percentage of 65% dammar and 35% acrylic resin with hardener. A general conclusion from this study it was: the mechanical properties decrase with the dammar percentage increase. This fact can be explained by the decreased mechanical properties of the natural dammar resin compared to the synthetic acylic on
A Comparison Between PID and LQR Controllers for Stabilization of a Ball Balancing Robot
Authors: Sankhyan Shashi Bhushan , , Wadhwa Gunchita Kaur
Published: July 2023

Ball balancing robot (BBL) forms a dynamically stable system mounted on a ball which is in point contact with the ground surface. An omni-directional system for the BBL with maneuvering ability in the horizontal plane is attained as compared to two-wheeled robots, which can only move forward or backward. The stability of the BBL is defined by its capability to retain the upright position under all circumstances. Available literature [1, 2, 4, 5] includes the use of several single controllers to stabilize the BBL. This study performs a comparison of two popular controllers for stability analysis of the BBL, which included two model-based controllers, i.e., Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR). A 2D planar model is considered for mathematical modeling at the two vertical planes as well as the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the steady state equations are derived using the Euler-Lagrangian method. PID and LQR controllers are used to provide stability to the BBL using a mathematical toolkit in MATLAB. The results from MATLAB are used to study the differences between PID and LQR for stability of the BBL based on time needed to balance the robot. The settling time for the PID and LQR controllers was 0.79 seconds and 2.25 seconds, respectively. The results illustrate that the PID controller stabilized the BBL in upright position efficiently and more swiftly as compared to the LQR controller.
Efficient Power Management and Control Strategy of Hybrid Renewable Energy System in Microgrid
Authors: Vinothkumar J. , Thamizhselvan R.
Published: July 2023

Currently, the use of renewable energy has gradually increased due to the environmental problems present nowadays. The intermittency of distributed renewable generation poses significant challenges for the operation and integration of microgrids. Unlike the main power grid, where load balancing resources, in general, are abundant, the balancing of generation and load in a microgrid must be done by small gas turbines, diesel generators, or energy storage devices with very limited capacity and at much higher costs. Consequently, the proposed methodology seeks a model for minimizing the Energy Cost (EC) and enhancing the power supply for rural areas by designing and analyzing four different hybrid system configurations based on integrating a biomass system with a photovoltaic (PV), wind turbine (WT) and battery system. To ensure the desired power demand with minimum production cost, the research proposed an energy-efficient Hybrid DC/AC microgrid using four renewable energy sources. Lithium-ion batteries were chosen for this study due to their high energy density, long life cycle, and high efficiency. The existence of both AC and DC microgrids has led to a new concept of hybrid AC/DC microgrids which consists of both AC and DC grids tied by an Interlinking Converter (ILC). It comprises a DC grid and AC grid interlinked by a bidirectional DC/AC converter. Such a hybrid AC/DC microgrid has the advantages of both AC and DC with increased efficiency and less cost. To provide higher voltages, the Multi-Input Booster (MIB) DC-DC converters are used as a power converter in between load and source to enforce and increase the PV depending on the voltage output signal. Further extract maximum power from the solar PV system, perturb and observe algorithm-based power point tracking control mechanism is proposed DC link voltage of ILC is regulated usually by DC side control in load sharing among sources in the DC microgrid. In addition, to overcome the load fluctuation problem in a microgrid, the research introduced a Mamdani type 2 PID-fuzzy controller. Performance index parameters of the transient response characteristics are also improved by using the proposed control approach. The time-domain dynamic responses reveal that the proposed type-II fuzzy PID controller can balance the power generation and demand properly and control both system frequency and tie-line power effectively.
THE EFFECT OF DIGITAL PAYMENT, PEER-TO-PEER (P2P) LENDING, AND MARKETPLACE ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMEs DURING A PANDEMIC
Authors: Wahyuningrum Ramadhini , Yuhertiana Indrawati
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine the influence of Digital Payments, Peer To Peer (P2P) Lending, and Marketplace on the development of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) during the Surabaya City pandemic. This type of research approach uses a quantitative approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and data analysis using Partial Least Square (PLS) with a test tool in the form of SmartPLS 3. The data source is primary data obtained from the results of distributing questionnaires, namely MSME actors in Surabaya as many as 86 respondents. The results of this study indicate that (1) Digital payments have no effect on the development of MSMEs during the pandemic (2) Peer-to-Peer Lending has an effect on the development of MSMEs during the pandemic (3) Marketplace affects the development of MSMEs during the pandemic.
PENGARUH GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PERUSAHAAN PERBANKAN YANG TERDAFTAR DI BEI TAHUN 2017-2021
Authors: Andriani Ika Nova , Trisnaningsih Sri
Published: July 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of Good Corporate Governance on the financial performance of banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. Good financial performance is used as a benchmark to provide an overview of the success that has been achieved in the success of the business. The population in this study are banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2017-2021 period. This research is a quantitative research. This study used a purposive sampling technique. The number of samples in this study were 60 samples. The analysis technique in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that institutional ownership and independent commissioners had no effect on financial performance, while managerial ownership and audit committee had an effect on financial performance.
Bioatividade de extratos aquosos de folhas de plantas na biologia de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E.Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Authors: Pavarini Ronaldo , M. A. Lourenço Ana , Neves Gabriel D. , Pavarini Gláucia M. P.
Published: July 2023

The armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is a key pest of corn, as it causes defoliation to plants throughout the year, causing significant economic losses. The most common method for its control is chemical, but the indiscriminate use of pesticides, in addition to causing adverse effects to humans and the environment due to the toxicity of the products, favors the development of resistant individuals, thus causing the insect in question is difficult to control. Plants popularly known as myrtle (Murraya paniculata), guaco (Mikania glomerata), são Caetano melon (Momordica charantia) and lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) have demonstrated pharmacological potential, presenting repellent or toxic effects to insects. Thus, the objective of this work was to analyze in the laboratory the insecticidal activity of M. paniculata, M. glomerata, M.charantia and M. officinalis on the biological parameters of S. frugiperda, through the incorporation of extracts in artificial diets. Based on the results obtained, a significant insecticidal activity of the myrtle leaf extract (Murraya paniculata) was observed on S. frugiperda, as it caused a significant reduction in larval and pupal viability.
Dynamics of incoming and outgoing tourism in Russia in 2014–2022
Authors: Dementiev Vitaliy
Published: July 2023

International tourism has a significant impact on economic, political and cultural ties between states and peoples. This circumstance is relevant for the development of international tourism in many countries, including Russia. The aim of the study is to identify changes in the structure and dynamics of inbound and outbound tourism in Russia during the period from 2014 to 2022. This period is very difficult for the development of the tourism sector, which is caused by geopolitical shifts in the global space, economic and financial sanctions, and the COVID-19 pandemic. The entire study period is divided into three stages: 2014–2019, 2019–2021. and 2021–2022.
Structure of inbound and outbound tourist flow in 2021–2022 has undergone significant changes compared to the periods 2014–2019 and 2019–2021. In 2021, approximately 40% of Russians' foreign trips were to the near abroad. At the same time, the positive dynamics of entry flows to Russia was observed from neighboring states, the CIS countries and a number of states of foreign Asia. Thus, the mutual flow focused mainly on neighboring countries.
Analysis of the Nigerian Agricultural Insurance Corporation’sImpact on Students’ Attitudes Toward Self-Reliance from Conceptual Point of View
Authors: Aliyu Markus Sadiq , Dawa Ubali Suleiman , Muhammad Dahiru Ahmad
Published: July 2023

The study aimed at assessing the impact of Nigerian agricultural insurance corporation among students of vocational and technical education towards self-reliance on agricultural production. The study identified the impact of the scheme among the vocational and technical education students and determined the level of awareness among vocational and technical education students. At this time, the agricultural sector has seen a variety of losses, including persistent flooding and herders-farmers’ clashes, among others. It is therefore necessary to insure farmers (students) to reduce the shock of losing their investment at any stage of production and to become financially independent after school life. However, inadequate execution of agriculture insurance policy has also contributed to the sector's low investor influx, this might be attributable to high loan default rates and significant administrative costs associated with managing small-scale agricultural transactions. It is consequently imperative for the government to intervene in this sectorial investment, especially given the need of diversifying Nigeria's oil-based economy. At this time, it is essential to Make the NAIC mode highly accessible to students in rural regions. Unfortunately, due to their subsistence operation, the majority of these students found it impossible to satisfy the scheme's standards. Furthermore, students must be encouraged to organize themselves into a powerful organization (farmer's cooperative) in order to increase their access to land.
Islamic Banks In Muslim Countries And Indonesia
Authors: Saharuddin Desmadi , Meirison Meirison
Published: July 2023

This article aims to provide an overview of Islamic banking, which has shed light on Muslims in avoiding usury with inflation and oppression. The negative impact of cartels can be reduced. Suppose traditional banks have only one way to work, interest-bearing loans, although in many forms. The problem inherent in Islamic banking activities is whether they can be separated from the influence of conventional banks in various activities carried out, given the interrelationships between Islamic banks and traditional banks. By conducting a literature study, we analyzed banking data contained in documents, books, and journals using a qualitative approach using descriptive analysis methods. We try to provide an interpretation of the work of Islamic banks operating in various Islamic worlds and Indonesia. We found Islamic banks to be less compliant with the fatwas and instructions given by the existing Islamic boards. We find that Islamic banks have difficulty complying with shari'ah rules because they are constrained by the conventional banking financial system full of usurious Mu'amalah. Constrained by capital from the central bank, high operating costs, investment problems in the real sector, risk of loss and others. The focus of this research is the causes of the condition of Islamic banks in the Islamic world, which are trapped in a Ribawi labyrinth
Strategi Bauran Pemasaran 4P Produk Gadai Emas pada Pegadaian Syariah
Authors: Nuris Tishwanah  , Rasyid Abi Sandi  , Nurul Auliyah Bakri
Published: July 2023

This study aims to determine the most appropriate marketing mix strategy to be used and applied in Sharia pawnshops to increase the sales volume of gold pawn products. This research uses a qualitative research method with a SWOT analysis approach because it is based on an assumption that states that an effective strategy can maximize the opportunities and strengths that exist in product suau, one of which is gold pawn products in Sharia pawnshops. Then further analysis is carried out using EFAS and IFAS techniques and the results will be outlined in a cartesius diagram. The results of the SWOT analysis state that gold pawn products at Sharia pawnshops are in quadrant I expansion, which means that sharia pawnshops are in prime condition which allows them to expand, achieve maximum progress, and increase growth. This research focused on gold pawn products in Sharia pawnshops that are in great demand by the public.
Pandemic Impact on Islamic Financial Literacy: A Study in Bojonegoro Regency
Authors: Natalina Sri Anugrah , Zunaidi Arif
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study is to determine the influence of decisions on becoming a customer. The research design this time is quantitative research. The data will be processed with a simple regression analysis. The analysis uses simple chart analysis to determine the amount of independence (Islamic financial literacy) due to instability (the decision to become a customer of an Islamic bank). The decision to become a customer is influenced by financial literacy, the financial literacy coefficient value of 0.336 states that if there is an increase in the unit's financial literacy, the decision to become a customer increases by 0.336 (33.6%), assuming other variables are considered constant. And also the Islamic financial literacy variable has a positive influence on decision-making to become a customer in Islamic banks. The result of the coefficient of determination (R²) is 0.15 or 15%, so it can be concluded that the influence of the Islamic financial literacy variable (X) in making decisions to become customers in Islamic banks (Y) has a percentage of 15%, while the remaining 85% influenced by other variables outside this study. The difference in this study is the selection of sample characteristics and research areas.
The Effect of Third Party Funds and Murabahah Margin Income through Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as Intervening Variables on Bank North Sumatra Syariah's Profit in 2019-2022
Authors: Hasibuan Raisa Muthia Syahrani , Anggraini Tuti , Tambunan Khairina
Published: July 2023

One of the indicators of the viability of a bank is its profit. Profitability is an important indicator for the long-term survival of the operation of Islamic institutions. The formulation of this research problem is whether DPK and murabahah margin have a partial and simultaneous effect on CSR. Is there a simultaneous and partial influence of deposits, murabahah margins, and CSR on Bank Sumut Syariah's profits? Can CSR mitigate the impact of deposits and murabahah margins on Bank Sumut Syariah's profits? The research method used is the quantitative research method with a purposive sampling technique. Secondary data in the form of quarterly financial statements of Bank Sumut Syariah is used for the 2019-2022 period. Classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, t-tests, F tests, coefficients of determination, and path analysis are used for data analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) Deposit margin and murabahah affect CSR, as shown by the findings of this study (2) Deposit and murabahah margin affect Bank Sumut Syariah's profit (3) CSR does not have an impact on Bank Sumut Syariah's income. The effect of deposits and murabahah margins on Bank Sumut Syariah's profit cannot be mediated by CSR as an intervening variable. Islamic banking is expected to increase profit generation so as to maintain bank operational stability by increasing fund collection and optimizing incoming revenue, based on research results.
The Effect of Islamic Work Ethics, Work Strees, and Work Life Balance on Employee Performance with Work Loyalty as an Intervening Variable at Bank Sumut Syariah KCP Katamso Medan
Authors: Angkat Rafika Afifah , Indra Ahmad Perdana , Tambunan Khairina
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between Islamic work ethics, workplace stress, and work-life balance, as well as the mediating role of employee loyalty, and employee performance at Bank Sumut Syariah Kcp Katamso Medan. The methodology used here is a quantitative form of survey research. For the study, researchers used a saturated sample size of 56 participants. The methodology for testing this research model uses path analysis. Employee performance was found to be positively influenced by work-life balance, positively influenced by job satisfaction, positively influenced by work stress, positively influenced by Islamic work ethics, positively influenced by work stress, positively influenced by job satisfaction, positively influenced by work-life balance, and positively influenced by Islamic work ethics. Job satisfaction does not moderate the relationship between work-life balance and productivity, nor does it moderate the impact of stress on productivity, but moderates the impact of Islamic work ethics on productivity. Employee output; Islamic work ethics significantly increase worker happiness.
Analisis Penyebab Kerusakan Hub Screw Press dan Optimasi Teknik Pemeliharaan Terhadap Mesin Pabrik Pengolahan Kelapa Sawit
Authors: Anwar Irwan , Afdal Afdal , Denur Denur , Dermawan Dedi
Published: July 2023

Hub dari  mesin screw press  terpasang pada poros melalui  alur pasak diikat dengan elemen  pasak (key) dan berfungsi untuk meneruskan daya dan putaran dari speed reduser ke worm screw,kondisi ini  pada sa’at tertentu mengalami kelonggaran ketika  dioperasikan, karena  pengaruh  friksi pada bidang pasak dengan alur pasak dari poros sehingga  alur pasak dari hub yang juga ada beban dinamis puntir, rotating bending serta beban lentur memberi efek samping friksi atau gesekan pada pasak dengan alur pasak hub dari poros screw press, sehingga terjadi konsentrasi tegangan pada daerah alur pasak dan material yang mengalami  fatigue atau kelelahan secara kontiniu, serta timbul retak awal pada material hub screw press, khususnya pada permukaan fillet,  kemudian terus menjalar ke dalam dan akhirnya patah (fracture). Insiden kerusakan ini terjadi pada suatu pabrik pengolahan kelapa sawit secara rutin sebelum 4 (empat) bulan pakai. Oleh sebab itu perlu dilakukan penelitian, analisis, mencari dan mengetahui penyebab failure/kerusakan (Root Caused Failure Analysis). Penelitian ini diawali dengan pemeriksaan visual, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji laboratorium yang  meliputi uji metalografi, uji fraktografi, uji kekerasan, uji komposisi kimia dan menentukan tindakan preventiv untuk meminimalisir kerusakan hub screw press. Inisiatif selanjutnya melakukan  optimisasi teknik pemeliharaan terhadap mesin pabrik PKS.dengan memprioritaskan  prosedur pengoperasian mesin  screw press, yang sesuai standar operating prosedur (SOP buku manual) mesin pabrik produk asal, disamping itu melakukan kontrol kualitas terhadap fabrikasi material hub, seperti uji komposisi kimia, uji kekerasan, microscopic, makroscopic, uji metallographi, dan membandingkan specimen uji dengan material produk standar pabrik, diikuti dengan supervisi terhadap optimasi  teknik pemeliharaan yang ditetapkan.
Penguatan Kapasitas SDM Melalui Motivasi dan Edukasi Pendidikan Tinggi Bagi Siswa SMK NU Bandar Kabupaten Batang
Authors: Setiawan Hendy , Yendra Yendra , Choirunnisa Choirunnisa
Published: July 2023

Lemahnya kualitas sumber daya manusia di Kabupaten Batang masih menjadi focus yang harus segera diselesaikan. Tercatat di tahun 2022 saja IPM di Batang belum mampu mencapai skor 70. Rendahnya IPM di Kabupaten Batang ini secara signifikan dipicu oleh tingkat pendidikan masyarakatnya yang juga relative rendah. Pendidikan tinggi masih dianggap oleh masyarakat bukan sebagai prioritas, namun sebagai kebutuhan opsional. Padahal tahun 2020 Preside Joko Widodo telah menyatakan bahwa Batang akan memiliki proyek industry strategis yang dikenal dengan Kawasan Industri Terpadu Batang (KITB). Kehadiran KITB ini tentu tidak hanya dibanjiri oleh korprasi nasional saja, namun juga korporasi internasional. Oleh karena itu adanya KITB ini juga harus sejalan dengan peningkatan kualitas SDM di Batang sendiri agar masyarakat produkstif usia kerja mampu menempati pos-pos strategis dan tidak menjadi pennton semata. Oleh karena itu motivasi dan penguatan SDM perlu dilakukan salah satunya dengan mendorong masyarakat terpelajar untuk melanjutkan studi ke jenjang pendidikan tinggi. Metode penelitian ini yang digunakan ialah FGD dan sosialisasi yang dilakukan di SMK NU Bandar. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa para siswa SMK ini sebetulnya memiliki minat untuk mengenyam pendidikan tinggi. Hanya saja mereka belum memiliki system yang suppot dan mengarahkannya sehingga mereka bimbang setelah luls jalan pilihan satu satunya ialah bekerja. Pengabdian ini menjadi sangat dibutuhkan agar timbul kesadaran untuk mengenyam pendidikan tinggi bagi mereka dalam menghadapi KITB.
Pemberdayaan Perempuan Melalui Diversifikasi Produk Berbahan Baku Udang Untuk Meningkatkan Ekonomi Keluarga
Authors: Megasari Ria , Bulotio Nur Fitriyanti
Published: July 2023

Tujuan dari kegiatan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) ini adalah untuk memberikan pelatihan dan pendampingan pengolahan bahan pangan khususnya udang sebagai bahan utama pembuatan bakso. Pedekatan pelatihan ini menggunakan beberapa metode yaiu; (1) persipan; (2) ceramah dan diskusi dan (3) demonstrasi pengolahan udang menjadi bakso. Setelah pelatihan diadakan dengan metode ceramah, diskusi dan praktik terdapat perubahan secara signifikan pada peserta. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan adanya peningkatan pengetahuan dan pemahaman masyarakat tentang diversifikasi olahan pangan dari udang dan semua kelompok peserta pelatihan berhasil menyelesaikan pembuatan bakso dengan rasa yang cukup gurih. Selain itu, testimoni beberapa peserta menyatakan dengan adanya pelatihan ini memberikan pencerahan kepada mereka, bahwa pengolahan bakso bisa di variasikan tidak hanya menggunakan daging sapi, ayam atau ikan saja tetapi juga bisa menggunakan udang.
Akut Kalp Yetmezliğinde Eşlik Eden Akciğer Enfeksiyonu Dilemması
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Serdar , ÖZKAN Abuzer
Published: July 2023

Derginizin 2022 yılı ikinci sayısında yayınlanan Akça ve arkadaşları tarafından hazırlanan “Pandeminin Dilemması: İlaç Yan Etkisi mi? Ya COVID-19'sa?” isimli yazıyı büyük bir ilgi ile okuduk. Yazarlara ve editöriyel kurula klinik sorunu tartışan bu ilgi çekici yazıdan dolayı teşekkür ederiz (1). Biz de bu yazımızda pnömoni ve özellikle SARS-CoV-2 pnömonisi ile ayırt etmede klinisyenleri zorlayan bir diğer antite olan akut kalp yetmezliğine değinmek isteriz.
Mind the Gap. I. Hα Activity of M Dwarfs Near the Partially/Fully Convective Boundary and a New Hα Emission Deficiency Zone on the Main Sequence
Authors: Jao 饒 Wei-Chun 惟君 , Henry Todd J. , White Russel J. , Nisak Azmain H. , Hubbard-James Hodari-Sadiki , Paredes Leonardo A. , Lewis Vanders B.
Published: July 2023

Since identifying the gap in the H-R Diagram (HRD) marking the transition between partially and fully-convective interiors, a unique type of slowly pulsating M dwarf has been proposed. These unstable M dwarfs provide new laboratories in which to understand how changing interior structures can produce potentially observable activity at the surface. In this work, we report the results of the largest high-resolution spectroscopic Hα emission survey to date spanning this transition region, including 480 M dwarfs observed using the CHIRON spectrograph at CTIO/SMARTS 1.5 m. We find that M dwarfs with Hα in emission are almost entirely found 0–0.5 mag above the top edge of the gap in the HRD, whereas effectively no stars in and below the gap show emission. Thus, the top edge of the gap marks a relatively sharp activity transition, and there is no anomalous Hα activity for stars in the gap. We also identify a new region at 10.3 < M

G
< 10.8 on the main sequence where fewer M dwarfs exhibit Hα emission compared to M dwarfs above and below this magnitude range. Careful evaluation of the results in the literature indicates that (1) rotation and Hα activity distributions on the main-sequence are closely related, and (2) fewer stars in this absolute magnitude range rotate in less than ∼13 days than populations surrounding this region. This result suggests that the most massive fully-convective stars lose their angular momentum faster than both partially convective stars and less massive fully-convective stars.
The Fraction and Kinematics of Broad Absorption Line Quasars across Cosmic Time
Authors: Bischetti Manuela , Fiore Fabrizio , Feruglio Chiara , D’Odorico Valentina , Arav Nahum , Costa Tiago , Zubovas Kastytis , Becker George , Bosman Sarah E. I. , Cupani Guido , Davies Rebecca , Eilers Anna-Christina , Farina Emanuele Paolo , Ferrara Andrea , Gaspari Massimo , Mazzucchelli Chiara , Onoue Masafusa , Piconcelli Enrico , Zanchettin Maria Vittoria , Zhu Yongda
Published: July 2023

Luminous quasars are powerful targets to investigate the role of feedback from supermassive black holes (BHs) in regulating the growth phases of BHs themselves and of their host galaxies, up to the highest redshifts. Here we investigate the cosmic evolution of the occurrence and kinematics of BH-driven outflows, as traced by broad absorption line (BAL) features, due to the C iv ionic transition. We exploit a sample of 1935 quasars at z = 2.1–6.6 with bolometric luminosity log(L
bol/erg s−1) ≳ 46.5, drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and from the X-Shooter legacy survey of Quasars at the Reionization Epoch (XQR-30). We consider rest-frame optical bright quasars to minimize observational biases due to quasar selection criteria. We apply a homogeneous BAL-identification analysis, based on employing composite template spectra to estimate the quasar intrinsic emission. We find a BAL quasar fraction close to 20% at z ∼ 2–4, while it increases to almost 50% at z ∼ 6. The velocity and width of the BAL features also increase at z ≳ 4.5. We exclude the possibility that the redshift evolution of the BAL properties is due to differences in terms of quasar luminosity and accretion rate. These results suggest significant BH feedback occurring in the 1 Gyr old universe, likely affecting the growth of BHs and, possibly, of their host galaxies, as supported by models of early BH and galaxy evolution.
Characterizing 3D Magnetic Structures in Sunspot Light Bridges
Authors: Jing Ju , Liu Nian , Lee Jeongwoo , Xu Yan , Cao Wenda , Wang Haimin
Published: July 2023

Light bridges (LBs) are narrow structures dividing sunspot umbra, and their role in active region evolution is yet to be explored. We investigated the magnetic structure of the two LBs: a narrow LB (with width ∼810 km) and a considerably wider LB (2475 km) in the active region NOAA 12371. We employed: (1) the high-spatial-resolution spectropolarimetric data obtained by the Near InfraRed Imaging Spectropolarimeter (NIRIS) of the 1.6 m Goode Solar Telescope (GST) for studying the magnetic structure at the photosphere, and (2) the nonlinear force-free field (NLFFF) models, extrapolated from both the photospheric magnetogram from GST/NIRIS and from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory, for studying the three-dimensional (3D) magnetic structure on a larger scale. Our observations reveal the presence of a field-free (or, more precisely, weak-field) region and the different velocity structures inside the two LBs. Analysis of the 3D NLFFF model shows a low-lying magnetic canopy as well as the enhanced current system above the LBs. The substantial difference between the LBs and the umbrae is found in the overall magnetic topology in that the field lines emanating from the two LBs are more twisted than that from the neighboring umbrae.
On Detecting Interstellar Scintillation in Narrowband Radio SETI
Authors: Brzycki Bryan , Siemion Andrew P. V. , de Pater Imke , Cordes James M. , Gajjar Vishal , Lacki Brian , Sheikh Sofia
Published: July 2023

To date, the search for radio technosignatures has focused on sky location as a primary discriminant between technosignature candidates and anthropogenic radio frequency interference (RFI). In this work, we investigate the possibility of searching for technosignatures by identifying the presence and nature of intensity scintillations arising from the turbulent, ionized plasma of the interstellar medium. Past works have detailed how interstellar scattering can both enhance and diminish the detectability of narrowband radio signals. We use the NE2001 Galactic free electron density model to estimate scintillation timescales to which narrowband signal searches would be sensitive, and discuss ways in which we might practically detect strong intensity scintillations in detected signals. We further analyze the RFI environment of the Robert C. Byrd Green Bank Telescope with the proposed methodology and comment on the feasibility of using scintillation as a filter for technosignature candidates.
Core-envelope Decoupling Drives Radial Shear Dynamos in Cool Stars
Authors: Cao Lyra , Pinsonneault Marc H. , van Saders Jennifer L.
Published: July 2023

Differential rotation is thought to be responsible for the dynamo process in stars like our Sun, driving magnetic activity and starspots. We report that starspot measurements in the Praesepe open cluster are strongly enhanced only for stars that depart from standard models of rotational evolution. A decoupling of the spin-down history between the core and envelope explains both the activity and rotation anomalies: surface rotational evolution is stalled by interior angular momentum redistribution, and the resultant radial shears enhance starspot activity. These anomalies provide evidence for an evolving front of shear-enhanced activity affecting the magnetic and rotational evolution of cool stars and the high-energy environments of their planetary companions for hundreds of millions to billions of years on the main sequence.
Global Mittag-Leffler stability of Caputo fractional-order fuzzy inertial neural networks with delay
Authors: Wang Jingfeng , Bai Chuanzhi
Published: July 2023

This paper deals with the global Mittag-Leffler stability (GMLS) of Caputo fractional-order fuzzy inertial neural networks with time delay (CFOFINND). Based on Lyapunov stability theory and global fractional Halanay inequalities, the existence of unique equilibrium point and GMLS of CFOFINND have been established. A numerical example is given to illustrate the effectiveness of our results.
Sums of the higher divisor function of diagonal homogeneous forms in short intervals
Authors: Wang Huimin , Hu Liqun
Published: July 2023

Let $ d_k(n) $ denote the k-th divisor function. In this paper, we give the asymptotic formula of the sum

   \begin{document}$ \sum\limits_{\substack{x-y\le n_i^r \le x+y \\ i = 1,2,\ldots,l} }{d_k(n_1^r+n_2^r+\ldots+n_l^r)}, $\end{document}

where $ n_1, n_2, \ldots, n_l \in \mathbb{Z}^+ $, $ k\ge2 $, $ r\ge 3 $ and $ l > 2^{r-1} $ are integers.
An application of ordinal regression to extract social dysfunction levels through behavioral problems
Authors: Sabharwal Alka , Goyal Babita , Joshi Lalit Mohan
Published: July 2023

Psychological problems are complex in nature and accurate identification of these problems is important. For the identification of psychological problems, one of the preliminary tools is the use of interviews/questionnaires. Questionnaires are preferred over interviews if the group under study is large. A strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ) is one of the most widely used and powerful questionnaires to identify behavioral problems and distresses being faced by the respondents, affecting their day-to-day lives (responsible for social dysfunction). This study was held on college/university students in India, with the objective of examining if the extent of social dysfunction as measured by an impact score can be extracted from behavioral problems which are the components of the difficulty score of SDQ. Two surveys were conducted during the COVID-19 pandemic period, between the months of May–June 2020 and October 2020–February 2021 for the study. Only those responses were considered who felt distressed (“yes” to item 26 of SDQ). The numbers of such responses were 772/1020 and 584/743, respectively, in the two surveys. Distress levels were treated as ordered variables and three categories of distress level, viz., “Normal”, “Borderline”, and “Abnormal” were estimated through behavioral problems using ordinal regression (OR) methods with a negative log-log link function. The fitting of OR models was tested and accepted using Cox and Snell, Nagelkerke, and McFadden test. Hyperactivity-inattention and emotional symptoms were significant contributors to estimating levels of distress among respondents in survey 1 (p < 0.05). In addition to these components, in survey 2, peer problems were also significant. OR models were good at estimating the extreme categories; however, the “Borderline” category was not estimated well. One of the reasons was the use of qualitative and complex data with the least wide “Borderline” category, both for the “Difficulty” and the “Impact” scores.
Expertise, gender, and equilibrium play
Authors: Gauriot Romain , Page Lionel , Wooders John
Published: July 2023

Mixed‐strategy Nash equilibrium is the cornerstone of our understanding of strategic situations that require decision makers to be unpredictable. Using data from nearly half a million serves over 3000 tennis matches, and data on player rankings from the ATP and WTA, we examine whether the behavior of professional tennis players is consistent with equilibrium. We find that win rates conform remarkably closely to the theory for men, but conform somewhat less neatly for women. We show that the behavior in the field of more highly ranked (i.e., better) players conforms more closely to theory. We show that the statistical tests used in the prior related literature are not valid for large samples like ours; we develop a novel statistical test that is valid and show, via Monte Carlo simulations, that it is more powerful against the alternative that receivers follows a nonequilibrium mixture.
Anticipated productivity and the labor market
Authors: Chahrour Ryan , Chugh Sanjay K. , Potter Tristan
Published: July 2023

We identify the main shock driving fluctuations in long‐horizon productivity expectations, consistent with theories of TFP news. The identified shock induces strong comovement patterns in output, consumption, investment, employment, and stock prices even though TFP does not change significantly for more than 2 years. A labor search model in which wages are determined by a cash‐flow sharing rule, rather than the present value of match surplus, matches the observed responses to the news shock. The model also matches the empirical patterns of vacancies, labor force participation, hours, and job‐finding rates. The proposed wage rule is consistent with empirical responses of wages to both anticipated and unanticipated productivity changes.
Nature, Consciousness, and Metaphysics in Merleau-Ponty’s Early Thought
Authors: Apostolopoulos Dimitris
Published: July 2023

La structure du comportement details consciousness-nature relations by navigating between realist and intellectualist alternatives. A phenomenological reading of form guides its attempt to formulate a view that does not reduce consciousness to matter or perceptual structure to a product of mind. I show that this strategy relies on hitherto overlooked idealist commitments. Forms are perceived objects whose intentional structure is intelligibly organized. Having denied that forms are constituted by mind or emergent from matter, Merleau-Ponty likens form-constitution to an ideal process of intentional self-organization. Despite recognizing that Gestalt psychology develops fruitful models of perceptual self-organization, and adopting the transcendental view that form is significant for consciousness, his revisionary interpretation of form outstrips these accounts’ ontologies of mind and nature, and is better understood in light of a post-Kantian philosophical heritage. These results cast Merleau-Ponty’s relation to the Gestalt, post-Kantian, and phenomenological traditions in new light, challenge naturalizing interpretations of Structure, and motivate a rethinking of the status of metaphysics in his early thought.
Signal Manipulation and the Causal Analysis of Racial Discrimination
Authors: Weinberger Naftali
Published: July 2023

Discussions of the causal status of race focus on the question of whether race itself can be experimentally manipulated. Yet many experiments testing for racial discrimination do not manipulate race, but rather a signal by which race influences an outcome. Such signal manipulations are easily formalized, though contexts of discrimination introduce significant philosophical complications. Whether a signal counts as a signal for race is not merely a causal question, but depends on sociological and normative issues regarding discrimination. The notion of signal manipulation enables one to take these issues into account while still using causal counterfactual tests to detect discrimination. The analysis provided here is compatible with social constructivism and helps differentiate between cases in which it is more or less fruitful to model race causally.
In Defense of the Implicit Commitment Thesis
Authors: Brauer Ethan
Published: July 2023

The implicit commitment thesis is the claim that believing in a mathematical theory S carries an implicit commitment to further sentences not deductively entailed by the theory, such as the consistency sentence Con(S). I provide a new argument for this thesis based on the notion of mathematical certainty. I also reply to a recent argument by Walter Dean against the implicit commitment thesis, showing that my formulation of the thesis avoids the difficulties he raises.
On Radical Enactivist Accounts of Arithmetical Cognition
Authors: Pantsar Markus
Published: July 2023

Hutto and Myin have proposed an account of radically enactive (or embodied) cognition (REC) as an explanation of cognitive phenomena, one that does not include mental representations or mental content in basic minds. Recently, Zahidi and Myin have presented an account of arithmetical cognition that is consistent with the REC view. In this paper, I first evaluate the feasibility of that account by focusing on the evolutionarily developed proto-arithmetical abilities and whether empirical data on them support the radical enactivist view. I argue that although more research is needed, it is at least possible to develop the REC position consistently with the state-of-the-art empirical research on the development of arithmetical cognition. After this, I move the focus to the question whether the radical enactivist account can explain the objectivity of arithmetical knowledge. Against the realist view suggested by Hutto, I argue that objectivity is best explained through analyzing the way universal proto-arithmetical abilities determine the development of arithmetical cognition.
Expressed Ableism
Authors: Campbell Stephen M. , Stramondo Joseph A.
Published: July 2023

With increased frequency, reproductive technologies are placing prospective parents in the position of choosing whether to bring a disabled child into the world. The most well-known objection to the act of “selecting against disability” is known as the Expressivist Argument. The argument claims that such acts express a negative or disrespectful message about disabled people and that one has a moral reason to avoid sending such messages. We have two primary aims in this essay. The first is to critically examine the standard Expressivist Argument, which we analyze in terms of the expression of ableist attitudes. We distinguish three interpretations of the argument and argue that each version faces serious objections. Our second aim is to articulate two closely related arguments that also pertain to expressed ableist attitudes. The Expressive Harms Argument maintains that there is a moral reason to avoid actions that give rise to the perception of ableist attitudes in cases where this is likely to have negative consequences for disabled people. The Ableist Motivation Argument speaks against selecting against disability in cases where one would be motivated by ableist attitudes. While these two arguments face various objections, we seek to establish that they are more promising than the most natural interpretations of the Expressivist Argument.
Nothing New Under the Sun
Authors: Peluce V. Alexis
Published: July 2023

All is vanity, we learn early in Ecclesiastes. This is motivated by the mysterious aphorism that there is nothing new under the sun. But what does it mean to say that there is nothing new under the sun? One might interpret this as a statement of the Eternal Return of the past. Alternatively, one could understand it as a statement what we call the Eternal Withering of the past. Eternal Withering is the view that the present draws from the past but not all of the past repeats. We argue that Eternal Withering motivates the claim that all is vanity. We then show how this interpretation can help us explain the positive practical suggestions in Ecclesiastes.
Open Source and Economic Models in an Evolutionary Approach
Authors: Berlinguer Marco
Published: July 2023

Despite being a commons, free and open source software has come to dominate software production. FOSS surprising trajectory passed so far through two distinct stages. It originated within self-organized communities of developers and was later sustained by market adoption and innovative forms of economic competition. Its economic model was initially interpreted as a gift economy. Today it is better understood as based on hybrids that modulate markets and commons. By analyzing the trajectory of FOSS through two approaches with roots in evolutionary economics—the multi-level perspective and the techno-economic paradigms—FOSS takes on the characteristics of a development and innovation system that has grown with the digital paradigm and is destined to occupy an important function in its further development. The evolution of FOSS has not ended. On the contrary, a third phase of FOSS development is looming, which will be characterized by greater government involvement and further innovations in FOSS governance systems and economic models.
Building Open Source Hardware Business Models
Authors: Thomas Laetitia Marie , Evrard-Samuel Karine , Troxler Peter
Published: July 2023

Open source hardware (OSH) initiatives are collectively managed projects enabled by the internet and digital fabrication tools. They allow people to create products in a cheaper, faster, and more efficient manner. To date, there is no strategic and actionable framework using the commons theory for analyzing how these hardware initiatives develop economically effective and sustainable business models. Based on an analysis of the business models of 27 community-based and community-oriented OSH initiatives studied over a 3-year period, this chapter presents such a framework. The five-stages spiral framework offers to guide companies and startups involved in OSH to interact with their surrounding innovation ecosystems progressively, enrich their value propositions and grow in impact.
Open Source and Free Software Licenses for Embedded Systems
Authors: de Souza Pinto Renê
Published: July 2023

Several open source operating systems are being used in commercial embedded applications, such as smartphones, set-top boxes, routers, video game consoles, and many other consumer electronics. One of the best examples is the Linux kernel, which is present in millions of different embedded devices. That said, the Linux kernel is licensed under GNU General Public License version 2 (GPLv2), which enforces any derivative work to be licensed under the same terms as the original license. Embedded device manufacturers must be aware of such clauses and understand how to handle the distribution of their systems, including free software and open source operating systems, such as Linux kernel. This chapter covers relevant aspects of different open source licenses regarding operating systems and some common issues faced by developers of commercial applications. The foundation knowledge is presented to guide readers to choose an open source operating system according to its license for embedded commercial applications.
Trusting Critical Open Source Components
Authors: Schmitt Marcelo , Meirelles Paulo
Published: July 2023

Device drivers are an elementary part of the Linux kernel and comprise roughly 2/3 of the project's lines of code. Even though the fraction of device driver code in a conventional operating system (OS) can vary, some of these components are essential for system functioning. In addition, the Linux kernel is used in a wide range of applications, from cloud service providers to embedded systems and supercomputers. If GNU/Linux systems should be trustworthy to justify running them in those environments, then testing the kernel is fundamental. However, since device drivers are designed to interface with hardware, conventional test approaches may not suit the occasions when devices are unavailable at test time. This raises the question: How are device drivers tested?
Fostering FOSS Communities
Authors: Nyakundi Hillary , De Souza Cesar Henrique
Published: July 2023

In this chapter, the authors explore the importance of creating a welcoming and supportive community for new contributors trying to venture into the field of open-source. They cover the best practices for creating a positive and inclusive environment, such as clear documentation, accessible communication channels, and active mentorship programs. Additionally, they delve into some of the key challenges that new contributors often face and also offer strategies for overcoming these obstacles. By promoting a supportive and welcoming community, open-source projects can encourage more people to participate, thereby increasing their overall impact and diversity in society.