bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biomass generation and biodiesel production from macroalgae grown in the irrigation canal wastewater
Authors: Whangchai Kanda , Souvannasouk Vannasinh , Bhuyar Prakash , Ramaraj Rameshprabu , Unpaprom Yuwalee
Published: May 2021

The wastewater concentration is commonly acceptable for macroalgae growth; this process consumes water and is applicable for bioremediation. This study evaluated biodiesel's potential production from freshwater macroalga, Nitella sp., using batch experiment. Algae were collected from wastewater saturated from irrigation canals. Water quality and algae growth environment characteristics were monitored and analyzed. COD and BOD values were 18.67 ± 4.62 mg/L and 5.40 ± 0.30 mg/L, respectively. The chemical composition contents were high, demonstrating that water quality and sufficient nutrients could support algae growth. Oil extraction was estimated by the room temperature and heat extraction methods. The biodiesel in room temperature treatment was 0.0383 ± 0.014%, and in heat, extraction treatment was 0.0723 ± 0.029%. Results confirmed that the heat extraction treatment gave a high amount of oil and biodiesel yield. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to analyze fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). Results revealed that 9-octadecane was a major portion of the substance. The obtained results confirmed that the wastewater contains many elements that can be utilized for dual-mode, like bioremediation and enhanced macroalgae growth for biodiesel production. Therefore, macroalgae grown in canal wastewater were highly feasible for use in sustainable biodiesel production.
Degenerative Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint in Elderly Patients with Posterior Edentulous Maxilla and Mandibula According to Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Data.
Authors: Khabadze Zurab , Mordanov Oleg , Davreshyan Georgiy , Balashova Mariya , Prokopenko Alexander , Gracheva Anastasiya , Abazyan Milena , Guzieva Aminat , Kisieva Dzerassa , Babirova Roza
Published: May 2021

Aim:

This study aimed at assessing the degenerative changes in the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)in elderly patients with posterior edentulous maxilla and mandibula according to Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) data.

Materials and Methods:

The study included 32 patients (64 temporomandibular joints) aged from 50 to 81 years (mean age 62 ± 7.9 years; 16 males and 16 females). TMJs were visualized on reconstructed parasagittal, paracoronal, and axial sections of the joint. The following changes in bone tissue were evaluated: condyle flattening, erosion, sclerosis, subchondral cysts, osteophytes. Joint space was evaluated as well.

Results and Discussion:

100% of patients had at least one sign of degenerative changes in TMJ at least on one side. In 19 patients, degenerative symptoms were found only on one side. The most common sign was subchondral cysts. It was noted that the number of degenerative symptoms in male patients was statistically more than in the female group. On the right side, the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces had the following values: 2.35 mm, 2.95 mm, and 4.84 mm, respectively. On the left side, the anterior, superior, and posterior joint spaces had the following values: 2.14 mm, 2.3 mm, and 4.1 mm, respectively.

Conclusion:

Both edentulousness and aging affect the bone structure of TMJ in both genders.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Ekstrak Daun Tembakau Sebagai Inhibitor Pada Tulangan Beton Bertulang
Authors:   Universitas Khairun, Barmawi Nurtalia , Sultan Mufti Amir ,   Universitas Khairun, Abbas Muhmmad Yunus Hi ,   Universitas Khairun
Published: May 2021

Reinforced concrete structures that are destroyed due to corrosion attacks need serious handling. One method of preventing corrosion is by using an inhibitor. In this study, the inhibitors used were tobacco leaf extract inhibitors with variations of 0%, 4% and 8%. The method used to analyze the corrosion rate that occurs is the weight loss method. Tests carried out by providing electricity to the test object using a voltage of 5V. The results showed that the influence of the addition of tobacco extract inhibitors at concentrations of 4% and 8% was able to reduce the density of anodic and cathodic currents which resulted in a reduced corrosion rate in steel reinforcement. This proves that tobacco extract can be used as a green corrosion inhibitor because it effectively decreases the corrosion rate.
Pemodelan Keterkaitan Antar Faktor Kendala Penerapan Teknologi Terbatas (Pilot Project) Bidang Jalan Melalui Penyedia Jasa
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung, Iqbal Kiki Mohammad , Soekiman Anton ,   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung
Published: May 2021

Research and development in the roads sector is one of the coaching tasks of roads authority. To disseminate the results of research required the transfer of technology which one of them through implementation of limited technology. Institute of Road Engineering has carried out the technology transfer process through implementation of limited technology using road contractors. In the implementation project there are interrelated constraints factor that obstruct the performance implementation of limited technology so that the resulting output is not optimal. The purpose of this research is to identify and classify the contextual relationship between the constraints factor in the implementation of limited technology of the road construction using contractors. The method used in this research is Interpretive Structural Modeling. The results showed that the contractor's financial ability problem to finance the work and giving the project to the lowest bid was the most influencing key factor (driver power) in the hierarchical relationship.
Evaluasi Penerapan Standar Dan Pedoman Bidang Jalan Dan Jembatan
Authors:   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung, Panggabean Anne Kartika , Anton Soekiman Anton ,   Universitas Katolik Parahyangan Bandung
Published: May 2021

Standardization, as one of the supporting activities for infrastructure development, has an important role in the utilization of resources and all development activities. Until now, 270 SNI documents and 143 road and bridge guidance documents have been published. Standards and guidelines that have been prepared needs to be evaluated for their application. The purpose of this study is to determinate the percentage of use of road dan bridge standards and guidelines, what the factors that influence the use of road and bridge standards and guidelines, and how to take the alternative strategies to improve the implementation standards and guidelines for road and bridge. The methodology used for determinate factors that influence the use of standards dan guidelines for road and bridges is logistic regression analysis, and to find alternative strategy to improve standards and guidelines is use SWOT analysis method. The result of this study is the use of standards and guidelines for road and bridges is still below 50%. There are 4 factors that influence the use of road and bridge standards and guidelines significantly. The result of SWOT analysis is, the implementation of standards dan guidelines for road and bridges is in quadrant I, which is an advantageous position but need some improvements implementations in the future.
Otro discurso pedagógico y didáctico sobre la enseñanza de la geografía en el trabajo escolar cotidiano
Authors: Santiago Rivera José Armando
Published: May 2021

Abstract
This paper focuses on an explanation of a different pedagogical discourse on the teaching of geography in the everyday school context. It is important for people to have knowledge about this field of science because they need to know about the complex issues related to the environmental, geographical and social situation in today’s world. Training processes reveal an emphasis on the traditional foundations of descriptive geography that allow teachers to ensure the transmission of the educational program content. To do this research, an exhaustive literature review was conducted; the problem was clarified and determined in order to analyze the events related to this educational work, such as its impact in explaining the geographical reality. Therefore, there is an urgent need to show a pedagogical renewal in accordance with the realities of the globalized era. That is why a set of pedagogical guidelines are presented in order to encourage changes in the way geography is being taught so as to generate the transformation of educational approaches in school.
Keywords: Pedagogical and didactic discourse, Geographic education, School practice.
Resumo
O objetivo do artigo e? explicar analiticamente outro discurso educacional e dida?tico sobre o ensino da geografia no trabalho cotidiano escolar. Supo?ese que, embora aumenta a importa?ncia deste campo do conhecimento no mundo globalizado e a necessidade de se educar aos cidada?os sobre a complexa situac?a?o ambiental, geogra?fica e social, seus processos educacionais revelam a e?nfase sobre os fundamentos tradicionais da geografia descritiva e a transmissibilidade pedago?gica de conteu?dos programa?ticos. Esta problema?tica determinou a realizac?a?o de uma consulta bibliogra?fica e a formular uma abordagem que analisa os acontecimentos deste trabalho educativo, o seu impacto na explicac?a?o da realidade geogra?fica e enfatiza a urge?ncia de renovac?a?o de acordo com as realidades da era globalizada. A conclusa?o oferece orientac?o?es pedago?gicas e dida?ticas com o objetivo de estimular uma transformac?a?o na pra?tica escolar do ensino geogra?fico.
Palavras-chave: Ensino e ensino discurso, Educac?a?o geogra?fica, Pra?tica escolar.
A EUROPA, AS MIGRAC?O?ES E O COSMOPOLITISMO
Authors: Sacramento Octávio
Published: May 2021

Resumo

O ana?lise aqui delineado discute as posturas das fronteiras europeias em relac?a?o aos desafios colocados pelos fluxos migrato?rios externos. E? dada especial atenc?a?o a? forma como a Europa, atrave?s do Acordo de Schengen, estabelece uma combinac?a?o estrate?gica entre a livre circulac?a?o de certas categorias de pessoas e o bloqueio de muitas outras mobilidades “indesejados”. Ao mesmo tempo, sa?o considerados resumidamente as poli?ticas de identidade subjacentes a seletividade do espac?o Schengen e seu impacto sobre um projecto europeu po?s-nacional e cosmopolita.

Palavras-chave: Europa, Migrac?a?o externa, Fronteiras e limites, Seletividade, Cosmopolitismo.

Resumen

En el ana?lisis esbozado aqui? se analizan las actitudes en las fronteras europeas en relacio?n con los retos que plantea la migracio?n externa. Se presta especial atencio?n a la forma en Europa a trave?s del Acuerdo de Schengen, establece una combinacio?n estrate?gica de la libre circulacio?n de ciertas categori?as de personas y el bloqueo de muchas otras movilidades “no deseadas”. Al mismo tiempo, se consideran brevemente la poli?tica de la identidad subyacente en la selectividad de la zona Schengen y su impacto en un proyecto europeo post-nacional y cosmopolita.

Palabras clave: Europa, La migracio?n externa, Fronteras y li?mites, La selectividad, Cosmopolitismo.

Abstract

The analysis outlined in this paper discusses the attitudes of the European borders in relation to the challenges posed by external migration flows. Special attention is given to the way Europe, through the Schengen Agreement, establishes a strategic combination between the free movement of certain categories of people and the blocking of many other “unwanted” mobilities. At the same time, the paper briefly considers the identity policies underlying the selectivity of the Schengen area and their impact on a post-national and cosmopolitan European project.

Keywords: Europe, External migration, Borders and boundaries, Selectivity, Cosmopolitanism.
INSUFICIENCIA DE PLURALISMO EXTERNO EN ME?XICO
Authors: Alcalá Casillas M.D.I. Miryam Georgina
Published: May 2021

Las libertades de informacio?n son fundamentales para garantizar el derecho personal y social a estar informado y a disfrutar en igualdad de oportunidades del acceso a diversas fuentes de informacio?n. Estas libertades posibilitan al ciudadano para disponer de materia prima para crearse propias opiniones e iniciar el proceso de debate. De estas libertades emana el derecho y la obligacio?n de informar tanto de los profesionales de la informacio?n como de los medios de comunicacio?n; los cuales, en un estado democra?tico deben ser suficientes y estar disponibles y accesibles, puesto que son determinantes en el proceso de formacio?n de la opinio?n pu?blica, por tener la posibilidad de realzar, inhibir, crear o diluir demandas sociales y favorecer o afectar la democracia.

Palabras clave: Libertades informativas, Medios de comunicacio?n, Responsabilidad comunicativa, Opinio?n pu?blica, Autorregulacio?n y Autocontrol informativo.

Abstract

Freedom of information is essential to guarantee the right of people to be informed and to have equal access to various sources of information. Such freedom enables the citizen to have raw materials at hand to create his own opinions and start the debate process. From this freedom emanates the right and duty to inform both of the professionals of information and of the media; which, in a democratic state, should be available and accessible, since they are crucial to the process of formation of public opinion, to have the possibility to enhance, inhibit, create, and dissolve social demands, and to foster or affect democracy.

Keywords: Freedom of information, Media, Communication responsibility, Public opinion, Self-regulation of information.

Resumo

A liberdade de informac?a?o e? essencial para garantir o direito pessoal e social de ser informado e gozar de igualdade de oportunidade de acesso a va?rias fontes de informac?a?o. Estas liberdades possibilitam aos cidada?os a disponibilidade de mate?ria-prima para criar suas pro?prias opinio?es e iniciar o processo do debate. Destas liberdades emana o direito e a obrigac?a?o de informar tanto por parte dos profissionais da informac?a?o como dos meios de comunicac?a?o; que, em um Estado democra?tico, devem ser suficientes e estar disponi?veis e acessi?veis, uma vez que sa?o cruciais no processo de formac?a?o da opinia?o pu?blica, para ter a capacidade de melhorar, inibir, criar ou diluir as demandas sociais e promover ou afetar a democracia.

Palavras-chave: Liberdade de informac?a?o, Mi?dia, Responsabilidade comunicac?a?o, Opinia?o pu?blica, A auto-regulac?a?o e de Auto informac?a?o.
UNA REFLEXIO?N TEO?RICO-PRA?CTICA SOBRE LA EDUCACIO?N HOY
Authors: Fernández Poncela Anna María
Published: May 2021

El texto presenta una reflexio?n general sobre la educacio?n hoy. Revisa algunas tendencias educativas contempora?neas. Analiza algunos testimonios de estudiantes desde la perspectiva de la inteligencia emocional a trave?s de ejercicios cualitativos. Finalmente, la juventud no parece estar tan domesticada como se piensa. No obstante, la educacio?n todavi?a requiere ampliar sus perspectivas complementando razo?n y emocio?n desde un enfoque de equilibrio global.

Palabras clave: Educacio?n, Reflexio?n, Emocio?n, Inteligencia emocional.

Abstract

This text presents a general reflection on today’s education. It examines some contemporary educational trends. From the perspective of emotional intelligence, it analyzes some statements from students through qualitative exercises. Finally, youth does not seem as tamed as one may think. Nonetheless, education still needs to expand its perspectives, complementing reason and emotion, and focusing on a global balance.

Keywords: Education, Reflection, Emotion, Emotional intelligence.

Resumo

O texto apresenta uma reflexa?o geral sobre a educac?a?o hoje. Ele revisa algumas tende?ncias educacionais contempora?neas. Ainda analisa alguns testemunhos de estudantes a partir da perspectiva da intelige?ncia emocional atrave?s de exerci?cios qualitativos. Finalmente, a juventude na?o parece ta?o inofensiva quanto se pensa. No entanto, a educac?a?o ainda precisa ampliar suas perspectivas complementando a raza?o e a emoc?a?o a partir da perspectiva um equili?brio geral.

Palavras-chave: Educac?a?o, Reflexa?o, Emoc?a?o, Intelige?ncia emocional.
TRES FORMAS DE LIBERTAD: HAYEK, BERLI?N Y RAWLS
Authors: De Gomez Perez-Aradros Carlos Gil
Published: May 2021

Arti?culo de reflexio?n. La libertad –su ejercicio y su titularidad– ha sido un tema recurrente en el pensamiento a lo largo de la Historia. No obstante, cada autor que se ha acercado a ella la ha interpretado de un modo distinto; incluso dentro de la misma escuela de pensamiento. Asi? las cosas, este estudio pretende contraponer y enfrentar la diferente visio?n que de la libertad han tenido tres de los intelectuales ma?s influyentes del siglo XX: F. Hayek, Isaiah Berlin y J. Rawls. Esta contraposicio?n doctrinal permitira? concluir que la libertad liberal bascula entre la autoderminacio?n y el reconocimiento. A trave?s de los principales tex- tos originales de los tres autores mencionados y de otros y utilizando una metodologi?a anali?tica-comparativa, se logran perfilar los distintos contornos de la libertad liberal y sus vi?nculos con la autodeterminacio?n y el reconocimiento debido.

Palabras clave: Libertad, E?tica, Coaccio?n, Racionalismo.

Abstract

Freedom – its exercise and its ownership- has been a recurring theme throughout the history of thought. Nonetheless, each author who has approached it has interpreted it in a different way, even within the same school of thought. Thus, this study aims at comparing and contrasting the different visions of freedom of three of the most influential intellectuals of the twentieth century: F. Hayek, Isaiah Berlin, and J. Rawls. This comparison of doctrines will lead to the conclusion that liberal freedom shifts between self-determination and recognition. Through the major texts of the three authors and others, and using an analytical-comparative methodology, the article manages to outline the different shapes of liberal freedom and its links with self-determination and recognition.

Keywords: Freedom, Ethics, Coercion, Rationalism.

Resumo

A Liberdade -seu exerci?cio e posse- tem sido um tema recorrente no pensamento ao longo da histo?ria. Entretanto, cada autor se aproximou a ela com uma interpretac?a?o a sua maneira diferente, inclusive dentro da mesma escola de pensamento. Assim, este estudo tem o objetivo de oporse e confrontar as diferentes viso?es que a liberdade teve a partir de tre?s dos intelectuais mais influentes do se?culo XX: F. Hayek, Isaiah Berlin e J. Rawls. Esta oposic?a?o doutrinal permite concluir que as liberdades liberais oscilam entre a autoderminac?a?o e o reconhecimento. Atrave?s dos principais textos originais destes tre?s autores entre outros, e usando uma metodologia de ana?lise comparativa se consegue um esboc?o dos diferentes contornos da liberdade liberal e de suas ligac?o?es com a autodeterminac?a?o e o devido reconhecimento.

Palavras-chave: Liberdade, E?tica, Coerc?a?o, o Racionalismo.
Authors’ Reply to: Screening Tools: Their Intended Audiences and Purposes. Comment on “Diagnostic Accuracy of Web-Based COVID-19 Symptom Checkers: Comparison Study” (Preprint)
Authors: Munsch Nicolas , Martin Alistair , Gruarin Stefanie , Nateqi Jama , Abdarahmane Isselmou , Weingartner-Ortner Rafael , Knapp Bernhard
Published: May 2021

UNSTRUCTURED

N/A
A Randomized Controlled Trial Investigating the Feasibility of a Low-Intensity Psychological Intervention for Fear of Memory Loss and Quality of Life in Older Adults: Protocol for the Reducing Fear and Avoidance of Memory Loss (REFRAME) Study (Preprint)
Authors: O'Loughlin Patricia , Pavithra Pavithra , Regan John , Bennett Marc , Knight Rachel , Lenaert Bert , Marquez Melissa , Taddeo Michelle , Griffith James , Shapiro Rita , Farina Francesca
Published: May 2021

BACKGROUND

Dementia is the most feared disease associated with aging. Prolonged fears about memory loss and dementia can have harmful consequences even in the absence of cognitive decline. Fear of dementia is associated with poorer health outcomes and psychological well-being and increased memory failures in older adults.

OBJECTIVE

We will conduct a randomized controlled trial to determine the feasibility of a tailored, web-based mindfulness program to reduce fear of memory loss and increase quality of life in older adults experiencing heightened fear.

METHODS

Eighty participants will be recruited and divided into 2 groups (40 in each group). One group will receive psychoeducation plus mindfulness training. A second group will receive psychoeducation, mindfulness training, and additional modules targeting maladaptive behavioral avoidance (ie, social and cognitive withdrawal).

RESULTS

Our recent etiological model posits that maladaptive behavioral avoidance strategies critically underlie psychosocial dysfunction associated with fear of memory loss. Thus, we predict better outcomes in the second group, including reduced fear of memory loss (primary outcome), Alzheimer disease, anxiety, and subjective memory failures, and increased quality of life (secondary outcomes). Outcome measures will be applied at 5 time points (before, baseline, interim, and after the intervention, and at 3-month follow-up). Data will be analyzed using mixed models and correlations.

CONCLUSIONS

Results from this study will contribute to the current literature on dementia-related fear and improve our understanding of how to effectively address and reduce these fears.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04821960; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04821960.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/30514
Study on Countermeasures to Improve College Students’ Willingness of Participation in Body Donation Based on Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Authors: Zhenyu Huang , Xiaoyu Li , Jiajun Lv , Xinfeng Zhang , Hongliang Sun
Published: May 2021

The cause of body donation is of great medical and social importance. How to get rid of the shackles of traditional ideas in order to accelerate the development of body donation has become a hot topic under the premise that the willingness of Chinese to participate in body donation is generally low or even unable to meet the needs of medical development. Having an intense sense of social responsibility and a developmental dialectical thinking, college students can view body donation more rationally. For this reason, college students are the ideal target group for the cause of body donation to break away from the shackles of traditional ideology and accelerate the development of itself. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is an essential theory in behavioral science, which is mainly embodied in the intuitive analysis of human needs and the targeted effect of action incentive. Under the circumstances of comprehensive understanding the needs of college students, this paper would deeply analysis the basis, significance and correspondence of their willingness of participating in body donation and discuss how to improve it around five sorts of needs based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.
Traditional Uses, Phytochemical and Pharmacological Properties of Ficus auriculata: A Review
Authors: Tamta Garima , Mehra Nisha , Tandon S.
Published: May 2021

Ficus auriculata belongs to family Moraceae. It is also known as Elephant earfig tree because of its large leaves. In India  it is commonly known as Timla, Gular , Tirmal, Timal, Timbal, Tremal, Trimmal.. The plants are mainly distributed in temperate, tropical and subtropical regions of about 1800–2600 m altitude. It is native to Asia, especially in India, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Pakistan, Myanmar, Thailand, Vietnam, Malaysia.The plants have great ethnomedicinal importance and are used in traditional folk medicine for curing many ailments in humans. The plants rich in Phytoconstituent  e.g.  alkaloids, carbohydrates, saponins, glycosides, phytosterols, resins, phenols, tannins, diterpenes, flavonoids, proteins, and amino acids which are present in barks, leaves and fruit extract. The review reveals that huge numbers of phytochemicals which was  isolated from the plant possesses the biological and pharmacological properties are shown by the  bark, leaves and fruits extract of Ficus auriculata i.e antioxidant, antibacterial, hepatoprotective, histopathological studies, toxicity activity,  anticancerous, antidiabatic, hyperlipidemic, hyperglycemic and anti-inflammatory. Leaf extract has also an important role in Glutathione  level in cardiac and also used as fodder for farming system,  for medicinal properties and for further commercial purpose.

Keywords: Ficus auriculata, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity, Herbal Medicine
DIAGNOSTICS WITH A MULTI-CHANNEL MEASURING SYSTEM WITH A FLEXIBLE STRUCTURE OF BOSCH INJECTORS
Authors:   Belarusian State Agrarian Technical University, Zheshko Aleksandr , Tarasenko Viktor , Rolich Oleg , Dunayev Anatoliy ,   Federal Scientifi c Agroengineering Center VIM
Published: May 2021

At the CR-Jet 4E stand, the vibroacoustic signals of BOSCH injectors were studied using a multichannel system with a flexible structure in the BGATU Educational Institution. They were processed in the Mathcad system with spectral analysis and wavelet transformations in MATLAB programs. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in analyzing the vibration characteristics of BOSCH injectors, identifying possible malfunctions and predict their service life. (Materials and methods) The article presents testing results of a new and working nozzle at an injection pressure of 158, 200 and 1000 bar. In five tests it were used the MPU6050 vibration sensors, the INMP621 microphone, and the temperature sensor. The vibration signals were displayed along the xyz axes according to the amplitude-frequency response with the Fourier transform. (Results and discussion) The article presents graphs of wavelet transformations and amplitude-frequency characteristics from five binary files of accelerometer signals and sound files of injectors. The article presents the accelerometer signals on the y-axis at the top of the graphs, the spectrum of their constancy in the middle, and the scalogram at the bottom. For worn-out injectors, the spectrum of constancy is less expressed, the main signal peaks are in the frequencies of 150 and 300 hertz, they are less than in the new nozzle, and the amplitudes are higher up to 800 units. For the new nozzle, the uniform peaks are less than 200 units. The acoustic amplitude of the worn-out nozzle is 150 units, and the new one at frequencies up to 250 hertz is up to 120 units. (Conclusion) Studies of BOSCH injectors with signal processing in the Mathcad system, followed by spectral analysis and wavelet transformations using the MATLAB software package, have shown that the worn-out injectors are characterized by a less expressed spectrum of oscillation constancy. The research goals have not been achieved, but they deepen the traditional diagnosis.
PERATIONAL MONITORING OF TEMPERATURE CONDITIONS OF RESOURCE-SIGNIFICANT AGGREGATES ON AUTOMOTIVE EQUIPMENT
Authors:   Bashkir State Agrarian University, Gabitov Ildar , Negovora Andrey , Razyapov Makhmut
Published: May 2021

When operating automotive equipment at low or high ambient temperatures, various devices are required to maintain the thermal regime of the units in the permissible range, which significantly affect the internal energy consumption and the service life of the machine. Currently, such a complex thermal preparation is implemented only for the engine by heating or cooling the coolant. For other systems and units, continuous monitoring of their temperature is not provided, and there are no rules or clear requirements for the implementation of such heat preparation. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in expanding the functionality of remote diagnostics by operational monitoring and control of the temperature conditions of individual machine units. (Materials and methods) Authors used research methods based on the application of standard techniques, the object of research was the system of integrated thermal automotive equipment. In addition to heating the engine before starting, other systems and units need to optimize the thermal regime, most of which can be combined into a comprehensive heat treatment system. (Results and discussion) As a result of experimental studies of the integrated heat treatment system mounted on a KAMAZ vehicle, the dynamics of temperature changes in various units during their heat treatment were and presented. Monitoring and controlling the temperature regime of automotive equipment units will reduce internal power losses and increase the service life of units exposed to temperature. (Conclusions) The introduction of a comprehensive heat treatment system, intelligently and functionally linked to a remote monitoring system, will significantly increase the service life of the units most exposed to temperature influences.
The Task of Optimizing the Technical Parameters of Sowing Units
Authors:   The Azov-Black Sea engineering Institute – branch of FGBOU VO «The Don state agrarian University», Lavrukhin Pavel , Medved’ko Sofya ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution «North-Caucasian state zonal the test machine station»
Published: May 2021

The central problem of crop production remains the lag in the growth of the yield of cultivated crops from the growth of the costs of their production. (Research purpose) The research purpose is in developing a method for optimizing the technical and economic parameters of machine and tractor units for innovative technologies (in particular, sowing units). (Materials and methods) During the study authors used information methods, statistical methods of collecting information in the study of test reports of agricultural machinery and reporting the use of new equipment in various agrotechnologies. The article presents a review and analysis of foreign and domestic literature on the subject under consideration. (Results and discussion) The creation of agricultural machinery should be based on the developments of fundamental and applied agricultural sciences, the use of sowing machines is closely related to the development of technologies in which they are used. One of the most important indicators of technology development of crop production is the efficiency of operation of a sowing tractor unit and the level of potential productivity of cultivated plants. The correct choice of parameters and modes of sowing machines for the construction of the most productive plant placement schemes contributes to the efficiency of the operation of the sowing unit. One of the ways to optimize the processes of selecting parameters and modes can be implemented using the Harrington function. (Conclusions) The article shows that the task of optimizing the technical and economic parameters of the sowing units is designed to promote the creation of new machines that meet the technical, technological, agrotechnical, operational and technological, ergonomic requirements, reliability and safety requirements, and others. The solution to the problem of optimizing the technical and economic parameters of sowing aggregates is reduced to a compromise solution of two target functions for yield and cost.
О влиянии фазовых переходов вода–лёд в глинистых грунтовыхоснованиях на теплопотери здания
Authors: Левин Евгений , Окунев Александр
Published: May 2021

В статье рассмотрены особенности теплопереноса в грун­товых основаниях под зданиями, связанные с присутствием в грунте воды. Задачей исследования являлось показать влияние теплоты фазовых переходов, происходящих при замерзании и оттаивании воды, на тепловые потери из здания в грунтовое основание. Исследования выполнены с помощью постановки вычислительных экспериментов, основанных на расчётах нестационарных температурных полей в грунте. Рассматри­вались годовые циклы изменения температуры атмосферного воздуха, определяющие глобальную нестационарность пере­носа теплоты в грунте. Для решения задачи использована физико-математическая модель тепло- и массопереноса, учитывающая перенос грунтовой влаги, фазовые переходы в воде и изменения во времени величин теплотехнических характеристик грунта - коэффициента теплопроводности и удельной теплоёмкости. Для учёта льдообразования получены полуэмпирические зависимости относительной льдистости грунтов от их температуры и влажности. С помощью про­ведения вычислительных экспериментов проанализировано влияние льдообразования в грунте по сравнению с расчётами, в которых льдообразование не учитывается. Установлено, что льдообразование приводит к изменениям температуры в при­поверхностных слоях грунта с толщиной, большей толщины его промерзания. Эти изменения могут составлять до нескольких градусов Цельсия и могут существовать в течение полугода от начала промерзания грунта. Установлено, что льдообразова­ние не приводит к существенным дополнительным тепловым потерям из здания в грунтовое основание. Изменение тепло­вых потерь за отопительный период и за год несущественно. Но при этом имеют место сравнительно небольшие, в пределах нескольких процентов, изменения максимальных и минималь­ных среднесуточных значений тепловых потоков. Данные среднесуточные отклонения возникают при ограниченных дистанциях по грунту между внутренним и наружным воздухом в пределах трёх-четырёх метров.
The method of using differential amendments to convert spatial rectangulars coordinates into those geodesic ones
Authors: Afonin K.F.
Published: May 2021

The article is devoted to considering the technological aspects of the application of differential amendments for the transition from spatial rectangular coordinates to geodesic. It is shown that the coordinate provision of the territories is impossible to imagine at present without the use of GNSS technologies. But they allow to get only spatial rectangular coordinates of defined points. It is noted how the vast majority of users need other coordinates-flat rectangular coordinates in the projection of Gauss–Kruger, which can be calculated only by geodesic latitudes and longitudes. The national and foreign literature describes more than a dozen ways to calculate geodesic coordinates by spatial rectangular coordinates. These methods can be divided into three groups. The first group uses iterative methods and algorithms, the second group uses non-iteter methods. The third group is characterized by the calculation and introduction of amendments to the approximate value of geodesic latitude. It is possible to reduce the number of technological operations that allow to solve the problem without losing the accuracy of calculated geodesic coordinates. There are numerical examples showing the feasibity of the proposed technology at maximum ground points.
Analyzing development factors of cartographic production in Russia
Authors: Orlov M.Yu.
Published: May 2021

The article deals with the assessment of the factors that determine the development of mapping pro- duction in Russia. There is now a need for a scientific methodology assessing these factors, in order to anticipate their emergence,determine the extent of influence and develop a management strategy. It is shown that the changes taking place in the production sphere are connected with the development of digital technologies and the introduction of new methods in arranging mapping production. However, in order to determine the trends in the geodesy and cartography industry, unforeseen external environmental factors which have radically changed the system of labor organization in many industries, such as Covid-19, need to be taken into account. The main factors influencing the map publishing in Russia during various historical periods, starting with the emergence of the first mapping publishing houses in the XVII century up to the present day, are considered. Their classification was carried out. The state regulation in cartography and the change of economics were studied in detail.
Development of an algorithm for the Earth remote sensing data classification using deep machine learning methods for analyzing the geosystem model of the territory
Authors: Yamashkin S.A. , Yamashkin A.A. , Zanozin V.V. , Barmin A.N.
Published: May 2021

The authors propose their solving the task of improving the accuracy of remote sensing data classification under conditions of labeled data scarcity through using a geosystem approach that involves analyzing the genetic uniformity of various-scale territorially adjacent formations and hierarchical levels. The advantage of the proposed GeoSystemNet model is a great number of freedom degrees, which enables flexible configuration of the model based on the task being solved. Testing the GeoSystemNet model for classifying the EuroSAT set, algorithmically expanded from the perspective of the geosystem approach, showed the possibility of increasing the classification accuracy under the conditions of training data scarcity within 9 %, as well as approaching the accuracy of the deep ResNet50 and GoogleNet models. The authors note that the use of the geosystem approach according to the methodology proposed in the article for solving the above-mentioned problem requires an individual project approach to the formation of the data for analysis.
PERAN YAYASAN TENDAVISI INDONESIA DALAM MENGATASI KRISIS AIR MELALUI PROGRAM WAKAF SUMUR DI KAMPUNG SITUSIPATAHUNAN DESA BALEENDAH
Authors: Fauziah Riana Damayanti
Published: May 2021

The background of the research is about phenomenon of situsipatahunan village. People around the situsipatahunan are continuining to suffer from acces poor to water and hygiene. The purpose of research is : (1) To find out the process of well waqf program. (2) To find out the relationship between the well waqf program with the community empowerment process. The type of research is descriptive field research by using qualitative approach. Then the techniques to collect data in research uses interview, observation, and documentation. The research location is in the kampung situsipatahunan rt/rt 03/05 desa Baleendah, kec. Baleendah - kab. Bandung and the subject research are the management of the foundation as a responsible person of well waqf program and the communities who resceive the benefits off well waqf as many as fourty families around the construction of well waqf. Based on the result the activity of well waqf program goes well. The program is carried out by means of sites surveys activities, fundraising and the well waqf execution. The relationship between well waqf and community empowerment is the use off well waqf to increase the economic level of people in Situsipatahunan village.
Mörk Materia / Dark Matter(s)
Authors: TM
Published: May 2021

The practice-based research carried out throughout several projects and assembled in this exposition is structured around a rhizomatic nexus of still ongoing entries into plant-thinking and co-becoming with plants, partly based on photographic, photosynthetic and biosynthetic processes under the project framework Cogito ergo Pisum, partly based on archival findings, found footage, phenomena and related discourse. "Cogito, ergo sum" is a philosophical statement in Latin by René Descartes, usually translated into English as "I think, therefore I am". The phrase originally appeared in French as je pense, donc je suis in his Discourse on the Method, to reach a wider audience. Connecting and collapsing the notion of thinking with plants – or in this case gray peas of the species Pisum sativum var. arvense, transposed into "Cogito ergo Pisum" – is at the heart of this research.

Within the project I am researching, developing and cross-breeding a flora of transdisciplinary experiments, new material studies and processes, that revolve around ways of rethinking, creating for and becoming with other life forms. Photographic, biosynthetic and agricultural methodologies are being used in Cogito ergo Pisum to both analyze and synthesize new ecologies. On the basis of horizontal (gene) transfer, hybridity and hospitality, a number of agents, patients and symbionts have been subject to material-semiotic and transgenic inquiries: Timo the artist and Timo the grey pea — bioart experiments involving horizontal transfer of my DNA to a grey pea cultivar (Pisum sativum var.arvense). Pisum Sativum used by Gregor Mendel in 1856 when unfolding many of the rules of heredity, now referred to as the laws of Mendelian inheritance, constitute a key plant in "Cogito ergo Pisum". Epidermodysplasia verruciformis, also known as Tree Man Syndrome, an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic hereditary skin disorder, and Foliate heads, also known as Green men, constitute a highly symbolic reading of a hybrid plant-human being.

Several works and results of the processes active in Cogito ergo Pisum have been installed in a number of exhibitions, many of which are ongoing or infinite by nature; presented in open archival or horizontal hybrid structures with documents, negative cyanotype photograms, wall drawings and lab notes on paper, mail correspondence, facsimile of illustrated manuscripts, and cultivations of growing grey pea seeds. Some of them, including literature, phenomena, found footage and historical events have later made it into the polyphonic performance reading "Mörk Materia / Dark Matter(s)", which has been adapted and reconfigured to the contexts it has been performed in. Using photographic and moving images, documents, objects, drawings and plant cultivations I am approaching, renegotiating and speculating about our common nature-culture, to both highlight and transform an increasingly dark matter: body, earth, space.
Between plant fossils and oral histories: tracing vegetal imaginaries from Donbas, Ukraine
Authors: Darya Tsymbalyuk
Published: May 2021

This exposition brings together multiple contexts, narratives and modes of expression to tell multispecies (hi)stories about and from Donbas region, Ukraine, where a military conflict broke out in 2014. By engaging with fossils, paleobotany and testimonies of internally displaced persons, the exposition explores vegetal imaginaries of the region in a series of drawings and questions stories we tell about Donbas and displacement, and ways in which we tell them.
Vaccines against the cold chain
Authors: Doekhie Aswin , Nurulita Nunuk , Setiawan Didik , Sartbaeva Asel
Published: May 2021

Vaccines require continuous refrigeration to retain their efficacy as
most vaccine components are derived from mammalian or microbial origin
which are thermally unstable. Continuous refrigeration, known as the
vaccine cold chain, comes at a cost that directly correlates to the
standard of infrastructure that is available. A break in the cold chain
caused by poor infrastructure can result in direct loss of functionality
in these lifesaving medicines. Therefore, several approaches have been
suggested to mitigate these losses. Not only will these benefit general
healthcare via improved shelf-life but also enhanced resistance to
thermal fluctuations and, in some cases, improved drug target
localisation. In this minireview, we highlight trends in vaccine thermal
stabilisation and look to the future for cold chain logistics.
Teaching computational thinking in primary schools: Worldwide trends and teachers’ attitudes
Authors: Dagienė Valentina , Jevsikova Tatjana , Stupurienė Gabrielė , Juskevicienė Anita
Published: May 2021

Computational thinking (CT) as one of the 21st century skills enters early years education. This paper aims to study the worldwide tendencies of teaching CT through computing in primary education and primary school teachers? understanding of CT. A survey of 52 countries has been performed and complemented by a qualitative study of 15 countries. In order to identify teachers? understanding-level of CT and its integration approach in the class activities, a case study of 110 in-service teachers from 6 countries has been performed. The implications of the research results may be useful for primary school educators, educational initiatives, government authorities, policy makers, e-learning system and content developers dealing with support for teachers aiming to improve their CT professional development qualification.
Mindsets as an Enhancement of 21st Century Accounting Education
Authors: Mintchik Natalia , Ramamoorti Sridhar , Gramling Audrey A.
Published: May 2021

To provide optimal learning and career outcomes for accounting graduates, we propose complementing competency-based frameworks of accounting education with the cultivation of relevant mindsets. Building on insights from research in cognitive psychology, organizational leadership, and education, we define a mindset as a combination of cognitive filters and processes through which professionals interpret their professional environments and execute their professional responsibilities. We review the professional and academic literature and identify five key mindsets relevant for accounting graduates. Given the overarching obligation of accountants to protect the public trust, we treat the “public interest mindset” (focus on “we” versus “I,” integrity, and professionalism) as foundational in the accounting profession. The four other key mindsets include (1) growth, (2) professional skepticism, (3) analytical/digital, and (4) global. We provide definitions of these mindsets, discuss their relevance for accounting, and suggest potential pedagogical approaches for their integration into 21st century accounting education.
A Habit Strength-Based Explanation for Auditors' Use of Simple Cognitive Processes for Complex Tasks
Authors: Bonner Sarah E. , Kadous Kathryn , Majors Tracie M.
Published: May 2021

We experimentally examine whether audit seniors' use of simple cognitive processes for a complex task is affected by the strength of habits that they developed as staff. A habit is a mental association between a behavior and a specific context. We propose that, for seniors with stronger habits to use simple processes, the typical audit room context automatically activates those processes, making it harder to select the processes that are more effective for a complex task. As predicted, we find that seniors with stronger habits identify fewer issues with a complex estimate than seniors with weaker habits when in the typical context. Seniors with stronger habits perform better in an alternative context that does not activate the simple processes, while those with weaker habits do not. Additional analyses validate that habit strength underlies our results and explore how the audit setting influences the development and enactment of habitual behaviors.

JEL Classifications: G10; M40; M41; M42; D80; D91.
Effects of Cotadutide on Metabolic and Hepatic Parameters in Adults with Overweight or Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A 54-Week Randomized Phase 2b Study
Authors: Nahra Rajaa , Wang Tao , Gadde Kishore M. , Oscarsson Jan , Stumvoll Michael , Jermutus Lutz , Hirshberg Boaz , Ambery Philip
Published: May 2021

Objective: Cotadutide, a dual GLP-1 and glucagon receptor agonist,
is under development for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and type 2
diabetes. The effects of cotadutide on hepatic and metabolic parameters were
evaluated in participants with overweight/obesity and type 2 diabetes.

Research Design and Methods: In this phase 2b
study, 834 adults with BMI ≥25kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes inadequately
controlled with metformin (glycated hemoglobin A1c [HbA1c] of 7.0%─10.5% [53─91
mmol/mol]) were randomized to double-blind cotadutide 100µg (n=100), 200µg
(n=256), or 300µg (n=256), placebo (n=110), or open-label liraglutide 1.8mg
(n=110), all administered subcutaneously (NCT03235050). Coprimary endpoints
were changes in HbA1c and body weight at week 14. The originally randomized
interventions were continued to week 54. Liver damage biomarkers and liver fibrosis algorithms were
assessed.

Results: Cotadutide significantly decreased HbA1c and body weight at weeks 14 and
54 versus placebo (all P<0.001). Improvements in lipid profile,
aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase levels, PRO-C3 level, fibrosis-4 index, and nonalcoholic fatty
liver disease fibrosis score were observed with cotadutide 300µg versus
placebo, but not with liraglutide. Weight loss with cotadutide 200µg was
similar to liraglutide 1.8mg, and greater with cotadutide 300µg versus
liraglutide 1.8mg. The most common adverse events with cotadutide
(nausea, 35%; vomiting, 17%) decreased over time.

Conclusions: Cotadutide treatment for 54 weeks improved
glycemic control and weight loss in participants with overweight/obesity and type
2 diabetes. Ad hoc analyses demonstrated improvements in hepatic parameters and
support further evaluation of cotadutide in NASH.