bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliable water quality prediction and parametric analysis using explainable AI models
Authors: Nallakaruppan M. K. , Gangadevi E. , Shri M. Lawanya , Balusamy Balamurugan , Bhattacharya Sweta , Selvarajan Shitharth
Published: March 2024

The consumption of water constitutes the physical health of most of the living species and hence management of its purity and quality is extremely essential as contaminated water has to potential to create adverse health and environmental consequences. This creates the dire necessity to measure, control and monitor the quality of water. The primary contaminant present in water is Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), which is hard to filter out. There are various substances apart from mere solids such as potassium, sodium, chlorides, lead, nitrate, cadmium, arsenic and other pollutants. The proposed work aims to provide the automation of water quality estimation through Artificial Intelligence and uses Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for the explanation of the most significant parameters contributing towards the potability of water and the estimation of the impurities. XAI has the transparency and justifiability as a white-box model since the Machine Learning (ML) model is black-box and unable to describe the reasoning behind the ML classification. The proposed work uses various ML models such as Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Gaussian Naive Bayes, Decision Tree (DT) and Random Forest (RF) to classify whether the water is drinkable. The various representations of XAI such as force plot, test patch, summary plot, dependency plot and decision plot generated in SHAPELY explainer explain the significant features, prediction score, feature importance and justification behind the water quality estimation. The RF classifier is selected for the explanation and yields optimum Accuracy and F1-Score of 0.9999, with Precision and Re-call of 0.9997 and 0.998 respectively. Thus, the work is an exploratory analysis of the estimation and management of water quality with indicators associated with their significance. This work is an emerging research at present with a vision of addressing the water quality for the future as well.
Prevalence of common autosomal recessive mutation carriers in women in the Southern Vietnam following the application of expanded carrier screening
Authors: To-Mai Xuan-Hong , Nguyen Huu-Trung , Nguyen-Thi Thanh-Truc , Nguyen Thuy-Vy , Nguyen-Thi My-Nuong , Thai Ke-Quan , Lai Minh-Thi , Nguyen Tuan-Anh
Published: March 2024

The common autosomal recessive (AR) mutation carrier is still unknown in Vietnam. This study aims to identify the most common AR gene mutation carriers in women of reproductive age to build a Vietnamese-specific carrier screening panel for AR and X-linked disorders in the preconception and prenatal healthcare program. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University Medical Center–Branch 2 in Ho Chi Minh City from December 1st, 2020, to June 30th, 2023. 338 women have consented to take a 5 mL blood test to identify 540 recessive genes. The carrier screening panel was designed based on the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG)-recommended genes and suggestions from 104 clinical experts in Vietnam. Obstetricians and genetic experts counseled all positive testing results to discuss the possibility of recessive diseases in their offspring. The most common recessive disorders were defined at a prevalence of 1 in 60 or greater, and those were added to a Vietnamese-specific carrier screening panel. 338 non-pregnant and pregnant women underwent the expanded carrier screening (ECS). The carrier frequency was 63.6%, in which 215 women carried at least one AR gene mutation. GJB2 hearing impairment was identified as the most common chronic condition (1 in 5). The second most common AR disorder was beta-thalassemia (1 in 16), followed by cystic fibrosis (1 in 23), G6PD deficiency (1 in 28), Wilson’s disease (1 in 31), Usher’s syndrome (1 in 31), and glycogen storage disease (1 in 56). Seven common recessive genes were added in ethnic-based carrier screening. Women in the South of Vietnam have been carried for many recessive conditions at high frequency, such as hearing impairment, genetic anemia, and cystic fibrosis. It is necessary to implement a preconception and prenatal screening program by using seven widely popular AR genes in a Vietnamese-specific carrier screening panel to reduce the burden related to AR and X-linked disorders.
Wolbachia supergroup A in Enoplognatha latimana (Araneae: Theridiidae) in Poland as an example of possible horizontal transfer of bacteria
Authors: Konecka Edyta , Szymkowiak Paweł
Published: March 2024

Wolbachia (phylum Pseudomonadota, class Alfaproteobacteria, order Rickettsiales, family Ehrlichiaceae) is a maternally inherited bacterial symbiont infecting more than half of arthropod species worldwide and constituting an important force in the evolution, biology, and ecology of invertebrate hosts. Our study contributes to the limited knowledge regarding the presence of intracellular symbiotic bacteria in spiders. Specifically, we investigated the occurrence of Wolbachia infection in the spider species Enoplognatha latimana Hippa and Oksala, 1982 (Araneae: Theridiidae) using a sample collected in north-western Poland. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of Wolbachia infection in E. latimana. A phylogeny based on the sequence analysis of multiple genes, including 16S rRNA, coxA, fbpA, ftsZ, gatB, gltA, groEL, hcpA, and wsp revealed that Wolbachia from the spider represented supergroup A and was related to bacterial endosymbionts discovered in other spider hosts, as well as insects of the orders Diptera and Hymenoptera. A sequence unique for Wolbachia supergroup A was detected for the ftsZ gene. The sequences of Wolbachia housekeeping genes have been deposited in publicly available databases and are an important source of molecular data for comparative studies. The etiology of Wolbachia infection in E. latimana is discussed.
Serum uric acid level is associated with glomerular ischemic lesions in patients with primary membranous nephropathy: an analytical, cross-sectional study
Authors: Yu Yamin , Zheng Juan , Li Jie , Li Xiuzhen , Liu Zewei , Yang Ruiheng , Hong Hong , Zhang Junjun
Published: March 2024

To investigate the relationship between serum uric acid level and glomerular ischemic lesions (GIL) in patients with primary membranous nephropathy (PMN) and identify relevant risk factors. A total of 201 patients with PMN but normal renal function confirmed by renal biopsy executed in the Liaocheng People’s Hospital, China, during January 2020-January 2023 were analyzed retrospectively. The enrolled patients were divided into a hyperuricemia group and a normal serum uric acid group (control group) according to their serum uric acid levels. Then, the participants were further divided into a non-GIL group or a GIL group based on the patient’s renal biopsy results. The two groups’ clinical and pathological data and meaningful indicators for differences were analyzed by binary logistic regression analysis. Additionally, the serum uric acid level prediction value on GIL was investigated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves. Compared with the control group, the hyperuricemia group exhibited high serum uric acid, the prevalence of GIL, serum albumin, the prevalence of hypertension, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels (P < 0.05). Compared with the non-GIL group, the GIL group exhibited were older, had enhanced serum uric acid, serum albumin, and an increased prevalence of tubular atrophy/interstitial fibrosis (TA/IF), arteriolosclerosis, and low eGFR levels (P < 0.05). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that the serum uric acid and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL (P < 0.05). The AUC of ROC of GIL of PMN patients, predicted based on the serum uric acid concentration, was 0.736 (P < 0.05), wherein the threshold = 426.5 μmol/L and the Youden’s index = 0.41. Serum uric acid concentration and the TA/IF are independent risk factors of GIL in patients with PMN, and the former exhibits prediction value on GIL in patients with PMN.
The cavitation characteristics of aerospace high-speed centrifugal pumps with different tip clearance
Authors: Chao Wen-xiong , Wang Wang-cheng , Zhang Wei , Bai Gao-yang , Dong Wei
Published: March 2024

This study investigates the Tip Clearance Cavitation (TCC) characteristics of three different Tip Clearances (TC) (0.4, 0.6, 0.8) and five inlet negative pressure conditions Pj = (− 20–60)kPa to improve the reliability of the aerospace high-speed centrifugal pump during in-orbit operation, based on the premise of good agreement between the TC 0.6 test curve and the simulation performance curve. Under negative pressure and high-speed conditions, the variation gradient of cavitation characteristics with various inlet negative pressures is non-linear and has a sudden change, but the trend becomes stable after the inlet negative pressure drops to a certain stage. The tip clearance cavitation characteristics vary from the blade surface cavitation characteristics due to the difference in forces on both sides. This study is a proper starting point for the design of aerospace power pumps.
Dynamic multifractal characteristics of acoustic emission about composite samples with different stress loading and unloading conditions
Authors: Liu Yuben , Meng Xiangxi
Published: March 2024

Studying the failure characteristics of the common composite strata structure in western China is essential for evaluating stope stability and predicting coal mine dynamic disasters. To investigate the influence of different stress loading and unloading conditions on the instability characteristics of composite samples, three triaxial loading and unloading test schemes simulating different in-situ mining depths were designed. Complex triaxial tests were conducted on 12 sets of composite samples, and the bearing capacity, acoustic emission (AE) parameters and dynamic multifractal characteristics of the samples under different stress loading or unloading conditions were analyzed. The results indicate that samples tested by stress schemes simulating greater mining depths exhibit less damage, and the failure mode is a tensile-shear mixed failure, but the tensile failure is the main failure mode. The multifractal spectral parameters $$\Delta \alpha$$

Δ
α

of AE time series during the failure of composite samples tested with triaxial loading and unloading schemes simulating different mining depths show a decreasing trend in $$\Delta \alpha$$

Δ
α

values with increasing mining depth, while the change rules of $$\Delta f\left( \alpha \right)$$

Δ
f

α

values are the opposite. The multifractal parameter changes degree in four-layer rock structure composite samples under different stress conditions are lower than those in three-layer rock structure composite samples, indicating that the microcrack propagation process in the three-layer composite sample is more complex, resulting in higher levels of damage. The dynamic change of multifractal parameters $$\Delta \alpha$$

Δ
α

and $$\Delta f\left( \alpha \right)$$

Δ
f

α

during different stress loading and unloading stages reflects the influence of axial pressure or confining pressure changes on crack propagation in composite samples. Compared to the initial stress stage, the non-uniformity of AE signals increases in the residual stress stage, and the proportion of large signals becomes more prominent, signifying a complex micro-fracture process in the composite samples.
Microstructural and mechanical characterization of Al/Cu interface in a bimetallic composite produced by compound casting
Authors: Ahmadzadeh Salout Shima , Mirbagheri Seyed Mohammad Hossein
Published: March 2024

The bimetal set (Al/Cu) with Cu wire with 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mm diameters were cast at different casting temperatures and solidification times through the compound casting method. The microstructure of solid/liquid diffusion bonding at the Al/Cu interface was investigated, and the shear strength of the Al/Cu interface was measured by punch test. By characterizing the diffusion layer, the optimum parameters of the compound casting, including the casting temperature and the solidification soaking time, as well as the Cu wire diameter, were acquired. The intermetallic compounds (IMCs) such as CuAl2 were observed in the diffusion layer. The types of intermetallic phases and diffusion layer thickness affect the hardness and the shear strength. The result of casting at 680 °C and solidification soaking time of 15 s for 3 mm Cu wire, shows that IMCs increased the micro-hardness of the Al/Cu bimetal up to 328 HV at the Al/Cu interface. Also, increasing the solidification soaking time at a constant temperature resulted in a growth of the interface layer’s thickness, which exhibits a lamellar eutectic microstructure containing IMCs. Furthermore, this action caused an increase in the shear strength.
Effects of isorhamnetin on liver injury in heat stroke-affected rats under dry-heat environments via oxidative stress and inflammatory response
Authors: Yang Xinyue , Wang Hongwei , Shen Caifu , Dong Xiang , Li Jiajia , Liu Jiangwei
Published: March 2024

Isorhamnetin is a natural flavonoid compound, rich in brass, alkaloids, and sterols with a high medicinal value. This study investigated the effects of isorhamnetin on liver injury and oxidative and inflammatory responses in heat-stroke-affected rats in a dry-heat environment. Fifty Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal temperature control (NC, saline), dry-heat control (DHC, saline), low-dose isorhamnetin-pretreated (L-AS, 25 mg/Kg), medium-dose isorhamnetin-pretreated (M-AS, 50 mg/Kg), and high-dose isorhamnetin-pretreated (H-AS, 100 mg/Kg) group. Saline was administered to the NC and DHC groups and corresponding concentrations of isorhamnetin were administered to the remaining three groups for 1 week. Blood and liver tissue were analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammation. The liver histopathological injury score, serum liver enzyme (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and lactate dehydrogenase), liver oxidative stress index (superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and malondialdehyde), and inflammation index (tumor necrosis factor α [TNF-α], interleukin [IL]-1β, IL-6, and lipopolysaccharides) were significantly higher in the DHC group than in the NC group (P < 0.05). These index values in the L-AS, M-AS, and H-AS groups were significantly lower than those in the DHC group (P < 0.05). The index values decreased significantly with an increase in the concentration of isorhamnetin (P < 0.05), while the index values of CAT and SOD showed the opposite tendency (P < 0.05). The expression of liver tissue nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), caspase-3, and heat shock protein (HSP-70) was higher in the DHC group than in the NC group (P < 0.05). Comparison between the isorhamnetin and DHC groups revealed that the expression of NF-кB and caspase-3 was decreased, while that of HSP-70 continued to increase (P < 0.05). The difference was significant for HSP-70 among all the isorhamnetin groups (P < 0.05); however, the NF-кB and caspase-3 values in the L-AS and H-AS groups did not differ. In summary, isorhamnetin has protective effects against liver injury in heat-stroke-affected rats. This protective effect may be related to its activities concerning antioxidative stress, anti-inflammatory response, inhibition of NF-кB and caspase-3 expression, and enhancement of HSP-70 expression.
Motor learning- and consolidation-related resting state fast and slow brain dynamics across wake and sleep
Authors: Roshchupkina Liliia , Wens Vincent , Coquelet Nicolas , Urbain Charline , de Tiege Xavier , Peigneux Philippe
Published: March 2024

Motor skills dynamically evolve during practice and after training. Using magnetoencephalography, we investigated the neural dynamics underpinning motor learning and its consolidation in relation to sleep during resting-state periods after the end of learning (boost window, within 30 min) and at delayed time scales (silent 4 h and next day 24 h windows) with intermediate daytime sleep or wakefulness. Resting-state neural dynamics were investigated at fast (sub-second) and slower (supra-second) timescales using Hidden Markov modelling (HMM) and functional connectivity (FC), respectively, and their relationship to motor performance. HMM results show that fast dynamic activities in a Temporal/Sensorimotor state network predict individual motor performance, suggesting a trait-like association between rapidly recurrent neural patterns and motor behaviour. Short, post-training task re-exposure modulated neural network characteristics during the boost but not the silent window. Re-exposure-related induction effects were observed on the next day, to a lesser extent than during the boost window. Daytime naps did not modulate memory consolidation at the behavioural and neural levels. These results emphasise the critical role of the transient boost window in motor learning and memory consolidation and provide further insights into the relationship between the multiscale neural dynamics of brain networks, motor learning, and consolidation.
Multi-band terahertz anisotropic metamaterial absorber composed of graphene-based split square ring resonator array featuring two gaps and a connecting bar
Authors: Asgari Somayyeh , Fabritius Tapio
Published: March 2024

A multi-band anisotropic metamaterial absorber operating in the terahertz (THz) range is constructed using a graphene-based split square ring resonator array featuring two gaps and a connecting bar. The design is meticulously simulated through the finite element method (FEM) using CST Software. Subsequently, an equivalent circuit model (ECM) is introduced, leveraging impedance and transmission lines, and implemented with a rapid MATLAB code to evaluate the absorber’s behavior in the THz spectrum. The proposed absorber, dynamically adjustable through a one-layered resonator array, exhibits a strong linear dichroism response of 99% within a frequency range of 0.3–4 THz. The metamaterial has an absorption rate of 81% for one absorption band in transverse magnetic mode and its three absorption bands in transverse electric mode have an average of 99.3% in each absorption band with absorption over 99%. This absorber holds potential applications in polarization-sensitive devices and THz systems. The ECM model was established to provide an efficient analytical tool for assessing the absorber’s performance, and the FEM simulation results align well with those derived from the ECM.
Enhanced antibacterial activity of porous chitosan-based hydrogels crosslinked with gelatin and metal ions
Authors: Farasati Far Bahareh , Naimi-Jamal Mohammad Reza , Jahanbakhshi Mehdi , Hadizadeh Alireza , Dehghan Shiva , Hadizadeh Shiva
Published: March 2024

Addressing the increasing drug resistance in pathogenic microbes, a significant threat to public health, calls for the development of innovative antibacterial agents with versatile capabilities. To enhance the antimicrobial activity of non-toxic biomaterials in this regard, this study focuses on novel, cost-effective chitosan (CS)-based hydrogels, crosslinked using gelatin (GEL), formaldehyde, and metallic salts (Ag+, Cu2+, and Zn2+). These hydrogels are formed by mixing CS and GEL with formaldehyde, creating iminium ion crosslinks with metallic salts without hazardous crosslinkers. Characterization techniques like FTIR, XRD, FESEM, EDX, and rheological tests were employed. FTIR analysis showed metal ions binding to amino and hydroxyl groups on CS, enhancing hydrogelation. FESEM revealed that freeze-dried hydrogels possess a crosslinked, porous structure influenced by various metal ions. Antibacterial testing against gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria demonstrated significant bacterial growth inhibition. CS-based hydrogels containing metal ions showed reduced MIC and MBC values against Staphylococcus aureus (0.5, 8, 16 µg/mL) and Escherichia coli (1, 16, 8 µg/mL) for CS-g-GEL-Ag+, CS-g-GEL-Cu2+, and CS-g-GEL-Zn2+. MTT assay results confirmed high biocompatibility (84.27%, 85.24%, 84.96% viability at 10 µg/mL) for CS-based hydrogels towards HFF-1 cells over 48 h. Therefore, due to their non-toxic nature, these CS hydrogels are promising for antibacterial applications.
Label-free quantification of imaging features in the extracellular matrix of left and right-sided colon cancer tissues
Authors: Arora B. , Kulkarni A. , Markus M. A. , Ströbel P. , Bohnenberger H. , Alves F. , Ramos-Gomes F.
Published: March 2024

The molecular pathogenesis of colorectal cancer is known to differ between the right and left side of the colon. Several previous studies have focussed on the differences in clinicopathological features, proteomic and genetic biomarkers, the composition of gut microbiota, response to therapy, and the characteristics of the tumour microenvironment. However, the morphology and density of collagen in the extracellular matrix (ECM) have not been studied intensively. In this study, we employed 2-photon laser scanning microscopy (2PLSM) to visualise the intrinsic second-harmonic generation (SHG) signal emitted by collagen fibres in the heterogeneous ECM of human colon tumour tissues. Through texture analysis of the SHG signal, we quantitatively distinguished the imaging features generated by structural differences of collagen fibres in healthy colon and cancers and found marked differences. The fibres inside of tumours exhibited a loss of organisation, particularly pronounced in right-sided colon cancer (RSCC), where the chaotic regions were significantly increased. In addition, a higher collagen content was found in left-sided colon cancer (LSCC). In future, this might aid in subclassification and therapeutic decisions or even in designing new therapy regimens by taking into account the differences between collagen fibres features between colon tumours located at different sides.
Tumor heterogeneity and clinically invisible micrometastases in metastatic breast cancer—a call for enhanced surveillance strategies
Authors: Bacon Eliza R. , Ihle Kena , Guo Weihua , Egelston Colt A. , Simons Diana L. , Wei Christina , Tumyan Lusine , Schmolze Daniel , Lee Peter P. , Waisman James R.
Published: March 2024

The biology of metastatic breast cancer (MBC) is understudied, primarily due to the difficulty of procuring multiple samples from patients with oligometastatic breast cancer. We developed a rapid postmortem tissue procurement program that allows the collection and analysis of numerous metastatic lesions, subclinical locations, and potential pre-metastatic niches that fall within this scope. We conducted a rapid postmortem tissue collection study on 9 patients with MBC. Patients and their families consented to donate tissues immediately after death in an IRB-approved study. Various disease subtypes, progression histories, organ involvement, and final causes of death are reported. In patients with hormone receptor-positive (HR+) disease, estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2, and Ki-67 expression were heterogeneous across metastatic lesions within individual patients. Disease phenotype at the end of life trended toward complete loss of HR expression. Nearly all (n = 7) patients exhibited extensive tumor involvement of additional organs that had not been previously diagnosed clinically and were not retrospectively visible on recent imaging. Of these seven individuals, three included organs uncommonly associated with MBC: kidney, spleen, pancreas, and ovary. Finally, we identified clinically undetectable micrometastases in several organs uncommonly involved in MBC. Our findings raise several clinically relevant questions regarding the mechanisms of metastatic progression. Insights from this study argue for better surveillance strategies for monitoring MBC. We highlight the need to capture more accurate biomarker information in the context of heterogeneous disease and urge the consideration of treatment strategies that combine multiple targeted therapies.
Structure, function and substrate preferences of archaeal S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolases
Authors: Koeppl Lars-Hendrik , Popadić Désirée , Saleem-Batcha Raspudin , Germer Philipp , Andexer Jennifer N.
Published: March 2024

S-Adenosyl-l-homocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) reversibly cleaves S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine, the product of S-adenosyl-l-methionine-dependent methylation reactions. The conversion of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine into adenosine and l-homocysteine plays an important role in the regulation of the methyl cycle. An alternative metabolic route for S-adenosyl-l-methionine regeneration in the extremophiles Methanocaldococcus jannaschii and Thermotoga maritima has been identified, featuring the deamination of S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine to S-inosyl-l-homocysteine. Herein, we report the structural characterisation of different archaeal SAHHs together with a biochemical analysis of various SAHHs from all three domains of life. Homologues deriving from the Euryarchaeota phylum show a higher conversion rate with S-inosyl-l-homocysteine compared to S-adenosyl-l-homocysteine. Crystal structures of SAHH originating from Pyrococcus furiosus in complex with SlH and inosine as ligands, show architectural flexibility in the active site and offer deeper insights into the binding mode of hypoxanthine-containing substrates. Altogether, the findings of our study support the understanding of an alternative metabolic route for S-adenosyl-l-methionine and offer insights into the evolutionary progression and diversification of SAHHs involved in methyl and purine salvage pathways.
Insights on E1-like enzyme ATG7: functional regulation and relationships with aging-related diseases
Authors: Liu Jingwei , Xiao Yutong , Cao Liangzi , Lu Songming , Zhang Siyi , Yang Ruohan , Wang Yubang , Zhang Naijin , Yu Yang , Wang Xiwen , Guo Wendong , Wang Zhuo , Xu Hongde , Xing Chengzhong , Song Xiaoyu , Cao Liu
Published: March 2024

Autophagy is a dynamic self-renovation biological process that maintains cell homeostasis and is responsible for the quality control of proteins, organelles, and energy metabolism. The E1-like ubiquitin-activating enzyme autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7) is a critical factor that initiates classic autophagy reactions by promoting the formation and extension of autophagosome membranes. Recent studies have identified the key functions of ATG7 in regulating the cell cycle, apoptosis, and metabolism associated with the occurrence and development of multiple diseases. This review summarizes how ATG7 is precisely programmed by genetic, transcriptional, and epigenetic modifications in cells and the relationship between ATG7 and aging-related diseases.
AI perceives like a local: predicting citizen deprivation perception using satellite imagery
Authors: Abascal Angela , Vanhuysse Sabine , Grippa Taïs , Rodriguez-Carreño Ignacio , Georganos Stefanos , Wang Jiong , Kuffer Monika , Martinez-Diez Pablo , Santamaria-Varas Mar , Wolff Eleonore
Published: March 2024

Deprived urban areas, commonly referred to as ‘slums,’ are the consequence of unprecedented urbanisation. Previous studies have highlighted the potential of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Earth Observation (EO) in capturing physical aspects of urban deprivation. However, little research has explored AI’s ability to predict how locals perceive deprivation.This research aims to develop a method to predict citizens’ perception of deprivation using satellite imagery, citizen science, and AI. A deprivation perception score was computed from slum-citizens’ votes. Then, AI was used to model this score, and results indicate that it can effectively predict perception, with deep learning outperforming conventional machine learning. By leveraging AI and EO, policymakers can comprehend the underlying patterns of urban deprivation, enabling targeted interventions based on citizens’ needs. As over a quarter of the global urban population resides in slums, this tool can help prioritise citizens’ requirements, providing evidence for implementing urban upgrading policies aligned with SDG-11.
Performance of machine learning for ozone modeling in Southern California during the COVID-19 shutdown
Authors: Do Khanh , Yeganeh Arash Kashfi , Gao Ziqi , Ivey Cesunica E.
Published: March 2024

We combine machine learning (ML) and geospatial interpolations to create two-dimensional high-resolution ozone concentration fields over the South Coast Air Basin for the entire year of 2020.
A pH-switchable Pickering emulsion synergistically stabilized by nanoparticles as an efficient medium for utilizing ammonia borane for organic conversion
Authors: Zhang Ying , Luo Pan , Qi Jie , Lu Hongsheng , Wang Li , Wu Yuanpeng
Published: March 2024

Herein, a novel Pickering emulsion stabilized by nanoparticles, which include emulsifying particles and hydrophilic particles, was developed as the reaction system for series-parallel catalysis.
Comprehensive collaborative integration method for high‐voltage coil manufacturing workshop based on industrial internet identification and resolution
Authors: Zhang Xuedong , Sun Wenlei , Jiang Renben , Wang Dajiang
Published: March 2024

The chaotic identification and resolution, inadequate data interoperability, and inefficient management of resources in the high‐voltage coil production workshop limited the effectiveness of its management, and posed significant challenges. To address this issue, the authors establish a comprehensive interconnected digital workshop for high‐voltage coil manufacturing based on Industrial Internet Identification and Resolution as well as the 5G technology. A comprehensive framework model is developed for the high‐voltage coil workshop, along with a formal modelling and tagging approach for objects within the high‐voltage coil workshop. In addition, a management shell modelling method for the complete set of resources in the high‐voltage coil workshop is explored. An analytical identification and interoperability mechanism for the full resource of the high‐voltage coil workshop is introduced. Furthermore, a trusted shared space is developed for the complete resource data of the high‐voltage coil workshop. Finally, a field validation is conducted within a specific high‐voltage coil production workshop. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed methods and models facilitate the unified access, mutual integration, and efficient management of the entire resources within the high‐voltage coil workshop. These achievements serve as a crucial reference for the implementation and advancement of interconnected manufacturing workshops.
Full‐duplex capable multifunction joint radar–communication–security transceiver with pseudonoise–orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing mixture waveform
Authors: Marin Jaakko , Bernhardt Micael , Riihonen Taneli
Published: March 2024

The authors investigate the performance of an original multifunction system with two in‐band full‐duplex capable joint radar, communications and security (JRCS) transceivers in the presence of an eavesdropper. The system concept can be generalised to a network of more than two JRCS transceivers and multiple eavesdroppers, despite the present study focusing on the three‐node scenario. By combining a bandlimited pseudonoise waveform with a data‐containing orthogonal frequency‐division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform, the authors are able to ensure a certain jamming‐to‐signal power ratio (JSR) at the eavesdropper, whilst ideal synchronisation ensures that jamming causes no deterioration to their own data transfer or radar sensing performance as it is possible to remove just the known pseudonoise waveform. To validate the system, the authors investigate through simulations the OFDM symbol error rates of all the receivers, radar target signal‐to‐interference‐plus‐noise power ratios as well as receiver operating characteristic curves, and eavesdropper's detection signal‐to‐noise power ratios through two‐branch receiver cross‐correlation. The results show that already a very low JSR of −20 dB can improve physical‐layer security without a significant increase in friendly symbol error rate or deterioration in radar performance. Additionally, other full‐duplex transceivers potentially occupying the same radio resources improve the secrecy even further.
A Comparison of the Effects of Different Slopes on Building Reaction in Wind Zones
Authors: Saxena Abhishek , Himabindu Modi , Helena Raj Vijilius , Dhalwar Ghanshyam , Chandra Pradeep Kumar , Sethi Vandana Arora , Jasim Laith
Published: March 2024

Understanding and analysing wind-induced vibrations is a crucial part of the overall evaluation, design, and construction of high-rise building structures. Developers are exploring and using sloped or steep terrain for construction due to the ongoing trends of urbanisation, the ongoing demand for housing, and the constraints placed on available land resources. This change in the landscape underscores the necessity for considerable research endeavours by requiring a comprehensive grasp of the structural equilibrium of structures positioned on slopes. To investigate how wind speed affects the way building frames respond structurally when situated on sloping terrain is the principal objective of this research project. The study considers alternative frame geometries in combination with varying ground slopes. By highlighting the Taking into account wind loads—especially in different wind zones (like III and IV)—and different slopes— from 0° to 10°—the study seeks to clarify the complex dynamics at play in the relationship between wind forces and multi storey reinforced concrete building frames. As a consequence, it is essential to determine if a hillside can sustain building loads. In order to estimate the factor of safety against the slope’s sliding collapse, this study proposes a method that takes building loads transferred to the slope into account. Wind forces might also be included in the analysis. It is feasible to consider various slopes similar to the formulation provided in the research. Research on the stability of slopes with different building configurations has been conducted. This research has discussed the measures that must be implemented for stepped foundations on hill slopes.
Prediction of Stock with On-Go Billing Cart using IoT and Advanced Interdisciplinary Approaches
Authors: Banoth Ramesh , Bhanu G. , Shishia N. , Vaishnavi M. , Saeed Hazim Y. , V Asha , Nijhawan Ginni , Khan Irfan
Published: March 2024

Modern technology has significantly improved the quality of life for humans. However, with the increase in technology usage, there has been a rise in the number of people visiting shopping malls. As a result, the billing process has become more time-consuming, and customers often have to wait in long queues to get their goods billed. To address this issue, we propose the development of a smart shopping cart system that uses RFID and Arduino to keep track of purchased products and generate bills automatically. The main objective of this paper is to reduce the time consumed in the billing process. Our On-go billing Cart with an Automatic Billing System will use an EM-18 RFID Module and Arduino.
Revolutionizing Aluminum Composite Manufacturing: Harnessing Cr2O3 Reinforcement via Friction Stir Technique
Authors: Al-Fatlawy Ramy Riad , S P Sreeja , Raju K Mallikarjuna , Singh Navdeep , Kumar Rajeev , Arora Deepika
Published: March 2024

This paper explores the revolutionary approach of enhancing aluminum composite manufacturing through the integration of Cr2O3 reinforcement using the Friction Stir Technique. The pivotal role of the vertical milling machine in executing Friction Stir Processing (FSP) is emphasized, detailing precise parameters crucial for achieving optimal results. The even dispersion of Cr2O3 throughout the matrix is highlighted as essential for ensuring consistent mechanical and chemical properties, enhancing overall strength, durability, and resistance to corrosion. Experimental findings reveal significant improvements across multiple mechanical properties, including a remarkable 21.56% increase in tensile strength, a notable 36.89% enhancement in hardness, a significant 24.33% improvement in fatigue strength, and a substantial 29.04% increase in wear resistance. These results underscore the effectiveness of Cr2O3 reinforcement via FSP in revolutionizing aluminum composite manufacturing, offering a pathway towards the development of high-performance materials with diverse industrial applications.
Optimizing Food Security and Environmental Sustainability via Agroecology and Sustainable Intensification Strategies
Authors: Raj Vijilius Helena , Kumar S. Vinod , Sabir M. , Yadav Dinesh Kumar , Sharma Shekhar , Alabdeli Haider , Arun Vanya
Published: March 2024

The science of ecology is incorporated into farm development and operation through agroecological techniques. A paradigm shift in agriculture is essential to combat hunger, adapt to climate trade, and mitigate environmental degradation. By doing this, researchers may further acknowledge the interdependence of farmed and nonfarmed landscapes and the variety of products and services that robust ecosystems offer, including resilience, nutrient cycling, and pest control, all of which can help sustain yields. Agro-ecology relies heavily on the knowledge and experience of farmers since it fosters independence and decreases reliance on costly outside resources. The concepts of sustainable intensification and agroecology are examined in this paper as additional strategies to address the global issue of increasing food production while lowering environmental impacts. Also, this study evaluates how effectively these approaches boost crop yields, lower environmental costs, and build resilience to climate unpredictability by closely examining existing programs, integrated management strategies, and field experiments. Supporting the findings is a comparative table that shows several techniques of sustainable intensification and how they have an effect on yields and environmental costs. In order to expand resilient, sustainable, and equitable food systems, a discussion of the necessity of a paradigm shift towards agroecological strategies is addressed in the paper's conclusion.
A Review Paper on Current State of the Worldwide Solar Energy Generation
Authors: Ahmed Raghad , khubnani Rashi , Reddy G. Vijendar , Singla Atul , Maan Preeti , Dwivedi Shashi Prakash
Published: March 2024

A worldwide evaluation of the present status of renewable-energy generation, with a focus on photo-voltaic (PV) solar energy for the production of electricity. The most pertinent elements of the development and experiences of nations working to build and use these technologies are covered in this article. It also cites studies that highlight the efforts made by nations to reduce their emissions of green-house gas or to enhance the quality and accessibility of electric energy generation in light of their unique geographic and environmental circumstances. These studies focus in particular on remote communities that have limited access to the national power grid due to technological or financial constraints. This paper focusses on renewable-energy might serve as a starting point for assessing how clean energy affects the world's energy supply and demand, they are becoming an increasingly popular option in terms of cost and efficiency, which can attract new investors. By analysing recent data, case studies, and literature, this review aims to provide stakeholders with insights into the achievements and hurdles of solar energy, fostering informed decisions towards a sustainable and resilient energy future.
Poor self-reported health in association with sleep duration and health complaints among adolescents in Latvia
Authors: Klavina-Makrecka Solvita , Gobina Inese , Pudule Iveta , Velika Biruta , Grinberga Daiga , Villerusa Anita
Published: March 2024

Insufficient sleep and recurrent health complaints may increase the risk of poorer self-reported health in adolescence, yet the relationships between these factors are not well understood. This study aims to explore the association between poor self-reported health and insufficient sleep duration among 11, 13, and 15 years old adolescents in Latvia by assessing the moderation effects of age and gender and by considering the mediating effect of health complaints. Methods: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children Study on 2017/2018 of Latvia (n = 4412) were used for statistical analysis. Results: On average, 19.3% reported insufficient sleep duration on schooldays and 4.4% on non-school days. Of those with insufficient sleep duration, 5.8% reported poor self-reported health while this proportion was 2% among those with sufficient sleep. Poor self- reported health was associated insufficient sleep duration on school days (OR = 3.02; 95%CI 2.02-4.49), but not on non-schooldays. The association between insufficient sleep and poor self-reported health changed considerably after adjustment with health complaints (OR = 1.58;95%CI 1.03-2.43), however, it still remained significant. Conclusions: There is significant association between insufficient sleep and poor self-reported health regardless of total burden of health complaints.
Current options and limits of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in social work
Authors: Markovič Daniel
Published: March 2024

At the end of the second decade of the 21st century, it was accepted that robots and technology would replace mainly blue-collar and routine jobs, while professionals in human well-being and creativity would be needed in greater numbers. New tools like AI large language models, which are at the beginning of an exponential trajectory of their development, have changed the way digitization is viewed; people employed in activities such as writing as well as administrative and clerical work have started to lose their jobs. Will technologies become aids and supplements to services, or can they replace social workers? The paper aims to analyse the current limits of artificial intelligence in social work and summarize digital platforms useful for social work practice. The methods used are the analysis of literature and statistics and an experiment with artificial intelligence. Language model Chat GPT passed the state final examination for the bachelor’s degree in social work in Slovakia. It received a grade of B on the ECTS grading scale.
Digital social work or e-social work? Towards social work in a digital environment
Authors: Markovič Daniel
Published: March 2024

The goal of this paper is to summarise and remark on contemporary issues of emerging social work in the digital environment, which were accelerated by social distancing during the COVID-19 pandemic. We discuss the concepts of e-social work and digital social work. We debate where the boundaries of social work in the digital environment are and whether it constitutes a new, distinct branch of social work. We investigate the process and barriers to enhancing social workers’ digital capabilities (using the Technology Acceptance Model, SAMR theory, and Digital Natives-Digital Immigrants contexts). We analyse the key advantages and disadvantages of social work in the online setting.
Sensitivität und Spezifität des PHQ-9 zur Identifikation von
Suizidalität in der medizinischen Rehabilitation
Authors: Sternberg Annika , Bethge Matthias , Ober Jona , Weier Lisa , Benninghoven Dieter
Published: March 2024

Ziel der Studie Suizidalität wird in der Rehabilitation bisher selten
systematisch erfasst, obwohl bei Personen mit körperlichen und psychischen
Beeinträchtigungen das Suizidalitätsrisiko erhöht ist. Das Item 9 des
9-Item-Depressionsmodul des Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) fragt nach dem
Wunsch, tot zu sein oder sich selbst Leid zufügen zu wollen, und könnte als
mögliches Screening auf Suizidalität genutzt werden. Die Columbia Suicide
Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) ist ein standardisiertes Interview zur Erfassung
von Suizidalität. Wir erhoben die Häufigkeit von Suizidalität in der
orthopädischen und kardiologischen Rehabilitation mittels C-SSRS und PHQ-9,
untersuchten die diagnostische Genauigkeit des Item 9 des PHQ-9 und des
PHQ-9-Gesamtwertes zur Identifizierung von Suizidalität und erfassten die
Akzeptanz der Suizidalitätsabklärung durch die Teilnehmenden.

Methodik Die Studienteilnehmenden wurden mit dem PHQ-9 gescreent und
anschließend mittels C-SSRS interviewt. Sensitivität und Spezifität des Items 9
des PHQ-9 und des PHQ-9-Gesamtwertes wurden für das Vorliegen einer mit der
C-SSRS erfassten Suizidalität und in einer Sensitivitätsanalyse für das
Vorliegen unspezifischer aktiver Suizidgedanken (Item 2 der C-SSRS) überprüft.
Wir berechneten die Area under the curve (AUC) zur Vorhersage der Fähigkeit des
PHQ-9, zwischen Personen mit und ohne akuter Suizidalität zu unterscheiden. Die
Teilnehmenden bewerteten Screening und Interview.

Ergebnisse Bei 405 Studienteilnehmenden lag die Prävalenz akuter
Suizidalität gemessen mit der C-SSRS bei 0,5%. 4% berichteten in der C-SSRS
unspezifische aktive Suizidgedanken. 10,4% gaben Suizidgedanken im Item 9 des
PHQ-9 an. Die Sensitivität des Item 9 und des PHQ-9-Gesamtwertes für die
Identifizierung akuter Suizidalität betrug lediglich 50,0% (95%-KI: 1,3% bis
98,7%). Das Item 9 war jedoch sensitiv (81,3%, 95%-KI: 54,4% bis 96,0%) und
spezifisch (92,5%, 95%-KI: 89,5% bis 95,0%) für die Erkennung unspezifischer
aktiver Suizidgedanken. Die Schätzer für die Sensitivität waren aufgrund der
geringen Prävalenz akuter Suizidalität mit großer Unsicherheit behaftet. Die
Ansprache von Suizidalität wurde von den Studienteilnehmenden als sinnvoll und
hilfreich bewertet.

Schlussfolgerung Bei positiver Antwort des Item 9 ist die unmittelbare
Gefahr eines Suizids gering. Der Einsatz des PHQ-9 eignet sich aber zur
Identifizierung von Personen mit unspezifischen suizidalen Gedanken. Ein
auffälliger Wert im Item 9 des PHQ-9 sollte psychodiagnostisch abgeklärt
werden.
Patterns of Cytogenomic Findings from a Case Series of Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Provide Insight into the Extent of Genetic Defects Causing Miscarriages
Authors: DiAdamo Autumn , Chai Hongyan , Chong Mei Ling , Wang Guilin , Wen Jiadi , Jiang Yong-Hui , Li Peining
Published: March 2024

Background A retrospective study was performed to evaluate the patterns of cytogenomic findings detected from a case series of products of conception (POC) in recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) over a 16-year period from 2007 to 2023.

Results This case series of RPL was divided into a single analysis (SA) group of 266 women and a consecutive analysis (CA) group of 225 women with two to three miscarriages analyzed. Of the 269 POC from the SA group and the 469 POC from the CA group, a spectrum of cytogenomic abnormalities of simple aneuploidies, compound aneuploidies, polyploidies, and structural rearrangements/pathogenic copy number variants (pCNVs) were detected in 109 (41%) and 160 cases (34%), five (2%) and 11 cases (2%), 35 (13%) and 36 cases (8%), and 10 (4%) and 19 cases (4%), respectively. Patterns with recurrent normal karyotypes, alternating normal and abnormal karyotypes, and recurrent abnormal karyotypes were detected in 74 (33%), 71 (32%), and 80 (35%) of consecutive miscarriages, respectively. Repeat aneuploidies of monosomy X and trisomy 16, triploidy, and tetraploidy were detected in nine women.

Conclusions A comparable spectrum of cytogenomic abnormalities was noted in the SA and CA groups of RPL. A skewed likelihood of 2/3 for recurrent normal and abnormal karyotypes and 1/3 for alternating normal and abnormal karyotypes in consecutive miscarriages was observed. Routine cytogenetic analysis should be performed for consecutive miscarriages. Further genomic sequencing to search for detrimental and embryonic lethal variants causing miscarriages and pathogenic variants inducing aneuploidies and polyploidies should be considered for RPL with recurrent normal and abnormal karyotypes.