bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Temperature Feature of ChatGPT: Modifying Creativity for Clinical Research
Authors: Davis Joshua , Van Bulck Liesbet , Durieux Brigitte N , Lindvall Charlotta
Published: January 2024

More clinicians and researchers are exploring uses for large language model chatbots, such as ChatGPT, for research, dissemination, and educational purposes. Therefore, it becomes increasingly relevant to consider the full potential of this tool, including the special features that are currently available through the application programming interface. One of these features is a variable called temperature, which changes the degree to which randomness is involved in the model’s generated output. This is of particular interest to clinicians and researchers. By lowering this variable, one can generate more consistent outputs; by increasing it, one can receive more creative responses. For clinicians and researchers who are exploring these tools for a variety of tasks, the ability to tailor outputs to be less creative may be beneficial for work that demands consistency. Additionally, access to more creative text generation may enable scientific authors to describe their research in more general language and potentially connect with a broader public through social media. In this viewpoint, we present the temperature feature, discuss potential uses, and provide some examples.
Study of Flow Rate Effect on Horizontal Flow Concrete Sand Filter Filtration Performance
Authors: Parsada Laksmana Angga , Kamulyan Budi , Triatmadja Radianta
Published: January 2024

The need for clean water during the pandemic is significantly increasing due to high public awareness of adopting a clean and healthy lifestyle (PHBS), necessitating more water treatment. Conventional methods are used for water treatment, including coagulation-flocculation system, rapid sand filter, and disinfection. However, these methods have limitations such as reduced capacity and sand filter efficiency, leading to increased backwash costs due to the need for sand replacement caused by particle stratification. In response to these challenges, an innovative method to water treatment is the use of concrete sand filter (CSF). Previous studies predominantly focused on downflow filtration, but there has been limited analysis of horizontal flow. Therefore, this study aimed to assess filtration and backwash effectiveness of CSF with horizontal flow, specifically focusing on the capacity performance in treating water with varying levels of turbidity. Filtration experiment was carried out using simulated water at turbidity of 125 NTU based on the Mataram Channel Turbidity with variations of 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, 5.0, and 10.0 m hour-1, as well as backwash at flow rate of 40.91 m hour-1 for 3 minutes. The variables measured during filtration process included head losses and turbidity at the inlet and outlet of CSF. The results showed that the capacity performance during filtration process was directly proportional to flow rate. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of concrete filter was inversely proportional to flow rate. At initial turbidity <617 NTU, the 3 minutes backwash process obtained lower final turbidity compared to the raw water used, which was 5.19 NTU. Meanwhile, at turbidity 617 NTU, the final turbidity was still high, reaching approximately 14.6–26.4 NTU.
The Correlation of Liquefaction Potential and Probability on Excess Pore Water Pressure in Kretek 2 Bridge Area
Authors: Zakariya Ali , Rifa'i Ahmad , Ismanti Sito
Published: January 2024

Liquefaction is soil condition associated with the drastic increase in pore water pressure of uniform sandy soil due to an enormous earthquake. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation of liquefaction potential with excess pore water pressure ratio in nine boreholes located at Kretek 2 Bridge area using empirical and numerical methods. Liquefaction potential was estimated based on a semi-empirical method simplified by Idriss and Boulanger (2008), and safety factor (SF) value of <1.0 was used to represent the existence of its potential. The result showed that liquefaction potential was dominant at depths of 1.5 to 6.0 m, with the exception of BH-9 with 16.5 m and BH-4. Furthermore, the excess pore water pressure ratio was estimated using empirical method developed by Yegian and Vitelli (1981) as well as Serafini and Perlea (2010). Numerical analysis was also conducted for comparison purposes and the process focused on using Deepsoil v7.0 to generate excess pore water pressure by considering soil conditions and dominant seismic sources in Kretek 2 Bridge area. The result showed that the ratio of excess pore water pressure was greater or equaled 0.8. Both empirical and numerical methods produced similar values for BH-1, BH-2, BH-8, and BH-9 at a depth of 1.5–3.0 m, 3–4.5 m, 3.0 m, and 16.5 m, respectively. This showed a correlation between excess pore water pressure ratio and liquefaction potential values at the same depth. However, numerical method tended to overestimate the ru value, necessitating the use of empirical method to obtain a more reliable result.
The Last of the Great Auks: Oral History and Ritual Killings at St Kilda
Authors: Fleming Andrew
Published: January 2024

The story of the killing of the ‘last’ great auk (Pinguinus impennis) in Britain, apparently put to death as a witch at Stac an Armin in the St Kilda archipelago c. 1840, is well known. However, other accounts claim that an auk was killed on the main island, Hirta, having been condemned to death by the celebrated men’s ‘parliament’. The historical veracity of three differing stories, which recount discreditable deeds in a deeply Christian community, is evaluated; it seems that fewest difficulties are raised if two great auks were killed, one on Hirta and the other on Stac an Armin. It is argued that this kind of avicide was a ‘ritual’ killing, to be understood in its historical context. The auk-killing probably took place in the mid to late 1840s, after the St Kilda minister had departed in the wake of the Disruption of 1843 - a particularly unsettling time within this small island community. A possible sighting of a pair of great auks on Soay (St Kilda) in 1890 is also briefly discussed.
Singing and the Dùsgaidhean: The Impact of Religious Awakenings on Musical Creativity in the Outer Hebrides
Authors: Wilkins Frances
Published: January 2024

The evangelical revivals (known in English as ‘awakenings’ and in Gaelic as na dùsgaidhean) of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries had an immediate impact upon singing and music-making in Presbyterian communities in the Western Isles as well as a significant long-term effect on both traditional and sacred musical practice and performance. Awakenings often led converts to re-evaluate their participation in traditional music-making and singing and compelled many to give up their secular music practices upon conversion. Even so, music-making itself was not discouraged, and these religious revivals created an environment which encouraged converts to replace their secular repertoire with spiritual songs and hymns, and to embrace the singing and new composition of spiritual songs to express their newly experienced Christian faith. This article examines the impact of religious revivals on music-making in the Outer Hebrides – particularly Lewis – and the significant musical shifts, including the composition of new repertoire, which took place within communities as a result.
The Concept of Legal Certainty in The Final and Binding Decision of The Election Manager Honorary Council (DKPP)
Authors: Nisaq Rista Choirun , Haruni Catur Wido , Anoraga Surya
Published: January 2024

The final and binding phrase on the DKPP decision in the provisions of Article 458 paragraph (13) of the Election Law was submitted for judicial review through the Constitutional Court decision Number RI 32/PUU-XIX/2021. In the provisions of Article 458 paragraph (13), the phrase final and binding means that the DKPP's decision can’t be submitted for legal effort. However, from the case of Evi Novida Eka Ginting, the Election Organizer Ethics Council (DKPP) decision can be submitted for legal effort. This has implications for the legal certainty of the final and binding phrase in the provisions of Article 458 paragraph (13). This research aims to analyze the final and binding decisions of the Election Organizer Ethics Council in terms of the Constitutional Court Decision Number.32/PUU-XIX/2021 and Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning Elections and to analyze the Election Organizer Ethics Council decisions. which is final and binding in terms of the aspect of legal certainty. The research method used is normative juridical. Based on the results of the research and discussion, First, viewed from the Constitutional Court decision no. 32/PUU-XIX/2021 the phrase "final and binding" in Article 458 paragraph (13) can be an object in the Administrative Court. What can be submitted is a legal effort, a lawsuit to the Administrative Court (PTUN) to cancel the Presidential Decree. Reviewed according to Law No.7 of 2017 concerning General Elections, Article 458 paragraph (13), the Election Organizer Ethics Council (DKPP) decision is final and binding, this means that the decision cannot be made to legal effort and directly can be held. Second, according to the principle of legal certainty, final and binding phrases cause legal uncertainty. Because the phrase is final and binding on the DKPP decision, it is interpreted that the Election Organizer Ethics Council (DKPP) decision can’t be made due to legal effort and must be held. So the final phrase in Article 458 paragraph (13) should be removed cause the meaning has multiple interpretations.
The Ratification of Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement: Investment Challenges and Opportunities
Authors: Pratama Andistya , Yuliana Ginna
Published: January 2024

This article aims to conduct a more in-depth study of Indonesia's challenges and opportunities after the ratification of the 2020 Indonesia-Australia Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement, hereinafter referred to as IA-CEPA. IA-CEPA offers opportunities for investment, trade in goods and services, and human resource capacity building for both countries. The Indonesian government needs to accelerate the harmonization of national laws related to the substance of IA-CEPA so that no legal conflicts harm Indonesia's national and economic interests. This research applied normative or doctrinal research methods, collecting legal materials with literature studies, which were then analysed with descriptive analysis techniques to find solutions to the problems raised. The results show that IA-CEPA brings great opportunities for economic growth in both countries. With greater access to each other's markets and cuts in trade tariffs, this agreement can stimulate greater trade and investment. IA-CEPA provides incentives for both countries to diversify their investment sources. This can help reduce dependence on one particular country or region and increase economic resilience.
ANALYSIS OF FIRE FIGHTING PUMP PERFORMANCE USING SNI 03-6570-2001 STANDARD ON SELF-CONTAINED HYDRANTS
Authors: Auf Abdurrahman , Biantoro Agung Wahyudi , Romahadi Dedik , Chaeroni Amat
Published: January 2024

Self-controlled hydrants are fire protection systems located in residential areas that function for early fire extinguishing. In a fire protection system, the pump plays an important role in supplying water from the reservoir to the end point of the installation. Fire pumps must always be in optimum condition and accordance with applicable standards. This study aims to analyze pump performance at current conditions in self-contained hydrants in the Palmerah District and then compare it with the performance that pumps should have in ideal conditions according to SNI 03-6570-2001 standards. The method used is a quantitative descriptive analysis method by comparing the current condition of the pump with applicable standards and conducting a direct survey of the location of the installed fire pump. The measuring instruments used in the study were a pressure gauge, control box, and pitot gauge. The results obtained through testing and calculating pump performance The pump installed on the self-contained hydrant in actual conditions with a total head of 86.62 m produces a flowrate of 0.0189 m3/s at 2800 RPM and can flow a maximum flowrate of 0.0284 m3/s with a head of 66.94 m while in ideal conditions with approximately the same speed and total pump head of 88.83 m, The pump produces a flow rate of 0.0473 m3/s and can produce a maximum flowrate of 0.0710 m3/s with a head of 71.81 m and when shut-off (Q = 0) at actual and ideal conditions produces a same total pump head 94.10 m. However, the pump in actual conditions can flow a minimum flowrate required of 0.040 m3/s with a pressure required of 350 kPa at 3000 RPM with a total pump head of 108.52 m. Thus, the pump must operate heavier due to the higher total head to deliver the required minimum flow rate and pressure.
PLANNING AND FEASIBILITY STUDY OF A HYBRID SOLAR POWER PLANT WITH AN ADDED AUTOMATIC TRANSFER SWITCH (ATS) FOR AN OFFICE BUILDING
Authors: Buana Chandra , Yunus Muhammad Yusuf , Abbas Muhammad Daffa , Ashari Rizal , Sari Nita Sri Indah
Published: January 2024

The Office of the Regent of Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap), situated on Harapan Baru Street, Batu Lappa, Watang Pulu District, Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi, consumes 200 kWh of electricity daily for lighting, resulting in substantial energy costs. Recognizing the potential for renewable energy, especially with a daily solar radiation potential of 5.8 kWh/m2, this study proposes the implementation of a hybrid solar power plant system. The system incorporates Photovoltaic (PV) as the primary energy source, with the Grid and Generator serving as backup sources through an AC Coupling configuration utilizing Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS). The research employs a simulation approach using HOMER Pro software for system modeling, SketchUp software for solar panel layout, AutoCAD software for ATS circuit modeling, and theoretical calculations for financial analysis. The results indicate a solar power plant capacity of 39.6 kW, producing 75,701 kWh/year with an impressive 83.3% renewable penetration. From an economic standpoint, the project requires an investment of IDR 642,714,960, with a net present cost of IDR 1,573,177,823, and a cost of energy value of IDR 1,401.38/kWh. In terms of feasibility, the project demonstrates a net present value exceeding zero (IDR 216,680,041), a profitability index greater than one (1.33), an internal rate of return surpassing the credit interest rate (12.488%), and a payback period of 7 years and 7 months. These findings affirm the feasibility of the hybrid solar power plant planning project for the Sidrap Regent's Office, showcasing its economic viability and potential for sustainable energy solutions.
GREEN TECHNOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE: BIO-FERTILIZER PRODUCTION FROM MUNICIPAL WASTE TO PRESERVE THE ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Sidik Muhamad Afifi Muhamad , Leman Abdul Mutalib bin , Feriyanto Dafit , Abdulmalik Samir Sani , Zakaria Supaat
Published: January 2024

This study addresses the pressing issue of municipal waste (MW) management by proposing an innovative approach to transform residential solid waste into a valuable resource using green technology. MW, sourced from diverse sectors, undergoes various disposal methods, including incineration, recycling, and landfilling. In Malaysia, the composition of MW aligns with global trends, with food waste and plastic being the predominant categories. This research focuses on producing fertilizer from residential solid waste through a green technology process, utilizing a sequential procedure involving high pressure, high temperature, and energized water to de-polymerize hemicellulose and lignin, followed by microbial enzymatic fermentation. The developed green technology introduces a novel apparatus designed for treating MW in a high-temperature, low-pressure rotating vessel using indirect heating with thermal fluid. The experimental protocol involves four batches of MW samples, evaluating the mass differential before and after the treatment process. Furthermore, a 7-week observation period assesses chili plant growth as an indicator of fertilizer effectiveness. Results indicate a significant 71% mass reduction of MW, amounting to 201.26 kg, emphasizing the efficacy of the developed process. The investigation extends to plant height, comparing MW-derived fertilizer with commercial fertilizer over a 5-week period. Remarkably, chili plants fertilized with MW-derived fertilizer exhibit a greater height of 8.6 cm, surpassing the 7.3 cm observed with commercial fertilizer. This study concludes that MW-derived fertilizer is highly recommended for enhancing plant growth and health in Malaysia, suggesting a sustainable production system. The research not only contributes to waste management but also aligns with broader goals of promoting environmentally conscious and sustainable agricultural practices, emphasizing the potential of green technology in addressing the challenges of municipal waste.
DiffESM: Conditional Emulation of Temperature and Precipitation in Earth System Models with 3D Diffusion Models
Authors: Bassetti Seth , Hutchinson Brian , Tebaldi Claudia , Kravitz Ben
Published: January 2024

Earth System Models (ESMs) are essential tools for understanding the
interaction of the human and Earth systems. One key application of these
models is studying extreme weather events, such as heat waves or high
intensity precipitation events, which have significant socioeconomic
consequences. However, the computational demands of running a sufficient
number of simulations to robustly characterize expected changes in these
hazards, and therefore provide a strong basis to analyze the ensuing
risks, are often prohibitive. In this paper we demonstrate that
diffusion models – a class of generative deep learning models – can
effectively emulate the spatio-temporal trends of ESM daily output.
Trained on a handful of runs, reflecting a wide range of radiative
forcings, our DiffESM model takes monthly mean precipitation or
temperature as input and is capable of producing daily values of
temperature and precipitation that have statistical characteristics
close to the ESM output. This approach requires only a small fraction of
the computational resources that would be needed to run a large ensemble
under any scenario of interest. We evaluate model behavior over a range
of scenarios, time horizons and two ESMs, using a number of extreme
metrics, including ones that have been long established in the climate
modeling and analysis community. Our results show that the samples
produced by DiffESM closely matches the spatio-temporal behavior of the
ESM output it emulates in terms of the frequency and spatial
characteristics of phenomena such as heat waves, dry spells, or rainfall
intensity.
Thermochemical structure of the Superior craton and environs: Implications for the evolution and preservation of cratonic lithosphere
Authors: Dave Riddhi , Darbyshire Fiona Ann , Afonso Juan Carlos , Fomin Ilya
Published: January 2024

The Archean Superior craton was formed by the assemblage of continental
and oceanic terranes at ∼2.6 Ga. The craton is surrounded by multiple
Proterozoic mobile belts, including the Paleoproterozoic Trans-Hudson
Orogen which brought together the Superior and Rae/Hearne cratons at
∼1.9-1.8 Ga. Despite numerous studies on Precambrian lithospheric
formation and evolution, the deep thermochemical structure of the
Superior craton and its surroundings remains poorly understood. Here we
investigate the upper mantle beneath the region from the surface to 400
km depth by jointly inverting Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion
data, elevation, geoid height and surface heat flow, using a
probabilistic inversion to obtain a (pseudo-)3D model of composition,
density and temperature. The lithospheric structure is dominated by
thick cratonic roots (>300 km) beneath the eastern and
western arms of the Superior craton, with a chemically depleted
signature (Mg# > 92.5), consistent with independent
results from mantle xenoliths. Beneath the surrounding Proterozoic and
Phanerozoic orogens, the Mid-continent Rift and Hudson Strait, we
observe a relatively thinner lithosphere and more fertile composition,
indicating that these regions have undergone lithospheric modification
and erosion. Our model supports the hypothesis that the core of the
Superior craton is well-preserved and has evaded lithospheric
destruction and refertilization. We propose three factors playing a
critical role in the craton’s stability: (i) the presence of a
mid-lithospheric discontinuity, (ii) the correct isopycnic conditions to
sustain a strength contrast between the craton and the surrounding
mantle, and (iii) the presence of weaker mobile belts around the craton.
4D Electrical Resistivity Imaging of Stress Perturbations Induced During High-Pressure Shear Stimulation Tests
Authors: Johnson Tim C , Burghardt Jeffrey , Strickland Christopher , Sirota Dana , Vermeul Vince , Knox Hunter A , Schwering Paul C , Blankenship Doug , Kneafsey Timothy J
Published: January 2024

Fluid flow through fractured media is typically governed by the
distribution of fracture apertures, which are in turn governed by
stress. Consequently, understanding subsurface stress is critical for
understanding and predicting subsurface fluid flow. Although
laboratory-scale studies have established a sensitive relationship
between effective stress and bulk electrical conductivity in crystalline
rock, that relationship has not been extensively leveraged to monitor
stress evolution at the field scale using electrical or electromagnetic
geophysical monitoring approaches. In this paper we demonstrate the use
time-lapse 3-dimensional (4D) electrical resistivity tomography to image
perturbations in the stress field generated by pressurized borehole
packers deployed during shear-stimulation attempts in a 1.25 km deep
metamorphic crystalline rock formation.
The Profound Impact of Neoliberal Reform in Mexico’s Preeminent Tourist Destination
Authors: H Browner Carole
Published: January 2024

astellanos’s new book, Indigenous Dispossession: Housing and Maya Indebtedness in Mexico. Her 2010 monograph, A Return to Servitude: Maya Migration and the Tourist Trade in Cancún had a huge impact on me. A Return to Servitude… is a beautifully rendered ethnography of the causes and consequences of Mexico’s vast Maya internal migrant stream. It documents the critical importance of the Maya, along with Mexico’s other indigenous groups, for the development of modern Mexico
The Oromo-Amhara Ethnic Conflicts in Gidda Ayana and Kiramu Districts, North- Eastern Wallagga: Integrating Instrumentalist and Primordialists Theories
Authors: Tolera Megersa
Published: January 2024

This study investigates the Oromo-Amhara ethnic conflicts in Gidda Ayana and Kiramu districts of North-Eastern Wallagga, with a focus on integrating instrumentalist and primordialist theories. The objective is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the conflicts by examining the interplay between instrumentalist motivations, such as breaches of contractual agreements over land and differing interpretations of constitutional rights, and primordial expressions, including the crystallization of ethnic identities and historical resentments. The methodology employed in this study involves a combination of qualitative research methods, including literature review, analysis of historical documents, and interviews with key stakeholders from both the Oromo and Amhara communities. The findings reveal that the conflicts are driven by a complex interaction between instrumentalist and primordialist factors, with resource interests and power dynamics playing a significant role in shaping ethnic relations. The study underscores the malleability of ethnic relations in response to shifting resource interests and power dynamics, demonstrating the utility of ethnicity in these contexts. Based on the findings, the study recommends, first promoting dialogue and reconciliation between the Oromo and Amhara communities is crucial to foster understanding and peaceful coexistence. Second, addressing land disputes through fair and transparent mechanisms can help alleviate tensions. Third, enhancing economic opportunities for both communities can mitigate resource competition. Fourth, strengthening governance and the rule of law is essential to ensure equal representation and address grievances. Fifthly, promoting cultural understanding and appreciation can counter historical resentments. Lastly, supporting community-based conflict resolution mechanisms to facilitate sustainable conflict resolution and peace building efforts.
Experiences of Remembrance of Deceased Children (Angels). Corrientes Province, Argentina, and South of the Republic of Paraguay
Authors: Ivan Bondar Cesar
Published: January 2024

We propose in this article to address some of the practices that allow the remembrance of deceased children in the Province of Corrientes, Argentina and the South of the Eastern Region of Paraguay. This approach places us in three exemplary situations that are inscribed in specific temporalities: a) the visit to the cemeteries on November 1, b) the serenades of adults during the morning of November 1 and the walk of children in the afternoon of October 31 or November 1 in the morning (Angeles Somos), and c) the celebration of the angel’s birthday, or the Day of the Child. Thus we could perceive that the visit to the cemeteries during November 1 is a significant recurrent throughout the area under study. In the case of “Ángeles Somos” we have found it in the towns of Norte de Corrientes, not observed in Paraguay. Both the Day of the Child and the birthday and remembrance of the angel are identified more strongly in Paraguay. The records correspond to the period 2006-2022, for this the ethnographic method has been prioritized with interviews, observations and records in various devices.
Telemedicine: The Present and the Future
Authors: BJ* Marion
Published: January 2024

Telemedicine is the remote diagnosis and delivery of healthcare using telecommunications technology. This article presents an overview of different components of a telemedicinesystem incorporated into the present state of the field. A projection of the future of this exciting venue is then discussed.
Screening for Alternative Sources of L-Asparaginase Used in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (All) Treatment: An In Silico Approach
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul
Published: January 2024

Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) is the most prevalent acute leukemia in children and it also represents a devastating disease when it occurs in adults. Within the United States, the incidence of ALL is estimated at 1.6 per 100 000 population and an estimated 6590 new cases were diagnosed in 2016 alone. The enzyme L-asparaginase (L-Asp) is being used for treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) for many years because of its unique pharmacological features and historically improved treatment outcomes. As Lasparaginase demonstrates relative substrate specificity and at the same time affects the glutamine metabolism, these may intensify adverse effects including hepatotoxicity, hemostatic disorders and hyperglycemia. That’s why alternative L-asparaginase sources are crying needed to tackle the present drawbacks of commercially available L-asparaginase (For example, PEG-asparaginase from Erwiniachry santhemi). The present study planned to suggest an alternative source of L-asparaginase for ALL treatment by in silico analysis, mostly for child patient. The study included phylogenetic tree construction, physiochemical properties analysis, the secondary structure screening and three-dimensional structure prediction of proposed Lasparaginase. After phylogeny analysis and in slico screening of physiochemical and secondary properties, homology modeling of L-asparaginase Shigella boydii (WP_000513786.1) was uggested as the best alternative option for ALL treatment rather than commercially available L-asparaginase sources.
Proteomics: Applications in Disease Diagnosis to Develop Precision Medicine
Authors: Vasdev Kavita
Published: January 2024

Proteomics is a systems biology science that studies not only the protein components of a cell but also the interactions between them. Proteomics is a powerful tool to study disease progression at an individual level and its ability to provide information for diagnosis and therapy tailored to the individual manifestation of the disease is unlimited. It encompasses wet laboratory experiments such as 2-D gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometric techniques, but also computational analysis of biological data which include software such as GO, Cytoscape etc. The present review aims at studying the applications of proteomics in the diagnosis, Prognosis of disease progression during therapeutic intervention, and identifying therapeutic targets of the diseases, specifically neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Cardiovascular disease as Myocardial Infarction and systemic disease like Cancer- in order to develop precision medicine for applied personalized therapy
Exiguous and Scarce-SMARCB1 Deficient Medullary Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Bajaj Anubha
Published: January 2024

Switch / sucrose non fermentable (SWI/SNF) related, matrix associated, actin dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily B member 1 (SMARCB1) deficient medullary renal cell carcinoma is an exceptionally discerned, aggressive carcinoma associated with deficiency of SMARCB1 or integrase interactor 1(INI1).
Schisandrin B Suppressed the Proliferation of MM Cell Lines Via IL-6
Authors: Kong Chunfang
Published: January 2024

Background: Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy. Schizandrin B (Sch B) is one of the main dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans which is found in schisandra chinensis. Sch B has been previously demonstrated to exhibit antitumor properties. However, the effect of Sch B on MM remains nuclear. Materials and Methods: The impact of Sch B on the proliferation of MM cell lines was determined by CCK-8 assay. The cell cycle and apoptosis of MM cell lines were evaluated by flow cytometry. RT-PCR to identify the effect of Sch B on the chemokines CCL2, CCL3 and CCL14 in MM cell lines. IL-6 and VEGF concentrations of serum and cell-free supernatants were tested by ELISA. Result: Our studies revealed that Sch B suppressed the proliferation of MM cell lines via IL-6. Sch B induced cell cycle of MM cell lines arrest at G0/G1 phase and increased its apoptosis. Sch B suppressed the mRNA expression of the chemokines CCL2, CCL3and CCL14 in MM cell lines. Conclusion: Sch B suppressed the proliferation of MM cell lines via IL-6. These findings suggest that Sch B may be a promising traditional Chinese medicine for MM.
Assessing the Potentials of Nature-Based Solutions to Climate Change Adaptation in Nigeria
Authors: HK Ayuba
Published: January 2024

One issue that threatens virtually every industry in Nigeria is climate change, which has the potential to reverse the country's years of progress in that area. Nigeria can no longer opt to adapt to climate change. Despite the nation's efforts to adapt to climate change, much work remains, particularly in examining the possibilities of nature-based climate solutions to combat climate change. This study uses a desk review approach, which was supplemented by involvement from stakeholders. The results showed that there are numerous nature-based solutions that can be used to improve the vulnerable populations' capacity for coping with climate change. These include, but are not limited to, the adoption of better soil and land management practices, the use of drought-tolerant crops, farmer-managed natural forest regeneration, agroforestry, a novel approach to insurance risk pooling, the use of early maturing cultivars, and others.
Modeling of the Ecological Niche of Anogeissus leiocarpa (DC.) Guill & Perr and Conservation Strategies in the Context of Climate and Global Change (Benin, West Africa)
Authors: APÉLÉTÉ Eben-Ezer
Published: January 2024

The objective of this work is to study the ethno botanical importance of Anogeissus leiocarpa and the potential impacts of climate and global changes on the spatial distribution of the species in order to contribute to its conservation and sustainable use. One hundred and eighty-nine (189) peoples were surveyed in the ten phytodistricts of Benin. Occurrences of Anogeissus leiocarpa downloaded from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) website (www.gbif.org; https://doi.org/10.15468/ dl.qgwnvf) was supplemented with those collected in the field to model the spatial distribution and the ecological niche of the species. Environmental climatic data were downloaded from Worldclim and Africlim website at the resolution of 2.5 minutes; non-climatic environmental data as soil, population and distance to dwellings (Settlement) were respectively downloaded from ISRIC and SEDAC website at the same resolution. The results of five modeling algorithms were compared: Maxent, BRT, RF, GLM, and GAM. From the main results, Anogeissus leiocarpa is well known and variously used by the surveyed population. Three categories of use were named: wood use (64 %), medicinal use (35 %) and spiritual or medico-magical use (1 %). The most named parts of the plants are the trunk and the leaves. Seven (7) forms of usage were named: service wood, decoction, timber, fuelwood, power, toothpick and trituration. Maxent and BRT algorithms have shown the best performance to predict suitable areas of Anogeissus leiocarpa (compared to RF, GLM and GAM) and were therefore combined to define conservation strategies for the species. Globally, there is an extension of the new suitable areas of the species. The suitable areas of the species are seldom threatened by climate change in Africa and Benin. Also, the protected areas of Benin will remain effective for the conservation of the species in the present and in the future.
Concentrations of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons N-Alkanes in Surface Seawater from The Red Sea Coast of Hodeidah City, Yemen
Authors: BA Khirbash
Published: January 2024

Field work has been carried out to identify the occurrence of oil and oil by- product pollution from the Red Sea coast of Hodeidah city, was evaluated from December, 2021 to June, 2022. Surface seawater samples were collected from four stations and extracted using standard methods. The extracts were subsequently analyzed by gas chromatography-flame ionization detection. EPH aliphatic hydrocarbon standard 14 components (C9 – C36), high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) grade solvents and analytical grade reagents used for this work. The total concentration of aliphatic hydrocarbons n-alkanes (TPH) in surface seawater samples ranged from 9400.5 μg /l at Hodeidah harbor to 2409.7 μg /l at Hodeidah Power Plant in winter and from 4880.9 μg /l at Hodeidah Harbor to 1109.1 μg /l at Hodeida Power Plant in summer. This pollution is a consequence of localized oil operation and /or heavy ship traffic. The investigations in These locations can serve as a reference for future evaluations and studies.
Potential Antiviral Herbal Therapeutics for Viral Infections
Authors: R Bhagat
Published: January 2024

Background Ayurved, an ancient system of medicine with rich heritage and antiquity, is well known since Vedic period. Viral infections are responsible for many illnesses, and recent outbreaks have raised public health concerns. Viral infections are being managed therapeutically through available antiviral regimens with unsatisfactory clinical outcomes. The refractory viral infections immune to available antiviral drugs are alarming threats and a significant health concern. For hepatitis, the interferon and vaccine therapies solely aren't ultimate solutions thanks to recurrence of hepatitis C virus. Owing to the growing incidences of viral infections and particularly of resistant viral strains, the available therapeutic modalities got to be improved, complemented with the invention of novel antiviral agents to combat refractory viral infections. It is widely accepted that medicinal plant heritage is nature gifted, precious, and fueled with the valuable resources for treatment of metabolic and infectious disorders. The aims of this review are to assemble the facts and to conclude the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants within the eradication and management of various viral diseases such as influenza, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), herpes simplex virus (HSV), hepatitis, and coxsackievirus infections, which have been proven in diverse clinical studies. The scientific literature mainly focusing on plant extracts and herbal products with therapeutic efficacies against experimental models of influenza, HIV, HSV, hepatitis, and coxsackievirus were included in the study. Pure compounds possessing antiviral activity were excluded, and plants possessing activity against viruses other than viruses in inclusion criteria were excluded. Hundreds of plant extracts with antiviral effect were recognized. On the basis of the work of several independent research groups, the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants against listed common viral diseases in the region has been proclaimed. In this context, the herbal formulations as alternative medicine may contribute to the eradication of complicated viral infection significantly. The current review consolidates the data of the various medicinal plants, holding promising specific antiviral activities scientifically proven through studies on experimental animal models. Consequently, the original research addressing the development of novel nutraceuticals based on listed medicinal plants is highly recommended for the management of viral disorders
Physico-Chemical Analysis of Murchita and Amurchita Shadanga Ghrita
Authors: L Negi
Published: January 2024

Background: Contagious diseases are the most common cause of death globally and Atisaar is one of them. More than 1 billion cases and at least 4 million deaths per year are attributed to diarrhoea worldwide. Ayurvedic literature has numerous uninvestigated medicines, Shadanga Ghrita is one of those classical herbal formulations used in the management of Atisaar, mentioned in the famous text Chakradatta. Preparation of this oleaginous dosage form is described as Sneha Kalpana, done by subjecting Ghrita to a particular pattern of heat-treated with 1/4th part Kalka (paste) and 4th part of Kwatha (decoction) of the respective drugs in equal proportion. Till date, no research work has been done on the study of Shadanga Ghrita. So the present study was planned to evaluate the Physio-Chemical analysis of Shadanga Ghrita with and without Murchana. Aim and Objective: Aim was to prepare the sample of Shadanga Ghrita with & without Murchana and to evaluate both the formulations through pharmaceutical and analytical parameters. Material and Methods: Murchana of Ghrita was done as per Bhaishajya Ratnavali Jwara-rogadhikaar & Shadanga Ghrita was prepared as per Sharangdhar Samhita. Result: All the Physico-chemical parameters of both the samples are within the reference range Conclusion: Murchita Shadanga Ghrita is better than Amurchita Shadanga Ghrita due to better taste, odor, low viscosity, high saponification & high peroxide value.
Some of the commonly used Bukusu Proverbs and their Literal Meanings in the Society
Authors: W Wanzala
Published: January 2024

Relevance: Although the Bukusu community continues to maintain a strong attachment to their culture, traditions and superstitions, there is great evidence of gradual erosion of their ethnoknowledge base and ethnopractices, including their proverbs’ custody, use and applications. Aim of the Sudy: The aim of the present study was to document proverbs from the Bukusu community and give an account of their use and application in life as a way of safeguarding endangered traditions in the society. It was envisaged that this would provide a basis for further research on their applicability cross various communities. Materials and Methods: Non-alienating, dialogic, participatory action research (PAR) and participatory rural appraisal (PRA) approaches involving a team of experts (whose knowledge of the community proverbs was beyond reproach and the so called paremiological minimum) from the Bukusu community were carefully selected and utilized based on their knowledge content and ethnopractice of the community proverbs. Results: About 132 proverbs were listed and documented and their respective detailed meanings and interpretations given and briefly discussed where necessary. These proverbs demonstrated intellectual, emotional and moral attitudes due to the truths they exemplify and the message they convey thus making communication amongst people very admirable and interesting. Conclusions: The study therefore confirms that the Bukusu have truly preserved a set of rich heritage of their proverbs anchored in the existing complex nature of various lifestyles of traditions. And further affirms that proverbs are ethnically used to give meaning to issues in life and provide teaching ethos on moral values, life experiences, speculations, interactions and skills for daily living in the society.
A Holistic Approach for Oligospermia (Kshirn Shukra) - A Review Article
Authors: P Kumar
Published: January 2024

Infertility is still a major issue in our society because of change in natural habits, food habits and living style. Infertility means inability to produce offspring after 12 months of unprotected intercourse. Where societies do not respect an infertile person, it causes major loss of self confidence and other mental and physical problem to the concerned person. Almost 15% of world population is suffering from infertility where male infertility contributes to half of the reasons. Here we had thrown light on Male infertility specifically Oligospermia due to increased number of cases in past years. Oligospermia is called as Ksheena Retas or Ksheena Shukra in Ayurveda, which means low sperm counts or sperm counts less than 15millions sperm/ml of sperm. In this article we have discussed about the cause, symptoms and management of ksheena shukra as per Ayurveda context. The main objective is to rule out the causes, dig into Ayurvedic prospective and affordable Ayurvedic treatment of Ksheena Shukra. Numerous treatment is available in allopathic medicine field but no such desirable results have been achieved as most treatment is hormonal based which do not treat disorder from its roots. Classical Ayurvedic texts like Charak samhita, Shushruta samhita, Ashtang Hridyam etc, modern textbooks, journals and different websites have been taken for studying about literature aspect. After analyzing looking into all aspects, it was concluded that Ayurvedic herbs with properties like sheeta, balya, vrishya, madhura, sheet virya, brihana and pacifies vata and also therapies which pacifies vata like basti have great effect in treating Ksheena shukra which are easily available and affordable for all divisions of society
Effects of Honey Supplementation on Sports Performance among Recreational Runners
Authors: CPF Wong
Published: January 2024

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of honey supplementation on sports performance among recreational runner. Fifteen subjects (weight: 70.1 ± 10.5 kg, height: 169.7 ± 7.9 cm; body mass index (BMI): 24.3 ± 2.8 kg.m-2) participated in this randomized-crossover study. Subjects consumed honey supplementation or placebo 1 hour prior the sports performance test. During the sports performance trial, subject performed fitness tests such as 2.4 km run, planks core strength, push-ups, and sit-ups tests. Time to complete 2.4 km run and plank core strength test were measured and recorded. The number times doing push-ups and sit-ups in one minute were counted. Pair-t test was used to determine the differences of the measured parameter between the two trials. This present study discovered honey supplementation trial has a significantly shorter time to complete 2.4 km run in comparison with the placebo trial (p<0.05). However, there was no significant improvement in the plank core strength, push-ups and sit-ups in the honey trial compared to the placebo trial (p>0.05). In conclusion, this present study discovered that honey supplementation has an ergogenic effects on 2.4 km run performance but did not enhance plank core strength, sit-ups and push-ups among recreational runner.
Science of Yoga in Bhagavad Gita: A Review
Authors: BMN Kumar
Published: January 2024

In the Indian tradition, the Moksha (Salvation) is reckoned as a super goal of life and its genuine scripture is Bhagavad Gita, but where in Yoga is the super means of all that, connecting life i.e. as a spine of the India’s mysticism. In accordance with the tradition Bhagavad Gita is known as the specific treatise of Yoga-practices along with super ethics and as its originator Lord Krishna who was become in the unknown deeper past. So the Gita is extreme holly text particularly for the Hindus communities. For the spiritual transformation of human’s life, it describes prominently two streams of Yoga- first common Path of Yoga (Indirect travelling to cosmic consciousness) and second esoteric Path of Yoga (Direct travelling to cosmic consciousness). Although the major difficulty to understand is that the Gita is codified as the formulas (Sutras), symbolic words and metaphors, so it cannot be decoded exactly by the common skill but it’s needed enlightened skill for the exact de-codification and interpretation. In order to another context, Gita discusses the “Pravitti Marga” (Path of Tantra) and along with “Nivritti Marga” (Path of Yoga) in detail. If we see the entire scenario around spirituality so the Gita has been more popular from ancient to now because of introducing the Path of devotion, Path of action and Path of knowledge. So therefore these all Yoga has discussed briefly in this review article.
Scenario of Products or Practices Claiming to be Ayurveda – Need for Awareness and their Regulation
Authors: BLR Madhavi
Published: January 2024

Ayurveda, is the ancient system of traditional medicine in India. It is a divine science dealing with having healthy life and life style. Mastering Ayurvedic practice is an art and science. Due to the popularity not only in India but abroad and relatively less number of practitioners compared to allopathic doctors, there has been concern with quacks and fake products in the name of Ayurveda. This article discusses some social malpractices (mostly related to the Indian scenario), in the name of Ayurvedic practices, mentions some deviations in implementing ayurvedic practice, highlights some Indian regulations in education and products dealing with Ayurveda, dwells on the importance of public awareness and education in order to prevent people from unknowingly being victims to malpractices under the name of Ayurveda, and suggests possible ways to regulate Ayurvedic practice
Importance of Samsarjana Krama: Review Article
Authors: B Bhouriyal
Published: January 2024

Panchakarma represents five therapeutic procedures of Shodhana. Panchakarma is always performed in three phases Purva Karma, Pradhana Karma and Paschata Karma. After Shodhana Karma, Agni gets disturbed and patient is likely to be weakened. To correct this Agni Sansarjana Krama is to be followed. The sequential order of administration of Pathya Ahara is followed in Peyadi Sansarjana Krama, Tarpanadi Krama, Rasadi Samsarjana Krama as per classics. It used to increase the Agni and to provide sequential nourishment to the patient (from light diet to normal diet). The importance of Sansarjana Karma is to increase the strength of weakened Agni and body after Shodhana Karma.