bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patellofemoral Arthritis After Lateral Patellar Dislocation: A Matched Population-Based Analysis
Authors: Sanders Thomas L. , Pareek Ayoosh , Johnson Nicholas R. , Stuart Michael J. , Dahm Diane L. , Krych Aaron J.
Published: March 2017

Background:

The rate of patellofemoral arthritis after lateral patellar dislocation is unknown.

Purpose/Hypothesis:

The purpose of this study was to compare the risk of patellofemoral arthritis and knee arthroplasty between patients who experienced a lateral patellar dislocation and matched individuals without a patellar dislocation. Additionally, factors predictive of arthritis after patellar dislocation were examined. The hypothesis was that the rate of arthritis is likely higher among patients who experience a patellar dislocation compared with those who do not.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

In this study, 609 patients who had a first-time lateral patellar dislocation between 1990 and 2010 were compared with an age- and sex-matched cohort of patients who did not have a patellar dislocation. Medical records were reviewed to collect information related to the initial injury, recurrent dislocation, treatment, and progression to clinically significant patellofemoral arthritis (defined as symptoms with degenerative changes on patellar sunrise radiographs). Factors associated with arthritis (age, sex, recurrence, osteochondral injury, trochlear dysplasia) were examined.

Results:

At a mean follow-up of 12.3 ± 6.5 years from initial dislocation, 58 patients (9.5%) in the dislocation cohort were diagnosed with patellofemoral arthritis, corresponding to a cumulative incidence of arthritis of 1.2% at 5 years, 2.7% at 10 years, 8.1% at 15 years, 14.8% at 20 years, and 48.9% at 25 years. In the control cohort, 8 patients (1.3%) were diagnosed with arthritis, corresponding to a cumulative incidence of arthritis of 0% at 5 years, 0% at 10 years, 1.3% at 15 years, 2.9% at 20 years, and 8.3% at 25 years. Therefore, patients who experienced a lateral patellar dislocation had a significantly higher risk of developing arthritis (hazard ratio [HR], 7.8; 95% CI, 3.9-17.6; P < .001) than individuals without a patellar dislocation. However, the risk of knee arthroplasty was similar between groups (HR, 2.8; 95% CI, 0.6-19.7; P = .2). Recurrent patellar dislocations (HR, 4.5; 95% CI, 1.6-12.6), osteochondral injury (HR, 11.3; 95% CI, 5.0-26.6), and trochlear dysplasia (HR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.3-10.0) were associated with arthritis after patellar dislocation.

Conclusion:

Patellar dislocation is a significant risk factor for patellofemoral arthritis, as nearly half of patients have symptoms and radiographic changes consistent with arthritis at 25 years after lateral patellar dislocation. Osteochondral injury, recurrent patellar instability, and trochlear dysplasia are associated with the development of arthritis.
Omega-3-Fortified Lipid-Based Nutrient Supplement: Development, Characterization, and Consumer Acceptability
Authors: Gaur Shashank , Sloffer Elizabeth M. , Ojha Ankur , Patra Falguni , Shukla Dharmendra , Engeseth Nicki J. , Patel Pramthesh R. , Andrade Juan E.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Incorporation of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) sources to lipid-based nutrition supplement (LNS) formulations for undernourished populations presents a challenge due to reduced shelf life and poor consumer acceptability.

Objective:

To systematically develop an omega-3-fortified LNS formulation, using flaxseed oil (FO), by optimizing its processing stability and evaluating its sensory acceptance.

Methods:

LNS formulations were formulated to yield approximately 452 kcal, 13.2 g of protein, 30 g of fat, and 53 g of carbohydrates per 100 g. Response surface methodology (RSM) with 4-factor-3-level: omega-3 fatty acid source (FO; 0%-10%), antioxidant (ascorbyl palmitate: 0.0%-0.03%), emulsifier (soy lecithin: 0.5%-1.5%), and storage time (0-6 months at 40°C) was used to optimize LNS’s functionality and storage stability. Factor effects were evaluated for peroxide value, oil separation, water activity, moisture content, hardness, and vitamin C content of the samples. Consumer acceptability was assessed using a 9-point hedonic scale.

Results:

After 6 months of accelerated storage, the addition of FO to LNS formula resulted in increased peroxide values (7.75 mEq/kg fat) and lipid separation and a reduction in vitamin C and water activity. Optimal levels to maximize storage time and FO and minimize oxidation were 0.02% antioxidant, 1.5% emulsifier, and 4.9% FO. Indian women and students accepted LNS formulations with or without FO similar to other commercial supplements.

Conclusion:

An LNS containing FO with improved omega-6/omega-3 PUFA ratio was successfully formulated with staple Indian ingredients and optimized for storage stability using RSM.
Validation de la version française de l’échelle multidimensionnelle des conduites de négligence parentale
Authors: Clément Marie-Ève , Bérubé Annie , Chamberland Claire
Published: March 2017

Objectif:

La mesure de la négligence parentale pose de nombreux défis et il existe encore peu d’outil capable de la documenter auprès des parents. L’étude vise à documenter les propriétés psychométriques de la traduction française de la version brève de l’Échelle multidimensionnelle des conduites de négligence parentale dans la population générale.

Méthode:

Cette étude utilise les données d’une enquête téléphonique réalisée auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de 3584 mères et 1202 pères d’enfants âgés entre 6 mois-4 ans, 5-9 ans et 10-15 ans. Des liens sont établis entre la négligence et plusieurs autres facteurs connus pour leurs liens avec la problématique, dont les conduites parentales à caractère violent, le stress lié au tempérament perçu difficile de l’enfant et à la conciliation travail-famille, la consommation d’alcool et de drogues, les symptômes de dépression, la pauvreté, et le soutien social.

Résultats:

Les analyses factorielles exploratoires montrent la présence de diverses dimensions de la négligence concernant les besoins affectifs/cognitifs, physiques (soins de base) et de supervision des enfants. Bien que les dimensions soient étroitement associées aux facteurs de vulnérabilité psychosociale des enfants et des familles, les coefficients de cohérence interne sont faibles, variant entre 0,20 et 0,64.

Conclusion:

Des recommandations sont émises pour améliorer la mesure dans la population générale, et notamment la dimension de supervision parentale qui pose des défis particuliers.
Prediction of Future Epilepsy in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy Who Received Selective Head Cooling
Authors: McDonough Tiffani L. , Paolicchi Juliann M. , Heier Linda A. , Das Nikkan , Engel Murray , Perlman Jeffrey M. , Grinspan Zachary M.
Published: March 2017

Epilepsy outcomes after therapeutic hypothermia for neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy are understudied. The authors used multivariable logistic regression to predict epilepsy in neonates after selective head cooling. Sensitivity analyses used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and electroencephalogram (EEG) interpretations by different clinicians. Fifty neonates had 2-year follow-up. Nine developed epilepsy. Predictors included pH ≤6.8 on day of birth (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 19 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1-371]), burst suppression on EEG on day 4 (8.2 [1.3-59]), and MRI deep gray matter injury (OR 33 [2.4-460]). These factors stratify neonates into low (0-1 factors; 3% [0%-14%] risk), medium (2 factors; 56% [21%-86%] risk), and high-risk groups (3 factors; 100% [29%-100%] risk) for epilepsy. The stratification was robust to varying clinical interpretations of the MRI and EEG. Neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy who undergo selective head cooling appear at risk of epilepsy if they have 2 to 3 identified factors. If validated, this rule may help counsel families and identify children for close clinical follow-up.
Comorbidities Might Condition the Recovery of Quality of Life in Survivors of Sepsis
Authors: Erbs Gislene C. , Mastroeni Marco F. , Pinho Mauro S. L. , Koenig Álvaro , Sperotto Geonice , Ekwaru John Paul , Westphal Glauco A.
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To assess how preexisting disabling comorbidities (DC) affect the recovery rate of quality of life (QOL) over time in sepsis survivors.

Methods:

A prospective study was conducted on sepsis survivors who answered the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) 7 days after discharge from the intensive care unit. Subsequent interviews were held at 3, 6, and 12 months. The results of the physical component score (PCS) and mental component score (MCS) of the SF-36 were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups to compare patients with DC (DC group) and without DC (no-DC group). Quantile regression was used to model changes in PCS and MCS between different time points.

Results:

Seventy-nine sepsis survivors were enrolled. After controlling for baseline age and QOL, the QOL scores were lower among patients with DC than in no-DC patients. The QOL of DC group got worse when compared to no-DC group. Recovery rate of PCS and MCS was higher in the DC group than in the no-DC group (PCS: 20.51 vs 16.96, P < .01; MCS: 19.24 vs 9.66, P < .01). Their baseline QOL was recovered only by 6 months after the sepsis episode.

Conclusion:

Quality-of-life impairment and its recovery rhythm in patients with sepsis appear to be conditioned by coexisting DC.
An automatic method for the self-referencing and operation of portable machines
Authors: Eguia Josu , Lamikiz Aitzol , Uriarte Luis
Published: March 2017

This article proposes a new method to perform the referencing procedure between the workpiece and small portable machines that can move along large parts to perform machining operations. The method is based on natural fiducials which are detected by a laser scanner and their identification in the computer-aided design file, without feature extraction. Once the usual requirements of the referencing of portable machines are studied, the method has been experimentally validated on a conventional three-axis milling machine to establish its accuracy, obtaining systematic and random errors and also its overall utility. The errors created by the experimental campaign have been studied and isolated, thus giving results that faithfully represent the proposed method. The results are compared with other state-of-the-art techniques to establish comparative accuracy values. Finally, the referencing method is expanded and integrated in an automatic working mode to operate portable machines and solve both local and distributed machining operations. To test this, the automatic method has been used to command machining operations in a conventional three-axis milling machine as it would be in portable machines to prove feasibility and overall validity.
Frustrated Expectations: Experiences of Northern Rhodesian (Zambian) Ex-Servicemen in the Post-Second World War Era
Authors: Tembo Alfred
Published: March 2017

This article examines how Northern Rhodesian ex-servicemen experienced home life after the Second World War, the problems they encountered, and the society into which they were reintegrated. Challenges faced by African veterans made them restless and discontented compared to European ex-servicemen who benefited from entrenched discriminatory racial practices. Using hitherto unexplored materials from the National Archives of Zambia, this article further argues that African ex-servicemen were preoccupied with their immediate personal well-being and not wider societal issues such as nationalism. This stands in contrast to older academic arguments that African ex-servicemen played a vital role in nationalist politics.
Bringing Spirit Back In, the Vedic Way
Authors: Roy Ramashray
Published: March 2017

The author engages with recent attempts to develop an Indian psychology and develops a strong case for a spiritual psychology. The article discusses the evolution of the science in the West to point out that spirituality fell by the wayside because modern science accepted a model of man which denies its connection with the divine. Modern Indian psychology has also adopted this approach. Vedic texts are privileged by the author to argue for the fusion of psychological science and spirituality which are seen as complementary and also to understand human psyche and consciousness better.
Factors Influencing Smallholder Farmers in Supplying Organic Fruits and Vegetables to Supermarket Supply Chains in Karnataka, India
Authors: Nandi Ravi , Gowdru Nithya Vishwanath , Bokelmann Wolfgang
Published: March 2017

Organic farmers are facing problems in finding the right buyers, resulting in high transaction costs (TCs). This study considers the integration of smallholder organic farmers in vertically coordinated supply chains and factors influencing them. The article draws transaction costs economics (TCE) to develop a model explaining potential TC attributes influencing farmer’s decision to participate in supermarket supply chains (SMSC) compared to spot market (SM) in Karnataka, India. This article uses data collected from 127 smallholder organic farmers through face-to-face interviews to identify factors that significantly influence the farmer’s decision. A binary logistic regression model was employed within the TC framework. Seven TC attributes were evaluated on farmer’s decision. The results revealed that farmers have a strong marketing preference towards SMSC. Attributes such as pre-arranging price, quantity, frequency, and access to market information and finance have significant positive influence on farmer’s decision to participate in SMSC. However, attribute payment mechanism has a negative influence. Furthermore, there are significant differences between SMSC and SM supplying groups with reference to variables distance to the market, the general state of the road and age. The results have a policy and managerial implication towards the development of organic food market in the Karnataka state, India.
Women’s Self-help Groups in the Sand Market
Authors: Bikkina Nalini , K. V. Tejo Shravya
Published: March 2017

Sand mining is a method of extracting sand for a variety of applications. As a business activity in Andhra Pradesh, it had been unregulated thus far and there have been reports of a mafia forming around it. To curb these illegal practices, the Government of Andhra Pradesh had launched an initiative of entrusting mining of sand to the women of DWCRA (Development of Women and Children in Rural Areas), to empower them by giving them a share in the earnings, to balance the ecological limitations of indiscriminate mining and to build the capacity of these self-help groups. One of the pilot projects in Gowripatnam seems to have unforeseen obstacles in the fulfilment of the stated objectives. Handling the throughput from taking orders online to timely dispatch of loads and payment of the declared compensation have not been streamlined after four months of piloting the project. The women are now looking at closing the ramp and withdrawing from the scheme.
Behavioral Ethics in Practice: Integrating Service Learning Into a Graduate Business Ethics Course
Authors: O’Brien Kevin , Wittmer Dennis , Ebrahimi Bahman Paul
Published: March 2017

Adopting a broad definition that distinguishes behavioral ethics as science and behavioral ethics in practice, we describe how service learning can be a meaningful component of a four-credit, one-quarter graduate business ethics course by blending both normative/prescriptive and behavioral/descriptive ethics. We provide a conceptual and theoretical grounding for our integration of service learning and describe how service learning is used in the course. We explain how we frame the service-learning project, the challenges we have faced, and final student reflections on the experience. Finally, we describe the assessment process used in the course. Based on the assessment of 215 students’ service-learning reflection papers, the results indicated that over 90% of students were able to make direct connections between major themes of the course and their service-learning experience. This is an indication of the efficacy of the use of service learning in teaching behavioral ethics.
Cognitive and Physiological Impacts of Adventure Activities: Beyond Self-Report Data
Authors: Bailey Andrew W. , Johann Josh , Kang Hyoung-Kil
Published: March 2017

Outdoor adventure activities have been used to facilitate a variety of positive outcomes. However, the practical challenge of collecting data in the field and a heavy reliance on self-report data render it difficult to understand the process of the experience. This study examined the association between self-reported valence and arousal and electroencephalography (EEG)-measured anxiety, focus, and approach motivation to determine the physiological and cognitive response to stressful stimuli and compare those objective measures with self-report assessments. Data were collected from 10 participants fitted with an EEG headset during rappelling. Spearman correlations and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to analyze the data. Results indicated significant changes in EEG readings for anxiety and approach motivation, and significant correlations between self-reported valence and EEG-measured approach motivation. The findings illustrated the acute internal response to a common adventure activity and demonstrated the influence of a novel challenge on the mind and body of participants. Significant changes in self-report assessments were reflected in similar changes in objective measures, indicative of the mind/body connection.
Posttraumatic Stress in Mothers Related to Giving Birth Prematurely: A Mixed Research Synthesis
Authors: Beck Cheryl Tatano , Harrison Lisa
Published: March 2017

BACKGROUND: Globally the preterm birth rate for 184 countries in 2010 was 11.1%. Preterm births can be a traumatic experience for mothers. OBJECTIVE: This article provides a mixed research synthesis of the quantitative and qualitative studies on posttraumatic stress in mothers who have given birth prematurely. DESIGN: Narrative synthesis was the mixed research synthesis approach used. RESULTS: Included in this narrative synthesis were quantitative prevalence studies ( n = 19), quantitative intervention studies ( n = 6), and qualitative studies ( n = 5). Prevalence rates ranged from 14% to 79%. Four of the intervention studies had significant results and two did not. Qualitative data synthesis revealed five themes: (a) shocked and horrified, (b) consuming guilt, (c) pervasive anxiety and hypervigilance, (d) intrusive thoughts, and (e) numbing and avoiding reminders. CONCLUSIONS: Women’s traumatic experiences of preterm birth are clearly important issues for psychiatric nurses to address.
Quality stability and sensory attributes of apple juice processed by thermosonication, pulsed electric field and thermal processing
Authors: Sulaiman Alifdalino , Farid Mohammed , Silva Filipa VM
Published: March 2017

Worldwide, apple juice is the second most popular juice, after orange juice. It is susceptible to enzymatic browning spoilage by polyphenoloxidase, an endogenous enzyme. In this study, Royal Gala apple juice was treated by thermosonication (TS: 1.3 W/mL, 58 ℃, 10 min), pulsed electric field (PEF: 24.8 kV/cm, 60 pulses, 169 µs treatment time, 53.8 ℃) and heat (75 ℃, 20 min) and stored at 3.0 ℃ and 20.0 ℃ for 30 days. A sensory analysis was carried out after processing. The polyphenoloxidase activity, antioxidant activity and total color difference of the apple juice were determined before and after processing and during storage. The sensory analysis revealed that thermosonication and pulsed electric field juices tasted differently from the thermally treated juice. Apart from the pulsed electric field apple juice stored at room temperature, the processed juice was stable during storage, since the pH and soluble solids remained constant and fermentation was not observed. Polyphenoloxidase did not reactivate during storage. Along storage, the juices’ antioxidant activity decreased and total color difference increased (up to 6.8). While the antioxidant activity increased from 86 to 103% with thermosonication and was retained after pulsed electric field, thermal processing reduced it to 67%. The processing increased the total color difference slightly. No differences in the total color difference of the juices processed by the three methods were registered after storage. Thermosonication and pulsed electric field could possibly be a better alternative to thermal preservation of apple juice, but refrigerated storage is recommended for pulsed electric field apple juice.
Testing a Resilience Training Program in Police Recruits: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ramey Sandra L. , Perkhounkova Yelena , Hein Maria , Bohr Nicole L. , Anderson Amanda A.
Published: March 2017

Background:

Stress from multiple sources is inherent in law enforcement. However, it is possible to modify responses to stress with resilience training that includes teaching techniques to modify emotional and physical responses to stress, interface with mental health professionals, and practice sessions to improve self-regulation of responses to stress including coherence, a measure of heart rate variability. A gap exists in the research, however, regarding evaluation of the duration of effects after the initial resilience training.

Method:

Subjects included ( N = 34) recruits enrolled in summer 2015 at the Milwaukee Police Academy. An experimental design was used to compare recruits who received resilience training to recruits in the control group.

Results:

No statistically significant differences between the groups were found for self-reported measures of stress and resilience. For the treatment group ( n = 17), change in coherence was significant ( p < .001) and improvement in the Personal Organizational Quality Assessment Emotional Buoyancy subscale correlated significantly with the number of practice sessions ( r = .63, p = .01) and marginally with change in coherence ( r = .47, p = .07).

Conclusion:

Results confirm several significant effects of resilience training with recruits.
Green synthesis and tribological behaviors of three novel benzothiazole-derived borate esters as lubricant additives in mineral oil
Authors: Tang Zhongping , Sun Lingguo , Wang Jiangbing , Fan Fengqi
Published: March 2017

Three ashless and nonphosphorus benzothiazole-derived borate esters were synthesized by a halide-free green synthesis method. The results show that the hydrolytic stability and tribological characteristics have been significantly improved. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the morphologies of the rubbing surfaces. X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy was also adopted to investigate the thermal films and tribofilms of the synthesized additives. The analysis results indicate that the thermal films are mainly composed of FeSO4 and B2O3, while the tribofilms consist of the components of FeS, FeSO4, and B2O3.
Technology, Embodiment, and Affect in Voice Sciences
Authors: Vallee Mickey
Published: March 2017

This article is interested in ‘voice imaging’ as a technical field through which people experience new relations between organic and inorganic forms of life. Grounded in a study of voice imaging in historical and contemporary scientific research, the article applies and expands on Bernard Stiegler’s ‘General Organology’, with an eye to understanding the voice as a dynamic capacity for volition. By exploring the scientific research into voice imaging, the article argues that the voice, as a cultural image, is an imaginary organ that transgresses the boundaries of technological, biological, physical, psychological, social and cultural frameworks.
Left and right populism compared: The British case
Authors: March Luke
Published: March 2017

This article represents one of the few systematic comparisons of left-wing populism with other populisms. Focussing on the manifestos of six British parties in 1999–2015, the findings confirm that left-wing populists are more socio-economically focussed, more inclusionary but less populist than right-wing populists. The article makes four main substantive contributions. First, empirically, it shows that the much-touted populist Zeitgeist in the United Kingdom barely exists. Second, methodologically, it provides a nuanced disaggregated populism scale that has advantages over existing methods because it can effectively distinguish populist from non-populist parties and analyse degrees of populism. Third, theoretically, it shows that host ideology is more important than populism per se in explaining differences between left and right populisms. Fourth is a broader theoretical point: what is often called ‘thin’ or ‘mainstream’ populism’ is not populism but demoticism (closeness to ordinary people). Therefore, analysts should not label parties ‘populist’ just because their rhetoric is demotic.
A practice approach to the study of news production
Authors: Ryfe David M
Published: March 2017

Among news production scholars, interest in the theories of Bourdieu, Giddens, Latour, and related authors has grown in the last 20 years. However, few have recognized that these theories contribute to a broader practice perspective in social theory that traces back to the writings of Heidegger, and more directly, to Wittgenstein. In this essay, I outline four basic elements of this approach that are shared across these theories. Among these elements is the notion that social action is organized into discrete practices, and that these practices are produced and reproduced in their performance by individuals. I then assess the practice scholarship in the sociology of news in the context of these elements. I show that while a great deal of research has focused on news practices, relatively little has investigated journalistic performance. Thus, the field has not exploited, as well as it might, the panoply of tools and concepts developed by practice theorists.
Is the European Union too complicated? Citizens’ lack of information and party cue effectiveness
Authors: Pannico Roberto
Published: March 2017

Previous literature suggests that citizens lack information about European Union politics and need party cues to develop attitudes toward European Union issues. This process would make party positions the cause rather than the consequence of voters’ preferences, reducing the accountability of the political elite. The article tests the premise of this top-down model investigating how issue complexity and citizens’ political knowledge affect party cue effectiveness. The results from both experimental and observational data show that party influence is higher among less knowledgeable citizens. Moreover, well-informed voters have autonomous opinions on easy issues, but they rely on party cues when facing harder ones. Given the low availability of information about European Union politics and the high complexity of the debated issues, parties appear largely able to shape voters’ attitudes.
Perceived Social Determinants of Health Among Older, Rural-Dwelling Adults with Early-Stage Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Mattos Meghan K , Burke Lora E , Baernholdt Marianne , Hu Lu , Nilsen Marci L , Lingler Jennifer H
Published: March 2017

Limited access to resources and delayed detection of subtle cognitive changes may negatively impact the long-term cognitive health of rural-dwelling adults. This study explored perceived social determinants of health among older, rural-dwelling adults with early-stage cognitive impairment. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with older, rural-dwelling adults with early-stage cognitive impairment and their care partners. Thematic content analysis was performed. Participants ( n = 9) were 73.7 ± 6.0 years of age with 14.2 ± 3.1 years of education; care partners ( n = 10) were 70.9 ± 7.4 years of age with 15.6 ± 2.3 years of education. Data analysis revealed six themes: Staying active, Eating well, Living with cognitive changes, Living rural, Connecting with neighbors and community, and Relying on children. Dyads’ depictions of perceived social determinants of health focused on the adoption of a healthy lifestyle, description of relationships, and advantages of living in a rural area. Emergent themes may be used to promote adoption of self-management and prevention behaviors, particularly lifestyle changes.
Dementia and Clinical Interaction in Frontline Radiography: Mapping the Practical Experiences of Junior Clinicians in the UK
Authors: Miller Paul K , Booth Lisa , Spacey Adam
Published: March 2017

This paper reports findings from a study of the practical experiences of junior diagnostic radiographers in the UK when managing patients with dementia. Extended semi-structured interviews with six participants (mean experience in diagnostic radiography = 3.5 years) were analysed using interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings highlight that participants’ recurrently cited lack of confidence around their knowledge of dementia, and regular treatment of the condition as a ‘generic’ thing in practice, had sometimes damaged clinical interaction, particularly when the participant was feeling institutional time pressures. Education for new professionals was seen as lacking in both quantity and context-relevance, with implications for professional confidence and ethical practice. Carers and family members were viewed by participants as potentially positive and negative forces within an examination context, and technological advances in radiography were taken to be clinically advantageous but also actively detrimental to the effective interpersonal care of their patients.
Gender on the Run: Wanted Latinas in a Southern California Barrio
Authors: Flores Jerry , Camacho Ariana Ochoa , Santos Xuan
Published: March 2017

Recent research on systems of social control has demonstrated how African American men who live in segregated neighborhoods are disproportionately affected by their legal standing, especially in their attempts to avoid imprisonment when “on the run.” However, missing from this analysis is the inclusion of how the intersection of race, class, gender, and other identities shape our understanding of being “on the run.” Building on work in this area, we focus on the unique and understudied experiences that young Latinas face while attempting to avoid rearrests and recidivism within a working-class Latina/o barrio.
Numerical investigation of explosive bare charge equivalent weight
Authors: Grisaro Hezi Y , Edri Idan E
Published: March 2017

Peak overpressure and impulse are the most important parameters in the explosive performance estimation. Available models commonly consider trinitrotoluene explosive as the standard charge. In this article, the trinitrotoluene equivalency factor is studied through verified one-dimensional numerical simulations. The equivalency factors for impulse and overpressure are different and found to be constant with the scaled distance (3–40 m/kg1/3), which means that a unique value for the equivalency factor is suitable for the equivalency factor calculation for each distance. Comparison of the equivalency factor with available models shows that it strongly depends on the internal energy ratio of the explosive in interest, relative to trinitrotoluene, and a new formula for equivalency factor for overpressure is proposed. A verified simulation method is presented in which the explosive is modeled with an equivalent “air bubble” with the same internal energy and ideal gas equation of state. A new approach using the energy flux density calculation is presented to calculate the equivalency factor for impulse and overpressure from a single gauge measurement of overpressure-time history, at a specific distance.
Negative Afterimages From Flicker-Augmented Colors
Authors: Anstis Stuart
Published: March 2017

A patch that alternates between two hues such as dark green and light blue looks greenish on a light gray surround and bluish on a dark gray surround (“flicker-augmented contrast”). Thus, when an edge alternates between two hues in the same location, the visual system selects the more salient hue—the one with the higher Michelson contrast. However, the afterimage is the same pink, driven by the time integral of the physical, not the perceptual, adapting hues and regardless of the surround luminance. So the process of edge biasing does not transfer to the mechanism that creates afterimages.
Do the Works of the Nationalist–Ideological Philosophers Undermine Hume’s and Kant’s Ideas About Race?
Authors: Nwosimiri Ovett
Published: March 2017

As a response to the question posed in the title, this article presents a critical assessment of how the works of the nationalist–ideological philosophers can be seen as evidence against David Hume’s and Immanuel Kant’s ideas of race. Hume and Kant have certain ideas about race; if these ideas are true, then there is—and indeed, can be—no African philosophy. But there is African philosophy—that of nationalist–ideological philosophy; therefore, Hume’s and Kant’s ideas about race are incorrect.
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms and Breakup Distress During Early Emerging Adulthood
Authors: Shulman Shmuel , Seiffge-Krenke Inge , Scharf Miri , Lev-Ari Lilac , Levy Gil
Published: March 2017

Breakups are a normative and frequent part of the romantic experience. In this longitudinal study, we followed 144 adolescents (mean age = 16.57) for a period of 4 years and examined the extent to which level of depressive symptoms predicts the intensity of breakup distress during emerging adulthood and, further, the extent to which breakup distress reported during emerging adulthood is associated with the quality of a current romantic relationship. The findings suggest that higher levels of depressive symptoms during adolescence can lead to more difficulty in recovering from breakup in early emerging adulthood. In addition, experiencing greater breakup distress during emerging adulthood was associated with greater difficulty in handling a current romantic relationship. This association was, however, found only among women. The gender distinctive reaction to breakup distress among emerging adults is discussed.
Hip Capsular Closure
Authors: Chahla Jorge , Mikula Jacob D. , Schon Jason M. , Dean Chase S. , Dahl Kimi , Menge Travis James , Turnbull Travis L. , Soares Eduardo , LaPrade Robert F. , Philippon Marc J.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Iatrogenic instability can result after hip arthroscopy due to capsular insufficiency, which can be avoided with an effective closure of the hip capsule. There is currently no consensus in the literature regarding the optimal quantity of sutures upon capsular closure to achieve maximal stability postoperatively. The objective of this study was to determine the strength of one-, two-, and three-suture constructs for hip capsular closure to resist external rotation and extension following a standard anterosuperior inter-portal capsulotomy (12 to 3 o’clock). Additionally, the degree of external rotation at which the suture constructs failed was recorded.

Methods:

Nine pairs ( n = 18) of fresh-frozen human cadaveric hemi-pelvises underwent anterosuperior inter-portal capsulotomies, which were repaired with one, two, or three side-to-side sutures. Each hip was secured in a dynamic, biaxial testing machine and underwent a cyclic external rotation preconditioning protocol followed by external rotation to failure ( Figure 1 ). The non-parametric version of the BIBD ANOVA analysis (Durbin test) was used to assess the primary hypothesis that different suture numbers are associated with different torque capacities. When the omnibus Durbin test was statistically significant, post-hoc comparisons were made using Conover’s method, and the Holm-Bonferroni method was used to control the type-1 error. Group medians and ranges were reported. Significance was set at p < 0.05. [Figure: see text]

Results:

The failure torque of a one-suture hip capsular closure construct was significantly less than the three-suture construct. The failure torque for the one-suture construct was 67.4 N-m (range: 47.4 - 73.6 N-m). For two sutures, the failure torque was 85.7 N-m (range: 56.9 - 99.1 N-m) and for three sutures the failure torque was 91.7 N-m (range: 74.7 - 99.0 N-m). Repair constructs exhibited 36º (range: 22° - 64°) of external rotation at failure torque.

Conclusion:

The most important finding of this study was that three sutures provided the strongest biomechanical construct, demonstrating a median maximum torque of nearly 91.7 N-m. A three-suture construct was significantly stronger than one suture; however, there was not a significant difference between two- and three-suture constructs. Additionally, constructs failed at approximately 35° of external rotation, providing an important guideline for appropriate rehabilitation to protect the capsular repair in the early postoperative period. Reestablishing the native anatomy of the hip capsule following hip arthroscopy has been reported to result in improved outcomes and reduce the risk of iatrogenic instability. Therefore, an adequate capsular closure is important to restore proper hip biomechanics, and postoperative precautions limiting external rotation should be utilized to protect the repair. [Figure: see text]
Incidence and Return to Play after Biceps Tenodesis in Major League Baseball Players
Authors: Chalmers Peter Nissen , Erickson Brandon J. , Verma Nikhil N. , Romeo Anthony A.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Superior labral anterior-posterior (SLAP) tears are a common source of inability to play among baseball players of all levels. SLAP repair is unpredictable and thus biceps tenodesis (BT) has been proposed as an alternative. Furthermore, tenodesis may be indicated for pain isolated to the biceps tendon. The incidence of BT among professional baseball players is unknown, as are the rates of return to play (RTP). The purpose of this study was to determine RTP rates after BT among professional baseball players.

Methods:

Major League Baseball (MLB) has maintained a prospective database containing all major and minor league baseball players who have undergone shoulder surgery since 2010. Using this database we determined the incidence, demographics, position, prior surgical history, concomitant procedures, RTP rates, time to RTP, and performance upon RTP for professional baseball players following BT. Minimum follow-up was 2 years.

Results:

Between 2010 and 2013, 17 professional baseball players underwent BT, of which 71% were pitchers, and 29% were in the major league. Forty-seven percent had a history of prior shoulder surgery and 47% underwent concomitant labral repair. Overall RTP after BT was 35%. RTP for isolated BT was 44% in 0.8±0.5 years while RTP for those who underwent both BT and labral repair was 25% (p=0.620). All players who RTP were able to return to at least ten games at their pre-operative level of play. Return to professional play was significantly more common among position players than pitchers (80% vs. 17%, p=0.028). RTP was less common among players with prior shoulder surgery, but this was not statistically significant (56% vs. 13%, p=0.131). For those players who did RTP, pre-operative and post-operative performance was unchanged.

Conclusion:

Professional baseball players who undergo biceps tenodesis have a 35% rate of return to their prior level of play. While pitchers have only a 16% rate of return to play, position players have an 80% rate of return to play. Furthermore, 100% of those who returned to baseball played at least 10 games at their pre-operative level with no significant change in performance statistics. Professional baseball players who choose to undergo biceps tenodesis should be counseled regarding the low rates or return to play. Pitchers in particular may have a poor prognosis following tenodesis. However, given the small sample size and concomitant procedures, further study is needed before definitive conclusions can be made.
Determining the Patient Acceptable Symptomatic State for Patients Undergoing Arthroscopic Partial Meniscectomy in the Knee
Authors: Zochowski Thomas , Dwyer Tim , Ogilvie-Harris Darrell , Theodoropoulos John S. , Whelan Daniel B. , Murnaghan Michael Lucas , Wasserstein David , Gillis Jennie , Chahal Jaskarndip
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

Arthroscopic partial meniscectomy is one of the most commonly performed procedures in orthopaedic surgery. However, information on the threshold at which patients consider themselves to be well for patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) after this surgery remains limited. Our goal was to determine the patient acceptable symptomatic state (PASS) for the Knee Injury and Osteoarthritic Outcome Score (KOOS), the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Form, the Western Ontario Meniscal Evaluation Tool (WOMET) and the Marx Activity Scale (MAS) in patients with knee meniscal pathology who treated with partial knee meniscectomy.

Methods:

A consecutive series of patients with knee meniscal pathology treated with arthroscopic partial meniscectomy plus or minus intra-articular debridement were eligible. Other inclusion criteria were: a Kellegren-Lawrence Grade of 0-2, and ligamentous integrity. The KOOS (0-100, 5 subscales), IKDC (0-100), WOMET (0-100) and MAS (0-16) were administered at baseline and 12 months postoperatively. An external anchor question at 1 year postoperatively was utilized to determine PASS values: “Taking into account all the activities you have during your daily life, your level of pain, and also your functional impairment, do you consider that your current state is satisfactory?” A receiver operator curve analysis was used to determine the PASS value at which patients considered their status to be satisfactory.

Results:

There were 115 patients (mean ± SD age, 53.8 ± 12.0 years), and 57.3% were male. Based on a receiver operator curve analysis, the PASS values - at which patients considered their status to be satisfactory - at 1 year after surgery were 43 (KOOS-symptoms subscale), 83 (KOOS-pain subscale), 84 (KOOS-functions of daily living subscale), 75 (KOOS-function, sport and recreational activity subscale), 56 (KOOS-quality of life subscale), 56 (IKDC), 61 (WOMET), 7 (MAS). The PASS threshold was not affected by baseline scores across the different instruments and there was no relationship between baseline score and likelihood of achieving the PASS. Age and sex were not significantly related to the odds of achieving the PASS for any of the PROMs.

Conclusion:

This is the first study to determine PASS in four commonly used knee-related PROMs in patients undergoing arthroscopic partial meniscectomy. The findings can allow researchers and clinicians to determine if partial meniscectomy is meaningful to patients and will be helpful for responder analysis in future trials related to knee arthroscopy and the treatment of meniscal pathology.
Chondral Defect Repair with Particulated Juvenile Cartilage Allograft
Authors: Belkin Nicole , Burge Alissa , Chang Brenda , Williams Riley J.
Published: March 2017

Objectives:

To evaluate the functional outcomes and morphologic appearance of repair tissue in patients with symptomatic knee articular cartilage defects treated with minced juvenile articular cartilage (DeNovo NT).

Methods:

Thirty-four patients underwent treatment of cartilage defects of the knee with minced juvenile articular cartilage allograft. Mean postoperative follow up was 33.6 months. MRIs were obtained at 24-months (16 patients) and 48-months or greater (13 patients). MRIs were evaluated for greyscale cartilage repair assessment score and quantitative T2 mapping. Baseline clinical outcome scores (IKDC, ADL, Marx Activity Rating Scale) were obtained prior to surgery, and at a minimum follow up interval of 24-months.

Results:

The mean IKDC and ADL scores significantly improved following surgery. The magnitude of improvement in IKDC scores was 30 (Std Dev 31). The Marx activity Rating Scale score demonstrated a resumption of pre-operative activity levels, Figure 1a . Donor age had no significant effect on functional outcomes scores of treated patients. MRI assessment revealed greater than 66% lesion fill (a score of 2) in 80% of patients. A trend toward significance in difference in % lesion fill was observed when patients were grouped according to donor age ≤ 5 vs. > 5 years (p = 0.09), Figure 1b . Lesion fill did not correlate with functional outcome score. Using one-way analysis of variance with post-hoc testing, a significant difference was found between T2 mapping of the deep zones of the graft and normal cartilage (p=0.003), Table 1 . [Figure: see text][Table: see text]

Conclusion:

Functional outcome scores significantly improved in patients treated with minced juvenile articular cartilage (De Novo NT) for the treatment of symptomatic articular cartilage lesions of the knee. Activity levels, as noted by the Marx Activity Scale were preserved. Morphologic analysis demonstrated greater than 66% lesion fill in 80% of the patients studied. T2 mapping demonstrated the sensitivity to assess differences between repair tissue and native cartilage.
Introduction of a Surgical Navigator in the Perioperative Process Improves Patient Satisfaction
Authors: Marshall Brett G , Assef Maija S , Pitney Ryan B , Macco Maria CJ , Tschoeke Bradley M , Oksa Marcus A , Yeatman Amy
Published: March 2017

Background:

Patients who had received surgical services at Bellin Hospital reported anxiety with the surgical flow. This study tested the hypothesis that the introduction of a surgical navigator, someone who guided the patient and their accompanying others throughout the surgical process, would improve patient satisfaction.

Methods:

Ambulatory surgical patients were randomized to control and study groups. The study group patients were assigned a surgical navigator. Prior to discharge from the hospital, patients were asked to complete a patient satisfaction survey.

Results:

The study group had significantly higher mean scores ( P value ≤ 0.026), top box scores ( P value ≤ 0.021), and positive comments.

Conclusion:

The addition of a surgical navigator to the perioperative process significantly enhanced patient satisfaction in ambulatory surgical patients.
Parent training and joint engagement in young children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Killmeyer Susan , Kaczmarek Louise
Published: March 2017

Children are diagnosed at increasingly earlier ages with autism spectrum disorder, characterized by diminished levels of social orienting and engagement. Parent-mediated interventions incorporating the use of responsive parent behaviors have shown promise for use with young children with autism spectrum disorder to increase a variety of social-communication behaviors. This study examined the manner in which parents acquired and used a set of responsive parenting techniques with their young children with fidelity and investigated the associations of fidelity use of these techniques with changes in child joint engagement outcomes. Although parents began the training phase demonstrating low levels of responsive parenting behaviors, they acquired and implemented a specific set of responsive parent techniques with their children with ongoing fidelity, and the use of these techniques was collaterally associated with increased levels of joint engagement in two of the three participant children. Implications for research and practice are discussed.