bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HETEROFOR 1.0: a spatially explicit model for exploring the
response of structurally complex forests to uncertain future
conditions. I. Carbon fluxes and tree dimensional growth
Authors: Jonard Mathieu , André Frédéric , de Coligny François , de Wergifosse Louis , Beudez Nicolas , Davi Hendrik , Ligot Gauthier , Ponette Quentin , Vincke Caroline
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Given the multiple abiotic and biotic stressors resulting from global changes, management systems and practices must be adapted in order to maintain and reinforce the resilience of forests. Among others, the transformation of monocultures into uneven-aged and mixed stands is an avenue to improve forest resilience. To explore the forest response to these new silvicultural practices under a changing environment, one need models combining a process-based approach with a detailed spatial representation, which is very rare. We therefore decided to develop our own model (HETEROFOR) according to a spatially explicit approach describing individual tree growth based on resource sharing (light, water and nutrients). HETEROFOR was progressively elaborated through the integration of various modules (light interception, phenology, water cycling, photosynthesis and respiration, carbon allocation, mineral nutrition and nutrient cycling) within CAPSIS, a collaborative modelling platform devoted to tree growth and stand dynamics. The advantage of using such a platform is to use common development environment, model execution system, user- interface and visualization tools and to share data structures, objects, methods and libraries. This paper describes the carbon-related processes of HETEROFOR (photosynthesis, respiration, carbon allocation and tree dimensional growth) and evaluates the model performances for a mixed oak and beech stand in Wallonia (Belgium). This first evaluation showed that HETEROFOR predicts well individual radial growth and is able to reproduce size-growth relationships. We also noticed that the more empirical options for describing maintenance respiration and crown extension provide the best results while the process-based approach best performs for photosynthesis. To illustrate how the model can be used to predict climate change impacts on forest ecosystems, the growth dynamics in this stand was simulated according to four IPCC climate scenarios. According to these simulations, the tree growth trends will be governed by the CO2 fertilization effect with the increase in vegetation period length and in water stress also playing a role but offsetting each other.
Assimilation of wide-swath altimetry observations to correct large-scale river routing model parameters
Authors: Emery Charlotte M. , Biancamaria Sylvain , Boone Aaron , Ricci Sophie , Rochoux Mélanie C. , Pedinotti Vanessa , David Cédric H.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Land surface models combined with river routing models are widely used to study the continental part of the water cycle. They give global estimates of water flows and storages but not without non-negligible uncertainties; among which inexact input parameters have a significant part. The incoming Surface Water and Ocean Topography (SWOT) satellite mission, with a launch schedule for 2021, will be dedicated to measure water surface elevations, widths and surface slopes of rivers larger than 100 meters at global scale. SWOT will provide a significant amount of new data for river hydrology and they could be combined, through data assimilation, to global-scale models in order to correct their input parameters and reduce their associated uncertainty. The objective of this study is to present a data assimilation platform based on the asynchronous ensemble Kalman filter (AEnKF) that assimilates synthetical SWOT observations of water elevations to correct the input parameters of a large scale hydrologic model over a 21-day time window. The study is applied on the ISBA-CTRIP model over the Amazon basin and focuses on correcting the spatial distribution of the river Manning coefficients. The data assimilation algorithm, tested through a set of Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE), is able to retrieve the true value of the Manning coefficients within one assimilation cycle most of the time and shows perspectives in tracking the Manning coefficient temporal variations. Ultimately, in order to deal with potential bias between the observed and the model bathymetry, the assimilation of water elevation anomalies was also tested and showed promising results.
Effect of disdrometer type on rain drop size distribution
characterisation: a new dataset for Southeastern Australia
Authors: Guyot Adrien , Pudashine Jayaram , Protat Alain , Uijlenhoet Remko , Pauwels Valentijn R. N. , Seed Alan , Walker Jeffrey P.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Knowledge of the full rainfall Drop Size Distribution (DSD) is critical for characterising liquid water precipitation for applications such as rainfall retrievals using electromagnetic signals and atmospheric model parameterisation. Southern Hemisphere temperate latitudes have a lack of DSD observations and their integrated variables. Laser-based disdrometers rely on the attenuation of a beam by falling particles and is currently the most commonly used type of instrument to observe the DSD. However, there remain questions on the accuracy and variability in the DSDs measured by co-located instruments wether identical models, different models or from different manufacturers. In this study, raw and processed DSD observations obtained from two of the most commonly deployed laser disdrometers, namely the Parsivel1 from OTT and the Laser Precipitation Monitor (LPM) from Thies Clima, are analysed and compared. Four co-located instruments of each type were deployed over 3 years from 2014 to 2017 in the proximity of Melbourne, a region prone to coastal rainfall in Southeast Australia. This dataset includes a total of approximately 1.5 million recorded minutes, including over 40,000 minutes of quality rainfall data common to all instruments, equivalent to a cumulative amount of rainfall ranging from 1093 to 1244 mm (depending on the instrument records) for a total of 318 rainfall events. Most of the events lasted between 20 and 40 min for rainfall amounts of 0.12 mm to 26.0 mm. The co-located LPM sensors show very similar observations while the co-located Parsivel1 systems show significantly different results. The LPM recorded one to two orders of magnitude more smaller droplets for drop diameters below 0.6 mm compared to the Parsivel1, with differences increasing at higher rainfall rates. The LPM integrated variables showed systematically lower values compared to the Parsivel1. Radar reflectivity-rainfall rate (ZH-R) relationships and resulting potential errors are also presented. Specific ZH-R relations for drizzle and convective rainfall are also derived based on DSD collected for each instrument type. Variability of the DSD as observed by co-located instruments of the same manufacturer had little impact on the estimated ZH-R relationships for stratiform rainfall, but differs when considering convective rainfall relations or ZH-R relations fitted to all available data. Conversely, disdrometer-derived ZH-R relations as compared to the Marshall-Palmer relation ZH =200R1.6 led to a bias in rainfall rates for reflectivities of 50 dBZ of up to 21.6 mm h−1. This study provides an open-source high-resolution dataset of co-located DSD to further explore sampling effects at micro-scale, along with rainfall microphysics.
Assessment of Near 0 °C Temperature and Precipitation Characteristics
across Canada
Authors: Mekis Eva , Stewart Ronald E. , Theriault Julie M. , Kochtubajda Bohdan , Bonsal Barrie R. , Liu Zhuo
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The 0 °C temperature threshold is critical to many meteorological and hydrological processes driven by melting and freezing in the atmosphere, surface and sub-surface and by the associated precipitation varying between rain, freezing rain, wet snow and snow. This threshold, linked with freeze-thaw, is especially important in cold regions such as Canada. This study develops a Canada-wide perspective on near 0 °C conditions with a particular focus on the occurrence of its associated precipitation. Since this analysis requires hourly values of surface temperature and precipitation type observations, it was limited to 92 stations over the 1981–2011 period. In addition, nine stations representative of various climatic regions are selected for further analysis. Near 0 °C conditions are defined as periods when the surface temperature is between −2 °C and 2 °C. Near 0 °C conditions occur often across all regions of the country although the annual number of days and hours and the duration of these events varies dramatically. Various forms of precipitation (including rain, freezing rain, wet snow and ice pellets) are sometimes linked with these temperatures with highest fractions tending to occur in Atlantic Canada. Trends of most temperature-based and precipitation-based indicators show little or no change despite a systematic warming in annual temperatures. Over the annual cycle, near 0 °C temperatures and precipitation often exhibit a pattern with short durations near summer driven by the diurnal cycle, while longer durations tend to occur more towards winter associated with storms. There is also a tendency for near 0 °C temperatures to occur more often than expected relative to other temperature windows; due at least in part to diabatic cooling and heating occurring with melting and freezing, respectively, in the atmosphere and at the surface.
Stability analysis of bicycles by means of analytical models with increasing complexity
Authors: Doria Alberto , Roa Sergio , Muñoz Luis
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The basic Whipple-Carvallo bicycle model for the study of
stability takes into account only geometric and mass properties. Analytical
bicycle models of increasing complexity are now available, they consider
frame compliance, tire properties, and rider posture. From the point of view
of the designer, it is important to know if geometric and mass properties
affect the stability of an actual bicycle as they affect the stability of a
simple bicycle model. This paper addresses this problem in a numeric way by
evaluating stability indices from the real parts of the eigenvalues of the
bicycle's modes (i.e., weave, capsize, wobble) in a range of forward speeds
typical of city bicycles. The sensitivity indices and correlation
coefficients between the main geometric and mass properties of the bicycle
and the stability indices are calculated by means of bicycle models of
increasing complexity. Results show that the simpler models correctly
predict the effect of most of geometric and mass properties on the stability
of the single modes of the bicycle. Nevertheless, when the global stability
indices of the bicycle are considered, often the simpler models fail their
prediction. This phenomenon takes place because with the basic model some
design parameters have opposite effects on the stability of weave and
capsize, but, when tire sliding is included, the capsize mode is always
stable and low speed stability is chiefly determined by weave stability.
Numerical Bifurcation Methods applied to Climate Models:
Analysis beyond Simulation
Authors: Dijkstra Henk A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. In this special issue contribution, I provide a personal view on the role of bifurcation analysis of climate models in the development of a theory of climate system variability. The state-of-the-art of the methodology is shortly outlined and the main part of the paper deals with examples of what has been done and what has been learned. In addressing these issues, I will discuss the role of a hierarchy of climate models, concentrate on results for spatially extended (stochastic) models (having many degrees of freedom) and evaluate the importance of these results for a theory of climate system variability.
The Impact of Upwelling on the Intensification of Anticyclonic
Ocean Eddies in the Caribbean Sea
Authors: van der Boog Carine G. , Pietrzak Julie D. , Dijkstra Henk A. , Brüggemann Nils , van Westen René M. , James Rebecca K. , Bouma Tjeerd J. , Riva Riccardo E. M. , Slobbe D. Cornelis , Klees Roland , Zijlema Marcel , Katsman Caroline A.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. The mesoscale variability in the Caribbean Sea is dominated by anticyclonic eddies that are formed in the eastern part of the basin. These anticyclones intensify on their path westward while they pass the coastal upwelling region along the Venezuelan and Colombian coast. In this study, we used a regional model to show that this westward intensification of Caribbean anticyclones is driven by the advection of cold upwelling filaments. These dense filaments are advected by the anticyclones, leading to an increase of the horizontal density gradients at the western side of the anticyclones. Following the thermal wind balance, the increased density gradients result in an increase of the vertical shear of the anticyclones and to their westward intensification. To assess the impact of variations in upwelling on the anticyclones, several simulations were performed in which the northward Ekman transport (and thus the upwelling strength) is altered. As expected, stronger (weaker) upwelling is associated with more stronger (weaker) offshore cooling and a more (less) westward intensification of the anticyclones. The simulations with weaker upwelling show farther advection of the Amazon and Orinoco River plumes into the basin. The dispersion of the river plumes affects the formation process of the anticyclones, where the horizontal density gradients were mainly determined by the salinity gradients of the river plume and not by temperature gradients that were associated with upwelling.
Poor performance of a common crevasse model at marine-terminating glaciers
Authors: Enderlin Ellyn M. , Bartholomaus Timothy C.
Published: June 2019

Abstract. Crevasses are both affected by and effect stresses and surface mass balance of glaciers, potentially exerting important controls on meltwater routing, glacier viscosity, and iceberg calving, yet there are few direct observations of crevasse depth. Here we assess one of the most common models for crevasse formation, in which crevasse depths depend on the local stress state, through analysis of 52644 crevasse depth observations from 19 Greenland glaciers. We find that modeled depths are uncorrelated with observed depths and are generally too deep. Model performance can be improved with glacier-by-glacier tuning of viscosity and water depth parameters, but spatial variations in tuning parameters are unlikely to have a physical basis, and the model still fails to capture smaller-scale variations in crevassing that may control calving. Thus, numerical ice flow models drawing on this parameterization are likely to yield inaccurate projections of glacier mass change or crevasse depth-driven terminus position changes.
Influence of Sea Ice Anomalies on Antarctic Precipitation Using Source Attribution
Authors: Wang Hailong , Fyke Jeremy , Lenaerts Jan , Nusbaumer Jesse , Singh Hansi , Noone David , Rasch Philip
Published: June 2019

Abstract. We conduct sensitivity experiments using a climate model that has an explicit water source tagging capability forced by prescribed composites of sea ice concentrations (SIC) and corresponding SSTs to understand the impact of sea ice anomalies on regional evaporation, moisture transport, and source–receptor relationships for precipitation over Antarctica. Surface sensible heat fluxes, evaporation, and column-integrated water vapor are larger over Southern Ocean (SO) areas with lower SIC, but changes in Antarctic precipitation and its source attribution with SICs reflect a strong spatial variability. Among the tagged source regions, the Southern Ocean (south of 50° S) contributes the most (40 %) to the Antarctic total precipitation, followed by more northerly ocean basins, most notably the S. Pacific Ocean (27 %), S. Indian Ocean (16 %) and S. Atlantic Ocean (11 %). The annual mean Antarctic precipitation is about 150 Gt/year more in the “low” SIC case than in the “high” SIC case. This difference is larger than the model-simulated interannual variability of Antarctic precipitation (99 Gt/year). The contrast in contribution from the S. Ocean, 102 Gt/year, is even more significant, compared to the interannual variability of 35 Gt/year in Antarctic precipitation that originates from the S. Ocean. The horizontal transport pathways from individual vapor source regions to Antarctica are largely determined by large-scale atmospheric circulation patterns. Vapor from lower latitude source regions takes elevated pathways to Antarctica. In contrast, vapor from the Southern Ocean moves southward within the lower troposphere to the Antarctic continent, so the contribution of nearby sources also depends on regional coastal topography. The impact of sea ice anomalies on regional Antarctic precipitation also depends on atmospheric circulation changes that result from the prescribed composite SIC/SST perturbations. In particular, regional wind anomalies along with surface evaporation changes determine regional shifts in the zonal and meridional moisture fluxes that can explain some of the resultant precipitation changes.
Use of some biostimulants to improve the growth and chemical constituents of sweet pepper
Authors: Maraei Rabab , Eliwa Noha , Aly Amina
Published: June 2019

The experiment was conducted during two successive seasons 2016 and 2017 on sweet pepper plants to study the effect of foliar application of some natural extracts (fulvic acid at 2, 4 and 6% or algae at 1, 2 and 4 g.L-1) were applied three times along each season (after 2, 4 and 6 weeks of planting). The influence was evaluated through the response of vegetative growth, and some physical and chemical characteristics of sweet pepper fruits. The results obtained showed that the algae extract at 1 g.L-1 in most cases was better than the other spray treatments investigated to improve most fruit characteristics (length, diameter and yield of fruits), vegetative growth, and chemical properties followed by 6% fulvic acid. With regard to organic acids, malic and citric acids are the main organic acids found in sweet pepper. Malic, succinic and glutaric acids were higher in 1 g.L-1 algae extract treatment, but the concentration of citric acid was higher in 6% fulvic acid treatment. Therefore, algae extract and fulvic acid could be safely recommended as a natural biostimulants application for improving most desirable characteristics of sweet pepper grown under the same experimental condition.
Metaphors in Political Discourse in Kenya: Unifying or Divisive?
Authors: Otieno Raphael Francis
Published: June 2019

Metaphor has been viewed as a tool that is used in political discourse to structure human thought. In the structuring function of metaphor, it is assumed that there is a similarity between the source and the target domains. However, the similar structure in the target domain does not always exist before the metaphor is coined (Lakoff & Turner, 1989). Rather, the metaphor can create the similar structure in the target domain. The politicians’ reference to war, religion, business and animals among others, therefore, serves to structure and limit the thought of the electorates to view politics from certain perspectives. The basic argument in this study is, therefore, that metaphors are ingrained in our conceptual faculties and play a significant role in structuring our thought patterns in politics. The structuring through metaphor can, however, either be positive and/or negative. In other words, the structuring could either be unifying or divisive. As Rozina (2001:12) asserts, ‘…political discourse is primarily focused on persuading people to take specified political actions or to make crucial political decisions.’ Using the Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT) and Critical Metaphor Analysis (CMA), this study investigated the extent to which metaphors in political discourse in Kenya create, reflect or symbolize the values of national unity and inclusiveness enshrined in the Constitution of Kenya. The study found that both positive and negative axiological values are present in metaphors in political discourse in Kenya. However, the negative axiological value overrides the positive value.
Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps): Its Effect on the Academic Performance of Student-Beneficiaries in Calaba National High School in the Philippines
Authors: Flores Marc Jon Santiago , Espinoza Christine Alaine B , Enrico Harold C , Casimiro Rosemarie R
Published: June 2019

This study measured and evaluated the effect of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps) on the academic performance of the student-beneficiaries of Calaba National High School, Calaba, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija in the Philippines. Survey questionnaires were distributed to ninety five 4Ps student beneficiaries who were purposively selected based on the following criteria: 4Ps beneficiary, enrolled in Calaba National High School at the time of data gathering, and willingness to participate in the study. Analysis of all collected data revealed the significant effect of the program to the performance of student beneficiaries especially in motivating students to attend classes. The result also supports Vroom’s Expectancy Theory which assumes that the students’ efforts, performance, and behavior are influenced by the importance they place on the desired outcome. In this case, to satisfy the conditionalities and remain eligible for the cash grant which have positive effect on the socio-economic status of their family. Based on the findings, it is therefore recommended that the scope of the program be extended especially that two years have been added to the secondary education; livelihood programs be intensified to provide family-beneficiaries with additional income; and for the concerned agencies and authorities to review the existing budget and disbursement schemes to prevent delay in the release of grants. The increase in the school attendance of students and the diminished drop-out rate indicates the program’s positive effect on the lives of the beneficiaries.
Rural-Urban Migration in Nigeria, Implication on the Development of the Society: Anambra State as the Focus of the Study
Authors: Nweke Anselem C.
Published: June 2019

This paper examines the implication of rural- urban migration on Nigeria Society using Anambra state as focus of the study. Cities have been growing both through natural increase and through stampede from rural areas in Nigeria. People migrate to urban areas based on the prevailing conditions they fund themselves and the reasons for the migration vary from one individual to another depending on the situation that informs the decision to migrate. In most rural areas, the effect of rural-urban migration was a rapid deterioration of the rural economy leading to poverty and food scarcity. The cause of the phenomenon has been described as the push factors in the rural areas and the pull factors in the urban areas. The objective of this paper is to identify the implication of rural-urban migration on Nigeria society. It is a survey research. Thus, 1200 questionnaire were distributed among the selected local governments in Anambra State. The analysis was run using Runs test and mode analysis. The result of the analysis found the effect of people migrating from rural areas to urban centres on the society to include: increase in prostitution in the urban centres; increase in squalor settlement in the urban centres; and people are doing all sorts of odd jobs in order to survive in urban centres. The paper therefore recommends that the government should make and implement a policy on provision of functional social amenities such as electricity, pipe borne water etc. in the rural areas. Good schools and qualified teachers should be made available in the rural areas and establishment of industries in both rural and urban areas that will to an extent accommodate unemployed youths.
Recording Graffiti in the Black Desert: Past, Present, and Future
Authors: Macdonald Michael C. A. , Al-Manaser Ali
Published: June 2019

Between the last century BC and the fourth century AD the nomads of the basalt deserts of southern Syria, Jordan, and northern Saudi Arabia learnt to read and write for the only time in their history before the present day. They covered the desert rocks with tens of thousands of graffiti, which tell us much about their way of life, their society, their relations with each other, with the Romans, Nabataeans, and others, and their personal feelings. However, there have been few systematic surveys to record them. Instead, many expeditions have moved from landmark to landmark, making hand copies or photographs of only some of the texts and no accurate record of their exact location. This has resulted in the loss of a great deal of data and this article explains the need for systematic and complete surveys of this material, which is of great importance historically, linguistically, and ethnologically.
La terapia electroconvulsiva y su vigencia en la atención psiquiátrica
Authors: González José Luis
Published: June 2019

No hay resúmenes disponibles

Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 74-77
Validación de escalas para la investigación
Authors: Artola Arita Vicente , Ramírez Rudy , Romero Ángel
Published: June 2019

No hay resúmenes disponibles

Alerta Año 2018, Vol. 1 No. 2: 78-80
Identificación de Lactobacillus sp con potencial probiótico a partir de sustrato fermentado de yuca (Manihot esculenta)
Authors: Urbina Orozco Roger Antonio , Guerrero Montenegro Kels Rahomi , Mejía Tinoco Wendell Antonio , Sánchez Gómez Isaías Ezequie , Hernández Blandón Jannin Ronaldo
Published: June 2019

En Nicaragua sistemas de producción pecuaria se ven afectados por la baja disponibilidad de alimento y agua en la época seca, ocasionando el aumento de enfermedades y desnutrición, afectando directamente los parámetros productivos y reproductivos del hato. De igual forma para contrarrestar este tipo de situaciones entra el uso de antibióticos de uso profi láctico, terapéuticos y promotores de crecimientos capases de eliminar patógenos y actuar de manera drástica sobre la fl ora microbiana necesaria para el funcionamiento del aparato digestivo además de infl uir en la acumulación de residuos en los productos fi nales de importancia para los consumidores. El género lactobacillus representa un alto potencial biotecnológico, estas bacterias contribuyen al desarrollo de características organolépticas de los alimentos y generan un ambiente poco favorable para el desarrollo de microorganismos patógenos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identifi car mediantes pruebas in vitro las especies de Lactobacillus con potencial probiotico procedentes de sustrato fermentado de yuca. Mediante las pruebas bioquímicas se identifi caron dos lactobacillus sp, L. casei y L. Brevis. Las especies de Lactobacillus previamente identifi cadas fueron sometidas la prueba de resistencia a diferentes niveles de pH, mostrando resistencia a las condiciones acidas. La prueba de antagonismo microbiano frente E. Coli ATCC 25922 y Salmonella sp, demostraron presencia de halos de inhibición, indicando acción antimicrobiana sobre el crecimiento de los patógenos. Las especies de L. casei y L. Brevis fueron sensibles a los antibióticos Trimetropim Sulfametaxona y oxitetraciclina al realizar la prueba de sensibilidad. Estos resultados demuestran que las cepas identifi cadas pueden ser utilizadas como probiótico en la alimentación de los animales o como inoculante en el proceso de ensilaje.
A Study of Accounting Outsourcing Decision: The Case of Malaysian SMEs
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Chuan Thee Kok , Mansori Shaheen
Published: June 2019

Nowadays the costs of doing business have been increased and become more competitive than before. Hence, many organizations have been thinking to outsource activities which are not the core competence of the organization such as finance and accounting, information technology, human resources, and any other back-office activities. This research provides an understanding of the factors influencing of the organization intends to outsource the finance and accounting activities decision for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. The research uses a qualitative exploratory and explanatory method. The qualitative data collected via individual interviews with Malaysia Small and Medium Enterprises’ decision makers and a higher level of management group which comprises of individual or organizations. The results suggest that Malaysian SMEs would shorten their decision-making process to make a business process outsource if they can see the success story of other organizations.
The Importance of Green Energy Consumption and Agriculture in Reducing Environmental Degradation: Evidence From Sub-Saharan African Countries
Authors: Zandi Gholamreza , Haseeb Muhammad
Published: June 2019

In recent period of energy focus countries have paid more consideration to the argumentative topic of green energy in both developed and developing economies. Renewable energy is also called green energy. It is described as the energy that is collected by renewable bases of wind, waves, geothermal, sunlight, heat and rain etc. and gives least harm to the nature and environment. The rapid placing of green energy is providing a noteworthy economic profit, energy security and environment change mitigation. Therefore, this current research investigates the association of green energy consumption with environmental degradation by utilizing panel data of 35 sub-Saharan African countries from 1995 to 2017. Moreover, we utilize the advanced panel techniques to investigate the cross-section independence. We also apply CIPS unit root test, Westerlund (2007) bootstrap cointegration, Panel Pedroni and Kao co-integration, FMOLS, DOLS and heterogeneous panel causality methods. The results confirm that all factors are connected in the long-term period. The outcomes also explain that the green energy utilization has a negative impact on environmental hazards and support to decrease environmental hazards. Likewise, globalization has a positive and significant effect on environmental hazards. Also, the agriculture productions also play a significant and positive impact on environmental degradation. Finally, the heterogeneous panel causality confirms a bi-directional causal relationship between green energy consumption and environmental degradation in all sub-Saharan African countries. This current research offers valuable strategy suggestions for the management and the policymakers.
Religious and Socioeconomic Implications of Islamic Insurance: A Review
Authors: Rahman Nursyuhadah Abdul , Osman Zurul Aisya , Ani Nur Syairah , Ahmad Zulkarnian
Published: June 2019

In this paper, our purpose is to evaluate religious and socioeconomic implication of Islamic insurance to the society. Islamic insurance i.e. takaful is a form of protection and wealth preservation method based on the principles of mutual cooperation, encompassing the elements of Shari’ah compliancy such as prohibitions of riba (interest/usury), gharar (uncertainty) and maysir (gambling), while upholding the virtue of mudharabah (profit sharing), wakalah (trusted agency), tabarru’ (donation/charity) and ta’awun (cooperation). Recently, there are numerous literatures on religious and socioeconomic realms with regards to takaful industry due to the financial product being widely accepted in the modern day. In addition, contemporary scholars made various efforts to study the legality and feasibility of takaful as an alternative to the conventional insurance. Within the legality and feasibility of takaful, it is essential to recognize its implications to the society. As such, this paper reviews the implications of takaful products within the context of religious duty and spiritual fulfilment, at the same time towards the socioeconomic attainment. The finding of this paper embodies that takaful industry indeed substantially influence the religious and socioeconomic behavior, hence influence the society in making decision with regards to protection of their life, family as well as preservation of their wealth. Besides, this paper outlines the benefits and pitfalls of takaful which open the door for improvement. Nonetheless, this paper limits itself to the implications in general context, hence it provides space for a more focused setting in the near future. On the other hand, as this paper is evaluative in nature, review process is done via analysis of the current literature from academic papers, journals and books obtained via library and online research databases.
Study of the Spillover Effect on Sport to Chinese Regional Economic Development
Authors: Jiang Huijun , Choi Myeong Cheol , Leng Xinke
Published: June 2019

Sports development can lead to the emergence of external economies, which forms part of the spillover effects on regional economic growth under certain conditions. This study uses a sample of 31 provinces in China from 2008–2012 to construct a panel data model to examine the role of sports development in the regional economic growth in the C-D function. The results indicate that sports development indeed brings a good incentive effect to the economy in all areas, which suggests a spillover effect of Chinese sports development that stimulates regional economic growth, but this spillover effect reflects a greater difference between different regions. Overall, Hebei, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, and Sichuan have the highest coefficient of sports investment on economy, but Jilin is relatively weak.
The Impact of Young Celebrity Endorsements in Social Media Advertisements and Brand Image Towards the Purchase Intention of Young Consumers
Authors: Ahmad Arman Hj , Idris Izian , Mason Cordelia , Chow Shenn Kuan
Published: June 2019

Introduction: The power of young celebrities and brand image in influencing young consumers are becoming more relevant in the marketing and advertising of products and services of the plethora of brands we have in the twenty-first century. Businesses and brands use young celebrities to endorse their products to appeal more towards younger consumers. This research investigates the impact of young celebrity endorsements in social media advertisements and brand image towards the purchase intention of young consumers.Methodology: The theoretical framework from Shimp’s TEARS Model of celebrity endorsement is derived from 4 research studies and the variables were tested using 5-point Likert scale on a sample of 282 respondents who are young consumers, aged between 13 to 18 years old. All respondents were recruited using stratified sampling technique and data were analyzed using SmartPLS. The results derived from the data analyses conducted highlights eight main findings.Results: From the TEARS Model, similarity and respect has an influence on celebrity endorsement in social media whereas expertise, physical attractiveness and trustworthiness do not influence celebrity endorsement in social media. Brand image and celebrity endorsement in social media also found to be significant antecedents for the purchase intention. These findings will provide insights to marketer of businesses who requires to understand the attributes of young celebrity endorsements on social media advertisements that will appeal to young consumer. In this technological era, businesses build their brand image via investing in advertising; especially in social media advertising and celebrity endorsements.Recommendations: Following the current findings of the insignificance of expertise, physical attractiveness, and trustworthiness of the celebrity endorsers towards young consumers; marketers should look into similarity and respect qualities of their young celebrity endorsers if they would like to appeal their brands and products to pique the interests of young consumer which now become one of the major group of consumers in the world.
Categorização, cognição e o estilo de vida g0y
Authors: Sá-Teixeira Nuno
Published: June 2019

A categorização é fundamental para o nosso pensamento, nossa percepção, ação e posicionamento no mundo. Todas as vezes que percebemos algo como um tipo de coisa, ou como parte de alguma coisa, estamos a categorizar e a recorrer ao uso de processos cognitivos. Nessa perspectiva, as novas categorias homoeróticas na contemporaneidade surgem de que axiomas? O que é gay, o que é g0y (g-zero-y) e o que não é? Bem como, qual é a fronteira desses conceitos com o comportamento masculino heteroflexível? São questões instigantes sob o enfoque da cognição, da categorização; e, com base em verificação ontológica, este artigo enfatiza o papel de validação exercido pela “confirmação” e “desconfirmação" das crenças acerca de categorias mais fluidas de comportamentos sexuais masculinos que podem estar externalizados. Nesse âmbito, registra-se que não se encontra na proposição g-zero-y erros sejam no sentido da redundância, de inconsistência interna, de partição ou de circularidade conceptual.
Uma leitura psicanalítica da gravidez na adolescência
Authors: Dias Amanda Carvalho , Okamoto Mary Yoko
Published: June 2019

Tanto a gestação quanto a adolescência são vividas de diferentes formas nos diversos contextos sociais e culturais. A partir da constituição familiar que a adolescente se sentirá mulher em determinados grupos. Buscamos entender o desejo pela gestação e o lugar ocupado pelo filho no imaginário materno, e assim, compreender quais ideias de ego familiar constituíram-se em torno da filiação e como se construíram em suas vidas. Para isso, realizamos entrevistas semidirigidas e elaboramos uma Linha do Tempo Familiar com seis gestantes de 14 a 18 anos. A análise destas nos mostrou a gestação na adolescência como um desejo e uma possibilidade de ascensão social. O filho traz a esperança da reconstrução das vivências infantis das entrevistadas e a sensação de segurança e vínculo inabalável. Com isso, reafirmamos a necessidade de uma reformulação nos projetos sociais para a população de baixa renda, que considere os jovens globalmente, possibilitando-lhes autonomia e reflexões.
Diferenças nas práticas parentais de pais e mães e a percepção dos filhos adolescentes
Authors: Maia Fátima De Almeida , Soares Adriana Benevides
Published: June 2019

O estudo objetivou comparar a percepção das práticas parentais de pais e mães com a percepção dos filhos sobre essas práticas. Participaram 154 estudantes do 6º ano, com idades entre 9 a 15 anos (M = 11,5; DP = 0,8), 29 pais e 125 mães. Foi utilizado o Inventário de Estilos Parentais (IEP). Foram encontradas diferenças nas médias das percepções de mães, pais e da percepção dos filhos sobre o estilo parental dos pais e mães. As mães avaliaram seu estilo parental de forma mais positiva, enquanto os pais avaliaram seu estilo de forma mais negativa, em comparação à percepção dos filhos. Os resultados refletem a importância da função parental exercida por mães e pais em famílias majoritariamente não nucleares indicando que as práticas positivas podem desenvolver habilidades sociais que valorizem os vínculos estabelecidos entre pais e filhos e estimulem interações sociais futuras mais relevantes.
O pedágio no Paraná: lei permissiva e contrato forte
Authors: Colombo Irineu Mario
Published: June 2019

Este artigo apresenta a ambientação política que impulsionou a aprovação de um Projeto de Lei na Assembleia Legislativa do Paraná, pelo governo paranaense no ano de 1995, que resultou na concessão à iniciativa privada dos principais trechos de rodovias no Paraná. Aponta para os detalhes da tramitação, das votações, dos encaminhamentos e avalia o mérito da proposta, analisando a conjuntura em que foi votada, sob a hegemonia do pensamento neoliberal, e suas consequências para os usuários das rodovias paranaenses pedagiadas. Apresenta-se, ainda, uma avaliação técnica e política do tema pedágio até 2015 e compara o caso do Paraná com os leilões de pedágios nas rodovias federais, concluindo que a lei foi permissiva e o contrato com as empresas foi muito seguro juridicamente. Pautando-se para tal pesquisa no viés analítico-comparativo.
Avaliação das variáveis que influenciam a inserção das empresas exportadoras de Umuarama no comércio internacional
Authors: Dalla Nora Carlos José , Schneider Miriam Beatriz
Published: June 2019

O presente artigo pretende avaliar as variáveis que influenciam a inserção das empresas exportadoras de Umuarama-PR no comércio internacional. Buscou-se responder se as variáveis que influenciam a inserção das empresas exportadoras de Umuarama-PR, no comércio internacional, estão ligadas a variáveis externas ou internas à economia brasileira. Para o levantamento de tais variáveis foram realizadas entrevistas com empresários exportadores de Umuarama que forneceram 24 variáveis que podem influenciar as exportações. Destas, 11 obtiveram maior peso e com elas fora aplicado o método de Matriz de Impactos Cruzados e Multiplicação Aplicadas a uma Classificação (MICMAC©). As variáveis que mais dificultam a inserção das empresas exportadoras de Umuarama no comércio internacional foram: dificuldade de acesso à informação, o custo Brasil e a taxa de exportação, todas ligadas a aspectos internos ao país. As variáveis que possuem o maior nível de dependência foram: dificuldade de intercâmbio entre o Brasil e os demais países do Mercosul e falta de políticas específicas para exportação. As principais dificuldades que as empresas de Umuarama enfrentam para inserção no comércio internacional estão relacionadas a problemas estruturais do próprio país, poucas foram as variáveis externas.
Medium-sized cities and income concentration in Paraná: the inverted curve of Kuznets
Authors: Raiher Augusta Pelinski , Hilgemberg Emerson Martins , Hilgemberg Cleise Tupich , Freitas Junior Adirson Maciel de , Barros Pedro Henrique Batista de
Published: June 2019

Este artigo investiga a relação entre desigualdade e o crescimento econômico dos municípios de porte médio do Paraná. Para isso, verifica-se a existência de convergência da distribuição da renda e a aplicabilidade da hipótese de Kuznets para esses municípios nos anos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Este trabalho utilizou a metodologia aplicada por Andrade e Serra (2001), que consideraram como municípios de porte médio aqueles que apresentaram uma população entre 50 e 500 mil habitantes no ano de 2010. Para a análise da convergência e da hipótese de Kuznets, estimativas econométricas em dados de painel foram elaboradas. Os principais resultados indicam que nos municípios de porte médio do Paraná há evidência de um processo de convergência da distribuição de renda, além do que a hipótese de Kuznets se confirma, na qual afirma que a distribuição de renda e o crescimento relacionam-se no tempo seguindo o formato de um “U” invertido.
Content of Heavy Metals in Soil and in Pineapple Fertilized With Sewage Sludge
Authors: Junio Geraldo R. Zuba , Sampaio Regynaldo A. , Fernandes Luiz A. , Pegoraro Rodinei F. , Maia Victor M. , Cardoso Paulo H. S. , Sousa Izabelle de P. , Vieira Iago T. R.
Published: June 2019

The usage of sewage sludge in agriculture can increase the levels of heavy metals in the soil, compromising their use as fertilizer. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contamination of soil and pineapple by heavy metals after the application of treated sewage sludge by different forms in three orders of soils under greenhouse conditions. The treatments, in a factorial scheme 7 × 3 were distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replications, corresponding to seven fertilization management: soil without fertilization, chemical fertilization, fertilization with composted sludge sewage, fertilization with vermicompost sewage sludge, fertilization with solarized sewage sludge, fertilization as sewage sludge dried in a Bruthus-Albrecht rotary sludge dryer and fertilization with limed sludge sewage, combined with three orders of soils: Cambisol, Nitisol and Acrisol. The Zn, Cu, Cr, Pb, Ba, Cd, Ni, As and Se contents were analyzed in the soil, in the leaf of greater length (D leaf) and in the fruit pulp of the pineapple. The Acrisol provided more favorable conditions to the increase in the availability and absorption of Pb and As by D leaf and fruit of the pineapple. Fertilization with composted, vermicompost and solarized sewage sludge provided high levels of Pb, As, Zn in leaf D and in the pineapple fruit, relating the interference of sludge stabilization process with the absorption of metals by pineapple fruits.
Standard Area Diagram Set for Bacterial Spot Quantification in Entire-Margined Leaves of Sour Passion Fruit
Authors: Costa Anne Pinheiro , Peixoto José Ricardo , Blum Luiz Eduardo Bassay , Oliveira Alexandre Bosco de , Castro Ana Paula Gomes de , Pires Márcio de Carvalho
Published: June 2019

This study developed and validated a standard area diagram set (SADs) to aid in the estimation of bacterial spot (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. passiflorae) severity in entire-margined leaves of sour passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims). The SADs consisted of eight severity levels (3; 6; 12; 25; 50; 77, and 88%). For its validation, 20 raters, who initially estimated the disease severity without the aid of the SADs, were divided into groups (G1 and G3, inexperienced; G2 and G4, experienced). Subsequently, G1 and G2 performed the second evaluation without the SADs, and G3 and G4 completed the second evaluation using the proposed SADs. The accuracy and precision of the assessments were determined by simple linear regression and by the Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient. The increase in accuracy was confirmed by the 80% constant error-free estimates (G3 and G4) and 100% (G3) and 80% (G4) systematic error-free estimates when the SADs was used. Precision increased with the increase in the coefficient of determination, the reduction in absolute errors, and the increase in the reproducibility of the estimates between pairs of raters. Inexperienced raters benefited the most from the use of the SADs. The increase in the accuracy and precision in the non-aided groups, when present, was less pronounced than those increments observed in the SADs-aided groups. The Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient confirmed the increased accuracy and precision detected by the linear regression analysis and indicated increased agreement between the estimated and actual values of disease severity in the SADs-aided groups.
Managing Whitefly on Soybean
Authors: Arnemann Jonas A. , Pozebon Henrique , Marques Rafael P. , Ferreira Dener R. , Patias Leonardo S. , Bevilaqua Júlia G. , Moro Daniela , Forgiarini Sarah E. , Padilha Guilherme , Campos João V. L. , Guedes Jerson V. C. , Feltrin Natalie , Carli Cristiano de , Sturmer Glauber R. , Ferreira Paulinho E. R.
Published: June 2019

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius, 1889) is a major pest species in soybean, leading to severe economic losses on this crop due to the difficulties involved on its management. Previously restricted to the Middle-west and Southeast regions of Brazil, whitefly infestations have steadily increased in the Southern state of Rio Grande do Sul, the third biggest soybean growing region of the country. Control failures and scarcity of updated information have led Brazilian soybean growers to raise excessively the number of sprays per crop season, increasing control costs and jeopardizing the long-term sustainbility of this strategy due to selection of resistant strains and potential harmful effects on the environment. The aim of this work was to evaluate the performance of different chemical insecticides in the control of B. tabaci nymphs and adults on soybean crops in two different sites, under the field conditions faced by the growers in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. The most efficient treatment for the control of B. tabaci adults was cyantraniliprole + lambda-cyhalothrin, at the doses of 100 + 7.5 g a.i. ha-1, which provided 65% of average control efficiency. As for nymph control, the most efficient treatment was acetamiprid + pyriproxyfen, at the doses of 60 + 30 g a.i. ha-1, which resulted in 67% of whitefly control in average. Two sequential sprays beginning at the infestation onset are recommended in order to enhance control efficiency.