bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en la Educación Superior Argentina: identidades juveniles, diversidad cultural y políticas públicas
Authors: Ossola María Macarena , Vieira Ricardo
Published: March 2017

La Educación Intercultural Bilingüe (EIB) constituye un modelo pedagógico que se esfuerza por tomar en consideración los aspectos culturales y lingüísticos de los educandos, a los fines de garantizar una formación rigurosa y a la vez acorde con los contextos sociales de aprendizaje. En América Latina, la EIB se aplica principalmente en contextos formativos que incluyen a las minorías autóctonas, es decir, los pueblos indígenas. En el caso particular de Argentina, la EIB está garantizada como modalidad del sistema educativo nacional (Ley de Educación Nacional 26.206). Sin embargo, su aplicación se encuentra restringida a los niveles de escolaridad inicial, primaria y secundaria, quedando la educación superior por fuera de sus alcances. Este artículo examina la elaboración y ejecución de una medida de inclusión educativa en la Universidad Nacional de Salta (Salta, Argentina), como así también las redefiniciones de la misma a partir de la apropiación activa que realizan jóvenes universitarios indígenas. Desde una perspectiva antropológica se presenta: la reconstrucción de las etapas del vínculo mantenido entre la Universidad y los estudiantes indígenas, el contraste entre los modelos de inclusión educativa que son delineados por los gestores universitarios y los espacios de participación disputados por los jóvenes en el marco de la puesta en práctica de políticas de inclusión. Por último, en las reflexiones finales se discuten los sentidos asociados a la Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en este estudio de caso.
A metodologia “maiêutica recíproca” di Danilo Dolci
Authors: Benelli Caterine
Published: March 2017

Danilo Dolci foi um educador-comunicador que contribuiu para o desenvolvimento social das classes menos favorecidas por meio de uma metodologia de educação para a paz,  para o diálogo e de luta (não-violenta) pelos Direitos Humanos em época e lugares difíceis: trata-se da Sicília dos anos cinquenta do século XX. Dolci, em quase cinquenta anos de atividade educativa e social no território local, nacional e internacional, promove um método educativo e busca, através da investigação de fundo, pesquisar a verdade e a justiça e, ao mesmo tempo, o uso do dispositivo pedagógico definido por Dolci como “maiêutico-recíproco”: método para a promoção da emancipação da comunidade e do direito de todos à palavra, sem exceção. Uma metodologia educativa e social, como a de Dolci, nos recorda o compromisso de Don Lorenzo Milani na sua escola de Barbiana e, ao mesmo tempo, a educação como conscientização de Paulo Freire no Brasil.Palavras-chave: Direito à voz; formação recíproca; emancipação da comunidade.
Attitude of School Teachers of Dooars Region of West Bengal towards Elementary Education
Authors: Ghosh Gour Sundar , Deb Prasenjit
Published: March 2017

Teachers are one of the most important components in education system. Apart from teaching learning, teachers are directly involved towards mental, physical, moral, spiritual, and psycho-social development of the students. This study conducted in Jalpaiguri, a Sarva Shiksha Mission (SSM) district of West Bengal to evaluate and assess the level of achievement earned by the Elementary Teachers from the SSM. While the level of attitude of school teachers towards elementary education (Y) had been the dependent/predictor character (Y), the contributory factors had been Age (X1), Education of teachers (X2), Training Experience (X3), Year of Experience (X4), Engagement in other activity (X5), Family Income (X6), Social Participation (X7), Interaction with Head Teacher (X8), Interaction with School Inspectors (X9), Interaction with SSM Personnel (X10), Organizational Interfacing (X11), Involvement in SSM activities (X12), Value Judgement (X13), Response about SSM activities (X14), Use of TL Materials (X15), Exposures to Media (X16), and Opinion about present education system (X17). The statistical analysis illustrated that while the variables: like (1) Education of teachers (X2), Engagement in other activity (X5), Family Income (X6), Social Participation (X7), Interaction with Head Teacher (X8), Use of TL Materials (X15) had wielded a substantive effect on the determining level of attitude of school teachers towards elementary education (Y) and (2) variables: like Year of Experience (X4), Interaction with Head Teacher (X8) have been found to exercise significant regressional effect on the level of attitude of school teachers towards elementary education (Y).
A Sociological Study of Health Consciousness among the Senior Citizens: With Special Reference to Radhey Green Colony of Dayalbagh Area of Agra City
Authors: Thenua Birpal Singh
Published: March 2017

Health is one of the most important assets of human being and can be viewed as prerequisite for individual and national development. It is popular saying in Indian Society since ancient times ‘Health is the wealth’. It is true even today. The expansion of Yoga, meditation and modern health technology through mass-media, people are being more and more aware toward their health. Our government is also aware for wellbeing of health of our every individual including senior citizens. Senior citizens are the assets and heritage of our society as they have a long experience of socio-economic, cultural and environment issues. Society cares their health and lives and makes them conscious towards their health. Their health depends on their consciousness. But the health consciousness among senior citizens is a complex phenomenon and heterogeneous process determined by a number of physical, emotional, biological and socio-cultural factors. It is a subjective mental attention toward one’s health, hygiene and environment.  
Use of Remote Sensing Radar Techniques for Oil and Gas O&G Facilities Survey in Offshore Domain for Environment and Exploration: Oil Slicks Detection and Interpretation Seeps and Spill
Authors: Miegebielle V. , Dubucq D. , Taillandier C. , Angeliaume S.
Published: March 2017

Airborne and spaceborne radar remote sensing means are used in an operational context for oil slicks detection. Indeed, the oil layer above the surface of the sea will dampen the so-called "capillarity waves" which are the origin of the sea surface roughness. The objective of this paper is to present remote sensing technologies and methodologies developed within Total to detect and cope with oil slicks issues in the off shore domain, in collaboration with ONERA The works realized in this domain will be presented through ‘field cases’ as well as R&D results, related to the emergence of new techniques, made in collaboration with the ONERA. We work in particular on the evaluation of the most relevant polarimetric parameters for slicks detection and characterization. We are also interested in the use of the various radar frequencies (X, L Bands…) for the detection, characterization and the estimation of relative thickness. Finally, in case of significant leakage, we will present ‘Spill Watch’, the internal procedure, activated to follow and to predict oil slick drift to determine areas where antipollution teams must intervene.

The availability of numerous data images, in particular ESA Sentinel-1 A and Sentinel 1-B satellite data, free access data, open new perspectives in the monitoring field.

The need for the oversight of our operations and the surveillance of our installations can be now covered with an important repetitiveness thanks to the high frequency of acquisitions of this new type of data as a complement to commercial data (Cosmo SkyMed, Radarsat, TerraSarX…) programmed and acquired by SAR operators. Today, the possibility of daily satellite acquisition in any defined area of the world thanks to satellite constellations, allows to set up a systematic oil production facilities monitoring for: –Detecting hydrocarbon leaks and their recurrence (rejecting look alike such as algal blooming wind and current effects…)–Locate the source of the slick relative to the location of O&G infrastructures–Identify and discriminate possible origins of the slicks : natural seeps, spill linked to oil facilities, boat emptying of fuel tanks–Evaluate leak magnitude and their evolution with time (drifting)

The teams need constant refinement of these tools because of the importance of the issue and the support for Environment and Exploration domains [1]. A major research program has been initiated to improved reliability of detection methods, discrimination and why not quantification… of oil slicks including SAR and optical technologies, calibration on real data and software development.
Different Equivalent Simulation Methods for Fractured-Vuggy Carbonate Gas Condensate Reservoirs
Authors: Yong Li , Baozhu Li , Qi Wang , Xingliang Deng
Published: March 2017

Multi-scale pores, fractures, vugs and caves are developed in the naturally fractured-vuggy carbonate gas condensate reservoirs in China. How to properly forecast the performance of this kind of reservoirs based on reservoir simulation is a major challenge. This paper documents some of the key elements involved in construction of a representative and equivalent numerical model for this kind of reservoirs.

Base on the characteristic of fractured-vuggy gas condensate reservoirs in China, different kind of reservoir patterns are identified. And three equivalent simulation methods are proposed in order to characterize the complex vug-fracture-cave architecture. Take T1 fractured-vuggy carbonate gas condensate reservoir in China for example. The deterministic modeling and simulation method is used for large cave pattern reservoir. While for the other kinds of reservoirs, different simulation models include fine single porosity model, dual porosity model with different modeling method. And the different models are all built in both structured and unstructured grid, among which the single porosity fine unstructured grid model is considered as the correct solution. But simulation time of the fine single porosity model is too long to use for the practical full filed simulation. While it brings certain errors if the other models used compared to the fine single porosity model, and dual porosity model with structured gridding are selected as the equivalent simulation method. Then through matching the simulation results of fine single porosity model, the pseudo-relative-permeability curve, the pseudo-capillary-pressure curve and the composition transport coefficients are established for the dual porosity model. Finally, the generated pseudo-curves are applied for the equivalent simulation of full field T1 reservoir.

This equivalent simulation method has been successfully applied to T1 carbonate gas condensate reservoir, which are verified by the actual reservoir performance. It also provide a method for reservoir development strategy optimization, which are also used in T1 optimization development plan later.
Wettability Estimation by Surface Complexation Simulations
Authors: Erzuah Samuel , Fjelde Ingebret , Omekeh Aruoture Voke
Published: March 2017

Accurate wettability estimation is essential in optimizing oil production, because it controls the fluid phase distribution and flow properties in the reservoir. The ionic composition of the brine, the oil chemistry and the mineralogy of the reservoir rock are believed to have weighty effect on the wettability. In this study, the objective was to estimate the wettability by Surface Complexation Modelling (SCM). The simulation results were confirmed by the findings from their corresponding wettability estimation using the flotation technique. Quartz, kaolinite and calcite minerals were selected for this study because they dominated the compositions of the studied reservoir rock. Both the SCM and the flotation test results elucidate the role of the reservoir rock mineralogy, the composition of the Formation Water (FW) and the oil chemistry on wettability estimation. The simulation results show that quartz is strongly water-wet while calcite is also strongly oil-wet which is consistent with the flotation test results. The kaolinite on the other hand was less water-wet as compared to quartz but more water-wet as compared to calcite. The SCM results show that oil adhesion is due to bridging by divalent ions when the mineral surface and oil-brine interface have similar charge. The oil adhesion was observed to increase with increase in divalent ion concentration. For positively charged mineral surface such as calcite, direct adsorption of carboxylic acid was the dominating mechanism for oil adhesion. Nevertheless, divalent ions bridging mechanism also occurred for the electrostatic pair linkages in calcite. From the simulation results, it can be concluded that the surface charge of the mineral has an overriding effect on oil adhesion compared to the oil-brine interface. To add to the above, the carboxylic acid has a huge influence on the wetting properties of the minerals than the basic counterpart. This is mainly due to pH of the studied systems. SCM provides a cost-effective technique of estimating the wettability of minerals at reservoir conditions. Finally, the SCM approach of characterizing the wettability can be used to screen possible injection water compositions to assess their potential to alter the wettability of the reservoir rock surface to more water-wet. Thus, compelling the adsorbed oil to be released, mobilized and produced with the injected water.
Optimization of Hydraulic Fracturing and Production Enhancement: Case Studies for US Shale Plays and Tight Sand Reservoirs
Authors: Bagci S. , Castro L. , Flores J.
Published: March 2017

Plug and Perf (PnP) has been predominant for years as the preferred completion method for unconventional reservoirs. However this technique can be costly and time consuming. The Coiled Tubing Activated Frac Sleeves (CTAFS) technique utilizes fracture sleeves that can be hydraulically opened using coiled tubing and fractured through the annuls, minimizing time between stages and reducing total fluid consumption.

This paper evaluates the fracturing and production performance of the Plug and Perf technique compared to Coiled Tubing Activated Fracture Sleeves (CTAFS) in a US shale oil play (Eagle Ford) and in tight sand reservoirs (Cotton Valley, Bone Spring and Granite Wash).

It focuses on a strategy of improving ultimate recovery by using fracturing modeling, proper completion selection and field data to determine the optimal stage spacing of the multistage completion systems (PnP and CTAFS). The fracture models were created using existing logs and geomechanical modeling results in the surrounding area to create an optimal geometric spacing for the stages. The basics of the primary multistage completion systems are discussed and briefly compared from an operations point of view. Effective fracture dimensions can be achieved by selecting better locations for the stage clusters in Plug ad Perf and single fracture injection points using Coiled Tubing Activated Frac Sleeves (CTAFS). Fracture treatment schedules for each completion technique are recommended in terms of proppant type, concentration, fracture fluid type and volume.

Two different fracture treatments were used to analyze the effect of fracturing fluid and completion type on fracture geometry. Coiled Tubing Activated Frac Sleeves with an optimized fracture treatment schedule outperformed the PnP as it fully controls fracture placement, leading to bigger drainage areas. For PnP, cumulative production decreased with an increasing number of clusters and the less efficiency of the stages on productivity. Adding more sleeves accelerated the EUR because of a larger drainage area. The CTAFS technique allowed tighter spacing of frac stages and ensured that the fracture was created at the sleeve in contrast to PnP technique in which some zones could remain untreated.
Understanding Penetration Behavior of Microemulsions Into Shale Nanopores
Authors: Bui Khoa , Akkutlu I. Yucel , Zelenev Andrei S. , Silas James
Published: March 2017

Resource shales have low permeability matrix with nanoporous features. At nano scale in situ fluids experience strong fluid-wall interactions and confinement effects. The hydrocarbons recovery from the nanopore network is therefore limited. Microemulsions are known to be effective in stimulating oil and gas production from non-conventional reservoirs, however their mechanisms of action, as well as their ability to penetrate into nanosize pores of shale matrix during an operation such as hydraulic fracturing needs to be investigated. In this paper, we investigate the conditions for the microemulsion droplet penetration into model nanopores, identify the penetration mechanisms and, following their penetration, analyze their interactions with model organic and inorganic walls, and study their behavior in confinement.

Molecular dynamics simulation is employed to simulate the behavior of a nanodroplet dispersion facing a solid surface. The model nanodroplets comprise swollen micelles of C12E7 nonionic surfactant with the d-limonene solvent solubilized in their cores. An oil-wet solid surface is modeled using graphite to represent hydrophobic kerogen in shale, and a water-wet solid surface is modeled using brucite to represent hydrophilic inorganic materials in shale. These surfaces are considered to have nanocapillaries with varying sizes, available for the microemulsion penetration experiment. Our results indicate that penetration into capillaries with sizes less than 10 nm is strongly influenced by the wettability of the solid surface. In the case of an oil-wet solid surface the droplets adsorb on the surfaces and hence impact the penetration ability. In the case of a water-wet surface, however, microemulsion droplets effectively penetrate into the nanocapillaries. The droplets are capable of penetrating into the capillaries that are smaller than their own size. In both of these two cases, the solubilized solvent and the surfactant are delivered into a tight nanocapillary network and come into contact with the in situ hydrocarbons. This research can be extended to include ionic surfactants, varying salinity, and more complex solid surfaces to develop the next generation microemulsions with superior performance in enhancing oil production from the unconventional reservoirs.
Synthetic Fluid Selection for High-Pressure Gas Condensate Flow Tests
Authors: Singh Kameshwar , Whitson Curtis Hays
Published: March 2017

High-pressure steady-state flow tests on gas condensates are needed to determine relative permeabilities and their dependence on capillary number. Such experiments require large quantities of reservoir fluids. Other laboratory challenges using reservoir fluids include H2S content and high temperatures.

This paper presents a method that has been used successfully to create synthetic hydrocarbon mixtures that closely mimic reservoir fluid PVT, viscosity and IFT behavior at relevant reservoir pressures. The synthetic mixtures typically consist of 3-4 hydrocarbon compounds, and are readily created in the laboratory in large quantities.

The selection of a synthetic mixture starts with a known description of reservoir fluid PVT properties, from laboratory measurements and/or EOS modeling. Typical PVT include constant composition and constant volume depletion data, viscosities, and gas-oil interfacial tensions (IFT).

The procedure for creating an appropriate synthetic fluid that mimics the reservoir fluid PVT behavior is selection of 3-4 available hydrocarbon compounds, always consisting of methane, at least one light intermediate (C2 to C10), and at least one heavy compound (most often Diphenylmethane DPH-C1). An automated selection process has been developed. We used the SRK EOS with zero BIPs (binary interaction parameters) to describe phase and volumetric behavior of the synthetic fluid system.

With a given group of selected compounds, the amount of each compound is determined by regression to minimize the mismatch between synthetic fluid PVT and reservoir fluid PVT. The synthetic mixture component slate that gives the best match is then chosen from the many possible combinations.

This method has been used for some twenty reservoir gas condensates during the past 15 years. In this paper we illustrate the method for some twelve "public" reservoir gas condensates ranging from lean- to rich fluids, with some containing significant H2S and CO2 content.

The accuracy of synthetic fluid mixtures to mimic actual reservoir gas condensate behavior is surprisingly good. Laboratory applications of the methods presented in this paper have been made without experimental difficulties. In general, the modeled synthetic fluid PVT behavior predicted by an EOS are quite close to the measured laboratory PVT of the synthetic fluids.

The paper provides, for the first time, documentation that 3-4 component synthetic mixtures can be used to represent reservoir gas condensate fluids covering a wide range of composition and PVT behavior.
Study of Slip Flow in Shale and Tight Gas Reservoir Rocks Using Lattice Boltzmann Method
Authors: Moghaddam Rasoul Nazari , Jamiolahmady Mahmoud
Published: March 2017

Development and production from unconventional resources require understanding of flow mechanisms and rock/fluid interactions, which are different from those in conventional reservoirs. Several flow regimes including continuum, slip and transition can dominate the fluid flow in these reservoirs due to the presence of various pore sizes from micro to nanoscale. Accurate prediction of flow behaviour requires suitable simulation techniques for modelling the flow regimes active in unconventional reservoir rocks. Recently, the lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) has received great attention as a well-accepted method for the simulation of fluid flow in nanoscale systems. However, the impact of different boundary conditions to model such fluid-rock interactions have not been investigated so far. In addition, the LBM simulation results have rarely been compared with the experimental data.

In this study, the two-relaxation-time (TRT) based Lattice Boltzmann approach was adopted to simulate the gas flow in nanoscale single pipe. Different boundary conditions including bounce back, specular reflection, diffusive reflective and bounce back-specular reflection (BSR) were used to capture the gas slippage at the wall surface. For validation, the simulation results were compared with the results of other simulation techniques such as Direct Simulation Monte Carlo and Information Preservation methods reported in the literature. After validation, the impacts of different boundary conditions and various tangential momentum accommodation coefficients (TMAC) were studied. In addition, gas flow in a simplified porous medium (a system of pore body/throat) was modelled and the simulation results were compared with those obtained for gas flow in a single channel. Furthermore, the simulation results of gas flow in a single channel and in the simplified porous medium were compared with the scaled experimental data measured on three shale rock samples.

The results show that, among different boundary conditions, BSR is the most suitable one for gas flow simulations in shale rock samples. However, the LBM simulation with the BSR boundary condition using the TMAC literature value of 0.8 underestimated the permeability enhancement (due to gas slippage) in these shale rocks. It was found that a TMAC value of 0.6 could better estimate the permeability enhancement. It was also shown that the characteristic length of porous media could be better described by the average of "pore throat" rather than "pore body" sizes. Moreover, the permeability was overestimated for Kn>0.1, when the gas flow was simulated in a single micropipe or microchannel rather than the considered porous medium.

The results obtained in this study can be used for more realistic predictions of shale matrix permeability, when the slip or transition flow regime is dominant. It also improves our understanding of using LBM for simulation of fluid flow in unconventional reservoir rocks.
STACK Well Performance, a Multi-Pad Completion Comparison
Authors: Van Sickle S. , Galloway J. , Owen T. , Wearly J. , Snyder D.
Published: March 2017

An operator working in Oklahoma's STACK play continues to analyze its completion program in an effort to identify the optimal balance between cost-effectiveness and production. A recent study of field results from four pads with two different completion methods on each pad, shows a difference in fracture performance between the two methods, as well as resulting production.

Each of the four well pads was developed with one ball-activated uncemented multistage completions and a cemented liner completion using either sliding sleeves or plug-and-perf. The methods on each pad targeted the same horizon in the STACK play, which is made up of multiple formations.

The wells on each pad were stimulated with the same treatment program, and the performance of the wells was analyzed using microseismic, sidewall cores and extensive logs. Additionally some of the pads were also tested with diverter. Daily OWG rates were also reviewed, and a cost comparison between the two completions on each pad was conducted.

The STACK play is predominantly completed using plug-and-perf methods. These wells have long laterals and are typically stimulated with large amounts of fluid and proppant. All the wells in this study were completed with common stimulation programs for the area. Despite the typical estimated frac length, three of the subject wells experienced offset stimulation interference from offsetting wells or pads. These "frac hits" contributed negatively on the producing wells for a period of time.

On all the pads, the wells completed using uncemented multistage completion systems had lower CAPEX Quicker completions and easier millouts helped contribute to the lower upfront CAPEX. The uncemented multistage wells also flowed back initially at higher rates.

This paper compares a new completion method attempted in one of the most active plays in the United States. As well as the diagnostic, completion and cost comparisons, the impacts of a "frac hit" on producing wells and suggestions to reduce negative outcomes from the hits will be discussed.
Systematic Uncertainty Analysis and Management in Waterflooding Development for a Large Sandstone Reservoir in Middle East
Authors: Yong Li , Changbing Tian , Baozhu Li , Yixiang Zhu , Benbiao Song
Published: March 2017

For reservoir development study, there are a lot of uncertainties in different research aspects. But if these uncertainties are ignored, reservoir performance could be much worse than expected because of wrong development options possibly selected and applied. Therefore, uncertainty analysis should be addressed during reservoir development study, and uncertainty parameters should be analyzed and their impact should be evaluated in order to reduce the corresponding risks. The paper proposes that uncertainty analysis should run through the whole study process of reservoir development plan.

Based on the reservoir development stage and reservoir geological features, all related uncertainty factors are identified. And the uncertainty range of each factor are determined with upside, expected and downside values or models. Then all factors are embedded into the static and dynamic models, and the uncertainty impact on reservoir performance are quantitatively evaluated based on the upside, expected and downside dynamic models respectively. After that, uncertainty parameters are ranked into differernt groups.

Take one large multi-layered sandstone oilfield in Middle East for example, uncertainty analysis methods are illustrated. The large sandstone reservoir in Middle East is at its primary depletion development stage with only 5% recovery factor currently, and waterflooding is urgert. Firstly, key uncertainty parameters are determined, which can be mainly classified into two categoriesgeological model and dynamic model. Then according to the characteristic of this reservoir and uncertainties understanding of geological study, 3 static models with same probability are built. After that, uncertainties understanding of dynamic analysis are included into static models, and 3 dynamic models representing Upside, Expected and Downside models are generated in order to fully characterize all the uncertainties. So development options and development schemes optimization can be studied based on the 3 models in order to determine the uncertainties of water flooding performance. Finally the induced risks of each main uncertainty parameter are quantitatively evaluated, and corresponding treatments are proposed.

This paper offers the methodology and a case study on uncertainty analysis and management within the waterflooding development for a large multi-layered sandstone reservoir, and the results are valuable for the following development options decision making. It also provides a reference for uncertainty management of similar reservoir.
Reservoir Rock and Fluid Characterization Using Distributed Temperature Sensing DTS Systems Data
Authors: Xu Bohan , Forouzanfar Fahim
Published: March 2017

The variation of temperature profile of the sandface and wellbore offers important indicators for the occurrence of various downhole phenomena, as functions of reservoir formation and fluid properties. This paper aims to investigate the assimilation of temperature and production data for robust and efficient estimation of reservoir formation properties and fluid characterization. Very few previous work in the literature used Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data for the characterization of the reservoir fluid and geostatistical description. The main contribution of this work lies in the proposed methodology for integration of temperature data from DTS systems to obtain a robust estimation of the reservoir fluid description, as well as introducing the integration of temperature data as an alternative and/or complementary data for integrative reservoir characterization. Two synthetic reservoir examples are investigated. In the first example, we focus on resolving the geostatistical description of a 3D multi-phase reservoir under water flooding. An ensemble-based data assimilation algorithm is used to compare the characterization of reservoir formation porosity and permeability by integration of temperature profile and well production data as opposed to the integration of production logging tool (PLT) data. Our results show that the DTS temperature data shows good potential as an alternative to the PLT data for reservoir rock characterization, although there may be a risk of model overfitting due to the large amount of data. In the second example, we attempt to estimate the original composition of the reservoir fluid as well as reservoir rock properties using downhole temperature profile data. A relatively simple multi-layer radial reservoir model is considered in this case. However, in order to honor the physical bounds on the various model parameters, a constrained ensemble-based data assimilation algorithm based on Lagrange multipliers is adopted. The computational results show that the original reservoir fluid composition could be excellently estimated for a case with known reservoir properties. Presence of uncertainty in the reservoir formation properties resulted in an poor estimation of the original reservoir fluid composition.
Methane Transport through Nanoporous Shale with Sub-Irreducible Water Saturation
Authors: Li Jing , Li Xiangfang , Wu Keliu , Chen Zhangxin John , Wang Kun , Zhong Minglu , Bai Zhijun
Published: March 2017

Characteristics of gas transport in nanopores are topics of great interest for evaluation of unconventional reservoirs. The apparent permeability model for single-phase gas flow has been extensively investigated. Few models, however, have been established for the gas transport in gas/liquid two-phase flow condition. Unfortunately, initial water always exists under reservoir condition. Although it is regarded as immobile state, the impact of which on gas flow capacity should not be simply neglected.

In this work, firstly, the state of sub-irreducible water saturation in unconventional reservoirs have been carefully investigated, and the thickness of thin film bound on inorganic pore surface (e.g. clay or quartz) has been quantified. Subsequently, by considering the impact of the water film on the effective hydraulic diameter, gas slip-flow model is established. Noting that the gas phase in moist conditions is mainly composed of both methane and vapor rather than single-component methane. Thus, the methane-vapor binary gas state equation has been introduced to describe the real gas effect under high pressure and temperature condition. Our proposed model has been directly verified by the laboratory tests, and the gas relative permeability in different cases with varying Knudsen numbers has been computed.

To our surprise, the calculated relative permeability curves for gas transport in narrow pores demonstrate as convex shape, which indicates that the influence of water on gas flow weakens as the increase of irreducible water saturation. This phenomenon become obvious especially in large Knudsen number condition. In fact, as the increase of Knudsen number, the gas slippage becomes significant and the relative impact of pre-adsorbed water reduces. For a typical tight gas reservoir with initial water saturation of 30%, the effective permeability for gas transport will reduce about 15%~30%, which depends on the Knudsen number for gas transport. Therefore, neglecting the effect of two-phase interaction might overestimate the gas deliverability.
La ayuda oficial al desarrollo en los entes locales: un análisis del sistema de cooperación en el Departamento del Atlántico, 2000-2010
Authors: Barrios Charris Vanessa Paola
Published: March 2017

Debido a la proximidad del cumplimiento de los Objetivos del Milenio (ODM) y al poco avance del departamento del Atlántico en el cumplimiento de dichos objetivos. Con este artículo se pretende mostrar los resultados de la investigación en la que se sistematizó los datos encontrados sobre la Ayuda Oficial al Desarrollo (AOD) en el Atlántico con el fin de poder aportar un marco de referencia para futuras investigaciones académicas, de esta manera gestionar una mejor redirección de la AOD. Cabe resaltar que para la ONU la AOD se enmarca en el 8vo Objetivo del Milenio que consiste en fomentar una alianza mundial para el desarrollo.
Las perspectivas de la glocalización en un mundo cambiante: Una mirada desde Colombia
Authors: Zorro Sánchez Carlos
Published: March 2017

El mundo actual es un ámbito en deconstrucción y reconstrucción, siempre inacabadas. La revolución tecnológica, y especialmente las llamadas TIC, tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, han contribuido a romper las fronteras nacionales, mediante redes virtuales que conectan diversos territorios, con frecuencia muy alejados entre sí. Estas redes trascienden barreras antes impuestas por la soberanía de los Estados y han generado un espacio-temporalidad diferente que tiende a fortalecer los niveles locales, en su calidad de nodos receptores y generadores de los flujos que circulan por las redes. Es necesario hoy entender estas transformaciones para promover adecuadamente el desarrollo territorial y manejar las relaciones entre los niveles local, nacional y global. Ahora bien, el análisis de algunos de los principales instrumentos de política nacional y local en Colombia, permite apreciar que falta mucho por avanzar en esta reflexión. Este artículo busca contribuir a ella mediante la presentación de los planteamientos de algunos autores y una primera aproximación a tales instrumentos.
Peningkatan kemampuan membaca permulaan melalui media video compact disc pada anak usia 5– 6 tahun
Authors: Sulistyawati Elisabeth Eka , Sujarwo Sujarwo
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kemampuan membaca permulaan anak melalui media VCD di TK Kudup Sari Sidoluhur, Godean, Sleman. Kemampuan membaca pada anak terlihat dalam kemampuan menyebutkan simbol-simbol huruf vokal dan konsonan, menghubungkan gambar dengan kata, membaca gambar yang memiliki kata sederhana dan membaca nama sendiri.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas kolaboratif yang menggunakan model Kemmis dan Mc Taggart. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua siklus dan setiap siklus terdiri dari tiga pertemuan. Data diperoleh melalui observasi dan dokumentasi. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah anak kelompok B TK Kudup Sari yang berjumlah 26 anak. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif kualitatif.Kata kunci: kemampuan membaca permulaan, VCD, anak usia 5-6 tahun. Improvement of Early Reading Competence Using Video Compact Disc Media on 5-6 Year-Old AbstractThis research aims to improve early reading competence using VCD media on the pupils of TK Kudup Sari Sidoluhur, Godean, Sleman. The pupil reading competence can be shown by mentioning symbols of vocal and consonant letters, connecting pictures and words, reading pictures that have simple words and reading their own names.This is a collaborative classroom action research applying a model of Kemmis and Mc Taggart. It consists of two phases and each phase contains three meetings. Data were taken by observation and documentation. The subjects of the research are 26 pupils as the Group B of TK Kudup Sari. Analysing data was done using qualitative description. Keywords: early reading competence, VCD, 5-6-year-old pupils.
Implementasi model pembelajaran mandiri program pendidikan kecakapan hidup perempuan
Authors: Saripah Iip , Shantini Yanti
Published: March 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji implementasi model pembelajaran mandiri program pendidikan kecakapan hidup perempuan di PKBM Bina Cipta Ujungberung. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun lokasi penelitian dipilih dilaksanakan di PKBM Bina Cipta Ujungberung Kota Bandung. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu: (1) proses pembelajaran model pembelajaran mandiri pada program kecakapan hidup perempuan, meliputi kegiatan perencanaan mencakup kegiatan menentukan tujuan, menetukan instruktur, mengalokasikan waktu, merekrut peserta, menyusun kurikulum, menyusun materi, menentukan sumber belajar, menyiapkan saran dan prasarana, menyusun pembiayaan, kegiatan pelaksanaan mencakup kegiatan pengelolaan kelas dan peserta didik, pengelolaan instruktur, mennetukan metode dan media pembelajaran; kegiatan evaluasi mencakup evaluasi hasil belajar dan evaluasi proses pembelajaran. (2) penerapan model pembelajaran mandiri pada program kecakapan hidup perempuan, mencakup kegiatan pemberian motivasi, penyampian materi, pengaplikasian materi dan refleksi hasil belajar (3) hasil penerapan model pembelajaran mandiri pada program kecakapan hidup perempuan meliputi pengetahuan, afektif dan psikomotorik.Kata Kunci: model pembelajaran mandiri, pendidikan kecakapan hidup, PKBM. IMPLEMENTATION OF SELF DIRECTED LEARNING MODEL LIFE SKILLS EDUCATION PROGRAM WOMEN IN BINA CIPTA UJUNGBERUNG CLC AbstractThis study aims to assess about implementation of models of independent learning life skills education program in the CLC women Bina Cipta Ujungberung. This study used descriptive qualitative approach. The location of the research been conducted at CLC Bina Cipta Ujungberung Bandung, The results of this study are: (1 ) learning model of independent learning in life skills programs women, includes planning includes activities set goals, determine the instructor, allocate time, recruiting participants, develop curricula, organizing material, to determine the source of learning, to prepare suggestions and improvements, arrange financing, implementation activities include classroom management activities and learners, instructors management, menentukan methods and learning media; evaluation activities include evaluation of learning outcomes and learning process evaluation. (2) the application of self-learning model in female life skills programs, covers the activities of motivation, penyampaian material, the application of the material and reflection of learning outcomes (3) the results of the application of self-learning model in female life skills program include knowledge, affective and psychomotor.Keywords: learning model, life skills education, CLC
Jornadas de los Jóvenes Americanistas de 2016. "Particularismos y patrimonialización en las Américas. Cuestiones multidisciplinarias y comparatismos a través de las escalas espaciales y temporales"
Authors: Duarte Guillaume
Published: March 2017

Reseña de las Jornadas de los Jovenes Americanistas de 2016 que fueron organizadas por el CEMCA, el Colmich y la Casa de Velázquez el 2 y 3 de junio sobre la tematica siguiente: "Particularismos y patrimonialización en las Américas. Cuestiones multidisciplinarias y comparatismos a través de las escalas espaciales y temporales".
Morfología de Passiflora: una guía para la descripción de sus especies
Authors: Bonilla Morales Miguel Macgayver , Aguirre Morales Adriana Carolina , Agudelo Varela Oscar Manuel
Published: March 2017

Las pasifloras son un grupo de plantas que tienen uso desde periodos precolombinos por el sabor de sus frutos, sin embargo, en los últimos siglos
se han encontrado compuestos de importancia farmacéutica para la salud humana. Desde esta perspectiva, conocer las especies mediante sus caracteres morfológicos permitirá explorar la variabilidadexistente a nivel intra e inter especifico, y también definir a futuro su importancia económica
por su uso potencial. Por tal motivo, el objetivo de esta investigación fue definir e ilustrar los caracteres morfológicos más utilizados en Passiflora L. para estudios de diversidad, caracterización y taxonomía en Colombia. De esta manera, se establecieron los ítems de hábito, raíz, tallo, estípula,
hoja, flor, inflorescencia, fruto y semilla con sus respectivas descripciones que relacionan la taxonomía actual de Passiflora. Adicional, se añadió
un componente de polinización que determinó las principales relaciones florísticas y polinizadores como insectos, aves y mamíferos. Se concluye
que el entendimiento de las estructuras morfológicas en Passiflora servirá de guía para trabajos de caracterización de germoplasma y revisiones
taxonómicas como eje para describir nuevas especies. 
Modelación hidrodinámica y determinación de la calidad del agua en el río Botello, Facatativá, Cundinamarca, Colombia
Authors: Antonio Paiba Angel Oswaldo , Monroy Avila Edinson Fabian
Published: March 2017

La presente investigación plantea estudiar el comportamiento hidrodinámico de un  tramo del Río Botello comprendido en la zona de influencia de la cabecera municipal de Facatativá, departamento de Cundinamarca, Colombia. En la primera fase, se determinaron las variables hidrodinámicas esenciales para realizar el modelamiento hidrodinámico, además, se determinaron las variables para estudiar la calidad del agua. Para la parte hidrodinámica, se recopiló información de velocidades, áreas transversales, y batimetría. Con respecto a la calidad, se determinaron temperatura, acidez, color, coliformes, sólidos disueltos, DBO5, DQO, nitratos, nitritos, manganeso y hierro. En la segunda fase, se procesó la información para finalmente generar el modelamiento hidrodinámico del río Botello. Se concluyó que la modelación del río Botello se constituye como una herramienta indispensable para la gestión integral del recurso hídrico en el municipio de Facatativá. En los puntos de muestreo hay razones de variación de las variables hidrodinámicas de acuerdo con el tramo analizado y de la calidad del agua, las cuales están fuertemente influenciadas por las actividades agropecuarias e industriales que se realizan en la zona circundante del sistema hídrico, lo cual acarrea grandes problemas de calidad a la oferta del recurso hídrico para los habitantes del municipio que suplen sus necesidades básicas del río Botello. En cuanto a inundaciones, se precisa que el municipio de Facatativá se encuentra en una zona de riesgo en períodos de alta precipitación.
Uso de rasgos funcionales de plantas como estimadores de carbono almacenado en biomasa aérea
Authors: Montes-Pulido Carmen Rosa
Published: March 2017

Los métodos utilizados para estimar carbono en ecosistemas tropicales se han fundamentado en el conocimiento de la biomasa aérea seca de los árboles. Ello implica altos costos de extracción y un impacto negativo sobre el ecosistema estudiado. Una posible alternativa a este método es el uso de rasgos funcionales de plantas. En esta investigación se realiza una revisión de publicaciones adelantadas en la aplicación de diversidad funcional a la estimación de carbono almacenado en bosques. Inicialmente se presenta un marco teórico sobre rasgos funcionales, seguido de un análisis sobre cuáles de ellos están asociados con la estimación de carbono. Se identifican los índices de diversidad empleados en los estudios y se concluye planteando estudios futuros relacionados con diversidad funcional y carbono almacenado en bosques.
La nueva ruralidad en la educación: percepciones de la comunidad académica universitaria de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia
Authors: Pita Morales Luz Adriana , González Santos Wilson
Published: March 2017

La intervención en el espacio rural, como apuesta preferente de desarrollo, plantea la necesidad de una educación cercana a la comprensión de la complejidad existente en este medio. Lo anterior requiere de profesionales que vinculen en su formación académica los condicionantes existentes en lo que hoy se conoce como nueva ruralidad. El texto muestra la metodología construida para captar la percepción que los estudiantes de la Facultad de Ciencias agropecuarias de la Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia tienen respecto a la nueva ruralidad como concepto que intenta comprender los cambios que ocurren en el espacio rural contemporáneo. A partir de una tipología de la nueva ruralidad, con la escala de Likert se agrupan las apreciaciones de la comunidad estudiantil para finalmente determinar los factores que explican la variabilidad existente entre dichas actitudes. Los resultados indican que la globalización económica, la pluriactividad y el territorio son los principales factores que  explican la variabilidad existente en las actitudes de los estudiantes respecto a la nueva ruralidad.
Influencia de los patrones de uso actual de la tierra sobre la dinámica de la vegetación en el páramo de Rabanal, vereda San Antonio, municipio de Guachetá
Authors: Borrás S. Luis Miguel , Galindo S Guillermo Alfredo , Triviño Gíl Wilson
Published: March 2017

Los patrones del uso actual de la tierra en el páramo de Rabanal parecen indicar un lento y progresivo deterioro de la vegetación característica de este ecosistema, debido probablemente a su régimen actual de disturbios impuesto al parecer en gran medida por causas humanas, evidenciándose principalmente la ampliación de la frontera agrícola (cultivos de papa mecanizados) y pastoreo. La situación característica en la cual se llevan a cabo los patrones de ocupación y tenencia de la tierra en estos lugares, así como el sistema de producción que se establece son el punto de partida para determinar su efecto sobre este sector del ecosistema paramuno de Rabanal y definir si realmente esta circunstancia es determinante para buscar su conservación y manejo.

El trabajo se realizó en tres etapas que consistieron en la caracterización de la zona, la cual se realiza bajo la recolección de encuestas, revisión de información primaria y secundaria, seguida de un trabajo de campo, para finalizar en la tabulación de la información.

El presente estudio arroja unos resultados que pretenden aportar al conocimiento de uso actual de la tierra en un sector de la vereda San Antonio - municipio de Guachetá, inmediato al páramo de Rabanal y con este dar las bases necesarias para comprender la forma como opera la intervención antropogénica en el área y sus implicaciones en la dinámica de la vegetación, y el conocimiento de sus sistemas de producción.