bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High‐Rate Lithium‐Ion Capacitor Diode Towards Multifrequency Ion/Electron‐Coupling Logic Operations
Authors: Ma Hongyun , Sun Kai , Cai Yunong , Li Fengfeng , Ma Lingxiao , Qi Yifeng , Sheng Hongwei , Wu Liang , Wang Kai , Wang Jun , Fu Yujun , Chai Yang , Lan Wei
Published: January 2025

Ion/electron‐coupling logic operation is recognized as the most promising approach to achieving in‐depth brain‐inspired computing, but the lack of high‐performance ion/electron‐coupling devices with high operating frequencies much restricts the fast development of this field. Accordingly, we herein report an orthorhombic niobium pentoxide (T‐Nb2O5) based lithium‐ion capacitor diode (CAPode) that possesses thoroughly improved performances to achieve multifrequency ion/electron‐coupling logic operations. Specifically, benefiting from the unique crystal structure and fast ion‐transport topology of T‐Nb2O5, the constructed CAPode exhibits a high response frequency of up to 122 Hz, over three orders of magnitude higher than those of the state‐of‐the‐art CAPodes. Meanwhile, the T‐Nb2O5 based CAPode delivers a record‐high rectification ratio of 108, a high specific capacity of 390 C g−1, a wide voltage window of −1.5–1.5 V, and a superior cycling stability over 2000 cycles. Combining these performance advantages, the T‐Nb2O5 based CAPode is demonstrated to be fully competent in typical AND and OR logic gates over a wide frequency range of 1–100 Hz, validating great potential in the burgeoning field of multifrequency ion/electron‐coupling logic operations.
Tyrosinase‐Catalyzed Peptide Stapling Using Para‐Amino Phenylalanine and Tyrosine Anchoring Residues
Authors: Wang Nan , Xu Zhengyang , Shen Huaxing , Cong Wei , Zhang Shuai , Hu Honggang , Li Xiang
Published: January 2025

Peptide stapling techniques have historically relied on metal‐catalyzed chemical reactions, with no examples using enzymes. Here, inspired by tyrosinase‐mediated oxidation, we describe the efficient side‐chain to side‐chain coupling of p‐amino phenylalanine (Z) and tyrosine (Y) amino acids using a commercially available tyrosinase. Stapling reactions between the i, i+3 to i, i+7 positions were all performed, proceeding in good conversion and under mild conditions compatible with various side chains, functional motifs and ring sizes, with the Z−Y product found to be more stable and obtained in a higher yield than the Y−Z product. Z−Y stapled versions of ER, MC4 and GPR54 binding peptides exhibited higher serum stability, helical content and binding affinity than their linear counterparts, proving the utility of our method to synthesize biologically significant peptides. The tyrosinase‐catalyzed Z−Y peptide stapling technique expands the scope of available stapling techniques, and is proposed to develop stapled peptide drug candidates.
Highly Durable Rh Single Atom Catalyst Modulated by Surface Defects on Fe‐Ce Oxide Solid Solution
Authors: Kim Gunjoo , Choung Seokhyun , Hwang Jae‐eon , Choi Yunji , Kim Seungeun , Shin Dongjae , Han Jeong Woo , Lee Hyunjoo
Published: January 2025

Forming defect sites on catalyst supports and immobilizing precious metal atoms at these sites offers an efficient approach for preparing single‐atom catalysts. In this study, we employed an Fe−Ce oxide solid solution (FC), which has surface oxygen that reduces more readily than that of ceria, to anchor Rh single atoms (Rh1). When utilized in the selective catalytic reduction of NO with CO (CO‐SCR), Rh1/FC reduced at 500 °C—characterized by less oxidic Rh state induced by an oxygen‐deficient coordination—exhibited superior activity and durability compared to Rh1/ceria and Rh1/FC reduced at 300 °C. This Rh single‐atom structure was sustained after 100 hours of CO‐SCR at 400 °C. Reaction intermediates formed on the catalyst surface were analyzed using in situ diffuse reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (DRIFTS) under NO and CO flow conditions. Additionally, the catalyst structure and the CO‐SCR reaction mechanism were investigated using density functional theory (DFT). While Rh atoms located near surface Fe sites were found to be thermodynamically most stable, both NO and CO preferentially adsorbed on Rh sites. Fe plays a role in stabilizing Rh sites and facilitating oxygen transfer. This work provides valuable insights into the design of highly active and durable single‐atom catalysts.
Heteroarchitectural Gas Diffusion Layer Promotes CO2 Reduction Coupled with Biomass Oxidation at Ampere‐Level Current Density
Authors: Lu Chenbao , Shi Pengfei , Huang Senhe , Yang Chongqing , Zhu Jinhui , Zhang Jichao , Ke Changchun , Su Yuezeng , Zhuang Xiaodong , Wang Tianfu
Published: January 2025

Achieving high product selectivity at ampere‐level current densities is essential for the industrial application of electrochemical CO2 reduction. However, the operational stability of CO2 electrolyzers at large current density has long been hindered by flooding of gas diffusion layer (GDL). Herein, a new heteroarchitectural GDL is designed to overcome flooding. Such GDL is constructed by sequentially sputtering the conductive silver and titanium boride (TiB2) onto a polytetrafluoroethylene substrate. Assembled with Cu catalyst in a flow cell, a maximum ethylene Faradaic efficiency of 64.7 % was achieved at a current density of 1.2 A cm−2 in 6 M KOH. Furthermore, the GDL is capable of stable operation for over 40 hours at 400 mA cm−2. Theoretical calculations and in situ experiments demonstrate enhanced intermediates adsorption on the TiB2‐supported Cu surface, thereby reducing the energy barrier for C−C coupling. When coupling the CO2 reduction reaction with 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction, Faradaic efficiencies of 49.2 % for ethylene and 85.4 % for 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid were achieved at 1.2 A cm−2. This work provides a highly stable GDL for efficient CO2 conversion at ampere‐level current density and paves the way for integrating biomolecules conversion in stack‐level devices.
Symmetry Breaking of FeN4 Moiety via Edge Defects for Acidic Oxygen Reduction Reaction
Authors: Tang Bing , Ji Qianqian , Zhang Xilin , Shi Runchuan , Ma Jin , Zhuang Zechao , Sun Mei , Wang Huijuan , Liu Ruiqi , Liu Hengjie , Wang Chao , Guo Zhiying , Lu Lanlu , Jiang Peng , Wang Dingsheng , Yan Wensheng
Published: January 2025

Fe−N−C catalysts, with a planar D4h symmetric FeN4 structure, show promising as noble metal‐free oxygen reduction reaction catalysts. Nonetheless, the highly symmetric structure restricts the effective manipulation of its geometric and electronic structures, impeding further enhancements in oxygen reduction reaction performance. Here, a high proportion of asymmetric edge‐carbon was successfully introduced into Fe−N−C catalysts through morphology engineering, enabling the precise modulation of the FeN4 active site. Electrochemical experimental results demonstrate that FeN4@porous carbon (FeN4@PC), featuring enriched asymmetric edge‐FeN4 active sites, exhibits higher acidic oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity compared to FeN4@flaky carbon (FeN4@FC), where symmetric FeN4 is primarily distributed within the basal‐plane. Synchrotron X‐ray absorption spectra, X‐ray emission spectra, and theoretical calculations indicate that the enhanced oxygen reduction reaction catalytic activity of FeN4@PC is attributed to the higher oxidation state of Fe species in the edge structure of FeN4@PC. This finding paves the way for controlling the local geometric and electronic structures of single‐atom active sites, leading to the development of novel and efficient Fe−N−C catalysts.
Nickel Nanocluster‐Stabilized Unsaturated Ni–N3 Atomic Sites for Efficient CO2‐to‐CO Electrolysis at Industrial‐Level Current
Authors: Zhang Wuyi , Mehmood Asad , Ali Ghulam , Liu Hui , Chai Liyuan , Wu Jun , Liu Min
Published: January 2025

Unsaturated Ni single‐atom catalysts (SACs), Ni‐Nx (x=1,2,3), have been investigated to break the conventional Ni‐N4 structural limitation and provide more unoccupied 3d orbitals for CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) intermediates adsorption, but their intrinsically low structural stability has seriously hindered their applications. Here, we developed a strategy by integrating Ni nanoclusters to stabilize unsaturated Ni‐N3 atomic sites for efficient CO2 electroreduction to CO at industrial‐level current. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the incorporation of Ni nanocluster effectively stabilizes the unsaturated Ni‐N3 atomic sites and modulates their electronic structure to enhance the adsorption of the key intermediate *COOH during CO2RR. Guided by these insights, we prepared an optimal composite catalyst, Ni6@Ni‐N3, which features a Ni6N6 nanocluster surrounded by six Ni‐N3 single atoms sites, through low‐temperature pyrolysis. The morphology and coordinative structure of Ni6@Ni‐N3 were confirmed by an aberration‐corrected transmission electron microscope (AC‐TEM) and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). As a result, Ni6@Ni‐N3 demonstrated a remarkably high CO Faradaic efficiency (FECO) of 99.7 % and a turnover frequency (TOF) of 83984.2 h−1 at 500 mA cm−2 under −1.15 VRHE, much better than those of Ni‐N4 with a lower FECO of 86 % at 100 mA cm−2 and a TOF of 39309.9 h−1under identical potential. XAS analyses of Ni6@Ni‐N3 before and after long‐term CO2RR testing confirmed the excellent stability of its coordinative environment. This work highlights a generalizable approach for stabilizing unsaturated single‐atom catalysts, paving the way for their application in high‐performance CO2RR.
Stimulus‐Responsive Organometallic Assemblies Based on Azobenzene‐Functionalized Poly‐NHC Ligands
Authors: Li Hao , Zhang Le , Li Xin , Wang Yi‐Shou , Han Ying‐Feng
Published: January 2025

The reversible photoisomerization of azobenzene (AZB) and its derivatives has been applied across various fields. Developing discrete AZB‐functionalized organometallic cages is essential for manufacturing functional materials. In this work, we designed and fabricated a series of three‐dimensional, hexaazobenzene‐terminated poly‐NHC‐based (NHC=N‐heterocyclic carbene) complexes [M3(A)2](BF4)3 and [M3(B)2](BF4)3 (M = Ag, Au). In the newly prepared MI‐CNHC assemblies, these peripheral AZB units linked to the central backbones can undergo efficient and recyclable isomerization upon external stimulation, effectively creating a switchable organometallic assembly system. Compared to the NHC precursor, the metalized framework demonstrates higher isomerization efficiency, thereby establishing a foundation for the subsequent application of AZB‐functionalized MI‐CNHC assemblies.
Blaming the Strawless Brickmaker: Constraint Neglect in Judging Decision Quality
Authors: Li Xilin , Hsee Christopher K.
Published: January 2025

People often judge the quality of selection decisions made by others: The CEO of a firm may judge the quality of hiring decisions made by the firm's HR personnel; the readers of a journal may judge the quality of manuscript‐acceptance decisions by the journal's editor. To accurately judge others' selection decision quality, evaluators should consider not only the outcome of the selection decisions but also the constraints of the decision‐maker. For example, to judge the quality of the hiring decisions made by the HR personnel, the CEO should consider not only how many high‐quality (vs. low‐quality) candidates the HR personnel hired, but also how many high‐quality (vs. low‐quality) candidates applied, and how many candidates the HR personnel needed to hire. We theorize that evaluators tend to overlook these constraints, and, consequently, judge decision‐makers who faced greater constraints as having made worse decisions than decisions‐makers who faced lesser constraints, even if the former's decisions were actually as good as or better than the latter's. We refer to this phenomenon as Blaming the Strawless Brickmaker (from the saying “making bricks without straw”). Eight studies, employing mixed methods, demonstrate the Blaming‐the‐Strawless‐Brickmaker effect, examine its underlying mechanism, and suggest ways to improve the quality of judged selection decision quality.
Static Magnetic Field Exposure Causes Small Cell Cycle Disruptions and Changes in Reactive Oxygen Species Levels in Ionizing Radiation Exposed Human Neuroblastoma Cells
Authors: Nieminen Valtteri , Seppälä Jan , Virén Tuomas , Juutilainen Jukka , Naarala Jonne , Luukkonen Jukka
Published: January 2025

Although static magnetic fields (SMFs) have been reported to induce only minimal biological effects, it has been proposed that they may alter the effects of other agents, such as ionizing radiation. We sham‐exposed or exposed human SH‐SY5Y neuroblastoma cells to 0.5‐, 1.5‐, 2.5‐, or 3.5‐mT SMFs for 24 h either before or after irradiation at 0, 0.4 or 2.0 Gy. After the exposures, cell cycle distribution (subG1 for apoptosis), reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, caspase‐3 activity, and clonogenic survival were assayed. Increase of G0/G1 and decrease of S phase cells was observed in samples exposed to a 3.5‐mT SMF after irradiation. The same exposure schedule with a 1.5‐mT SMF was associated with an increase of S phase cells, and an increase in ROS levels. Conversely, a decrease in ROS levels was observed in cells exposed to a 2.5‐mT SMF before ionizing radiation. No cell cycle changes were observed with SMF exposures before irradiation. Caspase‐3 activity or clonogenic survival was not affected by SMF exposures, irrespective of the exposure schedule. In conclusion, small changes in cell cycle distribution and ROS levels were observed in SH‐SY5Y cells exposed to SMFs, with more prominent effects observed when SMF exposure was applied after irradiation. Our results suggest that SMF‐induced effects show no linear dependency on magnetic flux density below 5 mT. Notably, SMF exposures did not significantly potentiate the effects of ionizing radiation but rather caused an independent additive effect. Bioelectromagnetics. 00:00–00, 2024.
Highly Flexible Methyl Cellulose/Gelatin Hydrogels for Potential Cartilage Tissue Engineering Applications
Authors: Karaca Mehmet Ali , Khalili Vida , Ege Duygu
Published: January 2025

Cartilage damage resulting from trauma demonstrates a poor capacity for repair due to its avascular nature. Cartilage tissue engineering offers a unique therapeutic option for cartilage recovery. In this study, methylcellulose (MC)/gelatin (GEL) hydrogels (MC10G20, MC12.5G20, MC15G20, and MC17.5G20) were developed to assess and compare their chemical, mechanical, and biological characteristics for cartilage repair. First, the interaction between MC and GEL after blending and subsequent crosslinking with EDC/NHS was confirmed by using FTIR. Mechanical tests under compression test revealed that hydrogels' resistance to both elastic and plastic deformation increased with higher wt.% of MC. The % strain of the hydrogels doubled with the addition of MC, likely due to abundant hydrogen bonding between polymeric chains. Furthermore, the compressive modulus of MC/GEL hydrogels was approximately 0.2 MPa, closely matching modulus of human cartilage tissue. Similarly, the % water retention capacity of the hydrogels increased over the 7 days as the MC content increased. Additionally, SEM images showed that the incorporation of MC to GEL introduced porosity with the diameters ranging from 10 to 50 μm, similar to the size of pores in native cartilage. In vitro cell culture studies confirmed the biocompatibility of MC/GEL hydrogels. Fluorescence staining showed a 2.5‐fold increase in F‐actin staining following the incorporation of MC into the hydrogels. Overall, this study highlights the potential of MC/GEL hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering, however, further research is required to assess its full potential.
Remodeling pedagogical evaluation tools to incorporate student self‐efficacy and sense of belonging in scientific research
Authors: Tanner Richelle L. , Burnett Nicholas P. , King Emily E. , Todgham Anne E.
Published: January 2025

Curated undergraduate research experiences have been widely used at colleges and universities for decades to build student interest, technical preparation, and confidence in the pursuit of scientific careers. Educators often employ standardized survey instruments to evaluate learning outcomes for research experiences, but many of these assessments consider only technical skill development and career interests and are not rooted in discrete pedagogical theories. As higher education aims to create inclusive and equitable learning experiences for students, we argue that pedagogical assessment tools for undergraduate research experiences need to expand to consider outcomes such as increased science literacy, confidence in relational “soft” skills, and a sense of belonging to a community that values scientific inquiry. We report on and critique a survey instrument that uses validated metrics to evaluate student sense of belonging and the relational skills developed during an undergraduate research experience. We also provide a revised survey instrument that is founded in social and emotional learning principles and expectation disconfirmation theory. We describe best practices for remodeling the undergraduate research environment to prioritize these inclusive learning objectives alongside publishable research output that is sought by research advisors. Survey tools, like the one described here, are critical for helping colleges and universities train students in science while evolving to promote inclusivity, self‐efficacy, and sense of belonging. Higher education programs will continue to produce scientists, but a focus on confidence‐building and soft‐skill development is essential for creating a general population that is scientifically literate and supportive and trusting of the scientific process.
New Pyranopyrazole‐Based Indolin‐2,3‐Dione Hybrid as Effective Inhibitors of Xanthine Oxidase: Synthesis, In Vitro, and Molecular Modeling Approaches
Authors: Alharbi Osama , Al‐Mutairi Khalid Awadh , Ibrahim Munjed M. , Ramu Ramith , Al‐Ghorbani Mohammed
Published: January 2025

In the current study, new pyranopyrazole analogs (9a–d and 10a–d) were synthesized through a one‐pot condensation reaction of 2‐arylacetohydrazide. The inhibitory abilities were investigated against the xanthine oxidase (XO) enzyme through experimental and molecular docking analyses. The synthesis studies were based on ultrasound‐mediated condensation reactions of four‐component containing 2‐arylacetohydrazide, ethyl acetoacetate, indoline‐2,3‐dione, and ethyl 2‐cyanoacetate/malononitrile in various solvents and catalysts to yield pyranopyrazole analogs (9a–d and 10a–d) in a short reaction time and remarkably favorable yields ranging from 79% to 92%. On the basis of the XO inhibition study of compounds 9a–d and 10a–d, compound 10d was the most potent (IC50 = 0.09 ± 0.22 µM), followed by 9c (0.12 ± 0.11 µM). With IC50 values of 0.20 ± 0.27 and 0.17 ± 0.11 µM respectively, compounds 10a and 10c exhibited moderate activity. The other compounds have shown less activity compared to the allopurinol control (IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.10 µM). Furthermore, in the molecular docking analysis, compound 10d was predicted to have the highest binding affinity against the target XO enzyme.
A Rare and Intriguing Case of Wilson's Disease Initially Suspected of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
Authors: Khodashahi Mandana , Mohajeri Najmeh , Alipour Moeid Reza , Khademi Reza , Roshan Nama Mohamadian , Aminzadeh Behzad , Joghatayi Muhammed
Published: January 2025

When systematic lupus erythematosus‐like lab results (e.g., positive anti‐double‐stranded DNA antibody, low complement component 3) are inconsistent with physical findings, such as the absence of arthritis or nephritis, clinicians should consider diagnoses such as Wilson's disease, especially in the presence of abnormal liver function and elevated international normalized ratio (INR).
Advance Care Planning Initiatives in Critical Care Centers in Japan: A Case Report
Authors: Kamimura Yuni , Tsubaki Michihiro , Hattori Jun , Oi Marina , Maruhashi Takaaki , Ota Haruyo , Oki Miho , Takanashi Kota , Takahashi Maika , Sakurai Yoko , Asari Yasushi
Published: January 2025

This report examines the promotion of advance care planning (ACP) for patients admitted to critical care centers and discharged to home. Emergency transport experience allows patients and their families to realistically discuss her ACP.
Low‐Temperature Oxidation of Methane to Methanol on a Zeolitic Octahedral Metal Oxide
Authors: Guo Niu , Zhu Qianqian , Gou Ting , Hua Yihang , Zhang Lifeng , Li Yanshuo , Zhang Zhenxin
Published: January 2025

Direct oxidation of methane to methanol utilizing molecular oxygen under mild conditions is an important yet challenging process due to the difficulty in activating of methane under such conditions. In this research, we report on zeolitic octahedral metal oxides based on cobalt vanadotungstates, which act as the catalysts for the oxidation of methane using molecular oxygen as the oxidant without co‐reductants at a low temperature of 90 °C even as low as 60 °C. This catalytic process results in the high‐yield production of methanol as the primary product. The micropores within the catalyst are critical for achieving high activity in the reaction, in which molecular oxygen is activated. The active species in the reaction are found to be hydroxyl‐based. Both VO5 with reduced V4+ and Co2+ are crucial for generating the active species for the reaction.
Synthesis and Redox Chemistry of Co3E4 (E=P, As) Clusters
Authors: Piesch Martin , Dinauer Sabrina B. , Riesinger Christoph , Balázs Gábor , Scheer Manfred
Published: January 2025

The synthesis of the cluster complexes [(Cp’’’Co)3(μ3,η2:η2:η2‐E3)(μ3‐E)] (E=P (3), As (4)) starting from the anionic triple‐decker complexes [K(18cr6)(dme)2][(Cp’’’Co)2(μ,η4:η4‐E4)] (E=P (1), As (2)) by electrophilic quenching with the Co dimer [(Cp’’’CoCl)2] is reported. Both complexes show a distinct redox chemistry, which was first investigated by cyclic voltammetry. Subsequently, the monoanions [K(L)(sol)n][(Cp’’’Co)3(μ3,η2:η2:η2‐E3)(μ3‐E)] (E=P, L=18cr6, sol=dme, n=2 (5), E=As, L=2,2,2‐crypt, n=0 (6)), the monocations [(Cp’’’Co)3(μ3,η2:η2:η2‐E3)(μ3‐E)][FAl] (E=P (7), As (8)) and the dications [(Cp’’’Co)3(μ3,η3:η3:η3‐E4)][TEF]2 (E=P (9), As (10)) could be realized experimentally and isolated in moderate to good yields. All compounds were characterized by single crystal X‐ray structure analysis, NMR and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis.
Synthesis of a Gemcitabine Prodrug and its Encapsulation into Polymeric Nanoparticles for Improved Therapeutic Efficacy
Authors: Kaliya Kajal , Bhardwaj Neha , Ruchika  , Saneja Ankit
Published: January 2025

Gemcitabine (GEM), a chemotherapeutic agent, is widely used to treat various neoplastic conditions, such as pancreatic, lung, breast, and ovarian cancer. However, its therapeutic effectiveness is often hindered by its short half‐life and susceptibility to enzymatic degradation. To address these limitations, in this research, five new conjugates of GEM were synthesized by conjugating its N‐4 amino group with five different acids [4‐decenoic acid (4Dec), lipoic acid (Lipo), lauric acid (Laur), 5‐benzyl N‐(tert‐butoxycarbonyl)‐ L‐glutamate (Glu), and decanoic acid (Dec)]. The anticancer potential of these conjugates was evaluated using CCK‐8 assay. Among the synthesized conjugates, 4Dec‐GEM demonstrated comparable cytotoxic activity to native GEM. The mechanistic insight of 4Dec‐GEM was investigated using annexin‐V FITC/propidium iodide staining, reactive oxygen species generation, and mitochondrial membrane potential loss assays. To further enhance its therapeutic efficacy, 4Dec‐GEM was encapsulated into poly(lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles using single‐emulsion method using high‐pressure homogenization. The developed nanoparticles were characterized by various techniques (TEM, FT‐IR, DSC, p‐XRD) and demonstrated successful entrapment of 4Dec‐GEM inside PLGA nanoparticles. Finally, the cytotoxicity of developed nanoparticles demonstrated improved anticancer activity as compared to native GEM in cancerous cell lines. Our study demonstrated that the combination of prodrug and nanoparticle approach can be a promising approach to augment the therapeutic efficacy of GEM.
A national estimate of mental disorders and mortality outcomes in cancer survivors
Authors: Mai Tran Thi Xuan , Chung Min Sung , Cha Chihwan , Park Boyoung
Published: January 2025

Background

This study evaluated the prevalence of various mental disorders and their influence on mortality outcomes in individuals with cancer.

Methods

The authors' institutional database included patients with cancer diagnosed between 2011 and 2015 who had mental disorders and death information up to 2021. Mental disorders included nonaffective psychotic disorders, affective psychotic disorders, anxiety‐related and stress‐related disorders, alcohol or drug misuse, and mood disorders without psychotic symptoms. The causes of death were classified as all‐cause, cancer‐related, or suicide. Individual matching was performed to randomly match cancer survivors with and without mental disorders according to age at cancer diagnosis, year of cancer diagnosis, sex, and cancer site. The association between mental disorders and mortality risk was assessed using a Cox proportional hazards model and competing‐risk analyses.

Results

Among 637,491 cancer survivors (mean age, 58.9 years), there were 238,654 deaths from any cause and 2255 deaths from suicide. Incidence rates varied across disorders, with the highest rates observed for anxiety‐related and stress‐related disorders and mood disorders without psychotic symptoms. Mental disorders were associated with an increased risk of all‐cause and cancer‐related mortality. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for nonaffective psychotic disorders, affective psychotic disorders, anxiety‐related and stress‐related disorders, alcohol and drug misuse, and mood disorders without psychotic symptoms were as follows: HR, 2.49 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.22–2.80); HR, 2.38 (95% CI, 2.21–2.57); HR, 1.02 (95% CI, 1.01–1.04); HR, 2.13 (95% CI, 1.87–2.43); and HR, 1.27 (95% CI, 1.24–1.30), respectively, for all‐cause mortality. Suicide risk was higher in patients who had mental disorders, especially within the first 6 months after diagnosis.

Conclusions

The current findings underscore the impact of mental illness on mortality among cancer survivors in Korea, specifically highlighting the elevated rates of anxiety, stress, and mood disorders.
PARP‐1 Inhibition Increases Oxidative Stress in Ets‐1‐Expressing MDA‐MB‐231 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Hervieu Magalie , Legrand Arnaud J. , Floquet Emilie , Idziorek Thierry , Spriet Corentin , Monté Didier , Villeret Vincent , Aumercier Marc , Choul‐li Souhaila
Published: January 2025

Background

The Ets‐1 transcription factor plays a primordial role in regulating the expression of numerous genes implicated in cancer progression. In a previous study, we revealed that poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1) inhibition by PJ‐34 results in Ets‐1 level increase in cells, which is related with cell death of Ets‐1‐expressing cancer cells.

Aims

The mechanism of the antitumor effect of PARP‐1 inhibition was investigated in the Ets‐1‐expressing MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells.

Methods and Results

We tested the effects of four PARP inhibitors (PARPi) (PJ‐34, Veliparib, Olaparib, and Rucaparib). We first demonstrated that PARPi reduced cells growth through G2/M cell cycle arrest. Next, we evaluated PARP‐1 inhibition effect on oxidative DNA damage in Ets‐1‐overexpressing and Ets‐1‐non‐expressing breast cancer cells and we showed that PARPi led only Ets‐1‐overexpressing cells to accumulate it, which triggers the DNA damage response as revealed by the increase in the level of a panel of DNA damage‐related proteins. Importantly, we demonstrated that PARPi increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), only in Ets‐1‐overexpressing cells and this is accompanied by upregulation of p47phox expression, a subunit of the NAPDH oxidase (NOX).

Conclusion

These preliminary findings correlate PARPi‐induced oxidative DNA damage/oxidative stress to Ets‐1 expression in breast cancer cells.
The Role of Social Initiatives in the Financial Success of Family Businesses
Authors: Orellana Alicia Ramírez , Escobar Silvia Giralt , González‐Tejero Cristina Blanco
Published: January 2025

Sustainability and business success require ongoing analysis of variables that can impact the stability, efficiency, and evolution of family businesses. To this end, a study based on the environmental, social, and governmental (ESG) variables linked to financial performance was conducted on 93 publicly traded family businesses in the global retail and consumer markets sector in 2023, utilizing data from Thomson Reuters Eikon. Control variables, such as company size, number of employees, and indebtedness, were incorporated. The methodology employed involved a partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) using SmartPLS. This analysis underscores the importance of social initiatives in enhancing financial outcomes for family businesses in the retail and consumer markets sector above the rest of the selected key variables. The originality of this research lies in its distinctive focus on the social dimension as the primary factor influencing the financial outcomes of family businesses. By highlighting the importance of social initiatives, the study provides an empirical basis that enables academics and business leaders to consider key variables in business development. This facilitates the design of strategies centered on these elements, contributing to the advancement of knowledge in the management of family businesses and their long‐term sustainability.
Energy‐Saving Electrochemical Hydrogen Production via Amorphous CoMoP/NF Bifunctional Catalyst Coupled with HMF Oxidation Reactions in Alkaline Electrolyte
Authors: Dong Ao , Guo Chengyang , Zhang Shuo , Song Yunjin , Deng Xiaoyan , Gao Hongtao
Published: January 2025

To improve water splitting efficiency and enhance energy utilization, it is crucial to develop catalysts with excellent activity, long‐term stability, and low cost. In this study, we synthesized a three‐dimensional nanostructured amorphous CoMoP/NF bifunctional catalyst for both the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the 5‐hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (HMFOR), using a sacrificial template method. Benefiting from element doping regulation and morphology control, CoMoP/NF exhibited outstanding catalytic activity. Notably, in an electrolytic water system coupled with HER and HMFOR, a cell voltage of only 1.5 V was required at a current density of 20 mA cm−2, approximately 189 mV lower than that of a traditional water electrolysis system. This study presents a novel energy‐saving method for hydrogen production through the HER/HMFOR electrolysis system.
Thyroglobulin mRNA ectopic expression was an excellent marker to detect lymph node metastasis for patients with papillary thyroid cancer
Authors: Du Wen‐Hua , Chen Ying‐Chao , Jin Ning , Zhang Yuan‐yuan , Ji Bao‐Lan , Wu Jing , Wu Feng‐Yao , Zhao Shuang‐Xia , Han Bing , Song Huai‐Dong , Dong Mei
Published: January 2025

Objective

To investigate whether the mRNA expression of thyroglobulin (TG) and TSH receptor (TSHR) in lymph node could be used to diagnose lymph node metastasis in patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC).

Subjects and methods

Around 156 paraffin samples of lymph nodes from 89 patients with PTC after surgery were collected, and the expressions of TG and TSHR mRNA were detected by nested qPCR.

Results

Compared with the results of confirmed histopathology, 86 out of 87 tissues of lymph nodes metastasis ectopically expressed TG mRNA, while 66 out of 69 tissues of non‐metastasis lymph nodes did not express the TG mRNA. The specificity and sensitivity of TG mRNA measurement for detecting the lymph node metastasis were 95.65% and 98.85%, as effective as the first postoperative histopathology. However, the specificity and sensitivity of TSHR mRNA measurement were 92.75% and 85.06%, respectively. The accuracy of TG, TSHR mRNA measurement and the first postoperative histopathology were 97.44%, 88.46% and 95.51%, with the positive predictive rate (PPR) 96.63%, 93.67%, and 98.78%, respectively, negative predictive rate (NPR) 98.51%, 83.12% and 91.89%, respectively, as well as Youden's index 0.95, 0.78 and 0.92.

Conclusions

TG mRNA ectopic expression in the lymph node might be an excellent marker to diagnose the lymph node metastasis for patients with PTCs.
Identification of CENPM as a key gene driving adrenocortical carcinoma metastasis via physical interaction with immune checkpoint ligand FGL1
Authors: Zou Cunru , Zhang Yu , Liu Chengyue , Li Yaxin , Lin Congjie , Chen Hao , Hou Jiangping , Gao Guojun , Liu Zheng , Yan Qiupeng , Su Wenxia
Published: January 2025

Background

Distant metastasis occurs in the majority of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), leading to an extremely poor prognosis. However, the key genes driving ACC metastasis remain unclear.

Methods

Weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) and functional enrichment analysis were conducted to identify ACC metastasis‐related genes. Data from RNA‐seq and microarray were analyzed to reveal correlations of the CENPM gene with cancer, metastasis, and survival in ACC. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess CENPM protein expression. The impact of CENPM on metastasis behaviour was verified in ACC (H295R and SW‐13) cells and xenograft NPG mice. DIA quantitative proteomics analysis, western blot, immunofluorescence, and co‐immunoprecipitation assay were performed to identify the downstream target of CENPM.

Results

Among the 12 035 analyzed genes, 363 genes were related to ACC metastasis and CENPM was identified as the hub gene. CENPM was upregulated in ACC samples and associated with metastasis and poor prognosis. Knockdown of CENPM inhibited proliferation, invasion, and migration of ACC cells and suppressed liver metastasis in xenograft NPG mice. Collagen‐containing extracellular matrix signalling was primarily downregulated when CENPM was knocked down. FGL1, important components of ECM signalling and immune checkpoint ligand of LAG3, were downregulated following CENPM silence, overexpressed in human advanced ACC samples, and colocalized with CENPM. Physical interaction between CENPM and FGL1 was identified. Overexpression of FGL1 rescued migration and invasion of CENPM knockdown ACC cells.

Conclusions

CENPM is a key gene in driving ACC metastasis. CENPM promotes ACC metastasis through physical interaction with the immune checkpoint ligand FGL1. CENPM can be used as a new prognostic biomarker and therapeutic target for metastatic ACC.

Highlights

CENPM is the key gene that drives ACC metastasis, and a robust biomarker for ACC prognosis.

Silencing CENPM impedes ACC metastasis in vitro and in vivo by physical interaction with immune checkpoint ligand FGL1.

FGL1 is overexpressed in ACC and promotes ACC metastasis.
Cuckoo Hosts Fine‐Tune Their Egg Rejection After Experiencing a Parasitism Event
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Longwu , Liu Jianping , Liang Wei
Published: January 2025

Recognising and rejecting parasitic eggs is one of the most common anti‐parasitism strategies used by host birds. However, the egg rejection of some hosts exhibits behavioural plasticity. To investigate whether the egg rejection behaviour of host birds changes after encountering a parasitism event, we conducted egg rejection experiments on the locally most common host of the common cuckoo (Cuculus canorus), the grey bushchat (Saxicola ferreus) in Yunnan, China. When a single pure white egg of the white‐rumped munia (Lonchura striata) or a blue model egg was individually added to the nest of the grey bushchat, the rejection rate for the white‐rumped munia eggs was as high as 93.3%, whereas the rejection rate for the blue model egg was minimal (5.56%). However, when the grey bushchat rejected the munia egg and a blue model egg was subsequently added to its nest, the rejection rate for the blue model egg was significantly higher, reaching 54.5%. When recognised, the presence of a non‐mimetic foreign egg in the nest may then act as a cue indicating high parasitism risk for the host. Consequently, the bird may intensify its inspection of nest eggs, leading to increased rejection of the previously accepted blue model eggs. Our results are consistent with the optimal acceptance threshold hypothesis, suggesting that as the parasitism risk increases, the grey bushchat adjusts its acceptance threshold for foreign eggs to become more stringent.
Persistence of Reptile DNA in a Terrestrial Substrate: A Case Study Using the Eastern Indigo Snake
Authors: Samuels Leah R. N. , Chandler Houston C. , Hoffman Michelle , Kronenberger John A. , Elmore Michele , Aldredge Robert , Stegenga Benjamin S. , Bogan James E. , Davis Mark A. , Hertz Stephanie , Schwartz Michael K. , Wilcox Taylor
Published: January 2025

Environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis of terrestrial substrates, such as soil and sand, is a rapid and potentially cost‐effective way to monitor rare wildlife species. A promising use‐case in the southeastern United States is provided by the eastern indigo snake (Drymarchon couperi), for which accurate monitoring has been challenging due to large home ranges and low‐density populations. However, knowledge gaps regarding eDNA deposition and persistence in this system currently limit our ability to apply eDNA sampling effectively at the landscape scale. To overcome some of these gaps, we used an optimized soil and sand eDNA extraction protocol and species‐specific qPCR assay to conduct a full factorial experiment of eastern indigo snake DNA detection in sand as a function of the duration of snake presence and time since snake removal. We then used these data and a generalized linear mixed model to predict detection probability. Of the 224 total experimental samples, 68 (30.4%) tested positive for eastern indigo snake eDNA. Our model predicted that, with long periods in the enclosure and sampling soon after snake removal, eastern indigo snake eDNA is detectable 68.7% of the time. Eastern indigo snake DNA was detectable in as little as 100 s of snake presence in the enclosure (Pr = 21.1%) and for as long as 10 days after snake presence (Pr = 27.7%). These results suggest that DNA sampling in terrestrial systems may be an effective tool for increasing the temporal window of rare snake detection and a useful complement to existing sampling methods for eastern indigo snakes.
Survival of Human Bone Marrow Plasma Cells In Vitro Depends on the Support of the Stromal Cells, PI3K, and Canonical NF‐kappaB Signaling
Authors: Uyar‐Aydin Zehra , Kadler Shirin , Lauster Roland , Bartfeld Sina , Rosowski Mark
Published: January 2025

Contrary to short‐lived plasma cells, which survive only 3–5 days, long‐lived plasma cells (LLPCs) contribute to the humoral memory of the body and thus also to many antibody‐related diseases. The ability of plasma cells to persist over months, years, and even a lifetime has been demonstrated in vivo. Yet, the in vitro culture of human primary bone marrow‐derived plasma cells has been limited to a few days. Here, we establish culture conditions for human primary bone marrow‐derived plasma cells for 21 days. Plasma cells and stromal cells are isolated from human bone marrow and cultured in 2D or a 3D ceramic scaffold. The plasma cells’ survival and antibody secretion depend on direct contact with stromal cells. The culture promotes CD19‐negative PCs. Inhibition of the PI3K or NF‐kappaB pathways using chemical inhibitors reduced the survival of the plasma cells. These results underline the supportive role of the stromal cells for the survival of the LLPC and confirm mechanisms that were identified in mouse LLPCs also for human LLPCs. The culture described here will promote further studies to deepen our understanding of the human LLPC.
Experimental Investigation of the Process and Product Parameter Pressure, Temperature, and Aspect Ratio on the Wetting Behavior of Lithium‐Ion Battery Cells
Authors: Kaden Nicolaj , Guo Weihan , Göhrmann Mats , Koch Tobias , Cheng Jincai , Nguyen Do Minh , Schlimbach Ricarda , Dröder Klaus
Published: January 2025

The production of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) is crucial for advancing energy‐storage technologies, yet uncertainties remain regarding key influencing factors along the process chain. Specifically, the electrolyte filling process is critical for optimal cell performance. In this study, the unknown effects of differential pressure, different temperature for the materials, and the geometrical cell design are investigated through the aspect ratio (lengths to height ratio) on the wetting behavior of LIB cells. Using a custom‐designed test stand, impedance change |ż| at 1 Hz is measured during electrolyte dispensing and wetting while varying temperature, pressure, and the cells’ aspect ratio. In the results, it is indicated that lower evacuation pressures significantly increase the wetting rate, reducing wetting durations. Higher differential pressures enhance wetting efficiency by compressing the electrode‐separator composite (ESC) materials. Elevated electrolyte temperatures decrease viscosity, resulting in faster wetting times. Temperature variations between the ESC material and electrolyte lead to heat equalization, with no discernible impact on partial gas pressure. Additionally, increased aspect ratios in cell design reduce wetting times due to shorter distances for the wetting front to travel. In these findings, valuable insights are provided for optimizing battery cell manufacturing, contributing to improved efficiency and performance in next‐generation battery technologies.
An Explainable ADASYN‐Based Focal Loss Approach for Credit Assessment
Authors: Ali Shahee Shaukat , Patel Rujavi
Published: January 2025

The integration of deep learning techniques with financial technology (fintech) has revolutionized the credit risk analysis, a critical component of financial risk management. A pervasive challenge in credit risk assessment lies in the skewed distribution of data, hindering accurate predictions, particularly for minority class instances. In available literature, various solutions have been proposed to address class imbalance, albeit with limitations. Focal loss is one of the well‐known loss functions proposed for handling class imbalance by running the hyperparameter . However, imbalance still remains in terms of number of hard‐to‐learn observations between the classes. In this paper, we have proposed integration of ADASYN with focal loss to mitigate class imbalance and enhance credit scoring accuracy. ADASYN systematically generates synthetic data based on hard‐to‐learn examples to counter skewed distributions, while focal loss prioritizes the training of challenging examples, fostering a more balanced model performance. This approach has been rigorously tested using real‐world imbalanced datasets and credit assessment data, and the outcomes have been compared against a range of sample technique and loss function combinations. The results clearly show that our suggested strategy is better than other approaches. Although improving the accuracy of credit risk analysis is critical, model interpretability is just as important for enabling financial analysts to make wise choices. In order to solve this, we have measured the global and local contributions of each feature using SHAP (Shapley additive explanation). According to global interpretability, the top 4 parameters influencing credit risk assessment are checking account status, loan purpose, borrower age, credit history, and interest rate/installment rate. Moreover, local interpretability analysis reveals quantitative and direction differences in feature contributions. These revelations not only broaden our knowledge of credit assessment services but also highlight how important a role they could play in attracting new clients and generating income. This paper also highlights how the suggested approach may be scaled to other imbalanced real‐world datasets, demonstrating how it can improve model performance in terms of AUC, G‐mean, and F‐measure.
Characterization of Heavy Metal Ions Removal from Water by Improved Cuttlebone Powder with Magnetic Fe3O4 Nanoparticle as a Bioadsorbent
Authors: Didaran Aida , Sadeghi Mahnaz Sadat , Manavi Parisa Nejatkhah , Rabbani Mohammad
Published: January 2025

Scientists are constantly striving to develop improved methods for reducing or eliminating the discharge of harmful heavy metals into drinking water sources and the environment. In light of this, this study investigates the potential of utilizing a naturally available and sustainable bio‐waste material, Sepia pharaonis cuttlebone Powder (SCP), as an exceptionally effective adsorbent for the adsorption of Ni (II), Pb (II), Cu (II), and Fe (II) ions. SCP is also characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Xray diffraction (XRD), and Energy dispersive Xray (EDX) analysis. The results reveal that the highest absorption values for Ni (II), Cu (II), and Fe (II) ions are observed at pH 8, while Pb (II) ions exhibit the highest absorption at pH 4. The absorption percentage of the ions displays an increasing trend with the amount of SCP used, as well as with contact time and magnetizing SCP duration. Additionally, the addition of Fe3O4 to SCP significantly improves the absorption rate of the samples. Both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models are found to fit the experimental data well. Overall, SCP, with or without Fe3O4 nanoparticles, shows great promise for water remediation processes by effectively removing heavy metals.