bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Manufacturing Execution Systems Based on Model-Driven Architecture
Authors: Chai Yong Sheng , Wang Quan Bin , Zhou Yu Lan , Zhu Bin
Published: March 2009

By analyzing the trend of MES (Manufacturing Execution Systems), the concept of
RMES (Reconfigurable Manufacturing Execution Systems) is put forward, which takes information
integration as groundwork, aims at optimization of production processes and supports
organizations, resources and processes for flexible conFig.. MDA (Model-driven Architecture) is
introduced to provide more flexible in the process of the development of RMES, which would adapt
to different technology used by the bottom systems and provide a more effective method to build
RMES. During the development of RMES, many models are created, such as the model of business
analysis, the model of components and the model of deployment. An instance of the system of plan,
part of RMES, is presented to show how MDA used in the process of the development of RMES.
Later, an application is given to show that RMES based on MDA can decrease the costs of
development and maintenance for fitting the evolution of the enterprise.
A New Software Design Method Based on Configuration Conception
Authors: Yang Ya Luo , Wang Run Xiao , Ku Xiang Chen , Huang Wei
Published: March 2009

In this paper, a new pattern of software design was put forward by the research of
traditional design pattern, which is based on configuration conception to design software. The
application of configuration conception in some software system was discussed in detail.
Real Time Monitoring of Cutting Chatter Based on Fuzzy Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Zhang Chun Liang , Chen Li Ping
Published: March 2009

The full automation of machine tools has gained substantial importance in manufacturing
industries in recent years, as machining technology has progressed from manually operated
production machines to highly advanced and sophisticated CNC machine tool. Whereas
manufacturing technology has moved to the stage of automation, there is still an unsolved problem
in metal cutting processes: cutting chatter. Due to its complexity, thus cutting chatter is still the
primary problem in metal cutting processes. According to the characteristic of cutting chatter, a real
time monitoring technique of cutting chatter based on fuzzy hidden Markov model (FHMM) was
presented. Hidden Markov model (HMM) is a state-of-the-art technique for speech recognition
because of its elegant mathematical structure and the availability of computer implementation of
these models. In this paper, the fuzzy EM algorithm was used to the Baum-Welch algorithm in the
HMM method, and the strategy of time frequency feature extraction to non-stability signal was
described. The experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible and effective for the
monitoring of cutting chatter in the metal cutting processes.
Research on Influence of the Material Anisotropy to the Surface Quality during SPDT Machining of Crystal KDP
Authors: Chen Ming Jun , Liang Ying Chun , Wang Jing He , Zhang Xin Zhou
Published: March 2009

A theoretical analysis on the variation regularity of cutting force caused by the material anisotropy with different orientation of KDP is analyzed firstly; influence and regularity of the variation are obtained. Analysis result shows that the crystal anisotropy of KDP is an important factor in obtaining the super-smooth surface. Then experiments are realized on the machine tool, results afford the variation regularity of cutting force caused by the anisotropy with different orientation of KDP, which certifies the correctness of this theoretical analysis. For ultra-precision machining of the KDP at large negative rake diamond cutter (-45°) and the optimal parameters, the super-smooth surface (rms is 8.702 nm, Ra is 6.895 nm) can be obtained on the plane (001).
Research on EDC Special Pulse Generator and Its Experiments
Authors: Wang Zhen Long , Fang Yu , Zhao Wan Sheng
Published: March 2009

A modified coating layer had been deposited on the surface of the workpiece with the
electrode made of special materials by normal Electrical Discharge Machining (EDM) method in
the recent years, and the surface performance had been improved. But, it also has been found that
the deposited materials from the electrode can’t be melted fully on the workpiece and the compact
coating can’t be formed because of the quencher and quickly heated effect with normal EDM pulse
generator in the experiments. And there are other problems existing such as residual stress, crack
and so on. In order to solve the above problems, a kind of special Electrical Discharge Coating
(EDC) pulse generator is designed in this paper. The hard coating with less crack and higher coating
efficiency can be expected with this special generator.
Kinematic Modeling and Error Analysis for a 3DOF Parallel-Link Coordinate Measuring Machine
Authors: Liu De Jun , Liang Hua Qing , Yin Hong Dong , Qian Bu Ren
Published: March 2009

First, the forward kinematic model, the inverse kinematic model and the error model of a
kind of coordinate measuring machine (CMM) using 3-DOF parallel-link mechanism are established
based on the spatial mechanics theory and the total differential method, and the error model is verified
by computer simulation. Then, the influence of structural parameter errors on probe position errors is
systematically considered. This research provides an essential theoretical basis for increasing the
measuring accuracy of the parallel-link coordinate measuring machine. It is of particular importance
to develop the prototype of the new measuring equipment.
Dry-Cutting Concrete Study of Diamond Saw Blade with Different Segment Width
Authors: Hu Shan Shan , Wang Cheng Yong , Chen Bang Dao , Hu Ying Ning
Published: March 2009

Three kind of diamond circular saw blade with different structure parameters are designed in
this paper. Adopted single-factor test, sawing force and vibration are measured by cutting several kinds of
strength concrete in different cutting parameters. The analysis to characters of sawing force and vibration
helps to find out optimum structure of diamond saw blade with different segment width, more rational
sawing parameter and its adaptability to workpiece material.
Research on High Speed Face Milling Cutter Based on the Model of Stress Field
Authors: Zheng Min Li , Jiang Bin , Chen Bin Hu , Sun Yong Jun
Published: March 2009

According to the characteristics of high speed face milling process, the models of the
stress field for high speed face milling cutter with two sorts of structure are proposed and
established. By means of the finite element analysis of the stress field for high speed face milling
cutters, the law of influence of the cutter’s structure, the cutter’s subassemblies and the fixing rake
of inserts on the stress field of cutter is acquired under the action of high rotate speed. In this
foundation, the model reconstruction and the stress field analysis of the cutter are completed, and
the model of evaluation for dynamic cutting performance of high speed face milling cutter is
established. The results of high speed face milling experiment and frequency spectrum analysis of
dynamic cutting force of the cutter indicate that high speed face milling cutter with the fixing rake
of zero degree and less subassemblies takes on better dynamic high speed cutting performance.
Effect of Air Cooling on the Process of High Speed Hard Cutting GCr15
Authors: Hu Jing Shu , Pen Hong Min , Wang Yu , Chen Tao , Chang Zhen , Liu Xian Li
Published: March 2009

Air cooling is a near dry machining method, which cools cutting area and evacuates chip using low temperature wind instead of cutting liquid. It can decrease tool wear, improve tool life, reduce cost and produce no chemical pollution. In this paper, air cooling system is established, in which vortex tube is used for cooling. Air cooling test was carried on, in which high hardness bear steel GCr15 is machined by PCBN tool. Experiment results indicated that cold air from vortex tube has a significant effect on cutting force, cutting temperature and chip formation process. Cutting force and cutting temperature were simulated using Marc. Change rules that analysis results indicated are in accordance with experiment results. This paper’s conclusions have a great reference value for the practical application of air cooling technology.
Application of an Intelligent Force Controller for Robotic Deburring Process
Authors: Wang Xian Lun , Wang Yong , Xue Yun Na
Published: March 2009

To achieve the desired dynamic impedance and the smooth chamfer contour, some
adaptive controls and intelligent control schemes are incorporated in the impedance control for
uncertain constrained robot systems. Most of them still result in an uneven chamfer for its
characteristics in nature as the burrs vary highly. In this paper, an intelligent force controller based on
impedance control with a neural network compensator is proposed for the robotic deburring process.
The compensator is used to deal with the various burrs by modifying the input command according to
the contact force and reference position. The performance of the intelligent force controller is
compared with the conventional impedance control. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is
testified by simulation experiments of the robotic deburring process.
On Study of Cutting Forces Generated by Minor Cutting Edges
Authors: Zhao Wen Hong , Xiong Si Chang , Wen Dong Hui , Lv Xun , Yuan Ju Long
Published: March 2009

An experimental procedure was developed to separated the uncertain cutting forces
generated by the minor cutting edges for interpreted the force components generated by the main and
minor cutting edge. Cutting forces generated by minor cutting edges were investigated by
experiments in precision hard part machining hardened GCr15 bearing steel with BZN8200 PCBN
tool. With the improved chip loads, constitutive model and chip flow angle model, the predicted
cutting forces show great agreement with the experimental results and verified the reliability of an
improved cutting force model.
Synthesis Error Modeling and Thermal Error Compensation of Five-Axis Machining Center
Authors: Wang Xiu Shan , Yang Jian Guo , Guo Qian Jian
Published: March 2009

The synthesis error model of UCP710 five-axis machining center is divided into two
parts: the position and orientation error models, and the article gets their models which are used as
real-time compensation. One data collector system of thermal displacement and temperature is
developed and used as real-time compensation for UCP710. The results of thermal error
compensation have proved that the error model is correct and collector system works well.
Study on Surface Integrity in Hard Milling of Hardened Die Steel
Authors: Jing Lu Lu , Liu Gang , Chen Ming
Published: March 2009

In die and mold industry, there is a tendency to use milling in the finishing machining of
dies and molds as an alternative to the traditional EDM process, consequently the surface integrity
in milling is considered as one of the most important indices. In this study, surface roughness,
micrograph of machined surface, surface microhardness, residual stress, and metallurgical texture of
the surface layer were considered. The influence of geometrical characteristics of cutting tools and
tool wear on surface integrity was studied. The results showed that hard milling of hardened die
steel could yield a quite satisfied surface integrity by proper process; compressive residual stress
was induced on machined surface, and the compressive stress induced in transversal direction was
almost 3 times of that in longitudinal direction; tool wear had a significant negative influence on
surface finish and caused the machined surface soften. These conclusions revealed the effects of
tool conditions on surface integrity and would play a practical significance in the machining of
hardened die steel.
Formation and Control of Feed Direction Burrs in Machining
Authors: Wang Gui Cheng , Zhang Chun Yan , Pei Hong Jie , Zhu Yun Ming , Ma Li Jie
Published: March 2009

Based on the metal cutting experiments, the forming model of feed direction burr is
proposed in the paper, a physical parameter of determining the generating of typeⅠ feed direction
burr — critical tool edge angle rI χ is given. And the main factors which influence rI χ are studied by
the experiment, and related theory analysis is made. Furthermore, some new controlling methods and
technology to restrain or decrease the feed direction burr in machining are developed.
Effects of Surface Conditions on Rheological Properties and Phase Orientation of Sheared LCP Melts in Nanochannels by MD Studies
Authors: He Lan , Yung Kai Leung , Shen Yun Wen , Xu Yan
Published: March 2009

The rheological properties and phase orientation of liquid crystalline polymer (LCP)
melts flowing in a nanochannel with different surface roughness are investigated by molecular
dynamics (MD) simulations. Simulation results show the surface roughness has great impact on the
rheological properties and phase orientation of LCP melts in the nanochannel (cross section is
12nm). As the amplitude of serrations increases, the shear viscosity increases nonlinearly and the
value of orientational order parameter decreases. When the serration amplitude is larger than 1.1nm,
a phase transition (from nematic to isotropic phase) of LCP melt happens, which makes flowing in
nanochannels more difficult. On the other hand, the influence of serration period on the shear
viscosity and orientational order parameter are found not so obvious. Findings in this study will be
helpful for injection molding plastic products with nanofeatures.
Study of the Classification of Cutting Forces and the Build of Accurate Milling Force Model in End Milling
Authors: Kang Yong Gang , Wang Zhong Qi , Lou Wen Ming , Jiang Cheng Yu
Published: March 2009

A new approach is proposed to model the milling force based on the cutting force shape
characteristics in end milling. The relationship between the cutting force shape characteristics and the
cutting depths is analyzed and milling forces are classified into 10 types according to the combination
of cutting depths. Further, force indices are extracted and then the real cutting depths are detected
based on the changes of force curve characteristics via the force indices in end milling process. Then,
bring forward a method of modeling cutting force based on the different types, and the use of real
cutting depth makes the model to be more accurately. More important, experiments designed on the
classification of milling forces strengthen the pertinence, and makes the experiment data more reliable.
The approach is validated through experiments on aluminum alloy 7050-T7451.
Tool Wear and Surface Integrity in High Speed Milling of a Near Alpha Titanium Alloy
Authors: Zhang Yi Ping , Xu Jiu Hua , Geng Guo Sheng
Published: March 2009

Ti-6.5Al-2Zr-1Mo-1V is a near alpha titanium alloy strengthened by solid solution with
Al and other components. In this study, a series of experiments on tool wear and surface integrity in
high speed milling (HSM) of this alloy were carried out. The tool lives under different cutting
speeds were studied and the corresponding empirical equation of tool life was derived. Additionally,
the wear mechanism of cutting tools was also discussed. Finally, surface integrity, including surface
roughness, metallograph, work hardening and residual stresses, were examined and analysed. The
result shows that good surface quality of workpiece could be obtained in HSM of the alloy.
Topological Design of Three-Dimensional Microstructure Based on Homogenization Effective Method
Authors: Qiu Ke Peng , Zhang Wei Hong , Sun Shi Ping , Zhu Ji Hong
Published: March 2009

Nowadays, the topology optimization method is extensively adopted for the design of material microstructures to achieve desired behaviors. The present work is concerned with the optimal design of the stiffness and thermal conductivity of 3D microstructure unit cells with the specific material volume fraction in conjunction with the homogenization method and the finite element method. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate that optimal material layouts are successfully achieved and the initial layout has a great effect on the optimal microstructure.
Study of the Effect of Coatings on Mechanical Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy during Laser Shock Processing
Authors: Ren Xu Dong , Zhang Yong Kang , Zhou Jian Zhong , Feng Ai Xin , Kong De Jun
Published: March 2009

During the process of laser shock processing (LSP), we use high power Nd:Glass laser
systems which result in significantly improve fatigue properties and stress corrosion cracking in
titanium components. An ablative coating such as black painting and aluminum foil are used to
protect the titanium component from surface melting by laser pulse, which adversely affects sample
fatigue life. Three different shock-processing configurations are considered: non-ablative exposure,
aluminum foil and confined ablation with black painting. We analyzed effect of the coatings on the
shock wave propagation into the titanium specimen and the resulting change in mechanical
properties versus depth. Near the surface, yield strength and hardness are found to be increased by
laser shock, the titanium surface for all coatings increased in yield strength by 16% to 37%. The
result have demonstrated that surface hardness can be improved by 31 percent over a machine
worked surface with black paintings and be improved by 25 percent with aluminum foil .The
experiment aim is to report the effect of the ablative, sacrificial coatings on the laser pulse
generation of shock waves and their propagation into the titanium alloys and the resulting change in
mechanical properties below the surface versus depth.
On Auto-Programming for NC Machining of Aspheric Curve
Authors: Zhang Zi Qiang , Ge Yong Chao , Zheng Zhi Dan , Chen Shao Bo
Published: March 2009

Approximate Double Circular Arc Interpolated Method (ADCAIM) has been proposed
by the authors. It requires only the included angles in the normal directions of the adjacent arcs at
intersection points to be less than specified value, but does not require the adjacent arcs to be
tangent as in other circular arc interpolated methods. ADCAIM is an approximate method with
better calculating speed because of its concise calculation, and its interpolated error can meet the
requirement too. The problems in NC programming of aspheric curves have been solved by using
ADCAIM. In this paper, to the plane profile including aspheric curves, using VB program language
as the second development tool, auto-programming for NC machining of aspheric curve is also
realized by using ADCAIM, as long as the curve’s profile graphics on the AutoCAD is known. The
research result indicates: the method introduced in this paper can meet the needs of NC machining
in both interpolated accuracy and calculating speed for the example.
Thermal Effects on Elasto-Plastic Contacts between Rough Surfaces
Authors: Liu Geng , Liu Tian Xiang , Xie Qin
Published: March 2009

The effects of the steady-state frictional heating on the contact performance of surface
asperities and subsurface stress fields between rough surfaces are investigated in this paper. The
asperity distortion caused by the temperature variation in a tribological process, micro plastic flow
of surface asperities, and the coupled thermo-elasto-plastic behavior of the materials, with and
without considering the strain-hardening property of the materials are studied. In addition, the
contact pressure, real area of contact, and average gap of real rough surface with different frictional
heat inputs under the thermal elasto-plastic contact conditions are analyzed and discussed.
Simulation of Gas-Solid-Liquid Three-Phase Flow Inside and Outside the Abrasive Water Jet Nozzle
Authors: Hou Rong Guo , Huang Chuan Zhen , Wang Jun , Zhu Hong Tao , Feng Yan Xia
Published: March 2009

Simulation of the velocity field of gas-solid-liquid three-phase flow inside and outside
the abrasive water jet nozzle was studied by the computational fluid dynamics software (CFD). The
complicated velocity field of the flow in the abrasive water jet (AWJ) nozzle and the abrasive track
in the nozzle were obtained. In the course of the simulation, the inter-phase drag exchange
coefficient model uses Gidaspow model (gas-solid), Wen-yu model (water-solid), Schiller-Naumann
model (water-gas) respectively. The simulation results indicate that the swirl is produced in the
nozzle and the abrasives are accelerated and moved around the swirl, and they are all distributed
along the inner surface of the nozzle, the gas is mostly distributed in the center of swirl. The
dispersion of the flow happens when it flows out of the nozzle, it can be divided into three zones,
that is core zone, middle zone and border zone. At the core zone the velocity changes little while the
velocity changes greatly at the middle zone, the velocity fluctuates greatly at the border zone.
The Study of Five-Axis NC Simulation by Stencil Buffer Algorithm
Authors: Wang Yu Han , Zhang Li Qiang , Chen Ming
Published: March 2009

Five-axis CNC machining tools can improve the efficiency and accuracy obviously in
machining industries, but the machining errors and tool interference are likely to happen due to the
complexity of tool motion. So the verification of the tool path is very important and necessary
before machining the part. A new algorithm for 5-axis machining verification based on the stencil
buffer has been presented in the paper. Based on the tool path and the cutter geometry, the cutter’s
swept profile is determined. The swept envelope is subtracted from the sliced blank part model by
using the stencil buffer. Considering the complexity of five-axis tool motions, examples are
necessary to verify the reliability of the proposed algorithms. The experiment results indicate that
the method is superior to the traditional methods on the processing time and the image quality. This
proposed method can further be applied to machining error analysis, collisions interference.
Research on GA-ANN Integration and Its Applications to Cold Extrusion Process Design
Authors: Ji Ting Wei , Gao Jun , Zhao Guo Qun , Zhang Cheng Rui
Published: March 2009

Based on the research of the functions of ANN-based cold extrusion process design system, genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to optimize the topology and parameters of artificial neural networks (ANN), in order to improve the running efficiency of the networks. The binary encoding approach is implemented to represent the GA chromosome. The code string or the chromosome was divided into three parts: the first part is the binary code of the cold extruded part; the second part is the binary code of the topology and parameters of ANN; the last is the binary code of the semi-cold-extruded-part or the billet. The 1/F(X) function is selected as the fitness function in GA, where, X represents the binary code of the cold extruded part, F(X) represents the error between the real outputs of ANN and the desired results; the biased roulette wheel selection method is used for selecting operation in this paper; two-point crossover and one-point mutation are selected for these two types of genetic operations. Finally, the typical cold extruded part is used for verification as an example by using the optimized ANN, the result shows that ANN optimized by GA has efficiency and validity in the cold extrusion process design system.
TRIZ-Aided Innovation in Conceptual Design of Control Strategies
Authors: Liu Ge Qun , Liu Wei Guo
Published: March 2009

Research on innovative methods for Conceptual Design of Control Strategies (CDCS) is
of great theoretical and engineering meaning. In this paper, TRIZ-aided innovation in CDCS was
proposed. At first, a systematic approach to build a new theory of inventive problem solving
specialized for control strategies (TRIZ-CS) was proposed with its systemic structure was given.
Then the Block-Signal analysis model (B-S analysis model) was proposed based on Su-Field
analysis model in TRIZ with its symbol system and application procedure. Finally four examples
were given to show the rationality of TRIZ-aided innovation in CDCS and effectiveness of B-S
analysis model. The examples show that TRIZ-aided innovation is a systematic, effective and
practical innovative methodology for CDCS.
Case-Based Assembly Coordination Process Planning for Aircraft
Authors: Zhang Kai Fu , Li Yuan , Qiu Xi , Yang Hai Cheng
Published: March 2009

To improve efficiency and veracity of planning ACP, and to adequately utilize some
knowledge or experience in ACP and the minds of assembly engineers, we apply CBR to ACP
planning and present an approach to ACP planning based on CBR for aircraft. The approach mainly
includes three aspects: (1) building case library of ACP and defining QC. (2) designing a algorithm
searching ACC, including four key factors: SD of important coordination location; SD of assembly
coordination approach; SD of assembly allowance requirement; SD of assembly benchmark; (3)
retrieving and reusing ACC. Lastly, as shown by an example about a wing, our approach satisfies
good efficiency and veracity of planning ACP and can make use of experiences of ACP.
Numerical Simulation of Heat and Mass Transfer of the Infiltration in Liquid Infiltration Extrusion Process
Authors: Su Li Zheng , Qi Le Hua , Zhou Ji Ming , Wang Yu Shan , Yang Fang
Published: March 2009

The pressure infiltration process of porous preforms by molten metals was investigated
numerically in this paper. The finite element model of heat and mass transfer of the infiltration in
liquid infiltration extrusion process was founded by the introduction of a new continuum model of
fluid in porous medium and a distribution resistance concept. The proposed model can describe the
transient flow behavior of semisolid materials qualitatively. Numerical simulations were developed in
particular for non-isothermal infiltrations which take into account the thermal aspects (the mould, the
fibres and the metal are initially preheated at different temperatures). The temperature distribution,
infiltration front and infiltration depth in the infiltration area were gained by the simulation of
ANSYS／FLOTRAN code. It is shown that the fiber volume fraction and initial temperature have a
strong effect on the infiltration process. The simulation results of axisymmetric infiltration have a
good agreement with their experimental ones. In addition, the infiltration time was predicted to get the
effective infiltration depth based on the simulation results.
A New Adaptive-Surface Elastic-Plastic Contact Model of Rough Surfaces: Parameter Correlations
Authors: Song Min
Published: March 2009

Based on an presented adaptive-surface elastic-plastic asperity contact model which can
greatly decrease contact computing time and keep the precision loss less than 5%, a series of 2-D
rough surface profiles with different roughness and correlative length are numerically generated to
investigate how to select the threshold used in this model for different adaptive rough surfaces. The
results show that well acceptable precision of the elastic-plastic contact calculation would be
derived when the ratio of threshold to root mean square curvature, δ 1.0 10 6mm2 − < × .
Effects of Stress Relieving on Limit Dome Height of Titanium Tailor-Welded Blanks at Elevated Temperatures
Authors: Lai Chi Ping , Chan Luen Chow , Chow Chi Loong
Published: March 2009

This paper aims to study the effect of stress relieving on Limit Dome Height (LDH) of
Ti-TWBs at elevated temperatures. This is achieved by developing a newly constructed heating
system. The elevated temperature of the system can be varied and monitored by a separately control
panel. All Ti-TWBs were prepared and used to examine the LDHs under elevated temperatures.
Selected specimens were heat-treated at 600°C within an hour before being formed by HILLE
machine. Meanwhile, the temperature of tool heating system was also adjusted from room
temperature to 550°C. Specified tests were carried out to examine the stress relieving effects of
Ti-TWBs on the LDHs with the temperature control panel. In addition, investigations were carried
out to ascertain whether the elevated temperatures of the critical tooling components, i.e. the die and
the blank holder, could result in any significant effects on LDHs of Ti-TWBs. The findings show
that LDHs of Ti-TWBs can be improved by stress relieving. The stress relieving condition can be
obtained by nearly isothermal forming of specimens at a range of 550°C to 600°C.
Preparation and Characterization of Ag/TiO2-xNx Nanoparticles
Authors: Liu Zhong Qing , Li Zheng Hua , Zhou Yan Ping , Ge Chang Chun
Published: March 2009

The Ag/TiO2-xNx nanoparticles were synthesized by photochemical deposition with irradiation of visible light in a TiO2-XNX suspension system. The prepared products were characterized by means of XRD, Uv-vis, and FEM. Its photocatalytic activity was investigated by the decomposition of methylene blue (MB) solution under illumination of visible and ultraviolet light, respectively. Compared to TiO2-xNx, the photocatalytic activity of as–prepared Ag/TiO2-xNx is obviously enhanced due to the decreasing recombination of a photoexcited electron-hole pair. The mechanism in which photocatalytic activity is enhanced is discussed in detail.
Preparation and Characterization of Monodispersed and Nano-Sized Cu Powders
Authors: Kim Tea Wan , Lee Hyang Mi , Kim Yong Yee , Hwang Kyu Hong , Park Hong Chae , Yoon Seog Young
Published: March 2009

Monodispersed and nano-sized Cu powders were synthesized from copper sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4ㆍ5H2O) inside a nonionic polymer matrix by using wet chemical reduction process. The sucrose was used as a nonionic polymer network source. The influences of a nonionic polymer matrix on the particle size of the prepared Cu powders were characterized by means of Xray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and particle size analysis (PSA). The smallen Cu powders with size of approximately 100㎚ was obtained with adding of 0.04M sucrose at reaction temperature of 60°C. The particle size of the Cu powders prepared by the reduction inside polymer network was strongly dependent of the sucrose content and reaction temperature.
Creation of Diamond/Molybdenum Composite Coating in Open Air
Authors: Ando Yasutaka , Tobe Shogo , Tahara Hirokazu
Published: March 2009

In order to improve wear resistance of atmospheric thermal plasma sprayed molybdenum
(Mo) coating, diamond deposition on the atmospheric plasma sprayed molybdenum coating by the
combustion flame chemical vapor deposition (CFCVD) has been operated. Although diamond
particles could be deposited on the molybdenum coating, the coating was fractured and peeling off
due to thermal influencesin our previous study. In this study, to diminish the thermal damage of the
substrate during operation, a thermal insulator was equipped between substrate and water-cooled
substrate holder. Consequently, diamond particles could be created on the Mo coating without
fracture and peeling off. From these results, it was found that this process had a high potential in
order to improve wear resistance of thermal sprayed coating.
Effect of Cobalt to Bronze Ratio on Transverse Rupture Strength of Diamond Segments
Authors: Ünal Rahmi
Published: March 2009

Diamond segments were fabricated by cold pressing and sintering under pressure at the
temperature up to 750 °C. It was obtained from this study that if we increase the cobalt ratio, the
hardness of the matrix increases and the wear rate of the segments decreases. But the optimum
matrix composition with less wear rate must ensures that the acceptable matrix toughness. Because
the harder matrix wears more slowly than the diamonds, the space between the cutting edges and
the matrix is constantly reduced. Because the swarf cannot be carried away properly, and the
segment will continuously lose its ability to cut. From this point of view, the cobalt ratio in matrix
composition for this formulation should not be higher than the 60 wt.% in order to have a good
cutting ability.
Matrix Composition Effect on the Wear Behaviour of Diamond Segments
Authors: Ünal Rahmi , Gurcay E. Alper
Published: March 2009

The performances of metal-bond of diamond cutting tools were investigated by changing
the cobalt and bronze ratio conversely as the matrix material. Diamond tools were fabricated by
cold pressing and sintering under pressure at the temperature up to 750 °C. Investigation of the
microhardness behavior of the segments was showed that increasing the cobalt ratio causes the
increase of the hardness of the matrix material. This caused to decrease of the wear rate of the
matrix. Because the matrix wears more slowly than the diamonds, the space between the cutting
edges and the matrix is constantly reduced. The swarf cannot be carried away properly, and the
segment will continuously lose its ability to cut with higher cobalt contents.
The Metallization of Diamond Grits
Authors: Sung James C. , Hu Shao Chung , Chang Yen Shuo
Published: March 2009

Diamond grits in tools are typically held in a sintered matrix of metal powder (e.g. Co). The
bonding between diamond and the matrix is essentially mechanical. As a result, most diamond
grits are easily knocked out from the tool during cutting. The diamond industry has designed
various metal coatings (e.g. Ti, Cr, Si) to improve the adherence of diamond grits in the matrix, but
the improvements have been modest (e.g. up to 50% increase of tool life).
A revolutionary “Active Braze Coated Diamond” (ABCD) is now being developed. The
coating of ABCD is much thicker (e.g. 20 microns) than conventional ones (about 1 micron). The
molten braze is wetted and reacted with diamond to form strong chemical bond at the interface so
that the diamond does not become knocked out of tools.
ABCD is coated with a nickel alloy that can form metallurgical diffusion bonds readily with
the metal matrix of the tool. In essence, ABCD turns diamond into a metal grain so that the
diamond tools can be made by conventional powder metallurgical process without being concerned
about the poor bonding between matrix metal powder and the diamond as before.
Microstructure Features of Large Grains in WC-Co Alloys
Authors: Delanoë Aurelie , Lay Sabine , Missiaen J.M.
Published: March 2009

This paper presents a detailed study of large grains carried out by transmission electron microscopy in two WC-Co alloys, one W rich and the other C rich. In the W rich alloy, some large grains are found in contact with the η phase while no connection of the large grains with graphite particles can be pointed out in the C rich alloy. The C content greatly influences the morphology of large grains: they are flatter in the C rich alloy with smoother interfaces. Whatever the C content, they contain few dislocations compared to matrix grains except in a small area where a dense network is often present. One or even several small WC grains with a small angle misorientation or with a Σ=2 coincidence relationship are often found inside the large grains. They have likely been engulfed during the growth of the large grains owing to the low boundary energy.
Spark Plasma Sintering and Hot Pressing Sintering of Nanocrystalline WC-10CO-0.8VC
Authors: Zhu Li Hui , Shao Guang Jie , Liu Yi Xiong , Siddle Dave
Published: March 2009

WC-10Co-0.8VC nanocrystalline powders were sintered by spark plasma sintering (SPS)
and hot pressing sintering (HPS), and the microstructure and properties were compared. Results
show that, sintered at 1300°C, the sample prepared by SPS for only 3 minutes has higher density
than that prepared by HPS for 60 minutes. SEM and SPM observation shows SPS at 1200°C has a
more uniform and finer microstructure, and most of the WC grains are smaller than 100nm. It has a
relative density of 95.1%, HV30 of 1887, and KIC of 11.5 MPam1/2. If a suitable sintering parameter
is chosen, SPS is a promising consolidation technique to prepare nanocrystalline WC-10Co-0.8VC
with improved properties.
The Effect of Substrate Surface Characteristics on AIP PVD Coating of Cemented Carbide Inserts and Their Cutting Performance
Authors: Ahn Dong Gil , Lee Kern Woo , Lee Joo Wan , Sharon Moshe
Published: March 2009

The effects of substrate surface treatment on TiAlN PVD coating on submicron cemented
carbide was investigated. Surface roughness and morphology were improved by physical treatment
such as micro blasting, brush lapping and plasma etching with decreased Co content in the surface
layer. The Co content in the surface does not seem to affect coating adhesion or the quality
considerably. The smoother surface induced by the surface treatment improved TiAlN adhesion and
surface roughness. The insert treated by blasting and lapping before coating showed a better cutting
performance than those with ultrasonic treatment. It was concluded that the substrate surface
characteristics are closely related to the performance of the TiAlN coated inserts.
The Study of Synchronous Reduction-Carbonization of V2O3, Cr2O3 and W-Co Composite Oxides in Fluidization
Authors: Gong Nan Yan , Ouyang Ya Fei
Published: March 2009

One append way of liquid state inhibitor was investigated, which putting V, Cr into
W-Co composite solutions in the form of ionization. After spray drying and being calcined, W-Co
composite oxides could come into being. Then taking fluidization techniques, well-proportioned
W-Co composite powder compounded with inhibitor could be produced in the end.
Study on Oxidation Behavior of (W,Mo)Si2 Powders in Air at 400, 500 and 600°C
Authors: Feng Pei Zhong , Qu Xuan Hui , Wang Xiao Hong , Farid Akthar
Published: March 2009

The oxidation of (W,Mo)Si2 powders has been examined at 400, 500 and 600°C for 12.0
hours in air. It was shown that the low temperature oxidation resistance of (W,Mo)Si2 was worse
than that of MoSi2, and they showed great changes in mass, volume and colour. At 500°C, the
amount of volume expansion of (W,Mo)Si2 was as high as about 7~8 times and color changed from
black to yellow after 4.0h with MoO3, WO3, (W,Mo)O3 and amorphous SiO2 as main reaction
products. It took about 8.0h to obtain the same results for MoSi2. The mass gain and oxidation rate
were relatively slower at 400°C and 600°C than that at 500°C. These were probably due to the lower
oxidation rate at 400°C and the protective silica glass on surface of powders formed from the
volatilization of MoO3, WO3 and (W,Mo)O3 at 600°C, which would restrain the diffusion of
molybdenum from matrix to exterior and oxygen from outside to inside and the further accelerated
oxidation.
Effect of Particles Size on Magnetic Performance of Dielectromagnetics
Authors: Gaworska Dominika , Hodgson Simon N.B. , Koniarek Jarosław , Weglinski Bogumil
Published: March 2009

In the paper, the influence of different particle size D: D>125m, D<50m and between
on magnetic properties of a standardized dielectromagnetic is presented. The tests were taken at
frequencies of between 50Hz, and 500Hz. Presented in the paper results provide important materials
property data to allow the selection of the most appropriate dielectromagnetic particle size for
different applications.
Evaluation of DC Brush-Less Motors Using Powder Magnetic Cores
Authors: Mori Katsuhiko , Nakayama Ryoji , Kanagawa Kinji
Published: March 2009

A high-speed motor and a DC brush-less motor for factory automation (FA) were made to investigate the applicability of the powder magnetic core to motor application. The performances of these motors were compared with the similar motors having conventional electromagnetic steel core. Although the permeability and saturated magnetization of powder magnetic core were less than those of electromagnetic steel core, the output performances of each core motor were almost the same. The FA motor with powder magnetic core using three-dimensional magnetic circuit showed higher torque than the electromagnetic steel core motor with the same volume.
Magnetic Properties and Microstructure of Sm2Co17-Based High Temperature Permanent Magnet
Authors: Yi Jian Hong , Li Li Ya , Peng Yuan Dong
Published: March 2009

The coercivity of Sm2Co17-based permanent magnets at high operating temperature gradually increased with increasing Cu and Zr content, but decreased as the Fe content increased. The magnet Sm(Co0.7Fe0.1Cu0.16Zr0.04)6.7 that was studied had a room temperature intrinsic coercivity of about 30 kOe. For this magnet, the temperature coefficient of coercivity RT − 500 o C β and Hci at 500oC are -0.148%/oC and 8.6kOe. The magnet is composed mainly by 2:17R cell interior, 1:5 cell boundary phase, as well as 2:17H lamellar phase. There is a maze-like domain structure in the magnet. The HRXRD evidence shows that the phase transformation at high temperature leads to the degraded magnetic properties of the magnets.
Properties of TiAl and TiAlN Thin Films by Pulsed Cathodic ARC
Authors: Chun S.Y. , Lee Chung Hyo , Lee Sang Jin
Published: March 2009

TiAl and TiAlN thin films are deposited on glassy carbon and Si substrates by the pulsed
cathodic arc deposition process. In our pulsed cathodic arc system, because the spatial position of
plasma on the surface of the evaporation source can be controlled by pulsed arc discharge, the
thickness of the TiAl and TiAlN films can be controlled at nanometer scale. Amorphous
stoichiometric Ti-Al films are synthesized from one Ti-Al alloy target at room temperature by
changing the number of pulses of the arc discharge.
Electroless Coating Process of Carbon Nano Fibers by Copper Metal
Authors: Silvain Jean François , Richard P. , Douin Joël , Lahaye M. , Heintz Jean Marc
Published: March 2009

A study of the different stages of the electroless deposition of copper on carbon nano
fibers activated firstly by a chemical treatment of the carbon nano fiber and secondly by a two-step
method has been performed from both a chemical and a morphological point of view. The
combination of XPS measurements and scanning electron microscopy imaging has allowed
optimizing the 2 different stage conditions. On a first hand, the different oxide concentration and
treatment time of the carbon nano fibers and on a second hand the different conditions of the
sensibilisation (Sn bath), activation (Pd bath) and coating (Cu bath) have ben studied. The control
of the homogeneity and thickness of copper thin films on carbon nano fiber can be obtained and
further more sintered in order to obtain fully dense materials.
Electromagnetic Properties of Silver Coated Iron Based Alloy Powders Prepared by Chemical Reduction Method
Authors: Lee Byoung Yoon , Lee Jae Wook , Yun Yeo Chun , Jeong In Bum , Moon Joo Ho
Published: March 2009

The synthesis of silver coated iron base alloy (Sendust : Fe-Si-Al) powder having the
both effects of shielding and suppressing of electromagnetic wave was studied. Depending on
thickness of silver coating layer, the electromagnetic properties of the dispersed particles
complexed with organic binder were examined. EDS-SEM, XRD, ohm meter, network analyzer
(PNA8364A) measurements were used to characterize the electromagnetic properties. The silver
coated powders have a better microwave absorbance than non coated powder in the low frequency
range of below 1.0GHz, which is due to a high dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the silver in
microwave frequencies magnetic loss in addition to conduction loss. Reflection loss of the 5%
silver containing composite was found to be –6 dB at 1.0GHz with 1.0mm thickness. It is, therefore,
successfully proposed that the silver coated sendust flake powders with controlled electrical
properties and thickness can be used as thin microwave absorbers in quasi-microwave frequency
band.
Glass Infilteration in Bonding of BaTiO3 and Al2O3 Layers
Authors: Shin Hyo Soon , Wang Jong Hoe , Kim Jong Hee
Published: March 2009

A novel sintering process is proposed for bonding of BaTiO3 and Al2O3 layers. Common commercial glass was used and infilterated among filler particles. As the kind of commercial glass, the phenomenon of the infilteration is different. Although Sud-1140 glass forms a glass/filler composite, it is not completely infilterated into the filler particles at 900°C. However as the increase of sintering temperature the infilteration of glass was improved. In this study, GA-1 and GA-12 glasses were infilterated the more than Sud-1140 glass. However, they are reacted by BaTiO3 layer. The results of the experiment show that constrained sintering and the co-firing of the different materials were possible for glass infilteration using Sud-1140 glass at 1000°C.
Structural and Thermal Properties of Hot Pressed Cu/C Matrix Composites Materials Used for the Thermal Management of High Power Electronic Devices
Authors: Geffroy Pierre Marie , Silvain Jean François
Published: March 2009

In order to obtain materials for electronic applications that exhibit both excellent thermal conductivity and low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE), copper matrix composites have been reinforced by short high modulus graphite fibers. The lack of fiber/matrix interaction prevents any degradation of the carbon reinforcement during the elaboration steps and the normal use of these materials. Elaboration conditions, such as mixing conditions of the short carbon fibers and the copper powder, dimension and shape of the two powders, and finally densification atmosphere, temperature, pressure and time, have been optimized. Main parameters involved in the thermal properties of the Cu/C composite materials have been analyzed and adjusted. CTE is mainly related with the carbon volume fraction; CTE ranging from 9 to 13 10-6/°C can be reproductively obtained with carbon volume fraction ranging from 50% to 20%. Thermal conductivity properties are more complex and are linked mainly with 1) the porosity level inside the material, and 2) the orientation, properties and volume fraction of the carbon fibers. For short carbon fibers, in plane thermal conductivity ranging from 200 to 550 W/mK have been reproductively measured associated with thermal conductivity through-thickness ranging from 150 to 300 W/mK.
Fabrication of TFA-MOD YBCO Films Using the Y2Ba1Cu1Ox and Ba3Cu5O8 Powders
Authors: Lim Jun Hyung , Jang Seok Hern , Yoon Kyung Min , Lee Seung Yi , Joo Jin Ho , Lee Hoo Jeong , Kim Chan Joong
Published: March 2009

We fabricated YBCO film using a TFA-MOD method and evaluated the phase formation,
texture evolution, and critical properties as a function of the firing temperatures. In order to enhance
the reaction kinetics and to control the formation of the second phases, Y2Ba1Cu1Ox and Ba3Cu5O8
powders were used as precursors (the so called “211 process”), instead of Y-, Ba-, and Cu-based
acetate, and dissolved in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA).
The films were calcined at 460°C and then fired at 750°C-800°C in a 12.1% humidified Ar-O2
atmosphere. We found that the microstructure varied significantly with the firing temperature; the
grain grew further and the film became denser as the firing temperature increased. The textures of
all of the films were similar and mainly biaxial. On the other hand, the intensity of the major and
minor texture components differed from each other. For the film fired at 775°C, the critical current
was obtained to be 39 A/cm-width (corresponding critical current density is 2.0 MA/cm2), which
was probably attributed to such factors as the enhanced phase purity and out-of-plane texture, the
moderate film density and grain size, and crack-free surface.
Vacuum Carburization of Nanometer Tungsten Powder with Carbon Black
Authors: Ji Luo , Tao Lin , Guo Zhi Meng , Jia Cheng Chang
Published: March 2009

Vacuum carburization of nanometer tungsten powder was investigated in a simple
designed apparatus. An X-Y recorder was used to plot differential thermal analysis (DTA) curves to
determine the starting temperature of carburization of four samples with different specific surface
area. The product was characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and small angle X-ray scattering
(SAXS). The results show that finer tungsten powder has lower starting temperature of
carburization. Tungsten powder, the BET surface area of which is 32.97m2/g, was completely
carburized to tungsten carbide at 1050°C, even though the starting temperature was 890°C. The
particle was found to grow sharply before carburization.