bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Non-withdrawal of beta blockers in acute decompensated chronic and de novo heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in a prospective multicentre study of patients with acute heart failure in the Middle East
Authors: Abi Khalil Charbel , Sulaiman Kadhim , Mahfoud Ziyad , Singh Rajvir , Asaad Nidal , AlHabib Khalid F , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi , Al-Jarallah Mohammed , Bulbanat Bassam , AlMahmeed Wael , Ridha Mustafa , Bazargani Nooshin , Amin Haitham , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Faleh Husam Al , Elasfar Abdelfatah , Panduranga Prashanth , Suwaidi Jassim Al
Published: July 2017

Objectives

Beta blockers reduce mortality in heart failure (HF). However, it is not clear whether they should be temporarily withdrawn during acute HF.

Design

Analysis of prospectively collected data.

Setting

The Gulf aCute heArt failuRe rEgistry is a prospective multicentre study of patients hospitalised with acute HF in seven Middle Eastern countries.

Participants

5005 patients with acute HF.

Outcome measures

We studied the effect of beta blockers non-withdrawal on intrahospital, 3-month and 12-month mortality and rehospitalisation for HF in patients with acute decompensated chronic heart failure (ADCHF) and acute de novo heart failure (ADNHF) and a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%.

Results

44.1% of patients were already on beta blockers on inclusion. Among those, 57.8% had an LVEF <40%. Further, 79.9% were diagnosed with ADCHF and 20.4% with ADNHF. Mean age was 61 (SD 13.9) in the ADCHF group and 59.8 (SD 13.8) in the ADNHF group. Intrahospital mortality was lower in patients whose beta blocker therapy was not withdrawn in both the ADCHF and ADNHF groups. This protective effect persisted after multivariate analysis (OR 0.05, 95% CI 0.022 to 0.112; OR 0.018, 95% CI 0.003 to 0.122, respectively, p<0.001 for both) and propensity score matching even after correcting for variables that remained significant in the new model (OR 0.084, 95% CI 0.015 to 0.468, p=0.005; OR 0.047, 95% CI 0.013 to 0.169, p<0.001, respectively). At 3 months, mortality was still lower only in patients with ADCHF in whom beta blockers were maintained during initial hospitalisation. However, the benefit was lost after correcting for confounding factors. Interestingly, rehospitalisation for HF and length of hospital stay were unaffected by beta blockers discontinuation in all patients.

Conclusion

In summary, non-withdrawal of beta blockers in acute decompensated chronic and de novo heart failure with reduced ejection fraction is associated with lower intrahospital mortality but does not influence 3-month and 12-month mortality, rehospitalisation for heart failure,and the length of hospital stay.

Trial registration number

NCT01467973; Post-results.
Prevalence of pregnancy-related complications and course of labour of surviving women who gave birth in selected health facilities in Rwanda: a health facility-based, cross-sectional study
Authors: Semasaka Sengoma Jean Paul , Krantz Gunilla , Nzayirambaho Manasse , Munyanshongore Cyprien , Edvardsson Kristina , Mogren Ingrid
Published: July 2017

Objectives

This study estimated health facility-based prevalence for pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and caesarean section (CS) due to prolonged labour/dystocia. The background characteristics of Rwandan pregnant women, the course of labour and the level of healthcare were investigated in relation to pregnancy and delivery outcomes.

Methods

This is health facility-based study and data were collected in 2014–2015 through structured interviews and medical records (n=817) in Kigali and Northern Province, Rwanda. Frequencies and prevalence were used to describe participants’ background factors, labour and delivery-related characteristics. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression models were performed for different background factors and pregnancy/delivery outcomes.

Results

Pre-eclampsia/eclampsia, postpartum haemorrhage and CS due to prolonged labour/dystocia represented 1%, 2.7% and 5.4% of all participants, respectively. In total, 56.4% of the participants were transferred from facilities with low levels to those with higher levels of healthcare, and the majority were transferred from health centres to district hospitals, with CS as the main reason for transfer. Participants who arrived at the health facility with cervical dilation grade of ≤3 cm spent more hours in maternity ward than those who arrived with cervical dilatation grade of ≥4 cm. Risk factors for CS due to prolonged labour or dystocia were poor households, nulliparity and residence far from health facility.

Conclusions

The estimated health facility-based prevalence of pregnancy-related complications was relatively low in this sample from Rwanda. CS was the main reason for the transfer of pregnant women from health centres to district hospitals. Upgrading the capacity of health centres in the management of pregnant women in Rwanda may improve maternal and fetal health.
Facilitating mental health help-seeking by young adults with a dedicated online program: a feasibility study of Link
Authors: Kauer Sylvia D , Buhagiar Kerrie , Blake Victoria , Cotton Sue , Sanci Lena
Published: July 2017

Objective

To explore the feasibility of a dedicated online youth mental health help-seeking intervention and to evaluate using a randomised controlled trial (RCT) study design in order to identify any modifications needed before commencement of the full-scale RCT.

Design

A pilot RCT with 1:1 randomisation to either the intervention or comparison arm.

Setting

An online study conducted Australia-wide.

Participants

18–25 year olds living in Australia were recruited via social media.

Intervention

Link is a dedicated online mental health help-seeking navigation tool that matches user’s mental health issues, severity and service-type preferences (online, phone and face-to-face) with appropriate youth-friendly services. The comparison arm was usual help-seeking strategies with a link to Google.com.

Main outcome measures

The primary outcome was the number of acceptability and feasibility criteria successfully met. Intervention and study design acceptability and feasibility were assessed by nine criteria. Secondary outcomes, via online surveys (at baseline, 1 week and 1 month) measured service use, help-seeking intentions, psychological distress, barriers to help-seeking, attitudes towards mental health help-seeking, mental health literacy, satisfaction and trust.

Results

Fifty-one participants were randomised (intervention: n=24; comparison: n=27). Three out of four of the intervention and two out of five of the study design criteria were met. Unmet criteria could be addressed by modifications to the study design. Qualitative analysis demonstrated that Link was useful to participants and may have increased their positive experiences towards help-seeking. There were no observable differences between arms in any outcome measures and no harms were detected.

Conclusion

Generally, the Link intervention and study design were acceptable and feasible with modifications suggested for the four out of nine unmet criteria. The main trial will hence have shorter surveys and a simpler recruitment process, use positive affect as the primary outcome and will not link to Google.com for the comparison arm.

Trial registration number

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry, ACTRN12614000386639.
Implementing the compassion intervention, a model for integrated care for people with advanced dementia towards the end of life in nursing homes: a naturalistic feasibility study
Authors: Moore Kirsten J , Candy Bridget , Davis Sarah , Gola Anna , Harrington Jane , Kupeli Nuriye , Vickerstaff Victoria , King Michael , Leavey Gerard , Nazareth Irwin , Omar Rumana Z , Jones Louise , Sampson Elizabeth L
Published: July 2017

Background

Many people with dementia die in nursing homes, but quality of care may be suboptimal. We developed the theory-driven ‘Compassion Intervention’ to enhance end-of-life care in advanced dementia.

Objectives

To (1) understand how the Intervention operated in nursing homes in different health economies; (2) collect preliminary outcome data and costs of an interdisciplinary care leader (ICL) to facilitate the Intervention; (3) check the Intervention caused no harm.

Design

A naturalistic feasibility study of Intervention implementation for 6 months.

Settings

Two nursing homes in northern London, UK.

Participants

Thirty residents with advanced dementia were assessed of whom nine were recruited for data collection; four of these residents’ family members were interviewed. Twenty-eight nursing home and external healthcare professionals participated in interviews at 7 (n=19), 11 (n=19) and 15 months (n=10).

Intervention

An ICL led two core Intervention components: (1) integrated, interdisciplinary assessment and care; (2) education and support for paid and family carers.

Data collected

Process and outcome data were collected. Symptoms were recorded monthly for recruited residents. Semistructured interviews were conducted at 7, 11 and 15 months with nursing home staff and external healthcare professionals and at 7 months with family carers. ICL hours were costed using Department of Health and Health Education England tariffs.

Results

Contextual differences were identified between sites: nursing home 2 had lower involvement with external healthcare services. Core components were implemented at both sites but multidisciplinary meetings were only established in nursing home 1. The Intervention prompted improvements in advance care planning, pain management and person-centred care; we observed no harm. Six-month ICL costs were £18 255.

Conclusions

Implementation was feasible to differing degrees across sites, dependent on context. Our data inform future testing to identify the Intervention’s effectiveness in improving end-of-life care in advanced dementia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov:NCT02840318: Results
Tool for analysis of multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) field data and evaluation of shear wave velocity profiles of soils
Authors: Olafsdottir Elin Asta , Erlingsson Sigurdur , Bessason Bjarni
Published: July 2017

Multichannel analysis of surface waves (MASW) is a fast, low-cost, and environmentally friendly technique to estimate shear wave velocity profiles of soil sites. This paper introduces a new open-source software, MASWaves, for processing and analysing multichannel surface wave records using the MASW method. The software consists of two main parts: a dispersion analysis tool (MASWaves Dispersion) and an inversion analysis tool (MASWaves Inversion). The performance of the dispersion analysis tool is validated by comparison with results obtained by the Geopsy software package. Verification of the inversion analysis tool is carried out by comparison with results obtained by the software WinSASW and theoretical dispersion curves presented in the literature. Results of MASW field tests conducted at three sites in south Iceland are presented to demonstrate the performance and robustness of the new software. The soils at the three test sites ranged from loose sand to cemented silty sand. In addition, at one site, the results of existing spectral analysis of surface waves (SASW) measurements were compared with the results obtained by MASWaves.
Landscape antiquity and Cenozoic drainage development of southern Yukon, through restoration modeling of the Tintina Fault
Authors: Ryan James. J. , Hayward Nathan , Jackson Lionel E.
Published: July 2017

The impact of Tintina Fault displacement on the development of the Yukon River and drainage basins of central Yukon is investigated through geophysical and hydrological modeling of digital terrain model data. Regional geological evidence suggests that the age of the planation of the Klondike Plateau is at least Late Cretaceous, rather than Neogene as previously assumed, and that surprisingly there has been little net incision in the region since the late Mesozoic. The Tintina Fault has been previously interpreted to have experienced ∼430 km of dextral displacement, primarily during the Eocene. However, the alignment of river channels across the fault at specific displacements, coupled with recent seismic events and related fault activity, suggests that the fault may have moved in stages over a longer time span. Topographic restoration and hydrological models show that the drainage of the Yukon River northwestward into Alaska via the ancestral Kwikhpak River was only possible at restored displacements of up to ∼50–55 km on the Tintina Fault. We interpret the published drainage reversals convincingly attributed to the effects of Pliocene glaciation as an overprint on earlier Yukon River reversals attributed to tectonic displacements along the Tintina Fault. At restored displacements between 230 and 430 km, our models illustrate that paleo-Yukon River drainage may have flowed eastward into the continental interior via an ancestral Liard River. The revised drainage evolution has wide-reaching implications for surficial geology deposits, the flow direction and channel geometries of the region’s ancient rivers, and importantly, for exploration of placer gold deposits.
Leptogenesis in quasi-degenerate neutrino mass models with non-zero θ13
Authors: Bora M. , Roy S. , Singh N. Nimai
Published: July 2017

In the context of neutrino oscillation experiments, six different quasi-degenerate neutrino (QDN) mass models, which we parameterized recently, are found equally relevant. The present attempt tries to explore the possibilities for the discrimination of the six QDN models in the light of baryogenesis via leptogenesis. In this work we investigate all six models to predict observable baryon asymmetry. If leptogenesis is unflavoured or single flavoured, a significant difference is found. Then, only QD-NH-IA and QD-IH-IA are dominant. To get specific results, the choice of Dirac neutrino mass matrix as down-quark type is found most favourable.
Numerical solutions of Einstein field equations with radial dark matter
Authors: Klimenko Stanislav , Nikitin Igor , Nikitina Lialia
Published: July 2017

We study a static spherically symmetric problem with a black hole and radially directed geodesic flows of dark matter. The obtained solutions have the following properties. At large distances, the gravitational field produces constant velocities of circular motion, i.e. flat rotation curves. At smaller distances, the field switches to Newtonian regime, then to Schwarzschild regime. Deviations from Schwarzschild regime start below the gravitational radius. The dark matter prevents the creation of event horizon, instead, a spherical region possessing extremely large redshift is created. The structure of space-time for the obtained solutions is investigated and the implications for the models of the galaxies are discussed.
Bayesian Learning on Discrete Systems of Two Classes
Authors: Pacheco-Sánchez J. H. , Vera-Torres R. D. , Alejo R.
Published: July 2017

Bayesian learning is applied on two class systems. Partitioning a big sample made up of many elements of two classes of indistinguishable objects, we indistinctly pursue from 2 to 5 training sets called hypotheses in the probability field, with a plausible rate of object from each hypothesis. Objects are taken one by one from the sample. The basic aim faced is to predict one type of objects in the following occasion in which an agent takes one of them from the original sample to test it. We obtain the graph of a posteriori probability for each hypothesis of one of the objects. A prediction that the following object is specifically one of them is acquired in one probability curve by means of training previously accomplished. This methodology is applied on manufacture of glass bottles of two classes: good or crash. The main interest is to predict which machine produced one detected crash bottle because bottles turn to be indistinguishable when they are reviewed. This is solved by fixing a priori probabilities and taking into account all possible probability distribution combinations in the classes.
Volumes of hyperbolic double twist knot cone-manifolds
Authors: Tran Anh T.
Published: July 2017

We give explicit formulas for the volumes of hyperbolic cone-manifolds of double twist knots, a class of two-bridge knots which includes twist knots and two-bridge knots with Conway notation [Formula: see text]. We also study the Riley polynomial of a class of one-relator groups which includes two-bridge knot groups.
Recollements associated to cotorsion pairs
Authors: Chen Wenjing , Liu Zhongkui , Yang Xiaoyan
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we give some recollements of additive categories associated to concentric twin cotorsion pairs in a triangulated category. Some applications are given and Krause’s recollement is obtained with a new method.
Origin of the Amba Dongar carbonatite complex, India and its possible linkage with the Deccan Large Igneous Province
Authors: Chandra Jyoti , Paul Debajyoti , Viladkar Shrinivas G. , Sensarma Sarajit
Published: July 2017

The genetic connection between Large Igneous Province (LIP) and carbonatite is controversial. Here, we present new major and trace element data for carbonatites, nephelinites and Deccan basalts from Amba Dongar in western India, and probe the linkage between carbonatite and the Deccan LIP. Carbonatites are classified into calciocarbonatite (CaO, 39.5–55.9 wt%; BaO, 0.02–3.41 wt%; ΣREE, 1025–12 317 ppm) and ferrocarbonatite (CaO, 15.6–31 wt%; BaO, 0.3–7 wt%; ΣREE, 6839–31 117 ppm). Primitive-mantle-normalized trace element patterns of carbonatites show distinct negative Ti, Zr–Hf, Pb, K and U anomalies, similar to that observed in carbonatites globally. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns reveal high LREE/HREE fractionation; average (La/Yb)
N
values of 175 in carbonatites and approximately 50 in nephelinites suggest very-low-degree melting of the source. Trace element modelling indicates the possibility of primary carbonatite melt generated from a subcontinental lithospheric mantle (SCLM) source, although it does not explain the entire range of trace element enrichment observed in the Amba Dongar carbonatites. We suggest that CO
2
-rich fluids and heat from the Deccan plume contributed towards metasomatism of the SCLM source. Melting of this SCLM generated primary carbonated silicate magma that underwent liquid immiscibility at crustal depths, forming two compositionally distinct carbonatite and nephelinite magmas.
Impact of Electrostatic Coupling and Wafer-Bonding Defects on Delay Testing of Monolithic 3D Integrated Circuits
Authors: Koneru Abhishek , Kannan Sukeshwar , Chakrabarty Krishnendu
Published: July 2017

Monolithic three-dimensional (M3D) integration is gaining momentum, as it has the potential to achieve significantly higher device density compared to 3D integration based on through-silicon vias. M3D integration uses several techniques that are not used in the fabrication of conventional integrated circuits (ICs). Therefore, a detailed analysis of the M3D fabrication process is required to understand the impact of defects that are likely to occur during chip fabrication. In this article, we first analyze electrostatic coupling in M3D ICs, which arises due to the aggressive scaling of the interlayer dielectric (ILD) thickness. We then analyze defects that arise due to voids created during wafer bonding, a key step in most M3D fabrication processes. We quantify the impact of these defects on the threshold voltage of a top-layer transistor in an M3D IC. We also show that wafer-bonding defects can lead to a change in the resistance of interlayer vias (ILVs), and in some cases lead to an open in an ILV or a short between two ILVs. We then analyze the impact of these defects on path delays using HSpice simulations. We study their impact on the effectiveness of delay-test patterns for multiple instances of IWLS 2005 benchmarks in which these defects were randomly injected. Our results show that the timing characteristics of an M3D IC can be significantly altered due to coupling and wafer-bonding defects if the thickness of its ILD is less than 100nm. Therefore, for such M3D ICs, test-generation methods must be enhanced to take M3D fabrication defects into account.
Precarious Placemaking
Authors: Hinkson Melinda
Published: July 2017

This review brings anthropological accounts of place and placemaking into dialogue with the concepts of precarity and precariousness. In recent years, precarity has become a widespread empirical and theoretical concern across the humanities. The article traces the simultaneous rise alongside precarity of network and ontology as post-place-based frameworks for anthropological analysis. Although these new frames facilitate anthropological explorations in the spirit of the times, this review argues that both network and ontology lack the capacity to identify what is being transformed and what is at stake when and where precarity takes hold. To see models of placemaking as spaces of transformative possibility requires an account of coexisting, qualitatively distinctive forms of relationship to places.
Information Disclosure in Financial Markets
Authors: Goldstein Itay , Yang Liyan
Published: July 2017

Information disclosure is an essential component of regulation in financial markets. In this article, we provide a cohesive analytical framework to review certain key channels through which disclosure in financial markets affects market quality, information production, efficiency of real investment decisions, and traders’ welfare. We use our framework to address four main aspects. First, we demonstrate the conventional wisdom that disclosure improves market quality in an economy with exogenous information. Second, we illustrate that disclosure can crowd out the production of private information and that its overall market-quality implications are subtle and depend on the specification of information-acquisition technology. Third, we review how disclosure affects the efficiency of real investment decisions when financial markets are not just a side show, as real decision makers can learn information from them to guide their decisions. Last, we discuss how disclosure in financial markets affects investors’ welfare through changing trading opportunities and through beauty-contest motives. Overall, our review suggests that information disclosure is an important factor for understanding the functioning of financial markets and that there are several trade-offs that should be considered in determining its optimal level.
Centering Survivors in Local Transitional Justice
Authors: Nyseth Brehm Hollie , Golden Shannon
Published: July 2017

Scholarship on local transitional justice efforts has proliferated over the past two decades. This article summarizes and synthesizes this growing body of work. It begins by addressing the conceptualization of the local, which to date has been loosely and ambiguously defined. Rather than viewing the local as a spatial level or as based on tradition, the review suggests that transitional justice approaches are local to the extent that (a) survivors have agency and power and (b) their experiences and outcomes are prioritized. Taking this conceptualization seriously, the review examines how local transitional justice varies in terms of ownership and implementation, forms and mechanisms, and effects on survivors, ending with additional suggestions for future research.
Changes in the phosphoproteome of brown adipose tissue during hibernation in the ground squirrel, Ictidomys tridecemlineatus
Authors: Herinckx Gaëtan , Hussain Nusrat , Opperdoes Fred R. , Storey Kenneth B. , Rider Mark H. , Vertommen Didier
Published: July 2017

Mammalian hibernation is characterized by metabolic rate depression and a strong decrease in core body temperature that together create energy savings such that most species do not have to eat over the winter months. Brown adipose tissue (BAT), a thermogenic tissue that uses uncoupled mitochondrial respiration to generate heat instead of ATP, plays a major role in rewarming from deep torpor. In the present study we developed a label-free liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) strategy to investigate both differential protein expression and protein phosphorylation in BAT extracts from euthermic vs. hibernating ground squirrels ( Ictidomys tridecemlineatus). In particular, we incorporated the filter-assisted sample preparation protocol, which provides a more in-depth analysis compared with gel-based and other LC-MS proteomics approaches. Surprisingly, mitochondrial membrane and matrix protein expression in BAT was largely constant between active euthermic squirrels and their hibernating counterparts. Validation by immunoblotting confirmed that the protein levels of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes were largely unchanged in hibernating vs. euthermic animals. On the other hand, phosphoproteomics revealed that pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) phosphorylation increased during squirrel hibernation, confirmed by immunoblotting with phospho-specific antibodies. PDH phosphorylation leads to its inactivation, which suggests that BAT carbohydrate oxidation is inhibited during hibernation. Phosphorylation of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) was also found to increase during hibernation, suggesting that HSL would be active in BAT to produce the fatty acids that are likely the primary fuel for thermogenesis upon arousal. Increased perilipin phosphorylation along with that of a number of other proteins was also revealed, emphasizing the importance of protein phosphorylation as a regulatory mechanism during mammalian hibernation.
Second Report of Accidental Intestinal Myiasis due toEristalis tenax(Diptera: Syrphidae) in Iran, 2015
Authors: Hamed Ramezani Awal Riabi , Hamid Ramezani Awal Riabi , Hamid Naghizade
Published: July 2017

We have described a new case of accidental intestinal myiasis that had occurred due toEristalis tenaxin Iran. A 4-year-old girl living in rural area near Bajestan city located in the south of Khorasan Razavi province visited the hospital lab with complaints of one live larva in feces and did not have other symptoms, except anal itching. This case had a history of consuming subterranean village water and did not have a history of traveling outside the city or contact with other patients.Conclusion. Based on the morphology characteristic, the larva was identified as “rat-tailed maggot” or larvae flyE. tenax.
Some Identities Involving the Reciprocal Sums of One‐Kind Chebyshev Polynomials
Authors: Ma Yuankui , Lv Xingxing
Published: July 2017

We use the elementary and analytic methods and the properties of Chebyshev polynomials to study the computational problem of the reciprocal sums of one‐kind Chebyshev polynomials and give several interesting identities for them. At the same time, we also give a general computational method for this kind of reciprocal sums.
Microencapsulation of Baker’s Yeast in Gellan Gum Beads Used in Repeated Cycles of Glucose Fermentation
Authors: Iurciuc (Tincu) Camelia Elena , Peptu Catalina , Savin Alexandru , Atanase Leonard-Ionuț , Souidi Kaies , Mackenzie Grahame , Martin Patrick , Riess Gerard , Popa Marcel
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this work is to prepare ionically cross-linked (with CaCl2) gellan particles with immobilized yeast cells for their use in repeated fermentation cycles of glucose. The study investigates the influence of ionic cross-linker concentration on the stability and physical properties of the particles obtained before extrusion and during time in the coagulation bath (the cross-linker solution with different CaCl2 concentrations). It was found that by increasing the amount of the cross-linker the degree of cross-linking in the spherical gellan matrix increases, having a direct influence on the particle morphology and swelling degree in water. These characteristics were found to be very important for diffusion of substrate, that is, the glucose, into the yeast immobilized cells and for the biocatalytic activity of the yeast immobilized cells in gellan particles. These results highlight the potential of these bioreactors to be used in repeated fermentation cycles (minimum 10) without reducing their biocatalytic activity and maintaining their productivity at similar parameters to those obtained in the free yeast fermentation. Encapsulation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae into the gellan gum beads plays a role in the effective application of immobilized yeast for the fermentation process.
Association of PPAR Alpha Intron 7 G/C, PPAR Gamma 2 Pro12Ala, and C161T Polymorphisms with Serum Fetuin-A Concentrations
Authors: Márkus Bernadett , Vörös Krisztián , Supák Dorina , Melczer Zsolt , Cseh Károly , Kalabay László
Published: July 2017

Background. Both peroxisome activator proteins (PPARs) and fetuin-A play a role in lipid and glucose metabolism. Aims. We investigated whether PPARα intron 7 G2468/C and PPARγ2 Pro12Ala and PPARγ exon 6 C161T polymorphisms are associated with serum fetuin-A concentrations. Patients and Methods. The PPARα intron 7 G/C polymorphism was studied in cohort 1 (79 reference individuals, 165 postinfarction patients). The two PPARγ polymorphisms were investigated in cohort 2 (162 reference individuals, 165 postinfarction patients). Fetuin-A levels and PPAR polymorphisms were determined by radial immunodiffusion and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism techniques. Results. The C allele variant of PPARα intron 7 G2467C was associated with higher fetuin-A levels (p=0.018). Postinfarction status (p=0.001), PPARα intron 7 GG/GC/CC genotypes (p=0.032), and the C allele (p=0.021) were the strongest determinants of fetuin-A concentration in a multiple regression model. Higher fetuin-A levels were associated with the Pro variant of PPARγ2 (p=0.047). Postinfarction status (p=0.041) and BMI (p<0.001) but not PPARγ2 Pro were the strongest determinants of fetuin-A concentrations. PPARγ exon 6 C161T genotypes were not associated with fetuin-A levels. Conclusions. Fetuin-A was determined mainly by the PPARα intron 7C allele and postinfarction status in cohort 1 and the BMI and postinfarction in cohort 2. The PPARα intron 7C and PPARγ2 Pro variants are associated with fetuin-A levels.
Design of a Compact Passband Frequency Selective Surface with Stable Resonance
Authors: Peddakrishna Samineni , Khan Taimoor , Kanaujia Binod Kumar , Nasimuddin N.
Published: July 2017

We propose a compact planar passband frequency selective surface (FSS) operating at the resonance frequency of 3.81 GHz. The proposed FSS is composed of single layer of the Archimedean spiral type with the interdigital capacitance between the corners of metallic patches printed on one side of the substrate. Compared to the operating wavelength, the size of the proposed single layer FSS is 0.066λ0 (λ0 is the free space wavelength at 3.81 GHz). The performance such as transmission and reflection coefficient of the proposed FSS demonstrates excellent resonance stability for different polarization and different incident angles. Finally, the optimized simulated results are validated with measured results by a fabricated prototype of 31×31 array elements on 170×170 mm2 substrate area.
Power Link Optimization for a Neurostimulator in Nasal Cavity
Authors: Lee Seunghyun , Kim Jonghoek , Kim Sanghoek
Published: July 2017

This paper examines system optimization for wirelessly powering a small implant embedded in tissue. For a given small receiver in a multilayer tissue model, the transmitter is abstracted as a sheet of tangential current density for which the optimal distribution is analytically found. This proposes a new design methodology for wireless power transfer systems. That is, from the optimal current distribution, the maximum achievable efficiency is derived first. Next, various design parameters are determined to achieve the target efficiency. Based on this design methodology, a centimeter-sized neurostimulator inside the nasal cavity is demonstrated. For this centimeter-sized implant, the optimal distribution resembles that of a coil source and the optimal frequency is around 15 MHz. While the existing solution showed an efficiency of about 0.3 percent, the proposed system could enhance the efficiency fivefold.
The Importance of 11α-OH, 15-oxo, and 16-en Moieties of 11α-Hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic Acid in Its Inhibitory Activity on Melanogenesis
Authors: Kuroi Azusa , Sugimura Koji , Kumagai Ayako , Kohara Arihiro , Nagaoka Yasuo , Kawahara Hidehisa , Yamahara Minori , Kawahara Nobuo , Takemori Hiroshi , Fuchino Hiroyuki
Published: July 2017

Cosmetic industries have an interest in exploring and developing materials that have the potential to regulate melanin synthesis in human skin. Although melanin protects the skin from ultraviolet irradiation, excess melanin can be undesirable, particularly on the face where spots or freckles are associated with an appearance of aging. In this study, we found that ent-11α-hydroxy-15-oxo-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid (11α-OH KA) in Pteris dispar Kunze strongly inhibited melanin synthesis by suppressing tyrosinase gene expression. The melanogenic transcription factor microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) is required for this suppression. However, 11α-OH KA did not modulate the expression level or activity of MITF. Structure-activity relationship analyses suggested that the 11α-OH, 15-oxo, and 16-en moieties of 11α-OH KA are essential for the suppression of melanin synthesis. On the other hand, the 19-COOH moiety is important for preventing cellular toxicity associated with 11α-OH KA and its related compounds. These results suggest that 11α-OH KA is an attractive target for potential use in the production of cosmetic items.
Effects of a Training Program Involving Body Cooling on Physical and Cognitive Capacities and Quality of Life in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Pilot Study
Authors: Gonzales Benoit , Chopard Gilles , Charry Benjamin , Berger Eric , Tripard Julien , Magnin Eloi , Groslambert Alain
Published: July 2017

Objective: Two methods using exercise and body cooling could influence the well-being of patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS). The aim of this study was to determine whether wearing a cooling vest during a physical training program could increase the cognitive and physical capacities and quality of life in PwMS. Methods: Eighteen PwMS (49.6 ± 8 years; Expanded Disability Status Score 5.0 ± 1.0) were randomly assigned to a cooling or control group. PwMS underwent a 7-week physical training program. In the cooling group, PwMS wore a cooling vest during each training session, whereas in the control group, PwMS wore a cotton T-shirt. Before and after the training program, both groups completed the Isaacs Set Test (IST), Trail Making Test A-B (TMT A-B), SEP-59, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and performed a 6-minute walk test (6MWT). Results: The cooling group showed significantly (p < 0.05) improved performance for IST, TMT A and 6MWT. Their emotional well-being and cognitive functions investigated in SEP-59 were significantly (p < 0.05) improved, and general and physical fatigue significantly (p < 0.05) decreased. Conclusions: This physical training program combined with a cooling strategy could have a significant positive influence on both cognitive and physical performances, perceived fatigue and emotional well-being in heat-sensitive PwMS.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Apolipoprotein E Levels in Delirium
Authors: Caplan Gideon A. , Tai JIan , Mohd Hanizan Fazrul , McVeigh Catherine L. , Hill Mark A. , Poljak Anne
Published: July 2017

Background/Aims: Delirium and the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele are risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer disease (LOAD), but the connection is unclear. We looked for an association. Methods: Inpatients with delirium (n = 18) were compared with LOAD outpatients (n = 19), assaying blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using multiplex ELISA. Results: The patients with delirium had a higher Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) score (5.6 ± 1.2 vs. 0.0 ± 0.0; p < 0.001) and Delirium Index (13.1 ± 4.0 vs. 2.9 ± 1.2; p = 0.001) but a lower Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score (14.3 ± 6.8 vs. 20.8 ± 4.6; p = 0.003). There was a reduction in absolute CSF apolipoprotein E level during delirium (median [interquartile range]: 9.55 μg/mL [5.65–15.05] vs. 16.86 μg/mL [14.82–20.88]; p = 0.016) but no differences in apolipoprotein A1, B, C3, H, and J. There were no differences in blood apolipoprotein levels, and no correlations between blood and CSF apolipoprotein levels. CSF apolipoprotein E correlated negatively with the CAM score (r = –0.354; p = 0.034) and Delirium Index (r = –0.341; p = 0.042) but not with the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) index, or the MMSE or Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline in the Elderly (IQCODE). Conclusion: Reduced CSF apolipoprotein E levels during delirium may be a mechanistic link between two important risk factors for LOAD.
Born Small for Gestational Age and Poor School Performance – How Small Is Too Small?
Authors: Lindström Linda , Wikström Anna-Karin , Bergman Eva , Lundgren Maria
Published: July 2017

Aim: To assess the relationship between severity of small for gestational age (SGA) and the risk of poor school performance, and to investigate whether adult stature modifies this risk. Methods: 1,088,980 Swedish children born at term between 1973 and 1988 were categorized into severe SGA (less than –3 standard deviations (SD) of expected birth weight), moderate SGA (–2.01 to –3 SD), mild SGA (–1.01 to –2 SD), and appropriate for gestational age (–1 to 0.99 SD). The risk of poor school performance at the time of graduation from compulsory school (grades <10th percentile) was calculated using unconditional logistic regression models and adjusted for socio-economic factors. In a sub-analysis, we stratified boys by adult stature, and adjusted for maternal but not paternal height. Results: All SGA groups were significantly associated with an increased risk of poor school performance, with adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals ranging from 1.85 (1.65–2.07) for severe SGA to 1.25 (1.22–1.28) for mild SGA. In the sub-analysis, all birth weight groups were associated with an increased risk of poor school performance among boys with short stature compared to those with non-short stature. Conclusion: Mild SGA is associated with a significantly increased risk of poor school performance, and the risk increases with severity of SGA. Further, this risk diminishes after adequate catch-up growth.
Electrolyte and Acid-Base Abnormalities in Infants with Community-Acquired Acute Pyelonephritis: Prospective Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Milani Gregorio P. , Grava Angela , Bianchetti Mario G. , Lava Sebastiano A.G. , Dell''Era Laura , Teatini Thomas , Fossali Emilio F.
Published: July 2017

Background: Retrospective case series suggest that abnormalities in fluid, electrolyte, and acid-base homeostasis may occur among infants with a febrile urinary tract infection. Potentially inaccurate laboratory methods of sodium testing have often been used. Methods: Between January 2009 and June 2016, we managed 80 previously healthy infants (52 males and 28 females) ≥4 weeks to ≤24 months of age with their first episode of acute pyelonephritis. Ionized sodium, ionized potassium and ionized chloride were determined by direct potentiometry, as recommended by the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry. Bicarbonate was calculated from pH and carbon dioxide pressure. Results: Electrolyte or acid-base abnormalities were disclosed in 59 (74%) of the 80 infants: hyponatremia (n = 54), hypobicarbonatemia (n = 18), hyperkalemia (n = 14), hyperbicarbonatemia (n = 6), hypochloremia (n = 3), hypokalemia (n = 3), and hyperchloremia (n = 1). None of the patients was found to be hypernatremic. Patients with and without electrolyte or acid-base abnormalities did not differ with respect to age, sex distribution, and whole blood glucose. Blood tonicity was lower and poor fluid intake, frequent regurgitations or loose stools more common among infants with electrolyte or acid-base abnormalities. Conclusions: This prospective cross-sectional study shows that electrolyte or acid-base abnormalities, most frequently hyponatremia, occur in approximately 3 quarters of infants with acute pyelonephritis.
CORREDOR DE INFRAESTRUTURA VERDE: ROTA CICLOVIÁRIA COMO CONEXÃO ENTRE PARQUE DO POVO – IBIRAPUERA
Authors: Maruyama Cintia Miua , Leite Laís Padilha , Deus Lívia Borges Dualibe de
Published: July 2017

A Infraestrutura Verde é uma alternativa para cidades com urbanização tradicional, dentre todos os benefícios, essa abordagem de planejamento trata da inserção de transportes modais não motorizados. A hipótese da presente pesquisa baseou-se na possibilidade de implantação da Infraestrutura Verde, no município de São Paulo, em uma rota cicloviária que interligasse os Parque do Povo ao Ibirapuera com as devidas adequações. Tratou-se de um trabalho quali-quantitativo onde se identificou a infraestrutura existente e foram elaboradas propostas baseadas nos conceitos estudados. O método da pesquisa discorreu sobre parâmetros de segurança viária com contagem veicular e diferença da velocidade entre automóvel e bicicleta. Dentre os resultados, destacou-se a necessidade de melhoria da arborização, implantação de ciclovias em trechos onde há ciclofaixa operacional, introdução de canteiros pluviais e biovaletas. Concluiu-se ainda ser desejável expandir as larguras de calçadas e ciclovias existentes de várias vias.
Jurisdiction and Admissibility in Investment Arbitration. A View from the Bridge at the Practice
Authors: Fontanelli Filippo , Tanzi Attila
Published: July 2017

The jurisdiction of international courts and tribunals and the admissibility of inter-State claims under international law are central to international adjudication, operating as a gateway to the litigation on the merits – the end goal of the proceedings. Still, these concepts remain inherently under-defined, and can be shaped in multiple ways to formulate preliminary objections in international litigation in general. International investor-State arbitration adds specific aspects and complexities to the issue. This introductory contribution accounts for the theoretical deficiencies underpinning the notions of jurisdiction and admissibility, with a special focus on international investment arbitration, and introduces the selected case-studies which form the subject-matter of the articles in this Special Issue. The recent Urbaser award is also used as an example of the unexplored potential of novel – and critical – legal argumentation relating to the jurisdiction of investment tribunals.
New distribution and taxonomic information on Callitriche (Plantaginaceae) in the Mediterranean region
Authors: LANSDOWN RICHARD V. , BAZOS IOANNIS , CARIA MARIA CARMELA , TROIA ANGELO , WIERINGA JAN J.
Published: July 2017

This article presents new records of water-starworts (Callitriche sp. pl.) from the Mediterranean basin, resulting from review of herbarium specimens and field work. Callitriche brutia var. naftolskyi is stated as a new combination and confirmed from Greece (Lesvos and Milos), Israel, Italy (Sardinia and Sicily), Libya, Morocco and Syria; C. lusitanica from Greece (Lesvos), Israel and Italy (Sardinia and Sicily); C. brutia var. brutia has been known from Greece for some time but is confirmed from Lesvos and Milos; C. obtusangula and C. truncata subsp. truncata are both confirmed from Sardinia and Sicily, while the latter is also confirmed from Syria. Callitriche lenisulca and C. stagnalis are confirmed from Sardinia but records of the latter from Lesvos appear to be erroneous; C. truncata subsp. occidentalis is known from Lesvos but records from Sardinia and Sicily appear to be erroneous. Records of C. regis-jubae from Sardinia are probably misidentifications for C. brutia var. naftolskyi. Records of C. brutia var. hamulata from the region are likely to be erroneous. A recent find of the alien C. terrestris in Spain is the first record for that country and the second record for Europe.
Remarks on the genus Lipotactes Brunner v. W., 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Lipotactinae) from China
Authors: FENG JI-YUAN , ZHOU ZHI-JUN , CNANG YAN-LIN , SHI FU-MING
Published: July 2017

The paper is a supplement of the genus Lipotactes Brunner v. W., 1898 (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae: Lipotactinae) from China. We rechecked the specimens and distributions, provided the illustrations of important morphological characters of six species distributed in China, one of which, Lipotactes vietnamicus Gorochov, 1993 is firstly recorded from China, and the female of Lipotactes truncatus Shi & Li, 2009 is firstly described.
Philippogalla, a new genus for Philipposcopus modestus (Baker) from the Philippines, and a new species of Philipposcopus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae) from China
Authors: XUE QINGQUAN , MCKAMEY STUART H. , ZHANG YALIN
Published: July 2017

A new genus of Idiocerinae, Philippogalla gen. nov., is described and illustrated based on Philipposcopus modestus (Baker) from the Philippines. A lectotype is designated for P. modestus. In addition, a new species Philipposcopus processus sp. nov. is described and illustrated from China.
A revision of the clam shrimp Australimnadia Timms and Schwentner, 2012 (Crustacea: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae) with two new species from Western Australia
Authors: TIMMS BRIAN V. , SCHWENTNER MARTIN
Published: July 2017

The original type species of Australimnadia is made a junior synonym of A. grobbeni, originally described as Limnadia grobbeni Daday, 1925. A second species of Australimnadia is described from Onslow, Western Australia; it differs in having unique egg morphology and is distinct in many morphological characters, including those of the telson and cercopod, but also of the thoracopods. Its validity is confirmed by molecular differences between the two species in COI and EF1α. A third species from southwestern Western Australia is separated morphologically by unique spination of the telson and setation of the cercopod, and by its egg morphology.
Network Structure of an AIDS-Denialist Online Community: Identifying Core Members and the Risk Group
Authors: Rykov Yuri G. , Meylakhs Peter A. , Sinyavskaya Yadviga E.
Published: July 2017

With rapid growth of online social network sites, the issue of health-related online communities and its social and behavioral implications has become increasingly important for public health. Unfortunately, online communities often become vehicles for promotion of pernicious misinformation, in particular, that HIV virus is a myth (AIDS denialism). This study seeks to explore online users’ behavior and interactions within AIDS-denialist community to identify and estimate the number of those, who potentially are most susceptible to AIDS-denialist arguments—“the risk group” in terms of becoming AIDS denialists. Social network analysis was used for examining the most numerous AIDS-denialist community (over 15,000 members) in the most popular Russian SNS “ VK.com .” In addition, content analysis was used for collecting data on attitudes toward AIDS-denialist arguments and participants’ self-disclosed HIV status. Two data sets were collected to analyze friendship ties and communication interactions among community members. We have identified the core of online community—cohesive and dedicated AIDS denialists, and the risk group: users who communicate with core members, and, thus, can be more susceptible to the AIDS-denialist propaganda and their health behaviors (e.g., refusing treatment). Analysis allowed to significantly reduce the target audience for possible intervention campaigns and simultaneously increase the accuracy of determining the risk group composition.