bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN MEDIA KARTU PUTAR DALAM PENYULUHAN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PENGETAHUAN MENCUCI TANGAN MEMAKAI SABUN PADA SISWA SD TEGALREJO 2 KOTA YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Agustina Ikfina , Istiqomah Siti Hani , Fauzie Mirza
Published: December 2017

Praktik mencuci tangan menggunakan sabun perlu diterapkan sejak dini sebagai upaya pen-cegahan penyakit. Salah satu kelompok sasaran utama yang penting adalah murid sekolah da-sar. Penyuluhan dapat diterima dengan maksimal jika media yang digunakan sesuai dengan sasaran. Media yang tepat digunakan untuk siswa sekolah dasar adalah yang dapat menarik perhatian mereka sehingga mempermudah dalam penyampaian pesan, seperti media ber-gambar. Salah satu media tersebut diberi nama kartu putar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk me-ngetahui pengaruh penggunaan media kartu putar dalam penyuluhan terhadap tingkat pe-ngetahuan cuci tangan pakai sabun. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen semu dengan desain pre-test post-test with control group, dan berlokasi di SD Tegelrejo 2 Kota Yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian terdiri dari siswa kelas IV A dan V A yang berjumah 30 anak sebagai kelompok per-lakuan dan siswa kelas IV B dan V B yang juga berjumlah 30 anak sebagai kelompok kontrol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kartu putar dapat meningkatkan skor pe-ngetahuan pada kelompok eksperimen (rata-rata 3,07) lebih besar daripada kelompok kontrol (rata-rata 1,57). Hasil analisis statistika menggunakan uji t-test bebas pada derajat kebermak-naan 95 %, menghasilkan p-value = 0,013, yang menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan peningkatan pengetahuan tersebut signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggu-naan media kartu putar pada kegiatan penyuluhan mempengaruhi peningkatan pengetahuan cuci tangan pakai sabun siswa di SD Tegalrejo 2.
PEMBUATAN BIOPLASTIK BERBAHAN BONGGOL PISANG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN GLISEROL
Authors: Prasetya Snan , Istiqomah Siti Hani , Yamtana Yamtana
Published: December 2017

Sampah plastik memiliki dampak yang serius bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan. Pembuatan plas-tik yang lebih ramah lingkungan, seperti bioplastik, adalah alternatif untuk mengurangi sampah plastik yang sulit terurai. Bonggol pisang dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan komposit pembuatan bioplastik karena mengandung selulosa dan pati. Dalam hal ini, diperlukan zat pemlastis untuk menghasilkan plastik yang elastis. Gliserol adalah zat pemlastis yang dikenal lebih baik diban-ding bahan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat degradasi, kuat tarik, dan elongasi (perpanjangan putus) yang terbaik dari bioplastik berbahan tepung bonggol pisang dan gliserol. Eksperimen yang dilakukan menggunakan post test only with control group de-sign, dengan variasi perlakuan terdiri dari kelompok 3:12, 4:12, 5:12 dan kelompok kontrol, de-ngan komposisi masing-masing adalah 3 gr, 4 gr, 5 gr dan 0 gr tepung bonggol pisang yang ditambahkan12 ml gliserol. Bioplastik dibuat dengan mencampur bahan-bahan tersebut pada suhu 60-70 0C, yang kemudian dicetak. Untuk setiap kelompok ada tiga kali replikasi, dimana data penelitian selanjutnya diuji dengan multivariate anova dan LSD pada derajat kemaknaan 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung bonggol pisang mempengaruhi tingkat degradasi, nilai kuat tarik dan elongasi dari bioplastik yang dihasilkan. Komposisi 5:12 menghasilkan bioplastik dengan tingkat degradasi terbaik, yaitu diukur dengan metoda soil bu-rial test menunjukkan terurai 27,88 % setiap 3 hari; dan memiliki kuat tarik yang terbaik pula ya-itu sebesar 20,08 kg/cm2. Adapun untuk elongasi, yang terbaik adalah kontrol dengan 26,67 %.
PEMANFAATAN LIMBAH PEPAYA (Carica papaya L) DAN TOMAT (Solanum lycopersicum L) UNTUK MEMPERCEPAT PENGOMPOSAN SAMPAH ORGANIK
Authors: Baharudin Aji , Suyanto Adib , Sudaryanto Sigid
Published: December 2017

Salah satu penanganan sampah organik adalah memaanfaatkannya menjadi bahan baku kom-pos. Dalam penelitian ini, untuk mempercepat waktu pengomposan,digunakan limbah pepaya dan limbah tomat sebagai inokulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis inokulan yang lebih efektif di antara dua jenis limbah buah tersebut, melalui eksperimen yang mengguna-kan rancangan post test only group. Obyek penelitian adalah sampah organik yang berasal dari halaman Asrama I Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta sebanyak 60 kg yang diperoleh dengan me-toda integrated sampling, sedangkan sampah limbah pepaya dan tomat sebanyak 2 kg yang di-peroleh dari Pasar Serangan, diambil dengan metoda purposive sampling. Berdasarkan indika-tor kompos matang, dari lima kali ulangan, rata-rata waktu terbentuknya kompos pada kelompok perlakuan dengan inokulan limbah pepaya adalah selama 32,3 hari dan inokulan limbah tomat selama 31,7 hari. Hasil uji statistik dengan t-test bebas memperoleh nilai p < 0,001 yang berarti bahwa perbedaan lama waktu pengomposan antara kedua inokulan tersebut memang bermak-na. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa limbah tomat lebih efektif dan cepat dibandingkan dengan limbah pepaya dalam mempercepat proses pengomposan.
PENERAPAN HACCP BUBUR BAYI BERAS MERAH TERHADAP PENERIMAAN DAN LAMA WAKTU SIMPAN
Authors: Listyanti Riska , Hendrarini Lilik , Narto Narto
Published: December 2017

Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan terlaksananya penerapan HACCP untuk bubur beras me-rah yang ditujukan untuk bayi usia 6-10 bulan, dan secara khusus menetapkan perbedaan lama waktu simpan bubur tersebut antara penerapan HACCP (variasi 1) dengan penerapan HACCP tanpa pengendalian CCP persiapan bahan (variasi 2); sanitasi alat (variasi 3); penjamah (variasi 4); cara pengolahan (variasi 5); penyimpanan (variasi 6) dan penyajian (variasi 7), serta mene-tapkan perbedaan penerimaan bubur beras merah variasi 1 dan bubur organik sebagai kontrol positif. Hal ini dilatar-belakangi karena dalam proses pembuatan bubur beras merah oleh ibu bayi, pada pemilihan bahan, sanitasi alat, penjamah dan cara pengolahan tidak memenuhi sya-rat. Begitu juga pada proses pengolahan bubur organik, pada sanitasi alat, penjamah, penyim-panan dan penyajian juga tidak memenuhi syarat. Metoda pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, dengan bahan penelitian bubur hasil olahan sendiri. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa: bayi homogenisasi yang menerima bubur beras merah olahan sendiri adalah sebesar 73,25 %, dan yang menerima bubur organik pabrikan sebesar 46,5 %; penerimaan bubur beras merah dengan bubur organik berbeda secara bermakna (nilai p: 0,022). Selain itu diketahui pula bahwa lama waktu simpan bubur beras merah variasi 1 lebih dari 12 jam; variasi 2, 12 jam ( p: 1,00); variasi 3, 12 jam (p: 0,831); variasi 4, 11 jam (p: 0,862); variasi 5, 11 jam (p: 0,478); variasi 6, 8 jam (p: 0,155); dan variasi 7, 11 jam (p: 0,473). Dengan demiki-an dapat disimpulkan bahwa lama waktu simpan bubur beras merah variasi 2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6 tidak berbeda dengan variasi 1.
PEMANFAATAN EKSTRAK BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) SEBAGAI DISINFEKTAN UNTUK MENURUNKAN ANGKA KUMAN DINDING DI RUANG LABORATORIUM
Authors: Wastiti Tri Wiji , Muryani Sri , Werdiningsih Indah
Published: December 2017

Hasil pemeriksaan angka kuman dinding di ruang laboratorium Jurusan Kesehatan Lingkungan Poltekkes Kemenkes Yogyakarta adalah sebesar 70,9 CFU/cm2. Angka tersebut masih di atas baku mutu yang diatur oleh Kepmenkes RI No.1204/Menkes/SK/X/2004 tentang Persyaratan Kesehatan Rumah Sakit, yaitu 0-5 CFU/cm2. Salah satu upaya yang perlu dilakukan yaitu melakukandisinfeksi ruangan laboratorium tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah penyemprotan ekstrak bawang putih dengan konsentrasi 20 % dapat menurunkan angka kuman dinding ruang laboratorium. Penelitian ini merupakan eksperimen dengan rancangan pre-test post-test. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di lima laboratorium yang berbeda, dan untuk tiap laboratorium ada empat titik sampling. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan lidi kapas steril yang diusapkan pada permukaan dinding seluas 10 cm x 10 cm lalu kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam 10 ml PBS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak bawang putih konsentrasi 20 % dapat menurunkan angka kuman dinding menjadi 32,35 CFU/cm2 atau ada rerata penurunan sebanyak 38,6 CFU/cm2 (54,4 %).
Analisis Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) di Bagian Finishing 2 Industri Serikat Pekerja Aluminium Sorosutan Tahun 2017
Authors: Kusumawardhani Dewi , Kasjono Heru Subaris , Purwanto Purwanto
Published: December 2017

Perkembangan di dunia industri menyebabkan banyaknya permasalahan yang penting untuk dikaji mengingat hazard dapat mengakibatkan risiko gangguan kesehatan bahkan kecelakaan kerja. Suatu industri membutuhkan sistem Kesehatan Keselamatan Kerja (K3) dengan metoda Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC), yang jika diterapkan, akti-vitas berbahaya dapat mudah ditemukan dan dapat segera dilakukan pengendalian sesuai besarnya tingkat risiko (urgent, high, medium, dan low). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Industri Seri-kat Pekerja Aluminium Sorosutan dan bertujuan ingin mengetahui identifikasi bahaya, penilaian risiko dan pengendalian risiko, khusunya di Bagian Finishing 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase potensi hazard yang masuk kategori urgent adalah 5 % di ruang pembubut-an dan 6 % di ruang las. Kemudian, persentase potensi hazard yang masuk kategori high ada-lah 22 % di ruang polish, 38 % di ruang brom, 36 % di ruang gerinda, 33 % di ruang quality control, dan 20 % di ruang pembersihan produk. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa hazard tertinggi yang masuk kategori urgent ada di dua ruang produksi yaitu ruang pembubutan dan las, sedangkan ruang produksi yang masuk kategori high terdapat di lima ru-ang produksi yaitu ruang polish, brom, gerinda, quality control, dan pembersihan produk (cuci).
PRINCÍPIOS JURÍDICOS AMBIENTAIS E O NÍVEL ELEVADO DE PROTEÇÃO
Authors: Bonome José Roberto , Lima Fabrício Wantoil , Ferreira Rildo Mourão , Leal Claúdia Pimenta
Published: December 2017

O artigo apresenta uma análise acerca do Direito Humano Fundamental ao Meio Ambiente Ecologicamente Equilibrado. Nesse sentido, os princípios jurídicos ambientais servem de sustentáculo para que se possa alcançar este objetivo e proporcionar o nível elevado de proteção. Dar-se-á ênfase aos princípios que norteiam o Direito Ambiental, visando esclarecer, mesmo de forma sucinta, as noções básicas e indispensáveis que registram as normas a serem seguidas, no meio social. O presente artigo é proveniente de uma pesquisa do tipo bibliográfica e qualitativa. Definiu-se pelo seguinte problema: a influência principiológica pode contribuir para a máxima proteção do meio ambiente?
Micellisation behavior on the dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of Brij-35 in pure water by conductivity measurement
Authors: Shahi Neelam , Bhattarai Ajaya
Published: December 2017

Conductivity measurement of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of Brij-35 in aqueous media at 289.15 K is performed. The result showed a sharp increase in conductivity with increase in the concentration of dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of Brij-35. The graph of specific conductivity versus concentration is used in determining the critical micelle concentration (CMC). There is the decrease in CMC of  dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide in the presence of  Brij-35 in comparison with the CMC of  dodecyltrimethyl ammonium bromide [DTAB]. Gibbs free energy of micellisation has also been evaluated.   BIBECHANA 15 (2018) 85-89
“An Ocean of Noise”: H.E. Reilley and the Making of a Legitimate Social Problem, 1911–45
Authors: Rudy Jarrett , Kenny Nicolas , Fahrni Magda
Published: December 2017

In the 1930s and early 1940s, McGill University physics professor H.E. Reilley led Montreal efforts to limit noise, evaluating the acoustics in buildings, giving speeches on the dangers of noise, and playing a part in writing the city’s first comprehensive anti-noise bylaw. Situating his noise abatement movement within the international rise of the field of applied acoustics, the advent of anti-noise campaigns in other countries, and previous state efforts to limit noise in Montreal, this article explores the numerous ways Reilley sought to make the dangers of noise a legitimate social issue in a culturally divided city. We argue that Reilley used his affiliation with McGill to overcome problems of professional legitimacy and that he sought powerful allies for his cause, deliberately bridging the French-English divide inherent to this industrial city. Reilley achieved less success in extending legal limitations on noise into the workplace and in having noise bylaws enforced. Ultimately, Reilley’s noise abatement campaigns represent particularly strong examples of reflexive modernity—a specifically modern response to problems brought about by modernity itself.
Debating Bill C-18: An Analysis of Power and Discourse in Parliamentary Proceedings on Canada’sAgricultural Growth Act
Authors: Tourangeau Wesley
Published: December 2017

Bill C-18, Canada’s Agricultural Growth Act, amended several pieces of agricultural legislation and represents an important step in Canada’s efforts to modernize its agriculture and agri-food legislation. Although the bill received widespread support from many farm and seed organizations, the groups who critically opposed it cited potential implications such as increased corporate control, further restrictions to seed-saving practices, and financial hardships. How were these highly divergent perspectives accounted for within law and policy formation? Using a framework based on multiple forms of power, this article contributes to a broader and more integrated approach to exploring the ways power dynamics get articulated in law and policy debates. Discourse analysis of 32 parliamentary documents helps to shed light on a range of patterns regarding relations of power in the text and context of these debates. Based on this analysis, I discuss how varying and interconnected relations of power produced an imbalanced climate for agriculture and agri-food law and policy development—one that prioritizes economic freedom, global competitiveness, and private property rights. Further research regarding these varied and complex power relations is necessary for improving equity and accountability within these legislative contexts and, more generally, Canada’s agriculture and agri-food system.
Il ruolo della competenza culturale nell'event marketing del turismo
Authors: Cannavale Chiara
Published: December 2017

Gli eventi costituiscono segmento importante sia del turismo business sia del turismo leisure e rappresentano una voce di entrata crescente per le imprese dell'Hospitality, con un contributo crescente del settore al prodotto interno lordo dei paesi a maggiore vocazione turistica.  Gli eventi sono prodotti progettati ed organizzati per favorire l'interazione sociale tra gli individui diversi, provenienti, in misura crescente, da culture differenti. È un business nel quale in maniera diretta, e più evidente rispetto ad altri, la qualità dell'interazione personale e l'efficacia dei processi di comunicazione incidono sull'experience degli utenti e, conseguentemente, sulla profittabilità degli operatori coinvolti. La cultural competence, intesa come la capacità dei manager di usare in maniera efficace il sapere culturale, ossia come la capacità di riconoscere e acquisire e combinare nella maniera più profittevole possibile la cultural knowledge, è un elemento chiave per il successo delle relazioni internazionali (Calvelli, Cannavale, 2013) e diventa una fonte rilevante della competitivtà, e, quindi, della profittabilità delle imprese di un settore in cui l'interazione tra culture diverse e l'efficacia della comunicazione interculturale rappresentano elementi sostanziali del core business (Minnaert, 2007; Minneart et al., 2009).Nonostante la letteratura di marketing sia ricca di contributi che evidenziano l'impatto della cultura sulle decisioni di acquisto dei consumatori e sull'efficacia dei processi di comunicazione e promozione, meno esplorato è il ruolo della competenza culturale nell'event marketing e, soprattutto in Italia, ancora decisamente limitato è l'investimento delle imprese del settore nell'analisi culturale dei mercati target e nella formazione culturale dei dipendenti. Questo articola intende contribuire alla letteratura sul tema esplorando il ruolo che la competenza culturale può avere per il successo delle politiche di marketing degli eventi e per il successo degli stessi.
Il programma inglese - Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT)
Authors: M. Clark David
Published: December 2017

Sono ormai disponibili chiare prove empiriche della efficacia di varie psicoterapie per i disturbi mentali, però solo una minima parte di pazienti ne usufruisce. Il programma inglese Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) cerca di migliorare l'accesso alla psicoterapia fornendo a più di 10.500 nuovi terapeuti una formazione in trattamenti supportati empiricamente e utilizzandoli sul territorio per la terapia della depressione e dei disturbi d'ansia. Lo IAPT tratta più di 560.000 pazienti all'anno, raccoglie i dati sui risultati nel 98.5% dei casi e li rende pubblicamente disponibili. Circa la metà dei pazienti trattati nel programma IAPT guarisce, e due terzi mostra benefici tangibili. Vengono presentati gli aspetti clinici ed economici del programma IAPT, le modalità di formazione degli operatori, del servizio offerto al pubblico e della implementazione del programma, e i risultati ottenuti aggiornati al luglio 2017. Si accenna anche ai limiti e alle direzioni future.
Antigone, una scena psicoanalitica rimossa
Authors: Maiullari Franco
Published: December 2017

Freud era un grande cultore di letteratura, e di teatro classico in particolare, tanto da farvi derivare l'idea fondamentale della psicoanalisi, quella edipica, e tanto da usare il modello psicoanalitico per interpretare varie opere letterarie. Dopo avere analizzato il modo singolare in cui Freud si servì dell'Edipo Re di Sofocle, in questo saggio si riflette sul perché egli non abbia mai preso in considerazione un'altra tragedia sofoclea, l'Antigone, che pure era un'opera ricca di spunti psicologici sullo sviluppo infantile, e che doveva pure essergli molto vicina, visto che col nome della protagonista chiamava la figlia Anna.
Marketing Animal-Friendly Products: Addressing the Consumer Social Dilemma with Reinforcement Positioning Strategies
Authors: Van Riemsdijk Lenka , Ingenbleek Paul , Van Trijp Hans , Van der Veen Gerrita
Published: December 2017

This article presents a conceptual framework that aims to encourage consumer animal-friendly product choice by introducing positioning strategies for animal-friendly products. These strategies reinforce the animal welfare with different types of consumption values and can therefore reduce consumers’ social dilemma, which is a major barrier to animal-friendly consumer choices. The article suggests how animal-friendly products can use various types of consumption values (functional, sensory, emotional, social, epistemic and situational) to create an attractive position relative to their competitors. It also explains why some consumer segments, such as those with a specific thinking style, may experience a stronger effect of some strategies, giving directions on how to approach different types of consumers. Finally, building on research asserting that animal welfare is a credence product attribute, the article proposes moderating effects of two factors that help consumers to evaluate the credibility of animal welfare claims, namely corporate social responsibility strategy and the role of stakeholders. Here it concludes that companies selling animal-friendly products need to be aware of the impact of their overall strategy on the effectiveness of positioning strategies for individual products and that, to gain consumer trust, they may need to collaborate with relevant stakeholders, such as media or animal-interest organizations.
Impacts of Autonomous Vehicles on Consumers Time-Use Patterns
Authors: Das Saptarshi , Sekar Ashok , Chen Roger , Kim Hyung , Wallington Timothy , Williams Eric
Published: December 2017

We use the American Time Use Survey (ATUS) to characterize how different consumers in the US might use Autonomous Vehicles (AVs). Our approach is to identify sub-groups of the population likely to benefit from AVs and compare their activity patterns with an otherwise similar group. The first subgroup is working individuals who drive to work with long total travel times. Auto-travelers in the top 20% of travel time number 19 million and travel 1.6 h more on a workday than those in the bottom 80%. For car-commuting professionals, the additional travel time of the long-traveling group comes from 30 min less work, 29 min less sleep, and 30 min less television watching per day. The second subgroup is working individuals with a long travel time and who take public transport. Long public transit riders show very similar differences in activity times as the driving subgroup. Work, sleep, and video functionalities of AVs are presumably in high demand by both groups. The third sub-group identified is elderly retired people. AVs enable mobility-restricted groups to travel more like those without restrictions. We compare two age groups, 60–75 years and >75 years old, the latter, on average, experiencing more mobility restrictions than their younger counterparts. The retired population older than 75 years numbers 16 million and travels 14 min less per day than retirees aged 60–75 years. The main activity change corresponding to this reduced travel is 7 min per day less shopping and 8 min per day less socializing. If older retired people use AVs to match the lifestyle of the 60–75 years old group, this would induce additional personal travel and retail sector demand. The economic, environmental and social implications of AV are very difficult to predict but expected to be transformative. The contribution of this work is that it utilizes time-use surveys to suggest how AV adoption could induce lifestyle changes inside and outside the vehicle.
Hydrogen Utilization in Green Fuel Synthesis via CO2 Conversion to Methanol over New Cu-Based Catalysts
Authors: Spadaro Lorenzo , Santoro Mariarita , Palella Alessandra , Arena Francesco
Published: December 2017

The use of hydrogen as an energy vector and raw material for “very clean liquid fuels” manufacturing has been assessed by the catalytic conversion of CO2 to methanol over copper based catalysts. A systematic evaluation of copper based catalysts, prepared varying the chemical composition, has been carried out at 0.1–5.0 MPa of total pressure and in the range of 453–513 K by using a semi-automated LAB-microplant, under CO2/H2 reactant mixture (1/3), fed at GHSV of 8.8 NL∙kgcat−1∙h−1. Material’s properties have been investigated by the means of chemical-physical studies. The findings disclose that the addition of structure promoters (i.e., ZrO2/CeO2) strongly improves the textural properties of catalysts, in term of total surface area and exposure of metal surface area (MSA), also reducing the sintering phenomena. The results of the catalytic study clearly prove a structure-activity relationship at low reaction pressure (0.1 MPa), while at higher pressure (3.0–5.0 MPa) the reaction path is insensitive to structure and chemical composition.
The Challenge of Urban Heat Exposure under Climate Change: An Analysis of Cities in the Sustainable Healthy Urban Environments (SHUE) Database
Authors: Milner James , Harpham Colin , Taylor Jonathon , Davies Mike , Le Quéré Corinne , Haines Andy , Wilkinson Paul
Published: December 2017

The so far largely unabated emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are expected to increase global temperatures substantially over this century. We quantify the patterns of increases for 246 globally-representative cities in the Sustainable Healthy Urban Environments (SHUE) database. We used an ensemble of 18 global climate models (GCMs) run under a low (RCP2.6) and high (RCP8.5) emissions scenario to estimate the increase in monthly mean temperatures by 2050 and 2100 based on 30-year averages. Model simulations were from the Coupled Model Inter-comparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Annual mean temperature increases were 0.93 degrees Celsius by 2050 and 1.10 degrees Celsius by 2100 under RCP2.6, and 1.27 and 4.15 degrees Celsius under RCP8.5, but with substantial city-to-city variation. By 2100, under RCP2.6 no city exceeds an increase in Tmean > 2 degrees Celsius (relative to a 2017 baseline), while all do under RCP8.5, some with increases in Tmean close to, or even greater than, 7 degrees Celsius. The increases were greatest in cities of mid to high latitude, in humid temperate and dry climate regions, and with large seasonal variation in temperature. Cities are likely to experience large increases in hottest month mean temperatures under high GHG emissions trajectories, which will often present substantial challenges to adaptation and health protection.
Potential of Tropical Fruit Waste Biomass for Production of Bio-Briquette Fuel: Using Indonesia as an Example
Authors: Brunerová Anna , Roubík Hynek , Brožek Milan , Herák David , Šleger Vladimír , Mazancová Jana
Published: December 2017

Within developing countries, there is an appeal to use waste biomass for energy generation in the form of bio-briquettes. This study investigated the potential use of bio-briquettes that are produced from the waste biomass of the following tropical fruits: durian (Durio zibethinus), coconut (Cocos nucifera), coffee (Coffea arabica), cacao (Theobroma cacao), banana (Musa acuminata) and rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum). All fruit waste biomass samples exhibited an extremely high level of initial moisture content (78.22% in average). Fruit samples with the highest proportion of fruit waste biomass (of total unprocessed fruit mass) were represented by cacao (83.82%), durian (62.56%) and coconut (56.83%). Highest energy potentials (calorific value) of fruit waste biomass were observed in case of coconut (18.22 MJ∙kg−1), banana (17.79 MJ∙kg−1) and durian (17.60 MJ∙kg−1) fruit samples, whereas fruit waste biomass with the lowest level of ash content originated from the rambutan (3.67%), coconut (4.52%), and durian (5.05%) fruit samples. When investigating the energy demands to produce bio-briquettes from such feedstock materials, the best results (lowest amount of required deformation energy in combination with highest level of bio-briquette bulk density) were achieved by the rambutan, durian and banana fruit waste biomass samples. Finally, all investigated bio-briquette samples presented satisfactory levels of bulk density (>1050 kg∙m−3). In conclusion, our results indicated the practicability and viability of such bio-briquette fuel production, as well as supporting the fact that bio-briquettes from tropical fruit waste biomass can offer a potentially attractive energy source with many benefits, especially in rural areas.
Gas Hydrate and Free Gas Concentrations in Two Sites inside the Chilean Margin (Itata and Valdivia Offshores)
Authors: Iván Vargas-Cordero , Umberta Tinivella , Lucía Villar-Muñoz
Published: December 2017

Two sectors, Itata and Valdivia, which are located in the Chilean margin were analysed by using seismic data with the main purpose to characterize the gas hydrate concentration. Strong lateral velocity variations are recognised, showing a maximum value in Valdivia offshore (2380 ms−1 above the BSR) and a minimum value in the Itata offshore (1380 m·s−1 below the BSR). In both of the sectors, the maximum hydrate concentration reaches 17% of total volume, while the maximum free gas concentration is located Valdivia offshore (0.6% of total volume) in correspondence of an uplift sector. In the Itata offshore, the geothermal gradient that is estimated is variable and ranges from 32 °C·km−1 to 87 °C·km−1, while in Valdivia offshore it is uniform and about 35 °C·km−1. When considering both sites, the highest hydrate concentration is located in the accretionary prism (Valdivia offshore) and highest free gas concentration is distributed upwards, which may be considered as a natural pathway for lateral fluid migration. The results that are presented here contribute to the global knowledge of the relationship between hydrate/free gas presence and tectonic features, such as faults and folds, and furnishes a piece of the regional hydrate potentiality Chile offshore.
Decoupling Weather Influence from User Habits for an Optimal Electric Load Forecast System
Authors: Massidda Luca , Marrocu Marino
Published: December 2017

The balance between production and consumption in a smart grid with high penetration of renewable sources and in the presence of energy storage systems benefits from an accurate load prediction. A general approach to load forecasting is not possible because of the additional complication due to the increasing presence of distributed and usually unmeasured photovoltaic production. Various methods are proposed in the literature that can be classified into two classes: those that predict by separating the portion of load due to consumption habits from the part of production due to local weather conditions, and those that attempt to predict the load as a whole. The characteristic that should lead to a preference for one approach over another is obviously the percentage of penetration of distributed production. The study site discussed in this document is the grid of Borkum, an island located in the North Sea. The advantages in terms of reducing forecasting errors for the electrical load, which can be obtained by using weather information, are explained. In particular, when comparing the results of different approaches gradually introducing weather forecasts, it is clear that the correct functional dependency of production has to be taken into account in order to obtain maximum yield from the available information. Where possible, this approach can significantly improve the quality of the forecasts, which in turn can improve the balance of a network—especially if energy storage systems are in place.
How Well Do Health-Mediation Programs Address the Determinants of the Poor Health Status of Roma? A Longitudinal Case Study
Authors: Belak Andrej , Veselska Zuzana Dankulincova , Geckova Andrea Madarasova , Dijk Jitse P. van , Reijneveld Sijmen A.
Published: December 2017

In Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), health-mediation programs (HMPs) have become central policy instruments targeting health inequities between segregated Roma and general populations. Social determinants of health (SDH) represent the root causes behind health inequities. We therefore evaluated how an HMP based in Slovakia addressed known SDH in its agenda and its everyday implementation. To produce descriptive data on the HMP’s agenda and everyday implementation we observed and consulted 70 program participants across organizational levels and 30 program recipients over the long-term. We used a World Health Organization framework on SDH to direct data acquisition and consequent data content analysis, to structure the reporting of results, and to evaluate the program’s merits. In its agenda, the HMP did not address most known SDH, except for healthcare access and health-related behaviours. In the HMP’s everyday implementation, healthcare access facilitation activities were well received, performed as set out and effective. The opposite was true for most educational activities targeting health-related behaviours. The HMP fieldworkers were proactive and sometimes effective at addressing most other SDH domains beyond the HMP agenda, especially material conditions and psychosocial factors, but also selected local structural aspects. The HMP leaders supported such deliberate engagement only informally, considering the program inappropriate by definition and too unstable institutionally to handle such extensions. Reports indicate that the situation in other CEE HMPs is similar. To increase the HMPs’ impact on SDH, their theories and procedures should be adapted according to the programs’ more promising actual practice regarding SDH.
Development and Validation of the Brief Folate-Specific Food Frequency Questionnaire for Young Women’s Diet Assessment
Authors: Głąbska Dominika , Książek Aneta , Guzek Dominika
Published: December 2017

The tools enabling brief assessment of folate intake may be of great value for public health purposes. The aim of the presented study was to design a brief folate-specific food frequency questionnaire for Central and Eastern European population of women, as well as to assess the validity and reproducibility of the designed Folate-Intake Calculation-Food Frequency Questionnaire (Fol-IC-FFQ) on a group of Polish women aged 20–30 years. Participants collected 3-day dietary records and completed the Fol-IC-FFQ twice (FFQ1: directly after the dietary record; and FFQ2: six weeks later). The analysis included an assessment of validity (comparison of the results of FFQ1 and 3-day dietary record) and of reproducibility (comparison of the results of FFQ1 and FFQ2). In assessment of validity, a Bland-Altman index of 5.3% was observed. In assessment of reproducibility, a Bland-Altman index of 2.7% was observed, the share of individuals classified into the same intake adequacy category was over 85%, the share of individuals classified into the same tertile was almost 75%, the weighted κ statistic indicated substantial agreement (0.67) and correlation was significant (p = 0.0000; R = 0.7995). Assessment of the Fol-IC-FFQ revealed a satisfactory level of validity and very good level of reproducibility in the population of young Polish women. The Fol-IC-FFQ may be considered a valid tool for the assessment of folate intake in young Polish women and a promising tool for the assessment of folate intake in young women in Central and Eastern Europe.
Small Water Enterprise in Rural Rwanda: Business Development and Year-One Performance Evaluation of Nine Water Kiosks at Health Care Facilities
Authors: Huttinger Alexandra , Brunson Laura , Moe Christine , Roha Kristin , Ngirimpuhwe Providence , Mfura Leodomir , Kayigamba Felix , Ciza Philbert , Dreibelbis Robert
Published: December 2017

Small water enterprises (SWEs) have lower capital expenditures than centralized systems, offering decentralized solutions for rural markets. This study evaluated SWEs in rural Rwanda, where nine health care facilities (HCF) owned and operated water kiosks supplying water from onsite water treatment systems (WTS). SWEs were monitored for 12 months. Spearman’s Rank Correlation Coefficient (rs) was used to evaluate correlations between demand for kiosk water and community characteristics, and between kiosk profit and factors influencing the cost model. On average, SWEs distributed 15,300 L/month. One SWE ran at a loss, four had profit margins of ≤10% and four had profit margins of 45–75%. Factors influencing SWE performance were intermittent water supply (87% of SWE closures were due to water shortage), consumer demand (demand was high where populations already used improved water sources (rs = 0.81, p = 0.02)), price sensitivity (demand was lower where SWEs had high prices (rs = −0.65, p = 0.08)), and production cost (water utility tariffs negatively impacted SWE profits (rs = −0.52, p < 0.01)). Sustainability was more favorable in circumstances where recovery of capital expenditures was not expected, and the demand for treated water was sufficient to fund operational expenditures. Future research is needed to assess the extent to which kiosk revenue can support ongoing operational costs of WTS and kiosks both at HCF and in other contexts.
Price and Availability of Sugar-Free, Sugar-Reduced and Low Glycemic Index Cereal Products in Northwestern México
Authors: Arámburo-Gálvez Jesús , Ontiveros Noé , Vergara-Jiménez Marcela , Magaña-Ordorica Dalia , Gracia-Valenzuela Martina , Cabrera-Chávez Francisco
Published: December 2017

Sugar-free (SF), sugar-reduced (SR), or low-glycemic-index (low GI) cereal products could be helpful for the dietary treatment of disorders related to glucose homeostasis. However, access and economic aspects are barriers that could hamper their consumption. Thus, the availability and price of such cereal products were evaluated in Northwestern México. The products were categorized in 10 groups. The data were collected in five cities by store visitation (from November 2015 to April 2016). The availability in specialized stores and supermarkets was expressed as availability rates based on the total number of products. The price of the SF, SR, and low GI products were compared with their conventional counterparts. Availability rates were higher in supermarkets than in specialized stores by product numbers (14.29% versus 3.76%, respectively; p < 0.001) and by product categories (53.57% versus 26.92%, respectively; p < 0.001). Five categories of products labeled as SF, SR, and low GI (oats, cookies and crackers, flours, snacks, and tostadas/totopos) had higher prices than their conventional counterparts (p < 0.05). In conclusion, in Northwestern Mexico, the availability of SF, SR, and low GI cereal-based foods is relatively low, and these foods are more expensive than their conventional counterparts.
Outcomes in the Utilization of Single Percutaneous Cholecystostomy in a Low-Income Population
Authors: Lu Ping , Yang Nan-Ping , Chang Nien-Tzu , Lai K. , Lin Kai-Biao , Chan Chien-Lung
Published: December 2017

Numerous studies have investigated the applicable populations for percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) procedures, but the outcomes of PC in low-income populations (LIPs) have been insufficiently studied. Data for 11,184 patients who underwent PC were collected from the National Health Insurance Research Database of Taiwan during 2003 and 2012. The overall crude rate of single PC for the LIP was 64% higher than that for the general population (GP). After propensity score matching for the LIP and GP at a ratio of 1:5, the outcome analysis of patients who underwent PC showed that in-hospital mortality was significantly higher in the LIP group than in the GP group, but one-year recurrence was lower. The rates of 30-day mortality and in-hospital complications were higher for the LIP patients than for the GP patients, and the rate of routine discharge was lower, but the differences were not significant. In conclusion, LIP patients undergoing PC exhibit poor prognoses relative to GP patients, indicating that a low socioeconomic status has an adverse impact on the outcome of PC. We suggest that surgeons fully consider the patient’s financial situation during the operation and further consider the possible poor post-surgical outcomes for LIP patients.
Environmental Factors Correlated with Culturable Enterococci Concentrations in Tropical Recreational Waters: A Case Study in Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico
Authors: Laureano-Rosario Abdiel , Symonds Erin , Rueda-Roa Digna , Otis Daniel , Muller-Karger Frank
Published: December 2017

Enterococci concentration variability at Escambron Beach, San Juan, Puerto Rico, was examined in the context of environmental conditions observed during 2005–2015. Satellite-derived sea surface temperature (SST), turbidity, direct normal irradiance, and dew point were combined with local precipitation, winds, and mean sea level (MSL) observations in a stepwise multiple regression analyses (Akaike Information Criteria model selection). Precipitation, MSL, irradiance, SST, and turbidity explained 20% of the variation in observed enterococci concentrations based upon these analyses. Changes in these parameters preceded increases in enterococci concentrations by 24 h up to 11 days, particularly during positive anomalies of turbidity, SST, and 480–960 mm of accumulated (4 days) precipitation, which relates to bacterial ecology. Weaker, yet still significant, increases in enterococci concentrations were also observed during positive dew point anomalies. Enterococci concentrations decreased with elevated irradiance and MSL anomalies. Unsafe enterococci concentrations per US EPA recreational water quality guidelines occurred when 4-day cumulative precipitation ranged 481–960 mm; irradiance < 667 W·m−2; daily average turbidity anomaly >0.005 sr−1; SST anomaly >0.8 °C; and 3-day average MSL anomaly <−18.8 cm. This case study shows that satellite-derived environmental data can be used to inform future water quality studies and protect human health.
Preclinical Imaging for the Study of Mouse Models of Thyroid Cancer
Authors: Greco Adelaide , Auletta Luigi , Orlandella Francesca , Iervolino Paola , Klain Michele , Salvatore Giuliana , Mancini Marcello
Published: December 2017

Thyroid cancer, which represents the most common tumors among endocrine malignancies, comprises a wide range of neoplasms with different clinical aggressiveness. One of the most important challenges in research is to identify mouse models that most closely resemble human pathology; other goals include finding a way to detect markers of disease that common to humans and mice and to identify the most appropriate and least invasive therapeutic strategies for specific tumor types. Preclinical thyroid imaging includes a wide range of techniques that allow for morphological and functional characterization of thyroid disease as well as targeting and in most cases, this imaging allows quantitative analysis of the molecular pattern of the thyroid cancer. The aim of this review paper is to provide an overview of all of the imaging techniques used to date both for diagnosis and theranostic purposes in mouse models of thyroid cancer.
Insights into the Structural Requirements of Potent Brassinosteroids as Vegetable Growth Promoters Using Second-Internode Elongation as Biological Activity: CoMFA and CoMSIA Studies
Authors: Ferrer-Pertuz Karoll , Espinoza Luis , Mella Jaime
Published: December 2017

In the present study, we have employed the ligand-based drug design technique, 3D-QSAR, through a comparative molecular field analysis (CoMFA) and a comparative molecular similarity indices analysis (CoMSIA) to determine the key factors for the plant growth promoting activity of brassinosteroids reported in literature, using the bean second-internode bioassay measured on two groups of compounds with different molar concentrations. This is the first 3D-QSAR study using the second internode elongation as biological activity. These results provide useful ideas for the design of new molecules, which could be explored in the future to identify novel vegetable growth promoters with similar or greater biological activity than natural brassinosteroids. The reliability of this study was supported by the robust statistical parameters obtained from CoMFA (Model A, r2pred = 0.751; Model B, r2pred = 0.770) and CoMSIA (Model A, r2pred = 0.946; Model B, r2pred = 0.923) analysis.
Role of Galectins in Multiple Myeloma
Authors: Storti Paola , Marchica Valentina , Giuliani Nicola
Published: December 2017

Galectins are a family of lectins that bind β-galactose-containing glycoconjugates and are characterized by carbohydrate-recognition domains (CRDs). Galectins exploit several biological functions, including angiogenesis, regulation of immune cell activities and cell adhesion, in both physiological and pathological processes, as tumor progression. Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) malignancy characterized by the tight adhesion between tumoral PCs and bone marrow (BM) microenvironment, leading to the increase of PC survival and drug resistance, MM-induced neo-angiogenesis, immunosuppression and osteolytic bone lesions. In this review, we explore the expression profiles and the roles of galectin-1, galectin-3, galectin-8 and galectin-9 in the pathophysiology of MM. We focus on the role of these lectins in the interplay between MM and BM microenvironment cells showing their involvement in MM progression mainly through the regulation of PC survival and MM-induced angiogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. The translational impact of these pre-clinical pieces of evidence is supported by recent data that indicate galectins could be new attractive targets to block MM cell growth in vivo and by the evidence that the expression levels of LGALS1 and LGALS8, genes encoding for galectin-1 and galectin-8 respectively, correlate to MM patients’ survival.
A Novel PCC-Catalyzed Process Involving the Oxidative Cleavage of an α-Bromomethyl-tetrahydrofuran Bond. Synthesis of (2S,3R)-2-{(R)-Bromo[(2R,3R,5S,6R)-3,5-dibromo-6-ethyltetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-yl]methyl}-5-oxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl Benzoate
Authors: Piccialli Vincenzo
Published: December 2017

In this note, we report the discovery of a novel pyridinium chlorochroamte-catalyzed process in which an α-bromomethyl-tetrahydrofuran bond was oxidatively cleaved to give a γ-lactone functionality. The title compound was synthesized from a C15 polybrominated acetogenin compound, isolated from the marine sponge Mycale rotalis, by benzoylation followed by pyridinium chlorochromate-catalyzed oxidation. This new degraded derivative was fully characterized by 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared), EIMS (Electron impact mass spectrometry) and HRESIMS (High-resolution electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry).
LC-MS/MS Detection of Karlotoxins Reveals New Variants in Strains of the Marine Dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum from the Ebro Delta (NW Mediterranean)
Authors: Krock Bernd , Busch Julia , Tillmann Urban , García-Camacho Francisco , Sánchez-Mirón Asterio , Gallardo-Rodríguez Juan , López-Rosales Lorenzo , Andree Karl , Fernández-Tejedor Margarita , Witt Matthias , Cembella Allan , Place Allen
Published: December 2017

A liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was developed for the detection and quantitation of karlotoxins in the selected reaction monitoring (SRM) mode. This novel method was based upon the analysis of purified karlotoxins (KcTx-1, KmTx-2, 44-oxo-KmTx-2, KmTx-5), one amphidinol (AM-18), and unpurified extracts of bulk cultures of the marine dinoflagellate Karlodinium veneficum strain CCMP2936 from Delaware (Eastern USA), which produces KmTx-1 and KmTx-3. The limit of detection of the SRM method for KmTx-2 was determined as 2.5 ng on-column. Collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra of all putative karlotoxins were recorded to present fragmentation patterns of each compound for their unambiguous identification. Bulk cultures of K. veneficum strain K10 isolated from an embayment of the Ebro Delta, NW Mediterranean, yielded five previously unreported putative karlotoxins with molecular masses 1280, 1298, 1332, 1356, and 1400 Da, and similar fragments to KmTx-5. Analysis of several isolates of K. veneficum from the Ebro Delta revealed small-scale diversity in the karlotoxin spectrum in that one isolate from Fangar Bay produced KmTx-5, whereas the five putative novel karlotoxins were found among several isolates from nearby, but hydrographically distinct Alfacs Bay. Application of this LC-MS/MS method represents an incremental advance in the determination of putative karlotoxins, particularly in the absence of a complete spectrum of purified analytical standards of known specific potency.
Improved Plasticity of Ti-Based Bulk Metallic Glass at Room Temperature by Electroless Thin Nickel Coating
Authors: Wang Xin , Hu Ximei , Zhao Lichen , Jiang Dongxu , Chen Peng , Wang Pengdong , Zhang Zhipeng , Liu Shuiqing , Cui Chunxiang
Published: December 2017

By restricting the dilated deformation, surface modification can stimulate multiple shear banding and improve the plasticity of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). Aimed at modifying the surface of BMGs by thin layers, a crystalline Ni coating with ultrafine grains was coated on the surface of a Ti-based BMG by electroless plating. With a thickness of about 10 μm, the prepared thin coating could effectively limit the fast propagation of primary shear bands and stimulate the nucleation of multiple shear bands. As a result, the compression plasticity of the coated Ti-based BMG was improved to about 3.7% from near 0% of the non-coated BMG. Except for a small amount of Ni coating was adhered to the BMG substrate after fracture, most of the coatings were peeled off from the surface. It can be attributed to the abnormal growth of some coarse grains/particles in local region of the coating, which induces a large tensile stress at the interface between the coating and the BMG substrate. It is suggested that, for electroless nickel plating, improving the adhesive bonding strength between the coating and the substrate has a better geometric restriction effect than simply increasing the thickness of the coating.