bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La noción de brasilidad en el periodismo anglo-sajón: un análisis del discurso de The Times en la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2014
Authors: De Lima Alves Cortez Gabriel , Marques José Carlos
Published: June 2019

Este artículo analiza el discurso del diario inglés The Times con el objetivo de verificar cómo los periodistas del periódico cubrieron la Copa Mundial de la FIFA 2014 y, dentro de esa cobertura, como describieron a Brasil (el país sede) y a los brasileños. La metodología de pesquisa se basa en conceptos del Análisis del Discurso Francesa (específicamente, en la idea de “implícitos”, elaborada por Oswald Ducrot) y en los Estudios Culturales (donde destaca Stuart Hall). De esta manera, se pretende verificar si los textos del periódico trabajaron en lugares comunes sobre Brasil y los brasileños, como el epíteto “Brasil: país del fútbol”. ¿En un contexto de una supuesta fragmentación de las identidades y de una crisis de las identidades clásicas, fueron Brasil y los brasileños descritos por la prensa anglo-sajan como “el” “País del fútbol”, desde una perspectiva esencialista y homogeneizadora, como si todos los brasileños fuesen apasionados por el fútbol (sin excepciones)? ¿Qué otras identidades son (re) producidas sobre Brasil y los brasileños? La investigación indica que a pesar de que en determinados fragmentos los textos hubieren reproducido e homogeneizado lugares-comunes sobre Brasil y los brasileños, hubo extractos de una representación pluralista y diferenciadora que se hizo notar.
Cuerpo, resistencia y género: un análisis del testimonio de María Amélia de Almeida desde la teoría género
Authors: Díaz Muñoz Consuelo
Published: June 2019

Este artículo forma parte de una investigación mayor cuyo objetivo es interpretar los testimonios de prisión política latinoamericana de mujeres desde la teoría feminista para establecer nuevos parámetros para la comprensión y configuración de la mujer en la historia en tanto sujeto político y social activo. En este caso se analizará el testimonio de la brasileña Maria Amélia de Almeida, entendiendo este texto como un espacio de enunciación válido de una experiencia límite, construido a partir del intercambio de vivencias subjetivas que reafirmarán a la mujer como un sujeto político inserta en un contexto de presidio, violencia y transgresión. Así, esta sobreviviente expondrá cómo el género, al ser una estructura social, construye relaciones desiguales y legitima diferencias no solo en la participación política del propio partido, sino también, y sobre todo, en la represión padecida, enfocándose en cómo la dimensión sicológica de las torturas sexuales también adquiere un particular carácter de género.
Effect of yeast cell wall supplementation on production performances and blood biochemical indices of dairy cows in different lactation periods
Authors: Aung Min , Ohtsuka Hiromichi , Izumi Kenichi
Published: June 2019

Aim: This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of yeast cell wall (YCW) supplementation on production performances and blood biochemical indices such as liver enzyme activities, energy metabolites, and electrolyte concentrations of dairy cows in different lactation periods (LP). Materials and Methods: Thirty-two lactating Holstein cows were assigned into 2×2 factorial arrangement, in which the factors were the treatment (TM) (control [n=16] vs. YCW [n=16]) and the LP (early lactation [n=14] vs. mid-lactation [n=18]). The cows with day in milk (DIM) <120 (81±7 DIM) were defined as early lactating cows, whereas the cows with DIM >120 (179±5 DIM) were assumed as mid-lactating cows. The YCW (SafMannan; Phileo, Lesaffre Animal Care, France) was used as the dietary supplement (10 g/cow/day) in this experiment. The statistical analysis of the data was performed by the two-way analysis of variance using the general linear model procedure to determine the main effects (TM and LP) and their interaction (TM×LP) on production performances and blood biochemical parameters of experimental cows. Results: No significant effects (p>0.05) of YCW supplementation on production performances and blood biochemical indices of cows in TM groups (control vs. YCW) were observed; however, some obvious effects were detected in LP (early- and mid-lactation). Milk and milk component yield of cows in early lactation were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in mid-lactation, whereas somatic cell count and milk urea nitrogen were not different (p>0.05) with the YCW supplementation. The higher level (p<0.05) of serum albumin was found in mid-lactating cows after YCW supplementation. Before the experiment, the higher (p<0.05) non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) and NEFA/total cholesterol (T-Cho) ratio, and the lower (p<0.05) calcium (Ca) concentration were observed in early lactating cows comparison with mid-lactating cows; however, there were not different after YCW supplementation. Conclusion: The positive effects of YCW supplementation on milk and milk component yields, energy metabolite, especially NEFA and NEFA/T-Cho ratio and Ca concentration were observed in early lactating cows rather than mid-lactating cows.
Efeito do pulsing em hastes cortadas de girassol ornamental ‘Sunbright Supreme’ em diferentes estádios de desenvolvimento
Authors: Nascimento Angela Maria Pereira do , Paiva Patrícia Duarte de Oliveira , Manfredini Guilherme Mariano , Sales Thaís Silva
Published: June 2019

The use of ornamental sunflower as a cut flower has been increasing due to the advent of new cultivars and the demand of the flowergrowing market for new products. However, there are few studies related to postharvest of this species. The objective of this research was to evaluate the water balance and durability of ‘Sunbright Supreme’ sunflower collected at three different harvest stages and submitted or not to a pulsing with sucrose. The flower stalks were collected fully open, at an intermediate opening stage and also closed; they were then standardized at 50 cm and stored in water or 4% sucrose solution during 24 hours. After this period, stalks were maintained in sealed bottles containing 500 mL of water. Fresh matter, water consumption, flower opening, complete durability and visual quality of stems were evaluated every three days, considering a rating scale of color, turgescence and stalk bending. Rates of absorption and transpiration were calculated considering the fresh matter and variation in water volume. There was an increase in fresh matter and high water consumption in inflorescences until the seventh day; after this period, there was a reduction in weight and increased transpiration rates. Stems collected closed, closed with pulsing and at an intermediate stage treated with pulsing were maintained in commercial quality about four days longer than the open harvested (with and without pulsing) and intermediate without pulsing. Sucrose pulsing leads to flower opening of stalks collected at all harvest stages. The positive water balance was observed until the seventh day and contributes to the maintenance of commercial quality in ornamental sunflower. The early harvest of ornamental sunflower ‘Sunbright Supreme’ is recommended, besides the application of 4% sucrose pulsing.
Programas DEMOS: los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual forman parte de la comunidad universitaria
Authors: Alcázar Colilla Javier
Published: June 2019

La ley garantiza a los jóvenes con discapacidad intelectual la educación obligatoria, ya sea por la vía inclusiva o por la vía especial. Pero una vez superada esta, hasta hace muy poco no existían alternativas formativas que les permitieran seguir estudiando y, especialmente, elegir su vocación. Ante la realidad excluyente a la que se enfrentaba este colectivo, la Universidad Pontificia Comillas puso en marcha hace ya siete años los Programas Formativos DEMOS, centrados en proporcionarles una alta capacitación laboral ajustada a las necesidades del mercado de trabajo y, lo que es más importante, a poder desarrollar su vocación.
Legal Responsibility in the Legislative System of Kazakhstan
Authors: KOZHAKHMETOV Galym Z. , ASKAROV Ermek Kh. , ASKAROVA Gulnara M.
Published: June 2019

The relevance of the study is caused by the paramount importance of the legal responsibility institution, without which one cannot imagine the existence of the legal state. Threading all the spheres of public life, the legal category of responsibility is a significant element of the mechanism for their regulation and plays an important role in the provision of order and safety. The objective of the paper is in the cognition of the complicated and multi-faceted phenomenon of legal responsibility and in the definition of its position in the legislative system of the Republic of Kazakhstan. In this regard, this paper is aimed at the revealing of the main approaches towards the understanding of the responsibility in law, the study of the kinds of legal responsibility and their legal sources. The leading approach in the study is the analysis that allows integrally considering the accumulated theoretical experience in the issues of legal responsibility, as well as revealing the drawbacks in the documentation of the responsibility in the applicable legislation. The paper presents modern concepts of legal responsibility, reveals the existing definitions of its concept, and considers the system of legal responsibility and its basic elements (kinds) with the definition of its legal framework for each element of the responsibility. The materials of the paper may be helpful to the scientists in their research of the problems of legal responsibility in all the legal branches, university teachers and students in the educational process when studying and teaching the legal disciplines.
Cognitive Aspects of Criminal Justice Policy
Authors: VILKS Andrejs , KIPĀNE Aldona
Published: June 2019

The relevance of this article is that the criminal justice policy has not been given enough attention and is rarely mentioned in legal literature. The purpose of this article is to analyze the cognitive aspects of criminal justice policy. The article provides an insight into criminal justice policy in the area of crime prevention and combating. In the article the analysis of legal and criminal policy concepts are described, analyzing their nature. Criminal law policy is viewed, considering the requirements of international legal acts as well. Criminal law policy is also outlined as one of the instruments for solution of social problems. As to its nature, it is the activity of a special state and municipal institution type directed at strengthening of national legal system. This research will be readable for lawyers, judges and other people who is interesting in criminal justice system and its aspects.
General-Compulsory Medical Insurance: World Experience
Authors: YAROSHENKO Oleg M. , VAPNYARCHUK Natalya M. , LOZOVOI Sergii V. , YAKOVLEVA Galina O. , YAKOVLYEV Oleksandr A.
Published: June 2019

Given the insufficient level of regulation of the health insurance institute in Ukrainian legislation, the article attempts to investigate global experience in the context of this issue. In particular, a number of international documents were investigated, their content was characterized and the main provisions were highlighted. Based on collected and analyzed data, the authors outlined the areas of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the highest standards of the EU, made a proposal for the ratification of the conventions of the International Labor Organization. Supported a proposal for the development and adoption of a separate special law on general-compulsory state health insurance, which would regulate issues related to health insurance.
International Legal Aspects of Regulating the Use of Transboundary Rivers in Central Asia
Authors: ZHUNUSBEKOVA Aigerim Zhunusbekovna , ABASHIDZE Aslan Khuseinovich , TLEPINA Sholpan Valerievna
Published: June 2019

Water resources in Central Asia have always had and continue to have a significant impact on economic activities of the states of the region since all the major rivers here are transboundary and there are disagreements between the countries of the region about water supply and sharing of water resources. There are also disagreements on the application of norms of international law in the sphere of international legal regulation of transboundary water resources.

The purpose of this article is to study international legal problems of transboundary water resources use by Central Asia states. In the course of the work performed, general methodological principles are used: system approach when analyzing the conceptual apparatus of the topic; comparative legal method when analyzing international treaties, acts, laws on the use of transboundary waters; method of historical analysis when studying the formation and development of international cooperation of Central Asian states in the field of transboundary water resources use.In this article, based on the study of international legal norms, the practice of their application in the field of cooperation of states on use of transboundary water resources, the problems and prospects for development of international legal regulation of cooperation of states in use and management of transboundary water resources in Central Asian region are identified.
Corrosion of the metal parts of diesel engines in biodiesel-based fuels
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Phuong , Vu Hai Nam
Published: June 2019

Biodiesel, an environmentally-friendly bio-fuel, has been regarded as one of the most promising alternatives to fossil fuels whose use is rampant in the transportation sector. However, it is important that the corrosive effects of this fuel on engines are studied. This work reviews the corrosiveness that biodiesel exerts on various engine components, especially those made out of metals. First, an analysis of the corrosion mechanisms of metals exposed to biodiesel is provided. The conventional and advanced analysis methods will be applied to measure the level of corrosiveness in static immersion test, and to assess the formation of secondary products, if any, in biodiesel and any metal strips in contact with biodiesel-based fuel. The use of inhibitions to guard against corrosion will be mentioned. Lastly, several significant causes of metal corrosion, namely, the presence of dissolved oxygen and oxidation products, TAN change, a rise in dissolved water, the presence of metals, and the changes in biodiesel properties will also be presented. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Comparative analysis between pyrolysis products of Spirulina platensis biomass and its residues
Authors: Jamilatun Siti , Budhijanto B. , Rochmadi R. , Yuliestyan Avido , Hadiyanto H. , Budiman Arief
Published: June 2019

Today’s needs of energy are yet globally dominated by fossil energy sources, causing the depletion of non-renewable energy. Alternatively, a potential substitute is the energy of biomass. Spirulina platensis (SP) is a microalgae biomass which, if extracted, will produce solid waste called Spirulina platensis residue (SPR). This research explores the pyrolysis product, produced within the range of 300 – 600 ºC, from the pyrolysis of SP and SPR using fixed bed reactors. The influence of temperature on pyrolysis product’s yield and characteristics are investigated by using mass balance method and gas chromatography – mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique, respectively. The results from mass balance method present an optimum pyrolysis temperature of 550 ºC to obtain the desired liquid product of bio-oil, presenting the percentage of 34.59 wt.% for SP and 33.44 wt.% for SPR case. Additionally, with the increasing temperature, the char yield decreases for about 30 wt.% and the yield of gas seems to sharp increase from 550 to 600 ºC. These tendencies are both applied for SP and SPR source pyrolysis product. Interestingly, the benefit use as fossil fuel substitute might be derived, thanks to high HHV at the bio-oil product (32.04 MJ/kg for SP and 25.70 MJ/kg for SPR) and also at the char product with of 18.85-26.12 MJ/kg for both cases. The additional benefit come from the high content of C in its char product (50.31 wt.% for SPR and 45.26 wt.% for SP) that might be able to be used as an adsorbent, soil softener or other uses in the pharmaceutical field. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Performance investigation of a gasifier and gas engine system operated on municipal solid waste briquettes
Authors: Homdoung Nigran , Dussadee Nattawud , Sasujit Kittikorn , Kiatsiriroat Tanongkiat , Tippayawong Nakorn
Published: June 2019

Municipal solid waste (MSW) and charcoal can be used as a substitute fuel in a gas engine. In this work, performance of a downdraft gasifier and gas engine system operated on MSW briquette fuel was investigated. Experimental test was carried out on a 62 kW, four-cylinder, naturally aspirated engine coupled to a 20 kW dynamometer. The downdraft gasifier was used to generate producer gas from MSW briquettes and charcoal. The engine load was varied between 1.5-9.0 kW. Biomass consumption, producer gas production, cold gas efficiency, thermal efficiency of the gas engine, carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) emissions and exhaust temperature were evaluated. The MSW briquette fuelled operation was compared against that with charcoal. It was found that, the use of MSW briquette led to lowering performance of the downdraft gasifier and gas engine system, in comparison with the use of charcoal. Maximum cold gas and thermal efficiencies obtained were 64.6% and 16% at 4.5 kW and 9 kW loading, respectively. The CO and HC emissions of the gas engine operated on MSW briquettes were higher than that on charcoal, while the exhaust temperatures were similar. ©2019. CBIORE-IJRED. All rights reserved
Literatur und auswärtige Kulturpolitik
Authors: Zajas Paweł
Published: June 2019

This paper analyses the relationship between literature and German foreign cultural policy. This involves a policontextural view applied to the so far largely unknown archival resources. This approach enables questions as to when, how and why a modern autonomous literary system was brought to the centre of attention of cultural policy to be addressed. The employed methodology serves as a basis for proposing an alternative periodisation of foreign culture policy.
Minimum Fluidization Velocity of Intermediate Sized Particles in Conventional and Packed Fluidized Bed
Authors: Kulkarni Niraj J. , Mathpati Channamallikarjun S. , Mandal Debapriya , Dalvi Vishwanath H.
Published: June 2019

Typical Geldart B class particles are often used in a gas-solid fluidized bed for various industrial applications. The quality of fluidization of Geldart B particles depends upon the geometry of the bed containing vessel, properties of fluidization medium and the gas flow rate. The presence of large bubbles/slugs that can happen in beds with intermediate class particles is undesirable. The bubbling and slugging, which decrease the quality of fluidization can be prevented with the phenomenon called packed fluidization. Experiments were carried out on the conventional fluidized bed and packed fluidized bed to investigate some of the hydrodynamic characteristics as a function of bed temperature, small particle size, fluidization medium and fraction of voids of packing filled with small particles. The superficial gas velocity required for packed fluidization reduces significantly than conventional fluidization. The minimum fluidization velocity of particles increases with an increase in density of the fluidization gas and decreases with increase in temperature of the bed. A correlation established from experimental data fairly predicts the minimum fluidization velocity for the packed fluidized bed.
Do German Works Councils Counter or Foster the Implementation of Digital Technologies?
Authors: Genz Sabrina , Bellmann Lutz , Matthes Britta
Published: June 2019

As works councils’ information, consultation and co-determination rights affect the decision process of the management, works councils play a key role in the implementation of digital technologies in establishments. However, previous research focuses on the potential of digital technologies to substitute for labor and its impact on labor market outcomes of workers. This paper adds the role of industrial relations to the existing literature by analyzing the impact of works councils on the implementation of digital technologies. Theoretically, the role of works councils in the digital transformation is ambiguous. Using establishment data from the IAB Establishment Survey of 2016 combined with individual employee data from the Federal Employment Agency and occupational level data about the physical job exposure, empirical evidence indicates an ambivalent position of works councils towards digital technologies. The sole existence of works councils is associated with statistically significant lower equipment levels with digital technologies. However, works councils seem to foster the equipment with digital technologies in those establishments, which employ a high share of workers who are conducting physical demanding job activities. Thus, this study highlights the importance of establishment-level workforce representation for the digital adoption process within Germany.
From Fighting Monopolies to Promoting Industry: Patent Laws and Innovation in Sweden 1819–1914
Authors: Andersson David E. , Tell Fredrik
Published: June 2019

In this essay, we trace the evolution of four different patent laws in Sweden; from the first Swedish law of privilegia exclusiva in 1819 to the country becoming only the third country in the world to introduce novelty searches into the law of 1884. We discuss the ensuing contemporary public debates surrounding new proposals for legislation, as well as discernible effects of new patent laws. From being mainly a question about the “tyranny of monopolies” in the early laws to being one of “life and death for Swedish industry” in the subsequent laws, we show how changes in patent legislation resulted in three different types of innovation; technological, market and organizational. The results show that although the early laws implied severe litigation problems and considerably shorter patent terms, an early market for technology emerged as legislation had clearly established that intellectual property could be sold, bought and inherited. Concurrently the law of 1856 created a market for patenting services and patent agencies by requiring the use of Swedish agents by foreign patentees. Finally, foreign patenting increased as restrictions on patentees being non-Swedish citizens were gradually phased out.
The Inequality of Pay in Pre-modern Germany, Late 15th Century to 1889
Authors: Pfister Ulrich
Published: June 2019

The study explores relative labour scarcity in a broad range of activities and relates it to the long-run dynamics of structural change, supply and demand of human capital, and the inequality between men and women. It builds on two recent compilations of wage data and complements these with additional information, particularly on wages in agriculture. From the second quarter of the seventeenth century the skill premium was stable; the first phase of industrialization did not lead to a differentiation of the individual return to human capital. Labour demand from the modern sector stabilized real wages of males from the second quarter of the eighteenth century at least and increased them from the mid-1850s onwards. This opened a wedge between the agricultural and the non-agricultural sectors already for considerable time before the beginnings of industrialization. Finally, the modern era saw two phases of labour market segmentation along gender lines, one in the later sixteenth and the early seventeenth centuries, the other from the 1840s to the 1870s.
Communication strategies employed by low-proficiency users: Possibilities for ELF-informed pedagogy
Authors: Sato Takanori , Yujobo Yuri Jody , Okada Tricia , Ogane Ethel
Published: June 2019

ELF research has demonstrated that English users employ various communication strategies (CSs) to achieve mutual understanding and deal with uncertainty in ELF conversations. Thus, implementing various CSs is said to be important for learners in ELF interactions. Although a list of CSs might indicate which strategies English learners may ultimately need, it is not necessarily helpful for low-proficiency English learners as they may not be able to use many CSs due to a lack of English language resources. This study attempts to identify CSs that 20 Japanese low-proficiency English users employ in talk-in-interaction with English language instructors. CSs investigated in this study were not restricted to those examined from second language acquisition perspectives but included pragmatic and collaborative strategies identified in various ELF studies. Investigating CSs from the perspective of ELF helps to form a more sensitive analysis of how low-proficiency English users work to achieve successful L2 communication with interlocutors. Results revealed that the students, who were not given prior instruction in strategies, collaboratively employed various CSs to cope with communication breakdown, promote message conveyance, and co-construct a meaningful interaction with their interlocutors. These findings provide insights into how low-proficiency users might manage to achieve successful communication in various ELF settings. Analysis of the data helps to inform teachers which CSs low-proficiency learners may utilize more easily and those for which they may require more intensive practice.
Promoting the Resilience of Older Adults Through Participatory Climate Change Adaptation Planning
Authors: Rhoades Jason , Gruber James , Horton Bill
Published: June 2019

Despite older adults’ vulnerability to climate change, little research has investigated their preferred adaptation strategies. The purpose of this paper is to provide insight into their perspective and the potential for participatory adaptation to enhance their resilience. This paper presents the results of a collaborative adaptation planning process conducted with older adults in Bridgeport, Connecticut. During two meetings, older adult participants developed recommendations following adaptation best practices. Recommendations focused on encouraging preparedness through workshops and informational materials tailored for older adults. Additional recommendations focused on enhancing community services to provide effective warning mechanisms, shelter access, ride sharing and transportation assistance, and establishing a telephone based clearinghouse for extreme weather and emergency resources for older adults. A prioritization exercise showed that the participants and city staff believed all recommendations were potentially effective and feasible. A summative evaluation showed that the participatory planning enhanced resilience by raising awareness among the older adult participants and city agencies, enhancing communication, and increasing the older adult participants’ ability to self-advocate.
The spectrum of pediatric adrenal insufficiency: insights from 34 years of experience
Authors: Ventura Mara , Serra-Caetano Joana , Cardoso Rita , Dinis Isabel , Melo Miguel , Carrilho Francisco , Mirante Alice
Published: June 2019

Background

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a life-threatening disease characterized by deficient production of glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids. It is caused by primary or secondary/tertiary adrenal failure. Prompt diagnosis and management are essential and may even be life-saving.

Methods

We retrospectively collected clinical, laboratory and radiological data from AI patients observed over 34 years (1984–2017) in a pediatric endocrinology department of a tertiary care hospital.

Results

Seventy AI patients were identified: 59% with primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) and 41% with central adrenal insufficiency (CAI). PAI patients were diagnosed at 1.5 ± 4.4 years and followed for 11.6 ± 6.2 years; 85% had classical congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) and 7% had autoimmune PAI. At presentation, 73% had hyponatremia and more than half had mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation, asthenia, anorexia, weight loss, nausea and vomiting. All the patients were treated with hydrocortisone and 90% were also on fludrocortisone. Regarding CAI patients, they were diagnosed at 5.4 ± 5.0 years and they were followed for 9.6 ± 6.4 years; craniopharyngioma was present in 31% of the cases and 14% had pituitary hypoplasia. Besides corticotropin, thyrotropin (93%), growth hormone (63%) and antidiuretic hormone (52%) were the most common hormone insufficiencies. The most frequent manifestations were hypoglycemia (34.5%), nausea/vomiting (27.6%) and infectious diseases (27.6%); all the patients were treated with hydrocortisone.

Conclusions

Despite medical advances, the diagnosis and management of AI remains a challenge, particularly in the pediatric population. Raising awareness and knowledge in medical teams and population about the disease is of crucial importance to improve clinical outcomes and to reduce disease morbidity/mortality.
Ein weiteres Reinschriftfragment von Kants Entwurf Zum ewigen Frieden
Authors: Schröder Volker
Published: June 2019

This article provides a transcription and analysis of a newly located fragment of Kant’s autograph fair copy of his essay on Perpetual Peace. The 4-page manuscript is part of the John Wild Autograph Collection at Princeton University (USA) and constitutes the immediate sequel to a similar fragment preserved in the Staatsarchiv Hamburg and published in Kant-Studien 77 (1986). The Princeton fragment was not included in volume 23 of the Akademie-Ausgabe and was unavailable to recent editors; it presents a number of textual variants and allows new insights into Kant’s writing process.
Sollten wir das medische Reich aus der Geschichte verabschieden?
Authors: Parker Victor
Published: June 2019

Obwohl in letzter Zeit manche Gelehrte die Existenz des Mederreiches, das nach Herodot dem Perserreich voraufgegangen sein soll, zu leugnen versuchen, weisen die Medismen im Altpersischen darauf hin, daß die Meder eine Reichsideologie sowie Reichsinstitutionen entwickelt hatten, welche die Perser von ihnen übernahmen. Dies legt nahe, daß es ein Mederreich tatsächlich gegeben hat. Des weiteren bezeugen die vorderasiatischen Quellen ganz unabhängig von Herodot einen mächtigen medischen ‚Staat‘; Jer. 51,28 weist diesem ‚Staat‘ sogar Reichsbeamte zu. Des weiteren zeigt eine eingehende Besprechung des medischen Logos bei Herodot, daß diese Partie so stark iranisch geprägt ist, daß man sie keinesfalls als Erfindung Herodots abtun kann: statt dessen ist vielmehr von iranischem Quellenmaterial zu reden, welches die Existenz eines Mederreiches von sich aus bezeugt.
Il patronato letterario nell’Italia Ostrogota
Authors: Cristini Marco
Published: June 2019

Riassunto

Il patronato letterario era un sistema di relazioni sociali diffuso nell’Italia Ostrogota, come attestano le opere di Ennodio, Boezio, Cassiodoro e Arator. Ennodio cercò a lungo undives patronusche fosse in grado di dare fama alle sue opere, mentre Boezio, grazie al sostegno di Simmaco, ottenne in breve tempo grande notorietà, tanto che Teoderico cercò di farlo entrare a corte. Cassiodoro è l’esempio più noto del patronato teodericiano, mentre Arator rivela che anche i membri del clero furono importanti mecenati. Questi autori permettono di comprendere i motivi che spinsero i letterati a cercare un patrono e le principali caratteristiche del patronato senatorio, regio ed ecclesiastico, oltre a testimoniare l’importanza deglistudia litterarumnell’Italia tardoantica e le strategie di legittimazione adottate dai sovrani ostrogoti.
Corporate Social and Digital Responsibility
Authors: Orbik Zbigniew , Zozuľaková Viera
Published: June 2019

The aim of the article is to outline the relationship of the concept of CSR with the issue of digital transformation. Significant advancements in technology and wide access to the Internet has resulted in what is named the Digital age. In the Digital age, CSR and digital transformation are becoming one of the main factors of the company’s competitiveness. Digital transformation is currently the most important element of the Fourth Industrial Revolution that changes the way of doing business. It requires the necessity of deep changes in the sphere of awareness of people working in the businesses. Digital transformation seems to be an effective solution to the main problems that appear in the competitive business environment. Corporate Digital Responsibility (CDR) is standing out as the new direction changing the relationship between labour and technology as well as shaping the ethical use of new technologies.
Plasmon-induced transparency effect for ultracompact on-chip devices
Authors: Niu Xinxiang , Hu Xiaoyong , Yan Qiuchen , Zhu Jiankun , Cheng Haotian , Huang Yifan , Lu Cuicui , Fu Yulan , Gong Qihuang
Published: June 2019

On-chip plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) possessing the unique properties of controlling light propagation states is a promising way to on-chip ultrafast optical connection networks as well as integrated optical processing chips. On-chip PIT has attracted enormous research interests, the latest developments of which have also yield progress in nanophotonics, material science, nonlinear optics, and so on. This review summarizes the realization methods, novel configurations, diversiform materials, and the improved performance indexes. Finally, a brief outlook on the remaining challenges and possible development direction in the pursuit of the application of a practical on-chip photonic processor based on PIT is also afforded.
Dynamic mechanical behavior of nano-ZnO reinforced dental composite
Authors: Mahna Shubham , Singh Hemraj , Tomar Sumit , Bhagat Deep , Patnaik Amar , Kumar Shiv Ranjan
Published: June 2019

In the present work, Bisphenol-A Glycidyl Methacrylate / Triethylene Glycol Dimethylacrylate based dental composites filled with 0-30 wt.% silane treated nano-ZnO were fabricated and tested for their dynamic mechanical properties. Samples were kept in each of three different mediums such as cold drink, distilled water and saliva for 7 days. The dynamic mechanical properties such as storage modulus, loss modulus and Tan delta were evaluated and compared for each composite under different conditions. The finding of results indicated that on adding 30 wt.% nano-ZnO, the storage modulus was increased by 109% in case of post cured, 120% in case of cold drink, 125% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 70% in case of distilled water. The loss modulus was increased by 175% in case of post cured, 30% in case of cold drink, 50% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 50% in case of distilled water. Further, minimum value of storage modulus was reported in case of distilled water medium followed by cold drink and then artificial saliva. Also, cold drink seems to be better medium than distilled water in terms of dynamic mechanical properties of dental composite.

Graphical abstract Variation of storage modulus of sample kept in artificial saliva for 7 days

Addition of 30 wt.% nano-ZnO increased the storage modulus by 109% in case of post cured, 120% in case of cold drink, 125% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 70% in case of distilled water.

Addition of 30 wt.% nano-ZnO increased the loss modulus by 175% in case of post cured, 30% in case of cold drink, 50% in case of artificial saliva but decreased by 50% in case of distilled water.

Immersion of sample in each medium led to decrease in storage modulus but increase in Tan delta.

Further, minimum value of storage modulus was reported in case of distilled water medium followed by cold drink and then artificial saliva.

Cold drink seems to be better medium than distilled water in terms of dynamic mechanical properties of dental composite.
Microphytobenthos as an indicator of water quality and organic pollution in the western coastal zone of the Sea of Azov
Authors: Barinova Sophia , Bondarenko Anna , Ryabushko Larisa , Kapranov Sergey
Published: June 2019

Bioindication of organic pollution and seawater quality was carried out for the first time in the western part of the Sea of Azov on the basis of species composition and quantitative characteristics of microphytobenthos. A total of 229 algal samples were collected at 17 sites over the period of 2005-2014 on three different substrates in three areas under study: Sivash Gulf, the Kerch Strait and Cape Kazantip. In total, 200 taxa of algae were found, which belong to six taxonomic divisions with a predominance of diatoms. Among those, 108 taxa are indicators of substrate, water temperature, salinity, water pH, trophic state, the type of nutrition and organic pollution of water. It has been shown that the most active self-purification of water takes place in communities on stony substrates. The largest number of algae species (50%) occurs in the cleanest waters of the Kazantip Nature Reserve (Water Quality Classes I–II). The species composition of organic pollution indicators in Sivash Gulf corresponds to waters of Classes III–IV, which are more polluted than those of the Kerch Strait and Cape Kazantip. All the studied areas of the Sea of Azov are cleaner compared to some waters of the Eastern Mediterranean and the Sea of Japan.
On the influence of water on fragmentation of the amino acid L-threonine
Authors: Baliulyte Laura , Tamuliene Jelena
Published: June 2019

The present study describes the fragmentation of the amino acid L-threonine (C4H9NO3) with and without the inclusion of water influence. The fragmentation of the L-threonine molecule was theoretically studied using the Becke’s three-parameter hybrid functional method by applying the non-local correlation provided by Lee, Yang and Parr (B3LYP) with the correlation consistent triple zeta basis (cc-pVTZ). The polarizable continuum model (PCM) was used to evaluate the influence of water. Fragments were selected based on data from mass spectrometry experiments. The chemical compositions of fragments were identified, and the appearance energy was calculated. Based on the obtained results, we can conclude that water affects the appearance energy, the fragment structure and the fragment formation processes.
Brain structure and cognitive ability in healthy aging: a review on longitudinal correlated change
Authors: Oschwald Jessica , Guye Sabrina , Liem Franziskus , Rast Philippe , Willis Sherry , Röcke Christina , Jäncke Lutz , Martin Mike , Mérillat Susan
Published: June 2019

Little is still known about the neuroanatomical substrates related to changes in specific cognitive abilities in the course of healthy aging, and the existing evidence is predominantly based on cross-sectional studies. However, to understand the intricate dynamics between developmental changes in brain structure and changes in cognitive ability, longitudinal studies are needed. In the present article, we review the current longitudinal evidence on correlated changes between magnetic resonance imaging-derived measures of brain structure (e.g. gray matter/white matter volume, cortical thickness), and laboratory-based measures of fluid cognitive ability (e.g. intelligence, memory, processing speed) in healthy older adults. To theoretically embed the discussion, we refer to the revised Scaffolding Theory of Aging and Cognition. We found 31 eligible articles, with sample sizes ranging from n = 25 to n = 731 (median n = 104), and participant age ranging from 19 to 103. Several of these studies report positive correlated changes for specific regions and specific cognitive abilities (e.g. between structures of the medial temporal lobe and episodic memory). However, the number of studies presenting converging evidence is small, and the large methodological variability between studies precludes general conclusions. Methodological and theoretical limitations are discussed. Clearly, more empirical evidence is needed to advance the field. Therefore, we provide guidance for future researchers by presenting ideas to stimulate theory and methods for development.
Explicit determinants, inverses and eigenvalues of four band Toeplitz matrices with perturbed rows
Authors: Zhang Maoyun , Jiang Xiaoyu , Jiang Zhaolin
Published: June 2019

In this paper, four-band Toeplitz matrices and four-band Hankel matrices of type I and type II with perturbed rows are introduced. Explicit determinants, inverses and eigenvalues for these matrices are derived by using a nice inverse formula of block bidiagonal Toeplitz matrices.
Acetone-water mixture is a competent solvent to extract phenolics and antioxidants from four organs of Eucalyptus camaldulensis
Authors: Nasr Alyaa , Zhou Xinxin , Liu Tingting , Yang Jing , Zhu Guo-Ping
Published: June 2019

Objective

Eucalyptus camaldulensis is recognized to be one of the major introduced eucalypts, the plant extracts possess a wide range of phytochemicals, which are accountable for its antioxidant and pharmacological activities. The extraction efficiency of such chemical compounds is influenced by the applied extraction conditions. To test the effect of solvent type on the yield of phenolics and antioxidants from E. camaldulensis, seeking for an optimization of the extraction process.

Method

Dry powders of four plant organs were extracted by some organic solvents besides water. The total phenolic content was detected in the crude extracts of leaf, bud, empty capsule and seed, and was further characterized by GC-MS.

Results

Acetone-water mixtures yielded high amounts of phenolic compounds with parallel antioxidant activities, correlation coefficients were significant (0.696–0.998). Bud and capsule are first accredited for their antioxidant potentials. The GC-MS analysis revealed the abundance of most detected phenolic constituents in the plant seed.

Discussion

Acetone-water is a successful and appropriate mixture for the extraction of phenolic compounds from E. camaldulensis. It could give better yields and enhance the biological activities of its corresponding extracts.

Conclusion

The accurate choice of an extraction solvent has a great influence on the yields of phenolics.
Difficult Women: Changing Representations of Female Characters in Contemporary Television Series
Authors: Hohenstein Svenja , Thalmann Katharina
Published: June 2019

Starting out with a brief overview of recent TV series that feature complex and complicated female characters – or, as we call them, ‘difficult women’ – this introduction investigates the changing manner in which women have been represented on TV in previous decades. Demonstrating that especially TV shows of the 2010s undermine and work against traditional and stereotypical portrayals of women on TV and instead establish feminist discourses, we argue that this time period can be defined as a pivotal moment with regard to changing representations of women on TV. Using Netflix’sOrange Is the New Blackas an example, we also show that TV series that feature difficult women make use of the very techniques and conventions of what Jason Mittell has described as ‘Complex TV’ in order to consciously engage with questions of female representation on TV and to create a feminist discourse that works against sexist tropes and stereotypes.
Intransitive verbs in Enets: A contribution to the typology of split intransitivity
Authors: Khanina Olesya , Shluinsky Andrey
Published: June 2019

This paper contributes to the typology of “active-stative” split intransitivity and middle voice with a detailed case study: it proceeds from a typological comparison of the two phenomena, which are usually treated apart, to an analysis of the Enets data and a discussion of its place in the typology of possible intransitive splits. Enets (Uralic, Samoyedic) has two classes of intransitive verbs, and each class uses its own cross-reference paradigm in all finite forms. The paper provides an account of the morphology of this intransitive split and its connection to the lexical aspect, followed by an overview of semantic composition of the two lexical classes; special attention is given to cases of class variation available for a dozen verbs. The research is based on the data of a fieldworkers’ corpus and thus also shows the advantages of a corpus-based approach to this phenomenon.
Grammatical taboos
Authors: Vogel Ralf
Published: June 2019

This explorative study focuses on grammatical taboos in German, morphosyntactic constructions which are subject to stigmatisation, as they regularly occur in standard languages. They are subjected to systematic experimental testing in a questionnaire study with gradient rating scales on two salient and two non-salient grammatical taboo phenomena of German. The study is divided into three subexperiments with different judgement types, an aesthetic judgement, a norm-oriented judgement and the sort of possibility judgement that comes closest to linguists’ understanding of grammar. Included in the investigated material are also examples of ordinary gradient grammaticality: unmarked, marked and ungrammatical sentences. The empirical characteristics of grammatical taboos are compared to those ordinary cases with the finding that they are rated at the level of markedness, but differ from ordinary markedness in that they produce a different pattern of between-subject variance. In addition, we find that grammatical taboos have a particular disadvantage under the aesthetic judgement type. The paper also introduces the concept of empirical grammaticality as a necessary theoretical cornerstone for empirical linguistics. Methodically, the study applies a mix of parametric and non-parametric methods of statistical analysis.
Implicational Complement Coordination and beyond: Towards a coherent theory of asymmetric coordination in German
Authors: Weisser Philipp
Published: June 2019

A certain class of predicates in German optionally allows for their complement clause to appear as coordinated with the matrix clause rather than embedded into it. This construction, which I will call Implicational Complement Coordination, exhibits all the hallmark properties of Asymmetric Coordination: Despite technically being in a conjunct position, the clause in question behaves like a subordinate clause with respect to asymmetric binding, asymmetric scope of negation and adverbs as well as asymmetric extraction. Based on the detailed description of the phenomenon by Reis (1993), it can be shown that this coordinate construction mimics its infinitival counterpart with respect to these syntactic tests. In this paper, I argue that this can be accounted for by saying that the coordinate construction is derived on the basis of its subordinate counterpart by means of movement. The subordinate properties of the second conjunct then derive from its derivational history as a subordinate clause. Further, I will show that even though other cases of Asymmetric Coordination (in German) lack a minimally different infinitival counterpart, they can and should still be derived from an underlyingly subordinate syntax.