bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dexamethasone is a gold weapon for immunomodulation in severe COVID-19 but has no effect on endocrine interleukin 6 and sex-linked response the problem – In silico study
Authors: Ahmed Amr Kamel Khalil , El Kazzaz Mahmoud
Published: December 2021

Until now after nearly two years from lethally pandemic of covid-19 which is considered a joker virus as bypass many immune defenses in our bodies like innate and adaptive immunity with all types of cells but there are important markers at the long road for treatment like Interleukin (Il-6), neutrophils, high ferritin, high D dimer. Also, post-covid or long covid effects like neuropsychiatric problems like smell dysfunctions and hormonal dysfunctions. Therefore, this article will give a spotlight on the adrenal gland as a place where the immune and endocrine systems meet. Additionally, dexamethasone has no effect on Il-6 secreted from adrenal cortex and this allows Il-6 to be produced during stress. We need a new classification IL-6 at physiological and pathological aspects as the stimulatory factors are different. Endocrine Il-6 is stimulated by ACTH but the immune Il-6 is stimulated by il-1β and angiotensin II. Of note, dexamethasone saves critically covid-19 patients but in the same time has no affection on Il-6 of endocrine origin either basal or stimulated. Therefore, adrenal gland serves as a vital link between the endocrine and immunological systems at the pathogenesis of covid-19. Besides, Il-6 is the key sex-linked variation at their immune responses.
HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS FOR STROKE IN THE BRAZILIAN NATIONAL HEALTH SYSTEM: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL FINDINGS FROM 2019-2020
Authors: Guelli Mariana , Loyola Correa Tulio
Published: December 2021

Background and Aims

Stroke is one of the leading causes of death and disability in adults, accounting for a high number of hospitalizations worldwide.This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology of hospitalizations for stroke in Brazil during 2019 and 2020.

Methods

Cross-sectional, descriptive and retrospective study, which evaluated the epidemiology of hospital admissions for stroke in the Brazilian National Health System in the years 2019 and 2020.Hospital admissions were evaluated by sex, race and age group using the national database (DATASUS – Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System). The official classification of race/skin color in Brazil is composed of five categories: White, Brown [Pardo], Black,Yellow and Indigenous.

Results

During this time period, there was a total of 316,859 hospitalizations for stroke in the Brazilian National Health System, with 163,120 (51.5%) hospital admissions in 2019 and 153,739 (48.5%) in 2020. Also, 166,178 (52.4%) patients were male and 150,681 (47.6%) were female. Regarding race (n=250,446); 106,998 (42.7%) patients considered themselves white, 116,601 (46.6%) brown, 17,085 (6.8%) black and 9,762 (3.9%) others. Regarding age groups; 64,939 (20.5%) were >80 years old, 163,114 (51.5%) were 60-79, 74,605 (23.5%) were 40-59 and 14,201 (4.5%) were <40.

Conclusions

The majority of patients hospitalized for stroke were 60-79 years old and white or brown. The similar number of hospital admissions in 2019 and 2020 may suggest that hospitalizations for stroke were not significantly impacted by hospital’s oversaturation by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Modifying Crohn's Colitis Recurrence Through Surgery? The Jury Is Still Out
Authors: Sang Adam , Shmidt Eugenia , Melton Genevieve B.
Published: December 2021

Data suggesting that the mesentery plays an important pathophysiologic role in Crohn's disease and recurrence make the mesentery an attractive therapeutic target during surgical management of Crohn's disease. A new study by Zhu et al. demonstrates that patients with Crohn's colitis who undergo a more extensive mesenteric resection may have a lower rate of needing subsequent operations. We discuss some of the reasons why these data, although much needed by the inflammatory bowel disease community, do not yet sway standard surgical practice for Crohn's colitis.
From Marx to Heidegger: Oscar del Barco and the crisis of Marxism
Authors: Bosteels Bruno
Published: December 2021

This article traces the path from Marx to Heidegger along which the Argentine philosopher Oscar del Barco responded to the crisis of Marxism. Interrogating Heidegger’s own suggestion of a ‘fruitful dialogue’ with Marx’s thinking of history and alienation, Del Barco gradually moved to a critique of Marxism as being part and parcel of the twice millenarian tradition of Western metaphysics. If, in an earlier collection such as El otro Marx, he still believed in the possibility of retrieving the ‘other side’ of capitalist reason in the margins of Marx’s texts, starting in the collection El abandono de las palabras this hope gives way to a mystical or messianic expectation to welcome the sheer ‘there is’ of being through an attitude of non-doing that would be neither nihilist nor conformist. In this sense Del Barco’s itinerary can be considered paradigmatic of the way in which a whole school of radical theory and philosophy responded to the crisis of Marxism as part of a much vaster, epochal or civilisational crisis of reason and technology in the West.
Análisis comparativo de índices espectrales para ubicar y dimensionar niveles de severidad de incendios forestales
Authors: Flores Rodríguez Ana Graciela , Flores-Garnica José German , Gonz´alez-Eguiarte Diego Raymundo , Gallegos-Rodríguez Agustín , Zarazúa-Villaseñor Patricia , Mena-Munguía Salvador
Published: December 2021

Los efectos de los incendios forestales en los ecosistemas son variables dependiendo de la severidad del fuego, sin embargo su evaluación en campo significa un importante gasto de recursos, ya sea por la amplitud, o inaccesibilidad. Debido a esto se han implementado estrategias alternas, como el uso de índices espectrales derivados de sensores remotos. Sin embargo, existe un amplio número y diversidad de estos, por lo que en este trabajo se hizo un análisis comparativo en relación a la detección y clasificación de la severidad de un incendio forestal, ocurrido en 2018 en un bosque de pino-encino. Los índices se derivaron de imágenes Landsat 8 (OLI) y se agruparon como: a) Monotemporales (Consideran una sola fecha imagen): NIR, NDVI, NDWI, NBR, EVI, NBRT, BAI, OSAVI, GCI, SIPI, GNDVI, GEMI; y b) Bitemporales (Para su estimación se usan dos fechas de imágenes): RdNBR, dNBR, RBR, RI, NRI, dNDVI. Para la selección se determinó, a través de una matriz de confusión, la precisión global y el coeficiente kappa. Debido a que se observó una diferencia dependiendo del tiempo transcurrido después de la ocurrencia del incendio, se definió el índice PK (coeficiente kappa/precisión global). De esta forma, el mejor índice para la detección y clasificación de la severidad del incendio fue el NBR. También se observó que la precisión está relacionada a la temporalidad, de esta forma los mejores índices definidos después del incendio fueron: NBR, GNDVI, RdNBR, Dnbr, RBR, RI y BAI; mientras que los definidos después de lluvias fueron: NBR, NBRT, NDVI y NDWI.
Muzyczny eklektyzm w trzech etiudach Romana Polańskiego. Rozbijemy zabawę, Lampa i Gdy spadają anioły
Authors: Pomostowski Piotr
Published: December 2021

Author of the article, juxtaposing together three studies school of Roman Polanski, discusses the functions of music used in each of them. Due to the fact that the entire work the author of the Pianist’s is characterized by musical eclecticism – which is the main thesis of the article – it is proposed to look at the film music of early Polanski films, and to try to find a specific lineage of this eclecticism. Break Up the Dance, Lamp and When Angels Fall titles, which in the light filmic and musicological investigations differ from each other. Do not change the fact that each of these works “signs” that the director – the creator of not only the visual layer, but also (not forgetting the work of the composer) sound. In his early work Roman Polanski begins to create a kind of “range of methods” in relation to functions of music in the work of the film. The article is an attempt to systematize them and to find the film and the music key.
Dokumentarzyści i krytyk. Zygmunt Kałużyński a dokumentaliści „nowej zmiany”
Authors: Jazdon Mikołaj
Published: December 2021

The article offers the analysis of how Zygmunt Kałużyński, the film critic of Polityka weekly magazine, described and stigmatized documentary films by Krzysztof Kieślowski, Tomasz Zygadło, Grzegorz Królikiewicz and Krzysztof Gradowski presented at the Cracow short film festival in 1971. Kałużyński criticized and mocked the aesthetics of the Polish “new wave” documentary cinema in a series of articles published in Spring and Summer of 1971. He presented films by brave and talented directors, contradicting the current social and political situation, as the unreflective imitation of the banal television documentary style based on in-front-of-the-camera interviews. The author compares Kałużyński’s proceedings to actions of a British journalist Robert Pitmann described by Tadeusz Różewicz in his essay A Journalist and the Poet. Pitmann conducted a sneering interview with T.S. Eliot for Sunday Express in 1958 and Różewicz comments on the possible effects of his text for its readers.
Etiudy animowane Grzegorza Wacławka
Authors: Domalewski Adam
Published: December 2021

The author considers in the paper three animated etudes made by Grzegorz Wacławek in Film School in Łódź. Films entitled Gleam, Scrap and Lost share many common features: creation of the hero’s outer world, extensive use of symbolism and condensation of events centered around one or two heroes. Particularly interesting mean used by Wacławek in endings of the films is the transformation of the presented world that can be named a scale change. Also on this basis director’s animations are metaphorically interpreted, showing their existential meaning, close to the tradition of Polish Animation School.
Narrative Therapy and Mindfulness: Intention, Attention, Ethics. Part 1
Authors: Percy Ian , Paré David
Published: December 2021

This is the first of a matched pair of articles that present concepts and practices for expanding the territory of narrative therapy to include working with attention and present moment awareness. While the narrative literature richly describes how persons are recruited by normative discourses into problem stories and offers a wide range of practices for developing counter narratives, less has been written about how dominant discourse also captures moment-by-moment attention. The authors share ideas about working with attention in much the same way as working with story. In this first article, the authors identify parallels and differences between narrative therapy and the attentional practices associated with mindfulness before providing a preliminary account of work that draws from both traditions. The practices are depicted in terms of the ethics of daily life, in the sense that enhanced moment-by-moment attention promotes intentional ethical choice.
Phenomenological-Narrative Inquiry: The Worldview of a Welsh Father Who Lost His Child Through Court-Ordered Adoption
Authors: Ryan Grant Thomas
Published: December 2021

This case study presents the worldview of Kayden, a 23-year-old Welsh Caucasian father whose child was permanently removed from his care through court-ordered adoption. The process adopted a phenomenological-narrative inquiry to therapeutically describe Kayden's worldview. The therapeutic narrative practices of personal dialectics, re-authoring and statement of position maps were used within this inquiry to provide incremental scaffolding towards double-storied development. Kayden's outcome measures are included to reflect some of the beneficial aspects of this process. Limitations of the article and future considerations are also discussed.
Ecostructural Family Therapy and Maternal Substance Use
Authors: Chou Jessica L. , Diamond Rachel M. , Muruthi Bertranna M. , Cooper-Sadlo Shannon , Ibrahim Maliha , Hillier Sarah , Aponte Harry J. , Herbert Dara , Montesinos Susana , Zaarur Asif
Published: December 2021

This pilot study utilized phenomenological methodology to explore relational systems for ten mothers enrolled in family-centered substance use treatment. Participants described their experiences during motherhood and addiction. Analysis revealed themes that captured the interpersonal relationships of maternal substance use: (1) parent-child relationships in the context of maternal substance use disorders (SUDs), (2) interaction between romantic relationships and maternal substance use, and (3) intergenerational relationships among mothers and grandmothers. Mothers discussed these complicated and simultaneous roles and relationships that impacted their substance use and recovery within the context of family. Using ecostructural family therapy, we offer clinical recommendations with the aim of creating organizational change for families in recovery.
Task-Related Modulation of Sensorimotor GABA+ Levels in Association with Brain Activity and Motor Performance: A Multimodal MRS–fMRI Study in Young and Older Adults
Authors: Maes Celine , Cuypers Koen , Peeters Ronald , Sunaert Stefan , Edden Richard A. E. , Gooijers Jolien , Swinnen Stephan P.
Published: December 2021

Recent studies suggest an important role of the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA for motor performance in the context of aging. Nonetheless, as previous magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies primarily reported resting-state GABA levels, much less is known about transient changes in GABA levels during motor task performance and how these relate to behavior and brain activity patterns. Therefore, we investigated GABA+ levels of left primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) acquired before, during, and after execution of a unimanual/bimanual action selection task in 30 (human) young adults (YA; age 24.5 ± 4.1, 15 male) and 30 older adults (OA; age 67.8 ± 4.9, 14 male). In addition to task-related MRS data, task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were acquired. Behavioral results indicated lower motor performance in OA as opposed to YA, particularly in complex task conditions. MRS results demonstrated lower GABA+ levels in OA as compared with YA. Furthermore, a transient task-related decrease of GABA+ levels was observed, regardless of age. Notably, this task-induced modulation of GABA+ levels was linked to task-related brain activity patterns in SM1 such that a more profound task-induced instantaneous lowering of GABA+ was related to higher SM1 activity. Additionally, higher brain activity was related to better performance in the bimanual conditions, despite some age-related differences. Finally, the modulatory capacity of GABA+ was positively related to motor performance in OA but not YA. Together, these results underscore the importance of transient dynamical changes in neurochemical content for brain function and behavior, particularly in the context of aging.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTEmerging evidence designates an important role to regional GABA levels in motor control, especially in the context of aging. However, it remains unclear whether changes in GABA levels emerge when executing a motor task and how these changes relate to brain activity patterns and performance. Here, we identified a transient decrease of sensorimotor GABA+ levels during performance of an action selection task across young adults (YA) and older adults (OA). Interestingly, whereas a more profound GABA+ modulation related to higher brain activity across age groups, its association with motor performance differed across age groups. Within OA, our results highlighted a functional merit of a task-related release from inhibitory tone, i.e. lowering regional GABA+ levels was associated with task-relevant brain activity.
Serum diiodotyrosine – a biomarker to differentiate destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease
Authors: Fujita Naoya , Ono Yosuke , Sano Azusa , Kimata Motohiro , Oyama Seigo , Hashimoto Kenichi , Sato Ikuya , Kudo Masahiko , Miyashiro Yoshimichi , Fujikata Akira , Tanaka Yuji
Published: December 2021

Objective

Conventional diagnostic methods are limited in their ability to differentiate destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease. We hypothesised that serum diiodotyrosine (DIT) and monoiodotyrosine (MIT) levels could be biomarkers for differentiating destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease.

Design

Patients with destructive thyroiditis (n  = 13) and Graves’ disease (n  = 22) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study.

Methods

We assayed the serum DIT and MIT levels using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the serum DIT and MIT levels as biomarkers for differentiating destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease.

Results

The serum DIT and MIT levels were significantly higher in patients with destructive thyroiditis than in those with Graves’ disease. The ROC curve analysis showed that the serum DIT levels (≥359.9 pg/mL) differentiated destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease, significantly, with 100.0% sensitivity and 95.5% specificity (P < 0.001). The diagnostic accuracy of the serum MIT levels (≥119.4 pg/mL) was not as high as that of the serum DIT levels (sensitivity, 84.6%; specificity, 77.3%; P = 0.001).

Conclusions

The serum DIT levels may serve as a novel diagnostic biomarker for differentiating destructive thyroiditis from Graves’ disease.
Is Surgical Thrombo-Embolectomy in Acute Limb Ischemia Still Advantageous in Patients More Than 65 Years of Age?
Authors: Duzgun Ali Cemal , Ilkeli Ekin
Published: December 2021

Objective: In this study, we investigated the benefits of using Fogarty balloon catheterization in the treatment of acute leg ischemia with respect to amputation, fasciotomy, and mortality in older patients.
Methods: A total of 102 patients age >65 who had a Fogarty thrombo-embolectomy for acute thromboembolic limb ischemia were investigated retrospectively. Patients were evaluated based on Rutherford IIa and IIb criteria and duration of ischemia. Duration of ischemia was divided into 3 categories (as 0 to 4, 4 to 8, and >8 hours) to evaluate the effect of ischemia period on vital parameters and mortality. Analysis with Cox regression showed that 30-day mortality was associated with older age and number of comorbidities such as amputation and fasciotomy.
Results: In 102 patients >65 years of age who underwent embolectomy, rates were 7.2% fasciotomy (n = 7) and 13.7% amputation (n = 14), and 10 patients died (9.8%). According to multiple regression analysis, the surgical risk increases 1074 times when each year is added to the chronological age of over  65 years.
Conclusion: In a majority of cases, limb salvage can be obtained via simple embolectomy rather than risking intravenous iodinated contrast. Although alternatives in older patients are limited, the Fogarty catheter should be regarded as a first-line treatment because of its ease of use and low complication rate.
LEGAL FORMS OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION OF STORAGE AND OF EFFECTIVE USE OF STATE PROPERTY BY PARTICIPANTS OF ECONOMIC RELATIONS
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Shcherbyna V.S.
Published: December 2021

The main legal forms of control and supervision over the preservation and effective use of state property by participants in economic relations, which are considered as one of the elements of the legal regime of state property, are studied. According to the results of the study, the following main legal forms of control and supervision over the preservation and effective use of state property by participants in economic relations are identified: a) control by authorized bodies over compliance with the contract concluded with the head of the state enterprise; head of the preservation and effective use of state property; b) control by the State Property Fund of Ukraine over the use of leased integral property complexes of state enterprises and leased state property; c) accounting and financial reporting of business entities, as well as control and supervision over their condition and reliability; d) audit of financial statements; e) state financial audit; f) internal control and internal audit in the budget process. It is noted that the current legislation does not make a clear distinction between the functions of control and supervision, especially in cases where it concerns the powers of authorized public authorities, which in accordance with Part 2 of Art. 19 of the Constitution of Ukraine are obliged to act only on the basis, within the powers and in the manner prescribed by the Constitution and laws of Ukraine.
LEGAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
Authors:   State Organization “V. Mamutov Institute of Economic and Legal Research of NAS of Ukraine”, Kyiv, Ukraine, Volkova A.O.
Published: December 2021

The article notes that economic priorities remain subordinated to economic activity, and the economic development of the state is supported by unbalanced activities of natural resources. It should be emphasized that after the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the European Union, our state undertook to be involved in the harmonization of environmental legislation with European ones. One such step was the adoption of the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment”, according to which most enterprises must go through an environmental impact assessment procedure when planning their activities that will have an impact on the environment. Emphasis is placed on the fact that environmental impact assessment is an administrative procedure that has clearly defined stages, rights and responsibilities of its subjects and is carried out by the competent authorities. Legal and organizational aspects of environmental impact assessment are identified. The stages of the environmental impact assessment procedure are analyzed. It is substantiated that the decision on the obligation to carry out an environmental impact assessment for the planned activity is made by the subjects of this activity. However, it is emphasized that the current legislation does not define the entity that has the right and obligation to monitor the compliance of decisions with these criteria if the entity believes that its activities do not fall under the criteria of mandatory impact assessment on the environment. It is determined that the environmental impact assessment procedure is aimed at the development of environmentally friendly economic activities, achieving a balance of interests of economic entities, residents of the territory in which these activities are carried out and the state. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the legal and organizational framework for environmental impact assessment is currently clearly spelled out in the legislation, but their practical implementation is not in full, which suggests that the main purpose of the Law of Ukraine “On Environmental Impact Assessment” is not is achieved. It is concluded that the environmental impact assessment procedure is multi-stage.
BUSINESS CLIMATE OF THE REGION AS A FACTOR OF ENSURING SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC GROWTH
Authors:   State Institution “Institute of Regional Research named after M.I. Dolishniy of NAS of Ukraine”, Lviv, Ukraine, Storonyanska I.Z. , Benovska L.Ya. ,   State Institution “Institute of Regional Research named after M.I. Dolishniy of NAS of Ukraine”, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: December 2021

Despite a number of reforms, Ukraine has not created the necessary environment to stimulate entrepreneurial activity, active investment inflows and economic growth in the regions. The article analyzes the assessment of the business environment of Ukraine according to different world ratings and comparative assessment of the business environment of Ukraine and other countries. Risks for the development of the business environment in Ukraine have been identified. An assessment of the interdependence between the quality of the business environment in the regions of Ukraine and the growth rate of GRP. The analysis of regional features of the quality of the business environment in Ukraine shows positive changes in all regions in terms of ease of business registration, land registration, connection to the grid and difficulties with paying local taxes and the development of electronic services. However, the achieved results have not yet been converted into a stable dynamics of economic growth and increasing the level of Ukraine's competitiveness in the world economy. Among the main problems of business environment development are low level of protection of intellectual property and property of business entities, inefficiency of the judicial system in Ukraine, low level of financial and investment freedom of business, unavailability of credit resources for starting and conducting business. Interregional comparisons of the business environment and economic growth of Ukraine's regions prove that the leading regions in terms of economic growth are characterized by a relatively higher quality of business climate, moreover, in recent years they have increased their position in the regional ranking of ease of doing business. At the same time, the largest group of regions in Ukraine, which still manages to maintain a positive pace of economic development, are outsiders in terms of both the quality of the business climate and the loss of ranking positions. The most difficult situation with the business environment has developed in such industrial regions as Zaporizhia, Poltava, Kharkiv regions. That is, the regions, which have always focused on large enterprises in the industrial sector, have not yet been able to refocus on supporting entrepreneurship and stimulating entrepreneurial activity.
Commercial potential for coal presence in the lower part of Carboniferous deposits of the Lviv-Volyn basin
Authors: Matrofailo Mykhailo , Buchynska Iryna , Poberezhskyy Andriy , Stupka Oksana , Yatsenko Ivan , Shevchuk Olena , Kudrych Iryna
Published: December 2021

On the basis of morphological analysis and detailed studies of lithological-facies composition and formation conditions of coal-bearing deposits the investigations of the lower part of Carboniferous deposits of the Lviv-Volyn Basin of south-western edge of the East European Platform were conducted. In particular, the available geological material was analyzed; the initial conditions of Carbonic coal-forming (Late Tournai – beginning of Late Visean) were studied and positions of the lower boundary of the coal-bearing formation were grounded; the availability of commercial coal-bearing potential (thickness of coal seams 0.6 m and more) of the lower part of Carbonic was studied; commercial coal-bearing potential of the Visean and the lower part of the Serpukhovian stages of the lower subformation of the basin was detected; the influence of intraformational and epigenetic washings and other factors that caused the formation and changes of the lower part of the coal-bearing formation, the morphology were investigated; the possibilities of commercial development of coal seams of the lower horizons were grounded. The most promising areas for searching commercial coal seams and the plots with workable thickness in deposits of the lower coal-bearing subformation were singled out for the extension of commercial coal-bearing potential and determination of the directions of searching and prospecting for promising coal deposits of the basin. It was noted that within the bounds of such areas (the Kovel area, the Bubnivska area, the Busk field and other) a continental regime was formed for a long time, and in the conditions of the marshy near-sea lowgrounds with a developed river system and dismembered paleorelief the periodical peat accumulation occurred that caused the formation of commercial coal seams. Reliable prediction of the mining-geological conditions for the development and the assessment of the commercial usability of the coal seams of the lower part of Carbonic deposits in the whole territory of the basin and within the limits of acting mines should ensure the stable development of the Lviv-Volyn Coal Basin.
Multilingualism in Sunan Ampel Tomb Complex: A Linguistic Landscape Study
Authors: Nuswantara Kartika , Firdausiyah Hurrotul , Rohmah Zuliati , Sholihah Diana Nur
Published: December 2021

The present study focuses on the languages operating on the written signage that contribute directly to theformation of the linguistic landscape. The study chose Sunan Ampel Tomb in Surabaya, Indonesia, as one ofthe sites that has become a heritage conservation due to the history hidden in the site. This site is a part of the other sites in a series leading to the history of nine saints (Wali Songo) who brought Islam to Indonesia through one of the islands, Java. The study aimed at describing the linguistic landscape of the site to help learn about the languages operating on the signage found in Sunan Ampel Tomb complex and the hidden history leading to multilingual multilingualism in the area. By using a direct observation and interview to gather the data,the study informs that the sites are typically dominated with Indonesian language operating in monolingualsignage. Despite a few in number, the multilingual signage can still be found to depict several languages including English, Arabic, and Indonesian language. The domination of Bahasa Indonesian demonstrates the implementation of policy for using the language as the national language. While English and Arabic are used for the business purpose. The study also discovers the characteristics of the language displaying on the signage from the size of the fonts. In conclusion, linguistic landscape in Sunan Ampel Tomb describes the history of how the saint brought Islam to the society. Arabic artifacts stereotyping Islam existence can hardly be found here, and it becomes a proof the saint taught Islam without trying to change the already existing customs, cultures, and languages as well.
Carbohydrate Antigen 125: A Biomarker at the Crossroads of Congestion and Inflammation in Heart Failure
Authors: Kumric Marko , Ticinovic Kurir Tina , Bozic Josko , Glavas Duska , Saric Tina , Marcelius Bjørnar , D’Amario Domenico , Borovac Josip A
Published: December 2021

Because heart failure (HF) is more lethal than some of the common malignancies in the general population, such as prostate cancer in men and breast cancer in women, there is a need for a cost-effective prognostic biomarker in HF beyond natriuretic peptides, especially concerning congestion, the most common reason for the hospitalisation of patients with worsening of HF. Furthermore, despite diuretics being the mainstay of treatment for volume overload in HF patients, no randomised trials have shown the mortality benefits of diuretics in HF patients, and appropriate diuretic titration strategies in this population are unclear. Recently, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 125, a well-established marker of ovarian cancer, emerged as both a prognostic indicator and a guide in tailoring decongestion therapy for patients with HF. Hence, in this review the authors present the molecular background regarding the role of CA125 in HF and address valuable clinical aspects regarding the relationship of CA125 with both prognosis and therapeutic management in HF.
Relationship Between Exposure to Sulphur Dioxide Air Pollution, White Cell Inflammatory Biomarkers and Enzymatic Infarct Size in Patients With ST-segment Elevation Acute Coronary Syndromes
Authors: Díaz-Chirón Laura , Negral Luis , Megido Laura , Suárez-Peña Beatriz , Domínguez-Rodríguez Alberto , Rodríguez Sergio , Abreu-Gonzalez Pedro , Pascual Isaac , Moris César , Avanzas Pablo
Published: December 2021

Aims: To analyse the relationship among air pollutants, markers of inflammation and infarct size in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Methods: This was a prospective analysis of consecutive patients admitted to hospital because of ACS. Cardiac biomarkers were drawn. The daily mean values of the air pollutants from the day before until 7 days before admission were analysed. The study population was stratified according to infarct size, based on median peak troponin value. Results: Patients were divided into two groups of 108 subjects each, according to median peak troponin value. Patients with extensive MIs had a higher neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio and leukocyte and neutrophil counts than patients with smaller MIs. In addition, they were exposed to higher concentrations of sulphur dioxide (9.7 ± 4.1 versus 8.4 ± 3.1 μg/m3; p=0.009) and lower concentrations of ozone (33.8 ± 13.7 versus 38.6 ± 14.5 μg/m3; p=0.014). Multivariate analysis showed that sulphur dioxide levels (OR 1.12; 95% CI [1.031–1.21]; p=0.007) and neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (OR 1.08; 95% CI [1.011–1.17]; p=0.024) were independent predictors of infarct size. Conclusion: Patients with extensive MIs had higher white cell inflammatory levels and had been exposed to higher sulphur dioxide concentrations in the ambient air.
Naturaleza y estructura geológica del borde costero del noroeste de Costa Rica
Authors: Solano Juan-Pablo , Aguilar Ana-Teresita , Madrigal María-del-Pilar , Pérez Wendy , Vargas Carlos-Alonso , Chavarría María-Marta , Denyer Percy
Published: December 2021

Introducción: El noroeste de Costa Rica representa un área con una alta riqueza geológica que evidencia rocas generadas en diferentes ambientes, como plano abisal, talud continental, plataforma continental, volcánicos continentales efusivos y explosivos, volcánicos submarinos, costeros, erosivos fluviales, erosivos gravitatorios, de intrusión y el manto terrestre.

Objetivo: Describir el contexto geológico actual del noroeste de Costa Rica, mediante el análisis y recopilación de datos de campo, geoquímicos, petrológicos, estructurales, paleontológicos y radiométricos con el fin de reconstruir los eventos y etapas de deformación desde el Jurásico a la actualidad.

Métodos: Se hizo una recopilación bibliográfica de estudios en diversas ramas geológicas para establecer un estado del arte del extremo noroeste de Costa Rica.

Resultados: La historia geológica representa el registro en rocas desde el Jurásico al Holoceno – actualidad con once etapas definidas a partir de interpretaciones petrológicas, estructurales, geocronológicas, estratigráficas y paleontológicas agrupadas en tres etapas de depositación y afectadas por cuatro fases tectónicas compresivas.

Conclusiones: Las etapas de depositación corresponden con una primera etapa magmática con afinidad oceánica entre el Jurásico y el Cretácico Superior, una segunda etapa predominantemente sedimentaria con un rango de edad entre el Cretácico Superior y el Oligoceno, y por último una etapa volcánica efusiva – explosiva ubicada desde el Plioceno hasta la actualidad. Las fases tectónicas se asocian con diferentes eventos entre placas. La primera se dio en el Cretácico Inferior y su principal resultado visible fue la emersión de la Ofiolita de Santa Elena; la segunda sucedió del Cretácico Superior temprano al Campaniano y su reconocimiento está ligado a la posición actual de la Ofiolita de Santa Elena y sus estructuras circundantes; la tercera fase aconteció desde el Eoceno Superior hasta el Mioceno y su principal producto fue la generación del tren de pliegues sedimentarios del Golfo de Santa Elena a bahía de Salinas; y por último se presenta una fase Cuaternaria que originó el eje de basculamiento de los productos piroclásticos frente a la cordillera volcánica de Guanacaste.
Spatial and temporal dynamics of the hydrology at Salinas Bay, Costa Rica, Eastern Tropical Pacific
Authors: Rodríguez Alejandro , Alfaro Eric-J. , Cortés Jorge
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Salinas Bay is located in the warm pool of the Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP), characterized by warm, shallow surface waters, a strong and shallow thermocline, and an important biological diversity. The primary productivity of the region is influenced by the coastal upwelling, which occurs during the boreal winter as a result of the strengthening of trade winds.

Objective: To study the spatial and temporal dynamics of physical and chemical parameters at seven hydrographic stations in Salinas Bay, Costa Rica, through the analysis of CTD data, and relate the warm and cold events to the regional atmospheric conditions present when measuring the data.

Methods: Seven hydrographic stations, sampled at Salinas Bay between August 2008 and December 2014, were selected. The variables processed for analysis are temperature, density, salinity, oxygen, chl-a and turbidity. Once the data was processed, 42 Hovmöller kind diagrams were plotted.

Results: All variables, except turbidity, presented a seasonal periodicity associated with the upwelling. In general, colder and denser waters, higher salinity and chl-a concentrations and lower dissolved oxygen values were observed during the dry season, when the upwelling was active. Whereas, during the rainy season water masses were warmer and less dense, salinity and chl-a concentrations decreased and dissolved oxygen values tended to increase.

Conclusions: The spatial and temporal dynamics of the hydrology in Salinas Bay was influenced by the coastal upwelling events. The region also presented an interannual variability associated with ENSO. Seasonal and interannual variability can counteract their effects on the oceanographic parameters when they coincide temporally.
Forcing of cool and warm subsurface water events in Bahía Salinas, Costa Rica
Authors: Alfaro Eric-J. , Cortés Jorge
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Bahía Salinas, on the north Pacific coast of Costa Rica, is a seasonal upwelling area. Sea temperature in Bahía Salinas could be modulated by synoptic and other large-scale systems. This region belongs to the Central American Dry Corridor (CADC), a sub-region in the isthmus that is relatively drier than the rest of the territory, which extends along the Pacific littoral from western Guatemala through northern Costa Rica.

Objective: To study the warm and cold events that could be inferred by studying the sea subsurface temperature in Bahía Salinas, and also analyzing the large-scale conditions and synoptic systems of the historical sources when they occurred in order to identify the atmospheric mechanisms that favored their appearance.

Methods: A Sea Subsurface Temperature Index was calculated using hourly data from seven stations located at three different points in Bahía Salinas. Records range from June 19, 2003 to December 5, 2017. Additionally, six meteorological stations, with hourly wind records, were used to create two wind indices. The Sea Subsurface Temperature Index was used to identify the warmest and coldest events in the bay. Wind indices and monthly meteorological bulletins were used to analyze the large-scale conditions and synoptic systems in which cold and warm events occurred in Bahía Salinas.

Results: Mean sea temperature in Bahía Salinas is 25.2°C. Colder temperatures were observed in February-March, below 21°C. There were two maxima in May-June and August-October with temperatures above 27°C. In four of the five cold events studied, Northeasterly wind anomalies were observed in the Costa Rican North Pacific, associated with trade wind reinforcements; meanwhile westerly anomalies were observed in all the warm events, associated with weaker trade wind conditions.

Conclusions: The main seasonal climate driver in Bahía Salinas is the North Atlantic Subtropical High because its latitudinal migration is associated with the strength of the trade winds over Central America. Seasonal upwelling is modulated also by two synoptic scale climate features, the boreal winter arrival of cold front outbreaks and the winter maximum of the easterly Caribbean Low-Level Jet. El Niño-Southern Oscillation is also an important modulator of the sea temperature variability, since warm and cool events are related with positive and negative sea temperature anomalies.
Ascidian diversity of Costa Rica, including new records for the North Pacific
Authors: González-Sánchez Kaylen , Flores-Alvarado Bryan , Montiel-Barrantes Paula , Gómez-Arce Gonzalo , Alvarado Juan-José
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The class Ascidiacea has about 3 000 species, which fulfill various roles in the ecosystem, for example, they filter high amounts of particles, and are shelter and food for other animals. Furthermore, the group has a high number of invasive species reported. In Costa Rica, ascidians have been barely studied.

Objective: In this study, we aim to describe the diversity of ascidians in Costa Rica from new samplings in Área de Conservación Guanacaste, North Pacific, and by compiling previous reports for the entire country in order to improve the group’s state of knowledge.

Methods: Samples were collected during two field trips between 2018 and 2019, at six sites within the Gulf of Santa Elena and three sites near the Murcielago Islands area. The specimens were dissected and analyzed in detail to determine the species. All the identifications were compared with the available information from literature and from museum collections. Literature, collections databases of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution and the new material collected were used to create an updated taxonomic list.

Results: A total of eight species were obtained from 70 specimens. Of these, five are new reports for the country, which increase to 22 species the total number reported for Costa Rica. The most common species was Rhopalaea birkelandi, whose presence was higher in Santa Elena Bay.

Conclusions: This study improved the knowledge of ascidian diversity in Costa Rica. Polyandrocarpa anguinea, reported for the first time, is considered invasive in other areas, which suggests the necessity of a continuous monitoring of its population. It is necessary to include more areas of the country since almost all the reported species come from the North Pacific; the diversity of ascidians from other parts of the country, especially the Caribbean, is still unknown.
Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome: Medical Syndrome or Surgical Syndrome? A Surgical Perspective
Authors: Coco Danilo , Leanza Silvana
Published: December 2021

Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome (VHL) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by a genetic aberration of the tumor suppressor gene VHL and characterized by multi-organ tumors. The most common neoplasm is retinal or cerebral hemangioblastoma, although spinal hemangioblastomas, Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (RCCC), pheochromocytomas (Pheo), paragangliomas, Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors (PNETs), cystadenomas of the epididymis, and tumors of the lymphatic sac can also be found. Neurological complications from retinal or CNS hemangioblastoma and metastases of RCCC are the most common causes of death. There is a strong association between pheochromocytoma and VHL syndrome, and pheochromocytoma is often a classic manifestation of the syndrome. RCCCs are often incidental and identified during other tests. Between 35 and 70% of patients with VHL have pancreatic cysts. These can manifest as simple cysts, serous cysto-adenomas, or PNETs with a risk of malignant degeneration or metastasis of no more than 8%. The objective of this retrospective study is to analyze abdominal manifestations of VHL from a surgical point of view.
Postawy pokolenia Z wobec środowiska pracy na przykładzie pracujących studentów w Polsce i w Chorwacji – analiza porównawcza
Authors: Kawka Tomasz
Published: December 2021

Objective: To interpret preliminary pilot studies diagnosing the attitudes of Generation Z towards work conditions in Poland and Croatia. It uses the example of a selected group of working students in the two countries. The level and attributes of professional satisfaction, the assessment of commitment, and selected components of the assessment of one’s work environment were the determinants of the individuals’ attitudes.Research Design & Methods: Comparative research was carried out using a modified P.A.S.Z. questionnaire. The first section characterises the group of Generation Z employees, who were beginning to work. The next section examines the results of the research and discusses the similarities and differences in the expectations young Poles and Croats have of work towards the work. The group surveyed was made up of individuals finishing their university education and beginning their first stage of development and gaining professional experience. Against this background, fundamental questions and research hypotheses were verified. This constitutes the basis for the further stages of comparative research on the subject.Findings: The research shows that working students appreciate their work environment as one characterised by a high level of professional satisfaction. Working students in Poland and Croatia show an identical structure of values and motives for taking up work, both leading to job satisfaction.Implications / Recommendations: Despite their cultural differences and different nationalities, the Polish and Croatian representatives of Generation Z had very similar results in terms of their expectations and attitudes. Thus, an assumption can be made about a global, homogeneous perception of one’s professional role by the youngest generation entering the labour market in the sample of students.Contribution: The study confirms the characteristics of Generation Z as a homogeneous and global generation in terms of how they perceive their work environment.
Wymagania kompetencyjne wobec pracowników ds. HR wykonujących pracę zdalnie
Authors: Krasnova Anna
Published: December 2021

Objective: To present the competency requirements for employees in HR departments providing their work remotely.Research Design & Methods: Qualitative research was conducted using content analysis. The research sample consisted of advertisements for remote work for positions related to HRM.Findings: The study shows that most employers looking for remote-based HR employees require candidates to have qualifications necessary for remote work, which are the least required hard (technical) competencies.Implications / Recommendations: Remote work is becoming a standard form of work, and requires employees to have additional competences to make them more effective. In order to create effective virtual teams, employers should take into account the competency requirements necessary for remote work at the recruitment stage.Contribution: The list of universal competences for remote work presented in the article can be used by employers to define the requirements for candidates for various positions, and as a source of knowledge when constructing research tools to measure competencies for remote work.
Türkçe Kur’an Çevirilerinde Geliştirilmeye Açık Alanlar- Kur’ân Yolu Meâli Örnekliği’nde
Authors: ÇELEM Sema
Published: December 2021

Bu makale Diyanet İşleri Başkanlığı tarafından basılan Kur’ân Yolu Meâli adlı çalışmanın kritiği üzerinden Türkçe Kur’an çevirilerinde geliştirilmeye açık alanları konu edinmektedir. Dili Arapça olan yüce kitabımızın ilahi muradının anlaşılması için Türkçeye çevrilmesi bir zorunluluktur. Bununla birlikte çevirilerin çoğu yetersiz kalmakta özellikle anlatım bozukluğu ve anlam karmaşası bakımından sorunlarla karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu sorunların ortadan kalkması için cümlelerin dilbilgisi yönünden doğru kurulması, anlaşılabilir olması, cümlede eksik ya da gereksiz kelime kullanılmaması vb. konulara dikkat edilmelidir. Makalede Kur’ân Yolu Meâli tespit edilen bu sorunlar yönünden incelenmiş, ayrıca İlahiyat fakültelerinde görev yapan akademisyen hocalar tarafından hazırlanan meallerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler arasından tercihlerde bulunulmuş, buna göre öncelikle muhatap kitlenin belirlenmesi ve çeviride kullanılacak yöntemin bu kitlenin beklentilerine uygun olarak seçilmesi gerekli görülmüştür. Buna göre Arapça metinle karşılaştırabilecek düzeyde dile hâkim olanlar için metin merkezli tercüme tercih edilebilir. Arapça alt yapısı olmayanlar için âyet hakkında yeterli açıklamanın yapılması adına seçilen parantez içi veya dipnot gibi sistemler dikkati dağıtarak okuma akışını yavaşlattığı için verimli değildir. Bunların yerine sûreleri konu bütünlüğü içinde ele almak, dipnotlarla değil metin içindeki açıklayıcı cümlelerle konuyu detaylandırmak yerinde bir uygulama olacaktır.