bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High internal phase Pickering emulsion by ultrasound-modified almond protein isolate particles as a new fat substitute to improve oxidative stability of pork sausages
Authors: Yang Qingrui , Han Peng , Qi Wenhui , Shao Yutong , Zhang Xu , Wu Fengyang , Zhang Zhisheng
Published: February 2025

Introduction

In this study, high-internal-phase Pickering emulsions (HIPPE) were used to produce low-fat meat products. The oxidative stability of HIPPE is a critical factor determining its suitability for this application.

Methods

Accordingly, an investigation was conducted to ascertain the impact of substituting 25–100% pig back fat with HIPPE (75% soybean oil, v/v) stabilized with ultrasound-modified almond isolate protein (UAPI) particles on the stability of sausages.

Results

The 300 W-UAPI sample exhibited the highest surface hydrophobicity value and emulsification activity index (87.65 m2/g), as well as the most optimal foaming stability (90.93%). Compared to the control emulsion, 300 W-UAPI-HIPPE exhibited the smallest average droplet size (30.49 μm), the highest oil loading ratio (82.26%), and improved antioxidant properties. The incorporation of UAPI-HIPPEs in sausages resulted in enhanced textural properties, including hardness, elasticity, chewiness, adhesion, and resilience, as well as increased densification. In addition, cooking loss and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances content were reduced. Among the samples, those with 100% backfat substitution exhibited the most favorable textural properties and micromorphology, with a 67% reduction in cooking loss and the lowest fat oxidation.

Discussion

These findings indicate that UAPI-HIPPEs may serve as viable alternatives to animal fat in meat products, exhibiting desirable characteristics.
Consumer-driven prepared food consumption policies: a sustainability perspective on reducing food waste
Authors: Hou Bo , Chen Ying , Wang Zhiwei
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Food waste is a global issue intricately linked to food crises and ecological degradation. The development of the prepared food industry and markets is a promising practice to reduce food waste globally and achieve carbon neutrality.

Methods

This study is grounded in the motivation -opportunity -ability (MOA) theory and employs a structural equation model (SEM) to establish an analytical framework to explore factors influencing the intentions of Chinese consumers to consume prepared food.

Results

Empirical analysis reveals that motivation, opportunity, and ability positively influence consumers’ intentions to consume prepared food. Furthermore, opportunity and ability exert a mediating effect on motivation through convenience and health factors.

Discussion

This study innovatively applies the MOA theory to food waste issues, providing a new policy perspective. The conceptual framework developed offers a theoretical foundation for future research on pathways to reduce food waste, especially within the context of prepared food consumption in China, and serves as a theoretical starting point for academia, industry, and policymakers.
Effects of trans-mitral flow patterns and heart rate on intraventricular pressure gradients and E/E’ in the early stage of a rat model of hypertensive cardiomyopathy
Authors: Hirose Miki , Ma Danfu , Shimada Kazumi , Yoshida Tomohiko , Matsuura Katsuhiro , Kitpipatkun Pitipat , Hatanaka Akari , Zhao Yanbing , Takahashi Ken , Tanaka Ryou , Hamabe Lina
Published: February 2025

Background

The mitral inflow spectral is expressed as two separate waves: early diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (E) and late diastolic trans-mitral flow velocity (A) waves. When the heart rate (HR) increases and the diastolic time diminishes, the mitral flow pattern changes from EA-separation to EA-fusion. The E wave provides information about preload and diastolic function. Tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) and non-invasive intraventricular pressure gradient (IVPG) based on color-M-mode echocardiography are two techniques established in recent years with good repeatability in cardiac function evaluation, especially diastolic.

Hypothesis/objective

We hypothesize that IVPG and E/E’ are differentially influenced by mitral inflow patterns.

Animals

A total of 66 hypertensive cardiomyopathy (HTN-CM) induced by abdominal aorta coarctation and 33 sham-operated rats were divided into 6 groups according to trans-mitral flow patterns.

Methods

Conventional echocardiography, TDI, and IVPG sampling were performed on rats under general anesthesia with 2.5% isoflurane at 3 weeks after the operation. After code EA-separation = 1, EA-half-separation = 2, and EA-fusion = 3, Pearson’s correlation tests were performed.

Results

Both E and E’ in EA-fusion (1.04 ± 0.13 and 7.65 ± 0.84) are higher than the EA-separation pattern in all rats (0.91 ± 0.10 and 5.51 ± 0.78, p < 0.001). The preload change has more impact on E’ than E (0.443 vs. 0.218, p < 0.001, respectively), which leads to decreased E/E’ in EA-fusion. Total IVPG and basal IVPG positively correlated with the mitral inflow pattern (0.265 and 0.270, p < 0.001), while mid-to-apical IVPG was not (0.070, p = 0.281).

Conclusion

The mitral inflow pattern positively correlates with basal IVPG, E, and E’. Mid-to-apical IVPG was independent of mitral inflow patterns, while E/E’ tended to be lower when the mitral inflow pattern changed from EA-separation to EA-fusion.
Comprehensive investigation of gene mutations in canine large cell gastrointestinal lymphoma
Authors: Matsumura Naoki , Tsuruta Takumi , Goto-Koshino Yuko , Mizukami Keijiro , Aoi Tomomi , Yamada Ryoko , Matsumoto Yuki , Nagao Itsuma , Sakamoto Megumi , Nakagawa Taisuke , Fukuoka Ray , Ohmi Aki , Chambers James K. , Uchida Kazuyuki , Momozawa Yukihide , Tomiyasu Hirotaka
Published: February 2025

Large cell gastrointestinal lymphoma (LCGIL) is the most common extranodal lymphoma in dogs, but its molecular biological backgrounds have not been clarified. In this study, we comprehensively investigated the gene mutations in LCGIL. Whole exome sequencing analysis using four dogs with LCGIL showed mutations in NACC1 gene in two dogs. Further, the six genes known to be mutated in human intestinal T-cell lymphoma, ASXL3, SOCS3, PRDM1, FYN, TET2, and ZDBF2, were found to be mutated in one dog. Then, targeted next-generation sequencing analysis was performed to validate these results using additional 31 dogs with LCGIL. As a result, the mutation in ZDBF2 genes were identified in all samples, but the same mutation was ubiquitously observed in all peripheral blood samples. As for the remaining genes, the mutations were not observed in any dogs. The targeted next-generation analysis of whole exon regions of ZDBF2 revealed the other mutations in additional three dogs. In the present study, some mutations in genes related to human intestinal T-cell lymphoma were identified, but common gene mutations were not found among most cases. These results implied the heterogeneity of molecular pathophysiology of canine LCGIL. Further studies are needed to comprehensively analyze genomic and non-genomic molecular aberrations in each canine LCGIL case.
Impact of Climate Variability on Foodborne Diarrheal Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Gobena Tesfaye , Mengistu Dechasa Adare
Published: February 2025

Objective

To determine the impacts of climate variability on foodborne diarrhoeal disease worldwide.

Methods

This work was performed based on PRISMA guideline. Articles were retrieved from the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The search was made using Boolean logic operators, medical subject headings, and main keywords related to foodborne diarrheal disease. STATA version 17 was used to perform an analysis. The quality of the articles was evaluated using Joanna Briggs Institute appraisal tools.

Results

The present study included 54 articles with an estimates of 103 findings. An increases in temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, rainfall, and flooding were associated with 4% [RR: 1.04; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.05], 3% [RR: 1.03; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.06], 2% [RR: 1.02; 95% CI: 1.01, 1.03], 1% [RR: 1.01; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.02], and 42% [RR: 1.42; 95% CI: 1.26, 1.57] increases in foodborne diarrhoeal disease, respectively.

Conclusion

There was a significant association between foodborne diarrhoeal disease and climate variability, and indicate the need for building a climate-resilient food safety system to reduce foodborne diarrheal disease.

Systematic Review Registration

identifier CRD42024532430.
Management and surveillance of metastatic giant cell tumour of bone
Authors: Fellows David , Kotowska Julia , Stevenson Thomas , Brown Jennifer , Orosz Zsolt , Siddiqi Ather , Whitwell Duncan , Cosker Thomas , GIbbons Christopher L. M. H.
Published: February 2025

Giant cell tumour of bone (GCTB) is viewed as a benign, locally aggressive primary bone tumour with metastatic potential. Current management is surgery with bone curettage or resection and systemic therapy with denosumab. Diagnosis is confirmed histologically prior to surgery, with staging for pulmonary disease, as pulmonary metastases (PM) reportedly occur in <8%. This study aimed to assess incidence, surveillance and management of PM in patients with GCTB, with histopathological review. A retrospective audit of the Oxford bone tumour registry was performed from January 2014 – October 2023. Inclusion criterion was histological confirmation of GCTB. Exclusion criteria were incomplete medical, imaging or histology records, or referral for secondary MDT opinion for diagnosis. From an initial group of 126 GCTB patients, 83 patients met the full selection criteria. Pulmonary metastases were identified in 11 patients. Three with PM were excluded on histopathological review as being giant cell rich osteosarcoma rather than metastatic GCTB. This left 8 (9.6%) patients, one had PM at presentation and seven at follow-up between 2 and 42 months. Two were histologically confirmed after cardiothoracic surgery and biopsy, six radiologically diagnosed. Three (37.5%) patients with PM have died (between 1 and 12 months after confirmed PM), five are alive with stable disease. Seven (87.5%) of patients with pulmonary disease were treated with denosumab/chemotherapy (three before, four after pulmonary diagnosis). Five (62.5%) with pulmonary disease had recurrence of local disease requiring further surgery. Local recurrence was an independent risk factor for PM on statistical analysis. GCTB may present with PM, but more commonly, metastasis occurs after surgery, presenting on surveillance and can progress. There were no distinct differences in histopathological appearance between patients with GCTB that developed PM and those that did not, therefore morphological features of the tumour cannot be currently used to predict tumour behaviour. PM can behave aggressively, necessitating identifying histological markers to recognise patients at risk of metastatic GCTB, for example, through mRNA single cell analysis. We propose GCTB patients with PM receive regular chest surveillance with PET scan and/or CT to monitor disease progression, and a multi-centre audit of GCTB outcome undertaken to further define optimal clinical management.
Thickness Model of the Adhesive on Spacecraft Structural Plate
Authors: Guo Yanhui , Li Peibo , Chen Yanpeng , Chi Xinfu , Sun Yize
Published: February 2025

This paper establishes a physical model for the non-contact rotary screen coating process based on a spacecraft structural plate and proposes a theoretical expression for the adhesive thickness of the non-contact rotary screen coating. The thickness of the adhesive is a critical factor influencing the quality of the optical solar reflector (OSR) adhesion. The thickness of the adhesive layer depends on the equivalent fluid height and the ratio of the fluid flow rate to the squeegee speed below the squeegee. When the screen and fluid remain constant, the fluid flow rate below the squeegee depends on the pressure at the tip of the squeegee. The pressure is also a function related to the deformation characteristics and speed of the squeegee. Based on the actual geometric shape of the wedge-shaped squeegee, the analytical expression for the vertical displacement of the squeegee is obtained as the actual boundary of the flow field. The analytical expression for the deformation angle of the squeegee is used to solve the contact length between the squeegee and the rotary screen. It reduces the calculation difficulty compared with the previous method. Based on the theory of rheology and fluid mechanics, the velocity distribution of the fluid under the squeegee and the expression of the dynamic pressure at the tip of the squeegee were obtained. The dynamic pressure at the tip of the squeegee is a key factor for the adhesive to pass through the rotary screen. According to the continuity equation of the fluid, the theoretical thickness expression of the non-contact rotary screen coating is obtained. The simulation and experimental results show that the variation trend of coating thickness with the influence of variables is consistent. Experimental and simulation errors compared to theoretical values are less than 5%, which proves the rationality of the theoretical expression of the non-contact rotary screen coating thickness under the condition of considering the actual squeegee deformation. The existence of differences proves that a small part of the colloid remains on the rotary screen during the colloid transfer process. The expression parameterizes the rotary screen coating model and provides a theoretical basis for the design of automatic coating equipment.
Fly High: Volatile Organic Compounds for the Early Detection of the Seed-Borne Pathogen Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens
Authors: Gaudioso Dario , Calamai Luca , Tegli Stefania
Published: February 2025

The global demand for legumes has grown significantly since the 1960s, due to their high protein content and environmental benefits. However, this growth could also facilitate the spread of seed-borne pathogens like Curtobacterium flaccumfaciens pv. flaccumfaciens (Cff). Cff is a Gram-positive bacterium causing bacterial wilt in common beans and poses substantial challenges in regard to its detection and management, due to its long latent period and xylemic nature. Traditional diagnostic methods have proven insufficient, highlighting the need for innovative approaches. This study explores the potential of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by Cff to be used as diagnostic markers to prevent the spread of seed-borne pathogens. First, we analyzed the VOCs emitted by different Cff strains in vitro, identifying a unique blend of five major VOCs. Subsequently, we verified the presence of these VOCs in vivo in artificially infected Cannellino beans. Phenylmethanol and 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol emerged as key diagnostic markers, differentiating Cff from other bacterial pathogens of beans, such as Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola and Xanthomonas phaseoli pv. phaseoli. Our findings suggest that VOC fingerprinting offers a non-invasive, effective method for the early detection of Cff, even in asymptomatic seeds. This innovative approach holds significant promise for improving seed-borne disease management and supporting the development of practical diagnostic tools for field applications. Further research should aim to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of VOC-based diagnostics, facilitating the rapid and accurate screening of plant materials at ports of entry. This would contribute to the sustainability and health of leguminous crop production.
Intra-Vaginal Bio-Stimulation and Clitoral Massage to Enhance Pregnancy Rates in Water Buffalo in Coastal Bangladesh
Authors: Paul Ashit Kumar , Fakruzzaman Md. , Alam Md. Ashadul , Deb Gautam Kumar , Khandoker M. A. M. Yahia
Published: February 2025

The study aimed to determine the effect of intra-vaginal bio-stimulation with a modified penis-like device (mPLD) or artificial penis and clitoral massage subsequent to artificial insemination (AI) to increase the pregnancy rate of water buffaloes. The AI was performed on 160 buffalo cows after observing their estrus sign. The buffalo cows were divided into four experimental groups (group A: only AI was conducted; group B: intra-vaginal bio-stimulation with a mPLD following AI; group C: massage of the clitoris after AI; group D: both the mPLD and the clitoral massage were used following AI). Each group consisted of 40 animals. Age, parity, body weight, reproductive health status, history of previous calving difficulties, and estrus detection method were recorded. The overall pregnancy rate was found to be 41.3%. The pregnancy rate in groups A, B, C, and D were 32.5, 42.2, 37.5 and 52.5%, respectively. It was determined that both the application of intra-vaginal bio-stimulation with a mPLD and massage of the clitoris following AI (group D) showed a significant effect on pregnancy rate than the control group (group A). It is concluded that the application of a mPLD in conjugation with massage of the clitoris enhances the pregnancy rate of buffalo cows in the coastal region of Bangladesh.
Integrated Microbiome and Metabolomics Analysis Reveals Altered Aggressive Behaviors in Broiler Chickens Showing Different Tonic Immobility
Authors: Gao Jiang , Cheng Xiaoxian , Wu Xuanfu , Zou Cunzhi , He Bin , Ma Wenqiang
Published: February 2025

Tonic immobility (TI) serves as an indicator of innate stress response recovery in poultry. Broilers with different TI phenotypes exhibit varying levels of aggressive behavior, which can significantly impact their welfare. However, the influences of TI phenotypes on broiler aggression remain largely unexplored. In this study, broiler chickens were stratified into two distinct phenotypic groups based on the TI duration: short TI (STI) and long TI (LTI). The impacts of TI phenotypes on broiler aggression were investigated by analyzing cecal intestinal morphology, cecal bacteria, plasma metabolites, and corticosterone levels. Compared to LTI broilers, STI broilers showed significantly reduced plasma corticosterone (CORT) levels (p < 0.05) and a decreased frequency of aggressive behaviors, including dominant and subdominant types (p < 0.01). Histological analysis revealed that STI broilers have an increased duodenal villus height and villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio (p < 0.01), a decreased jejunal crypt depth with an increased villus-height-to-crypt-depth ratio (p < 0.01), and a reduced ileal crypt depth and villus height (p < 0.01) compared to LTI broilers. 16S rDNA sequencing and Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) identified differential cecal bacterial abundance, notably in the genus cc115 belonging to Firmicutes. Specific microbiota in LTI broilers exhibited significant positive correlations with aggressive behavior and plasma corticosterone, while those in STI broilers showed significant negative correlations. Untargeted plasma metabolomics revealed 21 downregulated and 17 upregulated metabolites between TI phenotypes. Correlation analysis showed that the genus cc115 and 10 plasma metabolites were positively correlated with aggressive behavior, whereas 8 metabolites were negatively correlated. LTI broilers have higher plasma corticosterone content and more intense aggressive behavior than STI broilers. The distinct behavioral and physiological profiles observed in broilers with different TI phenotypes are strongly correlated with their specific gut microbiota and differential plasma metabolite profiles. The identified gut microbial signatures serve as key biomarkers for regulating aggressive behavior in broilers, while the differential plasma metabolites represent potential early indicators for detecting stress and behavioral issues in poultry farming.
Correction: Domrazek, K.; Jurka, P. Application of Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) Techniques for Selected Companion Animals. Animals 2024, 14, 1578
Authors: Domrazek Kinga , Jurka Piotr
Published: February 2025

The authors would like to make the following corrections in the original publication [...]
Genetic Comparison and Selection of Reproductive and Growth-Related Traits in Qinchuan Cattle and Two Belgian Cattle Breeds
Authors: Li Xiaopeng , Niu Peng , Wang Xueyan , Huang Fei , Wang Jieru , Qu Huimin , Han Chunmei , Gao Qinghua
Published: February 2025

This study investigates the genetic structure of Belgian Red (BR), Belgian Red and White (BWR), and Qinchuan (QinC) cattle, with a focus on identifying genes associated with reproductive functions, growth, and development. A total of 270 Belgian cattle (91 BR and 179 BWR) and 286 Qinchuan cattle were genotyped using the Illumina Bovine SNP 50K microarray. Data analysis was conducted using PLINK and Beagle 5.1 to estimate linkage disequilibrium (LD) and effective population size (Ne). Candidate SNP loci were identified by selecting the top 5% based on the weighted fixation index (Fst) and nucleotide diversity (θπ ratio), followed by gene annotation. The analysis revealed 160 candidate genes under selection between Qinchuan and Belgian Red cattle, and 98 candidate genes between Qinchuan and Belgian Red and White cattle. Key genes associated with reproductive functions, including NFKBIA, PTHLH, UGT2B10, TRPC4, and ALOX5AP, were identified. Additionally, genes involved in growth and muscle development were highlighted, particularly those influencing protein synthesis, fatty acid metabolism, and collagen synthesis. These findings provide valuable molecular markers for enhancing reproductive efficiency, growth, and meat production through genetic selection and selective breeding strategies.
Combating Metallo-β-Lactamase-Producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa: The Fractional Inhibitory Concentration Index as a Tool to Evaluate Antibiotic Synergy
Authors: Granata Guido , Venditti Carolina , Rotondo Claudia , Dimartino Valentina , D’Arezzo Silvia , Gallo Assunta , Parisi Gabriella , Capone Alessandro , Fontana Carla , Cicalini Stefania
Published: February 2025

Background: Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria producing metallo-β-lactamase are an increasing concern. Here, we described three cases of infection due to difficult-to-treat and drug-resistant P. aeruginosa producing metallo-β-lactamases, which were successfully treated with antibiotic combination of cefiderocol plus imipenem–relebactam, and reported on the molecular and epidemiological features of the isolates and the in vitro synergistic effects of different antibiotic combinations guiding antibiotic treatment. Patients and methods: Three P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from respiratory or blood cultures of three different patients. Minimum inhibitory concentrations breakpoints were interpreted according to EUCAST recommendations. Next-generation sequencing data were used for in silico identification of resistance genes and sequence types and for core genome multi-locus sequence typing analysis. The fractional inhibitory concentration index was performed as a measure of synergy of cefiderocol plus imipenem and imipenem–relebactam. Results: The three isolates exhibited different multi-drug-resistant and molecular profiles carrying blaIMP-13 (imipenemase metallo-β-lactamase-13) (isolates named Pse-1 and Pse-3) and blaVIM-2 (Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase-2) (isolate Pse-2). Typing showed that the isolates did not cluster and belonged to different sequence types. The E-test method showed the presence of synergy of cefiderocol in combination with imipenem–relebactam in the two P. aeruginosa isolates producing IMP-13 (Pse-1 and Pse-3). No synergy was observed in the isolate producing VIM-2 (Pse-2). Conclusions: Cefiderocol in association with imipenem–relebactam exhibited a synergistic effect against IMP-producing P. aeruginosa isolates. Further studies with a range of drugs and an expanded number of isolates are required to ascertain potential novel synergistic associations and the clinical utility of the fractional inhibitory concentration index.
Antioxidant and Photoprotective Activities of 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid and (+)-Catechin, Identified from Schima argentea Extract, in UVB-Irradiated HaCaT Cells
Authors: He Qi , Chen Yu-Pei , Li Junhao , Wu Hongtan , Chen Fangfang , Li Mingyu , Wu Chun
Published: February 2025

In traditional Chinese medicine, the root bark and leaves of Schima argentea are utilized to treat dysentery, parasitic infections, and digestive disorders. In this study, the n-butanol extract of S. argentea (NBA) exhibited potent antioxidant properties, protecting HaCaT cells from UVB-induced damage, and was abundant in phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Using UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis, several antioxidants within NBA were identified. Among these, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, (+)-catechin, and procyanidin B2 effectively reduced ROS levels after 1 h post-UVB treatment (225 mJ/cm2). Notably, all three compounds significantly decreased the phosphorylation of p38 and JNK in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, the cell survival rate of these compounds was assessed after 12 h post-UVB treatment (225 mJ/cm2). Both 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid and (+)-catechin significantly prevented UVB-induced apoptosis in HaCaT cells, as evidenced by MTT, Hoechst, Calcein/PI staining, and flow cytometry analyses. Proteomic analysis revealed that 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid achieved photoprotection by downregulating c-Fos and Jun and modulating cell cycle proteins, while (+)-catechin promoted cell repair through the PI3K-Akt and Wnt signaling pathways. These results demonstrated that both compounds can directly absorb UVB, scavenge ROS, and provide cell photoprotection by modulating multiple signaling pathways. The n-butanol extract of S. argentea holds promising potential for future medical applications.
Water-Soluble Sacrificial Layer of Sr3Al2O6 for the Synthesis of Free-Standing Doped Ceria and Strontium Titanate
Authors: Sanna Simone , Krymskaya Olga , Tebano Antonello
Published: February 2025

Epitaxial layers of water-soluble Sr3Al2O6 were fabricated as sacrificial layers on SrTiO3 (100) single-crystal substrates using the Pulsed Laser Deposition technique. This approach envisages the possibility of developing a new generation of micro-Solid Oxide Fuel Cells and micro-Solid Oxide Electrochemical Cells for portable energy conversion and storage devices. The sacrificial layer technique offers a pathway to engineering free-standing membranes of electrolytes, cathodes, and anodes with total thicknesses on the order of a few nanometers. Furthermore, the ability to etch the SAO sacrificial layer and transfer ultra-thin oxide films from single-crystal substrates to silicon-based circuits opens possibilities for creating a novel class of mixed electronic and ionic devices with unexplored potential. In this work, we report the growth mechanism and structural characterization of the SAO sacrificial layer. Epitaxial samarium-doped ceria films, grown on SrTiO3 substrates using Sr3Al2O6 as a buffer layer, were successfully transferred onto silicon wafers. This demonstration highlights the potential of the sacrificial layer method for integrating high-quality oxide thin films into advanced device architectures, bridging the gap between oxide materials and silicon-based technologies.
Beyond Instinct: Data-Driven Decision Trees for Tactical Shot Selection in Professional Padel
Authors: López-Sierra Pablo , Escudero-Tena Adrián , Ibáñez Sergio J. , Muñoz Diego
Published: February 2025

The aim was to analyze the frequency of finalist technical-tactical actions in professional padel according to their effectiveness and sex of the players. Through a descriptive empirical design, 878 points corresponding to ten WPT matches of the 2023 season were analyzed. Through the creation of decisional trees, it was obtained that, in smashes, recovery smashes and out of the court, the percentage of winning shots are higher in men’s padel than in women’s. While, in volleys, bandejas, viboras, off-the-wall and forehands/backhands, the percentage of winning shots is higher in women’s padel than in men’s. On the other hand, in men’s padel, smashes and recovery smashes are the shots with which more winnings are achieved, while in women’s, only smashes are the shots with which more winners are achieved. Coaches must plan training sessions to work on strategies that lead players to force errors on the opponent or make shots that allow them to achieve success.
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) Implementation of a Multi-Symbol Detection Algorithm with Reduced Matching Branches and Multiplexed Finite Impulse Response (FIR) Filters
Authors: Hong Kai , Duan Ruifeng , Zhao Ling , Zhou You
Published: February 2025

The computational complexity of existing multi-symbol detection (MSD) algorithms grows exponentially as the observation intervals increase, resulting in difficulties in algorithm implementation for detecting pulse code modulation/frequency modulation (PCM/FM) signals, especially for multi-channel signals. To address the challenges, we proposed a low-complexity MSD algorithm based on the averaged matched filtering. The proposed algorithm groups the local reference signals based on the different importance levels of the middle and edge bits in the correlation operations and averages the edge bits, leading to a considerable decrease in matching branches. Furthermore, it leverages the phase symmetry, and the proposed algorithm retains half of the averaged local reference signals for the matching operation, thus further reducing the matching branches. The proposed algorithm reduces the storage of the local signals and correlation operations to one-eighth compared to the traditional MSD algorithm under different observation lengths. Additionally, based on the structure of multiplexed FIR filters, the proposed algorithm optimizes single-channel single-coefficient FIR filters into four-channel double-coefficient FIR filters, further reducing the hardware resource consumption by approximately 25%. The simulation results showed that the proposed algorithm achieved demodulation performance comparable to the traditional MSD algorithms while reducing the computational complexity by 87.5%. Compared to the decision-feedback MSD algorithm, it achieves higher demodulation gain with a 75% complexity reduction. The Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) platform implementation results showed that the proposed algorithm reduces hardware resource consumption by nearly 90% compared with the traditional algorithm, and the hardware demodulation performance loss is less than 1 dB compared with the simulation results.
Self-Sustaining Double-Stage Circularity Through Utilization of Sunflower Agriculture’s Waste in Bio-Fertilizers: Commissioning of a Full-Scale Facility
Authors: Zgureva-Filipova Denitza , Nikolova Viktoria , Krasteva Lyudmila , Filipov Kalin
Published: February 2025

The conception of a circular economy is one of the crucial approaches that could accelerate the processes of achieving sustainable development goals, which challenge all industries and societies. Still, the potential of agricultural waste in this area is not fully covered by technologies. This study aims to develop a full-scale technology for self-sustaining double-stage circularity through the utilization of sunflower agriculture’s waste in bio-fertilizers. The investigation is performed in Bulgaria, as available sunflower husk ashes (SHA) are subjected to analyses regarding their applicability for bio-fertilizer production. The design of the technology and full-scale equipment commissioning process are described. The conditions and results from the adjustment tests are presented and, based on these, the optimal operating parameters are defined. The successful granulation of different samples of SHA at these conditions is performed and the final granular bio-fertilizers are characterized with a content of 30 wt. % K2O and 5% wt. P2O. The moisture of the prepared granules is approx. 5 wt. %, and they pass the crushing tests at 2.5 kgf. The biotoxicity of the bio-fertilizer is also analyzed, and the results show its applicability in agriculture. The proposed approach allows the initial sources of K2O and P2O from soil feeding the sunflowers to circulate in different industrial technologies and to reenter the soil through bio-fertilizers.
An SSI-Based Solution to Support Lawful Interception
Authors: Buccafurri Francesco , Canino Aurelio Loris , De Angelis Vincenzo , Laurenda Annunziata , Lax Gianluca
Published: February 2025

Lawful Interception refers to the acquisition of the contents of communications between private individuals or organizations by subjects authorized by law. It involves three actors: the network operator (NO), the Law Enforcement Agency (LEA), and the Law Enforcement Monitoring Facility (LEMF). In the literature, standards and scientific solutions are proposed for the interception procedure and the interaction between the NO and the LEMF. However, no standard has been proposed for the interaction between the LEMF and the LEA. The absence of standards for controlling LEA (or a delegated agency) access to intercepted contents stored by the LEMF is a significant gap that should be overcome. This prevents the implementation of secure, interoperable, and automated procedures, leading to inefficiencies and security risks. In this paper, we propose to cover the above gap by adopting the Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) paradigm. The adopted research methodology follows a multi-phase approach that includes studying existing solutions, system design, and technical feasibility testing. The study first examines existing standards and identity management frameworks and their limitations. Next, an SSI-based architecture is proposed to manage the interactions between LEA (or a delegated agency) and LEMF. Finally, a proof of concept of the proposed solution written in Python and using the Hyperledger Indy blockchain has been implemented to assess whether our proposal is technically feasible. The proposed solution enhances automation, security, and interoperability in lawful interception. Indeed, it enables machine-readable authorizations, reducing errors and improving efficiency by eliminating manual operations. Additionally, verifiable credentials and decentralized identifiers strengthen security and standardize interactions across jurisdictions, ensuring privacy-preserving identity management. By standardizing interactions between LEA and LEMF, this research contributes to a more secure, privacy-preserving, and legally compliant lawful interception process.
Deep Learning Model Approach to Predict Diabetes Type 2 Based on Clinical, Biochemical, and Gut Microbiota Profiles
Authors: Caballero-María Pablo , Caballero-Villarraso Javier , Arenas-Montes Javier , Díaz-Cáceres Alberto , Castañeda-Nieto Sofía , Alcalá-Díaz Juan F. , Delgado-Lista Javier , Rodríguez-Cantalejo Fernando , Pérez-Martínez Pablo , López-Miranda José , Camargo Antonio
Published: February 2025

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disease. Gut microbiota plays a key role in metabolic homeostasis and the development of T2DM and its complications. With the advance of artificial intelligence (AI), it is possible to develop novel models based on machine learning (ML) that can predict the risk of developing certain diseases and facilitate their early diagnosis, or even take preventive measures in advance. This can be the case of T2DM, for example. Our objective was to develop a predictive model of the risk of developing T2DM based on clinical, biochemical, and intestinal microbiota parameters, which estimates the time margin for developing this disease. To this end, a Deep Learning Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm was developed and trained with data from real patients from a current large population epidemiological study. The data were normalised and augmented to increase their diversity and avoid overfitting. The neural network developed was optimised, and the best hyperparameters were chosen for model building by Bayesian optimisation. We succeeded in getting the model to return a numerical result corresponding to the number of months it will take for a particular individual to develop T2DM with an accuracy of 95.2%.
Risk Assessment Study of Oil Flow Under Inrush Current on the Misoperation of Converter Transformer Gas Relay
Authors: He Wenhao , Zhang Zhanlong , Yang Yu , Gao Jiatai , Pei Xichen , Deng Jun , Pan Zhicheng , Lv Jinzhuang , Yao Hongliang
Published: February 2025

In practical engineering, due to the residual magnetism in the iron core of the converter transformer, the inrush current is generated in the case of no-load closing, and the inrush current leads to an oil flow surge inside the converter transformer. Under the influence of oil flow, the gas relay plate will be deflected, and when the deflection angle is too large, the gas relay will malfunction. Because of the lacking research on the influence of the misoperation of the gas relay under the excitation inrush of the converter transformer, it is difficult to effectively suppress the misoperation of gas relay under inrush current. Therefore, the finite element model of the electromagnetic hydraulic coupling of the converter transformer is established in this paper to obtain the oil flow velocity through the gas relay under the inrush current. A fluid–solid coupling model was established inside the gas relay to study the deflection characteristics of the baffle of the gas relay under the inrush current, and the relationship between the inrush current amplitude and the deflection angle of the baffle was mathematically fitted to effectively predict whether the gas relay has the risk of misoperation. From the experimental results, it can be seen that when the amplitude of the inrush current exceeds 6.37 kA, the gas relay will have the risk of misoperation. Finally, the influence of oil flow impact on the gas relay baffle under multiple cycles is considered. The results can provide an effective reference for analyzing the diagnosis of gas relay misoperation under the effect of inrush current.
Promoting Mental Health Through Campus Landscape Design: Insights from New Zealand Universities
Authors: He Yuqing , Bowring Jacky , Lawson Gillian
Published: February 2025

Mental health challenges among university students and staff are a pressing concern globally and in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Despite adopting frameworks like the Okanagan Charter to promote health and well-being, there is a lack of empirical research on how campus landscapes contribute to mental health promotion. This is a preliminary study based on a Ph.D. research project aiming to investigate the role of campus landscapes in supporting relaxation and internal recovery through everyday activities. We conducted a comparative multi-case study involving 66 participants from the University of Auckland, Lincoln University, and the University of Otago, exploring how they use and prefer campus landscapes for relaxation. Our findings indicate that ‘enjoying nature’ is the most preferred relaxation activity, with participants engaging both actively and passively with various spaces such as gardens, open lawns, and forested areas. Additionally, in campus settings, the proximity of relaxation spaces appears to be more important than design quality because of the limited time during working hours, which points to the importance of thoughtful campus planning. This study also found that university staff are often overlooked in discussions about healthy universities, despite their significant role in the campus setting. Overall, this study highlights the importance of biophilic design principles in creating health-promoting campus environments and offers initial insights for integrating natural elements into campus planning to enhance mental health and well-being.
pth Moment Exponential Synchronization of Fuzzy Stochastic Cellular Neural Networks with Discrete and Infinite Delays
Authors: Xu Keyu , Liu Ming , Xu Xiaofeng
Published: February 2025

In this paper, we consider the pth moment exponential synchronization (PMES) of fuzzy stochastic cellular neural networks (FSCNNs) with discrete and infinite delays. In order to achieve pth-moment exponential synchronization of FSCNNs with discrete and infinite delays, we design an appropriate feedback controller. Using the Lyapunov function method and theories of infinite delayed systems, we obtain some sufficient conditions to ensure the pth-moment exponential synchronization of the system. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of our results, we provide a numerical simulation example. Our results extend the pth-moment exponential synchronization of FSCNNs from finite delays systems to infinite delays systems.
Exploring the Impact of Socially Assistive Robots in Rehabilitation Scenarios
Authors: Carnevale Arianna , Raso Alessandra , Antonacci Carla , Mancini Letizia , Corradini Alessandra , Ceccaroli Alice , Casciaro Carlo , Candela Vincenzo , de Sire Alessandro , D’Hooghe Pieter , Longo Umile Giuseppe
Published: February 2025

Background: Socially Assistive Robots (SARs) represent an innovative approach in rehabilitation technology, significantly enhancing the support and motivation for individuals across diverse rehabilitation settings. Despite their growing utilization, especially in stroke recovery and pediatric rehabilitation, their potential in musculoskeletal and orthopedic rehabilitation remains largely underexplored. Although there is methodological and outcome variability across the included studies, this review aims to critically evaluate and summarize the research on SARs in rehabilitation, providing a thorough overview of the current evidence and practical applications. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted across multiple databases, resulting in the selection of 20 studies for analysis. The reviewed papers were categorized into three main classes based on the roles of the robots in rehabilitation: Motivation, Imitation, and Feedback Providers. Results: The analysis highlights that SARs significantly improve adherence to rehabilitation programs, enhance motor function, and increase motivation across clinical and home settings. Robots such as NAO, Pepper, and ZORA demonstrated high efficacy, particularly in stroke recovery and pediatric rehabilitation. Conclusions: SARs offer transformative benefits in rehabilitation, providing scalable, personalized solutions through motivational support, guided exercises, and real-time feedback. Their integration into orthopedic rehabilitation could address critical clinical needs, enhancing precision in exercises, adherence to long-term programs, and overall patient outcomes. Future research should prioritize the development and validation of SAR-based interventions for musculoskeletal disorders to unlock their full potential in this domain.
Effect of Fertilization on the Performance of Adult Pinus pinea Trees
Authors: Loewe-Muñoz Verónica , Bonomelli Claudia , Delard Claudia , Del Río Rodrigo , Balzarini Monica
Published: February 2025

Background: Pinus pinea L. (stone pine) produces pine nuts of high value. Its cultivation is carried out in forests and plantations, with intensive management techniques being studied to stimulate diameter growth, which is positively related to cone production. Aims: To evaluate the effect of fertilization in a 30-year-old plantation and to understand if adult trees respond to nutritional management. Methods: A trial with completely randomized block design was established with two treatments (fertilization/control) and three repetitions. The plantation, with a density of 204 trees/ha, is located in central Chile, on a sandy-loam soil with neutral pH, medium organic matter content, and a fertility condition that limits tree development. Fertilization considered the repeated application of macro (N, P, K, S, Mg) and micronutrients (B, Fe, and Zn). Periodic measurements of height, stem and crown diameter, and cone production were made up to age 36. Cone production was evaluated using mixed generalized linear models and growth variables using ANOVA (analysis of variance). Results: Significant effects of fertilization on DBH annual growth (35% higher than the control, p < 0.001) and in cone production (3 times higher, p < 0.0001) were found. Conclusions: Fertilization is a useful practice to improve the growth and cone productivity of the species.
The Role of tRNA-Derived Small RNAs (tsRNAs) in Regulating Cell Death of Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Guo Jiaxu , Chen Xinzhe , Ren Jiahao , Wang Yunhong , Wang Kun , Yang Sumin
Published: February 2025

Transfer RNA is a class of non-coding RNA that plays a role in amino acid translocation during protein synthesis. After specific modification, the cleaved fragment is called tRNA-derived small RNA. The advancement of bioinformatics technology has led to an increase in the visibility of small RNA derived from tRNA, and their functions in biological processes are being revealed. These include gene silencing, transcription and translation, epigenetics, and cell death. These properties have led to the implication of tsRNAs in various diseases. Although the current research mainly focuses on the role of tRNA-derived small RNA in cancer, there is mounting evidence that they are also strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, including cardiac hypertrophy, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and myocarditis. Therefore, the regulatory role of tRNA-derived small RNA in cardiovascular disease will become an emerging therapeutic strategy. This review succinctly summarizes the characteristics, classification, and regulatory effect of tsRNA. By exploring the mechanism of tsRNA, it will provide a new tool for the diagnosis and prognosis of cardiovascular disease.
The Curse of the Red Pearl: A Fibroblast-Specific Pearl-Necklace Mitochondrial Phenotype Caused by Phototoxicity
Authors: Hemel Irene M. G. M. , Knoops Kèvin , López-Iglesias Carmen , Gerards Mike
Published: February 2025

The dynamic nature of mitochondria makes live cell imaging an important tool in mitochondrial research. Although imaging using fluorescent probes is the golden standard in studying mitochondrial morphology, these probes might introduce aspecific features. In this study, live cell fluorescent imaging was applied to investigate a pearl-necklace-shaped mitochondrial phenotype that arises when mitochondrial fission is restricted. In this fibroblast-specific pearl-necklace phenotype, constricted and expanded mitochondrial regions alternate. Imaging studies revealed that the formation time of this pearl-necklace phenotype differs between laser scanning confocal, widefield and spinning disk confocal microscopy. We found that the phenotype formation correlates with the excitation of the fluorescent probe and is the result of phototoxicity. Interestingly, the phenotype only arises in cells stained with red mitochondrial dyes. Serial section electron tomography of the pearl-necklace mitochondria revealed that the mitochondrial membranes remained intact, while the cristae structure was altered. Furthermore, filaments and ER were present at the constricted sites. This study illustrates the importance of considering experimental conditions for live cell imaging to prevent imaging artifacts that can have a major impact on the obtained results.