bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Safety and efficacy of transitioning from the combination of bosentan and sildenafil to alternative therapy in patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Verlinden Nathan J. , Benza Raymond L. , Raina Amresh
Published: July 2020

The combination of bosentan and sildenafil is commonly used to treat patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH); however, there is evidence of a significant drug interaction between these two medications. We sought to evaluate the safety and efficacy of transitioning patients with PAH from the combination of bosentan and sildenafil to alternative therapy. A retrospective database review was performed on 16 patients with PAH who were treated with the combination of bosentan and sildenafil and transitioned to alternative treatment at our center. Invasive and non‐invasive patient parameters were collected at baseline and after transition. 56.3% of patients were in World Health Organization functional class (WHO FC) III and a majority of patients (68.7%) were on background prostacyclin therapy. The most common reason for transition was concern for a drug interaction in seven patients (43.8%). The most common transition was bosentan to macitentan in eight patients (50%). Fifteen patients (93.8%) tolerated the transition after a median follow‐up of 6.5 months with minor adverse events occurring in four patients (25%). In 11 patients, 6‐min walk distance (6MWD) was unchanged comparing baseline to post transition measurements with a median change of +8 m (range: −50 to + 70; P = 0.39). Nine patients (81.8%) had stable (within 15% margin) or significant improvement (increase by ≥15%) in 6MWD after transition. All patients demonstrated stable or improved WHO FC after transition. There were no significant changes after transition in hemodynamics, N‐terminal pro‐brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) values, or Registry to Evaluate Early and Long‐Term PAH Disease Management (REVEAL) risk scores. In our study, transitioning patients from bosentan and sildenafil to alternative therapy was safe and resulted in clinical stability.
Association between Charlson comorbidity index and complications of endoscopic resection of gastric neoplasms in elderly patients
Authors: Kim Sunmin , Kim Dong Hyun , Park Seon-Young , Park Chang Hwan , Kim Hyun Soo , Choi Sung Kyu , Rew Jong Sun
Published: July 2020

Background

Although endoscopic resection is safe and effective for gastric epithelial neoplasms, information is limited on its efficacy and safety in extremely elderly patients who have various comorbidities. Further, the relationship between comorbidities and complications of endoscopic resection is not well established. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic resection of gastric epithelial neoplasms in extremely elderly patients.

Methods

From October 2008 to December 2017, 4475 consecutive patients underwent endoscopic resection of gastric epithelial neoplasms. Among them, 242 were 75 years or older. We assessed Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) scores, procedural outcomes, and procedure- and sedation-related complications related to endoscopic resection.

Results

Mean patient age was 78.7 ± 3.2 years. Of the 242 patients, 124 (51.2%) had low-grade dysplasia and 112 (46.3%) had adenocarcinoma. The most common comorbidity was hypertension (55.4%), followed by diabetes (23.1%). The mean CCI score was 1.67 ± 1.43. Sixty patients (24.8%) had a CCI score ≥ 3. During the procedure, 10 (4.1%) patients had desaturation that recovered by flumazenil use with mask (n = 2) or Ambu bag (n = 3) ventilation. During subsequent admission, atelectasis or pneumonia occurred in 45 (18.6%) patients, post-procedural bleeding in 12 (5.0%), and perforation in 3 (1.2%). Respiratory complications were more common in patients with a CCI score ≥ 3 (20/60, 33.3%) than in those with a CCI score < 3 (25/182, 13.7%, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

CCI score is related to respiratory complications of endoscopic resection in extremely elderly patients. Endoscopic resection must be performed cautiously, particularly in elderly patients with a high CCI score, to prevent respiratory complications.
Using predictive process monitoring to assist thrombolytic therapy decision-making for ischemic stroke patients
Authors: Xu Haifeng , Pang Jianfei , Yang Xi , Li Mei , Zhao Dongsheng
Published: July 2020

Background

Although clinical guidelines provide the best practice for medical activities, there are some limitations in using clinical guidelines to assistant decision-making in practical application, such as long update cycle and low compliance of doctors with the guidelines. Driven by data of actual cases, process mining technology provides the possibility to remedy these shortcomings of clinical guidelines.

Methods

We propose a clinical decision support method using predictive process monitoring, which could be complementary with clinical guidelines, to assist medical staff with thrombolytic therapy decision-making for stroke patients. Firstly, we construct a labeled data set of 1191 cases to show whether each case actually need thrombolytic therapy, and whether it conform to the clinical guidelines. After prefix extraction and filtering the control flow of completed cases, the sequences with data flow are encoded, and corresponding prediction models are trained.

Results

Compared with the labeled results, the average accuracy of our prediction models for intravenous thrombolysis and arterial thrombolysis on the test set are 0.96 and 0.91, and AUC are 0.93 and 0.85 respectively. Compared with the recommendation of clinical guidelines, the accuracy, recall and AUC of our predictive models are higher.

Conclusions

The performance and feasibility of this method are verified by taking thrombolytic decision-making of patients with ischemic stroke as an example. When the clinical guidelines are not applicable, doctors could be provided with assistant decision-making by referring to similar historical cases using predictive process monitoring.
Global discovery of bacterial RNA-binding proteins by RNase-sensitive gradient profiles reports a new FinO domain protein
Authors: Gerovac Milan , El Mouali Youssef , Kuper Jochen , Kisker Caroline , Barquist Lars , Vogel Jörg
Published: July 2020

RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) play important roles in bacterial gene expression and physiology but their true number and functional scope remain little understood even in model microbes. To advance global RBP discovery in bacteria, we here establish glycerol gradient sedimentation with RNase treatment and mass spectrometry (GradR). Applied to Salmonella enterica, GradR confirms many known RBPs such as CsrA, Hfq, and ProQ by their RNase-sensitive sedimentation profiles, and discovers the FopA protein as a new member of the emerging family of FinO/ProQ-like RBPs. FopA, encoded on resistance plasmid pCol1B9, primarily targets a small RNA associated with plasmid replication. The target suite of FopA dramatically differs from the related global RBP ProQ, revealing context-dependent selective RNA recognition by FinO-domain RBPs. Numerous other unexpected RNase-induced changes in gradient profiles suggest that cellular RNA helps to organize macromolecular complexes in bacteria. By enabling poly(A)-independent generic RBP discovery, GradR provides an important element in the quest to build a comprehensive catalog of microbial RBPs.
Deformable mirror resolution-matching-based two-stage wavefront sensorless adaptive optics method
Authors: Wang Deen , Zhang Xin , Yang Ying , Deng Xuewei , Dai Wanjun , Sun Chuang , Zheng Yamin , Hu Dongxia , Jing Feng , Yuan Qiang , Huang Lei
Published: July 2020

In high-power laser facilities, the application of a traditional wavefront control method is limited under the influence of a continuous phase plate (CPP). In order to obtain a satisfactory far-field intensity distribution at the target of the beamline with the CPP, a novel deformable mirror (DM) resolution-matching-based two-stage wavefront sensorless adaptive optics method is proposed and demonstrated. The principles of the DM resolution-matching method and two-stage wavefront sensorless adaptive optics method are introduced, respectively. Based on the numerical model, the matching relationship between the actuator space of the DM and the spatial period of the CPP is investigated. By using the resolution-matched DM, the feasibility of the two-stage wavefront sensorless adaptive optics method is numerically and experimentally verified. Both the numerical and the experimental results show that the presented DM resolution-matching-based two-stage wavefront sensorless adaptive optics method could achieve the target focal spot control under the influence of the CPP, and the profile and the intensity uniformity of the corrected focal spot are optimized close to the designed ideal focal spot.
Изучение процесса онлайн-радикализации молодежи в социальных медиа (междисциплинарный подход)
Authors: Карпова Анна Юрьевна , Савельев Алексей Олегович , Вильнин Александр Даниилович , Чайковский Денис Витольдович
Published: July 2020

В статье доказывается, что междисциплинарный подход на основе интеграции уже показавших свою эффективность исследовательских инструментов перспективен для изучения процесса онлайн-радикализации молодежи в социальных сетях. Мы опираемся на международный опыт междисциплинарных исследований в области изучения радикализации, накопленный в таких научных центрах, как START, ICSR, CSEC, ISGA, и др.
В статье представлен опыт междисциплинарной проектной группы Томского политехнического университета по созданию прототипа программной системы для выявления ультраправых сообществ в социальной сети «ВКонтакте». Новый гибридный метод календарно-корреляционного анализа сочетает в себе скорость компьютерного анализа больших данных (чувствительный для обнаружения ультраправых сообществ), математическую модель для выявления целевой группы по характерному изменению активности группы в «окрестности» ключевых событий и базу знаний. Методика работы алгоритма позволит выявлять предикторы радикализации для разработки критериев отбора и маркирования триггерных объектов, значимых для ультрарадикальных сообществ в российской социальной сети; создать социальный граф из кластеров и перекрестных связей; прогнозировать угрозы и риски распространения радикальных идеологий. В перспективе прототип может применяться для анализа других социальных сетей и ультрарадикальных сообществ при условии пополнения базы знаний, адаптации правил анализа информации и соответствующих социологических шаблонов и моделей. Мы также излагаем исследовательские стратегии для проверки нашей методики.
Благодарность. Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке ГЗ «Наука», в рамках проекта FSWW-2020-0014.
The Effectiveness of Gadget-Based Interactive Multimedia in Improving Generation Z’s Scientific Literacy
Authors: Widodo W. , Sudibyo E. , Suryanti S. , Sari D. A. P. , Inzanah I. , Setiawan B.
Published: July 2020

Scientific literacy is very important to generation Z (Gen-Z), while Gen-z’s scientific literacy in Indonesia needs to be improved. The use of gadgets by Gen-Z almost all the time in their daily lives enables research to improve scientific literacy by using gadgets. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of gadget-based interactive multimedia to improve Gen-Z scientific literacy and describe the Gen-Z response to interactive multimedia. This research was a pre-experiment study with one group pretest and posttest design. Interactive multimedia was designed to be applied on gadget, consists of Socioscientific Issues (SSI) which was relevant to pressure concepts. This research involved two junior high schools in East Java, Indonesia. Scientific literacy test instrument was designed based on scientific literacy aspects of PISA 2015. The inferential test results showed that posttest score was significantly greater than the pretest in the two schools. Results showed that the mean score of students’ scientific literacy at School I increased from 39.6 to 74.0 and N-gain score was 0.57 which was in medium category. In addition, the average scientific literacy score of students in School II also increased from 31.5 to 59.9 and Ngain score was 0.41 which was in the medium category. The inferential test results also showed that there were no significant N-gain differences in the two schools. It can be concluded that interactive multimedia developed effective to improve students’ scientific literacy. However, Gen-Z students cannot be satisfied with the multimedia. Students suggest several multimedia enhancements in terms of visual, audio, and music, so that they can enjoy the multimedia all the time by using the device.
DWT-SVD Combination Method for Copyrights Protection
Authors: Rachmawanto Eko Hari , Atika Sari Christy , Pradana Rizky Putra
Published: July 2020

Many irresponsible people who download other people's artwork then modify and redistribute the work of someone without permission by not including the owner's name. Based on that problem an attempt was made to provide an invisible watermark so as not to be easy to do the watermark removal process on the artwork, using a 2-level DWT and SVD combination method that can embed watermarks invisibly and increase watermarking resistance to the image from various image manipulation processes such as noise, JPEG compression, and so on. From combination method of DWT-SVD got the highest PSNR value with watermark image size 32x32 and 64x64 which is 59.2656 dB and 54.7414 dB, respectively.
Analisis Usaha Perikanan Purse Seine di Perairan Kendari, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Authors: Suharyanto Suharyanto , Saputra Rahmat Surya Hadi , Mufid Muhammad Amin , Sutono Dian
Published: July 2020

Usaha perikanan purse seine diperairan Kendari Sulawesi Tenggara banyak diminati oleh nelayan dengan besar kapal ≤ 30 GT.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa kelayakan usaha perikanan purse seine di perairan Kendari. Secara keekonomian kegiatan perikanan tangkap KM. Tunas Harapan 99-02 dengan alat tangkap purse seine layak diusahakan, dengan beberapa parameter ekonomi masing-masing keuntungan sebesar Rp211.554.950,--; Net Present Value sebesar Rp816.808.430,--; Internal Rate of Return sebesar 23,35%; Net B/C Ratio 1,80 dan Payback Period  4 tahun 9 bulan 22 hari. Sehingga untuk meningkatkan kinerja usaha agar lebih besar disarankan dengan menambah jumlah hari setiap trip penangkapannya yang dapat menghemat waktu dan biaya operasional.
Distopik Bilim Kurgu Sinemasında Gelecek Mekânları ve Mimari Öngörüler
Authors: ÜNVER Büşra
Published: July 2020

Sinema ve mimarlığın varoluşuna ilişkin ortak unsur olan ‘mekân’ kavramının geleceğini konu alan bu çalışmanın amacı, distopik bilim kurgu sineması aracılığı ile mekân tasarımına ve mimarlığa ait kurguların ve öngörülerin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaçtan hareketle bu çalışmada incelenen filmlerde özellikle teknolojik etkilerin mekân tasarımlarında ne gibi değişikliklere yol açabileceği sorularına cevap aranmıştır. İncelenen filmler içerdikleri ortak mekânlar doğrultusunda ‘kent’, ‘ev/konut’, ‘sosyal alanlar’ ve ‘ticari mekânlar’ başlıkları altında ele alınmıştır. Distopik türde yer alan bilim kurgu filmlerinden örneklem olarak 10 film üzerinde durulmuştur. Bu filmler, ‘Metropolis’, ‘Brazil’, ‘Ghost in the Shell’, ‘Gattaca’, ‘The Fifth Element’, ‘Minority Report’, ‘The Island’, ‘Wall E’, ‘Black Mirror - Fifteen Million Merits’ (dizi bölümü) ve ‘Interstellar’ olarak belirlenmiştir. Bu doğrultuda mekânsal dönüşümün gözlemlendiği filmlerde gelecek mekânlarında oluşabilecek sorunlar insan ve yaşam ile ilişkisi bağlamında tümdengelim yöntemi ile araştırılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonunda fiziksel mekânların önemlerini yitirseler dahi insanlar var olduğu sürece minimum düzeyde varlıklarını sürdürecek olmalarına karşın sanal ve teknoloji destekli mekânların giderek önem kazanacağının öngörüldüğü saptanmıştır.Bu dönüşümün insan yaşamında birtakım olumlu sonuçlara neden olmasının yanında, mekânı insani ve yaşanan olandan uzaklaştırabileceği, sosyal kopukluklara yol açabileceği, insanları yalnızlaştırabileceği, mekânın ve mimarlığın tanımlarını değiştirip dönüştürebileceği, teknolojinin ve dijital desteğin mekân tasarımlarına hâkim olacağı öngörülerinin çoğunlukta olduğu tespit edilmiştir.
SARS-CoV-2 detection with ApharSeq v1
Authors: Strauss Daphna , Rahat Ayelet , Sharkia Israa , Chappleboim Alon , Adam Miriam , Kitsberg Danny , Fialkoff Gavriel , Lotem Matan , Gershon Omer , Schmidtner Anna-Kristina , Oiknine-Djian Esther , Klochendler Agnes , Sadeh Ronen , Dor Yuval , Wolf Dana , Habib Naomi , Friedman Nir
Published: July 2020

The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic led to a steep increase in the need for viral detection tests worldwide. Most current tests for SARS-CoV-2 are based on RNA extraction followed by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR assays that involve a separate RNA extraction and qPCR reaction for each sample with a fixed cost and reaction time. While automation and improved logistics can increase the capacity of these tests, they cannot exceed this lower bound dictated by one extraction and reaction per sample. Multiplexed next generation sequencing (NGS) assays provide a dramatic increase in throughput, and hold the promise of richer information on viral strains and host immune response. Here, we establish a significant improvement of existing RNA-seq detection protocols. Our workflow, ApharSeq (Amplicon Pooling by Hybridization And RNA-Seq), includes a fast and cheap RNA capture step, that is coupled to barcoding of individual samples, followed by sample-pooling prior to the reverse transcription, PCR and massively parallel sequencing. Thus, only one step is performed before pooling hundreds of barcoded samples for subsequent steps and further analysis. Considering these improvements, our proposed workflow is estimated to reduce costs by 10-50 fold, labor by 5-100 fold, automated liquid handling by 5-10 fold, and reagent requirements by 100-1000 fold compared to existing methods.
Comparison of Treatment Effects with Modified C-Palatal Plates vs Greenfield Molar Distalizer Appliances in Adolescents
Authors: Alfaifi Mohammed , Park Jae Hyun , Tai Kiyoshi , Ku Ja Hyeong , Vaid Nikhilesh R , Kook Yoon-Ah , Shoaib Ahmed M , Bayome Mohamed
Published: July 2020

Objectives: The aim of study was to evaluate skeletodental and soft tissue treatment effects and the amount of maxillary molar distalization with modified C-palatal plates vs. Greenfield molar distalizer appliances in adolescents. Study design: The samples consisted of pre- and posttreatment lateral cephalograms collected from 39 patients with Class II malocclusion. The MCPP group was comprised of 21 patients (mean age: 11.7 ± 1.3 years) treated with MCPP appliances while the GMD group included 18 patients (mean age: 11.2 ± 0.9 years) treated with GMD. Fixed orthodontic treatment started with the distalization process in both groups. From each cephalograpm, twenty-nine variables were measured for analysis and then the two groups were compared. Descriptive statistics, a paired t-test, and multivariate analysis of variance were performed to compare the treatment effects within and between the groups. Results: There was significant treatmentrelated change in the sagittal position of the maxilla and the mandible within each group. However, there were no statistically significant inter-group differences. The mean maxillary first molar distalization was 3.96 mm in the MCPP group vs. 2.85 mm in the GMD group. Both groups showed minimal distal tipping, but the maxillary incisors were significantly extruded by 3.04 ± 0.89 mm (P < .001) in GMD group. There was no significant difference in treatment duration between the groups.

Conclusions: The maxillary first molars of both the MCPP and GMD groups were effectively distalized and there were significant skeletal changes in the maxilla. However, the maxillary incisors were significantly extruded in the GMD group.
Evaluación agronómica de genotipos de quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) en condiciones agroclimáticas en la zona de Mocache
Authors: Mestanza Uquillas Camilo , Zambrano Calderón Katiuska , Pinargote Alava John , Veliz Zamora Diana , Vásconez Montufar Gregorio , Fernández-García Nieves , Olmos Enrique
Published: July 2020

La quinua (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) se ha cultivado principalmente en la cordillera de los Andes en Bolivia, Perú, Ecuador y Colombia, fue uno de los principales alimentos de los pueblos andinos preincaicos e incaicos. Las bondades de la quinua radican en su alto valor nutricional por su contenido de proteína y su gran plasticidad fenotípica. La presente investigación se realizó en la Finca Experimental “La María” de la Universidad Técnica Estatal de Quevedo, ubicada en la provincia de Los Ríos. El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar las características agronómicas de los genotipos de quinua en condiciones ambientales de la costa central. Se aplicó un diseño completamente al azar con 21 tratamientos (genotipos) y tres repeticiones. Las variables agronómicas evaluadas mostraron diferencias estadísticas significativas (p<0.05). En la variable altura de planta destacó el genotipo 48 con 154.17 cm a los 90 días. Por otra parte, en la determinación de días a la cosecha el genotipo más tardío fue el genotipo RGG con 143 días, mientras el genotipo más precoz fue el 42 con 90 días a la cosecha. En la variable peso de 1,000 semillas los resultados alcanzados demostraron que el genotipo Faro 2 destacó ligeramente con un registro de 2.58 g. Finalmente, en cuanto al rendimiento por planta (g) el mayor registro lo obtuvo el genotipo O-5 con 143.15 g planta-1. Los datos registrados en las distintas variables demuestran viabilidad en la producción de quinua y debido a su amplia adaptabilidad, la convierten en una valiosa alternativa de diversificación para la costa ecuatoriana.
Developing Work Motivation for Lecturers at Some Public Universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
Authors: Dung Nguyen Thi Thuy
Published: July 2020

This article presents the results from an investigation of current practices in building work motivation for lecturers in three public universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The survey aims to clarify the current state of motivational development for lecturers in these universities, and to contribute as a reference to baseline for measures to enhance the work motivations for lecturers. The survey was conducted by a combination of in-depth interview and questionnaire of 224 lecturers in the three universities. The results showed that the management of these universities have taken appropriate motivating measures, which have direct effect to the individual lecturers, through their work and through the working environment. Among them, the direct measures (raising salaray and incentives; providing supplemental pay, benefits and services; trainning and professional development) are performed the best in three universities. Howerver, the working environment enhancement measures, which require time and appropriate investment, must receive the most attention in the future.
DiagnÃ³stico Situacional PEST-LA para Identificar los Problemas TurÃ­sticos de la Provincia de Cotopaxi, Ecuador
Authors: Arrieta Milton Alberto Sampedro , Zaquinaula Manuel Antonio Abarca , Morales Diana Karina Vinueza , Bonilla Kimberley Dayanna Rivas
Published: July 2020

El turismo es una actividad econÃ³mica en crecimiento en el mundo, que genera mÃºltiples impactos positivos y negativos, para su crecimiento necesita el buen funcionamiento de los factores del macro-entorno, por lo que, el presente trabajo modificÃ³ la matriz PEST-LA y analizÃ³ los factores; polÃ­tico, econÃ³mico, social-cultural, tecnolÃ³gico, legal y ambiental de los cantones; La Mana, Salcedo, SaquisilÃ­, Latacunga y PujilÃ­. Para su anÃ¡lisis se trabajÃ³ con 116 elementos y cada elemento analizado se subdividiÃ³ en variables que fueron valoradas y calificadas con base en las evidencias encontradas, a travÃ©s de informaciÃ³n segundaria e informaciÃ³n primaria (entrevistas a actores claves), obteniendo asÃ­; 74 elementos valorados como negativos (catalogados como problemas turÃ­sticos) y 42 elementos valorados como positivos, correspondientes al diagnÃ³stico situacional de los problemas que no estÃ¡n permitiendo el desarrollo turÃ­stico en la provincia de Cotopaxi.
Tourism is a growing economic activity in the world, which generates multiple positive and negative impacts, for its growth it needs the proper functioning of the macro-environment factors, therefore, this work modified the PEST-LA matrix and analyzed the facts; political, economic, socialcultural, technological, legal and environmental of the cantons; La Mana, Salcedo, SaquisilÃ­, Latacunga and PujilÃ­. For its analysis we worked with 116 elements and each element analyzed was subdivided into variables that were assessed and qualified based on the evidence found, through secondary information and primary information (interviews with key actors), thus obtaining; 78 elements valued as negative (cataloged as tourist problems) and 38 elements valued as positive, corresponding to the situational diagnosis of problems that are not allowing tourism development in the province of Cotopaxi.
Factors that Influence Fanâ€™s Attendance at Individual Sporting Events in Egypt through Coachesâ€™ and Media Perspective
Authors: Aly Ezzeldin R. , Hodge Desmond S.
Published: July 2020

Egypt has been long reflected as one of the most attractive countries to visit because of its historical treasure. Egypt also has remarkable athletic performances in the world championship and the Olympics. Egypt's first recent Olympic gold medal was during the Athens Olympic Games. However, fansâ€™ attendance at individual sporting events was not equivalent to fan presence at team sports. Related studies about fans' who participate in different sporting events focused on menâ€™s sports, team sports, and professional sports ( Armstrong, 2007). The sports development pyramid model by Casey (1988), designed to analyze the stages of sports development, was used to understand more about the association of the significance ofspecific factorsthat Influence fansâ€™, and fan attendance at different individual sporting events in Egypt. A survey initially designed by the researchers was used to collect insights from seven (7) sports journalists, and twenty-seven (27) national team head coaches from different countries, who attended the African and the Arab games held in Cairo, Egypt. The results showed a significant relationship between fan attendance and individual sporting events, public relations, social media, cultural, and the actions of the Egyptian National Governing Bodies (ENGB). The result of this study further suggests the importance of implementing marketing strategies to promote individual sport.
Les Effets IndÃ©sirables : DÃ©finition, Classification, Diagnostique Et Facteurs
Authors: El Bouazzi Omaima
Published: July 2020

Un mÃ©dicament est capable de produire un effet thÃ©rapeutique et faire preuve dâ€™une grande efficacitÃ© comme il peut Ãªtre Ã  lâ€™origine dâ€™apparition de plusieurs effets indÃ©sirables allant des plus bÃ©nins au plus grave mettant en jeu le pronostic vital du patient. De ce fait, un effet indÃ©sirable mÃ©dicamenteux peut Ãªtre dÃ©finit comme Ã©tant une rÃ©action vis-Ã -vis Ã  un mÃ©dicament dans les conditions normales dâ€™utilisation ou en dehors de ces derniÃ¨res. Une bonne connaissance de lâ€™effet indÃ©sirable, sa classification, son diagnostic et des facteurs favorisants permettent une bonne gestion de lâ€™Ã©vÃ©nement et une bonne prise en charge. Lâ€™objectif de cet article est de prÃ©senter de maniÃ¨re didactique les notions fondamentales liÃ©es aux effets indÃ©sirables mÃ©dicamenteux. Il sâ€™agit dâ€™une synthÃ¨se bibliographique de 48 rÃ©fÃ©rences des articles, chapitres dâ€™ouvrage et thÃ¨ses de doctorat.
A drug is capable to produce a therapeutic effect with a great effectiveness as it can be the cause of several adverse reactions ranging from European Scientific Journal June 2020 edition Vol.16, No.18 ISSN: 1857-7881 (Print) e - ISSN 1857-7431 256 the mildest to the most serious involving the patient's life-threatening. Therefore, an adverse reaction can be defined as a reaction to a drug under normal conditions of use or outside of them. A good knowledge of the adverse reaction, its classification, its diagnosis and favorable factors allow good management of the event. The purpose of this article is to present in a didactic manner the fundamental concepts of adverse drug reactions. This is a bibliographic summary of 48 references to articles, book chapters and doctoral theses.
Comparative Clinical Trial of Fluoridated Varnishes with Calcium Compounds to Prevent and Reverse Incipient Carious Lesions in School Children
Authors: Adriana Juarez-Lopez Maria Lilia , Miriam Marin Miranda , Nelly Molina Frechero
Published: July 2020

Objective: This paper focuses on comparing the clinical effectiveness of two fluoridated varnishes enhanced with calcium compounds to prevent and reverse incipient carious lesions (ICL). Method: A clinical study was carried out with 156 children aged 7-9 years. They were distributed into three groups for the topical application of: a) a sodium fluoride varnish with caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP/NaF); b) a sodium fluoride varnish with phosphate-tri-calcium (NaF-TCP); c) a control. The application were every six months Caries Protective fraction (PF) which was obtained from Epidemiological indexes. Also, 2594 dentalsurfaces with caries free and incipient caries lesions (ICL) were followed up after 18 months. ANOVA repeated measures were carried out, and McNemar and Gamma tests were also performed. Results: The DMFS values after treatments showed the following: a) 1.9Â± 4, b) 2.5Â± 2, and c) 3.1Â± 4.8 (p =0.17) with PF of 38% and 18% for groups CPP-ACP/NaF and NaF-TCP, respectively. ICL showed a reversal in 26.6% (IC95: 17-35) of the CPP-ACP/NaF group, 24.6% (IC95: 14-33) in the NaF-TCP group, and 23% (IC95: 13-32) in the control group.. The percentage of free caries and incipient caries teeth were higher for CPPACP/F than control group. p= 0.001. Conclusion: Varnishes with calcium compounds promoted the recovery of ICL. However, CPP-ACP/NaF showed a better protective factor.
Percepções Paiter Suruí sobre legislações da Educação Escolar Indígena: entrelaçamentos de conquista e crítica
Authors: Scaramuzza Genivaldo Frois , Paiter Suruí Romero Mopidapenen , Alves Maria Isabel Alonso
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo busca comunicar saberes que foram produzidos a partir de uma pesquisa desenvolvida nos anos de 2018 e 2019 junto ao povo indígena Paiter Suruí da Aldeia Apoena Meirelles, da terra indígena Sete de Setembro, no Estado de Mato Grosso. Teve como principal objetivo registrar as percepções de anciãos da etnia mencionada sobre a escola indígena, bem como descrever de que forma percebiam as principais legislações voltadas à Educação Escolar Indígena. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa constituiu-se numa perspectiva qualitativa de ascendência em bricolagem (KINCHELE; BERRY, 2007). Inspirados no trabalho de Silveira (2007), realizamos entrevistas interativas com anciãos a respeito das legislações educacionais. Os resultados mostraram que os Paiter Suruí observam a escola como um espaço de conquista, espaço que necessita continuar se aproximando dos pressupostos legais.
Encontros interculturais entre um indígena Kaingang e não indígenas: enlaces em um pensar perspectivista e sincrônico
Authors: Teixeira de Menezes Ana Luisa , De Moura Onorio Isaías , Graeff Wernz Maria Cristina
Published: July 2020

O diálogo entre pesquisadores indígenas e não indígenas, em espaços acadêmicos, pode acolher novas formas de pensar a educação e a pesquisa. Mudanças metodológicas apresentam-se na forma de fazer ciência, considerando os movimentos sincrônicos que aproximam os pesquisadores e que potencializam as pesquisas e publicações oriundas dessas mudanças. A escrita deste texto, que tem a participação de um indígena Kaingang, mestrando em Educação, de uma pesquisadora de doutorado em Educação e da orientadora, é um exercício que metamorfoseia pensamentos e ações, em uma aproximação com o estar ameríndio. A conjunção de reflexões apresentadas tem ampliado os sentidos de aprendizagem, procurando desenvolver no campo educativo a convivência e a integração do que aparentemente não se junta: o mundo indígena e o não indígena no âmbito do pensar simbólico.
Dossier : Préhensibilité des aliments par les herbivores et les volailles - Avant-propos
Authors: FAVERDIN P. , PICARD M.
Published: July 2020

Le groupe "Ingestion" du Département Elevage et Nutrition des Animaux contribue, par des échanges interdisciplinaires, à une meilleure compréhension des facteurs de variation de la consommation alimentaire et à favoriser le développement de nouvelles méthodes de mesures qui puissent être appliquées à différents types d’élevages.
La palatabilité d’un aliment, analysée dans le dossier précédent (INRA Prod. Anim., 9, 337-366) dépend pour une large mesure de l’expérience alimentaire d’un animal. La mesure de la palatabilité pendant des tests de courte durée ne permet donc que difficilement de caractériser l’ingestibilité d’un aliment chez les animaux mono ou polygastriques.
Une prévision intégrée de la consommation peut être obtenue grâce à un modèle global comme celui proposé par Sauvant et al (réunion du groupe ingestion du 9-10-95). Au coeur de ce modèle, la bouchée (ou la becquée) représente l’acte élémentaire conduisant à l’ingestion. De durée comparable chez l’herbivore ruminant et chez le poulet granivore, il est le premier contact physique entre l’animal et l’aliment. A ce titre, il est apparu important au groupe "Ingestion" de dresser un état des connaissances sur cet acte central de la prise alimentaire.
Les organes qui permettent aux animaux de reconnaître et saisir de la nourriture sont adaptés depuis des millions d’années à des conditions environnementales complexes. "La connaissance de la nutrition peut masquer le fait que les animaux sont des nutritionnistes depuis que la première cellule assimila des nutriments et se reproduisit à la fin du précambrien, il y a quelques milliards d’années et que les herbivores paissent efficacement depuis 65 millions d’années sans l’assistance des hommes." (Provenza 1995 in: Ruminant Physiology, F. Enke Verlag (ed), Stuttgart (Deu), 233-247).
Les conditions d’élevage placent aujourd’hui l’animal dans des situations différentes selon le type de production. Dans ce dossier deux situations opposées sont décrites. Les conditions hétérogènes du parcours étudiées par Michel Meuret imposent une gestion spatio-temporelle optimale des ressources disponibles. A l’autre extrême les volailles reçoivent un aliment unique dans un environnement simplifié analysé par Michel Picard et al. Entre ces deux situations il existe une communauté d’approche méthodologique que Sophie Prache et Jean-Louis Peyraud illustrent en analysant d’abord la préhension de l’herbe par les ruminants. Au-delà des mécanismes physiologiques de régulation et malgré les particularités de chacune des espèces animales, ces articles montrent qu’il est important de ne pas négliger les aspects de structure et de spatialisation des aliments dans le déterminisme de la prise alimentaire.
Préhensibilité de l’herbe pâturée chez les bovins et les ovins
Authors: PRACHE S. , PEYRAUD J.L.
Published: July 2020

Les contrôles physique et métabolique de l’ingestion sont impliqués dans la régulation des quantités ingérées par le ruminant, au pâturage comme à l’auge. Cependant, le pâturage est plus contraignant, car l’animal doit lui-même aller chercher et récolter sa nourriture, ce qui rajoute un contrôle ’comportemental’ de l’ingestion. La quantité d’herbe récoltée dans chaque bouchée peut ainsi varier dans des proportions très importantes, de 10 à 400 mg MO chez les ovins et de 70 à 1610 mg MO chez les bovins (Hodgson 1986). L’étude des processus de préhension de l’herbe pâturée est donc nécessaire pour mieux comprendre et prédire les quantités ingérées par l’animal, déterminant majeur de ses performances. La préhensibilité d’un couvert végétal traduit sa facilité de préhension par l’animal. Elle s’apprécie le plus souvent à travers les caractéristiques de la bouchée de l’animal, qui est l’unité de base de l’ingestion et constitue la composante la plus importante de la vitesse d’ingestion. Elle dépend essentiellement des caractéristiques du couvert végétal (structure spatiale, propriétés mécaniques et teneur en MS), mais dépend également du type d’animal qui le pâture, par son mode de préhension et ses caractéristiques (format, taille et forme de la bouche).
Donkey Milk Bioactive Proteins and Peptides, Health and Food Applications – A review
Authors: Derdak Reda , Pop Oana Lelia , Sakoui Souraya , Muresan Carmen , Vodnar Dan Cristian , Addoum Boutaina , Suharoschi Ramona , Vulturar Romana , Soukri Abdelaziz , El Khalfi Bouchra
Published: July 2020

Due to its similarity with human milk and its low allergenic properties, donkey milk has long been used as an alternative for infants and patients with cow's milk protein allergy. In addition, this milk is attracting growing interest in human nutrition because of presumed health benefits. It has antioxidant, antimicrobial, antitumoral, antiproliferative, and antidiabetic activity. Also, it stimulates the immune system, regulates the gastrointestinal flora, and prevents inflammatory diseases. Although all components of donkey milk can contribute to functional and nutritional effects, it is generally accepted that the whey protein fraction plays a major role. The purpose of this review is to highlight the active proteins and peptides of donkey milk in comparison with other types of milk, emphasizing their properties and their roles in different fields.
Analyzing COVID-19 Challenges in Bangladesh
Authors: Nath Jayasree , Chowdhury Abdullah Fahim , Nath Amit Kumar
Published: July 2020

Bangladesh is a developing country. The effect of the covid-19 pandemic in Bangladesh is enormous. A research conducted by South Asian network of Economic Modelling predicted that the pandemic could double the poverty. But it is not that only the socioeconomic condition is dropping in Bangladesh, the impact of COVID-19 pandemic is manifold. The poor condition of Bangladesh's health sector has also been exposed due to the pandemic. People are not getting proper treatment due to lack of isolation beds, oxygen, ICU etc. The health sector of Bangladesh is not much developed and now with this pandemic it has become impossible to provide treatment facility for all the patients. Education sector, which is the backbone of a country,has also been greatly affected by the pandemic. We know that different types of cultural occasions are an inherited tradition of Bangladesh, COVID-19 have not even spared these traditions, all the cultural programes and festivals have been cancelled due to this pandemic.In this paper, our aim is to present the present status of all these sectors.
GM2 Gangliosidosis: Clinical Features and Current Therapies
Authors: Leal Andres Felipe , Benincore-Flórez Eliana , Solano-Galarza Daniela , Garzón Jaramillo Rafael Guillermo , Echeverri-Peña Olga Yaneth , Suarez Diego A. , Alméciga-Díaz Carlos , Espejo-Mojica Angela Johana
Published: July 2020

GM2 gangliosidosis are a group of pathologies characterized by GM2 ganglioside accumulation into the lysosome due to mutations on the genes encoding for the β-hexosaminidases subunits or the GM2 activator protein. Three GM2 gangliosidosis have been described: Tay-Sachs disease, Sandhoff disease, and AB variant. Central nervous system dysfunction is the main characteristic of GM2 gangliosidosis patients that include neurodevelopment alterations, neuroinflammation, and neuronal apoptosis. Currently, there is not approved therapy for GM2 gangliosidosis, but different therapeutic strategies have been studied including hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, enzyme replacement therapy, substrate reduction therapy, pharmacological chaperones, and gene therapy. The blood-brain barrier represents a challenge for the development of therapeutic agents for these disorders. In this sense, alternative routes of administration (e.g. intrathecal or intracerebroventricular) have been evaluated, as well as the design of fusion peptides that allow the protein transport from the brain capillaries to the central nervous system. In this review, we outline the current knowledge about clinical and physiopathological findings of GM2 gangliosidosis, as well as the ongoing proposals to overcome some limitations of the traditional alternatives by using novel strategies such as molecular Trojan horses or advanced tools of genome editing.
Advancing Genetic Tools in Streptococcus Pneumoniae
Authors: Echlin Haley , Rosch Jason
Published: July 2020

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the causative agent of a multitude of diseases and further study into its pathogenies is vital. The pneumococcus is genetically malleable and several tools are available to manipulate this pathogen. In this study, we attempted to utilize one such tool, the Sweet Janus cassette, to replace the capsule locus with other capsule loci in our strain background and found that the efficiency of allelic replacement was low and the number of revertant false-positive colonies was high. We determined that the capacity to recombine capsule varied by the initial isolated colony, suggesting that frequency of reversion is dependent on the bacterial cell line. Alternative selection markers may further expand the application of Sweet Janus. We created novel cassettes that utilized chlorinated phenylalanine as an alternative counter-selection agent in conjunction with the Janus or Sweet Janus cassette, providing a new dual or triple selection marker. Moreover, we created cassettes that do not require engineered resistance in the background strain, including both single and dual selection markers. We were able to utilize all constructs in allelic replacement of the capsule loci. These novel constructs provide a new means for generating gene deletions in S. pneumoniae that expand experimental applications.
Cross-Reactivity Between SARS-CoV-2 Proteins and Proteins in Pneumococcal Vaccines May Protect Against Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 Disease and Death
Authors: Root-Bernstein Robert
Published: July 2020

A significant inverse correlation exists between rates of pneumococcal vaccination, at both national and local levels, and symptomatic cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection and death. No correlations exist to BCG, Hib, diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, measles-mumps-rubella, or poliovirus vaccinations. This paper explored the possibility that pneumococcal vaccines contain antigens that might be cross-reactive with SARS-CoV-2 antigens and that such cross-reactive antigens are absent from other vaccines. Comparison of the glycosylation structures of SARS-CoV-2 with the polysaccharide structures of pneumococcal vaccines yielded no obvious similarities. However, while pneumococcal vaccines are primarily composed of capsular polysaccharides, they also contain about three percent protein contaminants, including the pneumococcal surface proteins PsaA, PspA and probably PspC. These proteins have very high degrees of similarity, using very stringent criteria, with several SARS-CoV-2 proteins including the spike protein, membrane protein and replicase 1a. Equivalently similarities were found at statistically significantly lower rates, or were completely absent, among the proteins in diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, measles, mumps, rubella, and poliovirus vaccines. Appropriate data were not available for testing Hib and BCG similarities. Notably, PspA and PspC are highly antigenic and new pneumococcal vaccines based on them are currently in human clinical trials so that their effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 disease is easily testable.
COVID-19: The Rollercoaster of Fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, von Willebrand Factor, P-selectin and Their Interactions with Endothelial Cells, Platelets and Erythrocytes
Authors: Grobler Corlia , Bredenkamp Jhade , Grobbelaar Mireille , Maphumulo Sipho , Laubscher Jaco , Steenkamp Janami , Kell Douglas , Pretorius Etheresia
Published: July 2020

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-Cov-2), coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced infection is strongly associated with various coagulopathies that may result in either bleeding and thrombocytopenia or hypercoagulation and thrombosis. Thrombotic and bleeding or thrombotic pathologies are significant accompaniments to acute respiratory syndrome and lung complications in COVID-19. Thrombotic events and bleeding, often occurs in subjects with weak multiple risk factors and co-morbidities. Of particular interest are the various circulating inflammatory coagulation biomarkers involved directly in clotting, with specific focus on fibrin(ogen), D-dimer, P-selectin and von Willebrand Factor (vWF). Central to activity of these biomarkers are their receptors and signaling pathways on endothelial cells, platelets and erythrocytes. In this review, we discuss vascular implications of COVID-19, and relate this to circulating biomarker, endothelial, erythrocyte and platelet dysfunction. During the progression of the disease, these markers may either be within healthy levels, upregulated or eventually depleted. Most significant is that patients need to be treated early in the disease progression, when high levels of vWF, P-selectin and fibrinogen are present with still low levels of D-dimer. Progression to vWF and fibrinogen depletion with high D-dimer levels and even higher P-selectin levels, followed by the cytokine storm, will be indicative of a poor prognosis. We conclude by looking at point-of-care devises and methodologies in COVID-19 management and suggest that a personalized medicine approach should be considered in the treatment of patients.
Tuning of Molecular Electrostatic Potential Enables Efficient Charge Transport in Crystalline Azaacenes: A Computational Study
Authors: Sosorev Andrey , Dominskiy Dmitry , Chernyshov Ivan , Efremov Roman
Published: July 2020

Chemical versatility of organic semiconductors provides nearly unlimited opportunities for tuning their electronic properties. However, despite decades of research, relationship between molecular structure, molecular packing and charge mobility in these materials remains poorly understood. This reduces the search for high-mobility organic semiconductors to the inefficient trial-and-error approach. For clarifying the abovementioned relationship, investigations of the effect of small changes in the chemical structure on OSs properties are particularly important. In this study, we address computationally the impact of substitution of C-H atom pairs by nitrogen atoms (N-substitution) on molecular properties, molecular packing and charge mobility of crystalline oligoacenes. Besides of decreasing frontier molecular orbital levels, N-substitution dramatically alters molecular electrostatic potential yielding pronounced electron-rich and electron-deficient areas. These changes in the molecular electrostatic potential strengthen face-to-face and edge-to-edge interactions in the corresponding crystals and result in the crossover from the herringbone packing motif to π-stacking. When the electron-rich and electron-deficient areas are large, sharply defined and, probably, have certain symmetry, charge mobility increases up to 3-4 cm2V-1s-1. The results obtained highlight the potential of azaacenes for application in organic electronic devices and are expected to facilitate rational design of organic semiconductors for steady improvement of organic electronics.