bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Milky Way Disk
Authors: Luisi Matteo , Anderson L. D. , Balser Dana S. , Wenger Trey V. , Bania T. M.
Published: November 2017

We analyze the diffuse ionized gas (DIG) in the first Galactic quadrant from

ℓ
=
18
°

to 40° using radio recombination line (RRL) data from the Green Bank Telescope. These data allow us to distinguish DIG emission from H ii region emission and thus study the diffuse gas essentially unaffected by confusion from discrete sources. We find that the DIG has two dominant velocity components, one centered around 100

km

s

−
1

associated with the luminous H ii region W43, and the other centered around 45

km

s

−
1

not associated with any large H ii region. Our analysis suggests that the two velocity components near W43 may be caused by noncircular streaming motions originating near the end of the Galactic bar. At lower Galactic longitudes, the two velocities may instead arise from gas at two distinct distances from the Sun, with the most likely distances being ∼6 kpc for the 100

km

s

−
1

component and ∼12 kpc for the 45

km

s

−
1

component. We show that the intensity of diffuse Spitzer GLIMPSE 8.0 μm emission caused by excitation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is correlated with both the locations of discrete H ii regions and the intensity of the RRL emission from the DIG. This implies that the soft ultraviolet photons responsible for creating the infrared emission have a similar origin as the harder ultraviolet photons required for the RRL emission. The 8.0 μm emission increases with RRL intensity but flattens out for directions with the most intense RRL emission, suggesting that PAHs are partially destroyed by the energetic radiation field at these locations.
Equation of State Dependence of Nonlinear Mode-tide Coupling in Coalescing Binary Neutron Stars
Authors: Zhou Yixiao , Zhang Fan
Published: November 2017

Recently, an instability due to the nonlinear coupling of p-modes to g-modes in tidally deformed neutron stars in coalescing binaries has been studied in some detail. The result is significant because it could influence the inspiral and leave an imprint on the gravitational wave signal that depends on the neutron star equation of state (EOS). Because of its potential importance, the details of the instability should be further elucidated and its sensitivity to the EOS should be investigated. To this end, we carry out a numerical analysis with six representative EOSs for both static and non-static tides. We confirm that the absence of the p-g instability under static tides, as well as its return under non-static tides, is generic across EOSs, and further reveal a new contribution to it that becomes important for moderately high-order p-g pairs (previous studies concentrated on very high order modes), whose associated coupling strength can vary by factors of ∼10–100 depending on the EOS. We find that, for stars with stiffer EOSs and smaller buoyancy frequencies, the instability onsets earlier in the inspiral and the unstable modes grow faster. These results suggest that the instability’s impact on the gravitational wave signal might be sensitive to the neutron star EOS. To fully assess this prospect, future studies will need to investigate its saturation as a function of the EOS and the binary parameters.
Propagation and Interaction Properties of Successive Coronal Mass Ejections in Relation to a Complex Type II Radio Burst
Authors: Liu Ying D. , Zhao Xiaowei , Zhu Bei
Published: November 2017

We examine the propagation and interaction properties of three successive coronal mass ejections (CMEs) from 2001 November 21–22, with a focus on their connection with the behaviors of the associated long-duration complex type II radio burst. In combination with coronagraph and multi-point in situ observations, the long-duration type II burst provides key features for resolving the propagation and interaction complexities of the three CMEs. The two CMEs from November 22 interacted first and then overtook the November 21 CME at a distance of about 0.85 au from the Sun. The timescale for the shock originally driven by the last CME to propagate through the preceding two CMEs is estimated to be about 14 and 6 hr, respectively. We present a simple analytical model without any free parameters to characterize the whole Sun-to-Earth propagation of the shock, which shows a remarkable consistency with all the available data and MHD simulations even out to the distance of Ulysses (2.34 au). The coordination of in situ measurements at the Earth and Ulysses, which were separated by about 71.°4 in latitude, gives important clues for the understanding of shock structure and the interpretation of in situ signatures. The results also indicate a means by which to increase geo-effectiveness with multiple CMEs, which can be considered as another manifestation of the “perfect storm” scenario proposed by Liu et al., although the current case is not “super” in the same sense as the 2012 July 23 event.
An Ultraviolet Survey of Low-redshift Partial Lyman-limit Systems with the HST Cosmic Origins Spectrograph
Authors: Shull J. Michael , Danforth Charles W. , Tilton Evan M. , Moloney Joshua , Stevans Matthew L.
Published: November 2017

We present an ultraviolet spectroscopic survey of strong H i absorbers in the intergalactic medium, probing their evolution over the last 6–7 Gyr at redshifts 0.24 ≤ z ≤ 0.84. We measure column densities N
H i
(cm−2) from the pattern of Lyman-series absorption lines and flux decrement at the Lyman limit (LL) when available. We analyzed 220 H i absorbers in ultraviolet spectra of 102 active galactic nuclei (AGNs) taken by the Cosmic Origins Spectrograph on board the Hubble Space Telescope with G130M/G160M gratings (1134–1795 Å). For 158 absorbers with log N
H i
 ≥ 15, the mean frequency is

d


/

dz
=
4.95
±
0.39

over path length Δz = 31.94 (0.24 ≤ z ≤ 0.84). We identify eight Lyman limit systems (LLS, log N
H i
 ≥ 17.2) and 54 partial systems (pLLS) with 16.0 ≤ log N
H i
 < 17.2. Toward 159 AGNs in the range 0.01 < z
abs < 0.84 with Δz ≈ 48, we find four damped Lyα absorbers (DLA) with

(
d


/

dz
)

DLA

=

0.083

−
0.040

+
0.066

at

〈
z
〉
=
0.18

. The mean LLS frequency in z = 0.24–0.48 is

(
d


/

dz
)

LLS

=

0.36

−
0.13

+
0.20

fitted to

N

(
z
)
=
(

0.25

−
0.09

+
0.13

)
(
1
+
z
)

1.14

. For 54 pLLSs, we find

(
d


/

dz
)

pLLS

=
1.69
±
0.23

at

〈
z
〉
=
0.39

, a frequency consistent with gaseous halo sizes R ≈ 100 h
−1 kpc for (0.3–3L*) galaxies. A maximum-likelihood analysis yields a distribution

f

(
N
,
z
)
=

C

0

N

−
β

(
1
+
z
)

γ

with β = 1.48 ± 0.05 and

γ
=

1.14

−
0.89

+
0.88

for 15 ≤ log N
H i
 ≤ 17.5. The far-UV opacity gradient is d τ
eff/dz ≈ (0.444)(1 + z)1.14 over the range 15 ≤ log N
H i
 ≤ 17, implying mean LyC optical depth τ
eff ≈ 0.3–0.5 toward sources at z = 1–2.
The Properties of the Galactic Hot Gaseous Halo from X-Ray Emission
Authors: Li Yunyang , Bregman Joel
Published: November 2017

The extended hot X-ray emitting gaseous halo of the Milky Way has an optical depth ∼1 for the dominant emission lines of O vii and O viii, which are used to infer the halo properties. To improve on halo gas properties, we treat optical depth effects with a Monte Carlo radiative transfer model, which leads to slightly steeper density profiles (

β
≈
0.5

) than if optical depths effects were ignored. For the preferred model where the halo is rotating on cylinders at 180 km s−1, independent fits to both lines lead to identical results, where the core radius is 2.5 kpc and the turbulent component of the Doppler-b parameter is 100–120 km s−1; the turbulent pressure is 20% of the thermal pressure. The fit is improved when emission from a disk is included, with a radial scale length of 3 kpc (assumed) and a fitted vertical scale height of approximately 1.3 kpc. The disk component is a minor mass constituent and has low optical depth, except at low latitudes. The gaseous mass is

3
–
4
×

10

10

M

⊙

within

250

kpc

, similar to our previous determinations and significantly lower than the mass of the missing baryons, which is

1.7
×

10

11

M

⊙

.
Le financement des établissements de santé par la Tarification à l’Activité : impasses et pistes de solutions
Authors: Hirtzlin Isabelle
Published: November 2017

La tarification basée sur l’activité médicale reposant sur les diagnostics principaux des patients a d’abord été expérimentée par le dispositif Medicare, puis généralisée aux États Unis, avant de se diffuser à la plupart des pays d’Europe de l’Ouest, y compris la France, où elle a pris le nom de Tarification à l’activité à partir de 2008. L’efficience attendue du dispositif repose sur le principe de la concurrence par comparaison. La T2A connaît aujourd’hui des remises en cause liées aux limites de l’application pratique des principes incitatifs théoriques. Des pistes de solutions sont explorées dans cet article. Leur objectif est de réintroduire une composante économique dans le calcul des coûts et de tarifer en fonction des bonnes pratiques. Par ailleurs, comme la prise en charge du patient s’insère dans un établissement de santé il convient de tenir compte de ses contraintes productives et de son organisation.
Les modes de paiements à la coordination : État des lieux et pistes pour une application en France
Authors: Girault Anne , Gervès-Pinquié Chloé , Minvielle Étienne
Published: November 2017

L’émergence de nouveaux modes de paiement occupe une place majeure dans la transformation du système de soins. Parmi eux, les « paiements à la coordination » retiennent l’attention des pouvoirs publics, désireux d’améliorer la coordination des soins. L’objectif de ce travail est de dresser un état des lieux de ces paiements et de proposer des pistes pour leur mise en œuvre dans le contexte français. Pour cela, nous avons conduit une revue intégrative de la littérature à partir des bases de données Medline, Econlit et Cochrane. Nous avons identifié 569 papiers puis, après application de nos critères, notre recherche a finalement inclus 39 papiers. Peu de preuves robustes peuvent, pour le moment, être portées au crédit de ces paiements, malgré quelques signes prometteurs. Les papiers sélectionnés concernaient en grande majorité des expériences aux Etats-Unis. Différents écueils à éviter ont été identifiés concernant notamment le niveau d’intégration des offreurs de soins, la question du transfert de risque du payeur vers les offreurs de soins ainsi que la variabilité des prises en charge. Cette analyse critique a également permis de dessiner les différents jalons pour la construction d’un tel paiement. Une fois le type de paiement choisi et la pathologie ciblée, différentes étapes sont à suivre : définir un parcours standard en collaboration avec les offreurs de soins ; calculer le montant du paiement ; définir des critères qualité qui serviront de variables d’ajustement éventuelles ; et enfin, s’entendre sur la clé de répartition du paiement entre les organisations concernées. De même, des évaluations externes de ces nouveaux modes de paiement sont nécessaires pour tester la valeur-ajoutée du dispositif. L’ensemble constitue des pistes pour une éventuelle application dans le contexte français.
Chapitre 1. De l’étude des risques à la traduction des enjeux éthiques des Big Data en santé
Authors: Béranger J.
Published: November 2017

Les Big Data perturbent sensiblement le microcosme médical allant jusqu’à remettre en question les paradigmes de la Médecine d’Hippocrate telle que nous la connaissons auparavant. Dès lors, une réflexion sur l’étude des risques associée aux enjeux éthiques autour de la donnée de santé à caractère personnel s’impose à nous. Notre étude se base sur de nombreuses enquêtes terrain, des interviews ciblées auprès des différents acteurs, ainsi que sur une recherche bibliographique sur le sujet. Ces travaux ont aboutis à la réalisation d’une méthode innovante sur l’alignement des concepts d’une ontologie des risques à ceux d’une ontologie des exigences d’objectifs éthiques des Big Data en santé. L’objectif est de donner du sens et des recommandations à la réalisation, la mise en place et l’utilisation de la donnée personnelle en santé afin de mieux la contrôler.
Chapitre 3. Comment améliorer le partage des données collectées lors des recherches menées dans les pays à ressources limitées ?
Authors: Longuet Christophe , Fenet Solveig , Hirsch François , Littler Katherine
Published: November 2017

Le Comité d’éthique de l’Inserm, la Fondation Mérieux et le Forum Mondial sur la Bioéthique en Recherche (GFBR) ont réuni lors d’un atelier qui s’est tenu le 5 novembre 2015 aux Pensières, à Annecy, France, plus d’une trentaine de scientifiques et d’éthiciens de plus de vingt pays, dans le but de réfléchir au meilleur partage des données et des échantillons biologiques collectés durant les essais menés dans les pays à ressources limitées. Des propositions ont été faites afin d’améliorer les pratiques des différentes parties prenantes à la recherche scientifique (chercheurs, membres de Comités d’éthique, représentants clés de communautés) et des décideurs (ministres, agences de financement), sur les questions suivantes : Comment favoriser des collaborations scientifiques équitables dans le cadre des projets internationaux ? Comment protéger au mieux les intérêts des participants à la recherche lors du partage des données et des échantillons biologiques ? Comment garantir la bonne information et obtenir le consentement éclairé des personnes de cultures et niveau d’éducation différents ? Dans le cadre de cette publication sur l’utilisation des « big data » en santé, ce compte-rendu de l’atelier du 5 novembre se focalise sur les interventions et aspects concernant le partage des données de la recherche.
Le court-circuitage néolibéral des volontés & des attentions
Authors: Citton Yves
Published: November 2017

Le libéralisme se réfère à la volonté individuelle comme à son principal principe de légitimation. Or toute une série de dispositifs (médicaments, design, algorithmes, priming, nudge ) mis en place sous régime néolibéral tendent à court-circuiter toute capacité de choix délibéré. À quoi ressemble ce néolibéralisme d’après la fin de l’illusion du choix ? En quoi est-il solidaire des dispositifs qui externalisent le travail de notre attention ? Ces court-cicuitages de nos choix et de nos attentions ne relèvent-ils pas eux-mêmes d’une illusion entretenue par les marketeurs d’innovations ?
Le nudge
Authors: Ain Al-Shams Abad
Published: November 2017

Au titre d’un « paternalisme libertarien », certains libéraux proposent de reconsidérer nos interactions sociales du point de vue des « architectures de choix » qui les conditionnent en sous-main à notre insu. La doctrine du «  nudge  » (coup de pouce dans le bon sens) propose une méthode douce d’influencer nos comportements basée sur des conditionnements souvent imperceptibles. Depuis la réforme des systèmes de santé ou de retraite jusqu’à l’organisation spatiale d’une cantine scolaire, le monde social devient le terrain d’exercice d’une activité de design potentiellement omniprésente, supposée bienveillante mais néanmoins inquiétante.
Travail d’édition & écriture algorithmique
Authors: Lorusso Silvio , André Cyril , Esposito-Fava Coline
Published: November 2017

Silvio Lorusso met en place des protocoles éditoriaux qui prennent à rebrousse-poil les logiques fluides permettant aux plateformes de s’infiltrer dans nos désirs et nos comportements. Il en présente quelques exemples dans cet entretien, tout en réfléchissant sur les enjeux plus généraux de ce type d’intervention médiartiviste.
Performance Analysis of 180° HRR Coupler Used for Direction Finding with an Antenna Array
Authors: Shaikh Sarmad Ahmed , Tonello Andrea M.
Published: November 2017

This paper presents the performance analysis of  hybrid rat race coupler, widely used in radio frequency (RF)/wireless communication systems to couple the power in the desired way. The  hybrid ring coupler consists of 4 ports, two for the input signals and two for the output signals, where sum and difference patterns of the applied two signals can be obtained at two output ports and usually called sum and difference ports. In this work, the couplers have been designed and simulated at central frequencies (fo) of 2.4 and 10 GHz using different types of substrates such as RT Duroid 5880 and FR4.  Furthermore, the coupler has been used for direction finding (angle-of-arrival estimation) application, where we combine the designed  hybrid rat race coupler with a simple two antenna elements array  (at fo=10GHz and RT Duroid =2.2) and fabricate the circuit in order to validate the performance of the coupler by measuring the direction of arrival (DoA) from  and  ports. The obtained results show that good performance can be achieved with the designs considered in this paper.
The Dual Nature of Metallothioneins in the Metabolism of Heavy Metals and Reactive Oxygen Species in Aquatic Organisms: Implications of Use as a Biomarker of Heavy-Metal Effects in Field Investigations
Authors: Gagné F. , André C. , Blaise C.
Published: November 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the function of metallothioneins (MT) in respect to the mobilization of heavy metals and superoxide anion (O2–) scavenging in aquatic organisms. Using an O2– generating system, liberation of free zinc from native and zinc MT (Zn-MT) was measured in vitro. Addition of the O2– generating system and H2O2 readily increased the di- and trimeric forms of MT as determined by gel electrophoresis analysis. To determine whether the proportion of oxidized MT could change in contaminated environments, metal-contaminated Mya arenaria clams were collected from a harbour in the St. Lawrence Estuary. The levels of labile zinc, superoxide dismutase (O2– scavenging enzyme), lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the oxidized/metallic form of MT were determined in the digestive gland. The results revealed that the induction of total MT levels was the result of increased oxidized MT at the expense of the reduced or metallic form of MT. Both superoxide dismutase (SOD) and labile zinc (Zn) levels were induced and they were significantly correlated with the oxidized form of MT, but not the metallic form, in feral clam populations. We concluded that the level of total MT was related to Zn mobility and the activation of antioxidant mechanisms such as SOD, and corresponded to the levels of oxidized MT. The metallic form of MT was negatively associated with Zn mobility but positively associated with oxidative damage such as LPO. Overall, the oxidized fraction of MT appeared to be more closely related to detoxification, while the metallic form of MT was associated with metal mobility and toxicity via oxidative damage. The protective effect of MT during heavy-metal contamination depends on the availability of metals and on its capacity to sequester reactive oxygen species.
A 20 Residues Motif Delineates the Furin Cleavage Site and its Physical Properties May Influence Viral Fusion
Authors: Tian Sun
Published: November 2017

Furin is a proprotein convertase that proteolytically cleaves protein precursors to yield functional proteins. Efficient cleavage depends on the presence of a specific sequence motif on the substrate. Currently, the cleavage site motif is described as a four amino acid pattern: R-X-[K/R]-R⇓. However, not all furin cleavage recognition sites can be described by this pattern and not all R-X-[K/R]-R⇓ sites are cleaved by furin. Since many furin substrates are involved in the pathogenesis of viral infection and human diseases, it is important to accurately characterize the furin cleavage site motif. In this study, the furin cleavage site motif was characterized using statistical analysis. The data were interpreted within the 3D crystal structure of the furin catalytic domain. The results indicate that the furin cleavage site motif is comprised of about 20 residues, P14-P6′. Specific physical properties such as volume, charge, and hydrophilicity are required at specific positions. The furin cleavage site motif is divided into two parts: 1) one core region (8 amino acids, positions P6-P2′) packed inside the furin binding pocket; 2) two polar regions (8 amino acids, positions P7–P14; and 4 amino acids, positions P3′-P6′) located outside the furin binding pocket. The physical properties of the core region contribute to the binding strength of the furin substrate, while the polar regions provide a solvent accessible environment and facilitate the accessibility of the core region to the furin binding pocket. This furin cleavage site motif also revealed a dynamic relationship linking the evolution of physical properties in region P1′-P6′ of viral fusion peptides, furin cleavage efficacy, and viral infectivity.
Article Commentary: Capsaicin—the Hot and Spicy Diet Turned Mild and Effective by Glycosylation
Authors: Simonsen Henrik Toft
Published: November 2017

Shimoda and coworkers 1 published a paper on the pharmacological properties of glycosides of the peppery compound capsaicin (1) and its derivative 8-nordihydrocapsaicin (2). In their paper they conclude that the β-glucoside and β-maltoside of 1 and the β-glucoside of 2 still have the same potent anti-obese activity but further studies are needed to determine the physiological effect. Shimoda et al. 1 use glycosylation to make a drug candidate more water soluble to promote their research for new drug candidates within the chemical group of capsaicinoids. Their findings support that this is a plausible way to enhance both bioavailability and “drug-likeliness” properties of drug candidates. This is indeed an interesting approach which should be pursued further and by many more.
Production of (2R,3S)-2-Benzamidomethyl-3-Hydroxybutanoates by Immobilized Plant Cells of Parthenocissus Tricuspidata
Authors: Shimoda Kei , Kubota Naoji , Hamada Hatsuyuki , Kobayashi Tatsunari , Hamada Hiroki , Shafi Siddiqi M. , Nakajima Nobuyoshi
Published: November 2017

Incubation of methyl 2-benzamidomethyl-3-oxobutanoate with cultured plant cells of Parthenocissus tricuspidata for 2 days afforded methyl (2 R,3 S)-2-benzamidomethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate with 100% de and >99% ee in 51% yield. The use of immobilized cells of P. tricuspidata in calcium alginate gel improved the yield of the product (95% yield) with 100% de and >99% ee. The immobilized cells of P. tricuspidata maintained the high potential for the reduction of methyl 2-benzamidomethyl-3-oxobutanoate (85% yield) after 5 times of usage.
Planning for Hospital IT Implementation: A New Look at the Business Case
Authors: Menachemi Nir , Randeree Ebrahim , Burke Darrell E. , Ford Eric W.
Published: November 2017

Compared to organizations in other industries, hospitals are slow to adopt information technology (IT). Those planning for system implementation must understand the barriers to IT adoption which, in healthcare, include the relatively high acquisition and maintenance costs of sophisticated administrative and clinical information systems. Understanding the overall business case is particularly important for hospital IT planners. This paper describes the literature that examines benefits from using health IT. In addition, we focus on a series of studies conducted in Florida that provide generalizable evidence regarding the overall business case associated with hospital adoption for information systems. These studies focus broadly on the improved financial, operational, and clinical performance associated with IT.
Enhancing Disease Surveillance Event Communication among Jurisdictions
Authors: Tabernero Nathaniel R. , Loschen Wayne A. , Jorgensen Joel , Suereth Joshua , Coberly Jacqueline S. , Holtry Rekha S. , Sikes Marvin L. , Babin Steven M. , Lewis Sheryl L. Happel
Published: November 2017

Automated disease surveillance systems are becoming widely used by the public health community. However, communication among non-collocated and widely dispersed users still needs improvement. A web-based software tool for enhancing user communications was completely integrated into an existing automated disease surveillance system and was tested during two simulated exercises and operational use involving multiple jurisdictions. Evaluation of this tool was conducted by user meetings, anonymous surveys, and web logs. Public health officials found this tool to be useful, and the tool has been modified further to incorporate features suggested by user responses. Features of the automated disease surveillance system, such as alerts and time series plots, can be specifically referenced by user comments. The user may also indicate the alert response being considered by adding a color indicator to their comment. The web-based event communication tool described in this article provides a common ground for collaboration and communication among public health officials at different locations.
Breath Hydrogen Produced by Ingestion of Commercial Hydrogen Water and Milk
Authors: Shimouchi Akito , Nose Kazutoshi , Yamaguchi Makoto , Ishiguro Hiroshi , Kondo Takaharu
Published: November 2017

Objective

To compare how and to what extent ingestion of hydrogen water and milk increase breath hydrogen in adults.

Methods

Five subjects without specific diseases, ingested distilled or hydrogen water and milk as a reference material that could increase breath hydrogen. Their end-alveolar breath hydrogen was measured.

Results

Ingestion of hydrogen water rapidly increased breath hydrogen to the maximal level of approximately 40 ppm 10–15 min after ingestion and thereafter rapidly decreased to the baseline level, whereas ingestion of the same amount of distilled water did not change breath hydrogen (p < 0.001). Ingestion of hydrogen water increased both hydrogen peaks and the area under the curve (AUC) of breath hydrogen in a dose-dependent manner. Ingestion of milk showed a delayed and sustained increase of breath hydrogen in subjects with milk intolerance for up to 540 min. Ingestion of hydrogen water produced breath hydrogen at AUC levels of 2 to 9 ppm hour, whereas milk increased breath hydrogen to AUC levels of 164 ppm hour for 540 min after drinking.

Conclusion

Hydrogen water caused a rapid increase in breath hydrogen in a dose-dependent manner; however, the rise in breath hydrogen was not sustained compared with milk.
A Cancer Gene Therapy Approach that Targets Tumor-associated Hyaluronan
Authors: Dougherty Shona T. , Dougherty Graeme J.
Published: November 2017

The extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan plays a key role in the development and pathogenesis of malignant disease. Reflecting its functional importance, the molecule is expressed at greatly elevated levels within many solid tumors. Although little explored, differences in the level of hyaluronan present in normal and malignant tissues could potentially be exploited to more effectively target gene therapy to tumor sites in vivo. As a first step toward this goal, we describe here a family of chimeric proteins in which the extracellular ligand-binding domain of the hyaluronan receptor CD44 is fused in-frame to the cytoplasmic “death domain” of the pro-apoptotic protein Fas. Although these chimeric proteins can be stably expressed on the surface of transduced tumor cells in the absence of hyaluronan, upon interaction with the ligand, apoptosis is rapidly induced. Both exogenous and endogenous tumor produced hyaluronan can function as triggers, dramatically reducing clonogenic potential. Together, these studies help validate a broadly applicable gene therapy approach in which the presence of particular multivalent ligands within the tumor microenvironment can be exploited for therapeutic gain.
An Evidence-Based Approach to Plum Pox Virus Detection by DASI-ELISA and RT-PCR in Dormant Period
Authors: Olmos Antonio , Bertolini Edson , Capote Nieves , Cambra Mariano
Published: November 2017

An evidence-based approach, such as those developed in clinical and veterinary medicine, was applied to the detection of Plum pox virus (PPV) during the dormant period. A standardized methodology was used for the calculation of parameters of the operational capacity of DASI-ELISA and RT-PCR in wintertime. These methods are routinely handled to test the sanitary status of plants in national or international trading and in those cases concerning export-import of plant materials. Diagnosis often has to be performed during the dormant period, when plant material is commercialized. Some guidelines to interpret diagnostic results of wintertime are provided in an attempt to minimize risks associated with the methods and over-reliance on the binary outcome of a single assay. In order to evaluate if a complementary test increased the confidence of PPV diagnosis when discordant results between DASI-ELISA and RT-PCR are obtained, NASBA-FH also was included. Likelihood ratios of each method were estimated based on the sensitivity and specificity obtained in wintertime. Subsequently, a Bayesian approach was performed to calculate post-test probability of PPV infection in spring. Results of evidence-based approach show that different PPV prevalences require different screening tests. Thus, at very low PPV prevalence levels DASI-ELISA should be used as the election method, whilst at the highest PPV prevalence levels RT-PCR should be performed. NASBA-FH could be used at medium prevalences to clarify discordances between DASI-ELISA and RT-PCR.
Identification of Rotavirus VP6-Specific CD4+ T Cell Epitopes in a G1P[8] Human Rotavirus-Infected Rhesus Macaque
Authors: Zhao Wei , Pahar Bapi , Sestak Karol
Published: November 2017

A non-human primate model was used to evaluate its potential for identification of rotavirus viral protein 6 (VP6) CD4+ T cell epitopes. Four juvenile rhesus macaques were inoculated with a mixed inoculum (G1P[8] and G9P[8]) of human rotaviruses. Infection accompanied by G1P[8] shedding was achieved in the two macaques that had no rotavirus immunoglobulin A (IgA) in plasma. To measure the interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) anti-viral cytokines produced by peripheral CD4+ cells that recognize VP6 epitopes, whole blood cells from one infected macaque were stimulated in vitro with VP6 peptides. Stimulation with peptide pools derived from the simian rotavirus VP6161–395 region revealed reactivity of CD4+ T cells with the VP6281–331 domain. A VP6301–315 region was identified as the epitope responsible for IFN-γ production while a broader VP6293–327 domain was linked to TNF production. These results suggest that human rotavirus-infected macaques can be used for identification of additional epitopes and domains to address specific questions related to the development of pediatric vaccines.
Characterization of Non-Conserved HLA-A*0201 Binding T cell Epitopes of JC Virus T Antigen
Authors: Li Jongming , Wagner John L. , Mookerjee Bijoyesh
Published: November 2017

JC virus-specific CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes are associated with a favorable outcome in patients with progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy. However, very few JC virus T cell epitopes restricted to MHC class I have been defined. Of the two HLA-A*0201-restricted JCV epitopes, VP1p36 and VP1p100, studies have shown that they are conserved T cell epitopes of polyomaviruses. The cross-recognition associated to these epitopes has complicated the efforts of understanding the dynamics of immune response to JC virus. Based on the previously identified HLA-A*0201 binding T cell epitope of Simian virus 40 T antigen P281–289 (KCDDVLLLL) and BK virus T antigen P558–566 (SLQNSEFLL), T cell epitopes of JC Virus T antigen P282–290 (KCEDVFLLM) and P557–565 (SLSCSEYLL) were identified. In this report, we demonstrated that JC Virus P282–290 and P557–565 were able to stimulate T cell responses in healthy donors’ PBMCs and CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes raised with both peptides could recognize and lyse their targets. Most importantly, there were no T cell cross-recognitions between JC Virus, BK Virus and SV40 virus. Therefore, JCV T-ag epitopes P282–290 and P557–565 could be better antigen epitopes compared to VP1p36 and VP1p100 to study the dynamics of cellular immune response to JCV in PML patients. In addition, as a HLA-A*0201 binding T cell epitope, both peptides could be a valuable component of immunotherapies aiming at increasing the cellular immune response against JCV for the treatment of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy.
ANÁLISIS DE LA COLABORACIÓN CIENTÍFICA EN LA UNIVERSIDAD POLITÉCNICA DE VALENCIA
Authors: Fombuena Arnau
Published: November 2017

The work presented in this paper is focused on employing maps for the visualization of the collaboration network of the Polytechnic University of Valencia (Spain). In this paper, a collaboration is understood as the scientific publications where at least one author is affiliated in the aforementioned university. Furthermore, a visual analysis using the maps created is performed with the goal of observing the proximity of the institutions collaborating with said university, the intensity of said collaborations, and supporting future decision-making processes for new research projects.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6538
ANÁLISIS DE COMPONENTES PRINCIPALES DE IMÁGENES MULTIESPECTRALES EN EL ÁMBITO DEL ARTE RUPESTRE
Authors: Carrión-Ruiz Berta , Lerma José Luis
Published: November 2017

This paper tackles principal component analysis (PCA) in images that include wavelengths between 380-1000 nm. Our approach is focussed on taking advantage of the potencial of ultraviolet and infrarred images, in combination with the visible ones, to improve documentation process and rock art analysis. In this way, we want to improve the discrimination between pigment and support rock, and analyse the spectral behaviour of rock art paintings in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. Three images were used, one image from the ultraviolet (UV) region, one from the visible region (VIS) and another one from the near infrared region (NIR). Optical filters coupled to the camera optics were used to take the images. These filters capture specific wavelengths excluding radiation that we are not interested in registering. Finally, PCA is applied to the acquired images. The results obtained demonstrate the PCA usefulness with imagery in this field and also it is possible to extract some conclusions about the correspondent paint pigments.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6597
EPOS (EUROPEAN PLATE OBSERVATION SYSTEM)
Authors: Fernández José , Gallart Josep , Carbonell Ramón , Díaz Jordi , Villaseñor Antonio , Azor Antonio , Gonzalez-Matesanz Francisco J. , Geyer Adelina , Curto Juan J. , Mattesini Maurizio , Rodríguez-Fernández Roberto , Fernández-Turiel José L.
Published: November 2017

EPOS (European Plate Observation System) (https://www.epos-ip.org/) is now established as the only European multidisciplinary and global research infrastructure in Earth Sciences. It integrates several hundred national observatories for the observation and measurement of the internal and dynamic structure of the planet, and in particular in Europe, distributed in 25 European countries, including Spain. The EPOS project, included in the 2008 ESFRI Roadmap, has been recognized by ESFRI in 2016 as a priority project for its implementation, because of its strategic relevance in the European Research Area.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6615
DOCUMENTACIÓN 3D DE LA COVA DELS CAVALLS Y DE SU ENTORNO (TÍRIG, CASTELLÓN)
Authors: Cabrelles Miriam , Lerma José Luis
Published: November 2017

Archaeological cultural heritage is a precious resource that should be transmitted to future generations. The 3D digital representation of monuments and sites has proven to be a reliable method for this aim. This article shows the geomatics workflow undertaken for the complex rock art documentation of the Cova dels Cavalls (Tírig, Castellón). The paintings are part of the Rock art of the Mediterranean Basin of the Iberian Peninsula declared a UNESCO’s World Heritage Site in 1998. The various stages are reviewed, from the acquisition phase up to the delivery of part of the derived metric products, such as 3D models and photorealistic models.http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/CIGeo2017.2017.6627
Evaluating the Impact of Energy-Aware Routing on Software-Defined Networking Performance
Authors: Fernández-Fernández Adriana , Cervelló-Pastor Cristina , Ochoa-Aday Leonardo
Published: November 2017

Increasing power consumption and CO2 emissions generated by large data networks have become a major concern over the last decade. For this problem, the emerging paradigm of Software-Defined Networks (SDN) can be seen as an attractive solution. In these networks an energy-aware routing model could be easily implemented leveraging the control and data plane separation. This paper investigates the impact of energy-aware routing on SDN performance. To that end, we propose a novel energy- aware mechanism that reduces the number of active links in SDN with multiple controllers, considering in-band control traffic, i.e. links are shared between data and control plane traffic. The proposed strategy exploits knowledge of the network topology combined with traffic engineering techniques to reduce the overall power consumption. Therefore, two heuristic algorithms are designed: a static network configuration and a dynamic energy-aware routing. Significant values of switched-off links are reached in the simulations using real topologies and demands data. Moreover, obtained results confirm that crucial network parameters such as control traffic delay, data path latency, link utilization and TCAM occupation are affected by the performance-agnostic energy-aware model.
Establecimiento de claves seguro mediante códigos sonoros en dispositivos móviles
Authors: Agudo Isaac , Tueros Ricardo Ruiz
Published: November 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo ha sido investigar el uso de canales sonoros para el intercambio de claves en teléfonos inteligentes. Para ello, se ha realizado un diseño y un análisis del problema a resolver, teniendo en cuenta factores como la necesidad de sincronización, los parámetros de escucha, la longitud de la clave que podemos obtener, los ataques a los que sería vulnerable el protocolo, la necesidad de cierta persistencia a nivel local, el uso de la nube, etc.Se ha realizado un análisis de  tecnologías relacionadas, eligiendo aquellas que mejor se adaptan a los requisitos del problema y se ha implementado un prototipo capaz de realizar un intercambio de claves y autenticar mutuamente a un par de dispositivos, creando así un canal seguro a través del cual puedan comunicarse en el futuro, sin necesidad de que una tercera parte confiable que certifique la identidad de las partes.
Entorno de simulación distribuida de redes basado en la nube computacional
Authors: Serrano Iglesias Sergio , Gómez Sanchez Eduardo , Bote Lorenzo Miguel Luis , Asensio Pérez Juan Ignacio , Rodríguez Cayetano Manuel
Published: November 2017

Las simulaciones de barridos de parámetros tienen un gran potencial en el estudio de redes telemáticas, especialmente en contextos docentes. Sin embargo, el elevado tiempo necesario habitualmente para completar este tipo de simulaciones es una limitación importante para su uso. En este artículo se propone DNSE3, un entorno que permite la ejecución distribuida de tareas de simulación en el simulador ns-3 dentro de un entorno de nube computacional, a través de una arquitectura de servicios RESTful. El sistema se ha diseñado para ser autoescalable, aprovisionando y liberando dinámicamente recursos de la nube computacional en función de la carga de simulaciones demandada, y garantizando un reparto equitativo de los recursos entre los distintos usuarios. Además, DNSE3 se ha implementado reutilizando servicios presentes en \emph{middlewares} de nube populares, y ha sido evaluado mediante pruebas sintéticas. La implementación de DNSE3 ha demostrando un correcto comportamiento funcional y un rendimiento considerablemente superior a otras alternativas cuando el número de simulaciones es muy elevado.
Throughput Analysis and Optimization of Multi-layer FFR-aided OFDMA Networks
Authors: Garcia-Morales Jan , Femenias Guillem , Riera-Palou Felip
Published: November 2017

In OFDMA networks, the use of universal frequency reuse plans improves cell capacity but causes very high levels of inter-cell interference (ICI), particularly affecting users located in the cell-edge regions.In order to mitigate ICI while achieving high spectral efficiencies, fractional frequency reuse (FFR) shows a good tradeoff between cell-edge throughput and overall cell spectral efficiency.Recently, multi-layer FFR-aided OFDMA-based designs, splitting the cell into inner, middle and outer layers have been proposed and studied with the aim of increasing the spectrum utilization and improving the user fairness throughout the cell.This paper presents an analytical framework allowing the performance evaluation and optimization of multi-layer FFR designs in OFDMA-based networks.Tractable mathematical expressions of the average cell throughput as well as the layer spectral efficiency have been derived for both proportional fair (PF) and round robin (RR) scheduling policies.
Mitigando Efectos Adversos de Interrupciones del Servicio de Video-vigilancia del Hogar en Clientes WiFi inalámbricos
Authors: Suarez Alvaro , Gualotuña Tatiana , Macias Elsa , Fonseca Rodrigo , Ribadaneira Andrés
Published: November 2017

Actualmente los sistemas de videovigilancia en el Hogar se pueden combinar con sensores para formar un sistema de muy bajo coste y fácil manejo por parte del usuario final. Un componente importante en este sistema es el servidor de video streaming en tiempo real a clientes Web que usan Wireless Fidelity. El servidor se puede instalar en open hardware como el Raspberry Pi y se puede ayudar de sensores arduino para detectar alarmas de intrusión o condiciones domóticas adversas en el Hogar. Sin embargo, el Wireless Fidelity tiene conocidos problemas que provoca interrupciones esporádicas e impredecibles del servicio de video y de poca duración que provocan la pérdida de frames de video clave para observar el estado del hogar en un momento dado, mientras el cliente se mueve (después de recibir una alarma). Mitigar los efectos adversos de estas interrupciones es una tarea complicada que hemos trabajado durante años. La novedad es que ahora construimos u sistema de open hardware embebida y de bajo coste (con utilidad práctica a los ciudadanos), y software libre íntegramente basado en servicios Web que es interoperable y basado en ontologías (para incluir decisiones sofisticadas, smart, de reconectar el servicio interrumpido). El elevado valor de parámetros de calidad de experiencia de usuario avalan los buenos resutlados alcanzados.
Sistema videowall de bajo coste basado en Raspberry Pi, personalizable y configurable dinámica y remotamente vía Web
Authors: Boronat Fernando , Salvador Pau , Montagud Mario , Marfil Daniel
Published: November 2017

En este artículo se presenta una propuesta de sistema videowall, tanto con distribución uniforme como disforme, formado por dispositivos de bajo coste, personalizable y configurable dinámica y remotamente vía Web. Se han analizado los sistemas de videowall existentes y las diferentes posibilidades en cuanto a su desarrollo con dispositivos de bajo coste. Se ha optado por la utilización de Raspberry Pi como dispositivo hardware y OMXPlayer como software reproductor multimedia. La sincronización entre los diferentes reproductores se consigue mediante el uso de una señal de reloj común y el intercambio de mensajes de control entre dispositivos, así como adoptando técnicas (agresivas y suavizadas) de ajuste de los procesos de reproducción. El sistema incluye una interface web muy amigable que facilita su gestión y control de manera remota.
Unveiling aerosol–cloud interactions – Part 1: Cloud contamination in satellite products enhances the aerosol indirect forcing estimate
Authors: Christensen Matthew W. , Neubauer David , Poulsen Caroline A. , Thomas Gareth E. , McGarragh Gregory R. , Povey Adam C. , Proud Simon R. , Grainger Roy G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Increased concentrations of aerosol can enhance the albedo of warm low-level cloud. Accurately quantifying this relationship from space is challenging due in part to contamination of aerosol statistics near clouds. Aerosol retrievals near clouds can be influenced by stray cloud particles in areas assumed to be cloud-free, particle swelling by humidification, shadows and enhanced scattering into the aerosol field from (3-D radiative transfer) clouds. To screen for this contamination we have developed a new cloud–aerosol pairing algorithm (CAPA) to link cloud observations to the nearest aerosol retrieval within the satellite image. The distance between each aerosol retrieval and nearest cloud is also computed in CAPA. Results from two independent satellite imagers, the Advanced Along-Track Scanning Radiometer (AATSR) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), show a marked reduction in the strength of the intrinsic aerosol indirect radiative forcing when selecting aerosol pairs that are located farther away from the clouds (−0.28±0.26 W m−2) compared to those including pairs that are within 15 km of the nearest cloud (−0.49±0.18 W m−2). The larger aerosol optical depths in closer proximity to cloud artificially enhance the relationship between aerosol-loading, cloud albedo, and cloud fraction. These results suggest that previous satellite-based radiative forcing estimates represented in key climate reports may be exaggerated due to the inclusion of retrieval artefacts in the aerosol located near clouds.
Stomatal control of leaf fluxes of carbonyl sulfide and CO2 in a Typha freshwater marsh
Authors: Sun Wu , Maseyk Kadmiel , Lett Céline , Seibt Ulli
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is an emerging tracer to constrain land photosynthesis at canopy to global scales, because leaf COS and CO2 uptake processes are linked through stomatal diffusion. The COS tracer approach requires knowledge of the concentration normalized ratio of COS uptake to photosynthesis, commonly known as the leaf relative uptake (LRU). LRU is known to vary with light, but the environmental controls over LRU variability in the field are poorly understood due to scant leaf scale observations. Here we present the first direct observations of the LRU versus light relationship in the field. We measured leaf COS and CO2 fluxes at a freshwater marsh in summer 2013. Daytime leaf COS and CO2 uptake showed similar peaks in the mid-morning and late afternoon, separated by a midday depression, highlighting the common stomatal control on COS and CO2 diffusion. At night, in contrast to CO2, COS uptake continued, indicating partially open stomata. LRU ratios showed a clear relationship with photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), converging to 1.0 at high PAR, while increasing sharply at low PAR. Daytime integrated LRU ranged from 1 to 1.5, with a mean of 1.2 across the campaign, significantly lower than the mean value reported from laboratory measurements (~ 1.6). Our results indicate two major determinants of LRU–light and vapor pressure deficit (or evaporative demand). Light is the primary driver of LRU because CO2 reactions are light limited but the COS reaction is not. In a secondary effect, high evaporative demand tends to reduce LRU values. During periods of high evaporative demand, leaves conserve water by partial stomatal closure. This reduces COS uptake more than CO2 uptake because stomatal resistance is a more dominant component in the COS diffusional pathway. High evaporative demand usually coincides with high PAR, leading to the lowest observed LRU in the afternoon. Our findings illustrate the stomatal coupling of COS and CO2 uptake during the most photosynthetically active period in the field, and provide important characterization of LRU, a key parameter to support the use of COS as a photosynthetic tracer.