bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mechanism for acetate formation in electrochemical CO(2) reduction on Cu: Selectivity with potential, pH and nanostructuring
Authors: Heenen Hendrik H. , Shin Haeun , Kastlunger Georg , Overa Sean , Gauthier Joseph A. , Jiao Feng , Chan Karen
Published: May 2022

Nanostructured Cu catalysts have increased the selectivities and geometric activities for high value C-C coupled (C2) products (ethylene, acetate, and ethanol) in the electrochemical CO(2) reduction reaction (CO(2)RR). The selectivity among the high-value C2 products is also altered, where for instance the yield of acetate increases with alkalinity and is dependent on the catalyst morphology. The reaction mechanisms behind the selectivity towards acetate vs. other C2 products remain controversial. In this work, we elucidate the reaction mechanism towards acetate by using ab-initio simulations, a coupled kinetic-transport model, and loading experiments. We find that trends in acetate selectivity can be rationalized from variations in electrolyte pH and the local mass transport properties of the catalyst and not from changes of Cu's intrinsic activity. The selectivity mechanism originates in the transport of ketene, a stable (closed shell) intermediate, away from the catalyst surface into solution where it reacts to acetate. While such a mechanism has not yet been discussed in CO(2)RR, variants of it may explain similar selectivity fluctuations observed for other stable intermediates like CO and acetaldehyde. Our proposed mechanism suggests that acetate selectivity increases with increasing pH, decreasing catalyst roughness and significantly varies with applied potential.
Assessing the performance of ΔSCF and the diagonal second-order self-energy approximation for calculating vertical core excitation energies
Authors: Zamani Abdulrahman Y. , Hratchian Hrant P.
Published: May 2022

Vertical core excitation energies are obtained using a combination of the ΔSCF method and the diagonal second-order (D2) self-energy approximation. These methods are applied to a set of neutral molecules and their anionic forms. An assessment of the results with the inclusion of relativistic effects is presented. The importance of both correlation and relaxation contributions to the vertical core-excited state energies, the concept of local and non-local core orbitals, and the consequences of breaking symmetry are discussed.
Nutrient recovery from wastewater in India: A perspective from mass and energy balance for a sustainable circular economy
Authors: Gowd Sarath C. , Kumar Deepak , Lin Richen , Rajendran Karthik
Published: May 2022

Limited phosphorus availability and increased eutrophication (due to discharge of nitrogen) have pushed everyone to rethink, on how to recover these nutrients. Wastewater (WW) is a potential source to recover N, and P, whereas in India, it is scarcely explored. In this work, four different nutrient recovery methods were compared from a mass- and energy- balance perspective to understand the overall process flow. From 1000-m3 WW, chemical precipitation yielded 33.8 kg struvite, while micro-algae resulted in 299.1 kg (dry powder). Energy consumption was lowest for the fuel cells at 216.2 kWh/1000m3, while microalgae used the highest energy at 943.3 kWh/1000m3. Nonetheless, cost-saving analysis showed that microalgae (78.6$/1000 m3) as a nutrient recovery choice, had higher savings than any other methods compared. For a country like India, where the two-thirds of urban wastewater is untreated, wastewater-biorefinery options such as nutrient recovery hold the key for a sustainable circular economy.
Principles of Alternating Access in LeuT-fold Transporters: Commonalities and Divergences
Authors: del Alamo Diego , Meiler Jens , Mchaourab Hassane
Published: May 2022

Found in all domains of life, transporters belonging to the LeuT-fold class mediate the import and exchange of hydrophilic and charged compounds such as amino acids, metals, and sugar molecules. Nearly two decades of investigations on the eponymous bacterial transporter LeuT have yielded a library of high-resolution snapshots of its conformational cycle linked by solution-state experimental data obtained from multiple techniques. In parallel, its topology has been observed in symporters and antiporters characterized by a spectrum of substrate specificities and coupled to gradients of distinct ions. Here we review and compare mechanistic models of transport for LeuT, its well-studied homologs as well as functionally distant members of the fold, emphasizing the commonalities and divergences in alternating access and the corresponding energy landscapes. Our integrated summary illustrates how fold conservation, a hallmark of the LeuT-fold, coincides with divergent choreographies of alternating access that nevertheless capitalize on recurrent structural motifs.
A Classification Schema for Designing Augmented Reality Experiences
Authors: Bangay Shaun , McKenzie Sophie
Published: May 2022

Aim/Purpose: Designing augmented reality (AR) experiences for education, health or entertainment involves multidisciplinary teams making design decisions across several areas. The goal of this paper is to present a classification schema that describes the design choices when constructing an AR interactive experience.

Background: Existing extended reality schema often focuses on single dimensions of an AR experience, with limited attention to design choices. These schemata, combined with an analysis of a diverse range of AR applications, form the basis for the schema synthesized in this paper.

Methodology: An extensive literature review and scoring of existing classifications were completed to enable a definition of seven design dimensions. To validate the design dimensions, the literature was mapped to the seven-design choice to represent opportunities when designing AR iterative experiences.

Contribution: The classification scheme of seven dimensions can be applied to communicating design considerations and alternative design scenarios where teams of domain specialists need to collaborate to build AR experiences for a defined purpose.

Findings: The dimensions of nature of reality, location (setting), feedback, objects, concepts explored, participant presence and interactive agency, and style describe features common to most AR experiences. Classification within each dimension facilitates ideation for novel experiences and proximity to neighbours recommends feasible implementation strategies.

Recommendations for Practitioners: To support professionals, this paper presents a comprehensive classification schema and design rationale for AR. When designing an AR experience, the schema serves as a design template and is intended to ensure comprehensive discussion and decision making across the spectrum of design choices.

Recommendations for Researchers: The classification schema presents a standardized and complete framework for the review of literature and AR applications that other researchers will benefit from to more readily identify relevant related work.

Impact on Society: The potential of AR has not been fully realized. The classification scheme presented in this paper provides opportunities to deliberately design and evaluate novel forms of AR experience.

Future Research: The classification schema can be extended to include explicit support for the design of virtual and extended reality applications.
Effects of Renovation on Ventilation and Energy Saving in Residential Building
Authors: Okpalike Cyriacus , Okeke Francis O. , Ezema Emmanuel C. , Oforji Peter I. , Igwe Ajuluchukwu E.
Published: May 2022

Renovation usually increases the aesthetic and market value of buildings. Consequently, with the rapid growth of the city's population and skyrocketing demand for decent housing, the current trend of building conversion and renovation of existing and dilapidated property stock within city centres has become rampant. The rise in demand has pushed beyond the boundaries that every real estate investor wants to maximize profit, and it has resulted in the prevalence of uncontrolled building development, land use conversion, and non-compliance with building requirements, etc. Renovations that involve changes in building elements (especially the window system) that can influence energy saving and ventilation efficiency have thus become very common. However, the effects of building renovations on ventilation and energy efficiency have not been fully examined, particularly in Enugu (Nigeria), a rapidly growing colonial metropolis. This research employed a qualitative research approach to investigate the effects of building renovation on ventilation and energy saving in Achara layout, Enugu City, Nigeria. Four blocks of flat residential buildings were the derived sample size using a judgmental sampling technique. Physical measurements, an observation schedule, and oral interviews with site workers centred on window size, area, property, and fenestration type were used to collect empirical data involving the window system. The result reveals a very significant difference between the as-built and renovated window design systems of all studied variables. Its conclusion hinged on the fact that a renovated structure does not encourage effective natural ventilation and hence will consume more energy in cooling and lighting. It recommends the re-introduction of appropriate window systems and construction techniques for the tropical environment to reduce heat stress build-up within building units. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-SP2021-07-09 Full Text: PDF
Keratoconus. Its prevalence and severity in spring catarrh patients. A Perspective study.
Authors: Mohammad Alam  , Lal Mohammad
Published: May 2022

Objectives: To find out the prevalence and severity of keratoconus in spring catarrh patients. Study Design: Descriptive and Perspective study. Setting: OPD K.D.A Teaching Hospital Kohat. Period: March 2017 to October 2019. Material & Methods: All patients suffering from spring catarrh were included in the study after consent. Proper proforma was designed for record. Detail history was taken and for diagnosis all the patients were properly examined with slit lamp. Visual acuity was checked. Radioscopy for irregular scissor reflex and fundoscopy for oil droplet sign for keratoconus was carried out. Keratometry was done to determine the astigmatism and severity of keratoconus Grading of keratoconus was done by the highest axis of corneal power on keratometry as mild (< 48 D), moderate (48-54 D) and severe (> 54 D). Suspected cases were advised corneal topography. Total 480 patients were included in the study. Out of these 480 patients 295 (61.45%) were male and 185 (38.54%) female. The age range of patients was 9 to 37 years. Results: Out of 480 patients, 47(9.79%) patients had keratoconus in which 36(76.59%) were male and 11(23.40%) were female. Out of 47 patients 19 (40.42%) had mild, 22(46.80%) had moderate and 6(12.76%) patients had severe keratoconus. Conclusion: Keratoconus has strong association with spring catarrh.
Prevalence and risk factors of systemic hypertension among children.
Authors: Fazal ur Rehman  , Khurram Shahnawaz  , Farhan Zahoor  , Bushra Madni  , Muhammad Imran  , Muhammad Naveed
Published: May 2022

Objective: To find out the prevalence and risk factors of systemic hypertension. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatrics, Sughra Shafi Medical Complex, Sahara Medical College, Narowal. Period: July 2020 to June 2021. Material & Methods: A total of 298 children of both gender aged 4-12 years, visiting pediatric outpatient department of the study institution were enrolled. A child was labeled as normotensive if blood pressure (BP) measurement was below 90th percentile, pre-hypertensive if BP between 90th to 95th percentile and hypertensive if BP more than 95th percentile. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. Results: In a total of 298 children, 171(57.4%) were male. Overall, mean age was found to be 7.6+2.1 years while 159 (53.4%) were below 7 years of age. Majority of the children, 166 (55.7%) belonged to rural areas of residence. Family history of hypertension was noted in 150 (50.3%) children. Hypertension was found in 56 (18.8%) children, pre-hypertension in 9 (3.0%) while remaining 233 (78.2%) children were normotensive. Age less than 7 years (p=0.0023), overweight/obesity (p=0.0026) or family history of hypertension (p=0.0118) were found to have significant association with hypertension. Conclusion: High prevalence of systemic hypertension was noted in children. Younger age, high body mass index and family history of hypertension were found to be significantly associated with hypertension.
Soil Properties and Zinc Bio Availability as Affected by Zinc Sources, Organics and Microbial Inoculant in a Sandy Clay Loam Soil
Authors:   *Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, D Selvi ,   *Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, T Chitdeshwari ,   *Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry,Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore-641003, D Balachandar ,   Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University ,  Coimbatore- 641 003
Published: May 2022

The studyaimed to evaluate the efficiencyof different sources of Zinc and organic manures with and without microbial inoculants on the bioavailability of Zinc in soil. Four different zinc sources namely ZnSO4, ZnPO4, ZnO, and Zn-EDTA, and two organic manures viz., farm yard manure (FYM) and Vermicompost (VC) were evaluated in the presence and absence of Zinc Solubilizing Bacteria (ZSB). Among the different combinations of the above factors, ZnSO4+FYM+ZSB combination recorded a maximum reduction in pH (6.82) whereas, ZnSO4+Vermicompost+ZSB recorded the highest Electrical Conductivity (EC) (0.4 dSm-1). Regarding DTPA-Zn availability Zn-EDTA recorded the highest concentration in soil both as a sole and combined application with organic and microbes. The dehydrogenase activity was upsurged in organic applied treatments and was less in fertilizer applied treatments. Zinc oxide recorded maximum dissolution efficiency compared to other sources of Zinc.
ANALISIS USAHA PERIKANAN PANCING TUNA DI KECAMATAN AMAHAI KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Waileruny Welem , Kesaulya Taufiniringsih , M Yuli
Published: May 2022

One of the fishery commodities with high economic value as an export product of Central Maluku Regency is tuna. Tuna catching in Central Maluku Regency generally uses a trolley fishing gear. Amahai District is one of the tuna-producing areas in Central Maluku. In tuna fishing activities, financial analysis is important for business sustainability and the welfare of fishing communities. This study aims to analyze costs and revenues as well as business feasibility. The research was conducted in September-December 2019 in Amahai District, Central Maluku Regency. The data collection method used purposive sampling through observation and interviews. The data obtained were analyzed using financial analysis by calculating income and business feasibility, then discussed them descriptively. The results showed that the average profit per month was IDR.3,036,733/unit ship, the investment payback period is less than one year. This business is feasible to develop because it has a positive NPV value, Net B/C and Gross B/C greater than 1.

 

ABTSRAK

Salah satu komiditi perikanan dengan nilai ekonomis tinggi sebagai produk ekspor Kabupaten Maluku Tengah adalah ikan tuna. Usaha pernangkapan ikan tuna di Kabupaten Maluku Tengah umumnya menggunakan alat tangkap pancing tonda. Kecamatan Amahai merupakan salah satu daerah penghasil ikan tuna di Maluku Tengah. Pada kegiatan perikanan tangkap tuna, analisis finansial penting dilakukan untuk keberlanjutan usaha serta kesejahteraan masyarakat nelayan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya dan pendapatan serta kelayakan usaha perikanan pancing tuna. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September-Desember 2019 di Kecamatan Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan purposive samplingmelalui observasi dan wawancara. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan anaisis finansial dengan menghitung pendapatan dan kelayakan usaha, selanjutnya dibahas secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rat-rata keuntungan tiap bulan sebesar Rp. 3,036,733 /unit kapal, lama waktu pengembalian investasi kurang dari satu tahun. Usaha ini layak dikembangkan karena memiliki nilai NPV positif, Net B/C dan Gross B/C lebih besar 1.

Kata Kunci: Ikan tuna, kelayakan usaha, penangkapan, pendapatan, produksi
ANALISA KUALITAS AIR DI PANTAI KUALA TANJUNG, DESA KUALA INDAH KABUPATEN BATU BARA TAHUN 2021 (STUDI KASUS KEMATIAN MASSAL IKAN)
Authors: Manik Ria Retno D. S. , Handoco Ewin
Published: May 2022

Thousands of fish were seen suddenly dying in the waters of Kuala Indah, Sei Suka District, Batubara Regency. Based on information from the community, the alleged cause of the mass death of fish that occurred on April 24, 2021 was caused by the input of domestic and industrial waste and the explosion of the plankton population. The purpose of this study was to determine the factors causing mass death of fish through analysis of water quality parameters with physical, chemical and microbiological tests of river, estuary and sea water. The method used to analyze river, estuary and sea water samples is using standard methodstesting, 23rd edition 2017, APHA-AWWA-WEF. Parameter testing includes three physical parameters, the 17 chemical parameters and two biological parameters analyzed were then compared with quality standards according to Government Regulation number 22 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Environmental Protection and Management. Based on the research results, the range of index values of water quality ​​obtained is 75-80 and is included in good criteria, so it can be concluded that anthropogenic activities in river, estuary and sea waters are not the cause of mass fish death.

 

ABSTRAK

Ribuan ekor ikan terlihat mendadak mati di perairan Kuala Indah Kecamatan Sei Suka Kabupaten Batubara. Berdasarkan informasi dari masyarakat, dugaan penyebab terjadinya kematian massal ikan yang terjadi pada 24 April 2021 disebabkan oleh masukan limbah domestik dan industri serta ledakan populasi plankton. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui faktor penyebab kematian massal ikan melalui analisis parameter kualitas air dengan uji fisika, kimia dan mikrobiologi air sungai, muara dan laut. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisa sampel air sungai, muara dan laut yaitu menggunakan pengujian standard methods, 23rd edition 2017, APHA-AWWA-WEF. Pengujian parameter meliputi tiga parameter fisika, 17 parameter kimia dan dua parameter biologi yang dianalisi kemudian dibandingkan dengan baku mutu sesuai Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 22 tahun 2021 tentang  Penyelenggaraan Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian kisaran nilai indeks kualitas air yang diperoleh adalah 75-80 dan termasuk dalam kriteria baik, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan antropogenik di perairan sungai, muara dan laut bukan merupakan penyebab terjadinya kematian massal ikan.  

Kata kunci : Kematian ikan, kualitas air, antropogenik, Kuala Indah, Kabupaten Batu Bara
The Influence of Brand Image and Brand Trust on Consumer Loyalty (Case Study on Consumers of PT Citilink Indonesia Branch Office Denpasar)
Authors: Aditya Aristana I Komang Gede , Arie Yudhistira Putu Gde , Sasmita M. Tanggap
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of brand image and brand trust on consumer loyalty. This type of research is quantitative research. This research method uses multiple regression analysis. Data collection techniques using questionnaires, sampling techniques using a purposive sampling technique. The population in this study were domestic passengers of PT Citilink Indonesia Denpasar Branch Office in the last five years. The sample used the slovin formula with 100 respondents. The results showed that partially and simultaneously, the variable brand image and brand trust significantly affected consumer loyalty. The brand image formed by Citilink airline can provide a good perception to consumers and the existing efforts in building brand trust in consumers through fulfilling the needs desired by Citilink airline consumers. PT. Citilink is expected to improve its brand image further and maintain and increase the confidence of existing brands by always providing the flight services that consumers want so that consumers no longer doubt the service products that PT has produced. Citilink. Then also pay attention to consumer loyalty; for example, companies can more quickly evaluate what consumers want by providing criticism and advice services to Citilink airlines.

Keywords:     Customer Loyalty, Brand Image, Brand Trust
Analysis of Service Quality and Tourism Destination Parts on Visitor Satisfaction at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
Authors: Astuti Nabila Sri , Dewi Liliana
Published: May 2022

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality and part of tourist destinations on visitor satisfaction at Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. The type of research is descriptive quantitative with multiple regression analysis methods. Collecting data by distributing questionnaires with a google form, a sampling technique using accidental sampling. The population in this study were tourists who had visited Taman Mini Indonesia Indah in the last five years, as many as 4,471,504 people. While the sample uses the Slovin formula, the results show a selection of 100 respondents. The results showed that the quality of service and the part of tourist destinations partially and simultaneously affect visitors' satisfaction with Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. The better the quality of service and the 4A tourism components provided by the manager of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah to visitors will increase visitor satisfaction. The manager of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah is expected to provide training to employees so that they can continue to serve well, quickly, responsively, politely, and friendly. The manager of Taman Mini Indonesia Indah is expected to add artificial attractions that can attract tourists. visits from outside Jakarta.

Keywords:   Service Quality, Destination Part, Visitor Satisfaction
Accessibility and valorisation of historical universities through digital inclusive solutions: the case study of the University of Pavia (Italy)
Authors: Giacometti Valentina , Greco Alessandro , Ricci Carola , Favalli Silvia , Campotaro Andrea
Published: May 2022

The University of Pavia, established in 1361, is well known for its historical and cultural importance, also reflected in the value of its architectural heritage. It includes several ancient structures, most of which are located in the city centre. The Palazzo Centrale is the main building: its architectural complexity is due to its big dimensions and composite configuration, the result of an expansion process during several centuries. Moreover, it is one of the rare examples of “passing architecture” allowing people to cross the building from the cardo of the Roman grid of Pavia, Corso Strada Nuova, towards the eastern part of the city centre.
For these reasons, Palazzo Centrale presents several difficulties of accessibility and orientation for students, visiting academics and cultural tourists, but most of all for people with blindness or low vision.
To tackle this problem, the research team is developing a pilot project in collaboration with a specialised NGO for the installation of vocal aids helping the orientation through selected paths. The project is aimed at providing a smartphone APP able to intercept the signals emitted by small e-beacons and to receive voice information enabling users to move easily and independently through a selected accessible path. The vocal aids will use the architectural elements to characterise and describe the space, underlining not only the obstacles to be avoided but also the points of interest for historical, architectural, and academic reasons.
Once tested, this solution could be widespread also to other University buildings, creating more accessible, inclusive, and thus sustainable environments for students and tourists, in compliance with the international standards.
A survey form for the characterization of the historical built environment prone to multi-risks
Authors: D'Amico Alessandro , Russo Martina , Bernabei Letizia , Angelosanti Marco , Cantatore Elena , Bernardini Gabriele , Fatiguso Fabio , Salvalai Graziano , Mochi Giovanni , Quagliarini Enrico , Currà Edoardo
Published: May 2022

The historical built environment (HBE) is constantly prone to many risks causing sudden (e.g., earthquakes and terrorist attacks) or slow (e.g., climate change-related and environmental pollution) onset of emergency conditions. Morphological, physical, and constructive characteristics are critically linked to system vulnerability and users’ exposure. In particular, open spaces (OSs) in the HBE represent typical attractors for the community in urban areas for leisure and touristic purposes and critical scenarios in case of a disaster. In fact, besides daily and hourly temporalities in everyday use, OSs also play a pivotal role in the immediate disaster response phases, considering sudden-onset events. Understanding which scenarios characterize OSs is critical to evaluate them from a multi-risk perspective and to propose effective mitigation strategies in multiple critical situations. To this end, this work offers a survey form template of the OS within the HBE according to a holistic but quick-to-apply approach. Placed in the context of the Project of Relevant National Interest (PRIN) BE S2ECURe, the survey form assesses the relationships between frontier elements and those contained in the OSs, focusing on literature-based identification of vulnerability, exposure, and hazard factors affecting risk. These factors are organized into five sections as the basis for classification criteria of OSs: (1) morpho-typological, (2) geometrical-spatial, (3) constructive, (4) use, and (5) context. The application to eight case studies contributes to the validation of the survey, showing its ability to trace both the level of complexity and the main characteristics of the analyzed scenario. Furthermore, the survey form can be properly and quickly applied by non-specialized technicians, such as local authorities, thus representing the first step to support planners in data collection and risk assessment of historical OSs.
Immersive Virtual vs. Real Environment: a validation field-study to assess occupants’ work productivity and comfort
Authors: Di Giuseppe Elisa , Latini Arianna , Di Perna Costanzo , D'Orazio Marco
Published: May 2022

In order to maximise occupants’ well-being and work efficiency, keep satisfying environmental conditions, and minimise costs and impact related to the operative and energy use, a “human-centric” approach is more and more pursued in buildings’ design and performance assessment. In this context, the use of Virtual Reality (VR) is emerging due to its advantages (low cost, repeatability, and speed of execution) compared to physical study settings. However, in Immersive Virtual Environments (IVE), it is important to ensure that data represented and collected faithfully replicate the physical environments. In order to provide a further contribution in terms of IVE validation process in the building field, this research presents results from an experimental study, where subjects’ performance tests and comfort assessments were compared in real and virtual office settings under three different walls colour layouts and two air temperature levels. “Internal”, “ecological” and “construct” validity of the IVE have been demonstrated. Findings revealed no statistically significant differences in productivity and sensation votes and in the impact of colour and temperature variables. Results then highlight a strong agreement of the two tested environments, revealing that VR is a potentially reliable tool to measure its real counterparts in terms of occupants’ productivity, perception, and behaviour under different test conditions.
Cultural heritage sustainability restoration: a quantitative method for the reversibility assessment of interventions on historical timber floor
Authors: Di Ruocco Giacomo , Melella Roberta , Palmero Iglesias Luis , Sicignano Claudia
Published: May 2022

Restoration technology has different characteristics from mechanical, chemical, and industrial technologies. In fact, it concerns objects recognised as cultural heritage as evidence of historical, cultural, aesthetic values, which the intervention has to preserve. The observation of the damages caused by wrong restoration interventions has led to the formulation of guidelines to limit the risks of such interventions. One of the basic principles of these guidelines is reversibility: since degradation is an inevitable process, construction works will likely require restoration and functional adaptation over time. The historical timber floor is the technology system that embodies and tells the history of a building in a more reliable way: it is the most evident testimony of the technological-cultural-economic characteristics that have conditioned the design and construction of a given building in history.
In accordance with the need to preserve these historical testimonies, the study aimed to develop an innovative method for the quantitative evaluation of reversibility in the restoration and static consolidation of timber floors. The method aims to evaluate the most reversible intervention, i.e., more sustainable in terms of future revision and modification.
Traditional Chinese architecture: the transmission of technical knowledge for the development of building heritage
Authors: Mazzoli Cecilia , Morganti Caterina , Bartolomei Cristiana
Published: May 2022

The contribution outlines the typical elements of Chinese architecture, which combines the sophistication of technical and aesthetic details, and provides rules and criteria for the sizing and assembling standardized construction of different classes of buildings. These building elements are described in detail, through text and images, in the ancient manuals of Chinese architecture. The most significant document for its completeness and excellent state of preservation is entitled Yingzao Fashi: it was written by Li Chieh and published in 1103, after about thirty years of changes and integrations, and has been reissued several times over the centuries by different authors. This manual includes part of the contents of other earlier manuscripts, written since 700. It contains a set of guidelines resulting from the fusion of knowledge related to the theory and practice of building, respectively, transferred through theoretical texts and practical experiences. The contents of this important text were further developed and increasingly refined in other subsequent manuals (e.g., the Gongcheng Zuofa Zeli of 1734 and the Qing Shi Yingzao Zeli - Yingzao Suanli of 1934). The technical knowledge contained in these manuals allows the dissemination of down-handed practices to support the architects, artisans, and carpenters’ activity for constructing traditional works based on a wooden frame structure. The collection of drawings, tables, and rules elaborated over the centuries allows today a deeper comprehension of the genesis and evolution of the main construction elements of traditional Chinese buildings (foundations, beams, pillars, bracketing systems, roofing systems), enabling their analysis, recovery, and reconstruction.
Demolish or Rebuild? Life Cycle Cost Analysis and Maintenance Plan for the Pro-Get-One Case Study
Authors: Bragadin Marco Alvise , D'Alesio Marco , Ferrante Annarita
Published: May 2022

It is well known that a large part of the existing Italian and European building stock needs to improve its seismic and energy performances through deep renovation projects. Both seismic safety renovation and energy rehabilitation projects have high initial costs; therefore, owners and property developers often prefer the strategy of a complete demolition and reconstruction of the building. Perhaps this can be the easiest choice, but sustainability must be assessed from an environmental, social, and economic point of view. A Life Cycle Analysis using the Global Cost method, considering initial, operating, maintenance, and end-of-life costs, can provide important information to help key players identify the best intervention strategy for the selected case.
Therefore, a strategic feasibility analysis is needed for each deep renovation building construction project to evaluate the efficiency of the proposed alternative approaches, i.e., deep renovation or demolition and reconstruction, in terms of cost and building sustainability. With the Life Cycle Cost analysis (LCC) technique, the two project alternatives have been evaluated, also with the aim of optimizing detailed design choices to minimize Life Cycle Cost. The LCC minimization plays a fundamental role in the strategic planning of the project approach, and the Cost Breakdown Structure of building maintenance activities detects the most significant elements, termed central elements, that have a major impact on maintenance costs. The optimization of maintenance costs of central elements can increase the economic sustainability of the deep – renovation or reconstruction alternative projects.
The case study of the “ProGETonE - Proactive Synergy of Integrated Efficient Technologies on Buildings’ Envelopes” has been analyzed. ProGETone is a European research project concerning a deep renovation of an existing university building via the construction of a prefabricated steel exoskeleton.
Digital Twinning processes for the built heritage construction site: opportunities and implementation scenarios
Authors: Rotilio Marianna , Simeone Davide
Published: May 2022

This work investigates the introduction of concepts, processes, and methods of digital twinning to construction sites in the field of built heritage construction sites, analyzing the related opportunities and proposing an initial applicative framework. The presented architecture is conceived to face both the complexity of the artefact – in terms of its historical evolution, its configuration, the presence of values related to traditional construction methods, etc. - and of the activities and operations performed on its construction site, including the production, elaboration, and use of information in the different decision processes.
This paper aims to provide a theoretical, methodological, and technical base to support the design and implementation of a digital twin for a construction site within the built heritage field.
Design strategies for the recovery and enhancement of lighthouse: some case studies of the Ligurian Sea
Authors: Santi Giovanni , Braccini Serena
Published: May 2022

This paper presents the first results of ongoing research analysing some coastal lighthouses in the territorial jurisdiction of the Northern Maritime Command of La Spezia, located between the Island of Elba and the Gulf of La Spezia. The research is inspired by the “Valore Paese - Fari” initiative, launched in 2015 by the Agenzia del Demanio, with Difesa Servizi S.p.a, to promote in the real-estate market several currently disused lighthouses by granting them to overcome the management and maintenance problems. Some of the lighthouses on the Italian coasts are now affected by a gradual abandonment caused by the spread of current geo-localisation technologies and remote control and management systems. The research aims to highlight the historical and cultural importance of lighthouses, identifying possible valorisation strategies and development potential in terms of flexibility and ability to adapt to a radical functional transformation. The article firstly outlines a typological atlas of lighthouses and highlights their technical constructional characteristics. Subsequently, the design strategies of the lighthouses under study are defined for their recovery and valorisation in compliance with architectural and economic requirements. Starting from an organic and systematic classification that filled the great lack and fragmentation of available information, a detailed survey was carried out using HBIM throughout the knowledge phase, and the Value Analysis method was used to define design solutions that meet pre-established financial requirements and limits. In summary, the research shows how the lighthouse architectures are linked to the coastal context area, especially to the construction techniques concerning the different local cultures, and can lead to interesting economic and social revitalisation processes of the surrounding areas.
Methodological approach and comparative analyses for smart envelopes assessment in three different temperate climates
Authors: Carlucci Francesco , Fiorito Francesco
Published: May 2022

Recently, innovative and responsive technologies applied to building envelopes have drawn the attention of researchers to reduce energy consumption and improve indoor environmental quality. The main feature of these systems is to react to external environmental stimuli and adapt themselves to improve the overall building performance. The spread of these technologies has promptly led to a wide range of very different new devices that have added a further degree of complexity in the energy efficiency field. This study is part of this research topic and proposes a comparison of four different responsive technologies applied to glazed surfaces of an office model located in three different Italian cities to compare their advantages and disadvantages in different contexts. This comparison is conducted from both technological and energy points of view on the following selected technologies: i) electrochromic windows, ii) Phase Change Material windows, iii) dynamic automated external shadings, and iv) windows with variable thermal transmittance. The first part of this study focuses on the technology comparison – with reference to users' control, building integration, cost, and maintenance – to highlight the main strengths and disadvantages of these systems. Hence, starting from an office reference model located in Brindisi, Rome, and Milan, dynamic energy analyses are conducted in EnergyPlus to compare the responsive systems with reference static envelopes obtaining as the final output the savings comparison between different technologies, exposures, and climates.
REGIONAL ASPECTS OF CREATION COMPLEX ROUTES ECOLOGICAL TOURISM ON THE TERRITORY OF NORTH KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors:   North Kazakhstan Kozybayev University, Department of Geography and Ecology, Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan, DMITRIYEV Pavel S. , FOMIN Ivan A. ,   North Kazakhstan Kozybayev University, Department of Geography and Ecology, Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan, WENDT Jan A. ,   University of Gdańsk, Faculty of Social Science, Institute of Socio-Economic Geography and Spatial Management, Poland, ISMAGULOVA Saltanat M. ,   North Kazakhstan Kozybayev University, Department of Geography and Ecology, Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan, SHMYREVA Olga S. ,   North Kazakhstan Kozybayev University, Department of Geography and Ecology, Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: May 2022

To consider the possibility of developing ecological tourism in the districts of the North Kazakhstan region of the Republic of Kazakhstan, based on the conducted sociological research and the available natural and recreational potential. The analysis of the conducted sociological survey is given, using methods of statistical and mathematical processing. Visualization of the presented materials was carried out by means of mapping. The study and analysis of the data obtained allowed us to reveal the natural and recreational potential of the studied areas and determine the degree of their demand as objects for tourism development. The results of the sociological survey determined the possibility and necessity of the development of regional ecological tourism, the uniqueness of local natural and recreational facilities by respondents. A cartographic material has been prepared that clearly reflects the opportunities, problems and prospects for the development of the tourism industry in the region. The natural and recreational potential of the territory of the North Kazakhstan region is certainly of interest. Natural and recreational facilities that are potential for the development of the tourism industry in the North Kazakhstan region have been identified on the territory of the studied areas. The border position of the North Kazakhstan region makes it possible for tourists from Russia to visit it. The results of the sociological survey allow us to conclude that the study of the native land has a positive effect on the patriotic education of the younger generation, and is also one of the factors in the development of eco-tourism.
Investigation of Life Skill Levels of University Students in the Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors:   Atatürk University (Turkey), Tozoğlu Burak , Okdan Bora ,   Ege University (Turkey), Gülbahçe Öner ,   Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen University (Turkey)
Published: May 2022

It was aimed to reveal whether there is a statistically significant relationship between the gender, age, sportive activity status and duration of the students studying at xxx University in the 2020-2021 academic year on their life skills levels. In this study descriptive survey method was used. A personal information form was used to obtain information about the demographic characteristics of 215 students, 71 male and 144 female and “Life Skills Scale” which was developed by Bolat and Balaman (2017) was used to determine the life skills levels, who participated in the study. Independent sample T test was used to determine the significant difference between two independent variables and life skills. Anowa Analysis of Variance techniques were used to determine the difference between more than two variables and life skills. Pearson correlation analysis was made to determine the relationship between Life Skills Scale and ages of students and duration of sports activities . Th results were evaluated according to the p<.05 significance level. It has been determined there is a significant difference in the sub-dimensions of coping with stress and emotions, empathy and self-awareness, decision making and problem solving about students gender and life skills scale according to the data obtained. It has been determined there is a significant difference in all sub-dimensions of the students' sportive activities and life skills scale. It has been determined there is a positive significant relationship in students' weekly sporting activity time and life skills scale on the sub-dimension of decision making and problem solving.
Trend of Antenatal Bookings in a Teaching Hospital in South Western Nigeria
Authors:   Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, Oloyede Olufemi A. , Adefuye Peter O. , Akiseku Adeniyi K.
Published: May 2022

Introduction: The age-long practice of late booking is gradually changing towards early pregnancy booking because of the benefits. Implementation of new medical guidelines is however often delayed in developing countries. Aim: The study proposes to observe the trend in antenatal booking in respect of booking gestational age, and the relationship with maternal socio-demographic and obstetric characteristics. Methodology: A retrospective study of antenatal bookings between 2016 and 2020 in Olabisi Onabanjo University Teaching Hospital, Sagamu Ogun State, Nigeria was carried out. Data were collected from pregnant women that had a minimum of 4 clinic attendances and delivered in the hospital. Data analysis was by descriptive statistics and presented in simple frequency tables. Results: Six thousand, eight hundred and ninety-nine pregnancies were booked, with early bookings (< 13 weeks) in 23.9% and late bookings in 64.6% (14-26 weeks) and 11.5% (27-36 weeks). The proportion of early bookings (23.9%) was higher compared with 18.8% reported in 2014 in same centre. Every year, the number of early bookings was initially stable at 20.4%, but rose to 26.7 - 30.8 in the last 2 years of study. Maternal age < 30 years, secondary or tertiary educational level and previous caesarean delivery were the predominant variables among women that booked in early pregnancy. Previous or on-going medical disorders and/or delivery complications were not strongly associated with early booking. Conclusions: The practice of late pregnancy booking is still a major issue, though the proportion of early bookings has continued to increase compared with previous study. Improvement in education, economic empowerment and health education that emphasizes preventive rather than curative role of ANC is advised.
Salbina Salsa-20016035-Tugas Esai
Authors: Salsa Salbina
Published: May 2022

The Relationship between Indonesian Language Learning and the Environment
An Empirical Survey of the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Staff Retention in the Context of Microfinance Institutions in Kenya
Authors: Kariuki Josphat K. , Wandiga Eunice N. , Odiyo Wilson O.
Published: May 2022

Retention of the desired staff is a key determinant of success in microfinance institutions in the modern competitive world. Notably, these institutions experience poor staff retention due to inappropriate leadership. Investigations on the effect of transformational leadership on staff retention have largely considered transformational leadership as a unidimensional construct than its respective dimensions of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. This study therefore investigated the effect of transformational leadership on staff retention in microfinance institutions in Nairobi City County, Kenya, specifically the effect of idealized influence, inspirational motivation, intellectual stimulation and individual consideration on staff retention. The underpinning theories were Transformational Leadership Theory, Leader-Member Exchange Theory, Social Exchange Theory, and Resource-Based View Theory. The study was guided by the positivism philosophy and descriptive and explanatory research designs. A total of 298 respondents was obtained through census sampling from the 12 accessible microfinance institutions licenced by the Central Bank of Kenya in Nairobi City County. Primary data was collected from senior, middle and lower-level management staff in the headquarters of these institutions, using structured questionnaires. The data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while hypotheses were tested at 5% significance level using regression analysis. The study established that transformational leadership significantly predicts staff retention through idealized influence, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration. The study recommends that the policy makers in the microfinance institutions should align transformational leadership practices with the staff retention strategies for the success of these institutions.
Open and reproducible practices in developmental psychology research: The workflow of the WomCogDev lab as an example
Authors: Turoman Nora , Hautekiet Caro , Jeanneret Stephanie , Valentini Beatrice , Langerock Naomi
Published: May 2022

The current paper presents an overview of the workflow of the Working Memory, Cognition and Development lab (WomCogDev) lab at the University of Geneva, Switzerland, as an example of how Open Science principles can be applied in a developmental psychology lab. We describe the importance and challenges of applying Open Science practices in developmental research and detail each step of our workflow from research design to dissemination. We provide examples and give emphasis to steps that typically receive little attention but that may hold promise for application in other labs (namely, project design, data collection, and data analysis). Finally, we discuss the advantages and disadvantages of our workflow, and summarize the main takeaways for other labs. By ‘opening up’ our lab’s workflow, we want to encourage other labs to incorporate the aspects that they like into their own workflows and to share their own processes for the continued benefit of others.