bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance of Single Cross Maize Hybrids for Summer Planting in Western Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Bhim Nath , Ghimire Surya Kant , Pandey Madav Prasad , Dhakal Krishna Hari
Published: October 2024

In addition to being a major source of food, feed, and fodder, maize is one of the important cereals for the livelihood of hill farmers in Nepal. Low maize productivity in the western hills of Nepal has traditionally been associated with the absence of high yielding varieties. The purpose of this study was to find single cross maize hybrids that would be highly productive and adaptable for summer planting in western hills of Nepal. An alpha lattice design with three replications was used to evaluate one hundred single cross hybrids, including checks at NMRP, Rampur; DoAR, Surkhet; and DoAR, Doti during the summer season of 2019. In the evaluated maize hybrids, all measured traits showed significant genetic variation, indicating the presence of substantial genetic diversity among tested hybrids and significant genotype by environmental interaction highlighting the variable performance across locations. RML-145/RL-105, RML-97-1/RML-98, RML-145/RML-146, RML-138/RML-2, and RML-97-2/RL-105 was among the top 17 hybrids with grain yields of 8-9 t ha1. Significant correlations of grain yield with plant height, ear height, test weight, cob length, and cob diameter suggest that these are the important traits while selecting the hybrids for yield. The study also employed 20 SSR markers to explore genetic diversity of 25 inbred lines which were used for developing top yielding hybrids, grouped these inbred lines into five distinct cluster showed moderate genetic diversity, and higher yield performance of hybrids associated with diverse background of parental lines. The genotype by environment interactions highlights the importance of multilocation testing to ensure consistent or location specific performance across varied conditions. The results suggest the possibility of exploring high yielding, adaptive, and location specific hybrids that can help to enhance maize productivity of western Nepal and narrow down the yield gap.
Determination of Indigenous Nutrient Supplying Capacity of Soil through Omission Plot Technique in Wheat at Bhairahawa
Authors: Yadav Mathura , Sah Shrawan Kumar , Regmi Anant Prasad , Marahatta Santosh
Published: October 2024

The rapidly expanding intensive cropping systems in the Terai region of Nepal, combined with imbalanced fertilization, are leading to significant nutrient depletion in agricultural soils, raising concerns about the sustainability of wheat production. To address this issue, a field experiment was conducted at the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP) in Bhairahawa, Rupandehi, during 2018-19 to evaluate the soil’s nutrient-supplying capacity and its impact on wheat grain yield. The treatments included five different nutrient levels: N- omission (75:75:5:1 P2O5:K2O:Zn:B kg ha-1), P-omission (150:75:5:1 N:K2O:Zn:B kg ha-1), K-omission (150:75:5:1 N:P2O5:Zn:B kg ha-1), adequate NPK (150:75:75, N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), and adequate NPK+Zn+B (150:75:75:5:1 N:P2O5:K2O:Zn:B kg ha-1). The trial was laid out in a randomized complete block design with five replications, planted in five different blocks of the National Wheat Research Program (NWRP), Bhairahawa, with each block treated as a replication. Data on growth, yield attributes, grain yield, and nutrient uptake were analyzed using the Genstat statistical package. The results showed that plant height, dry matter production, spike length, grains per spike, biological yield, and grain yield variables were significant (P< 0.05), while 1000 grain weight and harvest index were not significant (P>0.05). Total N, P, and K uptake were significant (P<0.05) in different treatments, with adequate NPK showing higher NPK uptake and significantly lower in N- omission treatment. Grain yield was higher in fully fertilized treatment than in nutrient omission treatments, with significantly lower grain yield in N- omission followed by P- omission treatments. Among the major nutrients, nitrogen was found to be the most limiting factor, followed by phosphorus and potassium for wheat. Based on these results, it can be concluded that a balanced amount of NPK nutrients should be supplied to enhance the indigenous nutrient-supplying capacity of the soil and improve wheat productivity in Bhairahawa.
Effect of Different Weed Management Practices on growth and yield in Potato at Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
Authors: Bhattarai Rajendra Kumar , Chaulagain Bhimsen , Dangi Bijaya , Neupane Reshama , Kaduwal Sangita , Gyawaly Pankaj , Karki Tika Bahadur , Pokharel Bhanu Bhakta , KC Bigyan , Neupane Shreeya , Dhakal Suraj , Pantha Prashant
Published: October 2024

Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the fifth most important crops in the world in terms of production with an estimate of 375 million metric tons. In Nepal, potato ranks second in terms of production and sixth in terms of area coverage. Potato production is affected by weed infestation. Weeds compete with crops for nutrients, water and other resources, which eventually reduce the crop yield. The critical period of crop-weed competition for potato is 25-40 days from planting depending on the climatic-zone and planting seasons. The most common method of weed control in Nepal is manual method, while herbicides are uses in less areas. Weeds are considered as the major problem in conventional and organic farming, due to lower yields by weeds and higher costs of labor for weed control. Mulching is one of the best and safest practice for effective weed management in potato due to which micro-climate manipulation is developed. Metribuzin is widely used herbicides in potato that controls a range of broadleaf weed species and suppresses many grassy weeds. To study the performance of different weed management practices in potato ten treatments were set up viz., three herbicides (pendimethalin@ 1.0 kg a.i ha-1, metribuzin@ 0.5 kg a.i ha-1 and atrazine @ 0.25 kg a.i ha-1) constituting seven treatments, one mulching with rice straw, one treatment with two manual hoeing, and another treatment with no any weed management practices as control.The treatments were laid out in RCB design with 4 replications. The potato variety Janak Dev was planted on 12th Feb 2021 and 23rd Jan 2022 with tuber rate of 4.1 t.ha-1  with row  spacing of 60 cm and plant to plant 20 cm in a plot size of 4 x 3 meter in flat bed. Growth parameters such as plant height, plant  fresh and dry biomass were recorded. Data on weed density, weed dry biomass, and tuber yield were taken.The economics of the different treatments were calculated. Among the treatments metribuzin@ 0.25 kg a.i ha-1 as pre-emergence proved effective in controlling weeds showing highest weed control efficiency (200.7 %) and  tuber yield (32.79 t ha-1) . However, the treatment rice  straw mulch @ 6 t ha-1 produced the  highest tuber yield (38.31 t ha-1), 73.4 % increased yield over control, weed control efficiency(147.1%), economic benefit (NRS 13,40,850), benefit cost ratio (4.93).The treatment rice straw mulch @ 6 t ha-1 showed  superiority among the different weeds management practices.
Response of Spring Rice Varieties to Different Nitrogen Management Practices in Kapilvastu, Nepal
Authors: Jaiswal Manshi , Kharel Raju , Subedi Sandesh
Published: October 2024

The study was carried out at the farmer’s field in Tilkahana, Kapilvastu from February 2020 – June 2020. The objectives of the study were determining the better variety nitrogen management practices for spring rice cultivation. The study was conducted in Factorial Randomized Complete Block Design replicated thrice. Factor A includes spring rice varieties viz. Chaite-5 and Hardinath-3. Factor B includes the nitrogen management practices adopted which were: Recommended dose of N at 3 equal splits, 1/3 at basal +1/3 at 20 DAT + 1/3 at 45 DAT; Recommended dose of N at 3 splits, ¼ at basal + ½ at 20 DAT + ¼ at 45 DAT; N application using leaf color chart (LCC); Zero N, Control and Farmer’s Fertilizer Practices (FFP). Rice seedlings were raised in a wet nursery bed and transplanted in experimental plots on 21st March 2020. The crop geometry was 20 x 20 cm. Growth parameters, grain yield, and yield-attributing traits of rice were recorded. The results revealed statistical differences between the treatments in terms of agronomical parameters, yield attributing characters, and grain yield. Results indicate the recommended dose of N application at 3 splits i.e., ¼ at basal+ ½ at 20DAT+ ¼ at 45 DAT contributes to the higher plant height (104.79 cm), the number of tillers (9.88), grain yield (4.9 Mt ha-1) and straw yield (7.44 Mt ha-1). The highest LAI (2.84), flag leaf length (31.063 cm), and effective tillers/m2 (245.41) were obtained in nitrogen application using LCC. Moreover, the recommended dose of N at 3 splits, ¼ at basal + ½ at 20 DAT + ¼ at 45 DAT, and nitrogen application using LCC showed almost similar performance in most of the parameters. Among the varieties, Hardinath 3 produced the highest plant height (100.86 cm), Flag leaf length (29.509 cm), and 1000 grain weight (29.059 gm) as compared to Chaite 5 (94.613 cm), (26.355 cm) and (24.199 g) respectively. Also, there was a positive correlation between the grain yield and effective tillers per m2 (r =0.972), grain yield and filled grains per panicle (r =0.405), and grain yield and LAI (r =0.716). Hence, the recommended dose of nitrogen application at 3 splits i.e., ¼ at basal+ ½ at 20 DAT+ ¼ at 45 DAT, and nitrogen application using LCC were found to improve yield and yield attributes of spring rice.
Yield and Nitrogen Uptake of Wheat as Influenced by Nitrogen, Vermicompost and Biofertilizer Application at Rampur, Chitwan, Nepal
Authors: Paudel Abishkar , Sah Shrawan K. , Marahatta Santosh
Published: October 2024

High cost, unavailability, and imbalance use of chemical fertilizers and environmental degradation are challenging sustainability of wheat production in Nepal. Integration of vermicompost, biofertilizer (Azotobacter chrococcom) and chemical fertilizer can improve the situation. A field experiment was conducted to assess the combined application of vermicompost, chemical fertilizer and biofertilizer on the growth, yield, and  nitrogen uptake of wheat at Rampur Chitwan from November 2021 to April 2022. The experiment was laid out in a strip-split plot design with five N levels as horizontal factors (0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of recommended dose), two vermicompost levels (0 and 5 t ha-1) as the vertical factor, and two biofertilizer levels (with and without application) as the sub-plot factor with three replications. Data on growth, yield attributes and yield of wheat, nitrogen uptake were   collected, analyzed and presented. The research result revealed a significant influence of biofertilizer and nitrogen levels on grain yield of wheat. Full dose of nitrogen resulted a significantly higher grain yield (4441.71 kg ha-1) than other nitrogen levels (0, 25, 50, 75 % of recommended dose with grain yield 2792.11, 2982.20, 3771.17. 4231.63 kg ha-1 respectively). Biofertilizer application had significantly higher grain yield (3726.76 kg ha-1) compared with no biofertilizer application (3560 kg ha-1). There was significant interactions between biofertilizer application and nitrogen levels on number of grains per spike and sterility percent of wheat. The number of grain per spike was highest with 100% recommended N with biofertilizer application (47.52 grains/spike) followed by 75 % recommended N with biofertilizer application (46.53 grains/spike). The sterility % was lowest (6.47 %) with 100 % N with biofertilizer application followed by 75 % N with biofertilizer application (6.72 %). Total nitrogen uptake was significantly higher (119.04 kg ha-1) for full dose of nitrogen as compared with lower nitrogen levels (0, 25. 50, 75 % recommended N levels). Biofertilizer application also resulted in significantly higher nitrogen uptake (89.89 kg ha-1) as compared with no Biofertilizer application (79.89 kg ha-1). Integration of biofertilizer, with chemical fertilizer 75 - 100 % recommended N level could increase the growth, yield, and nitrogen uptake of wheat in Chitwan.
Effect of Different Organic Fertilizers and NPK on Growth and Yield of Lentil (Lens culinaris)
Authors: K.C. Pramod , Sharma Raksha , Karki Ramesh Bahadur , Joshi Naresh , Bogati Durga , Timilsina Kusum , Bhatta Pramod , Dangi Prabin , K.C. Susmita
Published: October 2024

The experiment was conducted during the month of November, 2022-March, 2023 in Agronomy Farm, Department of Agriculture, Far Western University, Tikapur, Kailali, Nepal to evaluate the combine effects of different organic fertilizers and NPK on growth and yield attributes of lentils. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and five replications. The treatments used were: Farm yard manure @ 6 t ha-1 (T1), vermicompost @ 1 t ha-1 (T2), panchagavya @ 3% solution (T3) and control (T4). The recommended dose of chemical fertilizers (20:20:20 kg NPK ha-1) were used as a basal dose in all the treatments. It was observed that the application of FYM proved to be significantly superior in terms of plant height, branch number, first flat pod observation, number of pods/plant (107.18), number of filled pods/plant (101.30), total biomass/plant (79.0 g), number of seeds/pod (1.87) and grain yield/ha (1558 kg). The effects remain similar and non-significant in terms of parameters like germination percentage and other growth stages i.e., branching, flowering, number of unfilled pods/plant, pod weight/plant, grain weight/plant, 1000 grain weight, stover yield and harvest index. FYM also recorded the highest gross return (Rs. 155,800) and net return (Rs. 103,183.33) with a slightly lower BC ratio (2.96) compared to control (3.12). In conclusion, FYM proved to be the best option for achieving the highest grain yield and overall economic returns while control remained the most economical choice based on the benefit-cost ratio.
THE URBAN EVOLUTION OUAD EL HAD: FROM A MINOR URBAN EXTENSION TO AN INFAMOUS AND ILLICIT NEIGHBORHOOD
Authors: Aibeche Roufeida  , Farid Dalel  , Bakiri Hadia  , Bouleksa Leila  , Naidja Amina
Published: October 2024

Informal housing represents a complex phenomenon with far-reaching implications for urban development and social equity, it is characterized by its spontaneous and unauthorized nature, it has emerged as a significant phenomenon in urban areas worldwide and usually arises a multitude of socio-economic challenges such as rapid urbanization, poverty, and as in our case, rural migration, Therefore, understanding the spatial evolution of informal settlements is crucial for designing more equitable and sustainable living environments.
That was the case of “Ouad El Had”, a neighborhood that may be considered as one of the focal points in metropolis of Constantine, informal housing started as an extension, an illicit urbanization due to rural-to-urban migration led to the perpetuation of informal settlements on what was in that time the outskirts of city, Nowadays, housing shortages caused the proliferation of informal settlements, those settlements presented a chance to obtain a house in the social housing program given by the government leading it to get repopulated every time and after several attempts to evacuate the entire zone starting from 2012 to this actual day.
Our paper offers an in-depth analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution to the informal housing situated in the neighborhood “Cité des Fréres Abbas” (Ouad El Had) and its evolution within urban and social contexts with the objective of understanding the complex case of this neighborhood that led to its repopulation after every evacuation or displacement and identifying the urban model generated of during this process.
DIGITAL REVOLUTION: HOW SOCIAL COMMERCE TRANSFORMS ALGERIAN ART CRAFTS
Authors: Benaissa Maya Ines  , Kassah Laouar Ines
Published: October 2024

The craft sector, in addition to constituting an invaluable cultural, social and historical heritage, is a leading niche with high added value, which, associated with the power of ICT, is experiencing a major ascent like never before. Social networks are today the most widespread communication media in the world. Having as main vocation to develop the reputation of others, craft enterprises have also taken advantage of these tools to take advantage of the actions and network that each of them offers, this allows them to include handmade items in a strategy of artisanal renewal. The objective of this article is to observe, through a quantitative study with artisans’ entrepreneurs but also Algerian consumers, the impact of social commerce on the motivation and behavioral intention of Algerian consumers towards artisanal products.
THE ROLE OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE IN TOURISM AND ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: CASE STUDY OF TEBESSA, ALGERIA
Authors: Grib Aissa  , Brahmi Sami
Published: October 2024

The research explores the importance of architectural and urban heritage for its positive impacts on cities and societies. It highlights how such heritage embodies cultural identity, connects past and present, and promotes tourism and economic development. Tebessa, in eastern Algeria, serves as a case study due to its rich architectural and urban heritage, influenced by Phoenician, Numidian, Greek, Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic civilizations.
Key landmarks in Tebessa include the Temple of Minerve, Caracalla Gate, Byzantine Wall, Roman Theatre, Roman Church, Archaeological Park, and Ancient Mosque. These sites create an open archaeological space within the urban fabric, serving as cultural heritage and vital resources for tourism and economic revitalization. The research initially adopts a theoretical approach to identify and describe various heritage sites. It then employs fieldwork, involving the Directorate of Tourism, the Directorate of Culture, and the Department of Archaeological Sites, to assess the status and significance of these monuments.
Findings reveal several issues, such as the lack of strategic and institutional efforts to protect and utilize the heritage for cultural tourism and economic development. There is significant neglect and deterioration due to inadequate restoration programs and weak promotional initiatives. The research recommends adopting a comprehensive, multi-dimensional strategy for preserving the heritage of Tebessa, including comprehensive projects, legal frameworks, digital integration, and a participatory management approach. Collaboration with local and international heritage organizations and educational programs to raise awareness are also essential. These measures aim to preserve the architectural heritage and boost tourism in Tebessa.
Müzede Bir Gece Filminde Üstkurmaca ve Gerçeklik Katmanlarının Oluşturulması
Authors: Bağırkan Fatma , Arık Şahmurat
Published: October 2024

Postmodernizm sanatın her alanında, kalıpları yıkarak ve yeni arayışlar içine girerek türlerin sınırlarını genişletmiş, bir anlamda onları geçişli hâle getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda edebî anlatılara daha çok yaklaşan pek çok film senaryosu, hem kurgusal açıdan hem de edebî ve kültürel açıdan oldukça zenginleşmiştir. Kısaca bir anlatının kendi kurgusunu konu edinmesi ya da kurmaca olduğunu açığa vurması şeklinde tanımlanabilecek olan üstkurmaca, edebiyatta olduğu kadar sinema alanında da kullanılan bir teknik hâline gelmiştir. Üstkurmaca sayesinde senaristler, anlatının kurmaca olduğunu hissettirirken, aynı zamanda gerçeklik ve yapaylık sorgulaması ile izleyiciyi sarsar. Metnin oluşumuna kimi zaman okuru/izleyici dâhil ederek onu bir ‘oyun’a sürükler. Milan Trenc’in, aynı adlı çocuk kitabına dayanan ‘Müzede Bir Gece’ filminin her üç bölümünde de gerçeklik-yapaylık sorgulaması sürekli canlı tutulmuş, çeşitli gerçeklik düzlemleri ile izleyici çok boyutlu düşünmeye sevk edilmiştir. Bunu yaparken kolaj, metinlerarasılık, medyalararsılık, oyunsuluk, gülünç dönüştürüm gibi tekniklerden yararlanılmıştır. Shawn Levy’nin yönetmenliğini yaptığı filmde bu sayede çok katmanlı bir yapı oluşturulmuştur.
Anadolu’ya Vefalı Bir Şair: Ahmet Kutsi Tecer
Authors: Karataş Turan
Published: October 2024

Yirminci yüzyılın ikinci çeyreğinde gelişen Türk edebiyatı içerisinde kendisine mühim bir mevki sağlayan Ahmet Kutsi Tecer şair, oyun yazarı, halk kültürü araştırmacısı, eğitimci, bürokrat gibi pek çok sıfatla anılsa da onu bugün hâlâ hatırlamamıza vesile olan şairliğidir kuşkusuz. Ahmet Kutsi Tecer, bu acılı coğrafyanın çileli insanını yakından tanımış, Anadolu insanı ve kültürü ise onun şiirinin en mühim ilham kaynağı olmuştur. Tecer, Anadolu’yu gözleyen, dinleyen ve şiirlerinde onun sesini, sözünü, kültürünü dillendiren bir şairdir. Halk kültürü derlemelerinin kayıtlara geçmesini sağlayarak bu çok kıymetli sözlü edebî malzemenin kaybolmasına, unutulmasına mâni olmuştur. Bu kıymetli malzemeden şiirine nakışladığı desenler ise Tecer’in şiirini ayrıcalıklı kılmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Tecer’in şiirlerine yakından bakılarak, “Anadolu” ve “Anadolu insanı” motiflerinin Tecer’in şiirlerinde nasıl işlendiği üzerinde durulmuştur.
Wywiad w mediach audiowizualnych w świetle koncepcji pola gatunkowego i skali paradoksów Marii Wojtak
Authors: Szkudlarek-Śmiechowicz Ewa
Published: October 2024

Celem artykułu jest opis pola gatunkowego wywiadu audiowizualnego i jego odniesień do gatunków pokrewnych, takich jak: mikrowywiad, konsultacja, rozmowa medialna, dyskusja medialna, debata medialna, talk-show, z wykorzystaniem pojęcia skali paradoksów. Teoretyczno-metodologicznym zapleczem rozważań przedstawionych w artykule są koncepcje genologiczne Marii Wojtak. Skala paradoksów (odniesionych do płaszczyzny strukturalnej, stylistycznej, pragmatycznej i poznawczej wzorca gatunkowego), choć nie stanowi zamkniętego zbioru przeciwieństw, pozwala względnie precyzyjnie opisać cechy dystynktywne wariantów wzorca gatunkowego wywiadu audiowizualnego i zbliżonych do niego dialogowych form wypowiedzi medialnych oraz wyznaczyć granice pola gatunkowego lub miejsca ich rozmycia – przestrzenie liminalne, „pomiędzy” („betwixt and between”). Zaproponowany syntetyczno-porównawczy model opisu opiera się zarówno na własnych, jak i zaczerpniętych z literatury przedmiotu badaniach empirycznych.
Nomination and Predication as Profiling Tools in Media Discourse
Authors: Hanus Anna , Kaczmarek Dorota
Published: October 2024

The article concerns the phenomenon of profiling as a cognitive concept and a research paradigm implemented in German discourse linguistics and used successfully in the linguistic discourse analysis. The contrastive analysis is carried out based on the Polish and German-language research corpus. The analysis aims to reconstruct the profiles of the controversial biographers in the press – Artur Domosławski (author of Kapuściński’s biography), and Gerhard Gnauck (author of Reich-Ranicki’s biography). In this approach, profiling in the media discourse is understood as a dynamic process, pointing to journalists’ competing and mutually combating positions and points of view, embedded in different cultures. Based on the theoretical assumptions and the specificity of the corpus, important questions arise about who profiles whom, what perspective they adopt and what linguistic practices they use. The analysis will examine nominations (referential forms) and predications (predicative forms) in the context of their potential for profiling discourse actors. The selected tools will allow us to reconstruct the culturally specific profiles of both biographers.
Normalizacja niegrzeczności czy moralna panika? O wyrażaniu niechęci wobec dzieci w internecie
Authors: Bańczyk Emilia
Published: October 2024

Artykuł dotyczy językowego wyrażania niechęci wobec dzieci w internecie. Autorka analizuje za pomocą lingwistyki dyskursu wypowiedzi z incydentalnej strony na Facebooku Nie lubię dzieci jako namiastkę i ilustrację problemu. Swoiste studium przypadku stanowi punkt wyjścia do rozważań nad wyrażaniem niechęci do dzieci w kontekście takich pojęć, jak: panika moralna, normalizacja niegrzeczności i bezwstydu oraz dyskryminacja. Autorka postrzega otwarte wyrażanie niechęci jako zagrożenie dla integralności społeczeństwa.
Polish-language groups related to autism on Facebook – language analysis of the groups’ descriptions
Authors: Góra Katarzyna
Published: October 2024

The aim of the study, grounded in semantics and language discourse, is to examine and describe Polish-language Facebook groups related to autism in terms of the key purposes and needs expressed in the descriptions and names of the groups. The pilot study made it possible to indicate the following categories communicated implicitly and explicitly by the creators of the group descriptions: support (emotional and informational), providing safety and acceptance, exchange of experiences, raising awareness (advocacy and development of parental competencies), socialization, therapy and treatment, advertising and offering services, organization of free time. Research on discourse concerning autism in social media is critical in enhancing the understanding of the social context in which autistic people and their relatives function.
Turkish loanwords in the language and minds of young Croatians (based on survey research)
Authors: Fałowski Przemysław
Published: October 2024

The presence and status of Turkish loanwords in modern Croatian are issues that have not been described in detail in the scholarly literature to date. When this topic was addressed, it was usually in a broader context, particularly in discussions concerning so-called Serbisms. The focus of this article is on the attitudes of young Croatians towards Turkish loanwords. To investigate this issue, a survey was conducted, which was completed by 589 respondents born and residing in Croatia. The opinions of young Croatians regarding the phenomenon of borrowing from foreign languages and especially the use of specific Turkish loanwords were compared with corpus data and information provided in dictionaries and language guides. The research revealed a high level of tolerance among young Croatians towards foreign borrowings, including those from Turkish. Moreover, contrary to the prescriptive recommendations formulated in dictionaries and language guides, respondents use Turkish loanwords on a daily basis, and consider some native synonyms to be artificial and marked.
Zur Verwendung des Honorifikums 先生 (xiānsheng, „Herr“) für Frauen im Chinesischen
Authors: Duan Jiye , Lin Hongyu , Aptacy Jarosław
Published: October 2024

Die direkte Motivation für diesen Artikel ist die anhaltende Diskussion in der Volksrepublik China um die Ehrenanrede anerkannter Frauen mit 先生 (xiānsheng = „Herr“). Trotz des Fehlens des grammatischen Genus im Mandarin wird das Wort xiānsheng 先生 normalerweise für Männer verwendet, es hat jedoch auch eine lange Tradition, es für prominente Frauen zu verwenden. Um die bisherigen Forschungsergebnisse zur Einstellung der chinesischen Gesellschaft zu dieser Form zu verifizieren/falsifizieren, wurden Kommentare von Internetnutzern über sechs weithin angesehene chinesische Frauen unter 23 Videos auf den Plattformen Douyin (Tiktok) und Bilibili analysiert. Was die letztgenannte Plattform betrifft, so ergab die Analyse, dass es ähnlich viele Befürworter und Gegner der Verwendung von xiānsheng gibt, während auf Douyin die Befürworter dieser Form deutlich überwiegen. Die Ergebnisse unserer Analyse unterscheiden sich von denen aus früheren Studien, was möglicherweise auf Unterschiede bei der Auswahl der Kontrollgruppe zurückzuführen ist. Der letzte Teil des Artikels präsentiert Vorschläge für Anreden anerkannter Frauen im Mandarin, die im Einklang mit dem Geist der Gleichberechtigung stehen und frei von Sexismus sind.
Comparison of the definite article in Gothic and Greek: a case study of the Gospel of Mark
Authors: Kida Ireneusz
Published: October 2024

This paper examines the usage of the definite article in the Gothic version of the Gospel of Mark and its parallel Greek counterpart, which served as the foundation for the Gothic translation. While the Gothic text is often considered a literal reflection of the Greek text, our analysis reveals significant differences between the two languages, particularly concerning the definite article. These disparities extend beyond mere quantity and encompass variations in grammatical cases, namely nominative, genitive, dative, and accusative. The analysis of the Gospel of Mark yields the following overall perspective. In 421 instances (equivalent to 20.83% of the total 2021 attested places of interest), Gothic mirrors Greek by employing definite articles in the same positions as Greek. Moreover, in 737 instances (equivalent to 36.46% of the total 2021 attested places of interest), Gothic aligns with Greek by omitting definite articles where Greek does not use them. Notably, out of the total 2021 instances of interest in the Gospel of Mark, Gothic omits the definite article 863 times where Greek includes it, accounting for 42.70% of the total instances. Specifically, at Gothic parts of speech (usually nouns) appearing in the nominative case, the article is omitted 241 times (27.92% out of 863), in the genitive case 117 times (13.55% out of 863), in the dative case 248 times (28.73% out of 863), and in the accusative case 257 times (29.77% out of 863). Taken together, in 1158 instances (57.29% of 2021) Gothic faithfully follows Greek, either by employing definite articles (421 instances) or by omitting them (737 instances) in corresponding positions, whereas in 863 instances (42.70% of 2021) Gothic deviates from Greek by not using definite articles in corresponding positions. To facilitate our study, we have created a manually annotated corpus of the Gothic Bible since existing corpora of Gothic do not adequately address this phenomenon. Thus, like our previous investigations, this empirical study relies on a corpus-based analysis.
Między dokładnością a przybliżeniem. Wybrane wykładniki aproksymacji liczbowej w historii polszczyzny
Authors: Janowska Aleksandra
Published: October 2024

Wykładniki aproksymacji liczbowej stanowią ciekawą i różnorodną grupę w polszczyźnie, por. z 5 kilogramów, bez mała sto książek, prawie dwieście osób. Dotychczasowe badania tej grupy leksykalnej skupiają się przede wszystkim na współczesnym języku. Opracowań materiału historycznego jest znacznie mniej i coraz mocniej odczuwa się ich potrzebę. Autorka zatem podejmuje próbę diachronicznego opisu wybranych zagadnień, związanych z podłożem krystalizowania się znaczeń aproksymacji. W dziejach polszczyzny wśród różnorodnych możliwości wyrażania wskazanych wartości najistotniejsze są te, które bazują na znaczeniu przestrzennym: blisko – daleko (zob. współczesne blisko, około) oraz na treściach związanych z ilością (bez mała, niemal). Jak jednak wykazują badania, podstawą mogą być również sensy wskazujące na dokładność liczbową. Autorka zwraca uwagę na trzy jednostki leksykalne, trzy wykładniki aproksymacji: z (np. z dziesięć łyżek), jako (np. jako sześć grzywien), prawie (prawie sto osób), które takie właśnie miały pierwotnie znaczenie. Przejście znaczeń od ‘tyle ile, dokładnie tyle ile’ do przybliżenia liczbowego nie jest przypadkowe. Związane jest z zanikaniem pewnego archaicznego typu opisu kwantytatywnego, ale też wynika z własności relacji podobieństwa, na której opierają się analizowane sensy.
Rates and predictors of loss to follow-up for sporadic vestibular schwannomas undergoing imaging surveillance
Authors: Morshed Ramin A. , Bauman Megan M. , Alexander Marcus , Alegre Miguel Saez , Peris Celda Maria , Van Gompel Jamie J. , Neff Brian A. , Carlson Matthew L. , Driscoll Colin L. , Link Michael J.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Imaging surveillance with serial MRI, or a "wait-and-scan" approach, is a management option for patients with small or medium-sized vestibular schwannomas (VSs). Prior publications have indicated no distinct quality of life advantage to upfront treatment compared with initial wait-and-scan management. However, imaging surveillance is dependent on patient adherence to follow-up. In this study, the authors aimed to identify rates and predictors of patient loss to follow-up during wait-and-scan management of sporadic VS.

METHODS

A single-center study was conducted including all patients from 2013 to 2018 who had undergone upfront imaging surveillance of sporadic VS. Patient data were retrospectively obtained from the electronic medical record. Outcomes of interest included loss to follow-up unrelated to death and inconsistent adherence to imaging surveillance recommendations. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to evaluate factors associated with loss to follow-up.

RESULTS

Over a 6-year study period, 270 patients underwent initial imaging surveillance of a sporadic VS. The median tumor diameter was 8.6 mm (range 1–28.9 mm). At the time of censoring, 106 patients (39.3%) had received treatment, 157 (58.1%) had been advised to continue follow-up, and 7 (2.6%) had died of non–VS-related causes. In total, 73 patients (27.0%) were completely lost to follow-up prior to the first treatment or death. Additionally, 60 patients (22.2%) missed at least 1 MRI follow-up or imaging follow-up was delayed by more than 1 year. Multivariable logistic regression identified an out-of-state residence (OR 3.05, 95% CI 1.58–5.89, p = 0.0009) and a smaller tumor size (unit OR per 1-mm increase in size, OR 0.88, 95% CI 0.83–0.95, p = 0.0006) to be associated with loss to follow-up. Patients living ≥ 350 miles from the hospital or with tumors ≤ 3 mm at the time of initial clinic evaluation were most likely to be lost to follow-up. Only a smaller tumor size was associated with an increased risk of inconsistent imaging follow-up (unit OR per 1-mm increase in size, OR 0.92, 95% CI 0.87–0.98, p = 0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

Patients undergoing imaging surveillance of VS are at risk for loss to follow-up and inconsistent imaging surveillance. Patients with smaller tumors or those living farther away from the treating institution are at highest risk for being lost to follow-up.
Chordoma incidence, treatment, and survival in the 21st century: a population-based Ontario cohort study
Authors: Shakil Husain , Malhotra Armaan K. , Essa Ahmad , Landry Alexander P. , Suppiah Suganth , Sahgal Arjun , Dea Nicolas , Zadeh Gelareh , Fehlings Michael G. , Witiw Christopher D. , Wilson Jefferson R.
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

This study estimates the incidence, treatment patterns, and overall survival for patients with chordoma treated in Ontario.

METHODS

A 17-year (2003–2019) population-based cohort study was conducted, including all patients in the Ontario Cancer Registry with histologically proven chordoma. Primary outcomes of interest were age-standardized annual incidence, overall survival, and rates of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and open resection.

RESULTS

A total of 208 patients were diagnosed with chordoma over the study period: 97 patients with skull base chordoma, 37 with mobile spine chordoma, and 65 with sacropelvic chordoma. A total of 133 patients were treated with either open or endoscopic surgery, of whom 99 were also treated with some form of radiation therapy. Across the 17-year study period, the average annual age-standardized incidence was 12.04 cases per 10 million (95% CI 9.31–14.78 cases per 10 million). There was no significant change in the annual incidence rate over the study period (average annual percent change 2.27, 95% CI −1.74 to 6.44; p = 0.25). The odds of receiving radiation therapy or chemotherapy significantly increased by 8% per year (95% CI 1%–16% per year, p = 0.036) over the study period. The odds of receiving open resection significantly decreased by 14% per year (95% CI 8%–20% per year, p < 0.001). The odds of receiving endoscopic surgery among patients with skull base chordoma increased by 38% per year (95% CI 22%–60% per year, p < 0.001), while the odds of patients receiving biopsy alone did not change significantly over the study period (p = 0.684). After diagnosis of chordoma, the 5-, 10-, and 15-year overall survival probabilities were 0.74 (95% CI 0.69–0.81), 0.58 (95% CI 0.51–0.67), and 0.48 (95% CI 0.40 to 0.59), respectively. There was no significant association between hazard of death and year of diagnosis (p = 0.126) or anatomical location (p = 0.712, skull base vs mobile spine chordoma; p = 0.518 skull base vs sacropelvic chordoma).

CONCLUSIONS

Chordoma is a rare disease with no significant change in the average annual incidence rate between 2003 to 2019. During this time, treatment with less invasive modalities increased, particularly for skull base chordoma. Overall survival exceeds 10 years for many patients, with no change in the hazard of death across the study period.
Electrocorticography and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation–tailored supratotal resection for epileptogenic low-grade gliomas
Authors: Battista Francesca , Muscas Giovanni , Parenti Alberto , Bonaudo Camilla , Gadda Davide , Martinelli Cristiana , Carrai Riccardo , Amadori Andrea , Grippo Antonello , Della Puppa Alessandro
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Epilepsy is commonly associated with low-grade gliomas (LGGs), impacting patients’ well-being. While resection is the primary treatment, seizures can persist postoperatively in 27%–55% of cases. The authors aimed to evaluate an electrocorticography (ECoG) and navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (nTMS)–tailored supratotal resection (ETT-SpTR) for LGG in controlling seizures, preserving neurological function, and enhancing treatment effectiveness.

METHODS

The authors retrospectively analyzed a prospectively enrolled cohort of patients with LGG presenting with epileptic seizures with ictal/interictal activity on electroencephalography (EEG) who underwent resective surgery. The authors performed preoperative nTMS to identify functional cortical areas. ECoG was used to guide the removal of the high-risk epilepsy cortical areas (HREAs). Patients were divided into two groups: group I, the control group, underwent gross-total resection alone, whereas group II patients underwent removal of HREAs identified by ECoG (ETT-SpTR). Resection avoided functionally eloquent areas as identified on nTMS, checked with cortical mapping. Postoperative seizure outcome was assessed using the Engel classification.

RESULTS

Fifteen patients who underwent LGG resection between January and July 2023 were included. Among 24 identified nTMS-positive points, none were included in the resection. Overall, 73.3% of patients (11/15) showed positive intraoperative ECoG, with better outcomes in group II (85.7% Engel class IA) than in group I (25% Engel class IA) at the follow-up (p = 0.02, OR 0.5 [95% CI 0.035–7.10], RR 0.19 [95% CI 0.03–1.2]). Seizure control was significantly better in group II, with no notable differences in postoperative transient neurological deficits between the two groups (p = 0.45). No permanent neurological deficits were observed during follow-up. Statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the two groups (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONS

This preliminary study affirms the predictive value of TMS for postoperative neurological status and safety in epileptic patients. Intraoperative ECoG effectively identified peritumoral HREAs. ETT-SpTR significantly improved epileptic outcomes, preserving functions without permanent neurological worsening. Additional resection targets the HREAs in the temporal, frontal, and parietal lobes.
Wartime penetrating traumatic brain injury of the anterior skull base involving the paranasal sinuses: a single-center, first-year experience from Dnipro, Ukraine
Authors: Sirko Andrii , Berlin Connor , Tsang Siny , Naik Bhiken I. , Armonda Rocco
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Since February 2022, the number of casualties in the Russian-Ukrainian war have dramatically increased, with a high incidence of penetrating traumatic brain injuries (pTBIs). To date, there has been limited evaluation of pTBI of the anterior skull base involving the paranasal sinuses. The objective of this study was to highlight the authors’ experience with this injury pattern and identify specific factors associated with favorable short-term (1-month) outcome and survival.

METHODS

The authors conducted a single-institution retrospective review of patient data collected from the 1st year of the Russian-Ukrainian war at a frontline civilian Ukrainian hospital. To prevent complications from conservative treatment of pTBI with paranasal sinus injury, a protocol of early primary neurosurgical treatment including debridement/hematoma evacuation, repair of dural defects with vascularized pericranial flaps, and titanium plating of external/skull base defects was implemented. Using 1-month postoperative Glasgow Outcome Scale scores, the authors defined a favorable outcome as good recovery/moderate disability and a poor outcome as severe disability/vegetative state/death. Patient demographics, injury characteristics, imaging findings, and postoperative complications were assessed. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the effect of patient characteristics on unfavorable outcome or survival.

RESULTS

From February 2022 to February 2023, there were 141 pTBIs (20%) involving the paranasal sinuses, 134 (95%) due to blast fragmentation. One hundred eighteen patients (84%) had a favorable outcome. Most patients with pTBIs (69%) had other nonbrain-related injuries. While 48 patients (34%) presented with preoperative CSF leak, only 1 patient (0.7%) had persistent postoperative CSF leak, which was managed with lumbar drainage. High admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, favorable injury lateralization (single hemisphere involved), and low Injury Severity Score (ISS) were associated with significantly increased odds of favorable short-term outcome, whereas high admission GCS scores and no midline shift were associated with significantly increased odds of survival.

CONCLUSIONS

This was the largest single-year study on neurosurgical treatment of wartime pTBI involving the paranasal sinuses. Implementation of primary neurosurgical intervention at the time of presentation demonstrated promising early results and a shift away from expectant management of this injury pattern. The association of high admission GCS score, low ISS, favorable injury lateralization, and no midline shift on favorable short-term outcomes or survival has not been previously documented with this injury pattern.
Could indirect decompression occur for cord compression by the ligamentum flavum with anterior cervical discectomy and fusion?
Authors: Lee Dong-Ho , Park Sehan , Hwang Chang Ju , Cho Jae Hwan
Published: October 2024

OBJECTIVE

Cord compression by the ligamentum flavum (CCLF) has been reported to adversely affect the clinical outcomes of anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). While indirect decompression does occur for foraminal stenosis with ACDF, whether ACDF could improve CCLF with the distraction of disc space remains unclear. This study aimed to identify 1) whether indirect decompression occurs for CCLF with ACDF, and 2) risk factors that hinder the improvement of CCLF.

METHODS

This retrospective cohort study included 119 patients who underwent ACDF for the treatment of cervical myelopathy and CCLF was detected on preoperative MRI. Patients who demonstrated improvement in CCLF grade after ACDF were included in the improved group, while those who did not show improvement were classified as the unimproved group. Patient characteristics, cervical sagittal parameters, neck and arm pain visual analog scale score, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) score were assessed. A comparison between the improved and unimproved groups was performed. Regression analyses were performed to identify factors associated with CCLF grade improvement.

RESULTS

Overall, 58.0% (69/119) of patients showed improvement in CCLF grade after ACDF. CCLF grade did not improve in the remaining 42.0% (50/119) of patients, and 3.4% (4/119) of patients experienced aggravation of CCLF after ACDF. Preoperative spondylolisthesis (OR 0.252, 95% CI 0.090–0.711; p = 0.009) and greater segmental lordosis 3 months postoperatively (OR 0.835, 95% CI 0.731–0.953; p = 0.008) were the factors that hindered the improvement of CCLF after ACDF. Furthermore, patients with higher pre- or postoperative CCLF grades showed significantly less improvement in JOA score 2 years postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONS

Indirect decompression for CCLF with ACDF is not reliable because 42.0% of patients did not demonstrate improvement in CCLF grade after the operation. Preoperative spondylolisthesis and postoperative increased segmental lordosis were risk factors for failure of CCLF improvement. Both pre- and postoperative higher CCLF grades were associated with poor neurological recovery 2 years postoperatively.
The 2024 Presidential Address. The power of humility
Authors: Asher Anthony L.
Published: October 2024

Physicians generally underestimate their potential to influence social progress, despite substantial precedents for medical professionals leading important societal transformations. The author believes that our times require we challenge the notion that physicians have limited influence beyond clinical settings. Our voice is powerful and important. It needs to be heard.

In light of these considerations, the author chose "What Matters" as the theme of the 2024 American Association of Neurological Surgeons (AANS) Annual Scientific Meeting held in Chicago on May 3–6. The topic was reflective of his personal conviction that physicians, by virtue of the public respect and goodwill maintained through their dedication to the art and science of medicine, possess unparalleled potential to enhance both individual and societal health and well-being.

The 2024 AANS scientific program committee determined to create an unprecedented program that would allow the community of neurosurgery to engage with some of the greatest minds in American medicine, academics, journalism, technology and public life. All contributors were invited to weave their insights regarding what truly matters into a broad, thought-provoking intellectual and spiritual tapestry. Universally resonant themes such as empathy, innovation, resilience, leadership, value, trust and equity framed the cooperative dialogues, emphasizing our shared humanity and the core values uniting us—despite our differences.

The objectives for the 2024 Annual Meeting were ambitious: to consider as a professional community themes of utmost importance to our professional and personal lives; to catalyze a profound reevaluation of our collective objectives; to envision an expanded common mission; and to inspire visionary leaders to collaborate on creating lasting value—both for the patients who are the principal focus of our shared devotion, and for society writ large.