bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Total breast reconstruction with lipofilling after traditional mastectomy without the use of tissue expanders
Authors: Homsy Pauliina , Höckerstedt Anna , Hukkinen Katja , Kauhanen Susanna
Published: February 2023

Background:

Lipofilling can be used to reconstruct a breast without additional implants or autologous composite grafts. However, methods to maximize retention of the transferred fat remain under debate. Here we present our experience of breast reconstruction with lipofilling without concomitant use of tissue expanders.

Methods:

Patients who had completed breast reconstruction with lipofilling between June 2010 and June 2016 were reviewed. Those with obtainable follow-up MRI imaging were included in this cross-sectional study. The hospital records were reviewed for details of the lipofilling operations. MRI images were evaluated for the volume retention and quality of the transferred fat. The patients were asked to assess the appearance and sensitivity of the reconstructed breast, the recovery time, and any adverse effects at the fat donor area.

Results:

38 women with 41 reconstructed breasts were included in the study. The median age at follow-up was 62 (range 48-78). They had undergone a median 4 (2-6) lipofilling procedures with a median total volume 690 (369-1350)ml. After a median 2.1 (0.4-6.8) year follow-up, the median proportion of transferred fat retained was 58 (14-119)%, representing reconstructed breast volume 76 (17-100)% of the contralateral breast. Oil cysts larger than 10mm were detected in 7%. Most patients reported being satisfied with the reconstructed breast and experienced few side effects.

Conclusions:

Breast reconstruction with lipofilling can be performed with an acceptable number of procedures and no preoperative skin expansion. It extends the option of autologous breast reconstruction to women unsuitable for major reconstructive procedures.
Objectifying the Antagonistic Role of the Depressor Anguli Oris Muscle in Synkinetic Smile Formation Utilizing High-Resolution Ultrasound- A Prospective Study
Authors: Kehrer Andreas , Ruewe Marc , Klebuc Michael , Platz Batista da Silva Natascha , Lonic Daniel , Heidkrueger Paul , Knoedler Samuel , Jung Ernst-Michael , Prantl Lukas , Knoedler Leonard
Published: February 2023

Background:

In facial palsy (FP) patients synkinesis of the Depressor Anguli Oris muscle (DAO) is a common pathology impairing dynamic and resting facial symmetry. This prospective study utilizes high-resolution ultrasound (HRUS) to evaluate the morphological features of the DAO and to quantify bilateral differences in DAO cross-sectional diameter (CSD) in individuals with unilateral synkinesis.

Methods:

From June 2020 to May 2021 30 patients (19 women, 11 men) with clinically diagnosed unilateral synkinesis underwent evaluation with HRUS. DAO, CSD was measured bilaterally, 1 cm inferior to the modiolus in both the resting and smiling positions.

Results:

The Sunnybrook Facial Grading System Synkinesis Score was 6.20 ± 2.48 [0 – 10]. DAO CSD at rest measured 2.41 ± 0.67 mm [1.40 - 4.00 mm] on the control side and 2.66 ± 0.98 mm [1.60 - 5.10 mm] on the affected side, respectively. The DAO on the control side, CSD reduced by - 0.19 ± 0.43 mm [-1.10 - 1.12 mm] when smiling. In contrast, the synkinetic DAO CSD increased by 0.64 ± 0.38 mm [0.00 - 1.59 mm] (p< 0.001) with animation.

The pattern of increased CSD in synkinetic DAO muscles and decreased or unchanged CSD on the control side when smiling was identified in 70% of patients.

Conclusions:

High resolution ultrasound demonstrates increased CSD in synkinetic DAO muscles during active smiling. The opposite is true for DAO muscles on the control side that exhibit decreased CSD with animation. HRUS may be performed preoperatively to objectify DAO dysfunction and guide targeted therapy.
Ultra-Thin Anterolateral Thigh Free Flap: An Adipocutaneous Flap with the Most Superficial Elevation Plane
Authors: Cha Han Gyu , Hur Joon , Ahn Chris , Hong Joon Pio (Jp) , Suh Hyunsuk Peter
Published: February 2023

Background:

Although many efforts have been made to create thinner anterolateral thigh (ALT) flaps, their thickness varies among patients and may be still too thick to match the shallow defects. We successfully harvested an ALT flap through the most superficial elevation plane, the superficial fat layer, which was useful to match the shallow defects.

Methods:

All patients who underwent ALT free flap reconstruction for upper and lower distal extremity defects were divided into groups by ALT flap elevation plane retrospectively (thin, above the deep fascia; super-thin, at the superficial fascia; and ultra-thin, through the superficial fat). Preoperative CT angiography and duplex ultrasonography planning were done in all patients. Anatomical characteristics of donor subcutaneous tissue and surgical details, including flap thickness, size, and incidence of flap necrosis were compared among the groups and between sexes.

Results:

The average deep and superficial fascial depths were 16.7 and 10.8 mm, 12.5 and 8.2 mm, and 9.1 and 5.6 mm (p<0.05), and the average flap thickness was 5.8 mm, 7.9 mm, and 7.8 mm (p=0.29) in the ultra-thin, super-thin, and thin ALT groups, respectively. No significant intergroup differences existed in flap size or complications. The deep and superficial fascia were located significantly deeper in females (9.4 and 6.0 mm in males, 14.9 and 9.6 mm in females, respectively).

Conclusions:

With precise preoperative planning, the most superficially elevated ultra-thin ALT flap can achieve optimal reconstructions of thin body areas. Females with thicker thigh and patients with a high BMI would benefit from this flap.
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and HIV: analysis of a province-wide cohort during 2018 and 2019
Authors: Slogrove Amy L. , Davies Mary-Ann , Phelanyane Florence , De Beer Shani , Theron Gerhard , Williams Paige L. , Abrams Elaine J. , Cotton Mark F. , Boulle Andrew
Published: February 2023

Objective:

We evaluated the prevalence of de novo hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (dnHDP) in pregnant people with HIV (PPHIV) in the Western Cape Province, South Africa in 2018–2019 by HIV and antiretroviral therapy (ART) status.

Methods:

All people with a pregnancy outcome from 1 January 2018 to 31 December 2019 in the Western Cape Provincial Health Data Centre (WCPHDC) were included. The WCPHDC integrates data from multiple electronic platforms according to unique identifiers. dnHDP was classified by ICD-10 code or first-time prescription of antihypertensive drugs less than 140 days before delivery. Pregnant people with preexisting hypertension without superimposed preeclampsia/eclampsia were not considered to have dnHDP. Adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) for dnHDP by HIV/ART status were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance.

Results:

Among 180 553 pregnant people studied, 13 677 (7.6%) had dnHDP and 33 978 (18.8%) were PPHIV. Among PPHIV, 11.3% (N = 3827) had no evidence of ART, 59.7% (N = 20 283) initiated ART preconception and 29.0% (N = 9868) had ART initiated during pregnancy. Compared to those without HIV (7.7%), dnHDP prevalence was lower in PPHIV with preconception [6.9%; aPR 0.78; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.74–0.83] or pregnancy-initiated ART (7.0%; aPR 0.83; 95% CI 0.75–0.92) and higher in PPHIV without ART (9.8%; aPR 1.17; 95% CI 1.06–1.29) adjusted for maternal age, multiparity, multigestation pregnancy and preexisting hypertension. ART duration by delivery of at least 100 weeks versus pregnancy-initiated ART of 20–<40 weeks was protective (aPR 0.88; 95% CI 0.78–0.98).

Conclusions:

In the context of universal ART, these findings are reassuring for most PPHIV. ART was not associated with increased dnHDP prevalence and longer ART duration was protective.
Measuring the energy landscape: an experimental approach to the study of buckling in thin shells
Authors: Lachmann Sagy , Rubinstein Shmuel M.
Published: February 2023

Recent research into the buckling load of thin shells has focused on local poking of the shell. In this approach, the shell is poked under load to extract its
stability landscape
, and a
ridge tracking
method is performed to estimate the buckling load of the shell. It is the current understanding that the stability landscape measures the local stability of the shell and, as a result, that the accuracy of ridge tracking greatly relies on the location of poking. Currently, there is no method that can predict where poking should be performed on an experimental system. Here, we examine the global response of thin shells to poking through the energy landscape. We present an experimental method for measuring the energy landscape of thin shells and demonstrate its application on a thin plate strip. We show that by analysing the dynamics of the shell in the energy landscape we can experimentally measure the buckling mode of the system, which gives the correct point of poking for accurate ridge tracking, and identify two kinds of buckling points. Finally, we propose how this approach can be applied to more complex systems such as thin cylinders.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells’.
Hitting the mark: probing at the initiation site allows for accurate prediction of a thin shell’s buckling load
Authors: Cuccia Nicholas L. , Kumar Yadav Kshitij , Serlin Marec , Virot Emmanuel , Gerasimidis Simos , Rubinstein Shmuel M.
Published: February 2023

Geometric imperfections are understood to play an essential part in the buckling of a thin shell, but how multiple defects interact to control the onset of failure remains unclear. Here, we examine the failure of real cylindrical shells by experimentally poking soda cans with a large imparted dimple. By high-speed imaging of the can’s surface, the initiation of buckling from axial loading is directly observed, revealing that larger dimples tend to set the initial buckling location. However, the influence of the shell’s background geometric imperfections can still occasionally dominate, causing initiation to occur far from the dimple. In this situation, probing at the dimple leads to an over-prediction of the axial capacity. Using finite-element simulations, we understand our experimental results as a competition between the large dimple and the shell’s inherent defect structure. In our simulations, we empirically observe a deformation-based criterion that connects the ideal poking location to the initiation site.

This article is part of the theme issue ‘Probing and dynamics of shock sensitive shells’.
Use of machine learning for triage and transfer of ICU patients in the Covid-19 pandemic period: Scope Review
Authors: Graça Lia Da , Padrini Lucio , Moraes Richarlisson , Rodrigues Anacleta , Fernandes Hugo , de Lima Alexandre Barbosa , Taminato Monica
Published: February 2023

Objective

To map, summarize and analyze the available studies on the use of artificial intelligence, for both triage and transfer of patients in intensive care units in situations of bed shortage crisis so that health teams and organizations make decisions based on updated technological tools of triage and transfer.

Methods

Scope review made in the databases Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, Cochrane, LILACS, Scielo, IEEE, ACM and the novel Rayyan Covid database were searched. Supplementary studies were searched in the references of the identified primary studies. The time restriction is from 2020, and there was no language restriction. All articles aiming at the use of machine learning within the field of artificial intelligence in healthcare were included, as well as studies using data analysis for triage and reallocation of elective patients to ICU vacancies within the specific context of crises, pandemics, and Covid-19 outbreak. Studies involving readmission of patients were excluded.

Results

The results excluded specific triage such as oncological patients, emergency room, telemedicine and non structured data.

Conclusion

Machine learning can help ICU triage, bed management and patient transfer with the use of artificial intelligence in situations of crisis and outbreaks.

Descriptors

Artificial Intelligence. Machine learning. Intensive Care Units. Triage. Patient Transfer. COVID-19.
Control of coronary lymphangiogenesis by epicardial VEGFC/D
Authors: de la Cruz Ester , Cadenas Vanessa , Temiño Susana , Oliver Guillermo , Torres Miguel
Published: February 2023

The contractile ability of the mammalian heart critically relies on blood coronary circulation, essential to provide oxygen and nutrients to myocardial cells. In addition, the lymphatic vasculature is essential for the myocardial immune response, extracellular fluid homeostasis and response to injury. Recent studies identified different origins of coronary lymphatic endothelial cells, however, the cues that govern coronary lymphangiogenesis remain unknown. Here we show that the coronary lymphatic vasculature develops in intimate contact with the epicardium and with epicardial-derived cells. The epicardium expresses the lymphangiogenic cytokine VEGFC and its conditional elimination from the epicardium abrogates coronary lymphatic vasculature development. Interestingly, VEGFD is also expressed in the epicardium and cooperates with VEGFC in coronary lymphangiogenesis, but it does so only in females, uncovering an unsuspected sex-specific role for this cytokine. These results identify a role for the epicardium/subepicardium as a signalling niche required for coronary lymphangiogenesis and VEGFC/D as essential mediators of this role.
Collagen co-localised with macrovesicular steatosis for fibrosis progression in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Wang Xiao-Xiao , Jin Rui , Li Xiao-He , Yang Qiang , Teng Xiao , Liu Fang-Fang , Wu Nan , Rao Hui-Ying , Liu Feng
Published: February 2023

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a commonly occurring liver disease; however, its exact pathogenesis is not fully understood. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively evaluate the progression of steatosis and fibrosis by examining their distribution, morphology, and co-localisation in NAFLD animal models. qSteatosis showed a good correlation with steatosis grade (R:0.823–0.953,P<0.05) and demonstrated high performance (area under the curve [AUC]: 0.617–1) in all six mouse models. Based on their high correlation with histological scoring, qFibrosis containing four shared parameters were selected to create a linear model that could accurately identify differences among fibrosis stages (AUC: 0.725–1). qFibrosis co-localised with macrosteatosis generally correlated better with histological scoring and had a higher AUC in all six animal models (AUC: 0.846–1). Quantitative assessment using second-harmonic generation/two-photon excitation fluorescence imaging technology can be used to monitor different types of steatoses and fibrosis progression in NAFLD models. The collagen co-localised with macrosteatosis could better differentiate fibrosis progression and might aid in developing a more reliable and translatable fibrosis evaluation tool for animal models of NAFLD.
Targeting GDF15 as a potential therapy for low back pain originating from endplate
Authors: Li Xiaoqun , Wu Jinhui , Kong Qingjie , Hu Miao , Wei Ziheng , Jiang Heng , Zhang Zheng , Gao Runze , Zhou Xuhui , Ma Jun
Published: February 2023

The overactivation of osteoclasts in the endplate is one of the most important causes of low back pain (LBP) originating from endplate. Transforming growth factor-β family has been demonstrated to play an important role during osteoclast differentiation. GDF15 was reported to participate in several pathological states. In this study, we reported that the lumbar spine instability (LSI) induced the overactivation of osteoclasts and CD31hiEmcnhiendothelial vessels in the bony endplate. In addition, the expression of GDF15 in human disc samples and mice models were also increased. GDF15 could promote the fusion of preosteoclasts via Rac1/Cdc42/PAK/Cofilin axis, and facilitate the angiogenesis via the secretion of PDGF-BB. Furthermore, we proved that the GDF15 inhibitor, CTL-002 could reduce the expression of GDF15 in the endplate and alleviate the overactivation of osteoclasts and CD31hiEmcnhiendothelial vessels induced by LSI in vivo. In conclusion, we demonstrated that GDF15 could regulates the fusion of preosteoclasts and targeting GDF15 in the endplate served as a novel anabolic therapy for low back pain treatment.
Efficient megakaryopoiesis and platelet production require phospholipid remodeling and PUFA uptake through CD36
Authors: Barrachina Maria N , Pernes Gerard , Becker Isabelle C , Allaeys Isabelle , Hirsch Thomas I. , Groeneveld Dafna J , Khan Abdullah O. , Freire Daniela , Guo Karen , Carminita Estelle , Morgan Pooranee K , Collins Thomas J , Mellett Natalie A , Wei Zimu , Almazni Ibrahim , Italiano Joseph E. , Luyendyk James , Meikle Peter J , Puder Mark , Morgan Neil V. , Boilard Eric , Murphy Andrew J , Machlus Kellie R
Published: February 2023

Lipids contribute to hematopoiesis and membrane properties and dynamics, however, little is known about the role of lipids in megakaryopoiesis. Here, a lipidomic analysis of megakaryocyte progenitors, megakaryocytes, and platelets revealed a unique lipidome progressively enriched in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-containing phospholipids. In vitro, inhibition of both exogenous fatty acid functionalization and uptake and de novo lipogenesis impaired megakaryocyte differentiation and proplatelet production. In vivo, mice on a high saturated fatty acid diet had significantly lower platelet counts, which was prevented by eating a PUFA-enriched diet. Fatty acid uptake was largely dependent on CD36, and its deletion in mice resulted in thrombocytopenia. Moreover, patients with a CD36 loss-of-function mutation exhibited thrombocytopenia and increased bleeding. Our results suggest that fatty acid uptake and regulation is essential for megakaryocyte maturation and platelet production, and that changes in dietary fatty acids may be a novel and viable target to modulate platelet counts.
A genome-wide nucleosome-resolution map of promoter-centered interactions in human cells corroborates the enhancer-promoter looping model
Authors: Golov Arkadiy K. , Gavrilov Alexey A. , Kaplan Noam , Razin Sergey V.
Published: February 2023

The enhancer-promoter looping model, in which enhancers activate their target genes via physical contact, has long dominated the field of gene regulation. However, the ubiquity of this model has been questioned due to evidence of alternative mechanisms and the lack of its systematic validation, primarily owing to the absence of suitable experimental techniques. In this study, we present a new MNase-based proximity ligation method called MChIP-C, allowing for the measurement of protein-mediated chromatin interactions at single-nucleosome resolution on a genome-wide scale. By applying MChIP-C to study H3K4me3 promoter-centered interactions in K562 cells, we found that it had greatly improved resolution and sensitivity compared to restriction endonuclease-based C-methods. This allowed us to identify EP300 histone acetyltransferase and the SWI/SNF remodeling complex as potential candidates for establishing and/or maintaining enhancer-promoter interactions. Finally, leveraging data from published CRISPRi screens, we found that most functionally-verified enhancers do physically interact with their cognate promoters, supporting the enhancer-promoter looping model.
Flow Physics Explains Morphological Diversity of Ciliated Organs
Authors: Ling Feng , Essock-Burns Tara , McFall-Ngai Margaret , Katija Kakani , Nawroth Janna C , Kanso Eva
Published: February 2023

Organs that pump fluids by the coordinated beat of motile cilia through the lumen are integral to animal physiology. Such organs include the human airways, brain ventricles, and reproductive tracts. Although cilia organization and duct morphology vary drastically in the animal kingdom, ducts are typically classified as either carpet or flame designs. The reason behind this dichotomy and how duct design relates to fluid pumping remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that two structural parameters -- lumen diameter and cilia-to-lumen ratio -- organize the observed duct diversity into a continuous spectrum that connects carpets to flames across all animal phyla. Using a unified fluid model, we show that carpet and flame designs maximize flow rate and pressure generation, respectively. We propose that convergence of ciliated organ designs follows functional constraints rather than phylogenetic distance, along with universal design rules for ciliary pumps.
Three-periodic nets, tilings and surfaces. A short review and new results
Authors: Delgado-Friedrichs Olaf , O'Keeffe Michael , Proserpio Davide M. , Treacy Michael M. J.
Published: February 2023

A brief introductory review is provided of the theory of tilings of 3-periodic nets and related periodic surfaces. Tilings have a transitivity [p q r s] indicating the vertex, edge, face and tile transitivity. Proper, natural and minimal-transitivity tilings of nets are described. Essential rings are used for finding the minimal-transitivity tiling for a given net. Tiling theory is used to find all edge- and face-transitive tilings (q = r = 1) and to find seven, one, one and 12 examples of tilings with transitivity [1 1 1 1], [1 1 1 2], [2 1 1 1] and [2 1 1 2], respectively. These are all minimal-transitivity tilings. This work identifies the 3-periodic surfaces defined by the nets of the tiling and its dual and indicates how 3-periodic nets arise from tilings of those surfaces.
A review of computational studies on trapped vortex combustors for gas turbine applications
Authors: Surya Narayanan Subramanian , K.M. Parammasivam
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to comprehensively evaluate the progress in the development of trapped vortex combustors (TVCs) in the past three decades. The review aims to identify the needs, predict the scope and discuss the challenges of numerical simulations in TVCs applied to gas turbines.

Design/methodology/approach

TVC is an emerging combustion technology for achieving low emissions in gas turbine combustors. The overall operation of such TVCs can be on very lean mixture ratio and hence it helps in achieving high combustion efficiency and low overall emission levels. This review introduces the TVC concept and the evolution of this technology in the past three decades. Various geometries that were explored in TVC research are listed and their operating principles are explained. The review then categorically arranges the progress in computational studies applied to TVCs.

Findings

Analyzing extensive literature on TVCs the review discusses results of numerical simulations of various TVC geometries. Numerical simulations that were used to optimize TVC geometry and to enhance mixing are discussed. Reactive flow studies to comprehend flame stability and emission characteristics are then listed for different TVC geometries.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review is the first of its kind to discuss extensively the computational progress in TVC development specific to gas turbine engines. Earlier review on TVC covers a wide variety of applications including land-based gas turbines, supersonic Ramjets, incinerators and hence compromise on the depth of analysis given to gas turbine engine applications. This review also comprehensively group the numerical studies based on geometry, flow and operating conditions.
Do direct and indirect network externalities matter? Unpacking the causal antecedents of perceived gratifications and user loyalty toward mobile social media
Authors: Pang Hua
Published: February 2023

Purpose

By building and examining an integral model, the principal objectives of this research are to systematically explore how indirect and direct network externalities lead to user loyalty toward WeChat through the mediating effect of perceived gratifications.

Design/methodology/approach

The data were collected through an online survey of 688 young people in Mainland China. To empirically assess the conceptual model, zero-order correlation analyses and structural equation modeling were carried out utilizing web-based data.

Findings

Path analysis results demonstrate that indirect network externalities and direct network externalities exert a significant impact on users' hedonic gratifications and utilitarian gratifications. Moreover, the study discovers the significant mediating influences of utilitarian gratifications on the association between indirect network externalities and user loyalty.

Research limitations/implications

Theoretically, this article may extend the scope of diverse studies on the association between network externalities and perceived gratifications and offer fresh insights into how mobile social media could actually improve user loyalty through enhancing perceived values among younger generation. Practically, this research assists mobile social media practitioners in retaining users and gaining competitive advantages over rival applications.

Originality/value

Although the extraordinary growth of WeChat has successfully become the dominant media by which individuals develop interpersonal network and contact with others, the roles of perceived gratifications between network externalities and user loyalty toward WeChat have not yet been investigated in depth. These obtained outcomes not only enrich the existing literature regarding the relationship between network externalities and affective response, but also offer fresh insights to mobile social media designers, marketers and users.
Effects of the host-country institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises
Authors: Wang Zhixiu , Shi Lifeng , Cui Haiqian
Published: February 2023

Purpose

The operation mode of enterprises will affect its resource commitment in the host country, involving different costs and time, as well as risks. Yet, the current state of knowledge about how the institutional environment affects the operation mode change of international construction enterprises is equivocal. This study aims to explore the impact of a host country's institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises.

Design/methodology/approach

First, this study proposes a model on the impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. Second, this study used the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) published by the World Bank and a questionnaire survey to collect data. Finally, the study employs a multiple regression methodology to test the hypothesis and discusses the results.

Findings

Results highlight that the important impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. The results showed that enterprises are more willing to increase resource commitments under the condition of stable institutional environment. In addition, enterprises' market-specific experience and general international experience, as moderating variables, weaken the impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change. However, general international experience has no significant moderating effect.

Practical implications

The findings of this study provide practical implications for the investment risk assessment of international construction enterprises. Enterprises need to consider the change in institutional quality and institutional instability of the host country, as well as their own international experience when changing operation mode.

Originality/value

This study extends internationalization theory to the international construction field and provided theoretical guidance for the mechanism of operation mode change of international construction enterprises.
Determinants and consequences of maqashid sharia performance: evidence from Islamic banks in Indonesia and Malaysia
Authors: Taufik Muhammad , Muhammad Rifqi , Nugraheni Peni
Published: February 2023

Purpose

This study aims to examine how sharia supervisory board (SSB) characteristics are determinants of the maqashid sharia performance (MSP) of Islamic banks (IBs) and how MSP has implications for profitability and for profit-sharing investment account holders (PSIAHs).

Design/methodology/approach

MSP is ascertained by semi-structured interviews. The SSB characteristics measured are size, cross-membership, education level, expertise, reputation, rotation and remuneration. Annual reports of Indonesian and Malaysian IBs from 2010 to 2018 are analysed using panel data regression.

Findings

In Indonesia, SSB education level attenuates MSP, while other characteristics have only minor influence. However, in Malaysia, SSB size, education and reputation reinforce MSP, while others are ineffective. MSP in both countries is pseudo-Islamic; so their customers ignore religiosity. However, MSP in Malaysia can improve profitability because sharia assurance is more transparent; meanwhile, MSP in Indonesia cannot improve profitability because sharia assurance is less transparent.

Practical implications

In order for MSP to improve in Indonesia, the regulators need to increase SSB size, reduce cross-membership and arrange the format for sharia assurance in SSB reports, while IBs need to increase SSB education and expertise.

Originality/value

MSP is constructed in accordance with legal and social requirements to achieve IBs’ Islamic, economic, social and ethical objectives. Resource dependence theory is used to evaluate SSB, while PSIAH and profitability are investigated to demonstrate the impact of MSP. Finally, comparing SSB capabilities in Indonesia and Malaysia could be beneficial to regulatory and IB policies.
Overcoming the digital transformation paradoxes: a digital affordance perspective
Authors: Qin Ruisheng
Published: February 2023

Purpose

Existing studies have been conducted to explain the process of digital transformation. This work aims to identify the paradoxes encountered by companies in undertaking digital transformation and the role of digital affordances in overcoming these paradoxes.

Design/methodology/approach

This study uses rich empirical data from four traditional Chinese manufacturers that have successfully achieved digital transformation to explain how companies can overcome the digital transformation paradox with the help of digital affordances.

Findings

The authors identify the paradoxes that traditional companies encounter when carrying out data transformation based on the experience of four Chinese traditional manufacturing enterprises that have successfully achieved digital transformation – the paradox of flexibility and stability of organization structure, the paradox of cost and profit and the paradox of perception between executives and employees. Based on this, we propose three digital affordances that play an important role in overcoming the digital transformation paradoxes – digital decentralization, digital agility and digital citizenship.

Originality/value

This study identifies three forms of critical digital affordances and introduces citizenship into digital transformation contexts.
Recent advance in management of herpes simplex in Japan
Authors: Imafuku Shinichi
Published: February 2023

Herpes simplex, a common infection caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV), is transmitted through contact of the skin/mucous membrane and establishes latency in the sensory ganglia for the rest of the life of the host. HSV occasionally reactivates and forms blisters around the lips or genitalia in some patients. Repeated overt symptoms, and, much more frequent, subclinical reactivation in the mucosa, make the host retain anti‐HSV immunity continuously, resulting in maintaining steadily elevated antibody titer at any point after infection. Clinical symptoms differ in primary infection and recurrence. Primary infections sometimes manifest as severe symptoms such as fever and lymphadenopathy in addition to blisters/erosions of the skin, gingiva, lips, and oral mucosa, while recurrent herpes is generally mild. Diagnosing typical herpes simplex is not difficult, but when the course and manifestations are typical, definitive tests to identify HSV infection are limited since serology is not useful except with primary infection. For treatment, safe and effective oral antiviral drugs are available. Patient‐initiated therapy is a new method of administration labeled in Japan. Amenamevir, an inhibitor of viral helicase primase, is available in Japan and labeled in addition to herpes zoster. These new diagnostic and therapeutic tools should be used for better management of herpes simplex.
European oak metabolites shape digestion and fitness of the herbivore Tortrix viridana
Authors: Bertić Marko , Orgel Franziska , Gschwendtner Silvia , Schloter Michael , Moritz Franco , Schmitt‐Kopplin Philippe , Zimmer Ina , Fladung Matthias , Schnitzler Jörg‐Peter , Schroeder Hilke , Ghirardo Andrea
Published: February 2023

Plants harbour a wide range of leaf‐feeding insects whose survival and fitness are influenced by both energy‐rich molecules and phytochemicals in the host foliage. Yet, how leaf host chemical diversity and insect microbiota—key factors in ecological and physiological processes—impact insect nutrition and fitness are still poorly understood.

To study the effects of leaf metabolic composition on insect herbivory resistance and performance, we fed the larvae of the specialist herbivory Tortrix viridana with leaves of susceptible and resistant Quercus robur trees that are characterized by contrasting metabolomes. We analysed the larval performance and mortality, the metabolomes in plant leaves, and in the insects' saliva and faeces by non‐targeted metabolomics. Using chemometrics, mass difference network analysis and metabarcoding, we show the metabolome changes and chemical reactions associated with the different diets as well as their impact on insect fitness and gut microbiota.

In the saliva and faeces of larvae, plant secondary metabolites (e.g. flavonoids) persisted more the insect digestion while compounds from primary metabolism were more depleted. In addition, metabolic reactions within the larvae indicated different degradation pathways used on the two plant metabolic types (syn. metabotypes), including sulfation and sulfonation. We show that feeding insects with resistant oak leaves, enriched in secondary metabolites and depleted in primary metabolites, impaired insect performance and mortality. Although the insects' gut microbiota was slightly different upon the contrasting diets, overall, it was fairly stable. Despite the impact of host chemicals on herbivores, larvae were generally highly efficient in nutrient assimilation (feed conversion ratios of 3.3–3.6) and able to minimize plant defences (78% of secondary metabolites were converted, broken down or sequestrated).

The comparison of the oak metabotypes showed how the foliar composition of resistant oaks affected insect fitness by influencing their digestion. Herbivores feeding on resistant oaks were less efficient due to their lower ability to metabolize and detoxify higher levels of host phytochemicals, whereas those on susceptible oaks were more efficient as they could degrade the host metabolome. This study highlights the importance of the oak leaf chemical composition to insect digestion and fitness of a specialized herbivore.

Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.
Pancreatic duct stents
Authors: Yi Jin Hui , Li Zhao Shen , Hu Liang Hao
Published: February 2023

Pancreatic duct stenting using endoscopy or surgery is widely used for the management of benign and malignant pancreatic diseases. Endoscopic pancreatic stents are mainly used to relieve pain caused by chronic pancreatitis and pancreas divisum, and to treat pancreatic duct disruption and stenotic pancreaticointestinal anastomosis after surgery. They are also used to prevent postendoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis and postoperative pancreatic fistula, treat pancreatic cancer, and locate radiolucent stones. Recent advances in endoscopic techniques, such as endoscopic ultrasonography and balloon enteroscopy, and newly designed stents have broadened the indications for pancreatic duct stenting. In this review we outlined the types, insertion procedures, efficacy, and complications of endoscopic pancreatic duct stent placement, and summarized the applications of pancreatic duct stents in surgery.
The SQuID protocol (subcutaneous insulin in diabetic ketoacidosis): Impacts on ED operational metrics
Authors: Griffey Richard T. , Schneider Ryan M. , Girardi Margo , Yeary Julianne , McCammon Craig , Frawley Laura , Ancona Rachel , Cruz‐Bravo Paulina
Published: February 2023

Background

Studies using fast‐acting subcutaneous (SQ) insulin analogs in diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) have demonstrated efficacy, safety, and cost‐effectiveness, allowing treatment of mild‐to‐moderate (MTM)‐severity DKA patients in non–intensive care unit (ICU) settings. However, emergency department (ED)‐based studies are few, with limited exploration of impacts on operational metrics.

Methods

We implemented the SQuID (Subcutaneous Insulin in Diabetic Ketoacidosis) protocol for adults with MTM‐severity DKA in an urban academic ED, collecting data from August 1, 2021, to February 28, 2022. We examined fidelity (frequency of required q2h glucose checks), safety (proportion of patients administered rescue dextrose for hypoglycemia), and ED length of stay (EDLOS) for the SQuID cohort compared to patients (non‐ICU) treated with a traditional insulin infusion. We also examined ICU admission rate among MTM‐severity DKA patients after introduction of SQuID to two historical control periods (pre‐intervention and pre‐COVID). We used Mann–Whitney U to test for differences in EDLOS distributions, bootstrapped (n = 1000) confidence intervals (CIs) for EDLOS median differences, and the two‐sample z‐test for differences in ICU admissions.

Results

We identified 177 MTM‐severity DKA patients in the study period (78 SQuID, 99 traditional cohort) and 163 preintervention and 161 pre‐COVID historical control patients. Fidelity to the SQuID pathway was good, with glucose checks exceeding the q2‐h requirement. We found no difference in the proportion of rescue dextrose administration compared to the traditional pathway. We observed significant reductions in median EDLOS for the SQuID cohort compared to the traditional cohort during the study period (−3.0, 95% CI −8.5 to −1.4), the preintervention period (−1.4, 95% CI −3.1 to −0.1), and the pre‐COVID control period (−3.6, 95% CI −7.5 to −1.8).

Conclusions

In this single‐center study at an academic ED, treatment of patients with MTM‐severity DKA with a SQ insulin protocol was effective, demonstrated equivalent safety, and reduced ED length of stay.
Teachers' profiles of work engagement and burnout over the course of a school year
Authors: Drouin‐Rousseau Sophie , Morin Alexandre J. S. , Fernet Claude , Blechman Yael , Gillet Nicolas
Published: February 2023

This research relies on a combination of variable‐ and person‐centered approaches to improve our understanding of the dimensionality of work engagement and burnout. Among 1004 teachers who completed a questionnaire twice over an eight‐month period, our results first revealed that work engagement and burnout ratings simultaneously reflected two global overarching constructs co‐existing with six specific dimensions (vigor, dedication, and absorption as well as emotional exhaustion, cynicism, and professional efficacy). We then examined the profiles taken by these global and specific dimensions, documented their stability and interrelations over time, and tested their associations with theoretically relevant predictors. Three work engagement (Vigorously Engaged, Disengaged, Engaged) and three burnout (Burned‐Out, Adapted, Normative) profiles were identified. Most Disengaged teachers at Time 1 corresponded to the Burned‐Out profile at Time 2, and most Burned‐Out teachers at Time 1 corresponded to the Disengaged profile at Time 2. Workload perceptions increased teachers' likelihood of membership into the Disengaged profile relative to the Engaged one. In contrast, most job resources perceptions (control, rewards, and values) predicted an increased likelihood of membership into the Engaged profile relative to the Disengaged one.
Conflicts between mining companies and communities: Institutional environments and conflict resolution approaches
Authors: Oh Chang Hoon , Shin Jiyoung , Ho Shuna Shu Ham
Published: February 2023

Although companies recognize the importance of social responsibility and community engagement, conflicts between companies and communities have been noticeably increasing. To better understand the role of institutional environments in company–community conflicts, we analyze two mining conflicts—Minera Yanacocha's Minas Conga extension project in Peru and Minera Los Pelambres' El Mauro Tailings Dam in Chile. Our findings imply that, to prevent negative consequences and alleviate company–community conflicts, mining companies should address underlying structural causes and pursue informal approaches in order to obtain and maintain their social license. We find that better formal institutional environments not only alleviate conflict intensity but also facilitate informal approaches through which companies and communities can cooperate to resolve conflicts. The best practice would be to start and continue dialogs between communities and companies, mediated by impartial governments, to understand the concerns of the counterparty and find means by which to address the causes.
Intervention fidelity assessment: A sub‐study of the Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS)
Authors: Withers Thomas M. , Garner Nikki J. , Thorley Chris S. , Kellett Jo , Price Lucy , Auckland Sara , Sheldon Jo , Howe Amanda , Pascale Melanie , Smith Jane R. , Sampson Mike J. , Greaves Colin J.
Published: February 2023

Background

Previous research has shown that lifestyle modification can delay or prevent the onset of type 2 diabetes in high‐risk individuals. The Norfolk Diabetes Prevention Study (NDPS) was a parallel, three‐arm, randomized controlled trial with up to 46 months follow‐up that tested a group‐delivered, theory‐based lifestyle intervention to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in high‐risk groups. The current study aimed to evaluate if the NDPS intervention was delivered to an acceptable standard and if any part(s) of the delivery required improvement.

Methods

A sub‐sample of 30, 25 for inter‐rater reliability and audio‐recordings of the NDPS intervention education sessions were assessed independently by two reviewers (CT, TW) using a 12‐item checklist. Each item was scored on a 0–5 scale, with a score of 3 being defined as ‘adequate delivery’. Inter‐rater reliability was assessed. Analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to assess changes in intervention fidelity as the facilitators gained experience.

Results

Inter‐rater agreement was acceptable (86%). A mean score of 3.47 (SD = .38) was achieved across all items of the fidelity checklist and across all intervention facilitators (n = 6). There was an apparent trend for intervention fidelity scores to decrease with experience; however, this trend was non‐significant (p > .05) across all domains in this small sample.

Conclusion

The NDPS was delivered to an acceptable standard by all Diabetes Prevention Facilitators. Further research is needed to better understand how the intervention's delivery characteristics can be optimized and how they might vary over time.
Tap water natural fluoride and parent‐reported experience of child dental caries in Japan: Evidence from a nationwide birth cohort survey
Authors: Matsuyama Yusuke , Fujiwara Takeo , Aida Jun
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Water fluoridation is an effective measure to prevent dental caries. In Japan, artificial water fluoridation is not implemented, and tap water natural fluoride concentration geographically differs because of various soil natures. This study aimed to examine the association between tap water natural fluoride and parent‐reported experience of dental caries in children.

Method

Data from the Longitudinal Survey of Newborns in the twenty‐first century, a national birth cohort study following all infants born between January 10–17 and July 10–17, 2001, were analysed. Caregivers answered the child's caries treatment history, a proxy for dental caries, yearly from 5.5 to 12 years of age (N = 202 517 observations from 34 998 children). The annual data on tap water natural fluoride concentration in the municipality of residence were obtained from the national statistics. Cross‐classified multilevel Poisson regression models were fitted, adjusting for child, household and municipality characteristics, including average income and dental clinic density.

Results

The average tap water natural fluoride concentration across municipalities was 0.0887 ppm (SD = 0.0422). The proportion of parent‐reported experience of child dental caries treatment ranged from 24.9% (at 12 years) to 40.3% (at 7 years) and was lower among children living in municipalities with high natural fluoride concentrations, which were 35.0%, 35.4%, 33.4% and 32.3% for <0.10, 0.10–0.19, 0.20–0.29 and ≥0.30 ppm respectively. A 0.1 ppm increment in tap water natural fluoride after controlling for all covariates was significantly associated with a lower prevalence of parent‐reported child dental caries treatment by 3.3% (prevalence ratio = 0.967, 95% credible interval: 0.939, 0.996).

Conclusion

Natural fluoride in tap water showed a protective effect for the parent‐reported experience of child dental caries in Japan.
Production of dye nanoparticles via a supercritical gas anti‐solvent process and optimisation of the process conditions
Authors: Amani Mitra , Saadati Ardestani Nedasadat , Sajadian Seyed Ali
Published: February 2023

Nanoparticles of dyes and pigments with high quality and efficiency can be successfully used in the supercritical dyeing process of the textile industries, which is introduced as a waterless and greener dyeing method. In this study, nanoparticles of the Quinoline yellow dye, known as colour index (CI) Solvent Yellow 33, were precipitated via the supercritical gas anti‐solvent (GAS) process. This process was performed at various pressures (100, 130, and 150 bar), temperatures (308, 318, and 328 K), and solute concentrations (10, 30, and 50 mg/ml), designed by the Box–Behnken design (BBD) method. It was found that increasing the pressure, reducing the temperature, and reducing the initial concentration of the liquid solution provided favourable conditions for the production of nano‐sized particles with narrow size distribution and uniform morphology. Accordingly, the optimum operating conditions of the GAS process which resulted in precipitation of the dye nanoparticles, with a mean particle size of 125 nm, were determined at a temperature of 318 K, pressure of 150 bar, and the initial concentration of 10 mg/ml. The characteristics of the precipitated particles were analysed with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), field‐emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry analysis. Based on the DSC and XRD results, GAS processed samples have lower crystallinity and lower particle size. Also, nano‐metric size and narrow size distribution of the precipitated dye particles were confirmed through the FESEM and DLS results.