bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy
Authors: Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk Barbara , Bączkowska Anna , Liebeskind Chaya , Valunaite Oleskeviciene Giedre , Žitnik Slavko
Published: July 2023

The current study represents an integrated model of explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy. First, it focuses on a definitional revision and enrichment of the explicit offensive language taxonomy by reviewing the collection of available corpora and comparing tagging schemas applied there. The study relies mainly on the categories originally proposed by Zampieri et al. (2019) in terms of offensive language categorization schemata. After the explanation of semantic differences between particular concepts used in the tagging systems and the analysis of theoretical frameworks, a finite set of classes is presented, which cover aspects of offensive language representation along with linguistically sound explanations (Lewandowska-Tomaszczyk et al. 2021). In the analytic procedure, offensive from non-offensive discourse is first distinguished, with the question of offence Target and the following categorization levels and sublevels. Based on the relevant data generated from Sketch Engine (https://www.sketchengine.eu/ententen-english-corpus/), we propose the concept of offensive language as a superordinate category in our system with a number of hierarchically arranged 17 subcategories. The categories are taxonomically structured into 4 levels and verified with the use of neural-based (lexical) embeddings. Together with a taxonomy of implicit offensive language and its subcategorization levels which has received little scholarly attention until now, the categorization is exemplified in samples of offensive discourses in selected English social media materials, i.e., publicly available 25 web-based hate speech datasets (consult Appendix 1 for a complete list). The offensive category levels (types of offence, targets, etc.) and aspects (offensive language property clusters) as well as the categories of explicitness and implicitness are discussed in the study and the computationally verified integrated explicit and implicit offensive language taxonomy proposed in the study.
China y EE.UU.: De la potencia económica a las fricciones comerciales durante la Administración de Trump
Authors: Navarro Alpízar Ana Gabriela , Solano Aguilar Gerald , Hernández Pereira Rosmery , Irías Carvajal Lilliana
Published: July 2023

La economía mundial en la segunda década de siglo XXI, está enfrentando una situación crítica que nos lleva a replantearnos la dinámica de las relaciones económicas internacionales. Si revisamos la historia con especial atención, a los inicios de la década de los ochenta del siglo XX, comenzaban la construcción de los cimientos de lo que se denomina neoconservadurismo. Este permitió un gran impulso al proceso de globalización, a la desregulación de los mercados y la apertura de las economías y de la mano de los “ajustes estructurales” impuestos por los organismos financieros internacionales, características que dieron forma a la economía de finales del siglo pasado. Por ello, este artículo busca describir las relaciones entre China y Estados Unidos en el marco de lo que se ha denominado la guerra comercial durante la administración de Trump y su correlación con los cambios en la lucha de poder. Para ello se utilizó el método descriptivo y descriptivo-explicativo que permitiera establecer las relaciones y correlaciones entre las variables en estudio. Además, se realizó una revisión bibliográfica, de fuentes primarias y principalmente secundarias para comprender el juego por la lucha de poder y protagonismo entre las potencias. Se buscó dimensionar el impacto de la guerra comercial entre China y Estados Unidos en la (re)estructuración y dinámica del Sistema Internacional. El enfrentamiento entre China y los EE. UU. no es producto de la casualidad, sino una lucha por protagonismo que al tratarse de las dos economías más grandes del mundo genera un enfrentamiento comercial que se transforma en problema de dimensiones globales.
The competitiveness of manufacturing in Poland and the other V4 countries against the backdrop of digital transformation challenges
Authors:   WSB University, Poland, Molendowski Edward , Nawracaj-Grygiel Kinga ,   Cracow University of Economics, Poland, Ulbrych Marta ,   Cracow University of Economics, Poland
Published: July 2023

Competitiveness is most frequently defined as an economy’s ability to cope with international competition and to ensure high employment and returns on production factors employed. Considering the importance of manufacturing in the economies of the Visegrad (V4) countries, is seems justified to examine the competitiveness of the economic sector, particularly in the perspective of the ongoing digital transformation. The article aims to present research findings regarding developments in the competitive position of manufacturing in Poland as compared to the V4 countries and to identify those countries’ preparedness for implementing changes resulting from the assumptions of the Industry 4.0 concept. The most significant inferences to be drawn from the analysis are discussed in the Conclusions section. Although the issue of competitiveness has been addressed by various economists and scholars, the existing body of publications still lacks investigations of manufacturing and the Visegrad countries. The analysis presented attempts to fill in the gap in that regard.
Approval procedure for active substances in plant protection products - doubts of scientific certainty as a source of controversy. Analysis of systemic imperfections on the example of glyphosate
Authors:   University of Białystok, Poland, Gembicka Anna , Farhan Jakub Ali ,   University of Białystok, Poland
Published: July 2023

The purpose of this article is to examine the causes of recurring doubts regarding the safety of plant protection products used in the European Union. Plant protection products are a particular subject of regulation. All standards concerning them require prior in-depth scientific research in the field of exact sciences. Achieving adequate safety of humans, animals and the environment in connection to the use of plant protection products requires not only good law, but a law based on representative research and scientific certainty. Bearing in mind the above, the authors undertook an analysis of what seems to be the cause of significant social doubts as to the actual achievement of the purposes of Regulation 1107/2009, i.e. inclusion of scientific research in the procedure of approval of active substances in plant protection products. First, the approval procedure for the active substance of the plant protection product was presented, and then the main shortcoming of the procedure was analyzed on the example of the approval of glyphosate. In the authors' opinion, guidance documents on literature review should be revised to reflect the best scientific practice, and their standards should be enforced, in particular, to ensure that there is no doubt about the objectivity of the literature review.
Cleavage of softwood kraft pulp fibers by HCl and cellulases
Authors: Ander Paul , Hildén Lars , Daniel Geoffrey
Published: July 2023

A new pulp fibre testing procedure called the HCl method was used to compare different spruce and pine fibres and mixtures of these fibres to calculate number of fibre cleavages in dislocations and other weak points. This method was compared with treatment of softwood kraft pulp fibres using different cellulase mixtures. The HCl method can distinguish between mill- and laboratory-made softwood kraft pulp fibres from the same wood batch. The sugar release is characterized by xylose and other hemicellulose sugars and little glucose. This is in contrast to cellulases, which despite strong fibre cleavage, did not distinguish between mill- and laboratory-made pulp fibres and released large amounts of glucose from the fibres. Hemicellulose degradation by HCl and deep penetration of the acid into the primary and secondary fibre cell walls at 80°C seems to be of major importance for the differentiation between mill and laboratory pulp fibres. Cellulases, in contrast, act mostly on the fibre surfaces, and deep penetration only takes place in amorphous regions of dislocations.
Design and implementation of a diagnostic tool for Ethernet networks
Authors: Okhrimenko Grigoriy Pavlovich , Mokshin Sergey Yurievich , Ignatyev Alexey Olegovich
Published: July 2023

This paper describes the tools developed by the authors for analyzing the topology of Ethernet networks, collecting, accumulating and displaying statistics of their work. Approaches for assessing the quality of network devices operation based on statistics are described. The developed software is used to analyze the operation of Ethernet networks in high-performance computing systems designed to solve numerical simulation problems. This work may be useful to specialists involved in the development and operation of Ethernet networks in computing systems based on the Linux operating system.
Új készítmények bevezetése: patogén redukált konvaleszcens plazma, patogén redukált aferezises trombocitakoncentrátum
Authors: Tóth Eszter Luca , Nemes Nagy Zsuzsanna , Nagy Sándor
Published: July 2023

Az Országos Vérellátó Szolgálat szakmai kezdeményezésére, az Emberi Erőforrások Minisztériuma és az Operatív Törzs támogatásával, a koronavírus-járvány miatt kialakult pandémiás helyzetre való tekintettel az OVSZ új vérkészítményeket, új vérkészítmény-előállítási technológiai eljárásokat vezetett be, melyek a Covid–19-fertőzött betegek terápiájában segítséget jelentenek, és a vérrel terjedő fertőzések kockázatát is csökkenteni lehet. A tudományos munka célja, konvaleszcens donoroktól aferezis technikával plazma gyűjtése, patogén redukciós eljárás alkalmazása és friss fagyasztott plazma (konvaleszcens FFP) készítése, amely készítményeket a későbbiekben Covid–19 megbetegedésben szenvedő betegek passzív immunizálására használnak fel. A patogén redukciós eljárás alkalmazásának kiterjesztése az aferezis technológiával levételre került trombocitakoncentrátumok előállítására, mellyel ezen készítmények biztonságos alkalmazása is fokozható. A koronavírus megbetegedésen átesett, gyógyult, már egészséges donoroktól származó egyedi plazmakészítmények, valamint plazmás közegbe felvett, fehérvérsejtszegény aferezises trombocitakoncentrátumok riboflavintartalmú oldattal elegyítésre kerültek, majd UVA-fénnyel történő kezelésen estek át. UV-fény hatására a készítményekben esetlegesen fellelhető kórokozók RNS/DNS-lánca megszakításra került, irreverzibilis inaktiválásuk következett be, megakadályozván a kórokozók replikációját, betegségek kialakulását. A patogén redukciós rendszer segít abban, hogy csökkentse a fertőző ágensek terhelését a betegséget okozó baktériumok, paraziták és vírusok széles körében. Képes visszaszorítani a betegek transzfúziós reakcióit is azáltal, hogy a vérkomponensekben található fehérvérsejtek maradékát is inaktiválja. A bevezetett eljárás hatékonyan csökkenti a fertőző ágensek transzfúziójával történő átviteli kockázatát, növekszik a betegbiztonság, ezáltal a készítmények jobb minőségűnek tekinthetőek.
Miért szelektál a lenalidomid alkalmazása TP53 diszfunkció irányában?
Authors: Kozma András , Mikala Gábor
Published: July 2023

Levelünkben bemutatjuk a legfrissebb adatokat, melyek rámutatnak, hogy a lenalidomid-terápia erős szelekciós nyomást jelenthet TP53 diszfunkciós mutánsok elterjedése irányában. Ezért a hatásért molekuláris szinten a cereblon-vezérelte kazein-kináz 1α degradáció felelős és magyarázza a lenalidomid-kezelés mellett gyakoribb második tumorokat, valamint a lenalidomid-rezisztenssé vált hematológiai betegségek polirezisztenciáját.
Optikai genomtérképezés onkohematológiai megbetegedésekben
Authors: Bekő Anna , Alpár Donát , Bödör Csaba
Published: July 2023

A hematológiai malignitások diagnosztikájában mai napig meghatározó szerepet tölt be a hagyományos kariotipizálás és a fluoreszcens in situ hibridizáció. Ezen rutindiagnosztikában alkalmazott citogenetikai és molekuláris citogenetikai módszereknek a limitációi egyes esetekben viszont a végső diagnózis és a citogenetikai alcsoportokba való besorolás hiányához vezethetnek. Az optikai genomtérképezés, egy DNS-alapú, új generációs citogenetikai módszer megjelenésével lehetőségünk nyílik a kópiaszám-eltérések és az 500 bázispárnál nagyobb strukturális variánsok egyidejű feltérképezésére, akár öt munkanap alatt. Az elmúlt években több munkacsoport végzett összehasonlító vizsgálatokat a hagyományos citogenetikai módszerek és optikai genomtérképezés eredményeinek együttes értékelésével különböző hematológiai malignitások esetén. A kutatások összegzése rávilágít arra, hogy az optikai genomtérképezéssel a rutinszerűen alkalmazott módszerekkel detektált elérések mellett olyan további strukturális variánsok és kópiaszám-eltérések válnak azonosíthatóvá, melyek mérete kisebb a hagyományos kariotipizálás felbontóképességénél. Ezenfelül több közlemény világít rá arra, hogy az új generációs citogenetikai módszer eredménye egyes esetekben befolyásolhatja a betegek rizikócsoportokba való osztályozását, valamint a megfelelő terápia alkalmazását. A módszer hazai bevezetését akut leukémiás betegek mintáinak felhasználásával végezzük a Semmelweis Egyetem Patológiai és Kísérleti Rákkutató Intézetének Molekuláris Diagnosztika részlegén. Eddigi tapasztalataink és eredményeink szoros összefüggésben állnak a nemzetközi irodalomban közölt adatokkal.
Historia Caribe Vol. 9 Núm. 25 (2014): Julio - Diciembre
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: July 2023

Historia Caribe Vol. 9 Núm. 25 (2014): Julio - Diciembre
Historia Caribe Vol. 11 Núm. 28 (2016): Enero - Junio
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: July 2023

Historia Caribe Vol. 11 Núm. 28 (2016): Enero - Junio
Historia Caribe Vol. 12 Núm. 31 (2017): Julio - Diciembre
Authors: Editorial Comité
Published: July 2023

Historia Caribe Vol. 12 Núm. 31 (2017): Julio - Diciembre
Hordas feroces, víctimas y beligerantes. Colombia en la guerra de 1859-1862 o la guerra por la Soberanías
Authors: Cardona Z Patricia
Published: July 2023

Mediante el estudio de cuatro textos en primera persona (autodocumentos), que se ocupan de los eventos de la Guerra por las Soberanías (1859-1862), este artículo analiza la emergente pero significativa preocupación por los heridos, los reclutas, los horrores del campo de batalla, la resignificación de las víctimas, las representaciones sociales en torno a la paz como ideal y como práctica. Dichos textos permiten ver cómo la degradación de aquella contienda motivó el interés por sus efectos en la sociedad y favoreció la incorporación de mecanismos jurídicos que pusieran límites a la guerra, como se efectuó en la Constitución de 1863.
Los maestros de escuela y la producción de saberes geográficos en el Estado Soberano de Bolívar, 1874-1876
Authors: Acevedo Puello Rafael , Ruiz Paola
Published: July 2023

El artículo analiza el proyecto de la Dirección de Instrucción Pública del estado soberano de Bolívar que, acudiendo a los maestros de escuela, buscó recopilar información geográfica que le permitiera escribir una geografía general y reformar el mapa oficial del Estado en la década de 1870. El proyecto, que se caracterizó por una construcción colectiva de ese conocimiento y la vinculación de actores no expertos en materia científica, permitió cuestionar la representación cartográfica que hasta ese momento se había hecho del territorio del entonces estado de Bolívar. Se mostrará, en ese sentido, el papel central que desempeñaron los maestros en cuanto a la producción de saberes locales destinados al fortalecimiento de los proyectos cartográficos en la vida política republicana. En el caso que aquí se considera se puede sostener que, más allá de las acciones de la Comisión Corográfica, el proyecto de describir y precisar la geografía no puede entenderse aislado de las labores educativas y de las formas de elaboración del conocimiento efectuadas por los preceptores de las escuelas de Bolívar.
Fiscalidad, centralización y separación en Tolima y Huila, 1886-1930
Authors: López Lara Camila , Pinto Bernal José Joaquín
Published: July 2023

Entre 1886 y 1930 el Estado colombiano sufrió un proceso de transformación administrativa como producto del paso de un régimen federal a uno centralista, en el que el gobierno buscó reducir la autonomía fiscal de las regiones. En este artículo se describe cómo desde un espacio regional se experimentó el proceso de centralización fiscal, exponiendo la política impositiva y los niveles de ingreso y egreso de dos de las nuevas entidades territoriales creadas. Ejercicio que permitió constatar que la centralización no fue un proceso inmediato, sino un fenómeno caracterizado por avances y retrocesos particulares en las regiones.
El activismo católico femenino en México durante la Guerra Cristera. La experiencia de la Unión de Damas Católicas Mexicanas (1926-1929)
Authors: Crespo Reyes Sofía
Published: July 2023

Este artículo analiza las actividades de la Unión de Damas Católicas Mexicanas (UDCM) durante la Guerra Cristera con el objetivo de evidenciar la forma en que el activismo femenino logró construir redes de sociabilidad y solidaridad que les permitió sostener su actividad política y radicalizarse para oponerse al laicismo anticlerical de los gobiernos posrevolucionarios. Con ayuda documentos elaborados por los agentes del servicio de inteligencia del Estado se presenta una ventana hacia las acciones políticas de carácter cotidiano, mismas que si bien parecen ser ordinarias, reflejan la capacidad de las mujeres para organizarse en la defensa de sus prácticas religiosas.
Movilidad negra. Una mirada desde la movilidad de las mujeres del Palenque de San Basilio a la ciudad de Barranquilla, 1950-1970
Authors: Bedoya González Yesica Andrea
Published: July 2023

La investigación tuvo como objetivo analizar el proceso de movilidad y asentamiento de las mujeres palenqueras en la ciudad de Barranquilla durante 1950 y 1970, comprendiendo cómo fue ese proceso de migración, a donde llegaron y qué hicieron dentro de la ciudad, dónde caminaron, qué vendieron, cómo era la relación con las elites. Esto a partir de fuentes orales como entrevistas realizadas a mujeres palenqueras mayores en la ciudad acerca de su proceso de movilidad, asentamiento, relaciones de trabajo e identidad durante la época. Según los resultados de la investigación, se halló que estas mujeres que llegaron a la ciudad se dedicaron principalmente a trabajar en la venta de dulces, frutas y bollos como parte de un movimiento social. Luego comenzaron a movilizarse dentro de la ciudad caminando para vender sus productos creando sus rutas comerciales. Esto sirvió como escenario para el fortalecimiento de una categoría conceptual a la que denominamos como “Palenquera vendedora de frutas, dulces y bollos”, entendida como una forma de identidad que transmuta con el tiempo, que no es estática y que se relaciona con el espacio en el que se esté, y que se fortalece en la relación con el otro y con el medio, que hacen parte de un movimiento social que está a punto de desaparecer.
Lima colonial, ciudad negra, Siglos XVI-XVII
Authors: Gonzales Jauregui Yobani Maikel
Published: July 2023

En la ciudad de Lima durante los siglos XVI y XVII la presencia negra llegó a representar más del 53% del total de la población, lo que nos permite afirmar que era una sociedad de esclavos, donde la presencia esclava era central en la economía doméstica y en los trabajos a jornal que se desarrollaban en la ciudad. Además, existía una interacción entre los esclavos de los sectores aledaños a la ciudad, como el puerto y haciendas, lo que significaba un aumento de la población esclava. En ese sentido, nuestro objetivo es demostrar que la posibilidad de una rebelión de esclavos a gran escala era compleja, debido a que el Estado y la Iglesia crearon vías de escape a las tensiones social. Utilizando la libre elección matrimonial y las demandas por el impedimento a la cohabitación como formas de apaciguamiento, así como, los castigos físicos como ejemplificadores contra los esclavos rebeldes. Esta doble acción de buen trato del alma a través de los sacramentos y maltrato físico por la rebeldía, eran parte de una estrategia de dominación del Estado colonial, que no siempre fue interpretada por los esclavos en el mismo sentido, lo que se refuerza con el activismo legal y sus cuestionamientos a los amos en las diversas instancias legales.
Entre el Plan de Iguala y la opinión pública: impresos y debates en la consumación de la Independencia (Puebla, México, 1820-1821)
Authors: Rosas Salas Sergio
Published: July 2023

El objetivo de este artículo es reconstruir y analizar la manera en que los impresos y periódicos que circularon en la ciudad de Puebla apoyaron la independencia de México entre marzo y septiembre de 1821, siguiendo antecedentes planteados desde la restauración de la carta gaditana de 1820. Se argumenta que la opinión pública poblana expresó un amplio apoyo al Plan de Iguala en tanto garantizaba el respeto a la religión y la posibilidad de que esta independencia permitiera ejercer derechos obtenidos –como el de prensa y el de opinión– sin afectar la posición de clero y ejército en la sociedad.
Experimental and numerical evaluation of the compressive and shear behavior of unstabilized rammed earth
Authors: Ávila Fernando , Fagone Mario , Gallego Rafael , Puertas Esther , Ranocchiai Giovanna
Published: July 2023

Rammed earth has a longstanding tradition as a construction method and has recently gained renewed interest as an eco-friendly building technique. To employ it effectively in contemporary constructions, proper characterization of its mechanical properties and the development of predictive models become essential. Rammed earth structures usually work under compression, but their low shear strength makes this a key parameter for failure. Considering this, in the present study a mechanical characterization of rammed earth under compression and shear is carried out via laboratory tests, and the results are used to develop a numerical model (finite elements method) that can simulate rammed earth behavior under compressive and shear loads. The results show a good performance of the numerical models, accurately replicating the material behavior observed in laboratory. These numerical models are essential to predict the behavior and ensure an efficient and safe design of rammed earth structures.
Türkiye’de Hukuk ve Siyaset İlişkisi Ekseninde Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnameleri
Authors: TARHAN Bora
Published: July 2023

Değişen yasama ve yürütme ilişkileri, yürütmenin düzenleyici işlemleri başlığı altında da pek çok değişikliği beraberinde getirmiştir. Bu çalışma, 6771 Sayılı Anayasa Değişikliği Hakkında Kanun ile değişen siyasal sistem içerisinde, Kanun Hükmünde Kararnamelerin yerini alan bir düzenleyici işlem olarak Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnamelerini anayasal ve siyasal düzende değişen yasama-yürütme dengesi açısından incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. Mevcut akademik çalışmalarda sınırlı bir hukuki değişiklik olarak görülen Cumhurbaşkanlığı Kararnameleri halihazırda Türkiye’de süregelmekte olan siyaset-hukuk ilişkilerine yönelik radikal bir değişimin aracı olarak görülmelidir. Bu bağlamda konu hukuki boyutu aşan bir düzlemde, bireysel özgürlüklerden toplumsal düzene ve siyaset teorisine ilişkin etkileriyle birlikte ele alınacaktır. Mevcut anayasa ve idare hukuku ile sınırlı kalmayan meselede siyasal partiler düzeni ile meclis çoğunluğu gibi ilk elden etkilenecek konularla ve yasama, yürütme, yargı ilişkilerine yönelik tartışmalara yer verilecektir. Çalışmada esas olarak, konuya ilişkin mevzuat, kitaplar, makaleler, yargı kararları ve internet kaynaklarından elde edilen analiz ve değerlendirmelere yer verilecektir.
The Effect of Air Pollution on Rheumatic Diseases: A Review
Authors: Adami Giovanni ,   Rheumatology Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
Published: July 2023

The environment plays a central role in the development and exacerbation of rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs). Air pollution is an emergent environmental player; it has been demonstrated to cause several autoimmune diseases and, more recently, to be associated with a higher risk of reactivation of inflammatory conditions. Airborne environmental pollution can be detected using various approaches. All these methods have limitations and strengths. The present review discusses the effects of air pollution on RMDs and focuses on the approaches for investigating the association between air pollution exposure and RMDs.
Managing Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Fakih Olivier ,   Service de Rhumatologie, CHU de Besançon, Besançon, France
Published: July 2023

Spondyloarthritis is a chronic inflammatory rheumatism associated with a variety of extra-articular manifestations, including chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Crohns disease and ulcerative colitis). Subclinical gastrointestinal manifestations in patients with spondyloarthritis are common, and clinical involvement exists in a number of patients. The pathophysiology remains poorly understood and involves genetic and immunological factors, as well as the gut microbiome. Screening for inflammatory bowel disease in patients with spondyloarthritis is important because its occurence modifies the therapeutic management of these patients.
PRODUCTIVITY SHOCKS AND INDUSTRY SPECIFIC EFFECTS ON EXPORT AND INTERNATIONALISATION: VAR APPROACH
Authors: Bašić Maja , Bošnjak Mile , Novak Ivan
Published: July 2023

This study examines the industry-specific effects of productivity shocks on exports and the internationalisation of the largest Croatian exporters. In order to answer two research questions: (1) Which hypothesis, the productivity-led hypothesis or export-led hypothesis, holds in the case of the largest Croatian exporters? (2) Are the effects of productivity shocks on exports and internationalization sectoral dependent, and in what way? The authors tested 300 largest exporters’ micro- financial data for the 2006-2015 period by using a vector autoregression (VAR) method. Three productivity measures examined are total factor productivity, labour productivity and capital productivity. The results imply that productivity-led hypothesis holds for majority of Croatian largest exporters’ sectors. Rather than a specific export-led hypothesis, a bi-directional flow has proved to have greater influence on several industrial sectors, including professional and scientific services and administrative services sectors, and to a lesser extent, transport and warehousing, accommodation and food sectors. It is predominantly negative in terms of TFP and positive in terms of labour productivity (agriculture, electricity and gas supply, wholesale and transport and warehousing, and information and communication) and capital productivity (electricity and gas supply). Managerial and policy implications of productivity shocks are discussed in the paper.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE PURCHASE OF FASHION PRODUCTS BEFORE AND DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: THE EXAMPLE OF SERBIA
Authors: Perčić Karolina , Slijepčević Milica , Ašanin Gole Pedja
Published: July 2023

The aim of this paper is to analyze the factors that most influenced consumers in purchasing fashion products and the factors the most important to consumers during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as whether there are any differences between the period prior to the pandemic and the period after it. The available research on the correlation between the pandemic and consumer buying habits and the factors influencing the purchase of products mainly dealt with consumer goods stimulated by the initial stockpiling of hygiene materials and food, books, recreational equipment, etc. On a purposive sample of 1,002 adult respondents in the territory of Serbia, the quantitative empirical research applying an online survey was conducted within the March-June 2021 period. The SPSS was used for data processing and analysis and for the interpretation of research results. In addition to descriptive statistics (frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation), comparative statistics (χ2-test, ANOVA, t-test) was used as well. The change in the attitude to consumption has led to the introduction of a new value system for consumers when purchasing fashion products. Understanding these factors will help the fashion industry find new approaches to satisfy the changed buying habits of consumers.
Experimental substantiation of the method for assessing the phytotoxicity of micromycetes on wheat seedlings
Authors: Zhemchuzhina N. S. , Elizarova S. A. , Kiseleva M. I. , Zakharov D. A. , Sardarova I. I.
Published: July 2023

Relevance. Currently, the relevance of studying to identify the ability of many micromycetes to synthesize phytotoxic substances that reduce seed germination and lead to huge losses in the yield of strategic agricultural crops is increasing. To solve the problem, the development of new methodological approaches is required, which is significant for immunologists and phytopathologists.The purpose of this work is to determine the phytotoxic activity of micromycete strains from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Bipolaris, parasitizing on all agricultural crops cultivated in Russia.Materials and methods. The strains, the methods of their cultivation, the bioassay method were used, and the statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out. A modification of some methodological approaches for assessing the phytotoxicity of micromycetes has been carried out. The selection of representative concentrations of culture fluid filtrates (FCF) of strains for phytotoxicity evaluation was carried out.Results. A correlation was established for all variants of the experiment between two independent parameters: the development parameters of wheat seedlings and the concentration of cultural liquid filtrates. New results have been obtained on the study of the phytotoxic activity of 70 strains of hemibiotrophic micromycetes and the optimal concentrations of fungal FAs for classifying fungal strains into toxicity groups have been established. The most variable toxicity values were found when using a 40% solution of FCL. It was shown that, under these conditions, fungal strains can be divided according to the degree of toxicity into significantly different groups. This circumstance is an important reason for including strains of micromycetes with certain toxicity properties in the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms. Fungal strains are necessary and appropriate for use in breeding to create resistant and tolerant varieties to phytopathogens from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Bipolaris.Conclusion. New methodological approaches have confirmed that the most variable toxicity values were found with the use of FCF in a ratio of 2:3. This concentration of FCF strains are divided into 4 groups with characteristic differences in the degree of toxicity, which is an important reason for including such strains of micromycetes in the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms and will be further used in breeding to create resistant and tolerant varieties of agricultural crops.
A Systematic Review of Low-Cost Real-time Air Quality Sensors, Systems, and Evaluation Methods
Authors: Tariq Hasan , Touati Farid , Crescini Damiano , Mnaouer Adel Ben
Published: July 2023

Air quality and environmental fairness have always been an area of prime interest across the globe. The significance low-cost air quality sensing and practices spikes during the time of pan-demic and epidemics when the air becomes a threat to living beings especially human beings. The gradual innovation and enrichment in low-cost air quality sensing sensors, nodes or devices, and systems are exponentially increasing for the last three decades. This work reviews the major contributions in a) low-cost scalable air quality assessment; b) low-cost air quality sensors, sensing approaches and technologies; c) low-cost state-of-the-art gas sensors fabrication methods (MEMS and CMOS); d) low-cost gas sensors measurement configurations and assemblies; and e) low-cost air quality sensors calibration and testing systems. A systematic review of past work with a goal to assist end-users, public health facilities, state agencies, researchers, scientists and air quality protection agencies has been rendered in this work. Starting from sensors electrodes to IoT based mobile smart nodes; all have been introduced in this article.
Observance of Standard Precautions for Infection Prevention in the COVID-19 Era: A Cross Sectional Study in Six District Hospitals in Yaounde, Cameroon
Authors: Lekeumo Cheuyem Fabrice Zobel , Enjema Lyonga Emilia , Hangi Ndungo Jonathan , Mbopi–Keou François–Xavier , Takougang Innocent
Published: July 2023

Introduction: Interest in infection prevention in healthcare facilities has been renewed with the advent of the COVID – 19 pandemic. Accidental exposures to body fluids occurs under work environments that do not meet occupational safety standards. The aim of the present study was to assess the level of observance of standard precautions including adherence to required vaccinations to prevent healthcare related infections. Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out from January to April 2022 in six District Hospitals in Yaounde. An auto-administered questionnaire was addressed to consenting healthcare workers. Data were analysed using R statistic version 4.2.3. A p-value < 5% was considered significant. Results: Out of a total of 217 HCW who were enrolled, nearly a quarter (17%) claimed to wash the scalpel blades for reuse. More than half of the participants (53.5%) did not wash their hands after each care. Reasons for not washing hands after each procedure were the perception that the patient care for was risk free (36 %), high workload (35.3 %), distant washing point (20 %). Almost half of HCW (46,5%) experienced a splash during the last 12 month. PPE were always available for only 43.56% of participants. Immunization coverage for COVID-19 was low 44.8 %. Poor vaccine compliance was related to doubts on vaccine content (42 %) and fear of adverse events (39.3 %). Conclusion: Strategies should be implemented to alleviate the AEB burden among healthcare workers and increase compliance with COVID-19 and other vaccines required for healthcare practice.
Metabolic Heterogeneity, Plasticity and Adaptation to “Gluta-mine Addiction” in Cancer Cells:
The Role of Glutaminase and the GTωA [Glutamine Transaminase – ω-Amidase (Glutaminase II)] Pathway.
Authors: Cooper Arthur J.L. , Dorai Thambi , Pinto John T. , Denton Travis T
Published: July 2023

Many cancers utilize L-glutamine as a major energy source. This “L-glutamine addiction” involves a well-characterized pathway whereby L-glutamine is hydrolyzed by a glutaminase (GLS) to L-glutamate, which is then converted to α-ketoglutarate, the carbons of which enter the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, mammalian tissues/cancers possess a rarely mentioned alternative pathway (the glutaminase II pathway): L-Glutamine is transaminated to α-ketoglutaramate (KGM), followed by ω-amidase (ωA)-catalyzed hydrolysis of KGM to α-ketoglutarate. Uncertainty may prevail over the name glutaminase II which may be confused with the enzyme named glutaminase 2 (GLS2). Thus, we recently suggested a new name for the glutaminase II pathway, namely the glutamine transaminase-ω-amidase (GTωA) pathway. Herein, we 1) evaluate three recent articles that mention L-glutamine addiction, but not the GTωA pathway, 2) summarize the metabolic importance of the GTωA pathway, including its role in closing the methionine salvage pathway, and 3) as a source of anaplerotic α-ketoglutarate. An advantage of the GTωA pathway [i.e., L-glutamine + α-keto acid + H2O α-ketoglutarate + L-amino acid + +NH4] is that it is irreversible and that there is no net change in redox status, permitting α-ketoglutarate production during hypoxia. Finally, we discuss possible clinical benefits of GTωA pathway inhibitors.
Polyvinyl Alcohol Hydrogel Study through Modeling Photoa-Coustic Signals and Physical-Mechanical Properties
Authors: Ramírez-Chavarría Roberto G. , Pérez-Pacheco Argelia , Terán-Bobadilla Emiliano , Quispe-Siccha Rosa M.
Published: July 2023

Abstract: This study aims to analyze the physico-mechanical properties and dynamic models of tissue-simulating hydrogels, specifically the photoacoustic (PA) response signals, by varying the concentrations of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and molecular weight (MW). A state space model (SSM) is proposed to study the PVA hydrogels to retrieve the PA-related signal's damping ratio and nat-ural frequency. Nine box-shaped PVA hydrogels containing saline solution were used, with five concentrations of PVA (7, 9, 12, 15, 20%) for MW1 and four for MW2. The results indicated that the concentration of PVA and MW played an important role in the PA wave's amplitude, arrival time, and speed of sound over the hydrogels. The SSM parameters showed that increasing PVA and MW concentrations improved the hydrogels' ability to absorb and transfer energy under the PA effect. These parameters were also found to be correlated with density and modulus of elasticity. Addi-tionally, the concentrations of PVA and MW affected the absorption and optical scattering coeffi-cients. The physical-mechanical properties, including porosity, density, and modulus of elasticity, improved as the concentration of PVA and MW increased. The ultimate goal of this study is to develop hydrogels as phantoms that can be used for tissue simulation and imaging.
Microgravity Exposure Induces Antioxidant Barrier Deregulation and Mitochondria Alterations in TCam-2 Cell Spheroids
Authors: Berardini Marika , Gesualdi Luisa , Morabito Caterina , Ferranti Francesca , Reale Anna , Zampieri Michele , Karpach Katsiaryna , Tinari Antonella , Bertuccini Lucia , Guarnieri Simone , Catizone Angela , Mariggiò Maria A. , Ricci Giulia
Published: July 2023

One of the hallmarks of microgravity-induced effects in several cellular models is represented by the alteration of oxidative balance with the consequent accumulation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). It is well known that male germ cells are sensitive to oxidative stress and to changes of gravitational force even if published data on germ cell models are scarce. To gain more insights into the mechanisms of male germ cell response to altered gravity, a 3D cell culture model has been established from TCam-2 cells, a seminoma-derived cell line considered the only human cell line available to study in vitro mitotically active human male germ cells. TCam-2 cell spheroids were cultured for 24 hours under unitary gravity (Ctr) or simulated microgravity (s-microgravity) conditions, these last ones were obtained using the Random Positioning Machine (RPM). A significant increase in intracellular ROS and mitochondria superoxide anion levels has been observed after RPM exposure. In line with these results a trend of protein and lipid oxidation increase, and increased pCAMKII expression levels were observed after RPM exposure. The ultrastructural analysis by Transmission Electron Microscopy revealed that RPM-exposed mitochondria appeared enlarged and, even if seldom, disrupted. Notably, even the expression of the main enzymes involved in the redox homeostasis appears modulated by RPM exposure in a compensatory way, being GPX1, NCF1, and CYBB downregulated, whereas NOX4 and HMOX1 upregulated. Interestingly, HMOX1 is involved in the heme catabolism of mitochondria cytochromes, and therefore the positive modulation of this marker can be associated to the observed mitochondria alteration. All together, these data demonstrate TCam-2 spheroid sensitivity to acute SM exposure and indicate the capability of these cells to trigger compensatory mechanisms that allow to overcome the exposure to altered gravitational force.
Применение схемы Годунова для решения трехмерных задач высокоскоростного взаимодействия упругопластических тел
Authors: Абузяров Константин Мустафович , Abuzyarov Konstantin Mustafovich , Абузяров Мустафа Хасьянович , Abouziarov Mustafa Hasanovich , Кочетков Анатолий Васильевич , Kochetkov A V , Крылов Сергей Валерьевич , Krylov Sergei Valer'evich , Лисицын Артем Александрович , Lisitsyn Artem Alexandrovich , Модин Иван Александрович , Modin Ivan Aleksandrovich
Published: July 2023

Развивается 3D методика моделирования в эйлеровых переменных высокоскоростного ударно-волнового взаимодействия твердых деформируемых тел при больших перемещениях и деформациях. Численная методика основана на применении модифицированной схемы Годунова повышенной точности и эйлерово-лагранжевых многосеточных алгоритмов. Используется решение упругой задачи распада разрыва для пространственного напряженно-деформированного состояния, зависящее от времени и обеспечивающее второй порядок аппроксимации по времени и пространству в области гладких решений. Применяется три вида расчетных сеток для каждого взаимодействующего тела с явным лагранжевым выделением подвижных свободных и контактных поверхностей. Первый тип - лагранжевая поверхностная сетка в виде непрерывного набора треугольников, которая применяется как для задания начальной геометрии твердого тела, так и для его сопровождения в процессе расчета, и два вида объемных трехмерных сеток: базовая декартова фиксированная сетка для каждого тела и вспомогательные подвижные локальные эйлерово-лагранжевы сетки, связанные с каждым треугольником поверхностной сетки. Приводятся результаты тестирования методики и моделирования процессов высокоскоростного ударного взаимодействия тел и глубокого проникания деформируемых ударников в упругопластические преграды.
Eosinophilic esophagitis: clinical presentation, current aspects of diagnosis and treatment
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Paraskevova A.V. , Trukhmanov A.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Lapina T.L. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Pirogov S.S. ,   P.A.Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Centre, Branch of the National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tertychny A.S. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Storonova O.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Makushina A.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Ivashkin V.T. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an immune-mediated disease characterized by complaints of dysphagia and eosinophilic infiltration of the esophageal epithelium with at least 15 cells per high power field (×400). Currently, there has been an increase in the incidence of EoE worldwide. Patients with EoE include both adults and children. The diagnosis of EoE requires morphological confirmation. Triggers for EoE can be aeroallergens and food allergens. EoE is often accompanied by other atopic diseases. The treatment of EoE is based on proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), topical glucocorticosteroids (GCs), and elemental or elimination diets. This review presents a detailed analysis of literature and proposes the therapeutic algorithm for patients with EoE. Key words: atopic diseases, dysphagia, eosinophilic infiltration, eosinophilic esophagitis
Role of primary health care in infant and young child nutrition
Authors:   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Cherkasov V.S. , Popov V.I. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Nastausheva T.L. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation, Zhdanova O.A. ,   N.N.Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University, Voronezh, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

Objective. To assess infant and young child feeding practices from a local pediatrician’s perspective. Patients and methods. The empirical research based on a questionnaire survey of 50 local pediatric specialists in Voronezh children’s clinics was conducted. The questionnaire contained questions related to the issues of nutrition for children aged 0–3 years. Results. The analysis of survey results showed that the promotion of breastfeeding begins mostly during the prenatal period (60%). The questions related to artificial feeding arise among mothers from the birth of a child to 3 months of age (up to 50%); thereafter, their frequency decreases significantly (to 12%). Pediatricians do not always have enough time to talk to parents about principles for introducing complementary foods. Parents’ engagement in their child’s nutrition decreases after 1 year of age. Conclusion. Most respondents believe that the developed computer program will help to organize an adequate dietary plan for infants and young children. It will reduce the amount of time that specialists spend on pediatric nutrition counseling and draw parents’ attention to the issues of early childhood nutrition. Key words: infant and young child nutrition, breastfeeding, complementary feeding, rickets prevention, nutrition calculation software
DGAT1-associated protein-losing enteropathy: the first clinical case report in Russia
Authors:   N.F.Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Kostomarova E.A. , Zhuravleva I.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Pravoslavnaya O.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shumilov P.V. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Demyanova T.G. ,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Chubarova A.I. ,   N.F.Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Tumanova E.L. ,   N.F.Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Dmitrieva Yu.A. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Z.A.Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Yudina A.E. ,   Z.A.Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Epifanova E.I. ,   Z.A.Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation, Korchagina N.S. ,   N.F.Filatov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Healthcare Department, Moscow, Russian Federation,   Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: July 2023

DGAT1-associated protein-losing enteropathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder related to congenital diarrhea and associated with a mutation in the DGAT1 gene that encodes the enzyme DGAT1, which is responsible for the final step of triglyceride resynthesis in enterocytes. With insufficient activity of DGAT1 enzyme, fatty acids and diacylglycerols accumulate in the enterocyte, having a cytotoxic effect and causing enterocyte apoptosis. As a result, atrophic enteropathy develops, which is manifested as protein-losing diarrhea from the first months of life, iron deficiency anemia, and vitamin D deficiency. The currently known treatment methods for DGAT1-associated enteropathy are a low-fat diet and parenteral nutrition. This article presents the first genetically confirmed clinical case of DGAT1-associated protein-losing enteropathy in the Russian Federation. Key words: DGAT1, enteropathy, congenital diarrhea, protein-losing diarrhea, children