bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSISTENT POTENTIAL OF PROTOZOA BLASTOCYSTIS SPP.
Authors: BUGERO Nina Vladimirovna , ILYINA Natalya Anatolyevna , ALEXANDROVA Svetlana Mikhaylovna
Published: August 2021

In recent years, the parasitic protozoan Blastocystis spp., inhabiting in the human gastrointestinal tract, has begun to attract more and more attention on the site of parasitologists. A high incidence of blastocyst contamination was revealed in individuals of various population groups. In this paper, the results of the study showing high rates of invasiveness of foundry workers by the above-mentioned protozoan, characterized by hazardous working conditions of both physical and chemical nature. The ability of protozoa to inhabit a particular ecological niche depends on their biological properties; thus, persistence factors are of particular interest. The article describes the persistent potential of Blastocystis spp., inhabiting the human intestines. Persistent properties in prokaryotes is a significant physiological factor for their existence and determine the mechanism of interaction of microorganisms that form the intestinal microflora. The complex of persistence factors (ALA, ALFA, and AHA) of Blastocystis spp. was studied. A direct correlation between the persistent activity of the blastocysts and the severity of intestinal microbiocenosis disorders was found. The effect of destabilizing production factors leading to the restructuring of the intestinal biome has been established, contributing to a decrease in the indigenous group of microorganisms and an increase of opportunistic flora. The received data allow using the most important biological properties of the survival of
CAS WAVELETS METHOD TO SOLVE REACTION-DIFFUSION SYSTEM AND COMPARE IT WITH (G.F.E) METHOD
Authors: SALIM Badran Jasim , JASIM Oday Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Wavelet analysis plays a prominent role in various fields of scientific disciplines. Mainly, wavelets are very successfully used in signal analysis for waveform representation and segmentation, time-frequency analysis, and fast algorithms in the propagation equations and reaction. This research aimed to guide researchers to use Cos and Sin (CAS) to approximate the solution of the partial differential equation system. This method has been successfully applied to solve a coupled system of nonlinear Reaction-diffusion systems. It has been shown CAS wavelet method is quite capable and suited for finding exact solutions once the consistency of the method gives wider applicability where the main idea is to transform complex nonlinear partial differential equations into algebraic equation systems, which are easy to handle and find a numerical solution for them. By comparing the numerical solutions of the CAS and Galerkin finite elements methods, the answer of nonlinear Reaction-diffusion systems using the CAS wavelets for all tˆ and x values is accurate, reliable, robust, promising, and quickly arrives at the exact solution. When parameters 𝜀1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜀2 are growing and with L decreasing, then the CAS method converges to steady-state solutions quickly (the less L, the more accurate the solution). It is converging towards steady-state solutions faster than and loses steps over time. Moreover, the results also show that the solution of the CAS wavelets is more reliable and faster compared to the Galerkin finite elements (G.F.E).
CYTOGENETIC CHANGES IN SCHOOLCHILDREN RESIDING IN ECOLOGICALLY ADVERSE REGIONS OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: BAKHTIYAROVA Sholpan , ZHAKSYMOV Bolatbek , KAPYSHEVA Unzira , CHEREDNICHENKO Oksana
Published: August 2021

In Kazakhstan, due to the strengthening of the geopolitical role in the international arena and active industrial development, negative environmental impacts have intensified in recent years. Many regions are environmentally unfavorable and carry the risk of an increase in the incidence of living in these conditions of the population. Numerous deviations in the health of the community create the conditions for genetic polymorphism and the growth of certain groups of diseases characteristic of regions with environmental pollution. Long-term environmental pollution is the reason for the increase in the rate of the mutation process and the volume of the genetic load in the human population. The purpose of this study is to show the influence of dominant environmental factors in distant regions of Kazakhstan on cytogenetic disturbances in the body of the younger generation. Students from different schools aged 16 to 18 years living near the Semipalatinsk test site of the East Kazakhstan region and in the Aral region of the Kyzylorda region took part in the studies. The results of the study show that the oral epithelial cells in two-thirds of the examined adolescents living in environmentally unfavorable conditions either near the Semipalatinsk Test Site or in the Aral Sea region of Kazakhstan revealed a wide range of cytogenetic disorders. The most significant percentage of violations associated with the formation of micronuclei, protrusions, and apoptosis, was detected in urban students living 150 km from the Semipalatinsk Test Site. When comparing the data of urban and rural students, the predominant development of cytological disorders was revealed, such as nuclear destruction (karyorrhexis, karyolysis, and apoptosis) in rural adolescents, which indicates the ongoing negative impact of the closed Semipalatinsk Test Site and the salinization of the Aral Sea on the health of the younger generation of children.
A NOVEL FRACTAL GEOMETRY DOPING FOR GRAPHENE NANORIBBON AND THE OPTIMIZATION OF CRYSTAL: A DENSITY FUNCTIONAL THEORY (DFT) STUDY
Authors: JABBAR Mohammed L. , AL-SHEJAIRY Kadhum J.
Published: August 2021

Chemical doping is a promising route to engineering and controlling the electronic properties of the zigzag graphene nanoribbon (ZGNR). By using the first-principles of the density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/ 6-31G, which implemented in the Gaussian 09 software, various properties, such as the geometrical structure, DOS, HOMO, LUMO infrared spectra, and energy gap of the ZGNR, were investigated with various sites and concentrations of the phosphorus (P). It was observed that the ZGNR could be converted from linear to fractal dimension by using phosphorus (P) impurities. Also, the fractal binary tree of the ZGNR and P-ZGNR structures is a highlight. The results demonstrated that the energy gap has different values, which located at this range from 0.51eV to 1.158 eV for pristine ZGNR and P-ZGNR structures. This range of energy gap is variable according to the use of GNRs in any apparatus. Then, the P-ZGNR has semiconductor behavior. Moreover, there are no imaginary wavenumbers on the evaluated vibrational spectrum confirms that the model corresponds to minimum energy. Then, these results make P-ZGNR can be utilized in various applications due to this structure became more stable and lower reactivity.
EFFICIENCY OF REMOTE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE APPROACHING THE CONTENT OF A E-LEARNING MATHEMATICS COURSE USING MOODLE SYSTEM: CASE STUDY
Authors: SOZONTOVA Elena A. , PRODANOVA Natalia A. , ZEKIY Angelina O. , RAKHMATULLINA Leila V. , KONOVALOVA Elena V.
Published: August 2021

In the higher education system, distance learning using electronic educational courses is becoming the most relevant and widely demanded way of learning. This is primarily due to the rapidly developing worldwide process of digitalization of education. Besides, in connection with the transition to a two-level education system, the number of hours in the curriculum devoted to students’ independent work has significantly increased. These technologies are a useful tool for organizing a student’s cognitive independence. The advantages are the ability to study at any convenient time, anywhere, the ability to learn at one’s own pace, and the ability to learn without interrupting work. On the other hand, there are some shortcomings, such as the problem of user identification and the need for the student to have strong motivation. This study aimed to show one of the options for organizing students' independent work on the example of the electronic educational course "Mathematics and Fundamentals of Mathematical Information Processing", created on the basis of the LMS MOODLE system. The experiment was attended by 30 students from two academic groups (15 people each) aged 16 to 17, studying at the Elabuga Institute of Kazan (Volga) Federal University. One of the groups mastered the discipline "Mathematics and Fundamentals of Mathematical Information Processing" in the traditional form, the other group - in the remote form using the electronic educational course developed by the authors. After studying the course in both groups, verification work and a survey were conducted. Processing the results of the control work using statistical methods made it possible to assess how much the success of students in mathematics depends on the choice of the form of training. The survey results allowed the authors to formulate ways to improve the quality of distance learning mathematics using an electronic educational course.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF THE YIELD OF SOY PROTEIN IN THE EXTRACTANT WHILE THE ABRASION-RESISTANT SOYBEANS IN SOAKED FORM
Authors: KLASNER Georgy Georgievich , SPIRIDONOV Alexandr Maximovich
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, every farmer is faced with the task of providing their livestock with high-quality food that will contribute to their rapid growth and health. It is also common knowledge that large farms have more opportunities to implement their projects and put new technologies and gadgets into operation. The presented device makes it possible to obtain a product of processing soy grain into soy milk, soy cheese "tofu", soy protein base for preparing feed for farm animals and poultry in small farms. This article explains the experimental method for finding the optimal values of the speed of rotation of the movable disk, the temperature of the extractant, the gap between the movable and stationary disks of the shredder, and the ratio of the hydromodule. Optimal values are those that contribute to the maximum protein yield. Experimental factors: ambient temperature from 17°C to 22 °C, barometric pressure from 93325 PA to 96658 PA, relative humidity from 65% to 85%. Protein extraction in an emulsion is based on the physical and chemical properties of the diffusion of dissolved organic compounds, with water as the extractant. As a result, methods have been found for the effective production of protein from soy grains, which can increase the yield of the suspension to 24-28 Gr. This is the most productive way to produce protein for feed modification using this device.
NANOPARTICLES OF NOBLE METALS ON THE SURFACE OF GRAPHENE FLAKES
Authors: IONI Yulia V
Published: August 2021

Carbon is a spread element that has many different reaction combinations. Obtaining new composite materials based on nanoparticles is a very actual and perspective topic because nanoparticles possess unique properties. These properties are retained and even amplified when nanoparticles are located in various matrixes. Furthermore, nowadays, the creation of graphene-based composites and graphene-related structures is a promising area of synthesis of composite nanomaterials. Previous research has determined that graphene has a unique set of electrophysical, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties. In this study, the synthesis of nanocomposites representing nanoparticles of noble metals (Au, Pd, Rh) on the surface of graphene flakes were carried out, and the study of their composition, structure, physical and chemical properties, and possible applications in catalysis. The immobilization of nanoparticles on the surface of graphene oxide and graphene was developed, and the original method of synthesis of nanocomposite noble metal nanoparticles on the graphene flakes surface using supercritical isopropanol as a reduction agent for the transformation of graphene oxide into graphene was created. The study of physical and chemical properties of the obtained nanocomposites and results of the study of obtained nanocomposites as catalysts for model organic reactions of cross-coupling and hydroformylation showed that it is possible to create the graphene-based nanostructures as effective functional nanomaterials. Research on the synthesis of graphene compounds and its unique physical properties form a promising direction in the chemistry and physics of new inorganic functional materials. The resulting nanocomposites can be used in such branches as electrodes for LEDs and solar cells, field-effect transistors, supercapacitors, sensors, fuel cells.
USING ONLINE THREE-TIER DIAGNOSTIC TEST TO ASSESS CONCEPTIONS OF IONIZATION ENERGY
Authors: SUPRAPTO Nadi , ABIDAH Azmil
Published: August 2021

The term describing the students’ notions of scientific concepts dissimilar from scientifically acceptable by the scientist is still debated. This study explores of how scientific concepts performed by high school students (HSSs), pre-service teachers (PSTs), and in-service teachers (ISTs) simultaneously to make clear between their conception vs. scientists’ conception, especially in the ionization energy concept. Therefore, it is crucial to raise the position of scientific conception and misconception. For diagnosing the misconceptions, some methods can be used: concept maps, interviews, multiple-choice tests (one-tier), multiple-tier tests (two-tier, three-tier, fourtiers), open-ended tests, and others. This study utilized multiple-tier tests with three-tier. Totally, 326 participants from Indonesia, including 118 HSSs, 165 PSTs, and 43 ISTs majoring in chemistry, were invited to complete an online -Ionization Energy Diagnostic-Modification (IEDI*M) test. The test consisted of 12 three-tier diagnostic items. The study indicated four substantial alternative conceptions were acknowledged: conservation of energy, half-filled sub-shells or stable fully-filled, octet rule framework, and relation-based reasoning. ISTs performed better than HSSs and PSTs on the understanding of ionization energy. The study has also specified the distribution of ionization energy conceptions of Group 1 and 2, and Period 2 and 3 on the periodic system. By utilizing the IEDI*M, the percentages of alternative concepts decreased from one-tier to two-tier and from two-tier to three-tier. This study gives some implications for the government, policy-makers, chemistry teachers, preservice teachers, and university faculty members.
ERROR ESTIMATION OF THE ALGORITHM FOR THE PHASE SHIFT DEFINITION OF HARMONIC SIGNALS IN THE TIMELESS THAN THE SIGNAL PERIOD USING STOCHASTIC SAMPLING
Authors: ZAITSEVA Irina N
Published: August 2021

Determining the parameters of a harmonic signal is one of the most common types of measurements in radio engineering, communication engineering, electronics and automation systems. The research and development of new methods for measuring the harmonic signal parameters are relevant. This work studied algorithm errors for determining the phase shift of harmonic signals using stochastic sampling. The relevance of this study is dictated by increasing requirements for the accuracy and speed of measuring equipment, the reduction of time it takes to decide on the presence of a signal while searching for it, that make it necessary to use statistically optimal methods for measuring signal parameters. The work aimed to develop an algorithm and estimate its errors for the possibility of practical implementation of the algorithm for processing infra-lowfrequency radio signals during stochastic sampling. According to the uniform distribution law, the instantaneous values in each sample of the signals under investigation are based on stochastic sampling in time. Mathematical modeling of algorithm errors for determining the phase shift of signals with harmonics, and depending on harmonics compared to the first (main) harmonic of the signal under investigation during the sampling by real analog-to-digital converters have been carried out. The obtained values of the algorithm errors for determining the phase shift of the main harmonic are within an acceptable range (30%); at harmonics amplitudes (up to the 3rd harmonic) within 20%. The computing experiment results for estimating the algorithm errors confirm the possibility of obtaining high accuracy in determining the phase shift of harmonic signals. This algorithm can be used for processing infra-low-frequency radio signals with sufficient accuracy in acoustics, hydroacoustics, seismic acoustics, underwater, and underground communication.
THE USE OF SPECIAL-PURPOSE SIMULATORS AS AN ADVANCED PROFESSIONAL TRAINING TOOL UNDER E-LEARNING CONDITIONS
Authors: MARTINEZ Fredy , MARTINEZ Fernando , MONTIEL Holman
Published: August 2021

Traditionally, power electronics has been a complex training field for undergraduate students in the electrical area of the Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas. In this course, multiple theories and concepts are difficult to assimilate due to the distance from other program courses and the complexity of conceptualizing abstract elements. A fundamental learning tool corresponds to the laboratory practices, which allow visualizing concepts, facilitating their understanding and assimilation. However, the mobility restrictions imposed at a global level have prevented access to these learning spaces, restricting fundamental elements of the process, such as direct interaction with circuits and power equipment and critical socialization among students. The effectiveness of the learning process is linked to the resources available, today these resources have been reduced as a result of the social isolation that is expected to continue in the coming months. To reduce this impact, the development of a computer tool has been initiated, capable of replacing the work of students in the laboratory in terms of direct interaction with the circuits, analysis of behavior, and design of applications. The tool is a circuit simulator specifically oriented to the area of power electronics, which is why it is preferable for specific training compared to traditional simulators, since it allows simplifying the behavior of the elements at the switch level, eliminating their parasitic analysis, and therefore reducing the demands on processing capacity, storage memory and simulation time. The first circuit implemented corresponds to an active power factor corrector on a Boost type converter, an application that in itself justifies the use of the tool. As preliminary results, educators have observed increased commitment and motivation of students in their autonomous work.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION, AND EVALUATION OF TOXICITY AGAINST SALINE ARTEMIA OF 2,3-UNSATURATED GLYCOSIDES
Authors: DA SILVA Edilma Elayne , BARBOSA Maria Verônica de Sales , DE FREITAS Jucleiton José Rufino , FREITAS Jucarlos Rufino , DE FREITAS FILHO João Rufino
Published: August 2021

In the chemistry of carbohydrates, the 2,3-unsaturated O-glycoside is an organic molecule in which the saccharide unit is linked to another functional group through a glycosidic bond. Unsaturated carbohydrate derivatives are useful intermediates in synthetic transformations leading to a variety of compounds. The use of 2,3-unsaturated glycosides in glycosylation has grown exponentially during the last decade. On the other hand, there is little work in the literature that describes the synthesis and biological activity of 2,3-unsaturated Oglycoside containing the 1,2,4-oxadiazoles as aglycone. Therefore, the objective of the work is to synthesize, characterize, and evaluate its toxicity using Artemia salina. Initially, precursors, tri-O-acetyl-D-glical (7), and racemic 1,2,4-oxadiazoles (6a/b) were prepared. Then, the reaction between the tri-O-acetyl-D-glical (7) and the alcohols (R, S)-3-aryl-[1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]-propan-2-ol (6a/b) was carried out using montmorillonite K-10 in dry dichloromethane as a catalyst, under reflux at a temperature of 45 °C, providing the compounds (8a/b) in excellent yields (96% compound 8a and 93% compound 8b). Compounds 8a/b synthesized were characterized based on their IR, 1H NMR, and 13C, and subsequently subjected to toxicity bioassays against the microcrustacean Artemia salina Leach. With cytotoxic activities, it was found that the mortality rate varied from 75-100% in all concentrations, which demonstrates that the compounds have potential for testing in other bioassays. The LD50 is observed at 77.21 (compound 8a) and 74.09 (compound 8b). These results can contribute to the deepening of knowledge about potential pharmacological and may be used in studies of structural modification studies to be possible pro-drugs.
DEVELOPMENT AND INTRODUCTION OF NEW HIGH-POTENCY GROWTH REGULATOR FOR RESTORING SOIL FERTILITY IN ARID AREAS OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors: ARYNOV Kazhimukhan T , ZHUBATOV Zhailaubay , AUESHOV Abdirazah P , SARUAROVA Gulnur M , NURTAZA Nazgul M
Published: August 2021

The object of the study is organic mineral fertilizers obtained from brown coal and vermicompost to increase the yield of grain and vegetable crops, as well as various tree varieties. The purpose of the study is the development and implementation of a new organomineral fertilizer to restore the fertility of soil and forests, reduce desertification, and increase the yield of agricultural crops. In the process, studies were carried out to select the optimal conditions for obtaining organomineral fertilizer s, determine their composition and structure, and establish the optimal concentration of the compound. As a result of the work carried out, several organomineral fertilizer with the effect of growth stimulation have been synthesized from a complex feedstock: brown coal and vermicompost, containing enzymes, amino acids, vitamins, organic acids, phytohormones, as well as a complex of minerals and trace elements. Laboratory and field experiments on the effect of the new organomineral fertilizer on vegetables, grain crops, and some trees were carried out. It has been discovered that the use of the new fertilizer increases the yield of grain crops by 4.2-4.7 dt/ha and vegetable crops by 2.4-3.2 t/ha. The use of this compound in the agrotechnical cultivation of coniferous trees increases 4.0-4.7 cm compared to the basic version of fertilizer. At the forest nursery of MPI “Bakanasskoe Forestry”, experiments on the effect of organic fertilization on the seeds of black saxaul are carried out on the territory of 1.0 hectares. Degree of implementation - applications for patents of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Eurasian Patent Office have been submitted. Based on the research results, it is planned to develop and introduce 1 compound into the practice of plant growth. The research results can find application in the following areas: agriculture and forestry, soil ecology and agrochemistry, biotechnology. Efficiency – the simplicity of production technology, multicomponent, good solubility in water, a low dose of application – 0.01% of the active ingredient (0.1 g per 100 l of water) or long shelf life, safety, a wide range of crops covered.
EFFECT OF HORMONE-INDUCED STRESS ON CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO) COAGULOGRAM
Authors: BEREZINA Daria I , FOMINA Lyubov L
Published: August 2021

Carp (Cyprinidae) is one of the dominating and most valuable fish species in fish farming. Under conditions of high-intensity cultivation, fish are systematically exposed to extreme factors that cause stress reactions, accompanied by changes in the functional state of the defense of the body systems and exert impact, primarily, on hematological parameters. The hemostatic system is one such defense systems, which counteracts bleeding through a coagulation mechanism. Hemocoagulation follows the same pattern in all vertebrates, from jawless fish to mammals, and represents an ancient adaptation of animals to stressful conditions, often associated with blood loss in nature. This research aimed to study the effect of hormone-induced stress on plasma (secondary) hemostasis in fish. Given the data fragmentation and differences in methodology and conditions, the lack of standardization in studying hemostasis in fish, especially in critical conditions, this problem remains not fully disclosed in global science. The article presents the results of studying carp (Cyprinus carpio) coagulogram parameters under the influence of acute and chronic stress responses, simulated by injections of synthetic cortisol analogs (dexamethasone for short-term stress, and betamethasone for chronic stress) during 21 days. The dynamics of these indicators were analyzed in comparison to intact fish. It has been established that by accelerating the activated partial thromboplastin time, prothrombin time, and increasing the amount of fibrinogen in the blood of fish, blood coagulation processes were clearly accelerated in all groups of animals tested by the last day of the experiment. The dynamics of other parameters, such as the content of soluble fibrin monomer complexes or antithrombin III content, indicated the simultaneous development of hypercoagulation processes in some groups. Assumptions have been made to explain the pattern of changes observed not only in treated fish but also in control animals.
MONITORING AND CALCULATING THE CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS IN BAGHDAD AND ITS EFFECT ON INCREASING TEMPERATURES FROM 2003-2018 USING REMOTE SENSING DATA
Authors: JASIM Mazin Shakir , MASHEE Fouad Kadhum
Published: August 2021

The city of Baghdad has witnessed an urban and industrial expansion with an increase in population, especially since 2003. Air pollution sources have multiplied by the increase in the number of vehicles and electricity generators, causing the emission of large quantities of hydrocarbon gases, including carbon dioxide, CO2. The discharge of such gases into the atmosphere and large amounts, will surely have a role in contributing to global warming. Therefore, it will have prominent adverse effects in influencing the rise in temperatures in the city. The research aimed to show the applied aspect of remote sensing and geographic information systems techniques in estimating the CO2 and its relationship to thermal balance for Baghdad city through fifteen stations distributed throughout the city. Remote sensing data adopted from US Geological and the European Centre, in addition to CO2 data for the Atmospheric Infrared sounder (AIRS) from Giovanni for the extended period (2003-2018), were used. Processing and statistical analysis were performed on data using GIS 10.6 and Origin 2018 software. The monthly rates of CO2 showed seasonal fluctuations between winter and summer, where the highest value of CO2 in July and the lowest value in February. Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) technology was used to represent the spatial distribution of CO2 concentrations in the city. Residential and industrial regions experienced higher levels compared to agricultural areas. Pearson correlation coefficient was used to find out the relationship between carbon dioxide and temperatures. The correlation coefficient showed a high positive relationship between increased gas concentrations and high temperatures for all study stations over the entire study period. It can be concluded the concentration of carbon dioxide differs locally in regions of Baghdad, such as residential, commercial, traffic, industrial, and rural areas, as well as during the months of the year.
IMPROVING COLD STRESS TOLERANCE IN CORYLUS AVELLANA L. USING VARIOUS CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
Authors: BAHRAMI Saeed , SAADATMAND Sara , HAJIVAND Shokrollah , FATH Mojtaba
Published: August 2021

Corylus avellana L., common hazelnut, is a globally cultivated economically valuable nut crop tree with a sensitivity to abiotic stresses remarkably low temperature. Its intensity varies based on the growth and developmental stage. The commercial consequences of cold stress on nut setting of hazelnuts are significant and practical approaches to address the problem are highly demanded. To tackle the issue of cold stress intolerance in C. avellana and provide producers with practical solutions, this study aimed to investigate the effects of various chemical substances on ten years old C. avellana trees under cold stress and its responses at the physiological and biochemical levels in leaves and female and male flowers. Hazelnut trees were treated with salicylic acid (3 mg L-1), potassium (2 mg L-1), thiofer (5 mg L-1), biobloom (66 mg L-1), and amino acid (0.5 mg L-1) in different treatments using the foliar spray under an average temperature of 4.13°C. It could be observed that the exogenous application of the compounds affected osmotic regulation (enhancement of protein and proline content) and antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, and glutathione peroxidase). In the case of the anthocyanin and photosynthetic pigments, the content of chlorophyll a, b, and total in leaves of trees treated by potassium with 217.38 ± 6.13, 66.23 ± 6.21, 150.66 ± 4.32, and 19.01 ± 2.20 mg g-1 fresh weight, showed the highest quantities. The leaves treated by salicylic acid had the highest content of carotenoid (289.62 ± 2.41). The same pattern can almost be applied to the range of these substances in male and female flowers. Although all five used helps C. avellana plants to overcome cold stress better, salicylic acid and potassium were the most effective. It can be concluded that the widespread commercial application of these chemical compounds to confer cold resistance to hazelnut trees is highly recommended.
EVALUATION OF VITAMIN D3 AND ZINC LEVELS IN IRAQI CHILDREN WITH GROWTH HORMONE DEFICIENCY AND THEIR RELATION WITH OTHER BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS
Authors: FALIH Israa Qusay , TAHIR Noor Thair , AL JEDDA Walaa Ahmed
Published: August 2021

Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is suspected in subjects with short stature (SS) and decreased growth velocity in whom other causes of low growth have been excluded. The growth hormone itself has a direct stimulatory action on the production of vitamin D3. Both vitamin D and growth hormone metabolism influences each other. Zinc level also plays an essential regulator of bone growth and potential growth pathway. A total of 50 children aging 4-12 years old with growth hormone deficiency have participated in this study. They were compared with 38 healthy children as a control group. This study was conducted during the period from September 2019 to June 2020. The patients were attending the National Diabetic Center/ AL-Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq. Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor-1, thyroid function test, cortisol level, vitamin D3, zinc level, fasting blood sugar, and lipid profile were measured in children with growth hormone deficiency. A nonsignificant difference was found in basal growth hormone between patients of growth hormone deficiency and control. There was a highly significant decrease in growth hormone level after 1 hour (provocation with clonidine) (p 0.001) and a significant decreased in growth hormone level after 1:30 hours (provocation with clonidine) (p 0.01) in patients of growth hormone deficiency compared to the control group. Also, it was observed a highly significant decrease (p 0.001) of insulin-like growth factor-1 levels in growth hormone deficiency patients when compared to control. It was also observed that there was a significant decrease (p 0.001) in the levels of Zn and vitamin D in patients with growth hormone deficiency compared to the control in addition to the distribution of the levels of vitamin D and Zinc have increased more in women than in men. It can be concluded that there was a highly significant decrease in vitamin D and Zn levels in patients with growth hormone deficiency compared to the control group. The deficiency of vitamin D and zinc levels may play an essential role in the pathogenesis of growing children with a growth hormone disorder.
ANALYSIS OF ENERGY AND WAVE FUNCTIONS AND THE THERMODYNAMICS PROPERTIES OF THE 6-DIMENSIONAL SCHRODINGER EQUATION UNDER DOUBLE RING-SHAPE OSCILLATOR (DRSO) AND MANNING-ROSEN POTENTIALS USING SUSY QM METHOD
Authors: BILAUT Dedy Adrianus , SUPARMI A , CARI C , FANIANDARI Suci
Published: August 2021

The exact solutions of the Schrodinger equations (SE) in the D-dimensional coordinate system have attracted the attention of many theoretical researchers in branches of quantum physics and quantum chemistry. The energy eigenvalues and the wave function are the solutions of the Schrodinger equation that implicitly represents the behavior of a quantum mechanical system. This study aimed to obtain the eigenvalues, wave functions, and thermodynamic properties of the 6-Dimensional Schrodinger equation under Double Ring-Shaped Oscillator (DRSO) and Manning-Rosen potential. The variable separation method was applied to reduce the one 6-Dimensional Schrodinger equation depending on radial and angular non-central potential into five onedimensional Schrodinger equations: one radial and five angular Schrodinger equations. Each of these onedimensional Schrodinger equations was solved using the SUSY QM method to obtain one eigenvalue and one wave function of the radial part, five eigenvalues, and five angular wave functions angular part. Some thermodynamic properties such, the vibrational mean energy 𝑈, vibrational specific heat 𝐶, vibrational free energy 𝐹, and vibrational entropy 𝑆, were obtained using the radial energy equations. The results showed that except the 𝑛𝑙1, all increment of angular quantum number decreases the energy values. Increments of all potential parameter increase the energy values. Increment of angular quantum number and potentials parameter increases the amplitude and shifts the wave functions to the left. However, the increment of 𝑛𝑙1, 𝛼, 𝜎, and 𝜌 decrease the amplitude and shift wavefunctions to the right. Moreover, the vibrational mean energy 𝑈 and free energy 𝐹 increased as the increasing value of potentials parameters, where the ω parameter has the dominant effect than the other parameters. The vibrational specific heat 𝐶 and entropy 𝑆 affected only by the 𝜔 parameter, where 𝐶 and 𝑆 decreased as the increase of 𝜔.
INTERACTIVE MULTIMEDIA TO ENHANCE STUDENTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF CONCEPTS IN ENGINEERING DRAWING COURSE
Authors: WIDAYANA Gede , RATNAWATI Dianna , ROHMAN Mojibur , SURYAMAN Suryaman
Published: August 2021

Engineering Drawing is one of the compulsory courses in the Department of Mechanical Engineering in Indonesia. This course aims to equip students with basic understanding and skills in drawing. In this case, this study aimed to develop learning media in the form of interactive multimedia determining the level of eligibility of the developed multimedia, and testing the effectiveness of the developed multimedia in enhancing students’ understanding of the basic concepts of engineering drawings. For this reason, this study used an R and D design with the 4D model to produce and test the effectiveness of the developed multimedia. The product validity test was carried out by two experts, namely one material expert and one media expert. The effectiveness test, onegroup pretest-posttest design was carried out by involving 28 students of the Mechanical Engineering Education study program at Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha, Bali, Indonesia. The results showed that both material and media experts agreed that the developed multimedia was suitable for teaching equipment in the lecture process. The effectiveness test also showed that multimedia developed effectively increased students’ understanding of the basic concepts of engineering drawings. The use of interactive multimedia could improve students' motivation and independence in learning, thus increasing their understanding of the Engineering Drawing course concepts.
TECHNICAL INVESTIGATION OF SEA SAND REINFORCEMENT FOR NOVEL AL6061- SEA SAND COMPOSITES: IDENTIFICATION OF PERFORMANCE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES
Authors: AKBAR Hammar Ilham , SUROJO Eko , ARIAWAN Dody , PRABOWO Aditya Rio
Published: August 2021

Lightweight materials with low-cost production have been developed in recent years. The addition of ceramics and oxide particles such as Al2O3, SiC, and SiO2 has been improving in the mechanical properties of aluminum matrix composites (AMCs). As a solution, the use of natural reinforcing material continues to investigate. This paper investigates sea sand as an alternative reinforcement to AMCs. The Al 6061 was used as the matrix and sea sand as reinforcement. The manufacturing of the composite was conducted by stir casting route with variation 0, 2, 4, 6 %wt of the reinforcement. The composite was tested in hardness and tensile strength, the hardness test was obtained according to ASTM E-10, and the tensile test was conducted according to JIS Z2201 standard. Composite density decreases linearly with the addition of the reinforcement from 2 %wt to 6%wt, and the same phenomenon is obtained in porosity, the porosity increases with the addition of sea sand particles from 2%wt to 6%wt. The decline in density due to the lower density of sea sand particles compared to the aluminum matrix. Higher the sea sand particle that disperses into the matrix resulted in a lower density of the composite. Increasing porosity caused a higher fraction of reinforcement resulting in wider surface contact between matrix and reinforcement that promote the porosity. The hardness and ultimate tensile strength of AMCs increase with increasing of sea sand particles content. The presence of an oxide compound on the sea sand increased the mechanical properties of the composite. Increasing in mechanical properties indicate the sea sand particle dispersed into the matrix and sea sand can be used as engineering purpose material.
RADIATION DOSE RATE MEASUREMENT FOR PROTECTION PROGRAMS IN THE WORK ENVIRONMENT FOR THE HEALTH WORKERS: AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY
Authors: FARDELA Ramacos , SUPARTA Gede Bayu , ASHARI Ahmad , TRIYANA Kuwat
Published: August 2021

Radiation is the energy emitted from electrons in particles or photons (waves) and is classified into nonionized and ionized. Ionizing radiation demonstrates the ability to disintegrate matter along its path and has proven beneficial in medicine. Exposure to this energy tends to instigate adverse effects on human health and heredity (genetics). However, the radiation is not directly measured but requires a nuclear detector to serve as a monitoring device. Radiation workers’ awareness of ionizing radiation levels in the work environment is one of the most important factors in preventing the negative effects of radioactivity. This is possibly identified using various types of detectors. This experiment aimed to provide an overview of radiation dose rate measurement under two conditions. First is the event of contamination in the work environment. The second involves using a detector to solely determine the dose rate from a single source, e.g., gamma radiation. Therefore, the radiation dose rate
was evaluated by maximizing the use of detectors with a GUI as a survey meter for contamination. The highest rate (261.42 μSv / h) was observed at a distance of 5 mm, while the least (69.21 μSv / h) was recorded at 50 mm. Also, a dose rate of 5.4 μSv / h and 1.32 μSv / h was obtained at a 5 mm and 50 mm distance from the radiation source, respectively, following the operation as a gamma survey meter. This result shows strong linearity between both measurements and is estimated to accurately determine the contamination level of radioactive elements, alongside the doses rate of the gamma radiation emitting elements.
THE PREVALENCE OF TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS PARASITE AMONG WOMEN IN SOME REGIONS OF MAYSAN PROVINCE
Authors: AL-MAJIDII Noor K. Saad , ALSAADY Hussain A. Mhouse
Published: August 2021

Trichomonas vaginalis is an extracellular flagellated parasitic protozoan. It adapts to live in anaerobic conditions of the women's vagina and causes Trichomoniasis, a non-viral, sexually transmitted disease (STD). This parasite spreads in all regions of the world, and the global prevalence rate of vaginal Trichomoniasis in women is higher than in men. It is considered a neglected disease in Iraq, as there are few studies about this parasite, especially in Maysan province, where researches are near absent. In this study, two hundred and twentysix vaginal swabs were collected from women who visited hospitals, health centers, and medical clinics in some areas of Maysan province (Amara district, Al-Kahla district, Al-Maymouna district, Al-Majar Al-Kabir district) during the period from November 10, 2019 to February 10, 2020. The microscopic examination of vaginal smears showed that the overall infection rate was 75.22% (170/226). AL-Kahla district had the highest rate of infection (96.15%), while the lowest was in the Maimouna district (60.00%). The age group 34-40 years had the highest infection rate (86.95%), while the age group 15 years had the lowest infection rate (37.50%). Married women had a higher infection (80.92%) than unmarried women (40.62%). The infection rate among nonpregnant women was high (81.11%) than with pregnant women (78.57%). This study showed that vaginal pH has a significant role in protecting the women vagina from Trichomoniasis, once the highest rate of infection (96.63%) was recorded in the vagina with a pH 6, while no infection was recorded at pH 4. It can be concluded that Trichomoniasis is widely spread among women of the Maysan communities, and the condition was affected significantly by some demographic factors such as age, occupation, marital status, husband polygamous, vaginal secretions, and itching and pH of the vagina.
EMPLOYMENT OF A SET OF QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS AS A WAY TO PROBLEMATIZE AND MOTIVATE THE TEACHING OF PHYSICS IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: RIATTO Fabrizio Belli
Published: August 2021

Physics, like the teaching of natural sciences, is fundamental for scientific and technological development. Although of fundamental importance to society, there is a significant lack of interest in high school students. This study aimed to develop and apply a strategy that involved a “game of questions and answers” to introduce the study of mechanics in a differentiated and more attractive way for students. For example, when talking about strengths, common sense is very ingrained, and it becomes complex to promote conceptual change in young apprentices. The game was used as a problematization to create an environment of need to search for new knowledge to face situations and answer questions. The proposal was applied to a second-year high school class at a private school in Porto Alegre. The sample consisted of thirty-three students aged between fifteen and seventeen, divided between eighteen girls and fifteen boys. The application was made during regular classes. The game was born from the need to create students with a willingness and predisposition to seek knowledge and transform their thinking about physics. The formulation of questions and answers was designed to make minimal subunits to search fora new experience. Through the students' responses, it was possible to observe that the degree of satisfaction was relatively high and that they liked the game itself and the change in the classic and plastered form that the content was worked on.
BIOLOGICAL AND ADAPTIVE ABILITIES OF YOUNG CATTLE OF HEREFORD AND ABERDEEN-ANGUS BREEDS AND THEIR CROSS-BREEDS IN ARID TERRITORIES OF WEST KAZAKHSTAN REGION
Authors: AKHMETALIYEVA Aliya , NASSAMBAYEV Yedige , BOZYMOV Kazybay , NUGMANOVA Aruzhan
Published: August 2021

In recent years, there has been a persistent anomalous development of the climate. As a result of which pastures have been scorched, the yield of hayfields has sharply decreased, and temperature drops have been observed. In these conditions, the scientifically grounded choice of the breed and the creation of new genotypes adapted to local conditions and market requirements is an urgent problem. The object of the study were young stock (bulls-calves, heifer calves) and adult cattle (cows) of the Hereford, Aberdeen-Angus, and Kazakh whiteheaded breeds and young cattle cross-breeds of Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus bulls with scrub cattle. The article presents the analysis and determination of the breed resources of beef cattle for obtaining environmentally-safe beef. The study was conducted to establish the degree of adaptation of non-Kazakhstani beef breeds to the natural and climatic conditions of the West Kazakhstan region. Cross-bred animals had more pronounced adaptive properties in terms of hair cover and hair structure of the 1st and 2nd control groups. Simultaneously, in terms of main parameters of changes in hair cover and hair structure, purebred animals of the Hereford and Aberdeen-Angus breeds of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups, in general, were characterized by rather good adaptive properties depending on changes in the external environment. The data on the biochemical composition of blood indicated the normal physiological state of animals of all groups. They showed good adaptive capabilities to the sharply continental climate of the steppes and semidesert of West Kazakhstan in animals of all groups.
Land Cover/ Land Use Change and Climate Change in Dhofar Governorate, Oman
Authors: Ramadan E. , Al-Awadhi T. , Charabi Y.
Published: August 2021

The study of land cover/land use dynamics under climate change conditions is of great significance for improving sustainable ecological management. Understanding the relationships between land cover and land use changes and climate change is thus very important. Understanding the interactive and cumulative effects of climate and land-use changes are a priority for urban planners and policy makers. The present investigation is based on Landsat satellite imagery to explore changes in vegetation spatial distribution between the years from 2000 to2018 The methodology is focused on vegetation indexes tracking and algebraic overlay calculation to analyzed vegetation and their spatial differentiation, land cover change pattern, and the relationships between vegetation dynamics and land cover change in Dhofar Governorate. The study results have revealed that the vegetation vigor is lower in all years compared to 2000. The scene of 2010 shows the minimum vegetation vigor, overall. Besides, the investigation shows a statistical relationship between rainfall and the status of the health of vegetation. Monsoon rainfall has an impact of the growth of vegetation. Between 2012 and 2013, the vegetation activity shows a decreasing trend. The analysis diagnoses an area affected by the worst degree of aridity situated in the southeastern of Dhofar Mountains. Climate change is the main driving factor resulted from both human activities and rainfall fluctuation.