bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of intermetallic phase (TiFe) on the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of as-cast and quenched Ti–Mo–Fe alloys
Authors: Moshokoa Nthabiseng , Makhatha Elizabeth , Raganya Lerato , Makoana Washington , Chauke Hasani , Diale Ramogohlo , Phasha Maje
Published: May 2024

This study presents the phase analysis, microstructural characteristics, and mechanical property evaluation of the as-cast and quenched Ti–15Mo–xFe alloys with high iron content ranging from 4 to 12 weight percent. All the four alloys were produced in a vacuum-arc melting furnace. Heat treatment in the form of solution treatment was performed in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 1100 °C, with 1-h holding time and the samples were rapidly quenched in ice-brine. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to analyses the phases present in each alloy whereas the optical microscope (OM) was employed to track the microstructural evolution and percentage porosity. The mechanical properties of the alloys were evaluated using a tensile test and compression test method while the micro-Vickers hardness measurements were conducted to evaluate hardness of the alloys. The XRD patterns of as-cast showed peaks belonging to the β and α″ phases and intermetallic B2 TiFe phases. The as quenched XRD peaks illustrated β phase only and Fe·Ti·O2 phases. The as-cast OM micrographs revealed equiaxed β grains, substructures, dendritic structure, and pores forming around the grain boundaries. The quenched OM showed only β equiaxed grains with pores throughout the grain boundaries. The tensile properties such as ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and elastic modulus (E) of as-cast TMF0 were 264 MPa and 79 GPa respectively and these properties changed upon quenching to 411 MPa and 66 GPa respectively. The elastic modulus of TMF1 in as-cast condition was 74 GPa. The UTS and E of TMF1, TMF2, and TMF3 in as-cast and quenched conditions were not recorded due to the fragility of the samples that failed prior to yielding any useful data. The compressive strength in as-cast and in quenched condition decreased with an increase in Fe content. The micro-Vickers hardness in as-cast and quenched conditions showed a similar trend with hardness increasing slightly upon quenching for TMF0, TMF1, and TMF3 alloys but slightly decreased in the case of TMF2. The fracture surfaces of all the as-cast and quenched alloys were comprised of ductile and brittle fracture.
Analysis of the 1-year efficacy of four different surgical methods for treating Chinese super obese (BMI ≥ 50 kg/m2) patients
Authors: Zhang Zheng , Wang Lun , Wei Zhiqiang , Zhang Zhenhua , Cui Liang , Jiang Tao
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data of patients with super obesity who had undergone RYGB, SG, BPD/DS, and SADI-S. A retrospective observational study was conducted to analyze the perioperative and postoperative follow-up data of 60 patients with super obesity who had undergone bariatric surgery. A total of 34 men and 26 women were included in this study. The participants had an average preoperative BMI of 53.81 ± 3.25 kg/m2. The body weight and BMI of all four patient groups decreased significantly at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative values. Additionally, the TWL (%) and EWL (%) of all four groups increased gradually over the same period. Compared with the preoperative values, the systolic and diastolic blood pressure, glycosylated hemoglobin, uric acid, triglycerides, and total cholesterol decreased to varying degrees in the four groups 1 year postoperatively. RYGB, SG, BPD/DS, and SADI-S are all safe and effective in treating super obese patients and improving their metabolic diseases to a certain extent.
Genetic polymorphisms associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes in nulliparas
Authors: Khan Raiyan R. , Guerrero Rafael F. , Wapner Ronald J. , Hahn Matthew W. , Raja Anita , Salleb-Aouissi Ansaf , Grobman William A. , Simhan Hyagriv , Silver Robert M. , Chung Judith H. , Reddy Uma M. , Radivojac Predrag , Pe’er Itsik , Haas David M.
Published: May 2024

Adverse pregnancy outcomes (APOs) affect a large proportion of pregnancies and represent an important cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Yet the pathophysiology of APOs is poorly understood, limiting our ability to prevent and treat these conditions. To search for genetic markers of maternal risk for four APOs, we performed multi-ancestry genome-wide association studies (GWAS) for pregnancy loss, gestational length, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia. We clustered participants by their genetic ancestry and focused our analyses on three sub-cohorts with the largest sample sizes: European, African, and Admixed American. Association tests were carried out separately for each sub-cohort and then meta-analyzed together. Two novel loci were significantly associated with an increased risk of pregnancy loss: a cluster of SNPs located downstream of the TRMU gene (top SNP: rs142795512), and the SNP rs62021480 near RGMA. In the GWAS of gestational length we identified two new variants, rs2550487 and rs58548906 near WFDC1 and AC005052.1, respectively. Lastly, three new loci were significantly associated with gestational diabetes (top SNPs: rs72956265, rs10890563, rs79596863), located on or near ZBTB20, GUCY1A2, and RPL7P20, respectively. Fourteen loci previously correlated with preterm birth, gestational diabetes, and preeclampsia were found to be associated with these outcomes as well.
Machine learning models to predict submucosal invasion in early gastric cancer based on endoscopy features and standardized color metrics
Authors: Chen Keyan , Wang Ye , Lang Yanfei , Yang Linjian , Guo Zhijun , Wu Wei , Zhang Jing , Ding Shigang
Published: May 2024

Conventional endoscopy is widely used in the diagnosis of early gastric cancers (EGCs), but the graphical features were loosely defined and dependent on endoscopists’ experience. We aim to establish a more accurate predictive model for infiltration depth of early gastric cancer including a standardized colorimetric system, which demonstrates promising clinical implication. A retrospective study of 718 EGC cases was performed. Clinical and pathological characteristics were included, and Commission Internationale de l’Eclariage (CIE) standard colorimetric system was used to evaluate the chromaticity of lesions. The predicting models were established in the derivation set using multivariate backward stepwise logistic regression, decision tree model, and random forest model. Logistic regression shows location, macroscopic type, length, marked margin elevation, WLI color difference and histological type are factors significantly independently associated with infiltration depth. In the decision tree model, margin elevation, lesion located in the lower 1/3 part, WLI a*color value, b*color value, and abnormal thickness in enhanced CT were selected, which achieved an AUROC of 0.810. A random forest model was established presenting the importance of each feature with an accuracy of 0.80, and an AUROC of 0.844. Quantified color metrics can improve the diagnostic precision in the invasion depth of EGC. We have developed a nomogram model using logistic regression and machine learning algorithms were also explored, which turned out to be helpful in decision-making progress.
A bionic bird jumping grasping structure design based on stm32 development board control
Authors: Zhang Chunpeng , Shao Weiping , Hao Yongping
Published: May 2024

During takeoff and landing, birds bounce and grab with their legs and feet. In this paper,the lower limb structure of the bionic bird is designed with reference to the function of jumping and grasping, and the PID algorithm based on the development module of stm32 development board is used to speed control the lower limb driving element, so that the motor and the bishaft steering gear move with the rate change of sine wave. According to the speed of grasping response time and the size of grasping force, the structure of the bionic bird paw is designed. Based on the photosensitive sensor fixed in the geometric center of the foot, the grasping action of the lower limb mechanism is intelligently controlled. Finally, the kinematic verification of the lower limb structure is carried out by ADAMS. Experiments show that the foot structure with four toes and three toes is more conducive to maintaining the stability of the body while realizing the fast grasping function. In addition, it can effectively improve the push-lift ratio of the bionic ornithopter by adjusting the sinusoidal waveform rate of the motor speed.
Effects of static exercises on hip muscle fatigue and knee wobble assessed by surface electromyography and inertial measurement unit data
Authors: Dyer Olivia L. , Seeley Mark A. , Wheatley Benjamin B.
Published: May 2024

Hip muscle weakness can be a precursor to or a result of lower limb injuries. Assessment of hip muscle strength and muscle motor fatigue in the clinic is important for diagnosing and treating hip-related impairments. Muscle motor fatigue can be assessed with surface electromyography (sEMG), however sEMG requires specialized equipment and training. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) are wearable devices used to measure human motion, yet it remains unclear if they can be used as a low-cost alternative method to measure hip muscle fatigue. The goals of this work were to (1) identify which of five pre-selected exercises most consistently and effectively elicited muscle fatigue in the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and rectus femoris muscles and (2) determine the relationship between muscle fatigue using sEMG sensors and knee wobble using an IMU device. This work suggests that a wall sit and single leg knee raise activity fatigue the gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and rectus femoris muscles most reliably (p < 0.05) and that the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus muscles were fatigued to a greater extent than the rectus femoris (p = 0.031 and p = 0.0023, respectively). Additionally, while acceleration data from a single IMU placed on the knee suggested that more knee wobble may be an indicator of muscle fatigue, this single IMU is not capable of reliably assessing fatigue level. These results suggest the wall sit activity could be used as simple, static exercise to elicit hip muscle fatigue in the clinic, and that assessment of knee wobble in addition to other IMU measures could potentially be used to infer muscle fatigue under controlled conditions. Future work examining the relationship between IMU data, muscle fatigue, and multi-limb dynamics should be explored to develop an accessible, low-cost, fast and standardized method to measure fatiguability of the hip muscles in the clinic.
Accuracy of self-collected versus healthcare worker collected specimens for diagnosing sexually transmitted infections in females: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Jaya Ziningi Nobuhle , Mapanga Witness , Dlangalala Thobeka , Thembane Nokukhanya , Kgarosi Kabelo , Dzinamarira Tafadzwa , Mashamba-Thompson Tivani Phosa
Published: May 2024

The use of self-collected specimens as an alternative to healthcare worker-collected specimens for diagnostic testing has gained increasing attention in recent years. This systematic review aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens compared to healthcare worker-collected specimens across different sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), human papillomavirus (HPV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Treponema pallidum and Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) in females. A rigorous process was followed to screen for studies in various electronic databases. The quality of included studies was assessed using the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies 2 tool. There were no studies on syphilis that met the criteria for inclusion in the review. A total of six studies for chlamydia, five studies for HPV, four studies for MG, and seven studies for gonorrhoea and trichomoniasis were included in the review. However, not all studies were included in the sub-group meta-analysis. The analysis revealed that self-collected specimens demonstrated comparable diagnostic accuracy to healthcare worker-collected specimens across most STIs. This indicates that the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens can provide accurate results and enhance access to diagnostic testing, potentially improving healthcare service delivery. Future research should further explore the diagnostic accuracy of self-collected specimens in larger and more diverse populations.
A novel optimal identification of various solar PV cell parameters by using MRDT controller
Authors: Kumar Sunkara Sunil , Balakrishna K.
Published: May 2024

At present, Renewable Energy Sources (RES) utilization keeps on increasing because of their merits are more availability in the atmosphere, easy energy harvesting, less maintenance expenses, plus more reliability. Here, the solar power generation systems are utilized for supplying the energy to the local consumers. The accurate, and efficient solar power supply to the customers is a very important factor to meet the peak load demand. The accurate power generation of the sunlight system completely depends on its accurate parameters extraction. In this work, a Modified Rao-based Dichotomy Technique (MRAODT) is introduced to identify the actual parameters of the different PV cells which are PWP 201 polycrystalline, plus RTC France. The proposed MRAODT method is compared with the other existing algorithms which are the teaching and learning algorithm, African vultures, plus tuna intelligence algorithm. Finally, from the simulation results, the MRAODT gives superior performance when associated with the other controllers in terms of parameters extraction time, accuracy in the PV cells parameters identification, plus convergence time of the algorithm.
Strain-modulated defect engineering of two-dimensional materials
Authors: Santra Prosun , Ghaderzadeh Sadegh , Ghorbani-Asl Mahdi , Komsa Hannu-Pekka , Besley Elena , Krasheninnikov Arkady V.
Published: May 2024

Strain- and defect-engineering are two powerful approaches to tailor the opto-electronic properties of two-dimensional (2D) materials, but the relationship between applied mechanical strain and behavior of defects in these systems remains elusive. Using first-principles calculations, we study the response to external strain of h-BN, graphene, MoSe2, and phosphorene, four archetypal 2D materials, which contain substitutional impurities. We find that the formation energy of the defect structures can either increase or decrease with bi-axial strain, tensile or compressive, depending on the atomic radius of the impurity atom, which can be larger or smaller than that of the host atom. Analysis of the strain maps indicates that this behavior is associated with the compressive or tensile local strains produced by the impurities that interfere with the external strain. We further show that the change in the defect formation energy is related to the change in elastic moduli of the 2D materials upon introduction of impurity, which can correspondingly increase or decrease. The discovered trends are consistent across all studied 2D materials and are likely to be general. Our findings open up opportunities for combined strain- and defect-engineering to tailor the opto-electronic properties of 2D materials, and specifically, the location and properties of single-photon emitters.
Dishevelled2 activates WGEF via its interaction with a unique internal peptide motif of the GEF
Authors: Omble Aishwarya , Mahajan Shrutika , Bhoite Ashwini , Kulkarni Kiran
Published: May 2024

The Wnt-planar cell polarity (Wnt-PCP) pathway is crucial in establishing cell polarity during development and tissue homoeostasis. This pathway is found to be dysregulated in many pathological conditions, including cancer and autoimmune disorders. The central event in Wnt-PCP pathway is the activation ofWeak-similarity guanine nucleotide exchange factor(WGEF) by the adapter protein Dishevelled (Dvl). The PDZ domain of Dishevelled2 (Dvl2PDZ) binds and activates WGEF by releasing it from its autoinhibitory state. However, the actual Dvl2PDZbinding site of WGEF and the consequent activation mechanism of the GEF have remained elusive. Using biochemical and molecular dynamics studies, we show that a unique “internal-PDZ binding motif” (IPM) of WGEF mediates the WGEF-Dvl2PDZinteraction to activate the GEF. The residues atP2, P0, P-2andP-3positions of IPM play an important role in stabilizing the WGEFpep-Dvl2PDZinteraction. Furthermore, MD simulations of modelled Dvl2PDZ-WGEFIPM peptidecomplexes suggest that WGEF-Dvl2PDZinteraction may differ from the reported Dvl2PDZ-IPM interactions. Additionally, theapostructure of human Dvl2PDZshows conformational dynamics different from its IPM peptide bound state, suggesting an induced fit mechanism for the Dvl2PDZ-peptide interaction. The current study provides a model for Dvl2 induced activation of WGEF.
Coastal ecological disasters triggered by an extreme rainfall event thousands of kilometers inland
Authors: Li Wenjian , Wang Zhenyan , Cui Quanchao , Sun Xiaole , Huang Haijun
Published: May 2024

The world is experiencing an increase in the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, yet the influences of remote inland extreme weather events on the coastal ecosystem thousands of kilometers away remain poorly understood. Here we tracked the chain ecological effects of an extreme rainfall event in North China from terrestrial rivers to coastal aquaculture area of the eastern Shandong Peninsula. Our data suggest the autumn flood resulted from extreme rainfall event leads to abnormally low turbidity in the North Shandong Coastal Currents and coastal red tide blooms by introducing anomalous freshwater with an exceptionally high nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratio into the Bohai Sea. Lower salinity, stronger light conditions caused by limpid coastal currents, and phosphorus limitation resulting from red tide blooms account for huge kelp loss offshore of the eastern Shandong Peninsula. This study underscores the importance of considering multidisciplinary observation for risk management of unexpected extreme weather events.
Bio-based carbon foams assembled with Fe nanoparticles for simultaneous remediation of As, Hg and PAHs in co-contaminated industrial soils
Authors: Janeiro-Tato I. , Rodríguez E. , Lopez-Anton M. A. , Baragaño D. , Arrojo L. , Parra-Benito P. , Peláez A. I. , Gallego J. R.
Published: May 2024

Sucrose foams are novel nanocomposites to remediate co-contaminated soils without affecting pH and EC or Fe availability in the soils.
Integrating microfluidics and synthetic biology: advancements and diverse applications across organisms
Authors: Leal-Alves Chiara , Deng Zhiyang , Kermeci Natalia , Shih Steve C. C.
Published: May 2024

Synthetic biology and microfluidics merge to propel the design of various biological systems like bacteria, yeast, fungi, mammalian cells, or cell-free systems for targeted functions. This synergy accelerates synthetic biology applications across these diverse hosts, showcased in this review.
Multicolor reversible prussian white film with application in self-powered electrochromic device
Authors: Liu Guimao , Jian Zelang , Zhao Chunxia , Sun Haohao , Zhang Ning , Qi Yanyuan
Published: May 2024

The Prussian white film exhibits reversible multicolor conversion of transparent ↔ blue ↔ green ↔ yellow, and the self-powered electrochromic device with the system of Zn||PW||Pt@CC displays quick response speed and high reversibility.
Emission spectra and strain-dependent properties of flexible inkjet printed WSe2–graphene heterostructure photodetectors
Authors: Hossain Ridwan F. , Bandyopadhyay Avra S. , Adhikari Nirmal , Aryal Sujan , Kaul Anupama B.
Published: May 2024

Heterostructures of WSe2, a two-dimensional (2D) layered material, offer exciting opportunities for the development of optoelectronic devices and sensors, including in flexible, conformal modalities.
Cyano disubstituted tetrabenzoindeno[2,1-a]fluorene: open-shell or closed-shell?
Authors: Sharma Priyank Kumar , Jana Palash , Bandyopadhyay Subhajit , Das Soumyajit
Published: May 2024

We report the synthesis and properties of a π-extended indeno[2,1-a]fluorene derivative which is an antiaromatic diradicaloid exhibiting small diradical character despite showing a small singlet–triplet energy gap.
Fast proton conductors for low humidity: hydrophilic sulfonated and phosphonated polysilsesquioxanes with Al–O–P crosslinks
Authors: Itakura Hirotaka , Ishijima Masanao , Kajihara Koichi
Published: May 2024

Proton conductors obtained by crosslinking hydrophilic core–shell-type polysilsesquioxane oligomers containing sulfonic and phosphonic acid groups with Al–O–P bonds were clear, uniform, flexible, and highly conductive above 100 °C at low humidity.
Boron-incorporated nanosized SUZ-4 zeolite for DME carbonylation
Authors: Jiang Yiming , Hao Aijing , Zhan Ensheng , Beato Pablo , Chen Siyu , Fan Fengtao , Li Can
Published: May 2024

Nanosized SUZ-4 zeolite is formed with the incorporation of boron. HB-SUZ-4 exhibits higher DME conversion rate and selectivity to MA in the carbonylation of DME.
Superior electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution activity of a triply bridged diruthenium(ii) complex on a carbon cloth support
Authors: Arya Yogita , Ansari Toufik , Bera Sudip Kumar , Panda Sanjib , Indra Arindam , Lahiri Goutam Kumar
Published: May 2024

A comparative electrocatalytic HER on a carbon cloth support demonstrated superior activity of the triply bridged [1](ClO4)2 (TOF: 305.1 s−1) with respect to monomeric [2]ClO4/[3]ClO4 (TOF: 252.9/110.1 s−1) containing in situ generated ligand frameworks.
Construction and optimization of multi-interface nanotube structured phosphorus-doped bimetallic oxide arrays as efficient electrocatalysts for water splitting
Authors: Wang Jie , Chen Peng , Ruan Shengnan , Liu Rongmei , Shen Fengcui
Published: May 2024

The multi-interface nanotube structured phosphorus-doped bimetallic oxide P-CoMoO4/CF-1 exhibits remarkable water splitting catalytic activity. The nanotube structure decorated with MOFs arrays with unique surfaces provides abundant active sites.
Structure-directing synthesis of porous CuO–SiO2nanocomposites using carbon nitride
Authors: Takeuchi Yuki , Toyoda Yasuhiro , Gotoh Kazuma , Ohkubo Takahiro
Published: May 2024

Structure-directing synthesis with carbon nitride as a structure-directing agent and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane as a SiO2source constructed porous CuO–SiO2nanocomposites, which had a high specific surface area and fluffy structure.
Highly efficient tunable multi-wavelength laser properties of Er3+,Yb3+,Pr3+ triple-doped BaLaGa3O7 crystal at ∼2.7 μm
Authors: Gao Shufang , Pan Yueyang , Jia Kangyao , Pan Han , Xiong Yan , Cheng Shubo
Published: May 2024

Co-doping with sensitizer Yb3+ and deactivator Pr3+ can effectively improve laser efficiency in the Er/Yb/Pr:BLGO crystal; the maximum output power of 0.81 W was obtained at ∼2.7 μm.
Te⋯I secondary-bonding interactions in crystals containing tellurium(ii), tellurium(iv) and iodide atoms: supramolecular aggregation patterns, nature of the non-covalent interactions and energy considerations
Authors: Gomila Rosa M. , Frontera Antonio , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: May 2024

The importance of σ-hole bonding is emphasised in a series of mixed tellurium(ii)/tellurium(iv)/iodide crystals.
Photophysical analysis of dual fluorescence and phosphorescence emissions observed for semi-aliphatic polyimides at lower temperatures
Authors: Nara Mayuko , Fujiwara Eisuke , Vyšniauskas Aurimas , Gulbinas Vidmantas , Ando Shinji
Published: May 2024

The photoluminescence properties of four types of blue fluorescent semi-aliphatic polyimides (PIs) derived from aromatic dianhydrides and an alicyclic diamine were investigated between 298 K and 30 K to analyse the origins of their non-radiative relaxation (NR) processes.
Ga and In-based hybrid halide perovskites as an alternative to Pb: a first principles study
Authors: Chutia Tridip , Kalita Tanmoy , Saikia Uddipana , Kalita Dhruba Jyoti
Published: May 2024

Lead-free hybrid halide perovskites have gained much attention in the field of photovoltaics due to their non-toxicity, stability and unique photo-physical properties.
Size and shape effects on chemical ordering in Ni–Pt nanoalloys
Authors: Camilos Pamela , Varvenne Céline , Mottet Christine
Published: May 2024

Chemical ordering is studied in the core and facets of simulated Ni–Pt nanoalloys, with chemical ordering frustrations. Pt surface segregation is enhanced with temperature, and more pronounced in the icosahedral shape compared to truncated octahedral nanoparticles.
Benchmark ab initio characterization of the complex potential energy surfaces of the HOO− + CH3Y [Y = F, Cl, Br, I] reactions
Authors: Tasi Domonkos A. , Czakó Gábor
Published: May 2024

We perform high-level ab initio computations in order to characterize the potential energy surfaces of the reactions between hydroperoxide ions and methyl halides.
Exploring tunneling ESEEM beyond methyl groups in nitroxides at low temperatures
Authors: Eggeling Andrea , Ngendahimana Thacien , Jeschke Gunnar , Eaton Gareth R. , Eaton Sandra S.
Published: May 2024

The conformational flexibility of ethyl groups manifests in their methyl rotor tunnelling behaviour observed with ESEEM spectroscopy at low temperatures resulting in lower rotation barriers for ethyl groups than for methyl groups in nitroxides.
Synergistic effect of adsorption-photocatalytic reduction of Cr(vi) in wastewater with biochar/TiO2 composite under simulated sunlight illumination
Authors: Du Yadong , Ye Xiangju , Hui Zhenzhen , Jiao Die , Xie Yue , Chen Shifu , Ding Jun
Published: May 2024

After the loading of BC, the photoexcited electrons of TiO2 migrate to BC surface, which is conducive to improving the adsorption-photocatalytic performance for the reduction of Cr(VI) under sunlight irradiation.
Detection and disaggregation of amyloid fibrils by luminescent amphiphilic platinum(ii) complexes
Authors: Li Zhuoheng , Ekanayake Akalanka B. , Bartman Anna E. , Doorn Jonathan A. , Tivanski Alexei V. , Pigge F. Christopher
Published: May 2024

Amphiphilic Pt(ii) complexes exhibit turn-on luminescence response to HEWL fibrils. In one case, incubation of pre-formed fibrils with a Pt complex results in morphological change from larger fibrillar structures to smaller spherical aggregates.
From phosphanylphosphaalkenes to coordination copper and silver polymers containing P–P bonds
Authors: Ziółkowska Aleksandra , Prześniak-Welenc Marta , Kruczyński Tomasz , Gamer Michael , Ponikiewski Łukasz
Published: May 2024

Reactions of Ph2CP-PtBu2 with aromatic or aliphatic dithiols lead to the activation of the PC bond by a 1,2-addition reaction mechanism. Addition of copper or silver chloride, in the next step, leads to organometallic polymers with P–P bonds.
Solid–liquid partitioning of dengue, West Nile, Zika, hepatitis A, influenza A, and SARS-CoV-2 viruses in wastewater from across the USA
Authors: Roldan-Hernandez Laura , Van Oost Camila , Boehm Alexandria B.
Published: May 2024

Limited information is available on the fate of respiratory and arthropod-borne viruses in wastewater.
Mild and selective transfer hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfuryl alcohol over Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 with methanediol as the hydrogen donor
Authors: Cheng Shubin , Lei Qian , Deng Conger , Liang Linlin , Chen Yan , Meng Huiwen , Lei Weixin , Chen Honglin
Published: May 2024

Water, in the presence of formaldehyde, splitting to generate in situ hydrogen for selective hydrogenation of biomass-derived furfural to furfury alcohol catalyzed by copper-based catalyst under mild conditions.
Rational design of small-sized peptidomimetic inhibitors disrupting protein–protein interaction
Authors: Wang Junyuan , Zheng Ping , Yu Jianqiang , Yang Xiuyan , Zhang Jian
Published: May 2024

Protein–protein interactions represent pivotal regulatory mechanisms in bioinformatics. This review comprehensively examines the design strategies for developing small-sized peptidomimetic inhibitors targeting PPI interfaces.
3-Pyridylvinyl benzoxazole-derived multifunctional organic materials—from solid-state photoreactivity to photophysical and electrochemical properties
Authors: Baskar Shyamvarnan , Kole Goutam Kumar
Published: May 2024

Crystal structure, solid-state photoreactivity and multifunctional materials properties of 3-pyridylvinyl benzoxazole-derived compounds, e.g., photophysical and redox properties, are presented.
A salt-resistant and self-floating Janus evaporator by electrospinning for stable solar desalination
Authors: Cheng Yingying , Luo Yanxia , Liu Yanhua , Li Dianming , Feng Libang
Published: May 2024

The Janus nanofiber evaporator, prepared by electrospinning technology, can realize the efficient desalination evaporation based on charge rearrangement.
High-capacity vanadium nitride anode materials synthesized by melamine-assisted pyrolysis
Authors: Dang Hao , Wang Lu , Peng Yuanyou , Zhao Lei , Li Yuan , Kang Xiaoya , Ran Fen
Published: May 2024

Structurally controllable clustered shuttle metal-organic frameworks (V-MOF) are selected as precursors, and melamine (C3H6N6) derived carbon is encapsulated on the surface of the V-MOFs by using high-temperature pyrolysis, resulting in the formation of N, C-codoped VN electrode materials (VNNC).
1,2-Bis-(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe) appended cobalt(iii)-dithiocarbamates as single source precursors of cobalt sulfide/cobalt phosphide composites: apt electrocatalytic materials for water splitting reactions
Authors: Srivastava Devyani , Kushwaha Aparna , Sudheer  , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Singh Ashish Kumar , Muddassir Mohd. , Kumar Abhinav
Published: May 2024

Three new heteroleptic Co(iii)dppe dithiocarbamates were synthesized and employed as single source precursors of cobalt sulfide/cobalt phosphide nanocomposites that were used as electrocatalysts for the OER and HER.
Simple and efficient non-doped deep-blue and white organic light-emitting diode based on hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) materials
Authors: Wang Xiyu , Li Xiaoxia , Yang Ruihao , Xu Huixia , Liu Baoyou , Yue Gang , Wang Hua , Miao Yanqin
Published: May 2024

The first all HLCT-based non-doped white OLED is demonstrated, which realizes excellent EL performance with the maximum EQE exceeding 5% and obtains a balanced white light emission with maximum CRI reaching 84.
Circularly polarised luminescence from intramolecular excimer emission of bis-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives
Authors: Eguchi Shiori , Naoe Mami , Kageyama Asako , Imai Yoshitane , Tohnai Norimitsu , Yamazaki Shoko , Nakata Eiji , Takashima Hiroshi
Published: May 2024

Bis-1,8-naphthalimide derivatives with chiral backbones were synthesised. They exhibited excimer fluorescence in polar organic solvents and circularly polarised luminescence with glum values of +1.6 × 10−3.
γ-Lactam synthesis from cyclobutanone via transoximation and the Beckmann rearrangement
Authors: Wu Yuhao , Inoue Masanori , Sakakura Shota , Hyodo Kengo
Published: May 2024

γ-Lactam is obtained from cyclobutanones using oxime reagents in the presence of a catalytic amount of Brønsted acid under mild conditions via transoximation and the Beckmann rearrangement mechanism.
Targeted inhibition of pyroptosis via a carbonized nanoinhibitor for alleviating drug-induced acute kidney injury
Authors: Ji Yanjun , Wang Huan , Liu Xinchen , Zhu Zitong , Song Anjun , Chen Li , Ren Jinsong
Published: May 2024

A carbonized nanoinhibitor derived from a small molecule pyroptosis inhibitor is constructed to ameliorate drug-induced acute kidney injury by inhibiting pyroptosis with a favorable kidney-targeting ability and high therapeutic efficacy.
Optical up-conversion devices based on organic and inorganic quantum dot materials
Authors: Xiao Jing , Yin Zhaoyang , Tang Zhenyu , Gao Zhigang , Zhang Lian , Ren Jing
Published: May 2024

Infrared (IR) to visible up-conversion devices made by incorporating IR detectors with visible emitting units are able to directly convert IR light into visible light.
Entropy-calibrated stellar modeling: Testing and improving the use of prescriptions for the entropy of adiabatic convection
Authors: Manchon L. , Deal M. , Goupil M.-J. , Serenelli A. , Lebreton Y. , Klevas J. , Kučinskas A. , Ludwig H.-G. , Montalbán J. , Gizon L.
Published: May 2024

Context. Modeling the convection process is a long-standing problem in stellar physics. To date, all ad hoc models have relied on a free parameter, α, (among others) that has no real physical justification and is therefore poorly constrained. However, a link exists between this free parameter and the entropy of the stellar adiabat. There are existing prescriptions, derived from 3D stellar atmospheric models, that treat entropy as a function of stellar atmospheric parameters (effective temperature, surface gravity, and chemical composition). This can offer sufficient constraints on α through the development of entropy-calibrated models. However, several questions have arisen as these models are increasingly used with respect to which prescription should be used and whether it ought to be used in its original form, along with the impacts of uncertainties on entropy-calibrated models.

Aims. We aim to study the three existing prescriptions in detail and determine which of them demonstrate the most optimal performance and how it should be applied.

Methods. We implemented the entropy-calibration method into the stellar evolution code (Cesam2k20) and performed comparisons with the Sun and the α Cen system. In addition, we used data from the CIFIST grid of 3D atmosphere models to evaluate the accuracy of the prescriptions.

Results. Of the three entropy prescriptions currently available, we determined the one that has the best functional form for reproducing the entropies of the 3D models. However, the coefficients involved in this formulation must not be taken from the original paper because they were calibrated against a flawed set of entropies. We also demonstrate that the entropy obtained from this prescription should be corrected for the evolving chemical composition and for an entropy offset different between various EoS tables. This must be done following a precise procedure to ensure that the classical parameters obtained from the models are not strongly biased. Finally, we provide a data table with entropy of the adiabat of the CIFIST grid, along with the fits for these entropies.

Conclusions. Thanks to a precise examination of entropy-calibrated modeling, we are able to offer our recommendations with respect to which adiabatic entropy prescription to use, how to correct it, and how to implement the method into a stellar evolution code.
Morphokinematical study of the planetary nebula Me2-1: Unveiling its point-symmetric and unusual physical structure
Authors: Miranda Luis F. , Vázquez Roberto , Olguín Lorenzo , Guillén Pedro F. , Matías José M.
Published: May 2024

Me 2-1 is a high-excitation planetary nebula whose morphology and physical structure have not yet been investigated. We present narrow-band images in several emission lines, and high- and intermediate-resolution long-slit spectra aimed at investigating its morphology and 3D structure, and its physical parameters and chemical abundances. By applying deconvolution techniques to the images, we identified in Me 2-1: an elliptical ring; two elongated, curved structures (caps) that contain three pairs of bright point-symmetric (PS) knots; a shell interior of the ring; and a faint halo or attached shell. The caps are observed in all images, while the PS knots are only observed in the low-excitation emission line ones. These structures are also identified in the high-resolution long-slit spectra, allowing us to study their morphokinematics. The 3D reconstruction shows that Me 2-1 consists of a ring seen almost pole-on, and a virtually spherical shell, to which the caps and PS knots are attached. Caps and PS knots most probably trace the sites where high-velocity collimated bipolar outflows, ejected along a wobbling axis, collide with the spherical shell, are slowed down, and remain attached to it. Although the main excitation mechanism in Me 2-1 is found to be photoionization, a contribution of shocks in the PS knots is suggested by their emission line ratios. The combination of collimated outflows and a ring with a spherical shell is unusual among planetary nebulae. We speculate that two planets, each with less than one Jupiter mass, could be involved in the formation of Me 2-1 if both enter a common envelope evolution during the asymptotic giant branch phase of the progenitor. One planet is tidally disrupted, forming an accretion disk around the central star, from which collimated bipolar outflows are ejected; the other planet survives, causing wobbling of the accretion disk. The physical parameters and chemical abundances obtained from our intermediate-resolution spectrum are similar to those obtained in previous analyses, with the abundances also pointing to a low-mass progenitor of Me 2-1.
Ionised AGN outflows in the Goldfish galaxy: The illuminating and interacting red quasar eFEDSJ091157.4+014327 atz∼ 0.6
Authors: Musiimenta B. , Speranza G. , Urrutia T. , Brusa M. , Ramos Almeida C. , Perna M. , López I. E. , Alexander D. , Laloux B. , Shankar F. , Lapi A. , Salvato M. , Toba Y. , Andonie C. , Rodríguez I. M.
Published: May 2024

Context.Evolutionary models suggest that the initial growth phases of active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their central supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are dust-enshrouded and characterised by jet or wind outflows that should gradually clear the interstellar medium (ISM) in the host by heating and/or expelling the surrounding gas. eFEDSJ091157.4+014327 (z ∼ 0.6) was selected from X-ray samples of eROSITA (extended ROentgen Survey with an Imaging Telescope Array) for its characteristics: red colours, X-ray obscuration (NH= 2.7 × 1022cm−2) and luminous (LX = 6.5 × 1044erg s−1), similar to those expected in quasars with outflows. It hosts an ionised outflow as revealed by a broad [O III]λ5007 Å emission line in the SDSS integrated spectrum. For a proper characterisation of the outflow properties and their effects, we need spatially resolved information.

Aims.We aim to explore the environment around the red quasar, morphology of the [O III] gas and characterise the kinematics, mass outflow rates and energetics within the system.

Methods.We used spatially resolved spectroscopic data from Multi Unit Spectroscopic Explorer (MUSE) with an average seeing of 0.6″ to construct flux, velocity and velocity dispersion maps. Thanks to the spatially resolved [O III]λ5007 Å emission detected, we provide insights into the morphology and kinematics of the ionised gas and better estimates of the outflow properties.

Results.We find that the quasar is embedded in an interacting and merging system with three other galaxies ∼50 kpc from its nucleus. Spatially resolved kinematics reveal that the quasar has extended ionised outflows of up to 9.2−0.4+1.2kpc with positive and negative velocities up to 1000 km s−1and −1200 km s−1, respectively. The velocity dispersion (W80) ranges from 600–1800 km s−1. We associate the presence of high-velocity components with the outflow. The total mass outflow rate is estimated to be ∼10M⊙yr−1, a factor of ∼3–7 higher than the previous findings for the same target and kinetic power of 2 × 1042erg s−1. Considering different AGN bolometric luminosities, the kinetic coupling efficiencies range from 0.01%–0.03% and the momentum boosts are ∼0.2.

Conclusions.The kinetic coupling efficiency values are low, which indicates that the ionised outflow is not energetically relevant. These values don’t align with the theoretical predictions of both radiation-pressure-driven outflows and energy-conserving mechanisms. However, note that our results are based only on the ionised phase while theoretical predictions are multi-phase. Moreover, the mass loading factor of ∼5 is an indication that these outflows are more likely AGN-driven than star formation-driven.
Seismic performance analysis of double electrical equipment system connected by flexible conductors
Authors: Wang Xin , Hong Zhihu , Min Qingyun , Zou Dexu , Zhao Xijing , Xie Qiang
Published: May 2024

Structural characteristics of electrical equipment are influenced by connected flexible conductors. In order to study the seismic performance of the double electrical equipment system (DEES) with flexible conductors, a simplified modeling method of the DEES with flexible conductors was proposed in this paper. The refined finite element model of the DEES with flexible conductors was established using ANSYS software. Its seismic response level was analyzed and compared with that of the standalone equipment. Besides, the impact of ground motion input was also investigated. The results show that the first two modal frequencies of the DEES will be reduced by the flexible conductor. The flexible conductor can reduce the seismic responses of the low-frequency equipment in the DEES, while it increases seismic responses of the high-frequency equipment. When the slack of the flexible busbar is greater than a critical value, the additional pulling force on the top of the equipment caused by the busbar can be kept at a low level, which is also related to the ground motion input.
A pilot project for energy retrofit of educational buildings - The engineering campus of the University of L’Aquila
Authors: de Rubeis Tullio , Smarra Francesco , Franchi Fabio , Di Battista Davide , D’Innocenzo Alessandro , Ambrosini Dario , De Berardinis Pierluigi
Published: May 2024

The engineering campus of the University of L’Aquila represents a complex use case in the context of energy efficiency, mainly due to its size, the high thermal power, the hybrid hydronic and ventilation system, the absence of a room’s thermal control, and the progressive obsolescence of the heating plant.

An in-depth recognition and study of the campus’ HVAC system made it possible to assess the main energy inefficiencies and define interventions to improve its performance.

The energy retrofit, carried out by the University’s “Energy Commission Workgroup”, highlighted the main criticalities and potentials of the HVAC system providing viable paths for energy optimization. Among them, one of the hypothesized interventions concerned the thermal regulation of the heating plant, which is, to date, substantially absent.

This work presents the results of a Pilot Project to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of the closed-loop control on a thermal system. Two classrooms in the Engineering Campus, similar in geometry, orientation, and occupancy, were selected. One of them has been equipped with a control system. The results of the monitoring campaign showed that the proposed system achieved more than 30% energy savings over a three-month trial period.
Enhancing sustainability in construction: Analysis of high-efficiency solutions for NZEBs in the Marche Region
Authors: Serpilli Fabio , Di Loreto Samantha , Lori Valter , Di Perna Costanzo
Published: May 2024

Renewable energy, green energy, environmental sustainability, and interventions aimed at the construction of low-carbon structures are now major topics of interest for a sustainable, economic and social development of the city. For several years the international scenario has presented guidelines and protocols for the energy-environmental sustainability of buildings, often aimed at awarding a high sustainability label. In Italy one of the most used certification systems is the ITACA Protocol, recently updated by the UNI /PDR 2023, which through a series of criteria identifies global indicators on sustainability, energy efficiency and indoor comfort of the building. In this context, an multi-criteria analysis was developed to identify highly energy-efficient solutions for nearly Zero-Energy Buildings (NZEB) in the Marche region.
Geothermal district heating: Energy, environmental and economic analysis of a case study in northern Italy
Authors: Di Nunzio Nicola Cesare , Dénarié Alice , Angelotti Adriana
Published: May 2024

Geothermal district heating is a technology that has been established for over 50 years and offers a number of significant advantages. It allows multiple homes to be converted to renewable energy sources simultaneously, allows a stable heat supply with long-term fixed prices, and generally presents lower risks. The utilization of geothermal energy as a heat source for the network can be considered cost-free during operation, but has a critical economic aspect related to the initial investment. Geothermal district heating networks are in fact capital-intensive systems (CapEx), requiring substantial investments for the installation of the geothermal infrastructure. However, operating costs (OpEx) are significantly lower compared to conventional systems. This study examined the implementation of a district heating network in a medium-sized city in northern Italy. An energy and environmental impact assessment was conducted to determine the optimal plant configuration that maximises the use of the geothermal resource and minimises greenhouse gas emissions. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis was carried out to assess the impact of market variables on the overall cost of implementing the district heating network. This included an evaluation of changes in investment costs in response to variations in the value of electricity taxes -oneri di sistema-, of the revenues from the sale of thermal and electrical energy, as well as of the fuel costs. This study aims to provide a complete and detailed overview of the energy, environmental and economic implications associated with the implementation of a geothermal district heating network
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation—Understanding the Evidence: CESAR and Beyond
Authors: Sidebotham David
Published: May 2024

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been used for nearly 40 years for treating life threatening respiratory failure. Two historic randomized trials in adults, conducted using outdated techniques, did not show a survival advantage. However, recent case series and a large randomized controlled trial have demonstrated good outcomes from ECMO in adults. The CESAR trial, a large, multicenter, randomized trial comparing consideration for ECMO versus conventional therapy for treating severe acute respiratory failure in adults, has recently been published. The results and implications of this controversial trial are analyzed here, and a discussion of the problems inherent in assessing complex interventions in critically ill patients is provided. Additionally, the outcomes from ECMO from pandemic H1N1 influenza in Australia and New Zealand during the winter of 2009 are reviewed. Despite the inherent limitations of the methodology of the CESAR trial, the results support the use of ECMO in appropriately selected patients with life threatening acute respiratory failure. Treatments such as ECMO are extremely difficult to assess by randomized controlled trials. Observational data demonstrate excellent results from ECMO for treating patients with life threatening respiratory failure caused by pandemic H1N1 influenza, and have greatly influenced practice in Australia and New Zealand. Used as part of a multi-modal approach to treating acute respiratory failure in adults, ECMO is an important, potentially life saving, technique.
Systemischer Lupus Erythematodes 2023
Authors: Mucke Johanna , Aringer Martin
Published: May 2024

Mit zwei neuen Zulassungen in den letzten Jahren, einem Update der EULAR
Empfehlungen zum Management des systemischer Lupus erythematodes (SLE) 2023 und
neuen, vielversprechenden Therapieoptionen konnten in der SLE-Therapie
bedeutende Fortschritte erzielt werden. Nach wie vor steht der individuelle
Patient im Fokus, und Therapieansätze richten sich nach Manifestationen und
Patientencharakteristika. Durch das erweitere Armamentarium stehen nun jedoch
mehr Optionen zu Verfügung.