bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innenentwicklung in ländlichen Räumen zwischen Planungsideal und Akteurinteressen: Der Einfluss von sozialen Aspekten
Authors: Gerend Jennifer , Beck Marina
Published: February 2025

The perspectives of municipal representatives and property owners in three rural communities in Bavaria are the subject of this paper on property and infill development. The results of a survey were assigned to four spatially coded settlement types: historic town centres, post-World-War II settlement types, settlements from the 1980s and 1990s, and new developments after 2000. There were considerable differences between these settlement types in many of the responses: The responses from the newer settlements showed a more individualistic attitude than the respondents in the town centres. For example, vacant lots between buildings are often reserved as plots for grandchildren, others serve as green spaces. Little interest in selling is reported. This paper therefore recommends providing tailored support and incentives that take into account the social aspects of land ownership (including long-term lease options, land swaps, or swaps for units in a new building on the site). The results also show that many vacant lots are perceived in the neighbourhood as welcome green spaces. Therefore, administrations should focus more on planning green spaces in small rural communities and re-evaluating existing properties as potential public green spaces.
Intergenerational relationship and Multi-trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Indexing (MGIDI) in inter-varietal cross derivatives of black gram [Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper.
Authors: Anbazhagan Surendhar , Palaniyappan Jayamani
Published: February 2025

Black gram is a highly self-pollinated short-duration crop cultivated in various cropping systems viz., rainfed, intercrop and rice fallow. In the present study, hybridization was made between 2 black gram varieties viz., CO 6 and VBN 11, aimed to develop the recombinants and select superior progenies through Multi-trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The parent-offspring regression analysis was carried out in the F3 and F4 progenies of CO 6 × VBN 11. The significant regression and intergenerational correlation coefficients were observed for all the traits studied. The narrow sense heritability was found to be high for the number of seeds per pod. The other traits viz., plant height, number of branches per plant, number of clusters per plant, number of pods per cluster, number of pods per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, hundred seed weight and seed yield per plant showed moderate narrow sense heritability. The MGIDI was calculated for 62 F4 progenies of CO 6 × VBN 11 considering nine yield component traits. In F4 progenies, high broad sense heritability was observed for all the yield-contributing traits and high selection gain was recorded for seed yield per plant (49.77%), number of branches per plant (46.29%), number of pods per plant (37.74%) and number of pods per cluster (20.80%). Based on the MGIDI, six F4 progenies viz., P1, P6, P22, P49, P50 and P53 were selected. The selected progenies could be further evaluated and yield tested for commercial exploitation.
Powroty Henryka Berezy
Authors: Partyka Adam
Published: February 2025

Na przełomie drugiej i trzeciej dekady XXI wieku wzrosło zainteresowanie postacią Henryka Berezy i jego dorobkiem krytycznoliterackim, także wśród krytyków i literaturoznawców młodszego pokolenia; fragmenty archiwalnych artykułów autorstwa Berezy ukazywały się w internetowej prasie literackiej, a jego osobie poświęcono dwa numery tematyczne, w których zamieszczono pogłębione szkice, wspomnienia i ankiety literackie. W artykule przyglądam się sposobom, na jakie przedstawiano myśl krytyka i szukano potencjalnych punktów łączności pomiędzy stworzonymi przez niego kategoriami krytycznymi a współczesną sytuacją w polu literackim, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem dwóch: rewolucji artystycznej w prozie oraz nurtu chłopskiego.
Inventory of Diseases in Red Shallot Plants (Allium ascalonicum)
Authors: Haryuni Haryuni , Setyadi Ardhanesdian Rizqi , Suprapti Endang , Dewi Tyas Soemarah Kurnia , Irawan Norbertus Citra , Rahman Azhar Aditya
Published: February 2025

Shallots (Allium ascalonicum) are a popular spice vegetable cultivated in Indonesia, ranging from lowlands to highlands. Their demand continues to grow as they are an essential kitchen commodity, although their prices often fluctuate. This research aimed to examine the disease symptoms in shallot plants caused by pathogenic fungi and to identify the types of pathogenic fungi present on agricultural land in Bangsalan Village, Boyolali Regency. The study consisted of three blocks, each containing 12 plots, and each plot comprising 15 plants. From each plot, five plants were randomly selected as samples. This qualitative research utilized observational and descriptive methods, where symptoms observed in the field were described and identified based on macroscopic and microscopic characteristics. Macroscopic identification revealed symptoms such as wilting, rot, and spots on both leaves and tubers. Microscopic identification confirmed infections by the fungi Colletotrichum sp. (causing anthracnose), Fusarium spp., and Aspergillus sp. on shallots. The findings from this study provide valuable recommendations for managing shallot diseases in subsequent planting seasons if similar symptoms are observed.
Good Corporate Governance and Company's Financial Performance with a Perspective Agency Theory in Companies Listed in The LQ45 Index
Authors: Eka Oktafia  , Siti Ridloah  , Mochamad Akbar
Published: February 2025

This study examines the impact of good corporate governance on the company's financial performance. The population in this study are companies listed in the LQ45 Index for the 2017-2021 period. This study used a purposive sampling technique and obtained 28 companies, with as many as 140 observations. The result shows that managerial ownership has no significant effect on the company’s financial performance. The variable size of the board of directors has a significant positive effect on the company's financial performance. The independent commissioner variable has no significant effect on the company's financial performance. Audit committee meeting variables and gender diversity have no significant effect on the company's financial performance. Firm size as a control variable has no significant effect on company finances, and leverage as a control variable has a significant negative effect on the company's financial performance. Further researchers are also advised to examine other factors related to good corporate governance
Heme iron amplifies azoxymethane initiating effect on rat colon preneoplastic lesions
Authors: Keller Julia , Plaisancié Pascale , Fouché Edwin , Pralet Edwige-Marie , Naud Nathalie , Blas-Y-Estrada Florence , Maslo Claire , Ahn Ingrid , Chevolleau Sylvie , Meireles Maria-Helena , Héliès-Toussaint Cécile , Pietri Sylvia , Cassien Mathieu , Khoury Laure , Audebert Marc , Pierre Fabrice , Theodorou Vassilia , Olier Maïwenn , Guéraud Françoise
Published: February 2025

Graphical abstract

Objective

Colorectal cancer is a major public health issue for which dietary factors such as red and processed meat consumption seem to play a prominent role. Heme iron, which is present in important concentration in those food products, was reported to play a role in colorectal cancer promotion in animal studies. However, its role in colorectal cancer initiation remains to be established.

Methods

Male Fischer 344 rats were given experimental diets (control diet, ferric citrate-supplemented diet or hemin-supplemented diet) for 2 weeks before being initiated for colon cancer with azoxymethane. Rats were then fed a control diet for 8 weeks. Preneoplastic lesions, lipid peroxidation, genotoxicity and oxidative stress markers, together with gut microbiota, were analyzed.

Results

Heme iron, given in the rat diet for only 2 weeks before the colorectal cancer initiating event, increased two types of preneoplastic lesions in the rat colon, namely aberrant crypt foci and mucin-depleted foci, when compared to a control diet containing the same amount of iron in a non-heminic form. This heme iron concentration in the diet, representative of human consumption, induced at the same time a huge increase in luminal lipid peroxidation, a significant increase in RNA/DNA oxidative damage and an increase in the expression of antioxidant defenses in colon mucosa, accompanied by epithelial cell proliferation together with a reduction in colon mucus cells, and a gut dysbiosis.

Conclusion

These results, obtained in an animal model, suggest that iron, only in its heminic form, has a co-initiating effect on colorectal carcinogenesis.

Significance statement

Heme iron from red meat could play a role in colon cancer initiation in addition to its promoting effect.
Detección de vehículos en el tráfico urbano: una revisión sistemática de la literatura
Authors: Torres Talaverano Luz Elena , Rodriguez Rodriguez Ciro , Lezama Gonzales Pedro Martin , Petrlik Azabache Ivan Carlo
Published: February 2025

La seguridad vial es un tema de gran relevancia debido a la alta incidencia de accidentes de tráfico y sus consecuencias. El objetivo principal de este artículo de revisión es proporcionar una visión integral y actualizada de los avances en la detección de vehículos en el tráfico urbano respecto a los algoritmos, el procesamiento de datos y las métricas de validación utilizadas en este campo. Se realizaron búsquedas exhaustivas en Google Académico, PubMed y IEEE Xplore, en las que se escogieron estudios publicados entre los años 2019 y 2024. Los resultados revelaron 34 investigaciones seleccionadas, siendo Google Académico como el motor de búsqueda con mayor cantidad de estudios, representando el 47% del total. El año 2022 registró la mayor tendencia en publicaciones, con un total de 5 estudios. Los algoritmos más utilizados fueron YOLOv5, Faster R-CNN, representando cada uno, 6 investigaciones. Además, se observó el uso de conjuntos de datos propios y técnicas avanzadas para el procesamiento en entornos complejos de tráfico urbano. La métrica de validación más utilizada fue la precisión, presente en 16 investigaciones. En conclusión, esta revisión sistemática tiene un impacto significativo y establece una base sólida para futuras investigaciones en el ámbito de la seguridad vial, contribuyendo de manera efectiva al desarrollo de este campo.
Self-Injurious Behavior in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Inpatient Units: Actual Aspects of the Complex Care Provision
Authors: Lesinskienė Sigita , Afrahi Mariam , Pociūtė Kamilė
Published: February 2025

Background: Nonsuicidal self-injurious behavior in children and adolescents is a major concern that requires mental health professionals’ attention. The aim of this study is to analyze clinical care aspects of children and adolescents who self-harm in psychiatric hospitals.Materials and methods: In 2023, 30 various specialists from five different child and adolescent psychiatric units in Lithuania were interviewed. The survey used a semistructured interview consisting of twelve questions related to complex clinical care methods of children and adolescents who self-harm. The interview responses were summarized and grouped into 5 categories: assessment and monitoring, methods and consequences of self-injury, safety measures, prevention and treatment, insights from staff.Results: Self-injurious behavior in psychiatric inpatient settings was managed through risk assessment, monitoring, communication, medication, counselling, removal of sharp objects, patient allocation, and a several of other methods such as safety contracts, rewards or alternate pain-inducing or self-harm mimicking stimuli. Despite the hospital’s safety procedures patients frequently devised alternate methods to self-harm, such as hitting and scratching themselves and using nonspecific materials.Conclusions: The management of self-harm in children and adolescents psychiatric settings remains insufficient. Further research is needed to explore alternative ways of managing self-injurious behavior in child and adolescent psychiatric hospitals.
Retrospective Analysis of the Development of Taekwondo WTF and the Structure of Technical and Tactical Practice of Highly Qualified Taekwondo Athletes
Authors:   Prydniprovska State Academy оf Physical Culture аnd Sports, Ukraine, Pshenichnikov Pavlo , Mitova Olena ,   Prydniprovska State Academy оf Physical Culture аnd Sports, Ukraine
Published: February 2025

Purpose: to conduct a retrospective analysis of the development of Taekwondo as a national martial art and an Olympic sport, and to examine the impact of historical aspects on the formation of the modern technical and tactical arsenal based on scientific and methodological literature. Material and Methods. Theoretical research methods were employed to achieve the goals of this stage of the study. Besides the analysis and synthesis of literary sources and documentary materials, information retrieved from the Internet, the method of systematic analysis, the chronological method, the historical-logical method and the descriptive method were also used. Results: based on an analysis of foreign scientific and methodological literature, the main historical stages of the formation of modern Taekwondo were identified, including the emergence of new schools (kwans), organizations, the adoption of various names, and the introduction of new training and competition methods. These changes contributed to the development of the technical and tactical arsenal. A review of scientific articles by both domestic and foreign authors indicates an insufficient amount of theoretical material on the history of Taekwondo as a martial art, as well as on the analysis of the evolution of the technical and tactical arsenal of Olympic WTF Taekwondo influenced by new protective equipment and rule changes. Conclusions. The study examined the historical aspects of the creation and development of modern Korean national martial art Taekwondo, its transformation into a sport and an Olympic discipline, WTF Taekwondo which includes Olympic programs like sparring (kyorugi) and non-Olympic programs such as traditional forms (poomsae) and freestyle routines performed to music based on varying technical and tactical levels of preparation. It was established that under the influence of rule changes in sparring competitions and the implementation of protective electronic systems (PSS), the technical and tactical arsenal continuously evolves. This has led to the conditional division of technical and tactical preparedness into «old style» and «new style».
Lighthouse Parenting: Raising Your Child With Loving Guidance for a Lifelong Bond
Authors: Ginsburg Kenneth R.
Published: February 2025

Dr. Ken Ginsburg, a leading adolescent health expert, offers a parenting action plan that lays the foundation for the kind of relationship in which parents will be welcomed as a guide in childhood, throughout adolescence, and beyond. Available for purchase at https://www.aap.org/Lighthouse-Parenting-Paperback
Weather-Related Pediatric Fatalities in the United States: 2001 to 2021
Authors: Stephens Caroline Q. , Cairo Sarah B. , Fallat Mary E. , Melhado Caroline G. , Godfred-Cato Shana , Ong Hilary , Newton Christopher
Published: February 2025

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Major weather and climate disasters are increasing in frequency and severity. How often these events result in child deaths is unknown. We assessed temporal and regional trends in pediatric fatalities due to weather events in the United States over the last 21 years.

METHODS

We conducted an ecological study of weather-related pediatric fatalities between 2001 and 2021 using the National Centers for Environmental Information Storm Events Database. Weather-related fatalities were compared with pediatric fatalities included in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-ranging ONline Data for Epidemiologic Research database. The change in the proportion of all-cause pediatric fatalities associated with weather events was assessed over time. The frequency of events occurring in regions with Pediatric Disaster Care Centers of Excellence (COE) was examined.

RESULTS

Between 2001 and 2021, weather events were associated with 1423 pediatric fatalities. Sixty percent of fatalities occurred in male children, with a bimodal distribution in age. Flood/currents accounted for the largest proportion of fatalities (37%, n = 524), followed by cold/ice/winter weather (13%, n = 192), tornadoes (13%, n = 183), heat (12%, n = 168), and hurricanes/storms (11%, n = 155). Although no significant difference was noted in the absolute number of fatalities over time (P = .18), the proportion of all-cause pediatric fatalities associated with weather events increased (P = .006) over the course of the study. Forty-six percent of pediatric fatalities occurred in areas with an associated COE.

CONCLUSIONS

Pediatric fatalities from weather events make up an increasing proportion of childhood deaths. Expansion of health-system infrastructure for pediatric disaster planning and response may mitigate childhood deaths from weather-related disasters.
Clinical Application of Bacteriophage Therapy in Children
Authors: Ramchandar Nanda , Bradley John S.
Published: February 2025

Bacteriophages are highly specific in targeting single pathogens in the treatment of bacterial infections and thus offer a promising alternative to antibiotic therapies with the potential for essentially no impact to the child’s own microbiome. Bacteriophages have been evaluated by investigators for several pathogens and tissue site infections in adults, but data in children are lacking. The application of this therapy in pediatrics provides an extraordinary opportunity to redesign our approach to directed, precision medicine antimicrobial therapy for infants and children for both acute infections and for chronic infections, particularly those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. In this therapeutic approach, a bacteriophage preparation would be selected exclusively for and limited to the patient’s specific pathogen, thus minimizing the collateral damage to the child’s microbiome, as often demonstrated with antibiotic therapy. In the following article, we describe these novel anti-infective biological agents, review the recent literature, discuss practical considerations and limitations, and share potential applications for both topical and systemic administration of bacteriophages, either as primary therapy or in combination with traditional antibiotics. Additionally, important areas of interest for pediatric research are discussed.
GENESIS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF HUMANISTIC IDEAS IN PHILOSOPHICAL AND SOCIAL CONCEPTS
Authors: HORISHNA Oksana , PALASIUK Mykhailo
Published: February 2025

The article examines the evolution of the genesis of the concept of “humanism” and its ideas in the context of the development of philosophical and social concepts from antiquity to the present day. Based on the scientific works of foreign scholars, a deep analysis of the essence of the concept of “humanism” in the historical context of societal development is conducted. A personal interpretation of the definition of “humanism” is proposed as follows: a phenomenon that reflects the worldview position of society; a social concept with its inherent ideas and moral convictions, which changes and modifies according to the era and the needs of humanity; a transformation of philosophical thought that places the individual at the center of the universe; the value of human individuality and its worldview. It is argued that humanism develops under the influence of certain social factors, with dignity, social justice, and equality as its foundation. It has proved that humanistic virtues have formed an idea of the relationship between the individual and society and have caused transformations in educational and social processes, being actualized on the intellectual and cultural values of mankind.Based on the analysis of scholars’ works, the main currents of contemporary humanism are identified, including secular, ecological, feminist, cosmopolitan, and technical humanism. The influence of humanistic ideas on the implementation of the educational process is also discussed. It has proved that higher education, focused on the progressive humanistic views of humanity, should ensure the growth of a competent citizen, capable of systemic thinking, taking an active position in the resolution of social conflicts, which will be the basis of an evolutionary impetus for the development of conscious humanity.
PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING OF CHRISTIAN MARRIAGE IN THE WORKS OF C.S. LEWIS.
Authors: ZAKHARCHUK Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

The article deals with the interpretation of the essence and functions of Christian marriage by the British writer and thinker Clive Staples Lewis. It is emphasized that reflections on marriage are one of the components of Lewis's general Christian worldview and reflections on Christian behavior. Reflections on marriage are correlated with the definition of the essence of morality in general and, in particular, Christian morality. The Christian idea of marriage is based on the words of Christ that a man and a woman should be considered as a single organism, male and female created to be united in pairs.According to the Christian idea, marriage is a union that should be comprehensive, encompassing all aspects of a person's being, not reduced solely to the sphere of sexual relations, and certainly not a simple business alliance. Sexual relations are only one aspect of life in marriage; their ugliness outside of marriage lies in the desire to separate and isolate this aspect from all others. The Christian vision of marriage insists on the inseparability of all aspects of life, the connection of a person's existence in marriage with three types of morality, which together serve as a guarantee of a complete and perfect union. That is why marriage is interpreted as a “living organism,” a union of two people that should last a lifetime, and the church mostly prohibits divorce or allows it only as an exception. Divorce is compared to amputation, the loss of vital organs and the possibility of a full life. Lewis's reasoning also leads to the consideration of the issue in the political and social plane: the Christian concept of marriage should not be imposed by Christian politicians on the rest of society, for example, in divorce laws.It is determined that in the Christian philosophical reflections of Clive Lewis, marriage acquires a certain metaphysical significance. Its value from the point of view of the Christian worldview lies in the opportunities it provides to a man and a woman, namely, to realize the desire for a moral, meaningful, fulfilling life.
MORAL-ETHICAL AND PHILOSOPHICAL PRINCIPLES OF MYTHOLOGY
Authors: TARASYUK Larisa , TYMOSHENKO Taras
Published: February 2025

The article examines the moral and ethical and philosophical principles of mythology.  Understanding its philosophical and historical meaning will help to better understand the characteristics and values of different cultures. Despite their antiquity, myths resonate in the modern world. They reflect the values and beliefs of different peoples and eras, and their careful study helps us to better understand ourselves and others.The philosophical aspects of mythology include the analysis of how myths reflect and shape the worldview and values of the societies that created them. Through myths, we can trace the evolution of human thinking from irrational to rational, from magical to scientific worldviews. Myths serve as ‘markers’ of time and place, reflecting the worldview, ethical standards, and social structures of a particular era and culture. They help to identify what values were important to a society, how that society saw its place in the world, and how it tried to explain natural and social phenomena.The study of mythology helps reveal how historical events and socio-cultural changes affect the evolution of mythological ideas and are reflected in mythological stories. This is important for understanding the processes of cultural and intellectual development in society. The study of mythology also helps identify common themes and moral principles underlying various mythological systems, which may indicate the universality of some aspects of human experience and values. Mythology acts as an important source for the study of cultural, philosophical, and historical aspects of society and contributes to the expansion of our understanding of human nature and its history.
IMAGE TECHNOLOGIES OF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS OF UKRAINE DURING THE FULL-SCALE INVASION OF RUSSIAN OCCUPANTS
Authors: KOPTІEV Oleksandr
Published: February 2025

Today, Ukraine’s international image plays an important role in determining how our state is perceived as a political, economic, cultural and tourist partner. In turn, the processes of forming this image are complex and multifaceted and depend on such factors as: history, politics, economy, culture, innovation. Especially in the conditions of a full-scale war in Ukraine, the importance of a positive international image is growing, as it becomes key to the successful development of the country on the world stage.An effective image policy contributes to the formation of a positive image of the country among international players, which is an important condition for Ukraine’s integration into the global community, in particular into the EU and NATO. In turn, building a favorable image involves purposeful management of the impressions that the country makes on the international stage. This is especially relevant for Ukraine, which seeks to take a worthy place in the world, while preserving its cultural uniqueness and identity.This work is devoted to the peculiarities of Ukraine’s use of image technologies in international relations during the full-scale armed aggression of the Russian occupiers. In particular, the methods of creating a positive image of Ukraine, the role of opinion leaders and diplomatic strategies for attracting international support were analyzed, and the key communicative mechanisms for involving the world community in forming the image of Ukraine as a state fighting for the democratic values of European developed states were also identified.
Does nose spray addiction exist? A qualitative analysis of addiction components in rhinitis medicamentosa
Authors: Lakatos Lili , Koltai Borbála Gabriella , Ferencz Veronika , Demetrovics Zsolt , Rácz József
Published: February 2025

Background and Aims

Nasal congestion is a prevalent symptom often alleviated with over-the-counter nasal sprays containing decongestants. Rhinitis medicamentosa (RM), caused by the overuse of decongestants leading to recurrent mucosal swelling, poses a significant challenge for specialists in managing patients. Despite advancements in understanding, research primarily consists of case series with limited data on its impact on quality of life. This qualitative study aimed to explore the effect of nasal spray overuse on quality of life and identify addiction components among individuals with RM.

Methods

Twenty participants with RM were interviewed by an otorhinolaryngologist and addiction counsellor. The study employed a qualitative approach utilising directed content analysis and revealed eleven categories, classified into addiction components and distinctive features of nasal spray addiction.

Results

The analysis revealed the presence of all Griffiths' addiction components in the identified themes. Additionally, sleep disorders, the feeling of suffocation, side effects, illness identity and psychological effects on nasal congestion significantly impair individuals' quality of life.

Conclusion

This qualitative study identified key components of addiction in nasal spray overuse and suggested that RM might be conceptualised in the DSM-5 category of “Other (or Unknown) Substance-Related Disorders”, considering the lack of psychoactive effects. Nevertheless, in view of the current findings, it also seems to be plausible to examine the phenomenon in the behavioural addiction framework. The study underscores the need for further research and intervention strategies to address the significant impact of RM on individuals' quality of life.
O ENSINO, A PESQUISA E A EXTENSÃO:
Authors: Figueiredo de Sá Elizabeth , Costa Pereira Cristiano
Published: February 2025

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a História da Educação, enquanto ensino e pesquisa, procurando perceber a relação entre a oferta da disciplina e o ingresso de novos pesquisadores no campo da História da Educação. Utilizamos como fonte a legislação para os cursos de Pedagogia, planos de curso e a apresentação (slides) dos pesquisadores nas mesas redondas do VII Encontro de História da Educação do Centro Oeste, realizando em Cuiabá no ano de 2024. O texto foi organizado em duas partes, sendo que primeira analisa a disciplina de História nos Cursos de Pedagogia e, o segundo, aborda sobre o campo da História da Educação na pós-graduação. A guisa de uma conclusão, propomos a Ação extensionista como caminhos futuros para enfrentar os desafios, envolvendo desde estudantes do ensino médio até pós-graduandos, visando ampliar a consolidação da disciplina e enfrentar os desafios decorrentes da redução das cargas horárias nos cursos de formação de professores e pesquisadores.
Social determinants of corruption at the local level
Authors:   University of Silesia in Katowice, Wojtasik Waldemar , Trembaczowski Łukasz ,   University of Silesia in Katowice
Published: February 2025

Although the phenomenon of corruption is sometimes viewed through the prism of legal or economic issues, at its core it is a social phenomenon. Contemporary studies on corruption draw attention to its relationship with the issue of trust. The typological model of the relationship between trust and corruption provided the analytical framework for the described studies. Relating the types of corruption to objects of trust creates a perspective in which the perception of corruption by officials is an area of particular interest. The described research presents the perception of various dimensions of political corruption by local government officials. The juxtaposition of the assessed corruption phenomena indicates their interconnectedness in the perception of the respondents, thereby emphasizing the importance of accountability of political authorities.
The issue of anti-corruption prevention from the perspective of local government
Authors:   University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Tomaszewska-Hołub Beata
Published: February 2025

Anti-corruption prevention is an important element in combating corruption crime. This prevention is a complex system, consisting of formal and legal rules and regulations, organizational procedures, rules of professional ethics for local government officials, and activities aimed at raising awareness of responsibility and corruption risks. Interesting solutions are “Codes of Ethics” and “Anti-corruption Policies” introduced in local government offices. It should be emphasized that anti-corruption prevention must be constantly adapted to the changing situation of corruption threats.
Person-Centered Insights into Academic Burnout
Authors:   Adam Mickiewicz University, Piorunek Magdalena , Chirkowska-Smolak Teresa ,   Adam Mickiewicz University, Górecki Tomasz ,   Adam Mickiewicz University, Garbacik Żaneta ,   Adam Mickiewicz University
Published: February 2025

This quantitative study explored the profiles of academic burnout among students using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA). This study seeks to identify distinct burnout profiles in the Polish university student population. Using the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Student Scale (MBI-SS) adapted for Polish students, we analyzed data from 939 students across various disciplines and years of study, focusing on exhaustion, cynicism, and inefficacy. After using LPA ones were identified: minimal, moderate, and elevated risk of burnout, highlighting the variance in how burnout manifests among students. The findings underscore the importance of tailoring interventions to the specific needs of each burnout profile.
Elucidate The Role of Gender and Age on Computational Thinking Skills in University
Authors:   Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Rakhmawati Yeni , Retnawati Heri ,   Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Maulyda Mohammad Archi ,   Mataram Negeri Mataram, Indonesia, Zhapbasbayev Uzak K. ,   Kazakh-British Technical University, Kazakhstan, Kassymova Gulzhaina K. ,   Abai Kazakh National Pedagogical University, Kazakhstan
Published: February 2025

This study investigates differences in computational thinking (CT) skills among university students by gender and age. Using a quantitative crosssectional design, data were collected from 259 pre-service teachers aged 19-22. Results indicated a significant gender difference in CT skills (p = 0.000), with male students outperforming female peers. Although no individual age-related differences were found (p = 0.331), a significant interaction between gender and age was observed (p = 0.002). These findings highlight the need for educational strategies that inclusively foster CT skills development, addressing gender disparities to create a balanced learning environment for all students.
Growth Mindset in Medical Students and Fear of Failure
Authors:   Bogomolets National Medical University, Levytskyi Anatolii , Vygovska Oksana ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Benzar Iryna ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Golovatiuk Dmytro ,   Bogomolets National Medical University, Yaroslavskaya Svitlana ,   Bogomolets National Medical University
Published: February 2025

This mixed-methods research investigates how growth mindset pedagogy can reduce medical students’ fear of failure within a blended learning environment. Data were collected using Performance Failure Appraisal Inventory (PFAI) and qualitative interviews with instructors to explore how promoting a growth mindset influences students’ attitudes toward challenges and risk-taking. The results emphasize the importance of addressing fear of failure within medical education and highlight the competencies enhanced through a growth mindset, such as resilience, lifelong learning, and reflective practices. The authors provide recommendations for educators on fostering a growth mindset in medical students through strategies like normalizing failure, offering constructive feedback, and promoting a supportive learning environment.
Methodology for Training Young Athletes in 100 m Hurdle Running for Use in Sports Classes
Authors:   Charles University, Czech Republic, Petřík Pavel , Jandova Sona ,   Charles University, Czech Republic
Published: February 2025

Hurdle running requires precise technique, which should be taught in youth. This qualitative study examines methods for improving hurdle running technique in young athletes at sports schools. A 10-week intervention program, involving 16 targeted exercises, was implemented in 15 male athletes. Key technical areas, such as take-off, hurdle clearance, landing, and the first step towards the next hurdle, showed significant improvement. However, the last step before the hurdle remained challenging for many athletes. These findings suggest that while structured training enhances general technique, specific aspects may require more focused interventions.
New pathogenic treatments for myasthenia gravis
Authors: Alekseeva T.M. , Isabekova P.S. , Kondratova E.I. , Abdulina L.U.
Published: February 2025

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease caused by the production of specific autoantibodies to various components of the neuromuscular synapse, leading to muscle weakness and disabling fatigue. Treatment of MG aims to stop the symptoms and inhibit the triggers of the autoimmune process. For a long time, MG treatment included anticholinesterase agents and nonspecific immunosuppressive and immunomodulatory therapies used alone or in combinations: glucocorticosteroids, cytostatics, plasmapheresis, and intravenous immunoglobulin. Despite the fact that the above drugs are widely used in the treatment of MG, they can cause unacceptable side effects with long-term use and also are not consistent in induction of remission. The search for new effective and safe therapies for MG, especially refractory types that do not respond to standard therapy, is an urgent task. Due to advances in biotechnology and the emergence of new types of drugs, monoclonal antibodies or fusion proteins, targeted MG immunotherapy has been developed for specific pathogenetic targets. The presented review describes targeted MG therapies that are already approved In Russia and other countries, as well as those at different stages of development. Most targeted agents have some advantages over traditional immunosuppressive therapy: rapid onset of action, long-term remission, and minimal side effects. Currently, eculizumab and ravulizumab are approved In Russia.
The role of genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism genes in the manifestation of migraine in children
Authors: Strozenko L.A. , Ponomaryov V.S. , Sanina O.O. , Lobanov Y.F.
Published: February 2025

Objective. To assess the role of genetic polymorphisms in folate metabolism enzyme genes in the manifestation of migraine in children. Material and Methods. The study included 54 children aged 7 to 18 years with clinical manifestations of migraine. The control group consisted of 115 children without neurological disorders. Genetic analysis of four polymorphic variants of folate cycle enzyme genes was conducted: MTHFR: 677C>T (A223V C677T, rs1801133); MTHFR: 1298A>C (E429A A1298C, rs1801131); MTR: 2756A>G (A2756G, rs1805087); MTRR: 66A>G (A66G, rs1801394). In addition to genetic testing, data collection included patient complaints, medical and family histories, clinical examinations, determination of vitamin B levels (B6, B9, B12), and plasma homocysteine levels. The therapeutic effect of Cortexin (10 mg intramuscularly once daily) on the course of migraine in children was also assessed. Results. The rare homozygous 677TT genotype of the MTHFR gene was significantly more frequent in the study group (p=0.043), while the heterozygous 1298AC genotype of the MTHFR gene and the common homozygous 66AA genotype of the MTRR gene were more prevalent in the control group (p<0.05). Furthermore, levels of B vitamins (B6, B9, B12) and plasma homocysteine were measured in both groups. Children in the study group received a 10-day course of Cortexin. Conclusion. Patients with migraine showed a higher prevalence of the rare homozygous 677TT genotype of the MTHFR gene, which leads to elevated plasma homocysteine levels, often associated with latent folate deficiency. The use of «Cortexin» significantly improved the patients’ condition, reducing complaints of headaches, fatigue, and emotional instability.
Abobotulinumtoxin A injections for the chronic sialorrhea correction in children: Russian retrospective multicenter study
Authors: Klochkova O.A. , Kurenkov A.L. , Argunova G.V. , Duibanova N.V. , Zatravkina T.Yu. , Krasavina D.A. , Lukyanova E.G. , Nekrasova A.M. , Okhapkina T.G. , Sereda E.O. , Falkovsky I.V. , Khrulev S.E.
Published: February 2025

Objective. Multicenter retrospective analysis of the Russian experience in the use of AbobotulinumtoxinA injections for the correction of chronic sialorrhea of various etiologies in children. Material and methods. 608 injections (from 1 to 5 repeated injections) of the AbobotulinumtoxinA into the salivary glands for 226 patients aged 2.0 to 17.8 years (Me — 5.1 years) with various neurological diseases and neurodevelopmental disorders in 12 Russian centers. Results. In 180 patients (79.6%), AbobotulinumtoxinA was the first drug used to correct drooling. 177 (78.3%) children received combined injections into the salivary glands and body muscles to correct spasticity. The total doses of AbobotulinumtoxinA administered into the salivary glands during the first injection were (Med; min—max; 25—75%):150 U (7.7 U/kg); 30—400 U (1.9—27.3); 100—200 units (4.8—15.3). Doses to both parotid glands — 80 units (4.1 units/kg); 18—250 U (0.8—15.4 U/kg); 60—120 U (2.7—8.5 U/kg); in both submandibular — 70 U (3.3 U/kg); 12—160 U (0.5—13.6 U/kg); 40—80 U (2.1—6.1 U/kg). After the first injection of AbobotulinumtoxinA, a significant decrease in salivation was observed in 212 cases (93.8%). The effect lasted for an average of 4.9 months (0.5 to 24 months). Changes in the Drooling Impact Scale and subjective duration of effect were not significantly different after repeated injections. Adverse events were noted in 30 (13.3%) cases and persisted up to 2—3 weeks after injection. Conclusion. AbobotulinumtoxinA injections have shown effectiveness and safety in the correction of chronic sialorrhea in children, also in combination with concomitant spasticity treatment. Further research is needed to determine the optimal dose and treatment protocols.
Gender aspects of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Authors: Chutko L.S. , Surushkina S.Yu. , Yakovenko E.A. , Anisimova T.I. , Sergeev A.V. , Cherednichenko D.V. , Didur M.D.
Published: February 2025

Objective. The aim of the study was to clarify the clinical and psychological characteristics of girls with ADHD at different age periods. Material and methods. During the screening study, outpatient records of 1430 children with ADHD were analyzed, among which two age groups were identified (872 children with ADHD aged 7—8 years, 558 adolescents with ADHD aged 13—14 years). The control group consisted of 60 girls without psychoneurological pathology (30 aged 7—8 years and 30 aged 13—14 years). The following research methods were used in the work: the SNAP-IY scale for assessing the severity of the disease, The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) for assessing emotional and behavioral disorders, The Children’s Form of Manifest Anxiety Scale (CMAS). Results. The ratio of boys to girls in the study group as a whole was 3:1. In the younger age subgroup of children with ADHD, the gender ratio was 3.8:1, and in the older age subgroup — 2.2:1. Evaluation of ADHD manifestations showed that at the age of 7—8 years, boys and girls with ADHD are characterized by approximately the same level of inattention, while girls were distinguished by lower rates of hyperactivity and impulsivity. In the older age group, girls experience a decrease in inattention and hyperactivity, without significant changes in impulsivity. In girls, both in primary school and adolescence, a mild degree of the disease prevails. When assessing emotional and behavioral disorders in the younger age group, it was revealed that the total indicator of the SDQ scale and the indicators for the subscales «general assessment of difficulties», «emotional disorders» and «difficulties in relationships with peers» were significantly higher in boys with ADHD. Girls also showed better results on the subscale «prosocial orientation of behavior». Conclusion. An assessment of the manifestations of ADHD showed that at the age of 7—8 years, boys and girls with ADHD are characterized by approximately the same level of inattention, while girls differ in lower indicators of hyperactivity and impulsivity. In girls, both in primary school and in adolescence, a mild degree of the disease prevails. It has been shown that the ratio of boys and girls with ADHD-H is significantly lower compared to other types of ADHD. Girls with ADHD are characterized by less pronounced behavioral problems and a greater degree of prosocial behavior, while the high level of anxiety in adolescent girls with ADHD is noteworthy.
Nutritional care for patients with neurodegenerative diseases in the outpatient practice of a neurologist
Authors: Guzanova E.V. , Sorokina T.A. , Zorkova A.V.
Published: February 2025

Nutrition is a basic factor of health and well-being of people, affecting the quality and duration of life. Meanwhile, patients with neurodegenerative diseases of the central nervous system are particularly at risk of malnutrition and dehydration with serious health consequences. The article presents an analysis of the main causes of malnutrition in patients with neurodegenerative diseases, and considers a clinical case of including additional nutritional support in the comprehensive management of a patient with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The importance of screening elderly patients for the risks of malnutrition and dehydration during an outpatient medical appointment and including appropriate additional diagnostic and therapeutic (additional enteral nutrition and fluid regimen) measures in the work of an outpatient neurologist is emphasized.
CHARACTERISATION OF NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN Pb-Ca-Sn ALLOYS
Authors: Vončina Maja , Medved Jožef , Šegel Gregor , Balaško Tilen
Published: February 2025

Non-metallic inclusions in two Pb-Ca-Sn lead alloys used in the manufacture of lead-acid batteries were investigated and categorised. Samples of recycled lead alloys were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in combination with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). This technique enabled the analysis of the chemical composition of the alloys and the identification of non-metallic inclusions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the presence of non-metallic inclusions in two different recycled alloys. Non-metallic inclusions in lead alloys are detrimental, negatively impacting both the casting process and the mechanical and electrochemical properties of the alloys. Results indicate that oxide inclusions are predominant in Pb-Ca-Sn alloys. Non-metallic inclusions with stoichiometric compositions of PbO2, Pb2O3, Al2O3, and CaO were identified. Most of these inclusions were found near the surface of a sample, i.e., in the area most exposed to the atmosphere. The introduction of a protective atmosphere during the melting process could significantly reduce the occurrence of non-metallic inclusions.
PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION INTO THE FORMATION OF LiCo0.8M0.2O2-δ (M = Zr, Ca) AS TRIPLE-CONDUCTING OXIDE CATHODES FOR SOLID OXIDE FUEL CELLS
Authors: Mamsor Muhammad Amirul , Baharuddin Nurul Akidah , Norman Nur Wardah , Somalu Mahendra Rao
Published: February 2025

A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is an efficient electrochemical energy conversion device with low emissions. The cathode is one of the principal components of an SOFC, responsible for the reduction reaction. Triple conducting (H+/O2–/e–) cathodes are promising due to their enhanced performance, but existing materials like LiCoO2 (LCO) face stability issues at high temperatures caused by a high cobalt content. Hence, the study focused on synthesizing LiCo0.8M0.2O2-δ (M = dopant) using a glycine-nitrate process and introducing dopants (Zr/Ca) to the cobalt site of LCO to improve stability. Synthesized cathode powders were analyzed using a thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffractometry (XRD), and field emission scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (FESEM/EDX) to assess the thermal decomposition behavior, phase and structure formation, and microstructure, respectively. The XRD analysis confirmed a successful synthesis of homogeneous LiCo0.8M0.2O2-δ cathode powders (M = Zr, Ca) at a calcination temperature of 800 °C. The FESEM/EDX analysis indicated homogenous elemental distribution within the powders, with final experimental molar ratios of LiCo0.79Ca0.21O2-δ and LiCo0.78Zr0.22O2-δ for the Ca- and Zr-doped cathodes, respectively. This successful synthesis paves the way for further research on the stability and performance of these doped cathodes in SOFC applications.