bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intrusion Detection Algorithm and Simulation of Wireless Sensor Network under Internet Environment
Authors: Jin Jing
Published: November 2021

As an effective security protection technology, intrusion detection technology has been widely used in traditional wireless sensor network environments. With the rapid development of wireless sensor network technology and wireless sensor network applications, the wireless sensor network data traffic also grows rapidly, and various kinds of viruses and attacks appear. Based on the temporal correlation characteristics of the intrusion detection dataset, we propose a multicorrelation‐based intrusion detection model for long‐ and short‐term memory wireless sensor networks. The model selects the optimal feature subset through the information gain feature selection module, converts the feature subset into a TAM matrix using the multicorrelation analysis algorithm, and inputs the TAM matrix into the long‐ and short‐term memory wireless sensor network module for training and testing. Aiming at the problems of low detection accuracy and high false alarm rate of traditional machine learning‐based wireless sensor network intrusion detection models in the intrusion detection process, a wireless sensor network intrusion detection model combining two‐way long‐ and short‐term memory wireless sensor network and C5.0 classifier is proposed. The model first uses the hidden layer of the bidirectional long‐ and short‐term memory wireless sensor network to extract the features of the intrusion detection data set and finally inputs extracted features into the C5.0 classifier for training and classification. In order to illustrate the applicability of the model, the experiment selects three different data sets as the experimental data sets and conducts simulation performance analysis through simulation experiments. Experimental results show that the model had better classification performance.
PICAndro: Packet InspeCtion-Based Android Malware Detection
Authors: Sihag Vikas , Choudhary Gaurav , Vardhan Manu , Singh Pradeep , Seo Jung Taek
Published: November 2021

The post-COVID epidemic world has increased dependence on online businesses for day-to-day life transactions over the Internet, especially using the smartphone or handheld devices. This increased dependence has led to new attack surfaces which need to be evaluated by security researchers. The large market share of Android attracts malware authors to launch more sophisticated malware (12000 per day). The need to detect them is becoming crucial. Therefore, in this paper, we propose PICAndro that can enhance the accuracy and the depth of malware detection and categorization using packet inspection of captured network traffic. The identified network interactions are represented as images, which are fed in the CNN engine. It shows improved performance with the accuracy of 99.12% and 98.91% for malware detection and malware class detection, respectively, with high precision.
Research on AR-AKF Model Denoising of the EMG Signal
Authors: Chen Sijia , Luo Zhizeng , Hua Tong
Published: November 2021

Electromyography (EMG) signals can be used for clinical diagnosis and biomedical applications. It is very important to reduce noise and to acquire accurate signals for the usage of the EMG signals in biomedical engineering. Since EMG signal noise has the time-varying and random characteristics, the present study proposes an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF) denoising method based on an autoregressive (AR) model. The AR model is built by applying the EMG signal, and the relevant parameters are integrated to find the state space model required to optimally estimate AKF, eliminate the noise in the EMG signal, and restore the damaged EMG signal. To be specific, AR autoregressive dynamic modeling and repair for distorted signals are affected by noise, and AKF adaptively can filter time-varying noise. The denoising method based on the self-learning mechanism of AKF exhibits certain capabilities to achieve signal tracking and adaptive filtering. It is capable of adaptively regulating the model parameters in the absence of any prior statistical knowledge regarding the signal and noise, which is aimed at achieving a stable denoising effect. By comparatively analyzing the denoising effects exerted by different methods, the EMG signal denoising method based on the AR-AKF model is demonstrated to exhibit obvious advantages.
Barriers to Cigarette Smoking Cessation in Pakistan: Evidence from Qualitative Analysis
Authors: Hameed Abdul , Malik Daud , Mohamed Haniki
Published: November 2021

Background. With over 25 million tobacco users, Pakistan has one of the largest smoking populations in the world. Tobacco addiction comes with grave health consequences, especially for the poor and marginalized. Objective. This study explores barriers to smoking cessation in marginalized communities of Islamabad and the possibility of their use of Harm Reduction Products (HRPs), primarily e-cigarettes. Methodology. The study has used primary data of 48 respondents from marginalized communities. Several domains have been employed to evaluate the barriers to smoking cessation in these communities. Using qualitative technique, data was organized and categorized into objective themes. Conclusion. The experience of combustible smoking usually occurs in the 10-20 years’ age bracket. Regular smokers in marginalized areas of Islamabad smoke 20 cigarettes or a pack per day. Their choice of cigarette brand is largely driven by affordability. Most smokers have made at least one attempt to quit smoking. Peer pressure and friendship are major barriers to smoking cessation. Lack of knowledge seems to be the major reason for not seeking medical assistance for quitting smoking. Knowledge about HRPs, especially e-cigarettes, can best be described as vague. Higher prices of the alternatives to combustible smoking are a major hurdle preventing their use for smoking cessation.
Research on the Health Literacy Status and Compliance Behavior of Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome
Authors: Liu Huanya , shen Jing , Li Sien , Song Ying , Ju Mingfei
Published: November 2021

This study is aimed at assessing the current status of ACS patients’ health literacy and medication compliance, analyzing the relationship between the two, and providing ideas for clinically improving the medication compliance of ACS patients and preventing the recurrence of cardiovascular events. ACS patients need long-term medication to prevent vascular restenosis after surgery, and bad living habits and mood swings will affect postoperative recovery, so clinical interventions are needed to help patients establish a healthy lifestyle. The effect of conventional care is not ideal. Therefore, this paper uses regression analysis to analyze the correlation between the health literacy status of ACS patients and the compliance behavior, combines the investigation and experiment to perform regression analysis and uses mathematical statistics to process data. The connection between health literacy level and compliance behavior is discovered via a study, providing a point of reference for future research.
Long-term Mammography Adherence among Uninsured Women Enrolled in the Breast Screening and Patient Navigation (BSPAN) Program
Authors: Nair Rasmi G. , Lee Simon J. Craddock , Berry Emily , Argenbright Keith E. , Tiro Jasmin A. , Skinner Celette Sugg
Published: November 2021

Background:

The Breast Screening and Patient Navigation (BSPAN) Program provides access to no-cost breast cancer screening services to uninsured women in North Texas. Using data from the longitudinal BSPAN program (2012–2019), we assessed prevalence and correlates of (i) baseline adherence and (ii) longitudinal adherence to screening mammograms.

Methods:

Outcomes were baseline adherence (adherent if women received second mammogram 9–30 months after the index mammogram) and longitudinal adherence (assessed among baseline adherent women and defined as being adherent 39 months from the index mammogram). We used multivariable logistic regression and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model to assess associations of sociodemographic and clinical characteristics with baseline and longitudinal adherence, respectively.

Results:

Of 19,292 women, only 5,382 (27.9%) were baseline adherent. Baseline adherence was more likely among women who were partnered, preferred speaking Spanish, had poor reading ability, had prior Papanicolaou (PAP) testing, and prior screening mammograms, compared with women who were non-partnered, preferred speaking English, had good reading ability, had no prior PAP testing, and no prior screening mammograms, respectively. Of those who were baseline adherent, 4,364 (81.1%) women demonstrated longitudinal adherence. Correlates of longitudinal adherence were similar to those from baseline adherence.

Conclusions:

A large proportion of baseline adherent women (>80%) achieved longitudinal adherence, which highlights the importance of concentrating resources during the second mammogram in the progression toward continued adherence.

Impact:

Results from our unique dataset provide realistic mammography adherence rates and may be generalizable to other areas introducing no-cost screening to low-income women, independent of any regular patient-centered medical home.
The Mitochondrial Disruptor Devimistat (CPI-613) Synergizes with Genotoxic Anticancer Drugs in Colorectal Cancer Therapy in a Bim-Dependent Manner
Authors: Arnold Carina , Demuth Philipp , Seiwert Nina , Wittmann Simon , Boengler Kerstin , Rasenberger Birgit , Christmann Markus , Huber Magdalena , Brunner Thomas , Linnebacher Michael , Fahrer Jörg
Published: November 2021

Colorectal cancer is one of the most frequent tumor entities, with an increasing incidence and mortality in younger adults in Europe and the United States. Five-year survival rates for advanced colorectal cancer are still low, highlighting the need for novel targets in colorectal cancer therapy. Here, we investigated the therapeutic potential of the compound devimistat (CPI-613) that targets altered mitochondrial cancer cell metabolism and its synergism with the antineoplastic drugs 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and irinotecan (IT) in colorectal cancer. Devimistat exerted a comparable cytotoxicity in a panel of established colorectal cancer cell lines and patient-derived short-term cultures independent of their genetic and epigenetic status, whereas human colonic epithelial cells were more resistant, indicating tumor selectivity. These findings were corroborated in intestinal organoid and tumoroid models. Mechanistically, devimistat disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential and severely impaired mitochondrial respiration, resulting in colorectal cancer cell death induction independent of p53. Combination treatment of devimistat with 5-FU or IT demonstrated synergistic cell killing in colorectal cancer cells as shown by Combenefit modeling and Chou–Talalay analysis. Increased cell death induction was revealed as a major mechanism involving downregulation of antiapoptotic genes and accumulation of proapoptotic Bim, which was confirmed by its genetic knockdown. In human colorectal cancer xenograft mouse models, devimistat showed antitumor activity and synergized with IT, resulting in prolonged survival and enhanced therapeutic efficacy. In human tumor xenografts, devimistat prevented IT-triggered p53 stabilization and caused synergistic Bim induction. Taken together, our study revealed devimistat as a promising candidate in colorectal cancer therapy by synergizing with established antineoplastic drugs in vitro and in vivo.
A Randomized Double-blind Placebo-controlled Trial of Oral Aspirin for Protection of Melanocytic Nevi Against UV-induced DNA Damage
Authors: Okwundu Nwanneka , Rahman Hafeez , Liu Tong , Florell Scott R. , Boucher Kenneth M. , Grossman Douglas
Published: November 2021

DNA damage plays a role in ultraviolet (UV)-induced melanoma. We previously showed that aspirin (ASA) can suppress prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and protect melanocytes from UV-induced DNA damage in mice, and suggested that taking ASA before acute sun exposure may reduce melanoma risk. We conducted a prospective randomized placebo-controlled trial to determine if orally administered ASA could suppress PGE2 in plasma and nevi and protect nevi from UV-induced DNA damage. After obtaining plasma and determining the minimal erythemal dose (MED) in 95 subjects at increased risk for melanoma, they were randomized to receive a daily dose of placebo, 81 mg ASA, or 325 mg ASA, in double-blind fashion for one month. After this intervention, one nevus was irradiated (dose = 1 or 2 MED) using a solar simulator. One day later, MED was re-determined, a second plasma sample was obtained, and the UV-irradiated nevus and an unirradiated nevus were removed. ASA metabolites were detected in the second plasma sample in subjects in the ASA arms. There were no significant differences in the pre- and post-intervention MED between those patients receiving ASA and placebo. Significantly reduced PGE2 levels were detected in plasma (second vs. first samples) and in nevi (both unirradiated and UV-treated) in subjects receiving ASA compared to placebo. Comparing UV-treated nevi from the ASA and placebo cohorts, however, did not reveal significant reductions in CD3-cell infiltration or 8-oxoguanine and cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Thus ASA did not effectively protect nevi from solar-simulated UV-induced inflammation and DNA damage under the conditions examined.

Prevention Relevance:

Despite promising rationale, ASA at conventional dosing was not able to protect nevi against UV-induced DNA damage under the conditions examined.

See related Spotlight, p. 71.
The Impact of a Mediterranean Diet on the Gut Microbiome in Healthy Human Subjects: A Pilot Study
Authors: Rejeski Jared J. , Wilson Farra M. , Nagpal Ravinder , Yadav Hariom , Weinberg Richard B.
Published: November 2021

Background and Aims: Despite the reported salutary benefits of a Mediterranean diet (MD) on a wide variety of health conditions, the specific microbial changes associated with an MD within the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are not well studied. Specifically, although population and survey-based studies have shown microbial changes, there are no published data on how an MD alters the gut flora in a controlled setting. Methods: We recruited 10 healthy subjects, each of whom gave a stool sample at baseline and then was provided with prepared meals of a “typical” American diet; after 2 weeks, a second stool sample was collected. All subjects were then provided with prepared meals based on the MD for another 2 weeks, followed by a final stool sample collection. Stool samples were batch analyzed with DNA extraction, and sequencing libraries were generated. Measures of bacterial diversity, species richness, and enterotypes were performed. Results: All ten subjects tolerated the diets well. Bacterial diversity increased with an MD, as measured by alpha diversity via the Simpson index. Furthermore, there were significant differences in 5 bacterial genera between the 2 diets. Conclusion: This small pilot study of controlled diets demonstrates that the MD can rapidly alter the gut microbiome in healthy subjects at the level of global microbial diversity and individual genera. These data confirm the findings of previous observational studies and establish the feasibility of conducting longer term studies on the impact of the MD on the flora of the GI tract and its relationship to digestive diseases.
Differential Expression of miR-381-3p in Alzheimer’s Disease Patients and Its Role in Beta-Amyloid-Induced Neurotoxicity and Inflammation
Authors: Zhang Meng , Liu Yonglei , Teng Pingping , Yang Qing
Published: November 2021

Introduction: This study aimed to explore the diagnostic value and effect of miR-381-3p on Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: RT-qPCR was used for the measurement of miR-381-3p levels. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the correlation analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was constructed to assess the distinct ability of miR-381-3p for AD. SH-SY5Y cells were treated with Aβ25-35 to establish an AD cell model. The role of miR-381-3p on cell proliferation and apoptosis was detected. ELISA was applied to detect the protein levels of inﬂammatory cytokine expression. The target relationship of miR-381-3p with PTGS2 was verified by luciferase reporter gene assay. Results: Low expression of miR-381-3p was detected in the serum of AD patients and cell models. There was a negative association of serum miR-381-3p with the serum inflammatory cytokines. The ROC curve demonstrated the distinct ability of serum miR-381-3p for AD, with the AUC value of 0.898, with a sensitivity of 87.5%, and a specificity of 77.7%. Overexpression of miR-381-3p reversed the influence of Aβ25-35 on cell proliferation and apoptosis, but miR-381-3p downregulation exacerbated the influence. miR-381-3p overexpression inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α induced by Aβ25-35 treatment, whereas miR-381-3p downregulation further promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines. PTGS2 was the target gene of miR-381-3p and was upregulated in AD cell models. Conclusion: miR-381-3p is less expressed in the serum of AD patients and has potential diagnostic values for AD. Overexpression of miR-381-3p may attenuate Aβ25-35-induced neurotoxicity and inflammatory responses via targeting PTGS2 in SH-SY5Y cells.
Developing Emotional Skills and the Therapeutic Alliance in Clients with Alexithymia: Intervention Guidelines
Authors: Nunes da Silva Ana
Published: November 2021

Despite being a longstanding and well-established concept, alexithymia is unfamiliar for many clinicians. This article aimed to address the alexithymia concept from a clinical perspective based on a review of the research on alexithymia intervention. Several strategies are proposed to help clinicians better work with alexithymic clients in psychotherapy. Alexithymia assessment, its impact on the therapeutic alliance, and the difficulties in emotional tasks are highlighted points. Considering alexithymia will inform clinicians’ current diagnosis and conceptualization and provide specific targets and venues for intervention, increasing the effectiveness of psychotherapy.
Impact of Adjuvant Ocular Interventions on the Quality of Life of Patients with Uveal Melanoma after Proton Beam Therapy
Authors: Gollrad Johannes , Rabsahl Christopher , Joussen Antonia M. , Stroux Andrea , Budach Volker , Böhmer Dirk , Böker Alexander
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Proton beam therapy is an established primary treatment for patients with nonmetastasized uveal melanoma. Adjuvant local interventions, like intravitreal injections or surgery, were shown to improve long-term eye preservation; however, their impact on the patient’s quality of life (QOL) remains unknown. Methods: In a post-radiotherapeutic follow-up, we prospectively collected data on QOL, visual acuity, and interventional adjuvant procedures. QOL was measured with QOL-C30 questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire OPT30 at baseline, and at 3 and 12 months after proton therapy. Patients were grouped by the type of adjuvant treatment. The impact on QOL was analyzed by comparing changes in the mean score values and visual acuity for different interventional subgroups, with generalized linear mixed models and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results: We received 108 (100%) and 95 (88.0%) questionnaires at 3 and 12 months post-therapy, respectively. Adjuvant interventions included observation (n = 61, 56.5%), intravitreal injections (n = 17, 15.7%), and an intraocular surgical procedure (n = 30, 27.8%). In the latter group, several QOL items significantly declined after the 3-month adjuvant interval, but they partially recovered at the 12-month follow-up. In all adjuvant-intervention groups, global QOL scores returned to baseline levels at 12 months. Conclusion: Posttreatment adjuvant interventions had no long-lasting effects on QOL in patients with uveal melanoma.
The Portable Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbons (HC) Gas Detection System in The Car Cabin Uses The MQ-9 and TGS 2610 Sensors
Authors: Nari Mochamad Irwan , Laksono Januar Ajie , Hidayat Bachrul Ulum , Udin Ahmad Robiul Awal
Published: November 2021

The increase in the number of vehicles especially cars causes the air environment to look polluted. This is caused by vehicle exhaust gases that can affect the level of human health. Harmful gases such as carbon dioxide (CO) and hydrocarbon (HC) can also enter the car cabin, making people inside feel suffocated and even death. To find out the presence of these gases, a monitoring system prototype is made which is placed in the car cabin. This system consists of input in the form of an MQ-9 sensor and a TGS2610 sensor. The readings of these sensors are processed by Arduino Uno. The system output is made in the form of a buzzer and LCD. Tests carried out on the car cabin area are divided into three, namely front, middle, and rear. The results of the 6 tests show that the smallest percentage of CO errors is 8% in the middle area and HC of 8.7% in the rear area of the car cabin.
Mobile Ordering Application for a Generic Fast Food Restaurant
Authors: Buenaventura Ricachelle U. , Ignacio Aris E. , Laspoña Julian Antonio S.
Published: November 2021

In a restaurant, a customer waiting to be serviced is a phenomenon. Restaurant owners often overlook this matter which sometimes causes the customers to go to a competitor. There are some important factors to be considered a good restaurant such as taste, ambiance, and service. An establishment will attract a substantial number of customers when these factors are managed carefully. Fast service is one of the most important factors in fast food restaurants to avoid losing customers because of considerable delay on the line. During mealtime, customers rush to fast food restaurants to have a quick meal. This research aimed to develop a mobile ordering application for a fast-food restaurant that offers a series of functionalities wherein a customer can order food using this platform. The system was developed using the Agile Methodology in assuring its proper implementation. A survey was performed to establish the acceptability of the mobile application. Five small fast food and restaurant owners were invited to test and answer the survey and another set of fifty prospective customers undergone the same set. As a result, the expected acceptability rating was attained from the survey conducted. Improvements of the system were recommended that were not implemented in the current version due to time constraints and the non-applicability to the current study
Cases of Pedagogical Discontentment of Secondary English Teachers
Authors: Balmeo Bryan Jester S.
Published: November 2021

This research aimed to analyze secondary English teachers' pedagogical discontent and identify factors relating to this construct. Further, this study established the teachers’ affective response to his evaluation of the effectiveness of his existing teaching practices and goals. This study utilized descriptive research with a qualitative approach using the multiple-case study design. The researcher distributed a pedagogical discontentment checklist to identify the English teachers with ‘high’ or ‘very high’ pedagogical discontentment, wherein eight (8) participants were identified. They belong to the eight (8) secondary schools in one of the districts in the Schools Division of Zambales. The eight (8) participants were subjected to individual interviews and focus group discussions. It was found out that most of the participants were female, middle adult, holding Teacher I position; Seven (7) participants have high pedagogical discontentment whereas only one (1) participant has very high discontentment; Teachers are recommended to undergo training workshops on pedagogy. Conducting regular focus group discussions on improving the weak areas are noted; An investigation on the frustrations, attitudes and beliefs, interventions, classroom practices, and aspirations of the English teachers should be conducted considering their contexts. Professional learning communities are deemed necessary.
A Comparative Study to Understand the Efficiency of two Behavioral Change Communication Models Against Plastic Use
Authors: Khan Aditi , Tripathy Saswatik
Published: November 2021

The word pollution when comes to the mind feels dirty but people never think about how the surroundings are being polluted. If people want to get a clear environment, the behavioral change should be the first stepping stone. It is known to all that plastic is a non-biodegradable material but when talks about easily accessible material, mass production of plastic has been continued. Though different steps have been taken to ban the use of this harmful material every time failure has been observed. In this situation, behavioral change communication may help to solve this problem. Keeping all in the mind this particular study was conducted by two researchers in a particular block called Egra which is situated in West Bengal, India to understand the efficiency of the two models. Two different models have been applied viz. M1 and M2 and both work through a total of 6 stages. A total of 50 samples were taken and it was divided into two groups 25 each through the lottery method and applied the respective models. Through the study it has been observed that at the beginning periods success of the M1 model was good when 88% of people of M1 reach the contemplation period, another side only 52 percent of people reach the contemplation period of the M2 model. But slowly with time M2 also started to gear up and at the last, it achieves the same achievement as M1. This data proves that the M2 model is slow but steady. In the last stage, it was found that for M1 number of people in the contemplation period has increased to 60 percent people in the action and maintenance also decreased to 28 and 4 percent. Where in the case of M2 the people who are in action are 20 percent, 60 percent in the maintenance stage, and 20 percent population is terminated from this habit. In this stage, it is clear that the M2 has quite well retention power than the M1. Above all, it can be said that even M2 is slow though it is a better model than M1. Because at the end of the day it brings more numbers of terminated people. Later in the future by amalgamating these two models small weaknesses can be resolved, but for that, another detailed study has to be done.
Political Attributes of Millennials in a State University in Zambales, Philippines
Authors: Ebro Eric DS.
Published: November 2021

The study revisited the political culture of millennials, promising citizens, and leaders of the country. It described and explored the perceptions and outlooks of millennials towards knowledge, involvement, and values as attributes of political culture.  The study was a descriptive survey and correlational design.  The study revealed that most millennials depend on TV and social media as sources of political information and consider integrity, honesty, intelligence, and experience to vote for a candidate in an election. Meanwhile, there is a significant difference among the three political attributes as shown in the computed F-value of 56.94; millennials have the highest level of attributes in political values compared with political knowledge and involvement. Interestingly, the result indicates no significant difference between the male and female levels of political attributes. On the other hand, the computed F-value of 3.05 showed an apparent significant difference in political attributes of millennials when grouped according to religion. Generally, millennials have a high level of political attributes; this indicated that despite that millennials were in the midst of the fast-changing world brought by media and technology, they stay active citizens as seen in their political values that remain highly intact.
Causes and Measures of Conflicts among Gang Inmates in Dipolog and Dapitan City Jails
Authors: Monceda Hamilcar S. , Pallega Rowell , Macaranas Zoilo J.
Published: November 2021

Current jail management models strictly prohibit inmates from assisting with jail administration or governance. This is feasible in developed countries where governments can provide adequate resources, security, and personnel. It is not, however, realistic in developing countries like the Philippines, which is characterized by poverty, corruption, and under resourcing of correctional facilities. In such circumstances, inmate leaders tend to share governance with jail administrators. Gang leaders help in maintaining peace and order in jail. This paper explored the causes of conflicts among gang members in Dipolog and Dapitan City jails and identified preventive measures to eliminate threats caused by the conflicts. There were two groups of respondents who were considered in the study. The first group are the gang inmates composed of 188 who answered the survey instrument intended to determine reasons of joining gang and the different causes of conflicts. The second group was the jail personnel who answered the survey instrument on the measures to prevent the conflicts. study revealed that conflicts usually occur during the start and playoff time of National Basketball Association (NBA) and Philippine Basketball Association (PBA) because it is this time that gambling is usually occurred. Conflicts were mainly caused by unpaid debts, theft and overcrowding. Admonition and forfeiture of good conduct time, close confinement and reduction of visiting hours were among the most common measures to discourage conflict. It is recommended to prohibit gambling of any sort. Conduct more physical activities to make the inmates busy.
Philippine National Police Initiatives in the Promotion of Peace and Order in Iligan City: Basis for Policy Recommendation
Authors: Galabin Noel D. , Pallega Rowell B. , Recapente Marvin A.
Published: November 2021

This study aimed to determine the extent of the Philippine National Police Operation initiatives in the promotion of peace and order in Iligan City as a basis for policy recommendation. This study made use of a non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing the descriptive correlational technique, frequency count, percentage, mean and standard deviation, paired t-test, and Pearson-r correlations. The respondents exhibited a high level of response that the Philippine National Police always performed the police operational procedure initiatives in the promotion of peace and order. The finding showed that overall, there was a significant relationship between the frequency of implementation of police operations and the crime rate in terms of Index and non-index crime. Further studies are warranted.
Disaster Risk Governance in Coastal Community for A Better Normal: The Philippine Experience
Authors: Valenzuela Victoria P.
Published: November 2021

This study aims to: assess how local community stakeholders perceive disaster risk governance; determine the level of appreciation toward nature and environmental protection; train the local community stakeholders in climate change adaptation, disaster resilience and mitigation toward a cleaner, more productive, and better future through innovation and; identify the multi-stakeholders’ cooperation and their level of support to achieve sustainable lifestyles in coastal communities. Participatory action research was conducted in Malolos, Bulacan, Philippines with 155 respondents, while secondary data was reflected in this study. Survey instruments were patterned from Kaizer and Hartig (2011). The study views that nature and environmental protection as divergent manners turned out to be statistically associated. Gardening of various vegetables was introduced to women-residents to encourage them in engaging in nature and environment protection. The training on climate risk reduction, adaptation, and mitigation for barangay officials was conducted to protect coastal areas, preserving, and bringing back the beauty of nature was the contributory factor for multi-stakeholders’ cooperation for a better normal. The success of partnership among university, government, and barangay was manifested to community-based action research which can be seen as a paradigm of achieving sustainable lifestyles in responsive community engagement.
Unraveling Deterioration in the Quality of Philippine Education
Authors: Gumarang Jr. Bernardo K. , Gumarang Brigitte K.
Published: November 2021

Education has a great role on the growth and development of economy. It builds the young generation to become competent and future leaders of a country. It is observed by the Filipino people that there are problems in the Philippine education. This paper identified and discussed the problems occurred in the education system of the Philippines. A Literature review process was utilized by the researchers. The researchers also identified solutions on the problems being identified using the findings of the different studies. The result showed three major problems in the Philippine education system such as overcrowded students in a classroom, teacher are teaching subjects that is not their expertise, and poor quality in instruction. It is recommended that the Philippine Education must review their policies in hiring educators and address the needs of its stakeholders. These findings can be used as basis in creating policies to ensure quality in education.
Coronavirus Pandemic: Situation in Nigeria
Authors: Abulude Francis Olawale , Akinnusotu Akinyinka , Oluwagbayide Samuel Dare , Damodharan Usha , Abulude Ifeoluwa Ayodeji
Published: November 2021

COVID - 19 is an issue ravaging the whole world. Numerous deaths have been recorded particularly elderly individuals and the most vulnerable. In Nigeria, the case isn't extraordinary. The aim of the study was to quantify the number of cases reported in Nigeria. To this effect, the global literature cited in the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control (NCDC) website, the WHO COVID-19 database, other expert-referred scientific articles, and bibliographic databases were used. The results show that as at the sixteenth of May 2020, 288 new affirmed cases and 3 deaths were recorded in Nigeria. Till date, 5445 cases have been affirmed, 778 cases have been released and 171 deaths have been recorded in 34 states and the Federal Capital Territory, While Lagos State is for the most part influenced with 36 deaths in comparison with the cases revealed by the World Health Organization (4,425,485 cases affirmed, 89,269 new cases and 302,059 deaths). The death rate in Nigeria is about 0.05% of the global deaths. The explanation could be because of high temperature (> 30 oC), the intake of garlic, ginger, honey, and heated water by the individuals, and to stop the spread, the Nigerian government has implemented the utilization of nose cover, social distancing, and semi-lockdown of the towns and urban communities. Like HIV and Laser fever this pandemic will be an issue of the past when the adequate vaccine is made available.
Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the peel essential oils extracted from citrus fruits
Authors: Al-Deen Rudwan Badr , Aloklah Bassam , Al-Amir Lina
Published: November 2021

Citrus peel is an important source of essential oils (EOs). However, these EOs are not invested, although the annual production of citrus is high in Syria. The current study aimed to investigate chemical composition and antibacterial activity of some citrus peel EOs, namely: lemon (Citrus limon), orange (C. sinensis), grapefruit (C. paradisi), mandarin (C. reticulata) and bitter orange (C. aurantium). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC/MS) (gas chromatograph type: Agilent 7890A, auto sampler type: Agilent 7683B coupled to mass spectrometer, type Agilent 5975C, using DB–1 capillary column. EOs. concentration 1: 10 v/v in chloroform, injection volume 1 µl, split ratio 1: 80), was used to identify the chemical composition of the EOs, which were extracted by hydrodistillation technique, and chemical composition was expressed as Mean ± SD of three replications using SPSS V17 software. Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) was used to determine the antibacterial activity against five Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, B. licheniformis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, S. lugdunensis, Enterococcus faecalis) and five Gram negative bacteria (Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter koseri, Serratia liquefaciens, Pseudomonas fluorescens and P. luteola). Limonene formed the vast majority of EOs (between 62.16 and 95.26% in lemon and orange EOs, respectively), but there were other active components, such as α–Pinene and β–Pinene. Lemon EO was the most effective one, with MBC values ranged between 4 μl.ml–1 (against Bacillus cereus) and 50 μl.ml–1 (against Serratia liquefaciens). Pseudomonas luteola (a Gram-negative bacterium) was the most sensitive species to citrus EOs (MBC values ranged between 4 and 50 μl.ml–1 for lemon and orange EOs, respectively); while S. liquefaciens (a Gram-negative bacterium) was the most resistant bacterium (MBC values were 50 and 150 μl.ml–1 for lemon and mandarin EOs, respectively) among all species studied in the current research.
Chitosan for suppression of fusarium wilt and plant growth promotion of brinjal
Authors: Chaterjee S. , Jannat Rayhanur , Hossain M. M. , Amin M. R. , Rubayet M. T.
Published: November 2021

Chitosan is a biodegradable natural compound that has a great potentiality in agriculture for controlling plant diseases. An attempt was made to control Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melongenae under inoculated field condition and increase the growth and yield of brinjal by chitosan. Before setting the experiments in the field, preliminary laboratory experiments were carried out to select virulent isolate and effective dose of chitosan against the mycelial growth of the selected pathogen. F. oxysporum f. sp. melongenae isolate F-1 was found to be the most virulent on brinjal in pathogenicity test. Chitosan @ 1.0% concentration was appeared to be the highest inhibitory to the test pathogen at in vitro condition. Additionally, seed treatment with 1.0% chitosan for 12 hrs resulted in the highest increased in germination and seedling growth of brinjal. The field experiment was conducted following Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four treatments. No treatment was given in T1, the pathogen was inoculated in T2 and seed treatment and soil amendment with 1.0% chitosan was done in T3 and T4, respectively, in test pathogen inoculated condition. Application of 1.0% chitosan as a seed treatment (T3) or soil amendment (T4) significantly reduced pre- and post-emergence seedling mortality, incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt as well as enhanced germination percentage, plant growth and yield of brinjal. On the contrary, pre-emergence and post-emergence seedling mortality, disease incidence and severity of Fusarium wilt were highest in treatment T2 where the soil was inoculated with pathogen without chitosan. Therefore, chitosan could be used against this vascular disease as an alternative to inorganic fungicides and augment yield.
Internet dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Pengangguran di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2019
Authors: Yunita Anna Kristiana
Published: November 2021

The internet has two effects, whether it supports or will it reduce productivity which will have an impact on the unemployment rate. This study aims to examine the effect of the internet on the unemployment rate in Indonesia in 2015-2019. Panel data analysis with the Feasible generalized least square (FGLS) method using STATA software was used to solve the problem of not fulfilling the assumptions of normality and heteroscedasticity in this study. Based on the results of data processing, the proportion of internet users shows a positive and statistically significant sign. The coefficient value of the proportion of internet users is 0.4898; which means that an increase in the proportion of internet users by 1 percent will cause the open unemployment rate to increase by 0.4898 percent, assuming the other variables are fixed. It can be concluded that the higher the proportion of internet users in an area, the higher the area's open unemployment rate. This is because the use of the internet in Indonesia is still not fully used to increase the productivity of the population such as looking for jobs or improving skills through training so that the internet actually causes the unemployment rate to increase.
Endothelial Yin Yang 1 Phosphorylation at S118 Induces Atherosclerosis Under Flow
Authors: Wei Shu-Yi , Shih Yu-Tsung , Wu Hsin-Yi , Wang Wei-Li , Lee Pei-Ling , Lee Chih-I , Lin Chia-Yu , Chen Yu-Ju , Chien Shu , Chiu Jeng-Jiann
Published: November 2021

Rationale:

Disturbed flow occurring in arterial branches and curvatures induces vascular endothelial cell (EC) dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We postulated that disturbed flow plays important role in modulating phosphoprotein expression profiles to regulate endothelial functions and atherogenesis.

Objective:

The goal of this study is to discover novel site-specific phosphorylation alterations induced by disturbed flow in ECs to contribute to atherosclerosis.

Methods and Results:

Quantitative phosphoproteomics analysis of ECs exposed to disturbed flow with low and oscillatory shear stress (0.5±4 dynes/cm
2
) versus pulsatile shear stress (12±4 dynes/cm
2
) revealed that oscillatory shear stress induces phospho-YY1
S118
(serine [S]118 phosphorylation of Yin Yang 1) in ECs. Elevated phospho-YY1
S118
level in ECs was further confirmed to be present in the disturbed flow regions in experimental animals and human atherosclerotic arteries. This disturbed flow-induced EC phospho-YY1
S118
is mediated by CK2α (casein kinase 2α) through its direct interaction with YY1. Yeast 2-hybrid library screening and in situ proximity ligation assays demonstrate that phospho-YY1
S118
directly binds ZKSCAN4 (zinc finger with KRAB [krüppel-associated box] and SCAN [SRE-ZBP, CTfin51, AW-1 and Number 18 cDNA] domains 4) to induce promoter activity and gene expression of HDM2 (human double minute 2), which consequently induces EC proliferation through downregulation of p53 and p21
CIP1
. Administration of apoE-deficient (

ApoE
−/−

) mice with CK2-specific inhibitor tetrabromocinnamic acid or atorvastatin inhibits atherosclerosis formation through downregulations of EC phospho-YY1
S118
and HDM2. Generation of novel transgenic mice bearing EC-specific overexpression of S118-nonphosphorylatable mutant of YY1 in

ApoE
−/−

mice confirms the critical role of phospho-YY1
S118
in promoting atherosclerosis through EC HDM2.

Conclusions:

Our findings provide new insights into the mechanisms by which disturbed flow induces endothelial phospho-YY1
S118
to promote atherosclerosis, thus indicating phospho-YY1
S118
as a potential molecular target for atherosclerosis treatment.
Serial Assessment of High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin and the Effect of Dapagliflozin in Patients With Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction: An Analysis of the DAPA-HF Trial
Authors: Berg David D. , Docherty Kieran F. , Sattar Naveed , Jarolim Petr , Welsh Paul , Jhund Pardeep S. , Anand Inder S. , Chopra Vijay , de Boer Rudolf A. , Kosiborod Mikhail N. , Nicolau Jose C. , O’Meara Eileen , Schou Morten , Hammarstedt Ann , Langkilde Anna-Maria , Lindholm Daniel , Sjöstrand Mikaela , McMurray John J.V. , Sabatine Marc S. , Morrow David A.
Published: November 2021

Background:

Circulating high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hsTnT) predominantly reflects myocardial injury, and higher levels are associated with a higher risk of worsening heart failure and death in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. Less is known about the prognostic significance of changes in hsTnT over time, the effects of dapagliflozin on clinical outcomes in relation to baseline hsTnT levels, and the effect of dapagliflozin on hsTnT levels.

Methods:

DAPA-HF (Dapagliflozin and Prevention of Adverse Outcomes in Heart Failure) was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of dapagliflozin (10 mg daily) in patients with New York Heart Association class II to IV symptoms and left ventricular ejection fraction ≤40% (median follow-up, 18.2 months). hsTnT (Roche Diagnostics) was measured at baseline in 3112 patients and at 1 year in 2506 patients. The primary end point was adjudicated worsening heart failure or cardiovascular death. Clinical end points were analyzed according to baseline hsTnT and change in hsTnT from baseline to 1 year. Comparative treatment effects on clinical end points with dapagliflozin versus placebo were assessed by baseline hsTnT. The effect of dapagliflozin on hsTnT was explored.

Results:

Median baseline hsTnT concentration was 20.0 (25th–75th percentile, 13.7–30.2) ng/L.

Over 1 year, 67.9% of patients had a ≥10% relative increase or decrease in hsTnT concentrations, and 43.5% had a ≥20% relative change. A stepwise gradient of higher risk for the primary end point was observed across increasing quartiles of baseline hsTnT concentration (adjusted hazard ratio Q4 versus Q1, 3.44 [95% CI, 2.46–4.82]). Relative and absolute increases in hsTnT over 1 year were associated with higher subsequent risk of the primary end point. The relative reduction in the primary end point with dapagliflozin was consistent across quartiles of baseline hsTnT (
P
-interaction=0.55), but patients in the top quartile tended to have the greatest absolute risk reduction (absolute risk difference, 7.5% [95% CI, 1.0%–14.0%]). Dapagliflozin tended to attenuate the increase in hsTnT over time compared with placebo (relative least squares mean reduction, –3% [–6% to 0%];
P
=0.076).

Conclusions:

Higher baseline hsTnT and greater increase in hsTnT over 1 year are associated with worse clinical outcomes. Dapagliflozin consistently reduced the risk of the primary end point, irrespective of baseline hsTnT levels.

Registration:

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT03036124.
The data set knowledge graph: Creating a linked open data source for data sets
Authors: Färber Michael , Lamprecht David
Published: November 2021

Several scholarly knowledge graphs have been proposed to model and analyze the academic landscape. However, although the number of data sets has increased remarkably in recent years, these knowledge graphs do not primarily focus on data sets but rather on associated entities such as publications. Moreover, publicly available data set knowledge graphs do not systematically contain links to the publications in which the data sets are mentioned. In this paper, we present an approach for constructing an RDF knowledge graph that fulfills these mentioned criteria. Our data set knowledge graph, DSKG, is publicly available at http://dskg.org and contains metadata of data sets for all scientific disciplines. To ensure high data quality of the DSKG, we first identify suitable raw data set collections for creating the DSKG. We then establish links between the data sets and publications modeled in the Microsoft Academic Knowledge Graph that mention these data sets. As the author names of data sets can be ambiguous, we develop and evaluate a method for author name disambiguation and enrich the knowledge graph with links to ORCID. Overall, our knowledge graph contains more than 2,000 data sets with associated properties, as well as 814,000 links to 635,000 scientific publications. It can be used for a variety of scenarios, facilitating advanced data set search systems and new ways of measuring and awarding the provisioning of data sets.