bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy – Antiarrhythmic Therapy
Authors: Ermakov Simon , Scheinman Melvin ,   Stanford University Hospital and Clinics, California, US,   University of California, San Francisco, US
Published: September 2015

Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy is an inherited disorder characterised by progressive replacement of ventricular myocardium by fibrofatty tissue that predisposes patients to ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure and sudden death. Treatment focuses on slowing disease progression, decreasing the burden of arrhythmias and preventing sudden cardiac death through placement of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs), catheter ablation and the use of antiarrhythmic medication. Although only ICDs have been demonstrated to affect patient mortality, antiarrhythmic medications are important adjuncts in reducing patient morbidity and inappropriate ICD therapy. Of the individual antiarrhythmic agents available, sotalol, beta-blockers and amiodarone appear to be most effective in arrhythmia suppression. Calcium-channel blockers may be effective in selected patients. For patients who are refractory to single agent therapy, combination therapy may be considered with the most effective combinations being sotalol + flecainide and amiodarone + beta-blockers.
Monitoring the Effects and Antidotes of the Non-vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants
Authors: Rahmat Nur A , H Lip Gregory Y ,   University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK,   University of Birmingham Centre for Cardiovascular Sciences, City Hospital, Birmingham, UK,   Aalborg Thrombosis Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Published: September 2015

In the last decade, we have witnessed the emergence of the oral non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs), which have numerous advantages compared with the vitamin K antagonists, particularly their lack of need for monitoring; as a result their use is increasing. Nonetheless, the NOACs face two major challenges: the need for reliable laboratory assays to assess their anticoagulation effect, and the lack of approved antidotes to reverse their action. This article provides an overview of monitoring the anticoagulant effect of NOACs and their potential specific antidotes in development.
Efficacy and safety comparison of Xalatamax and Xalatan at their use as open-angle glaucoma monotherapy
Authors: Alekseev Vladimir Nikolaevich , Levko Mikhail Alexandrovich , Kalakkhiri Mokhamed
Published: September 2015

Objective: comparative evaluation of the hypotensive effect and tolerability of two latanoprost 0.005% preparations —Xalatamax of “Jadran” production and Xalatan of “Pfizer International” production at their use as open-angle glaucoma monotherapy. Materials and methods: in the study, 50 patients took part, divided into two groups depending on medication used. Follow-up period was 12 weeks. During this time, patients were examined monthly. IOP was measured, main ophthalmological and general indices were investigated, biomicroscopy and ophthalmoscopy were carried out. Patients’ compliance was constantly monitored, adverse events occurrence, drug instillation compliance, changes in patient’s state self-assessment were under hold. Study results: the level of generally accepted target pressure was practically preserved during the whole study term in both groups. Visual acuity, perimetric indices and eye fundus did not experience statistically significant changes. All patients showed almost equal compliance to treatment. At the start of the study, there were slightly more complaints to the quality of life in the group, that began Xalatamax treatment. Later on, there was a quality of life increase in both groups. In the Xalatamax group, this increase was most significant and constant. Conclusions: side effects by two types of latanoprost treatment did not significantly influence the patients’ quality of life and their attitude to treatment. The IOP-lowering efficacy of both medications to be compared turned out to be almost equal. When using Xalatamax, there was no statistically significant difference in the severity of side effects, general tolerability, and functional indices, in comparison with Xalatan.
The new advantages and perspectives of Latanoprost (Xalatan, Pfizer, USA) treatment in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma
Authors: Kurysheva Nataliya Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

The purpose of this study was to compare Latanoprost and Timolol therapeutic activity in pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (PEG). Forty patients with moderate PEG aged from 62 до 78 were enrolled. The one year treatment included the instillation of one drop of Latanoprost 0.005 % once a day (20 patients) and Timololmaleat 0.5 % twice a day (20 patients). The IOP reduction rate in six months was 22 % and 17 % respectively for Latanoprost and Timolol and in twelve months — 17 % and 13 % respectively. The improvement of visual fields and morphometric parameters in Latanoprost group was observed in twelve months: the changes of perimetric indexes from –5.8 ± 0.23 dB to –4.6±1.18 dB (MD) and from 7.3 ± 0.19 dB to 3.8 ± 0.14 dB (PSD); the cup volume of optic nerve head was reduced significantly: from 0.31 ± 0.13 мм3 to 0.21 ± 0.15 мм3. In contrast to this in Timolol group the parameters have become worse: for rim volume this change was: from 0.25 ± 0.14 мм3 до 0.19 ± 0.08 мм3 and for perimetric indexMD: from 5.30.13 dB to 7.8 ± 0.35 dB. We concluded that Latanoprostmay be recommended as the first choice therapy in PEG.
A posterior uveitis of sarcoid etiology
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Shakhnazarova Aida Abdulaevna , Morozova Natalia Vladimirovna , Sokolov Vitaly Olegovich
Published: September 2015

In the article, a clinical case of posterior uveitis with peripheral choroiditis of sarcoid etiology is described, where the ophthalmic lesion turned up to be the first sarcoidosis manifestation. A posterior uveitis with its choroidal granulomas in comparison with an anterior uveitis is less frequent but more spectacular for the diagnosis of this disease.
The anterior ischemic optic neuropathy treatment using the dispersed “Alloplant”
Authors: Galimova Venera Uzbekovna , Verzakova Irina Viktorovna , Gareyev Yevgeniy Musinovich , Karimova Zarina Khikhmetullovna
Published: September 2015

In this article, the results of a study are presented on the influence of the therapeutic retroscleral filling by dispersed “Alloplant” biomaterial upon blood supply and visual functions of the eye. 47 patients (69 eyes) suffering from anterior ischemic optic neuropathy sequelae were examined. Obtained results allowed to study the degree of relationship between the following indices: resistance index of ocular vessels, visual acuity and electrophysiological data, visual field limits. The majority of cases with significant visual fields widening (79 %) correlated with post-operative decrease of resistance index in posterior short ciliary arteries (medial and lateral branches). The results of performed investigation allow to assume that the dispersed “Alloplant” biomaterial use in the treatment of patients with anterior ischemic optic neuropathy sequelae could promote the optic nerve blood supply improvement with further amelioration of visual function indices.
Peripapillary geographic choriopathy
Authors: Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

In the lecture, literature data and results of own studies are presented upon etiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnosis and treatment of the peripapillary geographic choriopathy a severe progressing disease of eye fundus structures, that may often lead to blindness. A peripapillary geographic choriopathy clinical classification is recommended. The possibility of diagnosis in 96% of cases basing on ophthalmologic picture is established. The efficacy of regular medical treatment (no less than 2 cures a year) is proven, if necessary in combination with photocoagulation and revascularization of the choroid.
The coloboma of the choroid simulating optic nerve duplication
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Butin Yevgeniy Vladimirovich , Morozova Nataliya Vladimirovna , Sokolov Vitaliy Olegovich , Florentseva Svetlana Sergeevna
Published: September 2015

In the article, a coloboma of the choroid is described simulating optic disc duplicaton as well as modern possibilities of instrumental work-up methods, which allowed to make a diagnosis. A coloboma (from the Greek koloboma, meaning defect) — is a defect of lid tissues, iris, choroid or optic nerve. A coloboma may be сongenital or acquired. A typical coloboma of the choroid is localized in the lower part of the eye fundus. At times, it comes down to the optic disc, and sometimes involves it as well. The white color of the defect is due to the show-through of the sclera, because the choroid here is completely absent. Corresponding to the coloboma of the choroid, the retina is hypoplastic or absent at times. An optic disc duplication — at this anomaly there are two optic discs on the eye fundus. Sometimes, both may be phtitical and hypoplastic, but more often one of them is hypoplastic, and the second one is performing its function. A true optic disc duplication comes out of the optic nerve partition into 2 or more fascicles. The duplicated optic nerve is pointed out by two optic foramens in one orbit by radiographic analysis, two blind spots in the visual field of one eye, simultaneous central retinal artery pulsation on both optic discs. Ultrasonic B-scanning or OCT and MRI may confirm the existence of a true optic nerve and optic disc duplication. A pseudo-duplication of the optic disc is also very rare and represents a well delineated defect, close to the normal optic disc and simulating an ancillary optic disc with an adjoining area of chorioretinal atrophy.
Comparative pathophysiological characteristic of intraocular immunological changes in open globe injury in the experiment at intravitreal and periocular administration of depot glucocorticoids
Authors: Boiko Ernest Vitalievich , Grabovetskiy Sergei Ivanovich , Churashov Sergei Viktorovich , Sazhin Timur Gennadievich , Kulikov Aleksey Nikolayevich , Sukhinin Mihail Vasilievich
Published: September 2015

One of the most severe types of eye trauma - open globe injury - is a serious medical and societal problem. Short-acting glucocorticosteroids (dexamethasone and others) were widely used in open globe injury treatment. Over the last several years ophthalmologists treating this problem have used depot corticosteroids (triamcinolone acetonide and others), which have a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect and do not require multiple injections. However, up to now, there is no consensus concerning the route of depot steroids administration to patients with open globe injuries. In the present study, in experiments on rabbits, a comparative assessment of the influence of intravitreal and periocular triamcinolone acetonide administration on intraocular immunologic reactions during acute period of open globe injury was evaluated.
Hematogenic ocular tuberculosis: pathohistomorphology, diagnosis
Authors: Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

The results of patho- and histopathology investigations by A.L. Prigoshina in ocular tuberculosis were analyzed, including 98 eyes of 67 patients who died from different forms of tuberculosis forms, and 82 eyes enucleated for poor clinical outcomes of ocular tuberculosis (n=82). Results of the ocular diagnosis of tuberculosis in clinical settings by several authors using different methods are also presented (more than 700 patients). Investigation results prove the probability of hematogenous ocular tuberculosis form separation in the classification. Ocular tuberculosis diagnosis by investigation of a surgical specimens is the most effective method, but is rarely used in clinical practice. Quantiferon test is one of the important but ancillary (probabilistic) criteria to diagnose ocular tuberculosis. We recommend a verification method according to indirect indicators with consideration of statistical significance and informative value of every criterion. This method is effective and could be used in any phtisioophthalmological unit.
The influence of macular hole surgical treatment on biochemical tear fluid and blood serum indices
Authors: Malyshev Aleksey Vladislavovich , Al-Rashid Z Zh
Published: September 2015

The present paper describes the changes of free radical oxidation (FRO) in patients with macular holes (MH) during vitrectomy. Material and methods. We examined 56 patients who underwent surgical treatment of MH. Results. We observed positive dynamics of FRO indices after surgery - a recovery of biochemical parameters in the late postop period. Among complications, a cataract development in patients who did not receive antioxidant therapy was observed. Conclusions. Vitrectomy improves visual function and FRO processes.
THE TEAR FLUID QUALITATIVE CHARACTERISTIZATION IN PATIENTS AFTER LACRIMAL GLAND EXCISION
Authors: Steshenko Olga Nikolayevna , Mitichkina Tatyana Sergeyevna
Published: September 2015

The impact of lacrimal gland excision on tear production and qualitative tear fluid composition in patients after excision of a pathologically changed lacrimal gland (tumors, chronic dacryoadenitis).
Tectonic keratoplasty using porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
Authors: Dzhanayeva Zalina Nikolayevna , Khripun Kirill Vladimirovich , Konenkova Yanina Stanislavovna , Nikolaenko Vadim Petrovich
Published: September 2015

The prevalence of corneal ulcer amounts to 47,3% of all inflammatory eye diseases. A corneal ulcer course may be complicated by perforation, and, as its result, by eyeball loss. In the article, the result of porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) use for tectonic keratoplasty is presented. The assessment result of cellular activity in the polymer body is shown using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Technical moments of implant fixation to the cornea are explained, in particular PTFE covering with native tissues and temporary blepharorraphy are crucial. The presented method may serve as a first step in carrying out further optic-reconstructive procedures, which allow to achieve a rehabilitation of this patient category.
A cross-impact degree and morpho-functional correlation characteristics between primary open-angle glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Avdeyev R. V. , Aleksandrov A. S. , Basinskiy A. S. , Blyum Ye. A. , Brezhnev A. Yu. , Volkov Ye. N. , Galimova A. B. , Gaponko O. V. , Garkavenko V. V. , Getmanova A. M. , Gorodnichiy V. V. , Gusarevich A. A. , Diordiychuk S. V. , Dorofeyev D. A. , Zavadskiy P. Ch. , Zvereva O. G. , Karimov U. R. , Kulik A. V. , Kuroyedov Alexander Vladimirivich , Lanin S. N. , Lovpache Dzh. N. , Loskutov Igor Anatolevich , Molchanova Ye. V. , Onufriychuk O. N. , Ogorodnikova V. Yu. , Petrov S. Yu. , Rozhko Yu. I. , Sidenko T. A.
Published: September 2015

A study of cross-impact degree and morpho-functional correlation characteristics of primary open angle glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration was performed at 25 clinical sites in Russia and some CIS countries from January through May 2013. The study final protocol included 87 patients (108 eyes) divided into two groups, mean age of patients was 66.6 ± 5.65 years (min 55; max 81). Intragroup and intergroup variance analysis did not establish any significant difference in the macular area between the «glaucoma» group and the «glaucoma + AMD» group depending on the disease stage. The findings suggest that macular degeneration develops subsequent to a preexisting glaucomatous state.
Choroidal thickness in normal subjects and in age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Belekhova Svetlana Georgiyevna , Dal Nikita Yuryevich
Published: September 2015

Results of choroidal thickness measurements in 75 healthy subjects of different age groups (123 eyes) are presented as well as those of 35 patients (45 eyes) with age-related macular degeneration. Examinations were performed with a Spectralis optical coherence tomograph using the regimen of Enhanced Depth Imaging (EDI-OCT). A negative dependence between choroidal thickness and age was found (r = -0.78, p 0.0001). Sub-foveal thickness of the choroid decreases on average by 2.99 µm for every life year. No significant differences in choroidal thickness of age-related macular degeneration patients and that of healthy people of the same age group were found.
Results of Lucentis use as a routine practice in wet age-related macular degeneration patients
Authors: Loskutov Igor Anatolevich
Published: September 2015

Ranibizumab treatment leads to rapid visual acuity improvement, which may be observed in as little as a week after the first injection, and may lead to quality of life improvement as estimated by VFQ-25 questionnaire. The retinal thickness progressively decreased in the course of treatment, what along with the lesion size reduction results in visual function improvement. The quality of life assessment using the VFQ-25 questionnaire revealed an improvement in all subscale positions during first months of monitoring, when visual acuity increase helps the patient perform routine daily activities. The longer Lucentis is needed and used, the trend is less optimistic, and patients acknowledge a quality of life decrease. Total VFQ-25 score has well-defined rises and descents, favoring treatment efficacy as well as the necessity of additional injections according to clinical need.
Third cranial nerve palsies
Authors: Estopinal Christopher , Lavin Patrick
Published: September 2015

Third nerve palsies can represent a wide variety of pathologic processes, ranging from benign to life threatening. Localization of the causative lesion directs subsequent laboratory testing and imaging studies. The lesion can often be localized based on associated signs and symptoms. The differential diagnosis for an isolated third nerve lesion varies based upon the patient’s age and the relative deficits of extraocular movements and pupillary function. It is imperative that at-risk patients be adequately evaluated for cerebral arterial aneurysm using CTA, MRA, or CCA.
A review of secondary surgical procedures for failed primary retinal detachment repair
Authors: Lukovskaya Nina Grigorivna , Sajgina Elizaveta Aleksandrovna , Dzhanayeva Zalina Nikolayevna
Published: September 2015

An analysis of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) surgical treatment after external stages of surgical treatment was performed. The main types of surgical treatments of RRD recurrences were reviewed. The principal surgical treatment for secondary repair is vitrectomy with retinal endophotocoagulation and silicone oil or gas-air mixture injection.
Ahmed valve encapsulation as a main cause of its implantation failures
Authors: Nikolayenko Vadim Petrovich , Konstantinova Larisa Mikhaylovna , Pavlova Olga Gennadyevna
Published: September 2015

Objective. To study the relationship of post-operative ocular hypertension with the encapsulation of Ahmed valve’s plate. Methods. The standard Ahmed valve implantation was performed in 238 patients aged 18-86 with multiple glaucoma surgeries (39 %), secondary neovascular (36 %), pseudophakic (23 %), juvenile (8 %), uveal (5 %) and post-traumatic (2 %) glaucomas. A routine ophthalmic examination was performed in 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 36 months after surgery. Results. Excision of the fibrous capsule as the only way to cope with post Ahmed valve ocular hypertension was performed on 16 patients 3-36 months after surgery. Macro- and microscopic analysis of the excised capsules was done. In all cases, preparations of 1.2-2.2 mm thickness were obtained. We found a bilaminar structure of the capsule, the inner surface consisting of densely-packed collagen fibers, whereas the outer layer is represented by a loose fi-brovascular layer. Suspension of encapsulation is possible at initial stages of scarring, by applying ocular massage, needling, revision of the surgical area, and injection of antimetabolites.
A foldable intraocular lens implantation into the ciliary body sulcus with scleral suturing in patients with inadequate capsular support
Authors: Tulina Vera Mikhaylovna , Abramova Irina Anatol’evna , Grigor’ev Igor’ Aleksandrovich , Kamilov Anvar Khudoyberdievich
Published: September 2015

There are different methods of IOL fixation in case of inadequate capsular support, one of them being IOL implantation into the ciliary body sulcus. Foldable aspheric Akreos IOLs produced by BauchLomb were implanted in 212 patients, who had had a dystrophic or traumatic crystalline lens subluxation of 3rd degree, luxation into the anterior chamber, post-traumatic aphakia and in those in whom a posterior capsule rupture occurred as a phacoemulsification complication. A method of IOL suturing in the ciliary body sulcus in the absence of capsular support for the foldable IOL implanted through a small incision was worked out. A visual acuity analysis revealed high functional results, in particular in cases of small incision implantations. Among postoperative complications, hemorrhagic ones were observed most often. It was shown that IOL Akre-os AO implantation into the ciliary body sulcus could be used in case of inadequate capsular support.
Comparative analysis of vitreofoveolar traction syndrome surgical treatment
Authors: Shkvorchenko Dmitriy Olegovich , Zakharov Valeriy Dmitriyevich , Rusanovskaya Anna Vladimirovna , Belousova Yelena Vladimirovna , Kakunina Svetlana Aleksandrovna , Mironova Tamara Sergeyevna , Pismenskaya Viktoriya Adilyevna , Norman Kirill Sergeyevich
Published: September 2015

This article focuses on the surgical treatment of the vitreomacular traction ( VMT) syndrome comparing vitrectomy with and without internal limiting membrane (ILM) removal. Patients were randomly divided into 2 groups. In the 1st group, the procedure was performed without the ILM removal. In the 2nd group, the surgery was performed with perifoveolar ILM removal. A comparative analysis revealed that an anatomical result was reached in both groups, but in the 1st group, the development of epiretinal fibrosis was observed in 35 % of the cases in the late postoperative period; and this was not observed in the 2nd group. Visual function recovery was faster in the 1st group, but at 1 year visit, data from both groups were comparable. Thus, the treatment method with surgical ILM removal is preferable, due to more stable anatomical result.
Current trends in the therapy of the ocular surface epithelial xerosis
Authors: Brzheskaya Irina Vyacheslavovna , Brjesky Vladimir Vsevolodovich , Radukhan Mukhammed
Published: September 2015

Depending on the cause of a “dry eye” the treatment of some patients continues to be a problem. While treatment is usually limited to tear replacement, other therapies may be needed based on the cause of the dry eye syndrome. In the article, the literature is summarized as to the agents used to treat the “dry eye syndrome” basssed on the etiology. and presence of accompanying xerosis complications In addition, the article describes additional treatment trends such as anti-inflammatories, immunosuppressives, and drops stimulating tear production. Attention is also paid to the lacrimal pathway occlusion methods in using punctual plugs and other surgical methods. The authors advocate for the wide use of the different treatment methods available to treat complex “dry eye” syndrome patients.
The use of Ozurdex intravitreal implant to treat post-RVO macular edema
Authors: Tultseva Svetlana Nikolaevna , Nechiporenko Pavel Andreevich , Titarenko Aleksandra Ivanovna
Published: September 2015

This reports on the efficacy and safety of Ozurdex intravitreal implant (1 up to 3 injections) in different types of retinal vein occlusion (RVO) was based on examination data of 26 patients, referred to the ophthalmology clinic of the First Pavlov Sate Medical University of St. Petersburg. Ophthalmic examination, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, fundus photography, and microperimetry were all routinely used to follow these patients. Intravitreal injections of Ozurdex in post-RVO macular edema resulted in a statistically significant visual acuity improvement and decrease in retinal thickness. No cases of lens opacity progression were observed. Ocular hypertension was transient and controlled by topical IOP-lowering therapy. In cases of ischemic central retinal vein occlusions, to prevent and treat neovascular complications it is necessary to resort to additional treatment methods.
Diagnostic perspectives and treatment efficacy in the Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Kuznetcova Tatyana Igorevna , Khripun Kirill Vladimirovich , Konenkova Yanina Stanislavovna , Belozerova Yekaterina Vyacheslavovna
Published: September 2015

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease should be part of the differential diagnosis of a bilateral granulomatous uveitis. VKH is more common in the Mongoloid race (most frequently in Japanese, American Indians), and people of Hispanic descent. In Europeans, it is rare; mostly in women aged 30-50 with dark skin and hair pigmentation. The prodromal stage of VKH disease is non-specific but may include headache, vomiting and general malaise. Indocyanine green angiography may be helpful in making the diagnosis. Presenting a clinical case, the authors discuss the methods for diagnosis and follow-up for patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease. Effective and timely treatment with high dose corticosteroids, if necessary in combination with immunosuppression, could save good visual functions.
The 155th anniversary of the birth of L.G. Bellarminov
Authors: Boyko Ernest Vitalievich , Kirillov Yury Alexeevich , Reituzov Vladimir Alexeevich
Published: September 2015

The article is dedicated to the 155th anniversary of the birth of the academician L.G. Bellarminov. In pre-revolutionary Russia he founded the biggest school of professors - ophthalmologists. On its initiative, “flying groups” to eliminate avoidable blindness were created. The authors consider his life, scientific and pedagogic activities.
Ahmed valve implantation: intraoperative and early postoperative complications
Authors: Nikolaenko Vadim Petrovich , Kontantinova Larisa Mikhaylovna , Pavlova Ol'ga Gennad'yevna
Published: September 2015

Purpose. To analyze the causes of intraoperative and early postoperative complications and to develop a plan to improve the surgical technique. Methods. An Ahmed valve implantation by a standard method with obligatory posterior sclerectomy was performed in 238 patients aged from 18 to 88 years. Results. There were 7 cases of corneal perforation during the preparatory stage in excessively deep bridle suture; 3 cases of conjunctival and scleral perforation; 4 cases of inadvertent orifice enlargement in needle perforation of limbal scar tissue with consequent excessive filtration; in 37 patients, there was a hemorrhage from new vessels situated in the anterior chamber angle and the iris; 59 cases of serous cilio-choroidal effusion; 12 cases of hemorrhagic detachment. Conclusions. It is mandatory to follow the main principles of surgical technique and to take into consideration associated diseases.
Influence of vitrectomyon the progressionof wet age related macular degeneration
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Shaar Gassan Basharovich , Dal’ Nikita Yur’yevich
Published: September 2015

Purpose. To study the effects of vitrectomy on the course of wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Materials and methods. 99 patients (99 eyes) with wet AMD associated with vitreo-macular adhesion or posterior hyaloid traction were included in the study. During the first 6 months, all patients received anti-VEGF treatment according to a PRN regimen. Then, they were divided into two groups: in 45 patients vitrectomy was performed and 54 patients did not receive surgical treatment. The follow-up period duration was one year. Results. At the beginning of the study, visual acuity was 0.27 ± 0.17 in the control group, and 0.17 ± 0.15 in the treatment group. Most prominent differences in visual acuity between the two groups were observed during the first 6 months (visual acuity in the treatment group before surgery was 0.12 ± 0.1) (p 0.01 and p 0.001), at the same time during the following 6 follow-up months, this difference decreased (p 0.05 and p 0.01). 1 year from the study start, visual acuity in the control group was 0.24 ± 0.17, and 0.17 ± 0.13 in the treatment one. Conclusions. Vitrectomy surgery in patients with wet AMD in association with vitreo-macular adhesion or posterior hyaloid traction does not exacerbate the disease course, stabilizes visual functions and improves the quality of life.
A comparative analysis of the course of wet age-related macular degeneration in eyes with incipient cataract and in eyes after phacoemulsification
Authors: Astakhov Yuriy Sergeyevich , Dal’ Nikita Yur’yevich , Chistyakova Natal’ya Viktorovna
Published: September 2015

Many patients with wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD) also have a cataract in the same eye. Because there is a theoretical risk of progression of the degenerative processes in the macular area after surgical lens removal, this raises some ethical, clinical and economical questions for ophthalmologists. The purpose of the study was to compare the course of wet AMD in eyes with incipient cataract and the course in eyes after surgical cataract removal. Materials and methods: 135 eyes with wet AMD, 48 eyes - treated group - were subjects to phacoemulsification during the study, 87 eyes - control group - with incipient cataract without indications for surgery. Regular visits every 1.5 months during 2 years of follow-up with visual acuity testing, central retinal thickness analysis by optical coherence tomography (OCT). Anti-VEGF injections were performed according to a PRN regimen. Results: there was no statistically significant difference in visual acuity, central retinal thickness, intravitreal injection frequency between both groups during the study period. Conclusions: No influence of phacoemulsification on the wet AMD course was found.
The “Signicef” ® use for prevention of postoperative infectious complications
Authors: Nikolaenko Vadim Petrovich , Kataeva Mariya Valer'yevna , Panova Tat'yana Yur'yevna
Published: September 2015

Purpose. To study the efficacy and the tolerability of “Signicef” when used during the early post-operative period after ophthalmic surgeries. Materials and methods. The treatment group consisted of 82 patients, in whom ophthalmic surgeries were performed. All patients received treatment of antibiotics and anti-inflammatory medications according to standard pattern that included instillations of “Signicef” eye drops. The anterior segment of the operated eye was examined every day until discharge from the hospital, as well as after 7 and 14 days after surgery. Results. There were no cases of purulent complications among the study group. No objective signs of infection or drug intolerance were observed. Conclusions. “Signicef” ensured an adequate prevention of infectious complications at early postoperative period and demonstrated a good tolerability in patients of the study group.
A patient was admitted to a sanatorium with insufficiently confirmed tuberculosis etiology of uveitis: what is to be done?
Authors: Ustinova Yelena Ivanovna , Lyapin Sergei Leonidovich , Simchuk Mikhail Nikolaevich
Published: September 2015

The results of ocular tuberculosis diagnostics in a specialized sanatorium “Krasny Val” during 2005-2009 were analyzed, and compared with those of the previous 5-year period. The percentage of patients admitted to the sanatorium with non-confirmed tuberculosis as the etiology of eye diseases increased from 11.0% to 18.9%, p 0.05. We believe that this is due to the insufficient staffing level of ophthalmologists in dispensaries. Only in one third of patients, ocular tuberculosis was diagnosed; in the rest of the cases indications to anti-tuberculosis therapy were excluded. (Excluded or not found?) Because of the complexity of the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis, it is necessary for the specialized sanatoria to help the dispensaries in making the proper diagnosis. Because of high medico-social and economic significance, we recommend proper staffing of phthisioophthalmologists in anti-tuberculosis dispensaries, and enhanced education of all ophthalmolgists in the diagnosis of ocular tuberculosis.
Prognosing intraocular pressure compensation in primary open-angle glaucoma patients at medical and surgical treatment
Authors: Soljannikova Ol'ga Vladimirovna , Berdnikova Ekaterina Viktorovna , Ekgardt Valerij Fedorovich , Dmitrienko Victorya Nikolaevna
Published: September 2015

Objective. Criteria specification and prognosis establishment of intraocular pressure compensation in primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) patients at medical and surgical treatment based on integrated clinical and instrumental examination. Methods. 128 POAG subjects (234 eyes) receiving medical treatment were included in the study, surgery was performed in 42 patients (52 eyes). Results. The use of multiple clinical parameters into the statistical analysis leads to an increase in the probability of IOP compensation and correct prognosis (up to 84.0-98.4 % of cases) in medical treatment, and does not alter the prognosis accuracy at surgical treatment. In analysis of lower variables number, correct prognosis of IOP compensation at medical treatment can be established in 75.4-75.7 % of cases, and at surgical treatment - in 100 % of cases. The results of present study are the basis for a computer program development that could allow a practicing ophthalmologist to determine the prognosis of IOP compensation in a POAG-patient.
Congenital microphtalmos with cyst
Authors: Gorbachev Dmitriy Stepanovich , Korovenkov Ruslan Ivanovich
Published: September 2015

The literature review related to congenital microphthalmus with cyst is presented. It sets out the views of the authors on etiology, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of this disease. Questions of embryogenesis, development and dynamics of the histological pattern in the course of cyst formation are considered.
First results of balloon dacryoplasty in dacryostenosis
Authors: At’kova Evgeniya L’vovna , Yartsev Vasiliy Dmitrievich , Krakhovetskiy Nikolay Nikolaevich , Root Anna Olegovna , Reznikova Lyudmila Vladimirovna
Published: September 2015

Background. Outpatient care is not widely spread in modern dacryology. At the same time, its necessity increases. There are no evidences of balloon dacryoplasty (BDP) application in Russian periodical literature. Material and methods. 50 surgical procedures in 30 patients with partial nasolacrimal duct obliteration were performed, among them 30 BDP without lacrimal pathways intubation (group 1) and 20 with bicanalicular Ritleng intubation of lacrimal pathways (group 2). Lacrimal scintigraphy, single photon emission computed tomography, combined with X-ray computed tomography, subjective tearing estimation in points, and health depending quality of life evaluation wre performed in all cases. Same tests were repeated in 3 months after surgery. Results. A positive outcome rate was 90 % in both groups. There were no complications in group 1. A single case of stent dislocation was recorded in group 2. Conclusion. BDP is an effective procedure in dacryostenosis of the lacrimal pathways vertical part obliteration. This procedure helps to avoid complications associated with long stent retention. It is possible to get good functional results even at short term after BDP surgery, and there is a possibility for this procedure to be carried out in an outpatient setting.
Cordarone keratopathyand Fabry disease: Differential diagnosis, treatment
Authors: Astakhov Sergey Yur'yevich , Tkachenko Natal'ya Viktorovna , Papanyan Sanasar Surikovich
Published: September 2015

Cordarone keratopathy corresponds to medically induced corneal changes developing with time in a majority of patients against the background of systemic cordarone (amiodarone) therapy. This condition does threaten by substantial visual function decrease and does not demand medication withdrawal. Similar intraepithelial corneal inclusions may be found in treatment by several other medications, as well as in Fabry disease. This is to be reminded when considering differential diagnosis.
Psychosocial risk factors and personality disorders in outpatient cardiology setting
Authors: Suárez-Bagnasco Mariana , Brandani María , Lobo Martin , Masson Walter , Peressotti Bruno , Jorge Nadia , Gagliardi Juan , Higa Claudio , Zylbersztejn Horacio
Published: September 2015

Purpose: The aim of this study is to describe psychological risk factors and personality disorders in outpatient cardiology setting without cardiovascular diseases.

Materials and methods: A cross sectional and multicenter study was conducted. Outpatients over 21 years old without cardiovascular diseases were enrolled. Psychosocial risk factors and personality disorders were assessed. For data analysis, patients were grouped according to the number of cardiovascular risk factors: one (CRF=1), two (CRF=2), three or more (CRF≥3).

Results: 104 adults were enrolled. Mean age 50.66±14.79. 56.7% were male. 46.2% had between three and eight cardiovascular risk factors. 34.6% had two cardiovascular risk factors. 19.2% had one cardiovascular risk factor. Psychosocial risk factors were present in 77.9% and personality disorders in 74%. 70.2% had psychosocial risk factor and personality disorder comorbidities. Statistical differences between groups CRF=1, CRF=2 and CRF≥3 were founded for hostility (p=0.017) and narcissistic personality disorder (p=0.049). Statistical association were founded for obesity and hostility (p=0.033), hereditary and schizotypal personality disorder (p=0.002).
Conclusion: Psychological risk factors and personality disorders comorbidities are more frequent than psychological risk factors only or personality disorders only in outpatient cardiology setting without cardiovascular diseases.
Anterolateral Papillary Muscle Rupture Caused by Myocardial Infarction: A case report
Authors: Dalak Faisal A , AlBaradai Abdulaziz. , AlMutairi Fawwaz , AlGhofaili Fahad
Published: September 2015

Abstract 

Background: 

The rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle is less common than the posteromedial papillary muscle since the anterolateral muscle has dual blood supplies, while the posteromedial papillary muscle has a single blood supply. 

Case presentation: 

We present a case report of a 62 year old Sudanese male presenting with acute inferior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI), underwent primary PCI (percutaneous intervention) to the right coronary artery. One hour after the PCI, he had sudden heart failure Kilip class IV, with significant shortness of breath, required intubation. Diagnosed to have mitral regurgitation from the complete rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle due to coronary artery disease. The Transthoracic images were not enough to show the mitral valve apparatus and the transeophageal echocardiography as a gold standard showed clearly the rupture of the antero-lateral papillary muscle. The patient underwent a mitral valve replacement and concomitant coronary artery bypass grafting of the right coronary artery and left circumflex artery. 

Conclusion: 

Acute mitral regurgitation can be precipitated by acute myocardial infarction due to rupture of the anterolateral papillary muscle. 
Reflections through a Soviet Window
Authors: Dekel-Chen Jonathan
Published: September 2015

This paper probes the crossroads between the realities of life and the ambitions of the early Soviet regime in one corner of its vast countryside. As a test case, I explore the meeting of organized agrarianization of Jews from the former Pale of Settlement with the mechanisms of Soviet power in the geographical and national peripheries of what was seen until recently as a monolithic, centralized state. Barring the last four years before Operation Barbarossa, a non-governmental, non-denominational American-Jewish philanthropy (the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee [Joint or Agro-Joint]) funded and administered much of this resettlement project in southern Ukraine and Crimea. As shall be seen, the arrival of an effective foreign organization not only shaped the lives of its client-colonists, but the very character of Soviet rural authority through the emergence of hybrid models of governance in the countryside.
Integration through Land Improvement
Authors: Burkhard Daniel
Published: September 2015

Internal colonization in Switzerland is often seen in connection with the battle for cultivation in the Second World War, but the history of internal colonization in Switzerland is more complex. The food crisis in the First World War formed the horizon of experience for various actors from industry, consumer protection, the urban population and agriculture to start considering practical strategies for managing agricultural production. In this way, traditional spaces, such as rural and urban areas and economic roles, such as food producer, consumer and trader, overlapped and were newly conceived to some extent: people started thinking about utopias and how a modern society could be designed to be harmonious and resistant to crisis. The aim of this article is to trace some of the key points in this process for the interwar years in neutral Switzerland. In the process, the focus must be on the context of people’s mentalities in the past, although the relationships between the actors of internal colonization and the state also need to be considered. Internal colonization in Switzerland in the twentieth century can be understood as an open process. In principle, the project was driven by private actors, but in times of crisis, the project was claimed by the state as a possible tool for social and economic intervention. In addition, as a result of the planned dissolution of urban and rural spaces, it will be shown that modern societies in the interwar period were on an existential search to overcome the problems of the modern age. Internal colonization can therefore be seen as an attempt to find a third way between a world characterized by an agrarian society and a modern industrial nation.
The Resettlement of Social Misfits
Authors: Couperus Stefan
Published: September 2015

This article adopts internal colonization as an interpretative framework for the analysis of resettlement practices in the 1940s and 1950s in Rotterdam, a city that had been heavily bombed during the Second World War. The use of internal colonization presents a new vista on the experiments with population management, in particular with regard to perceived social misfits, in Rotterdam. Internal colonization permits a much more critical reading than existing historiography of postwar reconstruction policies that involved the displacement and isolation of part of the urban population.
Developing Student-Writers’ Self-efficacy Beliefs
Authors:   University of Botswana, Botswana, Magogwe Joel , Ramoroka Boitumelo ,   University of Botswana, Botswana, Mogana-Monyepi Ruth ,   University of Botswana, Botswana
Published: September 2015

Based on Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura 1986) research in academic writing and self-efficacy has shown that there is a relationship between students’ performance and their belief in their writing abilities (Matoti and Shumba 2011, Shah et al. 2011, Prat-Sala and Redford 2012). Using questionnaires, interviews and an assessed written task, this study seeks to contribute to this research by exploring the relationship between writing proficiency and self-efficacy beliefs of undergraduate students taking an Advanced Writing Skills course. The aims of the study were to find out a) what the writing proficiency self-ratings of students doing the Advanced Writing Skills course are like b) their writing self-efficacy beliefs c) what they perceive to be problems related to their writing skills and d) whether there is any relationship between performance level of the students and their self-efficacy beliefs. An analysis of the results reveals that although students’ self-rating was high, their efficacy beliefs were moderate. The results of the present study also reveal that there was no relationship between students’ essay writing performance and their self-efficacy beliefs in the context of this study. This article argues that although self-efficacy beliefs need not be high for students to be motivated to perform better, boosting these beliefs can add to students’ tools for developing their writing competence.
Genetic Epidemiology Studies on Unusual Genetic Morphophenotypes in a Settled Community from South India
Authors: Veerappa Avinash M. , Suryanarayana Archana , Shivalingaiaha Latha , Sadanandappa Madhumala , Sathyanarayana Shivaprasad , Mathre Swarna ,   Unit on Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,   Unit on Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,   Unit on Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,   Unit on Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,   Unit on Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.,   Unit on Genetics, Department of Studies in Zoology, University of Mysore, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Published: September 2015

Genetic disorders in a population can be caused in many ways and these genetic disorders are heritable, and are passed down the generations. These disorders are complex, multifactorial, or polygenic, and are associated with the effects of multiple genes in combination with lifestyles and environmental factors. Familial aggregation approach and segregation approach was used in this study to identify the prevalent genetic conditions and their inheritance patterns. Here, we report a population which had a very high number of unusual genetic morphophenotypes. We observed that these unusual morphophenotypes in this population are a result of an interaction between “inbreeding, consanguinity and accumulating mutations”. Statistical analysis revealed that individuals in this population carry more than 20 deleterious recessive genes based on Slatis method of calculating abnormal autosomal recessive genes in individuals.
Physiological and Morphological Responses of Phaseolus vulgaris Caused by Mercury Stress under Lab Conditions
Authors: Sharma Jot , Shrivastava Shilpa ,   BIMR College of Professional Studies, Surya Mandir Road, Residency, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India.,   BIMR College of Professional Studies, Surya Mandir Road, Residency, Gwalior 474005, Madhya Pradesh, India.
Published: September 2015

One of the many new risks that effecting the early societies is the continuous exposure to pollutants, namely, heavy metals. Mercury (Hg) is perhaps the metal which has attracted the most attention in soil science and plant nutrition due to its potential toxicity to ecosystem. In the present study, the toxic effect of mercury was determined by morphological and physiological parameter on plant Phaseolus vulgaris. In germination studies, parameters such as germination percentage, root length, and shoot length were decreased with increasing dose of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) concentrations. Mercury also showed inhibition property towards physiological parameters such as chlorophyll, protein, nitrate, and endogenous pool. Higher concentrations of HgCl2 were found to be more toxic.