bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Accumulation of STR-Loci Aberrations in Subclones of Jurkat Cell Line as a Model of Tumor Clonal Evolution
Authors: Risinskaya Natalya , Glinshchikova Olga , Makarik Tatiana , Kozhevnikova Yana , Chabaeva Julia , Kulikov Sergey
Published: February 2023

Many genetic markers are known to distinguish tumor cells from normal. Genetic lesions found at disease onset often belong to a predominant tumor clone, and further observation makes it possible to assess the fate of this clone during therapy. However, minor clones escape monitoring and become unidentified, leading to relapses. Here we report the results of in vitro study of clonal evolution in cultured tumor cell line (Jurkat) compared to the cell line of non-tumor origin (WIL2-S). Cell lines were cultured and cloned by limiting dilutions. Subclones were tested by short tandem repeats (STR) profiling. Spontaneous STR aberrations in cells of non-tumor origin occur in less than 1 of 100 cultured cells. While in the cells of tumor origin, new aberrations appear in 1 or even more of 3 cultured cells. At the same time, a significant relationship was found between the accumulation of aberrations in the pool of subclones and the rate of cell growth. One can speculate that this approach could be applied for the analysis of primary patient tumor cell culture to obtain information concerning the evolutionary potential of the tumor cells that may be useful for the selection of a therapy approach.
The Role of Glutamatergic Gene Polymorphisms in the Clinical Phenotypes of Schizophrenia
Authors: Poltavskaya Evgeniya G. , Kornetova Elena G. , Freidin Maxim B. , Pozhidaev Ivan V. , Paderina Diana Z. , Bocharova Anna V. , Semke Arkadiy V. , Bokhan Nikolay A. , Ivanova Svetlana A. , Fedorenko Olga Y.
Published: February 2023

Background: Personal variations in genetic risk for schizophrenia relate to its phenotypic heterogeneity—both in disorder development and clinical manifestations. Abnormal glutamatergic neurotransmitter system functioning is integrated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Methods: A sample of 805 Russian schizophrenia patients from the Siberian Federal region was investigated. We examined the association of 39 single nucleotide polymorphisms in eight genes (GRIN2A, GRIN2B, SLC1A2, SLC1A3, SLC17A7, GRM3, GRM7, and GRM8) involved in the glutamatergic system with the development of clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia. The MassARRAY Analyzer 4 was used for genotyping. Results: GRIN2A rs11644461, rs8057394 and GRIN2B rs7313149 are associated with the continuous type of schizophrenia. The GRIN2A rs8057394*G allele is a relative risk factor (p = 0.019) for developing the continuous type of schizophrenia. We found a nominally significant association between negative symptoms of schizophrenia and SLC17A7 rs62126236. The SLC17A7 rs62126236*T allele has a protective effect (p = 0.039) against predominant negative symptoms in schizophrenia. The total Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) scores were significantly associated with GRIN2A rs9788936 after adjusting for multiple testing (p = 0.001). Conclusions: In this study the contribution of the glutamatergic gene polymorphisms to the clinical heterogeneity of schizophrenia has been demonstrated.
A Grid Search-Based Multilayer Dynamic Ensemble System to Identify DNA N4—Methylcytosine Using Deep Learning Approach
Authors: Halder Rajib Kumar , Uddin Mohammed Nasir , Uddin Md. Ashraf , Aryal Sunil , Islam Md. Aminul , Hossain Fahima , Jahan Nusrat , Khraisat Ansam , Alazab Ammar
Published: February 2023

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) N4-methylcytosine (4mC), a kind of epigenetic modification of DNA, is important for modifying gene functions, such as protein interactions, conformation, and stability in DNA, as well as for the control of gene expression throughout cell development and genomic imprinting. This simply plays a crucial role in the restriction–modification system. To further understand the function and regulation mechanism of 4mC, it is essential to precisely locate the 4mC site and detect its chromosomal distribution. This research aims to design an efficient and high-throughput discriminative intelligent computational system using the natural language processing method “word2vec” and a multi-configured 1D convolution neural network (1D CNN) to predict 4mC sites. In this article, we propose a grid search-based multi-layer dynamic ensemble system (GS-MLDS) that can enhance existing knowledge of each level. Each layer uses a grid search-based weight searching approach to find the optimal accuracy while minimizing computation time and additional layers. We have used eight publicly available benchmark datasets collected from different sources to test the proposed model’s efficiency. Accuracy results in test operations were obtained as follows: 0.978, 0.954, 0.944, 0.961, 0.950, 0.973, 0.948, 0.952, 0.961, and 0.980. The proposed model has also been compared to 16 distinct models, indicating that it can accurately predict 4mC.
Maternal Epigenetic Dysregulation as a Possible Risk Factor for Neurodevelopmental Disorders
Authors: Lintas Carla , Cassano Ilaria , Azzarà Alessia , Stigliano Maria Grazia , Gregorj Chiara , Sacco Roberto , Stoccoro Andrea , Coppedè Fabio , Gurrieri Fiorella
Published: February 2023

Neurodevelopmental Disorders (NDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders and are considered multifactorial diseases with both genetic and environmental components. Epigenetic dysregulation driven by adverse environmental factors has recently been documented in neurodevelopmental disorders as the possible etiological agent for their onset. However, most studies have focused on the epigenomes of the probands rather than on a possible epigenetic dysregulation arising in their mothers and influencing neurodevelopment during pregnancy. The aim of this research was to analyze the methylation profile of four well-known genes involved in neurodevelopment (BDNF, RELN, MTHFR and HTR1A) in the mothers of forty-five age-matched AS (Asperger Syndrome), ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) and typically developing children. We found a significant increase of methylation at the promoter of the RELN and HTR1A genes in AS mothers compared to ADHD and healthy control mothers. For the MTHFR gene, promoter methylation was significantly higher in AS mothers compared to healthy control mothers only. The observed dysregulation in AS mothers could potentially contribute to the affected condition in their children deserving further investigation.
Behavioral and Physiological Reactions to a Sudden Novel Object in the Weanling Horse: Quantitative Phenotypes for Future GWAS
Authors: Powell Barclay B. , Horvath Kelsey C. , Gilliam Tyeler L. , Sibille Kimberly T. , Keil Andreas , Miller-Cushon Emily K. , Wickens Carissa L. , Brooks Samantha A.
Published: February 2023

The startle response can be defined as a reflexive reaction to the sudden appearance of a novel stimulus that influences the survival and resilience of animals. In domesticated species, the behavioral component of the startle response can, in some cases, cause serious injury to the animal or human handlers if inappropriately expressed. Here, we describe a longitudinal study in a population of stock-type horses that quantified behavioral startle responses elicited by the presentation of a sudden novel object (rapidly opening umbrella). The study was performed in weanling foals across four consecutive years (n = 74, mean age = 256 days). Behavioral assays for the startle response phenotype focused on six behavioral variables: latency to return to the feed pan (seconds), maximum distance fled (meters), proportion of time spent walking or trotting (seconds), and how long a horse spent standing facing away from or toward the novel object. We observed behavioral startle response variables in relation to cardiac response, age, and sex for each individual. Each horse’s cardiac startle response pattern was determined and categorized into heart rate response cluster groups identified as accelerators and decelerators. Using principal component analysis (PCA) with a factor rotation, we identified “startle response” phenotypes that summarize the behavioral and physiological variables. The largest component of variation, Factor 1, comprised 32.5% of the behavioral variable with a positive correlation with latency and distance, and was not influenced by sex or age. Factor 2 comprised 23.2% of the variation, and was positively correlated with activity level performed such as proportion of time spent walking and/or trotting. Horses with the accelerator type cardiac response had significantly higher Factor 1 scores than decelerators but did not differ in Factor 2. Future work includes expanding our sample size to conduct a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic loci influencing behavioral startle reactions using recorded behavioral and physiological phenotypes.
The Significance of Mylohyoid Muscle Release (MMR) in the Vertical and Horizontal Ridge Augmentation Surgeries; Clinical and Human Cadaver Analyses of the Techniques
Authors: Soldatos Nikolaos , Immonen Jessica , Romanos Georgios , Weltman Robin
Published: February 2023

(1) Background: Ridge augmentations either horizontal (HRA) or vertical (VRA) in the posterior mandible are very challenging regenerative procedures. To attain and retain tension-free primary closure, buccal periosteal and mylohyoid muscle releases should be performed. The purpose of the present study was to review, analyze and discuss the three different techniques for the mylohyoid muscle release (MMR) in VRA and HRA surgeries on a clinical and human cadaver level. (2) Presentation of the techniques: Three different techniques are described in the literature regarding the lingual flap management: (i) the finger sweep technique (FST), (ii) the release of the mylohyoid muscle attachment on the lingual flap (MMALF), and (iii) the mylohyoid preservation technique (MPT) in three key anatomical zones. All three techniques, even though they use a different approach, can achieve similar amount of horizontal and vertical mylohyoid muscle release although MPT showed statistically significant higher flap advancement. The human cadaver analyses revealed that all three techniques are considered safe since they do not approximate vital anatomical structures. (3) Conclusions: All three techniques are considered safe, but they are not free of limitations or complications; therefore, they should be performed only by highly experienced and trained clinicians. MPT achieved statistically significant higher flap advancement.
Big Data, Small Island: Earth Observations for Improving Flood and Landslide Risk Assessment in Jamaica
Authors: Avalon-Cullen Cheila , Caudill Christy , Newlands Nathaniel K. , Enenkel Markus
Published: February 2023

The Caribbean region is highly vulnerable to multiple hazards. Resultant impacts may be derived from single or multiple cascading risks caused by hydrological-meteorological, seismic, geologic, or anthropological triggers, disturbances, or events. Studies suggest that event records and data related to hazards, risk, damage, and loss are limited in this region. National Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) planning and response require data of sufficient quantity and quality to generate actionable information, statistical inferences, and insights to guide continual policy improvements for effective DRR, national preparedness, and response in both time and space. To address this knowledge gap, we review the current state of knowledge, data, models, and tools, identifying potential opportunities, capacity needs, and long-term benefits for integrating Earth Observation (EO) understanding, data, models, and tools to further enhance and strengthen the national DRR framework using two common disasters in Jamaica: floods and landslides. This review serves as an analysis of the current state of DRR management and assess future opportunities. Equally, to illustrate and guide other United Nations Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) priority countries in the Pacific region, known as Small Island Developing States (SIDS), to grapple with threats of multiple and compounding hazards in the face of increasing frequency, intensity, and duration of extreme weather events, and climate change impact.
Sensitivity Analysis of Modelled Flood Inundation Extents over Hawkesbury–Nepean Catchment
Authors: Unnithan S. L. Kesav , Biswal Basudev , Sharples Wendy , Rüdiger Christoph , Bahramian Katayoon , Hou Jiawei
Published: February 2023

Rainfall runoff and topography are among the major factors controlling the accuracy of modelled riverine inundation extents. We have evaluated the sensitivity of both these variables on a novel 1-D conceptual flood inundation model employing Height Above Nearest Drainage (HAND) thresholds within sub-catchment units called Reach Contributing Area (RCA). We examined the March 2021 flood extent over the Hawkesbury–Nepean Valley (HNV) with 0.05′ gridded runoff derived from the Australian Water Resources Assessment (AWRA) modelling framework. HAND thresholds were enforced within each RCA using rating curve relationships generated by a modelled river geometry dataset obtained from Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) and by modelling Manning’s roughness coefficient as a function of channel slope. We found that the step-like topographic nature of HNV significantly influences the back-water effect within the floodplain. At the same time, the improved accuracy of the GeoFabric Digital Elevation Model (DEM) outperforms SRTM DEM-derived flood output. The precision of HAND thresholds does not add significant value to the analysis. With enhanced access to river bathymetry and an ensemble point-based runoff modelling approach, we can generate an ensemble runoff-based probabilistic extent of inundation.
Neoplastic and Autoimmune Comorbidities in Patients with Primary Cutaneous B-Cell Lymphoma
Authors: Mazzetto Roberto , Tartaglia Jacopo , Sernicola Alvise , Alaibac Mauro
Published: February 2023

Primary cutaneous B-cell lymphomas (PCBCLs) constitute a rare subset of non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), with distinctive clinical and biological characteristics. The risk of autoimmune or neoplastic comorbidities in subjects with NHL has been extensively reported in the literature, but the data available are not directly applicable to PCBCLs. The aim of our study was to determine the frequency of relevant medical conditions, with a primary focus on autoimmune and neoplastic disorders, in subjects with PCBCL. We performed a retrospective observational study involving 56 patients diagnosed histologically with PCBCL and 54 sex- and age-matched controls. Our results show a statistically significant association for neoplastic comorbidities in general (41.1% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.034) and hematological malignancies specifically (19.6% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.0041) with PCBCL compared to controls. We did not highlight a statistically significant difference in the frequency of autoimmune comorbidities (21.4% vs. 9.3%, p = 0.1128) and of chronic viral hepatitis (7.1% vs. 0, p = 0.1184). Finally, type 2 diabetes (19.6% vs. 1.9%, p = 0.0041) was significantly associated with PCBCL. Our preliminary data supporting the association between PCBCLs and neoplastic disorders suggest that altered immune surveillance may be a common predisposing mechanism.
Protective Coatings for Metals in Scientific—Technical Heritage: The Collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology (MUNCYT)
Authors: Molina María Teresa , Cano Emilio , Leal Joaquina , Fort Rafael , Álvarez de Buergo Mónica , Ramírez-Barat Blanca
Published: February 2023

This paper presents results on the protective properties of different coatings over metals representative of those found in scientific–technical heritage collections. An examination of several objects in the collection of the Spanish National Museum of Science and Technology have allowed the identification of brass and steel as the most representative metals, and the existence of coatings (mainly shellac and acrylic resins) applied for aesthetic and/or conservation purposes. Based on these findings, brass and steel coupons coated with Paraloid B-44, B-48, B-67, B-72, Incralac, Cosmolloid H80, B-72 + H80 double layer and shellac have been studied to carry out a first screening in order to select the most promising candidates and determine the most appropriate methodology and key factors for the study. Coatings have been aged up to 336 h using cycles of UV light and water condensation. The change in the aspect of the coupons has been assessed via visual examination, optical microscopy and colorimetric measurements, with B-44 and Incralac showing the least change. EIS has been used for a quantitative evaluation of the protective properties and FTIR to measure chemical changes experienced by some coatings, such as B-48 and B-67. These evaluations allowed us to follow, understand and compare the behaviour of the different coatings and substrates after artificial ageing.
Exploring Naturalistic Diffusion of an Evidence-Based Mental Health Intervention across Peer Networks of Youth in Sierra Leone
Authors: Desrosiers Alethea , Bond Laura , Hoffman Morgan , Kumar Praveen , Schafer Carolyn , Metzger Isha W. , Vandi Alpha , Hinton Miriam , Betancourt Theresa S.
Published: February 2023

Background: Understanding the mechanisms by which evidence-based interventions (EBIs) for mental health are naturally diffused among youth in low-and middle-income countries—particularly those with histories of violence and civil unrest—can illuminate which intervention elements are most transferrable and inform scale-up decisions that support youth adjustment. This study explored the diffusion of an evidence-based mental health intervention—the Youth Readiness Intervention (YRI)—among peer networks of Sierra Leonean youth (aged 18–30) who participated in a trial of the intervention as integrated into youth entrepreneurship programs. Methods: Trained research assistants recruited index participants who had completed the YRI integrated within entrepreneurship training (N = 165) and control index participants (N = 165). Index participants nominated three of their closest peers. Nominated peers were recruited and enrolled in the current study (N = 289). A sub-sample of index participants and peers participated in dyadic interviews (N = 11) and focus group discussions (N = 16). Multivariate regression analysis compared YRI knowledge levels among YRI participants’ peers relative to control participants’ peers. Results: Qualitative findings supported the diffusion of several YRI skills and components across peer networks (i.e., progressive muscle relaxation and diaphragmatic breathing). Quantitative findings indicated that YRI knowledge was significantly higher for YRI participants’ peers (β = 0.02, p < 0.00) compared to control participants’ peers. Conclusion: Findings suggest that diffusion of evidence-based intervention components can occur naturally among peers in post-conflict LMIC settings. Developing tools to promote the diffusion of the most transferrable EBI components across peer networks could help maximize the benefits of mental health interventions for youth adjustment and resilience in post-conflict settings.
Prevalence and Correlates of Stunting among Children Aged 6–23 Months from Poor Households in Rwanda
Authors: Habimana Jean de Dieu , Uwase Aline , Korukire Noel , Jewett Sara , Umugwaneza Maryse , Rugema Lawrence , Munyanshongore Cyprien
Published: February 2023

Stunted linear growth continues to be a public health problem that overwhelms the entire world and, particularly, developing countries. Despite several interventions designed and implemented to reduce stunting, the rate of 33.1% is still high for the proposed target of 19% in 2024. This study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of stunting among children aged 6–23 months from poor households in Rwanda. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 817 mother–child dyads (two individuals from one home) living in low-income families in five districts with a high prevalence of stunting. Descriptive statistics were used to determine the prevalence of stunting. In addition, we used bivariate analysis and a multivariate logistic regression model to measure the strength of the association between childhood stunting and exposure variables. The prevalence of stunting was 34.1%. Children from households without a vegetable garden (AOR = 2.165, p-value < 0.01), children aged 19–23 months (AOR = 4.410, p-value = 0.01), and children aged 13–18 months (AOR = 2.788, p-value = 0.08) showed increased likelihood of stunting. On the other hand, children whose mothers were not exposed to physical violence (AOR = 0.145, p-value < 0.001), those whose fathers were working (AOR = 0.036, p-value = 0.001), those whose parents were both working (AOR = 0.208, p-value = 0.029), and children whose mothers demonstrated good hand washing practice (AOR = 0.181, p-value < 0.001) were less likely to be stunted. Our findings underscore the importance of integrating the promotion of handwashing practices, owning vegetable gardens, and intimate partner violence prevention in the interventions to fight child stunting.
Mental Health and COVID-19 in University Students: Findings from a Qualitative, Comparative Study in Italy and the UK
Authors: Riboldi Ilaria , Capogrosso Chiara Alessandra , Piacenti Susanna , Calabrese Angela , Lucini Paioni Susanna , Bartoli Francesco , Crocamo Cristina , Carrà Giuseppe , Armes Jo , Taylor Cath
Published: February 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 restrictions introduced several changes in university academic and social experience. Self-isolation and online teaching have amplified students’ mental health vulnerability. Thus, we aimed to explore feelings and perspectives about the impact of the pandemic on mental health, comparing students from Italy and the UK. Methods: Data were collected from the qualitative portion of “the CAMPUS study”, longitudinally assessing mental health of students at the University of Milano-Bicocca (Italy) and the University of Surrey (UK). We conducted in-depth interviews and thematically analysed the transcripts. Results: The explanatory model was developed from four themes identified across 33 interviews: anxiety exacerbated by COVID-19; putative mechanisms leading to poor mental health; the most vulnerable subgroups; and coping strategies. Generalised and social anxiety resulted from COVID-19 restrictions by being associated with loneliness, excessive time online, unhealthy management of time and space and poor communication with the university. Freshers, international students, and people on the extremes of the introversion/extroversion spectrum, were identified as vulnerable, while effective coping strategies included taking advantage of free time, connection with family and mental health support. The impact of COVID-19 was mostly related to academic issues by students from Italy, whereas to the drastic loss of social connectedness by the UK sample. Conclusions: Mental health support for students has an essential role, and measures that encourage communication and social connectedness are likely to be beneficial.
Using the Sustainable Development Capacity of Key Counties to Guide Rural Revitalization in China
Authors: Chen Jingru , Zeng Hengyuan , Gao Qiang
Published: February 2023

Counties are the basic unit for addressing unbalanced development in a region, revitalizing rural areas, and promoting the integrated development of urban and rural areas. Despite the importance of county-level research, few studies have been conducted research at such a small scale. To address this gap in knowledge, this study constructs an evaluation system to measure the county sustainable development capacity (CSDC) of counties in China, identify constraints to development, and provide policy suggestions to promote the counties’ long-term stable development. Specifically, the CSDC indicator system was based on the regional theory of sustainable development and included economic aggregation capacity, social development capacity, and environmental carrying capacity. This framework was applied to 103 key counties to receive assistance in pursuing rural revitalization in 10 provinces in western China. The AHP–Entropy Weighting Method and TOPSIS model were employed to inform the scores of CSDC and its secondary indicators, and ArcGIS 10.8 was used to portray the spatial distribution of CSDC and to classify these key counties into categories that guided specific policy recommendations. The results demonstrate a high degree of unbalanced and inadequate development in these counties and that rural revitalization efforts can be targeted to increase the speed of development. It is crucial to follow the recommendations that conclude this paper to promote sustainable development in areas that have been lifted out of poverty and to revive rural areas.
“It Goes Hand in Hand with Us Trying to Get More Kids to Play” Stakeholder Experiences in a Sport and Active Recreation Voucher Program
Authors: Foley Bridget C. , Turner Natalie , Owen Katherine B. , Cushway David , Nguyen Jacqueline , Reece Lindsey J.
Published: February 2023

Vouchers that reduce the cost of sport and active recreation participation have been shown to increase children’s and adolescent’s physical activity levels. Yet, the influence of government-led voucher programs on the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations is unclear. This qualitative study explored the experiences of stakeholders in the sport and recreation sector that were engaged in implementing the New South Wales (NSW) Government’s Active Kids voucher program in Australia. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 29 sport and active recreation providers. Interview transcriptions were analysed by a multidisciplinary team using the Framework method. Overall, participants reported that the Active Kids voucher program was an acceptable intervention to address the cost barrier to participation for children and adolescents. Three main steps influenced the capacity of organisations to deliver their sport and recreation programs and the voucher program: (1) Implementation priming—alignment of the intervention aims with stakeholder priorities and early information sharing, (2) Administrative ease—enhanced technology use and establishment of simple procedures, and (3) Innovation impacts—enablement of staff and volunteers to address barriers to participation for their participants. Future voucher programs should include strategies to enhance the capacity of sport and active recreation organisations to meet program guidelines and increase innovation.
Energy Balance, Hormonal Status, and Military Performance in Strenuous Winter Training
Authors: Nykänen Tarja , Ojanen Tommi , Vaara Jani P. , Pihlainen Kai , Heikkinen Risto , Kyröläinen Heikki , Fogelholm Mikael
Published: February 2023

Severe energy deficit may impair hormonal regulation and physical performance in military trainings. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between energy intake, expenditure, and balance, hormones and military performance during a winter survival training. Two groups were studied: the FEX group (n = 46) had 8-day garrison and field training, whereas the RECO group (n = 26) had a 36-h recovery period after the 6-day garrison and field training phase. Energy intake was assessed by food diaries, expenditure via heart rate variability, body composition by bioimpedance, and hormones by blood samples. Strength, endurance and shooting tests were done for evaluating military performance. PRE 0 d, MID 6 d, POST 8 d measurements were carried out. Energy balance was negative in PRE and MID (FEX −1070 ± 866, −4323 ± 1515; RECO −1427 ± 1200, −4635 ± 1742 kcal·d−1). In POST, energy balance differed between the groups (FEX −4222 ± 1815; RECO −608 ± 1107 kcal·d−1 (p < 0.001)), as well as leptin, testosterone/cortisol ratio, and endurance performance (p = 0.003, p < 0.001, p = 0.003, respectively). Changes in energy intake and expenditure were partially associated with changes in leptin and the testosterone/cortisol ratio, but not with physical performance variables. The 36-h recovery restored energy balance and hormonal status after strenuous military training, but these outcomes were not associated with strength or shooting performance.
Differential Associated Factors for Inadequate Receipt of Components and Non-Use of Antenatal Care Services among Adolescent, Young, and Older Women in Nigeria
Authors: Envuladu Esther Awazzi , Issaka Abukari Ibrahim , Dhami Mansi Vijaybhai , Sahiledengle Biniyam , Agho Kingsley Emwinyore
Published: February 2023

Nigerian women continue to die in childbirth due to inadequate health services such as antenatal care (ANC). Among other factors, the inadequate receipt or non-use of ANC appears to be associated with the age of women, remoteness, and poor households. This cross-sectional study aimed to compare the factors associated with inadequate receipt of the components and non-use of ANC among pregnant adolescents, and young and older women in Nigeria. Data for this study were from the 2018 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) and covered a weighted total of 21,911 eligible women. Survey multinomial logistic regression analyses that adjusted for cluster, and survey weights were conducted to examine factors associated with adolescent, young, and older women. Adolescent women reported a higher prevalence of inadequate receipts and non-use of ANC than young and older women. Increased odds of inadequate receipt of the components of ANC were associated with residence in the North–East region and rural areas for all three categories of women. For adolescent women, the increased odds of inadequate receipt of the components of ANC were associated with delivering a baby at home and a big problem with distance to health facilities. Limited education or no schooling was associated with the increased odds of receiving inadequate ANC among older women. Implementing interventions to improve maternal and child health care should focus on the factors associated with the increased odds of receipt of inadequate or non-use of ANC services among Nigerian adolescent women, particularly those living in rural areas in the North–East region.
Effectiveness of Pain Neuroscience Education in Patients with Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Central Sensitization: A Systematic Review
Authors: Lepri Beatrice , Romani Daniele , Storari Lorenzo , Barbari Valerio
Published: February 2023

Objective: To collect the available evidence about the effectiveness of pain neuroscience education (PNE) on pain, disability, and psychosocial factors in patients with chronic musculoskeletal (MSK) pain and central sensitization (CS). Methods: A systematic review was conducted. Searches were performed on Pubmed, PEDro, and CINAHL, and only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) enrolling patients ≥18 years of age with chronic MSK pain due to CS were included. No meta-analysis was conducted, and qualitative analysis was realized. Results: 15 RCTs were included. Findings were divided for diagnostic criteria (fibromyalgia—FM, chronic fatigue syndrome—CFS, low back pain—LBP, chronic spinal pain—CSP). PNE has been proposed as a single intervention or associated with other approaches, and different measures were used for the main outcomes considered. Conclusions, practice implication: PNE is effective in improving pain, disability, and psychosocial factors in patients with fibromyalgia, chronic low back pain (CLBP)—especially if associated with other therapeutic approaches—and also in patients with CFS and CSP. Overall, PNE seems to be more effective when proposed in one-to-one oral sessions and associated with reinforcement elements. However, specific eligibility criteria for chronic MSK pain due to CS are still lacking in most RCTs; therefore, for future research, it is mandatory to specify such criteria in primary studies.
Patent Acquisitions in the Healthcare Industry: An Analysis of Learning Mechanisms
Authors: Giglio Carlo , Vocaturo Gianluca Salvatore , Palmieri Roberto
Published: February 2023

The healthcare industry at large is used as a case study to suggest a methodological technique for evaluating patent citation networks to analyze cross-country creativity/knowledge flows. It intends to provide insight on the following research issues: (a) how to examine cross-national creative/learning flows; and (b) have nations with present patent owners profited from patent acquisitions? The research field at hand is currently under-explored, justifying the motivation for conducting this investigation, even though it has economic relevance in innovation patterns worldwide. The analysis of over 14,023 firms has shown that: (a) owners have acquired patents across borders, and (b) acquired patents (granted between 2013 and 2017) are cited by later patents (2018–2022). The methodology and findings are transferable to other industries. They can be used by managers and policymakers to (a) assist businesses in predicting innovation trajectories and (b) assist governments in designing and putting into action more effective policies that foster patented innovations in sectors that are deemed to be relevant to the national interest, thanks to the adoption of a new, complementary theoretical viewpoint that merges the micro- and macro-economic perspectives of citation flows.
A Systematic Review on Professional Regulation and Credentialing of Public Health Workforce
Authors: Gershuni Olga , Orr Jason M. , Vogel Abby , Park Kyeongki , Leider Jonathon P. , Resnick Beth A. , Czabanowska Katarzyna
Published: February 2023

The public health workforce (PHW) counts a great variety of professionals, and how services are delivered differs in every country. The complexity and the diversity of PHW professions also reflect structural problems of supply and demand of PHW in various organizations and health care systems. Therefore, credentialing, regulation, and formal recognition are essential for a competent and responsive PHW to address public health challenges. To ensure comparability of the credentialing and regulation systems for the PHW and to enable its collective action at the macro level in the event of a health crisis, we systematically analyzed documented evidence on the PHW. A systematic review was selected to answer the research questions: (1) what are the most effective aspects and characteristics in identified programs (standards or activities) in professional credentialing and regulation of the PHW and (2) what are common evidence-based aspects and characteristics for the performance standards to support a qualified and competent PHW? The identification of professional credentialing systems and available practices of the PHW was performed systematically using a systematic review of international resources in the specialized literature published in English. The PRISMA framework was used to verify the reporting of combined findings from three databases: Google Scholar (GS), PubMed (PM), and Web of Science (WoS). The original search covered the period from 2000 until 2022. Out of 4839 citations based on the initial search, 71 publications were included in our review. Most of the studies were conducted in the US, UK, New Zealand, Canada, and Australia; one study was conducted in an international context for professional credentialing and regulation of the PHW. The review presents specific professional regulation and credentialing approaches without favoring one of the proposed methods. Our review was limited to articles focused on professional credentialing and regulation of the PHW in the specialized literature published in English and did not include a review of primary PHW development sources from international organizations. The process and requirements are unique processes displaying knowledge, competencies, and expertise, regardless of the field of practice. Continuous education, self-regulatory, and evidence-based approach can be seen as common characteristics for the performance standards on both community and national levels. Certification and regulation standards should be based on competencies that are currently used in practice. Therefore, answering questions about what criteria would be used, what is the process operation, what educational background the candidate should have, re-examination, and training are essential for a competent and responsive PHW and could stimulate the motivation of the PHW.
Accumulation Potential Cadmium and Lead by Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Citric and Glutaric Acid-Assisted Phytoextraction
Authors: Niu Zhixin , Li Xiaojun , Mahamood Mohammad
Published: February 2023

Organic acid assistance is one of the effective methods for phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. In this experiment, the addition of citric and glutaric acids was selected to improve the accumulation of cadmium and lead by Helianthus annuus L. Results showed that citric and glutaric acids elevated the growth of the plants and stimulated Cd/Pb uptake by plant in single Cd/Pb treatments, but glutaric acid showed inhibitory action on the uptake of metals in complex treatments. Organic acids impacted the translocation of Cd/Pb differently, and citric acids (30 mg·L−1) enhanced the translocation of Cd to aerial parts of the plants in Cd (5 mg·kg−1) and Cd (10 mg·kg−1) plus Pb treatments. Glutaric acid (30 mg·L−1) could promote the translocation factors in the complex treatments of Cd (5 mg·kg−1) with Pb (50, 100 mg·kg−1) added. The application of citric and glutaric acid could be conducive to increase floral growth when proper doses are used, and incorporation of these organic acids can be a useful approach to assist cadmium and lead uptake by sunflower. However, growth, bioaccumulation, and translocation of metals may differ due to the metals’ property, kinds, and concentrations of organic acids.
Risk of Subsequent Preeclampsia by Maternal Country of Birth: A Norwegian Population-Based Study
Authors: Mæland Karolina S. , Morken Nils-Halvdan , Schytt Erica , Aasheim Vigdis , Nilsen Roy M.
Published: February 2023

In this nationwide population-based study, we investigated the associations of preeclampsia in the first pregnancy with the risk of preeclampsia in the second pregnancy, by maternal country of birth using data from the Medical Birth Registry of Norway and Statistics Norway (1990–2016). The study population included 101,066 immigrant and 544,071 non-immigrant women. Maternal country of birth was categorized according to the seven super-regions of the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD). The associations between preeclampsia in the first pregnancy with preeclampsia in the second pregnancy were estimated using log-binomial regression models, using no preeclampsia in the first pregnancy as the reference. The associations were reported as adjusted risk ratios (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI), adjusted for chronic hypertension, year of first childbirth, and maternal age at first birth. Compared to those without preeclampsia in the first pregnancy, women with preeclampsia in the first pregnancy were associated with a considerably increased risk of preeclampsia in the second pregnancy in both immigrant (n = 250; 13.4% vs. 1.0%; adjusted RR 12.9 [95% CI: 11.2, 14.9]) and non-immigrant women (n = 2876; 14.6% vs. 1.5%; adjusted RR 9.5 [95% CI: 9.1, 10.0]). Immigrant women from Latin America and the Caribbean appeared to have the highest adjusted RR, followed by immigrant women from North Africa and the Middle East. A likelihood ratio test showed that the variation in adjusted RR across all immigrant and non-immigrant groups was statistically significant (p = 0.006). Our results suggest that the association between preeclampsia in the first pregnancy and preeclampsia in the second pregnancy might be increased in some groups of immigrant women compared with non-immigrant women in Norway.
An Evaluation of Impostor Phenomenon in Data Science Students
Authors: Duncan Lindsay , Taasoobshirazi Gita , Vaudreuil Ashana , Kota Jitendra Sai , Sneha Sweta
Published: February 2023

Impostor Phenomenon (IP), also called impostor syndrome, involves feelings of perceived fraudulence, self-doubt, and personal incompetence that persist despite one’s education, experience, and accomplishments. This study is the first to evaluate the presence of IP among data science students and to evaluate several variables linked to IP simultaneously in a single study evaluating data science. In addition, it is the first study to evaluate the extent to which gender identification is linked to IP. We examined: (1) the degree to which IP exists in our sample; (2) how gender identification is linked to IP; (3) whether there are differences in goal orientation, domain identification, perfectionism, self-efficacy, anxiety, personal relevance, expectancy, and value for different levels of IP; and (4) the extent to which goal orientation, domain identification, perfectionism, self-efficacy, anxiety, personal relevance, expectancy, and value predict IP. We found that most students in the sample showed moderate and frequent levels of IP. Moreover, gender identification was positively related to IP for both males and females. Finally, results indicated significant differences in perfectionism, value, self-efficacy, anxiety, and avoidance goals by IP level and that perfectionism, self-efficacy, and anxiety were particularly noteworthy in predicting IP. Implications of our findings for improving IP among data science students are discussed.
Burnout, Depression, and Job Stress Factors in Healthcare Workers of a Romanian COVID-19 Dedicated Hospital, after Two Pandemic Years
Authors: Briciu Violeta , Leucuta Daniel-Corneliu , Tőkés Gyöngyvér Erika , Colcear Doina
Published: February 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic put unprecedented pressure on all areas of activity, especially healthcare workers. Understanding the psychological response to the pandemic in healthcare workers is an important challenge. This study aims to investigate burnout, depression, and job stress factors in the medical personnel of a COVID-19-dedicated hospital, two years after the beginning of the pandemic. The survey was performed between the fifth and sixth pandemic waves in Romania. Employees of the Clinical Hospital for Infectious Diseases, Cluj-Napoca, completed an online survey using four tools: Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI), the Karasek Job factors questionnaire, and the Patient Health Questionnaire–9 (PHQ-9). A total of 114 employees completed the questionnaire (10.83% of total employees). The results showed 100% prevalence of Maslach burnout (56.1% moderate and severe burnout) and 63.1% prevalence of depression. The infectious disease resident doctors had the highest prevalence of burnout scores, depression, and perceived Karasek job demands. The 22- to 30-year-old age group and the group with fewer than ten years of professional experience had a significantly higher prevalence of burnout and depression than older employees or employees with more professional experience. The COVID-19 pandemic continues to have a high impact on the mental health of healthcare workers.
Spatial Pattern Characteristics and Factors for the Present Status of Rural Settlements in the Lijiang River Basin Based on ArcGIS
Authors: Zheng Wenjun , Cao Wentao , Li Guifang , Zhu Sijia , Zhang Xianyan
Published: February 2023

In China, rural settlements have undergone significant changes in response to dramatic socioeconomic shifts. However, there has not been any report on rural settlements in the Lijiang River Basin. In this study, ArcGIS 10.2 (including hot spot analysis and kernel density estimation) and Fragstats 4.2 (such as the landscape pattern index) software were used to analyze the spatial pattern and causes of rural settlements in the Lijiang River Basin. The Lijiang River Basin is mainly dominated by micro- and small-sized rural settlements with small areas. Moreover, the results of a hot spot analysis showed that micro- and small-sized rural settlements were mainly located in the upper reaches, and medium- and large-sized rural settlements were mainly located in the middle and lower reaches. The kernel density estimation results showed that the distribution characteristics of the rural settlements in the upper, middle, and lower reaches were significantly different. The spatial forms of rural settlements were affected by physiographic factors such as elevation and slope, karst landforms, and river trunk channels as well as the national policy system, tourism economic development, town distribution, historical heritage, and minority culture. This study is the first to systematically elaborate on the rural settlement pattern and its internal logic from the perspective of the Lijiang River Basin, providing a basis for the optimization and construction of the rural settlement pattern.
Personality and Nomophobia: The Role of Dysfunctional Obsessive Beliefs
Authors: García-Masip Victoria , Sora Beatriz , Serrano-Fernandez Maria José , Boada-Grau Joan , Lampert Bettina
Published: February 2023

Background: The development of new technologies (ICTs), and specifically the invention of smartphones, has offered users enormous benefits. However, the use of this technology is sometimes problematic and can negatively affect people’s lives. Nomophobia has been defined as the fear of being unreachable by means of a smartphone and is considered a disorder of the modern world. The present study aims to provide additional evidence of the relationship between personality traits and nomophobia. Moreover, this research explores dysfunctional obsessive beliefs as another possible antecedent. Finally, this study also examines the effect of the combination of these antecedents on nomophobia. Method: The study sample was comprised of Spanish workers (males: 44.54%; females: 55.46%) in the city of Tarragona and its surroundings. Results: Our results showed that nomophobia is directly related to personality traits such as extraversion, and that dysfunctional obsessive beliefs play a role in the development of nomophobia. Moreover, our study confirms that the combination of personality traits and dysfunctional obsessive beliefs can affect the degree of nomophobia experienced. Discussion and Conclusions: Our study contributes to the body of literature that examines how psychological variables of personality can be predictors of nomophobia. Additional research is needed to better understand the determinants of nomophobia.
A Communication-Based Intervention Study for Reducing Stigma and Discrimination against Tuberculosis among Thai High-School Students
Authors: Moonsarn Saowaluk , Kasetjaroen Yuthichai , Bettex-Baars Anne-Marie , Phanumartwiwath Anuchit
Published: February 2023

The current study aims to explore the effectiveness of communication-based intervention on the reduction in TB stigma and discrimination among high-school students in Bangkok, Thailand, during the COVID-19 outbreak. This study is quasi-experimental in nature and is conducted in two high schools (n = 216 students). The study adopts purposive and systematic sampling techniques to select schools and students. The experimental group received a communication program for three months, whereas the control group received no intervention. The study uses generalized estimating equations to assess the overall program between the experimental and control groups at baseline, intervention, and follow-up periods. The outcomes reveal that the communication program effectively reduced TB stigma (p-value < 0.05, CI = 4.962, −1.723) and increased knowledge about TB (p-value < 0.05, CI = 1.825, 2.537), attitudes toward TB (p-value < 0.05, CI = 4.493, 6.280), and self-efficacy on TB stigma and discrimination (p-value < 0.05, CI = 7.133, 9.483) compared with the control group. However, the study finds no significant within- and between-group differences in TB discrimination (p-value > 0.05, CI = −1.398, 0.810). This study is applicable as a supplement for knowledge and attitudes about TB and to the reduction in TB stigma in schools.