bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CORTISOL LEVELS IN CORD BLOOD WITH VARIOUS VIOLATIONS OF NEONATAL ADAPTATION
Authors: Kolesnikova N. I. , Popova A. S. , Sinitskii A. I. , Kozochkin D. A. , Gornostaeva A. B.
Published: August 2015

Shifting extra uterine existence is a serious test of maturity of all functional systems of the newborn , so in recent years, the more attention is payed for the adaptation of the newborn. It is known that the pathological course of pregnancy is a violation of the functional state of the adrenal cortex, and prolonged exposure of the pathological factor leads to the inhibition of adrenocortical function and a decrease of the adaptive capabilities of a newborn. Therefore, serum cortisol levels could be a predictor of complications in preterm infants. Based on this, it seems appropriate to study changes in the content of serum cortisol cord blood prior to the development of various syndromes neonatal maladjustment. The clinical and laboratory examination of term infants with various disorders of adaptation: regurgitation, pain, hyperexcitability , depression , cardio - respiratory depression, bleeding in the skin , toxic erythema. It is shown that the most prominent violations maladjustment processes occur on the background of decreased cortisol. Border states, which are formed on the background of normal or elevated cortisol, are not accompanied by significant impairments of adaptation processes . On the basis of the data was drawn a conclusion about the possibility of using changes of cortisol in cord blood as a reliable indicator of neonatal adaptation processes, pointing to the possibility of the development of pathological conditions.
THE CONCEPT OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES PATHOGENESIS
Authors: Uchaikin V. F. , Shamsheva O. V.
Published: August 2015

In this article a concept of infectious disease pathogenesis as consisted with clinical symptoms is provided. The course of disease, immediate and long term consequences depend on the mode of entry. If the infection comes via oropharynx, airway, gastrointestinal tract or via skin, the immune system provides adequate immune response. This leads to typical symptoms, cyclical clinic progression and usually to the recovery with the formation of full sterile immunity. In case of parenteral way of infection, which includes perinatal way, there is no full mode of entry, the disease takes chronic course involving visceral organs because of different mechanisms of affinity and new tropic organ involving. For the full sanogenesis germ or its mediators should persist in the primary focus of infection. It is suggested, that HIV, HCV, hepatitis B virus, tetanus, rabies and other infectious diseases with inner organs involvement, as well as all slow infections, should be treated as infectious diseases with the parental way of infection, proceeding with affinity changings, which lead to the appearance of new tropic sites in visceral organs. The theory of the mode of entry, affinity, appearance of tropic sites in visceral organs should form the basis of modern infectology.
GLUTATHION AS AN IMPORTANT COMPONENT OF THIOSULFID SYSTEM OF INFERTILITY PATHOGENESIS IN OVERWEIGHT MEN
Authors: Kolesnikova L. I. , Vanteeva O. A. , Kurashova N. A. , Vlasov B. Ya.
Published: August 2015

Aim: to study the glutathionic part of thiosulfid system and oxidative stress in infertile men with different body mass index. Patients and methods: examined 60 infertile men with normal and overweight, and 40 healthy men with proven fertility. Active components of the antioxidant defense system of the body was assessed by the level of reduced and oxidized glutathione by the method of PY Hissin, determination of TBA-active products was carried out by the method VB Gavrilova. In the analysis of inter-group differences for independent samples was used parametric Student criterion. Results: the oxidative stress in obese men was characterized by significant elevation of oxidized form of glutathione (GSSG) in comparison with its reduced form. We discussed our results in the context of GSSG «quantivalence» to numerous of cellular processes in the setting of metabolic disorders in infertile and obese men. The ratio of reduced glutathione to oxidized infertile men decreased by 1,5 times in patients with obesity and 1,2 times in those with normal body mass index. Conclusions: Glutathione is the most important link in the study of oxidative stress in men with infertility. Raising the level of oxidized glutathione is due to the presence of his additional functions that are implemented at higher values of body mass index, especially in association with infertility.
BRAIN BIOELECTRIC ACTIVITY FORMING IN ADOLESCENTS LIVING IN DIFFERENT ENDEMIC GOITER AREA OF EUROPEAN NORTH
Authors: Demin D. B.
Published: August 2015

Northern European regions are goiter endemic and iodine-deficient areas, and also differ in the degree of extreme weather conditions in the Polar and Subpolar latitudes. The age formation of the nervous system in adolescents depends on these discomfort climatic factors. Aim. The study of functional brain activity depending on the thyroid profile in adolescents living in the European North. Patients and methods. 211 adolescents (male and female) aged 15–16 years living in the Subpolar (64°30' N) and Polar (67°40' N) Russian regions were observed. An electroencephalogram in a state of quiet wakefulness with eyes closed monopolar 16 standard leads was recorded. Electroencephalogram characteristic were performed by the values: of the wave amplitudes, index and absolute spectral power in each frequency band: 4–7 Hz, 8–12 Hz and 13–24 Hz. In serum samples by immune-enzyme assay thyrotropin, triiodothyronine and thyroxine levels were determined. All the described changes were statistically significant at p 0,05–0,001. Results. A higher activity of diencephalic subcortical brain structures, expressed in the form of increased θ-activity and photic driver reactions were determined in adolescents living in Polar region. Background thyroid status determines the age formation of brain activity. In adolescents living in the Polar region a high concentration of thyrotropin in the blood and the availability of significant relations with thyroid hormones levels with a brain θ-activity were detected. In adolescents living in Subpolar region is more intense age optimization of neural processes, as well as the greatest number of neuro-endocrine relationships.
CHANGES IN AUDITORY FUNCTION DURING FIRST 6 MONTHS IN PREMATURE CHILDREN WITH INTRAUTERINE GROWTH RETARDATION
Authors: Rakhmanova I. V. , Sichinava L. G. , D'yakonova I. N. , Ledovskikh Yu. A. , Zinker G. M.
Published: August 2015

Aim: To define an influence of  intrauterine growth restriction to forming of hearing function of preterm infants. Patients and methods. The audiological test by the method of distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) was performed 3 times (during supposed dates of birth; 3 months old; 6 months old) in 136 premature children born while different gestation periods. Children were divided into 2 groups: premature children with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and premature children with normal weight for their gestation age (normotrophy). Results. During checkup in supposed date of birth of children with IUGR, DPOAE was detected less than children with normotrophy and with the same gestation period. Test results in all 3 months old premature children of gestation period less than 32 weeks were significantly lower in comparison with children of another date of gestation. Results in 6 months old children with IUGR and with normotrophy were almost identical. In 17% of children with IUGR born at term gestation less than 32 weeks of auditory function is not available. Children with normotrophy from the same subgroup lack of auditory function were noted in 12% of cases. Conclusions. Premature children with IUGR maturing of auditory function is likely not to end in 6 months and can continue after 6 months.
NANOPARTICLES AS DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR ANTITUBERCULOUS DRUGS
Authors: Sanzhakov M. A. , Ipatova O. M. , Torkhovskaya T. I. , Prozorovskii V. N. , Tikhonova E. G. , Druzhilovskaya O. S. , Medvedeva N. V.
Published: August 2015

The increase of tuberculosis incidence in last decade stimulated elaboration of both new antituberculous drugs and also searches of optimizing delivery systems for existing drugs. It is determined by their side effects and low bioavailability of effective first line  drug rifampicin. Various nanosystems for transport of antituberculous drugs are considered on the basis of various polymers, liposomes, lipid nanoparticles, nanoemulsios, nanosuspensions, dendrimers, cyclodextrines. Influence of drug incorporation into nanoparticles, most often for rifampicin, on pharmacokinetics and efficiency in tuberculosis models is discussed. The most of works are devoted to polymer nanoparticles for oral administration where increased circulation time and efficiency were shown. The best results were observed after drug inclusion into solid lipid nanoparticles. The liposomes formulations were investigated mostly for inhalation and injection administrations. Positive results were also observed. Authors underline the viability of incorporation of antituberculous drugs into phospholipid nanoparticles that may increase intestinal absorption and bioavailability. It is confirmed by authors’ own data that showed increase of rifampicin efficiency after their incorporation into such nanoparticles.
Migration and Mobility in Rachid Nini’s  Diario de un ilegal
Authors: Shepherd N. Michelle
Published: August 2015

N/A
Siclaco, Serapio y Calandraco: una caracterización del teatro breve en la Provincia de Costarrica
Authors: Sancho Dobles Leonardo
Published: August 2015

N/A
Dos loas novohispanas para la representación de El Escondido y la Tapada, de Pedro Calderón de la Barca
Authors: Rodríguez Hernández Dalmacio
Published: August 2015

N/A
La función de la poesía en El desierto prodigioso y prodigio del desierto de Pedro de Solís y Valenzuela
Authors: Atehortúa Atehortúa Arbey
Published: August 2015

N/A
Impact of new regulations on clinical trials in India
Authors: Chawan Vihang S. , Gawand Kalpesh V. , Phatak Abhishek M.
Published: August 2015

Background: India is one of the major destination for conducting clinical trials. The Drug Controller General of India (DCGI) is the governing body responsible for all pharmaceutical-research and regulatory issues in India. While conducting clinical trials in India, regulations have come to ensure safety and wellbeing of the study subjects in the trial. The present study was planned to see the number of trials approved by DCGI and their trend over the last 8 years in view of new regulatory guidelines.

Methods: Data obtained from website of the Regulatory Authority i.e. Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) regarding DGCI Approval of clinical trials from 2007 till 2014 are noted for analysis.

Results: Total 1799 Trials Approved. 2007 had lowest approvals with 3 clinical trials & 2010 being highest with 500 trial approvals. Mean ± SD Approval of 224.88 ± 172.46 with Median rate of 206 per year was observed. Trend of Trials approved by DCGI shows sharp peak around 2008-2010 which follows sharp fall around 2013.

Conclusion: The present study highlights the impact of these new regulations on Clinical Trials registered for approval of DCGI.
Levantamento da disponibilidade de dados hidrométricos na Paraíba - Brasil
Authors: Sousa Katherine da Silva , Dantas Iury Araujo Macêdo , Sá Gabriela Braga de , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: August 2015

A limitação dos recursos hídricos na atualidade é um dos principais entraves para o desenvolvimento econômico e social, e leva a muitos desafios para o planejamento e gerenciamento deste recurso. O levantamento das informações e dados necessários para elaboração de estudos hidrológicos é realizado através de estações hidrométricas, cujas séries de dados têm sua importância proporcional à sua extensão temporal. O presente estudo objetiva elaborar um levantamento das estações pluviométricas e fluviométricas com existência e disponibilidade de dados de chuva e vazão das bacias hidrográficas do estado da Paraíba. O levantamento foi elaborado junto à Rede Hidrometeorológica Nacional da Agência Nacional de Águas – ANA, obtidos a partir seu portal Hidroweb, onde são disponibilizados os dados hidrológicos em séries históricas. Foram identificadas 79 estações pluviométricas e 20 estações fluviométricas com dados existentes na Paraíba, após esse levantamento foi elaborado um mapa temático para visualização as estações que correspondem a cada bacia do estado da Paraíba, a fim de auxiliar na análise dos resultados, onde mostrou que as estações hidrométricas se encontram distribuídas de forma diversificada nas 11 bacias hidrográficas do estado, apresentando bacias sem dados de chuva e vazão disponíveis.
Gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos no município de São Bentinho-PB – Brasil
Authors: Sousa Katherine da Silva , Dantas Iury Araujo Macêdo , Sá Gabriela Braga de , Andrade Anderson Bruno Anacleto de , Maracajá Patrício Borges
Published: August 2015

O gerenciamento inadequado dos resíduos sólidos urbanos acarreta inúmeros impactos no meio ambiente, alterando suas características físicas, químicas e biológicas. A ausência de tratamentos adequados para resíduos sólidos urbanos aliados a disposição incorreta torna-se um grande problema de ordem estética e uma alarmante ameaça à saúde pública. Assim, para que o gerenciamento adequado dos resíduos sólidos urbanos seja executado de acordo a legislação vigente é necessários mecanismo e estratégias para o manejo dos resíduos desde sua origem até sua disposição ambientalmente adequada. Este trabalho tem por objetivo diagnosticar o atual processo de gerenciamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos do município de São Bentinho-PB, e propor o gerenciamento dos mesmos de maneira mais adequada diante das condições locais. A metodologia de diagnóstico fundamentou-se num levantamento bibliográfico, entrevista ao órgão competente e a aplicação de questionários a população do município. Com o resultado deste estudo foi notório que a maioria da população necessita ser informada sobre as questões ambientais, para que exerçam sua responsabilidade no gerenciamento do lixo. O poder público municipal não tem tomado nenhuma providência para minimizar os impactos relacionados ao gerenciamento impróprio de seus resíduos, é necessário incentivos e ações para conscientização da população em relação à educação ambiental.

Management of municipal solid waste in the city of São Bentinho-PB – Brazil

Inadequate management of municipal solid waste entails numerous impacts on the environment by changing its physical, chemical and biological characteristics. The absence of appropriate treatments for solid urban waste coupled with incorrect disposal becomes a problem of aesthetic and an alarming threat public health. So for the proper management of municipal solid waste is implemented in accordance with current legislation is needed mechanism and strategies for the management of waste from its origin to its environmentally sound disposal. This study aims to diagnose the current management process of municipal solid waste in the municipality of São Bento-PB, and propose the management of these more adequately on the local conditions. The diagnostic methodology was based on a literature review, interview with the competent body and the application of questionnaires to municipal population. With the result of this study it was noticeable that most of the population needs to be informed about environmental issues, to exercise their responsibility in managing waste. The municipal government has not taken any steps to minimize impacts related to improper management of their waste, we need incentives and actions for public awareness on environmental education.
AÇÕES DE EDUCAÇÃO PERMANENTE NA SAÚDE PÚBLICA BRASILEIRA: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA
Authors: Garcia Cíntia Aparecida , Meneguci Joilson , Bastos Marisa Antonini Ribeiro
Published: August 2015

O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar as ações de educação permanente realizadas na área dasaúde pública no Brasil. Tratou-se de uma pesquisa exploratório-descritiva, do tipo revisãointegrativa, realizada em outubro de 2013, sem recorte temporal e orientada a partir da seguintequestão: quais ações de educação permanente têm sido realizadas na área da saúde públicabrasileira? A população do estudo foi constituída pela produção científica, relacionada ao temaeducação permanente em saúde pública, consultada nas bases de dados SciELO, LILACS e PortalPeriódico CAPES. A amostra foi composta por 16 artigos. Se por um lado os artigos apontarammudanças no contexto da saúde e educação profissional, por outro foi encontrado que ainda hádesafios a serem vencidos. Cabe aos agentes formadores estabelecerem um processo educativoque possibilite aos trabalhadores de saúde pensar por si mesmos, enfrentar as contradições dasociedade e utilizar novas tecnologias para compreendê-las e transformá-las.
PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE: BENEFÍCIOS ATRAVÉS DA DANÇA
Authors: Andrade Luana Foroni , Coimbra Marli Aparecida Reis , Carbinatto Michele Viviene , Miranzi Mário Alfredo , Pedrosa Leila Aparecida Kauchakje
Published: August 2015

O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar a vivência, perspectivas e benefícios da dança em um projeto deextensão universitária fundamentada na Política Nacional de Promoção da Saúde (PNPS). Trata-sede um relato de experiência surgido a partir da disciplina de um curso de mestrado junto aoprojeto de extensão que reafirmou a dança e a atividade física como ferramentas importantes nabusca por melhores condições de saúde e bem-estar. Os três eixos analisados foram: perspectiva,benefícios e vivência, apontando a dança como uma importante ferramenta na busca pormelhores condições de saúde, ressaltando benefícios como: diminuição da dor, melhoria naautoestima e redução da timidez, aumento da sensação de bem estar e da capacidade desuperação, melhora nos relacionamentos interpessoais, maior rendimento acadêmico e aumentono cuidado com o corpo.
Health Care Costs 1 Year After Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Graves Janessa M. , Rivara Frederick P. , Vavilala Monica S.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. This study sought to estimate total health care costs for mild, moderate, and severe pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to compare individual- and population-level costs across levels of TBI severity.

Methods. Using 2007 to 2010 MarketScan Commercial Claims and Encounters data, we estimated total quarterly health care costs 1 year after TBI among enrollees (aged < 18 years). We compared costs across levels of TBI severity using generalized linear models.

Results. Mild TBI accounted for 96.6% of the 319 103 enrollees with TBI; moderate and severe TBI accounted for 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively. Adjusted individual health care costs for moderate and severe TBI were significantly higher than mild TBI in the year after injury (P < .01). At the population level, moderate and severe TBI costs were 88% and 75% less than mild TBI, respectively.

Conclusions. Individually, moderate and severe TBI initially generated costs that were markedly higher than those of mild TBI. At the population level, costs following mild TBI far exceeded those of more severe cases, a result of the extremely high population burden of mild TBI.
Public Support for Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act Point-of-Sale Provisions: Results of a National Study
Authors: Rose Shyanika W. , Emery Sherry L. , Ennett Susan , McNaughton Reyes Heath Luz , Scott John C. , Ribisl Kurt M.
Published: August 2015

Objectives. We assessed public and smoker support for enacted and potential point-of-sale (POS) tobacco-control policies under the Family Smoking Prevention and Tobacco Control Act.

Methods. We surveyed a US nationally representative sample of 17 507 respondents (6595 smokers) in January through February 2013, and used linear regression to calculate weighted point estimates and identify factors associated with support for POS policies among adults and smokers.

Results. Overall, nonsmokers were more supportive than were smokers. Regardless of smoking status, African Americans, Hispanics, women, and those of older ages were more supportive than White, male, and younger respondents, respectively. Policy support varied by provision. More than 80% of respondents supported minors’ access restrictions and more than 45% supported graphic warnings. Support was lowest for plain packaging (23%), black-and-white advertising (26%), and a ban on menthol cigarettes (36%).

Conclusions. Public support for marketing and POS provisions is low relative to other areas of tobacco control. Tobacco-control advocates and the Food and Drug Administration should build on existing levels of public support to promote and maintain evidence-based, but controversial, policy changes in the retail environment.
Smoking Norms and the Regulation of E-Cigarettes
Authors: Voigt Kristin
Published: August 2015

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS)—commonly called e-cigarettes—are at the center of a polarized debate. How should they be regulated? Central to this debate is the concern that e-cigarettes could lead to the renormalization of smoking and that the regulation of ENDS should therefore be modeled on the regulation of conventional cigarettes.

I argue that arguments based on the renormalization of smoking can lend support to restrictions on marketing of ENDS, but that such arguments are problematic when used to justify restrictions on where ENDS can be used.

The debate has been insufficiently sensitive to the ethical complexities of attempts to manipulate social norms to change health behaviors; these complexities must also inform the debate about ENDS and their regulation.
Do Osteoblastoma and Osteoid Osteoma Represent the Same Pathologic Entity?
Authors: Thompson Matthew J. , Domson Gregory , Dragoescu Ema
Published: August 2015

Case:

We present the case of a fourteen-year-old boy with a benign diaphyseal femoral lesion that initially fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for osteoid osteoma but rapidly progressed and was finally diagnosed as osteoblastoma.

Conclusion:

Clinical and radiographic criteria provide imperfect and somewhat arbitrary distinguishing features between osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma. Although previous work highlighted the importance of histologic interpretation in this regard, recent comparative histologic and immunohistochemical evaluations failed to differentiate the two. We conclude that consideration should be given to the classification of osteoid osteoma and osteoblastoma as the same pathologic entity, with treatment based on presentation along a continuum of aggressiveness, and that future directions for study may include identification of factors predictive of progression and/or recurrence.
Compressive Ulnar Neuropathy Due to a Ganglion Cyst and Thickened Cubital Tunnel Retinaculum Fifty Years After Osteomyelitis Variolosa of the Elbow
Authors: Balachandar Gopalan , Reddy Mudiam Narayana
Published: August 2015

Case:

Ulnar neuropathy developed acutely in a fifty-four-year-old man with an arthritic and deformed elbow as the result of osteomyelitis variolosa, a complication of smallpox, which he contracted at the age of five years. Intraoperatively, a ganglion cyst arising from the joint and a pathologically thick cubital tunnel retinaculum were found to be compressing the nerve. Surgical excision of the ganglion, release of the cubital tunnel retinaculum, and anterior transposition of the ulnar nerve resulted in substantial clinical improvement at one year.

Conclusion:

The deformity and limited motion that can develop in the elbow over time following osteomyelitis variolosa may predispose the patient to ulnar neuropathy caused by a ganglion cyst arising in the compromised cubital tunnel.
Septic Arthritis of the Hip in the Setting of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis
Authors: Acker William B. , Nixon Star L. , Lee John J. , Jacobson Nathan A. , Haftel Hilary , Farley Frances A.
Published: August 2015

Case:

A twenty-two-month-old boy with septic hip arthritis had persistent elevated inflammatory markers and daily fevers despite multiple antibiotic regimens and repeated surgical debridements yielding negative cultures. After exhaustive work-up for other infectious, rheumatologic, and immunologic etiologies, he met diagnostic criteria for hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and developed cultures positive for fungal hip arthritis. Following treatment for HLH and fungal hip arthritis, he improved and was discharged.

Conclusion:

No previous report in the literature specifically associates HLH with septic hip arthritis, to our knowledge. Surgeons should suspect underlying immunologic deficiencies and atypical infectious causes of septic arthritis when usual treatment modalities have failed.
Monitoring, Maintenance of Mooring Systems Help to Extend Design Life of Production Facilities
Authors: Furlow William
Published: August 2015

The key to extending the life of floating production units is to accomplish what needs to be done safely, economically, and without shutting in the wells. Deepwater mooring systems are designed with redundancies in place, but without proper maintenance and monitoring they may fail without the operator's knowledge, leading to a possible unzipping, or total failure, of the system.
Risk-Based Analysis and Engineering of Safe Distances Between Occupied Structures and Processing Equipment
Authors: Johnstone J. E. , Spangler M. D. , Heitzman C. S. , Wimberley G. A. , Flores A. R.
Published: August 2015

Determining the optimal distance between explosive, flammable, and toxic hydrocarbon sources and occupied structures is a constant concern for engineers working to design safe facilities. Over the years, many incidents have occurred during which workers were injured or killed by flying shards of glass and debris, explosive forces, fire, or exposure to toxic gases when occupied structures were not located properly in relation to process equipment. This paper presents newly developed techniques to allow the engineer to locate occupied structures optimally to ensure that the risk of harm to personnel is minimized.

The analysis of determining the placement for an occupied structure involves many variables that the engineer must evaluate. These variables include the properties of the hydrocarbons that are being processed, toxic components (e.g., hydrogen sulfide), operating parameters, loss-of-containment scenarios, prevailing winds, occupancy loads, building construction, safety systems, and operating and maintenance practices. Each of these different variables can have a significant impact on where a building should be located within or adjacent to a facility. The engineer must consider these variables for impacts to the structure cause by fire, blast, or toxic-gas infiltration.

Recognized industry best practices and regulatory requirements require that blast loads, which commonly present the most-severe hazard to a building, be evaluated when locating an occupied structure. Often, it is not practical to design or locate a building to withstand the ’worst-case’ blast scenario. For this reason, a risk-based approach, in conformance with recognized best practices, has been developed to site buildings properly at oil and gas facilities.

This paper presents a viable risk-based approach for the siting of occupied structures at oil and gas facilities. The technique presented in the paper enables the engineer to gather the information needed for the analysis quickly, evaluate credible scenarios, and then make the necessary calculations to determine impacts to the occupants. The result of using this technique is that an occupied structure is located properly and constructed to reduce the risk of harm to the occupants to a tolerable level.
Challenges in a Multidisciplinary Approach for Explosion Design for Floating Facilities
Authors: Paris Laurent , Cahay Marc
Published: August 2015

Floating-liquefied-natural-gas (FLNG) units have been under development for decades. They are now becoming a reality, combining the design and installation of liquefied-natural-gas (LNG) units with a traditional floating production, storage, and offloading facility. Because FLNG facilities handle large flammable-gas quantities in a relatively small and congested environment compared with onshore LNG plants, the explosion risk is expected to be higher than that for some other offshore floating facilities. As a consequence, the intensity of the resulting blast loads on the unit can be more severe, even if the likelihood of explosion in the design is considered to be low through frequency analysis.

Even if prevention and mitigation measures are implemented to reduce risk to as low as reasonably practicable, safety-critical elements (SCEs) such as main equipment and structures should be designed to withstand the blast event. Because the explosion events are very specific (high intensity and short duration), the common design rules and tools should be updated to take into account this accidental event. In addition, the associated performance criteria for SCEs should be modified. Finally, the entire design should comply with safety objectives (personnel protection, prevention of escalation).

This paper focuses on the philosophy of design against a blast event on floating facilities in general, but with a particular focus on FLNG units. It will review the critical functions of the unit that must be maintained during emergency evacuation to protect people and identify the key parameters governing the explosion strength on floating facilities. It will show that the derivation of effective explosion loads on structures and equipment on the basis of computational-fluid-dynamics simulations is not straightforward and requires expertise in explosion modeling and explosion response. The paper will also show how all the engineering disciplines in Technip individually apply these blast loads in their designs through nonlinear-finite-element analysis. Finally, the paper will highlight the interface between the engineering disciplines and how a consistent demonstration through the design can be achieved to fulfill the safety goals, taking engineering further.
Comparing prasugrel to twice daily clopidogrel post percutaneous coronary intervention in a Veterans Affairs population
Authors: Khatri Samreen , Pierce Tamra
Published: August 2015

Objective

The purpose of this study was to compare various antiplatelet regimens in patients who experienced increased platelet reactivity on clopidogrel therapy with regards to cardiovascular outcomes, including need for revascularization, myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, and cardiovascular (CV) death.

Methods

A retrospective chart review was conducted on patients who received percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) at the Richard L. Roudebush Veterans Affairs Medical Center and were subsequently prescribed either clopidogrel 75 mg twice daily, prasugrel 10 mg daily, or clopidogrel 75 mg daily with high platelet reactivity between October 1, 2009 and November 30, 2010. Correlations between antiplatelet regimens and prevention of cardiovascular outcomes and bleeding events were evaluated. Groups were evaluated statistically as two separate comparisons; the first comparison being clopidogrel twice daily versus prasugrel and the second comparison being clopidogrel twice daily versus clopidogrel daily in those patients with a P2Y12 test result of less than 50%.

Results

A total of 108 patients were included in the study. Eight events occurred in the clopidogrel twice daily group (n = 26), including five revascularizations and three MIs. Seven events occurred in the prasugrel group (n = 64), including two revascularizations, two MIs, two strokes, and one CV death. The difference between these groups was statistically significant (p = 0.031), with patients in the prasugrel group experiencing fewer events. Five events occurred in the clopidogrel daily group (n = 18), including one need for revascularization, two MIs, and two instances of CV death. There were no statistically significant differences in CV events between the clopidogrel twice daily group and clopidogrel daily group (p > 0.999). There were also no statistically significant differences in bleeding incidents for either of the comparisons; p > 0.999 and p = 0.676 respectively for the first and second comparisons.

Conclusion

Patients on prasugrel had fewer cardiovascular events as compared to patients on clopidogrel twice daily with no difference in bleeding events. No difference was seen with regards to cardiovascular or bleeding events when comparing clopidogrel twice daily to clopidogrel daily in patients with increased platelet reactivity. Study results suggest that there is no benefit to dosing clopidogrel twice daily when compared to either prasugrel or once daily clopidogrel dosing.
Pécher par excès de confiance ?
Authors: Brûlé-Gapihan Élodie , Boudes Mélissa
Published: August 2015

Si les bienfaits de la confiance dans les relations de collaboration font l’objet de nombreuses études, ses effets indésirables sont peu traités. En questionnant le processus d’institutionnalisation de la confiance et notamment les mécanismes de reproduction automatique de la confiance qui en résultent, l’étude de cas tend à pallier ce manque. à partir d’entretiens et d’analyses documentaires, les auteurs retracent l’histoire d’une coopérative d’activité et d’emploi, et mettent en lumière le processus de construction d’un excès de confiance. Dans leur cas, le contexte dans lequel la relation de collaboration voit le jour est caractérisé par une prégnance des mécanismes informels et une forte imbrication des acteurs. Ceci facilite l’apparition de biais cognitifs agissant sur le processus d’institutionnalisation de la confiance et débouchant sur un excès de confiance.
Qu’il est bon d’être méchant !
Authors: Roulet Thomas
Published: August 2015

Cet article étudie le lien entre légitimité et illégitimité organisationnelles. L’auteur combine analyse de contenu média et approches quantitatives pour explorer cette relation dans le contexte des banques d’investissement aux états- Unis. Parce que l’illégitimité peut paradoxalement signaler l’adhérence à des normes en vigueur dans un champ organisationnel, les banques les plus attaquées par la presse sont aussi considérées comme les plus prestigieuses par leurs pairs.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Novel Xanthone Sulfonamides
Authors: Malekpoor Mina , Gharaghani Sajjad , Sharifzadeh Ali , Mirsattari Syied Nezamoddin , Massah Ahmad Reza
Published: August 2015

Twenty novel 4-(N-substituted-sulfonamide) derivatives of xanthone have been prepared from the 4-sulfonyl chloride of 1-hydroxy-3-methoxyxanthone and a variety of alkylamines and arylamines under mild conditions and their in vitro anti-bacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli have been determined
An Efficient Synthesis of Ceritinib (LDK378) Using a Sandmeyer Reaction
Authors: Liu Haidong , Li Yuan , Wang Dongdong , Qin Yu , Ji Min
Published: August 2015

A convenient route for the synthesis of Novartis's second-generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase inhibitor Ceritinib (LDK378) involving starting materials that are commercially available has been achieved. The procedure employed mild reaction conditions and avoided the use of expensive reagents compared to the original synthetic route reported by Novartis. More importantly, gram scale synthesis was accomplished and this protocol could be valid in drug discovery synthesis.
An ice-core record of Antarctic sea-ice extent in the southern Indian Ocean for the past 300 years
Authors: Xiao C. , Dou T. , Sneed S.B. , Li R. , Allison I.
Published: August 2015

The differing response of ice extent in the Arctic and Antarctic to global average temperature change, over approximately the last three decades, highlights the importance of reconstructing long-term sea-ice history. Here, using high-resolution ice-core records of methane-sulfonate (MS–) from the East Antarctic ice sheet in Princess Elizabeth Land, we reconstruct southern Indian Ocean sea-ice extent (SIE) for the sector 62–92° E for the period AD 1708–2000. Annual MS– concentration positively correlates in this sector with satellite-derived SIE for the period 1979–2000 (r2 = 0.25, P < 0.02). The 293 year MS– record of proxy SIE shows multi-decadal variations, with large decreases occurring in two warm intervals during the Little Ice Age, and during the 1940s. It is very likely that the global temperature is the controlling factor of Antarctic sea-ice variation at the centennial scale, although there has been a change in phase between them in recent decades.
Effect of glabridinon on insulin resistance, C-reactive protein and endothelial function in young women with polycystic ovary syndrome
Authors: Luan Bing-Guo , Sun Cai-Xia
Published: August 2015

In the present study 32 women with polycystic ovary syndrome were treated with glabridin (10 µM ) daily for 12 months. The results revealed a significant reduction in serum testosterone from 95.3 ± 23.6 to 49.8 ± 12.7 ng/dL and fasting insulin concentrations from 12.3 ± 5.2 to 8.11 ± 3.42 U/mL after glabridin treatment. It also leads to a marked improvement in insulin resistance indices and reduction in hirsutism score from 12.8 ± 3.2 to 7.0 ± 3.5. More interestingly, all the women reverted to regular menstrual cycles. The sex hormone-binding globulin level increased significantly from 23.1 ± 5.6 to 52.5 ± 15.8 nmol/L after glabridin treatment. The levels of serum hsCRP decreased from 0.32 ± 0.08 to 0.06 ± 0.01 mg/dL and that of endothelium-dependent vascular responses from 17.2 ± 4.3 to 8.8 ± 2.4% after glabridin treatment. Therefore, glabridin acts as a potent candidate for the improve-ment of insulin sensitivity and androgen production.

 
Quality analysis of different marketed brands of paracetamol available in Bangladesh
Authors: Kar Auditi , Amin Mohammad Nurul , Hossain Mohammad Salim , Mukul Md. Emdadul Hasan , Rashed Md. Saif Uddin , Ibrahim Md.
Published: August 2015

Paracetamol is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug worldwide. The present study was conducted to analyze the quality of seven marketed brands of paracetamol tablet formulation manufactured by different multinational and national companies. The tablet formulations of different brands were tested for various parameters like weight variation, hardness, friability, disintegration time and dissolution profile using standard techniques to evaluate their quality. The values were compared with the standards. Weight variation value requirement was complied by all brands. All studied samples except two local products complied with the standard specification for tablet hardness. All brands showed impressive friability values and products of multinational companies comparatively exhibited the highest values. Disintegration time for all brands was within 15 minutes also complying the USP (United State of Pharmacopeia) recommendation. Moreover, the release rate of different brands of paracetamol was satisfactory within 45 minutes and ranged from 79.82% to 103.53%. Therefore, it can be concluded that almost all the brands of paracetamol that are available in Bangladesh meet the USP specification for quality control analysis.Kar et al., International Current Pharmaceutical Journal, August 2015, 4(9): 432-435
Relevance of Natural Phenolics from Grape and Derivative Products in the Formulation of Cosmetics
Authors: Soto María , Falqué Elena , Domínguez Herminia
Published: August 2015

The consumer demand for natural ingredients in cosmetic products is increasing. Phenolic compounds are among the most studied natural antioxidant compounds, they also present antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or antiaging actions and can permeate through the skin barrier. Grapes contain valuable phenolic components and grape byproducts are widely available low cost raw materials. This review presents an overview of the application of phenolic compounds from grape products and byproducts as sources of natural ingredients for cosmetics.
Readiness Visual Analog Scale: A Simple Way to Predict Post-Stroke Smoking Behavior
Authors: Bienkowski Przemyslaw , Zatorski Pawel , Glebicka Agata , Scinska Anna , Kurkowska-Jastrzebska Iwona , Restel Magdalena , Samochowiec Jerzy , Ryglewicz Danuta , Sienkiewicz-Jarosz Halina
Published: August 2015

Background and Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess a relationship between readiness to quit and post-stroke smoking behavior. Methods: Eighty-six active smokers with first-ever ischemic stroke were recruited in a tertiary-care stroke unit. The question “Are you ready to quit smoking within the next month?” with yes/no responses and the 10-cm readiness visual analog scale (VAS) was administered during the anti-smoking intervention. Smoking status was verified at the 3- and 12-month follow-up. Results: The readiness VAS score at hospitalization was significantly lower in patients classified as smokers as compared to patients classified as non-smokers. The readiness score <5 cm was a significant predictor of smoking at the 3-month (OR, 7.3) and 12-month follow-up (OR, 4.9). Conclusions: The present results suggest that the readiness VAS can be used as a simple and inexpensive instrument for early identification of patients who continue to smoke after stroke.
Lead Poisoning Disturbs Oligodendrocytes Differentiation Involved in Decreased Expression of NCX3 Inducing Intracellular Calcium Overload
Authors: Ma Teng , Wu Xiyan , Cai Qiyan , Wang Yun , Xiao Lan , Tian Yanping , Li Hongli
Published: August 2015

Lead (Pb) poisoning has always been a serious health concern, as it permanently damages the central nervous system. Chronic Pb accumulation in the human body disturbs oligodendrocytes (OLs) differentiation, resulting in dysmyelination, but the molecular mechanism remains unknown. In this study, Pb at 1 μM inhibits OLs precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation via decreasing the expression of Olig 2, CNPase proteins in vitro. Moreover, Pb treatment inhibits the sodium/calcium exchanger 3 (NCX3) mRNA expression, one of the major means of calcium (Ca2+) extrusion at the plasma membrane during OPCs differentiation. Also addition of KB-R7943, NCX3 inhibitor, to simulate Pb toxicity, resulted in decreased myelin basic protein (MBP) expression and cell branching. Ca2+ response trace with Pb and KB-R7943 treatment did not drop down in the same recovery time as the control, which elevated intracellular Ca2+ concentration reducing MBP expression. In contrast, over-expression of NCX3 in Pb exposed OPCs displayed significant increase MBP fluorescence signal in positive regions and CNPase expression, which recovered OPCs differentiation to counterbalance Pb toxicity. In conclusion, Pb exposure disturbs OLs differentiation via affecting the function of NCX3 by inducing intracellular calcium overload.
Route and Regulation of Zinc, Cadmium, and Iron Transport in Rice Plants (Oryza sativa L.) during Vegetative Growth and Grain Filling: Metal Transporters, Metal Speciation, Grain Cd Reduction and Zn and Fe Biofortification
Authors: Yoneyama Tadakatsu , Ishikawa Satoru , Fujimaki Shu
Published: August 2015

Zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe) are essential but are sometimes deficient in humans, while cadmium (Cd) is toxic if it accumulates in the liver and kidneys at high levels. All three are contained in the grains of rice, a staple cereal. Zn and Fe concentrations in rice grains harvested under different levels of soil/hydroponic metals are known to change only within a small range, while Cd concentrations show greater changes. To clarify the mechanisms underlying such different metal contents, we synthesized information on the routes of metal transport and accumulation in rice plants by examining metal speciation, metal transporters, and the xylem-to-phloem transport system. At grain-filling, Zn and Cd ascending in xylem sap are transferred to the phloem by the xylem-to-phloem transport system operating at stem nodes. Grain Fe is largely derived from the leaves by remobilization. Zn and Fe concentrations in phloem-sap and grains are regulated within a small range, while Cd concentrations vary depending on xylem supply. Transgenic techniques to increase concentrations of the metal chelators (nicotianamine, 2′-deoxymugineic acid) are useful in increasing grain Zn and Fe concentrations. The elimination of OsNRAMP5 Cd-uptake transporter and the enhancement of root cell vacuolar Cd sequestration reduce uptake and root-to-shoot transport, respectively, resulting in a reduction of grain Cd accumulation.
Ocean-Atmosphere CO2 Fluxes in the North Atlantic Subtropical Gyre: Association with Biochemical and Physical Factors during Spring
Authors: Burgos Macarena , Sendra Marta , Ortega Teodora , Ponce Rocio , Gómez-Parra Abelardo , Forja Jesús
Published: August 2015

Sea surface partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) was measured continuously in a transect of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre between Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic (18.1° N, 68.5° W) and Vigo, Spain (41.9° N, 11.8° W) during spring 2011. Additional biogeochemical and physical variables measured to identify factors controlling the surface pCO2 were analyzed in discrete samples collected at 16 sites along the transect at the surface and to a depth of 200 m. Sea surface pCO2 varied between 309 and 662 μatm, and showed differences between the western and eastern subtropical gyre. The subtropical gyre acted as a net CO2 sink, with a mean flux of −5.5 ± 2.2 mmol m−2 day−1. The eastern part of the transect, close to the North Atlantic Iberian upwelling off the Galician coast, was a CO2 source with an average flux of 33.5 ± 9.0 mmol m−2 day−1. Our results highlight the importance of making more surface pCO2 observations in the area located east of the Azores Islands since air-sea CO2 fluxes there are poorly studied.
Sustained Administration of Hormones Exploiting Nanoconfined Diffusion through Nanochannel Membranes
Authors: Geninatti Thomas , Hood R. , Bruno Giacomo , Jain Priya , Nicolov Eugenia , Ziemys Arturas , Grattoni Alessandro
Published: August 2015

Implantable devices may provide a superior means for hormone delivery through maintaining serum levels within target therapeutic windows. Zero-order administration has been shown to reach an equilibrium with metabolic clearance, resulting in a constant serum concentration and bioavailability of released hormones. By exploiting surface-to-molecule interaction within nanochannel membranes, it is possible to achieve a long-term, constant diffusive release of agents from implantable reservoirs. In this study, we sought to demonstrate the controlled release of model hormones from a novel nanochannel system. We investigated the delivery of hormones through our nanochannel membrane over a period of 40 days. Levothyroxine, osteocalcin and testosterone were selected as representative hormones based on their different molecular properties and structures. The release mechanisms and transport behaviors of these hormones within 3, 5 and 40 nm channels were characterized. Results further supported the suitability of the nanochannels for sustained administration from implantable platforms.