bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model of nanostructural layers formation at long-term operation of rails
Authors: Sarychev V. D. , Nevskii S. A. , Kormyshev V. E. , Yur’ev A. A. , Gromov V. E.
Published: November 2020

A mathematical model was developed and a mechanism was proposed for the formation of nanoscale structural-phase states on the example of rail steel at long-term operation. It was believed that during intense plastic deformations, the material behaves like a viscous incompressible fluid. In order to take into account the sliding of the wheel relative to the rail, a two-layer fluid model was proposed, the top layer of which slides at a certain speed relative to the first. In this case, the Kelvin-Helmholtz instability develops. For each layer, we have written the Navier-Stokes equations and kinematic and dynamic boundary conditions. Solution of the obtained system in the form of normal perturbation modes was carried out on the basis of assumption of the viscous-potential material flow. In this approximation, it was believed that viscosity effects occur only at the layer interface. A dispersion equation was derived, which was analyzed using a graphical representation of the functions included in the analytical solution. A range of characteristics of the material and parameters of the external influence (the velocity of the layer) was established, at which two peaks are observed in dependence of disturbances growth rate on the wave number. The first (hydrodynamic) maximum is due to the motion of the layers relative to each other; the second is associated with the effects of fluid viscosity. Approximate formulas were obtained for dependence of the growth rate of perturbations on the wave number. Conditions for realization of only one maximum were found. The viscously determined maximum at slip velocities of the order of 1 m/s can be in the nanoscale wavelength range. Assuming that the white layer in the rails during long-term operation is formed mainly due to the action of intense plastic deformations, we believe that the obtained results detail the mechanism of white layers formation in the rails in this case.
Spatial-temporal dynamics of tree line in the Southern Siberia Mountains
Authors:   V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Golyukov A.S. ,   Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Shushpanov A.S. ,   V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia); Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Petrov I.A. ,   V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest SB RAS (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

In recent decades, the tree line has been moving along the entire territory of the boreal forests due to climatic changes. In this work, the dynamics of the tree line and the area of closed stands in the Southern Siberian Mountains are analyzed. At all objects of the study, the advancement of the tree line is observed with an average advance rate of ~ 0.6 – 0.9 m per year. A significant relationship was found between the advancement of the tree line and the air temperature.
Comparative characteristics of the anatomical structure of leaves of Allium bidentatum and A. polyrrhizum
Authors:   Сomprehensive school № 38 (Ulan-Ude, Russia), Zhapova O.I. , Antsupova T.P. ,   East Siberia State University of Technology and Management (Ulan-Ude, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The article provides a comparative characteristic of the anatomical structure of leaves and stems of Allium bidentatum, Fisch. ex Prokh. and Allium polyrrhizum Turcz. ex Regel. As diagnostic signs of the anatomical structure in determining the species, you can use the features of the location and structure of the conductive bundles.
Plant communities of the Middle Lena in need of protection
Authors:   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (Russia, Yakutsk), Ivanova N.S. , Borisova S.Z. ,   M.K. Ammosov North-Eastern Federal University (Russia, Yakutsk)
Published: November 2020

The results of the study of rare communities in the middle reaches of the Lena river valley, one of the most floristically rich regions of Yakutia, are presented. There are grow populations of 81 species of vascular plants listed in the regional Red Book. Populations of 35 species are covered by various types of protection. Five populations of endemic plants of the North-East of Russia, 13 species living on the northern limit of their ranges, and 3 endemic plants of the Central Yakutia were not included in protected areas (PAs). The relict steppe communities with Artemisia martjanovii Krasch. ex Poljak., Krascheninnikovia ceratoides (L.) Gueldenst., Hedysarum gmelinii Ledeb., Astragalus lenensis Shemetova, Schaulo et Lomon. are under threat of complete extinction.
Genus bladderwort (Utricularia L., Lentibulariaceae Rich.) in Western Siberia: species composition, distribution, ecological features
Authors:   Tobolsk complex scientific station UB RAS (Tobolsk, Russia), Kapitonova О.А. ,   Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters (Borok, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The growth of 6 species of the genus Utricularia has been shown for the territory of Western Siberia: U. vulgaris, U. macrorhiza, U. australis, U. minor, U. intermedia and U. ochroleuca. The distribution of species in the region is discussed, and their habitats are characterized. Special attention is paid to the diagnostic signs of bladderworts. It was noted that three of the six species indicated for Western Siberia (U. macrorhiza, U. australis, U. ochroleuca) have single locations within the region.
Identification of species and hybrids of Populus L. according to the signs of petiolar anatomy
Authors:   InEca-Consulting LLC (Novokuznetsk, Russia), Klimov A.V. , Proshkin B.V. ,   Kuzbass Institute of FPS of Russia (Novokuznetsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The results of studying the petiolar anatomy of the species of sections Aigeiros and Tacamahaca and their hybrids are presented. It has been established that the anatomical structure of the petioles makes it possible to diagnose the taxon belonging to a section and identify intersection hybrids. Studies of the petiolar anatomy of P. ciliata showed that it does not correspond to the characteristics characteristic of the Tacamahaca section. Analysis of the petiole structure of P. × sibirica confirmed its hybrid origin.
Dynamics of meadow-bog vegetation because of flooding of the coastal zone of the salt lake Kurinka (Koybalskay steppe, Khakasia)
Authors:   Institute of Biophysics SB RAS, Federal Research Center “Krasnoyarsk Science Center SB RAS” (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Kononova N.A. , Zorkina Т.М. ,   Krasnoyarsk State Pedagogical University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The paper presents the results of long-term studies of the structural and functional organization of the vegetation of the coastal zone of the salt lake Kurinka (Koybalskay steppe, Khakasia). It is shown that the structure of coastal vegetation changes due to abnormal weather conditions of the year. As a result of a prolonged drought and a decrease in the area of the lake surface, the dominant Phragmites australis fell out from the coastal zone, and community Bolboschoenus maritimus was formed. The restoration of a stable typical community was noted, when a favorable weather conditions in subsequent years were established.
The spatial-and-temporal differentiation of the soil temperature and its influence on vegetation in the exposure-related forest-steppe of Transbaikalia
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS (Ulan-Ude, Russia), Anenkhonov O.A. , Sandanov D.V. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS (Ulan-Ude, Russia), Zverev A.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation), Korolyuk A.Yu. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia), Naidanov B.B. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS (Ulan-Ude, Russia), Chimitov D.G. ,   Institute of General and Experimental Biology SB RAS (Ulan-Ude, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The long-term soil temperature monitoring in the area of more than 550 km in length within the region of Transbaikalia has been carried out. Sites for the monitoring were represented by the forest-steppe vegetation of different ecotopological and ecogeographical patterns. It was revealed that the dynamics of temperature regimens are highly synchronized reflecting the macroclimatic unity of the region. The sufficiently higher heat supply on the southerly exposed slopes comparing to northerly exposed ones was demonstrated. The distinctness between soil temperature regimens in different sites was revealed and attributed to the size of forested patches within the forest-steppe landscape, as well as discrepancies between eco-geographical features of sites along the sublatitudinal gradient. Differences between the vegetation types that occurred on the northern and southern slopes as well as between key sites scattered throughout the region were underlined. These differences are suggested to be connected with the spatial differentiation of the soil temperature. It was established that vegetation on the southern slopes is relatively more homogeneous being related to the single class Cleistogenetea squarrosae, while on the northern slopes plant communities related to three classes were developed, namely steppe class Cleistogenetea squarrosae, and two forest classes – Rhytidio-Laricetea and Vaccinio-Piceetea.
Content of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids in leaves and inflorescences of Spiraea salicifolia L. (Rosaceae)
Authors:   Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia), Kostikova V.A. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia), Veklich T.N. ,   Amur Branch of Botanical Garden-Institute, FEB RAS (Blagoveshchensk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

Comparative analysis of the content of the main groups of phenolic compounds (flavonoids and phenolic acids) was performed for the overground part of Spiraea salicifolia L. from natural habitats in Siberia and the Russian Far East. Populations of plants with the highest content of phenolic compounds were determined to reveal the potential of their use. It was found that the content of phenolcarboxylic acids in leaves (3,59–7,69 %) is higher than that in inflorescences (2,24–5,52 %), regardless of habitat. The distribution of flavonoids between leaves and inflorescences of S. salicifolia is ambiguous. The content of flavonoids ranges from 1,27 % to 5,48 % in leaves, and from 2,34 % to 6,26 % in inflorescences. The highest content of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids was found in plants from Amur region, the Republic of Yakutia, the Republic of Buryatia and the Primorsky Territory. The content of the investigated substances is not high in samples of S. salicifolia from Irkutsk region, Sakhalin region, Khabarovsk region and Magadan region.
A grid mapping scheme for the flora of Tyumen city: a case study for an invasive and a synanthropic plant species
Authors:   Tyumen State University (Tyumen, Russia), Kuzmin I.V. , Khapugin A.A. ,   Tyumen State University (Tyumen, Russia); Joint Directorate of the Mordovia State Nature Reserve and National Park «Smolny» (Saransk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

Biodiversity inventory is one of the widespread fields in biological studies around the world. The understanding the correct distribution of each taxon needs obtaining the complete number of species’ records in the study area. In this research, we compared the completeness of reliable expert data and citizen science data obtained through iNaturalist platform for the urban area of the city Tyumen. The comparison was conducted using the grid mapping scheme developed by us for the study area with grid cell size of 1 × 1 km. As target plants, an invasive species Heracleum sosnowskyi and a synanthropic species Urtica cannabina were selected. We found that neither only expert data nor only citizen science (iNaturalist) data can reflect a reliable distribution of these species in the city Tyumen. We believe that only joint coordinated use of both citizen science data and expert data could provide the relevant and reliable data on species’ distribution.
Range reconstruction of the genus Cicer L. (Leguminosae)
Authors:   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia), Murashko V.V. , Krivenko D.A. ,   Siberian Institute of Plant Physiology & Biochemistry SB RAS (Irkutsk, Russia) ; Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: November 2020

Based on herbarium and literature data, chorological maps were produced for 47 species of the genus Cicer, this made it possible to clarify the natural boundaries of the species and genus ranges. The species richness map was produced using the method of grid mapping. It identified five geographically isolated areas of modern species diversity: North African, Anatolian-Mediterranean, East African, East of West Asian, Central Asian. Phytogeographic measures are given for each cluster, such as area occupied, total number of species and number of endemics. It was established that the hotspot of modern species diversity of genus Cicer is the mountains of Central Asia, and the maximum concentration area of species is the Pamir-Alai mountain system.
Climatic aspect of fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) mortality in the Eastern Sayan Mountains
Authors:   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Petrov I.A. , Shushpanov A.S. ,   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Krasnoyarsk, Russia);  Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Im S.T. ,   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Krasnoyarsk, Russia); Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia); Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Golyukov A.S. ,   Sukachev Institute of Forest, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences (Krasnoyarsk, Russia); Siberian Federal University (Krasnoyarsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The study considers the climatic response of fir (Abies sibirica Ledeb.) radial increment in the zones of dark coniferous decline on the northern spurs of the Eastern Sayan Mountains. Radial increment of 203 fir trees was analyzed. The measurement of the tree ring width and the development of tree-ring chronologies were carried out according to the generally recognized dendrochronological methods. The individual tree-ring chronologies obtained were divided into two groups according to the characteristics of the vital state of trees and radial increment trends over the past decades. It was found that significant differences in radial increment were observed after the drought in 1999. Comparison of the radial increment indices with the SPEI showed that the depression in radial increment coincide with a decrease in the level of atmospheric moisture and an increase in the sensitivity of trees to atmospheric droughts. Atmospheric drought, which caused a decrease in radial increment, also preceded an increase in fir mortality and an outbreak of Polygraphus proximus Blandford.
Phytochemical study of pasture plants in Northern Mongolia
Authors:   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management (Ulan-Ude, Russia), Antsupova T.P. , Bitueva E.B. ,   East Siberian State University of Technology and Management (Ulan-Ude, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of a qualitative and quantitative determination of toxic and bitter substances in 8 species of plants of Northern Mongolia that are not eaten by cattle. Significant amounts of alkaloids were found in 6 species, tannins in 2 species.
Cenopopulations of Calypso bulbosa in the National Park “Krasnoyarskiye Stolby”
Authors:   National Park “Krasnoyarsk Stolby” (Krasnoyarsk, Russia), Polyanskaya D.Yu.
Published: November 2020

There is a brief materials of constant observations of the orchid – Calypso bulbosa in the national park “Krasnoyarsk Stolby” are presented. Aticl tells about additional permanent test plots, that were laid for observing the species, near the action of recreation and fugitive ground fire. It gives a brief information on ontogenetic structure.
Approaches to formation of northern regions species list for preparing new edition of Krasnoyarsky Region Red Book (plants)
Authors:   A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia), Pospelov I.N. ,   FGBU «Reserves of Taimyr» (Norilsk, Russia), Pospelova E.B.
Published: November 2020

Because of preparing new edition of “Krasnoyarsky Region Red book (plants and fungi)”, the change of approaches to formation of specially protected vascular plants list are proposed. The changes of principles for adding species to this list are proposed, as well as offers by including and excluding the species. In particular, conferring conservation status is necessary not only for species at whole, but for separate large populations. The special approaches is necessary for species, hard to definite in nature. Besides, it is necessary to supplement new edition by Appendix “The list of Krasnoyarsky Region plant species needing special attention by their condition in nature”.
Biology of some representatives of the genus Hemerocallis L. when introduced in the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of UFRC RAS
Authors:   South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS (Ufa, Russia), Pyatina I.S. , Reut A.A. ,   South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of RAS (Ufa, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The article presents the results of an introduction study of Hemerocallis middendorffii Trautv. et C.A. Mey on the basis of the South-Ural Botanical Garden-Institute of Ufa Federal Research Centre of Russian Academy of Sciences. Information on the biology, geography and culture species is provided. It is established that this species is stable in culture in the conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Bashkir pre-Urals and is promising for gardening and selection as a highly ornamental early-flowering species.
Peculiar populational and biological characteristics of species of the genus Cypripedium L. in the conditions of Southern Evenkia (“Tungusky” reserve)
Authors:   Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems SB RAS (Tomsk), Raiskaya Yu.G. ,   Russia State Nature Reserve “Tungusskiy” (Vanavara, Russia)
Published: November 2020

During our studies, it was fetched out that on the territory of the Tungusky reserve, which is representative of Southern Evenkia, there are 4 species of the genus Cypripedium: C. calceolus, C. macranthon, C. guttatum and C.×ventricosum, confined primarily to warm slopes of hills covered with larch forests. For population-biological studies, 3 model coenopopulations of each species were selected. The ontogenetic spectra of most of the studied populations are vegetatively oriented, although all species also have coenopopulations with a generatively oriented spectrum. Most populations of the studied species are young according to the ∆ - ω classification of L.A. Zhivotovsky, maturing populations were identified only for such species as C. guttatum and C.×ventricosum; the generatively oriented spectrum is typical only for populations of this type.
Eggplant culture (Solanum melongena L.) in Siberia
Authors:   Agrofirm “Siberian Garden“ (Novosibirsk, Russia), Ugarova S.V.
Published: November 2020

Under Siberian conditions, aubergine (eggplant) is stressed by the difference between region climatic parameter and the thermophilic plant species requirements. Plant selection with reference to the crop botanical species diversity and the full use of worldwide biological characteristic variety and morphological features of plants provides the adaptation of species.
State of populations of the rarest protected vascular plants of the “Strizhament” (Stavropol Krai)
Authors:   Perkalsky dendrology park (Ekologo-botanical station “Pyatigorsk”) V.L. Komarov Botanical Institute of RAS (Pyatigorsk, Russia), Arutyanova L.N. , Ogandzhanian A.A. ,   North Caucasian Federal Agrarian Сenter (Mikhaylovsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

The state and structure of Anemone caucasica Willd cenopulations has been studied. ex Rupr., Campanula persicifolia L., Vincetoxicum stauropolitanum Robed. – rare species included in the Red Book of the Stavropol Krai (KKSK). The area, number and density of individuals in the CPU were determined, the ontogenetic structure was studied, which allows characterizing the state and prospects for the development of cenopulations.
Production of the callus culture of the endemic species Eranthis tanhoensis (Ranunculaceae)
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Filonova M.V. ,   Goldberg Research Institute of Pharmacology and Regenerative Medicine, National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Sciences (Tomsk, Russia), Mitrenina E.Yu. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation)
Published: November 2020

Biotechnological methods of plants propagation have prospects for genetic conservation of wild rare and declining species. They appear to be effective in plants reproduction to produce a large number of individuals within a short time. We present here our results in production of callus culture of the endemic species Eranthis tanhoensis Erst (Ranunculaceae) from the South Baikal region.
Sub-recent palynological spectra of landscapes of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area, Russia
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Shefer N.V. , Shumilovskikh L. S. ,   University of Goettingen (Goettingen, Germany), Gureyeva I.I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation); Tomsk Oil and Gas Design and Research Institute (Tomsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

An analysis of the composition of surface spore-pollen spectra (SPS) was carried out within a gradient from forest-tundra to northern taiga. In total, 20 sub-recent moss-lichen surface samples were obtained on the territory of the Nadymsky and Purovsky districts of Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area. All studied spectra contain pollen of Larix sibirica Ledeb., Picea obovata Ledeb., Pinus sibirica Du Tour, P. sylvestris L., Betula pubescens Ehrh., B. nana L, as well as Ericaceae, Asteraceae and Cyperaceae. In the SPS of the studied communities, an increase in the participation of the pollen of Pinus species, a decrease in the content of Betula nana pollen, and an increase in the diversity of the taxonomic composition of herbs at the transition from the forest-tundra to the northern taiga are observed. The low content of Picea obovata pollen in the forest-tundra and northern taiga spectra reflects the low proportion of spruce in the studied communities. The low pollen proportion of Larix sibirica in the forest-tundra and northern taiga does not reflect the actual participation of L. sibirica in the vegetation cover, but is associated with rapid destruction of pollen and its low flight ability. The low content of Larix sibirica pollen in the forest-tundra and northern taiga does not reflect the actual participation of larch in the stand.
To the study of alien species in the flora of Khakassia
Authors:   Tomsk State University, Ebel A.L. , Sheremetova S.A. ,   Institute of Human Ecology of the SB RAS (Kemerovo, Russia), Khrustaleva I.A. ,   Institute of Human Ecology of the SB RAS (Kemerovo, Russia), Strelnikova T.O. ,   Institute of Human Ecology of the SB RAS (Kemerovo, Russia), Mikhailova S.I. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation); Tomsk Branch of All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (“VNIIKR”) (Tomsk, Russia), Ebel T.V. ,   Tomsk Branch of All-Russian Plant Quarantine Center (“VNIIKR”) (Tomsk, Russia)
Published: November 2020

As a result of the field studies, analysis of publications and herbarium materials, it has been established that by now the alien flora of the Republic of Khakassia includes about 140 species of vascular plants. Of this number, more than 30 species are invasive plants included in the “Black Book of Flora of Siberia” (2016). In recent years, there has been both a fairly rapid replenishment of the flora with alien plants and a noticeable dispersal of a number of invasive species across the territory of Khakassia. For the purpose of monitoring alien plant species, we use the capabilities of the international scientific network iNaturalist.org.
Phylogenetic systematics and biogeography of Coptis (Ranunculaceae), an eastern Asian and North American genus
Authors:   State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China), Xiang K.-L. , Erst A.S. ,   Central Siberian Botanical Garden, SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia); Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russia), Erst T.V. ,   Tomsk State University (Tomsk, Russian Federation); Institute of Cytology and Genetics SB RAS (Novosibirsk, Russia), Wang W. ,   State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Beijing, China)
Published: November 2020

The goldthread genus Coptis includes 15 species disjunctly distributed in eastern Asia and North America. Here, we provide a dated phylogeny for the genus with all 15 species. Our results indicate that Coptis contains two strongly supported clades (I and II). Clade I consists of subg. Coptis and sect. Japonocoptis of subg. Metacoptis; clade II composes sect. Japonocoptis of subg. Metacoptis. Central leaflet base, sepal shape, and petal blade carry a strong phylogenetic signal in Coptis, while leaf type, sepal and petal color, and petal shape exhibit relatively higher levels of evolutionary flexibility. Our dating and biogeographic analyses indicate that a vicariance event between Japan-North America occurred in the middle Miocene, resulting in the split of Coptis and its sister group. Subsequently, a colonization event occurred at 9.55 Ma from Japan to mainland China. Both vicariance and dispersal events have played important roles in shaping the current distribution and endemism of Coptis, likely resulting from eustatic sea-level changes, mountain formation processes and an increasing drier and cooler climate from the middle Miocene onwards.
Dynamics of species composition of alas vegetation during demutation
Authors:   North of North-Eastern Federal University (Yakutsk, Russia), Gavrilyeva L.D.
Published: November 2020

Change of species composition of degraded alas pastures vegetation in process of restoration is considered.
What is the prevalence of joint contractures in a long-term care population: a systematic review and meta-analysis v1
Authors: Prentice H
Published: November 2020

Background Joint contractures, a disorder wherein the tissues around a joint are morphologically altered leading to a reduction in range of motion (ROM), have been shown to develop somewhat spontaneously in older populations, particularly in care home settings.Contractures range in severity from mild to severe, with the latter often associated with poor outcomes, such as pain and pressure ulcers.They also can compromise recovery and pose a challenge to care providers.There is limited treatment once contractures have developed, but preventative interventions could provide more effective long-term solutions. Some studies have shown higher incidence of contractures in older people living with dementia, a population who make up an average of 69% of those living in residential care.It is thought that this could be a result of immobility or frailty.However, there is a lack of information about the prevalence of contractures in care homes.This study has been designed to calculate the prevalence of contractures in care home residents. Aim The aim of this report is to assess the prevalence of contractures in a care home population, to better understand the development of contractures and severe contractures. Methods This study utilises a systematic review followed by meta-analysis; Electronic databases will be searched: COCHRANE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Ovid MEDLINE and Global Health.Citation chaining and hand searching will also be used.
RT-free Nanopore direct RNA sequencing v1 v1
Authors: Jain Miten
Published: November 2020

Reverse Transcription-free (RT-free) poly(A) RNA protocol for Nanopore Direct RNA Sequencing This protocol was developed as a collaboration between NASA Houston, Oxford Nanopore Technologies, and UC Santa Cruz to support direct RNA Nanopore sequencing on the International Space Station (ISS). Contributors: NASA JSC Houston: Sarah Stahl, Aaron S. Burton, Kristen K. John, Sarah L. Castro-Wallace Oxford Nanopore Technologies: Daniel Jachimowicz, Daniel R. Garalde University of California Santa Cruz: Mark Akeson, Benedict Paten, Miten Jain
Parallelization in Characterization of Digital Cells Libraries
Authors:   Institute for Design Problems in Microelectronics of RAS, Moscow, Lyalinsky A. A.
Published: November 2020

Various aspects (starting tasks, monitoring execution, collecting data, visualizing, forming final tables) of the problem of characterization of digital elements libraries used in the process of creating and manufacturing integrated circuits are considered. The analysis of parallelization application at various stages of the characterization problem is carried out. The implementation of the proposed methods is described using the example of developing a web-based characterization system for digital cell libraries.
User Authentication in Training Systems
Authors:   MIREA — Russian Technological University, Moscow, Ivanova S. M. , Ilyichenkova Z. V. ,   MIREA — Russian Technological University, Moscow, Antonova A. A. ,   MIREA — Russian Technological University, Moscow
Published: November 2020

The problem of verifying the identity of a student who works in an online educational system is discussed in the article. This is necessary to prohibit the substitution of one user for another upon receipt of information or in the process of performing certification work. Verification is carried out on the basis of the student's keyboard handwriting, formed according to the cluster principle. Symbols with similar characteristics are clustered. For each cluster, statistical characteristics are calculated. The authentication method in the process is very important. It is proposed to consider the methods of character-by-character data control or verification after entering the entire answer in order to ensure the correct decision. For this, approaches were used to analyze each symbol individually or average values for various combinations of symbols. During the study, a number of experiments were carried out and the data obtained are presented in the work. Studies have shown efficiency of the proposed user authentication method. Monitoring cluster average values was considered impractical, since large confidence intervals almost always include the average. The most successful is checking after entering the whole word. Next, you should remove the "glaring errors" or calculate the average values for each character, if there are several of them in the answer. In the latter case, the confidence interval must be constructed, based on the probability of occurrence, equal to 0.95.
SOME RECOMMENDATIONS CONCERNING THE MEDICAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL POSTISOLATIONAL ASSISTANCE AND SUPPORT OF SERVICEMEN, THAT ENDURED TORTURE IN THE COURSE OF IMPRISIONMENT
Authors: Shyrobokov J. , Timchenko O. , Kravchenko K.
Published: November 2020

The issue of medical-psychological assistance and support to individuals, that have been imprisoned and/ortortured is an up-to-date issue for many countries in the world. In accordance with the data provided by AmnestyInternational people are undergoing torture and cruel treatment at least in 140 countries of the world.In 2014 this issue has become extremely urgent, due to the fact that the armed conflict within a country alwaysnegatively influences the adherence of human rights. The definition of captivity has been actualized in 2014, in thecourse of the Maidan protests and received its continuity as a result of the situation that occurred in Crimea andthe East of the Luhansk and Donetsk regions. Tortures and cruel treatment are prohibited by international law.There’s an international consensus with regard to the fact that such abuses violate the dignity of a human beingand cannot be justified by any circumstances. But, most unfortunately the realities of today and the conduct ofcombat activities in the East of Ukraine force us to make conclusions about the non-adherence of the aggressorstateto the Geneva conventions and the humane treatment of prisoners of war. Thus, the attention of scientistshas been directed solely at solving these issues and providing certain recommendation concerning the medicalpsychologicalpost-isolation assistance and support to military personnel, who have endured torture in captivity.The material of the article is based on conducted empirical research and the experience of providing psychologicalassistance to the prisoners of war in the course of the post-isolation period.The overall amount of prisoners of war that have participated in the research are 694, who have beendeliberated from captivity in the course of the years 2015-2019. From the general amount of people under research(n=694), 643 individuals (92,7%) – are military men of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and 51 individual (7,3%) – arethe combatants of volunteer battalions (representatives of volunteer battalions).The articles presents the peculiarities of psychological work with former prisoners, the peculiarities of everystage of providing psychological assistance to military men has been scrutinized. There’s also the presentedanalyses of negative psychological implications of being held in captivity, among which the sense of guilt andshame, the control of ones’ emotions, avoiding communication and isolation, misfortunes in terms of marriage andfamily relations, aggressive reactions and the yearning for vengeance.
ANALYSIS OF THE CURRENT SITUATION OF INNOVATIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN THE DIGITALIZATION PROCESS OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY
Authors: Gura V. , Skopenko Yu.
Published: November 2020

The article considers the issue of digitalization of the innovation sphere of Ukraine. The urgency of the issue of developmentof innovative entrepreneurship with the use of new technologies, developments and approaches for the successful positioning ofthe country in the international arena, as well as the opening of new opportunities and prospects. The main problems in thecountry's innovation activity are highlighted: the lack of a clearly formulated strategy by the government for innovativedevelopment, outdated material and technical base, lack of financial resources. The initiatives of the government that are theimpetus for the development of the country are emphasized: "State in the smartphone" – the application "Diia", the functionalityof which is a considerable list of services; "Available Loans 5-7-9%" – the longest loan can be granted for 5 years, and the largestamount reaches up to UAH 3 million; which allow the development of innovative entrepreneurship without obstacles. Three mainratings on the level of innovation of Ukraine are analyzed: Global Innovation Index, Bloomberg Innovation Index and IMD WorldCompetitiveness ranking. Ukraine's position in these rankings remains quite low and our country is still far from the leaders -Switzerland, Britain, Sweden, the Netherlands and the United States, which indicates the need for a new approach to competitionand changes in public policy on this issue, because innovation is the key to long-term economic growth. Ways to improve and stimulate the development of Ukraine’s innovation sphere are considered: to unite the efforts of governmental, scientific andbusiness circles of society to comprehensively address strategic and tactical issues of national innovation in the context ofglobalization challenges, which allows to ensure our country’s competitiveness. Creating such a coherent system requires:reducing the tax burden on innovative companies, the development of international scientific and technical relations through theexchange and use of new knowledge and technologies, increasing the effectiveness of government programs in the financingsystem.
THE ROLE OF MILITARY GEOGRAPHY IN THE ORIGIN OF THE LANDSCAPE DOCTRINE
Authors: Mikheli S.
Published: November 2020

The results of the most substantive exploration of the history of the landscape doctrine origin of the Russian and Ukrainiangeographers have been investigated. The conclusions of the authors of historical investigations on the chronology and contentof historical events related to the emergence of the term “landscape” in science, the establishment of preconditions and drivingfactors of its origin have been critically analyzed. The fairness or improper conclusions about the role of certain scientists in theorigin of the concept of landscape as the main target of geographical research have been indicated. The evidence to confirm thefairness of critical remarks has been provided. It has been noted that the roots of the Ukrainian landscape science are Germangeography of the nineteenth century, and along with Germany the landscape concept has acquired a powerful development inRussia and Ukraine (as a part of the Russian Empire), where the term “landscape” began to be widely used not only in science,but also in education at the end of the nineteenth - beginning of the twentieth centuries. It has been proved that the starting pointshould be considered 1805, when the German geographer G.Gommeier first used the word “landscape” in the work “Contributionof European Countries to Military Geography” from German spoken language as a scientific term for the designation of one ofthe units of natural land distribution for the needs of military geography. It has been shown that the prerequisites and drivingfactors of introduction of the term “landscape” in science was the “state order” of the European countries to differentiate theterritory of Europe in terms of differences in natural conditions for the organization and conduct of hostilities.
Potentiometric Sensor For Analgin Determination In Pharmaceutical Formulations
Authors: Kormosh Z.A. , Savchuk T.I. , Semenishin D.I. , Suprunovich S.V. , Kochubei V.V. , Korolchuk S.I.
Published: November 2020

Ion associates (IA) of butylrodamine C with triiodide and iod bromide have been synthesized. Their thermal behavior is investigated. Thermolysis synthesized by IA BR+I3¯ passes through a number of intermediate stages, since the C4H9 radical, which is part of the dye, has a significant effect on the process of thermolysis of the ionic associate. IA BR+I3¯ begins to decompose significantly at a temperature higher than 140 єC with an endothermic effect at 240 єC and two small exothermic effects with a maximum at 282 єC and 355 єC (corresponding to the release of 2NH3, 8C2H4, 2HI). In the range of 380–720 єC, the exothermic effect of the IA combustion occurs at a temperature of 485 єC with significant mass loss. The obtained IAs are stable under normal conditions. An I3¯ and I2Br¯ sensor containing butyrodromine C associate of butylrodamine C with triiodide and iodum bromide was developed. The working interval of the pH of the triiodide sensor is 2 - 12, and for iodum bromide, the pH is 2 - 10, respectively. The linearity interval of the electrode function is in the range 9 ∙10-6 - 1 ∙10-1 mol L-1, the slope is 65 mV/pC for the triiodide, and for the iodine bromide - 1 ∙10-5 - 1 ∙10-1 mol L-1, the slope 68 mV/pC. The technique of potentiometric determination of analgin in medicines is developed.
Estimated glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine in Brazil/changing in CKD
Authors: Fernandez Bedoya Mark , A. Hegeman Maria
Published: November 2020

Continued progression of kidney disease will lead to renal function too low to sustain healthy life. In developed countries, such people will be offered renal replacement therapy in the form of dialysis or renal transplantation. Estimates of glomerular filtration rate (GFR) that are based on serum creatinine are routinely used; however, they are imprecise, potentially leading to the overdiagnosis of chronic kidney disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine in Brazil patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Multiple equations exist to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR); however, there is no consensus on which is superior for risk classification in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Renal function was analyzed through serum creatinine and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated according to the CG, MDRD and CKD-EPI equations, available on the websites of the Brazilian Nephrology Society (SBN) and the (NKF) by using cross-sectional analyses in diverse populations totaling 3949 participants.
Gunshot wounds to the spine: comparative analysis of two retrospective cohorts
Authors: Bertullo Gonzalo , RC Azevedo-Filho Hildo
Published: November 2020

The objective of this study is to compare two cohorts of patients affected by this disease in different periods and evaluate specifically the role of decompressed laminectomy. Analysis of 246 and 127 patients with gunshot wounds to the spine admitted to the Hospital da Restauração, Recife, Brazil, between January 1981 and June 1998, and January 2005 to December 2008. The general comparative features were: an experience of 17.5 and 3 years, 95.8 % and 85.8% men and a mean age of 26.6 and 25 years. The neurologic condition at admission was Frankel/ASIA/IMSOP grade A (59.8% and 38.6%); B (2.4% and 30.7%); C (20.8% and 29.9%); D (14.2% and 0.8%) and E (2.8% and 0%). Hospital stay mean were 28 and 30 days. Follow-up mean 76.3 days. Conservative management was three times higher than surgical treatment in period 2005-2008, 14.2% and 12.6% patients died respectively. We concluded that the decompressive laminectomies continued to be associated with a higher level of complications and did not improve patient’s outcome.
Over expression of IL-32 in rheumatoid arthritis modulates NF-κB activity
Authors: Ayala Sergio , G. Thury Peter
Published: November 2020

IL-32 is pro-inflammatory cytokine characterized by the induction of nuclear factor NF-κB activation and an important role in key cellular processes related to inflammation. We investigated whether the IL-32 expression may be involved in the mehanistic of rheumatoid arthritis through modulates the activity of NF-κB. We report that the concentrations of IL-32 are higher in the serums of RA patients than of control subjects. Results show that IL-32 induces the production of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1-beta, IL-6, and increased NF-κB activation. We concluded that these data show that IL-32 is constitutively produced by RA synoviocytes, induces proinflammatory cytokine secretion, and activation NF-κB. IL-32 thereby may constitute a promising target to treat RA.
The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage after spontaneous and induced vaginal delivery versus elective and emergency caesarian section
Authors: Al-Turiahi Azhar , Sadiq Alla
Published: November 2020

Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal mortality. All women who carry a pregnancy beyond 20 weeks’ gestation are at risk for PPH and its sequel. Although maternal mortality rates have declined greatly in the developed world, PPH remains a leading cause of maternal mortality elsewhere.The aim of this study is to investigate the incidence of PPH in patients delivered by different modality and identify the importance risk factors. A Cross sectional study of 9674 patients admitted to the labor or obstetrics word and theater unit during the period of 5-months duration from 2nd of January to the 31th of December 2015. The results of this data indicated that the identified risk factors of PPH are essential to increased effective care and eventually increased the maternal survival.
Potential role of cytomegalovirus in risk factor of breast cancer/strong
Authors: Yousif Maitham
Published: November 2020

It has been hypothesized that human cytomegalovirus (CMV) may be associated with many cancers in human. However, the role of CMV infection in breast cancer remains unclear. We aimed to assess whether CMV infection have a role in development of breast cancer. A 120 women presented to breast cancer clinic with breast mass. Full history from each woman was taken, full examination including breast examination and lymph-node. Blood was aspirated from each woman for detection of CMV IgG, IgM, tp53 and CA15-3 by ELISA. A 50 patients were documented to have breast cancer by histopathological examination. The study reveal that was heights level of CMV IgG and IgM among patients with malignant breast mass (12/50) and (8/50) respectively in other side the lowest level in benign tumor (6/50) and (2/50) respectively and high prevalence of CMV in breast cancer. In conclusion There is strong evidence suggest that CMV has an important role in the development of breast cancer.
Effective role of narrow band-UVB in immunological changes of VZV:T-cells response/strong
Authors: Gauger Phillip , Angel Matthew
Published: November 2020

Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection often observed in children and usually lasts a short time. Its remains dormant in the nervous system and can reactivate causing herpes zoster (HZ). The objective of this study is to investigate the effective role of nb-UVB, on immunological response of T-regulatory cells via different types of HZV transcription factors and possible pathological mechanism. Together these data confirmed that the using of nb-UVB in treatment of VZV is associated with Tregulatory cells response changes and attenuated VZV infection
Unusual combination and existence of hemolytic anemias; Thalassemia and G6PD deficient anemia in female patient
Authors: Rajooj Hmood Abdulhamza , Hatif Abd Rawaa
Published: November 2020

Beta-thalassemia intermedia exhibits feature of ineffective erythropoiesis and hemolytic anemia. Diagnosis can be made via hemoglobin electrophoresis. G6PD deficiency is an X-linked recessive disorder commonly affecting males while females are carrier. Diagnosis is made by measuring G6PD level. A 19-year old pregnant lady, known case of β-thalassemia intermedia, had been presented with episode of acute hemolytic anemia. Investigations were highly suggestive of G6PD deficient anemia. This was confirmed with low G6PD level. Back to her immediate history, consumption of broad bean was ascertained. After appropriate therapy, the patient felt better and her medical derangement was normalized. She delivered normally and kept on life-long folic acid therapy. The importance of recording such a case report is to expect unusual combination of hemolytic anemia despite the uncommon finding of X-linked recessive disorder in women. This was the first case recorded in Karbala province
Fistula after hypospadias: preliminary treatment results
Authors: Jawad Shabaa Kadhum
Published: November 2020

Fistula is the commonest complication after hypospadias surgery ranged 10-30%. The results of surgery depending on the severity of hypospadias, surgical technique, and experience of the operating surgeon. This is a prospective study analysis the operational procedures in post-hypospadias urethral fistula repair. Through July 2015 to January 2017, 21 patients with 21 fistulas where classified their treatment into: 6 fistula with simple closure, 7 fistula simple closure with fascial layer, and 7 fistula dorsal slit with fascial layer. According to my experience I have successfully treated all urethral fistulas using my method, with success rate. We concluded that the midline urethral incision with the dartos flip flap is the main point for treatment of difficult urethral fistula after hypospadias operation.