bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Shaping Resonant Light Confinement and Optoelectronic Spectra Using Strain in Hierarchical Multiscale Structures
Authors: Krishnaswamy Jagdish Anakkavoor , Panidhara Kumar Molahalli , Satyanarayana Sandeep B. , Ramamurthy Praveen Chandrashekarapura , Mahapatra Debiprosad Roy , Hegde Gopalkrishna
Published: June 2019

Hierarchically structured optical materials have been a topic of intriguing research interest due to the possibility of tailoring material properties beyond the limits of bulk continuum material design. Here, an optical confinement phenomenon in a hierarchically structured waveguide platform consisting of alternating clusters of nanostructured and planar microscale domains is demonstrated. An unconventional self‐assembly‐based strain‐assisted nanomolding process is developed to fabricate these hierarchically structured multiperiodic waveguides. Further, these hierarchically patterned waveguides are used as substrates for solution‐processed photodetectors. The optical confinement occurring due to the nanoscale scattering and the wavelength‐dependent interaction between the planar and structured microdomains leads to an improved uniformity in the optoelectronic spectral response of these photodetectors. Furthermore, by tuning the multiperiodicity within the nanostructured domain structure, using a mechanical strain of 20%, an improvement of around 10% in the uniformity of the optoelectronic spectral response of the photodetectors is demonstrated. Simulations further show that these processes arise only in the presence of a hierarchical structure, due to multiscale interaction, through wavelength‐selective coupling of scattered light from nanostructured domains to the planar microdomains. In summary, hierarchical structures can address optoelectronic problems that cannot be addressed by simpler structures.
Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed Regioselective C−H Activation/Annulation for the Diverse Pyrazole‐Core Substituted Furans
Authors: Cai Hongyun , Thombal Raju S. , Li Xin , Lee Yong Rok
Published: June 2019

A novel and facile regioselective synthetic method for polyfunctionalized furans involving rhodium(III)‐catalyzed pyrazole‐ or indazole‐directed dual C−H functionalization with diazodicarbonyls has been developed. This strategy provides rapid access to diverse tetrasubstituted furans bearing various pyrazoles or indazoles. This unprecedented one‐pot protocol proceeds via cascade C−H activation, metal‐carbene formation, migratory insertion, intramolecular cyclization, and deprotonation.

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Gender‐based Harassment of Emergency Medicine Trainees: What Faculty Educators Need to Know
Authors: Jung Dawn
Published: June 2019

There is increased interest in workplace harassment as reports of improper workplace conduct have surfaced among multiple industries and governments. Accounts of sexual misconduct in academic medical centers also highlight the need for further education and training for faculty educators. The purpose of this paper is to provide faculty educators with the tools to recognize and respond to gender‐based harassment of medical trainees. More specifically, we will review existing literature, the definition of gender‐based harassment, federal laws, institutional reporting protocols, and retaliation toward reporters of harassing behavior.
Color and Morphology Camouflaging using Biomimetic Scales
Authors: Kamrava Soroush , Tatari Milad , Feng Xinyu , Ghosh Ranajay , Vaziri Ashkan
Published: June 2019

Due to obvious evolutionary advantages to both predator and prey, a rich gamut of camouflaging strategies exists in nature. Engineered camouflaging generally involves adapting bioinspired strategies to produce superior concealment and disguise in synthetic systems. Of special interest is dynamic, active camouflaging, which can rapidly conceal structures depending upon the background landscape. Herein, exciting advances are made by mimicking Cephalopod strategies. An alternative geometrically structured biomimetic scale‐based strategy, which is purely mechanical and simple but at the same time rapid, tailorable and tunable, and inherently multifunctional, is presented. Surfaces covered by biomimetic scales that are themselves covered by lenticular images are investigated. A concurrent programming strategy to tune surface morphology and color by controlling the angle of individual scales is introduced. As an example, a pneumatic design to control individual‐scale orientations using airflow, which enables both morphology and color camouflaging in less than a second, is demonstrated.
Workplace violence victimization in young workers: An analysis of the US National Crime Victimization Survey, 2008 to 2012
Authors: Toussaint Maisha , Ramirez Marizen R. , Peek‐Asa Corinne , Saftlas Audrey , Casteel Carri
Published: June 2019

Background

The aim of this study was to measure the frequency of workplace violence (WPV) victimization in 16 to 24‐year olds in the United States and compare rates by occupation and demographics.

Methods

As an open cohort, participants 12 years or older in the National Crime Victimization Survey were interviewed at 6‐month intervals over a 3‐year period from 2008 to 2012. WPV victimization rates were calculated. Weighted, multilevel Poisson regression was used to compare WPV victimization rates by occupation and demographics.

Results

The rate of WPV victimization was 1.11 incidents per 1000 employed person‐months (95% confidence interval: 0.95‐1.27). The highest rates of WPV were in protective service occupations (5.24/1000 person‐months), transportation (3.04/1000 person‐months), and retail sales (2.29/1000 person‐months). Compared with their respective counterparts, lower rates of WPV victimization were found among younger, black, and rural/suburban workers.

Conclusions

Findings identify occupations and target populations in need of future research and evidence‐based interventions to improve the working conditions for young workers.
Administration of antineoplastic drugs and fecundity in female nurses
Authors: Nassan Feiby L. , Lawson Christina C. , Gaskins Audrey J. , Johnson Candice Y. , Boiano James M. , Rich‐Edwards Janet W. , Chavarro Jorge E.
Published: June 2019

Background

We examined the association between the administration of antineoplastic drugs (AD) and fecundity among female nurses.

Methods

AD administration and use of exposure controls (EC) such as gloves, gowns, and needleless systems were self‐reported at baseline among 2649 participants of the Nurses’ Health Study 3, who were actively attempting pregnancy. Every 6 months thereafter, the nurses reported the current duration of their pregnancy attempt. Multivariable accelerated failure time models were used to estimate time ratios (TR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) adjusted for age, race, body mass index, smoking, marital status, hours of work, and other occupational risk factors.

Results

Mean (standard deviation) age and BMI at baseline were 30.7 years (4.7) and 26.0 kg/m2 (6.4). Forty‐one percent of nurses reported ever administering AD; 30% only in the past and 11% currently. The former administration of AD (TR = 1.02, 95% CI, 0.93‐1.12) was unrelated to the ongoing duration of pregnancy attempt. Among nurses currently administering AD, those who had administered AD for 6 years and above had a 27% (95% CI, 6%‐53%) longer duration of pregnancy attempt than nurses who never handled ADs in unadjusted analyses. This difference disappeared in multivariable analyses (TR = 1.01, 95% CI, 0.85‐1.21). 93% (n = 270) of the nurses currently administering ADs reported consistent use of EC. These nurses had a similar median duration of pregnancy attempt to those who never handled AD (TR = 1.00, 95% CI, 0.87‐1.15).

Conclusions

Administration of ADs did not appear to have an impact on fecundity in a cohort of nurses planning for pregnancy with a high prevalence of consistent ECs. Our results may not be generalizable to women who are less compliant with PPE use or with less availability to ECs. Therefore, it is possible that we did not observe an association between occupational exposure to AD and reduced fecundity because of lower exposure due to the more prevalent use of effective ECs.
Chiral Bicyclic Imidazole‐Catalyzed Direct Enantioselective C‐Acylation for the Synthesis of 2‐Oxindoles Bearing a Quaternary Stereocenter
Authors: Zhang Lu , Wang Mo , Zhou Muxing , Zhang Zhenfeng , Muraoka Masahiro , Zhang Wanbin
Published: June 2019

A direct enantioselective C‐acylation of N‐protected 3‐substituted‐2‐oxindoles has been developed for the synthesis of chiral N‐protected 2‐oxindoles bearing a 3‐acyl‐substituted quaternary stereocenter. Catalyzed by a chiral bicyclic imidazole organocatalyst, the target compounds were synthesized with high reactivity, good enantioselectivity of up to 88% ee, and low catalyst loading of down to 1 mol%.
Phase Regulation Strategy of Perovskite Nanocrystals from 1D Orthomorphic NH4PbI3 to 3D Cubic (NH4)0.5Cs0.5Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3 Phase Enhances Photoluminescence
Authors: Wang Chao , Liu Yue , Feng Xia , Zhou Chenyang , Liu Yalan , Yu Xi , Zhao Guangjiu
Published: June 2019

This work reports this first synthesis of 1D orthomorphic NH4PbI3 perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) considering the role of inorganic ammonium ions at the nanoscale. The addition of bromide ions at the halogen site did not improve the photoluminescence properties. Furthermore, the 3D cubic phase of (NH4)0.5Cs0.5Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3 NCs with bright photoluminescence was synthesized by adding Cs ions into the crystal lattice of (NH4)Pb(I0.5Br0.5)3. Moreover, the photophysical properties of different phase structures were studied using femtosecond transient absorption (FTA) spectroscopy. The ultrafast trap state capture process is a key factor in the change of photoluminescence properties and the cubic phase may be the best structure for photoluminescence. These results suggest that the ammonium ion perovskite (AIP) nanocrystals could be potential materials for optoelectronic applications through A‐site cation substitution.
Revealing the Distribution of Metal Carboxylates in Oil Paint from the Micro‐ to Nanoscale
Authors: Ma Xiao , Beltran Victoria , Ramer Georg , Pavlidis Georges , Parkinson Dilworth Y. , Thoury Mathieu , Meldrum Tyler , Centrone Andrea , Berrie Barbara H.
Published: June 2019

Oil paints comprise pigments, drying oils, and additives that together confer desirable properties, but can react to form metal carboxylates (soaps) that may damage artworks over time. To obtain information on soap formation and aggregation, we introduce a new tapping‐mode measurement paradigm for the photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) technique that enables nanoscale IR spectroscopy and imaging on highly heterogenous and rough paint thin sections. PTIR is used in combination with μ‐computed tomography and IR microscopy to determine the distribution of metal carboxylates in a 23‐year old oil paint of known formulation. Results show that heterogeneous agglomerates of Al‐stearate and a Zn‐carboxylate complex with Zn‐stearate nano‐aggregates in proximity are distributed randomly in the paint. The gradients of zinc carboxylates are unrelated to the Al‐stearate distribution. These measurements open a new chemically sensitive nanoscale observation window on the distribution of metal soaps that can bring insights for understanding soap formation in oil paint.
Mercury Cyanides and Isocyanides: NCHgCN and CNHgNC as well as NCHgHgCN and CNHgHgNC: Simple Molecules with Short, Strong Hg−Hg Bonds
Authors: Andrews Lester , Cho Han‐Gook
Published: June 2019

Mercury atoms, laser‐ablated from an amalgam dental filling target, react with cyanogen in excess argon during condensation at 4 K to form two major products in the 2200 cyanide M−C−N stretching region of the IR spectrum, which were assigned to NCHgCN and NCHgHgCN from their antisymmetric C−N stretching mode absorptions at 2213.8 and 2180.1 cm−1. Two broader bands in the isocyanide region at 2098.2 and 2089.6 cm−1 were assigned to CNHgNC and CNHgHgNC. The N‐bonded isomers were computed to be 603/33 and 823/69 times more intense IR absorbers than the C‐bonded isomers at the CCSD level of theory. The dissociation energy for the NCHg−HgCN molecule into two HgCN molecules was calculated to be 296 kJ mol−1 and that for CNHg−HgNC into two HgNC molecules is 304 kJ mol−1. These simple molecules with two cyanide or two isocyanide ligands have two of the shortest and strongest known Hg−Hg single bonds as the two electronegative CN ligands withdraw antibonding electron density from the bonding region.
The Proteome‐Wide Potential for Reversible Covalency at Cysteine
Authors: Senkane Kristine , Vinogradova Ekaterina V. , Suciu Radu M. , Crowley Vincent M. , Zaro Balyn W. , Bradshaw J. Michael , Brameld Ken A. , Cravatt Benjamin F.
Published: June 2019

Reversible covalency, achieved with, for instance, highly electron‐deficient olefins, offers a compelling strategy to design chemical probes and drugs that benefit from the sustained target engagement afforded by irreversible compounds, while avoiding permanent protein modification. Reversible covalency has mainly been evaluated for cysteine residues in individual kinases and the broader potential for this strategy to engage cysteines across the proteome remains unexplored. Herein, we describe a mass‐spectrometry‐based platform that integrates gel filtration with activity‐based protein profiling to assess cysteine residues across the human proteome for both irreversible and reversible interactions with small‐molecule electrophiles. Using this method, we identify numerous cysteine residues from diverse protein classes that are reversibly engaged by cyanoacrylamide fragment electrophiles, revealing the broad potential for reversible covalency as a strategy for chemical‐probe discovery.
Harvesting the Vibration Energy of BiFeO3 Nanosheets for Hydrogen Evolution
Authors: You Huilin , Wu Zheng , Zhang Luohong , Ying Yiran , Liu Yan , Fei Linfeng , Chen Xinxin , Jia Yanmin , Wang Yaojin , Wang Feifei , Ju Sheng , Qiao Jinli , Lam Chi‐Hang , Huang Haitao
Published: June 2019

In this study, mechanical vibration is used for hydrogen generation and decomposition of dye molecules, with the help of BiFeO3 (BFO) square nanosheets. A high hydrogen production rate of ≈124.1 μmol g−1 is achieved under mechanical vibration (100 W) for 1 h at the resonant frequency of the BFO nanosheets. The decomposition ratio of Rhodamine B dye reaches up to ≈94.1 % after mechanical vibration of the BFO catalyst for 50 min. The vibration‐induced catalysis of the BFO square nanosheets may be attributed to the piezocatalytic properties of BFO and the high specific surface area of the nanosheets. The uncompensated piezoelectric charges on the surfaces of BFO nanosheets induced by mechanical vibration result in a built‐in electric field across the nanosheets. Unlike a photocatalyst for water splitting, which requires a proper band edge position for hydrogen evolution, such a requirement is not needed in piezocatalytic water splitting, where the band tilting under the induced piezoelectric field will make the conduction band of BFO more negative than the H2/H2O redox potential (0 V) for hydrogen generation.
Cyclobis(7,8‐(para‐quinodimethane)‐4,4′‐triphenylamine) and Its Cationic Species Showing Annulene‐Like Global (Anti)Aromaticity
Authors: Dong Shaoqiang , Gopalakrishna Tullimilli Y. , Han Yi , Chi Chunyan
Published: June 2019

π‐Conjugated macrocycles containing all‐benzenoid rings usually show local aromaticity, but reported herein is the macrocycle CBQT, containing alternating para‐quinodimethane and triphenylamine units displaying annulene‐like anti‐aromaticity at low temperatures as a result of structural rigidity and participation of the bridging nitrogen atoms in π‐conjugation. It was easily synthesized by intermolecular Friedel–Crafts alkylation followed by oxidative dehydrogenation. X‐ray crystallographic structures of CBQT, as well as those of its dication, trication, and tetracation were obtained. The dication and tetracation exhibited global aromaticity and antiaromaticity, respectively, as confirmed by NMR measurements and theoretical calculations. Both the dication and tetracation possess open‐shell singlet ground states, with a small singlet–triplet gap.
Carbon black modified with 4‐hydroxymethylbenzenediazonium salt as filler for phenol‐formaldehyde resins and abrasive tools
Authors: Sandomierski Mariusz , Buchwald Tomasz , Strzemiecka Beata , Voelkel Adam
Published: June 2019

Although phenol‐formaldehyde (PF) resins possess excellent properties, they emit toxic substances during the decomposition of the crosslinking agent. Therefore, studies are being carried out on the fillers, which can reduce the amount of crosslinking agent. In this article, the synthesis of diazonium‐modified carbon black was conducted. Diazonium modification allows the effective incorporation of hydroxymethyl groups, which are responsible for the crosslinking of PF resins. Modified materials were used as active fillers in the PF composites and abrasive tools. Due to carbon modification, flexural strength increases 26% for PF resin composite and 1100% for abrasive tools. The increase is related to the resulting covalent bonds between the resin and the modified filler. Therefore, it can be stated that application of active filler improves the properties of novolac composites and abrasive tools. The use of this type of fillers may affect the reduction of the amount of crosslinking agent in the future. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020, 137, 48160.
Enhancing hemoglobin peptide production from chicken blood fermentation by food‐grade nonionic surfactant
Authors: Li Deng‐Long , Wu Bin , Zhang Xuan , Li Ming‐Yuan , Cheng Jing‐Rong , Tang Dao‐Bang
Published: June 2019

This study is focused on employing a potential process technology for enhancing hemoglobin peptides production from chicken blood. Effects of surfactants on chicken blood biodegradation and hemoglobin polypeptide accumulation were evaluated and the bioconversion conditions were optimized. Results suggested that surfactants exhibited the positive effect on hemoglobin peptides production during chicken blood bioconversion by Aspergillus niger. Dodecyl glucopyranoside was selected as the optimal surfactant and added at the 48th hour of the fermentation process (64 H) at the concentration of 6.0 g/L. Under the optimized conditions, 104.5 mg·N/mL amino nitrogen, 638.3 mg·N/mL nonprotein nitrogen, and 766.3 mg·N/mL soluble nitrogen were detected, which increased by approximately 0.7‐, 3.7‐, and 3.8‐fold, respectively, compared with the control. Furthermore, the acid protease stability was remarkably intensified and the accumulated peptides were mainly distributed at 500–2,000 Da. Results from this work corroborate the potential of applying dodecyl glucopyranoside in hemoglobin polypeptide production from chicken blood.
Copper(I)‐catalyzed Cyclization Reactions of Ethyl (E)‐α‐Ethynyl‐β‐Aryl‐α,β‐Unsaturated Esters with N‐Sulfonyl Azides: Synthesis of 1‐Aminonaphthalene, 3‐Aminobenzofuran, and 3‐Aminothiobenzofuran Derivatives
Authors: Son Jeong‐Yu , Han Gi Uk , Ko Gi Hoon , Maeng Chanyoung , Shin Seohyun , Lee Phil Ho
Published: June 2019

A synthetic method for ethyl 4‐(alkyl or arylsulfonamido)‐2‐naphthoates from ethyl (E)‐α‐ethynyl‐β‐aryl‐α,β‐unsaturated esters (1) and N‐sulfonyl azides (2) in the presence of 2,6‐lutidine in THF at 60 °C for 3 h was developed in one step, in which a copper(I)‐catalyzed 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition, ketenimine formation, and 6π‐electrocyclization followed by [1,3]‐H shift tandem reaction took place. This method enabled efficient synthesis of a wide range of 1‐aminonaphthalene and 3‐aminobenzofuran and 3‐aminobenzothiophene derivatives with the release of molecular nitrogen.
Simultaneous determination of N‐ethylpentylone, dopamine, 5‐hydroxytryptamine and their metabolites in rat brain microdialysis by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Authors: Lin Zebin , Wang Hao , Hu Luyuyan , Li Jiaolun , Lin Junyi , Liu Baonian , Zhao Ziqin , Rao Yulan
Published: June 2019

N‐Ethylpentylone (NEP) is a popular synthetic cathinone abused worldwide. To obtain more information about its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, a rapid, simple and sensitive liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for the determination of NEP, two important neurotransmitters, dopamine and serotonin, and their metabolites, including 3,4‐dihydroxyphenylacetic acid, 3‐methoxytyramine and 5‐hydroxyindole‐3‐acetic acid, in rat brain microdialysate. The analytes were separated on a Phnomenex Polar C18 column, with a mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and 0.1% formic acid in acetonitrile (B) under gradient elution to shorten the total chromatographic run time. A triple quadruple mass spectrometer coupled with an electrospray ionization source in both positive and negative ion mode was used to detect the analytes. This method showed excellent accuracy (87.4–113.5%) and precision (relative standard deviation <15%) at three quality control levels. The limits of detection were 0.2 ng/mL for NEP and 0.2–50 nm for the others and good linearity was obtained. This study pioneered a method to integrate exogenous drugs and endogenous neurotransmitters as the drugs act on the same determination system, which means that this innovation can provide support for further study of the addictive effects of NEP or other synthetic cathinones on extracellular levels of dopamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine.
What do venture philanthropy organisations seek in social enterprises?
Authors: Leborgne‐Bonassié Marie , Coletti Michele , Sansone Giuliano
Published: June 2019

Venture philanthropy organisations (VPOs) help social enterprises (SEs) to achieve social impact and economic sustainability. This paper aims at explaining why VPOs invest in SEs and how they select their investments. It is based on the case study of an international VPO: danone.communities. Our findings show that VPOs provide SEs with financial and nonfinancial support to tackle social challenges. In return, they acquire knowledge and improve their reputation. We discuss three main factors that VPOs seek when selecting their investments in SEs: the social value proposition of the SE, key resources and processes of both SE and VPO, and the synergies between them. Finally, we propose some criteria to assess such partnerships.
Impellent impeller—Switching intra‐aortic balloon pump to IMPELLA‐CP after ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction and refractory cardiogenic shock
Authors: Contarini Marco , Costa Francesco , Garcia Ruiz Maria Victoria , Scalise Renato F. M. , De Velli Giovanni , Murè Paola , Mazzone Paolo , Sacchetta Giorgio , Andò Giuseppe
Published: June 2019

Cardiogenic shock is a dreadful complication of myocardial infarction. Despite widespread use and availability, intra‐aortic balloon pump (IABP) does not reduce mortality nor improves outcomes. Advanced mechanical circulatory support with IMPELLA system can substantially support hemodynamics and improve short‐term prognosis in patients with myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock.
Global kernel estimator and test of varying‐coefficient autoregressive model
Authors: Lin Huazhen , Yang Baoying , Zhou Ling , Yip Paul S. F. , Chen Ying‐Yeh , Liang Hua
Published: June 2019

We propose a varying‐coefficient autoregressive model that contains additive models, varying‐ coefficient models, partially linear models and low‐dimensional interaction models as special cases. A global kernel backfitting method is proposed for the estimation and inference of parameters and unknown functions in this model. Key large‐sample results are established, including estimation consistency, asymptotic normality and the generalized likelihood ratio test for parameters and non‐parametric functions. The proposed methodology is examined by simulation studies and applied to examine the relationship between suicide news reports in the three leading newspapers and the daily number of suicides in Taiwan. The relationship between the media reporting and suicide incidence has been established and explored.The Canadian Journal of Statistics47: 487–519; 2019 © 2019 Statistical Society of Canada
Adjuvant therapy in renal cell carcinoma
Authors: Gul Anita , Rini Brian I.
Published: June 2019

Localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has an associated risk of recurrence after nephrectomy. Several clinical risk models attempt to predict oncologic outcomes based on clinical and pathologic features. In addition, novel gene signatures have been developed to refine risk prediction based on tumor biology. Systemic therapies targeting angiogenic pathways that are effective in metastatic RCC failed to show an improvement in overall survival in the adjuvant setting. Immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown significant antitumor activity with prolonged and durable responses in metastatic RCC, which led to an interest in evaluating these agents in the adjuvant setting. In this review, clinical risk‐predictive models, novel gene signatures, major clinical trials completed in the adjuvant setting, ongoing immune checkpoint inhibitor trials, and the perspective of adjuvant treatment in RCC are discussed.
Individualized prediction of leukemia‐free survival after autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myeloid leukemia
Authors: Shouval Roni , Labopin Myriam , Gorin Norbert C. , Bomze David , Houhou Mohamed , Blaise Didier , Zuckerman Tsila , Baerlocher Gabriela M. , Capria Saveria , Forcade Edouard , Huynh Anne , Saccardi Riccardo , Martino Massimo , Schaap Michel , Wu Depei , Mohty Mohamad , Nagler Arnon
Published: June 2019

Background

Autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) is a potential consolidation therapy for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study was designed to develop a prediction model for leukemia‐free survival (LFS) in a cohort of patients with de novo AML treated with ASCT during their first complete remission.

Methods

This was a registry study of 956 patients reported to the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. The primary outcome was LFS. Multivariate Cox regression modeling with backward selection was used to select variables for the construction of the nomogram. The nomogram's performance was evaluated with discrimination (the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]) and calibration.

Results

Age and cytogenetic risk (with or without FMS‐like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication) were predictive of LFS and were used for the construction of the nomogram. Each factor in the nomogram was ascribed points according to its predictive weight. Through the calculation of the total score, the probability of LFS at 1, 3, and 5 years for each patient could be estimated. The discrimination of the nomogram, measured as the AUC, was 0.632 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.595‐0.669), 0.670 (95% CI, 0.635‐0.705), and 0.687 (95% CI, 0.650‐0.724), respectively. Further validation with bootstrapping showed similar AUCs (0.629 [95% CI, 0.597‐0.657], 0.667 [95% CI, 0.633‐0.699], and 0.679 [95% CI, 0.647‐0.712], respectively), and this suggested that the model was not overfitted. Calibration was excellent. Patients were stratified into 4 incremental 5‐year prognostic groups, with the probabilities of LFS and overall survival ranging from 25% to 64% and from 33% to 79%, respectively.

Conclusions

The Auto‐AML nomogram score is a tool integrating individual prognostic factors to provide a probabilistic estimation of LFS after ASCT for patients with AML.
Frontiers in intravital multiphoton microscopy of cancer
Authors: Perrin Louisiane , Bayarmagnai Battuya , Gligorijevic Bojana
Published: June 2019

Background

Cancer is a highly complex disease, which involves the cooperation of tumor cells with multiple types of host cells and the extracellular matrix. Cancer studies that rely solely on static measurements of individual cell types are insufficient to dissect this complexity. In the last two decades, intravital microscopy has established itself as a powerful technique that can significantly improve our understanding of cancer by revealing the dynamic interactions governing cancer initiation, progression, and treatment effects in living animals. This review focuses on intravital multiphoton microscopy (IV‐MPM) applications in mouse models of cancer.

Recent findings

IV‐MPM studies have already enabled a deeper understanding of the complex events occurring in cancer at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels. Multiple cell types present in different tissues influence cancer cell behavior via activation of distinct signaling pathways. As a result, the boundaries in the field of IV‐MPM are continuously being pushed to provide an integrated comprehension of cancer. We propose that optics, informatics, and cancer (cell) biology are coevolving as a new field. We have identified four emerging themes in this new field. First, new microscopy systems and image processing algorithms are enabling the simultaneous identification of multiple interactions between the tumor cells and the components of the tumor microenvironment. Second, techniques from molecular biology are being exploited to visualize subcellular structures and protein activities within individual cells of interest and relate those to phenotypic decisions, opening the door for “in vivo cell biology”. Third, combining IV‐MPM with additional imaging modalities or omics studies holds promise for linking the cell phenotype to its genotype, metabolic state, or tissue location. Finally, the clinical use of IV‐MPM for analyzing efficacy of anticancer treatments is steadily growing, suggesting a future role of IV‐MPM for personalized medicine.

Conclusion

IV‐MPM has revolutionized visualization of tumor‐microenvironment interactions in real time. Moving forward, incorporation of novel optics, automated image processing, and omics technologies in the study of cancer biology, will not only advance our understanding of the underlying complexities but will also leverage the unique aspects of IV‐MPM for clinical use.
Bioequivalence of Ertugliflozin/Sitagliptin Fixed‐Dose Combination Tablets and Coadministration of Respective Strengths of Individual Components
Authors: Fediuk Daryl J. , Matschke Kyle , Liang Yali , Pelletier Kathleen B. , Wei Hua , Shi Haihong , Bass Almasa , Hickman Anne , Terra Steven G. , Zhou Susan , Krishna Rajesh , Sahasrabudhe Vaishali
Published: June 2019

A fixed‐dose combination (FDC) tablet of ertugliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium‐glucose cotransporter 2, and sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 inhibitor, was developed for the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Four studies were conducted under fasted conditions to demonstrate bioequivalence of ertugliflozin/sitagliptin FDC tablets and individual components at respective strengths when coadministered in healthy subjects. All studies had open‐label, randomized, 2‐period, 2‐sequence, single‐dose crossover designs. In each study 18 or 19 subjects were enrolled and received an ertugliflozin/sitagliptin FDC tablet (5 mg/50 mg, 5 mg/100 mg, 15 mg/50 mg, or 15 mg/100 mg) and corresponding strengths of ertugliflozin and sitagliptin coadministered as individual components. For both ertugliflozin and sitagliptin, the 90%CIs for the ratio (FDC:coadministration) of geometric means for area under the plasma concentration‐time profile from time 0 extrapolated to infinite time, and maximum observed plasma concentration, were within acceptance criteria for bioequivalence (80% to 125%). All adverse events were mild in intensity. The 4 studies demonstrated that each strength of FDC tablet is bioequivalent to the respective dose of coadministered individual components. This indicates that the known efficacy and tolerability of ertugliflozin and sitagliptin when coadministered can be translated to the use of a FDC formulation.
A novel infant cry recognition system using auditory model‐based robust feature and GMM‐UBM
Authors: Jiang Lin , Yi Yumei , Chen Defeng , Tan Ping , Liu Xingbao
Published: June 2019

Recognizing infant cry is a meaning work, which can help new parent to understand infant's needs. Mostly, the motivation of existed recognition features is based on the psychoacoustic model. However, weak features are not enough to represent the details of infant cry. To address this issue, we propose a novel infant cry recognition system. In our system, the feature extraction method derived from auditory model, this model can address the auditory neural active representation. Additionally, we designed the intelligent system by a classifier named Gaussian Mixture Model‐Universal Background Model, which has a robust recognition performance to channel imbalance and corroded signal. The experiment results have shown a superior performance. Compared with the High‐order Spectral feature, a state‐of‐the‐art feature, when using Gaussian Mixture Model and General Background Model as classifier, the recognition accuracy improved by 14.6% and 13.7% under clear and corroded signal, respectively.
Boron‐Conjugated Pyrenes as Fluorescence‐Based Molecular Probes and Security Markers
Authors: Wakchaure Vivek Chandrakant , Das Tamal , Babu Sukumaran Santhosh
Published: June 2019

Boron‐embedded aromatic hydrocarbons are a class of molecules known for their distinct electronic and/or optoelectronic properties and are thus suitable for many potential applications. Among those, boronic ester and acid containing molecules have been widely used for sensing and molecular recognition applications, respectively. We compared the sensing and molecular recognition properties of two boron‐containing pyrene derivatives for fluoride and glucose sensing applications. The presence of four boronate ester groups enabled fluoride ion sensing at the μM level. The boronic acid derivative is very selective towards glucose compared to other saccharides. Furthermore, we used the mechano‐responsive fluorescence changes and self‐assembly of these derivatives, respectively, for fluorescence‐based inkless and ink (water)‐based writing in invisible security labeling applications.
RAT selection for a low battery mobile device for future 5G networks
Authors: Adiwal Manisha , Singh Niraj Pratap
Published: June 2019

The growth of wireless communication toward fifth generation will lead to the existence of number of access technologies to provide seamless connectivity and form heterogeneous network environment. Earlier, there was single access technology to run applications, but 5G will have heterogeneous network environment and provide separate network for each application. As compared with 4G, 5G will provide increase in data rate, decrease in delay, increase in quality of service, and so on because of its various enabling technologies. Therefore, for each application, selection of best access network via its enabling technology is an important task. This selection is done either at user terminal side or at network operator side by combining preferences for network attributes and network parameters. In this paper, to enjoy 5G, selection is done in a heterogeneous networks environment for enabling technologies like device‐to‐device communication, spectrum sharing, enhancing quality of experience, energy efficiency, and so on. This selection is done via optimization techniques for a fixed duration video clip that is to be transmitted from a device running low in battery. The selection environment composed of UMTS, WLAN1, and WLAN2 as available networks. The simulation results show that the network selected for each enabling technology supports various features of 5G. Also, error analysis of selection results is done using confidence interval estimate at 90%, 92%, and 95% confidence level. From results obtained, it is seen that different optimization techniques used to access network for different enabling technologies (providing 5G features) prove to be useful for future 5G network.
Fine‐needle aspiration of adrenal lesions: A 20‐year single institution experience with comparison of percutaneous and endoscopic ultrasound guided approaches
Authors: Novotny Aaron G. , Reynolds Jordan P. , Shah Akeesha A. , Bhatt Amit , Chahal Prabhleen , Remer Erick M. , Stevens Tyler , Gmitro Stephen , Sturgis Charles D.
Published: June 2019

Background

Historically, sampling of adrenal lesions has been performed by percutaneous image‐guided fine‐needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy. Endoscopic ultrasound guided (EUS)‐FNA of the adrenals was first employed at Cleveland Clinic ~10 years ago. We report a two‐decade experience of adrenal FNA in our institution.

Methods

An electronic retrieval identified adrenal FNAs from 1997 to 2017. Data points from each case (diagnosis, method of FNA, age, sex, laterality, needle gauge, size of lesion, adequacy of sample, and histologic follow up) were analyzed.

Results

Our retrieval confirmed 198 adrenal FNAs performed over 20 years. Of these, 90% (179/198) were percutaneous, and the remaining 10% (19/198) were collected by EUS. Of the 179 CT guided FNAs, 93% (162/179) yielded an adequate specimen as compared with an adequacy rate of 89% (17/19) for EUS‐FNAs, with no significant difference in adequacy rates by collection method, P = .64 (Fisher's exact). Of all adrenal FNAs, 53% (105/198) confirmed metastases, 33% (65/198) showed adrenal cells or primary adrenal neoplasms (85% cortical cells, 14% cortical neoplasia, 1% pheochromocytoma), 8% were inadequate (15/198), 3% were atypical (7/198), and 2% were suspicious for malignancy (5/198).

Conclusion

FNA of the adrenal glands can be useful in the diagnosis and staging of metastatic neoplasms, as well as in distinguishing primary adrenal cortical from medullary neoplasms and characterizing hematolymphoid and mesenchymal neoplasms. Overall adequacy rates for adrenal cytology are high (92%) with no statistically significant difference between CT‐guided (93%) and EUS‐FNA adequacy (89%). The majority of our procedures confirmed metastases, sparing patients unnecessary surgery.
Circadian rhythms enable efficient resource selection in a human‐modified landscape
Authors: Fischer Manuela , Di Stefano Julian , Gras Pierre , Kramer‐Schadt Stephanie , Sutherland Duncan R. , Coulson Graeme , Stillfried Milena
Published: June 2019

Animals access resources such as food and shelter, and acquiring these resources has varying risks and benefits, depending on the suitability of the landscape. Some animals change their patterns of resource selection in space and time to optimize the trade‐off between risks and benefits. We examine the circadian variation in resource selection of swamp wallabies (Wallabia bicolor) within a human‐modified landscape, an environment of varying suitability. We used GPS data from 48 swamp wallabies to compare the use of landscape features such as woodland and scrub, housing estates, farmland, coastal areas, wetlands, waterbodies, and roads to their availability using generalized linear mixed models. We investigated which features were selected by wallabies and determined whether the distance to different landscape features changed, depending on the time of the day. During the day, wallabies were more likely to be found within or near natural landscape features such as woodlands and scrub, wetlands, and coastal vegetation, while avoiding landscape features that may be perceived as more risky (roads, housing, waterbodies, and farmland), but those features were selected more at night. Finally, we mapped our results to predict habitat suitability for swamp wallabies in human‐modified landscapes. We showed that wallabies living in a human‐modified landscape selected different landscape features during day or night. Changing circadian patterns of resource selection might enhance the persistence of species in landscapes where resources are fragmented and disturbed.
Tree density influences ecohydrological drivers of plant–water relations in a larch boreal forest in Siberia
Authors: Kropp Heather , Loranty Michael M. , Natali Susan M. , Kholodov Alexander L. , Alexander Heather D. , Zimov Nikita S. , Mack Michelle C. , Spawn Seth A.
Published: June 2019

Transpiration and stomatal conductance in deciduous needleleaf boreal forests of northern Siberia can be highly sensitive to water stress, permafrost thaw, and atmospheric dryness. Additionally, north‐eastern Siberian boreal forests are fire‐driven, and larch (Larix spp.) are the sole tree species. We examined differences in tree water use, stand characteristics, and stomatal responses to environmental drivers between high and low tree density stands that burned 76 years ago in north‐eastern Siberia. Our results provide process‐level insight to climate feedbacks related to boreal forest productivity, water cycles, and permafrost across Arctic regions. The high density stand had shallower permafrost thaw depths and deeper moss layers than the low density stand. Rooting depths and shallow root biomass were similar between stands. Daily transpiration was higher on average in the high‐density stand 0.12 L m−2 day−1 (SE: 0.004) compared with the low density stand 0.10 L m−2 day−1 (SE: 0.001) throughout the abnormally wet summer of 2016. Transpiration rates tended to be similar at both stands during the dry period in 2017 in both stands of 0.10 L m−2 day−1 (SE: 0.002). The timing of precipitation impacted stomatal responses to environmental drivers, and the high density stand was more dependent on antecedent precipitation that occurred over longer periods in the past compared with the low density stand. Post‐fire tree density differences in plant–water relations may lead to different trajectories in plant mortality, water stress, and ecosystem water cycles across Siberian landscapes.
BSA‐Polysaccharide Interactions at Negatively Charged Electrode Surface. Effects of Current Density.
Authors: Černocká Hana , Izadi Nasim , Ostatná Veronika , Strmečki Slađana
Published: June 2019

Constant current chronopotentiometric stripping (CPS) peak H due to catalytic hydrogen evolution reaction on Hg‐containing electrodes appeared useful in the analysis of protein complexes with single‐stranded and double‐stranded DNA as well as with peptides. In dependence on stripping current (Istr), structural transition of the protein alone or in complexes can be followed as a result of the protein exposure to electric field effects. For the first time we show here that the CPS analysis can be used for the study of the interaction of BSA with a polysaccharide namely sodium alginate (SA). BSA‐SA complex formation was accompanied by the shift of the structural transition of BSA to lower ‐Istr intensities. Another polysaccharide dextran did not alter Istr‐dependent structural transition of BSA. BSA‐SA complex can be disturbed by an electric field effect or high ionic strength confirming the electrostatic nature of BSA‐SA interaction.
Quantification of inherent energy resilience of process systems for optimization of energy usage
Authors: Guha Sirshendu
Published: June 2019

This study shows how inherent energy resilience for process systems can be conceptualized from the perspectives of material resilience. Equations are derived to assess inherent energy resilience properties of constituent process systems of a gas sweetening unit (GSU). A new method is introduced for identifying thermodynamically efficient operating capacity regime for optimization of energy usage in GSU. It is found that the GSU operating capacity range of 80–100% is the most thermodynamically efficient operating capacity regime. It is evaluated that operation of the GSU below 80% of its design capacity will incur higher percentage of wastage of valuable work in spite of spending lesser total work. Process simulator, Pro/II has been utilized for this study.
Rabin's paradox for health outcomes
Authors: Lipman Stefan A. , Attema Arthur E.
Published: June 2019

Many health economic studies assume expected utility maximisation, with typically a concave utility function to capture risk aversion. Given these assumptions, Rabin's paradox (RP) involves preferences over mixed gambles yielding moderate outcomes, where turning down such gambles imply absurd levels of risk aversion. Although RP is considered a classic critique of expected utility, no paper has as of yet fully tested its preferences within individuals. In an experiment we report a direct test of RP in the health domain, which was previously only considered in the economic literature, showing it may have pervasive implications here too. Our paper supports the shift towards alternative, empirically valid models, such as prospect theory, also in the health domain. These alternative models are able to accommodate Rabin's paradox by allowing reference‐dependence and loss aversion.
Stimulant expectancy questionnaire for men who have sex with men: A measure of substance‐related beliefs
Authors: Mullens Amy B. , Fein Erich C. , Young Ross McD. , Dunne Michael P. , Norton Graham , Daken Kirstie
Published: June 2019

Issue addressed

Stimulant use has been identified as a key risk factor for sexual behaviours leading to HIV transmission. Substance‐related expectancies are associated with substance use and postsubstance use thoughts, feelings and behaviours. Expectancies held by specific cultural subgroups have rarely been investigated, particularly regarding a range of commonly used stimulants.

Method

The Stimulant Expectancy Questionnaire for Men who have Sex with Men (SEQ‐MSM) was initially generated through consumer panel and interviews regarding the most commonly used stimulants among MSM in Australia (methamphetamine, amphetamines and ecstasy), with initial administration among 98 MSM to facilitate item reduction. A community sample of 427 MSM was used to validate the SEQ‐MSM, with exploratory factor analysis (EFA; n = 202) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 225).

Results

EFA revealed three distinct substance reinforcement domains (‘Enhanced sexual experience’, ‘Sexual communication and negotiation’ and ‘Cognitive impairment’). The scale was associated with stimulant consumption patterns (including greater expectancies regarding sexual enhancement among methamphetamine users), and the factor structure, comprising a final form of the MSM‐SEQ, was confirmed through CFA.

Conclusions

The SEQ‐MSM represents a reliable measure of outcome expectancies related to the range of commonly used stimulants among Australian MSM. Development of applied validation studies with the SEQ‐MSM is a key next step in advancing health promotion, clinical interventions and research efforts to reduce harm (eg, HIV transmission) associated with stimulant use (particularly methamphetamine) among MSM.

So what?

Objectives: This research maps expectancies specific among gay and men who have sex with men (MSM), and relationships between expectancies and stimulant use patterns and behaviours postuse – including sexual activity (eg, condomless anal sex).
A PAK5–DNPEP–USP4 axis dictates breast cancer growth and metastasis
Authors: Geng Nanxi , Li Yang , Zhang Wenyu , Wang Fei , Wang Xu , Jin Zining , Xing Yao , Li Danni , Zhang Hongyan , Li Yanshu , Li Xiaodong , Cheng Maosheng , Jin Feng , Li Feng
Published: June 2019

Although clinically associated with the progression of multiple cancers, the biological function of p21‐activated kinase 5 (PAK5) in breast cancer remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal that the PAK5–aspartyl aminopeptidase (DNPEP)–ubiquitin‐specific protease 4 (USP4) axis is involved in breast cancer progression. We show that PAK5 interacts with and phosphorylates DNPEP at serine 119. Functionally, we demonstrate that DNPEP overexpression suppresses breast cancer cell proliferation and invasion and restricts breast cancer growth and metastasis in mice. Furthermore, we identify USP4 as a downstream target of the PAK5–DNPEP pathway; DNPEP mediates USP4 downregulation. Importantly, we verify that DNPEP expression is frequently downregulated in breast cancer tissues and is negatively correlated with PAK5 and USP4 expression. PAK5 decreases DNPEP abundance via the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Consistently, analyses of clinical breast cancer specimens revealed significantly increased PAK5 and USP4 levels and an association between higher PAK5 and USP4 expression and worse breast cancer patient survival. These findings suggest a pivotal role for PAK5‐elicited signaling in breast cancer progression.