bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How TOMS’ “one day without shoes” campaign brings stakeholders together and co-creates value for the brand using Instagram as a platform
Authors: Roncha Ana , Radclyffe-Thomas Natascha
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the power of social media networks, namely Instagram, in building brand communities and co-creating value for brands. By analysing the 2015 campaign #withoutshoes by TOMS, the authors intend to demonstrate how the value creation process can be extended to involve all stakeholders and raise the effectiveness of a brand’s communication campaign.

Design/methodology/approach

– A qualitative approach was taken to enable an understanding of online consumer behaviour. A series of qualitative semi-structured interviews were conducted with retail and marketing professionals from the TOMS brand to explore brand strategy. The TOMS Instagram account was analysed for a specific marketing communications event and summative content analysis was applied to the brand’s Instagram profile in order to allow for an in-depth exploration of the co-creation process. Triangulation was used for the multiple sources of evidence in order to build the study and to establish the convergence of data results, to diminish bias and to increase accuracy of the research data (Saunderset al., 2009).

Findings

– Through a detailed overview of the campaign developed by TOMS, this paper explores how TOMS fosters the formation of consumer-brand-relationships as well as maps out the advantages of value co-creation. The research findings support the literature on co-creation, which argues that the way to achieve innovation and value creation in the changing and challenging marketing landscape is through co-creation. This study adds to the findings that co-creation strategies are a privileged manner of nurturing customer relationships and of lowering costs for marketing and research and development (Sawhneyet al., 2005; Prandelliet al., 2006).

Originality/value

– There are a relatively limited number of studies focusing on the Instagram platform, and of those carried out thus far most concentrate on how the platform interprets cultural issues, rather than how it can be used effectively as a marketing strategy and how it can leverage user’s preferences. Also, not a lot of studies have focused on the relationship between value co-creation and its relevance and impact on brands through engagement processes and the role of experience in brand building. Brand value co-creation through human experiences can provide considerable implications for brand management (Prahalad and Ramaswamy, 2004a) as well as be a key component in the building process of customer experiences. This study suggests new approaches to getting useful insights about how brands can use social media to further engage with their target audience though an integrative framework of brand value co-creation with theoretical underpinning.
HR managers’ decision-making processes: a “reflective practice” analysis
Authors: Walger Carolina , Roglio Karina De Dea , Abib Gustavo
Published: June 2016

Purpose

Human resources (HR) department managers play an important role in the processes of defining and implementing organizational strategies. From this perspective, decisions made by HR managers directly influence organizations’ competitiveness. There is a gap in the literature related to decision-making processes by these managers, particularly with respect to the subjective elements involved in them. This paper’s aim is to analyze HR managers’ strategic decision-making processes from the perspective of reflective practice.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative study was conducted based on an analysis of five HR department managers’ strategic decision-making processes.

Findings

The results indicate that reflection-in-action is one possibility for narrowing the gap between action and reflection in management practice, as this could contribute to improving strategic decisions; HR managers’ decisions are delimited by internal and external organizational issues; and these decisions involve intensive information sharing.

Research limitations/implications

The results of this research contribute to extend the existing knowledge on reflection, one of the subjective elements that influences decision-making processes, and which has been identified as a subject in need of research by several authors (Eisenhardt and Zbaracki, 1992; Hambrick, 2007; Langleyet al., 1995; Nutt, 2010).

Practical implications

A better understanding of HR managers’ decision-making processes, particularly in the Brazilian context, which other organizations can use as examples of alternative choices for HR departments strategic management. For managers, reflection-in-action facilitates an effective decision-making process, increases self-knowledge, contributes to the processes of individual and organizational learning and improves managers’ global overview of their organizations.

Originality/value

These results represent a development in understanding one of the subjective elements of HR department managers’ decision-making processes – reflection – and should help to improve the results of strategic decisions by these managers and by managers of other organizational departments.
Effect of stoichiometric ratios for synthesized epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) resins on their physicochemical, thermomechanical and morphological properties
Authors: Das Abhishek , Sarkhel Gautam
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to study the effect of various stoichiometric ratios for synthesised epoxy phenolic novolac (EPN) resins on their physicochemical, thermomechanical and morphological properties.

Design/methodology/approach

In the present study, EPN (EPN-1, EPN-2, EPN-3, EPN-4 and EPN-5) resins were synthesised by varying five types of different stoichiometric ratios for phenol/formaldehyde along with the corresponding molar ratios for novolac/epichlorohydrin. Their different physicochemical properties of interest, thermomechanical properties as well as morphological properties were studied by means of cured samples with the variation of its stoichiometric ratios.

Findings

The average functionality and reactivity of EPN resin can be controlled by controlling epoxy equivalence as well as cross-linking density upon its curing as all of these factors are internally correlated with each other.

Research limitations/implications

Epoxy resins are characterised by a three-membered ring known as the epoxy or oxirane group. The capability of the epoxy ring to react with a variety of substrates imparts versatility to the resin. However, these resins have a major drawback of low toughness, and they are also very brittle, which limits their application in products that require high impact and fracture strength.

Practical implications

Epoxy resins have been widely used as high-performance adhesives and matrix resins for composites because of their outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. Because of their highly cross-linked structure, the epoxy resin disables segmental movement, making them hard, and it is also notch sensitive, having very low fracture energy.

Social implications

Epoxy resin is widely used in industry as protective coatings and for structural applications, such as laminates and composites, tooling, moulding, casting, bonding and adhesives.

Originality/value

Systematic study has been done for the first time, as no exact quantitative stoichiometric data for the synthesis of EPN resin were available on the changes of its different properties. Thus, an optimised stoichiometric composition for the synthesis of the EPN resin was found.
Social capital: mediator of financial literacy and financial inclusion in rural Uganda
Authors: Okello Candiya Bongomin George , Ntayi Joseph Mpeera , Munene John C. , Nkote Nabeta Isaac
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine the mediating role of social capital in financial literacy and financial inclusion relationship in rural Uganda. The major aim is to establish the role of social capital in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper adopts and uses MedGraph programme (Excel version 3.0), Sobel and Kenny and Baron tests to test the mediation effect of social capital in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion.

Findings

The results reveals that social capital is a significant mediator in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion of rural poor in Uganda. Financial literacy did not have a direct effect on financial inclusion, but through full mediation of social capital. Existence of social capital into the relationship boosts the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion by 61.6 per cent among rural poor households in Uganda. Thus, the finding suggests that with the absence of social capital, financial literacy may fail to enhance the level of financial inclusion among rural poor households in Uganda.

Research limitations/implications

This study adopted only single research approach using a questionnaire. However, future research through interview may be of importance. Besides, for the purpose of triangulation, a study involving financial institutions’ staff may be viable. Moreover this study was limited by the fact that it was cross-sectional. Furthermore, a longitudinal study may be useful in future to investigate the mediating impact of social capital spanning over a long period of time.

Practical implications

Managers, policymakers and financial inclusion practitioners should advocate and embark on building social capital among rural communities, so as to improve on the level of financial inclusion.

Originality/value

While a large body of research has been carried out on financial literacy, this paper is the first to test the mediating role of social capital in the relationship between financial literacy and financial inclusion, especially in rural Uganda. This study generates evidence and contributes to the powerful influence of social capital in enhancing the level of financial inclusion based on financial literacy.
Promoting health literacy within a graduate-level nutrition curriculum
Authors: Beyer Charlotte , Thomson J. Scott
Published: June 2016

Purpose

This paper describes how two academic health science librarians exposed graduate students to health literacy concepts in a graduate-level nutrition course. This paper aims to present an easy method for librarians to expose students in the health professions to concepts of health literacy.

Design/methodology/approach

The Information and Health Literacy course is an online course co-taught by nutrition faculty and librarians at Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science. The librarian-led one-week health literacy module begins with readings that define health literacy and continues with two online discussion board activities. One activity is identifying an example of low health literacy in their personal or professional lives, and the other is using criteria from the readings in their analysis of a consumer health website.

Findings

Students often comment that prior to taking this course, they had not considered how patients might think about and understand their own health care, but they will now take it into account going forward. Many students also felt that the assignment made them view Web resources for patients differently and with a more critical eye.

Originality/value

Those in allied health professions like registered dietitians often have direct contact with patients and have the ability to make a significant impact. If students are exposed to health literacy concepts through online activities within the curriculum, they may be more aware of this important concept when working with patients in the future.
Health information: print materials assessment in public libraries
Authors: Flaherty Mary Grace , Kaplan Samantha Jan
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose this study was to determine currency of print health materials readily available in North Carolina public libraries, through a statewide assessment. Two subject areas were examined: health reference and diabetes.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 30 randomly selected public libraries were visited and unobtrusive stacks assessments were completed. Some months later, the libraries’ websites were examined for collection development policies, and online catalogs were searched using the keyword diabetes to identify possible discrepancies and additions.

Findings

For visits, publication dates for reference books ranged from 1899-2014 and the average number of holdings was 10 (range 0-30). The most common reference item, the AMA Family Medical Guide (2005), was available in 6 of 30 libraries. In diabetes collections, publication dates ranged from 1983-2013; the average number of books was nine (range 0-26). The Atkins Diabetes Revolution (2004) was the most common, available in 9 of 30 libraries. Two-thirds of libraries did not have a collection development policy online. Catalog searches revealed 10 titles prior to 1983 and 18 titles (non-cook books) from 2014-2016.

Practical implications

The study found overall that print health reference books were outdated. In diabetes collections, there were also many outdated items. It appears that regular weeding to assure currency of print health literature is not taking place.

Originality/value

The study demonstrates that public libraries may not be providing optimal print health information. With unprecedented access, it is imperative that librarians in all types of settings aid in health literacy promotion by assuring access to reliable and timely health information.
Health literacy: a natural role for librarians
Authors: Arndt Theresa S.
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the articles in the special theme issue.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper provides some background and context on health literacy.

Findings

Health literacy is a critical constellation of skills. Librarians’ abilities and expertise are well-suited to contributing to the improvement of health literacy for various populations in various settings. Librarians are actively engaging in a wide variety of health literacy initiatives in collaboration with other professionals and organizations.

Practical implications

Specific examples of how librarians are contributing to health literacy are described.

Social implications

Lack of health literacy is associated with poor health outcomes and increased health costs. Multiple organizations, think tanks and government agencies have called for addressing disparities in health literacy.

Originality/value

This paper provides an overview and introduction to the special issue on health literacy.
Presenting an evaluation model of human resource management’s effect on corporate entrepreneurship
Authors: Ziyae Babak
Published: June 2016

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to clarify the attention to the elements of human resource strategic management that can promote motivation of employees of knowledge-based institutions for developing corporate entrepreneurship.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study is considered as an empirical one in terms of objective, and its research methodology is descriptive-correlative type. More specifically, structural equation modeling was used for data analysis.

Findings

– The findings demonstrate that promotion of skill and knowledge levels of people, as an operational strategy in the development of human resource in knowledge-based institutions, increases the demand for job promotion and enhances employees’ motivation in corporate entrepreneurship. On the other hand, organizational culture moderate the relationship between human resource management and corporate entrepreneurship.

Originality/value

– This paper fulfills an identified need to study the relationship between human resource management and corporate entrepreneurship. The manuscript creates a paradigm for future studies of the evolution of corporate entrepreneurship and human resource management.
Saturation scale effect on time‐lapse seismic signatures
Authors: Qi Qiaomu , Müller Tobias M. , Gurevich Boris
Published: June 2016

Quantitative interpretation of time‐lapse seismic signatures aims at assisting reservoir engineering and management operations. Time‐lapse signatures are thought to be primarily induced by saturation and pressure changes. Core‐flooding and reservoir flow simulations indicate that a change of the driving forces during dynamic fluid injection gives rise to a varying saturation scale. This saturation scale is yet another variable controlling the time‐lapse seismic signal. In this work, we investigate the saturation scale effect on time‐lapse seismic signatures by analysing simple modelling scenarios. We consider three characteristic saturation scales, ranging from few millimetres to metres, which may form during gas injection in an unconsolidated water‐saturated reservoir. Using the random patchy saturation model, we compare the corresponding acoustic signatures, i.e., attenuation, reflectivity, and seismic gather associated with each saturation scale. The results show that the millimetre saturation scale produces minimum attenuation and the same seismic signatures with those obtained from the elastic modelling. The centimetre saturation scale produces maximum attenuation, whereas the metre saturation scale causes highest velocity dispersion. The analyses of the time shift and amplitude change indicate that ignoring a time‐dependent saturation scale can result in biased estimation/discrimination of the saturation and the fluid pressure. In particular, the 4D signal can be strongly affected by the saturation‐scale change when the reservoir gas saturation is low and the effective pressure is high. In the presence of an increasing (decreasing) saturation scale during injection, interpreting an observed time shift and amplitude change using the Gassmann model will lead to underestimation (overestimation) of the change in gas saturation and fluid pressure. We show that including the effects of capillarity and residual saturation into the rock physics modelling can potentially reduce the interpretation uncertainty due to the saturation‐scale change.
Couple therapy following prostate cancer surgery: a manual to guide treatment
Authors: Forbat Liz , Robertson Jane , McNamee Phillip
Published: June 2016

Prostate cancer is the third most common cancer in the UK. Ten‐year survival is high; consequently a service priority is addressing survivorship issues to support men living with the longer‐term consequences of the disease and its treatments. This paper presents a treatment manual which has been tested with couples following prostate cancer surgery to decrease distress in sexual functioning, and improve relational functioning. The content of the manual is described alongside a fictionalized case vignette that illustrates the content and process of sessions. The paper presents the RIPSToP Model (RelatIonal PSychosexual Treatment for couples with Prostate cancer).

The manual was developed and piloted in a mixed‐method feasibility and acceptability randomized pilot control trial. Qualitative interviews with clinicians delivering the intervention indicate that the manual was acceptable.

Practitioner points

A systemic manual for supporting couples after prostate cancer surgery has been developed

The manual presents a new model, derived from the literature, focusing on family context and the couple dynamic

The model impacts psychological wellbeing, relationship functioning and distress related to sexual functioning

Practitioners reported positive views of the manual and adhered to its content and structure
In Praise of (Some) Red Tape: A New Approach to Regulation
Authors: Menzies Gordon , Dixon Peter , Rimmer Maureen
Published: June 2016

The costs of removing red tape include a lower chance of detecting recession‐generating flaws in the financial system. What we call independent dimensions of regulation (IDRs) operate more or less independently from other groupings. If an IDR's optimality is unknown, it may be risky to remove. Uncertainty thus implies that (some) red tape – a small amount of overregulation – is justified, in contrast to the Brainard principle that uncertainty dictates less policy activism. The long‐run Gross Domestic Product (GDP) benefit of a 1 per cent improvement in financial services productivity is 0.06 per cent in our computable general equilibrium model. These relatively modest gains reinforce our conclusion.
A Practical Guide to Using the Positive Deviance Method in Health Services Research
Authors: Rose Adam J. , McCullough Megan B.
Published: June 2016

Objective

To provide practical tips for health services researchers considering the use of positive deviance (PD) methods to help explain variations in quality of care or other meaningful parameters.

Data Sources

Published literature and personal experience.

Study Design

Narrative review.

Principal Findings

This review includes a discussion of possible applications of PD to health services research, some methodological choices applicable to PD, and some brief tips regarding publishing the results and incorporating them into future interventions.

Conclusions

It is hoped that this article will help health services researchers to use this valuable research method more effectively, especially those who have not done so before.
Price Transmission in Nigerian Food Security Crop Markets
Authors: Hatzenbuehler Patrick L. , Abbott Philip C. , Abdoulaye Tahirou
Published: June 2016

This paper comprehensively examines price transmission from world, neighbour country, and internal commercial hub markets to Nigerian urban markets, as well as from urban to rural markets within the country, for seven key food security crops (maize, millet, sorghum, rice, cassava, yams and cowpeas). There are three key findings: (i) tradability matters for price transmission, but tradability varies across crops and regions. The strongest international linkages are with neighbouring countries. Rice price transmission is high across all markets, while coarse grain price correspondence is low with world prices but high with neighbour country market prices; (ii) our results imply that local conditions matter for price transmission, and are relatively more important than trade for some crops (e.g. yams, cassava) than others (e.g. imported rice, maize); (iii) larger than expected long‐run price transmission parameters in world and neighbour countries for rice and coarse grains suggest that, in these select markets, there are either large transactions costs or quality premiums that vary systematically with border prices, and/or mark‐ups captured by traders with market power.
Implementation of an Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Quantification of Allergenic Egg Residues in Red Wines Using Commercially Available Antibodies
Authors: Koestel Carole , Simonin Céline , Belcher Sandrine , Rösti Johannes
Published: June 2016

Since the early 2000s, labeling of potentially allergenic food components to protect people who suffer from food allergies is compulsory in numerous industrialized countries. In Europe, milk and egg components used during the winemaking process must be indicated on the label since July 1, 2012. Several ELISA procedures have been developed to detect allergenic residues in wines. However, the complexity of the wine matrix can inhibit the immunoenzymatic reaction. The aim of this study was to implement an ELISA assay for the detection of ovalbumin in red wines using commercially available antibodies. The specificity of the acquired antibodies and the absence of cross reactivity were assessed by immunoblotting and ELISA. An ELISA assay with a LOD of 14.2 μg/L and a LOQ of 56.4 μg/L of ovalbumin in aqueous solution was obtained. Differences in ELISA signals were observed when analyzing various fining agents, although reproducible conformation of the antigen could be reached for the comparison of ovalbumin and Ovicolle. The differences between samples in terms of pH could be leveled but the inhibition of the ELISA signal, positively correlated to the tannin content of the wines, could not be suppressed. Thus, standard curves of ovalbumin in several wines were obtained by relative quantification. The control steps and the difficulties encountered presented in this study should be considered by anybody working toward the development of ELISA assays for the detection of allergenic residues in complex food matrices.
A multispecies occupancy model for two or more interacting species
Authors: Rota Christopher T. , Ferreira Marco A. R. , Kays Roland W. , Forrester Tavis D. , Kalies Elizabeth L. , McShea William J. , Parsons Arielle W. , Millspaugh Joshua J.
Published: June 2016

Species occurrence is influenced by environmental conditions and the presence of other species. Current approaches for multispecies occupancy modelling are practically limited to two interacting species and often require the assumption of asymmetric interactions. We propose a multispecies occupancy model that can accommodate two or more interacting species.

We generalize the single‐species occupancy model to two or more interacting species by assuming the latent occupancy state is a multivariate Bernoulli random variable. We propose modelling the probability of each potential latent occupancy state with both a multinomial logit and a multinomial probit model and present details of a Gibbs sampler for the latter.

As an example, we model co‐occurrence probabilities of bobcat (Lynx rufus), coyote (Canis latrans), grey fox (Urocyon cinereoargenteus) and red fox (Vulpes vulpes) as a function of human disturbance variables throughout 6 Mid‐Atlantic states in the eastern United States. We found evidence for pairwise interactions among most species, and the probability of some pairs of species occupying the same site varied along environmental gradients; for example, occupancy probabilities of coyote and grey fox were independent at sites with little human disturbance, but these two species were more likely to occur together at sites with high human disturbance.

Ecological communities are composed of multiple interacting species. Our proposed method improves our ability to draw inference from such communities by permitting modelling of detection/non‐detection data from an arbitrary number of species, without assuming asymmetric interactions. Additionally, our proposed method permits modelling the probability two or more species occur together as a function of environmental variables. These advancements represent an important improvement in our ability to draw community‐level inference from multiple interacting species that are subject to imperfect detection.
Joint effects of rising temperature and the presence of introduced predatory fish on montane amphibian populations
Authors: Polo‐Cavia N. , Boyero L. , Martín‐Beyer B. , Barmuta L. A. , Bosch J.
Published: June 2016

Amphibian populations in montane habitats are often subjected to high thermal variability, which may exacerbate anthropogenic impacts such as the introduction of exotic species. Here, we present data from two experiments exploring the joint effects of rising temperatures and the presence of waterborne cues from an exotic predatory fish on the short‐ and long‐term antipredatory responses (i.e. activity and time to metamorphosis respectively) of Rana iberica and Salamandra salamandra larvae from two montane amphibian populations. We found some evidence of a cumulative effect of an increase in temperature and the presence of predators. Although predator recognition was not precluded at rising temperatures, we observed an increase in larval activity in warmer water, which might negatively affect survival by favoring prey detectability by predators. We also observed a strong quadratic effect of temperature and a joint effect of temperature and predators on larval development: at intermediate temperatures, larvae exposed to exotic trout cues had greatly accelerated metamorphosis. These results suggest that warmer conditions might be particularly harmful for larvae in montane wetlands enduring the presence of exotic predators.
Role of small rodents in the seed dispersal process: Microcavia australis consuming Prosopis flexuosa fruits
Authors: Campos Claudia M. , Campos Valeria E. , Giannoni Stella M. , Rodríguez Daniela , Albanese Soledad , Cona Mónica I.
Published: June 2016

Understanding the functional role of animal species in seed dispersal is central to determining how biotic interactions could be affected by anthropogenic drivers. In the Monte Desert, mammals play different functional roles in Prosopis flexuosa seed dispersal, acting as opportunistic frugivores (endozoochorous medium‐sized and large mammals) or seed hoarders (some small sigmodontine rodents). Our objective was assessing the functional role of Microcavia australis, a small hystricognathi rodent, in the fruit removal and seed deposition stages of P. flexuosa seed dispersal, compared to sympatric sigmodontine rodents. In situ, we quantified fruit removal by small rodents during non‐fruiting and fruiting periods, and determined the distance seeds were transported, particularly by M. australis. In laboratory experiments, we analysed how M. australis stores seeds (through scatter‐ or larder‐hoarding) and how many seeds are left in caches as living seeds, relative to previous data on sigmodontine rodents. To conduct field studies, we established sampling stations under randomly chosen P. flexuosa trees at the Ñacuñán Man and Biosphere Reserve. We analysed fruit removal by small rodents and seed dispersal distance by M. australis using camera traps focused on P. flexuosa fruits covered with wire screen, which only allowed entry of small animals. In laboratory trials, we provided animals with a known number of fruits and assessed seed conditions after removal. Small rodents removed 75.7% of fruit supplied during the non‐fruiting period and 53.2% during the fruiting period. Microcavia australis and Graomys griseoflavus were the main fruit removers. Microcavia australis transported seeds to a mean distance of 462 cm and cached seeds mainly in scatter‐hoards, similarly as Eligmodontia typus. All transported seeds were left in fruit segments or covered only by the endocarp, never as predated seeds. Microcavia australis disperses P. flexuosa seeds by carrying fruits away from a source to consume them and then by scatter‐hoarding fruits and seeds.
Effects of minimal social cues on trust in the investment game
Authors: Xin Ziqiang , Liu Youhui , Yang Zhixu , Zhang Hongchuan
Published: June 2016

In anonymous game tasks, individuals’ prosocial behaviour was shown to increase when those individuals were provided with social cues from a third party or bystander. It has been suggested that those social cues can be presented using a configuration suggestive of a face with ‘watching eyes’. This led us to question whether it was possible to provide the watching‐eyes configuration with even weaker facial information, such as a simple dot pattern. By using a minimal social cue paradigm, such as the one described above, the present research found that individuals’ trust toward the trustee increased when they detected the watching‐eyes dot pattern as a source of social cues in two settings: a hypothetical investment game for both college students (Study 1) and customs officers (Study 2); and an actual investment game for college students (Study 3).
Neil Smith's Scale
Authors: Jones John Paul , Leitner Helga , Marston Sallie A. , Sheppard Eric
Published: June 2016

In this essay, part of a special issue acknowledging the scholarship of Neil Smith, we trace his contributions to conceptualizing scale. From his important foundational text, Uneven Development, to his later works that fashioned a more malleable, constructivist, and socio‐cultural approach, Neil Smith made lifelong contributions to our understanding of the processes of scale production—contributions that have forever altered how we understand the relationships among space, capitalism, and politics.
Migration, the Urban Periphery, and the Politics of Migrant Lives
Authors: Collins Francis L.
Published: June 2016

This paper explores the politics of migration through a focus on labor migration regimes and the urban lives of migrants in the Seoul Metropolitan Region of South Korea. In particular, it draws attention to the ways in which migrant lives highlight the limits of the contemporary emphasis on control in migration management regimes. The paper contends that while migration management certainly reworks the socio‐legal status of migrants, the desire for control is often displaced in the everyday presence and practices of migrants as urban residents. In order to develop this argument I focus on the notion of the urban periphery as a spatio‐temporal configuration that manifests marginalization but is also potentially generative, innovative and destabilizing. The paper proceeds by exploring three dimensions of the periphery: (1) the mobile commons that emerges in everyday life; (2) the process of becoming undocumented and the subversion of control; and (3) the tactics of recognition that challenge the peripheral location of migrants. In each case the focus on the urban periphery draws attention to the importance of visibility and invisibility in migration, to the uneven spatio‐temporal configuration of migrant lives in the city, and to the ways in which migrant desires constitute a politics that exceeds what is normatively expected of them.
Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus storage across a growing season by the herbaceous layer in urban and preserved temperate hardwood forests
Authors: Gerken Golay Michaeleen , Thompson Janette , Kolka Randall
Published: June 2016

Question

Herbaceous plant communities in hardwood forests are important for maintaining biodiversity and associated ecosystem services, such as nutrient storage. Are there differences in herbaceous layer nutrient storage for urban park and state preserve forests, and is there seasonal variation?

Location

United States, Midwestern region (Iowa).

Methods

We examined the herbaceous layer in three 20‐m2plots at six forest sites, in urban parks (city parks with high human visitation) and state preserves (under permanent protection as state preserves). We harvested herbaceous plants from quadrats in each plot in spring, summer and autumn to analyse above‐ and below‐ground tissues for total C, N and P concentrations. Biomass and tissue nutrient concentration data were used to estimate nutrient storage per plot and per hectare. We also collected soil samples at each plot in each season to determine soil C, N and P content.

Results

State preserve and urban park forests did not differ in herbaceous species richness, although state preserve forests were qualitatively distinct. State preserve forests had relatively higher biomass and nutrients than urban park forests. In both forest types, above‐ground concentration for N and P were higher in spring than in autumn, whereas below‐ground concentration of these nutrients was consistently higher in autumn. In urban parks, total soil N was higher in spring compared to summer and autumn. However, soil nutrient content did not appear to drive differences in plant tissue nutrient content in urban park forests.

Conclusions

Subtle qualitative differences in herbaceous layer composition affected seasonal biomass quantities and nutrient concentrations in urban park and state preserve forests. These differences influenced C, N and P storage and led to consistent trends for relatively higher biomass and nutrient storage in state preserve forests. Above‐ground plant tissue provides important storage of N and P in spring, and below‐ground plant tissue provides important storage of N and P in autumn. Since spring and autumn are seasons of limited vegetative cover in the regional landscape, with subsequently higher potential for nutrient loss from terrestrial systems, this finding is crucial for provision of ecosystem services.
Contemporary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis cancer in the UK – a national study
Authors: Wells Hannah , Hayes Matthew C. , O'Brien Tim , Fowler Sarah
Published: June 2016

Objectives

To undertake a comprehensive prospective national study of the outcomes of retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for testis cancer over a 1‐year period in the UK.

Patients and Methods

Data were submitted online using the British Association of Urological Surgeons Section of Oncology Data and Audit System. All new patients undergoing RPLND for testis cancer between March 2012 and February 2013 were studied prospectively. Data were analysed using Tableau software and case ascertainment compared with Hospital Episode Statistics data.

Results

In all, 162 men underwent RPLND by 20 surgeons in 17 centres. The mean (range) case volume per centre was 9 (2–32) and the median (range) case volume per surgeon was 6 (1–30). Indications included: residual mass after chemotherapy (73%), primary treatment (6%), relapse (14%), and salvage (7%). The median time to surgery after chemotherapy was 8–12 weeks (<4 – >12 weeks) and 91% of procedures utilised open surgery. The median operating time was 3–4 h (<1.5 – >6 h). Nerve sparing was performed in 67% of patients (19% bilateral, 48% unilateral). The dissection was template in 81% and lumpectomy in 16%; 25% required additional intraoperative procedures including 11% synchronous planned nephrectomy. In all, 157/160 (98%) of recorded RPLND operations were completed. One was terminated due to bleeding and in two the mass could not be removed. There were no deaths within 30 days of surgery. In all, 75% of the men did not require a blood transfusion, 15% required 1–2 units and 10% received >2 units. There were postoperative complications in 10% of the men (Clavien–Dindo Grade I, seven men; Grade II, seven; and Grade III, one). The mean (range) length of stay was 5.5 (1–59) days. Histology showed necrosis in 22%; teratoma differentiated in 42%; and residual cancer in 36%.

Conclusions

This prospective collaborative national study describes for the first time the surgical outcomes after RPLND across the UK. The quality of RPLND in the UK appears high. The study can act as a benchmark for this type of surgery across the world.
Post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth among children and adolescents following an earthquake: a latent profile analysis
Authors: Jieling Chen , Xinchun Wu
Published: June 2016

Background

Pathological and beneficial outcomes have been documented in children and adolescents exposed to disasters, but the patterns of the outcomes are not known. This study was conducted to identify patterns of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth and examine the predictors for the patterns among children and adolescents following an earthquake.

Method

Self‐reported measures (post‐traumatic stress symptoms, post‐traumatic growth, disaster exposure, and social support) were assessed among a total of 618 participants (age 12.26 ± 2.75) at 8 months post disaster. Latent profile analysis was utilized to identify the patterns of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth, and multinomial logistic regressions were conducted to examine the predictors for the patterns.

Results

Three patterns were identified. Most of the participants fell into the Thriving pattern and smaller proportions fell into either the Resilient or Stressed and Growing pattern. Loss and injury, subjective fear, and social support could predict the membership in patterns of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth.

Conclusions

Practitioners are suggested to identify the pattern of post‐traumatic stress symptoms and post‐traumatic growth for different children and adolescents, and provide the service targeting their needs.
Expansion of Mandibular Knife‐Edge Ridge and Simultaneous Implant Placement to Retain Overdentures: One‐Year Clinical and Radiographic Results of a Prospective Study
Authors: ELsyad Moustafa Abdou , Hammouda Nelly Ibrahim
Published: June 2016

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of two implants placed in expanded mandibular knife‐edge ridge and implants placed in unexpanded ridges to retain overdentures.

Materials and methods

Fifteen completely edentulous patients with knife‐edge ridges at canine areas of the mandible received two implants using the ridge expansion technique (study group, SG). Expansion was performed using piezoelectric corticotomy, and self‐threading expanders. The control group (CG) comprised patients who received two‐implant at canine areas without ridge expansion but were all case matched to SG and served as historical cohort. In both groups, mandibular overdentures were connected to the implants with Locator attachments 3 months after implant placement. Clinical (Plaque index; PI, Gingival index; GI, Probing depth; PD, and implant stability; ISQ) and radiographic (Vertical bone loss; VBL) parameters were recorded at time of overdenture insertion (base line, T0), 6 months (T6), and 12 months (T12) after insertion.

Results

The cumulative success rates were 100% and 96.4% for CG and SG, respectively, without significant difference between groups. All tested parameters increased significantly with advance of time in both groups. There was no significant difference in PI, GI, PD, and ISQ between groups. However, SG recorded significant higher VBL than CG at T6 and T12.

Conclusion

Expansion of mandibular knife edge ridge and simultaneous placement of implants to retain overdentures is associated with clinic and radiographic outcomes comparable to implants placed in unexpanded ridges after 1 year. However, long term randomized controlled trials with sufficient sample size are still needed to ensure the findings of the present study.
Refaunation and the reinstatement of the seed‐dispersal function in Gorongosa National Park
Authors: Correia Marta , Timóteo Sérgio , Rodríguez‐Echeverría Susana , Mazars‐Simon Alban , Heleno Ruben
Published: June 2016

Large animals are important seed dispersers; however, they tend to be under a high extinction risk worldwide. There is compelling evidence that the global biodiversity crisis is leading to the deterioration of several ecosystem functions, but there is virtually no information on how large‐scale refaunation efforts can reinstate seed dispersal. We evaluated the effectiveness of a 62‐km2 wildlife sanctuary, which was established to recover populations of large mammals in Gorongosa National Park (Mozambique), in restoring seed dispersal. We collected animal scats during the dry season of 2014 (June–August) along 5 transects inside and 5 transects outside the sanctuary fence (50 km total) with the same type of plant community, identified animal and plant species in the transects, and quantified the number of seeds in each scat. Based on these data, we built bipartite networks and calculated network and species‐level descriptor values, and we compared data collected inside and outside the sanctuary. There were more scats (268 vs. 207) and more scats containing seeds (132 vs. 94) inside than outside the sanctuary. The number of mammal dispersers was also higher inside (17) than outside the sanctuary (11). Similarly, more seeds (2413 vs. 2124) and plant species (33 vs. 26) were dispersed inside than outside the sanctuary. Overall, the seed‐dispersal network was less specialized (0.38 vs. 0.44) and there was a greater overlap (0.16 vs. 0.07) inside than outside the sanctuary. Both networks were significantly modular and antinested. The high number and richness of seeds dispersed inside the sanctuary was explained mostly by a higher abundance of dispersers rather than by disperser identity. Our results suggest conservation efforts aimed at recovering populations of large mammals are helping to reestablish not only target mammal species but also their functional roles as seed dispersers in the ecosystem.
TRADE‐OFFS BETWEEN CIVIL LIBERTIES AND NATIONAL SECURITY: A DISCRETE CHOICE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Finkelstein Eric Andrew , Mansfield Carol , Wood Dallas , Rowe Brent , Chay Junxing , Ozdemir Semra
Published: June 2016

We explore differences in perception of national security policies between self‐identified liberals, moderates, and conservatives from a national sample of U.S. adults. Using a discrete choice experiment, we also quantify each group's willingness to trade off select policies in exchange for reduced risk of a 9/11‐style terrorist attack. Relative to other groups, liberals are more likely to view such policies as ineffective and susceptible to government abuse. They also perceive a lower threat of terrorism. All groups are willing to make trade‐offs between civil liberties and risk of a terrorist attack. However, loss of civil liberties affects liberals more than conservatives. (JEL D61, H41, H56)
Impact of frequency and lateralization of interictal discharges on neuropsychological and fine motor status in children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes
Authors: Vannest Jennifer , Tenney Jeffrey R. , Altaye Mekibib , Byars Anna W. , Spencer Caroline , Maloney Thomas C. , Szaflarski Jerzy P. , Morita Diego , Glauser Tracy A.
Published: June 2016

Despite a positive prognosis for seizure remission, children with benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) have been reported to exhibit subtle neuropsychological difficulties. We examined the relationship between patterns of centrotemporal spikes (the typical electroencephalography [EEG] finding in BECTS) and neuropsychological and motor outcomes in children with new‐onset BECTS. Thirty‐four patients with new‐onset BECTS (not taking antiepileptic medication) and 48 typically developing children participated in the study. In BECTS patients, centrotemporal spikes (CTS) were evaluated in the first hour awake and first 2 h of sleep in a 24‐h EEG recording and left or right‐sided origin was noted. General intellectual function, language, visuospatial skill, processing speed, and fine motor skill were assessed in all participants. We found no significant difference between BECTS patients and controls on measures of general intellectual function, or visuospatial or language testing. There were significant differences in processing speed index and nondominant hand fine motor scores between groups. Significant negative relationships were observed between rates of left‐sided CTS and right hand fine motor scores. This suggests that psychomotor and fine motor speed are affected in BECTS, but the extent of affected domains may be more limited than previously suggested, especially in untreated patients early in the course of their epilepsy.
Transport of the outer dynein arm complex to cilia requires a cytoplasmic protein Lrrc6
Authors: Inaba Yasuko , Shinohara Kyosuke , Botilde Yanick , Nabeshima Ryo , Takaoka Katsuyoshi , Ajima Rieko , Lamri Lynda , Takeda Hiroyuki , Saga Yumiko , Nakamura Tetsuya , Hamada Hiroshi
Published: June 2016

Lrrc6 encodes a cytoplasmic protein that is expressed specifically in cells with motile cilia including the node, trachea and testes of the mice. A mutation of Lrrc6 has been identified in human patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD). Mutant mice lacking Lrrc6 show typical PCD defects such as hydrocephalus and laterality defects. We found that in the absence of Lrrc6, the morphology of motile cilia remained normal, but their motility was completely lost. The 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules remained normal in Lrrc6‐/‐ mice, but the outer dynein arms (ODAs), the structures essential for the ciliary beating, were absent from the cilia. In the absence of Lrrc6, ODA proteins such as DNAH5, DNAH9 and IC2, which are assembled in the cytoplasm and transported to the ciliary axoneme, remained in the cytoplasm and were not transported to the ciliary axoneme. The IC2–IC1 interaction, which is the first step of ODA assembly, was normal in Lrrc6−/− mice testes. Our results suggest that ODA proteins may be transported from the cytoplasm to the cilia by an Lrrc6‐dependent mechanism.