bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception among nursing interns: The moderating role of bullying behaviors in nursing education
Authors: Huang Yi , Fan Yingying , Li Chaofeng , Chen Dan , Wu Yuwei , Kong Xianglin
Published: July 2024

Aim

This study aims to investigate the status of academic support perception among nursing interns and explore the correlation between academic support perception, emotional intelligence, and bullying behaviors in nursing education, especially the moderating role of bullying behavior on the relationship between emotional intelligence and academic support perception.

Background

Academic support perception is closely related to the nursing interns’ mental health and academic performance. To some extent, it can reflect nursing interns’ satisfaction and happiness during their internship, affecting their motivation to continue their studies. However, little is known about the nursing interns’ academic support perception in China.

Methods

A total of 1020 nursing interns participated in this study. A sociodemographic information questionnaire, Bullying Behaviors in Nursing Education Scale, Wong and Law's Emotional Intelligence Scale, and Academic Support in the Practicum Scale were used to collect data.

Findings

Bullying behaviors and emotional intelligence were significantly associated with nursing interns’ academic support perception. In addition, bullying behaviors in nursing education moderated the association between emotional intelligence and academic support perception.

Discussion

Nursing interns who possess high emotional intelligence and experience less bullying in nursing education tend to perceive higher academic support in clinical practice. The positive effects of emotional intelligence on nursing interns’ academic support perceptions are contingent on the level of bullying behavior experienced in nursing education. Less bullying behaviors in nursing education enhance the impact of emotional intelligence on academic support perception.

Conclusion and Implications for Nursing

Strategies should be created to promote emotional intelligence and decrease bullying behaviors in nursing education to improve the perception of academic support among nursing interns.
Sequence variants associated with resilient responses in growing pigs
Authors: Laghouaouta Houda , Laplana Marina , Ros‐Freixedes Roger , Fraile Lorenzo J. , Pena Ramona N.
Published: July 2024

The current work aimed to identify genomic regions and candidate genes associated with resilience in pigs. In previous work, we proposed the body weight deviation from the expected growth curve (ΔBW) and the increase of the positive acute‐phase protein haptoglobin (ΔHP) after a vaccine challenge as resilience indicators which may be improved through selective breeding in pigs. Individuals with steady growth rate and minor activation of haptoglobin (high ΔBW and low ΔHP values) were considered resilient. In contrast, pigs with perturbed growth rate and high activation of haptoglobin (low ΔBW and high ΔHP values) were considered susceptible. Both ∆BW and ∆HP were simultaneously considered to select the most resilient (N = 40) and susceptible (N = 40) pigs. A genome‐wide association study was carried out for the pigs' response classification to the challenge test using whole‐genome sequence data (7,760,720 variants). Eleven associated genomic regions were identified, harbouring relevant candidate genes related to the immune response (such as pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory responses) and growth pathways. These associated genomic regions harboured 41 potential functional mutations (frameshift, splice donor, splice acceptor, start loss and stop loss/gain) in candidate genes. Overall, this study advances our knowledge about the genetic determinism of resilience, highlighting its polygenic nature and strong relationship with immunity and growth.
Reciprocal relations between dimensions of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity and anxiety disorders from preschool age to adolescence: sex differences in a birth cohort sample
Authors: Habibi Asgarabad Mojtaba , Steinsbekk Silje , Hartung Cynthia M. , Wichstrøm Lars
Published: July 2024

Background

Symptoms of anxiety and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are prospectively related from childhood to adolescence. However, whether the two dimensions of ADHD—inattention and hyperactivity‐impulsivity—are differentially related to anxiety and whether there are developmental and sex/gender differences in these relations are unknown.

Methods

Two birth cohorts of Norwegian children were assessed biennially from ages 4 to 16 (N = 1,077; 49% girls) with diagnostic parent interviews used to assess symptoms of anxiety and ADHD. Data were analyzed using a random intercept cross‐lagged panel model, adjusting for all unobserved time‐invariant confounding effects.

Results

In girls, increased inattention, but not hyperactivity‐impulsivity, predicted increased anxiety 2 years later across all time‐points and increased anxiety at ages 12 and 14 predicted increased inattention but not hyperactivity‐impulsivity. In boys, increased hyperactivity‐impulsivity at ages 6 and 8, but not increased inattention, predicted increased anxiety 2 years later, whereas increased anxiety did not predict increased inattention or hyperactivity‐impulsivity.

Conclusions

The two ADHD dimensions were differentially related to anxiety, and the relations were sex‐specific. In girls, inattention may be involved in the development of anxiety throughout childhood and adolescence and anxiety may contribute to girls developing more inattention beginning in early adolescence. In boys, hyperactivity‐impulsivity may be involved in the development of anxiety during the early school years. Effective treatment of inattention symptoms in girls may reduce anxiety risk at all time‐points, while addressing anxiety may decrease inattention during adolescence. Similarly, treating hyperactivity‐impulsivity may reduce anxiety risk in boys during late childhood (at ages 8–10).
Association between glycated albumin and adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure
Authors: Chen Senmiao , Chen Guanzhong , Jin Yu , Zhu Shiyu , Jia Liangliang , Zhao Chengchen , Jin Chunna , Xiang Meixiang
Published: July 2024

Aims/Introduction

Diabetes mellitus is a traditional risk factor for heart failure (HF), and glycated albumin (GA) is a marker to assess short‐term glycemic control. Whether GA has prognostic significance in patients with HF remains unclear.

Materials and Methods

A total of 717 patients with HF were enrolled in the prospective cohort study. Patients were grouped by the normal upper limit of GA (17%). Kaplan–Meier analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression were used to evaluate the association between GA and prognosis.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 387 days, 232 composite endpoint events of hospitalization for HF or all‐cause death occurred. Kaplan–Meier analysis showed a higher rate of adverse events in the higher GA group (GA >17%; log‐rank test P < 0.001). GA was an independent predictor of adverse events, both as a continuous variable (per 1% change: hazard ratio [HR] 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.00–1.06, P = 0.030) and as a categorical variable (GA >17%: HR 1.36, 95% CI 1.03–1.80, P = 0.032). Restricted cubic splines showed a linear association between GA and adverse events (P for non‐linearity = 0.231). There was no significant difference in adverse outcome risk between those with diabetes and GA ≤17% and those without diabetes, whereas the prognosis was worse in those with diabetes and GA >17% (HR 1.56, 95% CI 1.16–2.11, P = 0.004). Compared to the group with normal levels of GA and glycated hemoglobin, the group with GA >17% and glycated hemoglobin >6.5% had a higher risk of adverse events (HR 1.49, 95% CI 1.06–2.10, P = 0.022).

Conclusions

GA was an independent predictor of HF prognosis. Combining GA and glycated hemoglobin might improve the predictive power of adverse outcomes in patients with HF.
Insecticide resistance: Monitoring, mechanism and management
Authors: Wang Xingliang , Wang Ran
Published: July 2024

Insecticides have been instrumental in the prevention and management of key agricultural insect pests, thereby contributing to increased food production. However, the effectiveness of insecticides diminishes when targeted pests develop resistance, a phenomenon linked to species evolution and survival instincts. The Arthropod Pesticide Resistance Database, maintained by Michigan State University, has documented 18,934 cases of resistance to insecticidal active ingredients worldwide from 1914 to the present. This special collection comprises eight original research articles that delve into the monitoring, mechanism and management of insecticide resistance. Two papers present multi‐year resistance monitoring results in Chilo suppressalis and Spodoptera litura. Two studies employ transcriptome data to examine the candidate genes implicated in solanine‐induced response in Phthorimaea operculella and chlorantraniliprole‐induced response in Galeruca daurica, respectively. Additionally, two papers describe the genetic and physiological impacts of insecticides, while others explore the potential mechanisms underlying chlorfenapyr resistance in Glyphodes pyloalis and pyrethroids resistance in Laodelphax striatellus. The new results, conclusions and suggestions presented in this collection are anticipated to contribute to the advancement of knowledge on insecticide resistance and facilitate the development of a sustainable approach to managing insect pests.
Halotolerant Bacillus sp. strain RA coordinates myo‐inositol metabolism to confer salt tolerance to tomato
Authors: Wu Fenghui , Chen Zengting , Xu Xiaotong , Xue Xin , Zhang Yanling , Sui Na
Published: July 2024

Soil salinity is a worldwide problem threatening crop yields. Some plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) could survive in high salt environment and assist plant adaptation to stress. Nevertheless, the genomic and metabolic features, as well as the regulatory mechanisms promoting salt tolerance in plants by these bacteria remain largely unknown. In the current work, a novel halotolerant PGPR strain, namely, Bacillus sp. strain RA can enhance tomato tolerance to salt stress. Comparative genomic analysis of strain RA with its closely related species indicated a high level of evolutionary plasticity exhibited by strain‐specific genes and evolutionary constraints driven by purifying selection, which facilitated its genomic adaptation to salt‐affected soils. The transcriptome further showed that strain RA could tolerate salt stress by balancing energy metabolism via the reprogramming of biosynthetic pathways. Plants exude a plethora of metabolites that can strongly influence plant fitness. The accumulation of myo‐inositol in leaves under salt stress was observed, leading to the promotion of plant growth triggered by Bacillus sp. strain RA. Importantly, myo‐inositol serves as a selective force in the assembly of the phyllosphere microbiome and the recruitment of plant‐beneficial species. It promotes destabilizing properties in phyllosphere bacterial co‐occurrence networks, but not in fungal networks. Furthermore, interdomain interactions between bacteria and fungi were strengthened by myo‐inositol in response to salt stress. This work highlights the genetic adaptation of RA to salt‐affected soils and its ability to impact phyllosphere microorganisms through the adjustment of myo‐inositol metabolites, thereby imparting enduring resistance against salt stress in tomato.
Liquidity, Liquidity Everywhere, Not a Drop to Use: Why Flooding Banks with Central Bank Reserves May Not Expand Liquidity
Authors: ACHARYA VIRAL V. , RAJAN RAGHURAM
Published: July 2024

Central bank balance sheet expansion, through actions like quantitative easing, is run through commercial banks. While this increases liquid central bank reserves held on commercial bank balance sheets, demandable uninsured deposits issued to finance the reserves also increase. Subsequent shrinkage in the central bank balance sheet may entail shrinkage in bank‐held reserves without a commensurate reduction in deposit claims. Furthermore, during episodes of liquidity stress, when many claims on liquidity are called, surplus banks may hoard reserves. As a result, central bank balance sheet expansion may create less additional liquidity than typically thought, and indeed, may increase the probability and severity of episodes of liquidity stress.
Spontaneous multifocal pyogenic granulomas
Authors: Gaghan Lindsey J. , Sluder Isaac T. , Sampath Ashwath , Wood Jeyhan , Brondon Jennifer , Blatt Julie , Miedema Jayson , Nieman Elizabeth
Published: July 2024

Cutaneous pyogenic granulomas (PGs) are common, benign vascular tumors of uncertain pathogenesis; however, a growing body of literature suggests that the formation of PGs may be secondary to genetic alterations in both the Ras/Raf/MAPK and PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathways. We present three cases of spontaneous multifocal PGs that first presented in infancy, were not associated with other vascular anomalies or discernable etiology, harbored somatic genetic variants in the Ras/Raf/MAPK pathway (NRAS n = 2, FGFR1 n = 1), were refractory to treatment with beta‐blockers and mTOR inhibitors, and responded best to pulsed dye laser. We propose the term “spontaneous multifocal PGs” to describe this entity.
Limited drought tolerance in the neotropical seasonally dry forest plants impairs future species richness
Authors: Manrique‐Ascencio A. , Prieto‐Torres D. A. , Villalobos F. , Mercado Gómez J. , Guevara R.
Published: July 2024

Neotropical seasonal dry forest (NSDF) is one of the most threatened ecosystems according to global climate change predictions. Nonetheless, few studies have evaluated the global climate change impacts on diversity patterns of NSDF plants. The lack of whole biome‐scale approaches restricts our understanding of global climate change consequences in the high beta‐diverse NSDF.

We analysed the impact of global climate change on species distribution ranges, species richness, and assemblage composition (beta diversity) for 1,178 NSDF species. We used five representative plant families (in terms of abundance, dominance, and endemism) within the NSDF: Cactaceae, Capparaceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Zygophyllaceae. We reconstructed potential species distributions in the present and future (2040–2080), considering an intermediate Shared Socioeconomic Pathway and two dispersal ability assumptions on the taxa. Using a resource use scores index, we related climate‐induced range contractions with species' water stress tolerance.

Even under a favourable dispersal scenario, species distribution and richness showed future significant declines across those sites where mean temperature and precipitation seasonality are expected to increase. Further, changes in species range distribution in the future correlated positively with potential use of resources in Fabaceae.

Results suggest that biotic heterogenization will likely be the short‐term outcome at biome scale under dispersal limitations. Nonetheless, by 2080, the prevailing effect under both dispersal assumptions will be homogenization, even within floristic nuclei. This information is critical for further defining new areas worth protecting and future planning of mitigation actions for both species and the whole biome.
Development of inoculation methods for Pythium violae to evaluate resistance of carrot cultivars and efficacy of crop protection products for cavity spot control
Authors: Pereira Nicole , Hales Kathryn R. , Mead Andrew , Chappell Lauren H. K. , Barker Guy C. , Clarkson John P.
Published: July 2024

Carrot is a major root vegetable crop grown in many parts of the world. In Europe, cavity spot disease continues to have a major impact on marketable yield. The disease is caused by several Pythium spp., with P. violae the main pathogen in the UK and results in small black lesions on mature carrot roots. The lack of reliable inoculation methods for these Pythium pathogens has, for many years, hampered the identification of new effective crop protection products or carrot varieties that are resistant to the disease. In this research, inoculation methods were developed for P. violae using mycelium or oospores, each of which successfully induced typical cavity spot symptoms in both pot‐ and field‐grown carrots as well as consistent root stunting in the former. These methods were also used to successfully identify carrot cultivars with resistance to cavity spot and confirmed the efficacy of the fungicide metalaxyl‐M against the disease. Results therefore demonstrated that the inoculation methods should be reliable for identifying the efficacy of crop protection products, assessing cavity spot resistance and for further studies investigating the biology and epidemiology of the pathogen.
Periodontal pathogens and cancer development
Authors: Zhou Yuxi , Meyle Joerg , Groeger Sabine
Published: July 2024

Increasing evidence suggests a significant association between periodontal disease and the occurrence of various cancers. The carcinogenic potential of several periodontal pathogens has been substantiated in vitro and in vivo. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the diverse mechanisms employed by different periodontal pathogens in the development of cancer. These mechanisms induce chronic inflammation, inhibit the host's immune system, activate cell invasion and proliferation, possess anti‐apoptotic activity, and produce carcinogenic substances. Elucidating these mechanisms might provide new insights for developing novel approaches for tumor prevention, therapeutic purposes, and survival improvement.
Patient experiences switching from in‐clinic to self‐administration of injectable contraception in two Western US states
Authors: Newmark Rebecca L. , Hodge Caroline C. , Shih Grace , Karlin Jennifer
Published: July 2024

Objective

We describe the experiences and preferences of women who switched from clinic‐administered intramuscular depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA‐IM) to self‐administered subcutaneous DMPA (DMPA‐SC) in the context of the COVID‐19 pandemic.

Methods

We conducted interviews with women in California and Washington about their experiences with self‐administered DMPA‐SC. We interviewed women after their first or second self‐administered DMPA‐SC injection and conducted follow‐up interviews after their third or fourth injection. We performed both thematic and descriptive content analyses.

Results

We completed 29 interviews with 15 women. Most participants (n = 10) were between the ages of 20 and 39 and the majority (n = 12) used DMPA primarily for contraception. Most (n = 13) described self‐administered DMPA‐SC as “very easy” or “somewhat easy” to use and reported greater convenience, decreased pain, fewer logistical and financial challenges, increased privacy, and improved comfort with injection compared to DMPA‐IM. Participants identified difficulties obtaining DMPA‐SC from pharmacies and safe needle disposal as barriers. Most (n = 13) would recommend DMPA‐SC to a friend and desired to continue self‐administration beyond the COVID‐19 pandemic. Participants recommended counseling all patients about this option alongside other contraceptive methods, and offering clinician supervision, if desired.

Conclusion

Women who switched from in‐clinic DMPA‐IM to self‐administered DMPA‐SC during the COVID‐19 pandemic preferred the latter and intended to continue self‐administration. Self‐administration of DMPA‐SC should be routinely offered and easily accessible to patients.
Organizational support for digital transformation in the metaverse: a contingent pathway from user experience to digitalization resistance
Authors: Hwang Inho , Seo Ribin
Published: July 2024

As organizations intensify their digital transformation (DX) initiatives to navigate the evolving digital landscape, metaverses emerge as pivotal digital technology, enhancing collaborative and experiential interactions. Despite their growing integration, a profound understanding of how metaverse utilization influences employee behavior toward DX – particularly in digitalization resistance – remains underexplored. Building a theoretical framework based on the Technology Acceptance Model and Uses and Gratifications Theory, we dissect the potential interplay between user experiences within metaverses, individual value perceptions, and organizational support in shaping resistance to digitalization. Analyzing data from 309 employees within organizations actively using metaverse platforms for vocational interactions, we found that informativeness and social interaction within metaverses significantly enhance the perceived value of virtual platforms. This enhancement in perceived value correlates strongly with reduced resistance to digitalization, confirming the critical role of tailored user experiences in fostering technology acceptance. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that organizational support – represented by DX‐centric shared goals, visibility, and communication – plays a crucial moderating role in amplifying the inverse implications of individuals' value perception for digitalization resistance. This study contributes to the literature by expanding a theoretical understanding of the prolific orchestration among technological characteristics, individual perception, and organizational support for digitalization. It underscores the necessity for a strategic alignment that extends beyond technological implementation to include comprehensive support mechanisms, thereby aiding employees in productively capitalizing on digital technology to integrate it into their operational processes. These findings have practical implications for organizational leaders initiating digitalization, providing insights into effectively managing resistance to digitalization.
Pyrazinamide in elderly people
Authors: Sandhu Avnish , Kissner Dana
Published: July 2024

See related article
Siderite from the Tibetan Himalaya: Evidence for a low sulphate ocean during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (Early Aptian)
Authors: Meng Fan , Han Zhong , Hu Xiumian , Jenkyns Hugh C. , Zhang Bolin , Chen Xi , Hou Mingcai
Published: July 2024

Mesozoic oceanic anoxic events were characterized by relatively low seawater sulphate concentrations ([]), which likely regulated the development and evolution of these major palaeoceanographic phenomena. However, there is little reliable sedimentary evidence for low [] in ancient marine waters and understanding of how such a seawater chemistry potentially impacted oceanic anoxic events is limited. This study presents an integrated sedimentological, mineralogical and geochemical investigation of the mineral siderite hosted in dark grey shale and sideritic concretions of Early Aptian (coeval with Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a) from the Tibetan Himalaya. Siderite is present throughout the section and possesses similar morphological characteristics whether in dark grey shale or concretions. Siderite can be present as disseminated and rhombic crystals formed during early diagenesis, or minor spherical crystals formed during late diagenesis. The evidence from redox elements, middle rare‐earth element bulge patterns and extremely low carbon‐isotope values of the sideritic concretions indicates that the iron carbonate was formed in the Fe‐reduction zones by the process of dissimilatory iron reduction. This process would have required conditions of low [], reducing environment, abundant iron and high alkalinity. Additionally, the coexistence of siderite and pyrite may indicate that dissimilatory iron reduction occurred close to the microbial sulphate reduction zone, with seawater [] hovering around the tipping point at which pyrite could form once seawater sulphate increased. Such an increase during Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a could have resulted from basalt–seawater interaction and associated enhanced continental weathering, and/or hydrothermal activity. This study's observations support the previous hypothesis that low [] for Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a was probably caused by massive gypsum burial in the proto‐South Atlantic. Subsequently, enhanced sulphate input could have promoted microbial sulphate reduction and accompanying oxidation of organic matter, which likely further enhanced nutrient recycling, increased primary productivity and organic‐carbon burial, leading to more oxygen consumption and expansion of oxygen minimum zones, as reconstructed for many oceanic anoxic events.
Focusing a history of modern philosophy course on freedom
Authors: Protevi John
Published: July 2024

This article is on pedagogy; it is not a report on original research. It is a case study, seeking to spell out some implications for teaching History of Modern Philosophy (HMP). In past courses, I used a classic syllabus: Descartes, Spinoza, Leibniz, Locke, Hume, and Kant, focusing on epistemology and metaphysics, telling the standard story of rationalists and empiricists, with Kant breaking the stalemate with his transcendental arguments. After a few times, for circumstantial reasons, I changed the focus of the course. Instead of telling the usual story, I would focus on freedom in its metaphysical, moral, and political dimensions. This had the effect of giving the philosophy majors enough metaphysics and epistemology to make them work hard, while appealing to (some of) the General Education students by relating the course materials to real world struggles. I figured that some people who could not relate to the technical discussion of substance, attribute, and mode might relate to struggles for freedom. I think I succeeded, as I will go on to recount.
Identifying the genetic association between common rheumatic diseases and vitiligo
Authors: Zhao Mingming , Zhang Yuanyuan , Sun Guoxun
Published: July 2024

Background

Although observational studies have suggested a correlation between vitiligo and rheumatic diseases, conclusive evidence supporting a causal relationship is still lacking. Therefore, this study aims to explore the potential causal relationship between vitiligo and rheumatic diseases.

Methods

Using genome‐wide association studies, we performed a two‐sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. In our analysis, the random‐effects inverse variance weighted (IVW) method was predominantly employed, followed by several sensitivity analyses, which include heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, outliers, and “leave‐one‐out” analyses.

Results

The genetically predicted vitiligo was associated with an increased risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (OR, 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.29–1.68; p < 0.001), and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.06–1.39; p = 0.005). The causal associations were supported by sensitivity analyses. In Sjögren's syndrome and ankylosing spondylitis, no causal relationship with vitiligo was found in the study.

Conclusion

Our MR results support the causal effect that vitiligo leads to a higher risk of RA and SLE. Individuals with vitiligo should be vigilant for the potential development of RA and SLE. Managing and addressing this potential requires regular monitoring.
Instructional supports can reveal the word‐problem solving challenges of children with language difficulties
Authors: Barilaro Mélanie , Osana Helena P. , Ebbels Susan H. , Nicoll Hilary , Achim Éloïse , Pétel‐Despots Ariane , Lafay Anne
Published: July 2024

Solving word problems is challenging for many children, but particularly for those with language difficulties. The objective was to examine the nature of the challenges experienced by children with language difficulties as they solved word problems in the context of a developmental‐trajectory instructional sequence. We recruited 45 third graders with (n = 17) and without (n = 28) language difficulties from public and private schools and one speech‐language therapy clinic. They solved word problems with additive change and compare structures and language that was either consistent or inconsistent with the structure. The instruction was based on successive simplifications to the problems whenever the child was unable to apply a structurally appropriate strategy: removing irrelevant literal information from the problem, simplifying the text syntactically, and removing irrelevant numerical information. The performance of children with language difficulties was lower than that of the typically developing children and the simplifications did not support performance to the same extent. The presence of irrelevant numerical information was challenging, especially for children with language difficulties. Removing irrelevant information from the problem was followed by stronger performance on change problems and those with consistent language, revealing that the instructional supports were not sufficient for compare and inconsistent problems.
Sprint interval training in the postpartum period maintains the enhanced cardiac output of pregnancy: A case study
Authors: Richard Normand , Claydon Victoria , Koehle Michael , Coté Anita
Published: July 2024

During pregnancy an increased cardiac output () and blood volume (BV) occur to support fetal growth. Increased and BV also occur during chronic endurance exercise training and benefit performance. We investigated if sprint interval training (SIT) undertaken early postpartum maintains the elevated and BV of pregnancy and benefits performance. The participant, a competitive field hockey player and former cyclist, visited our laboratory at 2 weeks of gestation (baseline) and postpartum pre‐, mid‐ and post‐intervention (PPpre, PPmid and PPpost). Delivery was uncomplicated and she felt ready to start the SIT programme 5 weeks postpartum. Inert gas rebreathing was used to measure peak exercise (peak); was measured with a metabolic cart; and postpartum haematological values were measured with carbon monoxide rebreathing. The 18 SIT sessions progressed from four to eight sprints at 130% of peak power output. peak increased from baseline at all postpartum time points (baseline 16.2 vs. 17.5, 16.8 and 17.2 L/min at PPpre, PPmid and PPpost, respectively). Relative remained below baseline values at all postpartum measurements (baseline 44.9 vs. 41.0, 42.3 and 42.5 mL/kg/min at PPpre, PPmid and PPpost, respectively) whereas absolute rapidly reached baseline values postpartum (baseline 3.19 vs. 3.12, 3.23 and 3.18 L/min at PPpre, PPmid and PPpost, respectively). Postpartum BV (5257, 4271 and 5214 mL at PPpre, PPmid and PPpost, respectively) and Hbmass (654, 525 and 641 g at PPpre, PPmid and PPpost, respectively) were similar between PPpre and PPpost but decreased alongside peak at PPmid. Peak power was returned to pre‐pregnancy values by intervention end (302 vs. 303 W, baseline vs. PPpost). These findings show that SIT undertaken early postpartum defends the elevated peak of pregnancy and rapidly returns absolute and peak power to baseline levels.
Changes in protein fluxes and gene expression in non‐injured muscle tissue distant from an acute myotoxic injury in male mice
Authors: Bizieff Alec , Cheng Maggie , Chang Kelvin , Mohammed Hussein , Ziari Naveed , Nyangau Edna , Fitch Mark , Hellerstein Marc K.
Published: July 2024

The response to acute myotoxic injury requires stimulation of local repair mechanisms in the damaged tissue. However, satellite cells in muscle distant from acute injury have been reported to enter a functional state between quiescence and active proliferation. Here, we asked whether protein flux rates are altered in muscle distant from acute local myotoxic injury and how they compare to changes in gene expression from the same tissue. Broad and significant alterations in protein turnover were observed across the proteome in the limb contralateral to injury during the first 10 days after. Interestingly, mRNA changes had almost no correlation with directly measured protein turnover rates. In summary, we show consistent and striking changes in protein flux rates in muscle tissue contralateral to myotoxic injury, with no correlation between changes in mRNA levels and protein synthesis rates. This work motivates further investigation of the mechanisms, including potential neurological factors, responsible for this distant effect.

image

Key points

Previous literature demonstrates that stem cells of uninjured muscle respond to local necrotic muscle tissue damage and regeneration.

We show that muscle tissue that was distant from a model of local necrotic damage had functional changes at both the gene expression and the protein turnover level.

However, these changes in distant tissue were more pronounced during the earlier stages of tissue regeneration and did not correlate well with each other.

The results suggest communication between directly injured tissue and non‐affected tissues that are distant from injury, which warrants further investigation into the potential of this mechanism as a proactive measure for tissue regeneration from damage.
Photon-efficient optical tweezers via wavefront shaping
Authors: Būtaitė Unė G. , Sharp Christina , Horodynski Michael , Gibson Graham M. , Padgett Miles J. , Rotter Stefan , Taylor Jonathan M. , Phillips David B.
Published: July 2024

Optical tweezers enable noncontact trapping of microscale objects using light. It is not known how tightly it is possible to three-dimensionally (3D) trap microparticles with a given photon budget. Reaching this elusive limit would enable maximally stiff particle trapping for precision measurements on the nanoscale and photon-efficient tweezing of light-sensitive objects. Here, we customize the shape of light fields to suit specific particles, with the aim of optimizing trapping stiffness in 3D. We show, theoretically, that the confinement volume of microspheres held in sculpted optical traps can be reduced by one to two orders of magnitude. Experimentally, we use a wavefront shaping–inspired strategy to passively suppress the Brownian fluctuations of microspheres in every direction concurrently, demonstrating order-of-magnitude reductions in their confinement volumes. Our work paves the way toward the fundamental limits of optical control over the mesoscopic realm.
Mitogen signaling strength and duration can control cell cycle decisions
Authors: Nussinov Ruth , Zhang Wengang , Liu Yonglan , Jang Hyunbum
Published: July 2024

Decades ago, mitogen-promoted signaling duration and strength were observed to be sensed by the cell and to be critical for its decisions: to proliferate or differentiate. Landmark publications established the importance of mitogen signaling not only in the G
1
cell cycle phase but also through the S and the G
2
/M transition. Despite these early milestones, how mitogen signal duration and strength, short and strong or weaker and sustained, control cell fate has been largely unheeded. Here, we center on cardinal signaling-related questions, including (i) how fluctuating mitogenic signals are converted into cell proliferation-differentiation decisions and (ii) why extended duration of weak signaling is associated with differentiation, while bursts of strong and short induce proliferation but, if too strong and long, induce irreversible senescence. Our innovative broad outlook harnesses cell biology and protein conformational ensembles, helping us to define signaling strength, clarify cell cycle decisions, and thus cell fate.
Piggybacking functionalized DNA nanostructures into live-cell nuclei
Authors: Roozbahani Golbarg M. , Colosi P. L. , Oravecz Attila , Sorokina Elena M. , Pfeifer Wolfgang , Shokri Siamak , Wei Yin , Didier Pascal , DeLuca Marcello , Arya Gaurav , Tora László , Lakadamyali Melike , Poirier Michael G. , Castro Carlos E.
Published: July 2024

DNA origami nanostructures (DOs) are promising tools for applications including drug delivery, biosensing, detecting biomolecules, and probing chromatin substructures. Targeting these nanodevices to mammalian cell nuclei could provide impactful approaches for probing, visualizing, and controlling biomolecular processes within live cells. We present an approach to deliver DOs into live-cell nuclei. We show that these DOs do not undergo detectable structural degradation in cell culture media or cell extracts for 24 hours. To deliver DOs into the nuclei of human U2OS cells, we conjugated 30-nanometer DO nanorods with an antibody raised against a nuclear factor, specifically the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II (Pol II). We find that DOs remain structurally intact in cells for 24 hours, including inside the nucleus. We demonstrate that electroporated anti–Pol II antibody–conjugated DOs are piggybacked into nuclei and exhibit subdiffusive motion inside the nucleus. Our results establish interfacing DOs with a nuclear factor as an effective method to deliver nanodevices into live-cell nuclei.
Solid-state polymer-particle hybrid electrolytes: Structure and electrochemical properties
Authors: Utomo Nyalaliska W. , Hong Shifeng , Sinha Ritwick , Kim Keun-il , Deng Yue , Ochonma Prince , Kitahata Minori G. , Garcia-Mendez Regina , Joo Yong L. , Archer Lynden A.
Published: July 2024

Solid-state electrolytes (SSEs) are challenged by complex interfacial chemistry and poor ion transport through the interfaces they form with battery electrodes. Here, we investigate a class of SSE composed of micrometer-sized lithium oxide (Li
2
O) particles dispersed in a polymerizable 1,3-dioxolane (DOL) liquid. Ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of the DOL by Lewis acid salts inside a battery cell produces polymer-inorganic hybrid electrolytes with gradient properties on both the particle and battery cell length scales. These electrolytes sustain stable charge-discharge behavior in Li||NCM811 and anode-free Cu||NCM811 electrochemical cells. On the particle length scale, Li
2
O retards ROP, facilitating efficient ion transport in a fluid-like region near the particle surface. On battery cell length scales, gravity-assisted settling creates physical and electrochemical gradients in the hybrid electrolytes. By means of electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses, we find that Li
2
O particles participate in a reversible redox reaction that increases the effective CE in anode-free cells to values approaching 100%, enhancing battery cycle life.
Single 5-centimeter-aperture metalens enabled intelligent lightweight mid-infrared thermographic camera
Authors: Hou Mingming , Chen Yan , Li Junyu , Yi Fei
Published: July 2024

Existing mid-infrared thermographic cameras rely on a stack of refractive lenses, resulting in bulky and heavy imaging systems that restrict their broader utility. Here, we demonstrate a lightweight metalens-based thermographic camera (MTC) enabled by a single 0.5-mm-thick, 3.7-g-weight, flat, and mass-producible metalens. The large aperture size (5 cm) of our metalens, when combined with an uncooled focal plane array, enables thermal imaging at distances of tens of meters. By computationally removing the veiling glare, our MTC realizes the temperature mapping with an inaccuracy of less than ±0.7% within the range of 35° to 700°C and shows exceptional environmental adaptability. Furthermore, by using intelligent algorithms and spectral filtering, our uncooled MTC enables visualization and quantification of the SF
6
gas leakage at a long distance of 5 m, with a remarkable minimum detectable leak rate of 0.2 sccm. Our work opens the door to the lightweight and multifunctional intelligent thermal imaging systems.
Biomimetic bimodal haptic perception using triboelectric effect
Authors: He Shaoshuai , Dai Jinhong , Wan Dong , Sun Shengshu , Yang Xiya , Xia Xin , Zi Yunlong
Published: July 2024

Multimodal haptic perception is essential for enhancing perceptual experiences in augmented reality applications. To date, several artificial tactile interfaces have been developed to perceive pressure and precontact signals, while simultaneously detecting object type and softness with quantified modulus still remains challenging. Here, inspired by the campaniform sensilla on insect antennae, we proposed a hemispherical bimodal intelligent tactile sensor (BITS) array using the triboelectric effect. The system is capable of softness identification, modulus quantification, and material type recognition. In principle, due to the varied deformability of materials, the BITS generates unique triboelectric output fingerprints when in contact with the tested object. Furthermore, owing to the different electron affinities, the BITS array can accurately recognize material type (99.4% accuracy), facilitating softness recognition (100% accuracy) and modulus quantification. It is promising that the BITS based on the triboelectric effect has the potential to be miniaturized to provide real-time accurate haptic information as an artificial antenna toward applications of human-machine integration.
Human life within a narrow range: The lethal ups and downs of type I interferons
Authors: Crow Yanick J. , Casanova Jean-Laurent
Published: July 2024

The past 20 years have seen the definition of human monogenic disorders and their autoimmune phenocopies underlying either defective or enhanced type I interferon (IFN) activity. These disorders delineate the impact of type I IFNs in natural conditions and demonstrate that only a narrow window of type I IFN activity is beneficial. Insufficient type I IFN predisposes humans to life-threatening viral diseases (albeit unexpectedly few) with a central role in immunity to respiratory and cerebral viral infection. Excessive type I IFN, perhaps counterintuitively, appears to underlie a greater number of autoinflammatory and/or autoimmune conditions known as type I interferonopathies, whose study has revealed multiple molecular programs involved in the induction of type I IFN signaling. These observations suggest that the manipulation of type I IFN activity to within a physiological range may be clinically relevant for the prevention and treatment of viral and inflammatory diseases.
Mobile-CRISPRi protocol optimization for
Vibrionaceae
Authors: Geyman Logan J. , Tanner Madeline P. , Rosario-Meléndez Natalia , Peters Jason M. , Mandel Mark J. , van Kessel Julia C.
Published: July 2024

Mobile clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats interference (Mobile-CRISPRi) is an established method for bacterial gene expression knockdown. The deactivated Cas9 protein and guide RNA are isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside inducible, and all components are integrated into the chromosome via Tn
7
transposition. Here, we optimized methods specific for applying Mobile-CRISPRi in multiple
Vibrio
species.
Complete genome sequence of a
Marinococcus
sp. PL1-022 isolated from the pink hypersaline Pearse Lakes, Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Authors: Young Crystal E. , Alattas Hussain , Scott Colin , Murphy Daniel V. , Tiwari Ravi , Reeve Wayne G.
Published: July 2024

Marinococcus
sp. PL1-022 was isolated from Pearse Lakes, Western Australia. The sequenced genome consists of a chromosome (3,140,198 bp; 48.2% GC) and two plasmids (58,083 bp and 19,399 bp; 41.4 and 50.7% GC-content, respectively). Isolation of
Marinococcus
sp. PL1-022 adds to the increasing repertoire of culturable extremophiles.
Complete genome sequence of
Idiomarina
sp. PL1-037 isolated from the pink hypersaline Pearse Lakes, Rottnest Island, Western Australia
Authors: Young Crystal E. , Alattas Hussain , Scott Colin , Murphy Daniel V. , Tiwari Ravi , Reeve Wayne G.
Published: July 2024

Idiomarina
sp. PL1-037 was isolated from Pearse Lakes, Rottnest Island, Western Australia. The sequenced completed genome for PL1-037 is composed of a single chromosome (2,804,934  bp) with a GC content of 47.1%. Isolation of
Idiomarina
sp. PL1-037 provides insights about culturable extremophiles from the Pearse lakes microbiome.
Complete genome sequence of
Erwinia amylovora
PBI209 isolated from a necrotic flower of
Pyrus sinkiangensis
in China
Authors: Gao Ya , Song Bo , Wang Meihong , Yang Fenghuan , Yu Chao , Chen Huamin
Published: July 2024

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of
Erwinia amylovora
PBI209 that causes fire blight isolated from a necrotic flower of
Pyrus sinkiangensis
in Xinjiang, China. The genome consists of 3,800,955 bp, with 3,403 protein-coding genes and a guanine-cytosine content of 53.61%.
Draft genome sequence of ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom
Phlebopus portentosus
strain YAF023
Authors: Yang Mei , Yuan Xiaolong , Kong Lingjia , Gao Yuanni , Liu Chengyi , Wang Yi
Published: July 2024

Phlebopus portentosus
is a favorite ectomycorrhizal edible mushroom in tropical China. Here, we present a draft genome sequence of
P. portentosus
strain YAF023. The genome resource will support subsequent research into the relationship between ectomycorrhizal fungi and trees.
Promoting breastfeeding in Singapore—a case study
Authors: Lee Yu Qi , Lim Charissa , Chng Chee Yeong , Chien Chua Mei , Fong Mary Chong Foong
Published: July 2024

The health and economic benefits of breastfeeding for mothers, infants and the broader community are well established; however, breastfeeding rates remain suboptimal in Singapore. This commentary reviews the journey Singapore, a high-income and well-resourced country, has taken over the past two decades to promote breastfeeding. We discuss where we are currently at, the measures implemented to achieve our targets and next steps ahead. This article also provides national policy makers with key considerations to support breastfeeding in the hospitals and workplaces.
Regional disparities in the use of intensive chemotherapy for AML in the Netherlands: does it influence survival?
Authors: Kaplan Z L Rana , van Leeuwen Nikki , van Klaveren David , Visser Otto , Posthuma Eduardus F M , van Lammeren-Venema Danielle , Snijders Tjeerd J F , van Elssen Catharina H M J , van Rhenen Anna , von dem Borne Peter A , Blijlevens Nicole M A , Cornelissen Jan J , Raaijmakers Marc H G P , van de Loosdrecht Arjan A , Huls Gerwin , Lemmens Valery E P P , Lingsma Hester F , Dinmohamed Avinash G
Published: July 2024

Objective

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) prognosis is enhanced with intensive remission induction chemotherapy (ICT) in eligible patients. However, ICT eligibility perceptions may differ among healthcare professionals. This nationwide, population-based study aimed to explore regional variation in ICT application and its relation with overall survival (OS).

Methods and analysis

We compared nine Dutch regional networks using data from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. Regional variance was assessed for the entire population and age subgroups (ie, ≤60 years and >60 years) using multivariable mixed effects logistic and Cox proportional hazard regression analyses, expressed via median OR (MOR) and median HR (MHR).

Results

Including all adult AML patients from 2014 to 2018 (N=4060 patients; 58% males; median age, 70 years), 1761 (43%) received ICT. ICT application varied from 36% to 57% (MOR 1.36 (95% CI 1.11 to 1.58)) across regions, with minor variations for patients aged ≤60 years (MOR 1.16 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.40)) and more extensive differences for those aged >60 years (MOR 1.43 (95% CI 1.16 to 1.63)). Median OS spanned 4.9–8.4 months across regions (MHR 1.11 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.15)), with pronounced differences in older patients (MHR 1.12 (95% CI 1.08 to 1.20)) but negligible differences in the younger group (MHR 1.02 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.14)). Survival differences for the total population and the older patients decreased to respectively, MHR 1.09 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.13) and 1.10 (95% CI 1.04 to 1.18), after additional adjustment for the probability of receiving ICT within a region, indicating approximately 10% unexplained differences.

Conclusion

Regional disparities in ICT application and survival exist, especially in older AML patients. However, ICT application differences partially explain survival disparities, indicating the need for more standardised ICT eligibility criteria and a better understanding of underlying causes of outcome disparities.