bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ИРОНИЯ – СТАТУСНЫЙ СИМВОЛ ВЫСШИХ КЛАССОВ АНГЛИИ
Authors: Tislenkova Irina Aleksandrovna , Glebova Ekaterina Aleksandrovna , Bgantseva Irina Vladimirovna , Ionkina Ekaterina Yuryevna
Published: February 2020

Статья посвящена анализу малоизученных особенностей функционирования иронии в речи высших классов Англии.Цель исследования состоит в социолингвистическом анализе реплик героев в тексте сценария британского телесериала Джулиана Феллоуза «Аббатство Даунтон», содержащих контексты употребления иронии английскими аристократами начала XX века для выявления её языковых маркеров, описания тактик и типов речевых актов, её воздействия на коммуникантов.Основные методы, использованные в исследовании: социолингвистический анализ речи персонажа посредством социолингвистических категорий.Результаты. Проведённое исследование случаев употребления иронии позволило прийти к выводу о том, что информационный план иронического высказывания выражается имплицитно, включает приемы навешивания ярлыков, обесценивания заслуг собеседника, унижения, издёвки, с помощью гиперболической метафоры, иронического пейоратива, аллюзии и антитезы.Область применения результатов. Полученные выводы могут быть использованы в курсе межкультурной коммуникации, стилистики, перевода и семиотики.
ЖЕЛЕЗНОДОРОЖНЫЕ ТЕРМИНЫ В АМЕРИКАНСКОМ И БРИТАНСКОМ АНГЛИЙСКОМ
Authors: Grubin Ilya Valentinovich , Dmitrieva Elizaveta Igorevna
Published: February 2020

Актуальность исследования. Образование английских железнодорожных терминов неразрывно связано с развитием железнодорожного транспорта сначала в Великобритании, а затем и в США. При этом точность перевода профессиональных текстов во многом зависит от понимания территориальных различий между британской и американской терминологиями.Цель исследования. Целью исследования является сравнительный анализ железнодорожной терминологии в британском и американском вариантах английского языкаМетоды. К используемым методам можно отнести анализ словарных дефиниций, этимологический анализ, сравнительно-сопоставительный метод.Результатом исследования является подтверждение гипотезы о том, что американская и британская железнодорожная терминология строят номинацию на основе разных ключевых признаков (например, в американском варианте английского языка, в основу номинации положены более узкие значения (ср. controller и dispatcher).Область применения результатов. Полученные результаты могут быть использованы в ходе преподавания лексикологии и терминоведения, а также на практических занятиях по иностранному языку в транспортных вузах.
Anaesthetic complications and emergencies preparedness part 2: intraoperative and recovery period complications
Authors: Marotto Stéphanie , Bradbrook Carl A , Zoff Aurora
Published: February 2020

This is a straightforward reference guide designed to assist in diagnosing and treating anaesthetic complications and emergency situations in the perioperative period. Each complication is presented with its risk factors, signs for recognition and differential diagnoses when indicated. Management is presented in a step-by-step manner. Whenever possible, advice on how to prevent these situations from occurring is also provided. This second part focuses on complications more commonly observed in the intraoperative and postoperative period. It includes common situations, such as spontaneous/seizure-like movement or agitation; rare but life-threatening emergencies, such as malignant hyperthermia; and postoperative conditions less recognised in veterinary medicine, such as nausea and severe pain. The complications are presented in alphabetic order in each section (intraoperative and postoperative periods) for easy, rapid consultation.
Quantum evolution speed in a double-layer environment
Authors: Xu Kai , Zhang Guo-Feng , Zhou Yue , Liu Wu-Ming
Published: February 2020

We investigate the dynamics of a two-level system in the presence of an
overall environment composed of two layers. The first layer is just
one single-mode cavity that decays to a memoryless reservoir while the
second layer is two coupled single-mode cavities that decay to
memoryless or memory-keeping reservoirs. We show that, in the
weak-coupling regime between the qubit and the first-layer
environment, the speed of evolution for the system can be controlled
to a speeded-up or speeded-down process by manipulating the coupling
strength in a double-layer environment. In particular, we find that
multiple dynamics transitions from a not-speeded-up evolution to
speeded-up evolution can be realized for the system by increasing the
coupling strength in the second-layer environment. These results hold
independently of the nature of the reservoirs in the second-layer
environment.
Nonlinear Optics: feature issue introduction
Authors: Denz Cornelia , Hagan David J. , Boyd Robert , Conti Claudio , Mecozzi Antonio , Salandrino Alessandro
Published: February 2020

This joint issue of Optics Express and Optical Materials Express features 18 state-of-the art articles that witness actual developments in nonlinear optics, including those by authors who participated in the international conference Nonlinear Optics held in Waikoloa, Hawaii from July 15 to 19, 2019. As an introduction, the editors provide a summary of these articles that cover all aspects of nonlinear optics, from basic nonlinear effects and novel frequency windows to innovative nonlinear materials and devices, thereby paving the way for new nonlinear optical concepts and forthcoming applications.
Promotion of pulse peak power by halving the repetition rate based on a vector soliton
Authors: Wang Shijie , Liao Lei , Xing Yingbin , Li Haiqing , Peng Jinggang , Yang Luyun , Dai Nengli , Li Jinyan
Published: February 2020

We report on an all-fiber mode-locked repetition-rate-switch pulse operation in a Yb-doped fiber laser based on a polarization rotation vector soliton. The polarization controller (PC) in a fiber loop and a polarization-dependent isolator at the output port are incorporated into the laser resonator at the switch of the repetition rate. By adjusting the PC in the cavity, the mode locking can be switched between the fundamental repetition rate and half of it with a tiny pulse width change. Also, the halved pulse exhibits unique properties: a huge promotion in energy and peak power. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first all-fiber seed source with a passive switch of the repetition rate based on a vector soliton.
Simultaneous generation of ultrabroadband noise-like pulses and intracavity third harmonic at 2  µm
Authors: Li Yuhang , Kang Yi , Guo Xin , Tong Limin
Published: February 2020

We demonstrated that ultrabroadband noise-like pulses (NLPs) spanning from below 1600 nm to beyond 2300 nm can be generated in Tm-doped fiber lasers enabled by an optical microfiber. Meanwhile, pronounced red light around 660 nm was also observed, which was attributed to the intracavity third harmonic generation (THG) of ultrashort pulses by harnessing the intermodal phase matching in the optical microfiber. As far as we know, it is the first time to simultaneously observe the ultrabroadband NLPs and the intracavity THG in ultrafast fiber lasers, and it is anticipated that these ultrabroadband NLPs can be adopted as a compact broadband source for optical spectroscopy around 2 µm and a wonderful potential seed for supercontinuum generation in the mid-infrared. Moreover, the THG of the intracavity high peak power NLPs in ultrafast fiber lasers provides a new kind of fiber-format visible light source.
Photonic digital-to-analog conversion using a blue frequency chirp in a semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Okada Takuya , Kobayashi Ryuichi , Rui Wang , Sagara Masaki , Matsuura Motoharu
Published: February 2020

In this Letter, we present a photonic digital-to-analog conversion (DAC) technique based on blue-chirp spectral slicing using a semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA). Because the gain change in an SOA leads to a refractive-index change based on the change in intensity of the input data signal, the probe signals experience a dynamic frequency shift to a shorter-wavelength side called a blue-chirp. After passing through the SOA, the probe signals corresponding to the logic level of the input digital signal are extracted by filtering only the blue-chirp component of the probe signals using rectangular-shape filters. In this study, we experimentally demonstrate a 10-Gb/s, 2-bit photonic DAC from a 10-Gb/s digital signal with various data patterns to a four-level amplitude signal assuming an analog signal. In addition, we evaluate the resolution performance of the photonic DAC in terms of differential and integral nonlinearities and an effective number of bits.
Mechanisms of Resistance to Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Pathway Inhibition in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma
Authors: Goetz Eva M. , Garraway Levi A.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Anticancer drug resistance remains a crucial impediment to the care of many patients with cancer. Although the exact mechanisms of resistance may differ for each therapy, common mechanisms of resistance predominate, including drug inactivation or modification, mutation of the target protein, reduced drug accumulation, or bypass of target inhibition. With the discovery and use of targeted therapies (such as small-molecule kinase inhibitors), resistance has received renewed attention—especially in light of the dramatic responses that may emerge from such therapeutics in particular genetic or molecular contexts. Recently, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway has become exemplary in this regard, since it is activated in many different cancers. Drugs targeting RAF and MAPK kinase (MEK) are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of several types of cancer. Vemurafenib, a selective RAF kinase inhibitor recently approved for the treatment of BRAF(V600E) melanoma, shows strong efficacy initially; however, the development of resistance is nearly ubiquitous. In vitro testing and analysis of patient samples have uncovered several mechanisms of resistance to RAF inhibition. Surprisingly, mutations in the drug-binding pocket have not thus far been observed; however, other alterations at the level of RAF, as well as downstream activation of MEK and bypass of MEK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling altogether, confer resistance to vemurafenib. Looking forward, combined RAF and MEK inhibitor treatments may improve efficacy—yet we must anticipate mechanisms of resistance to this combination as well. Therefore, understanding and/or determining the mechanism of resistance are paramount to effective cancer treatment.
The Evolving Landscape of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Heng Daniel Y. C. , Choueiri Toni K.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

The treatment paradigm in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) has evolved over the last 5 years. There are now seven approved targeted therapies against the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathways. The use of targeted therapy, sequences, combinations, and investigational compounds will be discussed. Prognostic and predictive tools are detailed, although much work must be done to find predictive biomarkers in an effort to individualize therapy for patients.
How to Decide Whether to Offer and Use “Nonstandard” Therapies in Patients with Advanced Sarcomas and Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors: Global Variations in Clinical Practice, Assessment, and Access to Therapies in Diseases with Limited Incidence and Data
Authors: Sleijfer Stefan , Judson Ian , Demetri George D.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

As cancer is more generally recognized as a collection of various rare diseases rather than a homogeneous illness, sarcomas have become a model for the manner in which data can and cannot be used to drive clinical decision making. In this article, we explore the limitations of data generated in rare diseases such as sarcomas to provide an evidence base for clinical practice. How should patients be treated if there is no “standard” that offers “proof” of clinical benefit? By asking this question, we also raise the issue of what constitutes “clinical benefit”—and how to measure that—for patients with sarcomas and other rare diseases. As physicians become more accountable for decisions—and yet are always accountable to the patients and families who rely on them to provide the best and most appropriate care—oncologists must be cognizant of the limitations of data in rare diseases and be ready to justify actions that are in the best medical and social interests of patients.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting Incidence and Prevalence
Authors: Grunberg Steven M.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

Although chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting is recognized as having been an important problem during the initial introduction of chemotherapy into the antineoplastic armamentarium, the assumption that this problem has already been solved can restrict optimal management and further advances. Underestimation of nausea and vomiting may have many causes. If these toxicities are assumed to be necessary properties of chemotherapy, then their incidence may be taken for granted. If nausea and vomiting appear after discharge from the clinic several days after chemotherapy, these toxicities may not be reported because of poor recall or because of efforts by patients to avoid unnecessary complaints. Physician education may be compromised if physicians see nausea and vomiting as population problems but not problems for their own patients. Failure to recognize nausea and vomiting as two distinct entities that may appear independently of each other can also limit understanding of the prevalence of these problems and efforts at effective management. Continued attention to the impact of nausea and vomiting on the patient experience will be necessary to insure optimal maintenance of quality of life.
Management of Small T1a/b N0 Breast Cancers
Authors: Elias Anthony D.
Published: February 2020

Overview:

T1ab N0 breast cancer generally has excellent prognosis. Adverse prognostic factors include HER2+ disease, ER-negative disease, high-grade histology, T1b, and young age of patient. These patients are largely excluded from most trials, and to date, no prospective studies for this group yet reported. Treatment guidelines are vague and treatment inconsistent. As yet, in the HER2+ population, little experience with targeted therapy has been reported. Prospective trials are needed.
Investigating the suitability of high-resolution mass spectrometry for newborn screening: identification of hemoglobinopathies and β-thalassemias in dried blood spots
Authors: Wiesinger Thomas , Mechtler Thomas , Schwarz Markus , Xie Xiaolei , Grosse Regine , Nieves Cobos Paulina , Kasper David , Lukacs Zoltan
Published: February 2020

A fast and reliable method for the determination of hemoglobinopathies and thalassemias by high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (HRAM/MS) is presented. The established method was verified in a prospective clinical study (HRAM/MS vs. high-pressure liquid chromatography [HPLC]) of 5335 de-identified newborn samples from the Hamburg area. The analytical method is based on a dual strategy using intact protein ratios for thalassemias and tryptic digest fragments for the diagnosis of hemoglobinopathies. Due to the minimal sample preparation and the use of flow injection, the assay can be considered as a high-throughput screening approach for newborn screening programs (2 min/sample). Using a simple dried blood spot (DBS) extraction (tryptic digest buffer), the following results were obtained: (1) a carrier incidence of 1:100 newborns (35 FAS, nine FAC, eight FAD and two FAE), and (2) no homozygous affected patient was detected. Using the HRAM/MS protocol, an unknown Hb mutation was identified and confirmed by genetic testing. In addition to greater specificity toward rare mutations and β-thalassemia, the low price/sample (1–2€) as well as an automated data processing represent the major benefits of the described HRAM/MS method.
Evaluation of an outpatient department (OPD)-based prescribing pattern of fixed-dose combinations in a tertiary care institute in Central India
Authors: Chandel Satish , Rai Niket , Balakrishnan Sadashivam , Jhaj Ratinder , Vishwe Akash , Gour Pushpraj , Santenna Chenchula , Sharma Shweta
Published: February 2020

Background

Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) are being widely prescribed for the treatment of various disorders in India. However, not all FDCs are rational. To know the awareness of physicians in prescribing rational FDCs was the need of the hour in order to assess the prescribing trends and rationality of FDCs. Eventually, this will help to formulate the guideline for rational use of FDCs.

Methods

This was a prospective observational study conducted in All India Institute of Medical Sciences Bhopal, MP, India. Prescriptions were collected over a period of 2 months by the convenience sampling method from hospital pharmacy. The data were subjected to descriptive analysis using Microsoft Excel and Graph Pad Prism. Results were expressed in mean ± standard deviation (SD), percentages and 95% confidence interval.

Results

A total of 2496 drugs were prescribed in 1008 prescriptions, of which 945 (37.82%) were FDCs with an average of 0.93 ± 0.94 (mean ± SD) per prescription. Of 945, 67 (7.09%) were included in National List of Essential Medicine 2015 considered as rational. The number of prescriptions containing one or more FDCs was 629 (62.40%). FDCs were more frequently prescribed to male patients (54.92%) and in the age group of 18–30 years (33.44%). FDCs containing a proton pump inhibitor were prescribed most frequently (16.29%) followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (13.96%) and multivitamins (7.83%).

Conclusions

Prescribing irrational FDCs was very common, and hence there is an obvious need to update our prescribers about the irrationality of FDC and motivate them to develop a habit of rational prescribing.
Evaluating current practices and policies in the use of injectable medicines for treating myalgia in a primary care center in Pamekasan, Indonesia
Authors: Prasetio Eko , Utami Wahyu , Othman Zulhabri , Wardani Ari , Rahem Abdul , Hermansyah Andi
Published: February 2020

Background

Myalgia in patients can be associated with a large array of conditions, including injuries, infections and inflammations. Treatment for myalgia may include the use of oral, topical and injectable medicines (IM). However, the use of IM has been restricted by the World Health Organization due to the common hazards associated with inappropriate medicine use, risks of disease transmission and more expensive spending for using IM. Accordingly, the Ministry of Health of Indonesia (MoH) has limited the use at the level of ≤1% in every primary care center (Puskesmas) across the nation. The aim of this study was to report and evaluate rational drug use injection in myalgia in a Puskesmas in Pamekasan, Indonesia.

Methods

This study reviewed official documents, such as rational drug use report, medicine use databases and drug request report. The documents were obtained from the district health office or public domain from 2014 to 2018. Data were then collated, extracted and presented as frequencies.

Results

The average rate of use of IM for myalgia in Pamekasan was 36.15%. All 20 Puskesmas in Pamekasan conducted injection practice above the recommended level, thus reflecting a major gap between practice and policy implementation. This study implies that a substantial effort is needed to enforce the policy.

Conclusions

The use of IM for myalgia treatment in Pamekasan from 2014 to 2018 was significantly higher than the recommended level, thus reflecting a major problem in the practice. This is an alarming call for the local healthcare stakeholders to improve such a situation.
Why simple quadrature is just as good as Monte Carlo
Authors: Vanslette Kevin , Al Alsheikh Abdullatif , Youcef-Toumi Kamal
Published: February 2020

We motive and calculate Newton–Cotes quadrature integration variance and compare it directly with Monte Carlo (MC) integration variance.
We find an equivalence between deterministic quadrature sampling and random MC sampling by noting that MC random sampling is statistically indistinguishable from a method that uses deterministic sampling on a randomly shuffled (permuted) function.
We use this statistical equivalence to regularize the form of permissible Bayesian quadrature integration priors such that they are guaranteed to be objectively comparable with MC.
This leads to the proof that simple quadrature methods have expected variances that are less than or equal to their corresponding theoretical MC integration variances.
Separately, using Bayesian probability theory, we find that the theoretical standard deviations of the unbiased errors of simple Newton–Cotes composite quadrature integrations improve over their worst case errors by an extra dimension independent factor

∝

N

-

1
2

{\propto N^{-\frac{1}{2}}}

.
This dimension independent factor is validated in our simulations.
Thailand: country report on children’s environmental health
Authors: Chandanachulaka Siriwan
Published: February 2020

Thailand is the home of 66.4 million people of which 17.21% are children aged 0–14 years. The total population of children has decreased from 20.23% in 2009 to 17.21% in 2018. The mortality ratio of infants and children under 5 years of age has also steadily decreased between 2008 and 2017. Urbanization, globalization, and industrialization appear to be the main contributors to the transition from infectious to chronic non-communicable diseases. The main types of environmental exposure to children are water, sanitation and hygiene, air pollution from traffic in inner cities, chemical hazards from pesticides which result from agricultural activities in countryside areas, heavy metal contaminants such as lead and arsenic from anthropogenic activities, e.g. from industrial zones, mining, electronic appliance waste, and ongoing climate change. It is concluded that economic development and rapid urbanization in Thailand have resulted in environmental degradation and pose a risk to children’s health. Future development and implementation of measures to improve children’s environmental health (CEH) in the country are needed. Some examples include research specific to environmental threats to children’s health; international environmental health networks to share experience and expertise; and solutions to solve the problems.
Ginsenosides, potent inhibitors of sialyltransferase
Authors: Huang Wenxin , Sun Liwen , Wang Baihui , Ma Yan , Yao Dahong , Han Weina , Wang Libo
Published: February 2020

The overexpression of sialic acids and sialyltransferases (STs) during malignant transformation and progression could result in the aberrant sialylation of cancer cells. Therefore, interfering the sialic acid synthesis might be an effective pathway in cancer therapy. In this study, we assessed that the antitumor inhibitors of 20(S)-ginsenosides Rg3, 20(R)-ginsenosides Rg3, 20(S)-ginsenosides Rh2, and 20(R)-ginsenosides Rh2 could block the sialoglycans in liver cancer cells HepG2. The results showed that these four compounds could inhibit the expressions of the total and free sialic acid at different levels in HepG2, respectively; also, it showed dose dependence. In addition, the results of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that the above four compounds can inhibit the expression of STs significantly. We also found that these compounds could mediate the block of sialylation of α2,3- and α2,6-linked sialic acids in HepG2 cells by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, the results of the molecular docking investigation showed that these compounds showed strong interaction with ST6GalI and ST3GalI. These results verified that the ginsenosides have a powerful inhibiting aberrant sialylation, and it laid a theoretical foundation for further research on the investigation of ginsenosides as the target inhibitors on STs.
Capitalismo dependente e as origens da “questão social” no Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Castelo Rodrigo , Ribeiro Vinicius , Rocamora Guilherme de
Published: February 2020

Resumo: O presente trabalho discute, a partir das particularidades do capitalismo dependente no Brasil, a gênese da “questão social” no estado do Rio de Janeiro. Nas duas primeiras partes, apresentamos algumas especificidades históricas da transição brasileira para o capitalismo em meados do século XIX e as mudanças do padrão de reprodução do capital agromineiro exportador para o industrial no estado fluminense. Na terceira, analisamos a luta das classes subalternas contra a superexploração do trabalho.
Sentidos de família e o desafio para a intersetorialidade na proteção social
Authors: Orozimbo Elizete Matias Barbosa , Afonso Maria Lúcia Miranda
Published: February 2020

Resumo: O artigo relata uma pesquisa qualitativa documental, comparando sentidos da família nas políticas de Saúde, Educação e Assistência Social, entre 1988 e 2015, no Brasil. Foram analisados 21 documentos, como campo discursivo relevante, ainda que não exaustivo. Usando a análise crítica do discurso, o artigo discute o lugar estratégico da família nessas políticas como: objeto, instrumento, parceira e/ou sujeito de direitos, envolvendo contradições na intersetorialidade na proteção social.
Envelhecimento, família e políticas públicas: em cena a organização social do cuidado
Authors: Teixeira Solange Maria
Published: February 2020

Resumo: O artigo tem por objetivo problematizar as análises do envelhecimento humano como um “dado” natural e apresentar a perspectiva metodológica de trato do fenômeno na perspectiva crítica, bem como de suas demandas por cuidados em uma sociedade que vive a crise do cuidado pelo aumento da demanda e pela reduzida oferta na família e nas políticas públicas, que se agravam com as reformas neoliberais. A relação família/Estado é debatida e são desvendadas as direções da centralidade da família na política social brasileira contemporânea.
Serviço Social e Poder Judiciário: aproximações com uma agenda de educação permanente
Authors: Borba Mariana Pires , Fernandes Rosa Maria Castilhos
Published: February 2020

Resumo: O texto socializa reflexões sobre o trabalho profissional junto as necessidades sociais judicializadas que requerem dos assistentes sociais no Poder Judiciário um conjunto de conhecimentos e competências. A Educação Permanente surge como proposta pedagógica de formação dos trabalhadores com função mediadora capaz de propor respostas competentes às exigências éticas e políticas da profissão. A construção coletiva de uma agenda de educação permanente é um desafio para os assistentes sociais.
ANTECEDENTS OF WELL-BEING AT WORK: TRUST AND PEOPLE MANAGEMENT POLICIES
Authors: OLIVEIRA ÁUREA F. , GOMIDE JÚNIOR SINÉSIO , POLI BÂNIA V. S.
Published: February 2020

ABSTRACT Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of people management policies and organization trust on well-being at work, the latter being defined as the predominance of positive emotions at work and the individual’s perception that, at work, he/she can express and develop his/her potential and, therefore, he/she progresses to achieving his life’s goals. Originality/value: The hypothesis underlying this research is that the work context presents itself as a privileged place for emotions and, fundamentally, for the realization and construction of personal happiness. The premise that the attainment of personal happiness is possible at work encourages people-management professionals to identify effective strategies for promoting well-being. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consisted of 212 workers from various organizations who answered to instruments with evidence of validity and reliability. The model was tested by structural equation modeling and the reliability coefficients of the scales tested using Cronbach’s alpha. Findings: The results showed that the adjustment of the model is only reasonable, although, depending on the adjustment indices, it can be accepted. The results are discussed in terms of the contributions of the study to the expansion of knowledge in the area of organizational behavior and its implications for managerial actions. It is also suggested to carry out other studies covering larger samples and different natures.
Edu-Car for life and career: evaluation of a program
Authors: Leal Mara de Souza , Melo-Silva Lucy Leal , Taveira Maria do Ceú
Published: February 2020

Abstract Considering the relevance of the development of socio-emotional and career skills to deal with educational and occupational transitions, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Edu-Car Program, which purpose is the development of socio-emotional and career competence. From the quasi-experimental design with intervention and comparison groups, 116 high school students from the 10th year, of two public schools in the interior of the State of São Paulo, specifically 60 girls and 56 boys, with mean age of 15, participated. The Social and Emotional or Non-cognitive Nationwide Assessment, called Senna 1.0 and the Career Education Questionnaire, were used as pre and post-test instruments. For the inter and intra-group comparison the T-Test was used for independent and paired samples. The results show that the intervention had significant effects on career exploration, with more search for help and/or information from different people and sources.
Tree species richness and composition in a fragmented landscape of the Brazilian lowland Atlantic Forest
Authors: Pessoa Solange de Vasconcellos Albuquerque , Araujo Dorothy Sue Dunn de
Published: February 2020

Abstract Tropical forests are one of the most important ecosystems and loss of biological diversity in these is a major concern. We studied seven forest remnants on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, southeastern Brazil, three medium-sized (24-63 ha) and four small (5-11 ha), to assess the influence of size, degree of disturbance and isolation on composition and diversity of the tree layer. A total of 443 species in 60 families and 185 genera were recorded, with Myrtaceae, Lauraceae and Fabaceae being the most species-rich families. The results showed areas of high α-diversity (α= 34.86-75.69) and a slightly greater decline of similarity with distance between the study areas. Remnant size not explained the variation in the species composition and we found correlation between the level of disturbance and the floristic composition. The remnants had low floristic similarity, strongly influenced by the degree of disturbance. Results suggest that disturbance influences composition and diversity and confirm the importance of including both medium-sized and small remnants in the conservation of tropical forest diversity.
Less invasive surfactant administration in preterm neonates with respiratory distress syndrome: a network meta-analysis v1
Authors: Bellos Ioannis , Fitrou Georgia , Pandita Aakash
Published: February 2020

Preterm birth is often associated with respiratory distress syndrome, which may lead to bronchopulmonary dysplasia and high rates of morbidity and mortality. The current treatment approach is the initial use of nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP), followed by surfactant administration in neonates with worsening respiratory distress. The aim of the present network meta-analysis is to simultaneously assess the effects of less invasive methods for administering surfactant on clinical outcomes and compare them to the conventional InSurE (Intubation, Surfactant administration and Extubation) method.
State of Mental Health and Associated Factors in Nursing Students from Southeastern Iran
Authors: Mohebbi Zinat , Setoodeh Giti , Torabizadeh Camelia , Rambod Masoume
Published: February 2020

Objective. To evaluate the state of mental health and its relation with associated factors among nursing students.Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 130 students from the Nursing and Midwifery College affiliated to the University of Medical Sciences of Shiraz (Iran). Data was collected through a document that included information on the demographic characteristics, the mean grades of the practical assignments and of the total (practical and theoretical assignments), and the Goldberg Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28) that measures symptoms grouped into four dimensions (somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction, and depression).Results. Most of the participants (65.1%) were women; 5.3% were between 21 and 22 years of age, 84.5% were single, and 33.3% were in the sixth semester; 68.5% of the students had problems with mental health. By dimensions of the GHQ-28, it was found that 7.7% had somatic symptoms, 13.8% symptoms of anxiety and sleep disorders, 52.3% social dysfunction, and 6.2% depression. Males had a higher score of depression than females, and being single was related with higher scores of physical symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, and depression, compared with those who were married. An inverse relationship was found between the GHQ-28 average score and the semester, the grade in practical assignments, and the total grade for physical symptoms and anxiety and insomnia. Conclusion. There is a high proportion of nursing students with suspected mental health disorder. Some demographic and academic factors are related with the mental health of students and must be kept in mind by the institutions training future nurses.Descriptors: students, nursing; mental health; depression; anxiety; sleep wake disorders; confounding factors (epidemiology); surveys and questionnaires.How to cite this article: Mohebbi Z, Setoodeh G, Torabizadeh C, Rambod M. State of Mental Health and Associated Factors in Nursing Students from Southeastern Iran. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e04.
Validity and Reliability of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Hypertension
Authors: Esquivel Garzón Natalia , Díaz Heredia Luz Patricia
Published: February 2020

Objective. To determine the validity and reliability of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Hypertension (TAQPH), Spanish version, designed by Chunhua Ma et al.Methods. This study was carried out in the city of Ibagué (Colombia)  and the test validation determined validity (face, content, and construct) and reliability. Face and content validity were conducted through expert judgment, using Fleiss’ Kappa Coefficient statistical tests and modified Lawshe’s content validity index. The construct validity and the reliability test had the participation of 220 people with diagnosis of primary hypertension. Reliability was calculated through Cronbach’s alpha statistical test.Results. In the face validity, the instrument reported a Fleiss’ Kappa index was 0.68 in comprehension, 0.76 in clarity, and 0.64 in accuracy, interpreted as a substantial agreement. The content validity index was satisfactory with 0.91; el exploratory factor analysis reported six factors with a total variance explained of 54%. Cronbach’s alpha for the total scale was 0.74.Conclusion. The Spanish version of the TAQPH is a valid and reliable scale to evaluate adherence to treatment in patients with primary hypertension.Descriptors: essential hypertension; treatment adherence and compliance; surveys and questionnaires; psychometrics; validation studies.How to cite this article: Esquivel N, Díaz LP. Validity and Reliability of the Treatment Adherence Questionnaire for Patients with Hypertension. Invest. Educ. Enferm. 2019; 37(3):e09.
Genetic effects of season on the preweaning growth of beef cattle: A first approach to Retinta calves
Authors: Morales Rosa M , Menéndez-Buxadera Alberto , Demyda-Peyrás Sebastián , Molina Antonio
Published: February 2020

Background: Heat stress derived from global warming is causing major economic losses in the livestock industry. Objective: To develop a novel methodological approach for determining the influence of climatic factors on the estimation of genetic parameters for growth traits in Retinta cattle breed by using reaction-norm models. Methods: Live weight records (n=7,753) from 3,162 Retinta calves born from 1,249 dams and 85 sires and raised in the Andalusian region (Spain) were analyzed. The effect of heat stress was measured using the temperature-humidity index, calculated with climatological data obtained from four weather stations. A bivariate-random-regression reaction-norm model was used to estimate the (co)variance components of weight until weaning in two different climatic seasons corresponding to warm and cold months. Results: The heritability pattern of individuals reared under diverse environments during the first 90 days of age was different. However, differences were not significant at the end of the growing period. Weaned calves reared during the cold season showed greater growth from 70 to 160 days in comparison with those reared during the warm season. Conclusions: Highly significant evidence of genotype-climatic condition interaction was found during the calf´s first three months of growth.
18F-fluoroethyltyrozine positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography and computed tomography perfusion in complex diagnostic of glial brain tumors
Authors: Pronin A. I. , Dolgushin M. B. , Sashin D. V. , Meshcheryakova N. A. , Ryzhova O. D. , Gasparyan T. G.
Published: February 2020

The study objective is to evaluate the diagnostic capabilities of complex method based on the use of 18 F-fluoroethyltyrozine positron emission tomography (PET) combined with computed tomography (CT) and CT perfusion in the differential diagnosis of glial brain tumors.

Materials and methods. One hundred and two patients with glial brain tumors were included in the study. Depending on the degree of malignancy patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1–38 (37.26 %) patients with grade I–II tumors; group 2–64 (62.74 %) patients with grade III–IV tumors. Perfusion CT was performed in 20 (52.6 %) patients from the group with grade I–II tumors and 37 (57.8 %) patients from the group with grade III–IV gliomas. The sensitivity and specificity of such indicators as the maximum standardized uptake value (maxSUV) and the tumor to brain ratio (TBR), in combination with CT perfusion indicators (cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV), vascular permeability (FED) were studied.

Results. The highest diagnostic accuracy was demonstrated by the following parameters: maxSUV 1 (sensitivity and specificity 81 and 82 %, threshold value 2.51, AUC 0.87); TBR 1 (sensitivity and specificity 90.6 and 81.6 %, threshold value 2.07, AUC 0.89). The comprehensive evaluation of CT perfusion and 18 F-fluoroethyltyrozine PET / CT parameters: sensitivity and specificity of TBR 1 + CBF – 97.1 and 94.4 %, respectively; TBR 1 + CBV – 96.6 and 94.4 %, respectively; TBR 1 + FED – 94.6 and 92.3 %, respectively.

Conclusion. According to results of obtained analysis, an increase in diagnostic accuracy was revealed for all studied parameters with complex use of two methods – 18 F-fluoroethyltyrozine PET / CT and CT perfusion, in differential diagnosis of glial brain tumors.
Graves’ disease with hyperfunctioning thyroid nodule harboring thyroid carcinoma. Case report and literature review
Authors: Kuprin A. A. , Malyuga V. Y. , Makedonskaya I. V. , Melnikova A. A.
Published: February 2020

According to the American Thyroid Association’s 2015 guidelines: “Since hyperfunctioning nodules rarely harbor malignancy, if one is found that corresponds to the nodule in question, no cytologic evaluation is necessary”. These findings are based on numerous studies proving the rareness of the combination of functional autonomy and thyroid cancer, and when such casuistry is detected, the non-aggressive course of the malignant process is observed.Rare revealing of malignant nodules functional autonomy can be attributed to several fundamental bases of non-medullary thyroid carcinoma pathogenesis. According to one of the hypotheses of carcinogenesis, dedifferentiation of thyrocytes occurs initially with the loss of the possibility of the sodium-iodine symporter synthesis, and later of the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor synthesis by the cell, which reduces the hormone production by tumor cells. In addition, hyperthyroidism has a protective feature. It reduces the level of thyroid-stimulating hormone (which causes hypertrophy, hyperplasia of thyrocytes and has an antiapoptotic effect). This protective function is used in practice for suppressive therapy in the postoperative period, which reduces the progression, recurrence and mortality from thyroid cancer. The above circumstances prove the rareness of the clinical observation described below, which deserves additional attention and subsequent discussion.
MUSIC THERAPY FOR PEOPLE IN A DISABILITY SITUATION: METHODOLOGY AND PROCESS
Authors: Latakienė Jurgita , Baranauskienė Ingrida
Published: February 2020

The research was constructed on the ground of the ideas of postpositivism, when the research data based on personal experience is of not lesser importance than “clinical” evidence. Our research aimed at answering the following questions: At what extent is music theory useful to people with mental disability? At what extent are the authorial methods of application of music theory designed by the investigators useful? At what extent are the participants able to express their feelings and evaluate the process of music therapy? The initial research results suggest that the authorial methods based on the ecological systems theory are effective and useful to the practice of social work in the Occupational Day Centre while providing services to individuals with mental disabilities. The obtained research data allows stating that the way chosen by the investigators to assess effectiveness of music therapy (filling in small books and conversations while filling them in) enables participants reveal their condition, feelings as well as evaluate the process of music therapy.
THE INTERACTION OF ARENICIN-1 WITH C3B COMPLEMENT PROTEIN
Authors: Umnyakova E S , Krenev I A , Legkovoy S V , Sokolov A V , Rogacheva O N , Ovchinnikova T V , Kokryakov V N , Berlov M N
Published: February 2020

The complement system and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are known to be vital humoral factors of innate immunity. Earlier we showed the double-sided influence of arenicin-1 (Ar-1), the AMP from a sea polychaeta Arenicola marina, on the complement activation. In this work we studied the binding of Ar-1 to C3b protein, the fragment of the central complement component C3, using surface plasmon resonance. We also performed molecular docking and molecular dynamics of interaction between C3b fragment - C3c - and Ar-1. All these data showed that the influence of Ar-1 on complement activation might be realized through the interaction with C3b, the most important component for complement activation. Ar-1 may be used for the design of new complement regulators for treating complement-related diseases.
INTERACTION OF IMMUNE AND NERVOUS SYSTEMS WHEN USING PCL SCAFFOLDES IN MAXILOFACIAL SURGERY
Authors: Kosyakova G P , Muslimov A A , Lysenko A I
Published: February 2020

An important parameter of scaffold matrices is biocompatibility. Biocompatibility assessment is carried out in several stages. At the first stage, its compatibility with in vitro cell cultures is determined. At the second in vivo stage, biocompatibility is assessed by examining histological preparations of tissue biopsies obtained from the area of implantation of scaffolds in experimental animals. Therefore, the following tasks are set: to determine the immunological compatibility of the blood cells of rabbits during the surgical introduction of scaffolds and to evaluate the nervous stress during operations. In our studies, the pcl scaffolds presented are polymeric biodegradable matrices that are polycaprolactone and polyhydroxybutyrate. Capsules consist of polypeptides and polysaccharides, the shell of which is coated with a layer of silicate nanoparticles.
Expression Profiles of Inflammation-related MicroRNAs in Mycoplasma bovis Infected Milk of Holstein-Friesian and Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı Cows
Authors: ÖZDEMİR Selçuk
Published: February 2020

Mycoplasma bovis is an important pathogen associated with several
clinical diseases in cattle, such as mastitis, arthritis, and pneumonia. TableIn
this study, we aimed to identify miRNA candidate biomarkers associated with
inflammation in Mycoplasma bovis
-infected milk samples and normal milk samples of Holstein-Friesian (HF) and
Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) cows in Turkey. The expression levels of miRNAs in
milk from mastitis-infected cows and uninfected cows were analyzed using a
qRT-PCR. The results revealed that miR-21, miR-146a, miR-155, miR-222, miR-383,
miR-200a, miR-205, miR-122, and miR-182 were upregulated in mastitis milk.
Among the miRNA candidate biomarkers, miR-21 and miR-222 were significantly
upregulated only in mastitis milk samples from HF cows, and miR-146a and
miR-383 were significantly upregulated only in mastitis milk samples from DAK
cows. These results shed light on miRNA candidate biomarkers in milk from HF
and DAK cows with subclinical mastitis. The upregulated miRNAs detected in the
present study could be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of subclinical
mastitis caused by Mycoplasma bovis.
Challenge and its opportunity to deliver education through cloud computing environment in Ethiopia
Authors: Nega Asebe Teka
Published: February 2020

These days technology plays enormous roles in making day to day human activities easier. Previously established institutions need to reconstruct their data centers to run their business in an easy and comfortable manner. information and communication technologies (ICT) used for progressive improvement in the quality of education. in most developing country education disseminate rate is low with different factors poor of infrastructure, well engaged and capable teachers, geographical locations, different education tools, laboratories and also budgeting issues are the main challenges, as government higher education can invest more budget and they can deploy different clouds for a society at least one public university in one state have responded to deploy a cloud.  they can distribute centrally different educational information’s, books, and so on, again not expected that all schools are developing their own datacenter and full fill different computing infrastructure’s which cost more instead with this scenario all schools including primary, secondary and university’s mostly fourth-generation universities since they may take a lot of time to deploy their infrastructures until they can use another’s universities cloud minimizing costs and manpower.
Remuneration as a tool for increasing Employee Performance in Nigerian
Authors: R.U Onyekwelu, , E.E Dike, , U.S Muogbo,
Published: February 2020

This research work assesses fundamentally remuneration as a device for expanding employee performance with specific reference to Bottling Companies in Nigeria. The broad aim of this research is to decide the role of remuneration in expanding workers performance. The population of the study is 200. The study adopt primary and secondary sources to gather information and copies of questionnaire were used also. The research adopted survey and descriptive research technique in analyzing data acquired from Bottling Companies in Nigeria while hypotheses was tested using Regression analysis and ANOVA. It was found that remuneration assumes a significant role in increasing workers performance in an organisation. The study therefore suggests that organisation ought to embrace the right remuneration tool that meets the craving of their workers so as to increase their output.