bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Jogos teatrais e improvisação: por uma educação filosófica na infância
Authors: Zanini Raquel Aline , Horn Geraldo Balduino
Published: December 2019

Este artigo procura mostrar, a partir de um estudo exploratório, possíveis interfaces entre filosofia e teatro. Defende a necessidade de proporcionar às crianças um espaço próprio de expressão como “lugar de fala” rompendo, assim, com a condição de infante - sem fala. A filosofia é compreendida enquanto práxis, que parte do reconhecimento dos carecimentos do sujeito (Heller, 1983). Aliando prática de jogos teatrais e improvisação com base na teoria de Viola Spolin (2010) e nas reflexões de Walter Benjamin (2009), conclui que este entrelaçamento torna possível conduzir o processo educativo de modo a garantir às crianças a realização da infância.
Discursos sobre a formação do ator no século XX: Notas sobre a formação do ator no estado do Maranhão
Authors: Braga Ana Socorro Ramos
Published: December 2019

Este artigo trata da formação do ator no século XX no Maranhão, tomando como ponto de partida as entrevistas reunidas no livro Memória do Teatro Maranhense, de Aldo Leite (2007). Utilizo a noção de discursode Michel Foucault (1997), para identificar quem fala, e o que essas falas revelam sobre a formação de atores e atrizes. Com esse objetivo, seleciono o que os entrevistados dizem sobre o ingresso no teatro, as habilidades ou tipos físicos solicitados pelos diretores, os grupos, os locais de ensaios e o período de tempo dedicado ao teatro, compondo um quadro de formação de ator. Por fim, aponto questões complementares ao que não foi revelado no recorte adotado por Aldo Leite, de modo a contribuir com a escrita da memória do teatro maranhense na perspectiva do ator e de sua formação
Experiências cênicas: fissuras criativas na escola com crianças e adolescentes
Authors: Merisio Paulo , Araujo Getulio Góis de , Silva Ligia da Cruz
Published: December 2019

Os três autores deste trabalho possuem aspectos comuns em suas trajetórias, que reverberam em seus campos de pesquisa. Docentes que possuem forte ligação com o campo da pedagogia do teatro e que articulam seus universos de pesquisa à prática cênica. Este artigo analisa duas experiências que buscam criar fissuras nas estruturas escolares por meio de experiências criativas, investindo nos desejos dos próprios artistas-estudantes – a primeira com crianças numa escola da cidade do Rio de Janeiro/RJ e a segunda com adolescentes em um Colégio de Aplicação em Uberlândia/MG.
Complex type of churches with leaning arches
Authors: Okilj Milijana
Published: December 2019

Churches with leaning arches have an important place in the architectural achievements of sacral architecture, from the early Byzantine period to the 19th century, in the larger area of the Balkans. The fact that a particular architectural type has existed for more than ten centuries shows its importance. They originated in the area where Eastern and Western influences collided, crossed and reconciled for centuries, resulting in specific architectural solutions that have been the subject of interest of researchers for a long period of time. They were singled out as a specific architectural type in the middle of the 20th century. They can generally be divided into two types; basic, simple and complex type. The basic type is evident throughout the whole Balkans, while the complex type is found in the territory of Herzegovina and Montenegro, area known as Old Herzegovina.
APPLICATION OF AMATEUR UAV IN PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Authors: Vujasinović Miroslav , Nedić Jelena , Antunović Biljana , Regodić Miodrag
Published: December 2019

With the advancement of technology in the last ten years and the cheaper development of microchips, new technologies are available for everyone. In addition to high-performance computers, relatively low-cost drones have been developed. This paper presents the possibility of using unmanned aerial vehicles in geodesy as well as flight planning, flight execution, processing of collected data, describes the basic components of the quadcopter, data collection procedure, processing methods as well as accuracy of the obtained results.
Lähme linna kirjutama! Kirjanduslikest linnauuringutest Eestis / Let’s Go to Town and Write! On Literary Urban Studies in Estonia
Authors: Soovik Ene-Reet , Talivee Elle-Mari
Published: December 2019

.
Automatic Continuous Online Monitoring and Control of Polymerization Reactions and Related Methods
Authors: Reed Wayne F.
Published: December 2019

Automatic continuous online monitoring and control of polymerization (ACOMP) is a widely applicable platform for monitoring and controlling polymerization reactions. It relies on the continuous extraction, dilution, and conditioning of a small sample stream from the reactor on which measurements by various combinations of detectors are made. By combining simultaneous data from multiple detectors continuous monitoring of salient reaction characteristics can be made, such as kinetics, conversion of comonomers, composition drift, evolution of molecular mass and intrinsic viscosity, and detection of unusual phenomena, such as microgelation and runaway reactions. A growing area for ACOMP is its integration into predictive and closed‐loop reaction control with intriguing possibilities for enhancement by machine learning and artificial intelligence. Typical detectors include light scattering (LS), ultraviolet (UV)/visible spectrophotometry, viscometry, refractivity, and polarimetry, while NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), Mie scattering, conductivity, and near infrared (IR) and Fourier‐transform infrared (FTIR) are also used. Recent additions to ACOMP include the ability to use multiple similar sensors to detect the onset and evolution of polymer stimuli responsive behavior during synthesis; for example copolymer compositions at which a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) occurs. ACOMP has been applied to free radical, controlled free radical, and condensation reactions, to micellar, emulsion, and inverse emulsion polymerization, to post‐polymerization and derivatization reactions, and to batch, semi‐batch, and continuous reactors. While ACOMP is not inherently a chromatographic method, its continuous stream can be used in automatic conjunction with gel permeation and other separation chromatographies. Recently, ACOMP has been deployed in full‐scale industrial polymerization reactors to optimize efficiency and product quality.
Ricin Analysis
Authors: Kalb Suzanne R. , Barr John R.
Published: December 2019

Ricin is a protein toxin produced by the castor bean plant,Ricinus communis. In vivo, the 64‐kDa ricin protein halts protein synthesis by depurinating 28S ribosomal RNA, rendering it unable to bind to elongation factor 2 (EF‐2). This halt in protein synthesis causes detrimental health effects and can lead to death upon exposure to ricin. Ricin is highly toxic and has the potential for high availability; therefore, it is considered a likely agent for bioterrorism. Hence, sensitive and selective analytical methods are desired to analyze for ricin in food, environmental, and clinical samples. This article reviews various published methods to detect ricin. These methods are numerous but can be loosely grouped into animal assays, detection of ricin DNA, immunoassays, mass‐spectrometry‐based amino acid composition methods, and detection of ricin enzymatic activity. These various methods have different purposes. Some methods function as rapid screens with moderate false positive and false negative rates, whereas others serve as confirmatory assays. In this article, the methods are explained and compared, with discussion on the sensitivity and selectivity of the methods.
Electroanalytical Methods Based on Hybrid Nanomaterials
Authors: Yáñez‐Sedeño Paloma , Villalonga Reynaldo , Pingarrón José M.
Published: December 2019

Hybrid nanomaterials, defined as intentional combination of at least one nanomaterial with one or more materials, at an atomic or nanometer‐level of mixture, complementing each other to have new or improved functions and properties which component materials do not possess, provide new possibilities for electroanalytical methods The relevant functional properties of nanomaterials can be tuned, in an unimaginable fashion, by rational combination with other materials. This fact opens an exciting door for sensor and biosensor technology, which is well supported by the advances in other areas such as surface science, organic and inorganic synthesis, polymer and biomolecular chemistry, and nanotechnology. This article provides a general sight state‐of‐the‐art on the use of nanosized hybrid materials as transduction, amplification, and labeling elements for the development of original electroanalytical methods, exemplifying with some of the most relevant research published in the last 5 years. The article is divided into two main sections: (i) electrochemical sensors based on hybrid nanomaterials of inorganic–organic, inorganic–inorganic, and organic–organic composition; (ii) electrochemical enzyme and affinity biosensors making use of hybrid nanostructures.
Supramolecular Solvents in the Analytical Process
Authors: García Encarnación Romera , Gómez Ana María Ballesteros
Published: December 2019

Supramolecular solvents (SUPRASs) have been long recognized as outstanding extractants in analytical processes. In addition to their remarkable properties for solubilization of a number of polar and apolar compounds using minute volumes of solvent, they can be tailored at will and produced spontaneously at reduced cost. Although not enough effort has been devoted to the synthesis of new solvents and elucidation of their structure, important progress has been performed in the past decade to the development of new formats and the coupling to different detection systems. This article gives an overview of the state of art of how solvents are produced, their capability for extraction and concentration, the formats used, the strategies developed to make SUPRASs compatible with a number of detection systems, and major applications reported on the extraction of metals and organic compounds in the biological, environmental, and agrifood areas.
D
esulfofaba
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: December 2019

De.sul.fo.fa'ba. L. prefix
de
, off; L. neut. n.
sulfur
, sulfur; N.L. pref.
desulfo
‐, desulfuricating (prefix used to characterize a dissimilatory sulfate‐reducing prokaryote); L. fem. n.
faba
, a bean; N.L. fem. n.
Desulfofaba
, a sulfate‐reducing bean.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfobacteria / Desulfobacterales / Desulfofabaceae / Desulfofaba

Rods or curved rods, 2.0–3.1 × 3.0–6.2 µm. Occur singly or in pairs. Spore formation is not observed. Stain Gram‐negative. Motility might occur depending on the species. Strictly anaerobic, having a respiratory and sometimes a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using formate (one species), propionate, butyrate (one species), alcohols, lactate (one species), pyruvate, fumarate, succinate, malate (one species), alanine, and glycine (one species). Electron donors are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Alcohols are oxidized to their corresponding acids.
Desulfofaba hansenii
can grow chemolithoheterotrophically on H
2
+ CO
2
in the presence of acetate. For growth on formate, acetate is required as well. Sulfate and sulfite serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Fermentative growth might occur. Psychrophilic or moderately psychrophilic, optimal growth temperature 7–20°C. Media containing a reductant are necessary for growth. Vitamins or yeast extract are not required. The genus
Desulfofaba
contains two described species.
Desulfofaba
species occur in anoxic sediments of brackish or marine habitats.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 52.5–53.4 (LC).

Type species
:
Desulfofaba gelida
Knoblauch, Sahm and Jørgensen 1999, 1641
VP
.
D
esulfovibrio
Authors: Galushko Alexander , Kuever Jan
Published: December 2019

De.sul.fo.vi'bri.o. L. pref.
de
from; L. neut. n.
sulfur
sulfur; L. v.
vibrio
to vibrate; N.L. masc. n.
Vibrio
that which vibrates, a generic name; N.L. masc. n.
Desulfovibrio
a vibrio that reduces sulfur compounds.

Desulfobacterota / Desulfovibrionia / Desulfovibrionales / Desulfovibrionaceae / Desulfovibrio

Curved or occasionally straight rods, sometimes sigmoid or spirilloid, 0.4–1.3 × 0.8–5.0 µm. The morphology is influenced by age and environment; descriptions refer to freshly grown cultures in anoxic sulfate media. Spore formation is absent. Stain Gram‐negative. Motile by means of a single polar flagellum or immotile (one species). Obligately anaerobic growth in pure cultures. Strictly anaerobic, having both a respiratory and a fermentative type of metabolism. Chemoorganoheterotrophs, using lactate, pyruvate, some species fumarate, succinate, and malate as electron donors and carbon sources; organic compounds are incompletely oxidized to acetate. Alcohols are oxidized to their corresponding acids. H
2
can be used as an electron donor in the presence of acetate as organic carbon source (chemolithoheterotrophic growth). Formate can be used in the presence of acetate. Sulfate, sulfite, and often thiosulfate serve as terminal electron acceptors and are reduced to H
2
S. Some species can reduce oxygen or metal ions, but growth has never been observed with these electron acceptors in pure cultures. Nitrate is sometimes reduced to ammonia. In the absence of an external electron acceptor, growth may occur by fermentation of pyruvate, malate, or fumarate. Molecular nitrogen is sometimes assimilated. Mesophilic; the optimum temperature range for growth is 30–38°C. Media containing a reductant are required for growth; some species need vitamins. Cells contain
c
‐type cytochromes (such as
c
3
) and usually
b
‐type cytochromes. All members of the genus
Desulfovibrio
contain desulfoviridin. Occur in anoxic parts of fresh and brackish water and marine environments; intestines of animals; manure; and feces.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 48.0–63.1 (
T
m
, LC, genome).

Type species
:
Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
(Beijerinck 1895) Kluyver and van Niel 1936, 397
AL
(
Spirillum desulfuricans
Beijerinck 1895, 113).
S
alirhabdus
Authors: Albuquerque Luciana , Tiago Igor , Verissimo António , da Costa Milton S.
Published: December 2019

Sa.li.rhab'dus. L. masc. n.
sal, salis
salt; N.L. fem. n.
rhabdus
(from Gr. fem. n.
rhabdos
), a rod, wand; N.L. fem. n.
Salirhabdus
a rod that grows in salt.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Salirhabdus

The species of the genus
Salirhabdus
form rod‐shaped cells, 0.3–0.4 µm in width and 1.5–8.6 µm in length. Terminal spores are formed within a swollen sporangium. The organisms stain Gram‐positive and are motile. The colonies are cream pigmented. The species are mesophilic and halotolerant or slightly halophilic and strictly aerobic. Cytochrome
c
oxidase and catalase are positive. The organisms are chemoorganotrophic. Yeast extract is necessary for growth in a minimal defined medium. The organisms grow on sugars, polyols, amino acids, and organic acids. The peptidoglycan contains
meso
‐diaminopimelic acid (
meso
‐Dpm) as diagnostic diamino acid and is of type Alγ. Menaquinone 7 (MK‐7) is the major respiratory quinone. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The major fatty acids are saturated branched chain. Isolates have been obtained from salterns.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 36.5–37.0 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Salirhabdus euzebyi
Albuquerque, Tiago, Rainey, Taborda, Nobre, Veríssimo and da Costa 2007, 1569
VP
.
T
hermolongibacillus
Authors: Cihan Arzu Coleri , Bilecen Kivanc , Cokmus Cumhur
Published: December 2019

Ther.mo.lon.gi.ba.cil'lus. Gr. masc. adj.
thermos
hot; L. masc. adj.
longus
long; L. dim. masc. n.
bacillus
small rod; N.L. masc. n.
Thermolongibacillus
long thermophilic rod.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Thermolongibacillus

Thermolongibacillus
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Bacilli,
order
Bacillales
, and the family
Bacillaceae
. There are two species in the genus
Thermolongibacillus
,
T. altinsuensis
and
T. kozakliensis
, isolated from sediment and soil samples in different thermal hot springs, respectively. Members of this genus are thermophilic (40–70°C), halophilic (0–5.0% NaCl), alkalophilic (pH 5.0–11.0), endospore forming, Gram‐positive, aerobic, motile, straight rods. Cell morphologies are dependent on the species and appear as single, in pairs, or in long straight or slightly curved chains. Cells become long after stationary phase of growth. Endospores are terminally located, and their shapes vary from ellipsoidal to oval. They are chemoorganotrophs, showing variations in carbon and energy metabolism, depending on the species. The dominant fatty acids are iso‐C
17:0
, C
16:0
, and iso‐C
15:0
. MK‐7 is the dominant menaquinone. Their cell wall contains low amount of
meso
‐diaminopimelate (
meso
‐DPM) and either A1γ or A1γ′‐type peptidoglycan cross‐linkages. They show <96.1% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all the other members of the family
Bacillaceae
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 43.5–44.8 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Thermolongibacillus altinsuensis
Cihan et al. 2014
VP
.
Aquibacillus
Authors: Amoozegar Mohammad Ali , Mehrshad Maliheh
Published: December 2019

A.qui.ba.cil'lus. L. fem. n.aqua, water; L. masc. n.bacillus, a rod and also a bacterial genus name (Bacillus); N.L. masc. n.Aquibacillus, a rod belonging to the familyBacillaceaeand isolated from water.

Firmicutes / Bacilli / Bacillales / Bacillaceae / Aquibacillus

The genusAquibacillusis classified within the familyBacillaceae, orderBacillales, in the classBacilli. The cells are endospore‐forming rods, motile, and stain Gram‐positive. Strictly aerobic. Moderately halophilic and mesophilic microorganism, growing in media containing 0–20% (w/v) NaCl at temperatures of 15–45°C, with optimum growth at 4–10% (w/v) NaCl and 25–37°C. Neutrophilic (optimum growth at pH 7.0). Chemoorganotrophic, a number of sugars and organic acids used as sole carbon and energy sources. Acid is produced from sugars. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. The major polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol. MK‐7 is the major respiratory quinone. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, the genusAquibacillusis related to the generaSediminibacillus,Virgibacillus, andOrnithinibacillusin the familyBacillaceae. Currently, the genus includes four species;Aquibacillus halophilusis the type species of the genus that was isolated from a brine sample of Aran‐Bidgol hypersaline lake in Iran.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 35.8–41.0 (HPLC).

Type species:Aquibacillus halophilusAmoozegar et al. 2014, 3621VP.
R
uthenibacterium
Authors: Shkoporov Andrey N. , Chaplin Andrei V. , Kafarskaia Lyudmila I. , Efimov Boris A.
Published: December 2019

Ru.the.ni.bac.te'ri.um. M.L. fem. n.
Ruthenia
medieval Latin name of Russia; Gr. dim. n.
bakterion
a small rod; N.L. neut. n.
Ruthenibacterium
a rod‐shaped bacterium isolated in Russia.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Ruthenibacterium

Ruthenibacterium
is a genus in the phylum
Firmicutes
, class
Clostridia
, order
Clostridiales
, and family
Ruminococcaceae
. Currently comprises a single species –
Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans
. Members of the genus are Gram‐negative staining, rod‐shaped, strictly anaerobic, and mesophilic bacteria with chemoorganoheterotrophic fermentative type of metabolism. Bacteria are commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. Cells are 1.6 ± 0.3 × 0.4 ± 0.1 µm in size, nonmotile, and non‐spore‐forming, occurring singly and in pairs. Colonies are nonhemolytic, colorless, circular, flat, and dry, with entire margins and rough surface. Strains can ferment a range of carbohydrates, producing
d
‐lactic and succinic acids. Cells are auxotrophic and require complex media for optimal growth. The main cellular fatty acids are C
18
:1
ω9, C
18
:1
ω9a, C
16
:0
, and C
16
:1
ω7‐cis.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 56.5–56.6 (draft genome sequencing).

Type species
:
Ruthenibacterium lactatiformans
Shkoporov, Chaplin, Shcherbakova, Suzina, Kafarskaia, Bozhenko and Efimov 2016, 3048
VP
.
P
seudaestuariivita
Authors: Wang Tao , Wirth Joseph S. , Whitman William B.
Published: December 2019

Pseud.aes.tu.a.ri.i.vi'ta. Gr. adj.
pseudes
false; N.L. fem. n.
Aestuariivita
a bacteria generic name; N.L. fem. n.
Pseudaestuariivita
false
Aestuariivita
.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhodobacterales / Rhodobacteraceae / Pseudaestuariivita

Gram‐negative‐staining, aerobic, catalase‐negative and oxidase‐positive rods to ovals. Optimal growth occurs at 28°C, between 3 and 5% (w/v) NaCl, and pH 7.0–8.0. Have limited ability to use various carbon sources. The major fatty acids are summed feature 8 (C
18
:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18
:1
ω6
c
), C
19
:0
cyclo ω8
c
, C
16
:0
, 11‐methyl C
18
:1
ω7
c
, and C
12
:1
3‐OH. Respiratory quinone is Q‐10. The type species was isolated from deep‐sea sediment. Member of the family
Rhodobacteraceae
. The type species is
Pseudaestuariivita atlantica
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 65.5 (genome sequence).

Type species
:
Pseudaestuariivita atlantica
(Li, Lai, Du, Liu, Sun and Shao 2015) Wirth and Whitman 2018, 2406
VP
(
Aestuariivita atlantica
Li, Lai, Du, Liu, Sun and Shao 2015, 3284).
M
angrovibacter
Authors: Rameshkumar Natarajan
Published: December 2019

Man.gro.vi.bac'ter. N.L. neut. n.
mangrovum
mangrove; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod; N.L. masc. n.
Mangrovibacter
mangrove rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Enterobacteriales / Enterobacteriaceae / Mangrovibacter

Cells are Gram‐negative rods with peritrichous flagella, facultatively anaerobic, oxidase‐negative, and catalase‐positive. Isolates are able to fix atmospheric nitrogen and they encode nitrogenase reductase gene (
nifH
). Nitrate is reduced and citrate is utilized. Urease, amylase, gelatinase, protease, and indole are not produced. The major fatty acids are C
14
:0
, C
16
:0
, summed feature 3 containing C
16
:1
ω6
c
and/or C
16
:1
ω7
c
, and feature 8 containing C
18
:1
ω6
c
and/or C
18
:1
ω7
c
. The predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). The major quinone is Q8. Member of the class
Gammaproteobacteria
, family
Enterobacteriaceae
. On the basis of the 16S rRNA phylogeny, the species of
Mangrovibacter
are most closely related to the genera
Cronobacter
and
Enterobacter
. Species of
Mangrovibacter
are reported from habitats such as mangrove‐associated wild rice, farmland soil, and roots of
Phragmites karka
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 50.1–52.0 (
T
m
).

Type species
:
Mangrovibacter plantisponsor
Rameshkumar, Lang and Nair 2010, 184
VP
.
I
ntestinimonas
Authors: Plugge Caroline M. , Bui Nam T.P.
Published: December 2019

In.tes.ti.ni.mo'nas. L. neut. n.
intestinum
, gut, intestine; L. fem. n.
monas
, a monad, unit; N.L. fem. n.
Intestinimonas
, a unit (bacterium) isolated from the intestine.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Ruminococcaceae / Intestinimonas

Gram‐positive, strictly anaerobic bacteria, chemoorganotrophic. Grow in a temperature range of 25–45°C, are straight fusiform rods.
I. butyriciproducens
forms terminal spores. Motility has not been observed. The major fermentation products in Wilkins–Chalgren anaerobe (WCA) broth are butyrate and acetate. Growth on hexose sugars is enhanced by addition of acetate. The cellular fatty acids are mostly saturated (91.9%), including C
14
:0
methyl ester (33.1%) and C
18
:0
dimethyl acetal (23.0%) as the two major fatty acids. Respiratory quinones have not been detected. Comparative analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that members of the genus
Intestinimonas
share less than 95% similarity with their closest cultured relatives
Flavonifractor plautii
and
Pseudoflavonifractor capillosus
and fall within
Clostridium
Cluster IV.

The type strain was isolated from the cecal content of a mouse; other members were isolated from the intestinal tract of humans.

DNA G + C content (mol%) of Intestinimonas butyriciproducens
: 58.4 (based on HPLC) and 59.4 (based on genome sequence).

Type species
:

Intestinimonas butyriciproducens SRB‐521
T

. Kläring, Hanske, Bui, Charrier, Blaut, Haller, et al. 2013, 4611
VP
.
Muribaculum
Authors: Hitch Thomas C.A. , Clavel Thomas
Published: December 2019

Mu.ri.ba'cu.lum. L. masc. or fem. n.mus,murisa mouse; L. neut. n.baculumrod, stick; N.L. neut. n.Muribaculumrod‐shaped bacterium from mice.

Bacteroidetes / Bacteroidia / Bacteroidales / Muribaculaceae / Muribaculum

The first and so far sole cultured species of this genus isMuribaculum intestinale(Lagkouvardos et al., 2016a). It has been identified to colonize the gastrointestinal tract of rodents, particularly mice, in which it is a member of dominant communities.Muribaculumrepresents the type genus of the familyMuribaculaceae. Belongs phylogenetically to the phylumBacteroidetes, orderBacteroidales. Isolated on brain‐heart‐infusion (BHI) medium and maintained in chopped meat media (DSMZ medium 78) supplemented with hemin and vitamin K1 under anaerobic conditions at 37°C. An incubation time of 3–7 days is needed for turbidity. The species grows as short to long rods that stain Gram‐negative and express a variety of glycoside hydrolases.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 49.8–50.1 (genome analysis).

Type species:Muribaculum intestinaleLagkouvardos et al. 2016, VL172
M
elaminivora
Authors: Nunes Olga C. , Manaia Célia M. , Vaz‐Moreira Ivone
Published: December 2019

Melaminivora
[Me.la.mi.ni.vo'ra. N.L. neut. n.
melaminum
melamine; L. v.
voro
to eat, to devour; N.L. fem. n.
Melaminivora
melamine eating].

Proteobacteria / Betaproteobacteria / Burkholderiales / Comamonadaceae / Melaminivora

Rods
2.0–3.5‐μm long and 0.5–0.9‐μm wide.
Motile
by a single unipolar flagellum.
Gram‐negative
. Nonsporulating.
Aerobe
. Nitrate is reduced to nitrite. Mesophilic, with the ability to grow between 15 and 50°C, pH 6–9.5, and at NaCl concentrations up to 7%.
Chemoorganotroph
. Catalase‐ and cytochrome
c
oxidase‐positive. The respiratory quinone is
ubiquinone 8.
The major fatty acids are summed feature 3 (C
16:1
ω7
c
/iso‐C
15:0
2‐OH), C
16:0
, and C
18:1
ω7
c
. C
10:0
3‐OH is also present. Predominant polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and diphosphatidylglycerol.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 69.5–69.6 (HPLC).

Type species
:
Melaminivora alkalimesophila
Wang et al. 2014b
VP
.
Hand Examination, Ultrasound, and the Association With Hand Pain and Function in Community‐Based Older Adults
Authors: Mattap Siti Maisarah , Laslett Laura L. , Squibb Kathryn , Wills Karen , Otahal Petr , Pan Feng , Aitken Dawn , Keen Helen , Cicuttini Flavia , Winzenberg Tania , Jones Graeme
Published: December 2019

Objective

To describe cross‐sectional associations between features observed on ultrasound (US) or clinical joint examination and hand symptoms among community‐dwelling older adults (n = 519), and to determine whether such associations are independent of age, sex, body mass index, and other imaging features.

Methods

Hand pain, function, and stiffness were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Australian/Canadian Hand Osteoarthritis (AUSCAN) index. Standardized clinical and US examinations were performed, and grip strength was assessed using a dynamometer. Data were analyzed using hurdle and linear models and adjusted for demographic factors and other features.

Results

Abnormal findings on joint examination and on US imaging are common in older adults with and without hand pain. Greater numbers of tender joints were associated with greater pain (VAS: β = 2.63 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.88, 3.39]; AUSCAN pain: β = 10.57 [95% CI 4.00, 17.13]), poorer AUSCAN function (β = 4.07 [95% CI 1.28, 6.86]), and poorer grip strength (β = –0.15 [95% CI –0.27, –0.03]). Power Doppler imaging (PDI) synovitis was associated with greater pain (VAS: β = 2.61 [95% CI 1.03, 4.19]; AUSCAN pain: β = 13.07 [95% CI 3.82, 22.32]), but not function. Joint deformity was associated with poorer function (β = 4.51 [95% CI 1.75, 7.26]) and grip strength (β = –0.23 [95% CI –0.40, –0.05]), but not pain. Gray‐scale synovitis was associated only with poorer grip strength (β = –0.22 [95% CI –0.41, –0.04]). Associations with function and grip strength were partially mediated by pain.

Conclusion

Joints that are tender on palpation or have US‐identified PDI synovitis are potential treatment targets for hand pain. Treating tender joints and preventing hand deformity is required to improve hand function in community‐dwelling older adults.
Regulating the Electronic Structure of CoP Nanosheets by O Incorporation for High‐Efficiency Electrochemical Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Zhou Guangyao , Li Meng , Li Yanle , Dong Hang , Sun Dongmei , Liu Xien , Xu Lin , Tian Ziqi , Tang Yawen
Published: December 2019

The exploration of earth‐abundant and high‐efficiency bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is of vital importance for the future of the hydrogen economy. Regulation of electronic structure through heteroatom doping represents one of the most powerful strategies to boost the electrocatalytic performance of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, a rational design of O‐incorporated CoP (denoted as O‐CoP) nanosheets, which synergistically integrate the favorable thermodynamics through modification of electronic structures with accelerated kinetics through nanostructuring, is reported. Experimental results and density functional theory simulations manifest that the appropriate O incorporation into CoP can dramatically modulate the electronic structure of CoP and alter the adsorption free energies of reaction intermediates, thus promoting the HER and OER activities. Specifically, the optimized O‐CoP nanosheets exhibit efficient bifunctional performance in alkaline electrolyte, requiring overpotentials of 98 and 310 mV to deliver a current density of 10 mA cm−2 for HER and OER, respectively. When served as bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting, a low cell voltage of 1.60 V is needed for achieving a current density of 10 mA cm−2. This proposed anion‐doping strategy will bring new inspiration to boost the electrocatalytic performance of transition metal–based electrocatalysts for energy conversion applications.
Parallel Signal Processing of a Wireless Pressure‐Sensing Platform Combined with Machine‐Learning‐Based Cognition, Inspired by the Human Somatosensory System
Authors: Lee Gun‐Hee , Park Jin‐Kwan , Byun Junyoung , Yang Jun Chang , Kwon Se Young , Kim Chobi , Jang Chorom , Sim Joo Yong , Yook Jong‐Gwan , Park Steve
Published: December 2019

Inspired by the human somatosensory system, pressure applied to multiple pressure sensors is received in parallel and combined into a representative signal pattern, which is subsequently processed using machine learning. The pressure signals are combined using a wireless system, where each sensor is assigned a specific resonant frequency on the reflection coefficient (S11) spectrum, and the applied pressure changes the magnitude of the S11 pole with minimal frequency shift. This allows the differentiation and identification of the pressure applied to each sensor. The pressure sensor consists of polypyrrole‐coated microstructured poly(dimethylsiloxane) placed on top of electrodes, operating as a capacitive sensor. The high dielectric constant of polypyrrole enables relatively high pressure‐sensing performance. The coils are vertically stacked to enable the reader to receive the signals from all of the sensors simultaneously at a single location, analogous to the junction between neighboring primary neurons to a secondary neuron. Here, the stacking order is important to minimize the interference between the coils. Furthermore, convolutional neural network (CNN)‐based machine learning is utilized to predict the applied pressure of each sensor from unforeseen S11 spectra. With increasing training, the prediction accuracy improves (with mean squared error of 0.12), analogous to humans' cognitive learning ability.
Revealing Strain Effects on the Chemical Composition of Perovskite Oxide Thin Films Surface, Bulk, and Interfaces
Authors: van den Bosch Celeste A. M. , Cavallaro Andrea , Moreno Roberto , Cibin Giannantonio , Kerherve Gwilherm , Caicedo José M. , Lippert Thomas K. , Doebeli Max , Santiso José , Skinner Stephen J. , Aguadero Ainara
Published: December 2019

Understanding the effects of lattice strain on oxygen surface and diffusion kinetics in oxides is a controversial subject that is critical for developing efficient energy storage and conversion materials. In this work, high‐quality epitaxial thin films of the model perovskite La0.5Sr0.5Mn0.5Co0.5O3−δ (LSMC), under compressive or tensile strain, are characterized with a combination of in situ and ex situ bulk and surface‐sensitive techniques. The results demonstrate a nonlinear correlation of mechanical and chemical properties as a function of the operation conditions. It is observed that the effect of strain on reducibility is dependent on the “effective strain” induced on the chemical bonds. In‐plain strain, and in particular the relative BO length bond, is the key factor controlling which of the B‐site cation can be reduced preferentially. Furthermore, the need to use a set of complimentary techniques to isolate different chemically induced strain effects is proven. With this, it is confirmed that tensile strain favors the stabilization of a more reduced lattice, accompanied by greater segregation of strontium secondary phases and a decrease of oxygen exchange kinetics on LSMC thin films.
In Situ Defect Passivation with Silica Oligomer for Enhanced Performance and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lei Hongwei , Dai Pei , Wang Xinran , Pan Zongwei , Guo Yaxiong , Shen Huan , Chen Jianjun , Xie Jing , Zhang Bing , Zhang Song , Tan Zuojun
Published: December 2019

Perovskite solar cells (PVSCs) have achieved excellent power conversion efficiency (PCE) but still suffer from instability issues. Defect passivation is an important route to simultaneously increase the efficiency and stability of PVSCs. Here, a strategy of incorporating silica oligomer in perovskite films for surface and grain boundary defect passivation is reported. Silica oligomer passivation agent (PA) is in situ formed through hydrolysis and condensation reaction of tetraethyl orthosilicate additive in perovskite precursor. The passivation mechanism is elucidated by density functional theory calculation, revealing stable chelating interaction and hydrogen bond interaction between PA and perovskite. Spectroscopic and electrical characterizations demonstrate that silica oligomer can enlarge grain sizes, prolong carrier lifetime, enhance charge carrier dynamics, and reduce trap state densities in perovskite films. Planar PVSCs with passivation achieve a highly improved PCE of 19.64% with a stabilized efficiency of 18.81%. More importantly, unencapsulated perovskite devices with passivation retain nearly 90% of original efficiency after 1000 h storage under ambient condition and sustained 87% of initial performance after high‐temperature (120 °C) thermal accelerated aging, showing highly enhanced moisture and thermal stability. Therefore, the present study provides a pathway to the future design and optimization of PVSCs with higher efficiency and greater stability.
Lead‐Free Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)TiO3 Nanoparticle Filler–Elastomeric Composite Films for Paper‐Based Flexible Power Generators
Authors: Won Sung Sik , Kawahara Masami , Ahn Chang Won , Lee Joonhee , Lee Jinkee , Jeong Chang Kyu , Kingon Angus I. , Kim Seung‐Hyun
Published: December 2019

Key solutions for material selection, processing, and performance of environmentally friendly high‐power generators are addressed. High voltage and high power generation of flexible devices using piezoelectric Bi0.5(Na0.78K0.22)TiO3 nanoparticle filler–polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) elastomeric matrix for a lead‐free piezoelectric composite film on a cellulose paper substrate is demonstrated. To elucidate the principle of power generation by the piezoelectric composite configuration, the dielectric and piezoelectric characteristics of the composite film are investigated and the results are compared with those of theoretical modeling. The paper‐based composite generator produces a large output voltage of ≈100 V and an average current of ≈20 µA (max. ≈30 µA) through tapping stimulation, which is a record‐high performance compared to previously reported flexible lead‐free piezoelectric composite energy harvesters. Moreover, a triboelectric‐hybridized piezoelectric composite device using a micro‐patterned PDMS shows a much higher output voltage of ≈250 V and output power of ≈0.5 mW, which drives 300 light‐emitting diodes. These results prove that a new class of paper‐based and lead‐free energy harvesting device provides a strong possibility for enlarging the functionality and the capability of high‐power scavengers in flexible and wearable electronics such as sensors and medical devices.
Nonvolatile Electric Control of the Anomalous Hall Effect in an Ultrathin Magnetic Metal
Authors: Feng Zexin , Yan Han , Wang Xiaoning , Guo Huixin , Qin Peixin , Zhou Xiaorong , Chen Zuhuang , Wang Hui , Jiao Zhengying , Leng Zhaoguogang , Hu Zexiang , Zhang Xin , Wu Haojiang , Chen Hongyu , Wang Jingmin , Zhang Tianli , Jiang Chengbao , Liu Zhiqi
Published: December 2019

Low‐dimensional magnetism has been boosted by the recent discovery of the ferromagnetism in layered two‐dimensional (2D) semiconductors. Although the macroscopic magnetic moments of 2D ferromagnets are weak, the anomalous Hall effect (AHE) can serve as a versatile electric probe to their magnetic properties. Here, the nonvolatile electric‐field manipulation of the AHE in an ultrathin metallic ferromagnet with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy at room temperature is reported, which is achieved by the electrostatic modulation of the longitudinal resistivity via a ferroelectric substrate without varying magnetization. Therefore, this work demonstrates an electric‐field‐controlled room‐temperature memory device based on the zero‐magnetic‐field anomalous Hall resistance of an ultrathin ferromagnet. More importantly, the experimental results disentangle magnetization and anomalous Hall resistance. As a result, the study reveals a linear decrease of anomalous Hall conductivity with normal conductivity, which is distinct from previous scaling relations. Accordingly, this work manifests a universe avenue to harnessing the AHE in low‐dimensional magnetic materials.
Controlled Atomic Solubility in Mn‐Rich Composite Material to Achieve Superior Electrochemical Performance for Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Lee Junghwa , Zhang Qinghua , Kim Jieun , Dupre Nicolas , Avdeev Maxim , Jeong Mihee , Yoon Won‐Sub , Gu Lin , Kang Byoungwoo
Published: December 2019

The quest for high energy density and high power density electrode materials for lithium‐ion batteries has been intensified to meet strongly growing demand for powering electric vehicles. Conventional layered oxides such as Co‐rich LiCoO2 and Ni‐rich Li(NixMnyCoz)O2 that rely on only transition metal redox reaction have been faced with growing constraints due to soaring price on cobalt. Therefore, Mn‐rich electrode materials excluding cobalt would be desirable with respect to available resources and low cost. Here, the strategy of achieving both high energy density and high power density in Mn‐rich electrode materials by controlling the solubility of atoms between phases in a composite is reported. The resulting Mn‐rich material that is composed of defective spinel phase and partially cation‐disordered layered phase can achieve the highest energy density, ≈1100 W h kg−1 with superior power capability up to 10C rate (3 A g−1) among other reported Mn‐rich materials. This approach provides new opportunities to design Mn‐rich electrode materials that can achieve high energy density and high power density for Li‐ion batteries.
Characterization of liquid–liquid mass transfer performance in a novel pore‐array intensified tube‐in‐tube microchannel
Authors: Li Wenpeng , Xia Fengshun , Zhao Shuchun , Zhang Minqing , Li Wei , Zhang Jinli
Published: December 2019

Liquid–liquid mass transfer performance of a novel pore‐array intensified tube‐in‐tube microchannel (PA‐TMC) was investigated with the water‐benzoic acid‐kerosene system. Both mass transfer efficiency (E) and volumetric mass transfer coefficient (K
La) are found to increase simultaneously with the flow rate, but decrease with total number of pores and rows. However, E increases but K
La decreases with the annular length. In particular, the pore size shows an optimal value at 0.3 mm due to the interplay problem of the radial adjacent pores. Computational fluid dynamics simulations reveal that the high kinetic energy generated by the pore‐array section plays a significant role in mass transfer process. The artificial neural network model is established to correlate K
La with the investigated parameters of PA‐TMC. The comparison of K
La with other types of contactors indicates that PA‐TMC has superior mass transfer performance and high throughput for a broad industrial application.
Renpenning syndrome in a female
Authors: Cho Raymond Y. , Peñaherrera Maria S. , Du Souich Christele , Huang Lijia , Mwenifumbo Jill , Nelson Tanya N. , Elliott Alison M. , Adam Shelin ,   CAUSES Study, Eydoux Patrice , Yang Gui X. , Chijiwa Chieko , Van Allen Margot I. , Friedman Jan M. , Robinson Wendy P. , Lehman Anna
Published: December 2019

Renpenning syndrome (OMIM: 309500) is a rare X‐linked disorder that causes intellectual disability, microcephaly, short stature, a variety of eye anomalies, and characteristic craniofacial features. This condition results from pathogenic variation of PQBP1, a polyglutamine‐binding protein involved in transcription and pre‐mRNA splicing. Renpenning syndrome has only been reported in affected males. Carrier females do not usually have clinical features, and in reported families with Renpenning syndrome, most female carriers exhibit favorable skewing of X‐chromosome inactivation. We describe a female with syndromic features typical of Renpenning syndrome. She was identified by exome sequencing to have a de novo heterozygous c.459_462delAGAG mutation in PQBP1 (Xp11.23), affecting the AG hexamer in exon 4, which is the most common causative mutation in this syndrome. Streaky hypopigmentation of the skin was observed, supporting a hypothesized presence of an actively expressed, PQBP1 mutation‐bearing X‐chromosome in some cells. X‐inactivation studies on peripheral blood cells demonstrated complete skewing in both the proband and her mother with preferential inactivation of the maternal X chromosome in the child. We demonstrated expression of the PQBP1 mutant transcript in leukocytes of the affected girl. Therefore, it is highly likely that the PQBP1 mutation arose from the paternal X chromosome.
Utilization of the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hEDS by the Toronto GoodHope Ehlers–Danlos syndrome clinic: A retrospective review
Authors: McGillis Laura , Mittal Nimish , Santa Mina Daniel , So Joyce , Soowamber Medha , Weinrib Aliza , Soever Leslie , Rozenberg Dmitry , Liu Louis , Tse Yvonne , Katz Joel , Charames George S , Murphy Kieran , Vadas Peter , Slepian Maxwell P , Walsh Scott , Wilson Lindsay , Adler Arnon , Franzese Alyssa , Hussey Laura , Nevay Dayna‐Lynn , Guzman Juan , Clarke Hance
Published: December 2019

The new 2017 diagnostic criteria for hypermobile Ehlers–Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) provide a framework for diagnosing hEDS but are more stringent than the previous Villefranche criteria. Our clinical experience at the GoodHope EDS clinic was that the 2017 criteria left many highly symptomatic patients without a diagnosis of hEDS. We conducted a retrospective cohort study to confirm our clinic experience and assess the accuracy of the 2017 diagnostic criteria for hEDS in patients who had a previous hEDS diagnosis based on the Villefranche criteria. Our study found that 15% (n = 20 of 131) of patients with a prior diagnosis of hEDS met the 2017 diagnostic criteria, and many of the traits used to distinguish hEDS were not significantly more frequent in patients who met 2017 criteria versus those who did not. In both groups objective systemic manifestations were found less frequently than subjective systemic manifestations. Beighton score (BS) as assessed by primary care practitioner was found to be higher than assessment by EDS practitioner in 81% (n = 74 of 91) of cases. Generalized joint hypermobility was confirmed in only 46% (n = 51 of 111) of patients who had a previous diagnosis of hEDS. Higher BS did not correlate with increased number of systemic manifestations in our cohort. Common comorbidities of hEDS were found with similar frequency in those who met 2017 criteria and those who did not. Based on our cohort, the 2017 hEDS diagnostic criteria require refinement to improve its diagnostic accuracy.
Strategien zur Steigerung der Leistung von PEDOT:PSS/Si‐Hybrid‐Solarzellen
Authors: Sun Zhe , He Ya , Xiong Banglun , Chen Shanshan , Li Meng , Zhou Yongli , Zheng Yujie , Sun Kuan , Yang Changduk
Published: December 2019

Vor dem Hintergrund aktueller Energieprobleme haben Solarzellen weltweit eine große Aufmerksamkeit erfahren. Die Entwicklung der Solarstromerzeugung wird von den hohen Kosten herkömmlicher Solarzellen auf der Basis von kristallinem Silicium gebremst. Aus diesem Grund steigt das Interesse an Hybrid‐Solarzellen (HSCs) auf der Basis von organischen Materialien sowie Si. Diese kombinieren die Vorteile einer vorhandenen ausgereiften Technologie und eines hohen Wirkungsgrades mit Vorteilen organischer Solarzellen wie die Herstellung bei niedriger Temperatur und abstimmbare optoelektronische Eigenschaften. Die verwendeten organischen Materialien sind P3HT, Kohlenstoff‐Nanoröhren, Graphen und PEDOT:PSS. Dieser Aufsatz beschäftigt sich mit der Leistung von PEDOT:PSS/Si‐HSCs sowie mit den Methoden zur Steigerung ihres Wirkungsgrades, d. h. mit der PEDOT:PSS‐Modifizierung, der Optimierung des Lichtfalleneffekts, der Passivierung der Si‐Oberfläche, dem Einbau einer Grenzflächenschicht, der Verbesserung des Rückkontakts und mit der Optimierung der metallischen Deckelektrode. Der vorliegende Artikel betrifft einen Themenbereich, der in einschlägigen Publikationen bisher wenig Berücksichtigung fand, und soll Perspektiven für die künftige Entwicklung von PEDOT:PSS/Si‐HSCs aufzeigen.
Mirror‐Image 5S Ribonucleoprotein Complexes
Authors: Ling Jun‐Jie , Fan Chuyao , Qin Hong , Wang Min , Chen Ji , Wittung‐Stafshede Pernilla , Zhu Ting F.
Published: December 2019

After realizing mirror‐image genetic replication, transcription, and reverse transcription, the biggest challenge in establishing a mirror‐image version of the central dogma is to build a mirror‐image ribosome‐based translation machine. Here, we chemically synthesized the natural and mirror‐image versions of three ribosomal proteins (L5, L18, and L25) in the large subunit of the Escherichia coli ribosome with post‐translational modifications. We show that the synthetic mirror‐image proteins can fold in vitro despite limited efficiency and assemble with enzymatically transcribed mirror‐image 5S ribosomal RNA into ribonucleoprotein complexes. In addition, the RNA–protein interactions are chiral‐specific in that the mirror‐image ribosomal proteins do not bind with natural 5S ribosomal RNA and vice versa. The synthesis and assembly of mirror‐image 5S ribonucleoprotein complexes are important steps towards building a functional mirror‐image ribosome.
Tetraiododiborane(4) (B2I4) is a Polymer Based on sp3 Boron in the Solid State
Authors: Muessig Jonas H. , Lisinetskaya Polina , Dewhurst Rian D. , Bertermann Rüdiger , Thaler Melanie , Mitrić Roland , Braunschweig Holger
Published: December 2019

Herein we present the first solid‐state structures of tetraiododiborane(4) (B2I4), which was long believed to exist in all phases as discrete molecules with planar, tricoordinate boron atoms, like the lighter tetrahalodiboranes(4) B2F4, B2Cl4, and B2Br4. Single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, solid‐state NMR, and IR measurements indicate that B2I4 in fact exists as two different polymeric forms in the solid state, both of which feature boron atoms in tetrahedral environments. DFT calculations are used to simulate the IR spectra of the solution and solid‐state structures, and these are compared with the experimental spectra.