bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cycle Generative Adversarial Network Based on Gradient Normalization for Infrared Image Generation
Authors: Yi Xing , Pan Hao , Zhao Huaici , Liu Pengfei , Zhang Canyu , Wang Junpeng , Wang Hao
Published: January 2023

Image generation technology is currently one of the popular directions in computer vision research, especially regarding infrared imaging, bearing critical applications in the military field. Existing algorithms for generating infrared images from visible images are usually weak in perceiving the salient regions of images and cannot effectively highlight the ability to generate texture details in infrared images, resulting in less texture details and poorer generated image quality. In this study, a cycle generative adversarial network method based on gradient normalization was proposed to address the current problems of poor infrared image generation, lack of texture detail and unstable models. First, to address the problem of limited feature extraction capability of the UNet generator network that makes the generated IR images blurred and of low quality, the use of the residual network with better feature extraction capability in the generator was employed to make the generated infrared images highly defined. Secondly, in order to solve issues concerning severe lack of detailed information in the generated infrared images, channel attention and spatial attention mechanisms were introduced into the ResNet with the attention mechanism used to weight the generated infrared image features in order to enhance feature perception of the prominent regions of the image, helping to generate image details. Finally, to tackle the problem where the current training models of adversarial generator networks are insufficiently stable, which leads to easy collapse of the model, a gradient normalization module was introduced in the discriminator network to stabilize the model and render it less prone to collapse during the training process. The experimental results on several datasets showed that the proposed method obtained satisfactory data in terms of objective evaluation metrics. Compared with the cycle generative adversarial network method, the proposed method in this work exhibited significant improvement in data validity on multiple datasets.
ODIN112–AI-Assisted Emergency Services in Romania
Authors: Ungureanu Dan , Toma Stefan-Adrian , Filip Ion-Dorinel , Mocanu Bogdan-Costel , Aciobăniței Iulian , Marghescu Bogdan , Balan Titus , Dascalu Mihai , Bica Ion , Pop Florin
Published: January 2023

The evolution of Natural Language Processing technologies transformed them into viable choices for various accessibility features and for facilitating interactions between humans and computers. A subset of them consists of speech processing systems, such as Automatic Speech Recognition, which became more accurate and more popular as a result. In this article, we introduce an architecture built around various speech processing systems to enhance Romanian emergency services. Our system is designed to help the operator evaluate various situations with the end goal of reducing the response times of emergency services. We also release the largest high-quality speech dataset of more than 150 h for Romanian. Our architecture includes an Automatic Speech Recognition model to transcribe calls automatically and augment the operator’s notes, as well as a Speech Recognition model to classify the caller’s emotions. We achieve state-of-the-art results on both tasks, while our demonstrator is designed to be integrated with the Romanian emergency system.
Mass Absorption Efficiency of PM1 in Mexico City during ACU15
Authors: Prieto Cristina , Alvarez-Ospina Harry , Salcedo Dara , Castro Telma , Peralta Oscar
Published: January 2023

From January to March 2015, an atmospheric aerosol measurement campaign, “Aerosoles en Ciudad Universitaria 2015” (ACU15), was carried out in Mexico City to determine the particles’ optical properties and chemical composition. Two photoacoustic spectrometers measured the scattering and absorption coefficient at two different wavelengths. The average absorption coefficient at 532 nm was 12.71 ± 9.48 Mm−1 and at 870 nm was 10.35 ± 7.36 Mm−1. The average scattering coefficient was 65.63 ± 47.12 Mm−1 (532 nm) and 21.12 ± 14.24 Mm−1 (870 nm). The chemical composition was determined via an aerosol chemical speciation monitor. The organic aerosol fraction represented 53% of the total PM1 and was made up of 63% low volatile (4.64 µg m−3), 22% hydrogenated (1.90 µg m−3), and 15% semi-volatile organics (1.54 µg m−3). The correlation coefficient of chemical species (NO3−, NH4+, SO42−, low-volatile, and semi-volatile organics) and optical properties was 0.92. The multilinear regression showed a good agreement among chemical species and optical properties (r > 0.7). The mass absorption coefficient calculated for the measuring site at 870 nm was MAE870 = 5.8 m2 g−1, instead of the default 4.74 m2 g−1. Furthermore, based on the median AAE, the 532 nm MAE532 resulting from the multiple linear regression (MLR) showed the following coefficients: 7.70 m2 g−1 (eBC), 0.22 m2 g−1 (HOA), and 0.16 m2 g−1 (LV–OOA). The coefficients of MLR were: 7.08 m2 g−1 (eBC), 5.83 m2 g−1 (NO3−), 5.69 m2 g−1 (low volatile organic aerosol), 2.78 m2 g−1 (SO42−), 2.40 m2 g−1 (hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol), and 1.04 m2 g−1 (semi volatile organic aerosol).
Certain q-Analogue of Fractional Integrals and Derivatives Involving Basic Analogue of the Several Variable Aleph-Function
Authors: Kumar Dinesh , Ayant Frédéric , Südland Norbert , Choi Junesang
Published: January 2023

Using Mellin-Barnes contour integrals, we aim at suggesting a q-analogue (q-extension) of the several variable Aleph-function. Then we present Riemann Liouville fractional q-integral and q-differential formulae for the q-extended several variable Aleph-function. Using the q-analogue of the Leibniz rule for the fractional q-derivative of a product of two basic functions, we also provide a formula for the q-extended several variable Aleph-function, which is expressed in terms of an infinite series of the q-extended several variable Aleph-function. Since the three main formulas presented in this article are so general, they can be reduced to yield a number of identities involving q-extended simpler special functions. In this connection, we choose only one main formula to offer some of its particular instances involving diverse q-extended special functions, for example, the q-extended I-function, the q-extended H-function, and the q-extended Meijer’s G-function. The results presented here are hoped and believed to find some applications, in particular, in quantum mechanics.
Simple Isothermal and Label-Free Strategy for Colorectal Cancer Potential Biomarker miR-625-5p Detection
Authors: Chen Yifei , Ye Lizhen , Chen Hui , Fan Tingting , Qiu Cheng , Chen Yan , Jiang Yuyang
Published: January 2023

miRNA is considered a novel biomarker for cancer diagnosis and due to its low level in vivo, the development of new detection methods for it has become a research hotspot in recent years. Here, we firstly found that miR-625-5p was significantly upregulated in colorectal cancer tissues by means of differential expression analysis of the dbDEMC database and clinical validation. Subsequently, it was found that miR-625-5p promoted cell proliferation and migration but inhibited apoptosis through phenotypic experiments; thus, we initially identified miR-625-5p as a potential biomarker for colorectal cancer. Moreover, in order to monitor slight changes in the miR-625-5p level, we developed a novel detection method for it based on strand displacement amplification (SDA). In this system, a hairpin was designed to recognize and pair with miR-625-5p, which was used as a primer to initiate SDA, and a large number of complementary DNAs were generated via cyclic amplification, followed by the addition of SYBR Gold to achieve quantitative analysis of miR-625-5p. Moreover, this method showed a good response to miR-625-5p with a detection limit of 8.6 pM and a dynamic range of 0.01 to 200 nM, and the specificity of it was verified using a set of other miRNAs as an interference. Finally, we set up different concentrations of biologic samples for detection to verify the practicability of the method. The results of this study indicate that this detection method has great potential in clinical diagnosis.
Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) Sensors for Hip Implant: A Numerical and Computational Feasibility Investigation Using Finite Element Methods
Authors: Hafizh Muhammad , Soliman Md , Qiblawey Yazan , Chowdhury Muhammad , Islam Mohammad , Musharavati Farayi , Mahmud Sakib , Khandakar Amith , Nabil Mohammad , Nezhad Erfan
Published: January 2023

In this paper, a surface acoustic wave (SAW) sensor for hip implant geometry was proposed for the application of total hip replacement. A two-port SAW device was numerically investigated for implementation with an operating frequency of 872 MHz that can be used in more common radio frequency interrogator units. A finite element analysis of the device was developed for a lithium niobate (LiNBO3) substrate with a Rayleigh velocity of 3488 m/s on COMSOL Multiphysics. The Multiphysics loading and frequency results highlighted a good uniformity with numerical results. Afterwards, a hip implant geometry was developed. The SAW sensor was mounted at two locations on the implant corresponding to two regions along the shaft of the femur bone. Three discrete conditions were studied for the feasibility of the implant with upper- and lower-body loading. The loading simulations highlighted that the stresses experienced do not exceed the yield strengths. The voltage output results indicated that the SAW sensor can be implanted in the hip implant for hip implant-loosening detection applications.
Graphene-Based Electrochemical Biosensors for Breast Cancer Detection
Authors: Mohammadpour-Haratbar Ali , Boraei Seyyed Behnam Abdollahi , Zare Yasser , Rhee Kyong Yop , Park Soo-Jin
Published: January 2023

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women, which is also the second most public cancer worldwide. When detected early, BC can be treated more easily and prevented from spreading beyond the breast. In recent years, various BC biosensor strategies have been studied, including optical, electrical, electrochemical, and mechanical biosensors. In particular, the high sensitivity and short detection time of electrochemical biosensors make them suitable for the recognition of BC biomarkers. Moreover, the sensitivity of the electrochemical biosensor can be increased by incorporating nanomaterials. In this respect, the outstanding mechanical and electrical performances of graphene have led to an increasingly intense study of graphene-based materials for BC electrochemical biosensors. Hence, the present review examines the latest advances in graphene-based electrochemical biosensors for BC biosensing. For each biosensor, the detection limit (LOD), linear range (LR), and diagnosis technique are analyzed. This is followed by a discussion of the prospects and current challenges, along with potential strategies for enhancing the performance of electrochemical biosensors.
Effects of Pseudomonas sp. OBA 2.4.1 on Growth and Tolerance to Cadmium Stress in Pisum sativum L.
Authors: Khakimova Liliya , Chubukova Olga , Vershinina Zilya , Maslennikova Dilara
Published: January 2023

Cadmium stress is a barrier to crop production, yield, quality, and sustainable agriculture. In the current study, we investigated the characteristics of bacterial strain Pseudomonas sp. OBA 2.4.1 under cadmium (CdCl2) stress and its influence on Cd stresses in pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedlings. It was revealed that strain OBA 2.4.1 is tolerant of up to 2 mM CdCl2, and seed treatment with the bacterium enhanced pea plant growth (length of seedlings) under 0.5 mM cadmium stress. This bacterial strain showed plant growth-promoting properties, including biofilm formation and siderophore activity. An important advantage of the studied strain OBA 2.4.1 is its ability to colonize the plant roots. Moreover, the inoculation with strain OBA 2.4.1 significantly reduced oxidative stress markers in pea seedlings under cadmium stress. These findings suggest that cadmium stress-tolerant strain OBA 2.4.1 could enhance pea plant growth by mitigating stress-caused damage, possibly providing a baseline and eco-friendly approach to address heavy metal stress for sustainable agriculture.
The Creative Drummer: An EEG-Based Pilot Study on the Correlates of Emotions and Creative Drum Playing
Authors: Ramirez-Melendez Rafael , Reija Xavier
Published: January 2023

It is reasonable to assume that emotional processes are involved in creative tasks and the generation of creative ideas. In this pilot study, we investigate the emotional correlates in professional drummers during different degrees of creative music playing. Ten participants performed three tasks: repetitive rhythmic drum playing, pattern-based improvisation, and attention-intensive free improvisation, while their EEG activity was recorded. Arousal and valence levels were estimated from the EEG data at baseline and for the three tasks. Results show significantly increased levels of valence (i.e., increased prefrontal right alpha power compared to prefrontal left alpha power) during pattern-based and free improvisation relative to baseline, and significantly increased levels of valence during free improvisation relative to pattern-based improvisation. These results seem to indicate that positive emotion (characterized as increased valence) is associated with the creation of original ideas in drum playing and that the freer the creative process, the greater the positive effect. The implication of these results may be of particular relevance in the fields of music-based therapeutic interventions and music pedagogy.
The Characteristics of Cognitive Proficiency in Patients with Acute Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disease and its Correlation with Serum Aquaporin-4 Antibody Titer
Authors: Miao Yan , Zhong Xiaoling , Jia Shuangshuang , Bian Yang , Han Jinming , Qiu Feng
Published: January 2023

Objective: To explore the characteristics and dynamic evolution of cognitive impairment in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Methods: Twenty-five patients with acute NMOSD and 30 age-matched healthy individuals were consecutively recruited in this study. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), Chinese Version of Rey Auditory Vocabulary Learning Test (CRAVLT), Verbal Fluency Test (VFT), Digital Span Test (DST), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task 3/2s version (PASAT-3/2), Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (ROCF) and Stroop Color and Word Test (CWT) were used to evaluate cognitive function. The correlations between cognitive function and serum aquaporin-4 (AQP-4) antibody titer were analyzed. Results: Sixty-four percent of patients with acute NMOSD had cognitive dysfunction. MoCA (p < 0.001), CRAVLT-N7 (p = 0.004), CRAVLT-N8 (p = 0.011), ROCF-C (p = 0.005), ROCF-R (p < 0.001), PASAT-3 (p = 0.013), PASAT-2 (p = 0.001) and CWT-A (p = 0.017) were significantly worse in patients with acute NMOSD than those in control group. During follow-up visits, significant differences of serum AQP-4 antibody titers were still noted in NMOSD patients (p < 0.001), while no significant differences were found by MoCA. Conclusion: A high number of patients with acute NMOSD suffer from cognitive dysfunction. Serum AQP-4 antibody titers can decrease during disease remission, while obvious cognitive decline in these patients still exists.
Laparoscopic Function-Preserving Gastrectomy for Proximal Gastric Cancer or Esophagogastric Junction Cancer: A Narrative Review
Authors: Kano Yosuke , Ohashi Manabu , Nunobe Souya
Published: January 2023

Function-preserving procedures to maintain postoperative quality of life are an important aspect of treatment for early gastric cancer. Laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy (LPG) and laparoscopic distal gastrectomy with a small remnant stomach, namely laparoscopic subtotal gastrectomy (LsTG), are alternative function-preserving procedures for laparoscopic total gastrectomy of early proximal gastric cancer. In LPG, esophagogastrostomy with techniques to prevent reflux and double-tract and jejunal interposition including esophagojejunostomy is usually chosen for reconstruction. The double-flap technique is currently a preferred reconstruction technique in Japan as an esophagogastrostomy approach to prevent reflux esophagitis. However, standardized reconstruction methods after LPG have not yet been established. In LsTG, preservation of the esophagogastric junction and the fundus prevents reflux and malnutrition, which may maintain quality of life. However, whether LsTG is an oncologically and nutritionally acceptable procedure compared with laparoscopic total gastrectomy or LPG is a concern. In this review, we summarize the status of reconstruction in LPG and the oncological and nutritional aspects of LsTG as a function-preserving gastrectomy for early proximal gastric or esophagogastric junction cancer.
Neprilysin Inhibition in the Prevention of Anthracycline-Induced Cardiotoxicity
Authors: Sobiborowicz-Sadowska Aleksandra M. , Kamińska Katarzyna , Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska Agnieszka
Published: January 2023

Anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC) poses a clinical challenge in the management of cancer patients. AIC is characterized by myocardial systolic dysfunction and remodeling, caused by cardiomyocyte DNA damage, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, or renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) dysregulation. In the past decade, after positive results of a PARADIGM-HF trial, a new class of drugs, namely angiotensin receptor/neprilysin inhibitors (ARNi), was incorporated into the management of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. As demonstrated in a variety of preclinical studies of cardiovascular diseases, the cardioprotective effects of ARNi administration are associated with decreased oxidative stress levels, the inhibition of myocardial inflammatory response, protection against mitochondrial damage and endothelial dysfunction, and improvement in the RAAS imbalance. However, data on ARNi’s effectiveness in the prevention of AIC remains limited. Several reports of ARNi administration in animal models of AIC have shown promising results, as ARNi prevented ventricular systolic dysfunction and electrocardiographic changes and ameliorated oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and the inflammatory response associated with anthracyclines. There is currently an ongoing PRADAII trial aimed to assess the efficacy of ARNi in patients receiving breast cancer treatment, which is expected to be completed by late 2025.
Effect of Pd-Doping Concentrations on the Photocatalytic, Photoelectrochemical, and Photoantibacterial Properties of CeO2
Authors: Matussin Shaidatul Najihah , Khan Fazlurrahman , Harunsani Mohammad Hilni , Kim Young-Mog , Khan Mohammad Mansoob
Published: January 2023

Cerium oxide (CeO2) can exhibit good photocatalytic and photoantibacterial activities. However, its light-harvesting property is rather limited due to its large band gap. In order to boost these properties, doping with metal ions can improve light absorption and charge mobility. In this report, CeO2 and palladium−doped CeO2 (Pd−CeO2) NPs were synthesized via the microwave-assisted synthesis method. The structural, optical, and morphological studies of CeO2 and Pd−CeO2 NPs were carried out using various techniques. Mixed phases of CeO2/Ce2O3 were observed in pure CeO2 (S−CeO2) and Pd−CeO2. However, the Ce2O3 phase gradually disappeared upon doping with a higher percentage of Pd. Almost spherical particles were observed with average sizes between 6 and 13 nm. It was found that the incorporation of Pd reduced the particle size. Moreover, band gap energies of S−CeO2 and Pd−CeO2 NPs were reduced from 2.56 to 2.27 eV, and the PL intensities were also quenched with more Pd doping. The shifts in the conduction band and valence band were found to cause the reduction in the band gap energies of S−CeO2 and Pd−CeO2 NPs. In the case of photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue, photoelectrochemical, and photoantibacterial activities, Pd−CeO2 NPs showed enhanced activities under visible light irradiation. Therefore, Pd−CeO2 NPs have been shown to be a visible-light active material.
COVID-19 Pandemic Affects Children’s Education but Opens up a New Learning System in a Romanian Rural Area
Authors: Oprea Oana Miruna , Bujor Iuliana Elena , Cristofor Alexandra Elena , Ursache Alexandra , Sandu Bianca , Lozneanu Ludmila , Mandici Cristina Elena , Szalontay Andreea Silvana , Gaina Marcel Alexandru , Matasariu Daniela-Roxana
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the educational system in Romania faced major challenges. Online knowledge development was necessary and mandatory during this time; (2) Methods: our study included a group of 140 preadolescents and used a phenomenology qualitative method to investigate if the novel online teaching, implemented in a hurry during the pandemic without any previous teacher training, managed to replace face-to-face teaching; (3) Results: The students have expressed their joy for online courses, as long as they are kept interactive. Even though they feel nervous and worried when it comes to evaluation, the students claim they feel capable to learn all of the learning materials. Most of them are pleased by classes and do not get bored during them, feeling constantly motivated to actively participate in dialogue; (4) Discussions: Despite the lack of teaching-method standardization, our learning providers succeeded in accomplishing their tasks during online courses. Even in remote rural areas, they managed to assure the means for these children to access and take part in online courses; (5) Conclusions: our learning system must offer teachers the possibility to emphasize online education using adequate training programs aiming to develop technical and online pedagogical skills.
Lifestyle Behaviours Profile of Spanish Adolescents Who Actively Commute to School
Authors: Martín-Moraleda Evelyn , Pinilla-Quintana Iván , Romero-Blanco Cristina , Hernández-Martínez Antonio , Jiménez-Zazo Fabio , Dorado-Suárez Alberto , García-Coll Virginia , Cabanillas-Cruz Esther , Martínez-Romero Maria Teresa , Herrador-Colmenero Manuel , Queralt Ana , Castro-Lemus Nuria , Aznar Susana
Published: January 2023

The aim of this study was to study different ‘healthy profiles’ through the impact of multiple lifestyle behaviours (sleep patterns, screen time and quality diet) on active commuting to school (ACS) in adolescents. Sixteen secondary schools from four Spanish cities were randomly selected. All participants filled in an “Ad-Hoc” questionnaire to measure their mode of commuting and distance from home to school and their lifestyle behaviours. A multivariate logistic regression model was performed to analyse the main predictor variables of ACS. The final sample was 301 adolescents (50.2% girls; mean age ± SD: 14.9 ± 0.48 years). The percentage of ACS was 64.5%. Multiple logistic regressions showed: boys were more active commuters than girls [OR = 2.28 (CI 95%: 1.12–4.64); p = 0.02]; adolescents who lived farther had lower probability to ACS [OR = 0.74 (CI 95%: 0.69–0.80); p < 0.001]; adolescents who met sleep duration recommendations were more likely to ACS [OR = 3.05 (CI 95%: 1.07–8.69); p = 0.04], while with each hour of sleep, the odds of ACS was reduced [OR = 0.51 (CI 95%: 0.30–0.89); p = 0.02]; higher odds were shown to ACS in adolescents who have more adherence to MD [OR = 1.16(CI 95%: 1.00–1.33); p = 0.05]; and habitual breakfast consumption was inversely associated with ACS [OR = 0.41 (CI: 95%: 0.18–0.96); p = 0.04]. ACS was associated with being a boy, living at a shorter distance to school, a daily sleep time ≥ 8 h and presented a higher adherence to MD.
A Micromechanical Model for Damage Evolution in Thin Piezoelectric Films
Authors: Rizzoni Raffaella , Serpilli Michele , Raffa Maria , Lebon Frédéric
Published: January 2023

Thin-film piezoelectric materials are advantageous in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), due to large motion generation, high available energy and low power requirements. In this kind of application, thin piezoelectric films are subject to mechanical and electric cyclic loading, during which damage can accumulate and eventually lead to fracture. In the present study, continuum damage mechanics and asymptotic theory are adopted to model damage evolution in piezoelectric thin films. Our purpose is to develop a new interface model for thin piezoelectric films accounting for micro-cracking damage of the material. The methods used are matched asymptotic expansions, to develop an interface law, and the classic thermodynamic framework of continuum damage mechanics combined with Kachanov and Sevostianov’s theory of homogenization of micro-cracked media, to characterize the damaging behavior of the interface. The main finding of the paper is a soft imperfect interface model able to simulate the elastic and piezoelectric behavior of thin piezoelectric film in the presence of micro-cracking and damage evolution. The obtained interface model is expected to be a useful tool for damage evaluation in MEMS applications. As an example, an electromechanically active stack incorporating a damaging piezoelectric layer is studied. The numerical results indicate a non-linear evolution of the macroscopic response and a damage accumulation qualitatively consistent with experimental observations.
Study of Temperature Effects on the Design of Active Region for 808 nm High-Power Semiconductor Laser
Authors: Wu Shunhua , Li Te , Wang Zhenfu , Chen Lang , Zhang Jiachen , Zhang Junyue , Liu Jiachen , Zhang Yeqi , Deng Liting
Published: January 2023

High-power, broad-area, semiconductor lasers are attractive sources for material processing, aerospace, and laser pumping. The design of the active region is crucial to achieve the required high power and electro-optical conversion efficiency, since the temperature significantly affects the performance of the quantum well, including the internal quantum efficiency and mode gain. In this work, the temperature effects on the active region of a 808 nm high-power semiconductor laser were investigated theoretically and experimentally. The simulations were performed with a Quasi-3D model, which involved complete steady-state semiconductor and carrier confinement efficiency combined with a new mathematical method. The critical aluminum content of the quantum barrier was proposed and the relationship between temperature and various loss sources was disclosed in the temperature range of 213 to 333 K, which provides a reliable reference for the design of epitaxial structures of high-power semiconductor lasers in different operating conditions. Subsequently, the optimized epitaxial structure was determined and used to fabricate standard laser bar chips with a cavity length of 2 mm. The experimental electro-optical conversion efficiency of 71% was demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 1.34 W/A and an injection current of 600 A at the heatsink temperature of 223 K. A record high electro-optical conversion efficiency of 73.5% was reached at the injection current of 400 A, while the carrier confinement efficiency was as high as 98%.
Effect of Lubricating Oil and Wiper on Super-High Strength 7055 Aluminum Alloy Ingots
Authors: Wang Xiangjie , Xu Yajun , Yang Lingfei , Chen Chengcheng , Song Zhaoxi , Cui Jianzhong
Published: January 2023

The casting table with lubricating oil and wiper is applied simultaneously to produce super-high-strength 7055 aluminum alloy (Al7055) ingots, and 30 T Al7055 ingots with a diameter of 582 mm were cast successfully. In this study, the microstructure and macrosegregation of the ingots were investigated using an optical microscope (OM). The research results show that the hydrogen content in the liquid metal can be decreased from 0.198 mL/100 g Al to 0.103 mL/100 g Al when three rotors are used in the degassing tank. Compared with the conventional hot-top casting table, the surface quality can be improved by using the casting table with oil lubrication. The temperature gradient between the ingot center and edge can be decreased by using the wiper during the casting process from 320 °C to 150 °C, the cracking tendency caused by the ingot temperature gradient can be decreased, the segregation layer thickness is decreased by about 87%, and the ingot can be homogenized at a high temperature by using the heat of the feed itself.
Soft-Bottom Infaunal Macrobenthos of the Avilés Canyon System (Cantabrian Sea)
Authors: Lourido Antía , Parra Santiago , Sánchez Francisco
Published: January 2023

The Aviles Canyon System (Northern Atlantic coast of Spain) is one of the ten marine regions studied in the Spanish seas by the LIFE+ INDEMARES project, which aims to identify special areas of conservation within the Natura 2000 Network. This study aims to characterize the composition and distribution of the macrobenthic fauna in order to provide baseline data to obtain a basic knowledge of the environment. Three oceanographic surveys were carried out to investigate species and habitats of this deep-sea ecosystem. The stations were sampled using a box corer, in order to evaluate the distribution and biodiversity of the macroinfauna, and to analyse the granulometric composition and the organic matter content. Sediments were mainly sandy in nature, the finest sediments with the highest organic matter content were found in the deepest areas, while coarser sediments were located in shallow stations. Polychaetes were the best represented group in total number of species and individuals, followed by crustaceans and molluscs. Five major macrobenthic assemblages were determined through multivariate analyses. Bathymetry and sedimentary composition were the main factors structuring the benthic community separating shallow and coarser stations from deeper and finer ones.
New Data on the Distribution of Southern Forests for the West Siberian Plain during the Late Pleistocene: A Paleoentomological Approach
Authors: Gurina Anna A. , Dudko Roman Y. , Ivanov Alexander V. , Kotov Alexey A. , Mikhailov Yuri E. , Prokin Alexander A. , Prosvirov Alexander S. , Solodovnikov Alexey Y. , Zinovyev Evgenii V. , Legalov Andrei A.
Published: January 2023

Subfossil remains of insects and branchiopod crustaceans (Cladocera and Notostraca) found in three late Pleistocene deposits in the Novosibirsk region in the vicinity of the village of Suzun have been described. The calibrated radiocarbon dates for these deposits were 24,893–25,966 cal BP (Suzun-1), 20,379–20,699 cal BP (Suzun-2), and 27,693–28,126 cal BP (Nizhny Suzun), which correspond to the onset of marine isotope stage 2 (MIS 2). The insect assemblages of these deposits are mainly represented by Coleoptera, which are noteworthy for high taxonomic and ecological diversity. At least 194 beetle species from 21 families have been found altogether. Of them, 74 species were found in the Pleistocene deposits of Western Siberia for the first time. All deposits were similar in species composition of beetles; Carabidae and Curculionidae prevailed everywhere. The ecological composition was dominated by steppe and tundra-steppe species; aquatic and riparian groups were also well represented. The Cladoceran and notostracan taxa revealed in Suzun-1 and Suzun-2 are characteristic of recent steppes rather than the forest zone of Western Siberia. The studied entomocomplexes are congruent with the periglacial “Otiorhynchus-type” fauna that inhabited the southern part of the West Siberian Plain at the end of the Pleistocene and had no close contemporary analogues. Cold and dry conditions, as well as the prevailing open landscapes of the tundra-steppe type, were the reconstructed conditions for this fauna. At the same time, the Suzun-1 and Suzun-2 entomocomplexes had a distinctive feature, namely a high proportion of forest species associated with both coniferous and deciduous trees. According to these data, at the beginning of MIS 2 in the Upper Ob region, spruce forests with the participation of small-leaved species (birch) were present. They were probably confined to river valleys and were not widely distributed.
Computational Design and Experimental Evaluation of MERS-CoV siRNAs in Selected Cell Lines
Authors: Sohrab Sayed S. , El-Kafrawy Sherif A. , Mirza Zeenat , Hassan Ahmed M. , Alsaqaf Fatima , Azhar Esam I.
Published: January 2023

Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is caused by a well-known coronavirus first identified in a hospitalized patient in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV is a serious pathogen affecting both human and camel health globally, with camels being known carriers of viruses that spread to humans. In this work, MERS-CoV genomic sequences were retrieved and analyzed by multiple sequence alignment to design and predict siRNAs with online software. The siRNAs were designed from the orf1ab region of the virus genome because of its high sequence conservation and vital role in virus replication. The designed siRNAs were used for experimental evaluation in selected cell lines: Vero cells, HEK-293-T, and Huh-7. Virus inhibition was assessed according to the cycle threshold value during a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Out of 462 potential siRNAs, we filtered out 21 based on specific selection criteria without off-target effect. The selected siRNAs did not show any cellular toxicity in the tested cell lines at various concentrations. Based on our results, it was obvious that the combined use of siRNAs exhibited a reduction in MERS-CoV replication in the Vero, HEK-293-T, and Huh-7 cell lines, with the highest efficacy displayed in the Vero cells.
Prognostic Value of Bladder Involvement in the Outcome of Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma
Authors: Meireles Sara , Dias Nuno , Martins Diana , Dias Carolina , Gonçalves Marina , Silva João , Silva Carlos Martins , Oliveira Paulo Dinis , Soares Paula , Lopes José Manuel
Published: January 2023

Accurately predicting the clinical prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) seems crucial. We evaluated the effect of the involvement of urothelial bladder carcinoma (UBC) as a potential prognostic factor for overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). The cohort included 115 patients with UTUC, subgrouped between January 2009 and December 2019 as follows: (1) only UTUC and (2) UTUC with synchronous or metachronous UBC (UTUC + UBC). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify independent prognostic factors for OS and PFS. Synchronous or metachronous UBC diagnosis in UTUC patients was an independent predictor of worse PFS (HR 3.326 CI 95% 1.474–7.503, p = 0.004), but it was not identified as a prognostic factor for OS (p > 0.05). Lymphovascular invasion (LVI) was associated with decreased PFS (HR 2.687 CI 95%1.172–6.163, p = 0.020) and OS (HR 4.980 CI 95%1.763–14.064, p = 0.002). This study indicates that concomitant or later UBC could predict a poor PFS, but it is not associated with a significantly worse OS in UTUC patients. The prognostic impact of LVI underlines its inclusion in the tumor staging system of UTUC.
Popcorn Appearance of Severely Calcified Uterine Leiomyoma: Image-Pathological Correlation
Authors: Tantipalakorn Charuwan , Khunamornpong Surapan , Sirilert Sirinart , Tongsong Theera
Published: January 2023

Calcified subserous leiomyoma is a rare benign tumor commonly seen in the postmenopausal age group. Cases with severely calcified degeneration all over the mass are extremely rare. It causes diagnostic confusion with the solid calcified adnexal mass and the large bladder calculi in the pelvis. We hereby present a case of heavily calcified subserous uterine leiomyoma in a 66-year-old postmenopausal woman. An X-ray of the abdomen and pelvis and CT scan showed a pelvic mass with scattered popcorn appearance in the pelvis, representing severely calcified discrete spots all over the mass. Sonographically, different from typical uterine leiomyomas which exhibit recurrent refractory shadowing patterns, our case showed heavy homogeneous acoustic shadow obscuring all structures beneath the mass surface, resulting in a suboptimal ultrasound examination. Accordingly, CT scans, which are usually not a primary tool for the diagnosis of uterine leiomyomas, are helpful to characterize the mass and identify their organ of origin. The case presented here was treated with a hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy and was post-operatively confirmed for severely calcified subserous leiomyomas.
A Comparative Study on Visual Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Closed Tube Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification: Shedding Light on the Use of Eriochrome Black T
Authors: Neshani Alireza , Zare Hosna , Sadeghian Hamid , Safdari Hadi , Riahi-Zanjani Bamdad , Aryan Ehsan
Published: January 2023

Loop-mediated isothermal amplification is a promising candidate for the rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. However, the high potential for carry-over contamination is the main obstacle to its routine use. Here, a closed tube LAMP was intended for the visual detection of Mtb to compare turbidimetric and two more favorable colorimetric methods using calcein and hydroxy naphthol blue (HNB). Additionally, a less studied dye (i.e., eriochrome black T (EBT)) was optimized in detail in the reaction for the first time. Mtb purified DNA and 30 clinical specimens were used to respectively determine the analytical and diagnostic sensitivities of each method. The turbidimetric method resulted in the best analytical sensitivity (100 fg DNA/reaction), diagnostic sensitivity and specificity (100%), and time-to-positivity of the test (15 min). However, this method is highly prone to subjective error in reading the results. Moreover, HNB-, calcein-, and EBT-LAMP could respectively detect 100 fg, 1 pg, and 1 pg DNA/reaction (the analytical sensitivities) in 30, 15, and 30 min, while the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity were respectively 93.3% and 100% for them all. Interestingly, EBT-LAMP showed the lowest potential for subjective error in reading the results. This report helps judiciously choose the most appropriate visual method, taking a step forward toward the field applicability of LAMP for the detection of Mtb, particularly in resource-limited settings.
Deciphering the Autoantibody Response to the OJ Antigenic Complex
Authors: Fritzler Marvin J. , Bentow Chelsea , Satoh Minoru , McHugh Neil , Ghirardello Anna , Mahler Michael
Published: January 2023

(1) Background: Myositis specific antibodies (MSA) are important diagnostic biomarkers. Among the rarest and most challenging MSA are anti-OJ antibodies which are associated with anti-synthetase syndrome (ASS). In contrast to the other tRNA synthetases that are targets of ASS autoantibodies (e.g Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, KS, Zo), OJ represents a macromolecular complex with several ribonucleoprotein subunits. Therefore, the choice of the antigen in autoantibody assays can be challenging. (2) Methods: We collected two independent cohorts with anti-OJ antibodies, one based on a commercial line immunoassay (LIA) (n = 39), the second based on protein immunoprecipitation (IP) (n = 15). Samples were tested using a particle-based multi-analyte technology (PMAT) system that allows for the simultaneous detection of antibodies to various autoantigens. For the detection of anti-OJ antibodies, two different antigens were deployed (KARS, IARS) on PMAT. The reactivity to the two antigens KARS and IARS was analyzed individually and combined in a score (sum of the median fluorescence intensities). (3) Results: In the cohort selection based on LIA, 3/39 (7.7%) samples were positive for anti-KARS and 7/39 (17.9%) for anti-IARS and 14/39 (35.9%) when the two antigens were combined. In contrast, in samples selected by IP the sensitivity of anti-KARS was higher: 6/15 (40.0%) samples were positive for anti-KARS, 4/15 (26.7%) for anti-IARS and 12/15 (80.0%) for the combination of the two antigens. 18/39 (46.2%) of the LIA samples generated a cytoplasmic IIF pattern (compatible with anti-synthetase antibodies), but there was no association with the antibody levels, neither with LIA nor with PMAT. (4) Conclusions: The combination of IARS and KARS might represent a promising approach for the detection of anti-OJ antibodies on a fully automated platform.
Isolation of Clinical Microbial Isolates during Orthodontic Aligner Therapy and Their Ability to Form Biofilm
Authors: Baybekov Oleg , Stanishevskiy Yaroslav , Sachivkina Nadezhda , Bobunova Anna , Zhabo Natallia , Avdonina Marina
Published: January 2023

The purpose of this study is to calculate microbiological composition of aligners after a day of wearing them. To date, the dental market for orthodontists offers many ways to correct bites. Aligners are transparent and almost invisible from the teeth. They are used for everyday wear to correct the incorrect position of the teeth, which was once considered the prerogative of braces. Scientists worldwide have repeatedly considered questions regarding the interaction between aligners and the oral cavity’s microflora; however, the emphasis has mainly shifted toward species composition and antibiotic resistance. The various properties of these microorganisms, including biofilm formation, adhesion to various cells, and the ability to phagocytize, have not been studied so widely. In addition, these characteristics, as well as the microorganisms themselves, have properties that change over time, location, and in certain conditions. In this regard, the problem of biofilm formation in dental practice is always relevant. It requires constant monitoring since high contamination of orthodontic materials can reduce the effectiveness of local anti-inflammatory therapy and cause relapses in caries and inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity. Adhesive properties, one of the key factors in forming the architectonics of biofilms, provide the virulence factors of microorganisms and are characterized by an increase in optical density, determining the duration and retrospectivity of diagnostic studies. This paper focuses on the isolation of clinical microbial isolates during aligner therapy and their ability to form biofilms. In the future, we plan to use the obtained strains of microorganisms to create an effective and safe biofilm-destroying agent. We aimed to study morphometric and densitometric indicators of biofilms of microorganisms persisting on aligners.
On the Fidelity Robustness of CHSH–Bell Inequality via Filtered Random States
Authors: Mandarino Antonio , Scala Giovanni
Published: January 2023

The theorem developed by John Bell constituted the starting point of a revolution that translated a philosophical question about the nature of reality into the broad and intense field of research of the quantum information technologies. We focus on a system of two qubits prepared in a random, mixed state, and we study the typical behavior of their nonlocality via the CHSH–Bell inequality. Afterward, motivated by the necessity of accounting for inefficiency in the state preparation, we address to what extent states close enough to one with a high degree of nonclassicality can violate local realism with a previously chosen experimental setup.
Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Ocean Wave Energy Harvesting: Unit Integration and Network Construction
Authors: Liang Xi , Liu Shijie , Yang Hongbo , Jiang Tao
Published: January 2023

As a clean and renewable energy source with huge reserves, the development of ocean wave energy has important strategic significance. Harvesting ocean wave energy through novel triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) has shown promising application prospects. For this technology, the integration of TENG units is the crucial step to realize large-scale network commercialization. All aspects of the TENG networking process are systematically summarized in this review, including the topology design and the circuit-connection scheme. Advancing the research on the large-scale TENG network is expected to make great contributions to achieve carbon neutrality.
Modeling, Simulation, and Computer Control of a High-Frequency Wood Drying System
Authors: Stolic Predrag , Stevic Zoran , Petronic Sanja , Nikolic Vojkan , Stevic Misa , Kreculj Dragan , Milosevic Danijela
Published: January 2023

High-frequency wood drying is the modern method used in raw wood drying so that treated wood can be used further in various processes. Such systems are used because of the economy, energy efficiency, obtaining of good mechanical properties of the wood after treatment, as well as reducing time consumption. Therefore, it is extremely important to understand each component of such systems and processes. The mentioned systems are implemented using high-frequency generators based on vacuum tubes (VT). Their development and, in particular, optimization are by far more complex than the transistor systems; therefore, the development is now compelled to rely on computer modelling and simulation. In this research, a high-frequency (HF) generator of 20 kW output power and 1.5–15 MHz adjustable frequency based on VT was produced and then, with the corresponding model for VT itself and the rest of the developed circuit, was followed by computer simulation and real-system measurement. The model parameters were adjusted, which provided additional system optimization. An extra match of the results from the simulation and measurement was obtained; thus, the optimization was performed faster and more precisely. In addition, an easier and quicker way of adjusting parameters of the PID controller using a developed software-based control system was attained. The problems of cooling the VT anode under high DC voltage, as well as temperature measurement in the HF electric field, have been solved.
Monitoring Tomato Leaf Disease through Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Guerrero-Ibañez Antonio , Reyes-Muñoz Angelica
Published: January 2023

Agriculture plays an essential role in Mexico’s economy. The agricultural sector has a 2.5% share of Mexico’s gross domestic product. Specifically, tomatoes have become the country’s most exported agricultural product. That is why there is an increasing need to improve crop yields. One of the elements that can considerably affect crop productivity is diseases caused by agents such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. However, the process of disease identification can be costly and, in many cases, time-consuming. Deep learning techniques have begun to be applied in the process of plant disease identification with promising results. In this paper, we propose a model based on convolutional neural networks to identify and classify tomato leaf diseases using a public dataset and complementing it with other photographs taken in the fields of the country. To avoid overfitting, generative adversarial networks were used to generate samples with the same characteristics as the training data. The results show that the proposed model achieves a high performance in the process of detection and classification of diseases in tomato leaves: the accuracy achieved is greater than 99% in both the training dataset and the test dataset.