bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative Study of Cytology and Histopathology of Cervical Lesion in VIA Positive Patients in Mymensingh
Authors: Ansari Nazma Parvin , Rahman AJE Nahar , Saleh AFM , Shahida SM
Published: June 2021

Cervical cancer is the second most frequent type of cancer and leading cause of mortality among women worldwide. More than eighty eight percent deaths from cervical cancer occur in developing countries and by 2030, it will be at least ninety eight percent. In developed countries, the cases and deaths have declined markedly due to their extensive screening programs. The present study was undertaken to assess precancerous and cancerous cervical lesion by cytology and their comparison with histopathology in VIA positive cases. This descriptive, cross-sectional type of observational study was carried out in the Department of Pathology, Mymensingh Medical College in collaboration with the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, during the period of July 2012 to June 2013. Study was carried out among 160 VIA positive patients and selected by non-random judgment sampling from the colposcopy clinic. Histological findings revealed that the most common age group affected by different types of cervical lesions is 30 – 39 years. It also revealed that squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) was very much common in age group 40-49 years. The statistical value of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity of Pap smear cytology test and histopathology yielded some important directives. The sensitivity values of Pap smear cytology was found 87.50%. The accuracy of the Pap smears in this study was 88.13%. The present study show significant relationship between cytological test with histopathological diagnosis. However cytology testing is not suitable as a single test. In conclusion, it can be stated that combination of cytology (Pap smear) and histopathology would ultimately be more useful.

CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 35-40
Role of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the Diagnosis of Paucibacillary Leprosy
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Mahmudur , Sikder Md Akram Ullah , Khondker Lubna , Chowdhury Abu Hena , Hossain Mohammad Kamal , Rahman Mohammad Atiqur
Published: June 2021

Leprosy caused by Mycobacterium leprae, is still considered a major health problem in many developing countries. The routine bacteriological test on the demonstration of acid-fast bacilli in skin smears is not sufficiently sensitive or specific in the paucibacillary leprosy patients. To detect DNA of Mycobacterium leprae by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) from skin biopsy specimen as a means of diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy. It was a cross-sectional study of clinically diagnosed 33 cases of Paucibacillary leprosy patients. Laboratory works were performed in the Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Department of pathology; Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) and Leprosy Control Institute and Hospital, Mohakhali, Dhaka from November 2013 to June 2015. It was observed that the mean age of patients was found 30.9±13.7 years, 19(57.6%) patients had two to five skin lesions, all (100%) patients had tuberculoid type of leprosy, all (100%) patients had loss of sensation and 18(54.5%) patients had nerve thickening. Regarding slit skin smear test, it was observed that all (100%) patients were slit skin smear negative for leprosy bacilli, 8(24.2%) patients had positive skin biopsy for histopathology and 15(45.5%) patients had positive skin biopsy for PCR. The validity of PCR for identification of paucibacillary leprosy correlated with sensitivity 100%, specificity 72%, accuracy 78.8%, positive predictive value 53.3% and negative predictive value 100%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has definite value in the diagnosis of paucibacillary leprosy and can be regarded as a sensitive and specific diagnostic modality.

CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 41-48
Stress Factor Influencing the Psoriasis in Tertiary Hospital of Bangladesh
Authors: Khatun Masuda , Khondker Lubna , Kamal SM Bakhtiar
Published: June 2021

Psoriasis is one of the major public health problems. It creates a major psychological as well as cosmetic problem and a vast reduction of quality of life in developing countries as well as developed countries as stress is considered to play an important role on the onset and exacerbation of psoriasis. To evaluate influence of stress factor in psoriasis. An observational cross-sectional study was conducted with patients with psoriasis who attended the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital (DMCH) and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka during the period of July 2015 to June 2016. Divorce was presented in 8.1% cases, 51.3% cases had severe life threatening diseases affecting the patient or close family members, 45.1% patients had history of deaths within the close family members, 39.8% patients had serious financial difficulties and 4.4% patients had harassment at school, 65.5% patients experienced first outbreak of psoriasis during a period of stress. About 41.6% psoriatic patients became worse during times of Stress. 38.9% patients had a tendency to break out during times of stress. This study demonstrated that the stress factor is of paramount importance for the development and aggravation of psoriasis.

CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 49-54
Congenital Leukemia: A Case Report
Authors: Quddush ASM Ruhul , Md Kamruzzaman - , Md Badruzzaman - , Jahan Shahanaz , Sattar Shamima
Published: June 2021

A 5 week-old infant presented with fever and pallor for two weeks, reluctant to feed for one week and passage of bloody stool one time two days back. Child was found less active and severely anaemic with hepato-splenomegaly. Peripheral blood film showed marked leukocytosis with many immature cells which are mostly blast cell resembling lymphoblast containing one-two nucleoli. Bone marrow aspiration revealed findings suggestive of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Other possibilities like neonatal sepsis and TORCH infection were ruled out and a final diagnosis of congenital leukemia was made.

CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 55-57
Atypical Presentation of Mycosis Fungoides- A Rare Case Report
Authors: Wahab MA , Rahaman Md Mahabubur , Warish Nehal , Quader Md Rezaul , Rahman M Hasibur
Published: June 2021

Commonest cutaneous T cell lymphoma is mycosis fungoides. Clinical stages are patch, plaque, tumor; erythroderma and poikoiloderma. Extracutaneous spread takes place in late stages where any organ may be involved. The majority of reported cases are with typical presentation. A rare case of mycosis fungoides in a 45-year-old male with papular eruption is described.

CBMJ 2015 July: Vol. 04 No. 02 P: 62-64
Delay in Aging Process
Authors: Islam Md Aminul
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 01-03
Socio-demographic Characteristics and Behavioural Risk Factors in Selected Tribal Community in Bangladesh
Authors: Farah Shayela , Karim Mohoshina , Sultana Masuda , Mahmud Abdullah Al , Tahera Sadiqa
Published: June 2021

Tribal and minority populations are increasingly exposed to risk factors as a result of urbanization. The study was conducted in the Rakhain community in Cox's Bazar district, Bangladesh, with the aims of determining the socio-demographic characteristics and behavioural risk factors. This cross-sectional study was done among 287 Rakhain individuals. Data were collected by face to face interview using pretested structured questionnaire. More than one third respondents were from the age group of 35-44 years. Their mean age was 40.66 (±11.275) years. Majority of the respondents were male 148(52%), married 222(77.4%) and educated up to primary level 179(62.4%). The highest proportion 68(23.7%) of the respondents were housewife and day laborer and lowest were unemployed 26(9.1%). Their average monthly family income were 17874.56 (±7208.553) Taka. Statistically significant association were found between their smoking status and socio-demographic characteristics (p <0.001). The high burden of behavioral risk factors in Rakhain community was observed in the present study.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 04-08
Prevalence of Seasonal Variation of Haemorrhagic stroke more in winter than summer and its common risk factors
Authors: Ahmed Sultan , Islam Md Aminul , Bari Mohammad Abdul , Hasan Mahmud Javed , Pathan Md Ashraful Siddique , Sarker Chanda Nendu Bhushan , Rubel Mostufa Mahmud
Published: June 2021

The present descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the department of medicine, Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh over a period of one year during March 2013 to February 2014. The study was conducted to describe Haemorrhagic stroke during summer and winter. An attempt was also made to observe in the frequency of common risk factors of stroke by seasons. A total 146 patients of any age irrespective of sex fulfilling the WHO criteria of acute stroke and confirmed by CT Scan were selected from consecutive admission in the Department of Medicine, Community Based Medical College Hospital Bangladesh. Detail history and through clinical examinations were done. Routine and relevant investigations were carried out. The mean age of the patients was 60.9±14.3 years. A male preponderance was observed in the study. In summer 65.8% of patients and in winter 34.2% patients were presented. Ischemic stroke was present in 52.1% patients and 47.9% patients had haemorrhagic stoke. The study found that the frequency of ischemic stroke during summer (65.8%) was significantly greater than that during winter (34.2%). The frequency of haemorrhagic stroke during winter (65.8%) significant greater than that during summer (39.6%). Hypertension was the most important risk factor and other risk factors were smoking. Diabetes mellitus, tobacco chewing, ischamic heart disease, dyslipidaemia, oral contraceptive pill, alcohol consumption atrial fibrillation and past history of stroke. Increasing age was also noted as a risk factor (60.7%>60 years). Most of the risk factors were homogenously distributed between two seasons and between ischemic and haemorrhagic group. Hypertension was significantly higher in haemorrhagic stroke patients compared to ischemic stroke patients.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 09-13
Study of Mean Diameter of Middle Cerebellar Peduncle in Bangladeshi Cadaver
Authors: Haque AQM Ataul , Khalil Muhsin , Sultana Seheli Zannat , Mannan Sabina , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Hossain Muazzem , Ara Anjuman , Begum Taslima , Choudhury Shilpi , Haque Nazia
Published: June 2021

This cross sectional descriptive study was done by using nonprobability sampling technique and performed by examining 63 (sixty three) cerebellum. Out of them 40 postmortem human cerebellum collected from Bangladeshi cadavers of both sexes (male 25 and female 15) age ranging from 5 to 60 years and 23 cerebellums from caesarian section of intrauterine death cases of both sexes (male 14 and female 9) age ranging from 34 wks to 42 wks. of gestation. Specimens were collected from dead bodies autopsied on different dates from April 2009 to September 2009 at the autopsy laboratory of department of Forensic Medicine and prenatal cases from Gynaecology and Obstetrics Department of Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh. The collected specimens were grouped into three age groups like Group A (28 to 42 weeks of gestation), Group B (5 to 30 years) and Group C (31 to 60 years) and, two sex groups (male and female). The diameters of the middle cerebellar peduncles of both cerebellar hemispheres were measured by using slide calipers and expressed in millimeter (mm). The measurement was taken after fixation into 10% formal saline. The mean (± SD) diameter of right middle cerebellar peduncle was in Group A 6.70 ± 0.95, B 11.57 ± 2.57 and C 11.80 ± 1.40 mm respectively and it was also observed that mean diameter of right middle cerebellar peduncle increased with age. The mean (± SD) diameter of left middle cerebellar peduncle was in Group A 6.44 ± 0.83, B 11.35 ± 2.50 and C 11.40 ± 1.23 mm respectively and it was also observed that mean diameter of left middle cerebellar peduncle increased with age.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 14-19
Maternal Outcome in Ruptured Uterus: A Review of 72 Cases
Authors: Roy Nibedita , Nahar Kamrun , Sarker Uttam Kumar , Akter Fouzia , Beg Ayesha , Khan Md Abul Kalam Azad , Roy Joydip , Chakrabarty Reemi
Published: June 2021

This descriptive type of cross-sectional study of 72 cases of uterine rupture was conducted over 1 year (from September 2006 to August 2007) in the department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh to evaluate the maternal outcome of different types of surgery, to assess the maternal mortality and maternal morbidity. All cases of ruptured uterus which were received & treated and did not die within 30 minutes of admission are included in the study. Data were collected by preformed data collection sheet. The results showed that the common age groups were between 20-30 years in 31(68.00%) cases. Among all ruptured cases, 6 cases (8.33%) were Primigravida, 52 cases (72.22%) were between gravida 2nd to 4th and 14 cases (19.44%) were gravida 5th or above. Among all cases, 66 cases (91.66%) required blood transfusion; Subtotal hysterectomy was done in 36 cases (50.00%), total hysterectomy in 4 cases (5.56%), and repair of the rent in 32 cases (44.44%). Associated operations were done along with repair or hysterectomy in 13 (18.05%) cases. Postoperative complications were found in 23 (31.94%) cases. The shortest stay was 8 days & the longest stay was 62 days. The hospital staying was about 2 weeks in 48(66.70%) cases. Among 10 death cases (13.90%) maximum patient died within first 5 hours. The causes of maternal death were due to septicemia, renal failure and shock in 20%, 30% and 50% respectfully.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 20-26
Surgical and Clinical Outcome of Bipolar Hemiarthroplasty Over Unipolar Hemiarthroplasty in Case of Fracture Neck of Femur in Elderly- Done in CBMCH,B and Private Clinics
Authors: Chowdhury Mamunur Rashid , Uddin Md Nasir , Haque Md Anwarul , Islam Md Saiful , Hasan Md Sabbir , Mumu Sabrina Alam
Published: June 2021

Back ground: Whether bipolar hemiarthroplasty[BH] for displaced femoral neck fractures has benefit over unipolar hemiarthroplasty[UH] remains controversial. Intracapsular fracture neck femur mainly occur in elderly person. The prime goal of treatment is to return the patient to their pre-fracture functional status. The surgical treatment is the treatment of choice, hip replacement arthroplasty (hemi or total) is a viable choice in treatment option. In this clinical study 96 elderly patients (age 55-78 years) with a displaced intracapsular femoral neck fracture were treatment over a six year period (December 2009 to December 2015). All of them underwent hemiarthroplasty either bipolar or unipolar, after appropriate medical and anesthetic fitness. The patients were reevaluated at two weeks, six weeks, at six months postoperative and assessed using mainly Harris hip score (HHS) and visual analogue scale (vas) for evaluation of clinical and surgical outcome Also x-ray done to seen erosion of acetabulam. The mean age of patients was 64.5 years and male female ratio 45.83% -54.17%. The mean HHS score was 83.5 for BH and 82.5 for UH at the end of the 6 months. The mean score on VAS scale was 4mm (mu) at 6 months for both BH and UH follow up visit. At the one year 03 cases of unipolar complications mild hip pain. No patients need revision surgery. Bipolar and unipolar hemiarthroplasty is the treatment of choice in elderly patient with displaced femoral neck fracture provides early ambulation, good functional outcome, pain free joint with minimal complications without the need for revision surgery. There is no significant differences between Bipolar and Unipolar arthroplasty surgically and clinically.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 27-32
Deep Vein Thrombosis Secondary To Graves' Disease-A Case Report
Authors: Islam Md Aminul , Beg Ayesha , Ahmed Md Sultan , Chowdhury Sayed , Haque Mirza Manjurul
Published: June 2021

Deep Vein thrombosis (DVT) is the formation of a blood clot within a deep vein, most commonly the legs. The incidence of a first venous thrombosis is 1-3 per 1000 persons per year, around two-thirds manifest as DVT of the leg, and one-third as pulmonary embolism (PE). Graves' disease, also known as toxic diffuse goiter, is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid which frequently results in and is the most common cause of hyperthyroidism, often results in an enlarged thyroid. The disorder results from an antibody, called thyroid stimulating immunoglobulin (TSI), that has a similar effect to thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) which cause the thyroid gland to produce excess thyroid hormone. Graves' disease will develop in about 0.5% of males and 3% of females, approximately 7.5 times more often in women than men. Various changes in the coagulation- fibrinolytic system have been described in patients with an excess thyroid hormones particularly procoagulant and antifibrinolytic effects. Review analysis confirmed that clinically overt hyperthyroidism modify the coagulation-fibrinolytic balance, indicating that thyroid hormone excess is the probable main pathophysiological mechanism. Patients with overt hyperthyroidism appear to have an increased risk of thrombosis. Here we present a case of right sided leg swelling due to deep vein thrombosis with Grave's disease A 30 year old lady admitted in tertiary care hospital with right sided leg swelling for 25 days and protrusion of both eyes for 3 months. Swelling was sudden in onset, painful, red in colour, which involved almost whole right lower limb and it was associated with venous engorgement. Physical examination revealed patient was ill looking, mildly anaemic, tachycardic, normotensive, severe pitting edema on right leg but left was normal. Thyroid gland was diffusely enlarged. She had bilateral exopthalmos with presence of lid retraction and lid lag. Examination of Lower limbs revealed swollen whole right lower limb with engorged veins in the upper part of thigh with raised local temperature, calf muscle tenderness and positive Homan's sign on right side. The purpose of this case report is to establish that Graves' disease is the cause of DVT in this patient.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 33-41
Antenatally Diagnosed Posterior Urethral Valve: A Case Report
Authors: Islam Mahzabeen , Rahman Masudur , Dey Sankar Narayan , Sharma Netay Kumer , Farzana Mir Naz
Published: June 2021

Posterior urethral valve (PUV) are the most common congenital obstructive lesion of the urethra and a common cause of obstructive uropathy in infancy. Clinical presentation depends on the severity of the obstruction. In case of severe obstruction, the diagnosis is usually made antenatally. Here, we present a case of antenatally diagnosed PUV of a fetus of a lady in her 9th month of pregnancy with mild lower abdominal pain for several hours. On ultrasound (US) examination, we found 36.5±2 weeks of pregnancy with mild to moderate oligohydramnios. Fetal urinary bladder was over distended; both the kidneys were grossly hydronephrotic and PUV like echo lucent area was seen at the prostatic region (Key hole sign). Emergency caesarian section (CS) was done and US of the baby showed typical US finding of PUV. The prognosis of antenatal diagnosis of PUV in early pregnancy is poor. But in this case due to the late onset of symptoms and as immediate necessary steps were taken, the baby was totally cured. This case was reported to aware about importance of antenatal anomaly scan and to share our experience.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 42-45
An Overview of Ebola Virus Disease
Authors: Haque Nazia , Bari Md Shafikul , Hossain Md Akram , Haque Shakila , Yasmin Taslima , Kabir Md Rashedul , Ahmed Rajib , Rahman SM Masudur
Published: June 2021

Ebola virus is an aggressive pathogen that causes a highly lethal hemorrhagic fever syndrome in humans and nonhuman primates. Ebola Virus Disease (EVD) is characterized by the sudden onset of fever and malaise accompanied by other nonspecific signs and symptoms such as myalgia, headache, vomiting, and diarrhea. Among EVD patients, 30%-50% experience hemorrhagic symptoms. In severe and fatal forms, multi organ dysfunction including hepatic damage, renal failure, and central nervous system involvement occur, leading to shock and death. The wildlife reservoir has not been definitively ascertained; however evidence supports fruit bats as one reservoir. The virus initially spreads to the human population after contact with infected wildlife and is then spread person-to-person through direct contact with body fluids. The incubation period is 2-21 days. Prevention includes decreasing the spread of disease from infected animals humans. Properly cooking meat and wearing protective clothing when handling meat may also be helpful. Samples of bodily fluids and tissues from people with the disease should be handled with special caution. There is currently no antiviral therapy or vaccine that is effective against Ebola virus infection in humans. Efforts to help those who are infected are supportive and include giving either oral rehydration therapy or intravenous fluids. The disease has a high risk of death, mortality between 50% and 90% of those infected with the virus.

CBMJ 2016 January: Vol. 05 No. 01 P: 50-54
Evaluation of Current Status of Newly Established Model Pharmacies in Bangladesh
Authors: Mondal Shadhan Kumar , Chowdhury Sabiha , Ganguly Amlan , Faroque ABM
Published: June 2021

Pharmaceutical sector of Bangladesh has developed profoundly after promulgation of the Drugs (Control) Ordinance, 1982. However, the health sector has not been equally developed because of lack of wellequipped drug management system and much needed patient counseling. The presence of adulterated, counterfeit and substandard drugs and the sale of drugs at high prices than the maximum retail price have also been the major problems here. The recent introduction of model pharmacies is supposed to be a hope for the people to get safe medicines at a reasonable cost. The aim of the present study was to find out the current scenario of model pharmacies in Bangladesh and to propose modern and alternative systems that could be applied in model pharmacies for better healthcare management and patient compliance. Thus, the current status of model pharmacies of Bangladesh has been evaluated using a survey-based analysis which utilized a pre-set questionnaire. The survey was conducted on 90 model pharmacies in seven districts of Bangladesh (Level 1 categorized by the Directorate General of Drug Administration, Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh). The results revealed that the infrastructure of the model pharmacies should be improved further. Only 33% of the model pharmacies have sitting facilities and 51% of them have washroom facilities for the waiting patients. It was found that despite all the model pharmacies (100%) should have at least 1 A-grade pharmacist in each of them, i.e. a pharmacy graduate registered with the Pharmacy Council of Bangladesh under the Pharmacy Ordinance 1976, but pharmacists were found to be present in only 26% of pharmacies during the visit. Amongst the pharmacists, 98% showed satisfaction with the decision of compulsory engagement of A-grade pharmacists in all the model pharmacies. Defying the obligatory provisions, only 38% model of pharmacies keep the required records of sold drugs. It was pleasing to observe that no physician’s sample of medicines was sold in any model pharmacies. The medicines storage facilities in controlled temperature was found in all the model pharmacies. But the A-grade pharmacists were not available in the pharmacies during holidays. It is opined that modern and ICT based techniques can be applied to modify the model pharmacies for better patient care and patient management.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 1-10, 2021 (June)
Formulation of Non-effervescent Floating Dosage Form of Metronidazole using Sintering and Sublimation Technique
Authors: Ovenseri Airemwen Collins , Michael Uhumwangho Uwumagbe
Published: June 2021

The aim of this study was to formulate a novel non-effervescent floating dosage form of metronidazole using the sublimation and sintering technique. Granules were formulated using the wet granulation technique. Ammonium bicarbonate (30% w/w) was incorporated as the sublimating agent. The granules were characterized for micromeritic properties. Thereafter, the granules were compressed using a single punch tableting machine and the physicotechnical properties were evaluated. The metronidazole tablet was then sintered at 70oC for 12 h. All granules were free flowing and compressible. The metronidazole tablets had no floating lag time showing that tablets floated instantaneously. FTIR and DSC studies showed that metronidazole and the excipients used in the formulation were compatible. Azadirachta indica gum was used in the formulation of non-effervescent floating dosage form of metronidazole using sublimation and sintering technique which is beneficial in sustained release formulations.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 11-17, 2021 (June)
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablet of Aspirin by Using QbD Approach
Authors: Thombre Nilima A , Ahire Pradeep S , Kshirsagar Sanjay J
Published: June 2021

In the current investigations, mouth dissolving tablets (MDT) were developed by applying quality by design (QbD) approach. Direct compression method was applied for the preparation of MDT containing aspirin using 32 factorial design with quantity of drug, microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and crosscarmellose sodium (CCS) as dependant variables. MCC and CCS were used as superdisintegrants. Sodium stearyl fumarate was used as lubricant. Developed MDT were evaluated for characteristics like hardness, friability, disintegration time (DT) and in vitro drug release . Design Expert 11.0 described adequately impact of selected variables (MCC and CCS) at various levels for response under study (DT and friability). The optimized batch showed disintegration time of 15-28 secs, friability within 1% and in vitro drug release of 75-98% after 30 mins, respectively. The present study of experimental design revealed that MCC and CCS are fruitful at low concentration to develop the optimized formulation. As per the results obtained from the experiments, it can be concluded that QbD is an effective and efficient approach for the development of quality into MDT with the application of QTPP, risk assessment and critical quality attributes (CQA).

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 19-29, 2021 (June)
Characterization of Chitosan Obtained from Snail Shell (Achatina fulica) and its Excipient Potentials in Metronidazole Tablet Formulation
Authors: Bamiro Oluyemisi Adebowale , Salisu Aishat Oyinkansola , Iyere Ese Mary , Atoyegbe Olatundun , Adeleye Olutayo Ademola , Bakre Lateef Gbenga
Published: June 2021

The aim of the work was to characterize chitosan extracted from snail shell and evaluate its use as a disintegrant and binder in metronidazole tablet formulation in comparison with standard chitosan (SC). The mechanical properties were assessed using crushing strength and friability, while the release properties were assessed using disintegration and dissolution times. The extracted chitosan (EC) was crystalline in nature and the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed polygonal particles with rough surface. The moisture and swelling capacity was 1.80% and 15.00%, respectively. The densities and flow properties were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of the SC. As a binder, the crushing strength of formulations containing EC was higher than SC, but both formulation failed friability test. There was significant difference between the disintegration times of the metronidazole formulations containing EC and SC as a disintegrant. The result showed that EC is more effective as a binder in tablet formulations.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 31-39, 2021 (June)
A Study on the National Drug Policies of Bangladesh to Ensure Health for All
Authors: Rahman Md Aknur , Hossain Md Riaz , Hossain Md Aslam , Amran Md Shah
Published: June 2021

Bangladesh approved the proposal for a National Drug Policy on May 29, 1982. We know that such drug policies are developed gradually over a period of time and may contain a lot of comprehensive documents. But in Bangladesh, the expert committee worked out the policy, based on 16 standards within 15 days. This vital document, almost unchanged, was made a law on 12 June 1982. A few years later, it can be observed that despite opposition from many concerns, the output of essential drugs has increased from about 30 to about 80 percent, prices have in almost all cases gone down considerably, the domestic industry has grown rapidly, the quality of its production has increased dramatically, and people’s awareness about quality medicines has been steadily growing. The World Health Organization (WHO) has stressed the need of a formulated drug policy in every country of the world in 1986. Bangladesh responded very early to this respect. Subsequently, two more national drug policies were promulgated in 2005 and 2016 respectively. Experience over the decades has shown that the said policies could not fulfill the declared objective of ensuring health for all. Our aim is to describe some of the lacunae for which total implementation of drug policy is still struggling. To find the root causes, a total of five hundred volunteers were surveyed by supplying a questionnaire on drug policy. It was observed that most of the participants opined that the incumbent government needs to be more stringent to implement the drug policy into reality by utilizing the public servants and public sectors, especially health personnel to ensure health for all.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 41-48, 2021 (June)
Physicochemical Characteristics and HPLC Determination of Alpha-Tocopherol in Eighteen Edible Vegetable Oils Marketed in Nigeria
Authors: Adejumo Olufunmilayo Ebunoluwa , Popoola Elizabeth Ayodele , Bamiro Oluyemisi Adebowale , Daodu John Olabanji , Olaitan Olatunde James
Published: June 2021

Eighteen brands of vegetable oils available in the local market were extracted with n-hexane before analysis for alpha-tocopherol by RP-HPLC method. The chromatographic separation occurred isocratically with methanol-water [96:4%v/v] at 0.9 ml/min flow rate. Tocopheryl acetate was the internal standard and alpha-tocopherol was eluted at 7.87 min. Free fatty acids value [FFAVs], peroxide value [PV], iodine value [IV] and saponification values [SV] were determined as quality parameters. Calibration curve was linear [r2 0.9969] and the method was precise with relative standard deviation of 0.35% and mean recovery, 87.39%. Alpha-tocopherol concentration ranged from 0-9.22 mg/100g with the highest in Tropical sunflower oil [9.22 mg/100g] and the lowest [1.16 mg/100g] in Laziz oil. Alpha-tocopherol was not detected in unbranded, local palm oil. The calculated percentage daily value [% DV] of vitamin E ranged from 0- 8.60%. Significant difference [p<0.05] between % DV and recommended dietary allowance [RDA] of vitamin E was observed. FFAs and PV ranged from 0.11-0.74% and 0.99-11.55 meq/kg while IV and SV ranged from 26.71-37.03 g/100g and 4.14-43.68 mg KOH/g, respectively. Seventeen samples [94%] were found to be within the acceptable limits while one [6%], failed for both quality parameters and α-tocopherol test. Strict regulatory control is advocated for these oils to safeguard the public health.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 49-57, 2021 (June)
Evaluation of Body Weight, Serum Lipid Profile, Glucose Homeostasis, Oxidative Stress and Hepatic Function in Healthy Mice Fed With Zinc Sulphate Supplementation
Authors: Rahman Md Atiqur , Amin Mohammad Tohidul , Arefin Sayema , Bhowmik Dipty Rani , Ripon Md Abdur Rahman , Hossain Mohammad Salim
Published: June 2021

The present research study was designed to evaluate the effect of zinc supplementation on body weight, serum triglyceride, cholesterol, glucose homeostasis, oxidative stress, and hepatic function in mice. Mice were treated with zinc sulphate at an equivalent weight of 6.5 mg/kg-body weight elemental zinc for four weeks. Bodyweight, serum glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol, serum MDA, nitric oxide, vitamin C, and hepatic enzymes level were determined at the end of the study period. Data from this study showed that supplementation with zinc in mice maintained a balanced blood glucose homeostasis throughout the experimental period. Moreover, treatment with zinc showed a significant (p <0.05) decrease in serum triglyceride and cholesterol level along with a decrease in the body weight compared to control. Treatment with zinc significantly attenuated the rate of lipid peroxidation whereas increased the level of vitamin C and NO level. The protective effect of zinc on liver activity was observed. Treatment with zinc showed a strong negative association with serum total cholesterol (r= -0.934, p = 0.02), triglycerides level (r= -0.709, p = 0.05), and body weight (r= -0.899, p = 0.01). The present findings demonstrate that zinc supplementation can be helpful to maintain a glucose homeostasis, ameliorate hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and liver dysfunction. Therefore, zinc supplementation can be suggested to alleviate diseases associated with metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 59-66, 2021 (June)
Physicochemical Characterization of Artemether-Entrapped Solid Lipid Microparticles Prepared from Templated- Compritol and Capra hircus (Goat Fat) Homolipid
Authors: Nnamani Petra Obioma , Kenechukwu Franklin Chimaobi , Nwagwu Chinekwu Sheridan , Okoye Onyinye , Attama Anthony Amaechi
Published: June 2021

The purpose of this study was to formulate and evaluate the physicochemical properties of artemetherloaded solid lipid microparticles (SLM) prepared from templated-compritol 888®ATO and Capra hircus (goat fat) homolipid. Various ratios of compritol 888®ATO, goat fat and Phospholipon® 90G were used to prepare the templated lipid matrices and characterized by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Plain and artemether-loaded SLM (0, 1.0, 3.0 and 5.0% drug) were prepared by melt-homogenization. The SLM were characterized regarding the compatibility by DSC, morphology and particle size by polarized light microscopy (PLM), encapsulation efficiency (EE%), in vitro release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2), simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 7.2) and alcoholic buffer (pH 3.6), and time-resolved pH-dependent stability. Stable, smooth and mostly spherical SLM with particle sizes in the range 18.77-43.79 μm and EE% ranging from 62.22% to 99.05% were obtained. DSC results showed the compatibility of drug and the formulation excipients as well as the stability of artemether in the developed SLM. Results showed significantly (p<0.05) higher drug release (88.25%) in alcoholic buffer than in SIF and SGF. By implication, incorporation of alcohol in the formulation would be a practical approach to improve artemether bioavailability from the SLM. This study has shown that the physicochemical properties of artemether were improved by SLM based on templated-compritol 888®ATO and goat fat.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 67-80, 2021 (June)
Evaluation of Anti-Microbial Activity and Proximate Composition of Alkaloids from Vitex doniana Seed
Authors: Udeani Theophilus K , Ugwu Linus O , Nnadi Charles O , Okwuosa Chukwugozie N
Published: June 2021

The study investigated the in vitro anti-microbial activity of crude alkaloids from the seeds of Vitex doniana against some selected bacteria and fungal strains. Agar well diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity using ciprofloxacin and ketoconazole as controls. Phytochemical and proximate analyses were carried out by standard methods. The crude extract showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins and resins in abundance. Proximate analysis indicated fat/oil (11±0.73 %), protein (0.26±0.02 %), moisture (0.21±0.01 %), ash (5.0±0.22 %) and carbohydrate (6.42±0.28 %). The antimicrobial study indicated that the crude extract was more effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (MIC 3.84 mg/ml) and Salmonella typhi (MIC 3.84 mg/ml) and other Gram-positive bacteria. The crude alkaloids generally showed lower activity in case of Gram-negative (MIC Salmonella typhi 4.20 mg/ml) than in Gram-positive bacteria (MIC Staphylococcus aureus 2.52 mg/ml). Surprisingly, the crude alkaloids from the seeds, in addition to improved activity against all the bacteria strains, showed significant activity against Candida albicans (MIC 1.18 mg/mL. V. doniana seed extract was found to be potent against some clinical strains of both Gram-positive and negative bacteria but not fungi; however, its alkaloids has promising antifungal activity.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 81-86, 2021 (June)
Isolation and Characterization of Multidrug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae in Urine Sample of Patients Suffering from Urinary Tract Infection with Diabetes and Nephropathy
Authors: Ahsan Nazmul , Rahman Monzilur , Islam Md Nazrul , Akhand Anwarul Azim
Published: June 2021

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms are spreading widely and becoming an issue of utmost importance to deal with. In the current study, ten urine samples from diabetic patients suffering from multiple complications, including urinary tract infection (UTI) and nephropathy were investigated. Antibiogram assays of the bacterial isolates from collected samples demonstrated resistance against most of the antibiotics tested. Further studies were conducted to determine the types of resistant bacteria that caused UTI. Analyzing the 16S rDNA sequence and phylogenetic tree, 3 isolates were identified as Escherichia coli, 5 as Klebsiella pneumoniae and the rest 2 as Enterobacter asburiae. The findings of this research indicate the necessity of urgent attention to find an effective alternative drug for treating infections caused by these resistant isolates.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 87-93, 2021 (June)
Pharmacological Screening of Substituted Benzimidazole Derivatives
Authors: Saha Poushali , Brishty Shejuti Rahman , Rahman SM Abdur
Published: June 2021

In the present study some substituted benzimidazole derivatives were screened for several biological activities. The synthesized compounds were subjected to evaluation of central analgesic, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxicity, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities by radiant heat induced tail flicking, carrageenan induced rat paw edema inhibition, brine shrimp lethality bioassay, disc diffusion and DPPH free radical scavenging methods, respectively. Compounds 2a, 2c and 2d elongated the tail flicking time by 58.07-, 51.59- and 76.65%, respectively (p < 0.001) at 50 mg/kg body weight dose compared to the standard morphine (87.17%). Compounds 2b, 2c and 2d showed prominent anti-inflammatory activity at 100 mg/kg body weight dose (% of paw edema inhibition 81.75%, 79.09% and 86.69%, respectively) compared to the standard aceclofenac (87.83%). Among the synthesized benzimidazole derivatives, compounds 1a, 1b, 1c, 2a and 2d exhibited potent cytotoxicity with the IC50 values of 5.47-, 11.92-, 4.55-, 7.63- and 7.94 μg/ml, respectively. In addition, compounds 1c and 2d displayed mild to moderate zone of inhibition (8-12 mm). On the other hand, 1a and 1b showed very mild antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 12.25 × 103 μg/ml and 87.33 ×103 μg/ml. Among all the derivatives, 2c, 2d and 1c can be potential candidates for designing new analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer agents in future.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 95-102, 2021 (June)
Phytochemical Analysis, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Mucuna pruriens Leaves
Authors: Ferdous Shifat E , Rahman Mamunur , Ahmed Firoj , Muhit Md Abdul
Published: June 2021

Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume native to Africa, India and Bangladesh and is widely cultivated in tropical countries. In this study, a crude methanolic extract of the leaves of M. pruriens was investigated for its chemical constituents and to explore the phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities using established protocols. From the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the crude methanol extract, three known compounds namely ferulic acid (1), 2-(5-methoxy-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-N-ethylethanamine (2) and stizolamine (3) were isolated and their structures were elucidated by the analysis of NMR spectral data. The crude extract was found to possess phenolic content of 216.16 μg/g whereas the concentration of flavonoid was found to 214.8 μg/g expressed in quercetin standard. Free radicals generated through DPPH were neutralized by crude methanolic extract and the IC50 value was obtained as 19.63 μg/ml. Regression analysis during brine shrimp lethality test enumerated LC50 value of crude methanolic extract at 10.72 μg/ml and was significant compared to the positive standard. The crude methanolic extract of leaf of M. pruriens did not show any significant antimicrobial activity against the organisms used in our test.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 103-109, 2021 (June)
In vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Pharmacological Potential of Lasia spinosa Linn.
Authors: Chowdhury Piyali , Mohammed Ibrahim - , Shahadat Sarrin , Kuddus Md Ruhul , Rashid Mohammad A
Published: June 2021

Lasia spinosa Linn. (Family: Araceae) is an important medicinal plant, which is traditionally used for treatment of different human ailments. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the in vitro thrombolytic, antiinflammatory and in vivo analgesic and hypoglycemic potentials of n-hexane, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions of methanol extract of L. spinosa whole plant. Additionally, phytochemical screening was carried out by qualitative tests, which confirmed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, tannins, saponin in this plant. During in vitro thrombolytic assay, the aqueous fraction at a dose of 500 μg/100 μl showed the maximum 33.15% lysis of the blood clot, as compared to the standard streptokinase (80.10%). The in vitro anti-inflammatory test was performed by inhibition of egg albumin denaturation assay and RBC membrane stabilization method. The chloroform fraction exhibited maximum anti-inflammatory potential by inhibiting 51.53% denaturation of albumin and by inhibiting 54.8% hemolysis of RBC membrane against hypotonic solution. Analgesic activity was evaluated by tail immersion method for central mechanism and by formalin-induced lick test for peripheral mechanism in mice. In tail immersion method, all the solvent fractions of L. spinosa at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight exhibited a significant (p<0.05) elongation in pain reaction time. In peripheral analgesic activity test, the chloroform fraction at a dose of 500 mg/kg body weight inhibited a maximum of 35.44% licking response induced by formalin, as compared to the standard aspirin (53.22%). In the hypoglycemic activity test, all the fractions showed a moderate effect in reducing the blood glucose level in mice treated with 10% glucose. In conclusion, the plant L. spinosa can be considered as a promising source of bioactive compounds for the development of new phytomedicine.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 111-119, 2021 (June)
Development and Characterization of a Combination Tablet Dosage Form Containing Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin Using Design of Experiments (DoE) Approach
Authors: Islam Md Anisul , Alam Md Mahbubul , Sikdar KM Yasif Kayes , Hossain ASM Monjur Al , Rouf Abu Shara Shamsur
Published: June 2021

Worldwide more than 180 million people get infected by chronic Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) and around 700,000 people pass away every year due to HCV related problems. Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin are prescribed as combined medication for the management of HCV infection globally. Therefore, optimization of a pharmaceutical dosage form containing Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin can open a new hope in the treatment of HCV infection. This study was conducted by using the Design of Experiments (DoE) approach. It is a systematic process aiming to determine the correlation between formulation factors affecting the approach and the output of the approach. During the development of formulations, two factors were considered, which are Croscarmellose Sodium (CCS) and Povidone K30 (PK30) at different concentrations ranging from 0.19% to 2.31% of the total tablet weight in 9 different formulations. Their effect on disintegration time (DT) was evaluated through statistical method and it was found between 3±0.003 and 6.5±0.015 minutes. The use of these two different disintegrants exhibited a significant effect on DT. The contour plot showed predicted ranges of concentrations of CCS and PK30 for desired DT. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) data, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) and X-ray Diffractometry (XRD) spectrums confirmed that there was no interaction between Sofosbuvir and Ribavirin or with any other excipients used in this experiment.

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 121-133, 2021 (June)
Biological Investigations of the Whole Plant of Argemone mexicana (L.)
Authors: Chaity Farjana Rahman , Rashid Mohammad A , Rahman Mohammad Sharifur
Published: June 2021

Abstract not available

Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 20(1): 135-138, 2021 (June)
Studi Deskriptif Fungsi Ekstrakulikuler Seni Tari Bagi Siswa SD Negeri 01 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Stevani Ade , Anggraini Dwi , Resnani Resnani
Published: June 2021

This study aims to describe the fuction of extracurricular art of dance for students of SD Negeri 01 Kota Bengkulu. Type of qualitative research and descriptive naturalistic research method.the subject of this research is the extracurricular coach of dance art and the student of extracurricular activities of dance art. Data collection techniques use observation, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis is done by data reduction, data presentation (data display), data verification(coclusion drawing/verification) and withdrawal of conclusion (verification data). Testing the validity of the data using persistence of observation, membercheck and triangulation. The result of the research show the extracurricular function of dance which includes 1) development fuction, 2) sosialfuction, 3) rekreativefuction, the three fuctions have been done, but there are some indicators in the function of extracurricular art of dance that has not been done, that is development function in indicator the formation in indicator the formation of the character of discipline. In this indicator the formation of the character of students who follow extracurricular activities of dance art came too late because before the extracurricularschedule of dance art there are students who are still in the canteen and rest. Therefore, there should be a break between classroom hygiene activities and extracurricular activities of dance, so that the indicators of character building discipline are done.
Hubungan Pemahaman Gaya Bahasa dalam Cerita Rakyat terhadap Minat Baca Siswa Kelas V Sekoah Dasar Negeri 17 Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Ibnu Prayitno Nanang Muttaqin , Muktadir Abdul , Gunawan Ansyori
Published: June 2021

The aims in this study to determines the correlation between understanding of folklore language style against reading interest on the V grade students in SDN 17 Bengkulu city. Research method using correlational with quantitative. The population are 46 people located in SDN 17 bengkulu city. The sampling technique used saturated side (census. Questionnaire and data is a data collection technique with a questionnaire for assessing reading interest in the home of 20 item statements while the test for understanding the style with 5 questions that serve as benchmark. Data analysis techniques use the correlation statistics "Product Moment". The results showed that there is a correlation between understanding the style of language in folklore against reading interest. It is proved by rcount = 0,600 bigger than rtable that is 0,355 with significant level 5%. Thus, the hypothesis is proved and accepted. It’s means that reading foklore, making someone will increase interest reading, then someone will understand the style of Language by it self.