bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Design of Codebook for Hybrid Precoding in Millimeter-Wave Massive MIMO Systems
Authors: Liu Gang , Deng Honggui , Yang Kai , Zhu Zaoxing , Liu Jitai , Dong Hu
Published: April 2021

The precoding scheme based on codebooks is used to save the same set of codebook in advance at the transmitter and the receiver, then, the receiver selects the most appropriate precoding matrix from codebooks according to different channel state information (CSI). Therefore, the design of codebook plays an important role in the performance of the whole scheme. The symmetry-based hybrid precoder and combiner is a highly energy efficient structure in the millimeter-wave massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) system, but at the same time, it also has the problems of high bit error rate and low spectral efficiency. In order to improve the spectral efficiency, we formulate the codebook design as a joint optimization problem and propose an iteration algorithm to obtain the enhanced codebook by combining the compressive sampling matching pursuit (CoSaMP) algorithm with the dictionary learning algorithm. In order to prove the validity of the proposed algorithm, we simulate and analyze the change of the spectral efficiency of the algorithm with the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and the number of radio frequency (RF) chains of different precoding schemes. The simulation results demonstrate that the spectral efficiency of the algorithm is obviously outstanding compared with that of the OMP-based joint codebook algorithm and the hybrid precoding algorithm with quantization algorithm under low SNR and different numbers of RF chains. Particularly, when SNR is lower than 0 dB, the proposed algorithm performs very close to the optimal unconstrained precoding algorithm.
Structural Behavior of Prefabricated Ecological Grid Retaining Walls and Application in a Highway in China
Authors: Wang Xinquan , Zhu Cong , Diao Hongguo , Ning Yingjie
Published: April 2021

The retaining wall is a common slope protection structure. To tackle the current lack of sustainable and highly prefabricated retaining walls, an environmentally friendly prefabricated ecological grid retaining wall with high construction efficiency has been developed. Due to the asymmetrical condition of the project considered in this paper, the designed prefabricated ecological grid retaining wall was divided into the excavation section and the filling section. By utilizing the ABAQUS finite element software, the stress and deformation characteristics of the retaining wall columns, soil, anchor rods, and inclined shelves in an excavation section, and the force and deformation relationships of the columns, rivets, and inclined shelves in three working conditions in a filling section were studied. The study results imply that the anchor rods may affect the columns in the excavation section and the stress at the column back changes in an M-shape with height. Moreover, the peak appears at the contact point between the column and the anchor rod. The displacement of the column increases slowly along with the height, and the column rotates at its bottom. In the excavation section, the stress of the anchor rod undergoes a change at the junction of the structure. The inclined shelf is an open structure and is very different from the retaining plate structure of traditional pile-slab retaining walls. Its stress distribution follows a repeated U-shaped curve, which is inconsistent with the trend of the traditional soil arching effect between piles, which increases first and then decreases. For the retaining wall structure in the filling section, the numerical simulated vehicle load gives essentially consistent results with the effects of the equivalent filling on the concrete column.
Human Leukemia T-Cell Lines as Alternatives to Animal Use for Detecting Biologically Active Staphylococcal Enterotoxin Type B
Authors: Rasooly Reuven , Do Paula , He Xiaohua , Hernlem Bradley
Published: April 2021

Staphylococcal enterotoxin type B (SEB) is associated with food poisoning. Current methods for the detection of biologically active SEB rely upon its ability to cause emesis when administered to live kittens or monkeys. This technique suffers from poor reproducibility and low sensitivity and is ethically disfavored over concerns for the welfare of laboratory animals. The data presented here show the first successful implementation of an alternative method to live animal testing that utilizes SEB super-antigenic activity to induce cytokine production for specific novel cell-based assays for quantifiable detection of active SEB. Rather than using or sacrificing live animals, we found that SEB can bind to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules on Raji B-cells. We presented this SEB–MHC class II complex to specific Vβ5.3 regions of the human T-cell line HPB-ALL, which led to a dose-dependent secretion of IL-2 that is capable of being quantified and can further detect 10 pg/mL of SEB. This new assay is 100,000 times more sensitive than the ex vivo murine splenocyte method that achieved a detection limit of 1 µg/mL. The data presented here also demonstrate that SEB induced proliferation in a dose-dependent manner for cells obtained by three different selection methods: by splenocyte cells containing 22% of CD4+ T-cells, by CD4+ T-cells enriched to >90% purity by negative selection methods, and by CD4+ T-cells enriched to >95% purity by positive selection methods. The highly enriched and positively isolated CD4+ T-cells with the lowest concentration of antigen-presenting cells (APC) (below 5%) provided higher cell proliferation than the splenocyte cells containing the highest concentration of APC cells.
Post-Editorial of “Universe: 5th Anniversary” Special Volume
Authors: Iorio Lorenzo
Published: April 2021

As the Editor-in-Chief of Universe since its inception in 2015, it is a pleasure and an honor for me to introduce this commemorative Special Issue “Universe: 5th Anniversary” for the journal’s first five years of life [...]
HIV-1 Entry and Membrane Fusion Inhibitors
Authors: Xiao Tianshu , Cai Yongfei , Chen Bing
Published: April 2021

HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) infection begins with the attachment of the virion to a host cell by its envelope glycoprotein (Env), which subsequently induces fusion of viral and cell membranes to allow viral entry. Upon binding to primary receptor CD4 and coreceptor (e.g., chemokine receptor CCR5 or CXCR4), Env undergoes large conformational changes and unleashes its fusogenic potential to drive the membrane fusion. The structural biology of HIV-1 Env and its complexes with the cellular receptors not only has advanced our knowledge of the molecular mechanism of how HIV-1 enters the host cells but also provided a structural basis for the rational design of fusion inhibitors as potential antiviral therapeutics. In this review, we summarize our latest understanding of the HIV-1 membrane fusion process and discuss related therapeutic strategies to block viral entry.
Genetic Diversity of Rice stripe necrosis virus and New Insights into Evolution of the Genus Benyvirus
Authors: Bagayoko Issiaka , Celli Marcos Giovanni , Romay Gustavo , Poulicard Nils , Pinel-Galzi Agnès , Julian Charlotte , Filloux Denis , Roumagnac Philippe , Sérémé Drissa , Bragard Claude , Hébrard Eugénie
Published: April 2021

The rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) has been reported to infect rice in several countries in Africa and South America, but limited genomic data are currently publicly available. Here, eleven RSNV genomes were entirely sequenced, including the first corpus of RSNV genomes of African isolates. The genetic variability was differently distributed along the two genomic segments. The segment RNA1, within which clusters of polymorphisms were identified, showed a higher nucleotidic variability than did the beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) RNA1 segment. The diversity patterns of both viruses were similar in the RNA2 segment, except for an in-frame insertion of 243 nucleotides located in the RSNV tgbp1 gene. Recombination events were detected into RNA1 and RNA2 segments, in particular in the two most divergent RSNV isolates from Colombia and Sierra Leone. In contrast to BNYVV, the RSNV molecular diversity had a geographical structure with two main RSNV lineages distributed in America and in Africa. Our data on the genetic diversity of RSNV revealed unexpected differences with BNYVV suggesting a complex evolutionary history of the genus Benyvirus.
Three Strains of Tobacco etch virus Distinctly Alter the Transcriptome of Apical Stem Tissue in Capsicum annuum during Infection
Authors: Murphy John F. , Hallmark H. Tucker , Ramaraj Thiruvarangan , Sundararajan Anitha , Schilkey Faye , Rashotte Aaron M.
Published: April 2021

Tobacco etch virus (TEV; genus Potyvirus) is flexuous rod shaped with a single molecule of single-stranded RNA and causes serious yield losses in species in the Solanaceae. Three TEV strains (HAT, Mex21, and N) are genetically distinct and cause different disease symptoms in plants. Here, a transcriptomic RNA sequencing approach was taken for each TEV strain to evaluate gene expression of the apical stem segment of pepper plants during two stages of disease development. Distinct profiles of Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) were identified for each TEV strain. DEG numbers increased with degree of symptom severity: 24 from HAT, 1190 from Mex21, and 4010 from N. At 7 days post-inoculation (dpi), when systemic symptoms were similar, there were few DEGs for HAT- and Mex21-infected plants, whereas N-infected plants had 2516 DEGs. DEG patterns from 7 to 14 dpi corresponded to severity of disease symptoms: milder disease with smaller DEG changes for HAT and Mex21 and severe disease with larger DEG changes for N. Strikingly, in each of these comparisons, there are very few overlapping DEGs among the TEV strains, including no overlapping DEGs between all three strains at 7 or 14 dpi.
A Novel Immunofluorescence Assay for the Rapid Serological Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Infection
Authors: Nguyen Dung , Skelly Donal , Goonawardane Niluka
Published: April 2021

As of April 2021, the COVID-19 pandemic has swept through 213 countries and infected more than 132 million individuals globally, posing an unprecedented threat to human health. There are currently no specific antiviral treatments for COVID-19 and vaccination programmes, whilst promising, remain in their infancy. A key to restricting the pandemic is the ability to minimize human–human transmission and to predict the infection status of the population in the face of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants. Success in this area is dependent on the rapid detection of COVID-19 positive individuals with current/previous SARS-CoV-2 infection status. In this regard, the ability to detect antibodies directed against the SARS-CoV-Spike protein in patient sera represents a powerful biomarker for confirmation of infection. Here, we report the design of a proof-of-concept cell–based fluorescent serology assay (termed C19-S-I-IFA) to detect SARS-CoV-2 infection. The assay is based on the capture of IgG antibodies in the serum of COVID-19-positive patients using cells exogenously expressing SARS-CoV-2-Spike and their subsequent fluorescent detection. We validate the assay in 30 blood samples collected in Oxford, UK, in 2020 during the height of the pandemic. Importantly, the assay can be modified to express emerging Spike-variants to permit assessments of the cross-reactivity of patient sera to emerging SARS-CoV-2 strains.
Host Factors That Control Mosquito-Borne Viral Infections in Humans and Their Vector
Authors: Trammell Chasity E. , Goodman Alan G.
Published: April 2021

Mosquito-borne viral infections are responsible for a significant degree of morbidity and mortality across the globe due to the severe diseases these infections cause, and they continue to increase each year. These viruses are dependent on the mosquito vector as the primary means of transmission to new vertebrate hosts including avian, livestock, and human populations. Due to the dynamic host environments that mosquito-borne viruses pass through as they are transmitted between vector and vertebrate hosts, there are various host factors that control the response to infection over the course of the pathogen’s life cycle. In this review, we discuss these host factors that are present in either vector or vertebrate models during infection, how they vary or are conserved between hosts, and their implications in future research pertaining to disease prevention and treatment.
Salmonella Gallinarum in Small-Scale Commercial Layer Flocks: Occurrence, Molecular Diversity and Antibiogram
Authors: Haque A. K. M. Ziaul , Akter Mir Rowshan , Islam SK Shaheenur , Alam Jahangir , Neogi Sucharit Basu , Yamasaki Shinji , Kabir S. M. Lutful
Published: April 2021

Salmonella Gallinarum is one of the most important bacterial pathogens associated with diminished egg production in poultry. The aim of this study was to understand the occurrence, molecular traits and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Gallinarum strains isolated from small-scale commercial layer flocks with low level biosecurity standards in Bangladesh. A total of 765 samples, including cloacal swabs (535), visceral organs (50), and droppings (180), were collected from chickens of 12 layer flocks in 11 districts. Salmonella Gallinarum was isolated and characterized through culture-based method, followed by biochemical tests, sero-grouping, PCR assays, sequencing, and antibiogram. The identity of biochemically detected isolates of Salmonella Gallinarum was confirmed via genus-specific 16S rRNA gene based PCR, followed by invA and spvC genes based PCR assays. Occurrence of Salmonella Gallinarum was detected in overall 25.75% (197/765) samples, with a significantly (p < 0.05) higher incidence in visceral organs (42%) in comparison to cloacal swab (24%) and droppings (26%). Sequencing and subsequent phylogenetic analysis of invA and spvC genes in representative strains of Salmonella Gallinarum revealed a close genetic lineage, with a sequence similarity of 98.05–99.21% and 97.51–99.45%, respectively, to previously published sequences of the corresponding genes from the same serogroup strains. Remarkably, 66.5% (131/197) of the isolated strains of Salmonella Gallinarum were found to be resistant to 3 to 6 antimicrobial agents, and interpreted as multidrug resistant (MDR). The findings of this study underscore an inherent need of appropriate control measures to curb the widespread incidence of MDR Salmonella Gallinarum in small-scale commercial layer flocks, thereby, facilitating enhanced egg production and further support to the food security and safety in low resource settings.
Who Is Liable When a Driverless Car Crashes?
Authors: Uzair Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) will revolutionize mobility in the future. However, accidents will still happen and it will affect the practices of today’s tort laws. This work discusses all those aspects which should be considered in order to find out who is liable, i.e., an operator, owner, manufacturer, government entity, software provider, network provider, original equipment manufacturer (OEM), etc., as traditional tort rules will not help to find out the liability in case of an AV accident. The work comprehensively discusses different liabilities ranging from legal, civil, operator, criminal, moral, product, insurance, etc., to find out who is liable in case of an AV accident, as compared to the existing literature which generally discusses one or two aspects only. The work also presents the current state of legislation and discusses legal challenges to the lawmakers, insurance companies, consumer, and manufacturers, etc. The future mobility models and different scenarios of AV accidents have also been discussed in terms of legal liability and third party insurance claims. The role of regulatory bodies and different challenges has also been discussed along with recommendations. Finally, the work also proposes a new novel liability attribute model with a particular focus on ethical issues. The research proposes that liability should be attributed in such a way that it benefits everyone and everybody feels justified in case of an AV accident. The research also concludes that product liability will be the major issue in terms of insurance issues and the manufacturer should be held liable for product failure unless other evidence favors the manufacturer.
Non-Chernozem land: problems and ways of rational use
Authors: Polunin G. A. , Alakoz V V.
Published: April 2021

The results of scientifi c research on the state of agricultural land use in the subjects of the Russian Federation included in the Non-Chernozem Economic Zone of the European part of the country are considered in this article. The paper consists of data on distribution of currently unused arable land; the area of land plots in common shared ownership, the boundaries of which are not available in the Real Estate Cadastre; information about especially valuable productive agricultural land; economic prerequisites for the use of land by agricultural producers on the basis of lease or ownership, as well as changes over the past fi ve years in sown areas, the productivity of arable land in farms of all categories, data on the level of profi tability of agricultural organizations, unprofi table agricultural organizations etc.
Creation of geo-information basis for land cadaster by mapping method
Authors: Yarmolenko A.S. , Pisetckaya O.N. , Nikitina O.A.
Published: April 2021

The technology of the mapping method for creation of a geo-information basis of cadastral registration using Microsoft Office and AutoCad has been developed by the authors. The technology includes the introduction of the original land and linking the raster tablets to the contour of the original land in AutoCad. The first question is solved by using the Polygon software according to Excel data and copying from the original drawing from AutoCad. The methods are implemented by a wide range of Excel features, which are important in the cadastral engineer's practice. The second issue – linking the raster tablets to the contour of the original land - is implemented by the introduction of the original land on the screen, the insertion of the raster image, the graphic binding of the tablet's raster at identical points, and setting the raster trying to save maximum information on the plan.
The formation stages of information model of geo-objects
Authors: Bikbulatova G. G. , Kupreeva E. N.
Published: April 2021

The article discusses the stages of the formation of an information model of geospatial data using Autodesk Civil 3D. The peculiarity of the work and its practical signifi cance is based on the preparation of an information model of geo-objects in a computer design system in contrast to geographic information systems. The results of such models are more adapted for further use in geodetic support of various production processes.
Effectiveness of geographic information systems in land management and cadastres
Authors: Khabarova I. A. , Khabarov D. A.
Published: April 2021

In the article, the authors consider the effectiveness of geographic information systems in the field of land management and cadastres. The authors also analyzed the basic set of functions implemented in GIS.
Creation of geo-information basis for land registry by mapping method (Part II)
Authors: Yarmolenko A. S. , Pisetckaya O. N. , Putintseva N. Y.
Published: April 2021

The article describes the creation of a geo-information basis for cadastral registration of land plots using the cartometric method for development of the technology of the cartometric method by Microsoft Office and AutoCad tools.
Land management international integration — new approaches and prospects
Authors: Volkov S. N. , Shapovalov D. A. , Nilipovskiy V. I.
Published: April 2021

This article analyzes the main problems of implementing programs for integrating efforts of the CIS countries in the fi eld of land management. The role of modern land administration in realization of the tasks of effective land resources management at the international level in the era of “big challenges” is shown in this paper. The authors considered the possibilities of CIS educational institutions in solving issues of geoinformation support of agro-industrial complex. New approaches and digital land management technologies that provide a signifi cant (up to 30%) increase in land use effi ciency are proposed here as well. The article notes necessity of new staff preparation in the branch in the context of digitalization based on the integration of human resource and potential of CIS educational institutions.
Geodetic support of real estate cadaster and improvement of cadastral activities
Authors: Alakoz V. V.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the problems of geodetic support of real estate cadaster. The civilized cadaster of land plots and other real estate objects is the main tool for land administration and regulation of land relations. The main signs of its "civilization" are ease of access to cadastral records and cadastral information, completeness and relevance of information about all legally used land plots and other real estate objects. The level of the modern Cadaster development is used to judge the development of society in whole.
METAMORPHOSES OF THE SPACE OF DEATH IN I. FRANKO’S PROSE
Authors: MATVIEIEVA T.
Published: April 2021

The paper proposes a new perspective on the study of I. Franko’s prose works of a wide genre range: the metamorphosis of the space of death as a reflection of the transformations of the psycho-emotional sphere of characters/ The real and imaginary, closed and “endless” spaces of death were identified, their structure, defined as a two-projection, namely, spatial and personal, was analysed. In the collection of “prison short stories”, the method of the paradox is also structured and implemented in the work according to the principle of mirroring: a prison emerges at the same time as a world in itself and a reduced copy of the out-of-prison world. The paper proves the pattern of use for the artistic representation of the death space of the method of gradation – downward potion (from large to smaller locations – prison – annex – carriage – grave) and the ascending when it comes to the possibility of returning from the space of death, recreated with the help of Christian symbols (fish, thorns, water).The conclusion about the parabolic character of I. Franko’s presentation of reality and the person in it is made. The methods of creation of loci are named, they are symbolization, applying of archetypal primers, oppositional character. So, it refers to the symbols of living and dead water, walls, cities, rivers, souls, children; biblical prophecies, parables (the notion of the sin is singled out).A separate aspects of the study is the psycho-emotional states (in particular, agonal) in a border transition situation: stress/apathy, horror/calm. The features of the description of the locations of death are also commented: interior, exterior, various characteristics, symbols, etc.In general, this refers to the transformation into the infernal space of death for most of the characters of the analysed works, either because of the marginality, or because of the subordination to social morality.The only few exceptions are universal parables – examples of the absolute understanding of the meaning of eternal transformation of matter (living/dead and vice versa), spiritual metamorphosis (soul/body –soul/spirit).
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE TRILOGY THE ORESTEIA BY AESCHYLUS AND THE NOVEL CRIME AND PUNISHMENT BY F. DOSTOEVSKY
Authors: TARASOVA N.
Published: April 2021

The article attempts to make a comparative analysis of the trilogy The Oresteia by Aeschylus and the novel Crime and Punishment by F. Dostoevsky. It is noted that comparative studies investigates the historical processes of differentiation and divergence, convergence and unification of literary phenomena, and one of its tasks is the formation – against the background of existing differences and disagreements – of a synthetic image of literature. Moreover, it integrates the knowledge gained in research about literature, its place in culture and in this circle of civilization. Comparative analysis has been found to be based on the study of genetic and contact relationships. The comparisons of Aeschylus’ trilogy The Oresteia and F. Dostoevsky’s novel Crime and Punishment were made at the level of genetic connections and were based on the subdivision of comparative studies, which concentrates various empirical studies on the influences and relationships of individual literatures. The similarity of works in thematic, ideological, problem aspects, partly – in genre is revealed; differences are noted in the portrayal of the characters, stylistic diversity, and structural features.
RECEPTIONS OF ECLESIAST IN THE WORKS OF R. KIPLING AND I. SHOW
Authors: ORLOV O.
Published: April 2021

The article examines the biblical image from Ecclesiastes «Bread upon the Waters», used by R. Kipling and I. Shaw as a title to their works. For the Ukrainian reader, this biblicalism does not evoke strong allusions or associations, which is explained by its spread only in English-speaking countries. This article attempts to analyze the works of English-language writers in view of the functioning of the biblical motif of «letting your bread on the water», the ambiguity of which was used differently, but in both cases the author’s dialogue with the reader gained spiritual meaning. R. Kipling as a master of narrative uses a system of narrators: the narrator-witness and the narrator-participant. Both, according to the classification of W. Schmid, did not acquire «omniscience and ubiquity», so the biblical truth is interpreted in a straight forward manner. Only the author’s strong position – the title of the work and the final phrases of the work, clarify the meaning of the images of water and bread. A comparison of the principle of the author’s vision of R. Kipling and I. Shaw leads to the conclusion of different artistic systems of the authors. For Kipling, the dialogue of the narrators is important, for I. Shaw – the hero’s self-absorption. In I. Shaw’s novel, biblicalism is also stated in the title of the work, but its hidden meaning is divided between the characters depending on their charitable deeds. Teacher Allen Strand’s Confession Diary is an author’s credo, as the call for mercy, for selfless help in spite of circumstances and results, is consistent with the title of the work. Comparison of two works of different writing times, artistic styles and genres prove the ambiguity and complexity of the biblical image, which combined the natural element and the measure of human labor – water and bread.
THE MYTHOMODEL OF THE UNIVERSE IN THE INTERPRETATION OF P. KULISH (STORY «FIRE SNAKE»)
Authors: MATVIEIEVA T.
Published: April 2021

The paper is devoted to insufficiently investigated subject of modern Ukrainian literary criticism – the novelette by P. Kulisha «Fire snake». The purpose of the paper is to outline the features of the world, modeler by the author, using the three-tier structural division of reality scheme tested in the literature.The main attention was focused on the study of the peculiarities of the functioning of the mechanism of simultaneous interaction and reciprocation of the levels of the world model. The following techniques have been identified – gradation, oxymoron, antinomy, mirroring, etc., by them the author builds each of the simulated spaces, namely: the upper world – the heaven as the abode of God; median space – antroposphere; the lover world is the chaos of unholy power.A separate aspect of interests is the specificity of the presentation of the through character of the story – gold – as a dual phenomenon that accumulates binary meanings. Also, it was about folk and philosophical semantics of the meaning – and structure-forming image of the story – a fire snake – the materialized  embodiment of the temptation and the sin.The basic means of creation of characters are analysed: the author’s characteristic, the use of a doubleimage. The semantics of irrational is in the sphere of interest of the author of the paper as well.It was proved that modeled by P. Kulish world is incomplete, deformed by an incorrect understanding of its own existence. In fact, this is a model, the basis of which is the paradox: the man essence ruined by the vanity of humanity destroys the antroposphere, shifts the world axis down into the world of chaos, eventually dehumanizing its own perspective, restructuring the universe on the principle of absolute character of pre-term.
MYTHOPOEIC PARADIGM IN ENGLISH BAROQUE DRAMA (JOHN WEBSTER “THE WHITE DEVIL”)
Authors: ZUYENKO M.
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the mythopoeic analysis of the play of revenge “The White Devil” by John Webster. The historical background of the play is also under examination. The tragedy “White Devil” (1612) is known in the translations by I. Aksenov, T. Potnitseva. The genre of tragedy in the XVII th century reflects the writers’ appeal to the biblical text and its transformation in motives, images, stylistic and generic systems, this tradition is particular important for the baroque writers, the constant feature of the English dramaturgy of the XVIIth century is appeal to the antique mythology and the national cultural heritage.
THE LINGUISTIC PICTURE OF THE WORLD BY V.G. KOROLENKO (BASED ON THE WRITER’S STORIES)
Authors: KOZUB H.
Published: April 2021

The research deals with the concept of «world view». The subject matter of this paper is the Russian language picture of the world presented in the V. G. Korolenko’s stories, or more specifically, the study investigates basic peculiarities of the language picture of the world in two stories by V. G. Korolenko, the «Makar’s Dream» and «Without a Language». The article studies the linguistic worldview of the V. G. Korolenko in the context of the evident changing the realities, which are described in his stories. The author shows how the writer’s worldview changed influenced by the political, historic and cultural events of those days.He shows the Siberian land with its vast expanses, fierce winter, its own unique traditions and laws in the short story «Makar’s Dream». We can clearly see and feel this picture of the world thought the language prism, particularly in its bilingualism, in the lifestyle description, customs, characters of the heroes, etc.Another story «Without a Language» offers us an invaluable opportunity to compare Russian and American language picture of the world. The first one was shown by V. G. Korolenko as the homeland with its well-established, traditional way of life and old religion. And at the same time, the author has depicted America with its specific features, which differs from the Russian language picture of the world. According to his point of view, an American language picture of the world has a range of characteristic that differentiates it from the Russian. It has freedom, civilization, faith, and morals. V. G. Korolenko has skillfully used dialogues, descriptions, analyzes of the main characters, the Ukrainian-Russian bilingualism, foreign language inclusions in Russian speech, etc. In addition to this, some typical structures for both languages were found out which show national identity.It has been appealed to special linguistic methods and techniques, including the comparative historical method for comparing the facts of the modern language and the language of V. G. Korolenko, as well as the comparative method for comparing the Russian, Ukrainian, Yakut and English languages.The paper concludes that language is an integral part of the culture of the people, its basic tool of communication and socialization. It must be noted, that the culture is verbalized in the language. Each language is a unique code, which contains culturally marked information.This study proves the idea of the unbreakable link between language and culture. This is, in our opinion, the main value of the given research.
THE CONCEPT OF UNITED EUROPE IN ITS IDEOLOGICAL VERBALIZATION IN THE EUROPEAN INTEGRATION POLITICAL DISCOURSE
Authors: KRAVCHENKO V.
Published: April 2021

The problem of the present and the future “EUROPE” and the European association is taken under special linguistic research. This paper focuses on the ideology representation with the help of the concept of UNITED EUROPE, which is formed in the European integration political discourse and has a complex structure. The central concept EUROPE that forms the new ideology is being gotten the deep metaphoric comprehension. The analyzed material has proved that this discourse consists of a variety of blocks while the main blocks are “common values”, “European integration” and “enlargement”. The article gives a detailed analysis of universal values on which the new European society is based. The ideology of the UNITED EUROPE and the ways of its linguistic representation in the European integration political discourse were distinguished.
METAPHOR THE MOST COMMON STYLISTIC TECHNIQUE IN CH. BRONTE’S NOVEL “JANE EYRE” AND METHODS OF ITS TRANSLATION INTO THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors: PANIVSKA M.
Published: April 2021

The article is devoted to the study of the metaphor’s concept and the peculiarities of its functioning in the novel by Ch. Bronte “Jane Eyre”. On the example of the translation of this work, such phenomena as the preservation of metaphor, the replacement of metaphor and its omission are considered.It has been found that metaphor is an integral part when writing works of art. It is designed to influence the feelings and experiences of the reader, not leaving him indifferent to the text, as it is the most figurative, colorful and emotionally colored path.The relevance of the study is determined by the importance of the aspect of metaphor translation for translation studies, as well as a comprehensive approach to determining the degree of adequacy of the translation of metaphorical images of the original.
Investigation Of The Relationship Between Pelvic Ring Pain And Interpubic Distance
Authors: TERZİ Elif , KAYA Özgür
Published: April 2021

ABSTRACT

Aims: To show that USG, which is used in routine pregnancy examination, can be useful in the diagnosis of pelvic ring pain.

Methods: In our study, the interpubic distance width was measured with USG in 287 patients who had routine pregnancy control in addition to their normal examinations. Necessary clinical tests were performed by orthopedics and traumatology specialist in order to clarify the diagnosis of pelvic ring pain. The results were noted and IBM SPSS Statistics 20 program was used for evaluations and p
Gallbladder condition in patients with rheumatic fever and acquired valve defects of rheumatic origin
Authors: Strilchuk L. M. , Yatsev Yu. М.
Published: April 2021

Gallbladder (GB) and heart are linked by viscero-visceral reflexes, but little is known about the connections between GB and heart in patients with acute and chronic rheumatic heart disease.

Purpose of the study. To assess the GB condition in patients with acute and chronic rheumatic disease and the difference in structural and functional sonographic parameters of heart in dependence of GB condition.

Materials and methods. We examined 136 patients including 58 patients with active rheumatism (mean age 36,72 ± 3,00 years), 44 patients with chronic rheumatic heart disease (CRHD), who underwent surgical correction of the valvular defect (mean age 54,00 ± 3,69 years), and 34 patients with CHD, who were treated as inpatients withour surgery (mean age 61,48 ± 4,50 years).

Results. Among 136 patients with acute and chronic forms of rheumatic heart disease, GB changes were significantly more common than intact GB (62,5 ± 4,1% vs. 37,5 ± 4,1%, p < 0,05). The incidence of GB disorders was the highest in patients with CRHD, who underwent drug treatment (76,5 ± 7,3% vs. 58,7 ± 6,5% and 50,0 ± 7,5%, both p < 0,05), which were characterized by older age. No significant differences in the incidence of various pathological conditions of GB were revealed between acute and chronic rheumatic heart disease groups. The most common pathological GB changes included signs of cholecystitis, biliary sludge and cholesterosis, cholelithiasis, the least common – GB removal due to cholelithiasis. Patients with biliary autonomic viscero-visceral cardioneuropathy differed from those with intact GB by the thickening of the interventricular septum and posterior wall of the left ventricle, which correlated with the increased duration of inpatient treatment, diastolic hypertension and lower alanine aminotransferase.

Conclusions. In patients with acute and chronic forms of rheumatic heart disease, the GB condition is often changed. These changes affect heart condition, blood pressure and carbohydrate metabolism.
Regulatory support of the healthcare system: according to the results of sociological research
Authors: Sichkoriz O. E.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. Forming of recommendations for improving the legal aspects of health care in modern conditions.

Materials and methods. To achieve the purpose of the research, we used the survey method in the form of a standardized (formalized) interview as the main tool for gathering information.

Results. A significant proportion of respondents believe that the existing regulatory framework in the field of health care only partially meets modern needs and needs significant changes. Regarding the legal framework governing the field of postgraduate education, according to more than half of respondents, it only partially meets the existing present needs and only a third believe that it meets modern requirements.

Conclusion. The current legal framework of the health care sector, due to its imperfection, only partially meets the modern needs of the population of Ukraine and requires significant changes. Among the normative legal acts that regulate the activity of health care bodies and interconnection in the «doctor-patient» system, a number of normative acts need to be improved, in particular: Fundamentals of legislation of Ukraine on health care: Law of Ukraine from 19.11.1992 № 2801-XII. The regulatory framework of postgraduate medical education system also needs to be improved, as it greatly contributes to the successful reform of the medical field as a whole.
Pathogenetic treatment of patients with hypertension depending on the level of sympathоadrenal system activity
Authors: Alypova O. E. , Mochonyi V. O. , Kuznetsova L. P. , Protsenko N. M. , Vasylchenko O. Y.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. Recently, new opportunities to optimize clinical efficacy and tolerability of treatment of patients with essential hypertension appeared. Determination of the indicators of increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in practice could contribute to differentiated treatment of patients with hypertension. Comparative estimation of influence of complex treatment with bisoprolol or amlodipine on the SNS activity parameters in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) of II stage.

Materials and methods. 121 patients (men and women) with documented II stage AH were examined clinically. Concentrations of adrenaline, noradrenaline, dopamine and DOPA in urine were evaluated by spectrochromatography, endotheliumdependent vasodilation was studied using complex rheographic ReoCom Professional (HAI-Medicom, Ukraine). Patients were divided into 2 groups: if concentration of noradrenalin in urine exceeds healthy subjects levels more than on 20% – patients were added to basic treatment (enalapril, atorvastatin, aspirin) bisoprolol, if concentration of noradrenalin in urine exceeds healthy subjects levels less than on 20% – we added amlodipine. Statistic analysis was done on Apache OpenOffice (version 4.1) and PSPP (version 0.7.9).

Results. The study showed that after treatment there was significant decrease of adrenalin, noradrenalin in 1st group . Increase of DOPA levels was higher in 1st group (Δ% = +46,5 [30,0; 55,4]% vs Δ% = +8,8 [–2,1 ; 16,0]%, (p < 0,05).). Trends in daily urinary excretion of adrenaline (–44,8%) and norepinephrine (–33,7%) showed the impact of effective Δ-blocker on the activity of pressor systems. DOPA excretion was increased significantly in both groups which can indirectly indicate hemodynamic load reduction in hypertensive patients. When choosing the individual antihypertensive treatment in patients with arterial hypertension, if excretion of noradrenalin is increased it is rationally to add adjuvant therapy with β-blockers.

Conclusion. The results of our research can be applied into the practice of general practitioner as recommendations for individual selection of antihypertensive treatment depending on the activity of sympathetic nervous system.
Organizational aspects of providing medical care to children with injuries at the regional level
Authors: Lashkul Z. V. , Chemirisov V. V. , Kurochka V. L. , Motovytsya N. Y. , Yarova L. D.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. To study and analyze the trend of injuries among children aged 0-14 years and organizational aspects of providing them with medical care at the regional level.

Material and methods. The research was conducted on the basis of the municipal nonprofit enterprise «Zaporizhzhya Regional Clinical Children’s Hospital» of Zaporizhzhya Regional Council, and was performed as part of a comprehensive research work «Medical and social substantiation of the model of prevention of morbidity and mortality of children and adolescents behavior»(№ state registration: 0118U003679), performed in the State Institution «ZaporozhyeMedical Academy of Postgraduate Education of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine» since 2017. According to the objectives of the study, an analysis of medical histories of patients who were treated in the institution for injuries from 2014–2018.

Research results and their discussion. During the period from 2014 to 2018, 4457 children aged 0 to 14 were treated for injuries and other injuries at the Zaporizhia Regional Clinical Children’s Hospital. The number of injured children during this period tends to increase. It was found that the number of injured among boys is almost twice as high as among girls. The growth trend during the study period, injuries among boys is + 27,1%, among girls it tends to decrease and is -26,1%. The study found significantly more cases of injuries among children in urban areas. Thus, in 2018 they amounted to 82,5%, compared to 17,5% of cases among rural children. It was found that the number of hospitalized children with traffic injuries during the study period increased 5 times. The trend for the study period is +333,3%. The number of children hospitalized due to street injuries has doubled. The study found that the number of appeals during the first hour after the injury in rural areas is 2 times less than in urban areas.

Conclusions. The results of the obtained research became a roadmap for the organization of preventive work at the inter-sectoral level, aimed at preventing the causes of injuries, the organization of timely medical care at the pre-hospital stage.
Surgical treatment of complicated forms of erysipelas
Authors: Vasylevska L. A.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. The goal of the article is to find out the frequency of complicated forms of erysipelas among the general population of the disease and to determine the main directions for their surgical treatment.

Materials and methods. 114 case histories of patients who were hospitalized in the center of purulent-septic surgery of the Non-profit municipal enterprise «City Hospital № 3» in Zaporozhye for the period 2019–2020 were analyzed retrospectively and prospectively.

Results. It was found that most often the focus was localized on the upper and lower extremities. In the complex treatment of patients with surgical forms of erysipelas, the main place belongs to antibiotic therapy (ABT) and early surgical treatment of the area of the pathological process. Determination of the level of procalcitonin in blood serum makes it possible to assess the progression of the inflammatory process and is a sensitive test for the effectiveness of treatment.

Conclusions. The incidence of complicated forms of erysipelas requiring surgery in the general population was 78,9%. Patients with circular erysipelas need the most extensive surgery, when it is necessary to perform an autopsy within the area of inflammation with longitudinal and transverse wavy autopsies throughout the pathological focus. Determination of the level of procalcitonin in blood serum makes it possible to assess the progress of the process and is a sensitive test for the effectiveness of treatment.
Diagnosis and evaluation of criteria for conducting surgical treatment in women with cystocele and stress urinary incontinence
Authors: Lyulko О. O. , Burnaz O. O. , Nikitiuk I. N. , Sagan О. S. , Varvashehia M. V.
Published: April 2021

Purpose of the study. Clarification of absolute and relative criteria for the surgical treatment of pelvic pelvic prolapse (PMT) and stress urinary incontinence (SNA).

Materials and methods. A survey was conducted on 85 patients in whom OST and SNA were detected. The women were divided into groups according to the stage of POMT and SNM: 2nd group – 32 patients with PIDs of stages I and II and SNM 2a, 2b types of lung and moderate severity; Group 3 (main) – 53 patients with MIDI III and IV stages and MSM type 3 moderate and severe severity. This group of patients subsequently undergone operative treatment according to the patent for utility model No. 109201. The main group (3rd group) included: 3a group – 28 women from the OMT III and IV stages and SNM 3rd type of medium and severe severity without delay in urination; 3b group – 25 women with STI III and IV stages and SNM of type 3 of moderate and severe degree of severity with delay of urination (chronic or acute). 15 women were examined without complaints, who entered the control group (1st group).

Results. According to the results of the study, it was recorded that, regardless of the stage of the PMS and SNM, even their minimal manifestations significantly reduced the quality of life of patients (by 64%) due to the impact on the physical, but to a greater extent, on the psychological components of health.

Conclusion. The absolute criterion for operative treatment is a set of prolapse of the pelvic organs (PMTCT), urinary incontinence, vesicularization of the bladder type 2a and above, an increase in the posterior urethro-vascular angle of more than 114 °. Treatment of stress urinary incontinence on the background of OST should necessarily include fixation of the uterine ligation apparatus and surgery on the Berch in connection with significant deformation of the bladder neck.
Features of clinical manifestations of gonarthritis in women with hypertension and overweight
Authors: Fushtey I. M. , Pidlubna A. M.
Published: April 2021

Abstract One of the diseases that is quite common in modern rheumatology and leads to dysfunction of the musculoskeletal system and creates a major medical and social problem, is gonarthrosis. The incidence of degenerative-dystrophic diseases in HA in women is two to four times higher than in men. In order to establish the patterns of clinical manifestations of GA in women with hypertension (GC) and overweight (HB) of the body, on the basis of the rheumatology department of the city KNP «City Hospital №10» ZMR (Zaporozhye), with informed consent, was prospectively examined 198 women for the period 2018–2020. According to the results of the study, a significant (p <0.05) deterioration of clinical symptoms in women with a combined course of HA with GC and HB, relative to the isolated course of HA, on the indicators: pain during active and passive movements and palpation, stiffness, crepitation and swelling of the joints. The correlations between clinical manifestations of HA, arthrosonographic data and BMI have been established. The characteristics of the pain syndrome associated with exercise, impaired mobility and functionality of the joints significantly increased with increasing stage of GA, joining comorbid pathology and increased BMI.