bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: A 3.4 V Layered VOPO4 Cathode for Na‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: He Guang , Kan Wang Hay , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: April 2016

Layered VOPO4 is prepared by chemical delithiation of the tetragonal αl‐LiVOPO4 at 25 °C using NO2BF4 in MeCN.
ChemInform Abstract: Rare‐Earth Tetracyanidoborate Salts — Structural Features and Properties Including Luminescence of [RE(H2O)8] [B(CN)4]3·nH2O and [RE(H2O)7{ϰ1N‐B(CN)4}] [B(CN)4]2 (RE: Y, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu; n ≤ 3).
Authors: Falk Fanni , Hackbarth Liisa , Lochbrunner Stefan , Marciniak Henning , Koeckerling Martin
Published: April 2016

Crystals of two groups of the new title compounds, which differ in their amount of coordinated and crystallized water molecules are obtained after evaporation of the solvent.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Tandem Michael Addition/Oxidation of Pyrazolones with P‐Benzoquinone Catalyzed by Cinchona Alkaloids.
Authors: He Yuli , Bao Xiaoze , Qu Jingping , Wang Baomin
Published: April 2016

15 examples
ChemInform Abstract: The Zeolite ZSM‐5‐SO3H Catalyzed Aza‐Michael Addition of Amines and Sulfonamides to Electron‐Deficient Alkenes under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Douraki Saba Mohammadi , Massah Ahmad Reza
Published: April 2016

The addition of aromatic and aliphatic amines as well as sulfonamides to α,β‐unsaturated esters, ketones, and nitriles under solvent‐free conditions is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Different Modes of Acid‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 4‐(γ‐Oxoalkyl)semicarbazide Hydrazones: 7‐Membered versus 14‐Membered Cyclic Semicarbazones Formation.
Authors: Fesenko Anastasia A. , Shutalev Anatoly D.
Published: April 2016

Acid‐catalyzed cyclization of 4‐(γ‐oxoalkyl)semicarbazide hydrazones is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Cobalt‐Catalyzed Alkylation of Aromatic Amines by Alcohols.
Authors: Roesler Sina , Ertl Michael , Irrgang Torsten , Kempe Rhett
Published: April 2016

A novel cobalt complex (TRC) is prepared and successfully applied as catalyst in the alkylation of aniline (I) and its analogues (IV) and (VI) with primary alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Electronically Matching C—H Alkylation Strategies for the Synthesis of α‐Heteroaryl Acetic Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Jang Ha‐Lim , Kim Hyun Tae , Cho Eun Jin , Joo Jung Min
Published: April 2016

Complementary species are paired for the preparation of α‐heteroaryl esters and amides from heteroarenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Pyridoxal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Biomimetic Transamination of α‐Keto Acids.
Authors: Zhao Baoguo , et al.
Published: April 2016

The preparation of a novel class of chiral pyridoxals is elaborated which display high catalytic activity for the transamination of various aryl and alkyl group‐containing α‐keto acids.
ChemInform Abstract: O‐Benzylation of Carboxylic Acids Using 2,4,6‐Tris(benzyloxy)‐1,3,5‐triazine (TriBOT) under Acidic or Thermal Conditions.
Authors: Yamada Kohei , Yoshida Saki , Fujita Hikaru , Kitamura Masanori , Kunishima Munetaka
Published: April 2016

Various benzyl esters of carboxylic acids are obtained.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes Through Sequential Iron‐Catalyzed Reductive anti‐Carbozincation of Terminal Alkynes and Base‐Metal‐Catalyzed Negishi Cross‐Coupling.
Authors: Cheung Chi Wai , Hu Xile
Published: April 2016

An alternative and general method for the stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Arylation of Alkyl Sulfenate Anions.
Authors: Jia Tiezheng , Zhang Mengnan , Jiang Hui , Wang Carol Y. , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: April 2016

Functionalized alkyl aryl sulfoxides are obtained by palladium‐catalyzed C—S bond formation between in situ generated alkyl sulfenate anions and aryl halides.
ChemInform Abstract: Aromaticity‐Dependent Regioselectivity in Pd(II)‐Catalyzed C—H Direct Arylation of Aryl Ureas.
Authors: Jiang Pingping , Li Feng , Xu Yongbao , Liu Qingwen , Wang Jing , Ding Hong , Yu Renfu , Wang Qifeng
Published: April 2016

Conditions for the arylation of 2‐naphthyl urea with various aryl boronic acids are elaborated, and the reaction proves to proceed meta‐selectively.
ChemInform Abstract: MgBr2‐Promoted Enantioselective Aryl Addition of ArTi(OiPr)3 to Ketones Catalyzed by a Titanium(IV) Catalyst of N,N′‐Sulfonylated (1R,2R)‐Cyclohexane‐1,2‐diamine.
Authors: Shu Chao‐Chi , Zhou Shuangliu , Gau Han‐Mou
Published: April 2016

The title reaction affords desired tertiary alcohols in good yields with good to excellent enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Vitamin K and Related Naphthoquinones via Demethoxycarbonylative Annulations and a Retro‐Wittig Rearrangement.
Authors: Mal Dipakranjan , Ghosh Ketaki , Jana Supriti
Published: April 2016

The new cascade title reaction between 3‐cyano phthalides and α‐substituted acrylates is elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Novel Highly Functionalized Furan‐Based Polyphenolics.
Authors: Sousa Joana L. C. , Talhi Oualid , Rocha Djenisa H. A. , Pinto Diana C. G. A. , Almeida Paz Filipe A. , Bachari Khaldoun , Kirsch Gilbert , Silva Artur M. S.
Published: April 2016

The reaction of 3‐bromochromones (I) with 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds (II) proceeds via DBU‐catalyzed 1,4‐conjugate addition, furan cyclization, and chromanone ring opening to afford desired furan‐based ortho‐phenols (III).
ChemInform Abstract: A One‐Pot Synthesis of Dibenzofurans from 6‐Diazo‐2‐cyclohexenones.
Authors: Zhao Hua , Yang Ke , Zheng Hongyan , Ding Ruichao , Yin Fangjie , Wang Ning , Li Yun , Cheng Bin , Wang Huifei , Zhai Hongbin
Published: April 2016

The novel rapid approach is based on a one‐pot Pd‐catalyzed cross‐coupling/aromatization/Ullmann coupling reaction sequence of 6‐diazo‐2‐cyclohexenones with 2‐haloiodobenzenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of Some New Pyrazole‐Based 2‐Thioxo‐4‐thiazolidinone
Authors: Metwally Nadia Hanafy , El‐Doseky Ibrahim Adel
Published: April 2016

via reaction of readily accessible hydrazine derivative (II) with o‐hydroxyaldehyde, 1,3‐dicarbonyl, enaminone or chalcone derivatives
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Reactions for Synthesis of 2,5‐Substituted Tetrazoles from Aryldiazonium Salts and Amidines.
Authors: Ramanathan Mani , Wang Yu‐Hao , Liu Shiuh‐Tzung
Published: April 2016

The scalable reaction is successfully performed using aryl and alkyl amidines as well as foramidine.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetically Separable Recyclable Nano‐Ferrite Catalyst for the Synthesis of Acridinediones and Their Derivatives under Solvent‐Free Conditions.
Authors: Mahesh Palla , Guruswamy Kolakaluri , Diwakar Bhagavathula Subrahmanya , Devi Bhoomireddy Rama , Murthy Yellajyosula Lakshmi Narasimha , Kollu Pratap , Pammi Sri Venkata Narayan
Published: April 2016

A facile and green protocol for the synthesis of acridinedione derivatives (III) (19 examples) via Fe‐catalyzed condensation of dimedone with aldehydes and NH4OAc is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐f]phenanthridines Through Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular C—C Bond Formation.
Authors: Saini Hitesh Kumar , Dhiman Shiv , Pericherla Kasiviswanadharaju , Kumar Anil
Published: April 2016

The synthesis is based on the multicomponent reaction of 1,2‐dicarbonyl compounds, anilines, aldehydes and ammonium acetate to 2‐(2‐bromoaryl)‐1,4,5‐triaryl‐1H‐imidazoles which are cyclized to the title products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cu/Pd‐Catalyzed C‐2—H Arylation of Quinazolin‐4(3H)‐ones with (Hetero)aryl Halides.
Authors: Godeau Julien , Harari Marine , Laclef Sylvain , Deau Emmanuel , Fruit Corinne , Besson Thierry
Published: April 2016

The regiospecific arylation of N‐3‐substituted quinazolinones with a wide range of aryl or (hetero)aryl halides under microwave irradiation is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid Access to Polyfunctionalized 3,4‐Dihydroquinazolinones Through a Sequential N‐Acyliminium Ion Mannich Reaction Cascade.
Authors: Sawant Rajiv T. , Stevens Marc Y. , Odell Luke R.
Published: April 2016

A metal‐free approach to cyclic β‐amino ketones is achieved by means of microwave‐promoted sequential Mannich reaction between o‐formyl carbamates, amines, and ketones.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Functionalization of 2‐Amino‐6‐chloropurine Derivatives at C‐8 via 8‐Lithiated Species.
Authors: Mahajan Tushar R. , Gundersen Lise‐Lotte
Published: April 2016

The protection of the amino group in 2‐amino‐6‐chloropurines using a THP group allows introduction of a variety of halogen and carbon substituents at the purine 8‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Access to Cyclic Amino Boronates via Rhodium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Alkyl MIDA Boronates.
Authors: St. Denis Jeffrey D. , Lee C. Frank , Yudin Andrei K.
Published: April 2016

Depending on the substitution pattern of the borylated sulfamate ester substrates five or six‐membered heterocycles are formed.
ChemInform Abstract: User‐Friendly Platinum Catalysts for the Highly Stereoselective Hydrosilylation of Alkynes and Alkenes.
Authors: Dierick Steve , Vercruysse Emilie , Berthon‐Gelloz Guillaume , Marko Istvan E.
Published: April 2016

A new generation of outstanding N‐heterocyclic carbene Pt(0) complexes for the hydrosilylation of unsaturated C—C bonds is investigated.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Silylcyclopropanes Through the Catalytic Generation of Zinc Silylcarbenoids from Enynones.
Authors: Mata Sergio , Lopez Luis A. , Vicente Ruben
Published: April 2016

The Zn‐catalyzed reaction of enynones (I) with alkenes (II) leads to silylcyclopropanes (III) with high diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Rapid and Efficient Microwave‐Assisted Hydrophosphinylation of Unactivated Alkenes with H‐Phosphinic Acids Without Added Metal or Radical Initiator
Authors: Troupa Panagiota , Katsiouleri Georgia , Vassiliou Stamatia
Published: April 2016

34 examples
ChemInform Abstract: Further New Xenicanes from a Chinese Collection of the Brown Alga Dictyota plectens.
Authors: Zhao Min , Cheng Shimiao , Yuan Weiping , Dong Jianyong , Huang Kexin , Sun Zhongmin , Yan Pengcheng
Published: April 2016

Four new xenicanes (I)—(III) are isolated along with four known analogues and evaluated for their bioactivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of Novel and Enantiopure Tetrahydropyrano[3,2‐c]quinolines.
Authors: Moshapo Paseka , Kinfe Henok H.
Published: April 2016

Glucoside and galactoside derivatives are used as nucleophiles for the alkylation of various anilines and the thus obtained N‐alkylated compounds serve as substrates for the efficient cyclization to the title products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cytotoxic Linear Acetylenes from a Marine Sponge Pleroma sp.
Authors: Takanashi Emi , Takada Kentaro , Hashimoto Masahiro , Itoh Yoshiyuki , Ise Yuji , Ohtsuka Susumu , Okada Shigeru , Matsunaga Shigeki
Published: April 2016

Bioassay‐guided fractionation of the extract of the rare deep‐sea marine sponge Pleroma sp.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis and Structure Revision of Mirubactin, and Its Iron Binding Activity.
Authors: Kishimoto Shinji , Nishimura Shinichi , Kakeya Hideaki
Published: April 2016

Dechloro‐chlorocatechelin A(I) is synthesized.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Self‐Activated White‐Light‐Emitting Phosphor of Na2TiSiO5 with Two Ti Sites of TiO5 and TiO6.
Authors: Ding Jianyan , Li Yanyan , Wu Quansheng , Long Qiang , Wang Yichao , Wang Yuhua
Published: April 2016

Na2TiSiO5 (NTSO) is prepared by firing stoichiometric amounts of NaOH, TiO2, and SiO2 (Al2O3 crucible, 850 °C, 4 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of a Homogeneous, Integrated, and Compact Film of Organic—Inorganic Hybrid Ni(en)3Ag2I4 with Near‐Infrared Absorbance and Semiconducting Features.
Authors: Chen Tian‐Yu , Shi Lei , Yang Hao , Ren Xiao‐Ming , Xiao Chen , Jin Wanqin
Published: April 2016

The title film is prepared from DMF solutions of KI, AgNO3, Ni(NO3)2, and en by spin‐coating on a functionalized quartz glass followed by heating from ambient temperature to 80 and 100 °C.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Understanding of the Reaction Mechanism of SiO2 Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Fang Guoyong , Xu Lina , Ma Jing , Li Aidong
Published: April 2016

Review: 73 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Comprehensive Review on ZnS: From Synthesis to an Approach on Solar Cell
Authors: Ummartyotin Sarute , Infahsaeng Yingyot
Published: April 2016

Review: 93 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Advances in N‐Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC)‐Catalyzed Benzoin Reactions
Authors: Menon Rajeev S. , Biju Akkattu T. , Nair Vijay
Published: April 2016

Review: [63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Thio)urea‐Mediated Synthesis of Functionalized Six‐Membered Rings with Multiple Chiral Centers
Authors: Koutoulogenis Giorgos , Kaplaneris Nikolaos , Kokotos Christoforos G.
Published: April 2016

Review: [97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Aminoindanol Core as a Key Scaffold in Bifunctional Organocatalysts
Authors: Sonsona Isaac G. , Marques‐Lopez Eugenia , Herrera Raquel P.
Published: April 2016

Review: [59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Ynones and Recent Application in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Reactions
Authors: Whittacker Rachel E. , Dermenci Alpay , Dong Guangbin
Published: April 2016

Review: [78 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Approaches for the Preparation of Optically Active Non‐centrochiral Compounds
Authors: Skrobo Benedikt , Rolfes Julian D. , Deska Jan
Published: April 2016

Review: 126 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Organochalcogen Compounds Using Non‐Conventional Reaction Media
Authors: Perin Gelson , Alves Diego , Jacob Raquel G. , Barcellos Angelita M. , Soares Liane K. , Lenardao Eder J.
Published: April 2016

Review: [270 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Research Progress on the Indirect Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol
Authors: Du Xian‐Long , Jiang Zheng , Su Dang Sheng , Wang Jian‐Qiang
Published: April 2016

Review: [26 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Remarkable Solvent Effect of Fluorinated Alcohols on Transition Metal Catalyzed C—H Functionalizations
Authors: Wencel‐Delord J. , Colobert F.
Published: April 2016

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities of the Genus Gentiana (Gentianaceae)
Authors: Pan Yu , Zhao Yan‐Li , Zhang Ji , Li Wan‐Yi , Wang Yuan‐Zhong
Published: April 2016

Review: [193 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The Chemistry of Heterasumanenes
Authors: Saito Masaichi , Furukawa Shunsuke , Kobayashi Junji , Kawashima Takayuki
Published: April 2016

Review: [synthesis of heterasumanenes, and effects of the heteroatoms on the structures and optical properties; 40 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of N‐Containing Heterocyclic Compounds Using Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Zhou Lei , Lokman Hossain Mohammad , Xiao Tiebo
Published: April 2016

Review: [74 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Molecular Epoxidation Reactions Catalyzed by Rhenium, Molybdenum, and Iron Complexes
Authors: Kueck Jens W. , Reich Robert M. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: April 2016

Review: [89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: (Thio)urea‐Catalyzed Formation of Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Lopez Eugenia Marques , Herrera Raquel P.
Published: April 2016

Review: 182 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chemistry of the Pheromones of Mealybug and Scale Insects
Authors: Zou Yunfan , Millar Jocelyn G.
Published: April 2016

Review: 186 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Approaches for Bridging the Pressure Gap in Photoelectron Microspectroscopy
Authors: Kolmakov Andrei , Gregoratti Luca , Kiskinova Maya , Gunther Sebastian
Published: April 2016

Review: 103 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Origin of Highly Active Metal‐Organic Framework Catalysts: Defects? Defects!
Authors: Canivet J. , Vandichel M. , Farrusseng D.
Published: April 2016

Review: 91 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Three Stories on Eph Kinase Inhibitors: From in silico Discovery to in vivo Validation
Authors: Unzue Andrea , Lafleur Karine , Zhao Hongtao , Zhou Ting , Dong Jing , Kolb Peter , Liebl Johanna , Zahler Stefan , Caflisch Amedeo , Nevado Cristina
Published: April 2016

Review: 97 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Review of the Total Synthesis of (+)‐Lactacystin and Its Analogs
Authors: Malinak David , Gonda Jozef , Korabecny Jan , Dolezal Rafael , Honegr Jan , Soukup Ondrej , Buzga Marek , Kuca Kamil
Published: April 2016

Review: 90 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Natural Curcumene Bisabolane Sesquiterpene: Syntheses and Recent Applications
Authors: Sansinenea Estibaliz , Cabrera Vivas Blanca M. , Ortiz Aurelio
Published: April 2016

Review: 36 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: An Overview of the Modification of g‐C3N4 with High Carbon Containing Materials for Photocatalytic Applications
Authors: Patnaik Sulagna , Martha Satyabadi , Acharya Saumyaprava , Parida K. M.
Published: April 2016

Review: e.g. H2 production and pollutant degradation; 60 refs.
DIFFERENTIATING SOLUTIONS OF A BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM ON A TIME SCALE
Authors: BAXTER LEE H. , LYONS JEFFREY W. , NEUGEBAUER JEFFREY T.
Published: April 2016

We show that the solution of the dynamic boundary value problem $y^{{\rm\Delta}{\rm\Delta}}=f(t,y,y^{{\rm\Delta}})$, $y(t_{1})=y_{1}$, $y(t_{2})=y_{2}$, on a general time scale, may be delta-differentiated with respect to $y_{1},~y_{2},~t_{1}$ and $t_{2}$. By utilising an analogue of a theorem of Peano, we show that the delta derivative of the solution solves the boundary value problem consisting of either the variational equation or its dynamic analogue along with interesting boundary conditions.
BOUNDING THE ORDER OF THE NILPOTENT RESIDUAL OF A FINITE GROUP
Authors: DE ANDRADE AGENOR FREITAS , SHUMYATSKY PAVEL
Published: April 2016

The last term of the lower central series of a finite group $G$ is called the nilpotent residual. It is usually denoted by $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{\infty }(G)$. The lower Fitting series of $G$ is defined by $D_{0}(G)=G$ and $D_{i+1}(G)=\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{\infty }(D_{i}(G))$ for $i=0,1,2,\ldots \,$. These subgroups are generated by so-called coprime commutators $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{k}^{\ast }$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}^{\ast }$ in elements of $G$. More precisely, the set of coprime commutators $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{k}^{\ast }$ generates $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{\infty }(G)$ whenever $k\geq 2$ while the set $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}^{\ast }$ generates $D_{k}(G)$ for $k\geq 0$. The main result of this article is the following theorem: let $m$ be a positive integer and $G$ a finite group. Let $X\subset G$ be either the set of all $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FE}_{k}^{\ast }$-commutators for some fixed $k\geq 2$ or the set of all $\unicode[STIX]{x1D6FF}_{k}^{\ast }$-commutators for some fixed $k\geq 1$. Suppose that the size of $a^{X}$ is at most $m$ for any $a\in G$. Then the order of $\langle X\rangle$ is $(k,m)$-bounded.
ON -ANTIMAGICNESS OF DISCONNECTED GRAPHS
Authors: BAČA MARTIN , MILLER MIRKA , RYAN JOE , SEMANIČOVÁ-FEŇOVČÍKOVÁ ANDREA
Published: April 2016

A simple graph$G=(V,E)$admits an$H$-covering if every edge in$E$belongs to at least one subgraph of$G$isomorphic to a given graph$H$. Then the graph$G$is$(a,d)$-$H$-antimagic if there exists a bijection$f:V\cup E\rightarrow \{1,2,\ldots ,|V|+|E|\}$such that, for all subgraphs$H^{\prime }$of$G$isomorphic to$H$, the$H^{\prime }$-weights,$wt_{f}(H^{\prime })=\sum _{v\in V(H^{\prime })}f(v)+\sum _{e\in E(H^{\prime })}f(e)$, form an arithmetic progression with the initial term$a$and the common difference$d$. When$f(V)=\{1,2,\ldots ,|V|\}$, then$G$is said to be super$(a,d)$-$H$-antimagic. In this paper, we study super$(a,d)$-$H$-antimagic labellings of a disjoint union of graphs for$d=|E(H)|-|V(H)|$.
Virulence gene profiles inStaphylococcus aureusisolated from cows with subclinical mastitis in eastern Poland
Authors: Kot Barbara , Szweda Piotr , Frankowska-Maciejewska Aneta , Piechota Małgorzata , Wolska Katarzyna
Published: April 2016

Staphylococcus aureusis arguably the most important pathogen involved in bovine mastitis. The aim of this study was to determine the virulence gene profiles of 124Staph. aureusisolates from subclinical mastitis in cows in eastern Poland. The presence of 30 virulence genes encoding adhesins, proteases and superantigenic toxins was investigated by PCR. The 17 different combinations of adhesin genes were identified. Occurrence ofeno(91·1%) andfib(82·3%) genes was found to be common. The frequency of other adhesion genesfnbA, fnbB, ebpswere 14·5, 50, 25%, respectively, and forcnaandbbpwere 1·6%. TheetAandetDgenes, encoding exfoliative toxins, were present in genomes of 5·6 and 8·9% isolates, respectively. ThesplAandsspA, encoding serine protease, were detected in above 90% isolates. The most frequent enterotoxin genes weresei(21%),sem(19·4%),sen(19·4%),seg(18·5%) andseo(13·7%). Thetstgene was harboured by 2·4% isolates. The 19 combinations of the superantigenic toxin genes were obtained and found in 35·5% of isolates. Three of them (seg, sei, sem, sen, seo; sec, seg, sei, sem, sen, seoandseg, sei, sem, sen) were the most frequent and found in 16·1% of the isolates. The most common virulotype, present in 17·7% of the isolates, wasfib, eno, fnbB, splA, splE, sspA. The results indicate the variation in the presence of virulence genes inStaph. aureusisolates and considerable diversity of isolates that are able to cause mastitis in cows.
Rumen-protected methionine and lysine: effects on milk production and plasma amino acids of dairy cows with reference to metabolisable protein status
Authors: Awawdeh Mofleh S
Published: April 2016

Two experiments were conducted to study the effects of rumen-protected Met (RPM) alone or with rumen-protected Lys (RPL) on milk yield and plasma amino acids of dairy cows. In experiment 1, 24 multiparous Holstein cows (154 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 30 g/d of RPM (M), or 30 g/d of RPM plus 25 g of RPL (ML). The study lasted for 8 weeks where milk yield and composition were determined weekly. Daily milk yield averaged 28·0, 27·8, and 29·7 kg/cow for the C, M, and ML groups, respectively. Dietary treatments had no effects (P ≥ 0·54) on milk contents of fat, lactose, solid non-fat or total solids. Milk protein content in the ML group was greater (P < 0·05) than the C and M groups. Plasma levels of all AA were not significantly (P ≥ 0·09) affected by supplemental RPL and/or RPM. In experiment 2, 30 multiparous Holstein cows (100 DIM) were assigned to one of 3 groups where each cow received 0 g/d of RPM and RPL (C), 50 g/d of RPM (M), or 50 g/d of RPM plus 25 g/d of RPL (ML). The study lasted for 5 weeks. Cows in the M (30·5 kg) and ML (31·4 kg) groups produced (P < 0·05) more milk than those of the C group (29·1 kg). Under conditions of this study, RPM plus RPL improved milk yield and protein contents of dairy cows and was better than supplying RPM alone. Response in milk yield to RPM and RPL was affected by the MP status of cows which deserves further investigation.
Milk fat globule is an alternative to mammary epithelial cells for gene expression analysis in buffalo
Authors: Chen Qiuming , Wu Yanjun , Zhang Mingyuan , Xu Wenwen , Guo Xiaoping , Yan Xueyu , Deng Haiying , Jiang Qinyang , Yang Xiurong , Lan Ganqiu , Guo Yafen , Qin Guangsheng , Jiang Hesheng
Published: April 2016

Owing to the difficulty in obtaining mammary gland tissue from lactating animals, it is difficult to test the expression levels of genes in mammary gland. The aim of the current study was to identify if milk fat globule (MFG) in buffalo milk was an alternative to mammary gland (MG) and milk somatic cell (MSC) for gene expression analysis. Six buffalos in late lactation were selected to collect MFG and MSC, and then MG was obtained by surgery. MFG was stained with acridine orange to successfully visualise RNA and several cytoplasmic crescents in MFG. The total RNA in MFG was successfully isolated and the integrity was assessed by agarose gel electrophoresis. We analysed the cellular components in MFG, MG and MSC through testing the expression of cell-specific genes by qRT-PCR. The results showed that adipocyte-specific gene (AdipoQ) and leucocyte-specific genes (CD43, CSF1 and IL1α) in MFG were not detected, whereas epithelial cell marker genes (Keratin 8 and Keratin 18) in MFG were higher than in MSC and lower than in MG, fibroblast marker gene (vimentin) in MFG was significantly lower than in MG and MSC, milk protein genes (LALBA, BLG and CSN2) and milk fat synthesis-related genes (ACC, BTN1A1, FABP3 and FAS) in MFG were higher than in MG and MSC. In conclusion, the total RNA in MFG mainly derives from mammary epithelial cells and can be used to study the functional gene expression of mammary epithelial cells.
Characteristics and consequences of medical care interruptions in HIV-infected patients in France
Authors: CUZIN L. , DELLAMONICA P. , YAZDANPANAH Y. , BOUCHEZ S. , REY D. , HOEN B. , CABIÉ A. ,   for the Dat'AIDS Study Group
Published: April 2016

To describe the consequences of medical care interruptions (MCIs) we selected patients with at least two medical encounters between January 2006 and June 2013 in the Dat'AIDS cohort. Patients with any time interval >15 months between two visits were defined as having a MCI, as opposed to uninterrupted follow-up (UFU). Patients’ characteristics at the time of HIV diagnosis and at the censoring date were compared between groups. Cox proportional hazards models were built to assess the role of interruptions on survival (total and AIDS-free). Of 11 116 patients, 824 had at least one MCI. These patients were younger at the time of HIV diagnosis (30vs. 33 years,P< 0·0001). MCI was less frequent in men having sex with menvs.heterosexual patients [odds ratio (OR) 0·81, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·69–0·96)], and a centre effect was described. MCI was independently associated with AIDS (OR 2·54, 95% CI 2·10–3·09) and death (OR 2·65, 95% CI 1·94–3·61). At the censoring date, 52·2% of patients with at least one MCI had viral load below detectionvs.85·3% of the UFU group (P< 0·0001). In conclusion, MCIs were associated with patients’ survival and with the proportion of viral loads below detection in our cohort, compromising individual and collective treatment benefits.
Early suppression effect in human primary visual cortex during Kanizsa illusion processing: A magnetoencephalographic evidence
Authors: CHERNYSHEV BORIS V. , PRONKO PLATON K. , STROGANOVA TATIANA A.
Published: April 2016

Detection of illusory contours (ICs) such as Kanizsa figures is known to depend primarily upon the lateral occipital complex. Yet there is no universal agreement on the role of the primary visual cortex in this process; some existing evidence hints that an early stage of the visual response in V1 may involve relative suppression to Kanizsa figures compared with controls. Iso-oriented luminance borders, which are responsible for Kanizsa illusion, may evoke surround suppression in V1 and adjacent areas leading to the reduction in the initial response to Kanizsa figures. We attempted to test the existence, as well as to find localization and timing of the early suppression effect produced by Kanizsa figures in adult nonclinical human participants. We used two sizes of visual stimuli (4.5 and 9.0°) in order to probe the effect at two different levels of eccentricity; the stimuli were presented centrally in passive viewing conditions. We recorded magnetoencephalogram, which is more sensitive than electroencephalogram to activity originating from V1 and V2 areas. We restricted our analysis to the medial occipital area and the occipital pole, and to a 40–120 ms time window after the stimulus onset. By applying threshold-free cluster enhancement technique in combination with permutation statistics, we were able to detect the inverted IC effect—a relative suppression of the response to the Kanizsa figures compared with the control stimuli. The current finding is highly compatible with the explanation involving surround suppression evoked by iso-oriented collinear borders. The effect may be related to the principle of sparse coding, according to which V1 suppresses representations of inner parts of collinear assemblies as being informationally redundant. Such a mechanism is likely to be an important preliminary step preceding object contour detection.
Learning the Value of Rights: Abortion Politics and the Liberalization of Evangelical Free Speech Advocacy
Authors: Lewis Andrew R.
Published: April 2016

For the past century, the expansion of free speech rights has been the domain of liberals. Recently, however, conservatives have become advocates for expanded free speech rights. For Evangelicals Protestants, this advocacy would have been highly controversial only a generation ago, offending the base's ordered liberty sentiments. I suggest that abortion politics is a primary contributor to the evangelical free speech advocacy shift. Using a variety of data, I detail the evangelical shift toward expanded free speech by exploring the topics of radical protest, campaign finance, and obscenity. While rank-and-file evangelicals are less supportive of free speech than the general-public, elites have routinely used abortion politics to frame the shift toward individual free speech rights. Elites have diverged from their constituents to support a higher-priority issue (abortion), and the constituents have been supportive. Abortion politics has come to dominate evangelical advocacy decisions and has cultivated an evangelical rights culture.
Human lymph‐node CD8+ T cells display an altered phenotype during systemic autoimmunity
Authors: Ramwadhdoebe Tamara H , Hähnlein Janine , van Kuijk Bo J , Choi Ivy Y , van Boven Leonard J , Gerlag Danielle M , Tak Paul P , van Baarsen Lisa G
Published: April 2016

Although many studies are focused on auto‐reactive CD4+ T cells, the precise role of CD8+ T cells in autoimmunity is poorly understood. The objective of this study is to provide more insight into the phenotype and function CD8+ T cells during the development of autoimmune disease by studying CD8+ T cells in human lymph‐node biopsies and peripheral blood obtained during the earliest phases of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we show that lymphoid pro‐inflammatory CD8+ T cells exhibit a less‐responsive phenotype already during the earliest phases of autoimmunity compared with healthy individuals. We found an increase in CD8+ memory T cells in lymphoid tissue during the earliest phases of autoimmunity, even before clinical onset of RA, accompanied by an increased frequency of non‐circulating or recently activated (CD69+) CD8+ T cells in lymphoid tissue and peripheral blood. Importantly, lymphoid pro‐inflammatory CD8+IL‐17A+ T cells displayed a decreased capacity of cytokine production, which was related to disease activity in early RA patients. In addition, a decreased frequency of regulatory CD8+IL‐10+ T cells in peripheral blood was also related to disease activity in early RA patients. Our results suggest that different CD8+ T‐cell subsets are affected already during the earliest phases of systemic autoimmunity.
Symmetry-protected ideal Weyl semimetal in HgTe-class materials
Authors: Ruan Jiawei , Jian Shao-Kai , Yao Hong , Zhang Haijun , Zhang Shou-Cheng , Xing Dingyu
Published: April 2016

Ideal Weyl semimetals with all Weyl nodes exactly at the Fermi level and no coexisting trivial Fermi surfaces in the bulk, similar to graphene, could feature deep physics such as exotic transport phenomena induced by the chiral anomaly. Here, we show that HgTe and half-Heusler compounds, under a broad range of in-plane compressive strain, could be materials in nature realizing ideal Weyl semimetals with four pairs of Weyl nodes and topological surface Fermi arcs. Generically, we find that the HgTe-class materials with nontrivial band inversion and noncentrosymmetry provide a promising arena to realize ideal Weyl semimetals. Such ideal Weyl semimetals could further provide a unique platform to study emergent phenomena such as the interplay between ideal Weyl fermions and superconductivity in the half-Heusler compound LaPtBi.
The formation mechanism for printed silver-contacts for silicon solar cells
Authors: Fields Jeremy D. , Ahmad Md. Imteyaz , Pool Vanessa L. , Yu Jiafan , Van Campen Douglas G. , Parilla Philip A. , Toney Michael F. , van Hest Maikel F. A. M.
Published: April 2016

Screen-printing provides an economically attractive means for making Ag electrical contacts to Si solar cells, but the use of Ag substantiates a significant manufacturing cost, and the glass frit used in the paste to enable contact formation contains Pb. To achieve optimal electrical performance and to develop pastes with alternative, abundant and non-toxic materials, a better understanding the contact formation process during firing is required. Here, we use in situ X-ray diffraction during firing to reveal the reaction sequence. The findings suggest that between 500 and 650 °C PbO in the frit etches the SiNx antireflective-coating on the solar cell, exposing the Si surface. Then, above 650 °C, Ag+ dissolves into the molten glass frit – key for enabling deposition of metallic Ag on the emitter surface and precipitation of Ag nanocrystals within the glass. Ultimately, this work clarifies contact formation mechanisms and suggests approaches for development of inexpensive, nontoxic solar cell contacting pastes.
Molecular characterization of a family 5 glycoside hydrolase suggests an induced-fit enzymatic mechanism
Authors: Liberato Marcelo V. , Silveira Rodrigo L. , Prates Érica T. , de Araujo Evandro A. , Pellegrini Vanessa O. A. , Camilo Cesar M. , Kadowaki Marco A. , Neto Mario de O. , Popov Alexander , Skaf Munir S. , Polikarpov Igor
Published: April 2016

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) play fundamental roles in the decomposition of lignocellulosic biomaterials. Here, we report the full-length structure of a cellulase from Bacillus licheniformis (BlCel5B), a member of the GH5 subfamily 4 that is entirely dependent on its two ancillary modules (Ig-like module and CBM46) for catalytic activity. Using X-ray crystallography, small-angle X-ray scattering and molecular dynamics simulations, we propose that the C-terminal CBM46 caps the distal N-terminal catalytic domain (CD) to establish a fully functional active site via a combination of large-scale multidomain conformational selection and induced-fit mechanisms. The Ig-like module is pivoting the packing and unpacking motions of CBM46 relative to CD in the assembly of the binding subsite. This is the first example of a multidomain GH relying on large amplitude motions of the CBM46 for assembly of the catalytically competent form of the enzyme.
Energy correlations of photon pairs generated by a silicon microring resonator probed by Stimulated Four Wave Mixing
Authors: Grassani Davide , Simbula Angelica , Pirotta Stefano , Galli Matteo , Menotti Matteo , Harris Nicholas C. , Baehr-Jones Tom , Hochberg Michael , Galland Christophe , Liscidini Marco , Bajoni Daniele
Published: April 2016

Compact silicon integrated devices, such as micro-ring resonators, have recently been demonstrated as efficient sources of quantum correlated photon pairs. The mass production of integrated devices demands the implementation of fast and reliable techniques to monitor the device performances. In the case of time-energy correlations, this is particularly challenging, as it requires high spectral resolution that is not currently achievable in coincidence measurements. Here we reconstruct the joint spectral density of photons pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon ring resonator by studying the corresponding stimulated process, namely stimulated four wave mixing. We show that this approach, featuring high spectral resolution and short measurement times, allows one to discriminate between nearly-uncorrelated and highly-correlated photon pairs.
Extending the applicability of the Goldschmidt tolerance factor to arbitrary ionic compounds
Authors: Sato Toyoto , Takagi Shigeyuki , Deledda Stefano , Hauback Bjørn C. , Orimo Shin-ichi
Published: April 2016

Crystal structure determination is essential for characterizing materials and their properties and can be facilitated by various tools and indicators. For instance, the Goldschmidt tolerance factor (T) for perovskite compounds is acknowledged for evaluating crystal structures in terms of the ionic packing. However, its applicability is limited to perovskite compounds. Here, we report on extending the applicability of T to ionic compounds with arbitrary ionic arrangements and compositions. By focussing on the occupancy of constituent spherical ions in the crystal structure, we define the ionic filling fraction (IFF), which is obtained from the volumes of crystal structure and constituent ions. Ionic compounds, including perovskites, are arranged linearly by the IFF, providing consistent results with T. The linearity guides towards finding suitable unit cell and composition, thus tackling the main obstacle for determining new crystal structures. We demonstrate the utility of the IFF by solving the structure of three hydrides with new crystal structures.
Conducting LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerfaces on atomically-flat substrates prepared by deionized-water
Authors: Connell J. G. , Nichols J. , Gruenewald J. H. , Kim D.-W. , Seo S. S. A.
Published: April 2016

We have investigated how the recently-developed water-leaching method for atomically-flat SrTiO3 (STO) substrates affects the transport properties of LaAlO3 (LAO) and STO heterointerfaces. Using pulsed laser deposition at identical growth conditions, we have synthesized epitaxial LAO thin-films on two different STO substrates, which are prepared by water-leaching and buffered hydrofluoric acid (BHF) etching methods. The structural, transport, and optical properties of LAO/STO heterostructures grown on water-leached substrates show the same high-quality as the samples grown on BHF-etched substrates. These results indicate that the water-leaching method can be used to grow complex oxide heterostructures with atomically well-defined heterointerfaces without safety concerns.
Uniform and accelerated degradation of pure iron patterned by Pt disc arrays
Authors: Huang Tao , Zheng Yufeng
Published: April 2016

Pure iron has been confirmed as a promising biodegradable metal. However, the degradation rate of pure iron should be accelerated to meet the clinical requirements. In this work, two different designs of platinum disc arrays, including sizes of Φ20 μm × S5 μm and Φ4 μm × S4 μm, have been coated on the surface of pure iron. Corrosion tests showed the platinum discs formed plenty of galvanic cells with the iron matrix which significantly accelerated the degradation of pure iron. Simultaneously, due to the designability of the shape, size as well as distribution of Pt discs, the degradation rate as well as degradation uniformity of pure iron can be effectively controlled by coating with platinum discs. The cytotoxicity test results unveiled that Pt discs patterned pure iron exhibited almost no toxicity to human umbilical vein endothelial cells, but a significant inhibition on proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells. In addition, the hemolysis rate of Pt discs patterned pure iron was lower than 1%. Moreover, Pt discs also effectively reduced the number of adhered platelets. All these results indicated that Pt discs patterning is an effective way to accelerate degradation and improve biocompatibility of pure iron.
Phase transitions via selective elemental vacancy engineering in complex oxide thin films
Authors: Lee Sang A. , Jeong Hoidong , Woo Sungmin , Hwang Jae-Yeol , Choi Si-Young , Kim Sung-Dae , Choi Minseok , Roh Seulki , Yu Hosung , Hwang Jungseek , Kim Sung Wng , Choi Woo Seok
Published: April 2016

Defect engineering has brought about a unique level of control for Si-based semiconductors, leading to the optimization of various opto-electronic properties and devices. With regard to perovskite transition metal oxides, O vacancies have been a key ingredient in defect engineering, as they play a central role in determining the crystal field and consequent electronic structure, leading to important electronic and magnetic phase transitions. Therefore, experimental approaches toward understanding the role of defects in complex oxides have been largely limited to controlling O vacancies. In this study, we report on the selective formation of different types of elemental vacancies and their individual roles in determining the atomic and electronic structures of perovskite SrTiO3 (STO) homoepitaxial thin films fabricated by pulsed laser epitaxy. Structural and electronic transitions have been achieved via selective control of the Sr and O vacancy concentrations, respectively, indicating a decoupling between the two phase transitions. In particular, O vacancies were responsible for metal-insulator transitions, but did not influence the Sr vacancy induced cubic-to-tetragonal structural transition in epitaxial STO thin film. The independent control of multiple phase transitions in complex oxides by exploiting selective vacancy engineering opens up an unprecedented opportunity toward understanding and customizing complex oxide thin films.
Mild decrease in TBX20 promoter activity is a potentially protective factor against congenital heart defects in the Han Chinese population
Authors: Yu Li-Wei , Wang Feng , Yang Xue-Yan , Sun Shu-Na , Zheng Yu-Fang , Li Bin-Bin , Gui Yong-Hao , Wang Hong-Yan
Published: April 2016

Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are one of the most common human birth defects worldwide. TBX20 is a crucial transcription factor for the development of embryonic cardiovascular system. Previous studies have demonstrated that mutations in the TBX20 coding region contribute to familial and sporadic CHD occurrence. However, it remains largely unknown whether variants in the TBX20 regulatory region are also related to CHDs. In this study, we sequenced the 2 kb region upstream of the TBX20 transcription start site in 228 CHD patients and 292 controls in a Han Chinese population. Among the 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified, six SNPs are in strong linkage disequilibrium and the minor alleles are associated with lower CHD risk (for rs10235849 chosen as tag SNP, p = 0.0069, OR (95% CI) = 0.68 (0.51–0.90)). Functional analysis showed that the minor alleles have lower transcriptional activity than major alleles in both human heart tissues and three cell lines. The electrophoretic mobility shift assay suggested that TBX20 minor alleles may exhibit higher binding affinity with certain transcription repressors. Our results indicate that a moderately lower TBX20 activity potentially reduces CHD risk in the Han Chinese population, providing new insight in the study of CHD etiology.
Targeted disruption of influenza A virus hemagglutinin in genetically modified mice reduces viral replication and improves disease outcome
Authors: Wang Song , Chen Chao , Yang Zhou , Chi Xiaojuan , Zhang Jing , Chen Ji-Long
Published: April 2016

Influenza A virus can cause acute respiratory infection in animals and humans around the globe and is still a major threat to animal husbandry and public health. Due to antigenic drift and antigenic shift of the virus, development of novel anti-influenza strategies has become an urgent task. Here we generated transgenic (TG) mice stably expressing a short-hairpin RNA specifically targeting hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza A virus and investigated the susceptibility of the mice to influenza virus infection. We found that HA expression was dramatically disrupted in TG mice infected with WSN or PR8 virus. Importantly, the animals showed reduced virus production in lungs, slower weight loss, attenuated acute organ injury and consequently increased survival rates as compared to wild type (WT) mice after the viral infection. Moreover, TG mice exhibited a normal level of white blood cells following the virus infection, whereas the number of these cells was significantly decreased in WT mice with same challenge. Together, these experiments demonstrate that the TG mice are less permissive for influenza virus replication and suggest that shRNA-based efficient disruption of viral gene expression in animals may be a useful strategy for prevention and control of a viral zoonosis.
Large-scale Generation of Patterned Bubble Arrays on Printed Bi-functional Boiling Surfaces
Authors: Choi Chang-Ho , David Michele , Gao Zhongwei , Chang Alvin , Allen Marshall , Wang Hailei , Chang Chih-hung
Published: April 2016

Bubble nucleation control, growth and departure dynamics is important in understanding boiling phenomena and enhancing nucleate boiling heat transfer performance. We report a novel bi-functional heterogeneous surface structure that is capable of tuning bubble nucleation, growth and departure dynamics. For the fabrication of the surface, hydrophobic polymer dot arrays are first printed on a substrate, followed by hydrophilic ZnO nanostructure deposition via microreactor-assisted nanomaterial deposition (MAND) processing. Wettability contrast between the hydrophobic polymer dot arrays and aqueous ZnO solution allows for the fabrication of heterogeneous surfaces with distinct wettability regions. Heterogeneous surfaces with various configurations were fabricated and their bubble dynamics were examined at elevated heat flux, revealing various nucleate boiling phenomena. In particular, aligned and patterned bubbles with a tunable departure frequency and diameter were demonstrated in a boiling experiment for the first time. Taking advantage of our fabrication method, a 6 inch wafer size heterogeneous surface was prepared. Pool boiling experiments were also performed to demonstrate a heat flux enhancement up to 3X at the same surface superheat using bi-functional surfaces, compared to a bare stainless steel surface.
Irreversible electroporation of the liver: is there a safe limit to the ablation volume?
Authors: Sánchez-Velázquez P. , Castellví Q. , Villanueva A. , Quesada R. , Pañella C. , Cáceres M. , Dorcaratto D. , Andaluz A. , Moll X. , Trujillo M. , Burdío J. M. , Berjano E. , Grande L. , Ivorra A. , Burdío F.
Published: April 2016

Irreversible electroporation is a fast-growing liver ablation technique. Although safety has been well documented in small ablations, our aim is to assess its safety and feasibility when a large portion of liver is ablated. Eighty-seven mice were subjected to high voltage pulses directly delivered across parallel plate electrodes comprising around 40% of mouse liver. One group consisted in 55 athymic-nude, in which a tumor from the KM12C cell line was grown and the other thirty-two C57-Bl6 non-tumoral mice. Both groups were subsequently divided into subsets according to the delivered field strength (1000 V/cm, 2000 V/cm) and whether or not they received anti-hyperkalemia therapy. Early mortality (less than 24 hours post-IRE) in the 2000 V/cm group was observed and revealed considerably higher mean potassium levels. In contrast, the animals subjected to a 2000 V/cm field treated with the anti-hyperkalemia therapy had higher survival rates (OR = 0.1, 95%CI = 0.02–0.32, p < 0.001). Early mortality also depended on the electric field magnitude of the IRE protocol, as mice given 1000 V/cm survived longer than those given 2000 V/cm (OR = 4.7, 95%CI = 1.8–11.8, p = 0.001). Our findings suggest that ionic disturbances, mainly due to potassium alterations, should be warned and envisioned when large volume ablations are performed by IRE.