bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Post-Soviet criminal justice: The persistence of distorted neo-inquisitorialism
Authors: Solomon Peter H
Published: April 2015

This article investigates the extent to which post-Soviet states have successfully reformed the system of criminal justice that they inherited from the USSR, and in particular reduced accusatorial bias and achieved procedural fairness. I argue that with the notable exception of Estonia, these countries have not eliminated the defining features of the Soviet criminal justice, what I call ‘distorted neo-inquisitorialism’—namely the excessive power of investigators and weakness of judges. The article examines in detail the reform of criminal justice in Russia, Estonia and Ukraine from 1992 to the present.
Managing disagreement through yes, but… constructions: An argumentative analysis
Authors: Uzelgun Mehmet Ali , Mohammed Dima , Lewiński Marcin , Castro Paula
Published: April 2015

The goal of this study is to examine the argumentative functions of concessive yes, but… constructions. Based on ( N = 22) interview transcripts, we examine the ways environmental activists negotiate their agreements and disagreements over climate change through yes, but… constructions. Starting from conversational analyses of such concessive sequences, we develop an account grounded in argumentative discourse analysis, notably pragma-dialectics. The analysis focuses on how in conceding arguments speakers re-present others’ discourse, what types of criticism they exercise through particular sequential patterns and which argumentative techniques they saliently use. We show in particular that, in disputing the standpoints supported by the complex argumentation they encounter, speakers raise different types of criticism (sufficiency, relevance, acceptability). We discuss how examining not only the sequencing of agreements and disagreements, but also the argumentative relations that generate these, may extend our understanding of such concessive constructions.
Extending Beyond Qualitative Interviewing to Illuminate the Tacit Nature of Everyday Occupation
Authors: Huot Suzanne , Laliberte Rudman Debbie
Published: April 2015

The study of human occupation requires a variety of methods to fully elucidate its complex, multifaceted nature. Although qualitative approaches have commonly been used within occupational therapy and occupational science, we contend that such qualitative research must extend beyond the sole use of interviews. Drawing on qualitative methodological literature, we discuss the limits of interview methods and outline other methods, particularly visual methods, as productive means to enhance qualitative research. We then provide an overview of our critical ethnographic study that used narrative, visual, and observational methods to explore the occupational transitions experienced by immigrants to Canada. We describe our use of occupational mapping and participatory occupation methods and the contributions of these combined methods. We conclude that adopting a variety of methods can enable a deeper understanding of the tacit nature of everyday occupation, and is key to advancing knowledge regarding occupation and to informing occupational therapy practice.
Toward Early Identification of Sensory Over-Responsivity (SOR)
Authors: Thomas Simone , Bundy Anita C. , Black Deborah , Lane Shelly J.
Published: April 2015

Sensory over-responsivity (SOR) is a type of sensory modulation disorder in which heightened sensitivity to non-noxious sensations interrupts daily life. In this preliminary study within a larger investigation, we used infants with sleep/feeding difficulties as a proxy for later development of SOR. We tested evidence for construct validity and internal reliability of pre- and perinatal factors that, together, could predict infant sleep/feeding difficulties. We obtained retrospective data on 360 mother–infant dyads on 38 pre- and perinatal variables and linked the data with infant referral for sleep/feeding difficulties. We analyzed the data with Rasch analysis to examine evidence for a unidimensional construct. Our results show good evidence for a construct comprising 18 of the 38 pre- and perinatal variables examined. This construct may represent a step toward early identification of SOR and provide therapists with evidence to support the use of pre- and perinatal information as predictors of infant sleep/feeding difficulties.
Infection Control in Design and Construction Work
Authors: Collinge William H.
Published: April 2015

Objective:

To clarify how infection control requirements are represented, communicated, and understood in work interactions through the medical facility construction project life cycle. To assist project participants with effective infection control management by highlighting the nature of such requirements and presenting recommendations to aid practice.

Background:

A 4-year study regarding client requirement representation and use on National Health Service construction projects in the United Kingdom provided empirical evidence of infection control requirement communication and understanding through design and construction work interactions.

Methods:

An analysis of construction project resources (e.g., infection control regulations and room data sheets) was combined with semi-structured interviews with hospital client employees and design and construction professionals to provide valuable insights into the management of infection control issues.

Results:

Infection control requirements are representationally indistinct but also omnipresent through all phases of the construction project life cycle: Failure to recognize their nature, relevance, and significance can result in delays, stoppages, and redesign work. Construction project resources (e.g., regulatory guidance and room data sheets) can mask or obscure the meaning of infection control issues.

Conclusions:

A preemptive identification of issues combined with knowledge sharing activities among project stakeholders can enable infection control requirements to be properly understood and addressed. Such initiatives should also reference existing infection control regulatory guidance and advice.
Injury to the Posterior Tibial Tendon After Open Reduction Internal Fixation of the Medial Malleolus
Authors: DeMill Shyler L. , Bussewitz Bradly W. , Philbin Terrence M.
Published: April 2015

The management of ankle fractures with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) has been a proven method to help prevent deformity and posttraumatic arthritis. The incidence of continued ankle pain due to retained hardware after ORIF of ankle fractures has been documented. The goal of this study was to determine if the starting point for medial malleolus screw placement is associated with posterior tibial tendon (PTT) damage when performing ORIF of the medial malleolus. Patients that had ORIF of the medial malleolus and subsequent repair of the PTT with medial malleolar hardware removal were identified. Zones were established and labeled 1 through 3 as described in the literature. This template was used as an overlay on lateral ankle radiographs to analyze the position and assign zones to the medial malleolus screws. Fifteen patients met the inclusion criteria. Three screws were found in zone 1, 11 in zone 2, and 1 in zone 3. The middle and posterior zones (zones 2 and 3) contained 80% of the screws, which may potentially cause risk to the PTT. We conclude that there is an increased probability that medial malleolar hardware in zones 2 and 3 can compromise the PTT.

Levels of Evidence: Therapeutic, Level IV: Case series
Pre-operative endostent placement to allow the complete and safe resection of a recurrent tumor that had tightly adhered to the subclavian artery: A case report
Authors: Nakayama Takuya , Suda Hisao , Yamada Toshiuki , Miyata Yosuke
Published: April 2015

Radiation and tumor infiltration confer a high risk of bleeding on surgical removal of tumor. We report on the case of a 42-year-old woman with a recurrent occult subclavian tumor in her right breast. Computed tomography revealed enhanced tumor adhesion to the subclavian artery at the infraclavicular lymph node. No other metastases were detected. We pre-operatively performed stenting of the right subclavian artery, and the tumor was resected completely and safely.
Resolving the multifaceted mechanisms of the ferric chloride thrombosis model using an interdisciplinary microfluidic approach
Authors: Ciciliano Jordan C. , Sakurai Yumiko , Myers David R. , Fay Meredith E. , Hechler Beatrice , Meeks Shannon , Li Renhao , Dixon J. Brandon , Lyon L. Andrew , Gachet Christian , Lam Wilbur A.
Published: April 2015

Key Points

The multivariate mechanism of FeCl3-induced thrombosis is rooted in colloidal chemistry, mass transfer, and biological clotting. FeCl3-induced thrombosis is mediated by charge-based binding of proteins (cell surface bound and soluble) to the Fe3+ ion.
Copper-mediated One-pot Synthesis of Trifluorostyrene Derivatives from Tetrafluoroethylene and Arylboronate
Authors: Kikushima Kotaro , Sakaguchi Hironobu , Saijo Hiroki , Ohashi Masato , Ogoshi Sensuke
Published: April 2015

We developed the copper-mediated synthesis of trifluorostyrene derivatives. β-Fluorine elimination of a 2-aryl-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethylcopper complex, generated in situ from arylboronate, copper tert-butoxide, and 1,10-phenanthroline with tetrafluoroethylene (TFE) via carbocupration, was promoted by the addition of a Lewis acid. The present reaction system was applied to the one-pot synthesis of various trifluorostyrene derivatives, through the transmetalation–carbocupration–β-fluorine elimination sequence.
Does Vertical Integration Decrease Prices? Evidence from the Paramount Antitrust Case of 1948
Authors: Gil Ricard
Published: April 2015

I empirically examine the impact of the 1948 Paramount antitrust case on ticket prices using a unique dataset collected from Variety magazine issues between 1945 and 1955. With information on prices, revenues, and theater ownership for an unbalanced panel of 393 theaters in 26 cities, I find that vertically integrated theaters charged lower prices and sold more admission tickets than nonintegrated theaters. I also find that the rate at which prices increased in theaters was slower while integrated than after vertical divestiture. These findings together with institutional details are consistent with the prediction that vertical integration lowers prices through the elimination of double marginalization. (JEL G34, K21, L11, L22, L42, L82)
The Tax Gradient: Spatial Aspects of Fiscal Competition
Authors: Agrawal David R.
Published: April 2015

State borders create a discontinuous tax treatment of retail sales. In a Nash game, local tax rates will be higher on the low state tax side of a border. Local taxes will decrease from the nearest high-tax border and increase from the low-tax border. Using driving time from state borders and all local sales tax rates, local tax rates on the lowtax side of the border are 1.25 percentage points higher, reducing the differential in state tax rates by over three-quarters. A ten minute increase in driving time from the nearest high-tax state lowers a border town's local tax rate by 6 percent. (JEL H25, H71, H73, H77)
Calculation of a Population Externality
Authors: Bohn Henning , Stuart Charles
Published: April 2015

It is known that when people generate externalities, a birth also generates an externality and efficiency requires a Pigou tax/subsidy on having children. The size of the externality from a birth is important for studying policy. We calculate the size of this “population externality” in a specific case: we consider a maintained hypothesis that greenhouse gas emissions are a serious problem and assume government reacts by optimally restricting emissions. Calculated population externalities are large under many assumptions. (JEL D62, H23, J11, J13, Q54, Q58)
New Evidence on Taxes and the Timing of Birth
Authors: LaLumia Sara , Sallee James M. , Turner Nicholas
Published: April 2015

This paper uses data from the universe of tax returns filed between 2001 and 2010 to test whether parents shift the timing of childbirth around the New Year to gain tax benefits. Filers have an incentive to shift births from early January into late December, through induction or cesarean delivery, because child-related tax benefits are not prorated. We find evidence of a positive, but very small, effect of tax incentives on birth timing. An additional $1,000 of tax benefits increases the probability of a late-December birth by only about 1 percentage point. We argue that the response to tax incentives is small in part because of confusion about eligibility and delays in the issuance of Social Security numbers for newborns, as well as a lack of control over medical procedures on the part of filers with the highest tax values. In contrast to this small behavioral response, we do document a substantial reporting response among self-employed parents facing changes in the Earned Income Tax Credit as a result of a child's birth. We estimate that this reporting response reduces federal revenue by hundreds of millions of dollars per year. (JEL H24, H31, J13, J23)
Mathematical Programming-Based Sales and Operations Planning at Vestel Electronics
Authors: Taşkın Z. Caner , Ağralı Semra , Ünal A. Tamer , Belada Vahdet , Gökten-Yılmaz Filiz
Published: April 2015

We investigate the sales and operations planning (S&OP) process at Vestel Electronics, a major television manufacturer located in Turkey. The company has a large product portfolio because its products have many configuration options, and its product portfolio changes rapidly as a result of technological advances. Demand volatility is high, and materials procurement requires long lead times. Hence, the S&OP process is critical for efficient management of company resources and its supply chain and to ensure customer satisfaction. We devise a mathematical programming formulation for Vestel’s S&OP process and describe our experience in implementing a decision support system (DSS) based on our optimization model. We fully implemented and deployed our DSS at Vestel, which has used it every day since 2011.
Goal setting: A key skill for person-centred care
Authors: Furze Gill
Published: April 2015

Behavioural change in long-term conditions can be difficult. Gill Furze explores how to help patients to set achievable goals in order to help them self-manage their condition
Student placements in primary care
Authors: Campbell Pam
Published: April 2015

Many students have limited knowledge of practice nursing. Pam Campbell discusses a student nurse placement from the perspectives of the practice staff and the student
A cost analysis of elective hip revision arthroplasty versus periprosthetic hip fracture management in a district general hospital
Authors: Farrar NG , Alaker M , Duckett SP
Published: April 2015

Is financing adequate for these complex cases?
SSMD: and another thing
Authors: Westaby Stephen , Baig Kamran , Pepper John
Published: April 2015

We publish here some articles and correspondence written in response to last month’s feature issue on consultant outcom
Tips for success in interviewing for a national training number in trauma and orthopaedics
Authors: Assiotis A , Azegami S , Pengas I , Pearse M
Published: April 2015

Techniques to enhance your application, preparation and performance.
Mr Slop and computers
Authors: Slop
Published: April 2015

Our very own technophobe rages against the machine(s).
Remarkable research or headline hype?
Authors: Gottlieb Grace
Published: April 2015

The tricks used to sensationalise research findings.
Choosing wisely
Authors: Marx Clare
Published: April 2015

It’s decision time, in more ways than one.
Creating art-based approaches in working life development: The shift from success to significance
Authors: Hiltunen Mirja , Rantala Pälvi
Published: April 2015

The aim of this article is to analyse and identify the structure of activities occurring during a series of art workshops conducted in one particular work-based community, with a view to exploring links between modern working life and the fields of art and art education. The researchers took part in the workshops as participant observers. The research showed that art-oriented activities can make different organizational cultures more visible and open to further development. Participants can apply the experience gained in art workshops to their own work practice, using it to strengthen group coherence, to express ideas better and to become more emotionally engaged in their jobs. It can foster mental strength and faith in a personal way of working, and encourage people to try things that they have not tried before.

Artikkelissa tavoitteemme on tunnistaa ja analysoida taidelähtöisen toiminnan prosessia eräässä työyhteisössä toteutetussa työpajasarjassa. Artikkeli osallistuu ajankohtaiseen keskusteluun työelämän ja taiteen sekä taidekasvatuksen suhteesta. Artikkelin kirjoittajat olivat mukana työpajoissa tutkijoina ja ­osallistuvina ­havainnoijina. Tutkimus osoitti, että taidelähtöinen toiminta voi tuoda organisaatiokulttuuria näkyväksi ja avoimeksi keskustelulle. Osallistujat voivat käyttää taidetoiminnassa kertyneitä kokemuksia ja osaamista omassa työssään. Taidetoiminta voi esimerkiksi vahvistaa työyhteisön yhteishenkeä ja parantaa ilmapiiriä, auttaa tuomaan omia ideoita esiin, ja auttaa sitoutumaan työhön paremmin. Se voi antaa luottamusta omaan tapaan tehdä työtä, ja rohkaista kokeilemaan asioita joita ei aiemmin ole ajatellut osaavansa. Taidetoiminta voi havahduttaa työyhteisöä siirtämään painopistettä ulkoisen menestyksen tavoittelun sijasta työn sisällölliseen merkityksellistämiseen.
Going commercial: Navigating student radio in a deregulated media marketplace
Authors: Reilly Brendan , Farnsworth John
Published: April 2015

This article describes an unusual form of student instructional radio, which is organized to run as a fully commercial broadcaster. Drawing on the case of a New Zealand student station, Mode 96.1FM, we look at how it functions in a highly competitive commercial environment. The student-run station reformats itself every year and attempts to emulate the styles and success of much larger national and local commercial music stations. We investigate two aspects. First, the tensions this creates between commercial, industry and educational objectives. Second, how students become located within the commodified speech practices intrinsic to marketing and branding. We also discuss how the station attempts to reconcile these in terms of seeking out diverse listening publics.
A ANTIVIRADA LINGUÍSTICA DE GILLES DELEUZE E SUA IMPORTÂNCIA PARA A EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: Mostafa Solange Puntel
Published: April 2015

Discute a virada linguística de Wittgenstein para distingui-la da pragmática deleuze-guattariana e assim especificar melhor o debate nos referenciais teóricos da educação, os quais têm sido realizados por meio das análises epistemológicas em dissertações e teses brasileiras na área da Educação assinadas por autores situados na abordagem materialista histórica do marxismo, levando o debate a conclusões apressadas sobre a virada linguística e a pragmática deleuziana. Para tal, são realizados esclarecimentos sobre as maneiras com que Deleuze entende a Linguagem e suas relações com a Filosofia ao desenvolver sua pragmática, que é bem distinta do que se convencionou chamar de “virada linguística”.
ENTRE AS PERSPECTIVAS REFLEXIVAS, CRÍTICAS E PÓS-CRÍTICAS: UMA ANÁLISE DA FORMAÇÃO DE PROFESSORES NOS PROGRAMAS DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM EDUCAÇÃO DE SANTA CATARINA
Authors: Laffin Maria Hermínia Lage Fernandes , Botega Gisely Pereira , Werle Verônica , Moser Denise Consuelo
Published: April 2015

As perspectivas teóricas, críticas, reflexivas e pós-críticas influenciam o campo da formação de professores e as pesquisas em educação, produzidas pelas diferentes universidades do Estado de Santa Catarina. Assim, esta pesquisa buscou focalizar os 11 Programas de Pós-Graduação stricto-sensu (Mestrado e Doutorado) em Educação reconhecidos pela CAPES no Estado (UFSC, UNIVALI, UDESC, UNIVILLE, FURB, UNOESC, UNESC, UNISUL, UNOCHAPECÓ, UFFS, UNIPLAC) e investigar como tais perspectivas transversalizam seus currículos e em que medida compõem os currículos das disciplinas oferecidas, as linhas de pesquisas e o que isso revela sobre a formação docente. A investigação foi realizada a partir da análise documental referente aos dados de 2009 da Avaliação Trienal de 2010, realizada pela CAPES, bem como dos documentos e das informações disponibilizados nos sites dos Programas investigados. Os resultados demonstraram uma predominância das perspectivas críticas e reflexivas, fator que levou a problematizações sobre a construção de novos olhares teóricos, em que todas as perspectivas sejam consideradas, já que esse olhar produziria efeitos nas pesquisas e nas teorizações educacionais.
Psychiatric disorders and Nesfatin-1
Psikiyatrik hastalıklar ve Nesfatin-1
Authors: Algül Şermin
Published: April 2015

Nowadays psychiatric disorders is complex group of diseases that many factors play a role in the etiology and prevalence of it's very higher.  Neurotransmitters levels such as serotonin norepinefrin and dopamine in the brain is changed in case of illness. For instance Neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinefrin and dopamine is decreased in depression and dopamine is increased in schizophrenia. Many of the antidepressants drugs that used in the treatment of depression leads to weight gain in patients.  Nesfatin-1 is expressed that recently discovered, being an anorexigenic peptid and derived NEFA / nukleobindin2 (NUCB2)  in the brain's stress-related field. Plasma nesfatin-1 levels were found to be very high psychiatric patients than normal people with. Peptids' brings to mind the idea that may be important in the prognosis of the disease which the decreased of the level of hormone following treatment process and high in case of illness. It's will provide a better understanding of the prognosis of the disease that can also be explained the effect of these hormones under stress in this disease. In future studies, to understand the antidepressants effect of nesfatin-1 the important molecular mechanisms related with the nesfatin-1 receptor should be necessary to define. In light of recent studies, it is thought that nesfatin-1 could be a important antidepressant drug in the near future.

Özet    
Psikiyatrik hastalıklar günümüzde prevalansı çok yüksek olan etiyolojisinde birçok faktörün rol oynadığı yaygın ve kompleks bir hastalık grubudur. Hastalık durumunda beyinde serotonin, norepinefrin, dopamin gibi nörotransmitterlerin düzeyleri değişmektedir. Örneğin depresyonda serotonin, norepinefrin ve dopamin azalmaktayken; şizofrenide ise dopamin artmaktadır. Major depresyon tedavisinde kullanılan antidepresan ilaçların çoğu hastalarda kilo alımına yol açmaktadır. NEFA/nukleobindin2 (NUKB2)'den kaynaklanan son yıllarda keşfedilen anoreksijenik bir peptid olan nesfatin-1, beynin stresle alakalı alanlarında bulunmaktadır. Psikiyatrik hastalarda normal insanlara kıyasla plazma nesfatin-1 düzeyi çok yüksek bulunmuştur. Hastalık durumunda yüksek iken, tedavi sürecini takiben hormon seviyesinin düşmesi peptidin hastalığın prognozunda önemli olabileceği fikrini akla getirmektedir. Bu rahatsızlıklarda stres altında bu gibi hormonların etkilerinin açıklanması hastalığın prognozunun daha iyi anlaşılmasını sağlayacaktır. Gelecek çalışmalarda, nesfatin-1'in antidepresif etkisini anlamak için; nesfatin-1 reseptörleri ile ilgili önemli moleküler mekanizmaların tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Son yapılan çalışmaların ışığında, nesfatin-1'in yakın gelecekte önemli bir antidepresan ilacı olabileceği düşünülmektedir.
How to define a significant deviation from the expected internal quality control result
Authors: Ceriotti Ferruccio , Brugnoni Duilio , Mattioli Sonia
Published: April 2015

Internal quality control (IQC) is an everyday practice described in several documents. Its planning requires the definition of quality goals and a documentation system able to provide alarms as soon as the goals are not reached. We propose the use of the uncertainty approach to develop an effective alarm system.

The use of the uncertainty information to verify the conformity to specifications is described. A top-down approach to the definition of the uncertainty of the method is described. Once the uncertainty is calculated, the complete measurement result (result±expanded uncertainty) is compared with the maximum permissible error (quality goal). An alternative and more immediate presentation is obtained defining an “acceptance zone” derived from the maximum permissible error reduced on either sides by expanded uncertainty. This approach is applied to two analytes: glucose and creatinine.

The relationship between quality goal and expanded uncertainty defines the width of the acceptance zone; if uncertainty is equal or larger than the quality goal, the goal is not attainable.

The proposed approach uses an information, expanded uncertainty, that each laboratory seeking ISO 15189 accreditation should already have. The data presentation is immediate and easy to interpret allowing a direct comparison between the performance of the method and the quality goals.
Multilingual learners and foreign language acquisition: Insights into the effects of prior linguistic knowledge
Authors: de la Fuente Anahí Alba , Lacroix Hugues
Published: April 2015

In foreign language classrooms we often find that, in addition to their mother tongue (L1), learners already speak – or are learning – at least one other language. As a result, they already have an array of linguistic and cognitive skills that may prove very useful if they are adequately exploited during the language learning process. However, in contrast with the growing interest displayed by researchers in the processes involved in the acquisition of a third or subsequent language (e.g.
Code-switching and plurilingualism in English-medium education for academic and professional purposes
Authors: Gotti Maurizio
Published: April 2015

In the process of internationalization of their teaching programmes many universities all over the world are now offering courses in English. This is a typical English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) situation in which both lecturers and students – although they are not native speakers of English – use this language as a common means of communication and instruction. This article examines communicative interactions taking place in such contexts. The data are taken from “international” courses in specialized disciplines offered by the University of Bergamo. In particular, the article examines the role of code-switching and the use of other languages employed by lecturers to explain the main specialized terms and technical concepts concerning the specific courses they are teaching. The methodology employed for the analysis of the data is mainly qualitative and is based on selected pieces of the lectures recorded. The data presented show that code-switching and the recourse to words belonging to other languages play a relevant role among the main strategies employed by both lecturers and students in the realization of their communicative efforts, and increases the degree of cooperativeness on both sides so as to guarantee a successful outcome of the specialized communication in which they are involved.
Learner beliefs about sociolinguistic competence: A qualitative case study of four university second language learners
Authors: Yang Jinsuk , Rehner Katherine
Published: April 2015

This article explores the beliefs about second language (L2) sociolinguistic competence of four university-level advanced L2 learners. It places particular emphasis on 1) how these university learners conceptualized L2 sociolinguistic competence; 2) how they thought about two different language learning contexts (viz., the L2 classroom versus study abroad) for their development of sociolinguistic competence; and 3) the L2 strategies they employed to develop their L2 sociolinguistic knowledge. The study found, first, that the university learners conceived of sociolinguistic competence as the ability to adjust their language to reflect the social distance between themselves and other speakers. Second, it demonstrates that the university learners believed that the classroom environment might provide them with insufficient opportunities to utilize those L2 registers that are most sensitive to context. Nevertheless, their beliefs about the necessity of having sociolinguistic competence played a pivotal role in helping most of them to find meaningful L2 learning opportunities in the classroom, as well as in study-abroad contexts. Finally, while immersive experiences can help learners sustain L2 motivational strategies according to their ultimate L2-related goals, the present study lends support to the observation that contexts
Students’ perceptions of deductive and inductive methods in teaching reading skills
Authors: Valijärvi Riitta-Liisa , Tarsoly Eszter
Published: April 2015

This article explores students’ perceptions of inductive and deductive methods of teaching reading in Finnish and Hungarian in a higher education setting. A guided inductive discovery method of reading involves independent work and minimum vocabulary and grammar explanation before the reading assignment is given. A deductive pre-taught method involves grammar, vocabulary and content explanation before a text is read. Structured focus group interviews revealed that the advantages of the discovery method, i.e. guided inductive reading, are that it helps to maintain curiosity, enhances memorisation, encourages independent and active learning, and prepares for real-life reading situations. The deductive pre-taught method, on the other hand, feels safe and helpful, can keep one’s confidence up, saves time and effort for other language-learning tasks, and ensures a correct understanding of the text. The interviewees wanted to be given information about which grammar to expect in advance, some felt the same way about vocabulary. They were not always aware of the difference between the two approaches. By using both methods the teacher can help to maintain motivation and cater for different student preferences. Mixing methods also reflects how we treat information in real life. There appears to be no ideal method in teaching L2 reading: both methods have their advantages and disadvantages from the students’ point of view. Explicit instruction is crucial for reading development either before or after a text is read.
The impact of introducing foreign language requirements on the Spanish higher education system: The case of Córdoba University
Authors: Raigón Rodríguez Antonio R.
Published: April 2015

The requirement that students achieve accredited foreign language proficiency at B1 level in order to graduate from university or enrol for some postgraduate courses has prompted changes in language teaching in higher education in Spain. Given the clearly ineffective tuition received at earlier stages of their education, Spanish university students are finding it difficult to meet this new requirement. Society does not see language learning as a priority, and the aforementioned lack of effective teaching places Spaniards in a weak position with regard to language learning. Motivated by the Bologna Process, which seeks to foster the acquisition of multiple skills by students, the B1 requirement comes at the end of students’ education, regardless of what they were actually taught at primary and secondary level. This article examines the perceptions of a group of students enrolled in the master’s degree in secondary teacher training and analyses data on accreditation in general in order to draw relevant conclusions. The article focuses particularly on the options chosen by students at the University of Córdoba in order to meet the new foreign language requirement, and more specifically on the role played by the university’s language centre. Data was collected through a survey based on a validated
Symmetries of finite graphs and homology
Authors: Atchison Benjamin , Turner Edward C.
Published: April 2015

A
Teaching Nursing Leadership: Comparison of Simulation versus Traditional Inpatient Clinical
Authors: Gore Teresa N. , Johnson Tanya Looney , Wang Chih-hsuan
Published: April 2015

Nurse educators claim accountability to ensure their students are prepared to assume leadership responsibilities upon graduation. Although front-line nurse leaders and nurse executives feel new graduates are not adequately prepared to take on basic leadership roles, professional nursing organizations such as the American Nurses Association (ANA) and the Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) deem leadership skills are core competencies of new graduate nurses. This study includes comparison of a leadership-focused multi-patient simulation and the traditional leadership clinical experiences in a baccalaureate nursing leadership course. The results of this research show both environments contribute to student learning. There was no statistical difference in the overall score. Students perceived a statistically significant difference in communication with patients in the traditional inpatient environment. However, the students perceived a statistical significant difference in teaching–learning dyad toward simulation.
After Beryl Smalley: Thirty Years of Medieval Exegesis, 1984–2013
Authors: Ocker Christopher , Madigan Kevin
Published: April 2015

This essay surveys a generation of scholarship since the death of Beryl Smalley, pioneer in the study of the medieval reception of the bible, in 1984. We try to give a fair representation of work produced in English, French, German, and Italian over the last thirty years. We report on: 1) editions, tools, and translations, 2) surveys and synthetic treatments, 3) work on medieval biblical hermeneutics, 4) studies of periods and individuals, 5) thematic studies and studies of biblical books and pericopes across broad periods, and 6) comparative work on Muslim, Jewish, and Christian exegesis. We describe a rapidly growing quantity of knowledge and expanding perspectives on biblical interpretation in medieval culture. We conclude with suggestions for future research.
Structures of dehydrated microporous copper silicate CuSH-6Na, an in situ single crystal X-ray study
Authors: Wang Xiqu , Jacobson Allan J.
Published: April 2015

The dehydration behavior of the microporous copper silicate Na2(Cu2Si5O13)·3H2O conventionally denoted as CuSH-6Na was studied using single crystal X-ray data collected at temperatures –150, 25, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 120 °C. Reversible dehydration of CuSH-6Na starts at ambient temperatures under dry nitrogen flow and is complete at 70 °C. The water molecules initially present in both ordered and disordered sites were simultaneously driven out beginning at ambient temperature. The dehydration is accompanied by a negative thermal expansion of the crystal caused by a slight progressive narrowing of the channels along the direction perpendicular to the silicate layers. The fully dehydrated structure has framework copper metal sites with open coordination spheres directly exposed to the space inside the accessible channels.
Measurement of Retinal Blood Flow Using Fluorescently Labeled Red Blood Cells
Authors: Kornfield Tess E. , Newman Eric A.
Published: April 2015

Blood flow is a useful indicator of the metabolic state of the retina. However, accurate measurement of retinal blood flow is difficult to achieve in practice. Most existing optical techniques used for measuring blood flow require complex assumptions and calculations. We describe here a simple and direct method for calculating absolute blood flow in vessels of all sizes in the rat retina. The method relies on ultrafast confocal line scans to track the passage of fluorescently labeled red blood cells (fRBCs). The accuracy of the blood flow measurements was verified by (1) comparing blood flow calculated independently using either flux or velocity combined with diameter measurements, (2) measuring total retinal blood flow in arterioles and venules, (3) measuring blood flow at vessel branch points, and (4) measuring changes in blood flow in response to hyperoxic and hypercapnic challenge. Confocal line scans oriented parallel and diagonal to vessels were used to compute fRBC velocity and to examine velocity profiles across the width of vessels. We demonstrate that these methods provide accurate measures of absolute blood flow and velocity in retinal vessels of all sizes.
Black Girl Strong(er)
Authors: Johnson Amber
Published: April 2015

This autopoetic response to Sweetwater by Robin M. Boylorn offers praise and a critique of resilience as a an answer to adversity. The author argues that resilience is not enough for black women. Black women must be verbs and maintain a level of strength inn order to transform beyond her circumstances.
Systematic discovery of drug interaction mechanisms
Authors: Chevereau Guillaume , Bollenbach Tobias
Published: April 2015

Drug combinations are increasingly important in disease treatments, for combating drug resistance, and for elucidating fundamental relationships in cell physiology. When drugs are combined, their individual effects on cells may be amplified or weakened. Such drug interactions are crucial for treatment efficacy, but their underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. To uncover the causes of drug interactions, we developed a systematic approach based on precise quantification of the individual and joint effects of antibiotics on growth of genome‐wide Escherichia coli gene deletion strains. We found that drug interactions between antibiotics representing the main modes of action are highly robust to genetic perturbation. This robustness is encapsulated in a general principle of bacterial growth, which enables the quantitative prediction of mutant growth rates under drug combinations. Rare violations of this principle exposed recurring cellular functions controlling drug interactions. In particular, we found that polysaccharide and ATP synthesis control multiple drug interactions with previously unexplained mechanisms, and small molecule adjuvants targeting these functions synthetically reshape drug interactions in predictable ways. These results provide a new conceptual framework for the design of multidrug combinations and suggest that there are universal mechanisms at the heart of most drug interactions.
Croatian library leaders’ views on (their) library quality
Authors: Petr Balog Kornelija , Dragija Ivanović Martina
Published: April 2015

The purpose of this paper is to determine and describe the library culture in Croatian public libraries. Semi-structured interviews with 14 library directors (ten public and four academic) were conducted. The tentative discussion topics were: definition of quality, responsibility for quality, satisfaction with library services, familiarization with user perspective of library and librarians, monitoring of user expectations and opinions. These interviews incorporate some of the findings of the project Evaluation of library and information services: public and academic libraries. The project investigates library culture in Croatian public and academic libraries and their preparedness for activities of performance measurement. The interviews reveal that library culture has changed positively in the past few years and that library leaders have positive attitude towards quality and evaluation activities. Library culture in Croatian libraries is a relatively new concept and as such was not actively developed and/or created. This article looks into the library culture of Croatian libraries, but at the same time investigates whether there is any trace of culture of assessment in them. Also, this article brings the latest update on views, opinions and atmosphere in Croatian public and academic libraries.
Authorship in Croatian copyright legislation from 1846 to 2007
Authors: Velagić Zoran , Hocenski Ines
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to investigate and present concepts of the author and his/her copyright work in copyright legislation that entered into force in Croatia from 1846 to 2007. 17 legal documents (acts, corrigenda, amendments) were investigated using the content analysis method. The analysis of the results gives an insight into various cultural and sociological dimensions of authorship in the given time-frame. Special attention was paid to definitions of the author and his/her copyright work, examples of copyright works and exceptions related to the duration of copyright for different kinds of copyright works. As there had been no systematic overview of such legal documents in the available literature, they were briefly described in the first part of the paper, highlighting the important articles that stress the role of authors and their copyright work. In the analysis and summary we provide a systematic overview of the main concepts, with a special review of copyright laws in relation to new technologies and artistic forms: it is their relationship that testifies to the complexity of the term 'copyright work'. The paper shows that the basic perception of the author, his/her copyright works and their relations in the analysed copyright legislation has not changed significantly during this period of time. All legal documents refer to the examples of copyright work, and in 1957 a definition of copyright work was included, according to which copyright work is every spiritual (later referred to as intellectual) creation. The concept of the author is strongly linked with the concept of author's copyright work. Various examples of copyright works allow us to see the difference between works that are permanent (e.g. literary works, music works, art works) and works that are yet to be protected by copyright thanks to the development of technology and new features of artistic expression (e.g. photography, movies, computer programs). The process of getting copyright is reflected in articles that regulate the duration of copyright.
Using newspaper collections in information institutions for research purposes
Authors: Krtalić Maja , Marčetić Hana
Published: April 2015

The aim of this paper is to present the opinions, experiences and needs of a sample of scientists in the field of the humanities – namely historians and philologists – and their use of newspaper collections in memory institutions during scientific research. A part of the results gathered in the research, which was conducted within the Newspapers as a source of scientific information in social sciences and humanities project, and is presented here. This project examined the extent and practices in the use of newspapers as a resource of information for scientific research in the social sciences and humanities field in Croatia. The quantitative and qualitative data about the methods and level of use of newspaper material as a resource in scientific research were gathered. The results of this project implied that the newspapers are recognised and used as an admissible resource in scientific work, especially in the fields of history and philology. The fact that scientists have specific information needs and search patterns should be considered in creating innovative and effective digital newspaper collections.
High glucose concentrations per se do not adversely affect human sperm function in vitro
Authors: Portela J M D , Tavares R S , Mota P C , Ramalho-Santos J , Amaral S
Published: April 2015

Diabetes mellitus (DM) represents one of the greatest concerns to global health and it is associated with diverse clinical complications, including reproductive dysfunction. Given the multifactorial nature of DM, the mechanisms that underlie reproductive dysfunction remain unclear. Considering that hyperglycemia has been described as a major effector of the disease pathophysiology, we used anin vitroapproach to address the isolated effect of high glucose conditions on human sperm function, thus avoiding otherin vivoconfounding players. We performed a complete and integrated analysis by measuring a variety of important indicators of spermatozoa functionality (such as motility, viability, capacitation status, acrosomal integrity, mitochondrial superoxide production and membrane potential) in human sperm samples after incubation withd- andl-glucose (5, 25, or 50 mM) for 24 and 48 h. No direct effects promoted by 25 or 50 mMd-glucose were found for any of the parameters assessed (P>0.05), except for the acrosome reaction, which was potentiated after 48 h of exposure to 50 mMd-glucose (P<0.05). Interestingly, non-metabolizablel-glucose drastically increased superoxide production (P<0.05) and suppressed sperm motility (P<0.05) and capacitation (P<0.05) after 24 h of treatment, whereas mitochondrial membrane potential (P<0.05), acrosomal integrity (P<0.01) and viability (P<0.05) were later decreased. The overall results suggest that high glucose levelsper sedo not influence human sperm functionin vitro, which stresses the importance of other factors involved in DM pathology. Nevertheless, the absence of metabolizable glucose contributes to a severe impairment of sperm function and thus compromises male fertility.

Free Portuguese abstract: A Portuguese translation of this abstract is freely available athttp://www.reproduction-online.org/content/150/1/77/suppl/DC1.
Phenotypic differences in nebivolol metabolism and bioavailability in healthy volunteers
Authors: Briciu Corina , Neag Maria , Muntean Dana , Bocsan Corina , Buzoianu Anca , Antonescu Oana , Gheldiu Ana-Maria , Achim Marcela , Popa Adina , Vlase Laurian
Published: April 2015

Introduction: Nebivolol, a third-generation β-blocker, is subject to extensive first-pass metabolism and produces active β-blocking hydroxylated metabolites, like 4-OH-nebivolol. It is primarily a substrate of CYP2D6, a metabolic pathway that is under polymorphic genetic regulation. The objective of this study was to assess the metabolizer phenotype and to evaluate the interphenotype bioavailability and metabolism of nebivolol.Material and methods: Forty-three healthy volunteers were included in this open-label, non-randomized clinical trial and each volunteer received a single dose of 5 mg nebivolol. Non-compartmental pharmacokinetic analysis was performed to determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite. The phenotypic distribution was assessed based on the AUC (aria under the curve) metabolic ratio of nebivolol/4-OH-nebivolol and statistical analysis. An interphenotype comparison of nebivolol metabolism and bioavailability was performed based on the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite.Results: Nebivolol/4-OH-nebivolol AUC metabolic ratios were not characterized by a standard normal distribution. The unique distribution emphasized the existence of two groups and the 43 healthy volunteers were classified as follows: poor metabolizers (PMs)=3, extensive metabolizers (EMs)=40. The phenotype had a marked impact on nebivolol metabolism. The exposure to nebivolol was 15-fold greater for PMs in comparison to EMs.  Conclusion: 40 EMs and 3 PMs were differentiated by using the pharmacokinetic parameters of nebivolol and its active metabolite. The study highlighted the existence of interphenotype differences regarding nebivolol metabolism and bioavailability.