bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
INFLUENCE OF WATCHING ADVERTISEMENTS ON KIDS’ FOOD CHOICES
Authors: Hassan
Published: July 2023

This study aimed to determine the nature, content and duration of advertisements broadcasted during children’s television programs and to understand their influence on children preferences of specific food products. After the advertisements’ content analysis for three days broadcasted on two famous children television channels and one primetime channel, a questionnairewas constructed based on food products advertised. Data was collected from 150 children aged between 5-15 years. Based on the children’s view obtained from the questionnaire, favorite TV channel asked was compared with the food preferences. This study explored the significant difference between children’s food preference influenced by advertisements on children channel 2 as compared to channel 1 and primetime channel. In conclusion, Channel 2 has more frequent food advertisements which has influenced food choices among children. So, displaying more healthy food advertisements could be a source to educate children in making healthy choices regarding food products and consumer decisions.
GEOSPATIAL APPLICATIONS FOR DETERMINATION OF PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENTAL ATTRIBUTES OF CEMENT INDUSTRIES IN SALT RANGE AREA
Authors: S.R. Ahmad
Published: July 2023

The cement industry plays a fundamental role in the economic growth of a country for both developed and under developed countries. However, it is posing a great threat to the environment. This study aimed to investigate key environmental risks associated with the cement industry. The environmental assessment was conducted for eight cement industries situated in the Salt Range area, Pakistan. Ambient air monitoring was carried out according to the USEPA prescribed merthods. Stack emissions were tested for 24 hours and the annual averages for TSP, COx, NOx, and SOx were estimated. The noise was also monitored across the study area. The results showed that airpollution is mainly caused by PM2.5, PM10, & TSP. Stack emissions exceeded Punjab Environmental Quality Standards (PEQS) for CO and Cl2. Noise pollution exceeded in day and night at 12 and 20locations respectively. The above-mentioned low environmental quality due to cement industries may intensify acute human diseases in the Salt Range area.
ACCURACY OF PATIENTS AGE ASSESSMENT FROM FRONTAL CHEST RADIOGRAPHS
Authors: M. Hameed  , S.Mahar  , B.Das  , A.R.Khumaini  , A.Ullah  , M.Jamil
Published: July 2023

Background: Chest radiograph interpretation can be aided by knowing the patient'sage. Patients’ age is often assessed by radiologists from costal cartilage calcification assessment ofchest radiographs with anteroposterior views. Objectives: Therefore, we performed this research todetermine the precision of these radiologists in age estimation from CXRs. Methods: Ten radiologyexperts were selected to evaluate 3500 chest digital radiography with posterior-anterior images, inNational Institute of Child Health Karachi/JSMU from January 2022 to 2023. The most importantinclusion criteria were selecting normal or nearly normal radiographs in the study. Radiologists wereblind to patients actual age and were requested to determine patient’s age to closest decade from CXR.The respondents entered their responses in separate Excel spreadsheets. Results: A sum of 3,500CXRs was interpreted by radiologists, out of which 32.14% CXRs were correctly interpreteddetermining age at SD + 3 years, whereas 2375 CXRs were either overrated or underestimated(p<0.05) and misinterpreted the age of patients (2375/3500; 67.85%). Conclusion: Overall ageassessment from a frontal CXR was only 32.14% in our study; considerable disparities were identifiedin age estimation using CXRs. Yet, it would be fascinating to expand this academic endeavor throughartificial intelligence tools and possibly improving the precision of patient age prediction from CXR.This approach for determining the age will be useful for screening tests in the prospect.
Bunga Gairah: Tanaman Obat Yang Cantik
Authors: Wiguna Kadek Karina Maharani , Rai I Wayan , Sudharsana Tjok Istri Ratna Cora
Published: July 2023

Bunga Gairah adalah tanaman tumbuhan yang ditemukan Asia Tenggara. Bunga Gairah ini merupakan bahan herbal yang digunakan secara historis dalam mengobati berbagai masalah kesehatan. Pada suatu saat misionaris menemukan tanaman yang dirasa sebagai pertanda baik untuk misi mereka serta dianggap simbol kematian Yesus Kristus. Bunga Gairah ini dipakai sebagai ide penciptaan karya busana ready to wear, ready to wear deluxe dan semi haute couture ini untuk mewujudkan busana konsep trend exuberant dan dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan program Studi/Projek Independen MBKM di CV. Biat Design.   Bunga Gairah diimplementasikan dengan teori analogi dan kata kunci terpilih yaitu: petal, melilit, korona, berbonggol, keunikan. Metode penciptaan yang digunakan yaitu terdiri dari delapan tahapan penciptaan “Frangipani” Desain Fashion dari Tjok Istri Ratna C.S., tahun 2016 meliputi design brief, research and sourching, design development, sample, prototype, dummy, final collection, promoting, branding, sale, production business. Hasil penciptaan ini diharapkan dapat menambah kepustakaan khususnya dibidang fashion dengan teori analogi Bunga Gairah yang diimplementasikan ke dalam wujud busana konsep trend exuberant.
TELAAH ESTETIKA PARADOKS PADA GUNUNGAN WAYANG JAWA
Authors: Kusuma Dewi Agustina
Published: July 2023

Gunungan wayang kulit Jawa, diposisikan sebagai objek yang bernilai simbolik tradisi, juga simbolik berdasar religi. Dalam hal ini, Gunungan merupakan wujud dari hadiranya daya-kuasa bersifat adikodrati, melingkupi kehidupan manusia baik mikro-kosmos, mau pun makro kosmos. Gunungan wayang Jawa, menjadi sebuah simbol presentasional, yang tidak hanya mengungkap perihal keindahan, namun bermakna untuk mengkomunikasikan hal-hal yang mengandung makna transenden. Bersandar pada pendekatan studi budaya dan analisis teks, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konstruksi visual pada wayang secara umum, dengan estetika paradoks. Konstruksi visual berkaitan tidak hanya pada unsur pembagian ruang melalui perupaan yang divisualisasikan dalam Gunungan, namun, juga melibatkan unsur bentuk Gunungan itu sendiri. Dari hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa Gunungan mengandung makna simbolisme tradisi dan religi, yang dihadirkan dari struktur ruang bersifat dualitas, bawah dan atas, vertikal-horisontal sebagai wujud konstruksi kebudayaan Jawa mengenai perilaku hidup manusia yang berisi ajaran-ajaran baik, kebijaksanaan hidup untuk menerima yang sudah digariskan; namun, juga menghadirkan konstruksi ruang ketiga, yaitu, ruang transisi, ruang pembatinan; yang merupakan pemersatu dari kedua ruang yang saling berseberangan sehingga menghadirkan harmoni.
KATEKIS PROFESIONAL DI TENGAH KONSTELASI MASYARAKAT EKONOMI ASEAN(MEA)
Authors: Dahurandi Keristian
Published: July 2023

Now, we are in Asean Economic society. It means every man is demanded to improve him/herself, undergoing severe training as a competitive person in order to not be marginalized in MEA. Catehist as the part of society is also included in this insist. So, the catechists must perform theirself competitively and professionally. As a professional, chatechist must have the standard of expert and certain competency in running their profession.The consequences of prefession is contract of employment, namely doing the job in compliance with minimal demand rewarded and decided standard. Beside it, pastoral as a profession has etiher inside or outside competition. The outside competitions such as the the better capability and skill.

Through this article, Christian Dahurandi presents the ideal concept about the ideal, professional and competitive chatechist in coping with MEA. At least, the writer suggests that in relation with inside competition, pastoral agent must competitive and creative in obtaining the job opportunity. The pastoral profession will face the global market context that current to free trade are in MEA asociation.
Peran Tu’a Golo Dalam Konteks Perubahan Sosial (Studi Etnografisgendang Di Kecamatan Langke Rembong, Kabupaten Manggarai Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur)
Authors: Dahurandi Keristian
Published: July 2023

Tu’a golo is the name for the head of beo/gendang (kampong, corresponds to the traditional rural community) within the cultural setting of Manggaraian society, in the East Nusa Tenggara Province. Basically, the main role of tu’a golo is closely related to the traditional system of governance of Manggaraian society which includes: first, mbaru bate kaeng (house of residence), second, uma bate duat (place of work), third, natas bate labar (village yard for socializing and creativity), fourth, wae bate teku (water springs for life), fifth, compang (altar offerings). In the context of Gendang in the District of Langke Rembong, the role of tu’a golo is shifting due to several things: first, the diversity of single activity of the house to plurality of social activities offered by various social institutions; secondly, there is limited space (lingko) to be able to carry out the role of lodok lingko (distribution of land) so that tu’a golo only acts as a witness concerning the boundaries of the ownership of the land when the issue of positive law arises; third, the paradigm shift of thinking of the people because of the development of science and technology which tends to revise the traditional way or cultural approach that is considered traditional.
EDITORIAL : MEA, KATEKIS DAN PENDIIDKAN
Authors: Mansur Inosentius
Published: July 2023

MEA, KATEKIS DAN PENDIIDKAN
INKULTURASI SEBAGAI PROSES PEMBATINAN IMAN DAN NILAI-NILAI KRISTIANI
Authors: Segar Alfons
Published: July 2023

This paper purpots to spell out the crucial challenges which emerge in the encounter beteen the local Christian communities and their traditional cultures:in other words, the interaction between the faith in Jesus Christ received from missionaries and ther salient features of the cultures which have shaped the people down the centuries.It aims, likewise, to outline the fruitful possibilities ofthe encounter.The basic assumptions ofthe concept of Inculturation are taken forgranted namelythat Inculturation neverto be conceived as a finished product, is essentially a process through which Faith in Jesus endures as the principle of inspiration and of action within a given culture. And that Inculturation of the Faith goes beyond the frontiers of Liturgy, spiritual-pastoral life and ecclesial organizations, and embraces the entire ambit of human life. Evangelization and Inculturation are positively correlated terms in an eminent degree.
Kitab Suci Dalam Komunitas Basis Gerejani (KBG) di Paroki Katedral Ruteng-Manggarai-Flores
Authors: Satu Adam
Published: July 2023

Basic Christian Community(BCC) is a newwayofbeing Church. The fundamental self-understanding ofthe Basic Christian Communitybecomes clear from“being a community of Jesus" and the Community stands under the apostolic norm of discipleship ofJesus wich is to be realized again and again in new circumstances. The rearch of Fr.Adam shows clearly a realistic picture about the appreciation of the members in various Basic Christian Communities in the Cathedral Parish in Ruteng that The practice of Bible Sharing is a phenomenon that is still to be properly socialized due to the fact that Basic Christian Community is a new movement in the Church.There is for sure a gap between the appreciation and the reality of participation and involvement in the Basic Christian Communities. The do have the Bible at home and honor it in a special place but still they don't have yet a regular habit to read the bible.
Obesity alters the fitness of peritumoral adipose tissue, exacerbating tumor invasiveness in renal cancer through the induction of ADAM12 and CYP1B1
Authors: Torabinejad Sepehr , Miro Caterina , Nappi Annarita , Del Giudice Francesco , Cicatiello Annunziata Gaetana , Sagliocchi Serena , Acampora Lucia , Restolfer Federica , Murolo Melania , Di Cicco Emery , Capone Federico , Imbimbo Ciro , Dentice Monica , Crocetto Felice
Published: January 2025

Obesity exacerbates the risk and aggressiveness of many types of cancer. Adipose tissue (AT) represents a prevalent component of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and contributes to cancer development and progression. Reciprocal communication between cancer and adipose cells leads to the generation of cancer‐associated adipocytes (CAAs), which in turn foster tumor invasiveness by producing paracrine metabolites, adipocytokines, and growth factors. Interfering with the crosstalk between CAAs and cancer cells is of key relevance in the prevention of tumor progression. The present study aimed to analyze the contribution of peritumoral AT in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) progression in lean versus overweight or obese patients. By isolating human adipose‐derived stromal/stem cells from the three groups of patients and performing conditioned medium studies with RCC cells along with in vivo xenograft experiments, we found that peritumoral adipocytes from the three groups show a distinct expression profile of genes. In particular, ADAM metallopeptidase domain 12 (ADAM12) and cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) were found to be upregulated in obesity and their silencing reduced RCC cell invasiveness. In conclusion, high ADAM12 and CYP1B1 expressions in the peritumoral adipocytes boost tumor invasiveness and may serve as an indicator of poor prognosis in RCC.
Anaerobic Cocci
Authors: She Rosemary C. , Church Deirdre L.
Published: January 2025

The anaerobic cocci are a prominent part of the normal human microbiota of the skin, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and female genital tract. Gram‐positive anaerobic cocci (GPAC) can be important human pathogens, and next to the Gram‐negative anaerobic bacilli (GNAC), these anaerobes are the most isolated in clinically relevant infections. Anaerobic cocci recovered in isolation from specimens obtained from specific types of invasive infections and specimen types should be fully identified to the genus and often species level. Anaerobic cocci isolated from blood cultures, other sterile fluids, deep organ tissues, deep wounds, or abscesses may particularly be fully analyzed to aid clinical management. Anaerobic cocci can be identified by Gram stain, colonial morphology, rapid tests, and various biochemical reactions, in tube or kit systems.
Finegoldia magna
is the most predominant pathogen among the GPAC and can be solely responsible for several different types of infections.
Staining, Culture, and Identification Methods for Acid‐Fast Bacilli and Fungi Recovered from Positive Blood Cultures
Authors: Lainhart William D. , Luethy Paul M.
Published: January 2025

Fungemia is often a result of disseminated fungal infections in immunosuppressed patients and can be a significant cause of mortality.
Candida
spp. are the most common cause of fungemia, with filamentous fungi causing fewer cases. Very few filamentous fungi are generally recoverable from blood culture bottles; the most common fungi include
Histoplasma capsulatum
,
Blastomyces
spp.
Fusarium
spp., and
Trichosporon
spp.
Aspergillus
spp. are rarely recovered from blood and associated with true fungemia, with the rare exception of
Aspergillus terreus
. Bloodstream infections with acid fast bacilli typically occur as a result of disseminated disease in immunocompromised individuals. Culture methods of positive blood cultures for acid‐fast bacilli and fungal blood cultures are similar to those followed for bacterial blood cultures. After the blood culture instrument detects growth in the bottle, the appropriate stain(s) is performed and examined and the broth is plated to agar media to allow microorganism growth and identification.
Sequence‐Based Identification and Typing
Authors: She Rosemary , Fisher Mark A. , Kozyreva Varvara K. , Yang Shangxin
Published: January 2025

Sequence‐based analysis is an alternate method for bacterial and fungal identification of cultured isolates. The polymerase chain reaction product is sequenced, and a database is queried with the sequence. The possibility of a select agent should be ruled out following public health guidance before attempting sequence‐based identification. Sequence‐based identification of bacteria is most useful for identification of nonfermenting Gram‐negative bacilli, anaerobes, mycobacterium, and the actinomycetes. Deep amplicon sequencing, also known as targeted metagenomic sequencing, first evolved from human microbiome research more than 2 decades ago. Microbial whole‐genome sequencing is a type of massively parallel sequencing technology capable of determining a complete genomic sequence of a pathogen. Next‐generation sequencing (NGS)‐based metagenomic sequencing, which directly detects and identifies multiple microbial species simultaneously from a biological sample, comprises two distinct methodologies: targeted metagenomic NGS and shotgun metagenomic sequencing.
Environmental Sampling and Cultures
Authors: Mietzner Sue M. , Stout Janet E. , Coulliette Angela D. , Arduino Matthew J. , Luethy Paul M. , Robinson Gwen , Johnson J. Kristie , Schlueter Annette , Ford Bradley , Lau Anna F. , Verma Punam
Published: January 2025

Legionella spp.
are generally found in aquatic environments. The processing method to use depends on the sample type, potable or nonpotable, and the expected concentrations of
Legionella spp.
and background microbiota. Limit of detection, expressed in colony‐forming units/mL, is determined by several factors in the processing of a water sample. Patients undergoing hemodialysis are at risk for the development of endotoxin‐mediated pyrogenic reactions, Gram‐negative bacteremia with sepsis, and chronic inflammatory response syndrome. The presence of heterotrophic bacteria is indicative of contamination from improperly treated water or presence of biofilm growth. Air is the medium that transports fungi from sources such as soil, construction disturbances, and moldy hospital environments. Air sampling should not be initiated lightly, since the conduct and interpretation of air cultures for fungi are relatively complex. This chapter presents the considerations before undertaking environmental surface sampling.
Outbreak Investigations: Laboratory and Epidemiologic Concepts
Authors: Johnson J. Kristie , Vonberg Ralf‐Peter , Clausmeyer Jörg‐Olaf , Behnke Michael , Nori Priya , Jain Ruchika , Orner Erika
Published: January 2025

Close collaboration and communications between a hospital's infection prevention program and the clinical microbiology laboratory will facilitate the support provided to detect and investigate outbreaks. Criteria for routine storage of isolates should be established to include isolates recovered from normally sterile body sites, common organisms causing health care‐associated infections, and those with unusual susceptibility patterns. An organism bank provides for long‐term viability and availability of significant bacterial and fungal isolates for both clinical and epidemiological use. Nosocomial outbreaks are usually clustered temporally and/or geographically. Some of them can be traced to a common source, while others are the consequence of increased person‐to‐person transmission. Reporting and surveillance of infectious diseases are core components of our public health infrastructure. The necessity of robust reporting and surveillance systems was underscored during public health emergencies of the past decade.
Quality Control
Authors: Hubbard Nicole , Cervinski Mark A.
Published: January 2025

Quality control is an essential part of a quality management system and enables the laboratory to detect analytical errors and maintain precise and accurate results. To achieve this, laboratories should have policies that address specimen collection criteria, review of test performance that includes all aspects of the test (personnel, media, reagents, instrumentation, test results), and documentation of appropriate verification or validation studies. The quality control guidelines are derived from a combination of United States federal regulations, various not‐for‐profit standards institutes, and best practice guidance from various published manuscripts. It should be noted that the federal regulations mandated by the Clinical Laboratories Improvement Act (CLIA) are the minimum required standards, and the best practice for quality control may include additional procedures not outlined in CLIA. Various individual state governments may impose additional requirements above the minimums required in CLIA, such as the New York State regulations.
Microscopy
Authors: Dallas Steven D.
Published: January 2025

Microscopic examination remains the first step in detecting a broad range of pathogens, both directly from specimens and for assessing the morphology of organisms from solid or liquid culture media. The most profound limitation of direct specimen microscopy is poor sensitivity compared to culture and molecular techniques. The specificity of microscopy compared to culture may also be an issue in direct specimen examination. Visible light exhibits the characteristics of particles, waves, and rays. Contrast is the ability to find and see the specimen surface or internal structural details distinctly. The eyepieces, or oculars, contain the final lenses in the optical train. Bright‐field microscopy is the basic technique of any light microscope in the clinical laboratory. Köhler illumination was developed in the 1890s by August Köhler. The fluorescence microscope was developed in the early 20th century.
Streptococcus
Authors: J. Adam Heather , Tyrrell Gregory , Martin Irene
Published: January 2025

This chapter focuses on well‐known and novel streptococcal species found in human specimens and covers changes that were applied to the taxonomy of streptococci in recent years. Streptococci can cause infections in humans and in many animal species, including mammals and fish. Transmission of streptococcal infections occurs by various routes. Pathogenic species such as
S. pyogenes
and
S.pneumoniae
, which colonize the upper respiratory tract, are primarily transmitted through direct contact or droplets.
S. agalactiae
transmission from mother to child can occur during birth and within the first seven days of life. Human beta‐hemolytic group C and group G streptococci are defined as
S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis
, while group C and L streptococcal animal isolates are classified as
S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae
.
S. mutans
and
S. sobrinus
belong to the S. mutans group.
Mycotoxins
Authors: Luciano‐Rosario Dianiris , Keller Nancy P.
Published: January 2025

Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by many different species of ubiquitous fungi that have adverse effects on humans and animals. This chapter reviews the most common mycotoxins and their relevance to sick building syndrome, bioterrorism, and food safety. It briefly addresses the impact of mycotoxins on animal and human health. The aflatoxin class of mycotoxins was the first to be discovered and studied. Citrinin is a simple, low‐molecular‐weight compound that crystallizes as light yellow needles. Cyclopiazonic acid is an indole‐tetramic acid mycotoxin produced by several species of
Penicillium
and
Aspergillus
. Fumonisins are among the most recently discovered mycotoxins. Zearalenone is a common contaminant of cereal crops worldwide and has been implicated in hyperestrogenism of farm animals as a result of digestion of moldy corn and grains.
Specimen Collection, Transport, and Processing: Parasitology
Authors: Garcia Lynne S. , Shimizu Robyn Y.
Published: January 2025

Routine diagnostic parasitology generally includes laboratory procedures designed to detect organisms within clinical specimens by using morphological criteria rather than culture, biochemical tools, and/or physical growth characteristics. Parasite identification is frequently based on bright‐field‐microscopic analysis of concentrated and/or stained preparations. The most common specimen submitted to the diagnostic laboratory is the stool specimen, and the most commonly performed procedure in parasitology is the ova and parasite examination, which is composed of three separate protocols: the direct wet mount, the concentration, and the permanent stained smear. The aspirates most commonly processed in the parasitology laboratory include fine needle and duodenal aspirates. Fine‐needle aspirates may be submitted for slide preparation, culture, and/or molecular analyses. Sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage or washings, and transtracheal secretions may be submitted for examination for parasites. Biopsy specimens are recommended for the microscopic detection of tissue parasites. Nucleic acid‐based diagnostic tests have been developed for almost all species of parasites.
A Review of Electroplastic Effect on Difficult‐to‐Machine Materials in Cutting Processing
Authors: Dong Xiaoyu , Pan Yanan , Fang Jitao , Pan Yongzhi , Gao Jichang , Fu Xiuli
Published: January 2025

Electroplastic effect refers to the role of pulsed current, material plasticity, and microstructural properties change, resulting in an increase in the plasticity of the material, the deformation resistance is reduced, and thus improves the processing performance of the phenomenon. This article summarizes the Joule thermal effect and a variety of nonthermal effects of the electrophysical effect mechanism, of which the nonthermal effects include pure electrophysical effect, magnetic field compression effect, and skin effect. The application of electroplastic‐assisted technology in cutting machining, such as turning, milling, drilling, and so on, and the potential application in other manufacturing processes are summarized. The limitations and shortcomings of the electroplastic‐assisted technology are analyzed, including the limitations of the required special equipment, machining platforms, and electric pulse parameters. The effects of different electric pulse parameters on the machinability of various types of difficult‐to‐machine metallic materials are summarized. The electric pulse parameters within a certain threshold range can promote the dynamic recrystallization of the workpiece, enhance the plastic deformation of the cutting zone, reduce the cutting force, improve the surface finish, and reduce tool wear. Finally, this article summarizes and looks forward to the electroplastic‐assisted cutting technology.
A Peptide Nanoregulator Enriched at the Endoplasmic Reticulum for Boosting Fractionated Radiotherapy‐Mediated Antitumor Immune Response
Authors: Cai Xiaoyao , Wang Dianyu , Xu Wei , Ren Chunhua , Zhang Yumin , Yang Lijun , Liu Jianfeng , Yang Cuihong
Published: January 2025

Fractionated radiotherapy (FRT), typically delivering low‐dose radiation of 2 Gy per fraction, has been used as the main clinical treatment regimen for various tumors. However, its therapeutic efficacy is severely hindered by inadequate pro‐immunogenic effect and ionizing radiation‐induced immunosuppression. Herein, a peptide nanoregulator (SPER‐NO‐Ind) is constructed from self‐assembling peptides that can enrich nitric oxide (NO) at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and inhibit indoleamine 2,3‐dioxygenase (IDO) to enhance FRT‐mediated antitumor immunity and reinforce treatment outcomes. SPER‐NO‐Ind triggered S‐nitrosylation of the ryanodine receptor by ER‐specific enrichment of NO, triggering the release of Ca2+ within ER and induction of robust ER stress. The combination of 2 Gy γ‐radiation with SPER‐NO‐Ind induced intense immunogenic cell death (ICD) in ER‐stressed 4T1 cells. Furthermore, this nanoregulator inhibited IDO and decreased kynurenine production, reversing FRT‐induced immunosuppressive effects. The combined application of FRT and SPER‐NO‐Ind demonstrated superior efficacy in suppressing breast tumor growth, amplifying abscopal effects, and inhibiting metastasis in mice. The SPER‐NO‐Ind treatment achieved a 40% decrease in the total radiation dose while securing equivalent tumor suppression efficacy. Collectively, the work presents a facile approach to augment the efficacy of fractionated radiotherapy for tumors, opening up a new way to enhance the antitumor immune response of radiotherapy.
Shape‐Reconfigurable Crack‐Based Strain Sensor with Ultrahigh and Tunable Sensitivity
Authors: Lee Seungjae , Lee Youngoh , Park Cheolhong , Ro Yun Goo , Kwak Min Sub , Jeong Geonyoung , Park Junseo , Lee Hyejin , Kim Pan Kyeom , Chung Sung‐Il , Ko Hyunhyub
Published: January 2025

In the field of wearable electronics and human–machine interfaces, there is a growing need for highly sensitive and adaptable sensors capable of detecting a wide range of stimuli with high precision. Traditional sensors often lack the versatility to adjust their sensitivity for different applications. Inspired by the mechanosensory system of spiders, a shape‐reconfigurable crack‐based sensor with ultrahigh and tunable strain sensitivity based on the precise control of nanocrack formation on a shape memory polymer substrate is demonstrated. This design incorporates a line‐patterned substrate composed of a thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) matrix and thermo‐responsive shape memory polymer, poly(lactic acid) (PLA), to form parallel nanocracks in a thin platinum film. This design achieves an ultrahigh gauge factor of 2.7 × 109 at 2% strain, significantly surpassing conventional sensors. The shape memory property of the TPU/PLA substrate enables tunable strain sensitivity according to the desired strain range, eliminating the need for multiple sensors. The sensor demonstrates exceptional capabilities in detecting subtle strains (as low as 0.025%), monitoring biological signals, and sensing acoustic waves (100–20 000 Hz) with a response time of 0.025 ms. This work represents a significant advancement toward strain sensors with both ultrahigh and tunable sensitivity.
Manipulation of the Anode Interphase by Multicomponent Composite Sodium for Fast‐Charging and Low‐Temperature Sodium Metal Batteries
Authors: Li Menghong , Li Chen , Lu Guanjie , Wang Ronghua , Luo Zicheng , Li Zongyang , Deng Rongrui , Zheng Weikang , Wang Wenjie , Fang Yongheng , Qu Baihua , Xu Chaohe
Published: January 2025

Stable operation in the all‐climate condition is a practical pursuit of the development of high‐performance sodium metal batteries (SMBs), however, blocked by the instable interphases and slow kinetics of metallic anode. Herein, a unique multicomponent Na15Sn4/NaF@Na composite anode is specially designed by mechanical rolling method, in which Na15Sn4 can lower the nucleation barrier and promote the uniform deposition of Na+, while NaF can prevent electron tunneling and stabilize the interface in the commercially available ester electrolyte, finally enhance performance of the cell. The synergistic manipulated interface by the composite anode can not only facilitate a high stripping/plating capacity and ultralong lifespan without dendrite formation, but also endow the full SMB an ultrafast charging capability and outstanding low‐temperature performance: The Na15Sn4/NaF@Na||NVP full cell operates stably for 1175 cycles at an ultrahigh current density of 100 C with 80% capacity retention at room temperature, and maintains stability over 1000 cycles at −20 °C with 97.9% capacity retention. Moreover, the remarkable stability of the full cell at the extreme low temperature of −40 °C or even under the extreme temperature shock, combined with the impressive performance of the pouch cell validly demonstrate the practical application aspect of Na15Sn4/NaF@Na composite anode.
Alkoxy Modification of the Terminal Group in Nonfullerene Acceptors to Achieve Efficient Ternary Organic Solar Cells With a High Open‐Circuit Voltage
Authors: Chen Qiaoling , Gao Yan , Dong Jiaxuan , Yang Yujie , Huang Hao , Aniés Filip , Bian Ziqing , Xu Xinjun , Li Cuihong , Yao Chuang , Heeney Martin , Li Wenhua , Bo Zhishan
Published: January 2025

Y‐series nonfullerene acceptors (NFAs) usually bear halogenated end groups to achieve narrow bandgaps and tunable molecules crystallinity; however, it results in small open‐circuit voltage (Voc) of 0.8–0.9 V. Here, three Y‐series NFAs BTP‐eC9‐G51, BTP‐eC9‐G52, and BTP‐eC9‐G53 are synthesized by introducing both an electron‐withdrawing fluoro group and electron‐donating alkoxy group to commonly used 2‐(3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydroinden1‐ylidene)‐malononitrile (IC) terminal groups. These compounds demonstrate a high Voc larger than 0.9 V when employed as acceptors in organic solar cells (0.91 V for BTP‐eC9‐G51 and 0.95 V for the others). The effect of alkoxy chain length of the molecules on the photoelectric properties is systematically studied. The results show that the dipole moments and aggregation behaviors of these molecules changes obviously with the increase of alkoxy chain length. The active layer based on BTP‐eC9‐G51 shows suitable phase separation structure and good charge transport. Devices based on BTP‐eC9‐G51 achieve a device efficiency of 16.65%, higher than those of BTP‐eC9‐G52 and BTP‐eC9‐G53 based devices (14.33% and 13.24%, respectively). Furthermore, BTP‐eC9‐G51 is introduced into D18:L8‐BO devices as a third component, which improves the Jsc and Voc, reduces the nonradiation energy loss, and the device efficiency is increased to 19.03% with a high Voc of 0.92 V.
Ultrasonically Deposited Boron‐Doped Silicon Decorated with Laser‐Generated Iridium Nanoparticles as Manufacturing Approach for OER Electrodes in PEM Water Electrolysis
Authors: Kazamer Norbert , Tack Meike , Spree Mathias , Underberg Martin , Rost Ulrich , Reichenberger Sven , Cieluch Maximilian , Salih Haujin , Wirkert Florian , Böhm Leonard , Roth Jeffrey , Nallathambi Varatharaja , Gault Baptiste , Baer Christoph , Orend Kerstin , Barcikowski Stephan , Hülser Tim , Brodmann Michael
Published: January 2025

The study introduces flexible and scalable manufacturing approach for electrodes utilizing boron‐doped silicon as conductive support for iridium nanoparticles, addressing the challenges of cost and scarcity associated wit noble catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Colloidal Ir nanoparticles are synthesized via pulsed‐laser ablation (≈4–7 nm) and decorated on B‐doped Si (≈100 nm) through electrostatic adsorption. Titanium substrates are ultrasonically sprayed with Si:B – Ir and Ir nanoparticles with very low iridium loading of 12 wt.%. Crystalline Ir phases (Ir(111), Ir(200)) are observed and known to enhance the OER mechanism. Additionally, atom probe tomography confirms that the Si support particles contained 0.03‐0.5 at% of boron throughout the entire particle, while electrical permittivity and through‐plane measurements reveal a positive impact of B‐doped Si on the electrical conductivity of the nanocatalysts and of the ultralow‐loaded catalyst coated Ti substrates (0.12 mgIr cm−2), respectively. Rotating disk electrode results show pronounced oxidation peaks for decorated Ir nanoparticles. The Si:B‐Ir 4 nm catalyst exhibits the highest turonover frequency (2.62 s⁻¹) and a competitive electrochemical surface area (25 m2 gIr−1) compared to Si:B‐Ir 7 nm (0.96 s⁻¹; 37.5 m2 gIr−1) and Ir black (0.24 s⁻¹; 5 m2 gIr−1). The overall analysis of the parameters highlights a performant catalytic efficiency, through balancing activity and reaction kinetics effectively.
Time‐Resolved and Blue‐Shifted Pure Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence by Dynamic Isolation of Triplet Exciton in Crystal
Authors: Wang Yike , Zhang Longyan , Zhang Jingyu , Sun Chengxi , Lv Qixin , Cui Dongyue , Li Ping , Zheng Chao , Chen Runfeng
Published: January 2025

Organic room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) with rich photophysical properties has attracted great interest, but it remains a big challenge to realize pure RTP without fluorescence in steady‐state photoluminescence (SSPL) and blue‐shifted RTP that intrinsically restricted by the spin‐forbidden intersystem crossing (ISC) and the radiative decay of the low‐lying triplet excited state. Herein, two fluorescence‐free RTP molecules based on β‐diketone‐bridged phenoselenazine/phenothiazine are developed, which contain either Se or S heteroatom in the phosphor to significantly promote ISC; and, both isolated and J‐aggregated phosphors are formed in crystal, where the J‐aggregation can not only facilitate the ISC for pure RTP but also strength the emission for high phosphorescent quantum yield of 22.3%, while the isolated phosphor affords longer RTP lifetime up to 131 ms. Excitingly, blue‐shifted (35 nm compare to SSPL) pure RTP from yellow‐green (525 nm) to cyan (490 nm) that dynamically depending on the time and temperature is observed for the first time. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the regulation of time/temperature‐dependent RTP is attributed to the different lifetimes of the isolated and aggregated emission owing to the dynamic competition between different accumulation modes of phosphors in crystal aided by the interrupted conjugation by the sp3 C of β‐diketone.
Band Tailoring Enabled Perovskite Devices for X‐Ray to Near‐Infrared Photodetection
Authors: He Yi‐Chu , Dun Guan‐Hua , Deng Jun , Peng Jia‐Li , Qin Ken , Zhang Jia‐He , Geng Xiang‐Shun , Zhang Min‐Shu , Wang Ze‐Shu , Xie Yan , Bai Zhao‐Qiang , Xie Dan , Tian He , Yang Yi , Ren Tian‐Ling
Published: January 2025

Perovskite semiconductors have shown significant promise for photodetection due to their low effective carrier masses and long carrier lifetimes. However, achieving balanced detection across a broad spectrum—from X‐rays to infrared—within a single perovskite photodetector presents challenges. These challenges stem from conflicting requirements for different wavelength ranges, such as the narrow bandgap needed for infrared detection and the low dark current necessary for X‐ray sensitivity. To address this, this study have designed a type‐II FAPbI3 perovskite‐based heterojunction featuring a large energy band offset utilizing narrow bandgap tellurium (Te) semiconductor. This innovative design broadens the detection range into the infrared while simultaneously reducing dark current noise. As‐designed device allows for the detection of near infrared band, achieving a detectivity of 6.8 × 109 Jones at 1550 nm. The low dark current enables X‐ray sensitivity of up to 1885.1 µC Gy⁻¹ cm⁻2. First‐principles calculations confirm the type‐II band structure alignment of the heterojunction, and a self‐driven response behavior is realized. Moreover, this study have developed a scalable 40 × 1 sensor array, demonstrating the potential for wide‐spectrum imaging applications. This work is expected to advance the application of perovskite‐based wide‐spectrum devices.
Multimodal imaging of murine cerebrovascular dynamics induced by transcranial pulse stimulation
Authors: Karakatsani Maria Eleni , Nozdriukhin Daniil , Tiemann Savannah , Yoshihara Hikari A. I. , Storz Rafael , Belau Markus , Ni Ruiqing , Razansky Daniel , Deán‐Ben Xosé Luís
Published: January 2025

INTRODUCTION

Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) is increasingly being investigated as a promising potential treatment for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although the safety and preliminary clinical efficacy of TPS short pulses have been supported by neuropsychological scores in treated AD patients, its fundamental mechanisms are uncharted.

METHODS

Herein, we used a multi‐modal preclinical imaging platform combining real‐time volumetric optoacoustic tomography, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging, and ex vivo immunofluorescence to comprehensively analyze structural and hemodynamic effects induced by TPS. Cohorts of healthy and AD transgenic mice were imaged during and after TPS exposure at various per‐pulse energy levels.

RESULTS

TPS enhanced the microvascular network, whereas the blood–brain barrier remained intact following the procedure. Notably, higher pulse energies were necessary to induce hemodynamic changes in AD mice, arguably due to their impacted vessels.

DISCUSSION

These findings shed light on cerebrovascular dynamics induced by TPS treatment, and hence are expected to assist improving safety and therapeutic outcomes.

Highlights

Transcranial pulse stimulation (TPS) facilitates transcranial wave propagation using short pulses to avoid tissue heating.

Preclinical multi‐modal imaging combines real‐time volumetric optoacoustic (OA) tomography, contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (CE‐MRI), and ex vivo immunofluorescence to comprehensively analyze structural and hemodynamic effects induced by TPS.

Blood volume enhancement in microvascular networks was reproducibly observed with real‐time OA imaging during TPS stimulation.

CE‐MRI and gross pathology further confirmed that the brain architecture was maintained intact without blood–brain barrier (BBB) opening after TPS exposure, thus validating the safety of the procedure.

Higher pulse energies were necessary to induce hemodynamic changes in AD compared to wild‐type animals, arguably due to their pathological vessels.
Leveraging Iron in the Electrolyte to Improve Oxygen Evolution Reaction Performance: Fundamentals, Strategies, and Perspectives
Authors: Li Haiyan , Zhang Yuwei , Chen Yubo , Li Yang , Li Zhongjian , Yang Bin , Zhang Qinghua , Lu Jianguo , Lei Lecheng , Xu Zhichuan J. , Hou Yang
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical water splitting is a pivotal technology for storing intermittent electricity from renewable sources into hydrogen fuel. However, its overall energy efficiency is impeded by the sluggish oxygen evolution reaction (OER) at the anode. In the quest to design high‐performance anode catalysts for driving the OER under non‐acidic conditions, iron (Fe) has emerged as a crucial element. Although the profound impact of adventitious electrolyte Fen+ species on OER catalysis had been reported forty years ago, recent interest in tailoring the electrode‐electrolyte interface has spurred studies on the controlled introduction of Fe ions into the electrolyte to improve OER performance. During the catalytic process, scenarios where the rate of Fen+ deposition on a specific host material outruns that of dissolution pave the way for establishing highly efficient and dynamically stable electrochemical interfaces for long‐term steady operation. This review systematically summarizes recent endeavors devoted to elucidating the behaviors of in situ Fe(aq.) incorporation, the role of incorporated Fe sites in the OER, and critical factors influencing the interplay between the electrode surface and Fe ions in the electrolyte environment. Finally, unexplored issues related to comprehensively understanding and leveraging the dynamic exchange of Fen+ at the interface for improved OER catalysis are summarized.
Defect‐Induced Electron Localization Promotes D2O Dissociation and Nitrile Adsorption for Deuterated Amines
Authors: Li Rui , He Meng , Cheng Chuanqi , Chen Fanpeng , Yang Lijun , Cui Jian‐Zhong , Liu Cuibo , Zhang Bin
Published: January 2025

Electrochemical reductive deuteration of nitriles is a promising strategy for synthesizing deuterated amines with D2O as the deuterated source. However, this reaction suffers from high overpotentials owing to the sluggish D2O dissociation kinetics and high thermodynamic stability of the C≡N triple bond. Here, low‐coordinated copper (LC−Cu) is designed to decrease the overpotential for the electrosynthesis of the precursor of Melatonin‐d4, 5‐methoxytryptamine‐d4, by 100 mV with a 68 % yield (Faradaic efficiency), which is 4 times greater than that of high‐coordinated copper (HC−Cu). The low coordinated sites induced an enrichment of electrons to concentrate K+ ions hydrated deuterium water (K⋅D2O) and decrease the energy of the Volmer step via the polarization effect, leading to a continuous supplementation of *D for the reductive deuteration of nitriles. Moreover, the enhanced local electric field changes the adsorption configuration of nitriles from a semibridge model to a flat model, leading to faster reduction kinetics of nitriles with a high reaction rate at lower potentials. High deuterium incorporation, a wide substrate scope, and easy gram‐scale synthesis over LC−Cu at 300 mA rationalize the design concept. Furthermore, the enhanced antitumor and antioxidation effects of Melatonin‐d4 highlight the great promise of deuterated drugs.
Evaluating the linguistic coverage of OpenAlex: An assessment of metadata accuracy and completeness
Authors: Céspedes Lucía , Kozlowski Diego , Pradier Carolina , Sainte‐Marie Maxime Holmberg , Shokida Natsumi Solange , Benz Pierre , Poitras Constance , Ninkov Anton Boudreau , Ebrahimy Saeideh , Ayeni Philips , Filali Sarra , Li Bing , Larivière Vincent
Published: January 2025

Clarivate's Web of Science (WoS) and Elsevier's Scopus have been for decades the main sources of bibliometric information. Although highly curated, these closed, proprietary databases are largely biased toward English‐language publications, underestimating the use of other languages in research dissemination. Launched in 2022, OpenAlex promised comprehensive, inclusive, and open‐source research information. While already in use by scholars and research institutions, the quality of its metadata is currently still being assessed. This paper contributes to this literature by assessing the completeness and accuracy of OpenAlex's metadata related to language, through a comparison with WoS, as well as an in‐depth manual validation of a sample of 6836 articles. Results show that OpenAlex exhibits a far more balanced linguistic coverage than WoS. However, language metadata are not always accurate, which leads OpenAlex to overestimate the place of English while underestimating that of other languages. If used critically, OpenAlex can provide comprehensive and representative analyses of languages used for scholarly publishing, but more work is needed at infrastructural level to ensure the quality of metadata on language.
Unlocking the Photoluminescence and Photostability of Au11 Clusters through Pt‐Mediated Band‐Gap Engineering
Authors: Raufman Benjamin , Aligholizadeh Dariush , Connolly Catherine , Oliver Allen G. , Zhukovskyi Maksym , Qureshi Zaid S. , Topka Samantha , Sajini Devadas Mary
Published: January 2025

Au nanoclusters often demonstrate useful optical properties such as visible/near‐infrared photoluminescence, in addition to remarkable thermodynamic stability owing to their superatomic behavior. The smallest of the 8e− superatomic Au nanoclusters, Au11, has limited applications due to its lack of luminescence and relatively low stability. In this work, we investigate the introduction of a single Pt dopant to the center of a halide‐ and triphenylphosphine‐ligated Au11 nanocluster, affording a cluster with a proposed molecular formula PtAu10(PPh3)7Br3. Electrochemical and spectroscopic analysis reveal an expansion of the HOMO–LUMO gap due to the Pt dopant, as well as relatively strong near‐infrared (NIR) photoluminescence which is atypical for an M11 cluster (λmax = 700 nm, Φ = 1.88 %). The Pt dopant additionally boosted photostability; more than tenfold. Lastly, we demonstrate the application of the PtAu10 cluster's NIR photoluminescence in the detection of the nitroaromatic compound 2,4‐dinitrotoluene, with a limit‐of‐detection of 9.52 μM (1.74 ppm). The notable ability of a single central Pt dopant to unlock photoluminescence in a non‐luminescent nanocluster highlights the advantages of heterometal doping in the tuning of both the optical and thermodynamic properties of Au nanoclusters.