bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolonged cyclical loading induces Haversian remodeling in mandibles of growing rabbits
Authors: Lad Susan E. , Kowalkowski Hannah , Liggio Daniel F. , Ding Hui , Ravosa Matthew J.
Published: July 2023

Bone adaptation to mechanical loading happens predominantly via modeling and remodeling, but the latter is poorly understood. Haversian remodeling (cortical bone replacement resulting in secondary osteons) is thought to occur in regions of low strain as part of bone maintenance or high strain in response to microdamage. However, analyses of remodeling in primates have revealed an unappreciated association with the number of daily load cycles. We tested this relationship by raising 30 male domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) on disparate diets from weaning to adulthood (48 weeks), facilitating a naturalistic perspective on mandibular bone adaptation. A control group consumed only rabbit pellets and an ‘overuse’ group ate hay in addition to pellets. To process hay, which is tougher and stiffer, rabbits increase chewing investment and duration without increasing bite force (i.e. corpus mean peak strain is similar for the two foods). Corpus remodeling in overuse rabbits was ∼1.5 times that of controls, measured as osteon population density and percentage Haversian bone. In the same subjects, there was a significant increase in overuse corpus bone formation (ratio of cortical area to cranial length), consistent with previous reports on the same dietary manipulation and bone formation in rabbits. This is the first evidence that both modeling and remodeling are simultaneously driven by the number of load cycles, independent of strain magnitude. This novel finding provides unique data on the feeding apparatus, challenges traditional thought on Haversian remodeling, and highlights the need for experimental studies of skeletal adaptation that examine mechanical factors beyond strain magnitude.
Ontogenetic changes in bite force and gape in tufted capuchins
Authors: Laird Myra F. , Kanno Cláudia Misue , Yoakum Caitlin B. , Fogaça Mariana Dutra , Taylor Andrea B. , Ross Callum F. , Chalk-Wilayto Janine , Holmes Megan A. , Terhune Claire E. , de Oliveira José Américo
Published: July 2023

Bite force and gape are two important performance metrics of the feeding system, and these metrics are inversely related for a given muscle size because of fundamental constraints in sarcomere length–tension relationships. How these competing performance metrics change in developing primates is largely unknown. Here, we quantified in vivo bite forces and gapes across ontogeny and examined these data in relation to body mass and cranial measurements in captive tufted capuchins, Sapajus spp. Bite force and gape were also compared across geometric and mechanical properties of mechanically challenging foods to investigate relationships between bite force, gape and food accessibility (defined here as the ability to breach shelled nuts). Bite forces at a range of gapes and feeding behavioral data were collected from a cross-sectional ontogenetic series of 20 captive and semi-wild tufted capuchins at the Núcleo de Procriação de Macacos-Prego Research Center in Araçatuba, Brazil. These data were paired with body mass, photogrammetric measures of jaw length and facial width, and food geometric and material properties. Tufted capuchins with larger body masses had absolutely higher in vivo bite forces and gapes, and animals with wider faces had absolutely higher bite forces. Bite forces and gapes were significantly smaller in juveniles compared with subadults and adults. These are the first primate data to empirically demonstrate the gapes at which maximum active bite force is generated and to demonstrate relationships to food accessibility. These data advance our understanding of how primates meet the changing performance demands of the feeding system during development.
Maternal and fetal outcomes in women undergoing induction of labor with low dose vaginal misoprostol
Authors: Shafqat Tanveer , Zeb Laila , Fatima Syeda Sitwat , Bhittani Rehana
Published: July 2023

Objective: To determine Maternal and Fetal outcome in women undergoing induction of labour with low dose misoprostol.

Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the efficacy of Misoprostol for induction of labor (IOL) in MTI, Lady Reading Hospital (LRH), Peshawar from 21st January to 31st December 2021. All pregnant women with singleton pregnancy and cephalic presentation admitted for Induction of Labor were included in the study. Maternal and Fetal outcome was noted. Induction of labor was started with 25 micrograms of Misoprostol, repeated every six hours depending on Bishop Score.

Results: Three hundred and thirty-seven women were included in this study. The majority of females (76%) were in 18-35 years age group. In 92.3% of females, the Bishop score was less than six. The maximum number of females (33.5%) delivered after eight hours of IOL. Sixty-six (66.46%) of females had gestational age of 37-40 weeks. Premature rupture of membranes was the most common indication (32.9%). Three doses of misoprostol were required in 31.2% of females. Only 5.6% of females required six doses of misoprostol for induction. With Misoprostol 85.1% of females delivered spontaneously, 2.37% required forceps delivery, 1.7% required vacuum delivery, and 10.68% delivered by Caesarean Section. APGAR score was 8 /10 in 84% of neonates at birth. Eighty-seven %(87.8%) of neonates did not require NICU admission.

Conclusion: Misoprostol is a safe medicine to be used to induce labor in females. It can help shorten the duration of labor, with good fetomaternal outcome.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7072

How to cite this: Shafqat T, Zeb L, Fatima SS, Bhittani R. Maternal and fetal outcomes in women undergoing induction of labor with low dose vaginal misoprostol. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(5):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.5.7072

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Erratum on “Competing for Recommendations” Model by Zhou and Zou (2023)
Authors: Liu Jinyi , Huang Tingliang
Published: July 2023

In this paper, we analytically prove that the sufficient condition in Proposition 3 of Zhou and Zou (2023) never holds.
Rejoinder on “Competing for Recommendations: The Strategic Impact of Personalized Product Recommendations in Online Marketplaces”
Authors: Zhou Bo , Zou Tianxin
Published: July 2023

History: Olivier Toubia served as the senior editor.
Reverse order law and forward order law for the (b, c)-inverse
Authors: Visnjic Jelena , Stanisev Ivana , Ke Yuanyuan
Published: July 2023

The reverse order law and the forward order law have been studied for various types of generalized inverses. The $(b,c)$-inverse is a generalization of some well known generalized inverses, such as the Moore-Penrose inverse, the Drazin inverse, the core inverse, etc. In this paper, the reverse order law for the $(b,c)$-inverse, in a unital ring, is investigated and an equivalent condition for this law to hold for the $(b,c)$-inverse is derived. Also, some known results on this topic are generalized. Furthermore, the forward order law for the $(b,c)$-inverse in a ring with a unity is introduced, for different choices of $b$ and $c$. Moreover, as corollaries of obtained results, equivalent conditions for the reverse order law and the forward order law for the inverse along an element are derived.
Multi-objective Optimal Scheduling Analysis of Power System Based on Improved Particle Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Mengting Gong
Published: July 2023

Economic Environmental Dispatching (EED) in power systems is a multi-variable, strongly constrained, non-convex, multi-objective optimization problem that is difficult to properly handle using traditional methods. However, the application of particle swarm optimization algorithms may result in insufficient population diversity and easy to fall into local optimization problems. Therefore, this paper proposes an adaptive backbone multi-objective particle swarm optimization (ABBMOPSO) method to solve the economic and environmental scheduling problems of power systems. This paper first analyzes the topology and computational flow of particle swarm optimization algorithms, and then constructs a multi-objective optimization research framework that integrates Pareto optimization principles for the scheduling of power generation units. The execution algorithm is the improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm (MOPSO). This paper establishes a mathematical model for the economic and environmental scheduling of power systems, which optimizes conflicting fuel cost functions and pollutant emission functions simultaneously, taking into account nonlinear constraints such as load balance constraints and unit operation constraints. The improved ABBMOPSO algorithm is used to optimize the solution to improve the global search ability of the EED model. The simulation data of seven units show that the ABBMOPSO algorithm has a minimum power generation cost of 588.1 $/h and a minimum pollutant emission of 0.192 t/h, which is significantly superior to other algorithms and reduces the number of iterations, with good feasibility.
Improved DCGAN for Solar Cell Defect Enhancement
Authors: Hao Deng , Yaermaimaiti Yilihamu
Published: July 2023

Aiming at the problems of serious overfitting and poor training results caused by too small a data set of solar cell defect images in the process of deep learning training, an improved DCGAN generation countermeasure network model is proposed. Firstly, CLAHE preprocessing is used to enhance the defect image features, which can improve the defect contrast and avoid excessive noise enhancement at the same time; Secondly, the NAM attention module is introduced into DCGAN to improve the quality of the defect image; Finally, S-RELU is used to replace Leaky Relu in DCGAN discriminator to avoid the influence of too much negative information with gradient on the decision of discriminator. The experimental results of classification and detection show that the data enhancement effect of the improved model is better. Compared with the original model, its accuracy is improved by 2.51%, and the mapped value is improved by 1.92%, which proves the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
Comparative Evaluation of Second-Class Lever Principle Based Single-Axis Solar Tracking System and Conventional System
Authors: Kumba Krishna , Simon Sishaj P. , Sundareswaran Kinattingal , Nayak Panugothu Srinivasan Rao
Published: July 2023

This article presented the comparative study of the second-class lever principle single-axis solar tracking system (SCLPSAST) with the fixed solar axis (FSA) system. The SCLPSAST system continuously tracks the sun regardless of atmospheric conditions from sunrise to sunset. This SCLPSAST system is a cost effective and straightforward solar tracking system built with negligible operational costs. The Photovoltaic (PV) panel are directed towards the sun throughout the year without using any additional power. The main advantage is that an external motor is not required to control the solar panel. A detailed performance evaluation of the SCLPSAST system is carried out for 90 days (from Jan 2022 to Mar 2022) with the FSA system. Finally, the working functionality, efficiency improvement, and experimental consequences of the SCLPSAST system are detailed. SCLPSAST and the fixed solar system generated 8.92 kWh and 7.03 kWh, respectively, which is around 26.87% more energy than the FSA system.
Modeling optical emission from a highly multi-mode step-index fiber via ray tracing and the limitations: publisher’s note
Authors: Pang Hao , Klumpp Maximilian , Haecker Tobias
Published: July 2023

This publisher’s note amends the author listing of
Appl. Opt.
60, 10885 (2021)APOPAI0003-693510.1364/AO.434229.
Self-calibration algorithm for installation angle deviation of bionic polarization compound eyes
Authors: Xue Jiaan , Qiu Su , Jin Weiqi , Wang Xia
Published: July 2023

A self-calibration algorithm based on unsupervised optimization for polarizer installation angle deviation is proposed and used in a multi-aperture bionic polarization compound eye system. To simplify calibration operation, under the condition that the calibration-polarized light information is unknown, this algorithm fully exploits redundancy and random polarization information in the scene, and uses a non-convex multi-objective discrete parameter sorting optimization method to achieve angle self-calibration. Compared with ordinary calibration procedures, the algorithm requires less stringent conditions, achieves online calibration and is more accurate. It also can be applied to camera polarization arrays, division-of-focal-plane polarization cameras, and other polarization devices.
A combined monthly precipitation prediction method based on CEEMD and improved LSTM
Authors: Jiang Xinyun
Published: July 2023

With the continuous decline of water resources due to population growth and rapid economic development, precipitation prediction plays an important role in the rational allocation of global water resources. To address the non-linearity and non-stationarity of monthly precipitation, a combined prediction method based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) and a modified long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network was proposed. Firstly, the CEEMD method was used to decompose the monthly precipitation series into a set of relatively stationary sub-sequence components, which can better reflect the local characteristics of the sequence and further understand the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of the sequence. Then, improved LSTM neural networks were employed to predict each sub-sequence. The proposed improvement method optimized the hyper-parameters of LSTM neural networks using particle swarm optimization algorithm, which avoided the randomness of artificial parameter selection. Finally, the predicted results of each component were superimposed to obtain the final prediction result. The proposed method was validated by taking the monthly precipitation data from 1961 to 2020 in Changde City, Hunan Province as an example. The results of the case study show that, compared with other traditional prediction methods, the proposed method can better reflect the trend of precipitation changes and has higher prediction accuracy.
Hospital length of stay: A cross-specialty analysis and Beta-geometric model
Authors: Dehouche Nassim , Viravan Sorawit , Santawat Ubolrat , Torsuwan Nungruethai , Taijan Sakuna , Intharakosum Atthakorn , Sirivatanauksorn Yongyut
Published: July 2023

Background

The typical hospital Length of Stay (LOS) distribution is known to be right-skewed, to vary considerably across Diagnosis Related Groups (DRGs), and to contain markedly high values, in significant proportions. These very long stays are often considered outliers, and thin-tailed statistical distributions are assumed. However, resource consumption and planning occur at the level of medical specialty departments covering multiple DRGs, and when considered at this decision-making scale, extreme LOS values represent a significant component of the distribution of LOS (the right tail) that determines many of its statistical properties.

Objective

To build actionable statistical models of LOS for resource planning at the level of healthcare units.

Methods

Through a study of 46, 364 electronic health records over four medical specialty departments (Pediatrics, Obstetrics/Gynecology, Surgery, and Rehabilitation Medicine) in the largest hospital in Thailand (Siriraj Hospital in Bangkok), we show that the distribution of LOS exhibits a tail behavior that is consistent with a subexponential distribution. We analyze some empirical properties of such a distribution that are of relevance to cost and resource planning, notably the concentration of resource consumption among a minority of admissions/patients, an increasing residual LOS, where the longer a patient has been admitted, the longer they would be expected to remain admitted, and a slow convergence of the Law of Large Numbers, making empirical estimates of moments (e.g. mean, variance) unreliable.

Results

We propose a novel Beta-Geometric model that shows a good fit with observed data and reproduces these empirical properties of LOS. Finally, we use our findings to make practical recommendations regarding the pricing and management of LOS.
Sex differences in pediatric caudal epidural anesthesia under sedation without primary airway instrumentation
Authors: Opfermann Philipp , Schmid Werner , Obradovic Mina , Kraft Felix , Zadrazil Markus , Marhofer Daniela , Marhofer Peter
Published: July 2023

Study objective

To identify sex differences associated with caudal epidurals, the most commonly used technique of pediatric regional anesthesia, based on individually validated data of ultrasound-guided blocks performed between 04/2014 and 12/2020.

Methods

Prospectively collected and individually validated data of a cohort of children aged between 0–15 years was analyzed in a retrospective observational study. We included pediatric surgeries involving a primary plan of caudal epidural anesthesia under sedation (without airway instrumentation) and a contingency plan of general anesthesia. Sex-specific rates were analyzed for overall failure of the primary anesthesia plan, for residual pain, for block-related technical complications and for critical respiratory events. We used Fisher´s exact tests and multivariable logistic regressions were used to evaluate sex-specific associations.

Results

Data from 487 girls and 2060 boys ≤15 years old (ASA status 1 to 4) were analyzed. The primary-anesthesia-plan failure rate was 5.5% (95%CI 3.8%-7.8%) (N = 27/487) among girls and 4.7% (95%CI 3.9%-5.7%) (N = 97/2060) among boys (p = 0.41). Residual pain was the main cause of failure, with rates of 4.5% (95%CI 2.9–6.6%) (N = 22/487) among girls and 3.0% (95%CI 2.3–3.8%) (N = 61/2060) among boys (p = 0.089). Block-related technical complications were seen at rates of 0.8% (95%CI 0.3%-1.9%) (N = 4/487) among girls vs 2.5% (95%CI 0.5–2.7%) (N = 51/2060) among boys and, hence, significantly more often among male patients (p = 0.023). Male sex was significantly associated with higher odds (adjusted OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 1.12–9; p = 0.029) for such technical complications regardless of age, ASA status, gestational week at birth or puncture attempts. Critical respiratory events occurred at a 1.7% (95%CI 1.2%-2.3%) rate (N = 35/2060) twice as high among boys as 0.8% (95%CI 0.3%-1.9%) (N = 4/487) among girls (p = 0.21).

Conclusions

While the the primary-anesthesia-plan failure rate was equal for girls and boys, technical complications and respiratory events are more likely to occur in boys.
Defining an optimal cut-off point for reticulocyte hemoglobin as a marker for iron deficiency anemia: An ROC analysis
Authors: Alzu’bi Marah , Bawa’neh Hisham , Alshorman Alaa , Alrawabdeh Jawad , Odeh Nada , Hamadneh Yazan , AlAdwan Mai , Odeh Mahmoud , Awidi Abdalla
Published: July 2023

Reticulocyte hemoglobin (CHr) is a measure of the amount of hemoglobin in reticulocytes and a marker of cell hemoglobinization. In this study, we aimed to find the optimal cut-off point for reticulocyte hemoglobin to diagnose iron deficiency anemia using multiple methods. A total of 309 patients were included. The median age at diagnosis was 54 years. Most were females (71.2%). 68% had iron deficiency anemia. Patients with IDA had significantly lower levels of CHr compared to those who had non-IDA (p < 0.0001). The optimal cut-off value of CHr for detecting IDA, determined using various methods, was 30.15 pg. This cut-off point had a sensitivity of 87.8% and a specificity of 77.7%. CHr showed a significant positive correlation with hemoglobin, mean corpuscular volume, serum iron, serum ferritin, and transferrin saturation and a significant negative correlation with total iron-binding capacity. CHr levels correlate with most established laboratory tests for IDA. It reliably detects IDA. Our results indicate the importance of CHr in diagnosing IDA, and that CHr should be used more widely in suspected cases of IDA since it is a cheap, fast, and reliable test.
Popular Ethiopian Cinema: Love and Other Genres, Michael W. Thomas (2023)
Authors: Mututa Addamms
Published: July 2023

Review of: Popular Ethiopian Cinema: Love and Other Genres, Michael W. Thomas (2023)

New York and London: Bloomsbury Publishing, 261 pp.,

ISBN 978-1-35022-741-5, e-book, £76.50
Circulating foot-and-mouth disease virus serotype A African-genotype IV in Egypt during 2022
Authors: Shahein Momtaz A. , Hussein Heba A. , Ali M. H. , Ghoniem Shimaa M. , Shemies Omayma A. , Afify Ahmed F. , Fuoad Amthal Ahmed , Hassan Ayah M. , Zaher Mostafa R. , AbouEl Ela Nahla Hussien , Habashi Ahmed R. , Eid Samah , Hagag Naglaa M.
Published: July 2023

Background and Aim: Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) virus causes continuous outbreaks, leading to serious economic consequences that affect animal productivity and restrict trade movement. The potential influence of the disease was due to the emergence of new strains or re-emergence of local strains with major antigenic variations due to genetic mutations. This study aims to evaluate circulating virus in samples collected from infected animals during an outbreak using antigenic characterization and identify whether there is an emergence of a new strain or mutation.

Materials and Methods: Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to screen 86 samples. Viral protein 1 (VP1) codon sequencing was performed. The virus was isolated from the samples inoculated on the baby-hamster kidney cell line and Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed for serotyping and antigen detection.

Results: Based on the RT-PCR screening results, 10 positive samples were selected for sequencing. The sequences belonged to the FMD serotype A African topotype originating from the ancestor prototype Sudan/77, with which it shared 98.48% ± 1.2% similarity. The divergence with local isolates from 2020 was 9.3%. In addition, the sequences were 96.84% ± 1.01% and 95.84% ± 0.79% related to Egyptian-Damietta type 2016 and Sudanese-2018, respectively. Divergence with vaccinal strains ranged from 10% to 17%. Amino acid sequence analysis revealed that the isolates had variation in the most prominent antigenic regions (residues 35–75) and the immunogenic determinants of the G-H loop of VP1 (residues 100–146 and 161–175).

Conclusion: The current isolates should be included in the locally produced vaccine to provide broader immunogenic coverage against serotype A African topotypes.

Keywords: Epicenters, foot and mouth disease virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus Africa type G-IV, mutations, outbreaks, viral protein 1.
Quality of Tissue Samples Obtained by Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy: A Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Lariño-Noia José , Fernández-Castroagudín Javier , de la Iglesia-García Daniel , Lázare Héctor , Nieto Laura , Porto Sol , Vallejo-Senra Nicolau , Molina Esther , San Bruno Alba , Martínez-Seara Xurxo , Iglesias-García Julio , García-Acuña Silvia , Domínguez-Muñoz J. Enrique
Published: July 2023

INTRODUCTION:

Liver biopsy (LB) remains essential for the diagnosis and staging of parenchymal liver diseases. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided LB (EUS-LB) has emerged as an attractive alternative to percutaneous and transjugular routes. We aimed at comparing the adequacy of samples obtained by EUS-LB with percutaneous LB.

METHODS:

A single-center, randomized, controlled clinical trial was designed. Patients undergoing LB were randomly assigned to EUS-LB or percutaneous LB groups. EUS-LB was performed with a 19-gauge Franseen core needle through a transduodenal and transgastric route. Percutaneous LB was performed with a 16-gauge Tru-Cut needle. The main outcome was the percentage of adequate samples obtained. Secondary outcomes were the percentage of accurate histologic diagnosis, number of complete portal tracts (CPT), total and longest specimen length (TSL and LSL), sample fragmentation, adverse events, and patients' satisfaction. An adequate specimen was defined as TSL ≥20 mm and including ≥11 CPT.

RESULTS:

Ninety patients were randomized (44 to EUS-LB and 46 to percutaneous LB) and included in the analysis. The percentage of adequate tissue samples was 32.6% and 70.4% for percutaneous LB and EUS-LB, respectively (P < 0.001). A final histologic diagnosis was provided in all cases but one. TSL was longer after EUS-LB (23.5 vs 17.5 mm, P = 0.01), whereas the number of CPT was similar in both groups. Sample fragmentation occurred more often after EUS-LB (P < 0.001). No differences in adverse events were found. Satisfaction reported with both procedures was high.

DISCUSSION:

EUS-LB is safe and accurate and may be considered an alternative to percutaneous LB for the evaluation of parenchymal liver diseases.
A prática do feminicídio no espaço doméstico
Authors: Nunes Ferreira Ângela Paula , Baracuhy Regina
Published: July 2023

Neste artigo, propomo-nos analisar de que modo a prática do feminicídio no espaço doméstico se constitui como punição à resistência das mulheres aos modos de sujeição ao poder patriarcal em relações íntimas de afeto. Nosso corpus foi selecionado no arquivo discursivo que trata da violência contra a mulher no Brasil no período de 2006-2016. A partir do acervo composto por 4.034 notícias publicadas no site de notícias G1, foram escolhidas cinco que compõem uma série discursiva caracterizada por uma regularidade: a prática de feminicídio como suplício que impõe castigos e morte cruel contra a mulher acusada de desobediência ao descumprir o pacto de aliança e tentar desfazer o vínculo afetivo, perpetrado pelo marido/namorado/companheiro. Quanto à metodologia, utilizamos uma abordagem descritivo-interpretativa associada ao método arqueogenealógico foucaultiano. Além disso, empregamos como aporte teórico a História das Mulheres no Brasil (DEL PRIORE, 2010; D’INCAO, 2010; PINSKY, 2010) e os Estudos da Violência de gênero (SEGATO, 2016; SAFIOTTI, 2015; ELUF, 2010). Como resultados, verificamos o conformismo e os consentimentos social e institucional em relação a práticas masculinas tóxicas, sustentadas por uma formação discursiva machista, patriarcal, misógina que naturaliza a violência doméstica contra mulheres, objetivando-as como contraventoras do código moral e lhes impondo a morte como punição à desobediência feminina.
Relato de experiência da ação de proteção ao aleitamento materno
Authors: Peres Marina Nunes , Rinaldi Ana Elisa Madalena
Published: July 2023

A Norma Brasileira de Comercialização de Alimentos para Lactentes e Crianças de Primeira Infância, Bicos, Chupetas e Mamadeiras (NBCAL) é uma lei responsável por regulamentar a comercialização dos alimentos e produtos destinados às crianças menores de três anos. Apesar de sua importância, essa lei enfrenta o desconhecimento pelos profissionais da saúde, além de ser violada, especialmente, pelas empresas desses produtos. O objetivo principal deste trabalho foi realizar um relato de experiência de uma ação de extensão que teve como foco a divulgação da NBCAL. A ação foi realizada em sala de videoconferência, contando com atividades de exposição teórica e com metodologias ativas, ocorrendo entre os dias 24 e 26 de agosto de 2021 (total de 8 horas). Participaram 48 estudantes e profissionais de diversas áreas da saúde. O nível de conhecimento dos participantes sobre aleitamento materno e o conceito da NBCAL aumentou de, em média, 5,4 e 3,8 pontos para 8 e 7,8 pontos, respectivamente. O evento pôde proporcionar conhecimento sobre a NBCAL, bem como alertar sobre diversas estratégias de marketing utilizadas pelas empresas de produtos infantis. Adicionalmente, foi possível explorar a promoção e a proteção do aleitamento materno.
Estudo de viabilidade
Authors: Banjar Carlos Eduardo de Schuller , Sanglard Maria Clara Adame Barros , Faria Mariana Antônio Veiga
Published: July 2023

Este artigo relata ações de um projeto de extensão acerca de um estudo sobre distribuição de conteúdo digital, utilizando servidores desconectados da internet, durante a pandemia. Durante o lockdown, os estudantes, ocasionalmente, poderiam passar pelo centro de distribuição de conteúdo via servidor para obter acesso àqueles materiais, sem que houvesse interação física entre os envolvidos. No entanto, as ações estendem-se para além da pandemia, haja vista a contínua necessidade de distribuir conteúdo didático e educativo para um público que não possui acesso à internet. Como fruto do estudo, foi desenvolvida uma apostila informativa e instrucional sobre o tema da distribuição de conteúdo digital via rede Wi-Fi de pequeno alcance. Os materiais foram escritos de forma simples, visando atingir estudantes, técnicos e docentes de escolas em zonas rurais de baixa renda e de difícil acesso interessados em criar o servidor. Nesse sentido, a solução proposta objetivou unir necessidade de distribuição de conteúdo de maneira efetiva e barata e a reutilização de smartphones antigos e com pequenos defeitos ou imperfeições, desde que em condições de uso.
Council of Experts: chronic shoulder pain as a multidisciplinary problem
Authors: Karateev A. E. , Lila A. M. , Zagorodniy N. V. , Alekseeva L. I. , Arkhipov S. V. , Arkov V. V. , Makarov M. S. , Rachin A. P. , Shirokov V. A. , Khokhlova M. N. , Nesterenko V. A.
Published: July 2023

Chronic shoulder pain (CSP) is a clinical syndrome associated with inflammatory and degenerative musculoskeletal changes, characterized by pain in the shoulder that persists for at least 3 months, arising or aggravated by functional activity in this area. The frequency of CSP in the modern population reaches 20–33%, it is one of the leading causes of severe suffering, disability and seeking for medical attention.

 The main causes of CSP are shoulder rotator impingement syndrome (subacromial impingement syndrome), calcific tendinitis, adhesive capsulitis, shoulder and acromioclavicular joint osteoarthritis. Accurate diagnosis of these diseases is necessary for the correct choice of treatment. Differential diagnosis is carried out using tests that evaluate the function of the shoulder joint and the rotator cuff muscles (Neer, Speed, Hawkins tests, etc.), as well as using instrumental methods (ultrasound, magnetic resonance tomography, X-ray). In CSP, it is necessary to exclude septic, oncological, visceral, systemic rheumatic and other diseases, as well as musculoskeletal pathology of the cervical spine, upper chest and back, which can cause pain in the shoulder region.

Therapy for diseases that cause CSP should be personalized and complex, aimed at maximum pain control and restoration of function. For this purpose, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local injection therapy with glucocorticoids, hyaluronic acid, and platelet-rich plasma are used. In some cases, muscle relaxants, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, local injections of botulinum toxin type A are indicated. Physiotherapy and medical rehabilitation methods play a fundamental role in the treatment of CSP.
Clinical features of patients with ankylosing spondylitis with inefficacy of two or more biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs
Authors: Erdes Sh. F. , Sakharova K. V. , Dubinina T. V. , Cherkasova M. V.
Published: July 2023

The “Treat-to-target” (T2T) strategy for axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) has made it possible to optimize therapy in most patients, but in some of them the treatment goals are not achieved.

Objective: to analyze the clinical features of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with inefficacy of two or more biological disease modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs).

Material and methods. From February 2020 to March 2022 458 patients with AS, who met the modified New York criteria of 1984, were admitted to V.A. Nasonova Research Institute of Rheumatology. From this group, 30 (6.6%) patients with high clinical disease activity and inefficacy of at least two bDMARDs were selected. The control group consisted of 139 (30.5%) patients with AS, who either had no history of bDMARDs use, or had previously received only one of them. All patients were examined in accordance with generally accepted methods and underwent a double expert control.

Results and discussion. Men predominated in the main and control groups (67 and 60%, respectively). In patients of the main group, there was a higher laboratory activity of the disease, especially ESR (p=0.002), more often peripheral arthritis was detected. In both groups, there was a high incidence of coxitis (69.2 and 69.7%, respectively), while in the main group there were significantly more patients who underwent total joint arthroplasty, and the frequency of detected syndesmophytes was 2 times lower compared to the control. Differences in the features of AS onset were also established: in the main group, the disease often began with reactive arthritis (ReA), while in the control group, with inflammatory back pain.

Conclusion. The T2T strategy in axSpA does not always lead to the achievement of the intended goals, and, according to our data, among inpatients with AS, the number of people with a history of inefficacy of two or more bDMARDs reaches 6%. In these patients, compared with the control, the following features of the disease can be distinguished: frequent onset with ReA, a significant incidence of peripheral arthritis and joint arthroplasty, and a higher ESR.
DOES INTERNATIONALTOURISTS HAS CAUSALITY EFFECTS WITH ITS FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT AND GROSS DOMESTIC PRODUCT IN INDONESIA?
Authors: Fadilah Muhamad Rifki , Riyanto Riyanto
Published: July 2023

This study aims to investigate whether the international tourist arrivals affect Tourism FDI and Tourism GDP of Tourism sector in Indonesia during the period 2004 – 2020. In addition, this study also aims to estimate how much and how long the impact of the decline in international tourist arrivals due to the COVID-19 pandemic on the long-term equilibrium between international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI and Tourism GDP. By using the Granger Causality Test and Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), this study found that the international tourist arrivals affect Tourism FDI and Tourism FDI affects Tourism GDP. Furthermore, the results showed that in the long term, the increase of international tourist arrivals by one percent will increase Tourism FDI by 0.55 percent. Then, one percent increase of Tourism FDI will increase Tourism GDP by 0.10 percent. In the short term (monthly analysis), if there is a "shock" in the increase of international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI will increase for the next five months, and Tourism GDP will also increase for 2 months and 16 months after the increase of international tourists. This study also found that the long-term equilibrium between international tourist arrivals, Tourism FDI, and Tourism GDP will recover within 38 months after the pandemic COVID-19. This means the tourism sector will need three years to recover after the pandemic ends if there is no policy intervention to accelerate tourism recovery.
Role of ecotourism in conserving forest biomass: A mathematical model
Authors: Pathak Rachana , Bhadauria Archana Singh , Chaudhary Manisha , Verma Harendra , Mathur Pankaj , Agrawal Manju , Singh Ram
Published: July 2023

Ecotourism is a form of tourism involving responsible travel to natural areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveler, to provide funds for ecological censervation, to directly benifit the economic development, and political empowerment of local communities. Ecotourism has come up as an important conservation strategy in the tropical areas where diversity of species and habitats are threatened because of the traditional forms of development. This study deals with a non-linear mathematical model with a novel idea for sustainable development of biomass with ecotourism which is imperative in the present scenario. Stability and bifurcation analysis of the model is done and it is observed from our study that the system predicts unstability and exhibits bifurcation if ecotourism goes beyond a threshold value.
Positioning English as the international language during the Interamerican scientific integration: the role of multilingualism in defining the scope of a scientific journal in the mid-20th century
Authors: Hernández-Socha Yuirubán
Published: July 2023

Caldasia, a journal published by the Instituto de Ciencias Naturales of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, was the arena of language tensions originating in scientific exchanges in the mid-20th century at a time when English was in the process of affirming its place as the lingua franca of science. In the 1940s, the journal showed indications of a multilingual process reflected in the considerable presence of US authors and their articles in English published in its pages. This paper examines Caldasia’s communication circuit, specifically the negotiations that emerged between the editor and US researchers when deciding on the most appropriate language for publishing the articles. Selecting the language of the articles was considered by them as a critical element in determining the geographical scope of the journal, positioning Caldasia as a regional or international journal. This analysis demonstrates how the tension between multilingual repertoires and linguistic ideologies was experienced in Caldasia. The editor promoted Caldasia as a multilingual journal and to reach this objective the editor managed the multilingual repertoires of the authors in the journal. The case of Caldasia indicates that the Anglicization process of science in the XX century required intense scientific contacts carried out in non-English-speaking spaces; multilingualism was one of the strategies by which English became a globally accepted language.
Evaluation of the clinical, biochemical, and genetic presentation of neonatal and adult-onset 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency in patients from Pakistan
Authors: Ahmed Sibtain , Akbar Fizza , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Ni Min , Afroze Bushra
Published: July 2023

Objectives

To study the biochemical, clinical and molecular characteristics of 5,10- methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) deficiency in Pakistani patients from a single center.

Methods

Medical charts, urine organic acid chromatograms, plasma methionine and Hcys levels, and molecular testing results of MTHFR gene of patients presenting at the Biochemical Genetics Clinic, AKUH from 2016 to 2022 were reviewed.

Results

Neonatal MTHFR deficiency was found in five patients. The median (IQR) age of symptom onset and diagnosis were 18 (8.5–22) and 26 (16.5–31) days. The median lag between symptom onset and diagnosis was 8 (4.5–12.5) days. The median age of treatment initiation and duration of treatment were 26 (16.5–49) and 32 (25.5–54) days. The most common clinical features were lethargy, poor feeding, and seizures. The MTHFR gene sequencing revealed homozygous variants p.K510K, p.R567*, and p.R157W. Renal insufficiency manifesting as elevated serum creatinine and responding to betaine therapy was noted in one patient. This has not been previously reported in neonatal MTHFR deficiency and may reflect engagement of alternate pathways of remethylation. Adult onset MTHFR deficiency was found in six patients, with a heterogeneous neurological presentation. The median lag between symptoms onset and diagnosis was 7 (3–11) years. MTHFR gene sequencing revealed homozygous variant p.A195V in five patients from one family and p.G261V in the other. Two of the five reported variants are novel that include p.R157W and p.G261V.

Conclusions

Eleven patients of this rare disorder from a single center indicate the need for clinical awareness and appropriate biochemical evaluation to ensure optimal outcomes.
Bigger Fish to Fry: Evidence (or Lack of) for Fish Consumption in Ancient Syracuse (Sicily)
Authors: Tanasi Davide , Greco Enrico
Published: July 2023

Fish and fish products are considered important sources of nutrition due to their high protein, fat, and fat-soluble vitamin content. These food items have been extensively discussed and celebrated in various genres of Greek literature. However, there is a discrepancy between the rich textual evidence of fish cooking and consumption and the limited archaeological evidence of fishing gear, especially with respect to Greek Sicily. Such scarcity of evidence is particularly evident in the Archaic period. To address the issue of fish consumption in Greek Sicily and to determine the role of fish in the local communities’ diet, this study focuses on the new data that have emerged from stable isotopes analysis on skeletal remains from a recently discovered Archaic period necropolis in Syracuse. The study analyzes the dietary habits of the individuals buried in the necropolis and establishes possible connections between burial practices and diet. Additionally, the study compares the dietary patterns with the social status of the individuals, as demonstrated by the funerary context. The comparison of the new evidence with similar contexts will allow for a critical review of the literary sources and the reinterpretation of the archaeological record. Through this, the study aims to establish the role of fish in the diet of the Greeks of Sicily and their significance at the dining table.
Dual Receptive Fields Underlying Target and Wide-Field Motion Sensitivity in Looming-Sensitive Descending Neurons
Authors: Nicholas Sarah , Ogawa Yuri , Nordström Karin
Published: July 2023

Responding rapidly to visual stimuli is fundamental for many animals. For example, predatory birds and insects alike have amazing target detection abilities, with incredibly short neural and behavioral delays, enabling efficient prey capture. Similarly, looming objects need to be rapidly avoided to ensure immediate survival, as these could represent approaching predators. MaleEristalis tenaxhoverflies are nonpredatory, highly territorial insects that perform high-speed pursuits of conspecifics and other territorial intruders. During the initial stages of the pursuit, the retinal projection of the target is very small, but this grows to a larger object before physical interaction. Supporting such behaviors,E. tenaxand other insects have both target-tuned and loom-sensitive neurons in the optic lobes and the descending pathways. We here show that these visual stimuli are not necessarily encoded in parallel. Indeed, we describe a class of descending neurons that respond to small targets, to looming and to wide-field stimuli. We show that these descending neurons have two distinct receptive fields where the dorsal receptive field is sensitive to the motion of small targets and the ventral receptive field responds to larger objects or wide-field stimuli. Our data suggest that the two receptive fields have different presynaptic input, where the inputs are not linearly summed. This novel and unique arrangement could support different behaviors, including obstacle avoidance, flower landing, and target pursuit or capture.
Economic Globalization, Democratization, and Income Inequality
Authors: Kim Hayam
Published: July 2023

In the last 40 years, East Asian countries have undergone significant economic and political transformation, with deepening integration into the world economy and substantial progress toward democracy. I investigate the impact of these two major developments on income distribution in East Asia. This study extends prior research by (1) examining the role of both international economic and domestic political factors, topics that have mostly been studied separately; (2) employing inequality data that are more complete than those used in previous studies; and (3) using data for a period during which the pace of globalization greatly accelerated, a major relevant event (the Asian financial crisis) occurred, and several countries in the region witnessed a considerable expansion of democratic rights. Evidence for the claim that trade increases inequality is robust, but empirical support for the redistributive effects of both foreign direct investment and democracy is weak.
Experimental study on bio-oil pyrolysis/gasification
Authors: Zhang Mou , Chen Han-Ping , Gao Ying , He Rui-Xue , Yang Hai-Ping , Wang Xian-Hua , Zhang Shi-Hong
Published: July 2023

This study aims to understand the mechanism of bio-oil gasification and the influence of operating parameters on the properties of the gas products. Firstly, the pyrolysis/gasification of bio-oil was performed using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA). The evaporation of gas products from bio-oil were measured on-line with coupled Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The main gas products were CO, CO2, CH4, H2O, and light hydrocarbons, etc. Organics mainly evolved out at lower temperature (100-200°C), while the cracking of heavy hydrocarbon components took place at higher temperature (>200°C). Simultaneously, the gasification behavior of bio-oil was investigated in a fixed bed gasification reactor under different temperature and residence time. The gas product evolving was checked using micro-gas chromatography. It was observed that the yield of CO and H2 increased with increasing gasification temperature above 600°C, and the maximum value was obtained at 800°C. Prolonging the residence time was not favorable for the upgrading of syngas quality.
Bioconversion of knot rejects from a sulphite pulp mill to ethanol
Authors: Zhang Xiao , Tu Maobing , Paice Michael , Sacciadis George , Jiang Zhihua , Jemaa Naceur , Thibault Alain
Published: July 2023

Knot rejects obtained from pulp screening after sulphite pulping are difficult to dewater, which makes landfilling expensive and burning inefficient. The rejects were found to contain up to 50% cellulose, which is very susceptible to enzymatic hydrolysis to glucose. Knot rejects were hydrolyzed at 20% consistency in a laboratory peg mixer with cellulase enzyme. The thick slurry was liquefied within the first hour of mixing and resulted in a glucose concentration of over 100 g/L after 24 hours of reaction. This solution was fermented by yeast to give an ethanol concentration of over 5%. The laboratory results were confirmed at pilot scale with a mortar mixer (high consistency) or stirred tank reactor (medium consistency) at the 400 L and 6000 L scales, respectively. It was found that washing the knots with ammonia resulted in increased glucose conversion. Enzyme costs could be lowered by separating the enzyme from the hydrolyzed sugars by membrane ultrafiltration and recycling the enzyme to the subsequent batch of substrate. The combination of high-consistency hydrolysis and enzyme recycling minimizes capital investment, energy requirements, and enzyme costs, which are significant factors in the overall economic viability of cellulose conversion to ethanol.