bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bone Marrow Spatial Transcriptomics Reveals a Myeloma Cell Architecture with Dysfunctional T-Cell Distribution, Neutrophil Traps, and Inflammatory Signaling
Authors: Sudupe Laura , Muiños-Lopez Emma , Lopez-Perez Ana Rosa , Vilas-Zornoza Amaia , Sarvide Sarai , Ripalda-Cemborain Purificacion , Aguirre-Ruiz Paula , San Martin-Uriz Patxi , Larrayoz Marta , Alvarez-Gigli Laura , Abengozar-Muela Marta , Cenzano Itziar , Cócera Miguel , Ruiz Javier , Sancho González Ignacio , Bantan Azari , Kurowska Aleksandra , Ye Jin , Newton Phillip T. , Paiva Bruno , Rodriguez-Madoz Juan R. , Lagani Vincenzo , Tegner Jesper , Saez Borja , Martinez-Climent Jose Angel , Calvo Isabel A. , Gomez-Cabrero David , Prosper Felipe
Published: July 2024

The bone marrow (BM) is a complex tissue where spatial relationships influence cell behavior, signaling, and function. Consequently, understanding the whole dynamics of cellular interactions requires complementary spatial techniques that preserve and map the architecture of cell populationsin situ. We successfully conducted spatial transcriptional profiling using Visium Spatial Gene Expression in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) BM samples obtained from healthy and Multiple Myeloma (MM) mouse models and patients, addressing the technical challenges of applying spatial technology to long bone samples. A custom data-analysis framework that combines spatial with single-cell transcriptomic profiles identified both the BM cellular composition and the existing cell relations. This allowed us to visualize the spatial distribution of transcriptionally heterogeneous MM plasma cells (MM-PC). We spatially delineated transcriptional programs associated with MM, including NETosis and IL-17-driven inflammatory signaling, which were inversely correlated to malignant PC-enriched regions. Furthermore, a gradient of MM-PC density spatially correlated with a shift from effector-to-exhausted T cell phenotypes. The translational relevance of our findings was confirmed using FFPE BM biopsies from MM patients with varying levels of malignant PC infiltration. In summary, we provide the first spatial transcriptomics analysis applied to a mouse and human mineralized bone tissue and illustrate the BM cellular architecture of MM, revealing deregulated mechanisms underlying MM intercellular communication.
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient fMRI shines light on white matter resting-state connectivity as compared to BOLD
Authors: de Riedmatten Ines , Spencer Arthur , Olszowy Wiktor , Jelescu Ileana O
Published: July 2024

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is used to derive functional connectivity (FC) between brain regions. Typically, blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) contrast is used. However, BOLD's reliance on neurovascular coupling poses challenges in reflecting brain activity accurately, leading to reduced sensitivity in white matter (WM). WM BOLD signals have long been considered physiological noise, although recent evidence shows that both stimulus-evoked and resting-state WM BOLD signals resemble those in gray matter (GM), albeit smaller in amplitude. We introduce apparent diffusion coefficient fMRI (ADC-fMRI) as a promising functional contrast for GM and WM FC, capturing activity-driven neuromorphological fluctuations. Our study compares BOLD-fMRI and ADC-fMRI FC in GM and WM, showing that ADC-fMRI mirrors BOLD-fMRI connectivity in GM, while capturing more robust FC in WM. ADC-fMRI displays higher average clustering and average node strength in WM, and higher inter-subject similarity, compared to BOLD. Taken together, this suggests that ADC-fMRI is a reliable tool for exploring FC that incorporates gray and white matter nodes in a novel way.
Asymmetric learning and adaptability to changes in relational structure during transitive inference
Authors: Graham Thomas A. , Spitzer Bernhard
Published: July 2024

Humans and other animals can generalise from local to global relationships in a transitive manner. Recent research has shown that asymmetrically biased learning, where beliefs about only the winners (or losers) of local comparisons are updated, is well-suited for inferring relational structures from sparse feedback. However, less is known about how belief-updating biases intersect with humans’ capacity to adapt to changes in relational structure, where re-valuing an item may have downstream implications for inferential knowledge pertaining to unchanged items. We designed a transitive inference paradigm involving one of two possible changepoints for which an asymmetric (winner-or loser-biased) learning policy was more or less optimal. Participants (N=83) exhibited differential sensitivity to changes in relational structure: whereas participants readily learned that a hitherto low-ranking item increased its rank, moving a high-ranking item down the hierarchy impaired downstream inferential knowledge. Behaviour best captured by an adaptive reinforcement learning model which exhibited a predominantly winner-biased learning policy but also modulated its degree of asymmetry as a function of its choice preference strength. Our results indicate that asymmetric learning not only accounts for efficient inference of latent relational structures, but also for differences in the ease with which learners accommodate structural changes.

Author Summary

When reasoning about relationships between objects, events, or people, humans can readily use previous experiences to infer relations that they have never encountered before. For example, if Anna beats Bruce at tennis, and Bruce beats Clara, then one can predict that Anna will likely also beat Clara. Human learning in such ‘transitive inference’ problems tends to be winner-biased – that is, upon observing Anna’s victory over Bruce, a spectator would be more likely to attribute this outcome to Anna’s skill than to Bruce’s lack thereof. However, in a constantly changing world whose comparative relations are rarely static, humans must also be able to infer how changes in the outcomes of certain comparisons bear on other relationships within a transitive hierarchy. Combining behavioural testing and computational modelling, we show that a learning strategy that preferentially focuses on the winners of comparisons induces greater flexibility for certain types of hierarchy changes than for others. In addition, we provide evidence that humans may dynamically adjust their degree of learning asymmetry according to the current strength of their beliefs about the relations under comparison.
From Acute to Persistent Infection: Revealing Phylogenomic Variations inSalmonellaAgona
Authors: Waters Emma V. , Lee Winnie W. Y. , Ismail Ahmed Amina , Chattaway Marie-Anne , Langridge Gemma C.
Published: July 2024

Background

Salmonella entericaserovar Agona (S.Agona) has been increasingly recognised as a prominent cause of gastroenteritis. This serovar is a strong biofilm former that can undergo genome rearrangement and enter a viable but non-culturable state whilst remaining metabolically active. Similar strategies are employed byS.Typhi, the cause of typhoid fever, during human infection, which are believed to assist with the transition from acute infection to chronic carriage. Here we reportS.Agona’s ability to persist in people and examine factors that might be contributing to chronic carriage.

Methods

A review of 2,233S.Agona isolates from UK infections (2004-2020) and associated carriage was undertaken, in which 1,155 had short-read sequencing data available. A subset of 207 isolates was selected from different stages of acute and persistent infections within individual patients. The subset underwent long-read sequencing and genome structure (GS) analysis, as well as phenotyping assays including carbon source utilisation and biofilm formation. Associations between genotypes and phenotypes were investigated to compare acute infections to those which progress to chronic.

Results

GS analysis revealed the conserved arrangement GS1.0 in 195 isolates, and 8 additional GSs in 12 isolates. These rearranged isolates were typically associated with early, convalescent carriage (3 weeks – 3 months). We also identified an increase in SNP variation during this period of infection.

Conclusion

We believe this increase in genome-scale and SNP variation reflects a population expansion after acuteS.Agona infection, potentially reflecting an immune evasion mechanism which enables persistent infection to become established.
Effects of n-Hexane and ethanol extract ofMilicia excelsastone on pain perception in Sodium Monoiodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritic Female Wistar Rats
Authors: Adegbe Samson , Abiodun Lasaki Esohe , Jimoh-Abdulghaffaar Hidaayah Oluwamayowa , Adegoke Meekness
Published: July 2024

AIM

This research was undertaken to evaluate the effect of n-Hexane and ethanol extract ofMilicia excelsastone on pain perception in Sodium Monoiodoacetate-induced Osteoarthritic Female Wistar Rats. And the most active ingredient inMilicia excelsastone is calcium carbonate.

METHOD

For this study, fifty (50) female Wistar rats divided into five groups were used, these include: Positive control (normal health rats), Negative control (osteoarthritic rats with no treatment), Reference (osteoathritic rats treated with arthocare), Test (1) (osteoarthritic rats treated with n-Hexane extract ofmilicia excelsastone), Test (2) (osteoarthritic rats treated with ethanol extract ofmilicia excelsastone). Von Frey Hair Filament was used to access pain perception across the groups. And the knee circumference was taken pre-induction, induction, and post-induction.

RESULTS

The result of this experimental research showed that there was significant (p<0.05) decrease both in the cartilage and serum level of biomarkers such as Prostanglandin E2, Tumour Necrotic factor alpha, Vascular endothelial growth factor, and Cartillage oligomeric metalloprotein. There was significance (p<0.05) decrease in the knee oedema. Also, the pain threshold increased in both n-Hexane and ethanol groups.

CONCLUSION

It is therefore concluded that n-Hexane and ethanol extracts ofMilicia excelsahave significant effect in reducing pain perception in monosodium iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritic female Wistar rats.
Characterization of diatom communities in restored sewage channels in the Boye catchment, Germany
Authors: Mayombo Ntambwe Albert Serge , Haverbeck Lisa , Dani Mimoza , Kloster Michael , Vidakovic Danijela , Beszteri Bánk , Burfeid-Castellanos Andrea M.
Published: July 2024

Restoration programs were initiated in different stream systems within the Boye catchment in the early 1990s to stop and reverse the negative impacts of anthropogenic disturbances. However, our knowledge of the effects of restoration works in this river network, specifically on benthic diatom communities, is still limited. Diatoms were used successfully to assess the impact of restoration works in a range of river networks around the world but received less attention in the Boye catchment. This study aimed to characterize benthic diatom communities in this restored river catchment, using digital microscopy methods. We collected samples in the spring and summer of 2020 at sites restored in different years (1995, 2005, 2010, 2012, and 2013) within the catchment. Our results showed no effect of season, restoration date (year), and location of the site along the streams on the most dominant diatom species. However, some rare taxa indicated significant variations between the seasons. Overall water quality in the streams ranged from moderate to very good, indicating the positive impacts of restoration works conducted in these former sewage channels.
New Atg9 phosphorylation sites regulate autophagic trafficking in glia
Authors: Wang Linfang , Yi Shuanglong , Zhang Shiping , Tsai Yu-ting , Wang Honglei , Ho Margaret S.
Published: July 2024

We previously identified a role for dAuxilin (dAux), the fly homolog of Cyclin G-associated kinase (GAK), in glial autophagy contributing to Parkinson’s disease (PD). To further dissect the mechanism, we present evidence here that lack of glial dAux enhanced the phosphorylation of the autophagy-related protein Atg9 at two newly identified threonine residues, T62 and T69. Enhanced Atg9 phosphorylation in the absence of glial dAux is potentially regulated through the master autophagy regulator Atg1, as the presence of which is required for Atg9 to interact with dAux in an otherwise separate condition. The enhanced Atg9 phosphorylation promotes autophagosome formation and Atg9 trafficking to the autophagosomes in glia. Whereas the expression of the non-phosphorylatable Atg9 variants suppresses the lack of dAux-induced increase in both autophagosome formation and Atg9 trafficking to autophagosome, the expression of the phophomimetic Atg9 variants restores the lack of Atg1-induced decrease in both events. Notably, Atg9 phosphorylation at T62 and T69 contributes to DA neurodegeneration and locomotor dysfunction implicated in PD. Thus, we have identified a dAux-Atg1-Atg9 axis relaying signals through the Atg9 phosphorylation at T62 and T69; these findings further elaborate the mechanism of dAux regulating glial autophagy and highlight the significance of protein degradation pathway in glia contributing to PD.
Retinal bipolar cells borrow excitability from electrically coupled inhibitory interneurons to amplify excitatory synaptic transmission
Authors: Yadav Shubhash Chandra , Ganzen Logan , Nawy Scott , Kramer Richard H
Published: July 2024

Bipolar cells of the retina carry visual information from photoreceptors in the outer retina to retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in the inner retina. Bipolar cells express L-type voltage-gated Ca2+channels at the synaptic terminal, but generally lack other types of channels capable of regenerative activity. As a result, the flow of information from outer to inner retina along bipolar cell processes is generally passive in nature, with no opportunity for signal boost or amplification along the way. Here we report the surprising discovery that blocking voltage-gated Na+channels profoundly reduces the synaptic output of one class of bipolar cell, the type 6 ON bipolar cell (CBC6), despite the fact that the CBC6 itself does not express voltage-gated Na+channels. Instead, CBC6 borrows voltage-gated Na+channels from its neighbor, the inhibitory AII amacrine cell, with whom it is connected via an electrical synapse. Thus, an inhibitory neuron aids in amplification of an excitatory signal as it moves through the retina, ensuring that small changes in the membrane potential of bipolar cells are reliably passed onto downstream RGCs.
Transcriptomic responses of gecarcinid land crabs to acute and prolonged desiccation stress
Authors: Watson-Zink Victoria M. , Grosberg Richard K. , Lai Joelle C.Y. , Bay Rachael A.
Published: July 2024

Decapod crabs have repeatedly and convergently colonized land. Because of their aquatic ancestry, desiccation is their greatest physiological challenge, yet the genetic basis of their responses to desiccation are unknown. For this study, we sought to identify osmoregulatory genes that were differentially expressed in their antennal glands and posterior gills in response to desiccation stress. We dehydrated and tracked gene expression across three confamilial species displaying increasing degrees of terrestrial adaptation:Tuerkayana celeste,T. magna, andGecarcoidea natalis. We observed acute dramatic upregulation in the posterior gills ofT. celesteandG. natalisand a more muted response inT. magna; however some genes with known osmoregulatory functions were downregulated throughout the trial. We also found that some modules of orthologous genes with correlated expression were associated with greater degrees of terrestriality whereas others reflected shared ancestry, suggesting that different parts of the transcriptome are under varying degrees of terrestrial selective pressure. Finally, while differentially expressed genes were likely to be conserved across the three species, genes from expanded gene families and species-specific genes may also play a role in how land crabs adapt to the unique selective challenges that accompany a terrestrial life.
Relationship between acute SARS-CoV-2 viral clearance with Long COVID Symptoms: a cohort study
Authors: Herbert Carly , Antar Annukka A.R. , Broach John , Wright Colton , Stamegna Pamela , Luzuriaga Katherine , Hafer Nathaniel , McManus David D , Manabe Yukari C , Soni Apurv
Published: July 2024

Introduction

The relationship between SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics during acute infection and the development of long COVID is largely unknown.

Methods

A total of 7361 asymptomatic community-dwelling people enrolled in the Test Us at Home parent study between October 2021 and February 2022. Participants self-collected anterior nasal swabs for SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR testing every 24-48 hours for 10-14 days, regardless of symptom or infection status. Participants who had no history of COVID-19 at enrollment and who were subsequently found to have ≥1 positive SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR test during the parent study were recontacted in August 2023 and asked whether they had experienced long COVID, defined as the development of new symptoms lasting 3 months or longer following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Participant’s cycle threshold values were converted into viral loads, and slopes of viral clearance were modeled using post-nadir viral loads. Using a log binomial model with the modeled slopes as the exposure, we calculated the relative risk of subsequently developing long COVID with 1-2 symptoms, 3-4 symptoms, or 5+ symptoms, adjusting for age, number of symptoms, and SARS-CoV-2 variant. Adjusted relative risk (aRR) of individual long COVID symptoms based on viral clearance was also calculated.

Results

172 participants were eligible for analyses, and 59 (34.3%) reported experiencing long COVID. The risk of long COVID with 3-4 symptoms and 5+ symptoms increased by 2.44 times (aRR: 2.44; 95% CI: 0.88-6.82) and 4.97 times (aRR: 4.97; 95% CI: 1.90-13.0) per viral load slope-unit increase, respectively. Participants who developed long COVID had significantly longer times from peak viral load to viral clearance during acute disease than those who never developed long COVID (8.65 [95% CI: 8.28-9.01] vs. 10.0 [95% CI: 9.25-10.8]). The slope of viral clearance was significantly positively associated with long COVID symptoms of fatigue (aRR: 2.86; 95% CI: 1.22-6.69), brain fog (aRR: 4.94; 95% CI: 2.21-11.0), shortness of breath (aRR: 5.05; 95% CI: 1.24-20.6), and gastrointestinal symptoms (aRR: 5.46; 95% CI: 1.54-19.3).

Discussion

We observed that longer time from peak viral load to viral RNA clearance during acute COVID-19 was associated with an increased risk of developing long COVID. Further, slower clearance rates were associated with greater number of symptoms of long COVID. These findings suggest that early viral-host dynamics are mechanistically important in the subsequent development of long COVID.
Early and accurate prediction of COVID-19 hospitalization risk and symptomatic course of SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Holetschek Corinna , Goekkaya Mehmet , Dorgham Karim , Eder Paul , Luschkova Daria , Parizot Christophe , Tekinsoy Mehmet , Rauer Denise , Samri Assia ,   Early-Opt-COVID19 study group, Reiger Matthias , Hammel Gertrud , Steininger Philipp , Gilles Stefanie , Protzer Ulrike , Römmele Christoph , Gorochov Guy , Traidl-Hoffmann Claudia , Neumann Avidan U.
Published: July 2024

Background

Whilst SARS-CoV-2 infection has become endemic, COVID-19 related hospitalization and mortality are still considerably high. Both anti-viral and immune modulating therapies against COVID-19 are available, but they must be initiated early after infection and given only to patients of need. Currently, patients’ demographics and clinical pre-conditions factors are used to determine treatment eligibility. However, the latter do not provide accurate prediction and there are no useful biomarkers for early accurate prediction of COVID-19 related hospitalization risk and disease progression.

Methods

Non-vaccinated patients (N=185) were recruited early after the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test. Biochemistry, hematology and 8 serum cytokine levels were longitudinally measured within the first month.

Findings

Early levels of LDH, IL-6 or CRP, each alone or their combinations, were identified as accurate predictors for the risk of hospitalization (sensitivity=93.6-100%, specificity=93.4-96.7%, p<0.0001). Moreover, the combination of 4 cytokines (IFN-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-17A) was the only accurate predictor for symptoms risk (sensitivity=97.5%, specificity=92.3%, p<0.0001). In comparison, age and BMI showed significantly lower predictive values than above biomarkers. Prediction with above biomarkers was independent of sampling time (0-11 days post symptoms onset), age, gender, BMI, clinical pre-conditions or SARS-CoV-2 variant. Furthermore, the early higher levels of LDH, CRP and inflammatory cytokines in hospitalized, as compared to non-hospitalized, patients, stayed consistently higher for at least 4 weeks.

Interpretation

The risk for COVID-19 hospitalization or symptoms can be accurately predicted as early as the time of the first positive SARS-CoV-2 test, with biomarkers that are feasibly measurable at point-of-testing. These findings could allow for better early personalized treatment and optimization of clinical management of COVID-19 patients.
Whole-body PET imaging of SIV using anti-Env probes fails to reveal regions of specific uptake in rhesus macaques
Authors: Srinivasula Sharat , Kim Insook , Jang Hyukjin , Degrange Paula , Brown Heather , Dalton Viviana , Badralmaa Yunden , Natarajan Ven , Long Brad , Carrasquillo Jorge A. , Di Mascio Michele
Published: July 2024

Following the initial reports demonstrating the feasibility of immunoPET imaging of SIV using anti-Env monoclonal antibodies in non-human primates, replication efforts of the imaging system in HIV-infected individuals have yielded conflicting results. Herein, we used89Zr-7D3 and89Zr- ITS103.01LS-F(ab’)2, two anti-gp120 antibodies for immunoPET imaging of SIV in n=20 rhesus macaques. Despite their demonstrated nanomolar affinity and strong binding specificity to SIV gp120 cell lines, we observed no discernible differences in their binding in primary cells, tissue sections of secondary lymphoid organs,in-vivoprobe uptake between SIVmac-infected and uninfected macaques, orex-vivovalidation necropsies. While the probes remained stablein-vivo, only89Zr-ITS103.01LS-F(ab’)2in chronic plasma retained its binding specificity to SIV gp120, with89Zr-7D3 experiencing a >97% reduction in binding to gp120 due to competition from endogenous antibodies at the 7D3 binding site. The overall absence of specific uptake suggests inadequate binding potential (ligand affinity x target molarity) for these probes to effectively image SIV or HIVin-vivo, warranting further investigation into the lack of reproducibility observed with earlier non-human primate SIV imaging and conflicting human studies.
Integrating Gene Expression Analysis and Ecophysiological Responses to Water Deficit in Leaves of Tomato Plants
Authors: Bortolami G , de Werk T , Larter M , Thonglim A , Mueller-Roeber B , Balazadeh S. , Lens F.
Published: July 2024

Soil water deficit (WD) is one of the most important abiotic stresses affecting plant survival and crop yield. Despite its economic relevance, many gaps remain in our understanding of how crops respond to WD, especially concerning the synergistic coordination of molecular and ecophysiological adaptations delaying plant damage and mortality. In this study, we investigated the gene expression imposed by a progressive WD and combined it with measurements pointing to key ecophysiological thresholds in leaves of tomato plants. We uncovered the transcriptomic changes in mature leaves at four stages defined by physiological markers relating to different WD intensities: partial stomatal closure, complete stomatal closure, after leaf wilting, and beginning of embolism development in the veins. By identifying key transcription factors (TFs) across these progressively worsening WD stages, we investigated the timing and impact of ABA-(in)dependent gene regulatory pathways during WD. In addition, we compared the transcriptome in young developing versus mature leaves and explored the physiological mechanisms that may explain the higher tolerance to dehydration in younger leaves. By correlating the transcriptomic changes to precise ecophysiological measurements, the combined dataset will serve as a framework for future studies comparing leaf molecular and physiological responses to WD at specific intensities.

Highlight

Integrated ecophysiological and gene expression analyses identify key mechanisms underlying the different thresholds of tomato responses to water deficit
3-[(Benzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)amino]-4-methoxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione: polymorphism and twinning of a precursor to an antimycobacterial squaramide
Authors: Palme Paul R. , Goddard Richard , Richter Adrian , Imming Peter , Seidel Rüdiger W.
Published: July 2024

The title compound, 3-[(benzo-1,3-dioxol-5-yl)amino]-4-methoxycyclobut-3-ene-1,2-dione, C12H9NO5 (3), is a precursor to an antimycobacterial squaramide. Block-shaped crystals of a monoclinic form (3-I, space group P21/c, Z = 8, Z′ = 2) and needle-shaped crystals of a triclinic form (3-II, space group P-1, Z = 4, Z′ = 2) were found to crystallize concomitantly. In both crystal forms, R2
2(10) dimers assemble through N—H...O=C hydrogen bonds. These dimers are formed from crystallographically unique molecules in 3-I, but exhibit crystallographic C

i
symmetry in 3-II. Twinning by pseudomerohedry was encountered in the crystals of 3-II. The conformations of 3 in the solid forms 3-I and 3-II are different from one another but are similar for the unique molecules in each polymorph. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations on the free molecule of 3 indicate that a nearly planar conformation is preferred.
Determinants of exchange rate threshold effect on economic growth. Evidence from Ghana
Authors: Awadzie David Mensah , Attah-Botchwey Edward , Mawudor Bright Gabriel
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The exchange rate is an important driver of a country’s economic growth, influencing trade, investment, inflation, and employment. This study’s main objective was to investigate the threshold effects of exchange rates on economic growth.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, innovative endogenous threshold autoregressive (TAR) models introduced by Hansen (2000) are employed for estimation and inference. The dataset comprises secondary annual time series data from Ghana, covering thirty-one years from 1990 to 2021. Economic growth is represented by GDPPC, with the growth exchange rate serving as the crucial threshold variable.

Findings

The finding suggests a single exchange rate threshold for Ghana, indicating a nonlinear relationship with economic growth. However, above 8.97%, the exchange rate considerably slows growth, harming the economy. The exchange rate negatively influences growth in both low and high-exchange-rate regimes, but it is insignificant in the high regime. In addition, inflation has a significant negative influence on growth in the low regime but a positive impact on the high regime. In contrast, interest rates positively impact growth in both regimes, though not as significantly in the high regime.

Practical implications

The findings from this study offer valuable insights to the Ghanaian government and policymakers as they consider choosing an exchange rate target that helps minimise the negative impact of a high exchange rate to promote economic growth.

Originality/value

This paper is remarkable for being one of the few studies that have explored the relationship between exchange rates and economic growth, exploring the threshold effect.
Happiness or not? Impacts of multi-stage consumption on the consumer affective response in the use of aesthetic foods
Authors: Chou Yu-Jen , Huang Li-Shia , Ye Shu-Jyun
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This study examines the influence of Centrality of Visual Product Aesthetics (CVPA) on multi-stage food consumption and emotions under aesthetic disruption, assessing how CVPA affects consumption and whether food aesthetics moderate these behaviours and emotional responses.

Design/methodology/approach

Data were collected using qualitative interviews and quantitative experimental designs, employing a moderated mediation model for statistical analysis.

Findings

Consumers with higher CVPA are more likely to adopt multi-stage consumption for higher aesthetic food, generating greater positive emotions, both in personal experiences and when viewing food bloggers' posts.

Originality/value

This study introduces the novel concept of “multi-stage consumption” and investigates its origins and outcomes.
Silent ripples: negative CSR associations' impact in non-crisis situations
Authors: Moon Bitt , Choi Chang-Won , Kim Eugene
Published: July 2024

Purpose

A total of 478 Americans participated in an online survey. Each participant was asked to answer questions about a company randomly assigned from one of 36 companies representing six industries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study aims to explain how corporate social responsibility (CSR) and negative corporate ability (CA) associations lead to negative word-of-mouth (WOM) intentions in non-crisis situations. Specifically, this study investigates the mediating roles of revenge and avoidance motives in the relationship between negative CSR and CA associations and the intention to generate negative WOM.

Findings

The findings indicate that negative CSR associations have a greater effect on WOM than negative CA associations. Moreover, negative CSR associations stimulate the revenge motive, resulting in stronger intentions to spread negative information, while negative CA associations lead to the avoidance motive, resulting in weaker intentions to spread negative information.

Originality/value

Unlike most previous studies that focused on crises, this study examines how negative CA and CSR associations influence negative WOM in non-crisis situations, shedding light on the roles of motives including the revenge and avoidance. The research fills a gap in the existing literature by demonstrating that negative CSR associations have a greater impact on negative WOM intentions than negative CA associations in non-crisis situations.
Aerospace supply chains using blockchain technology: implications for sustainable development goals
Authors: Ibrahim Azian , Fernando Yudi , Shaharudin Muhammad Shabir , Ganesan Yuvaraj , Ahmad Noor Hazlina , Amran Azlan , Lee Khai Loon
Published: July 2024

Purpose

The interconnectedness of supply chain processes in the aerospace industry requires companies to operate with excellence and the ability to provide robust technologies such as blockchain technology (BCT) to aid supply chain productivity. This paper aims to examine the existing practices of aerospace supply chain management, identify how BCT is used in the aerospace supply chain and whether it affects environmental sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

The qualitative research approach was used, and an online interview with informants was undertaken to collect data.

Findings

The findings demonstrate that BCT has a diverse function in achieving sustainable development goals.

Practical implications

The manufacturing sector can be strengthened by successfully deploying BCT in aerospace supply chain management. It contributes to achieving sustainable development objectives by introducing transparency to the system and bolstering market position. BCT enables organisations to gain a competitive edge by attaining innovative operational excellence in the face of the complexity of the supply chain environment.

Originality/value

The findings can serve as a guide for anticipating the effectiveness of BCT in aerospace supply chain management.
ESG dynamics in real estate: temporal patterns and financial implications for REITs returns
Authors: Morri Giacomo , Dipierri Anna , Colantoni Federico
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This paper aims to explore the dynamic relationship between ESG scores and REITS returns. The overarching goal is to provide a better understanding of how ESG considerations impact financial performance across different temporal contexts.

Design/methodology/approach

Using a sample of 175 European Equity REITs, this analysis combines numerical ESG scores with the Fama-French model, employing both random and fixed effects methods. It integrates individual REIT data and the HESGL (High ESG Scores Minus Low ESG Scores) factors to assess their impact on REIT returns.

Findings

The findings highlight divergent patterns between the numerical ESG score and the HESGL factor concerning REIT returns. While the numerical ESG score displays a negative impact in later periods, the HESGL factor demonstrates a positive effect during prosperous times but loses significance during crises.

Originality/value

This research contributes original insights by emphasizing the importance of temporal segmentation in understanding the nuanced and evolving nature of the relationship between ESG scores and REITs’ returns. The study provides a comprehensive analysis and highlights divergent outcomes that are essential for a better interpretation of ESG impacts on real estate investments.
Supply chain 5.0 digitalization: an integrated approach for risk assessment
Authors: Zekhnini Kamar , Chaouni Benabdellah Abla , Bag Surajit , Gupta Shivam
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This article aims to assess risks related to the supply chain 5.0 digitalization. It aims to analyze interdependencies and causal relationships between critical digital supply chain 5.0 risks, emphasizing the need for proactive management to address emerging challenges.

Design/methodology/approach

Through an extensive literature review and expert judgment, risks related to supply chain 5.0 digitalization are identified. An integrated approach for risk assessment is employed, where the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is utilized to prioritize these risks. Subsequently, the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) method is employed to investigate cause-and-effect relationships among the identified top 10 risks. This comprehensive analysis forms the basis for informed strategic management decision-making.

Findings

The analysis identifies significant influences of “Dependence on technology,” “Complexity”, “Potential system failures”, and “Cyber security” while “Environmental impact” and “Socio-economic disparities” emerge as prominent risks in supply chain 5.0 digitalization. These findings offer actionable insights for management decision-making, guiding the formulation of strategies to address and mitigate critical risks.

Practical implications

The proposed integrated approach (AHP-DEMATEL) provides valuable insights for managers to effectively mitigate digital supply chain 5.0 risks and strategically respond to disruptions. By prioritizing risks, organizations can allocate resources efficiently and address the most critical challenges first, minimizing long-term damage to resilience. Embracing this approach enables practitioners to enhance overall supply chain resilience, guiding key management decisions for the development of sustainable and adaptive strategies.

Originality/value

This paper marks the first comprehensive attempt to assess supply chain 5.0 digitalization risks using decision-making methods like AHP and DEMATEL. The integrated approach contributes novel insights to the field of supply chain risk management, specifically aiding management decision-making in the face of digitalization challenges.
Breathing new life: exploring the cutting edge of technology adoption in the textile industry
Authors: Chourasiya Rupesh , Pandey Shrikant
Published: July 2024

Purpose

This comprehensive review study aims to analyze the current state of technology adoption (TA) within the textile industry, with a particular focus on the economic, environmental, and social dimensions.

Design/methodology/approach

Twenty-four articles from the Scopus database, spanning from January 2015 to March 2024, were meticulously selected for analysis. The review uses a qualitative approach, synthesizing diverse perspectives to provide a holistic understanding of TA in the textile sector.

Findings

The review highlights a noticeable lag in the adoption of new technologies, particularly in developing nations like India, within the textile industry. Despite significant technological advancements, there remains a gap between innovation and implementation. Sustainable approaches to mitigate environmental impacts emerge as a key focus, underscoring the need for operational enhancements and policy interventions.

Research limitations/implications

The study’s reliance on articles from the SCOPUS database presents a limitation, potentially overlooking relevant research from other sources.

Practical implications

Practitioners in the textile industry can benefit from the review’s insights by understanding the importance of integrating technological advancements sustainably. By leveraging innovative solutions and collaborating with policymakers, firms can enhance operational efficiency while minimizing environmental impacts, thus ensuring long-term competitiveness.

Social implications

Efforts to advance TA in the textile industry have significant social implications, including job creation, improved working conditions and reduced environmental harm.

Originality/value

Study addressed the insights for policymakers, industry practitioners and researchers seeking to drive technological innovation while addressing socio-economic and environmental challenges.
Developing a Human Learning Systems approach for inter‐agency collaboration: Lessons from the UK NHS
Authors: Ormston Christianne , Macaulay Michael
Published: July 2024

This research note presents an exploratory case study that investigates ways in which Human Learning Systems (HLS) has been applied to a new UK health initiative, Collaborative Newcastle. Collaborative Newcastle is a multi‐agency venture that brings together the National Health Service, local government, higher education, voluntary organisations, and the community sector to encourage innovation and cooperation in delivering healthcare services. As part of this initiative, multi‐agency leadership training has been delivered to managers working within the Collaborative Newcastle organisations to lead within an HLS ethos. It will offer comments on some of the claims to originality that are made on behalf of HLS and other relational models of public management. HLS is in its infancy in Australasia, and therefore this note also offers suggestions from the case study on learnings that could be transposed into the southern hemisphere.

Points for practitioners

The bespoke nature of the Human Learning Systems (HLS) approach makes it worthy of further exploration in Australasia.

HLS, in this case, has created conditions for increased innovation and trust between multiple partners

HLS lends itself to utilising local knowledge and indigenous epistemologies
Social language development and vocabulary characteristics of three‐ to six‐year‐old children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Minh Thanh Tran Thi , Nguyen Hien Thi Thu , Nguyen Quang Nhat , Do Thi Thuy
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the levels of social language and vocabulary characteristics of three‐ to six‐year‐old children with autism in Vietnam. The research is based on analysis of the developmental assessment reports of 151 children with autism, and 42 parents' reports on their children's vocabulary (recorded using the Child Word Inventory form). The findings show that about 85% of participants have a language level that is below average. The rate of accumulation of words and social language by children with autism is slower than that of typically developing children of the same age. It is also found that the participants' number of production words is 2.4 times greater than their number of reception words. Nonetheless, their receptive words have little correlation with their overall development and social language development. This implies that parents and teachers of children with autism should make a point of assisting them in enlarging and comprehending their vocabulary, to enable them to use their language (words) for effective communication.
Perioperative hypotension and use of vasoactive agents in non‐cardiac surgery: A scoping review
Authors: Bækgaard Emilie Stokholm , Madsen Bennedikte Kollerup , Crone Vera , El‐Hallak Hayan , Møller Morten Hylander , Vester‐Andersen Morten , Krag Mette
Published: July 2024

Background

Perioperative hypotension is common and associated with adverse patient outcomes. Vasoactive agents are often used to manage hypotension, but the ideal drug, dose and duration of treatment has not been established. With this scoping review, we aim to provide an overview of the current body of evidence regarding the vasoactive agents used to treat perioperative hypotension in non‐cardiac surgery.

Methods

We included all studies describing the use of vasoactive agents for the treatment of perioperative hypotension in non‐cardiac surgery. We excluded literature reviews, case studies, and studies on animals and healthy subjects. We posed the following research questions: (1) in which surgical populations have vasoactive agents been studied? (2) which agents have been studied? (3) what doses have been assessed? (4) what is the duration of treatment? and (5) which desirable and undesirable outcomes have been assessed?

Results

We included 124 studies representing 10 surgical specialties. Eighteen different agents were evaluated, predominantly phenylephrine, ephedrine, and noradrenaline. The agents were administered through six different routes, and numerous comparisons between agents, dosages and routes were included. Then, 88 distinct outcome measures were assessed, of which 54 were judged to be non‐patient‐centred.

Conclusions

We found that studies concerning vasoactive agents for the treatment of perioperative hypotension varied considerably in all aspects. Populations were heterogeneous, interventions and exposures included multiple agents compared against themselves, each other, fluids or placebo, and studies reported primarily non‐patient‐centred outcomes.
Radiomorphometric analysis of the metapodial bones in the Scottish fold cats
Authors: Oğuz Utku , Ince Nazan Gezer , Duro Sokol
Published: July 2024

Scottish Fold cats (Felis catus, Linnaeus 1758) are one of the most well‐known and popular cat breeds in the world, characterized by their folded ears attached to the head. Very frequently, cats fall prey of different trauma and accidents that can cause bone fractures especially in the metapodial bones. The method of radiometry is used in veterinary practice to visualize and measure different parts of the animal skeleton. The aim of this study was to assess the linear parameters derived from radiographic images of the metacarpals and metatarsals in Scottish Fold cats and additionally detecting potential sexual dimorphism. Radiographic images of 24 adult Scottish Fold cats (12 male and 12 females) of different ages and weights were analysed. Six linear measurements of the metapodial bones were evaluated to investigate any differences between the sexes. The linear radiometric measurements of the five metacarpals (MC1‐5) and the four metatarsals (MT2‐5) bones were larger in male metapodial bones than that of female cats. The maximum length (Ml) of the MC1 and MC2 was statistically different between sex, respectively, (p = 0.001) and (p = 0.05). The others metacarpal bones were different in mostly all linear parameters but not statistically significant. The most significant differences between sexes were observed in the parameter of width proximal end (Wp) of MC1‐3 (p = 0.001) and MC4 (p = 0.05). More statistical different was MT2 and less MT3. The linear parameter of Bd of the MT4 was the most different statistically between sex (p = 0.001). The results of the study will be useful in function of comparative anatomy, in veterinary clinical practice, in zoo archaeology and in the veterinary forensic investigation.
Assessing the longevity of attribute framing in attenuating the nocebo effect to brand and generic medication
Authors: Barnes Kirsten , Sydney Kurt , Petkovich Kristina , Hasan Yasmin , Koul Saakshi , Humphreys Kiarne , Geers Andrew L. , Faasse Kate
Published: July 2024

The perception of taking a generic, relative to brand, medication has been demonstrated to exacerbate the nocebo effect. Conversely, positive attribute framing has been shown to attenuate the nocebo effect. However, little is known about the longevity of positive attribute framing nor how it interacts with generic versus brand treatment cues. Healthy participants (N = 205) were randomised to receive either sham‐modafinil capsules with a brand or generic appearance, in conjunction with standard negative side effect framing (brand‐negative: N = 42; generic‐negative: N = 41) or positive side effect framing (brand‐positive: N = 40; generic‐positive: N = 40). The remainder were randomised to a no‐treatment control (N = 42). Participants were informed that modafinil could enhance alertness and cognitive performance and reduce fatigue. Critically, modafinil was described as having several potential side effects. Treatment‐related side effects, alertness, fatigue and cognitive performance were measured at baseline, 30‐min post‐treatment and 24 h later. Nocebo and placebo effects were observed across modafinil‐treated participants relative to control. Positive framing significantly reduced warned side effects for 24 h. Perceived side effect likelihood, severity, and worry mediated the nocebo, but not framing, effect. Results have important implications for the presentation of side effect information, providing a potential route to reduce unwanted negative effects of generic medication.
Tracheal repair with sternocleidomastoid flap in mediastinoscopic surgery for esophageal cancer
Authors: Yoshida Chihiro , Chang Sung Soo , Okamoto Taku
Published: July 2024

Tracheal injury during mediastinoscopic esophagectomy is a life‐threatening complication that is challenging to manage. However, no precise treatment has been defined. An 80‐year‐old male patient with upper esophageal cancer underwent a mediastinoscopic esophagectomy and gastric tube reconstruction through the posterior mediastinal route. When the esophagus was separated from the trachea using a bipolar vessel sealing system, the left side of the membranous trachea incurred a 3‐cm defect 7 cm below the sternal notch. We successfully repaired the tracheal injury not by directly suturing the defect but by reinforcing it with a pedicle sternocleidomastoid flap. The gastric tube was placed over the tracheal repair for esophageal reconstruction via a posterior mediastinal route. As a result, the patient recovered well and was discharged. A sternocleidomastoid flap might be another surgical option for reinforcement flaps in tracheal injuries.