bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Liminalidad: entre la ilustración y la literatura infantil.
Authors: Salvador Sarauz Patricia Lorena , Garcés Gutiérrez Liliana
Published: March 2020

Sobre la base del concepto de liminalidad y el papel que juega la imagen en el desarrollo del pensamiento infantil, este trabajo analiza la relación que surge al interior de una obra cuando esta ha sido construida por el lenguaje literario y el de la ilustración. Frente a la innegable importancia de la palabra a lo largo del crecimiento de la niña y el niño, se destaca la incidencia que tiene la imagen en el proceso de construcción de su cultura. De ahí lo sustancial de la experiencia de lectura en la que se conjugan la palabra y la ilustración. La noción de “liminalidad” permite comprender la particular forma en que ambas manifestaciones artísticas convergen dentro del texto de literatura infantil para generar un producto híbrido que surge de ese lugar de encuentro, un resultado cuya poética es única y nace de la articulación de esa diversidad.
Políticas sobre la tierra y la deuda. Variaciones sobre Gaia.
Authors: Cangi Adrián
Published: March 2020

Los originarios, llamados “indígenas” por una generalidad blanca, imperial, colonial y republicana, miran la Tierra y extraen su fuerza de ella sin desvelar sus secretos. Habitar como originario supone tener como referencia primordial la relación con la Tierra en la que se nace y en la que se fabrica el nicho vital, no importa si su localización es en la selva, en la aridez de los desiertos, en las faldas andinas o en las comunidades de las periferias metropolitanas. Lo que sitúa a esos cuerpos es su condición de formar comunidad ligada a un lugar específico que será inmanente a su constitución existencial. Los originarios no se sienten ciudadanos como sujetos de derecho que forman parte de una población controlada por un Estado, sino cuerpos encarnados a la Tierra que solo existen bajo la forma del plural de la palabra “Pueblos”. Los pueblos y los cuerpos de los originarios son parte de la Tierra. La separación entre la comunidad y la Tierra supone la separación entre las personas de derecho y sus cuerpos, operación central ejecutada por la historia del Estado para crear poblaciones administradas. Esta es la calle de mano única que transforma al originario en “ciudadano pobre” o “pobre sin tierra”, lo que obliga a los cuerpos a vender su subsistencia para enriquecer a los nuevos dueños de la tierra. Separar a los originarios de su relación con el nicho vital, de su relación política y social que vive de la tierra, es una operación de los Estados trascendentes que se ligan hoy a las formas del capitalismo financiero, para transformar a los llamados “indios” en pobres, porque sin pobres no hay capitalismo.
PENENTUAN KADAR TANIN DALAM PELARUT ETANOL 50% DARI KULIT BUAH MANGGIS (Garcinia mangostana L.) DENGAN BANTUAN SELULASE Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1
Authors: Miranti - , Nugroho Titania Tjandrawati , Teruna Hilwan Yuda
Published: March 2020

Tanin merupakan senyawa turunan polifenol yang memiliki berat molekul 500-3000 yang memiliki gugus hidroksi fenolik. Tanin yang terkandung dalam kulit buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan aditif pada bahan industri cat, tekstil dan penyamak kulit. Penggunaan enzim selulase dalam proses ekstraksi tanin menggunakan alkohol 50% diharapkan mampu meningkatkan ekstrak kadar tanin. Kulit buah manggis diekstraksi dengan dan tanpa enzim selulase Trichoderma asperellum LBKURCC1 menggunakan pelarut bufer Naasetat 0,05 M pH 5,5 dan bufer-etanol dengan konsentrasi etanol 50%. Kandungan total tanin dianalisis menggunakan metoda Folin-Denis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kandungan tanin per gram kulit buah manggismeningkat secara signifikan (p<0,05) dengan penambahan etanol 50% dibandingkan tanpa etanol. Sedangkan kandungan tanin per gram kulit buah manggis dengan perlakuan tanpa dan menggunakan enzim selulase tidak memberikan perbedaan hasil yang nyata (p≥0,05).
ANALISIS PENYEBAB BELUM TERLAKSANANYA SISTEM KOMPUTERISASI DI TEMPAT PENDAFTARAN PASIEN RAWAT JALAN (TPPRJ) DI RUMAH SAKIT UMUM DAERAH PETALA BUMI PEKANBARU TAHUN 2015
Authors: Maimun Nur , Astika Fitriani
Published: March 2020

Computers as an electronic gear go through data, able to receive advice and output, the data is the as a high, precision, And the ability keep instructions to solve the problem. This study attempts to find out the cause of unrealized a computerized system in place registration ambulatory in RSUD Petala Bumi pekanbaru years 2015. Research methodology with a qualitative approach. technics data collection by means of observation, interviews and documentation. Data analysis qualitative analysis. The results of the study because the hospital new this year become the house district general hospital while first still in under UPT provincial health office riau. Human resources in components of the system computerized not enough. Facilities and infrastructure for a computerized system there has been no. There is no sop to a computerized system, and funding of the have been over budgeted but still in the process. In suggest: the sum of human resources in addition, make facilities and infrastructure, sop at the record medical and needs to be improved again efforts advocacy that ususlan budget / cost to a computerized systemin TPPRJ can be processed by related parties.
Strategi Jitu dan Efektif Menyelesaikan Soal Ujian Nasional Bahasa Inggris bagi Siswa Kelas XII SMK N 1 Bangkinang
Authors: Syahfutra Wandi , Niah Siti , Ardiya Ardiya , Pahmi Pahmi , Wibowo Agung Prasetyo , Febtiningsih Prih
Published: March 2020

Abstract

The community service that has been done is aimed to give an idea and understanding of ​​the importance of English mastery and provide motivation for the participants in relation to English mastery. Furthermore, it is done in order to make the students easy to understand English, especially on basic materials with English learning methods that are related to students of SMK level using the concept of English for Specific Purpose (ESP) so that later students are able to do the English Language Test of National Examination well.

Keywords: The community of public service, English for Specific Purpose, National  Examination
«And fun, and not so boring, at easter as a holiday» (national memory of the word: Kotlyarevsky – Shevchenko – Kulish)
Authors: Yermolenko Svitlana
Published: March 2020

In the article for the first time in Ukrainian linguistics the juxtaposition of artistic (poetic) and non-fiction works is carried out, in which the words symbols of the Ukrainian national culture – Easter, motley are attested. It is noted that these words-concepts are expressions of national memory, which is etched in texts, dictionaries, in generations of people, in the national-cultural consciousness of the people. The starting point was the position of memory – a psychological category inherent in the artistic text. It is manifested differently in poetic and prose works and reveals specific features of text and meaning in those texts. Because each text is created in a specific style, genre, the forms of expression of meaningful units of memory undergo textual, as well as individual-style transformation. It is not only about the peculiarities of the associative thinking of the subjects who make the text, but also about the typical lexico-grammatical and textual means of explaining the concepts of national culture.
Writers I. Kotlyarevsky, T. Shevchenko, and P. Kulish, sensing the symbolism of ethno-cultural tokens, filled them with a concrete and sensual perception of the festive and everyday, as well as socio-cultural content. The national memory of these words is the potential for self-knowledge.
Different genre-style texts of the Ukrainian literary language trace the constancy of the antithesis «high and low», «fun and sad», «lyrical and tragic», which are related to the words-symbols Easter, motley. Easter in the assessment of writers is not only an annual Christian holiday, but also an ideal of life for the Ukrainian people.
Writers as thinkers always strive for the conclusion of some universal truths. And for their word to reach the reader, it must be an integral part of national memory.
Linguosophy of modern humor and satirein the people's journal
Authors: Kots Tatiana
Published: March 2020

The article is devoted to the analysis of linguistic means of humor and satire in Magazine «Perets». Particular attention is paid to the nuclear concepts of texts (power, social sphere, economy) around which the satirical-humorous paradigms of language are formed. Humorous-satirical effect is achieved by combining high and low styles, combining in one row of heterogeneous objects, contextual logical inconsistency, repetition of ambiguous words, accumulation of synonyms, use of the periphery of transformed folk-speaking phraseologies. The main function of laughter at the present stage of society is to minimize social stress, to adapt the society to a radical change in socio-cultural values, to maximize painless perception of daily household difficulties.
The content of Magazine «Perets» remains an expression of national-intellectual humor, a testament to the moral and psychological health of Ukrainians, who, laughing, saying goodbye to the past, trying to change contemporary realities, establish themselves, and preserve universal values.It became the main illustrated satirical-humorous magazine, a manifestation of the defensive reaction of Ukrainians against various threats, authorities, authorities, the fixator of Ukrainian noble laugh culture.Since the end of the twentieth century. the edition is dominated by satirical texts with a sharply revealing character with elements of sarcasm, the defining feature of which is malleability, documentalism, exposition of important social phenomena, important social events.
Effect of arginine and selenium with vitamin E in some biochemical properties of Inseminated ewes
Authors: Alawiy I , Mohammed T , Majeed A
Published: March 2020

The study was conducted in one of the fields of the private sector within Basaaer the village of the district of Hit / Anbar at 180 km west of Baghdad, during the period from 17/4/2018 to 30/5/2018. 28 ewes with an age of 2-4 years with a weight of 40-50 kg with at least one birth. All ewes were tested using ultrasonography to ensure that they were free of pregnancy before the start of the experiment. Synchronization of estrus with intravaginal sponges was achieved in ewes, and inseminated with rams at the end of the hormonal program. The rams remained with the females for five days. The ewes were randomly divided into four equal groups (7 ewes in each group). The first group were injected with 160 micro mol / kg body weight and from the fifth day of the inseminated until day 20 of pregnancy The second group was treated by injecting selenium plus vitamin E with (2 ml/head α-Tocopheryl Acetate 68mg/ml Selenium 1.5mg/ml) intramuscular. The first dose was given on day 5 and the second one on day 19 of insemination the early at pregnancy. The third group were injected the arginine with the selenium plus vitamin E emulsion, The fourth group was injected with a physiological saline solution and considered as control group. Blood samples were collected from jugular vein prior to treatment on day 4 of the insemination as well as on days 10, 15, and 18, to measure the changes in the chemical properties at the early of pregnancy. The results of the study showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the treatments and control groups. The results showed a decrease in the concentration of urea and ALT enzyme as compared with the first group and control. The present study did not show a significant differences at early of pregnancy in the concentration of cholesterol, total protein, albumin, globulin, glucose, and AST enzyme at the early of pregnancy for ewes. The results also showed a significant difference (P≤0.05) between the different withdrawal periods within the same treatment in the control and other groups the concentration of ALT enzyme, and total protein.
It can be concluded from this study that the use of arginine and selenium with vitamin E improves maternal health by reducing the level of urea and ALT enzyme and maintaining pregnancy after insemination.
Effect Of Arginine On The Some Blood And Biochemical Parameters For Local Goat Females.
Authors: Ahmed A , Mohammed T
Published: March 2020

This study was conducted in one of the private sector fields in Anbar province - Hit city - Albasaer village (70 km west of the Ramadi city,), for the period from 28/6/2018 to 1/9/2018. Twenty one local female goats aged between 2-4 years and weighing between 24.5 to 36.5 kg were used, Which have previous one birth or more. All female goats were tested using ultrasound to make sure they were not pregnant before the experiment began. Females were randomly divided into three equal groups (7 goats in each group).Vaginal sponges (60 mg MAP) were injected into the three groups at the same time. The first group T1 was injected intramuscularly with the amino acid, arginine (US Nevada manufacturing) in the muscles at 200μmol.kg Five days before the sponge was pulled out until the 17 day after the sponge was pulled out, While the second group T2 was injected with amino acid (arginine) at 160 μmol.kg. Five days before the sponge was pulled until the 17th day after that. The third group T3 control group was injected with 5 ml Normal Saline intramuscularly of the animal. All animals were injected three times daily from the eighth day after the sponge was placed (five days before removing of the sponge) until 17 days after the removing of sponge. Where the total number of injection days was 22 days. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein before injection of the arginine on day 7 and day 12 of the sponge placed either after the sponge pulled the blood samples were taken on the days 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 13, 18, respectively of the experiment After sponges removing. The objective of the study was to measure changes in the blood, biochemical parameters, during arginine treatment. The results of this study showed significant differences. T1 and T2 group were superior compared to control group in blood properties which include PCV in periods 2, 5, the number of white blood cells in periods 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, MID in periods 3, 9 and Lymphocytes in periods 4, 5, 6, 9, While the neutrophil cells the period of 3. In terms of biochemical properties, the results showed a significant differences, between the treatments of T1 and T2 were superior compared to control treatments in the total protein concentration in period 6, and the globulin in period 6. We conclude that the use of different doses of arginine can improve the health status of female goats.
CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION: CREATIVITY AND POLITENESS STRATEGIES ACROSS CULTURES. A COMPARISON OF LITHUANIAN AND AMERICAN CULTURES
Authors: Jakučionytė Viktorija
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study was to identify creative reactions and politeness schemes in two languages in cross-cultural communication – American English and Lithuanian – and then compare the means of expressing politeness strategies and creative reactions in the two mentioned languages. The method used in the study is a survey, evaluated by both qualitative and quantitative methods. The research illustrated that the two mentioned cultures do indeed express creative reactions as well as use the speech acts of gratitude and apology. It also showed that American female and American male groups tend to choose more polite and creative reactions, while Lithuanian female and Lithuanian male groups tend to use less polite and creative reactions more often. Americans (both genders) do not imply the feeling of gratitude or apology, they say it directly. The Lithuanians (both genders) expressed gratitude or apology in everyday situations not as often and not as directly. In other words, the Lithuanian culture tends to use positive politeness; and vice versa, the American culture tends to use negative politeness. Besides that, the research revealed that gender plays a significant role in the answers of the survey respondents. The female Americans and female Lithuanians seem to be more polite and express more creative reactions than their male counterparts. It was also revealed that the respondents of American nationality express gratitude or apology in a more polite and creative way and use more speech acts of gratitude or apology in both private and public spheres than the group of Lithuanian respondents.
The Branching Ratio of LIGO Binary Black Holes
Authors: Safarzadeh Mohammadtaher
Published: March 2020

Formation of binary black holes (BBHs) detected by gravitational-wave observations could be broadly divided into two categories: those formed through field binary evolution and those assembled dynamically in dense stellar systems. The branching ratio of the BBHs refers to the contribution of each channel. The dynamical assembly channel would predict a symmetric distribution in the effective spins of the BBHs while field formation predicts BBHs to have positive effective spins. By modeling these two populations based on their effective spin distribution we show that in the 10 BBHs detected by LIGO/Virgo the contribution of the dynamically assembled BBHs is more than about 50% with 90% confidence. This result is based on the assumption that the field binaries are born with positive effective spins not restricted to have small values.
Developing Standards for Improved Data Quality and for Selecting Fit for Use Biodiversity Data
Authors: Chapman Arthur , Belbin Lee , Zermoglio Paula , Wieczorek John , Morris Paul , Nicholls Miles , Rees Emily Rose , Veiga Allan , Thompson Alexander , Saraiva Antonio , James Shelley , Gendreau Christian , Benson Abigail , Schigel Dmitry
Published: March 2020

The quality of biodiversity data publicly accessible via aggregators such as GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), the ALA (Atlas of Living Australia), iDigBio (Integrated Digitized Biocollections), and OBIS (Ocean Biogeographic Information System) is often questioned, especially by the research community.

The Data Quality Interest Group, established by Biodiversity Information Standards (TDWG) and GBIF, has been engaged in four main activities: developing a framework for the assessment and management of data quality using a fitness for use approach; defining a core set of standardised tests and associated assertions based on Darwin Core terms; gathering and classifying user stories to form contextual-themed use cases, such as species distribution modelling, agrobiodiversity, and invasive species; and developing a standardised format for building and managing controlled vocabularies of values.

Using the developed framework, data quality profiles have been built from use cases to represent user needs. Quality assertions can then be used to filter data suitable for a purpose. The assertions can also be used to provide feedback to data providers and custodians to assist in improving data quality at the source. A case study, using two different implementations of tests and assertions based around the Darwin Core "Event Date" terms, were also tested against GBIF data, to demonstrate that the tests are implementation agnostic, can be run on large aggregated datasets, and can make biodiversity data more fit for typical research uses.
Prevalence and management of Solenopsis invicta in China
Authors: Wang Lei , Zeng Ling , Xu Yijuan , Lu Yongyue
Published: March 2020

Red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta, was first found in Taiwan province of China in 2003. To prevent transboundary expansion, the Chinese government has formulated various control strategies in the last 15 years to slow down the spread of S. invicta. Despite all efforts, S. invicta invasion has reached more than 390 counties of 13 provinces and two special administrative regions in China; at present, S. invicta remains at the stage of rapid expansion. The transnational entry of S. invicta is linked to imported logs and wastepaper coming mostly from the United States. In domestic settings, long-distance expansion of S. invicta relied on potted plant and turf transportation. Both monogyne and polygyne social forms of S. invicta were present in China with polygyne colonies as the dominant one. Data on population and breeding dynamics of S. invicta reveal the presence of two peaks annually with nuptial flights occurring throughout the year. Arthropods, plant seeds, and honeydew are important food sources of S. invicta, thereby causing negative impacts on the abundance, diversity, and richness of native arthropod communities. Fire ants are threats not only to agriculture and power facilities, but also to human health, with more than 30% of people having suffered from the sting and 10% having experienced an allergic reaction. To address the expansion of S. invicta, the National Fire Ant Detection and Management Union was established and the formulation and implementation of management policies were drawn. Plant quarantine becomes an essential step in fire ant management, whereas the two-step method of combing toxic baits and contact dust emerges as the forefront method crucial in managing S. invicta. The experience and lessons learned from fire ant management in China could benefit other countries when facing similar challenges.
Notes on the genus Trigonotoma from China, with descriptions of two new species (Carabidae, Pterostichinae)
Authors: Zhu Pingzhou , Shi Hongliang , Liang Hongbin
Published: March 2020

The genusTrigonotomain China is studied, with descriptions of two new species,T. digitatasp. nov.andT. constrictasp. nov.One species is reported as new to China,Trigonotoma indicaBrullé, 1834. Species relationships within ChineseTrigonotomaare briefly discussed mainly based on the endophallic characters.
DNA barcode library for European Gelechiidae (Lepidoptera) suggests greatly underestimated species diversity
Authors: Huemer Peter , Karsholt Ole , Aarvik Leif , Berggren Kai , Bidzilya Oleksiy , Junnilainen Jari , Landry Jean-François , Mutanen Marko , Nupponen Kari , Segerer Andreas , Šumpich Jan , Wieser Christian , Wiesmair Benjamin , Hebert Paul D. N.
Published: March 2020

For the first time, a nearly complete barcode library for European Gelechiidae is provided. DNA barcode sequences (COI gene – cytochromecoxidase 1) from 751 out of 865 nominal species, belonging to 105 genera, were successfully recovered. A total of 741 species represented by specimens with sequences ≥ 500bp and an additional ten species represented by specimens with shorter sequences were used to produce 53 NJ trees. Intraspecific barcode divergence averaged only 0.54% whereas distance to the Nearest-Neighbour species averaged 5.58%. Of these, 710 species possessed unique DNA barcodes, but 31 species could not be reliably discriminated because of barcode sharing or partial barcode overlap. Species discrimination based on the Barcode Index System (BIN) was successful for 668 out of 723 species which clustered from minimum one to maximum 22 unique BINs. Fifty-five species shared a BIN with up to four species and identification from DNA barcode data is uncertain. Finally, 65 clusters with a unique BIN remained unidentified to species level. These putative taxa, as well as 114 nominal species with more than one BIN, suggest the presence of considerable cryptic diversity, cases which should be examined in future revisionary studies.
An overview of the sexual dimorphism in Echiniscus (Heterotardigrada, Echiniscoidea), with the description of Echiniscus masculinus sp. nov. (the virginicus complex) from Borneo
Authors: Gąsiorek Piotr , Vončina Katarzyna , Michalczyk Łukasz
Published: March 2020

Members of the genus Echiniscus C.A.S. Schultze, 1840 are mostly unisexual, with thelytokously reproducing females. Therefore, every newly described dioecious species in the genus is particularly interesting. Here, we describe Echiniscus masculinussp. nov. from Gunung Kinabalu, the highest peak of Borneo and the entire Southeast Asia. The new species belongs in the predominantly parthenogenetic E. virginicus complex, and its females are confusingly similar to females of the pantropical E. lineatus Pilato et al., 2008, another member of this group. However, genetic evidence and noticeable sexual dimorphism clearly delineate the new species. Males of E. masculinussp. nov. are unlike females in the body proportions, cuticular sculpturing, and appendage configuration. The new discoveries provide a justification to review the current knowledge about evolution and forms of sexual dimorphism within Echiniscus.
L’influence du lieu dans l’acquisition de compétences entrepreneuriales : le cas du séminaire BEST
Authors: Lecorche Vincent , Burger-Helmchen Thierry
Published: March 2020

Bien que l’acquisition de compétences entrepreneuriales soit au cœur de la stratégie économique actuelle, il n’existe ni méthodologie de référence, ni de processus systématique pour transformer des individus en entrepreneurs. L’objectif de cet article est d’apprécier l’influence du lieu sur l’acquisition des compétences entrepreneuriales, et plus particulièrement celles de l’esprit d’entreprendre. Nous avons choisi d’étudier un cas distinctif, qui place le lieu et son contexte au centre de son dispositif d’apprentissage : l’université de Strasbourg organise ainsi chaque année, en collaboration avec l’université Petru Maior de Târgu Mureș en Roumanie, un séminaire intitulé « Boost your Entrepreneurial Skills in Transylvania » (BEST), destiné à des étudiants français, roumains et moldaves. À travers un recueil détaillé des données quantitatives et qualitatives propres à ce séminaire, nous montrons que le lieu et son contexte ont une influence directe sur la perception et l’acquisition par les étudiants des compétences entrepreneuriales.
Revolución y Constitución en España: miradas desde la prensa en Buenos Aires y Venezuela, 1820-1821
Authors: Rodríguez Tapia Andrea
Published: March 2020

La presse hispano-américaine, aussi bien celle publiée dans les territoires qui restaient fidèles à Ferdinand VII que celle des groupes partisans de l’indépendance, rendit compte de l’insurrection commencée le 1er janvier 1820 par Rafael de Riego et de la nouvelle étape constitutionnelle dans la Péninsule. Cet article analyse et compare les nouvelles d’Espagne diffusées par plusieurs publications de Buenos Aires et du Venezuela, la Gaceta de Buenos Aires, la Gaceta de Caracas, l’Argos de Buenos Aires, et le Correo del Orinoco, afin d’observer quels furent les jugements portés sur l’Espagne, en matière de politique et de constitutionalisme, dans ces journaux entre 1820 et 1821.
Statistical Methods in Ecological Processes
Authors: Hajiyev Asaf
Published: March 2020

The ecological processes have complicated structure. The equations, describing their behavior, also have a complicated structure; hence, to solve them faces with some difficulties. One of the effective ways is to collect data and make statistical data analysis of these data and afterward to make corresponding decisions. As ecological processes depend on a lot of parameters, and moreover, the number of these parameters can increase in time. In the chapter, the conception of regression models with increasing number of unknown parameters is introduced. In the frame of regression models with increasing number of unknown parameters, the approach for estimating of the main parameters of the ecological processes is suggested. Using estimates of unknown parameters, the approach allows to construct a confidence band for unknown functions in these models. Numerical examples demonstrating these results are given.
Synthesis and Characterisation of Nano-Biosorbents and Their Applications for Waste Water Treatment
Authors: Yadav Virendra Kumar , Choudhary Nisha , Khan Samreen Heena , Malik Parth , Inwati Gajendra Kumar , Suriyaprabha R. , Ravi Raman Kumar
Published: March 2020

Nanotechnology is one of the most reliable techniques for the remediation of heavy metals. As nanoparticles have a higher surface area to volume, ratio, and high surface energies, so nano-based absorbents are very efficient. Adsorption technique is the most preferred for the remediation of wastewater pollutants. In the current study, a comparative study was done between bio sorbents, nanosorbents and bio nanosorbents. The chapter studies with the synthesis and characterization of the bio sorbents, bionanosorbents, their mechanism of sorption, their synthesis, in addition, application for the remediation of heavy metals from wastewater. The fly ash is an industrial byproduct. Biosorbents have immense applications in the field of bioremediation of heavy metals. Further, their components have also enhanced removal efficiency from the wastewater.
Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Buszewski Boguslaw , Plugaru Viorica Railean , Pomastowski Pawel , Sidorenco Anatoli
Published: March 2020

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as a material with attractive properties, has received interest worldwide by the implementation of synthesis particles at nano-size. AgNPs has triggered intense research on the production of nanoparticles using different synthesis methods due actual and future application. The increasing attention of AgNPs resulted in the growth and development of nanoparticles synthesis methods. Recently, various approaches, including chemical and biological, have been used for them preparation. In order to obtain information about size, shape, or optical properties of nanoparticles, a broad range of analytical methods—microscopy, spectroscopy, and spectrometry techniques—have been used. AgNPs exhibit attractive antimicrobial properties against bacteria (Gram-positive and Gram-negative), fungi, and show also selective toxicity toward normal and cancerous cells. This chapter reviewed the methods of AgNPs synthesis, their characteristics, antimicrobial activity, and cytotoxicity against normal and tumor cells.
Recovery of Natural Nanostructured Minerals
Authors: Choudhary Nisha , Yadav Virendra Kumar , Malik Parth , Khan Samreen Heena , Inwati Gajendra Kumar , R. Suriyaprabha , Singh Bijendra , Yadav A. K. , Ravi Raman Kumar
Published: March 2020

Nanotechnology is playing an important role in every field of science, medicine, electronics, catalysis, and environmental cleanup. Due to the high demand of nanoparticles, it is synthesized at commercial level by chemical and physical methods, which are expensive and energy intensive. The recovery of natural nanoparticles from the waste materials makes the process cost-effective and simultaneously reduces pollution. Fly ash or coal fly ash (CFA), a by-product of thermal power plants in-houses numerous natural nanoparticles like ferrospheres, plerospheres, cenospheres, and carbon nanoparticles, which finds applications in ceramics, wastewater treatment, lightweight materials, fillers, and composite manufacturing. Every year a million tons of fly ash are produced around the globe. In the chapter, all these fly ash natural nanoparticles have been discussed in detail including their properties, applications, and possible future applications.
Ethnobotanical Wealth of Home Gardens
Authors: Chetri Bimal K. , Rinchen Namgay , Wangchuck Karma
Published: March 2020

The use of ethnomedicinal plants of home gardens has played an important role in treating minor illnesses related to physical and psychological wellbeing among rural folks. Local healers often use plants from their home garden or nearby forest. In this chapter, the traditional uses of medicinal plants using various tools with sample data have been used to facilitate ethnobotanical research on home gardens. Samples measuring the relative importance of species through quantitative analysis are tabulated. These tools, if applied during in-situ data collection, would help generate reliable information on characteristics of home gardens and medicinal plants. Conservation of medicinal plants from the perspective of home gardening is important. To document how medicinal plants are used to treat different diseases, their use value and ethical considerations would be significant for bioprospecting of medicinal plants and protecting intellectual right of the associated traditional knowledge.
Ethnobotanical, Phytochemical, and Pharmacological Aspects of Hemidesmus indicus
Authors: Rajput Minakshi , Navneet  , Akash
Published: March 2020

Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. is commonly known as Indian Sarsaparilla or Anantmula. Traditionally, it has been utilised as a vital herb for the treatment of several disorders. Indian Sarsaparilla is rich in a wide range of phytoconstituents such as pregnane glycosides, steroids, terpenoids, aromatic aldehydes, lignans, saponins, flavonoids and aliphatic acids which may further contribute to its pharmacological properties. This chapter gathers and compiles the traditional ethnobotanical and ayurvedic aspects of H. indicus and recently updated knowledge regarding the pharmacology, phytochemistry, adulteration, and current trends of this medicinally important herb in the field of modern phytomedicine. It also presents the ayurvedic pharmacology of this herb and summarizes the biomedical researches in as much as it helps glean a better understanding of H. indicus safety and effectiveness in humans, and describes the various natural products and polyherbal medicines containing H. indicus.
The Chemical Constituents, Anti-Inflammatory, Anti-Oxidant, and Ethnomedicinal Properties of Aloe barbadensis
Authors: Adom Dickson , Sekyere Paul Appiah , Krishnappa Mohan Kumar
Published: March 2020

Aloe vera is a perennial, drought-resisting, succulent plant belonging to the Asphodelaceae family that has a long history of having many tremendous medicinal and anti-inflammatory as well as anti-bacterial properties. This chapter highlights the great potentials of the aloe vera species. Desk study and document analysis guided the systematic and extensive review of both published and unpublished resources on the Aloe vera Species. The chapter contends that horticulturists and plant scientists in the field of agriculture and medicine must pay attention to the Aloe vera as a medicinal plant that possesses the most powerful antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, which protects the body against constipation through enhancing the body metabolism, skin, and worm infestations.
Ethnobotanical Uses of Medicinal Plants for the Treatment of Herniated Disc in Turkish Traditional Medicine
Authors: Bozyel Mustafa Eray , Merdamert Bozyel Elif , Canli Kerem
Published: March 2020

Humans have known the therapeutic properties and plant origin poisons of many plant species since ancient times. Ancient people who had no real and scientific knowledge on diseases and treatments tried to find solutions to these problems by the opportunities they had and the theories they could produce. Plants are the most important source of traditional folk medicine. People around the world have benefited from plants grown in their environment for this purpose. In these drugs, whole plant or various plant organs or secondary substances were used. Over the years, several therapies have emerged to treat herniated disc, ranging from conservative treatment to minimally invasive and percutaneous techniques to open surgical methods. This chapter examines the recent studies to form a compilation on ethnobotanical uses of medicinal plants for the treatment of herniated disc and their local names, parts, and usage forms in Turkish traditional medicine.
Turkish Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Back Pain
Authors: Bozyel Mustafa Eray , Merdamert Bozyel Elif , Canli Kerem
Published: March 2020

The number of plants used for treatments has been steadily increasing since ancient times. There were around 250 herbal drugs used during the Mesopotamian civilization. During the time of the Greeks, 60 medicinal plants were known. During the Arab-Persian civilization, this number increased to about 4,000. At the beginning of the 19th century, the number of known medicinal plants reached 13,000. These herbal drugs are used to treat many diseases, from diabetes to cancer. Back pain and related symptoms rank as the second most common affliction of humankind. One of the proposed methods to control and treat back pain symptoms is traditional folk medicine. This chapter examines the recent ethnobotanical studies to form a compilation on medicinal plants used as Turkish herbal medicine in the treatment of back pain and their local names, parts, and usage forms.
Education in Higher Education
Authors: Silva Ana Valéria Barbosa
Published: March 2020

The chapter title proposes a reflection: is establishing proposed innovations in the teaching and learning environment the same as innovating this teaching and learning? The term innovation has long been studied, but its recurrence has increased in the 1990s and has become even more intense in the 21st century. But what is innovation? Closely related to the business environment, innovating also applies to one of the longer-lived organizations in human life: the school. Now that society is in the fourth industrial revolution, where is the school? In some cases, it is in the search for the connection with the present times, but in others, it is still in the molds of past centuries. The author proposes reflecting on pedagogical innovation, new methodologies, connection to the world context of the 21st century, and insertion of technology.
Profile, Motivations, and Experiences From Portuguese Solo Female Travelers
Authors: Breda Zelia , Santos Adriana , Kliček Tamara , Dinis Gorete
Published: March 2020

The segment of independent travelers has experienced big growth in recent years, not only worldwide but also in Portugal. This phenomenon, which is not recent, has been gaining momentum in recent times, with women playing an important role. This chapter explores the literature on solo female travel, seeking to understand the motivations, as well as the difficulties encountered during the journey. To this end, a qualitative approach was used, with semi-structured interviews being conducted to 24 Portuguese women. The content analysis of the interviews was done with the assistance of the WebQDA software. Results show that most women traveling alone are young, single, and childless, identifying themselves mostly as adventurous, outgoing, and independent. The lack of travel companion, the freedom of choice, the experience and adventure, and the escape from the daily routine are highlighted as motivations to travel alone. The main difficulties identified are loneliness, harassment, fear of walking alone at night or being robbed.
Finance in the Hospitality and Tourism Sector
Authors: Adesanmi Adenike A.
Published: March 2020

This chapter is set to shed light on how the hospitality and tourism sector is to shape their assets and liquidity to either begin a new venture or expand an existing one. The first part of the chapter will give an elaborate discussion about raising financial capital in the hospitality and tourism sector. This will strengthen the points that are made under capital structure formation. Financial knowledge of budgeting is an area that deserves its place in these sectors; this is the third major highlight of the chapter. The issue of understanding financial statements, especially its use in making predictions through ratio analysis, require a thorough explanation. This is therefore the next point. The limitations and usefulness of ratio analysis will be touched upon. Finally, in this chapter, determining demand in the hospitality and tourism sector is a contemporary issue, and the review of this will give a better viewpoint.
Intelligent User Profiling Based on Sensors and Location Data to Detect Intrusions on Mobile Devices
Authors: Sánchez Sánchez Pedro Miguel , Jorquera Valero José María , Huertas Celdran Alberto , Martínez Pérez Gregorio
Published: March 2020

Continuous authentication systems are considered as a promising solution to secure access to mobile devices. Their main benefit is the improvement of the users' experience when they use the services or applications of their mobile device. Specifically, continuous authentication avoids having to remember or possess any key to access an application or service that requires authentication. In this sense, having the user authenticated permanently increases the security of the device. It also allows the user interaction with applications to be much more fluid, simple, and satisfactory. This chapter proposes a new continuous authentication system for mobile devices. The system acquires data from the device sensors and the GPS location to create a dataset that represents the user's profile or normal behaviour. Then, the proposed system uses Machine Learning algorithms based on anomaly detection to perform user identification in real time. Several experiments have been carried out to demonstrate the performance and usefulness of the proposed solution.
Machine Learning Techniques for Intrusion Detection
Authors: Ahmad Tameem , Anwar Mohd Asad , Haque Misbahul
Published: March 2020

This chapter proposes a hybrid classifier technique for network Intrusion Detection System by implementing a method that combines Random Forest classification technique with K-Means and Gaussian Mixture clustering algorithms. Random-forest will build patterns of intrusion over a training data in misuse-detection, while anomaly-detection intrusions will be identiðed by the outlier-detection mechanism. The implementation and simulation of the proposed method for various metrics are carried out under varying threshold values. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been carried out for metrics such as precision, recall, accuracy rate, false alarm rate, and detection rate. The various existing algorithms are analyzed extensively. It is observed experimentally that the proposed method gives superior results compared to the existing simpler classifiers as well as existing hybrid classifier techniques. The proposed hybrid classifier technique outperforms other common existing classifiers with an accuracy of 99.84%, false alarm rate as 0.09% and the detection rate as 99.7%.
The Fundamentals of Digital Forensics and Cyber Law
Authors: Bhatele Kirti Raj Raj , Mishra Deepak Dutt , Bhatt Himanshu , Das Karishma
Published: March 2020

This chapter provides prerequisites associated with cyber crimes, cyber forensics, and law enforcement. It consists of a brief introduction to the definition of cyber crimes, its classification, challenges associated with it and how it evolved with time, impact on the society, cyber terrorism, and the extent of problem scalability along with focusing on law enforcement aspects associated with the tracking and the prevention from such type crimes. The aspects discussed here include various cyber laws and law enforcement techniques introduced by various countries throughout the world which helps them to fight against cyber crimes. The cyber laws discussed include Australian, Canadian, United States, United Kingdom, and Indian law. This chapter also deals with the digital/cyber forensics, what does digital/cyber forensics mean, its types, and laws/rules revolving around them, like how to collect evidence, jurisdictions, and e-discovery.
Modelling Cyber-Crime Protection Behaviour among Computer Users in the Context of Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Imran , Ramayah T. , Nayeem Md. Mahedi Hasan , Islam S. M. Muzahidul , Gan Pei Leng
Published: March 2020

This study examined the impact of security champion and security training on protection behaviour in the context of IT service oriented SMEs in Bangladesh. Drawing upon protection motivation theory, this study examined the influence of security training on threat appraisal and influence of security training on coping appraisal which leads to protection behaviour via protection motivation. Data was collected from six different IT service oriented organizations with a sample size of 147 by survey questionnaire. Data was analysed using partial least squares (PLS) technique and result shows that perceived value of data, security training and threat appraisal are strong predictors of threat appraisal, protection motivation and protection behaviour. Theoretical contribution and practical implications of this research are also discussed.
An Economical Methodology to Rhetorical Identifications in Cloud Victimization Virtual Machine Snapshots
Authors: Bhargava Neeraj , Palvadi Srinivas Kumar , Kumar Abhishek , Rathore Pramod Singh
Published: March 2020

Distributed computing is a rising innovation that is in effect generally embraced all through the world because of its usability. Associations of various types can utilize it without pre-requirements, for example, IT infra-structure, specialized abilities, administrative over-burden, stockpiling limit, preparing force, and information recuperation or protection setup. It can be profited by all customers according to their requirements, desires and spending plan. In any case, distributed computing present's new sorts of security vulnerabilities that should be promotion dressed. Customary “PC forensics” manages location, acquisition and counteractive action of IT activated fakes and violations, however, it does not have the capacity to manage cybercrimes relating to distributed computing condition. In this article, the authors concentrate on legal sciences issues in distributed computing, survey restrictions of criminological group and present the hindrances looked amid evaluation. As the basis of the cloud computing and the implementation in the cloud environment is a great task to protect the user information without causing any security issue and the consistency in the data must be provided by the service provider. Distributed systems or the operations in the distributed environment will increase the usability of the resources as well as the capability of the data transmission and provide the information required in an effective manner without interrupting the security issues. But even though the clients from the different parts of the globe are focusing on the gaps in security in the Cloud computing and distributed environment. Here we are focusing on the business model that will increase the revenue of the firms which are concentrating on implementing the cloud computing and the distributed environment in their respective areas. Forensics in the customer management in the distributed environment will give the complete picture on the digital marketing, standards of data distribution and the security. In this article we focus on the security implementation and the raise of utilization of the distributed environments and the cloud data storage capabilities. This will more focus on the data security.
A Reliable Data Provenance and Privacy Preservation Architecture for Business-Driven Cyber-Physical Systems Using Blockchain
Authors: Liang Xueping , Shetty Sachin , Tosh Deepak K. , Zhao Juan , Li Danyi , Liu Jihong
Published: March 2020

Cyber-physical systems (CPS) including power systems, transportation, industrial control systems, etc. support both advanced control and communications among system components. Frequent data operations could introduce random failures and malicious attacks or even bring down the whole system. The dependency on a central authority increases the risk of single point of failure. To establish an immutable data provenance scheme for CPS, the authors adopt blockchain and propose a decentralized architecture to assure data integrity. In business-driven CPS, end users are required to share their personal information with multiple third parties. To prevent data leakage and preserve user privacy, the authors isolate and feed different information retrieval requests using tokens specifically generated for each type of request. Providing both traceability of data operations, and unlinkability of end user activities, a robust blockchain-based CPS is prototyped. Evaluation indicates the architecture is capable of assured data provenance validation and user privacy preservation at a low overhead.