bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal sizing design of the hydrogen-based system for the stand-alone island
Authors: Li Miao , Huo Ran , Ming Pingwen
Published: August 2023

The main barriers to using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) to generate electricity are intermittency with low penetration in the electricity network and high seasonal demand fluctuation. An optimum hydrogen-based system configuration is designed for absorbing the maximization of RES curtailments using water electrolysis to produce and store hydrogen. This paper also developed a simulation model to optimize the proper size of electrolyzers and other parameters of the whole system. In order to validate the model, a hybrid electricity network for relatively stand-alone islands, located in eastern coastal China, has been used as a case study. Our analysis showed that the sizing of the required electrolyzer was determined by the operational temperature, the cell U-I curves, and the input of usable RES curtailments. For the application, a large amount of available hydrogen could be produced from the RES curtailments with an average conversion efficiency higher than 75.4%. And almost half of the rejected RES energy (54.7%) was returned to the electrical network through fuel cell stacks during high demand periods.
Impedance spectroscopy – comparison of dielectric model with experimental results
Authors: Kusak I , Lunak M , Mizerova C , Rovnanik P
Published: August 2023

Impedance measurements of building materials have been gaining popularity especially in the last twenty years. No electrical component has only resistance, capacitance or inductance, as there is an interplay of these parameters. This is compounded in the case of building materials, which contain a significant number of different phases that vary in chemical composition, crystalline structure and properties. It is, therefore, necessary to choose a connection and measurement system that provides the most accurate information about the building material. This information is primarily meant to include the complex impedance, its components and the quantities derived from them. The derived quantities are electrical resistance or electrical capacitance. Using these quantities we can point out the composition of the material, its conductivity and identify the percolation threshold or describe its sensory properties in more detail. For measurements, an alternating electric field is crucial, and the range of frequencies depends on the instruments used. For materials characterization, the most used frequency range is 100 Hz to 100 kHz; however, we can measure down to 1 MHz.
Ultra-high performance fiber concrete for architectural purposes
Authors: Bibora P , Leber P
Published: August 2023

The aim of the research works is the development of ultra-high-performance fiber concrete (UHPFRC) for architectual purposes, such as facade panels and their accessories. Research is aimed at achieving high utility properties in the form of high flexural tensile strength, low absorption and very good durability of the developed UHPFRC. The research is also focused on the development of the production technology itself, by pouring and spraying fresh UHPFRC mixtures into molds. The development of cast UHPFRC is also focused on the design and optimization of the production technology, which will enable an automatic production process and reduce costs for the production of flat facade panels. The development of sprayed UHPFRC will make it possible to produce 3D elements with higher utility properties compared to currently produced products from ordinary fiberglass concrete (GFRC).
Research progress of implantation materials and its biological evaluation
Authors: Wang Han , Meng Zhu , Zhao Chen-Yu , Xiao Yong-Hao , Zeng Hang , Lian Huan , Guan Rui-Qin , Liu Yu , Feng Zeng-Guo , Han Qian-Qian
Published: August 2023

With the development of modern material science, life science and medical science, implantation materials are widely employed in clinical fields. In recent years, these materials have also evolved from inert supports or functional substitutes to bioactive materials able to trigger or promote the regenerative potential of tissues. Reasonable biological evaluation of implantation materials is the premise to make sure their safe application in clinical practice. With the continual development of implantation materials and the emergence of new implantation materials, new challenges to biological evaluation have been presented. In this paper, the research progress of implantation materials, the progress of biological evaluation methods, and also the characteristics of biocompatibility evaluation for novel implantation materials, like animal-derived implantation materials, nerve contact implantation materials, nanomaterials and tissue-engineered medical products were reviewed in order to provide references for the rational biological evaluation of implantable materials.
Climate change greatly escalates forest disturbance risks to US property values
Authors: Anderegg William R L , Collins Timothy , Grineski Sara , Nicholls Sarah , Nolte Christoph
Published: August 2023

Anthropogenic climate change is projected to drive increases in climate extremes and climate-sensitive ecosystem disturbances such as wildfire with enormous economic impacts. Understanding spatial and temporal patterns of risk to property values from climate-sensitive disturbances at national and regional scales and from multiple disturbances is urgently needed to inform risk management and policy efforts. Here, we combine models for three major climate-sensitive disturbances (i.e., wildfire, climate stress-driven tree mortality, and insect-driven tree mortality), future climate projections of these disturbances, and high-resolution property values data to quantify the spatiotemporal exposure of property values to disturbance across the contiguous United States (US). We find that property values exposed to these climate-sensitive disturbances increase sharply in future climate scenarios, particularly in existing high-risk regions of the western US, and that novel exposure risks emerge in some currently lower-risk regions such as the southeast and Great Lakes regions. Climate policy that drives emissions towards low-to-moderate climate futures avoids large increases in disturbance risk exposure compared to high emissions scenarios. Our results provide an important large-scale assessment of climate-sensitive disturbance risk to property values to help inform land management and climate adaptation efforts.
Flat-band ferromagnetism in the SU(N) Hubbard and Kondo lattice models
Authors: Tamura Kensuke , Katsura Hosho
Published: August 2023

We develop a general theory of flat-band ferromagnetism in the SU(N) Fermi–Hubbard model, which describes the behavior of N-component fermions with SU(N) symmetric interactions. We focus on the case where the single-particle spectrum has a flat band at the bottom and establish a necessary and sufficient condition for the SU(N) Hubbard model to exhibit ferromagnetism when the number of particles is the same as the degeneracy. We show that the occurrence of ferromagnetism is equivalent to the irreducibility of the projection matrix onto the space of single-particle ground states. We also demonstrate that this result can be exploited to establish a rigorous result for the ferromagnetic SU(N) Kondo lattice model with a flat band. Specifically, we prove that when the SU(N) Hubbard model is ferromagnetic, the ferromagnetic SU(N) Kondo lattice model with the same hopping matrix also exhibits SU(N) ferromagnetism.
Optimization of the calcination and two-step sintering temperatures of (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 ceramics
Authors: Vuong Le Dai , Lich Nguyen Quang , Cuong Ngo Xuan , Nha Vo Quang , Nhat Nguyen Dang , Hieu Le Dinh , Son Lai Phươc , Linh Huynh Thi Thuy , Chuc Nguyen Huu , Tuyen Tran Nguyen An , Dat Trinh Ngoc , Wei Pai-Chun
Published: August 2023

Lead-free (K0.48Na0.48Li0.04)(Nb0.95Sb0.05)O3 (KNLNS) ceramics have been successfully optimized for the calcination and two-step sintering temperatures. The experimental results reveal that the KNLNS powder calcined at 850 or 900 °C presented a pure perovskite phase with an orthorhombic phase. The particle size was in the range of 0.1–0.4 μm. The two-step sintering temperature (range: 950 to 1100 °C) significantly affects the structure, microstructure, and electrical properties of KNLNS ceramics. The presence of a pure perovskite phase with good crystallization is observed in all samples. The microstructure was researched by varying the two-step sintering temperature to obtain a dense microstructure and a clear grain boundary in order to optimize their piezoelectric properties. The best electrical properties of KNLNS ceramics were recorded at the optimized temperature of 1050 °C (density (ρ): 4,35 g cm−3; electromechanical coupling factor (k

p
): 0.33, k
t: 0.35; dielectric constant (ε

r
): 849; dielectric loss (tanδ): 0.073; maximum dielectric constant (ε
max at T
C): 6659; piezoelectric constant (d
33): 195 pC N−1; remanent polarization (P

r
): 16.1 μC cm−2; energy storage density (W
rec): 0.36 J cm−3; energy storage efficiency (η): 48.1%; t
2 = 4 h), proving the efficacy of the two-step sintering technique.
Investigation of methods to quantify silver screen-printed onto cellulosic substrate: towards recycling of printed electronics
Authors: Conceição João H F , Party M , Curtil D , Švecová L , Marlin N , Reverdy-Bruas N
Published: August 2023

The continued progress in electronics technology has led to unsustainable consumption of plastic-based products containing, in their majority, natural finite metallic resources. The substitution of these plastic materials by more sustainable ones, such as cellulosic substrates, is one of many measures applied by the industry to reduce their environmental impact. In this work, due to the lack of information in the literature, a fast and accurate method to measure the amount of metal deposited onto a paper-based substrate is proposed. The development of this method will contribute to the creation of a procedure for determining the quantity of metal present in end-of-life printed electronics. The present work investigates and compares four different methodologies. Image processing and geometrical analyses presented overestimated and non-precise results for printed Ag. A third method based on gravimetric measurements presented to be more accurate compared with the previous methods. The last method based on acid leaching of the printed electronic ashes outcome to be the more precise, reliable and simpler method, and overcomes challenges associated to the printed pattern geometry and the materials used during its production. These results will provide key information for the development of a quantitative methodology to determine the percentage of Ag used in paper-based electronics that can be adapted easily by the industry. Furthermore, this method is a prerequisite for recycling processes devoted to this type of electronics after reaching their end-of-life, considering Ag as one of the major components to be separated and, further, valorized.
In-situ graphene oxide reduction via inkjet printing using natural reducing inks
Authors: Khan Junaid , Mariatti M
Published: August 2023

The development of eco-friendly alkali lignin-assisted water-based stable graphene oxide (GO) ink presents an innovative approach with the potential to revolutionize the manufacturing of printed and flexible electronics through scalable inkjet printing. However, GO lacks conductivity, necessitating an additional reduction step to restore its electrical properties. Traditional reduction methods using toxic agents or high temperatures are not suitable for large-scale manufacturing due to environmental hazards. In-situ reduction techniques using natural substances offer a promising, cost-effective, and continuous solution for precise reduction of GO-printed patterns via inkjet printing. However, limited research has been conducted on natural-based inkjet printable reducing inks. In this work, in-situ inkjet printable natural reducing inks were produced and printed on top of GO-printed patterns to carry out the reduction process. The reduced printed patterns were investigated for structural, functional groups, morphology, and electrical resistance. The ascorbic acid reduced sample showed an increase in the I
D/I
G ratio from 1.058 to 1.15, and the interlayer distance decreased from 0.395 to 0.385 nm. The atomic force microscope surface analysis showed a significant increase in the mean roughness by three times for the ascorbic acid-reduced sample, indicating success in the reduction process. The ascorbic acid reduced patterns also showed an electrical conductivity of 1250 S m−1 compared to 0.43 S m−1 for unreduced GO printed patterns, indicating restoration of the sp2 hybridised conductive networks.
Response of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae) adults to small temperature (0–6 °C) and moisture (1%) differences in wheat
Authors: Anukiruthika T , Jayas Digvir S , Jian Fuji
Published: August 2023

Insects respond to temperature and moisture and their differences or gradients in grain bulks, but how small these differences can be is unknown. Response of Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) adults to 0–6 °C temperature differences in 1 m wheat (12.5% moisture content, w.b.) columns was determined in 24 h. Similarly, the moisture response of the adults was determined in 1 m grain columns with a 1 percentage point difference in the wheat moisture content (12.5 and 13.5%) at 25 °C in 24 h. Adults were highly temperature and moisture sensitive and were able to respond to the lowest temperature difference of 1 °C and moisture difference of 1 percentage point within the wheat column. The temperature preference of the adults was confirmed with the recovery of about 78% of insects from the middle warmer sections of wheat at 25 or 30 °C when there was no temperature difference at other sections of the wheat columns. Irrespective of the temperature differences, on average of about 29% of adults moved towards the warmer end with the highest recovery of 47.3% observed at the temperature difference of 6 °C. The adult recovery from high-moisture locations decreased with an increase in distance away from the point of insect introduction (0.05–0.45 m). About 14% of adults moved to the furthest location of high-moisture ends (13.5% moisture content wheat) at 0.45 m. This study provided valuable insights for the development of mathematical models to predict 3D insect movement and distribution in storage grain bins.
Wellness Wheel Clinics: A First Nation community-partnered care model improving healthcare access, from healthcare providers’ perspectives
Authors: Pandey Mamata , Clark Megan , Beresh Erin , Nilson Solveig , Kay Cynthia , Campbell Trisha , Nicolay Susanne , Skinner Stuart
Published: August 2023

First Nation people residing in rural and remote communities have limited primary healthcare access, which often affects chronic disease management leading to poor health outcomes. Individuals with lived experiences of chronic disease and substance use, along with health directors, advocated for improved services. Subsequently, an urban healthcare team in partnership with four First Nation communities developed an Outreach clinic to address healthcare access barriers. Established in 2016, this community-led clinic improves primary care access and chronic disease management in First Nation communities. Employing a qualitative research design, interviews were conducted with 15 clinic providers and 9 community members to explore the clinic’s 1-year post-implementation impacts. Thematic data analysis indicated that engagement and approval by community leadership, support from Elders and community members and collaboration with existing community healthcare staff were crucial for establishing the Outreach clinic. Initial logistical challenges with space allocation, equipment, medical supplies, funding, staffing, medical records and appointment scheduling were resolved through community consultation and creative solutions. A nurse coordinator ensured continuity of care and was integral to ensuring clients receive seamless care. The commitment of the outreach team and the collective goal of providing client-centered care were instrumental in the clinic’s success. In partnership with communities, access to healthcare in First Nation communities can be enhanced by coordinating Outreach clinics through existing community healthcare facilities.
Molecular regulation of apple and grape ripening: exploring common and distinct transcriptional aspects of representative climacteric and non-climacteric fruits
Authors: Zenoni Sara , Savoi Stefania , Busatto Nicola , Tornielli Giovanni Battista , Costa Fabrizio
Published: August 2023

Fleshy fruits of angiosperms are organs specialized for promoting seed dispersal by attracting herbivores and enticing them to consume the organ and the seeds it contains. Ripening can be broadly defined as the processes serving as a plant strategy to make the fleshy fruit appealing to animals, consisting of a coordinated series of changes in color, texture, aroma, and flavor that result from an intricate interplay of genetically and epigenetically programmed events. The ripening of fruits can be categorized into two types: climacteric, which is characterized by a rapid increase in respiration rate typically accompanied by a burst of ethylene production, and non-climacteric, in which this pronounced peak in respiration is absent. Here we review current knowledge of transcriptomic changes taking place in apple (Malus × domestica, climacteric) and grapevine (Vitis vinifera, non-climacteric) fruit during ripening, with the aim of highlighting specific and common hormonal and molecular events governing the process in the two species. With this perspective, we found that specific NAC transcription factor members participate in ripening initiation in grape and are involved in restoring normal physiological ripening progression in impaired fruit ripening in apple. These elements suggest the existence of a common regulatory mechanism operated by NAC transcription factors and auxin in the two species.
Resonant dynamical friction around a supermassive black hole: analytical description
Authors: Ginat Yonadav Barry , Panamarev Taras , Kocsis Bence , Perets Hagai B
Published: August 2023

We derive an analytical model for the so-called phenomenon of resonant dynamical friction, where a disc of stars around a supermassive black hole interacts with a massive perturber, so as to align its inclination with the disc’s orientation. We show that it stems from a singular behaviour of the orbit-averaged equations of motion, which leads to a rapid alignment of the argument of the ascending node Ω of each of the disc stars, with that of the perturber, Ωp, with a phase difference of 90°. This phenomenon occurs for all stars whose maximum possible $\dot{\Omega }$ (maximized over all values of Ω for all the disc stars) is greater than $\dot{\Omega }_{\rm p}$; this corresponds approximately to all stars whose semi-major axes are less than twice that of the perturber. The rate at which the perturber’s inclination decreases with time is proportional to its mass and is shown to be much faster than Chandrasekhar’s dynamical friction. We find that the total alignment time is inversely proportional to the root of the perturber’s mass. This persists until the perturber enters the disc. The predictions of this model agree with a suite of numerical N-body simulations, which we perform to explore this phenomenon, for a wide range of initial conditions, masses, etc., and are an instance of a general phenomenon. Similar effects could occur in the context of planetary systems, too.
Exploring source region of 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves observed in coronal fan loops rooted in sunspot umbra
Authors: Rawat Ananya , Gupta Girjesh R
Published: August 2023

Sunspots host various oscillations and wave phenomena like umbral flashes, umbral oscillations, running penumbral waves, and coronal waves. All fan loops rooted in sunspot umbra constantly show a 3-min period propagating slow magnetoacoustic waves in the corona. However, their origin in the lower atmosphere is still unclear. In this work, we studied these oscillations in detail along a clean fan loop system rooted in active region AR 12553 for a duration of 4 h on 2016 June 16 observed by Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph and Solar Dynamics Observatory. We traced foot-points of several fan loops by identifying their locations at different atmospheric heights from the corona to the photosphere. We found presence of 3-min oscillations at foot-points of all the loops and at all atmospheric heights. We further traced origin of these waves by utilizing their amplitude modulation characteristics while propagating in the solar atmosphere. We found several amplitude modulation periods in the range of 9–14, 20–24, and 30–40 min of these 3-min waves at all heights. Based on our findings, we interpret that 3-min slow magnetoacoustic waves propagating in coronal fan loops are driven by 3-min oscillations observed at the photospheric foot-points of these fan loops in the umbral region. We also explored any connection between 3- and 5-min oscillations observed at the photospheric foot-points of these loops and found them to be weakly coupled. Results provide clear evidence of magnetic coupling of the solar atmosphere through propagation of 3-min waves along fan loops at different atmospheric heights.
nautilus: boosting Bayesian importance nested sampling with deep learning
Authors: Lange Johannes U
Published: August 2023

We introduce a novel approach to boost the efficiency of the importance nested sampling (INS) technique for Bayesian posterior and evidence estimation using deep learning. Unlike rejection-based sampling methods such as vanilla nested sampling (NS) or Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithms, importance sampling techniques can use all likelihood evaluations for posterior and evidence estimation. However, for efficient importance sampling, one needs proposal distributions that closely mimic the posterior distributions. We show how to combine INS with deep learning via neural network regression to accomplish this task. We also introduce nautilus, a reference open-source python implementation of this technique for Bayesian posterior and evidence estimation. We compare nautilus against popular NS and MCMC packages, including emcee, dynesty, ultranest, and pocomc, on a variety of challenging synthetic problems and real-world applications in exoplanet detection, galaxy SED fitting and cosmology. In all applications, the sampling efficiency of nautilus is substantially higher than that of all other samplers, often by more than an order of magnitude. Simultaneously, nautilus delivers highly accurate results and needs fewer likelihood evaluations than all other samplers tested. We also show that nautilus has good scaling with the dimensionality of the likelihood and is easily parallelizable to many CPUs.
TDP-1 and FUST-1 co-inhibit exon inclusion and control fertility together with transcriptional regulation
Authors: Taylor Morgan , Marx Olivia , Norris Adam
Published: August 2023

Gene expression is a multistep process and crosstalk among regulatory layers plays an important role in coordinating gene expression. To identify functionally relevant gene expression coordination, we performed a systematic reverse-genetic interaction screen in C. elegans, combining RNA binding protein (RBP) and transcription factor (TF) mutants to generate over 100 RBP;TF double mutants. We identified many unexpected double mutant phenotypes, including two strong genetic interactions between the ALS-related RBPs, fust-1 and tdp-1, and the homeodomain TF ceh-14. Losing any one of these genes alone has no effect on the health of the organism. However, fust-1;ceh-14 and tdp-1;ceh-14 double mutants both exhibit strong temperature-sensitive fertility defects. Both double mutants exhibit defects in gonad morphology, sperm function, and oocyte function. RNA-Seq analysis of double mutants identifies ceh-14 as the main controller of transcript levels, while fust-1 and tdp-1 control splicing through a shared role in exon inhibition. A skipped exon in the polyglutamine-repeat protein pqn-41 is aberrantly included in tdp-1 mutants, and genetically forcing this exon to be skipped in tdp-1;ceh-14 double mutants rescues their fertility. Together our findings identify a novel shared physiological role for fust-1 and tdp-1 in promoting C. elegans fertility and a shared molecular role in exon inhibition.
Deciphering a global source of non-genetic heterogeneity in cancer cells
Authors: Zhang Jianhan , Han Xu , Ma Liang , Xu Shuhui , Lin Yihan
Published: August 2023

Cell-to-cell variability within a clonal population, also known as non-genetic heterogeneity, has created significant challenges for intervening with diseases such as cancer. While non-genetic heterogeneity can arise from the variability in the expression of specific genes, it remains largely unclear whether and how clonal cells could be heterogeneous in the expression of the entire transcriptome. Here, we showed that gene transcriptional activity is globally modulated in individual cancer cells, leading to non-genetic heterogeneity in the global transcription rate. Such heterogeneity contributes to cell-to-cell variability in transcriptome size and displays both dynamic and static characteristics, with the global transcription rate temporally modulated in a cell-cycle-coupled manner and the time-averaged rate being distinct between cells and heritable across generations. Additional evidence indicated the role of ATP metabolism in this heterogeneity, and suggested its implication in intrinsic cancer drug tolerance. Collectively, our work shed light on the mode, mechanism, and implication of a global but often hidden source of non-genetic heterogeneity.
Outcomes of Combination Platinum-Doublet Chemotherapy and Anti-PD(L)-1 Blockade in KRASG12C-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Authors: Elkrief Arielle , Ricciuti Biagio , Alessi Joao V , Fei Teng , Kalvin Hannah L , Egger Jacklynn V , Rizvi Hira , Thummalapalli Rohit , Lamberti Giuseppe , Plodkowski Andrew , Hellmann Matthew D , Kris Mark G , Arcila Maria E , Baine Marina K , Rudin Charles M , Lito Piro , Ladanyi Marc , Schoenfeld Adam J , Riely Gregory J , Awad Mark M , Arbour Kathryn C
Published: August 2023

Background

Direct KRASG12C inhibitors are approved for patients with non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) in the second-line setting. The standard-of-care for initial treatment remains immune checkpoint inhibitors, commonly in combination with platinum-doublet chemotherapy (chemo-immunotherapy). Outcomes to chemo-immunotherapy in this subgroup have not been well described. Our goal was to define the clinical outcomes to chemo-immunotherapy in patients with NSCLC with KRASG12C mutations.

Patients and Methods

Through next-generation sequencing, we identified patients with advanced NSCLC with KRAS mutations treated with chemo-immunotherapy at 2 institutions. The primary objective was to determine outcomes and determinants of response to first-line chemo-immunotherapy among patients with KRASG12C by evaluating objective response rate (ORR), progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). We assessed the impact of coalterations in STK11/KEAP1 on outcomes. As an exploratory objective, we compared the outcomes to chemo-immunotherapy in KRASG12C versus non-G12C groups.

Results

One hundred and thirty eight patients with KRASG12C treated with first-line chemo-immunotherapy were included. ORR was 41% (95% confidence interval (CI), 32-41), median PFS was 6.8 months (95%CI, 5.5-10), and median OS was 15 months (95%CI, 11-28). In a multivariable model for PFS, older age (P = .042), squamous cell histology (P = .008), poor ECOG performance status (PS) (P < .001), and comutations in KEAP1 and STK11 (KEAP1MUT/STK11MUT) (P = .015) were associated with worse PFS. In a multivariable model for OS, poor ECOG PS (P = .004) and KEAP1MUT/STK11MUT (P = .009) were associated with worse OS. Patients with KRASG12C (N = 138) experienced similar outcomes to chemo-immunotherapy compared to patients with non-KRASG12C (N = 185) for both PFS (P = .2) and OS (P = .053).

Conclusions

We define the outcomes to first-line chemo-immunotherapy in patients with KRASG12C, which provides a real-world benchmark for clinical trial design involving patients with KRASG12C mutations. Outcomes are poor in patients with specific molecular coalterations, highlighting the need to develop more effective frontline therapies.
Deuteronomy and Scribes
Authors: Schaper Joachim L. W.
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the history of research on the functions of scribes in the production of the book of Deuteronomy and provides new observations and suggestions pertaining to a number of aspects of that field of research. In so doing, it discusses new perspectives on the correlation between epigraphic research and biblical exegesis; the theological, social, and political “message” of the scribes; the scribes as an “informational elite”; “deep correspondences” and their expression; and the ideologization of writing (i.e., the conceptualization of God as scribe—and the social reality that is reflected in this conceptualization). The scribes of Deuteronomy are seen as members of the crucial informational elite of the Judahite state, its scribal class, adjusting the traditional authoritative texts and their interpretation to the massive societal changes in the times of Josiah, the Babylonian Exile, and the early Persian period. They thus provided cultural continuity in times of political, social, and economic turmoil.
How Slumming Makes the Slum
Authors: Frenzel Fabian
Published: August 2023

This chapter interrogates the role of slumming, the corporeal or virtual visitation of slums, in the making of slum imaginaries. It focuses on the differences between slumming practices across time, and their effect on the ways slums are perceived. The chapter identifies and compares two significant periods in the history of slumming: the early and contemporary period. It argues that contemporary slumming is to some extant a globalized version of early slumming, using new transport and media technology to expand slumming from a practice largely undertaken within individual cities to a broader international scale. However, this is not just a transformation in scale: contemporary slumming also produces new imaginaries. Slums are no longer predominantly seen as places of despair, but also as places of hope.
Belarusian Underground Culture
Authors: Astrouskaya Tatsiana
Published: August 2023

The chapter dwells on the cultural landscape of Soviet Belarus, one of the national republics of the USSR, most strongly transformed by post-war industrialization and urbanization as well as cultural and national standardization. The focus lies on the late 1960s and the 1970s, the time when the first informal groups of literati and artists got together, and the alternatives to the utopian project of Soviet socialism (which was seen rather as dystopian) were formulated and realized in literature and art. One of the alternatives that are discussed in more detail is the construction of the national counter-utopia, an ideal nation-state relying on partly discovered and revised, partly imagined, and invented historical tradition.
Representation, Identity, and Ethics in Art
Authors: Taylor Paul C.
Published: August 2023

This chapter explores the way several issues in art and the ethics of social identity converge on the notion of representation. It examines four conceptions of artworld representation and argues that attending to them can inform and deepen the practices of making, enjoying, and criticizing art. The aim is not to produce a rigid architectonic of artworld representation but to provide a preliminary mapping of some forms of representation that remain both underexplored by philosophers and relatively undifferentiated in the heat of political debate. This preliminary mapping clarifies the relationship between questions of representation and questions of appropriation, inclusion, and the like. It also begins to clarify the way problems of artworld representation are bound up with political controversies related to social identities like race, gender, class, and national identity.
Authority and Communication
Authors: Cheong Pauline Hope
Published: August 2023

Contentions involving the survivability of religious authority and the uprising of new technologies are historical and recurrent. This chapter discusses the scholarship strand on paradoxes and dialectics, evinced by the dual dynamics of weakening and strengthening of religious authority amid possibilities for conflict and accommodation in our present and digital futures. In doing so, the chapter explicates key communication practices that underpin the constitution of religious authority, summarily described as strategic arbitration, invocation, and branding. Next, in light of intensified challenges in leadership performances, this chapter discusses the dialectical tensions navigated in various contexts—including autonomy-connection, display-concealment, and privilege-disadvantage—to illustrate the precarious durability of religious authority. Finally, this chapter concludes with recommendations for future research in religious authority regarding global and comparative research, intersectional analyses, mixed methods and longitudinal design, and attention to the rise of the internet of things and artificial intelligence to increase ecology validity in fieldwork.
The Tamil Response to Cosmopolitan Languages in Contact
Authors: Annamalai E. , Sriraman T.
Published: August 2023

Tamil, in its long history, has come into contact with various languages. Of them, two cosmopolitan ones (i.e. languages looked upon as models for cultural production), viz. Sanskrit in earlier times, and English more recently, have had a major impact on Tamil, leading to linguistic, literary, and epistemological creation and shifts in worldview. In both cases, translation (in both directions) has played a major part. The impact of Sanskrit and the Sanskrit-related Prakrit, which began well before the Common Era, increased after the Sangam period of Tamil literature, resulting in far-reaching changes in Tamil lexico-semantics, grammatical concepts, and theory of poetics. Contact with English, though different in duration and historical context, has significantly impacted Tamil language and literature and lexical resources in an industrialized and modernized world. It has also brought about a re-evaluation of the canonical past and emergence of new sociolinguistic, literary, and cultural perspectives about Tamil.
Compassion and Care Through Musical Social Emotional Learning
Authors: Edgar Scott N. , D'Ambrosio Kara Ireland , Hackl-Blumstein Elise
Published: August 2023

This chapter addresses the principles of social emotional learning (SEL) and explores strategies and embedded experiences for music classrooms as they embody compassion and care for both teachers and students. Intended to build competence in self-awareness, self-management, social-awareness, relationship management, and responsible decision-making, SEL facilitates reflection and social interactions. Music education classrooms and educators represent fertile ground for implementing caring SEL. When student empowerment drives musical SEL instruction and it is contextually sensitive and culturally relevant, the students’ needs, challenges, and motivations drive all aspects of the curriculum, including SEL implementation. When effectively implemented in the music classroom, SEL can compassionately empower students to amplify their voice, empathize, embrace diversity, and connect with music and each other in profound ways. Finally, we draw connections with universal design for learning (UDL) to frame the necessity for flexibility and meeting individual students’ needs, providing varied means for participation and engagement.
Gene duplications facilitate C4-CAM compatibility in common purslane
Authors: Wang Xiaoliang , Ma Xuxu , Yan Ge , Hua Lei , Liu Han , Huang Wei , Liang Zhikai , Chao Qing , Hibberd Julian M , Jiao Yuannian , Zhang Mei
Published: August 2023

Common purslane (Portulaca oleracea) integrates both C4 and crassulacean acid metabolism (CAM) photosynthesis pathways and is a promising model plant to explore C4-CAM plasticity. Here, we report a high-quality chromosome-level genome of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-malic enzyme (ME) subtype common purslane that provides evidence for 2 rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) with an ancient WGD (P-β) in the common ancestor to Portulacaceae and Cactaceae around 66.30 million years ago (Mya) and another (Po-α) specific to common purslane lineage around 7.74 Mya. A larger number of gene copies encoding key enzymes/transporters involved in C4 and CAM pathways were detected in common purslane than in related species. Phylogeny, conserved functional site, and collinearity analyses revealed that the Po-α WGD produced the phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase-encoded gene copies used for photosynthesis in common purslane, while the P-β WGD event produced 2 ancestral genes of functionally differentiated (C4- and CAM-specific) beta carbonic anhydrases involved in the C4 + CAM pathways. Additionally, cis-element enrichment analysis in the promoters showed that CAM-specific genes have recruited both evening and midnight circadian elements as well as the Abscisic acid (ABA)-independent regulatory module mediated by ethylene-response factor cis-elements. Overall, this study provides insights into the origin and evolutionary process of C4 and CAM pathways in common purslane, as well as potential targets for engineering crops by integrating C4 or CAM metabolism.
Transcription factors MdMYC2 and MdMYB85 interact with ester aroma synthesis gene MdAAT1 in apple
Authors: Li Li-Xian , Fang Yue , Li Dan , Zhu Zi-Hao , Zhang Ya , Tang Zi-Yu , Li Ting , Chen Xue-Sen , Feng Shou-Qian
Published: August 2023

Volatile esters in apple (Malus domestica) fruit are the critical aroma components determining apple flavor quality. While the exact molecular regulatory mechanism remains unknown, jasmonic acid (JA) plays a crucial role in stimulating the synthesis of ester aromas in apples. In our study, we investigated the effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the production of ester aroma in apples. MeJA treatment significantly increased ester aroma synthesis, accompanied by the upregulation of several genes involved in the jasmonate pathway transduction. Specifically, expression of the gene MdMYC2, which encodes a transcription factor associated with the jasmonate pathway, and the R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene MdMYB85 increased upon MeJA treatment. Furthermore, the essential gene ALCOHOL ACYLTRANSFERASE 1 (MdAAT1), encoding an enzyme responsible for ester aroma synthesis, showed increased expression levels as well. Our investigation revealed that MdMYC2 and MdMYB85 directly interacted with the promoter region of MdAAT1, thereby enhancing its transcriptional activity. In addition, MdMYC2 and MdMYB85 directly bind their promoters and activate transcription. Notably, the interaction between MdMYC2 and MdMYB85 proteins further amplified the regulatory effect of MdMYB85 on MdMYC2 and MdAAT1, as well as that of MdMYC2 on MdMYB85 and MdAAT1. Collectively, our findings elucidate the role of the gene module consisting of MdMYC2, MdMYB85, and MdAAT1 in mediating the effects of JA and promoting ester aroma synthesis in apples.
Recent Development of Novel Drug Delivery of Herbal Drugs
Authors: Singh Hardeep , Sharma Gauri
Published: August 2023

Objective

As plants are nature's panacea, mankind has used them for food and healing since the dawn of time. Currently, there are worldwide initiatives targeted at finding herbal treatments in plants and promoting them using a reliable drug delivery system for people. The fundamental idea underlying it is that each disease's cure can be found in nature. But the distribution of herbal medications also needs to be modified in order to promote patient compliance, achieve sustained discharge, etc.

Key Findings

Due to challenges with processing, standardisation, extraction, and identification, herbal medications traditionally could not convince scientists to modify novel drug delivery systems. Advanced approaches can be used to prevent toxicity, improve stability, increase the bioavailability of herbal formulations, and prevent physical and chemical deterioration. The various drug delivery systems indicated in this article are phytosomes, liposomes, nanoparticles, microspheres, microemulsions, niosomes, dendrimers, etc.

In order to enhance the delivery of herbal drugs by increasing their therapeutic benefits and reducing their toxicity, the need for innovative drug delivery systems has increased. This review provides information on numerous strategies used to increase the efficacy and safety of phytomedicines, as well as employing novel formulations.

Conclusion

By minimising toxicity and eliminating the need for repeated administration to overcome noncompliance, novel drug delivery systems increase therapeutic value. enhanced bioavailability, etc.
Early Prediction of Massive Transfusion for Patients With Traumatic Hemorrhage: Development of a Multivariable Machine Learning Model
Authors: Benjamin Andrew J. , Young Andrew J. , Holcomb John B. , Fox Erin E. , Wade Charles E. , Meador Chris , Cannon Jeremy W.
Published: August 2023

Objective:

Develop a novel machine learning (ML) model to rapidly identify trauma patients with severe hemorrhage at risk of early mortality.

Background:

The critical administration threshold (CAT, 3 or more units of red blood cells in a 60-minute period) indicates severe hemorrhage and predicts mortality, whereas early identification of such patients improves survival.

Methods:

Patients from the PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion and Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet, and Plasma Ratio studies were identified as either CAT+ or CAT−. Candidate variables were separated into 4 tiers based on the anticipated time of availability during the patient’s assessment. ML models were created with the stepwise addition of variables and compared with the baseline performance of the assessment of blood consumption (ABC) score for CAT+ prediction using a cross-validated training set and a hold-out validation test set.

Results:

Of 1245 PRospective, Observational, Multicenter, Major Trauma Transfusion and 680 Pragmatic, Randomized Optimal Platelet and Plasma Ratio study patients, 1312 were included in this analysis, including 862 CAT+ and 450 CAT−. A CatBoost gradient-boosted decision tree model performed best. Using only variables available prehospital or on initial assessment (Tier 1), the ML model performed superior to the ABC score in predicting CAT+ patients [area under the receiver-operator curve (AUC = 0.71 vs 0.62)]. Model discrimination increased with the addition of Tier 2 (AUC = 0.75), Tier 3 (AUC = 0.77), and Tier 4 (AUC = 0.81) variables.

Conclusions:

A dynamic ML model reliably identified CAT+ trauma patients with data available within minutes of trauma center arrival, and the quality of the prediction improved as more patient-level data became available. Such an approach can optimize the accuracy and timeliness of massive transfusion protocol activation.
Nursing Interventions for Children with Atopic Dermatitis and Their Families
Authors: Kim Bomi , Choi Sunyeob
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

The purpose of this scoping review was to summarize and synthesis studies about nursing interventions for children and adolescents with atopic dermatitis and their families.

Methods:

A scoping review was conducted and described as per PRISMA-ScR via four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of science, Scopus, and EBSCOhost, evaluating research on nursing interventions for children diagnosed with atopic dermatitis and their families.

Results:

Eleven articles were included in the review. Nursing interventions were conducted for children, parents, or both and primarily focused on education, consultation, and management of complications. Outcomes of the interventions showed improvements in atopic dermatitis severity for children and enhanced quality of life for children and their families.

Clinical Implications:

Nursing interventions targeting children and parents have been found to be effective in alleviating the severity of atopic dermatitis in children and improving their quality of life. Despite the increasing prevalence of atopic dermatitis in children, studies on nursing interventions are insufficient and outdated. Future research should focus on providing comprehensive and age-appropriate interventions for children with atopic dermatitis and their families to improve their well-being and overall quality of life.
Salivary Gland Neoplasms With a Unique Trabecular Histology and MAML2 Translocation
Authors: Ahn Bokyung , Choi Seung-Ho , Kim Doeun , Kim Deokhoon , Cho Kyung-Ja
Published: August 2023

Mucoepidermoid carcinomas (MECs) are the most common salivary gland malignancy and have a diverse histology. Many histologic variants of MEC have now been confirmed with characteristic molecular alterations involving CRTC1::MAML2 or CRTC1::MAML3 translocations. We here report a series of 7 trabecular variants of MEC which showed a predominant trabecular or nested pattern with either focal glandular differentiation or clear cell change and keloid-like fibrosis in the background. In addition, these tumors were either negative or showed only focal positivity for p63. Such features are not characteristic of known disease entities and resulted in an initial misdiagnosis of adenocarcinoma, not otherwise specified, or low-grade to intermediate-grade MEC with uncertainty. The patients’ ages in our cohort ranged from 26 to 55 years with a female predominance (5/7). The tumors were located in the parotid gland (n=3), base of tongue (n=2), hard palate (n=1), and parapharyngeal space (n=1), with a median size of 1.5 cm. All 7 cases showed an MAML2 split pattern on fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis, and both RNA and whole-genome sequencing presented CRTC1::MAML2 translocation. All 7 cases showed a solid-predominant histology, and 3 cases displayed extracapsular extension. There were no other signs of high-grade histology and no recurrences or deaths occurred over a follow-up period of up to 79 months. We thus propose a unique trabecular variant of MEC that has atypical histologic and immunohistochemical features.
Digital Compression of the Origin of the Nasal Branch of the Ophthalmic Artery During Filler Augmentation: A Review of the Anatomical Literature and an Analysis of Plastinated Specimens
Authors: Hwang Kun , Han Seung Ho
Published: August 2023

The aim of this study was to determine the exact site of digital compression on the origin of the nasal branch of the ophthalmic artery during filler augmentation, by conducting a review of anatomical literature and examining plastinated specimens. According to 4 textbooks (Gray’s Anatomy, Whitnall’s Anatomy on the Human Orbit, Wolff’s Anatomy, and Duke-Elder’s System of Ophthalmology), the dorsal nasal artery leaves the orbit by piercing the orbital septum between the trochlea and the medial palpebral ligament and anastomoses with the angular part of the facial artery. In plastinated arterial specimens, the ophthalmic artery exits the orbit and divides into the supratrochlear artery and the dorsal nasal artery at the upper border of the lacrimal fossa. The dorsal nasal artery then anastomoses with the angular part of the facial artery. Branches of the dorsal nasal artery anastomose with their counterparts on the opposite side. During filler augmentation of the nose, bilateral digital compression is applied to the origins of the nasal branches of the ophthalmic artery, specifically at the point where the ophthalmic artery pierces the orbital septum. Applying compression just above the medial palpebral ligament against the bone, directly above the lacrimal sac, using the index finger and thumb can help prevent the migration of injected droplets to the ophthalmic artery. This straightforward maneuver, grounded in anatomical understanding, aims to prevent the migration of injected droplets to the ophthalmic artery.