bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Salmonella surveillance in pigs using a stochastic simulation model
Authors: Krieter J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Pork is an important source of human Salmonellosis. Therefore efficient Salmonella surveillance programmes are recommended for minimising Salmonella entry into food production. With a stochastic simulation model, a Salmonella control programme (based on meat juice samples) was analysed depending on sample size (30 to 200 animals per finishing farm and year), prevalence in the population (8,13 and 24 %), farm size (400, 1500 and 3000 places per farm), threshold level classifying a farm as positive (20 and 40 %) and sensitivity of the test. The simulation model generates an integrated pig production chain with linkages between the stages farrowing, rearing, fattening and slaughter starting with the purchase of gilts. Salmonella may enter the system via purchase of animals, feedstuffs and other vectors. Crowding effects and pen-to-pen infection were also taken into account. Within each herd a dynamic pattern of Salmonella infection was simulated. The simulation covered a time interval of 24 months. Sensitivity, specificity and the predictive values were used for the evaluation of the different sampling strategies. At the base situation (prevalence 8%, 1500 places per finishing farm, 60 animals sampled per year and a threshold of 40 %) sensitivity was 65.9 and specificity 96.6 %. Increasing the sample size mainly improved the sensitivity (74.2 to 77.0 %). If the prevalence in the population is enhanced, more animals have to be sampled in order to realise the same detection rate. The effect of the farm size was negligible. The pattern of the Salmonella infection within a farm over 24 months demonstrated that a classification of farms supposes a handling time of 12 months.
The effect of sire line on growth, ambulating in novel environment and maze learning in heifers
Authors: Broucek J. , Mihina S. , Uhrincat M. , Kisac P. , Hanus A. , Tancin V.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of sire's lineage on live body growth, movement in open-field arena and time of acrossing the maze of heifers. 54 Holstein heifers, which descended from 7 sires, were used. The highest growth from the birth to 21 months was found in the progeny of sire D, the lowest growth in daughters of sire line B (0.74 ± 0.05 kg vs. 0.62 ± 0.08 kg; P < 0.01). Number of crossed squares in open-field tests did not vary significantly among sire lines. Significant differences were found among sires in the time across of the maze (P < 0.01). Daughters after F and E sires solved the maze more quickly then the others. We found significant relationships between a number of crossed squares during 5 minute open-field test and daily weight gains from the birth to the 6th month of life (r = 0.3712** at the age of 16 weeks and r = 0.3792** at the age of 18 months). Under consideration of the low number of animals analyses showed, that sire's lineage has impact on the growth and maze behaviour.
Varianzkomponentenschätzung unter Berücksichtigung von Dominanz an simulierten Reinzuchtlinien
Authors: Wensch-Dorendorf M. , Mielenz N. , Groeneveld E. , Kovac M. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Estimation of variance components under dominance with simulated purebred lines A stochastic simulation based on a gene model was used to investigate the estimation of variance with dominance and additive animal models. For a heritability in broad sense of 0.5 three ratios of dominance variance (5, 10 and 25%) on the phenotypic variance were investigated under different degrees of dominance. No additionally biased estimations of the variance components as consequence of different dominance degrees were found. By using the dominance model for random mating as well as for selection the differences between true parameters and estimation values were small for all dominance degrees and ratios of dominance variance. Small, but significantly, differences can be explained by the change of the allele frequencies over the generations due to the influence of selection. By using the additive animal model, that ignores the dominance relationship, for high ratios of the dominance variance (25% or greater) important biased estimations of the variances were observed. For dominance ratios of 5% no significantly overestimation of the additive variances with the reduced model were found under selection and random mating.
Stichprobenumfang zur Schätzung der Dominanzvarianz bei hierarchischer Halb- und Vollgeschwisterstruktur
Authors: Mielenz N. , Schüler L.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Sample size for estimation of dominance variance with hierarchical full- and half-sib structure The sampling size for the estimation of the ratio d2 of the dominance variance to the phenotypic variance is investigated for the case of hierarchical population structures corresponding to the relations in poultry and pig breeding. The standard error of the d2-estimation is calculated by using the Maximum-Likelihood method and the concept of parameter transformation. Estimation of the dominance variance requires much larger data sets than estimation of the additive variance. Assuming d2-values of 25, 17, 10 and 5% than the estimation of the ratio d2 required about 6, 10, 20 and 40 times more data than the estimation of the additive variance. For the case h2:d2=0.4:0.1 the estimation of d2 with 8320, 14720, 33040 and 58640 records yielded standard errors of 8, 6, 4 and 3%. In the situation of h2:d2=0.225:0.075 the same accuracies can be reached with records of 4400, 7760, 17520 and 31040 animals.
Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur subpartalen Anwendung von Oxytocinpräparaten bei Sauen
Authors: Hühn U. , Udluft T. , Wehrend A. , Zaremba W.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Comparative investigations into the subpartal application of Oxytocin preparations in sows A veterinary supervision and monitoring of the farrowing process was carried out on a weaner production unit comprising of 1,500 sow places with a weekly (7 day) batch farrowing system. Farrowing was recorded as being interrupted in 15.2 % of 1,975 farrowings as a result of inadequate contractions during labour and where the time-interval between the expulsion of consecutive piglets exceeded 40 minutes. 143 affected farrowing sows were allocated into three treatment groups and received an intramuscular injection of 20 I.U. Oxytocin (Group A, n = 44); 140 μg of the agent Carbetocin (contained in 2 ml of the long acting oxytocin preparation Depotocin®; Group B, n = 47) and respectively 70 μg Carbetocin per sow (Group C, n = 52) to stimulate labour contractions. The oxytocin preparation was applied on average 148 minutes following the expulsion of the first piglet. On average 4.2 piglets had been born prior to this point in time. Following the injection of Carbetocin the time required for each piglet to be born, as well as the time to the completion of farrowing, were reduced significantly compared to Group A (p < 0.05) and there was a tendency for a reduction in the proportion of piglets born dead. The various treatments had no fundamental influence on the proportion of those requiring manual assistance at farrowing. The labour contraction inducing injection of 70 μg Carbetocin proved effective; this dosage rate is to be recommended for application during parturition in the pig.
The effect of the high environmental temperature on some blood parameters and the laying performance of Japanese quails with different body weights* (short communication)
Authors: Ozcelik M. , Ozbey O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. In this study, it was aimed to determine the effects of the high environmental temperature on blood parameters, egg productivity, egg weight and the eggshell thickness of the Japanese quails with different body weights. By this purpose, two temperature groups consisting of control (18–24 °C) and experiment (35 °C) groups and two weight groups as being heavy group (live weight > 27 g) and light group (live weight < 27 g) were constituted. At the end of the research, the effect of high temperature on some blood parameters were found as important statistically. The value of the egg productivity, egg weight and eggshell thickness were found lower at 35 C degree than the ones at 18–24 C degree in both weight groups.
Phenotypic and Genetic Parameter Estimates for Racing Traits of Thoroughbred Horses in Turkey
Authors: Ekiz B. , Kocak Ö. , Yilmaz A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study was carried out to investigate the fixed effects influencing racing traits of Thoroughbred horses and to estimate the genetic parameters for these traits, which are needed to design breeding programmes. The racing records used in the study were obtained from the Turkish Jockey Club. The traits used in the study were racing time, best racing time, rank, annual earnings, earnings per start, log annual earnings and log earnings per start. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML procedure using DFREML programme. The effects of age and sex were significant for each trait. The effect of year was significant on earning traits and time traits, except for best racing time on turf track. The effects of month on time traits were also significant. Heritability estimates of entire dataset were 0.317, 0.467, 0.132, 0.194, 0.291, 0.188 and 0.341 for racing time, best racing time, rank, annual earnings, earnings per start, log annual earnings and log earnings per start, respectively. Estimates of repeatability varied from 0.293 to 0.465 for racing time, from 0.373 to 0.531 for best racing time and from 0.215 to 0.232 for rank depending on the dataset used in the analyses.
Geburtsverhalten und Kälberaufzucht beim Bison (Bison bison) in landwirtschaftlicher Haltung
Authors: Haßpacher T. , Sambraus H. H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Parturient behaviour and raising of calves in bison (Bison bison) kept on farms The American Bison (Bison bison) is getting an increasing economical importance in Europe. Currently approx. 600 individuals of this species are kept on farms in Germany. There is little known if Bison can be kept species specific in Central Europe. In two bison herds with 52 respectively eight cows kept in Bavaria some behavioural aspects were examined, especially the calving and suckling behaviour. The behavioural observations were carried out during a period from spring to autumn, some days per week and each day from dawn till dusk. The calving lasted averagely 2 h (n = 19). 11 cows stood up within 1 min p.p.. The calves could stand after 20 min on average and had found the udder within half an hour p.p.. The number of suckling acts decreased from 1,7 per hour from the day of birth to as little as 0,2 times per hour in the 7th month. The duration of an individual suckling process increased to an average of 6 min in week 5 to 6 and then decreased to 4 min averagely in the 7th month. As bisons are still underlying a natural reproduction rhythm (calving almost only from May to July) damage to the calves as a result of unfavourable climatic conditions is not to be expected. The bison behaviour observed agreed mainly with that described in the literature for bison living in North America, despite smaller paddocks, more intense management and different ecosystems. Concerning the studied aspects, there is nothing that tells against keeping these animals, which originally come from another continent, under the described keeping conditions in Germany.
The use of molecular genetics in eliminating of inherited anomalies in cattle
Authors: Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Genetic improvement programmes in cattle have significantly contributed to the large increase in milk and meat production. As along with these breeding schemes top ranking AI sires are widely used and in the case, if these sires are carriers of mutated alleles, inherited defects can be widely disseminated. Most of the about 350 inherited anomalies in cattle occur at very low to low frequencies and thus, carriers are usually not detected in progeny tests based on reporting calves with congenital malformations. The molecular genetic decipherment of inherited anomalies is the necessary prerequisite for an efficient prevention of the dissemination of undesired alleles. The paper gives a survey on inherited anomalies being already characterized in cattle with molecular genetic methods. Furthermore, two genetic anomalies, namely congenital X-linked ectodermal dysplasia with hypotrichosis and missing teeth and bilateral convergent strabismus with exophthalmus are described in more detail.
Identification of genetic variants in differentially expressed sequences in cattle of different metabolic type – potential genetic markers of nutrient utilization
Authors: Schwerin M. , Goldammer T. , Kuehn C. , Walz C. , Ponsuksili S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Two cattle breeds serve as a model to identify genes and genetic variants, respectively, that are potentially associated with nutrient transformation: Holsteins bred for high milk production mainly, and Charolais bred for high body weight with outstanding muscular growth. The major differences between Charolais and Holstein regarding many general body parameters originate from differences in pathways and deposition of nutrients. In an initial experiment, expressed sequence tags (ESTs) differentially displayed between both cattle breeds were isolated by mRNA differential display in liver and intestine. Of the in total identified 277 ESTs, 79 showing the most prominent differences, were screened for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Thirty four SNPs were detected in 30 ESTs In a direct sequencing approach based on the comparative sequencing of the corresponding amplicons generated by PCR from genomic DNA pools of 20 animals each of both cattle breeds,. Eighteen of these SNPs showed breed specific distribution of allelic variants. Occurrence of ESTs with a breed specific SNP distribution and localisation of the respective ESTs to chromosome regions known to be affecting carcass and growth traits in cattle suggest a trait association of the respective SNPs. The polymorphic nature of the SNP markers suggests that they will be useful for evaluating whether variation in these genomic regions influences nutrient pathways in cattle.
The effects of breed cross on performance and meat quality of once-bred gilts in a seasonal outdoor rearing system
Authors: Heyer A. , Andersson K. , Leufvén S. , Rydhmer L. , Lundström K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This study investigated the suitability of once-bred gilts of two different breed crosses in an alternative seasonal outdoor rearing system, with slaughter of the once-bred gilts and their progeny at the end of the season. In total 38 once-bred gilts (Large White x Landrace (LW*L) and Large White x Duroc (LW*D) were housed outdoors one month before farrowing until slaughter, 2-3 weeks after weaning. Body weight, backfat thickness and litter size of the once-bred gilts, and pre-weaning mortality and growth of the piglets were recorded. Carcass quality and technological meat quality (pHu, internal and surface reflectance, water-holding capacity, processing yield and shear-force) of m. longissimus dorsi were measured. Sensory meat quality (taste panel) of oven-baked loin (m. longissimus dorsi) and cured and smoked ham (m. semimembranosus) was investigated. LW*L once-bred gilts had more piglets at weaning, whereas growth rate of LW*D progeny was higher; pre-weaning mortality and litter weight did not differ between the breeds. LW*L had higher lean meat content and lower backfat thickness. Technological meat quality and chemical composition did not considerably differ between the two breed crosses. LW*D had higher quality with regard to meat flavour and stringiness, but tended to have lower quality with regard to juiciness of cured and smoked ham, compared with LW*L.
Effect of culture methods on cumulus and oocyte morphology and meiotic competence of bovine oocytes from early antral follicles
Authors: Kątska-Książkiewicz L. , Alm H.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to establish a culture system that would maintain the three-dimensional structure of bovine early antral follicles (EAF) or isolated cumulus-oocyte-granulosa complexes (COCGs) and increase the resulting portion of COCs with normal morphology for subsequent IVM. The morphological quality and meiotic competence of oocytes originating from early antral bovine ovarian follicles (0.2 to 0.7 mm and 0.4 to 0.7 mm diameter) were evaluated following culture in vitro for 14 and 7 d, respectively, and subsequent in vitro maturation. Growth culture modifications included culture in the well of the well (WOW) system; a microdroplet of collagen gel (2 x 5 μl vs. 2 x 400 μl; standard system) and culture of EAF in hanging drops of medium (inverted system). Significantly higher (P<0.01) proportions of COCs with normal morphology (60.4%) were obtained from COCGs compared to EAF (4.8%) grown in the WOW system. Embedding of COCGs in microdrops of collagen gel significantly increased proportion of COCs with normal morphology (63.2%) compared to those embedded in standard volume gels (35.3%). Recovery rate of COCs with normal morphology from cultured EAF was improved both by using microdrops of gel (44%) and by culture in the inverted system (39.3%) over that found for the standard system (8.5%).
Estimation of body composition of pigs by a near-infrared interactance probe technique
Authors: Mitchell A. D. , Scholz A. M. , Solomon M. B.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Near-infrared (NIR) interactance was evaluated as a potentially new method for estimating live body and carcass composition of pigs. Using a surface placed fiber optic probe, measurements of the live animal and carcass were made on a total of 120 pigs. These measurements were compared with lipid and protein content of soft tissue dissected from the pig carcass. NIR results were evaluated using multiple regression equations containing NIR readings at various locations on the body, combinations of wavelengths and with or without ultrasonic fat depth readings and body weight. NIR measurements made on the carcass predicted percent carcass fat (R = 0.71) better than did measurements made on the live animal (R = 0.66), however, both could be improved substantially by including live body weight in the prediction equation (R = 0.93 and 0.91). Spectral information indicated that the depth of tissue penetration and reflectance may be the primary limitation in this application of the current technology.
Genetische Parameter für Fruchtbarkeitsmerkmale bei Landschafrassen
Authors: De Vries F. , Hamann H. , Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Genetic parameters for reproduction traits in land sheep breeds The objective of the study was a genetic statistical analysis of reproduction traits from 13164 lambings in German Grey Heath, 2260 in German White Heath, 12961 in German Polled Heath, 11258 in Bentheim and 3088 in Coburg. Reproduction traits included early lambing (≤ 550 days), late lambing (>550 days), first lambing interval, second lambing interval and total number of lambs born. Three different linear animal models were used for analysing of these traits. The heritabilities ranged from h² = 0.43 to 0.45 for the trait early lambing, between h2 = 0.11 and 0.40 for the trait late lambing, between h2 = 0.05 and 0.24 for the first lambing interval, between h2 = 0.02 and 0.20 for the second lambing interval and between h2 = 0.06 and 0.07 for the total number of lambs born. There were high additive genetic correlations between the first three parity numbers. Because of this, the parity numbers were analysed together using a repeatability model. Additive genetic correlations between early or late lambing and first lambing interval, early lambing and late lambing interval as well as between first and second lambing interval were moderate and negative.
Wirkung eines homöopathischen Kombinationsarzneimittels auf Tiergesundheit und Leistung bei Mastschweinen
Authors: Bellmann O. , Kanitz E. , Tuchscherer M. , Reinhart E. , Ender K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of a homoeopathic drug on animal health and performance in pigs In the modern pig production the animals are still affected by sub-optimal condition. Economical reasons lead to high population densities in the stable, which can cause a higher susceptibility to diseases and misbehaviour. In the following trial growing pigs (70th to 170th days of living) were kept in four different groups with different space allowance (lowest possible space allowed by law vice versus higher space allowance). The trial group was treated with Engystol® via drinking water. Additionally to higher growing performance, the treated pigs had less lung and pleura affections as well as less withdrawing of lungs. In the groups of untreated animals tail biting did occur. A treatment of growing pigs with Engystol® leads to higher growth performance and better meat quality. Although there will be no improved performance while the pigs are kept under optimal conditions, the susceptibility to negative influences like stress, diseases, poor environmental conditions will be reduced. A strong analysis of the given situation is clearly necessary. A treatment with Engystol® seems to be useful at specific points of interest like weaning, transport, movement.
Application of ultrasound technique for cistern size measurement in dairy goats (short communication)
Authors: Wójtowski J. , Ślósarz P. , Junkuszew A. , Milerski M. , Szymanowska A. , Szymanowski M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The aim of the study was to compare ultrasound measurements of the gland cistern in goats obtained by various methods. The tests were conducted on goats of the Polish White Improved breed. Four ultrasound devices were used in the experiment, which were equipped with 4 different types of probes. The most similar measurements, rp from .729 to .927, were obtained with the use of a SonoVet2000 with a linear probe with the frequency of 5 MHz, applied to the middle part of the udder base, penetrating the opposite udder half and a Hitachi EUB 405+ with a 5.0 MHz convex probe applied to the middle part of the base of the diagnosed udder half, directing the emission surface of the probe towards the teat.
Do Mangalica Pigs of Different Colours Really Belong to Different Breeds?
Authors: Zsolnai A. , Radnóczy L. , Fésüs L. , Anton I.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The genetic relationships among the indigenous Hungarian Mangalica swine breeds in farms at different geographical locations have been studied by ten microsatellite markers (S0005, S0090, S0101, S0155, S0355, S0386, SW24, SW240, SW857, SW951), in order to characterise the population and to give sound scientific basis for management practices. The work hypothesis – that Mangalica individuals form just one unpartitioned population – has been rejected. The estimated value of clusters in population is three and it is in content with the history of the breeds. The estimated distances (Ds, Da, Fst) were the smallest between Swallow-Belly and Blond, while the Red showed the largest genetic distance from the previous two breeds. This approach proves the existence of distinct populations and can be used for assignment of individuals with high probability value (in the range from 0.83 to 0.91) to the different Mangalica breeds if required.
A novel mutation in the bovine EDA gene causing anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (Brief report)
Authors: Drögemüller C. , Barlund C. S. , Palmer C. W. , Leeb T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. X-linked anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (EDA), also called hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED), represents a group of similar phenotypes described in humans, the tabby mouse mutant, dog, and cattle (KERE et al., 1996; SRIVASTAVA et al., 1997; CASAL et al., 2005; DRÖGEMÜLLER et al., 2001, 2002). EDA is characterised by the hypoplasia or absence of hair and eccrine glands in addition to dental abnormalities. Ectodysplasin A1 and A2, the two isoforms encoded by the EDA gene, are transmembrane protein members of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family and deleterious mutations in the human, murine, canine, and bovine EDA gene, respectively, result in manifestations of EDA.
Principal component analysis of performance test traits in Hungarian Sporthorse mares
Authors: Posta J. , Komlósi I. , Mihók S.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The analysis utilized data on performance traits recorded between 1993 and 2004 on 3- and 4-year-old Hungarian Sporthorse mares. Traits were categorized in three groups, chosen to describe conformation, free jumping and movement. Low to moderate correlations were found among traits within each of those groups. There were high correlations between type and frame for both ages; and within free jumping performance traits, jumping style and jumping ability were highly correlated as well. In principal component analyses of test results for 3- and 4-year-old mares, 9 factors (ratio of variance = 80.935) and 7 factors (ratio of variance = 74.115) were identified, respectively. Dendograms based upon cluster analysis verified the separation of trait groups. The trait of "impulsion in elasticity of movement" could be assigned to movement traits in 3-year-old; but as a probable consequence of training, it could be assigned to conformation traits, especially to overall impression, when horses were 4-year-old.
Breed-specific classification potentials of sheep in different grassland biotopes
Authors: Fischer A. , Schalitz G. , Behling C.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. There has been an increasing influx from national and international genetic reservoirs into a region that used to be a main breeding area of a merino breed which was consequently reduced to small groups of remaining stocks. Due to the new diversity of breeds it is possible to keep sheep at sites with distinct characteristics in a wide range of different biotopes. As cattle and sheep often share the same feed the latter are mainly kept on sandy and lowyield sites which are typical for Brandenburg. There is a considerable variability of distinctive differences between individual breeds. The present paper describes the specifics of the various breeds to be found in Brandenburg and assesses potentials of their employment in different grassland biotopes. This may provide a basis for further studies into genotype-environment interactions which are of practical and economic relevance for reasonable land use by sheep keeping.
Milk production and reproduction traits of different grades of zebu x Friesian crossbreds under semi-arid conditions
Authors: Ahmed M.-K. A. , Teirab A. B. , Musa L. M.-A. , Peters K. J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Data from Zebu x Friesian crossbred dairy cows of different upgrading kept in the Kenana Sugar Company (KSC) farm, 300 km south of Khartoum on the bank of the White Nile in the low rainfall savannah region were collected over a period from 1984 to 2004 and analyzed using Harvey’s (1990) Least Squares programme. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in milk yield per lactation, daily milk yield and lactation between the 25% and 37.5% genetic groups. The 50% Zebu x Friesian group produced significantly more milk per lactation (2721.10 ± 87.36 kg) compared to the 25% and 37.5% groups (2067.20 ± 241.62 and 2192.68 ± 122.66, respectively). The milk yield per lactation and daily milk yield of the 50, 62.5, 75 and 87.5% breed groups was not significantly different. There were no significant differences in length of lactation between the 25%, 37.5% and the 50% group (267.99±18.14, 273.11±9.25 and 278.75±6.52, respectively). Groups with 75% and 87.5% of Friesian blood proportion had significantly longer lactation days (305.09 ±10.63 and 347.07 ±30.14, respectively). The range for dry period was between 78.37±12.27 days for the 75% genetic group to 92.56±16.76 days for the 25% group. The mean calving intervals for the five genetic groups ranged from 367.85±21.38 days for the 75% group to 394.60±16.33 days for the 50% group. The earliest age at calving (41.56±2.16 months) was achieved by the 37.5% group while the latest age at first calving (49.01±1.29 months) was recorded for the 62.5 % group. The results of this study and other similar studies in tropical countries provide proof that the local environment (i.e. high temperature, low feed quality and quantity, disease and parasitic loads) can sustain composite genotypes of up to 50% B. taurus blood and does not lead to significant yield increases in upgraded groups. The economic feasibility of raising crossbred cows (Zebu x Bos taurus) under the Sudan condition has to be further evaluated in comparison with native dairy breeds to determine the overall efficiency and economic benefits.
Genetic evaluation of laying hens under fixed regression animal models
Authors: Wolc A. , Lisowski M. , Szwaczkowski T.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Monthly egg production in laying hens was studied under fixed regression models. The data of 37071 birds from three strains under long term selection were analysed. The covariates from four production curves were included in nested and non-nested form. From linearized functions the model of Ali and Schaeffer most adequately described the egg production. Akaike Information Criterion favoured models with nested covariates. The following genetic parameters were estimated: heritability 0.02–0.2, 0.03–0.06, 0.03–0.20 repeatability 0.11–0.23, 0.21–0.30, 0.34–0.43 for A22, A88 and K66 lines, respectively. In conclusion, regression models could be considered in genetic evaluation of laying hens.
Assignment of the TYK2 gene to equine chromosome 7q12-q13 (Brief report)
Authors: Stübs D. , Kuiper H. , Mömke S. , Chowdhary B. P. , Distl O.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a member of the janus kinase gene family and encodes an 1187 amino acid protein. All four members of the janus kinase family JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2 associate with various cytokine receptors and mediate the signal transduction by tyrosine phosphorylation of downstream targets (YAMOAKA et al., 2004). Studies with tyk2 deficient mice demonstrated impairment of interferon α/β signaling (KARAGHIOSOFF et al., 2003). Mutations in the murine tyk2 gene are associated with increased susceptibility to infectious and autoimmune diseases (SHAW et al., 2003). The human TYK2 gene consists of 25 exons spanning 30,003 bp on human chromosome 19p13.2 starting at 10,322,209 bp. The objective of this study was to determine the chromosomal location of TYK2 in the horse by FISH and RH mapping.
Einfluss differenzierter Eutervorbereitungszeiten auf Melkbarkeitsmerkmale bei Milchkühen in Kuba
Authors: Kanswohl N. , Schlegl M. , Polanco Expósito G. , Rössel D.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of different time of pre-milking teat preparation on milking characteristics of dairy cows in Cuba For the evaluation of different times of pre-milking teat preparation on milking ability of different races/genotypes some parameters about milking with machines (milking characteristics) have been registered. This study reveals that an insufficient pre-milking teat preparation clearly under 60 s lead to a significant deterioration of the milking characteristics. The average milk flow rate decreased while the main-milking-time and the post-milking-time increased. Generally a pre-milking teat preparation of 60s was sufficient to trigger a fully adequate milk ejection. An increase of this time of pre-milking teat preparation to 300 s or even 400 s lead to negative influence on the milking characteristics.
Mast- und Schlachtleistung bei Bullen und Färsen von Fleischrinderrassen und der Kreuzung Deutsch Angus x Fleckvieh
Authors: Link G. , Willeke H. , Golze M. , Bergfeld U.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Fattening- and slaughter performance of bulls and heifers of beef breeds and the cross breed German Angus x Simmental The objective of this study was to analyze the differences between fattening and slaughter performances as well as their compositions of meat cuts depending on breed and category of 158 cattle belonging to the breeds of German Angus (DA), Simmental (FV), Limousin (LIM) and the crossbreed DA X FV. The Simmentals had the highest birth weight with 40.5 kg and the heaviest slaughter weight with 578 kg. Although having the longest fattening time, Limousins had the lowest slaughter weight, but were able to compensate this disadvantage through the highest slaughter yield of 60 % and with the biggest share of the pistol cut of 45 %. The German Angus compared with the other breeds appeared to have the most unfavourable results of performance, but the crossbreed (DA x FV) had the shortest fattening period, in which similar slaughter weights and weights of the two carcass halves were obtained. Both genotypes had a higher grade of adiposity and a visually lower muscularity, resulting in significantly lower shares of pistol cut and valuable meat cuts. Heifers absolutely and relatively differ in terms of meat cuts compared with bulls. Only the share of valuable meat cuts was similar. Certainly bulls had a stronger accentuation of the forequarter. Shares of shoulder and neck were higher. However filet, roast beef and round shares of heifers were significantly higher.
Auswirkungen der Weidehaltung tragender Jungrinder in einer auf ein Erstkalbealter von 24 Monaten ausgerichteten intensiven Aufzucht auf Körperentwicklung, Abkalbung und Milchleistung
Authors: Losand B. , Czerniawska-Piątkowska E. , Szewczuk M. , Blum E. , Blaszczyk P.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Title of the paper: Effect of grazing intensively reared pregnant replacement German Holstein heifers on body development, calving and milk performance The influence of grazing intensively reared pregnant Holstein heifers on body development; calving and milk performance was tested in a farm experiment. 51 heifers were kept on pasture after insemination (VGW) and 70 heifers were continuously reared in a barn (VGS) aimed at an age at first calving of 24 month. Grazing was realized at a periodically renewed low moor pasture. Insemination began when animals reached life weight of 400 kg. Included were only heifers pregnant before 530th day of life. Life weight gain from birth to 15th month was about 850 g/day in both groups. In contrast to the continuously gaining barn reared heifers the heifers of VG pasture suffered a decrease of life weight up to 1300 g/day after starting pasture. At the same time body condition score and heart girth decreased but increased hip height. Later on pasture life weight gain as well as heart girth turned to increase up to 800 g/day and 3.5 cm/month respectively whereas body condition score tended to be constant at about 3.5. The initially decrease in life weight gain is not discussed as depression of body development but as reduction of an excessive obesity. Statistically calving problems (score 1…4) were positively related with body condition score. Furthermore calving problems influenced milk yield in first 100 days of lactation negatively. Therefore the milk yield of VGW was significant higher than VGS.
Effect of Birth Weight and Sex on Pre-Weaning Growth Rate of Piglets
Authors: Škorjanc D. , Brus M. , Čandek Potokar M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A study was conducted to find out the effect of birth weight and sex on growth rate of piglets in pre-weaning period. A total of 466 piglets from 48 litters of multiparous sows (Landrace) were involved in the experiment. Using a clustering approach piglets were assigned into three birth weight groups (Heavy (H), Intermediate (I), Light (L)). For the analysis of growth performance, pigs were weighed every 7 days until weaning at 28 days of age and average daily gain (ADG) was calculated. During lactation, body weight of L piglets was 5.5-fold increased, whereas the increase in I and H piglets were only 4.7-fold and 3.4-fold, respectively. Piglets of L group were significantly lighter at all studied ages compared to piglets of I and H group. The highest ADG was noted in the second week for all three groups; thereafter it decreased in H and L piglets (24% and 17%, respectively). The average birth weight of piglets was positively and significantly correlated with body weight at days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Sex did not affect significantly the ADG of the investigated animals during the four weeks of lactation. The present results indicate that neither milk production after the second week of lactation nor consumption of creep feed are sufficient enough to cover nutrition needs of fast growing piglets. There’s still a lack of optimization of nutrition in pre-weaning period especially for heavier piglets with their higher growth potential.
Ontogeny of suckling behaviour in cattle - a model for several mammalian species?
Authors: Mayntz M. , Sender G.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Suckling behaviour of nine beef cow-calf-pairs (Hereford and Charolais) and five dairy cow-calf-pair's (Polish Holstein-Friesian) was video-recorded from day one pp to day 70 (beef) or 82 (dairy) post partum (pp) regularly. Cows were only suckled during that time and milk yield could not be recorded. Bout was defined as all activities of the calf from the first contact between the mouth of the calf at a specific teat and the last contact at this teat, i.e., as a small sub-unit of a meal. Number of suckled teats, uniformity of relative shares of suckled teats, number of bouts, average bout and relative number of bout-teat-repetitions described the course of ontogeny of suckling behaviour. The first model included the effects breed, cow (breed), and day pp as regression. The analysis revealed the following: (i) number of teats, uniformity of relative shares between suckled teats, and number of bouts increased with increasing day pp. (ii) Average bout, relative number of bout-teat repetitions and mealbout- relationship decreased with increasing day pp. (iii) The same developments could be observed in both breeds, however, significantly slower in the dairy breed. The second model included the effects breed, cow (breed) and average bout as regression, representing milk yield. Breed changed from a very powerful into an almost negligible effect in that second analysis. The implications of the results for a wider group of mammalian species are discussed.
Phylogenic analysis of the SLA-1 gene variants observed from Korean Jeju pig (Brief Report)
Authors: Chung H. , Yoon S. , Beck M. , Park H. , Kim J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The Swine Leukocyte Antigen (SLA) class I consists of SLA-1, SLA-2, and SLA-3 genes (CHARON et al., 2000) that are expressed on the surface of most nucleated cells. Pig organs mainly from miniature pigs have been used in studies on xenotransplantation (SMITH et al., 2005). It is important to understand genetic variations of the SLA-1 gene considering the SLA-mediated immune responses. Collecting information on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and alleles of SLA-1 and their phylogenic relationships is important regarding future uses of the Korean Jeju Pig (KJP) in xenotransplantation.
Comparison of Holstein bull semen sources on milk traits in Isfahan province in Iran
Authors: Nilforooshan M. A. , Edriss M. A.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. This research provides a comparison of productivity of daughters in Iran sired by bulls from Canada, Europe, Iran, and the United States. Data were collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran on pedigree and first lactation performances of 10,192 Holsteins sired by 186 imported (including: 39 European, 73 American, 74 Canadian) and 133 Iranian bulls, which had their first calving in 35 dairy herds in Isfahan province. The results showed that American and European daughters had the highest performances for milk yield. The highest mean for fat yield was related to European daughters. American sires on average had the highest genetic potential for yield traits; however, they had the lowest fat percentage among compared sire groups. Canadian sire group was intermediate relative to American, European and Iranian groups. Higher intercepts and regression coefficients of conversion equations for American sires showed that more returns will be achieved from one genetic point superiority of American sires relative to Canadian sires in the environments of Isfahan province. The Iranian sire group had the lowest predicted transmitting ability means for both milk and fat yields and a negative predicted transmitting ability mean for fat percentage. This study showed that due to low to intermediate predicted transmitting ability correlations between foreign evaluations and the evaluations made by this study, direct selection based on foreign national evaluations would not lead to optimal results for the traits concerned. So, the genetic potential/expression of imported genetic materials needs to be reevaluated by the Animal Breeding Centers of Iran.
Efficiency of energy and protein deposition in swine measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)
Authors: Mitchell A. D. , Scholz A. M.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. A series of studies were conducted using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) to measure energy and protein deposition in pigs. In an initial validation study DXA was compared directly with slaughter analysis as a method for measuring energy deposition in pigs. During growth from 30 to 60 kg the mean value for carcass energy deposition measured by DXA was 251 MJ compared to 249 MJ by chemical analysis (R2=0.94). Subsequently it was shown that both compensatory growth and the addition of ractopamine to the diet resulted in an improvement in efficiency of protein deposition (PE), however, ractopamine also resulted in a reduction in the efficiency of energy deposition (kg). Another study was conducted to compare the efficiency of utilization of dietary energy and protein by control and IGF-I transgenic pigs in response to dietary conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Addition of CLA to the diet resulted in a reduction in kg, though there was no difference in kg based on genotype or sex. The PE was higher (P<0.05) in the IGF-I transgenic pigs. DXA was also used to assess energy deposition in pigs that were either homozygous stress non-sensitive (NN), heterozygous (Nn) or homozygous stress sensitive (nn). During growth from 30 to 60 kg or 60 to 90 kg there were no differences in the efficiency of either energy or protein deposition. In conclusion, DXA can be used to replace the comparative slaughter technique for measuring energy and protein deposition in pigs, thus this approach is useful for identifying differences in energy and protein deposition in pigs of different genotypes or when subjected to various dietary treatments.
An intronic SNP of PPARG and its association with fat traits in four meat-type duck populations (Brief report)
Authors: Wu Y. , Liu X. , Hou S. , Wang J. , Liu Y. , Kong X.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. Modern strains of ducks exhibit excessive body fat deposition, which is one of the main problems encountered by duck industry today. Excess fat deposition has led commercial breeders to incorporate significant selection for reduced body fatness in breeding programs. Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors (PPARs) belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily (SCHOONJANS et al., 1996). In particular peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor gamma, PPARG has been implicated in the regulation of lipid metabolism and, consequently, in diseases that involve disturbances in lipid metabolism (obesity, diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiac failure) (VAN et al., 2002). Thus PPARG is a candidate gene for traits related to fat deposition.
Yield and composition of milk from Polish Holstein-Friesian and Jersey cows in particular months of the first lactations as dependent on milk protein polymorphism (short communication)
Authors: Miciński J. , Jastrzębski M. , Klupczyński J.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The experiment was performed on 121 primiparous Polish Holstein-Friesian (PHF) cows and 36 primiparous Jersey (JER) cows. The highest decrease in casein yield was noted in JER cows at 7.36 % on day 90 of lactation, 15.95 % on day 150, 26.78 % on day 210, 37.01 % on day 270 and 39.67 % on day 330. In PHF cows this decrease was substantially lower, at 4.98 %, 7.65 %, 8.72 %, 10.50 % and 16.19 % respectively. The casein content of milk from primiparous PHF cows ranged from 2.38 % (LGB – day 60) to 3.09 % (LGB BB – day 330), and it was found to be considerably lower in JER cows, varying between 2.35 % (CSN3 BB – day 30) and 3.61 % (CSN3 BB – day 210). The highest casein yield was recorded in PHF cows with the following genotypes: LGB AA (day 60), CSN1S1 BB (day 60), CSN2 AB (day 270), CSN3 BB (day 150). In JER cows the highest casein yield was noted on day 90 of lactation with respect to the following genotypes: LGB BB, CSN1S1 BC, CSN2 AA and CSN3 BB. In PHF cows the greatest effect on whey protein yield was exerted by the following genotypes: LGB AA (day 90), CSN1S1 BC (day 60), CSN2 AA (day 90); the CSN3 BB genotype influenced whey protein yield in cattle of both breeds (day 90). In JER cows the highest daily yield of whey proteins was observed on day 90 of lactation, with regard to the following genotypes: LGB BB, CSN1S1 BC, CSN2 AB and CSN3 BB.
Influence of oocyte recovery method, in vitro fertilization method and serum source on embryonic development of in vitro matured bovine oocytes
Authors: Alm H. , Torner H. , Kanitz W. , Roschlau K.
Published: November 2017

Abstract. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of various factors on blastocyst development in a bovine in vitro embryo production system. Two production systems were originally compared: Protocol 1, which utilized oocyte recovery by slicing, 20 % fetal bovine serum with FSH (FBS+) for oocyte maturation, and sperm preparation system 1 (F1), and Protocol 2, which utilized oocyte recovery by aspiration, 5 % estrous cow serum with FSH, HCG and estradiol (ECS+) for oocyte maturation, and sperm preparation system 2 (F2). Because a significantly higher blastocyst development rate was found for Protocol 2, the different factors of oocyte recovery technique (slicing vs. aspiration), sperm preparation technique (F1 vs. F2) and serum and hormone supplementation during maturation (FBS+ vs. ECS+) were evaluated. Recovering oocytes using the alternative technique (slicing vs. aspiration) did not significantly alter blastocyst rate on Day 8 within either production system 1 (FBS+/F1) or production system 2 (ECS+/F2). Although investigations of influence of the type of fertilization method revealed no effect, a significant effect of the type of serum was observed on the blastocyst rates with ECS+ proving better as compared to the use of FBS+ (P<0.03). When embryos produced from these investigations were evaluated by differential staining, the number of ICM cells did not differ among treatment, but the number of TE cells, and thus the total cell number, and the ICM : TCN ratio, was significantly increased when oocytes were matured in ECS+ supplemented medium, regardless of sperm preparation method. In conclusion, serum supplementation, but not oocyte recovery method or sperm preparation method, was responsible for the difference in blastocyst rate between the two original IVP protocols.