bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Transmissividade e coeficiente de armazenamento obtidos a partir da difusividade em aquíferos confinados não drenantes
Authors: Feitosa Edilton Carneiro
Published: January 2020

Um conjunto de 18.000 valores teóricos de Difusividade (D) variando entre 0,012 m2/s e 8.914 m2/s, em aquífero confinado, foi gerado aleatoriamente por um programa de computador, desenvolvido no âmbito do estudo, que utiliza um código para a solução da equação de Theis. Esse mesmo programa calculou 200 tempos de reação t0 de poços de observação posicionados a 15 distâncias diferentes do poço produtor, para 6 vazões diferentes, o que resultou na obtenção de 18.000 pares (t0, D) obtidos aleatoriamente. A partir desses pares e de seus desdobramentos, e utilizando ajustes de leis potenciais e ajustes de leis logarítmicas, foi possível chegar à expressão analítica   que fornece D em função da distância r do poço produtor a um poço de observação (m), e do tempo de reação t0 (min) observado neste último. Uma vez obtida a difusividade D, são apresentadas fórmulas que permitem desmembrá-la em seu dividendo  (s’= rebaixamento num dado tempo t’ em min) e seu divisor , de forma unívoca. Os resultados obtidos para D, T e S são validados por comparação com 40 valores desses parâmetros obtidos em 15 testes de aquífero realizados durante a década de 1980 no Aquífero Cabeças no Vale do Gurguéia, Piauí/Brasil. Esta abordagem é válida para a obtenção de valores confiáveis de D, T e S, de modo a respaldar a elaboração adequada de projetos de poços e de baterias de poços.
Relação entre precipitação e recarga de águas subterrâneas na Amazônia Central
Authors: De Brito Alderlene Pimentel , Tomasella Javier , Wahnfried Ingo Daniel , Candido Luiz Antonio , Monteiro Maria Terezinha , Filgueiras Sávio José Ferreira
Published: January 2020

A água subterrânea na Amazônia é de fundamental importância na manutenção dos serviços ecossistêmicos e para atender demandas humanas. Apesar da existência de grandes corpos de água doce na região, as demandas de abastecimento são atendidas a partir de fontes subterrâneas, majoritariamente freáticas. De forma geral, demandas crescentes do recurso subterrâneo associadas ao crescimento demográfico e padrões de uso do solo podem induzir a alterações nas relações de balanço hídrico e, presumidamente também, as relações entre precipitação-recarga.  Somam-se, a esses fatores, efeitos dos eventos climáticos interanuais como o ENOS em suas distintas manifestações: El Niño e La Niña.  O objetivo deste estudo é correlacionar as recargas anuais e episódicas nos aquíferos Alter do Chão e Trombetas com a precipitação entre 2011 a 2018, tendo como foco especial o evento de El Niño de 2015-2016. A análise consiste na estimativa das taxas de recarga a partir do método Variação do Nível de Água (VNA) e na comparação das variações do nível da água subterrânea ao déficit total no armazenamento de água para o período. Padrões de comportamento interanuais do nível freático correlacionam-se com a variabilidade observada para a precipitação. A recarga média anual para os aquíferos Alter do Chão e Trombetas foi de 35% (572 mm) para uma precipitação anual de 1647 mm, e 24%, ou seja, 473 mm de 1954 mm precipitados, respectivamente. Os níveis freáticos mínimos ocorreram em janeiro de 2016. Este efeito indica que o ENOS pode gerar diminuições no volume total de água armazenado em aquíferos na Amazônia durante e alguns meses após sua ocorrência.
Estudo hidrogeológico e geofísico do aquífero fissural no Campus da UFMT-Cuiabá-MT
Authors: Silva hernández Andrés , Soares Dias Frederico
Published: January 2020

Os aquíferos fissurais representam uma das mais difíceis questões da Hidrogeologia, por se tratar de aquíferos anisotrópicos e heterogêneos, nos quais a agua subterrânea circula por fissuras nas rochas, principalmente estruturas rúpteis geradas por ação tectônica, como fraturas e falhas. O Campus da UFMT, em Cuiabá, se sobrepõe a um aquífero fissural instalado em rochas metassedimentares do Grupo Cuiabá, tal aquífero até o momento, não foi devidamente estudado. Esta pesquisa visou definir as características hidráulicas e estruturais do aquífero; determinar as direções preferenciais do fluxo hídrico subterrâneo; e definir pontos favoráveis à futuras perfurações. As direções preferenciais do fluxo hídrico subterrâneo na área de estudo, foram determinadas através de ensaios geofísicos pelo Método da Resistividade com arranjo Dipolo-Dipolo; em conjunto com medições das atitudes das fraturas em afloramentos rochosos, além de fotointerpretação a partir de fotografias aéreas em escala 1:8.000. As direções assim definidas para o fluxo subterrâneo foram N30-40E, N30-40W e N60-70W. As características hidráulicas dos poços instalados no campus da UFMT foram definidas através de uma analise dos relatórios de testes de bombeamento disponíveis nos arquivos desta universidade. Ficou constatado que os poços apresentam uma variação em suas vazões específicas, sendo estas; 0,054 m3/h/m, 0,227 m3/h/m e 0,67 m3/h/m. Tal heterogeneidade é característica dos aquíferos fissurais.
Proposta de trabalho com blogs em turmas de 5° ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Oliveira Janaína Fátima Sousa , Souza Viviane Aparecida de , Moura Éliton Meireles de , Souza Junior Arlindo José de
Published: January 2020

Este texto apresenta uma pesquisa realizada por meio do trabalho colaborativo, que aconteceu em uma escola periférica da cidade de Uberlândia-MG, caracterizada como estudo de caso e tem uma abordagem qualitativa. Analisamos o trabalho, com o apoio de blogs, cujas páginas foram utilizadas para registros dos alunos e debates direcionados ao conteúdo de Geometria. O objetivo foi analisar se é possível promover uma alfabetização digital e conhecimento matemático através do uso da ferramenta Blog. Analisamos o trabalho, com o apoio de blogs, cujas páginas foram utilizadas para registros dos alunos e debates direcionados ao conteúdo de Geometria. Foram convidados para participar desse projeto os alunos que estavam cursando o quinto ano do EF. O projeto foi desenvolvido com 30 alunos, no segundo semestre de 2014, e outros 30, no primeiro semestre de 2015, utilizando os seguintes instrumentos: notas de campo produzidas por toda a equipe do projeto, fotografias e filmagens das atividades produzidas no laboratório de informática e em sala de aula, questionários, entrevistas, registros em espaço virtual: os blogs. A análise das pro- duções dos alunos do quinto ano com registros nos blogs. No que diz respeito à conclusão, a pesquisa demonstrou que blogs, softwares e dinâmicas diferenciadas de estudo atraíram a atenção dos alunos, deixando-os em sua maioria, instigados pelo desconhecido. O trabalho de produção de blogs, em grupos, desenvolveu nos estudantes a leitura e a escrita, tanto da linguagem materna como de símbolo e nomenclatura matemática. A interação dos alunos se tornou perceptível no decorrer do projeto, uma vez que propiciou o amadurecimento pessoal dos estudantes, o respeito, a tolerância e a cooperação mútua. Nesse sentido, concluímos que o projeto contribuiu sobremaneira para o processo de alfabetização dos alunos na linguagem materna, na matemática e na alfabetização digital.
La presunción de ateísmo según Zubiri
Authors: Solari Enzo
Published: January 2020

Este trabajo muestra cómo es que Zubiri discutió a lo largo de su extensa obra —incorporando textos y cursos suyos recientemente editados— que exista una presunción intelectual en favor del ateísmo y en cambio sugirió que este está en idéntica posición intelectiva que el teísmo y el agnosticismo, para lo cual se reconstruyen en la filosofía madura de Zubiri sus análisis tanto del logos ateo como de la razón del ateísmo y se añaden finalmente algunas perspectivas especialmente práctico-políticas de prolongar esta filosofía del ateísmo.
Refugees’ trajectories in Switzerland: Impact of residence permits on labour market integration
Authors: Bertrand Anne-Laure
Published: January 2020

Life course trajectories of refugee populations in European countries highly depend on the various statuses and residence permits that are assigned to them. Taking the case study of Switzerland, this article aims at showing the impact of the legal framework on refugees’ chances of labour market integration. The term «refugee» here refers to all the individuals who came to Switzerland seeking asylum, no matter the outcome of the asylum procedure – and not only to those who obtained the status as defined by the 1951 Geneva Convention. In this study, the longitudinal follow‐up of the individuals is made possible by the matching of data from several population registers. From a descriptive point of view, sequence analysis allows the visualization of refugees’ trajectories from their arrival in the country – in terms of both residence permits and of labour market participation. Survival analysis models then show the concordance between the administrative status and the economic status, the access to more stable permits increasing significantly the chances of labour market integration. As a consequence, those who remain for many years with the most precarious permits (asylum seekers and provisionally admitted persons) go through a process of cumulative disadvantage. Although the economic vulnerability of refugees has been highlighted previously, this paper shows that within the refugee population, the host countries’ legislation creates an additional hierarchy, based on the residence permits, that further widens inequalities.
Activation of Natural Zeolite and Its Application for Adsorbents in Domestic Wastewater Treatment in Tembalang District, Semarang City
Authors: Suhartana Suhartana , Pardoyo Pardoyo
Published: January 2020

Tembalang is one of the districts in the city of Semarang whose economic growth is rapid. There are 12 sub-districts in Tembalang district, one of which is the Tembalang sub-district, which is within the campus area of Diponegoro University. When compared with other sub-district in the Tembalang district, the Tembalang sub-district community's need for clean water and domestic wastewater disposal is very high because of its dense population. Handling domestic wastewater is one of the environmental problems, which is interesting to study. Domestic wastewater, in addition to causing environmental pollution, can also cause discomfort and even health problems. One way to reduce the impact of domestic wastewater is to treat domestic wastewater before the environment is discharged. This study aims to describe the character of domestic wastewater in Tembalang sub-district, Tembalang district, Semarang city, and the use of activated zeolites and activated zeolites to reduce COD, pH, BOD, and TSS in domestic wastewater. Also, to compare the parameters of wastewater with regulations in force (Minister of Environment and Forestry Regulation No: 68 of 2016). This research is expected to improve the quality of domestic wastewater by adsorption using natural zeolite and activated zeolite adsorbents. The results showed that the adsorption treatment with natural zeolites and activated zeolites significantly improved water quality. The results of adsorption by natural zeolites showed a decrease in COD of 21.8%, a pH of 11.5%, BOD of 9.2%, and a TSS of 10.8%. Whereas adsorption by HCl-activated zeolite resulted in a decrease in COD of 78.9%, pH of 16.2%, BOD of 11.8% & TSS of 74.4%. While H2SO4-activated natural zeolite reduced COD by 85.5%, pH 17.9%, BOD 12.6% and TSS 89.7%.
KONAKLAMA İŞLETMELERİNDE İŞGÖRENLERİN EĞİTİMİ VE ALTERNATİF EĞİTİM YÖNTEMLERİNİN ETKİNLİĞİ
Authors: AVCIKURT Cevdet
Published: January 2020

Ağırlama ve turizm endüstrileri dünya ekonomisinin en hızlı büyüyen ve en dinamik endüstrilerden biridir. Her iki endüstri de emek yoğun özellik taşır. Bu, özellikle konaklama işletmeleri içim ayrı bir önem taşımaktadır. Bundan dolayı, işgörenlerin eğitim düzeyleri bu işletmelerin başarısı için önemlidir. Diğer yandan, konaklama endüstrisi en çok nitelikli eleman sıkıntısına sahip endüstrilerdendir. İşgücü sorunu, Türkiye'deki konaklama endüstrisi için de büyük bir sorun teşkil etmektedir. Özellikle, bir çok sayfiye oteli nitelikli işgören bulmada ve onları işletmede tutabilmede büyük sorunlarla karşılaşabilmektedir. Eğitim, işgörenlerin bulundukları görevlerde gereksinim duyulan bilgi ve becerileri kazanmalarını sağlayan araçlardan biridir. Öte yandan, eğitim yöntemlerinin etkinliği oldukça önemlidir çünkü, etkili eğitim yöntemleri çalışanların hizmet kalitesi ve verimliliğini ve dolayısıyla, işletmenin rekabet gücünü olumlu yönde etkileyecektir. Bu çalışma, ağırlama ve turizm endüstrisindeki yöneticilere, işletmecilere ve politikacılara bazı yönetsel katkılar sunmaktadır.
EKONOMİK KATMA DEĞER (ECONOMIC VALUE ADDED) (EVA©) VE NET KAR: İMKB’DEKİ HİSSE SENEDİ FİYATLARININ ANALİZİ (1995-2000)
Authors: GÜRBÜZ A. Osman , ERGİNCAN Yakup
Published: January 2020

EVA© net işletme karı ile işletmenin tümüne veya bir projeye yatırılan tüm sermayenin fırsat maliyeti arasındaki fark olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Başka bir deyişle, EVA© işletme karının, kullanılan toplam sermayenin maliyetini karşılayıp karşılamadığını ölçmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı son yıllarda dünyada şirketlerin performanslarını ölçmek amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan EVA©ile İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası (İMKB) ’de işlem gören hisse senetlerinin fiyatları arasındaki ilişkiyi göstermek ve hisse senedi fiyatlarını belirlemede kullanılan geleneksel ölçülerden biri olan Net Kar ile EVA©’yı karşılaştırmaktır. Sonuçlar dikkate alındığında EVA©’nın İMKB’de işlem gören hisse senetlerinin piyasa değerleri ile istatistiksel olarak yüksek düzeyde ilişkisi bulunduğu belirlenmiştir.
ÇİN HALK CUMHURİYETİ’NİN DÜNYA TİCARET ÖRGÜTÜ’NE KATILMASININ TÜRKİYE'NİN TEKSTİL ve KONFEKSİYON İHRACATINA MUHTEMEL ETKİLERİ
Authors: AYDINTAN Belgin
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada, Çin Halk Cumhuriyeti’nin Dünya Ticaret Örgütü’ne üyeliğinin, Türkiye'nin Avrupa Birliği ve Amerika Birleşik Devletleri’ne olan tekstil ve konfeksiyon ihracatını ne yönde etkileyebileceği tartışılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, DTÖ üyeliği ile Çin gibi rekabet gücü yüksek ülkeler gerek AB gerekse ABD pazarında Türkiye için ciddi bir tehlike durumuna geleceklerdir. Çin başta olmak üzere, işgücü maliyeti çok düşük uzak doğu ülkelerinin düşük kaliteli ve ucuz mamullerde sahip olacağı üstünlük dikkate alınarak Türkiye'nin uluslararası piyasalarda tekstil ve konfeksiyon sektöründeki payının ve rekabet gücünün korunabilmesi için, sektörün yeniden yapılandırılması ihtiyacı doğmaktadır
İMKB ’NİN ZAYIF VE YARI GÜÇLÜ FORMDA ETKİNLİĞİNİN EKONOMETRİK ANALİZİ
Authors: ZENGİN Hilmi , KURT Serdar
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışma, 1987:01-2002:09 dönemini kapsayan makroekonomik değişkenler ve İMKB (İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsası) Ulusal 100 (İMKB-100) endeksi arasındaki ilişkilerden yararlanarak İMKB’nin zayıf ve yarı güçlü formda etkinliğinin sınanması amaçlamaktadır. Çalışmada ADF ve Peron birim kök testleri, Granger nedensellik testi ve hata düzeltme modeli kullanılmıştır. İMKB-100 endeksi ve makroekonomik değişkenler arasında uzun dönemde eşbütünleşme ilişkisi Engle-Granger eşbütünleşme testi ile belirlenmiştir. Birim kök testi sonuçları İMKB-100 endeksinin rassal yürüyüşe uyduğunu ve İMKB’ nin zayıf formda etkin olduğunu göstermektedir. Makroekonomik değişkenler ve İMKB-100 endeksi arasında eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkisi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu eşbütünleşme ve nedensellik ilişkilerinden yararlanarak İMKB-100 endeksi tahmin edilebileceği için, bazı yatırımcılar diğerlerinden daha fazla kazanç elde edebilirler. Ayrıca, nedensellik ve eşbütünleşme testleri İMKB’nin yarı güçlü formda etkin olmadığını göstermektedir.
TESTING THE VALIDITY OF FORWARD-LOOKING BUFFER STOCK MODEL USING WEIGHTED MONETARY AGGREGATES
Authors: ÇELİK Sadullah
Published: January 2020

Tıpa stok parasal büyüklükler modeli ekonomilerde geçici denge bozukluklarını savunmaktadır. Buna karşın, Divisia parasal büyüklükler modeli ise ekonomik bireylerin (devamlı olarak) ihtiyaçları olan parasal servis miktarına karar verdiklerini, ve bu kararında ekonomik (parasal) dengeyi oluşturduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Birbirine zıt gibi görünse de, özünde her iki teoride açıklanabilir bir para talebi fonksiyonuna dayanmaktadır. Bu makale bu iki teorinin dinamiklerinin birleştirilir olup olmadığını analiz etmek amacını taşımaktadır. Bunun için tıpa-stok parasal modellerinde Divisia tartılı para arzlarının geçerliliği Amerika Birleşik Devletleri verileri için test edilmiştir. Divisia tartılı para arzları en az toplam para arzları kadar reel para dengesi fonksiyonun 1970’lerden bu yana uğradığı kırılmayı iyileştirmekte başarılı olmaktadır. Kullanılan parasal büyüklükler içinde Divisia M1 en hakim parasal büyüklük olarak göze çarpmaktadır.
AVRUPA BİRLİĞİ'NDE İÇ VE DIŞ TİCARET DENGESİ GELİŞİMİ
Authors: AKAL Mustafa
Published: January 2020

Bu çalışmada Avrupa Birliği (AB) ülkelerinin üyelik sonrası iç ve dış ticaret dengesi gelişmeleri üyelik öncesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Ülkelerin AB’ye girmeleriyle dış ticaretlerini Birlik üyesi ülkelere yoğunlaştırmaları sonucu üye ülkelerle olan dış ticaretlerinde ihracatlarının ithalatlarını karşılama oranlarında dengeye doğru bir eğilim saptanmıştır. AB üyelerinin diğer ülkelere yönelik ihracatlarının ithalatlarını karşılama oranlarını zamanla artırdıkları da bu çalışmada görülmektedir. Genelde, üye ülkeler gelişmiş bloklarla ticaretlerinde fazla, az gelişmiş bloklarla ticaretlerinde açık vermektedirler. Buna neden olarak modern sanayi dallarında Birlik üyesi ülkelerin diğer. gelişmiş bloklara karşın bir rekabet üstünlüğünün bulunması, fakat, diğer taraftan da geleneksel sanayi dallarında AFTA (Asya Serbest Ticaret Bölgesi) ile karşılaştırıldığında rekabetinin zayıf olması gösterilebilir. Birlik, gelişmekte olan ülkelerden toplam ticaretlerinde değerce fazla öneme sahip olmayan fakat Birlik sahasında üretimi az veya hiç bulunmayan malları ithal etmektedir.
MODERN PORTFÖY TEORİSİ VE İSTANBUL MENKUL KIYMETLER BORSASI'NDAKİ UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİ
Authors: KANALICI AKAY Hülya
Published: January 2020

Çalışma portföy teorisi ile ilgilidir. Modern Portföy Teorisinin temelini teşkil eden Markowitz Modelinin teorik yapısı ayrıntıları ile ortaya konmuştur. Bu modelden yararlanılarak, İstanbul Menkul Kıymetler Borsa’sında Ocak 1997-Aralık 2002 tarihleri arasında işlem gören hisse senetlerinin aylık kazanç verileri kullanılarak hesaplamalar yapılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlarla bir portföy denemesinde bulunulmuş, etkin portföyler tespit edilmiş ve etkin sınır çizilmiştir. Markowitz modeliyle bulunan optimal portföylerin, tek tek hisse senetlerinden daha iyi kazanç ve risk bileşimi verdikleri bir gerçektir. Ayrıca uygun bir çeşitlendirme ile sistematik olmayan riskin ortadan kaldırılabileceği görülmüştür. Çok iyi çeşitlendirilmiş bir portföyde sistematik olmayan risk, sistematik risk seviyesine kadar indirilebilir. Sistematik riski ise elimine etmek mümkün değildir.
TRAFİK KAZASINA KARIŞAN SÜRÜCÜLERİ ÖNGÖREN DEĞİŞKENLERİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: YÜKSEL İhsan
Published: January 2020

Bu araştırmanın temel amacı, trafik kazasına neden olan değişkenlere bağlı olarak, kazaya karışan ve karışmayan sürücüleri diskriminant analizi ile öngörmeye çalışmaktır. Diskriminant modeline başlangıçta trafik kazasına karışmada etkisi olduğu düşünülen 24 değişken alınmıştır. Stepwise işlemi sonucunda modele giren beş değişkenin kazaya karışan ve karışmayan sürücüleri % 93.7 düzeyinde doğru öngördüğü belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda geliştirilen diskriminant analizi modeline göre, trajik kazasına karışan ve karışmayan sürücüleri ayırt edici değişkenler; sürücülerin trafik kazası yapma sıklığı, karışılan en son trafik kazası tarihi, trafik kazasından sonra sürüş biçiminde değişiklik yapma, son zamanlarda sürücülerin yapmış olduğu aktivitelerden zevk alma durumu ve sürücülerin günlük araç kullanım süresidir.
Pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms of CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP2D6, and CYP3A5 in Bhutanese population
Authors: Dorji Palden Wangyel , Wangchuk Sonam , Boonprasert Kanyarat , Tarasuk Mayuri , Na-Bangchang Kesara
Published: January 2020

Background

Marked differences among genotype frequencies (Caucasians, Asians, and Africans) have been observed in cytochrome P450 (CYP) genes. Data on the frequency of pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms in Bhutanese population is absent. This study aimed to investigate the frequencies of pharmacogenetic relevant polymorphisms of CYP2C9 (*2 and *3), CYP2C19 (*2 and *3), CYP2D6 (*10), and CYP3A5 (*3) in Bhutanese population.

Methods

Genotyping was performed in 443 DNA samples using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.

Results

For CYP2C9, allele frequencies of *2 and *3 variants were 0.339% and 0%, respectively. For CYP2C19, frequencies of *2 and *3 variants were 30.135% and 15.689%, respectively. Allele frequencies of CYP2D6*10 and CYP3A5*3 were 21.332% and 77.314%, respectively. Allele frequencies of CYP2C9*2 are similar to most Asians while CYP2C9*3 was absent. CYP2C19*2 showed a close resemblance to Japanese and Burmese, while CYP2C19*3 is near to Japanese and Korean. CYP2D6*10 is noticeably lower than other Asians. CYP3A5*3 is similar to East Asians (Chinese, Japanese, and Korean).

Conclusions

The Bhutanese population is polymorphic for these CYP genes, except for CYP2C9*3. Similar to other populations, genetic testing for these genes may, therefore, be helpful to obtain the benefit from pharmacological treatments and prevent adverse drug reactions.
Analysis of a Non-integer Order Model for the Coinfection of HIV and HSV-2
Authors: Pinto Carla M. A. , Carvalho Ana R. M.
Published: January 2020

We propose a non-integer order model for the dynamics of the coinfection of HIV and HSV-2. We calculate the reproduction number of the model and study the local stability of the disease-free equilibrium. Simulations of the model for the variation of epidemiologically relevant parameters and the order of the non-integer order derivative, α, reveal interesting dynamics. These results are discussed from an epidemiologically point of view.
Regularity “in Large” for the 3DSalmon’s Planetary Geostrophic Model of Ocean Dynamics
Authors: Cao Chongsheng , Titi Edriss S.
Published: January 2020

It is well known, by now, that the three-dimensional non-viscous planetary geostrophic model, with vertical hydrostatic balance and horizontal Rayleigh friction/damping, coupled to the heat diffusion and transport, is mathematically ill-posed. This is because the no-normal flow physical boundary condition implicitly produces an additional boundary condition for the temperature at the lateral boundary. This additional boundary condition is different, because of the Coriolis forcing term, than the no-heat-flux physical boundary condition. Consequently, the second order parabolic heat equation is over-determined with two different boundary conditions. In a previous work we proposed one remedy to this problem by introducing a fourth-order artificial hyper-diffusion to the heat transport equation and proved global regularity for the proposed model. A shortcoming of this higher-oder diffusion is the loss of the maximum/minimum principle for the heat equation. Another remedy for this problem was suggested by R. Salmon by introducing an additional Rayleigh-like friction/damping term for the vertical component of the velocity in the hydrostatic balance equation. In this paper we prove the global, for all time and all initial data, well-posedness of strong solutions to the three-dimensional Salmon’s planetary geostrophic model of ocean dynamics. That is, we show global existence, uniqueness and continuous dependence of the strong solutions on initial data for this model. Unlike the 3D viscous PG model, we are still unable to show the uniqueness of the weak solution. Notably, we also demonstrate in what sense the additional damping term, suggested by Salmon, annihilate the ill-posedness in the original system; consequently, it can be viewed as “regularizing” term that can possibly be used to regularize other related systems.
Determination of relative solids concentration in homogeneous dual component pulp-filler suspension by multi-spectrophotometer
Authors: Niskanen Ilpo , Forsberg Viviane , Zakrisson Daniel , Engberg Birgitta A. , Heikkilä Rauno , Thungström Göran
Published: January 2020

The concentration of fibers and fillers in the pulp suspension is an important parameter in the monitoring process. This paper proposes a versatile optical measurement system to estimate the concentration of a solids mixture in water. The geometry used in a multi-spectrophotometer (MSM) enables the controlled observation of transmission, and forward scattering light from the suspension in the UV-visible spectral range. We have developed the new fibers mixing system which gives a homogenous distribution of the fines and fillers making it possible to increase the reproducibility and accuracy of the measurement. The data analysis is based on the Beer-Lambert law and CIELAB color space equations. The results show that the proposed method is accurate for measuring the fines and filler concentrations in multicomponent suspensions.
Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) residue analysis of foam-formed cellulose-based products
Authors: Viitala Janika , Lappalainen Timo , Järvinen Marjo
Published: January 2020

Surfactant residues in foam forming are related to the circulation of surfactant in the foaming process, but they may also affect the properties of the foam-formed product. In this work, residues of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS), in foam-formed products were studied. Two different methods were applied for the determination of SDS: ICP-OES (Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy) and solvent extraction spectrophotometry. The dry matter content of the sample before the drying step has a significant effect on the SDS residue. Another factor that has a significant effect on the SDS residues is the amount of precipitated dodecyl sulphate (DS). It was found that SDS does not degrade in the drying phase and will remain in the salt form in the final product. SDS residue decreased when the temperature of the fibre suspension was increased. Theoretical values for SDS residues were estimated from the original surfactant concentration and the amount of water remaining in the product before the drying phase. When all the surfactant was in soluble form, measured SDS residues were close to the theoretical values, which indicates that SDS was not permanently adsorbed onto softwood cellulose fibres.
Brain energetics, mitochondria, and traumatic brain injury
Authors: Benaroya Haym
Published: January 2020

We review current thinking about, and draw connections between, brain energetics and metabolism, and between mitochondria and traumatic brain injury. Energy is fundamental to proper brain function. Its creation in a useful form for neurons and glia, and consistently in response to the brain’s high energy needs, is critical for physiological pathways. Dysfunction in the mechanisms of energy production is at the center of neurological and neuropsychiatric pathologies. We examine the connections between energetics and mitochondria – the organelle responsible for almost all the energy production in the cell – and how secondary pathologies in traumatic brain injury result from energetic dysfunction. This paper interweaves these topics, a necessity since they are closely coupled, and identifies where there exist a lack of understanding and of data. In addition to summarizing current thinking in these disciplines, our goal is to suggest a framework for the mathematical modeling of mechanisms and pathways based on optimal energetic decisions.
Celebrating Ten Years of the Global Labour Journal
Authors: Cook Maria Lorena , Dutta Madhumita , Gallas Alexander , Nowak Jörg , Scully Ben
Published: January 2020

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Reducing Unnecessary Testing in Uncomplicated Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: A Quality Improvement Approach
Authors: Lee Begem , Hershey Daniel , Patel Aarti , Pierce Heather , Rhee Kyung E. , Fisher Erin
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

Skin and soft tissue infections are common pediatric diagnoses with substantial costs. Recent studies suggest blood cultures are not useful in management of uncomplicated skin and soft tissue infections (uSSTIs). Complete blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein are also of questionable value. We aimed to decrease these tests by 25% for patients with uSSTIs admitted to the pediatric hospital medicine service within 3 months.

METHODS:

An interdisciplinary team led a quality improvement (QI) project. Baseline assessment included review of the literature and 12 months of medical records. Key stakeholders identified drivers that informed the creation of an electronic order set and development of a pediatric hospital medicine–emergency department collaborative QI project. The primary outcome measure was mean number of tests per patient encounter. Balancing measures included unplanned readmissions and missed diagnoses.

RESULTS:

Our baseline-year rate was 3.4 tests per patient encounter (573 tests and 169 patient encounters). During the intervention year, the rate decreased by 35% to 2.2 tests per patient encounter (286 tests and 130 patient encounters) and was sustained for 14 months postintervention. There were no unplanned readmissions or missed diagnoses for the study period. Order set adherence was 80% (83 out of 104) during the intervention period and sustained at 87% postintervention.

CONCLUSIONS:

Our interdisciplinary team achieved our aim, reducing unnecessary laboratory testing in patients with an uSSTI without patient harm. Awareness of local culture, creation of an order set, defining appropriate patient selection and testing indications, and implementation of a collaborative QI project helped us achieve our aim.
Oral Vitamin K Prophylaxis in Newborns: A Survey of Clinician Opinions and Practices
Authors: Cheng Jessica H. , Loyal Jaspreet , Wood Kelly E. , Kair Laura R.
Published: January 2020

OBJECTIVES:

The majority of newborns in the United States receive intramuscular (IM) vitamin K for prophylaxis against vitamin K deficiency bleeding (VKDB). Oral vitamin K is less effective than IM vitamin K in preventing VKDB but is widely used in Europe and by some in the United States when parents refuse IM vitamin K for their newborn. Our aim was to assess the practices, opinions, and knowledge of newborn clinicians regarding oral vitamin K prophylaxis when parents refuse IM vitamin K.

METHODS:

We conducted an electronic survey of newborn clinicians from 3 academic medical centers in California, Iowa, and Connecticut. Descriptive statistics and χ2 tests were performed.

RESULTS:

Of 160 newborn clinicians at 3 sites, 110 (69%) completed the survey. Of respondents, 58 (53%) believed the incidence of IM vitamin K refusal is increasing and had prescribed or recommended oral vitamin K at least once. Regarding knowledge, 32 (28%) and 23 (20%) respondents did not know whether oral vitamin K decreases the risk of early- and late-onset VKDB, respectively. There were no significant differences in opinions, knowledge, or practices across institutions or practice settings (NICU, well-newborn nursery, or both) (P > .05).

CONCLUSIONS:

Our study findings suggest that newborn clinicians may lack knowledge about the effectiveness of oral vitamin K in preventing VKDB. More information is needed about oral vitamin K regimens and outcomes of newborns who receive oral vitamin K.
Intravenous Lipid Emulsions in the NICU
Authors: Calkins Kara L. , Robinson Daniel T.
Published: January 2020

The clinical goals of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) have changed since their initial development. In the past, 100% soybean oil was used to provide energy and prevent an essential fatty acid deficiency. Now, different oil sources are used with the goal of improving nutritional status and preventing common neonatal comorbidities. We now have a better understanding of specific ILE constituents, namely, fatty acids, vitamin E, and phytosterols, and how these components contribute to complications such as intestinal failure–associated liver disease. This review addresses the development and composition of different ILEs and summarizes how individual ILE ingredients affect infant metabolism and health.
Floristic diversity, biological spectrum of lower Tanawal, KP, Pakistan
Authors: Adeela B. , Zafar I. , Ghulam M. S. , Manzoor H. , Inayat U. R. R.
Published: January 2020

Field surveys were carried out to evaluate the floristic diversity and biological spectrum of Lower Tanawal, District Abbottabad in different seasons during 2016-2018. This study area was divided into 80 stands on the basis of physiognomy of the vegetation. Life form classes and leaf spectra were classified following Raunkiers methodology. In total, 286 plant species belonging to 86 families were recorded, out of which herbaceous growth form dominated the study area with 187 species, followed by shrub with 54 species. Among all 86 families, Asteraceae was found to be the most dominant family with 25 species, followed by Fabaceae with 24 species and Rosaceae with 20 species. Based on life form classes, Therophytic life form was the leading class with 113 species (39.5104%), followed by Nanophanerophytes with 45 species (15.7342%). In leaf size spectra, Microphylls dominated the flora with 88 species (30.7692%), followed by Mesophyll with 81 species (28.3216%). This study shows the complete floristic composition that may be important as reference work for future ethnobotanical, ecological and conservational studies.
Efficiency of savory (Satureja Khuzestanica Jamzad) essential oil on performance, carcass traits, some blood parameters and immune function of Male Ross 308 heat stressed broiler chicks
Authors: Mohammad Y. , Hasan G. , Mohsen D.
Published: January 2020

To investigate the efficiency of savory essential oil on performance, organs relative weight, some blood parameters, immune response and hepatic enzymes of broiler chickens, a total 320 male Ross 308 chicks were allocated to four treatments and four replicates of twenty birds as a completely randomized design from. The varidifferent levels savory oil. The body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded at continues weeks of the experiment. Relative weight of visceral organs was determined and blood serum glucose and activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were measured after blood sampling at 42 days old and plasma IgG immunoglobulin was quantified. Data showed that BW and FI increased with savory oil inclusion (p≤0.05). Besides, the savory oil decreased the plasma glucose, AST and ALT and serum blood Ig G of heat stressed broilers, increased significantly (p?0.05) instead. In conclusion we may suggested that, the savory oil at 0.4 ml/L could improve economic proficiency in broiler flocks due to accumulation of minute advantages in greater BWG, FI, and improved immune system and lowered hepatic enzymes under heat stress condition.
The Impact of Renewable Energy on Carbon Dioxide Emissions: An Empirical Analysis of Selected South Asian Countries
Authors: Waheed A. , Tariq M.
Published: January 2020

This study attempts to explore the impact of renewable energy, nonrenewable energy, trade openness and urbanization on carbon dioxide emissions in the selected South Asian countries over the period 1990 to 2014. The study used Panel Fully Modified Ordinary Least Square (FMOLS) for analyzing the relationship between renewable energy, nonrenewable energy, trade openness, urbanization, and carbon dioxide emissions. The results from the FMOLS show that renewable energy is negatively associated with emissions, whereas nonrenewable energy is positively associated with CO2 emissions. Furthermore the empirical estimation revealed that the increase in trade openness increases CO2 emissions. Interestingly, urbanization decreases carbon dioxide emissions in our analysis of selected South Asian region. It implies that increasing the use of renewable energy is an effective policy to mitigate global warming in the South Asian region.
Number and taxonomic structure of blood-sucking insects community in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region
Authors: Khlyzova T. A.
Published: January 2020

The abundance level of blood-sucking Diptera is, to a large extent, determined by natural and climatic conditions and hydrological regime of rivers, and is subject to significant fluctuations. In order to assess the impact of meteorological conditions of the season on the abundance of blood-sucking Diptera, the abundance ratio of horseflies, mosquitoes, blackflies and midges in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region for 2006, 2013-2017 was compared. The study was performed in the surroundings of Isetskoye Village and Barkhatovo Village in Isetsky District of Tyumen Region. This area belongs to the province of Tobol forest-steppe. The study area is located on the left bank of Iset river. The forest-steppe zone is located in the south of the region. The region has very cold winters, the average temperature in January is -18-20ºС. The summer season lasts about 125 days, the average temperature in July is +19-20ºC. Spring and autumn seasons are short. The region is characterized by late frosts in spring until the end of the first decade of June and early autumn, and sometimes in late August. Analysis of data obtained showed that of the six seasons studied the largest gnus abundance was registered in 2014, the minimum abundance was in 2006. The abundance level and the individual components ratio of «GNUS» complex were subject to significant changes depending on the season, in 2006 and 2014, the blackflies were mostly collected, and in 2013, 2015-2017 – mosquitoes. Meteorological and hydrological conditions of winter and spring seasons have the greatest impact on the level of insect populations of «gnuts» complex. Seasonal fluctuations in abundance of blackflies was 3 times, midges ‒ 9, horseflies and mosquitoes ‒ 10. The main limiting factors for the mass development of blood-sucking Diptera in the forest-steppe zone of Tyumen Region are hard and dry winters that cause insect death at the pre-imaginal stages of development, as well as huge temperature swings in spring and summer and small areas of breeding grounds.
Wandering of Mass Reproduction of Harmful Insects Within the Natural Habitat
Authors: Stankevych S. V. , Baidyk H. V. , Lezhenina I. P. , Filatov M. O. , Martynenko V. I. , D'yakonov V. I. , Nepran I. V. , Mykhailenko V. O. , Havva D. V. , Bondarenko S. V. , Novosad K. B. , Kava L. P. , Yakovlev R. V. , Nemerytska L. V. , Golovan L. V. , Klymenko I. V.
Published: January 2020

The wandering of non-linear systems along the field of the possible development paths is one of the important characteristics of dynamic non-linear systems in synergetics. Insect populations are a complex of open biological systems with chaotic non-linear dynamics in space and time. Predicting their future development is not an easy task. Ignorance of the non-linear systems dynamics regularity is the cause of the repeated errors in predicting and, as a result, “sudden” appearances of “unexpected” and unpredictable mass reproductions of short-horned grasshoppers and locusts, winter moth, webworm beetle, sun pest and some other insect pests, the consequences of that are catastrophic for agriculture and forestry. In this article the authors analysed thoroughly the chronicles of the mass reproduction (wandering within the temporal and spatial limits of the natural habitat) of such species as short-horned grasshoppers and locusts, webworm beetle and sun pest. These pests have been known to mankind since time immemorial and they are extremely devastating.
Performance evaluation of released bread wheat varieties at mid altitude areas of Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Shibeshi S.
Published: January 2020

Bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the most important cereal occupying a protruding position among major food crops in the world in terms of acreage and production and is an important cereal crop which is receives the most attention of specialists in plant breeding and production in the world wide in general and in Ethiopia in particular. And also a number of improved bread wheat varieties have been released by different research centres for different agro-ecology in Ethiopia. Evaluate the performance of different bread wheat varieties at diverse agro-ecology is an important for effective selection of the variety. This experiment was conducted on ten bread wheat varieties against local check (Digalu) at Meskan and Dalocha wereda with the objective of identify and recommend high performance in terms of yield, insect pest tolerant, and stable varieties. The varieties were assigned in randomized complete block design with four replication. Data were collected on six major agronomic traits. Based on the mean separation, the highest average grain yield was recorded from Hidasse and Ogolcho varieties with 5210 and 5080 kg/ha respectively. However the lowest average yield (3220kg/ha) was recorded from Digalu variety. In both locations Digalu variety provided the lowest yield due to high susceptibility for stem rust. Statistically, the variety Hidasse gave the highest number of tillers per plant and the tallest spikes length at both locations those are positive contributions to grain yield. There were significantly positive and negative correlations between traits. In this study, it is found that there is 38.19% increment of yield for using Hidasse variety (high yielder) as compared to Digalu variety (low yielder) at the study area. Therefore, farmers located at the study areas are recommended to use Hidasse variety to increase bread wheat yield.
Influence of the photosynthetic productivity and seed productivity of white lupine plants
Authors: Mazur V. A. , Myalkovsky R. A. , Mazur K. V. , Pantsyreva H. V. , Alekseev O. O.
Published: January 2020

We studied the influence of complex application of inoculation and retardant on the formation of photosynthetic and seed productivity of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) plants seed varieties. The field research was conducted on the basis of the research farm “Agronomichne” of Vinnytsia National Agrarian University, village Agronomichne, Vinnytsa district, Vinnytsia region, Ukraine. Features of the growth and development of white lupine (Lupinus albus L.) plants are examined. There has been established a positive effect of the combination of inoculation with the bacterial agent and growth stimulator on the productivity of white lupine, which is important for the formation of high and stable yields. The papers presents the results of studies on the effect of pre-sowing seed treatment and foliar nutrion under conditions of the right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine on the photosynthetic apparatus of white lupine plants. It has been established that bacterial agents and growth stimulators increase white lupine seed productivity due to optimization of the studied technological methods of cultivation. The optimal leaf surface area that provided maximum grain yield has been determined. The research has established a positive effect of pre-sowing seed treatment with the bacterial agent Rhizohumin and the growth stimulator Emistym C and foliar nutrition with Emistym C on the contents of chlorophyll a + b, observed the maximum yield of the white lupine leaves. The influence of the investigated technological methods on the formation of the photosynthetic and chlorophyll synthesis in the leaves of white lupine has been proved. The preparations studied induce intensive development of the photosynthetic apparatus, yield increase, improvement of the yield structure and they improve grain quality under conditions of right-bank Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. The issue of seed bacterization and application of growth stimulators requires a more detailed study. Theefore, such researches are relevant and significance in terms of both practical and scientific value.
In vitro micropropagation and ex vitro rooting of some potato varieties
Authors: Durnikin D. A. , Kolpakov N. A. , Guseva K. Y. , Matsyura A. V.
Published: January 2020

The article presents the results on selection of optimal concentrations of nutrient media components and nutrient solution at the stages of clonal micropropagation of potato varieties Lyubava, Kemerovochanin, and Tuleevskiy (actual reproduction, rooting in vitro, adaptation to ex vitro conditions). The influence of some components of the nutrient medium (sucrose, agar-agar, growth regulators, namely α-naphthyl acetic acid, β-indolyl acetic acid, and β-indolyl propionic acid) was studied at the stages of reproduction and rooting in order to obtain regenerants of the studied potato varieties. The best development of plants on nutrient medium with addition of 4 g L-1 of agar-agar was revealed. The addition of sucrose in the concentration of 3-5% contributed to the formation of more internodes. The influence of naphthyl acetic acid, β-indolyl oil, and β-indolyl propionic acids in different concentrations on the rhizogenesis of regenerating plants of three potato varieties at the stages of reproduction and establishment of different types and concentrations of auxins was studied. The researches have shown that a one-stage method of adaptation of Solanum tuberosum L. varieties of Lyubava, Kemerovochanin, and Tuleevskiy to the conditions of ex vitro cultivation with the use of hydroponic installation is characterized by efficiency and allows to receive plants with well-developed root system. The efficiency of using the hydroponic plant for adaptation of potato regenerants at the final stage of micropropagation is shown.
Ecological trails in the specially protected natural areas of Altai Krai
Authors: Prudnikova N. G. , Ignatenko M. N. , Dudnik A. V.
Published: January 2020

The present paper provides results of studying the dynamics of ecological trails development in specially protected natural areas of Altai Krai. The study revealed the average number of the trails visitors, trail length, information content for educating students. Recommendations are given on the further development of this focus area and regular effective work on ecological trails. The authors identified the most attended ecological trails, studied the activities for schoolchildren and tourists on specially equipped trails in the wild. The article also examines the impact of the trails development on the environmental education of schoolchildren and the research work of students of the Department of Recreational Geography, Tourism and Regional Marketing of Altai State University (Geography Department) while developing the environmental routes.