bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilization of Solar Energy on 10 GT Fishing Vessels as Alternative Electricity Facilities at PPI Cituis Tangerang Regency
Authors: Sudjasta Bambang , Prayitno Sugeng , Hatuwe M. Rusdy
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study is to design or design a 10 GT fishing vessel for the territorial waters of Pakuhaji District, Tangerang Regency. This research is expected to provide benefits in getting the shape and size of fishing vessels that are suitable for the territorial waters, providing input to the Tangerang Regency Government, especially the Fisheries Service in the context of increasing the empowerment of fishing communities. The designed ship is planned to use materials / raw materials made of aluminum, fiberglass or wood. Material / raw material for the ship is still easy to find in the Greater Jakarta area. The design of the fishing vessel includes determining the basic size, making line drawings, preparing general plans, construction designs, stability diagrams, engine power, electricity, tonage and stability. The results of the maximum electricity demand is 495 Watt, 2 solar panels, and 3 batteries / batteries
The Effect of Angle Variation in the Model V Blade on the Savonius-Type Vertical Axis Wind Turbine's Performance
Authors: Hardi Witono , Tawary Zulkifli S. , Harbelubun Moh.Muzni
Published: December 2021

In this study, the researcher applied an experimental method to examine the performance of theSavonius-type turbine, in which variations in the blade angle were 85°, 95°, 105°, 110°, 115°, and 125°, variations in wind speed were 3 and 4.1 m/s, and variations in balancing force were 0.4 and 0.9 kg. The results showed that, of the five examined variations of the blade angle, the 125° blade produced the highest rotation (n) compared to the others. It generated 115.3 rpm but without a balanced force. Furthermore, the turbine performance at a wind speed (V) of 4.1 m/s, a balancing force (F) of 0.9 kg, and a blade angle of 125° produced the rotational speed (n) of 69.6 rpm, the turbine power (Pt) of 6.43 watts, the torque (T) of 1.765 N.m, the tip-speed ratio (λ) of 0.355, and the turbine efficiency 66.22%. Meanwhile, at a wind speed of 3 m/s, a balancing force (F) of 0.9 kg, and a blade angle of 125°, it generated the rotational speed (n) of 28.6 rpm, the turbine power (Pt) of 2.64 watts, the torque (T) of 1.765 N.m, the tip-speed ratio (λ) of 0.146, and the turbine efficiency 69.47%.
Deflection Of Reinforced Concrete Beam Cfrp Bar With U-Wrap Cfrp Sheet as Shear Reinforcement
Authors: Kusnadi Kusnadi , Irmawaty Rita , Rauf Ichsan
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to understand the deflection behavior of reinforced concrete beams using GFRP bar as flexural reinforcement and GFRP sheet as shear reinforcement. The tested beams with dimensions of span length were 3000 mm, width of 150 mm and height of 250 mm of concrete quality f'c.25 MPa. The beams use GFRP bar 3D13 as flexural reinforcement and U-wrap GFRP sheet 50 mm wide with a distance of 100 mm. U-wrap GFRP sheet shear reinforcement is only installed in shear spans. The beam is loaded with two concentrated loads monotonically until it collapses. The test results show that the loaddeflection relationship of GFRP bar reinforced concrete beams with external shear reinforcement of U-wrap GFRP sheet shows two linear curve patterns. The results of the analysis show that the ACI-440.1R-06 approximation equation can be used to accurately predict the deflection in the middle of the GFRP bar reinforced concrete beam with external shear reinforcement from U-wrap GFRP sheet.
Semi-Markov model for the Kaplan preventive repair system for water turbines with periodic inspection of the technical condition
Authors: Migawa Klaudiusz , Sołtysiak Agnieszka , Czyżewska Magda , Borowski Sylwester , Woropay Maciej
Published: December 2021

The paper presents a semi-Markow model of a preventive repair system by age, implemented in hydroelectric power plants with Kaplan turbines. In the case of the analyzed technical objects, the profit per time unit is considered as the criterion of the quality of functioning. On the basis of the adopted assumptions, for the developed mathematical model, formulas describing the criterion function were determined and the conditions for the existence of the extreme (maximum) of this function were formulated. The proposed method makes it possible to determine the optimal time for preventive repair of the considered technical objects. The theoretical considerations presented in the work are illustrated by a computational example developed on the basis of data obtained from the actual operating system of Kaplan water turbines with a rated power of 120 kW.
A review of acoustic aspect in synthetic jet
Authors: Szyca Mikołaj , Smyk Emil
Published: December 2021

The synthetic jet actuators are promising heat transfer enhancement devices. They are used in active cooling systems and the future may replace classic fan systems. Although the flow and the heat transfer parameters are very important, these devices must be quiet enough to be used in offices and other spaces. In this paper, the acoustic investigations of the synthetic jet are compiled and discussed. The impact of actuators design on generated noise and the possible ways to noise decreasing are presented. In the end, the list of gaps and challenges are presented for laying down the foundation for future research.
Settlement of post accident reapir costs – wrapped zone and rent a car
Authors: Baranowski Szymon , Jarzyna Tomasz , Dluhunovych Natalia , Mazurkiewicz Adam , Boykov Vladimir
Published: December 2021

Increasingly, with the purchase of a new vehicle, users want to protect their vehicle from exploitation, but also use it to advertise their activities. While the application of the foil on a new vehicle after factory painting is much simpler, a bigger problem occurs in the event of a loss due to third party liability of the perpetrator. In relation to such a vehicle, the cost of settling the repair is much higher than in the case of an unsealed vehicle. It is related, inter alia, with the costs of renting a replacement vehicle. The period between varnishing and the possibility of re-application of the foil may constitute a significant part of the total lease. The article presents the issues related to the settlement of rental costs in relation to a wrapped vehicle after damage.
Elements of photovoltaic system design method
Authors: Landowski Bogdan , Chisiński Kamil , Muślewski Łukasz
Published: December 2021

The study presents selected elements of a design method for renewable energy system based on photovoltaic technology. The main problems involved in the so called 500kW photovoltaic farm are discussed. Examples of a few general concepts of photovoltaic farm systems are presented. Exemplary criteria for the concept selection are proposed. The main components to be used in a photovoltaic farm are presented, and some stages of the photovoltaic farm design are characterized.
Optimising post- collision repair costs with the use of the audanet system with 3d intelligent graphics
Authors: Aleksandrowicz Iwo , Aleksandrowicz Piotr
Published: December 2021

Transporting people and goods poses a risk of participating in road collisions which results in damage to be eliminated to bring the car back to operation. When running a business, it is essential to optimise the repair costs. Also, the insurance companies search for repair cost determination methods adequately to the damage incurred. Currently the post-collision cost calculations are supported by specialised IT tools offering various spare parts assortments to be used for repair, painting methods as well as the process of technological replacement of the elements damaged. Cars, due to their complex structure, require a new approach to the process of determining the size of damage and the resulting repair cost. The article covers the problem of optimising the post-collision repair costs while using 3D Intelligent Graphics of AudaNet. The procedures presented in the article can be used by researchers modelling technological post-collision repair processes and they are applicable.
Modelling and Simulation of Machining Attributes in dry Turning of Aircraft Materials Nimonic C263 using CBN
Authors: Senthil Kumar Srinivasan , Sudeshkumar Moranahalli Ponnusamy , Ezilarasan Chakaravarthy , Palani Sivaprakasam , Veerasundaram Jayaseelan
Published: December 2021

In the current scenario, machinability of the super alloys is of greater importance in an aircraft turbine engine and land-based turbine applications owing to its superior properties. However, the machinability of these alloys is found to be poor owing to its inherent properties. Hence, a predictive model has been developed based on DEFORM 3D to forecast the machining attributes such as cutting force and insert's cutting edge temperature in turning of Nimonic C263 super alloy. The dry turning trials on Nimonic C263 material were carried out based on L27 orthogonal array using CBN insert. Linear regression models were developed to predict the machining attributes. Further, multi response optimization was carried out based on desirability approach for optimizing the machining attributes. The validation test was carried out for optimal parameter values such as cutting speed: 117 m/min, feed rate: 0.055 mm/rev and depth of cut: 0.25 mm. The minimum cutting force of 304N and insert's cutting edge temperature of 468 °C were obtained at optimum level of parameters.The predicted values by FEA and linear regression model were compared with experimental results and found to be closer with minimum percentage error.The minimum percentage error obtained by FEA and linear regression model for the machining attributes (cutting force, temperature) as compared with experimental values were (0.32%, 0.23%) and (2.34%, 1.63%) respectively.
The effect of pumpkin seed cake and ground cloves (Syzygium aromaticum) supplementation on gastrointestinal nematode egg shedding in sheep
Authors: Ježek Jožica , Mirtič Karmen , Rešetič Nina , Hodnik Jaka Jakob , Vergles Rataj Aleksandra
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of feed additives (pumpkin seed cake and cloves) on the egg excretion of gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in sheep. Thirty ewes naturally infected with GIN were randomly selected from a flock and assigned to the following groups of 10 animals each: clove group (received 1.8 g ground cloves/ewe/day, for 7 days), pumpkin seed cake group (200 g pumpkin seed cake/ewe/day, for 7 days) and control group. Before starting the study, on day 0, and 5 days after the 7-day supplementation, on day 12, the body condition and FAMACHA scores were assessed and individual faecal egg counts (FEC) were performed. The mean body condition and the FAMACHA scores did not change significantly between day 0 and 12 with the exception of a significantly deteriorated FAMACHA score in the clove group. The percentage reduction of FEC was 40.7% on day 12 in the clove group and 52.9% in the pumpkin seed cake group. In the control group, FEC increased by 8.7%. A coproculture of faecal samples from four of the most infected animals on day 0 revealedTrichostrongylusspp. larvae L3 in all four selected ewes,Ostertagiaspp. andCooperiaspp. in three andHaemonchus contortusin one ewe. These results are promising and encourage further studies aimed to evaluate the possibility that these plant supplements could be a complementary method for parasite control, thus reducing the need for chemotherapy.
Current concepts in the assessment and management of multiligament injuries of the knee
Authors: Scheepers Waldo , Khanduja Vikas , Held Michael
Published: December 2021

Multiligament knee injuries (MLKIs), though rare, pose significant challenges to the patient and surgeon. They often occur in the setting of high-velocity trauma and are frequently associated with concomitant intra- and extra-articular injuries, the most immediately devastating of which is vascular compromise. A detailed evaluation is required when acute or chronic MLKIs are suspected, and stress radiography, MRI and angiography are valuable adjuncts to a thorough clinical examination. Surgical treatment is widely regarded as superior to non-surgical management and has been demonstrated to improve functional outcome scores, return to work, and return to sport rates, though the incidence of post-traumatic osteoarthritis remains high in affected knees. However, acceptable results have been obtained with conservative management in populations where surgical intervention is not feasible. Early arthroscopic single-stage reconstruction is currently the mainstay of treatment for these injuries, but some recent comparative studies have found no significant differences in outcomes. Recent trends in the literature on MLKIs seem to favour early surgery over delayed surgery, though both methods have distinct advantages and disadvantages. Due to the heterogeneity of the injury and the diversity of patient factors, treatment needs to be individualised, and a single best approach with regards to the timing of surgery, repair versus reconstruction, surgical technique and surgical principles cannot be advocated. There is much controversy in the literature surrounding these topics. Early post-operative rehabilitation remains one of the most important positive prognostic factors in surgical management and requires a dedicated team-based approach. Though outcomes of MLKIs are generally favourable, complications are abundant and precautionary measures should be implemented where possible. Low resource settings are faced with unique challenges, necessitating adaptability and pragmatism in tailoring a management strategy capable of achieving comparable outcomes.
„Liebe“ und „Zärtlichkeit“ als subjektive Bedürfnisse psychiatrischer Patienten
Authors: Juckel Georg , Mavrogiorgou Paraskevi
Published: December 2021

Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Einschränkung des Dialogprinzips und der Ausrichtung auf einen anderen durch die psychiatrische Erkrankung als primäre Verursachung der scheinbaren Abwesenheit von „Liebe“ und „Zärtlichkeit“ bei den Patienten zu sehen, auch wenn sich diese Gefühle und Impulse im Rahmen von Psychopathologie und Pathophysiologie der jeweiligen psychiatrischen Erkrankung in veränderter, meist in selbstbezüglicher Weise zeigen. Erst wenn in behutsamer psychiatrisch-psychotherapeutischer Behandlung die Orientierung auf einen anderen, z. B. den Therapeuten, gelingt, kann der Betroffene wieder beginnen, eine Brücke zu einem Mitmenschen zu schlagen und damit offen zu werden für echte bilaterale Liebesbeziehungen.
„COVID-19” und „Angst und virtuelle Realität“
Authors: Sommer Claudia
Published: December 2021

Das Thema COVID-19 und neurologische Erkrankungen lässt uns so schnell nicht los. Nach unserem Themenheft im Juni dieses Jahres greifen Gülke und Gerloff das Thema im aktuellen Heft noch einmal auf, mit einem instruktiven Fallbeispiel, und setzten den Fokus auf die Auswirkungen einer COVID-19 Erkrankung bei Patienten mit neurologischen Vorerkrankungen 1. Die neurologischen Symptome bei COVID-19 Erkrankung werden derzeit durch verschiedene Pathomechanismen erklärt: a) Direkte Bindung an ACE2-Rezeptoren und somit Funktionsstörung von Neuronen, die solche Rezeptoren exprimieren, b) Hyperkoagulabilität und c) der Zytokinsturm, der auch für die schwere Lungenbeteiligung verantwortlich gemacht wird 2. Anosmie und Ageusie, Schlaganfälle und Enzephalopathie sind somit pathophysiologisch plausible und inzwischen in der internationalen Literatur gut beschriebene Komplikationen der COVID-19 Erkrankung. Im peripheren Nervensystem kommen noch einige Erkrankungen dazu. Eine Critical-illness Neuropathie ist eine häufige Komplikation bei allen intensivmedizinisch behandelten Patienten, insbesondere, wenn auch eine Sepsis vorliegt 3, und somit auch bei COVID-19 erkrankten Intensivpatienten. Ob das Guillain-Barré-Syndrom (GBS, oder akute inflammatorische demyelinisierende Polyradikuloneuropathie (AIDP)) im Zusammenhang mit COVID-19 Erkrankungen häufiger vorkommt als sonst, wird in der Literatur kontrovers diskutiert, während z. B. der Anstieg von GBS-Fällen in endemischen Gebieten der ZIKA-Erkrankung vor einigen Jahren eindeutig war 4. Im Zusammenhang mit COVID-19 Erkrankung wurde in Großbritannien sogar ein Rückgang der GBS-Fälle beobachtet 5, während eine rezente Metaanalyse ein erhöhtes GBS-Risiko nach COVID-19 Erkrankung fand 6. Auch Fälle von neuaufgetretenen neuropathisch oder myogen verursachten Schmerzen nach COVID-19 Erkrankung sind beschrieben worden 7. Ein interessantes Phänomen ist die vorübergehende Hyp- oder Analgesie unter und nach COVID-19 Erkrankung, für die man einen ähnlichen Mechanismus annimmt wie für die Anosmie. Hierzu wurde kürzlich eine Fallserie publiziert 8, und auch wir konnten einen solchen Fall beobachten 9. Aus den vielfältigen Wirkungen von SARS-CoV-2 und der COVID-19 Erkrankung auf das Nervensystem werden wir also noch viele pathophysiologische Erkenntnisse ziehen können. Ein großes Rätsel sind weiterhin die Symptome des Post-COVID-19-Syndroms, insbesondere Fatigue und die kognitiven Störungen 1.
Die Liebe als innerseelischer Protest
Authors: Eirund Wolfgang
Published: December 2021

Es wird diskutiert, inwiefern eine wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit dem Phänomen der „Liebe“ überhaupt möglich ist. Dabei werden Schwierigkeiten in der Definition des Begriffs sowie einem wissenschaftlich fundierten Verständnis des Phänomens der Liebe aufgezeigt. Diese liegen weniger in der Breite seiner nicht nur fachlichen Anwendung, sondern vor allem in einem Wesenszug dessen begründet, was die Liebe als aktive Intention ausmacht. Vor dem Hintergrund dessen wird das Erleben von Liebe in den Kontext der Lebensspanne gestellt. Abschließend wird eine Deutung von Liebe vorgeschlagen, die sie weniger im Sinne eines definierbaren psychologischen Phänomens versteht, sondern eine Bedeutung als Metapher impliziert, die sich der menschlichen Erkenntnis seiner physischen Endlichkeit grundsätzlich entgegenstellt. Vor diesem Hintergrund wird die Liebe als Idee eines seelischen Protestes interpretiert, der sich ähnlich einem künstlerischen Prozess zwar weiterhin einer strengen wissenschaftlichen oder gar naturwissenschaftlichen Definition entzieht, ihm aber dennoch einen Platz in der psychotherapeutischen Arbeit einräumt.
Elterncoaching digital – Umgang mit Ängsten
Authors: Nock Hermine
Published: December 2021

Gerade in Pandemiezeiten brauchen Eltern von chronisch (herz-)kranken Kindern jemanden, der ihre Sorgen wahrnimmt und ihnen dabei hilft, Ängste abzubauen. Der Bundesverband Herzkranke Kinder e. V. bietet dafür ein spezielles Onlinecoaching an.
Ist Sexismus ein Forschungsthema in der Gesundheitsversorgung?
Authors: Berger Uwe
Published: December 2021

Vor kurzem kam eine Medizinstudentin zu mir und fragte nach einer Betreuungsmöglichkeit einer Doktorarbeit zum Thema Sexismus im Klinikalltag. Obwohl ich das Thema spontan spannend fand, taten sich mir sofort auch eine Reihe von Fragen auf: Geht es dabei um sexuelle Belästigung von Patienten gegenüber Pflegepersonal? Um verbale oder tätliche sexuelle Übergriffe von Lehr- und Ausbildungspersonen auf Studierende oder Auszubildende? Um unterschiedliche Karriere-Chancen von Männern und Frauen in der Medizin? Gibt es dazu bereits Studien und schließlich: Was genau bedeutet eigentlich Sexismus?
Systematic investigation of density incrustation at low-Z/high-Z interfaces in HED systems
Authors: Das M. , Bhattacharya C.
Published: December 2021

A systematic investigation of the phenomenon of density incrustation was done by performing radiation hydrodynamics simulations at the interface of low-Z and high-Z materials. In this work, a high-Z material was maintained at a very high temperature compared to an adjacent low-Z material. This led to propagation of heat wave and shock wave into the low-Z medium. Rarefaction of the high-Z interface was arrested by a shock compressed low-Z medium. A sharp increase in density (density incrustation) was observed in rarefying high-Z plasmas at the interface. Density incrustation was not observed when rarefaction in the high-Z material occurred in the absence of the adjacent low-Z medium or when the radiation drive was incident on the low-Z material transmitting heat wave and shock wave into the high-Z material. The effect of the radiation drive, opacity, and equation of state on density incrustation at the interfaces of different high-Z (Au, U, and Pb) and low-Z (CH, Be, and Al) materials was studied. We observed that the height of incrustation depends on the temperature of the radiation drive, density, and opacity of the low-Z arrester material. This work has significance in the design of inertial confinement fusion systems wherein peaking of density in rarefying high-Z plasmas increases the Atwood number, contributing toward the growth of Rayleigh–Taylor instability at the interface.
Numerical simulation of single bubble growth and heat transfer considering multi-parameter influence during nucleate pool boiling of water
Authors: Li Jingwen , Yang Zhen , Duan Yuanyuan
Published: December 2021

Nucleate boiling is an essential heat exchange method in industry. Due to the complicated mechanisms of the boiling process, prediction of its heat transfer performance has always been challenging. Studying the growth and heat transfer characteristics of a single bubble is of great significance for understanding the internal mechanisms of nucleate boiling. In this paper, single bubble growth in saturated pool boiling was numerically studied. The microlayer evaporation at the bubble base was calculated and added to the simulation via UDFs. The effects of contact angle, wall superheat, and microlayer initial thickness distribution were investigated. The results show that a thinner microlayer has a greater evaporation rate, resulting in an increased bubble growth rate and departure diameter. The bubble growth rate, departure time, and departure diameter increase with the increase in the contact angle and wall superheat. As the wall superheat increases, there is a competition between microlayer evaporation and phase interface evaporation, which ultimately leads to an extremum of the total contribution of microlayer evaporation to bubble growth. The heat transferred by microlayer evaporation accounts for at least 67.3% and up to 83.6% of the bubble's latent heat at departure, indicating that microlayer evaporation has a significant impact on bubble growth.
Size effect of the Ge2Sb2Te5 cell atop the silicon nitride O-ring resonator on the attenuation coefficient
Authors: Lazarenko Petr , Kovalyuk Vadim , An Pavel , Prokhodtsov Aleksey , Golikov Alexander , Sherchenkov Aleksey , Kozyukhin Sergey , Fradkin Ilia , Chulkova Galina , Goltsman Gregory
Published: December 2021

We have studied transmission spectra of a silicon nitride O-ring resonator with a Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin-film cover. We have performed numerical simulations of the transmission, absorption, reflection, and scattering for the GST cells of various thicknesses and lengths and have also measured transmission spectra O-ring resonators for GST cells of various length and phase states. An analysis of the changes in the Q-factors has enabled us to identify the region of the GST cells where light scattering and absorption dominate and find the size dependence of amorphous and crystalline GST attenuation coefficients. The demonstrated results pave the way to high energy-efficient on-chip devices of a small footprint that can be switched either optically or electrically.
Resolving surface potential variation in Ge/MoS2 heterostructures with Kelvin probe force microscopy
Authors: Woo Sanguk , Yoo Jinkyoung , Magginetti David J. , Bilgin Ismail , Kar Swastik , Yoon Heayoung P. , Yoon Yohan
Published: December 2021

In this work, we employ an atomic force microscopy-based technique, Kelvin probe force microscopy, to analyze heterogeneities of four different 2D/3D Ge/MoS2 heterostructures with Ge chemical vapor deposition (CVD) time. High-contrast spatially resolved contact potential difference (CPD) maps reveal the evolution of the samples by Ge deposition. The CPD map in an as-prepared sample does not display any heterogeneity, but CPD contrasts along the grain boundaries are obviously noticed as Ge is deposited on MoS2. With a sufficiently long Ge CVD deposition time, strong grain-to-grain CPD variations over the 2D/3D heterostructures are observed. The results show the variations of the work function from grain to grain that are attributed to the strain induced by the Ge island formation on the cracked MoS2 initiated by sulfur vacancies.
Parallel genomic responses to historical climate change and high elevation in East Asian songbirds
Authors: Cheng Yalin , Miller Matthew J. , Zhang Dezhi , Xiong Ying , Hao Yan , Jia Chenxi , Cai Tianlong , Li Shou-Hsien , Johansson Ulf S. , Liu Yang , Chang Yongbin , Song Gang , Qu Yanhua , Lei Fumin
Published: December 2021

Significance

A reduction in heterozygosity may limit the opportunity for species facing the same selective pressures to evolve parallel adaptation. Examining 19 East Asian tits’ genomes, we find a pattern of lower heterozygosity in western endemics compared with that found in both eastern endemics and widespread taxa, consistent with expectations of demographic contraction driven by late-Pleistocene climate fluctuations. Comparisons among both endemic and widespread tits find disproportionate levels of genetic differentiation between pairs of lowland and highland tits in genomic regions that are enriched for genes that may be associated with the oxygen transport cascade and/or thermogenesis. However, evolution did not occur in the same genes, and populations with higher heterozygosity did not show higher levels of parallel evolution as predicted.
Representation learning of RNA velocity reveals robust cell transitions
Authors: Qiao Chen , Huang Yuanhua
Published: December 2021

Significance

The recently introduced RNA velocity methods, by leveraging the intrinsic RNA splicing process, have shown their unique capability of identifying the directionality of the cell differentiation trajectory. However, due to the minimal amount of unspliced RNA contents, the estimation of RNA velocity suffers from high noise and may result in less reliable trajectories. Here, we present Velocity Autoencoder (VeloAE), a tailored autoencoder to denoise RNA velocity for more accurate quantification of cell transitions. Through various biological systems, we demonstrate its effectiveness for correcting the inferred trajectory and its interpretability for linking the learned dimensions to underlying biological processes.
Temporal variation of planetary iron as a driver of evolution
Authors: Wade Jon , Byrne David J. , Ballentine Chris J. , Drakesmith Hal
Published: December 2021

Iron is an irreplaceable component of proteins and enzyme systems required for life. This need for iron is a well-characterized evolutionary mechanism for genetic selection. However, there is limited consideration of how iron bioavailability, initially determined by planetary accretion but fluctuating considerably at global scale over geological time frames, has shaped the biosphere. We describe influences of iron on planetary habitability from formation events >4 Gya and initiation of biochemistry from geochemistry through oxygenation of the atmosphere to current host–pathogen dynamics. By determining the iron and transition element distribution within the terrestrial planets, planetary core formation is a constraint on both the crustal composition and the longevity of surface water, hence a planet’s habitability. As such, stellar compositions, combined with metallic core-mass fraction, may be an observable characteristic of exoplanets that relates to their ability to support life. On Earth, the stepwise rise of atmospheric oxygen effectively removed gigatons of soluble ferrous iron from habitats, generating evolutionary pressures. Phagocytic, infectious, and symbiotic behaviors, dating from around the Great Oxygenation Event, refocused iron acquisition onto biotic sources, while eukaryotic multicellularity allows iron recycling within an organism. These developments allow life to more efficiently utilize a scarce but vital nutrient. Initiation of terrestrial life benefitted from the biochemical properties of abundant mantle/crustal iron, but the subsequent loss of iron bioavailability may have been an equally important driver of compensatory diversity. This latter concept may have relevance for the predicted future increase in iron deficiency across the food chain caused by elevated atmospheric CO
2
.
Nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA facilitates SARS-CoV-2 infection in human pulmonary cells
Authors: Chen Jian , Fan Jun , Chen Zhilu , Zhang Miaomiao , Peng Haoran , Liu Jian , Ding Longfei , Liu Mingbin , Zhao Chen , Zhao Ping , Zhang Shuye , Zhang Xiaoyan , Xu Jianqing
Published: December 2021

Significance

SARS-CoV-2 primarily targets the lung and enters the body through ACE2 receptors. However, the expression of ACE2 is extremely low in the airways. In this study, we utilized APEX2 proximity-labeling techniques and identified nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (MYH9) as an ACE2 coreceptor to promote SARS-CoV-2 infection of human lung cells, as well as infection of pan-coronavirus. We demonstrated that MYH9 colocalized with SARS-CoV-2 S primarily at the membrane, which interacts with the S2 subunit and the S1-NTD subunit through its C-terminal domain, and enhances SARS-CoV-2 entry in an ACE2-dependent manner. Our results define MYH9 as a key host factor that facilitates SARS-CoV-2 and pan-coronavirus infection, which may serve as a potential target for future clinical intervention strategies.
“Very easy, it’s an English class, therefore they should not rely on a French text”
Authors: Payant Caroline , Bell Philippa
Published: December 2021

In the context of additional language (AL) learning, teachers need to focus on the development of language
proficiency as well as on high-level literacy skills, for example, comprehending and evaluating information and creating new
meaning. From a plurilingual perspective, AL learners’ first language (L1) is conceputalised as a useful tool in the development of
target language proficiency; however, limited information exists concerning AL teachers’ beliefs towards the use of the L1 for
high-level literacy instruction despite its potential utility for complex skill development. The aim of the present exploratory
study was to examine the beliefs of in-service teachers of English as an additional language (EAL) working in the Quebec primary
and secondary school system in francophone Canada regarding plurilingual approaches for classroom literacy practices and to
uncover the factors that influence their beliefs. An online survey was distributed to in-service EAL teachers
(N = 57) working in the province of Quebec, Canada. Findings suggest that teachers believe that it is most
beneficial to adopt a monolingual lens to literacy instruction, a belief that denies learners’ use of their L1 and this, in a
bilingual country. Implications for teacher education programs that challenge a monolingual lens are explored.
Simultaneous interpretation of complex structures from English into Arabic
Authors: El-Zawawy Amr M.
Published: December 2021

A complex sentence is described as such by virtue of its multiple constituents which vary from clauses, subclauses
to phrases. English and Arabic linguistic literature includes references to the issue of syntactic complexity, yet the approaches
are different. The present study seeks to investigate how Arab simultaneous interpreters translating from English into Arabic deal
with syntactically complex structures. To achieve this goal, the final debate between Hillary Clinton and Donald Trump is selected
as the test-ground. The study finds that simultaneous interpreters operating from English into Arabic deal with complex structures
in different ways by adopting and adjusting their strategies. The dominant strategy is linearization, which is triggered by the
need to translate under time pressure. This strategy also unloads the simultaneous interpreter’s cognitive burden. Yet complete
linearization is impossible, since omission and compression may interfere as in the case of embedding and ‘that’ structures. Other
strategies, particularly addition and chunking, are also observable, being applied when interpreters find themselves faced with
asyndetic structures and multiple embedding.
Constraining positron emission from pulsar populations with AMS-02 data
Authors: Orusa Luca , Manconi Silvia , Donato Fiorenza , Di Mauro Mattia
Published: December 2021

The cosmic-ray flux of positrons is measured with high precision by the space-borne particle spectrometer AMS-02. The hypothesis that pulsar wind nebulae (PWNe) can significantly contribute to the excess of the positron (e+) cosmic-ray flux has been consolidated after the observation of a γ-ray emission at TeV energies of a few degree size around Geminga and Monogem PWNe.

In this work we undertake massive simulations of galactic pulsars populations, adopting different distributions for their position in the Galaxy, intrinsic physical properties, pair emission models, in order to overcome the
incompleteness of the ATNF catalog. We fit the e+ AMS-02 data together with a secondary component due to collisions of primary cosmic rays with the interstellar medium.
We find that several mock galaxies have a pulsar population able to explain the observed e+ flux, typically by few, bright sources. We determine the physical parameters of the pulsars dominating the e+ flux, and assess the impact of different assumptions on radial distributions, spin-down properties, Galactic propagation scenarios and e+ emission time.
Chapter 6 Multimessenger Physics *
Authors: Li Zhuo , Di Sciascio Giuseppe , Gou Quan-Bu , Guo Yi-Qing , He Hao-Ning , Liu Ruo-Yu , Wang Kai
Published: December 2021

Combining observations of multi-messengers help in boosting the sensitivity of astrophysical source searches, and probe various aspects of the source physics. In this chapter we discuss how LHAASO observations of very high energy (VHE) gamma rays in combination with telescopes for the other messengers can help in solving the origins of VHE neutrinos and galactic and extragalactic cosmic rays.
Nanostructuring at oblique incidence deposition of cobalt
Authors: Akulov A A , Trushin O S , Popov A A , Pestova A N , Mazaletsky L A , Lomov A A
Published: December 2021

Nanocolumnar Co thin films growth by oblique angle deposition on Si substrate is experimentally studied. Formation of regular arrays of tilted Co nanocolumns has been observed at incidence angles more than 70°. It was found that the optimal conditions for nanostructuring are realized at the inclination angle 85°. As obtained films have magnetic anisotropy axis inclined to the substrate surface and oriented along nanocolumns. Such films might be perspective material for applications as a magnetic recording media for next generations of hard disks.
Magnetron sputtered TiO2 with metal NPs for plasmonic applications
Authors: Konev D , Kazakin A , Vorobyev A , Enns Y , Kuznetsov A , Kondrateva A , Mishin M
Published: December 2021

This work is aimed at finding the optimal technological modes for the deposition of TiO2 films by reactive magnetron sputtering for use as a photoactive material in plasmonic applications. The structural and optical parameters of films obtained at different ratios of oxygen in a mixture of working gases were studied. On the basis of the obtained experimental results, a numerical simulation of the spectral characteristics of the TiO2 / NP structure of the metals silver and gold was carried out.
Investigation of the features of the porous morphology of anodic alumina films at the initial stage of anodization
Authors: Chernyakova K V , Muratova E N , Vrublevsky I A , Lushpa N V
Published: December 2021

The work is devoted to the study of the porous structure formation of anodic alumina films at the initial stage of aluminium anodizing. SEM images of the surface morphology of the oxalic acid anodic films were analyzed. It was shown that at the initial stage, both major and minor pores are formed, the diameter ratio of which is about 1.16 and does not depend on the anodizing voltage. The results obtained indicate that the minor pores in the anodic films are located inside hexagonal cells composed of the major pores.
Investigation of near-surface layer dislocation density of lithium niobate single crystal wafers using chemical etching
Authors: Ponomarev R S , Sosunov A V , Semenova O R , Prokhorov N P , Kuneva M
Published: December 2021

Using chemical etching it was shown that the density of dislocation in lithium niobate (LN) single crystal wafers is higher near the surface in depth about 20 um than in the depth of crystal. It caused to change of diffusion coefficient during the waveguide formation with proton exchange (PE) method and can increase DC-drift of intensity optical modulators based on PE-waveguides.
Influence of ultrasonic treatment on the change of monocrystalline silicon defective region
Authors: Solovyev A A , Rybin V V , Kulagin A V
Published: December 2021

The article presents the results of an experimental study of ultrasonic action on monocrystalline silicon samples. The influence of the processing modes on the surface strength of the material under study was found.
Raman analysis of the crystallinity degree for the local regions in Ge2Sb2Te5 films after laser exposure at different parameters
Authors: Tolkach N M , Vishnyakov N V , Yakubov A O , Sudakova A U , Trofimov E S , Sherchenkov A A
Published: December 2021

The evaluation of the crystallinity degree for the local regions in Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) thin films after phase state transformation by laser pulses at 405 nm wavelength was analyzed using the Raman spectroscopy. The modes of laser radiation for controlling the reflectivity and transmissivity at 1550 nm telecommunication wavelength of the local regions in the GST film were established. The results obtained make it possible to implement the method of the completely optical control of the multilevel modulation of the optical signals for the integrated optics devices.
Investigation of resistive switching in Ag/Ge/Si(001) stack by conductive atomic force microscopy
Authors: Vorontsov V A , Antonov D A , Kruglov A V , Antonov I N , Shenina M E , Kotomina V E , Shengurov V G , Denisov S A , Chalkov V Yu , Pavlov D A , Filatov D O , Gorshkov O N
Published: December 2021

We report on an experimental study of resistive switching (RS) of individual dislocations in Ag/Ge/Si(001) memristors by combined grazing incidence ion sputtering of the Ag electrodes and application of Conductive Atomic Force Microscopy to provide an electrical contact to individual Ag-filled dislocations in the Ge layer. Two types of RS were observed corresponding to two different RS mechanisms: (i) drift of Ag+ ions inside the dislocation cores and (ii) RedOx reactions in residual GeO
x
in the etch pits on the Ge layer surface.
Monolithic transistor switch for microwave radiometry
Authors: Tikhomirov V G , Solov’ev Yu V , Gudkov A G , Popov M K , Chizhikov S V
Published: December 2021

Modern medical microwave diagnostic equipment requires the application of solutions related to the compactness of the developed devices and high performance. Ensuring these requirements is possible by using a modern semiconductor component base based on A3B5 compounds. One of the promising materials for this purpose is gallium nitride. The paper presents the design and manufacturing technology of one of the main control elements of the microwave signal in microwave radiothermometer - monolithic AlGaN/GaN/SiC HEMT SPDT transistor switch.
LK-5 glass surface modification by glass blowing method based on microsystem technology
Authors: Dzhinikashvili A , Enns Y , Kleimanov R , Kazakin A
Published: December 2021

This paper considers the possibility of modifying the surface LK-5 glass by glass blowing methods to solve the problems of creating an atomic clock and ensuring a controlled distribution of metal nanoparticles on its surface. The evolution of the formation of a spherical profile of a glass surface on a hermetically welded cavity in a glass-silicon system was studied experimentally and theoretically. Also, the possibility of modifying the spatial parameters of arrays of nanoparticles distributed on the glass surface has been demonstrated. The obtained experimental and theoretical data demonstrate sufficient convergence.
Four-point probe stand for magnetoresistance measurement of unpatterned sample
Authors: Pestova A N , Trushin O S
Published: December 2021

An experimental stand for express diagnostics of multilayer spin tunnel structures has been developed. The current-in-plane tunnelling method (CIPT) requires no processing, is fast, and provides reliable data which are reflective of the deposition only. The stand is based on the four-probe method for measuring resistance at external alternating magnetic field. This technique can be applied after only a short processing route, thereby saving time and resources, and reducing the potential for damaging the junction.
Method for reducing phase fluctuations of a precision frequency response meter for microwave quantum generators
Authors: Vodopyanov M A , Menzorov K A , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu
Published: December 2021

The principle of operation of the device for measuring frequency characteristics is considered. Block diagram of a device for measuring the frequency characteristics of a digital frequency comparator with correlation quadrature processing and description of their components is illustrated. The block diagram of the frequency multiplier is given. The accuracy characteristics of the developed meter design are evaluated. They are compared with the characteristics of previously used devices. The Improve accuracy characteristics and increased stability of operation were found.
Features of Degradation of Silicon-based Solar Photovoltavic Cells
Authors: Boudjemila Linda , Davydov V V , Malyshkin V G , Rud V Y
Published: December 2021

This work intends to present a method for efficient analysis of the phenomenon of degradation in photovoltaic cells in Saint Petersburg (Russia) and Algiers (Algeria). The data used contain weather parameters (T°, wind, solar radiation) for 10 years. The rates of degradation of Si- photovoltaic cells were obtained from the data. It was noted from the results of comparing various data that the main factor in the formation of the degradation process is the technology of manufacturing photovoltaic cells.
A comprehensive study of current-crowding effect in high power vertical AlInGaN LEDs under high pulsed current
Authors: Ivanov A E , Aladov A V , Atalnishnikh N , Chernyakov A E , Zakgeim A L
Published: December 2021

The goal of the study is examination of current-crowding effect in high power AlInGaN LEDs. This effect was presented by mapping of EL (electroluminescence) near filed under high pulse current. LED chip of vertical design was study in high range of current (10−9 ÷ 70A). This operating mode of LEDs are interesting for different applications, such as pumping lasers, VLC and LiFi, as well as for investigation accelerated degradation process of LEDs.
Optimization of the profile and material of wire contacts for an IR photodetector
Authors: Kamarchuk A V , Bauman D A , Marchenko A I
Published: December 2021

The study is devoted to the influence of the choice of geometry and materials of wire contacts on the reflection coefficient and thermal characteristics of the photodetector and the quality of the device design. The process of diffusion of materials of wire contacts and contact pads on a photodetector crystal is investigated. The studies were carried out on samples that are rather small in size (250x250x400 um). During the experiment, 4 main types of loop geometry were selected (main loop, reverse loop, double reverse loop, long loop). The loops were formed using a gold wire 25 μm in diameter. The quality of microwelds was investigated in 3 ways: shear and pull-off tests, optical observation using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and contact resistance measurement. The aim of the work is to create a high-quality design of an IR photodetector, which allows achieving a high sensitivity (at least 0.5 A / W), a large dynamic range (at least 40 dB) and low indicators of dark current values. The developed technology ensures high quality of the photodetector design. Due to the low costs of this technological process (wire material, the number of operations required for installation), relative to other technologies, which allows maintaining high performance in the technical component of the photodetector, the installation method may be of practical interest in production.
Optimization of THz quantum cascade lasers with an active module based on two-quantum wells for high-temperature operation
Authors: Khabibullin R A , Ponomarev D S , Ushakov D V , Afonenko A A
Published: December 2021

Over the past two decades, the operation temperature of terahertz quantum cascade lasers (THz QCLs) has continuously increased from cryogenic level to the current record value of 250 K (about -23°C) [1]. Here we review the state-of-the-art and future prospects of high-temperature THz QCL designs with two-quantum wells in active module based on conventional heterojunction GaAs/AlGaAs and alternative material system HgCdTe. We have analyzed the temperature dependence of the peak gain and predicted the maximum operation temperatures of the given designs.
Photon counting statistics with imperfect detectors
Authors: Reutov Aleksei , Sych Denis
Published: December 2021

Measurement of photon statistics is an important tool for the verification of quantum properties of light. Due to the various imperfections of real single photon detectors, the observed statistics of photon counts deviates from the underlying statistics of photons. Here we analyze statistical properties of coherent states, and investigate a connection between Poissonian distribution of photons and sub-Poissonian distribution of photon counts due to the detector dead-time corrections. We derive a functional dependence between the mean number of photons and the mean number of photon counts, as well as connection between higher-order statistical moments, for the pulsed or continuous wave coherent light sources, and confirm the results by numerical simulations.
Development of a light control system using an optical aerial information transmission system
Authors: Savin D D , Davydov V V , Rud V Yu
Published: December 2021

The inefficiency of the use of electric energy for indoor lighting is shown. The necessity of modernization of lighting control systems in the workplace area is justified. The method of automatic control and adjustment of illumination of workplaces and zones where it is necessary is offered. A control system has been developed, which is integrated into the air optical information transmission system (Internet). The simulation of the system operation is carried out, its parameters are calculated. The main characteristics are measured.
Femtosecond laser synthesis and comparative analysis of fluorescent carbon dots from L-lysine aqueous solution
Authors: Astafiev A A , Shakhov A M , Gulin A A , Vasin A A , Gubina M V , Syrchina M S , Nadtochenko V A
Published: December 2021

Laser synthesis of fluorescent species from biomolecules in living cells and tissues offers unique capabilities for fluorescent bioimaging, yet little is known about its mechanisms and characteristics of products. We examine synthesis of fluorescent products from water solution of L-lysine upon irradiation by trains of femtosecond laser pulses with varying parameters. We demonstrate that irradiation products contain nanoscale carbon-based fluorescent particles (carbon dots) with multi-colour and excitation-dependent emission. Morphology, chemical composition and fluorescent characteristics of irradiation products strongly depend on laser pulses parameters.