bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Assessment of Antihypertensive & Anti-hyperlipidemic Activity of Allium sativum and Rauwolfia serpentina in Hypertension and High Fat Induced Rat Model
Authors: Jannath Sanjida , Jannat Bushratul , Ishraat Syeda Taarin , Sadat Mehrab , Nirzana Sayma Akter , Tahsin Md. Rafat , Aktar Fahima , Chowdhury Jakir Ahmed , Kabir Shaila , Chowdhury Abu Asad , Amran Md. Shah
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Hypertension (high blood pressure) is an increasingly important global medical and public health problem that is linked to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Researchers in both developed and developing nations have identified it as one of the most widespread diseases currently present. The investigators are focusing on plants for better, safer, more affordable, and more effective alternatives due to unwanted risks and negative effects of synthetic pharmaceuticals. Allium sativum possesses anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antidiabetic, renoprotective, anti-atherosclerotic, antibacterial, antifungal, and antihypertensive properties while Rauwolfia serpentina is known to possess pharmacological actions such as hypnotic effect, sedative effect, antihypertensive activity, and anti hypercholesteremic activity.

Methods: Sixty rats were divided into six groups, each containing ten rats. With the exception of the negative control group, rats from all groups were given 1% NaCI solution as water and high fat diet as food to induce hypertension. After that, among the six groups one group was treated with Allium sativum, one group with Rauwolfia serpentina and one with the mixture of Rauwolfia serpentina and Allium sativum.

Results and Discussion: In case of lipid profile and blood pressure (systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean blood pressure) both Rauwolfia serpentina and Allium sativum significantly (p<0.05) reversed disturbed pathological state, when compared with disease control group. However, Rauwolfia serpentina demonstrated the highest degree of activity for anti-hypertensive activity (Mean Blood Pressure 89.79±5.84 mmHg) and Allium sativum is more potent for controlling abnormal lipid profile (Total Cholesterol 125.39±5.59).

Conclusion: Therefore, this study provides scientific evidence that Rauwolfia serpentina and Allium sativum have considerable anti-hypertensive and anti-lipidemic activities. More research needs to be done on these plants to isolate particular therapeutic constituents, so that it can be applied more precisely and accurately to mitigate the respective disease.
The Influence of Development and Alternative Solutions for the Development of Small and Medium Industries in Hst Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia
Authors: Sari Indah , Muzdalifah  , Nuryadin Rusmin
Published: October 2023

Analysis of the Effectiveness and Influence of Small and Medium Industry Development on the Income of Small and Medium Industry Actors in (HST) Regency. The research aims to analyze the influence of coaching and alternative solutions for developing SMEs in HST Regency. The research aims to analyze the influence of coaching and alternative solutions for developing Small and Medium Industries in HST Regency. This research is about Small and Medium Industry actors in the HST Regency Trade Service who had the opportunity to receive guidance from the Trade Service in the industrial sector of HST Regency. The respondents in this research were 38 respondents from Small and Medium Industry actors in HST Regency, and this research used quantitative methods, data collection techniques using interviews, observations and documentation. Data analysis by analyzing the impact on respondents and SWOT analysis. The F test is carried out to test whether development (X1), capital (X2), education (X3), labor (X4) and marketing network (X5) together have a significant influence on income (Y) from Small and Medium Industries ( SMEs). Based on the SPSS output table, the Sig value is known. is 0.000. Because the Sig value. 0.000 < 0.05, then according to the basis of decision making in the F test it can be concluded that the hypothesis is accepted or in other words Development (X1), Capital (X2), Education (X3), Labor (X4), and Marketing Network (X5 ) simultaneously influences the Income (Y) of Small and Medium Industries . Based on the diagram above, the position of SMEs by respondents is in quadrant III (negative, positive), this position indicates a business that is weak but has great opportunities. The strategy recommendation given is Change Strategy, meaning that the organization is advised to change its previous strategy. Because, it is feared that the old strategy will be difficult to capture existing opportunities while improving the business being carried out.
Optimizing Immersion: Analyzing Graphics and Performance Considerations in Unity3D VR Development
Authors: Tytarenko Maksym
Published: October 2023

Aims: Virtual reality (VR) is a new approach that gives users an immersive experience. VR applications frequently experience performance bottlenecks due to the high processing cost of displaying real-time animations multiple times (for both eyes) and the limited resources of wearable devices, performance optimization serves a significant part in VR application development. The goal of this paper is to investigate approaches and techniques available in Unity3D to improve the immersion of VR in virtual reality. This entails studying visuals and performance elements to design more fluid and engaging VR apps.

Study Design: Quantitative analysis.

Methodology: Systematic literature reviews, Consensus on the design space for VR-based education would greatly benefit future advances. To do this, we use a systematic mapping technique to the literature, extracting essential data from papers indexed in four academic online databases.

Results: VR applications include extra aspects like graphics rendering and actual time animation, performance improvements for VR apps might differ significantly from those for standard software. Fully immersive virtual environments vary from standard virtual reality environments in that they can record entire body movements. This skill enables users to engage with other avatars, computer-controlled entities, and artifacts in the virtual world using their complete range of physical activities. VR performance optimization, in essence, relates to the methods, tactics, and procedures used to ensure that VR experiences function as smoothly as feasible.

Conclusion: This optimization might be performed on different kinds of technology, particularly low-end devices, without sacrificing visual fidelity or immersive experience. VR is well-known for. It is critical to optimize visuals as well as performance in Unity3D VR apps to produce immersive and engaging experiences. Balancing great aesthetics with seamless performance necessitates a thorough grasp of Unity's features as well as a dedication to constant optimization.
Correlation and Path Analysis of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Authors: Sihag N. , Shrotria P. K. , Pandey P. K.
Published: October 2023

During Kharif 2017, 96 sorghum accessions were tested and characterised for several yield component characteristics and morphological factors at the Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology's Instructional Dairy Farm in Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India. A positive and significant correlation coefficient of component traits ensures their potential for selection in order to maximize fodder yield. In the present study green fodder yield and dry fodder yield were found to be significantly and positively associated with plant height (0.389, 0.351) and stem girth (0.476, 0.418). leaf length (0.011), stem girth (0.007), leaf width (0.001) and plant height (0.002) were observed to have a positive direct effect on green fodder yield. The findings of the research reveal noteworthy relationships between green fodder yield, dry fodder yield and specific morphological attributes. Therefore, these characters provide enormous opportunity for selection to improve yield. The present study has implications in current breeding programmes for developing improved varieties by highlighting the specific traits and parameters that can contribute significantly to higher fodder yield, breeders can strategically target these characteristics during the selection and breeding process. By identifying features that have a direct beneficial influence on yield, the study gives practical insights that can benefit fodder production and as a result, the livestock and agriculture industries.
Recent Advances for Detecting and Addressing Plant Disease: Towards Future Farming
Authors: Sinha Pranjali , Kathare Pooja , Roy Anjan
Published: October 2023

Pests and pathogens inflict enormous financial harm on the global farming industry. Monitoring plant health and early pathogen detection is essential for facilitating successful management strategies and preventing the spread of disease. Various traditional methods and serological techniques have been found to be time-consuming and require handling skill. Also, the reliability of the result is uncertain, and it is hard to diagnose the pathogen during asymptomatic stages. Hence, the innovative sensors based on host reactions assessment, phage display-based biosensors, and bio-photonics in combination with other systems, remote sensing techniques integrated with spectroscopy-based approaches allow for high spatialization of data; these techniques could mainly be of immediate benefit for initial identification of infection and early control with limiting the use of Systemic Fungicides and developing a sustainable environment with high yield.
Effect of Organic Manure and Gliricidia leaf Extract on Soil Properties after Harvest of Green Gram under Organic Farming
Authors: Patel Jolly J. , Italiya A. P. , Kawala A. R. , Dubey P. K.
Published: October 2023

A field experiment was conducted during the summer season of 2022 to find out the influence of organic manure and Gliricidia leaf extract on soil fertility under green gram at the organic farm, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujrat. The experiment site was high in organic C content (0.73 %), medium in available nitrogen (257.96 kg/ha) and phosphorus (27.14 kg/ha) while high in available potash (579.13 kg/ha) with pH 7.50 and EC 0.28 dS/m. The result indicated that available N was observed to significantly maximise under the application of 100% RDN through Compost + GLE @500 l/ha at 20, 40 and 60 DAS while available K2O and DTPA extractable Fe were significantly maximum under the application of 100% RDN through Compost + 2% GLE through the foliar spray. Soil pH, EC, organic C, available P2O5, DTPA extractable Mn, Zn, and Cu were not affected significantly due to different treatment comprising various organic sources.
Management of Gram Pod Borer, Helicoverpa armigera Hub. in Chickpea in Saran District, Bihar, India
Authors: Prasad Surendra , Singh A. K. , Patel S. S. , Kumar Vijay
Published: October 2023

Field experiment was conducted for management of gram pod borer in chickpea during rabi season in 2019/20 and 2020/21. Two technologies, namely two times spray of profenophose 50 EC, and the use pheromone trap at flowering time and spray of spinosad 45 SC @ 50% practices of spraying quinalphos in eight farmers’ field using variety “BG-372”. The results of two years pooled data revealed that the use pheromone trap at flowering time and spraying of spinosad 45 SC @ 50% pod formation were the most effective against gram pod borer management. The least per cent pod infestation (1.75%) was recorded in these technologies followed by the per cent pod infestation recorded (2.74%) in two times spray of profenophos 50 EC at 50% flowering and pod formation stage. The highest pod infestation was recorded (7.82%) in farmers’ practices.   Similarly, maximum grain yield (14.84 q/ha) was recorded in using pheromone trap at flowering and spraying spinosad 45 SC @ 50% pod formation stages followed by the yield record in spraying profenophos 50 EC (12.26 q/ha) and the yield record in farmers’ practices (9.42 q/ha).  The cost benefit analysis showed that the net return and benefit cost ratio was also higher in using pheromone trap and spraying spinosad 45 SC (₹ 52763/ha and 2.48:1) than the net return and benefit cost ratio in the farmers’ practices (₹ 28544/ha and 1.55:1), respectively.
Antimicrobial Resistance Profile of Salmonella enterica Serovar typhi Isolated from Human Clinical Samples in Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nwosu Uchenna Ogbu , Ibiam Francis Amadi , Amadi-Ibiam Christiana Onyemaechi , Aniokete Ugonna Cassandra , Iroha Chidinma Stacy , Peter Ikemesit Udeme , Iroha Ifeanyichukwu Romanus
Published: October 2023

The emergence of resistance to the frequent use of empirical treatment of uncomplicated enteric fever caused by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi is on the increase. This study was designed to determine the antimicrobial Resistance profile of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolated from human clinical samples in Ebonyi State. A non-duplicated stool culture of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi of patients diagnosed with typhoid fever at General Hospital Onicha Igboeze were collected from the hospital ward namely: A & E (n = 4), MS (n = 3), FS (n = 3), PD (n = 7), LW (n = 4), ORT (n = 1), LAB (n = 17), THE (n = 9), GOPD (n = 4), MM (n = 3). Antimicrobial studies of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method. The proportion of resistance ranges from 33 %-100% against colistin, cefepime, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, amikacin, cefuroxime, and piperacillin-tazobactam but isolates were only susceptible to meropenem 100%. The use of antimicrobial agents for the treatment of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi infection should be guided with antimicrobial susceptibility testing, Nonetheless, the diversity of the Salmonella isolates as a result of the dissemination of these resistant genes is a call for concern and emphasizes a need for an extensive investigation for the presence of these genes in Ebonyi State as well as the implementation of strict antimicrobial policies in a bid to restrict the spread of these resistance genes and prevent the emergence of new resistant strains.
Knowledge and Practice of Breast Self Examination among Female Students of Tertiary Institutions in Abia State, Nigeria
Authors: Iwuoha E. C.  , I. P. Ufot , Onuabuchi T. F.  , Amogu C. C.  , Onuoha I. E.  , Ijoma C. E.
Published: October 2023

Background: Early detection and diagnosis of illnesses by screening is a key public health premise. Breast self-examination is a cheap and convenient method of early detection of cancer of the breast, especially in resource poor countries; Women who frequently perform breast self-examinations (BSE) look for any lumps or abnormal changes in order to seek immediate medical assistance. There is increasing incidence of detection of breast cancer among young women, this has been attributed to a lack of knowledge and practice of breast self-examination (BSE).

Aim: To determine the knowledge, and practice of routine breast self-examination among the female students of tertiary institutions in Abia State, Nigeria.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 609 female students from five tertiary institutions in Abia State, Nigeria. Research instruments were structured, self-administered and pretested questionnaires. Data collected were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25). 

Results: Majority of the participants were between the ages of 18-22 years. Majority of the respondents had heard of BSE (88.8%) mostly from social media (37.7%).  A good number knew the steps involved in BSE (72.7%); while 467(76.7%) of respondents, had practiced BSE before. However, frequency of practice was low, and majority who didn’t practice frequently cited forgetfulness (38.5%) as their major reason. Most respondents agreed that BSE was very relevant (72.4%), and that families needed to be taught BSE (98.4%). Most respondents (81.3%) had no family history of breast lump while 87.8% had no family history of breast cancer. Occupation of respondents’ father was associated with knowledge of BSE and this was statistically significant; p< 0.05.

Conclusion: This study demonstrates good knowledge, and good practice, however frequency of practice was low.
ASPECTOS PSICOSSOCIAIS DAS FAMILIAS DE CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES ABRIGADOS EM ARAGUAINA/TO
Authors: Mendes Giliana Zeferino Leal , Borges Thelma Pontes
Published: October 2023

Desde a aprovação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, várias políticas para a infância foram desenvolvidas a fim de garantir a proteção a esse público, dentre as quais consta a criação das Casas de Acolhimento, que têm por função substituir a família considerada incapaz de cuidar de sua prole, até que o destino da criança seja traçado pela justiça. Assim, objetivamos apresentar o perfil das famílias de crianças e adolescentes abrigados no município de Araguaína/TO. Para tanto, fez-se um censo a partir das fichas de entrada e saída da instituição, entre os anos de 2008 e 2019. Os resultados foram analisados a partir de estatística descritiva e de análise qualitativa de alguns casos selecionados por suas especificidades. Os resultados indicam famílias de alta vulnerabilidade social, a maioria preta ou parda, com tendência a organizações monoparentais chefiadas por mulheres. Do ponto de vista qualitativo, revelam aspectos e discussões que envolvem a caracterização de uma necropolítica que só sedimenta a vulnerabilidade social por parte do estado e do uso de táticas por parte das famílias, que lhes permitem acessar de forma mais tranquila benefícios sociais. Consideramos que é possível repensar o formato de proteção à infância ao verificarmos que boa parte dos menores retornam às famílias de origem, inferindo que seria plausível produzir intervenções nas famílias sem o rompimento dos laços afetivos.
POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS E ORÇAMENTO PARA ECONOMIA SOLIDÁRIA NO BRASIL (2004-2021)
Authors: Chiariello Caio Luis , Fonseca Sergio Azevedo
Published: October 2023

Este artigo aborda a conceituação da Economia Solidária, trajetória dos empreendimentos solidários no Brasil e sua presença na agenda pública. A elaboração de políticas públicas voltadas para a Economia Solidária teve início na década de 1990, culminando em 2003 com o surgimento da SENAES, articuladora de tais políticas. A partir da pesquisa junto às LOAs de 2004 a 2021, foram levantados os aportes de recursos do Orçamento Federal e suas Ações destinadas para a Economia Solidária no período. O volume do aporte orçamentário permite uma análise acerca da inserção da Economia Solidária na agenda governamental, que apresentou valores crescentes até 2012, mas com retração a partir de 2013, chegando a valores mínimos entre 2018 e 2021. Essa dinâmica aponta para uma relevância inédita dada à Economia Solidária, seguida pelo seu abandono por parte do Executivo Federal, sobretudo a partir de 2017.
MEMÓRIAS DE PESSOAS IDOSAS ENCARCERADAS SOBRE O TRABALHO
Authors: Lima Pollyanna Viana , Valença Tatiane Dias Cassemiro , Oliveira Alessandra Souza de , Reis Luciana de Araújo
Published: October 2023

O estudo tem por objetivo conhecer as  memórias de pessoas idosas encarceradas sobre o trabalho. Estudo exploratório e descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa, triangulação de método, fundamentado na Teoria da Memória Coletiva/Social e das Representações Sociais. Realizado em três unidades penais da Bahia com 31 idosos, com 60 anos ou mais, que se encontravam em situação de cárcere. Foram utilizados quatro instrumentos: questionário para coleta de dados nos prontuários de saúde, de assistência social e psicologia; entrevista semiestruturada; grupo focal; e observação não participante com uso de diário de campo. Por meio das memórias, os idosos recordaram sobre o trabalho e declararam ser importante e significativo para suas vidas. Demonstraram ainda a insatisfação por não estarem trabalhando na prisão, sendo este um direito constitucional para todo cidadão recluso que, além de possibilitar a remição da pena e a reinserção na sociedade.
Methods, Detection Rates, and Survival Outcomes of Screening for Head and Neck Cancers
Authors: Sykes Edward A. , Weisbrod Natalie , Rival Ella , Haque Aminul , Fu Rui , Eskander Antoine
Published: October 2023

Importance

Head and neck cancers (HNCs) are often diagnosed at advanced clinical stages during their symptomatic phase, leading to a reduced treatment window and poor survival. Screening programs have been suggested as a mitigation strategy.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of current HNC screening programs in improving diagnosis and survival in adults.

Evidence Review

This Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses–guided systematic review involved use of peer-reviewed, English-language journal articles identified from MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials between January 1, 2001, and July 15, 2022. Snowballing was applied to retrieve more studies. Eligible articles were original clinical trials and observational studies presenting a universal or risk-targeted screening program of primary HNC in the adult population. Reporting quality was assessed using the JBI’s critical appraisal tools.

Findings

Database searches yielded 3646 unique citations with an additional 8 studies found via snowballing. Five reviewers assessed the full text of 106 studies. Sixteen articles were ultimately included in the review, involving 4.7 million adults (34.1%-100% male; median age, 30-59 years). Fifteen studies were based in Asia and 1 in Europe (Portugal). Five reported data from randomized clinical trials. An oral inspection conducted once or once every 2 to 3 years was described in 11 studies for screening oral cancer, while multistep screening involving Epstein-Barr virus serologic testing for nasopharyngeal carcinoma delivered every 1 to 4 years was presented in 5. In 4 trials and 6 observational studies, screening significantly increased the detection of localized (stage I/II) tumor or was associated with an increased proportion of diagnoses, respectively, regardless of the population and cancer subsites. Universal screening of asymptomatic adults improved 3- to 5-year overall survival but did not increase cancer-specific survival in 4 trials. Targeted screening improved overall and cancer-specific survival or was associated with improved survival outcomes in 2 trials and 2 observational studies, respectively. Studies had low to medium risks of bias.

Conclusions and Relevance

Evidence from the existing literature suggests that a risk-targeted screening program for oral and nasopharyngeal cancers could improve diagnosis and patient survival. Screening adherence, societal cost-effectiveness, and optimal risk stratification of such a program warrant future research, especially in low-incidence settings outside Asia.
Marriage of High‐Throughput Gradient Surface Generation With Statistical Learning for the Rational Design of Functionalized Biomaterials
Authors: Fang Zhou , Zhang Meng , Wang Huaiming , Chen Junjian , Yuan Haipeng , Wang Mengyao , Ye Silin , Jia Yong‐Guang , Sheong Fu Kit , Wang Yingjun , Wang Lin
Published: October 2023

Functional biomaterial is already an important aspect in modern therapeutics; yet, the design of novel multi‐functional biomaterial is still a challenging task nowadays. When several biofunctional components are present, the complexity that arises from their combinations and interactions will lead to tedious trial‐and‐error screening. In this work, a novel strategy of biomaterial rational design through the marriage of gradient surface generation with statistical learning is presented. Not only can parameter combinations be screened in a high‐throughput fashion, but also the optimal conditions beyond the experimentally tested range can be extrapolated from the models. The power of the strategy is demonstrated in rationally designing an unprecedented ternary functionalized surface for orthopedic implant, with optimal osteogenic, angiogenic, and neurogenic activities, and its optimality and the best osteointegration promotion are confirmed in vitro and in vivo, respectively. The presented strategy is expected to open up new possibilities in the rational design of biomaterials.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Hydrogenation of Black Barium Titanate for Multienzyme‐Piezoelectric Synergetic Tumor Therapy
Authors: Deng Ruxi , Zhou Hong , Qin Qiaoxi , Ding Li , Song Xinran , Chang Meiqi , Chen Yu , Zhou Yang
Published: October 2023

Piezocatalytic tumor therapy is an emerging reactive oxygen species (ROS)‐generating therapeutic approach that relies on piezoelectric polarization under ultrasound (US) irradiation. Optimizing ROS production is a primary objective for enhancing treatment efficiency. In this study, oxygen‐vacancy‐rich Pd‐integrated black barium titanate (BTO) nanoparticles are rationally engineered to boost the ROS generation efficiency via the introduction of Pd. Pd‐catalyzed hydrogenation at low temperatures narrows the bandgap of BTO and reduces the recombination rate of electron‐hole pairs. Furthermore, Pd has dual‐enzyme‐mimicking characteristics, including peroxidase‐ and catalase‐mimicking activities, which further heighten the therapeutic efficacy by enhancing ROS production and reversing the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Importantly, the dual enzymatic activity of Pd can be amplified by multiple redox processes sparked by the piezoelectric potential under US stimulation, resulting in bilaterally enhanced multienzyme‐piezoelectric synergetic therapy. In vitro and in vivo results confirm high tumor inhibition in murine breast cancer cells. This work stresses the critical effects of defect engineering‐optimized piezodynamic tumor therapy.
Research Progress of Bio‐Based Polybenzoxazine Materials
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Fu Fei , Shen Minggui , Li Qiaoguang , Liu He , Song Zhanqian
Published: October 2023

As a new type of thermosetting resin, polybenzoxazine resin (PBz) has the advantages of flexible molecular design, excellent thermal stability, and mechanical properties. It has application potential in many fields such as aerospace, hydrophobic flame retardant, anti‐corrosion, antibacterial, and electronic communication. Unlike traditional thermosetting resins, PBz can be made with natural renewable resources in addition to petrochemical raw materials. At present, PBz has synthesized monomers from renewable resources and made breakthroughs in raw material sources and performance improvement. In this work, the preparation methods and research progress of bio‐based benzoxazine (BOZ) with different phenol sources and amine sources in the past 10 years are reviewed. The existing shortcomings and improvement methods of PBz functional materials are analyzed, and the future research direction of bio‐based PBz is prospected.
Diagnostic yield of chromosomal microarray in the largest Latino clinical cohort
Authors: Carrillo Yina D. , Rueda‐Gaitán Paula , Gualdrón Orlando , Estrada‐Serrato Carlos , Castro‐Cuesta Taryn A. , Londoño Olga , Rodríguez‐Salazar Luna , Isaza‐Ruget Mario , Arcos‐Burgos Mauricio , López Rivera Juan Javier
Published: October 2023

Copy number variants (CNVs) remain a major etiological cause of neurodevelopmental delay and congenital malformations. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) represents the gold standard for CNVs molecular characterization. We applied CMA throughout the patient's clinical diagnostic workup, as the patient's medical provider requested. We collected CMA results of 3380 patients enrolled for 5 years (2016–2021). We found 830 CNVs in 719 patients with potential clinical significance, that is, (i) pathogenic, (ii) likely pathogenic, and (iii) variants of uncertain significance (VUS), from which 10.6% (predominantly involving chromosomes 15 and 22) were most likely the final cause underpinning the patients' clinical phenotype. For those associated with neurodevelopmental phenotypes, the rate of pathogenic or likely pathogenic findings among the patients with CNVs was 60.75%. When considering epileptic phenotypes, it was 59%. Interestingly, our protocol identified two gains harbored in 17q21.31 and 9q34.3, internationally classified initially as VUS. However, because of their high frequency, we propose that these two VUS be reclassified as likely benign in this widely heterogeneous phenotypic population. These results support the diagnostic yield efficiency of CMA in characterizing CNVs to define the final molecular cause of genetic diseases in this cohort of Colombian patients, the most significant sample of patients from a Latino population, and define new benign polymorphic CNVs.
Binding Thermodynamics of Ferrocenyl Ammoniums by Sulfonated Calix[4]arenes
Authors: Wang Qian , Guo Yu , Zhang Hong‐Qing , Wang Kui , Chen Yong , Liu Yu
Published: October 2023

The binding constants (Ka), standard molar enthalpy changes (ΔH°), and entropy changes (TΔS°) between two sulfonated calix[4]arene hosts including rigid p‐sulfonatocalix[4]arene (SC4A) and flexible p‐sulfonatothiacalix[4]arene (STC4A), and three ferrocenyl ammonium guests modified by different aliphatic chains were determined in aqueous solution (pH 7.0 and pH 2.0) by isothermal titration microcalorimetry (ITC). The gained data indicated that for the flexible host STC4A, the host‐guest binding affinities increased with the increase of length of the aliphatic chain of guests whereas the rigid host SC4A behaved almost oppositely. Compared with those at pH 2.0, the binding affinities between the hosts and the guests were much stronger at pH 7.0. This should be attributed to the higher π‐electron density and the extra negative charge of calixarene cavities owing to one of the phenolic hydroxyl groups is deprotonated at pH 7.0, thus affording stronger π⋯π, C−H⋯π and electrostatic interactions. Job plot and ITC confirmed that the molecular binding were stoichiometric 1 : 1 between hosts and guests. NMR experiments showed that the signals of the guest protons with addition of hosts underwent pronounced upfield shifts suggesting the effective binding between hosts and guests. In addition, the molecular selective binding behavior was discussed from the perspective of thermodynamics.
Relationship between the 2D:4D and prenatal testosterone, adult level testosterone, and testosterone change: Meta‐analysis of 54 studies
Authors: Sorokowski Piotr , Kowal Marta
Published: October 2023

The ratio between the hands' second to the fourth finger (2D:4D) is commonly hypothesized to result from prenatal testosterone. The 2D:4D has also been hypothesized to relate to adult‐level testosterone and, more recently, to the testosterone response to a challenging situation. In the present work, we tested these core assumptions. Drawing from, in total, 54 studies and 8077 participants, we investigated whether the 2D:4D is related to adult level testosterone (44 studies), testosterone change (6 studies), and prenatal testosterone (10 studies). We found no evidence of the relationship between the above testosterone types and digit ratios. Furthermore, there was no relationship between testosterone and the right and left 2D:4D, male and female 2D:4D, and the 2D:4D and testosterone measurement (i.e., measured in blood or saliva). However, we found some evidence that prenatal testosterone measured in amniotic fluid (but not cord blood) might be related to the digit ratios—further studies are necessary to validate this observation. In summary, considering the current state of knowledge, any conclusions drawn from the assumption of the digit ratios as the proxy for testosterone (prenatal, adult level, or testosterone change under a challenging situation) warrant great caution.
The endothelial glycocalyx—All the same? No, it is not
Authors: Suzuki Kodai , Miura Tomotaka , Okada Hideshi
Published: October 2023

The endothelial glycocalyx covers the lumen of blood vessels throughout the body and plays an important role in endothelial homeostasis. Advances in electron microscopy techniques have provided clues to better understand the structure and composition of identical vascular endothelial glycocalyx. The morphology and thickness of the endothelial glycocalyx differ from organ to organ. The content of the endothelial glycocalyx covering the vascular lumen differs even in the brain, heart, and lungs, which have the same continuous capillaries. Various types of inflammation are known to attenuate the endothelial glycocalyx; however, we found that the morphology of the glycocalyx damaged by acute inflammation differed from that damaged by chronic inflammation. Acute inflammation breaks the endothelial glycocalyx unevenly, whereas chronic inflammation leads to the overall shortening of the endothelial glycocalyx. The same drug has different effects on the endothelial glycocalyx, depending on the location of the target blood vessels. This difference in response may reflect not only the size and shape of the endothelial glycocalyx but also the different constituents. In the cardiac tissue, the expression of glypican‐1, a core protein of the endothelial glycocalyx, was enhanced. By contrast, in the pulmonary tissue, the expression of heparan sulfate 6‐O‐sulfotransferase 1 and endothelial cell‐specific molecule‐1 significantly increased in the treatment group compared with that in the no‐treatment group. In this review, we present the latest findings on the evolution of the vascular endothelial glycocalyx and consider the microstructural differences.
Synergistic effect of metals and cross linkers on surface modification of iron aluminum oxyhydroxide‐PVA polymer films for enhanced catalytic activity in transesterification reaction
Authors: Binish C. J. , Kopparapu Imam , Vijayasankar A. V. , John Athira Maria , Chundattu Sony J.
Published: October 2023

Iron‐incorporated aluminum oxyhydroxide polyvinyl alcohol films (Fe‐Al‐PVA) were synthesized using the sol–gel method. The influence of cross‐linking agents on the aluminum oxyhydroxide films was investigated by incorporating glutaraldehyde into the synthesized films. Various characterization techniques were employed to understand the physico‐chemical properties that affect the catalytic and adsorptive behavior of the self‐supported films. The liquid phase transesterification of terpenes was used to test the catalytic activity of the films for the synthesis of industrially important terpene esters. The products were analyzed using GC, GC–MS, and NMR techniques, and optimization studies were carried out under different experimental conditions. The reaction scope was expanded to a wider range of organic compounds, and a possible reaction mechanism was proposed. This study demonstrates the design and modification of efficient bimetallic polymer film catalyst for organic transformations.
Modulare Fußgängerbrücken aus seriell hergestellten Betonfertigteilen
Authors: Rettinger Martin , Prziwarzinski André , Meyer Maximilian , Kolbeck Lothar , Tošić Zlata , Hückler Alex , Lordick Daniel , Borrmann André , Haist Michael , Lohaus Ludger , Schlaich Mike
Published: October 2023

Modulare Baukonstruktionen ermöglichen die serielle und automatisierte Herstellung von Fertigteilen, welche kontrolliert in einem Fertigteilwerk produziert und anschließend auf der Baustelle in kurzer Zeit montiert werden können. Hierdurch können Herstellungsprozesse weitreichend optimiert und neue Technologien der automatisierten und robotergestützten Fertigung eingesetzt werden. Die Fertigung im Werk verringert Lärm, Staub und Stau auf den Baustellen und durch die Rationalisierung von Prozessen im Fertigteilwerk können Verschnitt‐ und Abfallmengen minimiert und somit Ressourcen eingespart werden. In der vor Witterung geschützten Umgebung können zudem Hochleistungswerkstoffe mit hoher Präzision verarbeitet werden, sodass deren Eigenschaften optimal ausgenutzt werden und eine hohe gleichbleibende Qualität erzielt wird. Von dem planenden Ingenieur verlangt modulares Bauen ein umfassendes Verständnis und die Berücksichtigung der Herstellungsprozesse sowie eine sorgfältige Planung aller Fügestellen des Tragwerks. Das Planungsteam steht vor der Herausforderung, trotz aller Anforderungen durch die Modularisierung, Rationalisierung und Fertigung ein funktionales, dauerhaftes und ästhetisch hochwertiges Bauwerk zu entwerfen. In den in diesem Beitrag vorgestellten Entwurfsstudien stellen sich die Autoren dieser Aufgabe, indem sie Technologien aus aktuellen Forschungsprojekten des modularen Betonbaus in einem einheitlichen Entwurfsszenario einer Fußgängerbrücke anwenden.
Interactions studies of CYP2D6 with quercetin and hyperoside by spectral analysis and molecular dynamics simulations
Authors: Wang Meizi , Wang Suqing , Cui Jingjing , Lian Di , Li Yuan , Du Yutong , Li Li
Published: October 2023

Some ingredients from herbal medicine can significantly affect the activity of CYP2D6, thus leading to serious interactions between herbs and drugs. Quercetin and hyperoside are active ingredients widely found in vegetables, fruits, and herbal medicines. Quercetin and hyperoside have many biological activities. In this work, the characteristic bindings of CYP2D6 with quercetin/hyperoside are revealed by multi‐spectroscopy analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations. The fluorescence of CYP2D6 is statically quenched by quercetin and hyperoside. The binding constant (Ka) values of CYP2D6–quercetin/hyperoside range from 104 L mol−1, which indicates that these two flavonoids bind moderately to CYP2D6. Meanwhile, quercetin has a stronger quenching ability to CYP2D6 than that of hyperoside. The secondary structure of CYP2D6 is obviously changed by binding with quercetin/hyperoside. The docking results reveal that the quercetin/hyperoside enters the active site of CYP2D6 near heme and binds to CYP2D6 by hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces. The molecular dynamics simulation results indicate that the binding of quercetin/hyperoside can stabilize the two complexes, enhance the flexibility of CYP2D6 backbone atoms, and make a more unfolded and looser structure of CYP2D6.
Acute toxic effects of areca nut on central nervous system and liver: A case report
Authors: Mahdavi Mortazavi Seyede Maryam , Ataollahi Maryam , Mashhadiagha Amirali , Moosavi Seyed Ali , Moshfeghinia Reze , Soheili Marzieh
Published: October 2023

Key Clinical Message

Areca nut (AN) is an addictive substance widely used in different world regions. There are several side effects associated with the use of AN, which have already been reported. However, the reports on hepatotoxicity of AN are sporadic and non‐conclusive. In the present case report, we investigated the hepatotoxicity of AN in a four‐year‐old Iranian girl who was transferred to our medical center with abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, fever, and other symptoms such as hematuria, decreased mental status, multiple seizure episodes. After a comprehensive evaluation, it was concluded that these signs and symptoms were all attributed to AN consumption, which was given by her mother to control diarrhea. Eventually, the patient medical conditions were managed successfully, and she survived by intense medical care. In conclusion, we suggest AN should be considered a potential hepatotoxic agent.
Adsorption of Glucose Molecules on Stainless Steel Enables Ni‐Rich Passivation Film
Authors: Choi Hyebin , An Jaun , Lee Keunyoung , Park Jeongmin , Soo Kim Chung , Lee Seonhong , Kwon Ki‐Young
Published: October 2023

Stainless steel (SS) is well known for its remarkable versatility. Besides the importance of passivation film for durability and stability of SS, the composition and morphology of passive surface layer have to be precisely modified to create an alloy that is optimal for specific purposes. Herein, we report on the electrochemical preparation of nickel‐enriched passive film which is accomplished by the preferential adsorption of glucose on nickel species among constituents of SS. The presence of nickel‐rich surface and the exposure of nickel on the outmost surface layer participating in surface reactions are verified by monitoring redox couple of Ni2+/Ni3+ as well as elemental analyses (TEM‐Energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy). Reversible interchange of nickel‐rich into iron‐rich surface and vice versa is possible by adding or removing glucose. We find that molecules having more than tri‐dentate of hydroxy groups (e. g. glycerol) is required for the formation of Ni‐rich surface (chelate effect).
Multiplicity‐1 minmax minimal hypersurfaces in manifolds with positive Ricci curvature
Authors: Bellettini Costante
Published: October 2023

We address the one‐parameter minmax construction for the Allen–Cahn energy that has recently lead to a new proof of the existence of a closed minimal hypersurface in an arbitrary compact Riemannian manifold with (Guaraco's work, relying on works by Hutchinson, Tonegawa, and Wickramasekera when sending the Allen–Cahn parameter to 0). We obtain the following result: if the Ricci curvature of N is positive then the minmax Allen–Cahn solutions concentrate around a multiplicity‐1 minimal hypersurface (possibly having a singular set of dimension ). This multiplicity result is new for (for it is also implied by the recent work by Chodosh–Mantoulidis). We exploit directly the minmax characterization of the solutions and the analytic simplicity of semilinear (elliptic and parabolic) theory in . While geometric in flavour, our argument takes advantage of the flexibility afforded by the analytic Allen–Cahn framework, where hypersurfaces are replaced by diffused interfaces; more precisely, they are replaced by sufficiently regular functions (from N to ), whose weighted level sets give rise to diffused interfaces. We capitalise on the fact that (unlike a hypersurface) a function can be deformed both in the domain N (deforming the level sets) and in the target (varying the values). We induce different geometric effects on the diffused interface by using these two types of deformations; this enables us to implement in a continuous way certain operations, whose analogues on a hypersurface would be discontinuous. An immediate corollary of the multiplicity‐1 conclusion is that every compact Riemannian manifold with and positive Ricci curvature admits a two‐sided closed minimal hypersurface, possibly with a singular set of dimension at most . (This geometric corollary also follows from results obtained by different ideas in an Almgren–Pitts minmax framework.)
Harnessing trophic cascades to improve foundation species restoration: A meta‐analysis
Authors: Heineke Marcella R. , Kimbro David L. , Zabin Chela J. , Grosholz Edwin D.
Published: October 2023

Global declines in foundation species and associated losses of biodiversity and ecosystem services have made restoration of foundation species and the habitats they create a top priority. Because restoration success has been highly variable, the field is increasingly using both experimentation and ecological theory to augment success. We conducted a meta‐analysis of studies (18) in estuarine and marine systems, which increased the abundance of top predators as a restoration approach, thus improving biogenic habitat‐forming foundation species recovery by reducing consumers. Beyond testing the general idea of whether top predator addition enhances foundation species restoration, we examined whether the degree of restoration success could be explained by classic predictors of top‐down strength, such as taxonomic identity of the foundation species and top predators, direct and indirect effects of top predators, and the latitude and duration of the study. Top predators successfully elicited a trophic cascade by decreasing consumer abundances (direct effect) and increasing foundation species recovery (indirect effect) when compared with control restoration projects without top predators. Direct effects are expected to be stronger than indirect effects, in accordance with classic ecological theory. We found no evidence of magnitude differences between direct and indirect effects of top predator addition. Increasing invertebrate top predators produced a 3.5× greater increase in the basal trophic level than adding vertebrate top predators. Despite the strong effect of predator type, the log response ratio of all foundation species types (algae, animal, and plant) increased 10‐fold in top predator addition treatments. We found diminishing effects of top predator addition as study duration increased, which supports recent developments that the positive effects of marine protected area designation decline over time. Our results highlight the promise of harnessing top‐down control via top predator addition as a mechanism to aid foundation species recovery.
Non‐Classical Early Lanthanide(II) Tris(di‐tert‐butylcyclopentadienyl) Complexes**
Authors: Liu Jingjing , Nodaraki Lydia E. , Martins Daniel O. T. A. , Giansiracusa Marcus J. , Cobb Philip J. , Emerson‐King Jack , Ortu Fabrizio , Whitehead George F. S. , Gransbury Gemma K. , Mclnnes Eric J. L. , Tuna Floriana , Mills David P.
Published: October 2023

We report the synthesis of a series of temperature‐sensitive non‐classical early Ln(II) (Ln=lanthanide) complexes, [K(2.2.2‐cryptand)][Ln(Cptt)3] (Cptt=C5H3tBu2‐1,3; 1‐Ln; Ln=La−Nd). Complexes 1‐Ln were typically prepared using Schlenk line techniques rather than more common glove box protocols, by the reduction of the parent Ln(III) complexes [Ln(Cptt)3] (2‐Ln) with KC8 in THF in the presence of 2.2.2‐cryptand at −30 °C. The majority of the 2‐Ln series have been reported previously by the salt metathesis reactions of 3 eq. KCptt with parent LnCl3, and these methods were adapted here to afford 2‐Pr. Complexes 1‐Ln and 2‐Pr were characterized by single crystal XRD, elemental analysis, ATR‐IR and UV‐Vis‐NIR spectroscopy; 1‐La and 2‐Pr were additionally characterized by c.w. EPR spectroscopy, and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements were performed on 2‐Pr. During attempts to synthesize 2‐Nd and 2‐Sm we also obtained small crops of crystals of [Nd(Cptt)2(μ‐I)]2 (3) and [Sm(Cptt)2(μ‐Cl)]2 ⋅ C7H8 (4 ⋅ C7H8), respectively; these complexes were also structurally authenticated, and magnetic data was collected for 4 ⋅ C7H8. The combination of data obtained indicate that the Ln(II) centers in 1‐Ln adopt 4fn5d1 electron configurations, in common with other literature examples of [Ln(CpR)3]− anions (CpR=substituted cyclopentadienyl) for these metals.
Utilities Develop New Lines of Business to Deliver Clean Energy Customer Solutions
Authors: McLean‐Conner Penni
Published: October 2023

“Addressing the climate crisis requires immediate and sustained investment to eliminate net global greenhouse gas emissions by mid‐century—and this presents a transformational opportunity for the United States and the world.” This statement from The Long‐Term Strategy of the United States: Pathways to Net‐Zero Greenhouse Gas Emissions by 2050 summarizes both the challenge and the opportunity presented as the energy infrastructure is transformed. The United States has established ambitious goals of net‐zero greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions no later than 2050. A core strategy by the United States to achieve this goal is the decarbonization of the electric grid. In fact, the United States has set a goal to reach 100 percent carbon‐free electricity by 2035. These goals will result in nothing less than a transformation of the energy marketplace, requiring the rapid expansion of existing clean energy solutions of solar and energy efficiency as well as the drive to electrify everything, including buildings and transportation.
Advanced Analytics is Reshaping the Decision‐Making Landscape of Electric Utilities
Authors: Pulidindi Amrita , Jonnagadla Deepa , Witt Morgan
Published: October 2023

Over the last decade, the use of advanced data analytics has evolved from an idea to a reality and has become pivotal in supporting the proliferation of electric utilities. Utilities are making data‐driven decisions based on electric vehicle (EV) charging needs and patterns to maintain and/or improve reliability, safety, operational efficiency, and customer satisfaction. Data analytics also supports distribution utility planning for meeting future needs. This article presents several utility use cases that demonstrate the use and effectiveness of data‐driven decisions and how advanced analytics is reshaping decision‐making.