bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño óptimo de un resorte helicoidal usando un algoritmo genético continuo
Authors: Rodriguez Cabal Miguel , Betancur Gomez Juan Diego , Grisales Noreña Luis Fernando
Published: February 2022

Objetivo: En este artículo de investigación se propone un algoritmo genético continuo (CGA) para realizar el diseño óptimo de un resorte helicoidal de bobina cerrada.
Metodología: La metodología de solución emplea como función objetivo la minimización del volumen total de un resorte helicoidal, considerando como variables principales el diámetro del alambre, el diámetro promedio y el número de bobinas activas. Como conjunto de restricciones se implementan los requerimientos físicos y técnicos para el diseño seguro y adecuado del elemento mencionado. Como método de solución se emplea un CGA, y como métodos de comparación son usados diferentes algoritmos de optimización que han sido implementados en la literatura especializada para dar solución al problema abordado.  
Resultados: Los resultados obtenidos muestran que el CGA obtiene el mínimo valor de volumen, siendo menor en un 1,5% en comparación con la mejor técnica reportada, con un tiempo de procesamiento menor a 1 s, lo cual demuestra que la metodología propuesta obtiene los mejores resultados en términos de calidad de la solución y tiempo de procesamiento.
Conclusiones: Los resultados de simulación muestran que el CGA obtiene la mejor solución en comparación con las demás técnicas, a un bajo costo computacional y entregando una solución que cumple con los requerimientos físicos y técnicos del diseño.
YouTube vs. GEMA
Authors: Stade Philip
Published: February 2022

»Dieses Video ist in deinem Land leider nicht verfügbar.« Mit diesem Satz befeuerte die Video-Plattform YouTube die jahrelange Auseinandersetzung mit der deutschen Verwertungsgesellschaft GEMA. In zahlreichen Online-Diskussionen ging es um die angemessene Vergütung für das Musikstreaming - das GEMA-Bashing folgte. Musik und Urheberrecht waren und sind ein konfliktreiches Thema. Mit der Digitalisierung setzte ein Prozess ein, der die Art veränderte, Musik und andere kreative Güter zu produzieren, zu konsumieren, zu verbreiten und zu verwerten. Diese Zäsur untergrub bisherige Geschäftsmodelle der Musikwirtschaft und erschütterte Grundannahmen im Urheberrechtsverständnis. Philip Stade richtet den Blick auf den besonderen Online-Diskurs YouTube vs. GEMA und eröffnet im Sinne der Cultural Studies interdisziplinäre und historische Sichtweisen auf die Felder Musikwirtschaft, Urheberrecht und Kapitalismus im digitalen Wandel. Im Fokus stehen dabei hegemoniale Strategien sowie die zentrale Rolle Sozialer Medien. Auch wenn die gesellschaftlichen und ökonomischen Umwälzungen des digitalen Wandels längst nicht abgeschlossen sind, arbeitet Stade präzise heraus, welche übergeordneten Verschiebungen im Verhältnis von exklusiver Kontrolle und freiem Zugang stattfinden. Denn wir beginnen gerade erst zu verstehen, wie der digitale Kapitalismus funktioniert.
Rosa Luxemburg
Authors: Jacob Frank , Scharenberg Albert , Schütrumpf Jörn
Published: February 2022

Rosa Luxemburg war eine der bedeutendsten Intellektuellen des »langen« 19. Jahrhunderts und ihr Wirken in der Politik sowie innerhalb der europäischen Arbeiterbewegung äußerst facettenreich. Sozialismus verstand sie – vor allem zum Unmut der Bolschewiki – als Einheit von politischen und sozialen Freiheiten. Bis heute ist sie deshalb eine Identifikationsfigur, ihre Schriften besitzen eine ungebrochene Aktualität. Luxemburgs vielgestaltiges Leben reichte von der Entstehung des Deutschen Kaiserreiches bis kurz nach dessen Ende (1871–1919) und wird im Jubiläumsjahr 2021 mit einer zweibändigen Ausgabe gewürdigt. Band 1 vermittelt einen Überblick über Biografisches und liefert eine Bestandsaufnahme ihres politischen Wirkens.
Study Some Optical and Structural Properties of Pb2-xSbxBa2Ca2Cu3O10 Thin Films Substitution with Antimony Prepare by Pulsed Laser Deposition Method
Authors: Mohammed Jaafar S. , Dulaimi Ali H. Al , Hussein Haider Sahi , Jasim Kareem A.
Published: February 2022

In this paper, a thin film of (Pb2-xSbxBa2Ca2Cu3O10) was deposited on glass substrate using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) method with a power of 400 watts, a frequency of 6 Hz and a rate of 200 pulses. The results showed that the X-ray measurements of the prepared films (crystals). Then, optical and compositional measurements were performed on the films to determine the transmittance and absorption spectrum as a function of the incident wavelength, the value and type of the energy gap. It was found that the energy gap decreases after annealing to become (1.9 eV). As for the structural measurements, the degree of crystallinity and the growth rate of granules and films with direct transfer were calculated. These results are close to those which are obtained previously. The thin films were thermally annealed at 400 °C for two hours. Thermal annealing greatly affects the prepared films, as the annealing improves the properties of the films.
Elevated Troponin-t after Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Hassan Wissam F. , Alkadem Duraid H. Abid , Khalaf Qays Jaafar
Published: February 2022

Background: One of the characteristics of ischemic myocardial attacks is elevated serum troponin. It has been detected in some individuals complain of acute ischemic stroke (AIS). The significance of serum troponin high level is controversial. The aim of this research is to discover the elements of high level of troponin and its relation with ischemic stroke severity in Baqubah city, Diyala province. Methods: Between August 2018 and December 2018, fifty consecutive participants suffered from (AIS) Acute Ischemic Stroke has been contributed in this study at Baquba Teaching Hospital. MRI – Magnetic Resonance Imaging has been don for all the patients to confirm the diagnosis. The serum level of troponin – T was investigate routinely on admission. Based on the criteria of ''National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale'' (NIHSS), ECG was done the severity of the stroke has been assessed for all contributed individuals. Results: The percentage (80%) of ischemic type of stroke and (20%) of haemorrhagic type of stroke, and troponin elevation in ischemic more than haemorrhagic ischemic stroke patients divided into mild (13%) moderate (25%) sever (62%) after using special scoring system at admission. Conclusion: Stroke severity associated with higher troponine level in ischemic stroke patients depend on type not on cause.
Fabrication and Study the Optical Properties and Dispersion Parameters of PVA/PAAm with CuNW Additive
Authors: Jawad Zainab Mohammed , Abass Khalid Haneen
Published: February 2022

Due to the scientific, industrial, electrical, and medical importance, it was necessary to study the properties of overlapping nanocomposites. Therefore it gained attention and directed scientists and researchers in the study of its structure and optical characteristics and other characteristics. In the present work, the influence of Copper Nanowire (CuNW) addition on several optical characteristics of polymers was investigated. For this purpose, many films have been made by adding CuNW to polymers with various weight percentages of (CuNW) with polymer utilizing the casting method. The structure of the nanocomposite (PVA-PAAm-CuNW) Optical microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the samples, which revealed an excellent distribution of CuNW in the blend. Using a visible ultraviolet spectrophotometer to investigate the optical properties and record the absorption spectrum. The wavelength range of (190-1200) nm was used to record absorption spectra. The extinction coefficient, the CuNW addition increased the refractive index, while both the transmittance and the energy gap decreased. The Wemple–DiDomenico method was used to compute the dispersion parameters. Ed, Eo, n(0), M-1, and M-3 decreased as the CuNW content in the PVA-PAAm- CuNW films increased. The obtained energy gap from this model agreed with the data obtained from Tauc model. These findings suggest that nanocomposites with such inclusions may be able to develop better and broader uses.
Hausse des taux de syphilis au Canada, 2011 à 2020
Authors: Aho Josephine , Lybeck Cassandra , Tetteh Ashorkor , Issa Carmen , Kouyoumdjian Fiona , Wong Jason , Anderson Alexandrea , Popovic Nashira
Published: February 2022

Contexte : Les taux de syphilis constituent un enjeu préoccupant de santé publique au Canada, de nombreuses administrations ayant signalé des éclosions au cours des cinq dernières années. Le présent article vise à décrire les tendances de la syphilis infectieuse et congénitale au Canada de 2011 à 2020. Méthodes : La surveillance de routine de la syphilis est effectuée par l’entremise du Système canadien de surveillance des maladies à déclaration obligatoire (SCSMDO). En réponse à la hausse des taux de syphilis, toutes les provinces et tous les territoires ont également déclaré à l’Agence de la santé publique du Canada, par l’entremise du Comité de coordination des investigations sur les éclosions de syphilis (CCIES), des données rehaussées sur la surveillance de la syphilis à compter de 2018. Des analyses descriptives des données de surveillance du SCSMDO et du CCIES de 2011 à 2020 selon l’âge, le sexe, l’état de grossesse, l’orientation sexuelle de l’homme et les administrations ont été effectuées. Résultats : Le taux national de syphilis infectieuse est passé de 5,1 pour 100 000 personnes en 2011 à 24,7 pour 100 000 personnes en 2020. Les taux ont augmenté dans presque toutes les provinces et territoires (P/T), les provinces des Prairies ayant déclaré les plus fortes augmentations relatives entre 2016 et 2020 (plus de 400 %). Les taux chez les hommes étaient constamment plus élevés que ceux rapportés chez les femmes au cours des 10 dernières années; toutefois, de 2016 à 2020, les taux chez les femmes ont augmenté de 773 %, comparativement à 73 % chez les hommes. Bien que la proportion de cas qui s’identifient comme gais, bisexuels et autres hommes ayant des rapports sexuels avec des hommes ait diminué de 54 % à 38 % entre 2018 et 2020, ils représentent toujours une forte proportion des cas (selon les données de huit P/T). De 2016 à 2020, les taux de syphilis infectieuse ont augmenté dans tous les groupes d’âge, en particulier chez les femmes âgées de 15 à 39 ans. Les cas confirmés de syphilis congénitale précoce pour 2020 ont augmenté considérablement par rapport aux années précédentes, 50 cas ayant été signalés en 2020, comparativement à 4 cas en 2016. Conclusion : Les taux de syphilis infectieuse et congénitale sont une préoccupation croissante au Canada, et la nature des épidémies de syphilis semble y évoluer, comme le montrent les tendances récentes. Davantage de données et de recherche sont nécessaires pour mieux comprendre les facteurs associés aux changements récents dans l’épidémiologie de la syphilis au Canada.
Effets de la syphilis infectieuse chez les patientes enceintes et facteurs maternels associés au diagnostic de syphilis congénitale, Alberta, 2017 à 2020
Authors: Gratrix Jennifer , Karwacki Jennifer , Eagle Lynn , Rathjen Lindsay , Singh Ameeta , Chu Angel , Smyczek Petra
Published: February 2022

Contexte : La syphilis congénitale représente un problème de santé publique important et exige un diagnostic et un traitement précoces pour améliorer les effets des nourrissons. Cette étude vise à décrire les effets en santé publique des cas de syphilis infectieuse chez les patientes enceintes et les facteurs associés à un diagnostic de syphilis congénitale chez leur nourrisson. Méthodes : Nous avons effectué un examen rétrospectif des caractéristiques démographiques et cliniques des cas de syphilis infectieuse diagnostiqués pendant la grossesse et des effets pour les nourrissons en Alberta de 2017 à 2020 à partir de la base de données provinciale sur les maladies transmissibles. Un traitement adéquat à la mère a été défini comme la réception d’au moins une dose de pénicilline G-LA benzathine avec 2,4 millions d’unités de MI au moins 28 jours avant l’accouchement. Une analyse à une et plusieurs variables a été effectuée pour déterminer les facteurs associés au diagnostic de syphilis congénitale à l’aide de la version 25 de SPSS. Résultats : Au total, 374 cas de syphilis infectieuse ont été diagnostiqués pendant la grossesse, et deux patientes ont reçu un diagnostic deux fois au cours d’une même grossesse. La majorité (79,1 %; n = 296) des femmes ont eu un accouchement vivant, et une minorité a eu un avortement thérapeutique (9,4 %; n = 35), une mortinaissance (7,5 %; n = 28) et un avortement spontané (4,0 %; n = 15). Les dossiers de nourrissons (n = 265) étaient disponibles aux fins d’examen (n = 117 cas de syphilis congénitale et 148 cas sans syphilis congénitale). Les corrélations avec les cas de syphilis congénitale étaient le temps de dépistage au troisième trimestre (rapport de cotes rajusté [RCA] 8,4, intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 2,9–24,6) et moins de 28 jours avant l’accouchement (RCA 8,1, 1,4–47,8 [par rapport au premier et au deuxième trimestre]) et le traitement inadéquat (RCA 86,1, IC, 15,9–466,5). Parmi les cas de syphilis congénitale, 23,1 % (n = 27) étaient des mortinaissances comparativement à un (0,7 %) cas de mortinaissance chez les nourrissons sans syphilis congénitale (p < 0,001). Conclusion : Le dépistage et le traitement précoces de la syphilis pendant la grossesse sont essentiels pour prévenir les effets néfastes chez les nourrissons.
Characterizing female infectious syphilis cases in British Columbia to identify opportunities for optimization of care
Authors: Willemsma Kaylie , Barton Lindsay , Stimpson Rochelle , Pickell Irene , Ryan Venessa , Yu Amanda , Pederson Ann , Ogilvie Gina , Grennan Troy , Wong Jason
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The rate of infectious syphilis continues to increase among females in British Columbia (BC) and Canada, raising concerns of increased incidence of congenital syphilis. We characterized syphilis cases among females in BC to identify opportunities to prevent syphilis and optimize its care. Methods: All cases of infectious syphilis diagnosed in BC between March 13, 2018 and December 31, 2020 and reported as female gender were reviewed. Demographics, risk factors and concurrent conditions were collected from a provincial surveillance system. Subgroup analyses comparing cases with and without housing instability, substance use, mental illness and a recent sexually transmitted infection (STI) were conducted to understand differences between these subgroups. Statistical associations were calculated using chi–square or t-tests. Results: There were 226 reported cases of female infectious syphilis in BC during this period: 38 (16.8%) in 2018; 74 (32.7%) in 2019; and 114 (50.4%) in 2020. Mean age was 32 years (range 15–75 years). Of those who reported concurrent conditions, most cases had experiences with housing instability (71.1%), substance use (68.2%) and mental illness (83.9%), while 42.9% had a recent STI. Cases who reported housing instability or substance use were significantly more likely to have experiences with a recent STI, street involvement, transactional sex, mental illness and income assistance (all p<0.01). Conclusion: Our findings highlight the importance of fostering an enabling environment for syphilis care. Concurrent services to support individuals with syphilis as well as housing instability, substance use and mental illness, may help prevent syphilis and improve wellbeing.
Laboratory evaluation of two point-of-care test kits for the identification of infectious syphilis
Authors: Tsang Raymond SW , Shuel Michelle , Hayden Kristy , Van Caeseele Paul , Stein Derek
Published: February 2022

Background: Syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease that can have atypical clinical presentations. Conventional laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis are not rapid enough to affect clinical decision on treatment and contact tracing. Rapid point-of-care tests (POCT) can be useful for control of infectious diseases; however, no POCT for syphilis detection is currently available in Canada. The aim of this study is to evaluate two POCTs (RevealTM Rapid TP (Treponema pallidum) Antibody test and DPP® Syphilis Screen and Confirm test) for detection of infectious syphilis. Methods: One hundred serum samples with known syphilis serological status, based on treponemal and non-treponemal test results, were analysed in the laboratory with two POCTs by two independent operators in a blind fashion. Results were analysed to evaluate their ability to detect infectious syphilis. Results: The Reveal Rapid TP Antibody POCT showed an overall sensitivity of 95.0% and a specificity of 83.3%, while the DPP Syphilis Screen and Confirm POCT showed a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 98.3%. Both POCTs gave a sensitivity of 100% on active syphilis samples with Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) titres of greater than 1:4, but their sensitivities decreased for samples with low VDRL titres. Both POCTs gave weakly or very weakly reactive results on 11.3%–25.0% of the treponemal antibody positive samples. Conclusion: This laboratory evaluation has shown promising results for both POCTs to detect infectious syphilis. Further evaluations in the field would be required to confirm this preliminary finding.
Examen de la gestion de l’infection à la syphilis congénitale diagnostiquée avant la naissance
Authors: Rosenthal Margot , Poliquin Vanessa
Published: February 2022

Contexte : L’incidence de la syphilis chez les Canadiennes en âge de procréer a augmenté de façon spectaculaire au cours de la dernière décennie, avec une résurgence des nourrissons nés atteints de syphilis congénitale. Même s’il existe des lignes directrices pour éclairer l’infection maternelle pendant la grossesse, il existe peu de données pour orienter la gestion dans les situations où le fœtus en développement est gravement atteint. Examen de cas : La patiente s’est présentée au deuxième trimestre de sa grossesse après avoir contracté la syphilis. Des analyses sérologiques positives (titrage du Venereal Disease Research Laboratory [VDRL] de 1:64) et un chancre suggèrent une infection primaire. L’échographie a démontré un fœtus ayant un âge gestationnel de 19+3 semaines atteint d’hydrops fetalis et présentant un cerveau nettement anormal. L’amniocentèse a confirmé une infection congénitale à la syphilis au cours de tests de réaction en chaîne par polymérase. Après un traitement de neuf jours à la pénicilline G par voie intraveineuse, l’état du fœtus s’est détérioré et la famille a finalement choisi une interruption médicale de la grossesse. Discussion : L’évolution de la technologie de l’échographie permet d’identifier les fœtus gravement touchés, qui seraient peut-être venus au monde mort-nés dans le passé. À la suite de la syphiliothérapie courante au moyen de la pénicilline benzathine, ces caractéristiques échographiques anormales peuvent prendre des semaines ou des mois à s’inverser, ce qui pose un défi au niveau du pronostic et du counseling. Les données des rapports de cas suggèrent que le traitement intensif au moyen de la pénicilline par voie intraveineuse peut être efficace dans les cas graves présentant une hydrops fetalis. Conclusion : Ce cas met en lumière la morbidité potentielle de l’infection à la syphilis congénitale et souligne le manque de documentation actuelle. L’échange de renseignements sera essentiel pour construire une base de connaissances moderne sur le traitement de cette maladie ancienne.
Error inconsistency does not generally inhibit saccadic adaptation: Support for linear models of multi‐gainfield adaptation
Authors: Eggert Thomas , Kaltenbach Katharina , Straube Andreas
Published: February 2022

This study examined saccade adaptation induced by intrasaccadic target steps (ITS). By manipulating the ITS, we investigated potential effects of the consistency of the feedback error on saccade adaptation, which would provide evidence against the linearity of standard models of visuomotor adaptation. Previous studies addressing saccade adaptation arrived at different interpretations, but in these experiments only a single saccade amplitude was trained rather than a variety of saccade amplitudes in random order (mixed training). We extend previous studies by testing for effects of error consistency under additional control conditions described by the factors training protocol (single‐amplitude/mixed), ITS direction (onward/backward), and adaptation phase (training/washout). Adaptation dynamics were assessed using a model of “multi‐gainfield adaptation” developed by tailoring an existing linear model for visuomotor adaptation of movements with multiple target positions to gain adaptation of saccades with multiple amplitudes. The total adaptive change did not depend on the consistency of the ITS in either mixed or single‐amplitude training. The initial adaptation speed was lower with inconsistent ITS. However, the effect on adaptation speed occurred only during amplitude reduction and not during enlargement or washout. These results corroborate the linearity of saccade adaptation in that the mean error is the main factor determining the total adaptive change, independent of error consistency. The multi‐gainfield adaptation model was confirmed in that the retention rate and error sensitivity did not depend on the training protocol. The absence of effects of error consistency on saccade adaptation is relevant in the context of adaptive deficits in movement disorders.
Diagnostic accuracy of genetic markers for identification of the Lr46/Yr29 “slow rusting” locus in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Bobrowska Roksana , Noweiska Aleksandra , Spychała Julia , Tomkowiak Agnieszka , Nawracała Jerzy , Kwiatek Michał T.
Published: February 2022

Wheat leaf rust, caused by fungal pathogen Puccinia triticina Erikss, annually contributes to production losses as high as 40% in susceptible varieties and remains as one of the most damaging diseases of wheat worldwide. Currently, one of the major challenges of wheat geneticists and breeders is to accumulate major genes for durability of rust resistance called “slow rusting” genes using marker-assisted selection (MAS). Until now, eight genes (Lr34/Yr18, Lr46/Yr29, Lr67/Yr46, Lr68, Lr74, Lr75, Lr77, and Lr78) conferring resistance against multiple fungal pathogens have been identified in wheat gene pool and the molecular markers were developed for them. In MAS practice, it is a common problem that cultivars exhibiting desirable marker genotypes may not necessarily have the targeted genes or alleles and vice versa, which is known as “false positives.” The aim of this study was to compare the available four markers: Xwmc44, Xgwm259, Xbarc80, and csLV46G22 markers (not published yet), for the identification of the Lr46/Yr29 loci in 73 genotypes of wheat, which were reported as sources of various “slow rusting” genes, including 60 with confirmed Lr46/Yr29 gene, reported in the literature. This research revealed that csLV46G22 together with Xwmc44 is most suitable for the identification of resistance allele of the Lr46/Yr29 gene; however, there is a need to clone the Lr46/Yr29 loci to identify and verify the allelic variation of the gene and the function.
Didelphys uterus: a successful induction of labor in a case of intrauterine fetal death near term
Authors: Paola Algeri , Patrizia D’Oria , Valentina Toto , Paola Fenili , Santina Ermito , Silvia Bonalumi , Denise Rinaldo , Massimo Ciammella
Published: February 2022

Objectives

Müllerian anomalies are associated with infertility and worse pregnancy outcomes.

Case presentation

A 34-years-old primigravida patient affected by didelphys uterus and type 2 diabetes mellitus was admitted at 36.4 weeks with intrauterine fetal death. Labor was induced with oral Mifepristone and vaginal Dinoprostone. She had an uneventful vaginal delivery.

Conclusions

Pre-gestational evaluation should be recommended in each woman, in order to optimize clinical conditions in case of a chronic disease; moreover, if the patient is infertile Müllerian malformations should be excluded. In a didelphys uterus, the combination of Mifepristone and Dinoprostone could be a safe option for labor induction.
The distance between illocution and perlocution: A tale of different pragmemes to call for social distancing in two cities
Authors: Wang Xiaowen , Ahrens Kathleen , Huang Chu-Ren
Published: February 2022

On the basis of Mey’s Pragmatic Act Theory, this paper investigates the cross-cultural and cross-language variations in the pragmemes to call for social distancing in public health campaigns to combat COVID-19. We compare the officially released posters calling for social distancing in English and Chinese in two neighboring cities with distinctive socio-cultural contexts – Guangzhou and Hong Kong. Our main findings are: (1) Guangzhou takes one pragmeme to suit a short illocution-perlocution distance in calling for social distancing – “admonition,” and Hong Kong takes two pragmemes to meet a larger illocution-perlocution distance – “recommendation” and “reminder”; (2) Cross-cultural differences between the two cities are manifested in the individuated pragmatic acts of the pragmemes in both propositional contents and metapragmatic co-construction of personal references, polarity, modality, and mood; and (3) In both cities, cross-language differences can be observed in the propositional and metapragmatic dimensions of pragmatic acts, with the English posters bearing a weaker sense of addressee obligation than the Chinese. Adding the new angle of illocution-perlocution distance, our rethinking of the illocution versus perlocution dichotomy in pragmemes leads to an elaboration of the classical perlocution formula proposed by Austin in 1962.
High-Temperature Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Properties of the New Sodium Rare-Earth Oxide Borates Na2RE2(BO3)2O (RE = Dy, Ho)
Authors: Heymann Gunter , Beyer Konstantin , Huppertz Hubert
Published: February 2022

The new monoclinic oxide borates Na2RE2(BO3)2O (RE = Dy, Ho) were synthesized using standard solid-state reactions in the temperature range 900 - 950 ◦C. They are isotypic to the known phases Na2RE2(BO3)2O (RE = Y, La, Nd, Sm-Gd, Er). The single crystal X-ray structure determination of Na2Dy2(BO3)2O revealed: P21/c, a = 1063.9(1), b = 626.2(1), c = 1025.3(1) pm, β = 117.76(1)◦, Z = 4, R1 = 0.0221, wR2 = 0.0402 (all data). The corresponding lattice parameters of Na2Ho2(BO3)2O determined from powder data are a = 1061.2(5), b = 623.7(2), c = 1022.5(3) pm, and β = 117.7(1)◦. The structure consists of infinite sheets of REO8-polyhedra in the bc-plane, which are seperated by sodium atoms. The BO3-groups are isolated forming layers in the bc-plane. The results of IR-spectroscopic investigations, temperature-resolved in-situ powder-diffraction measurements, and DTA/TG measurements on Na2Dy2(BO3)2O are also presented.
Formation and Structure of a Bis(cyclopentadienyl)(formamidinato)zirconium Cation Complex
Authors: Cornelißen Carsten , Erker Gerhard , Kehr Gerald , Fröhlich Roland
Published: February 2022

Deprotonation of N,N’-dicyclohexylformamidine with methyl lithium yields dicyclohexylformamidinyl lithium (8a).The X-ray crystal structure analysis of 8ashows an unsymmetically formamidinato-bridged THF-stabilized dimer in the crystal. Treatment of diphenylformamidinyl lithium (8b) with Cp2ZrCl2 gives the (K2 N, N’ -dicyclohexylformamidinato Cp2ZrCH3 (7a). Treatment of (K2 N, N’ -diphenylformamidinato)Cp2ZrCH3 (7b) with [Bu3NH+][BPh4−] gave the salt [(K2 N, N’ -diphenylformamidinato)Cp2Zr+][BPh4 −] (9B). Its X-ray crystal structure analysis revealed a symmetrical bonding of the formamidinato ligand to the zirconium metal center.
Syntheses, Structures and Vibrational Spectroscopy Studies of Copper(I) Perchlorate : Benzonitrile Adducts (1 : n) of n = 2, 3, 4, 5 Stoichiometry
Authors: Bowmaker Graham A. , Gill Dip Singh , Skelton Brian W. , Somers Neil , White Allan H.
Published: February 2022

Syntheses and room-temperature single crystal X-ray structure determinations are recorded for an array of complexes formed between copper(I) perchlorate and benzonitrile of CuClO4 : PhCN (1:n) stoichiometry. Copper(I) perchlorate crystallized from neat benzonitrile solution yields a 1:5 CuClO4 : PhCN adduct, shown by the X-ray study to be of the form [Cu(NCPh)4](ClO4). PhCN, and, on recrystallization from dichloromethane, the 1:4 adduct, shown to be [Cu(NCPh)4](ClO4), the copper(I) atom in both the n = 4,5 adducts being in a quasi-tetrahedral four-coordinate environment, < Cu−N > 1.99 Å . Heating of either of the above materials under vacuum to 70 - 80◦ or 85 - 90 ◦C (Care!) yields 1:3 and 1:2 adducts respectively which may be crystallized from dichloromethane. The 1:3 adduct is shown to be of the form [(PhCN)3Cu(OClO3)], the CuN3 array quasi-trigonal planar (Σ N-Cu-N 358.0 ◦; Cu-N 1.906(4)-1.958(4), <> 1.93 Å ), with a long unidentate perchlorate oxygen approach (Cu. . .O 2.404(4) Å). The 1:2 adduct comprises a pair of quasi-linear [(PhCN)Cu(NCPh)] moieties (Cu-N 1.884(6), 1.866(5) Å ; N-Cu-N 158.6(3)◦] linked about an inversion centre by a pair of oxygen atoms from centrosymmetrically related perchlorate groups, so that a weakly bound fourmembered Cu(μ-O)2Cu central ring is obtained (Cu. . .O 2.445(4), 2.502(6) Å ). The structural data provide a basis for a comprehensive vibrational spectroscopic study across the whole array. These spectra show features that can be attributed to the structural changes that are observed with the change in the number of benzonitrile molecules in the compounds. The vibrational spectra of the acetonitrile complex [Cu(NCMe)4](ClO4) have also been recorded and used to assist in the assignment of the spectra of the various stoichiometries of the benzonitrile compounds.
Novel Five- and Six-Membered Diazasilacycloalkanes: Synthesis, Structure and Properties
Authors: Knopf Claudia , Wagler Jörg , Brendler Erica , Borrmann Horst , Roewer Gerhard
Published: February 2022

The reactions of N,N’-dimethylethylenediamine 1and N,N’-diphenylethylenediamine 2with equimolar amounts of 1,2-dichlorotetramethyldisilane 3give six-membered heterocycles. Fivemembered rings are formed in the reaction of the diamines 1and 2with 1,1,2,2-tetrachlorodimethyldisilane 4as well as with hexachlorodisilane 5. Whilst the conversions of the disilanes 3and 4with the diamine 2gave no products of a disproportionation reaction, the treatment of the disilane 4with the diamine 1and of the disilane 5with both diamines resulted in cyclic aminosubstituted monosilanes which originate from the disproportionation of 4and 5beside the expected five-membered cyclic disilanes. All compounds have been characterized by multi-nuclear NMR, IR and mass spectroscopy. In case of the N-phenylsubstituted compounds 6, 7and 9the crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Bis-[N,N’-diphenyl-2-methyl-1,3-diaza-2-silacyclopentane] 6crystallizes in the chiral orthorhombic space group P212121 (Z = 4). Both silaimidazolidine rings in 6show half chair conformation. All nitrogen atoms of this molecule are almost planarized (sum of angles: 356.3◦ at N1, 359.5◦ at N2, 356.7◦ at N3 and 357.5◦ at N4). Bis-[N,N’-diphenyl-2-chloro-1,3-diaza- 2-silacyclopentane] 7, resulting from the reaction of disilane 5with diamine 2, crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbcn (Z = 4). Its nitrogen atoms are almost planar (sum of angles: 357.9◦ at N1, 356.7◦ at N2). N,N’-diphenyl-2,2,3,3-tetramethyl-1,4-diaza-2,3-disilacyclohexane 9crystallizes in the chiral monoclinic space group P21 (Z = 2) and shows a twisted conformation. One nitrogen atom has a trigonal planar environment (sum of angles: 359.9◦ at N1), while the angle sum of the second one indicates a trigonal pyramidal conformation (sum of angles at N2: 350.6◦).
Potatoes in Ireland: Sixty years of potato research and development, market evolution and perspectives on future challenges
Authors: Griffin D. , Bourke L. , Mullins E. , Hennessy M. , Phelan S. , Kildea S. , Milbourne D.
Published: February 2022

Potato is often considered synonymous with Ireland, due to the great Irish famine in 1845, and remains the most important primary food crop in Ireland. Over the last 60 yr, the area of potatoes has reduced from 86,000 ha to 9,000 ha. This trend has occurred in most developed countries but in Ireland it is due to decreasing consumption, increasing yield, decline in seed production and potatoes no longer being use for animal feed. Significant specialisation occurred in the industry during the 1990s, with improvements in agronomy, on farm investment in storage and field equipment, consolidation of packing facilities, and a significant shift in cultivar choice, with Rooster becoming the dominant cultivar. These developments led to an increase in yield from 20 t/ha in the mid-1980s to over 40 t/ha today. Potato research in Ireland has focused on breeding, pathology and agronomy, while there have been significant changes in how knowledge is communicated to growers and the industry in this period. The industry faces many challenges in the future, largely framed by climate change, the need to reduce fertiliser and plant protection products as part of the EU Farm to Fork Strategy and industry size constraints. New superior potato varieties and novel breeding techniques will have potential to help address many challenges in combination with integrated pest management principles. Multi-actor approaches will be necessary to address all challenges but particularly to aid the industry grow and exploit emerging opportunities.
Occasions et défis de l’utilisation de la microcertification numérique au 21e siècle : présentation d’un modèle conceptuel pour les gestionnaires
Authors: Desjardins Guillaume , Angulo Mendoza Gustavo Adolfo , Turgeon Stéphanie
Published: February 2022

La crise sanitaire provoquée par la pandémie de COVID-19 a engendré des perturbations majeures dans tous les secteurs de l’industrie et a accéléré la transformation numérique des organisations tout en étant le catalyseur de la formation en ligne et de l’apprentissage par le numérique (Brunet, 2020; FCEI, 2020; Lamb, 2020). Ainsi, dans un contexte postpandémique, il est envisageable que les systèmes de formation des organisations soient principalement basés sur des modalités de formations en ligne ou hybrides (Schrumm, 2020). De plus, le mode de formation dit traditionnel entraîne plusieurs insatisfactions chez les gestionnaires actuels. Ainsi, de nouvelles options sont envisagées par les employeurs eux-mêmes afin de pallier le manque de compétences spécifiques de leur main-d’œuvre qui sont propres à leur industrie. L’une de ces initiatives est la microcertification numérique (MCN). Cet article propose un modèle conceptuel construit à partir d’une revue de la littérature qui marie le domaine de l’éducation avec celui du monde des affaires. Il présente les éléments qui accélèrent l’adoption des MCN ainsi que les possibles obstacles lors de l’implémentation.
ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS, OXIDATIVE, AND THERMAL PROPERTIES OF BUTTERS
Authors: KESKİN Hasene
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the marketed butters in terms of physicochemical properties, oxidation levels, thermal behaviors, fatty acid composition, and quality matching of them with Turkish national standards. The mean value of investigated butters (n=28) was: moisture 20.67%, fat 74.53%, non-fat solids content 4.39%, salt 0.19%, lactic acid 0.65%, oleic acid 1.55% (m/m), acid value 4.04 mg KOH/g fat, peroxide value 3.25 meq O2/ kg fat and thiobarbituric acid value 0.09 mg MA/kg fat. The samples' average saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acid contents were 68.30%, 27.90% and 2.98%, respectively. The butters melted completely at a temperature varied from 28.58 to 36.80°C. The solid fat content (SFC) of the butters was also investigated and the melting temperatures of the butters were aligned with SFC values. The results showed that examined butters did not completely agree with Turkish Food Regulations.
Inspektoráty menšinových škol v meziválečném Československu
Authors: Řeháček Karel
Published: February 2022

Minority education after 1918 took a copletely different direction than it had before the establishment of Czechoslovakia. The new social reality, the new laws and the different approach to minority issues led to an equalization of minority (state national) schools with other schools, the removal of most of the obstacles to their establishment and, above all, the nationalization of the whole process of establishing and maintaining these schools. This also led to the need to put these schools under the state supervision. In terms of their pedagogical activities and the organization of teaching, inspectorates for Czech, German and Polish minority schools were established. The paper deals with the implementation of inspectors’ agendas, the performance of inspections, inspection districts and their transformations and the staffing of inspectorates in the interwar period.
Does an Early Implantation of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenator in High-Risk Emergency Open Heart Surgery Patients Improve the Outcome in Comparison with Elective Patients? A Prospective Cohort Comparative Study
Authors: Abdeljawad Ahmed , Mubarak Yasser Shaban
Published: February 2022

Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (ECMO) has been implemented in refractory postcardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) patients to maintain excellent oxygenation and hemodynamic support. The aim of this study is to compare the results of early ECMO implantation to treat refractory PCCS in emergency versus elective patients who developed univentricular or biventricular pump failure.
Patients and methods: Between January 2019 and June 2021, 35 patients received ECMO after refractory PCCS. Patients have been categorized into two groups: Group A contains 18 patients who were urgently operated on and Group B, which includes 17 patients who were electively operated on. ECMO was implanted through central cannulation (right atrium and ascending aorta), or through peripheral cannulation (femoral vessels or through axillary artery).
Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two ECMO groups in the preoperative patient’s characteristics, complication rate, duration of mechanical ventilation, post-ECMO weaning hospital stay, duration of ICU stay, in-hospital mortality, and number of patients discharged from the hospital or in 1-year survival on follow up.
Conclusion: Early use of ECMO in high-risk emergency cardiac surgery should be taken into consideration when possible, without hesitance. Emergency and elective patients benefit equally from ECMO implantation and show comparable complication rates.
Povo Laklãnõ/Xokleng no/do Vale do Itajaí: cosmologia e memórias e/m re-existências
Authors: Carneiro da Fontoura Georgia , Blanck de Oliveira Lilian
Published: February 2022

A trajetória do Povo Laklãnõ/Xokleng (SC/BR), desde o século XVIII, consiste em contínuos e sistemáticos processos de subalternizações, genocídios e estigmações a definir fronteiras simbólicas e físicas, territórios e territorialidades, que se estendem até os dias atuais, enquanto sombras na construção da memória coletiva regional. Este estudo busca, a partir de “Rodas de Fogo” - Pē Bam Nõdē, socializar dimensões simbólicas e identitárias identificadas nas memórias coletivas do povo Laklãnõ/Xokleng, que atuam para/na construção de seus territórios e territorialidades, reverberam e articulam processos de resistência e/m luta por seus direitos. Histórias invisibilizadas da narrativa oficial que possibilitam luzes para/na construção de outros olhares e leituras – outros tempos, espaços, lugares regionais.
Kepentingan Denmark dalam Pemberian Bantuan Lingkungan terhadap Indonesia Melalui Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP3)
Authors: Dewi Kharisma Anissa
Published: February 2022

Abstract. Based on the Climate Change Performance Index of the Climate Action Network Europe 2015 Denmark is the most climate-friendly country in the world. As a country that cares so much about the environment, Denmark provides a lot of assistance or support to other countries for environmental preservation programs, including Indonesia. The Danish Environmental Support Program (ESP) has spent a lot of money on Indonesia. However, with insignificant progress, Denmark still continued to provide assistance as far as 3 phases. The first phase was in 2005-2007, the second phase was in 2008-2012 and the last was the third phase in 2013-2018. This raises the question “What are Denmark's national interest behind providing assistance under ESP3?”. The methodology of this research is descriptive analysis using the theory of Neorealism and the concept of the National Interest. This article concludes that Denmark has 3 national interests in this regard. Namely ideological interests, economic interests and world order interests.Keywords: Environmental Support Program Phase III (ESP3), National Interest, Denmark, Indonesia. Abstrak. Berdasarkan Climate Change Performance Index of the Climate Action Network Europe 2015 Denmark merupakan Negara paling climate-friendly di dunia. Sebagai Negara yang begitu perduli akan lingkungan Denmark banyak memberikan bantuan atau support kepada Negara lain untuk program penjagaan linkungan, termasuk Indonesia. Pada Environmental Support Programme (ESP) Denmark mengeluarkan biaya yang tidak sedikit untuk Indonesia. Namun dengan kemajuan yang tidak signifikan Denmark masih tetap melanjutkan pemberian bantuan ini hingga 3 fase. Fase pertama tahun 2005-2007, fase kedua tahun 2008-2012 dan terakhir fase ketiga tahun 2013-2018. Hal ini menimbulkan pertanyaan “Apa sebenarnya kepentingan nasional Denmark dibalik pemberian bantuan dalam ESP3?”. Metodologi penelitian kali ini adalah deskriptif analisis dengan menggunakan teori Neorealisme dan Konsep Kepentingan Nasional. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa ada 3 kepentingan nasional Denmark dalam hal ini. Yaitu kepentingan ideologi, kepentingan ekonomi dan kepentingan tata internasional.Kata Kunci: Environmental Support Programme Phase III (ESP3), Kepentingan Nasional, Denmark, Indonesia.
Prinsip Syari’ah dalam Manajemen Hotel
Authors: Sholeh Aufa Saffanah Fitri , Kurniasih Maulana Dwi
Published: February 2022

Abstract. This article discusses sharia principles in hotel management which includes products, services and management according to the DSN MUI Fatwa NO. 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016. The results showed that the application of sharia principles at the Bayt Kaboki Hotel was in accordance with the DSN MUI Fatwa. However, there are several aspects that need to be improved regarding the provisions of sharia hotels, such as the period of halal food and beverage certification at the Bayt Kaboki Hotel restaurant which has expired. In addition, Bayt Kaboki Hotel does not yet have a hotel service guide that is in accordance with sharia principles, and has not used the services of a Sharia Financial Institution in providing services in hotel management. The provisions regarding the mandatory use of sharia banking at the Bayt Kaboki Hotel will be difficult to achieve and become a limitation because the hotel is located in the Bali area.Keywords: Sharia Principles, Sharia Hotels, Bali, Halal, Haram.Abstrak. Artikel ini membahas prinsip-prinsip syariah dalam manajemen hotel yang mencangkup produk, pelayanan dan pengelolaan menurut Fatwa DSN MUI NO. 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan prinsip-prinsip syariah pada Bayt Kaboki Hotel telah sesuai dengan Fatwa DSN MUI tersebut. Namun demikian, ada beberapa aspek yang perlu diperbaiki terkait ketentuan hotel syariah, seperti masa sertifikasi halal makanan dan minuman pada restaurant Bayt Kaboki Hotel yang telah kadaluarsa (expired). Selain itu, Bayt Kaboki Hotel belum memiliki panduan pelayanan hotel yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah, dan belum menggunakan jasa Lembaga Keuangan Syariah dalam melakukan pelayanan dalam manajemen hotel. Ketentuan terkait kewajiban penggunaan perbankan syariah pada Bayt Kaboki Hotel akan sulit dicapai dan menjadi keterbatasan karena hotel berdiri di wilayah Bali.Kata Kunci: Prinsip Syariah, Hotel Syariah, Bali, Halal, Haram.
Landasan Sikap Oposisi Front Pembela Islam (FPI) Terhadap Pemerintahan Joko Widodo Tahun 2014-2020
Authors: Waty Reni Rentika
Published: February 2022

Abstract. FPI (Islamic Defenders Front) is a mass organization that has consistently became the opposition since the reformation. However, during the Joko Widodo’s (Jokowi) reign, the opposition stance of FPI was more dominant. By the though of Habib Rizieq Syihab as founder of FPI about democracy, as well as utilizing qualitative methods, this study aims to analyze the reasons of FPI's positioning as an opposition to the Jokowi government. This study finds there are two factors that become the basis of FPI's opposition namely ideological and political. Ideologically, FPI’s opposition is caused by what is believe as  democrazy system, economic democrazy and legal democracy that occurred in Indonesia. In addition, the political factor is caused background was caused by various conflicts between FPI and the Jokowi government, namely the criminalization of ulama, the polemic of HRS's return to Indonesia, the shooting of the FPI Laskar, the disbandment of the FPI and the arrest of FPI members.Keywords: FPI, democrazy, opposition, Jokowi’s government.Abstrak. FPI (Front Pembela Islam) merupakan organisasi kemasyarakatan yang secara konsisten menempatkan diri sebagai oposisi sejak reformasi. Namun, pada masa pemerintahan Joko Widodo (Jokowi) sikap oposisi FPI lebih dominan dibandingkan dengan masa pemerintahan sebelumnya. Dengan landasan berpikir Habib Rizieq Syihab selaku pendiri FPI terkait demokrasi, serta metode kualitatif, penelitian ini ingin melihat alasan FPI memposisikan diri sebagai oposisi terhadap pemerintahan Jokowi. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa landasan sikap oposisi FPI dibedakan menjadi dua latar belakang, yakni ideologis dan politis. Secara ideologis, sikap oposisi FPI disebabkan oleh democrazy sistem, democrazy ekonomi dan democrazy hukum yang terjadi di Indonesia. Kemudian, latar belakang politis diakibatkan oleh berbagai konflik antara FPI dengan pemerintahan Jokowi, yaitu kriminalisasi ulama, polemik kepulangan HRS ke Indonesia, penembakan Laskar FPI, pembubaran FPI dan penangkapan anggota FPI.Kata Kunci: FPI, demokrasi, oposisi, pemerintahan Jokowi.
Sixth-Hour Trancutaneous Bilirubin and Need for Phototherapy in DAT Positive Newborns
Authors: Papacostas Michael F. , Robertson Dwight M. , McLean Matthew D. , Wolfe Keisha D. , Liu Hui , Shope Timothy R.
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES

To characterize the outcomes of ABO incompatible direct antiglobulin test (DAT) positive newborns and determine the predictive ability of a sixth-hour transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB for needing phototherapy ≤24 hours of age.

METHODS

Retrospective, cross-sectional study from May 2013 to March 2017. Of 10 942 consecutive newborns ≥35 weeks estimated gestational age, 829 were ABO incompatible and DAT positive. After excluding for antibodies other than ABO (51), missing data (4), miscategorization of blood type O (1), and duplicate record (1), 772 newborns remained. Of 772, a subsample of 346 newborns with both TcB and total serum bilirubin (TSB) tests within 1 hour of the sixth hour was analyzed to determine the predictive ability.

RESULTS

Phototherapy was required in 281 of 772 (36.4%); 156 (20.2%) in the first 24 hours. There were 10 (1.3%) admissions for hyperbilirubinemia to the NICU for intravenous immunoglobin. Birth weight, infant blood type B, TSB, reticulocyte count, and TcB were all significantly associated with phototherapy ≤24 hours. On multivariate analysis, significant predictors of phototherapy ≤24 hours were TSB and reticulocyte count if no TcB was done and TcB alone if no blood tests were done. TcB was highly predictive (odds ratio 3.1, 95% confidence interval: 2.4–4.0) and nearly as accurate as the TSB and reticulocyte count (area under the curve, 0.90 and 0.96, respectively). Low (<3.0 mg/dL) and high (≥5.3 mg/dL) risk TcB cutoffs demonstrated a negative predictive value of 98% and positive predictive value of 85%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONS

Among high-risk ABO incompatible DAT positive newborns, the sixth-hour TcB is highly predictive of the need for phototherapy ≤24 hours.