bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
From pixels to riverscapes: How remote sensing and geospatial tools can prioritize riverscape restoration at multiple scales
Authors: Glassic Hayley C. , McGwire Kenneth C. , Macfarlane William W. , Rasmussen Cashe , Bouwes Nicolaas , Wheaton Joseph M. , Al‐Chokhachy Robert
Published: February 2024

Prioritizing restoration opportunities effectively across entire riverscape networks (i.e., riverine landscape including floodplain and stream channel networks) can be difficult when relying on in‐channel, reach‐scale monitoring data, or watershed‐level summaries that fail to capture riverscape heterogeneity and the information necessary to implement restoration actions. Leveraging remote sensing and geospatial tools to develop spatially continuous information across nested hierarchical scales may support increased understanding of local riverscape reaches in their broader network context. Using riparian (vegetation) and geomorphic (elevation) indicators to assess status of riverscape health, along with a measure of restoration capacity (valley bottom area), could be adapted to fit specific management goals related to riverscape restoration. Frameworks using remotely sensed vegetation and elevation data to prioritize restoration continuously across riverscapes at restoration‐relevant, reach‐scales may uphold the ecosystem services provided by riverscapes. By incorporating local knowledge and identifying caveats for using these datasets, continuous inferences can be applied at network scales (watershed to regional extent and reach‐scale resolution) to prioritize restoration over a wide variety of ecoregions.

This article is categorized under:

Water and Life > Conservation, Management, and Awareness

Water and Life > Methods

Water and Life > Stresses and Pressures on Ecosystems
Fractures and other chest wall abnormalities after thoracotomy for esophageal cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Van Wijck Suzanne F. M. , Barza Athiná , Vermeulen Jefrey , Eyck Ben M. , Van der Wilk Berend J. , Van der Harst Erwin , Verhofstad Michael H. J. , Lagarde Sjoerd M. , Van Lieshout Esther M. M. , Wijffels Mathieu M. E.
Published: February 2024

Background

Chest pain following a thoracotomy for esophageal cancer is frequently reported but poorly understood. This study aimed to (1) determine the prevalence of thoracotomy‐related thoracic fractures on postoperative imaging and (2) compare complications, long‐term pain, and quality of life in patients with versus without these fractures.

Methods

This retrospective cohort study enrolled patients with esophageal cancer who underwent a thoracotomy between 2010 and 2020 with pre‐ and postoperative CTs (<1 and/or >6 months). Disease‐free patients were invited for questionnaires on pain and quality of life.

Results

Of a total of 366 patients, thoracotomy‐related rib fractures were seen in 144 (39%) and thoracic transverse process fractures in 4 (2%) patients. Patients with thoracic fractures more often developed complications (89% vs. 74%, p = 0.002), especially pneumonia (51% vs. 39%, p = 0.032). Questionnaires were completed by 77 after a median of 41 (P25–P75 28–91) months. Long‐term pain was frequently (63%) reported but was not associated with thoracic fractures (p = 0.637), and neither were quality of life scores.

Conclusions

Thoracic fractures are prevalent in patients following a thoracotomy for esophageal cancer. These thoracic fractures were associated with an increased risk of postoperative complications, especially pneumonia, but an association with long‐term pain or reduced quality of life was not confirmed.
Konzepte zur Analyse von Performativität in der Kulturproduktion
Authors: Schwegler Guy
Published: February 2024

In diesem Kapitel werden Konzepte vorgestellt, mit denen die Performativität kultur- und sozialwissenschaftlicher Theorien in einem bestimmten gesellschaftlichen Teilbereich analysiert werden kann: der Kulturproduktion. Zunächst handelt es sich um verschiedene Konzeptualisierungen von Lebensstilen. Die Ergebnisse der Kulturproduktion, die durch die Theorien realisiert werden, können einerseits als Distinktions- und andererseits als Reflexionsressourcen erfasst werden. Darüber hinaus ermöglichen die Feldtheorie und die Konzeptualisierung sozialer Welten die Berücksichtigung unterschiedlicher Interessen im Kontext einer Produktion. Schließlich wird in diesem Kapitel die sogenannte Mediation erläutert, um eine Ontologie der Kulturproduktion genauer zu betrachten.
Methodologien und Methoden für die Analyse von Performativität
Authors: Schwegler Guy
Published: February 2024

In diesem Kapitel wird erläutert, wie sich die methodologischen Grundüberlegungen der Arbeit in das konkrete Vorgehen einer qualitativen Studie umsetzen ließen. Erstere Überlegungen stehen insbesondere im Zusammenhang mit der Herausforderung einer Sozio-Epistemologie: Wie kann gemeinsam mit theoretisch informierten Akteur*innen Wissen über die Performativität der Kultur- und Sozialwissenschaften produziert werden? Unterschiedliche und zum Teil widersprüchliche Antworten auf diese Frage werden dann integriert, indem einerseits auf eine Vermittlung der beiden Megaparadigmen Pragmatismus und Strukturalismus verwiesen wird. Andererseits wird verdeutlicht, wie mit dem Ansatz der Grounded Theory und der daraus abgeleiteten Situationsanalyse bereits ein adäquates Vorgehen ermöglicht werden kann. Abschließend werden die weiteren Ergänzungen erläutert, welche konkret die empirische Arbeit angeleitet haben.
Results
Authors: Damrau Milena
Published: February 2024

In this chapter, information on the sample characteristics and findings from preliminary analysis are given before the results are presented comprehensively, guided by the research questions. Then, observations in which participants responded with “I have no idea” are further analyzed. Lastly, the main findings are summarized.
Baryonic dark forces in electron-beam fixed-target experiments
Authors: Othman Safa Ben , Jalooli Armita , Tulin Sean
Published: February 2024

Abstract

New GeV-scale dark forces coupling predominantly to quarks offer novel signatures that can be produced directly and searched for at high-luminosity colliders. We compute the photon-proton and electron-proton cross sections for producing a GeV-scale gauge boson arising from a U(1)B gauge symmetry. Our calculation relies on vector meson dominance and a phenomenological model for diffractive scattering used for vector-meson photoproduction. The parameters of our phenomenological model are fixed by performing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo fit to existing exclusive photoproduction data for ω and ϕ mesons. Our approach can be generalized to other GeV-scale dark gauge forces.
Pre-existing osteoporosis and serum vitamin D levels in patients with distal radius fractures: are we missing something?
Authors: Falk Steffi S. I. , Richter Meike , Schröder Josephine , Böhme Sina , Mittlmeier Thomas
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Given the significant therapeutic gap for osteoporosis, this study aims to investigate the most common osteoporosis-related fracture. The analysis will also consider patients’ serum vitamin D levels and the indications for basic osteoporosis diagnostic tests and osteoporosis therapy prior to fracture.

Materials and methods

This prospective clinical trial included patients with distal radius fractures who underwent surgery at our hospital between 1 April 2021 and 7 April 2022. Blood samples were taken from all participants and existing risk factors for osteoporosis were recorded. In addition, the indication for a guideline-based osteoporosis diagnosis was assessed and the risk of another future fracture with FRAX® was calculated. This information was used to decide whether there was an indication for specific osteoporosis therapy.

Results

A diagnosis gap of 53% and a treatment gap of 84% were identified among the 102 patients investigated. The patients’ ages ranged from 46 to 91 years, with an average vitamin D level of 57 nmol/l, which was below the recommended level of 75 nmol/l. It was noted on a monthly basis that the vitamin D level (without substitution) never exceeded the recommended value of 75 nmol/l in any month. Three-quarters of patients had indications for a baseline osteoporosis diagnosis, yet less than 50% received one. According to FRAX® data, 57% of patients had indications for specific osteoporosis treatment before experiencing the fracture.

Conclusion

Even without a previous distal radius fracture, many patients are in need of osteoporosis diagnosis or treatment. Our research suggests that patients with distal radius fractures should have their vitamin D levels checked via a blood test and be evaluated for osteoporosis. As endogenous vitamin D levels are often inadequate, year-round vitamin D supplementation should be considered for the prevention of osteomalacia and as a basis for the treatment of osteoporosis.

German clinical trial register ID

DRKS00028085.
Symptoms and problems reported by patients with non-cancer diseases through open-ended questions in specialist palliative care: a national register-based study
Authors: Rojas-Concha Leslye , Hansen Maiken Bang , Groenvold Mogens
Published: February 2024

Purpose

Since 2010, a comprehensive symptom/problem (S/P) assessment has been carried out in Danish specialist palliative care using the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL questionnaire and the open-ended “Write In three Symptoms/Problems” (WISP) instrument. On WISP patients can report up to three S/Ps not included in the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL. However, little is known about which S/Ps patients with non-cancer diseases report using WISP. Therefore, we investigated the prevalence and severity of S/Ps reported on WISP by non-cancer patients in specialist palliative care and compared these S/Ps with those previously reported by cancer patients.

Methods

This register-based study collected data from the Danish Palliative Care Database. We included adult patients with non-cancer diseases answering the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL at admittance to specialist palliative care between 2016 and 2021. WISP responses were qualitatively categorized, and their prevalence and severity calculated.

Results

Of the 2323 patients with non-cancer diseases answering the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL, 812 (34.9%) reported at least one S/P using WISP. A total of 1340 S/Ps were reported on WISP, of which 56.7% were not included in the EORTC QLQ-C15-PAL (i.e., were new). Edema, existential problems, dizziness, cough, and dysphagia were the most prevalent new S/Ps. Overall, 88.7% of the S/Ps were scored as moderate-severe. The prevalence of S/Ps reported on WISP did not significantly differ between cancer and non-cancer patients, except for existential problems, dysphagia, myoclonus, speaking problems, sweats, and vomiting.

Conclusion

The similarities and differences in the prevalence of the most common S/Ps reported on WISP confirm that WISP improves symptom assessment regardless of patient diagnosis.
Partner support for women’s antidepressant treatment and its association with depressive symptoms in pregnant women, mothers, and women planning pregnancy
Authors: Nasrin Tania , Tauqeer Fatima , Bjørndal Ludvig D. , Kittel-Schneider Sarah , Lupattelli Angela
Published: February 2024

Purpose

To examine the association between partner support for women’s antidepressant treatment and depressive symptoms in pregnant women, those planning pregnancy, and mothers who ever used antidepressants.

Methods

We included 334 women (n=44 planners, n=182 pregnant, n=108 mothers) ever treated with antidepressants within the HEALTHx2 study, a web-based cross-sectional study conducted across Norway in June 2020 to June 2021. The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and two questions of the Patient Health Questionnaire measured depressive symptoms, by degree of severity and for depressed mood, anxiety, and anhedonia sub-dimensions. Partner support was measured using one item from the Antidepressant Compliance Questionnaire. Association was estimated via unadjusted and adjusted linear and logistic regression models.

Results

Being unsupported by the partner was associated with increased odds of reporting moderate-to-very-severe depressive symptoms in mothers (adjusted odds ratio (aOR), 3.57; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.04–12.19) and pregnant women (aOR, 3.26; 95% CI, 0.95–11.14), relative to being supported. Pregnant women (adjusted mean difference (β), 0.76; 95% CI, 0.14–1.38) and mothers (β, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.23–1.64) with no support for their antidepressant treatment presented greater symptoms of anhedonia; for women planning pregnancy, this association emerged in relation to anxiety symptoms (β among non-users of antidepressant, 2.58; 95% CI, 1.04–4.13).

Conclusions

Partner support for women’s antidepressant treatment may play a key role in depressive symptoms severity and the subtypes of anhedonia and anxiety, among women planning pregnancy, pregnant women, and mothers. This highlights the importance of partner inclusion in the complex decision-making process for antidepressant treatment around the time of pregnancy.
High-performance thin-layer chromatography‒multi-stage mass spectrometry methods for analyses of bee pollen botanically originating from sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.)
Authors: Glavnik Vesna , Bensa Maja , Vovk Irena , Guzelmeric Etil
Published: February 2024

High-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC) silica gel and amino plates in combination with developing solvents containing formic and acetic acid were examined for HPTLC‒multi-stage mass spectrometry (MSn) analyses of chestnut bee pollen samples from Slovenia and Türkiye. Ethyl acetate‒formic acid‒acetic acid‒water (10:1.1:1.1:2.6, V/V) and ethyl acetate‒dichloromethane‒formic acid‒acetic acid (10:2.5:1:1.1, V/V) were used for development of silica gel and amino plates, respectively. Twofold pre-development was required for the developed HPTLC‒MSn methods. The first pre-development was performed with methanol‒formic acid (10:3, V/V) for silica gel plates and methanol‒formic acid (10:5, V/V) for amino plates. The second pre-development with methanol was equal for both types of the plates. Using the developed HPTLC‒MSn methods, five phenylamides (spermidines), six isorhamnetin glycosides and gluconic acid were identified in both chestnut bee pollen samples. Glycosylated phenolic acid (caffeic acid-hexoside) was detected only in the Turkish bee pollen sample. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on isorhamnetin-(hexosyl)hexoside, isorhamnetin-acetylhexoside, isorhamnetin-(pentosyl-deoxyhexosyl)hexoside and caffeic acid-hexoside in chestnut bee pollen. This is also the first report on isorhamnetin-(pentosyl-deoxyhexosyl)hexoside and caffeic acid-hexoside in any bee products.
Adiposity influences on myocardial deformation: a cardiovascular magnetic resonance feature tracking study in people with overweight to obesity without established cardiovascular disease
Authors: Bolz Constantin , Blaszczyk Edyta , Mayr Thomas , Lim Carolin , Haufe Sven , Jordan Jens , Barckow Philipp , Gröschel Jan , Schulz-Menger Jeanette
Published: February 2024

The objective of this study was to assess whether dietary-induced weight loss improves myocardial deformation in people with overweight to obesity without established cardiovascular disease applying cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) with feature tracking (FT) based strain analysis. Ninety people with overweight to obesity without established cardiovascular disease (age 44.6 ± 9.3 years, body mass index (BMI) 32.6 ± 4 kg/m2) underwent CMR. We retrospectively quantified FT based strain and LA size and function at baseline and after a 6-month hypocaloric diet, with either low-carbohydrate or low-fat intake. The study cohort was compared to thirty-four healthy normal-weight controls (age 40.8 ± 16.0 years, BMI 22.5 ± 1.4 kg/m2). At baseline, the study cohort with overweight to obesity without established cardiovascular disease displayed significantly increased global circumferential strain (GCS), global radial strain (GRS) and LA size (all p < 0.0001 versus controls) but normal global longitudinal strain (GLS) and normal LA ejection fraction (all p > 0.05 versus controls). Dietary-induced weight loss led to a significant reduction in GCS, GRS and LA size irrespective of macronutrient composition (all p < 0.01). In a population with overweight to obesity without established cardiovascular disease subclinical myocardial changes can be detected applying CMR. After dietary-induced weight loss improvement of myocardial deformation could be shown. A potential clinical impact needs further studies.
Relative Price Changes of Ecosystem Services: Evidence from Germany
Authors: Heckenhahn Jonas , Drupp Moritz A.
Published: February 2024

Discounting future costs and benefits is a crucial yet contentious practice in the appraisal of long-term public projects with environmental consequences. The standard approach typically neglects that ecosystem services are not easily substitutable with market goods and often exhibit considerably lower growth rates. Theory has shown that we should either apply differentiated discount rates, such as a lower environmental discount rate, or account for increases in relative scarcity by uplifting environmental values. Some governments already integrate this into their guidance, but empirical evidence is scarce. We provide first comprehensive country-specific evidence, taking Germany as a case study. We estimate growth rates of 15 ecosystem services and the degree of limited substitutability based on a meta-analysis of 36 willingness to pay studies in Germany. We find that the relative price of ecosystem services has increased by more than four percent per year in recent decades. Heterogeneity analyses suggest that relative price changes are most substantial for regulating ecosystem services. Our findings underscore the importance of considering relative price adjustments in governmental project appraisal and environmental-economic accounting.
RGB-D Based Visual SLAM Algorithm for Indoor Crowd Environment
Authors: Li Jianfeng , Dai Juan , Su Zhong , Zhu Cui
Published: February 2024

Most current research on dynamic visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) systems focuses on scenes where static objects occupy most of the environment. However, in densely populated indoor environments, the movement of the crowd can lead to the loss of feature information, thereby diminishing the system’s robustness and accuracy. This paper proposes a visual SLAM algorithm for dense crowd environments based on a combination of the ORB-SLAM2 framework and RGB-D cameras. Firstly, we introduced a dedicated target detection network thread and improved the performance of the target detection network, enhancing its detection coverage in crowded environments, resulting in a 41.5% increase in average accuracy. Additionally, we found that some feature points other than humans in the detection box were mistakenly deleted. Therefore, we proposed an algorithm based on standard deviation fitting to effectively filter out the features. Finally, our system is evaluated on the TUM and Bonn RGB-D dynamic datasets and compared with ORB-SLAM2 and other state-of-the-art visual dynamic SLAM methods. The results indicate that our system’s pose estimation error is reduced by at least 93.60% and 97.11% compared to ORB-SLAM2 in high dynamic environments and the Bonn RGB-D dynamic dataset, respectively. Our method demonstrates comparable performance compared to other recent visual dynamic SLAM methods.
On the Structural Conditions Shaping Implementation of Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender and Queer (LGBTQ)-Inclusive Practices Within Intimate Partner Services in Australia
Authors: Lim Gene , Lusby Stephanie , Carman Marina , Bourne Adam
Published: February 2024

Purpose

IPV constitutes a serious health concern for LGBTQ populations within Australia, yet inclusive service provision remains sparsely and unevenly accessible to victim-survivors. While poor availability and accessibility of inclusive services is widely recognized as an issue facing LGBTQ victim-survivors, few researchers have examined the structural or systemic basis of this problem. The current piece seeks to explore the structural conditions obstructing inclusive service provision to LGBTQ victim-survivors, from the perspective of service providers.

Method

N = 19 interviews were conducted with N = 21 key personnel with affiliations to a variety of: (i) general population service organizations, (ii) community-led service organizations and (ii) advisory or convening groups. Interviews explored the structural conditions of the IPV service sector, focusing on barriers and enablers to implementing inclusive service provision for LGBTQ populations.

Results

Three broad factors that obstructed or curtailed inclusive service implementation were identified. These were namely: (i) resistance from both internal and external sources around inclusive practice, (ii) accommodating keeping demands in resource constrained contexts, and (ii) political will and LGBTQ visibility within official policy. Responses to these challenges on the organizational level were sometimes sufficient to meaningfully – though only partially – ameliorate these factors, but seldom addressed the structural conditions that necessitate such responses.

Conclusion

Inclusive service provision is a crucial element of victim-survivor recovery. The sporadic accessibility of such services within Australia can be attributed to several core features of sector and policy landscapes, which demand a significant degree of inter-organizational collaboration and collective advocacy to overcome.
Superconductivity in Centrosymmetric TaCx with x = 0.0, 1.25, and 1.50
Authors: Castro A.A. , Ascencio Francisco , Escudero Roberto
Published: February 2024

In this research work, we report the synthesis, crystal structure, Raman Study, and magnetic properties at low temperatures of TaCx (x = 0.00, 1.25, and 1.50) compounds. The experiments are performed on polycrystalline samples synthesized by an arc melting method. The samples show a cubic phase with FFC structure measurements by XRD and were further analyzed by Rietveld refinements in which the small impurity of the Ta2C and T2O5 was detected. Raman spectroscopy shows the characteristics of TaC peaks being associated with disordered band (D) and graphitic band (G). The transmission electron microscopy study was performed to obtain the morphology, size, and microstructure of the samples. The magnetic property magnetization curves in zero field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) modes reveal that the system is characterized as a type II superconductor. The most important aspect of this study is observed with the increase of C doping amount; the Tc presents a slightly increasing tendency from 9 K to 9.5 K.
The misruling elites: the state, local elites, and the social geography of the Chinese Revolution
Authors: Xu Xiaohong , Png Ivan , Chu Junhong , Chen Yehning
Published: February 2024

The existing scholarship has developed six main explanations to account for the success of the Chinese Revolution, which has been anomalous for major paradigms derived from cross-national comparisons. Methodologically, we use a social geographical approach to test these existing explanations systematically by constructing and analyzing a unique dataset of Communist growth in 93 counties in the three most contested provinces during its most pivotal period of ascendence. Theoretically, we advance and test an alternative perspective, based on the groundwork of Tocqueville and Fei Xiaotong, that integrates the state-centric theory, elite theory, and cultural analysis. Our perspective emphasizes the interplay between state centralization and local elite structure, which leads to intensified state extraction and local elite fracturing, thus creating favorable conditions for revolution. The quantitative analysis strongly supports the importance of the Japanese invasion but provides limited support for many other conventional explanations. The analysis largely confirms the Tocqueville-Fei perspective on state centralization, elite fracturing, cultural change, and revolution. The findings are buttressed by a detailed case study of Lianshui County. The study unveils a common structural challenge that a modernizing state faces in an agrarian status society, to recreate its political legitimacy while disrupting local elite structure. It also sheds historical light on the evolution of state-society relationship through the Chinese Revolution.
Antecedents of school burnout: A longitudinal mediation study
Authors: Cengiz Serkan , Peker Adem
Published: February 2024

School burnout is a growing problem among university students. This two-wave longitudinal study examined the mediating effects of academic self-efficacy, grit, and academic resilience in the relationship between academic perfectionism and helicopter parenting, and school burnout in university students based on the Theory of Self- vs. Externally-Regulated Learning (SRL vs. ERL), and Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). A total of 481 college students completed measurements at Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2) (Mage = 22.2; 61.5% female, 38.5% male). For analysis, the SPSS version 26 and Mplus version 7.0 were used. The results reveal that academic self-efficacy, grit, and academic resilience at Time 2 mediate the relationship between academic perfectionism and helicopter parent attitude at Time 1 and school burnout at Time 2. These findings reveal the key role of self-efficacy, grit, and academic resilience in reducing school burnout.
Diseases as social problems
Authors: Saborido Cristian , Zamora-Bonilla Jesús
Published: February 2024

In this paper we articulate a characterization of the concept of disease as a social problem. We argue that, from a social ontology point of view, diseases are problems that are identified and addressed within the framework of concrete social institutions and practices (those that shape medicine). This approach allows us to overcome the classical distinction between naturalist and normativist approaches in the philosophy of medicine, taking into account both the material and the symbolic factors that shape the categories and determine the practices of medicine.
3 M antimicrobial incise drape combined with MEBO in wound recovery of postoperative hypospadias surgery
Authors: Li Hongyan , Li Junting , Yao Xiaoyan , Chu Han
Published: February 2024

Objective

To evaluate the efficacy of different dressing methods in wound healing and the postoperative outcome in children who underwent hypospadias repair.

Methods

Altogether 109 children with distal hypospadias who underwent urethroplasty were recruited from our hospital between January 2021 and March 2023. All patients were randomized in two groups according to the different dressing methods: Group A receiving 3 M antimicrobial incise drape + MEBO (moisture-exposed burn ointment) and Group B receiving absorbent dressing + elastic bandage dressing. The age at surgery, operation time, bleeding during the dressing, postoperative changes in glans color, dressing fell off, comfort of children during the dressing, difficulty in dressing removal, and degree of pain during dressing removal were compared between the two groups.

Results

Differences in age at surgery (p = 0.337) and operation time (p = 0.055) were not significant between the two groups. The overall effectiveness of the dressing was better in Group A than that in Group B. Only five cases in Group A had blood leakage after dressing (p = 0.006), and there was no dressing dislocation (p < 0.001) or glans color abnormality (p < 0.001). Moreover, the number of complication cases was less. The overall comfort and pain degree during dressing removal in Group A was better than that in Group B (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

Postoperative dressing using 3 M antimicrobial incise drape + MEBO can achieve lower incidence rates of bleeding during dressing, postoperative glans darkening, and dressing falling off, a lower pain degree during dressing removal, and a better overall comfort level than those of the control group. This method is cost-effective and clinically safe, which contributes to the postoperative recovery of children with hypospadias and is thus worth promoting and applying.
Conspicuous, green flowers are an honest signal of nectar rewards in a bird-pollinated tree (Fuchsia excorticata, Onagraceae)
Authors: Lim Ganges , Burns K. C.
Published: February 2024

Bird-pollinated flowers typically appear ‘red’. Fuchsia excorticata (Onagraceae), a gynodioecious tree species endemic to New Zealand, is a notable exception. It produces ‘green’, cauliflorous flowers at early stages in flower ontogeny, when pistils are receptive. Flowers later turn ‘red’ as they lose their receptivity. We conducted field observations and spectrographic analyses to test whether: (1) receptive, green-phase flowers are actually more conspicuous to avian pollinators against their natural backgrounds than unreceptive, red-phase flowers, (2) green-phase flowers produce more nectar, and (3) relationships between flower conspicuousness and nectar production are similar in females and hermaphrodites. Results showed that the reflectance properties of green-phase flowers sharply contrast ‘orange’ tree bark, their natural visual background, rendering them more conspicuous to the avian eye than red-phase flowers. Green-phase flowers also produced more nectar than red-phase flowers as an honest signal of rewards. Similar results were observed in both female and hermaphrodite plants. Overall results provide an unusual example of reversed flower-background colour contrasts, with ‘reddish’ hues being incorporated into the visual backgrounds of floral displays rather than being associated with the flowers themselves. They also illustrate that flower conspicuousness can serve as an honest signal of nectar rewards to pollinators.
Bacterial diversity in semen from stallions in three European countries evaluated by 16S sequencing
Authors: Malaluang Pongpreecha , Niazi Adnan , Guo Yongzhi , Nagel Christina , Guimaraes Tiago , Rocha Antonio , Aurich Christine , Morrell Jane M.
Published: February 2024

The microbiome plays a significant role in shaping the health and functioning of the systems it inhabits. The seminal microbiome of stallions has implications for the health of the reproductive tract, sperm quality during preservation and antibiotic use in semen extenders. Diverse bacteria are present on the external genital tract and a mix of commensal microorganisms populates various parts of the reproductive tract, influencing the seminal bacterial content. Other sources of bacteria include the environment, semen collection equipment, and personnel. The bacterial load can adversely affect sperm quality and fertility, particularly in artificial insemination, where semen is extended and stored before use. Antibiotics are frequently used to inhibit bacterial growth, but their effectiveness varies depending on the bacterial strains present. The aim of this study was to assess the bacterial diversity in semen from 37 healthy stallions across three European nations (Germany, Portugal, and Sweden) using 16S sequencing. Semen samples were collected from individual stallions at three AI centers; DNA extraction, sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were performed. Differences in bacterial diversity among the stallions were seen; although bacterial phyla were shared across the regions, differences were observed at the genus level. Climate, husbandry practices, and individual variability likely contribute to these differences. These findings underscore the importance of tailoring antibiotic strategies for semen preservation based on regional bacterial profiles. The study presents a comprehensive approach to understanding the intricacies of the stallion seminal microbiome and its potential implications for reproductive technologies and animal health.
Differently managed reed beds are home to Coleoptera communities differing in diversity, overall biomass and size
Authors: Andersen Line Holm , Rafn Jeppe , Pertoldi Cino , Bahrndorff Simon , Bruhn Dan
Published: February 2024

Reed beds can be managed for commercial or conservation purposes, with effects on its inhabitants. In this paper, we assess the effect of management on the reed bed Coleoptera community by investigating reed beds subject to winter cutting, winter harvest, short-term unmanaged (3 years), and long-term unmanaged (25 years). Using pit fall traps, we collected Coleoptera across a summer season to estimate Coleoptera biomass, abundance, size, richness, diversity, and community composition across the four types of management of reed beds. Cutting and harvest both show to increase Coleoptera biomass compared to unmanaged reed beds, with the highest Coleoptera abundance found in the harvested reed bed. The species richness and diversity, on the other hand, peaked in the long-term unmanaged reed bed. Community composition differed between the different management types, and across time. Species of conservation concern were most abundant in recently managed areas. These results have implications for the conservation of the reed bed Coleoptera community. First, to maintain a high Coleoptera diversity, some areas must be left unmanaged. Secondly, to secure habitats for species of conservation concern as well as boost the Coleoptera biomass, frequent management of other areas is advised. This mosaic management pattern will also create the overall most species rich reed bed, as unique Coleoptera communities were found in each management type.
Intercropping organic broccoli with Rhododendron tomentosum and Fagopyrum esculentum: a test of bottom-up and top-down strategies for reducing herbivory
Authors: Bui Thuy Nga T. , Mofikoya Adedayo , Blande James D. , Holopainen Jarmo K. , Himanen Sari J.
Published: February 2024

Brassicaceous plants are attacked by a wealth of specialist herbivores that include the Diamondback moth (DBM) Plutella xylostella L. (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), control of which requires novel biocontrol strategies. DBM is a cosmopolitan pest causing damage that varies yearly in Finland depending on the timing and extent of their migration. Intercropping with companion plants can hamper host location by herbivores or attract their natural enemies. We tested two sustainable companion plant-based protection strategies on field-grown broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), which comprised 1) aromatic and repellent-releasing Rhododendron tomentosum (RT) (bottom-up strategy), and 2) nectar-producing buckwheat Fagopyrum esculentum (FE) (top-down strategy) combined with an early-season floating row cover (mechanical control) (MC + FE). In addition, a control (no companion plant or cover) and mechanical control (MC) without FE were included. DBM adults on yellow sticky traps and larvae on plants were counted, and feeding damage on leaves was quantified. Volatile organic compounds emitted by broccoli plants in control and RT plots, and emitted by boundary RT plants in RT plots, were identified and quantified. There was a mass outbreak of DBM in early summer with a population peak in mid-July when the second adult generation emerged. DBM adult densities were significantly lower in RT and MC + FE than in control plots. Broccoli in RT plots had a lower larval density and lower damage intensity than in control plots in the early-season. Larval densities and damage intensities were the highest in the latter half of July. Control plots had the highest number of larvae followed by RT, MC, and MC + FE plots. Damage intensities in control plots were significantly higher than in all other treatments throughout the season. Damage intensity was lower in MC and MC + FE plots than in RT plots at the end-of-July. R. tomentosum emitted two characteristic sesquiterpene alcohols, palustrol and ledol, but no evidence of adsorption and re-release of these compounds from Brassica plants grown in RT plots was found. We conclude that incorporating RT as a boundary plant and using a mechanical row cover reduces DBM damage on broccoli, but further multi-year trials under varying degrees of pest pressure are needed.
Sociologists in Italy Between Cultural and Normative Legitimization. The Failed Construction of a Community of Practice
Authors: Martini Elvira , Mangone Emiliana
Published: February 2024

The profession of sociologist in Italy has undergone the same ups and downs as the development of the discipline, which since its institutionalisation (which came very late) has always had to fight for autonomy and the search for legitimate recognition as a science within the wider world of social sciences (economics, political science, etc.). This has produced two conditions that have not favoured the construction of a real community of practice of sociologists: on the one hand, a scarce or total lack of cultural legitimization for the the work of the sociologist that is a consequence of a sociology perpetually in crisis and in search of political recognition and influence that has never been achieved; on the other hand, the separation between academic sociologists and professional sociologists which has resulted, for the former, in the analysis, explanation and interpretation (on the basis of different disciplinary paradigms) of sociocultural processes and changes in society, without any real direct involvement (theoretical sociology), while for the latter, in the comparison, measurement, evaluation of observable processes in the context of the social reality of which one is a part (applied sociology). This article focuses on the “lights” and “shadows” of the professional development of sociologists in Italy, starting from the assumption, however, that a regulatory legitimization can never be complete unless a cultural legitimization and recognition is achieved that can consolidate a professional identity that allows differentiation with other “neighbouring” professions.
Relation Between Desire and Sexual Satisfaction in Different Typologies of Adherence to the Sexual Double Standard
Authors: Cervilla Oscar , Álvarez-Muelas Ana , Jimeno Fernández Lola , Sierra Juan Carlos
Published: February 2024

This study examines the association between sexual desire and sexual satisfaction in sexual double standard typologies (i.e., egalitarian, man-favorable and woman-favorable) in the sexual freedom and sexual shyness areas. The sexual double standard (SDS), sexual desire (partner-focused dyadic, dyadic for an attractive person, and solitary) and sexual satisfaction were assessed in 444 men and 499 heterosexual women with a partner (M = 37.33; SD = 12.09). The results showed that dyadic sexual desire toward a partner was the main positive predictor of sexual satisfaction for men and women in all the SDS typologies, and in both the sexual freedom and sexual shyness areas. Solitary sexual desire was negatively associated with sexual satisfaction in men and women adhered to the woman-favorable SDS typology, and in men in the egalitarian typology in the sexual shyness area. Sexual desire for an attractive person showed no relation with sexual satisfaction. In conclusion, the importance of the SDS in relating sexual desire and sexual satisfaction in men and women is highlighted.
Chemistry and biology of marine-derived Trichoderma metabolites
Authors: Song Yin-Ping , Ji Nai-Yun
Published: February 2024

Marine-derived fungi of the genus Trichoderma have been surveyed for pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals since 1993, with various new secondary metabolites being characterized from the strains of marine animal, plant, sediment, and water origin. Chemical structures and biological activities of these metabolites are comprehensively reviewed herein up to the end of 2022 (covering 30 years). More than 70 strains that belong to at least 18 known Trichoderma species have been chemically investigated during this period. As a result, 445 new metabolites, including terpenes, steroids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and others, have been identified, with over a half possessing antimicroalgal, zooplankton-toxic, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and other activities. The research is highlighted by the molecular diversity and antimicroalgal potency of terpenes and steroids. In addition, metabolic relevance along with co-culture induction in the production of new compounds is also concluded. Trichoderma strains of marine origin can transform and degrade heterogeneous molecules, but these functions need further exploration.

Graphical Abstract
Modeling future (2021–2050) meteorological drought characteristics using CMIP6 climate scenarios in the Western Cape Province, South Africa
Authors: Ngwenya Mthulisi , Simatele Mulala Danny
Published: February 2024

Consistent drought modelling under plausible shared socioeconomic–representative concentration pathways (SSP–RCPs) are crucial for effectively managing future drought risk in agricultural environments. The Western Cape (WC) is one of South Africa’s main agro-based provinces and faces a mounting threat of water insecurity due to recurrent drought. The objective of this study was to predict meteorological drought hazard for 2021–2050 based on three CMIP6 scenarios: SSP5–8.5, SSP2–4.5 and SSP1–2.6. Precipitation simulations generated by the sixth version of Model for Interdisciplinary Research on Climate (MIROC6) under the SSP5–8.5, SSP2–4.5 and SSP1–2.6 scenarios were used from fifteen stations across the six AEZs of the WC province. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) was computed at 12-month timescales. Trend analysis of precipitation datasets and the SPI-values were done at p < 0.05 using the Mann–Kendall (M–K) test. The findings revealed negative precipitation trends of − 7.6 mm/year in Ceres, while positive trends of 0.3 mm/year were observed in Malmesbury. These findings indicate an improvement from − 7.8 and − 6.4 mm/year in the same regions, respectively, compared to historical trends observed between 1980 and 2020. The results suggest that in 2042 and 2044, Bredasdorp will experience − 2 < SPI < − 1.5 under the SSP2–4.5 scenarios, while Matroosberg in 2038 under the SSP5–8.5 will experience SPI > − 2. The findings of this study will assist in the development of proactive planning and implementation of drought mitigation strategies and policies aimed at reducing water insecurity in AEZs.
Cuticular chemical compounds of puparial cases of three forensically important blow flies from Egypt: potential for accurate identification and forensic investigations
Authors: Zaher Eman E. , Rashed Salwa S. , Abdel-Halim Fatma A. , Mohammed Samar M. , Salem Abeer M.
Published: February 2024

The distinct and species-specific chemical compounds found on the insect cuticle have demonstrated effectiveness in various applications, including species identification. Accurate identification of fly species becomes challenging when only damaged empty puparial cases are available, making it difficult to use traditional morphological and molecular identification methods. This study aimed to analyze the chemical compositions of puparial exuviae from three forensically and medically important fly species; Lucilia sericata, Chrysomya albiceps, and Chrysomya marginalis. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) was employed to assess the chemical profiles of these exuviae and evaluate their accuracy in identifying Dipteran insects. The study revealed the presence of twelve classes of chemical compounds across the three species, with retention times ranging from 18.78 to 35.03. A total of forty-two compounds with chain lengths ranging from C12 to C45 were identified. The profiles of Ch. albiceps and L. sericata displayed similarities, with alcohol being the most abundant compound (28.6%) in L. sericata. However, alkanes, including n-alkanes, branched alkanes, and cycloalkanes, constituted the main components of the cuticles in the three species, with Ch. marginalis displaying the highest percentage. These findings represent an initial step towards utilizing hydrocarbon composition as a practical tool for distinguishing between forensic species in Egypt.
Early Outcomes of Lisfranc Injuries Treated with Arthrex InternalBrace: A Case Series
Authors: Hoskins Meloria , Wise Patrick , Unangst Alicia , Shaheen Philip , Kreulen Christopher , Aynardi Michael , Giza Eric
Published: February 2024

Introduction

The treatment of Lisfranc injuries continues to evolve with time. The purpose of this study was to report early outcomes of patients with Lisfranc ligamentous injuries treated with the Arthrex InternalBrace, which has benefits to other previously described techniques.

Materials and methods

We retrospectively identified 15 adult patients with Lisfranc injuries that were treated via open reduction internal fixation with the Arthrex InternalBrace (Naples, Fl). These patients were identified at two separate United States institutions between 2019 and 2022. Demographic data, mechanism of injury, and concomitant foot injuries were recorded. Outcomes were assessed by return-to-work or sport and time to weight-bearing. Secondary complications or revision surgeries were noted.

Results

The mean patient age was 35 years. Eight patients had isolated Lisfranc ligamentous injuries and seven had additional intercuneiform instability, which required a supplemental limb of the fixation device. The most common mechanism of injury was a cutting/pivoting maneuver (n = 5) followed by fall (n = 4). The mean radiographic follow-up time was 7.3 months. The average time to weight-bearing as tolerated was 6.6 weeks (± 2.2). The average time to return-to-work/sport as tolerated was 14.1 weeks (± 3.6). Only two minor complications were noted at follow-up but no major complications or revision surgeries occurred.

Conclusions

The outcomes of this case series suggest that the Arthrex InternalBrace is a viable option when performing open reduction and internal fixation of Lisfranc ligamentous injuries. Future prospective studies are needed to directly compare this device with alternative fixation methods.

Graphical Abstract
Understanding the influence of interpersonal factors on interactions in co-design through intersubjectivity: a systematic literature review
Authors: Ehkirch Quentin , Matsumae Akane
Published: February 2024

Design, like any social activity, greatly depends on human relationships for efficiency and sustainability. Collaborative design (co-design) in particular relies on strong interactions between members, as ideas and concepts become shared, going from personal (creation) to interpersonal (co-creation). There is, then, a need to understand how interpersonal factors influence interactions in co-design, and this understanding can be achieved by using the insights gleaned from research on intersubjectivity, the field of social interactions. This literature study was conducted using a systematic literature review to identify and classify the different methods used to measure intersubjectivity and see how this knowledge could explain the influence of interpersonal factors on interactions in co-design. The review identified 66 methods, out of which 4 main categories were determined. Furthermore, 115 articles were analysed and systematized in an online database, leading to a new understanding of the role of interpersonal factors in measuring the interactive levels in co-design. They reveal a positive correlation, where a rising level of interactivity is made possible by the formation and maintenance of co-creation, leading to a state of resonance where the experiences of individuals are closely related. This paper presents a state-of-the-art report on trends in the study of intersubjectivity through interpersonal factors and proposes some directions for designers and researchers interested in taking these factors into consideration for their next co-design situation.