bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Secondary phenotype analysis in ascertained family designs: application to the Leiden longevity study
Authors: Tissier Renaud , Tsonaka Roula , Mooijaart Simon P. , Slagboom Eline , Houwing‐Duistermaat Jeanine J.
Published: March 2017

The case‐control design is often used to test associations between the case‐control status and genetic variants. In addition to this primary phenotype, a number of additional traits, known as secondary phenotypes, are routinely recorded, and typically, associations between genetic factors and these secondary traits are studied too. Analysing secondary phenotypes in case‐control studies may lead to biased genetic effect estimates, especially when the marker tested is associated with the primary phenotype and when the primary and secondary phenotypes tested are correlated. Several methods have been proposed in the literature to overcome the problem, but they are limited to case‐control studies and not directly applicable to more complex designs, such as the multiple‐cases family studies. A proper secondary phenotype analysis, in this case, is complicated by the within families correlations on top of the biased sampling design. We propose a novel approach to accommodate the ascertainment process while explicitly modelling the familial relationships. Our approach pairs existing methods for mixed‐effects models with the retrospective likelihood framework and uses a multivariate probit model to capture the association between the mixed type primary and secondary phenotypes. To examine the efficiency and bias of the estimates, we performed simulations under several scenarios for the association between the primary phenotype, secondary phenotype and genetic markers. We will illustrate the method by analysing the association between triglyceride levels and glucose (secondary phenotypes) and genetic markers from the Leiden Longevity Study, a multiple‐cases family study that investigates longevity. © 2017 The Authors.Statistics in MedicinePublished by JohnWiley & Sons Ltd.
A scaling approach to record linkage
Authors: Goldstein Harvey , Harron Katie , Cortina‐Borja Mario
Published: March 2017

With increasing availability of large datasets derived from administrative and other sources, there is an increasing demand for the successful linking of these to provide rich sources of data for further analysis. Variation in the quality of identifiers used to carry out linkage means that existing approaches are often based upon ‘probabilistic’ models, which are based on a number of assumptions, and can make heavy computational demands. In this paper, we suggest a new approach to classifying record pairs in linkage, based upon weights (scores) derived using a scaling algorithm. The proposed method does not rely on training data, is computationally fast, requires only moderate amounts of storage and has intuitive appeal. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Highly Stretchable Superhydrophobic Composite Coating Based on Self‐Adaptive Deformation of Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Hu Xin , Tang Changyu , He Zhoukun , Shao Hong , Xu Keqin , Mei Jun , Lau Woon‐Ming
Published: March 2017

With the rapid development of stretchable electronics, functional textiles, and flexible sensors, water‐proof protection materials are required to be built on various highly flexible substrates. However, maintaining the antiwetting of superhydrophobic surface under stretching is still a big challenge since the hierarchical structures at hybridized micro‐nanoscales are easily damaged following large deformation of the substrates. This study reports a highly stretchable and mechanically stable superhydrophobic surface prepared by a facile spray coating of carbon black/polybutadiene elastomeric composite on a rubber substrate followed by thermal curing. The resulting composite coating can maintain its superhydrophobic property (water contact angle ≈170° and sliding angle <4°) at an extremely large stretching strain of up to 1000% and can withstand 1000 stretching–releasing cycles without losing its superhydrophobic property. Furthermore, the experimental observation and modeling analysis reveal that the stable superhydrophobic properties of the composite coating are attributed to the unique self‐adaptive deformation ability of 3D hierarchical roughness of the composite coating, which delays the Cassie–Wenzel transition of surface wetting. In addition, it is first observed that the damaged coating can automatically recover its superhydrophobicity via a simple stretching treatment without incorporating additional hydrophobic materials.
Basic parameters test and 3D modeling of bond between high‐strength concrete and ribbed steel bar after elevated temperatures
Authors: Zhao Weiping , Zhu Binrong
Published: March 2017

This paper presents basic parameters test and an efficient numerical model for the bond between reinforcing bars and concrete after elevated temperatures. The chemical adhesive and friction coefficient are measured by self‐designed setups, and the variation law of the parameters is summarized. In the 3D modeling, bar‐to‐concrete interface has been modeled by means of an explicit discretization of the bar ribs. Surface‐to‐surface contact pair elements are employed for the interface, and the tangential contact behavior is elastic‐plastic with a Coulomb‐type friction model. Comparison between experimental and numerical results shows that the proposed model describes the behavior of steel bar relatively well in the pull‐out process after elevated temperatures. The 3D modeling makes up some deficiencies of macro pull‐out test, such as the detailed stress distributions and crack patterns.
Zebrafish models of non‐canonical Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling: fishing for valuable insight into vertebrate polarized cell behavior
Authors: Jussila Maria , Ciruna Brian
Published: March 2017

Planar cell polarity (PCP) coordinates the uniform orientation, structure and movement of cells within the plane of a tissue or organ system. It is beautifully illustrated in the polarized arrangement of bristles and hairs that project from specialized cell surfaces of the insect abdomen and wings, and pioneering genetic studies using the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, have defined a core signalling network underlying PCP. This core PCP/non‐canonical Wnt signalling pathway is evolutionarily conserved, and studies in zebrafish have helped transform our understanding of PCP from a peculiarity of polarized epithelia to a more universal cellular property that orchestrates a diverse suite of polarized cell behaviors that are required for normal vertebrate development. Furthermore, application of powerful genetics, embryonic cell‐transplantation, and live‐imaging capabilities afforded by the zebrafish model have yielded novel insights into the establishment and maintenance of vertebrate PCP, over the course of complex and dynamic morphogenetic events like gastrulation and neural tube morphogenesis. Although key questions regarding vertebrate PCP remain, with the emergence of new genome‐editing technologies and the promise of endogenous labeling and Cre/LoxP conditional targeting strategies, zebrafish remains poised to deliver fundamental new insights into the function and molecular dynamic regulation of PCP signalling from embryonic development through to late‐onset phenotypes and adult disease states. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e267. doi: 10.1002/wdev.267

This article is categorized under:

Signaling Pathways > Global Signaling Mechanisms

Early Embryonic Development > Gastrulation and Neurulation

Nervous System Development > Vertebrates: General Principles
Histology and ultrastructure of the integumental chromatophores in tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) (Linnaeus, 1758) skin
Authors: Szydłowski Paweł , Madej Jan Paweł , Mazurkiewicz-Kania Marta
Published: March 2017

This paper describes the relationship between the arrangement of dermal chromatophores in tokay gecko (Gekko gecko) skin and the formation of wild-type colouration, with emphasis on the ultrastructure of chromatophores. The samples of the tokay gecko skin were collected from wild-type colouration adult specimens. Morphology and distribution of chromatophores was determined by using light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The present study revealed that orange/red coloured skin of G. gecko contained erythrophores, which were located under basement membrane, and usually comprised deeper situated iridophores and melanophores which were form single layer with iridophores or were occupying the deepest region of dermis. In orange/red coloured skin, erythrophores were the predominant chromatophores. However in blue areas these cells occurred in small numbers or were not noticed at all. In blue pigmented areas predominated iridophores and melanophores. Iridophores were found just under basement membrane, but this superficial location of iridophores occured only in areas without erythrophores. Distribution of erythrophores, melanophores, and iridophores determines the characteristic blue colour of the tokay gecko skin with orange/red dots on the whole body.
Expression of human cytomegalovirus components in the brain tissues of patients with Rasmussen’s encephalitis
Authors: Zhang Yao , Wang Yisong , Chen Sichang , Chen Shuai , Guan Yuguang , Liu Changqing , Li Tianfu , Luan Guoming , An Jing
Published: March 2017

Rasmussen’s encephalitis (RE) is a rare and severe progressive epileptic syndrome with unknown etiology. Infection by viruses, including human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), has been speculated to be a potential trigger for RE. However, no viral antigens have been detected in the brains of patients with RE; thus, a possible clinical linkage between viral infections and RE has not been firmly established. In this study, we evaluated the expression of HCMV pp65 antigen in brain sections from 26 patients with RE and 20 non-RE patients by immunohistochemistry andin situhybridization, and assessed the associations between HCMV infection and clinical parameters. Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 protein and DNA was observed in 88.5% (23/26) and 69.2% (18/26) of RE cases, respectively. In the non-RE group, HCMV pp65 antigen was detected only in two cases (10%), both of which were negative for DNA staining. Additionally, the intensity of HCMV pp65 staining was correlated with a shorter duration of the prodromal stage, younger age of seizure onset, and more severe unilateral cortical atrophy. Elevated expression of HCMV pp65 was observed in RE brain tissue and was correlated with the clinical features of RE disease. In summary, our results suggested that HCMV infection may be involved in the occurrence and progression of RE disease. Thus, further studies are needed to determine whether early treatment with anti-HCMV antibodies could modulate the course of RE.
Childhood Family Structure and Intergenerational Income Mobility in the United States
Authors: Bloome Deirdre
Published: March 2017

The declining prevalence of two-parent families helped increase income inequality over recent decades. Does family structure also condition how economic (dis)advantages pass from parents to children? If so, shifts in the organization of family life may contribute to enduring inequality between groups defined by childhood family structure. Using National Longitudinal Survey of Youth data, I combine parametric and nonparametric methods to reveal how family structure moderates intergenerational income mobility in the United States. I find that individuals raised outside stable two-parent homes are much more mobile than individuals from stable two-parent families. Mobility increases with the number of family transitions but does not vary with children’s time spent coresiding with both parents or stepparents conditional on a transition. However, this mobility indicates insecurity, not opportunity. Difficulties maintaining middle-class incomes create downward mobility among people raised outside stable two-parent homes. Regardless of parental income, these people are relatively likely to become low-income adults, reflecting a new form of perverse equality. People raised outside stable two-parent families are also less likely to become high-income adults than people from stable two-parent homes. Mobility differences account for about one-quarter of family-structure inequalities in income at the bottom of the income distribution and more than one-third of these inequalities at the top.
Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with electroconvulsive therapy: Need for future clinical studies
Authors: Ray Anindya
Published: March 2017

Status epilepticus (SE) is a serious medical emergency. Refractory-SE non-responsive to anesthetic medication is a life threatening condition with very high mortality rate. Proper management of those cases is a big medical challenge. Over the last two decades there are anecdotal reports of successful management of such cases with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in 12 patients of different age group with variable pattern of seizures and different etiology. However, there is no systematic research about it. ECT is a well-known safe, easy- to-administer, low-cost therapeutic modality in the field of neuro-psychiatry. Thus its potential to treat refractory-SE which essentially lacks effective management should be evaluated in future research. The objectives of this article are to do a thorough literature review on use of ECT in refractory-SE; mechanism of action of ECT in refractory-SE; and finally formulate a working protocol for future study of using ECT in patients of refractory-SE.
Laparoscopic hemicolectomy for a patient with situs inversus totalis and colorectal cancer
Authors: Martínez Maria Labalde , Veguillas Redondo Pilar , Carlin Gatica Jorge , Ramia Angel Jose Manuel
Published: March 2017

Situs inversus totalis is a congenital anatomic anomaly characterized by a complete inversion of thoracic and abdominal organs. We present a case of a 67 year-old patient diagnosed with situs inversus totals in his childhood who was referred for a two-month history of hematoquezia. Ascending colon cancer where found and he underwent a laparoscopic hemicolectomy with radical lymphadenectomy. An exhaustive preoperative study and a detailed planning of laparoscopic surgery including positions of operator and assistants and trocar sites have been performed to be aware of anatomic challenges. The operating time was 120 min and blood loss was minimal. Histologic examination showed a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma with serosal invasion and without lymph nodes metastasis (pT3N0). The patient was discharged on postoperative 6th day without complications. Laparoscopic surgery for colon cancer in patients with situs inversus totalis could be more difficult nevertheless a safe and feasible procedure should be performed successfully.
Experiencia en el abordaje de pacientes con complejo extrofia-epispadias en un centro de alto nivel de complejidad en Colombia, 10 años
Authors: Arenas Hoyos Juliana , Pedraza Bermeo Adriana , Pérez Niño Jaime
Published: March 2017

Objetivos El complejo extrofia-epispadias (CEE) se considera una de las malformaciones más severas de la línea media de compromiso multisistémico. La extrofia vesical es la presentación más frecuente en el espectro del complejo. Esta patología tiene un alto impacto en la calidad de vida. A pesar de la relación entre un cierre primario temprano y mejores resultados, en nuestro medio la remisión es tardía y la experiencia es escasa. El objetivo del siguiente estudio es mostrar la experiencia en el abordaje de CEE en los últimos 10 años en una institución de alto nivel de complejidad y remisión en Colombia.

Materiales y métodos Se realiza un estudio observacional descriptivo, con una serie de casos del 2006 al 2016.

Resultados En 10 años, se presentaron 5 casos de CEE en un centro de alta complejidad y remisión en Colombia. La mayoría de los pacientes han tenido múltiples intervenciones; la edad del primer procedimiento fue 829 días en promedio (27,6 meses). Se ha tenido un seguimiento postoperatorio promedio de 2,8 años. No se han presentado neoplasias en el seguimiento. Las comorbilidades más frecuentes son infección y litiasis. Ninguno de los pacientes contactados reportó inicio de vida sexual. La escala International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI-SF) tuvo un promedio de 9 puntos. Existen factores sociales asociados en nuestro medio.

Conclusión El CEE requiere un abordaje temprano y multidisciplinario en instituciones con experiencia; los resultados en continencia urinaria, función sexual, desarrollo psicosocial y calidad de vida están sujetos a tratamiento oportuno de la patología.
Junctional Hemorrhage Control for Tactical Combat Casualty Care
Authors: Kotwal Russ S. , Butler Frank K.
Published: March 2017

During historic, as well as more recent, conflicts, most combat casualties who die from their injuries do so in the prehospital setting. Although many of the injuries incurred by these casualties are nonsurvivable, a number of injuries are still potentially survivable. Of those injuries that are potentially survivable, the majority are truncal, junctional, and extremity hemorrhage. Novel and effective approaches directed toward prehospital hemorrhage control have emerged in recent years, some of which can prove useful in the management of junctional hemorrhage whether in a military or civilian setting. An initial comprehensive review of junctional tourniquets was conducted by the Department of Defense Committee on Tactical Combat Casualty Care in 2013. The objective of this article is to provide an updated review of junctional hemorrhage control efforts and devices as they apply primarily to military prehospital trauma management and Tactical Combat Casualty Care and to prompt further consideration and application of these devices in nonmilitary prehospital, austere, and wilderness environments. Four junctional tourniquets are currently cleared by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for junctional hemorrhage control, and 1 junctional tourniquet is also FDA-cleared for pelvic stabilization. As junctional hemorrhage control efforts progress, scientists need to continue to conduct research and clinicians need to continue to monitor the performance of junctional tourniquets, especially in conjunction with morbidity and mortality outcomes, for both military and civilian trauma patients.
Some remarks on the number of solutions of some nonlinear elliptic problems
Authors: Solimini Sergio
Published: March 2017

This paper studies the multiplicity of solutions of the problem:

\begin{align*}
-\Delta u &= f(x,u)+t\phi\quad &&\text{in }\Omega\\
u&=0 &&\text{on } \partial\Omega
\end{align*}

depending on the parameter

t

for certain terms

ϕ

. The main hypothesis on

f

is that, setting

f_{ \pm } = \lim \limits_{s\rightarrow \pm \:∞}\frac{f(x,s)}{s}

, in the interval

]f_−, f_+[

there are eigenvalues of

−Δ

with the Dirichlet homogeneous boundary conditions on

∂Ω

. Studying the « bifurcation from infinity » of the solutions of the problem, multiplicity or sharp multiplicity results are obtained in the case that such eigenvalues are the first two or the first three or only one and simple. In such a way we improve or sharpen previous results of Lazer and McKenna, Hofer, Gallouet and Kavian and of the author.

Nous étudions le nombre de solutions du problème:

\begin{align*}
-\Delta u &= f(x,u)+t\phi\quad &&\text{dans }\Omega\\
u&=0 &&\text{sur } \partial\Omega
\end{align*}

où

ϕ

est fixée et

t

est un paramètre. L’hypothèse principale sur

f

est la suivante. Posons

f_{ \pm } = \lim \limits_{s\:\rightarrow \: \pm ∞}\frac{f(x,s)}{s}

; alors l’intervalle

]f_−, f_+[

contient au moins une valeur propre de l’opérateur

(−Δ)

avec condition de Dirichlet au bord. Nous étudions la « bifurcation de l’infini » des solutions du problème pour obtenir une estimation (dans certains cas exacte) du nombre de solutions. Nous considérons principalement les cas où

]f_−, f_+[

contient les deux premières valeurs propres, les trois premières, ou seulement une valeur propre simple. Nos résultats améliorent ou précisent certains travaux de Lazer et McKenna, Hofer, Gallouët et Kavian, et de nous-même.
On the dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation
Authors: Buffet E. , De Smedt Ph. , Pulè J.V.
Published: March 2017

We study a non-linear integro-differential equation describing the evolution of a gas of Bosons interacting with a heat bath. The solution is shown to exist globally. A family of Liapunov functionals is constructed and used to prove convergence to equilibrium. The linearized equation determines a semi-group of contractions. The nature of approach to equilibrium (exponential at low density, but not in the two-phase region) is studied in relation to the spectral properties of the generator of the semi-group.

Nous étudions une équation intégro-différentielle non linéaire décrivant l’évolution d’un gaz de Bosons en interaction avec un bain thermique. Nous montrons l’existence globale de la solution. On construit une famille de fonctionnelles de Liapounov, et l’on s’en sert pour démontrer la convergence vers l’équilibre. L’équation linéarisée définit un semi-groupe de contractions. La vitesse de convergence vers l’équilibre (exponentielle en basse densité, mais non dans la région diphasique) est reliée aux propriétés spectrales du générateur de ce semi-groupe.
On the treewidth of random geometric graphs and percolated grids
Authors: Li Anshui , Müller Tobias
Published: March 2017

In this paper we study the treewidth of the random geometric graph, obtained by dropping n points onto the square [0,√n]2 and connecting pairs of points by an edge if their distance is at most r=r(n). We prove a conjecture of Mitsche and Perarnau (2014) stating that, with probability going to 1 as n→∞, the treewidth of the random geometric graph is 𝜣(r√n) when lim inf r>rc, where rc is the critical radius for the appearance of the giant component. The proof makes use of a comparison to standard bond percolation and with a little bit of extra work we are also able to show that, with probability tending to 1 as k→∞, the treewidth of the graph we obtain by retaining each edge of the k×k grid with probability p is 𝜣(k) if p>½ and 𝜣(√log k) if p<½.
Hawkes processes with variable length memory and an infinite number of components
Authors: Hodara Pierre , Löcherbach Eva
Published: March 2017

In this paper we propose a model for biological neural nets where the activity of the network is described by Hawkes processes having a variable length memory. The particularity in this paper is that we deal with an infinite number of components. We propose a graphical construction of the process and build, by means of a perfect simulation algorithm, a stationary version of the process. To implement this algorithm, we make use of a Kalikow-type decomposition technique. Two models are described in this paper. In the first model, we associate to each edge of the interaction graph a saturation threshold that controls the influence of a neuron on another. In the second model, we impose a structure on the interaction graph leading to a cascade of spike trains. Such structures, where neurons are divided into layers, can be found in the retina.
Extreme events of Markov chains
Authors: Papastathopoulos I. , Strokorb K. , Tawn J. A. , Butler A.
Published: March 2017

The extremal behaviour of a Markov chain is typically characterised by its tail chain. For asymptotically dependent Markov chains, existing formulations fail to capture the full evolution of the extreme event when the chain moves out of the extreme tail region, and, for asymptotically independent chains, recent results fail to cover well-known asymptotically independent processes, such as Markov processes with a Gaussian copula between consecutive values. We use more sophisticated limiting mechanisms that cover a broader class of asymptotically independent processes than current methods, including an extension of the canonical Heffernan‒Tawn normalisation scheme, and reveal features which existing methods reduce to a degenerate form associated with nonextreme states.
A unified approach for large queue asymptotics in a heterogeneous multiserver queue
Authors: Miyazawa Masakiyo
Published: March 2017

We are interested in a large queue in a GI/G/kqueue with heterogeneous servers. For this, we consider tail asymptotics and weak limit approximations for the stationary distribution of its queue length process in continuous time under a stability condition. Here, two weak limit approximations are considered. One is when the variances of the interarrival and/or service times are bounded, and the other is when they become large. Both require a heavy-traffic condition. Tail asymptotics and heavy-traffic approximations have been separately studied in the literature. We develop a unified approach based on a martingale produced by a good test function for a Markov process to answer both problems.
Improving Disaster Response Efforts Through the Development of a Disaster Health Care Response System
Authors: Wilson Jonathan A. , McKenzie L. Kendall , McLeod W. Terry , Darsey Damon A. , Craig Jim
Published: March 2017

We review the development of a disaster health care response system in Mississippi aimed at improving disaster response efforts. Large-scale disasters generate many injured and ill patients, which causes a significant utilization of emergency health care services and often requires external support to meet clinical needs. Disaster health care services require a solid infrastructure of coordination and collaboration to be effective. Following Hurricane Katrina, the state of Mississippi implemented best practices from around the nation to establish a disaster health care response system. The State Medical Response System of Mississippi provides an all-hazards system designed to support local response efforts at the time, scope, and scale required to successfully manage the incident. Components of this disaster health care response system can be replicated or adapted to meet the dynamic landscape of health care delivery following disasters. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:600–604)
Physiological Evaluation of Personal Protective Ensembles Recommended for Use in West Africa
Authors: Coca Aitor , Quinn Tyler , Kim Jung-Hyun , Wu Tianzhou , Powell Jeff , Roberge Raymond , Shaffer Ronald
Published: March 2017

Objective

Personal protective equipment (PPE) provides health care workers with a barrier to prevent human contact with viruses like Ebola and potential transmission of the disease. However, PPE can also introduce an additional physiological burden from potentially increased heat stress. This study evaluated the human physiological and subjective responses to continuous light exercise within environmental conditions similar to those in West Africa while wearing 3 different, commonly used PPE ensembles (E1, E2, and E3).

Methods

Six healthy individuals were tested in an environmental chamber (32°C, 92% relative humidity) while walking (3 METs, 2.5 mph, 0% incline) on a treadmill for 60 minutes. All subjects wore medical scrubs and PPE items. E1 also had a face shield and fluid-resistant surgical gown; E2 additionally included goggles, coverall, and separate hood; and E3 also contained a highly impermeable coverall, separate hood, and surgical mask cover over the N95 respirator.

Results

Heart rate and core temperature at the end of the exercise were significantly higher for E2 and E3 than for E1. Subjective perceptions of heat and exertion were significantly higher for E2 and E3 than for E1.

Conclusions

Heat stress and PPE training, as well as the implementation of a work-to-rest ratio that avoids dehydration and possible heat stress issues, are recommended. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:580–586)
Urbanization, Economic Change, and Dental Health in Roman and Medieval Britain
Authors: Griffin Rebecca C.
Published: March 2017

In modern populations, inequalities in oral health have been observed between urban and rural communities, but to date the impact of the place of residence on oral health in archaeological populations has received only limited attention. This meta-study analyses dental palaeopathological data to examine the relationship between place of residence and oral health in Roman, early medieval, and late medieval Britain. Published data on ante-mortem tooth loss, calculus, caries, dental abscesses, and periodontal disease were analysed from cemeteries in urban and rural locations from each period. The results indicate that the place of residence influenced oral health in Roman and late medieval times, with urban populations enjoying better oral health than rural populations in Roman Britain, but poorer oral health in the late Middle Ages. These findings may reflect changes in the nature of urban settlements and in their relationship with their rural hinterlands over time.
Hyperbolic polygonal billiards with finitely many ergodic SRB measures
Authors: DEL MAGNO GIANLUIGI , LOPES DIAS JOÃO , DUARTE PEDRO , GAIVÃO JOSÉ PEDRO
Published: March 2017

We study polygonal billiards with reflection laws contracting the angle of reflection towards the normal. It is shown that if a polygon does not have parallel sides facing each other, then the corresponding billiard map has finitely many ergodic Sinai–Ruelle–Bowen measures whose basins cover a set of full Lebesgue measure.
Oscillating sequences, MMA and MMLS flows and Sarnak’s conjecture
Authors: FAN AI-HUA , JIANG YUNPING
Published: March 2017

We define anoscillating sequence, an important example of which is generated by the Möbius function in number theory. We also define aminimally mean attractable (MMA) flowand aminimally mean-L-stable (MMLS) flow. One of the main results is that any oscillating sequence is linearly disjoint from all MMA and MMLS flows. In particular, this confirms Sarnak’s conjecture for all MMA and MMLS flows. We provide several examples of flows that are MMA and MMLS. These examples include flows defined by all$p$-adic polynomials of integral coefficients, all$p$-adic rational maps with good reduction, all automorphisms of the$2$-torus with zero topological entropy, all diagonalizable affine maps of the$2$-torus with zero topological entropy, all Feigenbaum maps, and all orientation-preserving circle homeomorphisms.
Almost minimal systems and periodicity in hyperspaces
Authors: FERNÁNDEZ LEOBARDO , GOOD CHRIS , PULJIZ MATE
Published: March 2017

Given a self-map of a compact metric space $X$, we study periodic points of the map induced on the hyperspace of closed non-empty subsets of $X$. We give some necessary conditions on admissible sets of periods for these maps. Seemingly unrelated to this, we construct an almost totally minimal homeomorphism of the Cantor set. We also apply our theory to give a full description of admissible period sets for induced maps of the interval maps. The description of admissible periods is also given for maps induced on symmetric products.
Properties of invariant measures in dynamical systems with the shadowing property
Authors: LI JIAN , OPROCHA PIOTR
Published: March 2017

For dynamical systems with the shadowing property, we provide a method of approximation of invariant measures by ergodic measures supported on odometers and their almost one-to-one extensions. For a topologically transitive system with the shadowing property, we show that ergodic measures supported on odometers are dense in the space of invariant measures, and then ergodic measures are generic in the space of invariant measures. We also show that for every $c\geq 0$ and $\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}>0$ the collection of ergodic measures (supported on almost one-to-one extensions of odometers) with entropy between $c$ and $c+\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}$ is dense in the space of invariant measures with entropy at least $c$. Moreover, if in addition the entropy function is upper semi-continuous, then, for every $c\geq 0$, ergodic measures with entropy $c$ are generic in the space of invariant measures with entropy at least $c$.
Feeding performance and life table parameters of Khapra Beetle,Trogoderma granariumEverts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) on various barley cultivars
Authors: Golizadeh A. , Abedi Z.
Published: March 2017

The Khapra beetle,Trogoderma granariumEverts (Coleoptera: Dermestidae), is a common pest of cereal grains and other stored products. In this study, the effects of ten barley cultivars (Abidar, Bahman, Line20, Line22, Line30, Lisuei, Lokht11, Makuyi, Sahand, and Sahraa) were evaluated on life table parameters and nutritional indices ofT. granariumunder the following laboratory conditions: 33 ± 1°C, 60 ± 5% RH, and a photoperiod of 14: 10 (L: D) h. Life history parameters ofT. granariumcould be appropriate indices in resistance and susceptibility evaluation of barley cultivars. The maximum survival rate of immature stages was observed on Makuyi and Lisuei cultivars and the minimum rate was on Abidar and Line22 cultivars. The shortest development time was on Makuyi cultivar and the longest on Line22 cultivar. Pupal weight was ranged from 2.56 mg on Lokht11 to 4.86 mg on Makuyi. Fecundity and egg-hatching rates were highest on Lisuei cultivar and the adults were long-lived on Makuyi cultivar. The highestrmvalues were observed on Makuyi and Lisuei cultivars but lower value of it resulted from rearing ofT. granariumon Line22 cultivar (0.0350 female per female day−1). The results showed thatT. granariumlarvae fed on Makuyi cultivar had higher values of relative consumption rate and relative growth rate. The results indicated that Makuyi and Lisuei cultivars were relatively susceptible barley cultivars and Line22 was the most inappropriate cultivar for feeding ofT. granarium, which could prove useful in the development of Integrated Pest Management programs for this pest.
La longueur des voyelles en cris
Authors: Martin Pierre , Beaulieu Marie-Renee , Fourcaudot Marcel , Malo-Eliceiry Lise , Tessier Hélène
Published: March 2017

La très grande majorité des travaux, ancients et récents, consacrés au cris posent, souvent en d’autres termes mais cela revient au même, que la longueur est phonologique au niveau vocalique. En effet, qu’il s’agisse des ouvrages de Michelson (1939), ou de Bloomfield (1946), ou qu’il s’agisse des travaux de Lacombe (1874), de Hives (1948), de Watkins (1938), de Horden (1881), ou de Howse (1844), ou encore, des recherches de Rogers (1958), de Ellis (1962), de Mackenzie (1971), de Longacre (1957), ou de Wolfart (1973), partout l’on maintient, même si cela est souvent dit autrement, que la longueur exerce une fonction distinctive.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF CUSTOMARY INTERNATIONAL LAW BY INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
Authors: Odermatt Jed
Published: March 2017

In his Fourth Report on the Identification of Customary International Law (2016), Special Rapporteur Sir Michael Wood confirmed that ‘[i]n certain cases, the practice of international organizations also contributes to the expression, or creation, of rules of customary international law’. That the practice of international organizations can be relevant when identifying customary international law is relatively uncontroversial. The issue that is more debated is the extent to which the practice of international organizationsas suchmay contribute to the development of customary international law. Using examples from the European Union's treaty practice and from the Court of Justice of the European Union, this article argues that international organizations may contribute to such practice, not only by representing the collective will of States, but as autonomous actors in their own right.
The Conservative Animal: Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay and Colonial Bengal
Authors: Sen Satadru
Published: March 2017

This article examines the writings of the nineteenth-century Indian essayist Bhudeb Mukhopadhyay. Locating the writer within the history of colonial Bengal and a wider world of racial anxieties, it excavates the foundations of Indian conservatism outside the familiar terrain of anti-Muslim ressentiment. It argues that “traditionalist” conservatism in India was a transformative project that sought to intervene in the racial nature of a colonized people, focusing on the reordering of familiality, education, and health. Simultaneously liberating and constraining the individual subject, the interventions were expected to produce a population that, through engaging in a tense dialogue with Europe, could redefine its distinctive body of custom and also repair its perceived degenerative condition.
Cross-streamline migration of slender Brownian fibres in plane Poiseuille flow
Authors: Schiek Richard L. , Shaqfeh Eric S. G.
Published: March 2017

We consider fibre migration across streamlines in a suspension under plane Poiseuille flow. The flow investigated lies between two infinite, parallel plates separated by a distance comparable to the length of a suspended fibre. We consider the weak flow limit such that Brownian motion strongly affects the fibre position and orientation. Under these conditions, the fibre distribution, fibre mobility and fluid velocity field all vary on scales comparable to the fibre's length thus complicating a traditional volumeaveraging approach to solving this problem. Therefore, we use a non-local derivation of the stress. The resulting fully coupled problem for the fluid velocity, fibre stress contribution and fibre distribution function is solved self-consistently in the limit of strong Brownian motion. When calculated in this manner, we show that at steady state the fibres’ centre-of-mass distribution function shows a net migration of fibres away from the centre of the channel and towards the channel walls. The fibre migration occurs for all gap widths (0 ≤ λ ≤ 35) and fibre concentrations (0 ≤ c ≤ 1.0) investigated. Additionally, the fibre concentration reaches a maximum value around one fibre half-length from the channel walls. However, we find that the net fibre migration is a relatively small change over the fibre's uniform bulk distribution, and typically the centre-of-mass migration changes the uniform concentration profile by only a few percent.
Relationship of non-specific commensalism in the colonization of the deep layers of sediment
Authors: Prevedelli Daniela , Simonini Roberto , Ansaloni Ivano
Published: March 2017

The macrofauna of samples collected with a box-corer from northern Adriatic Sea muddy bottoms in five survey campaigns from 1985 to 1993 has been analysed separately in sediment strata of varying depth. Samples were collected before, during and after the dumping of large amounts of inert particulate material that covered the seabed and caused an almost total defaunation. After this disturbance the seabed was recolonized by a new community. This new community differed from the original one mainly on account of the abundance of Mysella bidentata, a small bivalve filter or surface deposit-feeder. In the original community M. bidentata was confined to the more superficial sediment layers (0–5 cm) at low population density. In the new community it was very abundant and evenly distributed even in the deep layers (5–20 cm). Analysis of species association performed on data from each of the 54 corer samples collected in the last sampling period, points to a marked association between M. bidentata and Nephtys incisa in deeper sediment layers. Deep layer colonization by Mysella in association with the burrowing polychaete N. incisa suggests a case of commensalism between these two species.
Metazoan parasites of the lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula and their potential as stock discrimination tools
Authors: Moore Alec B.M.
Published: March 2017

The metazoan parasites of 101 lesser-spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula from locations off the coast of England (Plymouth and the eastern Solent) and Wales (Cardigan Bay) were surveyed and assessed for their potential as stock discrimination tools.  A total of ten parasite species was found using a relatively rapid host examination technique suitable for non-parasitologists. On the basis of established criteria, larval anisakid nematodes and the copepod Lernaeopoda galei were selected as being potentially useful as stock discrimination tools. The monogeneans Leptocotyle minor and Hexabothrium appendiculatum may be suitable as markers following further investigation of their response to handling stress.
The implications of adult morphology for clutch size in the flatback turtle (Natator depressa)
Authors: Hays Graeme C.
Published: March 2017

When the mean adult length and mean clutch volume of marine turtles are examined, a clear pattern for larger species to lay larger clutches is evident, in accord with predictions that female size constrains the available space for carrying eggs. However, when compared with this general trend, the volume of clutches laid by flatback turtles (Natator depressa) are smaller than expected. The implication is that the unusually flat morphology of flatback turtles, provides an additional constraint on their egg carrying capacity.
Conditional persistence and tolerance characterize endoparasite–colonial host interactions
Authors: FONTES INÊS , HARTIKAINEN HANNA , TAYLOR NICK G. H. , OKAMURA BETH
Published: March 2017

Colonial hosts offer unique opportunities for exploitation by endoparasites resulting from extensive clonal propagation, but these interactions are poorly understood. The freshwater bryozoan, Fredericella sultana, and the myxozoan, Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae, present an appropriate model system for examining such interactions. F. sultana propagates mainly asexually, through colony fragmentation and dormant propagules (statoblasts). Our study examines how T. bryosalmonae exploits the multiple transmission routes offered by the propagation of F. sultana, evaluates the effects of such transmission on its bryozoan host, and tests the hypothesis that poor host condition provokes T. bryosalmonae to bail out of a resource that may soon be unsustainable, demonstrating terminal investment. We show that infections are present in substantial proportions of colony fragments and statoblasts over space and time and that moderate infection levels promote statoblast hatching and hence effective fecundity. We also found evidence for terminal investment, with host starvation inducing the development of transmission stages. Our results contribute to a growing picture that interactions of T. bryosalmonae and F. sultana are generally characterized by parasite persistence, facilitated by multiple transmission pathways and host condition-dependent developmental cycling, and host tolerance, promoted by effective fecundity effects and an inherent capacity for renewed growth and clonal replication.
On the identity of the Syrianabdāl
Authors: Mikati Rana
Published: March 2017

Scholarly discussion of theabdāl(substitutes) has been limited to their appearance as the members of a saintly hierarchy first alluded to by al-Ḥakīm al-Tirmidhī (d. 295/905–300/910) and systematized by Ibn ʿArabī (d. 638/1240). However, unlike the other members of this hierarchy, theabdālare also known through the hadith, one of which is attributed to ʿAlī b. Abī Ṭālib. This article explores this hitherto unstudied hadith material arguing that the concept originated in hadith circles with a specific purported context, the showdown between the Syrians and Iraqis at the Battle of Ṣiffīn (37/657). A gradual loss of this context went hand-in-hand with the emergence of the mystical saintlyabdāl. As monistic Sufism penetrated all elements of Mamluk society, the boundary between theabdālof the traditionists and of the mystics became porous. This paper concludes with an examination of the ensuing debate on the authenticity of the concept.
Reflections on the past 30 years
Authors: Owen Lloyd
Published: March 2017

The journal was first established in 1976 with the title Australian Child and Family Welfare (quarterly), and it was known as such for the first 15 years of its existence. It was published by the Children’s Welfare Association of Victoria as the quarterly journal of the Child and Family Welfare Council of Australia. Co-editors were the Rev Denis Oakley and Dr Peter O’Connor. Denis tells us that the funds to get it started came from the Children’s Welfare Foundation. This foundation was an outstanding example of partnership between business and the non-government sector. Not without controversy, Denis performed on television in his clergyman clobber advertising products for Billy Guyatt stores, drawing in funds for the Foundation which were also applied to the establishment of Grassmere, a community-based youth facility, and to some research work into adoption and family law. The book review editor was Mr Cliff Picton, associate editor was Mr Max Liddell, Mr David Thackeray was business manager, Mr Vernon Knight was circulation manager and the committee providing support was Mrs Glenys Craig, Mr John Edwards, Mr Bill Hughes, Canon Neal Malloy OBE and Mrs Patsy Sebastian. It had a group of interstate representatives, Spencer Colliver, Ray Jenkins, Albert Kruipers, Rev Lyn Reilly, George Belchev, Adam Jamrozik, Geoff Aves and editorial consultants Concetta Ben, Prof Peter Boss, Spencer Colliver and Dr Len Tierney. In the editorial in the first issue was the explanation that the journal was being launched as so much was going on in child and family welfare, that there was a need for a forum. Many of the specialist journals failed to appeal to the broad readership in social welfare, whereas this journal would ‘aim for the broad spectrum of people who make up the vast army of workers in the child and family welfare field … Our concern is to open up discussion on policies and practices, to discuss innovations and the raising of standards.’
Beyond the continuum: New perspectives on the future of out-of-home care in Australia
Authors: Delfabbro Paul , Osborn Alexandra , Barber James G.
Published: March 2017

In almost all current debates concerning services for young people in out-of-home care it has been customary to define services in terms of the so-called ‘continuum of care’, a hypothetical typology of placement options that differ in varying degrees from conventional family life. According to this philosophy, children should always be placed into family foster care rather than congregate care because foster placements are more normalised, nurturing, and place fewer limits on children’s individuality and freedom of choice. In this paper, we argue that this approach is limited because it fails to consider the diversity of actual services and structures possible at different points in the hypothetical continuum. In our view, future policies may be better served by a dimensional approach that views placement options as a configuration of factors including: the physical and living environment, service type, and staffing characteristics. In this system, the quality and suitability of placement options is no longer defined by names or labels (eg, family, group or residential), but by the actual nature of the placement provided. Appropriate combinations of these elements, rather than a choice between fixed categories, may assist in the development of innovative options better able to meet the needs of young people not suitable for existing care arrangements.