bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A bibliometric analysis of domestic and international research on maker education in the post-epidemic era
Authors: Feng Xin , Zhang Yue , Tong Linjie , Yu Huan
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to straighten out the research progress in the field of maker education, summarize the research hotspots and frontiers of maker education at home and abroad and provide path optimization suggestions for the research and development of this field.

Design/methodology/approach

In total, 751 pieces of domestic and the foreign maker education research literature from 2014 to 2021 are retrieved and screened, and literature analysis methods such as keyword analysis and clustering map analysis are used to quantitatively analyze the quantity distribution, published journals, core authors, research institutions and subject keywords of the maker education literature.

Findings

It is found that research in this field is still in the development stage, but the pandemic has severely inhibited maker education and related research. Frontiers at home and abroad have begun to pay attention to the impact of humanistic care on maker education. Strengthening the dialog between multidisciplinary theories requires cross-disciplinary research. Regional and cross-field cooperation and fully grasping the actual situation and constraints of the development of maker education are the cornerstones of bold innovation in maker education research.

Originality/value

This paper uses bibliometric analysis to reveal the severe challenges to the development of maker education due to the normalization of the epidemic. By excavating the research hotspots and research frontiers in this field, it fills the gap that the current research in the field of maker education has not yet formed a complete theoretical framework and evaluation system.
Assistive technologies during and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Oyelude Adetoun A.
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This paper aims to review the literature on assistive technologies (AT) during the COVID-19 pandemic and afterward, in libraries globally, as portrayed on blogs, wikis and the internet.

Design/methodology/approach

Reports from blogs, internet sources and databases during the pandemic in 2019 up to July 2022 are examined and findings highlighted the trends in the use of AT within that period.

Findings

AT were not readily available in libraries, archives and museums during the lockdown. Some institutions made emergency contingency provisions to loan out equipment. Online resources were made available over time, however. In aftermath of the pandemic, there is a concerted effort to bridge the gaps in service delivery to the clientele that need AT and plan for possible future emergencies.

Originality/value

This paper presents an overview of the trends in the use of AT during and after the COVID-19 pandemic globally.
Developing a sustainability-driven learning organization through expatriate knowledge transfer: the case of Haier
Authors: Sun Yixin , Hong Jacky
Published: September 2022

Purpose

This study aims to examine how expatriates’ knowledge can be adopted to transform the mental models at the subsidiary level and develop a sustainability-driven learning organization in the context of emerging multinational enterprises (EMNEs).

Design/methodology/approach

Through an inductive interpretive analysis of three Haier subsidiaries from developing countries, this study compares between old and new understandings of sustainability and examines how expatriates’ knowledge can facilitate shifts toward the new to foster a sustainability-driven learning organization.

Findings

The authors find that subsidiary employees face strategic and operational ambiguity concerning sustainability issues and that a mix of dissemination and reinforcement routines that align with headquarters’ expectations are used to maintain a continuous sustainability-driven learning pattern. Though EMNE subsidiaries may have contrasting understandings of sustainability, expatriate knowledge transfer can help change subsidiaries’ mental models and thus create sustainable capabilities and mindsets that form a sustainability-driven learning organization at the subsidiary level.

Originality/value

This study reveals the potential in applying expatriate knowledge transfer to transforming sustainable mental models in building sustainability-driven learning organizations.
Amphibian loss alters periphyton structure and invertebrate growth in montane streams
Authors: Alonso Alberto , Monroy Silvia , Bosch Jaime , Pérez Javier , Boyero Luz
Published: September 2022

Amphibians are declining worldwide due to a combination of stressors such as climate change, invasive species, habitat loss, pollution and emergent diseases. Although their losses are likely to have important ecological consequences on the structure and functioning of freshwater ecosystems, this issue has been scarcely explored.

We conducted an experiment in three montane streams—where primary production is the main source of energy and carbon—to assess the effects of amphibian disappearance (i.e. presence or absence of the common midwife toadAlytes obstetricans, a common species found in pools of these streams) on several aspects of ecosystem functioning and structure: periphyton biomass and chlorophyllaconcentration, algal assemblage structure, and growth of macroinvertebrate grazers.

We compared four types of experimental enclosures: (i) without macroinvertebrates or amphibians; (ii) with larvae of the caddisflyAllogamus laureatus; (iii) withA. obstetricanstadpoles; and (iv) with bothA. laureatuslarvae andA. obstetricanstadpoles.

The absence of tadpoles increased periphyton biomass, but did not cause differences on inorganic sediment accrual. The algal assemblage had a higher diversity in the absence of tadpoles, and their characteristic taxa differed from the assemblages in presence of tadpoles.A. laureatuspresented higher mass in presence of tadpoles; however, tadpole length was not affected by presence of macroinvertebrates.

Our results suggest that presence of tadpoles is a driver of periphyton accrual and assemblage structure, acting as top‐down control and with key potential consequences on the functioning of montane stream ecosystems.
Enhanced recovery after elective colectomy in a regional hospital in Hong Kong
Authors: Au Yeung Yiu Fung , Liu Yuk Ho , Si Lok Ping , Ng Sheung Hey , Chan Nga Yin
Published: September 2022

Background

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery with Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been popular. It was shown to reduce hospital stay.

Objective

To ascertain the effect of implementing laparoscopic colorectal surgery with ERAS protocol, even if there is no rehabilitation service after discharge.

Results

Three hundred and thirteen patients were recruited in total, 141 patients in the ERAS group (year 2019) and 172 patients in the control group (year 2016). Length of hospital stay was significantly less in the ERAS group (5 days in ERAS group vs 6 days in control group, p < 0.01). Major surgical complication was similar among the two groups (7.1% vs 4.1%, p = 0.24). Post‐op ileus rate, readmission rate and mortality did not significantly differ among the two groups. Regression analysis showed that the ERAS protocol and female gender are associated with a reduction in postoperative length of hospital stay.

Conclusion

Laparoscopic colorectal surgery with ERAS protocol is associated with a shorter postoperative length of hospital stay. Further assessment is needed to clarify the causal relationship.
Volatility of Tax Payments and Dividend Payouts*
Authors: Amberger Harald J.
Published: September 2022

Dividends are a key mechanism for shareholders to discipline managers and mitigate agency conflicts. This study examines whether the volatility of tax payments is associated with dividend payouts. Consistent with the predictions, results suggest that firms with more volatile tax payments are less likely to pay dividends overall and their dividends are lower in magnitude when doing so. These effects are economically significant and incremental to a firm's operating risk. The link between volatile tax payments and the likelihood of dividend payouts is weaker for firms that distribute dividends to alleviate agency conflicts. Similarly, the link between volatile tax payments and the amount of dividend payouts is weaker for firms that hold more cash for tax reasons. Taken together, these findings add to our understanding of the economic consequences of volatile tax payments and the determinants of dividend payouts.
Meiotic dysfunction accelerates somatic aging in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Loose Julia A. , Amrit Francis R. G. , Patil Thayjas , Yanowitz Judith L. , Ghazi Arjumand
Published: September 2022

An expanding body of evidence, from studies in model organisms to human clinical data, reveals that reproductive health influences organismal aging. However, the impact of germline integrity on somatic aging is poorly understood. Moreover, assessing the causal relationship of such an impact is challenging to address in human and vertebrate models. Here, we demonstrate that disruption of meiosis, a germline restricted process, shortened lifespan, impaired individual aspects of healthspan, and accelerated somatic aging in Caenorhabditis elegans. Young meiotic mutants exhibited transcriptional profiles that showed remarkable overlap with the transcriptomes of old worms and shared similarities with transcriptomes of aging human tissues as well. We found that meiosis dysfunction caused increased expression of functionally relevant longevity determinants whose inactivation enhanced the lifespan of normal animals. Further, meiotic mutants manifested destabilized protein homeostasis and enhanced proteasomal activity partially rescued the associated lifespan defects. Our study demonstrates a role for meiotic integrity in controlling somatic aging and reveals proteostasis control as a potential mechanism through which germline status impacts overall organismal health.
Clinical determinants of hospital treated deliberate self‐harm repetition: A time to recurrent event analysis
Authors: Bøe Anne Seljenes , Mehlum Lars , Melle Ingrid , Qin Ping
Published: September 2022

Introduction

Psychiatric disorders are strongly associated with hospital treated deliberate self‐harm (DSH). However, the effect of specific disorders on risk for DSH repetition in sex‐age‐subgroups is understudied. The present study aims to assess the influence of various specific psychiatric disorders on risk for subsequent DSH repetition by way of time to recurrent event analysis on a national cohort of DSH patients.

Material and Methods

Individuals aged 18 and older presenting to somatic hospital for DSH during the period 2008–2018 was identified through national registers. A parametric shared frailty survival analysis was used to investigate the impact of various psychiatric disorders on risk of DSH repetition.

Results

The cohort consisted of 39,508 individuals of which 8634 (21.8%) presented with 24,028 repeated episodes of hospital treated DSH. Borderline personality disorder increased the risk of DSH repetition in females (adjusted HR 1.49, CI 1.41–1.57), while alcohol use disorder (HR 1.12, CI 1.04–1.19) and substance use disorders (adjusted HR 1.22, CI 1.14–1.32) increased the risk of repetition in males. The strongest impact of psychiatric disorder on risk of repetition was found among the elderly. Previous history of DSH was associated with the highest increased risk of repetition.

Conclusion

Prior history of DSH was strongly associated with DSH repetition, but the influence of psychiatric disorder varied significantly by specific diagnoses and by sex and age of the patients. Efforts to prevent DSH repetition should be age and gender specific and designed to meet the needs of people with different specific psychiatric disorders.
Metamorphosis and seasonality are major determinants of chytrid infection in a paedomorphic salamander
Authors: Basanta M. D. , Anaya‐Morales S. L. , Martínez‐Ugalde E. , González Martínez T. M. , Ávila‐Akerberg V. D. , Trejo M. V. , Rebollar E. A.
Published: September 2022

Chytridiomycosis, an emerging disease caused mostly by the pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis, has caused massive amphibian population declines and extinctions worldwide. The ecology of this disease is mainly explained by the interaction of environmental factors, pathogen biology, and host traits including development. For paedomorphic salamanders, differences in B. dendrobatidis infection may be explained by metamorphosis and water physicochemical conditions. In this study, we aimed to determine the influence of environmental and host factors on B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection intensity in the facultative paedomorphic salamander Ambystoma altamirani. We determined B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection load in four populations of A. altamirani along 1 year (four seasons) and assessed their relationship with environmental factors and host metamorphic status (gilled or non‐gilled). We found that B. dendrobatidis prevalence and infection load are largely explained by metamorphic status and environmental factors such as elevation, seasonality, water temperature, pH, conductivity, and dissolved oxygen. To our knowledge, this is the first study to empirically show the effect of metamorphosis on B. dendrobatidis infection status across locations and seasons. This information may be used to understand the temporal dynamics of B. dendrobatidis–host interactions and to identify potential disease outbreaks that may cause cryptic sublethal effects on salamander populations. Our results will help in the development of conservation strategies for paedomorphic salamanders that are already considered threatened by anthropogenic factors such as habitat loss and climate change.
Molecular subtyping of small‐cell lung cancer based on mutational signatures with different genomic features and therapeutic strategies
Authors: Wang Haiyong , Wu Shuangxiu , Li Zhenzhen , Zhang Chenyue , Shang Xiaoling , Zhao Chenglong , Li Zhenxiang , Lin Jiamao , Guo Jun , Wang Zhehai
Published: September 2022

Small‐cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an exceptionally lethal malignancy characterized by extremely high alteration rates and tumor heterogeneity, which limits therapeutic options. In contrast to non‐small‐cell lung cancer that develops rapidly with precision oncology, SCLC still remains outside the realm of precision medicine. No recurrent and actionable mutations have been detected. Additionally, a paucity of substantive tumor specimens has made it even more difficult to classify SCLC subtypes based on genetic background. We therefore carried out whole‐exome sequencing (WES) on the largest available Chinese SCLC cohort. For the first time, we partitioned SCLC patients into three clusters with different genomic alteration profiles and clinical features based on their mutational signatures. We showed that these clusters presented differences in intratumor heterogeneity and genome instability. Moreover, a wide existence of mutually exclusive gene alterations, typically within similar biological functions, was detected and suggested a high SCLC intertumoral heterogeneity. Particularly, Cluster 1 presented the greatest potential to benefit from immunotherapy, and Cluster 3 constituted recalcitrant SCLC, warranting biomarker‐directed drug development and targeted therapies in clinical trials. Our study would provide an in‐depth insight into the genome characteristics of the Chinese SCLC cohort, defining distinct molecular subtypes as well as subtype‐specific therapies and biomarkers. We propose tailoring differentiated therapies for distinct molecular subgroups, centering on a personalized precision chemotherapy strategy combined with immunization or targeted therapy for patients with SCLC.
Randomised controlled trial on robot‐assisted versus manual surgery for pucker peeling
Authors: Faridpooya Koorosh , van Romunde Saskia H. M. , Manning Sonia S. , van Meurs Jan C. , Naus Gerrit J. L. , Beelen Maarten J. , Meenink Thijs C. M. , Smit Jorrit , de Smet Marc D.
Published: September 2022

Background

The aim was to explore the feasibility and safety of performing common surgical steps in epiretinal membrane (ERM) peeling using the Preceyes Surgical System (PSS).

Methods

In a tertiary centre, 15 pseudophakic patients with an idiopathic ERM were randomised to robot‐assistance or manual surgery in a 2:1 ratio. In the robot‐assisted group, the following steps were performed using PSS: (1) staining the internal limiting membrane (ILM), (2) removal of the dye, (3) creating an ILM flap, (4) completing the peeling, (5) holding a light pipe and (6) fluid–air exchange. Primary outcome measures were feasibility and safety. Secondary outcome measures were duration, best‐corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central retinal thickness (CRT). Moreover, the distance travelled by the instrument during peeling was assessed using motion tracking software.

Results

All steps performed with PSS were feasible with no clinical adverse events or complications. The surgical time was longer in the robot‐assisted group (mean 56 min, SD = 12 vs. 24 min, SD = 5). During the study, the duration of robot‐assisted surgeries decreased from 72 to 46 min. The distance travelled by the forceps was shorter in the robot‐assisted group (mean 403 mm, SD = 186 vs. 550 mm, SD = 134). BCVA and CRT improved equally in both groups.

Conclusions

This is the world's first randomised controlled trial on robotic surgery for ERM. Although more time‐consuming, we found that several surgical steps were feasible with assistance of the PSS.
The Jungle of rights: The legal consciousness of migrant children in transit in Calais
Authors: Lendaro Annalisa , Roland Bastien
Published: September 2022

This article aims to explore the legal consciousness of migrant children in transit at the France–UK border. Based on secondary analysis of legal measures to help ensure child protection, and on ethnographic fieldwork in Calais, this paper shows that the legal consciousness of migrant children is shaped by several factors such as their experience of migration, their previous interactions with public institutions in Europe, their living conditions in transit areas, the police's harassment strategy, the influence of migrant peers and by their own migration plans. We will show that these factors have a deep impact on the legal consciousness of unaccompanied minors and consequently on both their (non‐)claim of protection and (non‐)use of legal tools. By mobilizing biographical sets of data, we will also show that their legal consciousness results from the combination of these contextual factors with their individual experiences and sociological characteristics (education, origin, …). From a methodological point of view, this contribution provides evidence of the importance of adopting a child‐centred approach in ethnographic research. This approach highlights discrepancies between policy aims and children's needs.
Classification, risk factors, and management of lumen apposing metal stent dysfunction during follow‐up of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy: Multicenter evaluation from the Leuven‐Amsterdam‐Milan Study Group
Authors: Vanella Giuseppe , Bronswijk Michiel , Dell'Anna Giuseppe , Voermans Rogier P. , Laleman Wim , Petrone Maria Chiara , van Malenstein Hannah , Fockens Paul , Arcidiacono Paolo Giorgio , van der Merwe Schalk , van Wanrooij Roy L. J.
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Long‐term outcomes of endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy (EUS‐CDS) performed with lumen apposing metal stents (LAMS) have been poorly evaluated in small or retrospective series, leading to an underestimation of LAMS dysfunction.

Methods

All consecutive EUS‐CDS performed in three academic referral centers were included in prospectively maintained databases. Technical/clinical success, adverse events (AEs), and dysfunction during follow‐up were retrospectively analyzed. Kaplan–Meier analysis was used to estimate dysfunction‐free survival (DFS), with Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate independent predictors of dysfunction.

Results

Ninety‐three patients were included (male 56%; mean age, 70 years [95% confidence interval (CI) 68–72]; pancreatic cancer 81%, metastatic disease 47%). In 67% of procedures, 6 mm LAMS were used. Technical and clinical success were achieved in 97.8% and 93.4% of patients, respectively, with AEs occurring in 9.7% (78% mild/moderate). Dysfunction occurred in 31.8% of patients after a mean of 166 days (95% CI 91–241), with an estimated 6 month and 12 month DFS of 75% and 52%, respectively; mean DFS of 394 (95% CI 307–482) days. Almost all dysfunctions (96%) were successfully managed by endoscopic reintervention. Duodenal invasion (hazard ratio 2.7 [95% CI 1.1–6.8]) was the only independent predictor of dysfunction.

Conclusions

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided choledochoduodenostomy shows excellent initial efficacy and safety, although stent dysfunctions occurs frequently during long‐term follow‐up. Almost all stent dysfunctions can be managed successfully by endoscopic reinterventions. We propose a comprehensive classification of the different types of dysfunction that may be encountered and rescue procedures that may be employed under these circumstances. Duodenal invasion seems to increase the risk of developing EUS‐CDS dysfunction, potentially representing a relative contraindication for this technique.
Reliability and validity of prognostic indicators for Guillain–Barré syndrome in children
Authors: Qinrong Huang , Yuxia Chen , Ling Liu , Huayu Luo , Lei Xu , Xiaoli Li , Nong Xiao
Published: September 2022

Aim

To explore the clinical characteristics and prognostic predictors of Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) in Chinese paediatric patients.

Method

The clinical features of children with GBS hospitalized in the Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University were summarized retrospectively. The correlation between the Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (EGOS)/modified Erasmus GBS Outcome Score (mEGOS), GBS disability score (GDS)/modified Rankin Scale (MRS), Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS), and mechanical ventilation were evaluated.

Results

One hundred forty‐two patients (86 males, 56 females; median 62.50 months [interquartile range 41.00–97.50]) with classic GBS were enrolled in the study. In the present GBS cohort, 134 (94.37%) patients could walk independently (GDS ≤2) and 121 (85.21%) could manage without assistance (MRS ≤2) at 6 months. Eighteen (12.68%) patients with GBS required mechanical ventilation. The performance of mEGOS on admission, mEGOS on day 7, and EGOS‐predicted GDS outcome at 4 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months in the paediatric patients with GBS admitted within 2 weeks of disease onset and that of the MRS outcome were evaluated. The EGRIS in individuals who required mechanical ventilation was significantly higher than in patients without mechanical ventilation (median = 6 vs median = 3, p < 0.001).

Interpretation

In Chinese paediatric patients with GBS who were admitted 2 weeks after disease onset, the mEGOS and EGOS are validated indicators for the prediction of clinical outcomes 6 months after onset. EGRIS is helpful in predicting the implementation of mechanical ventilation in the acute phase.

What this paper adds

The Erasmus Guillain–Barré syndrome (GBS) Outcome Score (EGOS) and modified EGOS are reliable prognostic predictors in paediatric patients with GBS.

The Erasmus GBS Respiratory Insufficiency Score (EGRIS) is an effective predictor of mechanical ventilation in paediatric patients with GBS.

An EGRIS of ≥5 indicates a high risk of mechanical ventilation in the acute phase.
Expanding the natural history of CASK‐related disorders to the prenatal period
Authors: Gafner Michal , Boltshauser Eugen , D'Abrusco Fulvio , Battini Roberta , Romaniello Romina , D'Arrigo Stefano , Zanni Ginevra , Leibovitz Zvi , Yosovich Keren , Lerman‐Sagie Tally ,   The Cask Study Group
Published: September 2022

Aim

To assess whether microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH) could manifest in the prenatal period in patients with calcium/calmodulin‐dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) gene disorders.

Method

In this international multicentre retrospective study, we contacted a CASK parents' social media group and colleagues with expertise in cerebellar malformations and asked them to supply clinical and imaging information. Centiles and standard deviations (SD) were calculated according to age by nomograms.

Results

The study consisted of 49 patients (44 females and 5 males). Information regarding prenatal head circumference was available in 19 patients; 11 out of 19 had a fetal head circumference below –2SD (range −4.1SD to −2.02SD, mean gestational age at diagnosis 20 weeks). Progressive prenatal deceleration of head circumference growth rate was observed in 15 out of 19. At birth, 20 out of 42 had a head circumference below –2SD. A total of 6 out of 15 fetuses had a TCD z‐score below –2 (range −5.88 to −2.02).

Interpretation

This study expands the natural history of CASK‐related disorders to the prenatal period, showing evidence of progressive deceleration of head circumference growth rate, head circumference below –2SD, or small TCD. Most cases will not be diagnosed according to current recommendations for fetal central nervous system routine assessment. Consecutive measurements and genetic studies are advised in the presence of progressive deceleration of head circumference growth rates or small TCD.

What this paper adds

Progressive deceleration of fetal head circumference growth rate can be observed.

A small transcerebellar diameter is an additional important manifestation.

Most cases will not be diagnosed according to current recommendations for fetal central nervous system routine assessment.

Consecutive measurements are advised when measurements are within the low range of norm.
Comparison between PFN1 and SOD1 mutations in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
Authors: Corcia Philippe , Lejeune Pascal , Vourc'h Patrick , Beltran Stephane , Piegay Anne‐Sophie , Blasco Helene , Meininger Vincent
Published: September 2022

Background

The objective of this study was to characterize the prototypical phenotype of patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) associated with PFN1 mutations in profilin 1 (PFN1) and to determine clinical indications to test for mutations in this gene.

Material and methods

The phenotype of three relatives carrying the M114V PFN1 mutation are detailed here and are compared with those of patients with ALS linked to PFN1 previously reported in the literature.

Results

In this pedigree and in the literature, the main clinical findings which best describe familial ALS linked to PFN1 might be the following characteristics: pedigrees over five cases, age of onset around 50 years, site of onset systematically lower limbs and the absence of cognitive impairment.

Conclusion

First, the infrequent incidence of patients with ALS linked to PFN1 mutation supports the pursuit of a precise characterization of the phenotype linked to PFN1 mutations. Then, the numerous similarities between the phenotype amongst patients linked to SOD1 and PFN1 mutations and between histological features amongst both mice models prompts a review of the current ALS classifications, taking into consideration both phenotype and genotype.
Clinical characteristics, treatments, outcome, and prognostic factors of severe autoimmune encephalitis in the intensive care unit: Standard treatment and the value of additional plasma cell–depleting escalation therapies for treatment‐refractory patients
Authors: Schwarz Lisa , Akbari Nilufar , Prüss Harald , Meisel Andreas , Scheibe Franziska
Published: September 2022

Background and purpose

To investigate severe autoimmune encephalitis (AE) in the intensive care unit (ICU) with regard to standard treatment in responsive patients and additional escalation therapies for treatment‐refractory cases.

Methods

This retrospective, single‐center study analyzed medical records of ICU‐dependent AE patients for clinical characteristics, treatments, prognostic factors, and neurological outcome as quantified by modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Clinical Assessment Scale for Autoimmune Encephalitis (CASE).

Results

From 40 enrolled patients (median age = 52 years; range = 16–89 years) with AE mediated by neuronal surface antibodies (nsAb; 90%) and AE with onconeuronal antibodies (10%), 98% received first‐line therapy. Of those, 62% obtained additional second‐line therapy, and 33% received escalation therapy with bortezomib and/or daratumumab. Good neurological outcome, defined as mRS = 0–2, was observed in 47% of AE with nsAb (CASE = 5), 77% of anti‐N‐methyl D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis patients (CASE = 1), whereas AE patients with onconeuronal antibodies had the poorest outcome (mRS = 6, 100%). Treatment‐refractory AE patients with nsAb requiring escalation therapy achieved similarly good recovery (mRS = 0–2, 39%, CASE = 3) as patients improving without (mRS = 0–2, 54%, CASE = 4), although they presented a higher disease severity at disease maximum (mRS = 5 100% versus 68%, CASE = 24 versus 17; p = 0.0036), had longer ICU stays (97 versus 23 days; p = 0.0002), and a higher survival propability during follow‐up (p = 0.0203). Prognostic factors for good recovery were younger age (p = 0.025) and lack of preexisting comorbidities (p = 0.011).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that treatment‐refractory AE patients with nsAb in the ICU can reach similarly good outcomes after plasma cell–depleting escalation therapy as patients already responding to standard first‐ and/or second‐line therapies.
Threshold multiparty multi‐randomness secure partially homomorphic encryption for data security in cloud
Authors: Boomija M D , Kasmir Raja S V
Published: September 2022

Threshold cryptography is used to secure a cryptographic secret by dividing it into N shares and storing each claim on a diverse server. Any subgroup of t servers can use the secret without re‐making it. However, an adversary cannot recover the secret by compromising t − 1 servers. Homomorphic encryption operates directly on the ciphertext. In this study, a Threshold multiparty multi‐randomness secure partially homomorphic encryption (TM‐MR‐SPHE) algorithm is proposed to secure the outsourced data and perform multiplication and division operations on the ciphertext. The model is implemented in Eclipse IDE and AWS Toolkit for Eclipse and deployed in Amazon Elastic Beanstalk (EB) environment. This model is mainly used to secure the patient e‐health details and perform computation on outsourced data. The patient details are encrypted by the algorithm MR‐SPHE and uploaded in AWS (Amazon Web Service) S3 bucket. AWS identity and access management (IAM) creates the users' service and secret shares among multiple users in the EB environment. The proposed model performance is studied by comparing with other partially homomorphic Elgamal, Pailler, and Benaloh. This model achieves data integrity and confidentiality using the threshold multiparty with multi‐randomness secure partially homomorphic encryption.
Emotional expression in jewellery design under the background of artificial intelligence
Authors: Liang Meng , Wanli Zhao
Published: September 2022

In order to improve the emotional expression effect of jewellery, this article combines artificial intelligence technology to analyse the emotional expression in jewellery design. Aiming at the characteristics of high‐gloss materials such as strong reflectivity and translucency, starting from the classic ray tracing algorithm, this article strengthens the reflected light and projected light on the surface of the material, and proposes a realistic rendering algorithm for high‐gloss materials. Moreover, this article introduces the CUDA parallel computing architecture to give full play to the computing power of multi‐core computers, accelerate the calculation speed of the ray tracing algorithm, save the consumption of storage space, and improve the speed of real‐time rendering under the premise of ensuring realism. The experimental research results show that the emotional expression system for smart jewellery design proposed in this article has a certain effect, which can effectively improve the effect of jewellery design.
Perceived discrimination and Latina college students' depressive symptoms: The roles of dyadic coping with sisters and familism values
Authors: Killoren Sarah E. , Roos Joy , Bordere Tashel , Randall Ashley K. , Rivero Rodriguez Avelina , Alfaro Edna C. , Campione‐Barr Nicole , Jones Samantha K.
Published: September 2022

Latinx young adults' experiences of discrimination are associated with high levels of depressive symptoms and examining protective factors that buffer the negative consequences of discrimination is important. In a sample of 195 Latina college students, predominately of Mexican origin, we examined associations between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms, and how sisters' dyadic coping behaviors and familism values moderated this association. We conducted hierarchical regression analyses to test our study hypotheses. We found that Latina college students who were older sisters reported more conflictual and antagonistic sibling relationships, or who perceived higher levels of discrimination also reported the most depressive symptoms, which supports prior research. Importantly, Latina college students who strongly endorsed supportive, obligatory, and referent familism values reported fewer depressive symptoms. Supportive familism values weakened the association between perceived discrimination and Latina college students' depressive symptoms but strengthened associations between sisters' negative dyadic coping behaviors and depressive symptoms. Furthermore, sisters' negative dyadic coping behaviors strengthened the positive association between perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms. Our findings highlight the importance of familism values for Latinx young adults' well‐being, as well as the harmful effects of perceived discrimination, particularly in the context of sisters' negative dyadic coping behaviors.
Experiences of White partners in Black–White romantic relationships in the United States: A qualitative study
Authors: Fall Salimata Lala , Wittenberg Brittany M.
Published: September 2022

Objective

The purpose of this study was to provide new information on the lived experiences of White individuals in Black–White interracial relationships, including the impact of the social climate on these relationships.

Background

While attitudes toward Black–White relationships have improved more than in previous decades, they still occur less frequently, are the least accepted, and are regarded more negatively when compared with all other interracial pairings. This warrants more research on the issues concerning interracial couples.

Method

Participants (n = 7) included five women and two men who self‐identified as White that were in, or formerly in, a Black–White romantic relationship of at least three months. Participants completed a semi‐structured interview with the researcher. Qualitative content analysis was used due to the exploratory nature of the research questions.

Results

Participants reported external stressors (i.e., discriminatory, or racist encounters in public) and lack of familial acceptance of their relationship throughout their relationship. In addition, the social and political climate seemed to impact discussions about race within the couple.

Conclusion

Individuals in Black–White romantic relationships experience challenges within their private and public lives due to race.

Implications

This research study demonstrates a way in which researchers should aim to look at individuals, couples, and families as different units of analysis situated in a particular socio‐cultural context. Future studies can also explore the ways in which White partners can support their Black partner.
Low soil moisture suppresses the thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration
Authors: Li Jin‐Tao , Zhang Yan , Chen Hongyang , Sun Huiming , Tian Weitao , Li Jinquan , Liu Xiang , Zhou Shurong , Fang Changming , Li Bo , Nie Ming
Published: September 2022

The thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration contributes to a decrease in warming‐induced enhancement of soil respiration over time, which could weaken the positive feedback between the carbon cycle and climate warming. Climate warming is also predicted to cause a worldwide decrease in soil moisture, which has an effect on the microbial metabolism of soil carbon. However, whether and how changes in moisture affect the thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration are unexplored. Here, using soils from an 8‐year warming experiment in an alpine grassland, we assayed the thermal response of microbial respiration rates at different soil moisture levels. The results showed that relatively low soil moisture suppressed the thermal compensatory response of microbial respiration, leading to an enhanced response to warming. A subsequent moisture incubation experiment involving off‐plot soils also showed that the response of microbial respiration to 100 d warming shifted from a slight compensatory response to an enhanced response with decreasing incubation moisture. Further analysis revealed that such respiration regulation by moisture was associated with shifts in enzymatic activities and carbon use efficiency. Our findings suggest that future drought induced by climate warming might weaken the thermal compensatory capacity of microbial respiration, with important consequences for carbon–climate feedback.
Indirect nitrous oxide emission factors of fluvial networks can be predicted by dissolved organic carbon and nitrate from local to global scales
Authors: Wang Junfeng , Wang Gongqin , Zhang Sibo , Xin Yuan , Jiang Chenrun , Liu Shaoda , He Xiaojia , McDowell William H. , Xia Xinghui
Published: September 2022

Streams and rivers are important sources of nitrous oxide (N2O), a powerful greenhouse gas. Estimating global riverine N2O emissions is critical for the assessment of anthropogenic N2O emission inventories. The indirect N2O emission factor (EF5r) model, one of the bottom‐up approaches, adopts a fixed EF5r value to estimate riverine N2O emissions based on IPCC methodology. However, the estimates have considerable uncertainty due to the large spatiotemporal variations in EF5r values. Factors regulating EF5r are poorly understood at the global scale. Here, we combine 4‐year in situ observations across rivers of different land use types in China, with a global meta‐analysis over six continents, to explore the spatiotemporal variations and controls on EF5r values. Our results show that the EF5r values in China and other regions with high N loads are lower than those for regions with lower N loads. Although the global mean EF5r value is comparable to the IPCC default value, the global EF5r values are highly skewed with large variations, indicating that adopting region‐specific EF5r values rather than revising the fixed default value is more appropriate for the estimation of regional and global riverine N2O emissions. The ratio of dissolved organic carbon to nitrate (DOC/NO3−) and NO3− concentration are identified as the dominant predictors of region‐specific EF5r values at both regional and global scales because stoichiometry and nutrients strictly regulate denitrification and N2O production efficiency in rivers. A multiple linear regression model using DOC/NO3− and NO3− is proposed to predict region‐specific EF5r values. The good fit of the model associated with easily obtained water quality variables allows its widespread application. This study fills a key knowledge gap in predicting region‐specific EF5r values at the global scale and provides a pathway to estimate global riverine N2O emissions more accurately based on IPCC methodology.
5300‐Year‐old soil carbon is less primed than young soil organic matter
Authors: Su Jiao , Zhang Haiyang , Han Xingguo , Lv Ruofei , Liu Li , Jiang Yong , Li Hui , Kuzyakov Yakov , Wei Cunzheng
Published: September 2022

Soils harbor more than three times as much carbon (C) as the atmosphere, a large fraction of which (stable organic matter) serves as the most important global C reservoir due to its long residence time. Litter and root inputs bring fresh organic matter (FOM) into the soil and accelerate the turnover of stable C pools, and this phenomenon is termed the “priming effect” (PE). Compared with knowledge about labile soil C pools, very little is known about the vulnerability of stable C to priming. Using two soils that substantially differed in age (500 and 5300 years before present) and in the degree of chemical recalcitrance and physical protection of soil organic matter (SOM), we showed that leaf litter amendment primed 264% more organic C from the young SOM than from the old soil with very stable C. Hierarchical partitioning analysis confirmed that SOM stability, reflected mainly by available C and aggregate protection of SOM, is the most important predictor of leaf litter‐induced PE. The addition of complex FOM (i.e., leaf litter) caused a higher bacterial oligotroph/copiotroph (K‐/r‐strategists) ratio, leading to a PE that was 583% and 126% greater than when simple FOM (i.e., glucose) was added to the young and old soils, respectively. This implies that the PE intensity depends on the chemical similarity between the primer (here FOM) and SOM. Nitrogen (N) mining existed when N and simple FOM were added (i.e., Glucose+N), and N addition raised the leaf litter‐induced PE in the old soil that had low N availability, which was well explained by the microbial stoichiometry. In conclusion, the PE induced by FOM inputs strongly decreases with increasing SOM stability. However, the contribution of stable SOM to CO2 efflux cannot be disregarded due to its huge pool size.
Pseudomonas species may appear strikingly filamentous in tissue sections: an important consideration for surgical pathologists and a reminder of the utility of modified silver impregnation methods
Authors: Harris Cynthia K , Christensen Bianca B , Kwan Melanie , Foreman Ruth K , Stagner Anna M
Published: September 2022

Although tissue culture is the gold standard for diagnosing infection, histologic examination of surgically resected tissue can be a critical component in the diagnosis of tissue infection. The goal of this brief report is to alert surgical pathologists that Pseudomonas species can appear strikingly filamentous histologically and may somewhat mimic the appearance of filamentous bacteria, such Actinomyces or Nocardia, or thin fungal hyphae. A secondary aim is to raise awareness that Pseudomonas can sometimes only be identified histologically through the use of a modified silver impregnation method (Steiner stain). Five cases of filamentous Pseudomonas were encountered in three different surgical pathology subspecialities (ophthalmic pathology, cardiovascular pathology, and dermatopathology) over a 1‐year period. All cases were of formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissue, stained using hematoxylin & eosin (H&E) and multiple histochemical stains. Four cases grew Pseudomonas aeruginosa in culture and, in the fifth case, a nonaeruginosa species was detected using polymerase chain reaction‐based methods. The markedly filamentous‐appearing Pseudomonas organisms were identified in five different tissue sites: vascular graft, enucleation (whole eye) specimen, scleral biopsy, soft‐tissue excision, and skin punch biopsy. In one of the five cases the organisms were seen on H&E, and in only two of the five were the organisms seen on Brown–Hopps stain. In all five cases, the organisms were identified on Steiner stain. It is therefore important to recognize that Pseudomonas can appear markedly filamentous, Pseudomonas or other bacterial infection is suspected, the surgical pathologist would be advised to employ the Steiner stain to most consistently detect the organisms.
Factors associated with late presentation for HIV care in adolescents in Spain
Authors: Epalza Cristina , Domínguez‐Rodríguez Sara , Cervantes Eloisa , Jiménez de Ory Santiago , Frick Marie Antoinette , Fortuny Clàudia , Soler‐Palacín Pere , Prieto‐Tato Luis , Sainz Talía , Carreras‐Abad Clara , Montero Alonso Marta , de Zárraga Fernández Miguel Alberto , Ocampo Antonio , Rojo Pablo , Navarro Maria Luisa ,   the Cohort of the Spanish HIV/AIDS Pediatric (CoRISpe)# and Adult (CoRIS) Networks
Published: September 2022

Objective

Late presenters (LP) for HIV care are associated with higher morbidity and mortality rates. Our aim was to describe the characteristics associated with LP among adolescents in Spain. Identification of particular features may help in the design of strategies for improvement.

Methods

Late‐presenting adolescents diagnosed at 12–19 years of age and enrolled in the Spanish paediatric and adult HIV/AIDS cohorts (CoRIS‐CoRISpe) from 2004 to 2019 were selected. LP were defined as those presenting with CD4 count <350 cells/mm3 or an AIDS‐defining event in the 6 months following HIV diagnosis. Confirmed low CD4 count in the next 3 months and before antiretroviral treatment initiation defined confirmed LP (cLP).

Results

Of 410 adolescents newly diagnosed with HIV, 303 (73.9%) had available data for assessing late presentation. Of these, 34.7% were LP and 23.7% were cLP. The median CD4 count for cLP was 235 cells/mm3 (interquartile range 122–285). In a multivariable analysis, adolescents at the highest risk of late presentation were early adolescents (age 12–14 years; odds ratio [OR] 6.50; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.61–18.2), middle adolescents (age 15–17 years; OR 1.85; 95% CI 0.92–3.59), and adolescents born abroad (OR 1.71; 95% CI 0.97–3.00), particularly those of African origin (OR 3.08; 95% CI 1.38–6.79).

Conclusions

One‐quarter of adolescents presented late for HIV care in Spain. Early adolescents, middle adolescents, and those born abroad presented a sevenfold, twofold, and twofold higher risk of being cLP, respectively. Enhancing the awareness of HIV risk and the access to care, especially for younger and foreign adolescents, could help reduce late presentation and tackle the adolescent HIV epidemic.
MONETARY POLICY AND INEQUALITY: HOW DOES ONE AFFECT THE OTHER?
Authors: Ma Eunseong
Published: September 2022

This article studies a labor‐supply‐side channel affecting the relationship between monetary policy and income inequality. To this end, I build a heterogeneous‐agent New Keynesian economy with indivisible labor in which both macro and micro labor supply elasticities are endogenously generated. First, I find that monetary policy shocks have distributional consequences due to a substantial heterogeneity in labor supply elasticity across households. Second, a more equal economy is associated with more effective monetary policy in terms of output. I document supporting empirical evidence for the key mechanism of the model using microlevel data and state‐level data in the United States.