bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Note on Weak vs. Strong Generation in Human Language
Authors: Fukui Naoki
Published: January 2016

This paper argues that various important results of formal language theory (e.g., the so-called Chomsky Hierarchy) may in fact be illusory as far as the human language faculty is concerned, as has been repeatedly emphasized by Chomsky himself. The paper takes up nested dependencies and cross-serial dependencies, the two important dependencies that typically show up in the discussion of the central classes of grammars and languages, and specifically shows that the fact that nested dependencies abound in human language while cross-serial dependencies are rather limited in human language can be naturally explained if we shift our attention from dependencies defined on terminal strings to abstract structures behind them. The paper then shows that nested dependencies are readily obtained by Merge, applying phase-by-phase, whereas cross-serial dependencies are available only as a result of copying Merge, which requires a constituency of the relevant strings. These results strongly suggest that dependencies are possible in human language only to the extent that they are the results from the structures that can be generated by Merge, leading to the conclusion that it is Merge-generability that determines various dependencies in human language, and that dependencies defined on the terminal strings are indeed illusory. A possible brain science experiment to demonstrate this point is also suggested.
A note on Fukui’s note
Authors: Tsai Cheng-Yu Edwin
Published: January 2016

This commentary relates Fukui’s (2015) note on weak vs. strong generation to two aspects of quantification in Chinese: quantifier scope and the syntactic licensing conditions of noninterrogative wh-expressions. It is shown that the phenomena under discussion echo Fukui’s (2015) view that only strong generation allows for a deeper understanding of natural language and that dependencies are to be distinguished structurally.
A Case of V2 in Chinese
Authors: Tsai Wei-Tien Dylan
Published: January 2016

As far as the left periphery is concerned, there is a conspiracy between syntax, semantics, and pragmatics to ensure the success of sentence formation. We would like to put forth the claim that peripheral features play an important role in this endeavor, which can be checked by either Merge or Move according to the parameter-settings of individual languages. Along this line, topic prominence can be regarded as the result of peripheral feature checking, and the null topic hypothesis à la Huang (1984) is reinvented as a null operator merger to fulfill interface economy in the left periphery. In this regard, Chinese provides substantial evidence from obligatory topicalization in outer affectives, evaluatives, and refutory wh-constructions, which applies only when the licensing from a D(efiniteness)-operator is blocked. The idea also extends naturally to the issues concerning pro-drop and bare nominals in general. In this light, we may well compare Chinese obligatory topicalization to those residual cases of verb-second (V2) in English, all being manifestation of the strong uniformity.
Touching Hearts: The Uncertain but Strategic Politics of KASHISH 2015
Authors: Maitra Ani
Published: January 2016

Ani Maitra reviews the fifth edition of the Mumbai International Queer Film Festival, focusing on the crucial role that the festival plays in bringing together Indian activists and filmmakers, while also combining collective action and aesthetic self-expression. Maitra examines the festival's rather difficult self-stated goal of “touching hearts” locally and globally, as shaped by the often-conflicting ideologies espoused by local politics, global and corporatized LGBT rights discourses, and Euro-American queer theory.
Prueba de ADN, bases de datos genéticos y proceso penal: panorama normativo en España y Portugal
Authors: Álvarez Buján María Victoria
Published: January 2016

El principal objetivo del artículo que se propone para su publicación se centra en llevar a cabo un análisis crítico de la regulación existente en España y Portugal acerca de las pruebas de ADN, así como de las bases de datos genéticos, haciendo especial hincapié en cuestiones tales como las relativas a la coerción física y a la coerción jurídica, amén de resaltar las últimas novedades y propuestas legislativas habidas a tal efecto, particularmente, en España. Todo ello se desarrollará tomando como punto de partida las exigencias que dimanan de la Unión Europea en este ámbito. Además, nuestra principal finalidad será no sólo la de detectar las ventajas e inconvenientes que presentan ambos regímenes, sino también la de establecer una comparativa entre ellos, a partir de la cual se puedan proponer determinadas ideas de mejora legislativa en lo que respecta a esta materia.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/dereito.24.2.2802
El centro de trabajo como ámbito de actuación de los delegados sindicales. Injerencia legal en la autonomía sindical. Comentario de la STS de 1 de julio de 2014 (Rº 91/2013).
Authors: Nieto Rojas Patricia
Published: January 2016

Aunque el ámbito de los delegados sindicales debe ser coincidente con el de las secciones sindicales a las que representan, la sentencia objeto de este comentario modifica el criterio jurisprudencial anterior entendiendo que es una decisión del sindicato la opción por constituir la sección a nivel de empresa o a nivel de centro y, derivada de dicha opción, la de designar al delegado sindical, tomando como referencia uno u otro ámbito. Obviamente tendrá que existir una correspondencia entre el ámbito de la sección y el de designación de los delegados, máxime cuando éste es el mandatado de la sección para actuar como representante de la misma si bien esta concordancia debiera permitir su designación en el ámbito que convenga a la sección, y no en función de los órganos unitarios preexistentes.http://dx.doi.org/10.15304/dereito.24.2.2814
A Novel Gene Controlling the Timing of Courtship Initiation in Drosophila melanogaster
Authors: Luu Peter , Zaki Sadaf A , Tran David H , French Rachael L
Published: January 2016

Over the past 35 years, developmental geneticists have made impressive progress toward an understanding of how genes specify morphology and function, particularly as they relate to the specification of each physical component of an organism. In the last 20 years, male courtship behavior in Drosophila melanogaster has emerged as a robust model system for the study of genetic specification of behavior. Courtship behavior is both complex and innate, and a single gene, fruitless (fru), is both necessary and sufficient for all aspects of the courtship ritual. Typically, loss of male-specific Fruitless protein function results in male flies that perform the courtship ritual incorrectly, slowly, or not at all. Here we describe a novel requirement for fru: we have identified a group of cells in which male Fru proteins are required to reduce the speed of courtship initiation. In addition, we have identified a gene, Trapped in endoderm 1 (Tre1), which is required in these cells for normal courtship and mating behavior. Tre1 encodes a G-protein-coupled receptor required for establishment of cell polarity and cell migration and has previously not been shown to be involved in courtship behavior. We describe the results of feminization of the Tre1-expressing neurons, as well as the effects on courtship behavior of mutation of Tre1. In addition, we show that Tre1 is expressed in a sexually dimorphic pattern in the central and peripheral nervous systems and investigate the role of the Tre1 cells in mate identification.
Natural Selection and Recombination Rate Variation Shape Nucleotide Polymorphism Across the Genomes of Three Related Populus Species
Authors: Wang Jing , Street Nathaniel R , Scofield Douglas G , Ingvarsson Pär K
Published: January 2016

A central aim of evolutionary genomics is to identify the relative roles that various evolutionary forces have played in generating and shaping genetic variation within and among species. Here we use whole-genome resequencing data to characterize and compare genome-wide patterns of nucleotide polymorphism, site frequency spectrum, and population-scaled recombination rates in three species of Populus: Populus tremula, P. tremuloides, and P. trichocarpa. We find that P. tremuloides has the highest level of genome-wide variation, skewed allele frequencies, and population-scaled recombination rates, whereas P. trichocarpa harbors the lowest. Our findings highlight multiple lines of evidence suggesting that natural selection, due to both purifying and positive selection, has widely shaped patterns of nucleotide polymorphism at linked neutral sites in all three species. Differences in effective population sizes and rates of recombination largely explain the disparate magnitudes and signatures of linked selection that we observe among species. The present work provides the first phylogenetic comparative study on a genome-wide scale in forest trees. This information will also improve our ability to understand how various evolutionary forces have interacted to influence genome evolution among related species.
Koloproktologijos istorijos atspindžiai filatelijoje
Authors: Samuolis Remigijus
Published: January 2016

1981 m. baigiau Kauno medicinos institutą, buvau paskirtas dirbti chirurgu Respublikinėje Panevėžio ligoninėje. Čia atlikau internatūros kursą, pradėjau chirurgo karjerą, kurią toje pačioje įstaigoje tęsiu iki šiol. Ilgi sėslaus gyvenimo metai suteikė pri­vilegiją sutikti daug šviesių žmonių, dariusių įtaką mano pažiūroms, karjerai, laisvalaikio pomėgiams. Už galimybę pabėgti nuo kasdienių rūpesčių ir malonumą, kurį patiriu kolekcionuodamas pašto ženklus, tariu nuoširdų ačiū savo bičiuliui Aleksandrui Michelsonui, paskatinusiam pasinerti į kolekcionavimo aistrą.Yra tekę skaityti pavienių straipsnių užsienio medicinos spaudoje apie gydytojų pomėgius kolekcionuoti pašto ženklus ir jais iliustruoti vieną ar kitą aprašomą medicinos temą. Panaršius internete, pavyko rasti įdomios medžiagos apie radiologiją, oftalmologiją, odontologiją, urologiją, infekcines ligas, kur tema dėstoma remiantis filateline medžiaga. Vartydamas savo fila­telijos kolekcijos albumus pamačiau, kad pašto ženklai gali papasakoti ir apie koloproktologiją – chirurgijos sritį, kurioje pats darbuojuosi jau kelis dešimtmečius. Išdrįsau paimti plunksną į rankas, kad savo įžvalgas pateikčiau medikų bendruomenei ir visiems, kas domisi medicinos istorija.
Prenatal Evaluation of Myelomeningocele: A Neurosurgical Perspective
Authors: Birgisson Natalia E. , Lober Robert M. , Grant Gerald A.
Published: January 2016

Myelomeningocele is a neural tube defect that can be diagnosed in utero. The standard of care is postnatal surgery for repair of the open spinal defect, although prenatal surgery is now offered in some institutions. This article considers the prognosis and management decisions of myelomeningocele with special emphasis on prenatal counseling and treatment planning.
Vitamin D: A New Promising Therapy for Congenital Ichthyosis
Authors: Sethuraman Gomathy , Marwaha Raman K , Challa Apoorva , Yenamandra Vamsi K , Ramakrishnan Lakshmy , Thulkar Sanjay , Sharma Vinod K
Published: January 2016

Severe vitamin D deficiency and rickets are highly prevalent among children with congenital ichthyosis. We report an incidental observation of a dramatic and excellent clinical response with regard to skin scaling and stiffness in children with congenital ichthyosis after short-term high-dose vitamin D supplementation that has not been previously described. Seven children with congenital ichthyosis (5 with autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis; 2 with epidermolytic ichthyosis) and severe vitamin D deficiency (and/or rickets) were given 60 000 IU of oral cholecalciferol daily for 10 days under supervision. All children were subsequently put on recommended daily allowance of 400 to 600 IU of cholecalciferol. The main outcome measures observed and studied were reduction in skin scaling and stiffness of the extremities. All cases had severe vitamin D deficiency (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D < 4 ng/mL) and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Six patients had clinical and radiologic evidence of rickets. Significant improvement in scaling was noticeable by day 5, showing further improvement by day 10, in 6 of the 7 cases. At 1 month, the skin had become near normal in all the cases of autosomal recessive congenital ichthyosis. Remarkable reduction in stiffness was also observed in all children. Supplementation with high-dose vitamin D followed by recommended daily allowance appears to be an effective form of therapy in the management of congenital ichthyosis with vitamin D deficiency.
Interconnection of students’ somatic type with somatic health
Authors: Baskevich O.V.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to study interconnection of students’ somatic type with their somatic health. Material: in the research 106 students of 17-22 years’ age participated. Anthropometric indicators were determined. Results: we calculated indices, which characterize reserve potentials of cardio-respiratory system. Students with micro-somatic body constitution have low values of heart beats rate and high diastolic blood pressure. In macro-somatic students we observed confidently higher heart beats rate indicator. By this indicator the students have also restricted range of organism’s compensatory potentials. Macro-somatic students with high values of Robinson’s index can be related to group with reduced functional reserves of cardio-vascular system. Conclusions: it is recommended to consider that increase of body length and heart beats rate indicators negatively impact on students’ somatic health. It is recommended to distribute students, considering main anthropometric indicators.
Analysis of Olympic education theoretical readiness of future physical culture teachers
Authors: Bondar A.A.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: analysis of Olympic knowledge system in future physical culture teachers. Material: in the research 180 4 year students of physical culture faculties participated. Results: it was found that students’ theoretical knowledge level in the sphere of Olympic movement corresponds to low. It was confirmed that system of Olympic knowledge is an integral part of future physical culture teachers’ readiness for Olympic education of schoolchildren. It was found that in the process of knowledge formation in students it is necessary to consider theoretical material on Olympic education, acting academic programs for pupils of comprehensive educational establishments. Conclusions: students have low level of knowledge in sphere of Olympic movement (general indicator was 57.4%). It weakens effectiveness of skills, knowledge and motivation’s formation in realization of schoolchildren’s Olympic education.
Physical culture in life of Eastern-European region students: modern state and prospects of development
Authors: Iermakov S.S. , Cieślicka Mirosława , Muszkieta Radosław
Published: January 2016

Purpose: analysis of researches on physical culture problems among students in countries of Easter-European region (2013-2015). Material: As sources of information we chose data base of Russia, Poland and Ukraine. Besides, we used sites of the most known journals of Easter-European region. When choosing journals we based on rating of Russia (RISC), Poland (Index Copernicus) and Ukraine (bibliometryka of Ukrainian science) data bases. Results: thematic focus of researches on different physical education, sports and students health aspects was determined. The promising directions of researches are as follows: re-organization of system of students’ physical education; interconnection of life quality and organism’s resistance to environmental impacts; dependence of students’ motor functioning on bad habits’ presence; determination of factors, facilitating motivation for sport games in system of students’ health related trainings; perceiving of life quality by disabled students; competence and professional skillfulness of specialists in physical culture and sports. Conclusions: it is recommended to use new, attractive forms of students’ motor functioning. It is necessary to regulate students’ motor functioning, considering motivation for success and for avoiding failures as well as to increase students’ psycho-physiological stresses’ resistance and to form students’ culture of health.
Influence of stimulated plasticity training method on coordination indicators of high pedagogic educational estableshments’ girl students
Authors: Kolumbet A.N.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: study of stimulated plasticity training’s influence on coordination indicators of pedagogic HEEs’ girl students. Material: 264 girl students participated in the research. Experiment was being carried out during three years. Responding abilities, static and dynamic balance, orientation in space, promptness of operative thinking, volume of mechanical memorizing, distribution of attention, accuracy, quickness and of attention re-switching, accuracy of tasks’ fulfillment were assessed. Results: it was found that plasticity has different kinds and forms of manifestation. Creative motor tasks require different conditions for their realization. We determined rates of plasticity increment by its main kinds. Plasticity of body movements was achieved at high level of different muscular groups’ coordination, optimal rhythm, rational correlation of tension and relaxation. Conclusions: it was found that plasticity shall be trained in compliance with its kinds and manifestations. It requires appropriated approach to content of methodic of its perfection.
Position of medical colleges’ students in respect to significance of physical exercises’ practicing and resons, conditioning it
Authors: Kubaj G.V.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to create pre-conditions for rising effectiveness of physical exercises’ practicing by increasing of appropriate medical colleges students’ motivation and attitude to role of such trainings in health strengthening and protection. Material: in the research 221 students (105 boys and 116 girls) participated; all they were 3 rd year students. Results: Extra curriculum physical exercises’ training is much more interesting for boys. With it 50% of boys and girls like in-college physical culture lessons. The content of such trainings does not facilitate formation of students’ position in respect to role of such exercises in health strengthening and protection. There is deficit of students’ appropriate knowledge and absence of their understanding of demand in mastering of appropriate knowledge and skills. Conclusions: for removal of detected drawbacks it is necessary to improve organization and content of medical colleges’ students’ physical education, considering the received data.
Substantiation of effectiveness of trainings on health related methodic for students with weakened motor fitness
Authors: Kuzmin V.A. , Kopylov Yu.A. , Kudryavtsev M.D. , Galimov G.Y. , Iermakov S. S.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: to work out methodic, facilitating successful conduct of health related trainings of students withy weakened motor (physical) fitness. Material: in the research 47 students with weakened motor fitness participated. Analysis of indicators of morbidity frequency and duration was carried out on the base of medical records’ studying during all academic year. Experimental methodic consisted of three chapters: execution of specifically selected Hatha yoga static postures, breathing exercises and boxing techniques. Breathing exercises were grouped in four complexes. Every complex was fulfilled during 6 trainings, after each of them the next followed. Results: it was found that frequency and duration of diseases statistically confidently decreased in academic year. It was shown that formation of healthy life style skills statistically confidently improved. Conclusions: we have determined: increased students’ interest to physical culture practicing; reduction of frequency and duration of diseases; higher level of formation of healthy life style skills.
Formation of student personality’s physical culture as subject of professional functioning
Authors: Otravenko O.V.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: generalization of experience of higher educational establishments’ future specialists’ professional training, oriented on formation of students’ personalities’ physical culture. Material: we questioned students (n=50) and institute teachers (n=30). Results: it was found that for increase of future specialists’ professional fitness effectiveness it was important to consider orientation of educational process on formation of student personality’s physical culture. Besides, it was noticed that professional fitness of future specialists is greatly influenced by implementation of modern technologies of formation of students’ physical culture in educational-learning process. Physical education means, oriented on aesthetic are of great health related and recreation significance. Conclusions: educational process shall be oriented on support of active motor functioning, motivation for physical exercises’ and healthy life style practicing.
Content of health related shaping training methodic for girls in the process of physical education
Authors: Skidan A.A. , Sevdalev S.V. , Vrublewskiy E.P.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: theoretical substantiation, working out and testing of health related trainings with girl students, practicing shaping in their physical education. Material: in the research 22 girl students of pedagogic specialties participated. Experiment stipulated usage of shaping methodic, based on computer program, during academic year. Results: experimental methodic of shaping permitted to bring physical condition indicators of experimental group’s girls to patterns of computer program. Analysis of the received data of body circumferential sizes did not show statistically confident distinctions from ideal patterns (р>0.05) that witness about their similarity. Results of abdomen top and bottom, torso sides and bottom of back fat folds’ measurements did not confidently differ from patterns (р>0.05). The above mentioned indicators were within normal values. With it difference for 5% of significance level was registered in the tested functional indicators of girl students, comparing with initial data. After experiment systolic and diastolic BP practically approached to normal value. Heart beats rate confidently approached to normative indicators. Conclusions: application of health related shaping methodic positively reflected on physical condition and functional state of girl students. We also proved that it was possible to use computer program for composing individualized training programs.
A review on Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) with an emphasis on its conservation
Authors: Gupta Sandipan , Banerjee Samir
Published: January 2016

Labeo calbasu is a freshwater fish species and is the most important carp species next to three Indian Major Carps Labeo rohita, Catla catla and Cirrhinus mrigala. It is a popular food fish and also is admired as a sport fish. Recently this fish species has also made its entry in ornamental fish markets of India and abroad. In last few years, the natural populations of this fish species has seriously declined due to over fishing and other anthropological reasons. In India it has been reported as Lower Risk near Threatened and in Bangladesh as endangered species. Earlier number of works has been conducted on different aspects of Labeo calbasu including food and feeding habit and reproductive biology. This report has been prepared with a view to sum up all those previously documented information along with pointing out the missing information further study of which will be beneficial for its fishery. Apart from this, it has been tried to note down some possible measures which should be considered for its conservation.
Agricultura Ecológica ao Sul do Brasil: de alternativa à contra-tendência
Authors: Charão Marques Flávia , Oliveira Daniela
Published: January 2016

Este artículo plantea una reflexión sobre los cambios sociotécnicos en la agricultura, entendidos como respuestas contratendenciales al desarrollo orientado por la modernización. A partir del caso emblemático del territorio Ipê-Antônio Prado en el extremo sur de Brasil, se confirma que la vinculación de distintos actores resulta en nuevas prácticas productivas, discursos, performances y múltiples procesos sociales que reposicionan modos locales de organización. Se identifica la emergencia de una expresión nativa de “agricultura ecológica” que se inicia bajo el signo de la agricultura alternativa, sin embargo, desencadena cursos de acción heterogéneos que configuran potenciales agendas de cambio para la producción de alimentos.
La contingencia del cambio social en la agricultura y la alimentación en América Latina
Authors: Paredes Myriam , Sherwood Stephen , Arce Alberto
Published: January 2016

Presentación del dossier "Estudios críticos de la agricultura y la alimentación: perspectivas sobre el actor, la práctica y el territorio en América Latina"
Do sensível às ideias: uma proposta de ensino de geometria, dos aspectos empíricos aos dedutivos
Authors: Lima André Ferreira , Almeida José Joelson Pimentel
Published: January 2016

Neste artigo – recorte de nossa dissertação de mestrado defendida no ano de 2015 –, fazemos uma revisão bibliográfica referente ao ensino de geometria nos anos iniciais do Ensino Fundamental, destacando reflexões teóricas da área de Educação Matemática. Preservando a originalidade da dissertação, propomos como objetivo trazer reflexões sobre uma proposta de ensino que privilegie inicialmente uma geometria empírica, atrelada ao cotidiano dos discentes, para, em seguida, abordar noções da geometria plana, uma vez que essa exige maior esforço para sua compreensão. Podemos apontar que o desenvolvimento de um trabalho de geometria pautado na exploração dos conceitos tridimensionais e no posterior estudo dos conteúdos da geometria plana pode contribuir para a aprendizagem, na medida em que o discurso dos discentes será naturalmente enriquecido em seu repertório, que passará a envolver noções e um léxico mais apropriado às geometrias plana e espacial.
Mapeamentos conceituais entre os modelos relacional e NoSQL: Uma abordagem comparativa
Authors: Freitas Myller Claudino , Souza Damires Yluska , Salgado Ana Carolina Brandão
Published: January 2016

As atuais perspectivas computacionais, vindas sobretudo da Web, têm gerado novas demandas relacionadas ao gerenciamento de dados, principalmente em termos de volume, heterogeneidade e dinamismo. Uma tendência atual para facilitar o gerenciamento de dados na Web é a utilização dos denominados Sistemas NoSQL, que se diferenciam dos sistemas que seguem o Modelo Relacional por possibilitarem a implementação de estruturas mais flexíveis. Contudo, a maioria dos bancos de dados de aplicações existentes encontra-se em estruturas relacionais, e a migração de uma base que segue o Modelo Relacional para uma NoSQL requer grande esforço dos projetistas diante das diferenças existentes. Nesse panorama, este artigo descreve os modelos citados, em termos de conceitos e estruturas, e apresenta um estudo comparativo apontando possíveis mapeamentos conceituais entre eles. Aborda também, de forma comparativa, trabalhos de conversão de dados existentes, e indica desafios e possibilidades para novas pesquisas sobre o tema.
Macrofauna edáfica em consórcio de sorgo e soja sob incremento de nitrogênio na gramínea
Authors: Fidelis R. R. , Gonzaga L. A. M. , Silva J. , Aguiar R. W. S.
Published: January 2016

Objetivou-se fazer um levantamento da macrofauna edáfica em culturas do sorgo e soja em sistema de consórcio com aplicação de doses crescentes de nitrogênio na gramínea. Foram utilizadas armadilhas do tipo pitfalls e os tratamentos ficaram assim dispostos: T1,  vegetação natural; T2,  sorgo solteiro + aplicação 100 kg ha-1 de N; T3,  sorgo-soja com uma linha de soja + 0 kg ha-1 de N; T4,  sorgo-soja com uma linha de soja + 20 kg ha-1 de N; T5,  sorgo-soja com uma linha de soja + 40 kg ha-1 de N; T6,  sorgo-soja com uma linha de soja + 60 kg ha-1 de N; T7,  sorgo-soja com uma linha de soja + 80 kg ha-1 de N; T8,  sorgo-soja com uma linha de soja + 100 kg ha-1 de N; T9,  sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja + 0 kg ha-1 de N; T10,  sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja + 20 kg ha-1 de N; T11,  sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja + 40 kg ha-1 de N; T12,  sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja + 60 kg ha-1 de N; T13, sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja + 80 kg ha-1 de N; T14,  sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja + 100 kg ha-1 de N. Avaliou-se número total de indivíduos, indivíduos por m2, riqueza média, índice de diversidade de Shannon (H) e de equitabilidade de Pielou (e). O consórcio sorgo-soja com duas linhas de soja proporciona maior diversidade e uniformidade de grupos. Os himenóoptera  e coleóptera predominam em relação aos demais grupos.Soil macrofauna intercropped sorghum and soybean under increment of nitrogen in grassABSTRACT - This study aimed to survey the soil macrofauna on sorghum and soybean crops in intercropping with application of increasing doses of nitrogen in grass. Traps pitfalls type were used and treatments were well prepared: T1, natural vegetation; T2, single application sorghum + 100 kg N ha-1; T3, sorghum-soybean with a line of soy + 0 kg N ha-1; T4, sorghum-soybean with a line of soy + 20 kg ha-1 N; T5, sorghum-soybean with a line of soy + 40 kg ha-1 N; T6, sorghum-soybean with a line of soy + 60 kg ha-1 N; T7, sorghum-soybean with a line of soy + 80 kg ha-1 N; T8, sorghum-soybean with a line of soy + 100 kg ha-1 N; T9, sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines + 0 kg N ha-1; T10, sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines + 20 kg ha-1 N; T11, sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines + 40 kg ha-1 N; T12, sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines + 60 kg ha-1 N; T13, sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines + 80 kg ha-1 N; T14, sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines + 100 kg ha-1 of N. We evaluated the total number of individuals, individuals per m2, mean richness, Shannon diversity index (H) and evenness equitability (e). The consortium sorghum-soybean with two soybean lines provides greater diversity and evenness of groups. The himenoptera and coleoptera predominates over the other groups.
Quality assurance in higher education: A review of literature
Authors: Ryan Tricia
Published: January 2016

The aim of this paper is to present a general view and a brief literature review of the main aspects related to quality assurance in global higher education. It provides an overview of accreditation as a mechanism to ensure quality in higher education, examines models of QA, and explores the concept of quality. In addition, this paper provides a review of research on the effectiveness of quality assurance practices, with a particular focus on student involvement with quality assurance. In reviewing the concept of quality assurance itself, the author noted there is a need for a common framework for a quality assurance model; however, there is no agreement as to a QA definition or a QA model. Furthermore, although quality is the utmost significant concern for accrediting bodies, accreditation structures are decentralized and complex at both the regional and international level. Another challenge identified revolves around the concerns of faculty members and other stakeholders, such as students, about the QA process. Given that students are at the center of higher education, and invest time and money in the system, the author concludes involving them could improve QA processes.DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v5i4.257
The role of business agreements in defining textbook affordability and digital materials: A document analysis
Authors: Raible John , deNoyelles Aimee
Published: January 2016

Adopting digital materials such as eTextbooks and e-coursepacks is a potential strategy to address textbook affordability in the United States. However, university business relationships with bookstore vendors implicitly structure which instructional resources are available and in what manner. In this study, a document analysis was conducted on the bookstore contracts for the universities included in the State University System of Florida. Namely, issues of textbook affordability, digital material terminology and seller exclusivity were investigated. It was found that textbook affordability was generally conceived in terms of print rental textbooks and buyback programs, and that eTextbooks were priced higher than print textbooks (25% to 30% markup). Implications and recommendations for change are shared.DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v5i4.284
Dinámicas TIC en educación biomédica y odontológica
Authors: Coro Montanet Gleyvis , Gómez Sánchez Margarita , Suárez García Ana
Published: January 2016

Ensayo que aborda un espectro de propuestas de nuevas tecnológicas aplicables en el ámbito de la enseñanza biomédica de mayor implicación operatoria, con especificidad en la rama odontológica. Después de un breve repaso de los elementos que han dificultado la inserción de las TIC en las academias médicas, el trabajo ofrece variedad de estrategias para gestionar el cambio y la mejora a través de la aplicación de tecnologías, con apoyo en evidencias de éxito y dependientes de la estrecha relación de lo tecnológico con un modelo educativo -de simulación preclínica y ejercitación teórico/práctica- dinámico y flexible. Todo refrendado por un proyecto de innovación, con base en la investigación-acción, llevado a cabo en la titulación de Odontología de la Universidad Europea de Madrid, que concluye con el aporte de buenas prácticas y una prospectiva de considerable desarrollo a corto y largo plazo.DOI: 10.18870/hlrc.v5i4.290
The Dental Solid Waste Management in Different Categories of Dental Laboratories in Abha City, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Haralur Satheesh B. , Al-Qahtani Ali S. , Al-Qarni Marie M. , Al-Homrany Rami M. , Aboalkhair Ayyob E. , Madalakote Sujatha S.
Published: January 2016

Aim: To study the awareness, attitude, practice and facilities among the different categories of dental laboratories in Abha city.Materials and Methods:A total of 80 dental technicians were surveyed in the study. The dental laboratories included in the study were teaching institute (Group I), Government Hospital (Group II), Private Dental Clinic (Group III) and Independent laboratory (Group IV). The pre-tested anonymous questionnaire was used to understand knowledge, attitude, facilities, practice and orientation regarding biomedical waste management.Results:The knowledge of biomedical waste categories, colour coding and segregation was better among Group I (55-65%) and Group II (65-75%). The lowest standard of waste disposal was practiced at Group IV (15-20%) and Group III (25-35%). The availability of disposal facilities was poor at Group IV. The continuous education on biomedical waste management lacked in all the Groups.Conclusion: The significant improvement in disposal facilities was required at Group III and Group IV laboratories. All dental technicians were in need of regular training of biomedical waste management.Clinical Significance: The dental laboratories are an integral part of dental practice. The dental laboratories are actively involved in the generation, handling and disposal of biomedical waste. Hence, it is important to assess the biomedical waste management knowledge, attitude, facilities and practice among different categories of dental laboratories.
Application of Behavior Management Techniques for Paediatric Dental Patients by Tanzanian Dental Practitioners
Authors: Mohamed Kawia Hassan , Shariff Mbawalla Hawa , Kokulengya Kahabuka Febronia
Published: January 2016

Background: Management of children’s behavior is an integral
component of pediatric dental practice.
Objective: To investigate the oral health care providers’
awareness, use and factors for choice of behavior management techniques when
attending paediatric dental patients. Methods: A cross-sectional
study among dental practitioners in
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Data collection was done through interview using a
structured questionnaire. The recorded information included: awareness and
application of behavior management techniques (BMT) when attending a child
dental patient, factors influencing choice of a particular technique,
socio-demographics, level of professional training, working experience and
facility profile. Using SPSS program version 18, frequency distributions and
cross tabulations analyses were performed. Results: 74 dental
practitioners participated in the study, of whom 49 (66.2%) were males and 44
(59.5%) were graduates. Most participants were aware of the behavior management
techniques, ranging from 100% for Tell-Show-Do to 86% for distraction. A small
proportion (9.5%) reported to have adequate skills, all of them were graduates.
The use of universally accepted BMTs was reported by 65% of experienced
practitioners, 61% of graduates, 59% of those reporting to have received formal
training and all of those reporting to have fair/inadequate skills to apply BMTs

(p= 0.01). Conclusion: Most participants were aware of BMTs,
although few acknowledged having adequate skills to apply the techniques. They
use BMTs during treatment of paediatric dental patients and their choice of the
technique is mainly influenced by children’s factors.
Caries Removal by Chemomechanical (Carisolv™) vs. Rotary Drill: A Systematic Review
Authors: Maru Viral P. , Shakuntala B.S. , Nagarathna C.
Published: January 2016

Background:Chemomechanical caries removal is an effective alternative to the traditional rotary drilling method. The advantages of chemomechanical techniques in terms of the need for anesthesia, pain perception and patient preference are systematically reviewed and a meta-analysis of the time required for caries removal is reported.Method: Randomized controlled studies of comparison of chemomechanical techniques with conventional rotary drill were selected from a systematic search of standard biomedical databases, including the PubMed and Cochrane clinical trials. Non-repeated search results were screened for relevance and risk of bias assessment, followed by methodology assessment. Statistical models were applied to the outcome parameters - time required, pain perception, need of anesthesia and patient preference - extracted from the studies.Results: Out of the 111 non-repeated search results, 26 studies receiving a low bias score were selected for the review, and 16 randomized clinical trials of rotary and Carisolv techniques were considered for meta-analysis. Meta-analysis by fixed effect as well as random effect models indicate that Carisolv takes more time (3.65 ± 0.05 and 4.09 ± 0.29 min) than rotary drill (8.65 ± 0.09 and 8.97 ± 0.66 min) method. Advantages of reduced pain (14.67 for Carisolvvs.6.76 for rotary drill), need for anesthesia (1.59%vs.10.52%) outweigh the longer time requirement and make it the preferred (18.68%vs.4.69%) method.Conclusion: Chemomechanical techniques stand out as a minimally invasive and preferred method based on the meta-analyses. Evaluation of pain experienced using robust methods is needed to strengthen the evidence for their use.
Esthetic Prosthetic Restorations: Reliability and Effects on Antagonist Dentition
Authors: Daou Elie E.
Published: January 2016

Recent advances in ceramics have greatly improved the functional and esthetic properties of restorative materials. New materials offer an esthetic and functional oral rehabilitation, however their impact on opposing teeth is not welldocumented. Peer-reviewed articles published till December 2014 were identified through Pubmed (Medline and Elsevier). Scientifically, there are several methods of measuring the wear process of natural dentition which enhances the comparison of the complicated results. This paper presents an overview of the newly used prosthetic materials and their implication on antagonist teeth or prostheses, especially emphasizing the behavior of zirconia restorations.
Revascularization of an Immature Tooth with Apical Periodontitis Using
Calcium Hydroxide: A 3-year Follow-up
Authors: Henrique Chagas Silva Mauro , Neiva Campos Celso , Santos Coelho Marcelo
Published: January 2016

Root canal treatment of teeth presenting immature development is a great challenge for both the patient and the
professional. The thinness of the root canal walls of immature teeth may lead to root fracture and thus the outcomes of
such treatments are uncertain. Revascularization is based on root canal decontamination followed by the induction of
blood migration from the periapical tissues and the development of new vascular tissue in the canal space. The principle
of disinfection in regenerative endodontics is that it should be achieved with minimum root canal instrumentation; an intracanal
medication is used to inhibit bacterial growth and appropriate sealing of the coronal portion is performed. The
American Association of Endodontists (AAE) considerations for regenerative endodontics include calcium hydroxide as
an alternative intracanal dressing. This material has also been claimed to diminish the possibility of dental staining during
revascularization procedures. The relatively new treatment protocol has been widely reported in the last few years; however
it should be performed only when other alternatives are not reasonable. This case report presents a 3-year follow-up
of a case of revascularization of a maxillary central incisor using calcium hydroxide as a root canal disinfection dressing.
Bactericidal Efficacy of Cold Plasma at Different Depths of Infected Root
Canals In Vitro
Authors: Herbst Sascha R. , Hertel Moritz , Ballout Husam , Pierdzioch Philipp , Weltmann Klaus-Dieter , Wirtz Henrik C. , Abu-Sirhan Shady , Kostka Eckehard , Paris Sebastian , Preissner Saskia
Published: January 2016

Objectives: Cold plasma (CP) has been shown to be effective
even against multiresistant microorganisms. As previous investigations on the
effect of CP in root canals showed promising results, the aim of the present
study was to analyze the bactericidal efficacy of CP in different depths of
infected dentin. Methods: 32 standardized root canals of human
mandibular premolars were infected with Enterococcus faecalis and
incubated for one week. Specimens were randomly selected for one of four
disinfection methods: control (5mL NaCl), 5mL chlorhexidine (CHX), CP alone
(CP), and a combination of 5mL CHX and cold plasma (CHX+CP). CHX was
ultrasonically activated for 30s, while cold plasma was used for 60s in the root
canals. Dentin samples at depths of 300, 500 and 800 µm were obtained and
diluted serially. Colony forming units (CFUs) were counted on agar plates after
24h of incubation. Results: The highest overall logarithmic
reduction factors (RF) were obtained from CHX+CP (log RF 3.56 p<0.01;
Mann-Whitney U test), followed by CP (log RF 3.27 p<0.01) and CHX alone (log RF
2.65 p<0.01) related to the control. All disinfection methods showed
significantly lower CFU counts compared to the control group in 300 µm and 800
µm (both p<0.01, Kruskal-Wallis test).
Discussion: The adjuvant use of CP might be beneficial in highly
infected root canals to improved disinfection. However, the disinfection effect
against Enterococcus faecalis of CP is comparable to ultrasonically
activated CHX.
Bringing Sounds into Use: Thinking of Sounds as Materials and a Sketch of Auditory Affordances
Authors: J. Steenson Christopher , M. Rodger Matthew W.
Published: January 2016

We live in a richly structured auditory environment. From the sounds of cars charging towards us on the street
to the sounds of music filling a dancehall, sounds like these are generally seen as being instances of things we hear but can
also be understood as opportunities for action. In some circumstances, the sound of a car approaching towards us can provide
critical information for the avoidance of harm. In the context of a concert venue, sociocultural practices like music
can equally afford coordinated activities of movement, such as dancing or music making. Despite how evident the behavioral
effects of sound are in our everyday experience, they have been sparsely accounted for within the field of psychology.
Instead, most theories of auditory perception have been more concerned with understanding how sounds are passively
processed and represented and how they convey information of the world, neglecting than how this information can
be used for anything. Here, we argue against these previous rationalizations, suggesting instead that information is instantiated
through use and, therefore, is an emergent effect of a perceiver’s interaction with their environment. Drawing on
theory from psychology, philosophy and anthropology, we contend that by thinking of sounds as materials, theorists and
researchers alike can get to grips with the vast array of auditory affordances that we purposefully bring into use when interacting
with the environment.
Acoustic Information During Motor Control and Action Perception: A Review
Authors: Pizzera Alexandra , Hohmann Tanja
Published: January 2016

There is a whole body of research that provides evidence that the motor system plays a crucial role in controlling
as well as perceiving movements. So far a lot of evidence for the interaction of action and perception derives from
studies in the visual domain. However, up to now not much is known about the role of acoustic information. The focus of
this review is to provide an overview regarding the role of the motor system and auditory sense during action perception
and motor control. Recent theories and studies that discuss the interaction of perception and action will be reviewed with
an emphasis on the use of acoustic information. Empirical evidence derived from behavioral as well as neuroscience research
using simple as well as whole-body movements will be provided. Additionally, we will provide perspectives regarding
future research questions to bring forward our understanding of the role of acoustic information in the control and
perception of actions and its underlying mechanisms.
Sonification as Concurrent Augmented Feedback for Motor Skill Learning and the Importance of Mapping Design
Authors: F. Dyer John , Stapleton Paul , W. M. Rodger Matthew
Published: January 2016

There is a whole body of research that provides evidence that the motor system plays a crucial role in controlling
as well as perceiving movements. So far a lot of evidence for the interaction of action and perception derives from
studies in the visual domain. However, up to now not much is known about the role of acoustic information. The focus of
this review is to provide an overview regarding the role of the motor system and auditory sense during action perception
and motor control. Recent theories and studies that discuss the interaction of perception and action will be reviewed with
an emphasis on the use of acoustic information. Empirical evidence derived from behavioral as well as neuroscience research
using simple as well as whole-body movements will be provided. Additionally, we will provide perspectives regarding
future research questions to bring forward our understanding of the role of acoustic information in the control and
perception of actions and its underlying mechanisms.