bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EMPIRICAL STUDY FOR THE STRATEGIC ROLE OF INTERNAL AUDIT IN DEDICATING FRAUD RISK IN THE FINANCIAL STATEMENT: EVIDENCE FROM IRAQ
Authors: Thamer Kadhim Al-abedi
Published: June 2023

An audit is a regular and systematic process to collect and impartially evaluate evidence of management claims in relation to economic activities and events to determine the extent to which these claims comply with predetermined criteria and to report results to stakeholders. The study aims to know the strategic role of internal audit in detecting the risks of financial fraud, in addition to identifying the basic concepts of internal auditing and the types of fraud risks in the financial statements, and clarifying the role of the internal auditor in detecting the risks of financial fraud, by knowing the impact of the planning process and professional skepticism and understanding The work environment and its contribution to support the internal auditor in detecting fraud risks in the financial statements, and the study concluded that the internal auditor when developing an audit plan, must develop an integrated vision of the effectiveness of governance and risk management, which contributes to reducing the risks of fraud in financial information. In addition, he should consider the institution's evaluation of fraud risks and may evaluate the company's fraud detection abilities on a regular basis. The ability of the internal auditor to continuously assess the potential risks resulting from the work environment helps in discovering the risks of fraud in financial information, in addition to the internal auditor's knowledge of the nature of the work environment in which he works helps to know the risks and detect financial fraud.  The internal auditor should identify the potential effects of fraud and discuss the matter with the appropriate level of management, whom management decides to initiate a full investigation and this is achieved through the professional skepticism of the auditor.
The Effect of Neck Stabilization Exercise with Pilates Breathing on muscle endurance, Pain and Hand grip strength of Head forward posture
Authors:   The Korean Society of Medicine & Therapy Science, Lee Song-ei , Kim Gyu-Yong , Lim Gyu-don , Lee Jun-hee
Published: June 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect on the cranio-cervical flexion exercise which is a neck stabilization exercise, and cranio-cervical flexion exercise applying Pilates breathing on neck muscle endurance, pain, and grip strength. Method: This study was conducted for 8 weeks, 30 minutes twice a week for 27 people, The control group performed cranio-cervical flexion exercise which is a neck stabilization exercise, and the experimental group performed cranio-cervical flexion exercise applying Pilates breathing. Visual Analog Scale was used to evaluate pain, a pressure biofeedback instrument and a stop-watch were used to evaluate the muscle endurance of deep neck flexor muscles, and a Jamar Hand evaluation kit was used to evaluate hand pressure. In this data, Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to assume the normality of all dependent variables, and descriptive statistics were used for the general characteristics of the subjects. ANCOVA statistical method was used to verify validity, and the significance level was p<.05. Results: There were significant differences in muscle endurance, pain, and grip strength in the group applying Pilates breathing in the cranio-cervical flexion exercise of the neck stability exercises. Conclusion: In the group of applying Pilates breathing in the cranio-cervical flexion exercise of the neck stability exercises, neck muscle endurance and hand grip strength increased and pain decreased.
Wzywam o magna charta libertatis – aktualność Korczakowskiego wezwania
Authors: Michalak Marek
Published: June 2023

The article presents the topicality of Janusz Korczak’s pedagogy and his call for respecting children’s rights. Attention was paid to human dignity as the foundation of children’s rights, children’s citizenship and children’s subjectivity. The aim of the research undertaken is to diagnose the unique institution and pedagogical label that is the Order of the Smile, to show its social legitimacy over fifty years, as well as to show the exemplification of Korczak’s idea of a reversed child-adult relationship, where it is no longer just the child who draws on the wisdom of the adult, but it is the adult who learns from the child. Additionally, the analysis aims to give credence to a new model of education based on child citizenship, children’s rights and the expression of the child’s voice in the public space, where it is the children who promote the adults by introducing them to the arena of the Knights of the Order of the Smile. The research on the Order of the Smile presented in this paper draws on both traditional monographs of the institution and contemporary case studies. The institution of the Order of the Smile was indicated as a socio-cultural phenomenon of the world of children and adults, and at the same time a guarantor of the implementation of Korczak’s call for children’s rights, for magna charta libertatis, which reflects Korczak’s model of child-adult relations.
Rancang Bangun Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Website Google Sites pada Materi Astronomi
Authors: Bahari Fajar , Wardani Diah Ayu Kusuma , Pascaeka Lintang , Febrianti Nur Azizah Putri , Nuraini Lailatul
Published: June 2023

Abstrak Pembuatan website bisa dilakukan menggunakan Google Site yang tidak perlu bahasa pemograman yang sulit. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghasilkan sebuah media pembelajaran berbasis website Google Sites pada materi Astronomi dan mendeskripsikan respons mahasiswa dalam menggunakan media yang dihasilkan. Penelitian menggunakan metode penelitian Multimedia Development Life Cycle dengan enam tahapan, yaitu tahap pengonsepan, perancangan, pengumpulan bahan, pembuatan, pengujian, dan pendistribusian. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 30 orang menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan yaitu angket validasi media dan respons. Penilaian angket menggunakan skala Likert dengan lima skala penilaian dan analisis data menggunakan interpretasi skor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai validasi ahli media berada pada kategori cukup valid dan rata-rata respons yang diperoleh berada pada kategori sangat baik. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis website Google Sites pada materi Astronomi dapat digunakan dalam pembelajaran.Â AbstractWebsite development can be done using Google Sites which does not need a difficult programming language. The research aimed to produce a Google Site website-based learning media on Astronomy material and to describe student responses to using the resulting media. The research used the Multimedia Development Life Cycle research method with six stages, namely the conceptual, design, material collection, manufacturing, testing, and distribution stages. The research sample was 30 people using a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a media and response validation questionnaire. Questionnaire assessment used a Likert scale with five assessment scales and data analysis used score interpretation. The results showed that the media expert's validation value was in the quite valid category and the average response obtained was in the very good category. Based on the results of the research, it was concluded that learning media based on the Google Sites website on Astronomy material can be used in learning.
Analisis Kebutuhan Bahan Ajar Kimia Organik yang Berorientasi Higher Order Thinking Skills
Authors: Rahmawati Helda , Irawati Ratna Kartika
Published: June 2023

AbstrakTujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis kebutuhan bahan ajar Kimia Organik yang berorientasi higher order thinking skills. Penelitian yang dilakukan termasuk penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif dengan populasi penelitian sebanyak 19 orang mahasiswa Tadris Kimia UIN Antasari angkatan 2018. Teknik sampel yang digunakan adalah sampel jenuh. Alat pengumpulan data menggunakan angket dan dokumentasi. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: mahasiswa sulit memahami materi Kimia Organik dengan tepat; mahasiswa sulit menemukan sumber belajar yang berhubungan dengan Kimia Organik; bahan ajar yang digunakan saat pembelajaran Kimia Organik kurang menarik dan tidak kontekstual; bahan ajar Kimia Organik yang digunakan tidak mendukung mahasiswa untuk menemukan konsep sendiri; serta bahan ajar yang digunakan tidak membantu meningkatkan higher order thinking skills. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, disimpulkan bahwa semua responden menyatakan perlunya dikembangkan bahan ajar Kimia Organik yang membuat lebih aktif dan membantu meningkatkan keterampilan berpikir tingkat tinggi.Â AbstractThe research aimed to analyze the needs for Organic Chemistry teaching materials that are oriented to higher order thinking skills. The research method used descriptive quantitative research with a research population was 19 of Tadris Chemistry students at UIN Antasari class of 2018. The sampling technique used a saturated sample. Data collection tools used questionnaires and documentation. Data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed that: it was difficult for students to understand Organic Chemistry material correctly; it was difficult for students to find learning resources related to Organic Chemistry; teaching materials used when learning Organic Chemistry were less interesting and not contextual; Organic Chemistry teaching materials used do not support students to find their own concepts; and the teaching materials used do not help improve higher order thinking skills. Based on the research results, it was concluded that all respondents stated the need to develop Organic Chemistry teaching materials that make them more active and help improve higher order thinking skills.
E-Comic Pembelajaran Pengolahan Sampah Berorientasi STEM-MEA bagi Siswa Sekolah Menengah
Authors: Suryani Karmila , Rahmadani Ade Fitri , Khairudin Khairudin , Aziz Abdul , Mawaddah Diva
Published: June 2023

Abstrak Tujuan penelitian untuk menghasilkan sebuah media berupa e-comic pembelajaran pengolahan sampah berorientasi STEM (Science, Tehnology, Engineering, and Math)-MEA (Means-End Analysis). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah research and development dengan model 4D (Define, Design, Develop, dan Disseminate). Tahap define dilakukan analysis kebutuhan terhadap media; tahap design dengan cara membuat narasi secara manual, storyboard, dan pembuatan komik digital menggunakan program aplikasi; tahap develop dengan cara melakukan uji produk ke ahli media dan ahli materi serta mengujicobakan produk ke siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) Negeri 12 Padang; tahap disseminate dengan melakukan publikasi. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 42 siswa kelas VII. Â Instrumen penelitian menggunakan angket validitas dan praktikalitas. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif dengan persentase kevalidan dan kepraktisan. Hasil penelitian memenuhi kriteria sangat valid dan praktis sehingga e-comic layak digunakan untuk pembelajaran mengenai pengolahan sampah.Â AbstractThe research aimed to produce media in the form of e-comic learning about STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Math)-MEA (Means-End Analysis) oriented waste management. The research method used research and development with a 4D model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The define stage was carried out by analyzing the needs of the media; the design stage by manually creating narratives, storyboards, and making digital comics using an application program; the developing stage by conducting product tests to media experts and material experts as well as testing the product on State Junior High School (SMP) 12 Padang students; disseminate stage by publishing. The research sample was 42 students from class VII. The research instrument used a validity and practicality questionnaire. The data analysis technique used descriptive analysis with validity and practicality percentages. The results of the research meet the very valid and practical criteria so that e-comics are appropriate for use in learning about waste management.
Ali Ulvi Efendi Elif-Ba’sının Hat Sanatı Yönünden İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇETİNTAŞ Özgür
Published: June 2023

Arapçanın öğretilmesinde temel kaynak “elif-ba” adlı müfredattır. Bu dili öğretmek için hazırlanan elif-ba meşkleri harflerin ve hecelerin yazılışını gösterirken son olarak çeşitli dualarla tamamlanır. Yazı sanatında eğitim geleneksel olarak usta-çırak münasebeti ile süregelmiştir. Yüz yüze yapılan dersler kalem hareketleri, çizgi kalitesini görme ve detayları daha iyi anlayabilme bakımından oldukça önemlidir. Arapça gibi, İslam hat sanatını öğrenme safhalarını oluşturan talimlere de “meşk” adı verilir. Hat sanatında kullanılan meşk etme tabiri hattat tarafından talebeye yazı yazmayı öğretmek için kullanılır. Arap alfabesinin sanatlı bir şekilde yazılması İslam dünyasında oldukça önemlidir. Bu amaçla yüzyıllar boyunca yetişen hattatlar hep daha güzel yazabilmek için çalışmışlardır. Yazıyı güzel yazabilmek kadar okunabilirliğini de sağlamak bu sanatla iştigal edenlerin temel gayelerinden biridir.

Bu araştırma Ali Ulvi Efendi’ye ait nesih harfleri ve harf bağlantılarını gösteren elif-ba kitapçığını içermektedir. Bu eser, hat sanatında kullanılan meşk murakkaları gibi Rabbiyessir duası ile başlamaktadır. Ölçü noktalarının bulunmadığı eserin baştan ilk iki ve sondan dört sayfası tezhiplenmiştir. Deri ciltli eserde hattatın ketebesi ve hocasının adının geçmesi, hattat silsilesinin takibini sağlaması açısından önemlidir. XIX. yüzyılda vefat eden hattat Ali Ulvi Efendi’ye ait bu elif-ba, kendisinin zarif nesih hattını detaylı bir şekilde göstermektedir. Kolombiya Üniversitesi Kütüphanesinde bulunan bu nadide eser hem elif-ba hem de nesih yazı meşki niteliğindedir.
Urfa Dede Osman Avni Tekkesine Ait Tarikat Eşyaları
Authors: GÜLER Gül , GÜLER Mustafa
Published: June 2023

İnsanlar tarih boyunca inanç ve düşünce ile ilgili soyut kavramları, çoğu zaman semboller aracılığıyla anlatmışlardır. İslam tasavvuf kültüründe de semboller, derin anlamlar içereni anlatmak açısından büyük önem taşımıştır. Özellikle tarikat eşyaları, Anadolu tekke kültüründe, kullanım ve giyim eşyası olan ve her tarikata göre şekli ve rengi farklılık gösteren, tekkelerde tarikatların hem gündelik hayatta hem de zikir ve merasimlerinde kullandıkları birer sembolik eşya olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Cihaz-ı tarikat diye de adlandırılan bu eşyalar, tasavvuf erbabı tarafından manevi anlamlar yüklenerek, dervişlerin manevi olgunluğa ulaşmasında somut hale getirilmiş sembolik unsurlardır.

Osmanlı’nın son döneminde Urfa’da yaşamış önemli bir Kadiri şeyhi olan Dede Osman Avni Tekkesi ’ne ait 4 alem, 1 tâc, 1 külah, 3 şamdan-çerağ, 1 keşkül, 1 mütteka, 1 asa (şeşper), 2 zikir kemeri, 1 lamba, 1 tespih, 1 seccade, 3 levha, olmak üzere toplam 20 tarikat eşyası çalışmanın konusunu oluşturmaktadır. Bu çalışmada eşyaların malzemeleri, teknikleri, süslemeleri, üzerlerindeki yazıları ve tarihleri incelenip değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen tarikat eşyalarında, maden, ahşap, kumaş, yün, porselen, ve alçı malzemeler kullanılarak, döküm, dövme, oyma, kalıp yapım teknikleriyle eşyalara şekiller verilmiştir. Eşyalar üzerindeki süsleme ve yazılarda ise kazıma, kabartma, delik işi teknikleri kullanılmıştır. Süslemelerdeki kompozisyonlar bitkisel, geometrik, nesneli motiflerden oluşmaktadır, eşyalarda görülen yazıların büyük bir kısmı dini içeriklidir. Çalışmada Urfa’da Dede Osman Avni Tekkesine ait olan tarikat eşyalarının tasavvuf kültürü- geleneğindeki sembolik anlamları üzerinde durulmuş ve bu eşyalar sanat tarihi disiplini içerisinde incelenerek bu konu ile ilgili literatüre katkıda bulunulması amaçlanmıştır.
ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙНЕ НАВЧАННЯ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОМПЕТЕНТНОСТІ ПЕРСОНАЛУ: АСПЕКТ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ
Authors: ЗАТОНАЦЬКА Тетяна , ГЕРАСИМЕНКО Оксана
Published: June 2023

Квінтесенція статті – науково-прикладна платформа організаційного навчання у формуванні компетентності персоналу з моделями ефективності навчання персоналу.

Наголошується на комплексності проблеми дослідження, комбінаторику якої визначено компетентнісним підходом, навчанням персоналу організацій на системній основі, ефективністю процесів та технологій навчання персоналу з використанням різних моделей. Наведено складові бібліотеки компетентностей, яка стала теоретико-практичним доробком сучасних класиків компетентнісного підходу в управлінні персоналом. Розкрито логічний ланцюг формування політики у сфері навчання персоналу. Узагальнено традиційні методи організаційного навчання. Висвітлено можливості використання інноваційних методів навчання персоналу. Охарактеризовано комбінаторику чотирьохрівневої моделі оцінювання ефективності навчання за авторством Кіркпатріка. Розкрито сильні сторони та виокремлено обмеження моделі Кіркпатріка. Наведено перелік інших моделей оцінювання ефективності навчання, серед яких – цільовий підхід Тайлера, модель Скрівенса, прикладна теорія Поля Кірнса, модель Брюса Аарона, біпараметрична оцінка М. Гі та інші. Наведено структуру п’ятирівневої моделі CLICS як альтернативи моделі Кіркпатріка в епоху діджиталізації.
Antibacterial Effect of Mint Leaf and Basil Leaf Extract addition to Pineapple Hump Extracts Against Streptococcus Mutans Bacteria
Authors: Nur Handayatun Naning , Rudi David , Haflin Haflin , Ayun Qurati
Published: June 2023

The use of herbal ingredients for dentistry is preferable to the use of chemicals. Pineapple is one of the fruits that can be used in dentistry. Pineapple hump is often not consumed even though it still contains many bromelains. This study aimed to see the antibacterial effect of adding mint and basil leaf extract into pineapple hump extract. This type of research is a pure experimental study with a control group design and partly water. This study's experimental group or independent variables were pineapple hump extract, mint leaf extract, and basil leaf extract. The control group was Chlorhexidine and water. The variable is Streptococcus mutans. The extract was made by maceration technique, and the examination of the inhibition of bacteria was carried out using an oxoid blank disc. There was a difference in inhibition against Streptococcus mutans between the experimental and control groups p0.05, but there was no difference between the pineapple hump extract with the addition of min leaf extract and the pineapple weevil extract with the addition of basil leaves. Adding mint and basil leaf extract to pineapple hump extract can increase its antibacterial power against Streptococcus mutans.
Utilization of Native Chicken Egg Shells as Abrasive Ingredients in Toothpaste
Authors: S A Asmawati , Adnan Jumasni , Wajarwanto Hery
Published: June 2023

Native chicken eggs  are one of the eggs that are often consumed by the community. Grafting native chicken eggs  has a lot of mineral content that is good for dental health, namely calcium.  In toothpaste calcium has properties as an abrasive which can reduce plaque formation on teeth. The purpose of this study was to determine the abrasive effect of toothpaste preparations from native chicken egg shells and to determine the stability of toothpaste preparations with active ingredients from native chicken egg shells. The research method carried out is laboratory experimental on the formulation of toothpaste preparations from native chicken egg shells. Toothpaste preparations are made with a variant of the concentration of native chicken egg shell waste powder of 30%, 35%, 40% then an evaluation of the quality of the preparation before and after storage is carried out to determine the stability of a preparation.  Based on the results of this study obtained, toothpaste preparations with a concentration of egg shell powder of 35% are effective in reducing plaque on artificial teeth. Based on the evaluation requirements of SNI No. 12-3524-1995 including organoleptic tests, pH, dispersality, foam formation and homogeneity obtained all formulas are qualified.
The Impact of Covid-19 on The Incidence of Periodontitis Cases and its Therapeutic Management During The Pandemic
Authors: Idaryati Ni Putu
Published: June 2023

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2. Periodontitis is an infection of the periodontal tissue that causes inflammation with the potential for the spread of intravascular microorganisms throughout the body. According to Riskesdas, periodontitis cases in Indonesia reached 74.1%. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of COVID-19 on the incidence of periodontitis cases and their therapeutic management during the pandemic. Methods: Descriptive qualitative research using primary and secondary data in three primary health care on Kediri Tabanan. Results: The incidence of Periodontitis is in the first rank with the most cases in two Puskesmas. Oral drug therapy and extraction are the treatment options used in the treatment of periodontitis cases during the pandemic. Discussion: The high incidence of periodontitis during the COVID-19 pandemic is caused by patients who are afraid to visit the dentist. Patients coming to the dentist when the condition of the teeth is damaged and experiencing mobility. In addition, the dental polyclinic only serves patients with medical emergencies. Tools in the dental polyclinic are damaged due to never being used during the pandemic. Transmission process that occurs through aerosols produced in the practice of dental services makes the therapy be limited. Drug administration and extraction are options in the management of periodontitis cases. Conclusion: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in a high number of periodontitis cases. Oral medication administration and extraction an option for periodontitis therapy in the dental polyclinic of primary health care.
The Relationship Between Formula Feeding Patterns and Early Childhood Caries In Preschool Children In Ketileng Village, Todanan Blora
Authors: Zaini Wahyu Nur , Machmudah Machmudah , Aprillia Zita
Published: June 2023

Caries that affects children under 72 months of age is called Early Childhood Caries (ECC). The high caries prevalence rate which reaches 81.5% in children aged 3-4 years is still a problem for Indonesia. One of the reasons for the high incidence of caries in preschoolers is the inappropriate pattern of breastfeeding or formula feeding. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between patterns of formula feeding and ECC in preschool children in Ketileng Village, Todanan, Blora. This study used an analytic observational research design with a cross sectional approach. The research sample was 69 respondents using a purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained from the results of dental examinations using the PUFA index and a questionnaire filled out by parents/guardians of students. Data analysis used the chi square statistical test. The results of the study showed duration, duration, frequency of consumption of formula milk, use of bottles/pacifiers, addition of sweeteners to consumption of formula milk and history of breastfeeding up to 2 years of age, each of which showed a value of p 0.05, which means there is a relationship with ECC. The conclusion of this study is that there is a relationship between the pattern of formula feeding and the presence of ECC in preschool children in Ketileng Village, Todanan, Blora.
Pendidikan Kesehatan Gigi Terhadap Motivasi Memeriksakan Gigi Anak Remaja
Authors: Prasko Prasko
Published: June 2023

Motivasi menjadi suatu hal yang kompleks namun penting untuk membawa perubahan perilaku yang meningkatkan derajat kesehatan. Peningkatan motivasi atau dorongan kepada seseorang sangat penting untuk meningkatkan keinginan sesorang dalam menyelesaikan masalah kesehatan yang dihadapinya. Performa pada setiap individu didasarkan pada sejauh mana mereka termotivasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui adakah pengaruh pendidikan kesehatan gigi intensif terhadap motivasi memeriksakan gigi pada anak remaja.Metode yang dipergunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah literatur review yaitu penelitian dilakukan dengan menelaah sumber data yang  berupa buku, artikel dalam database jurnal penelitian baik dari dalam maupun luar negeri melalui pencarian e-journal, regulasi-regulasi pemerintah, dan sumber artikel internet yang bisa dipertanggung jawabkan..Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan dan motivasi responden sebelum dan sesudah diberikan  pendidikan kesehatan gigi menunjukan bahwa terjadinya perubahan yang tandai dengan peningkatan nilai  rata - rata tingkat pengetahuan  dan motivasi responden setelah diberikan pendidikan kesehatan gigi.
International Non-Governmental Organizations (INGOs) in Humanitarian Field: why and how to engage with Planetary Health?
Authors: Ziveri Davide , Asaduzzaman Muhammad
Published: June 2023

Planetary Health is an emerging field reshaping Global Health understanding of health concerns and interventions living into the Anthropocene. Many challenges faced by humanitarian actors are exacerbated by the climate crisis that could be considered itself another humanitarian crisis. However, often the humanitarian response focuses mainly on disaster risk reduction and on efforts to decarbonize operations. Arguing that Planetary Health offer the missing piece to assess and respond to the complexity of the climate crisis, authors identify the added-value of this approach for humanitarian programs. They pinpoint the main barriers among humanitarian actors in adopting or exploring further the Planetary Health approach. Finally, they share few suggestions toward integrated Planetary Health programs in Low and Middle Income Countries (LMICs). Ultimately, this personal viewpoint calls for an inclusive debate to bring Planetary Health insights, critics, and innovations into Non-Governmental Organization (NGOs) hard daily-work in order to strengthen co-benefits for health and environment.
Towards a Comprehensive Theory of Aligned Emergence in AI Systems: Navigating Complexity towards Coherence
Authors: Freund Lucas
Published: June 2023

Emergent behavior and alignment in AI systems have become critical areas of research as we strive to understand and harness the capabilities of artificial intelligence. This paper explores the complex dynamics of emergent behavior and alignment within AI systems and presents a comprehensive framework for conceptualizing and modeling these phenomena. The framework incorporates the multilevel and time-dependent nature of emergent behavior and alignment, considering the interplay between system states, inputs, function rules, learning algorithms, environments, and historical data. By incorporating alignment as a dynamic and continuous process, we shift the focus from static, axiomatic alignment to ongoing adaptation and control. The proposed framework sheds light on the challenges and opportunities associated with achieving and maintaining alignment in AI systems. We discuss insights derived from the framework, highlighting the necessity for robust and adaptable alignment mechanisms that can respond to the evolving behaviors and changing conditions of AI systems. We also emphasize the importance of careful system initialization and the role of initial conditions in shaping the trajectory of AI systems. Furthermore, we outline the potential for feedback loops and the need for empirical validation to better understand and harness the interactions between emergent behavior, alignment, and system parameters. The paper concludes with an outlook on future research directions, emphasizing the need for theoretical advancements, computational methods, and empirical studies to advance our understanding and practical implementation of alignment in AI systems.
Is gastrulation the most important time in your life?
Authors: Linde Marta
Published: June 2023

Gastrulation is considered a fundamental process of metazoan embryogenesis, as the layers that give place to all body parts are laid down by extensive cell movements and cell differentiation. It is commonly thought that gastrulation establishes the entire body axis. The discovery of neuromesodermal progenitors is challenging this view. These cells keep their pluripotency after gastrulation and they are able to differentiate into ectoderm (neural tube) and mesoderm derivatives (paraxial mesoderm, notochord) directly, without passing through a germ layer intermediate. They contribute to the elongation of the body axis and could play a key role in the evolution of the chordate body plan.
WITHDRAWN
Authors: Doe Jane
Published: June 2023

The document associated with this DOI has been withdrawn.
Synthesis and spectral properties of new xanthene-like fluorophore and light-filter
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Farat O.K. , Varenichenko S.A. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Markov V.I. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: June 2023

By the reaction of N'-(4-formyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]xanthen-12-yl)-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide and N'-(6-formyl-7,8,9,10- tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]chromen-11-yl)-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide with malononitrile and cyanoacetic acid ethyl ester, the following two new dyes were synthesized by basic catalysis: N'-[4-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]xanthen-12-yl]-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide and ethyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(11-{[(1E)-(dimethylamino)methylene]amino}-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]chromen-6-yl)acrylate. Both dyes in solution have a purple color with high extinction coefficients, but due to the different size of the partially saturated cycle, the first one displays fluorescence, and the second one does not. The fluorescence quantum yields for N'-(4-formyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]xanthen-12-yl)-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide decrease with decreasing solvent polarity. For example, the highest emission quantum yield is observed in methanol (2.76%), while the smallest is observed in tetrahydrofuran (1.04%). It is due to the fact that methanol implies a lesser energy consumption during the redistribution of electron density in the excited state. N'-[4-(2,2-dicyanovinyl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-benzo[b]xanthen-12-yl]-N,N-dimethylimidoformamide dye can be used as a fluorophore, whereas ethyl (2E)-2-cyano-3-(11-{[(1E)-(dimethylamino)methylene]amino}-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrocyclohepta[b]chromen-6-yl)acrylate dye can be used as a light filter to create a variety of materials and devices. In addition, the synthesized compounds can be used as building-blocks in organic chemistry.
The system Hf–Re–Si at 10000C
Authors:   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Zinko L. , Nychyporuk G. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, Gladyshevskii R. ,   Ivan Franko National University of Lviv
Published: June 2023

The interaction of the components in the ternary system Hf–Re–Si was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The isothermal section of the phase diagram at 10000C was constructed in the full concentration range. The limits of solubility of Si in the binary compounds Hf5Re24 and HfRe2 were found to be 11 and 16 at.%, respectively. The existence of three ternary compounds was confirmed and their crystal structures were refined: HfReSi2 (ZrCrSi2-type structure, space group Pbam, a=9.1271(3) Å, b=10.0356(4) Å, c=8.0708(3) Å), HfReSi (ZrNiAl-type structure, space group P-62m, a=6.9240(2) Å, c=3.3890(1) Å) and k-phase Hf9+xRe4–xSi (Hf9Mo4B-type structure, space group P63/mmc, a=8.5835(12) Å, c=8.7135(13) Å). The character of the interaction between the components in the Hf–Re–Si system and related ternary systems is briefly discussed.
Template synthesis for the creation of photo- and electrocatalysts
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Knysh V. , Shmychkova O. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Luk'yanenko T. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Velichenko A. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: June 2023

This work reports the optimal conditions for the synthesis of a matrix for the creation of photo- and electrocatalysts. Specifically, it is shown that TiO2 nanotube arrays has a high specific surface area and improved catalytic properties, but has low conductivity and weak structural strength, that requires further optimization. The original TiO2 nanotubes were prepared by anodizing of Ti foil in ethylene glycol with 0.3 wt.% ammonium fluoride and 2 vol.% water at a constant potential, followed by another anodizing in ethylene glycol with 5 wt.%H3PO4. The reduction was conducted in 1 M HClO4. Some samples were thermally treated in the air using tube furnace. The study demonstrates how the synthesis conditions of the coating affect the morphology and stoichiometry of the resulting oxide coating. For the obtained materials, the Tafel slope in the oxygen evolution reaction is determined by the semiconductor characteristics of the coating, which, in turn, depend on the stoichiometry of the synthesized oxide. The higher the stoichiometry in the oxygen sublattice, the fewer the charge carriers and the greater the contribution of the semiconductor component to the Tafel slope. As for hydrogen evolution, the layers obtained after heat treatment show a lower Tafel slope (175 mV dec–1).
New nitrification inhibitors based on copper(II) complex compounds
Authors:   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Malook M.V. , Matrosov O.S. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology, Kramarev S.M. ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Shtemenko O.V. ,   Ukrainian State University of Chemical Technology
Published: June 2023

The work presents the results of research aimed at the synthesis of new nitrification inhibitors based on complex compounds of Cu2+ with 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATC) and dicyandiamide (DCD). The purpose of the conducted work is the synthesis of new nitrification inhibitors based on complex copper compounds followed with subsequent studies of their structure, properties and biological activity. Four compounds of different compositions were obtained. A number of physical and chemical properties of substances were established: thermal behavior, and solubility in the KAS-28 system (a saturated solution of urea and ammonium nitrate with a nitrogen content of 28%)–water. With the help of infrared spectroscopy, the presence of functional groups and bonds inherent in ligands was proven in the synthesized compounds. Possible ways of coordination of 4-amino-1,2,4-triazole (monodentately through the atom N1 or N2) and dicyandiamide (through the group C=NH or CN with equal probability) were proposed. The content of Cu2+ ions in the synthesized compounds was determined by iodometry. The biological activity of the synthesized substances in relation to soil bacteria was investigated by the potentiometric method. The dynamics of changes in NH4+ and NO3– ions in research samples containing the obtained substances and commonly used nitrification inhibitors (ATC and DCD) was established. All results were equated relative to the control. It was established that the substance with the probable empirical formula [Cu(ATC)2(DCD)1(H2O)1]SO4 had the highest biological activity.
Analisis Kinerja Ruas Jalan Timor Raya Akibat Aktivitas Pasar Oesao Kabupaten Kupang (Di Masa Pandemi)
Authors: Daud Deasi Delfiani Anastasia Arisandi , Tuati Anie A. , Hayer Yacob V.
Published: June 2023

Abstrak

Kapasitas dan kinerja jalan akan berkurang karena adanya aktivitas pasar pada samping jalan. Saat masa Pandemi Covid-19 jumlah volume kendaraan yang melintas mengalami penurunan sementara yang disebabkan oleh adanya peraturan pemerintah tentang Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar. Namun berdasarkan pengamatan dilapangan, peneliti mengemukakan bahwa kondisi ruas jalan Timor Raya sudah kembali ramai karena pemerintah sudah berlakukan era new normal, dan aktivitas lain seperti pertokoan dan kantor pada area pasar sudah kembali beroperasi sehingga lebar jalan yang tersita oleh aktivitas pasar tentu mengurangi kemampuan jalan tersebut atau terjadi penurunan kapasitas ruas jalan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Pedoman Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia 1997. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan Berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pembahasan dapat disimpulkan bahwa Pengaruh aktivitas pasar pada ruas jalan Timor raya Oesao Pada masa Pandemi Covid 19 menimbulkan adanya hambatan samping sehingga kapasitas ruas jalan menjadi berkurang yaitu kapasitas jalan mempunyai nilai sebesar 2090,02 smp/jam dan Setelah melakukan analisa data akhir dimana diasumsikan penghilangan hambatan samping terbesar berupa kendaraan parkir diperoleh nilai kapasitas sebesar 2859,0288 smp/jam.

Kata kunci: Jalan Timor Raya, Kinerja Jalan, Covid 19, MKJI 1997.
Parameter Destruktif Gerakan Tanah Gempa Kuat
Authors: Maggang Niakku Imanuel , Lay Yermias Elvis , Suwito Abdul Syukur Hadi
Published: June 2023

Gerakan tanah gempa sangat penting dalam analisa dinamik pada struktur bangunan. Mengetahui parameter destruktif gerakan tanah gempa akan berguna dalam pemilihan gerakan tanah selain syarat yang telah ditetapkan SNI. Pada makalah ini dilakukan penelitian untuk menemukan parameter destruktif dari gerakan tanah gempa kuat. Gerakan tanah gempa kuat yang dipilih dibatasi pada akselerogram yang memiliki nilai PGA ≥ 700 cm/dtk2. Parameter yang diteliti meliputi tujuh parameter yang telah disimpulkani peneliti sebelumnya sebagai parameter destruktif pada gempa kecil sampai besar. Parameter-parameter tersebut adalah PGA, PGV, ASI VSI, HI, D05-95, Sa(T) yang diperoleh dari enam gempa kuat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat dua kelompok parameter destruktif yang saling berkorelasi kuat yaitu kelompok PGA, PGV, ASI, D05-95 dan kelompok Sa(T), VSI, HI, D05-95.
A Strategy of One-On-One Evangelism in the Nyamira Conference
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Ongaga William
Published: June 2023

Problem Public evangelism has been a successful way of bringing converts to the church, and by using public address systems the church has been able to reach those who are afraid or too skeptical to come and sit in the meetings. Some have actually made a decision and have been baptized as a result of listening from a distance. But with time the public address systems have been misused with people complaining of noise pollution. This concern has forced the government to pass a bill in parliament banning loud noises in public places. This change calls into question the public evangelism mode of recruiting members. There is a need to come up with a new way of doing evangelism that will not conflict with the law against noise pollution. Method The development of a new way of doing evangelism in the Nyamira Conference was explored through the introduction of one-on-one evangelism in the Nyambaria pastoral district. Results The intervention resulted in 188 church members being trained as Bible instructors who are actively involved in giving Bible studies to friends and neighbors. This method replaced public evangelism in the district as the primary way to recruit new converts. After two years that the Bible instructors conducted Bible studies on a one-onone basis 410 people have been baptized and only 8 have backslidden. Conclusions One-on-one evangelism is a strategy that can be used to bring many to faith in Jesus Christ. It is effective in that not only does it recruit new members, but nurturing and retention is also positively affected by this approach. The method is less expensive and it is conducted throughout the year without having to worry about the need for good orators for public evangelism. Many more members are now involved in the recruitment process.
Health and Social Ministries: A Holistic Approach to Ministering in Contemporary Society
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Oyinloye Ezekiel
Published: June 2023

Problem It has been observed for thirty years that Adventists conventional way of doing outreach ministries especially in the cities, fail to have expected response that fulfills goals. Attitudes of people are apathetic and reserved they stand aloof and are removed from sharing in what has been offered. They cannot be bothered. The inner city of Ibadan especially displays this type of attitude. Thus, inner city Ibadan has remained unentered by the Adventists since the inception of the Church in Ibadan a century ago. There is no single church of the Seventh-day Adventists in inner city Ibadan. Method A strategy of a social approach was created, to find, and plan to meet some of the felt needs of the people of Oke-Offa Atipe area of inner city Ibadan, and thereby create friendships with them that will henceforth change their views about Seventh-day Adventist programs. This strategy was formulated on a Logframe and timed for implementation on a Gantt chart. It was designed to use social programs like Health and Family Life education as activities to achieve our goal. Though, it was only Health education programs that got implemented. Results The program was implemented between December 8 and 14, 2013 at Oke-Offa Atipe area of inner city Ibadan. The sessions were involving and educative for the participants. Their interest indicated in the questions they asked, and in their reluctance to close our discussions each evening. Besides the health education part of the program, participants were tested for vital signs, and consulted. At the end, it was indicative that an environment of understanding had been created. This only needs to be built on through further beneficial programs. Conclusions Social activities have been successfully used to initiate a friendship with the people of Oke-Offa Atipe area of inner city Ibadan. This achievement of winning access to their ears will accomplish more for the church if the people are persuaded by the benefits of the program.
A Strategy to Integrate New Members into the Life of the Local Church in Nyamira Conference
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Makori Samuel
Published: June 2023

Problem Although there are good efforts in the local churches in the Nyamira Conference to baptize new believers, about 50% of them stop attending church soon after baptism. Method A seven-step mission strategy called the Spiritual Guardianship Plan (SGP) was launched in two local churches in the Nyamira Conference. This is a plan to involve local church members to care for fellow members, to help integrate new members into the life of the local church, and to nurture new members into spiritual maturity. Mature members of the church are assigned to new members to help them to be integrated into the faith community and be nurtured into spiritual maturity. Results The project was implemented in two local churches for a period of six months. The project implementation changed five things in the life and mission of the two churches. First, a number of former Adventists rejoined the church. Second, the SGP provided opportunities for the members in both churches to participate in the life and mission of their churches. Third, attendance at church services and meetings in the two churches was improved. Fourth, the members of the two churches showed a willingness to be involved in evangelism and the spiritual nurture of the new members. Finally and most important of all, the Nyakoe Church was able to retain all 17 members they baptized in March for three months for the first time in their history. Before this plan was introduced in their church, many would stop attending church soon after baptism. Conclusions The SGP proved a success judging from the success realized in the two churches within a short time. This is because the task of integrating members into the life of the local church was left to church members. The SGP should be replicated in every local church in the Nyamira Conference. When all the churches implement the plan fully, the Nyamira Conference should become a model conference from which all other conferences in the East Kenya Union should learn.
A Strategy to Increase the Number of Young People in the Jericho District Marrying Members of the Adventist Faith
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Marundu Alfred
Published: June 2023

Problem The negative impact and loss of members due to many Adventist young people marrying non-Seventh-day Adventists is tremendous. Church services are not attended regularly by those who marry outside the faith community because families are split on the day of worship due to doctrinal differences. There is pressure to do things with the family on Sabbath and even children are confused as to which parent to follow. Two churches were selected to study the extent of this problem. Principles from the Bible, the writings of Ellen G. White, other Adventist and non-Adventist authors were explored to come up with a strategy to correct the situation. Method A critical analysis of Bible texts and principles from the writings of Ellen G. White on marriage were conducted. The researcher also reviewed Adventist and other Christian literature on marriage and then considered the political, social, cultural, and religious context of Kenya and the Jericho Church District. A Gantt chart and a logical framework approach were used to organize the project and describe the linkage of activities in the development and implementation of the project. Implementation involved filling out questionnaires, conducting seminars, sermons, Bible studies, monitoring, and evaluations. A final report on the project, conclusion, and recommendations were drafted. Results The Jericho Church District experienced a tremendous increase in attendance and participation in church services from 60% to 85% in the Buruburu Central church and from 30% to 70% in the Jericho church. Same faith weddings increased in Buruburu Central and Jericho churches from 0 and 2 in 2009 to 3 and 7 in 2013 respectively. Selected church members have been equipped with biblical principles and guidelines on same-faith marriages and are passionate to replicate the program. Conclusion The project demonstrated that when biblical principles concerning marriage within one's faith community are emphasized and shared with young Seventh-day Adventists that the incidences of marriage outside the faith community are reduced. The project also demonstrated that by training the members in this area that they are much more willing to talk about this topic than they used to be.