bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die hospitaal as ’n burokrasie
Authors: Du Toit D.A.
Published: November 2012

The bureaucratic structure of the hospital is a factor the exerts great influence on the daily activities of various categories of workers in the hospital. How aware are these workers of bureaucratic influence and to what extent does bureaucratic influence strain the activities of hospital workers? The historical development of hospital bureaucratisation is reviewed in this article, and then several dimensions of the hospital as a bureaucracy are taken into account, for instance hospital goals, rationality and the division of labour in the hospital. authority in the hospital, the bureaucratic structure of the hospital, communication in the hospital, the human being in the hospital, as well as the development of the informal organisation out of the bureaucratic structure of the hospital. These various aspects of the bureaucratic structure of the hospital can have a negative influence on human beings in the hospital, including patients and personnel. Various negative influences as a direct result of the bureaucratic structure of the hospital are discussed. There is nothing we can do about the bureaucratic system. It has come to stay and, to a certain extent, promotes efficiency. There is, however, a lot that can be done to alleviate strains brought about by bureaucracy.
Information is power
Authors: Hardcatle P.
Published: November 2012

Reflections on the conference and workshop The impact of computers on nursing. Held at Church House, Westminster and at the National Health Service Training Centre, Harrogate, Yorkshire - September 8 - 15 1982
’n Toekoms vir die chronies geestesversteurde
Authors: Coetsee M.
Published: November 2012

The Lodge programme was started at the Austin State Hospital a few years ago to train chronically mentally ill patients, who would otherwise have spent the rest of their lives in hospital, to become independent members of the community. It is an intensive training program for which patients are carefully selected. Significant aspects are that the patients function as members of a problem-solving group and are taught cleaning skills with which they earn an income. There are five levels of progress in the first phase, on completion of which the group graduates from the programme. In the second phase the group moves into a house in the community and continues with cleaning contracts for at least a year before individual members may withdraw.
Lets help the breastfeeding revival
Authors: Currie B.L.
Published: November 2012

The author says: This article would not have been written had I initially been successful with breastfeeding. Being a Midwife I thought I knew how to breastfeed. I had sore nipples for a month and could not solve the problem. I gave my baby supplementary feeds and lost my milk at 4 months. I relactated with the help of a breastfeeding organisation. Thereafter breastfeeding was a joy and a very rewarding experience for me. This motivated me to find out from all sources everything I could about breastfeeding. This is the result of my research, I want to share my knowledge with my nursing colleagues.
Temporary pacing
Authors: Workman L.J.
Published: November 2012

Artificial cardiac pacing, the use of electrical stimuli to cause contraction of heart muscle, is a sophisticated therapeutic and diagnostic tool. Its rapid technologic improvement since first developed in the late 1930’s by Hyman, has made it possible not only to avoid certain cases of death due to heart block, but also to extend and improve the quality of life. Pacemaker therapy is generally used to treat heart rate or rhythm disturbances, being either tachy- or bradyarrhythmias that produce a detrimental drop in cardiac output. Of the many different types of pacemakers and electrodes currently available, ventricular demand pacing is the most commonly used.
Stoma care is our affair for the senior citizens everywhere
Authors: Coyle M. , Dixon M.
Published: November 2012

The first reported colostomy was in 1776 and it was a caecostomy, or opening into the caecum. This was the first attempt to surgically help the problem of an imperforate anus. The first stomatherapist was a patient in the Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, U.S.A. Now there are 22 countries in the world with qualified stomatherapists. Stomatherapy was founded in South Africa in 1958 and in England in 1967.
Die beeld van verpleging - publieke, professionele en persoonlike implikasies
Authors: De Villiers F.
Published: November 2012

Two aspects are involved in the image of the nursing profession - the public image and the self-image. The public image has been improving but is negatively influenced by the image presented in the media which does not usually reflect professionalism. The self-image held by the profession is even more important than the public image as this determines the profession’s influence in health services. The profession’s group image is determined by the self-image of individuals in the group. The self-image is influenced by external factors, such as support and encouragement by other nurses, and by internal factors such as the nurse regarding her work as a calling.
Preparation of children for hospitalisation at the Johannesburg Hospital
Authors: Lerwill C.J.
Published: November 2012

When a child enters hospital, he enters an alien environment. He is leaving the security o f home and family and entering a world that is not only foreign, but intrusive (Klein and Satterthwaite, 1980; p.60). Research has shown that one quarter of our population consists of children, and that almost half of them will spend at least one night in hospital before reaching the age of seven.
Achieving professionalism
Authors: Thompson R.A.E.
Published: November 2012

In approaching the subject of professionalism the author has chosen to focus on the practical aspects rather than the philosophical issues. In so doing an attempt is made to identify criteria which demonstrate the achievement of the essence of professionalism.
The occupational health nurse in Natal
Authors: Hunt B.N. , Grainger L.
Published: November 2012

The Commission of Enquiry on Occupational Health, appointed in 1975, published its findings in 1976. The general impression gained by members of the Commission, after a series of visits and interviews pertinent to the field, is summed up thus in the fourth chapter of the Report: Although industrialists in the Republic and the Territory of South-West Africa are aware of the workers' position, it has regrettably to be stated categorically that, except in the mining industry, industrial health not only occupies a secondary position in industry in this country, but that industrialists have put very little time, money and organisation into the prevention of occupational diseases (Erasmus 1976).
Die onderrig van verpleegbestuur
Authors: Beekman A.W. , Visser S.
Published: November 2012

Nursing management today is a very complex function and there appear to be shortcomings in the teaching of the subject to student nurses. The authors suggest that teachers should use the problem solving process, which stimulates critical thinking and the application of principles by students. They also suggest simulation strategies such as role play, the in-basket technique, critical incidents and games to teach management skills.
Psigo-geriatriese groepsverpleging
Authors: Bakkes M.M.
Published: November 2012

Group nursing in a psycho-geriatric unit is described. All patients in the ward are divided into groups according to their psychological and physical status and abilities. A group activity program in which all patients in the group are required to participate is planned in advance. Activities including hygiene, industrial therapy, exercise, and ward duties are planned in accordance with the abilities of the patients. Patients are evaluated daily to determine their progress. The meaningful results obtained within the First six months show that group nursing is effective although a number of problems were experienced.
Development of community health services for the arab village population in Israel
Authors: Stockler R.A.
Published: November 2012

With the proclamation of the State of Israel in 1948 the war began between Israel and her neighbours and the health services for the entire population were at a minimum. Among the Arab population where such services did exist, the personnel - doctors, nurses, teachers - fled; those in Jerusalem went to Jordan and in the North, Haifa was the point of departure for Lebanon and other countries (Mizrahi 1981, Ron 1981).
Man in space: A new dimension in Health Care
Authors: Medlen L.
Published: November 2012

Unprecedented advances in technology and science in the 20th Century have enabled man to take himself and his inventions on voyages of space exploration. It has been man's dream for centuries, not only to fly, but also to explore the vast outer reaches of space. Modern space exploration, the new frontier, is a triumph for the new sciences of space biology and space medicine.
The influence of world trends upon health
Authors: Skeet M.
Published: November 2012

Before discussing the influence of world trends upon health, consideration must be given to Health for All by the year 2000 - the challenge for the nurse.
Die sterwende kindjie
Authors: De Jongh van Arkel J.T.
Published: November 2012

The thought of a child dying appears as an antithesis and thus the feelings evoked by the dying child are stronger than when older persons are dying. Around the child’s death bed there is no place for detached spectators and all become involved in caring for and supporting him. Caregivers also have a supporting responsibility towards the members of the child’s family.
Ontplooiingsmoontlikhede van die kind ten opsigte van ouer-kind-verbondenheid
Authors: Williams E.
Published: November 2012

By encouraging positive parent-child bonding the nurse makes an important contribution to the optimal development of the child. The nurse must provide support in pregnancy, labour and the management of the newborn.
Die medikausering van die samelewing
Authors: Pretorius E.
Published: November 2012

Until a decade or two ago there existed a widely held belief that mankind had slowly but surely been rid of its diseases by medical science. According to this view advances in medicine coincided with the transformation in human health. After an initial period of wonder about the marvels of medical science, certain doubts came into being: the honeymoon period with the marvels of medical technology showed signs of disillusionment. Criticism was voiced which ranged from mere statements that the successes of medical technology were less spectacular than was widely held, to very sharp criticism of the institution of medicine. Criticism came not only from outside the medical profession - social scientists, jurists, politicians, social critics, etc. - but also from inside - from medical scientists and doctors - who denounced both the autonomy and authority of the medical professional, and what was termed the medicalisation of society. The most pugnacious of these critics, Ivan Illich, said of the medical establishment that it had become a major threat to health.
Investigation by HSRC
Authors: Cilliers G.
Published: November 2012

At the request of the former Department of Health, a survey was made of the manpower in health and welfare services in the RSA in 1981. The aim of this investigation was to obtain a picture of the institutions rendering health and welfare services, the facilities available and the manpower involved in these services. During the past two decades much attention has been devoted to the availability of educated manpower in all fields of the labour market. The general shortage of highly skilled manpower is also experienced in the health fields and necessitates better utilisation of the available manpower.
Communicating with our Child Patient or Why is Johnny crying?
Authors: Tiltman E.
Published: November 2012

Children in hospital cry. The reason for Johnny’s tears is for us to interpret. Is it pain, fear, frustration, guilt, loneliness of selfconsciousness?
Die pasiëntvorderingsverslag as kommunikasiemiddel
Authors: Pretorius E.
Published: November 2012

The patient’s progress report should be the most important medium of communication in nursing practise. As a result of various factors, however, this report is today often incomplete and not serving its purpose of providing total insight into the progress and treatment of the individual patient. Possible solutions to the problems encountered are patient-centred nursing care plans and problem oriented progress reports. These are however not always practical, given the realities and needs in most nursing units in South African hospitals. The author suggests an alternative system, using elements from both the above, which can be used to eliminate the problems and to change the kardex system into the effective group communication tool which it should be. The system includes the use of a Special Nursing Care Prescriptions Card which is placed with the usual progress report, clearer reporting on the patient’s condition by eliminating unqualified phrases such as “ condition satisfactory” and a special admission form which is also placed in the kardex.
Nurse-doctor communication: A study on interprofessional communication
Authors: James J.L.
Published: November 2012

The health team is an ingenious concept, often defined as a group of people coming together and pooling their resources for the benefit of the patient. One immediately gets the impression of an interacting network of hospital staff, each sharing the belief that no one person can provide totally for any patient’s complex physical and mental needs.
Professionele vorming van die studentverpleegkundige
Authors: Kotzé W.J.
Published: November 2012

The student nurse must be shaped into a true professional practitioner. This is a continuous process which has its roots in the person’s experiences which led her to join the nursing profession. Professionalization of the student nurse includes three essential elements. The first important aspect is that she must attain professional nursing expertise as this is a prerequisite of professional status. This includes a strong knowledge base and vocational proficiency. Secondly, she must develop into a good leader. Leadership can be nurtured by requiring independent work through group discussions and by allowing students to manage and control their own affairs in the nurses’ residence. Finally the professional nurse should have a well-rounded personality characterised by integration, an own identity and self-discipline. Here nursing role models are very important and the student should be provided with opportunities to share her opinions and to use her own initiative.
Primary health care the role of the nurse
Authors: Mellish M.
Published: November 2012

Primary Health Care, as the words imply, is the initial, or first level of health care given to individuals needing or seeking that care. The whole population needs primary health care, for it is basic to attaining, retaining or regaining health, or making the best use of what health is left.
Smoking habits of nurses
Authors: Jacka E. , Disler P.B. , Sayed A.R. , Watermeyer G.S. , Ross W.F.
Published: November 2012

There is little debate as to the harmful effects of cigarette smoking on health. Most health workers advise their patients to cease the practice. The impact of the advice is however diluted if it is seen to be ignored by the professionals themselves. As nurses play an increasing role in all levels of health care a survey was undertaken to investigate the smoking habits of two groups of nurses - those operating within the community and those working in institutions.
Trends in nursing in South Africa and their implications for nursing education
Authors: Loudon H.
Published: November 2012

In South Africa there is a unique and difficult problem in that sparsely populated, outlying areas constitute a major load for health services. Varied cultures and degrees of tribalism and seemingly inaccessible terrain often deter or prohibit the extension of health services. Thus, with an ever increasing population (Black populations in dire need of preventive health education) and the influence of urbanisation and industrialisation, preventive and promotive services have seriously lapsed behind the more dramatic field of curative medicine, and may be considered a major reason for the unabating social breakdown in our community.
Implikasies van die Grondwet vir Gesondheidsdienste
Authors: Roux J.P.
Published: November 2012

The new Constitution of the RSA presents new challenges in the field of health services. For the first time the various population groups will participate in decisions about delivery of health care to their own communities. The diseases which affect the population of South Africa, however, do not have any ethnical or geographical boundaries. This necessitates effective co-ordination, despite the various authorities and services. Administrative implications include greater privatisation of functions currently performed by the authorities, devolution of power to local authorities and co-ordination regarding health personnel administration. For the allocation of finances for health services the author suggests a number of principles for the delivery of health services as well as priorities for long term spending. Management ability of health personnel at all levels in order to meet the challenges of the new Constitution is also stressed.
Views of Zulus and Southern Sothos on immunisation
Authors: Lubbe A.J.
Published: November 2012

The promotion of good health and the prevention of disease are two of the aims of community health care that can, to a large extent be realised by means of immunisation. Immunisation does not only make it possible to control the spread of a number of infectious diseases, but also enhances the overall health status of a community.
Verpleegster wat dink jy van die Doman-program
Authors: Uys L.R.
Published: November 2012

Anyone working with mentally retarded children and their parents is regularly asked to voice an opinion on the Doman-program and every nurse should know enough about this to give such a professional opinion. The program is one of extremely intensive sensory and motor stimulation, based on an extensive evaluation of the individual child and provided by parents at home according to a very strict schedule. The program has met with much criticism including that the neurological development profile on which the originators base their program is unscientific, that the program may be harmful, that it is too rigid and demanding and that there is a lack of documentation to prove success. There are however positive aspects including the results which have been obtained, the direction it gives parents and the thorough evaluation of each child.
The professional nurse in the Cell Support Unit
Authors: Wood L. , Richards J.D.M. , Jacobs P.
Published: November 2012

The well-trained nurse is the central figure in the efficient operation of the Cell Support Unit. This individual is responsible for the safety of those undergoing the procedures, whether they be volunteer donors or patients and has as a prerequisite thorough training and competence in intensive nursing care.
Kommunikasie as metode om verpleegsorg te verbeter
Authors: Postmus G.
Published: November 2012

With the large number of patients in particularly academic hospital wards and the shortage of nursing staff total patient care is not possible. This is leading to increasing task-orientation and a widening of communication gaps which are affecting the quality of nursing care. One of the main problems is that it is impossible for nurses to remember all the details given during the regular reports off by heart. Neither does the nurse know which regular oral medications each patient is receiving. The nurse is thus unable to make the required observations while doing patient care and does not provide the necessary feedback. The author suggests a simple system, based mainly on the use of patient bed lists and a note book carried by each nurse to improve communication and achieve a higher standard of nursing care within a short period.
To all my nurses ...
Authors: Goodall S.
Published: November 2012

Professor Julius Hackethal is a wellknown general surgeon in West Germany. In 1975 he made plans to emigrate to South Africa because he was convinced he could carry out his ideas of an ideal patient-friendly clinic here.
The South African Nursing Association -	Quo Vadis
Authors: Van Huyssteen M.C.
Published: November 2012

The S.A. Nursing Association, as defined in Section 38 of the Nursing Act 1978 (No.50 of 1978), as amended, represents the profession of nursing and midwifery in the Republic of South Africa. It is therefore a statutary body and has been one since 1944 when the first Nursing Act was promulgated.
Die verpleegonderwyser — Dié innovateur?
Authors: Kotzé W.
Published: November 2012

We exist in a dynamically changing world which requires that we are able to adapt. The process of innovation is a complex one which must be approached scientifically and seen within the broad framework of the system as a whole. The ideal innovator is a person who has been scientifically prepared and has research ability. She must also be well-versed in and identify herself with the philosophy of the profession and the meaning of professionalism. Successful innovation can however only result from a well co-ordinated team effort, directed by nurses who know what they are doing and can account for their approaches and actions.
Psigiatriese verpleegvaardighede in ander verpleegdimensies
Authors: Poggenpoel M.
Published: November 2012

Psychiatric nursing is a specialised area of nursing practice which has a scientific base and in which the nurse uses herself as a therapeutic instrument in the implementation of the nursing process. This requires knowledge, self-knowledge, positive attitudes, therapeutic communication skills and the use of therapeutic nursing methods such as interviewing, group therapy and mental health counselling. Nurses who work in other areas of nursing can apply the above skills in their professional task, as well as at personal level.
The cornerstone of modern nursing management
Authors: Robertson B.
Published: November 2012

In most professions research is an essential part of the activities of the profession. It not only enables the profession to earn its place in history as a bona-fide profession but it enables it to remain dynamic by evaluating past achievement, improving present practice and collecting data on which to base future decisions.
Kommunikasie met sterwendes en hulle dierbares
Authors: De Villiers F.
Published: November 2012

Psychological and spiritual support of the dying patient involves establishing a relationship of trust, which requires special communication skills. Health professionals are not usually trained in these skills and they tend to dissociate themselves from dying patients and their relatives. An analysis of the communication proses enables us to improve our own pattern of communication. Firstly, counselling requires that we direct our attention — by eye contact, our position, listening and conversation. Various techniques may be used to improve conversation, such as the use of open and closed questions and paraphrasing. One must also be aware of the role of non-verbal communication. Secondly, confrontation is a technique used to stimulate exploration of topics which the patient is avoiding. The dying person is still a living human being and we should talk to him about the same things and for the same reasons we would talk to anyone else — because we are interested in him as a person.
Evaluation of the OSCE in the primary health care situation
Authors: Garde P.M.
Published: November 2012

The traditional methods of examination by long written questions, case presentations and orals have given rise to difficulties with both candidates and examiners, especially when they have been inexperienced and untrained. The new method of examination as described by the Medical School of the University of Cape Town, the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), was therefore evaluated in the KwaZulu Primary Health Care (PHC) nursing examinations in February, 1984.
Rekenaars as ’n hulpmiddel in verpleegkundige administrasie
Authors: Coetsee M.
Published: November 2012

Over the last few years pressure has been brought to bear on nurse managers worldwide to cut costs in their departments and to freeze posts, while maintaining a high quality of nursing care. Computers can be utilised in nursing administration to cut costs and to help increase productivity. There are three main areas in which computers can serve as an aid to nursing administration. A word-processor in the manager’s office can save a lot of time, the spreadsheet is invaluable for financial planning and a data base, which can be likened to an electronic filing cabinet, quickly produces information which would previously have taken hours to compile. There are computer programs, such as the Nurse Manager which are designed specifically for nursing administration, the above program combines the latest micro-computer technology with a patient classification system to provide a powerful staff management tool.
A Child in Need of Care - Guillain Barré Syndrome
Authors: Acres L
Published: November 2012

Guillian Barré-sindroom is die mees algemene polineuritis. Motoriese funksies word tot ’n groter mate as sensoriese funksies aangetal en die diagnose berus gewoonlik op simmetriese, distale en perifere spierswakheid. Sterftes aan die sindroom is gewoonlik die gevolg van respiratoriese arres en dus is vroeë diagnose en respiratoriese ondersteuning noodsaaklik. Terapeutiese sowel as verpleegsorg berus veral op goeie waarneming van die omvang van verlamming en die voorkoming van komplikasies. In die verpleging van ’n kind met die sindroom is die erkenning en hantering van die kind se vrese weens die verlies van Iiggaamsfunksies belangrik. Derhalwe is die daarstelling van goeie kommunikasie ’n noodsaaklike element van sorg.
Orientation
Authors: Anderson Elizabeth
Published: November 2012

Oriëntasie van ’n nuwe werknemer is noodsaaklik om angs te verlig en om horn/ haar van die inligting wat nodig is vir bevredigende werksverrigting te voorsien. Orientasieprogramme moet aangepas word by die spesifieke behoeftes van elke nuwe werknemer. Daar kan onderskei word tussen makro- en mikro-oriëntasie. Eersgenoemde behels inligting oor die hospitaal as geheel en behoort deur die streeksmatrone behartig te word. Mikro-oriëntasie vind in die saaleenheid plaas en is die suster-in-bevel se verantwoordelikheid. Die skrywer gee verskeie riglyne vir geslaagde oriëntasie.
To breastfeed or not to breastfeed? That is the question.
Authors: Myburgh Jacqui
Published: November 2012

The following research was carried out during the eight weeks of August and September 1982. It involved coloured and white patients. Our interest, was to determine how successful coloureds and whites in Johannesburg were at breastfeeding at the time of their six week postnatal check-up.
'n Futurologiese Beskouing
Authors: Coertse E
Published: November 2012

Over the past century nursing has developed into a profession with a distinct scientific foundation. We can be particularly proud of recent developments in nursing education. The science of nursing will however never stagnate and nursing today and tomorrow will have to keep up with many more changes and adaptations. Aspects to which the profession will need to direct its attention include continuous improvements in salaries, professional status, nursing as an autonomous science, decentralisation of nursing and the overloading of the basic course with particular reference to hours of practice.
Nursing is the Concern of all Citizens
Authors: Searle Charlotte
Published: November 2012

Today we remember, and give thanks for the work of Sister Henrietta Stockdale of the Anglican Sisterhood of St Michael and All Angels.
Skoolverpleging - 'n Voorligtingsuitdaging
Authors: Moir A.E.A.
Published: November 2012

School health services cover three main areas which are health education, maintaining a healthy environment and services to school children. At present health education in schools is far from ideal. It should be planned according to the specific needs of chidren in each age group and for this purpose a specific health education curriculum is necessary. Health education should be an integrated part of school health services and in this regard the school nurse should serve as a role model and resource person — the expert on health matters.
Lyding
Authors: De Villiers Fredrika
Published: November 2012

Suffering as a concept lies beyond man's understanding although its experience is very real. Man may experience physical, psychological or spiritual suffering. A person can adapt to suffering negatively which may lead to complete psychological break-down. A positive attitude towards suffering implies accepting it and believing that it has a purpose. Suffering may then lead to spiritual growth and self-actualisation. The nurse’s role in supporting the suffering in thus to help the person to experience it positively and to use it constructively. This requires special skill, sensitivity and a strong faith.
'n Rekenaargesteunde Wissellys
Authors: Coetsee Mirinda
Published: November 2012

Drawing up the monthly change list and the off-duty times for hospital nursing staff is an important administrative function. However, nursing management spends many valuable hours on this function. These hours can be reduced to minutes by a computer program designed for this purpose. The program also contributes to cost containment as it allows for more effective staff scheduling, particularly when used with a patient classification system. Furthermore, it provides a variety of useful management reports such as a monthly productivity summary, a monthly costanalysis report and a 24-hour staff analysis.
Vigs: Implikasies vir Suid-Afrikaanse verpleegkundiges — Deel 1
Authors: Herbst Michael C
Published: November 2012

At present the number of AIDS victims in South Africa has been small with only 19 cases reported by 19 July 1985. Nurses in South Africa should however understand AIDS (Auto Immune Deficiency Syndrome) so that a possible sudden increase in the number of cases does not Find them unprepared. AIDS is a disease characterised by the development of an inexplicable immune deficiency. These patients develop fatal opportunistic infections and a specific malignancy — Kaposi Sarcoma. AIDS is believed to be caused by a retro-virus named HTLV-III. It seems to be spread through sexual contact, blood, blood products, syringes of drug-addicts and to a baby during the birth process. The diagnosis of AIDS is made on the basis of an opportunistic infection or the development of a malignancy. Four patterns have been identified including the pulmonary, central nervous system, gastro-intestinal and fever o f unknown origin patterns. (Next issue: Nursing patients with AIDS).
Preparing nurse managers for informed action
Authors: Makwakwa C.M.
Published: November 2012

Nursing Administration is one of the subjects taught to nurses studying for post-registration courses, namely the Diploma in Nursing Administration and B Cur (I et A) at Medunsa.
The South African Nursing Council: Aspects of its development 1944-1984
Authors: Kotzé Wilma J
Published: November 2012

In a memorandum submitted to the Commission on National Health Services in 1943 the Organising Secretary of the South African Trained Nurses’ Association, Mrs. Sharley Cribb, wrote the following, quoted from the South African Nursing Journal, February 1943
South African Nursing Council Examinations
Authors: S.A. Nursing Council Professional Section
Published: November 2012

Examinations and examination results are an emotional issue and when the examinations are conducted on a national scale, with between 900 and 2 000 candidates at a time, the problems involved are magnified proportionally.
Education for Life
Authors: Simpson Michael A
Published: November 2012

I’ll do something rather dangerous today, and something very unusual for a major national expert in education. I’ll tell the truth about education. It’s not a pretty story, because it’s a story of murder. Soul murder; the persistent diminution of the natural spirit of inquiry; the solemn clipping of wings; nurturing bonsai brains, preparing not for growth and creation throughout life, but sedation for the long littleness of life. John Kenneth Galbrath once said: I f you can’t always comfort the afflicted — sometimes its useful to afflict the comfortable.
Assessing the Performance of a Three Dimensional Hybrid Central-WENO Finite Difference scheme with Computation of a Sonic Injector in Supersonic Cross Flow
Authors: Don Wai-Sun , Gregorio Antonio de , Suarez Jean-Piero , Jacobs Gustaaf B.
Published: November 2012

A hybridization of a high order WENO-Zfinite difference scheme and a high order central finite difference method for computation of the two-dimensional Euler equations first presented in [B. Costa and W. S. Don, J. Comput. Appl. Math., 204(2) (2007)] is extended to three-dimensions and for parallel computation. The Hybrid scheme switches dynamically from a WENO-Zscheme to a central scheme at any grid location and time instance if the flow is sufficiently smooth and vice versa if the flow is exhibiting sharp shock-type phenomena. The smoothness of the flow is determined by a high order multi-resolution analysis. The method is tested on a benchmark sonic flow injection in supersonic cross flow. Increase of the order of the method reduces the numerical dissipation of the underlying schemes, which is shown to improve the resolution of small dynamic vortical scales. Shocks are captured sharply in an essentially non-oscillatory manner via the high order shock-capturing WENO-Zscheme. Computations of the injector flow with a WENO-Zscheme only and with the Hybrid scheme are in very close agreement. Thirty percent of grid points require a computationally expensive WENO-Zscheme for high-resolution capturing of shocks, whereas the remainder of grid points may be solved with the computationally more affordable central scheme. The computational cost of the Hybrid scheme can be up to a factor of one and a half lower as compared to computations with a WENO-Zscheme only for the sonic injector benchmark.
Numerical Solutions of the System of Singular Integro-Differential Equations in Classical Hölder Spaces
Authors: Caraus Iurie , Li Zhilin
Published: November 2012

New numerical methods based on collocation methods with the mechanical quadrature rules are proposed to solve some systems of singular integro-differential equations that are defined on arbitrary smooth closed contours of the complex plane. We carry out the convergence analysis in classical Hölder spaces. A numerical example is also presented.
Binary Level Set Methods for Dynamic Reservoir Characterization by Operator Splitting Scheme
Authors: Yao Changhui
Published: November 2012

In this paper, operator splitting scheme for dynamic reservoir characterization by binary level set method is employed. For this problem, the absolute permeability of the two-phase porous medium flow can be simulated by the constrained augmented Lagrangian optimization method with well data and seismic time-lapse data. By transforming the constrained optimization problem in an unconstrained one, the saddle point problem can be solved by Uzawas algorithms with operator splitting scheme, which is based on the essence of binary level set method. Both the simple and complicated numerical examples demonstrate that the given algorithms are stable and efficient and the absolute permeability can be satisfactorily recovered.
Modification of Multiple Knot B-Spline Wavelet for Solving (Partially) Dirichlet Boundary Value Problem
Authors: Pourakbari Fatemeh , Tavakoli Ali
Published: November 2012

A construction of multiple knotB-spline wavelets has been given in [C. K. Chui and E. Quak, Wavelet on a bounded interval, In: D. Braess and L. L. Schumaker, editors. Numerical methods of approximation theory. Basel: Birkhauser Verlag; (1992), pp. 57-76]. In this work, we first modify these wavelets to solve the elliptic (partially) Dirichlet boundary value problems by Galerkin and Petrov Galerkin methods. We generalize this construction to two dimensional case by Tensor product space. In addition, the solution of the system discretized by Galerkin method with modified multiple knotB-spline wavelets is discussed. We also consider a nonlinear partial differential equation for unsteady flows in an open channel called Saint-Venant. Since the solving of this problem by some methods such as finite difference and finite element produce unsuitable approximations specially in the ends of channel, it is solved by multiple knotB-spline wavelet method that yields a very well approximation. Finally, some numerical examples are given to support our theoretical results.
LOD-MS for Gross-Pitaevskii Equation in Bose-Einstein Condensates
Authors: Kong Linghua , Hong Jialin , Zhang Jingjing
Published: November 2012

The local one-dimensional multisymplectic scheme (LOD-MS) is developed for the three-dimensional (3D) Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation in Bose-Einstein condensates. The idea is originated from the advantages of multisymplectic integrators and from the cheap computational cost of the local one-dimensional (LOD) method. The 3D GP equation is split into three linear LOD Schrödinger equations and an exactly solvable nonlinear Hamiltonian ODE. The three linear LOD Schrödinger equations are multisymplectic which can be approximated by multisymplectic integrator (MI). The conservative properties of the proposed scheme are investigated. It is mass-preserving. Surprisingly, the scheme preserves the discrete local energy conservation laws and global energy conservation law if the wave function is variable separable. This is impossible for conventional MIs in nonlinear Hamiltonian context. The numerical results show that the LOD-MS can simulate the original problems very well. They are consistent with the numerical analysis.
Development and Application of a Reduced Order Model for the Control of Self-Sustained Instabilities in Cavity Flows
Authors: Nagarajan Kaushik Kumar , Cordier Laurent , Airiau Christophe
Published: November 2012

Flow around a cavity is characterized by a self-sustained mechanism in which the shear layer impinges on the downstream edge of the cavity resulting in a feedback mechanism. Direct Numerical Simulations of the flow at low Reynolds number has been carried out to get pressure and velocity fluctuations, for the case of un-actuated and multi frequency actuation. A Reduced Order Model for the isentropic compressible equations based on the method of Proper Orthogonal Decomposition has been constructed. The model has been extended to include the effect of control. The Reduced Order dynamical system shows a divergence in time integration. A method of calibration based on the minimization of a linear functional of error, to the sensitivity of the modes, is proposed. The calibrated low order model is used to design a feedback control of cavity flows based on an observer design. For the experimental implementation of the controller, a state estimate based on the observed pressure measurements is obtained through a linear stochastic estimation. Finally the obtained control is introduced into the Direct Numerical Simulation to obtain a decrease in spectra of the cavity acoustic mode.
Calibration and intercomparison of acetic acid measurements using proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS)
Authors: Haase K. B. , Keene W. C. , Pszenny A. A. P. , Mayne H. R. , Talbot R. W. , Sive B. C.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Acetic acid is one of the most abundant organic acids in the ambient atmosphere, with maximum mixing ratios reaching into the tens of parts per billion by volume (ppbv) range. The identities and associated magnitudes of the major sources and sinks for acetic acid are poorly characterized, due in part to the limitations of available measurement techniques. This paper demonstrates that, when properly calibrated, proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry (PTR-MS) can be a valuable technique for fast response, accurate quantification of acetic acid in ambient air. Three different PTR-MS configurations were calibrated at low ppbv mixing ratios using permeation tubes, which yielded calibration factors between 7.0 and 10.9 normalized counts per second per ppbv (ncps ppbv−1) at a drift tube field strength of 132 Townsend (Td). Detection limits ranged from 0.06 to 0.32 ppbv with dwell times of 5 s. These calibration factors showed negligible humidity dependence. Acetic acid was measured with PTR-MS on Appledore B Island, ME, during the International Consortium for Atmospheric Research on Transport and Transformation (ICARTT) campaign and validated based on acetic acid measured in parallel using tandem mist chambers coupled with ion chromatography (MC/IC). Mixing ratios ranged from a minimum of 0.075 ± 0.004 ppbv to 3.555 ± 0.171 ppbv, with a median mixing ratio of 0.530 ± 0.025 ppbv. An orthogonal least squares linear regression of paired data yielded a slope of 1.14 ± 0.06 (2σ), an intercept of 0.049 ± 0.020 (2σ) ppbv, and an R2 of 0.78.
Spatial distribution of soils determines export of nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon from an intensively managed agricultural landscape
Authors: Wohlfart T. , Exbrayat J.-F. , Schelde K. , Christen B. , Dalgaard T. , Frede H.-G. , Breuer L.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The surrounding landscape of a stream has crucial impacts on the aquatic environment. This study pictures the hydro-biogeochemical situation of the Tyrebækken creek catchment in central Jutland, Denmark. The intensively managed agricultural landscape is dominated by rotational croplands. The small catchment mainly consist of sandy soil types besides organic soils along the streams. The aim of the study was to characterise the relative influence of soil type and land use on stream water quality. Nine snapshot sampling campaigns were undertaken during the growing season of 2009. Total dissolved nitrogen (TDN), nitrate (NO3−), ammonium nitrogen and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured, and dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) was calculated for each grabbed sample. Electrical conductivity, pH and flow velocity were measured during sampling. Statistical analyses showed significant differences between the northern, southern and converged stream parts, especially for NO3− concentrations with average values between 1.4 mg N l−1 and 9.6 mg N l−1. Furthermore, throughout the sampling period DON concentrations increased to 2.8 mg N l−1 in the northern stream contributing up to 81% to TDN. Multiple-linear regression analyses performed between chemical data and landscape characteristics showed a significant negative influence of organic soils on instream N concentrations and corresponding losses in spite of their overall minor share of the agricultural land (12.9%). On the other hand, organic soil frequency was positively correlated to the corresponding DOC concentrations. Croplands also had a significant influence but with weaker correlations. For our case study we conclude that the fractions of coarse textured and organic soils have a major influence on N and DOC export in this intensively used landscape. Meanwhile, the contribution of DON to the total N losses was substantial.
Seasonal and spatial comparisons of phytoplankton growth and mortality rates due to microzooplankton grazing in the northern South China Sea
Authors: Chen B. , Zheng L. , Huang B. , Song S. , Liu H.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. We conducted a comprehensive investigation on the microzooplankton herbivory effect on phytoplankton in the northern South China Sea (SCS) using the seawater dilution technique at surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) layers in two cruises (July–August of 2009 and January of 2010). We compared vertical (surface vs. DCM), spatial (onshore vs. offshore), and seasonal (summer vs. winter) differences of phytoplankton growth (μ0) and microzooplankton grazing rates (m). During summer, both μ0 and m were significantly higher at the surface than at the layer of DCM, which was below the mixed layer. During winter, surface μ0 was significantly higher than at DCM, while m was not significantly different between the two layers, both of which were contained within the mixed layer. Surface μ0 was, on average, significantly higher in summer than in winter; while average surface m was not different between the two seasons. There were no significant cross-shelf trends of μ0 in summer or winter surface waters. In surface waters, μ0 was not correlated with ambient nitrate concentrations and the effect of nutrient enrichment on phytoplankton growth was not pronounced. There was a decreasing trend of m from shelf to basin surface waters in summer, but not in winter. Microzooplankton grazing effect on phytoplankton (m/μ0) did not increase with distance offshore, suggesting that the importance of microzooplankton as grazers of phytoplankton may not decrease in onshore waters. On average, microzooplankton grazed 73% and 65% of the daily primary production in summer and winter, respectively.
Spectrally resolved efficiencies of carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction in the Western Canadian Arctic: particles versus solutes
Authors: Song G. , Xie H. , Bélanger S. , Babin M.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. Spectrally resolved efficiency (i.e. apparent quantum yield, AQY) of carbon monoxide (CO) photoproduction is a useful indicator of substrate photoreactivity and a crucial parameter for modeling CO photoproduction rates in the water column. Recent evidence has suggested that CO photoproduction from particles in marine waters is significant compared to the well-known CO production from chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM) photodegradation. Although CDOM-based CO AQY spectra have been extensively determined, little is known of this information on the particulate phase. Using water samples collected from the Mackenzie estuary, shelf, and Canada Basin in the Southeastern Beaufort Sea, the present study for the first time quantified the AQY spectra of particle-based CO photoproduction and compared them with the concomitantly determined CDOM-based CO AQY spectra. CO AQYs of both particles and CDOM decreased with wavelength but the spectral shape of the particulate AQY was flatter in the visible regime. This feature resulted in a disproportionally higher visible light-driven CO production by particles, thereby increasing the ratio of particle- to CDOM-based CO photoproduction with depth in the euphotic zone. In terms of depth-integrated production in the euphotic zone, CO formation from CDOM was dominated by the ultraviolet (UV, 290–400 nm) radiation whereas UV and visible light played roughly equal roles in CO production from particles. Spatially, CO AQY of bulk particulate matter (i.e. the sum of organics and inorganics) augmented from the estuary to shelf to basin while CO AQY of CDOM trended inversely. Water from the deep chlorophyll maximum layer revealed higher CO AQYs than did surface water for both particles and CDOM. CO AQY of bulk particulate matter exceeded that of CDOM on the shelf and in the basin but the sequence reversed in the estuary. Mineral absorption-corrected CO AQY of particulate organic matter (POM) was, however, greater than its CDOM counterpart in all three sub-regions and displayed magnitudes in the estuary that were no inferior to those in shelf and offshore waters. In terms of CO photoproduction, POM was thus more photoreactive than CDOM, irrespective of the organic matter's origins (i.e. terrigenous or marine). Riverine CDOM exhibited higher photoreactivity than marine CDOM and land-derived POM appeared similarly or more photoreactive than marine POM. AQY-based modeling indicates that CO photoproduction in the study area is underestimated by 13–48 % if the particulate term is ignored.