bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of Neonatal Lung Ultrasound for the Early Detection of Pneumothorax
Authors: Deng Bi-Ying , Li Ning , Wu Wen-Shen , He Xiao-Guang , Li Jin-Feng , Huang Tian-li , Li Yu-Chan , Jiang Shuang-lan
Published: May 2019

Objective Pneumothorax (PTX) can be diagnosed using lung ultrasonography (LUS) in adult patients, but there are only a few reports of LUS in PTX diagnosis in neonates. The aim of the study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy for PTX.

Study Design This was a retrospective review study performed in our neonatal intensive care unit (level III) between June 2015 and June 2018. All eligible patients underwent an LUS scan before undergoing a chest X-ray (CXR), which was considered the reference standard. When a diagnosis of PTX was inconsistent between LUS and CXR, a chest computed tomography (CT) scan or chest drain was considered the gold standard.

Results Among 86 infants included in the study, 30 (34.9%) were diagnosed with PTX. In these 30 infants, 35 PTXs were detected by bedside LUS (five bilateral PTXs). Moreover, 11 infants with 14 PTXs were diagnosed only by LUS and were missed by CXR. Out of these 11 infants, 7 underwent a CT scan, whereas the remaining 4 underwent thoracentesis that confirmed PTX diagnosis.

Conclusion In neonates with PTX, LUS was more sensitive and specific for the early detection of PTX compared with CXR.
Is Foley Catheter Use during a Trial of Labor after Cesarean Associated with Uterine Rupture?
Authors: Katz Eriksen Jennifer L. , Chandrasekaran Suchitra , Delaney Shani S.
Published: May 2019

Objective We sought to assess the safety of transcervical Foley catheter (TCF) placement for cervical ripening in women undergoing induction of labor (IOL) after prior cesarean by evaluating the risk of uterine rupture.

Study Design We performed a secondary analysis of the Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit's Cesarean Section Registry, a prospective observational cohort study. We included women with a history of ≤2 low-transverse cesarean deliveries who underwent IOL at ≥24 weeks of gestational age with a live singleton fetus without major anomalies. We excluded those who received prostaglandins or laminaria. We performed multinomial logistic regression to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for uterine rupture and dehiscence. Relevant confounders included prior vaginal delivery, pregnancy-induced hypertension, chorioamnionitis, and cervical effacement and dilation on admission.

Results A total of 2,564 women were eligible. Unadjusted analysis demonstrated no increased risk of uterine rupture with TCF (1.9 vs. 0.9%; p = 0.10) but an increased risk of uterine dehiscence (1.9 vs. 0.6%; p = 0.02). After adjustment, TCF was not associated with an increased risk of uterine rupture (aOR: 2.02; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71–5.78) or uterine scar dehiscence (aOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 0.37–4.72).

Conclusion Foley catheter is a safe tool for mechanical dilation in women undergoing IOL after prior cesarean.
Ab-initio calculation of band alignments for opto-electronic simulations
Authors: Oelerich Jan Oliver , Weseloh Maria J. , Volz Kerstin , Koch Stephan W.
Published: May 2019

A modified core-to-valence band maximum approach is applied to calculate band offsets of strained III/V semiconductor hetero junctions. The method is used for the analysis of (In,Ga)As/GaAs/Ga(As,Sb) multi-quantum well structures. The obtained offsets and the resulting bandstructure are used as input for the microscopic calculation of photoluminescence spectra yielding very good agreement with recent experimental results.
Past, present, and future of InP-based photonic integration
Authors: Smit Meint , Williams Kevin , van der Tol Jos
Published: May 2019

The application market for Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) is rapidly growing. Photonic integration is the dominant technology in high bandwidth communications and is set to become dominant in many fields of photonics, just like microelectronics in the field of electronics. PICs offer compelling performance advances in terms of precision, bandwidth, and energy efficiency. To enable uptake in new sectors, the availability of highly standardized (generic) photonic integration platform technologies is of key importance as this separates design from technology, reducing barriers for new entrants. The major platform technologies today are Indium Phosphide (InP)-based monolithic integration and Silicon Photonics. In this perspective paper, we will describe the current status and future developments of InP-based generic integration platforms.
Structural and magnetic studies of Co1−xNixCr2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 1)
Authors: Wang D. , Shu M. F. , Yin L. H. , Tang X. W. , Tong P. , Zhu X. B. , Yang J. , Song W. H. , Sun Y. P.
Published: May 2019

We have investigated the structural, magnetic, and thermal transport properties of Co1−xNixCr2O4 (0≤x≤1) to check the evolution of structural and magnetic properties upon the introduction of the Jahn–Teller active ion Ni2+. The x≤0.95 samples can be indexed with a cubic lattice with the space group Fd3m, whereas the x=0.98 sample undergoes a cubic-tetragonal structural transition, and the x>0.98 samples belong to a tetragonal lattice with the space group I41-amd at room temperature. All these samples undergo a paramagnetic–ferrimagnetic transition at TC. A spiral ferrimagnetic ordering at TS is suppressed when the amount of Ni is increased, and the abnormal magnetization at TS for the x=0.6 and 0.8 samples is not pronounced. The measurements of magnetic hysteresis reveal that the x=0.4 and 0.6 samples possess a rather large coercivity HC compared with the x=0 and 1 samples. Specifically, the x=0.4 and 0.6 samples undergo a short-range antiferromagnetic transition above TC. The magnetic properties of the Ni-doped samples can be understood in terms of the magnetic structure model consisting of longitudinal and transverse magnetic sublattices.
Reset-set latch logic operation using vortex-gyration-coupled modes and its driven switching in magnetic-dot networks: A micromagnetic simulation study
Authors: Cho Young-Jun , Kim Sang-Koog
Published: May 2019

We explored, by micromagnetic simulations, a new-concept RS (reset-set) latch logic operation based on magnetic-dot networks comprised of physically separated but dipolar-coupled three disks in magnetic-vortex states. To devise this robust RS latch logic operation, we utilized the unique dynamic behaviors of both vortex-gyration-coupled modes and its driven vortex-core switching. For example, we demonstrated RS latch sequential logic operations by propagating gyration-coupled modes from both end disks to the middle disk and then stimulated vortex-core switching in the middle disk by specific coupled-mode signals. The advantages of this logic operation are the non-volatility of its bi-state core orientations, its switchability via signals of the coupled gyration modes, its low power consumption via resonance excitation of the gyration modes, and its use of lower-damping materials. This work offers guidance for the development of non-volatile, unlimited-endurance, all-magnetic-based RS latch logic operations.
Tunable Ge content and thickness in hemispherical-shell shaped SiGe recess channels created by proximal Ge nanospheres
Authors: Chen C. T. , Peng K. P. , George T. , Lin H. C. , Li Pei-Wen
Published: May 2019

We report the novel tunability of Ge content, thickness, and even curvature/shape in self-aligned, hemispherical-shell shaped SiGe recess channels created in Si substrates by Ge nanospheres that are proximally located to these nanoshells. The hemispherical recess SiGe nanoshells arise from the migration of Ge interstitials through the intervening oxide layer between the Ge nanospheres and the Si substrate, and their Ge content, thickness, and curvatures exhibit a monotonic dependence on the depth of penetration of the Ge nanospheres into the Si substrate. Following a unique “explosion” phenomenon in which the Ge nanosphere breaks up into multiple nanocrystallites, both the Ge content and thickness of the SiGe nanoshells are significantly decreased by reverse migration of Ge interstitials from the SiGe nanoshells to the Ge nanocrystallites.
Antiferroelectric order and Ta-doped AgNbO3 with higher energy storage density
Authors: Li Gen , Liu Hai , Zhao Lei , Gao Jing , Liang Shiyou , Li Jingfeng , Zhu Jing
Published: May 2019

Antiferroelectric phenomenological theory can well depict the behavior of the antiferroelectric system, but how to quantitatively define the antiferroelectric order parameter based on the experimental results is still an open question. In this work, the reduced antiferroelectric order parameter is proposed based on the direct atomic-scale observation, which can be regarded as an extension of the traditional antiferroelectric order parameter. In addition, the enhancement of energy storage density of Ta-doped silver niobate is discussed using this reduced antiferroelectric order parameter as a tool. It is found that the deeper reason for the increase of energy storage density can be attributed to the decrease of the permittivity χ0 of the corresponding paraelectric phase, and novel antiferroelectric materials with high energy storage density may be realized on the base of it.
Brownian dynamics simulations of oblate and prolate colloidal particles in nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Morillo Neftalí , Patti Alessandro , Cuetos Alejandro
Published: May 2019

It is well known that understanding the transport properties of liquid crystals is crucial to optimize their performance in a number of technological applications. In this work, we analyze the effect of shape anisotropy on the diffusion of rodlike and disklike particles by Brownian dynamics simulations. To this end, we compare the dynamics of prolate and oblate nematic fluids incorporating particles with the same infinite-dilution translational or rotational diffusion coefficients. Under these conditions, which are benchmarked against the standard case of identical aspect ratios, we observe that prolate particles display faster dynamics than oblate particles at short and long time scales. Nevertheless, when compared at identical infinite-dilution translational diffusion coefficients, oblate particles are faster than their prolate counterparts at short-to-intermediate time scales, which extend over almost three time decades. Both oblate and prolate particles exhibit an anisotropic diffusion with respect to the orientation of the nematic director. More specifically, prolate particles show a fast diffusion in the direction parallel to the nematic director, while their diffusion in the direction perpendicular to it is slower. By contrast, the diffusion of oblate particles is faster in the plane perpendicular to the nematic director. Finally, in the light of our recent study on the long-time Gaussian and Fickian diffusion in nematic systems, we map the decay of the autocorrelation functions and their fluctuations over the time scales of our simulations to ponder the existence of mobile clusters of particles and the occurrence of collective motion.
No-contact electrostatic manipulation of droplets on liquid-infused surfaces: Experiments and numerical simulations
Authors: Sinn Nico , Schür Maximilian T. , Hardt Steffen
Published: May 2019

We propose a simple method of electrostatic manipulation of aqueous droplets sitting on a liquid-infused surface. The electric field is created between a pin electrode not touching the droplets and the grounded substrate. Experiments and numerical simulations are performed to study the sliding of droplets along the surface. Sliding velocities in excess of 1 cm/s can be achieved. The scaling of the sliding velocity with the applied voltage difference and the droplet volume is studied. Good agreement between the experimental and the simulation data indicates that the simulation model captures the essential physics.
The effect of annealing on the impact fragmentation of a pure aluminum reactive material
Authors: Kline Jacob , Hooper Joseph P.
Published: May 2019

Reactive materials are otherwise inert solids designed to generate combustion energy upon dynamic impact via fragmentation and combustion. We show that the impact fragmentation of a prototypical aluminum reactive material is very sensitive to mild annealing. Cold isostatically pressed compacts of micrometer-scale Al powder were annealed at 200 °C and launched through thin plates or into thick steel targets, where they fragmented heavily before being recovered in a soft-catch medium. Though the heat treatment causes no sintering, grain growth, or recrystallization, it has a significant effect on the fragment distribution. The distribution can be tuned from brittle power-law behavior to one with a clear characteristic size. The effect is presumed to arise from dislocation recovery, affecting interlocking of Al particles during the multiaxial stress loading of impact. A similar material made partially with aluminum alloy powder does not show this extreme sensitivity to annealing. This strong variation in impact fragmentation is particularly important for reactive materials, which rely on the production of fine fragments for efficient combustion.
Sub-nanosecond switching in a cryogenic spin-torque spin-valve memory element with a dilute permalloy free layer
Authors: Rehm L. , Sluka V. , Rowlands G. E. , Nguyen M.-H. , Ohki T. A. , Kent A. D.
Published: May 2019

We present a study of pulsed current switching characteristics of spin-valve nanopillars with in-plane magnetized dilute permalloy and undiluted permalloy free layers in the ballistic regime at low temperatures. The dilute permalloy free layer device switches much faster: the characteristic switching time for a permalloy (Ni0.83Fe0.17) free layer device is 1.18 ns, while that for a dilute permalloy ([Ni0.83Fe0.17]0.6Cu0.4) free layer device is 0.475 ns. A ballistic macrospin model can capture the data trends with a reduced spin-torque asymmetry parameter, reduced spin polarization, and increased Gilbert damping for the dilute permalloy free layer relative to the permalloy devices. Our study demonstrates that reducing the magnetization of the free layer increases the switching speed while greatly reducing the switching energy and shows a promising route toward even lower power magnetic memory devices compatible with superconducting electronics.
Dimension engineering of single-layer PtN2 with the Cairo tessellation
Authors: Liu Lei , Wang Duo , Lakamsani Sreeharsha , Huang Wenjiang , Price Chance , Zhuang Houlong L.
Published: May 2019

Single-layer PtN2 exhibits an intriguing structure consisting of a tessellation pattern called the Cairo tessellation of type 2 pentagons, which belongs to one of the existing 15 types of convex pentagons discovered so far that can monohedrally tile a plane. Single-layer PtN2 has also been predicted to show semiconducting behavior with direct bandgaps. Full exploration of the structure–property relationship awaits the successful exfoliation or synthesis of this novel single-layer material, which depends on the structure of its bulk counterpart with the same stoichiometry to some extent. Bulk PtN2 with the pyrite structure is commonly regarded as the most stable structure in the literature. But comparing the energies of single-layer PtN2 and bulk PtN2 leads to a dilemma that a single-layer material is more stable than its bulk counterpart. To solve this dilemma, we propose stacking single-layer PtN2 sheets infinitely to form a new bulk structure of PtN2. The resulting tetragonal layered structure is energetically more stable than the pyrite structure and single-layer PtN2. We also find that the predicted bulk structure is metallic, in contrast to the semiconducting pyrite structure. In addition to predicting the 3D structure, we explore the possibility of rolling single-layer PtN2 sheets into nanotubes. The required energies are comparable to those needed to form carbon or boron nitride nanotubes from their single-layer sheets, implying the feasibility of obtaining PtN2 nanotubes. We finally study the electronic structures of PtN2 nanotubes and find that the bandgaps of PtN2 nanotubes are tunable by changing the number of unit cells of single-layer PtN2 used to construct the nanotubes. Our work shows that dimension engineering of PtN2 not only leads to a more stable 3D structure but also to 1D materials with novel properties.
Remotely induced high-density hollow-anode plasma and its application to fast deposition of photosensitive microcrystalline silicon thin film with preferential <110> orientation
Authors: Tabuchi Toshihiro , Toyoshima Yasumasa , Fujimoto Shinichi , Takashiri Masayuki
Published: May 2019

We investigated the application of a less hydrogen-dilute and low gas pressure hollow-anode plasma to fast chemical-vapor deposition of photosensitive hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (μc-Si:H). The hollow-anode plasma was remotely induced at a processing space by transferring a hollow-cathode plasma through a nozzle attached to a partition plate, which operated as an anode and separated the processing space from a hollow-cathode discharge space in an ultrahigh-vacuum hollow-electrode-enhanced glow-plasma transportation (HEEPT) system. The hollow-cathode plasma was excited by applying a very-high-frequency (VHF, 105 MHz) power to a cathode in the hollow-cathode discharge space. Through the use of this hollow-anode plasma under a gas flow rate ratio ([H2]/[SiH4]) of 1.25 (30 sccm/24 sccm), pressure of 80 Pa, and VHF power of 150 W (the highest power tested in this work), we fabricated a well-crystallized and photosensitive μc-Si:H thin film with a highly preferred crystal orientation along the <110> direction at a growth rate of 13 nm/s. Electrical analysis on the self-bias voltage of the cathode (Vdc) revealed that hollow-cathode discharges in the HEEPT system were approximately equivalent to symmetric discharge, i.e., Vdc ≒ 0 V. Optical analysis indicated that the hollow-anode plasma produced an enough amount of atomic hydrogen to grow well-crystallized μc-Si:H thin films, even at the lowest [H2]/[SiH4] ratio (1.25). Optical and electrical analyses and computational plasma simulation demonstrated that the hollow-anode plasma had a lower electron temperature and higher plasma space potential compared with those features of a glow discharge plasma enhanced by a conventional parallel-electrodes system.
Exploring new grounds: arboreal sugar gliders frequently observed spending time on the ground as seen on camera traps
Authors: Gracanin Ana , Cappelletti Cara , Knipler Monica , Dallas Ryan K. K. , Mikac Katarina M.
Published: May 2019

We provide the first quantitative evidence of sugar gliders (Petaurus breviceps) being detected by ground-based camera traps. We speculate that this may represent occasional movement or foraging on the ground, which has not been fully appreciated previously.
Fabrication of magnetic functionalised calix[4]arene composite for highly efficient and selective adsorption towards uranium(VI)
Authors: Xiao Fang-Zhu , Wang Cheng , Yu Li-Mei , Pu Yi-Qiu , Xu Yu-Li , Zhang Kang , Luo Jia-Qi , Zhu Qi-Qi , Chen Fang , Liu Yong , Ho Chun-Hsing , Peng Guo-Wen , He Shu-Ya
Published: May 2019

Environmental contextUranium-containing wastewaters have high potential to harm the environment and human health. We found that the combination of calix[4]arene with magnetic Fe3O4 particles produced good adsorption of uranium from wastewater. In addition, this material can be recycled and reused, so it has good prospects in practical applications for uranium remediation.
AbstractA magnetic functionalised calix[4]arene composite consisting of Fe3O4 and calix[4]arene phosphonate derivative (CPD) was prepared through a facile self-assembly method. The composite was characterised by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The as-synthesised Fe3O4/CPD composite was used to remove UVI from aqueous solutions under different conditions. Meanwhile, the adsorption isotherm, kinetics and thermodynamics were fitted and analysed. The results show that the Fe3O4/CPD composite may be a promising adsorption material for the separation and enrichment of UVI from aqueous solutions in the cleanup of environmental pollution.
Stabilization of reactive Co
4
O
4
cubane oxygen-evolution catalysts within porous frameworks
Authors: Nguyen Andy I. , Van Allsburg Kurt M. , Terban Maxwell W. , Bajdich Michal , Oktawiec Julia , Amtawong Jaruwan , Ziegler Micah S. , Dombrowski James P. , Lakshmi K. V. , Drisdell Walter S. , Yano Junko , Billinge Simon J. L. , Tilley T. Don
Published: May 2019

Significance

A long-standing goal in science seeks to understand and mimic photosynthesis. The water oxidation half-reaction of photosynthesis can be mimicked with bulk metal oxide catalysts, although with only modest efficiencies. Thus, there is immense effort to learn how bulk oxides operate and to identify critical mechanistic principles that can guide the design of improved catalysts. A functional molecular analogue of cobalt oxide water oxidation catalysts, the Co
4
O
4
cubane, has provided a plethora of mechanistic information, although its instability in solution has prevented thorough characterization of key catalytic intermediates. We now show that a rigid coordination network greatly stabilizes this Co
4
O
4
catalyst by providing a supporting “matrix,” immobilizing and preserving the key reactive intermediate to enable structural and catalytic characterization.
Laser- and cryogenic probe-assisted NMR enables hypersensitive analysis of biomolecules at submicromolar concentration
Authors: Okuno Yusuke , Mecha Miranda F. , Yang Hanming , Zhu Lingchao , Fry Charles G. , Cavagnero Silvia
Published: May 2019

Significance

Despite its prominent role in structural biology, NMR spectroscopy is hampered by extremely poor sensitivity. In this work, we develop a laser-assisted methodology, LC-photo-CIDNP, to enhance NMR sensitivity for the detection of amino acids and proteins in solution down to nanomolar concentration. Our method is significant because it enables detection of nanomolar concentrations of aromatic amino acids (Trp and Tyr), either in their free state or within proteins, in only a few seconds. Hence, the LC-photo-CIDNP approach renders data collection thousands of times faster than laser-free NMR experiments performed on higher-field spectrometers. Further, LC-photo-CIDNP is readily applicable to both 1D and 2D data collection mode. Rapid detection of proteins in solution at nanomolar concentration by NMR spectroscopy is unprecedented.
Quantitative proteomics of MDCK cells identify unrecognized roles of clathrin adaptor AP-1 in polarized distribution of surface proteins
Authors: Caceres Paulo S. , Gravotta Diego , Zager Patrick J. , Dephoure Noah , Rodriguez-Boulan Enrique
Published: May 2019

Significance

Epithelial cells perform critical protective, secretory, absorptive, and sensory functions, for which they require plasma membrane polarization into apical and basolateral domains. Impaired polarity causes cancer and developmental and degenerative disorders. Research on fundamental polarity mechanisms has been hindered by the paucity of model proteins and by the use of overexpression systems. Here, we introduce a high-throughput surface proteomics approach based on domain-selective biotinylation and quantitative mass spectrometry that provides candidate proteins to study polarity under normal expression levels. Using this approach, we described that clathrin adaptors mediate apical and basolateral distribution of surface proteins, expanding the traditional notion that clathrin adaptors mediate only basolateral polarity. Our results establish quantitative surface proteomics as a powerful tool to study epithelial polarity.
Cardiac myosin binding protein-C phosphorylation regulates the super-relaxed state of myosin
Authors: McNamara James W. , Singh Rohit R. , Sadayappan Sakthivel
Published: May 2019

Significance

Cardiac myosin binding protein-C (cMyBP-C) is a sarcomeric protein closely linked to cardiac contractility. Importantly, although the phosphorylation status of cMyBP-C regulates the force and rate of cardiac contraction, the exact molecular mechanism(s) remain(s) unclear. Previously, loss of, or mutations in, cMyBP-C resulted in a loss of the inhibited super-relaxed state (SRX) of myosin, which explains the hypercontractile phenotype. Thus, we asked if cMyBP-C phosphorylation would increase contractile function by the release of myosin heads from SRX to a state more conducive to their interaction with actin. We found that a site-specific, phosphorylation-dependent interaction between cMyBP-C and myosin does modulate the fraction of SRX myosin that controls contractility.
Perfluorocarbon nanoparticle-mediated platelet inhibition promotes intratumoral infiltration of T cells and boosts immunotherapy
Authors: Zhou Zaigang , Zhang Baoli , Zai Wenjing , Kang Lin , Yuan Ahu , Hu Yiqiao , Wu Jinhui
Published: May 2019

Significance

Trafficking of T cells to tumors is critical for the success of immunotherapy. The success against solid cancers is not as effective as desired owing to limited efficacy in delivering a higher frequency of T cells to the tumor microenvironment. At this time, no useful methods are available to enhance T-cell infiltration in tumors in a short time. New methods that could enhance T-cell trafficking in tumors are urgently in need. Up to now, the role of platelets in limiting T-cell infiltration in tumors is a neglected phenomenon. In our study, for the first time, we proved that perfluorocarbon nanoparticles could promote intratumoral infiltration of T cells via platelet inhibition, resulting in enhanced anti–PD-L1 immunotherapy.
Variable G protein determinants of GPCR coupling selectivity
Authors: Okashah Najeah , Wan Qingwen , Ghosh Soumadwip , Sandhu Manbir , Inoue Asuka , Vaidehi Nagarajan , Lambert Nevin A.
Published: May 2019

Significance

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate a wide variety of important cellular processes and are targeted by a large fraction of approved drugs. GPCRs signal by activating heterotrimeric G proteins and must couple to a select subset of G proteins to produce appropriate intracellular responses. It is not known how GPCRs select G proteins, but it is generally accepted that the Gα subunit C terminus is the primary G protein determinant of coupling selectivity. We systematically studied coupling of GPCRs to four families of G proteins and chimeras with C terminal regions that were exchanged between families. We uncovered rules for coupling selectivity and found that different GPCRs can recognize different features of the same G protein for selective coupling.
Mitochondrial adaptations to high intensity interval training in older females and males
Authors: Chrøis Karoline Maise , Dohlmann Tine Lovsø , Søgaard Ditte , Hansen Camilla Vestergaard , Dela Flemming , Helge Jørn Wulff , Larsen Steen
Published: May 2019

Introduction: High intensity interval training (HIIT) has shown to be as effective as moderate intensity endurance training to improve metabolic health. However, the current knowledge on the effect of HIIT in older individuals is limited and it is uncertain whether the adaptations are sex specific. The aim was to investigate effects of HIIT on mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial content in older females and males. Methods: Twenty‐two older sedentary males (n = 11) and females (n = 11) completed 6 weeks of supervised HIIT 3 days per week. The training consisted of 5 × 1 min cycling (124 ± 3% of max power output at session 2–6 and 135 ± 3% of max power output at session 7–20) interspersed by 1½ min recovery. Before the intervention and 72 h after last training session a muscle biopsy was obtained and mitochondrial respiratory capacity, citrate synthase activity and proteins involved in mitochondria metabolism were assessed. Furthermore, body composition and ⩒O2max were measured. Results: ⩒O2max increased and body fat percentage decreased after HIIT in both sexes (p < 0.05). In addition, CS activity and protein content of MnSOD and complex I‐V increased in both sexes. Coupled and uncoupled mitochondrial respiratory capacity increased only in males. Mitochondrial respiratory capacity normalised to CS activity (intrinsic mitochondrial respiratory capacity) did not change following HIIT. Conclusion: HIIT induces favourable adaptions in skeletal muscle in older subjects by increasing mitochondrial content, which may help to maintain muscle oxidative capacity and slow down the process of sarcopenia associated with ageing.
Lysolipid receptor cross-talk regulates lymphatic endothelial junctions in lymph nodes
Authors: Hisano Yu , Kono Mari , Cartier Andreane , Engelbrecht Eric , Kano Kuniyuki , Kawakami Kouki , Xiong Yanbao , Piao Wenji , Galvani Sylvain , Yanagida Keisuke , Kuo Andrew , Ono Yuki , Ishida Satoru , Aoki Junken , Proia Richard L. , Bromberg Jonathan S. , Inoue Asuka , Hla Timothy
Published: May 2019

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) activate G protein–coupled receptors (GPCRs) to regulate biological processes. Using a genome-wide CRISPR/dCas9–based GPCR signaling screen, LPAR1 was identified as an inducer of S1PR1/β-arrestin coupling while suppressing Gαi signaling. S1pr1 and Lpar1-positive lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of lymph nodes exhibit constitutive S1PR1/β-arrestin signaling, which was suppressed by LPAR1 antagonism. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic loss of function of Lpar1 reduced the frequency of punctate junctions at sinus-lining LECs. Ligand activation of transfected LPAR1 in endothelial cells remodeled junctions from continuous to punctate structures and increased transendothelial permeability. In addition, LPAR1 antagonism in mice increased lymph node retention of adoptively transferred lymphocytes. These data suggest that cross-talk between LPAR1 and S1PR1 promotes the porous junctional architecture of sinus-lining LECs, which enables efficient lymphocyte trafficking. Heterotypic inter-GPCR coupling may regulate complex cellular phenotypes in physiological milieu containing many GPCR ligands.
Management of the correlations of UltracoldBosons in triple wells
Authors: Dutta Sunayana , Tsatsos Marios C , Basu Saurabh , Lode Axel U J
Published: May 2019

Ultracold interacting atoms are an excellent tool to study correlation functions of many-body systems that are generally eluding detection and manipulation. Herein, we investigate the ground state of bosons in a tilted triple-well potential and characterize the many-body state by the eigenvalues of its reduced one-body density matrix and Glauber correlation functions. We unveil how the interplay between the interaction strength and the tilt can be used to control the number of correlated wells as well as the fragmentation, i.e. the number of macroscopic eigenvalues of the reduced one-body density matrix.
Describing many-body localized systems in thermal environments
Authors: Wu Ling-Na , Schnell Alexander , Tomasi Giuseppe De , Heyl Markus , Eckardt André
Published: May 2019

In this work we formulate an efficient method for the description of fully many-body localized systems in weak contact with thermal environments at temperature T. The key idea is to exploit the representation of the system in terms of quasi-local integrals of motion (l-bits) to efficiently derive the generator for the quantum master equation in Born–Markov approximation. We, moreover, show how to compute the steady state of this equation efficiently by using quantum-jump Monte-Carlo techniques as well as by deriving approximate kinetic equations of motion. As an example, we consider a one-dimensional disordered extended Hubbard model for spinless fermions, for which we derive the l-bit representation approximately by employing a recently proposed method valid in the limit of strong disorder and weak interactions. Coupling the system to a global thermal bath, we study the transport between two leads with different chemical potentials at both of its ends. We find that the temperature-dependent current is captured by an interaction-dependent version of Mott’s law for variable range hopping, where transport is enhanced/lowered depending on whether the interactions are attractive or repulsive, respectively. We interpret these results in terms of spatio-energetic correlations between the l-bits.
The Complex Torque Coefficient Applied in Subsynchronous Oscillation Caused by HVDC
Authors: Zhang Hanhua , Li Jiaqi , Wen Jun , Zhang Shuang , Tian Bei
Published: May 2019

Subsynchronous oscillation is an unstable state in power system, which may damage rotors of turbine generators and break the steady operation of the power system. In China, some accidents of subsynchronous oscillations had happened in the power stations where there are HVDC projects nearby. So that it is necessary to study the Subsynchronous oscillation caused by HVDC. After analysis of the principle of subsynchronous oscillation, the mathematical calculation model of the system containing HVDC is built and analysed in method of complex torque coefficient. And the simulation model is established in PSCAD/EMTDC to prove the validation of the method of complex torque coefficient used for the system containing HVDC, which combines calculation and simulation of the method for the system.
Study on three-Study unbalanced control of low voltage phase distribution network
Authors: Zhang Chu , Fu Zhouxing , Ye Huanfei , Niu Dan
Published: May 2019

Three-phase unbalance is one of the power quality problems. For the power quality problem caused by the three-phase unbalance phenomenon on the load side in the low-voltage distribution network, combined with the characteristics of the three-phase four-wire system of the distribution network in China, the three-phase unbalance adjustment is studied. The device control strategy is selected, and the three-phase four-bridge arm topology and the three-phase current real-time detection method based on instantaneous reactive power theory are selected. The experimental model is built by MATLAB/Simulink to verify the feasibility of the method.
Fuzzy force control based on grasped objects stiffness of tendon-driven underactuated prosthetic hand system
Authors: Huanxin Luo , Hua Deng
Published: May 2019

The design of an fuzzy force based on grasped objects stiffness method for tendon-driven underactuated prosthetic hand system are addressed in this study. First, a mathematical model of tendon-driven underactuated prosthetic hand is developed for force control. Next, fuzzy force based on grasped objects stiffness was discussed to improve the control performance. Finally, the proposed control strategy for underactuated prosthetic hand is simulated to six different stiffness objects. The results shown that the controller is suit for prosthetic hand grasp objects with different stiffness. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the force control method based on grasped objects stiffness.
Speed Estimation of Asynchronous Motor Based on Model Reference Adaptive Method and On-line Identification of Rotor Time Constant
Authors: Jun TONG , Lei SHI , Li-juan LIU , Chen-yue Fan
Published: May 2019

In this paper, the principle of model reference adaptive method (MRAS) is analysed and studied. Aiming at the shortcomings of installing speed sensor to collect the speed signal and feedback to the control system, a method for speed estimation and parameter identification of asynchronous motor without speed sensor is presented, And taking the model reference adaptive method (MRAS) as the main line, the Popov super stability theory is used to derive and analyse the adaptive law. Finally, the proposed method is verified by MATLAB software and hardware circuit experiments.
Feasibility Study of Point Type Equipment for Detecting Train Transponder System
Authors: Chen Fei , Lv Jingyang
Published: May 2019

In the development of railway transportation, safety has always been the most concerned issue. Balise is the core content of high-speed railway train control system, it is one of the most basic unit of information storage and transmission, control and status information necessary for the train. It is affected by many factors in the process of operation, so it is unavoidable to have problems of malfunction. At present, staff are required to operate the transponder to repair or update message information. In order to meet the needs of daily maintenance, the scheme of reading and writing operation of transponder by dynamic train detection is proposed and its feasibility is analyzed. This paper designs the software part of the mobile detection system by analyzing the working status information of different versions of transponders and tests it. The test results show that the dynamic reading and writing operation scheme is feasible.
The Location of Electric Vehicle Charging Station Based on TLBO Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Jinlei Hu , Yunlian Sun , Junwei Yu , Jue Lu , Qiwu Zou , Xinlin Xie , Bin Fu
Published: May 2019

With the large-scale application of electric vehicles, the construction of electric vehicle charging stations has become a prerequisite for urgent needs. In this paper, TLBO optimization algorithm is proposed. The optimal model of the location and the constant volume of the charging station is established based on the weighted distance and minimum distance from the user to the charging station. Based on the layout of the district network in the planning area, the construction plan of the electric vehicle charging station in the planning area is studied. Through a case study of a planning area, the results show that the TLBO optimization algorithm is applied to the location and constant volume of electric vehicle charging stations, with accurate calculation, rapid convergence, and good global optimization performance.
Design of Digital Control Phase-Shifting Full-Bridge Switching Power Supply
Authors: He Hucheng , Liu Yanzhao , Wang Chao , Zhang Chenyang
Published: May 2019

With the development of switching power supply towards miniaturization and high efficiency, digital and soft switching technology has become the research focus of switching power supply. Phase-shifted full-bridge DC/DC converter is commonly used in medium and high power applications due to its advantages of low switching loss, high efficiency and low output current ripple. Based on the existing switching power supply and digital control technology, a digital control phase-shifting full-bridge switching power supply is designed. Its output voltage ranges from 0 to 12 V.The output current ranges from 0 to 50 A. The voltage and current level can be adjusted according to the user’s power demand, and the output mode of steady voltage or steady current can be set. The parallel operation of multiple power supply is realized by RS485 communication protocol.
A New Principle of Breaker Failure Protection Based on Station Information Sharing
Authors: Pan Yong , Han Wei , Geng Jinfeng , Liu Yao
Published: May 2019

In the case of terminal fault of long line, the failure protection of traditional circuit breaker has the problem of refusing to operate due to the insufficient sensitivity of voltage locking elements. A new circuit breaker failure protection scheme based on station area information sharing is proposed in this paper. The new scheme will replace the protection export signal with the actual protection criterion. In addition, it sets up two current transformers to detect whether the breaker is cut off after the circuit breaker is cut off, and checks the redundant current of the bus, which can improve the accuracy of the current detection. Besides, it uses reclosing checkout voltage device signal to supplement the original compound blocking signal. Theoretical analysis and simulation results show that the scheme can effectively cover the full length of the transmission line and has high reliability.
Research on the forward distance detection algorithm based on the camera switching
Authors: Chen MengYuan , Tian Dehong , Xiao Xiao , Bian ChengYuan
Published: May 2019

In order to promote vehicle active safety and to decrease collision accident, In this paper, an algorithm for detection of vehicle distance in front based on single and double camera switching is presented. This algorithm has done the corresponding difference processing to the day and night two different situations. By switching between single and double cameras, the image of the car bottom shadow, the characteristics of the vertical direction of the vehicle, the characteristics of the car taillight and other features was taken, and the position of the vehicle in front was locked. Finally, the feature information of the vehicle is converted into the distance information. Experiments show that, this system designed in the paper, achieved the anticipated function, can accurately detect multi-lane and short distance vehicle distance, and the efficiency of the system also achieved the real-time requirement.
Design of Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network Based on Dimensionality Reduction Module
Authors: Zhou Yue , Feng Yanyan , Zeng Shangyou , Pan Bing
Published: May 2019

The traditional CNN extracted image features is insufficient, so the classification accuracy is not ideal. It also brought overmuch model parameters and calculation. Based on these problems, this paper proposes a dimension reduction residual module. First, reducing the dimension of the output feature map. Then, feature extraction used two different sets of convolution kernels. It can get more sufficient and different characteristic information. Two sets constitute the cascaded layer. Finally, the cascaded layer act as the input of the next layer. This module can reduce parameters. Meanwhile, it increases the depth of the network and enriches the diversity of feature acquisition. A new convolution neural network is build through this module. The performance of new network and other recognition algorithms is compared on GTSRB and 101_food datasets. The new network model is reduced to about 6.2MB, and the classification accuracy can reach 98.2% on GTSRB, 72.3% on 101_food. The experimental results show that this module can effectively improve network performance and control model size.
Design and Implementation of an Intelligent Operation and Maintenance Management Cloud Platform for Green Buildings Group
Authors: Chenfei Qu , Donglin Wang , Wenxia Liu , Pengcheng Zhao
Published: May 2019

In recent years, green buildings have developed rapidly in China, but there are still many problems in its operation and maintenance management, it is difficult to meet the requirements of green buildings’ operation. In view of the complexity of space, function and management mode, the problem of the operation and maintenance management of green buildings is more prominent. An intelligent operation and maintenance management cloud platform for green buildings of group-company was designed and implemented based on IOT technology in this paper. The platform can significantly reduce the difficulty of the operation and maintenance management of green building groups and reduce the number of operation and maintenance personnel and energy consumption, and reduce operating costs.
Face Image Manipulation Detection
Authors: Wen Lilong , Xu Dan
Published: May 2019

This paper proposes a CNN-based (Convolutional Neural Network based) network to detect altered face picture, which can cover the most common face swap methods. The network uses an autoencoder which is pre-trained on the original images to reconstruct the input images. The reconstructed one and the input image are then processed by the SRM filter which can extract the noise distribution of images. We then feed the minus result of two processed results into a CNN architecture to predict whether the input image is original or tampered. The model was trained and evaluated in FaceForensics dataset and state-of-art face swap method. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our network.
Fast Implementation of Image Structural Similarity Algorithm
Authors: Xu Yiwen , Zhuang Zhongwen , Li Weimeng , Fanga Ying
Published: May 2019

The traditional Structural SIMilarity (SSIM) index has higher computation complexity compared with Peak-Signal-to-Noise-Ratio (PSNR). In order to solve this problem, we propose a two-stage optimization algorithm to reduce the computation complexity of SSIM. First, floating-point operations in the calculation process of SSIM are converted to fixed-point ones. Then, the repeated calculation rule of the iteration operation in SSIM is analyzed and the repeated operations are subsequently removed via modifying SSIM calculation method. Experiment results show that, in comparison with the original SSIM algorithm, the proposed algorithm obtains 24.12% of computation time reduction with negligible accuracy decrease.
Empowering statistical methods for cellular and molecular biologists
Authors: Pollard Daniel A. , Pollard Thomas D. , Pollard Katherine S.
Published: May 2019

We provide guidelines for using statistical methods to analyze the types of experiments reported in cellular and molecular biology journals such as Molecular Biology of the Cell. Our aim is to help experimentalists use these methods skillfully, avoid mistakes, and extract the maximum amount of information from their laboratory work. We focus on comparing the average values of control and experimental samples. A Supplemental Tutorial provides examples of how to analyze experimental data using R software.
Forceful closure: cytoskeletal networks in embryonic wound repair
Authors: Rothenberg Katheryn E. , Fernandez-Gonzalez Rodrigo
Published: May 2019

Embryonic tissues heal wounds rapidly and without scarring, in a process conserved across species and driven by collective cell movements. The mechanisms of coordinated cell movement during embryonic wound closure also drive tissue development and cancer metastasis; therefore, embryonic wound repair has received considerable attention as a model of collective cell migration. During wound closure, a supracellular actomyosin cable at the wound edge coordinates cells, while actin-based protrusions contribute to cell crawling and seamless wound healing. Other cytoskeletal networks are reorganized during wound repair: microtubules extend into protrusions and along cell–cell boundaries as cells stretch into damaged regions, septins accumulate at the wound margin, and intermediate filaments become polarized in the cells adjacent to the wound. Thus, diverse cytoskeletal networks work in concert to maintain tissue structure, while also driving and organizing cell movements to promote rapid repair. Understanding the signals that coordinate the dynamics of different cytoskeletal networks, and how adhesions between cells or with the extracellular matrix integrate forces across cells, will be important to elucidate the mechanisms of efficient embryonic wound healing and may have far-reaching implications for developmental and cancer cell biology.
The knowledge norm of blaming
Authors: Kelp Christoph
Published: May 2019

This paper argues that the standard evidence for the knowledge norm of assertion can be extended to provide evidence for a corresponding knowledge norm of blame.
Propofol-induced loss of consciousness is associated with a decrease in thalamocortical connectivity in humans
Authors: Malekmohammadi Mahsa , Price Collin M , Hudson Andrew E , DiCesare Jasmine A T , Pouratian Nader
Published: May 2019

It is unclear how anaesthesia affects activity across brain networks. Using local field potentials recorded directly from the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus and frontoparietal cortex in patients undergoing DBS surgery, Malekmohammadi et al. report the breakdown of α functional thalamocortical connectivity under propofol anaesthesia despite local power increases.