bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 Transmission from Virus-Infected Dead Hamsters
Authors: Iwatsuki-Horimoto Kiyoko , Ueki Hiroshi , Ito Mutsumi , Nagasawa Sayaka , Hirata Yuichiro , Hashizume Kenichiro , Ushiwata Kazuho , Iwase Hirotaro , Makino Yohsuke , Ushiku Tetsuo , Akitomi Shinji , Imai Masaki , Saitoh Hisako , Kawaoka Yoshihiro
Published: January 2023

We found that SARS-CoV-2 could be transmitted from a dead body, presumably via postmortem gases. However, we also found that postmortem care, such as plugging the pharynx, nostrils, and rectum or embalming the corpse, could prevent transmission from the dead body. These results indicate that protection from infection is essential when handling infected corpses and that appropriate care of SARS-CoV-2-infected corpses is important.
Microbiome Signature of Endophytes in Wheat Seed Response to Wheat Dwarf Bunt Caused by Tilletia controversa Kühn
Authors: Ren Zhaoyu , Chen Amanda Juan , Zong Qianqian , Du Zhenzhen , Guo Qingyuan , Liu Taiguo , Chen Wanquan , Gao Li
Published: January 2023

This is the first study on the microbiome signature of endophytes in wheat seed response to wheat dwarf bunt caused by
Tilletia controversa
Kühn. Some antagonistic microbes suppressed the germination of teliospores of the pathogen significantly, which will provide clues for future studies against wheat dwarf bunt. Collectively, this research first advances the understanding of the microbial assembly of wheat seed upon exposure to the fungal pathogen (
T. controversa
) infection.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv1324 Protein Contributes to Mycobacterial Persistence and Causes Pathological Lung Injury in Mice by Inducing Ferroptosis
Authors: Shi Xiaoxia , Li Chunyu , Cheng Lin , Ullah Hayan , Sha Shanshan , Kang Jian , Ma Xiaochi , Ma Yufang
Published: January 2023

The intracellular survival of
M. tuberculosis
(Mtb) plays a crucial role in its pathogenesis, which depends on various Mtb oxidoreductases that are resistant to reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) that are generated by the host during Mtb infection. Secretory protein Rv1324 is a potential virulence factor of Mtb and is a possible thioredoxin that has oxidoreductase activity against ROS and RNS during Mtb infection.
Riboflavin Targets the Cellular Metabolic and Ribosomal Pathways of Candida albicans
In Vitro
and Exhibits Efficacy against Oropharyngeal Candidiasis
Authors: Lei Junwen , Huang Jian , Xin Caiyan , Liu Fangyan , Zhang Jinping , Xie Yuxin , Mao Yingyu , Chen Wenbi , Song Zhangyong
Published: January 2023

Candida
species are common pathogens in fungal infections, causing mucosal infection and invasive infection in immunodeficient patients. Given the limited classes of drugs and resistance to these drugs, new antifungal agents need to be developed.
Pestalotioid Species Associated with Medicinal Plants in Southwest China and Thailand
Authors: Sun Y. R. , Jayawardena R. S. , Sun J. E. , Wang Y.
Published: January 2023

Pestalotioid species are an important fungal group, occurring commonly as plant pathogens, endophytes, and saprophytes. The study of pestalotioid species associated with medicinal plants is significant for agriculture, industry, and pharmaceutical industry but remains poorly studied.
The Virome of Bats Inhabiting Brazilian Biomes: Knowledge Gaps and Biases towards Zoonotic Viruses
Authors: Wallau Gabriel Luz , Barbier Eder , Tomazatos Alexandru , Schmidt-Chanasit Jonas , Bernard Enrico
Published: January 2023

Bat-borne viruses have attracted much attention due to zoonotic outbreaks with large consequences to humans. Because of that, virus characterization in bats has been prioritized in tropical regions of the globe.
Control of Cell Size by c-di-GMP Requires a Two-Component Signaling System in the Cyanobacterium
Anabaena
sp. Strain PCC 7120
Authors: Sun Qin-Xue , Huang Min , Zhang Ju-Yuan , Zeng Xiaoli , Zhang Cheng-Cai
Published: January 2023

Cyanobacteria are considered the first organisms to produce oxygen on Earth, and their activities shaped the evolution of our ecosystems. Cell size is an important trait fixed early in evolution, with the diversification of micro- and macrocyanobacterial species during the Great Oxidation Event.
Regulation of Helicobacter pylori Urease and Acetone Carboxylase Genes by Nitric Oxide and the CrdRS Two-Component System
Authors: Allen Madison G. , Bate Miranda Y. , Tramonte Lauren M. , Avalos Emely Y. , Loh John , Cover Timothy L. , Forsyth Mark H.
Published: January 2023

The molecular strategies used by
Helicobacter pylori
to colonize and persist in the harsh environment of the human stomach are a critical area of study. Our study identified several genes in this gastric pathogen, including
ureA
, a gene encoding a protein essential to the survival of
H. pylori
, that are regulated via the CrdRS two-component system (TCS) in response to nitric oxide (NO).
Acute ischaemia of the glans penis post-circumcision managed with pentoxifylline, topical nitroglycerin and epidural
Authors: Carlaw Kirsten , Chia Daniel , Allaway Matthew , Harvey John
Published: January 2023

Acute ischaemia of the glans penis is a rare and serious complication following circumcision. We report the case of a teenage boy with glanular ischaemia shortly after circumcision with dorsal penile nerve block. This was successfully treated with total 11 days of topical 2% nitroglycerin ointment, 14 days of oral pentoxifylline 400 mg three times a day and 3 days of epidural (0.2% ropivocaine). There was marked clinical improvement at 4 days with a few patches of cyanosis remaining. Surgical intervention was not required, and the patient was discharged with follow-up review. At 12 days, there was complete resolution of ischaemia and the glans penis appeared normal. We suggest that oral, topical and epidural regimen of vasodilators and anti-sympathomimetic agents can be used in combination for acute ischaemia of the glans penis.
Mindful SensoriMotor Therapy combined with brain modulation for the treatment of pain in individuals with disarticulation or nerve injuries: a single-arm clinical trial
Authors: Damercheli Shahrzad , Buist Mirka , Ortiz-Catalan Max
Published: January 2023

Introduction

Neuropathic pain is a complex and demanding medical condition that is often difficult to treat. Regardless of the cause, the impairment, lesion or damage to the nervous system can lead to neuropathic pain, such as phantom limb pain (PLP). No treatment has been found widely effective for PLP, but plasticity-guided therapies have shown the least severe side effects in comparison to pharmacological or surgical interventions. Phantom motor execution (PME) is a plasticity-guided intervention that has shown promising results in alleviating PLP. The potential mechanism underlying the effectiveness of PME can be explained by the Stochastic Entanglement hypothesis for neurogenesis of neuropathic pain resulting from sensorimotor impairment. We have built on this hypothesis to investigate the efficacy of enhancing PME interventions by using phantom motor imagery to facilitate execution and with the addition of sensory training. We refer to this new treatment concept as Mindful SensoriMotor Therapy (MiSMT). In this study, we further complement MiSMT with non-invasive brain modulation, specifically transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), for the treatment of neuropathic pain in patients with disarticulation or peripheral nerve injury.

Methods and analysis

This single-arm clinical trial investigates the efficacy of MiSMT and tDCS as a treatment of neuropathic pain resulting from highly impaired extremity or peripheral nerve injury in eight participants. The study consists of 12 sessions of MiSMT with anodal tDCS in the motor cortex, pretreatment and post-treatment assessments, and follow-up sessions (up to 6 months). The primary outcome is the change in pain intensity as measured by the Pain Rating Index between the first and last treatment sessions.

Ethics and dissemination

The study is performed under the approval of the governing ethical committee in Sweden (approval number 2020-07157) and in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.

Trial registration number

NCT04897425.
Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes mediate complete and durable remission in a patient with NY-ESO-1 expressing prostate cancer
Authors: Karbach Julia , Kiselicki Dragan , Brand Kathrin , Wahle Claudia , Sinelnikov Evgueni , Gustavus Dirk , Hoffmeister Hans , Prisack Hans-Bernd , Atmaca Akin , Jäger Elke
Published: January 2023

Adoptive transfer of autologous tumor-specific lymphocytes represents a viable treatment method for patients with advanced malignancies. Here, we report a patient’s case with metastatic hormone-refractory New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) expressing prostate cancer treated with in vitro expanded tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in conjunction with IL-2 and immune-checkpoint blockade. Complete and durable tumor remission was observed after three TIL infusions consisting of 1.4×109, 2.0×109, and 8.0×109T cells, respectively, lasting now for more than 3.5 years. Immunological correlates to the clinical development were the decrease of tumor-driven NY-ESO-1 serum antibody and the drop of prostate-specific antigen to <0.01 µg/L. TILs were reactive against cancer-testis antigen NY-ESO-1, individual tumor mutational proteins (eg, PRPF8, TRPS1), and the androgen receptor splice variant 12.
Zilver stent versus Carotid Wallstent for endovascular treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension
Authors: Bilgin Cem , Oliver Alexander A , Cutsforth-Gregory Jeremy K , Chen John J , Rammos Stylianos K , Cloft Harry J , Lanzino Giuseppe , Kallmes David F , Brinjikji Waleed
Published: January 2023

Background

Venous sinus stenting (VSS) is a promising treatment option for medically refractory idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH). There are no published studies comparing the performance of different types of stents employed in VSS procedures. In this study we aimed to compare the safety and efficacy outcomes of the Zilver 518 (Cook Medical, Bloomington, Indiana, USA) and the Carotid Wallstent (Boston Scientific, Marlborough, Massachusetts, USA) devices.

Methods

Records of patients with IIH who underwent VSS between January 2015 and February 2022 at a single referral center were retrospectively reviewed. Patients treated with the Zilver stent or Carotid Wallstent were included in the study. Stent model and size data, pre- and post-treatment pressure gradients, technical and safety outcomes, and pre- and post- stenting papilledema, headache, and tinnitus severity were collected. The χ2and Fisher–Freeman–Halton tests were used for categorical data and the Student’s t-test and Mann–Whitney U test were employed to examine the differences in non-categorical variables.

Results

A total of 81 procedures (28 (34.5%) with the Zilver stent and 53 (65.5%) with the Carotid Wallstent) were performed in 76 patients. The mean procedure time was significantly shorter with the Zilver stent (22.56±10.2 vs 33.9±15 min, p=0.001). The papilledema improvement and resolution rates did not significantly differ between groups (94.7% vs 94.5%, p>0.99 for improvement; 78.9% vs 67.5%, p=0.37 for resolution). The tinnitus improvement and resolution rates in the Zilver stent group were significantly higher than those of the Carotid Wallstent group (100% vs 78.9%, p=0.041; 90% vs 63.1%, p=0.03, respectively). Additionally, the Zilver stent provided a significantly higher rate of headache resolution and improvement than the Carotid Wallstent (84.6% vs 27.6%, p=0.001 for resolution; 92.3% vs 72.3%, p=0.043 for improvement). One patient from the Carotid Wallstent group underwent re-stenting due to in-stent stenosis and refractory papilledema. No significant in-stent stenosis was observed in the Zilver stent group.

Conclusion

Stent choice may affect VSS outcomes. The Zilver stent provided better clinical outcomes than the Carotid Wallstent, with significantly shorter procedure times. Larger studies are needed to determine the efficacy of available venous stents for IIH.
Tobacco endgame intervention impacts on health gains and Māori:non-Māori health inequity: a simulation study of the Aotearoa/New Zealand Tobacco Action Plan
Authors: Ait Ouakrim Driss , Wilson Tim , Waa Andrew , Maddox Raglan , Andrabi Hassan , Mishra Shiva Raj , Summers Jennifer A , Gartner Coral E , Lovett Raymond , Edwards Richard , Wilson Nick , Blakely Tony
Published: January 2023

Background

The Aotearoa/New Zealand Government is aiming to end the tobacco epidemic and markedly reduce Māori:non-Māori health inequalities by legislating: (1) denicotinisation of retail tobacco, (2) 95% reduction in retail outlets and (c) a tobacco free-generation whereby people born after 2005 are unable to legally purchase tobacco. This paper estimates future smoking prevalence, mortality inequality and health-adjusted life year (HALY) impacts of these strategies.

Methods

We used a Markov model to estimate future yearly smoking and vaping prevalence, linked to a proportional multistate life table model to estimate future mortality and HALYs.

Results

The combined package of strategies (plus media promotion) reduced adult smoking prevalence from 31.8% in 2022 to 7.3% in 2025 for Māori, and 11.8% to 2.7% for non-Māori. The 5% smoking prevalence target was forecast to be achieved in 2026 and 2027 for Māori males and females, respectively.

The HALY gains for the combined package over the population’s remaining lifespan were estimated to be 594 000 (95% uncertainty interval (UI): 443 000 to 738 000; 3% discount rate). Denicotinisation alone achieved 97% of these HALYs, the retail strategy 19% and tobacco-free generation 12%.

By 2040, the combined package was forcat to reduce the gap in Māori:non-Māori all-cause mortality rates for people 45+ years old by 22.9% (95% UI: 19.9% to 26.2%) for females and 9.6% (8.4% to 11.0%) for males.

Conclusion

A tobacco endgame strategy, especially denicotinisation, could deliver large health benefits and dramatically reduce health inequities between Māori and non-Māori in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
Trophic position variability of European sardine by compound-specific stable isotope analyses
Authors: Giménez Joan , Albo-Puigserver Marta , Laiz-Carrión Raúl , Lloret-Lloret Elena , Bellido José María , Coll Marta
Published: January 2023

The study of the trophic position (TP) of organisms is crucial to understand the trophodynamics of ecosystems. The European sardine from the western Mediterranean has been highly exploited during the last decades and has shown an important population decline. To determine the TP, we quantified seasonal nitrogen stable isotope (δ15N) values of compound-specific stable isotope analysis of amino acids (CSIA-AA), as well as bulk δ15N (SIA-bulk) values in muscle from three areas of the north-western Mediterranean. Our results highlight that, despite observing latitudinal changes in nitrogen SIA-bulk, the TP of sardine remains similar between sites. These results suggest that changes in nitrogen SIA-bulk are mainly driven by changes in the isotopic ratio of the baseline. Furthermore, the seasonal nitrogen variation in SIA-bulk is linked to differences in the isotopic baseline of the pelagic food web observed in the source AAs. Using CSIA-AA allowed us to decouple the variation in the baseline from the trophic variation producing robust TP estimates. Without using CSIA-AA, the interpretation of nitrogen SIA-bulk was hampered by the lack of a proper regional baseline of the primary producers.
Assessing the impacts of mining activities on fish health in Northern Québec
Authors: Fontaine Anthony , Martyniuk Mackenzie Anne Clifford , Garnier Camille , Couture Patrice
Published: January 2023

For several decades, Northern Québec has been exploited by mining companies for its mineral resources, yet, research documenting the effects of toxic stress on fish health in subarctic environments remains limited. In this study, one lake directly affected by mining activities in the Schefferville area, two lakes close to mining facilities in the Fermont and Schefferville areas, and one reference lake were sampled for water, sediment, and fish. Our results suggest that manganese bioaccumulation induced an oxidative stress in Catostominæ, as demonstrated by the positive relationships between manganese concentrations and catalase (CAT) activity and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentrations, as well as the negative relationship with glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity (both CAT and GPx activities being biomarkers of antioxidant capacities and 8-OHdG an indicator of deoxyribonucleic acid oxidative damage). Similarly, selenium bioaccumulation was positively correlated with 8-OHdG concentrations in Salmoninæ. These results suggest a prooxidant role of excess selenium and manganese, and highlight the interspecific variability of fish responses to contaminated areas around historical and current iron ore mining operations.
USING DEEP LEARNING TECHNOLOGY FOR HEALTHCARE APPLICATIONS IN INTERNET OF THINGS SENSOR MONITORING SYSTEM
Authors: WU GUANQAUN , ZENG DESHENG , CHEN RONGLI , ZHAO DONG MIN , GE DAN , CHEN XIAOZHONG
Published: January 2023

A healthcare management platform for a personal wearable device can be set up in an app on a mobile phone or on a platform in a smart classroom. However, a large number of Internet of Things (IoT) devices being simultaneously connected to a central management server may negatively affect the server. Combining an IoT platform with deep learning technology facilitates monitoring the state of the input device, allowing for corresponding adjustments. The operation consists of collecting sensor data, optimizing the dataset using deep learning models, and integrating the deep learning model with the IoT platform. To optimize the data, noise data from human factors must be eliminated. Through a re-evaluation of the deep learning results, data with known errors are removed and data with higher accuracy are added. The optimized dataset can be used to construct a higher accuracy model and integrate it into the IoT platform. The IoT platform can analyze outputs through the deep learning model. The results show that the current status of each device can be identified. This is helpful for the user of a healthcare applications system.
An analytical approach for the fractional-order Hepatitis B model using new operator
Authors: Ghosh Surath
Published: January 2023

In this work, the main goal is to implement Homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) involving Katugampola fractional operator. As an example, a fractional order Hepatitis model is considered to analyze the solutions. At first, the integer order model is converted to fractional order model in Caputo sense. Then, the new operator Katugampola fractional derivative is used to present the model. The new such kind of operator is illustrated in Caputo sense. HPTM is described to get the solution of the proposed model using the new kind of operator. Also, there are some analyses about the new kind of operator to prove the efficiency of the operator.
Study of Turing patterns in a SI reaction-diffusion propagation system based on network and non-network environments
Authors: Tang Yuxuan , Shen Shuling , Zhu Linhe
Published: January 2023

The study of rumor propagation dynamics is of great significance to reduce false news and ensure the authenticity of news information. In this paper, a SI reaction-diffusion rumor propagation model with nonlinear saturation incidence is studied. First, through stability analysis, we obtain the conditions for the existence and local stability of the positive equilibrium point. By selecting suitable variable as the control parameter, the critical value of Turing bifurcation and the existence theorem of Turing bifurcation are obtained. Then, using the above theorem and multi-scale standard analysis, the expression of amplitude equation around Turing bifurcation point is obtained. By analyzing the amplitude equation, different types of Turing pattern are divided such as uniform steady-state mode, hexagonal mode, stripe mode and mixed structure mode. Further, in the numerical simulation part, by observing different patterns corresponding to different values of control variable, the correctness of the theory is verified. Finally, the effects of different network structures on patterns are investigated. The results show that there are significant differences in the distribution of users on different network structures.
Study of the dependence of the ZT figure of merit on doping and temperature of ZnO
Authors: Khuili Mohamed , Saadi Hajar , Fazouan Nejma , Sadiki Yassine , Al-Qaisi Samah , Atmani El Houssine , Abba El Hassan
Published: January 2023

In this study, we have calculated thermoelectric properties as a function of temperature and doping of the most stable phases of ZnO using first-principle calculations combined with semi-classical equation of Boltzmann. The nature of electrical conductivity is determined; the coefficient of Seebeck and figure of merit as a function of a charge carrier concentration of three structures studied are calculated. At high doping concentration, the rocksalt phase shows the best figure of merit.
Modern biogeography of benthic foraminifera in an urbanized tropical marine ecosystem
Authors: Mamo Briony L. , Cybulski Jonathan D. , Hong Yuanyuan , Harnik Paul G. , Chao Anne , Tsujimoto Akira , Wei Chih-Lin , Baker David M. , Yasuhara Moriaki
Published: January 2023

We investigated the biogeography of benthic foraminifera in a highly urbanized tropical seascape, i.e. Hong Kong, in order to assess their utility as bioindicators relative to other marine fauna. Hong Kong is one of the largest coastal cities on the planet and studies of other benthic fauna in the region are available for comparison. We found that: (1) turbid, muddy habitats host a unique foraminiferal fauna; (2) areas with intermediate levels of eutrophication have the highest foraminiferal species diversity; (3) semi-enclosed and heavily polluted environments host a distinct foraminiferal fauna, characterized by low taxonomic diversity and/or high dominance, and that is acclimated to stressful marine conditions. Biodiversity patterns of foraminifera in Hong Kong are generally consistent with those of other soft-sediment macro- and meio-fauna (e.g. polychaetes, molluscs and ostracods); however, foraminifera may be more sensitive than these other groups to eutrophication and associated changes in coastal food webs. The tolerance of some, but not other, species to eutrophic and hypoxic conditions means that foraminiferal faunas can serve as bioindicators across a wide array of environmental conditions, in contrast with corals whose sensitivity to eutrophication results in their absence from eutrophied settings. The well-known autoecology of foraminifera taxa can help to characterize environmental conditions of different habitats and regional environmental gradients. Although the use of fauna as bioindicators may be most robust when data are compared for multiple taxonomic groups, when such broad sampling is not available, benthic foraminifera are particularly well suited for environmental assessments due to their ubiquity, interspecific environmental breadth, and the well-understood environmental preference of individual taxa.
Assembly and Architecture of NLR Resistosomes and Inflammasomes
Authors: Hu Zehan , Chai Jijie
Published: January 2023

Nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NLR) proteins are critical intracellular immune receptors in both animals and plants. Perception of pathogen-derived or stress-associated signals induces NLR oligomerization to form multiprotein complexes called inflammasomes in animals or resistosomes in plants to mediate host immune response. Significant progress has been made during the past few years in our understanding of NLR biology, particularly the structural perspective of these two types of NLR-containing complexes. In this article, we review the latest advances in our structural knowledge of how NLR inflammasomes and resistosomes are activated and assembled and how the structural information provides insight into their distinct mechanisms of action. Commonalities and differences between NLR inflammasomes and resistosomes are also discussed.
Critical Assessment of Methods for Predicting the 3D Structure of Proteins and Protein Complexes
Authors: Wodak Shoshana J. , Vajda Sandor , Lensink Marc F. , Kozakov Dima , Bates Paul A.
Published: January 2023

Advances in a scientific discipline are often measured by small, incremental steps. In this review, we report on two intertwined disciplines in the protein structure prediction field, modeling of single chains and modeling of complexes, that have over decades emulated this pattern, as monitored by the community-wide blind prediction experiments CASP and CAPRI. However, over the past few years, dramatic advances were observed for the accurate prediction of single protein chains, driven by a surge of deep learning methodologies entering the prediction field. We review the mainscientific developments that enabled these recent breakthroughs and feature the important role of blind prediction experiments in building up and nurturing the structure prediction field. We discuss how the new wave of artificial intelligence–based methods is impacting the fields of computational and experimental structural biology and highlight areas in which deep learning methods are likely to lead to future developments, provided that major challenges are overcome.
Environmental Justice: Where It Has Been, and Where It Might Be Going
Authors: Chowkwanyun Merlin
Published: January 2023

Taking stock of environmental justice (EJ) is daunting. It is at once a scholarly field, an ongoing social movement, and an administrative imperative adopted by government agencies and incorporated into legislation. Moreover, within academia, it is multidisciplinary and multimethodological, comprising scholars who do not always speak to one another. Any review of EJ is thus necessarily restrictive.

This article explores several facets of EJ activism. One is its coalitional and “inside-outside” orientation. EJ activists are constantly forming alliances with other stakeholders, but these coalitions do not flout the importance of engaging with formal institutions. The review next turns to one set of such institutions—the courts and regulatory agencies—to see how well EJ claims have fared there. I then survey scientific findings that have been influenced by EJ. The review concludes with future directions for activists and scholars to consider: the changing nature of EJ coalitions, fragmentation within EJ and with other fields, the historical roots of environmental injustice, and opportunities for stronger infusion of the EJ lens.
Ultrasound-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction and Bioactivity Analysis of Polypeptides from Cordyceps militaris
Authors: Xu Lina , Guo Shang , Li Yanting , Guo Weiwei , Guo Xiaofei , Hong Shasha
Published: January 2023

Cordyceps militaris is rich in protein, polysaccharide, cordycepin, and other active components, with anticancer and antioxidation functions. In order to improve the economic value of C. militaris, the protein was extracted from its fruiting body by alkali-soluble acid precipitation process, and the extraction technology was optimized by orthogonal test. The polypeptide was obtained by digesting those proteins with a complex enzyme. And the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of those polypeptides were evaluated by measuring inhibitory zone and cytotoxicity. The results showed that the optimal extraction conditions of protein were as follows: pH of 8.5, material-to-water ratio of 1 : 28, extraction time of 3.5 h, extraction three times, and the highest protein yield was 45.06%. The optimum enzymatic hydrolysis process of C. militaris polypeptide solution was as follows: the ratio of alkaline protease to papain was 4 : 3, the optimum temperature was 55°C, pH was 7.2, the enzyme dosage was 7000 U/mL, the enzymolysis time was 3.5 h, and the highest yield of peptide was 16.73%. Under those conditions, the polypeptides prepared from C. militaris (<3000 Da) showed good antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus, with inhibitory zones of (12.08 ± 0.22), (6.67 ± 0.12), and (10.32 ± 0.23) mm, respectively. The results showed that the SAO-S (IC50 = 0.49 mg/L) and T24 (IC50 = 0.23 mg/L) were significantly inhibited by C. militaris polypeptide. Results from this study suggest that polypeptides can be utilized as a new approach for bioactive compounds production from C. militaris.
Damping of Low-Frequency Oscillations in a Power System, Based on Multiple-Model Optimal Control Strategy
Authors: Pagard Elahe , Shojaeian Shahrokh , Rezaei Mohammad Mahdi
Published: January 2023

This paper proposes a new control strategy based on multimodel linear optimization control (MMLOC) to damp power system low-frequency oscillations (LFO) faster. The multimodel control strategy is used to anticipate synchronous generator dynamic behavior and linear optimization control for generating a control signal uncomplicatedly. The third-order model of synchronous machine is considered for each of the models. The probability of each model’s validity is evaluated from the difference between model outputs and the same actual power system outputs via the Bayesian approach. To improve the postfault dynamics of the case study power system, which contains a static VAR compensator, a linear optimal controller (LOC) is designed. The 8th order model of the machines is used in simulations to represent the plant as accurately as possible.
Training Management on Training Effectiveness and Teaching Creativity in the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Tamsah Hasmin , Yusriadi Yusriadi , Hasbi Hasbi , Haris Abdul , Ajanil Bemnet
Published: January 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic makes it difficult for the teaching and learning process to be conducted freely using all learning modes due to the limited interaction between teachers and students by distance. Therefore, teachers must creatively utilize various learning models to ensure students are properly taught during the pandemic. In this regard, this study aims to elaborate on the relationship between training management, effectiveness, and its impact on the teaching creativity of public teachers from kindergarten to upper secondary level. This is an online quantitative survey with a sample of state-funded teachers consisting of civil, honorary, and contract teachers. These three types of teachers were included in the category of teachers of the State Civil Apparatus. The accidental sampling technique was used to obtain data from 405 respondents through the questionnaire distribution for a month. This was greater than the initial target of 200 people as a condition for the eligibility of the number of respondents when using structural equation modeling (SEM)—AMOS analysis. A total of four hypotheses were proposed in this study, with three accepted and one rejected. The result showed that training management contributed significantly to training effectiveness but had a minimal contribution to increasing teachers teaching creativity during the pandemic. Furthermore, training effectiveness had a significant contribution to the invention of teaching teachers and was a full mediator. This study also found the lack of references about management training and the relationships built. Proper management is a key factor in encouraging the effectiveness of activity, but it is unable to improve the creativity of teaching teachers directly. The role of training effectiveness was significant because it increases the contribution of training management to teacher teaching creativity. This research also showed that the training carried out on ASN only be successful with good management. The effectiveness of teachers teaching creativity can only be increased through training, especially during a pandemic.
Investigation on the Regional Distribution of the Development of Chinese Social Organization Standards and the Promotion of Quality Improvement in Related Industries
Authors: Wu Linfeng , Liu Peng
Published: January 2023

Based on the query data of the national social organization standard information platform, the registration of Chinese social organizations on the national social organization standard information platform and the publication of social organization standards in recent six years are counted, and the correlation is compared with the population of provinces and cities in China, the innovation ability index, GDP, and the national invention patents. The experience of social organization standardization management in the United States and Germany is briefly analyzed. This paper discusses the current situation of the development of Chinese social organization standards and the problems existing in the development process and puts forward suggestions on the management of social organization standardization, in order to provide management suggestions for the high‐quality development of China’s industry.
The Utility of the Ultrasound “Superimposed-Line” Sign at the Junction of the Vomer and Maxilla in First-Trimester Screening for Fetal Cleft Palate: A Case-Control Study
Authors: Hu Lirong , Zhou Weichen , Ma Xiaojuan , Luo Yu , Zhou Qin
Published: January 2023

Introduction: The current retrospective case-control study evaluates the diagnostic value of screening for a fetal cleft palate by using the ultra-sound-based observation of the “superimposed-line” sign appearing at the junction of the vomer and maxilla in the first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: Retrospective analyses were performed of ultrasonographic images of nuchal translucency obtained during the first trimester of pregnancy (11–13+6 weeks) from 45 fetuses with a cleft palate later confirmed following parturition or induced labor (cases) and 4,500 normal fetuses confirmed after parturition (controls). Ultrasonographic features of the “superimposed-line” sign were observed and recorded, and between-group comparisons were performed. Results: The “superimposed-line” sign was absent in 39 cases (86.67%), including 4 (8.89%) with simple secondary hard palate cleft and 35 (77.78%) with secondary hard palate cleft complicated by a primary cleft palate. The “superimposed-line” sign was shown in 6 cases (13.33%), including 2 (4.44%) with a simple secondary soft palate cleft, 1 (2.22%) with a simple secondary bifid uvula, and 3 (6.67%) with a simple primary cleft palate. Among the 4,500 controls, 31 fetuses showed an absence of the “superimposed-line” sign (0.69%) and 4,469 showed the “superimposed-line” sign (99.31%). The between-group difference was significant (p < 0.05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the “superimposed-line” sign in the first trimester of pregnancy for predicting fetal cleft palate were 86.67% (39/45), 99.31% (4,469/4,500), 55.71% (39/70), and 99.86% (4,469/4,475), respectively. Conclusion: The “superimposed-line” sign did not appear in fetuses with secondary hard palate cleft and primary cleft palate only when a secondary hard palate cleft is present. The sign appeared in normal fetuses and those with a simple primary cleft palate, simple secondary soft palate cleft, or a simple secondary bifid uvula. Based on these results, we propose that the “superimposed-line” sign in the mid-sagittal plane of the fetal face in the first trimester of pregnancy (11–13+6 weeks) is an important tool in screening for fetal cleft palate, especially secondary hard palate cleft.
The 20-Year Trends in Caries and Associated Determinants among Adults in Post-Soviet Lithuania: Repeated Cross-Sectional Studies
Authors: Stangvaltaite-Mouhat Lina , Aleksejuniene Jolanta , Bendinskaite Ruta , Mdala Ibrahimu , Stankeviciene Indre , Puriene Alina , Skudutyte-Rysstad Rasa
Published: January 2023

Aim: The aim of the study was to examine the 20-year trend in dental caries and associated determinants among adults in Lithuania after the country restored its independence. Material and Methods: Data from two cross-sectional national surveys included samples of 35–44-year-olds (adults) and 65–74-year-olds (early elderly). The 1997/1998 survey (first survey) recruited a stratified random sample of 569 individuals from 10 selected areas in Lithuania (response rate 52%), and the 2017/2019 survey (second survey) recruited a stratified random sample of 723 individuals from 5 biggest Lithuanian cities and one randomly selected peri-urban/rural area from each of 10 Lithuanian counties (response rate 53%). The information about the social (sex, residence, education) and behavioral (toothbrushing frequency, use of fluoridated toothpaste, and last dental visit) determinants was collected via self-reports using the World Health Organization (WHO) Oral Health Questionnaire for Adults questions. Information about the fluoride level in the drinking water was retrieved from the water suppliers. Dental caries was recorded at the surface level following the WHO criteria by two calibrated examiners, one at each of the national surveys. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were used. Results: According to multivariable negative binomial regression analysis, in adults, 67% lower DS scores (IRR 0.33, 95% CI 0.26–0.42) and in early elderly 47% lower DS scores (IRR 0.53, 95% CI 0.38–0.74) were observed in the second survey. Adults in the second survey (vs. first survey) had 62% lower MT scores (IRR 0.38, 95% CI 0.32–0.46), and the early elderly had 19% lower MT scores (IRR 0.81, 95% CI 0.72–0.92). Adults in the second survey had 21% lower DMFT scores (IRR 0.79, 95% CI 0.73–0.85). The changes in behavioral determinants were observed over the 20-year period. Conclusion: An improvement in dental health during the 20-year period, mainly related to reduction in untreated caries and missing teeth, was observed in adults and early elderly. However, early elderly still had high numbers of missing teeth. The decrease in total caries experience during the 20 years was significant only in adults. Our findings support an urgent need to design and implement national oral health promotion and prevention programs with increased focus on oral self-care and fluoridated toothpaste use.
Reescrituras do corpo: memória e arquivo no processo criativo de Christina Elias
Authors: Meneghetti Maria Cristina Elias , Arantes Priscila
Published: January 2023

Neste artigo o processo de criação da artista Christina Elias é analisado a partir do conceito de reescrituras desenvolvido por Arantes (2015). A obra da artista, neste contexto, é assumida como um processo criativo em que o passado é constantemente reescrito no presente através do corpo e do texto em movimento. Criadas no espaço de passagem entre a performance, o vídeo, a instalação e objetos num processo continuado de reescritura, as obras de Elias operam em três vertentes, a saber: no processo criativo da artista, nos objetos que emergem de seus trabalhos e nos conceitos que os fundamentam. O corpo, enquanto corpo-mensagem, transforma-se neste tênue fio que amarra diferentes mídias e linguagens numa rede de sentidos sempre em transformação.
Estimated Dietary and Health Impact of the World Health Organization’s Global Sodium Benchmarks on Packaged Foods in Australia: a Modeling Study
Authors: Trieu Kathy , Coyle Daisy H. , Rosewarne Emalie , Shahid Maria , Yamamoto Rain , Nishida Chizuru , Neal Bruce , He Feng J. , Marklund Matti , Wu Jason H.Y.
Published: January 2023

Background:

In 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) set sodium benchmarks for packaged foods to guide countries in setting feasible and effective sodium reformulation programs. We modeled the dietary and health impact of full compliance with the WHO’s sodium benchmarks in Australia and compared it to the potential impact of Australia’s 2020 sodium reformulation targets.

Methods:

We used nationally representative data on food and sodium intake, sodium levels in packaged foods, and food sales volume to estimate sodium intake pre- and post-implementation of the WHO and Australia’s sodium benchmarks for 24 age-sex groups. Using comparative risk assessment models, we then estimated the potential deaths, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years averted from cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and stomach cancer based on the reductions in sodium intake.

Results:

Compliance with the WHO’s sodium benchmarks for packaged foods in Australia could lower mean adult sodium intake by 404 mg/day, corresponding to a 12% reduction. This could prevent about 1770 deaths/year (95% uncertainty interval 1168–2587), corresponding to 3% of all cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and stomach cancer deaths in Australia, and prevent some 6900 (4603–9513) new cases, and 25 700 (17 655–35 796) disability-adjusted life years/year. Compared with Australian targets, the WHO benchmarks will avert around 3 and a half times more deaths each year (1770 versus 510).

Conclusions:

Substantially greater health impact could be achieved if the Australian government strengthened its current sodium reformulation program by adopting WHO’s more stringent and comprehensive sodium benchmarks.
Burton Mack’s Challenge to the Study of Religion
Authors: Braun Willi
Published: January 2023

Burton Mack was the most influential and, perhaps, controversial scholar of the Christian bible and Christian origins of his generation. He exposed the conventional story of Christian origins as a myth that needed to be studied not on its own terms but in terms of a general theory of religion that would be useful also in the study of religions other than Christianity. This article provides a brief summary of the main features of Mack’s work for readers who are not familiar with it. Its purpose is also to be a setup for a set of essays that engage Mack in their own areas of specialization in the study of religion.
Naïve Observers and Art Experts Rate Irregular Stochastic Pictures More Dynamic and Beautiful
Authors: Perillo Giovanni , Mastandrea Stefano
Published: January 2023

Several artists, neuroscientists, and art psychologists have investigated the existence of a relationship between perceived motion and beauty in figurative and abstract paintings. In our study, we created stimulus pictures by combining the same matrices, consisting of modular stochastic polygons, to obtain regular (translational symmetry) and irregular (non-symmetry) combinations. Some of these combinations consisted of many small matrices, making it difficult to read the ‘shapes’ of stochastic polygons. Our sample consisted of both art experts and non-art experts. We hypothesised that irregular combinations, with fewer and greater numbers of the same matrices, would have stimulated more perception of motion, complexity and beauty than regular compositions. Results showed that stochastic irregular combinations are generally dynamic, more complex, and more aesthetically pleasing than stochastic regular compositions. Perhaps the greater dynamism of irregular combinations influences beauty evaluation for compositions with stochastic matrices. Research has shown that specific artistic competence influences the assessment of irregular or asymmetrical stimuli as beautiful. Our study, on the other hand, shows that irregular stochastic combinations are more beautiful for both art experts and non-experts.
Sovereign Bodies: From Turtle Island to Abya Yala
Authors: Shamash Sarah
Published: January 2023

Women’s bodies, spirits and struggles all intermingle, as underscored in a comparative, and intersectional analysis of a Brazilian and Canadian film. I put into dialogue the film Teko Haxy, Being Imperfect (2018) with the film The Body Remembers When the World Broke Open (2019). I investigate what these films communicate about their worlds; what alternative lifeways they propose; how these diverse women’s struggles interlink across ethnicities, cultures, and hemispheres. My focus is on the encounters, confrontations, and convergences between Indigenous and non-Indigenous women; between two Indigenous women from distinct class backgrounds and between intersecting Indigenous women’s struggles. Both films are representative of distinct subject positions, geo-politics, colonial processes, and cinematically divergent languages, genres, and production budgets. Nonetheless, I discuss how both films creatively make use of documentary strategies to underscore the sovereignty of Indigenous and women’s bodies as sites of power and resistance to heteropatriarchy, capitalism, and settler colonialism.
A new species of Trichosteleum (Sematophyllaceae, Bryophyta) from Brazil
Authors: EVANGELISTA-DOS-SANTOS MILENA , F. PERALTA DENILSON , DE BRITO VALENTE EMILIA , E.A.S. CÂMARA PAULO
Published: January 2023

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Why Is Climate Sensitivity for Solar Forcing Smaller than for an Equivalent CO2 Forcing?
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Bala Govindasamy , Seshadri Ashwin K.
Published: January 2023

Previous studies have shown that climate sensitivity, defined as the global mean surface temperature change per unit radiative forcing, is smaller for solar radiative forcing compared to an equivalent CO2 radiative forcing. We investigate the causes for this difference using the NCAR CAM4 model. The contributions to the climate feedback parameter, which is inversely related to climate sensitivity, are estimated for water vapor, lapse rate, Planck, albedo, and cloud feedbacks using the radiative kernel technique. The total feedback estimated for CO2 and solar radiative forcing from our model simulations is −1.23 and −1.45 W m−2 K−1, respectively. We find that the difference in feedback between the two cases is primarily due to differences in lapse rate, water vapor, and cloud feedbacks, which together explain 65% of the difference in total feedback. The rest comes from Planck and albedo feedbacks. The differences in feedbacks arise mainly from differences in the horizontal (meridional) structure of forcing and the consequent warming. Our study provides important insights into the effects of the meridional structure of forcing on climate feedback, which is important for evaluating global climate change from different forcing agents.

Significance Statement

An increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration or an increase in incoming solar radiation leads to a rise in the radiative budget and consequent climate warming, which is amplified by the presence of multiple climate feedbacks. These feedbacks, from changes in surface albedo, combined effect of water vapor and the vertical lapse rate of temperature, and changes in clouds, differ between solar and CO2 forcing. Using radiative kernels, this study quantifies these individual feedbacks for an equivalent radiative change caused by an increase in CO2 or incoming solar radiation, showing how the differences arise from differences in the meridional patterns of warming. In agreement with prior studies, these differences can explain the smaller efficacy of solar forcing compared to CO2 forcing.