bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
4XMM J182531.5−144036: A new persistent Be/X-ray binary found within the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey
Authors: Mason A.B. , Norton A.J. , Clark J.S. , Farrell S.A. , Gosling A.J.
Published: January 2024

We aim to investigate the nature of time-variable X-ray sources detected in the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey. The X-ray light curves of objects in the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey were searched for variability, and coincident serendipitous sources observed by Chandra were also investigated. Subsequent infrared spectroscopy of the counterparts to the X-ray objects that were identified using UKIDSS was carried out using ISAAC on the VLT. We found that the object 4XMM J182531.5–144036 detected in the XMM-Newton serendipitous survey in 2008 April was also detected by Chandra as CXOU J182531.4–144036 in 2004 July. Both observations reveal a hard X-ray source displaying a coherent X-ray pulsation at a period of 781 s. The source position is coincident with a

$K=14$

mag infrared object whose spectrum exhibits strong HeI and Br

$\gamma$

emission lines and an infrared excess above that of early B-type dwarf or giant stars. We conclude that 4XMM J182531.5–144036 is a Be/X-ray binary pulsar exhibiting persistent X-ray emission and is likely in a long period, low eccentricity orbit, similar to X Per.
Addressing climate change mitigation: Implications for the sustainable alternatives to plastics
Authors: Joo Sung Hee
Published: January 2024

Accumulation of plastic waste is a global issue, and plastic particles are detected in different environments. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has been attributed to significant piling up of plastic waste and debris (including micro- and nano-sized plastic particles), yet the manufacturing of plastic products is still expected to grow. With the continuation of the COVID-19 pandemic, the use and disposal of plastics has resulted in increasing plastic pollution. There has been a lack of research into the effects of climate change on microplastics and, likewise, the effects of microplastics on climate change. This article aims to examine the pros and cons of sustainable alternatives to plastics in addressing the climate change issue. Special attention is devoted to the correlation between climate change and microplastic pollution. This perspective also serves to spawn ideas for mitigating greenhouse gas emissions caused by plastics by identifying the life cycle stages of plastic production.
Incomplete milking before drying off does not impair the udder health of cows infected with minor pathogens
Authors: Müller Ute , Hefter Lisett Marie , Wedeking Sophia Dorothea , Büscher Wolfgang , Barth Kerstin
Published: January 2024

When implementing the transition from regular milk production to the dry period, drying off is mostly conducted simply by abrupt cessation of milking. Efforts to reduce milk synthesis before cessation of milking aim to reduce stress in cows as well as to lower the risk of mastitis. A previous study demonstrated that incomplete milking during the last ten days of lactation gradually reduced the milk yield of healthy, high-yielding cows. However, a reduction period of ten days might be too long for cows with lower yields. Therefore, a follow-up study was conducted on an organic dairy research farm with a lower average milk yield. We investigated whether automated incomplete milking can reduce milk synthesis within one week without impairing the health status of udder quarters infected with minor pathogens. Before drying off, 15 German-Holstein cows with 58 lactating quarters, 21 of which were infected with minor pathogens (coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CNS) and Corynebacterium bovis), were milked twice daily using the software module AutoDry (GEA Farm Technologies) with the 5%-step-down-per-day-program. The level of udder emptying was gradually reduced over 8–10 milkings beginning at a mean milk yield of 17.2 ± 4.4 kg d−1. During the last three milkings before drying off, milking clusters were automatically removed when a milk flow rate of 0.3 kg min−1 was reached. Quarter fore-milk samples were collected at two time points (14 d before and at the date of the last milking, ie drying off) and were analysed for mastitis pathogens and somatic cell count. The gradual reduced emptying of the udder induced a clear decline in milk yield by 0.8 ± 0.3 kg d−1. Within the reduction period, the somatic cell count of quarter foremilk did not change regardless of the infection status. Furthermore, no cow suffered from clinical mastitis. Thus, a reduction in milk synthesis could be achieved within less than one week before drying off without any impairment in udder health of cows, even when infected with minor mastitis pathogens.
Difficult oesophageal foreign body removal: a novel surgical approach to a complex situation
Authors: Dranova Sabina , Siddiqui Zohaib , Tobbal Muhammad , Pitkin Lisa
Published: January 2024

Background

Ingested foreign bodies pose a unique challenge in medical practice, especially when lodged in the oesophagus. While endoscopic retrieval is the standard treatment, certain cases require more innovative approaches.

Methods

This paper reports the case of a patient who intentionally ingested a butter knife that lodged in the thoracic oesophagus. After multiple endoscopic attempts, a lateral neck oesophagotomy, aided using a Hopkins rod camera and an improvised trochar as a protective port, was performed.

Results

The foreign body was successfully extracted without causing oesophageal perforation. The patient was made nil by mouth, with nasogastric feeding only until a swallow assessment after one week. The patient was discharged and recovered well.

Conclusion

This case illustrates a successful, innovative approach to removing a foreign body in a high-risk patient, highlighting the significance of adaptability in surgical practice. It emphasises the need for individualised approaches based on the patient's history, the nature and location of the foreign body, and associated risks.
Managing recurrent nosebleeds in children: a retrospective review of 718 children attending a nurse-led epistaxis clinic
Authors: Drake Ivy , Fountain Hazel , Kubba Haytham
Published: January 2024

Objective

This review assessed the effectiveness of the nurse-led children's epistaxis clinic in streamlining patient care and avoiding unnecessary general anaesthesia.

Methods

A retrospective case note review was conducted of children attending the nurse-led epistaxis clinic between 2019 and 2021.

Results

A total of 718 children were seen over three years. Twelve (1.7 per cent) had a known coagulopathy. Of the children, 590 (82 per cent) had visible vessels and 29 (4 per cent) had mucosal crusting. Silver nitrate cautery was attempted under topical anaesthesia in 481 children, with 463 (96 per cent) successful cauterisations. Fifteen (3 per cent) were cauterised under general anaesthesia. Of the children, 706 (99 per cent) were prescribed nasal antiseptic preparations; this was the sole treatment for 58 (8 per cent). Blood investigations were requested for eight children (1 per cent) and haematology referral for three (0.4 per cent).

Conclusion

This is the largest published series of children's nosebleeds. Given the short-lived benefit from cautery, it is suggested that general anaesthesia should not be offered routinely. However, improved haematology referral criteria are required to increase underlying diagnosis.
Slovenian Hopes and Plans in the Last Days of the Habsburg Monarchy
Authors: Ivašković Igor
Published: January 2024

The article analyzes Slovenian perspectives on the possible formations of a state of South Slavs from the final stages of World War I until when the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats, and Slovenians (SCS) was established in 1918. In this period, the most influential Slovenian People's Party (SLS) gradually abandoned the concept of the May Declaration and accepted the idea of unification with Serbia. Despite Slovenian parties seeming to be in harmony on this issue, significant ideological differences separated them, as reflected in the geopolitical parameters of imagined Yugoslav state ideas they envisioned. Further, dissidents from the main parties also developed alternative visions of their own. This article looks at a few of the most prominent alternatives, while determining what distinguishes them from the requirements of the May Declaration, and examines the crucial factors in Slovenians’ decision to join the state of South Slavs with Serbia and to be outside the Habsburg monarchy.
Creating shared goals and experiences as a pathway to peace
Authors: Brown Stephanie L. , Brown Michael , Cavallino David , Huang Ying-Syun , Li Qianjing , Monterroza Victor C.
Published: January 2024

Glowacki offers many new directions for understanding and even eliminating the problem of war, especially creating positive interdependencies with out-group members. We develop Glowacki's intriguing proposition that in-group dynamics provide a route to peace by describing a prosocial motivational system, the caregiving system, that aligns individual interests and eliminates the need to use coercion to achieve mutually beneficial outcomes.
On peace and its logic
Authors: Antony Michael V.
Published: January 2024

Glowacki argues that the human capacity for peace emerged 100,000 years ago, and that the logic of peace is such that the traits and technologies that enable peace are the same that are used to wage war. In my commentary I raise some concerns about these points as well as about Glowacki's understanding of peace.
Capacities for peace, and war, are old and related to Homo construction of worlds and communities
Authors: Fuentes Agustín , Kim Nam , Kissel Marc
Published: January 2024

The capacities required for both peace and war predate 100,000 years ago in the genus Homo are deeply entangled in the modes by which humans physically and perceptually construct their worlds and communities, and may not be sufficiently captured by economic models.
The intertwined nature of peace and war
Authors: Majolo Bonaventura
Published: January 2024

Glowacki discusses how humans regularly face collective action problems that may result in either peaceful or aggressive between-group interactions. Peace and war probably coevolved in humans. Using a gene–culture evolutionary framework is a powerful way to analyse why, when, and how humans have the capacity to build and maintain long-term peaceful interactions between groups and also to wage deadly wars.
Evolution, culture, and the possibility of peace
Authors: Baumeister Roy F. , Bushman Brad J.
Published: January 2024

Glowacki's work meshes well with our view of human nature as having evolved to use culture to improve survival and reproduction. Peace is a cultural achievement, requiring advances in social organization and control, including leaders who can implement policies to benefit the group, third-party mediation, and intergroup cooperation. Cultural advances shift intergroup interactions from negative-sum (war) to positive-sum (trade).
Social and economic interdependence as a basis for peaceful between-group relationships in nonhuman primates and humans
Authors: Grueter Cyril C.
Published: January 2024

Glowacki asserts that interdependent relationships beyond group boundaries are exceptionally rare among nonhuman mammals. However, rudimentary forms of interdependence can be seen in primate species that form multilevel societies, that is, core social units embedded within higher-level grouping categories. Studies of primate multilevel societies can enrich discussions about the evolutionary origins of peaceful between-group interactions in humans.
Cultural technologies for peace may have shaped our social cognition
Authors: Sijilmassi Amine , Safra Lou , Baumard Nicolas
Published: January 2024

Peace, the article shows, is achieved by culturally evolved institutions that incentivize positive-sum relationships. We propose that this insight has important consequences for the design of human social cognition. Cues that signal the existence of such institutions should play a prominent role in detecting group membership. We show how this accounts for previous findings and suggest avenues for future research.
A neurological foundation for peaceful negotiations
Authors: Coolidge Frederick L.
Published: January 2024

Glowacki explored the conditions required for peace and argued its preconditions arose only within the last 100,000 years. The present commentary addresses some major brain changes that occurred only in Homo sapiens within that period of time and the verbal and nonverbal cognitive sequelae of those neurological changes that may have aided the diplomatic negotiations required for peaceful solutions.
Impediments to peace
Authors: Hames Raymond
Published: January 2024

While effective institutional practices are critical for the evolution of peace certain factors deter their effectiveness. In-group and out-group dynamics may make peace difficult between culturally distinct groups. Critical ecological conditions often lead to intractable conflict over resources. And within group conflicts of interest most prominently between generations may inhibit effective peace making.
The evolution of peace (and war) is driven by an elementary social interaction mechanism
Authors: Fischer Ilan , Avrashi Shacked , Savranevski Lior
Published: January 2024

Here we revise Glowacki's model by proposing a simple and empirically tested mechanism that is applicable to a comprehensive set of social interactions. This parsimonious mechanism accounts for the choice of both cooperative and peaceful alternatives and explains when each choice benefits the interacting parties. It is proposed that this mechanism is key to the evolution of both peace and conflict.
A narrative review on dietary components and patterns and age-related macular degeneration
Authors: Koçyiğit Emine , Gövez Nazlıcan Erdoğan , Arslan Sabriye , Ağagündüz Duygu
Published: January 2024

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most prevalent eye diseases among the ageing population worldwide. It is a leading cause of blindness in individuals over 55, particularly in industrialised Western countries. The prevalence of AMD increases with age, and genetic factors and environmental influences are believed to contribute to its development. Among the environmental factors, diet plays a significant role in AMD. This review explores the association between dietary components, dietary patterns and AMD. Various nutrients, non-nutrient substances and dietary models that have the potential to counteract oxidative stress and inflammation, which are underlying mechanisms of AMD, are discussed. Consuming fruits, vegetables, fish and seafood, whole grains, olive oil, nuts and low-glycaemic-index foods has been highlighted as beneficial for reducing the risk of AMD. Adhering to the Mediterranean diet, which encompasses these elements, can be recommended as a dietary pattern for AMD. Furthermore, the modulation of the gut microbiota through dietary interventions and probiotics has shown promise in managing AMD.
Use of a modified microvascular plug to modify fenestration flow in a rapidly failing Fontan
Authors: McCay Nicola , Roberts Philip , Walsh Kevin
Published: January 2024

We report a case of an alternative transcatheter use of the modified Medtronic microvascular plug to modify fenestration stent flow in a patient with a rapidly deteriorating clinical condition. This four-year-old boy developed severe cyanosis following fenestration stent insertion, initially placed due to prolonged drainage post-Fontan with extra-cardiac conduit. In April 2023, he underwent urgent cardiac catheterisation and had partial occlusion of fenestration stent with a modified 9Q microvascular plug. His oxygen saturations improved from 50 to 89% in room air with no re-emergence of raised cavopulmonary pressures.
Do financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food tax schemes on food purchases: moderation analyses in a virtual supermarket experiment
Authors: Djojosoeparto Sanne K , Poelman Maartje P , Eykelenboom Michelle , Beenackers Mariëlle A , Steenhuis Ingrid HM , van Stralen Maartje M , Olthof Margreet R , Renders Carry M , van Lenthe Frank J , Kamphuis Carlijn BM
Published: January 2024

Objective:

To investigate whether financial constraint and perceived stress modify the effects of food-related taxes on the healthiness of food purchases.

Design:

Moderation analyses were conducted with data from a trial where participants were randomly exposed to: a control condition with regular food prices, an sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) tax condition with a two-tiered levy on the sugar content in SSB (5–8 g/100 ml: €0·21 per l and ≥8 g/100 ml: €0·28 per l) or a nutrient profiling tax condition where products with Nutri-Score D or E were taxed at a 20 percent level. Outcome measures were overall healthiness of food purchases (%), energy content (kcal) and SSB purchases (litres). Effect modification was analysed by adding interaction terms between conditions and self-reported financial constraint or perceived stress in regression models. Outcomes for each combination of condition and level of effect modifier were visualised.

Setting:

Virtual supermarket.

Participants:

Dutch adults (n 386).

Results:

Financial constraint or perceived stress did not significantly modify the effects of food-related taxes on the outcomes. Descriptive analyses suggest that in the control condition, the overall healthiness of food purchases was lowest, and SSB purchases were highest among those with moderate/high levels of financial constraint. Compared with the control condition, in a nutrient profiling tax condition, the overall healthiness of food purchases was higher and SSB purchases were lower, especially among those with moderate/high levels of financial constraint. Such patterns were not observed for perceived stress.

Conclusion:

Further studies with larger samples are recommended to assess whether food-related taxes differentially affect food purchases of subgroups.
Public policy interventions to mitigate household food insecurity in Canada: a systematic review
Authors: Idzerda Leanne , Corrin Tricia , Lazarescu Calin , Couture Alix , Vallières Eric , Khan Sara , Tarasuk Valerie , McIntyre Lynn , Jaramillo Garcia Alejandra
Published: January 2024

Objective:

The objective of this systematic review is to synthesise the evidence on public policy interventions and their ability to reduce household food insecurity (HFI) in Canada.

Design:

Four databases were searched up to October 2023. Only studies that reported on public policy interventions that might reduce HFI were included, regardless of whether that was the primary purpose of the study. Title and abstract screening, full-text screening, data extraction, risk of bias and certainty of the evidence assessments were conducted by two reviewers.

Results:

Seventeen relevant studies covering three intervention categories were included: income supplementation, housing assistance programmes and food retailer subsidies. Income supplementation had a positive effect on reducing HFI with a moderate to high level of certainty. Housing assistance programmes and food retailer studies may have little to no effect on HFI; however, there is low certainty in the evidence that could change as evidence emerges.

Conclusion:

The evidence suggests that income supplementation likely reduces HFI for low-income Canadians. Many questions remain in terms of how to optimise this intervention and additional high-quality studies are still needed.
Functionally diverse cover crops support ecological weed management in orchard cropping systems
Authors: Haring Steven , Gaudin Amélie C. M. , Hanson Bradley D.
Published: January 2024

Diverse agricultural management practices are critical for agroecosystem sustainability, and cover crops provide opportunity for varied management and increased biodiversity. Understanding how cover crops fill open ecological niches underneath the trees, interact with weeds, and potentially provide ecosystem services to decrease pest pressure is essential for ecological agricultural management. The goal of this study was to test the weed suppression potential of two cover crop treatments with varied functional diversity compared to standard weed management practices in commercial almond orchards in California. Transect plant surveys were used to evaluate orchard plant communities under a functionally diverse seed mix including grasses, legumes, and brassicas, and a relatively uniform cover crop mix that included only brassica species. Winter annual orchard cover crops reduced bare ground from 39.3% of total land area to 15.9 or 11.4%, depending on treatment. Furthermore, winter cover crops displaced weeds with a negative correlation of 0.74. The presence of cover crops did not consistently affect weed community composition for low-richness weed communities found in California orchards. Diverse cover crop mixes more reliably resulted in increased ground cover across site years compared to uniform cover crop mixes, with coefficients of variation for ground cover at 49.6 and 91.5%, respectively. Cover crops with different levels of functional diversity can contribute to orchard weed management programs at commercial scales. Functional diversity supports cover crop establishment, abundance, and competitiveness across varied agroecological conditions, and cover crop mixes could be designed to address an assortment of orchard management concerns.
Ancestral institutions and the salience of African ethnicity: Theory and Evidence
Authors: Adera Abreham
Published: January 2024

This paper advances a pre-colonial institutional thesis to explain the variation in the salience of ethnicity in African societies. It posits that pre-colonial political centralization facilitated the accumulation of economic and institutional advantages, positioning descendants of centralized ethnic groups to benefit from these advantages within postcolonial states. Social identity choices are rational; therefore, descendants of centralized ethnic groups, who enjoy greater advantages within the nation, find less incentive to choose their ethnicity over their national identity. Examples from Ethiopia and Ghana as well as the evidence from combining individual-level survey data from the Afrobarometer with historical data on pre-colonial political centralization support the theoretical claim. In particular, the paper presents both theory and evidence indicating that individuals with ancestors from politically centralized pre-colonial societies are less likely to favour their ethnic identity over their national identity . These findings underscore the importance of considering pre-colonial legacies when promoting national unity.
Cancer epigenetics: from laboratory studies and clinical trials to precision medicine
Authors: Yu Xinyang , Zhao Hao , Wang Ruiqi , Chen Yingyin , Ouyang Xumei , Li Wenting , Sun Yihao , Peng Anghui
Published: January 2024

Epigenetic dysregulation is a common feature of a myriad of human diseases, particularly cancer. Defining the epigenetic defects associated with malignant tumors has become a focus of cancer research resulting in the gradual elucidation of cancer cell epigenetic regulation. In fact, most stages of tumor progression, including tumorigenesis, promotion, progression, and recurrence are accompanied by epigenetic alterations, some of which can be reversed by epigenetic drugs. The main objective of epigenetic therapy in the era of personalized precision medicine is to detect cancer biomarkers to improve risk assessment, diagnosis, and targeted treatment interventions. Rapid technological advancements streamlining the characterization of molecular epigenetic changes associated with cancers have propelled epigenetic drug research and development. This review summarizes the main mechanisms of epigenetic dysregulation and discusses past and present examples of epigenetic inhibitors in cancer diagnosis and treatment, with an emphasis on the development of epigenetic enzyme inhibitors or drugs. In the final part, the prospect of precise diagnosis and treatment is considered based on a better understanding of epigenetic abnormalities in cancer.
Host-derived organic acids enable gut colonization of the honey bee symbiont Snodgrassella alvi
Authors: Quinn Andrew , El Chazli Yassine , Escrig Stéphane , Daraspe Jean , Neuschwander Nicolas , McNally Aoife , Genoud Christel , Meibom Anders , Engel Philipp
Published: January 2024

Diverse bacteria can colonize the animal gut using dietary nutrients or by engaging in microbial crossfeeding interactions. Less is known about the role of host-derived nutrients in enabling gut bacterial colonization. Here we examined metabolic interactions within the evolutionary ancient symbiosis between the honey bee (Apis mellifera) and the core gut microbiota member Snodgrassella alvi. This betaproteobacterium is incapable of metabolizing saccharides, yet colonizes the honey bee gut in the presence of a sugar-only diet. Using comparative metabolomics, 13C-tracers and nanoscale secondary ion mass spectrometry (NanoSIMS), we show in vivo that S. alvi grows on host-derived organic acids, including citrate, glycerate and 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutarate, which are actively secreted by the host into the gut lumen. S. alvi also modulates tryptophan metabolism in the gut by converting kynurenine to anthranilate. These results suggest that S. alvi is adapted to a specific metabolic niche in the honey bee gut that depends on host-derived nutritional resources.
Validating an algebraic approach to characterizing resonator networks
Authors: Horowitz Viva R. , Carter Brittany , Hernandez Uriel F. , Scheuing Trevor , Alemán Benjamín J.
Published: January 2024

Resonator networks are ubiquitous in natural and engineered systems, such as solid-state materials, electrical circuits, quantum processors, and even neural tissue. To understand and manipulate these networks it is essential to characterize their building blocks, which include the mechanical analogs of mass, elasticity, damping, and coupling of each resonator element. While these mechanical parameters are typically obtained from response spectra using least-squares fitting, this approach requires a priori knowledge of all parameters and is susceptible to large error due to convergence to local minima. Here we validate an alternative algebraic means to characterize resonator networks with no or minimal a priori knowledge. Our approach recasts the equations of motion of the network into a linear homogeneous algebraic equation and solves the equation with a set of discrete measured network response vectors. For validation, we employ our approach on noisy simulated data from a single resonator and a coupled resonator pair, and we characterize the accuracy of the recovered parameters using high-dimension factorial simulations. Generally, we find that the error is inversely proportional to the signal-to-noise ratio, that measurements at two frequencies are sufficient to recover all parameters, and that sampling near the resonant peaks is optimal. Our simple, powerful tool will enable future efforts to ascertain network properties and control resonator networks in diverse physical domains.
Construction of an abnormal glycosylation risk model and its application in predicting the prognosis of patients with head and neck cancer
Authors: Gao Yihan , Li Wenjing , Guo Haobing , Hao Yacui , Lu Lili , Li Jichen , Piao Songlin
Published: January 2024

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common malignant tumor of the head and neck, and the incidence rate is increasing year by year. Protein post-translational modification, recognized as a pivotal and extensive form of protein modification, has been established to possess a profound association with tumor occurrence and progression. This study employed bioinformatics analysis utilizing transcriptome sequencing data, patient survival data, and clinical data from HNSCC to establish predictive markers of genes associated with glycosylation as prognostic risk markers. The R procedure WGCNA was employed to construct a gene co-expression network using the gene expression profile and clinical characteristics of HNSCC samples. Multiple Cox Proportional Hazards Regression Model (Cox regression) and LASSO analysis were conducted to identify the key genes exhibiting the strongest association with prognosis. A risk score, known as the glycosylation-related genes risk score (GLRS), was subsequently formulated utilizing the aforementioned core genes. This scoring system facilitated the classification of samples into high-risk and low-risk categories, thereby enabling the prediction of patient prognosis. The association between GLRS and clinical variables was examined through both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The validation of six core genes was accomplished using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The findings demonstrated noteworthy variations in risk scores among subgroups, thereby affirming the efficacy of GLRS in prognosticating patient outcomes. Furthermore, a correlation has been observed between the risk-scoring model and immune infiltration. Moreover, significant disparities exist in the expression levels of diverse immune checkpoints, epithelial-mesenchymal transition genes, and angiogenic factors between the high and low-risk groups.
Doping dependent intrinsic magnetization in silicon in Ni/Si heterostructures
Authors: Laterza Simone , Caretta Antonio , Bhardwaj Richa , Moras Paolo , Zema Nicola , Flammini Roberto , Malvestuto Marco
Published: January 2024

This investigation delves into the complex interaction at metal-semiconductor interfaces, highlighting the magnetic proximity effect in Ni/Si interfaces through systematic X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) studies at Ni and Si edges. We analyzed two Ni/Si heterostructures with differing semiconductor doping, uncovering a magnetic proximity effect manifesting as equilibrium magnetization in the semiconductor substrate induced by the adjacent Ni layer. Our results display distinct magnetization signs corresponding to the doping levels: low-doped samples show parallel alignment to the Ni layer, while high-doped samples align antiparallel, indicating a nuanced interplay of underlying magnetization mechanisms. These findings pinpoint the roles of electron tunneling and exchange splitting modification in the magnetization behavior. The study enriches the understanding of ferromagnetic-semiconductor interface behavior, setting a precedent for the design of advanced spintronic devices that leverage the nuanced magnetic properties of these hybrid systems.
Wireless facial biosensing system for monitoring facial palsy with flexible microneedle electrode arrays
Authors: Zhou Wenjianlong , Wang Zhongyan , Xu Qin , Liu Xiangxiang , Li Junshi , Yu Huaiqiang , Qiao Hui , Yang Lirui , Chen Liangpeng , Zhang Yuan , Huang Zhe , Pang Yuxing , Zhang Zhitong , Zhang Jiayan , Guan Xiudong , Ma Shunchang , Ren Yingjie , Shi Xiaoyi , Yuan Linhao , Li Deling , Huang Dong , Li Zhihong , Jia Wang
Published: January 2024

Facial palsy (FP) profoundly influences interpersonal communication and emotional expression, necessitating precise diagnostic and monitoring tools for optimal care. However, current electromyography (EMG) systems are limited by their bulky nature, complex setups, and dependence on skilled technicians. Here we report an innovative biosensing approach that utilizes a PEDOT:PSS-modified flexible microneedle electrode array (P-FMNEA) to overcome the limitations of existing EMG devices. Supple system-level mechanics ensure excellent conformality to the facial curvilinear regions, enabling the detection of targeted muscular ensemble movements for facial paralysis assessment. Moreover, our apparatus adeptly captures each electrical impulse in response to real-time direct nerve stimulation during neurosurgical procedures. The wireless conveyance of EMG signals to medical facilities via a server augments access to patient follow-up evaluation data, fostering prompt treatment suggestions and enabling the access of multiple facial EMG datasets during typical 6-month follow-ups. Furthermore, the device’s soft mechanics alleviate issues of spatial intricacy, diminish pain, and minimize soft tissue hematomas associated with traditional needle electrode positioning. This groundbreaking biosensing strategy has the potential to transform FP management by providing an efficient, user-friendly, and less invasive alternative to the prevailing EMG devices. This pioneering technology enables more informed decision-making in FP-management and therapeutic intervention.
Muscle anatomy is reflected in the spatial organization of the spinal motoneuron pools
Authors: Taitano Rachel I. , Yakovenko Sergiy , Gritsenko Valeriya
Published: January 2024

Neural circuits embed limb dynamics for motor control and sensorimotor integration. The somatotopic organization of motoneuron pools in the spinal cord may support these computations. Here, we tested if the spatial organization of motoneurons is related to the musculoskeletal anatomy. We created a 3D model of motoneuron locations within macaque spinal cord and compared the spatial distribution of motoneurons to the anatomical organization of the muscles they innervate. We demonstrated that the spatial distribution of motoneuron pools innervating the upper limb and the anatomical relationships between the muscles they innervate were similar between macaque and human species. Using comparative analysis, we found that the distances between motoneuron pools innervating synergistic muscles were the shortest, followed by those innervating antagonistic muscles. Such spatial organization can support the co-activation of synergistic muscles and reciprocal inhibition of antagonistic muscles. The spatial distribution of motoneurons may play an important role in embedding musculoskeletal dynamics.
Assessing the accuracy of OpenET satellite-based evapotranspiration data to support water resource and land management applications
Authors: Volk John M. , Huntington Justin L. , Melton Forrest S. , Allen Richard , Anderson Martha , Fisher Joshua B. , Kilic Ayse , Ruhoff Anderson , Senay Gabriel B. , Minor Blake , Morton Charles , Ott Thomas , Johnson Lee , Comini de Andrade Bruno , Carrara Will , Doherty Conor T. , Dunkerly Christian , Friedrichs MacKenzie , Guzman Alberto , Hain Christopher , Halverson Gregory , Kang Yanghui , Knipper Kyle , Laipelt Leonardo , Ortega-Salazar Samuel , Pearson Christopher , Parrish Gabriel E. L. , Purdy Adam , ReVelle Peter , Wang Tianxin , Yang Yun
Published: January 2024

Remotely sensed evapotranspiration (ET) data offer strong potential to support data-driven approaches for sustainable water management. However, practitioners require robust and rigorous accuracy assessments of such data. The OpenET system, which includes an ensemble of six remote sensing models, was developed to increase access to field-scale (30 m) ET data for the contiguous United States. Here we compare OpenET outputs against data from 152 in situ stations, primarily eddy covariance flux towers, deployed across the contiguous United States. Mean absolute error at cropland sites for the OpenET ensemble value is 15.8 mm per month (17% of mean observed ET), mean bias error is −5.3 mm per month (6%) and r2 is 0.9. Results for shrublands and forested sites show higher inter-model variability and lower accuracy relative to croplands. High accuracy and multi-model convergence across croplands demonstrate the utility of a model ensemble approach, and enhance confidence among ET data practitioners, including the agricultural water resource management community.
Bridging and terminal hydroxyl groups of Zr(OH)4 as active sites for the ultraselective transformation of biomass-based alcohols
Authors: Tang Xiaoqi , Wang Ganping , Qin Jiaheng , Song Jie , Tan Jiajun , Dong Linkun , Mao Weiwen , Li Tong , Fang Jian , Long Yu
Published: January 2024

Developing a cost-effective and multi-functional heterogeneous catalyst for various biomass transformations is important in both academic and industrial communities.
Current advancement in nanomaterial-based emerging techniques for the determination of aminoglycosides antibiotics for antibiotic resistance surveillances
Authors: Sajwan Reena K. , Hashmi S. Z. H. , Himanshu Jayendra Kumar , Kumari Anjali , Solanki Pratima R.
Published: January 2024

The graphical abstract represents the nanomaterial-based sensing approach for the detection of aminoglycosides (AMGs) antibiotics.
Photochromic clock reaction of anthraquinone in supramolecular gel and its application to spatiotemporal patterning
Authors: Fujisaki Sota , Nagai Yuki , Okayasu Yoshinori , Kobayashi Yoichi
Published: January 2024

Time-dependent dual photopatterning using an induction period in photochromic reactions was achieved in a supramolecular gel medium.
Structures and electronic states of nickel-rich oxides for lithium ion batteries
Authors: Yousuf Saleem , Mridha Md Maruf , Magri Rita
Published: January 2024

Correct atomistic models of LNO and LNMO (N = Nickel, M = Manganese) oxide materials are critical for a correct prediction of the charging and discharging behavior of Li-ion batteries with NMC cathodes.
Bismuth-based liquid metals: advances, applications, and prospects
Authors: Zhang Xilong , Liu Jing , Deng Zhongshan
Published: January 2024

This review presents a systematic description on the classification of Bi-based materials, their preparation processes, physical and chemical properties, and related applications. Some suggestions for future development are also given.
Radiofrequency absorption of coated ellipsoidal gold nanoparticles in human tissue
Authors: Svendsen Brage Bøe , Hennert Olle , Themptander Robert , Dalarsson Mariana
Published: January 2024

The size and dielectric properties of ligand coatings significantly impact the absorption response, and must be accounted for in the analysis of radiofrequency Joule heating of ligand-capped gold nanoparticles.
An ultra-sensitive colloidal quantum dot infrared photodiode exceeding 100 000% external quantum efficiency via photomultiplication
Authors: Jung Byung Ku , Park Taesung , Choi Young Kyun , Lee Yong Min , Kim Tae Hyuk , Seo Bogyeom , Oh Seongkeun , Shim Jae Won , Lo Yu-hwa , Ng Tse Nga , Oh Soong Ju
Published: January 2024

A colloidal quantum dot-based photomultiplication-type photodiode with high external quantum efficiency of 105% was developed via a double photomultiplication strategy using chemical treatment and the long-chain ligand capped QDs.
N-doped CNTs wrapped sulfur-loaded hierarchical porous carbon cathode for Li–sulfur battery studies
Authors: Nulu Arunakumari , Nulu Venugopal , Sohn Keun Yong
Published: January 2024

Hierarchical porous carbon structures are prepared by KOH activation process from coffee waste and are encapsulated with sulfur followed by N-CNTs wrapping. As a cathode for Li–S batteries, the electrode showed excellent electrochemical properties.
Efficient construction of a β-naphthol library under continuous flow conditions
Authors: Shan Chao , Li Ranran , Wang Xinchao
Published: January 2024

Rapid development of a β-naphthol library was performed through a mild continuous flow protocol based on a tandem Friedel–Crafts reaction.
Semi-quantitative risk-based prioritisation scheme for chemicals of concern in the Nordic countries
Authors: Sanderson Hans , Fauser Patrik , Bengtström Linda , Vorkamp Katrin
Published: January 2024

We ranked 1528 chemicals of concern from regulatory databases using a scoring system of these 16 chemicals was ranked as representing the highest risk. Ten of these are not part any environmental monitoring program among in the Nordic countries.
Nanocrystalline iron hydroxide lignocellulose filters for arsenate remediation
Authors: Soini Steven A. , Feliciano Sofia M. , Duersch Bobby G. , Merk Vivian M.
Published: January 2024

Harmful levels of environmental contaminants, such as arsenic (As), persist in the environment, threatening drinking water supplies in parts of the world. Nanocrystalline iron hydroxide wood filters can remove As from running and standing water.
Patient formateur : quel impact sur les représentations des étudiants ? Étude qualitative auprès d'étudiants en kinésithérapie
Authors: Jounin Marie
Published: January 2024

Contexte : Le partenariat de soins entre professionnels et patients est fondé sur la reconnaissance des patients comme acteurs de soins à part entière ainsi que sur la reconnaissance de l'interdépendance de leurs savoirs avec ceux des professionnels. Pour contribuer au déploiement de ce modèle de soin, l'intégration de patients partenaires formateurs dans la formation des futurs soignants est considérée comme un des leviers les plus pertinents. Objectif : Observer l'impact d'un enseignement en partenariat patient-professionnel sur les représentations d'étudiants en masso-kinésithérapie. Méthodes : Dans le cadre de cette étude qualitative monocentrique, des étudiants en deuxième année de formation en masso-kinésithérapie ont été répartis en deux groupes. Chaque groupe a participé à une séquence d'enseignement en éducation thérapeutique du patient, l'un avec un patient formateur, l'autre avec un formateur kinésithérapeute. Les représentations d'étudiants des deux groupes ont été explorées via des entretiens semi-directifs. Résultats : Faire l'expérience d'une formation construite et animée par un patient formateur, même lorsqu'elle est courte et non-reproduite dans le temps, semble affecter les représentations des étudiants, notamment dans leur reconnaissance des savoirs expérientiels des patients. Il ressort que les étudiants ayant participé à l'enseignement du patient formateur considèrent davantage les patients comme porteurs d'une expertise dans les soins et pouvant agir comme formateur dans leur parcours professionnel. Conclusion : Cette étude plaide pour le développement de l'inclusion de patients formateurs en santé. Elle donne lieu à de nouveaux questionnements qui permettraient d'aller plus loin dans la compréhension des répercussions engendrées sur les étudiants.
Comment imaginer la formation des étudiants dans le domaine de la santé dans 15 ans ?
Authors: Tardif Jacques
Published: January 2024

Contexte et problématique : La prévision de la nature et des caractéristiques des formations offertes aux étudiants dans le domaine de la santé à la rentrée 2037, soit dans 15 ans, est un exercice complexe et en partie spéculatif. Quelques tendances lourdes semblent cependant pouvoir être anticipées. Exégèse : L’auteur examine les facteurs identifiés comme devant être influents dans le secteur de la santé à l’horizon 2040. Ceux-ci concernent de multiples champs : politique, économique, social, technologique, organisationnel et managérial, environnemental, légal, éthique. Au plan éducationnel, il postule que les dispositifs curriculaires et pédagogiques évolueront d’une logique d’enseignement vers une approche centrée sur les activités d’apprentissage, visant à la fois la maîtrise de compétences, l’appropriation d’une culture professionnelle et le développement d’une identité professionnelle.
Program Construction Method for Sequential Statistics Class Algorithm Based on Bidirectional Scanning Induction
Authors: ZUO Zhengkang , WANG Yuekun , LIANG Zanyang , SU Wei , HUANG Qing , WANG Yuan , WANG Changjing
Published: January 2024

The program construction process is based on rigorous mathematical reasoning, which leads to a fully correct algorithmic program via step-by-step refinement of the program specifications. The existing program construction methods' refinement process is partly based on individual subjective speculation and analysis, which lacks a precise guidance method. Meanwhile, efficiency factors have usually been ignored in the construction process, and most of the constructed abstract programs cannot be run directly by machines. In order to solve these problems, a novel program construction method for the sequence statistical class algorithms based on bidirectional scan induction is proposed in this paper. The method takes into account the efficiency factor and thus improves the Morgan's refinement calculus. Furthermore, this paper validates the method's feasibility using an efficiency-sensitive sequential statistics class algorithm as a program construction example. The method proposed in this paper realizes the correctness construction process from program specifications to efficient executable programs.
Postcolonial ecocritical reading of Satyajit Ray’s Sikkim and Goutam Ghose’s Padma Nadir Majhi
Authors: Dutta Dey Sujata , Singh Rajni
Published: January 2024

This article aims to offer an interpretive analysis of two seminal cinematic works: Satyajit Ray’s Sikkim (1971) and Goutam Ghose’s Padma Nadir Majhi (1993). It posits these films as modes of inquiry, elucidating the ecological issues that have spurred a transformative reconsideration of humanity’s relationship with the nonhuman world. Moreover, this study underscores the intricate comprehension of the interdependence between human and natural realms, portraying it as a foundational facet of postcolonial discourse. Postcolonialism has long recognized the inseparable linkage between the ideological constructs of nature and the exploitation of marginalized populations and their respective environments. The psychological ramifications of colonial rule have wrought an indelible impact upon the ecological landscape and the hallowed rapport shared between indigenous communities and their natural surroundings. The indigenous populace’s allure towards Western cultural paradigms, preconceptions, and institutions has often induced a forfeiture of their own cultural heritage in favor of the ex-colonizers’ ideologies. Both of these venerable cinematographers, through their cinematic oeuvre, have meticulously documented the enduring significance of nature within the tapestry of Indian culture, especially in the context of contemporary, globalized milieu.
Is the relationship between institutional distance and subsidiary performance moderated by top management team? Evidence from Chinese multinational enterprises
Authors: Lu Xiaojing , Boo Sebastian Jacques Manuel , Liu Xiaming
Published: January 2024

Institutional distance is well-recognised as having a significant influence on MNE subsidiary performance in host countries. However, there is less clarity as to how the institutional distance is managed by top management teams of MNEs. Specifically, it is not known whether the previous work experiences of the top management team (TMT) can moderate how institutional distance impacts subsidiary performance. The purpose of our research is to address the research question, how do different work experiences among the TMT moderate the relationship between institutional distance and subsidiary performance? To empirically answer this question, we use a sample of 6119 Chinese MNE subsidiaries with 34,870 TMT managers. We apply ordinary least square (OLS) regression and bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap (BCa) to the data. The results indicate that the strength of the negative relationship between institutional distance and MNE subsidiary performance is conditional on the different work experiences of the TMT. We show that the negative relationship between institutional distance and MNE subsidiary performance is strengthened with an increase in expatriates in the TMT who have home country work experience (β = −0.346, p < 0.05) but mitigated with an increase of managers in the TMT who have host country work experience (β = 0.129, p < 0.01). Additionally, the negative relationship between institutional distance and subsidiary performance is weakened by increasing diversity of TMT’s international experience (β = 0.555, p < 0.01). Notably, the TMT’s international experience in weak-institution markets has a more salient mitigating effect on the negative relationship than work experienced gained in strong-institution markets. This study contributes to the integration of TMT perspective into institutional management and has practical implications for the staffing strategy of MNE subsidiaries.