bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Die Akademisierung der Pflege aus Sicht der Pflegekräfte: eine Querschnittstudie in Krankenhäusern im Nordwesten Deutschlands
Authors: Mertens Anne , Overberg Jasmin , Röbken Heinke , Deppermann Jana , Gockel Julia , Heckroth Antje , Schnittger Thomas , Wiedermann Frauke , Kadmon Martina
Published: November 2018

Zusammenfassung.Hintergrund: Der Bedarf an gut ausgebildeten Pflegekräften in Deutschland steigt. Zunehmend wird deshalb eine Akademisierung der Pflege gefordert, um dem hohen Kompetenzniveau, das Pflegekräfte erfüllen müssen, gerecht zu werden. Ziel: Die vorliegende Studie beschreibt die Haltung von Pflegenden zur Akademisierung und die Einschätzung ihrer individuellen forschungsbezogenen Kompetenzen in Abhängigkeit von soziodemografischen Merkmalen. Methode: In einer Querschnittstudie wurden mittels eines standardisierten Fragebogens 547 Pflegekräfte aus sechs verschiedenen Krankenhäusern im Nordwesten Deutschlands befragt. Im Zuge einer bivariaten Analyse und zwei multivariaten Regressionsmodellen wurde der Einfluss der unabhängigen Variablen „Position“, „Grad der Akademisierung“, „Alter“ und „Geschlecht“ auf die abhängigen Variablen „Haltung zur Akademisierung“ und „Einschätzung forschungsbezogene Kompetenz“ untersucht. In der multivariaten Analyse wurden drei Co-Variaten hinzugezogen, die die unterschiedlichen Formen von Unterstützung und Haltung der Klinik zu Weiterbildungs- und Akademisierungsprozessen erfragen. Ergebnisse: Insbesondere Pflegekräfte, die ein Studium absolvieren oder absolviert haben oder in Leitungspositionen sind, weisen eine signifikant positivere Haltung zur Akademisierung auf als ihre Kolleginnen und Kollegen. Aufstiegsmöglichkeiten innerhalb der Klinik bedingen ebenfalls eine positivere Haltung. Bezüglich der Einschätzung von forschungsbezogenen Kompetenzen ergibt die Analyse, dass ein absolviertes oder aktuell durchgeführtes Studium sowie eine Leitungsposition die Einschätzung positiv beeinflussen. Ferner schätzen jüngere, männliche Pflegekräfte sowie jene, die an ihrer Klinik Zugang zu wissenschaftlichen Artikeln haben, ihre Kompetenzen positiver ein. Schlussfolgerungen: Die Einstellungen zur Akademisierung sind noch immer heterogen und werden durch unterschiedliche Faktoren beeinflusst. Der Wert akademischer Bildung für die Pflegepraxis ist noch stärker zu demonstrieren.
Jones Receives 2018 Gilbert F. White Award
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

Lucile Jones will be awarded the 2018 Gilbert F. White Award. She will be formally presented with the award at AGU’s Fall Meeting 2018, to be held 10–14 December in Washington, D. C. This award is given in recognition of original contributions to the basic knowledge of natural hazards and/or disaster risks.
Celebrating the 2018 Class of Fellows
Authors:   AGU
Published: November 2018

AGU President-elect Robin Bell will present the newly elected class at the upcoming AGU Fall Meeting.
Variability in Basal Melting Beneath Pine Island Ice Shelf on Weekly to Monthly Timescales
Authors: Davis Peter E. D. , Jenkins Adrian , Nicholls Keith W. , Brennan Paul V. , Abrahamsen E. Povl , Heywood Karen J. , Dutrieux Pierre , Cho Kyoung‐Ho , Kim Tae‐Wan
Published: November 2018

Ocean‐driven basal melting of Amundsen Sea ice shelves has triggered acceleration, thinning, and grounding line retreat on many West Antarctic outlet glaciers. Here we present the first year‐long (2014) record of basal melt rate at sub‐weekly resolution from a location on the outer Pine Island Ice Shelf. Adjustment of the upper thermocline to local wind forced variability in the vertical Ekman velocity is the dominant control on basal melting at weekly to monthly timescales. Atmosphere‐ice‐ocean surface heat fluxes or changes in advection of modified Circumpolar Deep Water play no discernible role at these timescales. We propose that during other years, a deepening of the thermocline in Pine Island Bay driven by longer timescale processes may have suppressed the impact of local wind forcing on high‐frequency upper thermocline height variability and basal melting. This highlights the complex interplay between the different processes and their timescales that set the basal melt rate beneath Pine Island Ice Shelf.
Polymorphism of serotonin transporter gene in male subjects with antisocial behavior and MMA fighters
Authors: Cherepkova Elena V. , Maksimov Vladimir V. , Aftanas Lyubomir I.
Published: November 2018

In our study, the frequencies of serotonin transporter gene (5-HTT) polymorphisms and their combinations are compared in the healthy male subjects with antisocial behavior, in general, and in those with its particular forms, as well as in the reference group of MMA fighters. Subjects convicted of unlawful actions were classified into those convicted of violent crimes or non-violent ones. The group of subjects convicted of violent crimes was further subdivided into those convicted of murder, or robbery, or of inflicting grave body injuries. The group of MMA fighters was selected from the subjects without a prior history of antisocial behavior or criminal record in the subjects or their relatives. The frequency of D allele in the groups of convicted subjects and MMA fighters was higher, than in the population sample. Furthermore, the frequencies of D/D and 12/12 genotype combinations were shown to be higher in the group of convicted subjects, especially, in habitual criminals and those convicted of grave crimes or murder. The predisposition of MMA fighters to violent behavior and physical aggressive suppression of an opponent is successfully implemented in their professional career; however, this behavioral pattern appears to represent the controlled aggression.
Hedgehog stimulates hair follicle neogenesis by creating inductive dermis during murine skin wound healing
Authors: Lim Chae Ho , Sun Qi , Ratti Karan , Lee Soung-Hoon , Zheng Ying , Takeo Makoto , Lee Wendy , Rabbani Piul , Plikus Maksim V. , Cain Jason E. , Wang David H. , Watkins D. Neil , Millar Sarah , Taketo M. Mark , Myung Peggy , Cotsarelis George , Ito Mayumi
Published: November 2018

Mammalian wounds typically heal by fibrotic repair without hair follicle (HF) regeneration. Fibrosis and regeneration are currently considered the opposite end of wound healing. This study sought to determine if scar could be remodeled to promote healing with HF regeneration. Here, we identify that activation of the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) pathway reinstalls a regenerative dermal niche, called dermal papilla, which is required and sufficient for HF neogenesis (HFN). Epidermal Shh overexpression or constitutive Smoothened dermal activation results in extensive HFN in wounds that otherwise end in scarring. While long-term Wnt activation is associated with fibrosis, Shh signal activation in Wnt active cells promotes the dermal papilla fate in scarring wounds. These studies demonstrate that mechanisms of scarring and regeneration are not distant from one another and that wound repair can be redirected to promote regeneration following injury by modifying a key dermal signal.
Integrated mapping of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in a patient-derived xenograft model of glioblastoma
Authors: Randall Elizabeth C. , Emdal Kristina B. , Laramy Janice K. , Kim Minjee , Roos Alison , Calligaris David , Regan Michael S. , Gupta Shiv K. , Mladek Ann C. , Carlson Brett L. , Johnson Aaron J. , Lu Fa-Ke , Xie X. Sunney , Joughin Brian A. , Reddy Raven J. , Peng Sen , Abdelmoula Walid M. , Jackson Pamela R. , Kolluri Aarti , Kellersberger Katherine A. , Agar Jeffrey N. , Lauffenburger Douglas A. , Swanson Kristin R. , Tran Nhan L. , Elmquist William F. , White Forest M. , Sarkaria Jann N. , Agar Nathalie Y. R.
Published: November 2018

Therapeutic options for the treatment of glioblastoma remain inadequate despite concerted research efforts in drug development. Therapeutic failure can result from poor permeability of the blood-brain barrier, heterogeneous drug distribution, and development of resistance. Elucidation of relationships among such parameters could enable the development of predictive models of drug response in patients and inform drug development. Complementary analyses were applied to a glioblastoma patient-derived xenograft model in order to quantitatively map distribution and resulting cellular response to the EGFR inhibitor erlotinib. Mass spectrometry images of erlotinib were registered to histology and magnetic resonance images in order to correlate drug distribution with tumor characteristics. Phosphoproteomics and immunohistochemistry were used to assess protein signaling in response to drug, and integrated with transcriptional response using mRNA sequencing. This comprehensive dataset provides simultaneous insight into pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics and indicates that erlotinib delivery to intracranial tumors is insufficient to inhibit EGFR tyrosine kinase signaling.
Hydrodynamic assembly of two-dimensional layered double hydroxide nanostructures
Authors: Jose Nicholas A. , Zeng Hua Chun , Lapkin Alexei A.
Published: November 2018

Formation mechanisms of two-dimensional nanostructures in wet syntheses are poorly understood. Even more enigmatic is the influence of hydrodynamic forces. Here we use liquid flow cell transmission electron microscopy to show that layered double hydroxide, as a model material, may form via the oriented attachment of hexagonal nanoparticles; under hydrodynamic shear, oriented attachment is accelerated. To hydrodynamically manipulate the kinetics of particle growth and oriented attachment, we develop a microreactor with high and tunable shear rates, enabling control over particle size, crystallinity and aspect ratio. This work offers new insights in the formation of two-dimensional materials, provides a scalable yet precise synthesis method, and proposes new avenues for the rational engineering and scalable production of highly anisotropic nanostructures.
Metabolic engineering of Escherichia coli for de novo biosynthesis of vitamin B12
Authors: Fang Huan , Li Dong , Kang Jie , Jiang Pingtao , Sun Jibin , Zhang Dawei
Published: November 2018

The only known source of vitamin B12 (adenosylcobalamin) is from bacteria and archaea. Here, using genetic and metabolic engineering, we generate an Escherichia coli strain that produces vitamin B12 via an engineered de novo aerobic biosynthetic pathway. In vitro and/or in vivo analysis of genes involved in adenosylcobinamide phosphate biosynthesis from Rhodobacter capsulatus suggest that the biosynthetic steps from co(II)byrinic acid a,c-diamide to adocobalamin are the same in both the aerobic and anaerobic pathways. Finally, we increase the vitamin B12 yield of a recombinant E. coli strain by more than ∼250-fold to 307.00 µg g−1 DCW via metabolic engineering and optimization of fermentation conditions. Beyond our demonstration of E. coli as a microbial biosynthetic platform for vitamin B12 production, our study offers an encouraging example of how the several dozen proteins of a complex biosynthetic pathway can be transferred between organisms to facilitate industrial production.
A single Gal4-like transcription factor activates the Crabtree effect in Komagataella phaffii
Authors: Ata Özge , Rebnegger Corinna , Tatto Nadine E. , Valli Minoska , Mairinger Teresa , Hann Stephan , Steiger Matthias G. , Çalık Pınar , Mattanovich Diethard
Published: November 2018

The Crabtree phenotype defines whether a yeast can perform simultaneous respiration and fermentation under aerobic conditions at high growth rates. It provides Crabtree positive yeasts an evolutionary advantage of consuming glucose faster and producing ethanol to outcompete other microorganisms in sugar rich environments. While a number of genetic events are associated with the emergence of the Crabtree effect, its evolution remains unresolved. Here we show that overexpression of a single Gal4-like transcription factor is sufficient to convert Crabtree-negative Komagataella phaffii (Pichia pastoris) into a Crabtree positive yeast. Upregulation of the glycolytic genes and a significant increase in glucose uptake rate due to the overexpression of the Gal4-like transcription factor leads to an overflow metabolism, triggering both short-term and long-term Crabtree phenotypes. This indicates that a single genetic perturbation leading to overexpression of one gene may have been sufficient as the first molecular event towards respiro-fermentative metabolism in the course of yeast evolution.
A time-resolved multi-omic atlas of the developing mouse stomach
Authors: Li Xianju , Zhang Chunchao , Gong Tongqing , Ni Xiaotian , Li Jin’e , Zhan Dongdong , Liu Mingwei , Song Lei , Ding Chen , Xu Jianming , Zhen Bei , Wang Yi , Qin Jun
Published: November 2018

The mammalian stomach is structurally highly diverse and its organ functionality critically depends on a normal embryonic development. Although there have been several studies on the morphological changes during stomach development, a system-wide analysis of the underlying molecular changes is lacking. Here, we present a comprehensive, temporal proteome and transcriptome atlas of the mouse stomach at multiple developmental stages. Quantitative analysis of 12,108 gene products allows identifying three distinct phases based on changes in proteins and RNAs and the gain of stomach functions on a longitudinal time scale. The transcriptome indicates functionally important isoforms relevant to development and identifies several functionally unannotated novel splicing junction transcripts that we validate at the peptide level. Importantly, many proteins differentially expressed in stomach development are also significantly overexpressed in diffuse-type gastric cancer. Overall, our study provides a resource to understand stomach development and its connection to gastric cancer tumorigenesis.
Pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia expresses cell surface nucleolin as a 9-O-acetylated sialoglycoprotein
Authors: Joo Eun Ji , Wasik Brian R , Parrish Colin , Paz Helicia , Mϋhlenhoff Martina , Abdel-Azim Hisham , Groffen John , Heisterkamp Nora
Published: November 2018

Precursor B acute lymphoblastic leukemias (pre-B ALLs) abnormally express a specific glycan structure, 9-O-acetylated sialic acid (9-O-Ac-Sia), on their cell surface, but glycoproteins that carry this modification have not been identified. Using three different lectins that specifically recognize this structure, we establish that nucleolin (NCL), a protein implicated in cancer, contains 9-O-Ac-Sia. Surprisingly, antibodies against the glycolipid 9-O-Ac-Sia GD3 also detected 9-O-Ac-Sia NCL. NCL is present on the surface of pre-B ALL cells as a sialoglycoprotein that is partly 9-O-acetylated and conversely, 9-O-Ac-Sia-containing structures other than NCL are present on these cells as well. Interestingly, NCL and the 9-O-Ac-Sia signal had less co-localization on normal pre-B cells. We also investigated regulation of NCL on the cell surface and found that sialidase treatment increased the percentage of cells positive for cell surface NCL, suggesting that sialylation of NCL promotes internalization. Treatment of pre-B ALL cells with the chemotherapy drug vincristine also increased the percentage of cells with surface NCL and correlated with increased 9-O-Ac-Sia expression. All tested leukemia cells including primary samples expressed NCL, suggesting it as a possible therapeutic target. We confirmed this by showing inhibition of cell proliferation in some pre-B ALLs by exposure to a NCL-specific aptamer AS1411.
Root Mean Square Minimum Distance as a Quality Metric for Stochastic Optical Localization Nanoscopy Images
Authors: Sun Yi
Published: November 2018

A localization algorithm in stochastic optical localization nanoscopy plays an important role in obtaining a high-quality image. A universal and objective metric is crucial and necessary to evaluate qualities of nanoscopy images and performances of localization algorithms. In this paper, we propose root mean square minimum distance (RMSMD) as a quality metric for localization nanoscopy images. RMSMD measures an average, local, and mutual fitness between two sets of points. Its properties common to a distance metric as well as unique to itself are presented. The ambiguity, discontinuity, and inappropriateness of the metrics of accuracy, precision, recall, and Jaccard index, which are currently used in the literature, are analyzed. A numerical example demonstrates the advantages of RMSMD over the four existing metrics that fail to distinguish qualities of different nanoscopy images in certain conditions. The unbiased Gaussian estimator that achieves the Fisher information and Cramer-Rao lower bound (CRLB) of a single data frame is proposed to benchmark the quality of localization nanoscopy images and the performance of localization algorithms. The information-achieving estimator is simulated in an example and the result demonstrates the superior sensitivity of RMSMD over the other four metrics. As a universal and objective metric, RMSMD can be broadly employed in various applications to measure the mutual fitness of two sets of points.
The human olfactory cleft mucus proteome and its age-related changes
Authors: Yoshikawa Keiichi , Wang Hong , Jaen Cristina , Haneoka Mai , Saito Naoko , Nakamura Junji , Adappa Nithin D. , Cohen Noam A. , Dalton Pamela
Published: November 2018

Age-related decreases in olfactory sensitivity are often accompanied by a decrease in the quality of life. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these changes are not well described. Inhaled substances including odorants are detected by sensory neurons in the olfactory cleft covered with a layer of mucus. This olfactory mucus is the first molecular machinery responsible for tissue protection and for detection of environmental odorants. Yet, little is known about the molecular identities of the actors because of the lack of information on the mucus proteome and its age-related changes. Here, we sampled human mucus from different nasal locations and from young and elderly subjects. The composition of the mucus was extensively analyzed by shotgun proteomic analysis for a vast array of proteins. We also explored correlations between the levels of each mucus proteins with the olfactory sensitivity of subjects. This analysis revealed previously unrecognized proteins with potentially important functions in olfaction. Taken together, this report describes the most comprehensive catalogue of the nasal mucus proteins to date, their positional and age-related differences, and candidate proteins associated with olfaction. This catalogue will provide fundamental information useful for future studies, such as identification of olfactory auxiliary proteins, causes of age-related declines in olfaction, and biomarkers for neurodegenerative disorders.
Generation of uniform-sized multicellular tumor spheroids using hydrogel microwells for advanced drug screening
Authors: Lee Jong Min , Park Da Yeon , Yang Letao , Kim Eun-Joong , Ahrberg Christian D. , Lee Ki-Bum , Chung Bong Geun
Published: November 2018

Even though in vitro co-culture tumor spheroid model plays an important role in screening drug candidates, its wide applications are currently limited due to the lack of reliable and high throughput methods for generating well-defined and 3D complex co-culture structures. Herein, we report the development of a hydrogel microwell array to generate uniform-sized multicellular tumor spheroids. Our developed multicellular tumor spheroids are structurally well-defined, robust and can be easily transferred into the widely used 2D culture substrates while maintaining our designed multicellular 3D-sphere structures. Moreover, to develop effective anti-cancer therapeutics we integrated our recently developed gold-graphene hybrid nanomaterial (Au@GO)-based photothermal cancer therapy into a series of multicellular tumor spheroid co-culture system. The multicellular tumor spheroids were harvested onto a two-dimensional (2D) substrate, under preservation of their three-dimensional (3D) structure, to evaluate the photothermal therapy effectiveness of graphene oxide (GO)-wrapped gold nanoparticles (Au@GO). From the model of co-culture spheroids of HeLa/Ovarian cancer and HeLa/human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC), we observed that Au@GO nanoparticles displayed selectivity towards the fast-dividing HeLa cells, which could not be observed to this extent in 2D cultures. Overall, our developed uniform-sized 3D multicellular tumor spheroid could be a powerful tool for anticancer drug screening applications.
Single-cell imaging of phosphorus uptake shows that key harmful algae rely on different phosphorus sources for growth
Authors: Schoffelen Niels J. , Mohr Wiebke , Ferdelman Timothy G. , Littmann Sten , Duerschlag Julia , Zubkov Mikhail V. , Ploug Helle , Kuypers Marcel M. M.
Published: November 2018

Single-cell measurements of biochemical processes have advanced our understanding of cellular physiology in individual microbes and microbial populations. Due to methodological limitations, little is known about single-cell phosphorus (P) uptake and its importance for microbial growth within mixed field populations. Here, we developed a nanometer-scale secondary ion mass spectrometry (nanoSIMS)-based approach to quantify single-cell P uptake in combination with cellular CO2 and N2 fixation. Applying this approach during a harmful algal bloom (HAB), we found that the toxin-producer Nodularia almost exclusively used phosphate for growth at very low phosphate concentrations in the Baltic Sea. In contrast, the non-toxic Aphanizomenon acquired only 15% of its cellular P-demand from phosphate and ~85% from organic P. When phosphate concentrations were raised, Nodularia thrived indicating that this toxin-producer directly benefits from phosphate inputs. The phosphate availability in the Baltic Sea is projected to rise and therefore might foster more frequent and intense Nodularia blooms with a concomitant rise in the overall toxicity of HABs in the Baltic Sea. With a projected increase in HABs worldwide, the capability to use organic P may be a critical factor that not only determines the microbial community structure, but the overall harmfulness and associated costs of algal blooms.
Bone histology provides insights into the life history mechanisms underlying dwarfing in hipparionins
Authors: Orlandi-Oliveras Guillem , Nacarino-Meneses Carmen , Koufos George D. , Köhler Meike
Published: November 2018

Size shifts may be a by-product of alterations in life history traits driven by natural selection. Although this approach has been proposed for islands, it has not yet been explored in continental faunas. The trends towards size decrease experienced by some hipparionins constitute a good case study for the application of a life history framework to understand the size shifts on the continent. Here, we analysed bone microstructure to reconstruct the growth of some different-sized hipparionins from Greece and Spain. The two dwarfed lineages studied show different growth strategies. The Greek hipparions ceased growth early at a small size thus advancing maturity, whilst the slower-growing Spanish hipparion matured later at a small size. Based on predictive life history models, we suggest that high adult mortality was the likely selective force behind early maturity and associated size decrease in the Greek lineage. Conversely, we infer that resource limitation accompanied by high juvenile mortality triggered decrease in growth rate and a relative late maturity in the Spanish lineage. Our results provide evidence that different selective pressures can precipitate different changes in life history that lead to similar size shifts.
Kinetic Equilibrium of Dipolarization Fronts
Authors: Ganguli Gurudas , Crabtree Chris , Fletcher Alex C. , Tejero Erik , Malaspina David , Cohen Ian
Published: November 2018

The unprecedented high-resolution data from the Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) satellites is revealing the physics of dipolarization fronts created in the aftermath of magnetic reconnection in extraordinary detail. The data shows that the fronts contain structures on small spatial scales beyond the scope of fluid framework. A new kinetic analysis, applied to MMS data here, predicts that global plasma compression produces a unique particle distribution in a narrow boundary layer with separation of electron and ion scale physics. Layer widths on the order of an ion gyro-diameter lead to an ambipolar potential across the magnetic field resulting in strongly sheared flows. Gradients along the magnetic field lines create a potential difference, which can accelerate ions and electrons into beams. These small-scale kinetic effects determine the plasma dynamics in dipolarization fronts, including the origin of the distinctive broadband emissions.
Author Correction: Comparing Sanger sequencing and high-throughput metabarcoding for inferring photobiont diversity in lichens
Authors: Paul Fiona , Otte Jürgen , Schmitt Imke , Grande Francesco Dal
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Development and validation of a risk prediction model for work disability: multicohort study
Authors: Airaksinen Jaakko , Jokela Markus , Virtanen Marianna , Oksanen Tuula , Pentti Jaana , Vahtera Jussi , Koskenvuo Markku , Kawachi Ichiro , Batty G. David , Kivimäki Mika
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Author Correction: Plant-expressed cocaine hydrolase variants of butyrylcholinesterase exhibit altered allosteric effects of cholinesterase activity and increased inhibitor sensitivity
Authors: Larrimore Katherine E. , Kazan I. Can , Kannan Latha , Kendle R. Player , Jamal Tameem , Barcus Matthew , Bolia Ashini , Brimijoin Stephen , Zhan Chang-Guo , Ozkan S. Banu , Mor Tsafrir S.
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
Neurofilament heavy polypeptide protects against reduction in synaptopodin expression and prevents podocyte detachment
Authors: Wang Juan , Hidaka Teruo , Sasaki Yu , Tanaka Eriko , Takagi Miyuki , Shibata Terumi , Kubo Ayano , Trejo Juan Alejandro Oliva , Wang Lining , Asanuma Katsuhiko , Tomino Yasuhiko
Published: November 2018

Podocytes are highly specialized cells that line the glomerulus of the kidney and play a role in filtration. Podocyte injury plays a critical role in the development of many kidney diseases, but the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we identified that neurofilament heavy polypeptide (NEFH), an intermediate filament component, protects podocyte from injury. We observed that NEFH was upregulated after ADRIAMYCIN(ADR)-induced podocyte injury in both mice and cultured murine podocytes. Immunofluorescence and co-immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that NEFH was colocalized with synaptopodin, a podocyte-specific marker. High NEFH expression in podocytes prevented the Adriamycin-induced reduction in synaptopodin expression. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of NEFH in podocytes reduced the number of vinculin-containing focal contacts, thereby reducing adhesion to the extracellular matrix and increasing podocyte detachment. In addition, NEFH expression was significantly increased in renal biopsy specimens from patients with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis and membranous nephropathy, but in those with minimal change disease. These findings indicate that NEFH is expressed in podocytes during the disease course and that it prevents the reduction in synaptopodin expression and detachment of podocytes.
Another view on Gilbert damping in two-dimensional ferromagnets
Authors: Pervishko Anastasiia A. , Baglai Mikhail I. , Eriksson Olle , Yudin Dmitry
Published: November 2018

A keen interest towards technological implications of spin-orbit driven magnetization dynamics requests a proper theoretical description, especially in the context of a microscopic framework, to be developed. Indeed, magnetization dynamics is so far approached within Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert equation which characterizes torques on magnetization on purely phenomenological grounds. Particularly, spin-orbit coupling does not respect spin conservation, leading thus to angular momentum transfer to lattice and damping as a result. This mechanism is accounted by the Gilbert damping torque which describes relaxation of the magnetization to equilibrium. In this study we work out a microscopic Kubo-Středa formula for the components of the Gilbert damping tensor and apply the elaborated formalism to a two-dimensional Rashba ferromagnet in the weak disorder limit. We show that an exact analytical expression corresponding to the Gilbert damping parameter manifests linear dependence on the scattering rate and retains the constant value up to room temperature when no vibrational degrees of freedom are present in the system. We argue that the methodology developed in this paper can be safely applied to bilayers made of non- and ferromagnetic metals, e.g., CoPt.
Publisher Correction: Calcium and vitamin-D deficiency marginally impairs fracture healing but aggravates posttraumatic bone loss in osteoporotic mice
Authors: Fischer Verena , Haffner-Luntzer Melanie , Prystaz Katja , vom Scheidt Annika , Busse Björn , Schinke Thorsten , Amling Michael , Ignatius Anita
Published: November 2018

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has been fixed in the paper.
Seasonal succession of ciliate Mesodinium spp. with red, green, or mixed plastids and their association with cryptophyte prey
Authors: Nishitani Goh , Yamaguchi Mineo
Published: November 2018

Mesodinium spp. are commonly found in marine and brackish waters, and several species are known to contain red, green, or both plastids that originate from cryptophyte prey. We observed the seasonal succession of Mesodinium spp. in a Japanese brackish lake, and we analysed the origin and diversity of the various coloured plastids within the cells of Mesodinium spp. using a newly developed primer set that specifically targets the cryptophyte nuclear 18S rRNA gene. Mesodinium rubrum isolated from the lake contained only red plastids originating from cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia. We identified novel Mesodinium sp. that contained only green plastids or both red and green plastids originating from cryptophytes Hemiselmis sp. and Teleaulax acuta. Although the morphology of the newly identified Mesodinium sp. was indistinguishable from that of M. rubrum under normal light microscopy, phylogenetic analysis placed this species between the M. rubrum/major species complex and a well-supported lineage of M. chamaeleon and M. coatsi. Close associations were observed in cryptophyte species composition within cells of Mesodinium spp. and in ambient water samples. The appearance of suitable cryptophyte prey is probably a trigger for succession of Mesodinium spp., and the subsequent abundance of Mesodinium spp. appears to be influenced by water temperature and dissolved inorganic nutrients.
Preparation of Lauroyl Grafted Alginate-Psyllium Husk Gel Composite Film with Enhanced Physicochemical, Mechanical and Antimicrobial Properties
Authors: Fernandes Clara , Acharya Pratap Chandra , Bhatt Shikha
Published: November 2018

In this study, a lauroyl grafted hydrophobic glycolipid derivative of alginate has been successfully synthesized and characterized. This glycolipid has been incorporated into Psyllium husk gel-alginate composite films and compared with the films containing only Psyllim husk gel and Psyllim husk gel-alginate for its mechanical and physicochemical properties. Additionally, the composite film has also been evaluated for protein adsorption and antimicrobial property to verify its utility in biomedical applications. The results showed that the composite films have enhanced physicochemical and mechanical properties. The film produced better swelling characteristic and lower protein adsorption property indicating the usefulness of the film in wound care dressing, particularly for low suppurating wounds. Incorporation of the synthesised glycolipid derivative also imparts antimicrobial activity to the composite film. Therefore, the developed film is capable of sustaining the microbial contamination during the storage and also valuable in the biomedical utility including wound dressings.
Analysis of Zika virus neutralizing antibodies in normal healthy Thais
Authors: Sornjai Wannapa , Jaratsittisin Janejira , Auewarakul Prasert , Wikan Nitwara , Smith Duncan R.
Published: November 2018

Zika virus (ZIKV) infections have been reported from all over Thailand, but the number of reported cases remains low, suggesting a degree of immune protection against ZIKV infection. To address this possibility, the presence of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies was determined in serum from 135 healthy Thai adults with a plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT), and a number of samples were subsequently analyzed for the presence of neutralizing antibodies to dengue virus (DENV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). Results showed that 70.4% (PRNT50 ≥ 10), 55.6 (PRNT50 ≥ 20) or 22.2% (PRNT90 ≥ 20) of the samples showed neutralizing antibodies to ZIKV. Detailed analysis showed no association between the presence of neutralizing antibodies to other flaviviruses (DENV, JEV) and the presence of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies. These results suggest that the level of ZIKV neutralizing antibodies in the Thai population is enough to dampen the transmission of the virus in Thailand.
Biological activity of PtIV prodrugs triggered by riboflavin-mediated bioorthogonal photocatalysis
Authors: Alonso-de Castro Silvia , Terenzi Alessio , Hager Sonja , Englinger Bernhard , Faraone Adriana , Martínez Javier Calvo , Galanski Mathea Sophia , Keppler Bernhard K. , Berger Walter , Salassa Luca
Published: November 2018

We have recently demonstrated that riboflavin (Rf) functions as unconventional bioorthogonal photocatalyst for the activation of PtIV prodrugs. In this study, we show how the combination of light and Rf with two PtIV prodrugs is a feasible strategy for light-mediated pancreatic cancer cell death induction. In Capan-1 cells, which have high tolerance against photodynamic therapy, Rf-mediated activation of the cisplatin and carboplatin prodrugs cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2(Cl)2(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] (1) and cis,cis,trans-[Pt(NH3)2(CBDCA)(O2CCH2CH2CO2H)2] (2, where CBDCA = cyclobutane dicarboxylate) resulted in pronounced reduction of the cell viability, including under hypoxia conditions. Such photoactivation mode occurs to a considerable extent intracellularly, as demonstrated for 1 by uptake and cell viability experiments. 195Pt NMR, DNA binding studies using circular dichroism, mass spectrometry and immunofluorescence microscopy were performed using the Rf-1 catalyst-substrate pair and indicated that cell death is associated with the efficient light-induced formation of cisplatin. Accordingly, Western blot analysis revealed signs of DNA damage and activation of cell death pathways through Rf-mediated photochemical activation. Phosphorylation of H2AX as indicator for DNA damage, was detected for Rf-1 in a strictly light-dependent fashion while in case of free cisplatin also in the dark. Photochemical induction of nuclear pH2AX foci by Rf-1 was confirmed in fluorescence microscopy again proving efficient light-induced cisplatin release from the prodrug system.
Self-Transforming Configuration Based on Atmospheric-Adaptive Materials for Solid Oxide Cells
Authors: Kim Seona , Lee Seungtae , Kim Junyoung , Shin Jeeyoung , Kim Guntae
Published: November 2018

Solid oxide cells (SOC) with a symmetrical configuration have been focused due to the practical benefits of such configurations, such as minimized compatibility issues, a simple fabrication process and reduced cost compared to SOCs with the asymmetrical configuration. However, the performance of SOCs using a single type of electrode material (symmetrical configuration) is lower than the performance of those using the dissimilar electrode materials (asymmetrical configuration). Therefore, to achieve a high-performance cell, we design a ‘self-transforming cell’ with the asymmetric configuration using only materials of the single type, one based on atmospheric adaptive materials. Atmospheric-adaptive perovskite Pr0.5Ba0.5Mn0.85Co0.15O3-δ (PBMCo) was used for the so-called self-transforming cell electrodes, which changed to layered perovskite and metal in the fuel atmosphere and retained its original structure in the air atmosphere. In fuel cell mods, the self-transforming cell shows excellent electrochemical performance of 1.10 W cm−2 at 800 °C and good stability for 100 h without any catalyst. In electrolysis mode, the moderate current densities of −0.42 A cm−2 for 3 vol.% H2O and −0.62 A cm−2 for 10 vol.% H2O, respectively, were observed at a cell voltage of 1.3 V at 800 °C. In the reversible cycling test, the transforming cell maintains the constant voltages for 30 h at +/− 0.2 A cm−2 under 10 vol. % H2O.
A high therapeutic efficacy of polymeric prodrug nano-assembly for a combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy
Authors: Yi Xiaoqing , Dai Jun , Han Yingyan , Xu Min , Zhang Xiaojin , Zhen Shijie , Zhao Zujin , Lou Xiaoding , Xia Fan
Published: November 2018

Combination of photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy has been emerging as a new strategy for cancer treatment. Conventional photosensitizer tends to aggregate in aqueous media, which causes fluorescence quenching, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and limits its clinical application to photodynamic therapy. Traditional nanoparticle drug delivery system for chemotherapy also has its disadvantages, such as low drug loading content, drug leakage, and off-target toxicity for normal tissues. Here, we developed a reduction-sensitive co-delivery micelles TB@PMP for combinational therapy, which composed of entrapping a red aggregation-induced emission fluorogen (AIEgen) for photodynamic therapy and PMP that contains a reduction-sensitive paclitaxel polymeric prodrug for chemotherapy. AIEgen photosensitizer illustrates a much improved photostability and ROS production efficiency in aggregate state and PMP loads a high dose of paclitaxel and carries a smart stimuli-triggered drug release property. This co-delivery system provides a better option that replaces AIEgen photosensitizer for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Photo-triggered conversion of hydrophilic fluorescent biomimetic nanostructures for cell imaging
Authors: Dai Qin , Zhao He , Cao Hongbin , Yang Jun , Zhao Wentao , Wang Tianyu , Liu Linying , Fan Zhuangjun , Wang Guangwei
Published: November 2018

Photo-triggered conversion of fluorescent biomimetic nanostructures and their applications.
Room temperature d0 ferromagnetism in PbS films: nonuniform distribution of Pb vacancies
Authors: Pimachev Artem , Rimal Gaurab , Nielsen Robert D. , Tang Jinke , Dahnovsky Yuri
Published: November 2018

We experimentally find room temperature ferromagnetism in PbS nanoparticles and theoretically attribute this to the Pb-vacancies located on the surface.
Lanthanoid complexes supported by retro-Claisen condensation products of β-triketonates
Authors: Abad Galán Laura , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Zysman-Colman Eli , Ogden Mark I. , Massi Massimiliano
Published: November 2018

Structures varying from polynuclear assemblies to coordination polymers are formed when β-triketonate ligands undergo retro-Claisen condensation reactions in the presence of lanthanoids.
Interaction of monohydrogensulfide with a family of fluorescent pyridoxal-based Zn(ii) receptors
Authors: Strianese Maria , Lamberti Marina , Pellecchia Claudio
Published: November 2018

We studied the reactivity of HS− with a family of fluorescent zinc complexes. In the case of complexes 1 and 3, we have evidence that the interaction with HS− results in the displacement of the coordinated ligand from the Zn center. For complex 2, our data points to the coordination of HS− to the metal center likely assisted by hydrogen bondings with the OH of the pyridoxal moiety.
Synergistic effect of well-defined dual sites boosting the oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Wang Jing , Liu Wei , Luo Gan , Li Zhijun , Zhao Chao , Zhang Haoran , Zhu Mengzhao , Xu Qian , Wang Xiaoqian , Zhao Changming , Qu Yunteng , Yang Zhengkun , Yao Tao , Li Yafei , Lin Yue , Wu Yuen , Li Yadong
Published: November 2018

Herein, we construct a novel electrocatalyst with Fe–Co dual sites embedded in N-doped carbon nanotubes ((Fe,Co)/CNT), which exhibits inimitable advantages towards the oxygen reduction reaction.
AMPK activation is involved in hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of mogroside-rich extract from Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) fruits on high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice
Authors: Liu Hesheng , Qi Xiangyang , Yu Keke , Lu Anjie , Lin Kaifeng , Zhu Jiajing , Zhang Min , Sun Zhida
Published: November 2018

AMPK is involved in hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic activities of mogrosides from Siraitia grosvenorii (Swingle) fruits on diabetic mice.
Tris functionalized Cu-centered cyclohexamolybdate molecular armor as a bimetallic catalyst for rapid p-nitrophenol hydrogenation
Authors: Fang Qihua , Fu Junhong , Wang Fei , Qin Zhaoxian , Ma Weiguang , Zhang Jiangwei , Li Gao
Published: November 2018

An organic ligand triol protected and inorganic-ligand cyclohexamolybdate ring supported single atom Cu molecular hybrid material for rapid p-nitrophenol hydrogenation.
Confined formation of monoclinic Na4Ti5O12 nanoparticles embedded into porous CNTs: towards enhanced electrochemical performances for sodium ion batteries
Authors: Tang Yakun , Liu Lang , Zhang Yue , Zhao Hongyang , Kong Lingbing , Gao Shasha
Published: November 2018

The nanohybrids of monoclinic Na4Ti5O12 nanoparticles embedded in porous CNTs show excellent rate performance and cycling stability as an anode for sodium ion batteries.
Catalytic activity of new heteroleptic [Cu(PPh3)2(β-oxodithioester)] complexes: click derived triazolyl glycoconjugates
Authors: Kumari Kavita , Singh Anoop S. , Manar Krishna K. , Yadav Chote Lal , Tiwari Vinod K. , Drew Michael G. B. , Singh Nanhai
Published: November 2018

Highly efficient and reusable precatalysts of Cu(i) β-oxodithioester PPh3 complexes for the synthesis of triazolyl glycoconjugates under “click” conditions.
A gold-catalyzed cycloisomerization/aerobic oxidation cascade strategy for 2-aryl indenones from 1,5-enynes
Authors: Guo Jia , Peng Xiaoshi , Wang Xiaoyu , Xie Fukai , Zhang Xinhang , Liang Guoduan , Sun Zenghui , Liu Yongxiang , Cheng Maosheng , Liu Yang
Published: November 2018

The syntheses of 2-aryl indenones via gold(i)-catalyzed cyclization/aerobic oxidation was reported. The mechanism was probed by heavy atom labelling and control experiments. A formal total synthesis of isoprekinamycin was achieved.
Syntheses andin vitrobiological evaluation of S1PR1 ligands and PET studies of four F-18 labeled radiotracers in the brain of nonhuman primates
Authors: Luo Zonghua , Han Junbin , Liu Hui , Rosenberg Adam J. , Chen Delphine L. , Gropler Robert J. , Perlmutter Joel S. , Tu Zhude
Published: November 2018

Four potent and selective F-18 labeled S1PR1 radiotracers were radiosynthesized and three of them were able to cross blood–brain-barrier and enter into the brain of nonhuman primates.
Sequential nucleophilic “click” reactions for functional amphiphilic homopolymers
Authors: He Huan , Liu Bin , Wang Meizhe , Vachet Richard W. , Thayumanavan S.
Published: November 2018

Sequential introduction of two side-chain functionalities is achieved with nucleophilic “click”.
Effect of hydrothermal carbonization on dewatering performance of dyeing sludge
Authors: Xu Zhenjia , Zhou Jun , Liu Yongdi , Gu Lifeng , Wu Xujun , Zhang Xueying
Published: November 2018

The effects of hydrothermal carbonization (hydrothermal carbonization temperature, hydrothermal carbonization time, pH) on the dehydration performance of dyeing sludge were studied.
An energy self-compensating phosphosilicate material applied to temperature sensors
Authors: Chen Jiang , Li Tiejun , Zhang Zhijing , Ci Zhipeng , Han Lili , Jiao Haiyan , Wang Yuhua
Published: November 2018

For years, researchers have been exploring effective methods of sustaining the emission intensity of phosphors with increasing temperature by suppressing emission loss.
Tunable plasmonic core–shell heterostructure design for broadband light driven catalysis
Authors: Han Chuang , Li Shao-Hai , Tang Zi-Rong , Xu Yi-Jun
Published: November 2018

A tunable core–shell heterostructure design coupling two conceptually different optical absorption models for improved broadband light absorption and hot charge carrier separation toward plasmon-mediated photocatalysis.
Probing the coupling of a dipole-bound electron with a molecular core
Authors: Czekner Joseph , Cheung Ling Fung , Kocheril G. Stephen , Wang Lai-Sheng
Published: November 2018

The spin–orbit coupling of a dipole-bound electron with the neutral core has been studied for the first time.
Active matter on Riemannian manifolds
Authors: Apaza Leonardo , Sandoval Mario
Published: November 2018

Diffusion of active Brownian particles moving on any Riemannian 2-manifold is analytically characterized at both long and short times.
Influence of protein charge patches on the structure of protein–polyelectrolyte complexes
Authors: Samanta Rituparna , Ganesan Venkat
Published: November 2018

Quantified the influence of protein charge heterogeneities on the structure of protein–polyelectrolyte complexes.
Anisotropic mechanics and dynamics of a living mammalian cytoplasm
Authors: Gupta Satish Kumar , Li Yiwei , Guo Ming
Published: November 2018

During physiological processes, cells can undergo morphological changes that can result in a significant redistribution of the cytoskeleton causing anisotropic behavior in both mechanics and dynamics of the cytoplasm.
Magnetite nanoparticles program the assembly, response, and reconfiguration of structured emulsions
Authors: Prileszky Tamás A. , Furst Eric M.
Published: November 2018

Endoskeletal droplets—non-spherical emulsion droplets that respond to external stimuli with shape change—are modified with ferromagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles to make them susceptible to magnetic fields.
Mechano-responsive microcapsules with uniform thin shells
Authors: Vian A. , Amstad E.
Published: November 2018

We introduce micrometer-sized capsules whose shells occupy as little 2% of their volumes. We demonstrate that these capsules are mechanically stable and have a low permeability even towards small encapsulants during storage.
Clusterin increases mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I activity and protects against hexavalent chromium-induced cytotoxicity in L-02 hepatocytes
Authors: Xiao Yuanyuan , Zeng Ming , Yin Lirong , Li Na , Xiao Fang
Published: November 2018

Previous evidence revealed significant elevated liver cancer mortality in the areas where water was contaminated with hexavalent chromium [Cr(vi)], which highlighted that we should pay more attention to Cr(vi)-induced cytotoxicity in hepatocytes.
Influence of the rotor angle precision in control of interior permanent magnet synchronous machine drives and improvement method using sensorless estimator with Hall sensors
Authors: Cortajarena José Antonio , García Sergio , Cortajarena Jon , Barambones Oscar , Alkorta Patxi
Published: November 2018

This document studies torque degradation of an internal permanent magnet motor due to an incorrect rotor angle measurement when low rotor angle resolution sensors are used. The performance of the control with different rotor angle resolution is also analysed to determine the torque error due to the use of an incorrect synchronous rotating reference system. To address torque degradation due to the low resolution of Hall sensors, a new method of estimating the rotor angle is proposed that incorporates the information from Hall sensors. In this way, good resolution is achieved, allowing the machine to be controlled over a wide speed range even with rated torque. This method is validated through simulations and real experiments.