bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Bitter Christ and the Sweet Christ: The Cross and the German Reformations
Authors: Ables Travis E.
Published: May 2022

The magisterial and radical reformations divided over spiritual suffering of the cross in the experience of discipleship; Martin Luther worried that embracing suffering was a form of works righteousness and a sign of fanaticism. Thomas Müntzer, however, embraced the experience of the cross as part of his apocalyptic revolutionary theology. Followers of Müntzer developed his cruciform theology into a cosmic motif of the “gospel of all creatures”; in the absence of a theology of bondage of the will, the idea of suffering discipleship became a major mark of the radical reformation. Disputes over the Lord’s Supper figured into this division as well, demonstrating how the issue of divine agency operated in the background of this debate. Katharina Schütz Zell’s writing in Strasbourg demonstrates how the cross could still function as a marker of pastoral faithfulness, outside of these polemics.
Conclusion
Authors: Ables Travis E.
Published: May 2022

The pattern of holy substitutes persists into the twentieth century in two streams: the lynching of Black Southerners, and the emergence of the fundamentalist movement. Black preachers and theologians used the cross to expose the brutal injustice of the lynching tree, as James Cone argues. Fundamentalists identified penal substitution as one of the nonnegotiables of the Christian faith. These traditions reveal two sides of the cross this book has traced throughout Western Christian history: its function in legitimating the deaths of rejected peoples for the good of the social body, and its role as a boundary marker. Black bodies were murdered to preserve the purity of white society, and fundamentalists leveraged the cross in a culture war against modernism. In Black theology, however, lynching victims become holy figures who exposed the evil of extrajudicial execution, and who participated in Christ’s innocent death. The chapter closes with a reprise of the argument of the book, and a meditation on Anselm and the limitations of atonement theology.
Introduction
Authors: Claviez Thomas , Marchi Viola
Published: May 2022

While ‘ethics 2.0’ cannot be considered a full-blown philosophical trend, the oeuvres of Jacques Derrida, Jean-François Lyotard, Gilles Deleuze, Emmanuel Levinas, and Michel Foucault—which sparked the ’80s turn—have been taken up and further developed, critically adapted, or refuted by scholars such as Alain Badiou, Jacques Rancière, Etienne Balibar, Jean-Luc Marion, François Laruelle, Giorgio Agamben, Quentin Meillassoux, and others. The relationship between ethics and contingency has to be reassessed in a critical review of Hegelian dialectics; and many of the essays assembled in this collection testify to this injunction.
Dumb Luck: Jacques Derrida and the Problem of Contingency
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This essay argues for the irreducible and ineradicable role played by chance, accident, contingency, or what is called here dumb luck in all human affairs, including ethics. It begins by recounting an exemplary story of dumb luck from Herodotus’s Persian Wars before moving on to Jacques Derrida’s analysis of luck or contingency in his recently published seminar Life Death (1975–1976). The essay follows Derrida’s reading of François Jacob’s The Logic of the Living in order to show how this Nobel Prize–winning geneticist tried to minimize or exclude, to the detriment of his own theory, the role of contingency or luck in his understanding of the genetic program. The essay concludes with a brief tale from the American novelist Don DeLillo that helps illustrate how a certain dumb luck informed, as always, at once the writing of this essay and the very invitation that led to it.
Critique, Power, and the Ethics of Affirmation
Authors: Braidotti Rosi
Published: May 2022

This essay outlines the defining features of relational affirmative ethics in the Continental philosophical tradition known as critical Spinozism, notably the materialist but vital life philosophy of Gilles Deleuze. This tradition emphasizes immanence as a nature-culture continuum, which is developed further into a general ecology encompassing technological mediation as our second nature. The chapter defends the relevance of neo-materialist affirmative ethics for the contemporary world, as an antidote to the shallow optimism and pervasive anxiety of our times. The chapter argues that an ethics of affirmation constitutes a robust alternative to the state of disenchantment and conflict that marks the posthuman convergence between great technological advances—the Fourth Industrial Revolution—and the climate change crisis—also known as the Sixth Extinction. In this juncture, affirmative ethics also offers a rigorous vision of the role of affectivity and the imagination in the making of ethical subjectivity.
The Promise of Practical Philosophy and Institutional Innovation
Authors: Cornell Drucilla
Published: May 2022

Some critics have been confused about a life-long engagement with the work of Jacques Derrida and my commitment to normative political philosophy and institutional innovation and transformation. I show that by reading Derrida against some prominent interpretations of his work including renaming deconstruction the philosophy of the limit we can draw out the implications of his own work in support of radical political change. This rereading of Derrida makes him ally, not an opponent, of normative political philosophy, ethics, and radical change. In terms of the theme of the book, contingency opens up unforeseeable possibilities and by so doing breaks up tired left-wing dogmas based on theories of the truth of radical politics.
The Anthropocene as Planetary Machine
Authors: Connolly William E.
Published: May 2022

In chapter 1, William Connolly provides an overview of the conditions of our Anthropocenic world as well as a way to better comprehend it. An abstract machine is a philosophical term from Deleuze and Guattari, and it functions as an interlocking assemblage, a complex system composed of interacting elements to form an abstract but actual whole. Connolly applies this and other concepts from Deleuze and Guattari’s important work to better articulate our contemporary climate crisis. Capitalism is not the only factor in the working of this machine, but it is a key driver of the process of planetary climate change. Connolly offers historical context and geopolitical overview of this complex situation, in hopes that more connections can be made for a critical intervention into this abstract machine.
Suicide Notes (In Remembrance of David Buckel)
Authors: Goodwin Winfield
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins with the ecological suicide of David Buckel, who set himself on fire to protest the ecological destruction of the Earth. Buckel, a political rights attorney and LGBTQ activist who turned to environmentalism, performs an ecocide that Winfred Goodwin reads as a spectacular death in contrast with the myriad forms of “slow death” that are killing our planet. This singular ecocide raises new questions about what Walter Benjamin, already referenced in connection to Kafka by Anidjar, calls Gewalt, force or violence. The memory of Buckel’s act forces us to consider new relations between Gewalt and time and disrupts our assumptions about what political theology is and can be.
Catachresis in the Margins: Notes on Theologico-Political Method
Authors: Hillis Lawrence E.
Published: May 2022

Lawrence Hillis analyzes the tradition of political theology as a form of catechresis, using Anidjar, Agamben, and Derrida, and concluding with Benjamin’s notion of Gewalt. A catachresis is literally a kind of mistake, when someone uses an incorrect word or metaphor. At the same time, this mistake can have creative resonances and generate new interpretations and understandings. Political theology is catachrestic in its joining of the political and the theological, but this mistake is deeply significant for both traditions. In chapter 6, “Catachresis in the Margins,” Hillis concludes that what Benjamin calls divine violence is itself a kind of catechresis in a way that mirrors and distorts what we mean by political theology
Paul between Protagoras and Rancière: “On the basis of equality, … that there may be equality”
Authors: Welborn Larry L.
Published: May 2022

Larry Welborn offers a scholarly interpretation of Paul that figures this Apostle, who appears to authorize a certain paradigmatically violent form of Christianity, as a preacher of equality. Drawing on biblical criticism and contemporary philosophy, Welborn uses the French philosopher Jacques Rancière to help argue that Paul affirms an equality of persons amidst the inequality that pervaded the ancient Greek and Roman world. Our own world is becoming increasingly more and more unequal in material and economic terms, and we desperately need more equality, whether we are Christian or not. Welborn reads “Paul Between Protagoras and Rancière” and concludes that Paul may be a significant resource for us today. He argues that particularly in Corinthians Paul extends “the principle of equality” into the sphere of economic relations between Christ believers in a way that empowers the marginalized peoples who were rendered invisible in the Empire, giving them a voice.
Undressing Political Theology for an Animal-Saint Redress
Authors: Bhogal Balbinder Singh
Published: May 2022

In chapter 10, Balbinder Singh Bhogal sketches a decolonial work to undo the European colonialism at the heart of political theology. He mines Indian religious traditions, particularly Sikhism, to conceptualize sovereignty differently. Beyond egoistic rationalism, a form of ahuman affective knowing links what we call the animal and the saint. Rather than the Western sovereignty of the One, Bhogal asserts a double and doubled sovereignty in Sikhism that is horizontal rather than vertical in its operation. There is an “internal, co-dependent sovereignty” in everyone, “a pluriversal sovereignty within all beings” that undresses political theology in its Western guise.
Implementing Public Schools
Authors: Green Hilary N.
Published: May 2022

Hilary Green’s chapter discusses the struggles over educational reform in Reconstruction-era Mobile, Alabama, as part of the Black struggle to achieve material freedom, beyond nominal or even actual voting rights. Gaining the right to vote was an essential step in emancipation, but ensuring good, affordable, reliable schooling was vital for maintaining those freedoms. Green argues that we should expand our study of Reconstruction beyond the traditional period of 1863–1876 if we are fully to understand the significance of education history and the vital importance of education in maintaining and expanding freedom for African Americans after the Civil War.
Reconstruction Justice
Authors: Watts Samuel
Published: May 2022

Samuel Watts’s chapter tracks the rise and fall of African American police officers in Reconstruction-era Charleston and New Orleans. Watts argues that the presence of black officers on the streets of southern cities had greater impact on the day-to-day lived experience of urban residents than the political battles in state capitals and in Washington, DC. The right of African Americans not just to benefit from changed laws but to be the agents enforcing those laws represented one of the most fundamental and fought over changes in the formerly slave-holding states.
1874
Authors: Fitzgerald Michael W.
Published: May 2022

Michael Fitzgerald’s chapter discusses the role of extra-legal violence and armed self-defense as a means for asserting and maintaining Black freedom. By focusing on the local successes in rural western Alabama the chapter challenges an overly simplistic understanding of Reconstruction where whites—notably Ku Klux Klan groups—attack blacks unable or unwilling to defend themselves. The chapter demonstrates that during the catastrophic 1873 depression, circumstances on the ground could turn in against White League-style terrorists. An increasingly uprooted and homeless agricultural work force proved difficult to defeat by paramilitary measures. African Americans in western Alabama understood that their freedom included the freedom to fight back; and they took advantage of that freedom—sometimes successfully enough to prompt the arrival of Federal troops and protection on voting day. These local fights for freedom had impacts across the state.
“They Mustered a Whole Company of Kuklux as Militia”
Authors: Smith Shannon M.
Published: May 2022

This chapter uses an examination of Ku Klux Klan and militia activity in Kentucky to illustrate how the absence of federal oversight allowed a state that had provided more troops to the Union than the Confederacy during the war to manipulate the law to undercut the newly acquired freedom of Kentucky’s formerly enslaved Black population. Because Kentucky had not seceded from the Union it was not covered by the Reconstruction acts, and the absence of a Republican government at the state level meant that African Americans faced state-sanctioned violence in the guise of the Kentucky militia. When white Democrats attacked Black Republican voters at an election riot in 1871, white militia members were charged with lynching. Since Kentucky state law forbade Black testimony, the white vigilantes who murdered Black community leaders were vulnerable to prosecution in federal court under the Civil Rights Act. To evade federal prosecution the Democratic-majority Kentucky legislature lifted the ban on Black testimony in state courts, returning jurisdiction to the state and ending federal enforcement of the Civil Rights Act. By gaining the freedom to testify, Black Kentuckians ironically lost the promise of federal protection.
Toward an International History of Reconstruction
Authors: Doyle Don H.
Published: May 2022

This essay sketches out a history of the significance of Reconstruction internationally. Noting that the historiography of Reconstruction, unlike the historiography of the Civil War, has resisted the turn to transnational approaches, the essay examines foreign relations and the projection of United States power as a starting point for understanding the nation in its international context during the period. Arguing that US foreign policy after 1865 was driven by two chief principles—to promote republican (as opposed to monarchical/imperial) government in the Americas, and to bring a definitive end to slavery—Doyle shows how the US maneuvered to dislodge all of the European empires from the Western hemisphere and how Reconstruction helped shape the Spanish Caribbean, Mexico, and Brazil.
Fact, Fancy, and Nat Fuller’s Feast in 1865 and 2015
Authors: Kytle Ethan J.
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the wishful thinking behind Nat Fuller’s Feast—a commemorative reenactment held in Charleston, SC, in April 2015. Re-enacting a “miscegenation feast” supposedly hosted by the caterer and former slave Nat Fuller in Charleston in the spring of 1865, the organizers promoted an overly optimistic narrative of the possibilities for racial reconciliation in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War. The chapter demonstrates that the 2015 re-enactment was, in fact, rooted in a Charleston refugee’s mischaracterization of the original feast—one that likely reflected her abiding fears about the post-emancipation breakdown of social barriers between whites and Blacks. While the 2015 re-enactment was real enough and brought together many of Charleston’s leading luminaries—politicians, ministers, intellectuals—the inaccurate memory that it promoted implied that Black freedom was accepted by whites far more widely and quickly and that Reconstruction was less contentious than was actually the case. This misrepresentation, in turn, fed into a self-serving and self-congratulatory narrative among contemporary Charlestonians, giving them license to downplay the contemporary legacies of white resistance to African American freedom over the past 150 years.
The Economy of Sacrifice
Authors: Ruiz Rosaura Martínez
Published: May 2022

Opening with a reading of Freud’s Totem and Taboo, this chapter addresses several key concepts in Freud’s work. These include cruelty, aggression, sacrifice, mourning, melancholia, and the death drive, and the author considers their theorization in a range of Freudian texts, including “Mourning and Melancholia” and Beyond the Pleasure Principle. Noting that the death drive is an insuperable and inextinguishable force in psychic life, and that it can be calmed, subdued, or redirected but not destroyed, the author asks how we might build less cruel societies, worlds in which sacrifice would be less bloody. By way of conclusion, the author offers a first sketch of the “community of mourning duelists [duelistas],” whose erotic combat is more fully theorized in the book’s Postscript.
Beyond the Limit of the Death Drive
Authors: Ruiz Rosaura Martínez
Published: May 2022

This chapter offers a detailed account of the philosophical and political implications of the death drive. The author reads Freud himself as well as commentators including Paul Ricoeur, Herbert Marcuse, and Julia Kristeva in order to locate some alternative paths or “detours” for the death drive. These are, according to the author, ways in which this drive can be redirected rather than repressed or denied. They open onto possibilities for erotic cohabitation and less cruel forms of coexistence. Sublimation and humor are two key means of rerouting the death drive, the author argues, and they can point the way to erotic alternatives, including the formation of “erotic battalions” of the kind envisioned in the author’s Postscript “Toward a Community of Duelists.”
Exergue: On Jacques Derrida’s Glas
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This Exergue presents infrapolitics as a moment of ex-scription in the general movement of deconstruction, i.e., a development and a step beyond its founding moment in the general apparatus of writing. It locates its possibility in Jacques Derrida’s thematization of the figure of Antigone in the context of his discussion of Hegel in Glas.
The Wolf’s Hide
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter examines the two dominant conceptions of political militancy that developed in the 19th century and still mark our understanding of political practice: progressive and reactionary militancy. It places them within the context of late modern subjectivity, examines their speculative connection, and critiques them in the name of finding an alternative to their limitations and constraints. It begins to thematize the necessity of breaking away from the old Parmenidean identification of thinking and being.
Infrapolitics and the Politics of Infrapolitics
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter attempts to provide a definition of infrapolitics, placing it in the context of theoretical developments in the last twenty years of Latin American studies in the humanities. It marks its connection to deconstruction and subaltern studies, its connection with posthegemony and posthegemonic democracy, and its distance from university discourse. It provides an example of infrapolitical practice in the work of Argentinian philosopher Oscar del Barco, and another example in Pierre Clastres and Eduardo Viveiros’s study of Tupí-Guaraní metaphysics.
Infrapolitical Derrida
Authors: Moreiras Alberto
Published: May 2022

This chapter is an attempt to unearth Derridean infrapolitics, which remained mostly implicit, through a discussion of his confrontation with the work of Emmanuel Levinas, primarily in “Violence and Metaphysics” (1964). It shows that the moment of maximum proximity between the two thinkers is also generative of a maximum distance, which produces itself in the form of a different relationship with Martin Heidegger’s legacy. A coda on the notion of errancy continues the thought of an infrapolitical errancy beyond any ideologization of infrapolitics into a theory of truth.
Argument and Dramatis Personae
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

Abstract and Keywords to be supplied.
Agrégations
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This chapter begins by looking at the crucial role played by the agrégation exam in the French academy and, in particular, in the teaching of philosophy in France. The chapter goes on to show how Derrida himself criticized the agrégation—and particularly the notion of the agrégation
program—in the very seminars of the mid-1970s at the Ecole Normale Superieure (Life Death in 1975–1976 and Theory and Practice in 1976–1977) in which he was training students for that very exam. The chapter then follows the notion of “program” as it is developed by Derrida throughout the seminar, in particular through his reading of the biologist François Jacob. It ultimately shows the way in which the notion of “program”—both in pedagogy and in genetics—must always try to account for a “chance” or “accident,” a moment of unpredictability, that exceeds every program and yet is essential to the functioning of every program.
Actes de naissance
Authors: Naas Michael
Published: May 2022

This brief conclusion looks at two final speech “acts” in Derrida and in the French language more generally: an acte de décès, literally a “death act,” typically translated into English as “death certificate,” and an acte de naissance, that is, a “birth certificate.” I conclude with these modalities of “speech act” because they both bring us to the place where, I argue, Derrida begins and ends his reflections on speech act theory, namely, to an act in writing that is always accomplished beyond the subjectivity, power, and life of the person for whom it is issued, an act (of birth or death) that determines the limits of the power that is presumed to reside in the subject, an act that has inscribed within it an ineffaceable reference to time, language, the other, and generations.
Filipino Time
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: May 2022

Filipino Time examines how a variety of immaterial labor performed by Filipinos in the Philippines and around the world, while producing bodily and affective disciplines and dislocations, also generate and explore vital affects, multiple networks, and other worlds. Whether in representations of death in a musical or keeping work time at bay in a call center, these forms of living emerge from and even work alongside capitalist exploitation of affective labor. Affective labor involves human intersubjective interaction and creative capacities. Thus, through creative labor, subjects make communal worlds out of one colonized by capital time. In reading these cultural productions, the book traces concurrent chronicities, ways of sensing and making sense of time alongside capital’s dominant narrative. From the hostile but habitable textures of labor-time, migratory subjects live and weave narratives of place and belonging, produce new modes of connections and ways to feel time with others.The book explores how these chronicities are re-articulated in a capacious archive of storytelling about the Filipino labor diaspora in fiction, in a musical, in an ethnography, and in a documentary film. Each of the genres demonstrates how time and space are manifest in deformations by narrative and genre. These cultural expressions capture life-making capacities within the capitalist world of disruptions and circulations of bodies and time. Thus, they index how selves go out of bounds beyond the economic contract to transform, even momentarily, self, others, time, and their surroundings.
Introduction: Accumulating Time
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: May 2022

The introduction takes a Fan Reaction Video for Venus Raj, a daughter of poverty and Filipino labor diaspora turned beauty queen, to trace how modes of affective exchange have lives beyond and beside capital productions. Communality is the precarious, oftentimes fleeting, gathering of the imagination, wherein human beings reach out to touch others. Coupled with an account of caregivers in Queens, New York, the chapter explores how affect limns the subtle and not so subtle shifts in mood and modes that frame relationships and ways of being in the world. Affective labor creates relationships and manipulates affect. The contractual obligation conjures proximity with another human being, but this power of affective redirection also carves another chronicity and space for the worker within the contracted work-time. These multiple movements nuance how we understand subjects interpellated by multiple locations and normative identities in terms of nation, gender, sexuality, race, and class. Yet, subjects remain irreducible to these calcified categories.
“Holding Out for Something Better”: Timing and Other In-Between Times
Authors: Isaac Allan Punzalan
Published: May 2022

The chapter considers timing or timeliness, as a qualitative experience of time, in three short stories about Filipinos in different types of service work: Mia Alvar’s “The Miracle Worker” in her short story collection In the Country: Stories (2015) about a special education teacher in Bahrain; Michelle Cruz Skinner’s “In the Company of Strangers,” the title short story triptych about domestic workers in Italy; and Nicholas Go’s flash fiction, “The Blind Oracle of Mactan” about a youthful 400-year old masseur who can foretell the future. Timing and timeliness, or kairos in rhetoric, is that intangible eventuality not wholly about individual intent but the deployment of social conditions to configure possibilities for the moment. These narratives of economy highlight how the authors nuance the moment of insight to draw attention to in-between times—speculation, meantimes, and conjoined futurity. These times in-between bring to light vital exchanges and value-making that generate possibilities for world-making and communing otherwise.
Lay Women and the Transformation of Orthodox Christianity in Russia
Authors: Tocheva Detelina
Published: May 2022

Since the fall of the Soviet regime and the resurgence of Orthodoxy in Russia, the Russian Orthodox Church has sustained a discrepancy between its doctrinal positions stressing motherhood and women’s obedience to the husband on one side and, on the other side, some cultural views and practices. These views and practices de facto recognize the Soviet and post-Soviet social norms of female professionalism and single motherhood as integral to the practical functioning of the Russian Orthodox Church at the parish level. This chapter draws on long-term ethnographic fieldwork conducted in the region of Saint Petersburg among parish workers, clergy and casual Orthodox believers, women, and men. It argues that the pragmatic acceptance of real-life norms and values within Church structures has far-reaching repercussions as it has set the conditions for a tacit cultural, even though not doctrinal, turn in the Church regarding women’s participation.
Women and the Georgian Orthodox Church
Authors: Gurchiani Ketevan
Published: May 2022

Despite having a subordinated role in the Orthodox Church of Georgia, women exert their power from the backstage using “hidden transcripts.” This chapter analyzes the informal power employed by women in the Church as a legitimate part of the power relations. This chapter asks how the role of women in the Georgian Orthodox Church evolved as a result of the domestication of religion under the atheistic communist regime and how the current status of women is a continuation of both their empowerment and the reinforcement of traditional gender roles. The roles women performed in the domestic religiosity were and are still based on the traditional view of gender roles. At the same time, the roles performed in domestic religiosity gave women agency, enlarged their domain, and empowered them. The chapter looks at different layers of current religiosity of women. The informal practices, negotiations of meanings and functions within the Church and in the gray zones of religiosity, are the main fields of both obedience and power for women.
Head Coverings, Vaccines, and Gender Politics: Contentious Topics among Orthodox Christian Women in US-based Digital Spaces
Authors: Riccardi-Swartz Sarah
Published: May 2022

Through the lens of media anthropology, this study makes use of digital ethnography to explore the online lifeworlds of conservative Eastern Orthodox women, focusing on their engagement with Facebook groups and how they cultivate, disseminate, argue, and hide their religio-political beliefs through social media engagement. Online social platforms often provide not only transformative places where Orthodox women can gain a sense of religious agency through connecting with each other, they also can tell us more about the social projects, religious ideologies, and moral stances of these women and how they negotiate the current political climate in relationship to their religious values and practices. I suggest that we can learn more about the contemporary, changing social politics of US Orthodoxy from observing and surveying women online, a social space that allows them to voice their opinions in a faith tradition that often excludes them from vocal positions of religious authority. Whether women endorse or subvert the teachings of the Church in the digital religious landscape, they are engaged in vital forms of social discourse, both hidden and displayed, that connect their practices and beliefs to larger societal trends as part of “networked publics.”
“Dressed in a strange fantasy”: The Dialectics of Seeing and the Secret Passages of Desire
Authors: Waterman Adam John
Published: May 2022

Drawing upon media accounts of Black Hawk’s 1833 “tour” of eastern cities, this chapter explores attempts at rendering visuality, and that which is visually perceptible, through words; and how attempts at making readers “see” Black Hawk through words was coterminous with conditions of Black Hawk’s captivity, as well as efforts to establish a sense of personal and national security. It argues that these efforts are nonetheless undermined by traces of homoerotic longing emerging in settler accounts of Black Hawk and his coterie. Overly preoccupied with the physicality of the Indigenous men imprisoned with Black Hawk, the ostensibly male writers who compose their accounts of Black Hawk’s confinement find themselves prone before the Indigenous men and the writers’ assessment of their beauty. This submerged desire is treated as an indication of a similarly repressed desire for an otherwise, for a world beyond racial capitalism, beyond property, beyond the liberal state.
Conclusion: The Afterlives of the Black Hawk War
Authors: Waterman Adam John
Published: May 2022

The story of the Black Hawk War is a story about forgetting and disavowal. Less an event than an archipelagic relation among disparate, if familiar, circumstances, the story of the Black Hawk War was a coral, a reef, a rhizomorphic assemblage of tissues, of numerous conjoined lives, treated as a substance, a resource, mined for its calcium, for its alkaline. Employed in building and in farming, the residues of the story of the war, like the mineralized traces of coral, do not betray their original appearance. They do not call attention to themselves. They are unobtrusive, absorbed: the cement in the foundation, the lime in the garden, the stuff that holds the world together. They stabilize the building; they correct for the acid in the soil. The story of the Black Hawk War prepares the ground for the ongoing reproduction of settler colonialism as the structure of invasion. It grounds that which is ungroundable. It breaks up the world and rebuilds it in the image of its refusal, the negative image of all it rejects. It burns the corn so that it might own the fields. It bakes the coral so that the world might be made ugly, so that the value of the beautiful does not compromise the unspeakable loathsomeness of capital, of the value of money as the standard of all that is good and true and aesthetically, affectively delicious; the measure of all that delights, and delights in common, without being desirous for recognition or remuneration. It hides the blood and the pores.
Zygomatic and Orbitozygomatic Fractures
Authors: Manganello-Souza Luiz Carlos , Ferreira Silva Alexandre Augusto , Saldanha Pacheco Domingos Flávio
Published: May 2022

Zygomatic fractures may cause major inconveniences for patients both functionally and esthetically Orbitozygomatic fractures are characterized chiefly by involvement of the orbit and they often lead to some ocular dysfunction. Zygotnatic fractures, on the other hand, correspond chiefly to damage to the zygoma with anatomic involvement of the orbit. With the objective of rationalizing the treatment of zygomatic fractures, this paper suggests a classification based on the experience of treating and following-up 148 cases for at least three months in the Instituto da Face, in São Paulo, Brazil. Etiology of the trauma,gender, age, direction of theforce vector, time after the fracture and the presence of functional changes were taken into consideration. Fractures were classified as type I (51 cases or 34%) type II (59 cases or 40%) and type III (38 cases or 26%). Type I fractures were treated with transcutaneous reduction, and 48 cases (94%) evolved with good projection of the zygoma. Fractures types II and III underwent direct reduction with visualization of the fracture line, and 55 cases (92%) and 34 cases (89.5%) evolved, respectively, with good projection of the zygoma.
Reflective Class Observation of Korean Language Teachers
Authors: Kim Sang-soo
Published: May 2022

Korean teachers observe and analyze their classes from a reflective point of view. They directly observed videos of their classes and interpret the class. Through this process, the teacher plays the role of a subject who interprets his/her class, and in the process, he/she can look at his/her class as a whole. In this study, 50 selfclass observation reports were collected, and analyzed using the NVivo 12 program. As a result of the analysis, 362 contents of self-reflection by teachers were found, and these were categorized into teacher factors, learner factors, class factors, and environmental factors. Among them, the most reflective content was on class factors. The content was about the problems and difficulties that the teacher encountered in the process of preparing and conducting the class. In order to improve a Korean teacher's class expertise and class quality, it is necessary for the teacher to view and interpret his/her own class from a reflective point of view. Therefore, it is necessary to continuously provide opportunities for class reflection so that teachers can improve their own classes.
Variability of convective activity over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian sea
Authors: PATTANAIK DR
Published: May 2022

The present study is an attempt to examine seasonal and interannual variability of convective activity over the north Indian Ocean. The monthly mean Outgoing Long-wave Radiation (OLR) data obtained from National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) polar orbiting spacecraft are used in this study for a period of 26 year (1979 to 2004).  The period has been divided into two groups of 13 years each with period (i) from 1979 to 1991 and period (ii) from 1992 to 2004. The monthly and seasonal variation of convective activity along with its linear trends analysis during four seasons [winter, Jan-Feb (JF); pre-monsoon, Mar-May (MAM); monsoon, Jun-Sep (JJAS); & post-monsoon, Oct-Dec (OND)] are performed. 

 

 

The difference of seasonal OLR anomalies in winter season between period (ii) & period (i) indicate increase in convective activity during recent period [period (ii)] compared to that of period (i) over the south Arabian Sea & south Bay of Bengal and just the opposite occurred over the rest regions associated with a significant decreasing trend of convective activity over the north and central Arabian Sea (at 99.9% level and 99% level respectively).  During MAM the Bay of Bengal and the eastern part of Arabian Sea are relatively more convective during the recent period compared to the former period with significant increasing trend of convective activity over central Bay of Bengal (99% level) and northern (95% level) Bay of Bengal.  The convective activity increases mainly over the southern parts of the Arabian Sea (dominated in the month of July) and some parts of southern and eastern Bay of Bengal in recent period compared to that of former period during the monsoon season and is associated with significant increasing trend (at 95 % level) of convective activity over the north Bay of Bengal. The post monsoon season also shows significant (at 95% level) increasing trend in convective activity over south Arabian Sea.
An indigenous design of Integrated Automated Current Weather Instruments System (IACWIS) for aeronautical meteorological observations
Authors: BIJU PS , MALI RR , VASHISTHA RD
Published: May 2022

There is an urgent need for modernisation of aeronautical meteorological instruments considering the exponential growth of aviation industry in India.  As a part of modernization, an attempt has been made by the authors to design and develop an Integrated Automated Current Weather Instruments System (IACWIS) for the continuous monitoring of wind direction and speed, temperature and dew point at the touchdown zone of the runway. This system being digital has a lot of advantages such as vector averaging  for wind direction and  wind speed, data archival and amenable for further analysis etc. The system after successful field trials has been installed at seven international airports in the country (Bangalore, Calicut, Diu, Hyderabad, Lucknow, Nagpur and New Delhi). The system meets the operationally desirable accuracy  requirements of International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO, 2004) and vector averaging of wind data as recommended by World Meteorological Organisation (WMO, 1992). The system design capabilities and scope for expansion have been presented in this paper.
A study on water consumption, water use efficiency and crop coefficient of groundnut
Authors: PATIL CHANABASANAGOUDA SANGANAGOUDA
Published: May 2022

A model has been developed for relating crop coefficient of groundnut with time using the data generated by an experiment conducted during kharif 1994 to 1996. The peak value of crop co-efficient was found to be 1.07 on 10th week after sowing. The average water use and water use efficiency for groundnut crop are found to be 315.6 mm and 4.22 kg/ha/mm respectively.
Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) prediction of rainfall using canonical variates during monsoon season in India
Authors: KUMAR ASHOK , MITRA A.K. , BOHRA A.K. , IYENGAR G.R. , DURAI V.R.
Published: May 2022

,f’k;k {ks= dh xzh"dkyhu ekulwu o"kkZ dk fHkUu fHkUu fnDddkfyd iSekuksa ij iwokZuqeku djuk vHkh Hkh ,d dfBu dk;Z gSA vHkh gky ds o"kksZa esa e/; va{kk’k dh rqyuk esa ekWulwu o"kkZ dk e/; vof/k iwokZuqeku nsus dh n{krk esa lekuqikfrd lq/kkj esa deh jgh gSA ekulwu vkSj m".kdfVca/kh; iwokZuqeku esa vkxs vkSj lq/kkj ds fy, Xykscy ekWMyl vkSj vk¡dM+ vkesyu rduhd dk mi;ksx fd;k tk jgk gSSA cgjgky  cgq fun’kZ bUlsEcy ¼,e-,e-bZ-½ iwokZuqeku dh yksdfiz;rk c<+ jgh gS D;ksafd iwokZuqeku esa ,d:irk vkSj  fun’kZ dh vfuf’prrkvksa esa deh dks ns[krs gq, ikrs gaS fd blesa O;kogkfjd  iwokZuqeku djus ds fy, vf/kd lwpuk djkus dh laHkkouk gSA  tSlk fd izeq[k dsUnz okLrfod le; ds ekWMy izfrQyksa dk vkil esa vknku iznku djrs gS blesa ,e-,e-bZ- iwokZuqeku dkS’ky dks c<+kusa esa O;kogkfjd :i ls fdQk;rh rjhdk gSA lk/kkj.k bUlsEcy vkSlr dks NksM+dj ,u-lh-,e-vkj-MCY;w-,Q-@i`Foh foKku ea=ky;] Hkkjr }kjk o"kZ 2009 ds ekulwu ds nkSjku  e/; vof/k ekulwu o"kkZ iwokZuqeku ds fy, ,e-,e-bZ- iwokZuqeku dk vf/kd mi;ksx fd;k x;kA blds fy, izekf.kd fopj rduhd dk iz;ksx fd;k x;kA izkIr fd, x, izfrQyksa dh x.kuk djus ls irk pyk gS fd cgq fun’kZ bUlsEcy iwokZuqeku dh n{krk fdlh ,d ekWMy iwokZuqekuksa dh vis{kk vf/kd lgh gS vkSj ;g vkerkSj ij lk/kkj bUlsEcy vkSlr ls Hkh vf/kd lgh gSA gkyk¡fd Xykscy ekWMyl dh n{krk rhu fnu ds vkxs rd dh gksrh gS ijUrq ,e-,e-bZ- rduhd  dks 5 fnuksa dh vof/k rd ykxw djus ij blesa egRoiw.kZ lq/kkj ns[kk tk ldrk gSA

 The prediction of Asian summer monsoon rainfall at various space-time scales is still a difficult task. Compared to mid-latitudes, proportional improvement in the skill in prediction of monsoon rainfall in medium range had been less in recent years.  Global models and data assimilation techniques are being further improved for monsoon and tropics. However, multi-model ensemble (MME) forecasting is gaining popularity, as it has the potential to provide more information for practical forecasting in terms of making a consensus forecast and reducing the model uncertainties. As major centres are exchanging the model output in near real-time, MME is a viable inexpensive way for enhancing the forecast skill. During monsoon 2009, apart from simple ensemble mean ,the MME predictions of large-scale monsoon precipitation in medium range was carried out NCMRWF/MoES, India. The canonical variates technique is used for it. The skill scores are computed, which indicate that multi-model ensemble forecast  has higher skill than individual model forecasts and also higher than  the simple ensemble mean in general. Although the skill of the global models falls beyond day-3, but a significant improvement could be seen by employing the MME technique up to day-5.
Asymptotic solution for 3D Lee waves across Assam-Burma hills
Authors: DAS PRASANTA , MONDAL SHYAMALKUMAR , DUTTA SOMENATH
Published: May 2022

bl 'kks/k i= esa vle cekZ dh igkfM+;ksa ¼,ch,p½ ds Åij ls cgus okyh yh osc ds m/oZokg@v|ksizokg ds ekSfyd cgko dks vkn’kZ :i  esa izLrqr djus ds fy, ,d mixkeh fu"d"kZ izkIr djus dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gS tgk¡ LFkf;Ro vkSj iou dk ekSfyd cgko Å¡pkbZ ds lkFk fu’pj jgrs gSaA vle–cekZ igkfM+;ksa ds lfUudV nks f=vk;keh nh?kZo`Urkdkj jksf/kdkvksa ds }kjk ig¡pk x;k gS tks dqN fuf’pr nwjh ij ,d ?kkVh }kjk foyx gSA bldks lgtrk ls le>us ds fy, iou ds ekSfyd cgko dks jksf/kdkvksa ds cM+s&cM+s fdukjksa ds yacor ,d vo;o ekuk x;k gSA blds fy, xofuZax lehdj.k esa {kksHk rduhd dks ykxw fd;k x;k gSA {kksHk mnxz osx ¼½ vkSj ok;q izokgh js[kk dh nwjh ¼½ dks f}’k% lekdyksa esa n’kkZ;k x;k gS ftls mixkeh foLrkj ds :i esa le>us dk iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA blls izkIr ifj.kke lqlaxr ik, x, gS vkSj bldh rqyuk iwoZorhZ vUos"k.k dRrkZvksa }kjk izkIr fd, x, ifj.kkeksa ls dh xbZ gSA

 An attempt has been made to obtain an asymptotic solution for the updraft/downdraft associated with Lee wave across the Assam-Burma hills (ABH) for an idealized basic flow, where, both stability and wind in the basic flow remain invariant with height. ABH has been approximated by two three dimensional elliptical barriers, separated by a valley of some finite distance. For simplicity, the basic flow has been assumed to have only one component normal to the major ridges of the barriers. For this purpose, perturbation technique has been applied to the governing equations. The perturbation vertical velocity () and streamline displacement () are expressed as double integrals, which have been attempted to approximate as an asymptotic expansion. The results obtained are found to be consistent and have been compared with the results obtained by earlier investigators.
Trend analysis of climatic variables in Pigeonpea growing regions in India
Authors: KUMAR AMRENDER , CHATTOPADHYAY C , SINGH KN , VENNILA S , RAO VUM
Published: May 2022

Trend analysis of the climate variables at different locations (Kanpur, Hyderabad, Bangalore, Pusa, Pantnagar, Parbhani, Varanasi and Pune) in India were studied. These locations are very important for growing of pulses especially pigeonpea. Trend in these locations were analyzed for the maximum temperature (MaxT), minimum temperature (MinT), rainfall (RF) and bright sunshine hours (BSH) on seasonal (summer, kharif or rainy season and rabi or post-rainy season), monthly (January to December), and weekly (1-52 standard meteorological week) time scales for the period 1970-2010. Significant trends were identified using the Mann-Kendall test and the Sen’s slope estimator. Maximum and minimum temperature series showed a rising trend at most of the stations. Some stations located in the north and northeastern India showed a falling trend in temperature. At most of the stations in the south, central and western parts of India a rising trend was found in various climatic variables except rainfall. Most of the data used in trend analysis pertained to the stations located in urban areas considered as heat islands.
Objective forecast of thundery and non-thundery days using conventional indices over Bangalore during pre-monsoon season
Authors: AGNIHOTRI GEETA
Published: May 2022

Prediction of thunderstorms is a challenging task for a forecaster as their spatial scale is small and lifespan is short. This study aims at evaluating the skill of stability indices with specific thresholds in relation to forecasting thundery and non-thundery days over Bangalore. A total of nine indices derived from radiosonde/radiowind data of Bangalore during 1991-2003 are treated as predictors and their statistical parameters were computed. The Z test (Zxy) was applied to find out significant predictors and the skill score method was used for finding the threshold value amongst the significant predictors. The threshold value of selected predictors is obtained by maximising normalised skill score. The results show that significant indices K (> 33 oC) and SHIm (< 3 oC) are most efficient predictors for 0000 UTC while SLI (< - 4 oC) and DCI (> 44 oC) are most efficient predictors for 1200UTC. These results were verified for pre-monsoon period of 2004-2006 over Bangalore.
Thermal indices in relation to crop phenology of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and urd (Vigna mungo L. Hepper) at Tarai region of Uttarakhand
Authors: KUMAR NEERAJ , KUMAR SUMAN , NAIN AS , ROY SUMANA
Published: May 2022

Field experiments were conducted during kharif and rabi seasons of 2007-08 and 2008-09 at GBPUAT Pantnagar, Uttarakhand to study phenology and GDD, PTU, HTU and PTI for wheat and urd crops at Tarai region of Uttarakhand. Wheat crop were sown on 18 November 2007 and 1 November, 2008 during rabi seasons and urd crop were sown on 7 July 2007 and 20 July 2008, during kharif season. Results revealed that mean GDD, HTU, PTU for wheat and urd crops were 2016, 14383, 22745 and 1592, 8586, 20813 respectively. Physiological maturity can be predicted for wheat and urd by using GDD, HTU, PTU with R2 0.98 and 0.99 respectively. During 2007-08 the HUE for wheat was 2.28 kg grain/ha degree days-1 with grain yield 4250 kg/ha and during 2008-09 HUE was 1.84 kg grain/ha degree days-1 with grain yield 3978 kg/ha. During 2007 the HUE for urd was 1.18 kg grain/ha degree days-1 with grain yield 1878 kg/ha and during 2008 HUE was 0.99 kg grain/ha degree days-1 with grain yield 1584 kg/ha.
Observation and numerical simulation of terrain-disrupted wavy motion in the boundary layer with minor temperature inversion/isothermal at the Hong Kong international airport
Authors: CHAN PW
Published: May 2022

Wavy motion in the boundary layer with minor temperature inversion (less than 1 degree Celsius)/isothermal for terrain-disrupted airflow at the Hong Kong International Airport is documented in the present paper. Wave magnitude of about 3 m/s near the ground increasing to 5 to 6 m/s at 200 m has been observed from the vertical velocity measurement from a minisodar on 13 April, 2012. The wavy motion is not observed from other meteorological measurements, such as conical scan of the radial velocity from a Light Detection And Ranging (LIDAR) system. It is studied in more detail using high-resolution numerical weather prediction model. It is shown in the model simulation results that the wavy motion appears to be associated with airflow disruption of the prevailing south to southwesterly winds by a mountain to the south of the airport.