bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-run trends in top income shares: The role of income and population growth
Authors: Krolage Carla , Peichl Andreas , Waldenström Daniel
Published: March 2022

This paper studies the sensitivity of long-run trends in top income shares to differences in top-share measures. While the standard measure fixes a share of the population, we define alternatives that allow variation in both incomes and size of the top group based on defining absolute income thresholds. In an application to United States data, we find that top income share trends over the past century vary somewhat depending on the measure used. Allowing top groups to increase in size after 1980 along with overall economic growth results in a larger increase of top income shares. The historical drops before WWII are sensitive to the choice of income deflator: using GDP inflates interwar top income shares but using CPI deflates them. Altogether, these results recommend using complementary approaches to defining top income groups when measuring long-term top income share trends.
Professional Financial Advice and Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Schepen Arjen , Burger Martijn J.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we examine the relationship between professional financial advice (PFA) and subjective well-being (SWB). Utilizing the Dutch Household Survey 1995–2018, we find that regarding a professional financial advisor as most important source of financial advice is associated with higher levels of SWB. This association is stronger for households that experienced an increase in income, individuals who do not consider themselves financially knowledgeable, and individuals that have a weaker internal locus of control and have a lower degree of conscientiousness.
Material Flow Analysis and Resource Recovery Potential Analysis of Selected Fruit, Vegetable and Nut Waste in Kenya
Authors: Dulo Benson , Githaiga John , Raes Katleen , De Meester Steven
Published: March 2022

In Kenya, agriculture is an important economic activity, which implies that a significant amount of bio-waste is generated. This is on one hand a waste management problem, but on the other hand, it is an opportunity for creating a sustainable bioeconomy. Therefore, this study investigates the potential recovery of bioresources from Kenyan bio-waste. The study first quantifies occurrence, current usage and disposal of three selected biomass types, being banana, Irish potato and coconut waste. Next, material flow analysis is used to systematically track the mass flow of these wastes. Finally, the potential of biomolecules, biomaterials and bioenergy from the waste streams is evaluated. The study revealed that about 6007, 426 and 50 kt of banana, Irish potato and coconut biomass is wasted. All these wastes can be biorefined, offering potential towards recovery of; flavonoids (74 kt), starch (377 kt), cellulose (2001 kt) and biogas (1757 GWh), being the total potential of the main bioresources from the three waste streams. The study therefore, concluded that, with proper waste collection, sorting and valorisation, there is a huge potential for bioeconomy in Kenya, at the same time reducing waste management problems.

Graphical Abstract
The Democratic Inclusion of Artificial Intelligence? Exploring the Patiency, Agency and Relational Conditions for Demos Membership
Authors: Beckman Ludvig , Rosenberg Jonas Hultin
Published: March 2022

Should artificial intelligences ever be included as co-authors of democratic decisions? According to the conventional view in democratic theory, the answer depends on the relationship between the political unit and the entity that is either affected or subjected to its decisions. The relational conditions for inclusion as stipulated by the all-affected (AAP) and all-subjected principles (ASP) determine the spatial extension of democratic inclusion. Thus, AI qualifies for democratic inclusion if and only if AI is either affected or subjected to decisions by the political unit in relevant ways. This paper argues that the conventional view is too simple; that it neglects democratic reasons to recognize only agents and/or moral patients as participants in decision-making. The claim defended is that AAP and ASP implicitly affirm requirements for agency and patiency. In ASP, the entity included must be an agent understood either in terms of legal status, capacity to comply with the law or ability to recognize legitimate authority. In AAP, the entity included must be a patient, understood either in terms of capacity for sentience or consciousness. Thus, the idea here is to explore the potential democratic inclusion of artificial intelligences by an updated account of the relevant conditions of agency and patiency that are implicit in democratic theory. Although conceivable that AI is or will be either affected or subjected in relevant ways to decisions made by political units, it is far less clear that AI will ever be agents or patients in the sense required for democratic inclusion.
Traumatic scalp myiasis in an elderly from rural Sarawak – A rare presentation due to limited healthcare accessibility – A case report
Authors: Heng Yu Wei , Kong Keen Chee , Bing Yap Nelson Kok
Published: March 2022

ABSTRACT

Introduction:

Traumatic myiasis is a rare presentation in a healthy human being. It is caused by parasitic infestation on a neglected open wound by dipteran larvae, which is also known as maggot. The necrotic tissues and pus serve as a good source of nutrition. We hereby reported a case of severe traumatic scalp myiasis in a 60 years old elderly male from a rural area of Sarawak. Ignorance, poor education level and lack of healthcare accessibility were the key factors causing the rare complication.

Case presentation:

A 60 years old farmer with no known medical illness and drug allergy sustained an open wound over the scalp during farming. He did not seek proper medical treatment due to logistic issues. The wound was found to be infested with maggots after 2 weeks. There was no evidence of osteomyelitic change or intracranial extension on the Computed Tomography Brain (CTB). He was taken to the operation theatre for wound debridement and washout, whereby nearly 80 maggots were removed. He was also covered with broad-spectrum antibiotics for 2 weeks. He eventually returned home with a well-healed wound.

Clinical discussion:

Most of the myiasis cases reported in Malaysia were attributed to the infestation of Chrysomya bezziana species. It involves a variety of anatomical sites, such as skin, intestine, urogenital organs, oral cavity, nasopharyngeal cavity and auricular area. However, scalp myiasis is relatively rare in Malaysia. Although scalp myiasis is often benign, it can be lethal and extend intracranially if left untreated. The most effective treatment of scalp myiasis is by removing all living larvae from the infestation site using forceps followed by debridement.

Conclusion:

Traumatic myiasis is uncommon in a healthy well-being. The predisposing factor, such as a neglected wound, could be predicted when myiasis occurs in an otherwise healthy person. In this case, it is attributed to the lack of accessibility to healthcare services in a rural setting.

Highlights
The Self-Proclaimed Defender of Freedom: The AfD and the Pandemic
Authors: Lehmann Pola , Zehnter Lisa
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged nearly every aspect of life and superseded issues at the core of populist radical right (PRR) parties' ideology, dispossessing them of one of their main narratives. This also challenged the Alternative for Germany (AfD), a relatively young but strong PRR party in opposition. We explore how the party has adjusted its policy supply to this unprecedented situation and how this has affected its popularity among German voters, building our analysis on press releases issued by the AfD between January 2020 and March 2021, vote intention data and recent election results. Initially, the party's reaction was inconsistent, but from autumn 2020 the AfD focused on fuelling discontent with the government's lockdown measures, acting as a supporter of the anti-coronavirus demonstrations. It framed its response as elite critique. So far, its siding with the lockdown protesters, however, has not had any positive effect on support for the party.
Exponential asymptotics for steady parasitic capillary ripples on steep gravity waves
Authors: Shelton Josh , Trinh Philippe H.
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we develop an asymptotic theory for steadily travelling gravity–capillary waves under the small-surface tension limit. In an accompanying work (Shelton et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 922, 2021) it was demonstrated that solutions associated with a perturbation about a leading-order gravity wave (a Stokes wave) contain surface-tension-driven parasitic ripples with an exponentially small amplitude. Thus, a naive Poincaré expansion is insufficient for their description. Here, we develop specialised methodologies in exponential asymptotics for derivation of the parasitic ripples on periodic domains. The ripples are shown to arise in conjunction with Stokes lines and the Stokes phenomenon. The resultant analysis associates the production of parasitic ripples to the complex-valued singularities associated with the crest of a steep Stokes wave. A solvability condition is derived, showing that solutions of this type do not exist at certain values of the Bond number. The asymptotic results are compared with full numerical solutions and show excellent agreement. The work provides corrections and insight of a seminal theory on parasitic capillary waves first proposed by Longuet-Higgins (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 16, issue 1, 1963, pp. 138–159).
Friction effects on quasi-steady dam-break wave propagation on horizontal beds
Authors: Nielsen Peter , Xu Beibei , Wüthrich Davide , Zhang Shaotong
Published: March 2022

The propagation of dam-break waves on different rough beds was observed to be quasi-steady in the range

$11.3 < x/h_{dam} < 18.8$

, where

$x$

is measured from the dam position. These quasi-steady propagation speeds converge with the steady ideal fluids model of Stoker (Water Waves, 1957, Interscience) when the tailwater depth

$h_2$

becomes greater than

${\sim }0.5k_s$

, in the range

$0.001< k_s/h_{dam}< 0.2$

, where

$k_s$

is the roughness and

$h_{dam}$

the depth behind the dam. Hence, this convergence encourages the use of Stoker's steady, ideal fluid solution to develop more general models, including friction effects due to bed roughness and/or viscosity. The new experimental data support a MacLaurin series for the celerity

$c$

, in analogy with the series in terms of

$\sqrt [4]{{h_2}/{h_{dam}}}$

, derived for Stoker's model,

$h_2$

being the tailwater depth. Compared with the retarding effect of the tailwater, 1 mm of roughness is found to be equivalent to

$\sim$

13 mm of tailwater, and 1 

$\mathrm {\mu }$

m of viscous length (

${\nu }/{\sqrt {gh_{dam}}}$

, where

${\nu}$

is the kinematic viscosity and g the acceleration due to gravity) is equivalent to

$\sim$

1700 

$\mathrm {\mu }$

m of tailwater. While the MacLaurin series quantifies the similar effects of small roughness and small tailwater depths acting separately, the new data illustrate for the first time the complex interplay between tailwater and roughness on ‘wet beds’ with many details yet to be investigated. In particular, it was shown that a small amount of tailwater on a rough bed acts as a lubricant, so that

$c(h_2, h_{dam}, k_s)$

is an increasing function of

$h_2$

for

$h_2 < 0.5k_s$

.
On the shear-driven surfactant layer instability
Authors: Mizev Aleksey , Shmyrov Andrey , Shmyrova Anastasia
Published: March 2022

The convective flow generated by a source located at a water surface containing an insoluble surfactant has been investigated experimentally. The application of various sources, which differ in the way in which they drive the interface into motion, and two surfactants with different rheological properties made it possible to generalize the results and to develop a unified approach to describing the problem. We show that the threshold occurrence of a two-zone flow structure with an axisymmetric flow nearby the source and stagnant zone at the periphery results from the competition between two counter-directed shear stresses caused by surfactant concentration inhomogeneity and source influence. We demonstrate that, regardless of the source type, the ratio of these stresses, known as the elasticity number, can be used to predict the formation of a two-zone flow and to define the position of the boundary between the zones. We examined in detail the conditions for formation of the multi-vortex flow within the stagnant zone. Although this phenomenon has been observed by many researchers, it has not yet met a consistent physical explanation. We hypothesized that the formation of vortices can be considered as the instability of the mechanical equilibrium of the surfactant layer caused by the shear on the side of the underlying bulk flow. Based on the mechanism suggested, we introduced a non-dimensional parameter, called the surface Rayleigh number, and estimated its critical value. Finally we analysed the conditions for the occurrence of this instability, called the shear-driven surfactant layer instability in some famous problems of interfacial hydrodynamics.
A one-dimensional model for the pulsating flow of cerebrospinal fluid in the spinal canal
Authors: Sincomb S. , Coenen W. , Gutiérrez-Montes C. , Martínez Bazán C. , Haughton V. , Sánchez A.L.
Published: March 2022

The monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) fluctuations, which is needed in the context of a number of neurological diseases, requires the insertion of pressure sensors, an invasive procedure with considerable risk factors. Intracranial pressure fluctuations drive the wave-like pulsatile motion of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) along the compliant spinal canal. Systematically derived simplified models relating the ICP fluctuations with the resulting CSF flow rate can be useful in enabling indirect evaluations of the former from non-invasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the latter. As a preliminary step in enabling these predictive efforts, a model is developed here for the pulsating viscous motion of CSF in the spinal canal, assumed to be a linearly elastic compliant tube of slowly varying section, with a Darcy pressure-loss term included to model the fluid resistance introduced by the trabeculae, which are thin collagen-reinforced columns that form a web-like structure stretching across the spinal canal. Use of Fourier-series expansions enables predictions of CSF flow rate for realistic anharmonic ICP fluctuations. The flow rate predicted using a representative ICP waveform together with a realistic canal anatomy is seen to compare favourably with in vivo phase-contrast MRI measurements at multiple sections along the spinal canal. The results indicate that the proposed model, involving a limited number of parameters, can serve as a basis for future quantitative analyses targeting predictions of ICP temporal fluctuations based on MRI measurements of spinal-canal anatomy and CSF flow rate.
Population dynamics ofArctica islandicaat Georges Bank (USA): an analysis of sex-based demographics
Authors: Hemeon Kathleen M. , Powell Eric N. , Pace Sara M. , Redmond Theresa E. , Mann Roger
Published: March 2022

The ocean quahog,Arctica islandica, is a commercially important bivalve in the eastern USA but very little is known about the recruitment frequency and rebuilding capacity of this species. As the longest-living bivalve on Earth,A. islandicacan achieve lifespans in excess of 200 y; however, age determinations are difficult to estimate and age variability at size is extreme. Objectives for this study included the creation of an extremely large age-composition dataset to constrain age at length variability, development of reliable age-length keys (ALK), and descriptions of sex-based population dynamics for the quasi-virginA. islandicapopulation at Georges Bank (GB) within the greater US Mid-Atlantic stock. Sexually dimorphic characteristics are clearly present, as females are larger than males within age classes and males tend to dominate the oldest age classes. A male represented the maximum age of 261 years and is older than the maximum age previously documented for this region. Sex-specific ALKs were robust and reliable but not interchangeable. This population had higher estimated natural mortality rates than presumed for other regions in the Mid-Atlantic, and females have the highest mortality rate. However, recruitment expansion was also occurring which would affect the age-frequency data used to derive mortality estimates and result in higher mortality. Age frequencies at GB suggest effective recruitment to the population each year since 1867 CE. Reduced recruitment periods are documented and likely attributed to fluctuating environmental conditions. Sex-based demographics are clearly divergent in regard to growth rate, maximum size, longevity and mortality rates.
Valuing water purification services of forests: a production function approach using panel data from China's Sichuan province
Authors: Liu Zhaoyang , Huang Heqing
Published: March 2022

The water purification functions of forests represent one of the most frequently invoked examples of nonmarket ecosystem services that are economically valuable. This study quantifies the monetary value of forests' water purification services in the form of the ensuing cost savings of municipal drinking water treatment, using a rich panel dataset from China's Sichuan province. Moreover, this study has undertaken a novel spatial piecewise approach to investigate the spatial patterns of such cost savings delivered by forests at different distances from the water intake point. The estimation results find that forests within a 2 km radius upstream from the water intake point have the most sizeable and statistically significant cost saving effect. For forests within a 3 km radius, this effect becomes somewhat smaller but remains statistically significant. Beyond a 4 km radius, this effect becomes notably smaller and statistically equal to zero. Our analysis facilitates the optimal spatial targeting of forest conservation.
Climate scenario analysis: An illustration of potential long-term economic & financial market impacts
Authors: Bongiorno Luca , Claringbold Andrew , Eichler Lisa , Jones Claire , Kramer Bert , Pryor Louise , Spencer Nick
Published: March 2022

This paper illustrates the potential impacts of climate change on financial markets, focusing on their long-term significance. It uses a top-down modelling tool developed by Ortec Finance in partnership with Cambridge Econometrics that combines climate science with macro-economic and financial effects to examine the possible impacts of three plausible (not extreme) climate pathways. The paper first considers the impact on gross domestic product (GDP), finding that GDP is lower in all three pathways, with the most severe reduction in the Failed Transition Pathway where the Paris Agreement climate targets are not met. The model then translates these GDP impacts into financial market effects. In the Failed Transition Pathway, cumulative global equity returns are approximately 50% lower over the period 2020–2060 than in the climate-uninformed base case. For the other two pathways where the Paris Agreement targets are met, the corresponding figures are 15% and 25% lower returns than in the base case. Results are provided for other asset classes too. These demonstrate that climate change represents a significant market risk, with implications for financial planning, modelling and regulation.
Resolving Differences in the Rupture Properties of M5 Earthquakes in California Using Bayesian Source Spectral Analysis
Authors: Trugman Daniel T.
Published: March 2022

The spectra of earthquake waveforms can provide important insight into rupture processes, but the analysis and interpretation of these spectra is rarely straightforward. Here we develop a Bayesian framework that embraces the inherent data and modeling uncertainties of spectral analysis to infer key source properties. The method uses a spectral ratio approach to correct the observed S‐wave spectra of nearby earthquakes for path and site attenuation. The objective then is to solve for a joint posterior probability distribution of three source parameters—seismic moment, corner frequency, and high‐frequency falloff rate—for each earthquake in the sequence, as well as a measure of rupture directivity for select target events with good azimuthal station coverage. While computationally intensive, this technique provides a quantitative understanding of parameter tradeoffs and uncertainties and allows one to impose physical constraints through prior distributions on all source parameters, which guide the inversion when data is limited. We demonstrate the method by analyzing in detail the source properties of 14 different target events of magnitude M5 in southern California that span a wide range of tectonic regimes and fault systems. These prominent earthquakes, while comparable in size, exhibit marked diversity in their source properties and directivity, with clear spatial patterns, depth‐dependent trends, and a preference for unilateral directivity. These coherent spatial variations source properties suggest that regional differences in tectonic setting, hypocentral depth or fault zone characteristics may drive variability in rupture processes, with important implications for our understanding of earthquake physics and its relation to hazard.
Adiponectin receptor agonist ameliorates cardiac lipotoxicity via enhancing ceramide metabolism in type 2 diabetic mice
Authors: Kim Yaeni , Lim Ji Hee , Kim Eun Nim , Hong Yu Ah , Park Hun-Jun , Chung Sungjin , Choi Bum Soon , Kim Yong-Soo , Park Ji Yong , Kim Hye Won , Park Cheol Whee
Published: March 2022

Accumulation of lipids and their metabolites induces lipotoxicity in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Lowering ceramide concentration could reduce the impact of metabolic damage to target organs. Adiponectin improves lipotoxicity through its receptors (AdiopRs), which have sequence homology with ceramidase enzymes. Therefore, cardioprotective role of AdipoR agonism by AdipoRon was investigated. Sixteen-week-old male db/m and db/db mice were fed a diet containing AdipoRon for four weeks. Phenotypic and metabolic profiles with associated cellular signaling pathways involved in lipid metabolism were investigated in the mice heart and human cardiomyocytes to establish treatment effect of AdipoRon. AdipoRon ameliorated insulin resistance, fibrosis, M1-dominant inflammation, and apoptosis in association with reduced accumulations of free fatty acid, triglycerides, and TLR4-related ceramide in the heart. This resulted in overall reduction in the level of oxidative stress which ameliorated cardiac hypertrophy and its function. AdipoRon increased the expression of AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 via pAMPK/FoxO1-induced Akt phosphorylation resulting from a decrease in PP2A level. It also increased acid ceramidase activity which reduced ceramide and increased sphingosine-1 phosphate levels in the heart of db/db mice and cultured human cardiomyocytes. Consistent upregulation of AdipoRs and their downstream regulatory pathways involving pAMPK/PPARα/PGC-1α levels led to lipid metabolism enhancement, thereby improving lipotoxicity-induced peroxisome biogenesis and oxidative stress. AdipoRon might control oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis in the heart through increased AdipoR expression, acid ceramidase activity, and activation of AMPK-PPARα/PGC-1α and related downstream pathways, collectively improving cardiac lipid metabolism, hypertrophy, and functional parameters.
A hydrogen sulphide-responsive and depleting nanoplatform for cancer photodynamic therapy
Authors: Zhang Yuqi , Fang Jing , Ye Shuyue , Zhao Yan , Wang Anna , Mao Qiulian , Cui Chaoxiang , Feng Yali , Li Jiachen , Li Sunao , Zhang Mingyang , Shi Haibin
Published: March 2022

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) as an important biological gasotransmitter plays a pivotal role in many physiological and pathological processes. The sensitive and quantitative detection of H2S level is therefore crucial for precise diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of various diseases but remains a huge challenge due to the lack of accurate and reliable analytical methods in vivo. In this work, we report a smart, H2S-responsive and depleting nanoplatform (ZNNPs) for quantitative and real-time imaging of endogenous H2S for early diagnosis and treatment of H2S-associated diseases. We show that ZNNPs exhibit unexpected NIR conversion (F1070 → F720) and ratiometric photoacoustic (PA680/PA900) signal responsiveness towards H2S, allowing for sensitive and quantitative visualization of H2S in acute hepatotoxicity, cerebral hemorrhage model as well as colorectal tumors in living mice. ZNNPs@FA simultaneously scavenges the mitochondrial H2S in tumors leading to significant ATP reduction and severe mitochondrial damage, together with the activated photodynamic effect, resulting in efficient suppression of colorectal tumor growth in mice. We believe that this platform may provide a powerful tool for studying the vital impacts of H2S in related diseases.
Dichotomy of platinum(II) and gold(III) carbene intermediates switching from N- to O-selectivity
Authors: Jin Hongming , Tong Wen-Yan , Zhang Jing , Rudolph Matthias , Rominger Frank , Shen Xu , Qu Shuanglin , Hashmi A. Stephen K.
Published: March 2022

Pt(II) and Au(III)-mediated intermolecular divergent annulations of benzofurazans and ynamides highlighted theN- toO-selectivity of tunable metal carbene intermediates. PtCl2with a bulky phosphite ligand resulted in the specific synthesis of six-membered quinoxalineN-oxides and successfully suppressed the in-situ deoxygenation ofN-oxides. On the other hand, an unique gold(III) catalyst (2,6-di-MeO-PyrAuCl3) led to the five-membered ring products, benzimidazoles. A broad scope of functional groups was well compatible, delivering better yields and selectivities in contrast to conventional gold(I) catalysts. The different behavior of presumed platinum(II) and gold(III) carbenes with respect to chemoselectivity was intensively examined by experiments and DFT calculations. A detailed mechanistic study, based on DFT calculations, revealed that the highly electrophilic carbocation-like gold(III) carbene triggers an oxophilic cyclization, followed by a cascade ring contraction and acyl migration. On the contrary, the Pt carbene species is less cationic, favoring the formation of the six-membered ring viaN-attack.
Global land projection based on plant functional types with a 1-km resolution under socio-climatic scenarios
Authors: Chen Guangzhao , Li Xia , Liu Xiaoping
Published: March 2022

This study presents a global land projection dataset with a 1-km resolution that comprises 20 land types for 2015–2100, adopting the latest IPCC coupling socioeconomic and climate change scenarios, SSP-RCP. This dataset was produced by combining the top-down land demand constraints afforded by the CMIP6 official dataset and a bottom-up spatial simulation executed via cellular automata. Based on the climate data, we further subdivided the simulation products’ land types into 20 plant functional types (PFTs), which well meets the needs of climate models for input data. The results show that our global land simulation yields a satisfactory accuracy (Kappa = 0.864, OA = 0.929 and FoM = 0.102). Furthermore, our dataset well fits the latest climate research based on the SSP-RCP scenarios. Particularly, due to the advantages of fine resolution, latest scenarios and numerous land types, our dataset provides powerful data support for environmental impact assessment and climate research, including but not limited to climate models.
Comparative microelectrode array data of the functional development of hPSC-derived and rat neuronal networks
Authors: Kapucu Fikret Emre , Vinogradov Andrey , Hyvärinen Tanja , Ylä-Outinen Laura , Narkilahti Susanna
Published: March 2022

We present a dataset of microelectrode array (MEA) recordings from human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived and rat embryonic cortical neurons during their in vitro maturation. The data were prepared to assess extracellularly recorded spontaneous activity and to compare the functional development of these neuronal networks. In addition to recordings of spontaneous activity, we provide pharmacological responses of hPSC-derived and rat cortical cultures at their mature stage. Together with the recorded electrode raw data, we share the analysis code to form a comprehensive dataset including spike times, spike waveforms, burst activity and network synchronization metrics calculated with two different connectivity estimators. Moreover, we provide the analysis code that produced the key scientific findings published previously with this dataset. This large dataset enables investigation of the functional aspects of maturing cortical neuronal networks and provides substantial parameters to assess the differences and similarities between hPSC-derived and rat cortical networks in vitro. This publicly available dataset will be beneficial, especially for experimental and computational neuroscientists.
Study on dust migration law and spray dedusting technology in parallel double belt transportation
Authors: Jing Deji , Jiang Zhuo , Ma Mingxing , Zhang Tian , Liu Hongwei , Yu Tao
Published: March 2022

To effectively solve the problem of dust pollution caused by the parallel double-belt transportation of coal in a coal preparation plant, taking the Huangyuchuan coal preparation plant as an example, a numerical model of the air flow-dust distribution was established by means of simulation. The flow lines between the strips of tape and the tail of the tape machine will gather, and there will be backflow on the right side of the 3001 tape and left side of the 3002 tape. Under the action of wind current, most of the dust particles larger than 10 μm are distributed in the range of 0–5 m on both sides of the tape; dust particles smaller than 10 μm spread to the entire preparation workshop. Combined with field test verification, dust pollution is mainly concentrated at the guide trough, the feed inlet, the rear of the machine, and the joint of the belt corridor. Based on this, a targeted spray dust reduction treatment plan is proposed. By measuring the dust concentration before and after the treatment of dust-polluted areas, it is proven that the dust reduction efficiency of this plan can reach more than 90%.
Surgical outcomes of acute type A aortic dissection in dialysis patients: lessons learned from a single-center’s experience
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Ge Pingping , Lu Lichong , Ge Min , Chen Cheng , Zhang Lifang , Wang Dongjin
Published: March 2022

There is a paucity of data describing the safety and efficacy of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) repair surgeries in dialysis patients. Our study aimed to investigated the influence of dialysis on early and late outcomes in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients who received repair surgery for ATAAD. A total of 882 ATAAD patients who received emergency aortic dissection repair at our center from January 2015 to December 2019 were retrospectively screened in this study and divided into the dialysis group (n = 16) and the non-dialysis group (n = 866), depending on whether they required dialysis for preoperative ESRD. No significant difference of age, preoperative hemodynamics, organ ischemia conditions, operative variables as well as the 30-Day mortality and in-hospital complications was discovered between two groups. However, the survival rates and the proportion of late aortic event (sudden death and reoperation) free population at 1 and 3 years after surgery were significantly decreased in dialysis patients compared to non-dialysis patients. Our study indicated that the short-term surgical outcomes of ATAAD in dialysis patients were comparable to non-dialysis patient. However, the dialysis patients were associated with a worse long-term prognosis.
The reaction pathways of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural conversion in a continuous flow reactor using copper catalysts
Authors: Chen Bao , Li Xin , Rui Peng , Ye Yuewen , Ye Tongqi , Zhou Rulong , Li Dongdong , Carter James H. , Hutchings Graham J.
Published: March 2022

The transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural is investigated using supported and bulk copper oxide catalysts.
Improved protective and controlled releasing effect of fish oil microcapsules with rice bran protein fibrils and xanthan gum as wall materials
Authors: Tang Wenting , Pang Shuxian , Luo Yongxue , Sun Qingjie , Tian Qin , Pu Chuanfen
Published: March 2022

Fish oil microcapsules formulated with a combination of rice bran protein fibrils and xanthan gum as wall materials present improved encapsulation efficiency and oxidation stability and a favorable controlled release effect for FFA.
Anti-hyperlipidemic and ameliorative effects of chickpea starch and resistant starch in mice with high fat diet induced obesity are associated with their multi-scale structural characteristics
Authors: Zhao Mengliu , Cui Wenxin , Hu Xinzhong , Ma Zhen
Published: March 2022

The multi-scale structure and in vivo physiological effects of chickpea starches (UC-S and CC-S) and their corresponding resistant starch (UC-RS and CC-RS) on controlling hyperlipidemia in high fat diet induced obese mice were compared in this study.
Rational design of engineered H-ferritin nanoparticles with improved siRNA delivery efficacy across an in vitro model of the mouse BBB
Authors: Yuan Ziwei , Wang Bin , Teng Yilong , Ho William , Hu Bin , Boakye-Yiadom Kofi Oti , Xu Xiaoyang , Zhang Xue-Qing
Published: March 2022

This work presents a simple yet elegant siRNA encapsulation approach based on arginine mutations on the inner surface of HFn, offering insights into the development of biomimic nanoaparticles for the delivery of siRNA therapeutics to the brain.
Star polymer networks: a toolbox for cross-linked polymers with controlled structure
Authors: Nakagawa Shintaro , Yoshie Naoko
Published: March 2022

This review provides comprehensive knowledge on synthetic methods of star polymer networks – structurally controlled three-dimensional networks of polymer chains by means of end-linking between monodisperse star polymers.
The construction of a two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid double perovskite ferroelastic with a high Tc and narrow band gap
Authors: Su Chang-Yuan , Yao Ye-Feng , Zhang Zhi-Xu , Wang Ying , Chen Ming , Huang Pei-Zhi , Zhang Yi , Qiao Wen-Cheng , Fu Da-Wei
Published: March 2022

By using a lead-free AgBi-based scheme, we successfully synthesized a two-dimensional double perovskite ferroelastic (DPA)4AgBiBr8 with high Tc of 375 K and a narrow band gap of 2.44 eV, where DPA is 2,2-dimethylpropan-1-aminium.
A multifunctional 3D dressing unit based on the core–shell hydrogel microfiber for diabetic foot wound healing
Authors: Huang Qiwei , Wu Tingbin , Wang Lihuan , Zhu Jichang , Guo Yongshi , Yu Xi , Fan Longfei , Xin John H. , Yu Hui
Published: March 2022

Multifunctional (moisture absorption and retention, antibacterial activity, biocompatibility, and adjustable drug release) diabetic wound dressing in coaxial 3D bioprinting.
Engineering NiMoO4/NiFe LDH/rGO multicomponent nanosheets toward enhanced electrocatalytic oxygen evolution reaction
Authors: Jin Lei , Wang Qing , Wang Kun , Lu Yuchen , Huang Bingji , Xu Hui , Qian Xingyue , Yang Lida , He Guangyu , Chen Haiqun
Published: March 2022

An innovative multicomponent nanosheet catalyst composed of 2D NiMoO4 nanosheets decorated with 2D NiFe LDH nanosheets on 2D rGO is constructed for boosting electrocatalytic OER.
The crystal structure and oxygen reduction reaction of Ni(ii)-complex templated borate-sulfate and borate
Authors: Xin Shu-Sheng , Deng Yan-Ling , Pan Chun-Yang
Published: March 2022

Three borates (1, 2, and 3) exhibit different interlinkage modes. 1, 2, and 3-based catalysts have shown the best ORR activity with a half-wave potential of 0.78 V for 1, 0.74 V for 2 and 0.79 V for 3.
Near-infrared light induced adsorption–desorption cycle for VOC recovery by integration of metal–organic frameworks with graphene oxide nanosheets
Authors: Liu Hongli , Li Ningyun , Feng Mengying , Li Guiying , Zhang Weiping , An Taicheng
Published: March 2022

A photodynamic GO@MIL-101 adsorbent was presented by growing several isolated MIL-101 nanoparticles onto GO nanosheets, which was able to realize the complete desorption of VOCs within 60 min under UV-vis-NIR light irradiation.
Screening and bioavailability evaluation of anti-oxidative selenium-containing peptides from soybeans based on specific structures
Authors: Zhang Xing , He Hui , Xiang Jiqian , Hou Tao
Published: March 2022

SFQSeM is a potential replacement for inorganic selenium and seleno-amino acids to promote antioxidant capacity and regulate selenium toxicity.
Encapsulated RuP2–RuS2 nanoheterostructure with regulated interfacial charge redistribution for synergistically boosting hydrogen evolution electrocatalysis
Authors: Li Ping , Li Wenqin , Huang Yuqi , Li Jixin , Huang Quhua , Zhao Shien , Tian Shuanghong
Published: March 2022

A novel strategy is established to engineer a nanocomposite comprising RuP2–RuS2 nanoheterostructure encapsulated in multi-doped porous carbon nanosheets as integrated electrocatalyst with optimized hydrogen binding strength for boosting HER.
Recent advances in bioinspired superhydrophobic ice-proof surfaces: challenges and prospects
Authors: Feng Xiaoming , Zhang Xiaowei , Tian Guizhong
Published: March 2022

The latest developments in the ice-proof materials, preparation technology, anti-icing strategies and durability of bionic superhydrophobic anti-icing surfaces are summarized in detail.
An improved bioinspired strategy to construct nitrogen and phosphorus dual-doped network porous carbon with boosted kinetics potassium ion capacitors
Authors: Zhang Chenchen , Li Qian , Wang Tongde , Miao Yidong , Qi Jiqiu , Sui Yanwei , Meng Qingkun , Wei Fuxiang , Zhu Lei , Zhang Wen , Cao Peng
Published: March 2022

This article using a novel versatile self-sacrifice method to fabricate three-dimensional N/P co-doped meshwork carbon (3D NPMC), which is promised material for K+ storage through electrochemical representation and DFT calculations.
A predictive and mechanistic statistical modelling workflow for improving decision making in organic synthesis and catalysis
Authors: Betinol Isaiah O. , Reid Jolene P.
Published: March 2022

Multivariate logistic regression models can be developed and utilized as a strategy to streamline the reaction optimization process.
The use of bromopyridazinedione derivatives in chemical biology
Authors: Bahou Calise , Chudasama Vijay
Published: March 2022

Herein we disclose the chemically unique features of the pyridazinedione scaffold and how these have been applied in various bioconjugation methodologies.
Synthesis of stable isotope labelled steroid bis(sulfate) conjugates and their behaviour in collision induced dissociation experiments
Authors: Fitzgerald Christopher C. J. , McLeod Malcolm D.
Published: March 2022

Selective incorporation of stable isotope labelled sulfate esters in steroidal systems affords internal standards and MS probes to investigate the fragmentation patterns of mono- and bis-conjugated derivatives in CID MS/MS experiments.
Pot- and atom-economic synthesis of oligomeric non-fullerene acceptors via C–H direct arylation
Authors: Wang Li-Hong , Chen Xian-Jie , Ye Dong-Nai , Liu Hui , Chen Yan , Zhong Ai-Guo , Li Chang-Zhi , Liu Shi-Yong
Published: March 2022

Three long-chain oligomeric acceptors with a stepwise increase in conjugation length are obtained via three successive one-pot reactions and a systematic structure–property–performance relationship study was carried out.
The critical role of ligand topology: strikingly different properties of Gd(iii) complexes with regioisomeric AAZTA derivatives
Authors: Martinelli Jonathan , Boccalon Mariangela , Horvath David , Esteban-Gomez David , Platas-Iglesias Carlos , Baranyai Zsolt , Tei Lorenzo
Published: March 2022

Two regioisomeric Gd(III) complexes with heptadentate AAZTA-like ligands show different hydration state (q = 1 and 2) and astonishingly different thermodynamic stability and dissociation kinetics.
Base-promoted anaerobic intramolecular cyclization synthesis of 4,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-thiadiazoles
Authors: Dong Cong , Mai Shaoyu , Wang Shuai , Li Xin , Song Qiuling
Published: March 2022

An alkali-promoted, transition-metal-free and oxidant-free method to construct 4,5-disubstituted-1,2,3-thiadiazoles fromN-tosylhydrazone-bearing thiocarbamates by employing a sustainable intramolecular reaction strategy has been developed.
Selective formation of [Au23(SPhtBu)17]0, [Au26Pd(SPhtBu)20]0 and [Au24Pt(SC2H4Ph)7(SPhtBu)11]0 by controlling ligand-exchange reaction
Authors: Negishi Yuichi , Horihata Hikaru , Ebina Ayano , Miyajima Sayuri , Nakamoto Mana , Ikeda Ayaka , Kawawaki Tokuhisa , Hossain Sakiat
Published: March 2022

This study succeeded in obtaining three new thiolate protected metal nanoclusters by changing the ligand-exchange condition from previous studies.
Endowing matrix-free carbon dots with color-tunable ultralong phosphorescence by self-doping
Authors: Shi Huixian , Niu Zuoji , Wang He , Ye Wenpeng , Xi Kai , Huang Xiao , Wang Hongliang , Liu Yanfeng , Lin Hengwei , Shi Huifang , An Zhongfu
Published: March 2022

A new type of CDs with abundant carbonyl groups shows color-tunable ultralong phosphorescence from blue to red by self-doping, which was applied in information encryption and light detection.
Tumor microenvironment-regulated nanoplatforms for the inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis in chemo-immunotherapy
Authors: Yu Xueping , Wang Xiupeng , Yamazaki Atsushi , Li Xia
Published: March 2022

Combining MM NPs with DOX and the anti-CTLA-4 antibody simultaneously inhibited the growth of primary tumors and distant untreated tumors owing to the optimized TME regulatory functions from different aspects.
Targeting β-catenin in acute myeloid leukaemia: past, present, and future perspectives
Authors: Wagstaff Megan , Coke Brandon , Hodgkiss Georgia R. , Morgan Rhys G.
Published: March 2022

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive disease of the bone marrow with a poor prognosis. Evidence suggests long established chemotherapeutic regimens used to treat AML are reaching the limits of their efficacy, necessitating the urgent development of novel targeted therapies. Canonical Wnt signalling is an evolutionary conserved cascade heavily implicated in normal developmental and disease processes in humans. For over 15 years its been known that the central mediator of this pathway, β-catenin, is dysregulated in AML promoting the emergence, maintenance, and drug resistance of leukaemia stem cells. Yet, despite this knowledge, and subsequent studies demonstrating the therapeutic potential of targeting Wnt activity in haematological cancers, β-catenin inhibitors have not yet reached the clinic. The aim of this review is to summarise the current understanding regarding the role and mechanistic dysregulation of β-catenin in AML, and assess the therapeutic merit of pharmacologically targeting this molecule, drawing on lessons from other disease contexts.
Radioembolization, Principles and indications
Authors: Ahmadzadehfar Hojjat , Ilhan Harun , Lam Marnix G. E. H. , Sraieb Miriam , Stegger Lars
Published: March 2022

Radioembolization is the selective application of radionuclide-loaded microspheres into liver arteries for the therapy of liver tumours and metastases. In this review, we focused on therapy planning and dosimetry, as well as the main indications of 90Y-glass and resin microspheres and 166Ho-microspheres.
Determinants and Diversity of Internationalisation in Political Science: The Role of National Policy Incentives
Authors: Kostova Dobrinka , Smyrl Marc , Erkkilä Tero , Dvořáková Vladimíra
Published: March 2022

This article examines selected system-level variables. Its premise is that a better understanding of how and why scholars may, or may not, choose an international orientation in their career requires taking into account factors beyond personal preferences or constraints. We suggest that characteristics of national systems shape prospects and strategies of internationalisation and look at two broadly defined variables: resource availability and career incentives. With respect to the first, we study the absolute level of national resources and their relative importance vies-a-vis those provided by the EU. With respect to the second, we consider the rules and norms governing the progress of academic careers, especially the extent to which international collaboration is significant and necessary for initially attaining a stable academic position and career advancement. We explore these questions through targeted comparison of four national cases, selected to ensure crosscutting variation across the selected variables. A comparison of two relatively low-resource cases (Bulgaria and the Czech Republic) with two relatively high-resource ones (France and Finland) is followed by a comparison with respect to career incentives. This allows to conclude that both factors should be considered as necessary conditions for internationalisation, and to suggest how this hypothesis might be further tested in subsequent research.
Determination of an unknown shear force in cantilever Kirchhoff–Love plate from measured final data with application to atomic force microscope
Authors: Hasanov Alemdar , Kawano Alexandre
Published: March 2022

We present a new and feasible formulation for the inverse problem of identifying the unknown shear force acting on the inaccessible tip of the nonhomogeneous micro-cantilever plate which is a key component in most atomic force microscopes. The mathematical modelling of this phenomena leads to the inverse problem of determining the shear force g(x
2, t) acting on the inaccessible boundary x
1 = ℓ
1 in a system governed by the variable coefficient damped Kirchhoff–Love plate equation

ρ

(

x

)

h

(

x

)

u

t
t

+

μ

(

x

)

u

t

+

D

(

x

)

(

u

x

1

x

1

+
ν

u

x

2

x

2

)

x

1

x

1

+

D

(

x

)

(

ν

u

x

1

x

1

+

u

x

2

x

2

)

x

2

x

2

+

2

(

1

−

ν

)

D

(

x

)

u

x

1

x

2

x

1

x

2

=
F

(

x
,
t

)

, where (x, t) ∈ Ω
T
≔ Ω × (0, T), x ≔ (x
1, x
2) and

Ω
≔

(

0
,

ℓ

1

)

×

(

0
,

ℓ

2

)

⊂

R

2

, subject to clamped-free boundary conditions, from final time measured output (displacement) u

T
(x) ≔ u(x, T). We prove that under appropriate conditions, this inverse problem has a unique solution. We introduce the input–output operator and prove that it is a linear compact and Lipschitz continuous operator. Based on these results, the existence of a quasi-solution of the inverse problem, as a solution of the minimization problem for the Tikhonov functional, is proved. Furthermore, an explicit gradient formula for the Fréchet derivative of the Tikhonov functional is derived. Moreover, it is proved that the Fréchet derivative is Lipschitz continuous. These results provide a mathematical basis for gradient based computational algorithm.
Magnetostatic coupling effects on reversal dynamics
Authors: Chen Hao , Jeon So Young , Majetich Sara A
Published: March 2022

The effects of magnetostatic coupling on switching dynamics are investigated for assemblies of patterned disc-shaped magnetic elements using mumax3 micromagnetic simulations. The arrangements of coupled dots were designed using information about the switching fields and reversal dynamics of isolated dots, as well as the magnitude of the magnetic stray fields they generate. The magnetization dynamics for individual dots was examined during a reversal cascade down a linear chain of dots. The magnetization angle fluctuated much more when neighboring dots have opposite magnetization directions, consistent with a lower energy barrier for reversal. The data were analyzed to differentiate thermal and interaction field effects. While many systems of interacting nanomagnets have been analyzed in terms of empirical models, the dynamical energy barrier approach offers a methodology with a more detailed and physically intuitive way to study both simple systems like the chain and more complex assemblies such as artificial spin ice.