bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quantity of Remaining Bacteria and Cavity Size After Excavation with FACE, Caries Detector Dye and Conventional Excavation In Vitro
Authors: Lennon ÁM. , Attin T. , Buchalla W.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Fluorescence Aided Caries Excavation (FACE) removes heavily infected dentin more completely, without significantly increasing cavity size when compared to conventional methods.
Partial Ceramic Crowns: Influence of Ceramic Thickness, Preparation Design and Luting Material on Fracture Resistance and Marginal Integrity In Vitro
Authors: Federlin M. , Krifka S. , Herpich M. , Hiller K-A. , Schmalz G.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

For fracture resistance and the marginal integrity of adhesively bonded partial ceramic crowns (PCC), the choice of ceramic thickness and luting material are more important than preparation design. PCC fabricated from industrially sintered feldspathic ceramic should have at least a thickness of 1.5–2.0 mm in stress bearing areas.
Composite Photopolymerization with Diode Laser
Authors: Knezevic A. , Ristic M. , Demoli N. , Tarle Z. , Music S. , Mandic V. Negovetic
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Many curing lights that are present in clinical practice today cause the clinician to wonder which curing unit is best for the photopolymerization of dental light curing materials. This study introduces the blue diode laser photopolymerization of composite materials, which, if acceptable for clinical use, offers the best polymerization properties compared to other units available on the market today.
Composite Veneering of Complex Amalgam Restorations
Authors: Demarco F. F. , Zanchi C. H. , Bueno M. , Piva E.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Composite veneering of complex amalgam restorations could be an easy-to-perform, less expensive technique that merges the esthetic appearance of composite with the improved mechanical properties of amalgam.
Influence of Beveling and Ultrasound Application on Marginal Adaptation of Box-only Class II (slot) Resin Composite Restorations
Authors: Schmidlin P. R. , Wolleb K. , Imfeld T. , Gygax M. , Lussi A.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Beveling box-only Class II cavities is necessary to improve the marginal quality of restorations. Where beveling is impossible or difficult to achieve, ultrasound may improve marginal quality.
Effect of pH Variations in a Cycling Model on the Properties of Restorative Materials
Authors: Silva K. G. , Pedrini D. , Delbem A. C. B. , Cannon M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

When considering the individual needs of patients in the clinical setting, it is important to know the behavior of restorative materials in the oral environment under pH variations.
Clinical Evaluation of Flowable Resins in Non-carious Cervical Lesions: Two-year Results
Authors: Çelik Ç , Özgünaltay G. , Attar N.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Different types of flowable resin materials placed in non-carious cervical lesions demonstrated acceptable clinical performance, except for the retention rates of Dyract Flow restorations, after two years.
The Effect of Surface Preparation and Luting Agent on Bond Strength to a Zirconium-based Ceramic
Authors: Senyilmaz D. P. , Palin W. M. , Shortall A. C. C. , Burke F. J. T.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Although clinical situations may exist where the adhesive luting of high-density milled ceramics for crown or fixed partial dentures are not required, certain clinical situations, such as the chairside repair of existing ceramic restorations, poor retention or inadequate abutment tooth size, will require a durable adhesive layer between the resin and ceramic. This study investigates the efficacy of modern “self-adhesive” luting cements on a zirconia-based ceramic following various surface preparations
Effect of Antibacterial Varnishes Applied to Root Dentin on Shear Bond Strength of Tooth-colored Restorative Materials
Authors: Korkmaz Y. , Baseren M.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The application of antibacterial varnish affects the shear bond strength of tooth-colored restorative materials after six months.
Microtensile Dentin and Enamel Bond Strengths of Recent Self-etching Resins
Authors: Brackett W. W. , Tay F. R. , Looney S. W. , Ito S. , Haisch L. D. , Pashley D. H.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

Adhesives with self-etching primers, which were evaluated in this study, produced immediate dentin and enamel bond strengths equivalent to the etch-and-rinse product, although they produced less etching of the enamel surface than etching with phosphoric acid.
Clinical Evaluation of In-office Dental Bleaching Treatments With and Without the Use of Light-activation Sources
Authors: Marson F. C. , Sensi L. G. , Vieira L. C. C. , Araújo E.
Published: January 2008

Clinical Relevance

The use of light-activation sources did not affect the outcome of in-office bleaching with 35% hydrogen peroxide.
Effects of composition grading at heterointefaces and layer thickness variations on Bragg mirror quality
Authors: Gaca J. , Wójcik M. , Jasik A. , Pierściński K. , Kosmala M. , Turos A. , Abdul-Kaderd A.
Published: January 2008

GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirrors on GaAs with varied number of layer pairs were grown, by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), to be applied for semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors (SESAMs) and intensity modulators. Due to the random variation of the growth rate, substrate surface roughness, and interdiffusion at the interfaces, precise control of the growth conditions of deposited layers poses a serious problem. Usually, thickness variations and composition grading at the heterointefaces result in variations of the mirror reflectivity. In this paper, the high resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), optical reflectance, Rutherford backscattering/channelling (RBS), supported by numerical evaluation methods were employed to determine both the exact thickness of each layer and the composition grading at the interface between succeeding layers of GaAs/AlAs-based mirrors. To reduce ambiguity and to speed up the analysis, the rocking curves and RBS spectra were simulated concurrently, using results of one simulation to verify the others. This process was carried out until the best fit between experimental and calculated curves was achieved. The complementary use of both methods results in improved sensitivity and makes the whole process of evaluation of the thickness variation of each layer and the size of the composition grading at the interfaces less time consuming.
Combined ab-initio and N-K, Ti-L2,3, V-L2,3 electron energy-loss near edge structure studies for TiN and VN films
Authors: Rashkova Boriana , Lazar Petr , Redinger Josef , Podloucky Raimund , Kothleitner Gerald , Šturm Sašo , Kutschej Kerstin , Mitterer Christian , Scheu Christina , Dehm Gerhard
Published: January 2008

In this work we examined the electronic structure of well-defined TiN/VN bilayers grown on a MgO(100) substrate by both experimentation and calculation. The electron energy-loss spectra were taken in transmission electron microscopes equipped with and without a monochromator. The experimental studies reveal nearly stoichiometric phases with atomic ratios Ti/N of 1.1 ± 0.1 and V/N of 1.2 ± 0.1. The comparison of the electron energy-loss near-edge structures of the N-K, Ti-L2,3, and V-L2,3 spectra with the theoretically calculated partial density of states using density functional theory revealed that core hole effects must be included. The calculations indicate that the N-K edge is sensitive to vacancies in the sublattice of VN. Thus, the N-K edge may be used as a fingerprint when studying non-stoichiometric or diffusional phenomena.
Spinodal decomposition of cubic Ti1−x
Al
x
N: Comparison between experiments and modeling
Authors: Mayrhofer Paul H. , Hultman Lars , Schneider Jochen M. , Staron Peter , Clemens Helmut
Published: January 2008

Annealing of cubic (c) Ti1−x
Al
x
N, possessing NaCl structure, leads to decomposition into the stable constituents c-TiN and hexagonal (h) AlN (ZnS wurtzite structure) via the formation of metastable c-TiN rich and metastable c-AlN rich phases. In this paper, we describe the influence of sizes of the newly formed particles and strain energy due to their different lattice parameter and elastic constants with respect to the remaining matrix on decomposition processes and energetics. Good agreement between the enthalpy output obtained from differential scanning calorimetry and values derived from ab-initio and continuum mechanical based calculations for the decomposition and transformation processes occurring is obtained. Based on the comparison between experiments including X-ray diffraction and small-angle neutron scattering of annealed samples and modeling we can conclude that spinodal decomposition is present in c-Ti1−x
Al
x
N coatings with x = 0.50 and 0.66, whereas the alloy with x = 0.25 is outside the spinodal.
Silicon nitride tools for hot rolling of high-alloyed steel and superalloy wires – load analysis and first practical tests
Authors: Danzer Robert , Lengauer Markus , Zleppnig Walter , Harrer Walter
Published: January 2008

For hot rolling wires of high-alloyed steels or superalloys tools are nowadays made of cemented carbides. In service they suffer from roughening of the surfaces and severe wear, which deteriorates the surface quality of the wires and restricts the lifetime of the tool. Due to their high hardness and good high-temperature properties, improvements of tool behaviour can be expected by the use of ceramic. In this paper the suitability of silicon nitride as material for rolls is investigated.

The thermal and mechanical loads in silicon nitride rolls during the hot rolling of steel and superalloy wires are analysed. Although the working temperature can be up to 1100 °C the tensile thermal stresses in the rolls reach only a few percent of the materials strength. But mechanical stresses due to contact stresses may become severe. When rolling wires of superalloys tensile contact stresses in the rolls can reach up to 600 MPa – about 60 % of the characteristic bending strength of the silicon nitride material.

Experiments in the rolling mill of Boehler in Kapfenberg confirm these theoretical findings. When rolling high-speed tool steels the silicon nitride rolls were superior to the common hard metal rolls. But when rolling superalloys cracks in the rolls arise. For less demanding applications (driving rollers, guiding rollers) silicon nitride rolls are still routinely used by Boehler in Kapfenberg.

In summary, silicon nitride ceramics are well suited as tool material for rolling steel wires, if the rolls are properly manufactured and used. For rolling superalloy wires the ceramic material is at its limit, and a safe operation can only be expected for rolls with a material-based design.
Adhesive contact between flat punches with finite edge radius and an elastic half-space
Authors: Ma Lifeng , McMeeking Robert , Arzt Eduard
Published: January 2008

In this paper, the adhesive contact of elastic solids with flat surfaces with an edge radius is studied within the framework of Johnson – Kendall – Roberts theory. Solutions are obtained for the stresses at the contacting surfaces and for the relative displacement of the two bodies due to adhesion and applied load. Results are given for flat-ended punches with rounded edges of small radius to nearly spherical objects with small flat areas (truncated spheres) on their surfaces. The classical Johnson – Kendall – Roberts-model for adhesion and contact between spherical surfaces arises as a limiting case of the results. The pull-off force between the adhering bodies is deduced for the flat-surfaced geometries studied. For small flats, the numerical solutions are similar to the classical Johnson – Kendall – Roberts solution for a sphere.
Materials for violin bows
Authors: Wegst Ulrike G. K. , Oberhoff Stefan , Weller Manfred , Ashby Michael F.
Published: January 2008

The bow quality determines the ease with which an experienced violinist can produce a high-quality sound. Factors influencing its playability are partly structural (shape, point of balance) and partly material dependent (mass, stiffness, mechanical damping). Pernambuco, a tropical wood, most revered for high-quality violin bows is practically extinct in the wild. Measuring the properties of pernambuco and thirteen alternative materials by a resonant bar technique and mechanical spectroscopy in both the vacuum- and the air-dry states and comparing their performance objectively using property charts and performance indices reveals that bow-grade pernambuco has a high bending stiffness per unit mass, a high speed of sound parallel to the wood grain, and an exceptionally low loss coefficient at room temperature, and that, on purely mechanical grounds, materials exist that could make as good violin bows as pernambuco. The consequences of the use of such alternatives for bow design are described.
DNA‐based typing of Kell, Kidd, MNS, Dombrock, Colton, and Yt blood group systems in the French Basques
Authors: Touinssi Mhammed , Chiaroni Jacques , Degioanni Anna , Granier Thomas , Dutour Olivier , Bailly Pascal , Bauduer Frédéric
Published: January 2008

The Basques demonstrate peculiar characteristics regarding blood group systems. Although ABO, Rhesus, and Duffy have been extensively studied in this population, the distribution of other groups remains largely unknown. Therefore, we evaluated the frequency of less‐explored‐ or still noninvestigated blood groups using DNA‐based assays and interpreted these data in the view of population genetics. Polymorphisms of KEL (Kell), SLCA14A1 (Kidd), GYPA/GYPB (MNS), ART4 (Dombrock), AQP1 (Colton), and ACHE (Yt) blood group genes were determined from a sample of more than 100 autochthonous French Basques using allele‐specific primer PCR (PCR‐ASP) methods. Our results were compared with those previously obtained by the use of serology from both Basque and nonBasque European populations. MNS*1 and JK*1 allele frequencies were comparable with those reported from Basque samples. Conversely, the KEL*1 allele frequency differed significantly. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the other three systems are studied in the Basque population. DO*1 and CO*1 allele frequencies, being respectively 0.35 and 0.96, were significantly inferior to those published from various European populations. There were some discrepancies regarding these six blood systems when comparing molecular typing with serology. These findings may be explained by differences in either criteria for individual selection or technical assays. Nevertheless, these results constitute additional data to be included in the chapter of Basque biological anthropology. Am. J. Hum. Biol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Scream–embrace displays in wild black‐horned capuchin monkeys
Authors: Lynch Alfaro Jessica
Published: January 2008

Reintroduction of capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) into their social group in captivity can elicit sirena screams and embraces. Captive scream–embrace displays are male biased, and females never perform sirena screams. One hypothesis is that scream–embrace displays serve a tension‐reduction or reconciliatory function between males with conflicting interests. Alternatively, these displays may function to maintain strong affiliative bonds between friendly male dyads. Scream and/or embrace displays in wild Brazilian black‐horned capuchins were analyzed for social and ecological contexts, behavioral components, and individuals involved. Seventy‐two displays were observed during the 199‐day study period. Among the 66 displays for which both members could be identified by sex, there were 42 occurrences of male–male dyads, 17 of male–female dyads, and seven of female–female dyads. Scream–embrace dyads were male–male pairs significantly more often than expected from group membership, and the α male was the only male to engage in scream–embrace displays with females. Female–female pairs did embrace, but never emitted sirena screams. Displays most commonly occurred in “reunion” contexts, primarily the reuniting of subgroups after hours or days out of contact, but also after intergroup encounters, and across groups in “intergroup” displays. Displays were rare, but socially contagious, and subgroup reunions could elicit multiple displays in rapid succession. Although the occurrence of screams and embraces was positively correlated, both behaviors also occurred independently, and their functions may be different. Male sirena screams may be honest advertisements of united alliances, directed toward a third party, whereas the embrace may be a risky affiliative signal, directed primarily within the dyad. Am. J. Primatol. 70:551–559, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Growth in an English population from the Industrial Revolution
Authors: Mays S. , Brickley M. , Ives R.
Published: January 2008

The rapid urbanization of the Industrial Revolution in 18th–19th century England presented new health challenges. Our aim is to investigate using English skeletal remains whether the living conditions for an urban working class group in the Industrial Revolution negatively impacted upon their skeletal growth compared with a population from a rural agrarian parish. The Industrial Revolution skeletal material is from St Martin's Churchyard, Birmingham (SMB), West Midlands. It dates primarily from the first half of the nineteenth century when Birmingham was a major manufacturing center. The rural group is from Wharram Percy (WP), North Yorkshire, and dates from 10th–19th century AD. The methodology involves plotting diaphyseal bone lengths versus dental age for subadults. No overall difference was found between the two populations in bone length‐for‐age among the 2‐ to 18‐year cohort. However the younger parts of the SMB cohort were smaller than at WP; the opposite was true of the older parts of the cohort. Growth rate, as inferred from crosssectional data, appeared greater at SMB than at WP. The only result consistent with expectations is the larger bone dimensions in young children from WP, but this likely reflects prolonged breastfeeding at WP not differences in urban and rural environments. That the deleterious health effects that we know accompanied the major transition in human society from a rural agrarian to an urban industrialized living environment should be little manifest in skeletal endochondral growth data is discouraging for those who would use such methodology to monitor health in earlier populations. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Admixture and sexual bias in the population settlement of La Réunion Island (Indian Ocean)
Authors: Berniell‐Lee Gemma , Plaza Stéphanie , Bosch Elena , Calafell Francesc , Jourdan Eric , Césari Maya , Lefranc Gérard , Comas David
Published: January 2008

La Réunion, one of the three Mascarene islands located in the Indian Ocean, remained devoid of inhabitants until it was first colonized by the French in the middle of the 17th century. The continuous flow of foreign‐born slaves and immigrant workers from Africa, India, Southeast Asia, and China to work on coffee and sugar cane plantations led to the island becoming a melting pot of people of multiple ethnic origins. To establish the impact of the different incoming ethnic groups on the present Reunionese gene pool, we have sequenced both hypervariable regions I and II of the mitochondrial DNA molecule, the 9 bp COII/tRNALys deletion, and four SNPs located in the coding region in a total of 41 samples of the general population, and a further 18 STRs and 35 SNPs on the Y chromosome in 26 of these samples. Our results show that there was a strong sexual bias (asymmetrical gene flow) in the peopling of La Réunion, where admixture events were mainly between male settlers and females from the incoming slave groups. Most of the Y‐chromosome gene pool is of European/Middle Eastern ancestry (85%), whereas the mtDNA gene pool is mainly of Indian and East Asian ancestry (70%). The absence of genetic diversity within these two major components of the mtDNA gene pool suggests these populations may have witnessed strong founder effects during the colonization process. Am J Phys Anthropol, 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Energieeffiziente Synthesegasproduktion durch katalytische Sauerstoff‐Reformierung von Methan
Authors: Choudhary Tushar V. , Choudhary Vasant R.
Published: January 2008

Das wachsende Interesse an der Umwandlung von schlecht zugänglichem Methan in einfach zu transportierende Flüssigkeiten sowie an der Brennstoffzellentechnologie hat für neuen Auftrieb bei der Suche nach effizienten Synthesegasproduktionsprozessen gesorgt. Die Herstellung von Synthesegas (CO/H2), einem sehr vielseitig verwendbaren Zwischenprodukt, ist oft der teuerste Schritt bei der Umwandlung von Methan in höherwertige flüssige Brennstoffe. In dieser Übersicht soll die katalytische Sauerstoff‐Reformierung von Methan diskutiert werden. Dieser Prozess ist sehr energieeffizient und kann Synthesegas mit hohen Raum‐Zeit‐Ausbeuten liefern. Da die Langzeitstabilität der verwendeten Katalysatoren entscheidend ist für eine großkommerzielle Nutzung dieses Prozesses, gibt es eine enorme Zahl an Untersuchungen über Katalysatoren. Wir wollen uns hier auf die Fragen konzentrieren, die bei der Entwicklung von Katalysatoren für die Oxy‐Reformierung eine große Rolle spielen. Daneben werden jedoch auch wichtige Aspekte ähnlicher Prozesse, der katalytischen Oxy‐Dampf‐, Oxy‐CO2‐ und Oxy‐Dampf‐CO2‐Reformierung, behandelt werden.
Aufdoppelung, Verstärkung von Vollholzbalken – Effiziente Balken‐, Pfetten‐ und Sparrenertüchtigung mit Doppel‐ und Vollgewindeschrauben
Authors: Heller Hanfried
Published: January 2008

Im Zusammenhang mit der zunehmend erforderlichen Rekonstruktion/Sanierung von Altbauten sind oft die statischen und bauphysikalischen Qualitäten von Decken‐ und Dachkonstruktionen zu verbessern. Mit den jetzt verfügbaren, zugelassenen neuartigen Schrauben sind “sanfte” und sehr effektive Eingriffe in die Holztragstruktur möglich.
Dehnungsverfestigendes zementgebundenes Material für die Sanierung gerissener Betonflächen
Authors: Wagner Christian , Slowik Volker , Waldenburger Karsten
Published: January 2008

In Beschichtungen auf gerissenen Betonflächen kann es infolge auftretender Rissbewegungen in der sanierten Konstruktion zu lokalen Überbeanspruchungen der Beschichtung kommen, wodurch auch in dieser Risse entstehen. Die vorgestellten experimentellen und numerischen Untersuchungen betreffen einen hochduktilen zementgebundenen Mörtel (SHCC), welcher aufgrund seiner Verformungsfähigkeit in der Lage ist, große Rissweiten dauerhaft zu überbrücken. Es werden Eigenschaften und bruchmechanisches Verhalten des Materials erläutert und experimentelle Ergebnisse hinsichtlich der Anwendung für Sanierungsschichten auf horizontalen Betonflächen vorgestellt. Hierbei wird speziell auf die lokale Beanspruchung infolge vorhandener Risse in der zu sanierenden Oberfläche eingegangen. Ergebnisse numerischer Simulationen mittels eines Finite‐Elemente‐Modells bestätigten die rissüberbrückende Wirkung des hochduktilen Mörtels im hier untersuchten Anwendungsfall. Bei zwei Pilotanwendungen wurden baupraktische Erfahrungen mit dem Sanierungsmörtel gesammelt.
Opinion: is growing biofuel crops a crime against humanity?
Authors: Mathews John A.
Published: January 2008

There has been much hyperbole voiced against biofuels of late. At the end of October the United Nations special rapporteur on the right to food, Jean Ziegler, stated at a press conference in New York that it was ‘a crime against humanity to divert arable land to the production of crops which are then burned for fuel’. These sentiments were then echoed by George Monbiot, in The Guardian, when he claimed, amongst other things, that ‘biofuels could kill more people than the Iraq war’.

The oil lobby must be rubbing its hands with glee. Never in over a century of destructive use of fossil fuels have such charges been leveled against the internal combustion engine and the fossil fuels burnt that are actually creating the problem of global warming. Instead it is the potentially clean substitutes that are attracting all the opprobrium. © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Non‐VACTERL‐type anomalies are frequent in patients with esophageal atresia/tracheo‐esophageal fistula and full or partial VACTERL association
Authors: de Jong Elisabeth M. , Felix Janine F. , Deurloo Jacqueline A. , van Dooren Marieke F. , Aronson Daniël C. , Torfs Claudine P. , Heij Hugo A. , Tibboel Dick
Published: January 2008

BACKGROUND:

The VACTERL association is the nonrandom co‐occurrence of Vertebral anomalies, Anal atresia, Cardiovascular malformations, Tracheo‐esophageal fistula (TEF) and/or Esophageal atresia (EA), Renal anomalies, and/or Limb‐anomalies. The full phenotype of patients with EA/TEF and other anomalies of the VACTERL spectrum of defects association is not well described in the literature.

METHODS:

Data on patients with EA/TEF seen in two pediatric surgical centers in the Netherlands between January 1988 and August 2006 were evaluated for defects of the VACTERL spectrum as well as non‐VACTERL‐type defects. The presence of two or more defects of the VACTERL spectrum in addition to EA/TEF was the criterion for inclusion in this study. A detailed description was made of all defects.

RESULTS:

Of 463 patients with EA and/or TEF, 107 (23.1%) fulfilled the inclusion criterion, of which seventeen cases had a recognized etiology and were excluded, leaving 90 cases (19.4%) for analysis. Other than the esophagus and the trachea, the vertebrae/ribs and the cardiovascular system were most commonly affected (68.9 and 65.6%, respectively). Interestingly, 70% of cases had additional non‐VACTERL‐type defects, with high occurrences for single umbilical artery (20%), genital defects (23.3%), and respiratory tract anomalies (13.3%).

CONCLUSIONS:

Many patients with EA/TEF and at least two other defects of the VACTERL spectrum also display non‐VACTERL‐type congenital anomalies. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Membrane interactions of designed cationic antimicrobial peptides: The two thresholds
Authors: Glukhov Evgenia , Burrows Lori L. , Deber Charles M.
Published: January 2008

Novel cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAPs) designed in our lab—typified by sequences such as KKKKKKAAX‐AAXAAXAA‐NH2, where X = Phe/Trp—display high antibacterial activity but exhibit little or no hemolytic activity towards human red blood cells even at high doses. To clarify the mechanism of their selectivity for bacterial versus mammalian membranes and to increase our understanding of the relationships between primary sequence and bioactivity, a library of derivatives was prepared by increasing segmental hydrophobicity, in which systematic substitutions of Ala for two, three, or four Leu residues were made. Conformationally constrained dimeric and cyclic derivatives were also synthesized. The peptides were examined for activity against pathogenic bacteria(Pseudomonas aeruginosa), hemolytic activity on human red blood cells, and insertion into models of natural bacterial membranes (containing anionic lipids) and mammalian membranes (containing zwitterionic lipids + cholesterol). Results were compared with corresponding properties of the natural CAPs magainin and cecropin. Using circular dichroism and fluorescence spectroscopy, we found that peptide conformation and membrane insertion were sequence dependent, both upon the number of Leu residues, and upon their positions along the hydrophobic core. Membrane disruption was likely enhanced by the fact that the peptides contain potent dimerization‐promoting sequence motifs, as assessed by SDS‐PAGE gel analysis. The overall results led us to identify distinctions in the mechanism of actions of these CAPs for disruption of bacterial versus mammalian membranes, the latter dependent on surpassing a “second hydrophobicity threshold” for insertion into zwitterionic membranes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Biopolymers 89: 360–371, 2008.

This article was originally published online as an accepted preprint. The “Published Online” date corresponds to the preprint version. You can request a copy of the preprint by emailing the Biopolymers editorial office at biopolymers@wiley.com
Tactile stimulation during artificial rearing influences adult function and morphology in a sexually dimorphic neuromuscular system
Authors: Lenz Kathryn M. , Graham M. Dean , Parada Mayte , Fleming Alison S. , Sengelaub Dale R. , Monks D. Ashley
Published: January 2008

Maternal licking of rat pups affects the development of the spinal nucleus of the bulbocavernosus (SNB), a sexually dimorphic motor nucleus that controls penile reflexes involved with copulation. Maternal licking influences SNB motoneurons, with reductions in licking producing decreased SNB number, size, and dendritic length in adulthood. Reduced maternal licking also produces deficits in adult male copulatory behavior. In this experiment, we used an artificial rearing paradigm to assess the potential role of tactile stimulation in mediating the effects of maternal licking on the SNB neuromuscular system. During artificial rearing, pups were stroked with a paintbrush to mimic maternal licking, receiving low, medium, or high levels of daily stimulation. In adulthood, ex copula penile reflex behavior was tested and the morphology of SNB motoneurons assessed. SNB motoneurons were retrogradely labeled with cholera toxin‐conjugated HRP and dendritic arbor was reconstructed in three dimensions. Animals that received low levels of stimulation showed deficits in penile reflexes relative to maternally reared controls, including a longer latency to erection, fewer cup erections, and fewer erection clusters. SNB dendritic morphology was also shaped by stimulation condition, with animals that received low or medium levels of stimulation showing an average 27% reduction in dendritic length. In addition, several reflex behaviors were significantly correlated with dendritic length, including latency to first erection, percent of cup erections, and number of erection clusters. These results suggest that tactile stimulation provided by maternal licking mediates some of the effects of maternal care on the development of male copulatory behavior. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 2008
Al‐Doped Apatite‐Type Nanocrystalline Lanthanum Silicates Prepared by Mechanochemical Synthesis: Phase, Structural and Microstructural Study
Authors: Kharlamova Tamara , Pavlova Svetlana , Sadykov Vladislav , Chaikina Marina , Krieger Tamara , Lapina Olga , Khabibulin Dzhalil , Ishchenko Arcady , Zaikovskii Vladimir , Argirusis Christos , Frade Jorge
Published: January 2008

Al‐doped La9.33+x/3+ySi6–xAlxO26+3y/2 (x = 0–1.5, y = 0–0.67) apatite‐type lanthanum silicates (ATLS) were synthesized with a high‐power (1200 rpm) planetary ball mill that allows the formation of the lanthanum silicate phase after milling for 20–35 min at room temperature. The apatite phase already appears after milling for 5 min. Phase, structural and microstructural studies on the nanocrystalline lanthanum silicates were carried out by using XRD, TEM, and IR, 27Al and 29Si MAS NMR spectroscopy to clarify the mechanism of ATLS formation. The cluster‐topotactic mechanism of the formation of apatite by mechanochemical treatment involving hydration of the starting compounds and acid–base reactions is suggested. Al‐doping results in promoting the formation of apatite. However, a secondary LaAlO3 phase may be present in the sample depending on its stoichiometry. This suggests the existence of a biphase domain in the La2O3–SiO2–Al2O3 phase diagram at room temperature, in which Al‐doped apatite and LaAlO3 phases coexist. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Health behaviour, depression and religiosity in older patients admitted to intermediate care
Authors: Yohannes A. M. , Koenig H. G. , Baldwin R. C. , Connolly M. J.
Published: January 2008

Objective

To examine health behaviour, severity of depression, gender differences and religiosity in older patients admitted to intermediate care for further rehabilitation.

Design

Cross‐sectional survey.

Participants

A research physiotherapist interviewed 173 older patients (113 female), 60 and older consecutively admitted to intermediate care for rehabilitation, usually after acute care.

Measurements

Religiosity was measured using the Duke University Religion Index, depressive and anxiety symptoms using the Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale, and severity of depression measured by the Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale. Physical disability was assessed by the Nottingham Extended Activities of Daily Living Scale and quality of life measured by the SF‐36 questionnaire.

Results

After controlling for other factors using multiple regression, religious attendance was associated with positive general health perception (t = 1.9, p = 0.05), and inversely associated with number of pack years smoked (t = −2.05, p = 0.04) and severity of illness (Charlson Index), [t = −2.05, p = 0.04]. Intrinsic religious activity was associated with older age (t = 3.06, p < 0.003), female gender (t = 2.52, p = 0. 01), living situation (t = −2.17, p < 0.03) and with less severe depression (t = −2.43, p = 0.01).

Conclusion

In older patients with chronic diseases in intermediate care, religious attendance was associated with positive perceptions of health, less severe illness, and fewer pack years. Intrinsic religious activities were associated with less severe depression and lower likelihood of living alone. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dialectical behavior therapy for comorbid personality disorders
Authors: Lynch Thomas R. , Cheavens Jennifer S.
Published: January 2008

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) was originally designed as a treatment of emotionally dysregulated, impulsive, and dramatic disorders (e.g., borderline personality disorder) and populations (e.g., parasuicidal women). However, a number of complex disorders represent the dialectical opposite of BPD and related disorders; these disorders are characterized by being overcontrolled, emotionally constricted, perfectionistic, and highly risk‐averse. In this article, the authors introduce a recent adaptation of DBT that targets cognitive–behavioral rigidity and emotional constriction and illustrates its application through the case of a man suffering from both paranoid personality disorder and obsessive–compulsive personality disorder. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol. In Session 64: 1–14, 2008.
Integrated therapy for complex cases of personality disorder
Authors: Livesley John
Published: January 2008

In this article, the author presents and illustrates the treatment of a patient with dependent and borderline personality disorders and other maladaptive traits using an integrated and eclectic approach tailored to the patient's psychopathology and personality. Interventions are selected where possible based on evidence of what works. However, because empirical evidence on treatment efficacy for personality disorder is limited, interventions were often selected based on a rational analysis of the most effective way to treat a given problem. The delivery of an eclectic array of interventions was integrated and coordinated through an emphasis on generic methods and on a phases of change model that targets symptoms and problems in a systematic way based on evidence of the stability of symptoms and personality. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Psychol: In Session 64: 1–15, 2008.
Preliminary investigations on a new gentamicin and vancomycin‐coated PMMA nail for the treatment of bone and intramedullary infections: An experimental study in the rabbit
Authors: Giavaresi Gianluca , Borsari Veronica , Fini Milena , Giardino Roberto , Sambri Vittorio , Gaibani Paolo , Soffiatti Renzo
Published: January 2008

To evaluate a new gentamicin–vancomycin‐ impregnated (2:1) PMMA coating nail as a drug delivery device to treat bone and intramedullary infections, methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to induce femoral osteomyelitis in 20 New Zealand male rabbits. Four weeks after inoculum, the animals were submitted to debridement of infected femur canal, divided into four groups of five animals each and treated according to the following protocols: Group 1, insertion of a steel AISI316 intramedullary nail; Group 2, insertion of a gentamicin–vancomycin‐impregnated PMMA nail; Group 3, no therapy; and Group 4 no fixation device and 1‐week systemic antibiotic therapy with teicoplanin i.m. At 7 weeks after inoculum, the femurs were explanted sterilely. The radiological score showed that the lowest and best radiological score was observed in Group 2 that was significantly different from the other groups. The highest bacterial load in the femoral canal was found in Group 1, which was significantly different from Group 2 and Group 4 (p < 0.05). Histology showed that Group 2 produced a marked improvement (p < 0.005) of the bone injuries induced by the osteomyelitis in comparison with the other groups (Smeltzer score). The current findings showed that tested device might effectively lead to MRSA infection healing after surgical debridement and immediate implantation. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:785–792, 2008
Reliability of the Ely's test for assessing rectus femoris muscle flexibility and joint range of motion
Authors: Peeler J. , Anderson J.E.
Published: January 2008

Rehabilitative protocols and orthopadic research are significantly influenced by the ability to perform reliable measures of specific physical attributes or functions. The hypothesis was that the Ely's test for evaluating rectus femoris flexibility and joint range of motion (ROM) is a reliable clinical tool. Participants (n = 54) were between the ages of 18 and 45, and had no history of trauma. Three clinicians with orthopedic expertise assessed quadriceps flexibility and joint ROM using pass/fail and goniometer scoring systems. A retest session was completed 7 to 10 days later. Statistically, Kappa values for pass/fail scoring (intrarater $\bar {X}=0.52$, interrater $\bar {X}=0.46$) and ICC values (intrarater $\bar {X}=0.69$, interrater $\bar {X}=0.66$) for goniometer data both indicated that the Ely's test demonstrated only moderate levels of intra‐ and interrater reliability. Measurement error values (SEM = 4°, ME = 4°, and CV = 3%) and Bland and Altman plots (with 95% Limits of Agreement) further demonstrated the degree of intrarater variance for each examiner when executing the Ely's test in a clinical setting. Results call into question the statistical reliability of the Ely's test, and provide clinicians with important information regarding the reliability limits of the Ely's test when used to clinically evaluate flexibility and joint ROM in a physically active population. More research is required to determine the variables that may confound statistical reliability of this orthopedic technique that is commonly used in a clinical setting to assess function about the thigh region. © 2008 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 26:793–799, 2008
Sharp by order estimates of solutions of a simplest singular boundary value problem
Authors: Chernyavskaya N. A. , Shuster L. A.
Published: January 2008

We consider a boundary value problem

equation image

where f ∈ Lp (ℝ), p ∈ [1, ∞] (L∞ (ℝ) ≔ C (ℝ)) and 0 ≤ q ∈ Lloc1 (ℝ). For a given p ∈ [1, ∞], for a correctly solvable problem (0.1) in Lp (ℝ), we obtain minimal requirements to a positive, continuous function Θ(x) for x ∈ ℝ under which, regardless of f ∈ Lp (ℝ), the solution y ∈ Lp (ℝ) of problem (0.1) satisfies the equality

equation image
. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An infinite dimensional functional calculus in Banach algebras with a modulus
Authors: Dineen Séan , Harte Robin , Rivera Maria J.
Published: January 2008

The presence of a modulus function on a Banach algebra gives rise to tensor product norms analogous to the greatest cross‐norm and allows us to extend the Waelbroeck functional calculus. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The group of self homotopy equivalences of some localized aspherical complexes
Authors: Garvín A. , Murillo A. , Remedios J. , Viruel A.
Published: January 2008

By studying the group of self homotopy equivalences of the localization (at a prime p and/or zero) of some aspherical complexes, we show that, contrary to the case when the considered space is a nilpotent, ℰm #(Xp ) is in general different from ℰm #(X)p. That is the case even when X = K (G, 1) is a finite complex and/or G satisfies extra finiteness or nilpotency conditions, for instance, when G is finite or virtually nilpotent. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
An extraordinary origami curve
Authors: Herrlich Frank , Schmithüsen Gabriela
Published: January 2008

We study the origami W defined by the quaternion group of order 8 and its Teichmüller curve C (W) in the moduli space M3. We prove that W has Veech group SL2(ℤ), determine the equation of the family over C (W) and find several further properties. As main result we obtain infinitely many origami curves in M3 that intersect C (W). We also present a combinatorial description of these origamis. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
On the principal eigenvalue of a Robin problem with a large parameter
Authors: Levitin Michael , Parnovski Leonid
Published: January 2008

We study the asymptotic behaviour of the principal eigenvalue of a Robin (or generalised Neumann) problem with a large parameter in the boundary condition for the Laplacian in a piecewise smooth domain. We show that the leading asymptotic term depends only on the singularities of the boundary of the domain, and give either explicit expressions or two‐sided estimates for this term in a variety of situations. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Convolution operators on Lorentz spaces over locally compact Vilenkin groups
Authors: Quek T. S.
Published: January 2008

Let G be a locally compact Vilenkin group. Using Herz spaces, we give sufficient conditions for a distribution on G to be a convolution operator on certain Lorentz spaces. Our results generalize Hörmander's multiplier theorem on G. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Closed convex hulls, contents, and K‐spectral states
Authors: Thill Marco
Published: January 2008

Our general result says that the closed convex hull of a set K consists of barycentres of probability contents (i.e., finitely additive set functions) on K. (Here K can be any nonempty subset of any nonempty compact convex set in any real or complex locally convex Hausdorff vector space.) In the equivalent setting of dual spaces, we give a very handy analytic criterion for a linear functional to be in the closed convex hull of a given nonempty point‐wise bounded set K of linear functionals (under some mild additional assumption). This is the notion of a K‐spectral state. Our criterion enhances the Abstract Bochner Theorem for unital commutative Banach *‐algebras (which easily follows from our result), in that it allows us to prescribe the set K on which a representing content should live. The content can be chosen to be a Radon measure if K is weak* compact. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Existence of travelling wave solutions for the heat equation in infinite cylinders with a nonlinear boundary condition
Authors: Kyed Mads
Published: January 2008

The existence of travelling wave solutions for the heat equation ∂t u –Δu = 0 in an infinite cylinder subject to the nonlinear Neumann boundary condition (∂u /∂n) = f (u) is investigated. We show existence of nontrivial solutions for a large class of nonlinearities f. Additionally, the asymptotic behavior at ∞ is studied and regularity properties are established. We use a variational approach in exponentially weighted Sobolev spaces. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Genetically confirmed Huntington's disease masquerading as motor neuron disease
Authors: Kanai Kazuaki , Kuwabara Satoshi , Sawai Setsu , Nakata Miho , Misawa Sonoko , Isose Sagiri , Hirano Shigeki , Kawaguchi Naoki , Katayama Kaoru , Hattori Takamichi
Published: January 2008

We describe a patient with Huntington's disease (HD) who showed asymmetrical upper limb amyotrophy as a main manifestation. Chorea and psychiatric symptoms were not prominent. Electromyography revealed generalized active and chronic denervation and fasciculations. A genetic test showed 46 CAG repeats in the huntingtin gene. Asymmetrical amyotrophy restricted to the upper limb has been reported in some patients with progressive chorea and amyotrophy without acanthocytosis, but genetically proven cases of HD have rarely been reported. It is not known why only a few HD patients show the motor neuronal loss; however, certain as‐yet‐unidentified genetic factors combined with some environment factors and the underlying cellular dysfunctions by polyglutamine aggregation could be responsible for the motor neuronal loss similar to that in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. © 2008 Movement Disorder Society
Assessing the needs of pregnant women and mothers with severe mental illness: the psychometric properties of the Camberwell Assessment of Need – Mothers (CAN‐M)
Authors: Howard L. , Hunt K. , Slade M. , O'Keane V. , Senevirante T. , Leese M. , Thornicroft G.
Published: January 2008

There is an absence of standardized validated instruments to assess the complex needs of pregnant women and mothers with severe mental illness. We aimed to develop a standardized assessment of need for pregnant women and mothers with severe mental illness. Staff and service users were asked to identify relevant domains of need. Professional experts and service users were then surveyed and asked to rate the importance of the domains of the Camberwell Assessment of Need – Mothers version (CAN‐M). Reliability was established using 36 service user–staff pairs. Concurrent validity was assessed with the Global Assessment of Functioning. Inter‐rater reliability (concordance) coefficients for unmet needs were 0.93 (95% confidence interval 0.89 to 0.98) (service users) and 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.94) (staff); test–retest reliability coefficients were 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.86 to 0.97) and 0.85 (95% confidence interval 0.73 to 0.96), respectively. Relevant CAN‐M domains correlated with the Global Assessment of Functioning‐symptom (Spearman's r correlation coefficient = −0.36, 95% confidence interval = −0.62 to −0.04, p = 0.05) and Global Assessment of Functioning‐disability subscales (Spearman's r correlation coefficient = −0.52, confidence interval = −0.73 to −0.23, p < 0.01).

We conclude that the CAN‐M is a reliable and valid instrument for assessing the needs of pregnant women and mothers with severe mental illness. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.