bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling of influence of stresses on indicators of resistance of mining rocks to mechanical destruction
Authors: Tynyna Serhii , Chobotko Ihor , Frolova Liliya , Butyrina Tetyana
Published: July 2019

The article deals with the problem of determining the expression for the components of the stress tensor of a rock mass that is exposed to rock-breaking tools. In solving this problem, the natural tension of the rocks and the stresses arising ahead, in the plane and on the boundary of the face of the cylindrical excavation were taken into account. Formulation presented in the form of a semi-infinite cylinder whose axis coincides with the axis ̅Z of the coordinate system. The solution is obtained in a cylindrical coordinate system in the form of analytical expressions, which is carried out by numerical integration of improper integrals.
Estimation of the amplitude of dynamic stresses on the contour of the well in the mountain range by the parameters of bench tests of hydraulic oscillators
Authors: Usov Oleh
Published: July 2019

Presented a method for calculating the dynamic tangential stresses around the wellbore, at the time of its treatment by the hydraulic pulse generator, by the values of its characteristics, obtained at the bench test, and the frequency coefficients of influence. Criteria are formulated for selecting the natural frequencies of the measuring sensors that ensure the coincidence of voltages in the array and on the measuring bench.
Hydrodynamic impact on coal mass before crossing the most outburst-prone coal seams
Authors: Vlasenko Vasyl , Zhytlonok Dmytro
Published: July 2019

The results of experimental studies of hydrodynamic effects (HDI) in industrial conditions are given. The HDI is designed to reduce the gas-dynamic activity of the coal seam and the rocks surrounding it. HDI was applied to the coal seam before it crossed the mine workings. The conditions for the implementation of HDI in industrial conditions Separate Enterprise “Mine “Tsentralna” State Enterprise “Toretskvuhillia” are described. The results of HDI on coal seams m2 -“Tonkyi” and m3 -“Tovstyi” are given. The parameters of the HDI method for outburst-prone coal seam before its crossing by mine workings are corrected.
Experimental study for the process of the borehole thermal reaming by means of the angular plasmatron
Authors: Voloshyn Oleksii , Potapchuk Iryna , Yemelianenko Volodymyr , Zhovtonoha Mykola , Pertsevyi Vitalii
Published: July 2019

Full-scale experimental study of the rock spallation by means of plasma jets is carried out. The aim of the experimental study was the measurement of the thermal power of plasma, weight of the rock spalls and duration of the plasma jets influence on the borehole surface. For the weight measurement of the rock spalls VT-200 analytical balance was used. In experimental study plasma jets flow out directly into the borehole of the granite block. The borehole and nozzles parameters of the plasmatron are complied with geometrical similarity. Experimental data are processed in the form of the energy consumption dependence of the thermal reaming of the borehole from the duration of the thermal treatment of the borehole surface. The results of the study could be applied to the borehole drilling processes.
Experimental study of the thermochemical treatment of the low-grade coal prior to boiler combustion at coal-fired power station
Authors: Yemelianenko Volodymyr , Pertsevyi Vitalii , Zhevzhyk Oleksandr , Potapchuk Iryna , Lutai Oleksandr
Published: July 2019

Analysis of the perspectives of the coal fuel for thermal power plants is carried out. The necessity of the experimental study for temperature measurement in the boiler furnace. The results of the experimental study are presented: temperature change over time at the burner outlet for different constant pressure value of the backlighting gas, dependence of the temperature at the burner outlet from the backlighting gas pressure for constant concentration value of pulverized coal in coal-air mixture, dependence of the temperature at the burner outlet from the concentration of pulverized coal in coal-air mixture for constant value of the backlighting gas pressure, temperature measurements for constant backlighting gas pressure value, constant value of the concentration of pulverized coal in coal-air mixture when plasmatron is switched and operates for some time range. The results of the study could be applied to the solid fuel treatment for different thermal units.
Development of methods for optimizing the parameters of the body of a fixed jaw crusher
Authors: Zabolotnyi Kostiantyn , Panchenko Olena
Published: July 2019

By the example of justification of the design parameters of the fixed jaw body of the jaw crusher, the methods have been developed for choosing the optimal parameters according to the strength condition under restrictions on its mass. The practical value of the work is in development of the recommendations for designing the fixed jaw body, based on the criterion of minimum mass for the set tensile strength. It is shown that the use of the proposed recommendations allows to reduce the metal consumption of the jaw by 170 – 200 %.
Coal energy systems of the future – innovative way of Ukraine’s energy development
Authors: Zhykaliak Mykola , Lukinov Viacheslav
Published: July 2019

The state of implementation of the main indicators of the energy strategy of Ukraine for the period until 2035 has been analyzed and innovative prospects for the sustainable development of the national fuel and energy complex for the long term have been substantiated, taking into account the structurally unified nationwide energy supply system and the interests of future generations and the environment.
Bridge collé cantilever : une véritable alternative pour les agénésies d’incisives latérales maxillaires
Authors: Dagba Alex , Makhoul Romy
Published: July 2019

L’agénésie des incisives latérales est une anomalie relativement fréquente et il est important que sa prise en charge soit maîtrisée dans la pratique courante de tout praticien. Les deux principales alternatives thérapeutiques sont de nos jours la restauration implanto-portée et le bridge collé. Le choix de l’une ou l’autre solution se fait en fonction de nombreux critères. L’âge du patient est le principal critère à prendre en compte, du fait du potentiel de croissance, d’une part. Mais également en considérant l’évolution de la restauration sur le long terme et sa potentielle nécessité de ré-intervention. L’objectif de cet article est de proposer autour de deux cas cliniques illustrés un argumentaire précis quant au choix de restauration pour des cas d’agénésie d’incisive latérale maxillaire.
30 Jahre nach dem Fall der Mauer – Intensivierung der Forschung zur DDR- Vergangenheit
Authors: Strauß Bernhard , Brähler Elmar
Published: July 2019

Am 8.11.2019 werden in Deutschland vermutlich zahlreiche Veranstaltungen stattfinden, die des Mauerfalls im Jahr 1989 gedenken. Vielen wird dieser Tag unvergessen sein. Viele andere, insbesondere die nach 1989 geborenen, scheinen immer weniger über die Zeit der DDR und die Spezifika des SED-Staats zu wissen. Dies hat die Bundesregierung, vertreten durch das Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) veranlasst, noch zur Amtszeit von Ministerin Wanka einen Förderschwerpunkt für Verbundprojekte auszuschreiben, mit denen die wissenschaftliche Auseinandersetzung mit der DDR und dem SED-Unrecht intensiviert werden sollen.
Weightlifting Shoulder Injuries Presenting to U.S. Emergency Departments: 2000–2030
Authors: Pirruccio Kevin , Kelly John D.
Published: July 2019

Weightlifting is associated with a significant risk of shoulder injury. We used the National Electronic Injury Surveillance System (NEISS) database to identify patients presenting to U.S. emergency departments between 2000 and 2017 with weightlifting-associated shoulder injuries to determine how the health burden and demographic characteristics of these patients have changed over time. Our analyses demonstrated a significant increase in the national estimate of weightlifting-associated shoulder injuries between 2000 (N=8.073; C.I. 6.309–9.836) and 2017 (N=14.612; C.I. 12.293–16.930) (p<0.001), with linear regression (R2=0.87, P<0.001) projecting 22.691 national cases by 2030. Patients were most often males (83.3%; C.I. 81.5–85.2%) between 20–29 years of age (30.5%; C.I. 28.2%–32.8%) sustaining a sprain, strain, or muscle tear (65.1%; C.I. 60.4–69.8%). Additionally, the average age of injury (34.33 years; C.I. 33.43–35.23 years) in the 2012–2017 period was significantly higher than in prior periods (p<0.001). We postulated these findings may reflect older individuals more frequently participating in resistance training than in the past, and considered that contemporary fitness trends such as CrossFit might have higher injury rates. We believe increased awareness of this burden, coupled with focus on injury prevention strategies, could yield substantial national health and cost savings.
Arthroscopic versus Open Osteochondral Autograft Transplantation (Mosaicplasty) for Cartilage Damage of the Knee: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kizaki Kazuha , El-Khechen Hussein Ali , Yamashita Fumiharu , Duong Andrew , Simunovic Nicole , Musahl Volker , Ayeni Olufemi R.
Published: July 2019

Osteochondral autograft transplantation (OAT) is a surgical option for repairing cartilage damage in knees, and can be performed using open or arthroscopic procedures. The aim of this review was to report clinical outcomes, postoperative complications, defect location, and defect size between open and arthroscopic OATs. Three electronic databases (EMBASE, PUBMED, and MEDLINE) were searched for relevant articles. In regard to eligibility criteria, knee articular damage cases solely treated with OAT were included and cases concomitant with ligament reconstruction, limb realignment, and meniscus repair were excluded. The review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and descriptive statistics are presented. A total of 24 studies were included with a total sample of 1,139 patients (532 in open OAT vs. 607 in arthroscopic OAT). Defect size in open OAT was three times larger than that of arthroscopic OAT (2.96 ± 0.76 vs. 0.97 ± 0.48 cm2). In terms of defect location, the medial femoral condyle (MFC) was the most common (75.4%), followed by the lateral femoral condyle (LFC; 12.1%), patella (6.7%), and trochlea (5.7%). All of these defect locations were treated with open OAT, whereas arthroscopic OAT treatments were restricted to the MFC and LFC. The clinical outcomes were overall favorable with the modified Hospital for Special Surgery knee scores being 89.6 ± 8.0 (36.1-month follow-up) versus 90.4 ± 6.0 (89.5-month follow-up) and the Lysholm scores being 81.6 ± 8.9 (44.2-month follow-up) and 83.3 ± 7.4 (12.0-month follow-up) between open and arthroscopic OATs, respectively. Fifty-three postoperative complications were observed (39/279 vs. 14/594) and the most common complication was hemarthrosis (13/39 in open, vs. 1/14 in arthroscopic OAT). The overall clinical outcomes were favorable in open and arthroscopic OATs, whereas open OAT allowed for treatment of lesions approximately three times greater in dimension than in arthroscopic OAT. Also, defect location was restricted to MFC and LFC in arthroscopic OAT. The most common complication was hemarthrosis.
What makes the difference? An empirical comparison of critical aspects identified in phenomenographic and variation theory analyses
Authors: Holmqvist Mona , Selin Per
Published: July 2019

This study investigated differences and similarities in outcomes of analyses based on phenomenography and variation theory. We used the same data for both analyses to highlight the assumptions of each approach. Participants were 198 students (grades 7–9) who provided written answers to the question ‘What is learning?’. The phenomenographic analysis identified qualitatively different categories representing different ways participants’ conceptualised learning, separated by critical aspects that distinguished each category. This analysis found six categories, seeing learning as: extended skills, process, investment, feelings, object-knowledge, relationships, and feelings. The variation theory analysis identified aspects constituting the object of learning, with critical aspects being those not yet discerned by the learner. Aspects and features identified in this analysis were: learner (skills, abilities, pre-knowledge, attitudes), learning activities (brain, listen, repeat, practicing), learning source (teacher, school, learning materials, friends, Internet, places/persons outside school), content/object of learning (facts, information, activity), and outcomes (job, enhanced future, development, performance, widening knowledge). Aspects and features not yet discerned are critical, and must be made discernable for the learner to enhance their understanding. This use of critical aspects differs from phenomenography, in which critical aspects identified qualitatively different ways of seeing learning (i.e., categories of collective experiences). In variation theory, aspects (dimensions) and features (values of the dimension) relate to individuals’ understanding in specific contexts (e.g., a school class). A major difference between phenomenography and variation theory is the perspective of collective- and individual-expressed discernments. In phenomenography, a person may belong to several categories, whereas in variation theory, the aspects an individual has discerned reflect the way that person understands the phenomenon. This means the outcome of variation theory can be used to design and test the outcome of instruction, whereas the outcome of phenomenography provides information about general assumptions of how a phenomenon can be discerned.
C2-C5 components in mixtures of liquified hydrocarbons
Authors: Konopelko L A , Kustikov Y A , Kolobova A V , Meshkov A V , Efremova O V , Rozhnov M , Melnyk D , Kisel S , Levbarg O , Shpilnyi S , Yakubov S , Mironchik A M , Mokhnach M V , Ananyin V N
Published: July 2019

This article presents the report on the supplementary comparison COOMET.QM-S4, "C2-C5 components in mixtures of liquified hydrocarbons". The objective of this comparison was assessment of the analytical capabilities of COOMET NMIs for measuring the composition of Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG) mixtures when sampled in the liquid phase from Constant Pressure Cylinders (CPCs).

KEY WORDS FOR SEARCH

supplementary comparison, COOMET, Liquid Petroleum Gas, LPG, amount of substance fraction, constant pressure cylinders, ethane, propane, propene, i-butane, n-butane, 1-butene, i-pentane

Main text

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database kcdb.bipm.org/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCQM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Image processing for quantitative measurement of e/m in the undergraduate laboratory
Authors: Gelir Ali , Kocaman Merve , Pekacar Ilgım
Published: July 2019

In conventional e/m experiments performed in undergraduate laboratories, generally a simple mechanical ruler is used to measure the radius of the circular trajectory of the electrons. But, the measurement error in this technique is mostly big and varies from one student to another. As an alternative to a mechanical ruler, we proposed a more accurate and a more precise technique for measuring the radius. This technique is based on image processing and it is well known that the image processing is one of the more powerful techniques for precise measurements in physical experiments.

ImageJ software was used for image processing and for taking photographs of the circular trajectory of the electrons in the e/m experiment. ImageJ is a java-based image processing program which was developed by the National Institute of Health of USA.

The photographs of the trajectory were taken by using a generic webcam connected to the computer and it was observed that the trajectory was not visible for a one shot photograph which is due to the low intensity of the light coming from the trajectory. By taking multiple photographs of the trajectory at the same time and adding these photographs to each other, the trajectory on the photograph became visible.

It was concluded that the accuracy of the measuring the radius of the circular trajectory could be increased by using the image processing and it was found that the relative error made in this measurement is about 0.5% which is 10 times smaller than the relative errors made in conventional measuring techniques performed by a simple mechanical ruler (around 5%). This result directly increases the precision and the accuracy of measuring the e/m ratio of the electrons in undergraduate physics laboratories.
Band structure of Ge1−xSnx alloy: a full-zone 30-band k · p model
Authors: Song Zhigang , Fan Weijun , Tan Chuan Seng , Wang Qijie , Nam Donguk , Zhang Dao Hua , Sun Greg
Published: July 2019

A full-zone 30-band k · p model is developed as an efficient and reliable tool to compute electronic band structure in Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloy. The model was first used to reproduce the electronic band structures in Ge and α-Sn obtained with empirical tight binding and ab initio methods. Input parameters for the 30-band k · p model are carefully calibrated against prior empirical predications and experimental data. Important material properties such as effective mass for electrons and holes, Luttinger parameters, and density of states are obtained for Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloy with the composition range 0 < x < 0.3. The 30-band k · p model that requires far less computing resources is a necessary capability for optimization of sophisticated devices made from Ge1−x
Sn
x
alloy with a large parameter space to explore.
Response surface methodology optimization for extraction of natural anthocyanins from Vietnamese Carissa carandas L. fruit
Authors: Pham Tri Nhut , Xuan Huynh Thi Ha , Tran Thien Hien , Vo Dai-Viet N. , Toan Tran Quoc , Lam Tri Duc , Le Xuan Tien , Vu-Quang Hieu
Published: July 2019

Anthocyanins are naturally occurring compounds that are responsible for a wide variety of colors in many plants, fruits and vegetables. In this study, the extraction of natural anthocyanins from Vietnamese Carissa carandas L. beverage was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). We applied a Box–Behnken design consisting of three levels and three factors. Examined factors are extraction temperature (ranging from 40 to 60°C), liquid to solid ratio (ranging from 2:1 to 4:1), extraction time (ranging from 30 to 60 min). Using 60% ethanol as solvent for the process, we determined the maximum yields of anthocyanin was 273.786 mg/L. This yield corresponds to extraction conditions of 3:1 (v/w) liquid to solid ratio, temperature of 48.10 °C with a 44.08 min extraction time. The experimental results also fit well with the proposed response model of anthocyanin yield (R2 = 0.9992). Therefore, this study suggested optimization of different extraction methods for the defatted fruit parts.
Chemical Constituents of the Aerial Parts of Scoparia dulcis and Anti-cancer, Anti-inflammatory Activities
Authors: Thanh Tin Nguyen Ngoc , Thanh Truc Nguyen Dang , Thu Hang Hoang Thi , Nhat Trinh Pham Thi , Lam Tri Duc , Dung Le Tien
Published: July 2019

In Vietnam, the medicinal plant Scoparia dulcis is used for the treatment of bronchitis, gastric disorders, antidiabetes, hypertension, hepatitis etc. In this paper, experiments was designed to evaluate in vitro anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities and isolate phytochemicals from methanol extracts of Scoparia dulcis whole plants. The chemical investigation of methanol fraction of Scoparia dulcis led to the isolation of benzoxazinone (1), phenylethanoid (2), flavone (3), and lignan (4) glycosides. The bioactivity results indicated that crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had potent cytotoxic activity toward the HepG2 cancer cell with IC50 of 47.03 μg/mL and 36.04 μg/mL, respectively. Interestingly, crude ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts had the NO inhibitory activity, with inhibition of 56.9 % or 74.7 % at 30 μg/mL and 97.3% or 82.9 % at 100 μg/mL, respectively. In addition, the hexane extract at concentrations of 100 μg/ml demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity through the inhibition of nitric oxide production of 76.7%.
Experimental study on hydraulic expansion of tube-fin heat exchanger
Authors: Han Junjie , Yang Lianfa , Huang Jinjie , Jiang Jingyu , He Yulin
Published: July 2019

The tube-fin heat exchanger is the core equipment in the whole air-conditioning system, the thermal resistance of copper tube and fin contact accounts for 10%-20% of the total thermal resistance of the heat exchanger, and the thermal contact with the fin increases. Therefore, reducing the contact gap of the heat exchanger is extremely important to improve the overall heat exchange efficiency. In this paper, for the high-efficiency heat exchanger composed of seamless internal thread copper pipe, the heat exchange tube and the fin are expanded by hydraulic expansion and the liquid pressure range, reasonable pressure holding time and pull-off force are guaranteed by a large number of experiments. In this paper, the heat transfer tube and the fins are expanded by hydraulic expansion, and the relationship between the liquid pressure range, the reasonable pressure holding time and the pull-off force and the dwell time is measured through a large number of experiments. Finally, the effect of different liquid pressure expansion joints on the contact gap was further observed by a microscope.
Structural and Electrochemical Properties of Layered-Layered-Spinel Composite Cathode Materials LixMn4/6Ni1/6Co1/6O(1.75+0.5x) (1.1 ≤ x ≤ 1.3) for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Authors: Zhenye Zhu
Published: July 2019

The cathode materials LixMn4/6Ni1/6Co1/6O(1.75+0.5x) (x=1 1, 1.2, 1.3) with different content of lithium have been synthesized by two step temperature co-precipitation in this paper. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm that there are spinel structure and layer structure in prepared composite. SEM images show that the same diameters of the assembled microspheres are at about 4 μm in LixMn4/6Nii/6Coi/6O(1.75+0.5x) composite. The measurement of electrochemical properties indicates that, with content of lithium varying from 1.1 to 1.3, content of spinel component declines, which induce to the increase of discharge capacity and decrease of capacity retention. Li1.1Mn4/6Ni1/6Co1/6O2.30 composite delivers best rate capability, because there is more spinel component in Li1.1Mn4/6Ni1/6Co1/6O2.30.
Vibration characteristic analysis and control of hospital ship
Authors: Shan Yanhe , Miao Xuhong , Li Chengshun , Liu Zhigang
Published: July 2019

Aiming at the problem of high requirement of hospital ship for hull vibration, this paper takes a hospital ship as an example to analyse its vibration characteristic. The three-dimensional finite element model of hospital ship is established. Take the pulsating force of propeller as the exciting force, the vibration response of the whole ship is calculated by acoustic-structure coupling method. Refer to related standard of ISO6954-2000(E), the numerical result shows that the vibration of some region of stern is over standard. An optimization scheme is proposed for the area whose vibration over standard, the result suggests that the whole ship vibration meets the standard after optimization design. This research provides a reference for design and construction of hospital ship.
Transformer Selection Calculation for the design of Flyback Switching Power Supply
Authors: Ni Hao , Wu Aixia , Zhang Xin , Ruan Ruolin , Hu Yonghong , Zhang Wei
Published: July 2019

Pulse-width modulating (PWM) is one of the most popular methods to design the switching power supply. The framework to design a novel flyback switching power supply with a PWM integrated circuit is described in this paper. In order to meet the design demand, the significant step of transformer selection calculation is discussed in details. Ap method is used in the transformer calculation. Then some other parameters of the transformer, such as the transformer ratio, Primary current of transformer, the primary inductance of transformer, the transformer turn and air gap and the wire diameter of the winding, are computed step by step. With the selected transformer, the proposed switching power supply has simpler circuit and higher accuracy. Different input voltage ranges and output voltages required by different electric appliances can be well satisfied.
Study on Basic Properties of Inorganic Isolation Partitioned Polystyrene Insulation Board
Authors: Zhang Jusong , Chen Ruge , Wang Xin
Published: July 2019

In order to ensure the safety of the inorganic isolation partitioned polystyrene insulation board in applying, this paper studied its heat retention,flame retardancy, water absorption, fatigue performance, and microscopic analysis.The test results showed that the apparent density of the board is about 120kg/m3 would meet the demands of great flame retardancy and good thermal insulation; the volume water absorption rate is curve growing in the early stage, it drops slightly and keeping stable after reach the maximum, the maximum is less than 8%; after 1500 times 12.1KN/m2 impact on the board, the internal inorganic material is destroyed basically and remain unchanged in the substrate level; x-ray diffraction analysis result showed that there were Mg(OH)2 and hydrated magnesium sulfate in the solidified inorganic material.
Study of Mechanical Property and Cellular structure Based on the Controllable Crosslinking Polyethylene Foaming Materials
Authors: Xia Bihua , Xu Wenqiang , Wang Ke , Huang Qigu , Liang Wenbin , Sun Xiaojie
Published: July 2019

In this paper, the controllable crosslinking polyethylene foaming materials were established though adding foaming agent additives zinc stearate firstly. Then, the density, expansion ratio, cellular structure, gel content and compression strength of crosslinking polyethylene foaming materials were studied by changing zinc stearate content. Furtherly, those properties were researched after added nucleating agent. Experimental results showed that zinc stearate could facilitate foaming reaction and broad foaming window. Density, compression strength and gel content was decreased with zinc stearate content increased, and the expansion ratio increased with zinc stearate content increased. In addition, the compression strength was improved and cellular structure became uniform after adding nucleating agent. Generally, this material not only has the controllable property, but also has the higher mechanical property and more uniform structure.
Establishment of Constitutive Equation of Hot Deformation of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy with Widmannstätten structure
Authors: Yu Y , You Z P , Hu H L , Yu W J
Published: July 2019

In order to study the hot deformation behavior of the Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy with Widmannstätten structure and obtain its constitutive equation,the Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy cylindrical specimens with size of Φ8 × 12mm were prepared for the hot compression test on the Gleeble-1500 simulation machine,the deformation temperature from 850 to 980°Cand strain rates of 0.01 to 1s-1.The true stress-strain data and curves were obtained from the hot compression test.The results show that the true stress-strain curves of Ti-6Al-4V-0.1B alloy with Widmannstätten structure have the characteristics of flow stress softening and the flow stress is sensitive to temperature and strain rate.At the same temperature, flow stress increase with the strain rate.At the same strain rate, flow stress decrease with the temperature.Through regression analysis of true stress and strain data by Arrhenius hyperbolic sine function, the activation energy Q is calculated, 890.49kJ/mol.Under the range of the experimental deformation temperatures and strain rates, the constitutive equation is σ=11.36ln{(Z/e88.47)1/4.4107+[(Z/e88.47)2/4.4107+1]1/2}.
An Uncommon Case of Double-Hit Mantle Cell Lymphoma That Demonstrates a Transformation Process
Authors: Zhou Jihao , Hu Lina , Zuo Min , Zhou Yaying , Li Guoqiang , Zhang Xinyou
Published: July 2019

Objectives

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B-cell lymphoma characterized by CCND1/IGH rearrangement. We reported a case of MCL harboring both CCND1/IGH and MYC/IGH rearrangements that also presented with an aggressive clinical course.

Methods

Biopsy specimens were evaluated by morphological staining, immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, conventional cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and next-generation sequencing (NGS).

Results

Morphological and immunohistochemical staining of gallbladder samples demonstrated blastoid variant MCL. However, in the bone marrow sample, FISH indicated rearrangements in CCND1/IGH and MYC/IGH. Flow cytometry identified two groups of malignant lymphocytes. We sorted these two groups of cells. NGS then revealed that both cell types carried CCND1/IGH rearrangements and TP53 mutations. Furthermore, the CD19+/CD10+ cells carried additional MYC/IGH rearrangement and NOTCH2 mutation.

Conclusions

The rearrangement of MYC and a mutation in NOTCH2 probably induced the transformation of MCL cells in this patient. This uncommon double-hit MCL case clearly demonstrates a transformation process.
Identification of expression signatures for non-small-cell lung carcinoma subtype classification
Authors: Su Ran , Zhang Jiahang , Liu Xiaofeng , Wei Leyi
Published: July 2019

Motivation

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) mainly consists of two subtypes: lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). It has been reported that the genetic and epigenetic profiles vary strikingly between LUAD and LUSC in the process of tumorigenesis and development. Efficient and precise treatment can be made if subtypes can be identified correctly. Identification of discriminative expression signatures has been explored recently to aid the classification of NSCLC subtypes.

Results

In this study, we designed a classification model integrating both mRNA and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression data to effectively classify the subtypes of NSCLC. A gene selection algorithm, named WGRFE, was proposed to identify the most discriminative gene signatures within the recursive feature elimination (RFE) framework. GeneRank scores considering both expression level and correlation, together with the importance generated by classifiers were all taken into account to improve the selection performance. Moreover, a module-based initial filtering of the genes was performed to reduce the computation cost of RFE. We validated the proposed algorithm on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset. The results demonstrate that the developed approach identified a small number of expression signatures for accurate subtype classification and particularly, we here for the first time show the potential role of LncRNA in building computational NSCLC subtype classification models.

Availability and implementation

The R implementation for the proposed approach is available at https://github.com/RanSuLab/NSCLC-subtype-classification.
Bootstrapping spectral statistics in high dimensions
Authors: Lopes Miles E , Blandino Andrew , Aue Alexander
Published: July 2019

Statistics derived from the eigenvalues of sample covariance matrices are called spectral statistics, and they play a central role in multivariate testing. Although bootstrap methods are an established approach to approximating the laws of spectral statistics in low-dimensional problems, such methods are relatively unexplored in the high-dimensional setting. The aim of this article is to focus on linear spectral statistics as a class of prototypes for developing a new bootstrap in high dimensions, a method we refer to as the spectral bootstrap. In essence, the proposed method originates from the parametric bootstrap and is motivated by the fact that in high dimensions it is difficult to obtain a nonparametric approximation to the full data-generating distribution. From a practical standpoint, the method is easy to use and allows the user to circumvent the difficulties of complex asymptotic formulas for linear spectral statistics. In addition to proving the consistency of the proposed method, we present encouraging empirical results in a variety of settings. Lastly, and perhaps most interestingly, we show through simulations that the method can be applied successfully to statistics outside the class of linear spectral statistics, such as the largest sample eigenvalue and others.
Simultaneous control of all false discovery proportions in large-scale multiple hypothesis testing
Authors: Goeman Jelle J , Meijer Rosa J , Krebs Thijmen J P , Solari Aldo
Published: July 2019

Closed testing procedures are classically used for familywise error rate control, but they can also be used to obtain simultaneous confidence bounds for the false discovery proportion in all subsets of the hypotheses, allowing for inference robust to post hoc selection of subsets. In this paper we investigate the special case of closed testing with Simes local tests. We construct a novel fast and exact shortcut and use it to investigate the power of this approach when the number of hypotheses goes to infinity. We show that if a minimal level of signal is present, the average power to detect false hypotheses at any desired false discovery proportion does not vanish. Additionally, we show that the confidence bounds for false discovery proportion are consistent estimators for the true false discovery proportion for every nonvanishing subset. We also show close connections between Simes-based closed testing and the procedure of Benjamini and Hochberg.
Magnetoencephalography for epileptic focus localization in a series of 1000 cases
Authors: Rampp Stefan , Stefan Hermann , Wu Xintong , Kaltenhäuser Martin , Maess Burkhard , Schmitt Friedhelm C , Wolters Carsten H , Hamer Hajo , Kasper Burkhard S , Schwab Stefan , Doerfler Arndt , Blümcke Ingmar , Rössler Karl , Buchfelder Michael
Published: July 2019

The aim of epilepsy surgery in patients with focal, pharmacoresistant epilepsies is to remove the complete epileptogenic zone to achieve long-term seizure freedom. In addition to a spectrum of diagnostic methods, magnetoencephalography focus localization is used for planning of epilepsy surgery. We present results from a retrospective observational cohort study of 1000 patients, evaluated using magnetoencephalography at the University Hospital Erlangen over the time span of 28 years. One thousand consecutive cases were included in the study, evaluated at the University Hospital Erlangen between 1990 and 2018. All patients underwent magnetoencephalography as part of clinical workup for epilepsy surgery. Of these, 405 underwent epilepsy surgery after magnetoencephalography, with postsurgical follow-ups of up to 20 years. Sensitivity for interictal epileptic activity was evaluated, in addition to concordance of localization with the consensus of presurgical workup on a lobar level. We evaluate magnetoencephalography characteristics of patients who underwent epilepsy surgery versus patients who did not proceed to surgery. In operated patients, resection of magnetoencephalography localizations were related to postsurgical seizure outcomes, including long-term results after several years. In comparison, association of lesionectomy with seizure outcomes was analysed. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were calculated for magnetoencephalography resection and lesionectomy. Sensitivity for interictal epileptic activity was 72% with significant differences between temporal and extra-temporal lobe epilepsy. Magnetoencephalography was concordant with the presurgical consensus in 51% and showed additional or more focal involvement in an additional 32%. Patients who proceeded to surgery showed a significantly higher percentage of monofocal magnetoencephalography results. Complete magnetoencephalography resection was associated with significantly higher chances to achieve seizure freedom in the short and long-term. Diagnostic accuracy was significant in temporal and extra-temporal lobe cases, but was significantly higher in extra-temporal lobe epilepsy (diagnostic odds ratios of 4.4 and 41.6). Odds ratios were also higher in non-lesional versus lesional cases (42.0 versus 6.2). The results show that magnetoencephalography provides non-redundant information, which significantly contributes to patient selection, focus localization and ultimately long-term seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery. Specifically in extra-temporal lobe epilepsy and non-lesional cases, magnetoencephalography provides excellent accuracy.
‘Reader, I married him/her’: Ali Smith, Ovid, and queer translation
Authors: Ranger Holly
Published: July 2019

This essay frames Ali Smith’s novel Girl meets boy (2007) as a ‘queer translation’ of Ovid, Metamorphoses 9.666-797. I argue that Smith’s presentation of a contemporary genderqueer Iphis and Ianthe not only fictionalizes the critical argument proposed by Judith Butler’s Gender Trouble, but uses Gender Trouble as a queer translation manifesto. Reading Girl meets boy through this Butlerian lens, which foregrounds multiplicity and insists on the politically subversive potential of repetition, I show how Smith translates, re-translates, and re-writes Ovid’s text, to make queer identities that are made to disappear in the Latin ‘loosed’ in translation. I also propose a new reading of the conclusion of Ovid’s episode informed by Smith’s queer translation. I discuss Smith’s politicized use of repetition throughout the novel to produce queer translations which disrupt the surface homophobic discourse of the original text; and I situate the novel’s publication within its historical political context — before the legalization of same-sex marriage in England, Wales, and Scotland. In conclusion, I argue that a queer translation practice, as evidenced by Smith’s novel, is an activist project which combats homophobic discourse (ancient and modern) and allows ancient queer bodies and identities to retain their multiplicity in translation.
Surgical Fires and Burns: A 5-Year Analysis of Medico-legal Cases
Authors: Calder Lisa A , Héroux Diane L , Bernard Catherine A , Liu Richard , Neilson Heather K , Gilchrist Andrew D , Fish Joel S
Published: July 2019

Surgical fires and unintended intraoperative burns cause serious patient harm, yet surveillance data are lacking in Canada. Medico-legal data provide unique descriptions of these events which can inform burn prevention strategies. We extracted 5 years of data on closed (2012–2016) medico-legal cases involving surgical fires and burns from the database of our organization which, in 2016, provided medico-legal support to >93,000 Canadian physicians. We performed a retrospective descriptive analysis of contributing factors using an in-house coding system and case reviews. We identified 53 eligible burn cases: 26 from thermal sources (49.1%), 16 from fires (30.2%), 5 from chemical sources (9.4%), and 6 from undetermined sources (11.3%). Common burn sources were electrosurgical equipment, lasers, lighting, and improper temperatures (causing thermal burns), cautery or lasers combined with supplemental oxygen and/or a flammable fuel source (causing fire), and improperly applied solutions including antiseptics (causing chemical burns). Nontechnical factors also contributed to patient outcomes, such as nonadherence to protocols (15 cases, 28.3%), failures in surgical team communication (3 cases, 5.7%), and lost situational awareness leading to delays in recognizing and treating burns (7 cases, 13.2%). This retrospective study highlights a need for improved surgical safety interventions to address surgical fires and burns. These interventions could include: effectively implemented surgical safety protocols, surgical team communication strategies, and raising awareness about preventing, diagnosing, and managing surgical burns.
Using Intra-arterial tPA for Severe Frostbite Cases. An Observational Comparative Retrospective Study
Authors: Al Yafi Mohamed Nazhat , Danino Michel Alain , Izadpanah Ali , Coeugniet Edouard
Published: July 2019

Frostbite causes tissue damage through five major mechanisms, out of which two are amenable to treatment. The first-line treatment is rapid rewarming therapy using water at 40°C to 42°C, which addresses the formation of ice crystals in the intra and extra cellular compartments. The second mechanism is progressive tissue ischemia after rewarming and is only accessible to a second-line therapy represented by thrombolysis. This study aimed to determine the efficacy of thrombolysis. This is a single-center retrospective cohort study, where it was aimed to evaluate two groups of patients. A total of 18 patients were included in this study. Mean times between injury to thrombolytic therapy and admission to thrombolytic therapy was 26.04 hours (SD 13.6) and 9.65 hours (SD 9.89), respectively. All patients suffered injuries ranging from second-degree deep to third degree. The rate of patients having complete, partial, and no angiographic responses were 55.6%, 11.1%, and 33.3%, respectively. The main outcome of interest showed that 11 (61.1%) patients in total had amputations at different levels. Results showed that in the intervention group, five (55.6%) of the patients had amputations compared with six (66.7%) from the control group (P = .6) at comparable levels of amputation. The literature supports that the use of intra-arterial tissue plasminogen activator might be beneficial for severe cases of frostbites; however, it lacks of studies of major significance and results are often controversial. Our study has not shown statistically significant results on amputation levels and cannot support the hypothesis of efficacy of thrombolytic therapy.
Human Rights Enforcement at the Borders
Authors: Wheeler Caleb H
Published: July 2019

In September 2018, Pre-Trial Chamber I of the International Criminal Court (ICC) reached a decision that could profoundly impact accountability for transnational human rights violations. In its decision, the Pre-Trial Chamber found that it has jurisdiction over the crime against humanity of deportation as it relates to the government of Myanmar’s treatment of the Rohingya ethnic group. This decision is remarkable for the fact that Myanmar is not a state party to the Rome Statute and therefore not directly subject to the ICC Statute. The Court circumvented this problem by ruling that a portion of the crime was committed in Bangladesh permitting the exercise of jurisdiction in this matter. This article endeavours to accomplish two goals. First, it analyses the Pre-Trial Chamber’s ruling to determine whether it is in compliance with the Rome Statute and international law. Secondly, it will discuss the ramifications of the decision and consider whether it can act as a partial solution for addressing transnational human rights violations being committed in the territory of non-states parties. The article concludes that the decision itself is open to question, creating a danger that it will be susceptible to challenge. The ICC needs to ensure that these sorts of controversial decisions have a firm legal foundation to better deliver justice to the victims of atrocity crimes, and protect the Court from criticism that it is failing victims.
Allocation of Treatment Responsibility and Adherence to Hydroxyurea Among Adolescents With Sickle Cell Disease
Authors: Creary Susan E , Modi Avani C , Stanek Joseph R , Chisolm Deena J , O’Brien Sarah H , Nwankwo Cara , Crosby Lori E
Published: July 2019

Objective

Adolescents with sickle cell disease (SCD) are at increased risk for complications. Hydroxyurea is a medication that can ameliorate risk but to benefit, adolescents must adhere to treatment. Study aims were to describe how adolescents and their caregivers decided who was responsible for treatment tasks, to describe adolescents’ and caregivers’ responsibility for these tasks, and to examine if hydroxyurea adherence was associated with younger adolescent age, less discrepancy between adolescents’ and caregivers’ reports of adolescent responsibility, and higher caregiver involvement.

Methods

Twenty-nine dyads completed treatment responsibility measures. A combination of laboratory and electronic prescription data were used to determine hydroxyurea adherence and electronic medical records were used to determine appointment adherence.

Results

Few dyads agreed or planned how to complete treatment tasks. Adolescents shared responsibility with caregivers for medication-taking tasks. Adolescents perceived caregivers and caregivers perceived adolescents were overall responsible for treatment, especially for appointment tasks. Half of adolescents were adherent to hydroxyurea and half were adherent to appointments but medication adherence was not associated with age, discrepancy between adolescents’ and caregivers’ responses, or caregiver involvement.

Conclusions

Despite frequent hydroxyurea and appointment nonadherence, few adolescents and caregivers plan how to manage adolescents’ SCD treatment or perceive they are overall responsible. Future studies are needed to determine the factors that influence these perceptions and if increasing adolescent and caregiver treatment planning improves adherence and clinical outcomes.
High-dose or multi-day praziquantel for imported schistosomiasis? A systematic review
Authors: Cucchetto Giulia , Buonfrate Dora , Marchese Valentina , Rodari Paola , Ferrari Anna , Zanotti Paola , Bottieau Emmanuel , Silva Ronaldo , Bisoffi Zeno , Gobbi Federico
Published: July 2019

Background

Schistosomiasis affects more than 260 million people worldwide, mostly in sub-Saharan Africa, where more than 280 000 deaths per year are estimated. In the past few years, the increasing flow of migrants from endemic areas and the upward number of international travels have caused the emergence of the disease also in non-endemic areas. A single course of praziquantel (PZQ) 40 mg/kg is the first-line treatment recommended by the World Health Organization, mainly based on clinical trials conducted in endemic countries. No trials have been performed in non-endemic areas.

Methods

We carried out a systematic review of case reports and case series published between 1956 and August 2017 on cases of chronic schistosomiasis (infection acquired >3 months before) diagnosed in non-endemic areas and treated with PZQ. Primary outcome was to assess the number of different therapeutic regimens deployed and their frequency of use, calculated as the number of reports for each regimen over the total number of included cases.

Results

The final database included 99 case reports and 51 case series, for a total of 1433 patients. In 57 of the 150 records (38%) the administered treatment was different from the one recommended by the World Health Organization. The proportion of ‘alternative’ regimens included increased doses of PZQ (up to 80 mg/kg) and/or prolonged duration of treatment and/or doses repeated some days/weeks apart. About 50% of the records regarding Western short-term travellers reported a non-standard treatment.

Conclusion

This is the first complete catalogue of the published experience with PZQ outside of endemic areas in the situation where reinfection is not an issue. We found a wide heterogeneity of the therapeutic regimens reported. Multicenter clinical trials conducted in non-endemic areas and guidelines specifically addressing the treatment of imported cases of chronic schistosomiasis are needed.