bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“ Sawwaru Waynkum ?” Human Rights and Social Trauma in Waltz with Bashir
Authors: Rastegar Kamran
Published: July 2013

This article examines how human rights principles and discourse on social trauma and cultural memory intersect within contemporary post-conflict cinemas of the Middle East. Through a discussion of Ari Folman’s film Waltz with Bashir , the essay argues that the increasing turn to memory and trauma discourse has led to a problematic relationship with the pursuit of justice. In the case of Israeli films about the 1982 invasion of Lebanon, the articulation of ‘perpetrator traumas’ has led to an evasion of the question of responsibility that is at the heart of human rights discourse. Nonetheless, this study concludes that memory and trauma discourse and human rights may be realigned productively to promote justice for victims of human rights abuses, as well as a degree of closure on social traumas.
Turning to and away from the Highest Canonical Authority: A Reexamination of Thomas Bernhard’s Reception of Adalbert Stifter in Frost
Authors: Pizer John
Published: July 2013

In the aftermath of World War II, both Austria and Germany drew on their most canonical classical authors for didactic and public relations goals. In the Federal Republic of Germany and the German Democratic Republic, Goethe was the central cultural figure utilized for these purposes, while in Austria Stifter played a leading role. This essay begins by contrasting these respective national instrumentalizations of cultural patrimony. The impact of Stifter as an iconic Austrian author drawn upon in the wake of the war by the country’s educational and cultural institutions is evident in the works of Thomas Bernhard, particularly in his first novel, Frost . This essay reevaluates the impact of Stifter’s most canonical novel, Der Nachsommer , on Frost from the perspective of Stifter reception in the immediate postwar years and examines Bernhard’s seemingly polemic treatment of Stifter in his novel Alte Meister in this broader context of Bernhard’s Stifter reception.
“daß ich ja nicht im entferntesten daran gedacht habe, irgendeine Frage lösen zu wollen”: The Development of Arthur Schnitzler’s Position on the “Jewish Question” from Der Weg ins Freie to Professor Bernhardi
Authors: Haberich Max
Published: July 2013

Schnitzler’s sense of Jewish identity has been assumed to be a more or less static construct; drawing on unpublished autobiographical material, this article argues that his position moved fluidly from a more cautious, observational viewpoint in Der Weg ins Freie (1908) to a more decisive position in Professor Bernhardi (1912). This perspective complements the more differentiated understanding of Jewish identity in Vienna in recent scholarship, which has come to see it as a flexible concept based on continual mutual exchange between Jews and non-Jews. One can summarize Schnitzler’s position as enlightened apolitical individualism. Enlightened, because he rejected religious orthodoxy as well as conversion to Catholicism; apolitical, because Schnitzler was profoundly skeptical of politics and never let himself be harnessed by a particular party or movement; and individualistic, because Schnitzler stayed true to his personal convictions, irrespective of the anti-Semitic clamor of his opponents.
Filming Vienna 1900: The Poetics of Cinema and the Politics of Ornament in Raúl Ruiz’s Klimt
Authors: Stewart Janet
Published: July 2013

Raúl Ruiz’s 2006 movie Klimt offers a sophisticated attempt to translate the visual art theory of Klimt’s Vienna into cinematic form. Reading this film alongside Ruiz’s reflections on film theory, this article explores how Ruiz employed key ideas from this period about ornament, spatiality and “surface effects,” reproducibility, and optic and haptic visuality in his search for a new cinematic language that might offer an alternative to mainstream cinema and the cinema of the “classical” avant-garde.
Generationenkonzepte in zeitgenössischen österreichisch-jüdischen Romanen
Authors: Müllender Yannick
Published: July 2013

The article discusses generational relations in novels by Jewish Austrian authors Doron Rabinovici, Eva Menasse, and Robert Schindel, whose work is profoundly marked by an indirect, mediated approach to their ancestors’ experience of the Holocaust. Taking the shared “postmemorial” perspective of their writing as a starting point, the analysis explores how the concept of generation serves as a frame of reference for structuring both the diachronic intergenerational transmission of history as well as synchronically running processes of intragenerational self-assertion as Jews in a gentile environment.
Visualizing Hofmannsthal’s “Das Märchen der 672. Nacht”
Authors: Painitz Sarah S.
Published: July 2013

Recent scholarship on Hofmannsthal’s “Das Märchen der 672. Nacht” (1895) has focused on how the protagonist’s subconscious motivates his actions. Contrary to such a psychoanalytic approach, this article traces the role of the visual on a hermeneutic and structural level. Visuality defines and frames the textual world of “Märchen”: it conveys the protagonist’s thoughts and emotions, defines his relationships with others, dictates his behavior and actions, and functions as a structuring principle of the narrative. This analysis of visuality reveals how the visual and the verbal overlap and commingle in Hofmannsthal’s works, not only as ways of experiencing the world, but also as an inherent aspect of the reading experience.
Location, Location, Location
Authors: Cates Deborah , Gutiérrez Eva , Hafer Sarah , Barrett Ryan , Corina David
Published: July 2013

This article presents an analysis of the relationship between sign structure and iconicity in American Sign Language. Historically, linguists have been pressured to downplay the role of form-meaning relationships (iconicity) in signed languages. However, recent inquiries into the role of traditional phonological parameters of signs (handshape, location, and movement) in the development of metaphor, event telicity, and c-selection have invited a reanalysis of the role of iconicity in signed language structure. We present an analysis of the distribution of handshape, location, and movement parameters in signs and examine which of these parameters are most often used to encode iconic properties. We examine both iconic and visual-metaphorical relationships to the referents of 767 signs of American Sign Language. The findings suggest that body location is salient in conveying iconic information both for signs with concrete referents (iconic) and for signs with abstract referents (visual-metaphorical). We discuss the implications of these findings for structural and processing models of naturally occurring signed languages.
A Functional Description of self in American Sign Language
Authors: Wilkinson Erin
Published: July 2013

Past studies have identified the function of self as a canonical reflexive pronoun in American Sign Language (ASL). This study examines the use of self with fifteen hours of naturalistic ASL discourse framed by the cognitive-functionalist approach. The analysis reveals that the category of self is expressed in three phonological forms and exhibits a number of other functions beside the canonical reflexive. In contradiction to previous analyses, this study finds that the use of self as a canonical reflexive is minimal whereas the distribution shows 80 percent of self tokens as an emphatic. Genres appear to play a role in the SELF usage where the study reports that self is frequently expressed in vlogs compared to narratives and two-person conversations. self is not best analyzed as a reflexive pronoun as previously claimed but instead can be viewed as a morpheme marking emphatic functions.
Pointing and Reference in Sign Language and Spoken Language: Anchoring vs. Identifying
Authors: Barberà Gemma , Zwets Martine
Published: July 2013

In both signed and spoken languages, pointing serves to direct an addressee’s attention to a particular entity. This entity may be either present or absent in the physical context of the conversation. In this article we focus on pointing directed to nonspeaker/non addressee referents in Sign Language of the Netherlands (Nederlandse Gebarentaal, NGT) and spoken Dutch. Our main goal is to show that the semantic- pragmatic function of pointing signs and pointing gestures might be very different. The distinction is characterized in terms of anchoring and identifying. Whereas pointing signs can serve both functions, pointing gestures appear to lack the anchoring option.
Parallel Bimodal Bilingual Acquisition: A Hearing Child Mediated in a Deaf Family
Authors: Cramér-Wolrath Emelie
Published: July 2013

The aim of this longitudinal case study was to describe bimodal and bilingual acquisition in a hearing child, Hugo, especially the role his Deaf family played in his linguistic education. Video observations of the family interactions were conducted from the time Hugo was 10 months of age until he was 40 months old. The family language was Swedish Sign Language (SSL). With Hugo, however, the parents used one language base in which single gestural signs or vocal words were often simultaneously inserted (the latter when not in visual contact). Hugo showed an awareness of visual attention to SSL communication at 22 months and differentiated vocal and gestural modality according to his interlocutor two months later. During the 28-month and 32-month sessions, a grammatical analysis might explain why Hugo’s use of SSL was rare. The findings are possibly vital for a broader international audience than professionals who meet bimodal-bilingual children.
The Effect of New Technologies on Sign Language Research
Authors: Lucas Ceil , Mirus Gene , Palmer Jeffrey Levi , Roessler Nicholas James , Frost Adam
Published: July 2013

This paper first reviews the fairly established ways of collecting sign language data. It then discusses the new technologies available and their impact on sign language research, both in terms of how data is collected and what new kinds of data are emerging as a result of technology. New data collection methods and new kinds of data are illustrated with three specific case studies.
Endothelin systems in the brain: involvement in pathophysiological responses of damaged nerve tissues
Authors: Koyama Yutaka
Published: August 2013

In addition to their potent vasoconstriction effects, endothelins (ETs) show multiple actions in various tissues including the brain. The brain contains high levels of ETs, and their production is stimulated in many brain disorders. Accumulating evidence indicates that activation of brain ET receptors is involved in several pathophysiological responses in damaged brains. In this article, the roles of brain ET systems in relation to brain disorders are reviewed. In the acute phase of stroke, prolonged vasospasm of cerebral arteries and brain edema occur, both of which aggravate brain damage. Studies using ET antagonists show that activation of ETAreceptors in the brain vascular smooth muscle induces vasospasm after stroke. Brain edema is induced by increased activity of vascular permeability factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor and matrix metalloproteinases. Activation of ETBreceptors stimulates astrocytic production of these permeability factors. Increases in reactive astrocytes are observed in neurodegenerative diseases and in the chronic phase of stroke, where they facilitate the repair of damaged nerve tissues by releasing neurotrophic factors. ETs promote the induction of reactive astrocytes through ETBreceptors. ETs also stimulate the production of astrocytic neurotrophic factors. Recent studies have shown high expression of ETBreceptors in neural progenitors. Activation of ETBreceptors in neural progenitors promotes their proliferation and migration, suggesting roles for ETBreceptors in neurogenesis. Much effort has been invested in the pursuit of novel drugs to induce protection or repair of damaged nerve tissues. From these studies, the pharmacological significance of brain ET systems as a possible target of neuroprotective drugs is anticipated.
Anticholinesterase and antioxidative properties of water-extractable phytochemicals from some citrus peels
Authors: Ademosun Ayokunle Olubode , Oboh Ganiyu
Published: August 2013

Background: Aqueous extracts from citrus peels are used in many rural communities in Nigeria in treating various degenerative conditions, although the scientific basis for its use has not been well established. This study sought to investigate the anticholinesterase and antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from some citrus peels [orange (Citrus sinensis), grapefruit (Citrus paradisii), and shaddock (Citrus maxima)].

Methods: The effects of the extracts on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, as well as Fe2+-induced malondialdehyde (MDA) production in vitro, were investigated. The total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities as typified by 1,1-diphenyl-2 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability and hydroxyl (OH) radicals scavenging abilities were also investigated.

Results: The results revealed that orange peels had the highest total phenol content followed by grapefruit peels, whereas shaddock peels had the least. The extracts inhibited AChE activity in a dose-dependent manner, although there is no significant difference (p>0.05) in their inhibitory abilities of the peels. The extracts exhibited antioxidant activities as typified by their radical (DPPH· and OH·) scavenging abilities as well as the inhibition of Fe2+-induced lipid peroxidation in rat’s brain in vitro.

Conclusions: The anticholinesterase activity and inhibition of MDA production by the aqueous extracts of the peels, as well as other antioxidant activities, could make the peels a good dietary means for the management of oxidative-mediated neurodegenerative disorders.
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2) polymorphism is associated with chronic inflammatory periodontitis. A cross-sectional study
Authors: Ebadian Ahmad Reza , Kadkhodazadeh Mahdi , Soltanian Negar , Amid Reza
Published: August 2013

Background: Chronic periodontitis (CP) and peri-implantitis (PI) are inflammatory diseases that affect supporting tissues of teeth or implants. The involvement of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated 2 (HCN2) in neuronal excitability, hyperalgesia, allodynia, spontaneous pain, synaptic plasticity, and rebound activity was previously determined. Recently, scientists found that HCN2 plays an important role in chronic inflammatory pain. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between gene polymorphisms of HCN2 and CP/PI.

Methods: A total of 74 patients with CP, 37 patients with PI, and 80 healthy controls presenting to the Periodontology Department of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. DNA was extracted from fresh blood samples of the arm vein of participants and transferred to KBioscience Institute (UK) for genotyping. χ2-test was performed with SPSS software v.19 for statistical analyses. A p value <0.05 was considered significant.

Results: Both rs55687900 and rs148730222 had significant differences in genotype frequencies between CP and healthy groups (p=0.005 and 0.006, respectively). The allele frequencies also revealed significant frequencies (p=0.004 and 0.006, respectively). The comparison of genotype and allele frequencies between PI and healthy groups had no significant difference.

Conclusions: HCN2 polymorphism may play a role in CP but not in PI. Despite this approval, more studies with larger sample sizes in different populations are necessary.
Prevalence of cardiovascular disease and cancer during cross-sex hormone therapy in a large cohort of trans persons: a case–control study
Authors: Wierckx K , Elaut E , Declercq E , Heylens G , De Cuypere G , Taes Y , Kaufman J M , T'Sjoen G
Published: August 2013

Objective

This study evaluated the short- and long-term cardiovascular- and cancer-related morbidities during cross-sex hormone therapy in a large sample of trans persons.

Subjects and methods

A specialist center cross-sectional study compared 214 trans women (male-to-female transsexual persons) and 138 trans men (female-to-male trans persons) with an age- and gender-matched control population (1–3 matching). The participants were on cross-sex hormone therapy for an average of 7.4 years. We assessed physical health and possible treatment-related adverse events using questionnaires.

Results

Five percent of trans women experienced venous thrombosis and/or pulmonary embolism during hormone therapy. Five of these adverse events occurred during the first year of treatment, while another three occurred during sex reassignment surgery. Trans women experienced more myocardial infarctions than the control women (P=0.001), but a similar proportion compared with control men. The prevalence of cerebrovascular disease (CVD) was higher in trans women than in the control men (P=0.03). The rates of myocardial infarction and CVD in trans men were similar to the control male and female subjects. The prevalence of type 2 diabetes was higher in both trans men and women than in their respective controls, whereas the rates of cancer were similar compared with the control men and women.

Conclusion

Morbidity rate during cross-sex hormone therapy was relatively low, especially in trans men. We observed a higher prevalence of venous thrombosis, myocardial infarction, CVD, and type 2 diabetes in trans women than in the control population. Morbidity rates in trans men and controls were similar, with the exception of the increased prevalence of type 2 diabetes.
Metformin inhibits growth of eutopic stromal cells from adenomyotic endometrium via AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of AKT phosphorylation: a possible role in the treatment of adenomyosis
Authors: Xue Jing , Zhang Hui , Liu Wei , Liu Ming , Shi Min , Wen Zeqing , Li Changzhong
Published: August 2013

Adenomyosis is a finding that is associated with dysmenorrhea and heavy menstrual bleeding, associated with PI3K/AKT signaling overactivity. To investigate the effect of metformin on the growth of eutopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) from patients with adenomyosis and to explore the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and PI3K/AKT pathways. Primary cultures of human ESCs were derived from normal endometrium (normal endometrial stromal cells (N-ESCs)) and adenomyotic eutopic endometrium (adenomyotic endometrial stroma cells (A-ESCs)). Expression of AMPK was determined using immunocytochemistry and western blot analysis. 3-(4, 5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assays were used to determine the effects of metformin and compound C on ESCs and also to detect growth and proliferation of ESCs. AMPK and PI3K/AKT signaling was determined by western blotting. A-ECSs exhibited greater AMPK expression than N-ESCs. Metformin inhibited proliferation of ESCs in a concentration-dependent manner. The IC50was 2.45 mmol/l for A-ESCs and 7.87 mmol/l for N-ESCs. Metformin increased AMPK activation levels (p-AMPK/AMPK) by 2.0±0.3-fold in A-ESCs, 2.3-fold in A-ESCs from the secretory phase, and 1.6-fold in the proliferation phase. The average reduction ratio of 17β-estradiol on A-ESCs was 2.1±0.8-fold in proliferative phase and 2.5±0.5-fold in secretory phase relative to the equivalent groups not treated with 17β-estradiol. The inhibitory effects of metformin on AKT activation (p-AKT/AKT) were more pronounced in A-ESCs from the secretory phase (3.2-fold inhibition vs control) than in those from the proliferation phase (2.3-fold inhibition vs control). Compound C, a selective AMPK inhibitor, abolished the effects of metformin on cell growth and PI3K/AKT signaling. Metformin inhibits cell growth via AMPK activation and subsequent inhibition of PI3K/AKT signaling in A-ESCs, particularly during the secretory phase, suggesting a greater effect of metformin on A-ESCs from secretory phase.
Remission and Persistence of Asthma Followed From 7 to 19 Years of Age
Authors: Andersson Martin , Hedman Linnea , Bjerg Anders , Forsberg Bertil , Lundbäck Bo , Rönmark Eva
Published: July 2013

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

To date, a limited number of population-based studies have prospectively evaluated the remission of childhood asthma. This work was intended to study the remission and persistence of childhood asthma and related factors.

METHODS:

In 1996, a questionnaire was distributed to the parents of all children aged 7 to 8 years in 3 municipalities in northern Sweden, and 3430 (97%) participated. After a validation study, 248 children were identified as having asthma; these children were reassessed annually until age 19 years when 205 (83%) remained. During the follow-up period lung function, bronchial challenge testing, and skin prick tests were performed. Remission was defined as no use of asthma medication and no wheeze during the past 12 months as reported at endpoint and in the 2 annual surveys preceding endpoint (ie, for ≥3 years).

RESULTS:

At age 19 years, 21% were in remission, 38% had periodic asthma, and 41% persistent asthma. Remission was more common among boys. Sensitization to furred animals and a more severe asthma (asthma score ≥2) at age 7 to 8 years were both inversely associated with remission, odds ratio 0.14 (95% confidence interval 0.04–0.55) and 0.19 (0.07–0.54), respectively. Among children with these 2 characteristics, 82% had persistent asthma during adolescence. Asthma heredity, damp housing, rural living, and smoking were not associated with remission.

CONCLUSIONS:

The probability of remission of childhood asthma from age 7- to 8-years to age 19 years was largely determined by sensitization status, particularly sensitization to animals, asthma severity, and female gender, factors all inversely related to remission.
Narrative co-construction in the medical consultation: How agency and control affect the diagnosis
Authors: Vickers Caroline H. , Goble Ryan , Lindfelt Christopher
Published: August 2013

The purpose of this paper is to examine patient-provider narrative co-construction of symptoms, diagnosis and treatment in the medical consultation. Narrative scholarship has demonstrated that conversational narratives, including those that take place in medical consultations, are typically co-constructed by all participants within the conversation. In the context of the medical consultation, this means that patient narratives are co-constructed with providers, and that at times, provider contributions to the patient narrative can hide patient contributions. The inherent power asymmetry that exists between patient and provider facilitates the possibility for provider contributions to obscure those of the patient. Based on audio-recorded data from medical consultations between two different nurse practitioners and one patient, findings from this study demonstrate that such narrative co-construction leads to differential information regarding the patient's symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. Implications include the need for providers to relinquish control over to the patient to allow the patient to fully articulate narrative accounts of their medical issues.
Supporting Independent Construction Online
Authors: Mahboob Ahmar , Devrim Devo
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a topology of feedback based on an analysis of feedback given by the SLATE tutors to one class over a semester. In doing this, the paper both critically reviews the current research on feedback and attempts to create a place for feedback within the Teaching-Learning Cycle. The analysis of feedback presented in this paper identifies a range of feedback strategies used by the tutors. In particular, the paper identifies two main criteria for categorizing feedback: (1) extent of explicitness, and (2) level of rationale provided. These two factors allow us to categorize feedback as ‘hand holding’, ‘carrying’, ‘bridging’ and ‘basejumping’. The paper provides examples of each of these types of feedback, relates them to the current literature on feedback, and discusses their role in students’ language development. The findings of this paper will be of use to both classroom teachers as well as researchers interested in understanding the nature, role, and impact of feedback.
Evaluating the SLATE project
Authors: Mahboob Ahmar , Chan Angela , Webster Jonathan
Published: July 2013

This paper presents a broad evaluation of the Scaffolding Literacy in Academic and Tertiary Environments project (SLATE) drawing from a range of sources, including (a) feedback from some of the key stakeholders involved, and (b) an analysis of student work. First, the paper presents data collected on students’ perceptions of some of the courses supported by the SLATE team. This data is discussed in relation to some of the issues raised in feedback collected from the course lecturers and the SLATE tutors. The paper then shifts its focus and evaluates the project in terms of how the students benefited from the project. This is done by examining how frontloading and supported independent construction helped students in (developing) their use of grammatical metaphor. The findings of this project evaluation have been used to identify issues that need to be considered in developing similar programmes in the future.
Deconstructing written genres in Undergraduate Biology
Authors: Humphrey Sally , Hao Jing
Published: July 2013

This paper reports on research which has investigated key genres of Undergraduate Biology. This investigation was conducted as part of the SLATE research project (Mahboob et al., 2010), a joint research project between the University of Sydney and City University Hong Kong (CityU) to support undergraduate students at CityU to achieve successful outcomes in their tertiary programme of study. Our research has focused on profiling genres concerned with doing and researching biology in the core courses of the undergraduate programme. The analysis is informed by perspectives from systemic functional linguistics and ‘Sydney School’ genre theory (Veel, 1997; Halliday, 2004; Martin and Rose, 2008; Hood, 2010) and draws on the analytical tool of the 3 × 3 matrix developed from SFL informed studies of academic discourse (Humphrey et al., 2010). The analysis has enabled key genres to be mapped in relation to learning across courses to build a spiral curriculum and for the linguistic resources which construe the genres to be made visible within the Deconstruction step of the Sydney school pedagogy known as the Teaching Learning Cycle. These understandings have enabled SLATE tutors to effectively support students in making the shift from ‘doing’ science in their first year of the biology programme to ‘extending’ scientific knowledge in their final Honours project.
Genre-based literacy programs
Authors: Martin James
Published: July 2013

This paper positions the work of the SLATE project within the general theoretical framework of the genre-based literacy programs often referred to as the ‘Sydney School’. The School’s general approach to genre is outlined, including the way it positions genre theory as part of a systemic functional model of language and semiosis. The paper reviews the ways in which this genre theory has been used to analyse texts, renovate curriculum and design pedagogy with a view to providing all students with access to academic literacy. The importance and challenges of embedding literacy programs of this kind within subject areas and disciplines is canvassed in relation to functional linguistic perspectives on field and social realist sociological work on knowledge structure. Finally the challenges faced by the SLATE project in adapting Sydney school initiatives to an on-line environment are introduced.
Designing a reading pedagogy for undergraduate biology students
Authors: Humphrey Sally
Published: July 2013

This paper reports on research and intervention developed to support students in the four core courses of the undergraduate Biology program. This investigation was conducted as part of the SLATE research project (Mahboob, Dreyfus, Humphrey and Martin, 2010), a joint research project between the University of Sydney and City University Hong Kong (CityU). The paper focuses on the support provided for students to comprehend and extract relevant biological knowledge from course materials which were beyond teacher mediated lectures and notes. The pathway of reading support developed and implemented by SLATE researchers includes explicit modelling of genres written by expert biologists and guidance in taking notes from and summarizing those expert texts. In terms of pedagogy, the paper is informed by both reading and writing oriented pedagogies within the Sydney School genre tradition (Unsworth, 2001; Rose and Martin, 2012) and focuses on the stage of the Teaching Learning Cycle known as Building the Field (see Rothery and Stenglin, 1995)
Joint Construction in the SLATE project
Authors: Dreyfus Shoshana , Macnaught Lucy
Published: July 2013

This paper concerns pedagogical approaches to literacy implemented in the Scaffolding Literacy in Academic and Tertiary Education (SLATE) project. In particular, this paper focuses on the Joint Construction step of the Teaching Learning Cycle (Rothery & Stenglin 1994; Martin this volume). Through whole-text genre analysis (Martin & Rose 2008), we will describe how the step of Joint Construction was adapted to an online learning context, in order to support the writing development of undergraduate applied linguistics students at the City University of Hong Kong. Our findings highlight that during online Joint Construction lessons, students were given explicit feedback and encouraged to seek clarification, raise queries, recast original contributions and respond to each other’s suggestions. These findings contribute to our understanding of interaction that targets the shared negotiation of meaning, and addresses the on-going challenge of developing pedagogic exchanges which offer explicit and effective support to students’ writing development.
Resource notes
Authors: Laing Dave
Published: July 2013

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Authenticity as authenticating
Authors: Ekins Richard
Published: July 2013

This article considers the emergence and development of New Orleans jazz revivalism in terms of a conceptual framework developed around the core category of ‘authenticating’. It develops a grounded theory of authenticating conceptualized as a ‘basic social process’ and constructs a phased trajectory of authenticating that incorporates the major sub-processes identified as ‘sourcing’, ‘selecting’, ‘adopting’, ‘adapting’ and ‘progressing’ authenticity. The article sets these sub-processes within competing social worlds of jazz authenticity and purism, as they and their accompanying ideologies have variously emerged and segmented.
Sucking in the Seventies?
Authors: Collins Marcus
Published: July 2013

This article explores how the Rolling Stones, as the most famous sixties rock band to survive the seventies, capture the changing nature of permissiveness across the two decades. The first section examines their continued opposition to what they perceived to be the anti-permissive forces of church, state and censorship in the seventies, though they moderated their antipathy to the music industry. The second section assesses how the Stones attempted to fashion their private lives along libertarian lines. It argues that, although they relished the unprecedented freedoms afforded to them as seventies rock stars, they risked becoming the victims of their own excess. The Stones therefore exemplify how permissiveness at once expanded in the seventies and lost much of its radical charge.
Mapping live provisions in Welsh-language rock, 1978–80
Authors: Jones Craig
Published: July 2013

The article entails an analysis of the Welsh-language live popular music scene in the late 1970s. Composed of amateurs motivated by a desire to promulgate the Welsh language within the linguistic domain of youth popular music culture, Welsh-language popular music of this period was overwhelmingly dominated by rock artists such as Geraint Jarman, Eliffant, and Y Trwynau Coch (The Red Noses), whose pioneering national tours of Wales (1978, 1979, 1980) emulated those of Y Blew (The Hair) ten years earlier, and popularized the notion of touring, as opposed to gigging at weekends, for their contemporaries. Utilizing geospatial analysis techniques, the article examines live opportunities for bands in the period immediately preceding the late 1970s, and advances possible explanations for the observed development of provisions for Welshlanguage youth entertainment.
A cool reception to the American Beat
Authors: Kiszely Philip
Published: July 2013

The Fleshtones visited Britain on several occasions between 1981 and 1983, but their presence on the UK’s alternative live touring circuit is now all but forgotten. Although their fans include influential figures such as Peter Buck and the late Joey Ramone, this New York Citybased quartet—IRS Records stable-mates to the Cramps, the Go Gos and R.E.M.—were roundly rejected by British audiences. In fact, the Fleshtones’ performances in the UK often sparked confrontation in one form or another. In its exploration of their experiences on British tours (they appeared with the likes of Gang of Four, Echo & the Bunnymen and a host of other now legendary names), this article seeks to reveal as much about that wider cultural moment in Britain as it does about the attitudes of the band themselves. The article writes them back into the Anglo-American post-punk exchange narrative, and considers how their failure can be read in that context.
Briefing: Sustainable drainage for sports pitch developments
Authors: Simpson Murray R. , Fleming Paul R. , Frost Matthew W.
Published: August 2013

Effective management of storm water is of paramount importance in urban development, and drainage design is usually governed by planning constraints. In the development of sports pitches, planning bodies often impose discharge constraints, and frequently class such areas as impermeable surfaces, thus treating their drainage behaviour in a similar fashion to roads and pavements, which may require the provision of separate attenuation. This briefing presents preliminary findings of a project to assess the drainage behaviour of sports pitch developments. The work undertaken to date suggests only a fraction of water falling on a pitch (rain) is discharged to the drains, identifying an apparent attenuation capacity and potential over-design within current sports pitch drainage systems. In addition to the low discharge volumes measured from pitch systems, there has also been a broad range of flow rates experienced. This led to the development of a bespoke flow monitoring device, FloPod. Designed and fabricated at Loughborough University, this device allows a broad range of flow rates to be measured without compromising aspects of data resolution and reliability – key factors that were not found in commercially available devices.
From recruitment to senescence: food shapes the age‐dependent pattern of breeding performance in a long‐lived bird
Authors: Oro Daniel , Hernández Noelia , Jover Lluis , Genovart Meritxell
Published: July 2013

We used a long‐term data set (26 years) from Audouin's Gull (Larus audouinii), a long‐lived seabird, to address the relationship between the age‐dependent pattern of reproductive performance and environmental conditions during breeding. Although theoretical models predict that the youngest and oldest breeders (due to inexperience and senescence, respectively) will perform less well than intermediate age classes, few empirical data exist regarding how this expected pattern varies with food availability. To assess the influence of age and food availability (corrected by population size of the main consumers to take into account density dependence) on a number of breeding parameters (laying dates, egg volume, clutch size, and hatching success), we modeled mean and variances of these parameters by incorporating heterogeneity into generalized linear models. All parameters varied with age and to different degrees, depending on food availability. As expected, performance improved with increased food supply, and the observed age pattern was quadratic, with poorer breeding performances occurring in extreme ages. For most parameters (except for laying dates, for which age and food did not interact), the pattern changed with food somewhat unexpectedly; the differences in performance between age classes were higher (i.e., the quadratic pattern was more noticeable) when food was more readily available than when food availability was lower. We suggest that, under poor environmental conditions, only high‐quality individuals of the younger and older birds bred and that the differences in breeding performance between age classes were smaller. Although variances for egg volume were constant, variances for laying dates were highest for the youngest breeders and tended to decrease with age, either due to the selection of higher‐quality individuals or to a greater frequency of birds skipping breeding with age, especially when food was in low supply. Our results show that mean and variances of breeding parameters changed with age, but that this pattern was different for each parameter and also varied according to food availability. It is likely that, other than food, certain additional factors (e.g., sex, cohort effects, density dependence) also influence changes in breeding performance with age, and this may preclude the finding of a common pattern among traits and among studies on different taxa.
Pressure Testing of Segmented Horizontal Wells in Anisotropic Composite Reservoirs
Authors: Obinna Ezulike D. , Alpheus Igbokoyi O.
Published: July 2013

Advances in technology have provided better ways to handle production problems like premature gas or (and) water breakthrough in the field. Selectively shutting-in wells to bypass flow from these thief zones has been made possible using selective completion and inflow control devices (ICD). These practices make the horizontal well behave as if it were segmented. Although pressure transient studies on segmented horizontal wells exist, they do not incorporate the flexibility of shutting well segments at any time as experienced in the field.

This work proposes a robust three dimensional analysis of arbitrarily oriented horizontal well segments in anisotropic reservoir; these segments can be shut-in at any time independent of other segments. After solving the flow equations, a point source solution is obtained which is then converted to a line source solution for horizontal wells in clastic reservoirs by integrating over the producing length of the well segments. An arbitrary orientation for the horizontal well is adopted to obtain a general solution in an anisotropic system. From the line source solution, type-curves are generated. This study analyses the effect of selective well completion, number of well segments present, segment length ratios, permeability anisotropy and reservoir dimension on the resulting pressure derivative signature.

This work attempts assymptotic flow regime analysis for reservoir parameter estimation and the proposed model matches examples from commercial simulator. The result of this work is attractive when analyzing pressure data from intelligent horizontal wells that can be selectively shut-in and selectively put on production.
CRP and IL-1B Gene Polymorphisms and CRP in Blood in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Auerkari EI , Suhartono AW , Djamal NZ , Verisqa F , Suryandari DA , Kusdhany LS , Masulili SLC , Talbot C
Published: August 2013

Recent studies have suggested an association between periodontal disease (PD) and the systemic polygenic diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). These are thought to be associated because of interrelated environmental, epigenetic, and genetic risk factors. The involved candidate genes include the IL-1B gene, encoding the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, and the CRP gene encoding the C-reactive protein (CRP), also a known marker of inflammation. However, as the details are not well known on the genetic variation influencing the risk factors, this work aimed to evaluate the distribution of selected polymorphisms of IL-1B and CRP genes, and serum CRP level, in comparison with the PD status. For this purpose, periodontal health was assessed, serum CRP levels measured and polymorphism status of IL-1B and CRP genes determined from samples of peripheral blood taken from 101 consenting Indonesian adult males. The results show that severe PD was significantly associated with age and smoking, as expected, but not with the polymorphisms of IL-1B or CRP (1444). However, a significantly lower fraction of subjects with normal periodontal health than subjects with PD showed the heterozygous type polymorphism of CRP (717). There was no significant difference in the fraction of cases with elevated serum CRP level between subjects with normal health and those with PD, and further study with a larger sample is recommended. The observed association between polymorphism of CRP (717) and periodontal health is suggested as a complementary indicator of the risk to PD for the Indonesian male population.
Metabolic Syndrome: Differences between Psychiatric and Internal Medicine Patients
Authors: Margari Francesco , Zagaria Giuseppina , Lozupone Madia , Minerva Francesco , Pisani Rossella , Palasciano Giuseppe , Pastore Adriana , Palmieri Vincenzo , Todarello Orlando
Published: July 2013

Objectives:

The existence of specific features of Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in psychiatric population in comparison to not psychiatric patients has not been systematically investigated. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the differences of MetS among a group of psychiatric patients and a group of internal medicine patients in terms of anthropometric measurements, biochemical variables, and cardiovascular risk.

Methods:

We enrolled 83 psychiatric inpatients under pharmacological treatment (schizophrenia n = 24, bipolar disorder n = 27, major depression n = 14, other n = 18) and 77 internal medicine patients visited for supposed MetS as affected by overweight or arterial hypertension.

Results:

Psychiatric patients differed from control subjects by age (yrs) (47 ± 9 vs. 52 ± 8.6, p = 0.001), waist circumference (cm) (111.9 ± 10.9 vs. 106 ± 12.6, p= 0.02), HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) (36.8 ± 7 vs. 48 ± 11.3, p = 0.001), serum insulin (µU/ml) (26 ± 12.5 vs. 16.4 ± 8.8, p = 0.001), triglyceride/HDL cholesterol ratio (4.8 ± 2.7 vs. 3.3 ± 2.2, p = 0.01). Female psychiatric patients had higher levels of triglycerides (mg) (178 + 86 vs. 115 + 53, p = 0.002) and of HOMA index (7.8 + 5 vs. 3.8 + 3.3, p = 0.005). Triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL ratio levels were higher in Unipolar Depression. A positive association was found between antidepressant drug treatment with triglycerides and triglycerides/HDL ratio levels, neuroleptic treatment with the HOMA index, and antipsychotics drugs with the Framingham index.

Limitations:

Psychiatric study population numerosity and duration of psychiatric illness and drug treatment.

Conclusions:

Specific features of MetS in psychiatric population are mainly represented by young age of onset, hyperinsulinemia, increased abdominal adiposity, and low HDL cholesterol whose common denominator may be insulin-resistance.
Effects of Hospitalization in a Psychiatric Ward on the Body Weight of Japanese Patients with Schizophrenia
Authors: Suzuki Yutaro , Mikami Takeaki , Tajiri Misuzu , Kunizuka Takuro , Abe Hiroko , Someya Toshiyuki
Published: July 2013

Objective:

In Japan, the prevalence of overweight/obesity in the general population is considerably lower and the mean duration of hospitalization of patients with schizophrenia is much longer than those in Europe and North America. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these differences in ethnics or healthcare systems influence the nutritional status of patients with schizophrenia.

Methods:

Body mass index (BMI) and blood biochemistry tests were determined at hospitalization and at discharge for 171 Japanese patients who were hospitalized for the treatment of acute phase schizophrenia.

Results:

For 56 patients who were overweight/obese at hospitalization, BMI ( p < 0.001), fasting plasma glucose ( p = 0.039), and low-density lipoprotein ( p = 0.027) were significantly lower at discharge than at hospitalization. BMI at hospitalization, duration of hospitalization, and age were associated with a decrease in BMI during hospitalization. Among the 115 patients who were not overweight/obese at hospitalization, there were no changes in BMI and blood biochemistry tests between hospitalization and discharge.

Conclusions:

Compared with inpatients, outpatients with schizophrenia may be more likely to be overweight/obese in Japan.
The Impact of Coercion on Treatment Outcome: One-Year Follow-up Survey
Authors: Seo Mi Kyung , Kim Seung Hyun , Rhee MinKyu
Published: July 2013

Objective:

This study examined whether coercive measures or perceived coercion experienced by mentally disabled patients in the hospitalization process could be justified under paternalism. To find out whether coercion can be justified by paternalism, a year of follow-up research was conducted to examine the impact of coercive measures and perceived coercion experienced during hospitalization on the patients' therapeutic benefit.

Methods:

A 6-month period and a 1-year period of follow-up research was conducted with 266 patients to assess whether the coercion they experienced during hospitalization (coercive measures and perceived coercion) had an effect on changing the patients' mental symptoms and insight.

Results:

The results showed a decrease in both mental symptoms and insight over time. However, it was found that neither coercive measures nor perceived coercion had a significant effect on the change of mental symptoms and that, thus, coercion had little contribution to the declining of symptoms. Coercive measures had no effect on the change of insight but perceived coercion was shown to have a positive effect on a change in insight. Patient insight was shown to improve with increased perceived coercion.

Conclusions:

Paternalism provides a partial explanation to serve as a basis for justifying perceived coercion. Limitations and suggestions for further study are discussed.
The Rhetorical Construction of Social Classes in the Reports of Stalin's Secret Police
Authors: Stanchevici Dmitri
Published: July 2013

Stalin's government received information about the political and economic situation in the countryside through the reports prepared by the security service VChK-OGPU-NKVD. This article reveals that these reports ( svodkas in Russian) strain to rhetorically construct a social classification of the peasantry by dividing it into the kulaks (wealthy peasants hostile to Soviet power), the bednyaks (poor peasants supporting Soviet power), and the serednyaks (peasants of average means with uncertain attitudes to the regime). The svodkas persuaded their audience—the secret police and the governments—of the reality of this tripartite classification. This persuasion derived from their massiveness, secretiveness, and mixture of ideological and technical language. Since these conditions inhere in modern governmental, technical, and scientific discourse, the writers for these fields should be aware that when they engage in constructing order through classification, they face temptations of what Kenneth Burke calls rhetoric of hierarchy with its scapegoat principle.