bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Professional burnout as a legal category
Authors:   Herzen State Pedagogical University of Russia, Dobrokhotova Elena N. , Voronkova Svetlana V. ,   Research Institute of Industrial and Maritime Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency
Published: February 2023

The state of fatigue caused by work (“professional burnout”) must be given legal significance. The authors of the article are among the first in legal science to assess the links of “professional burnout” with the categories of work capacity, disability, legal capacity, delictworthiness, social and professional risks. The study solved the tasks of assessing the extent of the real spread of “professional burnout”, its symptoms and their legally significant manifestations in the activities of pedagogical and medical workers classified as high-risk groups of exposure to “professional burnout”, in order to formulate ideas on this basis about the place and role of assessment of “professional burnout”in the system of relations regulated by labor and administrative law, social security law. The data used as the basis of the study were collected in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic, during a period of drastic changes in organizational and socio-psychological working conditions, exacerbation of stressful factors. To assess them, the methods of questionnaires, legal analysis, comparative analysis with the progress and results of medical research, generalization of statistical data were used. As a result, a unique database was formed on the dynamics of the health of teaching staff, a detailed description of the professional burnout of medical workers, symptoms that pose a threat of negative socio-legal consequences were identified by the phases of the syndrome development, a comparative characteristic of the socially significant symptoms of “professional burnout” was created and based on it - the characteristic of legally significant features of the syndrome as a whole, as a fact-a condition characterized by increasing dynamics, shows the connection between the structure of violations detected as a result of control and supervisory measures committed by medical workers in the provision of medical care with the development of “professional burnout” in this environment, the means and legal mechanisms for preventing or minimizing the risk of the formation of “professional burnout” are presented, the necessity and possibility of conceptual changes in the system of assessing working conditions by groups of factors of production by including a new group in them – socio-psychological factors with the attribution to them of work regimes, the quality of labor rationing, the quality of communication, for which the identified indicators of “professional burnout” will be one of the indicators of well-being or trouble in the production environment.
Employment relationship and platform work: global trends and case of Kazakhstan
Authors:   M. Narikbayev KAZGUU University, Khasenov Muslim
Published: February 2023

The global response to the phenomenon of platform work has various forms and approaches. The general trend is that numerous court cases are succeeded by legislative initiatives. It is obviously that platform workers no more cannot be considered as a pure entrepreneur or self-employed persons. Due to the control of ‘hidden algorithms’ they fall under the power of the gig company more than ordinary independent contractors. The case of Kazakhstan confirms this approach and proceeds from the special regime of the platform labour within the scope of employment regulation. However, we should seek a balance between social and economic function of labour law. Traditional construction of employment relationship cannot be entirely applied to the platform workers. Nevertheless, it is crucial to ensure decent labour conditions for them. The solution of the problem is enforcement of presumption of employment based on flexible regulatory policy to this form of employment. For example, Kazakhstan’s response to the platform work challenges is based on distinction between location-based and web-based platform work depending on the degree of employer’s power. The hidden algorithmic control of location-based platforms is a core element in a set of proofs recognizing employment relationship between gig companies and their workers. At the same time web-based platforms present more autonomy of their workers who can serve as independent contractors or freelancers. The author concludes that the international community shall elaborate well-balanced approach to regulation of employment relationship based on digital platforms.
Grounds for the of an individual service relationship
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Grebenshikov Anatoly V. , Zavgorodniy Alexander V. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: February 2023

The legislator established certain features of the emergence of state-service legal relations. For the emergence of these relations, both the act of appointment to the position and the service contract are important. The article deals with the problems associated with the emergence of an individual state-service legal relationship between the state (state body) as an employer and a citizen or civil servant (employed) in the Russian Federation. A distinctive and main feature of the emergence of public-service legal relations between the employer and the citizen (state civil servant) is that the conclusion of a service contract is carried out with a person already appointed to the appropriate position of the civil service on the basis of the issuance of the relevant act of the representative of the employer. At the same time, there is no clear idea of how the parties to a service contract should act when concluding it if there is no agreement in principle between them on a number of conditions, given that the civil servant has already been appointed by the employer to the appropriate civil service position and has begun to perform his direct duties. The authors draw attention to the unsuccessful definition of a service contract in Part 1 of Article 23 of the Federal Law of July 27, 2004 no. 79-FZ “On the State Civil Service of the Russian Federation”, since the representative of the employer cannot be an “employer”, and therefore, cannot be an independent subject of a service legal relationship. The representative of the employer, only implements the functions of the employer, signs a service contract on his behalf. The problems associated with the emergence of a public-service legal relationship and the conclusion of a service contract, to date, remain largely unexplored.
Invalidity of the employment contract and recognition of the employment contract as not valid as a promising way to protect labour rights
Authors:   Russian State University of Justice — Crimean Branch, Agashev Dmitry V.
Published: February 2023

The study is devoted to the substantiation and formulation of proposals for the implementation in Russian labour law of a promising way of protecting individual labour rights — invalidity of the employment contract and the recognition of an employment contract as inactive in court, as well as their ratio. Based on the analysis of the labour legislation of the Russian Federation and other states of the EAEU, an analysis is made of the current state of the normative legal regulation of the issues of the invalidity of an employment contract. It is proposed to fix in the Russian labour legislation the concept, specific grounds for the nullity of an employment contract and its consequences. When considering the provisions of civil legislation on the consequences of the invalidity of disputed transactions, as well as special literature, the author expressed the opinion that the method of protection provided for in paragraph 3 of Article 167 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation should be considered precisely as a mechanism for the transformation (termination for the future) of the legal relationship that arose from the voidable transaction. It is concluded that the partial extrapolation of this model to the labour law reality will allow to form an original way of protection for the employee and the employer, eliminating the grounds for discussion about the subsidiary application of civil law norms on the conclusion and execution of an employment contract. The main results of the study are the formation of a number of proposals aimed at improving the effectiveness of primarily Russian labour legislation. In particular, a distinction is proposed between the grounds and consequences of the nullity of an employment contract and the recognition of an employment contract as inactive. It is stated that the rights and responsibilities of the parties to the employment relationship, formed before the recognition of the employment contract as inactive, should be considered properly executed. It is also proposed to some of innovations in the Labour Code of the Russian Federation, including a fine (penalty) in favor of a minor employee in cases of violation by the employer of the prohibitions on concluding an employment contract as a preventive measure and one of the consequences of recognizing it as inactive.
Social risk and the mechanism of legal regulation of social security
Authors:   Ural State Law University named after V. F. Yakovlev, Istomina Yelena A.
Published: February 2023

Protection from social risks, which one of the main ways is to compensate for their negative consequences in the social security system, is impossible without the law regulation. Various legal means are formed into an integral mechanism for social security legal regulation. The article analyzes the interaction and interdependence of the mechanism of social security legal regulation and social risk. The study is based on the theory of the legal regulation mechanism proposed by S. S. Alekseev. The article shows how the various stages of the legal regulation mechanism correlate with the dynamics of social risk. At the first stage, which consists in the formation of legislation on social security, the model of social risk and its compensation are fixed in the law. On the basis of legal acts, in combination with specific life circumstances, the second stage of the mechanism of social security legal regulation begins - the acting of legal norms that determines the emergence or change of legal relations for the establishment of social benefits. At the moment, the individual's awareness of social risk and the application for social security acquire significance. The third stage of the mechanism of social security legal regulation is the implementation of rights and obligations, when legal regulation achieves its goals. This makes it possible to assess the effectiveness of the legal regulation mechanism. The appeal to the theory of the legal regulation mechanism, its correlation with the concept of social risk can help increase the efficiency of the realization of rights to social security. This is all the more relevant because life gives rise to new dangers that may require their acceptance as social risks and guaranteed protection from their negative consequences.
Improvement of water utility management in Tajikistan: reduction in water wastage using a metered tariff system
Authors: Ogata Ryuji , Matsuda Kazumi , Avzal Tabarzoda Jamshed , Abe Kimio
Published: February 2023

Tajikistan is a country in Central Asia with rich water resources. However, drinking water is used for agriculture and other non-drinking purposes owing to the fixed tariff system. Consequently, the overall level of water services has deteriorated and generated revenue is insufficient for operation and maintenance costs. Therefore, a project aimed to improve the quality of water supply services by providing hardware support, such as construction of wells and renewal of water distribution pipes, was conducted. However, because hardware improvement alone cannot sufficiently enhance water supply services, software support to improve the capacity of Vodokanal (utility) staff, including preparation of a metered tariff system, was implemented through a technical cooperation project. The project successfully raised customer awareness of water conservation, and the water consumption rate was reduced to two-thirds of that before implementation of the project. Additionally, the water quantity, quality, pressure, and supply hours in the target area were significantly improved. Despite the resulting increase in financial burden, customer satisfaction regarding the water supply was enhanced from 51% before the project to 100% in the second half of the project. Simultaneously, the water supply revenue increased by 24% and this increase contributed to sustainable water supply management.
Estimation of crop water stress index and leaf area index based on remote sensing data
Authors: Cetin Mahmut , Alsenjar Omar , Aksu Hakan , Golpinar Muhammet Said , Akgul Mehmet Ali
Published: February 2023

Estimation of crop water stress index (CWSI) and leaf area index (LAI) over large-irrigation schemes requires the use of cutting-edge technologies. Combinations of remote sensing techniques with ground-truth data have become available for use at the catchment level. These approaches allow us to estimate actual evapotranspiration and have the capability of monitoring crop water status and saving irrigation water in water-scarce regions. This study was conducted in the eastern Mediterranean Region of Turkiye. Fully distributed CWSI maps were generated and we assessed the relationship between CWSI and LAI for some specific crops in the winter season of 2021. Landsat 7 and 8 data were used and meteorological data were acquired from two stations in the study area. ‘Mapping Evapotranspiration at high Resolution with Internalized Calibration’ methodology was applied to estimate the energy balance components. CWSI maps displayed spatiotemporal changes in tandem with crop-type variations. Consequently, results presented a high correlation (r = 0.95 and r = 0.99 for wheat and lettuce, respectively) between CWSI and LAI, a moderate correlation (r = 0.44) for potatoes in the winter season. Thus, by utilizing remotely sensed data, the CWSI values would be directly estimated without requiring any in situ measurements of the canopy and air temperature over-irrigation scheme.
Ovariotomie bij vaarzen en koeien via de vaginale weg
Authors: Desmet P.
Published: February 2023

Deze tekst is de schriftelijke neerslag van uitleg gegeven door wijlen Paul Desmet van de transvaginale parel-ovariotomie, tot in de jaren 1970 uitgevoerd op sommige bedrijven om oude afgemolken koeien gemakkelijker af te mesten. Onze zegsman wist hoe men daarbij te werk ging en met zichtbaar genoegen kon hij ons dat precies demonstreren aan de hand van stukken bewaard in de collectie ‘Diergeneeskundig Verleden Merelbeke’. Zijn verhaal werd aangevuld met enkele literatuurgegevens en met een beschrijving van de “Willis spay technique”, een analoge procedure in de Amerikaanse en Australische extensieve rundveehouderij toegepast bij vaarzen, eveneens via vaginale weg. Dit alles ter nagedachtenis van de inspirator van deze tekst*.
Control Strategy of Ball Mill Based on Disturbance Observer and a Virtual Analyzer of Overload
Authors: Zakamaldin A. A. , Shilin A. A.
Published: February 2023

Purpose of research.. Increasing the ore productivity of the grinding mill under the influence of external disturbances, preventing overloading of the mill in operating conditions close to overloading.

Methods. To achieve this goal, it is proposed a new automatic control system (ACS) for ore volumetric filling of grate-discharge ball mill in a closed grinding cycle using model predictive control and active disturbance observer (MPC-DOB). And in addition, virtual analyzer (VA) of the ore weight in the mill based on the developed model of the grinding process is proposed for mill overload control. The ACS was tested on a laboratory installation with the mill PC-model in Simulink and the PLC based implementation of control algorithms. 

Results. MPC-DOB was compared with other ACS based on PID, MPC controllers for various test scenarios and show high performance under the influence of sinusoidal and step disturbances by reducing relative standard deviation (RSD) by 4-7 %. The combined using of MPC-DOB and VA made it possible to increase the grinding process ore productivity by 1 % and improve the quality of mill vibration stabilization in the mode of functional instability.  Conclusion. The developed ACS can be used in the process control system for grinding in a ball mill with a grate to increase the productivity and stability of the technological process and reduce the energy consumption of the mill drive.
Analysis of "Cold Bridges" in Order to Identify Shortcomings of Monolithic Housing Construction in Voronezh
Authors: Sotnikova O. A. , Tselyaritskaya M. I. , Pashchenko Yu. O.
Published: February 2023

Purpose of research. This article analyzes thermal imaging surveys of residential premises in monolithic houses built in 2018 and 2019 in the city of Voronezh. Based on the regulatory requirements of Federal Law No. 261-F3 "On Energy Saving and energy Efficiency improvement", the question is raised about the essential shortcomings in the structural units of the monolithic overlap associated with errors in design and installation. Such errors lead to the formation of places through which heat losses occur - "cold bridges". "Cold bridges" worsen the energy-efficient properties of structures and provoke excessive costs for the operation of buildings

Methods. In the article under consideration, the method of thermal imaging is used for non-contact diagnostics of "cold bridges".

Results. The analysis of thermograms is based on identifying the causes of violations of thermal insulation of external enclosing structures or a decrease in its qualities. The main criterion for comparing different surface areas of enclosing structures is the temperature difference at the selected point on the compared surface area. The temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the surface temperature of the wall of a residential building on the 45th Rifle Division Street exceeds +6.0 ° C with a normalized value of Δtext=+4.0 °C. The temperature difference between the indoor temperature and the surface temperature of the wall of a residential building on Kholzunov Street exceeds +11.0 ° C with a normalized value of Δtext=+4.0 °C.

Conclusion. The above results of the thermal imaging survey allow us to conclude that thermal pads were either not installed along the perimeter of the cantilever ceiling discs, or were mounted with gross errors. Uncontrolled loss of heat through fixed "cold bridges" leads to a significant increase in heat consumption for heating the building. This is contrary to Law No. 261-FZ "On Energy Conservation and Energy Efficiency Improvement". It is quite labor-intensive to eliminate existing bridges in operated apartments. It is advisable to prevent their formation at the design stage and during installation work by means of perforation of a monolithic floor slab. The use of thermal pads leads to a decrease in specific heat loss by an average of 1.5 times and practically eliminates freezing under standard conditions.
Simulation of the Joint Movement of a Robotic-Towing Vehicle and an Aircraft Using Signals from an Optocoupler Matrix
Authors: Afonin D. V. , Pechurin A. S. , Yatsun S. F.
Published: February 2023

Actuality.The heavy workload of airports with transport and cargo aviation creates a problem the land logistics, that seriously complicates the work of the airfield towing system and personnel working processes. That entails expences associated with delayed deliveries or equipment downtime. The usage of the automatic aircraft movement systems, which are capable of towing aircraft round the clock and quickly along the airfield, following the optimal trajectory allows to avoid such situations.

Purpose of research.Creation of the mathematical model and the control algorithm for the autonomous joint movement of a wheeled aircraft towing vehicle and an aircraft, where the control is based on the signals of an optocoupler array.

Methods.Achieving this goal required solving the following problems: describing of a dynamic model of wheeled bodies interconnected by an elastic element; creation of a feedback model based on a group of optocouplers detecting a contrast line; description of the logical conditions that allow determining the position of the object relative to the contrast line. To describe the dynamics of the wheeled platform, the equations of Lagrangian dynamics, as well as the numerical methods of mathematical modeling, were used. An optocoupler array is considered as a tool for estimating the position of the system relative to the contrast line.

Results.A mathematical model, which explores the system movement and reveals the interaction of the system elements has been developed. An adaptive algorithm based on the discrete type feedback for the system managing is developed. An example of the control system when moving in a straight line with the passage of turns at an angle of 90 degrees is considered. A combined braking system in which the distributed brake efforts both on a aircraft and the tower are formed is proposed.

Conclusion.As a result of the mathematical modeling, it was found that the system of wheeled bodies, bound by the force of elasticity, is able to perform controlled movements along a straight line and when passing sharp turns, based on the readings of the optocoupler matrix; corresponding graphs are shown.
Method for Orientation Determining of the Detail for the Automated Soldering Technological Process
Authors: Yatsun S. F. , Mal’chikov A. V. , Kochergin O. B.
Published: February 2023

Purpose of reseach. Development of a technique for determining the orientation of parts during automatic soldering of a contact group based on the assembly of a combined image recognition systems.

Methods. Analysis of the technological process of assembling a part and evaluating the possibility of using various technologies for orienting workpieces. Development of a consistent technique for orienting a part, including the stage of recognizing a rounded edge using a vision system. Development of an algorithm for recognizing the orientation of the workpiece directly from the image of the part and along the contour of the shadow of the part. Setting up full-scale experiments on a test bench, obtaining numerical values for the accuracy of recognizing the orientation of a part for various algorithms.

Methodology. To solve the problem of transportation and positioning of the studied parts, methods of movement are used, due to controlled vibration inside the developed system of guides and cutters. To determine the rounded edge, image processing and recognition methods are used: the k-means method  for clustering the original image, the Hough transform for contour search, etc.

Results. In the course of the study, two algorithms for extracting details from the original image and the image of the shadows cast by the detail were developed. In the detection of an increased risk, more than 96%, however, when detecting sensitivity along the contour of the shadow, more than 99% were detected.

Conclusion. The technique for determining details developed within the framework of the work, including the stages of preliminary sorting according to the task of vibrotransportation, the stage of searching for a round face using a technical perspective system, including the contour of shadow details, makes it possible to obtain high accuracy even when assembling video equipment with a low level of detection.
Single Cell Metabolic Landscape of Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumor Subgroups and Lineages
Authors: Batchu Sai , Diaz Michael , Lin Keldon , Arya Namrata , Patel Karan , Lucke-Wold Brandon
Published: February 2023

Pituitary neuroendocrine tumors (PitNETs) are common intracranial tumors comprising numerous subtypes whose metabolic profiles have yet to be fully examined. The present in silico study analyzed single-cell expression profiles from 2311 PitNET cells from various lineages and subtypes to elucidate differences in metabolic activities. Gonadotroph tumors exhibited high activities with histidine metabolism, whose activity is low in lactotroph tumors. Somatotroph tumors enriched for sulfur and tyrosine metabolism, while lactotroph tumors were enriched metabolism of nitrogen, ascorbate, and aldarate. PIT-1 lineage tumors exhibited high sulfur and thiamine metabolism. These results set precedence for further translational studies for subgroup/lineage specific targeted therapies.
Time-Dependent Changes in Depressive Symptoms Among Control Participants in Digital-Based Psychological Intervention Studies: Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Tong Alan CY , Ho Florence SY , Chu Owen HH , Mak Winnie WS
Published: February 2023

Background

Digital-based psychological interventions (DPIs) have been shown to be efficacious in many randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in dealing with depression in adults. However, the effects of control comparators in these DPI studies have been largely overlooked, and they may vary in their effects on depression management.

Objective

This meta-analytical study aimed to provide a quantitative estimate of the within-subject effects of control groups across different time intervals and explore the moderating effects of control types and symptom severity at baseline.

Methods

A systematic literature search was conducted in late September 2021 on selected electronic databases: PubMed; ProQuest; Web of Science; and the Ovid system with MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Embase. The control conditions in 107 RCTs with a total of 11,803 adults with depressive symptoms were included in the meta-analysis, and effect sizes (Hedges g) were calculated using the standardized mean difference approach. Study quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials version 2.

Results

The control conditions collectively yielded small to moderate effects in reducing depressive symptoms within 8 weeks since the baseline assessment (g=−0.358, 95% CI −0.434 to −0.281). The effects grew to moderate within 9 to 24 weeks (g=−0.549, 95% CI −0.638 to −0.460) and peaked at g=−0.810 (95% CI −0.950 to −0.670) between 25 and 48 weeks. The effects were maintained at moderate to large ranges (g=−0.769, 95% CI −1.041 to −0.498) beyond 48 weeks. The magnitude of the reduction differed across the types of control and severity of symptoms. Care as usual was the most powerful condition of all and produced a large effect (g=−0.950, 95% CI −1.161 to −0.739) in the medium term. The findings showed that waitlist controls also produced a significant symptomatic reduction in the short term (g=−0.291, 95% CI −0.478 to −0.104), refuting the previous suspicion of a nocebo effect. In addition, a large effect on depressive symptom reduction in the long term (g=−1.091, 95% CI −1.210 to −0.972) was noted among participants with severe levels of depressive symptoms at baseline.

Conclusions

This study provided evidence that depressive symptoms generally reduced over time among control conditions in research trials of DPIs. Given that different control conditions produce variable and significant levels of symptomatic reduction, future intervention trials must adopt an RCT design and should consider the contents of control treatments when investigating the efficacy of DPIs. The results of waitlist controls confirmed previous findings of spontaneous recovery among people with mild to moderate depressive symptoms in face-to-face studies. Researchers may adopt watchful waiting as participants wait for the availability of digital-based psychological services.
A Text Messaging Intervention for Priming the Affective Rewards of Exercise in Adults: Protocol for a Microrandomized Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Mishra Sonali R , Dempsey Walter , Klasnja Predrag
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Physical activity is a critical target for health interventions, but effective interventions remain elusive. A growing body of work suggests that interventions targeting affective attitudes toward physical activity may be more effective for sustaining activity long term than those that rely on cognitive constructs alone, such as goal setting and self-monitoring. Anticipated affective response in particular is a promising target for intervention.

OBJECTIVE

We will evaluate the efficacy of an SMS text messaging intervention that manipulates anticipated affective response to exercise to promote physical activity. We hypothesize that reminding users of a positive postexercise affective state before their planned exercise sessions will increase their calories burned during this exercise session. We will deploy 2 forms of affective SMS text messages to explore the design space: low-reflection messages written by participants for themselves and high-reflection prompts that require users to reflect and respond. We will also explore the effect of the intervention on affective attitudes toward exercise.

METHODS

A total of 120 individuals will be enrolled in a 9-week microrandomized trial testing affective messages that remind users about feeling good after exercise (40% probability), control reminders (30% probability), or no message (30% probability). Two types of affective SMS text messages will be deployed: one requiring a response and the other in a read-only format. Participants will write the read-only messages themselves to ensure that the messages accurately reflect the participants’ anticipated postexercise affective state. Affective attitudes toward exercise and intrinsic motivation for exercise will be measured at the beginning and end of the study. The weighted and centered least squares method will be used to analyze the effect of delivering the intervention versus not on calories burned over 4 hours around the time of the planned activity, measured by the Apple Watch. Secondary analyses will include the effect of the intervention on step count and active minutes, as well as an investigation of the effects of the intervention on affective attitudes toward exercise and intrinsic motivation for exercise. Participants will be interviewed to gain qualitative insights into intervention impact and acceptability.

RESULTS

Enrollment began in May 2023, with 57 participants enrolled at the end of July 2023. We anticipate enrolling 120 participants.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will provide early evidence about the effect of a repeated manipulation of anticipated affective response to exercise. The use of 2 different types of messages will yield insight into optimal design strategies for improving affective attitudes toward exercise.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05582369; https://classic.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05582369

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

PRR1-10.2196/46560
Border Health Training for Family Physicians: Is There a Need and Interest?
Authors: Fitzsimmons-Pattison Danielle , Valdman Olga , Scott Mary Alice , Sullivan Kate , Savageau Judith
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: The United States-Mexico border has unique health care challenges due to a range of structural factors. Providers must be trained to address these barriers to improve health outcomes. Family medicine as a specialty has developed various training modalities to address needs for specific content training outside of core curriculum. Our study assessed perceived need, interest, content, and duration of specific border health training (BHT) for family medicine residents.
Methods: Electronic surveys of potential family medicine trainees, faculty, and community physicians assessed appeal, feasibility, preferred content, and duration of BHT. We compared responses from participants from the border region, border states and the rest of the United States in their opinions about modality, duration, content of training, as well as perceived barriers.
Results: Seventy-four percent of survey participants agreed that primary care on the border is unique; 79% indicated a need for specialized BHT. Most border-region faculty were interested in participating as instructors. Most residents expressed interest in short-term rotation experience, yet most faculty recommended postgraduate fellowship. Respondents selected language training (86%), medical knowledge (82%), care of asylum seekers (74%), ethics of cross-cultural work (72%), and advocacy (72%) as the top-five needed training areas.
Conclusions: Results of this study indicate a perceived need and sufficient interest in a range of BHT formats to warrant developing additional experiences. Developing a variety of training experiences can engage a wider audience interested in this topic; that should be done in a way ensuring maximum benefit to border-region communities.
Virtual Interviews: Outcomes and Lessons Learned
Authors: Villacampa Maria Montanez , Nadeau Mark T. , Barajas Kelsi  Sexton , Wood Robert
Published: February 2023

Background and Objectives: The family medicine residency application process is arduous and competitive. An important part of the application is the in-person interview process, which was affected during the last two interview cycles (2021-2022) due to restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. Virtual interviews eliminate traveling costs associated with applications, potentially improving underrepresented minorities’ access to interviewing opportunities. Our goal was to assess if virtual interviews at our institution have negative or positive effects on access for underrepresented in medicine (URiM) applicants and our residency match results.  
Methods: We analyzed data from 2019-2022 to compare application volumes, applicant demographics, and match results between two in-person cycles (2019 and 2020) and two virtual cycles (2021-2022). Data were analyzed using Pearson χ2 criteria and P=.05 defined significance. Differences between years for expected counts were determined using single sample χ2 tests. 
Results: No statistical significance was noted on number of applications by URiM to our program despite decrease costs associated with virtual interview process. The number of URiM applicants matching to our program did not improve by simply implementing virtual interviews when compared to in-person interview seasons in the past.
Conclusions: Virtual interviews at our institution did not increase URiM applications to our program from substantial equivalent medical schools. Further research in this area from programs in other states may enhance our understanding of the impact of virtual interviews on URiM applications to residency and match results.
Diseño y Validación del Proceso de Teñido en Degradé para Piezas de Fibra de Alpaca
Authors: Larco-Cárdenas Alejandra Samanta , Paz-Paz Ana Lucia , Zúñiga-Núñez María Fernanda , Aguilar-Franco José Alberto
Published: February 2023

Introducción: actualmente las empresas del rubro de teñido textil mantienen un proceso de teñido manual y artesanal de producción limitada y con alta posibilidad de reprocesos. Objetivo: diseñar e implementar un proceso para el teñido en degrade de prendas de fibra de alpaca permitiendo el control de parámetros de operación en la mejora de calidad de teñido, así como la obtención de productos terminados variados y replicables, satisfaciendo las necesidades y requerimientos actuales de los clientes. Materiales y métodos: se diseñó una línea productiva semiautomática a través de un sistema mecánico- robótico y un sistema de control PLC, siendo constituido por 3 unidades: la primera unidad de preparación de la pieza textil, la segunda unidad de teñido en degradé y la tercera unidad de acabado textil. Para obtener un proceso estandarizado se controlaron los parámetros de operación de temperatura, tiempo y volumen de agua, así como la ejecución de movimientos ascendentes y descendentes parametrizados en la inmersión de la pieza estandarizando la técnica de teñido permitiendo obtener resultados más homogéneos en una mayor cantidad de piezas teñidas. Resultados: indican que se puede obtener un proceso de teñido en degradé con mayor capacidad productiva que garantice la calidad del acabado de la pieza. Conclusiones: diseñar y validar un proceso estandarizado permite dejar de depender de la pericia y experiencia del operador en la realización de un proceso manual/artesanal de teñido incrementando variedad, replicabilidad y productividad.
Ultraestructura en la etapa larval vitelina de Brycon moorei (Steindachner 1878) producida en un sistema con recirculación de agua
Authors: David-Ruales Carlos , Meza-Terraza Dayana , Machado-Fracalossi Débora
Published: February 2023

Introducción. Brycon moorei (Dorada) es una especie endémica de la cuenca del río Magdalena con una fuerte presión pesquera comercial, deportiva y de consumo. Sin embargo, es considerada altamente vulnerable por la pérdida de sus hábitats. Objetivo. Observar y determinar algunas estructuras del estado larval usando Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (MEB). Materiales y métodos. En un sistema de recirculación de agua se obtuvieron larvas por reproducción seminatural usando extracto de hipófisis de carpa (EHC). Para la visualización en MEB, 10 larvas a diferentes tiempos de desarrollo fueron fijadas en solución de Karnovsky, siguiendo los protocolos internos del Centro de Microscopía Avanzada (CAM) de la Universidad de Antioquia. Resultados. De la inducción hormonal se obtuvieron ovocitos de 1110.7±97.3 μm de diámetro; el tiempo de latencia fue de 6 horas a una temperatura de 26°C; la longitud total y el peso de la larva recién eclosionada fue de 3,05±0,05 mm y 1,8±0,2 mg respectivamente. Las observaciones en MEB muestran células del pavimento que tapizan el cuerpo en la eclosión; neuromastos, el primordio del sistema branquial, células olfativas ciliadas y la glándula de cemento. El sistema de recirculación permitió mantener las condiciones de calidad de agua dentro del confort de la especie, asegurando sobrevivencias larvales del 95 %. Conclusiones. Las microfotografías de MEB permitieron determinar estructuras como células especializadas asociadas a su comportamiento caníbal (olfato, detección de ondas) y otras relacionadas con su hábitat (glándula de cemento). A su vez el sistema de recirculación permite un adecuado manejo ambiental de las larvas.
Análisis de la gestión de calidad de los procesos en las empresas de reciclaje de la ciudad de Bogotá: Revisión de la literatura
Authors: Cervera-Muñoz Arcadio
Published: February 2023

Este articulo presenta los resultados de una revisión bibliográfica a la producción intelectual nacional asociada a la exploración en la gestión de calidad de los procesos en las empresas de reciclaje en la ciudad de Bogotá y teniendo en cuenta como hay elementos que están directamente relacionados entre sí con la implementación de la calidad. En específico, y a partir de dicha revisión, se establecen las características de los objetos de estudio de las investigaciones y se presenta el cómo están manejando los procesos en este tipo de empresas. Al concluir, se tiene que estas empresas manejan muy informalmente sus procesos de interacción entre los clientes internos y externos haciendo que el aprovechamiento que se hace de los recursos no sea el adecuado y por consiguiente la productividad sea muy baja; al mismo tiempo dejan de ser competitivas e innovadoras resignando las oportunidades de negocio que existen.
Análisis in sílico a nivel proteico de la estructura de presenilina-1 en homínidos
Authors: Soto-Ospina Alejandro , Cataño-Sánchez Elías , Campo-Nieto Omer , Puerta- González Andrés , Villegas-Lanau Andrés
Published: February 2023

Introducción: Las placas amiloides son uno de los marcadores neuropatológicos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, formadas por fragmentos peptídicos que se depositan, derivados del corte proteasa de la enzima γ-secretasa, de la cual presenilina-1 es la subunidad con el sitio activo, es posible investigar a nivel evolutivo que sucede con esta proteína en una muestra de homínidos. Materiales y métodos: se hace un estudio de biología estructural para evaluar cambios en la estructura de las proteínas modeladas con el software Phyre2 y alineamientos de secuencia primaria con Jalview de los homínidos Pongo abelii, Pan troglodytes, Pan paniscus, Gorilla gorilla, Homo sapiens y dos especies usadas en ensayos biológicos como Macaca fascicularis, Macaca mulatta. Resultados: se encontró que las secuencias primarias de la isoforma 467 presentaron porcentajes de identidad muy altos con T-Coffee 2.0 de 99,57 % de promedio, dentro de su secuencia primaria en el alineamiento por pares y a nivel tridimensional, con el algoritmo Needleman-Wunsch, se encontraron ligeros cambios en la estructura a nivel de los lazos, pero muy conservada entre las especies, lo que también se vio reflejado en valores de desviación estándar de los modelos menor a 5 Å. Conclusiones: Finalmente, no se encontraron cambios significativos a nivel estructural en la proteína con la función proteasa, por lo que para la muestra de homínidos, no hubo cambios evolutivos por lo menos para esta proteína y como perspectiva
Corrupción en el Sector Público: Un Análisis Bibliométrico e Identificación de Tendencias
Authors: Alzate-Cárdenas Martha Del Socorro , Posada-Girado Juan José , Herrera-Mahecha Valeria Alejandra
Published: February 2023

Este documento, presenta un Análisis Bibliométrico e Identificación de Tendencias sobre el tema de la corrupción del sector público, con el uso de la base de datos Scopus en un rango de tiempo de años 2000-2021. Desde la perspectiva técnica metodológica se utilizó mapeo científico y análisis de Red. Para el mapa científico se abordan los trabajos más relevantes del área, con citaciones, coocurrencia de palabras, cocitaciones, coautorías y acoplamiento bibliográfico. Para el análisis de Red se usó software R, según teoría de grafos, con una imagen de un árbol en sentido figurado, que distribuye la información en tres grandes grupos de categorías: raíz, para documentos clásicos, tronco para documentos citados y cocitados y hojas, que refieren las tendencias más actuales. Los resultados evidencian la existencia de mecanismos que han probado ser efectivos en la lucha contra la corrupción, aunque esos mecanismos sean expuestos con cierto nivel de restricciones en los diferentes países.
Applications of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Holography in Biomedical Microscopy
Authors: Dar Anayet Ullah , Ahanger Abdul Basit , Rasool Muzafar , Singh Mandeep , Assad Assif , Macha Muzafar Ahmad , Aalam Syed Wajid , Ahanger Abdul Nafi
Published: February 2023

Digital holography (DH) has experienced significant advancements in
recent years, with improvements in both experimental and algorithmic
techniques. This has resulted in an expansion of DH’s applications in
biomedicine, as well as other scientific and engineering fields. The
introduction of machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) has
provided a breakthrough in the recognition and prediction of patterns,
especially with regards to visual imagery data. This characteristic of
ML and DL makes them highly suitable for processing digital holographic
data, and they have thus become widely used in digital holography. This
review aims to assimilate the research where ML and DL have been
employed alongside digital holography in the biomedical field for tasks
such as the identification and classification of organelles, diseases,
and microbes. The combination of DH and ML/DL has shown significant
potential in addressing various challenges in biomedical microscopy,
including the identification and classification of cellular and
subcellular
The Complete Overview of Impact of COVID 19 Pandemic on Ophthalmic Diseases: A Review
Authors: SHAMSI RAFAT JAHAN , SHAMS ABU RAIHAN , AJMAL MOHD , ANIS PARWEZ
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome SARS-Cov-2 coronavirus
is a member of the coronavirus family. Fever, shortness of breath, and
pneumonic infiltrates in both lungs were among the disease’s clinical
signs. Along with severe respiratory infections, Covid-19 may also
encounter thrombosis complications, and other complications like
coronary syndrome, myocardial dysfunction and arrhythmia, acute kidney
injury, coronary syndrome, liver cell injury, gastrointestinal symptoms,
hyperglycaemia, ocular symptoms, neurological diseases, and
dermatological problems. The way in which ophthalmic services were
provided changed significantly during this time. Many people,
particularly those who suffer from dry eye, are spending a lot of time
at home due to continuous spread of coronavirus disease (COVID-19)
pandemic. The difficulty for regular follow-up meetings impacting the
continuance of glaucoma therapy, cataract surgery, and other eye
diseases had been considerably much worse by establishment of strict
social distancing and restrictions in travelling during COVID 19
pandemic. Methods: The PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate and
healthcare system evidences were searched from 2019 to 2022 for systemic
review that were published in English language. Results: Both ocular
disease and the overall health care system have been impacted by the
result of Covid 19 pandemic. Like other professions, ophthalmology
profession has experienced varied degrees of pandemic impact. Ocular
problems could develop as a direct result of the SARS infection. The
most frequent ocular symptom is viral conjunctivitis, dry-eye problems.
During lockdown, the overall symptoms of dry eyes were worse than those
who were under normal circumstances. Keywords: COVID-19, Dry-Eye Disease
, Eye Diseases, SARS-CoV-2
Impact of grazing and conservation opportunities for nesting grassland birds in a community pasture
Authors: Campomizzi Andrew , Lebrun-Southcott Zoé
Published: February 2023

Multiple bird species-at-risk nest on the ground in hayfields and pastures, making nests susceptible to inadvertent destruction from agricultural activity (e.g., trampling by livestock). To better understand the impact of Domestic Cattle (Bos taurus) grazing, we assessed the distribution and breeding status of nesting grassland birds in 2019 and 2020 at the Grey Dufferin Community Pasture, a ~234 ha pasture in southern Ontario, Canada. We estimated there were 86 male Bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) in the community pasture in 2019 and 100 in 2020 before grazing began; observed abundance decreased by 73% in fields after grazing in 2020. Eastern Meadowlark (Sturnella magna) maintained territories after grazing and fledged young in 67% (n = 21) of territories. Savannah Sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis) was common across the community pasture before and after grazing occurred. We detected evidence of nesting more frequently in Bobolink and Savannah Sparrow territories in ungrazed than in grazed fields. Our results support previous research indicating nesting Bobolink often disperse from moderately to heavily grazed fields, whereas Eastern Meadowlark and Savannah Sparrow largely remain and renest. Despite the inadvertent negative impacts of cattle stepping or laying on nests and consuming vegetative cover, the community pasture provides areas for successful nesting, with Eastern Meadowlark faring better than Bobolink. Flexibility in the timing and duration of grazing in rotational grazing systems may enable strategic management in target fields (e.g., maintaining enough vegetation for nesting Bobolink). Information about the distribution and abundance of birds can be used to target particular fields for conservation.