bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on Fall Simulation and Shock Absorption Systems for the Development of a Fracture Prevention System
Authors: Kim Seong Hyun , Kim Dong Wook
Published: December 2011

With modern society entering an aging society, revitalizing elderly people's social activities and thus increasing their fall injuries leading to the fracture of various parts of the body, this study sought to examine shock amount generated when elderly people fall in diverse directions and hit the ground in a bid to develop a system aimed at minimizing shocks and preventing bone fractures. Existing studies dealt with young subjects sustaining fall injuries because a more number of elderly people suffer them, compared with young people, making it hard to obtain fall injuries data of elderly people. Thus, in this study, a system enabling a rapid movement and fall induction was used so as to simulate forced falls, and various joint movements during falls were measured using a 3-D human body movement analysis system. Young subjects participated in actual forced fall experiments, due to their safety, and their body movement data were input onto the human body movement simulation program so as to simulate falls, and resulting shock amounts were measured. Dynamic elements occurring during falls in various parts of the body, such as displacement, speed and acceleration, were input into the various parts of the body of elderly people models which were incorporated into the simulation program, and falls were simulated so as to calculate shock amounts generated when elderly people fall and hit the ground. Also, herein proposed was a system designed to reduce fall shock amounts with the aim of preventing bone fractures, using carbon dioxide gas, solenoid valves, air bag systems. This shock reduction system is believed to be used in the bone fracture prevention system that we are keeping researching on.
The Research of Supplementary Devices for Batting Training of Baseball
Authors: Huang Chen Chih , Chen Yu Fen , Yang Ching Long
Published: December 2011

This research reviewed the relevant patents on supporting devices for batting training of baseball and classified supporting devices which were used in baseball batting training in order to comprehend the latest research progress nowadays. We hope the technical level in batting training of baseball will be promoted by providing this research for employees in the professional baseball industry for reference.
Usability Evaluation of the Online Publishing Software Applied to Web-to-Print: Using Tintint Website in Taiwan as an Example
Authors: Lee Ying Jye , Lin Chia Ju
Published: December 2011

The objective of this study is to evaluate the usability of the popular online publishing software and survey of the consumers’ satisfaction. This study used the performance testing method including the measurement of the learnability and the error rate to achieve the objective. Subjects in the experiment were divided into the experimental group with design background and the control group without design background. Furthermore, retrospective testing will be executed to afford the relevant usability recommendations. With regard to learnability, results showed significant differences for the typical tasks of the "adjust the angle and location of photo", "transform version of the type", and "change page". Besides, results showed significant differences for the typical task of the "adjust the text size, font, writing, and alignment" regarding the error rate. However, the subjective satisfactions were not significant difference existed in the two groups. Additionally, the research development model can provided valuable references for academic circles and related digital content industries about the development and evaluation of the interface.
Could Innovation Capital Impact on Firm Performance? Study by Panel Data Two Stage Regression with Board Composition
Authors: Wang Mu Shun
Published: December 2011

This paper found that the concepts of innovation capital are related to management performance, thereby supporting our hypothesis. Similar results are also obtained with two stage regression, which uses instrumental variables of corporate governance. The results demonstrate that independent directors have influence on innovation capital and management performance. This paper finds the coefficient of value-added innovation capital is negatively related to the grwth rate by return on assets and positively related to total production in two stages least square method. The results also show that Agency cost are reversal with innovation variables such as research and development expenditure are more accurate than personal contribution rate in measuring innovation capital. We therefore suggest a new measurement to estimate market performance using cross-sectional analysis, with the renew method to calculate the capital required to be redesigned.
Developing Innovative Competencies and Diagnosing for Manufacturing SMEs
Authors: Choi Yun Jeong , Lim Dae Hyeon , Roh Hyun Sook , Kim Eun Sun
Published: December 2011

Knowledge on the SME’s present status by diagnosing firm’s innovative competencies is important to establish management strategies. It is difficult to diagnose firm’s competencies as many factors should be considered, such as human resource, technology or marketing should be considered. Many of researches regarding innovative competencies present the status of firm at the time of diagnosis. Our research aims to help SME’s to find out proper government programs to make up their insufficient innovative competencies. To achieve the aim, we propose methodology of self-diagnosing by presenting SMEs questionnaire and diagnosis report containing recommendable government programs. As the first step of the research, we propose the definition of innovative competencies and diagnosis type of SMEs.
FORMOSAT-5 Satellite Power Protection Design
Authors: Huang Che Cheng , Yeh Jia Jing , Huang Zhe Yang , Tseng Chien Kai
Published: December 2011

The main functions of the Power Control and Distribution Unit (PCDU) in FORMOSAT-5 satellite are to condition energy from the solar arrays and distribute power for all subsystems on the satellite. The Power Relay (PR) module, one of the major modules in the PCDU is to manage the switchover of redundant DC-DC converter sections, secondary power distribution and power protections. The PR module controls power protections which are under voltage (UV) protection and Undervoltage-Lockout (UVLO) detection. UVLO detection monitors primary power voltage with majority voting in PR FPGA. UV detector switches nominal DC-DC converter to redundant DC-DC section, when under voltage happens. Power protection circuits all can be realized by Inverting Bistable Multivibrator. This paper describes protection methods for power and the reliable circuit design implementation.
Isolation and Characteristic of Chondroitin Sulfate from Grass Carp Scales
Authors: Xiong Shuang Li , Li An Lin , Shi Min Juan
Published: December 2011

Papain and alcalase were successively used to hydrolyze grass carp scales for preparation of crude polysaccharide. Chondroitin sulfate were further purified by DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sepharose 6 Fast Flow gel column chromatograph, and indentified by IR, NMR, element analysis and chemical analysis. Three polysaccharide fractions including chondroitin sulfate were fistly obtained from grass carp scales. The weight-average molecular weight of chondroitin sulfate was 46168 Da. The contents of various elements (C, H, N, S, O) in chondroitin sulfate were 28.89 %, 3.80 %, 3.36 %, 6.71 % and 47.16 %, respectively. The results of IR, NMR and chemical analysis exhibited that the sulfate group in chondroitin sulfate be O-linked in position 4 of N-acetyl-D-galactosamine.
Calculation on the Free Energy of Mixing of some Silane Systems
Authors: Zhang Ru , Wu Yan Fen , Hu Ping
Published: December 2011

Six binary silane systems were chosen to calculate the activity coefficients (γ) and free energies of mixing (ΔGm). These systems included: methyldichlorosilane + methyltrichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane + methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyldichlorosilane + toluene, methyltrichlorosilane + methylvinyldichlorosilane, methyltrichlorosilane + toluene, methylvinyldichlorosilane + toluene. Based on the Antoine constants, critical parameters of the pure components and Wilson model parameters, γ and ΔGmwere calculated. The influence factors of these thermodynamic properties were also discussed.
Preparation and Spectral Properties of Er3+/Yb3+ Co-Doped Phosphate Glass Active Optical Fiber
Authors: Tan Fang , Yu Feng Xia , Wang Ling Fei
Published: December 2011

High gain, rare-earth ions co-doped multicomponent phosphate glasses with different doped concentration ratio were prepared and investigated by means of absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy in order to investigate the influence of different doped concentration ratio on material optical properties. The main results showed that there was a strongest absorption at 980nm and saturated at 1530nm when Er3+and Yb3+concentration ratio was 4:1, which is the optimum ratio. It is also demonstrated that reaction and energy transfer mechanism between different ions in rare-earth co-doped system, which is significant for their interest in the fields of optical fiber amplifier and laser.
The Study on the Defect States and Persistent Luminescent Mechanism of MgSiO3: Mn2+, Dy3+ Phosphor
Authors: Wang Zhi Long , Chen Hui , Zhao Ya Li , Yang Bin Ya , Zhou Fei
Published: December 2011

In order to clarify the role of Dy3+on persistent luminescence properties of MgSiO3:Mn2+, Dy3+and explain the persistent luminescent mechanism, the positron annihilation technique was used to study the defect states of MgSiO3:Mn2+, Dy3+. It was revealed that the structure of deeper traps were not normally respected Mg2+vacancies and oxygen vacancies but the associated defect V"Mg-2Dy•Mg which emerged by Dy3+doping in MgSiO3:Mn2+. This associated defect V"Mg-2Dy•Mg resulted in the excellent persistent luminescence in MgSiO3:Mn2+, Dy3+phosphor and a possible persistent luminescent mechanism for MgSiO3:Mn2+, Dy3+was given.
The Effects of Citric Acid on the Performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C
Authors: Wang Feng , Wu Feng , Wu Chuan , Bai Yin , Yang Zhi
Published: December 2011

Li3V2(PO4)3/C composite material has been prepared by sol-gel method assisted by citric acid. The structure of the powders is characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD).The effects of citric acid are analyzed and its optimum amount is determined. Electrochemical tests show that the best sample displays a reversible capacity of 119 mAh/g at 1C rate. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements are performed to analyze the difference of obtained samples. The rate performance is also tested for the best sample, which still keeps well when the current density is raised to 5C rate.
Surface Modification of Spinel LiMn2O4 with Y2O3 for Lithium-Ion Battery
Authors: Bai Ying , Wu Feng , Yang Hua Tong , Zhong Yu , Wu Chuan
Published: December 2011

Spinel LiMn2O4was modified with Y2O3coating by a chemical process. The crystal structures of the as-prepared samples were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The charge/discharge characteristics of the modified samples were evaluated at different rates between 3.0 and 4.4V. The discharge capacities of 2.0 wt.% Y2O3-coated LiMn2O4are 116 mAh•g−1, 99.7mAh•g−1, 93.3mAh•g−1and 82.9mAh•g−1at 0.1C, 0.5C, 1C and 2C rates (at 20◦C). The cycle abilities improvement of the spinel LiMn2O4coated with Y2O3are demonstrated at elevated temperature (55◦C) and high rates (2C). From the analysis of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), the improvement of cycle ability may be attributed to the suppression on the formation of the passivating films and the reduction of Mn dissolution, which result from the surface modification with Y2O3.
Influence of Weight Ratio of Citric Acid Cross Linker on the Structure and Conductivity of the Crosslinked Polymer Electrolytes
Authors: Liang Gui Jie , Xu Wei Lin , Xu Jie , Shen Xiao Lin , Yao Mu
Published: December 2011

A novel kind of efficient solid polymer electrolyte (SPE) based on crosslinked polyester matrix has been prepared by employing low molecular weight PEG (oligo-PEG, Mw = 400 g/mol), followed by crosslinking of the PEG with citric acid (CA). The oligo-PEG, with small coil size, can be easily penetrated into mesopores of TiO2 photoelectrode, while the mechanical stability of the SPE can also be maintained by crosslinking. The factor of weight ratio of CA cross linker in the hybrid plays an important role in determining the intersegmental distance and free volume of the polymer matrix, which sequentially affects the electrochemical activity of the conductive ions and then the ionic conductivity of the polymer electrolyte. By using the 32.4 wt.% CA in the matrix, the SPE with the optimal room temperature conductivity (σ) of 5.43×10-5 S/cm was obtained.
Effects of Electromagnetic Stirring Plus Single Pulse on the Microstructures and Properties of High Strength Al-Cu Alloy Welds
Authors: Yang Cheng Gang , Liu Ge Ping , Chen Yu Hua , Xu Wei Ping
Published: December 2011

The effect of single pulse, electromagnetic stirring plus single pulse on the microstructures and properties of high strength Al-Cu alloy welds is investigated. The results show that the grain structure of weld under conventional MIG welding are coarse, oriented columnar grains, the ultimate tensile strength of weld joint is 286.5 MPa, the elongation rate of joint is 2.4%. The thermal gradient at the solid-liquid interface in the welding pool is decreased and the density of heterogeneous nucleation is enhanced by electromagnetical stirring plus single pulse, which resulted in the coarse and oriented columnar grains transforming to fine equiaxed grains; morphology and distribution of α(Al)-CuAl2 eutectic along the grain boundaries are improved, so it significantly improves the mechanical property of weld joint, the ultimate tensile strength of weld joint is up to 326.0 MPa, the elongation rate of joint reaches 7.8%.
Kinetic Investigation of Thermal Decomposition Reactions of Podophyllic Acid and Picropodophyllic Acid
Authors: Wen Pu Hong
Published: December 2011

The thermal behavior and thermal decomposition kinetic parameters of podophyllic acid and picropodophyllic acid in a temperature-programmed mode have been investigated by means of DSC and TG-DTG. The kinetic model functions in differential and integral forms of the thermal decomposition reactions mentioned above for leading stage were established. The kinetic parameters of the apparent activation energy Ea and per-exponential factor A were obtained from analysis of the TG-DTG curves by integral and differential methods. The most probable kinetic model function of the decomposition reaction in differential form was 2/3•α-1/2 for podophyllic acid and 1/2• (1-α)-1 for picropodophyllic acid. The values of Ea indicated that the reactivity of picropodophyllic acid was highter than that of podophyllic acid in the thermal decomposition reaction. The values of the entropy of activation ΔS≠, enthalpy of activation ΔH≠ and free energy of activation ΔG≠ of the reactions were estimated.
Synthesis and Characterization of Hexagonal Prismatic Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2 Prepared by Homogeneous Precipitation Method
Authors: Zhang Zhan Hui , Huang Zhi Liang , Li Jian Qiu , Chi Ru An , Hu Yue Hua , Tian Qiao
Published: December 2011

Hexagonal prismatic hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HAP) was successfully prepared by a homogeneous precipitation method. The products were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectrum, and scanning electron microscope. The growth process of the hexagonal prism was surveyed in detail based on the effects of the reaction time on the phase composition and the crystal morphology.
Degradation Characteristics of Rice Straw/Poly(Lactic Acid) Composites
Authors: Sakai Eiichi , Qiu Jian Hui , Murata Takuya , Kazushi Ito , Kobayashi Junichi , Takahashi Takehiko
Published: December 2011

To consider the effective utilization of agricultural wastes, rice straw/Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) composites were prepared by the mechanically compounding and injection molding. The water contents were increased with increasing the rice straw content. After natural weathering or burial in soil, more microcracks were observed on the surface of the PLA composites rather than the pure PLA. Moreover the tensile strength and the fracture strain of PLA composites were obviously decreased with increasing the weathering and burial testing term.
Photocatalytic Activity of Sm-Doped BiVO4 Powders Prepared by Chemical Precipitation Process
Authors: Jiang Cheng Zhi , Lu Xu Dong , Tan Yan Qiu , Bai Sen
Published: December 2011

Pure BiVO4, Sm doped BiVO4have been prepared by chemical precipitation method and characterized by the techniques such as XRD and SEM. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue (MB) in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate pure BiVO4, Sm doped BiVO4photocatalytic activity. The results show that doping of Sm decreases the diameter of BiVO4 nano-particles and significantly enhance the photocatalytic activity of BiVO4. When the 0.2% Sm doped, the BiVO4degradation rate reaches 92.8%.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Glutathione-Capped ZnCdSe Alloyed Quantum Dots
Authors: Zhao Yu Jun
Published: December 2011

The hydrothermal technique is introduced into the synthesis of glutathione-stabilized ZnCdSe QDs. By incorporating cadmium ions into the pre-prepared ZnSe QDs, with continuously heating, the preparation of alloyed ZnCdSe QDs was realized. The bandgap emission dominated the emission spectra in 15 minutes.
Study on Corrosion Mechanism of Gas Quenching Steel Slag to MgO Crucible
Authors: Tang Guo Zhang , Tian Tie Lei , Li Gao Liang , Long Yue
Published: December 2011

This thesis analyzes the existence form of MgO in the gas quenching steel slag. By calculating the degree of saturation of the MgO in the gas quenching steel slag and adopting the method of electronic probe, it investigates the corrosion of the viscosity of the gas quenching steel slag to MgO crucible when measuring viscosity under a high temperature and explains why the gas quenching steel slag exerts no corrosion to the MgO crucible with the help of the metallurgy thermodynamics principle.
Torque Rheological Properties of Bamboo Flour/PP Composites
Authors: Yang Wen Bin , Zhang Ming Xin , Chen En Hui
Published: December 2011

The rheological behavior of plant flour reinforced thermoplastics composites is very important to practical industry, however few research especially research about bamboo flour reinforced polypropylene(PP) composites is available regarding rheological field. In this paper, the torque rheometer made in Shanghai was used to examine the flow behavior of bamboo flour filled PP composites. The orthogonal test was adopted to analyze how three factors(weight percentage of bamboo, weight percentage of MAPP and rotate speed) influence the behavior of composites. The result indicated that bamboo flour filled PP composites was pseudo-plastics or shear-thinning flow under the experimental condition investigated. The effect of weight percentage of bamboo on rheological peoperties was signigficant,but the effect of both of the rest of two factors on rheological was not significant under the given experimental condition.
Study on BaSiO3 Solid-Solid Reaction through Irreversible Thermodynamics
Authors: Wang Jin Xia , Xie Hong Wei , Zhai Yu Chun
Published: December 2011

Based on the irreversible thermodynamics theory, the kinetic of BaSiO3solid-solid reaction has been constituted and then the equations were applied to BaSiO3solid synthesis reaction. The calculation results showed that the reaction was under control of reaction at 1207K.
Design and Optimization FCCU Absorption-Stabilization System through Process Simulation
Authors: Liu Li Li , Sun Jin Sheng , Mei Lan , Wang Yan Hong
Published: December 2011

In this preparation, FCCU main fractionator and corresponding absorption-stabilization system are systemically simulated on the basis of industrial data. Through analysis, a heat exchanging column is added to improve the flowsheet before rich gas cooler to make good use of heat of the compressed rich gas. To decrease LPG lost along with dry gas, a dry gas compression-expansion refrigeration circle is proposed to offer refrigeration capacity in place of the cooling water for the absorber pumparounds. Compared with the regular scheme, energy consumption and C3+ components in dry gas is reduced respectively by 17.18% and 7.16% and LPG yield is increased by 0.41% simultaneously.
Hydrodynamics and Mass Transfer Behavior of a Novel Structured Packing with Diversion Windows
Authors: Li Xue , Liu Chun Jiang , Yuan Xi Gang
Published: December 2011

A novel structured packing with diversion windows is developed with the objective of achieving comparable pressure drop, high capacity and preferable mass transfer efficiency. The hydrodynamics and mass transfer performance of the packing have been investigated using a 384 mm diameter column. Carbon dioxide desorption process for mass transfer experiments at room temperatures and atmospheric pressures were conducted. Compared with the traditional Mellapak 350X, both the liquid holdup and mass transfer efficiency of the novel structured packing (350X with diversion windows) are increased by 15% or so; additionally, the pressure drop presented a slight growth trend, about 20% higher. It is concluded that the novel structured packing with adding diversion windows can change the flow pattern of the liquid film on the packing sheet and increase the effective mass transfer area, as well as the gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency.
CFD Simulations and PIV Measurements for Optimization of Flow Pattern in a Sieve Plate Extraction Column
Authors: Duan Chang Chun , Liu Chun Jiang , Yuan Xi Gang
Published: December 2011

Present work deals with the optimization for flow pattern of continuous phase in a sieve plate extraction column using both computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations and particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Firstly single-phase simulation was conducted for the traditional column and it was found that there was a very large reverse flow area between every two plates. Then step by step, by changing the downcomer structure, consisting of inclining downcomers, adding baffles, slotting downcomers and baffles and adjusting the number and size of slots, the reverse flow area was decreased and thereby the flow pattern of continuous phase was optimized. Finally, an optimal flow pattern was obtained with reverse flow area greatly reduced. In order to prove the validity of the simulation results, PIV experiments of two columns were carried out and it was found that the results of simulations and experiments are in good agreement.
Synthesis and Performances Analysis of Imidazoline Quaternary Ammonium Salts Containing Thioureido Group
Authors: Zhang Guang Hua , Liu Guo Jun , Wang Teng Fei
Published: December 2011

Three different kinds of imidazoline quaternary ammonium salts were synthesized with the use of valeric acid, decanoic acid, oleic acid, diethylenetriamine, benzyl chloride and thiourea as raw materials. The corrosion inhibition performances on carbon steel in HCl solution were measured via static weight loss method and polarization curve method. Partition coefficients in water and oil were measured, from which thermodynamic parameters of G0→w、ΔS0→w and ΔH0→w were obtained. Temperature effect on the mass transfer between water and oil were examined.Corrosion inhibitor protection is an effective solution to oil field corrosion problems in the acidification process [1]. Most organic inhibitor molecules contain lone pair electrons and rich π-electron such as O, N, S, P atoms or polar groups [2]. Imidazoline compounds contain N nuclei and unsaturated double bond of the larger electronegativity and it has a strong adsorption in the steel surface. Because it has good thermal stability, low toxicity and no irritating odor [3,4], it is considered to be excellent corrosion inhibitors in acidic solution.
Study on Fire Residues in Pure Cotton Fabric Combustion
Authors: Li Ying Yu , Chu Yan Yan , Shen Hao , Liang Dong
Published: December 2011

Residual accelerant from fire debris is the major evidence in the fire investigation. Because all evidences are almost damaged by fire, many isolation methods of analytical chemistry has been already used in extracting trace residue. In this paper, ultrasonic extraction is applied to isolate the residual accelerant and hexane as the solvent. The solution obtained from the residue is tested by GC-MS to analyze their total ion chromatogram (TIC). The chromatographic patterns observed for ignitable liquids are different from the patterns observed for without ignitable liquids. The composition of two samples and content of the fire residues have been analyzed. It’s very important for forensic chemist to distinguish the arson or natural fire.
Study on the Resistance Spot Microwelding Parameters of Copper and Nickel-Plated Steel Dissimilar Metals
Authors: Ni Quan , Chen Yu Hua , Gong Wei Huai , Ke Li Ming
Published: December 2011

0.2-mm-thick copper and 0.3-mm-thick nickel-plated steel dissimilar metals were jointed by resistance spot microwelding. The processing parameters were optimized by orthogonal experimental and influence of processing parameter on the morphology and microstructure of welded joint was studied. The results show that the optimized processing parameters that can get the maximum tensile-shear force are: preheat current is 0.8KA, welding current is 3.5 KA, up time is 0.5ms, preheat current is 2ms, cool time is 0.5ms, welding time is 5ms, and electrode pressure is 20N. With the optimized processing parameters, the tensile-shear force of the welded joint can achieve 108.9N. The microstructures of welded joint that has best tensile-shear force are composed of swirling structure in weld nugget, uniform distribution of copper in weld nugget with a little of nickel.
Europium Doped Titania Nanocomposites with Enhanced Photocatalytic Activity towards the Degradation of Partially Hydrolysis Polyacrylamide
Authors: Li Jin Huan , Fang Hong Bo , Wang Wei , Liu Gui Fan , Zhang Shao Dong
Published: December 2011

Nanocrystals with different Eu3+ doping levels (%) were prepared by sol-gel and hydrothermal synthetic method using titanium tetraisopropoxide (TTIP) as titanium source. The products exhibited anatase phase structure, mesoporosity, and interesting surface compositions with three oxygen species and two titanium species. The crystallite sizes, crystal form, surface shape, composition and optical property of catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction patterns, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, XPS and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The products were used as the photocatalysts to degrade a partially hydrolysis polyacrylamide (HPAM) under UV-light irradiation, a very useful polymer in oil recovery. For comparison, Degussa P25 and as-prepared pure TiO2 were also tested under the same conditions. The enhanced photocatalytic activity was obtained on as-prepared Eu3+ composites, and the reasons were explained.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of a Novel Nano-Sized Sn-Ni Alloy Composites for Lithium Batteries
Authors: Wang Lu E , Ren Xu Mei , Wu Feng
Published: December 2011

Two nano-sized Sn-Ni alloy composites are synthesized as anode materials for Li-ion battery through chemical precipitation and hydrothermal method, respectively. The morphology characteristics and electrochemical performance of the materials are investigated. Results show that the Sn-Ni alloy composite prepared by hydrothermal method has a better crystal structure, higher specific capacity and more stable cycling. This material exhibits an initial discharge capacity of 799.1 mAh/g and the column efficiency of 90-94%. This Sn-Ni material shows to be a good candidate anode material for the lithium battery.
Effect of MCM-41 and SBA-15 Mesoporous Molecular Sieves on Properties of PMMA-Based Composite
Authors: Wang Na , Wang Jiao , Zhang Jing , Ma Chi , Chen Er Fan
Published: December 2011

Effects of different pore size nano-mesoporous molecular sieves fillers, i. e. MCM-41, SBA-15, together with organic-montmorillonite (OMMT), mixture of OMMT/MCM-41 or OMMT/SBA-15 (m (OMMT): m (MCM-41)/m (SBA-15) =1:1) and their amounts on mechanical properties of the polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) composites were investigated. When the amount of OMMT/SBA-15 mixture was 0.5 %, tensile strength of the nano-composite reached maximum values of 46.3 MPa. When OMMT/SBA-15 mixture addition amount w (filler) was 1.2 %, impact strength of the nano-composite reached maximum values of 14 KJ/m2. In comparison with PMMA without any filler, the tensile strength and impact strength of nano-composite were increased by 8.4 % and 48 %, respectively.
Tribological Properties of Al-21Si-0.8Mg-1.5Cu-0.5Mn Alloys against Steel under Lubrication Conditions
Authors: Wang Ai Qin , Xie Jing Pei , Wang Wen Yan , Li Luo Li
Published: December 2011

In the present work, the Al-21Si-0.8Mg-1.5Cu-0.5Mn alloys composite modified by P+RE was prepared by metal mold casting. The tribological properties against steel under lubrication conditions were experimentaled. The wear morphology characteristics and subsurface microstructure was characterized by means of optical microscope and scanning electron microscope. The effects of Si particle morphology, size, quantity and distribution on tribological properties were investigated. The wear mechanism based on lubricant abrasion was discussed. The results show that the wear mechanism of experimental alloy are mainly abrasire wear and fatigue spalling.
Comparison of Removal of 2,4-DNT by Reduction Using Various Iron-Based Materials
Authors: Zhang Jin Hua , Zheng Hai Qing , Jiang Fang , Cheng Kai Rong , Jiang Xin , Li Xiang Long , Lin Yi
Published: December 2011

The reductive degradation of 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT) by three kinds of iron-based materials, namely, copper-doped iron, scrap iron and iron powder, was investigated in detail. The effects of iron materials, pH and iron dosage on the removal efficiency were studied. The results indicated that copper-doped iron had the highest removal rate of 2,4-DNT. The removal rate of 2,4-DNT increased with increasing temperature. After addition of sodium sulfate, the removal rate of 2,4-DNT was enhanced. According to GC/MS analyses, 2,4-diaminotoluene was the final product of 2,4-DNT and possible reductive pathway of 2,4-DNT was proposed.
Effect of La-Rich Misch Metal on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of As-Extruded Mg-14Li-3Al Alloy
Authors: Liu Bin , Zhang Jing Huai , Niu Zhong Yi , Li Jun Qing
Published: December 2011

The as-cast Mg-14Li-3Al-(0-0.9)RE alloys were prepared with vacuum melting method, then processed by hot extrusion. The microstructure and tensile properties were investigated. The results show that both addition of RE and extrusion deformation can refine the grain size. Al3La compounds are formed with addition of La-rich misch metal. The as-extruded Mg-14Li-3Al-0.6RE alloy obtains the finest grain size (4.28 μm) and the highest mechanical properties (σb=222.75 MPa, δ=23.8%), which is related to the grain refinement and the formation of Al3La.
Development Strategy of Insulation Macromolecular Composite Materials
Authors: Yu Yong Peng
Published: December 2011

The status and progress of high pressure resistant insulation material at home and abroad were reviewed from aspects like high thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, environ-mental protection and modification of nano-particles. High thermal conductivity insulation materials can improve the efficiency of cooling system and decrease the energy loss of electric machines. Some famous foreign companies keep ahead in this field. Current domestic high temperature resistant solvent less insulating varnish can only be used in small and medium sized generators instead of high voltage generators. Therefore this kind of material should be improved in either resin rich or resin less insulation systems.
Technology of Heat-Resistant & High Voltage-Resistant Insulation Materials Based on Polymer Composite
Authors: Huang Fang
Published: December 2011

High voltage insulation of the heat-resistant polymer composite material mainly composed of synthetic resin matrix, reinforcing materials, inorganic fillers, pigments and other components. In addition, according to the technical and performance requirements will be added in the resin matrix curing agent, thickener, mold release agents, solvents and so on. By different proportions of the resin matrix and filler and other additives, under conditions in certain insulating polymer composites were prepared to explore the relationship between components, the best formula and the ideal insulation material.
Kinetics Study of Copper (II) Adsorption from Solution by Wheat Husk
Authors: Ma Dan , Zhao Xiu Rong , Wang Zhi Qiang , Liu Ya Li , Han Run Ping
Published: December 2011

The effect of initial copper concentration, particle diameter of wheat husk and the determination of the kinetic parameters of copper ion adsorption onto wheat husk were performed to understand the adsorption mechanism. The pseudo-second order kinetic model was fitted to the experimental data and found it was good to predict the adsorption behavior using nonlinear regressive method, suggesting that the mechanism may be a chemisorption process. The diffusion coefficient was also estimated and the pore diffusion was not significant.
Surface Modification of Aluminum by Plasma and the Surface Initiated Polymerization
Authors: Zhang Wen Bo , Wang Sheng Gao , Fang Xiao Chun , Kong Zeng Jie
Published: December 2011

In this paper, aluminum sheet was activated by sodium hydroxide, and treated by the radio frequency Ar plasma. The sodium acrylate monomer aqueous was polymerized on the surface of treated aluminum sheet through surface initiated polymerization. The surface properties and microstructure of AS-PSA were analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transfer infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The feasibility of the surface modification and surface initiated polymerization by plasma was proved
Study on the Application of High Calcium Magnesium Slags to Light Heat-Insulation Refractory Materials
Authors: Chai Yue Sheng , Qiu Yan , Bai Pin Bo , Liu Zheng Guan , Feng Fu Rong , Gong Chang Wei , Tian Yu Ming
Published: December 2011

The thermal shock and hydration resistance property of the light heat-insulation refractory materials is studied, which were prepared using high calcium magnesia slag as main raw materials. The phases and microscopy were characterized by means of X-Ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The results show that the main crystalline phase is CAS2, and it is with low volume density, excellent thermal shock and hydration resistance property.
Effects of Electroless Parameters on Fe Content in Ni-P-Fe2O3 Composite Coatings on Stainless Steel
Authors: Geng Shu Jiang , Li Lin Na
Published: December 2011

Ferritic stainless steels have been widely used as solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) metallic interconnects. However, the evaporation of Cr2O3 might migrate to and poison the cathode, leading to degradation of the cell performance. In this work, Ni-P-Fe2O3 composite coating was deposited on the ferritic stainless steel by means of a cost-effective technique of electroless method. They are expected to be converted into (Ni,Fe)3O4 spinel with a high electrical conductivity and CTE match with stainless steel, which can hinder the evaporation of Cr2O3 formed on steel substrate exposed to the cathode environment of the SOFC. The effects of Fe2O3 contents, pH and temperature of solution on the deposition rate and Fe contents of the Ni-P- Fe2O3 composite coatings were investigated. The results indicated that the effects of Fe2O3 contents and pH of solution on deposition rate was not obvious and the deposition rate increased with increasing temperature. They had obvious influences on the Fe contents in the coating. The suitable deposition conditions are as below: the Fe2O3 content , pH and temperature was 16 g/L, 8.5 and 65 , respectively. The coatings consisted of Ni, Fe , P and O.
Prediction of the Average Diameter of Laser Ablated Silver Nanoparticles Colloid Based on Artificial Neural Networks
Authors: Xu Bing , Song Ren Guo
Published: December 2011

In order to shorten the fussy experimental process in preparing colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles by pulsed laser ablation in distilled water, a LmNet PF neural network model is developed to approach the complex nonlinear relationship between technology parameters and the average diameter for preparing colloidal solutions of silver nanoparticles. By using the constructed neural network model, the relationship between the technology parameters ( laser fluence, laser repetition, ablation time) and the average diameter is discussed, and the weakness that the nonlinear relationship could not be approached more accurately, effectively by using single-factor-experiment method is overcome. Predicted and test results showed that all the relative errors between the desired values and predicted outputs of the network are less than 10 %, but the predicted data of the neural network model are well acceptable when comparing them to the real test values, hence providing an effective, economical way for preparing colloidal solutions of silver nanopartilces.
Preparation and Characterazation of Fluorescent Silica Microspheres
Authors: Sun Li Guo , Zhao Dong Mei , Xie Chen , Zhang Yan Hong , Wang Cheng
Published: December 2011

Water-soluble CdTe quantum dots(QDs) with mercaptoacetic molecules as ligands, were obtained by the reduction of CdCl2 through NaHTe under alkaline conditions. The sub-micron fluorescent spheres were synthesized by silica coated CdTe cadmium QDs, through the ammount control of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), ammonia, QDs suspension, ethanol and the ratio of them. The fluorescent property of as-prepared QDs was researched using fluorescent spectrometer, and some influencing factors in the process of preparation were discussed. Morphology and coated effect of silica composite spheres were observed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the fluorescence intensity was analyzed using fluorescence microscope.
Exploring the Reaction Heat Controlling and Engineering Scale Law in the Process to Synthesis PPTA Using Low-Temperature Solution Polycondensation
Authors: Zhang Tao , Luo Guo Hua , Wei Fei , Qian Wei Zhong , Tuo Xin Lin
Published: December 2011

We proposed a method to enhance the heat removal in the synthesis process of PPTA (p-phenylene terephthalamide) by adding liquid nitrogen. Compared to the indirect heat removal method by ice-water bath, the heat removal method with liquid nitrogen can absorb reaction heat in much larger amount, and consequently allows the operation at an obvious lower temperature. The high inherent viscosity (ηinh) of the PPTA suggests that the quality of the product is very high, indicating the good temperature control by using liquid nitrogen. The results indicate that the introducing of liquid nitrogen effectively transfers the reaction heat to avoid overheating during the polymerization of PPTA, with simple operation process and low cost.
Fabrication of Porous Reaction-Bonded Si3N4-SiC Composites
Authors: Yuan Lei , Yu Jing Kun , Zhang Shao Wei
Published: December 2011

Porous reaction-bonded Si3N4-SiC composites were fabricated by using potassium chloride(KCl) as pore-forming agent. Green bodies with 20% SiC and 30% KCl in mass were subjected to presinter in Ar atmosphere at 1000~1200 and then reaction-sintered. The results indicated that Si3N4-SiC composites which with about 58.5% porosity could be prepared, and the main phase compositions were α-Si3N4 and SiC. After presintered, the porosity of composites had small decrease, but bending strength increased obviously and little amounts of Si2N2O had been found. The distribution of pores of porous ceramics was homogeneous and SiC grains were surrounded by Si3N4 grains and fibres. Lots of needle-like α-Si3N4, especially in the high porosity ceramics, could be observed.
Research on the Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters of Rotary Tiller Blade on Anti-Wear Properties
Authors: Du Yong Ying , Jin Dan
Published: December 2011

65Mn spring steel is mainly used for rotary blade which is a vulnerable part of farming machinery. The experiment of the wear-resistance property for 65Mn spring steel under different heat treatments is conducted. The results are discussed based on the regression orthogonal design. The wear-resistance property of 65Mn steel has been discussed by applying diverse heat treatment technology and the optimum parameters of heat treatment for the best anti-wear property are obtained through experiments. The influence of the parameters on anti-wear property is studied by applying the regression orthogonal design. The relation between the wear mass loss and diverse heat treatment parameters has been given by using planar and contour figure. The optimum heat treatment parameter for maximum anti-wear ability is obtained as following: 852.64 for quenching temperature, 18.36min for quenching time, and 145.44 for tempering temperature, respectively.
Understanding the Effect of the Preparation Process on the Electrochemical Properties of 0.25Li2MnO3∙0.75LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2 by Rietveld Refinement Method
Authors: Lian Fang , Li Dong , Axmann Peter , Wohlfahrt-Mehrens Margret
Published: December 2011

0.25Li2MnO3•0.75LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2solid solution was prepared via a two-step calcination technique. No appreciable difference between the end products can be detected from the X-ray diffraction patterns including the superstructure reflections. However, the material prepared from preheating the precursor at 450°C for 4h in N2 delivers a high first charge capacity of 287mAhg-1between 2.5and 4.8V at 0.5C, while the samples obtained from preheating the precursor for 10h in air exhibit a low capacity of 199 mAhg-1and an undetectable plateau around 4.5V in the initial charge curve. With an aim to identify the influence of preparation process on the structural and electrochemical properties, Rietveld refinement method was performed on the detailed structure testing with the model integrating R m layered rock salts and Fd m cubic ones. The end products prepared from precalcining the precursor in N2 shows low proportion of Fd m domain about 8.0% and larger Li-O slab space in dominating R m rock salts. By contrast, the samples obtained from prolonging the process-prheating time to 10h in air consists of 12.7% Fd m cubic rock salts and 87.3% R m layered ones. The observations indicate that the samples obtained from different precursor-preheating process appear a variation in the local environment of Li+ insertion/extraction, which give an evidence on their electrochemical lithiation/delithiation process shown in the CV curves.
Study on Resistance Spot Welding Technology and Properties of TRIP800 High Strength Steel Sheet
Authors: Yu Yan , Wang Feng Xue , Yang Zai Dao
Published: December 2011

A series of spot welding technology, joint mechanical properties and microhardness test analysis of TRIP800 high strength steel were researched. Based on these experiments and analysis, effect of spot welding parameters such as welding current, welding time and electrode pressure on joint mechanical properties were explored. The relevant spot welding parameters of TRIP800 high strength steel of spot welding were recommended, such as welding current is7.5~8.0KA, electrode pressure is 450 kgf and welding time is 20cyc. Welding electrode should be to ensure that as much as possible and clean the surface,to avoid welding current and welding time is too high or too long, as well as forging lack of power, to prevent the occurrence of welding defects.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Spray Deposited W9Mo3Cr4V High Speed Steel
Authors: Zhou Rui , Sun Jian Fei , Yang Ying Jun
Published: December 2011

Microstructure and mechanical properties of W9Mo3Cr4V high speed steel fabricated by spray deposition have been studied. Spray deposited W9Mo3Cr4V high speed steel has a typical equiaxed structure which is finer and more homogeneous with a grain size of 20-30 micrometer compared with conventional casted counterparts. There are pores in the matrix of the deposited steel, which involve gas porosity, filling porosity and solidification shrinkage. As-deposited high speed steel is mainly composed of martensite, austenite and carbides which comprise MC carbide and M6C carbide. Mechanical properties show that the hardness and bending strength of the as-deposited steel are higher than that of the conventionally casted ones. However, impact toughness of the high speed steel is lower than that of the conventionally casted steel, which can be attributed to the existence of porosities and M6C carbides which reduce the impact toughness of high speed steels.
Synthesis, Characterization and Photocatalytic Activity of Copper (II)-Doped Titanium Dioxide Powders
Authors: Lin Wen Churng , Yang Wein Duo
Published: December 2011

Different concentration of copper (II) doped TiO2 photocatalyst powders were synthesized through the sol-gel method and characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET)-specific surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Ultraviolet–Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Cu2+-doping in the TiO2 promotes the particle growth, decreases the specific surface areas of powders, extends the absorption to visible light regions, and exhibits the vis-photocatalytic activity for methylene blue (MB) degradation. Appropriate content of Cu2+-doping is an effective means to improve the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 for MB degradation under visible light irradiation.
Preparation of Thick-Film Organosilicone Coating
Authors: Fan Xin , Li Guo Jun , Ren Rui Ming
Published: December 2011

Organosilicone paints were prepared by mixing as-synthesized silicone resin, pigments, fillers and other additives. Through scraping and baking, the thick film coating on the treated aluminum alloy was obtained. The optimum range of P/B (weight ratio of the pigment/binder) was determined to be 0.75:1 by investigating the influence of the P/B on the liquidity and thickness of the coating, indicating that the thickness of the coating reached 500μm. When mica powder, talc powder, nanometer titanium dioxide, sub-micron titanium dioxide, sphere silicon fine powder and lipophilic silica content were 15 wt%, 15wt%, 15wt%, 10wt%, 20wt% and 3 wt % of solid mass of silicone resin, respectively, the coating had good gloss and no holes were occurred on the surface. And there were no bubbles or shrinkage cavities in the obtained coating when the leveling agent S43, defoamer 900 and dispersant 670 content were 0.7 wt%, 0.1wt% and 0.3wt% of the total mass of paint, respectively.
Effect of the Al Incorporation on the Dispersibility and Crystallization of AZO Nanoparticles Prepared by Sol-Gel Combustion Technique
Authors: Xu Chao , Liu Shi Min , Ding Wan Yu , Liu Chao Qian , Chai Wei Ping
Published: December 2011

Finely dispersed Al-doped ZnO (AZO) nanoparticles with well crystallization were prepared by a modified sol-gel combustion synthesis. The AZO nanoparticles with different Al doping concentration were calcined at 600 °C. In order to investigate the physical properties and microstructural characteristics, the nanoparticles were characterized by bulk density measurement, scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The XRD patterns of AZO nanoparticles corresponded well to the hexagonal structure of ZnO, indicating that the partial Zn atoms were substituted by Al atoms. With the increase of Al doping concentration, the size of AZO nanoparticles decreased from 30.43 nm to 25.97 nm. Simultaneously, with changing the atom ratio of Al/Zn, the bulk density varied obviously.