bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH MUNCULNYA ALFAMART TERHADAP PENDAPATAN TOKO-TOKO KECIL DI DESA PEMATANG PANJANG GAMBUT
Authors: Fitry Sery , Rosita Lisa
Published: December 2022

Abstract: The purpose of this study is (1) To analyze the change in profits of small store stores after the appearance of Alfamart around a small grocery store, (2) To analyze changes in turnover of small store stores after the appearance of Alfamart around a small grocery store, (3) To analyze the shift in the number of buyers coming to the small store after the appearance of Alfamart around a small grocery store. To find out the impact that occurred on the small shop business, researchers used a qualitative approach with descriptive research methods. The subject of this research is the owner of a small shop business around Alfamart, while the variables are profit, turnover and number of buyers.  Data collection techniques by observation, interview and documentation. The results of this study are small shops around Alfamart have decreased revenue but not all are negative, those who experience the most impact are retail traders while wholesalers do not experience too much impact. And the reduction in the number of buyers results in lower sales turnover and reduced sales profits. Keywords : Profit, Turnover, Number of Buyers Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Untuk menganalisis perubahan keuntungan keuntungan toko-toko kecil setelah munculnya Alfamart disekitar toko-toko kecil, (2) Untuk menganalisis perubahan omset toko-toko kecil setelah munculnya Alfamart di sekitar toko-toko kecil, (3) Untuk menganalisis perubahan jumlah pembeli yang datang ke toko-toko kecil setelah munculnya Alfamart di sekitar toko-toko kecil.Untuk mengetahui dampak yang terjadi pada usaha toko-toko kecil, peneliti menggunakan pendekatan kualitatiff dengan metode penelitian deskriptif. Subjek dari penelitian ini adalah pemilik usaha toko-toko kecil disekitar Alfamart, sedangkan variabelnya adalah keuntungan, omset dan jumlah pembeli. Teknik pengumpulan data dengan observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah toko-toko kecil disekitar Alfamart mengalami penurunan pendapatan tapi tidak semua beranggapan negatif, yang banyak mengalami dampaknya adalah pedagang eceran sedangkan pedagang grosir tidak terlalu banyak mengalami dampaknya. Dan berkurangnya jumlah pembeli mengakibatkan menurunnya omset penjualan dan berkurangnya keuntungan penjualan, dengan demikian munculnya Alfamart memberikan pengaruh yang cukup besar terhadap pendapatan toko-toko kecil di sekitar Alfamart Pematang Gambut. Kata Kunci : Keuntungan, Omset, Jumlah Pembeli
A CLINICAL STUDY OF VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTER
Authors: Chakravarty B. S. , Madhavi N. , Kumar Anjan , Rajyam Rama , Khushbu Sk. , Reddy K. Rashmika , Vineela A.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically
ventilated patients that develops 48hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation. Despite recent
advances VAP complicates 8-28% of the patients receiving mechanical ventilation.1-5 Objectives: To determine the incidence,
risk factors, clinical prole and outcome of VAP in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: 100 children between 1 month to 12 years of
age who received mechanical ventilation for >48hours in PICU King George Hospital were enrolled in the study. The
demographic details of the patients, underlying illness, duration of ventilation, medications administered and investigations
performed and outcome of these children was noted. Results: Majority of children with VAP had a Clinical Pulmonary Infection
score (CPIS) of>8.Incidence of VAP was 26%. Statistically signicant difference was found with VAP in association with factors
like purulent aspirate, un-cuffed ET tube, multiple intubations, and duration of mechanical ventilation>5days with gram
negative bacilli(Acinetobacter and klebsiella) being the important causative agents. Conclusion: Awareness about the risk
factors & their prevention will help in reducing VAP related morbidity and mortality. Early institution of empirical sensitive
antibiotics improves outcomes in children with VAP and also helps to prevent the risk of multidrug resistance
THE STUDY OF ANTHROPOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS ON INCIDENCE OF HYPOTENSION IN PARTURIENT'S UNDERGOING CESAREAN SECTION UNDER SPINALANAESTHESIA
Authors: Yeshwant Kanni Priyanka , Sumalatha G B , Gayatri Sasikumar , Prema R Bangonda
Published: December 2022

Background Hypotension following spinal anaesthesia is one of the most common complication leading to poor maternal and fetal outcomes. This
study is designed to assess the association between anthropometric parameters and incidence of hypotension in parturient's undergoing cesarean
section under spinal anaesthesia. Aim and objectives The aim of this study is to evaluate if maternal anthropometric parameters like abdominal
circumference, vertebral column length and symphysiofundal height has any effect on incidence of hypotension during cesarean section under
spinal anaesthesia. Methods 100 term pregnant women aged between 18-45 years, ASA-PS grade 1-2 undergoing cesarean section under spinal
anaesthesia were included in the study.The preoperative anthropometric parameters - Abdominal circumference(AC), symphysiofundal
height(SFH) and vertebral column length (VC)were recorded. Spinal Anaesthesia was induced with 2ml of 0.5% Heavy Bupivacaine at the level of
L2-L3. The haemodynamic parameters were recorded every 2 minutes up to 10 minutes and thereafter every 5 minutes up to 20 minutes after spinal
anesthesia. Correlation analysis (Spearman's rank test) was performed to nd the correlations of AC , VC length and SFH with the incidence of
hypotension. Statistical analysis was done using Chi square test, t test and one way ANOVA . P < 0.05 was considered statistically signicant .
ResultsThe incidence of hypotension was directly proportional with increasing SFH and AC. The incidence of hypotension was 83% with SFH of
36–40 cm, 57% with AC 95–99cm, 78% with VC length of 50-55 cms and 22% with VC length of 56-60 cms which was statistically signicant ( P
< 0.001). Conclusions The anthropometric measurements like AC, VC length and SFH can be a reliable predictor of hypotension and level of
sensory blockade and can help in optimising the dose of spinal anesthetic drug .
HYPOTHYROID GRAVES DISEASE – REPORT OF CASE WITH REVIEW OF LITERATURE
Authors: Kailas Nikhita , N Venkateswarlu , Rao T Nishant , Babu M.G. Umesh
Published: December 2022

Background: TAO is seen in about 80% of patients with Graves' disease; it may also occur in patients with
thyroid cancers or autoimmune hypothyroid due to Hashimoto's thyroiditis in about 10% of TAO, while
individuals with no thyroid disease were found to have orbital lesions in 10 percent of total cases. A 46-year- Case presentation:
old male patient who is a known case of hypertension and hypothyroidism attended to medical OPD of SVS Hospital with
foreign body sensation in both eyes, bulging of eyeballs and excessive watering in both eyes. He was on 40 mg of telmisartan
and 50 micrograms of thyroxine daily for about 6 months. Pulse was 56 per minute and a blood pressure of 146/96 mmHg. The
patient was treated with methyl prednisolone initially weekly intravenous doses followed by oral medication along with
increased levothyroxine to 150 micrograms, selenium and statins. He was symptomatically better after 6 weeks of therapy.
Summary and conclusion: Hypothyroid grave disease is very rare that too in a male patient. Treatment does not differ from
Hyperthyroid Graves' disease except the supplementation of levothyroxine instead of anti-thyroid measures. The literature has
been reviewed.
VACCINE HESITANCY: ATTITUDE TOWARDS COVID-19 VACCINE AMONGST UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS AT THE UNIVERSITY OF NAMIBIA.
Authors: Kittler Shaneece , U Tobi Kingsley
Published: December 2022

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized vaccine hesitancy as one of the top ten threats to global health. In addition,
experts around the world have noted an increased propensity towards negative vaccination attitudes over the years. As medical students are future
health care providers, it is important to identify their stance on vaccinations and to shape their attitudes in that regard. An anonymous 14- Methods:
item online Google Forum questionnaire was administered to third to sixth year undergraduate medical students at UNAM. The study period ran
from 04/09/21-23/09/21. The study received 89 responses out of an anticipated 163. Majority of st Results: udents (74%) were already vaccinated,
8% expressed a desire to get vaccinated and 18% were not intending to get vaccinated. The most common reason (69%) for vaccine hesitancy was
uncertainty about vaccine safety and associated side effects. On the other hand, fear of contracting the virus and infecting friends/family and the
belief that getting vaccinated is one way to reach an end to the pandemic were amongst the most important factors inuencing pro-vaccination
behaviours. Lastly, the study had no sufcient evidence to reject the null hypothesis: H0: Medical students are proCovid-19-vaccination.
Conclusion: Amongst the study population, majority had already been vaccinated. The fear of contracting the virus and subsequently infecting
loved ones was one the main factors responsible for this pro-vaccination attitudes. On the other hand, one of the major factors which contributed to
hesitancy were concerns about vaccine safety and uncertainty about possible side effects. As a result, specic measures aimed at providing
adequate evidence-based information regarding the safety and efcacy of the vaccine should be put in place.
LUNG DEPOSITION RATE AND AEROSOL CHARACTERISTICS OF A NANO AEROSOL NOZZLE WITH DEXAMETHASONE SOLUTION
Authors: Peter Zarf Hans , Madl Pierre
Published: December 2022

A nanoaerosol nozzle was designed and the generated aerosol consisting of a diluted dexamethasone solution was measured with Scanning
Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS). The obtained aerosol concentration was fed into the IDEAL lung deposition model for to calculate expected
deposition in a human lung. Measurements and calculation clearly show that a substantial fraction reaches the alveolar section of the lungs. Given
the generated particle inventory in the nano-size range, the tested nozzle appears to have specic advantages for deposition in deeper pulmonary
region over existing “out of the shelf” devices. Considering therapeutic applications, the high share of nano-sized particles make it possible to
reduce dosage without compromising the therapeutic effects. While most devices currently in use achieve only about 10 % lung deposition
efciency, with the bulk of the aerosolized fraction trapped in the extra-thoracic region. With this novel aerosolizer it is possible to reduce
oropharyngeal deposition to about 4,78-5.97 %, leaving 25.6-25.5 % being deposited in the deeper lung, while the remaining fraction being
expelled with the exhalation bolus.
THE ROLE OF GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING IN ENSURING EFFECTIVE ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION FOR THE ERADICATION OF GRADUATE UNEMPLOYMENT
Authors: Ezeribe Scholastica Ngozi
Published: December 2022

The paper examines the role of guidance and counselling in ensuring effective entrepreneurship education which will help in the eradication of graduate unemployment. The inclusion of entrepreneurship education in the curriculum of tertiary institutions by the Federal Ministry of Education was intended to make graduates to be self-employed and job creators thereby reducing unemployment in Nigeria. Despite this introduction for all these years, unemployment seems to be on the increase. The value of entrepreneurship education does not seem to have sufficiently impacted on them Based on this, the question arises: why the entrepreneurship education given to our students is not yielding the required result which is job creation? This work is based on cognitive counselling theory. The data was collected through literature review and it was found out that there is a strong positive relationship between career counselling and entrepreneurial development skills which reduce unemployment. It was concluded that for graduate unemployment to be eradicated in Nigeria, the counsellors must ensure that effective entrepreneurship education is put in place. The paper finally recommends the introduction of a course on entrepreneurship education counselling which should precede the main general course on entrepreneurship education in all tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
We can call it “Hope”! (Tcheonzamun 497th-512th)
Authors: Kim Sangdeog Augustin
Published: December 2022

The French missionary Dallet (1874) wrote that the ancient Chinese people in Tchi’n(秦) country utilized ‘The thousand character essay’ (It is called as Tcheonzamun in Korea) as the textbook for their children of learning Chinese characters. ‘The thousand character essay’ is called as Tcheonzamun in Korea. The present researcher used a Tcheonzamun book written by Han (1583). And the range of translation was (Tcheonzamun 497th-512th). For the present researcher, there are two methods for translation. One is through Korean pronunciation of Chinese character. And the other method is through the meaning of Chinese character in this Tcheonzamun poem (497th-512th). The title of this work is ‘We can call it “Hope”!’  497-500 戶(Ho)-‘=尸 封(Bong)-‘=土土十 八(Pal) 縣(Hyeon) Do you want to find if tens (十) of field (土) or paddy field (土) are barren (尸)? It is not difficult. You can see such barren fields within the 10 (八) villages (縣). There are many destructive fields, here and there. How do you think about the wife and the husband? 501-504 家(Ga)-ウ=豕 給(Geub) 千(Tcheon) 兵(Byeong)-ウ=一人 If the wife want to do the good (給) for the bad husband (豕)? It will not be sufficient for the bad husband even though the wife (一人) do the good for the bad husband one thousand times (千). 505-508 高(Go)-立=’二 冠(Gwan) 陪(Bae, Bi)-立=阜 輦(Ryeon, Nyeon) Therefore, the wife and the husband will be hard for their life. In order for the two persons, the wife and the husband (二), in their distress (’) will do the happy life (冠), what will be the solution? If there are lots of (阜) very good houses (輦) for the wife and the husband, is it OK? 509-512 驅(Gu) (穀-禾+車)(Gog)-め=士軍Ђ 振(Zin)-才=辰 纓(Yeong) No, it is not so! The discouraged (Ђ) wife (士) and the unhappy (Ђ) husband (軍)! Do you want to recover your happy marriage life (驅)? Please fasten the long band or the signal (纓) on the star in the heaven (辰). We can call it “Hope”!
Design and Development of Terbutaline Sulphate Fast Mouth Dissolving Tablet
Authors: Singh Gajendra , Singh Gyan , Malik Jitender K
Published: December 2022

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes an associated increase in airway hyperreactivity leading to recurrent episodes of wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and coughing, especially at night and early in the morning. Terbutaline sulfate is a selective beta2 adrenergic agonist. It is highly selective for β2 adrenergic receptors and has a long-lasting effect. It is given for symptomatic relief of bronchospasm and obstructive airway disease. Terbutaline sulfate is effective when taken orally, subcutaneously, or by inhalation. Although effects are rapidly observed after inhalation, the use of inhaled sympathomimetic drugs is initially associated with possible tachyphylaxis of resistance to beta-agonists, cardiac arrhythmias due to β1-adrenergic receptor stimulation, and Freon propellants. Raised concerns about hypoxemia and arrhythmia due to fluorinated hydrocarbons in many patient groups, including the elderly, children, the mentally ill, and uncooperative or nauseous patients, have difficulty swallowing conventional dosage forms such as tablets. Swallowing conventional tablets is further hampered by conditions such as water unavailability, allergic reactions, and coughing fits. These problems can be overcome by developing rapidly disintegrating and dissolving tablet dosage forms for oral administration, as they dissolve in saliva and do not require water to be swallowed. When ingested, saliva serves to quickly dissolve the dosage form. A fast mouth dissolving tablet (FMDT) is an oral solid dosage form that dissolves rapidly when placed on the tongue, releasing a drug that dissolves or disperses in saliva and can be swallowed without the need for drinking water. Additionally, some of the saliva-soluble drugs from the mouth, throat, and esophagus are absorbed once saliva enters the stomach, increasing bioavailability by avoiding first-pass metabolism.
Comparative Study to Evaluate Surgical Outcome and Donor Site Morbidity of Buccal Versus Lingual Mucosa Graft in Anterior Urethroplasty
Authors: Maoya Dr. Md. Mostakim , Asaduzzaman Dr. Md. , Mostofa Dr. Munshi Akid , Rana Dr. Md. Masud , Chowdhury Dr. Md. Tanuwar Islam , Reza Dr. Md. Shaheen , Hossain Dr. Md. Sazzad
Published: December 2022

Background: Stricture urethra is a frequent urological problem and substitution urethroplasty is the standard treatment for longer (>2 cm) urerthral strictures, multiple urethral strictures and recurrent strictures. Currently, buccal mucosa graft (BMG) is the preferred donor site for substitution urethroplasty which is associated with donor site morbidities. The mucosa covering the lateral and undersurface of the tongue is identical to the rest of the lining of oral cavity and seems to be associated with less risk of donor site complications. The aim of the study was to compare the surgical outcome and donor site morbidity of buccal versus lingual mucosa graft in anterior urethroplasty. Methods: A prospective experimental study was done in the department of Urology Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of April 2017 to September 2018. Total 54 Patients were included by purposive sampling for the study as per inclusion and exclusion Criteria. Patients were than allocated into two groups. Group A consisted of 27 patients where Lingual mucosa graft (LMG) urethroplasty done and group B also consisted of 27 patients where Buccal mucosa graft (BMG) urethroplasty done. Results: In the present study, the baseline characteristics of the patients in group A and Group B were almost similar having no statistically significant difference. The overall surgical outcome between two groups was in group A 92% and in group B 88%. The inter-group difference was not statistically significant. Donor site complications more frequently occurred in Group B. Pain in oral cavity at 3rd week in Group A was in 1(4%) patient and in group B was in 9(36%) patients, at 6th month follow up, eating and drinking problem (Group A 4% versus group B 32%), peri-numbness (Group A 4% versus Group B 28%), oral tightness (Group A 0% versus Group B 32%), salivary disturbance (Group A 0% versus Group B 28%) were significant statistically (p<0.05). Conclusion: We conclude that that lingual mucosa ....
An Overview of Fixation Failure, Malunion and Possible Complication of Soft Tissue and Bone Infection
Authors: Chowdhury Dr. Md. Abdus Sattar , Islam Dr. Muhammad Najibul , Sayeed Dr. Amreen Sadika , Firdaus Dr. Zannatul , Alam Dr. Abu Saleh Mohammad Monirul
Published: December 2022

Background: Trochanter fractures form the majority of hip fractures. The majority of trochanteric fractures occur in patients aged 66 to 76. The majority of fractures occur in the elderly, typically as a result of osteoporosis and mild or minor trauma because this is an elderly age fracture. Morbidity is severe and obvious such as thromboembolism and pneumonia. Decubitus ulcers, stiff knees, mental decline, etc. are all common. Mal-union and varus angulations are common. Dynamic hip screw fixation for trochanteric fracture management is now practicing in our hospital setting but we do not have any study to see its advantage or any disadvantage. In this article we want to explain the Fixation failure using dynamic hip screw, malunion and possible complication of soft tissue and bone infection due to this. Objective: The main objective is to overview the Fixation Failure, Malunion and Possible Complication of Soft Tissue and Bone Infection. Materials and Methods: Descriptive study conducted at Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Chittagong Medical College Hospital, Chittagong, with the sample size of 36 patients aged above 50 years admitted to the Chittagong Medical College Hospital with closed trochanteric fracture to find the fixation failure, malunion and possible other complications. Results: The patients' ages ranged from 52 to 95 years. The majority of patients were 70-79 years old (36.1%), followed by 80-89 years (25%), 60-69 years (22.2%), 50-59 years (11.1%), and 90-99 years (5.6%). The mean (±SD) age of the total study patients (n=36) was 72.± 1.20 years, male (n=21) was 75.05±12.62 years and female (n=15) were 68.07±7.46 years. Maximum number of patients (44.4%) were retired, 41.7% housewife and 13.9% service holder. There are significant differences between retired and service holder groups. That among the patients, most of them sustained injuries on their right side (69.4%>), and left side involvement was only in 30.6%. overall radiological improvement ....
Association between Diabetes Mellitus and Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Authors: Udoh Elijah Asuquo , Usoro Anthony Joseph , Essiet Ifiok Udo
Published: December 2022

Background: Previous studies had documented a causal relationship between diabetes mellitus (DM) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) through hyperinsulinaemia and increased serum levels of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). These growth factors contribute to prostatic enlargement and may cause lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and increase symptom severity in BPH patients. This study was aimed at associating DM with clinical parameters of BPH. Materials and Method: This was a retrospective study of one hundred and sixteen (116) BPH patients carried out over a year period. Their clinical, laboratory and imaging study results were retrieved from their case files. Eligible patients were taken through a structured questionnaire during their clinic visits. This questionnaire assesses severity of LUTS in BPH patients called the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and quality of life scale. All data were entered into a structured proforma and analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Diabetic patients were selected based on the clinical history of diabetes mellitus (DM). Results: One hundred and Sixteen (116) patients aged between 43 and 82 years with a mean age of 63.10±8.89 years were studied. Diabetic patients were older than non-diabetics. They also had higher clinical parameters of BPH namely; higher prostate volume (PV), higher symptom scores both voiding and storage and a poorer quality of life from symptom-bother. Conclusion: Diabetic men have higher prostate volume which can precipitate LUTS, cause BPH progression and symptom severity.
To Study the Role of MRI in Meniscal Injuries of Knee: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Balani Dr. Mahak , Sachdev Dr. Yogendra , Vikhe Dr. Ganesh , Patil Dr. Pushpak
Published: December 2022

Background: MRI has clearly emerged as the primary imaging tool in the workup of knee joint pathology. MRI has made it possible to look into the injured knee non-invasively thereby avoiding invasive procedures and further morbidity. The main indication of MRI is in assessment of meniscal and ligament injuries. However it is useful in demonstrating other knee joint abnormalities involving articular cartilage, bone marrow, synovium, patellofemoral joint and adjacent soft tissue. MRI has been proven to be effective in defining the various knee structures and has proved to be an imaging modality in defining damage to these structures thus providing an aid in planning the treatment if needed. Aim: To study the role of MRI in meniscal injuries of knee. Material and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out among patients presenting with history of knee injury, who were referred to radiology department of Dr. Balasaheb Vikhe Patil Rural Medical College for MRI Knee. Patients giving consent to be included in the study, having no cardiac pacemakers, metallic implants in body and not claustrophobic were enrolled and studied. Thus such 30 cases were studied. Data was collected and complied in Microsoft excel and data was analysed using open epi version 2.3.1. Results: Mean age was 32.4+12.3 years. 65% were males and 35% were females. 64% had meniscal tear on MRI. Among them 70% had medial meniscal tear and 30% had lateral meniscal tear. Conclusion: MRI has been proven to be effective in defining the various knee structures such as ligaments, tendons, menisci, cartilage, musculature and the soft tissues and has proved to be an imaging modality in defining damage to these structures, thus providing an aid in planning the treatment if needed.
Outcome of Dutasteride 0.5mg in Androgenic Alopecia
Authors: Zohura Dr. Fatema-tuz- , Bashar Dr. Jinan , Sayem Dr. Mohammad Abu Sayed , Sultana Dr. MST. Mahfuza , Baker Dr. Md. Abu
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Androgenetic alopecia (AGA) is an androgen-mediated condition that is characterized by a progressive decline in visible scalp hair density. Genetically predisposed hair follicles are the target of dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which leads to the progressive miniaturization of hair follicles and hair thinning. Dutasteride inhibits conversion of testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, which significantly improves hair growth. Objective: To assess the outcome of dutasteride in androgenic alopecia. Methods: This study was carried out at Dermatology and Venereology Department, Enam Medical College Hospital, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January2022 to July 2022. From the outpatient clinic fifty (50) patients were recruited who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dermatologist observe every patients hair changes before, during &after treatment with dutasteride for 24 week. Results: Out Of the 50 patients, 60% patients were female. 40% patients noticed hair loss first at the age of 16-25 years of their lifetime. 44% patients had this disease from 1 to 6 months duration. After 6 months of therapy with dutasteride 0.5mg 20% patients were improved markedly, followed by 24% improved moderately, 16% improved mild. Besides that, six months after dutasteride treatment, there was significant improvement in both hair density and thickness. And during treatment libido decreased in 24% cases and ejaculatory disorder seen in 14% cases. After 6 months therapy in patients where 20% improved markedly, followed by 24% improved moderately, 16% improved mild. Conclusion: It is concluded that dutasteride at a dosage of 0.5 mg/d clinically improve hair growth after six months of therapy in patients with AGA but there was a higher prevalence of sexual dysfunction. Large number of studies are required to recommend dutasteride 0.5 mg/d as the alternative therapeutic option for AGA.
A Study between Bupivacaine Alone and Bupivacaine and Fentanyl Together in Spinal Anesthesia in Bangladesh
Authors: Husain Dr. Mohd. Sarwar , Hossain Dr. Md. Zakir , Kaiser Dr. Khaled , Choudhury Dr. Md. Abdul Hakim , Afrose Dr. Farjana , Ahmed Dr. Sheikh Rukun Uddin
Published: December 2022

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Bupivacaine and Fentanyl together in spinal anesthesia in Bangladeshi people. Methods: This experimental study was conducted at different types of medical college hospitals, from January 2019 to January 2020, from where written informed consent was taken from 120 patients to obtain this experimental study. Result: The patient selected for this study was divided into two groups- Group A (Hyperbaric Bupivacaine+ Fentanyl) and Group B (Hyperbaric Bupivacaine only). 10% of the patients who had operation for more than 3 hours, experienced pain. Conclusion: From this study we can conclude that patients anesthetized with hyperbaric Bupivacaine with 25 µg Fentanyl, increased the duration of analgesia and provided with haemodynamic stability with no major complication.
Comparative Study of Serum Lipid Profile in Pre-Eclampsia and Normal Pregnancy
Authors: Patar Jagannath , Acharjee Nilabh
Published: December 2022

Background: Pre-eclampsia is an important cause of fetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide. It is therefore, important to study the lipid profile and risk factors for prevention, management and better prognosis of the disease. Method & Materials: This study was a case control study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur. A total of 100 (one hundred) were selected, out of which 50 (fifty) normotensive pregnant women served as a control and 50 (fifty) Pre-eclampsia women constituted the study group. Besides baseline routine investigations, estimation of Serum lipid profile was done by collecting blood samples from antecubital vein of every case and control following a fast of 12-14 hours and collected in plain vials and were analysed at department of Biochemistry, Tezpur Medical College and Hospital, Tezpur. Results: The preeclampsia group had a significant rise in Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, LDL-C levels and decreased HDL-C levels as compared to the control group. Conclusion: Abnormal lipid profile results during pregnant women plays an important role in development of pre-eclampsia.
Benefits and Side Effects of Iron-Folate Tablet Supplementation among the Female Adolescent Garment Workers
Authors: Khan Dr. MD Fazlul Kader , Azam Dr. MD Shaiful , Das Dr. Nanda Lal , Afroz Dr. Sakina Shab , Hossain Dr. Monira , Sharmin Dr. Shabnam , Afrooz Dr. Farzana , Islam Dr. Sajani
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Among adolescent girls, iron deficiency is not uncommon due to various factors. During this period, iron deficiency anemia can greatly impact various factors of daily life, and additional iron supplementation might be needed. Aim of the Study: The aim of the study was to observe the benefits and side effects of iron folate tablet supplementation in adolescent women garments workers. Methods: This cross-sectional observational and descriptive study was conducted with the female adolescent garment workers of one garment factory located in the Narayangonj district. The data collection for the study was done in a very short period of time, from the 1st week of April to the 2nd week of July 2002, which led to a small sample size of 188 adolescent female workers. Result: Among the participants, 98.40% were Muslim, over half the participants were unmarried, 46.28% had been illiterate, and 51.06% had education up to class 1-3, Among the 81 married cases, 45.68% had husbands who received education from class 1-5, 48.94% had 2- 5 family member, 46.81% had 6-9 family members, and 4.26% had 10-12 family members. The financial characteristics of the participants revealed that 35.11% had 1500-3000 monthly income, 58.51% of the participants had 3-5 earning members, and 40.96% had only 1-2 earning member’s Per capita income was between 286-600 for 34.57% of participants, between 601-1000 for 53.19% participants. It was observed that in 3rd week, 43.62% had good health, 28.72% had increased work performance, and 13.83% had been free from sickness. By 4th week, 38.83% had good health, 25.00% had increased work performance and 10.11% had been free from sickness, which was true for the following weeks as well. In terms of side effects, anorexia, constipation, black stool, and vomiting were observed, with the highest frequency in 4th week of iron supplementation. Conclusion: The study observed that socio-demographic factors had no effect on the acceptance or reluctance ...
Growth of Clarias Gariepinus Juveniles Reared in Soilless Tanks in the Republic of Congo
Authors: Ognika Alexis Jonas , Menga Lucien , Gnanga Raissa Annick Ebengo , Akouango Parisse , Ombouekoulou Adelin Wally
Published: December 2022

The present study was conducted to assess the growth of Clarias gariépinus fingerlings introduced in Congo to improve local fish production. Fish farming is part of the concerns of the Congolese government to improve food security and savings of fish farmers. The objective of the study was to evaluate the growth of Clarias gariepinus juveniles reared in above ground tanks. A total of 60 juveniles of Clarias gariepinus of average weight (17±0.5g) were divided into two tanks. The following results were obtained: final average weights, weight gains, daily average gains and specific growth rate of fish from tank 1 (77.78± 21.74g); (61.25g); (2.04g/d); (2.24%g/d); those of fish from tank 2 of (68.45±15.48g); (50.38g); (1.68g/d); (1.93%g/d). As for the survival rates, they were (76.76%) for tank 1 and (66.66%) for tank 2. It was found that the fish in tank 1 had a significantly high survival rate, average final weight and weight gain (p ˂0.05) compared to the fish in tank 2. The study showed a good level of growth of Clarias gariépinus juveniles in artificial environment with an ability to adapt to the environmental conditions of the country.
Tolerance of Five Upland Rice Cultivars at Various Levels of Drought Stress
Authors: Made Usman , Samudin Sakka , Maemunah Maemunah , Asyi'ah Siti , Amirudin Amirudin
Published: December 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the drought tolerance limit of five upland rice (Paddy Gogo) cultivars in the germination phase. This research was carried out at the Seed Science and Technology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tadulako, Palu, Indonesia, from September to October 2020. This study was arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial design of 2 factors. The first factor was the cultivar consisting of five cultivars, i.e., Pau Tau Leru, Jahara, Uva Buya, Buncaili, and Kalendeng. The second factor was the Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) concentration which consisted of five levels, i.e., Without PEG, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% PEG. There were 25 treatment combinations. Each treatment was repeated three times (75 experimental units). The results showed that Uva Buya and Jahara cultivars had a high tolerance for PEG which was characterized by the maximum growth potential, germination power above 85%, and germination time in less than 4 days with the treatment of 40% PEG concentration. Meanwhile, Pau Tau Leru, Buncaili, and Kalendeng cultivars were able to grow and germinate well up to 10% PEG concentration. Both Uva Buya and Jahara cultivars also had a longer and heavier plumule and radicle, and larger roots.
Early Diagnosis of Lysinuric Protein Intolerance: A Case Report
Authors: Hmimidi I. , Lyatim H. , Abilkassem R. , Hassani A. , Agader A. , Kmari M.
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Lysinuric protein intolerance (LPI) is a metabolic disorder resulting from recessive inherited mutations involving the SLC7A7 gene that control the transport of urea cycle intermediates. Case report: In this study we report a case of a kid who diagnosed with LPI at age of 18 month, he has recurrent vomiting and diarrhea with a break in the height-weight curve, the dosage of orotic acid in the urine which was increased, the chromatography of the amino acids which found a low level of lysine, ornithine and arginine in the blood and increased in the urine suggestive of LPI. Discussion: The defects occur in the y+ LAT1 sub-unit of the cationic amino acids transporter localized in the kidney and also expressed in the lung, spleen and in circulating monocytes and macrophages, which explain that an LPI patient usually comes with hepatosplenomegaly, failure to thrive, aversion to protein rich food, and poor feeding.
Primary Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma of the Breast: A Rare Case of Breast Location
Authors: Sidibe Aboubacar Sidiki , Abdelkhalki Hicham , Oussaih Leila , Amouski Hamid , Soummani Abderaouf
Published: December 2022

Primary malignant lymphomas of the breast are rare, it represents less than 0.5% of all breast cancers. In this work we report an observation of primary non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma of the breast with a review of the literature of epidemiological, clinical, histological and therapeutic aspects. Their clinical presentation is diverse. Imaging is non- specific, which can resemble all other types of breast cancer. The diagnosis can be evoked on cytological examination, its confirmation is always histological. The occurrence of non-Hodgkin malignant lymphoma requires a rigorous assessment of extension in the search for other primary localizations. Prognosis and treatment are similar to those of other lymphomatosis localizations.
FORMULASI SEDIAAN KRIM KOLAGEN TULANG IKAN NILA (Oreochromis niloticus) SEBAGAI ANTI-AGING
Authors: GINTING ERNAWATY , Zebua Nilsya Febrika , Khalisa Khalisa
Published: December 2022

Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan ikan air tawar yang memiliki volume produksi terbanyak di Indonesia. Ikan nila diekspor dalam bentuk utuh segar, utuh beku, filet segar filet beku. Kolagen merupakan salah satu turunan protein yang banyak terdapat pada tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah kolagen tulang ikan nila dapat diformulasikan dalam bentuk krim yang dalam konsentrasi tertentu mampu memberikan efek anti-aging dan tidak mengiritasi kulit. Penelitian ini memakai metode eksperimental, menggunakan bahan uji tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus). Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel, determinasi hewan, isolasi kolagen dari tulang ikan nila, uji karateristik kolagen dengan spektrofotometri inframerah, pemilihan formula dasar krim, penetapan formula modifikasi krim, pembuatan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila dengan konsentrasi 1%, 1,5%, 2,5% dan 3,5% dan evaluasi sediaan krim serta uji efektivitas anti-aging menggunakan alat Skin analyzer checker (aramo®) dimana hasilnya di uji secara statistik memakai uji ANOVA dengan SPSS 26 Free trial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dapat di formulasikan kedalam sediaan krim, merupakan sediaan homogen dan stabil dengan tipe emulsi minyak dalam air (M/A), dengan rentang pH sesaat setelah dibuat 6,1-6,5 dan setelah cycling test 6,0-6,4. Sediaan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan konsentrasi 3,5% (F4) menunjukkan efektivitas anti-aging yang paling baik dalam hal memberikan kelembaban sebesar 50,2% termasuk kategori “lembab” dengan persen pemulihan 24,7%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan krim pembanding yang memberikan kelembaban sebesar 47,0% termasuk kategori “lembab” dengan persen pemulihan 16,14%, pengecilan besar pori 21,5%, pengurangan jumlah noda 22,1% dan pengurangan jumlah keriput sebesar 22,2% . Hasil uji statistik probabilitas lebih kecil dari (p<0,05) secara statistik menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan dengan krim pembanding. Seluruh sediaan krim kolagen tulang ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) tidak mengiritasi kulit.
BIJI KOPI ROBUSTA PEABERRY GREEN BEAN : SKRINING FITOKIMIA, FORMULASI HERBAL LOTION
Authors: Wulandari Septi , Agustin Yeni
Published: December 2022

Biji kopi robusta adalah tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Salah satu varian kopi Pagar Alam adalah kopi peaberry robusta yang memiliki khasiat mampu meningkatkan kelembaban kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui formulasi sediaan lotion ekstrak etanol biji kopi robusta peaberry green bean kota Pagar Alam dan mampu meningkatkan kelembaban kulit. Metode pengujian meliputi uji organoleptik, uji pH, uji homogenitas, uji ritasi, daya sebar, uji kelembaban dan uji hedonik. Hasil pengujian organoleptik menunjukkan semua formula tidak mengalami perubahan dari segi warna, aroma dan tekstur. Uji pH F0 memiliki pH yang paling tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata 6,5. Hasil uji kelembaban kulit menunjukkan nilai rata-rata persentase kelembabkan F2 memiliki tingkat melembabkan kulit yang paling tinggi dengan nilai sebesar 60%. Hasil uji hedonik kesukaan terhadap warna menunjukkan F2 yang sangat disukai. Hasil uji hedonik terhadap aroma yang menunjukan F3 yang sangat disukai, uji hedonik terhadap tekstur yang paling disukai adalah F3 dan hasil uji iritasi semua formula tidak mengiritasi kulit. Kesimpulan bahwa ekstrak biji kopi robusta (Coffea canephora) peaberry green bean  dapat menjadi sediaan lotion dan mampu meningkatkan kelembaban kulit yang tinggi.
PENGARUH FAKTOR PERILAKU KELUARGA TERHADAP PENERAPAN PHBS PADA TATANAN RUMAH TANGGA DI KELURAHAN TIMBANG LANGKAT KECAMATAN BINJAI TIMUR KOTA BINJAI
Authors: Julianti Dewi , Maryanti Endang , Efendi Ismail
Published: December 2022

Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS) merupakan cerminan pola hidup keluarga yang senantiasa memperhatikan dan menjaga kesehatan seluruh anggota keluarga dan dapat berperan aktif dalam kegiatan kesehatan di masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor perilaku keluarga terhadap penerapan PHBS pada tatanan rumah tangga di Kelurahan Timbang Langkat Kecamatan Binjai Timur Kota Binjai. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang dilakukan survei analitik dengan pendekatan Cross Sectional Study. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat yang ada di Kelurahan Timbang Langkat sebanyak 1.786 orang ibu rumah tangga. Sampel menggunakan sistem Accidental Sampling sebanyak 95 ibu rumah tangga. Analisis data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dan multivariat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan pendidikan, status social, pengetahuan, sikap dan peran petugas kesehatan terhadap penerapan PHBS pada tatanan rumah tangga di Kelurahan Timbang Langkat Kecamatan Binjai Timur Kota Binjai. Sedangkan faktor yang paling dominan yaitu pengetahuan p = 0,000 < 0,05 dan 95% CI = 6.361-600.181 dengan OR= 61.789. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ada pendidikan, pengetahuan, sikap status social dan peran petugas kesehatan terhadap penerapan PHBS pada tatanan rumah tangga di Kelurahan Timbang Langkat Kecamatan Binjai Timur Kota Binjai. Disarankan kepada pihak Kelurahan dalam memberikan sosialisasi dan edukasi dengan kerjasama dengan pihak puskesmas tentang pentingnya PHBS di terapkan di rumah tangga dan melakukan program gotong royong, program cuci tangan pakai sabun, dan program lainnya yang bertujuan untuk penerapan PHBS agar terciptanya lingkungan yang sehat dan bersih.
Analisis Rantai Pasok Usaha Ikan Kering Di Kota Bengkulu
Authors: Sinta Kikim Aria , Sriyoto  , Priyono Basuki Sigit
Published: December 2022

Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menganalisis rantai pasok usaha ikan kering yang ada di Kota Bengkulu, menganalisis besaran margin pemasaran, farmer share, efisiensi pemasaran ikan kering di Kota Bengkulu dan menganalisis elastisitas transmisi harga ikan kering di Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian dilakukan secara sengaja di Kelurahan Sumber Jaya dan Kelurahan Malabero. Responden pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 kategori yaitu nelayan berjumlah 24 diambil dengan metoda acak, pembuat ikan kering berjumlah 20 orang menggunakan metode simple random sampling, pedagang pengumpul berjumlah 6 orang menggunakan metode sensus, pedagang pengecer berjumlah 25 orang menggunakan metode accidental sampling dan konsumen berjumlah 25 orang menggunakan metode accidental samping.  Data primer dan data sekunder digunakan dalam studi ini. Terdapat empat pola aliran rantai pasok diketahui  dari studi ini. Aliran rantai pasok I dimulai dari nelayan-pembuat ikan kering-pedagang pengumpul-pedagang pengecer dan konsumen. Aliran II dimulai dari nelayan-pembuat ikan kering-pedagang pengumpul dan konsumen. Aliran III dimulai nelayan-pembuat ikan kering-pedagang pengecer dan konsumen. Pada aliran IV dimulai dari nelayan-pembuat ikan kering dan konsumen.  Total margin pemasaran, farmers share dan efisiensi pemasaran ikan kering tawar pada aliran I sebesar Rp.13.112/Kg (85%) nilai efisiensi pemasaran 3,35% (efisien), pada aliran II sebesar Rp.6.342/Kg (86%) nilai efisiensi pemasaran 1,19% (efisien). pada aliran III sebesar Rp.13.112/Kg (75%) nilai efisiensi pemasaran 1,91% (efisien), pada aliran rantai pasok IV tidak terdapat margin pemasaran dan nilai efisiensi pemasaran dengan farmers share 100% (efisien). Sedangkan total margin pemasaran dan farmers share ikan kering asin pada aliran I sebesar Rp.11.955/Kg (72%) nilai efisiensi pemasaran 6,44% (tidak efisien), pada aliran II sebesar Rp.3.964/Kg nilai efisiensi pemasaran 2,68 (efisien), pada aliran III sebesar Rp.11.955/Kg nilai efisiensi pemasaran 3.35 (efisien), aliran rantai IV tidak memiliki besaran margin dan nilai efisiensi pemasaran dengan farmer share sebesar 100% (efisien). Selanjutnya transmisi harga yang diperoleh pada ikan kering tawar 0,27 dan pada ikan kering asin 0,09. Artinya perubahan harga 1% di tingkat konsumen akan mengakibatkan perubahan harga yang kurang dari 1% di tingkat pengolah ikan kering.
A CIDADE EM FESTA
Authors: Jourdain-Annequin Colette
Published: December 2022

Ainda religiosa, a festa transforma periodicamente a cidade grega. É entorno de Dionísio que se celebram as Antesterias atenienses, festa da primavera, da renovação da vida. Numa festa de três dias, festeja-se o vinho na alegria, honram-se os mortos no temor. Festa de origem rural, as Antesterias unem, por meio do casamento de Dionísio com a mulher do arconte-rei, todos os atenienses aos  deuses, diminuem a distância entre os vivos e os mortos e questionam, aparentemente, a ordem social. As Antesterias implicam nas diferentes componentes do espaço ateniense. Perpetuando rituais oriundos do passado teocrático da cidade, elas sublinham a dimensão religiosa da democracia, que doravante a caracteriza, rompem os ritmos da existência quotidiana, religam-se com o tempo das origens, com aquele do mito. Todas as componentes da festa urbana moderna já estão presentes.
CIDADE E FESTA
Authors: Maia Carlos Eduardo Santos
Published: December 2022

As paradas LGBT têm se constituído numa grande festa popular nas cidades onde são realizadas. Neste artigo, analisamos algumas questões referentes à sua espacialidade a partir dos “excessos”, aspecto obrigatório nas festas populares, e como estes desencadeiam tanto possibilidades de rupturas como de retorno à ordem, de superação e de ratificação de visões de mundo. Abordamos as paradas como fatos sociais totais, procurando, com isso, explorar certas relações morais, políticas e religiosas implicadas nas festas. Em termos metodológicos, nossas análises são orientadas por participações, observações e entrevistas realizadas na parada goianiense, embora, sempre que possível, recorramos a outros contextos, a título de exemplo.
UNE SEMAINE DE LA VIE D’UNE VILLE
Authors: Madoeuf Anna
Published: December 2022

Les mûlid-s du Caire sont simultanément des fêtes et des pèlerinages, un terme unique pour traduire des situations plurielles mais élaborées dans un même geste. Moments d’effervescence et de représentation, les fêtes précipitent ensemble provinciaux et Cairotes, dévots et badauds, et suscitent maintes possibilités de brassages. L’espace de la ville, transfiguré, densifié, démultiplié, surexposé, voire saturé, révèle d’autres possibles, des interprétations inédites. Espaces publics et privés sont partiellement brouillés en une série de lieux déclinés alors en fonction d’usages nouveaux. Les mûlid-s contribuent à penser, agencer, et pratiquer la ville comme un espace animé et d’animation, investi spirituellement et symboliquement, mais aussi empli de présences matérielles et tangibles, celles des décors, des corps et des objets. Dans un paysage de surimpositions, les multiples modes de faire des participants s’observent dans leurs esquisses ou leurs réalisations, dans la pratique de lieux partagés, depuis de subtils jeux de proximités, de distances, de côtoiements et d’esquives.