bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melatonin as an adjuvant therapy in preterm infants with neonatal sepsis, randomized trial
Authors: El-Kabbany Zeinab A. , El-Farghali Ola G. , Khafagy Soha M. , Shaaban Hebatallah A. , Osman Heba H. A. , Metwally Mohamed H.
Published: January 2020

Background

Neonatal sepsis (NS) is a systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infectious agent, resulting in oxidative stress. Melatonin antioxidant and free radical scavenger proved to be safe in neonates. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of melatonin as adjuvant therapy in NS. This was an interventional trial conducted on 40 preterm neonates with NS diagnosed on the basis of clinical and laboratory criteria. They were simply randomized to melatonin treated (MT) (n = 20) and conventionally treated (CT) (n = 20) groups. Melatonin was administered at a total dose of 20 mg enterally in two divided doses of 10 mg each, 1 h apart. Malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed in patients at enrollment, 4 and 72 h later in MT, and 72hours later in CT. Fifteen healthy matched neonates were included as a control.

Results

There were no significant differences between MT and CT groups regarding baseline sepsis workup. However, total leucocytic count, absolute neutrophil count, and C-reactive protein were significantly higher and platelets were significantly lower in CT compared to MT after 72 h. MDA was doubled in CT while reduced in MT 72 h after intervention (p = 0.000). Mortality was significantly lower in MT. No side effects following melatonin administration were reported.

Conclusion

Melatonin is effective and safe adjuvant for treatment of NS that improves clinical and laboratory outcomes.

Trial registration

clinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03295162. Registered 27 September 2017—Retrospectively registered.
Self-training and learning the waveform features of microseismic data using an adaptive dictionary
Authors: Wang Hang , Zhang Quan , Zhang Guoyin , Fang Jinwei , Chen Yangkang
Published: January 2020

Microseismic monitoring is an indispensable technique in characterizing the physical processes that are caused by extraction or injection of fluids during the hydraulic fracturing process. Microseismic data, however, are often contaminated with strong random noise and have a low signal-to-noise ratio (S/N). The low S/N in most microseismic data severely affects the accuracy and reliability of the source localization and source-mechanism inversion results. We have developed a new denoising framework to enhance the quality of microseismic data. We use the method of adaptive sparse dictionaries to learn the waveform features of the microseismic data by iteratively updating the dictionary atoms and sparse coefficients in an unsupervised way. Unlike most existing dictionary learning applications in the seismic community, we learn the features from 1D microseismic data, thereby to learn 1D features of the waveforms. We develop a sparse dictionary learning framework and then prepare the training patches and implement the algorithm to obtain favorable denoising performance. We use extensive numerical examples and real microseismic data examples to demonstrate the validity of our method. Results show that the features of microseismic waveforms can be learned to distinguish signal patches and noise patches even from a single channel of microseismic data. However, more training data can make the learned features smoother and better at representing useful signal components.
Seismic sedimentary characteristics and filling structure of the Upper Triassic Yanchang Formation, Ordos Basin, China
Authors: Feng Congjun , Sun Mengsi , Liu Chiyang , Deng Xili , Xue Yuze , Dong Li
Published: January 2020

Following the analysis of cores, outcrops, well log, and seismic sections, we have studied the seismic reflection configuration and depositional history of the hydrocarbon-rich Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin. We divided the seismic reflection configurations into five types: subparallel reflection, parallel reflection, tangential progradational reflection, shingled progradational reflection, and chaotic reflection. Based on our study results, we concluded that the slopes exhibit differences in the different regions of the Ordos Basin during the sedimentary period of the Yanchang Formation: The slope with the largest gradient of approximately 10°–20° occurred in the southwestern basin, followed by the northwestern basin (with a slope of approximately 1.6°–3.3°), but the slope was relatively gentle in the northeastern basin (approximately 0.8°–1.2°). We also found that the paleocurrent direction of the basin mainly includes two directions: The paleocurrent direction of the southwest region is 186°–259°, which indicates the provenance came from the southwestern region, whereas the paleocurrent direction of the northeast region is 10°–79°, which indicates that the provenance came from the northeastern region. In addition, the Ordos Basin was under isostatic subsidence as a whole during this period, and its sedimentary infilling evolution underwent five stages: the initial depression, intense depression, progradational filling, uplifting and denudation, as well as shrinking and extinction stages, just corresponding with the Chang 10-Chang 9, the Chang 8-Chang 7, the Chang 6-Chang 4+5, the Chang 3-Chang 2, and the Chang 1 depositional age, respectively.
Treatment of Nodular Lymphocyte Hodgkin Lymphoma: The Goldilocks Principle
Authors: Bartlett Nancy L.
Published: January 2020

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology, to patients seen in their own clinical practice.
Optimal Cancer Care for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander People: A Shared Approach to System Level Change
Authors: Chynoweth Jennifer , McCambridge Meaghan M. , Zorbas Helen M. , Elston Jacinta K. , Thomas Robert J.S. , Glasson William J.H. , Coutts Joanna M. , Daveson Barbara A. , Whitfield Kathryn M.
Published: January 2020

PURPOSE

To improve cancer outcomes for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people through the development and national endorsement of the first population-specific optimal care pathway (OCP) to guide the delivery of high-quality, culturally appropriate, and evidence-based cancer care.

METHODS

An iterative methodology was undertaken over a 2-year period, and more than 70 organizations and individuals from diverse cultural, geographic, and sectorial backgrounds provided input. Cancer Australia reviewed experiences of care and the evidence base and undertook national public consultation with the Indigenous health sector and community, health professionals, and professional colleges. Critical to the OCP development was the leadership of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health experts and consumers.

RESULTS

The OCP received unanimous endorsement by all federal, state, and territory health ministers. Key elements of the OCP include attention to the cultural appropriateness of the health care environment; improvement in cross-cultural communication; relationship building with local community; optimization of health literacy; recognition of men’s and women’s business; and the need to use culturally appropriate resources. The OCP can be used as a tool for health services and health professionals to identify gaps in current cancer services and to inform quality improvement initiatives across all aspects of the care pathway.

CONCLUSION

The development of the OCP identified a number of areas that require prioritization. Ensuring culturally safe and accessible health services is essential to support early presentation and diagnosis. Multidisciplinary treatment planning and patient-centered care are required for all Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, irrespective of location. Health planners and governments acknowledge the imperative for change and have expressed strong commitment to work with Indigenous Australians to improve the accessibility, cultural appropriateness, and quality of cancer care.
Psychosocial Aspects of Delivering Cancer Care to Indigenous People: An Overview
Authors: Garvey Gail , Cunningham Joan , Mayer Carole , Letendre Angeline , Shaw Joanne , Anderson Kate , Kelly Brian
Published: January 2020

Globally, a growing body of evidence has reported significant disparities in cancer outcomes between Indigenous and non-Indigenous people. Although some effort is being made to address these disparities, relatively little attention has been directed toward identifying and focusing on the psychosocial aspects of cancer care for Indigenous patients, which are critical components in improving cancer care and outcomes. The purpose of this article is to describe the results of a scoping review of the psychosocial aspects of cancer care for Indigenous people. We highlight considerations in undertaking research in this field with Indigenous people and the implications for clinical practice.
Which Drug Next? Sequential Therapy for Osteoporosis
Authors: Lukert Barbara P
Published: January 2020

The proliferation of drugs with unique modes of action for treating osteoporosis has been most welcome. Fear of complications, even though rare, associated with long-term bisphosphonates (BPs) changed prescribing patterns. The BPs are stored in bone for years. Drugs not stored in bone; for example, abaloparatide, teriparatide, denosumab, and romosozumab have expanded our armamentarium for treating osteoporosis but have brought new challenges. Bone accrued during treatment with the last 3 drugs, and perhaps abaloparatide, is lost rapidly after their withdrawal due to rebound increase in bone resorption. Treatment with these drugs must be followed by administration of an antiresorptive agent. The article by Kendler et al. (1) in this issue of JCEM reports alendronate preserves bone accrued during administration of denosumab.
Magic Wands and Monkey Brains: Is Labor Ready to Lead Society in the New Struggle Over Data?
Authors: Mathew Biju
Published: January 2020

Based on extensive conversations with Uber, Lyft, and Ola drivers across multiple cities in the United States and India, this article argues that gig/platform work operates through a reorganization of established labor process with data at the center of such changes. Not only is data central to a dynamic restructuring of labor processes but data as “value” moves across multiple production processes enabling a new spatiotemporal fix. Data as “value/capital” thus enters a potentially endless cycle of value creation and appropriation. This makes possible for the labor movement to move away from narrow business unionism and instead build a new politics that has at its center data as unaccounted value produced by workers.
GDE3 regulates oligodendrocyte precursor proliferation via release of soluble CNTFRα
Authors: Dobrowolski Mateusz , Cave Clinton , Levy-Myers Reuben , Lee ChangHee , Park Sungjin , Choi Bo-Ran , Xiao Bo , Yang Wanchun , Sockanathan Shanthini
Published: January 2020

Oligodendrocyte development is tightly controlled by extrinsic signals; however, mechanisms that modulate cellular responses to these factors remain unclear. Six-transmembrane glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterases (GDEs) are emerging as central regulators of cellular differentiation via their ability to shed glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored proteins from the cell surface. We show here that GDE3 controls the pace of oligodendrocyte generation by negatively regulating oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) proliferation. GDE3 inhibits OPC proliferation by stimulating ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF)-mediated signaling through release of CNTFRα, the ligand-binding component of the CNTF-receptor multiprotein complex, which can function as a soluble factor to activate CNTF signaling. GDE3 releases soluble CNTFRα by GPI-anchor cleavage from the plasma membrane and from extracellular vesicles (EVs) after co-recruitment of CNTFRα in EVs. These studies uncover new physiological roles for GDE3 in gliogenesis and identify GDE3 as a key regulator of CNTF-dependent regulation of OPC proliferation through release of CNTFRα.
Modelling the pathogenesis of X-linked distal hereditary motor neuropathy using patient-derived iPSCs
Authors: Perez-Siles Gonzalo , Cutrupi Anthony , Ellis Melina , Kuriakose Jakob , La Fontaine Sharon , Mao Di , Uesugi Motonari , Takata Reinaldo I. , Speck-Martins Carlos E. , Nicholson Garth , Kennerson Marina L.
Published: January 2020

ATP7A encodes a copper-transporting P-type ATPase and is one of 23 genes in which mutations produce distal hereditary motor neuropathy (dHMN), a group of diseases characterized by length-dependent axonal degeneration of motor neurons. We have generated induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived motor neurons from a patient with the p.T994I ATP7A gene mutation as an in vitro model for X-linked dHMN (dHMNX). Patient motor neurons show a marked reduction of ATP7A protein levels in the soma when compared to control motor neurons and failed to upregulate expression of ATP7A under copper-loading conditions. These results recapitulate previous findings obtained in dHMNX patient fibroblasts and in primary cells from a rodent model of dHMNX, indicating that patient iPSC-derived motor neurons will be an important resource for studying the role of copper in the pathogenic processes that lead to axonal degeneration in dHMNX.
Determining macrophage versus neutrophil contributions to innate immunity using larval zebrafish
Authors: Rosowski Emily E.
Published: January 2020

The specific roles of the two major innate immune cell types – neutrophils and macrophages – in response to infection and sterile inflammation are areas of great interest. The larval zebrafish model of innate immunity, and the imaging capabilities it provides, is a source of new research and discoveries in this field. Multiple methods have been developed in larval zebrafish to specifically deplete functional macrophages or neutrophils. Each of these has pros and cons, as well as caveats, that often make it difficult to directly compare results from different studies. The purpose of this Review is to (1) explore the pros, cons and caveats of each of these immune cell-depleted models; (2) highlight and place into a broader context recent key findings on the specific functions of innate immune cells using these models; and (3) explore future directions in which immune cell depletion methods are being expanded.
Comparison of muscle activation and barbell kinematics during bench press with different loads
Authors: Van den Tillaar Roland , Sousa Colby
Published: January 2020

The aim of this study was to compare barbell kinematics and muscle patterning in bench press with different loads, but with maximum effort, in young males with resistance training experience. Ten healthy experiences strength-training males (aged 27.3±5.9 years, body mass 82.8±16.6 kg, height 1.78±0.05 m, experience 7.3±4.2 years) performed maximal effort bench presses (1–2 repetitions) with loads varying from 30%, with 10% increments until 100% of 1-RM. Muscle activity of seven muscles and barbell kinematics were measured during descending and ascending phases. Average and peak upwards lifting velocity increased, while lifting time decreases with each decreasing load. In general, the maximal activation of most muscles decreases with decreasing loads, but it was not linear. No effect of loads was shown for the biceps brachii and posterior deltoid muscles. Based upon these findings, it was concluded that maximal lifting velocity may compensate for increased loads, which may allow resistancetrained males who are both healthy or in rehabilitation to avoid heavy loads but experience similar muscle activation. By decreasing the loads, the mechanical stress decreases and time to recover is reduced. Using lower loads with maximal lifting velocity may allow athletes to increase the total volume without increasing the risk of injuries.
Badania polszczyzny krakowskiej – przeszłość i teraźniejszość
Authors: Dunaj Bogusław
Published: January 2020

The Past and the Present of Research into Cracow PolishThe paper presents the history of research into the urban spoken Polish of Cracow. Its most intensive period fell between 1976 and 1991. The research project was initiated by Professor M. Karaś. After his untimely death in 1977, the work was directed by Professor B. Dunaj. It was twin-track; both collective and individual studies were carried out. Under the supervision of B. Dunaj, five doctoral theses have been written; in total, nine books have been published: four collective and five individual ones. Some collective works have not been published, i.a. Słownik frekwencyjny nieoficjalnej odmiany polszczyzny mówionej (‘A frequency dictionary of an unofficial variety of spoken Polish’). Also other projects grew out of the research into the language spoken in Cracow, e.g. Słownik współczesnego języka polskiego (1996; ‘A dictionary of contemporary Polish’). In the first decade of the 21st century, B. Dunaj and M. Mycawka conducted research into regional vocabulary, focusing primarily on theoretical problems. Under the supervision of B. Dunaj, 28 unpublished monographies have been prepared on the subject of regional words in the speech of inhabitants of selected towns (mainly in Lesser Poland). In 2018, the dictionary Powiedziane po krakowsku. Słownik regionalizmów krakowskich (‘Said like in Cracow. A dictionary of Cracow regional words’, ed. by D. Ochmann and R. Przybylska) has been published, growing out of and referring to previous research. The present paper presents the controversial methodological problems related to research into regional vocabulary.
Isolation and Characterization of Biosurfactant Producing Bacteria from Oil-Contaminated Water
Authors: Ibrahim Ewida Ayman Youssef , Salah El-din Mohamed Walaa
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Biosurfactants are chemical compounds produced by some microorganisms to initiate oil biodegradation. They have been applied generously in many industries. The present work aimed to isolate and identify a new bacterial strain, of water habitat, capable of producing biosurfactant. So, water samples were collected from three different water environments including river Nile at Alkanater city, Qalyubia governorate; was representing clear raw water. River Nile at ship settlement station, Imbaba city, Giza governorate; was representing oil- contaminated water, where there were some oil spills from ship fixation. Rahawy drain, Giza governorate; was representing highly polluted wastewater. The bacterial community of each water environment was isolated and inventoried, then screened for biosurfactant production by blood hemolysis, oil spreading technique, drop collapse assay, foaming activity and emulsification activity. Bacterial strains isolated from the oil-contaminated environment showed high potential for biosurfactant production, and the best biosurfactant producing isolate was identified by 16S rRNA technique as Pseudomonas protegens, and the produced biosurfactant was belong to rhamnolipid group.
Reproductive Function Evaluation in Female Wistar Rats Treated with Aqueous leaf Extract of Cissusaralioides
Authors: Chukwuebuka Nwogueze Bartholomew , Emeka Ojieh Anthony , Nduka Ossai Richard , Eke ChidinmaNwanneamaka
Published: January 2020

ABSTRACT: Background: Medicinal plants are increasingly getting recognition. Cissus aralioides is a lofty climber belonging to the family of Vitaceae and widely distributed in South-Eastern region of Nigeria. Varied therapeutic benefits as well as well health harming effects have been reported about the plant. This study evaluated the effects of aqueous extract of Cissus aralioides leaf on reproductive functions in female Wistar rats.Methods: 72 adult female Wistar rats weighing between 110-180/g were used for the study. The animals were randomly grouped into 6 groups of twelve rats each (n=12). Groups 1 and 2 served as control while groups 3 to 6 were the experimental groups and were administered (100/mg, 200/mg, 300/mg and 500/mg)/kg of the extract respectively for 4 weeks. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected and centrifuged to obtain the serum for biochemical analysis for Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Estrogen and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). Data were analyzed using the SPSS package and expressed as mean± SEM and ANOVA.Results: There was significant body weight reduction across groups administered with the extract. Also, there were significant decrease in estrogen level in groups that received 300/mg/kg and 500/mg/kg when compared with the control groups, a similar decrease was not observed with LH and FSH across the groups.Conclusion: Observations from this study shows that aqueous leaf extract of Cissus aralioides decreases circulating levels of estrogen in female Wistar rats.
The first record of grass-like fern, Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. Sm. (Schizaeaceae) from Lingga Island, Indonesia: Its morphological, anatomical and palynological study
Authors: Sofiyanti Nery , Iriani DYAH IRIANI , Fitmawati FITMAWATI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Sofiyanti N, Iriani D, Fitmawati. 2019. The first record of grass-like fern, Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J. Sm. (Schizaeaceae) from Lingga Island, Indonesia: Its morphological, anatomical and palynological study. Biodiversitas 20: 2651-2660. Schizaea dichotoma (L.) J.Sm. is one of fern species from Family Schizaeaceae. This species is grass-like, dimorphic with fan-shaped fronds, and well-known with local name Rumput Merak. The first record of this species is reported from Lingga Island, Riau Islands Province, Indonesia. The aim of this study was to examine the morphology, anatomy and spore characteristics of this fern. This study had been carried from June to December 2017. Samples were collected using exploration method, documented, and prepared for herbarium specimen. In this study, we examined the morphological characters, anatomical characters of rhizome, stipes, and pinnae of both fertile and sterile fronds, as well as spore feature. The anatomical preparations were carried out using paraffin method, while spore specimens using acetolysis method. The anatomy of rhizome, stipes, and pinnae, as well as spore characters, were then observed and documented using digital microscope Celeron. S. dichotoma is dimorphic fern with grass-like habit, fan-shaped laminae that repeatedly forked end in sorospore in fertile frond. The rhizome has vascular bundle surrounded by star-shaped sclerenchymatous layer. The cross-section of stipes of both fertile and sterile fronds are "M" shaped with a vascular bundle located in the dorsal side, while the leaves have a vascular bundle in the middle of midrib. The type of vascular bundles and stele of those organs are similar, i.a. collateral closed and protostele. We observed The Casparian strip in the endodermis layer of rhizome, stipes, and leaves, as well as at cortex and among the xylem. The spore of S. dichotoma is monolete and large spore class (ca. 59.5 ± 2.4 x 35.86 ± 2.01 µm).
Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of thermophilic actinobacteria as proteolytic enzyme producer from Ie Seuum Hot Spring, Aceh Besar, Indonesia
Authors: Fitri Lenni , KARTINI AMELIA PUTRI  , SUHARTONO  , YULIA SARI ISMAIL
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Fitri L, Putri KA, Suhartono, Ismail YS. 2019. Short Communication: Isolation and characterization of thermophilic actinobacteria as proteolytic enzyme producer from Ie Seuum Hot Spring, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2802-2808. Proteases are enzymes who catalyze the breakdown of peptide bonds in proteins. This enzyme could be produced from thermophilic bacteria that are able to grow at temperatures of 45-80ºC and are stable to heat. The samples were collected at Ie Seu'um hot spring, Aceh Besar. This study aimed to isolate, to characterize and to determine actinobacteria that were capable of producing protease enzymes. The sampling method in this study was conducted by purposive sampling at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70ºC. Isolation of thermophilic actinobacteria was carried out in Humic Acid Vitamin B (HV) Agar medium and morphological characterization was carried out in Yeast Malt Agar (YMA), Yeast Starch Agar (YSA), Oatmeal Agar (OA) media. Microscopic characterization and measurement of clear zone diameter formed were carried out in skim milk medium. The results showed that one actinobacteria isolate was obtained at a temperature of 50ºC and five isolates at a temperature of 60ºC, meanwhile, no actinobacteria could be obtained at a temperature of 70ºC. A total of 4 isolates obtained were able to produce protease enzymes. The highest Proteolytic Index (IP) value was obtained from IS01 which was 3.8.
Analysis of nutlet morphological characteristics of some Iranian Ajuga L. taxa
Authors: Talebi Sayed Mehdi , RAHELEH TABARIPOUR  , MAJID ESKANDARI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Talebi SM, Tabaripour R, Eskandari M. 2019. Analysis of nutlet morphological characteristics of some Iranian Ajuga L. taxa. Biodiversitas 20: 2833-2840. Ajuga is one of the problematic Lamiaceae genera, which naturally grows in different parts of Iran. There are many discussions about infrageneric and infraspecific classifications of the genus and several synonyms were definite for its taxa. In the current study, we evaluated nutlet morphological characteristics from six Iranian taxa of the genus using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Light microscopy (LM). In total, thirteen (four qualitative and nine quantitative) nutlet morphological variables were investigated, and the obtained data were analyzed using MVSP and SPSS software. Quantitative nutlet features varied among the studied taxa and ANOVA test revealed significant variations (P <0.01) for most of them. Moreover, PCA analysis showed some characteristics made more than 60% of variations. Some quantitative characteristics like nutlet and ventral sculpturing shapes were nearly stable among the taxa. But dorsal sculpturing shape and existence of exocarp cell indumentum highly varied among the taxa and could be used as distinguishing traits for identification of taxa. The studied taxa were divided into four groups in UPGMA dendrogram and also PCA and PCO plots of the nutlet features. CA. Joined plot revealed that each group had specific nutlet characteristic (s). Taxa arrangements were not similar to those have been definite for them in Flora Iranica and Flora of Iran. Furthermore, some infraspecific taxa must be redefinite. It is advised to use complementary molecular studies to better clearing species relationship, taxa position and rank in the genus.
Evaluation of plant species suitability for lowland forest landscape restoration in Lepan watersheds, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: SAMSURI SAMSURI , ALFAN GUNAWAN AHMAD  , ANITA ZAITUNAH  , HALIZA KHAIRUNI TAMBUSAI
Published: January 2020

Abstract. Samsuri, Ahmad AG, Zaitunah A, Tambusai HK. 2019. Evaluation of suitability of plant species for lowland forest landscape restoration in Lepan watersheds, Langkat District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 2903-2909. Lepan watersheds have high management priority in North Sumatra due to healthy biophysical, socio-economic conditions and issues. Many human activities, such as conversion of forest land into settlements and oil palm plantations have resulted in decreasing the ecological functions of the forest landscape. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate efforts and actions to preserve the environment in order to prevent further damage. The effort required is to restore the already damaged ecosystem with the cultivation of species of plants in accordance with the land and soil conditions of the Lepan watersheds. Four criteria are used for determining suitable plants that can be planted as well as cultivated by the community. They are plant species found in natural forests, plant species meeting the physical and soil characteristics, plant species cultivated by community and plant species based on community perceptions. Species matching was determined by scoring and weighting method. This study found that the most suitable species for restoration activities based on these four criteria is Pterospermum subpeltatum.
Surgical margins for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours
Authors: Thind A , Patel B , Thind K , Isherwood J , Phillips B , Dhaliwal K , Remoundos DD
Published: January 2020

Background

Phyllodes tumours represent less than 1% of all UK breast neoplasms. Histological features allow classification into benign, borderline or malignant, which has a significant impact on prognosis and recurrence. Currently, there is no consensus for the optimal surgical excision margin. This systematic review aims to provide a comparative summary of outcomes (local recurrence, metastasis and survival) for borderline and malignant phyllodes tumours resected with either ≥1cm or <1cm margins.

Methods

MEDLINE and Embase were systematically searched (1990 to July 2019), in line with PRISMA guidelines. Study quality was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale.

Results

Ten retrospective studies were included (Newcastle–Ottawa scale mean score: 5.6, range: 8–4). Nine reported local recurrence rates, four reported distant metastasis and four reported survival. Meta-analysis pooling demonstrated no statistically significant difference between <1cm and ≥1cm margins in terms of local recurrence rates (relative risk [RR] 1.43, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.70 – 2.93; p=0.33, n=456), distant metastasis (RR 1.93, 95% CI 0.35 – 10.63; p=0.45, n=72) or mortality (RR 1.93, 95% CI 0.42 – 8.77; p=0.40, n=58) for borderline and malignant tumours. Additionally, two studies demonstrated no significant difference in local recurrence for borderline tumours excised with <0.1cm margins compared to ≥1cm.

Conclusion

Current evidence suggests that margins <1cm may provide adequate tumour excision. This could enable breast conservation in patients with smaller breast-to-tumour volume ratios, with improved cosmetic outcomes and patient satisfaction. A prospective, multi-institutional trial would be appropriate to further elucidate the safety of smaller margins.
Fast and non-iterative zonal estimation for the non-rectangular data in the transparent surface reconstruction from polarization analysis
Authors: Sun Zhuang , Qiao Yang , Jiang Zhaoguo , Xu Xiping , Gong Xuanrui , Zhou Jing
Published: January 2020

In the method of surface reconstruction from polarization, the reconstructed area is generally non-rectangular and contains a large number of sampling points. There is a difficulty that the coefficient matrix in front of the height vector changes with the shape of the measured data when using the zonal estimation. The traditional iterative approaches consume more time for the reconstruction of this type of data. This paper presents a non-iterative zonal estimation to reduce the computing time and to accurately reconstruct the surface. The index vector is created according to the positions of both the valid and invalid elements in the difference and gradient matrices. It is used to obtain the coefficient matrix corresponding to the general data. The heights in the non-rectangular area are calculated non-iteratively by the least squares method. At the same time, the sparse matrix is applied for handling the large-scale data quickly. The simulation and the experiment are designed to verify the feasibility of the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method is highly efficient and accurate in the reconstruction of the non-rectangular data.
Optical design and analysis of a two-spherical-mirror-based multipass cell
Authors: Kong Rong , Sun Tao , Liu Peng , Zhou Xin
Published: January 2020

A systematic method for the optical design and analysis of a multipass cell (MPC) with two spherical mirrors is presented. By varying the parameters, including the distance between the mirrors, the position of the incident point, and the incident angles, a variety of dense patterns can be formed on the mirrors. Three MPCs with exemplary patterns of seven circles, rotating triangles, and petals are designed and built. We compare and analyze the parameters of each MPC with respect to the volume, the optical path length (OPL), the number of reflections, and the stability of the final spot position. This new type of MPC exhibits the superior characteristics of compactness, a long effective OPL, and affordable cost, which make it very suitable for applications to trace gas sensing.
Guided terahertz pulse reflectometry with double photoconductive antenna
Authors: Pan Mingming , Cassar Quentin , Fauquet Frédéric , Humbert Georges , Mounaix Patrick , Guillet Jean-Paul
Published: January 2020

Developments toward the implementation of a terahertz pulse imaging system within a guided reflectometry configuration are reported. Two photoconductive antennas patterned on the same LT-GaAs active layer in association with a silica pipe hollow-core waveguide allowed us to obtain a guided optics-free imager. Besides working in a pulsed regime, the setup does not require additional optics to focus and couple the terahertz pulses into the waveguide core, simplifying the global implementation in comparison with other reported guided terahertz reflectometry systems. The system is qualified for imaging purposes by means of a 1951 USAF resolution test chart. An image resolution, after a 53 mm propagation length, by about 0.707 LP/mm over the 400–550 GHz integrated frequency band, was obtained, thus providing a promising basis to pursue efforts toward compact guided pulse imagers for sample inspection within the terahertz range.
Rapid 3D measurement technique for colorful objects employing RGB color light projection
Authors: Wang Jianhua , Zhou Yuguo , Yang Yanxi
Published: January 2020

Three-dimensional (3D) measurement of colorful objects is challenging. As different colors can absorb different wavelengths of projected light, the brightness and contrast of the captured fringe are not uniform when employing single-color light projection, which will lead to measurement error. In this paper, we present a rapid 3D measurement technique for colorful objects employing red, green, and blue (RGB) light projection. According to the research in this paper, for common colors, the pixel with the largest brightness and contrast can be extracted from the three fringes projected by RGB light. Furthermore, we introduce the selection method of exposure time, and then combine the high-speed projection technique with the optimal pixel-extraction algorithm to get the optimal set of fringes for phase calculation. Experiments show that the proposed method improves the measurement accuracy and efficiency.
Production of azimuthally polarized beam with helical phase by use of the axicons and annular glass cylinder
Authors: Rong Zhen-Yu , Zhang Li , Chen Xiao-Yi , Han Yu-Jing
Published: January 2020

In this paper, we proposed a method for producing the azimuthally polarized vector beam experimentally. The experimental setup includes two of the same axicons and one annular glass cylinder. The top angles of the two axicons were placed facing each other and the annular cylinder was set among the two axicons. One circular polarized beam was passed through the first axicon, the annular cylinder, and the second axicon in turn. When the beam incident on the inner surface of the annular cylindrical satisfied the Brewster angle, we obtained the azimuthally polarized beam for the reflected light from the annular cylindrical that only contains the

s

-polarization component. We have derived that the azimuthally polarized vector beam has the helical phase factor with the helical phase factor of

exp

(
−

i

φ
)

for the left circularly polarized beam incident and

exp

(

i

φ
)

for the right circularly polarized beam incident.
Absorption measurements of transparent materials for a visible power laser
Authors: Piombini Hervé , Guediche Amira , Dammame Gilles
Published: January 2020

When high-power lasers are used, the absorption in optical components can lead to distortion and depolarization of a beam, or even damage of components. Photothermal deflection and interferometric calorimetry permit the quantification of the thermal absorption

A
T

of the laser flux in transparent materials by the measurement of the deflection or distortion of a probe beam caused by the propagation of a pump laser in the material. The purpose of this Letter is to provide a method to measure the absorption of a highly transparent material assisted by a thermal modeling.
Instant ghost imaging: improving robustness for ghost imaging subject to optical background noise
Authors: Yang Zhe , Zhang Wei-Xing , Zhang Ma-Chi , Ruan Dong , Li Jun-Lin
Published: January 2020

Ghost imaging (GI) is an imaging technique that uses the second-order correlation between two light beams to obtain the image of an object. However, standard GI is affected by optical background noise, which reduces its practical use. We investigated the robustness of an instant ghost imaging (IGI) algorithm against optical background noise and compare it with the conventional GI algorithm. Our results show that IGI is extremely resistant to spatiotemporally varying optical background noise that can change over a large range. When the noise is large in relation to the signal, IGI will still perform well in conditions that prevent the conventional GI algorithm from generating an image because IGI uses signal differences for imaging. Signal differences are intrinsically resistant to common noise modes, so the IGI algorithm is strongly robust against noise. This research is of great significance for the practical application of GI.
Венгерский мятеж и Суэцкий кризис 1956 г.: пределы и возможности американской дипломатии
Authors: Румянцев Владимир Петрович
Published: January 2020

В истории международных отношений периода «холодной войны» особенно выделяется 1956 г. В этот год параллельно, практически день в день, развивались два острых международных кризиса, один — в Восточной Европе, другой — на Ближнем Востоке. У венгерского мятежа и Суэцкого кризиса были независимые друг от друга причины возникновения. Общим для них было то, что в обоих случаях свою роль сыграла вовлеченность в них Советского Союза и Соединенных Штатов Америки. Степень этой вовлеченности различалась. Для американской политики времен президента Д. Эйзенхауэра характерным были заявления, что успеху американской дипломатии в Венгрии, нацеленной на «отбрасывание коммунизма», якобы, помешала англо-франко-израильская агрессия против Египта, предпринятая ближайшими союзниками США. В статье доказывается, что администрация 34-го президента Соединенных Штатов придерживалась прагматического подхода, не собираясь оказывать помощи венгерским мятежникам, а ограничиваясь пропагандистскими мерами. А гнев лидеров республиканцев в Вашингтоне вызывали возможные последствия тройственной агрессии в отношении кампании по перевыборам Д. Эйзенхауэра в должности президента, но отнюдь не мнимые расчеты на победу мятежников в Венгрии.
Особенности формирования административно-финансовых институтов в Степном крае (60-90-е гг. XIX в.)
Authors: Лысенко Юлия Александровна
Published: January 2020

На основе анализа делопроизводственных документов Министерства финансов, отложившихся в РГИА, анализируется процесс создания административно-финансовый учреждений — казенных палат и казначейств в Степном крае. Выявлено, что с образованием в 1868 г. Западно-Сибирского генерал-губернаторства часть функций финансовых органов была передана Акмолинскому и Семипалатинскому областным правлениям, другая часть — Семипалатинскому и Акмолинскому казначействам, которые подчинялись казенным палатам Тобольской и Томской губерний. После ликвидации Западно-Сибирского и образования Степного генерал-губернаторства в 1882 г., наряду с Семипалатинской и Акмолинской, в его состав вошла Семиреченская область. При этом ее казначейство сохранило подотчетность казенной палате Туркестанского генерал-губернаторства. Сложившаяся ситуация порождала в Степном крае целый спектр проблем в сфере финансового управления и актуализировала создание полноценной системы административно-финансовых органов. На протяжении 60-80-х гг. XIX в. региональные власти неоднократно обращались в Министерство финансов с соответствующими предложениями, но по тем или иным причинам получали отказ. И только при активном и деятельном участии степного генерал-губернатора Г.А. Колпаковского в 1889 г. было принято решение о создании Омской казенной палаты с подчинением ей всех областных казначейств, функционирующих в Степном крае. В 90-е гг. XIX в. в регионе были сформированы и начали действовать уездные казначейства.
On the Issue of the Thermal Emission Cathode Resource on the Oxide Films of Hafnium and Zirconium
Authors: Klochok M. , Popil Y. , Chernyak V. , Iukhymenko V. , Fedirchyk I. , Tkach V.
Published: January 2020

The article shows the results of research on the destruction of the thermionic cathode of an arc plasma torch when inserting hafnium and zirconium along the trace of the spot of a gas-discharge arc by means of electronic metallography with spectral analysis in the control region. The depth of penetration of the spot into the metal of the cathode insert was determined due to the discrete mechanism of action on the metal at the time of attachment. The erosion rate of zirconium oxide films was experimentally established, the extension of the operating life substantiated while mechanisms for its increase were revealed, and two types of arc contact with a hafnium or zirconium insert - the "contracted" and "diffused" ones - were offered. The theoretical operating life of the cathode is calculated.
Hybrid Plasma-Catalytic Reforming of Ethanol into Synthesis Gas: Experiment and Modeling
Authors: Nedybaliuk O. A. , Fedirchyk I. , Chernyak V. , Tereshchenko T. , Tsymbaliuk O. , Demchina V. , Bogaenko M. , Popkov V.
Published: January 2020

Understanding of the plasma-assisted reforming of hydrocarbons requires a combined application of the experimental studies of reforming systems and the kinetics modeling of reforming processes. Experiments were conducted on a system with a wide-aperture rotating gliding discharge with atmospheric air used as a plasma gas. Reforming parameters essential for the kinetics modelling of the reforming process were obtained. The influence of water addition method on the product composition of plasma-catalytic ethanol reforming was investigated.
Parasites Identification and Histopathology Changes on Blood Cookle (Anadara granosa Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Karnisa Yuni , Desrina Desrina , Widowati Ita
Published: January 2020

Blood cockle Anadara granosa is a popular sea food in Indonesia and potential for aquaculture. Currently, blood cockle aquaculture is at early stage, done by taking the larva from wild and raised them in the pond. Wild animal naturally carries parasites without outward clinical signs but can cause disease problem under aquaculture condition.  This study aimed to identify parasites and histopathology changes in wild A. granosa.  Blood cockles (n=90) were randomly collected during 3 months at three stations in the coastal waters of Bedono (Station 1: the intertidal area of the edge near to the mangrove area, station 2: the center of intertidal area, station 3: the area near to the sea), a village located on North Java coast and supplied blood cockle larva to the area. Parasites examination was conducted in the laboratory by macroscopic (observation of clinical symptoms) for ectoparasites and microscopic (using a microscope) for endoparasites. Histopathology preparation was done by taking three cockles at each station and cutting tissue that includes gills, foot, gonads, digestive tract and mantle. Organs were fixed in a 10% NBF solution, processed, mounted in paraffin and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Parasites found were identified and the level of intensity and prevalence were calculated. There were three species of parasites found: Pinnotheres sp. (Intensity 1 ind/cockle; Prevalence: 3.33%), Perkinsus sp. (Intensity: 9.3 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 37.03%), Nematopsis sp. (Intensity: 4.25 cell/cockle; Prevalence: 29.62%). There were no histopathology changes on infected tissues which may relate to low diversity, prevalence and intensity of parasites found in this study.
TEACHER-PUPIL COMMUNICATION IN THE CONTEXT OF BELLES-LETTRES. II YEAR STUDENT'S REFLECTION
Authors: Stępniak Maria
Published: January 2020

The article refers to relations in the process of communication between teacher and students. The author uses classical literature and an expert interview with an experienced school teacher to bring her point across. The author feels that the described issues are of particular significance for beginner pedagogues. Shakespeare's genius gives a broad perspective on the subject of communication, because in both comedies and dramas we observe the importance of the communication aspect, which may be transferred to the relationship between students and the teacher. This gives a broad picture of the possible scenarios that will appear in the teacher's work and allows one to draw conclusions from the heroes' mistakes, which may be identical to those made in the relationships with students.
A drama of selves: Investigating teacher identity development from dialogical and complexity perspectives
Authors: Henry Alastair
Published: January 2020

Identity is of increasing interest in teacher education. Crucial for resilience, the development of a coherent professional identity has been characterized as emerging from tensions between multiple and sometimes conflicting conceptions of what it means to be someone who teaches (Akkerman & Meijer, 2011). While light is being shed on these often antagonistic relations, less is known about the dynamics of identity formation and transformation. Providing a contribution to work on language teacher identity, in this single case study Hermans’ (2008) concept of the dialogical self is combined with complexity principles in an investigation of changes in the emerging professional identity of a pre-service English teacher during a practicum. Drawing on intra- and inter-personal data, experiences of learning to become a person who teaches English are conceptualized as a drama that is played out between different and sometimes unaligned selves. Analyses show how this inner drama maps onto the landscape of an emerging teacher identity, how tensions can be understood systemically, and how a teacher identity system can have a signature dynamic.