bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-term survival after surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus
Authors: Mota Yuliya Stepanivna
Published: February 2021

The aim: to evaluate the long-term survival in patients after surgical management of renal cell carcinoma with venous tumor thrombus.Materials and methods. From 1993 to 2019 88 patients with renal cell carcinoma, complicated by venous tumor thrombus, were observed at the Vascular surgery department of  Lviv Regional Clinical Hospital: 65 (73.9%) men, 23 (26.1%) women, mean age – 58.7 ± 1.9 years. Surgical management  included radical nephrectomy in combination with thrombectomy from inferior vena cava and right atrium.  Kaplan-Meier method  and log-rank test were used for survival analysis.Results and discussion. Long-term survival was evaluated in 78 patients, the median follow-up was 51.6±14.3 months. Cumulative 2-, 5- and 10-year survival rates of patients with renal vein tumor thrombus (78.8%, 48.1%, 37.4%) were significantly higher compared to patients with intraatrial and inferior vena cava tumor thrombus (53.5%, 38.2%, 17.2%) (p<0.05). There was no significant difference in survival among patients with renal cell carcinoma, complicated with tumor venous thrombus, without and with metastases (p>0.05). Regarding to  inferior vena cava tumor thrombus level there also was no significant difference in survival (p>0.05). As for the prognostic value of tumor histological gradation, the overall survival parameters were significantly higher in patients with G1-G2 compared with G3-G4 differentiation degrees of renal cell carcinoma (p<0.05).Conclusions. Radical nephrectomy with thrombectomy from inferior vena cava and right atrium remains the only curative treatment for patients with  renal cell carcinoma and venous tumor thrombus that allows to provide reasonable long-term survival outcomes.
Comprehensive assessment of the premature fetus condition in pregnant women with prelabor rupture of membranes
Authors: Posokhova S. P. , Kucherenko O. U.
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Perinatal hypoxia - ischemia is the cause of 30 - 35% of neonatal fatalities. Inflammatory factors such as prolonged rupture of membranes, maternal fever, are often accompanied by chorioamnionitis, associated with the birth of low Apgar scores children, convulsions of newborns and the diagnosis of "birth asphyxia" in infants who then develop cerebral palsy. The objective: to assess the condition and behavior of the premature fetus in pregnant women with prelabor rupture of membranes Materials and methods. The treatment (main) group (TG) consisted of 80 pregnant women with singleton pregnancies who gave birth to premature infants at gestation 27 + 6 - 34 weeks. The comparison group (CG) included 60 pregnant women at 27 + 6 - 34 weeks of gestation who were hospitalized with spontaneous preterm birth. Ultrasound examination to determine the behavior of the fetus on the scale of the neurological test KANET was performed. Results and discussion. The most common complication was the threat of abortion in the third trimester in CG pregnant women (76.6%), which is 1.3 times more if compared with TG (60%) data. Placental dysfunction and fetal growth retardation were 2 times greater in CG (TG-16.2%, CG-35%). One in five pregnant women in both groups had dehydration, which complicated the fetus’s development and condition. The long anhydrous period of more than 48 hours was in 22 (36.6%) CG pregnant women, which is 10 times more often than in the treatment group. In 7 (11.6%) cases, CG women had chorioamnionitis. KANET neurological test showed that the fetuses of the TG pregnant women with prelabor rupture of memebranes, who underwent neuroprotection with magnesium sulfate in 87.5% of cases showed normal behavior. The fetuses of pregnant women from the CG had normal neurological behavior in only 64.5% of cases , i.e.1.3 times less than in the TG. Conclusions: Prelabor rupture of membranes in premature pregnancy affects the course of pregnancy, leads to premature birth, increases the risk of intrauterine infection, changes the antenatal behavior of the fetus and can lead to hypoxic - ischemic brain damage with subsequent adverse effects.
Complications of implantation of aesthetic foreign bodies depending on their chemical composition
Authors: Bondarenko O. V.
Published: February 2021

The study was aimed to assess the frequency of implantation of aesthetic foreign bodies depending on their chemical compositionThere was demonstrated that 49.4% of patients with complications after auricular piercing have jewelry made of gold and silver, less commonly used titanium. The most common complications for patients wearing silver ear piercing ornaments are atheromas (12,9%), gold - infection (11,8%), for composite alloys – infection and perichondritis (8,6% each) and for titanium – ear laceration and other mechanical defects (7,6%)The highest risk of inflammatory complications was determined for the groups using gold earrings (375 millesimal finenesses) and stainless earrings.
Simultaneous occurrence of C5 vertebral angioma and C5-C6 discopathy and stenosis - case report
Authors: Nowacka Agnieszka , Śniegocki Maciej , Smuczyński Wojciech , Woźniak-Dąbrowska Kamila
Published: February 2021

Introduction. Vertebral angioma is a benign tumor of blood vessels. Since they usually do not cause any pain, they are usually diagnosed by accident while diagnosing other conditions within the spine. In case when pain occurs and persists or even intensifies a vertebroplasty should be performed. Case presentation. A 50-year-old patient admitted to the Neurosurgery Department for surgical treatment of C5 vertebral angioma and C5-C6 stenosis and discopathy. In physical examinations on admission: general condition good, back pain at the lower part of the cervical spine, neck pain radiating to the left upper limb, no sensory disturbance. Based on the clinical symptoms and the MRI image, the patient was qualified for simultaneous surgical decompression of C5-C6 stenosis and C5 vertebroplasty. Because of the C5 vertebral angioma shown in MRI, administration of PMMA was performed in a first step, for vascular coagulation and restoration of C5 vertebral strength, and a discectomy with decompression and implantation of cage at C5-C6 level in a second step. After the surgery the patient's condition improved, pain ailments regressed. Conclusion. The decision and choice of vertebral angiomas treatment must be based both on the clinical symptoms and the MRI image. In case of surgical management of simultaneous occurrence of vertebral angioma and discopathy and stenosis, vertebroplasty should be performed first, followed by decompression and cage implantation.
Historical aspects of public administration in education of Ukraine
Authors: Shorobura Inna Mykhailivna
Published: February 2021

The article covers the historical aspects of public administration in education ofUkraine. The process of transition to another form of education administration was difficult and extended, as there was no experience, conditions and challenging socio-political situation in the country complicated the process. The powers of public self-government bodies are defined by special laws and constituent documents. The combination of state and public administration in education creates public administration that proclaims the priority of the state with the obligatory consideration of public opinion.
Cranioplasty as neurosurgical procedure with potential risk of legal claims
Authors: Siedlecki Zygmunt , Gutkowska Agnieszka , Nowak Karol , Śniegocki Maciej
Published: February 2021

We present the current state of affairs regarding the legal claims of patients after cranioplasty operations who are dissatisfied with the treatment effect and have claims that the perioperative course is unfavorable. In the period of 11 years (2010-2020), 2 legal claims were submitted in our neurosurgical center after cranioplasty. Both are civil claims. One of them about purulent infection of the bone prosthesis was found by the judgment to be unfounded. The second one concerning the alleged general condition deterioration as a consequence of cranioplasty has been declared obsolete. A cranioplasty is a surgical procedure used to correct a defect in a bone of the skull. It is not urgent sugery and is performed in patients who had been previously in serious condition. The same medical staff who previously saved the live of patients by performing brain decompression may be subject of legal claims in the case of cranioplasty. Thus, according to authors, claims of patients regarding the alleged negative effects of cranioplasty is an interesting psychological phenomenon.  Authors epmhasized that cranioplasty should be considered as a procedure of increased risk of potential legal claims for medical staff.
Using It All: Pandemic Living as Data Points for Inquiry
Authors: Frank Andrea
Published: February 2021

In March 2020 schools, businesses, restaurants were first closed down in Maryland, USA. Traffic ceased, as did the hustle of daily motion. The members of the Frank family each responded to the challenge differently, together. How could they use it all to notice what is important, what demands celebration, what is calling for more? Now, after nearly a year of pandemic, the Frank family continues to learn about themselves, one another and their local and global community.
All Things Considered: A Behavioral Approach to Appreciative Inquiry
Authors: Davis Kimberly K.
Published: February 2021

Emotional intelligence scores depend on self-reporting, which can skew the impact determination. In this article, the author argues that this does not mean there is no value in these measures. All three determinants are important for a holistic view of the individual. Behavior, though, can be measured emprically. The principles of applied behavior can be integrated with the principles of AI and help provide a foundation to the performance indicators and inquiry efficacy without changing the spirit of an inquiry.
Sobre os “dízimos” e os “direitos de saída” na São Paulo provincial
Authors: Scacchetti Camila , Galvão Luciana Suarez
Published: February 2021

Por meio do estudo das leis orçamentárias paulistas, dos Relatórios de Presidente de Província e da documentação manuscrita preservada pelo Acervo Histórico da Assembleia Legislativa do Estado de São Paulo, o presente trabalho busca quantificar a trajetória ascendente do “dízimo”, tributo esse posteriormente denominado “direitos de saída”, nas finanças públicas paulistas no decorrer do século XIX. Desta maneira, a metodologia empregada na discussão consiste na análise e mensuração dos “direitos de saída” no cômputo total do orçamento provincial. Em boa medida, é possível traçar um paralelo entre a evolução cafeeira e as expectativas arrecadatórias provenientes do imposto incidente sobre a exportação.
Os agentes não humanos na construção da paisagem da Cidade-Parque: História da arborização de Brasília (1960-1980)
Authors: Pinto Marina Salgado , Franco José Luiz De Andrade
Published: February 2021

O presente artigo explora a influência exercida pelo meio ambiente nos rumos da história de Brasília, a partir de desdobramentos das atividades de arborização da capital federal. A investigação buscou reunir narrativas de periódicos locais, os jornais Correio Braziliense e Jornal de Brasília, acerca do processo de arborização cujos responsáveis eram os funcionários do Departamento de Parques e Jardins, ou DPJ, que atuavam no ambiente local a partir de uma visão utilitarista da natureza e tentativas de controle absoluto. Diante das dificuldades para concluir as atividades de verdejamento da nova capital, o bioma local, o Cerrado, era constantemente apontado pela mídia e pelo DPJ como o verdadeiro obstáculo que deveria ser combatido e modificado por mãos humanas. Após a primeira década desde o início do processo de arborização, houve um evento de desequilíbrio ecológico, na década de 1970, de grandes proporções e com repercussões sociais, políticas e ambientais. As mudanças efetuadas posteriormente nas técnicas de arborização de Brasília romperam, de certa maneira, com o que fora feito desde o ano de inauguração e buscava integrar de forma mais harmoniosa o ecossistema da natureza urbana. Portanto, é possível concluir que as árvores, e outros elementos não humanos atuaram, ao lado de seres humanos, como agentes, em um sentido específico, na construção da história de Brasília.
Can webinars support the implementation of video consultations at pace and scale within the allied health professions?
Authors: Holdsworth Lesley , Provan Debbie , Nash Gail , Beswick Marc , Curran Carol , Colhart Iain , Hunter Ailidh
Published: February 2021

Background/aims

In an attempt to reduce the impact of COVID-19 and support remote working, many allied healthcare professionals were equipped with video consultation technology. To support this new way of working, profession-specific webinars were delivered and attended by over 50% of the total allied healthcare professional workforce in Scotland. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of these webinars on the knowledge and confidence of allied health professionals in delivering services via video conferencing.

Methods

Attendees knowledge and current video conferencing use were ascertained immediately before and after webinars. Surveys were also completed at 4 and 8 weeks after the webinar to establish any impact on clinical practice.

Results

Levels of understanding, knowledge and confidence increased considerably (P<0.001). Follow up at 8 weeks post webinar identified that 75.5% of attendees were using video conferencing, with allied healthcare professional video conferencing activity representing 17% of all national activity by June 2020.

Conclusions

Upskilling a diverse and dispersed workforce at pace and scale to enable safe remote working has been critical throughout the pandemic. Webinars have proven to be popular with staff to increase their knowledge of and ability to confidently use video conferencing to provide allied healthcare professional services across Scotland.
Male body sculpting: an increasing trend in aesthetics and what it means for practitioners
Authors: Glancey Lucy
Published: February 2021

In the past, aesthetic treatments and procedures were considered a female-only domain. However, in recent years, men have increasingly sought out these treatments, and one trend that is on the rise is male body sculpting. Lucy Glancey discusses this procedure and the patient categories in cases where non-surgical treatments may not produce the desired results
‘Rather, ten times, die in the surf, heralding the way to a new world, than stand idly on the shore’: saying goodbye to 2020
Authors: King Sharon
Published: February 2021

In the first issue of the year, Sharon King reflects upon an unforgettable year and its silver linings, as a reminder to be hopeful as vaccines begin to be rolled out across the UK
An Examination of Instructional Autonomy Practices of Science Teachers
Authors: Yolcu Okan , Akar-Vural Ruken
Published: February 2021

Contemporary studies related to teacher autonomy mostly deal with research into how autonomy is perceived by teachers and which variables it is associated with. On the other hand, there are very few studies dealing with how teachers’ instructional autonomy over the curriculum is reflected in the education process. The aim of this study is to reveal in depth the practices carried out in the context of instructional autonomy by science teachers who have different levels of autonomy. The study is based on data gathered from eight teachers employed at different schools in the province of Izmir in Turkey. Interviews, observations and documents were used for collecting the data. The results reveal that while teachers with high instructional autonomy successfully apply contemporary teaching methods, alternative evaluation techniques, high-order thinking skills and effective classroom management, teachers with low instructional autonomy fall short in all of these areas.
Myelomeningocele: A new functional classification
Authors: Dias Luciano S. , Swaroop Vineeta T. , de Angeli Luiz R. A. , Larson Jill E. , Rojas Ana-Marie , Karakostas Tasos
Published: February 2021

Purpose

In myelomeningocele, several classifications have been used. The present manuscript proposes a new functional classification to better assess the prognosis and management of these patients.

Methods

The manual muscle test is what defines the actual group in which the patient should be included. Furthermore, this new classification brings information about the bracing and external supports recommended to each functional level. We also recommend that the patient's Functional Mobility Scale should always be mentioned together with their functional level.

Results

The four levels in this classification are MMFC1, MMFC2, MMFC3 and MMFC4. The MMFC1 group includes patients with significant muscle weakness. They need to use high braces crossing the hip joint with a walker to achieve some ambulation. The MMFC2 group includes patients who have functional hip flexors, knee extensors and knee flexors. However, the hip abductors are quite weak. These patients usually need to use a walker - or crutches - and Ankle-Foot Orthosis (AFOs). The MMFC3 group includes patients with functional hip flexors, knee extensors, knee flexors and hip abductors. However, the ankle plantar flexion function is absent. Most of them are able to walk independently, only using AFOs without any external support. The MMFC4 group includes patients who have preserved function in the entire lower limb musculature. These patients don't need any assistive devices to achieve an adequate ambulation pattern.

Conclusions

We hope that this new classification is a system that is simple to understand, serves as a gait prognosis guide and facilitates communication among healthcare professionals.

Level of evidence

V
Development of a solar/LED lighting system for a plant tissue culture room
Authors: VU Thi Nghiem , TRAN Quoc Tien , TONG Quang Cong , NGUYEN Manh Hieu , KIEU Ngoc Minh , VU Ngoc Hai , VU Hoang , SEOYONG Shin
Published: February 2021

As the green energy, sunlight provides a friendly-environment and reduces electricity used for lighting. Our target is to enhance the use of natural energy and minimize the consumption of electricity for improving indoor environments. For this reason, a hybrid lighting system, combining sunlight with LEDs for plant tissue culture, are presented. The optical fiber daylighting system consists of three main parts: concentration, collimation beam, and transportation. The concentration part is formed by Fresnel lenses to collect and focus the sunlight into a small area by a non-imaging optical effect. The collimation part consists of optical filters and collimator lenses; the optical filters are used to reflect the ultraviolet (UV) and near infrared (NIR) regions, therefore, only the visible range of the solar light can be transmitted. The transportation part is a large-core optical fiber bundle. To increase the coupling efficiency, the collimator lens is used to expand and to collimate the focused light beam. The collimated light beam is then transported by the optical fiber bundle into a plant tissue culture room. In order to keep the plant tissue culture room at a constant illumination, a lighting control system based on LEDs is used to compensate variations of the natural light. In this paper, a prototype of optical fiber daylighting system and our proposed application will be presented.

Ánh sáng mặt trời, một nguồn năng lượng xanh, được sử dụng cho chiếu sáng nhằm mang lại nguồn ánh sáng thân thiện với môi trường và giảm điện năng. Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là tăng cường sử dụng năng lượng tự nhiên và linh kiện tiêu thụ điện thấp để cải thiện môi trường ánh sáng trong nhà và giảm tiêu thụ điện cho chiếu sáng. Vì lý do này, một hệ thống chiếu sáng kết hợp ánh sáng mặt trời với đèn LED để nuôi cấy mô thực vật sẽ được trình bày. Hệ thống chiếu sáng ban ngày bằng sợi quang bao gồm ba phần chính:Bộ phận thu nhận và hội tụ ánh sáng, bộ phận chuẩn trực chùm sáng và bộ phận vận chuyển ánh sáng mặt trời tới nơi cần chiếu sáng. Phần tập trung được hình thành bởi một thấu kính Fresnel để thu thập và hội tụ ánh sáng mặt trời vào một vùng nhỏ bằng hiệu ứng quang học không tạo ảnh. Bộ phận chuẩn trực chumg sáng bao gồm bộ lọc quang học và thấu kính chuẩn trực. Bộ phận vận chuyển là các bó sợi quang lõi lớn. Bộ lọc quang học được sử dụng để phản xạ vùng cực tím (UV) và vùng hồng ngoại gần (NIR), chỉ cho phần ánh sáng nhìn thấy truyền qua. Để tăng hiệu quả ghép nối, thấu kính chuẩn trực được sử dụng để mở rộng và chuẩn trực chùm ánh sáng hội tụ. Chùm sáng chuẩn trực sau đó được vận chuyển bởi bó sợi quang vào phòng nuôi cấy mô thực vật. Để giữ cho phòng nuôi cấy mô thực vật được chiếu sáng liên tục, một hệ thống điều khiển ánh sáng dựa trên đèn LED để bù lại sự biến đổi của ánh sáng tự nhiên. Trong bài báo này, một nguyên mẫu của hệ thống chiếu sáng ban ngày bằng sợi quang và ứng dụng đề xuất của hệ thống sẽ được trình bày.
Educar en Derechos Humanos: orientaciones del Derecho internacional e implementación en la educación superior
Authors: Bellver Capella Vicente
Published: February 2021

La Declaración Universal de Derechos Humanos considera que uno de los objetivos de la educación es “el fortalecimiento del respeto a los derechos humanos”. Tras la Conferencia de Viena de Derechos Humanos, Naciones Unidas y otras agencias intergubernamentales de alcance regional vienen impulsando la Educación en Derechos Humanos (EDH). En este trabajo se hace un repaso histórico de las principales iniciativas a nivel internacional dedicados a la EDH. Se presta especial atención a las políticas y normas aprobadas por Naciones Unidas y el Consejo de Europa. Finalmente se reflexiona sobre la importancia y dificultades poner en marcha la EDH en el ámbito de la educación superior.
Educar para la Democracia
Authors: Bueno Salinas Marta
Published: February 2021

El avance del Neoliberalismo (impulsor de un individualismo a ultranza) incide negativamente en las sociedades democráticas al desestabilizarlas aprovechando la progresiva pérdida de valores compartidos. Frente a ello, se defiende la vuelta a una educación que apueste en todos los niveles educativos por las humanidades como base para la formación de ciudadanos libres. Concretamente, la última reforma universitaria española, aunque empezó a esbozarlo, perdió la oportunidad de avanzarse a la meta 7ª del objetivo 4 de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible – Agenda 2030.
Ética y experiencia universitaria: el papel de la libertad de cátedra en el aprendizaje ético y sus amenazas
Authors: Ramírez García Hugo Saúl
Published: February 2021

La hipótesis que se pretende demostrar en este trabajo es que la autocensura, motivada por lo políticamente correcto, puede obstaculizar el ejercicio la libertad de cátedra y en ese sentido limitar el papel que actualmente se reconoce al docente a favor del aprendizaje ético de los alumnos. Con este objetivo se examina a la universidad como ambiente propicio para el aprendizaje ético y el papel del docente dentro de ésta. En torno a este último punto me planteo una respuesta para la pregunta ¿a partir de qué posición debe el docente abordar las cuestiones socialmente controvertidas en un aula universitaria? y, finamente, se reflexionó sobre el valor práctico de la libertad de cátedra y su relación con la corrección política.
IVRA: Romanas, visigodas y bizantinas. Una experiencia de innovación docente en clave de género
Authors: Bravo Bosch Mª José , Ortuño Pérez Mª Eugenia , Valmaña Ochaíta Alicia , Vizcaíno Sánchez Jaime , Rodríguez López Rosalía , Ruíz Valderas Mª Elena , Salazar Revuelta María , Vallejo Pérez Gema , Osaba García Mª Esperanza
Published: February 2021

La experiencia que se presenta pretende, por un lado, cubrir la necesidad de crear unos materiales docentes en los que la transversalidad, la interdisciplinariedad y las competencias de género y ciudadanía fueran su hilo conductor con la finalidad de que se pudieran utilizar en los estudios jurídicos y, en especial, en el marco de las asignaturas relacionadas con el Derecho Romano. Por otra parte, pretende ser una experiencia en innovación docente, que ha derivado en la realización de investigación científica sobre la materia.  Todo ello se ha llevado a cabo por un grupo esencialmente de profesoras de carácter interuniversitario y multidisciplinar. Además, la transferencia de resultados obtenidos ha sobrepasado el ámbito universitario para llegar a la sociedad en general.
Historia del acceso de las mujeres a la Universidad española. Medidas e instrumentos para erradicar las brechas de género entre el personal docente investigador
Authors: Mellado García Anna María
Published: February 2021

En este estudio se pretende analizar las brechas de género y las discriminaciones por razón de sexo existentes en la Universidad española y su repercusión entre el personal docente investigador. Acceder a cursar estudios superiores, investigar o impartir docencia en la universidad fue un proceso largo y difícil de superar para las mujeres en España hasta bien entrado el siglo XX. Aún hoy en día, diversos estudios de la Unión Europea evidencian que el techo de cristal en la Educación Superior es una discriminación común en todos los Estados miembros. En España, el estudio con perspectiva de género sobre las condiciones laborales del profesorado docente investigador pone de relieve que persisten brechas de género difíciles de erradicar. La negociación colectiva y la integración de la perspectiva de género en la política universitaria constituyen instrumentos y medidas de mejora fundamentales para la eliminación de las desigualdades de género.
La enseñanza derecho civil a través del elemento audiovisual en titulaciones no jurídicas: una innovación docente en la Universitat Politècnica de València
Authors: Ramón Fernández Francisca
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo reflexiona sobre la metodología para enseñar derecho en una Universidad técnica, en concreto en la Universitat Politècnica de València (España). Más allá de la clase magistral tradicional, nos adentramos en otras fórmulas introduciendo las nuevas tecnologías de la información y comunicación (TICs) para fomentar el aprendizaje y comprensión del estudiante. Se explica la experiencia realizada con un episodio de una serie de ficción para la resolución de un caso práctico jurídico en la asignatura de legislación patrimonial, que se imparte en el Máster Universitario en Conservación y Restauración de Bienes Culturales, en la Facultad de Bellas Artes, de Valencia. El perfil del alumnado es con escasos o nulos conocimientos jurídicos, y se trata de explicar conceptos jurídicos mínimos que les pueden servir en la práctica profesional como futuro conservador o restaurador de bienes culturales. Se concluye con el análisis de la encuesta realizada por los alumnos, en la que reflejan su percepción sobre la experiencia, y la utilización de diferentes competencias transversales aplicables. Se formulan cinco preguntas siguiendo la escala de Likert; una pregunta para señalar qué competencia se aplica de las 13 indicadas, y una pregunta abierta sobre propuestas de mejora. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la valoración positiva del alumnado en la utilización del elemento audiovisual en el aula, así como su consideración como recurso adecuado para la enseñanza de conceptos jurídicos en titulaciones universitarias no jurídicas.
El desarrollo de las competencias orales en el Grado en Derecho a través de la participación en competiciones de arbitraje (moot courts)
Authors: Madalina Boboc Silvia , Vicente Mampel Ciara
Published: February 2021

En el marco del proceso de aprendizaje basado en competencias y su implantación en el Grado en Derecho de la Universitat Jaume I, la Competición Internacional de Arbitraje y Derecho Mercantil (en adelante, MOOTmadrid), organizada por la Universidad Carlos III de Madrid y la Comisión de las Naciones Unidas para el Derecho Mercantil Internacional (CNUDMI/UNCITRAL) constituye una herramienta didáctica adecuada para la adquisición o el desarrollo de algunas de las competencias propias de la titulación, entre las que ocupan un lugar destacado las competencias orales. Así, el presente artículo analiza el desarrollo de la capacidad oral a través de la participación de los estudiantes en la simulación de procedimientos arbitrales, utilizando para ello un cuestionario de opinión de elaboración propia, para realizar a continuación propuestas de mejora en la metodología docente con el fin de potenciar el apropiado desarrollo de dichas competencias de cara a ediciones futuras de la competición.
Reflexiones acerca de una experiencia de “gamificación” en Derecho mercantil dentro del grado de ADE de la Universitat de Barcelona
Authors: Jiménez Cardona Noemí
Published: February 2021

El presente artículo centra su atención en la experiencia docente (innovación) que, como profesora e investigadora de la Sección de Derecho Mercantil del Departamento de Derecho Privado de la Universitat de Barcelona, he desarrollado en la disciplina de Derecho Mercantil del Grado de ADE, impartido en la Facultad de Economía y Empresa, a lo largo del curso académico 2018-2019. Dicha experiencia tiene que ver con la utilización puntual, en cuanto complemento de las clases teórico-expositivas, de diferentes técnicas de “gamificación”. La aplicación de estos recursos a través de la introducción de las dinámicas y componentes de los juegos, junto con el trabajo en equipo, ha resultado especialmente útil en orden a corregir la tradicional desmotivación de parte del estudiantado en el aula, su falta de asistencia a clase, o la ausencia de implicación real de los estudiantes universitarios en un proceso de aprendizaje en el que no solo el papel protagonista debe ser compartido entre el profesor y el estudiantado, sino en el que también resulta obligado afrontar su formación tanto en contenidos como en competencias y habilidades profesionales.
The primary legal role of the United Nations on international Tax Cooperation and Global Tax Governance: Going on a new International Organization on Global Tax Cooperation and Governance under the UN “Family”(*)
Authors: Andrés Aucejo Eva
Published: February 2021

This study will prove useful in expanding our understanding of the United Nations as the body with capacity, suitability, and competence to assume the role of governing and carrying out a global design of the Global Tax Governance architecture, as well as s well as to establish the bases, principles and areas of international tax cooperation. Public International Law rules and general “Principles and Purposes” of the Global Legal Order have been extrapolated to international tax law to achieve this conclusion. Furthermore, we propose the creation of an international organization on International Fiscal Cooperation and Global Fiscal Governance within the UN family itself.International tax cooperation is a crucial instrument to enhance domestic public resources and to avoid international tax fraud fighting against the flow of illicit capital, as stated in the Addis Ababa Action Agenda, in accordance with the provisions of the 2030 Agenda of United Nations, Monterrey Consensus and Doha Declaration. Nowadays, after the covid-19 pandemic, it is an unquestionable necessity.
La cooperación internacional en la lucha contra la evasión y fraude fiscal internacional, como fuente de financiación del desarrollo sostenible
Authors: Marcelino Junior Jorge
Published: February 2021

La importancia de la lucha contra la evasión y el fraude fiscal es esencial con el fin de lograr el cumplimiento de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, que también han venido a ser recogidos en la Agenda 2030.Con este fin, en primer lugar, se expone la trascendencia y ubicación de la fiscalidad dentro de los ODS. A continuación, se analiza, sobretodo desde el punto de vista doctrinal, la actual problemática conceptual de la evasión y la elusión fiscal, de cuándo nos encontramos ante una situación lícito o ilícita en el momento que se trata de evadir o eludir una obligación tributaria. Finalmente, se exponen pormenorizadamente las principales medidas internas de lucha contra la evasión fiscal.A partir de todo lo anterior, en el presente artículo se concluye sobre la importancia de la recaudación tributaria y el establecimiento de políticas fiscales para conseguir los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible a escala mundial. En este sentido, se pone en relieve la importancia de establecer una cooperación entre los países desarrollados y menos desarrollados con el fin de conseguir combatir la evasión fiscal a nivel internacional generando más financiación pública para todos los países, particularmente a los más pobres que son los más afectados. En consecuencia, habría menos desigualdad social y una mejor redistribución de las riquezas. De allí, la importancia de la reforma de los sistemas tributarios y la armonización de las políticas fiscales que permitan paliar la evasión y la planificación fiscal agresiva.
Teoría de sesgos en el sistema educativo de la democracia del siglo XXI Nuevas garantías para la libertad de pensamiento, el “Derecho a no ser engañados”
Authors: González de la Garza Luís Miguel
Published: February 2021

La forma en la que la mente humana procesa la información es un aspecto fundamental de nuestra manera de aproximarnos a la realidad, íntimamente conectado con lo anterior se encuentra el problema de cuando la mente humana procesa esa información de forma errónea o defectuosa como consecuencia del procesamiento de esta a través de los sesgos cognitivos que nos caracterizan. Los sesgos cognitivos juegan un papel fundamental en nuestra visión de la realidad, del mundo que nos rodea y, por ello, su identificación es fundamental para prevenir los peores efectos de tales sesgos sobre el procesamiento de la información y los efectos que esas distorsiones de procesamiento pueden tener sobre nosotros. El conocimiento de los sesgos o de las heurísticas debería formar parte de la educación de las personas en los currículos formativos, si bien, es importante determinar el momento en el que esa educación debe incorporarse a la formación de los jóvenes. La formación de la ciudadanía en nuestras modernas democráticas de información debe conocer las fuentes de distorsión autónoma de procesamiento de la información que depende de nuestra propia naturaleza humana y evolutiva para poder así desarrollar estrategias que prevengan, en la medida de lo posible, tales errores, en muchos casos catastróficos, y que pueden conducir a sociedades mejor adaptadas para comprender y razonar en entornos cada vez más complejos y exigentes.
Tecnología de verificación de identidad y control en exámenes online
Authors: Martínez Martínez Ricard
Published: February 2021

Las tecnologías de reconocimiento facial para la verificación de identidad y de control del acceso al espacio virtual para el desarrollo de exámenes inciden muy directamente sobre los derechos del estudiante. Su implementación y uso, implica un tratamiento de datos biométricos particularmente exigido en términos de cumplimiento normativo por el Reglamento General de Protección de Datos. En ambos casos, es necesario asegurar el debido equilibrio entre los derechos del estudiante y la garantía del derecho de la institución universitaria de articular procesos de verificación de los conocimientos que eviten el fraude.
Self-Determination Assessment in Adults With and Without Intellectual Disability
Authors: Shogren Karrie A. , Rifenbark Graham G. , Hagiwara Mayumi
Published: February 2021

This article analyzes the reliability and factor structure of the Self-Determination Inventory: Adult Report (SDI:AR) in adults with and without intellectual disability. There is a critical need for contemporary assessment tools given the emphasis on self-determination outcomes in disability supports and services. The findings suggest that the same set of items can be used across adults with and without intellectual disability. However, there are significant differences in overall self-determination across adults with and without intellectual disability, with adults with intellectual disability scoring lower on the SDI:AR. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Ads for Forever Families: How Public Service Advertising Portrays Adoptive Parents and Children
Authors: Carter Jackson E. , Wen Taylor Jing
Published: February 2021

Abstract: There is a dearth of research regarding family adoption in the advertising field, neglecting a highly important topic that is often relegated to the margins of communication research. Grounded in social learning theory and framing theory, this study uses a textual analysis to examine persuasive appeals, dominant frames, and media representations in public service announcements focused on the adoption of children from foster care. Findings suggest that the messages broadcast to viewers paint a portrait of the foster care system that is not representative and could potentially discourage some would-be parents from adopting. This research looks to inform social work professionals and advertising practitioners about how to strategize and then shape future campaigns that encourage system support.
Virtual Colloquium: Leading Practitioners Reflect on Race/Ethnicity/Diversity in the Advertising Industry
Authors: DeVeaux Tara , Imada Bill , Maldonado Louis , Round Cynthia , Timke Edward
Published: February 2021

Abstract: Advertising & Society Quarterly held its fourth annual Colloquium on December 3–4, 2020. During this virtual event, three panels approached the topic of race/ethnicity/diversity in advertising from different angles. This article presents the colloquium's second session featuring industry leaders discussing how they took concerns about race/ethnicity/diversity into account in their recent COVID-19 public service announcement (PSA) work. Tara DeVeaux of Wild Card and 3AM describes two ideas that drove the work on the "You Will See Me" campaign: Black excellence in coming together as a community and Black folks being able to be heard by speaking up for themselves. Bill Imada details the origins and impact of the #WashTheHate campaign encouraging hand washing and fighting against anti-Asian bias, hate, and harassment. Louis Maldonado addresses how his agency created a mask promotion PSA for Latino communities by using imagery of mask-wearing Lucha Libre wrestlers and a culturally important phrase emphasizing Latinos' strength in facing adversity. Maldonado also explains the difference among the terms Hispanic, Latino , and Latinx as well as when they are best used.
Author Meets Critics: Race in the Marketplace: Crossing Critical Boundaries
Authors: Harrison Anthony Kwame , Johnson Guillaume D. , Dhillon-Jamerson Komal K. , Thomas Kevin D. , Steinfield Laurel , Wherry Frederick F. , Timke Edward
Published: February 2021

Abstract: This Author Meets Critics conversation focuses on Sonya Grier, Anthony Kwame Harrison, Guillaume D. Johnson, and Kevin D. Thomas' edited volume Race in the Marketplace: Crossing Boundaries (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019). Several of the book's editors and a chapter contributor meet with marketing, sociology, and history experts to discuss the following topics: the importance of interdisciplinary collaboration; the application of critical theory; race, racism, and the non-neutral marketplace; how the book crosses many disciplinary and theoretical boundaries; how and why the volume is vital to understanding the rise in public awareness about race in 2020; the dearth of academic publishing about consumers of color; the centrality of marketplace transactions; cautions about fully embracing the state to solve societal problems related to race; intersectionality; biases in academic publishing; the need to create more awareness of racial issues among White scholars; exhaustion that comes in researching and talking about race issues, especially for scholars and students of color; the need to sustain research about race in the marketplace; the relationship between consumers and producers; advice to professors teaching about race; and advice to industry practitioners.
Modulation dynamics of atomic Rydberg excitation in strong-field tunneling ionization
Authors: Xin Peipei , Qiu Tianhui , Chen Libo , Ma Hongyang , Liu Hongping
Published: February 2021

We theoretically investigate the modulation structures of atomic Rydberg excitation in tunneling ionization and show its various features with diversity of population amplitude as a function of laser peak intensity. Simulating by the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we find that the distribution of bound states with low-lying principal quantum number

n

tends to be dominant on total excitation probability with opposite phase compared with other higher

n

states. At the same time, a well-defined parity angular momentum state makes the main contribution under one certain laser intensity. This Rydberg residual population effect of a rare-gas atom surviving from the laser field is elaborated by the repopulation of Rydberg states via

Λ

-type Raman transitions joining with a low-energy free electron, which confirms that multiphoton resonance exists in the tunneling regime. It helps in understanding the peak structures of the excited state population quantitatively as well as the atomic stabilization established in the tunneling regime. A physical scenario is also established for the role of Rydberg atom radial size in the ionization.
Probabilistic shaping and forward error correction scheme employing uneven segmentation mapping for data center optical communication
Authors: Jing Zexuan , Tian Qinghua , Xin Xiangjun , Wang Yongjun , Wang Xishuo , Gao Ran , Guo Dong , Wang Fu , Tian Feng , Zhang Qi
Published: February 2021

The combination of probabilistic shaping (PS) technology and forward error correction (FEC) technology can significantly boost the performance of a transmission system. In this paper, we propose a probabilistic shaping distribution matching algorithm employing uneven segmentation for data center optical networks, while keeping extremely low computational complexity for both encoding and decoding. Based on the proposed probabilistic shaping distribution matching algorithm, we develop a novel integrated scheme of PS and FEC coding that lifts the restrictions on the use of FEC technology and increases the use of interleaver. An experiment used to evaluate the probabilistically shaped data transmission is successfully conducted over a 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SSMF) with 16 quadrature amplitude modulation (16-QAM). Simultaneously, we use a simulation software to analyze the bit error rate performance at higher resolution. The results show that the joint coding scheme can achieve a 0.4dB performance improvement compared with the single FEC system.
Color three-dimensional imaging based on patterned illumination using a negative pinhole array
Authors: Kim Chang-Soo , Kim Junyoung , Yoo Hongki
Published: February 2021

Reflectance confocal microscopy is widely used for non-destructive optical three-dimensional (3D) imaging. In confocal microscopy, a stack of sequential two-dimensional (2D) images with respect to the axial position is typically needed to reconstruct a 3D image. As a result, in conventional confocal microscopy, acquisition speed is often limited by the rate of mechanical scanning in both the transverse and axial directions. We previously reported a high-speed parallel confocal detection method using a pinhole array for color 3D imaging without any mechanical scanners. Here, we report a high-speed color 3D imaging method based on patterned illumination employing a negative pinhole array, whose optical characteristics are the reverse of the conventional pinhole array for transmitting light. The negative pinhole array solves the inherent limitation of a conventional pinhole array, i.e., low transmittance, meaning brighter color images with abundant color information can be acquired. We also propose a 3D image processing algorithm based on the 2D cross-correlation between the acquired image and filtering masks, to produce an axial response. By using four-different filtering masks, we were able to increase the sampling points in calculation of height and enhance the lateral resolution of the color acquisition by a factor of four. The feasibility of high-speed non-contact color 3D measurement with the improved lateral resolution and brightness provided by the negative pinhole array was demonstrated by imaging various specimens. We anticipate that this high-speed color 3D measurement technology with negative pinhole array will be a useful tool in a variety of fields where rapid and accurate non-contact measurement are required, such as industrial inspection and dental scanning.
High-order orbital angular momentum generation in a helically twisted pig-nose-shaped core microstructured optical fiber
Authors: Cui Mingjie , Mo Zhifeng , Zhao Nan , Xia Changming , Hou Zhiyun , Zhou Guiyao
Published: February 2021

We propose a helically twisted pig-nose-shaped core microstructured optical fiber (HPC-MOF) for orbital angular momentum (OAM) mode generation. It comprises seven air-hole rings hexagonally arranged with two air holes and one air-hole ring replaced, forming two cores in a line 3 µm from the fiber center and one ring-shaped core. The fiber is helically twisted along the rotation axis. In this fiber, supermodes in inner dual-core can be coupled to high-order modes in outer ring-core, yielding OAM ring-shaped modes at different certain wavelengths, and various OAM modes at different twist rates were investigated in this paper. We demonstrate the distinct coupling differences of symmetric and antisymmetric supermodes in inner dual-core when the supermode coupled to ring-core mode. A modal matching rule is presented to characterize the coupling differences, which is suitable for describing supermode coupling characteristics in HPC-MOFs. Compared to conventional methods, these properties indicate that the fiber can generate higher-order OAM modes and more easily integrate into all-fiber optical communication systems, with potential in OAM generators, light-controlling devices, and integrated optics applications.
Highly-efficient terahertz emission from hydrogen-bonded single molecular crystal 4-nitro-2,5-bis(phenylethynyl)aniline
Authors: Sotome Masato , Ogaki Takuya , Takimiya Kazuo , Ogawa Naoki
Published: February 2021

We report terahertz electromagnetic wave emission by optical rectification from hydrogen-bonded single molecular crystal 4-nitro-2,5-bis(phenylethynyl)aniline designed to be polar via the hydrogen bonding between nitroaniline cores. The terahertz emission efficiency is comparable to the representative inorganic terahertz emitter ZnTe. We show terahertz emission characteristics, optical spectrum, and theoretical molecular orbital calculations. Another three kinds of nitroaniline-based organic molecules are revealed to form polar crystal structure, and they have large hyperpolarizabilities and have potential for terahertz photonics.
Simultaneous gain profile design and noise figure prediction for Raman amplifiers using machine learning
Authors: de Moura Uiara Celine , Rosa Brusin Ann Margareth , Carena Andrea , Zibar Darko , Da Ros Francesco
Published: February 2021

A machine learning framework predicting pump powers and noise figure profile for a target distributed Raman amplifier gain profile is experimentally demonstrated. We employ a single-layer neural network to learn the mapping from the gain profiles to the pump powers and noise figures. The obtained results show highly accurate gain profile designs and noise figure predictions, with a maximum error on average of

∼
0.3

d
B

. This framework provides a comprehensive characterization of the Raman amplifier and thus is a valuable tool for predicting the performance of next-generation optical communication systems, expected to employ Raman amplification.
Light scattering from stationary PT-symmetric collections of particles
Authors: Korotkova Olga , Brandão Paulo A.
Published: February 2021

A potential scattering theory from parity–time (

P

T

) collections of particles with gain and loss is introduced, and the forms of their structure and pair-structure factors are elucidated. An example relating to light scattering from a random distribution of a pair of particles with gain and loss is considered.