bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fuel Consumption Models for Tractor Test Reports
Authors: Kocher Michael F. , Smith Bryan J. , Hoy Roger M. , Woldstad Jeffrey C. , Pitla Santosh K.
Published: July 2017

Abstract.

Five models for estimating fuel consumption for agricultural tractors with partial drawbar loads were compared. Data were collected from eight John Deere tractors, JD 7230R (e23), 7250R (e23), 7270R (e23), 7290R (e23), 8320R (16 speed), 7290R (IVT), 8345RT (IVT), 8370R (IVT), on the drawbar test track at the Nebraska Tractor Test Lab. The tractors were tested with seven load levels per speed at three different travel speeds as close as possible to 7.5, 10, and 13 km h-1. The IVT tractors were operated in auto mode, and the geared tractors were shifted up three gears and throttled back to the same travel speeds as obtained with the original gear (before shifting up) at maximum drawbar power. The seven loads were selected at 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 75%, and 80% of the drawbar pull at maximum power and rated engine speed at the selected travel speed. Model 1 (fuel consumption as a linear function of drawbar power on concrete), currently used in OECD Code 2, Section 4.4.8, resulted in a separate equation for each speed tested. When regression mean square errors were used for statistical comparison of the five fuel consumption models, model 5 (fuel consumption as a linear function of drawbar power and travel speed on concrete, and engine speed) was not significantly different from the model currently used in OECD Code 2, Section 4.4.8 (model 1, fuel consumption as a linear function of drawbar power on concrete, with separate equations specific to the three speeds tested). The simplest model (model 2), which used a single equation for fuel consumption as a linear function of drawbar power on concrete over the range of speeds tested, had significantly higher regression mean square errors compared to model 1 for half of the eight tractors tested. Model 5 (fuel consumption as a linear function of drawbar power and travel speed on concrete, and engine speed) was determined to be the best of the five models for estimating fuel consumption, with a single equation applicable over the range of speeds tested. Model 3 (fuel consumption as a linear function of drawbar power and travel speed on concrete) provided a statistically equivalent fuel consumption estimate to model 5 without the drawback of requiring an input value for engine speed. Keywords: Drawbar power, Engine speed, Fuel consumption, Model, Partial drawbar loads, Tractors, Travel speed.
Cooperativas No Agropecuarias. Desafíos e Impactos para el Desempeño Socio-Productivo y el Desarrollo Local en el Contexto de Actualización del Modelo Económico Cubano
Authors: Euclides Catá Guilarte  , Osnaide Izquierdo Quintana
Published: July 2017

La conformación y desarrollo de las cooperativas no agropecuarias constituye uno de los procesos más novedosos dentro de la llamada Actualización del Modelo Económico cubano. Al mismo tiempo, su desarrollo actual, a partir de las contradicciones inherentes a la implementación desde los actores decisores y los procesos estructurales y normativos que le deben dar sustento como Forma de Gestión de la Propiedad y el Trabajo parecen estar retando su capacidad para incorporarse efectivamente a uno de los presupuestos centrales de la Actualización, el desarrollo local. El presente artículo propone un acercamiento a esta realidad desde el análisis del funcionamiento y proyecciones de algunas cooperativas en la Habana.
Cuba's Energy Revolution and 2030 Policy Goals: More Penetration of Renewable Energy in Electricity Generation
Authors: Mario Alberto Arrastía-Avila  , Lisa M. Glidden
Published: July 2017

Cuba has been remarkably successful at revitalising its energy sector over the last two decades, significantly increasing efficiency and reducing energy intensity and emissions. This article analyses those successes and looks at the policy challenges ahead for Cuba to achieve its 2030 energy policy goals. We argue the nascent success of the 2006 Energy Revolution is due to its comprehensive approach, targeting infrastructure, consumption habits and people's understanding of energy issues. We then examine some of Cuba's current energy challenges, presenting data on Cuba's energy mix as of 2014. We analyse the country's proposed energy policy to achieve 24% penetration of renewable energies in electricity generation by 2030. The Cuban government has an array of policy tools, from stimulating domestic production to changing foreign investment regulations, in order to achieve its goals. One of the most significant recent policy shifts includes the External Investment Law, which creates a regulatory framework and policies, including ones to utilise and develop perspectives of renewable sources of energy that will help to expedite the path toward a diverse energy mix with a large presence of renewables.
Clerics, laymen and cinema: The troubled relations between the Vatican and the Office Catholique International du Cinéma (1948–52)
Authors: Boes Lieven , Engelen Leen , Winkel Roel Vande
Published: July 2017

The Office Catholique International du Cinéma (OCIC), founded in 1928, established itself as an influential institution that played an important role in setting the Catholic agenda with regards to cinema during an existence that spanned more than 70 years (1928–2001). OCIC derived its influence primarily by maintaining an intermediate position between its national member organizations and the Vatican. This intermediary position, however, was not built overnight. This article looks into the late 1940s and 1950s, when OCIC had to reassert its relevance in the post-war field of Catholic cinema and rebuilding its relationship with the Vatican was crucial to this endeavour. This article investigates this process, making use of the OCIC archives (KADOC, Leuven University) as well as documents related to the Italian Catholic Action, made available through the project ‘I cattolici e il cinema in Italia tra gli anni ‘40 e gli anni ‘70’ of the Università degli Studi di Milano.
Improved Geometric Modeling of 1960s KH-5 ARGON Satellite Images for Regional Antarctica Applications
Authors: Ye Wenkai , Qiao Gang , Kong Fansi , Ma Xuwen , Tong Xiaohua , Li Rongxing
Published: July 2017

Long-term observations of the Antarctic ice sheet will contribute to a quantitative evaluation and precise prediction of the sea level change induced by global changes in climate. This paper proposes an improved rigorous geometric modeling method for the declassified KH-5
ARGON satellite images collected in Antarctica in 1960s. The scanned film images are preprocessed beforehand to enhance the quality for further analysis. Systematic errors such as lens distortion and atmospheric refraction are also considered and corrected. A scheme is proposed
to measure the ground control points for the historical images based on modern image mosaic and DEM products. The bundle adjustment results of four blocks in regions in East Antarctica present a geometric positioning accuracy of less than one nominal pixel resolution
(140 m) in both horizontal and vertical directions, outperforming the published results. A regional DEM of the ice sheet that represents the topography in 1963 is then generated from the stereo ARGON images for the first time, the evaluation
of which shows its consistency with the modern product but with great value for studying the recent change history of the ice sheet.
Identification Odor Compounds Emitted During the Heating of Molding Sands
Authors: Faber J. , Perszewska K.
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the results of analyzes of gases emitted during exposure to high temperature foundry molding sands, where binders are organic resins. As a research tool has been used special gas chromatograph designed to identify odorous compounds including the group of alkanes.
Conditions of Thermal Reclamation Process Realization on a Sample of Spent Moulding Sand from an Aluminum Alloy Foundry Plant
Authors: Łucarz M. , Dereń M.
Published: July 2017

The results of investigations of thermal reclamation of spent moulding sands originating from an aluminum alloy foundry plant are presented in this paper. Spent sands were crushed by using two methods. Mechanical fragmentation of spent sand chunks was realized in the vibratory reclaimer REGMAS. The crushing process in the mechanical device was performed either with or without additional crushing-grinding elements. The reclaimed material obtained in this way was subjected to thermal reclamations at two different temperatures. It was found that a significant binder gathering on grain surfaces favors its spontaneous burning, even in the case when a temperature lower than required for the efficient thermal reclamation of furan binders is applied in the thermal reclaimer. The burning process, initiated by gas burners in the reclaimer chamber, generates favorable conditions for self-burning (at a determined amount of organic binders on grain surfaces). This process is spontaneously sustained and decreases the demand for gas. However, due to the significant amount of binder, this process is longer than in the case of reclaiming moulding sand prepared with fresh components.
Environmental Protection Versus Foundry Engineering Practice
Authors: Maj M. , Werrtz J. , Piekło J.
Published: July 2017

• Theory and practice of environmental protection in the case of foundries in Europe and Asia • Experience resulting from the cooperation with the foundries in a few European countries, China and India • Phenomena and factors affecting the pollution of the natural environment and the implementation of measures aiming at the environmental protection. Every specialist dealing with foundry processes and their impact on environmental pollution must have encountered in their professional careers numerous situations in which the theory of environmental protection confronts the stark reality. The discrepancy between theory and practice can particularly be noticed in foundry engineering in developing countries where the contrasts between different countries and casting plants are extremely striking. The comparison of working conditions in European and Asian foundries provides a vast scope for further observations and analyses. Environmental protection seems not only a concern of manufacturers of castings, but also of their customers whose opinion exerts a significant influence on both the acceptability of working conditions and on the approach to environmental pollution adopted in metal casting industry. The article presents a number of examples of various outlooks on environmental issues in foundries manufacturing a wide range of cast steel and cast iron castings, where different technologies and production processes are applied.
Resistance of WE43 and ZRE1 Magnesium Alloys to Gas Corrosion
Authors: Przeliorz R. , Piątkowski J.
Published: July 2017

In spite of the fact that in most applications, magnesium alloys are intended for operation in environments with room temperature, these alloys are subject to elevated temperature and oxidizing atmosphere in various stages of preparation (casting, welding, thermal treatment). At present, the studies focus on development of alloys with magnesium matrix, intended for plastic forming. The paper presents results of studies on oxidation rate of WE43 and ZRE1 magnesium foundry alloys in dry and humidified atmosphere of N2+1%O2. Measurements of the oxidation rate were carried out using a Setaram thermobalance in the temperature range of 350-480°C. Corrosion products were analyzed by SEM-SEI, BSE and EDS. It was found that the oxide layer on the WE43 alloy has a very good resistance to oxidation. The high protective properties of the layer should be attributed to the presence of yttrium in this alloy. On the other hand, a porous, two-layer scale with a low adhesion to the substrate forms on the ZRE1 alloy. The increase in the sample mass in dry gas is lower than that in humidified gas.
A Dynamic BI–Orthogonal Field Equation Approach to Efficient Bayesian Inversion
Authors: Tagade Piyush M. , Choi Han-Lim
Published: July 2017

This paper proposes a novel computationally efficient stochastic spectral projection based approach to Bayesian inversion of a computer simulator with high dimensional parametric and model structure uncertainty. The proposed method is based on the decomposition of the solution into its mean and a random field using a generic Karhunen-Loève expansion. The random field is represented as a convolution of separable Hilbert spaces in stochastic and spatial dimensions that are spectrally represented using respective orthogonal bases. In particular, the present paper investigates generalized polynomial chaos bases for the stochastic dimension and eigenfunction bases for the spatial dimension. Dynamic orthogonality is used to derive closed-form equations for the time evolution of mean, spatial and the stochastic fields. The resultant system of equations consists of a partial differential equation (PDE) that defines the dynamic evolution of the mean, a set of PDEs to define the time evolution of eigenfunction bases, while a set of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) define dynamics of the stochastic field. This system of dynamic evolution equations efficiently propagates the prior parametric uncertainty to the system response. The resulting bi-orthogonal expansion of the system response is used to reformulate the Bayesian inference for efficient exploration of the posterior distribution. The efficacy of the proposed method is investigated for calibration of a 2D transient diffusion simulator with an uncertain source location and diffusivity. The computational efficiency of the method is demonstrated against a Monte Carlo method and a generalized polynomial chaos approach.
D* Extra Lite: A Dynamic A* With Search–Tree Cutting and Frontier–Gap Repairing
Authors: Przybylski Maciej , Putz Barbara
Published: July 2017

Searching for the shortest-path in an unknown or changeable environment is a common problem in robotics and video games, in which agents need to update maps and to perform re-planning in order to complete their missions. D* Lite is a popular incremental heuristic search algorithm (i.e., it utilizes knowledge from previous searches). Its efficiency lies in the fact that it re-expands only those parts of the search-space that are relevant to registered changes and the current state of the agent. In this paper, we propose a new D* Extra Lite algorithm that is close to a regular A*, with reinitialization of the affected search-space achieved by search-tree branch cutting. The provided worst-case complexity analysis strongly suggests that D* Extra Lite’s method of reinitialization is faster than the focused approach to reinitialization used in D* Lite. In comprehensive tests on a large number of typical two-dimensional path-planning problems, D* Extra Lite was 1.08 to 1.94 times faster than the optimized version of D* Lite. Moreover, while demonstrating that it can be particularly suitable for difficult, dynamic problems, as the problem-complexity increased, D* Extra Lite’s performance further surpassed that of D*Lite. The source code of the algorithm is available on the open-source basis.
Assessment of the GPC Control Quality Using Non–Gaussian Statistical Measures
Authors: Domański Paweł D. , Ławryńczuk Maciej
Published: July 2017

This paper presents an alternative approach to the task of control performance assessment. Various statistical measures based on Gaussian and non-Gaussian distribution functions are evaluated. The analysis starts with the review of control error histograms followed by their statistical analysis using probability distribution functions. Simulation results obtained for a control system with the generalized predictive controller algorithm are considered. The proposed approach using Cauchy and Lévy α-stable distributions shows robustness against disturbances and enables effective control loop quality evaluation. Tests of the predictive algorithm prove its ability to detect the impact of the main controller parameters, such as the model gain, the dynamics or the prediction horizon.
A Comparative Study Between Two Systems with and Without Awareness in Controlling HIV/AIDS
Authors: Saha Shubhankar , Roy Priti Kumar
Published: July 2017

It has always been a priority for all nations to reduce new HIV infections by implementing a comprehensive HIV prevention programme at a sufficient scale. Recently, the ‘HIV counselling & testing’ (HCT) campaign is gaining public attention, where HIV patients are identified through screening and immediately sent under a course of antiretroviral treatment (ART), neglecting the time extent they have been infected. In this article, we study a nonlinear mathematical model for the transmission dynamics of HIV/AIDS system receiving drug treatment along with effective awareness programs through media. Here, we consider two different circumstances: when treatment is only effective and when both treatment and awareness are included. The model is analyzed qualitatively using the stability theory of differential equations. The global stabilities of the equilibria under certain conditions are determined in terms of the model reproduction number. The effects of changes in some key epidemiological parameters are investigated. Projections are made to predict the long term dynamics of the disease. The epidemiological implications of such projections on public health planning and management are discussed. These studies show that the aware populations were less vulnerable to HIV infection than the unaware population.
A Hybrid Scheduler for Many Task Computing in Big Data Systems
Authors: Vasiliu Laura , Pop Florin , Negru Catalin , Mocanu Mariana , Cristea Valentin , Kolodziej Joanna
Published: July 2017

With the rapid evolution of the distributed computing world in the last few years, the amount of data created and processed has fast increased to petabytes or even exabytes scale. Such huge data sets need data-intensive computing applications and impose performance requirements to the infrastructures that support them, such as high scalability, storage, fault tolerance but also efficient scheduling algorithms. This paper focuses on providing a hybrid scheduling algorithm for many task computing that addresses big data environments with few penalties, taking into consideration the deadlines and satisfying a data dependent task model. The hybrid solution consists of several heuristics and algorithms (min-min, min-max and earliest deadline first) combined in order to provide a scheduling algorithm that matches our problem. The experimental results are conducted by simulation and prove that the proposed hybrid algorithm behaves very well in terms of meeting deadlines.
The Risk of Using Poppy Seed Tea Made from Several Varieties Available on the Romanian Market
Authors: Croitoru Mircea Dumitru , Fülöp Ibolya , Irimia-Constantin Maria-Raluca , Varga Erzsébet , Kelemen Hajnal , Fogarasi Erzsébet , Faliboga Luana-Maria
Published: July 2017

Objective: the number of alkaloids like morphine and codeine found in poppy seeds used in food industry are monitored by a directive given by European Food Safety Authority. Based on this regulation the aim of the study was to determine the quantity of morphine and codeine from several brands of poppy seeds. Methods: an HPLC-UV method (205 nm) was developed to measure the quantity of morphine and codeine. Sample preparation was made using recipes posted on Drugs Forum by some users. Limits of detection were not determined because the lowest concentration from the reference (0.1 μg/ml) detected morphine concentrations that are far lower than a limit of toxicological concern. Results: The concentrations, which were found, ranged between Below the Level of Toxicological Concern (BLTC) - 243.26 mg/kg for morphine and BLTC - 88.58 mg/kg for codeine using several methods of preparation. Conclusions: one can observe that there are some brands of poppy seeds which do not respect the regulation about the amount of morphine and codeine. The high amount of morphine in some samples suggests that there are different varieties of poppy seeds, which can be used for an illicit purpose and can lead to addiction or even overdose in some cases.
Clinical Outcomes after Regenerative Periodontal Therapy with Emdogain
Authors: Beresescu Gabriela Felicia , Ormenisan Alina , Szekely Melinda , Monea Monica , Monea Adriana
Published: July 2017

Objective: Regeneration is defined as a reconstruction of a lost part of the body in such a way that the structure and function of the lost tissue are completely restored. The aim of this study is to compare the clinical outcomes of intrabony defects treatment using regenerative periodontal therapy with enamel matrix proteins (Emdogain, EMD) with a control group.

Methods: Ten patients with chronic periodontitis were included in this randomized, controlled clinical study. Two groups received conservative periodontal therapy. In the test group, different teeth received regenerative treatment with EMD. In the control group teeth received solely conservative periodontal therapy. Pocket depth probing (PD) and bone reduction (based on X rays) were registered at baseline and after eight months in both groups. In the control group

Results: Both groups showed a significant reduction of PD. The teeth treated with EMD showed a significant attachment gain. Within the test group, the radiographic examination of the teeth treated with EMD showed no significant change, whereas the teeth in the control group showed significant bone reduction.

Conclusions: Intrabony defects in teeth treaded with EMD exhibit a substantially higher gain in clinical attachment and defect filling. The use of EMD in dental practice can prevent further bone loss.
Letrozole Determination by Capillary Zone Electrophoresis and UV Spectrophotometry Methods
Authors: Rusu Aura , Sbanca Maria-Alexandra , Todoran Nicoleta , Vari Camil-Eugen
Published: July 2017

Objective: Letrozole is a highly potent oral nonsteroidal aromatase inhibitor triazole derivative. The aim of this study was to quantify letrozole from bulk, pharmaceutical formulation, and spiked urine samples by developing a simple, rapid and cost effective capillary electrophoresis method. Methods: A capillary zone electrophoresis method was optimized and validated. Additionally, an UV spectrophotometry method was used for comparing results. Results:The capillary zone electrophoresis method using a 90 mM sodium tetraborate background electrolyte proved to be an efficient method for determination of letrozole in a very short time, less than 2 minutes, using 20 kV voltage, 50 mbar/2 seconds pressure and 50°C temperature as optimum parameters. Additionally, the UV spectrophotometry method proved to be simple and efficient to quantify letrozole from bulk material and pharmaceutical formulation with linearity of response between 5 to 20 μg·mL-1 concentrations. For both methods, validation parameters, including linearity, detection and quantification limits were determined. Also we proved that our electrophoretic method has potential in analyzing letrozole from biological samples, obtaining encouraging results on estimation of letrozole from spiked urine samples without any special treatment. Conclusions: To quantify letrozole from bulk material, pharmaceutical preparations, and spiked urine samples the capillary zone electrophoresis method using a tetraborate sodium background electrolyte has proven to be simple and appropriate. Also a simple UV spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the same purposes.
Properties of Expansive Porous Materials Based on Aluminate Cement for Underground Mining
Authors: Klimas Wojciech
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the results of laboratory tests of expansive mineral binding materials based on calcium aluminate with mineral additive and carbonate expander. The expansion size can be controlled by the amount of expander as well as by water-binder ratio. The study describes the method of measuring the expansion size and selected technical parameters of obtained expansive binders together with the proposed scope of their use in underground construction.
Mass Loss of Coal Particles Burning in Fluidized Bed
Authors: Pełka Piotr
Published: July 2017

In this work many conclusions resulting from research carried out on the coal combustion process of the chosen coal type and its accompanying erosion in a two-phase flow of inert material have been presented. The purpose of this flow was to present a model of the conditions of the central and upper zone of the combustion chamber of the fluidized boiler. In the opinion of many authors (Basu, 1999; Chirone et al., 1991), the erosion process results from the contact of a fuel particle with particles of inert material that is responsible for generating fine fuel particles of less than 100 mm. If the particles are in the upper zone of the boiler where there is oxygen deficit, they can increase the loss of incomplete combustion substantially. The results of research do not confirm this common thesis, but rather indicate that the process of comminution that results from erosion under oxidative conditions contributes to the increase of substantial mass loss of a coal particle, however the increased mass loss of particle during combustion is first and foremost due to the whole process of removal of ash from the reactionary surface of a fuel particle. Nevertheless, in the conditions of oxygen deficit the comminution of particles as a result of the erosion process is negligible
Application of Three-Parameter Distribution to Approximate the Particle Size Distribution Function of Comminution Products of Dolomitic Type of Copper Ore
Authors: Nad Alona , Brożek Marian
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the results of analyze the particle size distribution function of comminution products of dolomitic type of copper ore. The breakage tests for single irregular particles were performed with using a hydraulic press device. The authors prepared five particle size fractions of each material, within ranges: 16-18 mm, 18-20 mm, 20-25 mm, 25-31,5 mm and 31-45 mm. The particle size distribution function of single-particle breakage test was calculated separately for each size fraction. In addition, the cumulative particle size distribution function for five particle size fractions was presented. In theoretical part the study of applied functions of particle size distribution for comminution a set of particles and models of crushing single particles was performed. In that paper the curves of the particle size distribution were approximated by the three-parameter function, which parameters depend on the particle strength and material type. For conformity assessment the model distribution function to the empirical distribution function a residual deviation and non-linear correlation coefficient were calculated. The three-parameter function approximating agrees well with the particle size distribution obtained from experimental data. The dependence of the parameters of a particle size distribution function on the dolomite particle strength was presented. The results indicate the identity of single particle grinding mechanism by slow compression of irregular particles of dolomitic type of copper ore, regardless of the initial particle size.
The Analysis of the Water-Expanded Rock Bolts Ruptures During Pressure Test
Authors: Pawłowski Bogdan , Krawczyk Janusz , Bała Piotr , Cios Grzegorz , Tokarski Tomasz
Published: July 2017

This paper describe the investigation of a water-expanded rock bolts failed during pressure test (inner water pressure of 330 bar). A main objective of this work was to determine the cracks nucleation and propagation mechanism. It was found that the rock bolts failure was promoted by presence of non-metallic inclusions (mainly long sulphide inclusions) but the primary cause of cracking is strain ageing of steel. Suggestions for improving the behaviour of steel used for water-expanded rock belts by the modification of its chemical composition are proposed finally.
Some Problems in the Calculus of Variations
Authors: Cellina Arrigo
Published: July 2017

We present some results and open problems in the Calculus of Variations.
Is it the Way You Live or the Job You Have? Health Effects of Lifestyles and Working Conditions
Authors: Cottini Elena , Ghinetti Paolo
Published: July 2017

This paper investigates the role of lifestyles (smoking, drinking and obesity) and working conditions (physical hazards, no support from colleagues, job worries and repetitive work) on health. Three alternative systems of simultaneous multivariate probit equations are estimated, one for each health measure: an indicator of self-assessed health, an indicator of physical health, and an indicator of work-related mental health problems, using Danish data for 2000 and 2005. We find that while lifestyles are significant determinants of self-assessed health, they play a minor role for our indicators of physical health and mental health. The effect of lifestyles seems to be dominated by the effect of adverse working conditions, which significantly worsen health. This result is robust for all health dimensions considered.
Labor, Speicher, Bühne: Das Literaturmuseum der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek
Authors: Manojlovic Katharina
Published: July 2017

Das im April 2015 eröffnete Literaturmuseum der Österreichischen Nationalbibliothek konnte sich als ein Ort der vielfältigen Auseinandersetzung mit Literatur etablieren. Seit April 2016 ermöglichen Sonderausstellungen zusätzliche thematische Schwerpunktsetzungen. Ein eigens entwickeltes Museumstablet bietet Besuchern viele Möglichkeiten der Vertiefung in die Themen und Objekte des Literaturmuseums. Ein umfangreiches Veranstaltungs- und Vermittlungsprogramm gibt zeitgenössischen Diskursen der Literatur ein Podium und macht es außerdem zu einem attraktiven Ort außerschulischen Literaturunterrichts.
Practical aspects of finite element method applications in dentistry
Authors: Grbović Aleksandar , Mihajlović Dimitrije
Published: July 2017

The use of numerical methods, such as finite element method (FEM), has been widely adopted in solving structural problems with complex geometry under external loads when analytical solutions are unachievable. Basic idea behind FEM is to divide the complex body geometry into smaller and simpler domains, called finite elements, and then to formulate solution for each element instead of seeking a solution for the entire domain. After finding the solutions for all elements they can be combined to obtain a solution for the whole domain. This numerical method is mostly used in engineering, but it is also useful for studying the biomechanical properties of materials used in medicine and the influence of mechanical forces on the biological systems. Since its introduction in dentistry four decades ago, FEM became powerful tool for the predictions of stress and strain distribution on teeth, dentures, implants and surrounding bone. FEM can indicate aspects of biomaterials and human tissues that can hardly be measured in vivo and can predict the stress distribution in the contact areas which are not accessible, such as areas between the implant and cortical bone, denture and gingiva, or around the apex of the implant in trabecular bone. Aim of this paper is to present - using results of several successful FEM studies - the usefulness of this method in solving dentistry problems, as well as discussing practical aspects of FEM applications in dentistry. Some of the method limitations, such as impossibility of complete replication of clinical conditions and need for simplified assumptions regarding loads and materials modeling, are also presented. However, the emphasis is on FE modelling of teeth, bone, dentures and implants and their modifications according to the requirements. All presented studies have been carried out in commercial software for FE analysis ANSYS Workbench.
Oral health related quality of life and dental status of adult patients
Authors: Lalić Maja , Melih Irena , Aleksić Ema , Gajić Milica , Kalevski Katarina , Ćuković Anika
Published: July 2017

Background: The aim of this study was to assess the oral health related quality of life in adult patients who visit the Dental Clinic of the Faculty of Stomatology, Pancevo, using a Serbian version of 14-items Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP14) Questionnaire. Material and Methods: A total of 89 respondents (42 women and 47 men, mean age 52.83 ± 13.74 years) filled in the questionnaire themselves. Three calibrated dentists recorded the oral health status of the respondents (number of healthy, decayed, filled and missing teeth), the type and time of wearing prosthodontic replacements, if they existed, and assessed the need for prosthodontic treatment. The total OHIP-14 score was calculated by adding scores for all fourteen items; OHIP-14 subscale scores were calculated by adding the scores for the two items in each of the seven subscales. Results: Mean total OHIP score was 10.25 ± 8.89. Patients with less than eight extracted teeth, wearers of fixed prosthodontic appliances and patients without replacements who did not need prosthodontic treatment reported better oral health-related quality of life. The most severe oral impacts assessed by the subscale OHIP14 scores were recorded in psychological discomfort (2.44 ± 2.18), physical pain (1.87 ± 1.73) and psychological disability subscale (1.83 ± 1.88). Women more often than men were dissatisfied with their diet and had been irritable in contact with other people. Conclusion: Further studies using the OHIP14 questionnaire in a larger sample will permit identification of key factors related to poor oral health and planning of treatment protocols and preventive programs for the adult population in Serbia.
Contribution to the lichen flora of North East Greenland. V. Zackenberg and Clavering Ø area
Authors: Hansen Eric Steen
Published: July 2017

The paper lists 202 lichen taxa from Zackenberg and Clavering Ø area, North East Greenland. Ochrolechia androgyna, Psora globifera and Rhizocarpon renneri are new to East Greenland. Sixteen lichen taxa are new to North East Greenland, viz. Aspicilia aquatica, Candelariella dispersa, Chaenotheca furfuracea, Circinaria caesiocinerea, Cladonia libifera, Lecanora cenisia, L. chloroleprosa, L. leptacina, Lichenomphalia alpina, Miriquidica atrofulva, M. nigroleprosa, Ochrolechia alaskana, Peltigera castanea, P. extenuata, Phylliscum demangeonii and Pyrenopsis furfurea.
Determination of serum calcium levels by42Ca isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Han Bingqing , Ge Menglei , Zhao Haijian , Yan Ying , Zeng Jie , Zhang Tianjiao , Zhou Weiyan , Zhang Jiangtao , Wang Jing , Zhang Chuanbao
Published: July 2017

Background: Serum calcium level is an important clinical index that reflects pathophysiological states. However, detection accuracy in laboratory tests is not ideal; as such, a high accuracy method is needed.

Methods:

We developed a reference method for measuring serum calcium levels by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID ICP-MS), using42Ca as the enriched isotope. Serum was digested with 69% ultrapure nitric acid and diluted to a suitable concentration. The44Ca/42Ca ratio was detected in H2mode; spike concentration was calibrated by reverse IDMS using standard reference material (SRM) 3109a, and sample concentration was measured by a bracketing procedure. We compared the performance of ID ICP-MS with those of three other reference methods in China using the same serum and aqueous samples.

Results:

The relative expanded uncertainty of the sample concentration was 0.414% (k=2). The range of repeatability (within-run imprecision), intermediate imprecision (between-run imprecision), and intra-laboratory imprecision were 0.12%–0.19%, 0.07%–0.09%, and 0.16%–0.17%, respectively, for two of the serum samples. SRM909bI, SRM909bII, SRM909c, and GBW09152 were found to be within the certified value interval, with mean relative bias values of 0.29%, −0.02%, 0.10%, and −0.19%, respectively. The range of recovery was 99.87%–100.37%. Results obtained by ID ICP-MS showed a better accuracy than and were highly correlated with those of other reference methods.

Conclusions:

ID ICP-MS is a simple and accurate candidate reference method for serum calcium measurement and can be used to establish and improve serum calcium reference system in China.
Real Time Modeling and Control of Three Tank Hybrid System
Authors: Sathishkumar K. , Kirubakaran V. , Radhakrishnan T. K.
Published: July 2017

This study discusses the modeling and linear quadratic regulator (LQR) controller based closed loop control of a three tank hybrid (TTH) process. A pseudo random binary signal (PRBS) based excitation data obtained from a real time TTH setup is utilized in validating its first principle model (FPM). Based on top and bottom interactions, various modes prevalent are considered based on steady state physical reachability analysis of the TTH for a given input range for controller design. The FPM is linearized using nominal values of process parameters using Jacobians from each existing mode. LQR controllers are designed for each mode. A supervisory structure is designed for selecting estimation model and controller for each appropriate mode. Results from real time servo tracking and disturbance rejection experiments are discussed.
Biologically informed ecological niche models for an example pelagic, highly mobile species
Authors: Ingenloff Kate
Published: July 2017

Background: Although pelagic seabirds are broadly recognised as indicators of the health of marine systems, numerous gaps exist in knowledge of their at-sea distributions at the species level. These gaps have profound negative impacts on the robustness of marine conservation policies. Correlative modelling techniques have provided some information, but few studies have explored model development for non-breeding pelagic seabirds. Here, I present a first phase in developing robust niche models for highly mobile species as a baseline for further development. Methodology: Using observational data from a 12-year time period, 217 unique model parameterisations across three correlative modelling algorithms (boosted regression trees, Maxent and minimum volume ellipsoids) were tested in a time-averaged approach for their ability to recreate the at-sea distribution of non-breeding Wandering Albatrosses (Diomedea exulans) to provide a baseline for further development. Principle Findings/Results: Overall, minimum volume ellipsoids outperformed both boosted regression trees and Maxent. However, whilst the latter two algorithms generally overfit the data, minimum volume ellipsoids tended to underfit the data. Conclusions: The results of this exercise suggest a necessary evolution in how correlative modelling for highly mobile species such as pelagic seabirds should be approached. These insights are crucial for understanding seabird-environment interactions at macroscales, which can facilitate the ability to address population declines and inform effective marine conservation policy in the wake of rapid global change.
Sarcomatoid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Penis – a Report of Two Cases
Authors: Bachurska Svitlana Y. , Antonov Petar A. , Staykov Dmitriy G. , Dechev Ivan Y.
Published: July 2017

Background:Sarcomatoid (spindle cell) squamous cell carcinoma is a rare, highgrade, aggressive tumor consisting of the squamous cell carcinoma admixed with the malignant spindle cell (sarcomatoid) elements. These tumors are relatively uncommon in the genitourinary system and particularly in the penis.

Materials and methods:Two sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinomas of the penis were diagnosed in our hospital between 2012 and 2015. Clinical histories, pathology reports, hematoxylin and eosin-stained and immunohistochemical slides were reviewed.

Results:In both cases, the tumors presented as single, pedunculated, extensive masses with surface ulceration; histology study showed a mixture of high-grade squamous cell carcinoma component and spindle cell neoplastic component in different proportions. Immunohistochemical stains of CK AE1/AE3, p63 and CK903 showed positive immunoreactivity in both components in both cases. Vimentin was positive in spindle cell component and negative in squamous cell carcinoma areas.

Conclusion:Sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma of the penis is an uncommon tumor of this site with aggressive behavior and bad prognosis which might be related to the delay in medical examination and diagnosis. A correct and thorough morphological study is of great importance for the staging of the disease, treatment and follow up of patients.
Modulating Effects of Cholecalciferol Treatment on Estrogen Deficiency-Induced Anxiety-Like Behavior of Adult Female Rats
Authors: Fedotova Julia , Zarembo Daria , Dragasek Jozef , Caprnda Martin , Kruzliak Peter , Dudnichenko Tatyana
Published: July 2017

Background:Vitamin D can be one of the candidate substances that are used as additional supplementation in the treatment of anxiety-related disorders in women with estrogen imbalance.

Materials and methods:The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of chronic cholecalciferol administration (1.0, 2.5 or 5.0 mg/kg/day, s.c.) on the anxiety-like behavior and monoamines levels in the rat hippocampus following ovariectomy in female rats. Cholecalciferol was given to ovariectomized (OVX) rats and OVX rats treated with 17β-estradiol (17β-E2, 0.5 μg/rat, s.c.). The anxiety-like behavior was assessed in the elevated plus maze (EPM) and the light-dark tests (LDT), locomotor and grooming activities were assessed in the open-field test (OFT).

Results:Cholecalciferol in high doses alone or in combination with 17β-E2-induced anxiolytic-like effects in OVX and OVX rats treated with 17β-E2as evidenced in the EPM and LDT tests, and increased grooming activity in the OFT test. We found that DA and 5-HT levels increased while 5-HT turnover in the hippocampus decreased in these groups of OVX rats.

Conclusion:Our results indicate that cholecalciferol in high doses has a marked anxiolytic-like effect due to an increase in the monoamines levels in the experimental rat model of estrogen deficiency.
Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Water Extractable Polysaccharides from Leaves of Plantago major L.
Authors: Lukova Paolina K. , Karcheva-Bahchevanska Diana P. , Bivolarski Veselin P. , Mladenov Rumen D. , Iliev Ilia N. , Nikolova Mariana M.
Published: July 2017

Background:Plantago majorL. leaves have been used for centuries by the traditional medicine in the treatment of infectious disorders of the respiratory, urinary and digestive tracts. Researchers have reported that hot water extracts ofPlantago majorpossess a broad-spectrum of anticancer, antioxidant and antiviral activities, as well as activities which modulate cell-mediated immunity. Their beneficial properties may be due to the significant content of polysaccharides. The polysaccharides that have been isolated from the leaves ofPlantago majorL. have different structures – pectic substances, galactans, arabinogalactans, glucomannans.

Aim:The aim of this paper was to study the correlation between the structure of the water extractable polysaccharides isolated fromPlantago majorL. leaves and their enzymatic hydrolysis with different carbohydrate hydrolases.

Materials and methods:The hydrolysis reactions were performed with the enzymes hemicellulase and mannanase. Spectrophotometric total reducing sugars assay was used to examine the hydrolysis yield. The monosaccharide and oligosaccharide compositions were determined using HPLC analysis.

Results:The highest hydrolysis yield of the water extractable polysaccharides fromPlantago majorleaves was obtained by treatment with hemicellulase. The hydrolysis yield increased with the augmentation of the ratio of enzyme to polysaccharide. Galactose was the prevalent monosaccharide identified in the composition of the isolated polysaccharides. Oligosaccharides with different degree of polymerization were also detected.

Conclusion:The enzymatic hydrolysis of water extractable polysaccharides fromPlantago majorleaves allows us to obtain different types of oligosaccharides with beneficial effects on both human health and industry.
Improvement of Gel Properties of Fish Gelatin Using Gellan
Authors: Petcharat Tanyamon , Benjakul Soottawat , Hemar Yacine
Published: July 2017

The impact of gellan (GL) at different levels (5–20 % of total solid) on the properties of fish gelatin (FG) gels was studied. Gel strength and hardness of FG/GL mixed gel increased, while springiness and cohesiveness decreased as the levels of GL were increased (p < 0.05). Gelling and melting temperatures also increased with increasing levels of GL incorporated (p < 0.05). L*- and b*-values of FG/GL mixed gel decreased, whereas ∆E*-value increased with increasing GL levels (p < 0.05). Microstructure studies revealed that denser structure with very small voids in gel network was observed upon GL addition. The addition of GL at a low level (5 %) had no adverse effect on sensory property, and no effect on syneresis of FG/GL mixed gels. Therefore, the addition of 5 % GL can be used to improve gelling property of FG via increasing gelling points without affecting sensory property of the resulting gel.
External Knowledge Sourcing and Innovation Processes in Modern Economic Environment
Authors: Roszkowska Dorota
Published: July 2017

In an open and digital economy where ICTs, global networks and innovation systems play a key economic role, knowledge used by companies is increasingly gathered using different external sources. Rapidly changing technology enables companies to use new ways to innovate. New innovation processes permit companies to reduce risk and the costs of innovation. New paradigms, called open innovation and co-innovation, allow organizations to remain innovative in a rapidly changing environment. The objectives of this paper are: to provide a better understanding of open innovation and co-innovation paradigms and to suggest instruments for organizations to benefit from co-innovation ecosystem.

Internet empowered ICT tools can be the first step for an organization to initiate implementation of a digital strategy. To gain incremental, tacit, organizational knowledge or marketing skills, a new innovation strategy should involve networking through social networks and virtual communities. Digitalization of innovation activities constitutes a new important role for innovation networks and ecosystems, including global innovation networks, as knowledge and technology are no longer owned by a single firm or country. This paper attempts to prepare the theoretical background, for empirical studies on the impact of new innovation processes on company innovation and their competitive advantages. The study is descriptive and analytical, building on the theory and empirical results of previous studies on new, digital innovation models.
The imaginaries of the Eurasian Union: discursive construction of post-Soviet transnationality in Russia and Kazakhstan
Authors: Ryazanova-Clarke Lara
Published: July 2017

Couched in the critical discourse studies perspective and developing the notion of political imaginary, this article explores the imaginaries of the transnational integration project of the Eurasian Union that are produced in elite discourses in its two key states, Russia and Kazakhstan. The corpus used comprises transcripts of the two states’ parliamentary discussions and speeches by presidents Putin and Nazarbaev. The article focuses on meaning construction through the discursive types, strategies, and topoi employed in the discourses of the new Union, and the linguistic forms called upon for their articulation. Two discursive strands narrating the Eurasian Union are singled out – the