bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Correlation between Patient Health Questionnaire-15 and maternal anxiety and delivery outcomes: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: YU Qianmei , Deng Na , Chen Lulu
Published: August 2024

Background：There are many factors that affect the outcome of pregnant women. And the psychological state of prenatal pregnant women is one of the common and serious influencing factors, which is important for the early detection and early intervention of pregnant women's nervousness and anxiety. At present, a large number of studies are exploring effective tools for early assessment of tension and anxiety in pregnant women. This study aims to explore the correlation between the Patient Health Questionnaire-15 score and maternal nervousness, anxiety, and birth outcomes.
Method: From March 2020 to March 2022, 2776 pregnant women completed PHQ-15 scores, who had prenatal check-up in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and were scheduled to give birth in the hospital and data from the surveyed pregnant women were analyzed.
Multiple linear regression analysis was used to determine the influencing factors of PHQ-15 score, and chi-square test and linear regression analysis investigated the correlation between PHQ-15 score and birth outcomes.
Outcome: The higher the score of those with greater family economic pressure, worse family relationship status, worse mother-in-law and daughter-in-law relationship, threatened miscarriage, impatient personality, impulsive personality, and strong personality (P<0.05). However, the higher the satisfaction level of the lover and the extrovert after pregnancy, the higher the score of the extrovert (P<0.05). There were statistically significant differences in pregnancy outcomes between the different PHQ-15 score groups (P<0.05): the number of people who had no somatization and those who had more somatization than those who had somatized spontaneous births was also statistically different (P<0.05). Besides,the higher the PHQ-15 score, the lower the neonatal weight (P<0.05).
Conclusion: The PHQ-15 questionnaire score has a strong correlation with pregnancy outcomes, and its influencing factors are the same as a series of important factors affecting pregnant women's nervous and anxious mood. Early detection and early intervention of pregnant women's nervousness and anxiety are effective ways to improve the outcome of childbirth. Therefore, the PHQ-15 questionnaire is expected to be an effective tool for early detection of maternal nervousness and anxiety, and provide an effective way to improve maternal labor outcomes.
Health Service Utilization across Public, Private, and Humanitarian Sectors in the Conflict-Affected Region of Northern Syria: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Olabi Amina , Almohammed Maher , Loffreda Giulia , Hellowell Mark , Witter Sophie , Bou-Orm Ibrahim R.
Published: August 2024

Background: Health service delivery in Northern Syria, amidst ongoing conflict, has shifted toward an NGO-led primary health care (PHC) model. The private sector also plays a significant role in providing health services. This study assesses patterns of private sector health services utilization and perceptions among community members, varying by socio-demographic characteristics, to inform future health system strengthening strategies.
Methods: A household survey was conducted among the adult population of Northern Syria (Northeast and Northwest Syria), analysing socio-demographic characteristics, health service utilization, service availability and acceptability, and trust in the private healthcare system. Descriptive and bivariate analyses examined associations between healthcare sources and respondent characteristics.
Findings: The survey included 1,919 participants. Overall, 33% used private clinics as their main healthcare source, while 32% sought care from NGO-run PHC centres. Accessibility varied, with Northwest Syria (NWS) respondents reporting closer proximity to PHC centres compared to Northeast Syria (NES). Private general practitioners (GPs) were commonly accessible within a 10–30-minute drive, though perceptions of affordability differed between NWS and NES respondents. Socio-demographic factors and specific health needs influenced service utilization. Internally displaced persons (IDPs) and low-income individuals more frequently used NGO-led services, while higher education and income levels correlated with increased private service use among host communities. Healthcare-seeking behaviour varied by health needs: infectious diseases prompted visits to NGO-run PHC centres, private clinics were preferred for antenatal and gynaecological care, and public hospitals were used for injuries, orthopaedic, and surgical consultations. Provider selection reasons included transportation and care costs for NGO PHC centres and public hospitals, while private clinics were chosen for their perceived appropriateness and specialist proximity. Trust in the private sector positively correlated with higher usage rates.
Conclusions: The study reveals distinct healthcare sub-systems for different population groups and provides essential data for understanding healthcare-seeking patterns in Northern Syria. It aims to assist health system stakeholders in comprehending the current service delivery status from community perspectives and guide equitable health system strengthening efforts in the region.
Enhancing Cd²⁺ Removal from Aqueous Solution: ZnCl₂-Modified Citrus Peel Carbon Optimization via Box-Behnken Response Surface Methodology
Authors: Meshram Pawan D. , Madankar Chandu S. , Chatterjee Aniruddha , Khedkar Rohit S.
Published: August 2024

This study explores the efficiency of removing Cd²⁺ ions from aqueous solutions using citrus peel carbon (CPC) activated with ZnCl₂. The CPC was characterized through proximate analysis, elemental composition, surface textural characteristics, FT-IR, and FE-SEM. Using a Box-Behnken Design matrix of response surface methodology (RSM), we analysed the effects of process variables such as pH (2–8), CPC dose (0.1-5.0 g∙L⁻¹), initial Cd²⁺ concentration (25–100 mg∙L⁻¹), and temperature (313–323 K). A second-order polynomial regression model was developed to maximize Cd²⁺ removal efficiency. The high regression coefficient (R² = 0.9845) indicates a strong correlation between the response and the factors. Analysis of variance confirmed the statistical significance of the model. Optimal conditions (pH = 8, CPC dose = 2.81 g∙L⁻¹, Cd²⁺ concentration = 100 mg∙L⁻¹, temperature = 303 K) led to a maximum Cd²⁺ removal of 80.27%. Desorption studies showed that HCl was most effective for Cd²⁺ recovery from CPC. By reducing the desorbing acid volume to a quarter, Cd²⁺ re-concentration nearly tripled. Reusability tests indicated an 11% reduction in adsorption capacity, demonstrating CPC's potential for heavy metal removal.
Epidemiological Analysis of Paediatric Trauma in Intensive Care: A 10-Year Retrospective Study from 2009 to 2018
Authors: Bao Yiyao , Ye Jing , Hu Lei , Guan Lijun , Gao Caina , Tan Linhua
Published: August 2024

Background
Paediatric trauma is a pivotal factor contributing to paediatric mortality, with traffic injuries and falls being commonly reported as leading causes of significant injuries among children. Comprehensive investigations from multiple perspectives, including geographical considerations, are crucial to develop more effective strategies for preventing such injuries and thereby reducing the burden of paediatric trauma.
Methods
This study involved a retrospective analysis of clinical data from paediatric patients admitted to our hospital's intensive care unit (ICU) due to trauma over a 10-year period. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to elucidate trends, demographics, injury patterns, and risk factors associated with these admissions.
Results
This retrospective study included 951 paediatric patients (mean age: 4.79 ± 3.24 years; mean weight: 18.45 ± 9.02 kg; median time to ICU admission post-injury: 10.86 ± 14.95 hours). Of these patients, 422 (44.4%) underwent emergency surgery and 466 (49%) required mechanical ventilation support, with a mean duration of 70.19 ± 146.62 hours. The mean duration of ICU stay was 6.24 ± 8.01 days and overall mean hospital stay was 16.08 ± 15.56 days. The predominant cause of unintentional injury was traffic accidents (47.9%), followed by falls (42.5%) and burns/scalds (5.3%). Most incidents involved children aged 0–6 years (70.7%), with males comprising 60.0% of cases. Injury incidents predominantly occurred between 12 PM and 6 PM (44.5%) and on non-workdays (37.6%). The most common sites of injury were roadsides (49.0%) and rural areas (64.35%). Single-site injuries (58.78%) were more prevalent than multiple-site injuries (41.22%), and head injuries were the most common among single-site injuries (81.57%). At ICU admission, the mean injury severity score was 18.49 ± 8.86. Following active intervention, 871 patients (91.59%) showed improvement, whereas 80 (8.41%) succumbed to their injuries.
Conclusion
Traffic injuries remain the primary cause of paediatric trauma, underscoring the ongoing importance of appropriate use of child restraint systems and protective gear as fundamental preventive measures. The elevated incidence of injuries among children under 6 years old and those residing in rural areas highlights the need for targeted preventive strategies, necessitating tailored interventions and public policy formulations that specifically address these high-risk populations.
PathCrisp: An Innovative Molecular Diagnostic Tool for Early Detection of NDM-Resistant Infections
Authors: Arora Reety , Patil Shrigouri , Siji Annes , Mallur Dhrithi , Gheewalla Nazneen , Karve Shraddha , Kavathekar Maithili , Tarai Bansidhar , Naik Mandar , S. Kruthika B. , Hegde Vandana , Rangineni Jayaprada , Gupta Vaijayanti , Chandru Vijay , Bulagonda Eswarappa Pradeep
Published: August 2024

Objective: The rapid and early detection of infections and antibiotic resistance markers is a critical challenge in healthcare. Currently, most commercial diagnostic tools for analyzing antimicrobial resistance patterns of pathogens require elaborate culture-based testing. Our study aims to develop a rapid, accurate molecular detection system that can be used directly from culture, thereby introducing molecular testing in conjunction with culture tests to reduce turnaround time (TAT) and guide therapy.
Methods: PathCrisp assay, a combination of Loop-mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) and CRISPR-based detection, maintained at a single temperature, was designed and tested on clinical isolates. The specificity and sensitivity of the assay was analyzed, post which the assay was compared with the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method to detect the New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) gene in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) clinical samples.
Results: Our PathCrispassay demonstrated the ability to detect as few as 700 copies of the NDM gene from clinical isolates. Our assay demonstrated 100% concordance with the PCR-Sanger sequencing method, more commonly used. Additionally, the lack of the need for a kit-based DNA purification step, rather a crude extraction via heating, enables the direct use of culture samples.
Conclusions: The PathCrisp assay is precise, specific and rapid, providing results in approximately 2 hours, and operates at a constant temperature, reducing the need for complex equipment handling. In the near future, we hope that this assay can be further optimized and designed as a point-of-care test kit, facilitating its use in various healthcare settings and aiding clinicians in the choice of antibiotics for therapy.
An analytical approach towards attaining Leave No One Behind using patterns and distributions of inequalities in antenatal and facility delivery coverage in Uttar Pradesh, India
Authors: Namasivayam Vasanthakumar , Prakash Ravi , Dehury Bidyadhar , Isac Shajy , Wehrmeister Fernando C. , Becker Marissa , Blanchard James , Boerma Ties
Published: August 2024

Background:
Leave No One Behind (LNOB) is a central, transformative promise of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals. To attain LNOB, systematic analysis of patterns and distributions of inequalities in coverage of health outcomes on a continuous basis at different program delivery layers is required, to design tailored health interventions. We analysed the patterns of change and geographic distribution of inequalities in coverage of antenatal care and facility-based delivery in Uttar Pradesh(UP), India and developed a framework to guide health programmers understand inequalities better, to accelerate progress by reaching those left behind.
Methods:
Data from five-rounds of National Family Health Survey (1992–2021) and two-rounds of Community Behaviour Tracking Survey (2014–2018) is used. Education and wealth have been used as stratifiers. Three measures of inequality- mean difference from mean, slope index of inequality, and inequality pattern index are used to depict the state, district and sub-district level inequalities.
Results:
UP observed a substantial reduction in the education-related inequality in both ANC and facility-delivery during 1992–2021. The slope index of inequality declined from 65.3 [95%CI:60.0-70.6] to 9.3 [95%CI:7.8–10.8] for ANC and from 44.7 [95%CI:38.5–50.9] to 29.9 [95%CI:27.8–32.0] for facility-delivery during 1992–2021. The inequality pattern index showed that, with improved reach of interventions, many districts moved towards bottom inequality from top inequality for any ANC while a fewer districts for facility-delivery. Even in districts with high coverage and low inequality, sub-district level(blocks) inequality persisted. Similarly, in blocks with high coverage and low inequality, Accredited Social Health Activist (ASHA) level inequality persisted. Interestingly, for the same ASHA area, the patterns of inequality differed for any ANC and facility delivery, in some districts inequalities direction changed based on the stratifier chosen.
Conclusions:
The proposed health equity framework suggest that to achieve LNOB status, understanding inequality with the coverage status is important. If coverage is high and inequality persists, identify the program layer at which maximum inequality persists to identify the left behinds. Whereas, if coverage is poor, programs are required to improve coverage first. Findings also call for systematic way of collecting and organizing granular data to understand inequality and identify the left-behinds.
Pixel_DiffusionSeg:Instance segmentation basedon multi-level deformable self-attention anddiffusion models
Authors: Chen Hongqian , Yang Rui , Li Hui , Gao Yu , Ge Yuting
Published: August 2024

Addressing the issues of incomplete detection of instance targets, the challengesin detecting occluded objects, and incomplete segmentation in complex scenesusing diffusion models for multi-target instance segmentation, this paper introduces Pixel DiffusionSeg, an instance segmentation approach based on multi-leveldeformable attention and diffusion models. This method leverages the benefitsof deformable self-attention, which adaptively adjusts the receptive field size,incorporating it into the proposed framework. Additionally, it aggregates multi-scale features and introduces a pixel decoder to achieve pixel-level predictionresults, thereby preserving the image’s detailed information and enhancing segmentation accuracy. The method treats instance segmentation as a process ofdenoising and remodeling masks using diffusion models, capable of reversingnoisy ground truth masks without being biased by noisy candidate boundingboxes. Comparative experiments on the COCO val2017 dataset demonstrate thatthe enhanced model exhibits significant improvements in terms of the number1of detected objects, object scores, segmentation completeness, and generalization performance. Utilizing a ResNet-50 backbone, the model achieves an AP of37.45% , surpassing the 37.3% AP of DiffusionInst. Our code will be graduallymade available at https://github.com/chenhongqian/Pixel DiffusionSeg.
The Effectiveness of Virtual Reality in Managing Labor Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Najjariasl Parisa , Dalvandi Kamran , Shabani Fateme , Zamanian Hadi , Ramezani Amirreza
Published: August 2024

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of virtual reality (VR) in managing labor pain. A comprehensive search of databases including Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science identified clinical trials exploring the efficacy of VR in reducing labor pain. The inclusion criteria focused on low-risk, full-term pregnant women receiving VR interventions through head-mounted displays or glasses during any stage of labor. Ten randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included in the analysis. The meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in labor pain associated with VR interventions, with a pooled effect size of -0.7012 (95% CI: -0.8380 to -0.5644). Subgroup analyses indicated consistent pain reduction across different parity groups, though heterogeneity was noted among the primiparous and mixed parity groups. Meta-regression analysis identified cervical dilation stage, pain assessment tools, and blinding status as significant moderators of VR's effectiveness. The findings support VR as a promising non-pharmacological intervention for labor pain management, offering significant analgesic effects without the adverse outcomes associated with pharmacological options. Future research should focus on standardizing VR protocols, exploring the optimal timing and duration of interventions, and understanding the long-term effects of VR during labor. This review underscores the potential of VR to enhance labor pain management strategies, improving outcomes for women in labor.
Changes in mercury content in oysters in relation to sediment and seston content in the Colombian Caribbean lagoons
Authors: Vélez-Mendoza Anubis , Mora Jeimmy Paola Rico , Campos-Campos Néstor Hernando , Almario-García Margui Lorena , Sanjuan-Muñoz Adolfo
Published: August 2024

Total mercury was evaluated in the mangrove oyster Crassostrea rhizophorae, in sediments and seston from the Ciénaga Grande de Santa Marta (CGSM) and Cispatá Bay (BhC) in two climatic seasons (rainy and dry). Composite samples of sediments, seston and oysters in juvenile and adult sizes were collected at six stations (three in each ecosystem) and Hg was quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (EPA method 7473 PLTX-017). BhC had the highest Hg concentrations in sediment, seston and oysters compared to CGSM, with values close to the tolerable threshold for the ecosystem and associated biota (TEL) of 0.13 µg/g Hg and with a low risk of Hg contamination in the mangrove oyster. Although at CGSM Hg was below the TEL in sediment and was considered safe in the oyster, significant bioaccumulation was evident with the metal content in the seston, indicating a potential risk to the ecosystem and humans. The variables organic matter and temperature influenced metal availability in the sediment and seston, respectively; in contrast, they had no significant relationship in the oyster. In CGSM, higher [Hg] was recorded in adult sizes, while in BhC the highest accumulation occurred in juveniles, especially during the dry season. These results emphasize the need for continuous monitoring of Hg contamination in both ecosystems. In addition, they highlight the importance of considering the size of oysters when assessing Hg contamination, as they may vary according to specific ecosystem and climatic conditions.
Evaluation of Aeroacoustic Optimisation Strategies for a Generic Flight Mission of a Tilt-Propeller Aircraft
Authors: Bergmann Ole , Möhren Felix , Frey David , Janser Frank , Braun Carsten
Published: August 2024

Balancing propeller performance between cruise and hover conditions is a critical challenge in eco-friendly aircraft design. This paper presents a novel serial multidisciplinary propeller optimization approach, integrating blade element momentum theory for performance assessment and Farassat’s formulation 1A for noise emission prediction. Combined with a genetic algorithm, three different propeller design strategies are systematically evaluated for their suitability in a multidisciplinary propeller optimization routine. The novel serial optimization approach reduces the parameter space in a stepwise manner. The assessment shows that, in the initial step, linear chord and parabolic twist distributions are sufficient for determining the optimal blade number and diameter, significantly accelerating the optimization process. In contrast, detailed blade shape optimization requires a parametric blade description. The assessment shows that considering the system mass is crucial for holistic optimization, while motor efficiency mapping is less critical. This paper provides an innovative optimization scheme that can be utilized in the propulsion system design for new aircraft, enhancing performance and reducing noise emissions.
Determinants of Sustainability Performance of Manufacturing Companies Using Two-stage Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Sutiene Kristina , Vaz Clara B. , Vaitiekuniene Raminta
Published: August 2024

The investigation of business performance through the lens of sustainability has become an increasingly attractive topic among scholars. This study contributes to the field by proposing a two-stage methodology. First, to assess companies' efficiency in terms of sustainability, the scores of the Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) pillars are combined into the single weighted sustainability performance indicator using the 'Benefit of Doubt' (BoD) model, which is maximized for each company by comparing it against the best performers in terms of ESG scores based on Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Then, in the second stage, the significant determinants are identified after the efficiency estimates are regressed on the company performance indicators using Tobit panel regression. To demonstrate this approach, we selected 559 companies from the manufacturing sector, as this industry continues to face challenges in reducing environmental impact, improving resource efficiency, and fostering social responsibility. The main findings include the examination of top performers and underperforming companies in terms of sustainability, alongside key financial indicators identified in the study.
Stability of the Gut Microbiome in Honey Bees During Harsh Winters and Overwintering Storage
Authors: Brar Gagandeep , Ngor Lyna , McFrederick Quinn S. , Torson Alex , Rajamohan Arun , Rinehart Joesph , Singh Preetpal , Bowsher Julia
Published: August 2024

Honey bee gut microbiota play a number of specific roles in promoting host growth and physiology. While the gut microbiota of honey bee queens, workers, and larvae has been extensively studied, less is known about the role and composition of gut microbiota in the winter worker bees. This study investigates the dynamics of the gut microbiota in overwintering adult worker bees, focusing on two commercial bee strains: Bolton™ bees and Mann Lake™ bees. The strains were investigated under different storage conditions (indoor storage at 6°C and outdoor storage in natural conditions) during the winter months (October, November, and December). Utilizing 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, we characterized the microbial composition of the whole gut. We observed a stable microbiota with slight variations in host-associated bacterial communities with Lactobacillus genus dominating in all the overwintering honey bee guts. Bolton bees exhibited higher abundance levels of Bartonella, Bifidobacterium, and Wolbachia, while Mann Lake bees showed increased abundance of Commensalibacter. Our results suggest that alpha diversity is influenced by the month rather than by the bee strain or storage conditions. We also found significant differences in beta diversity by month. Overall, in this study a stable gut microbiota was observed in both indoor and outdoor environmental conditions across different months with slight differences in abundance between bee strains. Considering all potential benefits of the honey bee gut microbiome to health and nutrition, this study suggests that beekeepers need not be concerned about whether overwintering storage conditions affect the gut microbiome.
Bioenergetic trade-offs can reveal the path to superior microbial CO2 fixation pathways
Authors: Rodríguez Jorge , Taha Ahmed , Patón Mauricio
Published: August 2024

Biotechnology can lead to cost-effective processes for capturing CO2 using the natural or genetically engineered metabolic capabilities of microorganisms. However, introducing desirable genetic modifications into microbial strains without compromising their fitness (growth yield and rate) during industrial-scale cultivation remains a challenge. Recently, a computational methodology was developed that considers the trade-offs between energy efficiency (yield) and growth rate, allowing us to evaluate candidate metabolic modifications in silico for microbial conversions. A comprehensive optimisation of known prokaryotic autotrophic CO2 fixation pathways was conducted, considering all possible variants under different environmental conditions. The results revealed the superior configurations in terms of both yield (efficiency) and rate (driving force). This approach and results can guide optimal pathway configurations for enhanced prokaryotic carbon fixation through metabolic engineering. By aligning strain modifications with these theoretically revealed near-optimal pathway configurations, we can optimally engineer strains of good fitness under open culture industrial scale conditions.
Towards Human-Centered AI in Speech Therapy: Perspectives from a Low-Resource Setting
Authors: Deka Chinmoy , Shrivastava Abhishek , Kumar Rishav
Published: August 2024

Background: While Speech-Language Pathologists (SLPs) are crucial in addressing Speech Sound Disorder (SSD), a global shortage of SLPs poses significant challenges in providing speech therapy services, particularly in impoverished and rural areas. Despite the potential of AI-based automated speech therapy tools, concerns such as job displacement, algorithmic bias, and privacy issues persist.
Purpose: This study adopted a Human-Centered AI (HCAI) approach to understand the needs and perspectives of SLPs, aiming to inform the development of a Human-Centered AI-based Speech Therapy Tool (HCAI-STT) for children with SSD.
Methods: A qualitative study using deductive reflexive thematic analysis with MAXQDA software was conducted to explore the needs and perspectives of SLPs.
Results: The domain understanding theme highlighted the complexity of functional SSD, emphasizing unknown etiology, parental concerns, and the developmental nature of speech acquisition. Current practices involve using digital tools under supervision and adhering to therapy guidelines. Key challenges included accessibility issues, socio-economic constraints, and the absence of a standardized Assamese Photo Articulation Test (PAT). Future directions highlighted the need for technology-based interventions, culturally relevant audio-visual stimuli, mobile-based solutions, and affordable tools.
Conclusion: The findings emphasize the necessity for a culturally tailored, technologically advanced approach to speech therapy. Recommendations include integrating Assamese PAT, culturally relevant audio-visual stimuli, AI-based diagnostic and feedback tools, and home-based therapy with supervision. These insights will guide the development of the HCAI-STT, enhancing AI integration in speech therapy and improving quality and accessibility. Future research will engage additional stakeholders and develop and evaluate the tool’s usability, efficacy, and effectiveness.
The simplest 4-D autonomous hyperchaotic system coined: Theoretical analysis and analog circuit design
Authors: Xiong Yongyong , Zhang Xiao , Chedjou Jean Chamberlain , Wu Yesen , Shukhratovich Makhkamov Bakhtiyor , Jiang Donghua , Kengne Jacques
Published: August 2024

In this paper, a new fourth-order autonomous hyperjerk system capable of producing hyperchaotic signals (FHHO hereafter) is proposed. The proposed model features a single nonlinear term represented by the hyperbolic sine of the weighted sum of two state variables (i.e., the fundamental variable and the jerk). The FHHO system is dissipative and symmetric and has a single unstable equilibrium point located at the origin of the state space. To describe the mechanisms leading to chaos and subsequent hyperchaos, a systematic study is carried out using appropriate analysis tools, such as Lyapunov exponent graphs, phase portraits, Poincaré maps, and bifurcation diagrams. We highlight rich and varied dynamics marked by periodic, tori, chaotic or hyperchaotic attractors and, even more interestingly, offset control and symmetry control properties. The electronic simulator of the proposed FHHO model is built using only five operational amplifiers (i.e., four integrators and a summing amplifier) and a pair of diodes mounted head to tail. The experimental results confirm the presence of hyperchaotic signals as well as the bifurcation modes predicted by the theoretical study. To the best of our knowledge, the hyperchaotic model studied combines the two forms of simplicity rarely encountered, namely, the simplicity of the evolution equations and the simplicity of electronic realization.
Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Nematodes of Dogs and Associated Hematological Changes in Gombe State, Nigeria
Authors: Audu Y.
Published: August 2024

Gastrointestinal (GI) nematodes are a common parasitic problem in dogs, causing significant health issues. These parasites live in the digestive tract and can lead to a variety of symptoms, depending on the type and severity of infection. A cross sectional study was conducted from August 2023 to December 2023 to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs and their effect on haematological parameters in Gombe State, Nigeria. A total of 200 faecal samples from dogs were collected using systematic random sampling technique from six (two from each Senatorial zone) randomly selected Local Government Areas (LGAs) out of the eleven LGAs in the State. Formalin-ether centrifugation-floatation technique was used to detect nematode parasites using microscopy. Haematological evaluations were performed according to standard procedures. The overall prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs in the study area was 36.5%. The parasites identified were Ancylostoma caninum, Toxocara canis and Trichuris vulpis with 58.9%, 28.7% and 12.3% prevalences respectively. The haematological parameters revealed reduction of the Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) of both the infected and non-infected dogs below the reference values while only the infected group has Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) below the reference values. There were eosinophilia, monocytosis and leukocytosis in the infected group whereas neutrophilia occurred in both the infected and non-infected groups. All other haematological values are within the reference ranges. This study establishes the prevalence of gastrointestinal nematodes of dogs and associated risk factors in Gombe State, Nigeria.
Anaerobic co-digestion of fish waste and other organic materials
Authors: kumar Holigi siva
Published: August 2024

This study explores the anaerobic co-digestion of fish waste with various organic substrates to enhance biogas production, addressing the environmental challenges posed by fish waste disposal. With 185 million tons of fish produced annually, a significant portion becomes waste during processing, leading to health hazards and ecological impacts. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is presented as an effective solution for converting this waste into biogas, a renewable energy source. The research investigates the effects of different substrate combinations, including cow dung, vegetable waste, and water hyacinth, on biogas yield and methane content. Batch tests were conducted over 40 days, maintaining optimal waste-to-inoculum ratios. Results indicated that co-digestion significantly improved biogas production, with the highest yield (68.15%) observed from the mixture of fish waste and water hyacinth, compared to 50.2% from fish waste alone. The study highlights the importance of maintaining a balanced carbon-to-nitrogen ratio and optimizing operational parameters, such as temperature, to maximize methane output. Overall, this research underscores the potential of anaerobic co-digestion as a sustainable approach to waste management and renewable energy generation from fish waste.
Incidence of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among Final-Year Medical Students versus Internship Graduates of the Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University 2023
Authors: Al-Haddad KM , Raja'a YA , Al-Nuzaili AF , Al-Hakimi AA , Zayed AA , Al-Yosefi MA , Al-Madhfari RH , Khaled AR , Raja'a AY , Al-Garbani GA , Al-Yazidi NA , Al-Selmi SF
Published: August 2024

ABSTRACT
Background: Depression, anxiety, and stress among medical students are significant health issues because of their impact on the challenging journey in medicine.
Objective: To assess the degree of relief in depression, anxiety, and stress attributed to the graduation of final-year medical students from the Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Sana'a University, Yemen, in 2023.
Methodology: A cohort design was employed. There were 408 volunteers, with a response rate of 99.8%. They were contacted electronically through faculty registries. There were 212 final-year respondents and 197 interns. The data were collected via questionnaires that included sociodemographic characteristics and a validated self-administered DASS-21 questionnaire to assess depression, anxiety and stress. The collected data were analysed via SPSS version 26. Ethical Clearance Certificate, according to Helsinki Declaration, was obtained from the Faculty of Medicine, Sana'a University.
Results: Final-year medical students had incidence rates of 74.1% depression, 66% anxiety and 62.7% stress. However, 63.96% of internship graduates were depressed, 56.9% were anxious, and 45% were stressed. Relief was significantly associated with depression (p=0.032) and stress (p<0.0001), whereas anxiety was not significantly associated (p=0.067).
Conclusion: The rates of depression, anxiety and stress were high in both cohorts. The relief attributed to graduation was significant for depression and stress.
Modeling of milling forces in facing process of aluminum alloy AL7075 using the square inserts
Authors: Nguyen Nhu-Tung , Le Hai Xuan , Hoang Thinh Xuan , Nguyen Van-Hai , Nguyen Huu-Hung
Published: August 2024

Cutting forces play very important in designing the tool machine, cutting tool, and in optimization of machining processes. Modeling and prediction of cutting forces by theoretical methods are quite difficult, so, this study was focused on modeling the cutting force in face milling process using combination of theoretical and experimental methods. This study was performed to model the milling forces (MFs) and determine the milling force coefficients (MFCs) in the face milling process of aluminum alloy Al7075 using square inserts. From theoretical and experimental methods, the relationship of average milling forces (AMFs) and feed per flute (ft) were determined as the linear regression. Using experimental data, the linear regressions of AMFs and feed per flute were determined with high values of determination coefficients (larger than 95 %). MFCs were determined including shear and edge MFCs (tangential shear MFC (Ktc) of 538.127 N/mm2, radial shear MFC (Krc) of 185.967 N/mm2, axial shear MFC (Kac) of -691.297 N/mm2, tangential edge MFC (Kte) of 11.253 N/mm, radial edge MFC (Kre) of 6.991 N/mm, and axial edge MFC (Kae) of –32.971 N/mm. The MF models were successfully verified by comparing the measured and predicted MFs in face milling process of Al7075. The tendency and shape of predicted MFs were quite close to the measured ones. The differences between the predicted and the measured MFs can be due to the several reasons such as the influence of vibrations, the influence of cutting heat, etc., and these are also the limitations of this study. The modeling and prediction methods of this study can be used to model and predict the cutting forces in face milling of other milling types and other pairs of cutting tool and workpiece material as well
Identifying the influence of airbag structure on driver injury during a crash using a dummy model
Authors: Nguyen Minh Tien , Nguyen Ngoc Anh , Vu Quan Hai , Hoang Dat Trong
Published: August 2024

This study undertakes the analysis of collision scenario using a car model with a dummy and airbags, in the event of a direct collision with a hard wall, one of the necessary studies of passive safety. To describe in detail, the input conditions, a simulation problem of the driver's seat displacements was performed and this displacements data was exported as boundary conditions for the collision simulation. The results simulation crash show that the calculated energy values and simulation results are approximately the same (7.381E+07 and 7.367E+07), energy is converted from kinetic energy into internal energy of the elements. The airbag deployment simulation results are similar to NHTSA's previous research, both in terms of graph shape and maximum value. The impact of the collision incident on the driver is not excessively large, as evidenced by surveys on head (HIC 300), thigh (F 2.8 kN), and neck (F3,098 kN; T 190 Nm) injuries. However, the study proceeds to further analyze and assess the airbag's structure, examining its influence on these metrics, concluding that changes in the exhaust valve size (increase from 1000 mm2 to 2000 mm2) lead to a reduction in the evaluated parameters. These results suggest changes to the airbag structure to enhance driver safety, as well as a simpler simulation model to save analysis time
Evaluation of CNC lathe machine with fuzzy linguistic mcdm methods
Authors: Nhu Quy-Tho , Phan Dinh-Hieu , Tran Ngoc-Tien
Published: August 2024

CNC (Computerized Numerical Control) lathes have become integral to modern manufacturing and machining industries due to their ability to produce intricate parts with precision and efficiency. Not only do CNC lathes enhance productivity and accuracy, but they also minimize human error and enhance overall safety in the manufacturing process. Furthermore, the current market offers a wide array of diverse types of CNC lathes. Consequently, the evaluation and selection of CNC lathes pose a complex decision-making challenge as there are numerous types available, each with a variety of selection criteria for manufacturers to consider. It is crucial to make an informed choice, as improper evaluation and selection can have adverse effects on the overall performance of the production system. In this study, we propose using the fuzzy EDAS (Evaluation Based on Distance from Average Solution) model to evaluate and select CNC lathes. Initially, we employ the fuzzy analysis method, based on expert opinions, to establish a set of weights for the evaluation criteria. These criteria consist of seven factors: capital cost, spindle speed, distance between centers, rapid traverse rates in the X-axis and Z-axis, maximum machining diameter, and maximum machining length. Subsequently, the fuzzy EDAS object ranking model is utilized to evaluate and rank the CNC lathes, ultimately aiding in the selection of the most suitable machine for the manufacturer. The results obtained from our analysis reveal that the MICROTURN-300DX machine is the optimal choice, closely followed by the MICROTURN-300X machine. The study's findings serve as valuable guidelines for decision makers in selecting CNC lathes that align with the requirements of factory production. Moreover, the suggested approach can also be utilized to choose various other machine types as production demands become more intricate
Studying the influence of engine speed on the entire process of span-lowering of the heavy mechanized bridge
Authors: Le Duong Van , Tran Thang Duc , Dao Quyen Manh , Chu Dat Van
Published: August 2024

The paper presents a dynamic model of the TMM-3M heavy mechanized bridge during the span lowering stage. The model is constructed as a multi-body mechanical system, taking into account the elastic deformation of the cable, rear outriggers, front tires, and front suspension system. It is a mechanical model driven by a cable mechanism. Lagrangian equations of the second kind have been applied to establish a system of differential equations describing the oscillations of the mechanical system and serve as the basis for investigating the dynamics of the span-lowering process. The system of differential equations is solved using numerical methods based on MATLAB simulation software. The study has revealed laws of the displacement, velocity, and acceleration of components within the mechanical system, especially those related to the bridge span depending on the choice of the drive speed of the engine during lowering by operator. The research results show that the lowering time increases from 52 seconds to 104 seconds when the engine speed decreases from 1800 rpm to 900 rpm. The tension force on the cable is surveyed to confirm the safety conditions during the span-lowering process. The study also provides recommendations for selecting appropriate engine speeds to minimize span-lowering time while ensuring the safety conditions of the TMM-3M bridge during the span-lowering process. This research is an important part of a comprehensive study on the working process of the heavy mechanized bridge TMM-3M to make practical improvements, aiming to reduce deployment time, decrease the number of deployment crew members, and increase the automation capability of the equipment
Colorimetry method for nitrocellulose powder charge monitoring system
Authors: Anipko Oleg , Baulin Dmitro , Horielyshev Stanislav , Boikov Igor , Medvid Mykhailo , Plaksin Andrii , Ivanchenko Artem , Titov Ihor , Piskunov Stanislav
Published: August 2024

Nitrocellulose powders are unstable chemical compounds. Over time, the consumer properties of the powder charge can change so much that the charges will not only be unsuitable for their intended use, but also become dangerous for personnel and the barrel system. This is associated with the problem of establishing the terms of safe storage of powders and their operational suitability, the need for a constant system for monitoring their condition.
However, in developed NATO countries, there is practically no system for monitoring powder charges throughout their entire shelf life. Some countries have some components of the above-mentioned system, but its elements do not fully cover the entire spectrum of the state of powder charges.
For the monitoring system to work effectively, informative indicators are needed that allow determining the state of powder charges without the use of complex diagnostic equipment. One of such indicators is the color of the surface of the powder element.
In this study, an automated method for assessing the quality of nitrocellulose powder charges by the color of their surface for further use as intended was developed. The use of this method will significantly reduce the time of assessment and decision-making by experts, and eliminate subjectivity. In addition, the method will allow creating a database of powder charges for further monitoring of their condition throughout the entire life cycle.
To confirm the reliability and adequacy of the developed method, an experimental study was conducted. The study data showed that the proposed hypothesis is true, namely, during storage, nitrocellulose powder charges change the color of their surface, and it is possible to determine their shelf life
Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (Mycobacterium fortuitum) complex infection in a captive Soccoro dove (Zenaida graysoni)
Authors: KRAJEWSKA-WĘDZINA MONIKA , CZUJKOWSKA AGNIESZKA , KOZIŃSKA MONIKA , BOCHNIARZ MARIOLA , TRACZ ANNA , HAHAJ-SIEMBIDA AGATA , OSIŃSKA MARCELINA , TROŚCIAŃCZYK ALEKSANDRA , NOWAKIEWICZ ANETA
Published: August 2024

Mycobacteriosis caused by Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (formely Mycobacterium fortuitum) occurs all over the world and has been reported in mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and, most often, in fish. M. fortuitum mycobacteriosis in animals is usually fatal, especially in captive species. Cases in companion animals usually do not end in death, especially if the etiological agent has been isolated and the antibiotics susceptibility profile of the strain has been determined. This case study presents mycobacteriosis in a Socorro dove (Zenaida graysoni). The bird showed serious chronic signs from the central nervous system, such as balance disorders and difficulties staying on the perch. The necropsy revealed numerous irregularly sized foci of beige-yellow necrosis penetrating the liver, especially in the liver parenchyma and on the surface of this organ. Microbiological examination identified the cultured strain as the M. fortuitum complex. The mycobacterial infection with M. fortuitum in the Soccoro dove at the zoo had primarily a zoonotic aspect. Both the zoo staff and visitors were exposed to potential infection. Secondly, the occurrence of fatal mycobacteriosis in a bird species that no longer occurs in the wild could have ruined the efforts to keep this species alive in captivity.
Lights and shadows of teaching and studying biochemistry.
Authors: MONIKA JAMIOŁ , EWELINA KOSZTOWNY , ARLETTA BIELECKA , WIOLETA MOJSYM , JACEK WAWRZYKOWSKI , WITOLD KĘDZIERSKI , MARTA KANKOFER
Published: August 2024

The didactic process is well described by various models and approaches in the fields of pedagogy and psychology and current research include the influence of media and educational tools that affect the way knowledge is absorbed and the interaction between teachers and students, but also between students themselves. Integrating the neuroscience of the brain in the learning process allows us to better understand how the brain processes and remembers information and helps develop more effective teaching strategies. Teachers can use such principles to design lessons and teaching materials that stimulate the relevant areas of the brain and promote memorization. The teaching process evolves over time, which is why professional preparation of teachers is necessary. The effectiveness of teaching also depends on the motivation of students and their willingness to work systematically. Moreover, the challenges faced by teachers require the use of available tools to improve the teaching process. It is important to select teaching tools that are appropriate to both the specifics of the subject and the level of student engagement. The review describes the available innovative teaching methods and the authors’ own experience in using a flipped classroom, blended learning, quizzes, virtual cases and tutoring in teaching basic subjects to veterinary students, as well as organizing competitions for ideal teaching tools.
Ograniczanie zużycia antybiotyków w leczeniu zwierząt na terenie UE na podstawie raportów Europejskiego Nadzoru nad Weterynaryjnym Spożyciem Substancji Przeciwbakteryjnych
Authors: HERMAN KLAUDIA , NOWACZEK ANNA , URBAN-CHMIEL RENATA , PYZIK EWELINA , DEC MARTA
Published: August 2024

Misusage of antimicrobial substances in human and veterinary medicine may lead to increased occurrence of multidrug resistant bacteria, which causes a serious risk to public health. In order to monitor usage of antibiotics in the European Union, in 2009 the European Medicines Agency launched a project of European Surveillance of Veterinary Antimicrobial Consumption (ESVAC). The report presents data on the amount of antibiotics used as a part of treatment of infectious diseases in various species of animals in 31 European countries. The main aim of this article is to present newest statistical data on the amount of antimicrobials used in EU, as well as provide information on applicable legal regulations regarding the use of antibiotics. Information provided by EMA proves that in most countries of the EU, with the exception of Poland, the sales of antimicrobial agents significantly decreased.