bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Atypical antipsychotics olanzapine and clozapine increase bone loss in female rats with experimental periodontitis
Authors: Soares Mariana Alves , Costa André Luiz A. , Silva Natália L. C. , Martins Aline França , Matias Daiane Oliveira , Araujo Olga M. O. , Lopes Ricardo Tadeu , Takiya Christina Maeda , Miranda Ana Luisa P. , Miranda‐Alves Leandro , Tributino Jorge L. M.
Published: December 2022

Background and Objectives

Periodontitis is a highly prevalent disease in psychiatric patients, including those undergoing symptomatic treatment with second‐generation antipsychotics. Some of these drugs, such as clozapine (CLO) and olanzapine (OLA), have prominent metabolic effects such as weight gain, hyperglycemia, and dyslipidemia, which are risk factors for periodontitis. In addition to the metabolic effects, there are reports of changes in salivary flow, gingival bleeding, and caries. In this context, we aimed to evaluate if the metabolic effects of OLA and CLO alter periodontal parameters in an animal model of periodontitis without the environmental and psychosocial biases inherent to human diseases.

Methods

In the first set of experiments, male and female adult Wistar rats received oral administration of CLO, OLA, or vehicle for 45 days. They were evaluated for body mass composition and weight gain, blood glucose parameters (fasting and glucose tolerance and insulin resistance tests), and lipid profile (HDL, total cholesterol, and triglycerides). In a second set of experiments, the same measurements were performed in female rats exposed to the antipsychotics for 45 days and ligature‐induced periodontitis on the 30th day of treatment. Macroscopic measurements of exposed roots, microtomography in the furcation region of the first molar, and histological evaluation of the region between the first and second molars were evaluated to assess bone loss. Additionally, gingival measurements of myeloperoxidase activity and pro‐inflammatory cytokine TNF‐α were made.

Results

Only females exposed to OLA had more significant weight gain than controls. They also exhibited differences in glucose metabolism. Ligature‐induced periodontitis produced intense bone retraction without changing the density of the remaining structures. The bone loss was even higher in rats with periodontitis treated with OLA or CLO and was accompanied by a local increase in TNF‐α caused by CLO. These animals, however, did not exhibit the same metabolic impairments observed for animals without periodontitis.

Conclusion

The use of clozapine and olanzapine may be a risk factor for periodontal disease, independent of systemic metabolic alterations.
Congressional Bargaining and the Distribution of Grants
Authors: Rosenstiel Leah
Published: December 2022

In the United States, state and local governments receive over $700 billion annually in federal grants, yet relatively little is known about how Congress designs these programs. I formalize a theory of congressional bargaining over grants and test the theory using an original dataset of Senate amendments. The results suggest that congressional rules and political considerations shape, and at times distort, federal grant programs. While grant programs may be intended to improve education or provide health care, I find that members of Congress treat these programs as opportunities to procure more funding for their constituents. Further, I show how coalitions are shaped by the status quo policy and the distribution of population, poverty, and other demographic characteristics across states. These results have important implications for our understanding of the policymaking process and who benefits from federal programs.
Practical Aspects in the Study of Biological Photosensitization Including Reaction Mechanisms and Product Analyses: A Do's and Don'ts Guide†
Authors: Baptista Maurício S. , Cadet Jean , Greer Alexander , Thomas Andrés H.
Published: December 2022

The interaction of light with natural matter leads to a plethora of photosensitized reactions. These reactions cause the degradation of biomolecules, such as DNA, lipids, proteins, being therefore detrimental to the living organisms, or they can also be beneficial by allowing the treatment of several diseases by photomedicine. Based on the molecular mechanistic understanding of the photosensitization reactions, we propose to classify them in four processes: oxygen‐dependent (type I and type II processes) and oxygen‐independent [triplet‐triplet energy transfer (TTET) and photoadduct formation]. In here, these processes are discussed by considering a wide variety of approaches including time‐resolved and steady‐state techniques, together with solvent, quencher, and scavenger effects. The main aim of this survey is to provide a description of general techniques and approaches that can be used to investigate photosensitization reactions of biomolecules together with basic recommendations on good practices. Illustration of the suitability of these approaches is provided by the measurement of key biomarkers of singlet oxygen and one‐electron oxidation reactions in both isolated and cellular DNA. Our work is an educational review that is mostly addressed to students and beginners.
What drives economic growth forecast revisions?
Authors: Hadzi‐Vaskov Metodij , Ricci Luca Antonio , Werner Alejandro Mariano , Zamarripa Rene
Published: December 2022

This article investigates how the IMF WEO growth forecast revisions behave across different horizons and country groups. Our main findings suggest that (i) growth revisions in horizons closer to the actual are generally larger, more volatile, and more negative; (ii) on average, growth revisions are in the right direction, becoming progressively more responsive to forecast errors as horizons get closer to the actual year; (iii) growth revisions in systemic economies are relevant for growth revisions in all country groups; (iv) across vintages, revisions for a given time horizon are not autocorrelated; within vintages, they tend to be positively associated, suggesting a persistent perception of short‐term shocks; and (v) professional growth revisions are highly correlated.
Better policy interventions through intersectionality
Authors: Cole Elizabeth R. , Duncan Lauren E.
Published: December 2022

Deployment of intersectionality frameworks in policy design and implementation is a way to ensure that the means and goals of interventions are congruent with target populations’ understanding of their circumstances, their desired outcomes, and their empowerment. In this paper, we examine the ways concepts from psychology have been used to inform interventions and policies, and we use an intersectional lens to suggest improvements to these interventions to be more inclusive in their impact. We review three social policy interventions that were developed based on social psychological research: (1) sexual assault prevention programs based on bystander interventions; (2) so‐called “wise schooling” programs, intended to ameliorate gaps in academic achievement stemming from stereotype threat; and (3) programs aiming to foster pro‐environmental behavior, specifically, recyling. Following Cole's (2009) recommendations for using intersectionality in research in psychology together with the guiding principles that define Intersectionality‐Based Policy Analysis (Hankivsky et al., 2014), we interrogate how the psychological research that provides the foundation for these policies informs them at different points in the policy cycle and suggest alternatives designed to more equitably address these problems. Our analysis shows that these problems demand a multi‐level analysis that recognizes intersecting identities.
Suicide attempts and mental health diagnoses in combat‐injured service members: A retrospective cohort study
Authors: Walker Lauren E. , Poltavskiy Eduard , Howard Jeffrey T. , Janak Jud C. , Watrous Jessica , Alcover Karl , Pettey Warren B. P. , Ambardar Shiva , Meyer Eric , Gundlapalli Adi V. , Stewart Ian J.
Published: December 2022

Introduction

Examinations of risk factors for suicide attempt in United States service members at high risk of mental health diagnoses, such as those with combat injuries, are essential to guiding prevention and intervention efforts.

Methods

Retrospective cohort study of 8727 combat‐injured patients matched to deployed, non‐injured patients utilizing Department of Defense and Veterans Affairs administrative records.

Results

Combat injury was positively associated with suicide attempt in the univariate model (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 1.5–2.1), but lost significance after adjustment for mental health diagnoses. Utilizing Latent Transition Analysis in the combat‐injured group, we identified five mental/behavioral health profiles: (1) Few mental health diagnoses, (2) PTSD and depressive disorders, (3) Adjustment disorder, (4) Multiple mental health comorbidities, and (5) Multiple mental health comorbidities with alcohol use disorder (AUD). Multiple mental health comorbidities with AUD had the highest suicide attempt rate throughout the study and more than four times that of Multiple mental health comorbidities in the first study year (23.4 vs. 5.1 per 1000 person years, respectively).

Conclusion

Findings indicate that (1) combat injury's impact on suicide attempt is attenuated by mental health and (2) AUD with multiple mental health comorbidities confers heightened suicide attempt risk in combat‐injured service members.
Interspecific introgression patterns reveal the origins of worldwide cultivated bananas in New Guinea
Authors: Martin Guillaume , Cottin Aurélien , Baurens Franc‐Christophe , Labadie Karine , Hervouet Catherine , Salmon Frédéric , Paulo‐de‐la‐Reberdiere Nilda , Van den Houwe Ines , Sardos Julie , Aury Jean‐Marc , D'Hont Angélique , Yahiaoui Nabila
Published: December 2022

Hybridizations betweenMusaspecies and subspecies, enabled by their transport via human migration, were proposed to have played an important role in banana domestication. We exploited sequencing data of 226Musaceaeaccessions, including wild and cultivated accessions, to characterize the inter(sub)specific hybridization pattern that gave rise to cultivated bananas. We identified 11 genetic pools that contributed to cultivars, including two contributors of unknown origin. Informative alleles for each of these genetic pools were pinpointed and used to obtain genome ancestry mosaics of accessions. Diploid and triploid cultivars had genome mosaics involving three up to possibly seven contributors. The simplest mosaics were found for some diploid cultivars from New Guinea, combining three contributors, i.e.,banksiiandzebrinarepresentingMusa acuminatasubspecies and, more unexpectedly, the New Guinean speciesMusa schizocarpa. Breakpoints ofM. schizocarpaintrogressions were found to be conserved between New Guinea cultivars and the other analyzed diploid and triploid cultivars. This suggests that plants bearing theseM. schizocarpaintrogressions were transported from New Guinea and gave rise to currently cultivated bananas. Many cultivars showed contrasted mosaics with predominant ancestry from their geographical origin across Southeast Asia to New Guinea. This revealed that further diversification occurred in different Southeast Asian regions through hybridization with otherMusa(sub)species, including two unknown ancestors that we propose to beM. acuminatassp.halabanensisand a yet to be characterizedM. acuminatasubspecies. These results highlighted a dynamic crop formation process that was initiated in New Guinea, with subsequent diversification throughout Southeast Asia.
The Miyaoka–Yau inequality on smooth minimal models
Authors: Liu Wanxing
Published: December 2022

In this short note, we offer an observation that the Miyaoka–Yau inequality holds for any compact Kähler manifold with nef canonical bundle, that is, a smooth minimal model. It follows directly from the existence of cscK metrics in a neighborhood of the canonical class which was confirmed both by the work of Dyrefelt and Song using different approaches.
Algebraic fibring of a hyperbolic 7‐manifold
Authors: Fisher Sam P.
Published: December 2022

We show that there is a finite‐volume, hyperbolic 7‐manifold that algebraically fibres with finitely presented kernel of type . This manifold is a finite cover of the one constructed by Italiano–Martelli–Migliorini.
Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 maintains NO‐mediated flow‐mediated dilatation in human adipose resistance arterioles
Authors: Chabowski Dawid S. , Hughes William E. , Hockenberry Joseph C. , LoGiudice John , Beyer Andreas M. , Gutterman David D.
Published: December 2022

Microvascular dysfunction predicts adverse cardiovascular events despite absence of large vessel disease. A shift in the mediator of flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) from nitric oxide (NO) to mitochondrial‐derived hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) occurs in arterioles from patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). The underlying mechanisms governing this shift are not completely defined. Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) is a transmembrane protein that dephosphorylates lysophosphatidic acid, a bioactive lipid, causing a receptor‐mediated increase in reactive oxygen species. A single nucleotide loss‐of‐function polymorphism in the gene coding for LPP3 (rs17114036) is associated with elevated risk for CAD, independent of traditional risk factors. LPP3 is suppressed by miR‐92a, which is elevated in the circulation of patients with CAD. Repression of LPP3 increases vascular inflammation and atherosclerosis in animal models. We investigated the role of LPP3 and miR‐92a as a mechanism for microvascular dysfunction in CAD. We hypothesized that modulation of LPP3 is critically involved in the disease‐associated shift in mediator of FMD. LPP3 protein expression was reduced in left ventricle tissue from CAD relative to non‐CAD patients (P = 0.004), with mRNA expression unchanged (P = 0.96). Reducing LPP3 expression (non‐CAD) caused a shift from NO to H2O2 (% maximal dilatation: Control 78.1 ± 11.4% vs. Peg‐Cat 30.0 ± 11.2%; P < 0.0001). miR‐92a is elevated in CAD arterioles (fold change: 1.9 ± 0.01 P = 0.04), while inhibition of miR‐92a restored NO‐mediated FMD (CAD), and enhancing miR‐92a expression (non‐CAD) elicited H2O2‐mediated dilatation (P < 0.0001). Our data suggests LPP3 is crucial in the disease‐associated switch in the mediator of FMD.

image

Key points

Lipid phosphate phosphatase 3 (LPP3) expression is reduced in heart tissue patients with coronary artery disease (CAD).

Loss of LPP3 in CAD is associated with an increase in the LPP3 inhibitor, miR‐92a.

Inhibition of LPP3 in the microvasculature of healthy patients mimics the CAD flow‐mediated dilatation (FMD) phenotype.

Inhibition of miR‐92a restores nitric oxide‐mediated FMD in the microvasculature of CAD patients.
NGSS says Yes! to teaching circuits
Authors: Calmer Joseph , Lincoln James
Published: December 2022

For the past 10 years, the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS) have been available standards for K–12 science education and have been adopted in many states. For example, California adopted a version of the NGSS known as the California NGSS Framework. Other supporting materials have been published for implementation and curricular guidance in the form of Appendices, Evidence Statements, District Guides, and Department Curriculum Guides. Despite all the guides and guidance, there still remain large curricular discrepancies among schools, districts, and states. Here we will highlight one such discrepancy that has been observed in our work with physics teachers around the state of California, specifically whether we should be teaching circuits. In this article, the authors demonstrate that the NGSS contain both explicit and implicit performance expectations that support circuit experiments as a standard part of the high school physics curriculum.
A Qualitative Approach to the Electromagnetic Induction Fostered by Augmented Reality
Authors: Berger Roland , Lensing Philipp
Published: December 2022

In physics education, the topic of electromagnetic induction is an important but also challenging topic for many students. The early introduction of formulae, e.g., Faraday’s law of induction, seems to hinder rather than to foster the understanding of the topic’s underlying principles. In this paper, we present the basic idea for a teaching concept that can be helpful for a qualitative understanding of electromagnetic induction. To support this teaching concept further, we have developed an application for a tablet computer following the augmented reality approach. The tablet measures the magnetic field strength of a Helmholtz coil and superimposes the corresponding number of virtual field lines on the induction coil.
Supporting Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in an Introductory Physics Course
Authors: Rieger Georg W. , McIver Jess , Mazabel Silvia , Burkholder Eric W.
Published: December 2022

It is often challenging for physics instructors to dedicate time during a course to engage students in developing strategic approaches to learning in addition to problem-solving skills and content knowledge. In this work, we introduce a simple modification to our teaching practice with the purpose of fostering student development of self-regulated learning (SRL). Instructional practices supportive of self-regulated learning are associated with positive academic, social, and personal outcomes in higher education. Research also indicates that students can improve in their self-regulation over time, and we demonstrate that instructors can support this development in class with strategies that require minimal class time. In the context of classroom instruction, we can think of SRL as an intentional, active, and goal-driven engagement in learning activities that relies on metacognitive knowledge and skills.
Brewster’s Angle as Never Seen Before
Authors: Doval Alejandro , Fuente Raul de la
Published: December 2022

In this paper, we discuss a demonstration we have been performing for years with students from different levels, from physics students from our university to high school students in some talks aimed at encouraging them to study science. It provides visualization of Brewster’s angle in an ingenious way using a “loaded” liquid crystal display (LCD) monitor lacking its front polarizing filter. The demonstration is based on observing the hidden image of this loaded LCD reflected in a transparent plate. In some way, we deal with a reverse version of what happens when a vampire faces a mirror and sees no reflected image of himself.
The Optimal Throwing Angle for a “Soft” Toss
Authors: Marx Jeffrey
Published: December 2022

The various aspects of projectile motion have been analyzed many times in this journal. As a sample, over the years, authors have investigated particular details of the path of a projectile and different situations for launching projectiles. Others have written about a nifty way to determine the maximum height of a projectile, finding the range of a projectile under very general circumstances, and the challenging question of how to hit a moving target. Finally, some authors have published articles detailing fun and interesting approaches to using projectile motion in the classroom or laboratory. This paper will examine a practical projectile motion question involving the game of catch. Specifically, we will find the angle at which a thrower should toss a ball such that its speed when caught is a minimum.
Global Voices in Science: Are We Listening?
Authors: Kumar Alok
Published: December 2022

Science does not belong to just one civilization, one culture, one country, or one gender; it belongs to all who want to unfold the mysteries of nature. Most scientists agree that science currently is, and indeed always has been, international and multicultural in character. Our teaching at all levels should reflect this multiculturalism as part of the true nature of science. At present, however, it does not. This is not primarily due to a lack of historical information; it is due to the way popular introductory physics textbooks are written. It is time to correct the situation.
Derivation of the Field Due to a Magnetic Dipole Without Use of the Vector Potential
Authors: Proctor John E. , Gould Harvey Thomas
Published: December 2022

The mathematical form of the magnetic field due to a current loop, and the fact that it is identical to the electric field due to an electric dipole in the far field, are fundamental to our understanding of electromagnetism. While undergraduate level electromagnetism textbooks usually derive the electric field from an electric dipole, few derive the magnetic field from a current loop. Most simply state it without proof, or perform the derivation for simpler cases such as the on-axis field. Those that perform the derivation use the magnetic vector potential, a relatively advanced concept that most undergraduate students would not encounter until their final year of study, if at all. Here, a simple derivation to obtain the magnetic field due to a current loop in the far-field approximation is presented. The derivation begins from the Biot–Savart law and does not require the vector potential. The problem is set up so that only a single integration is necessary (from angle α = 0 to α = 2π around the current loop), and the result is compared with that for the electric field surrounding an electric dipole.
An improved equipotential lab for parallel plates
Authors: Birriel Jennifer J.
Published: December 2022

The typical equipotential lab involves students sampling points in an electrode configuration: they move the probe around until they find a series of points with the same potential. Other authors have highlighted some difficulties with the traditional lab approach: most do not allow real-time visualization of equipotential lines, and students often seem to rely conceptually on single point charge equipotential models or Coulomb’s laws. I propose a different approach to the parallel plate lab: Students are directed to set up a grid of equally spaced points between parallel plates. Students measure and record probe voltages in a spreadsheet and analyze voltages as a function of x and y. I demonstrate typical results and briefly discuss possible extensions.
Uses for the HEC BB Bag in Physics Instruction
Authors: Hull Michael M. , Becker Manuel , Budimaier Florian , Abe Haruki , Funahashi Haruhiko
Published: December 2022

In this article, we will present the HEC BB bag, a simple but elegant model originally invented to help students imagine how air molecules move around in vacuum. The HEC BB bag is made by packing 20 to 30 BBs in a resealable plastic bag of several tens of square centimeters (see Fig. 1). When inflated fully via a straw, the volume of the bag is about 5 L in volume (see below for specifications).
What gives musical instruments their sound?
Authors: Vogt Patrik , Kuhn Jochen
Published: December 2022

If different musical instruments produce a sound of the same frequency and amplitude, we can easily distinguish the instruments from each other and with little prior experience even name them correctly (Fig. 1). This is possible because each musical instrument has its own characteristic sound, which is called timbre. But what gives musical instruments their individual sound? Since the most common explanation is incomplete, this article would like to give an answer to this question.
Electrocorticography reveals the dynamics of famous voice responses in human fusiform gyrus
Authors: Rhone Ariane E. , Rupp Kyle , Hect Jasmine L. , Harford Emily , Tranel Daniel , Howard Matthew A. , Abel Taylor J.
Published: December 2022

Interactions between auditory and visual cortices play an important role in person identification, but the dynamics of these interactions remain poorly understood. We performed direct brain recordings of fusiform face cortex in human epilepsy patients performing a famous voice naming task, revealing the dynamics of famous voice processing in human fusiform face cortex. The findings support a model of top-down interactions from auditory to visual cortex to facilitate famous voice recognition.
Medicine Adherence and Associated Factors in Immigrants and Refugees: A Systematic Review
Authors: Patel Damini , Jalal Zahraa , Guo Ping
Published: December 2022

Medicine nonadherence is a major contributing factor to morbidity and mortality. Almost half of the chronically ill patients are nonadherent to their medication. Vulnerable groups like immigrants and refugees are at a higher risk of poor medication adherence. This study aims to determine the rate of medicine adherence and the factors associated with medicine nonadherence in a population of immigrants and refugees. A protocol-led (PROSPERO ID: CRD42021285419) systematic review was conducted by searching PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library for studies published between 1st January 2000 and 4th November 2021. PRISMA guidelines were followed. The NIH quality assessment tool and CASP checklist were used to quality assess the papers. Data were searched, screened, and extracted. Extracted data were tabulated for descriptive and narrative analyses. 15 studies were conducted across six countries including participants with various medical conditions. The rate of medicine adherence reported ranged from 10.1% to 74.5%. Higher rates of nonadherence were observed in immigrants and refugees compared to migrant and native groups. Socio-economic factors, including language proficiency, level of education, and financial burden, and patient-related factors involving cultural behaviours and beliefs were common themes for nonadherence among immigrants and refugees. Further research is required to address the effect of nonadherence on clinical outcomes. Studies should focus on using a consistent definition of adherence and the same objective methods to measure rates of adherence to allow for meta-analysis of data and definitive results. Healthcare professionals (HCPs) are recommended to target interventions at improving adherence and reducing modifiable risk factors in immigrants and refugees, thus reducing health disparities among the population.
Relapse of NPM1-Mutated AML with Extramedullary Manifestation 17 Years after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation
Authors: Braune Jan , Rieger Kathrin , Blau Olga , Keller Ulrich , Bullinger Lars , Krönke Jan
Published: December 2022

The majority of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with the NPM1 mutation achieve remission with intensive chemotherapy. However, many patients subsequently relapse, which occurs frequently within the first 2–3 years after therapy, while late relapse after more than 10 years is rare and can also represent secondary/therapy-associated AML without the NPM1 mutation. Here, we present a case of NPM1-mutated AML that developed medullary and extramedullary relapse 17 years after allogeneic stem cell transplantation, maintaining the NPM1 mutation and all other genetic alterations detected at first diagnosis. This exceptionally long latency between diagnosis and relapse of a genetically highly related leukemic clone implies the existence of therapy-resistant, persisting dormant leukemic stem cells in NPM1 mutant AML.
Numerical Investigations on Unsteady Features of Rounded Trailing Edge Airfoils
Authors: Shu Bowen , Gao Zhenghong , Zhou Lin , Chen Shusheng
Published: December 2022

As a practical rounded trailing edge airfoil for coaxial rotors, DBLN-526 is a fore and aft symmetrical airfoil with two steps on its lower side. This airfoil has been used at the inboard section of the coaxial rotor system. As there are always two eddies behind the airfoil because of its rounded trailing edge, the interaction between the separation and transition should be considered. Thus, the unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes- (RANS-) based

γ
−

Re
¯

θ
t

model was used to analyze the unsteady transition and separation features. Three different rounded trailing-edge airfoils were compared with DBLN-526. Power spectrum density analysis and

Δ
Cl

calculations demonstrated that the lift coefficient fluctuation of DBLN-526 was smaller than that of other rounded airfoils with different angles. Further investigation indicated that the locations of transition for DBLN-526 can be fixed at a wide range of angles by the unique design on its lower side. Because of this settled transition location, the size of separation is decreased, and the position of separation is settled as well, which leads to a lower lift coefficient fluctuation. The turbulent kinetic energy after the transition was higher, which injected a lot of energy into the boundary layer, and the separation zone near the transition position was relatively smaller. This study provides an indication for controlling separation and reducing unsteady fluctuations for rounded trailing edge airfoils.
A Midcourse Guidance Method Combined with Trajectory Prediction for Antinear-Space-Gliding Vehicles
Authors: Wan JiaQing , Zhang Qian , Zhang Hao , Liu JiaNing
Published: December 2022

Near-space-gliding vehicles have variable maneuver modes and dramatic changes in their ballistic parameters, which lead to a need to accurately predict an intercept point based on predictions of their trajectories. First, a trajectory prediction method builds a set of time-varying maneuver models based on flight missions combined with an adaptive grid to infer maneuver modes. An interactive multiple-model method of variable structure is proposed to identify the characteristics of the maneuver mode by introducing a fading factor and the modified Markov probability transfer matrix and then predict the trajectory through numerical integration. In the midcourse guidance method, the prediction of the target trajectory is introduced, and the zero-control interception manifold with intersection angle constraints is designed as the midcourse guidance terminal constraint. For the calculation of the starting time of the boost phase, the optimization solution satisfying the remaining flight time constraint is realized based on the Newton-Raphson iterative method. The analytical expression of a guidance command based on zero-error-miss/zero-error-velocity is established on the basis of the optimal control theory to provide an optimal flight path guiding an NSGV fly toward a point of interception. The simulation results show that the trajectory-prediction method has high prediction accuracy and strong convergency for typical maneuver modes, and the proposed midcourse guidance algorithm meets the requirements of the zero-effort intercept manifold with the intersection angle constraints, which is of important theoretical significance and acts as a reference value for intercepting high-velocity maneuver targets.
Text Sentiment Analysis Based on a New Hybrid Network Model
Authors: Zhou Yancong , Zhang Qian , Wang Dongdong , Gu Xiaoying
Published: December 2022

The research of text sentiment analysis based on deep learning is increasingly rich, but the current models still have different degrees of deviation in understanding of semantic information. In order to reduce the loss of semantic information and improve the prediction accuracy as much as possible, the paper creatively combines the doc2vec model with the deep learning model and attention mechanism and proposes a new hybrid sentiment analysis model based on the doc2vec + CNN + BiLSTM + Attention. The new hybrid model effectively exploits the structural features of each part. In the model, the understanding of the overall semantic information of the sentence is enhanced through the paragraph vector pretrained by the doc2vec structure which can effectively reduce the loss of semantic information. The local features of the text are extracted through the CNN structure. The context information interaction is completed through the bidirectional cycle structure of the BiLSTM. The performance is improved by allocating weight and resources to the text information of different importance through the attention mechanism. The new model was built based on Keras framework, and performance comparison experiments and analysis were performed on the IMDB dataset and the DailyDialog dataset. The results have shown that the accuracy of the new model on the two datasets is 91.3% and 93.3%, respectively, and the loss rate is 22.1% and 19.9%, respectively. The accuracy on the IMDB datasets is 1.0% and 0.5% higher than that of the CNN-BiLSTM-Attention model and ATT-MCNN-BGRUM model in the references. Comprehensive comparison has shown the overall performance is improved, and the new model is effective.
Optimization of Microwave-Assisted Extraction Method for Increased Extraction Yield and Total Phenol Content from Moringa Leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam.) var. PKM 1
Authors: Gunalan Sandeep , Thangaiah Arumugam , Janaki Janavi Gnanaguru , Thiyagarajan Anitha , Kuppusamy Senthil , Arunachalam Lakshmanan
Published: December 2022

Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is an incredible plant with a storehouse of essential nutrients such as proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals such as phenols, flavonoids, glycosides, and sterioids. From the qualitative screening, phytochemical was highly present in hydroethanolic extracts. Through hydroethanolic extraction, the recovery of these biomolecules could be achieved throughadvanced novel extraction methods such as microwave-assisted extraction. The main aim of this experimental trial is to optimize three independent factors including power (500 W–700 W), temperature (30°C–50°C), and extraction time (20 min–40 min) consisting of two levels of dependent variables such as extraction yield (EY) and total phenol content (TPC) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) constructed by Central Composite Design (CCD) with 20 trial runs. The optimized extraction method recorded 14.64 to 17.65% of extraction yield and 63.36 to 76.40 mg GA/gram of total phenol content. As a result of the optimization of microwave-assisted extraction, the recovery of biomolecules from the dried moringa leaves is achieved by increasing the extraction temperature and time with the microwave power of the instrument.
Association between the Systolic Blood Pressure Trajectory and Risk of Stroke in a Health-Management Population in Jiaozuo, China
Authors: Li Jiejie , Zhang Yanru , Xie Xiangdong , Han Guohui
Published: December 2022

The trajectories of systolic blood pressure (SBP) in a screening population in Jiaozuo were examined, and the association between the different types of SBP trajectories and the risk of stroke was evaluated. Data of a fixed cohort population from the Jiaozuo Stroke Prevention and Control Project Management Special Database System that underwent community screening in 2015, 2017, 2019, and 2021 were collected. Ultimately, a total of 1,451 participants who met the inclusion criteria for this study were included in the analysis, which was performed using group trajectory modeling. The baseline SBP for each trajectory subgroup was characterized at follow-up. Kaplan–Meier analysis for each trajectory group was also performed, and the relationship between the SBP trajectory and risk of stroke onset during follow-up was validated using a Cox proportional hazards model. Based on the SBP from 2015 to 2021, this cohort population was divided into three groups based on the trajectory development patterns: the low-stable group (37.6%), the moderate-increasing group (53.4%), and the high-acutely increasing group (9%). Gender, age, body mass index, diastolic blood pressure, and fasting blood glucose level were predictive factors for the SBP trajectory group. The cumulative survival risk in the high-acutely increasing group was higher than that of the other two groups. After adjusting for potential confounding factors and using the low-stable group as a reference, the hazard ratios (95% confidence interval) for the risk of stroke onset in the moderate-increasing and high-acutely increasing groups were 1.38 (0.91–2.07) and 1.51 (0.82–2.76), respectively. The results of the analysis demonstrate that higher blood pressure trajectories are associated with a higher risk of stroke and that the risk of stroke can be reduced by better control and management of the SBP.
The Impact of Mass Drug Administration on Lymphatic Filariasis
Authors: Aboagye Isaac Frimpong , Addison Yvonne Abena Afadua
Published: December 2022

Mass drug administration (MDA) has made a significant impact on the control of lymphatic filariasis (LF) since the establishment of the Global Programme to Eliminate Lymphatic Filariasis. However, its implementation is associated with several challenges, hampering interruption of parasite transmission and LF elimination in endemic areas. This study assessed the impact of MDA by comparing baseline microfilaria and antigen prevalence with those after three years (mid-term) and ≥5 years of MDA implementation and their respective prevalence reductions and identified specific challenges that may hinder its effective implementation. Three years of MDA implementation were observed to have microfilaria prevalence reductions (88.54% to 98.66%) comparable to those of studies that implemented MDA for five to 10 years (≥5 years, 79.23% to 98.26%). Inadequate community understanding of and participation in the LF MDA programme are major drawbacks to its effective implementation. The implementation of MDA that incorporates community participation, incentivisation, education, and training strategies has the potential of increasing MDA coverage and compliance, thereby interrupting parasite transmission and reducing microfilarial prevalence to levels that warrant LF elimination.
Dynamic Analysis and Chaos Control for a NEV Enterprise and a Competitive TEV Enterprise under the CAFC‐NEV Mandate
Authors: Zhao Liuwei , Jiang Hongyun
Published: December 2022

This paper studies the complexity analysis in production between competition and R&D for a traditional energy vehicles enterprise and a new energy vehicles enterprise under the introduction of corporate average fuel consumption credits and new energy vehicle credits mandate. From the internal perspective of market complexity evolution, this paper analyzes the internal mechanism of market competition fluctuation and discusses the influence of different corresponding speeds of enterprises on market stability through the nonlinear dynamics’ theory. The research results show that the adjustment coefficient of R&D investment and the price coefficient of credit transactions are the key factors affecting the competitive strategies of the two companies. The difference between these two factors will even change the relative R&D investment intensity, relative profitability, and market stability of the two companies in a balanced state. In addition, the numerical analysis showed that the time‐delay feedback control method could control the unstable behavior of the dynamic system efficiently and quickly and make the market quickly recover a stable and orderly state, which provided a scientific basis for decision makers to effectively solve the market instability.
Research on the Creep and Fatigue Evaluation Method of the Double-Layered Annulus Metal Hydride Bed Combined with Numerical Modeling and ASME Code
Authors: Zhao Ping , Zeng XiangGuo , Chen Huayan , Zhang Xiuming
Published: December 2022

Applied to a hydrogen absorption-desorption cycle, the hydrogen storage bed will experience higher exchange temperatures and variety of mechanical load. Due to the complex structure of the double-layered annulus metal hydride bed and the importance of thermal stress on the failure of a metal hydride bed, the numerical modeling of its hot spot stress was carefully carried out. Moreover, in this paper, an analysis method considering the limit failure mode condition is proposed to deal with the stress analysis in the process of hydrogen absorption and desorption. According to the proposed analysis method, the maximum stress of thermal-structural coupling in the process of hydrogen absorption occurs at about 1/3 along the diameter direction and at the geometric mutation of the connection between the cooling pipe and the main body of the hydrogen storage bed in the process of hydrogen desorption. Apart from that, the hydrogen storage bed is also subjected to thermal-mechanical fatigue by the iterative process of absorption and desorption, and its operating temperature range is in the thermal creep temperature region. Based on the distribution of the stress and temperature, evaluation hot sites were selected and the ASME-NB and ASME-NH codes were used to evaluate fatigue and fatigue creep, respectively. The evaluation showed that the fatigue damage generated during its service life is small, while the creep damage is relatively large and the total damage generated during the service life of the hydrogen storage bed is within the safe range. Aiming at the structure and complex process of a double-layer hydrogen storage bed, creep and fatigue evaluation methods are proposed, various failure modes of hydrogen storage bed are highlighted, and the relationship between process parameters and life is established.
Machine Learning and Real-World Data to Predict Lung Cancer Risk in Routine Care
Authors: Chandran Urmila , Reps Jenna , Yang Robert , Vachani Anil , Maldonado Fabien , Kalsekar Iftekhar
Published: December 2022

Background:

This study used machine learning to develop a 3-year lung cancer risk prediction model with large real-world data in a mostly younger population.

Methods:

Over 4.7 million individuals, aged 45 to 65 years with no history of any cancer or lung cancer screening, diagnostic, or treatment procedures, with an outpatient visit in 2013 were identified in Optum's de-identified Electronic Health Record (EHR) dataset. A least absolute shrinkage and selection operator model was fit using all available data in the 365 days prior. Temporal validation was assessed with recent data. External validation was assessed with data from Mercy Health Systems EHR and Optum's de-identified Clinformatics Data Mart Database. Racial inequities in model discrimination were assessed with xAUCs.

Results:

The model AUC was 0.76. Top predictors included age, smoking, race, ethnicity, and diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The model identified a high-risk group with lung cancer incidence 9 times the average cohort incidence, representing 10% of patients with lung cancer. Model performed well temporally and externally, while performance was reduced for Asians and Hispanics.

Conclusions:

A high-dimensional model trained using big data identified a subset of patients with high lung cancer risk. The model demonstrated transportability to EHR and claims data, while underscoring the need to assess racial disparities when using machine learning methods.

Impact:

This internally and externally validated real-world data-based lung cancer prediction model is available on an open-source platform for broad sharing and application. Model integration into an EHR system could minimize physician burden by automating identification of high-risk patients.
Flavonifractor plautii
Protects Against Elevated Arterial Stiffness
Authors: Luo Shiyun , Zhao Yawen , Zhu Shanshan , Liu Ludi , Cheng Ken , Ye Bingqi , Han Yueyuan , Fan Jiahua , Xia Min
Published: December 2022

Background:

Dysbiosis of gut microbiota plays a pivotal role in vascular dysfunction and microbial diversity was reported to be inversely correlated with arterial stiffness. However, the causal role of gut microbiota in the progression of arterial stiffness and the specific species along with the molecular mechanisms underlying this change remain largely unknown.

Methods:

Participants with elevated arterial stiffness and normal controls free of medication were matched for age and sex. The microbial composition and metabolic capacities between the 2 groups were compared with the integration of metagenomics and metabolomics. Subsequently, Ang II (angiotensin II)-induced and humanized mouse model were employed to evaluate the protective effect of
Flavonifractor plautii
(
F plautii
) and its main effector cis-aconitic acid.

Results:

Human fecal metagenomic sequencing revealed a significantly high abundance and centrality of
F plautii
in normal controls, which was absent in the microbial community of subjects with elevated arterial stiffness. Moreover, blood pressure only mediated part of the effect of
F plautii
on lower arterial stiffness. The microbiome of normal controls exhibited an enhanced capacity for glycolysis and polysaccharide degradation, whereas, those of subjects with increased arterial stiffness were characterized by increased biosynthesis of fatty acids and aromatic amino acids. Integrative analysis with metabolomics profiling further suggested that increased cis-aconitic acid served as the main effector for the protective effect of
F plautii
against arterial stiffness. Replenishment with
F plautii
and cis-aconitic acid improved elastic fiber network and reversed increased pulse wave velocity through the suppression of MMP-2 (matrix metalloproteinase-2) and inhibition of MCP-1 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) and NF-κB (nuclear factor kappa-B) activation in both Ang II-induced and humanized model of arterial stiffness.

Conclusions:

Our translational study identifies a novel link between
F plautii
and arterial function and raises the possibility of sustaining vascular health by targeting gut microbiota.
Flow Diverter Performance for the Treatment of Intracranial Aneurysms: An International Multicenter Comparative Study
Authors: Vivanco‐Suarez Juan , Flores Juan E. Basilio , Rodriguez‐Calienes Aaron , Miranda Juan Carlos , Foa Gustavo , Altschul David , Aguilar‐Melgar Joel A. , Dajles Andres , Galecio‐Castillo Milagros , Zevallos Cynthia B. , Farooqui Mudassir , Puri Ajit S. , Baca Henry Pacheco‐Fernandez , Ortega‐Gutierrez Santiago
Published: December 2022

Background

Current evidence comparing flow diverters (FDs) for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms is limited to single‐arm head‐to‐head retrospective and prospective studies. Herein, we aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of four FDs for the treatment of intracranial aneurysms.

Methods

We performed a retrospective, multicenter international cohort study of adult patients treated with FDs (Pipeline embolization device, Surpass Streamline, Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device, and Silk) for intracranial aneurysms between 2015 and 2021. Efficacy was determined by aneurysm occlusion at final follow‐up. Safety was determined by ischemic/hemorrhagic events and mortality. Secondary safety was assessed by technical complications. A mixed‐effect multivariable ordinal and logistic regression were performed to evaluate variables that predicted the outcomes of interest.

Results

We included 235 patients with 274 aneurysms. Treatment was performed with either the Pipeline embolization device (92), Surpass Streamline (56), Flow Redirection Endoluminal Device (47), and Silk (40). Median age was 57 (47–65) years. Most patients were asymptomatic (76%), and 8% had previous rupture. Most aneurysms were saccular (85%) and anterior (94%). The Pipeline embolization device subgroup had the largest aneurysms (6 mm,P=0.005). Median follow‐up time was 9 (6–14) months. Final overall complete occlusion was 72% without significant differences between FDs (P=0.5). Total ischemic (5%) and hemorrhagic (3%) events were also similar (P=0.1 andP=0.06). One patient expired (0.4%,P=0.6). In multivariable analysis, device diameter predicted aneurysm persistence and ≥50% in‐stent stenosis predicted ischemic/hemorrhagic complications.

Conclusions

Our findings comparing 4commonly used FDs in a heterogeneous population with mainly small‐sized aneurysms confirmed a similar safety and efficacy profile between devices.