bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneity in establishment of polyethylene glycol-mediated plasmid transformations for five forest pathogenic Phytophthora species
Authors: Dort Erika N. , Hamelin Richard C.
Published: September 2024

Plasmid-mediated DNA transformation is a foundational molecular technique and the basis for most CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing systems. While plasmid transformations are well established for many agricultural Phytophthora pathogens, development of this technique in forest Phytophthoras is lacking. Given our long-term research objective to develop CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing in a forest pathogenic Phytophthora species, we sought to establish the functionality of polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated plasmid transformation in five species: P. cactorum, P. cinnamomi, P. cryptogea, P. ramorum, and P. syringae. We used the agricultural pathogen P. sojae, a species for which PEG-mediated transformations are well-established, as a transformation control. Using a protocol previously optimized for P. sojae, we tested transformations in the five forest Phytophthoras with three different plasmids: two developed for CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing and one developed for fluorescent protein tagging. Out of the five species tested, successful transformation, as indicated by stable growth of transformants on a high concentration of antibiotic selective growth medium and diagnostic PCR, was achieved only with P. cactorum and P. ramorum. However, while transformations in P. cactorum were consistent and stable, transformations in P. ramorum were highly variable and yielded transformants with very weak mycelial growth and abnormal morphology. Our results indicate that P. cactorum is the best candidate to move forward with CRISPR-Cas9 protocol development and provide insight for future optimization of plasmid transformations in forest Phytophthoras.
Association of personal and professional factors, resilience and quality of life of registered nurses in a university medical city in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alshehry Abdualrahman Saeed
Published: September 2024

This study assessed the resilience of nurses in Saudi Arabia during the corona virus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and examined its influence on their quality of life (QOL). A sample of 356 nurses was surveyed in this quantitative, cross-sectional study using the Resilience Scale for Nurses and the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF) from October 2020 to March 2021. The nurses reported the highest resilience score on “situational pattern”, while the lowest score was on “relational pattern.” The nurses had good perceptions on their overall QOL and health and rated their “social relationship” as having the highest quality, while their “environmental” domain as having the least quality. Gender, marital status, provision of direct nursing care to COVID-19 patients, “philosophical pattern”, “situational pattern” and “dispositional pattern” had multivariate impacts on the QOL dimensions. The study concluded that being resilient can positively impact the nurses’ QOL during stressful situations, such as the COVID-19 pandemic.
Parametric modeling and engineering application of the high-speed continuous beam bridge based on Building Information Modeling
Authors: Jiang Hanwen , Ma Zhiliang , Li Yi , Wu Daixuan , Sai Han , Zhang Kun , Chen Kun
Published: September 2024

To improve the informatization and intelligence level of high-speed railway (HSR) bridge construction, a parametric modeling method for continuous beam bridges based on Building Information Modeling (BIM) is proposed in this study. By this method, the parametric families of continuous beam components and key construction machinery are established, and the rapid modeling of overall continuous beam bridge and the simulation of critical construction process are realized as well. Taking the Caoxian-Shangqiu bridge of Xiong’an-Shangqiu HSR as a case study, the parametric modeling method is applied to conduct the engineering application on the prestressed duct layout and rebar clash detection. The results indicate that the modeling efficiencies of HSR continuous beam bridge and construction machinery are significantly increased by the established parametric modeling method. Based on the BIM model of continuous beam bridge, the improvement in the precision of prestressed duct layout and the elimination of rebar clash points can be achieved. The research achievement can guide the visualization of construction disclosure, enhance construction efficiency, and provide reference and technical support for the construction management and control of HSR continuous beam bridges.
Parenting stress, dyadic coping and endocrine markers of stress and resilience in foster and biological mothers
Authors: Reindl Vanessa , Lohaus Arnold , Heinrichs Nina , Konrad Kerstin
Published: September 2024

Foster parents have been shown to report higher levels of parenting stress but also more dyadic coping (DC) behaviors in their partnership than biological parents, which might be an important protective factor that helps them cope with daily stressors. Here, we examined how parenting stress and DC are related in foster and biological parents and whether these are reflected in long-term alterations of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity. A total of 79 foster mothers and 131 biological mothers participated in a longitudinal study. At the initial assessment, children were aged 2–7 years and lived for an average of 18 months in their current foster family. Mothers’ cortisol and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) concentrations and their cortisol/DHEA ratios were assessed in scalp hair twice with approximately 11 months in between, while their perceived parenting stress and DC were measured by self-report questionnaires. Results showed no significant differences between foster mothers and biological mothers in cortisol, DHEA and cortisol/DHEA concentrations. While more DC was longitudinally related to lower levels of parenting stress across both study groups, no significant associations were found to endocrine markers. Thus, these findings indicate that increased parenting stress levels were not, or not strongly, reflected in HPA axis alterations as assessed in hair. Our findings thus add evidence for non-significant associations between self-reported perceived stress and chronic HPA axis markers. Future studies may explore whether early interventions, including those aimed at promoting and maintaining positive DC, are beneficial in preventing the development of stress-related illnesses in foster parents.
Más allá de la representación política: género y comisiones legislativas en América Latina
Authors: Ugo Santander Carlos , Dirino Ana , Peixoto Gabriela , Madeira Gabriel
Published: September 2024

Este artículo identifica los factores relacionados con la participación de las mujeres en las comisiones parlamentarias. Se analizan datos de legislaturas de América Latina y se prueban tres factores interactivos con el género: ideología, experiencia parlamentaria previa y participación en la coalición de gobierno. A partir de un análisis multivariado, los resultados indican que, a pesar de haber conquistado importantes espacios de representación, las mujeres aún enfrentan desventajas y ocupan posiciones subordinadas dentro de esta institución, lo que afecta su desempeño y su carrera política.
La Agenda 2030 en marcha: desafíos de implementación en República Dominicana
Authors: Sianes Antonio , Santos-Carrillo Francisco , Fernández-Portillo Luis A.
Published: September 2024

En 2015, Naciones Unidas estableció la Agenda 2030, cuyo ambicioso alcance conlleva abordar relevantes desafíos en su implementación, destacando el establecimiento de marcos institucionales de gobernanza y nuevos métodos de coordinación de políticas y procedimientos burocráticos. Aplicando como metodología la sistematización del estudio de caso de República Dominicana, se analiza cómo los países en desarrollo están afrontando estos desafíos. Los hallazgos alcanzados pueden contribuir a mejorar la implementación de la Agenda en otros países latinoamericanos.
The role of feedback in the processes and outcomes of academic writing in english as a foreign language at intermediate and advanced levels
Authors: Thi Nang Kham
Published: September 2024

A diákok írásbeli teljesítményére adott visszajelzés egyik központi eleme az idegennyelvű írás tanításának. Komoly vita tárgyát képezi, hogy a tanulók valóban fejlődnek-e a visszajelzések hatására. Kutatásomat erre alapozva valósítottam meg: azt vizsgáltam, mennyire hatékony a visszajelzés az angolt idegennyelvként tanulók írásbeli teljesítményével kapcsolatban, milyen ellenállást váltanak ki a visszajelzések, és hogyan befolyásolják a tudományos írás szintaktikai jellemzőit. Három kísérleti kutatást végeztem Mianmar és Magyarország felsőoktatási intézményeiben. Egy negyedik tanulmányban azt vizsgáltam, hogy a két eltérő kontextusban tanuló, különböző nyelvtudású tanulók esszéiben, hogyan jellemezhető a szintaktikai komplexitás és a nyelvi hibák mintázata. Az első kutatás feltárta, hogy a Grammarly által létrehozott visszajelzés hogyan integrálható a mianmari írásszeminárium hagyományos visszajelzéseibe, valamint a visszajelzés mennyire hatékony egy félév során. A visszajelzések vizsgálatának eredményei megmutatták, hogy az integráció lehetséges, mivel míg a Grammarly elsősorban alapvető hibákat jelzett, a tanári visszajelzések az alacsony és a magasabb szintű hibákat is jelezték. A második kutatás a visszajelzések hatását vizsgálta a szövegek szintaktikai komplexitására. Nem találtam szignifikáns különbséget a tanulók írásának szintaktikai összetettségében az eredeti, illetve a javított szövegekben a visszajelzés, mint beavatkozás előtt, illetve után. Annak ellenére, hogy a szintaktikai komplexitás területén nem történt jelentős előrelépés, az eredmények nem támasztják alá Truscott (2007) állítását, amely szerint az írásbeli hibajavítás leegyszerűsített szöveget eredményez, mert a diákok a hibázástól tartva, kevésbé összetett esszéket írnak. Összhangban a kutatások elméleti keretével, a harmadik tanulmány angol szakos magyar hallgatók reakcióit vizsgálta több visszajelzési forrásra, valamint ezen visszajelzések hatékonyságát egy félév során. Csoportközi különbséget találtam a visszacsatolás fókuszával kapcsolatban, és nem várt eredményről is beszámolok: a diákok alacsony és mérsékelt mértékben integrálták a tanári és a Grammarly visszajelzéseket az új esszéikben. A szintaktikai komplexitás és a nyelvi hibaminták további vizsgálata a mianmari és magyar egyetemi EFL hallgatók szövegeiben szignifikáns különbséget mutatott ki. Míg a mianmari diákok hosszabb és egyszerűbb esszéket írtak, addig a magyarok rövidebb, de összetettebb szövegeket hoztak létre. Az íráspedagógia további kutatási és pedagógiai kérdéseit a dolgozat végén tárgyalom.
Indicadores sintéticos de vulnerabilidade
Authors: Oliveira Jeorge Luis Martins de , Rabbani Roberto Muhájir Rahnemay , Nunes Sandra Adriana Neves , Rabbani Emilia Rahnemay Kohlman
Published: September 2024

Este estudo apresenta uma revisão integrativa da literatura a partir de pesquisas nas bases de dados SciELO, Web of Science e Scopus. O objetivo da revisão foi analisar a construção e a relação dos indicadores de vulnerabilidade com as temáticas socioambientais e socioeconômicas, bem como destacar a importância desses indicadores como ferramenta para o planejamento e gestão, apontando suas limitações em diferentes cenários. Foram extraídos 35 artigos, dentre eles, 7 artigos estavam relacionados a revisões sistemáticas, 16 abordaram a construção de indicadores de vulnerabilidade com a temática socioeconômica e 12 artigos apresentaram índices de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. A maioria dos artigos apresenta uma abordagem quantitativa, utilizando técnicas estatísticas como análise fatorial e análise de componentes principais. Os resultados da revisão destacam a importância dos indicadores de vulnerabilidade social como ferramenta para o planejamento e gestão, porém também apontam as limitações desses indicadores em diferentes cenários. Além disso, o estudo ressalta a importância de uma abordagem multidisciplinar nas dimensões relativas à vulnerabilidade social.
Gastrointestinal Vasculitis in Adult Patient With Dermatomyositis Presenting as Hematemesis
Authors: Min Susie , Yen Debra W. , Bongiovanni Gail L.
Published: September 2024

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an inflammatory disease of the muscles and skin. Severe gastrointestinal (GI) involvement, characterized by GI bleeding and perforation secondary to underlying vasculopathy, is rarely seen. We describe a case of newly diagnosed DM in a 75-year-old woman who presented with a rash and muscle weakness. She then had sudden onset of hematemesis and was found to have duodenal ulcers due to leukocytoclastic vasculitis from her DM. Our aim was to highlight the need for recognition of GI involvement in adults with DM.
Entrevista a Claudia Amigo Pino: archivos y teorías en circulación
Authors: Hirschfeld Eric Hernan
Published: September 2024

Esta entrevista realizada a Claudia Amigo Pino (Universidad de Sao Paulo) se centra en su recorrido como investigadora para establecer puntos de contacto acerca del trabajo con archivos, en este caso, el que involucra a las clases inéditas de Roland Barthes dictadas entre los años ‘60 y ‘70 en la École Des Hautes Études en Sciences Sociales y cuyos resultados se encuentran en Apprendre et Désapprendre. Les séminaires de Roland Barthes (1962-1977) (Academia, 2022). Las preguntas que vehiculizan el diálogo recuperan puntos claves de su libro, así como también los avatares del trabajo sobre un archivo extranjero.
Synthesis of chromium complexes with hydrocarbon and heterocyclic ligands and their application in polymerization processes and gas-phase production of chromocarbide films in the works of A.N. Artemov
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Gushchin A. , Khotina D. , Vakhitov V.
Published: September 2024

In the works of Professor A.N. Artemov, the synthesis of chromium-containing isoxazolines by the reaction of 1,3-lipolar cycloaddition was studied and an increase in cis/trans selectivity was demonstrated when introducing a tricarbonylchromium group into molecules of dipoles and dipolarophiles. Arentricarbonylchromium derivatives of six–membered heterocycles with N–C–O bonds, like their five-membered analogues, can be obtained by reaction between heterocycles free of the tricarbonylchromium group, as well as a result of condensation of chromium-containing amino alcohols with carbonyl compounds. The synthesis of bi- and polymetallic compounds in the reactions of organometallic halides with various non-transition metals has been studied. Such reactions make it possible in a one-step process to obtain compounds containing covalent bonds of metals of 12–15 groups (Mg, Zn, Cd, In, Tl, Sn, Pb, Bi) with non-transitive elements (Fe, Mo, W). Styrene chromium tricarbonyl, para-methylstyrene chromium tricarbonyl, α-methylstyrene chromium tricarbonyl, stilbene chromium tricarbonyl, allylbenzene chromium tricarbonyl, and diphenylbutadiene chromium tricarbonyl were studied as polymerization regulators by the mechanism of reversible inhibition for vinyl monomers. α-methylstyrene chromium tricarbonyl, diphenylbutadiene chromium tricarbonyl, allylbenzene chromium tricarbonyl. When they are introduced into the polymerizing mass of methyl methacrylate, butyl acrylate, styrene in quantities commensurate with the concentration of the initiator, they control the termination of the polymer chain at temperatures not exceeding 100 °C. At the same time, the process proceeds at a sufficiently high rate, and the control of chain growth follows the mechanism of reversible inhibition. The gas-phase decomposition of bis-ethylbenzenechromium can proceed with the formation of hard and wear-resistant chromium carbide coatings, as well as with the production of chromium films characterized by a low temperature resistance coefficient.
Pengaruh Pembangunan Jalan Tol terhadap Perubahan Tata Guna Lahan dan Luas Lahan Sawah di Kabupaten Brebes
Authors: Suryaningsih Widiani , Siregar Hermanto , Mulatsih Sri
Published: September 2024

Kabupaten Brebes merupakan salah satu wilayah yang terkena dampak pembangunan Tol Trans Jawa. Pembangunan infrastruktur jalan (jalan tol) mendorong terjadinya perubahan tata guna lahan dari satu peruntukan ke peruntukan lainnya. Diantara perubahan tersebut adalah adanya penyempitan lahan sawah karena terkonversi menjadi peruntukan lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan tata guna lahan dan luas lahan sawah di kabupaten Brebes sebagai pengaruh pembangunan jalan tol pada tiga titik tahun yaitu tahun 2011, 2016, dan 2019. Penelitian ini menggunakan Analisis Spasial (Overlay) ArcGIS 10.4, menggunakan data peta land use 2011 dari BPN, peta land use 2016 dari Dinas Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air dan Penataan Ruang Kabupaten Brebes, dan peta land use 2019 hasil digitasi menggunakan Google Earth dan Sentinel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan tata guna lahan termasuk didalamnya terjadi konversi lahan sawah ke peruntukkan lainnya. Perubahan tata guna lahan pada rentang tahun 2011-2019 didominasi dengan pengurangan luas lahan sawah dan hutan. Luas lahan sawah di kabupaten Brebes pada tahun 2011 adalah 79.245,41 ha, sedangkan pada tahun 2016 menjadi 68.312,28 ha, atau mengalami konversi seluas 10.933,12 ha (13,80%) dan pada tahun 2019 menjadi  63.496,65 ha atau mengalami konversi seluas 4.815,64 ha (7,05%). Di sisi lain terjadi pula penambahan luas kawasan permukiman dan tegalan/ladang. Luas permukiman pada tahun 2011 yaitu 12.321,58 ha, pada 2016 menjadi 21.487,62 ha atau bertambah seluas 9.166,04 ha (74,39%), dan pada tahun 2019 menjadi 24.062,54 ha atau bertambah seluas 2.574,92 ha(28,09%). Luas tegalan pada 2011 yaitu 1.556,28 ha, pada 2016 menjadi 6.923,,42 ha atau bertambah seluas 5.367,14 ha (344,87%) dan pada tahun 2019 menjadi 10.977,37 ha atau bertambah seluas 4.053,95 ha (75,53%).
Analisis Status Perkembangan Desa di Kabupaten Karawang. Provinsi Jawa Barat
Authors: Lathifah Laily Noor , Rustiadi Ernan , Agusta Ivanovich
Published: September 2024

Kesenjangan dan ketidakmerataan pembangunan menjadi sebuah tantangan bagi daerah-daerah yang sedang berkembang sehingga menentukan pusat-pusat pelayaan menjadi hal yang sangat perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat status perkembangan desa di Kabupaten Karawang, Provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan untuk menganalisis tingkat status perkembangan kawasan perdesaan adalah Skalogram dengan variabel aksesbilitas dan ketersediaan sarana dan prasaran pendidikan, kesehatan, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada hirarki I yang menyebar di 25 perdesaan yang menjadi pusat pertumbuhan dengan kelengkapan aksesbilitas dan jumlah jenis fasilitas memadai. Hirarki II yang menyebar di 83 perdesaan di berbagai kecamatan memiliki jumlah jenis fasilitas dan aksesbilitas yang cukup memadai, dan hirarki III dengan penyebaran di 201 perdesaan yang menjadi daerah terbelakang, dapat di artikan bahwa aksesbilitas yang sulit dan didukung oleh jumlah jenis fasilitas yang masih kurang memadai.
Participation of Business Actors in Implementing Circular Economy on Batik Products in Kauman Batik Kampoeng, Pekalongan City
Authors: Wijaya Muhammad Indra Hadi , Fadiyah Tuti , Wijaya Holi Bina , Artiningsih Artiningsih
Published: September 2024

This research explores the application and potential of batik business actors in the implications of the circular economy (CE) model in Pekalongan, Indonesia. As a prominent cultural heritage, the batik industry is essential to the regional economy. However, conventional linear production and consumption practices have resulted in environmental challenges, resource depletion, and waste generation. By embracing CE principles that emphasize resource efficiency, waste reduction, and closed-loop systems, the batik industry in Pekalongan can develop sustainable and environmentally responsible practices. This study examines critical aspects of CE implementation, starting with community participation in the batik, drawing insights from successful CE implementation in other industries. The implementation of CE in other industries is the role of business actors in the business chain outside Kampong. This paper analyzes the potential benefits and challenges of implementing CE in the Pekalongan batik industry and the role of stakeholders in promoting circularity. By highlighting the feasibility of the CE model, the results of this research are that the level of community participation in implementing a CE has not been maximized with the potential remaining production output so that this aspect of the condition becomes a sustainable opportunity to encourage sustainable practices in the Pekalongan batik industry.
Problematika nepomenovaných zmlúv v občianskom práve a ich uzatváranie s pohľadom de lege ferenda
Authors: Dubajová Javúreková Erika
Published: September 2024

One of the key branches of private law is the law of contractual obligations. In addition to innominate contracts, which are most often used in practice, a category of innominate contracts and a special category was created, the category of so-called mixed contracts. In practice, innominate contracts are a tool frequently used to anchor contractual relationships in all spheres of life. The institution of innominate contracts is not a new one; it is based on the principle of dispositional autonomy, which is known to have already existed in ancient Roman law. In the Slovak Republic, there are two codes, one specifically regulating civil law and the other regulating commercial law. Civil law in the Slovak Republic is regulated in the Civil Code, which regulates the natural persons’ mutual rights and obligations. In contrast, commercial law, which is regulated separately in the Commercial Code, regulates the mutual rights and obligations of legal persons, and the rights and obligations that exist between natural persons and legal persons. This means that the institution of innominate contracts is found in the Slovak Republic not only in civil law but also in commercial law, i.e., in two legal codes, when the subjects of obligation-law relations are dependent on the use of analogy-based legal reasoning due to the absence of contractual types when regulating the rights and obligations of the various subjects of their obligations.
24. setkání pracovníků knihoven právnických fakult a knihoven spolupracujících institucí z ČR a SR
Authors: Kovářová Radka , Matičková Sára
Published: September 2024

Report
Участие немецкой национальной группы в Югославии в хозяйственно-военной службе Третьего Рейха
Authors: Kačavenda Petar
Published: September 2024

В статье освещается только основная деятельность немецкой националь- ной группы в Югославии в деле осуществления задач, связанных с хозяйствен- ными мероприятиями третьего рейха в течение оккупации Югославии в период второй мировой войны, с особым обзором роли немецкой национальной группы в Банате, являющейся самой многочисленной и пришедшей к власти уже в апреле 1941 года и господствующей почти неограниченно вплоть до разгрома оккупационного режима.
A Bibliography of Publications in Economic and Social History printed in Poland in 1977
Authors: Kowal Ewelina , Kowal Stefan
Published: September 2024

A Bibliography of Publications in Economic and Social History in Poland in 1977
I. Bibliography 309II. Methodology, thoory and history of oconomic thought 309 III. Sources and source studies 310 IV. General publications 311 V. Demography 314 VI. Social structure and mobility 317 VII. Labour, social movements and trade union 320 VIII. Social and economic relations in rural communities 322 IX. Towns and urbanization processes 324 X. Industry, mining, handicraft and architecture 327 XI. Transport and communication  331 XII. Maritime economy, aquatic economy 331 XIII. Trade 331 XIV. Credit, finance, money and prices 332 XV. Insurance and social welfare 334 XVI. Consumption 336
Self-learning and autonomously adapting manufacturing equipment for the circular factory
Authors: Fleischer Jürgen , Zanger Frederik , Schulze Volker , Neumann Gerhard , Stricker Nicole , Furmans Kai , Pfrommer Julius , Lanza Gisela , Hansjosten Malte , Fischmann Patrick , Dvorak Julia , Klein Jan-Felix , Rauscher Felix , Ebner Andreas , May Marvin Carl , Gönnheimer Philipp
Published: September 2024

The integration of both linear and circular processes in one production system poses significant challenges. In particular, the reprocessing of end-of-life products is associated with uncertainties at all levels of the production system, from the initial planning and control through to the executing production hardware and intralogistics. To address these challenges, this article presents approaches for self-learning and autonomously adapting production equipment for the Circular Factory. Initially, hardware and software solutions are developed to cover the necessary processes. Reprocessing is covered by modular and reconfigurable manufacturing cells, which also include new process chains such as the combination of additive-subtractive processes. The provided capabilities must be applied to ever new products, for example by transferring human procedures for unknown products to the production equipment. Lastly, an overall robust and dynamic production planning and control system is developed that maintains continuous operation even in unforeseen situations. The resulting highly dynamic overall system is connected by an autonomous intralogistics system.
Morse index bound of simple closed geodesics on 2-spheres and strong Morse inequalities
Authors: Ko Dongyeong
Published: September 2024

We give a Morse-theoretic characterization of simple closed geodesics on Riemannian 2-spheres.
On any Riemannian 2-sphere endowed with a generic metric, we show there exists a simple closed geodesic with Morse index 1, 2 and 3.
In particular, for an orientable Riemannian surface, we prove strong Morse inequalities for the length functional applied to the space of simple closed curves.
Enhancing the machining productivity in PMEDM for titanium alloy with low-frequency vibrations associated with the workpiece
Authors: Le Quang Dung , Huu Phan Nguyen , Van Dua Tran , Van Thien Nguyen , Thangaraj Muthuramalingam
Published: September 2024

The incorporation of frequency vibration into the powder mixed electric discharge machining (PMEDM) process has the potential to significantly enhance the productivity and quality of the machining process, as well as to provide a great deal of opportunities in this sector. An analysis and evaluation of the machining productivity (material removal rate [MRR]) in PMEDM with low-frequency vibration was carried out in this work by considering SKD61 as a workpiece. The oil dielectric solution mixed with titanium powder was used as a dielectric medium with red copper (Cu) as the electrode. At this point in time, the process technology parameters that have been chosen for inquiry are as follows: current (I), pulse on time (T
on), powder concentration (C
p), P, F, and A. The Taguchi technique (L25) was used to create the experimental matrix. With the use of analysis of variance, it was able to examine the impact that the factors had on MRR, and the analysis was utilized to ascertain the highest possible value of MRR. I was the parameter that has the most significant effect, according to the findings, whereas T
on was the parameter that has the least significant effect. The maximum value of the MRRmax is equal to 31.29 mm3/min.
Why do physicians practice osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT)? A survey study
Authors: Lease Samantha M. , Figueroa Casanova Jose S.
Published: September 2024

Context

Few osteopathic physicians (Doctors of Osteopathic Medicine [DOs]) utilize osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT) in their clinical practice, although all DOs are trained to do so. The reasons why many do not utilize OMT are not entirely clear. Anecdotally, these authors have observed that if a physician utilizes OMT, it is because they witnessed the efficacy for themselves in real-life clinical diagnoses found on patients or volunteers. This study seeks to explore this phenomenon.

Objectives

This study seeks to explore the relationship between witnessing the efficacy of OMT and the future use of OMT in clinical practice.

Methods

Surveys were sent to DOs who work with Des Moines University’s College of Osteopathic Medicine (COM) clinical students as well as osteopathic medical students enrolled at the Des Moines University’s COM. Survey data were analyzed by separating physicians into cohorts based on their use of OMT and students into cohorts based on their interest in utilizing OMT in future practice.

Results

DOs who practice OMT reported at least one, and often multiple, instances of witnessing the efficacy of OMT on real-life patients or volunteers while in their first 2 years of medical school. Those who do not utilize OMT reported few opportunities to witness the efficacy of OMT on a real-life patient. For physicians, 96.1 % of those who utilize OMT in their practice had the opportunity to see it work positively during the first 2 years of medical school, whereas only 7.4 % who do not utilize OMT had the opportunity. These findings are mirrored in the experience of current osteopathic medical students who are interested and uninterested in utilizing OMT in their future practice.

Conclusions

These findings emphasize the importance of exposing our medical students to some type of ‘real-life’ experience early in their careers; the data show that these experiences can be very beneficial in expanding the interest in utilizing osteopathic manipulative medicine (OMM) in future practice. COMs can consider the implementation of programs that provide this experience to students, including extracurricular activities dedicated to the use of OMT.
Entrepreneurs in Africa – the agenda for Business History in Africa: Complexity and continuity
Authors: Verhoef Grietjie
Published: September 2024

Africa has been the location of centuries of business activity. African business displays a complex development path through early indigenous kingdoms, colonial control and post–1950 independence. The historiography on these developments is unbalanced in favour of the role performed by enterprises embedded in capitalist metropolitan economies. Complex and dynamic African entrepreneurial activity persisted but adapted to global market changes. Business historians have not systematically explored African agencies in business, the management systems and the organisational evolution of enterprise in Africa. As market liberalisation provided new business opportunities, African businesses emerged to complement and compete with foreign-owned enterprises. As market liberalisation stimulated globalisation, multi-national companies returned to African markets, fostering competition and collaboration. Changes in the political economy of many African states gave rise to more dynamic regulatory contexts and public-private partnerships in different sectors of developing African economies. These trends appear in the Business History of Africa from the perspective of African business, owned by Africans from diverse ethnic origins as proof of the complex trends and processes in African enterprise development. This contribution seeks to refine the focus on business and entrepreneurs in Africa as agents in the continent’s business landscape. The manuscript acknowledges the diversity among African entrepreneurs and the dynamically changing state-business nexus through history. Can one identify a distinct «African» nature of enterprise? This manuscript addresses aspects of conceptual clarity on what constitutes African business in an attempt to map the agenda for Business History in Africa.
J. A. Ajao and the real estate enterprise in 20th century Lagos
Authors: Animashaun Idris
Published: September 2024

Scholarly studies of business enterprises in colonial Lagos have neglected Chief Joseph Adediran Ajao, a foremost investor in the real estate enterprise. Though there are sketchy details about him in social circles and passing but constant references to him typified by «Ajao Estate» and «Papa Ajao» communities, there is yet to be any thorough scholarly study of his enterprise. Using family records, archival documents, court records, newspaper reports, interviews, published works, and site visit, this study examines the entrepreneurship of Chief Joseph Adediran Ajao. It sheds light on Chief Ajao’s entrepreneurial exploit first in the import and export trade from which he earned substantial wealth, and ultimately on his investment in land and real estate, where he left an extant impression as one of the largest land-owning individuals in Lagos. On the premise that African culture had a significant impact on African businesses, this study is situated within the context of Yoruba philosophy of business and enterprise. The study concludes that: one, Chief J. A. Ajao was a forerunner of the emergence of real estate enterprise in Lagos; two, Chief J. A. Ajao’s import-export business, J. A. Ajao and Brothers, though eclipsed by his real estate enterprise, was no less significant; and three, J. A. Ajao’s enterprise ensured that his name achieved an eponym status in Lagos.
Addressing At-the-Moment Defenses against Painful Affects: A Core Mechanism of Change in Psychodynamic Treatment
Authors: Hoffman Leon
Published: September 2024

There is an ongoing tension in the psychodynamic field between interpreting the meaning of a patient's verbal productions or actions and addressing the defenses utilized by the patient. Some authors maintain that implicit interactions between analyst and patient may be more important than the verbal interventions by the analyst. This article stresses the importance of observing and appropriately addressing how patients manage painful affects in the sessions. Focusing the patients' attention on their at-the-moment defenses as they occur in the session is an experience-near intervention and minimizes interventions that address issues far from the patient's consciousness and that require a high level of conjecture by the therapist. This technique can be utilized at any point in treatment, regardless of its duration and intensity. Several vignettes are provided that suggest that addressing defenses against painful affect is a pantheoretical construct and may be a common factor in psychodynamic treatment. A successful randomized control trial utilizing this technique with children (regulation-focused psychotherapy) is described. There have been limited empirical studies of the impact of therapists addressing defenses in sessions, but the work of J. Christopher Perry and colleagues, particularly the development of the Psychodynamic Intervention Rating Scales, offers an opportunity to further study the impact of defense interpretations and other interventions.
Localized and Long-Lasting Adaptation in Dragonfly Target-Detecting Neurons
Authors: Schwarz Matthew B. , O'Carroll David C. , Evans Bernard J. E. , Fabian Joseph M. , Wiederman Steven D.
Published: September 2024

Some visual neurons in the dragonfly (Hemicordulia tau) optic lobe respond to small, moving targets, likely underlying their fast pursuit of prey and conspecifics. In response to repetitive targets presented at short intervals, the spiking activity of these “small target motion detector” (STMD) neurons diminishes over time. Previous experiments limited this adaptation by including intertrial rest periods of varying durations. However, the characteristics of this effect have never been quantified. Here, using extracellular recording techniques lasting for several hours, we quantified both the spatial and temporal properties of STMD adaptation. We found that the time course of adaptation was variable across STMD units. In any one STMD, a repeated series led to more rapid adaptation, a minor accumulative effect more akin to habituation. Following an adapting stimulus, responses recovered quickly, though the rate of recovery decreased nonlinearly over time. We found that the region of adaptation is highly localized, with targets displaced by ∼2.5° eliciting a naive response. Higher frequencies of target stimulation converged to lower levels of sustained response activity. We determined that adaptation itself is a target-tuned property, not elicited by moving bars or luminance flicker. As STMD adaptation is a localized phenomenon, dependent on recent history, it is likely to play an important role in closed-loop behavior where a target is foveated in a localized region for extended periods of the pursuit duration.
Assessing the Transparency of Methods in Scientific Reporting
Authors: Zogmaister Cristina , Vezzoli Michela , Facchin Alessio , Conte Federica Paola , Rizzi Ezia , Giaquinto Francesco , Cavicchiolo Elisa , Fusco Gabriele , Pegoraro Sara , Simioni Maura
Published: September 2024

Enhancing transparency in scientific reports is crucial to foster trust, facilitate reproducibility, and ensure the integrity of research, ultimately advancing the progress of knowledge and innovation. To devise strategies for enhancing transparency in scientific reports, the initial step is to assess the current state: to objectively measure the current level of transparency, identifying its shortcomings and associated factors, and to gauge improvements, for instance, following interventions. Here we present a new tool and a proof of concept to this endeavor.

Using a checklist, we evaluated the methods transparency of a corpus of 180 papers published in 2011 and 2021 in five top-tier psychology journals. We specifically focused on the materials, procedures, and characteristics of population and sample. We summarized the level of transparency in the methods of each paper with the Transparency Of Methods (TOM) score. This score consists of the proportion of relevant information regarding the method that is available to the reader of a scientific report, either in the main text of the paper, or the appendixes, supplementary materials, and online open repository. It ranges from 0 (i.e., no transparency in the relevant aspects of the methods and materials) to 1 (i.e., the scientific report is fully transparent in all the relevant materials and methods).

The results affirm TOM’s potential for assessing the transparency of scientific reporting and offer two snapshots of transparency in the methods of published papers, a decade apart. While they indicate progress has been made, there remains room for further enhancements and highlight specific areas that require attention.

In conclusion, this work underscores the ongoing need for improvement in methods’ transparency and introduces a valuable tool, demonstrating its applicability as a means to evaluate the transparency of scientific reports.
CHALLENGES AND BARRIERS EXPERIENCED BY YOUTHS LEAVING THE FOSTER CARE SYSTEM IN TSHWANE DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY, GAUTENG PROVINCE
Authors: Dhludhlu Sandile Lucas
Published: September 2024

In the Republic of South Africa care-leavers are faced with numerous challenges after being discharged in terms of the provisions of the Children’s Act 38 of 2005, Section 175 (Republic of South Africa [RSA], 2006). The aim of this study was to explore the challenges and barriers experienced by youths leaving the foster care system in South Africa. The researcher adopted a qualitative research approach to achieve the aim of this study. The findings revealed that youths leaving the foster care system are faced with social challenges, including a lack of communication with their foster parents or caregivers, little cooperation from parents or caregivers, few re-unification services, a lack of housing, and disconnection from other foster children. In addition, youths leaving care experience financial challenges such as unemployment and the abuse of the foster child grant by their foster parents. They also experience educational challenges, with many dropping out of school. Furthermore, youths leaving care face sexual challenges, including sexual abuse, prostitution and teenage pregnancy. For these reasons it is crucial for policymakers, social workers and all social service practitioners to work together to deliver a more expansive safety net for youths leaving care, and to address the fundamental challenges they face. Keywords: barriers, challenges, foster care, foster care system, leaving care, youth
Lexical Means of Hierarchization of Value Ideas about Russian Culture among Chinese Students (Based on Materials from the Textbooks “Russian Language for Universities” of the “Vostok” Series)
Authors:   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University, Bokareva Yulia M. , Novoselova Оlga A. ,   Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University
Published: September 2024

Introduction. The article analyzes the contexts of the textbooks published in the Peopleʼs Republic of China and addressed to students studying Russian at universities. The analysis includes contexts devoted to the realities of Russian culture and texts containing evaluative vocabulary. The purpose of the study is to present the lexical means used by the textbook authors to form a hierarchy of value ideas about Russian culture among Chinese students studying the Russian language. Methodology. The work was conducted in linguocultural and linguoaxiological aspects, using modern research into ethno-oriented methods of teaching Russian as a foreign language. Results. The analysis showed that one of the main means of creating ideas about Russian culture among Chinese students studying Russian as a foreign language is evaluative vocabulary, which is used to form a value picture of the world, hierarchically structured and determined by the ideas existing in Chinese culture. Conclusions. Words having evaluative meaning set a hierarchy in accordance with the evaluative scale reflected in them.
Pengaruh Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia, Motivasi Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Kualitas Pelayanan Pegawai Kantor Kecamatan se-Kota Semarang
Authors: Alivia Putri , Raharjo Teguh Hardi
Published: September 2024

This research aims to analyze the influence of human resource competence, work motivation and job satisfaction on the service quality of employees of sub-district offices throughout the city of Semarang. This research is a quantitative research with a population of 1320 sub-district office employees throughout Semarang City. The number of samples in this study was 93 respondents which was calculated using the Slovin formula. The sampling technique uses techniques Propotionate Random Sampling. The data collection technique uses a questionnaire method. The data analysis technique uses the classical assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis, model feasibility test, hypothesis test, coefficient of determination test and descriptive statistical analysis of percentages using the IBM SPSS 26 program. The results of the multiple linear regression analysis obtained data namely Y = 9.776 + 0.590X1 + 0.082 X2 + 0.142X3 + e. The results of the research show that human resource competence has a positive and significant influence on the quality of employee service, while work motivation and job satisfaction do not have a significant influence on the quality of service for employees of sub-district offices throughout Semarang City.
Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar Dan Kreativitas Melalui Kemandirian Belajar Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar Korespondensi Mahasiswa Pendidikan Administrasi Perkantoran Angkatan 2022 Universitas Negeri Semarang
Authors: Putri Eviana Lestari , Tusyanah
Published: September 2024

This study aims to analyze the effect of learning motivation and creativity through learning independence as a mediating variable on correspondence learning outcomes of office administration education students class of 2022, Universitas Negeri Semarang. The population used in the study were office administration education students class of 2022 who took correspondence courses as many as 131 students. this study used data collection techniques with unstructured interviews and questionnaires and data analysis techniques using SEM-PLS. The results showed that learning motivation and creativity had a positive and significant effect directly on self-regulated learning, learning motivation and creativity also had a positive and significant effect directly on correspondence learning outcomes. Self-regulated learning can mediate learning motivation and creativity which have a positive and significant effect on correspondence learning outcomes.
Development and validation of a short version of the quality of life-DSD questionnaire for parents of young children with conditions affecting sex development
Authors: Ali Salma R , Gardner Melissa , Xin Yiqiao , O’Toole Stuart , Flett Martyn , Lee Boma , Steven Mairi , Sandberg David E , Ahmed S Faisal
Published: September 2024

Background

There is a paucity of information on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) outcomes in parents and children with conditions affecting sex development. The objective of this study was to develop short forms of HRQoL questionnaires which consist of a 63-item and 25-item parent self-report (PSR) and parent proxy-report (PPR), respectively, optimizing use in routine clinical settings.

Methods

Short questionnaires were developed following exploratory factor analysis using raw data from 132 parents. Long and short PSRs were completed by 24 parents of children with conditions affecting sex development, with a median age of 3.6 years (range 0.1, 6.6); 21 (88%) were boys, and 11 (46%) had proximal hypospadias. A subset of 19 parents completed both long and short PPRs.

Results

Item selection, based on factor loadings of >0.8 and expert consultation, produced short PSRs and PPRs containing 16 and 7 items, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in 11 out of 12 (92%) scales on the PSR and 4 out of 5 (80%) scales on the PPR when comparing short and long questionnaire scores. The short and long questionnaires took <1 min and 5 min to complete, respectively. Eighteen parents (75%) reported that the time taken to complete the short questionnaires was acceptable; 10 (42%) preferred short questionnaires. Ten (42%) versus 6 (25%) stated a preference for completing the short versus long questionnaires.

Conclusion

The short versions were largely representative of the long questionnaires and are acceptable for evaluating psychosocial distress in young children and their caregivers. Further psychometric validation of the short forms is warranted.
New data on the necropolis of Novodevichy monastery: the funerary vault of Smolensk cathedral and the restoration of the 1880s
Authors: Belyaev Leonid , Davidenko Dmitry
Published: September 2024

The paper investigates the epigraphy of one of the largest cemeteries of the aristocracy of Russia in the 16th-17th centuries. It is located in Novodevichy (New Maidens) Convent in Moscow. The most numerous burials are concentrated in the funerary vault of the main monastery church in the name of the Image of the Mother of God from Smolensk. Inscriptions on dozens of monuments in the crypt have been known since the end of the 18th century. But it was only during the restoration in the 1880s that the stone sarcophagi and the inscriptions on them were discovered. But information about this restoration has not been published. Since the 1990s, the plan and description of the tombs studied during the restoration became known. But the information obtained during the restoration was not published. During the new restoration (2017-2019), the Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences studied the burial objects in detail again. At the same time, materials from the 1880s were prepared for publication. They are published here with brief comments.