bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optical processing arrays based on VCSELs bonded directly to GaAs smart pixels
Authors: Pu R. , Jurrat R. , Hayes E.M. , Wilmsen C.W. , Choquette K.D. , Geib K.M.
Published: September 2022

VCSELs are near ideal light sources for free space, parallel optical interconnects since they are highly efficient, can be fabricated into 2D arrays and emit a low divergence column of light normal to the surface. However, integrating the VCSELs into smart pixels introduces fabrication problems since they can not be grown on foundry fabricated Si CMOS or GaAs MESFET circuits. Thus, the fabrication of complex pixels is difficult. Three methods of electrically connecting VCSELs to electronic chips have been discussed by Bryan et al. [1]; wire bonding, bridge bonding, and flip chip bonding to the whole VCSEL chip to a separate area of the electronic chip. Unfortunately none of these techniques are suitable for large-high speed arrays since they involve excessive numbers of long electrical lead wires or thin film traces which occupy a large area and add significantly to the capacitance and inductance of the circuit. Recently Goosen et al. [2] have developed a co-planar flip-chip bonding process for the attachment of SEED devices to CMOS chips. Their process has been shown to be both scalable and reliable [3]. This technique significantly increases the combined array size and decreases the interconnect capacitance and inductance allowing for much faster operation. The present paper reports the development of a co-planar bonding technique for VCSELs onto prefabricated pixel chips. This paper presents the details of this flip-chip bump-bonding integration.
VCSELs vs. MQW modulators for Smart Pixels from a link optimization perspective
Authors: Van Blerkom Daniel A. , Kibar Osman , Fan Chi , Marchand Philippe J. , Esener Sadik C.
Published: September 2022

Free-space optoelectronic systems continue to progress towards higher density interconnects (thousands of links) operating at high speeds (Gbit/sec) in small feature-size CMOS technology (0.5 μm and less). The interconnection density in a free-space system is limited by the power dissipation of the interconnects. This limit occurs when the system reaches the maximum power dissipation per unit area dictated by the cooling technology. Minimizing the power dissipation in the interconnects enables a system designer to maximize the interconnect density at a given bit-rate, or similarly, to maximize the bit-rate for a given interconnect density. Since the interconnect density is related to the system operating bit-rate through the power dissipation, a useful figure of merit is their product - the aggregate bandwidth (AGBW) per unit area. By minimizing the power per link over a range of bit-rates, the conditions which maximize the AGBW per unit area can be ascertained.
Infrared Metallodielectric Photonic Crystals
Authors: McIntosh K.A. , Mahoney L.J. , Molvar K.M. , McMahon O.B. , Rothschild M. , Brown E.R.
Published: September 2022

During the past several years there has been significant research involving the design, measurement, and theory of periodic dielectric structures that exhibit a photonic bandgap.1 These photonic crystal structures could be useful in many applications that require frequency specific optical modulators or reflectors. As demonstrated recently at microwave frequencies, photonic crystal structures that incorporate metallic scattering centers can exhibit large electromagnetic stop bands.2 The resulting structures are referred to as metallodielectric photonic crystals (MDPCs). We report here progress in developing MDPCs with stop bands in the infrared. Using standard microelectronic techniques we have fabricated arrays of 3-dimensional photonic crystals on silicon substrates. The metallic "atoms" are laid out in a (100)-oriented fee arrangement as seen from the normal to the plane of the substrate. Stop-band characteristics of fabricated IR MDPC samples have been measured using the technique of Fourier-transform spectroscopy. Rejection levels of up to 20 dB are found in the stop bands of some of the structures. IR MDPC results are compared with measurements made on microwave-scale MDPC structures to help in understanding the infrared results.
Monolithically Integrated MQW Modulator and MODFET OE Circuits for flip-chip bonding with CMOS
Authors: Shih David , Sari Huseyin , Fan Chi , Esener Sadik C.
Published: September 2022

Multiple-quantum-well (MQW) electro-optical devices have demonstrated high speed operation for optical links, switching, and detection1. Integration of MQW devices with III-V modulation-doped field effect transistors (MODFETs) provides a mean of realizing monolithically integrated optoelectronic circuits where the performance penalty associated with hybrid packaging between photodetector, modulator and electronic Si circuits is minimized and the overall performance can be maximized. In this paper, we report the results of two integration technologies. One is based on InAlGaAs/InGaAs MQW materials on a GaAs substrate; the other utilizes a substrate removal process. Both technologies permit further integration of III-V opto-electronic (OE) circuits with silicon circuitry using flip-chip bonding techniques. To this end, a III-V 2x2 optoelectronic switch has been implemented using this approach for subsequent flip-chip integration with CMOS circuitry.
InGaAs Photodiodes for Infrared-Sensitive Optically Addressed Spatial Light Modulators
Authors: Liu Y.-C. , Barbier P.R. , Johnson F.G. , Ho P.-T. , Burdge G.L.
Published: September 2022

Currently available optically addressed spatial light modulators (OASLMs) are sensitive only to the visible and near infrared (< 1.1 μm) light [1]. For many applications OASLMs which are sensitive to infrared (IR) light at 1.55 μm are required or preferred. A common OASLM light-modulating material is liquid crystal (LC) which can be addressed by a thin film photosensor [2]. This scheme requires that the photosensor exhibits very low dark current to prevent the LC from switching on in the absence of write light, and high photosensitivity to switch the LC on in the presence of write light [3]. An InGaAs/InP photosensor fulfilling these requirements will allow the successful fabrication of an IR-sensitive OASLM. An OASLM incorporating such a photosensor has been previously reported but exhibited a poor contrast ratio due to the large InGaAs/InP dark current [4].
Silicon Spatial Light Modulator Fabrication
Authors: Burns B. E. , Ionescu A. C. , Geneczko J. M. , Grasso R. J. , Davidson S. F.
Published: September 2022

Spatial light modulators (SLM) are utilized in systems which compensate for distortion of a laser beam caused by transmission through a distorting medium. The Northrop Grumman linear beam cleanup system [1] uses an SLM to modify the phase front of the input beam to cancel the phase changes produced along the transmission path. At longer wavelengths these phase changes may not be achievable with current liquid crystal or lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) modulators. High laser power levels may also produce adverse effects in these materials if operated in transmission mode. The silicon SLM (Si-SLM) produces a phase change by reflection of the laser from the surface of moveable pixels. The all silicon construction of the Si-SLM reduces the effects of temperature changes on the flatness of the reflecting surface.
Phase modulated liquid crystal spatial light modulator with VGA resolution
Authors: Sonehara Tomio , Amako Jun
Published: September 2022

Phase type SLMs with real time operation are required for various kinds of applications. We have been developing liquid crystal SLMs and their applications for a decade, for instance kinoform reconstructions 1), complex amplitude modulators SWMs 2) and light valves for projection displays3). Every investigation has been carried out with specialized SLMs and driving interface circuits. This is a barrier to prevail the phase type SLMs to wide applicable fields. In this occasion, we developed a newly designed SLM with VGA resolution that is easy to operate by using standard outputs of PC.
Uniformity measurements on large InGaAs-AIGaAs multiple quantum well modulator arrays
Authors: Forbes M.G. , Walker A.C. , Pottier F. , Vögele B. , Stanley C.R.
Published: September 2022

III-V multiple quantum well modulators and detectors form a promising device technology for the optoelectronic interconnection of integrated circuits. Integration of large arrays with silicon electronics has been demonstrated by Lucent Technologies using the GaAs-AlGaAs material system [1]. Similar technology is being pursued in our own programme using InGaAs-AIGaAs MQW structures [2].
Multiple-Quantum-Well Binary-Phase Modulators: Design and Tolerance Analysis.
Authors: Serrano E. , Desmulliez M.P.Y. , Prince S.M. , Inbar H. , Wherrett B.S.
Published: September 2022

Over the last fifteen years, various types of semiconductor electro-absorption modulators have been fabricated and analysed. The potential use of such devices in photonic switching fabrics and inter-chip interconnections has provoked numerous studies of their performance capabilities and design trade-offs [1,2]. Of particular concern has been the impossibility, until recently, to manufacture fast 2-D multiple quantum well (MQW) phase modulator arrays. Trezza and coworkers reported a π-phase change in a reflection-mode vertical cavity asymmetric multiple quantum well [3], in which the absorption variation induced by an external applied field causes a change in the dominant role played by one of the cavity minors. Moreover, the device, named a phase-flip modulator, is designed so that no change in throughput is induced by the bias voltage. The π phase change at constant reflectivity requires a careful cavity design and the precise determination of the operating wavelength and voltage swing. A systematic study demands the implementation of a tolerance methodology. Results, based on such a methodology, will be presented that analyse which parameters are in achieving the best overall device performance, the optimum operating conditions and the higher degree of robustness (the tolerance) to the variations in device characteristics.
The Fast Bitplane SLM: A New Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal on Silicon Spatial Light Modulator.
Authors: Wilkinson T.D. , Crossland W.A. , Coker T. , Davey A.B. , Stanley M. , Yu T.C.B.
Published: September 2022

Since the evolution of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) on silicon spatial light modulator (SLM)1, there have been improvements in resolution, speed and optical quality2,3. The SLM we are presenting here contains improvements to all these factors as well as improvements on fill factor, liquid crystal dynamics and fabrication techniques. The SLM has 320x240 pixels on a 34μm pitch and fits onto a 14mm square die. The silicon was designed for maximum fill factor as well as high speed operation with a suitable high speed FLC. To this end it is addressed using a 64 bit bus and the integrated circuitry includes facilities for a number of addressing schemes.
The Concept of Electroholgraphy and its Implementation in KLTN Crystals
Authors: Agranat Aharon J. , Balberg Michal , Razvag Meir , Vidro Shimon , Refaeli Eli
Published: September 2022

Electroholography (EH) is a generic concept in optoelectronics, which enables to govern the reconstruction process of volume holograms by an external electric field. EH is based on the use of the voltage controlled photorefractive (PR) effect in crystals at the paraelectric phase(1). The PR effect enables the recording of volume holograms in a crystal, by spatially modulating its index of refraction in response to light energy it absorbs. In crystals at the paraelectric phase the PR effect is voltage controlled, namely, one can control the efficiency of the effect by applying an external electric field to the crystals during the reading (reconstructing) stage.
Empirically-based modeling for design of PLZT electrooptic devices
Authors: Shames Paul , Sun Pang Chen , Fainman Yeshayahu
Published: September 2022

Applying the advances in electronic and optical computer aided design (CAD) to optoelectronic systems requires precision simulation of electrooptic (EO) devices. In this paper we present a simple but accurate method of modeling EO devices using, as an example, lanthanum-modified lead titanate zirconate (PLZT) with compositions 9.X/65/35. These ferroelectric ceramics have strong EO effects and are cost effective and are therefore excellent candidates for use in optoelectronic systems. In the absence of field the ceramic is optically isotropic whereas an applied field induces anisotropy and optical birefringence. This electrooptic response has been modeled as a classic Kerr quadratic effect [1] as well as a combination of linear and quadratic effects [2]. However, these techniques fall short of accurately modeling fabricated devices, which will be required for optoelectronic CAD tools.
Device for microsecond switching ot optical patterns.
Authors: Beresnev Leonid A. , Dultz Wolfgang , Haase. Wolfgang
Published: September 2022

The modern trend of information treatment considers the operation rate in the range of Terabit/s. This task can be realized by means of parallel processing. Mentioned operation rate can be reached, for instance, if the optical pattern, containing 106-107 pixels, will be treated with the operation frequency of order 105 frames/s. Among the basic elements of parallel optical processing the fast switch of optical images between number of channels has to be considered , apart from another necessary elements, e.g. fast reversable optical memory with the possibility to write, red and erase the patterns. The usual approach to patterns switching between optical channels is related with the recording the image by means of CCD video camera, with further treatment of electrical signal by means of electronic computer. This procedure is restricted with the operation rate of computer and usually is of order of 108 bit/s.
Impact of gender on the formation and outcome of formal mentoring relationships in the life sciences
Authors: Schwartz Leah P. , Liénard Jean F. , David Stephen V.
Published: September 2022

Despite increasing representation in graduate training programs, a disproportionate number of women leave academic research without obtaining an independent position that enables them to train the next generation of academic researchers. To understand factors underlying this trend, we analyzed formal PhD and postdoctoral mentoring relationships in the life sciences during the years 2000 to 2020. Student and mentor gender are both associated with differences in rates of student’s continuation to positions that allow formal academic mentorship. Although trainees of women mentors are less likely to take on positions as academic mentors than trainees of men mentors, this effect is reduced substantially after controlling for several measurements of mentor status. Thus, the effect of mentor gender can be explained at least partially by gender disparities in social and financial resources available to mentors. Because trainees and mentors tend to be of the same gender, this association between mentor gender and academic continuation disproportionately impacts women trainees. On average, gender homophily in graduate training is unrelated to mentor status. A notable exception to this trend is the special case of scientists having been granted an outstanding distinction, evidenced by membership in the National Academy of Sciences, being a grantee of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, or having been awarded the Nobel Prize. This group of mentors trains men graduate students at higher rates than their most successful colleagues. These results suggest that, in addition to other factors that limit career choices for women trainees, gender inequities in mentors’ access to resources and prestige contribute to women’s attrition from independent research positions.
COVID-19 infection and transmission includes complex sequence diversity
Authors: Chan Ernest R. , Jones Lucas D. , Linger Marlin , Kovach Jeffrey D. , Torres-Teran Maria M. , Wertz Audric , Donskey Curtis J. , Zimmerman Peter A.
Published: September 2022

SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing has played an important role in documenting the emergence of polymorphisms in the viral genome and its continuing evolution during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we present data from over 360 patients to characterize the complex sequence diversity of individual infections identified during multiple variant surges (e.g., Alpha and Delta). Across our survey, we observed significantly increasing SARS-CoV-2 sequence diversity during the pandemic and frequent occurrence of multiple biallelic sequence polymorphisms in all infections. This sequence polymorphism shows that SARS-CoV-2 infections are heterogeneous mixtures. Convention for reporting microbial pathogens guides investigators to report a majority consensus sequence. In our study, we found that this approach would under-report sequence variation in all samples tested. As we find that this sequence heterogeneity is efficiently transmitted from donors to recipients, our findings illustrate that infection complexity must be monitored and reported more completely to understand SARS-CoV-2 infection and transmission dynamics. Many of the nucleotide changes that would not be reported in a majority consensus sequence have now been observed as lineage defining SNPs in Omicron BA.1 and/or BA.2 variants. This suggests that minority alleles in earlier SARS-CoV-2 infections may play an important role in the continuing evolution of new variants of concern.
Adherence to and enforcement of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) for COVID-19 prevention in Nigeria, Rwanda, and Zambia: A mixed-methods analysis
Authors: Solomon Hiwote , Thea Donald M. , Galea Sandro , Sabin Lora L. , Lucey Daniel R. , Hamer Davidson H.
Published: September 2022

Introduction

In the early parts of the COVID-19 pandemic, non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) were implemented worldwide, including in sub-Saharan Africa, to prevent and control SARS-CoV-2 transmission. This mixed-methods study examines adherence to and enforcement of NPIs implemented to curb COVID-19 in Nigeria, Rwanda, and Zambia, leading up to the 10,000th case of laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 in each country. Additionally, we aim to evaluate the relationship between levels and changes of NPIs over time and changes in COVID-19 cases and deaths.

Methods

This mixed-methods analysis utilized semi-structured interviews and a quantitative dataset constructed using multiple open data sources, including the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker. To understand potential barriers and facilitators in implementing and enforcing NPIs qualitative data were collected from those involved in the COVID-19 response and analyzed using NVivo. Quantitative results were analyzed using descriptive statistics, plots, ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey.

Results

Individual indicator scores varied with the COVID-19 response in all three countries. Nigeria had sustained levels of strict measures for containment and closure NPIs, while in Rwanda there was substantial variation in NPI score as it transitioned through the different case windows for the same measures. Zambia implemented moderate stringency throughout the pandemic using gathering restrictions and business/school closure measures but maintained low levels of strictness for other containment and closure measures. Rwanda had far more consistent and stringent measures compared to Nigeria and Zambia. Rwanda’s success in implementing COVID-related measures was partly due to strong enforcement and having a population that generally follow the recommendations of their government.

Conclusion

Various forces either facilitated or hindered adherence and compliance to COVID-19 control measures. The lessons learned and recommendations gleaned through interviews with experts involved in the COVID-19 pandemic and quantitative analysis of NPI implementation can be applied to future outbreaks, epidemics, and pandemics. Recommendations include engaging communities, using a risk-based approach to implement containment and closure NPIs, and providing social and economic support to citizens during periods of lockdowns and other measures that interrupt the ability to make a living.
The characteristics of bacteremia among patients with acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia
Authors: Soedarmono Pratiwi , Diana Aly , Tauran Patricia , Lokida Dewi , Aman Abu Tholib , Alisjahbana Bachti , Arlinda Dona , Tjitra Emiliana , Kosasih Herman , Merati Ketut Tuti Parwati , Arif Mansyur , Gasem Muhammad Hussein , Susanto Nugroho Harry , Lukman Nurhayati , Sugiyono Retna Indah , Hadi Usman , Lisdawati Vivi , Tchos Karine G. Fouth , Neal Aaron , Karyana Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Blood culturing remains the “gold standard” for bloodstream infection (BSI) diagnosis, but the method is inaccessible to many developing countries due to high costs and insufficient resources. To better understand the utility of blood cultures among patients in Indonesia, a country where blood cultures are not routinely performed, we evaluated data from a previous cohort study that included blood cultures for all participants. An acute febrile illness study was conducted from July 2013 to June 2016 at eight major hospitals in seven provincial capitals in Indonesia. All participants presented with a fever, and two-sided aerobic blood cultures were performed within 48 hours of hospital admission. Positive cultures were further assessed for antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns. Specimens from participants with negative culture results were screened by advanced molecular and serological methods for evidence of causal pathogens. Blood cultures were performed for 1,459 of 1,464 participants, and the 70.6% (1,030) participants that were negative by dengue NS1 antigen test were included in further analysis. Bacteremia was observed in 8.9% (92) participants, with the most frequent pathogens being Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (41) and Paratyphi A (10), Escherichia coli (14), and Staphylococcus aureus (10). Two S. Paratyphi A cases had evidence of AMR, and several E. coli cases were multidrug resistant (42.9%, 6/14) or monoresistant (14.3%, 2/14). Culture contamination was observed in 3.6% (37) cases. Molecular and serological assays identified etiological agents in participants having negative cultures, with 23.1% to 90% of cases being missed by blood cultures. Blood cultures are a valuable diagnostic tool for hospitalized patients presenting with fever. In Indonesia, pre-screening patients for the most common viral infections, such as dengue, influenza, and chikungunya viruses, would maximize the benefit to the patient while also conserving resources. Blood cultures should also be supplemented with advanced laboratory tests when available.
Arbovirus-vector protein interactomics identifies Loquacious as a co-factor for dengue virus replication in Aedes mosquitoes
Authors: Besson Benoit , Lezcano Oscar M. , Overheul Gijs J. , Janssen Kirsten , Spruijt Cornelia G. , Vermeulen Michiel , Qu Jieqiong , van Rij Ronald P.
Published: September 2022

Efficient virus replication in Aedes vector mosquitoes is essential for the transmission of arboviral diseases such as dengue virus (DENV) in human populations. Like in vertebrates, virus-host protein-protein interactions are essential for viral replication and immune evasion in the mosquito vector. Here, 79 mosquito host proteins interacting with DENV non-structural proteins NS1 and NS5 were identified by label-free mass spectrometry, followed by a functional screening. We confirmed interactions with host factors previously observed in mammals, such as the oligosaccharyltransferase complex, and we identified protein-protein interactions that seem to be specific for mosquitoes. Among the interactors, the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binding protein Loquacious (Loqs), an RNA interference (RNAi) cofactor, was found to be essential for efficient replication of DENV and Zika virus (ZIKV) in mosquito cells. Loqs did not affect viral RNA stability or translation of a DENV replicon and its proviral activity was independent of its RNAi regulatory activity. Interestingly, Loqs colocalized with DENV dsRNA replication intermediates in infected cells and directly interacted with high affinity with DENV RNA in the 3’ untranslated region in vitro (KD = 48–62 nM). Our study provides an interactome for DENV NS1 and NS5 and identifies Loqs as a key proviral host factor in mosquitoes. We propose that DENV hijacks a factor of the RNAi mechanism for replication of its own RNA.
Measuring the latent reservoir for HIV-1: Quantification bias in near full-length genome sequencing methods
Authors: White Jennifer A. , Kufera Joshua T. , Bachmann Niklas , Dai Weiwei , Simonetti Francesco R. , Armstrong Ciara , Lai Jun , Beg Subul , Siliciano Janet D. , Siliciano Robert F.
Published: September 2022

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) effectively inhibits HIV-1 replication but is not curative due to the persistence of a latent viral reservoir in resting CD4+ T cells. This reservoir is a major barrier to cure. Sequencing studies have revealed that the population of proviruses persisting in ART-treated individuals is dominated by defective proviruses that cannot give rise to viral rebound due to fatal defects including large deletions and APOBEC3-mediated hypermutation. Near full genome sequencing (nFGS) of individual proviruses is used in reservoir assays to provide an estimate of the fraction of proviruses that are intact. nFGS methods rely on a long-distance outer PCR capturing most (~9 kb) of the genome, followed by nested inner PCRs. The outer PCR is carried out at limit dilution, and interpretation of the results is based on the assumption that all proviruses are quantitatively captured. Here, we evaluate nFGS methods using the intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA), a multiplex digital droplet PCR assay that quantitates intact and defective proviruses with single molecule sensitivity using only short, highly efficient amplicons. We analyzed proviral templates of known sequence to avoid the additional complication of sequence polymorphism. With the IPDA, we quantitated molecular yields at each step of nFGS methods. We demonstrate that nFGS methods are inefficient and miss ~70% of full-length proviruses due to amplification failure at the initial outer PCR step. In contrast, proviruses with large internal deletions encompassing 70% of the genome can be quantitatively amplified under the same conditions. Accurate measurement of the latent reservoir of HIV-1 is essential for evaluating the efficacy of cure strategies, and the bias against full length proviruses in nFGS methods must be considered.
Growth and quality of passion fruit seedlings under salt stress and H2O2 in plant leaves
Authors: Ramos Jailton Garcia , De Lima Vera Lucia Antunes , De Lima Geovani Soares , Pereira Mariana de Oliveira , Da Silva André Alisson Rodrigues , Nunes Kheila Gomes
Published: September 2022

O maracujazeiro possui potencialidade para ser produzido sob as condições climáticas do Nordeste brasileiro, no entanto, as águas desta região apresentam altas concentrações de sais que podem prejudicar o desenvolvimento das culturas. Assim a aplicação de pequenas concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio induz a redução dos efeitos deletérios que o estresse salino provoca sob o rendimento produtivo das culturas. Objetivou-se com este estudo, avaliar o crescimento e a qualidade de mudas de maracujazeiro amarelo irrigadas com águas salinas e aplicação foliar com peróxido de hidrogênio. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação na Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, PB. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, em arranjo fatorial 5 x 2, cujos tratamentos consistiram de cinco níveis de condutividade elétrica da água de irrigação - CEa (0,6; 1,2; 1,8; 2,4 e 3,0 dS m-1) e duas concentrações de peróxido de hidrogênio - H2O2 (0 e 20 µM), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por parcela, perfazendo o total de oitenta plantas. A aplicação exógena de peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 20 µM favoreceu maior crescimento em diâmetro de caule, altura de plantas, número de folhas das e o Índice de Qualidade de Dickson plantas de maracujazeiro cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado. O peróxido de hidrogênio na concentração de 20 µM induziu aclimatação nas plantas de maracujazeiro cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado irrigadas com águas salinizadas.
Taxa de crescimento, índice de área foliar e produtividade de jambu cultivado em sistema hidropônico
Authors: Cunha Hudson Pierre da Silva , Casais Luana Keslley Nascimento , Alves Dos Santos Núbia de Fátima , Ruffeil Alves Gustavo Antonio , Da Silva Melo Márcio Roberto , Da Silva Borges Luciana
Published: September 2022

O jambu (Spilanthes oleracea L.) é uma hortaliça folhosa com características medicinais, onde é utilizada para diversos fins, sejam alimentícios, cosméticos ou medicinais. O trabalho objetivou-se em realizar a análise de crescimento em plantas de jambu, cultivadas em sistema hidropônico. Os experimentos foram conduzidos no sitio da empresa B&A Hidroponia, em sistema de cultivo hidropônico NFT, em ambiente protegido. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado com seis tratamentos e três repetições. Foram analisados indices morofofisiologicos, taxa de crescimento da cultura, taxa de crescimento relativo, taxa assimilatória liquida e produtividade. Á analise de crecismento expressou que a planta de jambu em sistema hidroponico apresenta maiores  índices de morfofisiológicos  a partir do 39 dias de ciclo e foi diretamente influenciado pela taxa de assimilação liquida (TAL), sendo esta influenciada pela duração de área foliar (DAF), devendo o produtor ficar atento ao manejo da solução nutritiva. E uma produtividade de 11,39 Kg/m2 aos 54 DAS de culivo na hidroponia.
Estimation of Thunbergia grandiflora leaf area from allometric models
Authors: Mela Débora , Dias Marlon Gomes , Da Silva Toshik Iarley , Ribeiro João Everthon da Silva , Martinez Andressa Carmo Pena , Zuin Affonso Henrique Lima
Published: September 2022

Sky vine (Thunbergia grandiflora Roxb) is a vine with important structural components for forest environments. Studies on growth and development are necessary, because of the environmental and economic importance. The leaf area determination is essential for ecophysiological studies to understand the relationship of the plant with the environment. The objective of this work was to estimate an allometric equation to estimate the leaf area of T. grandiflora from linear dimensions. 200 leaves of different shapes and sizes were collected from adult plants and the length (L), width (W), the product between length and width (LW), and real leaf area (LA) were measured. The linear regression, linear without intercept, quadratic, cubic, power, and exponential models were used to estimate the equations. The criteria for determining the best model were higher determination coefficient (R2), Willmott's agreement index (d), lower Akaike information criterion (AIC), the root of the mean error square (RMSE), and BIAS index closer to zero. The leaf area of T. grandiflora can be estimated satisfactorily by the equation ŷ = 0.58*LW.
Dispersão de Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) em cultivos de couve e repolho
Authors: Da Silva Ponce Franciely , Oliveira Moisés Daniel de , De Lima Toledo Claudia Aparecida , Alves de Oliveira Lucas , Monesi da Silva Willian Ricardo , Seabra Júnior Santino , De Oliveira Regiane Cristina
Published: September 2022

Parasitoides do gênero Trichogramma são utilizados em todo o mundo para o manejo de pragas. A capacidade de dispersão desses insetos em cultivos determina o número de pontos necessários de liberação para que haja resultados satisfatórios quanto ao parasitismo e consequentemente, o manejo da praga. Para determinação da capacidade de dispersão de T. pretiosum em cultivos de couve e repolho, foram demarcadas áreas de 26 x 26 m, em que foram colocadas cartelas contendo ovos de A. kuehniella distribuídas de forma concêntricas e equidistantes. No centro de cada área foram liberados 100 mil parasitoides e o parasitismo foi permitido por 24 horas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com cinco tratamentos (distância) e quatro repetições. A distância média dispersada foi de 6,27 metros em couve e 6,07 em repolho, enquanto que área de dispersão foi de 81,23 na cultura da couve e 79,03 metros no cultivo de repolho, sendo possível determinar que por hectare são necessários 123 pontos de liberação para couve e 126 para repolho.
Necessidade hídrica e taxa de desenvolvimento dos frutos do meloeiro Cantaloupe cultivado no verão-outono
Authors: Andrian Andre , Rezende Roberto , Soares Wenneck Gustavo , Villa e Vila Vinícius , De Souza Terassi Daniele , Maldonado da Silva Lucas Henrique
Published: September 2022

O conhecimento referente a demanda hídrica da cultura, assim como a compreensão de seu desenvolvimento vegetativo é a base para qualquer pesquisa científica agronômica. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo determinar a evapotranspiração, coeficiente da cultura, taxa de crescimento do fruto, caule e atividades fotossintéticas do meloeiro. O experimento foi conduzido em ambiente protegido no Centro Técnico de Irrigação (CTI) da Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM), em Maringá-Pr. O híbrido utilizado foi o melão Cantaloupe Torreon conduzido verticalmente. A irrigação foi realizada via gotejo com base na evapotranspiração acumulada. A evapotranspiração de referência foi estimada pelo método de Penman-Monteith-FAO utilizando dados de uma estação meteorológica automática e a evapotranspiração da cultura foi mensurada utilizando lisímetros. As aferições do colo da planta e do fruto em formação foram realizadas por paquímetro. As aferições do índice SPAD ocorreram na terceira folha da haste principal e na folha mais próxima do fruto. A demanda hídrica do meloeiro foi de 388,16 mm. Os valores do coeficiente da cultura obtidos foram: 0,95; 1,03 e 0,99 para os estádios inicial, intermediário e final. A taxa de crescimento do colo teve aumento de 7 mm até o 35° dia após o transplante. Em 14 dias o crescimento equatorial do fruto foi de 98 mm. O índice SPAD registrou máxima de 105 para a terceira folha e máxima de 112 para a folha do fruto.
Representatividade ecológica e extensão total de áreas protegidas pelas unidades de conservação no estado do Ceará, Brasil
Authors: Gomes Francisco Vladimir Silva , Santos Ana Maria Ferreira , Guerra Renan Gonçalves Pinheiro , Queiroz Liana  Rodrigues , Menezes Marcelo Oliveira Teles , Moro Marcelo  Freire
Published: September 2022

As metas de Aichi, das quais o Brasil foi signatário, previam que, até 2020, pelo menos 17% de áreas terrestres e águas continentais e 10% das áreas marinhas e costeiras fossem englobados em áreas protegidas. Finalizado o prazo da meta, o Brasil conta, oficialmente, com 30% da área continental e 27% da área marinha protegidas, todavia distribuídas desigualmente em seu território. Neste estudo, computou-se a cobertura de 98 UCs e um corredor ecológico no estado do Ceará (CE) e foi avaliada sua distribuição entre os vários ambientes naturais do estado. Destarte, buscou-se avaliar a representatividade da conservação promovida pelas UCs em relação aos diferentes ecossistemas estaduais. Os resultados apontam que 92,4% da área protegida corresponde ao regime de Uso Sustentável, distribuída prioritariamente em ecossistemas de exceção do bioma Caatinga, como as áreas costeiras e encraves úmidos e sub-úmidos. Essas áreas apresentam relevância ambiental com rica biodiversidade e geodiversidadade, com interesse socioeconômico, mas o desenho atual de UCs deixou pouco protegida a vegetação de caatinga, ecossistema predominante do estado. Ademais, a predominância de UCs de uso sustentável trazem menos proteção jurídica para salvaguardar a biodiversidade, especialmente aquelas com baixo grau legal de proteção, como a categoria Área de Proteção Ambiental que corresponde à maior cobertura estadual. Conclui-se que a configuração espacial das UCs estaduais ainda está distante do ideal em termos de extensão e representatividade, com poucas áreas protegidas na vegetação de caatinga e pequena extensão de UCs de proteção integral.
Complementarity of Management Control Mechanisms in a Lean Organization: The Effect of Consensus
Authors: Tupamahu Kevin Hermanto
Published: September 2022

This study aims to examine the complementarity effect of lean management control mechanisms (lean performance measurement, employee empowerment, visual control, standard operating procedures, and peer pressures) on company performance (operations and financial performance). Besides, this study also tests whether the consensus on lean thinking has affected the relationship between the lean management control mechanisms and the companyâ€™s performance. The data is collected by survey with 159 managers from manufacturing companies. The data is then analyzed using the AMOS-SEM and shows that lean management control mechanisms work complementary to increase operation and financial performance in lean manufacturing companies. Furthermore, consensus on lean thinking strategies acts as a moderating variable and positively affects the relationship between lean management control mechanisms and financial performance. This study recommends that lean companies should implement control mechanisms that align with lean thinking. These control mechanisms should be used together to complement each other to maximize the performance benefits that can be derived from lean thinking implementation. In addition, to strengthen the benefits derived from the use of lean control mechanisms, companies need to pay attention to the consensus in implementing lean thinking strategies.
Agronomic and economic performance of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) varieties in response to rates of blended NPS fertilizer in Kindo Koysha district, Southern Ethiopia
Authors: Baza Mulu , Shanka Dereje , Bibiso Mesfin
Published: September 2022

Mung bean is one of Ethiopia’s most important pulse crops in the lowlands. The main constraints to mung bean productivity in Ethiopia are low soil fertility and improved varieties. During the 2018 cropping season, a field experiment was conducted in Kindo Koysha woreda with the objective of evaluating the effects of NPS fertilizer rates on yield and yield attributing traits of four mung bean varieties. Treatments consisted of factorial combinations of four mung bean varieties (N26, Shewarobit, NVL-1, and Chinese) with four NPS fertilizer rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1) laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications. The combination of the N26 variety with 150 kg NPS produced the highest number of pods per plant (15.46), seeds per pod (10.93), grain yield (1240.70 kg ha−1), and biomass (3177.40 kg ha−1). Moreover, the combination of 100 kg NPS ha−1 with the variety N26 also generated the highest net return (31,734.30 Birr ha−1) with a marginal rate of return of 771.71%. Thus, it may be tentatively stated that the usage of 100 kg NPS ha−1 with the variety N26 was determined to be optimum for the development of mung bean in the study region.
Using the Assessment of Reasoning Tool to facilitate feedback about diagnostic reasoning
Authors: Cohen Adam , Sur Moushumi , Falco Carla , Dhaliwal Gurpreet , Singhal Geeta , Thammasitboon Satid
Published: September 2022

Objectives

Idiosyncratic approaches to reasoning among teachers and limited reliable workplace-based assessment and feedback methods make teaching diagnostic reasoning challenging. The Assessment of Reasoning Tool (ART) was developed to fill this gap, but its utility and feasibility in providing feedback to residents has not been studied. We evaluated how the ART was used to assess, teach, and guide feedback on diagnostic reasoning to pediatric interns.

Methods

We used an integrated mixed-methods approach to evaluate how the ART facilitates the feedback process between clinical teachers and learners. We collected data from surveys of pediatric interns and interviews of hospital medicine faculty at Baylor College of Medicine from 2019 to 2020. Interns completed the survey each time they received feedback from their attending that was guided by the ART. The preliminary intern survey results informed the faculty interview questions. We integrated descriptive statistics of the survey with the thematic analysis of the transcribed interviews.

Results

Survey data (52 survey responses from 38 interns) and transcribed interviews (10 faculty) were analyzed. The ART framework provided a shared mental model which facilitated a feedback conversation. The ART-guided feedback was highly rated in terms of structure, content, and clarity in goal-setting while enabling new learning opportunities. Barriers to using the ART included limited time and inter-faculty variability of its use.

Conclusions

The ART facilitated effective and feasible faculty feedback to interns on their diagnostic reasoning skills.
The crystal structure of 1-(2-iodophenyl)-4-phenyl-1H-1,2,3-triazole, C14H10IN3
Authors: Caracelli Ignez , Teixeira Wystan K. O. , de Albuquerque Danilo Yano , Schwab Ricardo S. , Tiekink Edward R. T.
Published: September 2022

C14H10IN3, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 8.0778(6) Å, b = 11.1909(10) Å, c = 14.3114(12) Å, V = 1293.72(19) Å3, Z = 4, R

gt
(F) = 0.0312, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0790, T = 290 K.
Nonlinear reliability of urban rail transit network connectivity based on computer aided design and topology
Authors: Li Ya
Published: September 2022

Rail transit network is the backbone of the transport network. In this article, a topology nonlinear model based on L-space and P-space is proposed to understand the unreliability of urban rail transit network in computer-aided design. The proposed model requires different characteristics of rail transit according to L-space and P-space. The experiment result shows that the degree value of the network is relatively small in the L-space. In the L-space, more than 80% of the nodes have degree 2, and the degree distribution is very concentrated. In P-space, the overall degree value of the network is higher, and the distribution area is wider. Experiment results have proved that the aggregation coefficient of more than 85% of the nodes in the Shanghai rail transit network is 1, which provides a basis for the comparison of different trains and the research on the changes in future urban trains.
Edible film production using Aronia melanocarpa for smart food packaging
Authors: Ozcan Arif , Arman Kandirmaz Emine
Published: September 2022

Although smart packaging systems protect food, they also provide information about the shelf life of the content. This information is provided by the formation of severe shifts in color as a result of the reaction of the gases released by the decomposition of the food, the colorant used in smart packaging. The inks or films used in smart packaging systems may exhibit this feature. Because both ink and film materials come into direct contact with the food product in smart packaging, it is more suitable for the intended use of the packaging to be produced from edible and natural resources. In this study, we aimed to investigate the production of films and their use in active packaging systems using the natural source starch and another bio source black chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) fruit in order to produce smart packaging. In this study, the coloring matter was extracted from Aronia melanocarpa fruit using ethyl alcohol. The monomeric anthocyanin and total phenol contents of the extracted Aronia melanocarpa were determined by the pH differential method. Colorimetric edible films sensitive to pH changes were produced using starch biopolymer by adding different amounts of the obtained aronia extract. The chemical structures of the produced films were determined by ATR-FTIR, the color properties were determined using spectrophotometer, and the contact angles were determined using goniometer. In addition, the swelling ability was calculated based on the pH. The disk diffusion method was applied to the obtained films against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, and the antibacterial properties of the films were determined. The swelling ability of the films prepared with aronia and starch was approximately half as low as the blank film. The prepared films maintained their stability at all pH levels, including high acids and bases. While the edible films produced had a pink-red color at acidic pH, they turned dark blue at basic pH values. This shows that the color of the films changes depending on the nitrogen output from the spoiled meat and can be used as smart packaging. When the antibacterial properties were examined, the blank film (F0) did not have any antibacterial properties, however as the amount of aronia increased, an increase of 17–22 mm (F1 to F4) against gram-positive bacteria and 4–9.9 mm (F1 to F4), respectively, was observed against gram-negative bacteria. In addition, the fact that the films produced have inhibitory properties against gram-positive bacteria adds an extra feature to the packaging material, as it protects the food against degradation.
Geschlechtlichkeit und Sexualität im Alten Testament und im Koran: Eine intertheologische Betrachtung
Authors: Pyschny Katharina , Sievers Mira
Published: September 2022

Der Mann wurde vor der Frau erschaffen – dass es so im Alten Testament und im Koran steht, ist bis heute eine weit verbreitete Vorstellung, die in unterschiedlichen gesellschaftlichen Kontexten fortgeschrieben wird. Dabei speisen sich dieses und andere (Vor-) Urteile über die Geschlechterbeziehungen viel stärker aus der antiken und gegenwärtigen Rezeption der Texte als aus ihnen selbst. Vor diesem Hintergrund zielt die vorliegende Studie darauf, Aspekte von Geschlechtlichkeit und Sexualität aus alttestamentlicher und koranischer Perspektive neu zu verhandeln und in ein Gespräch miteinander zu bringen.
Molecular mediators of angiogenesis and neurogenesis after ischemic stroke
Authors: Paro Mitch R. , Chakraborty Arijit R. , Angelo Sophia , Nambiar Shyam , Bulsara Ketan R. , Verma Rajkumar
Published: September 2022

The mechanisms governing neurological and functional recovery after ischemic stroke are incompletely understood. Recent advances in knowledge of intrinsic repair processes of the CNS have so far translated into minimal improvement in outcomes for stroke victims. Better understanding of the processes underlying neurological recovery after stroke is necessary for development of novel therapeutic approaches. Angiogenesis and neurogenesis have emerged as central mechanisms of post-stroke recovery and potential targets for therapeutics. Frameworks have been developed for conceptualizing cerebral angiogenesis and neurogenesis at the tissue and cellular levels. These models highlight that angiogenesis and neurogenesis are linked to each other and to functional recovery. However, knowledge of the molecular framework linking angiogenesis and neurogenesis after stroke is limited. Studies of potential therapeutics typically focus on one mediator or pathway with minimal discussion of its role within these multifaceted biochemical processes. In this article, we briefly review the current understanding of the coupled processes of angiogenesis and neurogenesis after stroke. We then identify the molecular mediators and signaling pathways found in pre-clinical studies to upregulate both processes after stroke and contextualizes them within the current framework. This report thus contributes to a more-unified understanding of the molecular mediators governing angiogenesis and neurogenesis after stroke, which we hope will help guide the development of novel therapeutic approaches for stroke survivors.