bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Psycho-physiological characteristics of students-powerlifters of different training experience, who have affections of muscular skeletal apparatus
Authors: Lobko V.S.
Published: May 2015

Purpose: study of many years’ power lifting trainings influence on psycho-physiological and other characteristics of students, who have affections of muscular skeletal apparatus. Material: the research covered 73 students of 18-22 yrs. Age, who have different training experience. To exclude influence of previous training on experiment’s results, researches were conducted after 2-3 days of rest. The author studied personality’s features (by T. Elers). Psychological diagnostic was conducted by methodic of M.V. Makarenko. Results: different psycho-physiological characteristics, indicators of psychological state and personality’s features were found in students, depending on their power lifting training experience. Improvement of functional and nervous power indicators under influence of systemic power lifting trainings was detected. Conclusions: it was determined that improvement of students’ sportsmanship is accompanied by noticeable improvement of practically all tested indicators.
PSYCHOMOTOR THERAPY AS A EFFECTIVE METHOD OF ALLEVIATING THE SYMPTOMS OF CHILD’S NON-HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT
Authors: Gnitecka Jolanta , Nowak Agata , Romanowska-Tolloczko Anna
Published: May 2015

Purpose: assess the influence of a therapy conducted according to the Belgian School on the psychomotor development of children suffering from developmental dissonance. Material and methods: the studies involved 32 six yrs. old children, having symptoms of developmental dissonance, who qualified for Belgian psychomotor therapy and who came from different areas in Poland. Two measurements of the selected areas of the psychomotor field have been performed using the following tests: MOT 4-6 by R. Zimmer and M. Volkammer; PST 6-8 by S. Naville and A. Weber, B. Mock; WET 3-6 by P. Deimann and U. Kastner-Koller , as well as SCSIT by J. Ayres. The undertaken studies lasted for approximately 6 months and were a pedagogic quasi-experiment in nature. Results: upon the conclusion of experimental factor’s influence i.e. the Belgian psychomotor therapy, it has been observed that in the study pertaining to the psychomotor development, the results obtained by the six-year-old children cease to significantly differ from the values obtained by their peers, displaying no symptoms of dissonance. Conclusion: psychomotor therapy according to the Belgian School is a useful method of alleviating the symptoms of a non-harmonious development of a six-year-old child. A scientific confirmation of the research problem’s significance can facilitate therapist’s work. The results of the research will also contribute to the development of knowledge about diagnosis of developmental dissonance and Belgian psychomotor therapy.
Measuring Income and Wealth at the Top Using Administrative and Survey Data
Authors: Bricker Jesse , Henriques Alice M. , Krimmel Jake A. , Sabelhaus John E.
Published: May 2015

Administrative tax data indicate that U.S. top income and wealth shares are substantial and increasing rapidly (Piketty and Saez 2003, Saez and Zucman 2014). A key reason for using administrative data to measure top shares is to overcome the under-representation of families at the very top that plagues most household surveys. However, using tax records alone restricts the unit of analysis for measuring economic resources, limits the concepts of income and wealth being measured, and imposes a rigid correlation between income and wealth. The Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF) solves the under-representation problem by combining administrative and survey data (Bricker et al, 2014). Administrative records are used to select the SCF sample and verify that high-end families are appropriately represented, and the survey is designed to measure comprehensive concepts of income and wealth at the family level. The SCF shows high and rising top income and wealth shares, as in the administrative tax data. However, unadjusted, the levels and growth based on administrative tax data alone appear to be substantially larger. By constraining the SCF to be conceptually comparable, we reconcile the differences, and show the extent to which restrictions and rigidities needed to estimate top income and wealth shares in the administrative data bias up levels and growth rates.
Sallangvirág (Himantoglossum) fajok virágzás-fenológiája és elterjedési mintázata
Authors: Biró Éva , Bódis Judit
Published: May 2015

A sallangvirág (Himantoglossum) nemzetség fajai között – az Orchidaceae család több csoportjától eltérően – igen ritkák a hibridek. Ennek részben oka lehet a fajok egymással át nem fedő elterjedése, és a fajok eltérő virágzási ideje. Jelen közleményben a nemzetség fajainak elterjedési és virágzásfenológiai sajátságait igyekeztünk számszerűsíteni pontosan datált, virágzó állapotot reprezentáló herbáriumi lapok és irodalmi adatok (nyomtatásban vagy a világhálón publikált fényképek) alapján. Összesen 12 faj 1001 adatát gyűjtöttük össze. Hat taxon (H. adriaticum, H. caprinum, H. comperianum, H. hircinum, H. jankae, H. robertianum) esetében volt elegendő adat részletesebb elemzésekre, amely során megállapítottuk az egyes fajok átlagos virágzási középnapját és a virágzási időszak hosszát. A feldolgozott források alapján csak a H. formosum, H. galilaeum és a H. metlesicsianum elterjedési területe nem érintkezik más Himantoglossum fajjal, a többi legalább egy másik fajjal átfedő elterjedési területtel rendelkezik. 55 fajpárt vizsgálva a virágzási időben lévő különbségek 21 fajpár esetében nem voltak szignifikánsak, melyek közül csak öt fajpár (H. comperianum - H. caprinum, H. montis-tauri - H. comperianum, H. hircinum - H. adriaticum, H. montis-tauri - H. caprinum és H. jankae - H. calcaratum) rendelkezik átfedő elterjedési területtel. Ezek közül három fajpárnál találtunk hibridre vonatkozó adatot. Eredményeink alapján a sallangvirág nemzetség esetében a hibridizáció kizárásában a fenológiai izoláció játszik nagyobb szerepet.
A Ceratochloa (DC. et P. Beauv.) Hack. alnemzetség (Bromus L., Poaceae) hazai története és elterjedése
Authors: Kovács Dániel , Mesterházy Attila
Published: May 2015

A Ceratochloa alnemzetség a Bromus nemzetség egyik kicsi, de igen bonyolult taxonómiájú csoportja. Az ide tartozó fajok főként Észak- és Dél-Amerikában őshonosak, de adventívként a többi földrészen is jelen vannak. Hazánkból eddig két fajt mutattak ki, a Bromus catharticus-t és a B. carinatus-t. Az előbbit először Győrből, majd Környéről és a Nyírség nyugati feléről (Kálmánháza) jelezték. Utóbbi fajnak pedig Keszthely és Sopron területéről ismertek adatai. Az elmúlt években végzett intenzív városi flórakutatás során a B. catharticus két új populációja került elő Pécs városából.
A szagtalan rezeda (Reseda inodora Rchb.) előfordulása a Tiszántúlon
Authors: Csathó András István , Bede Ádám , Sudnik-Wójcikowska Barbara , Moysiyenko Ivan , Dembicz Iwona , Sallainé Kapocsi Judit
Published: May 2015

2012. augusztus 14-én a Mindszent (Csongrád megye) közigazgatási határában lévő Hegyes-halmon (KEF: 9487.3) a szagtalan rezeda (Reseda inodora) kisebb állománya került elő. A kb. 50–100 tőre tehető állomány a kunhalom (kurgán) szélén, a gyér növényzetű, gyomos szántásszegélyen élt. 2014. július 19-én a faj ismét előkerült a területen, a legnagyobb, több száz töves egyedszámban ekkor a halom szélén, a szomszédos kukoricás erősen felnyíló, gyomos szegélyében fordult elő. A védett Reseda inodora-nak nem volt ismert élő állománya a Körös–Maros Nemzeti Park Igazgatóság működési területén. A fajt a „CR” (Kipusztulással veszélyeztetett) kategóriában javasoljuk felvenni a regionális vöröslistára. A halmon több más ritka, jellemzően gyom, illetve pionír jellegű faj (Caucalis platycarpos subsp. muricata és subsp. platycarpos, Erodium ciconium, Lappula squarrosa, Melica transsilvanica, Papaver hybridum) előfordulása is ismertté vált az elmúlt években. Az eredmények egyúttal arra is rámutatnak, hogy a természetes sztyepp-, löszfalnövényzet-, illetve sztyeppcserjés-fajok fenntartása mellett a halmok fontos szerepet kaphatnak egyes, mára erősen visszaszorult, veszélyeztetetté vált gyomfajok (köztük ójövevény-fajok) megőrzésében is.
Sorbus udvardyana Somlyay & Sennikov a Balaton-felvidék keleti dolomitterületén
Authors: Bauer Norbert
Published: May 2015

A Balaton-felvidék keleti részéről a S. aria s.l. × S. torminalis hibrid eredetű taxonjai közül a szakirodalomban a „S. balatonica” jelenik meg (Felsőörs: „Káposzta-tető”), Boros Ádám gyűjtésére hivatkozva (Kárpáti 1960). 2014 nyarán, ezen a lelőhelyen, a felsőörsi Kopasz-tetőn és a lovasi Atya-hegyen folytatott flóratérképezési munka során kiderült, hogy a korábbi S. balatonica adat egy másik taxonra vonatkozik. A térképezett egyedek levélmorfológiai alapon a S. udvardyana taxonnal azonosíthatók.
Néhány florisztikai adat Kötcse környékéről (Dél-Dunántúl, Nyugat-Külső-Somogy)
Authors: Nagy Timea
Published: May 2015

Írásomban Külső-Somogy egy kis szegletéből gyűjtött florisztikai adataimat közlöm. Az adatok többsége 2014-ből származik.  Összesen 31 ritka, szórványosan előforduló vagy védett faj lelőhelyeit jegyeztem fel hat falu területéről [Karád, Kereki, Kötcse, Nagycsepely, Szólád (Nezde), Teleki]. A Dél-Dunántúl flórájára nézve új adat a Neotinea ustulata subsp. aestivalis előfordulása. Az Epipactis microphylla-nak és az E. tallosii-nak nem ismert korábbi adata Külső-Somogyból. A dolgozat a Cirsium boujartii új lelőhelyeit közli a faj elterjedésének északnyugati pereméről.
Statistics and Probability at Secondary Schools in the Federal State of Salzburg: An Empirical Study
Authors: Voit Wolfgang , Bathke Arne C.
Published: May 2015

Knowledge about the practical use of statistics and probability in today's mathematics instruction at secondary schools is vital in order to improve the academic education for future teachers. We have conducted an empirical study among school teachers to inform towards improved mathematics instruction and teacher preparation. The study provides a snapshot into the daily practice of instruction at school. Centered around the four following questions, the status of statistics and probability was examined. Where did  the current mathematics teachers study? What relevance do statistics and probability have in school? Which contents are actually taught in class? What kind of continuing education would be desirable for teachers? The study population consisted of all teachers of mathematics at secondary schools in the federal state of Salzburg.
MI Double Feature: Multiple Imputation to Address Nonresponse and Rounding Errors in Income Questions
Authors: Drechsler Joerg , Kiesl Hans , Speidel Matthias
Published: May 2015

Obtaining reliable income information in surveys is difficult for two reasons. On the one hand, many survey respondents consider income to be sensitive information and thus are reluctant to answer questions regarding their income. If those survey participants that do not provide information on their income are systematically different from the respondents - and there is ample of research indicating that they are - results based only on the observed income values will be misleading. On the other hand, respondents tend to round their income. Especially this second source of error is usually ignored when analyzing the income information.In a recent paper, Drechsler and Kiesl (2014) illustrated that inferences based on the collected information can be biased if the rounding is ignored and suggested a multiple imputation strategy to account for the rounding in reported income. In this paper we extend their approach to also address the nonresponse problem. We illustrate the approach using the household income variable from the German panel study "Labor Market and Social Security''.
Genome‐wide Association Mapping of Fusarium Head Blight Resistance and Agromorphological Traits in Barley Landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea
Authors: Mamo Bullo Erena , Steffenson Brian J.
Published: May 2015

Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and other cereals. In barley, the genetic basis of FHB resistance has been intensively studied through linkage mapping that identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, our understanding and application of these QTL in breeding is still limited due to the complex nature and low‐to‐moderate heritability of FHB resistance. Previous studies used either breeding lines, unimproved varieties, or germplasm selections. Here, we used association mapping in barley landraces to identify QTL associated with FHB severity, deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration and correlated agromorphological traits. Diverse barley landraces (n = 298) from Ethiopia and Eritrea were evaluated for the traits under field conditions for 2 yr (2011–2012) in Crookston, MN, and genotyped with 7842 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Association mapping analysis using a mixed model corrected for pairwise relatedness between individuals identified one common resistance QTL on barley chromosome 2HL significantly associated with both FHB severity and DON concentration and another one on 4HL associated with DON concentration. The QTL identified on 2HL is associated with the row‐type locus Vrs1. Both of these QTL were not significantly associated with heading date or plant height unlike other QTL reported in previous studies. Thus, the resistant accessions carrying these QTL may be used in breeding programs without the confounding effects from these agromorphological traits. Importantly, these QTL could be new alleles preserved in this unique germplasm, and the linked SNP markers found may be useful in marker‐assisted introgression of resistance.
Quantitative Trait Loci Analysis for Kernel‐Related Characteristics in Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Li Meixia , Wang Zhulin , Liang Ziying , Shen Weinan , Sun Fengli , Xi Yajun , Liu Shudong
Published: May 2015

This study aimed to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) 1000‐kernel weight (TKW), kernel size (KZ), and kernel shape (KS), using F2 and F2:3 populations derived from a cross between lines ‘0911–46’ and ‘42’. F2:3 grown in two different environments and two parents and F2 plants grown in one environment were phenotyped and genotyped for TKW, KZ including kernel length, kernel width and kernel thickness; and KS (ratios of kernel width/kernel length and kernel thickness/kernel length). Quantitative trait locus investigation was conducted based on a linkage map with 176 simple sequence repeat markers by composite interval mapping. A total of 53 QTLs (logarithm of odds ≥ 3) were identified on 13 chromosomes for six evaluated traits. Of these 53 QTL, six for TKW were located on chromosomes 1A, 2A, 2B, and 2D; 27 for KZ were on chromosomes 1A, 2D, 3A, 4D, 5A, 5B, 6D, and 7B; and 20 for KS were on chromosomes 1A, 1B, 2B, 2D, 3B, 4D, 5A and 7D. Two stable gene clusters influencing TKW, KZ, and KS were detected on chromosomes 1A and 2D, respectively. The QTL for TKW were located mainly on the A genome and the QTL for KS were mainly on the B genome, whereas the QTL for KZ were evenly distributed on the A, B, and D genomes. The QTLs for TKW and KS were mainly on homologous Group 1 and Group 2, whereas the QTL for KZ were evenly distributed on the seven homologous groups.
Sunlight Induces Black Color and Increases Flavonoid Levels in the Grain of Sorghum Line Tx3362
Authors: Pfeiffer Brian K. , Rooney William L.
Published: May 2015

The grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] line ‘Tx3362’ has a uniformly black pericarp color when produced under summer production conditions and it also contains high levels of 3‐deoxyanthocyanidins (3‐DOAs) in the bran layers of the grain. Consequently, Tx3362 has high levels of antioxidant activity and is a source of natural pigmentation that can be used as natural food coloring. However, prior research indicates that the black color is not fully penetrant in all environments. Specifically, black sorghum panicles shaded from sunlight between flowering and physiological maturity are dark red in color. The objective of this study was to determine if the time of light exposure affects pericarp color, 3‐DOA production, and other grain composition traits. Three experiments were conducted that shaded developing Tx3362 black sorghum panicles for varying time intervals in two Texas environments. After harvest, samples were visually phenotyped, quantitatively measured for color via colorimeter, and analyzed using near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIR) to estimate grain composition values. Across both environments, increased shading reduced and, in some cases, eliminated the black color, resulting in red grain. In addition, increased shading reduced the concentration of 3‐DOA, total phenols, tannins, and fiber but increased fat concentrations. Because of the strong association between visual score and 3‐DOA concentration, field selection for the darkest pericarp should result in selection for the highest 3‐DOA content. Additionally, maximum production of these beneficial compounds is environment‐specific. Therefore, environments with high sunlight intensity are conducive to the production of darker grain and higher 3‐DOA, tannin, and phenol content.
Colour change of bakery products influenced by used additions
Authors: Čáslavková Petra , Bednářová Martina , Ošťádalová Martina , Štarha Pavel , Bednář Josef , Pokorná Jana , Tremlová Bohuslava , Lukášková Zuzana Řezačová
Published: May 2015

This study deals with the effects of selected additions of vegetable origin on the colour of whole grain breads. The colour was assessed using model samples which were made of mixtures containing various wholemeal flour types (wheat, spelt, and rye flour) and increasing amounts of additions in the form of buckwheat, oat, and barley flour. The additions were 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 per cent. Colour measurement was performed instrumentally, using an image analysis method which was modified for the purposes of this study. It was found out that, regardless of the flour/addition ratio, both factors in the form of wheat, spelt, and rye wholemeal flour, and barley, oat and buckwheat flour additions and their interactions exhibited a significant influence on the colour of the bakery products (P < 0.05). As far as dependence of colour on the flour/addition ratio is concerned, significant differences (P < 0.05) were found for the following combinations: mixture of wheat flour with buckwheat, barley, and oat; mixture of spelt flour with buckwheat and oat; and mixture of rye flour with buckwheat and barley. The proposed general regression model which was created using the data obtained in the experiment, showed colour variability of more than 95 per cent.
Effect of pasteurization on the residues of tetracyclines in milk
Authors: Kellnerová Eva , Navrátilová Pavlína , Borkovcová Ivana
Published: May 2015

The main aim of this work was to determine the effect of high pasteurization of milk (85 °C/3 s) on the residues of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. The samples of raw cow’s milk, purchased from a vending machine, were spiked with standard solutions of tetracycline and oxytetracycline. The content of the residues of tetracycline antibiotics was measured before and after heating. Pre-cleaned samples were extracted by a mixed-mode solid phase extraction technique and analysed using high performance liquid chromatography/diode array detection. Whereas the residues of tetracycline decreased only by 5.74% and were not significantly different (P > 0.05), the residues of oxytetracycline decreased by 15.3% and this distinction was highly significant (P ≤ 0.01). Based on the results of our study, the tetracycline antibiotics were proved to have differences in the thermostability of particular substances at pasteurisation temperatures.
The effect of vacuum packaging on physicochemical changes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during cold storage
Authors: Ježek František , Buchtová Hana
Published: May 2015

The aim of the study was to monitor changes in selected physical (awwater activity, pH values) and chemical (TVBN total volatile basic nitrogen, TMA-N trimethylamine nitrogen, FFA free fatty acids, PV peroxide values, TBA thiobarbituric acid value) properties in the shelf life of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) muscle. A total of 192 trout were examined. Control samples (96 samples) were simply packaged in contact with atmospheric oxygen, while experimental samples (96 samples) were packaged in a commercial vacuum (98%). All the samples were stored at 2 ± 2° C for 11 days. Analyses were performed on storage days 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, and 11. During the experiment, aw values increased in both types of packaging (in air: 0.982; vacuum-packaged: 0.989). At the end of storage, TVBN and TMA concentrations were at 28.88 ± 4.42 and 19.28 ± 3.00 g mg·100-1, respectively, in the muscle of vacuum-packaged trout; and at 30.52 ± 2.91 and 19.94 ± 2.05 mg·100 g-1, respectively, in fish in simple packaging. The FFA content in vacuum-packaged fish initially declined before increasing to 3.67 ± 2.37% of total fat as oleic acid later in the experiment. The pattern of PV changes was inconclusive, and significant changes (P < 0.01) were observed in both types of packaging. On monitoring day 11, TBA values had ​​increased to 7.34 ± 3.10 mg·kg-1 in vacuum-packaged fish and to 26.03 ± 8.00 mg·kg-1 in fish in simple packaging. Free fatty acids are not a good indicator of spoilage because they are converted to hydroperoxides. Vacuum packaging effectively slowed down oxidative changes in rainbow trout muscle. The peroxide content is not a suitable indicator of shelf life as peroxides are decomposed to secondary products. Total volatile basic nitrogen and thiobarbituric acid value can be recommended as suitable indicators of freshness and shelf life.
Microstructure Characterization of Intermetallic γ-TiAl Based Alloys after High-Temperature Deformation
Authors: Godor F. , Werner R. , Lindemann J. , Clemens H. , Mayer S.
Published: May 2015

In this contribution, the microstructure of two intermetallic γ-TiAl-based alloys with different Al contents were examined after high-temperature deformation. To investigate the dynamic recrystallization of these alloys, isothermal compression tests were performed using a Gleeble® 3500 simulator. For the experiments, a temperature range of 1 150 °C to 1 300 °C and strain rates of 0.005 s−1, 0.05 s−1 and 0.5 s−1 were applied, up to a true strain of 0.9. The deformed microstructural states, particularly the multiphase alloys' dynamically recrystallized grain sizes were characterized via Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and Electron Back Scatter Diffraction (EBSD). The recrystallized grain sizes obtained from the experiments could be linked with the calculated Zener-Hollomon parameter through a power law.
Survey of Active Structural Control and Repair Using Piezoelectric Patches
Authors: Abuzaid Ahmed , Hrairi Meftah , Dawood M.S.I.
Published: May 2015

The piezoelectric actuator has gained popularity over the last few years. Attention has been directed towards the study of their electromechanical response in active repair and the control of damaged structures. This has been made possible through the development of various numerical and analytical techniques for such studies. The shift of focus towards the piezoelectric based approaches has been due to their advantages, which include strategic cost benefits in maintenance, as well as an increase in the life cycle of the repaired structures. Furthermore, adhesively bonded joints are widely used in the manufacturing and repairing of structures in many industries, especially automotive and aerospace engineering. This is due to the requirement for lightweight materials as well as the potential adhesive used to join materials with different characteristics. The piezoelectric actuator has also shown the capacity in controlling and lowering the shear stress concentration and joint edge peel in adhesively bonded joint systems. The structure’s control of stress and repair can generally be viewed as a reinforcement that influences the structure’s damage tolerance. Therefore, the interest of this review is on the applications of the piezoelectric actuators in both structural damage and the bonded adhesive joint system. The specific goal is to recognize the contemporary scientific challenges, including future opportunities.
Novel S = 1/2 Kagome Lattice Materials: Cs2TiCu3F12 and Rb2TiCu3F12
Authors: Downie Lewis , Ardashnikova Elena , Tang Chiu , Vasiliev Alexandre , Berdonosov Peter , Dolgikh Valery , De Vries Mark , Lightfoot Philip
Published: May 2015

Two new members of the A2B′Cu3F12 family of kagome-related materials have been prepared, in order to further understand the crystal-chemical relationships, phase transitions and magnetic behaviour within this family of potentially frustrated S = ½ two-dimensional quantum magnets. Cs2TiCu3F12 adopts a crystal structure with the ideal kagome lattice topology (space group R m) at ambient temperature. Diffraction studies reveal different symmetry-lowering structural phase transitions in single crystal and polycrystalline forms at sub-ambient temperatures, with the single crystal form retaining rhombohedral symmetry and the powder form being monoclinic. In both cases, long-range antiferromagnetic order occurs in the region 16–20 K. Rb2TiCu3F12 adopts a distorted triclinic structure even at ambient temperatures.
Simulation of a Standalone, Portable Steam Generator Driven by a Solar Concentrator
Authors: Sabry Mohamed , Nahas Mouaaz , Al-Lehyani Saud
Published: May 2015

Solar energy is a good solution for energy-deficiency problems, especially in regions such ‎as rural areas in the Middle East that have not been electrified yet or are ‎under electrification. In ‎this paper, with the aid of a Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation, we propose a ‎system that comprises a trough solar concentrator and a pipe—with flowing water—that ‎is set in the concentrator focus. The aim of this work is to investigate the feasibility of generating steam ‎from such a system as well as analyzing the generated steam quantitatively ‎and qualitatively. Effects of variation of solar radiation intensity, ambient temperature, water ‎flow rate and pipe diameter on the quantity and quality of the generated steam have been investigated. The results ‎show that a quantity of about 130 kg of steam could be generated per day with a 0.01 m diameter with 0.0042 kg/s flowing water, although qualitatively, a narrower pipe achieves better performance than a wider one. About 74 kg of daily accumulated steam mass with a temperature >423 K could be achieved for a 0.005 m diameter tube compared to about 50 kg for the 0.01 m diameter tube. Steam quality factor is higher at all flow rates for the 0.005 m diameter tube compared to that of 0.01 m.
Exploring Spatial Scale, Autocorrelation and Nonstationarity of Bird Species Richness Patterns
Authors: Holloway Paul , Miller Jennifer
Published: May 2015

In this paper we explore relationships between bird species richness and environmental factors in New York State, focusing particularly on how spatial scale, autocorrelation and nonstationarity affect these relationships. We used spatial statistics, Getis-Ord Gi*(d), to investigate how spatial scale affects the measurement of richness “hot-spots” and “cold-spots” (clusters of high and low species richness, respectively) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to explore scale dependencies and nonstationarity in the relationships between richness and environmental variables such as climate and plant productivity. Finally, we introduce a geovisualization approach to show how these relationships are affected by spatial scale in order to understand the complex spatial patterns of species richness.
Contextualized Relevance Evaluation of Geographic Information for Mobile Users in Location-Based Social Networks
Authors: Li Ming , Sun Yeran , Fan Hongchao
Published: May 2015

The relevance of geographic information to mobile users must be evaluated by taking into account the usage context. This paper assumes that emerging Location-based Social Networks (LBSNs) contain contextual information rich enough to be used in order to contextualize such an evaluation process. This assumption is demonstrated through an exploratory analysis of a Foursquare check-in dataset, which reveals the impacts of two contextual factors—temporal and spatial—on mobility patterns. This paper then proposes an approach that may be used to contextualize the evaluation of geographic information’s relevance. The proposed algorithm links a priori relevance to the contextualized relevance using the hidden impacts of contextual factors. Improved performance from the experiments carried out confirms the validity of the proposed approach, as well as the benefits of utilizing contextual information within the relevance evaluation process.
Interference of Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Cistanche tubulosa with the MTT Assay
Authors: Wang Yu-Jie , Zhou Si-Min , Xu Gang , Gao Yu-Qi
Published: May 2015

The MTT assay, as a screening method, has been widely used to measure the viability and proliferation of cells. However, it should be noted that MTT assay may not accurately reflect the effect of Cistanche tubulosa ethanolic extract on EA.hy926 cells viability. To investigate and identity the components responsible for the contradictory observations of the MTT assay, echinacoside and acteoside, two main phenylethanoid glycosides, from C. tubulosa ethanolic extract were isolated. The data derived from CCK-8, Hoechst 33342 and annexin V-FITC/PI assays suggest that the caffeyl group present in both isolated compounds was responsible for the conflicting results of the MTT assay. These data emphasize the need of using a variety of different methods to determine the effect of medicinal agents on cell viability to avoid generating misleading results.
A Chemical Engineering Perspective on the Origins of Life
Authors: Grover Martha , He Christine , Hsieh Ming-Chien , Yu Sheng-Sheng
Published: May 2015

Atoms and molecules assemble into materials, with the material structure determining the properties and ultimate function. Human-made materials and systems have achieved great complexity, such as the integrated circuit and the modern airplane. However, they still do not rival the adaptivity and robustness of biological systems. Understanding the reaction and assembly of molecules on the early Earth is a scientific grand challenge, and also can elucidate the design principles underlying biological materials and systems. This research requires understanding of chemical reactions, thermodynamics, fluid mechanics, heat and mass transfer, optimization, and control. Thus, the discipline of chemical engineering can play a central role in advancing the field. In this paper, an overview of research in the origins field is given, with particular emphasis on the origin of biopolymers and the role of chemical engineering phenomena. A case study is presented to highlight the importance of the environment and its coupling to the chemistry.
Participation des didacticiens à l'élaboration du savoir géographique (Didacticians participation to geographical knowledge construction)
Authors: Masson Michelle
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - The research in didactics of Geography wants to share as the other research fields the geographical knowledge construction. By its approaches, its tools, its questions and its results, it participates more and more in creating geographical knowledge. Despite this research specificity, the learning of geography, it follows the same principles of any research in the university.
Représentations spatiales et recherches didactiques (Spatial representations and didactic researches)
Authors: David J.
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - La problématique des représentations spatiales qui sert de référence à de nombreux travaux géographiques se révèle d'une grande utilité dans l'enseignement. Ainsi, elle favorise la participation des élèves à la construction du savoir.

Pour développer ces démarches, des recherches didactiques doivent se développer. Un exemple est présenté sur le thème de l'environnement avec pour objectif d'en faire un objet de géographie sociale.
Les élèves de collège et de lycée et la notion de milieu (Pupils and the notion of geographical environment)
Authors: Hugonie Gérard
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - La notion de milieu géographique se réduit pour la majorité des élèves à la juxtaposition de quelques éléments, surtout climatiques et végétaux en collège, avec quelques composantes anthropiques en lycée. Peu d'élèves conçoivent le milieu comme un ensemble d'éléments interreliés, comme un système. La notion n'est pas vraiment assimilée, construite, dans l'esprit des élèves jusqu'en seconde, malgré des heures de cours, car on se contente de décrire quelques-uns des éléments. Il faudrait présenter tous les éléments, y compris les sols, les eaux, les vents, les traces d'activités humaines, montrer leurs relations, définir le milieu comme un ensemble dynamique.
La Communauté rhénane alpine transfrontalière et l'aménagement régional des voies de communications (The Rhenish Alpine cross border community and the communication network improvement)
Authors: Deïcha Igor
Published: May 2015

The economic strong-points unique to each of the three regions, Liechtenstein, the Swiss canton of St. Gallen and the Austrian Land Vorarlberg complement each other rather than they compete against themselves.

From the cross-border cooperation, the "Rheinthalische Grenzgemeinschaft" was funded. Its existence contrasts with the lack of agreement of the three countries concerning their role in Europe (EEA, EFT A, EU).

The sometimes unstable balance between the varying degrees of "europea- ness" and cross-border-cooperation is shown in the coordinated development of the communication network. This is the key to the economy of the Rhine valley of this alpine border region which has always been used for traffic crossing the Alps.
Développement urbain et détérioration du cadre de vie à Alger (Urban development and life environment shading off in Algiers)
Authors: Hadjiedj Ali
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - In Algeria the spatial concentration of population has been linked to an important concentration of tertiary industries in the capital : Algiers, that is also the main industrial pole of the country. The consequences are an important housing shortage and a life environment shading off.
Le carroyage de données sociales : un exemple d'analyse par filtrage des données (Social data square gridding : a lineary filter analysis example)
Authors: Bizet Frédéric
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - This article shows a quantitative approach of some urban social facts from the census data, but with an original method (the square gridding) and the statistic treatment which is issued from remote sensing.
Afrique tropicale : de l'échec de la « révolution verte » à la « révolution doublement verte » (Tropical Africa : from the "green revolution" failure to the "doubly green revolution")
Authors: Raison Jean-Pierre
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - Why did Tropical Africa reject the "Green Revolution" initiated at the end of the sixties, based on the introduction of high yield varieties of grain crops, when at least an important part of Asia adopted it ? This is not because this continent rejects modernization, but because this one did not fit with the strategies and the means of African producers. "Green Revolution" was a typical intensification program, when, at that very time, African farmers were in a process of extensification : manpower was proportionally scarce, due to population growth, and the main problem was to control as much land as possible to challenge the multiplication of rural households. There has been only one full experiment of the Green Revolution approach in Africa, the Zambian case. In this country, Kenneth Kaunda's government launched Operation Food Production, which aimed at a quick increase of maize production on the whole country through the use of improved varieties, fertilizers and pesticids, all modern inputs being subsidized ; maize production was bought by parastatals at subdisized prices and maize flour was sold much below costs. This worked well technically but it was a complete economic failure : when copper prices fell, the Zambian government was unable to go on. Anyway, the Zambian case shows that African peasants answer positively to economic incentives. The huge population growth in tropical Africa now compels to intensification at least in parts of the continent, but the Green Revolution approach is unrealistic, taking into account the technical, social and economic situation : irrigation infrastructures are generally lacking, trading systems are unefficient, inputs are too expensive. Moreover the revolving towards a liberal economic approach, as prescribed by IMF and World Bank is a major constraint A new strategy has to be found, which could be what is sometimes called "Doubly Green Revolution", founded on a sophisticated approach of ecosystems in a perspective of sustainable development. In a way, traditional agricultural strategies in Africa fit with this type of approach, but it implies a great effort in research and, moreover, greater autonomy given to rural communities, which is a political challenge.
Filières agro-alimentaires et bassins de production dans les pays développés (Agri-business channels and production areas in the developed countries)
Authors: Diry Jean-Paul
Published: May 2015

Résumé. - L'exploitation agricole, réduite au rang de fournisseur de matière première, s'inscrit aujourd'hui dans une ou plusieurs filières agro-alimentaires. Les maillons d'«aval» ou d'« amont» de la chaîne, souvent dominés par des entreprises puissantes, n'ont cependant, en règle générale, pas cherché à contrôler directement la production agricole. En revanche, ils entretiennent des rapports juridiques et techniques étroits avec le secteur primaire. Cette organisation économique a une traduction spatiale directe sous forme de bassins de production dont la configuration évolue constamment. La lecture des systèmes agricoles et de leur dynamique est impossible à appréhender si l'on fait abstraction de ces données fondamentales.
Evolutions des articulations des agricultures des pays industrialisés aux marchés mondiaux (Connections evolutions of the industrialized countries agricultures to the world markets)
Authors: Charvet Jean-paul
Published: May 2015

Abstract. - The connections of the industrialized countries agricultures to the world markets appear very different according to the agricultural policies. In addition to that, they have recently evolved with the Uruguay Round negociations. Their recent and potential territorial projections are looked into.
TTFs nonsymmetrically fused with alkylthiophenic moieties
Authors: Silva Rafaela A L , Vieira Bruno J C , Andrade Marta M , Santos Isabel C , Rabaça Sandra , Belo Dulce , Almeida Manuel
Published: May 2015

Two new dithiolene ligand precursors, containing fused TTF and alkyl thiophenic moieties 3,3'-{[2-(5-(tert-butyl)thieno[2,3-d][1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole-4,5-diyl]bis[sulfanediyl]}dipropanenitrile (α-tbtdt, 1), and 3,3'-{[2-(5-methylthieno[2,3-d][1,3]dithiol-2-ylidene)-1,3-dithiole-4,5-diyl]bis[sulfanediyl]}dipropanenitrile (α-mtdt, 2), were synthesized and characterized. The electrochemical properties of these electronic donors were studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) in dichloromethane. Both compounds show two quasi-reversible oxidation processes, versus Ag/AgCl, typical of TTF donors at E11/2 = 279 V and E21/2 = 680 V for 1 and E11/2 = 304 V and E21/2 = 716 V in the case of 2. The single-crystal X-ray structure of 1 and of a charge transfer salt of 2, (α-mtdt)[Au(mnt)2] (3), are reported.
Jeunesse et familialisme en France et en Allemagne
Authors: Chevalier Tom
Published: May 2015

Les typologies traitant de la transition à l’âge adulte classent souvent la France et l’Allemagne dans le même régime continental « centré sur l’emploi ». Or, l’accès à l’emploi est fort différent dans ces deux pays. Cet article démontre que les similarités sont davantage à rechercher dans le système d’aides publiques plutôt que dans le domaine de l’insertion professionnelle. En effet, dans ces deux pays, une même logique sous-jacente a conduit à une « familialisation » des aides pour les jeunes : autrement dit, les jeunes sont considérés avant tout comme des enfants par le système de protection sociale, et les prestations sont ainsi d’abord dirigées vers les parents.
Renforcer l’état fédéral grâce aux documents d’identification
Authors: Dhermy-Mairal Marine
Published: May 2015

Depuis dix ans, les États-Unis ont durci la législation visant à les prémunir contre le terrorisme d’une part, l’immigration illégale d’autre part, et enfin la criminalité. C’est dans ce cadre que la loi encadrant l’obtention des permis de conduire a été réformée en 2005. Cet article analyse l’origine, la nature et le contexte plus général de la réforme. Il montre que l’État fédéral a renforcé son pouvoir, à la faveur d’une réorganisation de ses administrations qui a abouti à un traitement uniforme des « figures de la menace », à une homogénéisation des pratiques en matière d’identification et à un contrôle plus rigoureux de l’immigration aux frontières et à l’intérieur du territoire. En dépit de ce renforcement, nous montrons que les bases du fédéralisme ont été préservées, accréditant ainsi l’idée d’une nécessaire disjonction du couple traditionnel « État faible » et « fédéralisme ».
Innover de façon plus juste ? De la place des connaissances dans un dispositif de coopération sciences sociales – industrie
Authors: Goulet Frédéric , Sauvegrain Sophie-Anne , Arciniegas Laura , Bricas Nicolas
Published: May 2015

Cet article analyse un dispositif de coopération sciences sociales – industrie, dont l’objectif est de développer des démarches alternatives de conception d’innovation au sein d’une entreprise agroalimentaire. Nous questionnons les modalités par lesquelles des connaissances socio-anthropologiques sur l’alimentation des consommateurs sont produites dans le cadre de ce partenariat, et sont mobilisées au sein de l’entreprise pour stimuler la production d’innovation plus juste, en termes de responsabilité et d’adéquation au marché. À partir d’une enquête de terrain à l’interface entre recherche-action et analyse critique, nous analysons tout d’abord l’origine et l’enjeu de ce rapprochement avec les sciences sociales et le type de connaissances qu’elles génèrent. Nous montrons ensuite les difficultés émaillant cette coopération, en termes de temporalités dissonantes entre activité de production de connaissances et conception de produits, de frontières du dispositif, et d’importance accordée au sein de ce dernier par l’entreprise aux connaissances socio-anthropologiques. Codes JEL : Z1, L66, O15, O32, O35
Les tableaux de bord sur données massives, pour un nouveau management de l’innovation ?
Authors: Vayre Jean-Sébastien
Published: May 2015

Avec le développement des Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (TIC) au sein des sphères du marché et de l’organisation, les consommateurs et les travailleurs sont conduits à produire de très nombreuses traces d’usages ( cf. les big data ) permettant de renseigner leurs activités de consommation et de fabrication. Compte tenu que ce que nous appelons les Tableaux de Bord sur Données Massives (TBDM) ont précisément pour fonction d’améliorer et de faciliter l’exploration des traces d’usages, nous proposons dans cet article de nous appuyer sur une enquête qualitative dans le but de traiter le questionnement suivant : dans quelle mesure les TBDM contribuent-ils à améliorer les processus d’innovation au sein de l’organisation ? Si les TBDM favorisent les processus d’innovation incrémentale au sein de l’entreprise, en tant qu’outils de management de l’innovation, il est néanmoins possible de questionner leur apport dans le cadre de processus d’innovation de rupture. Codes JEL : A14, O13, M15
FabLab et extension de la forme réseau : vers une nouvelle dynamique industrielle ?
Authors: Bouvier-Patron Paul
Published: May 2015

Du point de vue de la théorie de la firme, analytiquement et pratiquement, le tournant managérial des années 1980, consacrant la forme Réseau de Firmes, peut donner lieu à une virtualisation des échanges via Internet et/ou d’autres NTIC : la forme Virtuelle. Au-delà, la création-fabrication est rendue possible désormais par les Technologies Numériques comme le laisse supposer le dispositif expérimental FabLab . Or, la forme Réseau de Firmes coordonnant des compétences complémentaires s’avère idoine pour solliciter et valoriser ce nouvel appendice potentiel qu’est le FabLab , soit comme espace de création intra-organisationnel, soit comme espace professionnel de prototypage rapide dans le cadre inter-organisationnel. Cette nouvelle combinaison originale intégrant le FabLab dans le Réseau de Firmes en diminuant le coût de conception et d’innovation est, potentiellement, la source envisageable d’une nouvelle dynamique industrielle. Codes JEL : D20, L10, L20, M10, O30
Le Dieu caché du livre de Ruth. Un chemin de lecture, un chemin pour la foi
Authors: Sonnet Jean-Pierre , Majà Guiu Marc
Published: May 2015

Avec l’histoire de Joseph et le livre d’Esther, le livre de Ruth se distingue par une option narrative singulière : le personnage de Dieu s’y trouve comme retiré dans les coulisses de l’action. Il est celui qu’évoquent, ou qu’invoquent, les hommes ; il n’intervient pas — en tant que sujet d’initiative — dans l’histoire racontée par le narrateur. L’étude que voici examine les voies et moyens de cette modalité narrative, dans sa manière particulière de parler à la foi des lecteurs, avant de s’interroger sur le tournant que représente Rt 4,13, première attestation d’une intervention directe de Dieu.
La tragédie du roi Saül
Authors: Forthomme Bernard
Published: May 2015

Ce que l’on désigne communément par la folie du roi Saül comporte en réalité le drame de l’émergence d’une certaine autonomie du politique et donc une forme de rationalisation. Cette étude pointe l’abîme entre la fonction nouvelle et la vie psychique ou spirituelle qui l’assume, en contrepoint avec le messianisme davidique. Après une approche de la jalousie singulière de Saül, nous examinons ici les quatre remèdes évoqués par les Écritures : la musique, les discours curatifs, le sevrage et le recours à la nécromancienne.
Les Exercices Spirituels de saint Ignace et le dogme de Chalcédoine
Authors: Gervais Pierre
Published: May 2015

Les Exercices mettent au contact du Christ des Évangiles en référence aux grandes affirmations des conciles de Chalcédoine et du Latran sur les deux natures et volontés divines et humaines dans le Christ. En s’appuyant sur les quatre occurrences de l’expression « la divinité » dans les Exercices, l’article met en lumière la réalité d’ordre proprement théologale sur laquelle porte la contemplation ignatienne dans son attention au récit évangélique.
La recherche de rente en Europe : facteurs institutionnels et politiques de la vitesse de réduction des protections nationales des marchés
Authors: François Abel , Sauger Nicolas
Published: May 2015

L’objectif de cet article est de montrer que les effets de la recherche de rente sont influencés par le contexte institutionnel et politique. Après une rapide présentation de la littérature, nous envisageons les incidences que peuvent avoir différentes caractéristiques des systèmes politiques sur la recherche de rente. Les pays européens, caractérisés par des disparités nationales importantes en termes de protection des marchés et par une tendance commune à la diminution de ces protections, permettent de mener une analyse empirique comparative au niveau national. A partir des mesures de l’OCDE sur les évolutions des protections des marchés nationaux au sein de l’Espace Économique Européen, nous montrons, qu’à l’échelle nationale, le résultat de la recherche de rente est influencé par des éléments du contexte politique et institutionnel national. Ces effets sont différenciés selon qu’il s’agit de protections internes ou externes.