bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BUKTI INDEPENDENSI DAN KOMPETENSI AUDITOR TERHADAP KUALITAS AUDIT KAP DI KOTA SURABAYA
Authors: Murdiansyah Isnan , Lestari Yona Octiani
Published: November 2023

The purpose of this study was to obtain empirical evidence of audit fees moderating the effect of auditor independence and auditor competence on audit quality with audit fees as moderating. The dependent variable in this study is audit quality, the independent variable in this study is the independence and competence of auditors, and the moderating variable in this study is the audit fee. The research was conducted at a Public Accounting Firm (KAP) in the city of Surabaya which is registered with the Indonesian Institute of Certified Public Accountants (IAPI) in 2022. This type of research is quantitative. The data in this study used primary data by distributing questionnaires. The sampling method used convenience sampling, which is a technique for selecting samples based on the number of people in the Public Accounting Firm. The data analysis technique used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA). The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive effect of audit fees that moderate auditor independence and auditor competence on audit quality. The results of this study are expected to assist auditors in knowing the effect of improving audit quality in Public Accounting Firms.
PERAN RELATIONSHIP MARKETING DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEPUASAN DAN LOYALITAS NASABAH
Authors: Hidayah Ria Nurul , Rahayu Yayuk Sri
Published: November 2023

This research aims to determine whether there is an influence of Sharia marketing and relationship marketing characteristics on customer loyalty at Bank NTB KCP Kediri with satisfaction as an intervening variable. This research was conducted on Bank NTB KCP Kediri customers with a total of 8852 customers. This type of research is quantitative with the path analysis research method and the analytical technique used is SPSS version 25. The number of samples used is the Slovin formula with a margin of error that has been set at 10% so a total of 99 respondents are needed. To collect research data by distributing questionnaires and purposive random sampling. The results of hypothesis testing show that Sharia marketing characteristics do not directly influence loyalty and satisfaction, while relationship marketing directly influences loyalty and satisfaction. The results of hypothesis testing indirectly show that the characteristics of Sharia marketing and relationship marketing through satisfaction do not have a significant influence on customer loyalty. So the influence of Sharia marketing and relationship marketing characteristics on customer loyalty at Bank NTB KCP Kediri with satisfaction as an intervening variable is rejected.
Research Progress on the Mechanism of Androgen Receptor Signaling Pathway in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer
Authors: Cui Na , Li Mingjie
Published: November 2023

Prostate cancer (Pca) remains the most common malignancy worldwide in men, and the second leading cause of mortality only to lung cancer. Besides surgery, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is a major treatment for Pca. However, ADT leads to the inevitable progression of castration-resistant Pca (CRPC). The transition from hormone-dependent Pca (ADPC) to CRPC has been shown to involve reactivation of the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway. The evidence become strong that Pca develop adaptive mechanisms for maintaining AR signaling to allow for survival and further evolution. This article mainly reviews the research progress of the mechanism(s) of AR signaling in CRPC and provides scientific basis and new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of this phenotype.
The SEDIMENTOLOGICAL ANALYSIS, DEPOSITIONAL ENVIRONMENT AND SEQUENCE STRATIGRAPHIC STUDY OF IDA 4, 5, 6 WELLS NIGER DELTA BASIN, NIGERIA
Authors: Chukwuma-Orji Jacinta Nkiru
Published: November 2023

Sequence stratigraphic study divides sedimentary successions into unconformity or maximum flooding surface bounded units (sequence) that form during a single, major cycle of sea-level change. Detailed sedimentological and sequence stratigraphic studies of the strata penetrated by Ida-4, 5, and 6 wells were carried out to deduce the depositional environment and correlate the stratigraphic units. The wells are located in the coastal swamp depobelt of the Eastern Niger Delta.  Studied samples were dry-sieved for sedimentological analyses. Each fraction was studied under reflected light microscope. The lithology consists of an alternation of shale and sandstone units. The grain size of the sandstone units consists of fine to medium grains, occasionally coarse to granule-sized grains. Dominant accessories minerals are ferruginous materials, shell fragments, carbonaceous detritus, and few records, of mica flakes, glauconite, and pyrite. Regular sand and shale intercalation pattern on the Gamma Ray log permitted easy recognition of sub-cycles (autocycles) of sedimentation in an extensively developed paralic sequence. Paleoenvironmental reconstruction using accessories minerals recognizes shallow water settings with intermittent deeper water conditions. Rapid sedimentation rates are inferred in the studied area based on the observed alternation of thick sandstone, shale, and mudstone units.  The MFS and SB were dated 9.5 Ma and 10.35 Ma respectively. Lithologic and system tracts correlations show lateral continuity of sandstone units (potential reservoirs) depicted in the lithofacies subcycles correlation. This is useful in the determination of reservoir geometry, areal coverage, and calculation of the volume of accumulated hydrocarbon, and directing well trajectory during the drilling operation.
Calculation and Selection of Spectral Characteristics of Radiation of LED Luminaires for Operation Rooms
Authors: Shumskaya Margarita V. , Snetkov Vladimir Y. , Eliseev Nikolay P.
Published: November 2023

Many researchers considered improvement of colour discrimination an important factor of surgery illumination, but none of them provided data on colour contrast estimation. The article describes the results of an extensive search of spectrum that are the most preferable for application in surgery equipment using selected light emitting diodes (LED) of different types. The search was not also based on the qualitative characteristics recommended by the standard, but also on a previously non-considered parameter: colour contrast between human tissues K estimated in uniform-chromaticity systems.
The programme developed in MATLAB environment allows to model the cumulative spectrum of a LED light source, to determine the proportions of LED radiation or crystals in LED providing the maximum value of LED general colour rendering index Ra at the set correlated colour temperature or the maximum value of averaged K in uniform-chromaticity systems both in presence of the limited Ra value of 85 and if there are no limitations. Such options of spectrum search allowed to evaluate the probability of K change and its maximum, as well as to identify three possible operating modes of surgery equipment when using the said LEDs. The first of them is following the existing recommendations for Ra with possible insignificant change of K, the second one is the priority of K assuming violation of the Ra recommendations to increase K, and the third option assumes switching between the modes if necessary. LED spectra are selected for such different modes. Other colour rendering indexes are also estimated, and the authors recommend using the new standard TM‑30–15 for standardisation of the colour rendering quality of light sources used in surgery luminaires. It is based on 99 samples and some of the tests have reflective properties close to those of human tissues.
Lighting of Exhibitions in Museums with Limited Power Supply Capabilities
Authors: Novakovsky Leonid G. , Volgina Lyubov E.
Published: November 2023

Using an example of lighting of art objects in museums with limited power supply, methods of solving problems of meeting the requirements to museum lighting and forming of a lighting environment inherent to the initial function of a building (palace, temple) are demonstrated.
The proposed methods are based on utilisation of a self-contained power supply and original luminaires of minimal size with increased functionality and properties specific for lighting of different exhibitions. Requirements to such luminaires are formulated and principles of their arrangement and operation are demonstrated.
Light and Climate: Regulatory Requirements and Practice of Cultural Valuables Preservation
Authors: Dorokhov Victor B.
Published: November 2023

The article presents the set of data related to development of museum illumination control standards. The main goal of the review is to demonstrate the balance between illumination adjustment as a means to improve preservation of museum exhibits and adjustment as a means to improve presentation of exhibits to visitors. Such review became necessary due to intensification of activities for development of museum illumination regulations since 2018. As part of these activities, the specialists of two leading organisations – light engineers of the Russian Lighting Research Institute named after S.I. Vavilov (VNISI) and the museum and restoration community of the State Research Institute for Restoration – fulfilled a contract for analysis of museum practice in the sphere of museum illumination.
The results of the studies under the contract were reviewed and approved during an extended meeting of the museum illumination commission of the Scientific and Technical Council of the Lighting Industry in the Russian Federation (STC “Svetotekhnika”) with participation of representatives of the museum community. The results of this work were also discussed at a meeting of the scientific council of GosNIIR.
In 2020, specialists of VNISI developed four regulations of LED illumination for museums after fulfilling the contract. The article presents a brief description of the potential of these documents for improvement of development of LED museum illumination. It demonstrates limited applicability of the developed standards to actual needs of museums and the mistakes made by the developers, which pose risks for preservation of museum exhibits if these standards are used in practice.
The author proposes the ways of further development and improvement of the regulatory framework of museum illumination. These ways and the programme of regulation development were discussed and approved at the meeting of the scientific council of GosNIIR.
A Model for Evaluating the Visual Perception of an Arbitrary Distribution of Luminance in Indoor Lighting Installations
Authors: Budak Vladimir P. , Ilyina Ekaterina I.
Published: November 2023

How to assess what kind of feeling the lighting scene causes? A new level of computer graphics visualization makes it possible to think about real image through synthetic images from one hand, and from other hand, today the HDRi method allows fixing luminance with an accuracy of up to 10 % in a wide range. Therefore, assessing the lighting quality of designed and existing lighting installations in terms of luminance reaches a new level. It brings the creating of psychophysical model of lighting quality assessment through photometric quantities closer. The structure of the model can be represented in two parts: the calculation equation and the psychophysical scale. This work considers the issue of choosing categories of the psychophysical scale, the method of creating of luminance maps for scene with an arbitrary spatial angle luminance distribution, and the method for evaluating scenes using a new gradient criterion Q based on these maps. An analysis of HDRi images of workplaces based on the experimental setup and scenes in a cafe showed that the Q criterion depends on the type of scene and on the number of light sources in the field of view. One could suggest that it is impossible to create one single psychophysical scale for the Q criterion. However, one can use this new criterion to evaluate the same scenes with different lighting options or similar scenes in terms of spatial luminance distribution and glare. Despite of the luminance map values have an error of about 30 % the using HDRi image of scene allows to calculate Q criterion with an accuracy of about 10 %.
Mathematical Model for Heat and Mass Transfer of Concrete Heat Treatment Using Solar Power
Authors: Ibragimov Alexander M. , Aksakovskaya Lyubov N. , Gerasimova Svetlana V.
Published: November 2023

In this article, a physical and mathematical model of the unsteady process of heat and mass transfer in a flat reinforced concrete structure during its heat treatment by solar energy is proposed and considered. Monolithic concreting in the conditions of a construction site is currently widespread in the construction industry. The subject of the article is to consider the issues of heat treatment of concrete and acceleration of its hardening processes using solar energy. Analytical expressions have been obtained that simulate the process at any stage of it, which makes it possible to actively intervene and adjust the external parameters of the environment to create rational and comfortable conditions for concrete strength growth.
Strategi Pengembangan Sumber Daya Hayati Sebagai Potensi Destinasi Wisata Edukasi di Pantai Baron Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta
Authors: Fadirubun Fahmi Fahrudin , Oktafani Farah Ashilah , Zain Nabilah Kamelia , Andreansyah Nauval Kaka
Published: November 2023

Pantai Baron adalah salah satu pantai Yogyakarta di Samudera Hindia. Pantai Baron merupakan pantai pertama yang dikembangkan oleh pemerintah. Pantai ini memiliki luas 1,5 hektar, Pantai Baron punya ciri khas sebagai Pantai yang memiliki tempat tertinggi bagi pengunjung untuk melihat keindahan pantai. Pantai ini juga menjadi tujuan pertama wisata pantai saat berkunjung ke Kabupaten Gunung Kidul. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi Pantai Baron. Metode penelitian yang kami gunakan adalah penelitian deskriptif berusaha menemukan informasi mendeskripsikan benar dan akurat berdasarkan pengamatan, benda dan orang. Penelitian menunjukan berbagai macam jenis yang dapat dikategorikan seperti studi kasus dan survei. Data dikumpulkan dengan bantuan survei literatur deskriptif. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah analisis lokasi, analisis fungsi sasaran, analisis kondisi properti dan infrastruktur, analisis daya tarik, analisis persepsi dan preferensi, serta analisis biaya dan strategi. Jenis penelitian ini adalah pencarian pustaka.
Study of Nutrient Concentration and Frequency of Drip Irrigation on Mustard Greens (Brassica rapa L.) Yields Using a Microcontroller
Authors: Harikurniawan Rizky , Soeparjono Sigit , Dewanti Parawita , Saputra Tri Wahyu
Published: November 2023

Plant nutrition and water provision are very important for plant growth and development. Nutrition can be done with AB mix nutrition with a certain concentration while the frequency of water can be controlled with a microcontroller. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of various concentrations of AB mix nutrients and the frequency of irrigation water using a microcontroller on the yield of mustard greens. This research can be useful as a source of information related to the application of microcontroller sensors in the provision of appropriate AB mix water and nutrition for farmers and practitioners. The research design consisted of two treatments, namely the concentration of AB mix and the frequency of water administration with 3 repetitions. the concentration of AB mix nutrients given consisted of three variations, namely 750 ppm (D1), 1250 ppm (D2), and 1750 ppm (D3) while the frequency variations consisted of variations of 4x water administration (F1), 8x water administration (F2), and 12x water administration (F3). The volume of water has increased by three stages from the beginning of planting to harvest. The results showed that the AB mix concentration treatment showed a significant difference to plant fresh weight but not to other parameters. The frequency of water treatment also showed the same results as the nutrient concentration treatment and there was no interaction between the frequency of water treatment and the AB mix concentration. Furthermore, the best variation is the variation of nutrition 1750 ppm and the frequency of 8x watering.
First Report of Genus Plumeria L. (1753) in Ternate Island as The Flora Ternate Database
Authors: Suparman Suparman , Tolangara Abdulrasyid , Ahmad Hasnah , Risnawaty Wa Ode , Rasyid Magfirah
Published: November 2023

The genus Plumeria Tourn ex. Linn., family Apocynaceae Juss officially has 20 accepted species from around the world. The genus is native from Mexico to Caribbean; however, it was introduced to some part of world especially to tropical area. In this paper, we formally reported for the first time the data for the genus Plumeria in Ternate, North Maluku, Indonesia. The exploration research was conducted from March to June 2022 for around Ternate Island. All species of Plumeria spp are noted and collected from 21 villages as representative of five subdistricts in Ternate Island. Three accepted species namely Plumeria obtusa L., P. pudica Jacq., dan P. rubra L are validated in Ternate. All species are discovered as ornamental plant and cemetery marker. P. obtusa is the most common species found in many villages followed by P. rubra. This publication shares information about location, general utility, and key identification for every species
Yield and growth rates of pastures grown in the Bay of Plenty region over 35 years
Authors: Moot Derrick , Teixeira Carmen , Hawke Martin
Published: November 2023

Bay of Plenty district, and particularly the Rotorua Lakes area, has a diverse terrain and soil types which influence pasture production. Regular measurement of pasture production enables short term decision making on a farm scale and is invaluable for catchment,district and regional long term management strategies. Thomas (Tom) M. Gee, was a retired farmer with more than 18 years of field trial experience with MAF Field Research Division. He collected data from more than 30 farms after he retired. Data from other sites in the district were collected in the early 1970s by MAF technicians stationed in Whakatane and Tauranga and later by AgResearch staff and a farm consultant based in Rotorua. Tom Gee’s mission was to use these measurements to provide farmers with rates of growth (ROG) data to inform them about their farm. The Gee farm (Fairbank) of 200 ha was originally leased from Ngati Whakaue Tribal Lands in 1916 and then purchased before much of it was sold back to the Incorporation in 1970. Tom retired in 1989 but kept meticulously recording pasture growth rates on different farms up to ~ 2007. Some field notes were lost, but datasets with gaps are still useful to assist monthly growth rates calculations. His valuable and extensive (almost 25 years) on farm field records have been retrieved, compiled, assembled, and digitised, to be saved electronically, and entered into the AgYields National Database hosted at Lincoln University. Part of this legacy dataset has been summarised and dry matter yields and growth rates calculated, consistent withprevious methods, to provide a quantified description of mean monthly pasture growth rates across the Bay of Plenty region, in New Zealand.
Pasture growth curve impacts the economic merit of extended lactation: a simulation study
Authors: Farrell Lydia , Verhoek Kirsty , Edwards Paul
Published: November 2023

Voluntarily increasing the calving interval beyond 12-months (extended lactation; EL) has possible benefits in reducing labour requirements, herd replacement rate, and surplus calf numbers. With limited information on feed balance and economic effects with EL, reductions in profitability were hypothesised. A MS Excel spreadsheet model was developed to compare calving systems: spring calving annually (Base), two herds between spring and autumn calving with 18-month calving intervals (EL18), or two herds calving in alternating springs with 24-month intervals (EL24). Weekly feed balances using pasture growth curves for four regions (Northland, Waikato, Canterbury, Southland) and partial budget analysis informed estimations of supplement costs and net income (NI). The EL24 system had lower supplement costs (-$240 /ha) and higher NI (+$439 /ha) than the Base system for Northland only. The EL18 systemalways had the highest annual milk production and total revenue, but highest supplement costs and lowest NI in the four regions. Replacement, calving, and mating costs were lower for EL systems than Base; however, costs for milking and repairs and maintenance were higher. This preliminary study indicates there is merit in investigating EL systems, particularly for Northland. Further data from EL systems are needed to increase confidence in the system’s potential.
Variation in kale and fodder beet yield and quality over winter affects nutrient supply to non-lactating dairy cows at the Southern Dairy Hub
Authors: Wheadon Nicole , Dalley Dawn , Woods Roshean
Published: November 2023

Estimating crop quality and quantity is important for feed budgeting and nutritional balancing of diets for winter grazing. Commonly, farmers measure crop dry matter (DM) yield in autumn, but few complete quality tests. We assessed the DM yield and quality oflate spring sown kale and fodder beet (FB) from early autumn to late winter over five years at the Southern Dairy Hub, Southland, New Zealand. Yield and quality parameters were analysed over time since sowing, using polynomial data fitting. We hypothesised thatcrop yields would remain stable during winter grazing, but that the supply of nutrients would vary, driven by a decline in the leaf proportion. Overall, crops showed rapid growth prior to winter but stable yields during winter grazing, but there was year to year variation in apparent growth trends and yields. The proportion of FB bulb increased over winter relative to the total crop yield for all cultivars and years. Fodder beet leaf was numerically higher in multiple nutrient concentrations (crude protein, Ca, Mg, P, S) compared to the bulb. For both crops, nutrients had only small fluctuations in concentration over time. Completing yield assessments in late autumn would give farmers a useful baseline yield indication for winter. Crop quality tests are recommended to identify any nutritional deficiencies that need addressing to ensure good animal health and performance.
Fodder beet: know what you are feeding for a nutritionally balanced diet for dairy cattle
Authors: Woods Roshean , Dalley Dawn , Edwards John , Judson Glenn
Published: November 2023

Fodder beet’s (FB) high soluble sugar and low crude protein content provide environmental benefits but also nutritional challenges, making it a unique crop in New Zealand dairy systems. Knowledge of dietary nutrient content is important to inform both mineralsupplementation and type of supplementary feed to offer. This will help ensure nutritional requirements for dairy cows are met, maximising the likelihood of positive outcomes for animal health and production. A database containing 694 samples of FB leaf andbulb tissue was compiled from monitor farm data, research projects, and cultivar evaluation trials with the objective of determining the variability in nutritional content. Descriptive statistics were used to highlight the range and variability in FB leaf and bulb nutritional composition between regions and cultivars. Our results reinforce that FB bulbs (which usually make up 70- 90% of the crop DM) are typically low in crude protein, fibre, phosphorus, calcium, and sulphur, but are high in soluble sugars. The variation in nutrient content between cultivars, and within cultivars both between and within regions shown in this study highlights the importance of paddock-specific feed analyses, and the limitations of textbook values, particularly whole crop values which do not differentiate between bulb and the more nutritionally valuable leaf.
Māori cultural values and soil fertility management – an exploratory study
Authors: Lucock Xiaomeng , Moir Jim , Ruwhiu Diane
Published: November 2023

Collectively owned Māori farming entities work much of the remaining Māori freehold land in Aotearoa New Zealand (~5% of total) and the majority of these are registered in the Māori Land Court. The effective and sustainable management of these farms is vital tolandowners (e.g., whānau/hapū/iwi) whose prosperity is dependent on the wealth and strength of connection generated from this land (whenua), which is also a source of wellbeing. There are some distinct features of the institutional factors of Māori farms that impact on how they are managed. For example, because Māori land can never be sold (Te Ture Whenua Māori Act 1993), realising capital gain is not an option for Māori farmers. Māori farm managers hence focus on cashflow and profit within the farming operations, which can sometimes put pressure on important yet discretionary investment expenditures, such as fertiliser costs (Cottrell 2016). However, as nutrients are taken off farms through animal products, soil fertility management is fundamental to the replenishing of nutrients on farms to maintain productivity and profitability (Haynes and Williams 1993). Consequently, fertiliser costs take up a significant proportion of farm expenditure for most New  ealand farms, impacting on their profitability (Hedley 2015). The retention and control of Māori land remains a top priority for Māori land managers, with whom the continuous provision of return through productivity or profitability is seen as essential for landowners (e.g., whānau), and the long-term sustainable managementand delivery of services is largely driven by cultural values. So, where does the balance lie between ongoing provision and potentially discretionary expenditure? The present research set out to explore the nuances behind such a question.
Using leaf regrowth stage to define defoliation interval for diverse pastures of complementary species (Lolium perenne L., Bromus valdivianus Phil., Dactylis glomerata L. and Trifolium repens L.)
Authors: Oliveira Bia , Lopez Ignacio , Cranston Lydia , Kemp Peter , Donaghy Danny
Published: November 2023

Diverse pastures of complementary species (DPCS) comprise species that fulfil different agroecological niches, resulting in growth asynchrony and complementarity of functional roles. It is expected that DPCS have a greater capability to tolerate and performunder increasingly extreme climate events, providing a potential alternative for New Zealand pastoral systems. In the present study, DPCS comprised Lolium perenne L., Bromus valdivianus Phil., Dactylis glomerata L., and Trifolium repens L. The leaf regrowth stage [LS; L. perenne (2.5-3.0LS), B. valdivianus (3.5-4.0LS) and D. glomerata (3.5-4.0LS)] is proposed to be an applicable method of defoliation management for DPCS due to a potential overlapping of the defoliation interval. The seasonal and annual herbage mass accumulation and botanical composition of DPCS and their respective single-grass and T. repens pastures under the LS criterion were assessed. The annual yield did not differ among pastures (average 20.26 t dry matter (DM) ha- 1). However, significant differences were found within seasons, with DPCS exhibiting asynchronous growth among species that reduced the seasonality of herbageaccumulation and invasion by volunteer species. Lolium perenne, B. valdivianus and D. glomerata were shown to be complementary grass species, presenting growth asynchrony and an overlapping defoliation interval that optimised production, indicating that defoliation based on LS criterion is a suitable management for DPCS.
Grazing management practices on Waikato and Canterbury dairy farms diverging in bulk milk urea content
Authors: Glassey Chris , Woods Roshean , Reed Charlotte , Puriri Nauvoo , Scott Gavin , Hodgkinson Alison , Bryant Racheal
Published: November 2023

New Zealand dairy farmers have little realtime information on surplus nitrogen (N) in their herd’s diet to help manage farm-scale N loss. By understanding the influence of management on bulk milk urea (BMU), farmers could potentially use milk components to identify changes in dietary N surplus. Our study examined the relationships between grazing management and BMU concentration on 38 dairy farms selected for low or high BMU in Canterbury and Waikato. Measurements included pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, perennial ryegrass leaf stage at grazing, and botanical and chemical composition (crude protein (CP) and metabolisable energy (ME) content) of herbage on four occasions over a year. Herds with Low BMU tended to graze pastures with a greater pre-grazing herbage mass (+153 kg DM/ha), a more advanced leaf stage (+0.13 number of leaves), and longer grazing intervals (+11 days). Consistent with this, herbage on Low BMU farms had lower CP (-2.7%) compared with High BMU farms. We identified grazing management differences between Low and High BMU groups, which could be linked to reductions in N surplus in the herd’s diet through the lower CP% of pasture offered. Future work should determine the importance of this in relation to other farm management factors such assupplement and N fertiliser use.
Yield and persistence of legume monocultures grown in the Lees Valley, South Island High Country
Authors: Olykan Sonya , Mills Annamaria , Lucas Richard , Smith Malcolm , Moot Derrick
Published: November 2023

Six legume monocultures were established in the Lees Valley, North Canterbury (400 m a.s.l.), which has long cold winters. The stony soils have low pH, high aluminium concentration, and low water holding capacity, which can lead to severe summer soil moisturedeficits. The aim was to identify legumes that would survive and persist in this environment and, therefore, increase the available nitrogen in the pastoral system. Legume populations of 88±12 seedlings/m2 were established and ranged from 45 (sub clover) to 197seedlings/m2 (Caucasian clover). The highest yields were from ‘Pawera’ red clover at 2.5 and 2.9 t DM/ha in Years 2 and 3, ‘Demand’ white clover produced 1.7 and 2.6 t DM/ha, and ‘Endura’ Caucasian 1.8 and 1.7 t DM/ha. ‘Kaituna’ lucerne yields were low at 0.7 and 1.4 t DM/ha. Caucasian clover was the most persistent legume. A visual assessment in Year 5 found Caucasian was the only legume still dominating its plot (69%) with the lowest area of bare ground (11%). ‘Leura’ subterranean and ‘Bolta’ balansa annual clovers survived for four years but accumulated annual yields were low (<1.0 t DM/ha/yr), and the presence of unsown species was high (>50%). While red and white clover provided the highest yields for two years, Caucasian clover was the most persistent species and istherefore a legume recommended for this environment.
The impact of a forage plant breeder – the story of Herrick Sydney (Syd) Easton (1946 - 2023)
Authors: Caradus John , Hay John , Rolston Phil , Hume David , Faville Marty , Woodfield Derek
Published: November 2023

Herrick Sydney (Syd) Easton was a forage plant breeder for 46 years. He bred at least 11 forage cultivars, in ryegrass, tall fescue and lucerne that were successfully licensed and commercialised, and he was a key part of the team that developed the successful Epichloë fungal endophyte products ‘Endosafe’, AR1, AR37, and ‘MaxP’ (‘MaxQ’ in USA). Syd’s development of measurement techniques and documentation of genetic variation for potentially valuable novel traits has been detailed in 130 refereed and significant publications, and he was an inventor or co-inventor of 13 patents and/or Plant Variety Rights. Syd made an important contribution in the understanding of endophyte-ryegrass interactions. Through his innovation and leadership, he led the multi-disciplinary AgResearch endophyte research programme, coordinating and writing the first successful funding application that consolidated the team. Coming from a farming family Syd connected with farmers and understood the value of highly supportive farmers and agricultural professionals who were able to critique, understand the value of and use the technologies and knowledge delivered from the science research he was involved with. Like many others in the agricultural research profession, he gained immense satisfaction from seeing technologies resulting from his research being used on New Zealand farms.
Farm-level cost-effectiveness analysis of in-paddock feeding of methane inhibitors in pasture-based dairy
Authors: Marmont Benjamin , Dorner Zack , Silva-Villacorta David , Eastwood Callum , Minnee Elena , Neal Mark
Published: November 2023

Various approaches have been proposed to reduce methane emissions from ruminant livestock systems. While methane-inhibiting feed-additives are not yet commercially available in New Zealand, it has been reported that they can reduce enteric methane emissions by 30-90% when fed to ruminant livestock regularly and precisely in total mixed ration systems. This study aims to determine the primary economic performance drivers of using In-Paddock Smart-Feeders (IPSF) for delivering methane inhibitors in pasture-based dairy to understand the conditions in which they are viable. A farm-level financial model is developed, drawing on the Economic Farm Survey produced by DairyNZ. Both a scenario and sensitivity analysis are conducted on the cost-effectiveness of the approach for methane mitigation. The main finding is that the largest cost associated with the approach is the cost of additionalsupplement, which would acts as a carrier for the methane inhibitor. Therefore, the quantity of additional supplement used prior to adoption is a key determinant of viability. There is a large range in breakeven methane prices depending on the value of assumptionsused. More certainty in these assumptions is required to fully understand the potential use of IPSFs to deliver methane-inhibiting feed-additives in-paddock.
Deep insertion of lime into acid organic soils
Authors: Morton Jeff
Published: November 2023

Organic (peat) soils are inherently acid in their natural state with soil pH levels that decline from 4.5 – 5.0 in the surface layer of 0 – 75 mm to 4.0 - 4.5 at a depth of 400 mm. Traditionally lime has been surfaceapplied and incorporated into the lower soil layers bycultivation. An alternative method of inserting 3 - 4 t/ha of lime down to 400 mm soil depth was tested on a developing Waikato deep Moanatuatua Organic soil. When two-thirds of the lime was placed within the 300 - 400 mm layer and one-third within the 200 - 300 mm layer in summer 2021, soil pH in the 200 - 300 mm layer decreased from 5.6 in 2021 to 5.3 in 2023 and significantly increased from 4.2 to 4.9 in the 300 – 400 mm layer over the same time period. Reversing the ratio of the lime rate into the two layers resulted in asignificant increase in soil pH from 4.5 to 5.3 in the 200 – 300 mm layer and a non-significant increase from 4.2 to 4.6 in the 300 – 400 mm layer. Generally, there were corresponding decreases in soil exchangeable aluminium (Al) concentration in those layers. The ratioof lime insertion rate had no significant effect on rooting depth between years. There was a moderate correlation between soil pH and exchangeable Al when measured at depths of 0 – 400 mm. These interim results indicate that the deep insertion of lime into an acid Organic soil was effective in increasing soil pH and reducing soil Al concentration in the lower soil layers in the two years after the lime was inserted.
Implications of changing birth and slaughter dates of finishing sheep and beef cattle on greenhouse gas emissions
Authors: Stevens David , Rollo Mike D. , Vibart Ronaldo E. , Chrystal Jane , Speirs Brian , Davison Rob , Burtt Andrew
Published: November 2023

Significant variables in the calculation of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are estimates of birth date and slaughter date, as these alter the amount of time on-farm and hence feed used for animals destined for slaughter. Analysis of Beef + Lamb New Zealand Economic Service farm survey data calculated average birth and slaughter dates for both finishing sheep and beef cattle at a regional scale, from 1990-2019. Data were then used to calculate the potential GHG emissions related to lambs and slaughter cattle, and changes over time, and were compared to current national inventory calculations. There was no significant change in sheepmating date over the 30-year period, with a median lambing date of 10 September. Beef cattle mating date became later over the 30-year period. These resulted in calving dates of 20 September for the 1990-2000 period, and 25 September for the 2010-2019 period.The proportions of lambs slaughtered by February (early) or October (late), categories used by the National Inventory, have shifted from 84 and 16% respectively in 1990 to 78 and 22% recently. The ages at slaughter of 1–2-year-old heifers and steers were approximately 24 and 35 days younger in 2019 than in 1993 (528 vs 552 days of age at slaughter for heifers and 520 vs 555 days of age at slaughter for steers). The changing proportion of lambs slaughtered early and late had a small effect on total emissions. Later birth dates and earlier slaughter dates have reduced the individual emissions from 1–2-year-old cattle, but individual emissions from oldercattle and bulls have changed little over the 27-year period examined.
VISUAL REPRESENTATION ON CHILDREN BOOK BY ROALD DAHL’S CHARLIE AND THE CHOCOLATE FACTORY: SOCIAL SEMIOTIC STUDY
Authors: Widhianto Anom , Kurniawan Muhammad Hafiz
Published: November 2023

Visual image in the book is an important part of making a literary work especially in children picture book and the visual image were studied in social semiotic. This research aims to find the visual representation in children book Charlie and The Chocolate Factory written by Roald Dahl in 1964, as well as to identify the meaning by explaining social semiotic through visual representation in representational meaning, character manifestation, appearance and inter-circumstance by Painter. This study classified into qualitative research and types of data in this research classified into document of analyzing. While the steps collecting and analyzing data the researcher using social semiotic approach through multimodality by Bezemer and Jewitt: collecting and logging, viewing, sampling and transcribing the data. Then, for analyzed the data using visual representation (narrative representation, conceptual representation, and embedding) by Kress and Leeuwen also character manifestation, appearance, and inter-circumstance by Painter. This research used qualitative descriptive method in reporting the result of analysis in which description took the most important role in displaying the data analysis. The researcher found 43 of illustration images in the context of children book Charlie and The Chocolate Factory. The researchers found narrative representation (40), conceptual representation (3), embedding (images that contain narrative and conceptual representation) (4). Then, the researcher found appear (12), reappear (28), and 3 images are not counted because there is no character in the structure of character appearance. All of data or 43 images classified complete feature in the structure of character manifestation, and all of data classified into sustain degree in the structure of inter-circumstance. The result of this research is be able to explain the visual representation meaning, character manifestation, appearance, and inter-circumstance which found in children book Charlie and The Chocolate Factory.
Effects of kidney perfusion on renal stiffness and tissue fluidity measured with tomoelastography in an MRI-compatible ex vivo model
Authors: Castelein Johannes , Pamplona Carolina , Armstrong Junior Roberto , Vidal dos Santos Marina , Sack Ingolf , Dierckx Rudi , Moers Cyril , Borra Ronald
Published: November 2023

Stiffness plays a vital role in diagnosing renal fibrosis. However, perfusion influences renal stiffness in various chronic kidney diseases. Therefore, we aimed to characterize the effect of tissue perfusion on renal stiffness and tissue fluidity measured by tomoelastography based on multifrequency magnetic resonance elastography in an ex vivo model. Five porcine kidneys were perfused ex vivo in an MRI-compatible normothermic machine perfusion setup with adjusted blood pressure in the 50/10–160/120 mmHg range. Simultaneously, renal cortical and medullary stiffness and fluidity were obtained by tomoelastography. For the cortex, a statistically significant (p < 0.001) strong positive correlation was observed between both perfusion parameters (blood pressure and resulting flow) and stiffness (r = 0.95, 0.91), as well as fluidity (r = 0.96, 0.92). For the medulla, such significant (p < 0.001) correlations were solely observed between the perfusion parameters and stiffness (r = 0.88, 0.71). Our findings demonstrate a strong perfusion dependency of renal stiffness and fluidity in an ex vivo setup. Moreover, changes in perfusion are rapidly followed by changes in renal mechanical properties—highlighting the sensitivity of tomoelastography to fluid pressure and the potential need for correcting mechanics-derived imaging biomarkers when addressing solid structures in renal tissue.
Morphological analysis of posterior-medial intertrochanteric fracture patterns using fracture-mapping technique
Authors: Ren Hanru , Zhang Xu , Liang Yakun , Yi Chengqing , Li Dejian
Published: November 2023

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to analyze the fracture patterns of different posterior-medial wall types of intertrochanteric fractures by 3-D fracture-mapping technique and to further assess their clinical utility.

Methods: In a retrospective analysis of interochanteric fractures treated in a large trauma center, fractures were classified into predesigned groups based on 3D-CT imaging techniques, and a 3-D template of the intertrochanteric region was graphically superimposed on the fracture line. Fracture characteristics were then summarized based on fracture-mapping. Finally, radiographic parameters, function, and range of motion were recorded in different fracture classification states.

Results: A total of 348 intertrochanteric fractures were included. There were 111 patients (31.9%) in the posterolateral + posteromedial + medial group, with the most severe fracture displacement (typically characterized by fragmentation of the posteromedial wall into three isolated fragments). There were 102 cases (29.3%) in the posterolateral + posteromedial + simple medial group, and the most common fracture feature was a complete fragment posteromedially. A total of 81 cases (23.3%) were classified into the posterolateral + medial group, with the medial fracture line extending the anterior fracture line but leaving the lesser trochanter intact. In the isolated medial group of 33 cases (9.5%), the fracture type was similar to type IV, but the integrity of the greater trochanter was ensured. In the posteromedial + medial group of 12 cases (3.4%), the fracture was characterized by an interruption when the fracture line of the anterolateral wall extended to the posteromedial wall, often resulting in a complete isolated fragment posteromedially and medially. There were nine patients (2.6%) in the isolated posterolateral group. In addition, we found significantly different radiographic scores and range of motion scores between groups.

Discussion: This morphometric study helps us to further characterize posterior-medial fracture patterns of intertrochanteric fractures, which may be closely related to different clinical outcomes. Further studies are needed to verify the reliability of this classification scheme in clinical application.
Cu(II)@MXene based photothermal hydrogel with antioxidative and antibacterial properties for the infected wounds
Authors: Liu Mingxiang , Zheng Lei , Zha Kangkang , Yang Yayan , Hu Yunping , Chen Kai , Wang Feng , Zhang Kunyu , Liu Wei , Mi Bobin , Xiao Xiufeng , Feng Qian
Published: November 2023

The regeneration of skin tissue is often impeded by bacterial infection seriously. At the same time, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are often overexpressed in infected skin wounds, causing persistent inflammation that further hinders the skin repair process. All of these make the treatment of infected wounds is still a great challenge in clinic. In this study, we fabricate Cu(II)@MXene photothermal complex based on electrostatic self-assembly between Cu2+ and MXene, which are then introduced into a hyaluronic acid (HA) hydrogel to form an antibacterial dressing. The rapid adhesion, self-healing, and injectability of the dressing allows the hydrogel to be easily applied to different wound shapes and to provide long-term wound protection. More importantly, this easily prepared Cu(II)@MXene complex can act as a photothermal antibacterial barrier, ROS scavenger and angiogenesis promoter simultaneously to accelerate the healing rate of infected wounds. Our in vivo experiments strongly proved that the inflammatory condition, collagen deposition, vessel formation, and the final wound closure area were all improved by the application of Cu(II)@MXene photothermal hydrogel dressing.
HPLC for simultaneous quantification of free mannose and glucose concentrations in serum: use in detection of ovarian cancer
Authors: Chen Yulong , Yao Qin , Zhang Lijuan , Zeng Pengjiao
Published: November 2023

Background: Abnormal levels of monosaccharides in blood have been linked to tumorigenesis. In this study, a novel high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was established for the simultaneous determination of free mannose and glucose in the serum.

Methods: The serum was directly derivatized by 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone under alkaline conditions using L-rhamnose as an internal standard. The chromatographic separation was then performed on a Poroshell EC-C18 chromatographic column (4.6 × 100 mm, particle size 2.7 μm, Agilent) with gradient elution using NH4Ac-HAc and acetonitrile as the mobile phases. The method was thereafter validated according to international guidelines. The serum samples obtained from 200 healthy individuals and 200 ovarian cancer (OC) patients were analyzed for free mannose and glucose.

Results: The method was found to be reproducible for quantification within 20 min and included online sample purification. The method displayed excellent linearity in the concentration range (for mannose: 0.5–500 μg/mL; glucose: 0.5–1500 μg/mL). The precision, recovery, and stability met the FDA bioanalytical method validation acceptance criteria. Overall, the measurement of glucose content by HPLC correlated well with the different enzymatic methods. Ovarian cancer mannose levels in the serum were significantly higher in the advanced stage (61.22 μmol/L, p < 0.0001) than those in healthy volunteers and early-stage patients (44.51 μmol/L versus 50.09 μmol/L, p < 0.0001). The AUC for the ratio of serum free glucose to mannose (G/M) was 0.98 (p < 0.0001), with a sensitivity of 91.46% and a specificity of 98.50%, which served as a biomarker for OC diagnosis.

Conclusion: We report a simple, repeatable, and attractive analytical method by HPLC, which can be used for quantitative estimation of free mannose and glucose simultaneously in human serum. Our results indicate that the serum level of mannose could be used as a potential biomarker of ovarian cancer.