bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nuevo retrato de Calígula procedente de Córdoba.
Authors: Márquez Carlos
Published: October 2022

En este trabajo se analiza un retrato procedente de Córdoba y que hoy se expone en la Gliptoteca de Múnich; se trata de una cabeza mayor que el natural, de muy buena factura técnica y cuyas características nos indican que representó al emperador Calígula, aunque cuenta con algunos elementos fisiognómicos vinculables a su predecesor en el trono, Tiberio; la pieza lleva la corona cívica, lo que le otorga un carácter marcadamente ideal. Su origen debió de ser alguno de los recintos oficiales de la Córdoba romana hasta que tras el asesinato del emperador se llevó a un ámbito privado para evitar su destrucción.
Ἕλλην ἄνθρωπος. El concepto de heleno en Eunapio de Sardes.
Authors: Alviz Fernández Marco
Published: October 2022

: Este artículo tiene por objeto profundizar en la noción de heleno que poseía el sofista Eunapio de Sardes a través del análisis de los pasajes en los que aparece la voz Ἕλλην en sus obras. Como resultado, el Ἕλλην ἄνθρωπος eunapiano emerge dotado con caracteres propios imprimidos por la personalidad y experiencia vital del escritor que dejan su reflejo sobre el concepto en el ámbito sociológico, educativo, religioso-espiritual o filosófico y político.
ONTOLOGÍAS DUALES EN EL CAMPO DE CARTAGENA: AGRO-EXTRACTIVISMO Y AGRI-CULTURA. EL MAR MENOR EN DISPUTA.
Authors: Avilés Conesa A. David
Published: October 2022

En el año 2016, el Mar Menor sufrió un episodio de “eutrofización”: las aguas se tornaron de un color verde que no dejaba pasar luz solar impidiendo que las colonias vegetales realizasen la fotosíntesis, algo que produjo otro fenómeno de pérdida de oxígeno llamado “anoxia”, que ha ocasionado varios episodios de muerte masiva de vegetales y animales en la laguna. Las personas científicas señalan causas diversas de este colapso y refieren que en su mayor parte se produce por vertidos de nitratos procedentes de la producción agroindustrial, que desde la década de los años 90 del s.XX se ha generalizado en el Campo de Cartagena. Estos hechos ocurridos en el Mar Menor, la laguna salada más grande de Europa y un lugar especialmente significativo para la sociedad murciana, han ocasionado gran alarma social, produciendo resistencias en contra de las causas que apuntan al colapso ecológico y se organizan en grupos que integran gran parte de las sociedad murciana en resistencias a las instancias de la actividad agroindustrial en un conflicto que posee dimensiones múltiples. En este artículo nos referiremos a una sola de estas dimensiones, relacionada con la construcción del Mar Menor y su cuenca, que hace referencia a los procesos de construcción del territorio y las identidades, presentada como una dimensión ontológica que procede de diferentes lógicas dentro de sociedades modernas que entran en conflicto.
A Theory of Information Compression: When Judgments Are Costly
Authors: Watson Richard Thomas , Plangger Kirk , Pitt Leyland , Tiwana Amrit
Published: October 2022

A Theory of Information Compression: When Judgments Are Costly

How useful to tourists are thousands of reviews of different five-star hotels in a city on a travel website when the mean rating is 4.5, and all the five-star hotels score around the mean? How insightful are reviews of physicians on a physician review website to potential patients when the ratings cluster tightly around an average for all physicians? Are there costs to the physicians, the patients, and to society as a whole? When all the students at a university score “A” grades on most courses, are there consequences for the university, the students, and potential employers? This paper calls the “clustering around a mean” phenomenon “information compression” and the systems in which it occurs (e.g., universities, students, employers) “judgment networks.” When there is extensive information compression in a system, measures such as ratings or grades have little value for decision makers. When all five-star hotels in a city score an average of 4.5 does it really matter which one a traveler chooses? The paper introduces a way of measuring information compression. It also suggests ways for organizations to overcome the negative consequences of information compression for themselves and their various stakeholders.
Diagnostic Images of Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: A Rare, Autosomal Recessive Disorder
Authors: Cruz Fabia , Batista Diogo , Pereira Cátia , Durão Vera , Macedo Rita , Staats Richard , Pinto Paula , Bárbara Cristina
Published: October 2022

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a genetic lung disorder that is characterized by the accumulation of calcium phosphate deposits in the alveolar spaces of the lung. PAM is discovered incidentally on radiographs performed for other purposes, and the typical disease course is characterized by slowly progressive respiratory failure over decades. Treatment remains supportive. A 62-year-old woman presented in the emergency department with dyspnoea and fatigue. On physical examination she had crackles on pulmonary auscultation and digital clubbing. A CT scan of the chest showed multiple high-density areas throughout the lung parenchyma, suggesting the presence of alveolar microlithiasis. This CT finding is the typical radiological presentation of PAM, while the hallmark presentation is clinical–radiological dissociation.
Syphilis: The great imitator
Authors: Offen Elizabeth , Khurram Syed Ali , Jandu Manjinderpal
Published: October 2022

The rates of syphilis in the UK are rising. Syphilis is a bacterial sexually transmitted infection caused by Treponema pallidum. If left untreated, it can have serious health implications. Diagnosing syphilis remains a challenge due to its diverse spectrum of clinical presentations. Oral manifestations can present in the primary, secondary and tertiary stages of the disease. Therefore, dental professionals are well positioned to detect the signs. This article reviews the stages of the disease, its oral manifestations, and conditions that syphilis may mimic. A case report of a patient presenting in the primary stage of the disease is discussed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: Dental professionals should be able to identify the oral signs of syphilis because prompt referral in the early stages of disease can prevent long-term syphilitic complications.
Intentional replantation: An underused modality?
Authors: Umer Fahad , Motiwala Momina Anis , Jamal Shizrah
Published: October 2022

Intentional replantation is a method to salvage teeth, especially in cases where orthograde re-treatment or apical surgery cannot be performed because of anatomical constraints and limited access. Techniques of intentional replantation have evolved to enhance clinical outcomes. The purpose of this case series, together with a narrative literature review, is to emphasize its importance, indications, contraindications, associated risks, success, and consideration as a treatment option as an alternative to extraction.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: This article discusses the advantages, disadvantages, indications, contraindications and techniques for intential replantation.
In Vitro Preparation and Evaluation of Chitosan/Pluronic F-127 Hydrogel as a Local Delivery of Crude Extract of Phycocyanin for Treating Gingivitis
Authors:   Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand., Li Mingxing , Kamdenlek Patipat ,   Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand., Kuntanawat Panwong ,   School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand, Eawsakul Komgrit ,   School of Medicine, Walailak University, Nakhon-Si-Thammarat, 80160, Thailand, Porntaveetus Thantrira ,   Center of Excellence in Genomics and Precision Dentistry, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Osathanon Thanaphum ,   Dental Stem Cell Biology Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand, Manaspon Chawan ,   Biomedical Engineering Institute, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
Published: October 2022

Abstract The phycocyanin (PC) in the crude extract is one of the main active compounds that has significant anti-inflammatory properties and the potential to treat gingival inflammation, the common oral disease. This work reports the preparation and characterization of chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogels entrapping the crude extracts of PC from Arthrospira platensis (C005H and C005L) as a local drug delivery system aiming to prolong PC release for the treatment of gingivitis. The results showed that the total phenolic content (TPC) values of the crude extracts were in the range of 2 to 5 μg GAE/100g and presented above 85% inhibition in the protein denaturation test and over 65% using a lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition test. The hydrogels incorporating the crude extracts from C005H and C005L were perfectly prepared via the electrostatic interaction between chitosan and pluronic F-127 with very high encapsulation efficiency. The crude extracts of PC C005H and C005L were released over 70% from the loaded hydrogel within 6 hours under artificial saliva conditions. The anti-inflammatory activity of the released supernatant from the hydrogels after 6 hours was around 32-47% by LOX inhibition. The hydrogel vehicles and loaded-hydrogels did not show any cytotoxic effects against mouse fibroblast cell lines (L929) and human gingival fibroblast cells. Our current work shows that the crude extract PC-loaded chitosan/pluronic F-127 hydrogel is biocompatibility with human cells and shows prolonged crude extract release properties, suggesting it as an alternative treatment approach for gingivitis. Keywords: Phycocyanin, Gingivitis, Hydrogel, Chitosan, Pluronic F-127
Correlation between Skin Prick Test and Specific IgE of Local Mites Allergen in Atopic Dermatitis Patients: an Indonesian Study
Authors:   Researcher, Doctoral Program of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Anggraeni Sylvia ,   Researcher, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic    Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Umborowati Menul Ayu ,   Researcher, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic    Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, . Damayanti ,   Researcher, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic    Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Endaryanto Anang ,   Professor, Department of Pediatric, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, Prakoeswa Cita Rosita Sigit ,   Professor, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga/ Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia
Published: October 2022

Abstract There are two methods that can be used to detect the causative of allergen that trigger the occurrence of Atopic Dermatitis (AD): skin prick test (SPT) and specific IgE (sIgE). Indonesia has developed SPT using local allergens extract to be used as an allergen diagnostic tool. This study aims to determine the correlation between local SPT from Indonesia and sIgE of mites. As many as 45 subjects who met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. Skin prick test was evaluated twice, one week apart. The first SPT was done with standard SPT, and second SPT with local SPT. The sIgE examination was examined at the second week, after performing SPT with local allergen extracts. The subjects in this study were 18-60 years old and dominated by females (75.56%). The three diagnostic tools used in this study showed the same clinical relevance (68.89%). From the mites sIgE examination, it was found that Tyrophagus putrescentiae was the most common sensitized allergen found in positive mites SPT (57.78%). The results of this showed significant results (P <0.05) and moderate correlation (r = 0.40-0.69) between sIgE class and wheal diameter of local SPT on mites allergen. This study found that local SPT from Indonesia has good clinical relevance and positive correlation with other diagnostic tools that already exist, therefore can be considered as a diagnostic tool for determining the cause of atopic dermatitis in the future. Keywords: Atopic dermatitis, Skin prick test, Specific IgE, Human and disease.
Psychometric Properties of the Thai version of Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool among Caregivers who Providing Care for Dependent Elderly Persons
Authors:   Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand, Thana Kanjana , Kamp Kendra J. ,   School of Nursing, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195 United states, Chintanawat Rojanee ,   Faculty of Nursing, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200 Thailand
Published: October 2022

Abstract The Caregiver Reaction Assessment Tool (CRAT) is a multidimensional instrument designed to measure caregiver’s experience while caring for elderly people with chronic illnesses in western countries. It is important to quantify the CRAT in traditional Thai society using cross-cultural translation and validate the instrument in measuring Thai informal caregivers who are providing care for elderly people. This study involved the cross-cultural translation process of the scale into Thai and evaluation of its psychometric properties with 354 caregivers of dependent elderly persons in Northern Thailand. Data were collected via paper-pencil surveys between October 2021 and March 2022, also caregivers completed a demographic form. The forward–backward translation, followed by exploratory factor analysis. The content validity index was high (I-CVI range from 0.83-1.00 and S-CVI = 0.90). Three items in the CRAT-Thai version were deleted, the other 21 items appeared to have a similar structure as the original version with five essential subscales: impact on schedule, lack of family support, caregiver’s esteem, impact on finances, and impact on health, explained 62.77% of the variation with all factors loading greater than .40. The internal consistency reliabilities for the items belonging to each subscale were, respectively: 0.85, 0.83, 0.81, 0.81, and 0.83. The Thai version of CRAT presents good evidence of reliability and validity based on internal structure. The further testing with Thai informal caregivers in different region should be made before using in all clinical setting. Keywords: Dependent elderly persons, Caregivers, Psychometric testing, Caregiving reaction
Hyper-aeromobility: the drivers and dynamics of frequent flying
Authors: Cass Noel
Published: October 2022

Flying is the most climate-impacting form of individual consumption. This article interrogates the drivers and dynamics behind ever-increasing amounts of air travel ascribable to a minority, whose flying contributes an ever-larger proportion of travel-related energy consumption and carbon emissions. Moving beyond established work on (increases in) flying, it establishes the need to focus transport emissions reduction efforts on this relatively small number of elite, hyper-aeromobile travellers. After outlining existing literature on different aspects of flying and frequent flying, which are combined in referring to hyper-aeromobility, the article reviews the many diverse explanations for its drivers and dynamics arising from different disciplinary traditions. Treating flying and frequent flying as ‘consumption behaviour’ has tended to focus on individualised behavioural explanations, but understanding and tackling rising hyper-aeromobility involves grasping expanding systems of provision, and social and cultural positive feedback loops involving socialisation, habituation and internationalisation of social practices. Understanding these requires a multidisciplinary approach analogous to the ‘needs satisfier escalator’ model relating to increasing car use which has been proposed by Brand-Correa et al (2020). The article then provides data from qualitative research on high-energy-consuming households to provide backing for the particular relevance and importance of a subset of more sociological and structural drivers as contributing to the expansion of aeromobility and its concentration in a hyper-aeromobile elite. It concludes that the current reliance on voluntary behaviour change and different forms of financial disincentives is ineffective, whereas more radical structural change, restrictions and impositions of quotas are increasingly necessary.
Characterization and analysis of electrical crosstalk in a linear array of CMOS image sensors
Authors: Khabir Mehdi , Karami Mohammad Azim
Published: October 2022

In this paper, the influences of the depth and width of the oxide trench isolation between pixels, pixel epitaxial layer thickness for different impurity doping concentrations, and light exposure time on electrical crosstalk are characterized in an array of pinned photodiode CMOS image sensor pixels. The simulation results show that with a proper and simultaneous selection of epitaxial layer doping concentration and epitaxial layer thickness, the electrical crosstalk at long wavelengths can be reduced above 66%. The use of oxide trench isolation depth less than pixel p-well depth leads to an increase in electrical crosstalk of more than 12%. The effect of increasing light exposure time on increasing electrical crosstalk can be minimized by selecting proper epitaxial layer thicknesses.
Modeling and suppressing the wavefront degeneration in a CGH interferometric null test
Authors: Li Mingzhuo , Hu Haixiang , Zhang Xuejun , Lv Sida
Published: October 2022

The computer-generated hologram (CGH) enables the ultra-high accuracy of surface measurement but causes the wavefront degeneration in the optical system. In this article, we give a high-accuracy analytical simulation of the wavefront degeneration in null test by the elliptical Gaussian model. We propose an analytical expression of instrumental transfer function (ITF) for the CGH null test without knowing the phase distribution of CGH, which gives an efficient instruction to suppress the wavefront degeneration. The ITF of the interferometric null test for a ∅3m aspheric mirror can be optimized from 0 to 0.65 at 0.4 Nyquist frequency.
53 GBd PAM-4 fully-integrated silicon photonics transmitter with a hybrid flip-chip bonded laser
Authors: Yoo Sanghwa , Park Heuk , Lee Jyung Chan , Kang Eun Kyu , Huh Joon Young , Cho Gye Sul , Kang Haechung , Moon Dae Woong , Lee Jong Jin , Lee Joon Ki
Published: October 2022

We present a fully-integrated single-lane 53 GBd PAM-4 silicon photonics (SiPh) transmitter (Tx) with a flip-chip bonded laser diode (LD). The LD is butt-coupled to a Si edge coupler including a SiO2 suspended spot-size converter. The coupled power exceeds 10 dBm with a 1 dB allowable misalignment of 2.3 µm. The RF and eye performances of the Tx are evaluated. Extinction ratio >5 dB is obtained at 3.5 Vppd voltage swing. Aided by silicon capacitors, the Tx decouples parasitic inductances leading to remarkable improvements in the eye openings and transmitter dispersion eye closure quaternary by 1.16 dB. By implementing the fully-integrated Tx with driver packaging, we successfully demonstrate 106 Gb/s real-time operation satisfying KP4-FEC threshold at –5 dBm receiver sensitivity.
Measurements of phase distributions of optical vortices based on the sinusoidal phase modulation method
Authors: Pu Haosen , Sasaki Osami , Suzuki Takamasa , Choi Samuel
Published: October 2022

Vortex beams (VBs), a type of light beam with a spiral wavefront, have unique properties, such as the orbit angular momentum (OAM), and diverse applications in optical communications and optical trapping and tweezers. Therefore, accurate measurements and estimations of the phase distribution and topological charge are essential for their applications to ensure VB quality. In this paper, we employed a sinusoidal phase modulation (SPM) interferometry to measure the phase distributions of VBs and the topological charge of VBs were estimated by mean of a method of the process of unwrapped phase. The phase measurement of optical vortices generated by a spatial light modulator (SLM) demonstrated that the SPM interferometry-based technique had a high measurement accuracy with a simplified configuration. The estimation errors of the topological charges for various orders of VBs were within approximately 4%. The fluctuation in the surface of the SLM leading to the flatness of the wavefront was estimated to be 0.06 rad by 10 consecutive measurements
A novel approach for modelling and classifying sit-to-stand kinematics using inertial sensors
Authors: Wairagkar Maitreyee , Villeneuve Emma , King Rachel , Janko Balazs , Burnett Malcolm , Agarwal Veena , Kunkel Dorit , Ashburn Ann , Sherratt R. Simon , Holderbaum William , Harwin William S.
Published: October 2022

Sit-to-stand transitions are an important part of activities of daily living and play a key role in functional mobility in humans. The sit-to-stand movement is often affected in older adults due to frailty and in patients with motor impairments such as Parkinson’s disease leading to falls. Studying kinematics of sit-to-stand transitions can provide insight in assessment, monitoring and developing rehabilitation strategies for the affected populations. We propose a three-segment body model for estimating sit-to-stand kinematics using only two wearable inertial sensors, placed on the shank and back. Reducing the number of sensors to two instead of one per body segment facilitates monitoring and classifying movements over extended periods, making it more comfortable to wear while reducing the power requirements of sensors. We applied this model on 10 younger healthy adults (YH), 12 older healthy adults (OH) and 12 people with Parkinson’s disease (PwP). We have achieved this by incorporating unique sit-to-stand classification technique using unsupervised learning in the model based reconstruction of angular kinematics using extended Kalman filter. Our proposed model showed that it was possible to successfully estimate thigh kinematics despite not measuring the thigh motion with inertial sensor. We classified sit-to-stand transitions, sitting and standing states with the accuracies of 98.67%, 94.20% and 91.41% for YH, OH and PwP respectively. We have proposed a novel integrated approach of modelling and classification for estimating the body kinematics during sit-to-stand motion and successfully applied it on YH, OH and PwP groups.
CdTiO3-NPs incorporated TiO2 nanostructure photocatalyst for scavenger-free water splitting under visible radiation
Authors: Erfan Nehal A. , Mahmoud Mohamed S. , Kim Hak Yong , Barakat Nasser A. M.
Published: October 2022

Nanofibrous morphology and the doping technique can overcome the problem of electron/hole fast recombination and improve the activity of titanium oxide-based photocatalysts. In this study, nanoparticulate and nanofibrous forms of CdTiO3-incorporated TiO2 were synthesized with different cadmium contents; the morphology and composition were determined by SEM, TEM, EDX, and XRD techniques. The nanomorphology, cadmium content, and reaction temperature of Cd-doped TiO2 nanostructures were found to be strongly affect the hydrogen production rate. Nanofibrous morphology improves the rate of hydrogen evolution by around 10 folds over the rate for nanoparticles due to electron confinement in 0D nanostructures. The average rates of hydrogen production for samples of 0.5 wt.% Cd are 0.7 and 16.5 ml/gcat.min for nanoparticles and nanofibers, respectively. On the other hand, cadmium doping resulted in increasing the hydrogen production rate from 9.6 to 19.7 ml/gcat.min for pristine and Cd-doped (2 wt%) TiO2 nanofibers, respectively. May be the formation of type I heterostructures between the TiO2 matrix and CdTiO3 nanoparticles is the main reason for the observed enhancement of photocatalytic activity due to the strong suppressing of electron/holes recombination process. Consequently, the proposed photocatalyst could be exploited to produce hydrogen from scavenger-free solution. Varying reaction temperature suggests that hydrogen evolution over the proposed catalyst is incompatible with the Arrhenius equation. In particular, reaction temperature was found to have a negative influence on photocatalytic activity. This work shows the prospects for using CdTiO3 as a co-catalyst in photon-induced water splitting and indicates a substantial enhancement in the rate of hydrogen production upon using the proposed photocatalyst in nanofibrous morphology.
Analytical and clinical validation of a custom 15-gene next-generation sequencing panel for the evaluation of circulating tumor DNA mutations in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer
Authors: Chow Yock Ping , Zainul Abidin Norziha , Kow Ken Siong , Tho Lye Mun , Wong Chieh Lee
Published: October 2022

Background

This is a pilot proof-of-concept study to evaluate the utility of a custom 15-gene circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) panel as a potential companion molecular next-generation sequencing (NGS) assay for identifying somatic single nucleotide variants and indels in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. The custom panel covers the hotspot mutations in EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, ERBB2, MET, KIT, PDGFRA, ALK, ROS1, RET, NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3 genes which serve as biomarkers for guiding treatment decisions in NSCLC patients.

Method

The custom 15-gene ctDNA NGS panel was designed using ArcherDX Assay Designer. A total of 20 ng or 50 ng input ctDNA was used to construct the libraries. The analytical performance was evaluated using reference standards at different allellic frequencies (0.1%, 1%, 5% and parental). The clinical performance was evaluated using plasma samples collected from 10 treatment naïve advanced stage III or IV NSCLC patients who were tested for tissue EGFR mutations. The bioinformatics analysis was performed using the proprietary Archer Analysis Software.

Results

For the analytical validation, we achieved 100% sensitivity and specificity for the detection of known mutations in the reference standards. The limit of detection was 1% allelic frequency. Clinical validation showed that the clinical sensitivity and specificity of the assay for detecting EGFR mutation were 83.3% and 100% respectively. In addition, the NGS panel also detected other mutations of uncertain significance in 6 out of 10 patients.

Conclusion

This preliminary analysis showed that the custom 15-gene ctDNA NGS panel demonstrated good analytical and clinical performances for the EGFR mutation. Further studies incorporating the validation of other candidate gene mutations are warranted.
Establishing the criterion validity of self-report measures of adherence in hemodialysis through associations with clinical biomarkers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Sousa Helena , Ribeiro Oscar , Costa Elísio , Christensen Alan Jay , Figueiredo Daniela
Published: October 2022

Accurate measurement of adherence is crucial to rigorously evaluate interventions aimed at improving this outcome in patients undergoing in-center hemodialysis. Previous research has shown great variability in non-adherence rates between studies, mainly due to the use of different direct (e.g., clinical biomarkers) and indirect (e.g., questionnaires) measures. Although self-reported adherence in hemodialysis has been widely explored, it is still unclear which is the most accurate questionnaire to assess this outcome; therefore, the question of how to optimize adherence measurement in research and clinical practice has emerged as a key issue that needs to be addressed. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore the criterion validity of self-report measures of adherence in hemodialysis established through the association between test scores and clinical biomarkers (the criterion measure). The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (2021 CRD42021267550). The last search was performed on March 29th, 2022, on Web of Science (all databases included), Scopus, CINHAL, APA PsycInfo, and MEDLINE/PubMed. Twenty-nine primary studies were included, and thirty-eight associations were analyzed. The Hunter-Schmidt’s meta-analysis was computed for the associations with more than two studies (n = 20). The results showed that six associations were large (16%), 11 were medium (29%) and the remaining were of small strength. The test scores from the End-Stage Renal Disease Adherence Questionnaire (range: 0.212<rc <0.319) and the Dialysis Diet and Fluid Non-Adherence Questionnaire (range: 0.206<rc <0.359) had medium to large strength associations with interdialytic weight gain, serum phosphorus, and potassium levels, indicating that these questionnaires have reasonable concurrent criterion validity to measure fluid control and adherence to dietary restrictions in patients receiving hemodialysis. The available data did not allow exploring the criterion validity of the test scores in relation to hemodialysis attendance (skipping and/or shortening sessions). These results suggest that the decision to use one questionnaire over another must be made with caution, as researchers need to consider the characteristics of the sample and the objectives of the study. Given that direct and indirect methods have their advantages and disadvantages, the combination of adherence measures in hemodialysis is recommended to accurately assess this complex and multidimensional outcome.
It’s all fun and games until somebody dies: Permadeath appreciation as a function of grief and mortality salience
Authors: West Mckay Steven , Cohen Elizabeth L. , Banks Jaime , Goodboy Alan K.
Published: October 2022

Challenge is a key gratification sought in video games, and punishment by character death is often the repercussion for poor performance, requiring players to recover or restart. But some gamers go a step further and opt into games that feature permadeath: the permanent death of a game character with no opportunity to recover that character. These experiences may be emotionally taxing for players, but under some circumstances, they can enhance the meaningfulness of the play experience. Participants (N = 394) recruited from online gaming forums were randomly assigned to report on a past permadeath or temporary death gaming experience in order to help understand how the two forms of death experiences may differently impact affective responses, mortality salience and appreciation responses. Permadeath recollections were associated with increased appreciation, mediated by reported grief over the deaths. This indirect effect was stronger for those with stronger parasocial attachments to their characters and those with decreased tendencies to engage in trait meaning making. These findings hint that players less inclined to find meaning in everyday stressors could be more likely to derive meaning from their tragedies in game worlds.
Circular economy in fashion and textiles
Authors: Moorhouse Debbie
Published: October 2022

This second issue of the International Journal of Sustainable Fashion & Textiles (SFT) is presented as a themed issue on the circular economy relating to the fashion and textile industries. Now widely accepted that the largely current linear model of take–make–-dispose within the fashion and textile industry is no longer sustainable, brands and researchers are looking at innovative new ways of producing fashion and textile items which embrace circular economy principles. Extending the life of any product reduces the depletion of natural resources and consequently reduces the amount of waste produced contributing to a more sustainable society. After another overwhelming response to the call for papers for this themed issue on the circular economy, five research articles were decided to be published along with an industry interview by an independent sustainable designer as well as a book review on circular fashion.
Aspectos relevantes a considerar no dimensionamento de muros e taludes reforçados com geossintéticos
Authors: Lopes Maria de Lurdes
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho faz uma análise dos factores mais relevantes a considerar no dimensionamento de muros e taludes reforçados com geossintéticos. Após urna breve introdução aos diferentes tipos de sistemas de solo reforçado com geossintélicos, refere-se a constituição e os processos construtivos mais comuns de muros e taludes. A metodologia de dimensionamento por abordagem aos estados limites é mencionada e os procedimentos para a avaliação das propriedades dos materiais constituintes das estruturas são descritos. No caso dos geossintéticos realça-se a importância do polímero constituinte, da estrutura, do efeito do tempo e dos agentes de degradação no comportamento mecânico a curto e a longo prazo. Quanto à interacção solo-geossintético é dado particular ênfase à influência da estrutura do reforço e da dimensão dos grãos de solo. Como conclusões fundamentais refere-se a necessidade de o dimensionamento considerar um critério de deformação e a compatibilidade das deformações dos vários materiais intervenientes, bem como de avaliar a influência das condições de instalação, ambientais (internas e externas) e da fluência no comportamento mecânico dos geossintétícos.
Coeficiente de segurança de taludes com rotura progressiva
Authors: Maranha J. R. , Maranha das Neves E.
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho é descrito um método para o cálculo do coefic ie nte de segurança de taludes em materiais com amolecimento , tais como areias densas ou argilas sobreconsolidadas. É também analisado o fenómeno associado da localização da deformação, ilustrado por intermédio da modelação de um ensaio biaxial.
Correlação entre resultados de ensaios de estacas cravadas, SLT, DLT/SM e nega
Authors: Novais Ferreira H.
Published: October 2022

São referidas as razões do estudo, relacionadas com o custo e o tempo de ensaio e a conveniência de dispor de uma apreciação global das estacas cravadas numa obra. Apresenta-se a informação disponível da geologia local, das estacas ensaiadas e dos resultados de ensaios. Discutem-se os resultados da avaliação da capacidade de carga através de nega e procura-se identificar a população estatística dos resultados. Confirma-se a grande dispersão dos resultados da nega. Estabelecem-se as correlações entre os resultados dos ensaios estáticos de carga (SLT) e ensaio dinâmicos com ajustamento de sinal (DLT-SM) no que se refere à capacidade de carga e aos assentamentos. Discute-se a correlação entre as capacidades de carga estimadas pelo ensaio DLT-SM e pela fórmula de Hiley (DTu vs PTu). Apresentam-se três formas de ajustar a fórmula de Hiley às condições da obra, tendo presente que a dispersão de resultados será sempre grande. Sugere- se um a estratégia para ampliar o método de controlo de qualidade de estacas cravadas, e o conhecimento global da população.
As camadas e componentes minerais dos aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos e industriais
Authors: Pardo de Santayana Fernando
Published: October 2022

Apresentam-se, neste artigo, as camadas e componentes minerais das infra­estruturas de confinamento dos resíduos sólidos urbanos e industriais. Descrevem-se os tipos de solos que se podem utilizar e as diversas funções que as componentes minerais cumprem nos aterros de resíduos: camadas de fundação, diques perimetrais e de separação de células, barreiras minerais nos sistemas de revestimento, camadas de drenagem. filtros, camadas de cobertura, camadas de protecção a geossintéticos, etc. Apresentam-se os requisitos técnicos exigidos normalmente para a construção destas componentes, fazendo referência à legislação em vigor. Referem-se, também, as actividades de garantia da qualidade da construção que dizem respeito aos solos, destacando especialmente as relativas às camadas de solos argilosos compactados.
Comportamento sísmico de estruturas geotécnicas. Que lições foram apreendidas?
Authors: Sêco e Pinto Pedro
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho são tratados alguns tópicos relacionados com o comportamento sísmico das estruturas geotécnicas. Aborda-se a definição da acção sísmica. Faz-se referência à caracterização das propriedades dinâmicas dos terrenos. São analisadas as vantagens e as limitações dos modelos físicos. São descritos os modelos matemáticos, bem como a sua validação. São abordados os efeitos locais. São analisados a estabilidade dos taludes, a avaliação do potencial de liquefacção de solos, o comportamento das estruturas de suporte, a interacção solo-estrutura, a resposta dos aterros de resíduos sólidos e o comportamento das estruturas subterrâneas. Aborda-se a actual tendência para a elaboração de códigos unificados. Apresenta-se uma análise sumária do estudo de casos de obras geotécnicas. Faz-se referência aos registos dos sismos mais recentes. Analisam-se os danos provocados pelos sismos nas estruturas geotécnicas. Tecem-se considerações sobre os planos de emergência e o papel das autoridades. Abordam-se os impactes socio-económicos dos sismos. Tecem-se considerações sobre a educação em engenharia sísmica geotécnica. Faz-se referência ao papel dos centros de Informação Sísmica. Apontam-se alguns desenvolvimentos futuros. Apresenta-se uma síntese das conclusões.
Previsão dos deslocamentos do aterro sanitário de Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: De Azevedo Roberto Francisco , Duarte Azevedo Izabel Christina , Saraiva Loreto Alessandro , Gomes Guimaraes Adinele
Published: October 2022

0 presente artigo trata dos deslocamentos que ocorrem em resíduos sóidos urbanos (RSU) devidos a processos mecânicos. São apresentados resultados de ensaios de compressão confinada em amostras cilíndricas de RSU da cidade de Viçosa, com cerca de 100 cm de diâmetro e 175 cm de altura. Descreve-se a aparelhagem utilizada nos ensaios, bem como a determinação dos parâmetros de compressibilidade dos resíduos. Por fim, com estes parâmetros, e realizada uma estimativa dos deslocamentos que deverão ocorrer no aterro sanitário da cidade de Viçosa, usando-se o método dos elementos finitos.
Cortinas tipo Berlim definitivas ancoradas em solos argilosos: a questão da estabilidade vertical
Authors: Silva Cardoso António , Da Costa Guerra Nuno , Nunes Antão Armando , Matos Fernandes Manuel
Published: October 2022

A estabilidade vertical de cortinas tipo Berlim ancoradas é substancialmente dependente da complexidade da interacção entre as diferentes partes da estrutura (cortina, ancoragens e maciço suportado). O aprofundamento da compreensão de certos aspectos dessa questão é conseguido re-examinando o problema do equilíbrio vertical à luz das metodologias da análise limite, as quais conduzem a estimativas teoricamente consistentes da resistência mínima dos perfis metálicos necessária para evitar o colapso da escavação. São usadas diferentes vias alternativas e são deduzidas equações úteis para o estudo da questão em apreço. Os resultados obtidos com os métodos de análise limite são comparados com os da aplicação do método dos elementos finitos.
Acidentes e danos associados a obras subterrâneas
Authors: Ribeiro e Sousa Luís
Published: October 2022

Apesar da ocorrência de acidentes ou incidentes em obras subterrâneas não ser tão pouco frequente como em outras estruturas geotécnicas, a disseminação destes eventos não e comum dados os problemas legais envolvidos. Em geral, existe a tendência para minimizar a divulgação dos danos envolvidos e das causas que os originaram. Neste artigo, e feita uma revisão dos aspectos de segurança em estruturas subterrâneas, nomeadamente dos diferentes tipos de acidentes e as suas consequências. As causas principais de acidentes e outras deteriorações são descritas e classificadas. São apresentados casos de acidentes e incidentes ocorridos em projectos hidrelétricos subterrâneos, em tuneis de redes de transporte e de metropolitanos em meio urbano. Mencionam-se, ainda, aspectos relacionados com a interacção dos túneis urbanos com as infraestruturas existentes a superfície e no interior do próprio maciço e dos danos associados.
Os modelos de elementos discretos em geomecânica evolução e perspectivas futuras
Authors: Vieira de Lemos J.
Published: October 2022

O desenvolvimento dos modelos de elementos discretos, baseados em idealizações de meio descontinuo , tem permitido a abordagem de um conjunto alargado de problemas geomecânicos. Neste artigo, apresenta-se uma visão global do estado actual e das potencialidades destas técnicas de modelação numérica. Discutem-se, sumariamente, alguns dos principais tópicos de formulação e implementação que as caracterizam. Referem-se um conjunto de trabalhos recentes no âmbito da mecânica dos solos e da mecânica das rochas, incluindo problemas de fractura, que ilustram as capacidades presentes dos elementos discretos . Finalmente, analisam-se algumas linhas de evolução futura, quer numa perspectiva de investigação, quer no sentido da sua aplicação a problemas geotécnicos.
O Método Observacional e a sua aplicação ao Túnel de Penalva
Authors: Caldeira Laura , Muralha José
Published: October 2022

O método observacional constitui um processo continuo de projecto, de controlo de construção, de observação e de revisão capaz de permitir a incorporação de alterações previamente definidas e de atingir uma maior economia global sem comprometimento da segurança de uma obra. No presente trabalho, partindo da proposta original de Peck (1969), apresentam-se os conceitos básicos do método observacional e os pressupostos que a sua aplicação requer, nomeadamente, no que se refere aos limites de comportamento, modelo geomecânico, dimensionamento, piano de observação, critérios de alerta, alterações ao projecto e pianos de acções de contingência e de emergência. Descreve-se a aplicação desta metodologia ao Tune! de Penalva Trata-se de uma obra que se insere no Projecto da REFER de Travessia Norte-Sul, localizada na ligação do Fogueteiro a Setúbal, e que tem um comprimento de cerca de 770 m e uma secção de escavação de cerca de 116 m2.
Dos materiais rochosos à conservação da pedra. Entre a investigação e a prática.
Authors: Delgado Rodrigues J.
Published: October 2022

Apresentam-se algumas reflexões sobre o estudo de materiais rochosos, cotejando os âmbitos das obras geotécnicas e a temática da conservação da pedra.

Salientam-se os aspectos relativos à caracterização dos materiais e a previsão da durabilidade e equaciona-se o significado das superfícies arquitectónicas e as implicações quanto aos métodos e as exigências postas na sua conservação.
Avanço rápido de galerias
Authors: Gama C. Dinis
Published: October 2022

No presente trabalho é feita uma sistematização dos aspectos mais salientes que condicionam o avanço rápido de escavações mineiras. Analisados os factores determinantes desta tecnologia, enquadram-se os mesmos dentro das tendências actuais da.engenharia de minas.
Dispositivos de impermeabilização de barragens de enrocamento, e apreciação simultânea da protecção dos taludes
Authors: Mello Victor
Published: October 2022

São apreciados os trabalhos apresentados às Sessões Técnicas do assunto do título no Congresso Internacional de Grandes Barragens, Madrid 1973, e no Seminário Brasileiro de Grandes Barragens, Novembro 1973.  Entre as membranas impermeáveis de montante merece atenção especial a de concreto apoiada sobre barragem de enrocamento compactado. Apresenta-se, com referência ao caso da Barragem de Salto Osório, de núcleo argiloso inclinado, um resumo das principais considerações de projecto e de construção perante o emprego de material dos mais argilosos jamais empregados em barragens, temido como muito compressível porém fissurável por deformações significativamente diferenciadas das dos espaldares de enrocamento. Quanto ao núcleo argiloso, discutem-se especificações construtivas, equipamento de terraplenagem, e o controlo de qualidade. Quanto ao problema da secção da barragem, indica-se com referência a análises por elementos finitos, a grande vantagem do núcleo inclinado para montante para evitar que, na tendência a maiores recalques, fique suspenso nos filtros e enrocamentos contíguos, incorrendo em fenómenos de fissuramento por tracção e por fractura hidráulica. Discutem-se as propriedades da resistência à tracção e da flexibilidade das argilas compactadas, salientando-se que argilas de índice de Plasticidade muito alto não são plásticas na condição compactada. Finalmente discutem-se materiais de filtro e de transição, com vistas à auto-cicatrização de fissuras. Por último, no tocante à protecção do talude de montante resumem-se critérios modernos de cálculo de ondas de vento, e do dimensionamento do empedrado e das transições. Conclue-se com uma súmula de temas para discussão.
Elementos para uma história da construção de galerias
Authors: Nunes J. M.
Published: October 2022

Neste trabalho referem-se vários aspectos da tecnologia da construção de túneis em rocha. Apontam-se particularidades da construção das galerias de derivação provisória dos aproveitamentos hidroeléctricos de Picote, Miranda e Bemposta (Douro Internacional), dum túnel duma estrada em Picote, e das galerias de ataque ás obras subterrâneas de Bemposta.

Apresentam-se ainda observações à construção das galerias para as condutas forçadas da central de Bemposta, e das galerias de derivação de carga e de fuga do Távora, bem como o tratamento duma zona do túnel de acesso à central deste último aproveitamento, onde se deu um desmoronamento.

Faz-se ainda uma referência à condução dos trabalhos numa zona perturbada por uma falha na galeria de caminho de ferro da Régua (Douro).

Finalmente referem-se aspectos singulares da construção das centrais em caverna de Picote e Miranda (Douro Internacional).
Assentamentos admissíveis
Authors: Ferreira H. Novais
Published: October 2022

Os projectos de fundações devem atender, ou à interligação estrutura-solo, ou fixar deformações admissíveis para o solo de fundação. Este último critério é o geralmente seguido, mas impõe a definição das deformações a considerar e a fixação dos limites aceitáveis. O presente trabalho, constitui uma síntese dos conhecimentos apresentados na bibliografia sobre os tipos de assentamento e os valores admissíveis para os diversos tipos de construção, efectuando em cada caso uma apreciação do assunto.

São definidos os diversos tipos de assentamento (assentamento total, inclinação, assentamento diferencial e distorção) e a sua utilização para os diversos tipos de construção.  Refere-se a classificação de danos das construções: arquitecturais, funcionais e estruturais. Apresentam-se, de diversos autores, os quadros de maior interesse onde se sistematizam os limites aconselhados para os diversos tipos de deformação e os edifícios a que se adaptam para evitar danos.

Indicam-se também as correlações entre os diversos tipos de deformação.
Determinação da permeabilidade dos maciços rochosos anisotrópicos a partir de amostras integrais
Authors: Rocha Manuel , Franciss Fernando
Published: October 2022

É apresentado método que permite a caracterização da permeabilidade dos maciços rochosos como grandeza anisotrópica - isto é, a determinação do tensor permeabilidade - a partir da caracterização da fissuração do maciço pôr meio de amostras integrais.

Para isso, é estabelecida teoria que permite o cálculo do tensor permeabilidade a partir do conhecimento da atitude e da abertura das fissuras e, no caso de haver enchimentos, do coeficiente de permeabilidade destes. Estas grandezas são determinadas em amostras integrais, apoiando-se a referida teoria na hipótese de que as fissuras são contínuas e planas e com as mesmas características das secções das fissuras contidas nas amostras. A fim de ter em consideração desvios que se verifiquem em relação a esta hipótese são introduzidos factores de correcção, deduzidos a partir de resultados de ensaios de pressão in situ. Para a determinação do tensor permeabilidade num ponto dum maciço rochoso basta considerar uma só amostra integral, desde que seja representativa da fissuração.

São apresentados resultados de aplicação os quais levam a considerar o método como muito promissor.