bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Results of TPMT Activity Monitoring in Azathioprine-Treated Renal Allograft Recipients
Authors: THERVET ERIC , ANGLICHEAU DANY , TOLEDANO NATHALIE , HOULLIER ANNE-MARIE , NOEL LAURE-HÉLE[Combining Grave Accent]NE , KREIS HENRI , BEAUNE PHILIPPE , LEGENDRE CHRISTOPHE
Published: May 2021

Thiopurine methyltransferase (TPMT) is implicated in the metabolism of azathioprine. The consequences of differential TPMT activity induction by azathioprine on the long-term results after renal transplantation were investigated. The erythrocyte TPMT activity in 82 patients on days 0, 7, and 30 was prospectively evaluated. Because various patterns of TPMT activity variation were noted, the population was subsequently divided between inductors (n = 47) and noninductors (n = 35). Data regarding patient and graft survival and acute rejection episodes were collected. Renal allograft assessment was performed at 3 mo and 2 yr to evaluate the renal function and the histologic lesions on routine biopsies. Data regarding azathioprine-related toxicity also were collected. In a subgroup of patients (n = 19), azathioprine blood levels were determined at day 7 and day 30. The graft survival censoring death was statistically improved in TPMT inductor patients when compared with non-TPMT inductors (P < 0.05). Among TPMT inductors, an acute rejection episode was observed in 34% of the patients versus 69% among non-TPMT inductors (P = 0.002). At 3 mo, serum creatinine was significantly lower among TPMT inductors when compared with non-TPMT inductors (123.1 ± 7.6 and 161.4 ± 13.9 μmol/L, respectively; P = 0.01). On routine allograft biopsies at 2 yr (n = 61), grade 2 or 3 chronic lesions were present in 19% versus 25%, respectively (P = NS). At days 7 and 30, the azathioprine blood levels were higher among patients who experienced acute rejection (P < 0.02). TPMT activity induction was observed in 57% of renal transplant recipients who received azathioprine. This induction was associated with better graft outcome. The appropriate conversion from azathioprine, which is a pro-drug, into 6-mercaptopurine could explain both better graft outcome and TPMT induction. Assessing the ability of azathioprine metabolism at an individualized level before transplantation may allow a more accurate choice among the different immunosuppressive treatments.
Physiologic and Immunologic Hurdles to Xenotransplantation
Authors: SAMSTEIN BENJAMIN , PLATT JEFFREY L.
Published: May 2021

The major problem in the field of renal transplantation is currently the shortage of available kidneys. However, the use of animals as a source of kidneys, i.e., xenotransplantation, is increasingly being viewed as a potential solution to this problem. One preeminent hurdle to xenotransplantation is the immune response of the recipient against the graft; other hurdles include the physiologic limitations of the transplant, infection, and ethical considerations. This review summarizes what is currently known regarding the obstacles to xenotransplantation and some potential solutions to those problems.
Nicotinic Acid Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate
Authors: CHENG JINGFEI , YUSUFI AHAD N. K. , THOMPSON MICHAEL A. , CHINI EDUARDO N. , GRANDE JOSEPH P.
Published: May 2021

Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), a molecule derived from β-NADP, has been shown to trigger Ca2+ release from intracellular stores of invertebrate eggs and mammalian cell microsomes. NAADP-induced Ca2+ release occurs through a mechanism distinct from that of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate— or cyclic ADP-ribose—elicited Ca2+ release. This study investigated whether NAADP can be synthesized in rat kidney. Extracts from glomeruli, mesangial cells, and papilla have high NAADP synthetic capacities. Conversely, synthesis of NAADP in kidney cortex was almost undetectable. Furthermore, 9-cis-retinoic acid significantly up-regulated NAADP synthesis in mesangial cells. Authenticity of NAADP biosynthesis in glomeruli was affirmed by HPLC analysis. NAADP stimulated Ca2+ release from mesangial cell microsomes through a pathway distinct from that of inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate or cyclic ADP-ribose. NAADP-triggered Ca2+ release may play an important role in regulation of renal function.
Induction of Metalloproteinases by Glomerular Mesangial Cells Stimulated by Proteins of the Extracellular Matrix
Authors: MARTIN JOHN , EYNSTONE LISA , DAVIES MALCOLM , STEADMAN ROBERT
Published: May 2021

Human glomerular mesangial cells (HMC) are embedded in the mesangial matrix (MM) and control its turnover through a dynamic equilibrium between synthesis and degradation. Degradation is controlled by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), whose activity has been causally implicated in the progression of glomerular disease. In other systems, MMP secretion may be directly affected by exposure to specific matrix proteins. The present study, therefore, investigated the effect of different matrix components on the adherence of HMC and on their secretion and activation of the gelatinases MMP2 and MMP9. HMC adhered strongly (quantified using crystal violet staining) to collagen IV and collagen I (P < 0.01, relative to binding to control, bovine serum albumin (BSA)-coated wells) and to a lesser extent to gelatin IV and fibronectin (P < 0.05). Binding to vitronectin and laminin was not statistically different to control wells. After the addition of these matrix proteins (0.1 μg/ml to 100 μg/ml) to growth-arrested HMC for 72 h, zymography of the conditioned medium established that only fibronectin and collagens I and IV dose-dependently increased latent (72 kD) MMP2 secretion and activation. Fibronectin, however, also induced the secretion of MMP9. Membranes from HMC that had been co-cultured with fibronectin for 72 h were prepared to investigate whether the activation of MMP2 in this system was due to the action of membrane-type (MT)-MMP. When incubated with latent MMP2 for times up to 24 h, these membranes activated the enzyme in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results demonstrate that specific matrix components increased the secretion of MMP2 and MMP9 from HMC. In addition, MT-MMP activity, selectively induced by fibronectin, was implicated in the activation of the secreted proteinases.
Whole-genome sequencing of two human rhinovirus A types - A15 and A101 v1
Authors: Luka Martha , Kamau Everlyn , R. de Laurent Zaydah , Mwita Morobe John , K. Alii Leonard , Agoti Charles , James Nokes D.
Published: May 2021

Genome sequencing of pathogenic viruses has become an established tool for studying transmission, evolution and drug/vaccine design. Viral genome sequencing can either take up a targeted/enrichment approach or an agnostic/metagenomics approach. A standardised enrichment protocol for the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of human rhinovirus (HRV) remains a challenge due to high viral genetic diversity. We present a type-specific WGS approach for two types - A15 and A101 using the Illumina Miseq. Our protocol comprises of:- Primer design Polymerase Chain Reaction Library preparation/ sequencing
VIII Simposio Iberoamericano de Historia de la cartografía 2020 (SIAHC)
Authors: Vallina Rodríguez Alejandro , Camarero Bullón Concepción , García Juan Laura
Published: May 2021

El Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC), con la colaboración del Grupo de Investigación en Estudios de Historia de la Cartografía de la Universidad de Barcelona y la Casa Amèrica-Catalunya, organizó, el pasado mes de octubre de 2020, el 8º Simposio Iberoamericano de Historia de la Cartografía (SIAHC). Para la celebración del SIAHC en Barcelona se propuso un programa científico-técnico presencial, a desarrollarse entre el 22 y el 24 de abril de 2020 en la Sede del ICGC del Parc de Montjuïc. Debido a la incidencia mundial del COVID-19, se traspasó, con un formato virtual, a los días 21 y 22 de octubre de 2020. Con los mapas como elementos de conexión cultural entre América y Europa, el Simposio se propuso abordar la rica y amplia historia de la cartografía iberoamericana, entendiendo el mapa como el nexo entre ambos continentes. Entre las múltiples manifestaciones de la disciplina cartográfica, en este evento tuvieron un lugar preeminente los análisis, las interpretaciones y la aplicación actual en la investigación y la docencia de los mapas coloniales, los mapas de las expediciones científicas o los mapas de los territorios independientes.
Structure and QP–QS Relations in the Seattle and Tualatin Basins from Converted Seismic Phases
Authors: Stone Ian , Wirth Erin A. , Frankel Arthur D.
Published: May 2021

We use converted body-wave phases from local earthquakes to constrain depth to basement and average attenuation relations for the Seattle basin in Washington and the Tualatin basin in Oregon. P-, P-to-S-(Ps), S-to-P-(Sp), and S-wave arrivals are present in three-component recordings of magnitude 2.5–4.0 earthquakes at seismic stations located in these basins. Based on their relative travel times, these phases are attributed to body-wave conversions at the basement-to-basin contact or to high-impedance interfaces within the basins. Depth to basement values are calculated using the differential travel times between direct and converted phases, as well as average P- and S-wave velocity values. We also identify a high-impedance layer in the Tualatin basin that likely represents a laterally extensive deposit of volcanic materials embedded between the basement contact and the Columbia River Basalt Group. In addition, the average QP–QS attenuation relation is calculated for each station by taking the spectral ratio of converted phases to their parent body-wave arrivals. For the Seattle basin, our analysis yields an average QP value of 73 and an average QS value of 60 for seismic waves with frequencies between 2 and 25 Hz. In the Tualatin basin, a much reduced QP–QS relation suggests that average body-wave attenuation is likely higher than in the Seattle basin. The converted phase techniques presented here provide a reliable way to develop estimates of basin depth and attenuation structure for undercharacterized regions using simple passive source seismic records.
The Extended Integrated Particle Filter Method (IPFx) as a High-Performance Earthquake Early Warning System
Authors: Yamada Masumi , Tamaribuchi Koji , Wu Stephen
Published: May 2021

An earthquake early warning (EEW) system rapidly analyzes seismic data to report the occurrence of an earthquake before strong shaking is felt at a site. In Japan, the integrated particle filter (IPF) method, a new source-estimation algorithm, was recently incorporated into the EEW system to improve the source-estimation accuracy during active seismicity. The problem of the current IPF method is that it uses the trigger information computed at each station in a specific format as the input and is therefore applicable to only limited seismic networks. This study proposes the extended IPF (IPFx) method to deal with continuous waveforms and merge all Japanese real-time seismic networks into a single framework. The new source determination algorithm processes seismic waveforms in two stages. The first stage (single-station processing) extracts trigger and amplitude information from continuous waveforms. The second stage (network processing) accumulates information from multiple stations and estimates the location and magnitude of ongoing earthquakes based on Bayesian inference. In 10 months of continuous online experiments, the IPFx method showed good performance in detecting earthquakes with maximum seismic intensity ≥3 in the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) catalog. By merging multiple seismic networks into a single EEW system, the warning time of the current EEW system can be improved further. The IPFx method provides accurate shaking estimation even at the beginning of event detection and achieves seismic intensity error <0.25  s after detecting an event. This method correctly avoided two major false alarms on 5 January 2018 and 30 July 2020. The IPFx method offers the potential of expanding the JMA IPF method to global seismic networks.
Hepatitis C Virus Epidemiology in Yemen: Systematic Review
Authors: ALMAHBASHI Amtalsaboor
Published: May 2021

Aim: To identify and well-characterize the prevalence of hepatitis c virus infection in different populations in Yemen. Also, to determine the future epidemiological study areas in Yemen.

Methods: A systematic review was conducted with the use of the PRISMA guidelines. Between 1980 to 2020, a comprehensive search was done for any epidemiological data on hepatitis C in Yemen that were conducted in each PubMed, web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar.

Results: Forty-nine (49) studies were matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria from the four databases. After analyzing these 49 studies we found that In the general group of the population the prevalence was ranged between 0.07%-8.5%. Where the highest prevalence was in pregnant women (up to 8.5%) then the public (up to 6%) then blood donors and children up to 3% and 2.8% respectively. In the intermediate-risk group, HCV prevalence was ranged between 1.03%-3.5% where all population was from the health department workers. In the high-risk group, the range was between 6.4%-62.7%, and the highest prevalence was recorded in liver disease patients .in the patient's group the range of HCV prevalence was between 0%-46%, while the sickle cell anemia patients were the lowest prevalence the chronic renal failure patients had the highest prevalence.

Conclusion: This systemic review demonstrates a high prevalence of hepatitis C infection in Yemen. There is also a need to expand the scope of research and pay attention to new research groups and other cities to get a more comprehensive idea of the prevalence of the hepatitis C virus in Yemen.
The Impact of Social Public Opinion towards Public Administration Reform – Case study in Ninh Kien District, Can Tho City
Authors: Nguyen Van Tron , Vo Huynh Van , Tran Van Trung
Published: May 2021

The study was conducted to analyze the impact of social opinion towards public administration reform in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city. The research data was collected by questionnaire method for 170 people involved in handling administrative procedures at the ward level and relevant organizational units in Ninh Kieu district, Can Tho city. Descriptive statistical methods is mainly used in study to analyze people’s perception about social opinion factors affecting public administration reform activities. The research results identified that local perception’s people habe a good understanding of public administration reform, so, it is necessary to supplement procedures, well organize the implementation of procedures, as well as regular and serious inspection. It is possible to promote their own strength to contribute to building a democratic, clean, strong, professional administration and effective operation to serve the citizen. On that basis, the study proposesd several solutions to contribute to further improving the efficiency of the public administration reform in Ninh Kieu district. The analysis from this study, although the sample number is not comprehensive enough in a wide territory, is expected to be the basis for a deeper and broader analysis of the public administration reform based on quantitative analysis of impact factor.
Building speed strength evaluation criteria for female Pencak silat athletes aged 14-15 in Tuyen Quang province
Authors: Tran Anh Dung
Published: May 2021

On the basis of theoretical and practical research from the investigation of speed strength evaluation criteria for female athletes (athletes) Pencak silat aged 14-15 in Tuyen Quang province. We conduct research and application to build speed strength evaluation criteria for female Pencak silat athletes aged 14-15 in Tuyen Quang province to contribute to the formation of a system of strength evaluation standards. The speed for female athletes Pencak silat in Tuyen Quang province in general and Pencak silat athletes aged 14-15 in particular is consistent with the training characteristics of Tuyen Quang province. We have researched and selected 6 reliable and informative tests on research subjects and built 2 classification tables and 2 standard scoreboards to evaluate speed strength for women. (Athlete) Pencak silat aged 14-15, the youth team of Tuyen Quang province.
Tuberculous Meningitis with dengue – A rare case
Authors: Shetti Akshaya N , Ahiwale Prashant
Published: May 2021

A 23-year male patient came to Rural Tertiary Care Hospital with complaints of fever, difficulty in talking, disorientation and neck stiffness and was diagnosed with Dengue. When Dengue antibody testing was done, IgM was positive while IgG and NS1 being negative. We report an evaluation of an IgM seropositive case for dengue who showed neurological manifestation whose MRI Brain suggested Meningitis. CSF examination suggested Tuberculous Meningitis in the course of the infection. The patient responded to medications during hospitalisation, was discharged in a haemodynamically stable condition and was advised to continue with antitubercular treatment and tapering dose of oral steroids. Hence one should not avoid considering a Cerebrospinal fluid examination especially of patients belonging to Dengue endemic areas.
Implementation of steroidal passport: Experiences of Indian laboratory
Authors: Vandana  , Jamal Haseen , Jain Shila
Published: May 2021

The Athlete Biological Passport (ABP) is an indirect approach which provides a complementary and more sophisticated strategy to traditional analytical testing in an effort to scientifically gather evidence of possible doping in sport. The ABP is one tool in a kit of intelligent anti-doping practices meant to deter and detect the use of prohibited substances in sport. In 2013, the WADA Athlete Biological Passport Guidelines introduced a second module, the Steroidal Module, which became operational since January 1, 2014. The Steroidal Module monitors an athlete’s steroidal variables over time that may be indicative of steroid abuse. This paper summarized the details of samples requested for confirmation on GC/C/IRMS in year 2015 & 2016 to understand the pattern of generation of Atypical Passport Finding Confirmation Procedure Request (ATPF-CPR). Interestingly, out of total 26 cases of ATPF-CPR received by NDTL, three samples with normal steroid profile showed exogenous origin of endogenous steroids on GC/C/IRMS analysis, which proves the effectiveness of Steroidal Module. In this context, monitoring of steroid passport through steroidal module represents the new paradigm in detection of exogenous origin of endogenous steroids.
Research Insights: Indirect Strategies Might Be a Better Way to Address Data Privacy Issues
Authors: Martínez Villarreal Déborah , Parilli Cristina , Rojas Méndez Ana María , Scartascini Carlos , Simpser Alberto
Published: May 2021

Willingness to download health applications could be increased by addressing data privacy concerns indirectly. In Mexico, a survey experiment explored different priming prompts and their effect on willingness to download a diagnostic and tracing app. The survey experiment revealed that mentioning government efforts on data privacy can backfire. Surprisingly, reminding people of social media's usefulness did not affect people's willingness to download the app.
Prognose de falhas em um reator do reator tubular com escoamento pistonado utilizando sistemas imunológicos artificiais
Authors: Chavarette Fabio Roberto , Outa Roberto , Gonçalves Aparecido Carlos
Published: May 2021

A indústria 4.0 utiliza princípios de novas tecnologias para obter resultados de melhor qualidade e produtividade, o qual a computação inteligente é uma delas. Neste trabalho é proposto uma metodologia inteligente em que o sistema imunológico artificial separa o sinal em grupamentos e determina a classificação baseado em prognose de falhas pelo grau de severidade de um reator tubular com escoamento pistonado. O processo é desenvolvido da seguinte forma: basicamente, após a obtenção dos sinais de vibração do reator através de um modelo numérico, é utilizada a transformada rápida de Fourier para transformar os sinais no domínio da frequência. Posteriormente, um sistema imunológico artificial de seleção negativa realiza o diagnóstico, identificando e classificando as falhas. A motivação da aplicação desta metodologia é o processo de fiscalização de estruturas, a fim de identificar e caracterizar as falhas, bem como tomar decisões visando evitar acidentes ou desastres. Os resultados demonstram a robustez e precisão da metodologia para a aplicação proposta.
Ladrilho hidráulico para pavimentação de calçada: estudo do traço e da espessura da camada superficial
Authors: Antunes Elaine Guglielmi Pavei , Santos Alessandro Gomes dos
Published: May 2021

Os ladrilhos hidráulicos são pisos de concreto utilizados para pavimentação de calçadas, composta por duas ou mais camadas, produzidos com aglomerante hidráulico e agregados. O objetivo deste trabalho, busca, analisar a influência do traço e da camada superficial no desempenho das peças produzidas, através de ensaios solicitados pelas normas vigentes. Os agregados utilizados na mistura foram submetidos a ensaio de teor de umidade e granulometria. O aglomerante utilizado tratou-se do cimento Portland de alta resistência inicial. A produção dos ladrilhos foi realizada com a utilização de formas com medidas previamente definidas e utilização de mesa vibratória para moldagem. Neste estudo foi analisado a variação do traço e espessura da camada superficial de ladrilhos hidráulicos, sendo elas, submetidas a ensaios de módulo de flexão, analise dimensional e desgaste por abrasão, seguindo respectivamente a NBR 9457:2013, NBR 13818:1997 e NBR 9781:2013. Os ladrilhos hidráulicos produzidos, obtiveram um desempenho satisfatório e esperado em relação ao desgaste por abrasão, com resultados dentro das recomendações normativas. Quando solicitados ao ensaio de flexão, não houve relação dos resultados conforme as variações de produção realizadas, obtendo desempenho insatisfatório e abaixo dos requisitos recomendado pela NBR 9457:2013.
Verification of timber carriers speed models movement depending on natural and production factors
Authors:   Lesosibirsk Branch of Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology, Mokhirev A.P. , Rukomojnikov K.P. ,   Volga State University of Technology, Mazurkin P.M. ,   Volga State University of Technology, Bragina N.A. ,   Lesosibirsk Branch of Reshetnev Siberian State University of Science and Technology
Published: May 2021

One of the key production parameters of the forest transport process is the speed of movement of timber carriers when removing wood from the upper warehouse. This speed determines the maximum possible volume of prepared and exported wood. Many natural and industrial factors affect the speed of a timber truck. The speed of transport depends on the traffic conditions on the roads, which are significantly complicated by adverse weather events. Scientists have identified laws in changing the speed modes of moving vehicles based on practical observations of individual road sections. To identify the dependence of the speed of a logging truck on 31 factors under consideration, 162 observations were made on measurements of the speed of logging trucks in various natural and industrial conditions. Mathematical models have been developed for calculating the speed of a logging vehicle, taking into account natural and industrial factors. Verification of the obtained nonlinear and wave regression models is the goal of this article. To verify the models, an additional experiment was carried out to compare the calculated models of speed modes of timber carriers with the actual ones. During the experiment, we used data on the speed of a logging truck when transporting wood from the upper warehouse in the cutting area to the raw material warehouse of a wood processing enterprise on the territory of the Yenisei forest district of the Krasnoyarsk territory. The logging road was divided into six sections, each of which was divided into elementary sections by slopes. At each section, the parameters that affect the speed of the timber carrier were determined using previously identified multi-factor equations, and the estimated time of cargo delivery by the timber carrier to the destination was obtained. Comparing the actual travel time with the calculated one based on previously identified equations for a timber truck with cargo on the way from the upper warehouse to the point of wood delivery, it was found that the estimated time of cargo delivery coincides with the actual one with an error of 7 %, and this is an acceptable norm(less than 30 %) for technological processes. Thus, the obtained results of testing multi-factor models can be considered reliable.
Moisture distribution over tree trunk cross-section in bilberry spruce forests
Authors:   N.P. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Feklistov P.A. , Gryazkin A.V. ,   S.M. Kirov Saint-Petersburg State Forestry University, Bolotov I.N. ,   N.P. Laverov Federal Center for Integrated Arctic Research of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tyukavina O.N. ,   Northern (Arctic) Federal University named after M.V. Lomonosov
Published: May 2021

The article considers the change in the moisture content in the wood along the cross-section of spruce trunks, it also analyzes the influence of the trees age and the diameter of the trunk on the wood moisture content. The research was carried out in the Arkhangelsk Forestry in the bilberry spruce forests of different age classes (from IV to VIII). 10 trial plots were laid in clear stands or with a small mixture of birch and pine. To study the moisture content of spruce trunks, 15 sample trees (150 in total) were selected for each trial plot. The wood moisture content was determined on cores sequentially divided into 5-millimeter segments. Wood samples were weighed on a VT-500 torsion balance and dried in a drying cabinet at a temperature of 105 °C to a completely dry state. The relative moisture of wood was calculated. As a result of the conducted studies, the moisture of sapwood (from 44,8 to 45,9 %) and heartwood (from 32,2 to 36,1 %) was established. Two models of changes in the amount of water at different distances from the cambium were identified. The majority of trees (78–98 %) are characterized by a well-defined water supply zone, the moisture content of which is maximum at a distance of up to 25 mm from the cambium, after which it decreases sharply. The water supply zone is represented by approximately 40...50 outer annual rings. The second model is characterized by a gradual decrease in wood moisture along the radius from the periphery to the center of the trunk. Such a model of changes in the moisture content of wood in the cross-section of the trunk is rare, mainly in young trees. As the trunk diameter increases, the moisture content of sapwood decreases. There was no significant difference in the sapwood moisture of spruce trunks of different age classes. The sapwood moisture decreases from the root neck to 1.5 m in height of the trunk, varying from 52...53 % to 49,0...49,5 %.
Ochrona prawna podatnika podlegającego kontroli podatkowej w świetle przepisów prawa francuskiego
Authors: Budzikowski Adam
Published: May 2021

Niniejszy artykuł jest krótkim przedstawieniem oraz omówieniem gwarancji prawnych, jakie przysługują podatnikowi we Francji w wypadku prowadzonej kontroli podatkowej w świetle obowiązujących tam przepisów, doktryny oraz orzecznictwa. We Francji oraz w Polsce, czynności kontrolne podejmowane przez organy podatkowe wzbudzają w społeczeństwie wiele obaw, które wynikają przede wszystkim z braku znajomości przepisów lub niejasnej regulacji prawnej. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zatem zachęcenie do podjęcia refleksji nad istotą omawianych instytucji prawnych.
Możliwości oddziaływania władz samorządowych na wydajność wybranych kategorii źródeł dochodów własnych na przykładzie gmin w Polsce
Authors: Felis Paweł
Published: May 2021

Istniejący w Polsce system zasilania samorządu terytorialnego wymaga zmian, w zakresie dochodów podatkowych zmiany powinny dotyczyć systemu podatków od nieruchomości. Potencjalnym źródłem dodatkowych znacznych dochodów gmin powinien być zreformowany podatek od nieruchomości. Celem artykułu jest zbadanie możliwości wpływania przez gminy na wielkości dochodów z nieruchomości stanowiących własność innych podmiotów. Przeprowadzone analizy dotyczące roli i miejsca podatków od nieruchomości w systemie dochodów polskich gmin, a także wykorzystania narzędzi władztwa podatkowego dowiodły, że władze lokalne w niewielkim stopniu mogą kształtować konstrukcje podatków od nieruchomości do oddziaływania na wielkość ich wpływów oraz przebieg procesów społeczno-gospodarczych.
Ulgi uznaniowe w latach 1946–1997
Authors: Szadkowska Anna
Published: May 2021

Artykuł podejmuje problematykę analizy historycznej ulg uznaniowych w latach 1946–1997. Autorka odnosi się do charakteru prawnego instytucji ulg związanych z uznaniem administracyjnym, w tym przesłanek ich udzielenia oraz wpływu ówczesnej polityki i praktyki podatkowej na formę prawną omawianych instytucji. Celem opracowania jest kompleksowa analiza przyczyn, które doprowadziły badane konstrukcje prawne do współczesnego kształtu.
Elastyczność międzynarodowych standardów sprawozdawczości finansowej
Authors: Olczak Rafał
Published: May 2021

Dążąc do osiągnięcia najwyższej jakości informacji finansowej, dostarczającej obecnym i potencjalnym inwestorom oraz wierzycielom jednostki sprawozdawczej użytecznej bazy do podejmowania decyzji gospodarczych, Rada Międzynarodowych Standardów Rachunkowości pozostawiła w treści MSSF obszary elastyczności, pozwalające na dostosowanie sposobu przygotowania sprawozdania finansowego do indywidualnej specyfiki konkretnej jednostki. Do obszarów tych zalicza się możliwość indywidualnego kształtowania polityki rachunkowości, stosowanie wartości szacunkowych oraz inne decyzje o charakterze nieszacunkowym (ang. judgments). Bez wątpienia, całkowita rezygnacja z elastyczności regulacji rządzących sprawozdawczością finansową ograniczyłaby w znacznym stopniu możliwość prezentacji wiernego i rzetelnego obrazu spółki, jednak z drugiej strony pewna swoboda pozostawiona kierownictwu jednostki może stać się obszarem potencjalnych nadużyć.
Avaliação Pós Ocupação com Ênfase no Conforto Térmico: O Conjunto Habitacional de Oscar Niemeyer no Departamento Tecnológico Aeroespacial
Authors: Carneiro Marton Silva Leandra , De Andrade Roméro Marcelo , Elhage Ramis Jacqueline
Published: May 2021

A presente pesquisa aborda a temática da qualidade do ambiente construído com ênfase na componente térmica e, promove a discussão acerca da importância das questões de conforto no ambiente construído residencial. Para tal, adota-se como objeto deste estudo um exemplar da arquitetura moderna, o bloco habitacional H-17, obra de Oscar Niemeyer, localizado no complexo edificado do campus do Departamento Tecnológico Aeroespacial (DCTA) em São José dos Campos/SP. Assim, a partir da proposição de adequar o conforto e a inércia térmica para a Zona Bioclimática 3 e a fim de orientar recomendações à futuras pesquisas na área da Avaliação Pós Ocupação (APO), ou possíveis intervenções no estudo de caso. Para tal foram desenvolvidos questionário, entrevistas e simulação do desempenho térmico da edificação usando o programa Energy Plus, cujas etapas foram o levantamento de dados e normativas; a aplicação da APO; e a avaliação comportamental e física. Os resultados indicaram um elevado grau de satisfação dos usuários, com insatisfações pontuais, descartando recomendações para futuras intervenções. Contudo a partir da simulação do projeto original constatou-se condições de conforto térmico distantes da Zona de Conforto.
Enseñar filosofía a través del cine: un panorama bibliográfico
Authors: Zavala Lauro
Published: May 2021

En esta revisión bibliográfica de carácter panorámico sobre cine y filosofía, se observa una distinción notable entre la filosofía continental y la filosofía analítica. En la tradición continental, numerosos pensadores contemporáneos han dedicado sus más recientes estudios a pensar el cine, especialmente después del trabajo seminal de Gilles Deleuze. Por otra parte, en la tradición analítica existe una corriente de pensamiento filosófico con vocación pedagógica ―en concordancia con la vocación pedagógica del cine mismo―, desde la cual se estudian películas, directores y géneros como herramientas para la enseñanza de lógica, estética, ética, bioética, ética médica, ética ambiental y política. Desde esta perspectiva, se pretende aprender filosofía al mismo tiempo que se aprecian los alcances trascendentes de la experiencia cinematográfica durante y después de la proyección. En este trabajo se exploran las posibilidades pedagógicas de ambas tradiciones y se enfatiza en los alcances de la tradición analítica, por su interés para la enseñanza de la filosofía ―o de cualquier otra disciplina― a través del cine.
Stabilization Effects of Social Spending on Economic Growth in Selected West African Countries
Authors:   University of Calabar, UDAH Enang Bassey , OGUDO Pius A. ,   University of Calabar
Published: May 2021

This paper investigated the stabilization effects of social spending on economic growth in two selected countries namely, Senegal and Gambia. Using time series data from 1980 to 2015 the paper evaluated the cyclical behaviour of social spending, the optimal size of public social spending and the efficacy of public social spending to smoothen out fluctuations in the output. Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach and error correction mechanism (ECM) within dynamic OLS framework as well as static OLS were used. The results showed that social spending on education and health was pro-cyclical in Gambia and Senegal, but social spending in education was more pro-cyclical in education in the Gambia and for Senegal, health. The study found that the optimal government size that maximizes growth of GDP in the Gambia was 74 per cent of GDP and in Senegal the optimal government size that maximizes growth of GDP was 67 per cent of GDP. The paper recommended among others that Government should review the expenditure framework, to ensure that resources committed to social spending are efficiently utilized, with more emphasis on health expenditure in the Gambia and education for Senegal.
Suicide Attempt in a Patient with Sibutramine Associated Psychosis
Authors: Câmara Pestana Pedro , Ferreira Carla , Santos Ana Luísa , Jerónimo Joana , Ganança Licínia
Published: May 2021

Sibutramine is a serotonin-norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor, initially developed as a potential antidepressant and later approved for the management of obesity. Sibutramine use is also associated with psychiatric symptoms, namely mania, panic attacks, and, less frequently, psychosis. We report the case of a 32-year-old man, admitted to our hospital due to a suicide attempt in the context of sibutramine-associated psychosis. The symptoms remitted completely after discontinuation of sibutramine and a brief period of antipsychotic medication. The aim of this manuscript is to highlight the importance of the recognition of sibutramine-associated psychosis, to discuss the possible pathophysiology and the proper clinical and therapeutic management.
“Growth plus Development”, or Indian Experience of Economic Reforms
Authors: Volodin A.
Published: May 2021

The development philosophy in India has always attached prime significance to large-scale participation of Indians in modern economic and political processes, to their fullest openness and transparency. It included deconcentration of economic power, diversification of political authority sources, creation of additional value improvement incentives by means of small commodity mode development, productive forces system improvement in lower segments of society. Every historical period of India's economic development is thoroughly examined.
CAFTA – New Format of Economic Interaction in East Asia
Authors: Mazyrin V.
Published: May 2021

On January 1st, 2010, the free trade zone China–ASEAN (CAFTA) was launched officially. The creation of such zone is of special importance under the conditions when the international financial crisis has not yet come to its end, but trade protectionism is increasing worldwide. Developing countries with lagged economy or other economic problems are suffering from the crisis shock the most. Conversely, the regional trade liberalization allows to overcome contraction of demand for commodities produced in Asia, opens up new export possibilities. The capability of the regional countries to counter crisis developments rises particularly due to extension of trade and economic cooperation with China.
Customs Union as Part of EurAsEC: Prospects for Kazakhstan
Authors: Rahmatulina G.
Published: May 2021

An important stage in the CIS countries integration process intensification is the Customs Union (CU) formation as part of the EurAsEC, consisting of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia at first, with a further accession to this Union of other EurAsEC participants when ready. The main advantage of the Customs Union is the arrangement of conditions for a free movement of goods and citizens of the three states, the investment cooperation activation, common projects implementation. Still, the formation of the Union also holds definite risks for Kazakhstan. These risks and problems challenging all CU countries are investigated in the article, and it is concluded that in the course of the Union formation serious results have been achieved, but the partner states should move in a stepwise manner towards a Common Economic space creation.
Arctic Horizon of Russia’s Strategy: Contemporary Dynamics
Authors: Voronov K.
Published: May 2021

As a result of struggle between two concept-lines in prescriptive documents (concepts, strategies, doctrines) of the Russian Federation, certain compromise is reached between a popular ultra-liberal approach and national patriotic appeals for state development spatial reorientation. Having analyzed geopolitical aspirations of five Arctic states – Denmark, Canada, the USA, Norway, Russia (as well as NATO and the EU activities), and the legal regime of the Arctic, the author comes to a conclusion that, anyhow, no horrifying fight/race battle for possession of its territories or resources is taking place in practice. There is every indication to believe that all Arctic states will adhere to the existing and framing rules of international law (especially the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea, 1982).
Infrastructure and Economic Growth
Authors: Kondrat’ev V.
Published: May 2021

Theoretical research and empirical calculations provide a persuasive evidence of close relationship between infrastructure and economic growth. Infrastructure costs can directly or indirectly affect the GDP by stimulating private-sector investment and contributing to growth of employment, productivity and exports. Currently, the most dynamically developing infrastructure is in China. Russia significantly lags behind in this process.
Russia in Customs Union and WTO: New in Trade Policy
Authors: Obolenskiy V.
Published: May 2021

The creation of Custom Union of Belarus, Kazakhstan and Russia, as well as Russia's upcoming accession to the WTO, poses a number of questions that the author attempts to answer in this article. These include: what restrictions on the national trade policy are imposed by the membership in these organizations; what are the effects of Russia's participation in the WTO on the foreign trade management; what regulatory instruments and supportive measures Russia can use without violating its new international obligations?
Culture of Competition
Authors: Kachalin V.
Published: May 2021

The article describes the culture of competition, primarily one of its most important aspect – antitrust legislation. The formation of this legislation is different in particular countries. It can be initiated “from the bottom” (United States, United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, etc.) and “from above” (Russia). In these circumstances the main task of the governmental bodies is to find an equilibrium (“golden mean”) between antitrust and pro-competition activities.
Cooperation of Russia and Germany in Energy and Ecology
Authors: Basov F.
Published: May 2021

Energy cooperation between Russia and Germany is a pragmatic basis of the Russian-German relations and also the key factor for Russia-EU relations. The author makes an attempt to consider German national interests in energy sphere and actual tendencies of energy cooperation in Europe. Energy is inseparably linked with ecology. The interaction of Russia and Germany in environmental sphere is also covered.
Dialogue of Russia and European Union on Cancellation of Visas
Authors: Sutormina L.
Published: May 2021

The agreement on the facilitation of the issuance of short stay visas between EU and Russia was signed on May 25th, 2006 in Sochi. Both parties are globally satisfied with the fulfillment of their obligations under the agreement, but the negotiations on a crucial issue of the establishment of a visa free regime have stalled, hampering the progress of bilateral cooperation. Both parties realize that such a regime would promote bilateral business, trade and tourism. However, while the technical issues have been settled a much-awaited political decision is still to be taken.
Stratospheric temperature features over Saudi Arabia and their relationship to Atlantic SSTs and surface temperatures in winter
Authors:   King Abdulaziz University, Faculty of Meteorology, Environment and Arid Land Agriculture, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80234, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia., Hasanean H. M. , Labban Abdulhaleem H. ,   Department of Meteorology, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80234, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
Published: May 2021

Stratospheric temperature is an important climatic factor regionally and globally. This paper investigates temperature trends in the lower stratosphere at 50 hPa (T50), the mid-stratosphere at 30 hPa (T30), and the upper stratosphere at 10 hPa (T10), as well as their impacts on Atlantic Ocean sea surface temperature (SST) and Saudi Arabian surface air temperature (SAT) during the entire winter seasons of 1979-2019. The results show significant cooling for the T50 linear trend, progressive cooling for the T30 linear trend, and cooling for the T10 linear trend during the study period over Saudi Arabia. The results also indicate a significant nonlinear cooling trend for stratospheric temperature at T50 and T30, while a weak cooling at T10 is observed. Abrupt climatic changes towards warmth exist at all three levels of stratospheric temperature, which occur in 1992 for T50 and T30 and in 1983 for T10. These abrupt climate changes may be related to volcanic eruptions. Our results also indicate that a strong negative relationship exists between T50 and the SST of the tropical South Atlantic (TSA) and the Atlantic Multi-Decadal Oscillation (AMO), while T30 indicates a statistically negative relationship with the AMO. The lead-lag cross-correlation suggests that the SST of the Atlantic Ocean (tropical North Atlantic [TNA], TSA, and AMO) are linked to stratospheric temperatures at three lead winters. As a result of the teleconnection between SAT and stratospheric temperature over Saudi Arabia, the coupling of these two features occurs in winter, especially in the lower to mid-stratosphere layers.
Preparation for colonoscopy in children
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Shavrov (Jr.) А.А. ,   University Children’s Clinical Hospital, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Morozov D.A. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, E.M.Mukhametova E.M. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   University Children’s Clinical Hospital, I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation, Shavrov A.A. ,   Morozov Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow Department of Health, Moscow, Russian Federation,   N.I.Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: May 2021

A literature review deals with the strategies currently employed worldwide and in Russia to prepare for paediatric colonoscopy. The most common dietary regimens, types of medications and their dosage, bowel cleanout protocols in children are considered. The literature data comparing different methods of preparation to colonoscopy in children are presented. The problems associated with the use of certain methods of intestinal cleaning in paediatric practice are discussed, including the territory of the Russian Federation. Key words: colonoscopy, children, pediatrics, preparation
Cadeia logística reversa de pneus automotivos pós-consumo em Teresina-PI
Authors: Santos Maria do Socorro Ferreira dos , CARVALHO LIMA BENTHA BEATRYZ
Published: May 2021

Os pneus são resíduos sólidos que precisam de uma destinação adequada para evitar danos ambientais e à saúde ou para não servir de criadouros de vetores de doenças tais como a Dengue, a Chikungunha e a Zika. As preocupações com esses tipos de materiais motivaram legislações como CONAMA nº 416/2009, que previne a degradação ambiental ocasionada por pneus inservíveis e que busca a destinação correta, e a Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos, lei 12305, que por sua vigência estabelece a indispensabilidade da estruturação e implementação da logística reversa, além de trazer a responsabilidade compartilhada da cadeia produtiva. Tendo em vista a preocupação com o pós-consumo dos pneus, como a destinação ambientalmente correta, buscou-se analisar como ocorre a logística reversa dos pneus automotivos pós-consumo na cidade de Teresina – PI, por meio de pesquisas de campo nos envolvidos na cadeia, como as borracharias, concessionárias, revendedoras, renovadoras de pneus e empresa de reciclagem. A reforma de pneus, além de ser mais econômica para os consumidores e ecologicamente correta, é uma alternativa aos pneus pós-consumo que apresentam a estrutura adequada a reforma, evitam também que sejam utilizados litros de petróleo, assim como a liberação de CO2. Nas três renovadoras visitadas na cidade de Teresina, deixaram de ser utilizados mensalmente 91.560,0 litros de petróleo com a não liberação de 247.615,09 metros cúbicos de CO2 e a previsão anual de 1.098.720,0 litros de petróleo com 2.971.381,13 metros cúbicos de CO2 não sendo emitidos.
The effect of workplace mobbing on organizational silence: empirical results from higher education institutions
Authors: Yildiz Suleyman Murat
Published: May 2021

Mobbing and organizational silence are among the topics that have attracted attention in the field of organizational behavior. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mobbing behaviors on organizational silence in the workplace. Data were obtained from academicians working at public universities in Turkey. As a data collection tool, the Mobbing Scale for Academicians (MS-A) scale developed by Yildiz (2020) to measure mobbing, and the organizational silence scale developed by Van Dyne et al. (2003) to measure organizational silence were used. Correlation and hierarchal regression analyzes were applied to the obtained data. Relationships between the sub-dimensions of mobbing and sub-dimensions of organizational silence were analyzed separately. According to the results of the analysis, mobbing behaviors had a significant and positive effect on acquiescent silence and defensive silences of the academicians. However, there was no significant effect of mobbing on the prosocial silence of academicians. These results showed that mobbing behaviors were effective in the emergence of organizational silence.