bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of albendazole supramolecular complex on sheep organism
Authors: Glamazdin I. I.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to study the effect of albendazole supramolecular complex on clinical, hematological and biochemical parameters of sheep.Materials and methods. The effect of albendazole supramolecular complex on sheep organism was studied on 20 sheep weighing 34–42 kg, divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each. Sheep of Groups 1, 2 and 3 were administered the drug orally, once, at the therapeutic dose by AS 3 times 6 mg/kg and in 5 times increased doses (10 mg/kg). Animals to which the drug was not applied served as the control. Blood samples for hematologic and biochemical studies were taken from the jugular vein of animals at the same time - in the morning before the first injection and after 1, 3 and 5 days. The clinical condition of the animals, feed and water intake were daily monitored. Body temperature, number of heart beats, respiratory movements and rumen contractions per 2 min were taken into account. Hematological parameters of sheep were determined on PSE 90-vet analyzer (China), leukogram was determined by the generally accepted method. Blood biochemical parameters were studied using a BioSystems A15 analyzer (Spain).Results and discussion. Clinical and hematological indices of sheep after administration of the drug in tested doses were within the limits of physiological standard during the whole period of the research. The leukocyte profile in experimental and control sheep remained unchanged throughout the experiment (P < 0.05). At oral administration of the drug at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg of AS, no significant changes were observed in biochemical parameters of sheep blood, except for a shortterm increase in the content of creatinine and urea.
Efficacy of micronized dosage forms of fenbendazole at bothryocephalosis of carp
Authors: Vasilyeva T. A.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to develop and test new dosage forms of fenbendazole for carp bothriocephalosis.Materials and methods. A formulation of four dosage forms based on fenbendazole has been developed. Laboratory lots of therapeutic feeds with dosage forms have been produced, the degree of fish infection with bothriocephalosis during the growing season and the efficacy of testing micronized dosage forms for carp bothriocephalosis have been established according to generally accepted methods. The efficacy of using micronized dosage forms at different feeding rates has been assessed.Results and discussion. When using four micronized dosage forms of fenbendazole in therapeutic granulated compound feeds for carp bothriocephalosis, the most effective was the therapeutic feed with a 6% micronized dosage form of fenbendazole given once at a 5% feeding rate. This dosage form of fenbendazole has shown an efficiency close to microsal, which is currently used for the treatment of bothriocephalosis in carp.
Negative cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr in pyrethroid-resistance house flies
Authors: Silivanova E. A. , Kinareikina A. G. , Nurislamova A. R. , Melnichuk A. D. , Maslakova K. Yu. , Yangirova L. Ya. , Krestonoshina K. S.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to evaluate the susceptibility to deltamethrin and the pro-insecticide chlorfenapyr in a field population of Musca domestica L. compared to a laboratory strain Lab UF and to clarify a possible mechanism of crossresistance to chlorfenapyr.Materials and methods. The study was carried out on the adults of the laboratory strain Lab UF and the field population Nik of the housefly M. domestica collected from a livestock farm in the Tyumen region, where pyrethroid insecticides had been used for a long time. The toxicity of the pyrethroid deltamethrin (Delcid, 4%) and the pyrrole chlorfenapyr (Pyrafen EC, 360 g/l) against insects was estimated by the no-choice feeding test. Based on the dose-mortality response, lethal concentrations of insecticides were calculated by the probit analysis and the resistance ratio was determined. To clarify the possible mechanism of cross-resistance to chlorfenapyr in the Nik population of M. domestica, the activity of the main detoxification enzymes was determined depending on sex of the insects. In addition, the presence of the kdr-mutation providing resistance to pyrethroids was assessed by the Sanger sequencing.Results and discussion. The lethal concentrations of insecticides and the resistance ratios revealed the moderate resistance to deltamethrin and high susceptibility to chlorfenapyr in the field Nik population. A statistically significant increase in the activity of monooxygenases by 2.25–4.36 times, glutathione-S-transferase by 2.02–2.18 times, acetylcholinesterase by 1.45–1.46 times and alpha-naphthyl esterase by 1.41–1.46 times was noted in females and males of the Nik population compared to these parameters of the Lab UF strain. The presence of the kdr-mutation (L1014F) in houseflies of the field population was confirmed by the Sanger sequencing, while the kdr-his mutation (L1014H) was not detected. The results obtained allow us to suggest that resistance to deltamethrin and high susceptibility to chlorfenapyr in the field population of M. domestica are caused by the L1014F mutation and the increased P450 monooxygenase activity. Negative crossresistance can be used to develop insecticidal formulations that reduce the risk of rapid development of insecticidal resistance in M. domestica L.
To epiphytotic process at bursaphelenchosis (Bursaphelenchus mucronatus) of common pine
Authors: Shesteperov A. A. , Lychagina S. V. , Shchitkov G. S.
Published: December 2024

The purpose of the research is to study pine bursaphelenchosis foci identified in Vladimir Region and to describe the epiphytotic process at bursaphelenchosis of common pine Pinus sylvestris caused by the coniferous wood nematode Bursaphelenchus mucronatus Mamiya, Enda, 1979.Materials and methods. Research was conducted on the wilt of pine P. sylvestris L. in July 1998 in the Gus-Khrustalniy district of Vladimir Region. The symptoms of the lesion are similar to wilt caused by the nematode B. xylophilus. Selected large branches with yellow or red needles from 4 wilt centers. Rotten wood with bark beetle tracks was taken from windbroken trees. Externally uninfected trees were stripped of their bark and pieces of wood were cut. In the lab, the samples were pulverized, cut and placed in water. Nematodes were counted under binoculars. Nematodes were identified using methods generally accepted in phytohelminthology.Results and discussion. Foci of phytohelminthosis were found in pine plantations of Gus-Khrustalny District. The symptoms are similar to pine stem nematode infection, including yellow or red needles and tree death. B. mucronatus nematodes were found in small and large branches, trunks with bark beetle passages and in tree wood with alternating light and dark bluish layers. Capricorn beetles Monochamus spp. are vectors of the pathogen. B. mucronatus, phytopathogenic fungi, and symbiont bacteria contribute to pine death. Capricorn beetles lay eggs the larvae of which eat wood and complete the epiphytotic process. Transportation of contaminated materials facilitates the spread of bursaphelenchosis over long distances. Increasing air temperature increases the symptoms of bursaphelenchosis.
PENGARUH KEMAMPUAN HIGHER ORDER THINGKING SKILL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS MATEMATIS SISWA
Authors: Badolo Mas’ud , Nurhasanah  , Malik Marwati Abd.
Published: December 2024

Siswa dibekali tingkatan kemampuan berpikir, maka penting pelajaran matematika di berikan salah satunya kemampuan berpikir kritis. Kemampuan HOTS yang berbeda-beda dimiliki siswa, sehingga hal ini juga mempengaruhi perbedaan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemampuan HOTS terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah apakah ada pengaruh positif kemampuan HOTS terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian Ex Post Facto. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas. Sampel pada penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas VII. 4 UPTD SMP Negeri 4 Parepare yang berjumlah 26 responden dengan menggunakan teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Cluster Random Sampling. Instrumen penelitian berupa lembar tes uraian sebanyak 3 nomor pada materi Persamaan Linear Satu Variabel (PLSV) untuk mengetahui kemampuan HOTS dan kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik tes. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis statistika deskriptif dan analisis statistika inferensial. Hasil analisis deskriptif siswa kelas VII UPTD SMP Negeri 4 Parepare sebanyak 26 responden dimana skor rata-rata kemampuan HOTS siswa berada pada kategori tinggi dengan nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 68,80 dan standar deviasi sebesar 9,27. Skor rata-rata kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa berada pada kategori sedang dengan nilai rata-rata siswa sebesar 70,91 dan standar deviasi sebesar 9,04. Terdapat pengaruh positif kemampuan HOTS terhadap kemampuan berpikir kritis matematis siswa.
ANALISIS KESALAHAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER MATEMATIKA SISWA KELAS XI IPA SMA NEGERI 3 POSO TAHUN PELAJARAN 2021/2022 BERDASARKAN METODE NEWMAN
Authors: Nugroho Yudha , Rizal Muh. , Murdiana I Nyoman , Alfisyahra
Published: December 2024

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh deskripsi kesalahan yang dilakukan siswa XI IPA SMA Negeri 3 Poso dalam menyelesaikan soal ujian akhir semester matematika berdasarkan metode Newman. Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 3 Poso banyak melakukan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal Ujian Akhir Semester. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 3 siswa dari 33 siswa kelas XI IPA 1. Peneliti melakukan penelitian deskriptif dengan melakukan pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) jenis kesalahan pada materi barisan dan deret ialah kesalahan memahami masalah yaitu siswa tidak menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanyakan dari soal, kesalahan transformasi yaitu siswa salah dalam menentukan rumus  pada barisan geometri, kesalahan kemampuan proses yaitu siswa salah dalam menentukan nilai  barisan geometri, dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir yaitu siswa tidak melanjutkan perhitungannya. (2) jenis kesalahan pada materi limit ialah kesalahan kemampuan proses yang terjadi adalah siswa tidak menuliskan sampai tahap akhir penyelesaian soal dan siswa tidak teliti dalam mensubtitusikan nilai x kedalam limit fungsi dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir yaitu siswa memperoleh jawaban tidak tepat. (3) jenis kesalahan pada materi turunan ialah kesalahan memahami masalah yaitu siswa tidak menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan apa yang ditanyakan dari soal, kesalahan transformasi yaitu siswa tidak mengetahui menurunkan fungsi aljabar sederhana  dan bentuk perkalian dua fungsi , kesalahan keterampilan proses yaitu siswa salah menurunkan fungsi turunan menjadi dan tidak menggunakan penjabaran turunan perkalian dua fungsi  dan kesalahan penulisan jawaban akhir yaitu siswa memperoleh kesimpulan jawaban tidak tepat.
Pengembangan Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Berbasis Permainan Kartu Pecahan dengan Pendekatan Problem Based Learning untuk Meningkatkan Minat dan Kemampuan Memecahkan Masalah Matematika Siswa SD
Authors: Gultom Winni Andika Sari , Sembiring Maximus Gorky , Noviyanti Mery
Published: December 2024

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan media pembelajaran yaitu Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik (LKPD) berbasis permainan kartu pecahan dengan pendekatan Problem Based Learning (PBL) dengan model pengembangan ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, dan Evaluation). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) Mendeskripsikan prosedur pengembangan LKPD berbasis permainan kartu pecahan dengan pendekatan PBL yang valid, praktis, dan efektif; (2) Menganalisis penggunaan LKPD berbasis permainan kartu pecahan dengan pendekatan PBL dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa; (3) Menganalisis penggunaan LKPD berbasis permainan kartu pecahan dengan pendekatan PBL dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika siswa. Sampel  penelitian adalah 32 siswa kelas IV Community Learning Centre (CLC) Ladang Rajawali, Bintulu, Serawak. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui lembar observasi, wawancara, angket, dan tes kemampuan memecahkan masalah. Teknik analisis data berupa analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Diperoleh LKPD pengembangan dengan model ADDIE yang valid dengan skor 4,4 oleh ahli media, dan skor 4,5 oleh ahli materi dan bahasa. LKPD praktis dengan persentase rata-rata respon siswa sebesar 99,38% dan rata-rata skor penilaian pengamatan guru seebesar 4 (sangat baik). LKPD efektif yaitu dengan perolehan rata-rata pretes dan postes minat belajar adalah 64,06 dan 69,78, rata-rata pretes dan postes kemampuan memecahkan masalah adalah 57,50 dan 77,97; (2) LKPD berbasis permainan kartu pecahan dengan pendekatan PBL dapat meningkatkan minat belajar siswa; (3) LKPD berbasis permainan kartu pecahan dengan pendekatan PBL juga dapat meningkatkan kemampuan memecahkan masalah matematika siswa kelas IV CLC Ladang Rajawali Serawak.
An Incentive-Based Mobile Health Program for Smoking Cessation in Low-Resource Populations with a Pilot Micro-Randomized Trial
Authors: Tomlinson Devin , Bonar Erin , Zimmermann Lauren , Fernandez Anne , Tzilos Wernette Golfo , Nahum-Shani Inbal , Coughlin Lara
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. We evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of a digital incentive-based intervention for tobacco cessation among Medicaid beneficiaries with a pilot micro-randomized trial.Methods: Participants (N=37; 63.9% annual income <$15,000), self-enrolled across community-based health centers, were incentivized monetarily to submit breath samples twice daily for four weeks, with additional incentives for negative samples (≤6 parts per million carbon monoxide). Participants were randomized twice daily with fixed probability (0.48) to be sent motivational messages or not via an app. We evaluate acceptability and feasibility of the program. Using a generalization of regression suitable for a binary outcome, we examine the average effect of delivering a message (vs. no message) on proximal sample submissions and smoking status.Results: Thirty-three participants who completed a post-test assessment (97.1%) reported would recommend the program to others. Participants submitted samples during 69.5% of submission windows and 61.3% of participants were smoke free at post-test. After adjusting for previous sample submission, participants were 7% more likely (risk ratio (RR) 1.073; 95% confidence interval [CI]: [1.010,1.140]) to submit a sample after a motivational message was delivered (vs. not delivered). Participants were 7% less likely (RR 0.931; 95%CI: [0.827,1.048]) to submit a positive sample (vs. negative), although not statistically significant.Conclusions: The results support the incorporation of motivational messages into research involving incentive-based treatments for tobacco cessation.
Computational models of early language acquisition
Authors: Frank Michael C.
Published: December 2024

How do children acquire the sounds, words, and structures of their native language? Awealth of recent evidence suggests that probabilistic learning mechanisms play a role inlanguage acquisition. Nevertheless, the structure of these mechanisms is controversial andit is still unknown how broadly they apply to the tasks faced by language learners.Computational models can serve as formal theories of probabilistic learning byinstantiating proposals about the learning mechanisms available in early languageacquisition. However, fulfilling this promise requires that models be evaluated on twogrounds: their suﬃciency—whether they are able to learn aspects of language givenappropriate input—and their fidelity—whether they fit the patterns of success and failureshown by human learners. I review experimental and computational evidence for theapplication of probabilistic learning across a range of acquisition tasks and argue thatmodels of probabilistic learning succeed when they use expressive representations tocapture complex regularities in the input and when they implement a parsimony bias.
Perceptual Asymmetries in the Development of Lexical Tone Perception in Thai-learning Children
Authors: Götz Antonia , It-Ngam Suparuthai , Kasisopa Benjawan , Wayland Ratree , Luksaneeyanawin Sudaporn , Burnham Denis
Published: December 2024

This study examined how Thai children (aged 4, 6, and 8 years) and adults discriminate Thai lexical tones with a focus on the development of perceptual asymmetries. Four Thai tones, two static (low, high) and two dynamic (rising, falling) were presented in AX pairs in two orders: static-dynamic – low-rising, low-falling, high-rising, high-falling, and dynamic-static – rising-low, falling-low, rising-high, falling-high. A significant age effect was found; tone discrimination developed monotonically over age. Independent of this age effect it was found that discrimination was significantly better for dynamic-static than for static-dynamic tone pairs. Thus, there is a definite directional asymmetry in the perception of Thai lexical tones by Thai listeners, and given the consistency of this effect across age, it appears that this directional asymmetry may be formed in early childhood, even perhaps in early infancy, or is even rooted in a general auditory bias in speech perception.
Intellectual Humility Links to Metacognitive Ability
Authors: Fischer Helen , Kause Astrid , Huff Markus
Published: December 2024

Intellectual humility is increasingly recognized as an epistemic virtue that helps foster truth-seeking, encourage compromise, and mitigate polarization. Yet, the current body of evidence grapples with a striking contradiction: The prevailing theoretical account suggests that intellectual humility hinges on metacognitive ability—the capacity to introspect on one’s own accuracy which manifests in assigning due confidence to the varying accuracy of one’s accuracy. However, empirical research testing this metacognitive ability account of intellectual humility has yielded inconsistent results. Here, we introduce a cognitive science approach informed by Signal Detection Theory, allowing for a more nuanced separation of metacognitive ability from correlated but distinct concepts (i.e., confidence and accuracy). We conduct a survey study among a national US sample (N = 999) involving the interpretation of one of the most heavily contested domains—climate change—lending itself for an investigation into how intellectual humility relates to cognitive processes in domains where it is most needed. We presented participants with summaries of fictitious studies on renewable energy, followed by 2-alternative forced choice questions to assess their accuracy and confidence. Results showed that firstly, more intellectually humble citizens were more accurate at discerning correct from incorrect interpretations of the presented evidence. Secondly, more intellectually humble citizens exhibited a heightened capacity to adjust their confidence levels to the varying accuracy of their evidence interpretations–indicating higher metacognitive ability—and this association was robust to accounting for their superior accuracy, and other preregistered covariates. And thirdly, in contrast to intuitive notions, more intellectually humble citizens did not exhibit lower metacognitive bias, the inclination to report lower (vs. higher) overall confidence. By highlighting the role of metacognitive ability in intellectual humility, the current study delivers empirical evidence for the ancient notion that epistemic virtues are linked to metacognitive ability.
Putting Emotional Memories in Context: The Constructionist Model of Emotional Memory
Authors: West John Thomas , Mulligan Neil , Lindquist Kristen A
Published: December 2024

Given that the emotions associated with a stimulus affect its memorability, cognitive psychologists have long been interested in the intersection of emotion and memory. The bulk of such research has investigated the role of emotion in memory by examining the mnemonic effects of affective dimensions such as valence and arousal. However, in addition to studying such dimensions, the consideration of well-established theories of emotion from affective science represents a fruitful source of ideas whose implications for episodic memory have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In the current paper, we propose a model of emotional memory inspired by psychological constructionist theories of emotion, which conceive of emotions as emergent phenomena constructed when perceivers use conceptual knowledge to make sense of affective sensations in context. The constructionist model of emotional memory (CMEM) generates several novel directions for future research, such as investigating the mnemonic consequences of conceptual emotion knowledge, and considering the effects of variability in emotion construction at the situational, individual, and cultural levels.
Explaining Discrimination
Authors: Martiniello Billie , Auer Daniel , Ruedin Didier
Published: December 2024

Experiments on ethnic or racial discrimination often use names to signal originin market situations under the assumption that non-ethnic name signals do notsystematically affect the outcome. Using survey data, we demonstrate significantvariation in perceived trustworthiness and professionalism of names within origins.Linking this to a large-scale name-matched field experiment, we show thatthe variation in name perception predicts discriminatory behavior: Prospectivetenants in Switzerland with names exogenously rated as less trustworthy or lessprofessional receive fewer invitations to an apartment viewing. These marketrelevantcharacteristics explain, to a large extent, group differences in measureddiscrimination. Ethnic minority names that score high on either trustworthinessor professionalism are not discriminated against, while names scoring low on theseare discriminated against (relative to the majority name). In line with intergroupcontact theory, we also show that, regardless of their origin, more common namesface less discrimination. Our results reveal that discriminatory behavior is muchmore nuanced than a simple in-group/out-group dichotomy would suggest.
Mitigating Hostility in Digital Journalism: Digital Hostility as Ossifier of Field Boundaries
Authors: Perreault Gregory P
Published: December 2024

The rising prevalence of white nationalism necessitates an evaluationof the tactics of journalists employ to manage digital hostility.Through the lens of Bourdieu’s field theory, the present studyreflects a two-step interview procedure with 31 North American journalists, followed by participant observation and long-form depth interviews with four North American audience editors. The study argues that managing hostility is rooted in the habitus of North American journalists, with audience editors in particular offering layered mitigation tactics that work like second nature. Yet this mitigation hardens field boundaries and discourages journalists from digital connection with audiences.
Schulleitungen möchten ihre Gesundheitskompetenz stärken. Bericht zur LISUM Schulleitungsbefragung 2024: „Schlüsselkompetenzen schulischer Führungskräfte heute und in 2030“
Authors: Fichtner Sarah
Published: December 2024

Schulleitungen in Deutschland sind mit einer Vielzahl an Aufgaben konfrontiert. Dabei verfügen sie je nach Werdegang und Bundesland über unterschiedliche Qualifikationen und Kompetenzen. Der Bericht zur LISUM Schulleitungsbefragung 2024 zeigt, dass Schulleitungen in Berlin und Brandenburg die Gesundheitskompetenz bereits heute als für ihre Tätigkeitsfelder relevant ansehen. Für die Zukunft prognostizieren sie, dass ihre Tätigkeit als Krisenmanager*in zunehmen und ihre Gesundheitskompetenz entsprechend noch wichtiger werden wird.
Salutogenese im Mittelpunkt. Aus- und Fortbildung von schulischen Führungskräften in Thüringen
Authors: Bonda Silke , Jantowski Andreas
Published: December 2024

Der Beitrag gibt einen Überblick über die neu konzipierte Führungskräfteentwicklung des Thüringer Instituts für Lehrerfortbildung, Lehrplanentwicklung und Medien (ThILLM). Im Mittelpunkt dieses Konzepts stehen reflexive und selbstreflexive Fähigkeiten, die es ermöglichen, ein salutogenetisches Leitungshandeln umzusetzen.
Comparative evaluation of Bailey manoeuvre of deep extubation with conventional awake extubation technique - A randomized clinical study
Authors: Rahul Tiwari  , Suman Gupta  , Youvaraj M
Published: December 2024

Background: Extubation is a critical procedure in anesthesia and critical care, often accompanied by complications, such as bucking, coughing, and hemodynamic instability, particularly after major surgeries. The Bailey manoeuvre, involving deep extubation with the i-gel laryngeal mask airway (LMA), may mitigate these issues. The study was planned to compare the hemodynamic effects and side effect profiles of conventional awake endotracheal extubation and exchange extubation with the i-gel LMA.
Aims and Objectives: The study was designed to compare hemodynamic stress response and respiratory complication between the conventional extubation group and the following exchange extubation group.
Materials and Methods: In a prospective, randomized, single-blinded controlled study, 60 patients undergoing surgery under general anesthesia were divided into two groups: Group T (awake extubation) and Group L (exchange extubation with the i-gel LMA). Hemodynamic parameters and side effects were recorded and analyzed.
Results: Group L exhibited significantly lower heart rates, systolic and diastolic blood pressures, and mean arterial pressures at various time points post-extubation compared to Group T. The incidence of hypertension was significantly higher in Group T (90%) versus Group L (50%). Bucking and coughing less in the i-gel LMA exchange group compared to the standard endotracheal tube extubation group.
Conclusion: Exchange extubation with the i-gel LMA offers better hemodynamic stability and a lower incidence of hypertension compared to conventional awake extubation. This technique may be particularly beneficial for high-risk patients and those undergoing complex surgeries.
Validation of the P-POSSUM score in predicting outcomes in emergency craniotomy: A prospective observational study
Authors: Hari Prakash Rai  , Shivam Sharma
Published: December 2024

Background: The Portsmouth physiological and operative severity score for the enumeration of mortality and morbidity (P-POSSUM) is an established tool for predicting surgical outcomes. However, its applicability and accuracy in predicting post-operative mortality in patients undergoing emergency craniotomy require further validation.
Aims and Objectives: This study aims to validate the accuracy of the P-POSSUM score in predicting post-operative mortality in patients undergoing emergency craniotomy.
Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 2 years (June 2022–May 2024) at Maharani Laxmi Bai Medical College, Jhansi. Patients undergoing emergency craniotomy were included in the study. Data were collected on pre-operative physiological parameters and intraoperative variables to calculate the P-POSSUM score. The primary outcome was post-operative mortality within 30 days. Statistical analysis involved receiver operating characteristic curve analysis and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test to assess the predictive accuracy and calibration of the P-POSSUM score.
Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. The mean age was 53±17 years; 113 were male and 87 were female. The P-POSSUM score demonstrated good predictive accuracy for post-operative mortality with an area under the ROC curve of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.79–0.91). Calibration analysis using the Hosmer–Lemeshow test showed good calibration (P=0.23). Observed mortality was 56 (28%) compared to an expected 61, resulting in an observed-to-expected mortality ratio of 0.92.
Conclusion: The P-POSSUM score is a reliable and accurate tool for predicting post-operative mortality in patients undergoing emergency craniotomy. Its integration into clinical practice can enhance risk stratification and inform clinical decision-making. Further studies with larger cohorts and diverse populations are warranted to generalize these findings.
Attitude toward body donation among the non-medical support staffs in a tertiary care center of Eastern India
Authors: Ghosh Anasuya , Ben Riya , Mondal Astom
Published: December 2024

Background: Anatomy is a basic fundamental subject of medical science. Cadaveric dissection is an essential part of the anatomy teaching-learning process to provide detailed in-depth knowledge about the structural organization of organs in human the body to medical students. Human cadavers are mainly obtained by the body donation program, but the rate of body donation is not adequate in various parts of the country.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the attitude toward body donation among the non-medical support staffs in a tertiary health care setup in Eastern India.
Materials and Methods: After ethical approval was obtained, a face-to-face interview was conducted among 151 non-medical support staffs using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and Epicollect5 software.
Results: This study revealed that 44.37% of the participants were willing to donate their bodies for medical science after their death. The willingness was relatively higher among the male population, with urban residence, higher education level, and higher income group. The main motivation toward body donation was to help society by helping medical science. The main reason behind unwillingness was being uncomfortable about donating own body.
Conclusion: Target-oriented awareness program could be conducted to increase motivation toward body donation. Publicly acknowledging the body donors and showing respect to the cadaver and donor family might increase willingness toward body donation.
Work place violence among health-care providers working in a tertiary care hospital: A study from Central India
Authors: Ashish Mishra  , Sunita Patel  , Arindam Maiti  , Arvind Sharma
Published: December 2024

Background: Health-care providers are prone to either physical, verbal, or both type of violence either by patients or their relatives with majority studies conducted in developed countries with paucity in developing countries like India.
Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of different types of work-place violence and to assess the various factors associated with it among the health-care providers.
Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional study conducted among total of 253 health-care providers, consisting of both Senior and Junior Residents and Nursing staffs for a period of 6 months. Data were collected, and then entered in MS-Excel with both descriptive and statistical analysis done using IBM-SPSS v23.0.
Results: It was observed that 89.72% of the health-care providers experienced violence, where 66.01% of them experienced verbal type, while 23.71% of them experienced both, that is, verbal and physical. It was noted that majority of the health-care providers experienced verbal form of violence due to excessive crowd of attendant, that is, 123 (73.65%). Other factors such as not attending patient for a long time and lacunae of empathy towards patient/attendant have strong association with significant result for violence toward health-care providers, adjusted odds ratio (aOR) =4.69 (2.06–10.66), P=0.001 and aOR=4.52 (1.23–16.65), P=0.014, respectively.
Conclusion: This study of workplace violence among health-care providers revealed that majority, that is, nursing staffs experienced verbal violence because they deal with patients and their attenders for maximum time in a day during their duty hours and also due to less experience.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms among first-year undergraduate students of government medical and engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram city
Authors: Jisnu Janardhanan  , Rithwik Santhosh  , Ashoka  , Hyder Shafeen
Published: December 2024

Background: Depression is a major health issue globally and is on par with lifestyle diseases such as diabetes and hypertension when it comes to morbidity. The first year in professional college is a critical transition period encompassing drastic biological, social, emotional, and academic changes which could be potential stressors for precipitating depressive symptoms.
Aims and Objectives: The current study aims to find the prevalence of depressive symptoms among 1st-year undergraduate students of Government medical and engineering colleges in Thiruvananthapuram city.
Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included 88 medical students and 212 engineering students. Patient Health Questionnaire-9 was used to assess depressive symptoms, brief resilience scale to assess resilience, and CRAFFT 2.0 to screen for substance use. SPSS was used for the analysis of data; Chi-square test was used for the comparison of proportion and t-test for comparing means.
Results: 28% of total study subjects reported depressive symptoms. One in three medical students reported depressive symptoms while one in four engineering students reported depressive symptoms. Low resilience had negative association and history of substance use had positive association with the presence of depressive disorders.
Conclusion: A significant number of students in professional colleges have depressive symptoms, either diagnosed or undiagnosed. Steps can be taken in the direction of reducing academic distress, promoting extra-curricular activities, setting up student support programs in institutions, legal policies to limit substance misuse among students, and creating awareness about positive parenting styles which give adequate importance to self-care and being mindful.
Application of Six Sigma metrics for assessing the quality management of biochemical analytes in the clinical laboratory
Authors: Saurabh Singh  , Manisha Singh  , Devesh Sharma  , Ijen Bhattacharya  , Mamta Padhy  , Surabhi Puri  , Utkarsh Singh Tomar
Published: December 2024

Background: Quality control (QC) is an important part of clinical laboratory management which evaluates and maintains the performance of the clinical laboratory. Six Sigma is a continuous quality improvement process which is widely applied in the health care industry mainly in clinical laboratories.
Aims and Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the performance of biochemical analytes in a clinical laboratory using Six Sigma metrics and to implement quality improvement interventions. Sigma value was analyzed using bias, coefficient of variation (CV), and total allowable error (TEa) for each analyte. The quality goal index ratio was calculated to identify specific types of errors to introduce targeted quality interventions.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out at the Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Internal QC (IQC) and external QC data were collected during the study period and analyzed. The CV, Bias, and TEa were used to calculate the sigma (σ) values for 20 biochemical analytes.
Results: On retrospective data analysis, triglycerides-Level 1 (L1) and Level 2 (L2), and direct bilirubin-L2 showed a world-class performance (above 6σ) while 14 parameters were placed below average (<3σ) on sigma metrics. Prospective data analysis was performed following quality improvement intervention. Amylase, direct bilirubin, triglycerides and alanine transferase performed at world-class sigma metric for both the control levels (L1 and L2) whereas, Albumin and aspartate transferase showed above six sigma values for L2 control only. Five analytes out of 20 performed below average (<3σ) on sigma metrics, for which further continuous intervention will be carried out.
Conclusion: Six Sigma metrics is a continuous improvement and monitoring program that should be implemented to achieve world-class quality performance.
Intraperitoneal Bupivacaine 0.25% versus intravenous Diclofenac on post-operative analgesia in the cesarean section under spinal anesthesia: A prospective randomized comparative study in a tertiary care hospital of India
Authors: Pragyanrani Panda  , Imran Ahmed  , Mitesh Kumar Sharma  , Rajesh De
Published: December 2024

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a common surgical procedure, often accompanied by significant post-operative pain, which can hinder recovery, bonding with the baby, and breastfeeding. Effective pain management is crucial to prevent complications such as chronic pain and depression. Intraperitoneal (IP) instillation of local anesthetics, such as Bupivacaine has shown promise in providing analgesia, while intravenous (IV) Diclofenac is a common alternative.
Aims and Objectives: This study aimed to compare the post-operative analgesic efficacy of IP Bupivacaine with IV Diclofenac in parturients undergoing lower segment CS (LSCS).
Materials and Methods: A randomized, double-blind, prospective study was conducted in Deen Dayal Upadhyay Hospital, New Delhi, with 60 patients divided into two groups: Group B received IP Bupivacaine (30 mL, 0.25%) and Group D received IV Diclofenac (1 mg/kg). Post-operative pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) at various time points up to 24 h. The time to first rescue analgesia and total analgesic requirement were also measured.
Results: Group B had significantly lower VAS scores at 6, 8, 10, 12, and 24 h post-operatively (P<0.05). Time to first rescue analgesia was longer in Group B (7.26±1.04 h) compared to Group D (5.01±0.49 h) (P=0.001), and the total analgesic requirement was lower in Group B (P=0.01). Early breastfeeding was more feasible in Group B.
Conclusion: IP Bupivacaine provided superior analgesia compared to IV Diclofenac, promoting earlier mobilization, bonding, and breastfeeding. It is a simpler and more effective method for post-operative pain management in LSCS.
Comparison between negative pressure wound therapy and platelet-rich plasma therapy in management of diabetic foot
Authors: Ekta Jain  , Saurabh Saxena  , Ajay Pathak  , Kusum Mahour  , Neha Sharma  , Shiv Shakti Yadav  , Rachna Gupta
Published: December 2024

Background: Foot infections and ulceration are the most frequent reason for hospitalization in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), accounting for up to 25% of all patients with DM admission. In the new advanced therapies for treating diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs), platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) have shown promising results.
Aims and Objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: To study the role of NPWT and PRP in management diabetic foot wounds and to compare granulation tissue formation, total duration of wound healing, and hospital stay between two therapies in diabetic foot wounds.
Materials and Methods: This study was conducted with 100 patients of diabetic foot wounds meeting the inclusion criteria with pre-structured proforma and written informed consent for the therapies. After surgical debridement of the wound, the enrolled patients were randomized into two groups to receive either PRP therapy (Group A) (n=50) or NPWT (Group B) (n=50).
Results: PRP and NPWT both were effective in healing process of diabetic foot patients. The mean value of Group A in granulation tissue score were 2.10±0.73 and 1.90±0.60 in Group B showed no significant difference. The duration of hospital stay was lower in Group A as compared to Group B that is 19.04±4.85 days in Group A and 35.86±7.35 days in Group B. The total duration of wound healing in Group A was longer that is 7.22±3.34 weeks in Group A and Group B was 4.0±2.27 weeks.
Conclusion: PRP (Group A) and NPWT (Group B) are novel tools in management of DFUs. PRP is more simple, more safe, less costly, less equipment requirement, less complication, shorter time for the method, less painful, less hospital stay, and autologous nature in the preparation and had proved the superiority over NPWT.
A retrospective observational study on ovarian tumors and analysis of demographic factors and histopathological findings in a tertiary care center, Theni, Tamil Nadu
Authors: Priya R  , Mahalakshmi Aravazhi  , Buvaneshwari K
Published: December 2024

Background: Ovarian cancer is a significant global health concern, ranking 5th among cancer deaths among women and causing more deaths than any other cancer of the female reproductive system. It is the second most common gynecological cancer in India, with a high disease-related mortality rate owing to its asymptomatic nature in the early stages.
Aims and Objectives: This retrospective hospital-based observational study aimed to identify the demographic features of women with ovarian tumors detected by ultrasonography and their correlation with histopathology.
Materials and Methods: This retrospective hospital-based observational study included 139 women who underwent surgery for ovarian tumors at a tertiary care center in South India between September 2022 and August 2023. Patient details were collected from the gynecological outpatient department, surgical procedures, and final histopathological reports. Descriptive analysis was performed using frequencies and proportions for categorical variables, and the Chi-square test was used to test the statistical significance of the cross-tabulation between categorical variables.
Results: Most ovarian tumors were found in multiparous women aged 41–60 years 69 patients, (49.6%), and most were unilateral or cystic. Benign serous cystadenoma was the most common tumor type (n=51, 36.7%), whereas serous cystadenocarcinoma was the most common malignant tumor (n=10, 7.2%). There were statistically significant differences in age group, size, consistency, and laterality according to histopathological examination (P<0.05).
Conclusion: This study provides valuable information on the demographic factors and histopathological findings of ovarian tumors in a tertiary care center in South India.
القيادة الرقمية ودورها في تعزيز جودة التعليم الرقمي دراسة استطلاعية تحليلية في جامعتي وارث الانبياء (ع) وجامعة الزهراء (ع)
Authors: حسين محمد علي كشكول  , محمد مجيد الحمداني  , فهد مغيمش الشمري  , محمد نبيل الحبوبي  , نضال عبد الله ياسين المالكي
Published: December 2024

تهدف هذه الدراسة إلى استكشاف دور القيادة الرقمية في تعزيز جودة وفعالية التعليم الرقمي في جامعتي وارث (ع) الأنبياء وجامعة الزهراء (ع). يسعى البحث إلى فهم كيفية تأثير القيادة الرقمية على تحسين تجربة التعلم الرقمي لأعضاء هيئة التدريس في هاتين الجامعتين. حيث شملت الدراسة أعضاء هيئة التدريس في جامعتي وارث (ع) الأنبياء وجامعة الزهراء (ع)، حيث تم اختيار 221 استاذًا من مختلف الكليات لتمثيل مجتمع الدراسة. كما اعتمدت الدراسة منهج استقصائي حيث تم جمع البيانات من خلال استبانة توزعت على أعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات المعنية، وتم تحليل هذه البيانات باستخدام أساليب إحصائية لتحديد العلاقة بين المتغيرين. اذ تعتبر الدراسة أهمية لفهم تأثير القيادة الرقمية على جودة وفعالية التعليم الرقمي، وتوفير توجيهات لتطوير استراتيجيات القيادة وإدارة التعليم الرقمي في الجامعات.
أظهرت النتائج النظرية تأثيرًا إيجابيًا للقيادة الرقمية على جودة وفعالية التعليم الرقمي، حيث زادت مستويات القيادة الرقمية تحسين تجربة التعلم لأعضاء هيئة التدريس. وأظهرت النتائج العملية تحسنًا في جودة التعليم الرقمي بفعل تطبيق مبادئ القيادة الرقمية. كما استنتجت الدراسة أن هناك علاقة إيجابية بين القيادة الرقمية وجودة وفعالية التعليم الرقمي، وأن تبني مبادئ القيادة الرقمية يمكن أن يسهم في تحسين التعليم الرقمي في الجامعات. بناءً على النتائج، يُوصى بتعزيز التدريب والتطوير لتطبيق مبادئ القيادة الرقمية لدى أعضاء هيئة التدريس في الجامعات، بالإضافة إلى تشجيع التبني الفعال للتكنولوجيا والابتكار في التعليم الرقمي.
أهمية التخطيط الحكومي ودوره في انعاش القطاع السياحي في العراق
Authors: حيدر مزاحم سالم  , محمد عبد مكطوف
Published: December 2024

تعد السياحة ظاهرة حضارية واقتصادية تعتمد عليها اغلب الدول في تطوير اقتصادها  كونها توفر عملة صعبة من خلال توافد الزوار الاجانب  ولا يمكن ان تقوم السياحة بدون تخطيط.  ويعد العراق احد البلدان السياحية التي تعاني من ضعف التخطيط السياحي رغم توفر مقومات الجذب السياحي فيه ، لذا جاء هذا البحث لتسليط الضوء على اهمية دور الحكومة في تنشيط القطاع السياحي وتناول مشكلة مهمة جدا هي ضعف التخطيط في العراق بشكل عام لكافة القطاعات والقطاع السياحي بشكل خاص مع مشكلة عدم وجود دراسات سابقة حسب استطلاع الباحثين خاصة في متغير التخطيط الحكومي  .أهتم البحث بعدة امور أهمها تسليط الضوء على تعريف التخطيط ومفهومه واهدافه وركز على نوعين مهمين هما التخطيط السياحي والتخطيط الحكومي  وتناول واقع القطاع السياحي في العراق ، ومقومات الجذب السياحي فيه ، وابرز الاماكن السياحية المستغلة والغير مستغلة ، وعلى أساسها توصل الباحثان الى أهم الاستنتاجات تلخصت بأن هناك ضعف في الاداء الحكومي تجاه التخطيط لتنشيط القطاع السياحي ، والتي على ضوئها وضع الباحثان عدة توصيات لحلها .
Pengaruh Intensitas Penggunaan Media Sosial dan Kontrol Diri Terhadap Pembelian Impulsif
Authors: Narwastu Gadis Gloria , Ayunda Ramadhani
Published: December 2024

Meningkatnya penggunaan media sosial dikalangan masyarakat tanpa adanya kontrol diri dapat berpotensi memicu perilaku pembelian impulsif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan kontrol diri terhadap pembelian impulsif pada mahasiswa FEB Universitas Mulawarman. Subjek penelitian adalah 76 mahasiswa FEB Universitas Mulawarman yang dipilih secara acak. Data dikumpulkan melalui skala pembelian impulsif, intensitas penggunaan media sosial, dan kontrol diri, lalu dianalisis menggunakan regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh intensitas penggunaan media sosial dan kontrol diri terhadap pembelian impulsif dengan kontribusi pengaruh sebesar 22.8%. artinya penggunaan media sosial yang lebih aktif cenderung melakukan pembelian impulsif. Sebaliknya, kontrol diri tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap pembelian impulsif. Temuan ini menunjukkan pentingnya kesadaran pengguna akan dampak pembelian impulsif, terutama dikalangan pengguna aktif, edukasi mengenai pengelolaan perilaku belanja juga di perlukan agar konsumen dapat membuat keputusan yang lebih bijak.
Kata kunci: intensitas penggunaan media sosial, kontrol diri, pembelian impulsif