bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Current state and tendencies of developing library-information services in the Republic of Cameroon
Authors: Zemengue J. . , Mbila T. .
Published: September 2017

The article reflects the state of affairs in the field, which generalizes an operational experience of libraries in the Republic of Cameroon and foreign countries. The authors pay attention to the factors influencing the development of library-information services by proposing and suggesting solutions to develop this situation. The authors consider the library structure in the country, their various divisions and the personnel number using statistical tools; characterize the structure of library collections on their languages; examine in detail the most effective methods of serving users. The article managers the problems related to acquisition of libraries, stocks regulations and redistribution. The problem of insufficient training and retraining of library specialists in the library profession is brought up. Authors draw attention to unsatisfactory development of the material-technical base in Cameroon libraries, which is a consequence of the meager appropriations. The energy crisis in the country does not permit stable Internet connection. The necessity of creating portals and web-sites for libraries in the Republic of Cameroon was noted. Sufficient causes that have a direct impact on the quality of library information services for users are outlined. Authors propose a system for structuring the library system and indicate developing priorities of library-information services of the Republic of Cameroon. The article gives a comparative analysis of libraries’ activity in different countries. The authors conclude that there is no complete system of library-information servicing, flexible mechanisms and their interrelation. The country has no a single information space based on modern technology, reading rooms of major libraries fail to meet the growing demand for information services. Based on this study, the paper shows that there is need to create a unified platform for the Republic of Cameroon; identifies problems and different forms of developing the library-information service. The authors propose to pay more attention to modern remote non-stationary forms of library service delivery to the population as the most promising direction.
Enhancement Experiment on Cementitious Activity of Copper Mine Tailings in Geopolymer System
Authors: Yu Lin , Zhang Zhen , Huang Xiao , Jiao Binquan , Li Dongwei
Published: September 2017

Copper mine tailings are the residual products after the purification of precious copper from copper ores, and their storage can create numerous environmental problems. Many researchers have used copper mine tailings for preparation of geopolymer. This paper studies the enhancement of the cementitious activity of copper mine tailings in geopolymer system. First, copper mine tailings are activated through a mechanical grinding activation. Afterward, the mechanically activated copper mine tailings are further processed through thermal activation and alkaline roasting activating. The cementitious activity index of copper mine tailings is characterized through the degree of concentration of alkali leaching silicon and aluminum. It was observed that the Si and Al alkali leaching concentration of mechanical activated tailings was increased by 26.03% and 93.33%, respectively. The concentration of Si and Al was increased by 54.19% and 119.92%, respectively. For alkaline roasting activating, roasting time, temperature and (C/N ratio) were evaluated through the orthogonal test, and the best condition was activation for 120 min at 600℃ with C/N ratio is 5:1. In this study, the SEM, XRD and IR analysis show that mechanically activation, thermal activation and alkaline roasting activating can improve the cementitious activity index of copper mine tailings.
Mechatronic Solutions for the Safety of Workers Involved in the Use of Manure Spreader
Authors: Cecchini Massimo , Monarca Danilo , Laurendi Vincenzo , Puri Daniele , Cossio Filippo
Published: September 2017

An internationally acknowledged requirement is to analyze and provide technical solutions for prevention and safety during use and maintenance of manure spreader wagons. Injuries statistics data and specific studies show that particular constructive criticalities have been identified on these machines, which are the cause of serious and often fatal accidents. These accidents particularly occur during the washing and maintenance phases, especially when such practices are carried out inside the hopper when the working bodies of the machine are in action. The current technical standards and the various safety requirements under consideration have not always been effective for protecting workers. To this end, the use of SWOT analysis allowed to highlight critical and positive aspects of the different solutions studied for reducing the risk due to contact with the working bodies. The selected and tested solution consists in a decoupling system automatically activated when the wheels of the wagon are not moving. Such a solution prevents the contact with the moving working bodies of the machine when the worker is inside the hopper. This mechatronic solution allowed to obtain a prototype that has led to the resolution of the issues related to the use of the wagon itself: in fact the system guarantees the stopping of manure spreading organs in about 12 seconds from the moment of the wheels stopping.
Three-Dimensional Seismic Velocity Structure Beneath Japanese Islands and Surroundings Based on NIED Seismic Networks Using both Inland and Offshore Events
Authors: Matsubara Makoto , Sato Hiroshi , Uehira Kenji , Mochizuki Masashi , Kanazawa Toshihiko ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan,   Earthquake Research Institute, the University of Tokyo 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
Published: September 2017

Tomographic analysis of the seismic velocity structure beneath oceans has always been difficult because offshore events determined by onshore seismic networks have large uncertainties in depth. In order to use reliable event locations for our computations, we have developed a method to use the hypocentral depths determined by the NIED F-net with moment tensor solutions using long-period (20-50 s) waves from offshore events away from onshore seismic networks. We applied seismic tomographic method to events occurring between the years 2000 and 2015 to generate a tomographic image of the Japanese Islands and the surrounding using travel time data picked by the NIED Hi-net, hypocenteral information for onshore earthquakes from the Hi-net, and hypocenter information for offshore events from the F-net. The seismic velocity structure at depths of 30-50 km beneath the Pacific Ocean off the east coast of northeastern Japan and onshore Japan was clearly imaged using both onshore and offshore event date. The boundary between high and low P-wave velocities (Vp) is clearly seen at the Median Tectonic Line beneath southwestern Japan at depths of 10 and 20 km. We discuss how the high-Vp lower crust and low-Vp upper crust beneath central Japan and towards the Sea of Japan are responsible for the failed rift structures formed during the opening of the Sea of Japan. Due to consequent shortening, the crustal deformation has been concentrated along the failed rift zone. Resolution of shallow structures beneath the ocean is investigated using S-net data, confirming the possibility of imaging depths of 5-20 km. In future studies, application of S-net data will be useful in evaluating whether the failed rift structure, formed during the late Cretaceous to early Tertiary, continues towards the shallow regions beneath the Pacific Ocean.
Large-Scale Shake Table Test on Behavior of Underground Structure with the Curved Portion During an Earthquake
Authors: Kawamata Yohsuke , Nakayama Manabu , Towhata Ikuo , Yasuda Susumu ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 1501-21 Nishikameya, Mitsuta, Shijimicho, Miki, Hyogo 673-0515, Japan,   Kobe Gakuin University, Hyogo, Japan,   Kanto Gakuin University, Kanagawa, Japan,   Tokyo Denki University, Saitama, Japan
Published: September 2017

Underground structures are generally considered to have high seismic performance and expected to play an important role as a base for reconstruction even after a destructive earthquake. Rigidity changing points, such as jointed and curved portions of underground structure, where localized deformation and stress is supposed to be generated, are ones of the most critical portions in terms of seismic performance of underground structure. Because the underground structure in a mega-city functions as a network, local damage could lead to fatal dysfunction. Accordingly, rigidity changing points and their surrounding area could significantly influence the resiliency of urban functions, and it is indispensable to evaluate their seismic performance and dynamic responses during earthquakes. The responses of rigidity changing points and their surrounding area to earthquakes have been tried evaluating by using large-scale numerical analyses, there is no case available where the responses have been measured in detail. For this reason, it is difficult to verify the validity of the results of such evaluations.

In light of the above, the shake table test was conducted at E-Defense using a coupled specimen of soil and underground structures to obtain detailed data, especially on the localized responses around rigidity changing points during the earthquake. Based on the data obtained, the behavior of the underground structure with a curved portion at the time of an earthquake was analyzed comprehensively. As a result of the analysis on the test data, it is found that there is a strong correlation between the localized deformation of the curved portion of the tunnel and the displacement of the surrounding ground. In addition, it is necessary to conduct a three-dimensional seismic response analysis not only around the rigidity changing point but also in wider area.
Relationship Betweenb-Value Distribution and the Magma Plumbing System in and Around Mt. Tarumae, Japan
Authors: Chiba Keita , Ueda Hideki , Tanada Toshikazu ,   Institute of Seismology and Volcanology, Faculty of Science, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience, Ibaraki, Japan
Published: September 2017

Mt. Tarumae is an active volcano located in the southeast of the Shikotsu caldera, Hokkaido, Japan. Recently, crustal expansion occurred in 1999–2000 and 2013 near the summit of Mt. Tarumae, with a M5.6 earthquake recorded west of the summit on July 8, 2014. In this study, we determined hypocenter distributions and performedb-value analysis for the period between August 1, 2014 and August 12, 2016 to improve our understanding of the geometry of the magma system beneath the summit of Mt. Tarumae. Hypocenters were mainly distributed in two regions: 3–5 km west of Mt. Tarumae, and beneath the volcano. We then determinedb-value distributions. Regions with relatively highb-values (∼1.3) were located at depths of –0.5 to 2.0 km beneath the summit and at depths greater than 6.0 km about 1.5–3.0 km northwest of the summit, whereas a region with relatively lowb-values (∼0.6) was located at depths of 2.0–6.0 km beneath the summit. Based on comparison of theb-value distributions with other geophysical observations, it was found that the highb-value region from –0.5 to 2.0 km in depth corresponded to regions of lower resistivity, positive self-potential anomaly, and an inflation source detected in 1999–2000. Therefore, it is inferred that this region was generated by crustal heterogeneity, a decrease in effective normal stress, and change of frictional properties caused by the development of faults and fissures and the circulation of hydrothermal fluids. On the other hand, the inflation source detected in 2013 was located near the boundary between the lowb-value region beneath the summit and the deeper highb-value region about 1.5–3.0 km northwest of the summit. Studies of other volcanoes have suggested that such highb-values likely correspond to the presence of a magma chamber. Based on the deeper highb-value region estimated in this study, the magma chamber is inferred to be located at depths greater than 6.0 km about 1.5–3.0 km northwest of the summit. Thus, these findings contribute to our understanding of the magma plumbing system beneath the summit of Mt. Tarumae.
Very Short Time Range Forecasting Using CReSS-3DVAR for a Meso-γ-Scale, Localized, Extremely Heavy Rainfall Event: Comparison with an Extrapolation-Based Nowcast
Authors: Kato Ryohei ,   Storm, Flood and Landslide Research Division, National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Shimizu Shingo , Shimose Ken-ichi , Iwanami Koyuru
Published: September 2017

The forecast accuracy of a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model for a very short time range (≤1 h) for a meso-γ-scale (2–20 km) extremely heavy rainfall (MγExHR) event that caused flooding at the Shibuya railway station in Tokyo, Japan on 24 July 2015 was compared with that of an extrapolation-based nowcast (EXT). The NWP model used CReSS with 0.7 km horizontal grid spacing, and storm-scale data from dense observation networks (radars, lidars, and microwave radiometers) were assimilated using CReSS-3DVAR. The forecast accuracy of the heavy rainfall area (≥20 mm h-1), as a function of forecast time (FT), was investigated for the NWP model and EXT predictions using the fractions skill score (FSS) for various spatial scales of displacement error (L). These predictions were started 30 minutes before the onset of extremely heavy rainfall at Shibuya station. The FSS for L=1 km, i.e., grid-scale verification, showed NWP accuracy was lower than that of EXT before FT=40 min; however, NWP accuracy surpassed that of EXT from FT=45 to 60 min. This suggests the possibility of seamless, high-accuracy forecasts of heavy rainfall (≥20 mm h-1) associated with MγExHR events within a very short time range (≤1 h) by blending EXT and NWP outputs. The factors behind the fact that the NWP model predicted heavy rainfall area within the very short time range of ≤1 h more correctly than did EXT are also discussed. To enable this discussion of the factors, additional sensitivity experiments with a different assimilation method of radar reflectivity were performed. It was found that a moisture adjustment above the lifting condensation level using radar reflectivity was critical to the forecasting of heavy rainfall near Shibuya station after 25 min.
Effects and Issues of Information Sharing System for Disaster Response
Authors: Usuda Yuichiro ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Hanashima Makoto , Sato Ryota , Sano Hiroaki
Published: September 2017

In disaster response, wherein many organizations undertake activities simultaneously and in parallel, it is important to unify the overall recognition of the situation through information sharing. Furthermore, each organization must respond appropriately by utilizing this information. In this study, we developed the Shared Information Platform for Disaster Management (SIP4D), targeted at government offices, ministries, and agencies, to carry out information sharing by intermediating between various information systems. We also developed a prototype of the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) Crisis Response Site (NIED-CRS), which provides the obtained information on the web. We applied these systems to support disaster response efforts in the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquakes and other natural disasters. We analyzed the effects of and issues experienced with the information sharing systems. As effects, we found 1) the realization of increased overall efficiency, 2) validity of sharing alternative information, and 3) possibility of using the system as a basis for information integration. As future issues, we highlight the needs for 1) advance loading of data, 2) machine readability of top-down data, and 3) identifying the common minimum required items and standardization of bottom-top data.
The Standardized Disaster-Information Products for Disaster Management: Concept and Formulation
Authors: Hanashima Makoto ,   National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED) 3-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0006, Japan, Sato Ryota , Usuda Yuichiro
Published: September 2017

The purpose of this paper is to consider the essential concept by which to formulate standardized information that supports effective disaster response. From the experiences of past disasters, we have learned that disaster response organizations could not work effectively without information sharing. In the context of disaster response, the purpose of “information sharing” is to ensure common recognition of the disaster situation being confronted. During the Kumamoto earthquake, we provided a set of disaster information products to disaster response organizations to support their relief activities. Based on the real disaster response experience, we extracted issues of information sharing between various organizations. To resolve these issues, we discuss the concept of information sharing first, and then consider the quality of information that supports disaster response activities by referring to the information needs of emergency support organizations such as the Disaster Medical Assistance Team (DMAT). We also analyze the Basic Disaster Management Plan published by the Central Disaster Management Council and extract a common disaster-information set for governmental organizations. As a result, we define the “Standard Disaster-information Set” (SDS) that covers most disaster response information needs. Based on the SDS, we formulate intermediate information products for disaster response that provide consistent information of best-effort quality, named the “Standardized Disaster-information Products” (SDIP). By utilizing the SDIP, disaster response organizations are able to consolidate the common recognition of disaster situations without consideration of data availability, update timing, reliability, and so on.
Mini Special Issue on Cyber Security
Authors: Watanabe Kenji
Published: September 2017

As our daily lives and socioeconomic activities have increasingly come to depend on information systems and networks, the impact of disruptions to these systems and networks have also become more complex and diversified.

In urban areas, where people, goods, money, and information are highly concentrated, the possibility of chain failures and confusion beyond our expectations and experience is especially high.

The vulnerabilities in our systems and networks on have become the targets of cyber attacks, which have come to cause socioeconomic problems with increasing likelihood. To counter these attacks, technological countermeasures alone are insufficient, and countermeasures such as the development of professional skills and organizational response capabilities as well as the implementation of cyber security schemes based on public-private partnerships (PPP) at the national level must be carried out as soon as possible.

In this JDR mini special issue on Cyber Security, I have tried to expand the scope of traditional cyber security discussions with mainly technological aspects. I have also succeeded in including non-technological aspects to provide feasible measures that will help us to prepare for, respond to, and recover from socioeconomic damage caused by advancing cyber attacks.

Finally, I am truly grateful for the authors’ insightful contributions and the referees’ acute professional advice, which together make this JDR mini special issue a valuable contribution to making our society more resilient to incoming cyber attacks.
Proposal for a Risk Communication-Based Approach to IT Risk
Authors: Sasaki Ryoichi ,   Tokyo Denki University 5 Senju-Asahi-Cho, Adachi-ku, Tokyo
Published: September 2017

With society’s increasing dependence on information technology (IT) systems, it is becoming increasingly difficult to resolve safety problems related to IT systems through conventional information security technology alone. Accordingly, under the heading of “IT risk” research, we have been investigating ways to address broader safety problems that arise in relation to IT systems themselves, along with the services and information they handle, in situations that include natural disasters, malfunctions, and human error, as well as risks arising from wrongdoing. Through our research, we confirmed that a risk communication-based approach is essential for resolving IT risk problems, and clarified five issues that pertain to a risk-based approach. Simultaneously, as tools to support problem resolution, we developed a multiple risk communicator (MRC) for consensus formation within organizations, along with Social-MRC for social consensus formation. The results of our research are detailed in this paper.
Study on High Resilient Structures for IoT Systems to Detect Accidents
Authors: Shintani Hideyuki ,   Nagoya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho, Show-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 466-8555, Japan, Aoyama Tomomi , Koshijima Ichiro
Published: September 2017

In order to operate the Internet of Things (IoT) or Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) in the real world, the system needs to be structured to have people in the real world incorporated as a part of its process: Human-in-the-Loop CPS (HITLCPS). With people in the real world incorporated as a part of its process, the system must have a secure structure to be able to continue operating normally. With sensors, actuators and other devices connected in a network, it becomes vulnerable to cyberattacks; hence, its framework must be resilient and secure in order to ensure its safety in the face of any disturbances. In this paper, we describe a safety-based secure system structure, using a STAMP model and a covariance structure.
The Cultural Heritage Open Laboratory System (CHeLabS). Unfolding a cultural heritage-driven development in science and technology.
Authors: Calicchia Paola , Pitolli Luca , Salonia Paolo
Published: September 2017

A territory, with its distinctive cultural heritage ecosystem effectively linked to the technological capabilities, represents a co-evolved system that contributes to the socio-economic growth and to a knowledge-based society.

This work illustrates a new model of territorial system recently launched, the Cultural Heritage Open Laboratory System (CHeLabS), that aims at the construction of a favourable context addressing the challenge of a CH-driven development in science and technology. The concept, the inspiring principles, the vision, the activities and the implementation steps of this system are discussed, in addition to few key factors that trigger innovation and sustain knowledge building dynamics useful for shaping the future CHeLabS environment.

The cultural asset is at the centre of this system, where a number of representative heritage sites and monuments are the nodes of a scalable and distributed laboratory, based on the Open Access and Sharing culture.
The current and bottom-up phase of implementation of the system is described: on a web-based platform, the heritage science community is invited to participate to an interactive survey. The expected results will highlight the problems, perceived by the experts community, demanding for new knowledge and also the technological trends that could unfold effective innovation dynamics.
A totally new digital 3D approach for reassembling fractured archaeological potteries using thickness measurements
Authors: Stamatopoulos Micheal I , Anagnostopoulos Christos-Nikolaos
Published: September 2017

The reassembly of a broken archaeological ceramic pottery from its fragments (called sherds or ostraca) is an open and complex problem, which remains a scientific process of extreme interest for the archaeological community. All the solutions suggested by various research groups and universities, depend on external information such, the outline of sherds, the corners of their contour, some geometric characteristics, the matching of the discontinued surfaces due to fracture, the angles and curves on its boundaries, etc. In our approach the reassembly process is based on a different and more secure idea, since it is focuses on the thickness information encapsulated in the inner part of the sherds, which is not -or at least not heavily- affected by the presence of harsh environmental conditions and is safely kept within the sherd itself. The method is verified in various use case experiments, using cutting edge technologies and precise measurements on 3D models.
3D modelling and measurements of historical violins
Authors: Dondi Piercarlo , Lombardi Luca , Malagodi Marco , Licchelli Maurizio
Published: September 2017

Measuring historical violins provides crucial information about the morphology of the instruments, useful both for researchers and violin makers. Generally, these measures are taken manually using a calliper, but they can be repeated only occasionally due to both the restricted access to these precious instruments and the need of avoiding accidental damages to the wood or to the varnishes. In this work, we describe and assess the accuracy of a protocol for the acquisition and creation of high quality 3D models of violins, suitable for taking accurate measurements. Six historical violins of 17th – 18th centuries, kept in “Museo del Violino” in Cremona (Italy), were used as test set. The quality of the final outcomes was checked comparing measures taken on the 3D meshes with the correspondent ones taken by calliper on the original instruments. Finally, a comparison between the sound board of the instruments were performed.
Application of Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) to the analysis of archeological ceramic amphorae belonging to the Carthaginian fleet that was defeated in the Egadi battle (241 B.C.)
Authors: Pitonzo Rosa , Armetta Francesco , Saladino Maria Luisa , Oliveri Francesca , Tusa Sebastiano , Caponetti Eugenio
Published: September 2017

The aim of this preliminary work was to identify characteristic compounds in 7 underwater marine ceramic amphorae sherds dating from the period of the battle of the Egadi Islands that decided the end of the First Punic War (241 B.C.) by Gas Chromatography coupled with Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS).
The metrological research of the Machu Picchu site. Application of a cosine quantogram method for 3D laser data.
Authors: Kubicka Anna Maria
Published: September 2017

The aim of a metrological analysis of the Machu Picchu site is to verify the hypothesis on the functioning of the imperial system of length measurement which was used by the Incas during measurement and construction processes. Data for metrological analyses were obtained from 3D laser scanning as 3D point cloud from where desired length measurements were collected. As far as the research method is concerned, a statistical model of a cosine quantogram was used to find a unit of design from a data set. The method has successfully been introduced during the analysis of architectural sites of the Mediterranean culture but never has been applied in regard to pre-Columbian archaeology. Statistical approach in this study will reveal new information about Inca urban planning based on the elements of architecture design.
Interdisciplinary Research of Iron Casting Technologies in the Town of Juketau during the Golden Horde Period
Authors: Shaykhutdinova Eugenia , Khramchenkova Rezida , Nabiullin Nail , Belyaev Alexander , Yanbaev Ruslan , Sitdikov Airat
Published: September 2017

The work features the results of interdisciplinary research of cast iron dishware fragments discovered in the territory of one of the largest towns of the Volga-Kama region in the Golden Horde period. The microstructure of cast iron samples and surface mapping have been studied using scanning electron microscopy  (SEM), and the microelemental composition was determined by emission spectral analysis (ESA). The characteristic features of the manufacturing technology have been revealed as a result of research of the elemental and phase composition across the area of the transverse fracture and longitudinal polished section. The results of SEM allowed to carry out a comparative analysis with archaological material from the territory of Bolgar settlement – capital of the Bolgar Ulus of the Golden Horde. According to the results of microelemental analysis, two groups of cast iron were determined with differences attributed to various sources of  raw material.
Ion Microbeam Analysis in Cultural Heritage: application to lapis lazuli and ancient coins
Authors: Lo Giudice Alessandro , Re Alessandro , Angelici Debora , Corsi Jacopo , Gariani Gianluca , Zangirolami Marco , Ziraldo Emma
Published: September 2017

Ion Beam Analyses (IBA) techniques, for example PIXE (Particle Induced X-ray Emission) and IL (IonoLuminescence), are a powerful analytical tool used to investigate the composition and structure of materials in cultural heritage. These techniques could be applied both in vacuum preparing the sample as in electron microscopy and in the air in a non-invasive way allowing to analyse artworks of practically any shape and dimension without sample preparation. Moreover the use of a focused beam (microbeam) permits to reach an analysis resolution of few micrometers in vacuum and ten micrometers in air.
In this work, instruments and methodologies are described and two examples of case study are reported: I) the mapping of elemental distribution in ancient roman coins; II) the trace elements measurement in lapis lazuli for provenance determination
The Risk of Assuming Abuse in an Infant with an Isolated Metaphyseal Lesion
Authors: Norrell Kirsten , Hennrikus William
Published: September 2017

Case:

The classic metaphyseal lesion, or corner fracture, is considered a strong indicator of nonaccidental trauma. In the present case, the parents brought their 8-month-old boy to a community hospital after he stopped crawling on the right leg. A knee radiograph demonstrated an isolated metaphyseal lesion, which prompted concern for child abuse. The patient was transferred to the nearest academic medical center; the pediatric radiology expert in child abuse determined that the lesion was a normal variant and not the result of abuse.

Conclusion:

An isolated metaphyseal lesion is not pathognomonic for child abuse, and a thoughtful differential diagnosis should be considered.
OPTIMALISASI CARA PEMERAMAN BUAH CEMPEDAK (Artocarpus champeden)
Authors: Arif Abdullah Bin , Diyono Wahyu
Published: September 2017

Cempedak (Artocarpus champeden), merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman eksotis asli Indonesia. Rasa buahnya sangat manis dan legit, aromanya sangat wangi dan khas. Buah cempedak merupakan buah klimaterik yang tingkat ketuaannya tidak seragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan teknologi pemeraman buah cempedak yang menghasilkan kematangan buah cempedak lebih seragam dan lebih cepat tanpa harus merubah karakter fisik dan kimianya. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) 1 faktor yang terdiri dari sepuluh (10) perlakuan pemeraman dengan dua ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut meliputi kontrol (tanpa perlakuan), pelukaan, karbit pada beberapa dosis 1, 2, 3, dan 4 g/kg buah (C1,C2, C3 dan C4) dan ethrel pada beberapa dosis (1000, 1500, 2000 dan 2500) ppm. Analisis statistik yang dilakukan meliputi analisis univariate dan multivariate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pemeraman dengan karbit dan ethrel dapat mempercepat pematangan buah cempedak lebih cepat 3 hari dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol dan pelukaan. Semakin tinggi dosis karbit dan ethrel nilai TPT dan kadar air cenderung semakin rendah, sebaliknya nilai vitamin C semakin tinggi dengan semakin tingginya dosis pada hari keempat setelah pemeraman. Perlakuan pemeraman dengan dosis karbit 2 dan 3 g/kg mempunyai kemiripan dengan perlakuan pemeraman ethrel 1500 dan 2000 ppm pada karakter total asam, vitamin C, total padatan terlarut dan kadar air setelah 7 hari pemeraman. Analisis univariate (anova) efektif dalam hal memberikan informasi mengenai perlakuan yang terbaik, sedangkan analisis multivariate (manova dan PCA) efektif dalam mengurangi/mereduksi jumlah variabel dan menentukan kemiripan suatu variabel.
ANALISIS PEMASARAN JAMBU METE DI KABUPATEN MUNA PROVINSI SULAWESI TENGGARA
Authors: Nurdiyah Nurdiyah , Fariyanti Anna , Jahroh Siti
Published: September 2017

Muna adalah sentra produksi utama jambu mete di provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara . Perkebunan jambu mete di Muna memiliki masalah kualitas seperti produksi yang rendah, pendapatan rendah dan sistem pemasaran yang tidak efisien . Posisi tawar petani lemah karena petani tidak memiliki informasi yang dapat digunakan sebagai harga referensi. Harga ditentukan oleh pedagang jambu mete yang mengakibatkan rendahnya harga jual di tingkat petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis strukur pasar, perilaku pasar dan kinerja pasar jambu mete di Kabupaten Muna. Struktur pasar dianalisis dengan Herfindahl Hirchman Index (HHI). Perilaku pasar digambarkan secara deskriptif sedangkan kinerja pasar dianalisis dengan margin pemasaran, pangsa pasar petani dan integrasi vertikal. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan purpossive yang dilakukan di sentra produksi jambu mete di Kabupaten Muna yakni Kecamatan Tongkuno dan Kecamatan Kabawo dimulai bulan Juli 2013 sampai September 2013 Lembaga pemasaran yang dianalisis adalah petani, pedagang pengumpul desa, pedagang pengumpul kecamatan dan pedagang antar pulau (grosir di tingkat kabupaten). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur pasar jambu mete merupakan struktur pasar oligopsoni yang mengakibatkan terjadi kolusi antara pedagang dan industri pengolahan jambu mete. Hasil analisis kinerja pasar menunjukkan bahwa pasar petani tidak terintegrasi dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa petani jambu mete adalah penerima harga.
PENENTUAN KEBUTUHAN NITROGEN TANAMAN JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) PADA BERBAGAI JARAK TANAM DALAM TUMPANGSARI DENGAN KACANG TANAH (Arachis hypogeae L.) DI LAHAN KERING MALUKU TENGAH
Authors: Rivaie Achmad Arivin
Published: September 2017

Most people in Maluku Islands have long used non-rice food consumption, especially tuber crops and maize. The development of diversification of non-rice food consumption certainly needs to be supported by the availability of adaptive crop cultivation technology to climate change. Cropping pattern is one of the appropriate steps for smallholder farmer to increase land productivity. An experiment of maize/peanut intercropping pattern had been conducted to determine optimum Nitrogen (N) rate for maize at different planting spacings in intercropping pattern with peanut in dryland of Makariki Village, Central Maluku. The experiments were arranged in a Split Plot Design with 3 (three) replicates. The main plot was maize spacing, namely: (i) J1 = 80 x 25 cm, 6 rows of maize, 2 rows of peanut, (ii) J2 = 160 x 25 cm, 3 rows of maize, 4 rows of peanut, and (iii) J3 = 240 x 25 cm, 2 rows of maize, 6 rows of peanut. The sub-plot was N rate (kg/ha), namely: (i) N0 = 0-0-0, (ii) N1 = 45-50-60, (iii) N2 = 90-50-60, (iv) N3 = 135-50-60, and (v) N4 = 180-50-60. The results showed that plant height, cob circle and yield of maize grown at different planting spacings in intercropping patterns in Makariki, Central Maluku affected by N fertilizer application. The application of N fertilizer increased growth and yield of maize by following a quadratic pattern. The use of maize spacing of J1 (80 x 25 cm) in intercropping with peanut requires the addition of the optimum N rate of 302 kg urea/ha, which gave the highest maize yield (t/ha) compared with other planting spacings.
ANALISIS RAGAM GABUNGAN LINTAS LOKASI PEMUPUKAN PADI SAWAH DI KABUPATEN GOWA SULAWESI SELATAN
Authors: Herniwatin Nfn
Published: September 2017

The combined analysis of variance is a method to analyze the interaction between treatments and the environments, conducted in farmers' fields. The combined analysis of variance across locations based on the assessment data of organic and inorganic fertilizer is with the model Yijk = u + Li + δik + Tj + ( LT ) ij + εijk conducted in Gowa from April to August 2012. The combined analysis can be applied as a test method of fertilization on farmers land that have different characteristics as to accommodate the influence of the land, treatments, and their interactions. The use of combined analysis of variance reveals the real effect of a single factor of fertilization, land factors, and their interaction, to several yield components, but to the component of growth there was no interaction between the two. It can be seen that the combined application of organic manures with inorganic fertilizers can increase rice production. Interaction between land 1 ( L1 ) with organic fertilizer of 5 t / ha + 200 kg Urea/ha + 300 kg NPK / ha ( T4 ) gave the highest paddy production (8,23 t / ha).
EFEKTIVITAS DAN PERILAKU PETANI DALAM MEMANFAATKAN TEKNOLOGI INFORMASI BERBASIS CYBER EXTENSION
Authors: Amin Muh
Published: September 2017

Information technology based on cyber extension is one of agricultural communication tools to achieve farmers welfare. Cyber extension is a technology innovation to accelerate communication of agricultural information to the user , so that information can be obtained more quickly, precisely and relevant to farmer demands.The study aimed to analyze the effectiveness and behavior of farmers in using cyber extension as a medium of communication and information in support of agricultural development. The study method was survey with 86 farmer as sample respondents. The data were analyzed descriptively and using path analysis. The results show that the effectiveness of cyber extension is influenced by the farmer characteristics, farmers interaction and farmer perception. The effectiveness of cyber extension is the most strongly influenced by farmer characteristics (coefficient rate 0.328 ), and can be seen from the availability of information technology facilities and motivation of farmers to seek required information for farming activities. On the other hand, farmer's behavior is directly influenced by farmer perception and farmer effectiveness in using cyber extension. In addition, cyber extension is strongly effective to influence farmer behaviour with a coefficient of 0.413.
PENDUGAAN PARAMETER GENETIK PADA PERSILANGAN DIALEL BEBERAPA TETUA CABAI (Capsicum annuum L.)
Authors: Dalimunthe Sri Romaito
Published: September 2017

High genetic diversity in chili is the basis for a chili breeding program. One of the methods to increase diversity is through crossing. There are several crossing designs in order to produce new varieties, such as diallel crossing. Diallel analysis is a method for studying the inheritance of characteristics from various crossings. The aim of this research was to estimate the genetic parameters, the general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) of six inbred lines of chili. The research was conducted in November 2008-May 2009 at the Experimental Farm Leuwikopo IPB. Genetic materials used were six inbred lines of chili (IPB C2, IPB C9, IPB C10, IPB C14, IPB C15 and IPB C20) and the F1s of the combination of six inbred lines. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design with a single factor, namely genotype. The number of genotypes were 36 with three replications, so there were 108 units of experiment. The crossing design used was diallel crossing design. The results showed that there were no interaction between genes on the dichotomous height and fruit weight, significant additive effects, the control genes spread unevenly, and relatively high heritability values. Genotype which carried recessive genes the most was IPB C14 and genotype which carried the most dominant genes was IPB C10. IPB C10 showed the highest GCA for dichotomous height and IPB C2 showed the highest GCA on fruit weight. The crossing between IPB C2 x IPB C10 showed the highest SCA for dichotomous height. For fruit weight, crossing of IPB C2x IPB C14 had the highest SCA. Crossing combination of IPB C2 x IPB C14 was the best hybrid.
DISEMINASI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI PERTANIAN MELALUI PORTAL WEB BADAN PENELITIAN DAN PENGEMBANGAN PERTANIAN
Authors: Gartina Dhani
Published: September 2017

The Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) has the mandates of creating and disseminating agricultural technology innovations. The dissemination process of the agricultural technology innovations has not yet been maximized, and consequently not many people (farmers) can benefit from the R&D results. Technology innovation dissemination through a web portal has become IAARD’s choice. Problems related to dissemination through a web portal is in the method of presenting and managing the information in the web site. This research aimed to determine the benefits of dissemination of agricultural technology innovation through web site and policy strategies for the development of Balitbangtan web portal in the future. This research used a descriptive method to review the use of the web portal by the visitors, as a medium for the dissemination. The analysis included the number of visitors, profile of the visitors, information search and questions submitted by visitors. The study showed that the amount of information presented every year increased, but the number of visitors tended to decrease. The use of information given in the web portal was only dominated by students and private sectors. Java Island tended to dominate the origin of visitors. Packaging of the information of agricultural technology innovation can only be understood by researchers. Information support from researchers/extensions/engineers needs to be improved. A well-developed communication between the source of information and the user has not yet been established. The development of IAARD web portal needs to pay attention on philosophy, science, and art.
METODOLOGI AREA FRAME UNTUK PENGUKURAN PRODUKTIVITAS PADI DI KABUPATEN GARUT
Authors: Chafid Mohammad
Published: September 2017

The statistical method for measuring rice productivity by the CBS is based on sample frame of households. At the implementation of this method, problems were encountered in terms of accuracy in the spread of the sample, the result is often debatable in applying the method in the field survey. To answer these problems, a survey of rice productivity has been developed through land survey framework approach or the method known as Area Frame Method. The purpose of this survey was to test the frame methodology for measuring frame rice productivity, and compare the results of the survey area rice productivity using area frames with the household listing conducted regularly by the CBS. The development of this method was expected to be used for problems that arise in the current method by considering the geographical conditions, the type of irrigation and government policies in order to increase production. Frame Area method has been tested in Cianjur (in 2012) and Garut (in 2013) in the province of West Java. Number of Mesh (land area 1,000 m x 1,000 m on the map ) in Garut was 120 Mesh. Each mesh was divided into five plots, so that the number of plots in Garut were 600 plots. Selection of sample plots was done by combining Systematic Random Sampling and Simple Random Sampling. The results of the trial method in the area of Garut showed that the productivity of upland and lowland rice were statistically significantly different as well as there were differences in the productivity of irrigated and non-irrigated lands, and there was no difference in the productivity of paddy land as recommended by the government with the conventional. However, the results of statistical tests on rice productivity of Area Method with the official method of CBS in Garut were not significantly different. This may imply that the sample selection method for measuring current productivity (CBS Method) can still be used, but it needs refinement to make the distribution of the samples stratified by altitude, stratification by type of irrigation and by the involvement of farmers who joined a government program
RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PAKAR PENANGGULANGAN PENYAKIT KEDELAI
Authors: Astuti Indah Puji , Hermadi Irman , Buono Agus , Mutaqin Kikin H
Published: September 2017

Early detection and identification of soybean diseases is important to support better productivity of soybean. The demand for the availability of an expert on soybean disease is very high, especially for the beginners in the field of agriculture. However, the number and time allocation of the experts are not adequate to serve farmers located in different geographical areas. Therefore, an expert system is proposed as a solution to use as a diagnostic tool for soybean diseases just like a human expert. It will be even easier when the system is implemented into an Android-based application to be used anywhere and anytime. The objective of this study was to analyze and design an expert system for early identification of soybean diseases. This study was adopting the Expert System Development Life Cycle (ESDLC) approach. The stages were project initialization, knowledge engineering process, and implementation. The study was started with the project initialization phase that conducted in September 2014 and the completion of the implementationphase in August 2015. The results of research were in the form of document analysis and prototype system.
APLIKASI MODEL REGRESI STEP WISE DALAM PENENTUAN HASIL JAGUNG PUTIH
Authors: Andayani Nining Nurini , Aqil Muhammad , Syuryawati NFN
Published: September 2017

White corn is a source of functional food, particularly in dry land and dry climate environments. Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD) has released six white corn varieties with various characteristics with wide adaptation area. Breeding programs for developing high yielding white maize varieties is conducted by a series of steps including evaluation of agronomic characteristics of lines/varieties. The objective of the research was to test the applicability of step wise regression model to determine/select agronomic variables that significantly contributed to the yield of white corn. Research was conducted in rainy season 2012 at Muneng experimental station, East Java Province. Maize parental plants used were the result of crossing CML140 x CML264Q lines namely Bima Putih. A total of 14 variables were tested for their significances to maize yield. SPSS and Microstat software were used to calculate the best variables that contributed to the yield significantly. The results showed that among 14 variables involved in the calculation, there were five variables that contributed to the yield, namely: weight of cob at harvest (x5), ratio of the weight of dry grain to the total cob weight (x9), the seed moisture content (x6), and number of ears (x4). Regression models generated from step wise screening was y=-4,33+0,763x5+0,1009x11+0,104x9-1,22x6+0,016x4. The coefficient of determination (R2 ) of the model was 0.99, indicating the ability of the regression model to fit the data. This showed that the five independent variables included in the model were the main variables in determining the outcome of hybrid seed Bima Putih-1. This result could be further used as reference to conduct parameter screening to produce high yielding white maize