bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
No caminho para a escola
Authors: Mantovani Paula Maria , Strachulski Juliano
Published: September 2020

O presente estudo objetiva compreender a percepção e representação das paisagens, no caminho para a escola, observadas pelos estudantes da 3ª série do ensino médio do Colégio Estadual Papa João XXIII em Alto Piquiri - PR. Com esse intuito, a pesquisa foi colocada em prática a partir da realização de conversas informais, aplicação de um questionário e confecção de mapas mentais pelos estudantes. A partir das atividades, foi possível verificar que a compreensão da paisagem, sua percepção e os sentimentos a ela referidos, mostram que as concepções de mundo dos alunos, refletidas pelas paisagens, estão atreladas a elementos materiais e, com mais ênfase, imateriais. Já a representação das paisagens, mediante elaboração dos mapas mentais pelos alunos, privilegiou suas vivências, sentidos particulares e sentimentos, muito mais que um produto cartográfico, em que certos elementos podem estar no centro ou nas margens da folha, maiores ou menores, devido aos significados que recebem. Ao se trabalhar com as paisagens vivenciadas cotidianamente pelos alunos, torna-se possível que aprendam com as suas reflexões, a partir do que escreveram, falaram e desenharam, estimulando um olhar crítico e mais profundo sobre a realidade.
O Espaço: esse (des)conhecido produto social
Authors: Santos Igor Rafael Torres
Published: September 2020

Contrapondo a formalidade científica que aliena o espaço da prática social e o reduz a um mero dado em suas análises de pesquisa, procuraremos neste texto reafirmar a noção do espaço como um produto social, assim como de sua relevância para a reprodução da moderna sociedade capitalista. Tendo o materialismo dialético como recurso teórico-metodológico de análise, nosso percurso argumentativo também se fará a partir da própria superação da racionalidade que obscurece o entendimento sobre a natureza do espaço e o toma como pura idealidade.
Da luta “pela” terra a luta “na” terra: a trajetória dos assentados de Zumbi dos Palmares, Mato Grosso
Authors: Miorin Vera Maria Favila , Oliveira Iolanda Lopes de , Sturza José Adolfo Iiriam
Published: September 2020

O rural brasileiro sempre foi marcado por um histórico de desigualdades sociais,   revelando  séculos de favorecimento à formação de latifúndios. Esse cenário propiciou um crescente movimento de lutas pela terra em todo país.  Diante desta realidade o presente trabalho tem por objetivo discutir esse processo de luta pela terra e de luta na terra  através da análise do Assentamento Zumbi dos Palmares no estado de Mato Grosso. O assentamento localizado no município de Dom Aquino, região sudeste do estado,  foi fixado em um local em que as condições não permitem maior desenvolvimento, dificultando a reprodução social e econômica dos lotes familiares e consequentemente a permanência das famílias no assentamento. Através de uma metodologia baseada na observação participante e na utilização de questionarios e entrevistas foi possivel compreender melhor como todo esse movimento se deu em suas particularidades. Caracteristicas que por vezes acabam se revelando parte de um cenario nacional ao se analisar os assentamentos rurais de nosso país
Deitado em berço esplendido: O sonho de Brasil potência, os projetos governamentais de desenvolvimento para a Amazônia na segunda metade do século XX e seus impactos para o século XXI
Authors: Neto Vitale Joanoni , Souza Leidiane Gomes de
Published: September 2020

Esse artigo tem por objetivo provocar uma reflexão sobre os impactos produzidos pela implantação dos projetos e programas governamentais na Amazônia Legal, sobretudo a partir da década de 1964 sob o discurso desenvolvimentista e de proteção à internacionalização da floresta. Desse modo, nos propusemos a analisar os planos traçados e implantados pelos militares e continuados pelos governos democráticos, analisando seus efeitos na qualidade de vida da população envolvida. Analisamos a influência de agências como SUDAM, INCRA, programas como POLONOROESTE e grandes obras como Belo Monte a fim de contextualizar o panorama traçado ao longo das últimas décadas do que se entende por modernização e desenvolvimento do ponto de vista do Estado e seus efeitos perversos para a floresta e os que nela habitam. Tais empreendimentos favoreceram uma pequena parcela privilegiada composta de fazendeiros, empresários e grandes corporações, e trouxeram pouco ou nenhum benefício aos indicadores sociais dos estados que compõe a Amazônia Legal, principalmente as áreas “beneficiadas” com as grandes obras.
Management of the Biofuel Production Development on the Basis of Scenario Planning
Authors: Kuznetsova Inna , Balabash Olha , Semenyshena Nataliia , Karpenko Yuliya , Dudziak Oksana
Published: September 2020

The aim of the article is to substantiate the methodological approaches of scenario planning in the management of biofuel production development. The following methods were used in order to achieve the goal: cross-factor analysis, scenario planning method, expert methods, and scenario tree. The study analyzed primary energy consumption by economic sector and the total supply of primary energy by source, resulting in a declining supply of non-renewable energy sources such as oil, gas, coal and growing supply of biomass and waste, which was a source of biofuel production. The grouping of biofuel properties from the point of view of its attractiveness as an alternative energy resource was carried out. Factors that can negatively affect the pace of development of biofuel production are systematized. Dominant factors that had a critical impact on the development of biofuels have been identified: fluctuations in prices for electricity production in the traditional way, change in the popularity of greenhouse gas emission reduction programs, fluctuations in the use of electric vehicles, fluctuations in prices for fossil fuels, change in funding for programs to reduce environmental pollution and climate change. Stages of scenario planning with the use of cross-factor analysis were offered. A scenario tree model was formed. A matrix of cross-influence was constructed using expert evaluation and a scale of relations. The procedure of cross-influence and determination of dominant factors influencing the development of the activity “biofuel production” was proposed, which was characterized by the use of cross-factor analysis, which allowed assessing the probability of scenarios, establishing the interaction between them, and further calculating the expected effect from the implementation of measures. Applied research results and scenario assessments of the development potential of this area of activity can be used by entrepreneurs in the context of development and further implementation of investment projects for biofuel production.
Religion und Sexualmoral in Indien
Authors: Satish Navina T.
Published: September 2020

Western recipients the impression that Hindus, due to their religious traditions, should have an open approach to sexuality. However, this is only possible to a limited extent due to a repressive sexual morality.

This empirical study deals with the question of how today's Indians deal with their religious traditions. These have become an integral part of a postmodern Indian contemporary culture. Its main characteristic is religious tolerance. Thus, Hinduism in the 21st century becomes a consciously open concept of life.
Approximate Analytical Solution of Nonlinear Evolution Equations
Authors: Mandi Laxmikanta , Roy Kaushik , Chatterjee Prasanta
Published: September 2020

Analytical solitary wave solution of the dust ion acoustic waves (DIAWs) is studied in the frame-work of Korteweg-de Vries (KdV), damped force Korteweg-de Vries (DFKdV), damped force modified Korteweg-de Vries (DFMKdV) and damped forced Zakharov-Kuznetsov (DFZK) equations in an unmagnetized collisional dusty plasma consisting of negatively charged dust grain, positively charged ions, Maxwellian distributed electrons and neutral particles. Using reductive perturbation technique (RPT), the evolution equations are obtained for DIAWs.
Biomedical Ethics and Communicative Maxims: Case Studies in Outpatient Health
Authors: Comyn de Rothewelle Jonathan
Published: September 2020

Effectual and ethical healthcare communication is essential in medicine. Health communication not only includes taking medical histories and communicating diagnoses with patients, but its scope is also far broader. In light of recent research that suggests the importance of communication in health, this case study argues more ethical and communicative oversight that may be merited. This case study examines orthonyms associated with dental clinics. The orthonym, or proper noun, as a form of healthcare communication is a communicative practice influencing outpatient health. This communicative entity was selected as it is previously unstudied and adequately narrow so as to be analyzed without tangent. This chapter endorses the amalgamation of communicative maxims and bioethical principles as a backbone for effective and ethical healthcare communication. A framework uniting these maxims and principles is provided.
Neotectonics and Stressed State Patterns of the Sakhalin Island
Authors: Bogomolov Leonid , Sim Lidia , Kamenev Pavel
Published: September 2020

The study of neotectonics, neotectonic and modern stress of the Sakhalin has been performed by the set of methods. The scheme of modern geodynamics of the island has been constructed by the data of neotectonic activation of the faults. Three types of zones with dissimilar geodynamic conditions have been distinguished: transtension, transpression, and strike-slip (simple shift). The results of Sakhalin modern stress reconstruction based on focal mechanisms of earthquakes allowed to characterize the distribution of the stress state parameters over the island surface: the Lode-Nadai factor and the direction of axes of deviatoric compression and tension. The changes in characteristics of modern tectonic stress field have been noticed at the boundaries of regions with different regimes of modern faulting. Specific orientations of compression axes of the neotectonic stress field are proper for North Sakhalin. Therein, the directions of compression axes become northeast in contrast to the predominant sublatitude orientation on the island as a whole. The obtained data on neotectonics and inherited modern stress field are applicable to the problems of engineering geological support of oil and gas projects’ realization in the Sakhalin (new wells construction, control of the pipelines stability, accompanying urban planning, etc.).
Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: The Case of STOXX Europe Index
Authors: Gaio Cristina , Henriques Rita
Published: September 2020

The main objective of this study is to analyze whether companies that pursue corporate social responsibility (CSR)-based policies have a higher level of financial performance compared to those that do not. Additionally, we study the effect of the last financial crisis on the relationship between CSR and financial performance in order to figure out whether or not companies sharing these environmental and social concerns had higher financial performance than their peers. To do so, three empirical models are designed, combining both traditional accounting measures (return on equity and return on assets) and a measure sensible to market values (Tobin’s Q) to assess the financial performance. A sample of 266 listed companies, from 15 European countries and 14 industries, listed on the STOXX Europe 600, is analyzed. Results suggest that companies pursuing CSR policies financially outperform their peers, and these results are supported even during the financial crisis period. This study highlights the idea that companies pursuing CSR policies put a considerable effort on building a stronger corporate reputation which in turn generates short- and long-term benefits, leaving behind the idea of the traditional companies that focused only on financial performance.
Atmospheric Pollution and Atopic Dermatitis
Authors: Ananfack Gael , Ngou Temgoua Mazou , Noutakdie Tochie Joel
Published: September 2020

Atopic dermatitis is a frequent allergic dermatological disorder seen frequently in childhood. Affected patients often have a genetic predisposition and other atopic diseases like asthma, hay fever and allergic rhinitis. There are several triggering factors for atopic dermatitis among which the most recently established one is atmospheric or air pollution. The latter is due to the increased in industrialization in cities with the emission of waste products in the atmosphere as air pollutants. The role played by these pollutants in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis still remains largely unclear. This chapter elucidates the relationship between atmospheric pollution and atopic dermatitis.
Fuzzy Monte Carlo Simulation to Optimize Resource Planning and Operations
Authors: Ammar Alzarrad Mohammad
Published: September 2020

Resources planning and operations are essential concerns and specialty areas within industrial engineering and project management. Crew configuration plays a significant role in resource planning and operations. Crew configuration inefficiency is one of the most common reasons for the low productivity of manpower. Resources planning contains some inherent uncertainties and risks because it is an estimate of unknown values. Many factors affect resource planning. Some of these factors are fuzzy variables such as expert’s judgment, and some of them are random variables such as direct cost of equipment. The objective of this chapter is to present a method that combines fuzzy logic and Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) for the selection of the best crew configuration to perform a certain task. The model presented in this chapter is a joint propagation method based on both the probability theory of MCS and the possibility theory of fuzzy arithmetic. The research outcomes indicate that the presented model can reduce the duration and cost of a certain task, which will help reduce the cost and duration of the project.
Serum Creatinine, Muscle Mass, and Nutritional Status in Intensive Care
Authors: Golino Gianlorenzo , Danzi Vinicio , De Rosa Silvia
Published: September 2020

Skeletal muscle places a vital role in regulating immune function, glucose disposer, protein synthesis, and mobility. This massive dynamic reservoir of proteins, minerals, and other metabolites could be cannibalized, and a loss of skeletal muscle may predispose impaired tissue hailing and few poor immune functions. Several studies had shown the reduced survival rates and the increased hospital lengths of stay of patients who have a poor nutrition status and low muscle mass. In addition, few studies have demonstrated the effect of muscle wasting on serum creatinine. There are no data available regarding its effect on serum creatinine, and moreover, ICU-acquired myopathy is rarely recognized because of insufficient diagnostic criteria or methodological limitations. Despite these limits, serum creatinine is still considered the standard for assessing acute changes in renal function. The present chapter details the existing evidence related to the effects of nutritional status and muscle wasting on serum creatinine based on recent evidences.
Rheological Perspectives of Clay-Based Tailings in the Mining Industry
Authors: I. Jeldres Ricardo , Jeldres Matías
Published: September 2020

The mining industry faces a significant problem in regions with water scarcity and has had to put in place new strategies to preserve its environmental and economic sustainability. An attractive option in recent years has been the direct use of seawater, avoiding the construction of reverse osmosis plants to desalinate. But, some operational complexities are the subject of discussion and research for engineers; for example, the difficulties by the high presence of complex gangues like clays and the location of the plants, far from the coast and at high altitude. The latter requires high investments in pumping, the only option in some cases. In this scenario, it is imperative to improve the efficiency of water use and advance to effective closures of water circuits. A critical stage is the thickening that allows water to be recovered from the tailings, reusing it in upstream operations. However, the performance of the tailings management is usually limited by the rheological properties of the thickened slurries, which impact on the discharge from the underflow of the thickeners, pumping energy costs, disposal on the tailings storage facilities (TSFs). This text describes the consequences caused by a saline medium on the rheological properties of clay-based tailings, analysing scenarios that allow tackling this operation.
DFT and Molecular Docking Studies of a Set of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs: Propionic Acid Derivatives
Authors: Hussan Kodakkat Parambil Safna , Asharaf Thozhuvana Parambil Hisana , Parammal Hamza Shahina , Thirumangalath Parameswaran Anjali , Shahin Thayyil Mohamed , Karuvanthodi Muraleedharan
Published: September 2020

Inflammation is the body’s defense mechanism to eradicate the spread of injurious agents in the affected mammalian tissues with a number of cellular mediators. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most commonly used drugs worldwide in such situations. The mode of action of the non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is attributed primarily to the inhibition of prostaglandin (PG) synthesis, and more specifically, to the inhibition of the COX enzyme system. This work can be considered as an effort to gain a deeper insight into the physiochemical properties of a few well-known NSAIDs namely; ketoprofen, fenoprofen, flurbiprofen and ibuprofen. A quantum computational approach was used to predict geometry, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), polarizability, hyperpolarizability and molecular docking study of all selected NSAIDs with human COX-1 and COX-2 enzymes were done to predict the most active drug among the four and to demonstrate good selectivity profile with COX enzymes.
Relationship between Economic Growth, Unemployment, Inflation and Current Account Balance: Theory and Case of Turkey
Authors: Dayıoğlu Tuğba , Aydın Yılmaz
Published: September 2020

The relations between economic growth, unemployment, inflation and current account balance are analyzed theoretically and different comments on theoretical approaches are discussed in the study. Accordingly, while the unemployment-inflation relationship is considered with Phillips analysis and the scope of the growth-unemployment with Okun Law, the interaction between the current account balance and growth is shown with the equality of national income accounting. After the theoretical approaches described in detail with shared data and interpreted for Turkey. This study also examines the relation between the unemployment, inflation, economic growth, current account deficit with symmetric and asymmetric reserved causality tests were examined for the 2000Q1 − 2020Q4 period. The asymmetric hidden causality relationships between the series were researched with Hatemi-J (2012) method based on Toda-Yamamoto (1995) test in this study. When the relationship between the growth rate and the unemployment rate are examined between these years in Turkey it is observed that there is an inverse relationship between growth and unemployment, especially during crisis periods. After that to find this relationship we used symmetric and asymmetric causality. As a result of the estimates growth also has a one-way symmetrical causality relationship from negative shocks to negative inflation shocks. When the relationship between them is viewed only with one-way or two-way causality, there may be no relationship so the causality must be checked asymmetrically even to catch the assumption of the Okun’s law correctly for Turkey.
Effective Leadership in the 21st Century: Lessons for the Tourism Sector in the African Continent
Authors: Pearl Siyanda Sifolo Portia
Published: September 2020

Although Africa has been one of the world’s fastest growing tourism regions, when comparing it to the rest of the world, tourism still lags behind. Tourism is a dynamic and a competitive industry that continues to develop whilst the tourists’ preferences are changing. Consequently, leading and managing in the tourism sector is of great importance, particularly in the 21st century. The purpose of this paper is to explore leadership concepts to draw lessons for the tourism sector in the African continent. Leadership in the African continent remains questionable and controversial; the nature of effective leadership has been the subject of great debate. The findings reveal the prominent African leadership concepts from Ubuntu, Culturally embedded values, Communalism, Common good and Paternalism as some of the existing leadership concepts that could be applicable to an effective leader in the 21st century in the tourism sector in Africa.
Lomber Disk Hernisi Cerrahisinde Uygulanan Farklı Anestezi Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırılması
Authors: DOĞAN Erdal
Published: September 2020

Giriş: Lomber disk hernisi cerrahisi beyin cerrahisi pratiğinde sık yapılan ameliyatlardan biri olup sıklıkla genel anestezi altında yapılmaktadır. Genel anesteziye alternatif yöntem olan spinal anestezi, tüm spinal cerrahi işlemlerinde uygulanabildiği gibi pek çok avantaja sahiptir. Kliniğimizde lomber disk hernisi cerrahisinde uygulanan farklı anestezi yöntemlerinin etkinliklerini karşılaştırmayı amaçladık.

Yöntemler: Bu çalışma hastane yönetimi onayı alındıktan sonra anesteziyoloji ve reanimasyon kliniğinde yapılmıştır. Kliniğimizde Mart 2017–Temmuz 2019 tarihleri arasında lomber disk hernisi nedeni ile spinal ya da genel anestezi altında elektif olarak opere edilen, ASA I-III, 18-70 yaş arası 234 hasta dosyaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastaların demografik verileri, ameliyat süresileri, ilk mobilizasyon zamanları, efedrin yapılan hasta sayısı, postoperatif deksketorofen tüketimleri, postoperatif tramadol tüketimleri, herniasyon seviyeleri, spinal anestezi blok başarı oranı ve post spinal baş ağrısı gelişen hasta sayısı, hemodinamik parametreleri, operasyon anında ya da sonrasında gelişen komplikasyonlar kaydedildi.

Bulgular: Toplamda 234 hasta çalışmaya dahil edildi. Bu hastalardan 212 tanesi spinal anestezi, 22 tanesi genel anestezi altında ameliyat oldu. 3 hastada post spinal başağrısı gelişti. Postoperatif ilk analjezik ihtiyacı zamanı, total deksketorofen tüketimi, total tramadol tüketimi ve ameliyat süresi spinal anestezi grubunda anlamlı bir şekilde daha düşük bulundu.

Sonuç: Lomber disk cerrahisinde spinal anestezi etkili, güvenli ve iyi bir postoperatif ağrı konforu sağlamakla birlikte, ameliyatın uzun sürmemesinin beklendiği tek seviye herniasyonlarda daha yaygın bir şekilde kullanılabileceği düşüncesindeyiz.
Diversité et répartition des faunes de Mollusques continentaux de France : l’héritage du Quaternaire
Authors: LIMONDIN-LOZOUET Nicole
Published: September 2020

Les études de malacofaunes continentales pour la reconstitution des paléoenvironnements quaternaires se sont beaucoup développées en France au cours des dernières décennies. La constitution d’un corpus important de données permet aujourd’hui de proposer des synthèses sur l’évolution de la répartition des espèces et de la diversité du groupe depuis 2,5 millions d’années, pour la partie nord du territoire. À l’échelle des centaines de milliers d’années la cyclicité climatique (alternance des phases glaciaires et interglaciaires) s’avère être un facteur majeur de la distribution des Mollusques continentaux. Nombres de disjonctions d’aires de distribution ou de répartitions limitées actuellement sont directement héritées des effets de la cyclicité climatique quaternaire. La comparaison des périodes tempérées, les plus riches en diversité spécifique, montre une baisse significative du nombre d’espèces, en particulier des forestières, depuis le Pléistocène moyen. Au cours de la dernière phase tempérée, l’Holocène, l’impact plurimillénaire de l’anthropisation est enregistré par les successions malacologiques dès 4500 av. J.C. Il se marque dans la composition des cortèges par l’essor des espèces de milieu ouvert et une forte baisse de la diversité spécifique qui se généralise dans les vallées à partir de 1500 av. J.C. Par ailleurs peu d’expansions d’aires de distribution d’espèces, liées à l’anthropisation des paysages, sont détectées avant l’ère industrielle.
Adulting Shorts: An Interview Tale, PART 1
Authors:   Transitions ACR
Published: September 2020

Part 1 of the Transitions to Adulthood Center for Research's An Interview Tale Comic demonstrates questions that an interviewer can and cannot ask someone during an interview. Please see our tip sheet, "Do I Tell My Boss?: Disclosing My Mental Health Condition at Work" for more information.
L’humiliation en action
Authors: Aoun Elena
Published: September 2020

Cet article reprend à son compte le concept d’humiliation que B. Badie analyse comme pathologie des relations internationales contemporaines et l’applique au Moyen-Orient actuel. Focalisé sur les pratiques des puissances occidentales porteuses de l’ordre normatif contemporain, l’argument central est que les politiques adoptées dans les contextes volatils des années 2000 et 2010 sont productrices d’humiliation et, par conséquent, d’instabilité. Mettant en lumière les différentes sources de cette humiliation et la multiplicité d’échelles sur lesquelles elle opère, cet article analyse les apports d’une lecture badienne des turbulences que traverse la région. Il propose également de la compléter par une perspective postcoloniale située dans la continuité de la critique de l’orientalisme proposée par Edward Saïd. Cette perspective permet de mieux comprendre les relations de pouvoir qu’expriment les politiques génératrices d’humiliation. Ce faisant, elle contribue à désessentialiser le regard souvent porté sur cette région, ses populations et sa conflictualité.
Book of the Wars of the Lord (Num. 21:14–20)
Authors: Steiner Richard C.
Published: September 2020

Num. 21:14 contains one of the most enigmatic phrases in the Pentateuch בּסוּ ָפה  The usual interpretations of ֶאת turn the phrase into gibberish because they require the presence of a verb, which is nowhere to be found. Some scholars have supplied an understood verb; others have resorted to emendation. A better solution is available: ֶאת in our passage is a verb masquerading as a preposition. It is easily construed, without the slightest change, as an archaic apocopated/biliteral imperative of א-ת-י, meaning “come!”

This construal of ֶאת transforms our understanding of Num. 21:14–20 in many ways. For example, it reveals that ַעל־ ֵכּן יֵָא ַמר ְבּ ֵסֶפר ִמ ְלֲחמ ֹת הʹ ֶאת־ָו ֵהב , “On account of that, it is said in the Book of the Wars of the Lord, ‘Come to (Mount) Waheb’,” bears a striking resemblance to ַעל־ ֵכּן י ֹא ְמרוּ ַהמּ ֹ ְשׁ ִלים בּ ֹאוּ ֶח ְשׁבּוֹן , “On account of that, the bards say, ‘Come to Heshbon’,” thirteen verses later. More generally, the new construal, taken together with some pertinent geographic, ethnographic, and hydrologic facts, makes possible a new, more coherent reading of the entire passage.
Accuracy Implementation of Medical Record Management Information System with Waterfall Design System and ISO 9126
Authors: Widiyanto Wahyu Wijaya , Wulandari Sri
Published: September 2020

Aims: Based on the observations of researchers, some health facilities still use manual processes / have not been documented by the information system resulting in slow service, this study aims to improve health services with a medical record information system.

Methodology: The method used in this study is an analysis of information systems with the waterfall method and accuracy testing with ISO 9126.

Results: The results of this medical record management information system run well based on black-box testing and white box results obtained both from an average value of 82 based on the ISO 9126 scale conversion table.

Conclusion: Based on the results of the average value obtained from the validation test carried out on 3 expert examiners, it can be concluded that the application for the validation system for the validation and distribution of this letter has met the ISO 9126 standard with an average good interpretation of a total value of 82, and according to be able to simplify the process of Patient Medical Record Data Management without neglecting the safety aspects of the validation and distribution process, minimizing data loss, simplifying the reporting process and facilitating the processing of patient medical record data.
Assessing Taro (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) Leaf Blight Incidence, Severity, and Farmers’ Knowledge of the Disease in Fako Division of Cameroon
Authors: Takor Mandah Cicelia , Monono Ekwa Yawa , Ntane Ojong Agbor , Ngale Jemimah Evenye , Fontem Lum A.
Published: September 2020

Taro leaf blight (TLB), a major disease of taro plant caused by Phytophthora colocasiae, a pseudo-fungus, that occurs in many taro producing areas, especially in the South West of Cameroon. A Survey was conducted to assess farmers’ knowledge, as well as to determine the incidence and the severity of the disease in taro fields. Structured questionnaires were administered in selected locations (Bokova, Ekona, Muea, Mile 16, Mutengene, and Likomba) of taro production. Two farms were selected with two quadrats of 64 m2 each were carved to assess disease incidence and severity on taro. The number of plants infected with taro leaf blight were counted and the area of the affected leaves measured was used to evaluate the disease incidence and disease severity. Data collected were subjected to ANOVA for complete randomized design and the means were compared using Tukey test at 0.05 probability levels. The results revealed that most of the farmers could identify the disease while practicing cultural methods in controlling the disease. The results also revealed significant differences (p = 0.001) in disease incidence and disease severity in all the localities, with Mile 16 showing the highest percentage mean of 96.53% and 85.59%, respectively. The severity scored showed high infection range of 3 – 3.95 in all locations except in Likomba (2.60).  It could be concluded from the results that there were high prevalence of taro leaf blight disease in Fako Division. Good management strategies are therefore required to control Taro leaf blight and improve taro production in the area.
Knowledge, Attitude and Barriers to Ethical Aspects of Biomedical Research by Medical Practitioners in a Tertiary Hospital
Authors: Young Ekenechukwu E. , Ijoma Uchenna N. , Okafor Chinyere N. , Nwatu Chidinma B.
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Ethical norms in research promote the aims of research such as knowledge, truth and avoidance of error. Observing ethics in clinical research is very important and this should be well known by all health care practitioners. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge of doctors working in a tertiary hospital about research ethics and the barriers they encounter in the ethical conduct of research.

Materials and Methods: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted among 215 doctors in a tertiary hospital in Nigeria to determine their knowledge of the concepts of ethics in research, their research practices and perceived barriers to ethical conduct of research. Data obtained was analysed with SPSS v 20 and reported as Tables and charts. Chi square was used to test for differences between categorical variables and a P value < .05 was regarded as significant.

Results: There were 108 consultants, while the rest were medical officers and resident doctors. The consultants were more active in research and 42% had between ten to fourteen published articles. There was fairly adequate knowledge of the 5 concepts of research ethics tested, with 90% who had knowledge of GCP. Common perceived barriers to ethical research conduct were poor funding and cultural beliefs.

Conclusion: There remains a gap between knowledge of ethical research conduct and actual practice. This should be addressed by improved sensitization and oversight by the regulatory agencies and the IEC.
An Analysis of the Flood-Prone Areas in Birnin Kebbi, Using Remote Sensing and GIS
Authors: Muktar Abdullahi , Yelwa Sadiq A.
Published: September 2020

Aim: To identify settlements that are vulnerable to flooding within River Rima floodplain in Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Study Design: A flood vulnerability test was conducted by observing the relationship between the locations of settlements on the floodplain and elevation data, considering previous flooding events.

Place and Duration of Study: The study covers Birnin Kebbi Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Methodology: This study uses Digital Elevation Model DEM obtained by The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM). The Geographical Information System (GIS) technique (Map Overlay) was used where DEM was overplayed by settlement location (point data). Similarly, 3D view was used to confirm the result.

Conclusion: The result shows that 12 settlements in Birnin Kebbi LGA were located at the lower altitude (<207m) with close proximity from the river channel. Therefore, the settlements and the surrounding farmlands become vulnerable to flooding.

Recommendations: It was recommended that the settlements should be relocated to higher ground for safety. Local farmers should use species of rice that can survive longer time when submerged by water. The Environmental Monitoring Agencies should include detailed images showing affected areas in their publications.
Clues for the Diagnosis of Accommodative Excess and Its Treatment with a Vision Therapy Protocol
Authors: Baños Carmelo , Zabalo Eneko , Sánchez Irene
Published: September 2020

Introduction: Accommodative and vergence dysfunctions are the most common vision disorders in the pediatric population with a prevalence of up to 30%, and patients with these dysfunctions usually have symptoms at near distances that could affect academic results. This study is the retrospective assessment of accommodative excess cases and aims to find a pattern in optometric exams to help diagnose accommodative excess without cycloplegic drugs. Furthermore, this study assesses the utility of a vision therapy protocol as accommodative excess treatment.

Methodology: A retrospective study was conducted with 24 patients who were diagnosed with accommodative excess and completed all sessions of the vision therapy protocol. The vision therapy protocol was organized into 8-12 sessions. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23.0. Wilcoxon nonparametric paired tests were used to compare the clinical values between visits.

Results: In total, 24 patients with accommodative excess were included in the retrospective study. The pairwise comparisons of sphere values obtained with the different refraction methods without cycloplegic drugs found statistically significant differences (P< 0.01). Statistically significant differences (P< 0.01) were shown in the sphere values obtained from subjective refraction, visual acuity tests, near point of convergence and stereopsis between the diagnosis visit and the post-vision therapy protocol visit, with better values post-therapy.

Conclusion: Variations in the sphere values could be clues for accommodative excess if a double condition is given, the retinoscopy results are more positive than the subjective refraction findings (>0.60D) and are more positive than the values obtained with an auto refractor (>1.75D).
Life Cycle Cost Study Comparison Of Air Conditioning System At Q Building Petra Christian University Surabaya
Authors: Santoso Devina Kartika , Priatman Jimmy , Mediastika Christina Eviutami
Published: September 2020

Global warming has been increasing since last 5th years. This problem emerged because of the development of highrise building these days. In a building, air conditioning system has the largest percentage of building’s energy consumption, 55-65% of total building’s energy consumption. An efficient and economic air-conditioning system is needed to save energy and operational cost as much as possible. Life cycle cost analysis is conducted to evaluate the air conditioning system by comparing some alternatives system. The datas are retrieved from building management and some supplier, also mechanical and electrical contractors. This research is conducted by calculating the investment cost (C), operational cost (O), maintenance and replacement cost (R), and salvage value (S). Before calculating life cycle cost, all cost is converted with annual worth method. Life cycle cost evaluation is capable to save operational cost up to 34%.
Identification of Extreme Risk Factors for Construction Time and Cost Performance in Surabaya Housing
Authors: Wijaya Joshua , Nugraha Paulus , Rahardjo Jani
Published: September 2020

The importance level of risk throughout the construction progress is apparently inherit tendermous impact on the ultimate project performance and client satisfaction. Such determination level of risk in terms of frequency, time risk as well as cost effect to be perceived from two perspectives, owner and contractor, is inventably crucial to be researched, primarily for housing construction in Surabaya. This study was conducted by applying a survey through some questionnaires to observe 30 risks that have been identified from the previous literature. Total respondents involved were 69 respondents consisting of 29 respondents representing the owner / developer and 40 respondents representing the contractor. The results of this research, as from owners’ perspective, shows bad weather was the most common risk, followed by contractors’ financial difficulties which has the utmost impact on time and increasing material price takes major part on costs respectively. Whereas according to the contractor, design changes from consultants / owners are the most frequent risks, design changes from consultants / owners have prominent impact on time and lastly worker productivity also siginificantly reinforces expense factor.
Effect of Residential Preferences on the Willingness to Pay for Residential with Near Toll Road Gate in Surabaya
Authors: Pranoto Victor Winata , Njo Anastasia
Published: September 2020

This study targeted to investigate whether factor of physical condition, planning concept offered, location, and financial affect the willingness to pay for residential with near toll road gate in Surabaya and also find out the percentage of willingness to pay for residential with near toll road gate in Surabaya. The samples are people who have intention of buying residential or have puchase residential in Surabaya and in productive age. The data analysis method used is Partial Least Square (PLS) using the Smart PLS program. The results of this analysis showed that physical condition, planning concept offered and location affect the willingess to pay for residential with near toll road gate in Surabaya, while financial not significantly affect. For willingness to pay residential with near toll road gate in Surabaya, most of them answer between 0-10%.
Blastochloris
Authors: Imhoff Johannes F.
Published: September 2020

Blas.to.chlo'ris. Gr. masc. n.
blastos
bud shoot; Gr. masc. adj.
chloros
green; N.L. fem. n.
Blastochloris
green bud shoot.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Rhizobiales / Hyphomicrobiaceae / Blastochloris

Blastochloris
species are anoxygenic phototrophic Alphaproteobacteria that have bacteriochlorophyll
b
in their photosynthetic reaction centers. Crystals of the photosynthetic reaction centers of
Blastochloris viridis
were the first that have been studied in high‐resolution structure analysis at 3 Å resolution. Internal photosynthetic membranes are present as lamellae underlying and parallel to the cytoplasmic membrane. Cells are rod shaped to ovoid and exhibit polar growth, budding, and asymmetric cell division and form rosette‐like cell aggregates. They are motile by means of subpolar flagella and stain Gram‐negative. Straight‐chain monounsaturated C
18:1
is the predominant component of cellular fatty acids. Ubiquinones and menaquinones are present, and the lipopolysaccharides are characterized by a 2,3‐diamino‐2,3‐deoxy‐
d
‐glucose (DAG)‐containing, phosphate‐free lipid A with amide‐bound C
14:0 3OH
.

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 63.8–68.3.

Type species
:
Blastochloris viridis
(Drews and Giesbrecht 1966) Hiraishi 1997 (
Rhodopseudomonas viridis
Drews and Giesbrecht 1966).
Chromohalobacter
Authors: Ventosa Antonio , de la Haba Rafael R.
Published: September 2020

Chro.mo.ha.lo.bac'ter. Gr. neut. n.chromacolor; Gr. masc. n.hals halosthe sea, salt; N.L. masc. n.bacterrod; N.L. masc. n.Chromohalobactercolored salt rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Oceanospirillales / Halomonadaceae / Chromohalobacter

The genusChromohalobacteris classified within the familyHalomonadaceaeand the orderOceanospirillalesin the classGammaproteobacteria. The cells are Gram‐stain‐negative, motile, and non‐endospore‐forming rods. Colonies are cream, yellow, white, brown, or black pigmented. Chemoorganotrophic. Strictly aerobic or facultatively anaerobic and catalase‐positive. Moderately halophilic. Optimal growth at 7.5–12.5% (w/v) NaCl, at pH 7.0–8.0 and 28–37°C. The predominant cellular fatty acids are C16:0,C19:0cyclo ω8c, C18:1ω7c, and C12:03‐OH. The predominant respiratory quinone is Q‐9. The DNA G + C content is 56.1–66.0 mol%. Currently, the genus includes eight species:Chromohalobacter marismortui(type species of the genus),Chromohalobacter beijerinckii,Chromohalobacter canadensis,Chromohalobacter israelensis,Chromohalobacter japonicus,Chromohalobacter nigrandesensis,Chromohalobacter salexigens, andChromohalobacter sarecensis. The strains of these species were isolated from salt lakes, salterns, and other saline habitats or salted foods.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 56.1–66.0.

Type species:Chromohalobacter marismortui(ex Elazari‐Volcani 1940) Ventosa et al. 1989VP.
Actinobacillus
Authors: Blackall Patrick J. , Turni Conny
Published: September 2020

Ac.ti.no.ba.cil'lus. Gr. fem. n.actisa ray; L. dim. masc. n.bacillusa small staff or rod; N.L. masc. n.Actinobacillusray bacillus or rod.

Proteobacteria / Gammaproteobacteria / Pasteurellales / Pasteurellaceae / Actinobacillus

Actinobacillusis a genus within the familyPasteurellaceae. Thesensu strictodefinition of the genusActinobacillushas been adopted for this Manual, meaning the genus comprises 10 species – Actinobacillus anseriformium, Actinobacillus arthritidis, Actinobacillus capsulatus, Actinobacillus equuli, Actinobacillus hominis, Actinobacillus lignieresii, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, Actinobacillus suis, Actinobacillus ureae, andActinobacillus vicugnae. Members of the genusActinobacillusare Gram‐negative, facultatively anaerobic, and nonmotile cells that are coccoidal or rod shaped.Most often bacillary but sometimes interspersed with coccal elements that may lie at the pole of a larger form, producing the characteristic“Morse‐code”form. Cell forms up to 6 μm in length may appear when grown on media containing glucose or maltose. Cells are single or arranged in pairs or, more rarely, in chains. Endospores are not formed. Members of the genus are not acid fast. Isolates can have both respiratory and fermentative types of metabolism. After growth for 24 h on blood agar, translucent colonies, usually 1–2 mm in diameter, appear. Surface colonies have low viability and may die in 2–7 days. Growth may be very sticky upon primary cultivation, making it difficult to remove colonies completely from the agar surface. The optimum growth temperature is 37°C. The temperature range for growth is 25–42°C. Several species are regarded as primary pathogens of animals, while the remaining species are typically normal flora of the mucosal surfaces of the respiratory or genital tract of humans or animals with some potential to play a secondary role in disease processes under some conditions.

DNA G + C content (mol%): 39.9–41.3 (WGS).

Type species:Actinobacillus lignieresiiBrumpt 1910AL.
Dictyobacter
Authors: Yabe Shuhei , Yokota Akira
Published: September 2020

Dictyobacter
(Dic.ty.o.bac'ter. Gr. neut. n.
dictyon
net; N.L. masc. n.
bacter
rod, bacterium; N.L. masc. n.
Dictyobacter
net‐like bacterium).

Chloroflexi / Ktedonobacteria / Ktedonobacterales / Dictyobacteraceae/ Dictyobacter

Species of the genus
Dictyobacter
are Gram‐positive, mesophilic, aerobic, and heterotrophic bacteria that produce branched vegetative and thin aerial mycelia. Spores or sporangiospora in sporangia are formed. Growth occurs at 11–37°C (optimum 20–30°C). The major fatty acid is C
16:0
‐2OH, and the major menaquinone is MK‐9(H
2
) or MK‐9. The cell wall contains
d
‐glutamic acid, glycine,
l
‐alanine,
d
‐alanine, β‐alanine, and
l
‐ornithine as peptidoglycan amino acids. Polar lipid pattern always includes phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylglycerol. The major cell‐wall sugar contains arabinose, mannose, xylose, or glucose. Members of the genus were isolated from paddy soil in Indonesia, soil of the Mt. Zao volcano in Japan, and a soil‐like granular mass of microorganisms, known in Japanese as “Tengu‐no‐mugimeshi.”

DNA G + C content (mol%)
: 49.7–54.0.

Type species:
Dictyobacter aurantiacus
Yabe et al. 2017.
Thermoflavifilum
Authors: Stott Matthew B. , Houghton Karen M. , Carere Carlo R. , Hanada Satoshi
Published: September 2020

Thermoflavifilum(Ther.mo.fla.vi.phi'lum. Gr. fem. n.thermeheat; L. masc. adj.flavusyellow; L. neut. n. filum thread, filament; N.L. neut. n.Thermoflavifiluma thermophilic yellow‐pigmented filament).

Bacteroidetes / Chitinophagia / Chitinophagales / Chitinophagaceae / Thermoflavifilum

The genusThermoflavifilumis represented by two species,Thermoflavifilum aggregansandThermoflavifilum thermophilum(basonym:Crenotalea thermophila). Cells are nonmotile and yellow pigmented. Gram‐negative, catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Cells divide by binary fission. Thermophilic and moderately acidophilic. Obligately aerobic and chemoheterotrophic. Growth on saccharides and a limited selection of organic acids and proteinaceous compounds. The principal fatty acids arei15:0,i17:0, andi17:0 3‐OH. MK‐7 is the primary respiratory quinone, and DNA G + C content is between 46.0 and 46.2 mol%. Members of the classChitinophagia, familyChitinophagaceae. Genus representatives have been isolated from geothermally heated hot springs and soils in Japan and Aotearoa New Zealand.

DNA G + C content (mol%):46.0–46.2 (genome sequence).

Type species:Thermoflavifilum aggregansAnders et al. 2014VP.
Croceicoccus
Authors: Xu Xue‐Wei , Chen Can , Wu Yue‐Hong
Published: September 2020

Cro.ce.i.coc'cus. L. masc. adj.
croceus
yellow, golden; N.L. masc. n.
coccus
(from Gr. masc. n.
kokkos
), grain or berry; N.L. masc. n.
Croceicoccus
, yellow coccus, referring to a yellow coccoid‐shaped bacterium.

Proteobacteria / Alphaproteobacteria / Sphingomonadales / Erythrobacteraceae / Croceicoccus

Gram‐negative‐staining, aerobic, and coccoid or rod shaped. Catalase‐ and oxidase‐positive. Reproduces by binary division. Optimal growth typically occurs between 25 and 37°C, 0–5.0% (
w/v
) NaCl, and pH 7.0–8.0. Members of the genus can produce yellow and methanol‐soluble pigment and utilize
d
‐glucose as sole carbon and energy source. Every species is positive for alkaline phosphatase and leucine arylamidase. The major fatty acid is C
18:1
ω7
c
or summed feature 8 (C
18:1
ω7
c
and/or C
18:1
ω6
c
). The major quinone is ubiquinone 10 (Q‐10). Phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and sphingoglycolipid (SGL) are present in all species. The
Croceicoccus
species are widely distributed in various marine environments. The genus
Croceicoccus
is classified within the family
Erythrobacteraceae
and the order
Sphingomonadales
, in the class
Alphaproteobacteria
.

DNA G + C content (%)
: 62–65 (genome).

Type species:
Croceicoccus marinus
Xu et al. 2009
VP
.