bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Repair of surviving hair cells in the damaged mouse utricle
Authors: Kim Grace S. , Wang Tian , Sayyid Zahra N. , Fuhriman Jessica , Jones Sherri M. , Cheng Alan G.
Published: April 2022

Significance

The mammalian utricle shows limited hair cell regeneration despite partial recovery of function. Recovery of vestibular evoked potentials, a measure of utricular function, occurs after utricular hair cell damage in mammals. While previous work has shown limited regeneration in response to damage, most regenerating hair cells are type II with immature-appearing bundles. Whether hair cells that remain (“surviving hair cells”) can self-repair and contribute to functional recovery is unknown. Using lineage tracing, we have characterized surviving hair cells over time and found that they repair bundles, regain innervation, and remain differentiated, and are therefore poised to contribute to the recovery of organ function.
Cryoelectron microscopy of Na
+
,K
+
-ATPase in the two E2P states with and without cardiotonic steroids
Authors: Kanai Ryuta , Cornelius Flemming , Vilsen Bente , Toyoshima Chikashi
Published: April 2022

Significance

The E2P state of Na
+
,K
+
-ATPase, in which the ATPase is phosphorylated and of low affinity to Na
+
with the extracellular gate opened, shows different biochemical properties depending on whether the phosphate is transferred from ATP in the forward reaction or from inorganic phosphate (P
i
) in the backward reaction. We present here cryoelectron microscopy structures of Na
+
,K
+
-ATPase in the two E2P states, explaining their different biochemical properties established a half century ago. The new electron microscopy maps show previously unseen structural features, including unexpected binding modes of cardiotonic steroids, specific and medically important inhibitors of the ATPase, and stabilization by ATP of the E2P state.
Developing language attitudes in a second language
Authors: Schmidt Lauren B. , Geeslin Kimberly L.
Published: April 2022

The current study explores the second language(L2) acquisition of subconsciously held language attitudes. Specifically, we determine whether L2 learners perceive differences between Spanish speakers of four geographic varieties and evaluate them differently, and if these perceptions change with proficiency. Following sociolinguistic methodological practices, we administered a verbal guise task to American English-speaking learners of Spanish from four university enrollment levels. We found that the learners differentially evaluated speakers of these regional varieties across dimensions of solidarity (kindness) and standardness (prestige). We observed development across levels in the evaluation of regional varieties for prestige, while differentiations in kindness ratings remained consistent across levels. We also show that, for our highest-level group, study abroad experience may contribute to patterns of subconscious evaluation. Although one would not expect L2 classroom learners to possess native-like subconscious attitudes, the present study is an essential step in understanding how such attitudes develop in L2 acquisition.
Non-isothermal squeeze film damping in the test of gravitational inverse-square law
Authors: Ke Jun , Luo Jie , Tan Yu-Jie , Liu Zhe , Shao Cheng-Gang , Yang Shan-Qing
Published: April 2022

For the experiments of testing the Newtonian inverse-square law (ISL) at short range, we have analyzed the residual gas damping effect under the assumption of the temperature of the gas is isothermal (Ke J et al 2020 Class. Quantum. Grav.
37 205008). However, when the test mass squeezes the gas, the temperature of the gas will change accordingly and may cause additional noise. It is essential to study this phenomenon in pursuit of higher precision test of ISL. Here, we discuss the non-isothermal squeeze film damping by using the differential equations of energy conservation and change in molecular density. The results show that this kind of Brownian motion torque noise is larger than that estimated previously and is influenced by the degrees of freedom of molecules. Namely, a larger accessible distance between test bodies is needed in comparison to the internal damping of the pendulum.
Frequency-controlled dielectrophoresis-driven wetting of nematic liquid crystals
Authors: Brown Carl V , Bhadwal Akhshay S , Edwards Andrew M J , Sage Ian C , Saxena Antariksh , Mottram Nigel J
Published: April 2022

We show that surface-localized dielectrophoresis-driven wetting of anisotropic nematic liquid crystal sessile droplets obeys the same relationship,

cos

[

θ

(

V
o

)

]

=
cos

[

θ
Y

]

−
β

V
o
2

, which has previously been found for isotropic liquid droplets, even though the nematic liquid crystal phase possesses a uniaxial dielectric permittivity tensor. We also demonstrate that the dielectrowetting coefficient

β

, which determines the magnitude of the reduction in the contact angle, from

θ
Y

to

θ

V
o

, through the action of a potential difference

V
o

, can be controlled by the frequency of the applied voltage between interdigitated electrodes beneath a droplet of highly dispersive nematic liquid crystal. Our Q-tensor modelling of the electric field-induced 2-dimensional n-director distortions within a nematic droplet elucidates how this linear relationship holds for voltages when

θ

V
o

−

θ
Y

exceeds 3°–4°.
Studying magnetic-polaron cooper-pair-breaking effects in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
by femtosecond photoexcitation
Authors: Li Yong , Wen Zhiwei , Guo Jia , Wu Yuxian , Chen Yongliang , Liang Weizheng , Zhao Y
Published: April 2022

The relation between magnetism and superconductivity, whether magnetism is beneficial to superconductivity or they permit co-existence and competition, has been a long debate in the high-temperature superconducting field. Here, to explore this odd issue, we study the relaxation dynamics of photoinduced magnetic-polaron and superconductivity quasiparticles by an ultrafast time-resolved optical reflectivity technology in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
. When the pump fluence

F

is less than 7 mW, time-resolved reflection spectrum ΔR(t)/R
0 is dominated by the superconducting component. It is noteworthy that a large of photoinduced magnetic-polaron component can cause the inhibition of the superconducting component when the variable pump fluence

F

is more than the value 7 mW. It can be attributed to the strong photoinduced magnetic-polaron Cooper-pair-breaking mechanism. Further studies have shown that the photoinduced magnetic-polaron Cooper-pair-breaking mechanism is similar to the pair-breaking effect caused by the magnetic impurity Fe in the Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
superconductor, although the forms of their action are different.
Wigner molecules and hybrid qubits
Authors: Yannouleas Constantine , Landman Uzi
Published: April 2022

It is demonstrated that exact diagonalization of the microscopic many-body Hamiltonian via systematic full configuration-interaction (FCI) calculations is able to predict the spectra as a function of detuning of three-electron hybrid qubits based on GaAs asymmetric double quantum dots (QDs). It is further shown that, as a result of strong inter-electron correlations, these spectroscopic patterns, including avoided crossings between states associated with different electron occupancies of the left and right wells, are inextricably related to the formation of Wigner molecules (WMs). These physical entities cannot be captured by the previously employed independent-particle or Hubbard-type theoretical modeling of the hybrid qubit. We report remarkable agreement with recent experimental results. Moreover, the present FCI methodology for multi-well QDs can be straightforwardly extended to treat Si/SiGe hybrid qubits, where the central role of WMs was recently experimentally confirmed as well.
Infinitesimal Darboux transformation and semi-discrete MKDV equation
Authors: Cho Joseph , Rossman Wayne , Seno Tomoya
Published: April 2022

We connect certain continuous motions of discrete planar curves resulting in semi-discrete potential Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation with Darboux transformations of smooth planar curves. In doing so, we define infinitesimal Darboux transformations that include the aforementioned motions, and also give an alternate geometric interpretation for establishing the semi-discrete potential mKdV equation.
Sleep staging classification based on a new parallel fusion method of multiple sources signals
Authors: Hei Yafang , Yuan Tuming , Fan Zhigao , Yang Bo , Hu Jiancheng
Published: April 2022

Objective. In the field of medical informatics, sleep staging is a challenging and time consuming task undertaken by sleep experts. The conventional method for sleep staging is to analyze Polysomnograms (PSGs) recorded in a sleep lab, but the sleep monitoring with polysomnography (PSG) severely degrades the sleep quality. Despite recent significant progress in the development of automatic sleep staging methods, building a good model still remains a big challenge for sleep studies due to the data-variability and data-inefficiency issues. Electrooculograms (EOGs) and electrocardiograms (ECGs) and are much easier to record and may offer an attractive alternative for home sleep monitoring. PSGs from the Sleep Heart Health Study database were used. This study aims to establish an new automatic sleep staging algorithm by using electrooculogram (EOG) and electrocardiogram (ECG). Approach. First, the heart rate variability (HRV) is extracted from EOG with the Weight Calculation Algorithm and an ‘NRRD’ RR interval detection algorithm. Second, three feature sets were extracted from HRV segments and EOG segments: time-domain features, frequency-domain features and nonlinear-domain features. The frequency domain features and nonlinear-domain features were extracted by using Discrete Wavelet Transform, Autoregressive (AR), and Power Spectral entropy, and Refined Composite Multiscale Dispersion Entropy. Third, a new ‘Parallel Fusion Method’ (PFM) for sleep stage classification is proposed. Three kinds of feature sets from EOG and HRV segments are fused by using PFM. Fourth, Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) is employed for sleep staging. Main results. Our experimental results show significant performance improvement on automatic sleep staging on the target domains achieved with the new sleep staging approach. The performance of the proposed method is tested by evaluating the average accuracy, Kappa coefficient. The average accuracy of sleep classification results by using XGBoost classification model with PFM is 83% and the kappa coefficient is 0.7. Experimental results show that the performance of the proposed method is competitive with the most current methods and results, and the recognition rate of S1 stage is significantly improved. Significance. As a consequence, it would enable one to improve the quality of automatic sleep staging models when the EOG and HRV signals are fused, which can be beneficial for monitor sleep quality and keep abreast of health conditions. Besides, our study provides good research ideas and methods for scholars, doctors and individuals.
Data-driven analysis of oscillations in Hall thruster simulations
Authors: Maddaloni Davide , Domínguez-Vázquez Adrián , Terragni Filippo , Merino Mario
Published: April 2022

A data-driven modal analysis of plasma oscillations in a stationary plasma thruster-100-like Hall thruster in the 1–120 kHz range is presented. Data are generated by a two-dimensional (axial-radial) hybrid particle-in-cell/fluid simulation code. While proper orthogonal decomposition is unable to successfully uncouple the different dynamics, higher order dynamic mode decomposition (HODMD) cleanly isolates the breathing and ion transit time (ITT) modes. Indeed, the computed HODMD components can be clustered into two distinct groups, enabling the separate reconstruction of the dynamics of the two oscillation modes. It is also shown that each plasma variable exhibits a different behavior in each cluster. The breathing oscillations have a global or standing-wave character for the plasma density, neutral density and ion current density inside the thruster, and an axially progressive-wave structure for the electron temperature and plasma potential in the near plume. The ITT mode shows a progressive-wave structure for all variables, except for the neutral density whose amplitude is negligible. This work serves as an illustration of the applicability of data-driven techniques like HODMD to the analysis of plasma flows relevant to electric propulsion.
Anomalous flux periodicity in proximitised quantum spin Hall constrictions
Authors: Vigliotti Lucia , Calzona Alessio , Trauzettel Björn , Sassetti Maura , Ziani Niccolò Traverso
Published: April 2022

We theoretically analyse a long constriction between the helical edge states of a two-dimensional topological insulator. The constriction is laterally tunnel-coupled to two superconductors and a magnetic field is applied perpendicularly to the plane of the two-dimensional topological insulator. The Josephson current is calculated analytically up to second order in the tunnel coupling both in the absence and in the presence of a bias (DC and AC Josephson currents). We show that in both cases the current acquires an anomalous 4π-periodicity with respect to the magnetic flux that is absent if the two edges are not tunnel-coupled to each other. The result, that provides at the same time a characterisation of the device and a possible experimental signature of the coupling between the edges, is stable against temperature. The processes responsible for the anomalous 4π-periodicity are the ones where, within the constriction, one of the two electrons forming a Cooper pair tunnels between the two edges.
Pressure-induced shift of effective Ce valence, Fermi energy and phase boundaries in CeOs4Sb12
Authors: Götze K , Pearce M J , Coak M J , Goddard P A , Grockowiak A D , Coniglio W A , Tozer S W , Graf D E , Maple M B , Ho P-C , Brown M C , Singleton J
Published: April 2022

CeOs4Sb12, a member of the skutterudite family, has an unusual semimetallic low-temperature

L

-phase that inhabits a wedge-like area of the field H—temperature T phase diagram. We have conducted measurements of electrical transport and megahertz conductivity on CeOs4Sb12 single crystals under pressures of up to 3 GPa and in high magnetic fields of up to 41 T to investigate the influence of pressure on the different H–T phase boundaries. While the high-temperature valence transition between the metallic

H

-phase and the

L

-phase is shifted to higher T by pressures of the order of 1 GPa, we observed only a marginal suppression of the

S

-phase that is found below 1 K for pressures of up to 1.91 GPa. High-field quantum oscillations have been observed for pressures up to 3.0 GPa and the Fermi surface of the high-field side of the

H

-phase is found to show a surprising decrease in size with increasing pressure, implying a change in electronic structure rather than a mere contraction of lattice parameters. We evaluate the field-dependence of the effective masses for different pressures and also reflect on the sample dependence of some of the properties of CeOs4Sb12 which appears to be limited to the low-field region.
Consequences of electric charge on anisotropic hyperbolically symmetric static spacetime
Authors: Yousaf Z , Bhatti M Z , Asad H
Published: April 2022

The investigation of hyperbolically symmetric sources under the impact of electromagnetic field is conducted in this paper, with a focus on the fluid distributed in static spacetime. To do this, we choose the metric f(R) gravity. It is observed that the fluid does not have the capacity to occupy the space surrounding the center, meaning that it exhibits cavity around the core. Furthermore, calculating the energy density indicates that it is invariably negative in the presence of correction terms, which might be crucial in comprehending certain quantum field occurrences, due to the fact that negative energies are directly tied with the quantum field theory. In this modified gravity, we implement the orthogonal splitting of the curvature tensor and derive the structure scalars. Following that, some cosmological models exhibiting the hyperbolical symmetry as well as their substantial determinants are investigated using two generating functions. The model of less-complex relativistic system of Einstein gravity is offered to explore precisely the role of f(R) terms under the influence of electromagnetic field.
Observation of two-step aggregation kinetics of amyloid-β proteins from fractal analysis
Authors: Mukhopadhyay Soham , Bera Subhas C , Ramola Kabir
Published: April 2022

Self-aggregation in proteins has long been studied and modeled due to its ubiquity and importance in many biological contexts. Several models propose a two step aggregation mechanism, consisting of linear growth of fibrils and secondary growth involving branch formation. Single molecule imaging techniques such as total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy can provide direct evidence of such mechanisms, however, analyzing such large data-sets is challenging. In this paper, we analyze for the first time, images of growing amyloid fibrils obtained from TIRF microscopy using the techniques of fractal geometry, which provides a natural framework to disentangle the two types of growth mechanisms at play. We find that after an initial linear growth phase, identified by a plateau in the average fractal dimension with time, the occurrence of branching events leads to a further increase in the fractal dimension, with a final saturation value

≈
2

. This provides direct evidence of the two-step nature of the aggregation kinetics of amyloid-β proteins, with an initial linear elongation phase followed by branching at later times.
The effect of long-term heating on the tritium adsorption and desorption behavior of advanced core–shell breeding materials
Authors: Chen Ruichong , Katayama Kazunari , Ipponsugi Akito , Oyama Ran , Guo Hao , Qi Jianqi , Liao Zhijun , Lu Tiecheng
Published: April 2022

In order to efficiently grasp the tritium behavior in advanced core–shell breeding materials, this study adopts a route of injecting tritium out-of-pile to deal with the problems of fewer platforms, long periods, and high costs for traditional neutron irradiation-tritium release experiments. Here, tritium adsorption and desorption experiments were carried out with Li4TiO4–Li2TiO3 core–shell breeding materials before and after long-term heating up to 30 days. The purpose is to study whether the structural changes caused by long-term heating will affect the adsorption and desorption behavior of tritium on the sample surface. The results show that the lack of chemically adsorbed water caused by long-term heating will significantly weaken the tritium adsorption capacity of the sample, but will not affect the desorption behavior of Ar, 1% H2 + Ar and water vapor on tritium, so all samples show a very low tritium retention.
Sawdust and soil block as wall in simple buildings to gain the optimum heat and embodied energy in humid tropical area
Authors: Noerwasito V T
Published: April 2022

Red bricks are widely used in Indonesia. The process of making red brick itself causes many problems such as the combustion process and the creation of air pollutant during the production process. On the other hand, waste from timber industry in Indonesia, which is called sawdust, becomes a problem that need to be solved by the woodcraft industry. Therefore, this study aims to substitute the use of red brick as wall material as well as reducing the waste of woodcraft industry by mixing sawdust waste with clay and cement as an alternative. The purpose of this study is investigating the performance of sawdust as wall material in terms of heat transfer and embodied energy in buildings compared to red brick. This study aims to analyse the optimum composition of sawdust as wall material to gain a balanced heat and embodied energy in simple housing. The study investigates sawdust wall in building with the size of 36m2 by using simulation software called Archipak. The embodied energy calculation uses standard embodied energy per unit. The research variable is the thickness of sawdust walls. The result of this study is the thickness of sawdust wall with minimum heat transfer and embodied energy.
Experimental study on CO2 concentration and indoor thermal comfort pf different classrooms during new normal in the University of Kitakyushu
Authors: Sekartaji D , Sakai N , Novianto D , Ryu Y
Published: April 2022

Indoor thermal comfort and indoor air quality in educational buildings are essential for students’ health and learning performance. In this pandemic situation, regulation of door and ventilation opening in the classroom for offline class become important for infection spread prevention. Based on Japan Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare standard, CO2 concentration level shall not exceed 1,000 ppm to prevent infection spreading. Yet significant amount of door and ventilation opening may reduce the level of thermal comfort because the Air-conditioning leakage. This study aims to evaluate CO2 concentration and indoor thermal comfort in two classrooms with door and ventilation opening regulation. In this study, the experimental measurements conducted in spring and summer season in The University of Kitakyushu. The method used in this study is by measuring air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration. The research results are expected to be a reference for the optimal application of regulations for thermal comfort and infection spread prevention.
Analysis study of light shelves, light pipes, mirror ducts utilization and implementation in Indonesia
Authors: Rumondang E S , Regina Y V , Angela Y R , Larasati D
Published: April 2022

This research was conducted because of the issue of exhaustible energy in Indonesia, particularly in the architecture and construction division. One of the methods to reduce energy-use in buildings is by using passive lighting techniques. This research examined several types of passive lighting techniques to determine the advantages and disadvantages of this type of lighting, as well as their implementation in Indonesia. Three types of passive lighting that will be analyzed in this study are light pipes, mirror ducts, and light shelves. Literature studies and precedents are used as a comparison for analysing the types of passive lighting and as precedents to determine the variables and parameters in the simulation. Simulations are carried out to calculate effectiveness based on the parameters that have been chosen. In addition, a survey in the form of a questionnaire was conducted to see the preferences and implementation of passive lighting among practitioners in the architectural field in Indonesia. This research is expected to be a source of information and can be used by architects to understand more deeply about passive lighting and its effect on the energy efficiency of buildings.
Sustainability principle in Nusantara architecture: case study of the Tongkonan House, the Betawi Stage House, the Gadang House, and Lamin House
Authors: Nabilunnuha M B , Hervanda S , Xian G E , Tjong A , Indarti F R , Nuffida N E , Ardhyanto A , Novianto D
Published: April 2022

This study aims to analyze and identify the principles of sustainability in case studies of several traditional Indonesian architectures, or more specifically known as Nusantara Architecture. This paper discussed the identification, application of principal thinking, analysis, and observation through literature review and hypothesis. In these three case studies, which are the Tongkonan House, Panggung Betawi House, and Gadang House, we found that each building was represented by the choice of forms, materials, functions, and structures, which used the local resources, and as well as the meaning of architectural elements found in the details. During the modernization, the characteristics of the Nusantara Classical Architecture began to be applied to the current architecture which emerged as the Nusantara Contemporary Architecture. Through this paper, we encourage the complexity of architectural design knowledge that reflect the genius-logic, technological development, identity, lifestyle, ethical and aesthetic values of the Indonesian, which have been developed by the ancestors and it is important to always become a consideration and precedent for the architects, planners, and decision-makers in the future.
Imputation of missing values for generating typical meteorological year (TMY) with data decomposition and recurrent neural networks
Authors: Chreng K , Lee H S , Pradana R P , Trong T Q , Arya Putra I D G , Nimiya H
Published: April 2022

Typical meteorological year (TMY) for a specific location is critical information when designing low-carbon and energy-saving buildings. However, in developing countries, long-term observations of weather are now readily available and even mixed with missing values. In this study, a nonlinear autoregressive (NAR) recurrent neural network model in combination with improved complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (ICEEMDAN) method is demonstrated for treating the missing values in observed daily average air temperature at Bogor City in Indonesia. The prediction results for missing values indicate that the ICEEMDAN-NAR hybrid model performs very well with high accuracy when compared with the observed in the validation and model comparison phases. Particularly, the relatively lower frequency oscillation modes in observed data can be predicted well. Thus, this method can be used for relatively medium- and long-term prediction of missing values with respect to the given data/input period. critical to consider cities and buildings from the eyes of older people in society.
A strategy of a masterplan of Landak general hospital: a study of architectural programming
Authors: Alhamdani M R , Sari D P
Published: April 2022

The plan for the development of the Landak District General Hospital is motivated by three things, namely the first from the mandate of law concerning hospitals, secondly the development of the Landak Regency in line with population growth, and the increasing demand and third the need for health services that occur in health centres. The aims of this research are to prepare of the initial stage of the Masterplan of the Landak District Hospital, for obtaining a harmonious and balanced use of regional space with the needs and capabilities of supporting urban growth and development by taking into account the harmony of the environment, the availability of a regional development plan that can function as a forum for integration for the interests of all parties. The results are the strategy of master plan development of Landak general hospital viewed from architectural programming namely activity patterns, zoning formation, space requirements, functional relationship, circulation patterns, building security and safety, landscape and open space, and parking requirements.
Hasse invariant for the tame Brauer group of a higher local field
Authors: Brussel Eric
Published: April 2022

We generalize the Hasse invariant of local class field theory to the tame Brauer group of a higher dimensional local field, and use it to study the arithmetic of central simple algebras, which are given a priori as tensor products of standard cyclic algebras. We also compute the tame Brauer dimension (or period-index bound) and the cyclic length of a general henselian-valued field of finite rank and finite residue field.
Defective Placentation Syndromes and Intellectual Disability in the Offspring: Nationwide Cohort and Sibling-Controlled Studies
Authors: Villamor Eduardo , Susser Ezra S , Cnattingius Sven
Published: April 2022

We investigated the relationships between syndromic manifestations of defective placentation and the incidence of intellectual disability (ID) in offspring by conducting a population-based cohort study of 1,581,200 nonmalformed, live singleton infants born in Sweden between 1998 and 2014. Exposures were: 1) placental abruption, 2) preterm preeclampsia (<34 weeks of gestation), 3) preeclampsia combined with infant being small for gestational age (SGA) at birth, and 4) spontaneous preterm birth. The outcome was an ID diagnosis after 3 years of age. We estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for each syndrome using Cox regression and robust variances. There were 9,451 children with ID (5.5 per 10,000 child-years). ID incidence rates increased with placental abruption (HR = 2.8, 95% CI: 2.3, 3.5), preterm preeclampsia (HR = 3.7, 95% CI: 2.9, 4.7), preeclampsia combined with SGA (HR = 3.3, 95% CI: 2.6, 4.1), and spontaneous preterm birth (for 32–36 and 22–31 weeks, respectively, HR = 1.6 (95% CI: 1.4, 1.8) and 5.2 (95% CI: 4.3, 6.2)). The same pattern of results was evident in sibling-controlled analyses among 1,043,158 full siblings. The strength of associations increased with ID severity. Preterm birth only partly explained the associations of placental abruption, preeclampsia, or SGA with ID. We conclude that defective placentation is related to increased incidence of ID in the offspring.
Evolving Clinical Experiences in Aesthetic Hip Implant Body Contouring
Authors: Troell Robert J , Eppley Barry , Javaheri Shahin
Published: April 2022

Background

Hip augmentation increases the hip width utilizing fat transfer and/or subcutaneous implants, creating a more feminine hourglass shape. Custom hip implant surgery requires proper patient selection, correct body frame analysis, appreciation of hip aesthetics, understanding surgical anatomy, optimal aesthetic planning, a favorable implant design and fabrication, skilled surgical implant placement, diligent postoperative patient care, and proper complication management.

Objectives

The authors sought to evaluate the pioneering clinical experience with cosmetic custom hip silastic implants.

Methods

A consecutive patient surgical series of patients seeking custom aesthetic hip implant surgery was tabulated. Similar hip analysis, implant design and fabrication, surgical technique, and postoperative follow-up were performed in 3 practices.

Results

The overall patient satisfaction rate (87%, 47 of 54 patients) was favorable. There was a total of 29 (54%) medical complications and 20 (37%) cosmetic complications (implant show). A total of 17 patients (31.5%) requested revision surgery secondary to implant show (n = 10) and an infected implant (n = 6). No patient experienced an acute implant infection, incisional scar hypertrophy, wound dehiscence, implant extrusion, parasthesias, muscle dysfunction, or hip joint injury.

Conclusions

The utilization of hip implants represents a new type of body contouring implant that has some unique differences in anatomic location, implant design, and tissue pocket location. Their utilization is an evolving one in aesthetic body implants, for which clinical experience to date remains limited in number. The proper surgical placement, postoperative management, and treatment of complications to include revision surgery are essential to achieving a successful body contouring outcome.

Level of Evidence: 4
Exosomal microRNA-23b-3p promotes tumor angiogenesis and metastasis by targeting PTEN in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma
Authors: Hou Chen-xing , Sun Nan-nan , Han Wei , Meng Ying , Wang Chen-xing , Zhu Qing-hai , Tang Yu-ting , Ye Jin-hai
Published: April 2022

MicroRNA (miR)-23b-3p is known to target various genes that are involved in cancer-related pathways. Exosomes are emerging intercellular communication agents. Exosomes secreted by cancer cells can deliver active molecules to the surrounding stromal cells, thereby influencing the recipient cells and promoting the development of cancers. However, the role of exosomal miR-23b-3p in salivary adenoid cystic carcinoma (SACC) is not yet clear. In this study, we set out to investigate the potential role of cancer-derived exosomal miR-23b-3p-related phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 in the alteration of angiogenesis and vascular permeability in SACC. We investigated the effect of exosomal miR-23b-3p on the progression of SACC. In vitro experiments indicated that exosomal miR-23b-3p led to an upregulation of vascular permeability, and reduced expression of tight junction proteins. In addition, exosomal miR-23b-3p also enhanced angiogenesis and migration. Next, the angiogenic effect of exosomal miR-23b-3p was validated in vivo, as it led to an increase in the tumor microvasculature. Furthermore, the growth rate of SACC was faster after injection of exosomes loaded with cholesterol-modified miR-23b-3p in mice. In conclusion, these results revealed that SACC cell-derived exosomes play an important role in promoting angiogenesis and local vascular microleakage of SACC by transporting miR-23b-3p, which suggests that miR-23b-3p in the exosomes may be a potential biomarker for distant metastasis of SACC. This suggests the potential of a novel therapeutic target by delivering anti-miR-23b-3p that focuses on exosomes.
Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection Incidence Among Southern Men Who Have Sex With Men With Human Immunodeficiency Virus in the Treatment as Prevention Era, 2014–2019
Authors: Gravett Ronnie M , Cleveland John D , Overton Edgar T , Marrazzo Jeanne
Published: April 2022

In this retrospective analysis of men who have sex with men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the South from 2014 through 2019, incident bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increased regardless of virologic control. Clinicians should prioritize STI screening and management in primary HIV care.
Biphasic Waning of Hemagglutination Inhibition Antibody Titers After Influenza Vaccination in Children
Authors: Xiong Weijia , Tsang Tim K , Perera Ranawaka A P M , Leung Nancy H L , Fang Vicky J , Barr Ian G , Malik Peiris J S , Cowling Benjamin J
Published: April 2022

We explored the potential for a biphasic pattern in waning of antibody titers after influenza vaccination. We collected blood samples in a randomized controlled trial of influenza vaccination in children and tested them with hemagglutination inhibition assays for influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B/Victoria lineage. Using piecewise log-linear mixed-effects models, we found evidence for a faster initial waning of antibody titers for the first 1–2 years after vaccination and then slower longer-term declines. Children with higher postvaccination titers had faster antibody decay.
Sapling Stocking Targets for Multiple Management Goals in Northern Hardwood Forests: How Do Stands Measure Up?
Authors: Walters Michael B , Henry Catherine R , Farinosi Evan J , Roloff Gary J , Donovan Michael L , Hartman Jason P
Published: April 2022

Well-stocked natural tree regeneration is critical to sustainable management of northern hardwood forests (NHF) by selection silviculture, but explicit goals and stocking criteria for sapling recruit size classes are lacking. For stems 0–2 in. (0–5.1 cm), we define 171 and 691 stems ac−1 (422.5 and 1,707.5 ha−1) as lower and upper full stocking thresholds for basic NHF management goals (wood and biomass productivity) and overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. We define component stocking targets as 15% of full stocking targets for six additional wildlife (e.g., nut producers) and resilience (e.g., pest–pathogen) goals and individual species representation. Applying our system to 141 managed stands in Michigan, USA, we found several areas of concern. At low threshold, 33% of stands were understocked for biomass and wood goals, whereas 67% were fully stocked with overabundant/pest–pathogen-challenged species. Among goals, component stocking (low threshold) was as low as 5% (nut producers), with more than half the stands component stocked for ≤ 2 goals and ≤ 2 individual species. Stocking varied geographically and decreased with increasing site quality, overstory basal area, and deer use.

Study Implications

The stocking goals and density criteria we developed can help managers objectively identify areas where current silvicultural practices are ineffective and need modification. Our system is based on an interactive platform that can be readily modified to accommodate new information and management goals. Several management suggestions emerged from applying our system to selection-managed NHF stands in Michigan. First, highest quality sites have the greatest stocking challenges. Stocking outcomes could likely be improved via more intense overstory harvests and mitigation of deer impacts. Second, most stands meeting stocking goals are vulnerable to future changes in climate and pest–pathogen outbreaks, given stocking is often dominated by a small subset of candidate species. Planting, including the incorporation of assisted migration species candidates could help ameliorate this problem, as species could be evaluated based on their contribution to multiple component stocking goals.
Constraints on the abundance of supermassive primordial black holes from lensing of compact radio sources
Authors: Zhou Huan , Lian Yujie , Li Zhengxiang , Cao Shuo , Huang Zhiqi
Published: April 2022

The possibility that primordial black holes (PBHs) form a part of dark matter has been considered over a wide mass range from the Planck mass ($10^{-5}~\rm g$) to the level of the supermassive black hole in the center of the galaxy. Primordial origin might be one of the most important formation channel of supermassive black holes. We use the non-detection of lensing effect of very long baseline interferometer observations of compact radio sources with extremely high angular resolution as a promising probe to constrain the abundance of intergalactic PBHs in the mass range ∼104–109 M⊙. For a sample of well-measured 543 flat-spectrum compact radio sources, no milli-lensed images are found with angular separations between 1.5 and 50 milli-arcsec. From this null search result, we derive that the fraction of dark matter made up of supermassive PBHs in the mass range ∼106–108 M⊙ is $\lesssim 1.48{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ at $95{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ confidence level. This constraints would be significantly improved due to the rapid increase of the number of measured compact radio sources. For instance, on the basis of none confirmed milli-lensing candidate in the latest ∼14 000 sources, we derive the abundance of supermassive PBHs and obtain that it is $\lesssim 0.06{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ at $95{{\ \rm per\, cent}}$ confidence level.
Distinct Functions of the Atypical Terminal Hydrophilic Domain of the HKT Transporter in the Liverwort Marchantia polymorpha
Authors: Imran Shahin , Oyama Masumi , Horie Rie , Kobayashi Natsuko I , Costa Alex , Kumano Ryosuke , Hirata Chiho , Tran Sen Thi Huong , Katsuhara Maki , Tanoi Keitaro , Kohchi Takayuki , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Horie Tomoaki
Published: April 2022

K+/Na+ homeostasis is important for land plants, particularly under salt stress. In this study, the structure and ion transport properties of the high-affinity K+ transporter (HKT) of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha were investigated. Only one HKT gene, MpHKT1, was identified in the genome of M. polymorpha. Phylogenetic analysis of HKT proteins revealed that non-seed plants possess HKTs grouped into a clade independent of the other two clades including HKTs of angiosperms. A distinct long hydrophilic domain was found in the C-terminus of MpHKT1. Complementary DNA (cDNA) of truncated MpHKT1 (t-MpHKT1) encoding the MpHKT_Δ596-812 protein was used to examine the functions of the C-terminal domain. Both MpHKT1 transporters fused with enhanced green fluorescent protein at the N-terminus were localized to the plasma membrane when expressed in rice protoplasts. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments using Xenopus laevis oocytes indicated that MpHKT1 mediated the transport of monovalent alkali cations with higher selectivity for Na+ and K+, but truncation of the C-terminal domain significantly reduced the transport activity with a decrease in the Na+ permeability. Overexpression of MpHKT1 or t-MpHKT1 in M. polymorpha conferred accumulation of higher Na+ levels and showed higher Na+ uptake rates, compared to those of wild-type plants; however, phenotypes with t-MpHKT1 were consistently weaker than those with MpHKT1. Together, these findings suggest that the hydrophilic C-terminal domain plays a unique role in the regulation of transport activity and ion selectivity of MpHKT1.
Genome-Informed Design of a LAMP Assay for the Specific Detection of the Strain of ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ Phytoplasma Occurring in Grapevines in South Africa
Authors: Alič Špela , Dermastia Marina , Burger Johan , Dickinson Matthew , Pietersen Gerhard , Pietersen Gert , Dreo Tanja
Published: April 2022

Grapevine yellows is one of the most damaging phytoplasma-associated diseases worldwide. It is linked to several phytoplasma species, which can vary regionally due to phytoplasma and insect-vector diversity. Specific, rapid, and reliable detection of the grapevine yellows pathogen has an important role in phytoplasma control. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay for detection of a distinct strain of grapevine ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris’ that is present in South Africa, through implementation of a genome-informed test design approach. Several freely available, user-friendly, web-based tools were coupled to design the specific LAMP assays. The criteria for selection of the assays were set for each step of the process, which resulted in four experimentally operative LAMP assays that targeted the ftsH/hflB gene region, specific to the aster yellows phytoplasma strain from South Africa. A real-time PCR was developed, targeting the same genetic region, to provide extensive validation of the LAMP assay. The validated molecular assays are highly specific to the targeted aster yellows phytoplasma strain from South Africa, with good sensitivity and reproducibility. We show a genome-informed molecular test design and an efficient validation approach for molecular tests if reference and sample materials are sparse and hard to obtain.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Richard Hader Visionary Leader Award 2021 Visionary Leader Runner-up Carol Grove
Authors: Harne-Britner Sarah
Published: April 2022

The following manuscript is one of the runner-up entries submitted to Nursing Management for the Visionary Leader Award in recognition of Carol Grove, MSN, RN, NEA-BC, the associate CNO at Meritus Medical Center in Hagerstown, Md.
Discharge to Rehabilitation Predicts Increased Morbidity in Patients Undergoing Posterior Cervical Decompression and Fusion
Authors: Katz Austen D. , Song Junho , Ngan Alex , Job Alan , Morris Matthew , Perfetti Dean , Virk Sohrab , Silber Jeff , Essig David
Published: April 2022

Study Design:

Retrospective cohort study.

Objective:

The aim was to compare 30-day readmission and postdischarge morbidity for posterior cervical decompression and fusion (PCDF) in patients who were discharged to home versus rehabilitation.

Summary of Background Data:

An increasing number of patients are being discharged to postacute inpatient care facilities following spine surgery. However, little research has been performed to evaluate the effect of this trend on short-term outcomes.

Materials and Methods:

Patients who underwent PCDF from 2011 to 2018 were identified using the National Surgical Quality Improvements Program (NSQIP)-database. Regression was utilized to compare primary outcomes between home and rehabilitation groups and to control for predictors of outcomes.

Results:

We identified 8912 patients. Unadjusted analysis revealed that rehabilitation-discharge patients had greater readmission (10.4% vs. 8.0%, P=0.002) and postdischarge morbidity (7.1% vs. 4.0%, P<0.001) rates. After controlling for patient-related factors, rehabilitation-discharge independently predicted postdischarge morbidity (P<0.001, odds ratio=2.232). Readmission no longer differed between groups (P=0.071, odds ratio=1.311). Rates of discharge to rehabilitation increased from 23.5% in 2011 to 25.3% in 2018, while postdischarge morbidity rates remained stagnant.

Patients discharged to rehabilitation were older (66.9 vs. 59.4 y); more likely to be African American (21.4% vs. 13.8%) and have diabetes (27.1% vs. 17.5%), steroid use (6.4% vs. 4.7%, P=0.002), and American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA)-class ≥3 (80.2% vs. 57.7%); less likely to be male (53.9% vs. 57.4%, P=0.004) and smokers (20.3% vs. 26.6%); and had greater operative time (198 vs. 170 min) and length of hospital stay (5.9 vs. 3.3 d) (P<0.001).

Conclusions:

Despite controlling for significant factors, discharge to rehabilitation independently predicted a 2.2 times increased odds of postdischarge morbidity. Rates of discharge to rehabilitation increased overtime without an appreciable decrease in postdischarge morbidity, suggesting that greater resources are being utilized in the postacute care period without an obvious justification. Therefore, home-discharge should be prioritized after hospitalization for PCDF when feasible. These findings are notable in light of reform efforts aimed at reducing costs while improving quality of care.
The Case for Case–Cohort
Authors: O’Brien Katie M. , Lawrence Kaitlyn G. , Keil Alexander P.
Published: April 2022

When research questions require the use of precious samples, expensive assays or equipment, or labor-intensive data collection or analysis, nested case–control or case–cohort sampling of observational cohort study participants can often reduce costs. These study designs have similar statistical precision for addressing a singular research question, but case–cohort studies have broader efficiency and superior flexibility. Despite this, case–cohort designs are comparatively underutilized in the epidemiologic literature. Recent advances in statistical methods and software have made analyses of case–cohort data easier to implement, and advances from casual inference, such as inverse probability of sampling weights, have allowed the case–cohort design to be used with a variety of target parameters and populations. To provide an accessible link to this technical literature, we give a conceptual overview of case–cohort study analysis with inverse probability of sampling weights. We show how this general analytic approach can be leveraged to more efficiently study subgroups of interest or disease subtypes or to examine associations independent of case status. A brief discussion of how this framework could be extended to incorporate other related methodologic applications further demonstrates the broad cost-effectiveness and adaptability of case–cohort methods for a variety of modern epidemiologic applications in resource-limited settings.