bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Model Penilaian Pemasok Bahan Olah Karet (Bokar)
Authors: Luthvina Ridha , Hadiguna Rika Ampuh , Jonrinaldi Jonrinaldi
Published: November 2019

Crumb rubber industry only depends on one main raw material that is called Bahan Olah Karet (Bokar). Based on the observation of several crumb rubber factories in West Sumatera, the company still uses an unsystematic way of choosing the suppliers of bokar. The weakening of the supplier’s supervision system causes bokar that received by the company, in terms of quality and quantity are not met properly. The way to solve these issues is to develop a fuzzy model for supplier assessment of bokar. The first step is the identification of criteria using FDM. Then developing a mathematical model. This research has been successfully developed a mathematical model where FAHP is used to determine the weight of supplier assessment criteria, combined with signed distance at the defuzzification stage. While FTOPSIS is used to obtain suppliers ranking. Through the survey using FDM, we obtain 6 main criteria and 18 subcriteria which relevant to the conditions of the crumb rubber industry in West Sumatera.
PERAN MEDIASI PERCEIVED USEFULNESS DALAM PLATFORM C2C E-COMMERCE
Authors: Purwianti Lily
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out the factors that influence in C2C e-commerce. The sample of this study was people who had done online shopping This studyuses PLS in testing hypothesesusing 342 respondents. The results of this study indicate that independent, information quality, trust, perceived ease of use variables have influence on perceived usefulness. Another finding is perceived usefulness influencing on consumer participation (purchase intention, recommendation intention).
ANTESEDEN BEHAVIORAL INTENTIONS PADA PENGGUNA JASA TRANSPORTASI BUS TARIF PREMIUM
Authors: Soelasih Yasintha , Gunawan Reinandus Aditya
Published: November 2019

The purpose of this study is to examine service quality, location, and personal characteristic toward behavioral intentions of premium bus fare transportation. Therefore, this research emphasizes consumer behavior in the use of public transportation, especially premium ones. This study uses 217 data, which aredone by validity and reliability tests, and the hyphotheses are analyzed by usingstructural equation modeling (SEM). The results showed that service quality and location have an influence on behavioral intentions, while personal characteristics do not have an influence on behavioral intentions. The implication of this research is to pay attention to premium bus transportation providers in the selection of locations.
NEGATIVE FACTORS AND ITS EFFECT TOWARDS JOB SATISFACTION OF NURSES
Authors: Ranihusna Desti , Wulansari Nury Ariani , Asiari Dikha Karuma , Syahputra Reza Enindra
Published: November 2019

The primary function of nurses in inpatient services is to provide optimal services for patients with serious illnesses.Therefore, nurses’ job satisfaction should not be taken for granted. The role overload can influence job satisfaction at workplaces. The role overloaand job stress have negative effect. However, the nurses can still have job satisfaction, if the role overload is at low level. The other factor that influences job satisfaction is role ambiguity. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that determine job satisfaction of nurses, work at the hospital and the job stress impacts on job satisfaction. The samples of this study were 170 respondents. This study applied quantitative design with path analysis. The role overload and job stress have negative and significant influence on job satisfaction. The role overload and role ambiguity have a positive and significant impact on job stress. The role ambiguity does not influence job satisfaction. Job stress mediates the role ambiguity to job satisfaction. The next research can develop variables that can mediate the influence of role ambiguity and role conflict on job satisfaction, for example, burnout and performance variables.
FORMAÇÃO DO PREÇO DE VENDA DO MORANGO ORGÂNICO A PARTIR DOS CUSTOS DE PRODUÇÃO
Authors: Zachow Marlowa , Dotto Marinês Luiza Guerra , Fiedler Lígia , Tagliapietra Odacir Miguel , Bertolini Geysler Rogis Flor
Published: November 2019

Através de revisão de literatura acerca de custos de produção e formação de preço de venda, buscou-se no trabalho o cálculo do preço através do mark-up para a produção de morangos orgânicos. Utilizando-se um estudo de caso em propriedade em Sede Alvorada/ PR, percebeu-se que é possível utilizar os conceitos de contabilidade de custos aliados a contabilidade rural para calcular o custo de produção e o preço de venda, fazendo pequenas adaptações devido às particularidades da agricultura familiar. Com o cálculo do preço chegou-se à conclusão que a atividade é rentável para a produtora, e que o preço encontrado é mais baixo do que se comprando o produto de outras regiões. A produção local, além de ter uma ótima qualidade, possibilita a venda sem os custos de transporte, alavancando o consumo desse produto.
FLUXO DE CAIXA PROJETADO CONSIDERANDO OS EFEITOS DO RISCO, POR MEIO DA SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE CARLO: APLICADO A EMPRESA DE PEQUENO PORTE DO SETOR DE COMÉRCIO DE PRODUTOS AGROPECUÁRIOS
Authors: Cezar Gislaine Siebre , Junior Valdir Serafim , Besen Fabíola Graciele , Mathias Linda Rose , Dos Santos Christiano Wendt
Published: November 2019

Uma forma de considerar os riscos de uma empresa é utilizar simulações baseadas no método de Monte Carlo. Esse método gera números aleatórios para os recebimentos previstos, baseados em premissas adotadas. Após a geração de cada evento, coloca-se o valor presente líquido do fluxo de caixa gerado em uma distribuição de frequência acumulada, a fim de verificar sua probabilidade de ocorrência. Nesse sentido, a pesquisa buscou responder: Como projetar um fluxo de caixa das atividades operacionais de uma empresa de pequeno porte, utilizando o método de Monte Carlo? A pesquisa se enquadra como bibliográfica quanto aos procedimentos, exploratória e explicativa quanto aos objetivos, conduzida pelo método indutivo, sob o enfoque de uma abordagem quantitativa, se concretizando como uma pesquisa aplicada de caráter de estudo de caso e os dados foram coletados por meio da pesquisa documental.  Foi desenvolvido um modelo de fluxo de caixa, usando o Método de Monte Carlo, a fim de projetar o caixa líquido das atividades operacionais da empresa para o ano de 2017. Como resposta, se obteve um diagnóstico da situação financeira de uma empresa comercial de produtos agropecuários, que possibilitou a verificação por antecedência aos administradores de problemas financeiros para ações preventivas, principalmente em relação à utilização de capitais de terceiros.
ОБЛІК І ОПОДАТКУВАННЯ ПРОДАЖУ ТОВАРІВ ЗА ЦІНОЮ, НИЖЧОЮ ЗА ЦІНУ ЇХ ПРИДБАННЯ
Authors: Sidorenko Aleksandr
Published: November 2019

Досліджено проблеми обліку та оподаткування реалізації товарів за ціною, нижчою, ніж ціна їх придбання. Проаналізовано вимоги податкового та бухгалтерського законодавства з питань реалізації товарів за цінами, нижчими за ціну їх придбання. Виявлено, що питання обліку та оподаткування операцій з продажу товарів за цінами нижчими ніж ціни їх придбання, є маловивченими, а податкове законодавство України містить певні недоліки, які потребують вирішення. У роботі розроблено методику обліку та оподаткування операцій із продажу товарів за цінами нижчими ніж їх придбання та обґрунтовано необхідність доповнення Податкового кодексу України, в частині адміністрування податку на прибуток підприємств.
Análise do uso do Partograma como instrumento de redução de complicações do parto
Authors: Valois Rubenilson Caldas , Oliveira Antônia Eliene da Silva , Batista Deusana Lúcia Sena , Costa Marcileide Silva da , Santos Fernanda Carmo dos , Gurjão Wanne Thaynara Vaz , Parente Jorgeany Soares , Silva Amanda Gonçalves de Souza da , Soares Tamires de Nazaré , Valois Rubia Danielle Caldas , Nascimento Marcia Helena Machado
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: analisar o uso do partograma na assistência ao parto normal em um hospital público na cidade de Belém, estado do Pará. Métodos: Estudo quantitativo com características prospectivas, realizado com 120 partogramas de puérperas atendidas entre fevereiro e abril de 2017 em um hospital público de Belém/Pa. Os dados foram tabulados através do programa Microsoft Excel 2010® e analisados no programa Bioestat 5.3® para realização de testes descritivos, utilizando-se os testes da média, desvio padrão e Intervalo de Confiança, respeitando-se os padrões éticos da pesquisa. Resultados: Dentre a amostra analisada, 120 (100,0%), não estavam preenchidos completamente, assim como, os dados relacionados a pressão arterial, 110 (98,0%) foram os que tiveram maior ausência de registro, juntamente com a variável variedade de posição, encontrada somente em 01 (0,01%). A maior ausência de preenchimento foi evidenciada no eixo 1 do partograma, onde a média de ausência foi de 79,4% da amostra. Conclusão: Fica evidente que o não preenchimento correto reflete a pouca importância dada a esse instrumento, haja vista que sua não aplicabilidade deixa de proporcionar a parturiente um atendimento seguro, assim como, um melhor acompanhamento das dificuldades que possam surgir durante a evolução do trabalho de parto e parto.
Perda de primeiros molares permanentes em crianças e adolescentes atendidos na Clínica-Escola de Odontologia - UFPE
Authors: Silva Alleson Jamesson , Santos Laís Cavalcanti Leal , Sá Jessyca Maria Alencar e , Andrade Brenda Rocha Borda de , Ponzi Elizabeth Arruda Carneiro , Barreira Alice Kelly
Published: November 2019

Objetivo: Verificar a prevalência de perda de primeiros molares permanentes em indivíduos de 10 a 19 anos de idade atendidos em uma Clínica-Escola universitária. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal retrospectivo a partir da coleta de dados de 204 prontuários de pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade de 10 à 19 anos. As variáveis compreenderam aspectos relativos à perda dentária, à prevenção e fatores sociodemográficos. Para verificar as frequências e associações com as variáveis foi utilizado o teste do Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou teste Exato de Fisher, quando apropriados. Resultados: Verificou-se um total de 21,57% de perda de primeiros molares permanentes, sem diferença entre sexo, local de residência, doenças sistêmicas, frequência de escovação, uso diário de fio dental e tipo de alimentação, sendo os primeiros molares permanentes inferiores os elementos mais acometidos, com 9,80% para o 36 e 11,27% para o 46. A associação foi positiva entre perda dentária e as variáveis idade e índice CPO-D. Conclusão: Os resultados revelam a alta prevalência de perda de primeiros molares permanentes, considerando-se a necessidade do desenvolvimento de ações preventivas e curativas afim de reduzir o número de exodontias desses elementos.
Suriye Savaşının Yermuk Filistin Mülteci Kampı Üzerindeki Etkileri
Authors: SEZER Selim
Published: November 2019

Öz Bu makalede 2011 yılında başlayan Suriye savaşının başkent Şam’ın dış kısımlarında bulunan Yermuk isimli Filistin mülteci kampı üzerindeki etkileri ele alınmaktadır. 1957 yılında kurulan ve Suriye’deki Filistin mülteci kamplarının en büyüğü olan Yermuk’ta 2012 yılından itibaren iç bölünme ve çatışmalar başlamış, muhalif grupların kontrolüne geçmesi sonrasında kamp hükümet/rejim güçleri tarafından kuşatma altına alınmış, 2015 yılında IŞİD kontrolüne geçmiştir. 2018 yılında Şam periferisine düzenlenen operasyonlar dizisi kapsamında ise Yermuk kampında da hükümet/rejim güçlerinin kontrolü sağlanmıştır. Makalede, bir arka plan ve karşılaştırma zemini olarak 1948’den 2011’e kadar olan dönemde Filistinli mültecilerin kendilerini içinde buldukları çatışmalar ve sosyal-siyasi koşullar kısaca irdelendikten sonra, 2012’den itibaren Yermuk’ta yaşanan süreçler kronolojik açıdan incelenmekte, süreçlere ilişkin farklı tarafların yorumları değerlendirilmekte ve kampta yaşanan süreçlerin hem Suriye savaşının yaşandığı diğer bölgelerdeki süreçlerle, hem de 2011 öncesindeki diğer bölgesel çatışma örnekleriyle benzer ve farklı yanları tartışılmaktadır.
Economic Aspects of Ecological Problems Solving for Russian Cities
Authors: Pyzheva Yu. I. , Zander Y. V.
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is the ecological situation in 12 selected cities: Bratsk, Krasnoyarsk, Lipetsk, Magnitogorsk, Mednogorsk, Nizhniy Tagil, Novokuznetsk, Norilsk, Omsk, Chelyabinsk, Cherepovets and Chita. The purposes of the work are to analyze the structure, subjects, goals and objectives of the project “Pure Air” that is a part of a large-scale national project “Ecology”, as well as to evaluate the concrete character level of the proposed actions and their prospective effectiveness. In the course of the research only open sources of information, data of statistical organizations and relevant Ministries Departments were used. A conclusion is made about the large scale of the declared investment programmes of industrial enterprises (including heat-andpower enterprises) that will highly likely be fulfilled as they are carried out at the sole cost and expense of the enterprises. It is concluded in the article that complex plans to reduce emission of pollutants appear to be quite consequent and well-developed and they should lead to the achievement of the main project goal that is to reduce the total emission volume by at least 20%, and to change the load status of the cities under consideration from “very high” to “high”. If the majority of the actions planned is realized, the ecological situation in the selected cities will change significantly, which will allow to use the obtained experience in other Russian cities.
International Experience of Green Bond Issue
Authors: Khmyz O. V.
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is current state and trends in a new segment of international finance market — the market of green bonds aiming at financing ecological projects.The purpose of the work is to assess the prospects of using green bonds through comparative analysis of their issuing actions taking into consideration the newest trends in world economy and finance developments. The importance of the article is predetermined by the novelty of the study subject, by the growth in number of issuing such bonds in both developed and developing countries due to the global trend of becoming more ecological, as well as by public support for ecologically pure projects. Moreover, green bonds allocation practices in different countries demonstrate their financial success attracting this way private investors to the sphere. The success is also supported by the process of specialization and certification. The author also emphasizes the trend of growing specialization in the field of international green bonds and confirms the prospects if its digitalization. The emission of green bonds should meet some specific requirements, such as verification conducted before their access to the market through an independent expertise by a third party. It is concluded that it is advisable to stimulate green bonds emission and circulation because of their viability on the world financial market.
Tax Instruments for Mitigating Dumps (EU Experience)
Authors: Khavanova I. A.
Published: November 2019

The importance of the research topic is determined by the acuteness of the growing number of industrial and domestic waste dumps in the Russian Federation that pollute the environment, which demands for making urgent resolutions in order to mitigate the amount of waste, as well as to develop the industry for their processing. The subjects of the research are tax instruments to be used for reducing the amounts of waste taken to the dumps, the dumps liquidation in case they are not given sanction to operate. The purpose of the work is to summarize the experience of EU memberstates and to suggest ways of using it in domestic practice of waste management. The author also focuses on the evolution of approaches to tax politics forming according to the hierarchy of waste management methods. The research was conducted on the base of systemic approach using a wide range of scientific methods (comparative analysis, data grouping, logical analysis, etc.) As dumps the author considers both official ones and any landfill or waste disposal site that not necessary meets official requirements for such places and can cause harm to the environment. It is concluded that current tax instruments are intended for both solving problems of recycling of industrial and domestic waste and for its management. European countries successfully employ taxes on dumps and on burning waste as a way to reduce ecological impact of dumps on the environment. Taxes are in an important economic instrument for nature preservation, they can be more efficient than restricting measures as public payments create value signals changing businesses and population behavior. At the same time, every country uses its own mix of tax instruments to achieve their goals.
Water Resources of Russia: State, Utilization, Protection, Management Issues
Authors: Danilov-Danilyan V. I.
Published: November 2019

The subject of the research is particular qualities of water resources causing methodological difficulties of their quantity and quality assessment according to the data from hydra monitoring conducted by specialized bodies.The purpose of the work is estimate of state, utilization, and protection of water resources in order to solve problems of water development environment of the country.The author argues that at least two assessments are necessary — of static storage and of renewable capacity. Data of Russian water resources, their ecological state, and their utilization in the economy, as well as anthropogenic impact and its after-effects are given and analyzed. The author also analyzes the reasons of discrepancy between the data on the water quality in the water bodies and the information about negative impact reduction in Russia. Tasks for water resources and water economy management system are formulated, the quality of these tasks solution in modern Russia is assessed; objective as well as subjective factors complicating the system’s work are revealed. The scientific tasks for the development of water resources and water economy management system are formulated.It is concluded that water is the major biosphere  cosystemforming factor depending on the capacity, consumptive water use methods, as well as other factors of water protection that should be within the competence of water resources management in order to improve the nation’s environment protection. Nevertheless, the Russian water resources and water economy management system remains behind the developed countries level, and it needs a speedy development in the directions indicated in the article.
Image-creating features of an outstanding Cossack — the hero of the novel “Chase” by Y. Mushketyk
Authors: Fedorenko Olha
Published: November 2019

The subject of the study is the interpretation of the folklore image of an outstanding Cossack character in the historical novel at the turn of the XX–XXI centuries. The appeal of this genre at the present stage to fictional sources and techniques, including myth, parables, fairy tales, fiction, games, compilations, violations of space-time linearity, etc., is a problematic field of wider research. The aim of the article is to determine functioning peculiarities of outstanding Cossack’s image in the artistic world of novel “Chase” by Y. Mushketyk. Results of the Study allowed to claim that in his novel “Chase” (1997) Y. Mushketyk modelled history in accordance to the modern tradition. The artist took the historical era of the Ruins as the basis of his story and led further narration on the principle of road, no wonder that at first sight the novel can be taken as an adventure novel. Pointing out the heredity of generations of outstanding Cossacks, the author prepares readers for perception of the hero, whose unusual abilities he reveals diversely throughout the work. Depicting a colorful portrait of Cossack Semen Belokobylka like a chimerical appearance of Cossack Mamai, Y. Mushketyk gives the novel “Chase” signs of a chimerical genre. According to the genre of road novel Y. Mushketyk reveals unusual abilities of the Cossack in lots of episodes of his journey. With the help of first person singular narration (“I-narration”), the artist transfers his feelings and emotions in extremely difficult conditions. Y. Mushketik gives the Cossack a good sense of humor as a part of his lifestyle. Liveliness gives the Cossack the power to continue the journey and complete the mission to rescue his brethren. In the reflections of outstanding Cossack, the author expresses the idea of the unity of Ukraine and Ukrainians, touches the problem of sense of living, giving the novel features of philosophical genre, significance and relevance of the present. The practical significance of the research results is the ability to form a model for the transformation of the folklore image into a literary one, extending the material of the study to other works of this genre and period.
Pneumothorax in neonates with meconium aspiration.
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Ahmad Mukhtar , Naeem Malik Muhammad , Ramzan Muhammad Amir
Published: November 2019

Objectives: Recent years have seen advances in respiratory supports for meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) but pneumothorax (PTX) still stands a significant indicator of disease severity. This study was aimed to determine the frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Pediatric Medicine, Unit 1, Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, and Department of Pediatric Medicine, Ghazi Khan Medical College/Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan. Period: 1st June 2017 to 30th September 2018. Material and Methods: A total of 736 patients with meconium aspiration of age 1-28 days and both genders were included. Patients with congenital heart anomalies and preterm infants were excluded. Presence or absence of PTX in each patient was noted. Results: Age range in this study was from 1 to 28 days with mean age of 12.80 ± 6.52 days. Majority of the patients 434 (58.97%) were between 1 to 14 days of age. Out of the 736 patients, 394 (53.53%) were male and 342 (46.47%) were females with male to female ratio of 1.2:1. Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration was found in 176 (23.91%) patients. Conclusion: Frequency of PTX in newborn with meconium aspiration is quite high. In every newborn with meconium aspiration, proper management should be done for early prevention as well as taking therapeutic measures in this particular population.
Effect of Eugenia Jambolana on number of inflammatory cells in gingivitis in albino rats.
Authors: Chaudhry Sana , Salahuddin Behzad , Amanat Amna , Bhutta Nadia , Arshad Muhammad Bilal , Khan Nasrullah
Published: November 2019

Objectives: This study was conducted to study the effect of Eugenia jambolana extract on the thickness of epithelium in albino rats. Study Design: This experimental study. Setting: Conducted in the animal house, Anatomy Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: July to August 2015. Material and Methods: Total 48 albino rats were taken in this study and were divided into three groups. Histological changes of the buccal mucosa were studied on 3rd, 4th, 10th and 20th day after the induction of gingivitis in both control and experimental group. Results: On day 3, the cellular infiltrate was three times in both experimental groups. The total count of neutrophils was 22.50±2.082, eosinophils was 50.00±1.414 in group 1B. In group 1C, the neutrophils count was 27.50±1.915, eosinophil count was 5.00±0.816. On day 4, in group-2B, no eosinophils were seen. Lymphocytes was 19.75±1.708, neutrophils was 6.50±1.219 and macrophages was 3.25±1.258. In group 2C, lymphocytes and macrophages present, very few neutrophils were also seen. Some fibroblast nuclei were seen. In group 2C, no eosinophils were seen. The lymphocytes count was 9.00±1.155, neutrophil count was 4.00±1.414 and macrophage count was 1.25±0.050. On day 10, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and few neutrophils were seen. In group3B, macrophages with large nucleus 3.25±0.95 lymphocytes 1.25 ±0.500 and few neutrophils 1.00±0.000 were also present. No eosinophils were present. In group 3C, less inflammatory cells (table 4) beneath the epithelium. The subepithelial tissue consisted of more lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.25±0.500.On day 20, very few lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.50±0.577 in experimental group 4B. In group 4C, lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.50±0.577 were present, no evidence of macrophages and eosinophils in group 4B and 4C. Conclusion: This study proved the beneficial effects of Eugenia jambolana on the healing of gingivitis. The contents in Eugenia jambolana have an anti-inflammatory action on soft tissues.
Functional outcomes of ACL reconstruction using hamstring auto graft.
Authors: Khan Zeeshan Ali , Altaf Benash , Javed Samia , Altaf Sadaf , Jawed Shireen
Published: November 2019

Objectives: The knee joint is made of two cruciate ligaments. One is anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) which is weaker when it comes to comparison with the other cruciate ligament known as posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). ACL tears are most common and frequently neglected. ACL tear is affecting 70% of the population and this high incidence reflects the significance of the problem. Reason of restoration of a torn ACL is to provide knee stability, knee motion in a safe wide range and to prevent osetoarthritis OA. The gold standard for ACL auto-graft reconstruction is bone patella-tendon bone (BTB) which is still questioned by many researchers as this technique followed subjects suffered from knee pain. So aim is to use and to access outcomes of hamstring auto-graft for reconstruction ACL by using Tegner’s score. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: Private based hospital, Faisalabad. Period: January 2017 to January 2019. Material and Methods: It was comprised of in comprised of 97 subjects recruited on the base of positive Tegners score. Demographic data including age was presented as mean and standard deviation. Data was stratified for the variables i.e. age, gender, duration of disease and pre-operative Tegner activity rating scale to address the effect modifiers. Post-stratification Chi-square test is applied to check the significance with P-value less than 0.05 as significant. Regression was applied to check the effect of age on Tegner’s scor. Results: This study comprised of 97 subjects (81 male, 16  females83.5.5% and 16.5% respectively from private setup based hospital with mean age of 31±11.1.Our study showed 96.9% subjects with improved Tegner’s scale after ACL reconstruction following hamstring autograph technique. Regression was also applied to check the effect of age on Tegner’s score which was found to be significant (p value0.00*). Conclusion: Hamstring technique showed good outcomes which can be used to reconstruct ACL for better quality lifestyle.
Evaluation of neoplastic bone lesions: A morphological study at a tertiary care centre.
Authors: Shah Karam Ali , Naqvi Qaiser Husain , Shah Saeed Ali , Soomro Zahoor Illahi , Akhund Muhammed Azeem , Abbasi Allah Nawaz
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To determine the pattern and frequency of various bone tumors at a tertiary care centre in rural area. Study Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Orthopaedic Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences (PUMHS), Nawabshah. Period: June to December 2018. Material and Methods:  The 5 years record from July 2015 to June 2018, of all the patients who were admitted and operated for any bone tumor was retrieved. A total of 68 cases were included in the study having complete file record, regardless of their age and sex, the histopathological report of their bone biopsy was mandatory for inclusion in the study. The patients of incomplete file record, without histopathological report and the cases of other bone non-neoplastic conditions were not included in the study. All the collected data was recorded on a proforma, analysed statistically and results were tabulated. Results: In present study 68 cases of bone tumors were evaluated. The patients were aged between 7.5 to 73 years with a mean of 26.4 + 12.7 years. Among these 68 cases 41 (60.3%) were male. The malignant tumors were diagnosed in 25 (36.8%) cases among these 14 (20.6%) cases in male patients and 11 (16.2%) cases in female. The overall benign tumors were observed in 43 (63.2%) cases, and among these 27 (39.7%) cases were male and 16 (23.5%) cases were female. Osteosarcoma was the most common malignant tumor diagnosed in 14/25 (56%) cases followed by chondrosarcoa in 4/25 (16%) cases. In benign tumors the osteochondroma was the commonest tumor detected in 11/43 (25.6%) cases followed by benign giant cell tumor which was diagnosed in 9/43 (21%) cases. Most of the malignant tumors (24%) were diagnosed in 11 - 20 years age group, and most of benign tumors were detected in 21-30 and 31- 40 age groups each comprising of 23.3% cases. Three cases of metastatic tumors were also diagnosed and all were present in older 61 – 70 years age group. Conclusion: The bone tumors are more common in males, occurred predominantly in the second decade of life. osteochondroma and osteosarcoma was the most common benign and malignant bone tumors. Metastatic lesions were observed in older age group.
Conservative management, a preferred first line method for treatment of epistaxis.
Authors: Javed Muhammad Awais
Published: November 2019

Epistaxis is defined as hemorrhage from nose where source of bleeding is inside the nose. There are many factors which can precipitate epistaxis. A number of treatment modalities are used for its treatment, conservative measures and nasal packing being the commonest method of treatment. Conservative method is an effective method of treatment and avoids potential complications of nasal packing. Objectives: To assess efficacy of conservative mode of treatment for epistaxis. Study Design: Prospective study. Settings: Department of Otorhinolaryngology, E.N.T. Unit-I, Allied Hospital/ Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Period: Three months i.e. from 16-10-2018 to 15-01-2019. Sample Size: 60. Material and Method: Procedure: 60 patients were enrolled according to inclusive and exclusive criteria. Conservative measures were applied to patients including cold water gargles, nasal pinching and Trotter’s method. Patients were observed for control of epistaxis and number of patients noted in whom conservative measures were not successful and nasal packing was done. No patient among the sample needed the surgical intervention due to failed conservative measures or nasal packing. Frequency and percentage calculated for data and chi-square test applied and level of <0.05 taken significant. Results: 60 patients enrolled with age range from 5-75 years and mean age as 39.53 years. Out of 60 patients, 38 were male and 22 were females. Out of 60 patients, 42 patients (70%) were treated successfully using conservative measures and 18 patients (30%) were treated with nasal packing. Conclusion: Based upon results of this study, it is concluded that conservative method of treatment of epistaxis is an effective and safe method and avoids potential complications which can occur due to nasal packing.
The association between pre hospital use of proton pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with liver cirrhosis.
Authors: Baloch Muhammad Hussain , Awan Riaz Hussain , Nayab Seema , Hussain Awan Khadim , Muhammad Awan Faqir
Published: November 2019

Objectives: To determine the association between pre hospital use of proton pump inhibitors and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients presenting with liver cirrhosis. Study Design: Case control study.  Setting: Department of Gastroenterology at Liaquat National Hospital Karachi. Period: Six months (From 1st – March-2017 to 31st – August-2017). Material and Methods: There were 120 patients with cirrhosis were included in this study. Sixty patients were cases with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) and 60 patients were control without spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. All patients were interviewed for pre hospital intake of PPI (as per operational definition). All the data was entered on predesigned proforma (attached). Results: The average age of the patients was 42.47±9.87 years. Rate of PPI use was significantly higher among cases with SBP (46.7%) as compared to the patients without SBP (23.3%). Conclusion: In conclusion, PPI use (acid suppression) was associated with the development of SBP in cirrhotic patients with ascites.  We recommend that PPI indications in cirrhotic patients should be frequently re-evaluated with particular attention devoted to duration of use, especially following endoscopic variceal ligation (EVL).
A Novel Image Encryption Scheme Based on Reversible Cellular Automata
Authors: Latif AliMohammad , Mehrnahad Zeinab
Published: November 2019

In this paper, a new scheme for image encryption is presented by reversible cellular automata. The presented scheme is applied in three individual steps. Firstly, the image is blocked and the pixels are substituted by a reversible cellular automaton. Then, image pixels are scrambled by an elementary cellular automata and finally the blocks are attached and pixels are substituted by an individual reversible cellular automaton. Due to reversibility of used cellular automata, decryption scheme can reversely be applied. The experimental results show that encrypted image is suitable visually and this scheme has satisfied quantitative performance.
Measurement for Phase Difference Rate without Phase Ambiguity
Authors: Tao Yu
Published: November 2019

Firstly, the direction finding solution at the midpoint of a single base array is given for the purpose of this paper and the several functions relation between phase and frequency is also described. Then, the expression of phase difference rate is described based on the multichannel phase difference measurement. With stripping time difference item correspond to the baseline length from phase difference rate, a function is extracted which signifies the differential characteristics of wavelength integer and phase difference in a unit of length. Simulation calculation found that the variation of differential function of path difference in a unit of length is very regular. The corresponding corrected value can is determine directly by distinguishing the range of differential item of phase difference obtained by actual measurement. Thus, the function expression can be obtained that is equivalence with the quondam differential function of path difference and that is nothing to do with the difference item of wavelength integer. On this basic, several parameters are analyzed by using the method of phase difference measurement without phase ambiguity. The research results in this paper may provide a powerful technical support for engineering practical design related to the phase measuring.
Study on the Crystal Structure and Microstructure Evolution of Shock-processed Titanium Powder
Authors: Sharma Akash Deep , Sharma A.K. , Thakur N.
Published: November 2019

Titanium powder was rapidly solidified by using shock-wave consolidation technique. The critical parameters were controlled by intrumented detonics and pin-oscillography. The compacted specimens were investigated for crystal structure and microstructural strengthening by using standard diagnostic techniques. The density of the final product was found to be greater than 96% of the theoretical value. X-ray diffraction pattern reveals intact crystalline structure without the presence of any undesired phases. The particle size reduction indicated by XRD was supported by laser diffraction based particle size analyzer. Results from energy dispersive spectroscopy ruled out the possibility of any segregation within the compacts. Scanning electron microscopy showed crack-free, voids-free, melt-free, fracture-less compacts of titanium with a unidirectional dendrite orientation without any grain-growth.
The Effect of Methacrylic Acid and Maleic Acid on the Isothermal Kinetics of Acrylic Acid Crosslinking Co-polymerization under Conventional and Microwave Heating
Authors: Jovanovic Jelena Dragoslav , Adnadjevic Borivoj
Published: November 2019

The kinetics of free-radical crosslinking co-polymerization (FRCCP) of acrylic acid (AA) with both methacrylic acid (MA) (PAMA hydrogel ) and maleic acid (MAL) (PAMAL hydrogel) was investigated under the conditions of isothermal conventional heating (CH) and under the conditions of microwave heating (MWH) with controlled cooling.   The kinetics curves of FRCCP of PAMA and PAMAL hydrogels under the conditions of CH are described with the kinetics model of second order chemical reaction, whereas the kinetics curves under the conditions of CH are described with the kinetics model of Polany-Winger.  It is proved that MWH leads to the changes in the rate of  FRCCP and to the changes in the values of the kinetic parameters (activation energy (Ea) and pre-exponential factor (lnA).  It was found the existence of relationship between the values of the kinetic parameters calculated for MWH and CH for PAMA and PAMAL hydrogel synthesis process, which is well-known as compensation effect. The effect of MWH on the kinetics of FRCCP for PAMA and PAMAL hydrogel formation were explained by applying the model of activation by selective energy transfer (SET). The changes in kinetics model, rate of FRCCP and kinetics parameters, caused with the MWH can found wide application in designing novel technologies for obtaining polymers and for synthesis of polymers with  novel physico-chemical properties.  The suggested mechanism of activation for polymerisation under the conditions of MWH also enables development of novel reaction systems and technologies for polymers productions.
Особенности формирования кадрового резерва в органах местного самоуправления на сельских территориях
Authors: Третьякова Лариса Александровна
Published: November 2019

Технологические направления формирования кадрового резерва в органах местного самоуправления на сельских территориях являются одним из значимых средств достижения главной цели административной реформы — создание эффективной и компактной системы управления территориями, регионами и государством, качественно и быстро осуществляющей свои функции в интересах граждан и общества. Предметом исследования выступают организационно-экономические и управленческие отношения, определяющие формирование кадрового резерва в органах местного самоуправления на сельских территориях. Необходимость формирования кадрового резерва обусловлена тем, что внутренние кадровые ресурсы муниципальной службы на сельских территориях недостаточны, поэтому особую актуальность приобретает исследование технологической составляющей формирования и эффективного использования кадрового резерва в органах местного самоуправления на сельских территориях. Обоснованы технологические направления формирования кадрового резерва в органах местного самоуправления на сельских территориях; предложен диагностический инструментарий ежегодной оценки эффективности деятельности органов местного самоуправления по формированию кадрового резерва. Представленные научно обоснованные рекомендации и предложения могут быть применены в органах местного самоуправления при разработке социально-экономических проектов и программ, направленных на оптимизацию и повышение эффективности кадровой политики.
Regression Test Suite Study using Classic Statistical Methods and Machine Learning
Authors: Patil Abhinandan H.
Published: November 2019

This work is inter disciplinary in nature. This work tries to apply latest discoveries in Artificial Intelligence to classic testing methodologies. Machine Learning which is the field of Artificial Intelligence is explored in this work. Thework demonstrates that provided the test team maintains the required data, Machine Learning Algorithms can aid in deciphering patterns from the test data. Patterns of interest are the relation between testers experience in the project and bugs uncovered, relations between the testers experience and the efficiency of test case with respect to code coverage and test execution time. Relation between testers experience and efficiency of test case with respect to code coverage and executiontime, relation between testers experience and bugs uncovered are explored using classic statistical techniques and clustering Machine Learning Algorithms. This clustering can be of immense help in test selection, prioritization, pruning and Regression test execution time reduction.
Teknik Pengumpulan Data Sampel Tumbuhan Untuk Pembuatan Spesimen Herbarium
Authors: Rizki Rizki , M Des
Published: November 2019

Kekayaan vegetasi yang sangat tinggi dapat terdokumentasikan dengan baik dengan pembuatan spesimen herbarium. Herbarium merupakan bagian tumbuhan yang sudah diawetkan dengan teknik-teknik tertentu, diberi label identitas dan umumnya digunakan untuk keperluan ilmiah. Herbarium juga disebut juga dengan gedung atau tempat dimana spesimen itu disimpan. Pembuatan herbarium melewati beberapa tahapan mulai dari pengambilan spesimen kelapangan, pengawetan sementara dilapangan, pengeringan, mounting dan penyimpanan spesimen. Pembuatan spesimen herbarium ini bertujuan untu mendokumentasikan kekeyaaan tumbuhan. Sedangkan manfaatnya dapat digunakan untuk penelitian dan bahan pembelajaran baik di sekolah menengah maupun di perguruan tinggi
Creating a Shared Representational Space
Authors: Oláh Katalin , Elekes Fruzsina , Király Ildikó
Published: November 2019

The mechanisms that make the unique sociality of humans possible have long been in the focus of cognitive science. In this paper, we review recent advancements in the study of three fundamental social cognitive functions (social categorization, theory of mind and social learning) in order to outline a theory that emphasizes the need to consider their interconnectedness. We propose that the ability to represent the social world along categories and the capacity to read others’ minds are used in an integrated way to efficiently assess the epistemic states of fellow humans by creating a shared representational space. We propose that the emergence of this shared representational space is both the result of and a prerequisite to efficiently learn about the physical and social environment.
The Modified Law of Effect Explains the Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect
Authors: Seitz Benjamin M , Stolyarova Alexandra , Blaisdell Aaron
Published: November 2019

Thorndike’s Law of Effect provides a framework for understanding the selection of behaviors given specific environmental reward contingencies. Though a highly influential model, especially given its resurgence in popularity to understand habitual behaviors, it fails to predict several well-documented behavioral phenomena and incorrectly views extinction as the unlearning of a previously acquired association. Blaisdell, Stolyarova, & Stahlman (2016) proposed modifications to Thorndike’s original law that address these issues and greatly increases the model’s explanatory power. This modified Law of Effect (MLOE) also provides a testable account of the Partial Reinforcement Extinction Effect (PREE). The PREE is the paradoxical finding of more rapid extinction to a continuously reinforced cue than to a partially reinforced cue, and has challenged many theoretical accounts of learning. Simulations of the MLOE confirm these predictions. Two experimental paradigms, one using pigeons and the other using humans, show support for the Modified Law of Effect’s explanation of the PREE.
The changing face of desktop video game monetisation: An exploration of trends in loot boxes, pay to win, and cosmetic microtransactions in the most-played Steam games of 2010-2019
Authors: Zendle David , Ballou Nick , Meyer Rachel
Published: November 2019

It is now common practice for video game companies to not just sell copies of games themselves, but to also sell in-game bonuses or items for a small real-world fee. These purchases may be purely aesthetic (cosmetic microtransactions); confer in-game advantages (pay to win microtransactions), or contain randomised contents of uncertain value (loot boxes).The growth of microtransactions has attracted substantial interest from both gamers, academics, and policymakers. However, it is not clear either how prevalent these features are in desktop games, or when any growth in prevalence occurred.In order to address this, we analysed the play history of the 463 most-played Steam desktop games from 2010 to 2019. Results of exploratory joinpoint analyses suggested that cosmetic microtransactions and loot boxes experienced rapid growth during 2012-2014, leading to high levels of prevalence by April 2019: 71.28% of the sample played games with loot boxes at this point, and 85.89% played games with cosmetic microtransactions. By contrast, pay to win microtransactions did not appear to experience similar growth in desktop games during the period, rising gradually to a prevalence of 17.38% by November 2015, at which point growth decelerated significantly (p<0.001) to the point where it was not significantly different from zero (p=0.32).
The Revolutionary Role of Abulcasis in the History of Surgery
Authors: Baker Diya , Abdallah Yusuf
Published: November 2019

The Islamic golden era was named as such in recognition of the advancement of human knowledge in addition to the efficacy at which it took place. A time which spanned the late 7th century until the early 14th century saw the illumination of medical practices and transmission of the scriptures to Europe. This naturally led to the rise of renaissance science. Arab intelligentsias such as Avicenna and Abulcasis were the driving gears behind this movement.Abulcasis, born in Andalucía in the year 936 AD, is renowned for delivering his innovations in a thirty-volume medical and surgical encyclopaedia known as ‘Kitab Al Tasrif’ which translates to the Book of Concessions. Housed within, are the roots of many modern-day technologies that are still used and a base of knowledge that was beyond his time. In a time where Europe’s biggest library held a mere thirty-six volumes, Abulcasis was designing one device after the other. The discrepancy in knowledge between the East and the West was made more apparent when one of Abulcasis’ innovations, the vaginal speculum, was not fully understood and one of its parts were erroneously deemed to be for decoration.His excellence in areas of obstetrics and gynaecology, breast surgery, herbal medicine and neurosurgery were made clear throughout his discussions within Kitab Al Tasrif. He was also a keen educator as he strived to encourage the then-tabooed study of anatomy post-mortem.Abulcasis truly had a significant effect on today’s medicine and surgery.International Journal of Human and Health Sciences Vol. 04 No. 01 January’20 Page : 8-14
On fractional Liénard--type systems
Authors: Fleitas A. , Mendez-Bermudez J. A. , Napoles Valdes J. E. , Sigarreta Almira J. M.
Published: November 2019

In this work we present numerical results of classical Li\'{e}nard--type systems in a very general context, since we consider several types of derivatives (integer order and fractional order, global and local). Additionally we made theoretical-methodological observations. En este trabajo presentamos resultados num´ericos de sistemas tipo Li´enard en un contexto muy general ya que consideramos varios tipos dederivadas (de orden entero y fraccionario, globales y locales). Adicionalmente hacemos observaciones te ´oricas y metodol´ogicas.
Projective method for spinorial techniques: Unifying calculational schemes of Dirac amplitudes
Authors: Sanchez E. , Moreno M.
Published: November 2019

There have been numerous approaches to the calculation of spin dependent amplitudes for Dirac particles. All of them have their own advantages, particularly, the standard method of calculation, based on the multiplication by the unit, has a few shortcomings. In this work we use the closure property of the Dirac spinors to present a general method for the amplitude computation. It is shown that the massless spinor method and the helicity spinor method can be formulated through this method. Finally, we get an example of this calculation procedure computing the spin dependentamplitude for the Compton process.