bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bridging the Skill Gap Through Internships: Stakeholders Theory Perspective
Authors:   Associate Prof. & Head, Dept. of Social Work (SFS), Madras Christian College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India., BELINDA R.
Published: May 2023

The skill gap among the youth of today is widening and is resulting in unemployability. It is time to revisit the education system and work strategies to develop employability skills among students. One such strategy can be incorporating internships in the curriculum at the undergraduate and postgraduate levels across disciplines. While offering an internship course, it is of utmost importance that the stakeholders involved, namely the primary stakeholders, which include the interning student, the Higher Educational Institution (HEI) and the organisation in which the intern is placed, should maintain continuous communication through which all three of them benefit. This paper attempts to examine the perception of the stakeholders about bridging the skill gap through internships, and their advantages and challenges.
Trends in the development of teaching methods in educational institutions: the curriculum of the discipline for higher education applicants of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty "011 Educational, pedagogical sciences"
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Trubacheva Svitlana
Published: May 2023

The purpose of the discipline "Trends in the development of teaching methods in educational institutions" is: to create conditions for quality theoretical and practical training of candidates for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty 011 for the development of methodological competence. The main objectives of the discipline are the formation of integrated competence, and the number of general competencies, such as: the ability to use innovative information technologies, the ability to think creatively (generate new ideas), to make effective decisions in the implementation of scientific research and professional-pedagogical activities, the ability to apply the best educational and pedagogical practices in professional and pedagogical activities, the ability to motivate participants in the educational process and move towards a common educational goal, the ability to reflect on research and professional pedagogical activity. Also a number of professional competencies, such as: didactic-methodical, digital (digital), research and design competence, research and design, control and evaluation, innovation and research and reflection and research competence.
Formation and development of educational content. Modern technologies in education the curriculum of the discipline for higher education applicants of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the specialty " 014 Secondary education "
Authors:   Institute of Pedagogy of the National Academy of Educational Sciences of Ukraine, Zasiekina Tetiana
Published: May 2023

Course "Formation and development of educational content. Modern technologies in education" takes into account the systematized set of main laws of the theory of formation of the content of education and the theory of learning in modern conditions of obtaining a complete general secondary education and lifelong learning. In the content of the discipline the tendencies of development of the content of education (foreign and domestic experience) are considered, didactic approaches to its construction are presented. On the basis of psychological-pedagogical and sociological analysis of the structure of personality, structure of activity and structure of educational process the basic components of the maintenance of education are allocated, their functions and interrelations determining the corresponding technologies in education are defined. Acquaintance and mastering of modern innovative technologies in education opens wide prospects and new opportunities in the educational process.
Reparations as Development? Evidence from Victims of the Colombian Armed Conflict
Authors: Guarin Arlen , Londoño-Vélez Juliana , Posso Christian
Published: June 2023

Our study is the first to investigate the effects of reparations for victims of gross human rights violations. In Colombia, victims of forced displacement, homicide, and other atrocities during the conflict received a lump-sum payment equal to three times their annual household income. Using novel linked administrative microdata and event studies, we show that reparations help victims rebuild their lives and significantly improve their well-being and that of their children. Specifically, reparations promote investment in physical and human capital, leading to enhanced living and health conditions, better educational outcomes, and increased asset-building and entrepreneurship, despite slightly discouraging labor supply.
The persistence of segregation in education: Evidence from historical elites and ethnic surnames in Colombia
Authors: Jaramillo-Echeverri Juliana , Álvarez Andrés
Published: June 2023

Inequality in access to high-quality education can hinder the ability of education to promote intergenerational mobility. Looking at the case of Colombia, one of the most unequal and least mobile countries in Latin America, we evaluate whether contemporary differences in access to high-quality education have deep roots in the past. We use several past and contemporary sources to define social status attributes for several historical groups. Assuming that sufficiently rare surnames are part of the same extended family, we trace dynasties of indigenous, encomenderos (Spaniard colonial officers), 19th century slave-owners, and members of different educational, social, and business elites of the 17th, late 19th and the beginning of the 20th centuries. Using microdata from administrative sources, we provide evidence of social segregation in education and test if the historical status of each social group is associated with access to disadvantageous or privileged educational institutions. The results show that the original social status of the historical groups is highly associated with their contemporary performance in educational outcomes. We explore assortative mating as a mechanism for perpetuating segregation in education. We find evidence of homogamy within the historical elites and ethnic surnames. We conclude that the educational system in Colombia reproduces patterns of social exclusion rooted in the past.
A Manpower Planning Process for the Institutions of Higher Education in the Inter-American Division
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Archbold Carlos
Published: May 2023

Problem. Manpower Planning is a part of the administrative process of an organization. The Inter-American Division of Seventh-day Adventists operates a program in higher education through eight institutions which serves the countries of the Division. This educational program is not equipped with a planning process that will provide the professional manpower for these institutions as they grow and expand their current offering of programs. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to describe the availability of the professional manpower at these institutions and suggest a manpower planning process to be incorporated in the administrative function of these institutions. Method. The study utilized the descriptive method of research. The literature was reviewed to gather information related to the techniques of manpower planning. The data were collected by reviewing all available information on the institutions involved in the study such as master plans and self studies and the annual statistical reports of the General Conference. Additional information was gathered by the utilization of a professional manpower inventory form mailed to the institutions involved in the study. Conclusions. The major conclusions drawn from the information and experience gained as a result of this study are: (1) A manpower planning process will aid in providing stability and quality to the higher education program in the Inter-American Division. (2) The Inter-American Division has the potential to expand its educational program based on the youth population that builds its constituency. (3) New programs must be included so that graduates may explore the job market outside the denominational structure. Recommendations. The following recommendations are presented: (1) A uniform system of self-evaluation and progress reports should be implemented. (2) A manpower planning process should be implemented at the local level of each institution. (3) An effective institutional research program should be implemented at each institution. (4) A manpower file that would include all the professional manpower available should be created. (5) A coordinated educational program between the more developed institutions and the less developed ones should be established. (6) An effort must be made to develop an awareness among the administrators of the institutions of the importance of accurate reports regarding the operation of the institutions.
Potential Goals of the National University of Rwanda as Perceived by Senate Members, Faculty, and Students, with Implications for the Adventist University of Central Africa
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Bahimba Phénias
Published: May 2023

Problem. The Republic of Rwanda granted the request of the Seventh-day Adventist Church to establish and operate a private university. Rwanda agreed to provide land and recognize degrees and diplomas. The church agreed to have its programs approved by the Ministry of Higher Education. This study was to identify and determine the potential goals of higher education in Rwanda that could serve as guidelines for the Adventist University of Central Africa. Method. The population included all twenty-eight academic senate members, 110 faculty members, and 285 randomly selected students enrolled at the National University of Rwanda (1981-82 school year). The data-gathering instrument used was the French version of the Institutional GoalsInventory. Two statistical methods were used: descriptive analysis, and analysis of significance using the t-test for correlated samples, one-way analysis of variance, and the Scheffe a-posteriori test. Summary of Major Findings. The major findings were as follows: (1) All rating groups unanimously agreed that there was a discrepancy between "Is" and "Should Be" in each goalstatement and goal area. (2) All unanimously agreed on the highest need priority-goalstatement in the following areas: Individual Development, Humanism/Altruism (top-ranking priority), Vocational Preparation, Advanced Training, Research, Meeting Local Needs, Democratic Governance, and Innovation. (3) There was a significant difference between themeans of "Is" and "Should Be" goals in each of the fourteen goal areas and among theperceptions of the senate, faculty, and students. Conclusions. It would appear from the consensus of discrepancies between "Is" and "Should Be" goals that the institution was in need of improvement. These should provide an agenda for study of goals and programs for the Adventist University of Central Africa. Recommendations. It is suggested that the Adventist University of Central Africa consider the following recommendations: (1) Use this study as a framework for developing goalsand curricula; (2) Determine the religious, intellectual, occupational, physical, and social goals consistent with the purposes of Adventist higher education; (3) Direct goals to meet the needs of the Adventist society in francophone Africa (4) Include representatives from local Adventist churches in the process of goal identification and determination of priorities (5) Conduct a similar study at the conclusion of the first academic year, and thereafter at regular intervals to facilitate self-study and evaluation (6) Undertake a study to assess continuing-education need for personal and professional development of the worker force of the church in francophone Africa.
A Study of Selected Administrative Issues in the History and Development of Newbold College
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Beardsell Derek
Published: May 2023

Problem. Newbold College, England, has existed since 1902. No detailed study has been made of its development, even though it has played a major part in the preparation of the Seventh-day Adventist work force in large areas of Europe and elsewhere. The purpose of this study is to describe and, where possible, analyze the administrative issues relating to the founding, the frequent relocations of the college, the attainment of full college status, the influence of World War II, and the effect of internationalization upon the college. These issues are discussed in a historical framework of the institution. Method. The documentary method of research has been adopted for this study whereby the archives of the Adventist church in North America and England have been researched and suitable material photocopied and filed. A questionnaire was sent to 120 persons selected because of their connection with the college. Approximately eighty of these were returned and they were used as a basis of information and for further personal contact. Taped interviews were conducted with several key individuals and personal correspondence undertaken with numerous others. Conclusions. The founding of the college depended largely on the efforts of the first principal, Homer R. Salisbury, who was well-suited in skill and temperament for the task. The frequent relocations of the college restricted its development in size and delayed its progress towards senior status, an objective that took far longer than previously thought. Internationalization was partly the process of upgrading. It was also partly the result of the missionary movement within the college and partly the by-product of the situation of the college at the center of the English-speaking world. World War II changed the course of the college by removing it from its prewar facility, by emphasizing the need for upgrading, and by speeding up the process of development towards senior status. Its effect upon the economy of the British Adventist church was such as to necessitate the transfer of the college to a broader based administration in order for it to develop to its full potential.
A Statistical Model for Seventh-day Adventist White English-Speaking Church Growth in the United States
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Cummings Des
Published: May 2023

Problem. Until 1983 there was no statistical model for projecting church growth among white English-speaking Seventh-day Adventist churches in the United States. The purpose of this study was to identify a forecasting model based on the variables that were gathered from pastor and local church reports. Thegeneral hypothesis was that a significant predictive relationship existed between some combination of report variable/factors and the rate of church growth or decline. This hypothesis was subdivided into four specific hypotheses. Method. One hundred forty-five churches were randomly selected from the white English-speaking churches in the United States. The financial, membership, pastor, and Sabbath School reports were collected from the local conference archives for the three-year period, 1976-1978. The report data was categorized into sixty-two independent and four dependent variables. The independent variables were factor analyzed. Four prediction models were identified by stepwise multiple regression analysis using the factors as predictors. Results. The data analysis was based on returns from 133 churches--a 92 percent return rate. Eleven factors were extracted from the data. The multiple R achieved for the four prediction models ranged from .344 to .529. Three of the prediction models obtained a significance level of .01 and one a level of .05. Thus all four of the hypotheses of this study were supported. Conclusions. (1) Baptismal Growth is associated with a combination of the following factors: Evangelism, Pastor Tenure, Ingathering, Religious Education--Outreach, Proclamation, Discretionary Giving, and Conference Projects. (2) Dropping members from the church is associated with a combination of the following factors: Religious Education--Outreach, Proclamation, Pastor Tenure, Discretionary Giving, Obligatory Stewardship, and Sabbath School Evangelism. (3)The primary factor for predicting actual growth is Obligatory Stewardship. (4) Actual growth is also associated with a combination of five other factors: Evangelism, Pastor Tenure, Sabbath School Evangelism, Institutional Church, and Ingathering. (5) Kingdom growth is associated with a combination of four factors: Pastor Tenure, Evangelism, Proclamation, and Ingathering. In summary, the 1976-1978 Adventist reporting system is useful for predicting the four indices of church growth. However, the overarching conclusion of this study is that some important variables/factors related to church growth are absent.
A Model for the Development and Administration of a Modern Television Complex for Private Colleges and Universities
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Denton Paul
Published: May 2023

Problem. There are virtually no model designs available for television complexes to meet the needs of private colleges and universities. These institutions must meet educational specifications for new or remodeled complexes within strict limits in space and money. The purpose of this study was to develop a model complex and administration of a cost efficient design. Method. The study utilized the descriptive and developmental methods. Literature was reviewed to gather concepts related to complex facilities, hardware, administration and personnel. Twelve functioning television complexes were visited using a thirty-four item criteria list to evaluate each complex, its hardware, administrative structure, and programs. Conclusions. Major conclusions drawn as a result of information and experience gained during the course of the study were that: (1) The planning process for a small facility is similar to, yet distinct from larger complexes. (2) Cost efficiency of planning, establishment, and operation are essential. (3) Expenditures for media including video tape can only be justified when it becomes an integral pat of instruction. (4) Low cost quality hardware and systematic development of instructional materials make such a program operable. (5) Smaller facilities are needed as electronic technology has allowed moving to remote locations without large crews or remote trucks. (6)A consolidated media program would be more cost efficient by ridding duplication in services. (7) Flexibility must be planned into the complex hardware, administrative structure, and personnel to meet the needs of the future. (8) Establishment of a complex is a fixed sequence task that can be carefully planned. Recommendations. The following recommendations are presented: (1) The model developed in this study should be field tested by small colleges and universities planning a television complex and revised in light of this experience. (2) The planning process for a television complex should have stopping off points when need is not clearly established to warrant any expenditures. (3) The planning process should be closely analyzed in order to make certain the facility, hardware, and personnel are cost efficient yet functional to meet investigated needs.
Analysis of Fund-Raising Activities In Regard to Alumni Giving at Bethel College
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Drew Homer
Published: May 2023

Problem. This study addressed the problem of how small Christian institutions of higher education may best organize and manage their fund-raising programs to maximize alumni support. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze what would be the best strategy in working with alumni. Method. An experimental design was used with a pre-test/post-test control group. Six different treatments for stimulating alumni giving were studied: "Dear Friend" letter, telethon, personalized letter, gimmick letter, incentive letter, and personal visitation. The study was limited to Bethel College and included three hundred alumni randomly selected and given one of the six treatments. The results of the study were determined by the use of analysis of covariance with one and two covariants. Further statistical analyses included a-priori tests, histograms, chi-squares, and scatterplots. The analyses included both the actual dollar amounts received from the six treatments as well as the expenses incurred in conducting the treatments. Results. The results showed that personal visitation produced the most dollars; however, telethon was the most cost-efficient, followed closely by personal visitation and then by incentive letter, "dear friend" letter, personal letter, and gimmick letter. Recommendations. Recommendations based on the study were: (1) that the results of the study be reviewed by the fund raisers of small private colleges and universities and that they implement the most productive methods, personal vistation and telethon; as the primary means of raising funds from alumni; (2) that personal visitation should be the chief method of fund raising among alumni as long as expenses are minimized (this can be accomplished by either cutting the dollar amounts or researching individuals in detail to determine if their gifts will be significant); (3) that since cost analysis proved telethon produced the best results, it should be seriously considered as a means of fundraising; (4) that letter writing as a means of fundraising from alumni be used after personal contact; and (5) that since the incentive letter proved to be the best income producer of the four letters, it should be the preferred letter used in fund raising (for variety it can be followed respectively by the "Dear Friend" letter, personal letter, and gimmick letter).
The Implications of the Piagetian Stages to Readiness for Baptism
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Gutekunst Daniel
Published: May 2023

The Problem. This study was designed to discover how children from Seventh-day Adventist families react to their baptism after the event. Do they feel that they were "ready" at the time of baptism? Do they think they understood the Bible doctrines when they were baptized? Which people and factors influenced them in their decision? Have these children reached cognitive maturity according to the Formal Operations stage in Piagetian terms, the stage at which children are accountable for their decisions. Method. A questionnaire of thirty-three questions was given to children in selected Adventist schools who had been baptized between June 1972 and June 1982. Five hundred and eighty two answered these questions. Chi Square tests were employed to analyze the data. All the answers reported on the questionnaires were related to the Piagetian stages of cognitive development and especially to the level of Formal Operations beginning at around 10-11 years according to Jean Piaget. Results. The research indicated that the peak age for baptism was 12 years in the Seventh-day Adventist church and that most of the children felt ready when they were baptized. However, as they grew older more felt that they did not understand Bible doctrines as well as when they decided to be baptized, and considered they were too young at the time of baptism. Concerning the degrees of influence in their decision for baptism the children as a whole revealed that the parents had the greatest influence, followed by their minister, adult relatives and friends, peers, and a week of spiritual emphasis. In the research a progression was found toward maturation from age 6 to 14 and above, supported in large measure by Piagetian stages of cognitive development. Conclusion. The findings of the study conducted among Seventh-day Adventist children about readiness for baptism support in part Piaget's theory of cognitive development. When they wait until the Formal Operations stage, young people are aware of the importance of the decision for baptism. It is "their" commitment, a step forward in their spiritual life, encouraged by their environment, their family, their church and their school.
The Self Perceptions of School Principals Compared to Their Actual Performance on Certain Affective Traits
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Holtgren Michael
Published: May 2023

Problem. The role of the school principal is paramount in the operation of a school system, and affective behavior is an essential part of that role. It was the purpose of the study to determine if a discrepancy exists between the self-perceptions of principals as affective educators and their actual performance. Method. Thirty-two school principals, their superintendents, and a sampling of their teachers were studied. The self-perceptions of the principals were identified concerning eight affective traits and eight school-climate factors. The superintendent and teachers evaluated their principal's performance on these traits and factors. The Charles F. Kettering Foundation "School Climate Inventory" and an affective trait questionnaire developed by the researcher were used to measure the principal's performance. Data was analyzed using mean scores, a Chi square analysis, and the Pearson product-moment formula to develop correlation coefficients. Results. A school principal possessing strong positive self-perceptions on the stated affective traits does not necessarily perform as a professional leader in those areas. A similarity, but no significant relationship, existed between the perceptions of the superintendents and the perceptions of their principals regarding the principals' performances. No similarity or significant relationship existed between principals and their teachers regarding the principals' performances. No similarity, but a significant relationship, existed between the perceptions of the superintendents and the teachers regarding their principal's performance. Conclusions. Differences exist between the way principals perceive their affective performance and the reality of that performance as evidenced by their superintendents, their teachers, and the building climate within their buildings. Superintendents rate the performances of their principals considerably higher than do the teachers. Principals perceive themselves as strong in the affective domain, but their performance does not support those self-perceptions.
Relationship Between Four Temperament Types and Nineteen Spiritual Gifts
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Joachim Roland
Published: May 2023

Problem. No studies have been found that examine empirically the possible relationship between temperament and spiritual gifts. Traditionally they have been seen as offspring of discrete disciplines, the former belonging to the realm of psychology and the latter to theology. When some writers recently hypothesized a possible correlation between temperament and spiritual gifts, others discredited the notion. This study was undertaken to investigate the possible correlation between the traditional four temperament types and a selection of nineteen spiritual gifts of the New Testament. Method. The data base for this study consisted of 1,067 Christian graduate students and church members from Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Kansas. Subjects were of both sexes and included Blacks, Caucasians, and Hispanics. Two standardized instruments were administered: Temperament Inventory (Cruise & Blitchington,1977) and The Spiritual Gifts Inventory (Naden & Cruise, 1981). Seven null hypotheses were formulated and tested. Results. The findings suggest that there is a correlation between the four temperament types and spiritual gifts of the New Testament. However, some gifts did not appear in any correlation, e.g., the gift of Martyrdom. This may be because or the size of the components of the sample. In the case of Caucasians, the relationships are similar for both sexes. The samples for the other two ethnic groups were too small for a comparison of sexes within and between the groups. One notable difference among the Hispanic subject lies in the fact that there was no correlation between the gift of administration and any temperament. This absence may be attributed to the reduced size or the quality of this sample. The relationships found could be summarized as follows: (UNFORMATTED TABLE FOLLOWS) Temperament Gift Sanguine Choleric Melancholic Phlegmatic Primary Administration Leadership Evangelism WisdomSecondary Leadership WisdomTertiary Hospitality Helps (TABLE ENDS) (1) There is a significant correlation between the sanguine tem- perament and the gifts of administration, leadership, and hospitality. (2) There is a significant correlation between the choleric tempera- ment and the gifts of leadership, wisdom, and helps. (3) There is a correlation between the melancholic temperament and the gift of evangelism. (4) There is a correlation between the phlegmatic temperament and the gift of wisdom. (5) Not all the gifts appear in the correlation with the four temperaments.
Androgynous Coping Behaviors: a Test of Bem's Sex-Role Theory
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Lukman Roy
Published: May 2023

Purpose. The purpose of this research was to elucidate the ministry of lay elders as it is suggested in the New Testament and to construct a model for the ministry of local church elders in the Inca Union Mission. Method. This study was documentary and theological. The primary source was the New Testament, specifically the gospels, the book of Acts, and the epistles. Secondary literature was employed to support the biblical findings of the elders' tasks. Conclusions. In harmony with the teaching of the Scriptures regarding early church organization and leadership, elders are selected by the local church and ordained to function primarily as shepherds, leaders, and teachers in their local communities. Selection by the church is on the basis of character and appropriate spiritual gifts. The proposed model of elders' ministry includes: a selection process, training for specific ministry, organization into a Board of Elders, implementation of ministry, all within a professional pastoral supervision. This model is proposed as the formalization of the process of training modeled by Jesus Christ and the apostles. It is proposed that the implementation of this model will facilitate church growth in two ways: first by slowing the present rates of apostasy in the Inca Union Mission through nurture and second by increasing the effectiveness of outreach with the community.
Examiner Bias and Intelligence Test Scoring : a Study of the Effect of Speech-Handicapped Responses on the Scoring of the WISC-R Comprehension Subtest
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Peyser Julia
Published: May 2023

Problem One of the concerns in education today is bias in intelligence tests. Examiner bias and the expectancy effect is largely ignored. An unexplored variable in the research is an examinee's speech handicap and the effect it may produce in the scoring of an intelligence test. Method Identical responses to the Comprehension subtest of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised were audiotaped on separate cassettes by two children, one with and one with no speech handicap. Sixty-four examiners, thirty-two practicing psychologists and thirty-two graduate students of psychology, were randomly assigned to score the responses on one of the tapes. Sixteen of each group of examiners scored the responses by the child with the speech handicap; sixteen of each group scored the responses of the child with no speech handicap. A two-way analysis of variance and the test of simple effects were utilized to analyze the obtained scores. Results 1. There was no significant difference between overall means of scores awarded to the speech-handicapped and non-speech-handicapped responses. 2. There was a significant difference between the scores awarded by the practicing psychologists and the graduate psychology students to the speech-handicapped responses. The psychologists gave the lowest mean score to these responses, the students the highest. 3. There was no significant interaction between type of examiner and type of response. 4. There was a surprisingly wide range of scores overall--a range of two standard deviations. 5. The range of scores awarded by the psychologists was greater than that awarded by the graduate students. 6. Each group awarded a wider range of scores to the speech-handicapped responses than to the non-speech-handicapped responses. 7. The graduate students awarded higher mean scores than did the psychologists to each type of response. Conclusions The results corroborate the body of research which has found widely different IQ's obtained by different examiners and that the examiners' experience level is not a significant factor in obtaining more reliable or consistent results in the scoring of test responses. The wider range of scores awarded by each group of examiners to the speech-handicapped responses, as well as the significant difference in their scoring of these responses, exemplify the wide variety of effects a speech handicap has on examiners, ranging from one that is negative to one of compensation, i.e., a negative to a positive "halo effect."
Frederick Griggs, Seventh-day Adventist Educator and Administrator
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Reye Arnold
Published: May 2023

Problem. Frederick Griggs was a pivotal figure in the development of Seventh-day Adventist education. As an administrator he was influential in clarifying educational goals, defining the scope of the educational program, and building the structure and organization necessary to achieve and maintain an educational system. Despite his considerable contribution to Adventist education, there has been no comprehensive investigation of his life. Method. This study has investigated Grigg's life from the perspective of his work as an educational administrator. A historical-documentary method of research has been used. Major sources have been collections of official correspondence; minutes of committees, boards, and faculties; official records of institutions; church periodicals; and miscellaneous archival materials. These sources have been reposited in the archives of the General Conference of Seventh-day Adventists, the Ellen G. White Estate, and the archives of the institutions with which Griggs was associated. Conclusions. Griggs served the Seventh-day Adventist church for fifty-nine years, thirty-five of which were in the field of educational administration. As an educational administrator he was principal of a preparatory school, academy principal, president of two colleges, and twice served terms as executive secretary of the General Conference Department of Education. As executive secretary of the Department of Education, Griggs led in the development of a comprehensive system of schools, elementary through college, accompanied by appropriate organizational structures for the governance and maintenance of the system. As academy and college administrator, Griggs translated goals into educational practice, stimulated growth in enrollments and campus facilities, encouraged the professional development of faculties, and molded the values and belief systems of students. In leadership style, Griggs was open, collegial, and democratic. As an administrator he demonstrated competency in such important administrative processes as planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. Likewise, he revealed skill in handling the technical, human-relations, and conceptual demands of his work. Griggs left a lasting impression upon Adventist education.
Religious Value Transmission Among Seventh-day Adventist White American Families : A Cognitive Approach to Parental Values and Relationship as Perceived by Youth
Authors:   ,   Andrews University, Villenueve Claude
Published: May 2023

Three research questions were examined: (1) What role does cognitive-attribution play in religious value transmission? (2) Is there a generation gap in the religious values of Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) families? (3) What is the influence of parental support on value transmission? The Religious Value Transmission Study (RVTS) questionnaire was developed. The internal reliabilities of the fundamental belief, attitude, and behavior scales was, for each scale, above .80. A factor analysis with a rotation of factors confirmed the construct validity of the scales. A nation-wide random selection of SDA college freshmen and sophomores, and their parents returned 1089 questionnaires representing an answer rate of 61 percent for the students and 65 percent for the parents. Thus, 228 daughter-parents and 135 son-parents triads were gathered and analyzed using correlational and group mean comparisons. The ninety null hypotheses and subhypotheses were tested at .05 level and the statistical power set at .90. It was found that: (1) The misattribution of belief and attitude confirms the role of cognitive-attribution in value transmission. However the study shows no misattribution of parents' behavior. Therefore the cognitive-attribution theory seems to apply only to cognitively oriented aspects of the transmission. (2) The generation gap between parents and children as a group or cohort, although statistically significant, seems to be less central to the problem of transmission than the gap existing between children's beliefs or attitudes and their behavior. Therefore, the practical conclusion is to focus on the integration of these dimensions in order for individuals to achieve consistency. (3) The role of family interaction in transmission needs further study using a more sophisticated paradigm with multiple dimensions.
Corona Disease Anxiety in Teachers: The Role of Existential Thinking and Meaning in Life
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran., Amirpour Borzoo , Moradi Arsalan ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payame-Noor University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: The unprecedented Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has outstandingly challenged all aspects of individual lives, especially their sources of a meaningful life and spiritual well-being. Hence, we set out to investigate the role of existential thinking and meaning in life in predicting Corona disease anxiety in teachers. Methods: This was a correlational-descriptive study carried out on two hundred sixty-nine volunteers from primary school teachers who were working in 2022 in Kermanshah Province, Iran. Participants were selected by the multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they were measured by questionnaires created in Google Form, including Alipour et al.’s (2020) corona disease anxiety scale, Scherr (2006) existential thinking questionnaire, and Steger et al.’s (2006) meaning in life questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed by IBM SPSS software, version 27 using Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis. Results: The results showed that existential thinking (r=-0.640, P<0.01), as well as, meaning in life (r=-0.668, P<0.01) had an inverse and significant correlation with corona disease anxiety. Based on regression analysis, existential thinking (β=-0.152) and, meaning in life (β=-0.329) negatively and significantly predicted corona disease anxiety. Conclusion: Based on the findings, it can be concluded that corona disease anxiety has a significant negative correlation with existential thinking and meaning in life. In addition, the findings of this study support the role of predictor variables in the prediction of teachers’ Corona disease anxiety. Generally, 41% of the total variance of corona disease anxiety is predicted by existential thinking and meaning in life.
Effects of Professional Ethics Training on Moral Distress and Moral Sensitivity of Nurses in the COVID-19 and Emergency Departments of Razi Hospital in Saravan, Iran in 2022
Authors:   Student Research Committee, Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran., Jahandide Faride
Published: May 2023

Background and Objectives: Nurses face many ethical issues daily, and knowing professional ethics can help them make ethical decisions. Therefore, the present study aims to determine the effects of professional ethics training on moral distress and moral sensitivity in nurses. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 30 nurses who were working in the emergency and COVID-19 wards of Razi Saravan Hospital in 2022 were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In the intervention group, the nurses of the COVID-19 ward were influenced by professional ethics training for one month. The level of moral distress and moral sensitivity was measured by the Corley and Latzen standard questionnaire after 2 weeks. The data were then analyzed by SPSS software, version 23. Results: To compare the average scores of moral distress and moral sensitivity of nurses between the two tests and the control group before and after the intervention, the analysis of the covariance statistical test was used. By controlling the pre-test variable, the average scores of moral distress and moral sensitivity after the intervention were significantly different between the two tests and the control group (P<0.001).
Integrating Pelvic Floor Muscle Training During Pregnancy in Primary Health Care: A Policy Brief
Authors:   Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Shah Hosseini Zohre , Khani Soghra ,   Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran., Hamzehgardeshi Zeinab ,   Sexual and Reproductive Health Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Published: May 2023

Women with urinary incontinence (UI) during pregnancy may have a greater of experiencing postpartum UI symptoms than women who do not. Pelvic floor muscle exercises can reduce the symptoms of urinary stress incontinence. This policy brief concisely summarizes research findings and policy recommendations to improve antenatal and postnatal pelvic floor muscle training. However, this policy does not work automatically and must be incorporated in primary health care service design and delivery. This policy brief discusses a clear recommendation based on the best evidence to improve prenatal care services. It argues that the key is high-quality prenatal care that is available, affordable, accessible, and compatible with the needs of pregnant women and health care providers.
Identification and Introduction of a New Classification of Key Performance Shaping Factors in Staff Performance in the Healthcare System
Authors:   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Mahmoudi Sefidkouhi Hossein , Najafi Esmaeil ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran., Haji Alireza ,   Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Sharif University, Tehran, Iran., Arasteh Abdollah ,   Department of Materials and Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Noshirvani University of Technology, Babol, Iran.
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose: Selection of the appropriate performance shaping factors (PSFs) is a vital challenge encountered by all experts in human reliability analysis (HRA) and plays a significant role in achieving reliable results. The main purpose of this research is to present a comprehensive set of staff PSFs that affect the emergence of errors and incidents in the healthcare system, referred to as healthcare- (H)-PSFs. Materials and Methods: In this study, the set of H-PSFs was extracted using the PSFs presented for other fields and through consultation with HRA and healthcare experts. For investigation of whether the set of H-PSFs was comprehensive and appropriate, 318 reports of errors and incidents that had arisen at 14 hospitals during 12 months were examined, and the frequency values of each factor were obtained in two modes: where a PSF could and where it could not be repeated in an incident. The most significant H-PSFs were identified using Pareto charts. Also, using Minitab software, the Chi-square goodness of fit test was used to validate the proposed set of PSFs and demonstrate the appropriate accuracy of their frequency of occurrence. Results: According to experts, 43 PSFs were identified for the healthcare system. Using the medical error reports, the number of times that errors and mistakes were related to each PSF was calculated in two cases with and without repetition. To identify the most important PSFs, the Pareto principle has been used. According to the Pareto principle, 14 out of the 43 presented PSFs affected 80% of the errors and incidents that had arisen where PSF repetition was allowed, which amounted to 15 where repetition was not allowed. Conclusion: The Chi-square goodness of fit test result showed that the proposed H-PSFs have sufficient validity to be generalized to other healthcare systems. The results of this article can be of great help to healthcare system managers so that they can make better decisions with the help of the results of this article in formulating general and healthcare system policies. Also, the findings of this study can be used in the healthcare system to analyze and improve human reliability, direct resources more efficiently to improve the performance of safety management systems, and reduce errors and incidents.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Social Networking Site (SNS) Addiction and Nomophobia in Iranian Higher Education Students
Authors:   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Hashemi Yasaman , Borhani Khatereh ,   Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Heidar Mahmood ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran., Esfahani Maryam ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Science, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran., Zarani Fariba ,   Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology & Educational Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Published: May 2023

Background and Purpose: Smartphones offer easy access to the Internet and a good platform for all kinds of Internet activities. This study analyzed the relationship between social networking site (SNS) addiction and nomophobia among Iranian higher education students. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The participants were selected through a stratified sampling approach: the questionnaire comprised demographic information, Nomophobia Questionnaire, and Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale. The impact of SNS addiction on nomophobia was assessed using structural equation modeling. Then, the relations between SNS addiction and the 4 dimensions of nomophobia were examined using regression coefficients. Results: A total of 418 SNS users (279 females) took part in this work. SNS addiction showed a significant positive correlation with nomophobia and its 4 dimensions. A model with SNS addiction predicting nomophobia showed an adequate ﬁt. The results showed that SNS addiction has a significant positive relationship with all dimensions of nomophobia. Among dimensions of nomophobia, SNS addiction was related to giving up convenience at the highest level, followed by losing connectedness and inability to access information and communicate. Conclusion: Therefore, SNS addiction explains nomophobia successfully. This study has important implications for health and education providers. Taking into account the efforts to enhance students’ mental health through educational interventions regarding responsible uses of the SNSs and making healthy online habits in policymaking is recommended.