bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Importance of Standardized Injury Reporting in Dance
Authors: Liederbach Marijeanne , Richardson Megan
Published: October 2023

Preventing dance injuries is the fundamental aim of healthcare providers, educators, and scientists interested in the health and well-being of dancers. Since its inception in 1990, the International Association for Dance Medicine and Science has promoted community-wide efforts to standarized measurements associated with dancer health, including the measurement of injuries themselves. To effectively reduce dance injury rates, a consistent and systematic way of documenting injury oc-currence is necessary. Without uniformly kept records showing the type, nature, frequency, and circumstances surrounding dance injury events, it is difficult—if not impossible—to distinguish between variables that influence their occurrence. Injury reporting systems have been used by the sports community for the past three decades and have provided athletes and the persons who train them and care for their health a better understanding of risk variables associated with injury onset. It is only by similar discipline that the dance medicine community can become truly effective at reducing its injury rates. The aim of this paper is introduce infor-mation about the purpose and process of injury reporting and to describe how implementing privacy protected injury reporting systems that monitor dancers in their environment can reliably capture valuable information associated with the conditions surrounding injury events and lead to more effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Statistics of acoustic emission waveforms in characterizing the fracture process zone in fibre-reinforced cementitious materials under mode I fracture
Authors: Sagar R. Vidya , Saha Indrashish , Basu Dibya Jyoti , Kundu Tribikram
Published: October 2023

This article reports on the characteristics of fracture process zone in steel fibre-reinforced concrete (SFRC) under the mode I fracture process using acoustic emission (AE) testing. The generated AE waveforms during mode I fracture process in SFRC were recorded in the laboratory. Using a statistical analysis of AE waveforms, it was observed that as the loading increases, a damage zone consisting of numerous microcracks develops ahead of the predefined notch tip. The location of the generated AE events related to the numerous microcracks were classified into three zones namely (i) major damage, (ii) moderate damage and (iii) low damage. The areas of these regions were evaluated from the distribution of the AE events around the pre-notch. The number of AE events reduced with the increase in the steel fibre content under the same experimental conditions. The major damage zone was located ahead of the notch tip very closely and it comprised of AE events with (i) high peak amplitude, (ii) low information entropy and (iii) longer AE waveform duration.
Multiple faults separation and identification of rolling bearings based on time-frequency spectrogram
Authors: Lv Ming , Yan Changfeng , Kang Jianxiong , Meng Jiadong , Wang Zonggang , Li Shengqiang , Liu Bin
Published: October 2023

Rolling bearings play a crucial role as components in rotating machinery across various industrial fields. Bearing faults can potentially lead to severe accidents in operating machines. Therefore, condition monitoring and fault diagnosis of rolling bearings are essential for preventing equipment failures. Multiple faults are a common occurrence resulting from the prolonged operation of rolling bearings, and numerous research efforts have been made to study multiple faults in different components of the bearing. However, diagnosing multiple faults in a single component of the rolling bearing still remains a highly challenging task. In this paper, a multiple faults separation and identification method based on time-frequency (TF) spectrogram (TFS) is proposed for vibration signals of rolling bearings. Firstly, the fast path optimization method is improved to match the TFS of original vibration signals in bearing faults generated by short-time Fourier transform. Then multiple TF curves are extracted from the TFS by the proposed multiple transient component curves extraction method based on the improved fast path optimization method. With the fault characteristic period, a classification criterion is introduced to separate TF curves. Secondly, a TF masking method is constructed to retain the TF information closely related to fault components of vibration signals. Finally, the novel TF representation can be obtained to develop signal reconstruction, and multiple faults can be detected based on envelope analysis separately. The experiments from rolling bearings with multiple faults on raceways are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Damage imaging using multipath-scattered Lamb waves under a sparse reconstruction framework
Authors: Zhang Zhongjie , Zeng Liang , Zhang Nan
Published: October 2023

This paper presents a damage sparse imaging method using multipath-scattered Lamb waves. It leverages a large number of echoes and reverberations in the recorded signal that may be usually ignored in conventional methods. First, reflections of Lamb waves at free edges are viewed as waves transmitted from a virtual transducer which is located at the mirror point of the actual one. On this basis, an optimized transducers-layout strategy is proposed based on the multipath propagation model of the Lamb wave. Benefiting from that, the direct damage-scattered wave and several waves scattered by both the damage and edges could be separately identified in the time domain, and further, each wave could be matched with a sensing path (either actual or virtual) in the expanded sensor network. Subsequently, a dictionary is constructed from the Lamb wave propagation and scattering model. By solving the sparse reconstruction problem, the pixel value of each point in the region of interest is obtained, and the whole area can be finally visualized. The proposed method is validated using experiments conducted on an aluminum plate with simulated damages. Results show that the damages can be correctly detected and accurately localized with only a single transmitter–receiver pair.
The 2019 Chilean Social Upheaval: A Descriptive Approach
Authors: Cox Loreto , González Ricardo , Le Foulon Carmen
Published: October 2023

In 2019, student protests over an increase in subway fare in Chile escalated into violence and a leaderless nationwide social upheaval. This research note takes a descriptive approach that goes beyond the protester/non-protesters dichotomy, because we believe we need a richer understanding of the “what, who, and how” of citizens around this outbreak. Based on a survey fielded amidst the upheaval, we distinguish protesters by intensity, and non-protesters by their position towards the upheaval. As expected, protesters tend to be young and educated. Strong protesters are more left-wing, interested in politics, and more participative, including electorally. They endorse democracy but are critical of its functioning, and more likely to justify illegal/violent actions as a means for social change. Inequality appears as a cross-cutting concern, even among opponents, but strong protesters are more distrustful of its sources and of the rich themselves. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings.
A modified method for measuring the length of peripherally inserted central catheters to reduce the risk of malposition during catheter insertion
Authors: Yeh Tung-Chi , Chen Chia-Min , Cheng Chih-Hung , Sheu Chau-Chyun , Tsai Ming-Ju , Chang Wei-An
Published: October 2023

Background:

Malposition may occur during peripherally inserted central catheter insertion. Accurately measuring the length of a peripherally inserted central catheter is crucial to preventing malposition, including “long peripherally inserted central catheter placement,” in which the tip of a peripherally inserted central catheter is deeper than the target position. The traditional method of measuring peripherally inserted central catheter length involves measuring from the insertion site to the parasternal notch and down to the third or fourth intercostal space, which may result in overestimation because of the thickness of the pectoralis major and anterior chest wall. To avoid this overestimation, the authors developed and tested a modified method for reducing long peripherally inserted central catheter placement.

Methods:

This study employed a retrospective design. Chest X-rays were used to examine the peripherally inserted central catheter tip positions in 48 patients in the medical intensive care unit who had undergone peripherally inserted central catheter insertion. The traditional and modified measurement methods were used to measure the peripherally inserted central catheter length in 17 and 31 patients, respectively. Fisher’s exact test was used to examine between-group differences in the incidence of different types of peripherally inserted central catheter malposition.

Results:

The peripherally inserted central catheter tip position was near the target position in five patients (29.41%) in the traditional measurement group and 17 patients (54.84%) in the modified measurement group ( p = 0.132), whereas long peripherally inserted central catheter placement occurred in six patients (35.29%) in the traditional measurement group and one patient (3.23%) in the modified measurement group ( p = 0.006). However, the incidence of other types of peripherally inserted central catheter malposition did not differ significantly between the groups.

Conclusions:

The results of this study that the proposed modified measurement method may be able to reduce the incidence of long peripherally inserted central catheter placement among medical intensive care unit patients. The method must be further evaluated in prospective studies and studies with larger sample sizes in the future.
Pain in the back after a brain trauma—The revelation of a spinal subdural hematoma: A case report with a literature review
Authors: Andour Hajar , Abide Zakaria , Cherraqi Amine , Mouhassani Mohamed , En-Nafaa Issam , Fenni Jamal , Lahkim Mohamed
Published: October 2023

Traumatic spinal subdural hematoma is a rare condition mostly favored by an anticoagulation therapy, a traumatic lumbar puncture, a hematologic disease, or an epidural anesthesia. This pathological condition can be subtle or be at the origin of a compression of the spinal cord and the rootlets resulting in an irreversible damage if an emergent surgery is not performed. We report the case of a 45-year-old man who has been a victim of a brain trauma which resulted in a cerebral edema. A week later, the patient came to the emergency department for disabling abdominal pain, predominant in the back. An abdominal computed tomography was performed and showed an incidentally spontaneous hyperdensity in the spinal cord, which raised the suspicion of a spinal hematoma that has been confirmed through spine magnetic resonance imaging. In this case, we discuss the different subtypes of spinal hematoma. We recall the main differential diagnoses to help setting an accurate diagnosis and to not delay the adequate therapy that is most of the time emergent when indicated.
The Genesis of a Tune in the Mind: An Interview Study About Novel Involuntary Musical Imagery Repetition
Authors: Floridou Georgia A. , Mencke Iris , Caprini Francesco , Müllensiefen Daniel
Published: October 2023

Musical creativity, as a cognitive process, is inherently associated with musical imagery. Several composers have claimed to have composed music based on creative ideas that emerged involuntarily in their minds in the form of musical imagery. Research on musical imagery has been growing steadily, yet studies exploring its link to creativity have been scarce. Furthermore, although reports in the musical imagery literature reveal the existence of novel involuntary musical imagery repetition (IMIR, i.e., music that comes to the mind spontaneously and repeatedly), research to date has focused on familiar IMIR. In a semistructured interview with six composers, we investigated the internal and external experience of the novel IMIR. Based on grounded theory analysis, two descriptive models emerged: the first model indicated that the intramusical features of novel IMIR were described in terms of musical, technical, and linguistic dimensions. The repetition within novel IMIR was related to functional outcomes associated with experience, and there was a sense of familiarity when experiencing novel IMIR. The occurrence of novel IMIR was more likely when individuals reported being in specific mental and physical states. Finally, the emotional valence associated with the novel IMIR was classified as mainly positive. The second model indicated a variety of methods to aid the translation of internal novel IMIR into external musical composition and a range of factors that influence the success of that translation. The findings are discussed in the context of existing literature on creativity, musical imagery, and spontaneous cognition.
Effects of isoflurane and urethane anesthetics on glutamate neurotransmission in rat brain using in vivo amperometry
Authors: Beitchman Joshua A. , Krishna Gokul , Bromberg Caitlin E. , Thomas Theresa Currier
Published: October 2023

Background

Aspects of glutamate neurotransmission implicated in normal and pathological conditions are predominantly evaluated using in vivo recording paradigms in rats anesthetized with isoflurane or urethane. Urethane and isoflurane anesthesia influence glutamate neurotransmission through different mechanisms; however, real-time outcome measures of potassium chloride (KCl)-evoked glutamate overflow and glutamate clearance kinetics have not been compared within and between regions of the brain. In order to maintain rigor and reproducibility within the literature between the two most common methods of anesthetized in vivo recording of glutamate, we compared glutamate signaling as a function of anesthesia and brain region in the rat strain most used in neuroscience.

Methods

In the following experiments, in vivo amperometric recordings of KCl-evoked glutamate overflow and glutamate clearance kinetics (uptake rate and T80) in the cortex, hippocampus, and thalamus were performed using glutamate-selective microelectrode arrays (MEAs) in young adult male, Sprague-Dawley rats anesthetized with either isoflurane or urethane.

Results

Potassium chloride (KCl)-evoked glutamate overflow was similar under urethane and isoflurane anesthesia in all brain regions studied. Analysis of glutamate clearance determined that the uptake rate was significantly faster (53.2%, p < 0.05) within the thalamus under urethane compared to isoflurane, but no differences were measured in the cortex or hippocampus. Under urethane, glutamate clearance parameters were region-dependent, with significantly faster glutamate clearance in the thalamus compared to the cortex but not the hippocampus (p < 0.05). No region-dependent differences were measured for glutamate overflow using isoflurane.

Conclusions

These data support that amperometric recordings of KCl-evoked glutamate under isoflurane and urethane anesthesia result in similar and comparable data. However, certain parameters of glutamate clearance can vary based on choice of anesthesia and brain region. In these circumstances, special considerations are needed when comparing previous literature and planning future experiments.
Association of glycemic control with hypertension in patients with diabetes: a population-based longitudinal study
Authors: Chen Shengliang , Zhu Yi , Jin Sihui , Zhao Dongbao , Guo Jianwei , Chen Lijin , Huang Yixiang
Published: October 2023

Background

Diabetes increases the risk of hypertension morbidity, but whether this association is varied with glycemic control remains unknown. We aimed to examine the association of glycemic control with hypertension among individuals with diabetes.

Methods

Data was from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) between 2011 and 2018. Participants were categorized as having adequate glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%) and inadequate glycemic uncontrol (HbA1c ≥ 7%) by combining blood glucose tests and physician’s diagnoses in 2011. Incident hypertension was ascertained through self-reported physician diagnoses from 2011 to 2018. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to examine the effect of glycemic control on hypertension.

Results

Among 436 participants with diabetes in this study, 102 met the glycemic control standard, and 334 were insufficient glycemic control. During 7 years of follow-up, 141 individuals developed hypertension. Compared with adequate glycemic control, the hazard ratio of inadequate glycemic control on hypertension was 1.54 (95% CI, 1.07–2.21) in the multivariate model. Additionally, the influence of glycemic control on hypertension varied based on educational attainment and the presence of depressive symptoms (P for interaction < 0.05).

Conclusions

Insufficient glycemic control was associated with a higher risk of hypertension among individuals with diabetes. Notably, the effect of glycemic control on hypertension was more pronounced among those with lower educational attainment and those exhibiting depressive symptoms. These findings underscore the significance of vigilant glycemic monitoring, educational background considerations, and mental health assessments in managing diabetic individuals.
Relationship between quantitative epicardial adipose tissue based on coronary computed tomography angiography and coronary slow flow
Authors: Tong Jing , Bei Gui-Guang , Zhang Li-Bo , Sun Yu , Qi Miao , Yang Ben-Qiang
Published: October 2023

Background

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between quantitative epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) based on coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and coronary slow flow (CSF).

Methods

A total of 85 patients with < 40% coronary stenosis on diagnostic coronary angiography were included in this retrospective study between January 2020 and December 2021. A semi-automatic method was developed for EAT quantification on CCTA images. According to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade, the patients were divided into CSF group (n = 39) and normal coronary flow group (n = 46). Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore the relationship between EAT and CSF. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic value of EAT in CSF.

Results

EAT volume in the CSF group was significantly higher than that of the normal coronary flow group (128.83± 21.59 mL vs. 101.87± 18.56 mL, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference in epicardial fat attenuation index between the two groups (P > 0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that EAT volume was independently related to CSF [odds ratio (OR) = 4.82, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.06–7.27, P < 0.001]. The area under ROC curve for EAT volume in identifying CSF was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77–0.95). The optimal cutoff value of 118.46 mL yielded a sensitivity of 0.80 and a specificity of 0.94.

Conclusions

Increased EAT volume based on CCTA is strongly associated with CSF. This preliminary finding paves the way for future and larger studies aimed to definitively recognize the diagnostic value of EAT in CSF.
Adjusting for Berkson error in exposure in ordinary and conditional logistic regression and in Poisson regression
Authors: Oraby Tamer , Chakraborty Santanu , Sivaganesan Siva , Kincl Laurel , Richardson Lesley , McBride Mary , Siemiatycki Jack , Cardis Elisabeth , Krewski Daniel
Published: October 2023

Background

INTEROCC is a seven-country cohort study of occupational exposures and brain cancer risk, including occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMF). In the absence of data on individual exposures, a Job Exposure Matrix (JEM) may be used to construct likely exposure scenarios in occupational settings. This tool was constructed using statistical summaries of exposure to EMF for various occupational categories for a comparable group of workers.

Methods

In this study, we use the Canadian data from INTEROCC to determine the best EMF exposure surrogate/estimate from three appropriately chosen surrogates from the JEM, along with a fourth surrogate based on Berkson error adjustments obtained via numerical approximation of the likelihood function. In this article, we examine the case in which exposures are gamma-distributed for each occupation in the JEM, as an alternative to the log-normal exposure distribution considered in a previous study conducted by our research team. We also study using those surrogates and the Berkson error adjustment in Poisson regression and conditional logistic regression.

Results

Simulations show that the introduced methods of Berkson error adjustment for non-stratified analyses provide accurate estimates of the risk of developing tumors in case of gamma exposure model. Alternatively, and under some technical assumptions, the arithmetic mean is the best surrogate when a gamma-distribution is used as an exposure model. Simulations also show that none of the present methods could provide an accurate estimate of the risk in case of stratified analyses.

Conclusion

While our previous study found the geometric mean to be the best exposure surrogate, the present study suggests that the best surrogate is dependent on the exposure model; the arithmetic means in case of gamma-exposure model and the geometric means in case of log-normal exposure model. However, we could present a better method of Berkson error adjustment for each of the two exposure models. Our results provide useful guidance on the application of JEMs for occupational exposure assessments, with adjustment for Berkson error.
Prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China based on differences in living arrangements: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Fu Chang , Cao Lianmeng , Yang Fan
Published: October 2023

Background

Older adults with different living arrangements may have different mental health statuses and different factors that influence their mental health. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence and determinants of depressive symptoms among community-dwelling older adults in China based on differences in their living arrangements.

Methods

Participants were 6,055 older adults from the 2015 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. Depressive symptoms and their determinants were evaluated using the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale and multivariate logistic regression analysis, respectively.

Results

The prevalence of depressive symptoms among older adults living alone, as a couple, and with children was 47.8%, 33.2%, and 39.5%, respectively. The common risk factors for depressive symptoms were shorter sleep duration, poorer activities of daily living, and poorer self-rated health. Women, those with lower educational levels, and those suffering from chronic diseases had a higher risk of depressive symptoms among older adults living as a couple and those living with children. Smoking and participation in economic activities were also risk factors of depressive symptoms among older adults living with children and those living alone, respectively.

Conclusions

The findings suggest that older adults living as couples had the lowest prevalence of depressive symptoms, while those living alone had the highest prevalence of depressive symptoms. The determinants of depressive symptoms differed by living arrangement; hence, they should be considered in future interventions.
Machine learning model for the prediction of gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial bloodstream infection based on routine laboratory parameters
Authors: Zhang Fan , Wang Hao , Liu Liyu , Su Teng , Ji Bing
Published: October 2023

Background

Bacterial bloodstream infection is responsible for the majority of cases of sepsis and septic shock. Early recognition of the causative pathogen is pivotal for administration of adequate empiric antibiotic therapy and for the survival of the patients. In this study, we developed a feasible machine learning (ML) model to predict gram-positive and gram-negative bacteremia based on routine laboratory parameters.

Methods

Data for 2118 patients with bacteremia were obtained from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care dataset. Patients were randomly split into the training set and test set by stratified sampling, and 374 routine laboratory blood test variables were retrieved. Variables with missing values in more than 40% of the patients were excluded. Pearson correlation test was employed to eliminate redundant features. Five ML algorithms were used to build the model based on the selected features. Additionally, 132 patients with bacteremia who were treated at Qilu Hospital of Shandong University were included in an independent test cohort to evaluate the model.

Results

After feature selection, 32 variables remained. All the five ML algorithms performed well in terms of discriminating between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteremia, but the performance of convolutional neural network (CNN) and random forest (RF) were better than other three algorithms. Consider of the interpretability of models, RF was chosen for further test (ROC-AUC = 0.768; 95%CI = 0.715–0.798, with a sensitivity of 75.20% and a specificity of 63.79%). To expand the application of the model, a decision tree (DT) was built utilizing the major variables, and it achieved an AUC of 0.679 (95%CI = 0.632–0.723), a sensitivity of 66%, and a specificity of 67.82% in the test cohort. When tested in the Qilu Hospital cohort, the ROC-AUC of the RF and DT models were 0.666 (95%CI = 0.579–0.746) and 0.615 (95%CI = 0.526–0.698), respectively. Finally, a software was developed to make the RF- and DT-based prediction models easily accessible.

Conclusion

The present ML-based models could effectively discriminate between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteremia based on routine laboratory blood test results. This simple model would be beneficial in terms of guiding timely antibiotic selection and administration in critically ill patients with bacteremia before their pathogen test results are available.
Tourette-like syndrome secondary to Kleefstra syndrome 1 with a de novo microdeletion in the EHMT1 gene
Authors: Niu Mengyue , Li Yanjing , Zhan Shikun , Sun Bomin , Liu Jun , Wu Yiwen
Published: October 2023

Background

Gills de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by motor and vocal tics. Kleefstra syndrome 1 (KS1), a rare genetic disorder, is caused by haploinsufficiency of the EHMT1 gene and is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), childhood hypotonia, and distinctive facial features. Tourette-like syndrome in KS1 has rarely been reported.

Case presentation

Here we describe a 7-year-old girl presenting involuntary motor and vocal tics, intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, and dysmorphic craniofacial appearances, as well as comorbidities including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and self-injurious behavior (SIB). The patient’s CNV-seq testing revealed a de novo 320-kb deletion in the 9q34.3 region encompassing the EHMT1 gene.

Conclusions

This is the first case reporting Tourette-like syndrome secondary to KS1 with a de novo microdeletion in the EHMT1 gene. Our case suggests TS with ID and facial anomalies indicate a genetic cause and broadens the phenotypic and genotypic spectrum of both TS and KS1.
Indications and outcomes of keratoplasty ≤ 5.5 mm diameter (“mini-keratoplasty”)
Authors: Fathai Hila , Geerling Gerd , Menzel-Severing Johannes
Published: October 2023

Purpose

To report indications and clinical outcomes of corneal grafts ≤ 5.5 mm in diameter (“mini-KP”) in a German tertiary referral center.

Methods

Patients who had undergone mini-KP to treat corneal ulcers with or without perforation between 2011 and 2018 at the Department of Ophthalmology, University of Düsseldorf, Germany, were identified from the local keratoplasty registry. All patient records were reviewed for age, gender, laterality, systemic and ophthalmological diseases, etiology of the corneal ulcerative disease, pre- and postoperative visual acuity over a follow-up time of up to 12 months, graft size, postoperative complications and the need for and timing of further corneal interventions.

Results

37 eyes of 37 patients (male: n = 20; female: n = 17) with a mean age (± standard deviation) at presentation of 70 ± 18.8 years (range: 22–92 years) were identified. Most common etiologies were neurotrophic keratopathy (n = 15), dysfunctional tear syndrome (n = 9) and atopic keratoconjunctivitis (9). Mean graft diameter was 4.51 ± 0.63 mm (range: 3-5.5 mm). 23/37 eyes (62%) required no further intervention in the acute phase. 14/37 patients (38%) required secondary corneal intervention, due to complications. One-year graft survival was 78.4%. One eye had to be eviscerated due to recurrent corneal ulceration and endophthalmitis. 36 of 37 eyes were preserved. We found a highly significant correlation between type 2 diabetes and the development of postoperative complications (r = .46; p = .005). Corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA) improved from 1.42 ± 0.75 logMAR to 0.9 ± 0.65 logMAR postoperatively (t (23) = 5.76; p < .001).

Conclusion

Mini-KP can be used successfully in eyes with advanced corneal ulcers due to various infectious and noninfectious etiologies to restore tectonic stability in the long-term and with moderate visual gains.
Religiosity and spirituality in the prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aggarwal Shilpa , Wright Judith , Morgan Amy , Patton George , Reavley Nicola
Published: October 2023

Historically, religion has had a central role in shaping the psychosocial and moral development of young people. While religiosity and spirituality have been linked to positive mental health outcomes in adults, their role during the developmental context of adolescence, and the mechanisms through which such beliefs might operate, is less well understood. Moreover, there is some evidence that negative aspects of religiosity are associated with poor mental health outcomes. Guided by lived experience consultants, we undertook a systematic review and quality appraisal of 45 longitudinal studies and 29 intervention studies identified from three electronic databases (Medline, PsycINFO and Scopus) exploring the role of religiosity and spiritual involvement (formal and informal) in prevention and management of depression and anxiety in young people aged 10 to 24 years. Most studies were from high-income countries and of low to moderate quality. Meta-analysis of high-quality longitudinal studies (assessed using Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools,n = 25) showed a trend towards association of negative religious coping (i.e., feeling abandoned by or blaming God) with greater depressive symptoms over time (Pearson’sr = 0.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.009, 0.188) whereas spiritual wellbeing was protective against depression (Pearson’sr = -0.153, CI -0.187, -0.118). Personal importance of religion was not associated with depressive symptoms overall (Pearson’sr = -0.024, CI-0.053, 0.004). Interventions that involved religious and spiritual practices for depression and anxiety in young people were mostly effective, although the study quality was typically low and the heterogeneity in study designs did not allow for a meta-analysis. The lived experience consultants described spirituality and religious involvement as central to their way of life and greatly valued feeling watched over during difficult times. While we require more evidence from low- and middle-income countries, in younger adolescents and for anxiety disorders, the review provides insight into how spirituality and religious involvement could be harnessed to design novel psychological interventions for depression and anxiety in young people.

Review Registration

The systematic review was funded by Wellcome Trust Mental Health Priority Area 'Active Ingredients' 2021 commission and registered with PROSPERO 2021 (CRD42021281912).
Resting-state functional connectivity of the cerebellum-cerebrum in older women with depressive symptoms
Authors: Feng Lanling , Wu Dongmei , Ma Shaolun , Dong Li , Yue Yuchuan , Li Tao , Tang Yixun , Ye Zixiang , Mao Guoju
Published: October 2023

Background

Although there has been much neurobiological research on major depressive disorder, research on the neurological function of depressive symptoms (DS) or subclinical depression is still scarce, especially in older women with DS.

Objectives

Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) was used to compare functional connectivity (FC) between the cerebellum and cerebral in older women with DS and normal controls (NC), to explore unique changes in cerebellar FC in older women with DS.

Methods

In all, 16 older women with DS and 17 NC were recruited. All subjects completed rs-fMRI. The 26 sub-regions of the cerebellum divided by the AAL3 map were used as regions of interest (ROI) to analyze the difference in FC strength of cerebellar seeds from other cerebral regions between the two groups. Finally, partial correlation analysis between abnormal FC strength and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) score and Reminiscence Functions Scale (RFS) score in the DS group.

Results

Compared with NC group, the DS group showed significantly reduced FC between Crus I, II and the left frontoparietal region, and reduced FC between Crus I and the left temporal gyrus. Reduced FC between right insula (INS), right rolandic operculum (ROL), right precentral gyrus (PreCG) and the Lobule IX, X. Moreover, the negative FC between Crus I, II, Lobule IX and visual regions was reduced in the DS group. The DS group correlation analysis showed a positive correlation between the left Crus I and the right cuneus (CUN) FC and GDS. In addition, the abnormal FC strength correlated with the scores in different dimensions of the RFS, such as the negative FC between the Crus I and the left middle temporal gyrus (MTG) was positively associated with intimacy maintenance, and so on.

Conclusion

Older women with DS have anomalous FC between the cerebellum and several regions of the cerebrum, which may be related to the neuropathophysiological mechanism of DS in the DS group.
Spatiotemporal distribution of migraine in China: analyses based on baidu index
Authors: Lin Liling , Zhu Mengyi , Qiu Junxiong , Li Qiang , Zheng Junmeng , Fu Yanni , Lin Jianwei
Published: October 2023

Background

In recent years, innovative approaches utilizing Internet data have emerged in the field of syndromic surveillance. These novel methods aim to aid in the early prediction of epidemics across various scenarios and diseases. It has been observed that these systems demonstrate remarkable accuracy in monitoring outbreaks even before they become apparent in the general population. Therefore, they serve as valuable complementary tools to augment existing methodologies. In this study, we aimed to investigate the spatiotemporal distribution of migraine in China by leveraging Baidu Index (BI) data.

Methods

Migraine-related BI data from January 2014 to December 2022 were leveraged, covering 301 city-level areas from 31 provincial-level regions by using the keyword “migraine (偏头痛)”. Prevalence data from the Global Burden of Disease study (GBD) were attracted to ensure the reliability of utilizing migraine-related BI data for research. Comprehensive analytical methods were then followed to investigate migraine’s spatiotemporal distribution. The Seasonal-Trend decomposition procedure based on Loess (STL) was used to identify the temporal distribution. Spatial distribution was explored using the Getis-Ord Gi* statistic, standard deviation ellipse analysis, Moran’s Index, and Ordinary Kriging. The top eight migraine-related search terms were analyzed through the Demand Graph feature in the Baidu Index platform to understand the public’s concerns related to migraine.

Results

A strong association was observed between migraine-related BI and the prevalence data of migraine from GBD with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.983 (P = 4.96 × 10− 5). The overall trend of migraine-related BI showed a gradual upward trend over the years with a sharp increase from 2017 to 2019. Seasonality was observed and the peak period occurred in spring nationwide. The middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River were found to be hotspots, while the eastern coastal areas had the highest concentration of migraine-related BI, with a gradual decrease towards the west. The most common search term related to migraine was “How to treat migraine quickly and effectively (偏头痛怎么办最快最有效的方法)”.

Conclusions

This study reveals important findings on migraine distribution in China, underscoring the urgent need for effective prevention and management strategies.
Prevalence of compassion fatigue, burnout, compassion satisfaction, and associated factors among nurses working in cancer treatment centers in Ethiopia, 2020
Authors: Mirutse Almaz , Mengistu Zuriyash , Bizuwork Ketema
Published: October 2023

Background

Overuse of compassion for those under the care may threaten their professional life. In Ethiopia, there is limited study on the consequences of compassionate care. Therefore, the study assessed the effects of compassionate care among nurses.

Objective

To quantify the prevalence of compassion satisfaction, burnout, compassion fatigue, and associated factors among Nurses.

Methods

Institution-based quantitative cross-sectional design was conducted in five randomly selected public hospitals in Ethiopia, from May to April 2020. All the nurses who were working in the cancer treatment centers of the five hospitals were included in the study. Data were collected using a standard self-administer structured question using the Professional Quality of Life Scale (PROQOL) instrument version 5. The data were analyzed by using the SPSS 21version. Descriptively: frequency, mean, standard deviation, and inferential statistics: t-Test and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and multiple linear regression analysis were computed.

Result

The majority of respondents 154 (67.0%) were female. The age of the participants ranges from 20 to 65 (32.06 + 7.45) years. The mean (SD) scores for the dimensions of compassion satisfaction, burnout, and compassion fatigue were 34.41 (6.74), 27.70 (4.24), and 35.83 (7.78) respectively. Neuroticism personality trait had positivity related to compassion fatigue (P = 0.001). Nurses who received low monthly income had significantly lower scores for compassion fatigue (P = 0.002). We found friend support, openness, sex, and agreeableness explained 32.7% (p < 0.024) of the variances in compassion satisfaction.

Conclusion

In general the study found high compassion fatigue and low compassion satisfaction. Further, having low income and neuroticism personality were related to compassion fatigue, while agreeableness, consciousness, and openness personality were related to compassion satisfaction. Therefore, attention should be given to nurses working in cancer centers to ensure positive energy.
Gynaecologists’ perceptions of outpatient gynaecologic and obstetric care in Germany during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Hagenbeck Carsten , Soff Johannes , Mause Laura , Hoffmann Jan , Ohnhäuser Tim , Stöcker Arno , Zöllkau Janine , Scholten Nadine
Published: October 2023

The measures taken to contain the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on society, affecting medical care as well as the utilization of medical services. We aimed to identify pandemic-related changes in gynaecologic/obstetric care through the personal experience of practitioners in the outpatient sector in Germany. Three consecutive anonymous online surveys of practising gynaecologists were conducted during the pandemic (07–09/2020, 11–12/2020 and 09–11/2021). Appointment management, medical supply and patients’ demand as well as concomitant circumstances were queried. Data from 860 (393, 262 and 205 from the first, second and third surveys, respectively) respondents were analysed. At the peak of the first COVID-19 wave, more than 50% of the gynaecologists surveyed had cancelled cancer screening appointments. There was a significant association between fear of self-infection and cancellation of cancer screening appointments (p = 0.006). An increase in domestic violence was reported by 13%, an increase in obesity by 67% and more advanced tumours due to delayed screening by 24% of respondents. Primary gynaecological oncological prevention was reduced in supply and demand during the COVID-19 pandemic, and this shortfall should be addressed in future similar situations. Prenatal care has been offered continuously since the start of the pandemic in Germany.
FOXA1/MND1/TKT axis regulates gastric cancer progression and oxaliplatin sensitivity via PI3K/AKT signaling pathway
Authors: Hu Xiaosi , Zhou Shuai , Li Haohao , Wu Zehui , Wang Ye , Meng Lei , Chen Zhangming , Wei Zhijian , Pang Qing , Xu Aman
Published: October 2023

Background

Drug resistance is a main factor affecting the chemotherapy efficacy of gastric cancer (GC), in which meiosis plays an important role. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the effect of meiosis related genes on chemotherapy resistance.

Methods

The expression of meiotic nuclear divisions 1 (MND1) in GC was detected by using TCGA and clinical specimens. In vitro and in vivo assays were used to investigate the effects of MND1. The molecular mechanism was determined using luciferase reporter assay, CO-IP and mass spectrometry (MS).

Results

Through bioinformatics, we found that MND1 was highly expressed in platinum-resistant samples. In vitro experiments showed that interference of MND1 significantly inhibited the progression of GC and increased the sensitivity to oxaliplatin. MND1 was significantly higher in 159 GC tissues in comparison with the matched adjacent normal tissues. In addition, overexpression of MND1 was associated with worse survival, advanced TNM stage, and lower pathological grade in patients with GC. Further investigation revealed that forkhead box protein A1 (FOXA1) directly binds to the promoter of MND1 to inhibit its transcription. CO-IP and MS assays showed that MND1 was coexpressed with transketolase (TKT). In addition,TKT activated the PI3K/AKT signaling axis and enhanced the glucose uptake and lactate production in GC cells.

Conclusions

Our results confirm that FOXA1 inhibits the expression of MND1, which can directly bind to TKT to promote GC progression and reduce oxaliplatin sensitivity through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.
Inclusion body myositis—health-related quality of life and care situation during phases of the “patience journey” in Germany: results from a qualitative study
Authors: Senn Katja C. , Thiele Simone , Gumbert Laura , Krause Sabine , Walter Maggie C. , Nagels Klaus H.
Published: October 2023

Background

To understand the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in inclusion body myositis (IBM) from a holistic perspective on the background of a complex care situation. The focus was on how the patient journey may be structured over the course of this rare disease.

Methods

An exploratory qualitative study was performed via in-depth semi-structured interviews. Seven patients (males n = 5) with 2011 European Neuromuscular Centre (ENMC) IBM criteria from the German IBM patient registry were interviewed for this study. The dynamic network approach of resilience and the throughput-model of health services research were used to structure the qualitative analysis.

Results

Our results suggest that IBM patients experience the holistic HRQoL and care situation typically in four phases: (1) uncertainty about physical vulnerability until diagnosis, (2) promising treatment approaches, (3) self-management and dyadic coping, (4) weak body, busy mind and caregiver burden. The homophonous in-vivo code “patience journey” describes the frequently reported emotional perspective of the patient journey. Although the overarching theme of perceived social support varied throughout these phases, a reliable patient-partner-dyad may lead to improved HRQoL in the long-term.

Conclusions

New hypotheses for future quantitative research were generated to better understand the IBM patients’ burden in the long term. The identified relevance of social support emphasizes the patients’ need to handle IBM as manageable in medical settings. During exhausting phases of IBM progression, more effective care elements for patients and their partners could disclose varying needs. Strengthening multi-professional healthcare services via individualised informational, practical, or emotional support could improve HRQoL, especially since there is no curative treatment available so far.
Multicenter analysis of epidemiological and clinical features of pediatric acute lower respiratory tract infections associated with common human coronaviruses in China, 2014–2019
Authors: Han Shuaibing , Xu Baoping , Feng Qianyu , Feng Ziheng , Zhu Yun , Ai Junhong , Deng Li , Li Changchong , Cao Ling , Sun Yun , Fu Zhou , Jin Rong , Shang Yunxiao , Chen Zhiming , Xu Lili , Xie Zhengde , Shen Kunling
Published: October 2023

The common human coronaviruses (HCoVs) HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-NL63, and HCoV-HKU1 which are members of the coronavirus family are long co-existed with humans and widely distributed globally. Common HCoVs usually cause mild, self-limited upper respiratory tract infections (URTI), and also associated with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI), especially in children. However, there are little multicentre studies have been conducted in children of several different areas in China, and the epidemic potential of common HCoVs remains unclear. Understanding of the common HCoVs is valuable for clinical and public health. Herein, we retrospectively analysed the medical records of children with acute lower respiratory tract infection admitted to 9 hospitals from different regions in China from 2014 to 2019. Of the 124 patients who tested positive for coronaviruses, OC43 was the predominant type, accounting for 36.3% (45/124) of the detections. Children aged ≤ 6 months and 12–23 months had the highest detection rate of common HCoVs, and the detection rate gradually declined after 2 years old. These four HCoVs could be detected all year round. Among the areas of our study, the overall positive rate was higher in southern China, especially in Guangzhou (29/124, 23.4%). Moreover, common HCoV-positive patients were codetected with 9 other common respiratory pathogens. 229E (11/13, 84.6%) was the most frequently associated with codetection, with EV/RhV was the most frequently codetected virus. Cough (113/124, 91.1%) and fever (73/124, 58.9%) were the most common symptoms of common HCoVs infection.