bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pathophysiologie und aktuelle Behandlungskonzepte bei ausgewählten Osteonekrosen
Authors: Gatz Matthias , Betsch Marcel , Andruszkow Julia , Quack Valentin , Tingart Markus
Published: October 2019

Osteonekrosen treten sowohl beim heranwachsenden als auch ausgewachsenem Skelett meist an prädisponierenden Lokalisationen mit Bevorzugung der Epiphysen auf. Pathophysiologisch unterscheidet man neben einer idiopathischen Form zwischen einer primär vaskulären (Thromboembolien, Hämoglobinopathien usw.) und einer toxischen (Cortison, Alkohol, Chemotherapeutika usw.) Genese. Unabhängig der Ätiologie resultiert eine Nekrose der Knochentrabekel und des angrenzenden Knochenmarks sowie eine Ödembildung. Durch avaskuläre Umbauvorgänge bildet sich eine Fibrose und mechanisch instabiler Geflechtknochen aus, sodass es im Verlauf zu einer subchrondralen Fraktur und einem Gelenkkollaps kommt. Insbesondere bei Beteiligung großer Gelenke resultieren sekundär arthrotische Deformitäten, sodass insbesondere die Hüftkopfnekrose sowie die fokale subchondrale Osteonekrose und Osteochondrosis dissecans des Knies von klinischer Bedeutung sind. Diagnostisch ist neben der nativ-radiologischen Röntgendiagnostik die Magnetresonanztomographie mit der charakteristischen Darstellung des „Sichelzeichens“ entscheidend. Therapeutisch können als konservative Maßnahmen lediglich periphere Vasodilatatoren oder Bisphosphonate als off-label use Schmerzen reduzieren und die Zeit bis zum Gelenkflächenkollaps verhindern, wohingegen die hyperbare Sauerstofftherapie, die Stoßwellentherapie, Antikoagulanzien und Statine allgemein nicht angewendet werden sollten. Die Standardtherapie in frühen Stadien ist die retrograde Anbohrung mit der Zielsetzung einer Ödementlastung und einer Unterbrechung der Sklerosezone zur Revaskularisation. Weitere operative Maßnahmen wie Umstellungsosteotomien, vaskularisierte Knochentransplantate sowie Knorpelplastiken sind möglich, wobei diese mit dem prothetischem Gelenkersatz konkurrieren.
Association Between Serum C-Peptide Level and Cardiovascular
Autonomic Neuropathy According to Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate in
Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Chung Jin Ook , Park Seon-Young , Cho Dong Hyeok , Chung Dong Jin , Chung Min Young
Published: October 2019

Objective To investigate the association between serum C-peptide
level and cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy (CAN) in individuals with type
2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to estimated glomerular filtration rate
(eGFR)

Methods In a cross-sectional study, we examined 939 individuals with
type 2 DM. We measured fasting C-peptide, 2-hour postprandial C-peptide, and
ΔC-peptide (postprandial C-peptide minus fasting C-peptide) levels.
The individuals were classified into 2 groups based on eGFR: individuals
without impaired renal function (eGFR
≥60 ml∙min−1
1.73m−2) and those with impaired renal function (eGFR
<60 ml∙min−1
1.73m−2).

Results Individuals with CAN had lower fasting C-peptide,
postprandial C-peptide, and ΔC-peptide levels in patients both with
and without impaired renal function. Multivariate logistic regression
analyses adjusted for gender, age, and other confounders, including eGFR,
showed that serum C-peptide level was significantly associated with CAN
(odds ratio [OR] per standard deviation increase in the log-transformed
value, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–0.87 for
fasting C-peptide, P < 0.01; OR, 0.62; 95% CI,
0.47–0.83 for postprandial C-peptide, P < 0.01; OR, 0.71;
95% CI, 0.54–0.93 for ΔC-peptide, P <
0.05).

Conclusions Serum C-peptide level was negatively associated with CAN
in individuals with type 2 DM independent of eGFR.
Large voltage control of magnetic anisotropy in CoFeB/MgO/OX structures at room temperature
Authors: Xue Fen , Sato Noriyuki , Bi Chong , Hu Jun , He Jinliang , Wang Shan X.
Published: October 2019

Voltage control of magnetic anisotropy (VCMA) provides an energy-efficient approach to manipulate spintronic devices. Currently, VCMA only shows a weak effect in magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) composed of CoFeB/MgO/CoFeB that are the core structure of spintronic memories and logic devices. Multiple approaches have been proposed and studied by researchers to increase the VCMA effect. Here, we demonstrate a large VCMA effect in the CoFeB/MgO/SiO2 double-oxide structure, which can be potentially modified to be compatible with the MTJ cell. The VCMA coefficient as high as 174 fJ/Vm is achieved in this structure at room temperature, with its magnitude comparable to the reported ion-driven VCMA with a high ion-conductive oxide at an elevated temperature. Theoretical analysis indicates that the large VCMA is a magnetoionic effect, which is dominated by ion migration and can be explained by a nanograin cluster model. This double-oxide structure is promising to be extended to an MTJ structure to reduce switching energy in spintronic devices.
Governance of skilled migration and registration of internationally qualified health practitioners: an Australian policy perspective
Authors: Cooper Melissa , Rasmussen Philippa , Magarey Judy
Published: October 2019

This paper presents a policy perspective on the topical issue of migration and registration of internationally qualified health practitioners (IQHPs), with a focus on international medical graduates and internationally qualified nurses and midwives. Current views, regulatory governance and recommendations affecting skilled migration and registration of IQHPs were examined, specifically whether current and proposed practices are transparent, consistent, equitable, robust, cost-effective and assist in ensuring IQHPs demonstrate the necessary qualifications and experience for protection of the Australian public. The complexity of the current regulatory and administrative application and approval processes for IQHPs seeking to live and work in the Australian healthcare setting provides significant opportunities for future research, particularly those areas of reform under consideration by the Health Ministers’ Advisory Council.
A method to calculate effective Hamiltonians in quantum information*
Authors: Ren Jun-Hang , Ye Ming-Yong , Lin Xiu-Min
Published: October 2019

Effective Hamiltonian method is widely used in quantum information. We introduce a method to calculate effective Hamiltonians and give two examples in quantum information to demonstrate the method. We also give a relation between the effective Hamiltonian in the Shrödinger picture and the corresponding effective Hamiltonian in the interaction picture. Finally, we present a relation between our effective Hamiltonian method and the James–Jerke method which is currently used by many authors to calculate effective Hamiltonians in quantum information science.
An arbitrated quantum signature protocol using rotation and permutation operators
Authors: Wen Kai , Zheng Shihui , Sun Bin
Published: October 2019

The existing improved arbitrated quantum signature (AQS) protocols still have some security problems. First, the security of one AQS protocol is analysed, including existential forgery attack and the signer’s disavowal attack. To resist these attacks, a novel AQS protocol using rotation and permutation operators is proposed. And the analysis shows that the protocol can resist all the known forgery attacks and the signer’s disavowal attacks.
Synergy of the innovation system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt
Authors: Liu Yan , Lei Min , Sun Jie , Zhang Xin
Published: October 2019

On the basis of the principle of order parameters of synergy, a synergy model of the financial-technological-industrial collaborative innovation system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was constructed. Panel data for the financial structure, technological innovation, and industrial innovation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt for the period from 2011 to 2016 were used to analyze the degree of synergy within each subsystem of the innovation system and between the subsystems and measure the corresponding levels of synergy. The research showed that the financial-technological-industrial subsystems in the Yangtze River Economic Belt were basically in an orderly state, and the Jiangsu subsystem exhibited the best synergy, followed by Shanghai and Zhejiang, whereas that of Yunnan was poor. The overall economic cooperation of the Yangtze River Economic Belt is not ideal, and the level of synergy fluctuates greatly.
Study on the low-frequency forbidden transmission properties of one-dimensional ternary solid-fluid sonic crystals by FEM
Authors: Lu Wei , Xu Baiqiang , Gong Hang , Xu Guidong , Xu Chenguang , Zhang Sai
Published: October 2019

Based on the finite element method (FEM), an acoustic transmission model of onedimensional ternary solid-fluid sonic crystals under the condition of oblique incidence is established. Transmission spectra of acoustic waves with different incident angles and frequencies in sonic crystals are calculated. The results show that two broadband forbidden band gaps exist in the low frequency range within two separated incident angle ranges for the ternary structure, which has one more band gap than the binary solid-fluid structure. By adjusting the solid filling fraction, period and lattice constant of the ternary structure, the angle widths of these two band gaps can be effectively regulated. This work will be of great significance to the design of underwater low-frequency acoustic filters.
Analysis of nonlinear dynamic response of spatial flexible tether system by Symplectic difference scheme
Authors: Wang Qiao , Ding Huaiping , Deng Haihua , Zhang Miao
Published: October 2019

This paper transforms the discrete Langrangian formulation of spatial flexible tether systems to Hamiltonian formulism. The resulting Hamiltonian canonical equations are solved by Symplectic difference scheme. The application of Symplectic difference method for solution of nonlinear tether dynamic problems ensures conservation of system energy, momentum and volume. Two numerical examples are conducted to validate the proposed method, one is the free swing pendulum system and the other one is the three-dimensional circular towed system. The simulation results are compared with theoretical and the existing numerical results. The comparisons demonstrate the proposed Symplectic difference integrator for the Hamiltonian nodal position finite element method is numerically accurate and efficient to predict the dynamic response of spatial flexible tether systems.
Modeling flow in anisotropic porous medium with full permeability tensor
Authors: Cao Jie , Gao Hui , Dou Liangbin , Zhang Ming , Li Tiantai
Published: October 2019

The flow in anisotropic porous medium is significant for the modeling of subsurface fluids transportation. The subsurface porous medium is usually both heterogeneous and anisotropic, caused by the compaction and sedimentations effects on the formation. Full permeability tensor is therefore needed in modeling flow in anisotropic medium. In this research, two widely used finite volume schemes, Two-Point Flux Approximation (TPFA) and Multi-Point Flux Approximation (MPFA), are applied to solve the flow model with a full permeability tensor. The results verified that ignoring anisotropy of the porous medium results in overestimation of the total flux. The TPFA methods have high computational efficiency, but failed to represent the anisotropy. The MPFA scheme takes more CPU time than TPFA for same grid block resolution, but incorporates the anisotropy using a full tensor. The comparison between the results from two methods indicates that ignoring anisotropy results in significant errors in determined flux.
Flange balance application in high speed wind tunnel test of BWB aircraft
Authors: Xu Xin , Liu Dawei , Shi Yujie , Chen Dehua , Cheng Keming
Published: October 2019

In order to improve quality and efficiency of Blended Wing-Body (BWB) aircraft’s high-speed wind tunnel test, while verify the reliability and practicability of flange balance in the test of such a layout aircraft. The specific flange-connected balance of BWB aircraft was designed and processed, which was designed under the limits of aerodynamic load and model interspace size. The comparison test results between the flange balance and the traditional cone balance were obtained by conducting a comparison test in the 2.4-meters transonic wind tunnel. The results show that the flange balance has high measurement accuracy and good correlation with the traditional cone balance. Flange balance meets the requirement of BWB layout aircraft high speed wind tunnel test and has a broad application prospect, so that it could be popularized in the future.
Diagnostics of plasma electron density and collision frequency of fluorescent lamp using microwave transmission diagnostics
Authors: Liu Yutao , Hou Zhongyu
Published: October 2019

According to the propagation characteristics of the microwave in the plasma, the collision frequency and electron density in the plasma can be simultaneously obtained by measuring the attenuation and phase shift. A new method is proposed to diagnose the plasma in the T8 and T4 fluorescent lamps. According to the experimental results, the electron density of the T8 and T4 fluorescent lamps range from 0.8 × 1011/cm
3 to 5.3 × 1011/cm
3 and 1.4 × 1011/cm
3 to 8.1 × 1011/cm
3 respectively. Besides, the collision frequency of T8 and T4 are (2 − 7) × 1010Hz and (2.9 − 7.4) × 1010Hz respectively. This is basically consistent with the diagnostics results of the two-probe diagnostic method. Moreover, the S-parameters simulation results using the measured plasma parameters based on the Drude’s model are also consistent with the experimental results.
Forecasting Chinese outbound tourist to Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand destinations: a study of state space approach
Authors: Jiang Danhua , Liu Jianxu , Sirisrisakulchai Jirakom , Sriboonchitta Songsak
Published: October 2019

This paper aims to forecast the tourism demand of mainland Chinese residents with regard to visiting Singapore, Malaysia and Thailand (SMT) from 2018 to 2022, and examine the factors that influence outbound tourism demand. The empirical results show that income level, tourism price, and substitute price all have an impact on tourism demand, of which income level and substitution price have a positive impact on tourism arrivals; in contrast, tourism price has a negative effect. Afterward, based on the forecasted performance, the TVP-STSM model in state-space form is better than other benchmark models (Linear Regression model, ARIMA model, BSM model, and CSM model). Finally, this study finds the best model to forecast the number of tourists to SMT in the next 5 years. The results show that the largest increase among the three countries goes to Thailand, followed by Singapore and Malaysia; recommendations are also made on the forecasting of trends.
The extreme risk spillovers between the US and China’s agricultural commodity futures markets
Authors: Zhu Qiujing , Tansuchat Roengchai
Published: October 2019

In this study, we investigate the downside and upside risk spillover effects between the same kind of agricultural futures in the Chinese and US markets, taking the value-at-risk (VaR) and conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) as a risk measure, characterized and computed using copula-GARCH approach. We find evidence of a significant positive dependence between the US and Chinese agricultural commodity futures markets. And the empirical results also show that the existence of downside and upside risk spillover effects between variables, especially significant during financial turmoil periods. Market regulators and traders of agricultural futures will benefit by identifying tail dependence and extreme risk spillovers.
Application of cluster analysis and discriminant analysis in quality grading of jadeite red
Authors: Pan Xin , Guo Ying , Liu Ziyuan , Zhang Zikai , Shi Yuxiang
Published: October 2019

A more effective grading standard for jadeite-jade red was established through combining gemology with statistics. 120 jadeite-jade (red) samples were tested by X-Rite SP62 integral spherical spectrophotometer under standard light source D65 to quantify the lightness (L*), hue (hab°) and chroma (Cab*) of jadeite-jade red based on CIE 1976 L*a*b* uniform color space theory. K-Means clustering analysis method in SPSS 22.0 statistical analysis software was used to grade the color of red jadeite-jade. Fisher discriminant analysis method was used to verify the feasibility of the classification and to find an objective and effective color grade evaluation method. Finally, the jadeite-jade red was divided into five grades: Fancy Vivid, Fancy Deep, Fancy Intense, Fancy dark and Fancy.
Food safety and environmental risks based on meat and dairy consumption surveys
Authors: Djekic I , Petrovic J , Tomasevic I
Published: October 2019

This paper gives an overview of the possibilities of using meat and dairy consumption studies in food safety and environmental risk scenarios. For both types of riskbased scenarios, common denominators are consumption patterns such as frequency and quantity of consumed food, demographic profile of consumers and food safety hazard or environmental impact of a specific type of food. This type of data enables development of simulation models where the Monte Carlo method is considered as a useful mathematical tool. Synergy of three dimensions – field research used in consumption studies, advanced chemometric tools necessary for quantifying chemical food safety hazards or environmental impacts and simulation models – has the potential to adapt datasets from various sources into useful food safety and/or environmental information.
Precision livestock farming in the context of meat safety assurance system
Authors: Nastasijevic I , Brankovic Lazic I , Petrovic Z
Published: October 2019

The food chain continuum `from farm to fork` should be managed to provide the appropriate level of consumer protection. Healthy animals are the essential precondition for obtaining a safe food supply. A science-based risk assessment includes the information about prevalence and concentration of major public health hazards of zoonotic origin (Salmonella, Campylobacter, Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia, Verotoxin-producing E. coli/VTEC) and chemical contaminants (residues of veterinary drugs, dioxins, mycotoxins) in all modules along the food (meat) chain: farm-transport-slaughterhouse-meat processing-distribution-retailconsumers. The effective monitoring of biological or behavioural symptoms related to animal health and welfare can be achieved by Precision Livestock Farming (PLF). PLF emerged as a farm management approach based on information and communication technology (ICT). It can enable the early disease detection system using electronic information transfer from biosensors, in optimising animal health, production and management processes on farm. PLF can deliver added value to the integrated meat safety assurance system (MSAS) by providing real-time evidence of animal health and welfare status. This will strengthen understanding of all three major aspects of MSAS that must be monitored: biological hazards (farm-slaughterhouse continuum), animal health and welfare (Food Chain Information (FCI) quality and flow), and contaminants (prioritisation in monitoring based on FCI information).
Perspectives in meat processing
Authors: Vasilev D , Stajkovic S , Karabasil N , Dimitrijevic M , Teodorovic V
Published: October 2019

Meat technology includes all steps from animal handling and slaughtering to production of different meat products. During animal handling, special attention is paid to animal welfare, not only to protect animals from suffering but also because of animal welfare’s importance for meat quality. The oldest processing methods (chilling, freezing, salting, smoking and drying) are being readjusted with respect to equipment and consumer’s health issues. Special attention is given to preservation of meat’s nutritive value (milder heat treatment) and health promoting properties of the products (functional foods). Novel methods (irradiation, high pressure, pulsed electric field, pulsed light and cold plasma) struggle with some issues such as acceptance by consumers, expensive equipment and effects on food’s sensory properties. Along with novel products, demand for traditional meat products is still increasing which requires the the uniqueness and quality of these products to be preserved, along with increased production capacity.
The influence of cooking methods and juniper essential oil on lipid oxidation in pork chops
Authors: Ivic M , Tomovic V , Jokanovic M , Skaljac S , Sojic B
Published: October 2019

In this research, the effects of three cooking methods (boiling–vacuum bag, boiling–plastic bag and baking) on the lipid oxidation and overall sensory acceptability of pork chops marinated with and without juniper essential oil were investigated. The thiobarbituric acid reactive substance content was affected by both marinating and cooking methods. Pork chops from juniper essential oil marinade had lower thiobarbituric acid reactive substance values throughout the marinating and two cooking methods (boiling–plastic bag and baking) in comparison to their control counterparts. The pork chops with juniper oil, regardless of cooking method, were evaluated with significantly higher scores for overall acceptability than all analysed control pork chops.
Characteristics of textured soy protein products as raw materials in the meat industry
Authors: Jovanovic I , Novic G , Jovanović M , Vujacic Lj
Published: October 2019

Soy protein belongs to the group of whole proteins and is recognised as a high quality plant protein. In the meat industry, soy-based protein products are used as functional additives (emulsifiers, stabilizers) or as good nutritional fillers, i.e. replacement for part of the meat in a recipe. They can be added in dry or in hydrated states (textured soy products). As a result of regular product control conducted for the company Sojaprotein, data on protein content and water hydration capacity obtained between 2016 and 2018 for textured soy protein SOPROTEX–N, and textured soy concentrate TRADCON T, both minced products, are presented in this paper.
An insight into in vitro antioxidant activity of Cantharellus cibarius hot water extract for the potential application in meat products
Authors: Novakovic S , Djekic I , Vunduk J , Klaus A , Lorenzo JM , Barba F , Tomasevic I
Published: October 2019

The current research was undertaken to estimate the in vitro antioxidant activity of Cantharellus cibarius mushroom extracted by boiling in water for 30 minutes. Several previous studies have shown that the addition of edible mushrooms in meat products affects the reduction of lipid oxidation and prolongs the shelf-life of the final products. Antioxidant capacity of C. cibarius was measured using the following methods: reducing power ability, lipid peroxidation assay, cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC) and DPPH free radical scavenging activity. Reducing power and antioxidant activity assays of C. cibarius hot water extract showed low antioxidant activity. CUPRAC assay demonstrated positive effect only at the concentration of 10 mg/mL, whereas DPPH radical scavenging activity showed moderate antioxidant activity in comparison with culinary-medicinal mushrooms, with the effective concentration (EC50) from 7.41 mg/mL.
Temporal and spatial characteristics of soil moisture dynamics in fixed dune of the Horqin sandy land
Authors: Yao S X , Zhao C C
Published: October 2019

The spatio-temporal variability of soil moisture (SM) in the fixed dune was analyzed based on the long-term monitoring data of SM at a depth of 1.5m in the fixed dune of the Horqin Sandy Land from May to September (that is growing season) for the 6th consecutive year (2009~2014) and the synchronize rainfall data. The results indicated that: (1) The changes of SM with the month generally showed a “W-shaped” curve in 2009, 2010 and 2011, and higher SM appeared in July. In 2012, the SM was lower in May and higher in June, and decreased slightly in the following three months. In 2013 and 2014, the changes of SM with the month showed a continuous downward trend. (2) Except for 2013, the SM was lower in the surface layer (0~10 cm), and the SM increased first, then decreased, and finally increased with soil depth. (3) As the soil depth increases, both SD and CV of SM showed a decreasing trend. According to the SD and CV method, the vertical variation layers of SM in fixed dunes of the study area were initially divided into the fast changing layer of 0~50 cm, the active layer of 50~90 cm and the second active layer of 90~150 cm.
Comparing straw checkerboards paving methods in deserts of China with sustainability indicators
Authors: Sui T T , Liu J H , Huang T , Huang Q Q , Wang D , Ma K
Published: October 2019

The straw checkerboard sand barrier (SCSB) is widely used to fix sand and prevent desertification n China. In this paper, two methods of straw checkerboard (SC) paving are compared using sustainability indicators: the traditional method employing workers using straw and shovel, and the mechanized method using straw and a sand fixing vehicle. The paper describes the processes of the two different paving methods. Data regarding these two different methods of SC0020 paving were obtained from prior research experiments conducted by a sand-fixing vehicle prototype. The paper proceeds to use three sustainability indicators representing the three aspects of sustainable development. Using these indicators, data were compared to assess these two methods. The results show that the operational efficiency of the mechanized method is nearly 200 times higher than the traditional method, and that the total cost in the operational process can be reduced by about 7, 200 Yuan (about 1,145 USD) per hectare. The completion cycle of the break-even point (164 hectares) is 52.5 days in mechanized method, which is about one tenth of the traditional method. This not only indicates a clear advantage of performance and cost-effectiveness for the mechanized process over the traditional method, but also shows that this mechanized process can contribute to sustainable development for the region greatly because the preliminary work on degraded land and soil restoration can be completed in a significantly shorter period and the health conditions of a large number of manual workers can be improved.
Identification of suitable culture media for stimulation of Dendrobium ‘Earsakul’ growth
Authors: Hualsawat S , Ngoenyu K , Phanya K , Inthaisong S , Moranok S , Promaunand S , Tantasawat P A
Published: October 2019

Dendrobium is one of the most important economic cut-flowers in Thailand because of its attractive floral characteristics and popularity among consumers worldwide. However, its slow growth has prevented rapid mass micropropagation. The objective of this work was to stimulate Dendrobium growth in vitro using supplements, plant growth regulators and natural extracts. Dendrobium plantlets were cultured on VW0 media supplemented with 3 doses each of the energy drink Ready® (5, 10 and 15 mL/L), 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP; 1, 2 and 3 mg/L), V8® juice (100, 200 and 300 mL/L) and shrimp paste (2.5, 5 and 7.5 g/L) for 90 days. Plain VW0 media were used as control. The results showed that at 90 days the highest fresh weight (0.39 ± 0.05 g), plant height (3.99 ± 0.23 cm) as well as total root length (7.08 ± 1.30 cm) was obtained on VW0 media supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP. These were 1.8, 1.5 and 2.5-fold higher than those observed on plain VW0 media, respectively. However, the number of roots and number of leaves of plantlets cultured on this medium were not statistically significant. Results suggest that this culture medium is useful in promoting D. ‘Earsakul’ growth in vitro and may be applied for any future commercial micropropagation.
Study on influence and compensation for soil compactness on volumetric water content measurement
Authors: Tian H , Gao C , Gao Z T , Zhao Y D
Published: October 2019

Volumetric water content measurements based on soil dielectric properties are affected by soil compaction. Today’s commercial products produce substantial measurement error as they do not account for the influence of soil compaction. This paper presents a portable soil volumetric moisture content sensor based on the principle of standing wave rate and simultaneous soil compactness measurement. The coupling relationship between soil compactness and soil volumetric moisture content can be easily observed by converting them into polar coordinates. A modified soil volumetric moisture content model based on the soil compactness is also established to support the operation of the proposed sensor.
Preliminary study on development of city animal husbandry industrialization
Authors: Zhang S H
Published: October 2019

As an important part of agriculture, animal husbandry is not only the sun-rising industry, but also the advantage industry to increase farmers' income. Today, the industrialization of animal husbandry as a product of the socialist market economic development, has become key means for a sustained and stable development of animal husbandry. Dingxi City has a long history of the development of animal husbandry and livestock natural resources which provide a solid foundation, plus there are good transport conditions. Advantages of natural resources, location and other aspects of animal husbandry make Dingxi as dominant industries. Using of the existing advantages to achieve industrialization and intensification. In this paper, the development of the rural animal husbandry industrialization is preliminarily explored in the case of Dingxi City. Combined with the current situation of the animal husbandry industrialization in Dingxi City, the paper puts forward some problems. In view of the mentioned problems, this paper focuses on the industrialization of rural animal husbandry, and puts forward the following suggestions: cultivating and strengthening leading enterprises to play their leading role in animal husbandry industry chain; enhance the construction of animal husbandry professional cooperation organizations; continue to promote the training of talents and constantly strengthen the construction of socialized service system, and so on.
Effect of egg white on physicochemical properties of mixed fish sausage
Authors: Klankklin T , Banjongsinsiri P , Vatanyoopaisarn S , Rangsardthong V , Thumthanaruk B
Published: October 2019

Fish sausage can be produced using a mixture of multiple species of fish, but such products are not generally well-received by customers due to their fishy flavor and soft texture. The objective of this research was to develop fish sausage using three types of fish (salmon, spotted knife fish and seven-striped carp). In addition, the effect of the addition of egg white on the chemical and physical properties of the fish sausage was also studied. Results showed that the formula FS7, which contains salmon, spotted knife fish, and seven-striped carp at a ratio of 0.33:0.33:0.33% (w/w), had a moisture content of 68.19%, emulsion stability of 97.15%, water holding capacity of 86.37%, and cooking loss of 4.63%. Formula FS7 was, therefore, chosen for improvement of its texture by adding fresh egg white. The effect of egg white at all levels had an impact on the color of the mixed fish sausage. Results show that increasing egg white from 1% to 3% in the mixed fish sausage formula FS7 slightly increased both L* and h°. However, increasing egg white did not affect the hardness of the mixed fish sausage. The addition of egg white at all levels increased the emulsion stability, but not the water holding capacity. Based on the results of this experiment, the use of 1% egg white helps to increase the lightness of mixed fish sausage but decreases the percentage of the water holding capacity.
Anethum graveolens as a possible modulator of testicular steroidogenesis
Authors: Tvrda E , Brenkus T , Duracka M , Kirchner R , Arvay J
Published: October 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible in vitro effects of Anethum graveolens L. (dill) extract on the steroidogenesis in testicular tissue. Specifically, we focused to determine the dominant chemical components of the dill extract followed by a subsequent assessment of its in vitro effects on the production of cholesterol, dehydroepiandrosterone, androstenedione and testosterone by rat testicular fragments. Dill extract was subjected to high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) which determined cyranosid, carvone, chlorogenic acid, p-hydroxybenzoic acid and salicylic acid among the predominant biomolecules. For the in vitro experiments, testicular fragments from 12 sexually mature Wistar rats were incubated in the absence (control) or presence of 10, 100 or 1000 μg/mL extract for 24 h. Cholesterol levels were quantified via photometry and the hormones were evaluated by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Our data showed that the release of cholesterol and androstenedione (but not dehydroepiandrosterone and testosterone) by the testicular fragments obtained from seminiferous tubules was significantly affected by the dill extract in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure to the extract led to a significant decrease of both cholesterol as well as androstenedione (P<0.01 in case of 10 μg/mL; P<0.001 with respect to 100 and 1000 ug/mL extract). Our results suggest that the bioactive molecules present in Anethum graveolens L. could have dose-dependent impact on the secretion of selected male reproductive hormones, playing a role in the regulation of testicular steroidogenesis. Nevertheless, the exact effect of individual biomolecules on the endocrine testicular function has yet to be investigated.
Methods for the effective treatment of animal burns
Authors: Efimova O I , Dimitrieva A I , Nesterova O P , Aldyakov A V , Obukhova A V , Ivanova T N
Published: October 2019

Burns (combustio) - tissue damage arising from thermal, chemical, electrical or radiation exposure. Burn disease – a complex violation of the organs and systems, developing due to extensive burns. The cause of burn disease is the loss of all types of the skin functions, loss of plasma, the collapse of red blood cells, as well as metabolic disorders. The probability of development, severity, and prognosis in this pathology are determined by the age of the patient, the General condition of his body and some other factors, but the leading role is played by the area of the lesion. 500 thousand animals are burned according to statistics in Russia for the year, and as a rule, mortality among burned animals is more than 11%. Treatment includes antibiotic therapy, infusion, and detoxification therapy, correction of all organs and systems. Treatment of burns of the first and second degree is most often limited to the local use of drugs that reduce pain sensitivity, promote faster tissue regeneration and help prevent infection, which leads to lengthening of healing processes and other complications. In the case of third and fourth-degree burns, regular thorough cleaning of the affected areas is also necessary, sometimes surgical intervention is required. Today, burns are widespread, so the search for effective treatments remains relevant. In this paper, we describe the etiology, pathogenesis of burns of small pets, the definition of the most effective and cost-effective method of treatment. The task of the research was also to determine the degree of burns and diagnosis of burns.
Optimization conditions of adventitious buds regeneration from petiole explants of Echinacea purpurea
Authors: Liu Y , Gao M F , Rao G S , Xue Y B , Chen J P
Published: October 2019

Echinacea purpurea as a perennial herb has high ornamental and medicinal value. While the tissue culture technologies of E. purpurea are contradictory. In order to improve the culture conditions of the adventitious buds regeneration of E. purpurea, petioles from the aseptic seedlings were used as the explants. Different concentrations of sodium nitrophenolate (SN), copper sulfate (CuSO4), amine fresh ester (DA-6), sodium nitroprusside (SNP) and ascorbic acid (Vc) were added into MS medium containing cytokinin and auxin, respectively, to investigate their effects on inducing regeneration of adventitious buds. The results showed that the best induction effects of adventitious buds were obtained under 1 mg/L CuSO4, 1 mg/L DA-6, 0.2 mg/L SN, 2 mg/L SNP and 20 mg/L Vc conditions. Our results can provide references for the induction of adventitious buds regeneration and rapid propagation of E. purpurea.
Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates deconstruct Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) virus coat
Authors: Lee M J , Liu B L , Chen C J , Chang K M , Huang S D , Chang C A
Published: October 2019

Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV) and Cymbidium mosaic virus (CymMV) are very resistant viruses and survive without cells in soil or bench environment for up to 10 years. Two strategies may prevent the infection of these virus to the plants. Firstly, to rid the cultivation environment and agriculture tools of the virus particles, and secondly, to apply the anti-viral agent on the plant to prevent the infection of the viruses. These requires development of new type of anti-viral agents. Previously Streptomyces spp was isolated, and culture filtrate was demonstrated to be anti-viral. Two strains, SML-1 and CA5-NO6 were isolated. In this paper we presented tests to compare the effects of these two strains and other anti-viral agents, on ORSV and CymMV. The culture filtrate of Streptomyces spp. CA5-NO6 strain, as well as SML-1 strain, was tested for their ability to destroy coat protein of ORSV. Morphology of ORSV or CymMV was examined by atomic force microscopy (AFM) after treatment of the following: (1) The culture filtrate of CA5-NO6 strain (2) Trypsin, a known proteinase, (3) virusbom, an proprietary product sold in Taiwan claimed to work as an enzyme. Our results demonstrated that CA5-NO6 strain destroyed the coat protein slightly better than SML-1 strain. CA5-NO6 act on the ORSV virus in a different way to that of trypsin or virusbom, while different buffers result in different morphology of the same virus under AFM. Our data suggested the Streptomyces spp. culture filtrates deconstruct ORSV and CymMV virus coat by a mechanism not similar to those of trypsin or virubom, and both strains works, with CA5-NO6 slightly better than SML-1 strain. This provide evidence to support the further development for commercialization of the culture filtrates.
Effect of urban green biomass (pruning materials) compost on the growth of komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis LH Bailey) in different soils
Authors: Liu E X , Takahashi T
Published: October 2019

Mineralization of organic matter in soil is affected by the total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) contents and microbial activity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the application of compost made from pruning materials (PMs) would have different effects on plant growth depending on the properties of the soil. We grew komatsuna (Brassica rapa L. var. perviridis LH Bailey) plants for 1 month in different soils and found that there was a significant positive correlation between plant growth and the total C, N contents and microbial activity of the soil (p < 0.05). However, although PMs compost could be used as conditioners to increase the C and N contents and microbial activity of infertile soils, it was difficult to promote plant growth during the early stages of PMs compost application in these soils. Together, our results indicate that PMs compost is appropriate compost for sustaining or increasing the total C and N contents and microbial activity of the soil and increasing the yield of plants growing in fertile soil.
Implementation of a disaster management system for local governments in Japan
Authors: Goso T , Kakuzaki T , Kusayanagi S
Published: October 2019

Reconstruction after the Great East Japan Earthquake in March 2011 has been delayed. To suitably respond to similar large-scale disasters in the future, the implementation of a disaster management system at the local municipal level, aimed at rapid reconstruction that includes management of processes from pre-disaster to the reconstruction phase, is required. In this study, we develop a prototype of such a system, which is referred to as the Local Government Disaster Management System (LGDMS). For our study, we collaborate with a municipality in Kochi, Japan. In the LGDMS prototype, we use a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) format, wherein the contents of each activity and roles of different organizations in those activities are defined based on a study of organizational problems and law and regulation issues among the central government, prefectural governments, and municipal governments. The Construction Management Committee of the Japan Society of Civil Engineers (JSCE) established a subcommittee for this research. This subcommittee is composed of university faculty members, local consulting engineers, and administrative officials in Tohoku and Kochi. The subcommittee is striving to implement LGDMS in several municipalities in Kochi.
Flexible hydrogen sensor based on Pd/TiO2 nanofilm with fast response
Authors: Wu S H , Li Z Y , Mao S , Wang H Y , Wang X R
Published: October 2019

Flexible hydrogen sensors based on palladium (Pd) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanofilm on poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) substrate have been demonstrated. We have prepared PDMS using anodic aluminum oxide template and researched the performance of Pd/TiO2 nanofilm based hydrogen sensors with different thickness of TiO2. The sensor with 6nm thickness of TiO2 has demonstrated the best performance with a response/recovery time of 1.6 s/6 s at 0.2% hydrogen concentration, respectively.
Effect of wood/basalt hybridization on crystallization and mechanical properties of PLA
Authors: Mazur K , Kuciel S
Published: October 2019

In this study hybrid composites based on polylactide were reinforced with wood and basalt fibres. Composites have undergone physical and mechanical tests and the water absorption after 1 and 14 days as well as the effect of biodegradation on strength properties have been determined. Additionally the effects of annealing and temperature of tests on mechanical properties were investigated. The addition of fibres considerably increased the susceptibility of the tested composites and for composites with addition of 7.5 wt% of each wood and basalt fibres increased by more than 35% at +23°C and was by 12 times higher at 80 °C . Heat treatment of composites positively influenced the results, mainly at elevated test temperatures. For pure PLA, the increase in Young’s modulus was over 22 times (from 157 MPa to 3 473 MPa). The addition of fibres resulted in a reduction of the differences between the materials before and after annealing. Impact strength was more than double for composites after heat treatment at room temperature.
Distribution of fillers and reinforcements in injection moulded thermoplastic composites: Case study of glass bubbles
Authors: Elsabbagh A , Attia T , Ramzy A
Published: October 2019

Apart from the complex nature of natural fibers, studying glass bubbles, as reinforcement phase, is considered a good start to understand the flow behaviour of fillers or reinforcements and hence their distribution in the final products after injection moulding. Glass bubbles are thermally stable within the processing temperatures of Polypropylene. They are also void from the effect of fibre aspect ratio. This work explores the uneven glass bubbles content along injection moulded spirals out of polypropylene (PP). Glass bubbles are experimented at 10 and 30% volume fraction Vf levels. The processing temperature during the injection moulding varies in the range of 180-200°C. Injection pressure is changed from 250 to 1000 bar. Flow speed is adjusted at two levels of 60and 100 cm3/s. The response measurement is the distribution of the glass bubbles across the spiral at different distances from the injection point. The experimental results show the significance of the nominal Vf, pressure, temperature and flow speed on the distribution homogeneity where the bubbles move further in case of 30% at high pressure of 1000 bar and higher temperature of 200°C that eases the flow. At 10% Vf, the fluctuations in the measured Vf is minimal. The reason of the fluctuation in case of 30% Vf at high temperature and pressure is the multi-phase flow where the investigation shows that bigger size of bubbles acquires greater momentum to flow. Scaling-up of this study to the synthetic fibres will cover fragmentation. More up-scaling to the case of the natural fibre thermoplastic composites NFTC can deal with other factors like thermal stability and fibre splicing or branching.
Dielectric and piezoelectric properties of (0.10-x) Pb (Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3 -x Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.91Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 ceramics with high Qm
Authors: Yoo J , Kim K
Published: October 2019

In this paper, for developing the piezoelectric ceramics suitable for ultrasonic surgical instruments application, (0.10-x) Pb (Mn1/3Nb2/3)O3
-x Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.91Pb(Zr1/2Ti1/2)O3 (x=0. 0.015, 0.03, 0.045, 0.06, 0.075) ceramics were manufactured and then their physical characteristics were systematically analyzed. When Pb(Ni1/3Nb2/3)O3 and sintered temperature were is 0 mol%, 940°C, respectively, the excellent electrical properties (d33=236 pC/N, εr=731.9, kp=0.5839, Qm=1982) were obtained for ultrasonic surgical instruments and actuators.
Metal-oxide nanotubes functional material tailored for membrane water/wastewater treatment
Authors: Benamor A , Nasser M , El-Naas M H , Qiblawey H
Published: October 2019

Titanium Dioxide Nano-Tubes (TNTs) synthesized by hydrothermal method were used to prepare new polysulfone thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes. The TFN membranes contained different TNTs proportions (0.1, 0.3 and 0.5 wt. %). A polyamide selective layer was formed on top of the TFN membrane surface using interfacial polymerization (IP). Nanofiltration experiments were performed using NaCl and MgSO4 salts solutions. The water flux was found to increase with increased TNT loading in the membrane due to high porosity of embedded nanoparticles and the formation of enlarged pores. The antifouling behaviour of the membrane was tested by bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution and found to improve with increased TNT content in the membrane.
Protest-hit Thirty-Meter Telescope receives construction go-ahead
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: October 2019

The long-delayed $1.4bn Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) has been issued with a formal “notice to proceed” from the state of Hawaii’s Department of Land and Natural Resources (DLNR).
Green challenge
Authors: Durrani Matin
Published: October 2019

Replacing the Physics World polythene wrapper is more complex than it might seem.
Columns of crystals
Authors: Weaire Denis , Hutzler Stefan
Published: October 2019

In reply to Andria Rogava's letter (May p25) on how to build free-standing towers of tennis balls
Brain waves
Authors: Green Gary
Published: October 2019

Gary Green has spent his career working at the interface between physics, neuroscience and medicine. He speaks to Margaret Harris about starting a company, York Instruments, to commercialize a new brain-imaging technology
Tibet detector shatters cosmic gamma-ray record
Authors: Johnston Hamish
Published: October 2019

Gamma rays from space with energies as high as 450 TeV (450 × 1012 eV) have been observed by researchers using the ASgamma observatory at Yangbajing in Tibet.
Queen perform in 'atomic recording studio'
Authors: Jarman Sam
Published: October 2019

The iconic sound of the rock band Queen – whose members include the physicist Brian May – has been recorded and reproduced by atoms in a vapour.
US government websites axe talk of climate change
Authors: Gwynne Peter
Published: October 2019

The amount of information about climate change on US government websites has fallen significantly since Donald Trump became president in 2017, according to a report by the Environmental Data & Governance Initiative (EDGI).
New visa rules hit tech start-ups
Authors: Harris Margaret
Published: October 2019

Restrictions on US work visas may be deterring foreign-born science and engineering PhDs in America from joining technology start-ups, depriving such businesses of scarce talent.