bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors affecting the commercialization of food legumes in North Cameroon
Authors:   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) –P. O.Box 415, Garoua, Cameroon, Vunyingah M , Satou KN , Barbi M ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) –P. O.Box 415, Garoua, Cameroon, Kouebou C ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) –P. O.Box 415, Garoua, Cameroon, Ko APMD ,   Institute of Agricultural Research for Development (IRAD) –P. O.Box 415, Garoua, Cameroon
Published: March 2021

The study focused on factors affecting the commercialization of food legumes-cowpeas (Vigna unguiculata), bambara groundnuts(Vignasubterranea), groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea) and soybeans (Glycine max) in two departments (Benouéand Mayo-Louti) of the North Region of Cameroon. Qualitative and quantitative methods were used to collect data. Qualitative methods involved focus group discussions and direct observations. A structured interview guide was administered in major peri-urban and urban markets to get supportive quantitative data. The respondents were selected using purposive sampling technique. A content analysis was conducted and quantitative data was analyzed with the aid of XLSTAT 2007 software and Excel. A cross-section of the age and gender population was involved in the marketing of food legumes. Women constituted more than 80% in the retail sector on peri-urban markets. The study found that 100% of the vendors had never got any form of training on business management before engaging into the sector. Socio-cultural factors were determinant factors that impacted negatively in promoting an entrepreneurial culture among women. The marginalization of women, the restriction of land ownership by traditional tenure and poor distribution of land for agriculture were some of the main constraints faced by women. The impediments of women’s empowerment include their lack of access to the decision-making process, low participation in local governance and limited access to technology inputs and credit. Traditional practices forbid women and girls to have or manage large amounts of money. Such restrictions have serious consequences on agricultural production. Instead of exploiting the productive capacity of women at all levels, including food production and transformation, some of the traditions simply stifle their potential energies. In addition to socio-cultural factors, major bottlenecks faced in the production and commercialisation of food legumes includes social structural and institutional, agronomic, natural(biotic and abiotic stress)and climatic factors. Development of intervention strategies through exogenous innovation techniques might act as an incentive for smallholder farmers to invest more of their land and energy in cultivation of food legumes. More attention should be focused on market research and development with crop improvement programmes that are economically profitable, if food legumes are to continue making a greater contribution to the household income, nutrition and sustainable development in North Cameroon.
Growth rate of african catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and plankton diversity in ponds under organic and inorganic fertilization
Authors:   Maseno University, Otieno PA , Owiti DO ,   Maseno University, Onyango PO ,   Maseno University
Published: March 2021

Aquaculture offers the opportunity for safeguarding local and global food security in the face of declining capture fisheries. However, the form of aquaculture that is commonly practiced in Kenya is characterized by the use of agrochemicals such as fertilizers that negatively impact biodiversity especially when effluents from fish ponds drain into water bodies. This study aimed to determine differences in the growth rate of Clarias gariepinus, an important aquaculture fish in Kenya, to assess plankton diversity, and to identify phytoplankton species associated with pollution under organic and inorganic fertilization regimens using chicken manure, Diammonium phosphate, and urea, respectively. Average growth rate calculated per day was higher in the organically-fertilized ponds at 0.06 cm/day, followed by inorganically-fertilized ponds at 0.05cm/day and then, the control at 0.04 cm/day. Average weight gain was higher in organically-fertilized ponds at 0.08 g/day followed by ponds fertilized with inorganic fertilizer at 0.07 g/day and the control, at 0.06g/day. There were significant differences in growth rate across fertilization regimens (length: F2, 264= 24.06, p = 0.0399; weight: F2, 264 = 20.89, p = 0. 0457). Specifically, although differences in growth rate of fish in organically and inorganically fertilized ponds were not significant, fish in fertilized ponds were on average, longer and weighed more than those in the control pond. Jaccard’s similarity index for phytoplankton was highest (0.38) between organically-fertilized ponds and control but lowest (0.25) between inorganically-fertilized ponds and control. Use of chicken manure produced the highest diversity of zooplankton (Shannon-Weiner’s H in organically-fertilized pond = 1.886; inorganic = 1.044, and control = 0.935). The use of DAP and urea produced the highest proportion of phytoplankton species associated with pollution. These results do not support the commonly reported notion that ponds fertilized using inorganic fertilizers are more productive. Findings suggest that the use of inorganic fertilizers may threaten biodiversity in aquatic ecosystems through the production of toxic algae.
Postharvest losses of bulb onion (Allium cepa L.) in selected sub-counties of Kenya
Authors:   Kenya  Agricultural  and  Livestock  Research   Organization, Horticulture  Research Institute, P.O Box 220-01000, Thika, Kenya, Gathambiri CW , Owino WO ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Imathiu S ,   Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, P.O box 62000-00200, Nairobi, Kenya, Mbaka JN ,   Kenya  Agricultural  and  Livestock  Research   Organization, Horticulture  Research Institute, P.O Box 220-01000, Thika, Kenya
Published: March 2021

Inappropriate postharvest practices such as unsuitable harvesting methods and inadequate curing in bulb onion lead to losses. Postharvest losses in bulb onion contribute to food and nutrition insecurity. Although Kenya has suitable environmental conditions for bulb onion production, its productivity is low, which is attributed to pre-and postharvest factors. Information on bulb onion postharvest losses and their causes in the country is scanty which limits the development of postharvest losses reduction strategies. Therefore, this study was carried out in three major bulb onion growing sub-counties of Kenya namely Mt.Elgon, Buuriand KajiadoEastto determine postharvest practices, causes, and factors influencing postharvest losses of bulb onion. A multi-stage sampling design was used to select the study areas and a total of 166respondents were randomly selected. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect information on postharvest handling practices, postharvest loss levels, and their causes at farm level. Data were subjected to descriptive and logistic regression analysis using Statistical Package for Social Scientists(SPSS) software version 2.0. Results indicated that 68% of the respondents were males and with an average age of40 years in the three sites. Forty-eight percent of the respondents used leaves toppling, and 25% used drying of upper leaves as maturity indices. About 42% of the respondents used machete (panga) as a harvesting tool which significantly (P<0.05) influenced postharvest losses. Seventy seven percent of the respondents indicated that up to 30% of postharvest losses occurred at farm level. Forty percent of the respondents indicated that bulb onion rots caused 10 % loss at farm level. The level of education and mode of transport (bicycles and donkeys) significantly (P<0.05) influenced postharvest losses. It was concluded that the postharvest losses at farm levelwas30%andwere mainly caused by rotting. Socio-economic characteristics and postharvest handling practices influenced bulb onion losses at farm level. Development of postharvest losses reduction strategies on bulb onions focusing on alleviating rotting through appropriate postharvest handling practices at farm level was recommended.
Is shooting a sport? The outline of sport shooting in Poland as a subject matter of the sociology of sport
Authors: Zwarycz Piotr Adam
Published: March 2021

The main goals of this text are to answer the question of whether sport shooting should be treated as a sport and to convince readers that shooting can be an interesting subject within the sociology of sport. Sport shooting is an activity that is dynamically developing and has engaged more and more people in recent years in Poland. The article presents the history and specificity of this sport discipline, including the presentation of the competition and the classification of people participating in the social world of shooters. The text also contains preliminary conclusions on social phenomena concerning the shooting environment and methodological considerations related to barriers occurring in the study of this environment.
Queens in the shadow of kings – sociological notes on the historical process of women’s discrimination and emancipation in chess
Authors: Stempień Jakub Ryszard
Published: March 2021

The article concerns the unequal position of men and women in chess. This inequality is currently manifested in the male-dominated population of chess players, gender determined differences in the game level attained, and financial discrimination. Historical analysis shows that over the centuries chess has been regarded as a pastime suitable for both men and women. It was only the process of institutionalization of chess as a sport (and turning it into serious leisure activity, in R. Stebbins’ typology), which took place in the era of industrial society, that discrimination against women in chess came about. The emancipatory activities of women in this field, dating back to the second half of the 19th century, were commented on in the chess press in two ways, which are referred to in the text as the “Steinitz narrative” and the “de Coubertin narrative”. Both of these perspectives have remained resilient to this day, accompanying the progress in equalizing the position of men and women in chess that were seen in the 20th and 21st centuries.
The olympic games and new sport, recreation and leisure spaces for the local community
Authors: Omorczyk Adam
Published: March 2021

This article is an attempt to understand the changes caused by the organization of the Olympic Games. These changes are creating new places for sports, new recreational spaces and new challenges for the city. In discussing this topic, the author refers not only to scholarly sources and Internet resources, but above all to his field research, which was conducted in cities such as Athens and Barcelona. He also tries to organize and systematize those new places and objects that were created for, or transformed by, the Games. In addition, by supplementing the content with photos and accounts from his own research, the author tries to point out the potential reasons for both successes and organizational failures, which are still visible today in the heritage of the Olympic Games in specific cities.
Assessing Mungbean Productivity under Organic Management
Authors: . Shweta , Kumar Manoj , Kumar Amit , Sewhag Meena , . Neelam , Chaudhary Kautilya
Published: March 2021

Background: Now a day’s demand for organic food has increased. Being leguminous, requirement of nitrogen for mung is low. Soil organic matter could affect the soil microbial community and increase the crop growth and yield. In mungbean, roots have symbiotic rhizobia bacteria, which help in fixing atmospheric nitrogen into the soil. Nitrogen plays a major role in synthesis of protein, chlorophyll and plant enzymes of legume. The chemical fertilizers is used in huge quantity which hazards the soil and environment. Synthetic fertilizers have mainly macronutrients in large quantities and cemented the soil for worsening the soil and also the negative impact on crops, livestock and human being. The application of organic sources of nutrients improves the soil physical-chemical condition by adding macro and micronutrients both. Methods: A field experiment in Kharif season was conducted at Agronomy field of CCSHAU, Hisar, Haryana, to study the yield, quality and physiological parameters of mungbean under different organic sources. The experiment was conducted with nine treatments viz., T1- RDF, T2-FYM @ 5 t/ha, T3-Vermicompost@ 2.5 t/ha, T4-FYM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium, T5-Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha + Rhizobium, T6-Green manuring +FYM @ 5 t/ha, T7- Green manuring + Vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, T8-Green manuring + FYM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium and T9-Green manuring + Vermi-compost @ 2.5 t/ha + Rhizobium in RBD replicated thrice. Result: Application of recommended dose of fertilizer produced 6.93 and 4.04 percent higher yield as compared to green manuring + FYM @ 5t/ha + Rhizobium and green manuring + vermicompost @ 2.5 t/ha, respectively. The data revealed that the SPAD value of chlorophyll, RWC and LWP was higher with the application of various organic sources over to recommended dose of fertilizer.
Conhecimento dos acadêmicos dos cursos da Saúde acerca das práticas integrativas e complementares
Authors: Soares Patrine Paz , Da Silva Mateus Célio , Pereira Carolina Calvo , Pereira Adriana Dall'Asta , Ilha Silomar , Filipin Rangel Rosiane
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: conhecer o que os acadêmicos dos cursos da área da saúde entendem por práticas integrativas e complementares. Método: Trata-se de uma pesquisa exploratória descritiva de caráter qualitativo, desenvolvida com 31 acadêmicos dos cursos de graduação da área da saúde de uma instituição privada de ensino superior, localizada na região central do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. Resultados: da análise dos dados foi possível a construção de quatro categorias, quais sejam: Práticas integrativas e complementares: complemento do conhecimento e da graduação; Práticas integrativas e complementares: atividade Interdisciplinar, multidisciplinar e cuidado multiprofissional; Práticas integrativas e complementares com foco no cuidado integral; Compreensão das práticas integrativas e complementares como processo preventivo de doenças e agravos. Considerações finais: a pesquisa apresentou diferentes tipos de percepções sobre as práticas integrativas e complementares, evidenciando a necessidade da inserção dessas terapias no processo de ensino dos cursos da saúde, tanto na teoria como na prática.
A psicossomática nos trabalhos de conclusão de curso de Naturologia da Unisul: uma análise à luz do pensamento sistêmico e da visão multidimensional da doença
Authors: Araújo Jéssica Gontijo Cançado , Roman Joana Anschau
Published: March 2021

Na busca por uma abordagem integral em saúde, a psicossomática pode ser uma ferramenta de compreensão da relação mente-corpo no processo de adoecimento. No entanto, é preciso atentar para a existência de múltiplas abordagens em psicossomática. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi analisar o uso dos fundamentos da psicossomática nos trabalhos de conclusão de curso (TCC) do bacharelado em Naturologia da UNISUL. A pesquisa qualifica-se como qualitativa, de caráter documental e exploratório. Foram utilizados os TCC’s produzidos no período de 2004 a 2018. Selecionou-se 24 artigos à partir dos critérios adotados. Os artigos foram analisados por meio de Análise de Conteúdo Temático, a partir de três categorias dadas a posteriori: a) A psicossomática como explicação causal da doença b) A responsabilização do indivíduo pela doença c) Doença como perda de harmonia. Como resultado, verificou-se um amplo uso do pensamento psicossomático nos trabalhos. Notou-se uma tendência a fazer relações diretas entre sintomatologias específicas e determinadas emoções, bem como a compreensão de que esse fenômeno adota unidirecionalmente o sentido mente-corpo. O adoecimento é entendido como perda da harmonia ou do equilíbrio interno. Apesar de ser compreendido com fenômeno multifatorial, ressalta-se a dimensão individual. Discutiu-se a necessidade de reconhecer a singularidade do sujeito no processo de adoecimento, bem como a valorização da construção da própria narrativa e reconhecimento da dimensão sistêmica do fenômeno. Por conseguinte, pode-se inferir que há uma necessidade de definição de um referencial teórico em psicossomática compatível com a compreensão sistêmica e multidimensional de saúde da naturologia.
A digitális fejlődés rangsorolása a DEA-típusú összetett indikátorok és a TOPSIS módszerével
Authors: Bánhidi Zoltán , Dobos Imre
Published: March 2021

A szerzők a digitális gazdaság és társadalom index (digital economy and society index, DESI) öt alapdimenziója segítségével, de az önkényes, szubjektív súlyozáson (scoring modellen) alapuló kompozit index helyett objektívebb, az adatsorok statisztikai tulajdonságait felhasználó rangsorolási módszerekkel kívánnak választ adni arra a kérdésre, hogy Magyarország hol helyezkedik el a digitális fejlettséget tekintve az EU (Európai Unió) országai között. A rangsorolást az összetett indikátorok burkológörbe-elemzése (data envelopment analysis/composite indicators, DEA/CI) és az ideális megoldásokhoz hasonló preferenciarendszer technikája (technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution, TOPSIS) alkalmazásával végzik el, majd összehasonlítják az EU-s országok két döntéselméleti eljárással kapott rangsorát. A TOPSIS- és a DEA/CI-módszer előnye a hagyományos DEA-val szemben, hogy abban az esetben is adattranszformáció nélkül alkalmazhatók, ha az adatok között csak (maximalizálandó) outputkritériumok vannak, ezáltal elkerülhetők a transzformációval járó torzítások. Az eredményül kapott rangsorok alapján Magyarország az uniós országok második harmadában helyezkedik el, így közepes digitális fejlettségűnek tekinthető.
La represión penal del acoso en el trabajo
Authors: Altés Tárrega Juan Antonio
Published: March 2021

En este artículo se estudian los delitos de acoso laboral y acoso sexual en el trabajo. Se analizan los elementos de los tipos delictivos y se intenta, cuando es posible, aportar una visión laboral que posibilite una mejor aplicación práctica de la represión penal de estas conductas violentas.
Formation of historical memory as a strategy of modern mass literature
Authors:   Herzen Russian State Pedagogical University, Chernyak Mariya A.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the urgent problem of the formation of historical memory in different texts of Russian mass literature (B. Akunin, A. Chiz, D. Miropolsky and others).An analysis of the “Artifact-Detective” series gives reason to make sure that the consequence of changes in the authors’ historical consciousness has become the formation of a new strategy for representing history, focused on modeling of historical process. Modern retro detective stories and historical novels represent a variety of artistic versions of historical events. They are aimed at the formation of a new historical consciousness that’s why they are distinguished by clear discursiveness and a sort of provocativeness. National histories in these works are integrated into the “global”, and the main source of ideas about the past are myths, legends and fictional assumptions. Nostalgia for the past, interest in redrawing history is a peculiar way of avoiding the present: the lack of understanding of the present in modern literature is obvious. The processes of creating new historical myths in the mass historical consciousness make works of mass literature especially significant for identifying certain sociocultural trends.
O. Mandelstam’s poem “Save my speech forever…”: to the interpretation of “dark” places
Authors:   Volgograd State Socio-Pedagogical University, Moskvin Vasily P.
Published: March 2021

The dark places of O. Mandelstam’s poem “Save my speech forever…” are considered, and explanatory solutions and comments are offered for each case. The existing interpretations in the scientific literature are critically analyzed, in particular: the presence of a figurative leitmotif in the poem (the article argues for the absence of such a leitmotif); the version supported by a number of experts about the poet’s readiness to make a deal with the authorities expressed in this text (arguments are given in favor of the fact that this version is based on allegoresis that is not quite acceptable for this particular case; hypostasis of the poetic image). The functional basis of the focusing on speech obscuration, which is considered a significant characteristic of the poetics of the late Mandelstam, is clarified, and the origins of the internal form of the term Heraclitus’ metaphor introduced by the poet are revealed.
Norman Mailer and the experience of celebrity
Authors:   Alexandru Ioan Cuza University of Iasi, Chiper Sorina
Published: March 2021

This article is a brief investigation into Norman Mailer’s experience as a celebrity figure in American letters, and how he struggled to deal with its effects. Mailer rose to fame quite early in his literary career. Subsequent failures with publishers made him adapt the strategies of the market place to promote himself, and thus he wrote his unusual autobiography, titled Advertisements for Myself. This book brought him back among the literary stars of the day, a position that he envisaged as a precondition for the fulfillment of his dream to create a revolution in the consciousness of his time. Such a revolution would be necessary in our times, too, yet nowadays, there are even more means to become famous than in the 20th century, and fame is even shorter-lived, to be able to act on the consciousness of a large public.
Der Übergang in eine nacheheliche Partnerschaft: Eine vergleichende Analyse zwischen Männern und Frauen auf Basis des deutschen Generations and Gender Survey
Authors: Jaschinski Ina
Published: March 2021

Due to continuously high marital dissolution rates, re-partnering becomes an increasingly regular life course experience. However, only few empirical studies have addressed the topic of repartnering after divorce. This analysis uses data from the first wave of the German Generations and Gender Survey (GGS), which was conducted in 2005, to study patterns of post-divorce union formation in Germany. Particular attention is given to potential gender differences. Surprisingly, the empirical investigation shows no major gender differences in re-partnering rates. High education increases re-partnering rates for both sexes. There is, however, a gender difference for the age at divorce determining re-partnering behaviour: while women who are older at divorce experience a rather low rate of re-partnering, we do not find such a clear pattern for their male counterparts.

Zusammenfassung

Angesichts kontinuierlich hoher Scheidungszahlen werden nacheheliche Beziehungen zu regelmäßigen Lebensereignissen innerhalb einer Partnerschaftsbiografie. Allerdings gibt es relativ wenige Studien zu den Determinanten der nachehelichen Paarbildung. In diesem Beitrag werden die Daten des Generations und Gender Surveys (GGS) aus dem Jahr 2005 verwendet, um einen Einblick in das nacheheliche Partnerschaftsverhalten in Deutschland zu gewinnen. Im Fokus der Betrachtung steht dabei, welche wesentlichen Einflussfaktoren diesen Prozess der Paarbildung bestimmen und zu welchen Unterschieden es dabei zwischen Männern und Frauen kommt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es bei den Übergangsraten in eine nacheheliche Partnerschaft kaum Geschlechterunterschiede gibt. Sowohl für Männer als auch für Frauen geht vom Bildungsniveau ein positiver Effekt auf die Übergangsrate in eine nacheheliche Partnerschaft aus. Nur in Bezug auf das Alter bei Scheidung gibt es geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede. Insbesondere bei Frauen zeigt sich der negative Einfluss des Alters deutlicher.
Entwicklung von Instrumenten zur Erfassung von Ambivalenz gegenüber dem Eingehen einer Partnerschaft
Authors: Pinquart Martin , Stotzka Carolin , Silbereisen Rainer K.
Published: March 2021

The present paper describes the development of two instruments for the direct versus indirect assessment of ambivalence concerning the beginning of an intimate relationship. Ambivalence was defined as coexistence of contradictory thoughts, feelings, or intentions regarding the start of an intimate relationship. The new scales show good to satisfactory psychometric properties. Ambivalence was related to neuroticism, shyness, anxious attachment representations, and low relationship quality. However, the direct assessment of ambivalence was more strongly correlated with other variables than the indirect measure. In addition, results are reported on the discriminant validity of the three subscales of the direct assessment of ambivalence.

Zusammenfassung Vorgestellt wird die Entwicklung von zwei Instrumente zur direkten bzw. indirekten Erfassung von Ambivalenz in Entscheidungen über das Eingehen einer Partnerschaft. Ambivalenz wurde hierbei definiert als Nebeneinanderbestehen von sich widersprechenden Gedanken, Gefühlen und Verhaltensimpulsen bezüglich des Eingehens einer Partnerschaft. Insgesamt weisen die Instrumente gute bis zufrieden stellende psychometrische Eigenschaften auf. Ambivalenz geht unter anderem mit Neurotizismus, Schüchternheit, einer ängstlichen Bindungsrepräsentation an die Mutter und einer schlechteren eigenen Partnerschaftsqualität einher. Das Instrument zur direkten Erfassung der Ambivalenz zeigt stärkere Zusammenhänge mit Außenkriterien als das Instrument zur indirekten Erfassung. Berichtet werden Befunde zur differentiellen Validität der drei Subskalen des Fragebogens zur direkten Erfassung der Ambivalenz.
Intergenerationale Scheidungstransmission und Aufwachsen in Stieffamilien. Gibt es den Transmissionseffekt auch bei Stiefkindern?
Authors: Schulz Sonja
Published: March 2021

The link between parental divorce and children’s later risk of divorce is well documented empirically, but previous studies have rarely considered the family type following the parental divorce. The post-divorce family type is important, however, for different explanations of the intergenerational transmission of divorce. In this work, the third Family Survey of the German Youth Institute (DJI) (2000) is used to analyse how growing up in a stepfamily after a parental divorce influences the later risk of divorce and which mediating mechanisms are capable of explaining the transmission of divorce. The results of the present study indicate that persons from post-divorce stepfamilies have a particularly high risk of divorce. Sex differences become apparent as well. For men, growing up in a post-divorce stepfamily increases the own risk of future divorce, while growing up with a divorced single parent has no effect. For women, growing up in either postdivorce family type increases the risk of divorce. The increased divorce risk of men raised in postdivorce stepfamilies can be partially explained by their typically lower investment into marriagespecific capital. Concerning women, the stressful situation in the family of origin offers an additional explanation of the relationship between growing up in a post-divorce stepfamily and the own risk of divorce. The mediator variables are less capable of explaining the link between growing up with a divorced single parent and the own risk of divorce for women. The findings are discussed with respect to their implications for different explanations of the intergenerational transmission of divorce.

Zusammenfassung

Dass Scheidungskinder in ihren eigenen Ehen einem erhöhten Scheidungsrisiko unterliegen, ist in einer Vielzahl von Untersuchungen empirisch nachgewiesen worden. Bisherige Studien haben allerdings nur selten die Art der Folgefamilie nach der elterlichen Scheidung berücksichtigt, obwohl diese zur Erklärung des Transmissionseffekts von Bedeutung ist. In der vorliegenden Untersuchung wird anhand des dritten Familiensurveys des Deutschen Jugendinstituts (2000) überprüft, inwiefern das Aufwachsen in einer Stieffamilie nach der elterlichen Scheidung das spätere Scheidungsrisiko beeinflusst und durch welche vermittelnden Mechanismen sich der Transmissionseffekt erklären lässt. Empirisch zeigt sich, dass Personen aus Scheidungsstieffamilien in besonderem Maße einem erhöhten Scheidungsrisiko unterliegen und dass Geschlechtsunterschiede im Transmissionseffekt bestehen: Für Männer erhöht lediglich das Aufwachsen in einer Scheidungsstieffamilie das eigene Scheidungsrisiko, das Aufwachsen bei einem alleinerziehenden Elternteil hat keinen Effekt.
Welchen Einfluss hat die Aufteilung von Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung auf Partnerschaftskonflikte und Partnerschaftszufriedenheit bei berufstätigen Paaren?
Authors: Meuwly Nathalie , Wilhelm Peter , Eicher Véronique , Perrez Meinrad
Published: March 2021

Although women’s relationship satisfaction is known to covary with satisfaction regarding couples’ division of housework and child care, the factors mediating these associations are rarely examined. To test the hypothesis that relationship conflict mediates the link between housework and relationship satisfaction, 207 dual-earner couples with young children completed questionnaires about their relationship and how they divided housework and child care. Most couples were satisfied with the division of labor, and women did most of the housework and child care. For husbands and wives, dissatisfaction with division of housework and child care was associated with more perceived conflicts, which in turn covaried with lower relationship satisfaction. Division of housework was more strongly associated with relationship satisfaction for women than for men, but there were no gender differences for the impact of child care responsibilities on relationship satisfaction. In general, subjective evaluation of the division of labor had stronger effects on relationship conflicts and satisfaction than the division of labor itself.

Zusammenfassung

In bisherigen Studien zeigte sich, dass vor allem bei Frauen die Zufriedenheit mit der Arbeitsteilung mit der Partnerschaftszufriedenheit zusammenhängt. Ungeklärt ist, ob dieser Zusammenhang durch eine Reduktion des Konfliktpotentials in der Partnerschaft vermittelt wird und welche Rolle dabei die tatsächliche Aufteilung der Familienarbeit spielt. 207 Schweizer Doppelverdiener-Paare mit Kleinkindern wurden anhand von Fragebogen zu Partnerschaft und Arbeitsteilung befragt. Die familiäre Arbeitsteilung wurde überwiegend als zufriedenstellend erlebt, dabei verrichteten mehrheitlich die Frauen die Hausarbeit und betreuten die Kinder. Bei beiden Partnern war eine geringere Zufriedenheit mit der Aufteilung von Hausarbeit und Kinderbetreuung mit häufigeren Konflikten assoziiert, welche wiederum mit einer geringeren Partnerschaftszufriedenheit zusammenhingen. Im Gegensatz zur Kinderbetreuung waren die Effekte der Arbeitsteilung der Hausarbeit auf die Partnerschaft stärker für die Frauen als für die Männer. Dabei war die subjektive Bewertung der Arbeitsteilung bedeutender für die berichteten Konflikte und die Partnerschaftszufriedenheit als die tatsächliche Arbeitsteilung.
Auswirkungen der Pflege eines Partners auf Partnerschaft und Sexualität
Authors: Karrasch Ralph-Michael , Reichert Monika
Published: March 2021

This study shows that caregiving for a spouse with a chronic disease or disability can be a difficult task in many ways and can have a negative impact (e.g. lack of intimacity, sexual problems) on the quality of the relationship between the couple. With regard to sexual problems, for example, insufficient ways to handle sexual dysfunction of the (male) partner, the avoidance of talking about sexuality, a misleading perception of each other’s sexual needs and jealousy can be experienced as especially burdensome. As a consequence, very often caregivers and care receivers report a lower marital satisfaction compared to the time before the caregiving situation set in. In order to reduce the negative impact caregiving may have on the partnership, changes in everyday life and in the relationship have to be accepted and, adequate coping strategies have to be used or learned, respectively (e.g. improvement of verbal communication skills).

Zusammenfassung:

Diese Studie zeigt, dass die Pflege eines Partners mit chronischer Erkrankung oder Einschränkung in vielerlei Hinsicht eine schwierige Aufgabe darstellt und negative Auswirkungen – wie einen Mangel an Zärtlichkeit oder sexuelle Probleme – auf die Partnerschaftsqualität haben kann. In Hinblick auf sexuelle Probleme können unzureichende Wege mit sexueller Dysfunktion des (männlichen) Partners umzugehen, das Vermeiden von Gesprächen über Sexualität, eine irreführende Wahrnehmung der gegenseitigen sexuellen Bedürfnisse und Eifersucht als besonders belastend erlebt werden. Als Folge berichten Pflegende und Gepflegte über eine geringere Zufriedenheit mit der Partnerschaft als in der Zeit, bevor die Pflegesituation auftrat. Um die möglichen negativen Auswirkungen einer Pflegesituation auf die Partnerschaft zu verringern, müssen Veränderungen im alltäglichen Leben und in der Partnerschaft besser angenommen und adäquate Bewältigungsstrategien wie z.B. eine Verbesserung der verbalen Kommunikation genutzt bzw. erlernt werden.
„Ich und meine Familie“ – Reflexionen von Scheidungskindern über ihre Familie
Authors: Krause Christina , Klopp Verena
Published: March 2021

For children, the divorce of their parents constitutes a critical life event exposing them to various stressful situations and requires them to reorganize and restructure their concept of the family. This study aims at gathering information on the children’s perspective on the reorganized relationships within the family. In the context of the study „I am who I am – Health promotion through reinforcement of self-esteem”, children from elementary schools have been asked to draw pictures of their families. The depictions made by children of divorced parents differ significantly from those made by children who did not experience their parents’ divorce. A closer inspection of the group consisting of children of divorced parents shows that boys have greater difficulties than girls to adapt to the new family situation. The depictions made by children of divorced parents are heterogeneous, there is no proof of a typical after-divorce situation.

Zusammenfassung

Eine elterliche Trennung ist für Kinder ein kritisches Lebensereignis, das sie vielfältigen Belastungen aussetzt und von ihnen eine Reorganisation und Umstrukturierung des Familienkonzepts erfordert. Das Ziel der Untersuchung bestand darin, die kindliche Perspektive gegenüber den neu organisierten Familienbeziehungen zu erfassen. Im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts „Ich bin ich – Gesundheit fördern durch Selbstwertstärkung” wurden von Grundschulkindern Familienbilder angefertigt. In diesem Beitrag werden die Ergebnisse dieser Analyse vorgestellt. Die Darstellungen der Scheidungskinder unterscheiden sich deutlich von den Darstellungen der Kinder, die die Erfahrung von Scheidung nicht gemacht haben. Die nähere Betrachtung der Gruppe der Scheidungskinder zeigt, dass Jungen mehr Anpassungsschwierigkeiten an die neue Familiensituation haben als Mädchen. Die Darstellungen der Scheidungskinder sind sehr heterogen, die typische Nachscheidungssituation kann nicht festgestellt werden.
Karl Mannheims „Problem der Generationen“ – 80 Jahre danach
Authors: Becker Henk A.
Published: March 2021

Since the publication of Mannheim’s two part article on “The Problem of Generations“ in 1928 and 1929 social change has made it necessary to elaborate on his concept of generations. Cohort generations and typological generations have to distinguished, because since 1957 stereotypes of generations have been institutionalized in society at large. Also, a distinction between general, partial and specific generations has to be made. In contemporary sociological research on generations many methods from epidemiological research can be applied, in particular probability models. Data warehouses contribute to the opportunities for generational research. The demarcation of the formative period in the life course has to be based not only on sociological but also on psychological and biological criteria. Research on religion and on the family can benefit from advantages provided by research on generations.

Zusammenfassung

Mannheims Generationenbegriff aus seinem 1928 und 1929 erschienen zweiteiligen Artikel über „Das Problem der Generationen“ muss in der Gegenwart teilweise überarbeitet werden. Mannheims Unterscheidung zwischen Kohortengenerationen und Typologiegenerationen muss neu ausgearbeitet werden, da seit 1957 Stereotype von Generationen allgemein verbreitet wurden. Auch eine Differenzierung zwischen allgemeinen, partiellen und spezifischen Generationen ist notwendig geworden. Die gegenwärtige soziologische Generationenforschung kann häufig Methoden der Epidemiologieforschung anwenden, wie beispielsweise die Verwendung von Zufallsmodellen. Datenarchive erweitern die Möglichkeiten der Generationsforschung. Die Formativperiode im Lebenslauf ist nicht nur soziologisch, sondern auch biologisch und psychologisch abgegrenzt. Religionsforschung und Familienforschung können von der Generationenforschung profitieren.
Müttererwerbstätigkeit in Ost- und Westdeutschland
Authors: Kreyenfeld Michaela , Geisler Esther
Published: March 2021

This article provides an overview on the labor force behavior of women with children in East and West Germany using data from the German Microcensus of the years 1991, 1996 and 2002. Besides the question of an East-West-convergence of behavior, we investigate educational differences in mothers’ employment behavior.

Zusammenfassung

Auf Basis der Daten des Mikrozensus aus den Jahren 1991, 1996 und 2002 gibt dieser Artikel einen Überblick über das Erwerbsverhalten von Frauen mit Kindern in Ost- und Westdeutschland. Neben der Frage der Ost-West-Angleichung stehen bildungsspezifische Unterschiede im Erwerbsverhalten im Vordergrund der Analyse.
Der Kinderwunsch von Kinderlosen
Authors: Ruckdeschel Kerstin
Published: March 2021

Using data of the German Population Policy Acceptance Study (PPAS) 2003, we analyse fertility intentions of childless individuals and their motives against having a first child. We find individual value orientations as a main cause for differences between childless individuals with fertility intentions and those without. Additionally there are fundamental differences between the new and the old German Länder in what concerns the dimension and the structure of fertility intentions as well as motives against having own children.

Zusammenfassung

Mit den Daten der deutschen Population Policy Acceptance Study (PPAS) von 2003 wird der Kinderwunsch von Kinderlosen, sowie mögliche Gründe gegen eigene Kinder untersucht. Dabei stellen vor allem individuelle Werthaltungen ein entscheidendes Differenzierungskriterium zwischen Kinderlosen mit und ohne Kinderwunsch dar. Zudem bestehen zwischen den alten und den neuen Bundesländern grundsätzliche Unterschiede, sowohl was das Ausmaß und die Struktur des Kinderwunsches betrifft, als auch die Gründe gegen eine eigene Elternschaft.
„Für Politik relevant“ bedeutet mehr als nur „Forschung mit Anwendungsbezug“ – Kommentar zu Guy Bodenmann
Authors: Silbereisen Rainer K.
Published: March 2021

In this commentary on Bodenmann’s paper, I try to exemplify that in order to be relevant to the formulation of social policies, researchers need to offer more than correlative evidence on potential family antecedents of children’s behaviour that are deemed problematic for the development of competence. Rather, a clear cause-effect relation has to be established via adequate design. Moreover, policy makers need information on the malleability of the antecedent condition, such as parental sensitivity mentioned by Bodenmann, knowledge about potential thresholds for effective intervention, cost-effect estimates, and insights into potential side effects and alternative solutions to the targets and measures originally suggested.

Zusammenfassung

Der Kommentar zu Bodenmanns Beitrag versucht an Beispielen zu zeigen, dass es mehr als korrelativer Evidenz zum Zusammenhang von familiären Risikobedingungen und problematischen kindlichen Verhaltensweisen bedarf, wenn man als Forscher politische Entscheidungen zur Planung von Interventionen beeinflussen will. Zuvorderst muss eine klare Ursache-Wirkungs-Beziehung mit geeigneten Designs belegt werden. Weiterhin sind Informationen über die Veränderbarkeit der Risikobedingung, etwa die von Bodenmann angeführte elterliche Sensitivität erforderlich, man benötigt Kenntnisse zu möglichen Schwelleneffekten mit Blick auf das Problemverhalten, Abschätzungen der Kostenwürdigkeit, sowie Einsichten in mögliche Nebeneffekte der Intervention und alternativer Ziele und Maßnahmen.
The effects of organizational ambidexterity and justice on organizational learning
Authors: Eraslan Ilkay , Altindag Erkut
Published: March 2021

This study examines the relationship between organizational justice and organizational ambidexterity with organizational learning. This paper also evaluates the effect of organizational justice on organizational learning strategies of employees in the cause-effect relationship and measure the effect of perceived organizational support and bi-directionality on organizational learning. 645 family firms operating in Istanbul have been analyzed with Structural Equation Model. Findings demonstrate that organization's ambidexterity ability and the concept of justice in the organization had an indirect and positive effect on the perception of organizational support. This study also highlights that companies using their generic knowledge and skills increase the effectiveness of their innovation activities. The exploratory and development capabilities of a company make a significant contribution to the personal development of the employees in the company.
The effect of a credit sales accounting information system on the effectiveness of account control in PT Megah Kayu Industri Bandung
Authors: Rizka Karissa , Gunanta Remon
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine and study how much influence the sales accounting information system, accounting information system cash receipts on the effectiveness of control of accounts receivable. The population in this study is limited, namely employees of PT Megah Kayu Industri Bandung. The sampling technique was 30 respondents. Data collection techniques used primary and secondary data with the help of SPSS version 20. For windows. From the test results, it can be concluded that the credit sales accounting information system, the cash receipt accounting information system have a partial and joint effect on the effectiveness of controlling accounts.
Examining the effect of diversification, corporate governance and intellectual capital on sustainability performance
Authors: Fajriyanti Nurul , Sukoharsono Eko Ganis , Abid Noval
Published: March 2021

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of diversification, corporate governance and intellectual capital on sustainability performance, either directly or indirectly, by involving financial performance as a mediating variable. This study uses secondary data on Islamic Commercial Banks in Indonesia which are registered with the Financial Services Authority from 2011 - 2018, with a sample size of 10 Islamic banks that meet the criteria using the purposive sampling method so that 80 observations are obtained. Data is obtained from annual reports, sustainability reports, and reports on the implementation of good corporate governance. The data analysis technique used SEM-PLS with the help of WarpPLS 7.0 software. The results of the study provide empirical evidence that both the quality and quantity of corporate governance, intellectual capital and financial performance have a positive effect on sustainability performance.
Impact of the new digital competitors on Swiss banking business models
Authors: Atca Gorgun Ozenc , Wolfs Bert
Published: March 2021

This study examines the impact of new digital-only competitors on the Swiss banking business models and value chain. Despite various studies and articles available in the literature about the impact of new digital competitors on the banking industry, there is little research focusing on the Swiss market. The comprehensive research conducted in this study and the data collected through the survey provides a foundation to gauge the impact of the new digital competitors’ pressure on business models and value chain in the Swiss banking industry. The design of the research instrument employed for collecting the primary data has been achieved through a survey shared with 75 managers and experts working in the Swiss banking industry including Swiss banks, FinTechs, BigTechs, and other financial services and consultancy firms. One sample z-test and descriptive statistics have been applied to the survey results to gain a deeper understanding. The outcome of the analysis suggests that the competitive pressure of BigTechs and FinTechs is expected to have a significant impact on the Swiss banking industry, and mainly BigTechs are anticipated to be significantly dominant with disruptive impact.  The obtained results also strongly indicate that the cross-industry ecosystems and close partnerships with the new digital competitors are the potential key strategies to be pursued as the future Swiss banking business models. Besides, the disruptive new market entrants are anticipated to be highly likely to gain significant market share in certain market segments of the banking industry and also to create an “ecosystem” accordingly. The area of Personal and Corporate Banking is found out to be more vulnerable to digital disruption in comparison with the other banking areas.
The influence of credit on the growth of YEDF- funded group-based enterprises in Nairobi County, Kenya
Authors: Gathitu Catherine Wanjiru , Mukulu Elegwa , Kihoro John
Published: March 2021

The study aimed at assessing the influence of Access to credit as provided by Youth Enterprises Development Fund (YEDF) on the growth of entrepreneurial youth group-based enterprises and moderating effect of group dynamics on the relationship between access to credit and the growth of entrepreneurial youth group-based enterprises. A cross-sectional survey research design was adopted and it used both quantitative and qualitative data. The accessible population comprised group leaders and Youth development Officers. This study employed stratified random sampling on a population of 255 subjects and a sample size was 156 group leaders out of which 121(77%) questionnaires were returned. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21 was used to analyze data. YEDF is a government fund initiative with a nationwide presence in Kenya with Nairobi County as the smallest, most populous, has the highest uptake of the YEDF loans amounting to 2.3 billion, and has the highest loan repayment rate of 48%. The analysis of data revealed that access to credit was significant in explaining the growth of entrepreneurial youth group-based enterprises in Nairobi County. Access to credit had an R of 0.222 and contributed only 4.9% to the growth of entrepreneurial youth group-based enterprise. The study established that when group dynamics was introduced the model remained significant and R improved from 0.222 to 0.390. The study concludes that Access to credit significantly influences the growth of Entrepreneurial youth group-based enterprises in Nairobi county while group dynamics have a predictive effect but has no moderating effect.