Management of risks of agricultural enterprises of the forest-steppe area of Ukraine
Authors: Gorgo А. 
Published: July 2019

The article is devoted to increase of efficiency of business entities of the agro-industrial complex by minimizing the risks of their activities and the peculiarities of their management taking into account the specifics of the agrarian sphere. The analysis of recent researches of the risk management process of agrarian enterprises was carried out, in which the role of risk management was identified, its systematization was carried out and key factors influencing them were determined. The necessity of timely identification of the factors influencing the emergence of risks in the agrarian sector is determined, taking into account the probability of occurrence of situations leading to loss of profit or even resources, to financial dependence of the enterprise and bankruptcy. The processes of risk management of large and medium agrarian enterprises of various organizational and legal forms of ownership with agricultural lands from 3 thousand hectares are investigated. The results of a sociological survey of managers of agrarian enterprises of the Forest-steppe zone of Ukraine were presented. The results of which processing revealed that the most influential risk for agrarian enterprises is the natural and climatic conditions, production, financial risks and the lack of highly qualified specialists. The responsibility for risk management, identification of sources, bias, minimization and elimination of the consequences of risks depending on their type is determined. The influence of each risk group on the activity of agrarian enterprises is substantiated. The effect of the system of risk management of agrarian enterprises is determined, which depends on: comprehensive support of management, distribution of responsibility, raising awareness of the importance of risk management issues among all employees. The responsibilities of different ranks of the employees of agrarian enterprises regarding risk awareness have been specified. It is specified that the agrarian enterprise risk management system envisages a strategy (the direction and method of coordinating the funds to achieve the goal, which would correspond to a certain set of rules and limitations for decision-making) and tactics (concrete methods and techniques for achieving the goal in specific conditions). The research determines which risk management strategies are applied by the agro-enterprises of the forest-steppe zone of Ukraine (prevention / avoidance of risk, risk diversion, risk reduction, risk preservation / risk transfer / risk insurance, liability sharing, risk ignoring). The main tools of risk management of agrarian enterprises that are recommended for use in the framework of implementation of these strategies are offered. Prevention or avoidance of risks is the most effective way of preventing them, however, for a company that makes such a decision, it often means taking certain measures and actions aimed at preventing risk situations. Saving / accepting means leaving all or part of the risk at the company's responsibility (risk fund, self-insurance fund). The strategy of reducing the risk involves reducing the size of possible damage or lack of profit, reducing the likelihood of adverse events. The risk redistribution strategy involves risk insurance, which serves not only to provide reliable protection against unsuccessful decisions, but also increases the responsibility of decision makers. The proposed mechanism for implementation of the strategy of risk management, which provides for the establishment of an effective system for assessment and control of decisions, the allocation of a special unit (employee) in the structure of the enterprise, which will be entrusted with the organization of risk management, allocation of funds and the formation of special reserves for implementation of risk management mechanisms, coverage of losses and losses The influence of enterprise risk management strategy on the choice of management procedures for them is evaluated. It has been found that in the management of risks, the following postulates should be respected: one should not risk more than can afford own capital; It is worth to predict the effects of the risk; you can not risk much for small; a positive decision on the chosen risk management strategy is taken only in the absence of doubt; in case of doubt, it is better to make a negative decision; It should not be assumed that there is always only one solution; it is always worthwhile comparing alternatives. Effective functioning of the risk management system in an agrarian enterprise requires compliance with a number of principles that should be laid at the design stage. Minimizing the impact of risks requires effort in minimizing the range of possible risks and the degree of their impact on the activities of the enterprise. A comparative description of the existing and necessary paradigm of risk management of domestic agrarian enterprises is carried out. According to the results of the research of domestic agrarian business, it has been established that he has an orientation towards the old risk management system (not systematic), while leading European and American enterprises are continuous risk management. Risk management at agrarian enterprises should be coordinated by senior management.
Keywords: agrarian production, agrarian enterprises, assessment, risks, risk management, strategies.