bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Isolated Teres Major Rupture: A case report with a suggested dedicated imaging protocol and review of the literature
Authors: Fitzpatrick Darren , Cagle Paul , Flatow Evan
Published: April 2016

Isolated injuries to the teres major muscle occur in competitive sporting activities such as baseball pitching, hockey and tennis.  We report a similar event of a physically fit man sustaining an isolated teres major rupture while waterskiing.  Non-operative management was chosen, with pain resolution and no appreciable functional limitations at follow up.  Because teres major muscle injury was suspected at the time of imaging, we present a dedicated imaging protocol to optimize assessment for teres major injury.
Relocalisation de sources anciennes, textuelles et matérielles du XXe siècle : les « aires culturelles » de la vigne en Bourgogne en question
Authors: Grillon Guillaume , Garcia Jean-Pierre
Published: April 2016

Cette communication présente la relocalisation sous SIG des outils de la vigne pré-phylloxérique à partir du fonds d’archives d’André Lagrange, ethnologue associé au feu musée des Arts et Traditions Populaires de Paris, et conservées aux Archives Municipales de Beaune. Il sera d’abord question de méthodologie. Bien que datées du XXe siècle, ces sources sont en effet analogues aux sources anciennes dont traite l’historien du Moyen Âge ou de l’époque moderne, compte-tenu de leur incomplétude, de la disparition aussi bien des vignerons témoins des pratiques ou utilisateurs directs de ces outils que celle de l’ethnologue qui a constitué ce fonds de recherche. Avec cette relocalisation des informations de terrain recueillies, sont discutées : l’échelle de représentation de cette répartition les outils de la vigne pré-phylloxérique ; les « aires culturelles » déduites des cartes construites initialement par A. Lagrange avec leurs interprétations techniques, sociales ou naturalistes ; la pertinence de ces aires comme outil de réflexions culturelles et historiques en ethnologie, en archéologie, et en linguistique.
Géolocalisation des sources fiscales pré-révolutionnaires : la quadrature du cercle
Authors: Hautefeuille Florent
Published: April 2016

La multiplication des sources fiscales à partir de la fin du Moyen Age rend envisageable la spatialisation de données qui, pour les périodes antérieures étaient difficiles à croiser avec les sources archéologiques faute d’outils de localisation. Cette article reprend les résultats de deux programmes financés par l’ANR puis le RNMSH. L’objectif était de proposer des outils permettant l’inventaire et la geolocalisation de différentes sources allant des plans terrier et cadastres pré révolutionnaires (projet Architerre), à des sources dénuées de plans comme les terriers ou les compoix méridionaux (projet Modelespace). Le premier projet est avant tout un site WEB qui fait converger de l’information issue de différents services de conservation et de proposer une interface de recherche avec une entrée spatiale. L’outil permet évidemment de décloisonner les fonds et de rendre accessible des sources globalement peu utilisées. Le second volet est le fruit d’une collaboration entre des équipes d’historiens d’archéologues et de mathématiciens. Il avait pour objectif de proposer une méthode permettant de comparer les dynamiques de peuplement à partir de la modélisation des sources fiscales sous la forme de graphe d’adjacence. Est présentée ici la méthode permettant de basculer l’information d’un compoix ou terrier dépourvu de plan vers un graphe géolocalisé.
Les graphes pour étudier les dynamiques spatiales à partir des séries fiscales médiévales et modernes. Etat des lieux de l’expérience Modelespace
Authors: Leturcq Samuel , Raveaux Romain
Published: April 2016

De 2010 à 2012, le programme ANR Modelespace a initié une recherche pour mettre au point une méthodologie d'analyse des dynamiques spatiales en partant de la comparaison des jeux de données spatialisées issues des sources fiscales des périodes médiévales et modernes (terriers, compoix, cadastres...) par le biais de la théorie des graphes. Il s'agit de présenter les avancées significatives de la méthodologie, et de définir les pistes envisagées pour établir la méthode de comparaison des graphes.
Des structures inconciliables ? Cartographie comparée des chartes et des édifices « romans » (Xe –XIIIe siècles)
Authors: Perreaux Nicolas
Published: April 2016

Les documents diplomatiques et les édifices dits « romans » sont réputés pour avoir subis des sélections multiples, allant de la destruction complète à la recomposition complexe. Cet article emploie la cartographie numérique, la géolocalisation et la fouille de données afin de comparer ces deux structures, à l’échelle européenne. Deux corpus sont ainsi employés, l’un comprenant 520 000 chartes (pour les VIIe-XIVe siècles), l’autre 8 600 édifices dits « romans » (collection La nuit des temps de Zodiaque). En faisant varier les échelles d’observation, de l’actuelle Bourgogne à l’Europe entière, le texte montre une étroite corrélation entre les deux structures : l’existence d’un nombre important d’actes pour les Xe-XIe siècles (voire XII siècle) permet de prédire de manière assez fiable la présence d’un grand nombre d’édifices romans. Dans la conclusion, en rapprochant ces distributions chrono-géographiques d’autres données (fondations cisterciennes, déambulations), on montre que ces corrélations documentaires pourraient être nombreuses, invalidant les thèses maximalistes en matière de destructions sélectives.
Du point à l'espace (rural) : localisation de mentions textuelles et mise à l'épreuve de normes socio-spatiales
Authors: Poirier Nicolas
Published: April 2016

Dans la démarche d'analyse des dynamiques spatiales qui affectent son terrain d'étude (habitat, territoires, réseaux viaires et parcellaires, occupation du sol), l'historien/archéologue ruraliste est amené à traiter une matière informative issue des sources écrites médiévales et modernes dont la précision de localisation détermine la fidélité des restitutions paysagères et les possibilités de croisement avec d'autres sources d'information (planimétriques ou archéologiques). Bien souvent, on est contraint d'inférer une emprise surfacique à partir d'un point d'information ponctuel (toponymique). D'autre part, on peut être amené à tester la validité de modèles de fonctionnement des sociétés décrits par les sources comme étant spatiaux par nature. C'est le cas des normes édictées en matière d'emprise des territoires paroissiaux par rapport à l'empreinte sonore de leurs cloches ou encore la délimitation des territoires de vaine pâture conditionnée par la visibilité des clochers. Les outils d'analyse spatiale peuvent alors être utilisés pour confronter norme et pratique.
Géolocaliser des cartes anciennes : procédure
Authors: Audelan Claire , Humbert Marion , Lescuyer Clémence , Motte Constance de Vergnette de la , Guerreau sous la direction d’Alain
Published: April 2016

Cette expérience s'est déroulée en octobre 2013 dans le cadre d'un stage de quatre semaines de quatre étudiantes de l'École des Chartes dans un fonds privé d'archives (les archives du château de Montjeu, à côté d'Autun). L'objectif était de rassembler la documentation toponymique disponible pour une commune (celle de Broye) et de l'insérer de manière structurée, par « couches », dans une base de données spatiales (système d'information géographique libre, QGIS), de manière à pouvoir faire ressortir les types d'information originaux que peut permettre d'obtenir une telle structuration. On évoquera d'abord les opérations effectuées et les difficultés rencontrées ; puis on présentera les pistes d'analyse brièvement parcourues ; enfin, tenant compte du potentiel nouveau et des difficultés signalées, on suggérera les directions dans lesquelles il paraît le plus utile et le plus urgent de porter les efforts futurs.
Intracellular RIG-I Signaling Regulates TLR4-Independent Endothelial Inflammatory Responses to Endotoxin
Authors: Moser Jill , Heeringa Peter , Jongman Rianne M. , Zwiers Peter J. , Niemarkt Anita E. , Yan Rui , de Graaf Inge A. , Li Ranran , Ravasz Regan Erzsébet , Kümpers Philipp , Aird William C. , van Nieuw Amerongen Geerten P. , Zijlstra Jan G. , Molema Grietje , van Meurs Matijs
Published: April 2016

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response to infections associated with organ failure that is the most frequent cause of death in hospitalized patients. Exaggerated endothelial activation, altered blood flow, vascular leakage, and other disturbances synergistically contribute to sepsis-induced organ failure. The underlying signaling events associated with endothelial proinflammatory activation are not well understood, yet they likely consist of molecular pathways that act in an endothelium-specific manner. We found that LPS, a critical factor in the pathogenesis of sepsis, is internalized by endothelial cells, leading to intracellular signaling without the need for priming as found recently in immune cells. By identifying a novel role for retinoic acid–inducible gene-I (RIG-I) as a central regulator of endothelial activation functioning independent of TLR4, we provide evidence that the current paradigm of TLR4 solely being responsible for LPS-mediated endothelial responses is incomplete. RIG-I, as well as the adaptor protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein, regulates NF-κB–mediated induction of adhesion molecules and proinflammatory cytokine expression in response to LPS. Our findings provide essential new insights into the proinflammatory signaling pathways in endothelial cells and suggest that combined endothelial-specific inhibition of RIG-I and TLR4 will provide protection from aberrant endothelial responses associated with sepsis.
Dual Function of Ccr5 during Langat Virus Encephalitis: Reduction in Neutrophil-Mediated Central Nervous System Inflammation and Increase in T Cell–Mediated Viral Clearance
Authors: Michlmayr Daniela , Bardina Susana V. , Rodriguez Carlos A. , Pletnev Alexander G. , Lim Jean K.
Published: April 2016

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) is a vector-transmitted flavivirus that causes potentially fatal neurologic infection. There are thousands of cases reported annually, and despite the availability of an effective vaccine, the incidence of TBEV is increasing worldwide. Importantly, up to 30% of affected individuals develop long-term neurologic sequelae. We investigated the role of chemokine receptor Ccr5 in a mouse model of TBEV infection using the naturally attenuated tick-borne flavivirus Langat virus (LGTV). Ccr5-deficient mice presented with an increase in viral replication within the CNS and decreased survival during LGTV encephalitis compared with wild-type controls. This enhanced susceptibility was due to the temporal lag in lymphocyte migration into the CNS. Adoptive transfer of wild-type T cells, but not Ccr5-deficient T cells, significantly improved survival outcome in LGTV-infected Ccr5-deficient mice. Concomitantly, a significant increase in neutrophil migration into the CNS in LGTV-infected Ccr5−/− mice was documented at the late stage of infection. Ab-mediated depletion of neutrophils in Ccr5−/− mice resulted in a significant improvement in mortality, a decrease in viral load, and a decrease in overall tissue damage in the CNS compared with isotype control–treated mice. Ccr5 is crucial in directing T cells toward the LGTV-infected brain, as well as in suppressing neutrophil-mediated inflammation within the CNS.
Highly Dynamic Transcriptional Signature of Distinct Macrophage Subsets during Sterile Inflammation, Resolution, and Tissue Repair
Authors: Varga Tamas , Mounier Rémi , Horvath Attila , Cuvellier Sylvain , Dumont Florent , Poliska Szilard , Ardjoune Hamida , Juban Gaëtan , Nagy Laszlo , Chazaud Bénédicte
Published: April 2016

Macrophage gene expression determines phagocyte responses and effector functions. Macrophage plasticity has been mainly addressed in in vitro models that do not account for the environmental complexity observed in vivo. In this study, we show that microarray gene expression profiling revealed a highly dynamic landscape of transcriptomic changes of Ly6CposCX3CR1lo and Ly6CnegCX3CR1hi macrophage populations during skeletal muscle regeneration after a sterile damage. Systematic gene expression analysis revealed that the time elapsed, much more than Ly6C status, was correlated with the largest differential gene expression, indicating that the time course of inflammation was the predominant driving force of macrophage gene expression. Moreover, Ly6Cpos/Ly6Cneg subsets could not have been aligned to canonical M1/M2 profiles. Instead, a combination of analyses suggested the existence of four main features of muscle-derived macrophages specifying important steps of regeneration: 1) infiltrating Ly6Cpos macrophages expressed acute-phase proteins and exhibited an inflammatory profile independent of IFN-γ, making them damage-associated macrophages; 2) metabolic changes of macrophages, characterized by a decreased glycolysis and an increased tricarboxylic acid cycle/oxidative pathway, preceded the switch to and sustained their anti-inflammatory profile; 3) Ly6Cneg macrophages, originating from skewed Ly6Cpos cells, actively proliferated; and 4) later on, restorative Ly6Cneg macrophages were characterized by a novel profile, indicative of secretion of molecules involved in intercellular communications, notably matrix-related molecules. These results show the highly dynamic nature of the macrophage response at the molecular level after an acute tissue injury and subsequent repair, and associate a specific signature of macrophages to predictive specialized functions of macrophages at each step of tissue injury/repair.
Thymic Mesenchymal Cells Have a Distinct Transcriptomic Profile
Authors: Patenaude Julien , Perreault Claude
Published: April 2016

In order to understand the role of mesenchymal cells (MCs) in the adult thymus, we performed whole transcriptome analyses of primary thymic, bone, and skin MCs. These three MC populations shared expression of 2850 core MC genes involved in generic processes including interactions with tissue-resident macrophages. Moreover, we discovered that 2036 genes were differentially expressed, by at least 5-fold, in the three MC populations. Genes preferentially expressed in thymic MCs are instrumental in clearance of apoptotic thymocytes by macrophages, maintenance of a noninflammatory milieu, and attraction-expansion of thymocyte progenitors. Thymic and bone MCs share other sets of differentially expressed genes implicated in resolution of inflammation and expansion of hematolymphoid progenitors. Consistent with the fact that thymic and skin MCs have to support epithelial cells, they express at higher levels genes mediating epithelial cell adhesion to basement membrane and mesenchymal–epithelial cross-talk. Differentially expressed genes preferentially expressed by bone MCs are connected to formation and remodeling of bone, whereas those preferentially expressed in skin MCs are involved in skin and hair follicle homeostasis. We conclude that MCs from different organs display substantial heterogeneity and that the transcriptome of thymic MCs is exquisitely suited for interactions with epithelial and hematolymphoid cells in an environment with a high apoptosis rate.
Dynamische Systeme
Authors: Eliasson Håkan , Hofer Helmut W. , Yoccoz Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2016

This workshop continued the biannual series at Oberwolfach on Dynamical Systems that started as the “Moser-Zehnder meeting” in 1981. The main themes of the workshop are the new results and developments in the area of dynamical systems, in particular in Hamiltonian systems and symplectic geometry related to Hamiltonian dynamics.
Partial Differential Equations
Authors: Chang Sun-Yung Alice , De Lellis Camillo , Topping Peter
Published: April 2016

The workshop dealt with nonlinear partial differential equations and some applications in geometry, touching several different topics such as minimal surfaces and harmonic maps, equations in conformal geometry, geometric flows, extremal eigenvalue problems and optimal transport.
Mathematical Aspects of Hydrodynamics
Authors: Constantin Peter , Friedlander Susan , Seregin Gregory A. , Titi Edriss S.
Published: April 2016

The workshop dealt with the partial differential equations that describe fluid motion, namely the Euler equations and the Navier-Stokes equations. This included topics in both inviscid and viscous fluids in two and three dimensions. A number of the talks were connected with issues of turbulence. Some talks addressed aspects of fluid dynamics such as magnetohydrodynamics, quantum and high energy physics, liquid crystals and the particle limit governed by the Boltzmann equations.
Scaling Limits in Models of Statistical Mechanics
Authors: Ioffe Dmitry , Kozma Gady , Toninelli Fabio L.
Published: April 2016

The emphasis of the workshop was on the deep relations between, on the one hand, recent advances in probabilistic investigation of statistical mechanical models and spatial stochastic processes and, on the other hand, rigorous field-theoretic and analytic methods of mathematical physics. There were 52 participants, including 6 postdocs and graduate students, working in diverse intertwining areas of probability, statistical mechanics and field theory. Specific topics addressed during the 24 talks include: Universality and critical phenomena, disordered models, Gaussian free field (GFF), stochastic representation of classical and quantum-mechanical models and related random interchange and permutation processes, random planar graphs and unimodular planar maps, random walks on critical graphs and the Alexander-Orbach conjecture, reinforced random walks and non-linear -models, metastability, aging, equilibrium and dynamics for continuum particles with hard core interactions, non-equilibrium dynamics and Toom’s interfaces.
Расслоение пространства периодических краевых задач на гиперповерхности постоянной длины $n$-й спектральной лакуны
Authors: Dymarskii Yakov Mikhailovich , Evtushenko Yulia Aleksandrovna
Published: April 2016

Рассмотрено пространство одномерных стационарных уравнений Шрeдингера с вещественными периодическими потенциалами при периодических краевых условиях. Дано аналитическое и топологическое описание расслоения этого пространства на гиперповерхности, которые определяются условием постоянства длины $n$-й спектральной лакуны. Случай вырождения лакуны в точку приводит к оператору Шварца и многообразию Арнольда. Для невырожденного случая вычислен индекс зацепления петли сдвигов аргумента потенциала с многообразием Арнольда.
Библиография: 12 названий.
Меры корреляций в бесконечномерных квантовых системах
Authors: Shirokov Maksim Evgenievich
Published: April 2016

Многие важные меры корреляций состояния конечномерной составной квантовой системы определяются как линейные комбинации маргинальных энтропий этого состояния. Статья посвящена бесконечномерным обобщениям таких величин и исследованию их свойств.
Введено понятие достоверного расширения линейной комбинации маргинальных энтропий и рассмотрено несколько конкретных примеров, простейшими из которых являются квантовая взаимная информация и квантовая условная энтропия. Показано, что квантовая условная взаимная информация может быть однозначно определена как полунепрерывная снизу функция на множестве всех состояний трехчастичной бесконечномерной системы, обладающая всеми основными свойствами этой характеристики в конечномерном случае.
Рассмотрены бесконечномерные обобщения некоторых других мер корреляций в многочастичных квантовых системах. Рассмотрены приложения результатов в теории бесконечномерных квантовых каналов и их пропускных способностей. Также доказано существование восстанавливающего канала Фоузи-Реннера, точно воспроизводящего маргинальные состояния, для всех трехчастичных состояний (включая состояния с бесконечными маргинальными энтропиями).
Библиография: 47 названий.
Hygroscopicity of aerosol particles and CCN activity of nearly hydrophobic particles in the urban atmosphere over Japan during summer
Authors: Ogawa Shuhei , Setoguchi Yoshitaka , Kawana Kaori , Nakayama Tomoki , Ikeda Yuka , Sawada Yuuki , Matsumi Yutaka , Mochida Michihiro
Published: April 2016

We investigated the hygroscopicity of 150 nm particles and the number‐size distributions and the cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) activity of nearly hydrophobic particles in aerosols over Nagoya, Japan, during summer. We analyzed the correlations between the number concentrations of particles in specific hygroscopic growth factor (g) ranges and the mass concentrations of chemical components. This analysis suggests the association of nearly hydrophobic particles with hydrocarbon‐like organic aerosol, elemental carbon and semivolatile oxygenated organic aerosol (SV‐OOA), that of less hygroscopic particles with SV‐OOA and nitrate and that of more hygroscopic particles with low‐volatile oxygenated organic aerosol (LV‐OOA) and sulfate. The hygroscopicity parameter (κ) of organics was derived based on the g distributions and chemical composition of 150 nm particles. The κ of the organics correlated positively with the fraction of the total organic mass spectral signal at m/z 44 and the volume fraction of the LV‐OOA to the organics, indicating that organics with highly oxygenated structures including carboxylic acid groups contribute to the water uptake. The number‐size distributions of the nearly hydrophobic particles with g around 1.0 and 1.1 correlated with the mass concentrations of chemical components. The results show that the chemical composition of the particles with g around 1.0 was different between the Aitken mode and the accumulation mode size ranges. An analysis for a parameter Fmax of the curves fitted to the CCN efficiency spectra of the particles with g around 1.0 suggests that the coating by organics associated with SV‐OOA elevated the CCN activity of these particles.
Is climate sensitivity related to dynamical sensitivity?
Authors: Grise Kevin M. , Polvani Lorenzo M.
Published: April 2016

The atmospheric response to increasing CO2 concentrations is often described in terms of the equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). Yet the response to CO2 forcing in global climate models is not limited to an increase in global‐mean surface temperature: for example, the midlatitude jets shift poleward, the Hadley circulation expands, and the subtropical dry zones are altered. These changes, which are referred to here as “dynamical sensitivity,” may be more important in practice than the global‐mean surface temperature. This study examines to what degree the intermodel spread in the dynamical sensitivity of 23 Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5) models is captured by ECS. In the Southern Hemisphere, intermodel differences in the value of ECS explain ~60% of the intermodel variance in the annual‐mean Hadley cell expansion but just ~20% of the variance in the annual‐mean midlatitude jet response. In the Northern Hemisphere, models with larger values of ECS significantly expand the Hadley circulation more during winter months but contract the Hadley circulation more during summer months. Intermodel differences in ECS provide little significant information about the behavior of the Northern Hemisphere subtropical dry zones or midlatitude jets. The components of dynamical sensitivity correlated with ECS appear to be driven largely by increasing sea surface temperatures, whereas the components of dynamical sensitivity independent of ECS are related in part to changes in surface temperature gradients. These results suggest that efforts to narrow the spread in dynamical sensitivity across global climate models must also consider factors that are independent of global‐mean surface temperature.
Lead in the western South China Sea: Evidence of atmospheric deposition and upwelling
Authors: Chen Mengli , Goodkin Nathalie F. , Boyle Edward A. , Switzer Adam D. , Bolton Annette
Published: April 2016

In recent decades, rapid industrial developments have increased lead (Pb) inputs to the South China Sea. To quantify the increasing variability, we investigated 170 years of skeletal Pb and Pb isotopes from an offshore, central Vietnamese coral. The Pb/Ca in the coral was 10–16 nmol/mol before the mid‐1950s and increased to more than 30 nmol/mol by 2000. While the regional phaseout of leaded petrol commenced in 2000, coral Pb/Ca continued increasing until 2004, possibly due to regional upwelling and the transport of previously emitted Pb from tropical Pacific waters. The 206Pb/207Pb ratio in the coral was 1.191–1.195 before mid‐1950s, suggesting natural sources. Since then, the ratio decreased, reaching ~1.165 in 2004. Lead isotopes show high linearity between natural and Chinese emitted Pb, with the latter contributing ~40%~60% of the skeletal Pb after 2000.
Lightweight Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Energy Harvesting and Sensing Tiny Mechanical Motion
Authors: Li Tao , Xu Ying , Willander Magnus , Xing Fei , Cao Xia , Wang Ning , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: April 2016

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have shown exciting applications in mechanical energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. Aiming at commercial applications, cost reduction and simplification of TENG structures are of great interest. In this work, a lightweight TENG based on the integration of polymer nanowires and a carbon sponge, which serves both as the substrate and an electrode, are reported. Because of the low density of the carbon sponge and the filmy nanowires, the device exhibits a total mass of less than 0.1 g for a volume of 12.5 cm3 and it produces a short‐circuit current of 6 μA, open‐circuit voltage of 75 V, and a maximum output power of 0.28 W kg−1 under light finger tapping. The device can linearly measure the acceleration at a detection limit down to 0.25 m s−2 and for a detection range from 0.25 m s−2 to 10.0 m s−2.
Postsynthetische Entkopplung oberflächensynthetisierter kovalenter Nanostrukturen von Ag(111)
Authors: Rastgoo‐Lahrood Atena , Björk Jonas , Lischka Matthias , Eichhorn Johanna , Kloft Stephan , Fritton Massimo , Strunskus Thomas , Samanta Debabrata , Schmittel Michael , Heckl Wolfgang M. , Lackinger Markus
Published: April 2016

Die Oberflächensynthese von organischen Nanoschichten mithilfe reaktiver Metalloberflächen führt zu stark adsorbierten organischen Nanostrukturen, deren intrinsische Eigenschaften jedoch durch die starke Bindung zur Oberfläche verdeckt werden. Daher ist die Reduzierung der elektronischen Kopplung zwischen den organischen Netzwerken und den üblicherweise verwendeten Metalloberflächen ein erster wichtiger Schritt zur Charakterisierung der wahren Eigenschaften. Wir zeigen, dass postsynthetische Iodexposition zur Interkalation einer Iodmonolage zwischen kovalenten Polyphenylen‐Netzwerken und Ag(111)‐Oberflächen führt. Die experimentell beobachteten Veränderungen zwischen oberflächengebundenen und abgelösten Nanolagen werden anhand von DFT‐Simulationen nachvollzogen. Die erzielten Erkenntnisse zeigen, dass Iodinterkalation zu einem Material führt, dessen geometrische und elektronische Eigenschaften denen freistehender Netzwerke sehr ähnlich sind.
Base–Metal‐Catalyzed Regiodivergent Alkene Hydrosilylations
Authors: Du Xiaoyong , Zhang Yanlu , Peng Dongjie , Huang Zheng
Published: April 2016

A complementary set of base metal catalysts has been developed for regiodivergent alkene hydrosilylations: iron complexes of phosphine‐iminopyridine are selective for anti‐Markovnikov hydrosilylations (linear/branched up to >99:1), while the cobalt complexes bearing the same type of ligands provide an unprecedented high level of Markovnikov selectivity (branched/linear up to >99:1). Both systems exhibit high efficiency and wide functional group tolerance.
Unusual Metal–Metal Bonding in a Dinuclear Pt–Au Complex: Snapshot of a Transmetalation Process
Authors: Baya Miguel , Belío Úrsula , Fernández Israel , Fuertes Sara , Martín Antonio
Published: April 2016

The dinuclear Pt–Au complex [(CNC)(PPh3)Pt Au(PPh3)](ClO4) (2) (CNC=2,6‐diphenylpyridinate) was prepared. Its crystal structure shows a rare metal–metal bonding situation, with very short Pt–Au and Au–Cipso(CNC) distances and dissimilar Pt–Cipso(CNC) bonds. Multinuclear NMR spectra of 2 show the persistence of the Pt–Au bond in solution and the occurrence of unusual fluxional behavior involving the [PtII] and [AuI] metal fragments. The [PtII]⋅⋅⋅ [AuI] interaction has been thoroughly studied by means of DFT calculations. The observed bonding situation in 2 can be regarded as a model for an intermediate in a transmetalation process.
A dual step transfer model: Sport and non‐sport extracurricular activities and the enhancement of academic achievement
Authors: Bradley John L. , Conway Paul F.
Published: April 2016

This paper explores the influence that school sport and non‐sport extracurricular activities (ssEC and nsEC) can have on academic achievement. A central thesis of this paper is that, despite the literature on the perceived and presumed benefits of school sport and of non‐sport activities, theorising a model of the process by which the benefit is attained, which we conceptualise as a case of transfer, has been neglected. Cognisant of the long‐standing literature on transfer and the recent resurgence in transfer research, we present a dual step transfer hypothesis by which ssEC and nsEC activities confer academic achievement benefits. Key to this dual step transfer hypothesis is the influence these activities have on non‐cognitive skills, whereby the activity promotes non‐cognitive skills (i.e., motivational‐social skills), which in turn promote learning and academic achievement. We present an overview of transfer from the early discussions framing transfer to either mental muscle or identical elements mechanisms, to more recent discussions and new perspectives on what counts as transfer. To this discussion we compare research linking academic achievement to school physical education, school sport and school non‐sport activities. We place particular emphasis on extracurricular activities and the potential influence they can have on non‐cognitive characteristics. In making our argument we weigh up the relative support for dual step transfer within extant literature on both areas, and in doing so return to take a position on the long‐standing and divergent framing of transfer in terms of either mental muscle or identical elements mechanisms.
Elastin‐like polypeptides: A strategic fusion partner for biologics
Authors: Yeboah Agnes , Cohen Rick I. , Rabolli Charles , Yarmush Martin L. , Berthiaume Francois
Published: April 2016

Elastin‐like peptides (ELPs) are derivatives of tropoelastin with a unique property that allows them to stay soluble below a certain critical temperature but reversibly form aggregates above that temperature. Since they are derived from tropoelastin, ELPs are biocompatible, non‐toxic, and non‐immunogenic. The unique properties of ELPs have made them a desirable class of fusion tags used in several biomedical applications including targeted drug delivery and enhancing the half‐life of protein drugs. The most significant property of an ELP is that when fused to other proteins, the phase transition property of the ELP is maintained, and the target protein can be purified using the thermally driven property of the ELP. The ELP tag purification process is simple and inexpensive, and involves cycling the protein above and below the transition temperature of the ELP fusion followed by centrifugation to obtain the desired protein, without any need for chromatography. Consequently, using ELPs as a purification tag should be potentially interesting to biopharmaceutical companies who spend a significant percentage of their manufacturing costs on expensive protein purification techniques such as chromatography and filtration. However, ELP tags have not yet been used for commercial protein purification due to some challenges of translating this technique, which has been demonstrated mostly in academic laboratories, to a biotechnology manufacturing environment. The article first reviews the state‐of‐the‐art in protein “ELPylation,” and discusses some applications which have benefitted from using ELP as a fusion tag. Then, the article discusses the main advantages of using ELP as a purification tag, and evaluates the remaining hurdles for its implementation in industrial protein production. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2016;113: 1617–1627. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cell culture media impact on drug product solution stability
Authors: Purdie Jennifer L. , Kowle Ronald L. , Langland Amie L. , Patel Chetan N. , Ouyang Anli , Olson Donald J.
Published: April 2016

To enable subcutaneous administration of monoclonal antibodies, drug product solutions are often needed at high concentrations. A significant risk associated with high drug product concentrations is an increase in aggregate level over the shelf‐life dating period. While much work has been done to understand the impact of drug product formulation on aggregation, there is limited understanding of the link between cell culture process conditions and soluble aggregate growth in drug product. During cell culture process development, soluble aggregates are often measured at harvest using cell‐free material purified by Protein A chromatography. In the work reported here, cell culture media components were evaluated with respect to their impact on aggregate levels in high concentration solution drug product during accelerated stability studies. Two components, cysteine and ferric ammonium citrate, were found to impact aggregate growth rates in our current media (version 1) leading to the development of new chemically defined media and concentrated feed formulations. The new version of media and associated concentrated feeds (version 2) were evaluated across four cell lines producing recombinant IgG4 monoclonal antibodies and a bispecific antibody. In all four cell lines, the version 2 media reduced aggregate growth over the course of a 12 week accelerated stability study compared with the version 1 media, although the degree to which aggregate growth decreased was cell line dependent. © 2016 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Biotechnol. Prog., 32:998–1008, 2016
So hard to say goodbye? An investigation into the symbolic aspects of unintended disposition practices
Authors: Suarez Maribel , Dias Campos Roberta , Moreira Casotti Leticia , Velloso Luciana
Published: April 2016

Even though disposition is present in the consumer behavior research agenda, most of the studies focus mainly on intentional movements of products leaving the home. The present article describes a less conscious and co‐incidental journey of products into a liminal zone between use and disposal inside homes. A qualitative field study, based on the itinerary method, was undertaken with a group of 26 affluent women in Brazil. The findings show that consumers maintain purgatories – “forgotten” repositories of products no longer in use – as an in‐home disposition practice. The aspects and functioning of purgatory are also detailed, through a typology of purgatories and a discussion of specific strategies to deal with cluttering as a consequence of product accumulation inside homes. Finally, purgatories emerge as a contemporary consumer solution to deal not with individual products but with product collectivities' disposition. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Boosting Hydrogen Production from Methanol and Water by in situ Activation of Bimetallic Cu−Zr Species
Authors: Mayr Lukas , Klötzer Bernhard , Schmidmair Daniela , Köpfle Norbert , Bernardi Johannes , Schwarz Sabine , Armbrüster Marc , Penner Simon
Published: April 2016

A bimetallic Cu/Cu51Zr14 precatalyst, activated in situ, for hydrogen generation from methanol and water provides very high CO2 selectivity (>99.9 %) and high H2 yields. Referenced to the geometric surface area of our model surface, higher activity of at least one order of magnitude was observed in comparison to supported Cu/ZrO2 and Cu/ZnO/ZrO2 catalysts. Evolution of structural activation monitored by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and electron microscopy indicates transformation of the bimetallic Cu/Cu51Zr14 precatalyst into an active, selective, and self‐stabilizing state with coexistence of dispersed Cu and partially hydroxylated tetragonal ZrO2. The outstanding performance is assigned to the presence of a high interface‐site concentration following in situ decomposition of the intermetallic compound. These active sites result from the cooperation of Cu, responsible for methanol activation, and tetragonal ZrO2, which activates the water by surface hydroxylation.
Peroxyl Radical Reactions in Water Solution: A Gym for Proton‐Coupled Electron‐Transfer Theories
Authors: Amorati Riccardo , Baschieri Andrea , Morroni Gloria , Gambino Rossana , Valgimigli Luca
Published: April 2016

The reactions of alkylperoxyl radicals with phenols have remained difficult to investigate in water. We describe herein a simple and reliable method based on the inhibited autoxidation of water/THF mixtures, which we calibrated against pulse radiolysis. With this method we measured the rate constants kinh for the reactions of 2‐tetrahydrofuranylperoxyl radicals with reference compounds: urate, ascorbate, ferrocenes, 2,2,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐6‐chromanol, Trolox, 6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethylchroman‐2‐acetic acid, 2,6‐di‐tert‐butyl‐4‐methoxyphenol, 4‐methoxyphenol, catechol and 3,5‐di‐tert‐butylcatechol. The role of pH was investigated: the value of kinh for Trolox and 4‐methoxyphenol increased 11‐ and 50‐fold from pH 2.1 to 12, respectively, which indicate the occurrence of a SPLET‐like mechanism. H(D) kinetic isotope effects combined with pH and solvent effects suggest that different types of proton‐coupled electron transfer (PCET) mechanisms are involved in water: less electron‐rich phenols react at low pH by concerted electron‐proton transfer (EPT) to the peroxyl radical, whereas more electron‐rich phenols and phenoxide anions react by multi‐site EPT in which water acts as proton relay.
Siloxymethylamines as Aminomethylation Reagents for Amines Leading to Labile Diaminomethanes That can be Trapped as Their [Mo(CO)4] Complexes
Authors: Sharma Hemant K. , Gonzalez Paulina E. , Craig Alexander L. , Chakrabarty Sanchita , Metta‐Magaña Alejandro , Pannell Keith H.
Published: April 2016

Compound Et3SiOCH2NMe2 transfers Me2NCH2 to R2NH (R2=Et2, PhMe, [Cr(η6‐C6H5)(CO)3]Me, PhH) to form previously unknown diaminomethanes, Me2NCH2NR2 and, in the case of R2=PhH, the triamine Me2NCH2N(Ph)CH2NMe2. The diaminomethanes exhibit an unreported disproportionation to a mixture of (R2N)2CH2, (Me2N)2CH2, and Me2NCH2NR2, which can be trapped as their [Mo(CO)4(diamine)] complexes. Whereas PhMeNCH2NMe2 is a labile material, the metal‐substituted ([(η6‐C6H5)Cr(CO)3]MeNCH2NMe2 is a stable material. The triamine Me2NCH2N(Ph)CH2NMe2 is unstable with respect to transformation to 1,3,5‐triphenyltriazine, but is readily trapped as the bidentate‐triamineMo(CO)4. All metal complexes were characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction.
ChemInform Abstract: THE INFLUENCE OF SURFACE STRUCTURE ON THE PHOTOELECTROCHEMISTRY OF POLYCRYSTALLINE N‐TITANIUM DIOXIDE FILMS
Authors: LICHTSCHEIDL J. , HARTIG K. J. , GETOFF N. , TAUSCHNITZ CH. , NAUER G. , BOLTZMANN L.
Published: April 2016

Der Zusammenhang zwischen der Oberflächenstruktur, der Filmdicke und dem photoelektrochemischen Verhalten (Photostrom, Korrosion, Stabilität) von durch kontrollierte thermische ‐Oxidation von Ti‐Folien hergestellten n‐TiO, ‐Filmen wird sorgfältig untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLEX FORMATION IN MOLTEN SALTS. ASSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF CADMIUM‐BROMIDE COMPLEXES IN POTASSIUM NITRATE‐BARIUM NITRATE EUTECTIC AS SOLVENT
Authors: GUPTA R. K. , GAUR H. C.
Published: April 2016

Anhand von potentiometrischen Messungen mit Ag/AgBr(s) und Pd‐PdO‐CdO als Indikatorelektroden im Temp.‐Bereich 568.2‐628.2 K erhält man die thermodynamischen Assoziationskonstanten K11 und K12 für die Bildung von CdBr+ und CdBr2 in verdünnten Lösungen von Cd2+ und Br‐ in KNO3‐Ba(NO3)2‐Schmelze (87.6:12.4 mol‐%).
ChemInform Abstract: THE INITIAL SINTERING OF ALKALINE EARTH OXIDES IN WATER VAPOR AND HYDROGEN GAS
Authors: ITO T. , FUJITA M. , WATANABE M. , TOKUDA T.
Published: April 2016

Die Sintergeschwindigkeit für MgO ist in H,O‐Dampf bei 1073 Kdirekt proportional dem H2O‐Druck (27‐2700 Pa) und die scheinbare Aktivierungsenergie des Sintervorganges beträgt 137 kJ mol‐1 (Messungen der Oberflächenverkleinerung und des Kristallit‐ Wachstums).
ChemInform Abstract: SOLAR REDUCTION OF WATER. I. COMPETITION BETWEEN LIGHT‐INDUCED HYDROGEN FORMATION AND HYDROGENATION OF METHYLVIOLOGEN IN THE SYSTEM WATER/TRIS(2,2′‐BIPYRIDINE)RUTHENIUM DICATION/ETHYLENEDIAMINETETRAACETIC ACID/PLATINUM
Authors: JOHANSEN O. , LAUNIKONIS A. , LODER J. W. , MAU A. W.‐H. , SASSE W. H. F. , SWIFT J. D. , WELLS D.
Published: April 2016

Die H2‐Produktion im Titelsystem ist von der Hydrierung des MV" zum 1‐Methyl‐4‐ (1′‐methylpiperidin‐4′‐yl)pyridinium‐Kation (I) begleitet und wird durch Faktoren, die diese Hydrierung begünstigen, vermindert.
ChemInform Abstract: SPECTROSCOPIC STUDIES OF LANTHANIDE ION BINDING TO MULTIDENTATE LIGANDS IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. 3. OPTICALLY ACTIVE TB(EHPG)(L)N AND TB(DPA)M(L)N COMPLEXES
Authors: DAS GUPTA A. , RICHARDSON F. S.
Published: April 2016

Mittels circularpolarisierter Lumineszenzspektroskopie wird die durch chirale Liganden L in den Gernischtligand‐Titelkomplexen erzeugte optische Aktivität untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: POLAROGRAPHIC STUDIES ON SYMMETRICAL TRIAZACARBOCYANINES IN ACETONITRILE
Authors: HELLRUNG B.
Published: April 2016

Die Reduktionshalbstufenpotentiale des ersten Reduktionsschrittes an symmetrischen Triazacarbocyaninen zeigen eine gute Korrelation mit den Substituentenkonstanten op von (Ib) , aber nicht für die LUMO‐Energien von (I)‐(III).
ChemInform Abstract: INFLUENCE OF THE WATER CONTENT OF THE SOLVENT ON THE PRODUCT DISTRIBUTION IN THE ELECTROHYDRODIMERIZATION OF 2‐CYCLOHEXENONES
Authors: TISSOT P. , SURBECK J.‐P. , GUELACAR F. O. + , MARGARETHA P.
Published: April 2016

Durch die Titelreaktion in CH3CN entsteht ein Gemisch der Produkte (II)‐(IV), dessen Gehalt an Glykol (IV) im Bereich von 0‐5% H2O mit steigendem Wassergehalt auf Kosten der Diketone (II) und der Hydroxyketone (III) zunimmt, wobei die dimeren Ketone (IIb) und (IIc) vollständig aus dem Produktgemisch verdrängt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: HYDROCARBON CONVERSION ACTIVITY OF ACID‐GRAPHITE INTERCALATION COMPOUNDS
Authors: IMAMURA H. , TSUCHIYA S.
Published: April 2016

Die n‐Pentan Skelettisomerisierung an Katalysatoren aus den in Graphit eingelagerten Lewis‐Säuren‐(AlCl3 , AlBr3 ,SbF5 und FeCl3) oder Brönsted‐Säuren (HNO3 und H2SO4) wurde bei 292 K in einem Gas‐Zirkulationsreaktior untersucht.
ChemInform Abstract: THIOACYL ISOCYANATES. XV. REACTION WITH NUCLEOPHILIC C‐COMPOUNDS
Authors: GOERDELER J. , TIEDT M.‐L. , NANDI K.
Published: April 2016

Die aus dem Dithiazolon (I) erhältlichen Thioacyl‐isocyanate (II) (im Rohzustand eingesetzt) addieren Na‐malon‐, ‐cyanessig‐ bzw. ‐acetessigester unter Bildung der Amide (III), von denen sich (IIIb) und (IIIc) zu den Thiazinonen (IV) bzw. (V) cyclisieren lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND FLASH VACUUM PYROLYSIS OF DIBENZ(C,E)(1,2)OXATHIIN 6‐OXIDE (BIPHENYLENE SULTINE)
Authors: SQUIRES T. G. , VENIER C. G. , HODGSON B. A. , CHANG L. W. , DAVIS F. A. , PANUNTO T. W.
Published: April 2016

Dibenzothiophen‐S ,5‐dioxid (I) liefert in Gegenwart von Kronenethern mit KOH ein Umlagerungsprodukt (II), das durch Blitzpyrolyse bei 700 ‐ 900°C in Dibenzofuran (III) und Dibenzothiophen (IV) gespalten wird.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERAL PROCEDURE FOR THE INTRAMOLECULAR α‐TERT‐ALKYLATION OF CARBONYL COMPOUNDS
Authors: REETZ M. T. , CHATZIIOSOFIDIS I. , SCHWELLNUS K.
Published: April 2016

Die SnCl4‐katalysierten intramolekularen α‐tert‐Alkylierungen der Carbonylverbindungen (I), (III) bzw. (V) verlaufen als bevorzugte 6‐ oder 7‐endo‐trigonale Cyclisierungen zu den Derivaten (II), (IV) bzw. (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: USE OF TETRABUTYLAMMONIUM HYDROBORATE AND ITS CHLORINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE SELECTIVE REDUCTION OF SOME ACETALS AND ALDEHYDES
Authors: KRYSHTAL' G. V. , GAVRILOVA L. A. , TITOV L. V. , YANOVSKAYA L. A.
Published: April 2016

Das Monoacetal des Fumardialdehyds (II) bildet bei der Reduktion mit den Borhydriden (I) Polymere.
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID DERIVATIVES BY TETRAHYDROBORATE(1‐) ION IN ACIDIC DIMETHYL SULFOXIDE
Authors: WANN S. R. , THORSEN P. T. , KREEVOY M. M.
Published: April 2016

Amide wie (I) werden durch Boranat‐Ionen in Gegenwart von sauren Katalysatoren zu entsprechenden Aminen reduziert.
ChemInform Abstract: OXIDATION OF β‐HYDROXYKETONES AND ESTERS: A CONVENIENT SYNTHESIS OF 1,3‐DIKETONES AND β‐KETO ESTERS
Authors: SMITH A. B. III , LEVENBERG P. A.
Published: April 2016

Die Ketone (I) reagieren mit Aldehyden zu den Hydroxyketonen (II), deren Oxidation mit Collins‐Reagenz oder Dimethylsulfoxid/Oxalylchlorid zu den 1,3‐Diketonen (III) führt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF THE TWO ISOMERS OF THE POTENTIAL SEX PHEROMONE OF THAUMETOPOEA PITYOCAMPA (LEPIDOPTERA, NOTODONTIDAE) AND RELATED MODEL COMPOUNDS
Authors: CAMPS F. , COLL J. , CANELA R. , GUERRERO A. , RIBA M.
Published: April 2016

Nach bekannten Methoden werden die Sex‐Pheromone des Prozessionsspinners (I) E′! und (II) und die vier strukturverwandten Modellverbindungen (III)‐(VI) dargestellt.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND PHARMACOLOGICAL STUDY OF ANTIARRYTHMIC ACTIVITY OF QUATERNARY DERIVATIVES OF TRIMECAIN
Authors: ZHUKAUSKAITE L. N. , TSYBUSOV A. P. , GENDENSHTEIN E. I. , STANKEVICHYUS A. P. , TSEPLENE V. S. , LUBAS A. A.
Published: April 2016

Das anti‐arrhythmisch wirkende Trimekain (I) wird mit Alkylhalogeniden (II) quaterniert.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 1,2‐DIALKYLHYDRAZINES BY STEPWISE PHASE‐TRANSFER‐CATALYZED N‐ALKYLATION OF DIPHENYLPHOSPHINIC HYDRAZIDE
Authors: KLUBA M. , ZWIERZAK A.
Published: April 2016

Diphenylphosphinsäurehydrazid (I) wird mit Bromiden unter Phasentransfer‐Bedingungen zu den Verbindungen (II) alkyliert, die nach Überführung in die Acetylderivate (III) analog zur Ausgangssubstanz zu den Dialkylverbindungen (IV) umgesetzt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: STEPWISE SYNTHESIS OF O,O′‐METHYLENE BRIDGED CYCLOHEXAMERS WITH P‐CRESOL AND 4‐TERT‐BUTYLPHENOL STRUCTURAL UNITS. COMPARISON WITH SIMILARLY STRUCTURED CHAIN OLIGOMERS
Authors: KAEMMERER H. + , HAPPEL G.
Published: April 2016

Die 6 Phenoleinheiten enthaltenden Alkohole (Ia) bzw. (Ib), deren Synthese bekannt ist, lassen sich in einem Schritt in sehr verdünnter Lösung in Eisessig unter Bildung der Cyclohexameren (IIa) bzw. (IIb) cyclisieren.
ChemInform Abstract: ENANTIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF THE GIBBANE FRAMEWORK USING L‐GLUTAMIC ACID AS CHIRAL TEMPLATE
Authors: TAKANO S. , KASAHARA C. , OGASAWARA K.
Published: April 2016

Das aus L‐Glutaminsäure zugängliche Trityllacton (I) liefert bei zweifacher Alkylierung die Verbindung (II), die in ein 61 :7‐Gemisch der Tricyclen (III) umgewandelt wird.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIVITIES OF STABLE ROTAMERS. 7. ISOLATION AND RELATIVE REACTIVITIES IN CHROMIUM(VI) OXIDE OXIDATION OF THE ROTAMERS OF 9‐(2‐FORMYL‐1‐NAPHTHYL)FLUORENE AND RELATED ALCOHOLS
Authors: OKI M. , SAITO R.
Published: April 2016

Das aus dem Fluorenylmethylnaphthalin (I) mit N‐Bromsuccinimid (NBS) (II) erhaltene Bromid (III) läßt sich mit Hexamethylentetramin (IV) zum Fluorenylnaphthaldehyd (V) oxidieren; die Oxidation des Rotamerengemisches (V) mit CrO 3 liefert in Abhängigkeit von der sterischen Konfiguration neben dem sterisch einheitlichen Aldehyd (ap)‐ (VI) die Fluorenylnaphthoesäure (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: REDUCTIVE CYCLIZATION OF KETO ACIDS TO POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS BY HYDROIODIC ACID‐RED PHOSPHORUS
Authors: PLATT K. L. , OESCH F.
Published: April 2016

Phthalsäureanhydrid (II) reagiert mit Phenylmagnesiumbromid (I) zur Ketocarbonsäure (III), die mit rotem Phosphor/HI zum Diphenylmethanderivat (IV) reduziert wird.
ChemInform Abstract: GENERATION AND THERMAL REORGANIZATION OF A LINEARLY‐FUSED N‐METHYLDIBENZOAZOCINYL ANION
Authors: ANASTASSIOU A. G. , KASMAI H. S. , HAUGER D.
Published: April 2016

In Gegenwart von Kaliumamid entsteht aus der Verbindung (I) bei tiefer Temperatur das Anion (II), das beim Erwärmen auf ca. 0°C zum Anion (III) umgelagert wird.