bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Persistent cloud cover over mega-cities linked to surface heat release
Authors: Theeuwes Natalie E. , Barlow Janet F. , Teuling Adriaan J. , Grimmond C. Sue B. , Kotthaus Simone
Published: May 2019

Urban areas are a hotspot for the interactions between the built environment, its inhabitants, and weather. Unlike the impact of temperatures through the well-known urban heat island effect, urban effects on cloud formation remain unknown. In this study we show observational evidence of a systematic enhancement of cloud cover in the afternoon and evening over two large metropolitan areas in Europe (Paris and London). Long-term measurements in and around London show that during late-spring and summer, even though less moisture is available at the surface and the atmosphere is drier, low clouds can persist longer over the urban area as vertical mixing of the available moisture is maintained for a longer period of time, into the evening transition. Our findings show that urban impacts on weather extend beyond temperature effects. These prolonged clouds over the city might enhance the urban heat island via night-time radiative forcing.
Motor torque measurement of Halobacterium salinarum archaellar suggests a general model for ATP-driven rotary motors
Authors: Iwata Seiji , Kinosita Yoshiaki , Uchida Nariya , Nakane Daisuke , Nishizaka Takayuki
Published: May 2019

It is unknown how the archaellum—the rotary propeller used by Archaea for motility—works. To further understand the molecular mechanism by which the hexameric ATPase motor protein FlaI drives rotation of the membrane-embedded archaellar motor, we determined motor torque by imposition of various loads on Halobacterium salinarum archaella. Markers of different sizes were attached to single archaella, and their trajectories were quantified using three-dimensional tracking and high-speed recording. We show that rotation slows as the viscous drag of markers increases, but torque remains constant at 160 pN·nm independent of rotation speed. Notably, the estimated work done in a single rotation is twice the expected energy that would come from hydrolysis of six ATP molecules in the hexamer, indicating that more ATP molecules are required for one rotation of archaellum. To reconcile the apparent contradiction, we suggest a new and general model for the mechanism of ATP-driven rotary motors.
First-principles analysis for the modulation of energy band gap and optical characteristics in HgTe/CdTe superlattices
Authors: Laref A. , Alsagri M. , Alahmed Z. A. , Laref S.
Published: May 2019

HgTe/CdTe superlattices (SLs), have emerged as unprecedented materials with tremendous functionalities, such as solar photocell devices.
Understanding the loss mechanisms in high-performance solution-processed small molecule bulk heterojunction solar cells doped with a PFN impurity
Authors: Aghassi Ali , Fay Cormac D.
Published: May 2019

A small amount of PFN, introduced as an impurity, can have a dramatic impact on the performance of small molecule-based BHJ solar cells.
Voltammetric characterisation of diferrocenylborinic acid in organic solution and in aqueous media when immobilised into a titanate nanosheet film
Authors: Konhefr Martin , Sedgwick Adam C. , James Tony D. , Lacina Karel , Skládal Petr , Putra Budi Riza , Harito Christian , Bavykin Dmitry V. , Walsh Frank C. , Raithby Paul R. , Kociok-Köhn Gabriele , Marken Frank
Published: May 2019

Diferrocenylborinic acid (Fc2BOH,1) has been synthesized.
Synthesis of a series of hetero-multi-spin Ln2Cu3 complexes based on a methyl-pyrazole nitronyl nitroxide radical with slow magnetic relaxation behaviors
Authors: Shi Jian Yun , Chen Peng Yun , Wu Ming Ze , Tian Li , Liu Zhong Yi
Published: May 2019

Three multinuclear hetero-tri-spin complexes (Ln2Cu3) have been synthesized based on a methyl-pyrazole nitronyl nitroxide radical. Tb complex shows a single relaxation process.
Improving photoelectrochemical response of ZnO nanowire arrays by coating with p-type ZnO-resembling metal–organic framework
Authors: Gao Qianqian , Kang Huihui , Cai Yun , Xue Daxiang , Yu Fengjiao , Fang Jun , Yang Yang
Published: May 2019

Superior photoelectrochemical performance of zinc oxide nanowire arrays is achieved by compactly coating MOF zinc glycolate with p-type conductivity.
Selectivity control of Pd(PMe3)4-catalyzed hydrogenation of internal alkynes to E-alkenes by reaction time and water content in formic acid
Authors: Wang Wenmin , Gao Liuzhou , Wei Haiyan , Qi Zheng-Hang , Zeng Guixiang , Cheng Xu , Wang Guoqiang , Ma Jing
Published: May 2019

The modulation of selectivity of transfer hydrogenation of alkynes to E-alkenes using formic acid is achieved through the control of water content and reaction time.
A dicopper(i)-dimesoionic carbene complex as a click catalyst: mechanistic implications
Authors: Beerhues Julia , Fauché Kevin , Cisnetti Federico , Sarkar Biprajit , Gautier Arnaud
Published: May 2019

A dicopper(i) complex comprising a dimesoionic carbene and an acetate-bridge is synthesized and fully characterized.
An alkaline polymer electrolyte CO2 electrolyzer operated with pure water
Authors: Yin Zhenglei , Peng Hanqing , Wei Xing , Zhou Huan , Gong Jun , Huai Mingming , Xiao Li , Wang Gongwei , Lu Juntao , Zhuang Lin
Published: May 2019

An approach to the industrial-scale conversion of CO2 through electrolysis is realized in this work. Such a device is fully based on alkaline polymer electrolytes, both as the membrane and the ionomer inside electrodes, and works only with pure water. Typical current density is 500 mA cm−2 @ 3V 60 °C, with the faradaic efficiency of CO production over 90%.
Towards an efficient liquid organic hydrogen carrier fuel cell concept
Authors: Sievi Gabriel , Geburtig Denise , Skeledzic Tanja , Bösmann Andreas , Preuster Patrick , Brummel Olaf , Waidhas Fabian , Montero María A. , Khanipour Peyman , Katsounaros Ioannis , Libuda Jörg , Mayrhofer Karl J. J. , Wasserscheid Peter
Published: May 2019

Transfer hydrogenation and fuel cell operation with the resulting product enables effective electrification of LOHC-bound hydrogen.
Physiological, biochemical and proteomic insight into integrated strategies of an endophytic bacterium Burkholderia cenocepacia strain YG-3 response to cadmium stress
Authors: Wang Xiang , Zhang Xuan , Liu Xuanming , Huang Zhongliang , Niu Shuqi , Xu Ting , Zeng Jiarui , Li Hui , Wang Tengfei , Gao Yan , Huang Mei , Cao Lidan , Zhu Yonghua
Published: May 2019

An endophytic bacterium YG-3 with high cadmium (Cd) resistance was isolated from poplar grown in a composite mine tailing. It was identified as Burkholderia cenocepacia based on genomic, physiological and biochemical analyses. The Cd removal rate by YG-3 could reach about 60.0% in Cd aqueous solution with high concentrations of both 100 and 500 mg L−1. Meanwhile, various absorption and adsorption strategies were found in the two different Cd concentrations. The global resistance mechanisms of YG-3 were investigated in several levels, i.e., physiological observation, such as scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy; biochemical detection for active compound production and infrared spectroscopy; label-free quantitative proteomic profile analysis. The results indicated that YG-3 possesses a complex mechanism to adapt to Cd stress: (1) binding of Cd to prevent it from entering the cell by the cell wall components, as well as secreted siderophores and exopolysaccharides; (2) intracellular sequestration of Cd by metalloproteins; (3) excretion of Cd from the cell by efflux pumps; (4) alleviation of Cd toxicity by antioxidants. Our results demonstrate that endophyte YG-3 is well adjusted to largely remove Cd and has potential to cooperate with its host to improve phytoremediation efficiency in heavy metal-contaminated sites.
Converting bimetallic M (M = Ni, Co, or Fe)–Sn nanoparticles into phosphides: a general strategy for the synthesis of ternary metal phosphide nanocrystals
Authors: Düttmann Anke , Bottke Patrick , Plaggenborg Thorsten , Gutsche Christian , Parisi Jürgen , Knipper Martin , Kolny-Olesiak Joanna
Published: May 2019

Ternary metal tin phosphides are promising candidates for electrochemical or catalytic applications.
Physical mechanisms involved in the formation and operation of memory devices based on a monolayer of gold nanoparticle-polythiophene hybrid materials
Authors: Zhang T. , Guérin D. , Alibart F. , Troadec D. , Hourlier D. , Patriarche G. , Yassin A. , Oçafrain M. , Blanchard P. , Roncali J. , Vuillaume D. , Lmimouni K. , Lenfant S.
Published: May 2019

Understanding the physical and chemical mechanisms occurring during the forming process and operation of an organic resistive memory device is a requisite for better performance.
Inhomogeneous energy landscape in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 nanostructures
Authors: Nethwewala Aditi , Lee Hyungwoo , Briggeman Megan , Tang Yuhe , Li Jianan , Lee Jung-Woo , Eom Chang-Beom , Irvin Patrick , Levy Jeremy
Published: May 2019

A nanoscale cross, written at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface using conductive AFM lithography, reveals an inhomogeneous electronic band structure.
A new microfluidic-chip device for selective and simultaneous extraction of drugs with various properties
Authors: Ali Khan Wajid , Yamini Yadollah , Baharfar Mahroo , Balal Arain Muhammad
Published: May 2019

In the present study, a newly designed microfluidic-chip device was used for the selective and simultaneous electromembrane extraction (EME) of drugs with different properties.
Dynamics of carbohydrate strands in water and interactions with clay minerals: influence of pH, surface chemistry, and electrolytes
Authors: Jamil Tariq , Gissinger Jacob R. , Garley Amanda , Saikia Nabanita , Upadhyay Arun K. , Heinz Hendrik
Published: May 2019

We describe the dynamics of gellan strands in solution, the interaction mechanisms with clay platelets of different composition, and design principles to tune the attraction.
Thermal enhancement and quenching of upconversion emission in nanocrystals
Authors: Wang Zijun , Christiansen Jeppe , Wezendonk Dennie , Xie Xiaobin , van Huis Marijn A. , Meijerink Andries
Published: May 2019

Surface chemistry of nanocrystals determines distinct thermal behaviours of upconversion emission.
On the origins of stereoselectivity in the aminocatalytic remote alkylation of 5-alkylfurfurals
Authors: Dyguda Mateusz , Przydacz Artur , Krzemińska Agnieszka , Albrecht Łukasz
Published: May 2019

Computational studies provided interesting insights into the mechanism of the aminocatalytic remote alkylation of 5-alkylfurfurals.
Chemical synthesis of the dimeric repeating unit of type Ia group BStreptococcuscapsular polysaccharide
Authors: Zhang Han , Zhou Shihao , Zhao Ying , Gao Jian
Published: May 2019

The first synthesis of the dimeric repeating unit of type Ia GBS CPS containing two sialotrisaccharide side chains and adjacent 3,4-di-branched Gal motifs was achieved.
Synthesis of α-CF3-proline derivatives by means of a formal (3 + 2)-cyclisation between trifluoropyruvate imines and Michael acceptors
Authors: Winter Michael , Faust Kirill , Himmelsbach Markus , Waser Mario
Published: May 2019

The first (3 + 2)-cyclisation of 3,3,3-trifluoropyruvate-derived imines and indandione-based Michael acceptors giving spirocyclic α-CF3-α-proline derivatives was developed.
BODIPY@carbon dot nanocomposites for enhanced photodynamic activity
Authors: Su Ya , Lu Siyu , Gao Pengli , Zheng Min , Xie Zhigang
Published: May 2019

BODIPY@carbon dot nanocomposites were made, which improved the solubility of BODIPY and enhanced the photodynamic activity.
Regioselective C–H alkylation and alkenylation at the C5 position of 2-amino-1,4-naphthoquinones with maleimides under Rh(iii) catalysis
Authors: Yakkala Prasanna Anjaneyulu , Giri Deepesh , Chaudhary Bharatkumar , Auti Prashant , Sharma Satyasheel
Published: May 2019

Rh(iii)-Catalyzed substituent enabled alkylation and alkenylation of 1,4-naphthoquinones with maleimides under acidic and basic conditions is described.
Oxidative selenofunctionalization of allenes: convenient access to 2-(phenylselanyl)-but-2-enals and 4-oxo-3-(phenylselanyl)pent-2-enoates
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro , Martínez del Campo Teresa , Martín Laura , Palop Guillermo , Toledano-Pinedo Mireia
Published: May 2019

The controlled preparation of two types of α-seleno-α,β-unsaturated carbonyls, namely, α-selenoenals and α-selenoenones, have been accomplished.
Hyper-branched structure—an active carrier for copolymer with surface activity, anti-polyelectrolyte effect and hydrophobic association in enhanced oil recovery
Authors: Wu Qi , Gou Shaohua , Huang Jinglun , Fan Guijuan , Li Shiwei , Liu Mengyu
Published: May 2019

Herein, a hyper-branched polymer h-PMAD with, simultaneously, surface activity, an anti-polyelectrolyte effect and a hydrophobic association was preparedviaaqueous solution free radical polymerization, and characterized by IR, NMR, TG–DTG and SEM.
Stoichiometry deviation in amorphous zirconium dioxide
Authors: Rushton Michael J. D. , Ipatova Iuliia , Evitts Lee J. , Lee William E. , Middleburgh Simon C.
Published: May 2019

The accommodation mechanism for excess oxygen in amorphous ZrO2 is identified using state-of-the-art methods: employing reverse Monte-Carlo, molecular dynamics and density functional theory together. Excess oxygen is predicted to enter amorphous ZrO2 exothermically from O2.
New chair shaped supramolecular complexes-based aryl nicotinate derivative; mesomorphic properties and DFT molecular geometry
Authors: Ahmed H. A. , Hagar M. , Alhaddad O. A.
Published: May 2019

A new series of chair-shaped liquid crystalline complexes were formed through 1 : 1 intermolecular hydrogen bonding between 4-(4-(hexyloxyphenylimino)methyl)phenyl nicotinate and 4-alkoxybenzoic acids, with different alkoxy chains.
Characterizing the bifurcating configuration of hydrogen bonding network in interfacial liquid water and its adhesion on solid surfaces
Authors: Zhao Lei , Cheng Jiangtao
Published: May 2019

Bifurcating configuration of hydrogen bonding network in interfacial liquid water influences its adhesion on solid surfaces.
Ultrasound-assisted sorption of Pb(ii) on multi-walled carbon nanotube in presence of natural organic matter: an insight into main and interaction effects using modelling approaches of RSM and BRT
Authors: Foroughi Maryam , Zolghadr Nasab Hassan , Shokoohi Reza , Ahmadi Azqhandi Mohammad Hossein , Nadali Azam , Mazaheri Ashraf
Published: May 2019

The proposed mechanism for effect of HA on Pb(ii) removal using MWCNTs.
A comparison between washcoated and packed copper foams for the intensification of methane steam reforming
Authors: Balzarotti Riccardo , Beretta Alessandra , Groppi Gianpiero , Tronconi Enrico
Published: May 2019

Highly conductive copper open-cell foams were successfully used for the intensification of methane steam reforming.
Highly diastereoselective preparation of chiral NHC-boranes stereogenic at the boron atom
Authors: Aupic Clara , Abdou Mohamed Amel , Figliola Carlotta , Nava Paola , Tuccio Béatrice , Chouraqui Gaëlle , Parrain Jean-Luc , Chuzel Olivier
Published: May 2019

Stereogenic main group elements, a promising strategy for metal-free enantioselective catalysis.
Distortion-controlled isotropic swelling: numerical study of free boundary swelling patterns
Authors: Duque Carlos M. , Chen Bryan Gin-ge , Santangelo Christian D.
Published: May 2019

Modern fabrication tools have now provided a number of platforms for designing flat sheets that, by virtue of their nonuniform growth, can buckle and fold into target three-dimensional structures.
First-principles investigation on anion order, electronic structure and dielectric properties of BaTaO2N
Authors: Xu Xi , Jiang Hong
Published: May 2019

Perovskite-type metal oxynitrides are emerging functional materials with tunable photocatalytic, dielectric and magnetic properties that may depend not only on the compositions but also on the distribution of oxygen and nitrogen ions.
LIFR-AS1 modulates Sufu to inhibit cell proliferation and migration by miR-197-3p in breast cancer
Authors: Xu Fangfang , Li Hui , Hu Chengjiu
Published: May 2019

Numerous evidence has recently demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play vital roles in the oncogenesis and development of a wide range of human neoplasms. Leukemia inhibitory factor receptor antisense RNA 1 (LIFR-AS1), a novel cancer-related lncRNA, has been reported to be under-expressed in breast cancer and associated with poor prognosis. However, the exact role of LIFR-AS1 in breast cancer remains largely unclear. The present study aimed to investigate the biological role of LIFR-AS1 in breast cancer and clarify the potential molecular mechanisms. In the present study, we found that LIFR-AS1 was significantly down-regulated in both tissues and cell lines. Furthermore, over-expression of LIFR-AS1 inhibited breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of LIFR-AS1 promoted breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Moreover, LIFR-AS1 was observed to up-regulate suppressor of fused gene (Sufu) expression by competitively binding to miR-197-3p in breast cancer cells. Notably, miR-197-3p inhibitor reversed the promoting effects of LIFR-AS1 knockdown on breast cancer cell proliferation, colony formation, migration and invasion. Additionally, LIFR-AS1 knockdown promoted tumor growth in vivo. To sum up, our results imply the tumor-suppressing role of LIFR-AS1 in breast cancer.
Adaptive etalon suppression technique for long‐term stability improvement in high index contrast waveguide‐based laser absorption spectrometers
Authors: Zhang E.J. , Tombez L. , Teng C.C. , Wysocki G. , Green W.M.J.
Published: May 2019

The authors present an adaptive algorithm based on a non‐linear regression model for mitigating time‐varying etalon drifts in line‐scanned optical absorption spectrometers. By dynamically varying the etalon spectral background using physically realistic degrees of freedom, the authors’ dynamic etalon fitting‐routine (DEF‐R) significantly increases the spectral baseline recalibration interval as compared to conventional fringe subtraction models. They provide an empirical demonstration of the efficacy of DEF‐R using an on‐chip 10 cm silicon waveguide for near‐infrared methane absorption spectroscopy at 6057 cm−1, which suffers significant etalon spectral noise due to reflections and multi‐path interference from stochastic line‐edge roughness imperfections. They demonstrate the corresponding improvement in both spectral clean‐up and long‐term stability via Allan‐variance analysis. For the sensor presented here, application of DEF‐R enables Gaussian‐noise limited performance for more than 102 s and provides almost an order‐of‐magnitude improvement in stability time with respect to conventional baseline subtraction. Although DEF‐R is applied here to an on‐chip sensor embodiment, they envision their technique to be applicable to any absorption sensor limited by time‐varying etalon drifts.
Robust switching control for service restoration in smart grids considering switching malfunction by MAS
Authors: Shirazi Elham , Jadid Shahram
Published: May 2019

This study proposes an agent‐based approach to have a reliable service restoration scheme, which is vital to restore as many loads as possible after a permanent fault. The proposed multi‐agent system (MAS) has four different types of agents: feeder agents, zone agents, switch agents and DG agents. The agents can communicate and cooperate with each other in order to supply services to out‐of‐service customers. An artificial neural network has been considered to handle DG uncertainties. The restoration plan is built in a distributed manner, based on local data considering system conditions, operational constraints and fault location. The result of the proposed MAS is a switching sequence. After defining this sequence, the command for opening will be received by circuit breaker agents. In case of one switch failure, the plan cannot be implemented, and hence the restoration plan will fail. To have a reliable restoration plan, the main feeder agent has to handle malfunction in order to operate the system at an acceptable range without violating system constraints. Different loading conditions have been considered under different scenarios and the results of the proposed approach for each scenario have been compared. Simulation results show the efficiency of the proposed agent architecture.
Flexibility evaluation of active distribution networks considering probabilistic characteristics of uncertain variables
Authors: Ge Shaoyun , Xu Zhengyang , Liu Hong , Gu Chenghong , Li Furong
Published: May 2019

The flexibility evaluation of distribution networks has attracted significant research attention with the increasing penetration of renewable energy. One particular gap in existing studies is that little attention has been paid to the probabilistic characteristics of uncertain regions. In this study, a novel sequential flexibility evaluation method is proposed based on the feasibility analysis of the uncertain region of photovoltaic active power and load demand. The model features the uncertain region with probabilistic characteristics, which is essential for analysing the impact of probabilistic characteristics of uncertain variables (PCUVs) on flexibility evaluation. The sequential direction matrix is adopted to reflect the major factor of flexibility shortage. The evaluation procedure is modelled as a bi‐level optimisation problem. Demonstrated by the simulation results, the flexibility index is larger by considering the PCUV. Furthermore, the elements in the sequential direction matrix indicate that the photovoltaic power during midday is the major cause of flexibility shortage.
SAPSC: SignRecrypting authentication protocol using shareable clouds in VANET groups
Authors: Kanchan Sneha , Singh Garima , Chaudhari Narendra S.
Published: May 2019

Security and mutual reliability are the crucial requirements of an ad hoc network as nodes are dependent upon each other for routing and forwarding their messages. Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) are no exception and are always at the risk of impersonation attack. An authentication protocol protects the identity of network entities from being impersonated. Occasionally, they require re‐encryption technique which enables any other node to communicate on behalf of an unavailable node. The technology is used to provide backup in emergencies. We propose a secure authentication algorithm to efficiently re‐encrypt the messages using signcryption. For faster computation and routing, the authors have used shareable clouds in VANET groups. Security of the protocol is proved using Burrows–Abadi–Needham logic and validated by simulation tool automated validation of internet security protocols and applications.
Investigation of integrated solid state nano‐ionic metal–insulator–metal switches for electronically reconfigurable band‐stop filter applications
Authors: Jayakrishnan Methapettyparambu Purushothama , Vena Arnaud , Sorli Brice , Perret Etienne
Published: May 2019

A proof of concept of application of nano‐ionic conductive‐bridging metal–insulator–metal (MIM) switches in electronically reconfigurable band‐stop filters, through design, and experimental results are presented in this article. Two similar designs of band‐stop filters with a different mechanism of operation are proposed herewith. One is a microstrip, resonant open stub‐based band‐stop filter and the other is a microstrip tuned shorted stub‐based band‐stop filter. The electrical length of the stubs in both these devices are tuned by an integrated MIM switch forcing them to resonate at different frequencies and thus achieving electronically switchable band stop filtering characteristics. Working mechanism of the devices is validated with the help of developed electrical equivalent circuit models. Analysis of time stability of switch states for 1000 min with affirmative results is also presented herewith. These devices are fabricated without any soldered electrical components and without the use of any cleanroom technologies, using proven low‐cost method, and are promising to work at very low power and have the potential to be directly printed on low‐cost flexible substrates like paper, for potential disposable applications.
Small dust grain dynamics on adaptive mesh refinement grids
Authors: Lebreuilly U. , Commerçon B. , Laibe G.
Published: May 2019

Context. Small dust grains are essential ingredients of star, disk and planet formation.

Aims. We present an Eulerian numerical approach to study small dust grain dynamics in the context of star and protoplanetary disk formation. It is designed for finite volume codes. We use it to investigate dust dynamics during the protostellar collapse.

Methods. We present a method to solve the monofluid equations of gas and dust mixtures with several dust species in the diffusion approximation implemented in the adaptive-mesh-refinement code RAMSES. It uses a finite volume second-order Godunov method with a predictor-corrector MUSCL scheme to estimate the fluxes between the grid cells.

Results. We benchmark our method against six distinct tests, DUSTYADVECT, DUSTYDIFFUSE, DUSTYSHOCK, DUSTYWAVE, SETTLING, and DUSTYCOLLAPSE. We show that the scheme is second-order accurate in space on uniform grids and intermediate between second- and first-order on non-uniform grids. We apply our method on various DUSTYCOLLAPSE simulations of 1 M⊙ cores composed of gas and dust.

Conclusions. We developed an efficient approach to treat gas and dust dynamics in the diffusion regime on grid-based codes. The canonical tests were successfully passed. In the context of protostellar collapse, we show that dust is less coupled to the gas in the outer regions of the collapse where grains larger than ≃100 μm fall significantly faster than the gas.
A unified accretion-ejection paradigm for black hole X-ray binaries
Authors: Marcel G. , Ferreira J. , Clavel M. , Petrucci P.-O. , Malzac J. , Corbel S. , Rodriguez J. , Belmont R. , Coriat M. , Henri G. , Cangemi F.
Published: May 2019

Context. Transient X-ray binaries (XrB) exhibit very different spectral shapes during their evolution. In luminosity-color diagrams, their behavior in X-rays forms q-shaped cycles that remain unexplained. In Paper I, we proposed a framework where the innermost regions of the accretion disk evolve as a response to variations imposed in the outer regions. These variations lead not only to modifications of the inner disk accretion rate ṁin, but also to the evolution of the transition radius rJ between two disk regions. The outermost region is a standard accretion disk (SAD), whereas the innermost region is a jet-emitting disk (JED) where all the disk angular momentum is carried away vertically by two self-confined jets.

Aims. In the previous papers of this series, it has been shown that such a JED–SAD disk configuration could reproduce the typical spectral (radio and X-rays) properties of the five canonical XrB states. The aim of this paper is now to replicate all X-ray spectra and radio emission observed during the 2010–2011 outburst of the archetypal object GX 339-4.

Methods. We used the two-temperature plasma code presented in two previous papers (Papers II and III) and designed an automatic ad hoc fitting procedure that for any given date calculates the required disk parameters (ṁin,rJ) that fit the observed X-ray spectrum best. We used X-ray data in the 3–40 keV (RXTE/PCA) spread over 438 days of the outburst, together with 35 radio observations at 9 GHz (ATCA) dispersed within the same cycle.

Results. We obtain the time distributions of ṁin(t) and rJ(t) that uniquely reproduce the X-ray luminosity and the spectral shape of the whole cycle. In the classical self-absorbed jet synchrotron emission model, the JED–SAD configuration also reproduces the radio properties very satisfactorily, in particular, the switch-off and -on events and the radio-X-ray correlation. Although the model is simplistic and some parts of the evolution still need to be refined, this is to our knowledge the first time that an outburst cycle is reproduced with such a high level of detail.

Conclusions. Within the JED–SAD framework, radio and X-rays are so intimately linked that radio emission can be used to constrain the underlying disk configuration, in particular, during faint hard states. If this result is confirmed using other outbursts from GX 339-4 or other X-ray binaries, then radio could be indeed used as another means to indirectly probe disk physics.
Molecular analysis of a high-mass prestellar core candidate in W43-MM1
Authors: Molet J. , Brouillet N. , Nony T. , Gusdorf A. , Motte F. , Despois D. , Louvet F. , Bontemps S. , Herpin F.
Published: May 2019

Context. High-mass analogues of low-mass prestellar cores are searched for to constrain the models of high-mass star formation. Several high-mass cores, at various evolutionary stages, have been recently identified towards the massive star-forming region W43-MM1 and amongst them a high-mass prestellar core candidate.

Aims. We aim to characterise the chemistry in this high-mass prestellar core candidate, referred to as W43-MM1 core #6, and its environment.

Methods. Using ALMA high-spatial resolution data of W43-MM1, we have studied the molecular content of core #6 and a neighbouring high-mass protostellar core, referred to as #3, which is similar in size and mass to core #6. We first subtracted the continuum emission using a method based on the density distribution of the intensities on each pixel. Then, from the distribution of detected molecules, we identified the molecules centred on the prestellar core candidate (core #6) and those associated to shocks related to outflows and filament formation. Then we constrained the column densities and temperatures of the molecules detected towards the two cores.

Results. While core #3 appears to contain a hot core with a temperature of about 190 K, core #6 seems to have a lower temperature in the range from 20 to 90 K from a rotational diagram analysis. We have considered different source sizes for core #6 and the comparison of the abundances of the detected molecules towards the core with various interstellar sources shows that it is compatible with a core of size 1000 au with T = 20−90 K or a core of size 500 au with T ~ 80 K.

Conclusions. Core #6 of W43-MM1 remains one of the best high-mass prestellar core candidates even if we cannot exclude that it is at the very beginning of the protostellar phase of high-mass star formation.
The CARMENES search for exoplanets around M dwarfs
Authors: Lalitha S. , Baroch D. , Morales J. C. , Passegger V. M. , Bauer F. F. , Cardona Guillén C. , Dreizler S. , Oshagh M. , Reiners A. , Ribas I. , Caballero J. A. , Quirrenbach A. , Amado P. J. , Béjar V. J. S. , Colomé J. , Cortés-Contreras M. , Galadí-Enríquez D. , González-Cuesta L. , Guenther E. W. , Hagen H.-J. , Henning T. , Herrero E. , Husser T.-O. , Jeffers S. V. , Kaminski A. , Kürster M. , Lafarga M. , Lodieu N. , López-González M. J. , Montes D. , Perger M. , Rosich A. , Rodríguez E. , Rodríguez-López C. , Schmitt J. H. M. M. , Tal-Or L. , Zechmeister M.
Published: May 2019

Although M dwarfs are known for high levels of stellar activity, they are ideal targets for the search of low-mass exoplanets with the radial velocity (RV) method. We report the discovery of a planetary-mass companion around LSPM J2116+0234 (M3.0 V) and confirm the existence of a planet orbiting GJ 686 (BD+18 3421; M1.0 V). The discovery of the planet around LSPM J2116+0234 is based on CARMENES RV observations in the visual and near-infrared channels. We confirm the planet orbiting around GJ 686 by analyzing the RV data spanning over two decades of observationsfrom CARMENES VIS, HARPS-N, HARPS, and HIRES. We find planetary signals at 14.44 and 15.53 d in the RV data for LSPM J2116+0234 and GJ 686, respectively. Additionally, the RV, photometric time series, and various spectroscopic indicators show hints of variations of 42 d for LSPM J2116+0234 and 37 d for GJ 686, which we attribute to the stellar rotation periods. The orbital parameters of the planets are modeled with Keplerian fits together with correlated noise from the stellar activity. A mini-Neptune with a minimum mass of 11.8 M⊕ orbits LSPM J2116+0234 producing a RV semi-amplitude of 6.19 m s−1, while a super-Earth of mass 6.6 M⊕ orbits GJ 686 and produces a RV semi-amplitude of 3.0 m s−1. Both LSPM J2116+0234 and GJ 686 have planetary companions populating the regime of exoplanets with masses lower than 15 M⊕ and orbital periods <20 d.
Comparative study of the effect of Thymus daenensis gel 5% and diclofenac in patients with knee osteoarthritis
Authors: Dehghan Morteza , Asgharian Shirin , Khalesi Elena , Ahmadi Ali , Lorigooini Zahra
Published: May 2019

Background: Osteoarthritis is a syndrome characterized by joint pain and reduced performance and efficien- cy in patient. Thymus daenensis has been used since old times for the treatment of bone and joint deformities and pain in traditional medicine.

Purpose: This study was conducted to examine traditional usages and pharmacological features of T. daen- ensis with respect to the effect of the plant in patients with osteoarthritis.

Methods: 120 patients with osteoarthritis were divided into 3 groups. Patients in each group were treated by 5% Thymus daenensis gel, 1% diclofenac gel, or placebo for 6 weeks, along with oral celecoxib capsules. Patients were assessed in different intervals, based on the VAS score for assessment of pain in the joint and different dimensions of WOMAC questionnaire.

Results: Pain level (P < 0.005), stiffness during the day (P < 0.05), morning stiffness (P < 0.05) and physi- cal performance (P < 0.05) were significantly different among the groups.

Conclusions: Thymus daenensis gel improves the symptoms in patients equal and without significant difference than diclofenac group. It can be argued that its use can produce a satisfactory effect on patients with osteoarthritis due to its low cost, easy access, the plant’s natively occurring in Iran.
Gynura bicoloraqueous extract attenuated H2O2induced injury in PC12 cells
Authors: Yang Ya-Chen , Wu Wen-Tzu , Mong Mei-Chin , Wang Zhi-Hong
Published: May 2019

Background: Protective effects ofGynura bicoloraqueous extract (GAE) at three concentrations upon nerve growth factor (NGF) differentiated-PC12 cells against H2O2induced injury were examined.

Methods: NGF differentiated-PC12 cells were treated with GAE at 0.25%, 0.5% or 1%. 100 μM H2O2was used to treat cells with GAE pre-treatments. After incubating at 37 °C for 12 hr, experimental analyses were processed.

Results: H2O2exposure decreased cell viability, increased plasma membrane damage, suppressed Bcl-2 mRNA expression and enhanced Bax mRNA expression. GAE pre-treatments reversed these changes. H2O2exposure reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, lowered Na+-K+-ATPase activity, and increased DNA fragmentation and Ca2+release. GAE pre-treatments attenuated these alterations. H2O2stimulated the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), interleukin (IL)-1beta, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, lowered glutathione content, and reduced glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase activities. GAE pretreatments maintained GPX and catalase activities; and concentration-dependently diminished the generation of ROS and inflammatory cytokines. H2O2enhanced mRNA expression of nuclear factor kappa (NF-κ) B and p38. GAE pre-treatments decreased mRNA expression of NF-κB and p38. Conclusion: These findings suggested that GAE might be a potent neuronal protective agent.
Ossification of the yellow ligament in the cervical spine – an unusual location
Authors: Oh Jacob Yoong-Leong , Wang Victor Tzong-Jing , Teo Timothy Wei Wen , Kaliya-Perumal Arun-Kumar , Hee Hwan Tak
Published: May 2019

Ossification of the yellow ligament (OYL) or ligamentum flavum, usually occurs in the thoracic spine. Focal OYL occurring in the cervical spine is considered rare and is sparsely reported in the literature. We came across a 30-year-old male patient with progressive left upper limb and bilateral lower limb weakness over a period of 3 months, associated with an unsteady gait. Clinical examination revealed bilateral generalized hyper-reflexia in both upper and lower limbs, inverted supinator jerk, Hoffman’s sign and clonus. Myelopathy due to cord compression was suspected and further investigations were done. MRI and CT scans revealed a bony mass in relation to the C6 spinous process projecting anterosuperiorly and narrowing the cervical spinal canal causing cord signal changes from C4 to C6 levels. In view of the deteriorating neurological status, immediate surgery in the form of decompression and posterior stabilization from C4-C6 was performed. Patient gradually recovered after surgery and attained full functional status. We report this case considering the unusual location of OYL and its successful management.
Effects of bushing profiles on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication performance of the journal bearing under steady operating conditions
Authors: Liu Chongpei , Zhao Bin , Li Wanyou , Lu Xiqun
Published: May 2019

The bushing profiles have important effects on the performance of journal bearing. In this article, the effects of plain profile, double conical profile, and double parabolic profile on the elastohydrodynamic lubrication of the journal bearing under steady operating conditions are investigated. The journal misalignment and asperity contact between journal and bushing surface are considered, while the modification of the bushing profiles due to running-in is neglected. Finite element method is used for the elastic deformation of bushing surface, while the numerical solution is established by using finite difference method and overrelaxation iterative method. The numerical results reveal that the double parabolic profile with appropriate size can significantly increase the minimum film thickness and reduce the asperity contact pressure and friction, while the maximum film pressure, load-carrying capacity, and leakage flow rate change slightly under steady operating conditions. This study may help to reduce the edge wear and prolong the service life of the journal bearing.
Performance investigation of organic Rankine-vapor compression refrigeration integrated system activated by renewable energy
Authors: Saleh B. , Aly Ayman A. , Alogla Ageel F. , Aljuaid Awad M. , Alharthi Mosleh M. , Ahmed Khaled I.E. , Hamed Y.S.
Published: May 2019

In this article, the performance and working fluid selection for an organic Rankine cycle-vapor compression refrigeration (ORC–VCR) integrated system activated by renewable energy is investigated. The performance of the system is described by the system coefficient of performance (COPS), and the refrigerant mass flow rate per kilowatt refrigeration capacity (m˙total). Twenty-three pure substances are proposed as working fluids for the integrated system. The basic integrated system performance is assessed and compared using the proposed working fluids. The basic VCR cycle works between 35 and 0 °C, while the basic ORC works between 35 and 100 °C. The impacts of different operating parameters such as the evaporator, the boiler, and the condenser temperatures on the ORC–VCR system performance are also examined. The results show that the cyclopentane accomplished the highest system performance under all investigated operating conditions. Accordingly, among the examined 23 working fluids, cyclopentane is the most appropriate working fluid for the integrated system from the viewpoints of environmental concerns and system performance. Nevertheless, due to its high flammability, further restrictions should be taken. The basic integrated system COPS, refrigeration effect, and the corresponding m˙total utilizing cyclopentane are 0.654, 361.3 kW, and 0.596 × 10−2 kg/(s kW), respectively.
Economic lot-size problem for a cleaner manufacturing system with warm-up period
Authors: Nobil Amir Hossein , Kazemi Abolfazl , Taleizadeh Ata Allah
Published: May 2019

There are instances that production machines require a warm-up period to reach their anticipated productivity. This study extends an economic manufacturing quantity (EMQ) problem by considering warm-up issue in the model. Warming up the machine decreases production loss, emission, and machine depreciation. Therefore, this study helps industry to enhance the profitability and also to reduce the environmental impact by decreasing waste generation and improving machine efficiency. In this study, we divide our system into three subsystems based on the relationships between production and consumption. Then we provide a mathematical model for each subsystem (three in total). The first two models are single-item EMQ inventory problems and the third one is a multi-item single-machine EMQ problem. In the third model, a machine/facility manufactures some items under a limited manufacturing volume. The purpose of these proposed models is to find the optimum cycle length to minimize the total system cost that consists of manufacturing, inventory and setup costs. Finally, we propose exact solution procedures after proving the convexity of these mathematical models.
Der „Osteoporosis Care Gap“ bei Altersfrakturpatienten kann durch osteologische Begleitung entlang des Behandlungspfads minimiert werden!
Authors: Suhm Norbert , Müller Sebastian , Kungler Evelyn , Meier Christian , Kränzlin Marius , Kränzlin Claude , Jakob Marcel , Saxer Franziska
Published: May 2019

Einleitung Ein Fracture Liaison Service (FLS) gilt als geeignete Organisationsstruktur, um den „Osteoporosis Care Gap“ zu schließen.

Material und Methodik In diese FLS-Evaluations-Studie wurden zwischen 01/2014 und 12/2015 insgesamt 1270 Patienten > 65 Jahre eingeschlossen, die am Universitätsspital Basel wegen einer Fraktur nach Niederenergietrauma behandelt wurden. Im persönlichen Gespräch konnte das FLS Team die Osteoporoserisikofaktoren erheben und eine ggf. bereits durchgeführte Osteoporosediagnostik oder -therapie erfragen. Auf dieser Basis wurden das individuelle Frakturrisiko errechnet und der Bedarf an weiterer Osteoporosediagnostik oder -therapie festgelegt.

Resultate Das grosse, heterogene Kollektiv von Patienten mit Altersfraktur konnte auf diese Art in kleinere Patientengruppen mit jeweils ähnlichen Abklärungsbedürfnissen aufgeteilt werden. Dabei wurden 21 % der Patienten als bereits ausreichend abgeklärt und behandelt erkannt. Bei weiteren 67 % der Patienten konnten Massnahmen zur sekundären Frakturprävention bedarfsgerecht eingeleitet werden.

Schlussfolgerung Mit unserem FLS Modell konnte die Versorgungslücke auf 12 % der Patienten verringert werden.
Zusammenhang zwischen Sarkopenie und Knochendichte – eine Querschnittsuntersuchung mit Männern 72 Jahre + mit Sarkopenie
Authors: Kemmler Wolfgang , Straub Regina , Kohl Matthias , von Stengel Simon
Published: May 2019

Ziel der Untersuchung war es, den Zusammenhang zwischen Sarkopenie und Osteoporose bei älteren Männern zu erfassen.

Selbstständig lebende Männer, 72 Jahre + mit einer morphometrischen Sarkopenie (n = 78), wurden in die Untersuchung eingeschlossen. Mittels multipler Regressionsanalyse wurde insb. der Erklärungsbeitrag der Sarkopeniekriterien wie „Handkraft“, „Gehgeschwindigkeit“ und „skelettaler Muskelmassenindex“ auf die Knochendichte (BMD) an LWS und Hüfte (tHip) untersucht. Daneben wurden Unterschiede für die BMD zwischen Sarkopenie und Prä-Sarkopenie evaluiert.

In der Analyse wurden geringe aber signifikante Erklärungsbeiträge der Größen „fettfreie Masse“ (r2 = .06, p = .001) und „Körperfettanteil“ (r2 = .04, p = .011) auf die BMD-tHip erfasst. Als finaler Parameter der Regressionsanalyse für die BMD-LWS verblieb die Gehgeschwindigkeit, die allerdings keinen relevanten Erklärungsbeitrag (r2 = .03, p = .113) liefert. Unterschiede für die BMD an LWS und Hüfte zwischen Männern mit Sarkopenie vs. Prä-Sarkopenie wurden nicht erfasst (p ≥ .95).

Für selbstständig lebende Männer 72 Jahre + mit morphometrischer (Prä-Sarkopenie) oder morphometrisch-funktioneller Sarkopenie scheint kein erhöhtes Osteoporose-Risiko zu bestehen.
Klimawandel in der thorakalen Onkologie
Authors: Schumann C. , Reinmuth N.
Published: May 2019

In den letzten Jahren haben sich die Diagnose und die medizinische Behandlung von Lungenkarzinompatienten erheblich gewandelt. Auch wenn die Mehrzahl der Patienten weiterhin nicht von der Erkrankung geheilt wird, so können durch verschiedene, klug abgestimmte Therapieansätze eine deutlich längere Krankheitskontrolle und stark verlängerte Überlebenszeiten als noch vor wenigen Jahren erreicht werden. Diese Entwicklung ist nicht nur durch medizinische, sondern auch zahlreiche politische und organisatorische Aspekte charakterisiert. Diese verschiedenen Ebenen, die klinischen Konsequenzen und die resultierenden Herausforderungen werden im Folgenden kurz skizziert.
Ultra-low noise magnetic field for quantum gases
Authors: Xu Xiao-Tian , Wang Zong-Yao , Jiao Rui-Heng , Yi Chang-Rui , Sun Wei , Chen Shuai
Published: May 2019

A ultralow noise magnetic field is essential for many branches of scientific research. Examples include experiments conducted on ultracold atoms, quantum simulations, and precision measurements. In ultracold atom experiments specifically, a bias magnetic field will often serve as a quantization axis and be applied for Zeeman splitting. As atomic states are usually sensitive to magnetic fields, a magnetic field characterized by ultralow noise as well as high stability is typically required for experimentation. For this study, a bias magnetic field is successfully stabilized at 14.5 G, with the root mean square value of the noise reduced to 18.5 μG (1.28 ppm) by placing μ-metal magnetic shields together with a dynamical feedback circuit. Long-time instability is also regulated consistently below 7 μG. The level of noise exhibited in the bias magnetic field is further confirmed by evaluating the coherence time of a Bose-Einstein condensate characterized by Rabi oscillation. It is concluded that this approach can be applied to other physical systems as well.
Global turbulence simulations of the tokamak edge region with GRILLIX
Authors: Stegmeir A. , Ross A. , Body T. , Francisquez M. , Zholobenko W. , Coster D. , Maj O. , Manz P. , Jenko F. , Rogers B. N. , Kang K. S.
Published: May 2019

Turbulent dynamics in the scrape-off layer of magnetic fusion devices is intermittent with large fluctuations in density and pressure. Therefore, a model is required that allows perturbations of similar or even larger magnitude to the time-averaged background value. The fluid-turbulence code GRILLIX is extended to such a global model, which consistently accounts for large variation in plasma parameters. Derived from the drift reduced Braginskii equations, the new GRILLIX model includes electromagnetic and electron-thermal dynamics, retains global parametric dependencies and the Boussinesq approximation is not applied. The penalization technique is combined with the flux-coordinate independent approach [F. Hariri and M. Ottaviani, Comput. Phys. Commun. 184, 2419 (2013) and A. Stegmeir et al., Comput. Phys. Commun. 198, 139 (2016)], which allows to study realistic diverted geometries with X-point(s) and general boundary contours. We characterize results from turbulence simulations and investigate the effect of geometry by comparing simulations in circular geometry with toroidal limiter against realistic diverted geometry at otherwise comparable parameters. Turbulence is found to be intermittent with relative fluctuation levels of up to 40% showing that a global description is indeed important. At the same time via direct comparison, we find that the Boussinesq approximation has only a small quantitative impact in a turbulent environment. In comparison to circular geometry, the fluctuations are reduced in diverted geometry, which is related to a different zonal flow structure. Moreover, the fluctuation level has a more complex spatial distribution in diverted geometry. Due to local magnetic shear, which differs fundamentally in circular and diverted geometries, turbulent structures become strongly distorted in the perpendicular direction and are eventually damped away toward the X-point.