bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Changes in Boreal Forests Can Be Quantified Using Terrestrial Laser Scanning
Authors: Yrttimaa Tuomas , Luoma Ville , Saarinen Ninni , Kankare Ville , Junttila Samuli , Holopainen Markus , Hyyppä Juha , Vastaranta Mikko
Published: July 2020

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) has been adopted as a feasible technique to digitize trees and forest stands, providing accurate information on tree and forest structural attributes. However, there is limited understanding on how a variety of forest structural changes can be quantified using TLS in boreal forest conditions. In this study, we assessed the accuracy and feasibility of TLS in quantifying changes in the structure of boreal forests. We collected TLS data and field reference from 37 sample plots in 2014 (T1) and 2019 (T2). Tree stems typically have planar, vertical, and cylindrical characteristics in a point cloud, and thus we applied surface normal filtering, point cloud clustering, and RANSAC-cylinder filtering to identify these geometries and to characterize trees and forest stands at both time points. The results strengthened the existing knowledge that TLS has the capacity to characterize trees and forest stands in space and showed that TLS could characterize structural changes in time in boreal forest conditions. Root-mean-square-errors (RMSEs) in the estimates for changes in the tree attributes were 0.99-1.22 cm for diameter at breast height (Δdbh), 44.14-55.49 cm2 for basal area (Δg), and 1.91-4.85 m for tree height (Δh). In general, tree attributes were estimated more accurately for Scots pine trees, followed by Norway spruce and broadleaved trees. At the forest stand level, an RMSE of 0.60-1.13 cm was recorded for changes in basal area-weighted mean diameter (ΔDg), 0.81-2.26 m for changes in basal area-weighted mean height (ΔHg), 1.40-2.34 m2/ha for changes in mean basal area (ΔG), and 74-193 n/ha for changes in the number of trees per hectare (ΔTPH). The plot-level accuracy was higher in Scots pine-dominated sample plots than in Norway spruce-dominated and mixed-species sample plots. TLS-derived tree and forest structural attributes at time points T1 and T2 differed significantly from each other (p < 0.05). If there was an increase or decrease in dbh, g, h, height of the crown base, crown ratio, Dg, Hg, or G recorded in the field, a similar outcome was achieved by using TLS. Our results provided new information on the feasibility of TLS for the purposes of forest ecosystem growth monitoring.
Overtopping Metrics and Coastal Safety: A Case of Study from the Catalan Coast
Authors: Altomare Corrado , Gironella Xavi , Suzuki Tomohiro , Viccione Giacomo , Saponieri Alessandra
Published: July 2020

Design criteria for coastal defenses exposed to wave overtopping are usually assessed by mean overtopping discharges and maximum individual overtopping volumes. However, it is often difficult to give clear and precise limits of tolerable overtopping for all kind of layouts. A few studies analyzed the relationship between wave overtopping flows and hazard levels for people on sea dikes, confirming that one single value of admissible mean discharge or individual overtopping volume is not a sufficient indicator of the hazard, but detailed characterization of flow velocities and depths is required. This work presents the results of an experimental campaign aiming at characterizing the flow characteristics associated to maximum individual overtopping volumes for an urbanized stretch of a town along the Catalan coast, where a walking and bike path and a railway run along the coastline are exposed to significant overtopping events every stormy season. The work compares different safety criteria for pedestrian. Results prove that safety of pedestrian on a sea dike can be still guaranteed even for overtopping volumes larger than 1000 l/m. Pedestrian hazard is rather proved to be linked to the combination of overtopping flow velocity and flow depth.
Removal of Heavy Metals from Stormwater Using Porous Concrete Pavement
Authors: Rahman Kalimur , Barua Saurav , Anwar Md. Shibly , Hasan Md. Zakir , Islam Saiful
Published: July 2020

This study aimed to investigate the heavy metals, i.e. Cu, Pb, Ni, and Zn removal efficiency from stormwater runoff of a porous concrete pavement (PCP). A model of PCP was designed with the porosity and co-efficient of permeability of the pavement were 27.2% and 1.83 cm/sec, respectively. Artificial stormwater containing heavy metals are passed through the pavement at a constant rainfall rate to mimic the stormwater rainfall-runoff condition. The artificial stormwater infiltrated through the pavement were then collected at two different pavement layers at different time instances. From the experimental investigations, it is observed that Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn concentrations are significantly reduced in the treated stormwater. At the first collection point which is located below the sub-base layer and coarse sand layer of the pavement, the concentrations of Cu, Pb and Zn reduced 56%, 67% and 93% respectively compared to their initial concentration, Ni concentration reduced only 20%. At the second collection point which is located below the coarse and fine sand layers beneath the pavement, the concentrations of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Ni are reduced 92%, 89%, 100%, 100%, respectively.
Psychological Factors of Myocardial Infarction: Prospects for Clinical and Psychological Research
Authors: Kadyrov R. V. , Elzesser A. S. , Bartkovskaia N. S.
Published: July 2020

This article is a review of empirical studies on the topic of psychological characteristics that contribute to the incidence of myocardial infarction. Such studies are fragmented and deal mostly with the following categories: mental states, patient’s mental processes, symptoms of mental disorders, behavioral strategies, social factors, etc. The research objective was to analyze the results of empirical studies on the myocardial patients' psychological characteristics. The authors identified difficulties and contradictions in the studies. Diagnostic capabilities of type A proved no longer relevant. An analysis of the contradictions in type D studies suggested that longitudinal studies based on a initially healthy people would prove most effective for further research, as well as detailed meta-analyzes of empirical publications. The role of hostility in the genesis of myocardial infarction proved understudied by domestic scientists. As for anxiety in patients with myocardial infarction, it received enough scientific attention; however, researches do not agree about role in the development of myocardial infarction. To reduce psychological risks during cardiovascular diseases, it is necessary to determine what conditions and factors accelerate or inhibit the onset of myocardial infarction when combined with personal anxiety. The authors propose to use the following samples: 1) patients with a risk of a heart attack; 2) patients after a heart attack; 3) patients past rehabilitation period. The findings indicate promising areas for future research for the prevention of myocardial infarction.
The Modal Categories of Obligation and Necessity in Linguistics: the Identical, the Different, or the Included
Authors: Khannanova D. M.
Published: July 2020

The article describes the most inconsistent and contradictory modal categories of obligation and necessity presented in linguistics. Many scientific papers have been devoted to the study of modality in general and its particular varieties. Interest in its research is caused by the increased attention to the role of language as a means of communication and individualization of the human thought and speech process. The relevance of the problem is also in line with the general trend of improving, ordering, and systematizing the conceptual and terminological apparatus of linguistics. Subjective modality has a multiple semantics, various means of expression, and a number of possible relationships between form and content in the process of speech functioning. These characteristics result in contradictory and confusing interpretations of these categories in science. The research objective was to determine the content basis of these modalities and show how they are interdependent. The study was based on the methods of analysis, comparison, and generalization. The article focuses on the relationship between obligation and necessity in the general field of modality, as well as on their linguistic nature. The types of unreal modality proved to be different varieties of modality with a common area of semantics and use. The author generalized an extensive theoretical material on the categories of obligation and necessity, identified their meanings, and provided a basis for further research. The results of the analysis can also be used in courses of theoretical and applied philology.
Drought and households’ adaptive capacity to water scarcity in Kasali, Uganda
Authors: Mukasa Joseph , Olaka Lydia , Yahya Said Mohammed
Published: July 2020

The world is experiencing variability in precipitation, increased temperature, drought frequencies and intensities. Globally, approximately four billion individuals experience water scarcity due to drought. In Uganda about 10% of the population in the southern and northern parts of the country experience drought related water scarcity annually. This study aimed at assessing drought and households’ adaptive capacity (AC) to water scarcity during drought in Kasali. This was done through determining drought trends from 1987 to 2017, assessing the impact of drought on water availability and the AC of households to manage water scarcity. Droughts were assessed based on the Reconnaissance Drought Index (RDI). The results show a decrease in the average annual rainfall, and the seasons of March-April-May (MAM), January-February (JF) while the seasons of September-October-November-December (SOND) and June-July-August (JJA) show an increase in rainfall trend. The average maximum and minimum annual and seasonal temperature increased significantly by between 0.56 and 1.51 °C. The minimum temperature increased more than the maximum temperature. Kasali experienced one extreme dry year and four moderate ones between 1987 and 2017. Above 70% of the households spend longer hours collecting water during dry years than wet years. The AC of households to water scarcity was low and drought negatively impacted water availability.
Climate change and its influence on design rainfall at-site in New South Wales State, Australia
Authors: Hajani Evan
Published: July 2020

Quantification of rainfall is needed for planning, designing and operation of water engineering projects. Although there is lot of research on design rainfall in the literature, there is a lack of research considering the impact of climate change on design rainfall. This study focuses on the assessment of the impact of climate changes on design rainfall using data from New South Wales (NSW), Australia. Future stationary and non-stationary intensity–frequency–duration (IFD) curves have been estimated using generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. The maximum-likelihood estimation method is employed to estimate the parameters of the GEV models. It has been found that the consideration of the climatic change on the rainfall data of the selected station confirms that the simulation exhibits non-stationary behaviour on the IFD curve data. In addition, the results show that when the future period increases, the relative differences between the stationary and non-stationary IFD curves generally increase. Comparison of the new IFD curves estimated in this study with the Australian Rainfall and Runoff (ARR) IFD curves demonstrates that there is a better match between the ARR IFD curves and the new stationary IFD curves compared with the non-stationary IFD curves.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Targeting Retinal Diseases
Authors: Sorrentino Francesco Saverio , Jurman Giuseppe , De Nadai Katia , Campa Claudio , Furlanello Cesare , Parmeggiani Francesco
Published: July 2020

Retinal diseases affect an increasing number of patients worldwide because of the aging population. Request for diagnostic imaging in ophthalmology is ramping up, while the number of specialists keeps shrinking. Cutting-edge technology embedding artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms are thus advocated to help ophthalmologists perform their clinical tasks as well as to provide a source for the advancement of novel biomarkers. In particular, optical coherence tomography (OCT) evaluation of the retina can be augmented by algorithms based on machine learning and deep learning to early detect, qualitatively localize and quantitatively measure epi/intra/subretinal abnormalities or pathological features of macular or neural diseases. In this paper, we discuss the use of AI to facilitate efficacy and accuracy of retinal imaging in those diseases increasingly treated by intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors (i.e. anti-VEGF drugs), also including integration and interpretation features in the process. We review recent advances by AI in diabetic retinopathy, age-related macular degeneration, and retinopathy of prematurity that envision a potentially key role of highly automated systems in screening, early diagnosis, grading and individualized therapy. We discuss benefits and critical aspects of automating the evaluation of disease activity, recurrences, the timing of retreatment and therapeutically potential novel targets in ophthalmology. The impact of massive employment of AI to optimize clinical assistance and encourage tailored therapies for distinct patterns of retinal diseases is also discussed.
Micro-Arc Zn- and Ag-Containing Coatings for Implants with Complex Porous Architecture Obtained by 3D Printing Method from Titanium Alloy
Authors: Sharkeev Yu. P. , Sedelnikova M. B. , Tolkacheva T. V. , Shcheglova N. A. , Panchenko A. A. , Krasovsky I. B. , Solomatina М. V. , Efimenko M. V. , Pavlov V. V. , Cherdantseva L. A. , Kirilova I. A.
Published: July 2020

Relevance. The creation of porous three-dimensional materials for bone defects compensation and its subsequent regeneration is an important direction of medical materials science. The key issue in the interaction of an implant and bone tissue is the surface properties of the implant.The purpose of the study is to evaluate the physicochemical properties and compatibility of tissues of a living organism and porous implants with calcium phosphate Zn- and Ag-containing formed by microarc oxidation.Materials and Methods. Implants with various types of porous structure were made by direct laser sintering of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V powders. The calcium phosphate coatings, including Zn- and Ag-containing, were formed on the implants surface by microarc oxidation.Results. Coatings, deposited in electrolytes of various compositions, were uniformly distributed over the implants mesh structure. The phase composition of Zn-containing coatings, deposited in the acidic electrolyte, was represented by amorphous calcium phosphates. Ag-containing coatings, deposited in the alkaline electrolyte, had an amorphous-crystalline structure, the crystalline phase of which was identified as tricalcium phosphate in the α and β modifications. The samples of extracts of calcium phosphate Zn and Ag-containing coatings were co-cultured with pFb line of the human postnatal fibroblasts for 48 hours at 37°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere. The MTT test revealed a high metabolic activity of the co-cultured fibroblasts in comparison with the fibroblasts of control.Conclusion. The pFb line of the human postnatal fibroblasts retained their viability for 48 hours of co-culturing with calcium-phosphate Zn- and Ag-containing coatings. The tested product and its components did not negatively affect the cellular respiration. However, further studies are needed to determine the rate of bioresorption and the degree of antibacterial activity of calcium-phosphate Zn- and Ag-containing coatings.
Immersive Virtual Reality for the Reduction of State Anxiety in Clinical Interview Exams: Prospective Cohort Study (Preprint)
Authors: Concannon Brendan Joseph , Esmail Shaniff , Roduta Roberts Mary
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

Immersive virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted display was used to determine if clinical interview simulation could reduce the anxiety levels of first-year occupational therapy (OT) students as they prepared for upcoming Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs). Anxiety among health science students is a potential problem that may diminish their performance during OSCEs. This investigation aimed to fill the gap in the literature regarding the effectiveness of VR to reduce anxiety in OT students.

OBJECTIVE

This investigation aimed to uncover the effectiveness of immersive VR in reducing state anxiety in OT students who were preparing for OSCEs.

METHODS

A prospective, experimental, nonrandomized controlled trial compared levels of state anxiety, test anxiety, and academic self-efficacy in two groups of first-year OT students; these levels were measured at four different time points by self-reported psychometric scales, analyzed with a mixed factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Members of Phase 1 (NoVR) were not exposed to the VR simulation and acted as a control group for members of Phase 2 (YesVR), who were exposed to the VR simulation. VR simulation featured a virtual clinic and a standardized patient who students could interview in natural language. Measures of student study strategies and previous experience with VR were also recorded.

RESULTS

A total of 49 participants—29 in the NoVR group and 20 in the YesVR group—showed that state anxiety had a rise-then-fall trend, peaking at the time point just before the OSCE. At that point, the YesVR students showed significantly less state anxiety than did the NoVR students (t46.19=2.34, P=.02, Cohen d=0.65, ηp2=0.105). The mean difference was 6.78 units (95% CI 0.96-12.61). In similar trends for both groups, student test anxiety remained relatively static across the time points, while academic self-efficacy continually increased. A moderate positive correlation was found for total time spent studying and peak state anxiety (NoVR r=.46, n=28, P=.01; YesVR r=.52, n=19, P=.02).

CONCLUSIONS

This investigation shows evidence of immersive VR’s capability to reduce state anxiety in OT students preparing for clinical practical exams. Immersive VR simulation, used for the reduction of anxiety in health science students, can potentially lead to a future of positive mental health change from the virtual to the real world.
COVID-19 Outcome Prediction and Monitoring Solution for Military Hospitals in South Korea: Development and Evaluation of an Application (Preprint)
Authors: Heo JoonNyung , Park Ji Ae , Han Deokjae , Kim Hyung-Jun , Ahn Daeun , Ha Beomman , Seog Woong , Park Yu Rang
Published: July 2020

BACKGROUND

COVID-19 has officially been declared as a pandemic, and the spread of the virus is placing sustained demands on public health systems. There are speculations that the COVID-19 mortality differences between regions are due to the disparities in the availability of medical resources. Therefore, the selection of patients for diagnosis and treatment is essential in this situation. Military personnel are especially at risk for infectious diseases; thus, patient selection with an evidence-based prognostic model is critical for them.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to assess the usability of a novel platform used in the military hospitals in Korea to gather data and deploy patient selection solutions for COVID-19.

METHODS

The platform’s structure was developed to provide users with prediction results and to use the data to enhance the prediction models. Two applications were developed: a patient’s application and a physician’s application. The primary outcome was requiring an oxygen supplement. The outcome prediction model was developed with patients from four centers. A Cox proportional hazards model was developed. The outcome of the model for the patient’s application was the length of time from the date of hospitalization to the date of the first oxygen supplement use. The demographic characteristics, past history, patient symptoms, social history, and body temperature were considered as risk factors. A usability study with the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ) was conducted on the physician’s application on 50 physicians.

RESULTS

The patient’s application and physician’s application were deployed on the web for wider availability. A total of 246 patients from four centers were used to develop the outcome prediction model. A small percentage (n=18, 7.32%) of the patients needed professional care. The variables included in the developed prediction model were age; body temperature; predisease physical status; history of cardiovascular disease; hypertension; visit to a region with an outbreak; and symptoms of chills, feverishness, dyspnea, and lethargy. The overall C statistic was 0.963 (95% CI 0.936-0.99), and the time-dependent area under the receiver operating characteristic curve ranged from 0.976 at day 3 to 0.979 at day 9. The usability of the physician’s application was good, with an overall average of the responses to the PSSUQ being 2.2 (SD 1.1).

CONCLUSIONS

The platform introduced in this study enables evidence-based patient selection in an effortless and timely manner, which is critical in the military. With a well-designed user experience and an accurate prediction model, this platform may help save lives and contain the spread of the novel virus, COVID-19.
Squeezing metrology: a unified framework
Authors: Maccone Lorenzo , Riccardi Alberto
Published: July 2020

Quantum metrology theory has up to now focused on the resolution gains obtainable thanks to the entanglement among N probes. Typically, a quadratic gain in resolution is achievable, going from the 1/N of the central limit theorem to the 1/N of the Heisenberg bound. Here we focus instead on quantum squeezing and provide a unified framework for metrology with squeezing, showing that, similarly, one can generally attain a quadratic gain when comparing the resolution achievable by a squeezed probe to the best N-probe classical strategy achievable with the same energy. Namely, here we give a quantification of the Heisenberg squeezing bound for arbitrary estimation strategies that employ squeezing. Our theory recovers known results (e.g. in quantum optics and spin squeezing), but it uses the general theory of squeezing and holds for arbitrary quantum systems.
The Platonic solids and fundamental tests of quantum mechanics
Authors: Tavakoli Armin , Gisin Nicolas
Published: July 2020

The Platonic solids is the name traditionally given to the five regular convex polyhedra, namely the tetrahedron, the octahedron, the cube, the icosahedron and the dodecahedron. Perhaps strongly boosted by the towering historical influence of their namesake, these beautiful solids have, in well over two millennia, transcended traditional boundaries and entered the stage in a range of disciplines. Examples include natural philosophy and mathematics from classical antiquity, scientific modeling during the days of the European scientific revolution and visual arts ranging from the renaissance to modernity. Motivated by mathematical beauty and a rich history, we consider the Platonic solids in the context of modern quantum mechanics. Specifically, we construct Bell inequalities whose maximal violations are achieved with measurements pointing to the vertices of the Platonic solids. These Platonic Bell inequalities are constructed only by inspecting the visible symmetries of the Platonic solids. We also construct Bell inequalities for more general polyhedra and find a Bell inequality that is more robust to noise than the celebrated Clauser-Horne-Shimony-Holt Bell inequality. Finally, we elaborate on the tension between mathematical beauty, which was our initial motivation, and experimental friendliness, which is necessary in all empirical sciences.
AS DINÂMICAS EDUCATIVAS EM MOÇAMBIQUE: OBJECTIVOS E PERSPECTIVAS
Authors: Papel Timoteo Gentil
Published: July 2020

O presente artigo aborda sobre As Dinâmicas Educativas em Moçambique: Objectivos e Perspectivas. Recorreu-se ao método de pesquisa bibliográfica de modo a agregar maior teor e rigor a esse conhecimento. Embora a educação em Moçambique tenha percorrido várias fases ao longo da sua história, ela enfrenta ainda hoje vários desafios que precisam de ser vencidos. O sector educativo deve alcançar uma independência económica, o que vai conferir uma autonomia de modo a levar a cabo as suas actividades e proporcionar uma educação de qualidade aos moçambicanos, pois apenas uma educação adequada pode formar homens de qualidade para uma nação. É preciso que o Governo Moçambicano conceba uma educação na linha da criatividade que leva à criação da obra, incidindo sobre os conhecimentos dialécticos e na reflexão do Homem sobre si mesmo e sobre a sociedade, pois esta educação “criativa” é inovadora, porque é essencialmente antropológica e pressupõe um clima de máxima liberdade, o que na linguagem de Habermas é uma educação emancipatória. E não da reprodutividade, porque essa é uma educação de necessidade, isto é, um movimento de repetição, mesmo quando a sua repetição se aproxima da obra original.
ESCOLA DA INFÂNCIA, CIDADE E DEMOCRACIA: EM BUSCA DO EXERCÍCIO DA CIDADANIA INFANTIL
Authors: Canavieira Fabiana Oliveira , Coelho Olivia Pires
Published: July 2020

Este artigo é um diálogo entre perspectivas que pensam a educação das crianças em articulação com a visibilidade e a garantia do direito ao espaço urbano das cidades. Trata- se de um recorte da tese de doutorado de Canavieira (2019) que aborda concepções e práticas democráticas na Educação Infantil. Partimos dos estudos de Sennett (2016 e 2016), Lefebvre (2001), Lopes (2006 e 2018), tendo como objetivo principal evidenciar concepções que catalisam a integração dos bebês e das crianças pequenas na cidade, através das instituições de Educação Infantil e a relação espaço público e político. Defendemos as possibilidades de territorialização das crianças no espaço urbano como exercício da prática democrática e da cidadania e a potência da Educação Infantil nesse processo, problematizando os elementos do processo de desterritorialização do corpo infantil no espaço público. Para tanto, discutimos a ideia de território educativo cunhado na realidade da Educação Infantil Paulistana. Defendemos que a intencionalidade político-pedagógica ancorada em princípios democráticos pode garantir às crianças pequenas o direito à cidade, e a formação de corpos, mentes e subjetividades cidadãs.
Diet of a rare Canadian fish species, Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus) in the Birch River, Manitoba, Canada
Authors: Enders Eva C. , Nagalingam Tharshinidevy , Caskenette Amanda L. , Rudolfsen Tyana A. , Charles Colin , Watkinson Douglas A.
Published: July 2020

Due to its restricted occurrence and existing threats, Carmine Shiner (Notropis percobromus) has been listed as threatened under the Canadian Species at Risk Act. Little is known about Carmine Shiner biology, and understanding its diet composition will help inform future conservation actions. Consequently, the aim of this study was to analyze the diet of Carmine Shiner. Fish were caught throughout the open water season using beach seines, and stomach contents were analyzed. Carmine Shiner feed on a variety of terrestrial and aquatic insects. Diets did not differ substantially between year classes, and we observed no clear temporal trends in diet composition.
Decision Platform for Pattern Discovery and Causal Effect Estimation in Contraceptive Discontinuation
Authors: Cintas Celia , Raghavendra Ramya , Akinwande Victor , Walcott-Bryant Aisha , Wayua Charity , Weldemariam Komminist
Published: July 2020

Contraceptive use improves the health of women and children in several ways, yet data shows high rates of discontinuation which is not well understood. We introduce an AI-based decision platform capable of analyzing event data to identify patterns of contraceptive uptake that are unique to a subpopulation of interest. These discriminatory patterns provide valuable, interpretable insights to policy-makers. The sequences then serve as a hypothesis for downstream causal analysis to estimate the effect of specific variables on discontinuation outcomes. Our platform presents a way to visualize, stratify, compare, and perform a causal analysis on covariates that determine contraceptive uptake behavior, and yet is general enough to be extended to a variety of applications.
Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia untuk Generasi Milenial
Authors: Anwar M. Shoim , Pramujiono Agung , Astuti Sri Budi , Ardianti Mimas
Published: July 2020

Generasi milenial adalah mereka yang lahir antara awal tahun 1980 hingga awal 2000-an. Sejalan dengan revolusi industri 4.0, ciri utama mereka adalah sulit melepaskan aktivitasnya dengan perangkat komputer beserta program dan aplikasi di dalamnya. Kondisi ini menjadikan pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, termasuk sastra di dalamnya, harus menyesuaikan diri dengan perkembangan teknologi digital dengan jaringan internet, khususnya terkait  media dan bahan pembelajaran. Karakter dan nilai-nilai positif pada generasi milenial  harus tetap dijaga, khususnya pada penggunaan bahasa di media sosial. Guru bahasa Indonesia harus menjadikan mereka sebagai mitra belajar dengan mengedepankan tumbuhnya sikap kritis, kreatif, inovatif, komunikatif, kolaboratif, serta menghargai perbedaan sebagai konsekuensi lintas budaya.
Câncer de colo uterino em idosas: revisão de literatura
Authors: Green Márcia Cristina Taveira Pucci , Carvalho Giovana Ferreira de , Migliari Alessandra Bassinello , Pereira Anrela Urbiola
Published: July 2020

Objetivo: Realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a epidemiologia do câncer de colo uterino em idosas e a realização dos exames nessa população. Revisão bibliográfica: Em estudos no Brasil e em outros países do mundo, houve concordância que é um câncer mais incidente em mulheres pardas, casadas, com baixa escolaridade e com baixo nível socioeconômico. Os estágios mais avançados dessa doença estão relacionados à maior idade e o diagnóstico é dificultado devido características anatômicas específicas dessa população, aos padrões de comportamento, desinformação e falta de capacitação profissional para lidar com a população idosa. Considerações finais: Não há indicadores exatos sobre neoplasia cervical em idosas em razão das dificuldades na realização do diagnóstico e a má adesão das idosas a esse exame. Todavia, devido ao aumento da longevidade associada à maior exposição aos fatores de risco e maior propensão ao câncer, torna-se importante o direcionamento da anamnese e realização do exame ginecológico nessa faixa etária.
Evolution of liquid chromatography: Technologies and applications
Authors: Durai Ananda Kumar T  , Sai Charan  , Venkateswarlu A  , Supriya Reddy K
Published: July 2020

Liquid chromatographic offers efficient analyte separation employing high pressure pumps. The reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) is widely utilized in the purity testing and quantitative determination of pharmaceuticals and neutraceuticals. The limitations of traditional liquid chromatography such as particle size, resolution and selectivity demanded for the developments and Waters Corporation developed ultraperformance liquid chromatography (UPLC). Ultrafast liquid chromatography (UFLC) is another milestone, which offers faster and efficient separation. Multidimensional UHPLC provides separation of complex molecules. The particle size decrease enhances the resolution of LC separation. Ethylene bridged hybrid (BEH), Charged surface hybrid (CSH) and Peptide separation technology (PST) offer better performance in. The amalgamation of chromatographic and spectroscopic detectors namely fluorescence detector (FD) and mass spectrometry (MS) provides efficient separation. Liquid chromatography (LC) offers the analysis of pharmaceuticals, biological, food materials, and natural products. This review covers technologies and recent pharmaceutical and biomedical applications of liquid chromatography technologies
Application of titanium dioxide barrier layers for the ferromagnetic/ferroelectric multiferroics formation
Authors: Stognij A. I. , Sharko S. A. , Serokurova A. I. , Novitskii N. N. , Poddubnaya N. N. , Ketsko V. A.
Published: July 2020

The layered multiferroics Co/PZT were obtained by ion-beam sputtering-deposition method, where PZT is a ferroelectric ceramic based on lead titanate zirconate of the composition PbZr0.45Ti0.55O3 with a thermostable plane-parallel ferroelectric/ferromagnet interface. Using cross-sectional scanning electron microscopy (SEM), we studied the interface of a cobalt layer up to several micrometers thick with a thick ceramic substrate of lead zirconate titanate. It has been shown that the use of a titanium dioxide barrier layer of TiO2 instead of PZT allows quality improvement of the interface by reducing the duration of ion-beam planarization of the ferroelectric substrate, and also to eliminate the formation of intermediate chemical compounds. Based on the data of X-ray phase analysis (XRD), it was concluded that the TiO2 layer is amorphous. Magnetoelectric measurements have shown that the use of titanium dioxide instead of PZT under appropriate planarization modes can increase the low-frequency magnetoelectric effect to 5 mV/(cm∙Ое), compared with structures with a sputtering planarizing layer of PZT, where the magnitude of the low-frequency magnetoelectric effect is 2 mV/(cm∙Оe). These results allow us to improve the characteristics of these structures when used as sensitive elements in devices for formation – processing of information and magnetic field sensors based on the magnetoelectric effect.
Pendampingan Kader Menggunakan Kartu Aksi Gizi Meningkatkan Pola Asuh Ibu
Authors: Putra Egy Sunanda
Published: July 2020

AbstrakLatar Belakang. Masalah gizi masih menjadi pusat perhatian di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Pada tahun 2030 tujuan utama Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) adalah mengakhiri segala masalah malnutrisi. Pola asuh ibu balita berdampak pada pertumbuhan dan perkembangan balita. Kondisi ini harus menjadi perhatian khusus, mengingat bahwa kecukupan gizi dari asupan makan sangat berkaitan erat dengan status gizi balita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pendampingan gizi oleh kader menggunakan kartu aksi gizi terhadap peningkatan pola asuh ibu balita. Metode. Desain penelitian pre eksperimental pre and post test only design menggunakan media kartu aksi gizi dengan sampel penelitian ibu balita beerjumlah 84 orang posyandu di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Tahtul Yaman. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara wawancara terhadap ibu balita dengan menggunakan kartu aksi gizi. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah paired t-test dan regresi logistik ganda. Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada peningkatan pola asuh ibu (b=4,190; p=0,0001). Analisis multivariat menunjukan umur ibu (OR=3,59; p=0.009), dan pendidikan ibu (OR=3.25; p=0,016) berpengaruh terhadap pola asuh ibu. Kesimpulan. Kartu Aksi Gizi meningkatkan pola asuh ibu balita. Umur ibu dan pendidikan ibu merupakan faktor dominan yang berpengaruh terhadap pola asuh ibu balita.
HELMINTH PARASITES OF GOATS AND SHEEP AT SLAUGHTER HOUSE IN LAFIA, NASARAWA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Aliyu A. A. , Maikenti J. I. , Aimankhu O. P. , Ayuba S. O. , Ahmed H. O. , Haruna A. , Idris Abdulrazak Muhammad
Published: July 2020

Helminth parasites have been recognized as one of the major constraints to both goat and sheep production in Nigeria and other developing countries. A study aimed to determine helminth parasites of goats and sheep at slaughter in Lafia from June to July 2019. Two hundred fecal samples were collected and analyzed from 100 goats and 100 sheep using the direct smear method. The fecal sample examined revealed an overall prevalence of 155(77.5%), with goat having 80(80.0%), sheep 75(75.0%). Thirteen helminth parasites were found with nematode the most prevalent 103(66.5%), trematode had 35(22.6%), and cestode the least with 17(10.1%) and there was a statistically significant difference among the parasites (P<0.001). According to sex, females 59(43.7%) were more infected than males 25(38.5%) and there was a statistically significant difference (P<0.001). Age of sampled animals (Goat and Sheep) shows that <1 year had 28(18.1%), younger animals within the ages of <2 years 65(41.9%) were more infected with helminth parasites than adult animals from <3 years (13.5%) and >33 had 25(16.1%) and there was no statistically significant difference in age (P>0.312). According to breeds, the West African dwarf goats and sheep were more infected 104(52%), the Fulani breeds 73(36.5%) and the least was Balami sheep with 13(6.5%), Uda goat 10(5%) and there was a statistically significant difference among the breeds (P<0.001). This study revealed a high prevalence of helminth parasites of goat and sheep at slaughter in Lafia which may reduce productivity. It is recommended that goats and sheep be dewormed regularly.
Comparison of Electronic Length Frequency Analysis (ELEFAN) for Estimation of Growth Parameters for Lollyfish, Holothuria (Holothuria) atra and Sand Sea Cucumber, Holothuria (Thymiosycia) arenicola (Holothuroidea: Echinodermata) in the North Arabian Sea, Pakistan
Authors: AHMED Quratulan , BİLGİN Sabri , ALİ Qadeer Mohammad
Published: July 2020

To estimate the growth parameters, the non-seasonal von Bertalanffy and Hoenig seasonal von Bertalanffy models were fitted to the length frequency data of Holothuria atra and H. arenicola obtained from coastal areas of Karachi in the northern Arabian Sea, Pakistan between January and December 2014. The Hoenig seasonal von Bertalanffy growth parameters were estimated as L∞=36.1 cm total length (TL), K=0.75 year-1 for H. atra and as L∞=34.9 cm TL, K=0.70 year-1 for H. arenicola. H. atra individuals reached 73.9% of their maximum total length at the one year old. For H. arenicola it was calculated as 72.7%. Monthly mean growth rate of H. atra at the same ages was calculated higher than H. arenicola. The seasonal oscillation in growth rate for H. atra (C=0.50) was larger than it was for H. arenicola (C=0.37). The time of the year when the growth is slowest corresponded to the middle of April (WP=0.30) in H. atra and at the beginning of August (WP=0.60) in H. arenicola may be the result of the extended both reproduction and poor nutrition periods due to monsoonal effects on the marine environment. The relatively high growth rates (K>0.7 year-1) of these two species may have important implications for high survival rate, particularly in environmental condition where cause biological stress and marine confusion but may also increase their potential as a candidate species for aquaculture.
Concept of formation of the digital platform of the regional feed production
Authors: Sitnikov Nikolay
Published: July 2020

The article analyzes the main provisions of the departmental project "Digital Agriculture", the activities of the agro-industrial complex of the Kirov region in 2019, special attention is paid to the development of feed production, as a fundamental, defining sub-sector of agriculture, the directions for the formation of a digital platform for feed production at the regional level are proposed.
Diseases of perennial bean grasses in Western Siberia
Authors: Ashmarina Lyudmila
Published: July 2020

The directions and results of many years of research on the development and prevalence of diseases on perennial leguminous grasses (meadow clover, pannonian clover, sainfoin, sowing alfalfa) in Western Siberia are presented. A whole range of diseases was revealed, the intensity of development, which depends on weather conditions, resistance of varieties, plant age, etc.
ssMousetrack—Analysing Computerized Tracking Data via Bayesian State-Space Models in R
Authors: Calcagnì Antonio , Pastore Massimiliano , Altoé Gianmarco
Published: July 2020

Recent technological advances have provided new settings to enhance individual-based data collection and computerized-tracking data have became common in many behavioral and social research. By adopting instantaneous tracking devices such as computer-mouse, wii, and joysticks, such data provide new insights for analysing the dynamic unfolding of response process. ssMousetrack is a R package for modeling and analysing computerized-tracking data by means of a Bayesian state-space approach. The package provides a set of functions to prepare data, fit the model, and assess results via simple diagnostic checks. This paper describes the package and illustrates how it can be used to model and analyse computerized-tracking data. A case study is also included to show the use of the package in empirical case studies.
Kinetic Study in Atmospheric Pressure Organic Acid Leaching: Shrinking Core Model versus Lump Model
Authors: Wanta Kevin Cleary , Astuti Widi , Perdana Indra , Petrus Himawan Tri Bayu Murti
Published: July 2020

The kinetics study has an essential role in the scale-up process because it illustrates the real phenomena of a process. This study aims to develop a mathematical model that can explain the mechanism of the leaching process of laterite ore using a low concentration of the citric acid solution and evaluate that model using the experimental data. As a raw material, this process used powder-shaped limonite laterite ores with a size of 125–150 µm. The leaching process is carried out using 0.1 M citric acid solution, F:S ratio of 1:20, and a leaching time of 2 h. The temperature parameter was varied at 303, 333, and 358 K. The experimental results showed that the higher the operating temperature, the higher the extracted nickel. The results of this experiment were used to evaluate the shrinking core kinetics model and the lumped model. The simulation results for both models show that the lumped model can provide better simulation results. Quantitatively, the percentage of errors from the shrinking core model is around 3.5 times greater than the percentage of errors from using the lumped model. This result shows that in this leaching process, the process mechanism that occurs involves the reactant diffusion step and the chemical reactions step; those steps run simultaneously.
New Analytical Tools for Unmasking Frauds in Raw Milk-Based Dairy Products: Assessment, Validation and Application to Fiore Sardo PDO Cheese of a RP-HPLC Method for the Evaluation of the α-l-Fucosidase Activity
Authors: Dedola Alessio Silvio , Piras Luca , Addis Margherita , Pirisi Antonio , Piredda Giovanni , Mara Andrea , Sanna Gavino
Published: July 2020

The activity of α-l-fucosidase (FSC) has been measured for the first time in Fiore Sardo PDO (Protected Designation of Origin) raw milk cheese. To do this, a RP-HPLC method has been developed, validated and tested on a reliable sampling of cheese experimentally produced in laboratory batches. Three experimental factors have been considered in this work: the thermal treatment undergone by the milk, the lactation period and the ripening time of cheese. Results obtained have evidenced: (i) a meaningful reduction in the activity of FSC from cheeses produced using raw milk to those obtained by thermized milk; (ii) an increase in the activity of FSC during the first months of lactation period (from December to February), followed by a substantial constancy in the central and final months of lactation (from February to May); (iii) the enzyme activity is independent of the ripening time. This method might be useful in revealing frauds related to the use of mild thermal treatments of the milk when this is not allowed as for Fiore Sardo PDO cheese but also for several PDO cheeses for which the specifications establish that raw milk only must be used for their production.
A Fine-Grain Multi-Indicator Analysis of the Urban Form of Five Informal Settlements in East Africa
Authors: Mottelson Johan , Venerandi Alessandro
Published: July 2020

Few studies have investigated the urban morphology of informal settlements at fine-grain level, limiting effective urban planning and policies targeting such areas. This study presents a high-resolution morphological analysis of five informal settlements located in central areas of major cities in East Africa. The analysis is based on indicators of urban form, statistical comparison, and field interviews on household conditions. The method improves the replicability and increases the spatial granularity compared to previous studies. Outcomes show that all case studies are characterised by organic street layouts. Three settlements form a comparable group with denser urban fabrics (small block size, high coverage ratios, and small private spaces), while the remaining two cases have less compact forms. The field interviews show high rates of tenancy, overcrowding, and inadequate access to water and sanitation in the first group and low rates of these conditions in the second group. We suggest that these differences are partially an outcome of levels of informal land supply. We argue that decreased informal land supply leads to increased competition and higher prices of accommodation, leaving fewer household resources for infrastructure investments and consequent compromised livelihoods. Accordingly, we argue that some modes of informal urban development should be accepted in Sub-Saharan Africa.
EFICACIA DE PERÓXIDOS EN LA DESINFECCIÓN DE SUELOS APTOS PARA EL CULTIVO DE FRESA EN EL MEDITERRÁNEO
Authors: Cuervo-Usán Yazmín , Tornos-Mauri Pablo , Hernández-Domínguez Juan C. , Orihuela-Calvo Diego , Domínguez-Hernández Martha E. , Moreno-Martínez Ernesto
Published: July 2020

Ante la inminente necesidad de encontrar alternativas sustentables para la desinfección de los suelos cultivados con fresa (Fragaria vesca) en el Mediterráneo, se probaron opciones amigables con el ambiente. El objetivo fue evaluar la eficacia del peróxido de hidrógeno (OXI) y del ácido peracético (APA) como desinfectantes del suelo, mediante la determinación de su efecto biocida sobre la micoflora y sobre la frecuencia de los hongos. Los muestreos de suelo se llevaron a cabo en la Finca Las Malvinas, Palos de la Frontera, Huelva, España. Se compararon cinco dosis de cada uno de los dos productos (en mL kg-1): OXI D0: 0; D1: 0.128; D2: 1.28; D3: 12.8; D4: 128; y APA D0: 0 ; D1: 0 .853; D2: 8.53; D3: 85.3; D4: 853. En cada tratamiento se determinó su efecto sobre las unidades formadoras de colonias (UFC) presentes en un kilogramo de suelo. Con las dosis OXI D4 y APA D4 se obtuvo un 100 % de desinfección. Las dosis OXI D1, OXI D2, APA D1 y APA D2 no mostraron eficiencia como desinfectantes, pero lograron bajar a 0 % la frecuencia de Phytophthora sp. y Botrytis sp., en relación a los demás géneros de hongos identificados: Fusarium, Aspergillus, Pencillium, Trichoderma y Rhizopus.
PLANTAS MEDICINALES DEL MUNICIPIO DE TIXTLA DE GUERRERO, MÉXICO
Authors: Barrera-Catalán Elvia , Herrera-Castro Natividad D. , Catalán-Heverástico Cesario , Ávila-Sánchez Pedro
Published: July 2020

El presente documento aporta información etnobotánica de plantas medicinales del municipio de Tixtla de Guerrero, México, cuya población tiene escasa cobertura de atención médica. El objetivo es contribuir al conocimiento y documentación de uso de la flora medicinal en el municipio, a través de la compilación de estudios realizados, trabajo de campo y consulta del herbario de la Universidad Autónoma de Guerrero. Se generó un listado de 65 especies medicinales pertenecientes a 33 familias botánicas y 58 géneros. Se registraron 92 padecimientos reconocidos localmente. Destacan los padecimientos gastrointestinales, signos y síntomas, ginecológicos, respiratorios y las enfermedades de filiación cultural.