bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the modification of bio-sand filter with Ashes
Authors: Das Neelu , Singh Shashikant , Sutradhar Dipankar , Saikia Alok , Brahma Hemanta
Published: April 2022

This study investigates the viable applications of two different waste materials namely areca nut husk and water hyacinth stem in the form of ash which were used as adsorbent material to modify the bio-sand filter focusing on sustainable development. The effectiveness of the filter was determined by testing for total dissolved solids, pH, the presence of heavy metals (As, Cd and Pb) and microbiological analysis in the raw and purified water. As was reduced to 69% and 76%, Cd to 51.5% and 69% and Pb to 45.9% and 57.8% in ANA and WHA purified water respectively. The microbiological analysis reveals that the filters greatly improved the bacteriological quality of water by recording a removal efficiency of 69.5% and 89.5% in purified water samples. Obtained results shows that the wastes which were considered as a curse to the ecosystem can be turned out to be wealth for Civil Engineering applications.
Digital Topographical Depiction of SBC and Settlement Prediction of Soil Structures using GIS Software
Authors: Perumal Sooriya Narayanan , Thangavel Varatharajaperumal , Vignesh R. , Jaiprasanth A. , R.R. Balamuralidharan
Published: April 2022

The Coimbatore region has been shifted to Zone III as per IS 1893-2016(Part 1) due to its Expansive soil conditions, therefore chances for an earthquake are high in these regions. The impact of the earthquake can be reduced and mitigated by designing suitable foundation types. The design and choice of foundations are generally based on settlement and SBC of soils. In this study, soil samples have been collected from 20 different sites in Coimbatore to determine the safe bearing capacity and settlement of the soil samples. The data so obtained were used to create the digital SBC and Settlement prediction maps using the software GIS. These maps are then used to identify the settlement and safe bearing capacity of soils in various places. With the help of the settlement values obtained, a suitable type of footing can be suggested.
Physico-chemical Analysis of West Coast ThermalSpring of Ganeshpuri and Isolation of Multi Catalytic Bacillus licheniformis Strain
Authors: Girdhari Sonali , Pathak Anupama
Published: April 2022

In India many hot springs are associated with religious importance, people visit and use them. Ganeshpuri hot spring is one of them and present study is the first attempt to analyse spring for physicochemical parameters thoroughly. Water temperature of 57 Â°C indicates its acro thermal nature having acidic pH value 5.5. TS values were within permissible limits of potability but TDS and conductivity values were high. Dissolved oxygen measured had value of 4.5 mg/l, within recommended range of potability. Temperature, pH, DO was recorded for spring water, kund water had similar values. Iron, chloride, calcium magnesium hardness, bicarbonate content was above the standard value permissible, while total alkalinity, sulphate, nitrate, was within the standard recommended limits of potable water. Spring harbors microbes of biotechnological application, a thermo-pH tolerant multi catalytic potential strain of Bacillus licheniformis was isolated and can be explored for diverse biotechnical and environmental applications.
Physico-chemical Properties of Water and Its Impactson the Species Diversity of Aquatic Plants at Disangmukh Wetland of Assam, India
Authors: Lahon Durlov , Sahariah Dhrubajyoti
Published: April 2022

Disangmukh wetlands are an agglomeration of few wetlands beside the levee region of River Brahmaputra where the tributary Disang meets the Mighty Brahmaputra. The present study examines the physic-chemical properties of water and sees the relationship between water quality and the aquatic macrophytes in the Disangmukh wetland of Assam. The samples of plants and water were collected from four sites of Disangmukh wetland namely Ronga Garh, Rongmon, Kaziranga and Longsai beel. The plantâs samples were collected using the quadrat sampling method with 1 square meter and the diversity has been calculated using the Shannon Diversity Index (SDI) (H = -?s [(Pi) x ln (Pi)]). The results show the highest SDI at Longsai beel (2.58) and it was followed by Rongmon beel (2.2), Ronga Garh beel (2.13) and Kaziranga beel (2.11). DO, ORP and TDS shows a positive correlation with plant diversity.
Response of Soilless Coloured Capsicum under Different Irrigation Strategies in Greenhouse
Authors: Randhe Ravindra D , Hasan Murtaza , Singh D.K. , Kumar S. Naresh , Kumar Pramod , Alam Wasi
Published: April 2022

Experiment was conducted to evaluate the weight based fertigation strategies in soilless coloured capsicum under greenhouse. Weight based sensing system was developed to continuously monitor water loss from grow bag and plants by transpiration for fertigation scheduling. The experiment was conducted using treatments comprised of T1, where the weight loss of growing media and plants by transpiration was fully replenished by nutrient solution; T2, T3 and T4, which received 10% 20% and 30% less amount of nutrient solution, respectively as compared to T1 treatment. The plant height (104 cm) and leaf area (3353.352 cm2) was observed significantly higher in the treatment (T1) which received 100% fertigation against the weight loss. Dry biomass and root parameters were found higher in the T1 treatment. Significantly higher capsicum yield (61.716 t/ha), and kg of fruit/plant (1.543 kg/plant) were observed in T1 treatment compared to other treatments. Water use efficiency was found significantly higher in treatment T1 (296.23 kg/ha mm) and lowest (199.954 kg/ha mm) in case of T4 treatment. Fertigation strategy which received the 100% nutrient solution against the weight loss without drainage, allowed the plant to grow with maximum yield and water use efficiency (WUE). Therefore, the 100% or more nutrient solution against weight loss could be a suitable strategy for controlling the fertigation scheduling through the weight based sensing system.
Verification of Connection Between Legibility and Conviviality of Public Open Spaces- A Case of New Market, Bhopal
Authors: Thombre Leena , Kapshe Charumitra
Published: April 2022

Conviviality refers to happy and friendly coexistence. Public open spaces bring people together. They are considered as convivial when people feel joyful and lively while visiting them. Several studies suggests that physical qualities of a public open space can influence their conviviality. Legibility is considered as one of the most important physical qualities of urban spaces. Due to better legibility a space becomes more visible and accessible. Therefore, legibility increases the value of a public open space as a gathering place. To understand the role of legibility in bringing conviviality to a public open space, a perception survey is carried out at eight public open spaces in New Market, Bhopal. The data gathered from the perception survey is analysed with ANOVA and correlation tests on SPSS to determine the variance and correlation between perception of people regarding ease of locating a selected open space and overall conviviality of a public open space. To measure the physical dimension of legibility of the public open space, a space syntax tool known as visibility graph analysis in depth map X software is used. The approach adopted in this study helps to understand public perception about legibility and conviviality of public open spaces and outcome is analysed with the help of space syntax tool.
Mesophilic and thermophilic biohydrogen production using cassava starch wastewater in a CSTR
Authors: U.K. Eniyon , C. Anantharaj , V. Arutchelvan
Published: April 2022

The objective of this work is to compare and evaluate the production of biohydrogen (bio-H2) from cassava starch wastewater at mesophilic and thermophilic conditions and to elucidate the metabolic routes involved. This system consisted of a continuous stirred-tank reactor for hydrogen production under the influent organic loading rate (OLRs) of 2.08, 5.05, 12.04, 23.34, and 30.87 kg COD/(m3â¢d) for mesophilic temperature and 2.29, 4.47, 12.52, 22.09 and 28.86 kg COD/(m3â¢d) for thermophilic temperature with Hydraulic Retention Time of 24, 16, 12 and 8 hours and pH maintained 5 to 6. The steady state of hydrogen production was 3131 ml/Lâ¢d obtained at the OLR of 23.34 kg COD/(m3â¢d) with the COD removal of 85%, and the hydrogen production of 2007 ml/L.d with a COD removal of % was obtained at the OLR of 28.86 kg COD/(m3â¢d). The maximum of 85% of the cassava starch wastewater was converted to hydrogen at the OLR of 23.34 kg COD/(m3â¢d) at mesophilic conditions with HRT of 8 h and hence the mesophilic condition favoured the hydrogen production using cassava starch wastewater.
Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the Histopathological Features of Testicular SeminiferousTubules of Mice (Mus musculus) Exposed to Methylmercury
Authors: Proboningrat Annise , Plumeriastuti Hani , Utama Suzanita , Sudjarwo Sri Agus , Legowo Djoko , Luqman Epy Muhammad , Widjiati Mr.
Published: April 2022

This study aims to prove the effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on the histopathological features of seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. A total of 20 male mice were divided into five groups (C-, C+, T1, T2, T3) and treated for 21 days. C- given 0.01 ml of aquadest, C+ was given 0.4 mg/kg of methyl mercury, T1 was given 200 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg of methyl mercury, T2 was given 400 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg bw of methylmercury, and T3 were given 800 mg/Kg of Moringa oleifera leaf extract + 0.4 mg/Kg of methylmercury. The histopathological features of the seminiferous tubules were examined using the Modified Johnsen Scoring method. The data obtained were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. The results showed that Moringa oleifera leaf extract reduced the level of damage to the testicular Seminiferous tubules of mice (Mus musculus) exposed to methylmercury. Moringa oleifera leaf extract at a dose of 400 mg/ Kg bw gave the best protective effect compared to the doses of 200 and 800 mg/Kg bw.
Landslide hazard zonation along Phulmawi village andTlungvel village road, Thingsulthliah Rural Development Block, Aizawl District, Mizoram, India
Authors: Lalchhanhima Mr. , Rao K. Srinivasa , Laltlankima Ms. , Lalbiakmawia Ms.
Published: April 2022

Landslides are the most common hazard in the state of Mizoram. Rapid development and the uncontrolled interaction with the nature are the reason for l and slide in Mizoram. Landslide vulnerability of Mizoram is already high due to lithology, land use and land cover, geomorphology and slope factor. The extensive mining activities along the highways for road construction and building materials also cause one of major landslide along the highways in the state of Mizoram. The present study investigates the Landslide Hazard Zones along the national highway 54 between Phulmawi village and Tlungvel village. The National Highway Number 54 is the most important road connecting Aizawl city and Northern, Southern and Eastern part of the State of Mizoram. Thematic layers such as slope morphometry, geomorphology, Lithology and land use / land cover were created using Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques. On the different groups of thematic layers, a weight age rating system dependent on the relative importance of various causative factors is used. In the GIS setting, the classes were given the corresponding rating value as attribute information. An ordinal ranking of 0 to 10 was allocated to each class within a thematic layer. Landslide hazard zonation map generated could be utilized as a reliable database for mitigation measures and planning for secured growth of the village.
Fruit Based System- A viable alternative for carbonsequestration
Authors: Rajan Rajni , Ahmed Mirza Anis , Pandey Kuldeep
Published: April 2022

Fruit trees, which have received little attention in the context of climate change, can act as a carbon sink. There are certain management approaches to build carbon reservoirs in tree biomass and soil within a fruit orchard. However, the potential of fruit trees in carbon sequestration remains untapped. There have been few studies that have quantified the carbon sequestration abilities of various fruit tree species. This adds to fruit tree species having a low profile in carbon trading. Proper orchard management strategies and propagation methods are expected to promote carbon sequestration and also providing socioeconomic benefits. This offers a variety of development options within the context of climate change, mitigation and adaptation. A major present issue is rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere, which may be responsible for global warming or climate change. Fruit trees can grow for years and continue to sequester carbon as they add biomass. We examined several studies on carbon storage by fruit tree species and the various benefits derived from them.
Impact of change in micro climatic factors forincidence and prevalence of powdery mildew diseasein Indian Sandalwood (Santalum album L.)
Authors: Kumar A. Muthu , Soundararajan V. , Kumar P.E. Manoj , A. Abhilash , J. Rekha , Vijayalakshmi G. , N. Mamatha
Published: April 2022

The summers are hot, while winters are getting cool at Bangalore, Karnataka, probably the possible effects of climate change. The changing climatic conditions have exaggerated the circumstances due to change in distribution pattern, epidemic development and new pathotypes of pest/disease (Yanez-Lopez 2012). The effect of local micro climatic conditions at IWST plays a major role in development of disease and rapid spread of inoculum. Some of the abiotic factors assessed during the study were temperature (t0), relative humidity (RH) and cloud dynamics (CD) determines the incidence of disease. The inoculum tends to manifold in larger quantity under conducive abiotic factor (t0, RH and CD) with a susceptible host (stress plants) and virulent pathogen. The prevailing management strategies for controlling of powdery mildew of S. album using either copper or sulphur fungicide were not found to be effective, which indicates the probability of resistance developed in pathogen. Therefore impact of climate change on plant disease is quiet an alarming situation, where the situation indirectly tells about the evolution of pathogen. It is high time to understand how climate change affects plant disease and host, therefore disease management against emerging and re-emerging pathogens through collaborative multi-facet discipline approaches may be better strategies under climate change
Phytosociological analysis on Kamarajumetta SacredGroves of Hukumpeta Mandal in VisakhapatnamDistrict, Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Koda Satyavathi , Krishna Ch Murali , S.B. Padal
Published: April 2022

Phyto-sociological studies were conducted on Kamarajumetta sacred grove in Hukumpeta Mandal of Visakhapatnam District, for analysis of tree species diversity in the year 2017-2018. Local community initiations are more effective management system than the government management system for tree diversity conservation, in sacred groves of Visakhapatnam. In Kamarajumetta Sacred Groves are small in size and can act as starting points for any long term conservation plan of biodiversity. The communities have kept their faith and traditions linked to these mini nuclei of rich biodiversity in the landscape. Therefore, anyconservation program can begin from local communities, by taking them into consideration as trustworthy awareness building factors.
Ferns and Fern-Allies of Dangori Reserve Forest of Tinsukia District, Assam, India
Authors: Borah Pranjal , Barukial Jayanta
Published: April 2022

The ferns and fern-allies, the second largest vascular plant group has significant contribution to the plant diversity. The present study deals with the enumeration of 35 species of ferns and fern-allies belonging to 28 genera, 17 families and 7 orders from Dangori reserve forest. The order polypodiales and family pteridaceae shows maximum numbers of species.
Decadal Groundwater Level Changes in Pratapgarh District of Southern Rajasthan, India
Authors: Gautam Vinay Kumar , Kothari Mahesh , Singh P.K. , Bhakar S.R. , Yadav K.K.
Published: April 2022

The higher dependency on the groundwater has increased extremely over time due to over-utilization of the aquifers. Thus, it is urgent to assess the degree of exploitation and analyze the groundwater level trend in the area of interest. This study has been taken to examine the pre and post -monsoon groundwater level fluctuations using statistical methods for 76 observation wells in Pratapgarh district of Rajasthan for the last 11 years (2009-2019). Results revealed that the groundwater level has fallen general to significantly in maximum number of blocks during 2009-2019. It was found that the resulting groundwater levels are linearly affected by the amount of rainfall occurred. The groundwater level fluctuations data considerably interprets the groundwater recharge. The average annual decline in groundwater level was detected with strong decline (0.204 m/yr) during post-monsoon season at Chhoti Sadriblock. The average rate of rise and decline during pre and post monsoon groundwater level for the Pratapgarh district was 0.110 m/yr and 0.081m/yr, respectively. In spite of being a predominantly hard rock area, the district shows limited variation in depth to groundwater level. The alterations in water level in different seasons may be attributed to the recharge by rainfall in post-monsoon season.
Effect of nitrogen and potassium management on performance of potato crop
Authors: Vidushi Ms. , Chandra Sati Umesh , Vishwakarma Govind
Published: April 2022

The present investigation was carried out at the experimental farm of Doon (P.G.) College of Agriculture and Allied Science, Rampur, Selaqui, Dehradun during rabi season of 2018-19. The experiment comprised of eight treatments comprising basal and foliar application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers along with a control treatment arranged in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The observations were recorded for various growth and yield parameters. Results of the experiment indicated significant effect of different nitrogen and potash doses application on various parameters. The treatment T8 (50% RDK + Spray of K2SO4 @ 2% at 30 DAP) was found to be the best for improving growth characters, while treatment T4 (RDF160:100:120kg NPK/ha) was found best in terms of yield parameters. Based on the results of present investigation, it could be concluded that application of RDF 160: 100: 120 kg NPK/ ha can still be adopted by the farmers but with split applications of nitrogen and potassium as recommended dose for commercial cultivation of potato under present climatic conditions to achieve higher net returns per unit area provided all other agronomic package of practices are followed.
Split application of GA3: Effective to improve growth, yield and quality of cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.)
Authors: Singh Madhvendra Bahadur , Kumar Pawan , Kundu Manoj , Sahay Sanjay , Kumar Vivek
Published: April 2022

The current research work was conducted during 2019-20 in the Department of Horticulture (Fruit and Fruit Tech.), BAC, Sabour to standardize the optimum concentration of GA3 for split application to improve the growth, yield and fruit quality attributes of cape gooseberry. From the investigation, it was observed that the vegetative and physiological growth in terms of leaf length and breadth was increased significantly by 75-100 ppm GA3 application at vegetative stage only. However, the ratio of chlorophyll a:b of the experimental cape gooseberry plants had improved significantly by three repeated application of GA3 @ 25-100 ppm each during vegetative, anthesis and fruit setting stage together. The reproductive growth with respect to precocity in flowering after bud break was obtained in 50-100 ppm GA3 spray either at anthesis or fruit setting stage; however three repeated application of GA3 @ 25-100 ppm delayed the flowering significantly after bud break. On the other hand, highest yield acre-1 was recorded in three repeated application of GA3 @ 50-100 ppm each during vegetative, anthesis and fruit setting stage together (12.06- 12.80 t acre-1). The quality attributes of ripped cape gooseberry fruit in terms of sugar: acid ratio was also improved significantly in three repeated application of GA3 @ 25-100 ppm each during vegetative, anthesis and fruit setting stage together (15.63-16.90). Hence, it can be concluded that the application of GA3 @ 50 ppm each at vegetative, flowering and again at fruit setting stage is optimum for improving the yield of better quality cape gooseberry fruit significantly.
Monitoring the seasonal variation of groundwaterchemistry and quality assessment for agricultural and industrial purpose of Athgarh basin, India
Authors: Das Rosalin
Published: April 2022

The groundwater chemistry of a region is sensitive to climate change and to change of agricultural practice of the surrounding region. The water quality is also largely governed by the litho hydrological character of the region. Hence monitoring the hydrochemistry of the groundwater with respect to climate change is vital for detecting its suitability for irrigation of cropland and industrial use. The present study area Athgarh basin, belongs to upper Gondwana has a varied lithology. The regional scale data can be statistically related to climate change. Moreover, seasonal variation of water quality has been monitored after systematic collection of groundwater samples and their methodical physicochemical analysis. 75 water samples were collected during pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon period of 2015-2016. The quality assessment is made through the estimation of physicochemical parameters, cations and anions. Based on these analyses, the irrigational parameters like salinity hazard, sodium absorption ratio (SAR), sodium%, residual sodium carbonate (RSC), potential soil salinity (PS), magnesium ratio (MR), corrosivity ratio (CR) and permeability index (PI) were calculated to determine the suitability of groundwater for irrigational and industrial purpose. The groundwater falling under (Doneenâs) class-II is almost good for irrigation purpose whereas groundwater falling under class-III indicates poor water quality. The groundwater samples are excellent to good as per Wilcox diagram. From Gibbâs diagrams, it can be established that the groundwater of the study area is mainly dominated by the lithology of aquifer of the concerned region.Various classifications show that present status of groundwater is suitable for irrigation purpose, except few locations, with a caution that it may deteriorate in near future
Experimental investigation eco-waste in concrete withpartial replacement of coarse aggregate
Authors: Vijayanand M. , Santhamoorthy K. , Vidhya K. , Vignesh M. , Arun M.
Published: April 2022

This paper gives a review on replacement of coarse aggregate with industrial by products like ceramic tiles. Through this study a combined replacement of crushed tile as coarse aggregates in the replacement ration of 0,12.5% ,25%,37.5% and 50% were used and conducted a detailed experimental study on compressive, split tensile and flexural strength tests. The test results provide a potential use of ceramic tiles in production of concrete and effective utilization of industrial waste.
Cocoon Traits and Grainage Behaviour of Modal Ecorace of Tasar Silkworm in three Different Locations of Similipal
Authors: Sahu Aratibala , Kumar Kar Prasanta , Debata Priya Ranjan
Published: April 2022

The wild ecorace of Antheraea mylitta âModalâ is bestowed with superior cocoon traits, but it is difficult to rear. The best option is to conserve the ecorace in its natural habitat. To save the population and for its sustainable utilization, conservation works are undertaken every year where wild cocoons are collected, eggs are produced and subsequently released on Sal trees in forest for natural proliferation. There are eight such camps in the peripheral zones of Similipal with varied geographical conditions. To understand the grainage behaviour of Modal silk moths, a study was undertaken in three different locations. The wild Modal cocoons were collected in August and around 20000 cocoons were kept in the pagoda at locations viz. Sarat, Kendujuani and Astabeda of Mayurbhanj district, Odisha. Wide ranges of variation were recorded for cocoon traits with respect to places for almost all traits except shell ratio of male (P < 0.01 to 0.001). In case of males, cocoon volume showed significant difference for places. The pupal weight was highest at Kendujuani than Sarat and Astabeda. The cocoon weight and filament length were lowest at Astabeda, whereas at par for Kendujuani and Sarat. But peduncle length was low at Kendujuani where as at par for Sarat and Astabeda. In case of females, cocoon weight and pupal weight values were significantly high at Kendujuani followed by Sarat and low at Astabeda. Shell weight and cocoon volume were significantly high for Kendujuani whereas Sarat and Astabeda were at par. But cocoon breadth and penduncle length were lowest at Astabeda where as Kendujuani and Sarat were at par. The grainage parameters were recorded from 15th August to 25th October. In Kendujuani, Sarat and Astabeda total of 7707,7206 and 7442 female moths were emerged during the entire span respectively. Since, these moths do not mate with the males of the same camp, they are taken to the forest during night for mating with external males. The total number of couplings in these three places were 4385 (56.9%), 3928 (54.5%) and 3219 (43.2%) respectively. From this it is evident that at Astabeda area of Similipal, availability of wild males in the forest is significantly less in comparison to other two areas. The pattern of emergence at one week interval also varied, early mass emergence followed by one more peak in October was recorded in Astabeda. But in other two places, almost uniform emergence with one peak in October was recorded. Thus, more attention is warranted for the proliferation of Modal populations in the Eastern part of Similipal.
Perspicacity of Fern Biodiversity of Tamil Nadu: AFountain of Economy Elevation
Authors: Shah Aadil Farooq , D. Kumarasamy
Published: April 2022

Man has been using the vegetation as a source of food, fodder, drugs and many other necessities of existence from ancient times. Even these days the primitive tribal societies rely only on the plant existence in their surroundings. Though, there had been investigations of the match for human consumption, monetary values of the higher plants, especially the ferns and angiosperms had been unfortunately ignored. The ferns were used in Homeopathic, Ayurvedic, and Unani pills and offered food, insecticides and ornamentation. The present investigation is about the uses of ferns as food, fodder and ethno-medicine. So, a deep view about some fern species of Tamil Nadu hills had been taken underneath consideration for economic, and monetary elevation of the area.
Jungle Cat (Felis chaus Schreber 1777) – A Victim of False Blame? A Case Study in Gomai, Katwa, West Bengal, India
Authors: Choudhury Tanima , Ghorai Narayan
Published: April 2022

A study was conducted in Gomai village to determine the impact jungle cats had on poultry bird deaths. The study revealed that 1.6+ 0.7 chickens and 3.6+2.22 ducks were lost per household due to predation during the period of 2020-2021. A total of Rs. 53200 ($ 727.3) was lost due to the poultry bird deaths from predation. The jungle cats were observed to be responsible for 1.17Â±0.39 chicken and 1.18Â±0.39 duck deaths per household. They caused an economic loss of Rs. 14600 ($ 199.6), accounting for only 27.44% of total economic loss caused due to predation. The study revealed that majority of the poultry deaths were caused by Indian free ranging dogs. The dogs killed 1.11Â±0.8 chickens and 2.6Â±1.7 ducks per household. The dogs caused an economic loss of INR 38600 ($ 530.59), accounting for 72.55% of the total economic loss caused due to predation. The villagers believed the jungle cats to be responsible for nearly all the poultry bird deaths due to predation. Correcting their false belief would be necessary in order to get their help in protecting the jungle cats in the unprotected area of the village.
Environmental awareness among High School Students: A study in Majuli District of Assam, India
Authors: Sahidullah Anjum
Published: April 2022

Rapid industrialization, overexploitation of natural resources and use of environmentally abhorrent materials have caused detectable environmental disruptions which have threatened the life support system. Environment can be protected only by creating awareness among the people so that it becomes part of their lifestyle. Environmental Awareness means showing interest towards environment or environmental problem. It implies not only understanding about environment but also attitude, principles and abilities which are essential for solving environmental problems. Moreover, environmental awareness helps in inculcating responsible behaviour among citizens. The present study is an attempt to study the environmental awareness of high school students with respect to gender and medium of instruction. The present study has used Descriptive research method. 160 students of Majuli district (Assam) were selected as sample of the study. In the present study the researcher has used random sampling technique. Environment Awareness Ability Measure (EAAM) tool prepared by Dr Praveen Kumar Jha was used in the study. The data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics like t test. The results revealed that the level of Environmental Awareness of high school students was above average. High school students differ significantly in environmental awareness with regard to the gender. Female high school students showed low environmental awareness among them in comparison to their male counterparts. The study also found that high school students studying in Assamese medium schools have a higher level of awareness regarding the environment in comparison to high school students studying in English medium schools
A Brief Insight on the In vitro Growth of Lesser Duckweed – Lemna minor L. under varying lightconditions
Authors: Gupta S. , Sil S.K.
Published: April 2022

Exhaustive investigation in plant physiology, plant biochemistry and ecological toxicity especially in aquatic environment requires a promising aquatic model plant for which L.minor L. is best suited. It is considered to be a rich source of proteins and can replace traditional source of proteins both for food and feed. Its optimal growth and biomass accumulation under laboratory condition requires balance among the different macro and micro elements of the composition of the culture medium along with optimal spectral distribution. The focus of the present review is to study the in vitro growth of L.minor L. under different culture parameters maintained with normal and modulated physico-chemical conditions including varying photoperiod regime along with different spectral distribution.
Conceptualization of Community Washing Room for Rural water conservation
Authors: J. Saravanan , M. Sridhar , M. Bharath
Published: April 2022

In this paper we have proposed a conceptual idea for conserving Greywater in rural areas using novel âU shapedâ water storage cum recycler. We have presented the âidea to prototypeâ pathway and the cost estimation for making the prototype.
Calibration and Uncertainty Analysis of Hussainsagar Watershed using SWAT-CUP, Sufi -2 Approach
Authors: G. Padmaja , M.V.S.S Giridhar
Published: April 2022

Simulation of process-based hydrological models is a significant process and can be better interpreted by calibration and validation of these models. In the present study, SWAT model was chosen to simulate the hydrologic processes of Hussainsagar watershed followed by calibration and validation for monthly time steps using the SUFI-2 approach. Several trials were initiated to achieve a good correlation between the observed and simulated values as each objective function is sensitive to certain parameters. The goodness of fit was further assessed using the coefficient of determination (R2) and NashâSutcliffe Efficiency (NS) between the observed and final simulated values. The results have shown a good correlation between observed and simulated discharge values with R2 =0.97 and NS = 0.96, for calibration period and with R2 =0.99 and NS = 0.97 for the validation period for monthly time steps. After performing calibration followed by validation, the influence of each parameter considered was ranked with the help of global sensitivity analysis present in the SWAT-CUP. The overall study revealed that the ArcSWAT can be used efficiently to study the behavior of an urban watershed having varied hydrology, also determine the trend in the rainfall pattern for daily and monthly periods. The results obtained have shown a good correlation and would be helpful to the hydrological community for adopting better water management practices and in designing better infrastructure.
Development of fungal entomopathogen Beauveriabassiana (Balsamo) formulations for control ofmosquito larvae in the field
Authors: Veerwal Bharati , Prasad Arti , Intodia Anjana
Published: April 2022

Till date, malaria remains a major global problem, exacting an unacceptable toll on the health and economic welfare of the worldâs poorest communities. To overcome the problem, application of chemical insecticides, has been in use for decades, but it has met with tremendous setbacks in the light of the development of vector resistance and some attendant environmental hazards. In our study, we have focused on an ecofriendly entomopathogenic fungus to know its efficacy to control mosquito larvae in field trial. To evaluate the efficacy of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) on malaria causing mosquitoes in the field, outdoor trials were undertaken in Udaipur city. The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) have demonstrated effectiveness against anopheline larvae in the laboratory. Laboratory reared Anopheles stephensi (L.) second instar larvae were selected for field studies. The powdered form of fungus mixed with CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose) (5 g/kg) were obtained. In the field bioassay, doses i.e., 1 g, 2.5 g and 5 g of fungal conidia were tested. The data clearly revealed the effectiveness of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) in field conditions. The study demonstrated that the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) caused high impact on the survival of Anopheles stephensi (L.) in outdoor trials, when formulated in CMC (Carboxy Methyl Cellulose).
A Perspective on Securing the Right to Breathe Clean Air in India
Authors: Ranganath V. Gopi
Published: April 2022

Clean air is the birthright of every citizen in the country. Clean air facilitates the citizen to breathe clean air. Air is one of the Panchabhutas as mentioned in the sacred text Bhagavadgita. Since time immemorial, people across the world have always made efforts to preserve and protect natural resources like air, water, plants, flora, and fauna. The right to a clean and healthy environment is within the ambit of Article 21 of the Constitution of India. An adverse impact on the right to breathe clean air can have disastrous consequences for this generation and generations to come. Clean air is very important for human life and well-being. Scientific research reveals the greatest health effects of air pollution ever. It has now been disputed that inhaling dirty air can cause respiratory illnesses, heart disease, stroke and lung cancer, but new evidence suggests that premature births, diabetes, and brain damage may also happen. It also increases the risk of dying from COVID-19, causing underlying health conditions to make people more likely to develop respiratory illness, early research suggests. It is primarily for the governments concerned to consider the importance of public projects for the betterment of the conditions of living of the people in one hand and the necessity for the preservation of social and ecological balances, avoidance of deforestation, and maintenance of purity of the atmosphere and water free from pollution on the other in the light of various factual, technical and other aspects that may be brought to its notice by various bodies of laymen, experts and public workers and strike a just balance between these two conflicting objectives to secure the right to breathe clean air. All the environment-related development objectives should benefit more people while maintaining the environmental balance ensuring the right to breathe clean air. This could be ensured only by strict adherence to sustainable development without which the life of the coming generations will be in jeopardy. The Indian Government has prepared a Clean Air Programme for 102 cities which is the birthright of all the citizens and committed to protect the 5 elements of nature. In this research paper, the author analyses various aspects of governmental policies, judicial response, and the role of mechanism to administer the right to breathe clean air.
Effect of addition of marigold petals in poultry feed toincrease the carotenoids content in egg yolk and toenhance yolk colour in laying hens
Authors: Mahanta S. , Talukdar M.C. , Nath S. , Das P. , Saikia R. , Hazarika H. , Hazarika D.
Published: April 2022

An experiment was conducted in the year 2016-2017 in the Department of Horticulture, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat to determine the effect of addition of marigold petals in poultry feed for increasing the carotenoid content in egg yolk and also to enhance the egg yolk colour in laying hens. The petals were supplemented with the basal diet in terms of carotenoid content viz: T0 (Control), T1(4mg carotenoid/kg diet), T2(8mg carotenoid/kg diet) and T3(12mg carotenoid/kg diet) The treatments interacted significantly with the days of feeding for the total carotenoid content (Âµg/g) in egg yolk both for fresh and dried petals. On analysis of egg yolk at three days interval for total carotenoid after starting supplemented diets, it was observed that the carotenoid accumulation in egg yolk increased from 3rd day of feeding to 30th day. The highest accumulation (38.82 Âµg/g) and (40.81Âµg/g) for fresh and dried petals respectively was recorded for T3(12 mg carotenoid/kg diet) followed by T2(8 mg carotenoid/kg diet) which were 29.34 Âµg/g and 30.57Âµg/g for fresh and dried petals respectively. However, in case of the control no such accumulation of carotenoid in egg yolk was observed upto 30th day after feeding normal diet. Highest yolk colour score, as estimated by DSM yolk colour fan was recorded for both fresh petal (10.73) and dried petal (10.8) for diet supplemented with 12 mg carotenoid per kg diet (T3). The lowest colour score 7.26 was recorded for basal diet, i.e. control (T0).
Assessment of Anthropogenic Stress on Surinsar Wetland using Geospatial Tools
Authors: Sharma S. , Kumar G.
Published: April 2022

Surinsar Wetland, a Ramsar Site is situated in the lower Shiwalik region about 35 kms from Jammu city of India. Various anthropogenic causes have put immense pressure on this wetland. Unplanned growth and environmental degradation has led to the decrease of the spread of clear water. The present study highlights the various threats being faced by this wetland due to human activities. The study aimed to examine the land-use land-covers (LULC) changes and degradation of wetland in order to form a baseline for future conservation actions using geospatial tools. The Landsat data has been used for LULC classification around the buffer of the wetland and then the change detection technique was used to quantify the LULC change in GIS environment. During the present course of investigation, it was observed that Surinsar wetland is under stress of diverse type of anthropogenic pressure. The result shows a drastic change in LULC during 10 years (from 2008 to 2018). Degradation in wetland is primarily due to encroachment, agricultural, forestry and other land use activities in the catchment contributing nutrients to the wetland and leading to cultural eutrophication of the wetland.
Is Resource Utilization by Desert Fox (Vulpes vulpespusilla) in Thar Landscape an Indicative of its Opportunistic Feeding Behavior? – A Preliminary Insight
Authors: Wilson Vigil
Published: April 2022

Opportunistic feeding behavior may absolve species survival entirely upon the resources available within its habitat. Present study assesses this assumption with respect to Desert fox found in Thar landscape in India. Density of selected food items that encompass dietary spectrum of this species was estimated in a given area and the biomass available for its consumption was calculated seasonally. Relative percentage of biomass available and biomass consumed was correlated, wherein preference was calculated using Ivlevâs Index. It is concluded that opportunistic feeding behavior is being exhibited by Desert fox especially in winter season, when resources are limited in terms of their availability. Also, it prefers scavenging on dead carcasses and fallen fruits rather than hunting.
Impact of demographical characteristics on senior persons' knowledge concerning constipation treatment at the nursing home in the Al-Kut city
Authors: Al-Fatlawi Mostafa Mohammad Ali , Mohammad Suad J.
Published: April 2022

Introduction: Constipation is a frequent ailment that is especially widespread in the elderly, with up to 40% of community-dwelling individuals reporting symptoms. Methods: quasi-experimental study design was carried out (Dar Al-Shafaa governmental home and Basmat Al-Rahma privet nursing home). (Dar Al-Shafaa governmental home and Basmat Al-Rahma privet nursing home). The current research will run from December 4, 2020, until January 15, 2022. To meet the study's goals, a non-probability (purposive) sample of (57) senior citizens (27) for the case group and (30) nursing home residents for the control group was chosen. Results: The results finding reported that female gender has been associated with increased prevalence of constipation among older people. Conclusions :The study concluded that the majority of senior persons’, regardless of their age, gender, or level of education, had experienced constipation, and that senior persons’ who are single have a higher frequency of constipation than others. In general, senior persons do not differ in terms of constipation length, but the study group does.
Phytochemical-based nanodrug delivery in cancer therapy
Authors: Almalki Waleed Hassan , Alotaibi Najla Nasser , Alayaf Abdulrahman Abdullah Muhammad , Alotaibi Abdullah Fahd , Althubiti Mohamed Awad
Published: April 2022

There are estimated to be 13.1 million cancer deaths by 2030, with 7.6 million deaths occurring each year. Phytochemicals have long been used in traditional medicine to cure cancer. However, conventional therapy for metastatic illness may fail if cancer cells become resistant to multiple anticancer drugs. Phytochemicals encapsulated in nano-based medication delivery devices were studied for their cancer- and chemo-preventive properties. Nanocarriers containing phytoconstituents have been studied in terms of loading efficiency, nanocarrier size, the release profile of the drug, and cell inhibition and treatment tests.
Medical image recognition and analysis using image restoration techniques
Authors: Saravanan D.
Published: April 2022

The proposed system uses image recognition system that in turn uses the concept of thermal image. The quality of images in dark surroundings is improved using thermal images. The infrared radiations in the image are identified based on the image information that has been created. These images can be captured with the help of infrared cameras and the information is recorded with various temperatures. During this process, image environment are recorded which helps improve the process of matching. The registration of images is done using image registration tools. The images fed as input are divided and image signatures are created. Henceforth, an image model is generated and this helps in the process of matching. The image model is created and stored for any matching process. The proposed system is implemented using image restoration algorithm and experiments authenticate that this work brings efficient result.
Protective effect of aqueous extract of Nigella sativa on Oxidative Enzymes, Homocysteine, and Lipids in Methionine induced Hyperhomocysteinemic rats
Authors: Khan Mohd Ruman , Khan Mohammad Asif , Singh Vineet Kumar , Saxena Arushi , Singh Taruna , Gangwar Amit Kumar , Shamim Shamim
Published: April 2022

Hyperhomocysteinemia has emerged as an independent risk factor for development of various diseases such as coronary, cerebrovascular and peripheral arterial occlusive diseases. Its association is found with atherosclerosis, cancer and some other aged-related illnesses including Alzheimer’s disease. The present study was designed to investigate the homocysteine lowering potential, effect on lipids and oxidative enzymes of standardized aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds (100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) in hyperhomocysteinemia induced by L-methionine. Hyperhomocysteinemia was induced in wistar albino rats by methionine treatment (1 g/kg, p.o.) for 30 days. Folic acid (100 mg/kg, p.o.) given to rats as a standard drug treatment. Rats were fed with the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) for 30 days. The results of the present study after treatment with Nigella sativa aqueous extracts in two doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight, showed lipid lowering, cardio- and neuro-protective potential of Nigella sativa. The results of test drug were compared with folic acid, a standard positive control. The present study results indicate that the aqueous extract of Nigella sativa seeds treatment protect the antioxidant defense against hyperhomocysteinemia, hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress in methionine-induced rat model.
Training and development opportunities and turnover intentions in automobile industries in Tamilnadu
Authors: Velanganni R. , Subbulakshmi S.
Published: April 2022

The employee turnover intention refers to the withdrawal from the company. The Turnover intention is directly related to the overall job satisfaction by the employees of the organization. Greater job satisfaction means lower employee turnover rate and Lesser job satisfaction means greater employee turnover rate. The aim of this research is to investigate on how the training and development opportunities can influence the employee’s intentions to leave the company. This research is important because it will explore employees’ expectations with regard to various training and development opportunities available to them, as it is generally known that a majority of organizations have reduced spending on training and development of employees. In this research a quantitative method is adopted which will target the population of Automobile industry mainly the employees belonging to the Tamil Nadu firms. The method used is the survey questionnaire and there are 112 participants involved. The findings of this research suggested that, once the training is provided the employee is estimated to stay with the organization with a period of more than 5 years.