bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
How weather events modify aerosol particle size distributions in the Amazon boundary layer
Authors: Machado Luiz A. T. , Franco Marco A. , Kremper Leslie A. , Ditas Florian , Andreae Meinrat O. , Artaxo Paulo , Cecchini Micael A. , Holanda Bruna A. , Pöhlker Mira L. , Saraiva Ivan , Wolff Stefan , Pöschl Ulrich , Pöhlker Christopher
Published: December 2021

Abstract. This study evaluates the effect of weather events on the aerosol particle size distribution (PSD) at the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO). This research combines in situ measurements of PSD and remote sensing data of lightning density, brightness temperature, cloud top height, cloud liquid water, and rain rate and vertical velocity. Measurements were obtained by scanning mobility particle sizers (SMPSs), the new generation of GOES satellites (GOES-16), the SIPAM S-band radar and the LAP 3000 radar wind profiler recently installed at the ATTO-Campina site. The combined data allow exploring changes in PSD due to different meteorological processes. The average diurnal cycle shows a higher abundance of ultrafine particles (NUFP) in the early morning, which is coupled with relatively lower concentrations in Aitken (NAIT) and accumulation (NACC) mode particles. From the early morning to the middle of the afternoon, an inverse behavior is observed, where NUFP decreases and NAIT and NACC increase, reflecting a typical particle growth process. Composite figures show an increase of NUFP before, during and after lightning was detected by the satellite above ATTO. These findings strongly indicate a close relationship between vertical transport and deep convective clouds. Lightning density is connected to a large increase in NUFP, beginning approximately 100 min before the maximum lightning density and reaching peak values around 200 min later. In addition, the removal of NACC by convective transport was found. Both the increase in NUFP and the decrease in NACC appear in parallel with the increasing intensity of lightning activity. The NUFP increases exponentially with the thunderstorm intensity. In contrast, NAIT and NACC show a different behavior, decreasing from approximately 100 min before the maximum lightning activity and reaching a minimum at the time of maximum lightning activity. The effect of cloud top height, cloud liquid water and rain rate shows the same behavior, but with different patterns between seasons. The convective processes do not occur continually but are probably modulated by gravity waves in the range of 1 to 5 h, creating a complex mechanism of interaction with a succession of updrafts and downdrafts, clouds, and clear-sky situations. The radar wind profiler measured the vertical distribution of the vertical velocity. These profiles show that downdrafts are mainly located below 10 km, while aircraft observations during the ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign had shown maximum concentrations of ultrafine particles mainly above 10 km. Our study opens new scientific questions to be evaluated in order to understand the intricate physical and chemical mechanisms involved in the production of new particles in Amazonia.
Continuous temperature soundings at the stratosphere and lower mesosphere with a ground-based radiometer considering the Zeeman effect
Authors: Krochin Witali , Navas-Guzmán Francisco , Kuhl David , Murk Axel , Stober Gunter
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Continuous temperature observations at the stratosphere and lower mesosphere are rare. Radiometry opens the possibility by observing microwave emissions from two oxygen lines to retrieve temperature profiles at all altitudes. In this study, we present observations performed with a temperature radiometer (TEMPERA) at the Meteoswiss station at Payerne for the period from 2014 to 2017. We reanalyzed these observations with a recently developed and improved retrieval algorithm accounting for the Zeeman line splitting in the line center of both oxygen emission lines at 52.5424 and 53.0669 GHz. The new temperature retrievals were validated against MERRA2 reanalysis and the meteorological analysis NAVGEM-HA. The comparison confirmed that the new algorithm yields an increased measurement response up to an altitude of 53–55 km, which extends the altitude coverage by 8–10 km compared to previous retrievals without considering the Zeeman effect. Furthermore, we found correlation coefficients comparing the TEMPERA temperatures with MERRA2 and NAVGEM-HA for monthly mean profiles to be in the range of 0.8–0.96. In addition, mean temperature biases of 1 K and −2 K were found between TEMPERA and both models (MERRA2 and NAVGEM-HA), respectively. We also identified systematic altitude-dependent cold and warm biases compared to both model data sets.
The Soil heat flow sensor functioning checks, imbalances’ origins and forgotten energies
Authors: Zawilski Bartosz Marian
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Soil heat flux is an important component of the Surface Energy Balance (SEB) equation. Measuring it require an indirect measurement. Every used technique may present some possible errors tied with each specific technique, soil inhomogeneities or physicals phenomenon such as latent heat conversion beneath the plates especially in a desiccation cracking soil or vertisol. The installation place may also induce imbalances. Finally, some errors resulting from the physical sensor presence, vegetation presence or soil inhomogeneities may occur and are not avoidable. For all these reasons it is important to check the validity of the measurements. One quick and easy way is to integrate results during one year. The corresponding integration should be close to zero after a necessary geothermal heat efflux subtraction which should be included into the SEB equation for long term integrations. However, below plate evaporation and vegetation absorbed water or rainfall water the infiltration may also contribute to the observed short scale or/and long scale imbalance. Another energy source is usually not included in the SEB equation: the rainfall or irrigation. Yet its importance for a short- and long-term integration is notable. As an example, the most used sensors: Soil Heat Flux Plates (SHFP), is given.
How well are hazards associated with derechos reproduced in regional climate simulations?
Authors: Shepherd Tristan J. , Letson Frederick L. , Barthelmie Rebecca J. , Pryor Sara C.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. An 11-member ensemble of convection-permitting regional simulations of the fast-moving and destructive derecho of June 29 – 30, 2012 that impacted the northeastern urban corridor of the US is presented. This event generated 1100 reports of damaging winds, significant wind gusts over an extensive area of up to 500,000 km2, caused several fatalities and resulted in widespread loss of electrical power. Extreme events such as this are increasingly being used within pseudo-global warming experiments that seek to examine the sensitivity of historical, societally-important events to global climate non-stationarity and how they may evolve as a result of changing thermodynamic and dynamic context. As such it is important to examine the fidelity with which such events are described in hindcast experiments. The regional simulations presented herein are performed using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model. The resulting ensemble is used to explore simulation fidelity relative to observations for wind gust magnitudes, spatial scales of convection (as manifest in high composite reflectivity), and both rainfall and hail production as a function of model configuration (microphysics parameterization, lateral boundary conditions (LBC), start date, and use of nudging). We also examine the degree to which each ensemble member differs with respect to key mesoscale drivers of convective systems (e.g. convective available potential energy and vertical wind shear) and critical manifestations of deep convection; e.g. vertical velocities, cold pool generation, and how those properties relate to correct characterization of the associated atmospheric hazards (wind gusts and hail). Here, we show that the use of a double-moment, 7-class scheme with number concentrations for all species (including hail and graupel) results in the greatest fidelity of model simulated wind gusts and convective structure against the observations of this event. We further show very high sensitivity to the LBC employed and specifically that simulation fidelity is higher for simulations nested within ERA-Interim than ERA5.
Modelling the volcanic ash plume from Eyjafjallajökull eruption (May 2010) over Europe: evaluation of the benefit of source term improvements and of the assimilation of aerosol measurements
Authors: Plu Matthieu , Bigeard Guillaume , Sič Bojan , Emili Emanuele , Bugliaro Luca , El Amraoui Laaziz , Guth Jonathan , Josse Beatrice , Mona Lucia , Piontek Dennis
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Numerical dispersion models are used operationally worldwide to mitigate the effect of volcanic ash on aviation. In order to improve the representation of the horizontal dispersion of ash plumes and of the 3D concentration of ash, a study was conducted using the MOCAGE model during the European Natural Airborne Disaster Information and Coordination System for Aviation (EUNADICS-AV) project. Source term modelling and assimilation of different data were investigated. A sensitivity study of source term formulation showed that a resolved source term, using the FPLUME plume rise model in MOCAGE, instead of a parameterised source term, induces a more realistic representation of the horizontal dispersion of the ash plume. The FPLUME simulation provides more concentrated and focused ash concentrations in the horizontal and the vertical dimensions than the other source term.
The assimilation of Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth has an impact on the horizontal dispersion of the plume, but this effect is rather low and local compared to source term improvement. More promising results are obtained with the continuous assimilation of ground-based lidar profiles, which improves the vertical distribution of ash and helps in reaching realistic values of ash concentrations. Using this configuration, the effect of assimilation may last for several hours and it may propagate several hundred kilometres downstream of the lidar profiles.
Advances in altimetric snow depth estimates using bi-frequency SARAL and CryoSat-2 Ka–Ku measurements
Authors: Garnier Florent , Fleury Sara , Garric Gilles , Bouffard Jérôme , Tsamados Michel , Laforge Antoine , Bocquet Marion , Fredensborg Hansen Renée Mie , Remy Frédérique
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Although snow depth on sea ice is a key parameter for sea ice thickness (SIT) retrieval, there currently does not exist reliable estimations.
In the Arctic, nearly all SIT products use a snow depth climatology (the modified Warren-99 climatology, W99m) constructed from in situ data obtained prior to the first significant impacts of climate change.
In the Antarctic, the lack of information on snow depth remains a major obstacle in the development of reliable SIT products. In this study, we present the latest version of the altimetric snow depth (ASD) product computed over both hemispheres from the difference of the radar penetration into the snow pack between the Ka-band frequency SARAL/Altika and the Ku-band frequency CryoSat-2.
The ASD solution is compared against a wide range of snow depth products including model data (Pan-Arctic Ice-Ocean Modelling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) or its equivalent in the Antarctic the Global Ice-Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (GIOMAS), the MERCATOR model, and NASA's Eulerian Snow On Sea Ice Model (NESOSIM, only in the Arctic)), the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-2 (AMSR2) passive radiometer data, and the Dual-altimeter Snow Thickness (DuST) Ka–Ku product (only in the Arctic).
The ASD product is further validated in the Arctic against the ice mass balance (IMB) buoys, the CryoSat Validation Experiment (CryoVEx) and Operation Ice Bridge's (OIB) airborne measurements.
These comparisons demonstrate that ASD is a relevant snow depth solution, with spatiotemporal patterns consistent with those of the alternative Ka–Ku DuST product but with a mean bias of about 6.5 cm.
We also demonstrate that ASD is consistent with the validation data:
comparisons with OIB's airborne snow radar in the Arctic during the period of 2014–2018 show a correlation of 0.66 and a RMSE of about 6 cm.
Furthermore, a first-guess monthly climatology has been constructed in the Arctic from the ASD product, which shows a good agreement with OIB during 2009–2012.
This climatology is shown to provide a better solution than the W99m climatology when compared with validation data.
Finally, we have characterised the SIT uncertainty due to the snow depth from an ensemble of SIT solutions computed for the Arctic by using the different snow depth products previously used in the comparison with the ASD product.
During the period of 2013–2019, we found a spatially averaged SIT mean standard deviation of 20 cm.
Deviations between SIT estimations due to snow depths can reach up to 77 cm. Using the ASD data instead of W99m to estimate SIT over this time period leads to a reduction in the average SIT of about 30 cm.
Fractionation of O2∕N2 and Ar∕N2 in the Antarctic ice sheet during bubble formation and bubble–clathrate hydrate transition from precise gas measurements of the Dome Fuji ice core
Authors: Oyabu Ikumi , Kawamura Kenji , Uchida Tsutomu , Fujita Shuji , Kitamura Kyotaro , Hirabayashi Motohiro , Aoki Shuji , Morimoto Shinji , Nakazawa Takakiyo , Severinghaus Jeffrey P. , Morgan Jacob D.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The variations of δO2/N2 and δAr/N2 in the Dome Fuji ice core were measured from 112 m (bubbly ice) to 2001 m (clathrate hydrate ice). Our method, combined with the low storage temperature of the samples (−50 ∘C), successfully excludes post-coring gas-loss fractionation signals from our data. From the bubbly ice to the middle of the bubble–clathrate transition zone (BCTZ) (112–800 m) and below the BCTZ (>1200 m), the δO2/N2 and δAr/N2 data exhibit orbital-scale variations similar to local summer insolation. The data in the lower BCTZ (800–1200 m) have large scatter, which may be caused by millimeter-scale inhomogeneity of air composition combined with finite sample lengths. The insolation signal originally recorded at the bubble close-off remains through the BCTZ, and the insolation signal may be reconstructed by analyzing long ice samples (more than 50 cm for the Dome Fuji core). In the clathrate hydrate zone, the scatter around the orbital-scale variability decreases with depth, indicating diffusive smoothing of δO2/N2 and δAr/N2. A simple gas diffusion model was used to reproduce the smoothing and thus constrain their permeation coefficients. The relationship between δAr/N2 and δO2/N2 is markedly different for the datasets representing bubble close-off (slope ∼ 0.5), bubble–clathrate hydrate transformation (∼1), and post-coring gas loss (∼0.2), suggesting that the contributions of the mass-independent and mass-dependent fractionation processes are different for those cases. The method and data presented here may be useful for improving the orbital dating of deep ice cores over the multiple glacial cycles and further studying non-insolation-driven signals (e.g., atmospheric composition) of these gases.
Wave dispersion and dissipation in landfast ice: comparison of observations against models
Authors: Voermans Joey J. , Liu Qingxiang , Marchenko Aleksey , Rabault Jean , Filchuk Kirill , Ryzhov Ivan , Heil Petra , Waseda Takuji , Nose Takehiko , Kodaira Tsubasa , Li Jingkai , Babanin Alexander V.
Published: December 2021

Abstract. Observations of wave dissipation and dispersion in sea ice are a necessity for the development and validation of wave–ice interaction models. As the composition of the ice layer can be extremely complex, most models treat the ice layer as a continuum with effective, rather than independently measurable, properties. While this provides opportunities to fit the model to observations, it also obscures our understanding of the wave–ice interactive processes; in particular, it hinders our ability to identify under which environmental conditions these processes are of significance. Here, we aimed to reduce the number of free variables available by studying wave dissipation in landfast ice. That is, in continuous sea ice, such as landfast ice, the effective properties of the continuum ice layer should revert to the material properties of the ice. We present observations of wave dispersion and dissipation from a field experiment on landfast ice in the Arctic and Antarctic. Independent laboratory measurements were performed on sea ice cores from a neighboring fjord in the Arctic to estimate the ice viscosity. Results show that the dispersion of waves in landfast ice is well described by theory of a thin elastic plate, and such observations could provide an estimate of the elastic modulus of the ice. Observations of wave dissipation in landfast ice are about an order of magnitude larger than in ice floes and broken ice. Comparison of our observations against models suggests that wave dissipation is attributed to the viscous dissipation within the ice layer for short waves only, whereas turbulence generated through the interactions between the ice and waves is the most likely process for the dissipation of wave energy for long periods. The separation between short and long waves in this context is expected to be determined by the ice thickness through its influence on the lengthening of short waves. Through the comparison of the estimated wave attenuation rates with distance from the landfast ice edge, our results suggest that the attenuation of long waves is weaker in comparison to short waves, but their dependence on wave energy is stronger. Further studies are required to measure the spatial variability of wave attenuation and measure turbulence underneath the ice independently of observations of wave attenuation to confirm our interpretation of the results.
A generalized stress correction scheme for the Maxwell elasto-brittle rheology: impact on the fracture angles and deformations
Authors: Plante Mathieu , Tremblay L. Bruno
Published: December 2021

Abstract. The Maxwell elasto-brittle (MEB) rheology uses a damage parameterization to represent the brittle fracture of sea ice without involving plastic laws
to constrain the sea ice deformations. The conventional MEB damage parameterization is based on a correction of super-critical stresses that binds
the simulated stress to the yield criterion but leads to a growth of errors in the stress field. A generalized damage parameterization is developed
to reduce this error growth and to investigate the influence of the super-critical stress correction scheme on the simulated sea ice fractures,
deformations and orientation of linear kinematic features (LKFs). A decohesive stress tensor is used to correct the super-critical stresses towards
different points on the yield curve. The sensitivity of the simulated sea ice fractures and deformations to the decohesive stress tensor is
investigated in uniaxial compression experiments. Results show that the decohesive stress tensor influences the growth of residual errors associated
with the correction of super-critical stresses, the orientation of the lines of fracture and the short-term deformation associated with the damage,
but it does not influence the long-term post-fracture sea ice deformations. We show that when ice fractures, divergence first occurs while the elastic
response is dominant, and convergence develops post-fracture in the long term when the viscous response dominates – contrary to laboratory
experiments of granular flow and satellite imagery in the Arctic. The post-fracture deformations are shown to be dissociated from the fracture
process itself, an important difference with classical viscous plastic (VP) models in which large deformations are governed by associative plastic
laws. Using the generalized damage parameterization together with a stress correction path normal to the yield curve reduces the growth of errors
sufficiently for the production of longer-term simulations, with the added benefit of bringing the simulated LKF intersection half-angles closer to
observations (from 40–50 to 35–45∘, compared to 15–25∘ in observations).
Elizabeth Monasterios Pérez, ed. Urgencias del latinoamericanismo en tiempos de globalización conflictiva. Tributo a John Beverley
Authors: Postigo Guzmán María Ximena
Published: December 2021

n/a
Paideia y cristianismo: la relación de Prisciliano con los ambientes educativos tardoantiguos
Authors: Sanz Serrano Rosa María , Díaz Bourgeal Marina
Published: December 2021

En el presente trabajo se realiza un análisis comparativo de las escuelas filosóficas tardoantiguas en Oriente y Occidente en su funcionamiento, organización, materias de estudio y las características de sus líderes, así como de las redes académicas y políticas en las que se desenvolvieron. Se estudian los casos particulares del emperador Juliano en el contexto oriental y del obispo hispano Prisciliano en el occidental, ambos formados dentro de los cánones de la paideia clásica.
El priscilianismo hoy: balance, perspectivas y aportaciones sobre la injerencia imperial en los conflictos eclesiásticos
Authors: Escribano Paño Mª Victoria
Published: December 2021

Esta contribución ofrece un análisis crítico y selectivo de las más recientes aportaciones a los estudios sobre el priscilianismo y presenta una interpretación novedosa de la intervención de Magno Máximo en los juicios de Tréveris. Las epístolas dirigidas por Magno Máximo a Valentiniano II y Siricio de Roma son textos diplomáticos con una función precisa dentro de la estrategia política del Augusto de Tréveris en 386. En las dos misivas, redactadas prácticamente a la vez en 386, Máximo trataba de justificar su intervención en los juicios de Tréveris, de modo implícito ante Valentiniano II, y ante Siricio de manera explícita, con los argumentos que había escuchado a Martin de Tours y a Ambrosio de Milán: el emperador no debía interferir de manera directa en las disputas heréticas, sino delegar en los obispos, a quienes correspondía resolver los conflictos internos de las iglesias.
Mulieres novarum rerum cupidae. El arraigo del priscilianismo entre las mujeres
Authors: Olivares Guillem Andrés
Published: December 2021

Una de las acusaciones vertidas en los juicios de Tréveris contra el obispo Prisciliano de Ávila fue la de celebrar reuniones nocturnas con mujeres que le seguían en manada ávidas de novedades. Tras esta acusación se esconde una imagen estereotipada, vinculada a la descripción de muchos heresiarcas, que fue explotada por la literatura antipriscilianista. A ello se une la mención a una mujer entre los maestros de Prisciliano para incidir más en el carácter herético del movimiento priscilianista. Esta imagen peyorativa difiere de los ejemplos conocidos de mujeres que siguieron a Prisciliano: mujeres cultivadas pertenecientes a la aristocracia hispana y aquitana. Lejos de ser heterodoxo, el hecho de reunirse con mujeres para la lectura de textos bíblicos se aproxima más a prácticas habituales entre las damas de la aristocracia tardorromana.
Toribio de Astorga y sus corresponsales. Argumentos dogmáticos y control jerárquico
Authors: Díaz Martínez Pablo C.
Published: December 2021

La omnipresencia del priscilianismo en la Hispania tradorromana ha llevado a interpretar desde ese prisma cualquier acusación herética recogida en las fuentes. Sin embargo, es posible que tras las denuncias de maniqueísmo se ocultasen imposturas diversas cuyo contenido herético queda así desdibujado. Esto resulta evidente en la correspondencia de Toribio de Astorga, aunque también lo es que una postura anti-priscilianista era una buena oportunidad para afianzar la propia posición de poder presentándose como defensor de la ortodoxia y perseguidor de los seguidores de Prisiciliano.
Más allá de los castella tutiora: la ocupación de asentamientos fortificados en el noroeste peninsular (siglos IV-VI)
Authors: Tejerizo García Carlos , Rodríguez González Celtia
Published: December 2021

Las ocupaciones romanas tardías de los castros en el noroeste peninsular son un fenómeno que, si bien fue reconocido hace ya varias décadas, ha sido pocas veces abordado de forma sistemática. Esto es debido a una historiografía que ha primado o bien las interpretaciones de larga duración histórica sobre estos sitios, o bien las lecturas a través del paradigma de los castella tutiora de la tradición hidaciana. En este trabajo se propone una primera revisión exhaustiva de estos contextos para resaltar los límites y posibilidades de las interpretaciones tradicionales. Así, se propondrá un enfoque contextual y estratigráfico para definir en términos complejos este fenómeno, sugiriendo como hipótesis una interpretación en clave social que pone en el centro explicativo los diversos procesos históricos que sucedieron al final del Imperio Romano de Occidente.
Эмиссионные свойства Mo, Pd и Pd-Ba при имплантации ионов бария и кислорода
Authors: Донаев С.Б. , Умирзаков Б.Е. , Ширинов Г.М. , Донаев Б.Д.
Published: December 2021

Исследовано влияние ионного легирования на вторично-эмиссионные характеристики Mo, Pd и сплава Pd-Ва. Установлено, что в результате легирования ионами бария с низкой энергией в приповерхностном слое Pd образуется интерметаллическое соединение типа Pd-Ва. Образование химического соединения подложки с легирующей примесью способствует значительному (в 3 раза) росту коэффициента вторичной электронной эмиссии (ВЭЭ). Обнаружено, что образцы Pd и Pd-Ва после легирования большой дозой ионов Ва+ обладают почти одинаковыми вторично-эмиссионными параметрами. Легирование Pd-Ba сначала ионами бария, затем ионами кислорода с энергией Е0≤1 кэВ приводит к существенному увеличению коэффициента вторично-электронной эмиссии (ВЭЭ). В случае имплантации ионов Ва+ в Мо не наблюдается образования химической связи между атомами Ва и Мо. Поэтому эмиссионная эффективность в ионнолегированном слое увеличивается незначительно (1.3 раза) и увеличение максимального значения коэффициента вторичной электронной эмиссии σmax объясняется в основном уменьшением значения работы выхода eφ.
Разработка акустико-эмиссионной системы для мониторинга состояния гидротехнического сооружения
Authors: Ашрапов У.Т. , Садиков И.И. , Махкамов Ш.М. , Мирзаев Б.Б. , Естифеева А.Г.
Published: December 2021

В работе приведены исследования по разработке, изготовлению, градуировке и испытанию акустико-эмиссионной (АЭ) системы для неразрушающего контроля и мониторинга состояния бетонных конструкций гидротехнических сооружений. АЭ система содержит: четыре АЭ пьезодатчика, процессорный блок, состоящий из промыщленного компьютера, модуля счетчиков СЧМ-16 и программного обеспечения для сбора и обработки АЭ данных, клавиатуры и монитора. Проведена градуировка пъезоэлектрического детектора АЭ системы на полосе частот от 45 кГц до 75 кГц и от 95 кГц до 125 кГц по АЭ спектру дефектообразования в образце монокристаллического кремния, гамма-облученного источником ионизирующего излучения 60Со дозой ≥1×108 Рад. Проведены лабораторные испытания АЭ системы на бетонных стендах и получены АЭ спектры трещинообразования. При помощи АЭ системы определены трехмерные координаты x, y, z развивающейся трещины в бетонных образцах.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) -460C/T (rs833061) Gene Polymorphism as a Risk Factor for Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Bali
Authors: Meliana Astri , Wihandani Desak Made , Dewi Ni Nyoman Ayu
Published: December 2021

Introduction: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular disorder of the retina caused by hyperglycemia in the blood vessels and is the most common complication in the eye due to diabetes mellitus (DM). The aim of this study was to determine the VEGF -460C/T gene polymorphism as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in T2DM patients in Bali.
Materials and Methods: The design of this study was case-control with 27 cases of type 2 DM with DR and 29 cases without RD as controls. The VEGF-460C/T polymorphism in DNA was detected using PCR and DNA sequencing at rs833061 to see the distribution of the C/T allele variation. Data were analyzed using chi-square test.
Results: Based on bivariate analysis comparing homozygous TT genotype variants, heterozygous CT and wild-type CC in this study, no significant relationship was found with the incidence of DR (p=0.742).
Conclusion: Polymorphism of the VEGF-460C/T gene (rs833061) can be concluded as an irrelevant factor with the risk of developing DR in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Bali.

Keywords: VEGF -460C/T, Diabetes Mellitus, Polymorphism, Risk Factors.
An Analysis Unveiling the Habitation Coverage of Different States and Union Territories under the National Rural Drinking Water Program in India
Authors: Lalitha N. Divya , Manipal Sunayana , D Prabu.
Published: December 2021

Background: National Rural Drinking Water Program (NRDWP) attempts to provide each and every individual a sufficient amount of safe water for drinking, cooking and other essential household needs on a maintainable premise, with a base water quality standard, which ought to be helpfully open consistently and in all circumstances.
Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze and unveil the habitations covered by the National Rural Drinking Water Program in different states and union territories of India.
Materials and method: Secondary data regarding the total households in each states/ union territory and the households covered by the National Rural Drinking Water Program, Households Having Safe Drinking Water supply in India as per Census 2011 and availability of safe drinking water in households and the source of drinking waters was extracted from the 2018 National Health Profile’s annual publication by the Central Bureau of Health Intelligence (CBHI).
Results: In India,43% of the households use tap water and 11% use well water.46.6% of the households have water within the premises, 35.8% of the households have water near the premises and 17.6% have it far away. 81.08% are fully covered habitations under the program and only 3.34% of the habitations in India are quality affected habitations.
Conclusion: Although the targets have not been achieved, this program has attempted to provide safe drinking water to many people in different states and union territories in India.

Keywords: Rural areas, Habitations, Drinking water, India..
The Relationship Between the Perceived Social Support Levels and Levels of Adjustment to the Infertility Problem of Women Who Received Infertility Treatment
Authors: ATAMAN Hacer , AYGUN Ozcan , PEKCAN Nuriye , DOĞAN MERİH Yeliz
Published: December 2021

The present study was conducted to determine the perceived social support levels of women who undergo infertility treatment and their adjustment to the infertility problem. The study had a descriptive and relational design, and was conducted with 190 women who were being treated at the IVF Unit of a training and research hospital in Istanbul. The data were collected with the “Patient Information Form”, “Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support” (MSPSS), and Fertility Adjustment Scale. The Mann Whitney U Test, Kruskal Wallis H Test, and Pearson Correlation Analysis were used in the analysis of the data. The mean total MSPSS score of the participants was found to be 63.92±15.90, and the mean total Fertility Adjustment Scale score was 22.93±4.39. A statistically significant difference was detected between employment status, infertility durations, economic levels, marriage durations, and MSPSS total scores (p
Sự biến đổi thể lực chuyên môn của nam sinh viên lớp chuyên sâu cầu lông Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp sau khi học xong môn học Cầu lông nâng cao 1
Authors: Phạm Việt Thanh
Published: December 2021

Kết quả nghiên cứu đã lựa chọn được 5 test có đủ độ tin cậy và tính thông báo dùng để đánh giá trình độ thể lực chuyên môn cầu lông, cũng như đánh giá được sự biến đổi trình độ thể lực chuyên môn của nam sinh viên chuyên sâu cầu lông Trường Đại học Đồng Tháp. Sau thời gian học tập môn Cầu lông nâng cao 1 thì trình độ thể lực chuyên môn có sự biến đổi rõ rệt, ở cả 5/5 test đều có nhịp tăng trưởng tốt có ý nghĩa thống kê khi ttính>tbảng=4.587 với P<0.001.
Giải pháp tháo dỡ khó khăn cho doanh nghiệp khi đăng ký kinh doanh tại tỉnh Thái Nguyên
Authors: Nguyễn Thu Thuỷ , Đỗ Thị Hoà Nhã , Phùng Trần Mỹ Hạnh
Published: December 2021

Cải cách thủ tục hành chính trong lĩnh vực đăng ký kinh doanh được thực hiện tạo điều kiện thuận lợi cho doanh nghiệp về thời gian và giấy tờ khi đến làm việc tại sở kế hoạch và đầu tư các tỉnh. Tuy vậy, vẫn còn một số vấn đề gây khó khăn cho doanh nghiệp như: Hồ sơ bị trả lại còn nhiều, quy định cứng nhắc trong một số nội dung… tạo ra những tiền lệ xấu gây mất uy tín cho phòng đăng ký kinh doanh. Bài viết muốn tìm ra nguyên nhân của những khó khăn này và đề xuất một số giải pháp nhằm nâng cao công tác đăng ký kinh doanh giúp cho doanh nghiệp yên tâm tham gia hoạt động kinh tế, góp phần xây dựng tỉnh Thái Nguyên giàu đẹp.
Định lí điểm bất động với điều kiện co kiểu Pata suy rộng trong không gian b-mêtric sắp thứ tự
Authors: Bùi Thị Ngọc Hân , Nguyễn Trung Hiếu
Published: December 2021

Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi mở rộng điều kiện co kiểu Pata suy rộng trong bài báo [7] sang không gian b-mêtric sắp thứ tự và thiết lập định lí điểm bất động cho điều kiện co mới. Đồng thời, chúng tôi suy ra một số hệ quả từ định lí và xây dựng ví dụ minh họa cho kết quả đạt được.
Phân tích, đánh giá hàm lượng đồng và sắt trong hàu ở khu vực sông Gianh thị xã Ba Đồn, tỉnh Quảng Bình
Authors: Nguyễn Mậu Thành
Published: December 2021

Phương pháp quang phổ hấp thụ nguyên tử (AAS) đã được áp dụng để xác định hàm lượng đồng và sắt trong hàu ở khu vực sông Gianh thị xã Ba Đồn tỉnh Quảng Bình. Phương pháp này cho độ lặp lại cao với RSD < 3,08%, độ thu hồi 94,6 ÷ 105,5%, giới hạn phát hiện thấp. Kết quả cho thấy hàm lượng trung bình đồng và sắt trong hàu xác định được tương đối cao (13,33 ÷ 19,56 mg/g tươi và 21,15 ÷ 29,97 mg/g tươi), mức độ an toàn nằm trong giới hạn cho phép theo quy định 46/BYT-2007.
Ảnh hưởng của aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) và nhiệt độ bảo quản đến chất lượng, thời gian bảo quản của dưa lưới (Cucumis melo L.) sau thu hoạch
Authors: Lê Sĩ Ngọc , Nguyễn Hoàng Thảo Ly
Published: December 2021

Mục đích của nghiên cứu này là kéo dài thời gian bảo quản dưa lưới sau thu hoạch. Để đạt mục tiêu trên, một số kỹ thuật đã được ứng dụng để giảm sự sinh tổng hợp ethylen, chất ảnh hưởng lớn đến tốc độ chuyển hóa của quả sau thu hoạch. AVG được phun lên trái sau 25 ngày đậu trái với nồng độ 0,8 g/l. Kết quả cho thấy dưa lưới bảo quản ở 10±2oC là thích hợp nhất, thời gian bảo quản là 30 ngày, độ cứng đạt 0,134 kg/cm2, hao hụt khối lượng ít hơn so với mẫu đối chứng (0,08 g – 0,18 g). Độ Brix là 9,166oBrix và đường tổng đạt 62,723 mg/g.
Đi tìm điểm độc đáo trong bản dịch “Tiếng chim hót trong bụi mận gai” của Phạm Mạnh Hùng ở phương diện biện pháp tu từ
Authors: Nguyễn Quang Hùng , Phạm Thị Kim Dung
Published: December 2021

Trong thực tế tiếp cận một tác phẩm văn học nước ngoài, người đọc có thể thông qua nguyên tác hoặc bản dịch nghĩa. Bản dịch không chỉ là chìa khóa đầu tiên mở cách cửa đưa người đọc đến với tác phẩm, mà còn là quá trình sáng tạo lại nguyên tác tác phẩm của dịch giả trên nguyên tắc: giữ tối đa tinh thần, giá trị của tác phẩm, đồng thời chuyển dịch sáng tạo lại tác phẩm theo cách “đọc” riêng. Trong bài viết này, chúng tôi đi tìm những điểm độc đáo trong bản dịch tác phẩm “The Thorn Birds” của dịch giả Phạm Mạnh Hùng ở phương diện nghệ thuật.
Ảnh hưởng của mật độ nuôi lên tốc độ tăng trưởng và tỷ lệ sống của cá rô đầu vuông (Anabas testudineus) nuôi tại tỉnh Quảng Bình
Authors: Phan Thị Mỹ Hạnh , Trần Thị Yên
Published: December 2021

Thí nghiệm được thực hiện nhằm xác định mật độ thích hợp cho giai đoạn nuôi thương phẩm cá rô đầu vuông (Anabas testudineus). Cá được nuôi ở 3 mật độ khác nhau (15 con/m2; 25 con/m2 và 35 con/m2). Kết quả cho thấy sự tăng trưởng khối lượng cá ở nghiệm thức I (15 con/m2) và II (25 con/m2) cao hơn ở nghiệm thức III (35 con/m2) sau 4 tháng nuôi (p<0,05). Tương tự, tỷ lệ sống của cá đạt cao nhất ở nghiệm thức I (84,3%) và thấp nhất ở nghiệm thức III (82,7%) (p>0,05). Ở mức mật độ 15 con/m2, cá tăng trưởng tốt nhất với trọng lượng trung bình 157,3 g/con, tốc độ tăng trưởng đạt 1,3 g/ngày. Nói chung, nuôi thâm canh cá rô đầu vuông với mật độ 15 - 25 con/m2 làm cho cá tăng trưởng tốt hơn.
Resenha do livro Torto Arado, de Itamar Vieira Junior
Authors: Rodrigues Izabella de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Esta é uma resenha do romance brasileiro Torto Arado, da autoria do geógrafo e escritor Itamar Vieira Junior, publicado pela editora Todavia no ano de 2019.
Malignant cerebral infarction (MCI): Review of the benefits of decompression craniectomy (DC)
Authors: Marques Grazielle de Oliveira , Vasconcelos Gabriel Nogueira Noleto , Fonseca Gabriel Rodrigues Gomes da , Proença Renato Sarnaglia , Silva Pablo Henrique da Costa , Parca Leonardo Martins , Nasser Ahmad Abdallah Hilal
Published: December 2021

Background: MCI is caused by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) or internal carotid artery. Causing large ischemias, which edema can exert a mass effect, usually between the 2nd and 5th day, resulting in intracranial hypertension, herniation and even death. Objective: Review data related to the benefits of DC, elucidating the procedure, prognosis and indications of the method. Method: Review on MEDLINE and PubMed platforms. The descriptors: “craniectomy” AND “malignant infarction”. Were selected 9 articles dated between 2016 and 2021. Results: MCI has some clinical (Youngs, NIHSS>15, neurological deterioration) and radiological predictors (Impairment> 50% of the ACM territory, midline deviation> 5mm, MRI with DWI> 145 cm3). These patient’s clinical aim is to reduce intracranial pressure (ICP), however, as a consequence of the worse prognosis in clinical therapy, there’s a possibility of intervention by DC, which is a surgical technique that relieves ICP and prevents secondary injuries. It reduces the mortality rate and increases the patient’s survival up 3x compared to clinical management, but at the expense of low quality of life. Patients ≤60 years with loss of consciousness, must have an indication for DC within 48 hours after ictus. The indication should be better evaluated and a thorough discussion with family members. Conclusion: DC minimizes injuries and the risk of herniation. However, despite decreasing mortality, it can lead to complications and poor prognosis, although it isn’t uncommon the indication for the procedure and an approach to palliative care.
Myasthenia gravis, myositis, myocarditis and anti-titin antibodies after Nivolumab/Ipilimumab: response with plasmapheresis
Authors: Barreto Maria Eduarda Slhessarenko Fraife , Malzyner Arthur , Hamerschlak Nelson , Muradian Maurício , Delavance Alessandra , Dutra Lívia Almeida
Published: December 2021

Context: Severe neurological manifestations following use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) occur in 0.93% of patients, and together with cardiac toxicity have the higher lethality. Myasthenia gravis (MG) and polymyositis (PM) are rare, and treatment includes discontinuation of the immunotherapy, corticosteroids, and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with occasional use of plasmapheresis (PLEX). Biomarkers are not consistently reported. We report the case of a patient with MG, PM and myocarditis after ICI, with positive anti-titin antibodies and response to plasmapheresis. Case report: 81-year-old male developed ascending, subacute, progressive tetraparesis, dysphagia, ophthalmoparesis, and respiratory failure 2 weeks after second cycle of nivolumab/ipilimumab for metastatic melanoma. Physical examination showed: globally reduced strength, hypoactive reflexes, bilateral sixth nerve palsy and bilateral semi-ptosis. Prostigmine test was positive and electroneuromyography was compatible with myopathy. Labs revealed CPK 4000 U/L, troponin 9000U/L, autoimmune myositis panel negative, anti-titin antibodies (described in paraneoplastic MG and associated with severity) positive and cardiac MRI without fibrosis. Clinical picture was compatible with MG and PM with cardiac involvement. He received methylprednisolone and six PLEX sessions, with complete recovery. Four months after treatment, he developed cognitive impairment and large B-cell lymphoma (ICI complication). Conclusions: PM and MG may occur after ICI, especially in the first cycles, and anti-titin may be a biomarker of severity in these patients. Although guidelines recommend adding IVIG or PLEX in refractory or severe cases, PLEX may be first choice, especially if multiple ICI are present.
The effectiveness of using thiamine in the Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
Authors: Costa Virgínia Madureira , Correia Iris Maria de Miranda , Arruda Laís Michela Rodrigues Sales , Diniz José Leandro da Silva Menezes , Araújo Maria Tereza Corrêa de , Alves Maysa Aiany Dias de Sousa , Assis Maria Fernanda Paes de , Silveira Vitória Azevedo da , Dantas Vitória Raquel Aguiar Bezerra , Souza Viviane Antunes de , Horta Wagner Gonçalves
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a condition caused by thiamine (vitamin B1) deficiency in the brain, being a debilitating and potentially fatal factor. It is characterized by a classic triad: delirium, ophthalmoparesis and ataxia. Objectives: Analyze the possible effectiveness of using thiamine in the prognostic change of patients with the syndrome, as well as the ideal dose and identification of possible secondary outcomes of the use of thiamine. Methods: A systematic review made in March 2021, included studies published between 2011-2021. The descriptors selected according to the MeSH platform, were inserted in the SCIELO, Lilacs and PubMed databases, resulting in a total of 323 studies, of which only 8 were selected. Results: Among the 8 evaluated articles, 5 reinforce the effectiveness of thiamine therapy, with prognostic changes in those patients, and only 4 of these studies describe their clinical evolution, showing mostly a gradual regression of the ocular manifestations and ataxia, while neurological symptoms tend to develop later. Thus 62,5% of the articles show improvement of patients with these therapeutics. Other studies do not refer to the prognosis after the institution of the treatment. About the dose, it was observed that the therapeutic effectiveness was related to higher doses of thiamine. Conclusion: Most of the analyzed studies were favorable to the hypothesis of the early use of thiamine in regression of the symptoms. Regarding the most effective dose, the topic still needs studies with high scientific evidence, as it hasn’t yet been thoroughly discussed in the literature.
Epidemiological overview of dementia in Brazil from 2010 to 2020
Authors: Silva Bianca Brinques da , Fonseca Rebeca Delatorre , Lignati Bernardo Neuhaus , Dall’Ago Lana Caroline Palaver , Cosner Laura Couto , Kunz Stephan , Coppetti Liara Eickhoff , Garcia Junior Manoel Ernani
Published: December 2021

Background: Brazil is the second country in dementia cases prevalence. The populational aging worsens this situation and overloads the healthcare system. Objectives: To analyze the epidemiological data of dementia in the period from 2010 to 2020 in Brazil. Design and setting: Descriptive cross-sectional epidemiological study with patients with Dementia in Brazil between 2010 and 2019. Methods: Study realized using the SUS Hospital Information Systems (SIH/ SUS), with the information provided by the SUS Informatics Department. Results: From 2010 to 2020, Brazil had 170 million dementia cases notifications and 31 thousand hospitalizations. The southeast region had the highest case prevalence (88%), and the North region the lowest (0.36%). The hospitalized patients number per 100.000 inhabitants was highest in the South region (25.11) and lowest in the North region (4.55). The Center-west region had the highest mortality rate (16.43) and the North the lowest (1). 53% of the reported cases were males, being 51% of the hospitalization rate. The mortality rate was higher in female patients (8.58) and 7.18 for male patients. Patients over 70 years accounted for 75% of the deaths. The patients between 30 and 39 years presented the longest average hospital stay (140,6 days). Southeast and South had the longest (122.2) and shortest (15.1) hospital stay in days, respectively. Conclusion: The data showed the disparity among the regions, from hospitalizations to mortality rates. Hence, politics that can embrace the totality of the territory, improving patient comfort, and disease prognostic are needed.
Tolosa-Hunt: Case Report
Authors: Nunes Lília Tereza Diniz , Silva Flávia S. , Aota Karyme G. , Assis Maria Beatriz Miranda S. B. de , Bento João Fellipe B. , Cabral Marcelo , Silva Alexandre M. da , Silva Pedro Henrique C. V.
Published: December 2021

Context: Tolosa-Hunt Syndrome (STH) is a rare condition with unknown etiology, it affects both genders equally. It is manifested by inflammation of the cavernous sinus and involvement of some cranial nerves pairs. Case report: MSR, 39 years, male, diver in the mining zone, history of recurrent otitis with acute pain and gradual hearing loss that progressed. He was admitted to the General Hospital of Palmas with symptoms of retrorbital headache. After physical exams it was found an ophthalmoplegia with right amaurosis and ipsilateral pain. The neurological examination showed a right eye with loss of photomotor reflex and presence of consensual reflex and eyelid ptosis. After 38 days in hospital, a probable septic thrombosis of the cavernous sinus was found, antibiotic and corticosteroids therapy was initiated. The patient also reports significant improvement in headache and partially in vision, he is currently hospitalized with clinical care and antibiotic therapy, awaiting results of the image examination report. Conclusions: Painful ophthalmoplegia in most cases is not diagnosed as STH. The differential diagnosis for this pathology is most often through brain magnetic ressonance and the ICHD-3 beta diagnostic criteria, STH should be suspected, but it is still necessary to close the diagnosis by exclusion, due to the lack of a specific diagnosis.
Influence of atherosclerosis on intracranial aneurysm rupture: a literature review
Authors: Cruz Mariana Portella Lopes , Oliveira João Gustavo dos Anjos Morais , Brandão Gabriela Sarno , Assis Ana Flávia Paiva Bandeira , Purificação Isaac Rêgo , Santos Leonardo Mattos , Cunha Matheus Almeida Ribeiro da , Alves Isabella Trindade Lopes , Fernandes Raimundo Nonato Ribeiro
Published: December 2021

Background: Aneurysms have their wall more susceptible to rupture. It is postulated whether the presence of atherosclerotic plaque can influence this, protecting or not. Objective: This review aims to investigate atherosclerosis (AT) as a potential risk factor for rupture of intracranial aneurysms. Design and Setting: this is a literature review, produced in Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health. Methods: The evaluated studies were obtained in published between 2011 and 2021, using the MeSH terms with following search: ((“atherosclerosis” OR “atherogenesis” OR “atheroscleroses” OR “Vascular Disease”)) AND ((“intracranial aneurysm” OR “brain aneurysm” OR “brain aneurysms” OR “cerebral aneurysm” OR “cerebral aneurysms”)) AND ((“ruptured” OR “rupture” OR “subarachnoid hemorrhage”)). Those that did not correspond the purpose of this review were excluded. Results: 13 of the 103 articles found, were selected. In 03 retrospective cohorts, AT was not a risk factor associated with aneurysm rupture, but a protective factor. In the control case, AT did not obtain statistical significance, but hypercholesterolemia was considered a protective factor. In the postmortem, atheromatous plaque was found only in a one patient who had subarachnoid hemorrhage. The other studies were inconclusive on the subject. Conclusions: Atherosclerosis cannot yet be said as a risk factor for aneurysm rupture due to literary insufficiency. In this way, new research is needed to ensure the evidence.