bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Got (Optimal) Milk? Pooling Donations in Human Milk Banks with Machine Learning and Optimization
Authors: Chan Timothy C. Y. , Mahmood Rafid , O’Connor Deborah L. , Stone Debbie , Unger Sharon , Wong Rachel K. , Zhu Ian Yihang
Published: November 2023

Problem definition: Human donor milk provides critical nutrition for millions of infants who are born preterm each year. Donor milk is collected, processed, and distributed by milk banks. The macronutrient content of donor milk is directly linked to infant brain development and can vary substantially across donations, which is why multiple donations are typically pooled together to create a final product. Approximately half of all milk banks in North America do not have the resources to measure the macronutrient content of donor milk, which means pooling is done heuristically. For these milk banks, an approach is needed to optimize pooling decisions. Methodology/results: We propose a data-driven framework combining machine learning and optimization to predict macronutrient content of donations and then optimally combine them in pools, respectively. In collaboration with our partner milk bank, we collect a data set of milk to train our predictive models. We rigorously simulate milk bank practices to fine-tune our optimization models and evaluate operational scenarios such as changes in donation habits during the COVID-19 pandemic. Finally, we conduct a year-long trial implementation, where we observe the current nurse-led pooling practices followed by our intervention. Pools created by our approach meet clinical macronutrient targets approximately 31% more often than the baseline, although taking 60% less recipe creation time. Managerial implications: This is the first paper in the broader blending literature that combines machine learning and optimization. We demonstrate that such pipelines are feasible to implement in a healthcare setting and can yield significant improvements over current practices. Our insights can guide practitioners in any application area seeking to implement machine learning and optimization-based decision support.

History: This paper has been accepted as part of the 2023 Manufacturing & Service Operations Management Practice-Based Research Competition.

Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2022.0455 .
Chemical meningitis and syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH): a rare presentation of pituitary adenoma apoplexy
Authors: Sandakly Nicolas , El Koubayati Georgio , Ayoub Abir , Ghorra Claude , Haddad Fady G.
Published: November 2023

Pituitary apoplexy is an uncommon condition typically resulting from a sudden haemorrhage within a pituitary adenoma. This bleed can present clinically with a wide array of signs and symptoms. This report documents the case of a 62-year-old male who presented to the Lebanese Hospital Geitaoui University Medical Center with signs and symptoms of meningeal irritation. He was initially thought to have meningitis, and was started on antibiotics; he was then found to have pituitary adenoma apoplexy that was complicated by syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone release (SIADH). The patient was successfully treated with antibiotics, and fluid restriction and hypertonic saline after ruling out other more common causes for his hyponatraemia, before undergoing a transsphenoidal resection of the pituitary adenoma. A three-month follow-up evaluation of the patient demonstrated the absence of hormonal imbalances and the absence of residual tumours on imaging.
Krokodil-associated cutaneous ulceration, cardiac arrhythmia and thrombi
Authors: Hussain Hussain , Angly Sohair , Michel George , Garcia Efrain , Fadel Aya
Published: November 2023

Krokodil, the street name for desomorphine, has emerged as a deadly and alarming drug phenomenon in recent years. This report delves into the intricate relationship between krokodil abuse, its adverse effects on the skin and its profound impact on cardiovascular events. Our patient developed a non-healing cutaneous ulceration associated with an acute onset of cardiac arrhythmia, as well as bilateral upper extremity acute deep-vein thrombosis.
The role of the clinical nurse specialist in stoma care: a scoping review
Authors: Bird Andrew , Burch Jennie , Thorpe Gabrielle
Published: November 2023

Aim:

Rapidly evolving roles in nursing require exploration and description. This review aims to examine the role of the clinical nurse specialist (CNS) in stoma care from the UK perspective.

Design:

A scoping review was undertaken using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data were synthesised using content analysis to derive meaning units and themes.

Data sources:

Three electronic databases were used to conduct the search: Embase, AMED and Ovid Medline. Additional sources identified through the reference lists of included studies and guidelines were also included.

Methods:

Two reviewers undertook the search for articles that described the role of the stoma care CNS in the UK. Any disagreements were to be resolved through discussion.

Results:

Seven papers met the eligibility criteria. Analysis resulted in 184 unique meaning units. Meaning units were grouped into themes reflecting the four pillars of advanced practice: advanced clinical practice; leadership; facilitation of education and learning; and evidence, research and development. The fewest meaning units were attributed to the evidence theme (n=13) and the most related to advanced clinical practice (n=107) such as having specialist knowledge and skills to manage complications.

Conclusion:

The stoma care CNS role reflects the four pillars of advanced practice. These practitioners are valuable, carrying out a complex role that involves high-level, specialist decision-making skills. The results from this scoping review could be useful in service development; they will be used to inform the Association of Stoma Care Nurses UK modified Delphi consensus to examine the views of stoma care CNS practitioners.
COMPLEX DISTAL HUMERUS FRACTURES TREATED WITH OSTEOSYNTHESIS, ARTHROPLASTY, OR MANAGED CONSERVATIVELY
Authors: Mahajan Uday , Mehta Sonu , Chan Samuel
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Intra-articular distal humerus OTA type C fractures are challenging to treat. When osteosynthesis is not feasible one can choose to do a primary arthroplasty of elbow or manage non-operatively. The indications for treatment of this fracture pattern are evolving.

Objectives

We present our outcomes and complications when this cohort of patients was managed with either open reduction internal fixator (ORIF), elbow arthroplasty or non-operatively.

Methods

Retrospective study to include OTA type C2 and C3 fracture distal humerus of 36 patients over the age of 50 years managed with all the three modalities. Patient's clinical notes and radiographs were reviewed.

Results

Between 2016 and 2022, 21 patients underwent ORIF – group 1, 10 patients were treated with arthroplasty – group 2 and 5 were managed conservatively- group 3. The mean age of patients was 62 years in group 1, 70 years in group 2 and 76 years in group 3. The mean range of movement (ROM) arc achieved in the group 1 & 2 was 103 while group 3 was 68. At least follow up was 6 months. 5 patients in group 1 underwent metalwork removal and 2 patients in group 3 under arthroplasty.

Conclusion

The outcomes of arthroplasty and ORIF are comparable, but reoperation rates and stiffness were higher in ORIF and conservative group. Surgeon choice and patient factors play important role in decision towards choosing treatment modality.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
LOADING OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY REDUCES RISK OF SARCOPENIA IN MIDDLE-AGED ADULTS
Authors: Luo Jin , Lee Raymond
Published: November 2023

Objectives

The aim of this study was to investigate whether mechanical loading induced by physical activity can reduce risk of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults.

Methods

This was a longitudinal study based on a subset of UK Biobank data consisting of 1,918 participants (902 men and 1,016 women, mean age 56 years) who had no sarcopenia at baseline (assessed between 2006 and 2010). The participants were assessed again after 6 years at follow-up, and were categorized into no sarcopenia, probable sarcopenia, or sarcopenia according to the definition and algorithm developed in 2018 by European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP). Physical activity was assessed at a time between baseline and follow-up using 7-day acceleration data obtained from wrist worn accelerometers. Raw acceleration data were then analysed to study the mechanical loading of physical activity at different intensities (i.e. very light, light, moderate-to-vigorous). Multinominal logistic regression was employed to examine the association between the incidence of sarcopenia and physical activity loading, between baseline and follow up, controlled for other factors at baseline including age, gender, BMI, smoking status, intake of alcohol, vitamin D and calcium, history of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, secondary osteoporosis, and type 2 diabetes.

Results

Among the 1918 participants with no sarcopenia at baseline, 230 (69 men and 161 women) developed probable sarcopenia and 37 (14 men and 23 women) developed sarcopenia at follow-up. Physical activity loading at moderate-to-vigorous intensity was higher in men (p<0.05), while women had higher physical activity loading at very light intensity (p<0.05). No significant difference was found in physical activity loading at light intensity between men and women (p>0.05). Logistic regression models showed that increase in physical activity loading at moderate-to-vigorous intensity significantly reduced the risk of sarcopenia (odds ratio = 0.368, p<0.05), but not probable sarcopenia (odds ratio = 0.974, p>0.05), while loading at light or very light activity intensity were not associated with the risk of sarcopenia or probable sarcopenia (p>0.05).

Conclusion

Loading of physical activity at moderate-to-vigorous intensity could reduce risk of sarcopenia in middle-aged adults.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
HOW COULD MSC-POLARIZED MACROPHAGES PROMOTE CARTILAGE REPAIR?
Authors: Macmillan Alexandra , Muhammad Hayat , Hosni Rawiya Al , Alkhrayef Mohammad , Hotchen Andrew , Robertson-Waters Eve , Strangmark Estelle , Gompels Ben , Wang Jia Hua , McDonnell Stephen , Khan Wasim , Clatworthy Menna , Birch Mark , McCaskie Andrew
Published: November 2023

Objectives

In relation to regenerative therapies in osteoarthritis and cartilage repair, mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have immunomodulatory functions and influence macrophage behaviour. Macrophages exist as a spectrum of pro-(M1) and anti-(M2) inflammatory phenotypic subsets. In the context of cartilage repair, we investigated MSC-macrophage crosstalk, including specifically the priming of cartilage cells by macrophages to achieve a regenerative rather than fibrotic outcome.

Methods

Human monocytes were isolated from blood cones and differentiated towards M1 and M2 macrophages. Monocytes (Mo), M1 and M2 macrophages were cultured directly and indirectly (trans-well system) with human bone marrow derived MSCs. MSCs were added during M1 polarisation and separately to already induced M1 cells. Outcomes (M1/M2 markers and ligands/receptors) were evaluated using RT-qPCR and flow cytometry. Influence on chondrogenesis was assessed by applying M1 and M2 macrophage conditioned media (CM) sequentially to cartilage derived cells (recapitulating an acute injury environment). RT-qPCR was used to evaluate chondrogenic/fibrogenic gene transcription.

Results

The ratio of M2 markers (CD206 or CD163) to M1 markers (CD38) increased when MSCs were added to Mo/M1 macrophages, regardless of culture system used (direct or indirect). Pro-inflammatory markers (including TNFa) decreased. CXCR2 expression by both M1 macrophages and MSCs decreased when MSCs were added to differentiated M1 macrophages in transwell. When adding initially M1 CM (for 12 hours) followed by M2 CM (for 12 hours) sequentially to chondrocytes, there was a significant increase of Aggrecan and Collagen type 2 gene expression and decrease in fibroblastic cell surface markers (PDPN/CD90).

Conclusions

Mo/M1 macrophages cultured with MSCs, directly or indirectly, are shifted towards a more M2 phenotype. Indirect culture suggests this effect can occur via soluble signaling mediators. Sequential exposure of M1CM followed by M2CM to chondrocytes resulted in increased chondrogenic and reduced fibrotic gene expression, suggesting that an acute pro-inflammatory stimulus may prime chondrocytes before repair.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
EFFECTIVENESS OF PHONOPHORESIS VERSUS THERAPEUTIC ULTRASOUND FOR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS
Authors: Samir Ahmed , Abdelghany Ahmed , Metwally Arwa
Published: November 2023

Objectives

To compare the effectiveness of phonophoresis (PH) and conventional therapeutic ultrasound (US) on the functional and pain outcomes of patients with knee osteoarthritis.

Methods

We conducted an electronic search through PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Clinical Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (WOS), and Scopus databases. We screened the retrieved articles to include only English full-text randomized controlled trials that examined the effect of phonophoresis versus conventional therapeutic ultrasound on patients with knee osteoarthritis. Two reviewers screened, extracted the data, and independently assessed the quality of the included articles.

Results

A total of five randomized controlled trials met our inclusion criteria out of 267 studies screened. Our results showed no statistically significant differences between the PH and US groups (1), (2), (3),(4), and (5). The PH group demonstrated more significant effects than the UT group in reducing VAS pain scores (P=0.009) and improving WOMAC scores, although this did not reach the level of significance (P=0.143) (5). In the long term, PH therapy was found to be superior to US in improving painless walking duration and distance VAS scores (p=0.034, 0.017) respectively, as well as walking and resting walking VAS scores (p=0.03, 0.007) respectively, which were found to be permanent (3).

Conclusions

Both therapies improve pain and function. However, we suggest conducting more high-quality trials with larger sample sizes and do not recommend the use of these therapies in clinical practice due to limitations in gender selection and high risk of bias.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
THE EFFECT OF CHRONOLOGICAL AGE AND GENDER AND DIFFERENT SOURCE OF TISSUE ON THE IN VITRO PROPERTIES OF MESENCHYMAL STROMAL CELLS
Authors: Vogt Antonia , Darlington Isobel , Brooks Roger , Birch Mark , McCaskie Andrew , Khan Wasim
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Osteoarthritis is a common articular cartilage disorder and causes a significant global disease burden. Articular cartilage has a limited capacity of repair and there is increasing interest in the use of cell-based therapies to facilitate repair including the use of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells (MSCs). There is some evidence in the literature that suggests that advancing age and gender is associated with declining MSC function, including reduced proliferation and differentiation potential, and greater cellular apoptosis. In our study, we first performed a systematic review of the literature to determine the effects of chronological age and gender on the in vitro properties of MSCs, and then performed a laboratory study to investigate these properties.

Methods and Results

We initially conducted a PRISMA systematic review of the literature to review the evidence base for the effects of chronological age and gender on the in vitro properties of MSCs including cell numbers, expansion, cell surface characterization and differentiation potential. This was followed by laboratory-based experiments to assess these properties. Compare the extent of the effect of age on MSC cell marker expression, proliferation and pathways. Tissue from patients undergoing total knee replacement surgery was used to isolate MSCs from the synovium, fat pad and bone fragments using a method developed in our laboratory. The growth kinetics was determined by calculating the population doublings per day. Following expansion in culture, MSCs at P2 were characterised for a panel of cell surface markers using flow cytometry. The cells were positive for CD73, CD90 and CD105, and negative for antibody cocktail (eg included CD34, CD45). The differentiation potential of the MSCs was assessed through tri-lineage differentiation assays. At P2 after extracting RNA, we investigate the gene analysis using Bulk seq. Clear differences between the younger and older patients and gender were indicated.

Conclusions

Chronological age and gender-related changes in MSC function have important implications on the use of these cells in clinical applications for an ageing population. The results from this study will be used to plan further work looking at the effects of chronological age and gender on cellular senescence and identify pathways that could be targeted to potentially reverse any age and gender-related changes.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
FORAMINOTOMY VERSUS ACDF FOR PROXIMAL FORAMINAL STENOSIS
Authors: Maksoud Ahmed , Shrestha Sagaurav , Fewings Paul , Shareah Ezzeldein Abu , Ahmed Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Objectives

There is still controversy in the literature over whether Cervical Foraminotomy or Anterior Cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is best for treating cervical Radiculopathy. Numerous studies have focused on the respective complication rates of these procedures and outcome measures with a lack of due consideration to preoperative MRI findings. Proximal foraminal stenosis can theoretically be accessed via either approach. We aimed to investigate whether patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) favoured one approach over the other in patients with proximal foraminal stenosis.

Methods

A single centre retrospective review of patients undergoing either ACDF or Cervical foraminotomy over the period 2012 to 2022. VAS, Neck disability index (NDI), EQ5DL and Patient Satisfaction on a Five Point Likert scale were obtained. Patients who had both an ACDF and a Foraminotomy were excluded. Axial MRI images were analysed and the location of the worst clinically relevant disc herniation stratified as follows: Central (1), Paracentral (2) and Foraminal (3). Correlations and average PROMs were analysed in SPSS.

Results

PROMs scores were available for 33 ACDF patients and 37 Foraminotomy patients. Average surgery time in ACDF group was 167 minutes while Foraminotomy 142 minutes. Average Length of hospital stay was 6.24 days in the Foraminotomy group and 3.54 days in the ACDF group. 18 patients were excluded due to having both surgeries (2 of which developed CSF leaks postoperatively). Of the included patients there were no postoperative complications. 13 patients in the ACDF had Central or Paracentral stenosis in addition to proximal Foraminal stenosis, 3 patients in the Foraminotomy group had some significant Paracentral herniation just before the Proximal foramen. The majority of patients in both groups had pure proximal Foraminal stenosis (N= 17 (ACDF), 20 (Foraminotomy). The results showed no significant difference in PROMs between patients who received an ACDF or a Foraminotomy for Proximal foraminal stenosis (EQ5DL, NDI, and satisfaction, P= 0.268, 0.253 and 0.327). There was no correlation between location of the stenosis and PROM scores in either group.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that Proximal foraminal stenosis can be effectively addressed by either an anterior ACDF or a Foraminotomy with no difference in complication rates. Foraminotomy has the benefit of no implant cost but longer hospital stay.

Declaration of Interest

(b) declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research reported:I declare that there is no conflict of interest that could be perceived as prejudicing the impartiality of the research project.
Are religious beliefs truly the root cause of terrorism?
Authors: Maysun Jannah Aishah
Published: November 2023

This article explores religion as a cause for terrorism, looking at different causes for terrorism and discussions into the harms associated with popular conceptions of associating religion with terrorism. The results of this research demonstrate that there are multiple causes for terrorism, which are not associated with religion, despite “intelligence-led policing” methods pertaining to religious and racial profiling. Theocracies and democracies have both abused human rights, demonstrating that states will ultimately prioritize their interests at the expense of the rights and freedoms of civilians, including the right to life.
Subgingival chlorhexidine irrigation for scaling and root planing adjunctive therapy in chronic periodontitis: a systematic review
Authors: Susanto Agus , Nunung Rusminah  , Yohana Putri Pertiwi
Published: November 2023

BACKGROUND Scaling and root planing (SRP) is a conventional treatment for chronic periodontitis; however, it has limitations in treating deep pockets. To enhance its efficacy, chlorhexidine (CHX) is proposed as adjunctive therapy with SRP due to its broad antimicrobial spectrum, low systemic toxic activity in humans, absence of oral microorganism resistance, and lack of teratogenic effects. This study aimed to know the efficacy of the adjunctive therapy of CHX.

METHODS A literature search was conducted using various databases including PubMed, LIVIVO, EBSCOhost, and Google Scholar, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses guidelines within the last 10 years (2011–2021). Clinical parameters such as plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI), bleeding on probing (BOP), pocket depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL) were recorded. The risk of bias in the selected studies was assessed using Cochrane Collaboration’s Handbook version 5.2.0.

RESULTS Of 368 studies, 10 met the inclusion criteria, with 8 of them having a higher quality. Higher reduction of PI, GI, BI, PD, and CAL were observed in SRP with CHX irrigation compared with SRP alone.

CONCLUSIONS Overall, adding CHX to SRP appeared to have additional clinical benefits compared with SRP alone in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.
ESDiff: a joint model for low-quality retinal image enhancement and vessel segmentation using a diffusion model
Authors: Liu Fengting , Huang Wenhui
Published: November 2023

In clinical screening, accurate diagnosis of various diseases relies on the extraction of blood vessels from fundus images. However, clinical fundus images often suffer from uneven illumination, blur, and artifacts caused by equipment or environmental factors. In this paper, we propose a unified framework called ESDiff to address these challenges by integrating retinal image enhancement and vessel segmentation. Specifically, we introduce a novel diffusion model-based framework for image enhancement, incorporating mask refinement as an auxiliary task via a vessel mask-aware diffusion model. Furthermore, we utilize low-quality retinal fundus images and their corresponding illumination maps as inputs to the modified UNet to obtain degradation factors that effectively preserve pathological features and pertinent information. This approach enhances the intermediate results within the iterative process of the diffusion model. Extensive experiments on publicly available fundus retinal datasets (i.e. DRIVE, STARE, CHASE_DB1 and EyeQ) demonstrate the effectiveness of ESDiff compared to state-of-the-art methods.
Investigation of Polymer-based 1×2 All-Optical Switches at C-Band Wavelength
Authors: Alam Md Koushik , Afsary Noor , Islam Md Zahidul , Rasel MD Omar Faruk
Published: November 2023

All-optical switches play a significant role in optical communication and signal processing using purely optical signals and offer efficient high-speed data transmission over conventional switches, which rely on optic–electronic conversions. This paper demonstrates 1×2 all-optical switches realized with the Mach-Zehnder Interferometer (MZI) and directional couplers (DCs) for next-generation high-speed computing systems. We numerically design and simulate this optical switch by using the commercially available RSoft CAD BeamPROP solver. The proposed switches leverage the combined influence of DCs to achieve precise control over switching states by demonstrating remarkable phase-shifting properties with phase differences of 4π/3 and π/2 between the MZI and DC. The optical switch exhibits excess losses from 1.27 dB to 1.40 dB and crosstalk ranging from -13.303 dB to -11.034 dB in a wavelength range of 1.53-1.56 µm, and minimal excess loss and crosstalk are 1.27 dB and -13.303 dB at1.55 µm. The proposed polymer-based 1×2 all-optical switches could be novel devices in high-speed data transmission for optical circuitry.
Correlates of prevalent HIV infection among adolescents, young adults, and older adult female sex workers in Ghana: Analysis of data from the Ghana biobehavioral survey
Authors: Guure Chris , Dery Samuel , Afagbedzi Seth , Maya Ernest , da-Costa Vroom Frances Baaba , Torpey Kwasi
Published: November 2023

Background

Human immunodeficiency virus infection remains a high burden among key populations such as female sex workers in the world. We aimed to provide distribution of prevalence and correlates of Human immunodeficiency virus infection among adolescent, young, and older adult FSWs in Ghana.

Methods

This data was obtained from the biobehavioral survey of female sex workers (2020) in Ghana based on a time location sampling approach for the selection of respondents. A sampling frame was developed taking into consideration list of venues, days, and time that sex workers operate across all the regions of Ghana. These lists were derived from a sampling universe which was obtained during a mapping exercise. All sex workers aged 16 years and above and eligible on the day of visit participated. Human immunodeficiency virus testing was done based on First Response and Oraquick. To obtain estimates for sex workers, sampling weights were calculated and applied to the dataset. Inferential analyses using Bayesian regression models were applied with interaction effects.

Results

A total of 5,990 participants completed both the biological and behavioral aspects of the study. The HIV prevalence among female sex workers in Ghana was 4.67% (CI: 4.05%, 5.40%). About 70% of the respondents who tested positive for Human immunodeficiency virus were among the older adults (= >25 years) group. Generally, there was a high prevalence variation across the 16 regions of Ghana, from 0.00% to 8.40%. Respondents’ age was a significant contributor to the prevalence of HIV. Respondents who were forced into having sex had higher odds (38%) of being positive in the combined analysis. Respondents who had comprehensive knowledge of HIV had lower odds (39%) of testing positive.

Conclusion

The findings suggest a low prevalence of HIV among sex workers in 2020 compared to the 2011 and 2015 biobehavioral survey results but higher than the general population. Specifically, older adults have a higher prevalence of HIV. There is generally low level of comprehensive knowledge among sex workers. Interventions geared towards increasing FSW knowledge on risky behavior should be vigorously pursued.
Data glove-based gesture recognition using CNN-BiLSTM model with attention mechanism
Authors: Wu Jiawei , Ren Peng , Song Boming , Zhang Ran , Zhao Chen , Zhang Xiao
Published: November 2023

As a novel form of human machine interaction (HMI), hand gesture recognition (HGR) has garnered extensive attention and research. The majority of HGR studies are based on visual systems, inevitably encountering challenges such as depth and occlusion. On the contrary, data gloves can facilitate data collection with minimal interference in complex environments, thus becoming a research focus in fields such as medical simulation and virtual reality. To explore the application of data gloves in dynamic gesture recognition, this paper proposes a data glove-based dynamic gesture recognition model called the Attention-based CNN-BiLSTM Network (A-CBLN). In A-CBLN, the convolutional neural network (CNN) is employed to capture local features, while the bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) is used to extract contextual temporal features of gesture data. By utilizing attention mechanisms to allocate weights to gesture features, the model enhances its understanding of different gesture meanings, thereby improving recognition accuracy. We selected seven dynamic gestures as research targets and recruited 32 subjects for participation. Experimental results demonstrate that A-CBLN effectively addresses the challenge of dynamic gesture recognition, outperforming existing models and achieving optimal gesture recognition performance, with the accuracy of 95.05% and precision of 95.43% on the test dataset.
“They say to me ‘You want to be a high shot and be like a tourist’ so I stopped wearing shoes at home even though I know it is to protect my feet”. The perceptions of patients on foot complications
Authors: Ranuve Malakai Sovaki , Mohammadnezhad Masoud
Published: November 2023

Background

Diabetic Foot Ulceration (DFU) is one of the serious complications for people with diabetes and it is also the most devastating but yet preventable complication. This study aimed to explore the perceptions of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients on their foot complications and foot care practices in Fiji.

Methods

A qualitative study design was used to recruit T2DM patients attending Diabetic clinic in Rotuma Hospital, Fiji from July to September, 2021. Purposive sampling was used to recruit 27 patients until data saturation is happened. Semi-structured one-on-one in-depth interviews that were audio-recorded were used to collect data which was then transcribed and manually analyzed using thematic analysis method.

Results

This study found four main themes namely Knowledge and its determinants, Perceptions on personal practice and health care practice, Health seeking behaviors and Factors affecting footwear practices. T2DM patients had varying levels of knowledge about DFU and these levels of knowledge were attributed to lack of advice from healthcare providers, personal beliefs, culture and societal norms and lack of resources. Patients continued to practice self-care practices that they perceived to protect their feet from trauma and such practices have been passed down through a traditional knowledge system including stigma and beliefs. Culture and personal habits greatly impacted the practice of wearing footwear. Societal norms and traditions greatly impact how T2DM patients take care of their feet and their health in general.

Conclusion

Understanding personal beliefs and traditional influences surrounding the patients’ environment is paramount in order to effectively implement public health prevention strategies against DFU.
Longitudinal analysis of long-term outcomes of colorectal cancer after laparotomy and laparoscopic surgery: The Shizuoka study
Authors: Kojimahara Noriko , Sato Yasuto , Sato Yoko , Kojimahara Fumihiro , Takahashi Katsuyuki , Nakatani Eiji
Published: November 2023

Background

Long-term cancer prognosis after initial surgical procedures is an unlikely endpoint for clinical trials. Medical claim databases may aid in addressing this issue regardless of limited information on disease and patient background. However, the long-term prognosis (especially regarding long-term care needs) following surgical procedures remains unclear. This study aimed to assess whether long-term outcomes, such as the exacerbation of long-term care needs and mortality, differ with surgical methods.

Methods

Using a longitudinal study with linkage between medical claim and long-term care database, patients with primary colorectal cancer who underwent initial colonoscopies were identified through anonymized data in Japan (Shizuoka Kokuho Database, 2012–2018). Odds ratios (ORs) for long-term outcomes (long-term care needs and all-cause mortality during a 6.5-year follow-up period) were analyzed using logistic regression to compare laparoscopy and endoscopic surgery to laparotomy.

Results

Overall, 3,744 primary colorectal cancer cases (822 laparotomies, 705 laparoscopies, and 2,217 endoscopic surgeries) were included. Compared to the laparotomy group, the crude OR for exacerbation of long-term care needs in the laparoscopic surgery group was 0.376 (95% confidence interval, 0.227, 0.624), while the OR for all-cause mortality was 0.22 (0.329, 0.532).

Conclusion

This is the first study to analyze long-term prognosis after surgery for patients with colorectal cancer to combine medical and long-term needs data. As the national health insurance claim database rarely includes information on cancer stage and comorbidities, better prognosis on endoscopic surgery may need careful interpretation. Therefore, laparoscopy has superior outcomes in terms of long-term care needs and mortality compared to those of laparotomy.
Tendências e fundamentação teórica desenvolvidas em torno dos Arquivos de Família
Authors: Pereira Câmara Pedro Diogo
Published: November 2023

Neste artigo divulgam-se os resultados alcançados e as problemáticas teóricas e metodológicas decorrentes do tratamento do Arquivo da Família Calisto Pinto da Silva, inserindo-se as atividades de reorganização, descrição e estudo da História Familiar na prática supervisionada em Arquivística Histórica desenvolvida na Direção Regional do Arquivo e Biblioteca da Madeira. Após uma primeira parte em que se reflete criticamente acerca dos estudos e contributos de pesquisa e em que se analisa, de forma pormenorizada, a fundamentação teórica promovida em torno dos Arquivos de Família, procede-se à elaboração de uma breve História da instituição de acolhimento e ao relacionamento do objeto de estágio com as práticas empregues no Arquivo Regional. Por fim, descrevem-se as tarefas realizadas e as dificuldades adjacentes ao tratamento do Arquivo da Família Calisto Pinto da Silva, visando-se em primeira instância compreender o referido acervo na sua completude, enquadrá-lo face à questão central e explorar potencialidades de pesquisa e novas investigações no quadro da História Local e Regional, neste caso, do Arquipélago da Madeira.
Can Neuro-Linguistic Programming Transform the Intellectual Potential of Primary School Children?
Authors: Ghanem Diana , Manana Marwa , Tarhini Sarah , Awada Sanaa , Ismaiil Lina , Bou Assi Roula , Hatem Georges
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Neuro-linguistic programming (NLP) is a method that has stirred controversy, with its objective being the alteration of individuals' responses to stimuli, thereby influencing both their environment and personal behaviors. Deployed in various fields, such as education, NLP endeavors to support students in honing their skills and tackling academic, social, and behavioral challenges.

Objective: This research aims to investigate how Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) influences the intellectual capacity and abstract reasoning skills of primary school children aged 6 to 11.

Methods: A before-and-after intervention study was conducted over four months from April to July 2023. The study involved primary school children from a private urban school in Lebanon. The Raven’s Colored Progressive Matrices test was individually administered to assess the students' intellectual abilities before and after the NLP intervention. The intervention consisted of four sessions for teachers and one session for students.

Results: The study, which included 121 students (60.0% females, 40.0% males), revealed significant improvements in performance, particularly among older students aged 8 to 11. Substantial increases in mean scores were observed, such as 8-year-olds improving from 8.95 to 9.36 and 11-year-olds experiencing a remarkable boost from 6.86 to 12.69. Connectivity analysis indicated positive relationships between students' age and performance, with correlation coefficients of 0.328 before and 0.633 after the intervention. Similarly, there were strong correlations between grade level and performance, with coefficients of 0.385 before and 0.716 after the intervention, both statistically significant (p<0.001). Comparisons of intellectual abilities among students highlighted more significant improvements among older age groups, emphasizing the potential benefits of NLP, particularly for students between 9 and 11 years old.

Conclusion: Despite weaker correlations with parental factors, the study underscores the promising impact of NLP interventions on cognitive development, particularly among older students.
La supresión de la sedición y la modificación del delito de desórdenes: sobre el arte del trampantojo
Authors: Gómez Rivero Mª del Carmen
Published: November 2023

El trabajo aborda el alcance de las modificaciones operadas por la LO 14/2002, de 22 de diciembre, por la que se suprimió el delito de sedición y se introdujeron importantes novedades en el delito de desórdenes públicos. La presentación acompasada de ambas reformas ofrece elementos para interpretar que el nuevo tipo cualificado de desórdenes está llamado a cumplir el papel de sucesor del primero. El estudio pretende indagar si realmente el flamante precepto ha venido a cubrir todo o, al menos, parte del comportamiento antes penalizado bajo la calificación de la sedición y, caso de que así no sea, si es razonable concluir que ello supone una laguna de punibilidad que debiera ser subsanada.
On a version of hybrid existence result for a system of nonlinear equations
Authors: Bełdziński Michał , Galewski Marek , Kossowski Igor
Published: November 2023

By combining monotonicity theory related to the parametric version of the Browder-Minty theorem with fixed point arguments, hybrid existence results for a system of two operator equations are obtained. Applications are given to a system of boundary value problems with mixed nonlocal and Dirichlet conditions.
Digitale Disruption und biografische Verarbeitung
Authors: Kels Peter , Dröge Kai , Gisin Leila , Abbas Marina
Published: November 2023

Die Digitalisierung als globaler Megatrend transformiert nicht nur Branchen, Organisationen und Berufe, sondern erzeugt Veränderungsherausforderungen und Pfadbrüche, mit denen auf subjektiv-berufsbiografischer Ebene umgegangen werden muss. Unser Beitrag beleuchtet die Implikationen digitaler Transformationsprozesse in drei wissensintensiven Berufsfeldern (Kommunikation, Finanzen, ICT) auf Ebene der Biografiegestaltung. Auf Grundlage berufsbiografischer Fallanalysen anhand von Interviews rekonstruieren wir, wie Wissensarbeitende die Umbrüche in ihrem beruflichen Umfeld subjektiv erleben und im Lichte eigener Vorstellungen eines gelungenen Lebens und einer kohärenten beruflichen Biografie zu bewältigen und mitzugestalten versuchen. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Fähigkeit, berufliche Transitionen trotz ihres potenziell krisenhaften und erschütternden Charakters in eine kohärente, identitätsstiftende biografische Erzählung einzuweben, ein entscheidender Faktor gelingender Biografiegestaltung in Zeiten des Umbruchs ist.
APS calculator: a data-driven tool for setting outcome-based analytical performance specifications for measurement uncertainty using specific clinical requirements and population data
Authors: Çubukçu Hikmet Can , Vanstapel Florent , Thelen Marc , van Schrojenstein Lantman Marith , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco A. , Meško Brguljan Pika , Milinkovic Neda , Linko Solveig , Panteghini Mauro , Boursier Guilaine
Published: November 2023

Objectives

According to ISO 15189:2022, analytical performance specifications (APS) should relate to intended clinical use and impact on patient care. Therefore, we aimed to develop a web application for laboratory professionals to calculate APS based on a simulation of the impact of measurement uncertainty (MU) on the outcome using the chosen decision limits, agreement thresholds, and data of the population of interest.

Methods

We developed the “APS Calculator” allowing users to upload and select data of concern, specify decision limits and agreement thresholds, and conduct simulations to determine APS for MU. The simulation involved categorizing original measurand concentrations, generating measured (simulated) results by introducing different degrees of MU, and recategorizing measured concentrations based on clinical decision limits and acceptable clinical misclassification rates. The agreements between original and simulated result categories were assessed, and values that met or exceeded user-specified agreement thresholds that set goals for the between-category agreement were considered acceptable. The application generates contour plots of agreement rates and corresponding MU values. We tested the application using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data, with decision limits from relevant guidelines.

Results

We determined APS for MU of six measurands (blood total hemoglobin, plasma fasting glucose, serum total and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, and total folate) to demonstrate the potential of the application to generate APS.

Conclusions

The developed data-driven web application offers a flexible tool for laboratory professionals to calculate APS for MU using their chosen decision limits and agreement thresholds, and the data of the population of interest.
Physicochemical characterization, antioxidant and antifungal activities of essential oils of Urginea maritima and Allium sativum
Authors: Mzioud Khaoula , Habsaoui Amar , Imtara Hamada , Haida Sara , Rached Sara , Msairi Soukaina , Douira Allal , Alqahtani Ali S. , Noman Omar M. , Tarayrah Mahmoud , Touhami Mohamed Ebn
Published: November 2023

This study aims to contribute to the valorizing of aromatic and medicinal plants of Morocco by studying the antioxidant and antifungal properties of the essential oils (EOs) of Allium sativum (AS) (garlic) and Urginea maritima (Syn. Drimia maritima) tested in vitro. After the hydrodistillation of EOs, we determined their physicochemical indices according to an international standard (Moroccan ISO standard), and the chemical composition of the oils was studied by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then, the antioxidant properties were determined using the free radical scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and the ferric-reducing antioxidant power of these oils. The evaluation of the antifungal activity was carried out by the direct contact method against two fungal strains, Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium equiseti. GC-MS analysis revealed a significant percentage of terpenes in U. maritima EO, with terpinolene (21.82%) and estragole (6.24%) as the main compounds. Biological tests have demonstrated the remarkable antioxidant activities of this EO compared with AS EO, with an IC50 of 1.03 mg/mL and an RP0.5 of 1.60 mg/mL. On the other hand, while A. sativum (garlic) EO showed exceptional antifungal activities, with 100% inhibition and MICs of 0.5 µL/mL for F. equiseti and 2.5 µL/mL for F. oxysporum. Also, regardless of its antioxidant properties being moderate, this EO stands out for its efficacy against fungal infections of the Fusarium genus. In summary, the results suggest that U. maritima EO could be used as a natural source of antioxidants, while garlic EO could be considered a potentially effective treatment against fungal infections caused by Fusarium fungi.
A mathematical analysis of the impact of maternally derived immunity and double-dose vaccination on the spread and control of measles
Authors: Opoku Samuel , Seidu Baba , Akuka Philip N. A.
Published: November 2023

Measles is a highly communicable viral infection that mostly affects children aged 5 years and below. Maternal antibodies in neonates help protect them from infectious diseases, including measles. However, maternal antibodies disappear a few months after birth, necessitating vaccination against measles. A mathematical model of measles, incorporating maternal antibodies and a double-dose vaccination, was proposed. Whenever

ℛ

0

<
1

{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}\lt 1

, the model is shown to be locally asymptotically stable. This means that the measles disease can be eliminated under such conditions in a finite time. It was established that

ℛ

0

{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}

is highly sensitive to

β

\beta

(the transmission rate). A numerical simulation of the model using the Runge-Kutta fourth-order scheme was carried out, showing that varying the parameters to reduce

ℛ

0

{{\mathcal{ {\mathcal R} }}}_{0}

will help control the measles disease and ultimately lead to eradication. The measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine dosage should be adjusted for babies from recovered mothers, as maternal antibodies are usually high in such babies and can interfere with the effectiveness of the MMR vaccine.
Biogenic synthesis of silver nanoparticles usingConsolida orientalisflowers: Identification, catalytic degradation, and biological effect
Authors: Karan Tunay
Published: November 2023

Silver nanoparticles have attracted great attention due to their important usage areas recently. Silver nanoparticles were synthesizedvia Consolida orientalisflowers by green approach. The spectroscopic analyses characterized the synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs@Co). The surface plasmon resonance of AgNPs@Co was determined as 425 nm by UV-Vis. The particle size was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) as 9.7 nm using the Scherrer equation. XRD analysis at 2θwith the angle of 38.17°, 44.29°, 57.49°, and 77.36° corresponded to planes [111, 020, 202, and 131] demonstrating the fcc structure. In addition, transmission electron microscopy analysis presented the particle size to be 11.9 nm as spherical. The functional moiety of bioactive compounds was displayed by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis, and a characteristic hydroxyl was detected at 3,274 cm−1. The zeta potential revealed the stability of nanoparticles as −20.3 mV. The signals at 2.3–3.4 keV in energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy proved the nanostructure. The catalytic activity of AgNPs@Co was executed using methylene blue in the treatment of sodium borohydride and degradation was determined as 71% in 45 min. Antioxidant of extract and nanoparticles was carried out using 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) and superoxide assays. The nanoparticles and extract exhibited good antioxidant activity with the values of 9.3 ± 0.2 and 11.2 ± 0.6 in the DPPH assay, respectively, in comparison with the standard butyl hydroxyanisole (6.5 ± 0.4). The silver nanoparticles may be a good antioxidant agent for drug development and the food industry.