bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flow in a Simulated Turbine Blade Cooling Channel With Spatially Varying Roughness Caused by Additive Manufacturing Orientation
Authors: McClain Stephen T. , Hanson David R. , Cinnamon Emily , Snyder Jacob C. , Kunz Robert F. , Thole Karen A.
Published: March 2021

Because of the effects of gravity acting on the melt region created during the laser sintering process, additively manufactured surfaces that are pointed upward have been shown to exhibit roughness characteristics different from those seen on surfaces that point downward. For this investigation, the roughness internal flow tunnel (RIFT) and computational fluid dynamics models were used to investigate flow in channels with different roughness on opposing walls of the channel. Three rough surfaces were employed for the investigation. Two of the surfaces were created using scaled, structured-light scans of the upskin and downskin surfaces of an Inconel 718 component which was created at a 45 deg angle to the printing surface and documented by Snyder et al. (2015). A third rough surface was created for the RIFT investigation using a structured-light scan of a surface similar to the Inconel 718 downskin surface, but a different scaling was used to provide larger roughness elements in the RIFT. The resulting roughness dimensions (Rq/Dh) of the three surfaces used were 0.0064, 0.0156, and 0.0405. The friction coefficients were measured over the range of 10,000 < ReDh < 70,000 for each surface opposed by a smooth wall and opposed by each of the other rough walls. At multiple ReDh values, x-array hot-film anemometry was used to characterize the velocity and turbulence profiles for each roughness combination. The friction factor variations for each rough wall opposed by a smooth wall approached complete turbulence. However, when rough surfaces were opposed, the surfaces did not reach complete turbulence over the Reynolds number range investigated. The results of inner variable analysis demonstrate that the roughness function (ΔU+) becomes independent of the roughness condition of the opposing wall providing evidence that Townsend’s hypothesis holds for the relative roughness values expected for additively manufactured turbine blade cooling passages.
Experiment-Based Preliminary Design Guidelines for Consideration of Profile Vortex Shedding From Low-Speed Axial Fan Blades
Authors: Daku Gábor , Vad János
Published: March 2021

This paper presents hot-wire measurements in a wind tunnel, close downstream of basic models of blade sections being representative for low-speed, low-Reynolds number axial fans, in order to explore the signatures of vortex shedding (VS) from the blade profiles. Using the Rankine-type vortex approach, an analytical model was developed on the velocity fluctuation represented by the vortex streets, as an aid in evaluating the experimental data. The signatures of profile VS were distinguished from blunt trailing-edge VS based on Strouhal numbers obtained from the measurements in a case-specific manner. Utilizing the experimental results, the semi-empirical model available in the literature for predicting the frequency of profile VS was extended to low-speed axial fan applications. On this basis, quantitative guidelines were developed for the consideration of profile VS in preliminary design of axial fans in the moderation of VS-induced blade vibration and noise emission.
Experimental Investigation on a Thin-Loop Heat Pipe With New Evaporator Structure
Authors: Ueno A. , Tomita S. , Nagano H.
Published: March 2021

This paper presents thin-loop heat pipes (tLHPs) with evaporator thickness of 1 mm and a one-way transport length of 200 mm. Grooves and liquid cores are mounted on the evaporator case in the design of a flat evaporator. Liquid cores play a critical role in reducing the pressure drop in the wick and in increasing the path length for heat transfer. A one-dimensional steady model was applied to the design of the tLHP. New tLHPs with thin evaporator (26 × 24 × t1 mm3) were fabricated by a three-dimensional printer. First, two kinds of tLHP systems were (type-1) fabricated with different wick materials—microglass paper (MGP) and Shirasu porous glass (SPG). Ethanol was selected as a working fluid. The experimental results showed the both LHPs can transport heat up to 12 W. Second, the evaporator structure was modified based on the experimental results with the type-1 tLHP, and the tLHP with SPG wick (type-2) was fabricated. The experimental results demonstrated the stable operation. The operation temperature was 83 °C, and the thermal resistance became 1.98 °C/W. The power cycle test at the range of a heat load from 5 to 10 W was also conducted. No temperature hysteresis was observed during three cycles.
The effects of bifenazate on life history traits and population growth of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae)

Authors: Havasi Mohammadreza , Alsendi Ayad , Bozhgani Nniloufar Sangak Sani , Kheradmand Katayoon , Sadeghi Reza
Published: March 2021

Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) is a notorious crop pest with a worldwide distribution that has developed resistance to a wide range of acaricides. Combined tactics of pest management have special significance not only for a reduction in pesticide residues but also to maintain the natural enemy activity, which is an objective of IPM programs. Here, we investigated the effect of low-lethal concentrations of bifenazate at LC10, LC20, and LC30 on development and reproduction parameters of Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae). Lethal and sub-lethal concentrations were estimated using leaf dip bioassay method. The crude data were analyzed based on age-stage, two-sex life table analysis. Toxicological assays showed bifenazate treatments gradually decreased the longevity and total life span of both sexes. Our results indicated that reproductive and total fecundity of the next generation were also affected by sublethal concentrations. All concentrations caused a significant decline in oviposition days, compared to the control. The intrinsic rate of increase (rm) varied from 0.1344 to 0.1151 day-1 for the mites treated with distilled water and LC30 treatments, respectively. The finite rate of increase (λ) was affected by the acaricide concentration (lowest at LC30 concentration: 1.1221 day-1). Bifenazate concentration (LC10, LC20 and LC30) treatments gradually reduced the gross reproduction rate (GRR) and net reproductive rate (R0). Based on obtained results from current study, bifenazate is not a favorable acaricide with A. swiriskii and cannot be recommended to use with this predatory mite in integrated management.
Revision of the oribatid mite genus Mucrobates Balogh & Mahunka, 1979 (Acari, Oribatida, Scheloribatidae)
Authors: Ermilov Sergey G. , Kontschán Jenő
Published: March 2021

The oribatid mite genus Mucrobates (Oribatida, Scheloribatidae) is revised, based on type species (Mucrobates fissuratus) and one new species (Mucrobates cayoaguaensis sp. nov.) which is described from leaf litter in Panama. The new species differs from the type species by the smaller body size, the presence of triangular carina at the lateral margin of the coxisternum, and the absence of pedotectum II. New diagnosis for Mucrobates is proposed and the correctness and value of some morphological generic traits (e.g. number of ventral lyrifissures; structure of pedotectum II; leg tibia thorn-like process) are discussed, resulting in the following proposals: status of Mucrobates is supported, it differs mostly from the related genera in Oripodoidea by having strong anterodorsal thorn-like process on leg tibiae III and IV. The species Mucrobates microsetosus Ermilov & Kalúz, 2012 is removed from Mucrobates and included in the subgenus Scheloribates (Hemileius).
Redefining the concept of hydration water near soft interfaces
Authors: Martelli Fausto , Calero Carles , Franzese Giancarlo
Published: March 2021

Water determines the properties of biological systems. Therefore, understanding the nature of the mutual interaction between water and biosystems is of primary importance for a proper assessment of any biological activity, e.g., the efficacy of new drugs or vaccines. A convenient way to characterize the interactions between biosystems and water is to analyze their impact on water density and dynamics in the proximity of the interfaces. It is commonly accepted that water bulk density and dynamical properties are recovered at distances of the order of 1 nm away from the surface of biological systems. This notion leads to the definition of hydration or biological water as the nanoscopic layer of water covering the surface of biosystems and to the expectation that all the effects of the water-interface interaction are limited to this thin region. Here, we review some of our latest contributions, showing that phospholipid membranes affect the water dynamics, structural properties, and hydrogen bond network at a distance that is more than twice as large as the commonly evoked ∼1nm thick layer and of the order of 2.4 nm. Furthermore, we unveil that at a shorter distance ∼0.5nm from the membrane, instead, there is an additional interface between lipid-bound and unbound water. Bound water has a structural role in the stability of the membrane. Our results imply that the concept of hydration water should be revised or extended and pave the way to a deeper understanding of the mutual interactions between water and biological systems.
Shear waves in a nonlinear relaxing media: A three-dimensional perspective
Authors: Saccomandi Giuseppe , Vianello Maurizio S.
Published: March 2021

An important one-dimensional rheological model for the propagation of a linearly polarized shear wave was recently obtained and proposed by Cormack and Hamilton [(2018). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 143(2), 1035–1048]. We show that it is possible to embed such a result within a wider and complete set of general three-dimensional models derived within the theoretical framework of rigorous continuum mechanics. We show that, following this approach, we are able to derive in a simple and straightforward way the equations that govern the propagation of circularly polarized shear waves. When the phase of such waves is constant, we find the same equation for linearly polarized shear waves already proposed elsewhere. Moreover, we show that, under appropriate asymptotic assumptions, our results are indifferent with respect to the choice of the objective time derivative used in the constitutive class.
Shear-induced breakdown and agglomeration in nanoparticles filled polymer: The shift of phase boundary and kinetics
Authors: Li Benke , Guo Ying , Steeman Paul , Bulters Markus , Yu Wei
Published: March 2021

For the nanoparticle-filled polymers, weak attractive interactions between nanoparticles lead to agglomeration and even formation of a network of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix. Both the agglomeration and the deagglomeration (breakdown) of the particle network are affected by the shear flow, resulting in shear-induced liquid-solid (L-S) transition and shear-induced solid-liquid (S-L) transition, respectively. In this study, we quantify the percolation threshold of both transitions under shear-induced agglomeration and shear-induced breakdown processes. Both the present shear condition and the preshear condition affect the percolation threshold, which turns to only shear rate dependence under steady shear condition, indicating no shear hysteresis. A scaling relation is suggested to describe the percolation threshold at low shear rate. The critical strains at both S-L and L-S transitions are inversely proportional to the distance of the particle concentration to the percolation concentration under steady shear. The apparent phase boundary under shear, represented by the shear rate and shear history-dependent percolation threshold, is further conceptually converted to the space of structural parameter, from which the possible transitions pathway under steady shear are discussed.
Soybean Root Nodule and Rhizosphere Microbiome: Distribution of Rhizobial and Nonrhizobial Endophytes
Authors: Mayhood Parris , Mirza Babur S.
Published: March 2021

Soybean (
Glycine max
L.) is a valuable food crop that also contributes significantly to soil nitrogen by developing a symbiotic association with nitrogen-fixing rhizobia. Bacterial endophytes (both rhizobial and nonrhizobial) are considered critical for the growth and resilience of the legume host.
The Role of Replication Clamp-Loader Protein HolC of Escherichia coli in Overcoming Replication/Transcription Conflicts
Authors: Cooper Deani L. , Harada Taku , Tamazi Samia , Ferrazzoli Alexander E. , Lovett Susan T.
Published: March 2021

Transcription elongation complexes present an impediment to DNA replication. We provide evidence that one component of the replication clamp loader complex, HolC, of
Escherichia coli
is required to overcome these blocks.
B Lymphocytes, but Not Dendritic Cells, Efficiently HIV-1
Trans
Infect Naive CD4
+
T Cells: Implications for the Viral Reservoir
Authors: Gerberick Abigail , DeLucia Diana C. , Piazza Paolo , Alaoui-El-Azher Mounia , Rinaldo Charles R. , Sluis-Cremer Nicolas , Rappocciolo Giovanna
Published: March 2021

The latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reservoir in persons on antiretroviral therapy (ART) represents a major barrier to a cure. Although most studies have focused on the HIV-1 reservoir in the memory T cell subset, replication-competent HIV-1 has been isolated from T
N
, and CCR5-tropic HIV-1 has been recovered from CCR5
neg
T
N
from ART-suppressed HIV-1-infected individuals.
Chitosan and Chitin Deacetylase Activity Are Necessary for Development and Virulence of Ustilago maydis
Authors: Rizzi Yanina S. , Happel Petra , Lenz Sandra , Urs Mounashree J. , Bonin Martin , Cord-Landwehr Stefan , Singh Ratna , Moerschbacher Bruno M. , Kahmann Regine
Published: March 2021

The basidiomycete
Ustilago maydis
causes smut disease in maize, causing substantial losses in world corn production. This nonobligate pathogen penetrates the plant cell wall with the help of appressoria and then establishes an extensive biotrophic interaction, where the hyphae are tightly encased by the plant plasma membrane.
Sputum Proteome Signatures of Mechanically Ventilated Intensive Care Unit Patients Distinguish Samples with or without Anti-pneumococcal Activity
Authors: Seinen Jolien , Engelke Rudolf , Abdullah Mohammed R. , Voß Franziska , Michalik Stephan , Dhople Vishnu M. , Dieperink Willem , de Smet Anne Marie G. A. , Völker Uwe , van Dijl Jan Maarten , Schmidt Frank , Hammerschmidt Sven
Published: March 2021

Respiratory pathogens like
Streptococcus pneumoniae
can cause severe pneumonia. Nonetheless, mechanically ventilated intensive care patients, who have a high risk of contracting pneumonia, rarely develop pneumococcal pneumonia.
Rectovaginal extragastrointestinal stromal tumour (EGIST): an additional entity to be considered in the differential diagnosis of tumours of the rectovaginal septum
Authors: Addley Susan , Alazzam Moiad , Johnson Catherine , Soleymani majd Hooman
Published: March 2021

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are rare - and rectovaginal extragastrointestinal stromal tumours (RV-EGISTs) even rarer. We share a case of RV-EGIST, complemented by high-quality radiological and surgical images. A review of current literature pertaining to RV-EGIST is also included. Our case report highlights the diagnostic challenge presented by extragastrointestinal stromal tumours. Differentiated from overlapping pathologies only by targeted application of immunohistopathology and cytogenetics, the inclusion of RV-EGIST in the differential diagnosis of a rectovaginal tumour is essential to making this correct diagnosis. Primary surgery is the treatment of choice for RV-EGIST if complete cytoreduction can be achieved, combined with adjuvant tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapy for those with high-risk features to further reduce rates of future recurrence.
What is the financial burden to patients of accessing surgical care in Sierra Leone? A cross-sectional survey of catastrophic and impoverishing expenditure
Authors: Phull Manraj , Grimes Caris E , Kamara Thaim B , Wurie Haja , Leather Andy J M , Davies Justine
Published: March 2021

Objectives

To measure the financial burden associated with accessing surgical care in Sierra Leone.

Design

A cross-sectional survey conducted with patients at the time of discharge from tertiary-level care. This captured demographics, yearly household expenditure, direct medical, direct non-medical and indirect costs for surgical care, and summary household assets. Missing data were imputed.

Setting

The main tertiary-level hospital in Freetown, Sierra Leone.

Participants

335 surgical patients under the care of the hospital surgical team receiving operative or non-operative surgical care on the surgical wards.

Outcome measures

Rates of catastrophic expenditure (a cost >10% of annual expenditure), impoverishment (being pushed into, or further into, poverty as a result of surgical care costs), amount of out-of-pocket (OOP) costs and means used to meet these costs were derived.

Results

Of 335 patients interviewed, 39% were female and 80% were urban dwellers. Median yearly household expenditure was US$3569. Mean OOP costs were US$243, of which a mean of US$24 (10%) was spent prehospital. Of costs incurred during the hospital admission, direct medical costs were US$138 (63%) and US$34 (16%) were direct non-medical costs. US$46 (21%) were indirect costs. Catastrophic expenditure affected 18% of those interviewed. Concerning impoverishment, 45% of patients were already below the national poverty line prior to admission, and 9% of those who were not were pushed below the poverty line following payment for surgical care. 84% of patients used household savings to meet OOP costs. Only 2% (six patients) had health insurance.

Conclusion

Obtaining surgical care has substantial economic impacts on households that pushes them into poverty or further into poverty. The much-needed scaling up of surgical care needs to be accompanied by financial risk protection.
Experiences and perceptions of patients with psoriatic arthritis participating in a trial of faecal microbiota transplantation: a nested qualitative study
Authors: Kragsnaes Maja Skov , Sødergren Shaun Theodor , Kjeldsen Jens , Horn Hans Christian , Munk Heidi Lausten , Pedersen Jens Kristian , Klinkby Camilla Schufri , de Wit Maarten , Ahlmark Nanna Gram , Tjørnhøj-Thomsen Tine , Ellingsen Torkell
Published: March 2021

Objectives

Patients’ first-hand experiences of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) performed in a rheumatological care setting have yet to be elucidated. The objectives were to explore participants’ perceptions of being part of an FMT trial thereby identifying potential trial participation effects and enlightening the patient perspective on the outlook for future FMT trials in rheumatic diseases.

Design

In a qualitative study nested within a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial (RCT) testing FMT as a potential new antirheumatic treatment, semistructured telephone interviews were conducted following the trial participants’ final 26-week visit. Qualitative researchers, who did not take part in the main trial, performed the interviews and the primary analysis. The experiences explored related to the conduct of the RCT and changes in the participants’ everyday life. The analysis was carried out using a thematic approach.

Setting

A Danish rheumatology university outpatient clinic with nationwide inclusion.

Participants

The study included 10 patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) who were unaware of their treatment allocation (FMT/sham transplantation) and completed the final 26-week trial visit.

Results

Participation in the RCT influenced the patients’ understanding of PsA and induced positive changes in their everyday life. Renewed hopes for the future in addition to a feeling of enhanced care contributed to significant trial participation effects. FMT was deemed a tolerable and safe treatment.

Conclusions

Discrepancies between the clinical and the research setting should be considered when discussing the clinical relevance of the results of the RCT. Overall, patients with PsA who have participated in an RCT testing FMT find the treatment acceptable and safe encouraging more research into the field of microbiota-targeted interventions in rheumatic diseases.

Trial registration number

NCT03058900; Pre-results.
Effects of living kidney donation on arterial stiffness: a systematic review protocol
Authors: Rodriguez Rosendo A , Trentin Sonoda Mayra , Agharazii Mohsen , Shorr Risa , Burns Kevin D
Published: March 2021

Introduction

Kidney donors have been reported to have accelerated progression of aortic stiffness and decreased glomerular filtration compared with healthy non-donors. This is a concern because increased aortic stiffness is an independent predictor of overall cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality in the general population. To confirm if arterial stiffness increases after donation, we will systematically review all studies that evaluated indices of arterial stiffness in healthy individuals who underwent unilateral nephrectomy for kidney donation compared with age-matched healthy non-nephrectomised controls.

Methods/analysis

We will comprehensively search for studies published between 1 January 1960 and 15 March 2021 in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central, OVID and EBM reviews. All prospective (cohort, case–control, case series and before-and-after studies) and retrospective non-randomised studies reporting indices of arterial stiffness in nephrectomised and non-nephrectomised healthy participants will be included. Primary outcome will be the difference in the functional metrics of arterial stiffness between donors and non-donors. Secondary outcomes will be the differences in systolic/diastolic blood pressures, serum creatinine, glomerular filtration, carotid artery intima–media thickness and vascular calcification. Study screening, selection and data extraction will be performed by two independent reviewers. Risk of bias will be independently assessed with the ROBINS-I tool and confidence in evidence by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation recommendations. Qualitative and quantitative data syntheses as well as clinical and statistical heterogeneity (Forest plots, I2and Cochran’s Q statistics) will be evaluated. If clinical and statistical heterogeneity are acceptable, inverse variance-weighted effects will be analysed by random effect models.

Ethics and dissemination

No ethical approval is necessary. Our results will be disseminated through peer-review publication and presentations to guide stakeholders on the evaluation and follow-up care of kidney donors.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020185551.
Cumulative protective factors are associated with decreased risk for prescription opioid misuse among high school students
Authors: Timpe Zach , Clayton Heather B , Andrzejewski Jack , Phillips Chanel , Conklin Sarah , Bohm Michele K
Published: March 2021

Background

Multiple protective factors at the individual and environmental levels have been associated with prescription opioid misuse (POM) among adolescents. The literature may benefit by extending this research to consider the association between cumulative protective factors and current (ie, within the past 30 days) POM.

Methods

The 2017 Virginia Youth Survey (part of the Youth Risk Behaviour Surveillance System) (N=3697) was used to investigate recent POM and the presence of individual and cumulative protective factors among high school students. Youth were asked to indicate whether they had engaged POM within the past 30 days. A set of protective factors representing youths’ internal assets (eg, aspirational plans for education) and external resources (eg, family meals, safe school environment) were investigated as predictors of current POM, followed by testing of a cumulative protective factor score. Logistic regression models estimated ORs and 95% CIs.

Results

When including demographics and risk factors in the model, none of the individual protective factors were significantly associated with current POM. Alternatively, the cumulative protective factor score was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds of current POM.

Conclusions

The cumulative protective factor score was significantly associated with a decrease in the odds of current POM among high school students in Virginia. Programmes designed to provide multiple forms of support may be effective strategies for preventing current POM.
Suicide risk with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and other new-generation antidepressants in adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies
Authors: Hengartner Michael P , Amendola Simone , Kaminski Jakob A , Kindler Simone , Bschor Tom , Plöderl Martin
Published: March 2021

Background

There is ongoing controversy whether antidepressant use alters suicide risk in adults with depression and other treatment indications.

Methods

Systematic review of observational studies, searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, PsycARTICLES and SCOPUS for case–control and cohort studies. We included studies on depression and various indications unspecified (including off-label use) reporting risk of suicide and/or suicide attempt for adult patients using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) and other new-generation antidepressants relative to non-users. Effects were meta-analytically aggregated with random-effects models, reporting relative risk (RR) estimates with 95% CIs. Publication bias was assessed via funnel-plot asymmetry and trim-and-fill method. Financial conflict of interest (fCOI) was defined present when lead authors’ professorship was industry-sponsored, they received industry-payments, or when the study was industry-sponsored.

Results

We included 27 studies, 19 on depression and 8 on various indications unspecified (n=1.45 million subjects). SSRI were not definitely related to suicide risk (suicide and suicide attempt combined) in depression (RR=1.03, 0.70–1.51) and all indications (RR=1.19, 0.88–1.60). Any new-generation antidepressant was associated with higher suicide risk in depression (RR=1.29, 1.06–1.57) and all indications (RR=1.45, 1.23–1.70). Studies with fCOI reported significantly lower risk estimates than studies without fCOI. Funnel-plots were asymmetrical and imputation of missing studies with trim-and-fill method produced considerably higher risk estimates.

Conclusions

Exposure to new-generation antidepressants is associated with higher suicide risk in adult routine-care patients with depression and other treatment indications. Publication bias and fCOI likely contribute to systematic underestimation of risk in the published literature.

Registration

Open Science Framework,https://osf.io/eaqwn/
Active spheres induce Marangoni flows that drive collective dynamics
Authors: Wittmann Martin , Popescu Mihail N. , Domínguez Alvaro , Simmchen Juliane
Published: March 2021

For monolayers of chemically active particles at a fluid interface, collective dynamics is predicted to arise owing to activity-induced Marangoni flow even if the particles are not self-propelled. Here, we test this prediction by employing a monolayer of spherically symmetric active $$\hbox {TiO}_2$$

TiO
2

particles located at an oil–water interface with or without addition of a nonionic surfactant. Due to the spherical symmetry, an individual particle does not self-propel. However, the gradients produced by the photochemical fuel degradation give rise to long-ranged Marangoni flows. For the case in which surfactant is added to the system, we indeed observe the emergence of collective motion, with dynamics dependent on the particle coverage of the monolayer. The experimental observations are discussed within the framework of a simple theoretical mean-field model.

Graphic abstract
CD39/CD73/A2a Adenosine Metabolic Pathway: Targets for Moxibustion in Treating DSS-Induced Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Zhu Yuanbing , Zhuang Zhiqi , Wu Qiaofeng , Lin Sirui , Zhao Na , Zhang Qun , Xie Lushuang , Yu Shuguang
Published: March 2021

Ulcerative Colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammation disease, and the incidence of UC is increasing recently. Both clinical trials and animal experiments show that moxibustion is a complementary and alternative treatment for UC. Previous studies showed that moxibustion can improve UC by regulating the balance of Tregs and Th17 (Sun et al., 2017). Treg cells is one subset of CD4[Formula: see text] T cells that exert the immunosuppressive function. CD39 and CD73, expressed on the surface of Tregs, hydrolyze ATP to AMP and are further involved in the immunosuppressive function of Tregs. In this study, we investigated the effect of moxibustion on CD39[Formula: see text] Tregs and CD73[Formula: see text] Tregs in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induced UC mice. The A2a receptor (A2aR), one of the targets of adenosine, was also detected. The results showed that moxibustion could increase the expression of CD39, CD73, and A2aR in colonic tissue and improve the proportion of CD39[Formula: see text] Tregs and CD73[Formula: see text] Tregs in peripheral blood, inguinal draining lymph nodes and spleen in the UC model. Additionally, A2aR agonists enhanced the cell viability of colonic epithelial cells and inhibit the production of cytokines IL-6 and TNF-[Formula: see text] in vitro, which may further influence the pathway of ATP purine signal metabolism and alleviates the gut inflammation of UC mice. Taken together, this study provides supplemental evidence to reveal the immune related mechanism of moxibustion in the treatment of UC.
Detailed investigation of dynamic of Bose–Einstein condensation with two, three body and higher-order interactions
Authors: Üzar Neslihan
Published: March 2021

In this study, we investigate the effects of three body and higher-order interactions (HOIs) with two-body interaction on ground state properties of Bose–Einstein condensation (BEC) for combined optical and harmonic potentials in detail by solving new modified Gross–Pitaevskii equation (GPE). In fact, the basis of the study is combinations of attractive and repulsive two-body interaction with other attractive and repulsive interaction types. The obtained results show that taking into account higher order and three-body interactions collectively support to stabilize the BEC system regardless of repulsive or attractive two-body interaction. When repulsive (attractive) binary interaction exists in the system, having at least one attractive (repulsive) interaction type makes the system stable. Also, the stability of the BEC system is discussed by the calculating energy. The energy of the system is determined by semi-analytical approach. Finally, the chemical potential of system is calculated according to different possible combined interaction types. It is observed that generally, the sign of the chemical potential is determined by sign of the strongest interaction in the system, especially three-body interaction. Detailed results are given in this paper.
Study of Mn–Co–Ni–O thin films incorporated with Cu and Cu/Sc elements and properties of the detectors
Authors: Zhang Fei , Zhou Wei , Huang Zhiming
Published: March 2021

Thin films [Formula: see text] (MCNO), [Formula: see text] (MCNCuO) and [Formula: see text] (MCNCuScO) are prepared by Chemical Solution Deposition method. The results show that the addition of Cu and Cu/Sc elements can reduce the grain boundary energy and the grain boundary angle to improve the single crystal degree of MCNO thin film. Through the analysis of MCNCuScO thin film, it is found that the stability of spinel structure mainly depends on the octahedron rather than tetrahedron. The bandgap of the samples from small to large is separately MCNCuScO, MCNCuO and MCNO films. The absorptivity within the waveband of [Formula: see text] plays a decisive role in the performance of the detector. At the same frequency, the MCNCuO thin film detector has the highest voltage responsivity, followed by the MCNCuScO thin film detector, while the MCNO film detector has the lowest responsivity.
An ambient approach to conformal geodesics
Authors: Fine Joel , Herfray Yannick
Published: March 2021

Conformal geodesics are distinguished curves on a conformal manifold, loosely analogous to geodesics of Riemannian geometry. One definition of them is as solutions to a third-order differential equation determined by the conformal structure. There is an alternative description via the tractor calculus. In this article, we give a third description using ideas from holography. A conformal [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text] can be seen (formally at least) as the asymptotic boundary of a Poincaré–Einstein [Formula: see text]-manifold [Formula: see text]. We show that any curve [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text] has a uniquely determined extension to a surface [Formula: see text] in [Formula: see text], which we call the ambient surface of[Formula: see text]. This surface meets the boundary [Formula: see text] in right angles along [Formula: see text] and is singled out by the requirement that it be a critical point of renormalized area. The conformal geometry of [Formula: see text] is encoded in the Riemannian geometry of [Formula: see text]. In particular, [Formula: see text] is a conformal geodesic precisely when [Formula: see text] is asymptotically totally geodesic, i.e. its second fundamental form vanishes to one order higher than expected.

We also relate this construction to tractors and the ambient metric construction of Fefferman and Graham. In the [Formula: see text]-dimensional ambient manifold, the ambient surface is a graph over the bundle of scales. The tractor calculus then identifies with the usual tensor calculus along this surface. This gives an alternative compact proof of our holographic characterization of conformal geodesics.
Cascaded Nonlinear Mass Fluctuation Stochastic Resonance System and Its Application in Bearing Fault Diagnosis
Authors: Zhang Gang , Wang Hui , Zhang Tian Qi
Published: March 2021

Stochastic resonance (SR) can realize bearing fault signal diagnosis by transferring noisy energy. In order to enhance the output response of the system and realize effective signal extraction, the nonlinear mass fluctuation SR system caused by nonlinear asymmetric dichotomous noise is cascaded to obtain the cascaded nonlinear mass fluctuation SR system. First, the output amplitude gain of the first-stage of the system is derived, and the influence of different parameters on it is explored; then the effects of different parameters of the cascaded system on the output amplitude gain and the output SNR are studied separately, which proves that the cascaded system can effectively double enhance the output response of the system; finally, the adaptive genetic algorithm is used to solve the difficulty of parameter adjustment, and the cascaded nonlinear mass fluctuation SR system is applied to the bearing fault diagnosis. The system proposed in this paper takes into account the effects of nonlinear asymmetric dichotomous noise and cascaded systems and performs waveform smoothing and double enhancement of the output signal. It can better extract fault signals and has effective engineering value.
Controlled g-fusion frame in Hilbert space
Authors: Liu Hanbing , Huang Yongdong , Zhu Fengjuan
Published: March 2021

Fusion frame is a generalization of frame, which can analyze signals by projecting them onto multidimensional subspaces. Controlled fusion frame as generalization of fusion frame, it can improve the numerical efficiency of iterative algorithms for inverting the fusion frame operators. In this paper, we first introduce the notion of controlled g-fusion frame, discuss several properties of controlled g-fusion Bessel sequence. Then, we present some sufficient conditions and some characterizations of controlled g-fusion frames. Finally, we study the sum of controlled g-fusion frames.
Quantum calculus of Fibonacci divisors and infinite hierarchy of Bosonic–Fermionic Golden quantum oscillators
Authors: Pashaev Oktay K.
Published: March 2021

Starting from divisibility problem for Fibonacci numbers, we introduce Fibonacci divisors, related hierarchy of Golden derivatives in powers of the Golden Ratio and develop corresponding quantum calculus. By this calculus, the infinite hierarchy of Golden quantum oscillators with integer spectrum determined by Fibonacci divisors, the hierarchy of Golden coherent states and related Fock–Bargman representations in space of complex analytic functions are derived. It is shown that Fibonacci divisors with even and odd [Formula: see text] describe Golden deformed bosonic and fermionic quantum oscillators, correspondingly. By the set of translation operators we find the hierarchy of Golden binomials and related Golden analytic functions, conjugate to Fibonacci number [Formula: see text]. In the limit [Formula: see text], Golden analytic functions reduce to classical holomorphic functions and quantum calculus of Fibonacci divisors to the usual one. Several applications of the calculus to quantum deformation of bosonic and fermionic oscillator algebras, [Formula: see text]-matrices, geometry of hydrodynamic images and quantum computations are discussed.
Binormal schrodinger system of Heisenberg ferromagnetic equation in the normal direction with Q-HATM approach
Authors: Korpinar Talat , Demirkol Ridvan Cem , Korpinar Zeliha
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we first study the applications of the wave propagation flow in the normal direction, which is assumed to be the path of the propagated light radiated by Heisenberg ferromagnetic equation. Then the Coriolis phase is mainly used to demonstrate the relationship between the geometric magnetic phase and parallel transportation of the wave propagation field of the evolving light radiating in the normal orientation with Heisenberg ferromagnetic equation. Moreover, we investigate the geometric magnetic interpretation of the binormal evolution of the wave propagation field in the normal direction by considering the nonlinear fractional system with the repulsive type. Finally, we obtain numerical fractional solutions for the nonlinear fractional systems with the repulsive type by using the [Formula: see text]-Homotopy analysis transform ([Formula: see text]-HATM) method.
Matching polynomials for some nanostar dendrimers
Authors: Movahedi Fateme
Published: March 2021

Dendrimers are highly branched monodisperse, macromolecules and are considered in nanotechnology with a variety of suitable applications. In this paper, the matching polynomial and some results of the matchings for three classes of nanostar dendrimers are obtained. Furthermore, we express the recursive formulas of the Hosoya index for these structures of dendrimers by their matching polynomials.
Cyberattacks and Countermeasures for In-Vehicle Networks
Authors: Aliwa Emad , Rana Omer , Perera Charith , Burnap Peter
Published: March 2021

As connectivity between and within vehicles increases, so does concern about safety and security. Various automotive serial protocols are used inside vehicles such as Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), and FlexRay. CAN Bus is the most used in-vehicle network protocol to support exchange of vehicle parameters between Electronic Control Units (ECUs). This protocol lacks security mechanisms by design and is therefore vulnerable to various attacks. Furthermore, connectivity of vehicles has made the CAN Bus vulnerable not only from within the vehicle but also from outside. With the rise of connected cars, more entry points and interfaces have been introduced on board vehicles, thereby also leading to a wider potential attack surface. Existing security mechanisms focus on the use of encryption, authentication, and vehicle Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), which operate under various constraints such as low bandwidth, small frame size (e.g., in the CAN protocol), limited availability of computational resources, and real-time sensitivity. We survey and classify current cryptographic and IDS approaches and compare these approaches based on criteria such as real-time constraints, types of hardware used, changes in CAN Bus behaviour, types of attack mitigation, and software/ hardware used to validate these approaches. We conclude with mitigation strategies limitations and research challenges for the future.
Deep AI Enabled Ubiquitous Wireless Sensing
Authors: Li Chenning , Cao Zhichao , Liu Yunhao
Published: March 2021

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT), many kinds of wireless signals (e.g., Wi-Fi, LoRa, RFID) are filling our living and working spaces nowadays. Beyond communication, wireless signals can sense the status of surrounding objects, known as
wireless sensing
, with their reflection, scattering, and refraction while propagating in space. In the last decade, many sophisticated wireless sensing techniques and systems were widely studied for various applications (e.g., gesture recognition, localization, and object imaging). Recently, deep Artificial Intelligence (AI), also known as Deep Learning (DL), has shown great success in computer vision. And some works have initially proved that deep AI can benefit wireless sensing as well, leading to a brand-new step toward ubiquitous sensing. In this survey, we focus on the evolution of wireless sensing enhanced by deep AI techniques. We first present a general workflow of Wireless Sensing Systems (WSSs) which consists of signal pre-processing, high-level feature, and sensing model formulation. For each module, existing deep AI-based techniques are summarized, further compared with traditional approaches. Then, we provide a view of issues and challenges induced by combining deep AI and wireless sensing together. Finally, we discuss the future trends of deep AI to enable ubiquitous wireless sensing.
Understanding Cultural Preferences for Social Robots
Authors: Korn Oliver , Akalin Neziha , Gouveia Ruben
Published: March 2021

This article presents a study of cultural differences affecting the acceptance and design preferences of social robots. Based on a survey with 794 participants from Germany and the three Arab countries of Egypt, Jordan, and Saudi Arabia, we discuss how culture influences the preferences for certain attributes. We look at social roles, abilities and appearance, emotional awareness and interactivity of social robots, as well as the attitude toward automation. Preferences were found to differ not only across cultures, but also within countries with similar cultural backgrounds. Our findings also show a nuanced picture of the impact of previously identified culturally variable factors, such as attitudes toward traditions and innovations. While the participants’ perspectives toward traditions and innovations varied, these factors did not fully account for the cultural variations in their perceptions of social robots. In conclusion, we believe that more real-life practices emerging from the situated use of robots should be investigated. Besides focusing on the impact of broader cultural values such as those associated with religion and traditions, future studies should examine how users interact, or avoid interaction, with robots within specific contexts of use.
Patterns and Processes of Diploidization in Land Plants
Authors: Li Zheng , McKibben Michael T.W. , Finch Geoffrey S. , Blischak Paul D. , Sutherland Brittany L. , Barker Michael S.
Published: March 2021

Most land plants are now known to be ancient polyploids that have rediploidized. Diploidization involves many changes in genome organization that ultimately restore bivalent chromosome pairing and disomic inheritance, and resolve dosage and other issues caused by genome duplication. In this review, we discuss the nature of polyploidy and its impact on chromosome pairing behavior. We also provide an overview of two major and largely independent processes of diploidization: cytological diploidization and genic diploidization/fractionation. Finally, we compare variation in gene fractionation across land plants and highlight the differences in diploidization between plants and animals. Altogether, we demonstrate recent advancements in our understanding of variation in the patterns and processes of diploidization in land plants and provide a road map for future research to unlock the mysteries of diploidization and eukaryotic genome evolution.
Development and Molecular Genetics ofMarchantia polymorpha
Authors: Kohchi Takayuki , Yamato Katsuyuki T. , Ishizaki Kimitsune , Yamaoka Shohei , Nishihama Ryuichi
Published: March 2021

Bryophytes occupy a basal position in the monophyletic evolution of land plants and have a life cycle in which the gametophyte generation dominates over the sporophyte generation, offering a significant advantage in conducting genetics. Owing to its low genetic redundancy and the availability of an array of versatile molecular tools, including efficient genome editing, the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has become a model organism of choice that provides clues to the mechanisms underlying eco-evo-devo biology in plants. Recent analyses of developmental mutants have revealed that key genes in developmental processes are functionally well conserved in plants, despite their morphological differences, and that lineage-specific evolution occurred by neo/subfunctionalization of common ancestral genes. We suggest that M. polymorpha is an excellent platform to uncover the conserved and diversified mechanisms underlying land plant development.
Adaptive Enrichment Designs in Clinical Trials
Authors: Thall Peter F.
Published: March 2021

Adaptive enrichment designs for clinical trials may include rules that use interim data to identify treatment-sensitive patient subgroups, select or compare treatments, or change entry criteria. A common setting is a trial to compare a new biologically targeted agent to standard therapy. An enrichment design's structure depends on its goals, how it accounts for patient heterogeneity and treatment effects, and practical constraints. This article first covers basic concepts, including treatment-biomarker interaction, precision medicine, selection bias, and sequentially adaptive decision making, and briefly describes some different types of enrichment. Numerical illustrations are provided for qualitatively different cases involving treatment-biomarker interactions. Reviews are given of adaptive signature designs; a Bayesian design that uses a random partition to identify treatment-sensitive biomarker subgroups and assign treatments; and designs that enrich superior treatment sample sizes overall or within subgroups, make subgroup-specific decisions, or include outcome-adaptive randomization.
Compositional Data Analysis
Authors: Greenacre Michael
Published: March 2021

Compositional data are nonnegative data carrying relative, rather than absolute, information—these are often data with a constant-sum constraint on the sample values, for example, proportions or percentages summing to 1% or 100%, respectively. Ratios between components of a composition are important since they are unaffected by the particular set of components chosen. Logarithms of ratios (logratios) are the fundamental transformation in the ratio approach to compositional data analysis—all data thus need to be strictly positive, so that zero values present a major problem. Components that group together based on domain knowledge can be amalgamated (i.e., summed) to create new components, and this can alleviate the problem of data zeros. Once compositional data are transformed to logratios, regular univariate and multivariate statistical analysis can be performed, such as dimension reduction and clustering, as well as modeling. Alternative methodologies that come close to the ideals of the logratio approach are also considered, especially those that avoid the problem of data zeros, which is particularly acute in large bioinformatic data sets.