bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Discrepancy between peripapillary retinal and choroidal microvasculature and the rate of localized retinal nerve fiber layer thinning in glaucoma
Authors: Lee Seung Hyen , Lee Eun Ji , Kim Tae-Woo
Published: April 2023

This observational case series study is conducted to compare the extent of microvasculature impairment in the peripapillary retina and choroid in eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), and to investigate the association of the discrepancy between the microvasculature impairments of each layer with the rate of progressive retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning. A total of 88 POAG eyes with a localized RNFL defect were enrolled, including 67 eyes with and 21 eyes without choroidal microvasculature dropout (CMvD). Circumferential widths of retinal microvascular impairment (RMvI) and CMvD were measured, and eyes were classified based on the relative width of CMvD to RMvI (CMvD/RMvI ratio). The rate of RNFL thinning was determined by linear regression based on ≥ 5 serial OCT examinations. Thinner global RNFL and worse visual field mean deviation at baseline were associated with a larger circumferential width of the RMvI, whereas the presence of cold extremities, lower mean arterial pressure and thinner juxtapapillary choroid were associated with a larger circumferential width of the CMvD. The rate of global RNFL thinning was faster in eyes with larger relative CMvD width than in eyes with equal CMvD and RMvI widths and in eyes without CMvD (P = 0.001). Lower mean arterial pressure (P = 0.041), larger CMvD width (P = 0.046), larger CMvD/RMvI ratio (P = 0.041), and detection of disc hemorrhage during the follow-up (P = 0.013) were significant factors associated with faster global RNFL thinning. Larger CMvD width relative to RMvI width may be indicative of an increased risk of faster RNFL thinning in POAG with localized RNFL defect. Comparing the microvasculature impairment in individual layers may help predict more rapid glaucoma progression.
Caesarean section and childhood obesity at age 3 years derived from the Japan Environment and Children’s Study
Authors: Terashita Shintaro , Yoshida Taketoshi , Matsumura Kenta , Hatakeyama Takehiro , Inadera Hidekuni ,   The Japan Environment and Children’s Study (JECS) Group, Kamijima Michihiro , Yamazaki Shin , Ohya Yukihiro , Kishi Reiko , Yaegashi Nobuo , Hashimoto Koichi , Mori Chisato , Ito Shuichi , Yamagata Zentaro , Inadera Hidekuni , Nakayama Takeo , Sobue Tomotaka , Shima Masayuki , Nakamura Hiroshige , Suganuma Narufumi , Kusuhara Koichi , Katoh Takahiko , Kamijima Michihiro
Published: April 2023

Caesarean section (CS) birth is widely reported to be a risk factor for childhood obesity. Although susceptibility to childhood obesity is influenced by race and ethnicity, it is unclear whether this risk of childhood obesity with CS birth also applies in the Japanese population. We investigated the impact of CS birth on obesity at 3 years of age in Japanese children. We obtained data from 60,769 mother–toddler pairs in the Japan Environment and Children’s Study, a large-scale birth cohort study. Obesity was determined by body mass index measured at 3 years of age. Analysis revealed that 11,241 toddlers (18.5%) had a CS birth and that 4912 toddlers (8.1%) were obese. The adjusted risk ratio for obesity at 3 years of age when born by CS compared with vaginal delivery, estimated using inverse probability of treatment weighting, was 1.16 (95% confidence interval 1.08–1.25). These results suggest that CS birth modestly increases the risk of obesity at 3 years of age in Japanese children.
Performance characterization of freeform finished surfaces of potassium dihydrogen phosphate using fluid jet polishing with a nonaqueous slurry
Authors: Urban Nathaniel D. , Kafka Kyle R. P. , Jang Ji-Mi , Hoffman Brittany N. , Marshall Kenneth L. , Emms Rhys , Walker David , Demos Stavros G.
Published: April 2023

Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) and its deuterated analog (DKDP) are unique nonlinear optical materials for high power laser systems. They are used widely for frequency conversion and polarization control by virtue of the ability to grow optical-quality crystals at apertures suitable for fusion-class laser systems. Existing methods for freeform figuring of KDP/DKDP optics do not produce surfaces with sufficient laser-induced–damage thresholds (LIDT’s) for operation in the ultraviolet portion of high-peak-power laser systems. In this work, we investigate fluid jet polishing (FJP) using a nonaqueous slurry as a sub-aperture finishing method for producing freeform KDP surfaces. This method was used to selectively polish surface areas to different depths on the same substrate with removals ranging from 0.16 μm to 5.13 μm. The finished surfaces demonstrated a slight increase in roughness as the removal depth increased along with a small number of fracture pits. Laser damage testing with 351 nm, 1 ns pulses demonstrated excellent surface damage thresholds, with the highest values in areas devoid of fracture pits. This work demonstrates, for the first time, a method that enables fabrication of a waveplate that provides tailored polarization randomization that can be scaled to meter-sized optics. Furthermore, this method is based on FJP technology that incorporates a nonaqueous slurry specially designed for use with KDP. This novel nonaqueous FJP process can be also used for figuring other types of materials that exhibit similar challenging inherent properties such as softness, brittleness, water-solubility, and temperature sensitivity.
Glycolysis inhibition partially resets epilepsy-induced alterations in the dorsal hippocampus-basolateral amygdala circuit involved in anxiety-like behavior
Authors: Khatibi Vahid Ahli , Salimi Morteza , Rahdar Mona , Rezaei Mahmoud , Nazari Milad , Dehghan Samaneh , Davoudi Shima , Raoufy Mohammad Reza , Mirnajafi-Zadeh Javad , Javan Mohammad , Hosseinmardi Narges , Behzadi Gila , Janahmadi Mahyar
Published: April 2023

Pharmacoresistant temporal lobe epilepsy affects millions of people around the world with uncontrolled seizures and comorbidities, like anxiety, being the most problematic aspects calling for novel therapies. The intrahippocampal kainic acid model of temporal lobe epilepsy is an appropriate rodent model to evaluate the effects of novel interventions, including glycolysis inhibition, on epilepsy-induced alterations. Here, we investigated kainic acid-induced changes in the dorsal hippocampus (dHPC) and basolateral amygdala (BLA) circuit and the efficiency of a glycolysis inhibitor, 2-deoxy D-glucose (2-DG), in resetting such alterations using simultaneous local field potentials (LFP) recording and elevated zero-maze test. dHPC theta and gamma powers were lower in epileptic groups, both in the baseline and anxiogenic conditions. BLA theta power was higher in baseline condition while it was lower in anxiogenic condition in epileptic animals and 2-DG could reverse it. dHPC-BLA coherence was altered only in anxiogenic condition and 2-DG could reverse it only in gamma frequency. This coherence was significantly correlated with the time in which the animals exposed themselves to the anxiogenic condition. Further, theta-gamma phase-locking was lower in epileptic groups in the dHPC-BLA circuit and 2-DG could considerably increase it.
Impairments following COVID-19 infection: manifestations and investigations of related factors
Authors: Badinlou Farzaneh , Forsström David , Jansson-Fröjmark Markus , Abzhandadze Tamar , Lundgren Tobias
Published: April 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic had a major global impact on the health and wellbeing for many individuals. Even though the infection rates have gone down due to the availability of vaccines, the consequences of the disease are still present due to persistent symptoms among individuals. The aim of the current study was to map long‐term impairments in individuals infected with COVID-19 by applying the framework of the World Health Organization’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and also investigate the factors related to the context of an individual’s life influencing the impairments. A web-survey that targeted individuals that had been infected with COVID-19 was used. The survey included a range of measures covering contextual factors and factors related to body functions and structures and post-COVID impairments. A total of 501 individuals were included in the study (with a mean age of 47.6 years). 96% of the respondents reported at least one moderate-to-severe impairment due to COVID-19 infection and the most frequent one was fatigue. In that, 79.6% and 86.9% of the study sample reported moderate-to-severe brain fatigue and tiredness or lack of energy, respectively. Severity of COVID-19 infection appeared as the strongest risk factor for post-COVID impairments. Based on the results, interventions can be tailored to help individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. This could be one way lessening the effect of COVID-19 on health care and society as a whole.
Low level of HIV-1C integrase strand transfer inhibitor resistance mutations among recently diagnosed ART-naive Ethiopians
Authors: Kiros Mulugeta , Tefera Dessalegn Abeje , Andualem Henok , Geteneh Alene , Tesfaye Abebech , Woldemichael Tamirayehu Seyoum , Kidane Eleni , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Maier Melanie , Mihret Adane , Abegaz Woldaregay Erku , Mulu Andargachew
Published: April 2023

With the widespread use of Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs), surveillance of HIV-1 pretreatment drug resistance is critical in optimizing antiretroviral treatment efficacy. However, despite the introduction of these drugs, data concerning their resistance mutations (RMs) is still limited in Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to assess INSTI RMs and polymorphisms at the gene locus coding for Integrase (IN) among viral isolates from ART-naive HIV-1 infected Ethiopian population. This was a cross-sectional study involving isolation of HIV-1 from plasma of 49 newly diagnosed drug-naive HIV-1 infected individuals in Addis-Ababa during the period between June to December 2018. The IN region covering the first 263 codons of blood samples was amplified and sequenced using an in-house assay. INSTIs RMs were examined using calibrated population resistance tool version 8.0 from Stanford HIV drug resistance database while both REGA version 3 online HIV-1 subtyping tool and the jumping profile Hidden Markov Model from GOBICS were used to examine HIV-1 genetic diversity. Among the 49 study participants, 1 (1/49; 2%) harbored a major INSTIs RM (R263K). In addition, blood specimens from 14 (14/49; 28.5%) patients had accessory mutations. Among these, the M50I accessory mutation was observed in a highest frequency (13/49; 28.3%) followed by L74I (1/49; 2%), S119R (1/49; 2%), and S230N (1/49; 2%). Concerning HIV-1 subtype distribution, all the entire study subjects were detected to harbor HIV-1C strain as per the IN gene analysis. This study showed that the level of primary HIV-1 drug resistance to INSTIs is still low in Ethiopia reflecting the cumulative natural occurrence of these mutations in the absence of selective drug pressure and supports the use of INSTIs in the country. However, continues monitoring of drug resistance should be enhanced since the virus potentially develop resistance to this drug classes as time goes by.
Acute COPD exacerbation treatment with noninvasive ventilation
Authors: Ralf Ewert , Heine Alexander , Obst Anne , Koerner Karoline , Hustig-Kittler Veit , Boesche Michael , Elhadad Mohamed , Stubbe Beate , Westhoff Michael
Published: April 2023

The establishment of a guideline for long-term noninvasive ventilation treatment (LTH-NIV) of acute hypercapnic exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) requiring acute ventilation has proven elusive. Most studies thus far have shown no mortality benefit of long-term noninvasive ventilation treatment. Using retrospective analysis of the data of our patients (n = 143) recruited from 2012 to 2019, we aimed to compare patients discharged with and without long-term noninvasive ventilation. The follow-up results showed no significant difference (p = 0.233) between the groups [LTH-NIV (n = 83); non-NIV (n = 60)] regarding readmission due to clinical worsening. However, the first- and second-year survival rates were 82% and 72%, respectively, in the LTH-NIV group and significantly different (p = 0.023) from 67 and 55% in the non-NIV group. The statistical models showed a significant mortality risk for the non-NIV group, with a hazard ratio (HR) of 2.82 (1.31; 6.03). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the mortality benefit of long-term NIV therapy for patients with AECOPD under real-world conditions.
Evaluating the stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation by combining statistical methods and a neural network model
Authors: Fu Tonglin , Li Xinrong
Published: April 2023

The stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation determines the success or failure of restoration of degraded ecosystem, accurately evaluating the stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation can provide evidence for the future management and maintenance of re-vegetated regions. In this paper, a novel data-driven evaluation model was proposed by combining statistical methods and a neural network model to evaluate the stability of artificial sand-binding vegetation in the southeastern margins of the Tengger Desert, where the evaluation indexes were selected from vegetation, soil moisture, and soil. The evaluation results indicate that the stability of the artificially re-vegetated belt established in different years (1956a, 1964a, 1981a, and 1987a) tend to be stable with the increase of sand fixation years, and the artificially re-vegetated belts established in 1956a and 1964a have almost the same stability, but the stability of the artificially re-vegetated belt established in 1981a and 1987a have a significant difference. The evaluation results are reliable and accurate, which can provide evidence for the future management of artificial sand-binding vegetation.
Low-irradiance inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli during prolonged exposure to ultraviolet-C radiation
Authors: Mohsin Muhammad Salman , Fitzpatrick Katrina , Avdic Melisa , Fiorentino Joshua , Lanzarini-Lopes Mariana
Published: April 2023

There is growing interest in using continuous, low-irradiance germicidal ultraviolet (UV) radiation to prevent bacterial attachment and growth on surfaces. However, inactivation kinetics at those low (μW cm−2) irradiance values are well understood.
Assignment of the absolute configuration of secondary alcohols by 13C NMR and its correlation with methyl-1-(chloromethyl)-oxopyrrolidine-2-carboxylate and quantum-mechanical GIAO calculations
Authors: Torales Eréndira , Fomine Serguei , Cárdenas Jorge
Published: April 2023

The diastereoisomers from a chiral derivatizing agent with secondary alcohols allowed the assignment of the absolute configuration by 13C NMR spectroscopy.
Fabricating 3D freestanding metamaterials on elastic substrates via the shadow metal-sputtering and plastic deformation
Authors: Zou Qiushun , Ou-Yang Jian , She Xiaoyi , Shen Yang , Jin Chongjun
Published: April 2023

Herein, we report a novel approach to fabricating various 3D freestanding plasmonic micro/nanostructures on elastic substrates by using the shadow metal-sputtering and plastic deformation.
Carbon monoxide separation: past, present and future
Authors: Ma Xiaozhou , Albertsma Jelco , Gabriels Dieke , Horst Rens , Polat Sevgi , Snoeks Casper , Kapteijn Freek , Eral Hüseyin Burak , Vermaas David A. , Mei Bastian , de Beer Sissi , van der Veen Monique Ann
Published: April 2023

This review discusses the developments in CO separation techniques in the last few decades and the gaps in knowledge it leaves, as well as sources of CO, both traditional and emerging, which would benefit from improved CO separation.
Selectively attacking tumor cells of Ru/Ir–arene complexes based on meclofenamic acid via cyclooxygenase-2 inhibition
Authors: Huang Yuanlei , Lv Mengdi , Guo Binglian , Hu Guojing , Qian Yong , Su Zhi , Xue Xuling , Liu Hong-Ke
Published: April 2023

In this work, we found that MA-bpy-Ru show high cytotoxicity to MCF-7 cells. It can increase ROS, decrease MMP, induce apoptosis and eventually autophagy. It also inhibits the expression of COX-2 and PGE2, which may help activate antitumor immunity.
Magnetic relaxation in unique nitronyl nitroxide biradical-Ln–Cu chains with Ln-bis(NIT)–Cu-bis(NIT)–Ln units
Authors: Han Jing , Jin Chaoyi , Wang Xiaotong , Huang Xiaohui , Song Hongwei , Xie Junfang , Li Licun
Published: April 2023

Unprecedented biradical-Ln–Cu zigzag chains have been successfully achieved using a nitronyl nitroxide biradical with a pyridine group, and the DyCu derivative exhibits magnetic relaxation behavior.
Emerging investigator series: enhancing the degradation of ciprofloxacin in water using Oxone activated by urchin-like cubic and hollow-structured cobalt@N-doped carbon prepared by etching-engineering: a comparative study with mechanistic and eco-toxic assessments
Authors: Tuan Duong Dinh , Park Young-Kwon , Wen Jet-Chau , Bui Ha Manh , Duan Xiaoguang , Ghanbari Farshid , Ghotekar Suresh , Chen Wei-Hsin , Lin Kun-Yi Andrew
Published: April 2023

Enhancing the degradation of ciprofloxacin in water using Oxone activated by urchin-like cubic and hollow-structured cobalt@N-doped carbon.
Plant antimicrobial peptides: a comprehensive review of their classification, production, mode of action, functions, applications, and challenges
Authors: Zou Fanglei , Tan Chunming , Shinali Tharushi S. , Zhang Bo , Zhang Lili , Han Zixin , Shang Nan
Published: April 2023

The emergence of pathogens resistant to conventional antibiotics and the growing interest in developing alternative natural antimicrobial agents have prompted a search for plant-derived antimicrobial peptides (PAMPs) in recent years.
Controlling the toxicity of biomass-derived difunctional molecules as potential pharmaceutical ingredients for specific activity toward microorganisms and mammalian cells
Authors: Chang Hochan , Chang Douglas H. , Stamoulis Alexios G. , Huber George W. , Lynn David M. , Palecek Sean P. , Dumesic James A.
Published: April 2023

A biomass-derived difuran molecule can be converted to difunctional compounds by Diels–Alder reaction with N-substituted maleimides. Acid-catalyzed retro Diels–Alder reaction of difunctional compounds can promote the eradication of microorganisms.
An optimization method based on spatial confinement for direct detection of laser-induced particle flow
Authors: Chen Hongjie , Dong Meirong , Cai Junbin , Shang Zihan , Li Zhichun , Tang Feiqiang , Lu Jidong
Published: April 2023

Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has the advantages of on-line, rapid and multi-element synchronous detection.
Preparation of a low dielectric POSS/epoxy hybrid polymer without sacrificing the mechanical performance
Authors: Zhang Pengbo , Xue Kangle , Liu Hailong , Song Zidie , Sun Xiaoxue , Yao Tongjie , Liu Li
Published: April 2023

Epoxy resins are the most widely used adhesives. Nevertheless, the high dielectric constant (Dk) and dielectric loss (Df) drastically limit their application in fifth-generation (5G) technologies.
A combined theoretical and experimental investigation on the photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 on Cu/ZnO polar surface
Authors: Xiao Han , Lian Yihong , Zhang Shiduo , Zhang Minyi , Zhang Jiye , Li Chunsen
Published: April 2023

The photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO2 by Cu-deposited ZnO (Cu/ZnO) polar surfaces is investigated through density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with experimental work.
Photodegradation of carbonic anhydrase by iridium complexes for induction of immunogenic cell death under hypoxia
Authors: Ling Yu-Yi , Kong Ya-Jie , Hao Liang , Pan Zheng-Yin , Mao Zong-Wan , Tan Cai-Ping
Published: April 2023

Ir3 is reported to photodegrade CAIX under hypoxia, which improve the cancer immune microenvironment, and induce immunogenic pyroptosis through lipid peroxidation under hypoxia.
A sulfur monoxide complex of platinum fluoride with a positively charged ligand
Authors: Leng Deji , Xiong Zhixin , Hu Jingwen , Zhu Tiejian , Chen Xiuting , Gong Yu
Published: April 2023

A sulfur monoxide complex of platinum difluoride was preparedviaisomerization of Pt(SOF2) under UV-vis irradiation in argon matrixes. Both experimental and theoretical results indicate the presence of a positively charged SO ligand.
Influence of ionic liquid and oleic acid assisted methods on the spectroscopic properties of Nd3+-doped GdPO4 nano-particles
Authors: Pawłów J. , Zdończyk M. , Guzik M. , Boulon G. , Guyot Y. , Wilk-Kozubek M. , Mudring A.-V. , Cybińska J.
Published: April 2023

TEM analysis revealed the most homogenous nano-material obtained via an ionic liquid microwave-assisted method. The energy level diagram for Nd3+ ions in GdPO4 was proposed for high-quality materials obtained from the ionic liquid precursor.
N6-methyladenosine (m6A)-connected lncRNAs are linked to survival and immune infiltration in glioma patients
Authors: Wu Wei Jun , Xiao Feng , Xiong Yaping , Sun Gu Feng , Guo Yun , Zhou Xiang , Hu Guo Wen , Huang Kai , Guo Hua
Published: April 2023

Background: The connection between m6A-assiociateed lncRNAs and prognosis has been demonstrated in multiple types of tumors. However, potential roles of m6A-assiociateed lncRNAs in glioma is still rare.

Methods: We implemented consensus cluster analysis to group the downloaded samples into two subtypes. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) analysis was used to create a risk model. Additionally, the conjunction between m6A-related lncRNAs and immune cells infiltration was explored by conducting the R package. Ultimately, we inspected the underlying downstream pathways of the two subtypes by performing Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). The expression level of m6A-connected lncRNAs in glioma were examined by conducting in vitro experiments.

Results: We ascertained two subtypes of glioma in line with the consensus clustering of m6A-associated lncRNAs. We confirmed that age, grade, and IDH are related to the two subtypes. Additionally, the immune cells infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules of the two clusters were discussed. A risk signature including AL359643.3, AL445524.1, AL162231.2, AL117332.1, AP001486.2, POLR2J4, AC120036.4, LINC00641, LINC00900, CRNDE, and AL158212.3, was identified using the Cox regression and LASSO analyses. We also verified the prognostic value and discussed the immune cells infiltration and immune checkpoint molecules of the risk signature. In vitro experiments verified that the m6A-associated lncRNAs was abnormally expressed in glioma.

Conclusion: We elaborated the significant role of m6A-connected lncRNAs in glioma prognosis and immune infiltration and suggest that these key regulators may serve as underlying therapeutic targets to build up the efficacy of glioma immunotherapy.
PPP1R81 correlates with the survival and cell proliferation in lower-grade glioma
Authors: Xiao Feng , Jie Xinfang , Zhou Xiang , Guo Yun , Sun Gu Feng , Lin Li , Hu Guo Wen , Huang Kai , Guo Hua
Published: April 2023

Background: The specific functions of PPP1R81 has been elucidated in multiple cancers; however, its role in lower-grade glioma (LGG) remains unknown. In this research, we inspected the specific role of PPP1R81 in LGG.

Methods: We totally evaluated the expression pattern and prognostic role of PPP1R81 in multitudinous tumors. Subsequently, we systematically examined the connection between PPP1R81 expression and prognosis, clinical characteristics, biological functions, genetic variations, and immunological characteristics in LGG according to the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Altas (CGGA) databases. In vitro experiments were executed to inspect the expression level and specific roles of PPP1R81 in LGG.

Results: PPP1R81 was elevated in multiple tumors and was tightly linked to a poor prognosis. LGG with higher expression of PPP1R81 showed poorer prognosis compared with lower expression of PPP1R81. The results of univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses confirmed that the expression of PPP1R81 was an independent prognostic biomarker of LGG. Immune cell infiltration, immune checkpoint genes (ICPGs), copy number alterations (CNA), and tumor mutation burden (TMB) were also closely associated with PPP1R81 expression in LGG. In vitro experiments demonstrated that PPP1R81 was up-regulated and closely interrelated with cell proliferation and cell cycle in LGG.

Conclusion: PPP1R81 was an independent prognostic signature and underlying therapeutic target for patients with LGG.
The building blocks of caveolae revealed: caveolins finally take center stage
Authors: Kenworthy Anne K.
Published: April 2023

The ability of cells to divide, migrate, relay signals, sense mechanical stimuli, and respond to stress all rely on nanoscale invaginations of the plasma membrane known as caveolae. The caveolins, a family of monotopic membrane proteins, form the inner layer of the caveolar coat. Caveolins have long been implicated in the generation of membrane curvature, in addition to serving as scaffolds for signaling proteins. Until recently, however, the molecular architecture of caveolins was unknown, making it impossible to understand how they operate at a mechanistic level. Over the past year, two independent lines of evidence — experimental and computational — have now converged to provide the first-ever glimpse into the structure of the oligomeric caveolin complexes that function as the building blocks of caveolae. Here, we summarize how these discoveries are transforming our understanding of this long-enigmatic protein family and their role in caveolae assembly and function. We present new models inspired by the structure for how caveolins oligomerize, remodel membranes, interact with their binding partners, and reorganize when mutated. Finally, we discuss emerging insights into structural differences among caveolin family members that enable them to support the proper functions of diverse tissues and organisms.
The leaky gut and the gut microbiome in sepsis – targets in research and treatment
Authors: Chancharoenthana Wiwat , Kamolratanakul Supitcha , Schultz Marcus J. , Leelahavanichkul Asada
Published: April 2023

Both a leaky gut (a barrier defect of the intestinal surface) and gut dysbiosis (a change in the intestinal microbial population) are intrinsic to sepsis. While sepsis itself can cause dysbiosis, dysbiosis can worsen sepsis. The leaky gut syndrome refers to a status with which there is an increased intestinal permeability allowing the translocation of microbial molecules from the gut into the blood circulation. It is not just a symptom of gastrointestinal involvement, but also an underlying cause that develops independently, and its presence could be recognized by the detection, in blood, of lipopolysaccharides and (1→3)-β-D-glucan (major components of gut microbiota). Gut-dysbiosis is the consequence of a reduction in some bacterial species in the gut microbiome, as a consequence of intestinal mucosal immunity defect, caused by intestinal hypoperfusion, immune cell apoptosis, and a variety of enteric neuro-humoral-immunity responses. A reduction in bacteria that produce short-chain fatty acids could change the intestinal barriers, leading to the translocation of pathogen molecules, into the circulation where it causes systemic inflammation. Even gut fungi might be increased in human patients with sepsis, even though this has not been consistently observed in murine models of sepsis, probably because of the longer duration of sepsis and also antibiotic use in patients. The gut virobiome that partly consists of bacteriophages is also detectable in gut contents that might be different between sepsis and normal hosts. These alterations of gut dysbiosis altogether could be an interesting target for sepsis adjuvant therapies, e.g., by faecal transplantation or probiotic therapy. Here, current information on leaky gut and gut dysbiosis along with the potential biomarkers, new treatment strategies, and future research topics are mentioned.
Your Vestibular Thresholds May Be Lower Than You Think: Cognitive Biases in Vestibular Psychophysics
Authors: Gonzalez Elena Lopez-Contreras , King Susan A. , Karmali Faisal
Published: April 2023

Purpose:

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in measuring vestibular perceptual thresholds, which quantify the smallest motion that a subject can reliably perceive, to study physiology and pathophysiology. These thresholds are sensitive to age, pathology, and postural performance. Threshold tasks require decisions to be made in the presence of uncertainty. Since humans often rely on past information when making decisions in the presence of uncertainty, we hypothesized that (a) perceptual responses are affected by their preceding trial; (b) perceptual responses tend to be biased opposite of the “preceding response” because of cognitive biases but are not biased by the “preceding stimulus”; and (c) when fits do not account for this cognitive bias, thresholds are overestimated. To our knowledge, these hypotheses are unaddressed in vestibular and direction-recognition tasks.

Conclusions:

Results in normal subjects supported each hypothesis. Subjects tended to respond opposite of their preceding response (not the preceding stimulus), indicating a cognitive bias, and this caused an overestimation of thresholds. Using an enhanced model (MATLAB code provided) that considered these effects, average thresholds were lower (5.5% for yaw, 7.1% for interaural). Since the results indicate that the magnitude of cognitive bias varies across subjects, this enhanced model can reduce measurement variability and potentially improve the efficiency of data collection.
Hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet stars: Helium stars with envelope-inflation structure and rotation
Authors: Lu Xizhen , Zhu Chunhua , Liu Helei , Guo Sufen , Yu Jinlong , Lü Guoliang
Published: April 2023

Context. Observations have shown that the effective temperature of hydrogen-free Wolf-Rayet (WR) stars is considerably lower than that of the standard model, which means that the radius of the observed H-free WR stars is several times larger than that estimated by the standard model. The envelope inflation structure (EIS) caused by the radiation luminosity being close to the Eddington luminosity in the iron opacity peak region of H-free WR stars may be the key to resolving the radius problem of H-free WR stars.

Aims. We study the structure and evolution of helium (He) stars with the EIS and discuss the influence of rotation on these He stars. We aim to explain the radius problem of H-free WR stars observed in the Milky Way (MW) and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) through the He stars.

Methods. Using the Modules for Experiments in Stellar Astrophysics code, we compute the evolution of He stars with and without MLT++ prescriptions, and discuss their effects on the EIS. We calculated the evolution of He stars using a new mass-loss rate formula and three different relative rotational velocities and compared our results with observations on Hertzsprung–Russell diagrams.

Results. The EIS has different effects on the structure and evolution of He stars with different masses. Due to the luminosity well below the Eddington limit, low-mass He stars with an initial mass of less than 12 M⊙ do not produce EIS with or without the MLT++ prescription. High-mass He stars with an initial mass exceeding 12 M⊙ and without the MLT++ prescription produce the EIS. Since the EIS is Eddington factor Γ-dependent, its radius increases with the increase in metallicity and decreases with rotational velocity increase. For rotating low-mass He stars, since the rotational mixing timescale is smaller than the evolutionary timescale, rotational mixing can increase the lifetime and allow He stars to evolve into WC stars during the helium giant phase. For rotating high-mass He stars, since rotation increases the mass-loss rate, the radius of the EIS decreases as rotational velocity increases. The rotation-decay timescale of rapidly rotating He stars is very short, and the rapidly rotating He stars only appear within the first one-tenth of their lifetime, which is consistent with the observations of WR stars.

Conclusions. The low-luminosity (log(L/L⊙)≤5.2) H-free WR stars in the MW and the LMC can be explained by the helium giant phase in low-mass He stars, the high XC and XO in WC stars can only evolve through low-mass He stars with a rapid rotation. High-mass He stars with the EIS can explain H-free WR stars with a luminosity exceeding 105.7 L⊙ and an effective temperature above 104.7 K in the MW. They can also explain H-free WR stars on the right-hand side of the He zero-age main sequence in the LMC. High-mass stars with the EIS evolve into WO stars at the final evolution stage, and the shorter lifetime fraction is consistent with the small number of observed WO stars.
Post-dynamical inspiral phase of common envelope evolution
Authors: Gagnier Damien , Pejcha Ondřej
Published: April 2023

After the companion dynamically plunges through the primary’s envelope, the two cores remain surrounded by a common envelope and the decrease of the orbital period Porb stalls. The subsequent evolution has never been systematically explored with multidimensional simulations. For this study, we performed 3D hydrodynamical simulations of an envelope evolving under the influence of a central binary star using an adaptively refined spherical grid. We followed the evolution over hundreds of orbits of the central binary to characterize the transport of angular momentum by advection, gravitational torques, turbulence, and viscosity. We find that local advective torques from the mean flow and Reynolds stresses associated with the turbulent flow dominate the angular momentum transport, which occurs outward in a disk-like structure about the orbital plane and inward along the polar axis. Turbulent transport is less efficient, but can locally significantly damp or enhance the net angular momentum radial transport and may even reverse its direction. Short-term variability in the envelope is remarkably similar to circumbinary disks, including the formation and destruction of lump-like overdensities, which enhance mass accretion and contribute to the outward transport of eccentricity generated in the vicinity of the binary. If the accretion onto the binary is allowed, the orbital decay timescale settles to a nearly constant value τb ∼ 103 to 104 Porb, while preventing accretion leads to a slowly increasing τb ∼ 105 Porb at the end of our simulations. Our results suggest that the post-dynamical orbital contraction and envelope ejection will slowly continue while the binary is surrounded by gas and that τb is often much shorter than the thermal timescale of the envelope.
La transmutation : retours d’expériences, enseignements et perspectives
Authors:   Section Technique 5 de la Sfen (Cycle du combustible nucléaire), Evans Cécile
Published: April 2023

La transmutation d’un radionucléide a pour objet de le transformer en un autre radionucléide de période radioactive plus courte. Des efforts de recherche considérables ont été conduits en ce domaine durant plus de deux décennies, la transmutation constituant l’un des buts affichés des systèmes nucléaires dits « de 4e génération ».
Demande d’autorisation de création : Cigéo passe un jalon majeur
Authors: Le Gros Gaïc
Published: April 2023

Cigéo, le projet français de centre de stockage profond de déchets radioactifs déclaré d’utilité publique en juillet 2022, entame une nouvelle phase avec le dépôt de la Demande d’autorisation de création (DAC), le 16 janvier 2023.
Gong Pengcheng’s critical study of the “lyric tradition” theory
Authors: Liu Haorong
Published: April 2023

“Lyric tradition” was put forward by Chen Shixiang, a scholar in the United States, in a speech in the 1970s.It became a view of the characteristics of Chinese literature, and was developed and widely accepted in the later literary criticism,becoming one of the most productive views of foreign Sinology in the last century. But in recent years in the academic circle of its theory system,there are some dissenting voices on the system, among which the most critical criticism is written by Taiwan scholar Gong Pengcheng The Nonexistent Tradition —— On Chen Shixiang’s Lyrical Tradition. The author tries to criticize the lyric tradition from Gong Pengcheng,starting with the original document, to have an overview of Gong’s lyric tradition and explore why the “lyric tradition” is still quite influential despite of the fierce suspicion; Whether there is a stronger narrative tradition beyond lyricism?
Research on the Design of Map Cultural Products -– Taking Anhui Province as An Example
Authors: Xu Xiaoyan , Liu Xu , Yuan Yong
Published: April 2023

This paper systematically sorts out the development of maps and map culture, and takes it as a guide to focus on the design background, design ideas, production plans, and design results of Anhui map cultural products, providing a reference for the design and development of map cultural products in the future.
Study on the Protection path of Intangible Cultural Heritage of Chinese Traditional Dress -- Taking Tang Dynasty Dress as an Example
Authors: Wang Shanshan , Zhang Lei , Zhao Jinlong
Published: April 2023

China has been known as the “big country of clothing” and “the country of silk” since ancient times, and has a very rich heritage of traditional clothing culture. But now these traditional costumes are declining. In order to promote the cultural development of traditional Chinese clothing and protect and inherit China’s intangible cultural heritage, this study first takes the traditional Chinese clothing of Tang Dynasty as an example, reviews the culture and value of traditional Chinese clothing, then introduces the protection and development of intangible cultural heritage at home and abroad, and then analyzes the difficulties and necessity of the protection of traditional Chinese clothing intangible cultural heritage. Finally, combining with the reality, the protection path of traditional intangible cultural heritage is proposed to realize the protection and inheritance of Chinese traditional costume culture. This study will promote the protection of Chinese intangible cultural heritage to a certain extent.
Artistic healing of post-disaster people through fibre art
Authors: Ma Xinyue , Zha Huimin
Published: April 2023

At the start of 2020, novel coronavirus swept the world, bringing cities to a halt and economies to a standstill. For months, mental health became an urgent concern in the wake of the epidemic. Art healing as an interdisciplinary psycho therapeutic approach combining art, psychology and medicine is gaining more and more attention and attention and numerous public art exhibitions have emerged. Fibre art, as a branch of art, has its origins in the ancient Western art of tapestry, but in the course of its development it has fused the best traditional textile cultures of the world and incorporated modern art concepts, making it an older and younger art form than other art forms, and a more positive exploration of the value of art for the psychological healing of people in post-disaster situations. In this paper, we focus on the advantages of fibre art for post-disaster psychological treatment and the mode and role of psychological intervention, and consider and explore the methods of fibre art therapy applied to post-disaster psychological intervention, as well as the development and innovation of psychological relief methods.
A Brief Analysis of the Formal Beauty of Biological Interesting Sculpt Forms
Authors: Zhang Yan , Ouyang Yizhen , Li Shuwei
Published: April 2023

Biology is a natural life form in ecology, it is an important element of natural ecological linkage, and it is also an endless creative symbol in artistic inspiration. As an inexhaustible source of artistic inspiration, As an inexhaustible source of artistic inspiration, the fun embodied by biology adds vivid language to the art, from which one can feel the sense of childlike interest and joy. The focus of this paper is to explore how the shape form constructed with unique biological interest will be presented. In order to deeply explore the interesting sculpt and formal expression of biology and observe the sculpt thinking form of the characteristics of living things, this paper investigates the real contact and communication of the formal beauty of biological interesting sculpt and the real contact and communication of the formal beauty experience by studying linearity, color, atmosphere and space in formal beauty, bringing the viewer rich sensory aesthetic enjoyment, and focusing on the problem of aesthetic and philosophical presentation. It is also clear that the construction process of its sculpt and form expression is full of rhythm, and the picture is full of concrete, abstract, conceptual formal language, which spans speed, time, space, and realm and presents an intriguing state of object.
The Images of Women in the Films on Ethnic Minority Subjects in the New Period
Authors: Zhang Yangting
Published: April 2023

Women in films are portrayed as the “ Others”, the victims of a patriarchal society and a vulnerable group, and since the 1970s, the image of women in Chinese films has shifted from the traditional “virtuous wife and mother” to the “Others”. This paper analyses the images of women in minority films in the new period from three perspectives: ethnic consciousness, traditional and modern factors, and social transformation.
Effects of an Integrated Geriatric-Orthopedic Co-management (InGerO) on the Treatment of Older Orthopedic Patients with Native and Periprosthetic Joint Infections
Authors: De Bueck Ulrike , Kohlhof Hendrik , Wirtz Dieter Christian , Lukas Albert
Published: April 2023

In view of our aging society, co-management with a geriatrician is becoming increasingly important. While such collaborations have been working successfully in trauma surgery for years, it is still unclear whether they are also helpful for non-trauma patients in orthopedics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of such a cooperation in orthopedic non-trauma patients with native and periprosthetic joint infections on the basis of five key areas.

A retrospective observational study as a before and after comparison was used to compare routine data from patients with and without orthogeriatric co-management after nontraumatic surgery. Eligible patients for the study were 70 years and older, had a diagnosis of hip, knee, or shoulder infection, and had been hospitalized for at least 14 days. Co-management consisted of close follow-up by a geriatrician, Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment, and “complex early geriatric rehabilitation”. The comparison group received therapy as usual, without a geriatrician and without “complex early geriatric rehabilitation”. Special attention was paid to delirium, pain, mobility, postoperative complications, and renal function.

Analysis was carried out with 59 patients “with” and 63 “without” geriatric co-management. In the co-management group, delirium was detected significantly more often (p < 0.001), significantly lower pain intensities were measured at the time of discharge (p < 0.001), transfer ability had clearly improved more (p = 0.04), and renal function was more frequently noted (p = 0.04). No significant differences were found with respect to principal diagnoses, surgical procedures performed, complication rates, pressure ulcer and delirium incidence, operative revisions, or length of inpatient stay.

Orthogeriatric co-management in orthopedic patients with native and periprosthetic joint infections and nontraumatic surgery appears to have positive impacts on recognition and treatment of delirium, pain management, transfer performance, and attention to renal function. Further studies should follow in order to conclusively assess the value of such co-management in orthopedic nontraumatic surgery patients.
Photoexcited Nitroarenes as Anaerobic Oxygen Atom Transfer ­Reagents
Authors: Parasram Marvin , Wise Dan E.
Published: April 2023

Applications of photoexcited nitroarenes have been underdeveloped in organic synthesis. Since early reports on the direct excitation of nitroaromatics with harsh UV light, these synthetically useful reagents have not been tamed for use in modern synthetic chemistry. We have developed practical synthetic protocols for the anaerobic oxidation of hydrocarbon substrates using commercially available nitroarenes as photochemically activated oxidants under visible light. Using this approach, a wide variety of olefins are anaerobically cleaved to their corresponding carbonyls, and aliphatic C–H bonds are hydroxylated to give alcohols. The anaerobic reaction conditions enable oxidatively sensitive functional groups to be tolerated and the employment of visible light makes this method highly sustainable. Mechanistic studies support that the photoexcited nitroarene biradical intermediate is responsible for the oxygen atom transfer events.

1 Introduction

2 Alkene Cleavage Promoted by Photoexcited Nitroarenes

3 Photoinduced Nitroarene-Mediated C–H Hydroxylation

4 Conclusions
Clinical Results of Patients with Combined Aptis Distal Radioulnar Joint Arthroplasty and Total Wrist Arthroplasty
Authors: Stougie Shirley D. , Zijlker Hero J.A. , Coert J Henk
Published: April 2023

Background Severely destroyed wrists can be managed by combined radiocarpal and distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) replacement that reduces pain while mobility is ought to be reserved. The combination of these arthroplasties is rarely reported in the literature.

Purpose This article describes the clinical outcomes of six consecutive patients with both total wrist and Aptis DRUJ arthroplasty with a median follow-up of 50 months (range: 18–108 months).

Patients and Methods Patients with a TWA combined with an Aptis DRUJ arthroplasty were retrospectively identified. The patients were treated between 2011 and 2020.

Results The flexion-extension arc was slightly decreased in three cases while forearm rotation was improved in three patients. Pain was adequately reduced in four patients and significant pain was seen in two patients. Although three of four patients could not return to previous work, all patients claimed to be satisfied with the result of the procedure.

Conclusion This article demonstrates the possible feasibility of this combined arthroplasty in patients with a destroyed and unstable wrist.

Level of Evidence Level III.
Phase transition and bond symmetrization associated with noble gas bond in XeO3
Authors: Zhang Xu , Dong Jian , Lu Min , Hou Chun-Ju
Published: April 2023

The pressure-induced structural phase transition of XeO3 is studied by first principle calculations. The transition from P212121 to Pnma accompanied by a drastic reduction of volume is found at 2.18 GPa. The symmetrilized Xe−O2 bonds give rise to the better symmetry of high pressure phase. O-hopping between different possible local minima and the motion of Xe along the y axis may be responsible for phase transition. Results of electron localization function indicate that three ipsilateral Xe−O bonds lead to a lone-pair contour of Xe6+.
Novel veiling and concealing euphemisms in political discourse
Authors: Golubeva Tatiana
Published: April 2023

This qualitative research explores the differences in the interpretation of novel veiling and concealing euphemisms from a relevance-theoretic perspective. I argue that the relevance of an utterance containing a novel veiling euphemism is established (1) via the adjustment of its linguistically encoded meaning so that it communicates the meaning encoded by a dispreferred expression, which is derived as an explicature, or (2) via its linguistically encoded meaning, derived as an explicature, and the meaning encoded by a dispreferred expression, recovered as a strong implicature. The relevance of an utterance containing a novel concealing euphemism is established via its linguistically encoded meaning, recovered as an explicature, and via weak implicatures. The recovery of weakly implicit content is not essential for inferring the speaker’s meaning.