bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Romanian Landraces of Tomates
Authors: MAXIM Aurel , ȘANDOR Mignon , BOLBOACÄ‚ Veronica , ODAGIU Antonia , MIHALESCU Lucia , MAXIM Ioan Ovidiu
Published: December 2021

The issue of biodiversity conservation was set at Rio de Janeiro in 1992 when the UN adopted the Convention on Biodiversity. Agricultural biodiversity is an essential element of biodiversity. European Union adopted a series of directives in order to reduce genetic erosion which is more and more accented on cultivated plants. Between 2005 and 2010, at USAMV Cluj-Napoca, were undertaken activities for identifying vegetable landraces from 20 counties of Romania, especially from Transylvania, Banat and Bucovina. The seeds were achieved from small seed producers. Speaking about tomatoes, were collected 35 varieties from 7 counties of Transylvania. These varieties were cultivated in field and seeds were produced. For identifying the genuine landraces, these were studied from morphological, physiological and agronomical point of view. For each landrace were studied 80 characteristics and filled in the descriptors developed by the International Plant Genetic Resources Institute (Rome). It came out that 28 of the 35 varieties were authentic landraces. The paper presents the main characteristics, such as: fruit weight, the dry matter and soluble carbohydrates content, resistance at black fungus and juicy yield. The seeds were given for preservation to Suceava Gene Bank. Each landrace is attended by passport description and characterization. The Gene Bank providesâ€™ small quantities of seeds to researchers and vegetable growers. The fact of seed preservation in the Gene Bank ensuresâ€™ the safety of landraces.
Researches about the Assessment of Wastes Recycling Potential from
Authors: ILUÅ¢IU â€“ VARVARA Dana â€“ Adriana
Published: December 2021

The total quantity of wastes generated by metallurgical industry continues to grow. The storage of these wastes involves: occupying large areas of land; pollution potential of all environmental factors; expenses related to land storage etc. In order to eliminate the disadvantages entailed by the storage of metallurgical wastes one must find feasible solutions for their recycling or recovery. In this respect, a first step is their characterization. The paper presents an assessment of wastes recycling potential from metallurgical slag dumps. There were taken and chemically characterized the waste samples, in order to identify the compounds that have recycling potential. The determination of chemical composition of the waste samples was performed by spectrometric methods. The apparatus used was a spectrometer based on X-ray fluorescence. The chemical characterization is the most significant factor in determining the potential viability of recycling these wastes to recover metals. The results obtained from chemical characterization of these wastes, indicated the presence of the following compounds: magnesium oxide (MgO), calcium oxide (CaO), alumina (AlÂ 2O3), total iron (Fe total), silicon dioxide (SiO2), manganese oxide (MnO), phosphorus pentoxide (PÂ 2O5), vanadium pentoxide (V2O5), titanium dioxide (TiO2), chromium trioxide (Cr2O3), zinc oxide (ZnO) and lead oxide (PbO). Therefore, the identified chemical compounds have a major economic importance and through their recycling it is possible to save natural resources.
Study Concerning the Carbon Monoxide Emissions
Authors: OROIAN Ioan Gh. , ODAGIU Antonia , BRAȘOVEAN Ioan , BURDUHOS Petru , PAULIUC Sanziana
Published: December 2021

The quantification of carbon monoxide emissions resulted from a non authorized waste facility, located in a Jucu village close to Cluj municipality, in middle and late spring, in connection to temperature and humidity, was the aim of our study. The air samples were collected three times a week at horary intervals during 8.00 am and 8.00 p.m. in last sprig middle of 2010, 2011 and 2012. The air samples were collected and quantified with SafeLog100 gaze analyzer, and statistical data were processed using STATISTICA programme v. 8.0. The horary average of CO emissions had a similar distribution within the interval 34.62 - 41.67 ppm, with biggest horary average emission of 1193.01 ppm recorded in 2012, and the smallest of 1068.24 ppm in 2011. The biggest difference between the values of the CO emissions expressed as hourly averages, - 124.75 ppm, was obtained between 2012 and 2011, and it is statistically assured at significance threshold of 0.1%. The humidity has negative influence, while temperature positively influences the regression CO emissions, as shown by the regression lines. The emissions and influence factors (temperature and humidity) are moderately to high correlated (R = 0.600 - 0.758) within experimental interval.
Population Access to Waste Collection Services :Urban vs Rural Areas in Romania
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: December 2021

This paper aims a comparative analysis at county level concerning urban and rural population access to sanitation services in the context ofÂ  EU accession. Partially coverage of populationÂ  to such services contributes to illegal dumpingÂ  of wasteÂ  generated and uncollected.Furthermore, waste management facilities are inappropriate, particularly in small cities or rural areas. Comparative analysis ofÂ  urban vs. rural population served by waste collection services using thematic cartography highlights on the one hand the existing disparities within a county and on the other hand reflects the regional disparities acrossÂ  Romania.The demographic, socioeconomic and geographic differentiations between urban and rural areas amplify these gaps that prevent from implementation of an effectiveÂ  waste management system at national scale.Thematic maps highlights that urban population is not fully covered by sanitation services while in rural areas less than half of population has access to these services.Also,in some counties, vulnerability to illegal dumping is high in both rural and urban areas.
Parameters Researches Regarding the Structural Parameters of the Populations of Rhynchitidae and Attelabidae in Romania
Authors: ANTONIE Iuliana
Published: December 2021

The study of the two families took into account the economic factor, because there are not few species of Rhynchitidae and Attelabidae that produced important damages in the vine, orchard, and forest areas as well as in the agricultural cultures. The researches took place during 1996-2006. The fauna material was collected during the travels to different localities in the country. I n some investigated localities the collecting and the observations in the field were extended for at least 2 -3 days and for the vine ecosystems with a great attack of Byctiscus betulae the researches lasted for 3-4 years, at regulated intervals of 3-4 weeks. In order to establish the structural parameters there was processed a rich material of over 1300 adult samples belonging to 17 species from a total of 29, which are to be found in Romania. The material comes from 42 localities. The way of collecting was : directly with the hand, with the entomologic net, by drillings in the soil and by using the device of obtaining the zoophagous parasites.
Comparative Analysis of Quality Criteria for the Control of Liquefaction at the Obtaining of Starch-Based Hydrolysates
Authors: MIRONESCU Monica , MIRONESCU Ion Dan , MOZA Maria Iasmina , TRIFAN Adrian , MIRONESCU Vionela
Published: December 2021

Starch hydrolysates production converts starch to different kinds of products using enzymes in two steps, liquefaction and saccharification. This study investigated three types of analysis methods for the assessing and characterization of the liquefaction process: a rheological method (to measure yield stress), a chemical method (for the determination of Dextrose Equivalent DE) and a chromatographic method (HPLC to obtain the Degrees of Polymerization DPs).Â  Potato starch with 13.5% dry substance was liquefied with the enzyme Liquozyme Supra for two hours in optimal conditions of pH and temperature. A comparative analysis between the methods to describe the liquefaction process was realised. Yield stress offered valuable information on the flow behavior of the samples showing that after 15 minutes of liquefaction the product behaves as a fluid without yield point, with a decreasing value of the middle yield stress. DE had an ascending value during liquefaction indicating that the total reducing sugars are increasing in time. After two hours of liquefaction, glucose (DP1) in very small amounts (around 1%), maltotriose (DP3) and maltotetrose (DP4) in much higher amounts were obtained; no maltose was produced. The quantity of DP3 and DP4 was increasing with the liquefaction time whereas the content in oligosaccharides with DP 5 or higher as 5 (DP5+) was decreasing. The comparative analysis of the chemical and the chromatographic method showed that both methods characterize very well the liquefaction process. It was found that there was a strong relationship between the DE values and the total DP3+DP4 as measured from HPLC and also between DE and DP5+.Â
Interactions between Lactococcus ssp. and Brewerâ€™s Yeast Metabolism During the Fermentation and Storage of a Kefir-like Product: Growth Dynamic and Lactose Metabolism
Authors: PAUCEAN Adriana , SOCACIU Carmen , JIMBOREAN Mirela , MUDURA Elena , MAN Simona
Published: December 2021

Our objective was to study the growth dynamic and the lactose metabolism in a mixed culture, obtained by fermentation of two lactic acid bacteria (Lactococcus lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides) and spent brewerâ€™s yeast in order to make use of the bioactive potential of brewerâ€™s yeast in a kefir-type product, free of Lactobacillus ssp. and free of typical kefir yeasts.Â  The fermentation was realized initially in a biofermentor than at larger scale (4l) in an upgraded installation. Lactococcus and Saccharomyces growth was synergistic and dominated the final composition of the product. We noticed a decrease of lactose content in the kefir, more intense than in control. The rate of lactose decrease during storage at low temperatures, was significantly more intense (P<0.05) than in fermentation conditions. We can assume that, the decrease of lactose content during storage was stimulated by the presence of brewerâ€™s yeast in this kefir-like product. The decrease of L(+) lactic acid, especially during storage, was more intense than lactose, due to SaccharomycesÂ  metabolism, converting lactic acid to pyruvate, consumed by aerobic respiration and ethanol synthesis.Â Â
Biological Compounds with Antioxidant Activity Found in Hippophae rhamnoides, Ribes nigrum and Vaccinium myrtillus Juice
Authors: POP Oana Ioana , CHIRIÅ¢ESCU Vergina , POP Maria
Published: December 2021

In conditions in which using plants with protection properties has almost become a "fashion" of modern society, we believe that scientific research is necessary to confirm the existence of these useful substances for health in this plants. With modern methods of scientific research were identified substances with brawl antioxidant activity in juice of Hippophae rhamnoides, Ribes nigrum and Vaccinium myrtillus. The results confirm the existence of compounds with antioxidant activity in plant products analyzed, and beneficial effects on human health that consumption of vegetable produce. However, should be avoided the approach where plants are a universal "panacea".
Identification of Microbial Contamination Sources in Distilled Spirits
Authors: ROTAR Ancuța , SEMENIUC Cristina Anamaria , MUDURA Elena , COLDEA Teodora , LAZÄ‚R POP Carmen
Published: December 2021

Due to their high alcohol content, distilled spirits are not susceptible to microbial contamination. Because moulds were found in samples of vodka and spirit drinks, the present study was conducted to identify the sources of microbial contamination during the manufacturing process. Total bacterial count (TBC), total yeast and mould count (TYMC) and total coliform count (TCC) were determined in water and from different processing area surfaces, TBC and TYMC in the air of processing areas and TYMC in distilled spirits samples. The source of microbial contamination of distilled spirits was microaeroflora from processing areas.
The impact of practical training and professional development for students in enhancing European competences in Food Science and Technology.
Authors: BORȘA Andrei , MUSTE Sevastița , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , MUREȘAN (CERBU) Andruța Elena
Published: December 2021

Including students in special practice curriculums, such as the one initiated by University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, they become more aware of the entire process in the food industry, from the acquisition, reception,Â  management of primary and auxiliary materials, to the importance of hygiene, protective equipment, the temperature and operating mode and the sales of the final products. The aim of the study is to evaluate the impact of practical training and its role in transforming students in future engineers better prepared for the labor market.Â
The Digestibility of Nutrients from Pet Feed
Authors: BUNGHEZ Florina , SOCACIU Carmen , CATUNESCU Giorgiana Mihaela
Published: December 2021

Many states follow the pet feed regulations of the Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO). AAFCO includes officials from all states and federal government who are responsible for enforcing the laws regulating the production, labeling, distributions, and/or sale of animal feeds. Pet food manufacturers are required to include the method of substantatiation that was used for the complete and balanced claim on the pet food label. If the statement that AAFCO feeding trial were conducted is included, this means that the food was adequately tested using AAFCO feeding trials with dogs and cats. If the statement claims that the food meets the AAFCO Nutrient profiles, this signifies that the food was formulated to meet the nutrient profile for the intended stage of life (adult maintenance or growth/reproduction. The aim of this paper is to highlight the true degree of digestibility of pet feed.Â
Content Evaluation on Organochlorine Pesticides in Local Vegetables
Authors: MUREȘAN Crina , SOCACI Sonia , MUSTE Sevastița
Published: December 2021

According to Codex Alimentarius, pesticides are considered as chemicals that prevent, suppress, destroy and repel some pests during manufacture, storage, transport or processing of food, feed and agricultural goods. These chemicals can also be used as plant growth regulator, as defoliant, agent inhibition. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the content of organochlorine pesticides inÂ  home-grown vegetables products. The objectives were the establishment of the working matrices and the organochlorine pesticides determination in the matrices chosen by GS method. Due to the high cost of analysis, the vegetable matrix was consisted in 12 sample- lettuce and spinach samples grown in garden andÂ  roots samples (carrots, parsley, parsnip and celery) from both home-grown production. Organochlorine pesticide residues were extracted from the sample with acetonitrile and petroleum ether, purified by passage through florisil column and eluted with a mixture of ethyl ether and petroleum ether. Concentrated eluate was subjected to gas chromatographic determination.In all examined samples, there were identified organochlorine pesticide residues with high residual, HCH, DDE, DDT, DDD, endosulfan, and heptachlor, some being above the maximum allowed by European legislation
Preliminary Studies Regarding a Cider Vinegar Fermentation Realized at Laboratory Scale
Authors: TRUTA Delia Mihaela , TOFANÄ‚ Maria , THONART Philippe
Published: December 2021

The research aims to observe the behavior of the acetic acid bacteria A. senegalensis during cider vinegar fermentation, respectively the cell population evolution and the acetate production ability in a cider medium.
Quantitative Assessment Method of Illegal Dumping in Small Rivers Case Study: NeamÈ› County, Romania
Authors: MIHAI Florin Constantin
Published: December 2021

Poor waste management facilitiesÂ  from Romanian rural areas lead to uncontrolled waste disposal on improper sites. These bad practices are frequentlyÂ Â  in the the proximity of built-up areas , therefore, theÂ  small rivers inside these areas are susceptibleÂ  to waste dumping. The paper aims to developÂ  a quantitativeÂ  assessmentÂ  methodÂ  of waste disposed intoÂ  such small rivers from extra-Carpathian region of NeamÈ› county. The lack of organized waste collection services from 2003 lead to high values of waste disposed in such rivers frequently over 15Â  t/yrÂ  for each one. Despite some improvements compared to 2003 the small rivers insideÂ  built-up areas of villages are still highly exposed to waste dumping. The values vary depending on demographic and geographic features of each locality and on the other side, due to the presence of an organized waste collection system.The results andÂ  comparative analysis between 2003 and 2010 show some positive changes but the illegal dumping issue is far from being eliminated.Â
Numerical Modeling of CFD model Applied to a Hammer Mill
Authors: BUDÄ‚CAN Ioan , DEAC Ioan
Published: December 2021

A numerical model was used to predict and improve the flow characteristics in a hammer mill. For this purpose a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model was built. SST and LES turbulence models was tested in order to improve the model. For the simulation of the sieve effect a porous domainÂ  was used. The pressure, velocity of fluid and also the turbulence areas were analyzed. The physical properties of the milled particles and the grinding process parameters are greatly affected by the fluid flow in the hammer mill and because of this, by understanding how the fluid flow takes place inside it can lead to a improved design.
Research Concerning the Agrochemical Optimization of the Fertilization System for Wheat Crops in the Transylvanian Plain
Authors: PORUÅ¢IU Andra Ramona , RUSU Mihai , MÄ‚RGHITAȘ Marilena , TOADER Constantin , MOLDOVAN Lavinia
Published: December 2021

The current research is based on the production results obtained on wheat crops in long term experiments conducted on an argyle phaeozem soil at SCA Turda.The goal of this research is to scientifically, agrochemically and economically substantiate the differentiated fertilization systems involved in obtaining big productions in the reference area. In this study we tried to track the effect of the nitrogen-potassium interaction in achieving the productions obtained in 2012. The research presents the stated results as annual (partial) values and it will continue with them as being reference values for further experimental years (as stages in long term experiments) and obviously with approaches that will economically substantiate the suggested solution. The production data are obtained from these experiments, framed in the â€œlong term experiments systemâ€ from ASAS-ICDCPT FunduleaÂ  network which hold objectives that target both the effect and efficiency of differentiated fertilizations on productions and also the impact of fertilizers on the soil fertility evolution, on the quality of the productions obtained. The degree of novelty of this study can be expressed through the fact that for the type of soil and genotypes used in the experiments we can establish fertilization solutions and synthesized mathematical models with a high dissemination and applicability value in similar ecologic conditions.The obtained results present the production levels obtained for wheat crops (Dumbrava kind) at two alternatives for prior crops-corn and soy-statistically processed using variance and quadratic regression, as useful models for fertilization in the fertilization systems that were researched. It is obvious that at the end of these annual researches the presented models will include the same objectives as in the prior years that were studied.The already existing and further research will enrich the studyâ€™s utility in taking a rational fertilization decision based in the future also on the support of the suggested solutions through economically efficiency calculations of these solutions. The presented data hold originality, according to which the suggested solutions through fertilization models become important and present a real efficiency in the fertilization practice and technologies applied to wheat crops. Â  Â
Food security as long-term goals of strategic agricultural development
Authors: CHIRITESCU Vergina , IPATE Iudith , GAVRILESCU Camelia , KRUSZLICIKA Mihaela , SANDU Mariana , NEDIANU Cristina
Published: December 2021

In any national economy, agriculture is one of the key sectors of economic activity overall. As always anthropogenic activities held in conjunction and, not infrequently, the adversarial relationship with the environment, agriculture accumulate elements of society, from food security to social stability. In this context, one of the objectives of long-term agricultural development strategy must be accounted for to ensure food security threshold. This paper aims to study the scientific endeavor further the current concepts of food security and the challenges facing countries in this regard. Every day, the world's population grows by about 220,000 people and the world population every year we add 80 million people. All these people must have access to sufficient and safe food. Globalization of the food chain causes constant new challenges and risks to health and interests of consumers. This article was prepared as a basic research as sources of information: the international literature, FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization - United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization) data, official statistics etc. According to FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization - United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization), food security means â€œguaranteeing each individual at all times, in any place or time of access to adequate and healthy diet to allow him to have a regime sufficient food for a healthy and active lifeâ€. Multidimensional nature of food security, just as the fight against poverty, calls a good correlation between the various sectors - agriculture, commerce, infrastructure, health - and the variety of intervention levels - local, national, international. In recent years indicate that there are problems of food insecurity in 86 countries, 43 African, 24 Asian, 9 in Latin America and the Caribbean, 7 in Oceania and Europe 3. In 2004, 35 countries have received emergency aid because of the food crisis. The main causes were: military and civil conflicts, post-conflict situations, refugees, economic disadvantaged areas and climate issues. Global agricultural production should increase by at least 3% per year to provide live feed of the rising population, according to a study by the Economist Intelligence Unit. At present, current agricultural productivity growth is only 2%. In the present research work, we demonstrated that food security is a global problem of humanity, in the context of population growth, climate change and economic crisis. The food security is influenced by four groups of factors, namely: the social - economic and political, agro-food sector performance, social protection and health and hygiene.
Research on the Optimum Shape and Size of Potato Ridges
Authors: VITOS Ivan Zoltan , MORAR Gavrilă , MIKE Luiza , MOLDOVAN Cristina
Published: December 2021

The partial results from the research carried out in 2012 at the Potato Research and Development Station Tg. Secuiesc on the size and shape of the ridges and the influence of planting density in the case of two varieties and two types of ridges (ridges in one row and two rows) are presented. The results were heavily influenced by the unfavorable weather conditions in 2012 when there was a smaller amount of precipitation compared to the multiannual average rainfall during the growing season: -115.4 mm. The insufficient moisture resulted in the inhibition of potato tuberization, reabsorption of stolons and young tubers and in this period some of the water content in tubers passed into the leaves. In the study of the optimal shape of potato ridges three different shapes have been studied: triangular shape, trapezoidal shape and double-trapezoidal shape. In the study of the optimal size of potato ridges three different ridge sizes were made: with cross-sectional areas ofÂ  800 cm2 , 1200 cm2 and 1600 cm2. The biological material used in these two experiments was the Bella Rosa variety, which is part of the class A biological category. The research on the influence of planting density was conducted on two potato varieties planted in ridges in a single row and in two rows: one that forms many but small tubers, the class A Gared variety and the second one that forms fewer but larger tubers, the class A Bella Rosa variety. Experiments with three different planting densities for each type of variety and each type of ridge (ridges in one row and two rows) were carried out: 40.000 plants/ha, 60.000 plants/ha and 80,000 plants/ha. For all variants four rows were planted and the process was repeated four times. The common technology of ridge ploughing was used and mechanically performed phytosanitary treatments were executed with the usual products. To achieve the objectives the following elements were taken into consideration: yield and production (kg/ha), average weight of a tuber (g), average number of tubers in the nest. An analysis of variance was carried out for completely randomized plots and the data processing was accomplished by using average values, the â€œt-testâ€ at 5%, 1%, 0.1% significant difference levels and the Duncan Multiple Range Test.
Water Quality of Some Lakes in Dolj County
Authors: GAVRILESCU Elena , BUZATU Gilda Diana
Published: December 2021

In Dolj County there are a number of lakes that are particularly important, because they have a large quantity of water, some of them originating from hydrotechnical accumulations, and other from natural waters. In the present study, it was performed the monitoring of the water quality of the lakes in Dolj County, in the year of 2012, namely: Victoria - Geormane, BistreÅ£ and Caraula. The ecological conditions of the natural and artificial lakes was established based on the state of acidification, of the oxygen regime (dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand and chemical oxygen demand), the degree of eutrophication (biogenic substances, phytoplankton biomass and chlorophyll â€œaâ€) and also based on transparency. The water samples were taken from three points: tail, middle and upstream of the lake and were analyzed using high performance equipment, namely: pH-meter, spectrophotometer DR 2010, Sechi disc, BOD5 system. In terms of the degree of eutrophication, the water from the studied lakes belongs to the third category of water quality. Geormane is a natural lake which has a very good ecological status, except regarding the eutrophication, which is considerably visible. Bistret lake has a good environmental status and is visible eutrophic. Caraula lakeâ€™s water belongs to the third category of water quality, being heavily eutrophic.
Differences in Carbon Sequestration in Native vs. Exotic Pine Species (Tenerife, Canary Islands)
Authors: ARá‰VALO José Ramón , GARCáA-FARIá‘A Gloria , MONTES DE OCA Yeray , FERNáNDEZ-LUGO Silvia
Published: December 2021

Global warming can be mitigated by carbon sequestration through forestry and agroforestry. For countries with low industrial development, carbon sequestration also represents an opportunity to fund sustainable development. In the Canary Islands, CO2 emissions are above the average for Spain, in fact, they are estimated to be three times higher. Authorities have been working in recent years to reduce these emissions and increase carbon sequestration. Afforestation on the island of Tenerife has beenÂ  carriedÂ  outÂ  mainlyÂ  usingÂ  anÂ  endemicÂ  pine speciesÂ  (Pinus canariensis), theÂ  dominantÂ  speciesÂ  of native pine forest stands. However, the exotic Pinus radiata has also been introduced in some areas. The success of exotic invasive species is often attributed to their capacity for fast growth, particularly when resources are not limited and can continue to increase. In this situation, exotic species are more competitiveÂ  comparedÂ  toÂ  nativeÂ  ones.Â  WeÂ  evaluatedÂ  theÂ  capacityÂ  toÂ  absorbÂ  CO2Â  of P.Â  radiataÂ  vs. P. canariensisÂ  underÂ  similarÂ  environmentalÂ  conditionsÂ  andÂ  plantedÂ  duringÂ  theÂ  sameÂ  period.Â  Through allometricÂ  equationsÂ  forÂ  aboveÂ  groundÂ  biomass,Â  weÂ  estimatedÂ  theÂ  amountÂ  ofÂ  biomassÂ  andÂ  carbon content in individuals and extrapolated these results to the rest of the mass (in the the Corona Forestal NaturalÂ  ParkÂ  inÂ  Tenerife).Â  OurÂ  preliminaryÂ  resultsÂ  revealedÂ  that P.Â  radiataÂ  and P.Â  canariensis sequesterÂ  differentÂ  amountsÂ  ofÂ  carbonÂ  underÂ  similarÂ  environmentalÂ  conditions.Â  TheÂ  carbonÂ  capture strategy of a species is strongly associated with disturbance, with species from disturbed sites having traits that confer capacity for fast growth. We suggest that P. radiata has a higher carbon sequestration capability per individual than the native species P. canariensis. However, the much larger extensions and density of P. canariensis make this species the main carbon sink on the island.
Assessment of Young Tree Resistance against Extreme Temperatures
Authors: COVRIG Ilie
Published: December 2021

Within new established tree nurseries, for development of young trees in the earlyyears,Â  theÂ  determiningÂ  factorÂ  isÂ  theirÂ  abilityÂ  toÂ  resistÂ  deviationsÂ  fromÂ  normalÂ  climaticÂ  elements.Â  ItÂ  is known that beach young trees have poor resistance to extremes of climatic variations. The aim of our research is to emphasize the frost effect reported on spring months, upon young tree development. The researchÂ  wasÂ  carriedÂ  outÂ  withinÂ  unitsÂ  (UP)Â  ofÂ  theÂ  forestsÂ  ofÂ  SovataÂ  ForestryÂ  OfficeÂ  locatedÂ  onÂ  the South -Â  WesternÂ  partÂ  ofÂ  volcanicÂ  GurghiuÂ  MountainsÂ  andÂ  aÂ  smallÂ  partÂ  ofÂ  TransylvanianÂ  Carpathian Mountains. The average annual temperatures recorded in Gurghiu Mountains in the highlands of the cones,Â  areÂ  amongÂ  2 -Â  6 0C.Â  TheÂ  researchÂ  wasÂ  conductedÂ  duringÂ  AprilÂ  1999 -Â  MarchÂ  2001Â  inÂ  areas consideredÂ  representativeÂ  andÂ  aimedÂ  toÂ  recordÂ  theÂ  influenceÂ  ofÂ  microclimateÂ  inÂ  standsÂ  ofÂ  beech,Â  in conditionsÂ  ofÂ  specificÂ  forestryÂ  works,Â  performedÂ  forÂ  supplyingÂ  theÂ  naturalÂ  regenerationÂ  ofÂ  trees. Measurements were carried out in several of points evenly spread across the research area, according to a specific experimental design. During the nights of May 3 and 4, temperatures fell to - 4.3 0C and - 0.8 0C, respectively, and as consequence, on 7 and 8th of May, we found that over 60% of the seedlings were destroyed by frost. The phenomenon was more pronounced in a UP surface exposed to the south, in comparison with those with north - east exposure where frost damage represented 10 to 13%. Our studyÂ  demonstratesÂ  theÂ  importanceÂ  ofÂ  practicingÂ  anÂ  appropriateÂ  forestÂ  management,Â  takingÂ  into accountÂ  theÂ  naturalÂ  conditions,Â  andÂ  alsoÂ  allÂ  theÂ  possibleÂ  temperatureÂ  scenariosÂ  concerningÂ  winter conditions and temperature in concerned area.
Test the efficiency of mycorrhizal fungi (Glomus fasciculatum) and magnetic water to reduce the effect of salinity on plant onion (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: SUHAIL Faris Mohammed , MAHDI Imad Adnan
Published: December 2021

We carried out two factorial experiments in pots (capacity 4 kg) in order to increase the salt toleranceÂ  ofÂ  oneÂ  ofÂ  ourÂ  importantÂ  plant -Â  onion,Â  usingÂ  inoculationÂ  withÂ  mycorrhizalÂ  fungiÂ  (Glomus fasciculatum) and magnetized water under conditions of salinity stress. The first experiment aims the interactionÂ  betweenÂ  fungusÂ  inoculationÂ  andÂ  fourÂ  levelsÂ  ofÂ  salineÂ  drainageÂ  waterÂ  (0.66,Â  5.0,Â  7.5,Â  10.0 ds/m)Â  andÂ  theÂ  secondÂ  experimentÂ  aimsÂ  theÂ  interactionÂ  betweenÂ  theÂ  inoculationÂ  factorÂ  andÂ  theÂ  water magnetic and two soils with different salinity (5.6, 13.4 ds/m). The results showed that the inoculation withÂ  theÂ  mycorrhizalÂ  fungiÂ  ledÂ  toÂ  aÂ  significantÂ  increaseÂ  inÂ  height,Â  freshÂ  weightÂ  andÂ  dryÂ  weightÂ  of onionsÂ  toÂ  allÂ  levelsÂ  ofÂ  salinityÂ  comparedÂ  withÂ  noÂ  additionÂ  ofÂ  inoculation,Â  whileÂ  ledÂ  toÂ  aÂ  significant reduction in electrical conductivity and the percentage of AM colonization of all levels of salts water. TheÂ  treatmentÂ  withÂ  inoculationÂ  andÂ  magnetizedÂ  waterÂ  whenÂ  theÂ  salinityÂ  wasÂ  13.4Â  ds.m-1Â  recorded significantÂ  increaseÂ  forÂ  plantsÂ  height,Â  freshÂ  weightÂ  andÂ  dryÂ  weightÂ  (38.46%,Â  60.0%,Â  92.30%) respectively compared to the variant without inoculation, only with addition of water non-magnetized atÂ  theÂ  sameÂ  soilÂ  salinity.Â  TheÂ  additionÂ  ofÂ  mycorrhizalÂ  fungiÂ  (GlomusÂ  fasciculatum)Â  andÂ  magnetized water impact significant in reducing the electric conductivity (Ec) in soil salinity (13.4 ds/m) while it affects significantly the percentage of AM colonization in both two soils.
Meta - Models Efficiency in Assessing the Vegetal Pathogens Attack
Authors: MALINAS Cristian , OROIAN Ioan , ODAGIU Antonia , IEDERAN Cristrian , SUCIU Alexandra
Published: December 2021

The use of meta-models approach as component of the prevention strategy against different pathogens attack, specific for vegetal cultures, receives an increasing interest. Due to the importance ofÂ  theÂ  climaticÂ  influenceÂ  uponÂ  pathogensÂ  action,Â  almostÂ  allÂ  theseÂ  approachesÂ  useÂ  theÂ  inputsÂ  from meteorological stations placed in field. Another important component of such a system is represented byÂ  aÂ  specificÂ  softwareÂ  programÂ  usedÂ  forÂ  estimationÂ  ofÂ  virtualÂ  geographicalÂ  distributionÂ  ofÂ  target pathogen/pathogens.Â  ThisÂ  articleÂ  aimsÂ  toÂ  emphasizeÂ  the possibilityÂ  ofÂ  usingÂ  theÂ  meta-modelsÂ  for predicting Phytophtora infestans Mont.Â  deÂ  BaryÂ  attack. The research wasÂ  carriedÂ  onÂ  duringÂ  spring - autumn 2012 in a potato field located in Jucu village, on the experimental field of the UASMV Cluj - Napoca.Â  ClimaticÂ  conditionsÂ  (temperatureÂ  andÂ  rainfallÂ  regimen)Â  andÂ  attackÂ  degreeÂ  wereÂ  monitored usingÂ  aÂ  meteorologicalÂ  stationÂ  placedÂ  onÂ  theÂ  field,Â  andÂ  observations.Â  RainfallÂ  regimenÂ  andÂ  average dailyÂ  temperatureÂ  were takenÂ  intoÂ  consideration,Â  inÂ  approachingÂ  theÂ  multiregressionÂ  modelÂ  withÂ  tow inputs. TheÂ  statisticalÂ  dataÂ  processingÂ  wasÂ  performedÂ  withÂ  STATISTICAÂ  7.0Â  v.Â  programme.Â  The analysisÂ  ofÂ  varianceÂ  (ANOVA)Â  appliedÂ  toÂ  theÂ  interactionÂ  betweenÂ  attackÂ  degreeÂ  of Phytophthora infestansÂ  Mont.Â  deÂ  BaryÂ  inÂ  potato -Â  temperature -Â  rainfallÂ  allowsÂ  usÂ  toÂ  useÂ  theÂ  proposed multiregressionÂ  modelÂ  (FÂ  =Â  7,892,Â  pÂ  <Â  0.001).Â  TheÂ  multiregressionÂ  analyzeÂ  emphasizeÂ  aÂ  strong multiple correlation coefficient of 0.895 which accounts from 81.10% of the predicted attack degree. TheÂ  regressionÂ  line,Â  YÂ  =Â Â Â  24.311Â  +Â  2.813X1Â  +Â  0.122X2Â  show,Â  inÂ  climaticÂ  conditionsÂ  specificÂ  forÂ  the experimentalÂ  yearÂ  2012,Â Â Â  theÂ  biggerÂ  influenceÂ  (moreÂ  thanÂ  twice)Â  ofÂ  theÂ  thermicÂ  conditionsÂ  onÂ  the Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary attack degree in potato, compared to rainfall influence on the same pathogen.Obtaining the regression parameters allows us to build a meta-model for predicting the evolution of the Phytophthora infestans Mont. de Bary attack degree in potato, reliable in a high share, 81.10%, respectively, and presenting the advantage that it gives comparable results, which contribute to increase the consistency of assessments patterns.
The Influence of Different Type of Management upon the Floristic Structure of Grasslands Systems, with Special Attention on Arnica montana L.
Authors: HUYGENS Didier , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana , PÄ‚CURAR Florin , CARLIER Lucien , MÄ‚LINAȘ Anamaria
Published: December 2021

Organic fertilizers have an influence on the floristic composition of grasslands. Fertilizing with manure favours the phytodiversity of grasslands. The objective of the study was to follow the influence of mulching and organic fertilizing in small quantities and at various time intervals upon dry matter yield and phytodiversity of Agrostis capillaris L. - Festuca rubra L. grassland type in the Apuseni Mountains. Seven treatmentsÂ  ( witnessÂ  ( mowed 1/year ) ; mulch 1/year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure /year; mulch 1/year + 5 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/2 years; mulch 1/year + 10 t/ha manure/3 years; abandonment )Â  were evaluated experimentally. Organic fertilizing in low quantities could be a way to maintain the floristic diversity of oligotrophic grasslands in Apuseni Mountains.
The Influence of Different Type of Management upon the Floristic Structure of Grasslands Systems, with Special Attention on Arnica montana L.
Authors: MOREA Adriana , ROTAR Ioan , VIDICAN Roxana , PÄ‚CURAR Florin , MÄ‚LINAȘ Anamaria
Published: December 2021

The maintenance of semi-natural grasslands within the mountainous landscape is deeply influenced by fertilization. Application of fertilizer will cause changes in the chemical composition of the plant and will increase the palatability, decreasing the denials. One should apply fertilizers taking into account the way of exploitation of the grassland. If the grasslands are grazed, much of the nutrients return into the meadow by manure, fattening being more important than on mowed lawns where all the nutrients taken from plants are exported. The aim of this paper was to assess the influence of organic and mineral fertilizers upon semi-natural grasslandâ€™s plant diversity on different soil types. The research was carried out in Apuseni Mountains, in an experimental field with one experience with organic fertilizersÂ  ( T1 control, T2 10 t ha-1manure, T3 20 t ha-1 manure, T4 30 t ha-1 manure ) . Mineral fertilizers complex NPK 20:10:10 ratio was applied in three quantities: 50N 25P 25 K, 100N 50P 50K, and 150N 75P 75 K. The results showed that the largest quantities of mineral fertilizers generated a considerable decrease of plant diversity. For future management actions that are meant to maintain plant diversity in Apuseni Mountains, the organic fertilization with 10 t ha-1 manure quantities administrated annually or once on two years. In conclusion is justified to make organic treatments on Preluvosol Rodic soil type and mineral treatments on Eutricambosol Rendzinic soil type.
The Present Status and Trends in Development of Agriculture in Apuseni Mountains
Authors: CIREBEA Mirela , ROTAR Ioan , CIURE Anamaria
Published: December 2021

The region of Apuseni Mountain has suffered many changes over time, which is due to supra intensive exploitation of the wood mass, depopulation of villages, decreasing the number of livestock and land abandonment. The civilization of villages from â€žStone Landâ€Â  is represented by a specific landscape which includes reliefs forms, the pastoral construction generated by a way of life is seriously threatened by current developments. The purpose of this study was to track the time evolution of the structure of agricultural land, livestock and prospects of the area. The information about agricultural surfaces, livestockÂ  ( their evolution in time )Â  were taken from the Agricultural Registers ofÂ  BÄƒișoara, Beliș, CÄƒlÄƒÅ£ele villages,Â Â  ( General Urban Plan -1998-2010-2011) , but also from villages recordsÂ  ( 1990-2011)Â  from I.N.S. Cluj. Demographic data necessary for this study were taken from the 1990-2011 Censuses of Population to trace the trend of evolution of the area studied. These data were graphically processed. The results show that during the years 1990-2011, the BÄƒișoara, Beliș, CÄƒlÄƒÅ£ele villages have occurred important changes in the categories ofÂ  land use, livestock and degree of depopulation of villages.Â  It was found that over time, the population of the villages taken to be studiedÂ  ( BÄƒișoara, Beliș, CÄƒlÄƒÅ£ele )Â  decreased andÂ  therefore changes occurred regarding land use, the number of livestock decreased and pastures are under cargo. The close relationship betweenÂ  the grassland condition and number of animals and degree of intensification of crop systems determines the direction of their evolution.
Wheat Production Obtaining Patterns according to the Aridity Index ( AR ) , Soil Creditworthiness ( CWs ) and Technological Processes Intensity ( TPI)
Authors: BERCA Mihai , ROBESCU Valentina-Ofelia , HOROIAȘ Roxana
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to present the effect of aridity index (AR )Â  calculated by the UNEP version, of the quality of soilÂ Â Â Â Â Â  (CWs) , given by the official creditworthiness marks of the National Institute of Soil Science and of the agricultural intensity degreeÂ  ( TPI )Â  at var ious levels of agricultural exploitation over the wheat yield in Romania. That creates the scientific basis for new technologies, which will be able to better exploit the water, so precious for the semiarid areas where wheat grows. A negative correlation between AR and the average wheat yield in the last 10 years and a positive one between soil quality and production were found.
Maximizing the Positive Impacts of Irrigation and Its Influence on the Settlement of Soil Particles
Authors: BURCEA Mariana , GEORGESCU Emil , BURCEA Adina
Published: December 2021

Researches presented, are the subject of study on the evolution of soil quality indicators of Romanian Plain, where mainly is chernozem soil type, as a consequence of irrigation. To achieve the objectives we have studied some physical indicators of soilÂ  ( bulk density and total porosity ) Ã®n the territory concerned, the interpretation of analytical results been performed according to the proper methodology, after taking soil samplings from pedogenetic horizons. Through an analysis of the evolution of chernozemâ€™s soil compaction, due to irrigationâ€™s application, it highlights different soil compaction status correlated with the physical condition of the soil. If irrigated soil, in maize crop, loosening is moderate Ã®n the layer 0-10 cm, with values of 1.20 g/cm3,after applying every year of irrigation, it indicates values ranging Ã®n a fairly widely, from smallÂ  (moderately loose soil, with bulk density of 1.23 g/cm3) , the mediumÂ  ( soil poorly compacted, bulk density was 1.45 g/cm3) . Total porosity values are down slightly throughout the soil profile under the influence of irrigation, values are Ã®n the range middle - very high. After applying irrigation are observed physical changes, that induced changes in the balances resulting from damage to structure and structure to appear grainy dust structure and consequently the tendency of poor compaction and physical change of the soil.
Researches Regarding the Influence of Pressure on Uniformity of Distribution for New Types of Nozzles
Authors: DROCAȘ Ioan , MARIAN Ovidiu , COSTEA Cristian , RANTA Ovidiu , STÄ‚NILÄ‚ Sorin , MUNTEAN Mircea
Published: December 2021

The efficiency of plant treatment depends on a number of factors such as: substance used for treatment, hectare dosage compliance, optimum period of application and the type of nozzle with which the machine is equipped. In this paper we determined how pressure affects the uniformity of distribution for different distances between the nozzle and the target surface using Syngenta Hypro Defy nozzles.
Researches Regarding the Influence of Height on Uniformity of Distribution of New Types of Nozzles
Authors: MARIAN Ovidiu , DROCAȘ Ioan , COSTEA Cristian , RANTA Ovidiu , STÄ‚NILÄ‚ Sorin , MUNTEAN Mircea
Published: December 2021

Phytosanitary treatments and quality of weed control depends on the amount of the used liquids, the uniformity of the distribution per area, the coverage and penetration of the vegetal mass, the flow rate of the liquid and the size of the formed droplets. Most of these parameters are accomplished by nozzles. Nozzles are the most important parts of the spraying machines. They turn the herbicide mixture in small drops that are thrown towards the target surface. This jet drops contains particles of different sizes. Nozzles are components that turn the under pressure liquid column into a spray of drops, called jet.
Basic Fertilization with Mineral Fertilizers in Soybean Crop
Authors: DEAC Valeria , ROTAR Ioan , MÄ‚LINAȘ Anamaria
Published: December 2021

Rich in high nutritional value protein, likely to the protein of animal origin, soybean is considered to be â€œa golden plantâ€ or â€œwonder plantâ€, aimed to resolve global protein deficiency (insuring in present 60% of humanityâ€™s protein requirements). The mature seeds are used in human nutrition. The most important role which soybean has is related to its capacity to fix atmospheric nitrogen without any efforts from farmers. The symbiosis which results from the relation between plant and Bradyrhizobium japonicum ensures 50% of the nitrogen needed for plants growth and development and after harvest remain in soil between 80 and 120 kg N. ONIX variety is made on S.C.D.A. Turda and registered in the year 2002. This variety is highly resistant to falling, shaking and specific diseases. Itâ€™s an early variety which is included in maturity group 00, with a vegetation period of 123 days. Having a high protein content of 40,1%, and 21% fats this variety is superior under this aspect to the others varieties created on S.C.D.A. Turda. The research were undertaken on S.C.D.A. Turda on the period 2009 - 2011, on a polifactorial experience of 3x5x5 type, installed after the subdivided parcels method. The experience has as factors: the year (2009-2011), the fertilization with phosphorus (P0, P40, P80, P120, P160) and the fertilization with nitrogen (N0, N25, N50, N75, N100). The highest soybean yields were registered taking into account the specific of this crop related to the presence of nitrogen fixation bacteria. Soybean production levels confirm the framing of central area of Romania as a very favorable area for this crop and in conclusion it is recommended to expand the cultivated areas.
Research Concerning the Tehnology of Autumn Wheat Culture within Ecological and Bio-dynamic Systems
Authors: TOMOȘ Liviu , MORAR Gavrilă
Published: December 2021

The goal of organic and biodynamic production methods is to create and maintain a balance between the environment protection and the growing technology for each crop tipe, beginning with the soil tillage system wich is aimed to ensure harmony and keeps a balance between the natural resources and the crop needs. The yields level depends mostly on the optimum application of all the technological sequences beginning with the soil selection and finishing with the crop harvesting. The agricultural product obtained has to be satisfactory both in quantity and quality. Nowadays, although the quantity is very important, more often the stress lays on quality; consumers being more and more oriented towards healthy food which has a great contribution to the living standard enhancement.