bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New market reforms and stock exchange liquidity: the case of Kuwait
Authors: kh. Bouresli Amani , A. Abdulsalam Fayez
Published: January 2019

In developing markets, new regulations are imposed to protect investors, to assure fairness and to enhance trust through controlling all types of market abuse. In addition, these regulations are imposed to enhance the overall market performance and efficiency. Market liquidity is one of the main pillars used to measure market overall performance. In this paper, the authors attempt to analyze market liquidity before and after the passage of the Capital Market Authority Law of 2010 (CMA), aimed at enhancing investors’ confidence and reinforcing better disclosure quality and accountability for Kuwait public companies. By introducing six liquidity measures that captures market depth, turnover, and volatility, the authors documented highly significant deterioration in all the measures following the CMA Law with more profound effect on smaller firms. The researchers concluded that overstated regulations in developing markets, in spite of its goal of improving market overall performance, structure, enhancing investors’ protection, and market integrity, can have an adverse effect on market efficiency.
Dexansoprazole MV in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors: Leonova М. V. , Alimova E. Е.
Published: January 2019

Dexlensoprazole MB is the R-enantiomer of lansoprazole and is currently the only proton pump inhibitor with the new Dual Delayed Release delivery technology. The pharmacokinetics of the drug shows two peaks of release in the 12-finger and small intestine; antisecretory effect is shown in doses of 30 mg, 60 mg, and retention of intragastric pH > 4 more than 16.5 hours per day; regardless of the time of administration. Clinical studies have shown that dexlansoprazole MB is highly effective in the healing of erosive esophagitis and symptom control in patients with non-erosive reflux disease; maintains remission with prolonged use. Effective in improving the symptoms of night heartburn associated with GERD, with sleep disturbances. Dexlensoprazole MB has a similar safety profile and side effects with lansoprazole.
The role of magnesium in the treatment of symptoms climacteric syndrome
Authors: Khashukoeva A. Z. , Agaeva Z. A. , Agaeva M. I. , Sukhova T. N. , Moseshvili G. G. , Nurbekova Zh. K.
Published: January 2019

According to epidemiological studies, about 30% of residents in Russia receive less than 70% of the daily magnesium intake, while magnesium deficiency manifests much more often in women than in men. The prevalence of magnesium deficiency is 1.3 times higher among the female population. Women are more sensitive to magnesium deficiency and normally have higher deposited concentrations of this element. Objective of the study: evaluate the effectiveness of magnesium in the management of menopausal syndrome symptoms. Materials and methods: 30 female patients, aged 47 to 57 years, with various menopausal syndrome symptoms underwent clinical and laboratory examination. In addition to the general clinical examination, all patients underwent atomic absorption spectroscopy to determine serum Mg2+ ions concentrations. All patients received menopausal hormone therapy in combination with magnesium supplement using Magnesium Diasporal 300. Results and discussions: The severe climacteric symptoms relief and an increase in the serum magnesium levels were recorded against the background of the therapy.
Therapeutic tactics in abnormal uterine bleeding without anatomical substrate
Authors: Dikke G. В.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of the review:presentation of modern data on the pathogenesis of abnormal uterine bleeding (AMC) without anatomical substrate (ovulatory, endometrial, coagulopathic) and the effectiveness of their treatment with medication.

Basic provisions.Information on the pathogenesis of AMC not associated with structural abnormalities of the uterus is presented. It was shown that non-hormonal drugs have similar efficacy. Among the hormonal agents, levonorgestrel-containing intrauterine system (IUD-LNG) and estrogen-progestogen preparations (combined oral contraceptives, COCs) favorably differ. COCs recover an acute episode of AMC in 66.8% of cases (according to some data – in 88%), which is higher in comparison with non-hormonal drugs; in chronic cases – reduce blood loss by 88% (after 6 months of therapy), and are not inferior in effectiveness to intrauterine devices with levonorgestrel (83% after 3 months of therapy).

The conclusion.Thus, non-hormonal drugs have similar efficacy in arresting AMC without an anatomical substrate, but are inferior to COCs. In case of chronic AMC, the first-line drugs are IUD-LNG and COC containing E2B / NNG, which contribute to the normalization of the menstrual cycle and the volume of menstrual blood loss with proven efficacy.
Cervical endometriosis – solubility
Authors: Kachalina О. V. , Korenkova A. A.
Published: January 2019

Cervical endometriosis is a common disease in young women, which is characterized by the appearance of tissue on the vaginal part of the cervix, similar in structure to the endometrium and undergoing cyclic changes in accordance with the menstrual cycle, and is a form of external genital endometriosis. The article presents the pathogenetic mechanisms of this disease development in terms of possibility of exposure to them during pathogenetic therapy.
Differentiated approach to the use of optimal medical therapy in patients with various clinical forms of stable ischemic heart disease
Authors: Shaposhnik I. I. , Karnot V. I. , Karandasova T. M. , Bannikova O. F. , Bocharova O. G. , Belolipetskaya L. V. , Lebedev E. V. , Salashenko A. O.
Published: January 2019

A total of 137 male patients with stable ischemic heart disease (SIHD), average age 62.3 ± 7.46 years, were divided into 3 groups depending on the initial measurements of blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR). Group 1 included patients with elevated blood pressure and/or heart rate (44.5% of patients); Group 2 included patients with normal blood pressure and/or heart rate (38.7%); Group 3 included patients with lowered blood pressure and/or heart rate (16.8%). Patients of Group 1 received beta-adrenergic blockers (BABs) or non-dihydropyridine calcium channel blockers (NDCCBs), in some cases ivabradine-containing BABs (Raenom®, Gedeon Richter) at doses required to achieve target blood pressure and heart rate. The patients of Group 2 received a limited range of drugs above listed due to their blood pressure and heart rate measurements, and the patients of Group 3 did not receive any due to the low levels of such measurements. Effectiveness of the therapy in patients of Group I was the highest. The use of trimetazidine MB (Predizin MB®, Gedeon Richter) has significantly improved the results of treatment in patients of Groups 2 and 3. Trimetazidine MB added to the therapy in patients of Group 1 improved the effectiveness of treatment. Prolongation of trimetazidine MB therapy contributed to improvement of its anti-ischemic effect. Thus, BABs, NDCCBs and ivabradine entered into the foreground, as an optimal medical therapy (OMT) in patients with elevated blood pressure and heart rate measurements. Trimetazidine MB, and ivabradine in some cases prevail in patients with normal and low blood pressure and/or heart rate. It should be stated that patients with various hemodynamic variants of SIHDa require a differentiated approach to the choice of OMT.
The place of ramipril in modern guidelines for the management of patients with cardiovascular diseases
Authors: Averin E. E. , Nikitin A. E. , Nikitin I. G. , Sozykin A. V.
Published: January 2019

Updates of clinical guidelines and publication of new research results entail changes in our approaches to diagnosing diseases and treating patients, as well as revising the criteria for choosing a particular drug to a specific patient. We are based on the fact that when managing patients with hypertension it is immediately necessary to use those classes of drugs and individual molecules that have proven to be highly effective, safe and adherent throughout the entire cardiovascular continuum. It is understood that the drugs should be shown in IHD and CHF. Among the ACE inhibitors, ramipril meets this requirement. Often, the choice falls precisely on ramipril because a convenient intake once a day at any time of the day and regardless of the meal increases the patient’s adherence to therapy. A wide range of indications, such as hypertension, chronic heart failure, post-infarction patients, diabetic and non-diabetic nephropathy, as well as a reduction in the risk of cardiovascular accidents, including in patients undergoing cardiac surgery, are a serious additional argument in favor of a wide range of ramipril. Moreover, ramipril can reduce the risk of developing new cases of diabetes mellitus and end-stage renal failure.
The use of roxithromycin in the treatment of acute bacterial rhinosinusitis
Authors: Krivopalov A. A. , Smirnov A. Р.
Published: January 2019

According to epidemiological studies, bacterial rhinosinusitis is one of the most common pathologies of ENT-organs on an upward trend. Rhinosinusitis significantly reduces the patient’s quality of life and, in the absence of timely treatment, can lead to serious complications. Macrolide antibiotics are effective drugs in the treatment of rhinosinusitis. Roxithromycin (Esparoxy), one of modern macrolides, showed good results. The article provides characteristics of this drug, reflects the high quality of efficacy and safety in the treatment of bacterial rhinosinusitis, with due regard to the experience of the Russian and foreign authors.
Optimization of allergen-specific immunotherapy in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis and secondary immunodeficiency syndrome
Authors: Sizyakina L. P. , Zabrodskaya E. N. , Andreeva I. A.
Published: January 2019

Seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) remains an important medical and social problem, the importance of which is determined by the steady growth of morbidity, the expansion of the spectrum of pollen sensitisation, the development of complications in the form of otitis, sinusitis, eustachitis, and often low efficiency of standard therapy. One of the reasons for the complication of allergic diseases in general and SAR in particular is the combination of allergy and secondary immune deficiency syndrome (SID). In order to form an understanding of the possibilities of allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) optimization, an analysis of the clinical, immunological and allergic status of patients suffering from SAR with concomitant SID syndrome who received two ASIT courses. All patients (40 people aged 18-60 years) were divided into two groups: those receiving only SIT (20 people) and those receiving gamma-D-glutamyl triptofan (GDGT) immunomodulator treatment (20 people) in addition to standard therapy. The results of the study clearly indicate a sufficiently high therapeutic efficacy of the used approach of combination of preventive immunocorrection and ASIT, which consists in a reliable reduction of morbidity and duration of ARVI episodes, more significant effectiveness of ASIT. The basis of the positive effect of preventive therapy of GDGT is the restoration of functional parameters of the immune system.
Therapeutic potential of apixaban at different stages of management of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Averkov O. V. , Vechorko V. I. , Shapsigova O. A.
Published: January 2019

The article discusses the issues of anticoagulant therapy in pulmonary thromboembolism. It clearly highlights the main advantages and the preferred use of direct selective oral anticoagulants represented by the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran and the factor Xa inhibitor group including apixaban, edoxaban and rivaroxaban. This article provides a thorough introduction of apixaban with an evidence base allowing to consider it a priority anticoagulant, which may be reasonably administered to the majority of patients with pulmonary thromboembolism from the first hours of the disease to many years of secondary prevention.
Long-term hydrological changes after various river regulation measures: are we responsible for flow extremes?
Authors: Kiss Tímea , Fiala Károly , Sipos György , Szatmári Gábor
Published: January 2019

Engineering works have affected the morphology of rivers (e.g., by cut-offs, artificial levees, revetments, and reservoir and dam constructions). These human impacts also have hydrological impacts, as they alter the natural channel geometry, affect the carrying capacity of the channel and confine the floodplains. The goals of the present paper are to analyse flow changes for the Tisza River (in Hungary) with its highly regulated channel using a long (141 y) daily hydrologic dataset and to evaluate the engineering works from the point of hydrological and morphological equilibrium. Since the late 19th century, the flood level along the Lower Tisza River has increased by 216 cm; further, since 1998, flood levels increased by over 80 cm without an increase in discharge. In addition, river stages for low flows have decreased, and the water slope has decreased. These changes are likely connected to morphological changes in the channel (e.g., incision, narrowing, disappearance of point bars, intensifying mass movements), which have been driven by the complex response to human impacts. While the channel could adjust itself to convey larger floods after the cut-offs, the revetments impede the channel adjustment and contribute to the hydrological and morphological disequilibrium state along the Tisza River.
Analysis of building plumbing system flushing practices and communications
Authors: Ragain Lisa , Masters Sheldon , Bartrand Timothy A. , Clancy Jennifer L. , Whelton Andrew J.
Published: January 2019

Drinking water distribution system contamination incidents can prompt public agencies and drinking water utilities to issue do-not-drink and do-not-use advisories. After the contaminant is cleared from distribution mains, consumers are often directed to flush their plumbing. However, little validated guidance and few evaluated communications strategies are available on using flushing to decontaminate building water systems. Additionally, limited data support the effectiveness of current practices and recommendations. In this study, expert elicitation was used to assess existing flushing guidance and develop validated flushing guidance and communications for single-family residences. The resulting guidance recommends progressively opening all cold-water taps from the closest to point of entry to the furthest and allowing the water to run for at least 20 minutes. Hot-water taps should be opened progressively and run for at least 75 minutes. The guidance language and format conformed to grade-level and readability scores within recommended health communication ranges. The readability of eight other flushing guidance documents was also evaluated for contamination incidents from 2008–2015. Seven were written at a 10th–12th grade level, above the 6th–7th grade level recommended for health communications.

This article has been made Open Access thanks to the generous support of a global network of libraries as part of the Knowledge Unlatched Select initiative.
Hydrokinetic turbines for power generation in Nigerian river basins
Authors: Eme L. C. , Ulasi J. A. , Alade Tunde A. I. , Odunze A. C.
Published: January 2019

This work presents a design for Hydrokinetic Renewable Energy (HRE), for off grid power generation for remote riverine regions in developing nations. The uniqueness of this technique for power generation using streams and other marine currents to generate electric energy is detailed. The problem of the impact of greenhouse gas emissions on the environment, rapid increase in human population, industries, modernization and our lifestyle put immense pressure on most power generation plants and infrastructures. Thus, global warming and carbon footprints of using fossil fuels to generate energy has driven the interest for energy generation from renewable sources. The Upper River Benue and Lower River Niger coastal basins, as well as the River Niger Basin on the Lower Niger sub-basin area of southeastern Nigeria was selected as a case study for the design of the hydrokinetic power generation technology. The results show that for a hydrokinetic turbine the level of power output is directly proportional to the flow velocity. Therefore the cost of its installation is reduced drastically from about $7,900 per installed kW to about $2,500 per kW, is easily assessable, less technical and a familiar motor technology for most of these communities. It is also a predictable form of energy in comparison to other emerging renewable energy fields like wind, solar and wave. Also this form of renewable energy is less harmful to the environment, has a lower noise emission and produces no greenhouse gases or any solid waste. HRE will bring energy security that is essential for the riverine dweller and curb rural urban migration and both improves the rural communities' standard of living and enhances their productivity.
PEMIKIRAN WUJUDIYAH HAMZAH FANSURI DAN KRITIK NURUDIN AL-RANIRI
Authors: Sudrajat Ajat
Published: January 2019

Penelitian dengan judul “Pemikiran Wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri dan KritikNurudin Al-Raniri” bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Corak pemikiran wujudiyah HamzahFansuri;(2) Alasan mengapa Nuruddin al-Raniri mengkritik pemikiran Hamzah Fansuri,dan (3) Bagaimana kritik Nuruddin al-Raniri terhadap pemikiran Hamzah Fansuridilakukan.Corak pemikiran wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama,pada hakekatnya zat dan wujud Tuhan sama dengan zat dan wujud alam. Kedua, tajallialam dari zat dan wujud Tuhan pada tataran awal adalah Nur Muhammad. Ketiga, NurMuhammad adalah sumber segala khalq Allah. Keempat, manusia sebagai mikrokosmosharus berusaha mencapai kebersamaan dengan Tuhan. Kelima, manusia yang berhasilmencapai kebersamaan dengan Tuhan adalah manusia yang telah mencapai kesempurnaan.Alasan utama Nuruddin al-Raniri mengkritisi dan sekaligus menolak pemikiranHamzah Fansuri adalah didasarkan adanya kekhawatiran bahwa ajaran yang disebarkanHamzah Fansuri tersebut akan menyesatkan pemikiran orang-orang awam. BagaimanaNuruddin al-Raniri menghadapi ajaran Hamzah Fansuri adalah dengan menggunakan duapendekatan. Pendekatan pertama bercorak intelektual, yaitu dengan menulis berbagai kitabdan tulisan yang menjelaskan kerancuan-kerancuan sejarah kaum wujudiyah dansekaligus bantahan terhadap faham wujudiyah. Selain itu, ia juga mengadakan debatterbuka melawan pengikut wujudiyah. Pendekatan kedua bercorak kekuasaan, yaitumeminta penguasa untuk melarang peredaran tulisan-tulisan yang memuat ajaran wahdahal-wujud dan bahkan memusnahkan buku-buku tersebut.THOUGHT OF WUJUDIYAH HAMZAH FANSURI ANDCRITICISM OF NURUDIN AL-RANIRIThis study aims to find out: 1) the thought of Wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri; 2) Thereason Nuruddin al-Raniri criticized Hamzah Fansuri's thought, and (3) the ways in whichNuruddin al-Raniri faced Hamzah Fansuri's thoughts. The style of thinking of WujudiyahHamzah Fansuri is as follows. First, the substance and form of God are essentially thesame as substances and forms of nature. Second, the nature of tajalli from the substanceand form of God at the initial level is Nur Muhammad. Third, Nur Muhammad is thesource of all the khalq of Allah. Fourth, humans as microcosmos must try to achievetogetherness with God. Fifth, humans who succeed in achieving togetherness with God arehuman beings who have achieved perfection. The main reason for Nuruddin al-Raniricriticizing and rejecting Hamzah Fansuri's thinking was based on the concern that theteachings spread by Hamzah Fansuri would mislead the minds of ordinary people. Thereare two approaches used by Nuruddin al-Raniri in dealing with the teachings of Hamzah Fansuri: 1) intellectual approach, by writing various books that explain the historicalambiguities of the Wujudiyah and at the same time denial of Wujudiyah ideology andopen debate against wujudiyah followers; 2) power approach, by asking the authorities toban the circulation of writings that contain the teachings of wahdah al-wujud and evendestroy the books.
Front
Authors: Setiawan Benni
Published: January 2019

Cover, editorial team, daftar isi
Model Pendidikan Inklusif dalam Pembelajaran Sejarah di SMA Negeri 4 Palu
Authors: Abdullah Badria
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this research is to find out : (1) the development of education inclusive in SMAN 4 Palu, and (2) reality of learning of history at SMAN 4 Palu. Research data collected through the interview, observations, and the documentation. This study in the data analysis that are induktif  and in the form of interactive  are based on the relationship between the fact one and the fact that others who have a causal through the data collection, the reduction, of the data, the presentation of  the data, verification data, or the withdrawal of the conclusion. The results of research shows that activity as well as the development of education inclusive in SMAN 4 Palu has been run since 2014, students special needs learn along with the students regular in a class. All of the school support and tried to maximize education inclusive, although in fact  still much shortcomings in the implementation of education inclusive. In the learning of history at SMAN 4 Palu is good,  according to the implementation to the lives of the day of the day learners adapted in methods, the media, and the material impertinent. Keywords: Inclusive Education, History Learning.
STUDI KOMPARASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN SEJARAH DI SMA TARUNA NUSANTARA DAN SMA NEGERI 4 MAGELANG
Authors: Aditya Muhammad Fendi
Published: January 2019

This study aims to determine : (1) Knowing the policy of principals at Taruna Nusantara High School and Senior High School 4 Magelang to subjects of History, (2) Knowing the curriculum policy regarding the portion of the placement of the subjects of History, (3) how teachers deliver material and learning models History in high school of Taruna Nusantara High School and Senior High School 4 Magelang, and (4) how student opinion in History teachers the material. The results of the study at both schools led to the fact that Taruna Nusantara High School is promoting subjects as the history of important subjects, subjects using history as a spearhead in the successful implementation of special curriculum-based defend the country. Especially in the formation of character and cultivation of the spirit of nationalism, the students really enjoyed how the delivery of interesting material presented by the teacher of history at this school, teachers use a good individual approach so as to maximize the potential of students. In Senior High School 4 Magelang put the subjects of history into something very interesting because of factors that creative and innovative teachers of these subjects were used as a means of knowledge transfer that is very positive. Keywords: Comparative Studies, History Learning Model
KESUSASTRAAN: AJARAN NILAI-NILAI MORAL MASA HAMENGKUBUWONO V
Authors: Putri Gandes Sekar
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT The study of the values of leadership of Hamengkubuwono V can be found in the literary works that developed at that time. The literary work of Hemangkubuwono V period is growing rapidly and contains moral teachings that can be the reference of today. One of the emerging literary works, namely Serat Jatipusaka Makutharaja which exemplifies a leader in acting, values leadership as exemplary form and values of leadership that are implemented in life. The study of the value of leadership on literary works in this paper can be referred to as the Javanese-Islamic leadership model. Keywords: literary works, moral values, Hamengkubuwono V
HISTORY EDUCATION CURRICULUM POLICY MASS REFORM IN HIGH SCHOOL
Authors: Zulkarnain Zulkarnain
Published: January 2019

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: kebijakan kurikulum sejarah Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) pada masa Orde Lama. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan pendekatan historis. Penelitian ini menggunakan studi dokumen sebagai metode utama. Studi dokumen dilakukan terhadap sumber-sumber primer maupun sekunder untuk keperluan triangulasi sumber. Selain studi dokumen, penelitian ini juga menggunakan metode wawancara sebagai metode pelengkap. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap beberapa praktisi dan akademisi pendidikan termasuk di dalamnya praktisi kurikulum sejarah Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan model analisis interaktif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) selama kurun waktu 1945-1951, kurikulum sejarah SMA masih menggunakan kurikulum AMS(Algemene Middelbare School) yang merupakan kurikulum warisan zaman Hindia Belanda. Sedangkan kebijakan pemerintah terhadap kurikulum sejarah masa pemerintahan Orde Lama, lebih mengarah pada kebijakan politik, dan dengan jelas orientasi materi lebih banyak  mengarah  pada doktrin  politik, ideologi bangsa, begitu juga dengan orde baru. Berbeda dengan Oral dan Orba, kurikulum sejarah pada massa reformasi di mana kajiannya adalah kurikulum 1994 suplemen GBPP 1999,kurikulum 2004,2006 dan kurikulum 2013, selain menempatkan mata pelajaran sejarah pada kelompok mata pelajaran wajib serta peminatan, mata pelajaran sejarah diberikan porsi lebih dibandingkan porsi pembelajaran pada kurikulum 2004. Penambahan jam pelajaran tersebut bertujuan agar guru memiliki waktu yang lebih leluasa untuk mengelola dan mengembangkan proses pembelajaran yang berorientasi pada pengembangan sikap spiritual, sosial, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan peserta didik. Kata kunci: kebijakan, kurikulum sejarah masa reformasi, SMA
FACTORS CAUSING HISTORY TEACHERS’ DIFFICULTIES IN DEVELOPING INSTRUCTIONAL TEACHING IN SLEMAN REGENCY, YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Novianti Wina Kyky , Sugiyono Sugiyono
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT The method used is qualitative method. Research aims: (1) the profile of teachers who have difficulty, (2) factors – factors that cause difficulties teachers, (3) the similarity of difficulties teachers in developing a learning device, (4) the impact of the factors that lead to teacher trouble, (5) a teacher's efforts in developing a learning device. Results of the study include a profile of teachers examined there were seven teachers live in Yogyakarta, the difficulty factor of teachers in developing a learning device on a promissory note and prota clashed with hours of teaching, the RPP does not match field, the limited infrastructure, the similarity of difficulties teachers develop learning devices: the time the making of RPP, the limited infrastructure, the impact posed namely teachers less ready in the delivery of the learning material, not optimal , work done: MGMP, participation and training. Keywords: teacher learning device, difficulty, effort, the impact. Keywords: teachers’ difficulties, learning kits, efforts, impacts
INCULCATING THE VALUES OF NATIONALISM THROUGH HISTORICAL LEARNING IN SMA NEGERI 1 PAJANGAN
Authors: Ramadhan Gandhi , Machfauzia Ayu Niza
Published: January 2019

ABSTRACT This research aimed to (1) describe the effort to inculcate the values of nationalism in school; (2) describe efforts to inculcate the values of nationalism in the history learning; (3) identify the obstacles of history teacher in instilling the values of nationalism. This research was a naturalistic qualitative research. The sample was determined through purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data trustworthiness was done through triangulation. Interactive model of Miles and Huberman were used for data analyzed. The results of the research showed that (1) the efforts to inculcate the values of nationalism in SMA Negeri 1 Pajangan had been implemented through the policy and school order. The suspension system became the basis for disciplining learners in school; (2) the inculcation of the values of nationalism by the history teacher was done through preparation of the lesson planing, teaching media according to material, lecturing method and discussion; (3) there were three factors that became obstacles of history teacher in the effort to inculcate the values of nationalism, were a) history teacher, b) attitudes of learners, and c) learning facilities. Keywords: the cultivation of the values of nationalism, nationalism, the study of history.
Accelerating Research With Technology: Rapid Recruitment for a Large-Scale Web-Based Sleep Study (Preprint)
Authors: Deering Sean , Grade Madeline M , Uppal Jaspreet K , Foschini Luca , Juusola Jessie L , Amdur Adam M , Stepnowsky Carl J
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Participant recruitment can be a significant bottleneck in carrying out research studies. Connected health and mobile health platforms allow for the development of Web-based studies that can offer improvement in this domain. Sleep is of vital importance to the mental and physical health of all individuals, yet is understudied on a large scale or beyond the focus of sleep disorders. For this reason and owing to the availability of digital sleep tracking tools, sleep is well suited to being studied in a Web-based environment.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to investigate a method for speeding up the recruitment process and maximizing participant engagement using a novel approach, the Achievement Studies platform (Evidation Health, Inc, San Mateo, CA, USA), while carrying out a study that examined the relationship between participant sleep and daytime function.

METHODS

Participants could access the Web-based study platform at any time from any computer or Web-enabled device to complete study procedures and track study progress. Achievement community members were invited to the study and assessed for eligibility. Eligible participants completed an electronic informed consent process to enroll in the study and were subsequently invited to complete an electronic baseline questionnaire. Then, they were asked to connect a wearable device account through their study dashboard, which shared their device data with the research team. The data were used to provide objective sleep and activity metrics for the study. Participants who completed the baseline questionnaires were subsequently sent a daily single-item Sleepiness Checker activity for 7 consecutive days at baseline and every 3 months thereafter for 1 year.

RESULTS

Overall, 1156 participants enrolled in the study within a 5-day recruitment window. In the 1st hour, the enrollment rate was 6.6 participants per minute (394 per hour). In the first 24 hours, the enrollment rate was 0.8 participants per minute (47 participants per hour). Overall, 1132 participants completed the baseline questionnaires (1132/1156, 97.9%) and 1047 participants completed the initial Sleepiness Checker activity (1047/1156, 90.6%). Furthermore, 1000 participants provided activity-specific wearable data (1000/1156, 86.5%) and 982 provided sleep-specific wearable data (982/1156, 84.9%).

CONCLUSIONS

The Achievement Studies platform allowed for rapid recruitment and high study engagement (survey completion and device data sharing). This approach to carrying out research appears promising. However, conducting research in this way requires that participants have internet access and own and use a wearable device. As such, our sample may not be representative of the general population.
Quality Assessment of Health Information about Scaphoid Fracture in Chinese Websites (Preprint)
Authors: Yin Yaobin , Ji Jianguang , Lu Peng , Zhong Wenyao , Sun Liying , Tian Wen , Chen Shanlin
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

With online health information becoming increasingly popular among patients and their family members, concerns have been raised about the accuracy from the websites.

OBJECTIVE

We aimed to evaluate the overall quality of the online information about scaphoid fracture obtained from Chinese websites using the local search engines.

METHODS

We conducted an online search using the keyword “scaphoid fracture” from the top 5 search engines in China, i.e. Baidu, Shenma, Haosou, Sougou and Bing, and gathered the top ranked websites, which included a total of 120 websites. Among them, 81 websites were kept for further analyses by removing duplicated and unrelated one as well as websites requiring payment. These websites were classified into four categories, including forum/social networks, commercials, academics and physician’s personals. Health information evaluation tool DISCERN and Scaphoid Fracture Specific Content Score (SFSCS) were used to assess the quality of the websites.

RESULTS

Among the 81 Chinese websites that we studied, commercial websites were the most common one accounting more than half of all websites. The mean DISCERN score of the 81 websites was 25.56 and no website had a score A (ranging from 64 to 80).The mean SFSCS score was 10.04 and no website had a score A (range between 24 and 30). In addition, DISCERN and SFSCS scores from academic and physician’s websites were significantly higher than those from the forum/social networks and commercials.

CONCLUSIONS

The overall quality of health information obtained from Chinese websites about scaphoid fracture was very low, suggesting that patients and their family members should be aware such deficiency and pay special attentions for the medical information obtained by using the current search engines in China.
A Web-Based and Print-Delivered Computer-Tailored Physical Activity Intervention for Older Adults: Pretest-Posttest Intervention Study Comparing Delivery Mode Preference and Attrition (Preprint)
Authors: Boekhout Janet Maria , Peels Denise Astrid , Berendsen Brenda Angela Juliette , Bolman Catherine , Lechner Lilian
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Web-based interventions can play an important role in promoting physical activity (PA) behavior among older adults. Although the effectiveness of these interventions is promising, they are often characterized by low reach and high attrition, which considerably hampers their potential impact on public health.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify the participant characteristics associated with the preference for a Web-based or a printed delivery mode and to determine whether an association exists between delivery modes or participant characteristics and attrition in an intervention. This knowledge may enhance implementation, sustainability of participation, and effectiveness of future interventions for older adults.

METHODS

A real-life pretest-posttest intervention study was performed (N=409) among community-living single adults who were older than 65 years, with physical impairments caused by chronic diseases. Measurements were taken at baseline and 3 months after the start of the intervention. Hierarchical logistic regression was used to assess demographic and behavioral characteristics (age, gender, body mass index, educational attainment, degree of loneliness, and PA level), as well as psychosocial characteristics (social support for PA, modeling, self-efficacy, attitude, and intention) related to delivery mode preference at baseline and attrition after 3 months.

RESULTS

The printed delivery mode achieved higher participation (58.9%, 241/409) than the Web-based delivery mode (41.1%, 168/409). Participation in the Web-based delivery mode was associated with younger age (B=–0.10; SE 0.02; Exp (B)=0.91; P<.001) and higher levels of social support for PA (B=0.38; SE 0.14; Exp (B)=1.46; P=.01); attrition was associated with participation in the Web-based delivery mode (B=1.28; SE 0.28; Exp (B)=3.58; P<.001) and low educational attainment (B=–0.53; SE 0.28; Exp (B)=0.59; P=.049).

CONCLUSIONS

A total of 41% of the participants chose the Web-based delivery mode, thus demonstrating a potential interest of single older adults with physical impairments in Web-based delivered interventions. However, attrition was demonstrated to be higher in the Web-based delivery mode, and lower educational attainment was found to be a predictor for attrition in the Web-based delivery mode. Characteristics predicting a preference for the printed delivery mode included being older and receiving less social support. Although Web-based delivery modes are generally less expensive and easier to distribute, it may be advisable to offer a printed delivery mode alongside a Web-based delivery mode to prevent exclusion of a large part of the target population.

CLINICALTRIAL

Netherlands Trial Register NTR2297; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/2173
Electronic Health Literacy Among Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Medical Imaging Outpatients: Cluster Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Hyde Lisa Lynne , Boyes Allison W , Mackenzie Lisa J , Leigh Lucy , Oldmeadow Christopher , Riveros Carlos , Sanson-Fisher Rob
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Variations in an individual’s electronic health (eHealth) literacy may influence the degree to which health consumers can benefit from eHealth. The eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS) is a common measure of eHealth literacy. However, the lack of guidelines for the standardized interpretation of eHEALS scores limits its research and clinical utility. Cut points are often arbitrarily applied to the eHEALS item or at the global level, which assumes a dichotomy of high and low eHealth literacy. This approach disregards scale constructs and results in inaccurate and inconsistent conclusions. Cluster analysis is an exploratory technique, which can be used to overcome these issues, by identifying classes of patients reporting similar eHealth literacy without imposing data cut points.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this cross-sectional study was to identify classes of patients reporting similar eHealth literacy and assess characteristics associated within each class.

METHODS

Medical imaging outpatients were recruited consecutively in the waiting room of one major public hospital in New South Wales, Australia. Participants completed a self-report questionnaire assessing their sociodemographic characteristics and eHealth literacy, using the eHEALS. Latent class analysis was used to explore eHealth literacy clusters identified by a distance-based cluster analysis, and to identify characteristics associated with class membership.

RESULTS

Of the 268 eligible and consenting participants, 256 (95.5%) completed the eHEALS. Consistent with distance-based findings, 4 latent classes were identified, which were labeled as low (21.1%, 54/256), moderate (26.2%, 67/256), high (32.8%, 84/256), and very high (19.9%, 51/256) eHealth literacy. Compared with the low class, participants who preferred to receive a lot of health information reported significantly higher odds of moderate eHealth literacy (odds ratio 16.67, 95% CI 1.67-100.00; P=.02), and those who used the internet at least daily reported significantly higher odds of high eHealth literacy (odds ratio 4.76, 95% CI 1.59-14.29; P=.007).

CONCLUSIONS

The identification of multiple classes of eHealth literacy, using both distance-based and latent class analyses, highlights the limitations of using the eHEALS global score as a dichotomous measurement tool. The findings suggest that eHealth literacy support needs vary in this population. The identification of low and moderate eHealth literacy classes indicate that the design of eHealth resources should be tailored to patients’ varying levels of eHealth literacy. eHealth literacy improvement interventions are needed, and these should be targeted based on individuals’ internet use frequency and health information amount preferences.
Objectively Monitoring Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Patient Symptoms During Clinical Trials With Sensors: Observational Study (Preprint)
Authors: Garcia-Gancedo Luis , Kelly Madeline L , Lavrov Arseniy , Parr Jim , Hart Rob , Marsden Rachael , Turner Martin R , Talbot Kevin , Chiwera Theresa , Shaw Christopher E , Al-Chalabi Ammar
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Objective symptom monitoring of patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) has the potential to provide an important source of information to evaluate the impact of the disease on aspects of real-world functional capacity and activities of daily living in the home setting, providing useful objective outcome measures for clinical trials.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of a novel digital platform for remote data collection of multiple symptoms—physical activity, heart rate variability (HRV), and digital speech characteristics—in 25 patients with ALS in an observational clinical trial setting to explore the impact of the devices on patients’ everyday life and to record tolerability related to the devices and study procedures over 48 weeks.

METHODS

In this exploratory, noncontrolled, nondrug study, patients attended a clinical site visit every 3 months to perform activity reference tasks while wearing a sensor, to conduct digital speech tests and for conventional ALS monitoring. In addition, patients wore the sensor in their daily life for approximately 3 days every month for the duration of the study.

RESULTS

The amount and quality of digital speech data captured at the clinical sites were as intended, and there were no significant issues. All the home monitoring sensor data available were propagated through the system and were received as expected. However, the amount and quality of physical activity home monitoring data were lower than anticipated. A total of 3 or more days (or partial days) of data were recorded for 65% of protocol time points, with no data collected for 24% of time points. At baseline, 24 of 25 patients provided data, reduced to 13 of 18 patients at Week 48. Lower-than-expected quality HRV data were obtained, likely because of poor contact between the sensor and the skin. In total, 6 of 25 patients had mild or moderate adverse events (AEs) in the skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders category because of skin irritation caused by the electrode patch. There were no reports of serious AEs or deaths. Most patients found the sensor comfortable, with no or minimal impact on daily activities.

CONCLUSIONS

The platform can measure physical activity in patients with ALS in their home environment; patients used the equipment successfully, and it was generally well tolerated. The quantity of home monitoring physical activity data was lower than expected, although it was sufficient to allow investigation of novel physical activity end points. Good-quality in-clinic speech data were successfully captured for analysis. Future studies using objective patient monitoring approaches, combined with the most current technological advances, may be useful to elucidate novel digital biomarkers of disease progression.
Effectiveness and Cost-Effectiveness of Blended Cognitive Behavioral Therapy in Clinically Depressed Adolescents: Protocol for a Pragmatic Quasi-Experimental Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Rasing Sanne P A , Stikkelbroek Yvonne A J , Riper Heleen , Dekovic Maja , Nauta Maaike H , Dirksen Carmen D , Creemers Daan H M , Bodden Denise H M
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective intervention to treat depressive disorders in youth. However, 50% of adolescents still have depressive symptoms after treatment, and 57% drop out during treatment. Online CBT interventions have proven to be effective in reducing depressive symptoms and seem promising as a treatment for depressed adolescents. However, combining online programs with face-to-face sessions seems necessary to increase their effectiveness and monitor for suicide risk.

OBJECTIVE

In this study, we examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended CBT treatment protocol, a mixture of online and face-to-face CBT, as a treatment for clinically depressed adolescents.

METHODS

A pragmatic quasi-experimental controlled trial will be conducted to study the effectiveness of a blended CBT treatment protocol, in which blended CBT is compared with face-to-face CBT (n=44) and treatment as usual (n=44); the latter two were collected in a previous randomized controlled trial. The same inclusion and exclusion criteria will be used: adolescents aged between 12 and 21 years, with a clinical diagnosis of a depressive disorder, and referred to one of the participating mental health institutions. Assessments will be conducted at the same time points: before the start of the intervention, during the intervention (after 5 and 10 weeks), postintervention, and at 6- and 12-month follow-ups.

RESULTS

The primary outcome is the presence of a depression diagnosis at 12-month follow-up. Several secondary outcomes will be measured, such as depressive symptoms, quality of life, and suicide risk. Costs and effects in both conditions will be compared to analyze cost-effectiveness. Further, moderating (age, gender, alcohol and drug use, parental depression, and other psychopathology) and mediating effects (negative automatic thoughts, cognitive emotion regulation, attributional style) will be analyzed. Also, treatment characteristics will be studied, such as characteristics of the therapists, treatment expectancy, and therapeutic alliance. Dropout rates and treatment characteristics will be measured to study the feasibility of blended CBT.

CONCLUSIONS

This study will examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a blended CBT program in which depressed adolescents are treated in mental health care. Results of blended CBT will be compared with face-to-face CBT and treatment as usual, and implications for implementation will be reviewed.

CLINICALTRIAL

Dutch Trial Register (NTR6759); http://www.trialregister.nl/trialreg/admin/rctview.asp?TC=6759
Radiofrequency-Assisted Liver Resection Versus Clamp-Crush Liver Resection: Protocol for an Updated Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review (Preprint)
Authors: El-Koubani Osman , McCann Mark , Christmas Daniel , Khanna Aakash , von Maydell Alexander
Published: January 2019

BACKGROUND

Malignancy of the liver has historically meant a poor prognosis and remains the second most common cause of cancer-related deaths globally. Traditionally, hepatectomy has utilized the clamp-crush technique; however, this is associated with high incidence of postoperative complications. Many novel techniques have been developed—radiofrequency ablation and transarterial chemoembolization; however, these are not applicable to numerous cases. Clamp-crush liver resection (CCLR) remains the gold standard. Radiofrequency-assisted liver resection (RFLR) is a technique that aims to reduce mortality through bloodless liver resection. A systematic review was previously performed on RFLR but the results neither recommended nor refuted the use of RFLR owing to the lack of sufficient evidence from well-designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) at the time.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the study is the meta-analysis and systematic review of recent studies comparing RFLR against CCLR.

METHODS

Articles comparing RFLR and CCLR that were published from 2014 until 2019 will be reviewed and relevant data will be extracted and statistically analyzed through Review Manager 5 (by the Cochrane Collaboration) together with the results of the previous meta-analysis.

RESULTS

Data collection is currently underway, with papers being screened. We hope to publish the results in 2019.

CONCLUSIONS

Given the high mortality rates currently associated with liver resection, it is imperative that novel surgical techniques are undertaken and investigated so we can improve best practice guidance and outcomes.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/13437