bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of incompatibility for topical anionic agents used in conjunc-tion with chlorhexidine gluconate: A systematic review
Authors: Tran Gary , Huynh Thy N , Bruins Finola M , Ahmad Najeah , Budris William A , Posligua Alba , Hammel Josh A , Nardone Beatrice , West Dennis P
Published: June 2016

Chlorhexidine gluconate (CHG) is a widely used antiseptic agent for skin and wound disinfection. The cationic properties of CHG may allow its inactivation and precipitation by anionic agents in commonly used topical agents. We conducted a systematic review by searching through PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases and selected original research articles reporting on CHG incompatibility, defined as inactivation or precipitation. The search yielded 22 publications that demonstrated CHG incompatibility via: 1) reduced antibacterial activity (carbomer, acrylates/C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer, dentin, bovine serum albumin, copolymer M239144, sodium lauryl sulfate, heat-killed microbes, triethanolamine, and bark cork); and 2) visible precipitate formation (sodium hypochlorite, EDTA, saline, ethanol, andnystatin). Only three publications reported on CHG incompatibility in dermatology, specifically for carbomer, triethanolamine, and acrylates/C10-C30 alkyl acrylate crosspolymer. Although limited evidence linking CHG incompatibility and anionic agents exists, clinicians should carefully consider the nature of topical agents used if CHG is concurrently applied. Increased awareness of CHG incompatibility may result in better antibacterial activity thus ensuring optimal patient management.
Some Unique Considerations in Treatment of Multiple Sclerosis
Authors: Mazhar Faizan , Haider Nafis
Published: June 2016

Multiple sclerosis is one of several diseases described as demyelinating because it causes damage to the myelin sheath. The presence of additional medical condition like pregnancy, osteoporosis and infections is common with multiple sclerosis that adversely affects the health outcomes. The treatment of MS becomes more complex when compounded by these existing additional medical condition. This review highlight important pharmacotherapeutic considerations in treatment of MS in these special patient population.
A UV-Spectrophotmetric Chemometric Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Sulfadoxine and Pyrimethamine in Tablets
Authors: Mohamed Hagga M. A. , Imran Mohd. , Ali Monadil H. M. , Abdelwahab Mohammed F. , Alhaj Abdullrahman A.
Published: June 2016

In the present study, a simple, inexpensive, precise and accurate uv-spectrophotometric method based on chemometrics, has been developed for the simultaneous determination of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet formulation. The % recoveries obtained were 99.7% ± 0.9 and 101.5% ± 0.8 for sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine, respectively. The developed method has been compared to USP-HPLC method with regard to accuracy and precision. The calculated F-ratio and the (t) statistics indicate that there is no significant difference at 5% level with regard to precision and accuracy between the proposed and the USP methods. Moreover, the developed method is simple, cost-effective, and less time-consuming. Accordingly, it can be used advantageously in routine quality control of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in tablet formulation.
Relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction:A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Shajari Farzaneh , Sohrabi Faramarz , Jomehri Farhad
Published: June 2016

Over the past decade the concept of Internet Addiction has grown in terms of its acceptance as a legitimate clinical disorder often requiring treatment. Many hospitals and clinics have emerged with outpatient treatment services for Internet Addiction. Most recently, the findings of this research area has led American Psychiatric Association to include the diagnosis of Internet Addiction in the Appendix in the DSM-V. The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationship between Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction among students. This research is a cross-sectional survey. Statistical population of the study included undergraduate and postgraduate students of Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran. 195 students by using simple sampling method were selected. The Young Schema Questionnaire-Short Form (YSQ-SF) and Generalized Problematic Internet Use Scale (GPIUS) were applied as measuring Instruments. To analyze the data Pearson Correlation and regression method were used. Results indicated that there was a significant relationship between 5 domains of Early Maladaptive Schema and Internet Addiction in students. Also, there was a significant relationship between each 15 dimensions of Early Maladaptive Schema with Internet Addiction. According to research findings, the formatting schema during early years can be strong factor in the tendency to use internet. It is essential that more detailed studies should be carried out in this area, particularly about internet addiction.
Hepatoprotective Effect of Captopril on Liver Toxicity Induced by High and Low Dose of Paracetamol in Rats:Histological Study
Authors: Al-Shaikh Turki M. , Mudawi Mahmoud M. E. , Yassin Abdelhadi Y. A. , Habeballa Rami S. , Chidrawar Vijay R.
Published: June 2016

Many patients may administered medications like captopril (ACE inhibitor) for treatment of chronic diseases and may also take Paracetamol as an Over The Counter (OTC) drug which may interact with captopril. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate of the hepatoprotective effect of captopril on liver toxicity induced by low and high dose of paracetamol in rats. This study was conducted in two phases: first study for low dose of paracetamol (300 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were treated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS), captopril 20 mg/kg, paracetamol 300 mg/kg or captopril 20 mg/kg plus paracetamol 300 mg/kg for 10 consecutive days. Second study for single high dose of paracetamol (3000 mg/kg); animals were divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each (n = 6); all groups were pretreated orally either 0.9 % Normal Saline (NS) or captopril 20 mg/kg for 7 consecutive days followed by single oral administration of Paracetamol 3000 mg/kg or normal saline. The administration of Paracetamol or normal saline was performed 24 hours after the last administration of captopril. After 48 hours of hepatic injury induction, the animals were then sacrificed and the liver was removed for histopathological studies. Low dose (300 mg/kg) for 10 days and high single dose (3000 mg/kg) of paracetamol produced hepatotoxic effects. While captopril 20 mg/kg showed marked protection against changes induced by low and high dose of paracetamol on the liver.
‘Holistic Mothers’ or ‘Bad Mothers’? Challenging Biomedical Models of the Body in Portugal
Authors: Fedele Anna
Published: June 2016

This paper is based on early fieldwork findings on ‘holistic mothering’ in contemporary Portugal. I use holistic mothering as an umbrella term to cover different mothering choices, which are rooted in the assumption that pregnancy, childbirth and early childhood are important spiritual occasions for both mother and child. Considering that little social scientific literature exists about the religious dimension of alternative mothering choices, I present here a first description of this phenomenon and offer some initial anthropological reflections, paying special attention to the influence of Goddess spirituality on holistic mothers. Drawing on Pamela Klassen’s ethnography about religion and home birth in America (2001), I argue that in Portugal holistic mothers are challenging biomedical models of the body, asking for a more woman-centred care, and contributing to the process, already widespread in certain other European countries, of ‘humanising’ pregnancy and childbirth.
Afterword: Giving Voice: The Contested Sites of Motherhood, Religion and Spirituality
Authors: Jones Rachel
Published: June 2016

This afterword offers a reflective response to the methods and thematic content of the papers collected in this special issue on motherhood, religions and spirituality. It suggests that by using qualitative interviews to give voice to (other) women as well as to mothers themselves, the issue counters the traditional silencing of female and maternal experience. This feminist gesture echoes the corporeal generosity of birth as well as the dependency and relationality of the maternal scene. The response foregrounds the issue’s attentiveness to both the diverse intersections of mothering, religion and spiritual practice and the diversity of those who mother. It seeks to situate the resulting complexity in relation to a range of theoretical reference points (philosophical and theological; feminist, womanist, and queer) and concludes that, collectively, these papers present mothering as a site both of contestation and of precarious promise.
Algoritmo para planear trayectorias de robots móviles, empleando campos potenciales y enjambres de partículas activas brownianas
Authors: Espitia Cuchango Helbert Eduardo , Sofrony Esmeral Jorge Iván
Published: June 2016

En este documento se presenta la propuesta de un algoritmo para planear trayectorias, empleando un modelo de partículas activas brownianas. Existen varios métodos para planear trayectorias en robótica móvil, y uno de los más populares es el basado en campos potenciales artificiales; sin embargo, este método tiene la desventaja de presentar mínimos locales lo cual puede hacer que el robot no logre llegar al punto destino. Aunque ya se han realizado aplicaciones de enjambres de partículas para evadir mínimos locales, en la propuesta aquí presentada, se busca emplear un modelo compacto que permita planear la trayectoria, evadiendo mínimos locales.
Aprendizaje estructural de redes bayesianas: Un enfoque basado en puntaje y búsqueda
Authors: Cardozo Ojeda Erwing Fabián , Arguello Fuentes Henry
Published: June 2016

Una de las más recientes representaciones de conocimiento bajo incertidumbre son las Redes Bayesianas cuyo mayor atractivo es la propiedad de poder obtener dicha representación a partir de una gran cantidad de datos. El problema radica en que obtener la estructura de una red (procedimiento comúnmente llamado aprendizaje) es un problema NP-Duro, por lo cual se ha realizado una gran cantidad de trabajos para hacer el aprendizaje en los cuales, uno de los enfoques más conocidos es el llamado Basado en puntaje y búsqueda. Este artículo revisa las definiciones básicas de las Redes bayesianas, el enfoque basado en puntaje y las búsquedas y sus derivados, esto es, el enfoque híbrido y la búsqueda de clases de equivalencia; además, describe algunos algoritmos para cada enfoque y presenta un resumen de los resultados de los últimos trabajos realizados.
IMPRO4: Una aplicación de tipo SAAS (software as a service) para la evaluación de impacto ambiental
Authors: Gómez Villarino Teresa , Gómez Orea Domingo
Published: June 2016

Este artículo presenta el programa IMPRO4-EIA, aplicación informática diseñada expresamente para realizar el Estudio de Impacto Ambiental de un proyecto y sus alternativas, en forma sistemática, rápida, eficaz y eficiente, de acuerdo con el contenido que fija la legislación vigente y con el estilo de los más modernos enfoques. Dicho estudio supone el principal soporte técnico de la Evaluación Impacto Ambiental (EIA). El manejo del programa por parte del usuario sigue un proceso conversacional, de tal modo que permite simular distintas hipótesis de trabajo (cambiar criterios, valoraciones, juicios, etc.), obteniendo respuestas rápidas. Dicha posibilidad es de gran interés, dada la incertidumbre inherente a los estudios de impacto ambiental derivada de su carácter predictivo, de su complejidad y de la necesidad de incluir juicios de valor durante todo el proceso de elaboración, debido a que una de las formas más útiles de tratar la incertidumbre, consiste en hacer análisis de sensibilidad, es decir, analizar cómo cambian los resultados cuando se cambian las hipótesis de trabajo, lo cual sólo puede hacerse de manera eficaz cuando se dispone de una herramienta que permita obtener tales resultados con rapidez.
Oxalic acid degradation by a novel fungal oxalate oxidase from Abortiporus biennis
Authors: Grąz Marcin , Rachwał Kamila , Zan Radosław , Jarosz-Wilkołazka Anna
Published: June 2016

Oxalate oxidase was identified in mycelial extracts of a basidiomycete Abortiporus biennis strain. Intracellular enzyme activity was detected only after prior lowering of the pH value of the fungal cultures by using oxalic or hydrochloric acids. This enzyme was purified using size exclusion chromatography (Sephadex G-25) and ion-exchange chromatography (DEAE-Sepharose). This enzyme exhibited optimum activity at pH 2 when incubated at 40°C, and the optimum temperature was established at 60°C. Among the tested organic acids, this enzyme exhibited specificity only towards oxalic acid. Molecular mass was calculated as 58 kDa. The values of Km for oxalate and Vmax for the enzyme reaction were 0.015 M and 30 mmol min-1, respectively.
Willingness of Nigerian Quail Farmers to Accept Japanese Quail for Large Scale Production in Ogun state, Nigeria
Authors: Aromolaran Adetayo K. , Apantaku Samson O. , Sodiya Comfort I. , Kuti Obakunle O.
Published: June 2016

The study investigated willingness of Nigerian quail farmers to accept Japanese quail for large scale productions. Snowball sampling technique was used to select Ninety quail farmers. Only 43.3% of them were willing to accept Japanese quail for large scale production. Most (66.7%) were not aware of its health values while 3.3% had excellent knowledge in quail’s management practices. Significant relationship (r = 0.466, p < 0.05) exists between farmers’ awareness and willingness to accept Japanese quail. It is recommended that extension agencies in Nigeria should provide package training to Nigerian farmers on Japanese quails’ value and management practices so as to improve their knowledge in sustainable quail production.
Grassroot Innovations on Fishing Rafts in India
Authors: Kureel Shivta , Sharma Arpita , Wasave Suhas
Published: June 2016

Fisheries are entirely a people driven industry and have been growing at an impressive rate. Innovations in fisheries sector are happening continuously that lead to the creation of novel solutions to both common and uncommon problems faced by fishers. Different kinds of fishing boats and rafts are used in fishing which is expensive for poor fishers hence; innovations are a phenomenon in the development of fishing rafts. These innovations are made from locally available materials. Keeping this assertion in mind, a study was conducted with an objective to record the innovations on the development of fishing rafts and to check the appropriateness of these innovations on select parameters. The case of five innovations has been examined and discussed in this paper and confirmed by means of a personal visit. Appropriateness of these innovations was tested on a fivepoint Likert scale. Point 5 being highly appropriate and 1 being least appropriate with innovation considered as appropriate if its score was above 3. Innovations were ranked by respondents (N= 140) who had graduation in Fisheries Sciences and all innovations were found to be appropriate with a score of above 3/5. It was observed that these innovations are contributing to the economic saving of the fishers and they are very effective in daily use and found efficiently contributing to routine work. The government must encourage farmers who are practising innovative methods which are easy to use, sustainable and offer economic incentives for good practices.
Pamięć zbiorowa mieszkańców miasta. Studium o badaniach pamięci zbiorowej
Authors: Pabjan Barbara
Published: June 2016

Badania pamięci zbiorowej są wielodyscyplinarne, w badaniach społecznych pamięci dominuje podejście jakościowe. Inną cechą tego nurtu badań jest przewaga refleksji teoretycznej nad metodologiczną. Artykuł jest próbą wypełnienia tej luki − analizuje możliwości i ograniczenia badań pamięci zbiorowej i specyfikę badania pamięci zbiorowej mieszkańców miasta. Dyskutowane są wybrane przykłady (z badań własnych) ilustrujące takie kwestie, jak: funkcje pomiaru ilościowego w badaniu pamięci zbiorowej, zastosowanie fotografii w analizie odbioru przestrzeni miejskiej, badanie zbiorowej recepcji przeszłości miasta i wykorzystanie eksperymentu naturalnego do badań.
Wybrane problemy praktyczne w orzekaniu w przedmiocie przestępstw narkotykowych
Authors: Błoński Michał
Published: June 2016

Artykuł porusza istotne problemy praktyczne dotyczące orzekania na podstawie ustawy o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii. W opracowaniu dokonano analizy możliwości umorzenia postępowania na podstawie art. 62a ustawy i poddano krytyce zwłaszcza przesłanki warunkujące takie orzeczenie. Zawarto również rozważania dotyczące prawidłowej kwalifikacji prawnej czynów opisanych w ustawie o przeciwdziałaniu narkomanii oraz pojęcia „znacznej ilości” środków odurzających lub substancji psychotropowych. Wyrażone zostało stanowisko o braku potrzeby ustawowego doprecyzowania tego nieostrego pojęcia.
Glosa do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 3 grudnia 2014 r., II KK 219/14
Authors: Mazurek-Wardak Magdalena , Wardak Zbigniew
Published: June 2016

Artykuł stanowi glosę aprobującą do wyroku Sądu Najwyższego z dnia 3 grudnia 2014 r., II KK 219/14. W szczególności zwrócono uwagę na płynącą z tego wyroku konieczność ustalenia rzeczywistego wpływu środka odurzającego na sprawność psychomotoryczną kierowcy w razie popełnienia przestępstwa przeciwko bezpieczeństwu ruchu pod wpływem tego środka odurzającego. Autorzy proponują użycie testów służących do oceny upośledzenia psychomotorycznego u kierowców podejrzanych o użycie substancji działających podobnie do alkoholu.
Wpływ sprawności funkcjonowania pamięci roboczej na powstawanie fałszywych wspomnień
Authors: Maciaszek Patrycja
Published: June 2016

Celem prezentowanych badań było określenie, czy sprawność funkcji pamięci roboczej jednostki (working memory, WM) wpływa na skłonność do wytwarzania fałszywych wspomnień. Do operacjonalizacji terminu „fałszywe wspomnienia” wykorzystano klasyczny paradygmat słów skojarzonych (DRM paradigm; Deese, 1959; McDermott, Roediger, 1995), którego adaptację przeprowadzono na potrzeby pracy. Funkcje WM zdefiniowano za Miyake i Shah (1999) jako: (1) przerzutność uwagi, (2) aktualizacja treści oraz (3) hamowanie reakcji. W badaniach wzięło udział 94 studentów Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego w wieku 19–26 lat (M = 20; SD = 1,735). Do pomiaru pamięci roboczej wykorzystano komputerowe zadania SWATT oraz MEMATT w opracowaniu A. Chuderskiego, a fałszywych przypomnień – prezentację list słów skojarzonych. Porównanie wyników pozwala stwierdzić, że sprawność WM istotnie wpływa na liczbę fałszywych wspomnień u osób badanych, co wyrażało się doborem adekwatnej strategii decyzyjnej. Stosowanie refleksyjnej strategii powodowało powstanie mniejszej liczby fałszywych przypomnień, ale było związane z popełnianiem większej liczby błędów ominięcia, niż w przypadku strategii impulsywnej. Otrzymane wyniki tłumaczono jako przejaw głębszego przetworzenia informacji przez osoby refleksyjne (Craik, Lockhart, 1972). Stosowanie refleksyjnej strategii interpretowano jako wyraz sprawnej polityki przydzielania zasobów przez WM (Kahneman, 1973). Udało się też zbudować model regresji, pozwalający na predykcje spadku liczby fałszywych wspomnień o 45,5% w przypadku zmiany strategii decyzyjnej z bardziej impulsywnej w kierunku bardziej refleksyjnym.
Sympatyczność twarzy – wstęp do oceny uwarunkowań
Authors: Filipowicz Joanna
Published: June 2016

Celem niniejszego badania była wstępna eksploracja uwarunkowań sympatyczności twarzy. Jako że sympatyczność nie była wcześniej przedmiotem zainteresowania polskich badaczy, poszukiwano potwierdzenia, że jest ona zmienną odrębną od atrakcyjności fizycznej, a także możliwą do instynktownej oceny wyłącznie na podstawie krótkotrwałej ekspozycji twarzy. Sprawdzano też, czy ekspresja emocjonalna ma wpływ na to, jak oceniana jest sympatyczność oraz próbowano rozstrzygnąć, czy jest to cecha obiektywna, czy też istnieją różnice między ludźmi w jej postrzeganiu. Badaniem objęto 82 osoby (41 mężczyzn i 41 kobiet) w wieku od 18 do 30 lat. Wyniki świadczą o tym, że sympatyczność twarzy należy rozpatrywać jako zmienną odrębną od atrakcyjności fizycznej i podlegającą subiektywnej ocenie. Wykazano, że pozytywna ekspresja emocjonalna może sprzyjać wysokim ocenom sympatyczności. Wiele poruszonych kwestii dotyczących sympatyczności twarzy wciąż wymaga rozstrzygnięcia ze względu na ograniczenia niniejszych badań, jednak można mieć nadzieję, że dadzą one asumpt do przyszłych rozważań.
Kairos a fotografia
Authors: Kłosek Sebastian
Published: June 2016

Problem of time was widely discussed in Greek antiquity. Numerous definitions of time indicate
that the phenomenon was not clear to the ancient people. Kairos was among of them. It described
the unique moment, which was bringing to a halt normal course of time and allowed a change
to happen. And nowadays, Kairos is still considered as faint moment that if not captured, disappears
irretrievably. This paper analyzes the connection between Kairos and the contemporary art medium
– photography, which main idea is to catch and hold the very special moments.
Bioenergy: Risks to food-, energy- and environmental security
Authors: Popp József , Harangi-Rákos Mónika , Pető Károly , Nagy Adrian
Published: June 2016

There are growing opportunities and demands for the use of biomass to provide additional renewables, energy for heat, power and fuel, pharmaceuticals and green chemical feedstocks. However, the worldwide potential of bioenergy is limited, because all land is multifunctional, and land is also needed for food, feed, timber and fiber production, and for nature conservation and climate protection. The recent expansion of the bioenergy industries together with a strong increase in many commodity prices has raised concerns over the land use choices between energy needs and food and feed. New systems of energy production must be developed based on cost of environmental damage due to production and use of fossil energy and certain chemicals and materials. This article presents risks to food and energy security, estimates of bioenergy potential and the challenges of the environmental and social impact associated with expansions in bioenergy production.
Consumer attitudes and preferences about the pork meat in Hungary (based on cluster analysis)
Authors: Vida Viktória
Published: June 2016

In my study I wish to investigate the fact that how the pork consumption of Hungary changed during the last years. This study focuses on consumer’s attitudes about (pork) meat, what do they think about the healthness of the different meat type, what are the strengths and weaknesses of pork meat, what are the main features of good quality pork meat, what are the major pork purchase influencing factors and what are the favourite food of the respondents from pork meat etc. Then I analyze the tendency of these values (cross tabs, bar/pie charts, means, Chi-square), where can be found significant differences, and make a cluster analysis to identify the pork consumers in Hungary.
Growth and venture capital investment potential for university spin-offs in Hungary
Authors: Becsky-Nagy Patrícia
Published: June 2016

Venture backed spin-offs represent a low proportion of companies, even of innovative companies. The research question was, whether these companies have an important role in innovation and economic growth. I present the most important indicators of innovation in connection with entrepreneurship, the measures of start-ups, mainly the high-tech ones. I describe the position of venture capital industry nowadays, detailing the classical venture capital investments, targeting high-growth potential small firms, even university spin-offs. The study presents the results of a survey made as a counterpart of an academic research team, examining spin-offs, entrepreneurs and technology transfer in the most important Hungarian universities. I found that the most important obstacles of venture capital investments in high-tech spin-offs are the information gap between demand and supply side, the lack of entrepreneurs’ willingness to give up freedom in decision making, despite of low managerial skills. The low quality of financial environment is also an obstacle of the segment.

JEL Codes: G24, M13
Cross border co-operation in rural areas giving the example of Bihar region
Authors: Bujdosó Zoltán , Dávid Lóránt , Uakhitova Gulmira
Published: June 2016

After the political changes in 1990-ies in Hungary and in East-Central Europe the process of forming cross-border regional cooperations reached a new period. The border regions of the different national states join to encourage co-operation. The most remarkably connected system in our region is the Carpathian Euroregion. This paper deals with one of the most successful initiatives started between Hungary and Romania. The most outstanding co-operation of the past few years exists between the settlements of the former Bihar County which territory today belongs to two countries. The aims of the paper are to research the development of the border region; to reveal the factors of the cooperation and to observe the possibilities for the development. To obtain the goals desktop research, cluster analysis and data analysis were used, as statistic methods. The results emphasize that the development and renewal of the cross-border co-operations were supported by historical factors and good practices adapted from Western Europe. Although economic backwardness or the administrative problems are against the cooperation, historical economic connections facilitate the common work in the Hungarian-Romanian border region.
Agricultural development and government expenditures in the new EU countries
Authors: Bielik Peter , Smutka Luboš , Horská Elena , Selby Richard
Published: June 2016

The main ambition of this paper is to analyse agricultural developments in selected new EU member states with particular emphasis on government expenditures in agriculture. The main objective is to identify the relationship between government expenditures development on one side, and agrarian sector performance (the value of production) in selected member states on the other. The conclusions drawn from this analysis are that the agricultural sector has changed its structure and position within the national economy of selected new EU member states significantly in the 20 years since the early 1990s. Member states included in the analysis reduced both the size of their agricultural sector (number of people working in agriculture, total arable areas, number of animals, etc.), and the value of agricultural output. Despite the significant reduction of the agricultural output, member states became more efficient – and in particular their productivity per farmer increased significantly. Selected country’s agricultural sector, its structure and production value development are closely related to government expenditures. Significant correlation is apparent between agricultural government expenditures and the change in the number of economically active persons in agriculture, development of agricultural production, agricultural area, agricultural GDP and agricultural capital stock. Regarding the elasticity of new EU member states’ agricultural sector in relation to changes in government expenditures, significant elasticity is apparent in the case of the number of economically active persons in agriculture, agricultural production (especially livestock production), area of arable land, agricultural GDP and capital stock.
The conditions of security in sustainable rural economics
Authors: Elekes Edit
Published: June 2016

This work aims to map the potentials of safe rural economy. This topic cannot be separated from the processes of globalization and localization, affecting each other, whose positive and negative effects have been focussed on, especially in terms of the protection of security and sustainability or their damaging. In Hungary, sustainable rural economy cannot be achieved only by the rural economy’s systematic stabilization but its present structure and the security system, accompanying the process, also needs to undergo some drastic changes. Sustainable rural economy means a modern economy that aims to keep the rural inhabitants while increases the wealth of the whole society. The legal security of the sustainable local economy is guaranteed by the state in Hungary. The security of the rural areas is provided by the police as an armed force, the auxiliary police, the public place supervision, the local agricultural rangers, the environment wardens, and by the fish- and game-keepers. The Police Act allows cooperation with the further organizations of the society to preserve public order, and to protect property and prevent and detect crimes. The purpose of my thesis is to present security as one of the most important factors to improve the rural areas. I also aim to map the possibilities of improving security (such as cooperation, naming the resources assisting strategic tenders and participation in rural development programs).
Innovation in health tourism – creation of SpaHealthy application
Authors: Könyves Erika
Published: June 2016

This primary research examines the introduction of an innovative health promotion service into the market. Given the assumption that healthcare costs should be part of one’s budget, the survey reveals two trends: 1. Health concerns are more observed by consumers having higher social statuses, this means that they are ready to pay money for health preservative services; 2. Health turns into a precious value when we are running short of it. This assumption is well asserted by the finding of the survey that it is those suffering from chronic diseases that would be ready to pay the highest of all sums to buy the service.
International passanger survey at the Airport Debrecen – Main characteristics of departure visitors from AD
Authors: Palatinus Brigitta
Published: June 2016

The main reason of the research is to make a survey of the habits of foreign visitors arriving in Debrecen by air and their satisfaction. What was experienced in 2013 regarding low foreign proportion is also noticable in 2014. In the examined two months, of the whole passenger traffic between London and Debrecen only 10-15% is tourism by foreign visitors. There was not any information before about consumption of tourists arriving in Debrecen by air. In the course of my research I was examining the main elements of consumptions. From the gathered infromation from the questionaires it can be ascertained that on many occasions service providers failed to accomplish satisfying levels, quality. Underachievement occured and the experience of the visitors was worse than their expectations. This gives reasons for the indicators detailed analysis. The results of the satisfaction test might be an essential basis to further develop the city’s tourist products and services in the future. Personal experience of either visitors satisfaction or dissatisfaction, gets stored as a memory which influences future decisions on travelling. Because of this the city has to make an effort to provide higher standards of quality to people travelling into Debrecen by air from the first moment of arrival till the last moment of departure and leave satisffied.
Profitability and efficiency – an analysis of the financial impact of the Szechenyi Plan in the Hungarian hospitality industry
Authors: Böcskei Elvira
Published: June 2016

Continuous changes in the market and macroeconomic factors have made a significant effect on the tourism sector in Hungary. A heavily growing number of hotels could be observed in the past decade. The main question about the hotels built with high investment costs was their expected time of return. Keeping Hungary’s natural conditions in mind, is it more expedient to build new hotels or refurbish old ones? I was seeking answers for these questions during my work. My research was aiming to explore the impacts of the non-refundable subsidies – financed by the government – provided for new health and wellness hotel projects carried out within the framework of the Széchenyi Plan. On the other hand, my study was expanded to the analysis of balance sheets and profit and loss accounts data of the hotels of Hungary according to their star (quality) rating. The major findings of the research: Considering high developmental costs subsidies play an important role in the hotel industry. It is impossible to carry out such investments using internal sources only. However, exclusive bank loans finance could drive insolvency so it is extremely risky. Non-refundable subsides provided for hotel investments created stable, countable payroll taxes and other forms of incomes for the country. In order to achieve more profitable operation, providing higher quality of services is indispensable. Taking Hungary’s conditions into account this can be reached more likely among four star rated hotels than any other star (quality) ranked establishments.
Desvelando a experiência de mães de crianças com câncer em uma unidade de cuidados paliativos
Authors: Dantas Jesuíno da Costa Márcia Angélica , Agra Glenda , Souza Neto Vinicius Lino de , Silva Bárbara Coeli Oliveira da , Braz Laísi Catharina da Silva Barbalho , Mendonça Ana Elza Oliveira de
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: compreender o cotidiano de mães cuidadoras de crianças com câncer. Metodologia: pesquisa descritiva, com abordagem qualitativa realizada em uma unidade de cuidados paliativos de um Hospital de Ensino, no Nordeste do Brasil, com 20 mães. Para a seleção das participantes adotou-se os seguintes critérios de inclusão: que tivessem maiores de 18 anos; que estivessem acompanhando seu filho na instituição; Os dados foram coletados por meio de uma entrevista semiestruturada e analisados á partir das bases conceituais do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo.  Resultados: Os relatos das mães foram categorizados em três tópicos: “Mudanças no cotidiano familiar”, “Mudanças na vida pessoal” e “Restrição na vida social”. As mudanças na vida profissional, familiar e pessoal, foram: o abandono do emprego, o afastamento do lar e de suas funções domésticas, deixando cônjuge e outros filhos à própria sorte, o desprendimento de seus desejos e necessidades pessoais. Conclusão: a vida de mães de crianças com câncer foi marcada por mudanças importantes na rotina familiar, motivadas pela necessidade de dedicar integralmente aos cuidados do filho
Fatores que infuenciam na indicação da via de parto
Authors: Matão Maria Eliane Liégio , Pinheiro Thainá Meirelles , Marques Suellen Inácia Rodrigues , Miranda Denismar Borges de
Published: June 2016

Objetivo: conhecer os fatores que influência na escolha da via de parto na perspectiva de gestantes, puérperas e médicos obstetras. Métodos: estudo exploratório, descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa. Os sujeitos da pesquisa foram gestantes, puérperas e médicos obstetras vinculados à Hospitais/Maternidades particulares de Goiânia/GO. Utilizou-se entrevista aberta em profundidade e aplicação de questionários para coletar os dados; análise de conteúdo foi aplicada. Resultados: dos 46 participantes, 20 eram gestante, 20 puérperas e seis obstetras. As gestantes apresentavam renda familiar relativamente baixa e preferiram à cesariana. Mais da metade dos obstetras referiu realizar mais cesárea. Todas as puérperas estavam internadas, em pós-parto imediato, a grande maioria submetida ao procedimento cirúrgico e alegaram satisfação com este. Conclusão: influência da família e da sociedade; medos, receios e condição socioeconômica foram os principais fatores que influenciaram a escolha da via de parto neste estudo.
Behaviour study of "Danlas" grapevines grown under plastic cover
Authors: Ezzahouani Aziz
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study is to determine the behaviour of ‘Danlas’ grapevines conducted under plastic cover, near atlantic coast, known for its early table grape production. Measurements included climatic conditions, leaf water potential, canopy temperature and production components. The use of plastic cover resulted in an increase of midday ambient temperature and vapor pressure deficit, with a maximum of 5. 7 °C and 1.28 kPa, respectively. Midday canopy temperature under field conditions were lower than ambient temperature by an average of 2.5 °C. The most negative leaf water potential values were recoded for grapevines under plastic cover relatively to field conditions, ranging from –7.2 to –17.0 bars and from –7.0 to –14.0 bars, respectively. Harvest date was advanced by more than one month after the use of plastic cover. Results showed that crop weight, cluster weight and number per vine were not significantly affected. However, the number of berries per cluster was significantly reduced. Plastic cover promoted fruit quality, berry weight and soluble solids concentration were increased by 2.23 g and 1.0 °Brix, respectively. While titratable acidity was decreased by 1.20 g/l.
Use of mathematical laws for optimizing the dose of swollen and dry bentonite during the fining of white wines. Part II : influence on the volume of lies and economics
Authors: Marchal Richard , Weingartner S. , Jeandet Philippe , Chatelain Franck
Published: June 2016

A Sauvignon white wine was fined with a dry bentonite (BS), e.g directly incorporated in the wine without swelling treatment, or with the same bentonite swelled in water 24 hours before utilization (BG). The volumes of lees generated by the fining were situated between 0,27 and 1,51 % (v/v) for BS, and between 1,07 and 4,59 % (v/v) for BG. The relation between the quantity of bentonite introduced in the wine (g/hl) and the volume of lees (v/v) follows a power law. The volume of lees only increased by 70 % when the dose of swelled bentonite was doubled; for higher doses of bentonite (rarely used), one can observe a packing of the lees. For BS, lees were approximately twice more volumetric when the dose was doubled. We also observe very good relationship between the clarifying efficiency and the volume of lees. When the clarifying efficiency of BG increased by 10 % the volume of lees increased by 74 %. For BS, when the clarifying efficiency increased by 10 % the volume of lees increased by 86 % because of its low efficiency during clarification. The decrease of the natural proteic haze risk and the volume of lees generated by bentonite fining were also closely correlated by an exponential law. For BG, the mathematical law showed that when the volume of lees increased by 0,1 % (v/v), colloidal haze risk decreased only by 22 %. On the contrary, for BS, when the volume of lees increased by 0,1 %, proteic haze risk decreased by 44 %. Finally, the estimation of the cost of fining showed that the use of a non swelled bentonite was economically more interesting than the utilization of a swelled bentonite. This was true when this Sauvignon wine is sold both in bottle or in bulk. For the studied wine, the estimated winning was 115 euros for 10 hl sold in bulk.
Grapevine culture in trenches. 2. Reproductive characteristics and interactions with vegetative growth
Authors: Zapata Christophe , Audran Jean-Claude , Magné Christian
Published: June 2016

In order to assess the consequence of a strong vegetative growth on inflorescence development and berry setting, two grapevine cultivars differing in their rate of fruit set were grown for 3 years in a greenhouse under semi-controlled conditions. Merlot (low % fruit set) and Pinot noir (high % fruit set) vines produced well-developed clusters in year 3 after planting, thus allowing the study of interactions between vegetative growth and reproductive development over the third growing season. Progress in development of both cultivars was simultaneous until pea berry size and biomass production was similar throughout the season. However, biomass production was negatively correlated to flower differentiation (number of flowers/inflorescence) in Merlot whereas not in P. noir. Possible causes of this interaction are discussed.
Potential quality of grapes: basis of a practical estimation model
Authors: Carbonneau Alain
Published: June 2016

The agrometeorological model of potential grape berry sugar content joined to the carbon balance model of the triptych « Exposed Leaf Area – Dry Matter Production or Yield – Vigour », with the consideration of moderate water limitation standards and the general experience of berry maturity, lead to the proposal of a practical model for evaluating the potential grape berry quality useful for training vineyards.
Vine and water: a short review
Authors: Deloire Alain , Carbonneau Alain , Wang Zenphing , Ojeda Hernán
Published: June 2016

Water is an important factor in the terroirs of grape-growing regions. The vine obtains water from rainfall and the water table and when it is in short supply, it is necessary either to irrigate or accept the effects of water stress. Depending on the intensity of the water stress and the period at which it occurs, it may or not be favourable for the harvest and the wine it is used to produce. The objective of this article is to provide some information on the relationship that exists between the vine and water. The climate and the soil, which are essential but not the sole elements of this relationship will only be touched upon, but we will discuss in a non exhaustive way, with information’s from the bibliography or from our research, the following aspects: the root system, vegetative growth, the relationship between plant architecture and the water status of the vine, the carbon balance and the biochemical composition of the grape berry in relation to vine water status. We will also present the currently available techniques for measuring vine water status and its evolution during the vegetative cycle as a function of water reserves in the soil easy to use by the roots. Finally examples are presented of possible recommendations for vine cultural practices as a function of the vine water status evolution during the growth, according to the predawn leaf water potential thresholds.
Interaction «training system x vigour» on Merlot. Comparison between vertical trellis and minimal pruning. First results
Authors: Deloire Alain , Carbonneau Alain , López François , Suarez Sébastien , Pérez Carmen , Domergue Pierre , Samson Alain
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this investigation was to compare classical training systems manually pruned, (Vertical Trellis; Open Lyre, Lys, Geneva Double Curtain, Umbrella Kniffin) with a no pruned training system, the Minimal Pruning, in interaction with two vigour situations (high and moderate) mainly dependant on the soil and plant water content. The study focused particularly on Minimal Pruning.

Minimal Pruning on Merlot has increased the yield in both vigour situations while decreasing the berry size but mainly the total cluster number per vine. The berry composition of the (MP) in the two vigour situations is different, mainly for sugar, anthocyanins and acidity. The (MP) wine composition is also distinguished in relation to the vigour. The (MP) wine from moderate vigour is among the most concentrated such as the open Lyre one, but with a component of acidity; the (MP) wine from high vigour situation is far below all wines in terms of quality.

Moderate vigour means a water limitation between –0,4 and –0,6 Mpa since véraison to harvest maturation according to CARBONNEAU (1998) scale of the predawn leaf water potential. The high vigour (MP) wine is less concentrated than the wines from all the tested training systems.

(MP) in moderate vigour situation has a better cluster microclimate than (MP) in high vigour situation, what could also contribute to favorable berries ripening. In addition, for both, the clusters are less compact what is unfavorable to rots. Minimal Pruning in moderate vigour situations could be an attractive economical option for some range of wines as «vins de pays» or «vins de cépage» by reducing pruning expenses and total costs in general, that if vigour can be regularly controlled at a moderate level.
Soil management in relation to training system in a steep vineyard
Authors: Gay Giuliana , Bovio Marco , Minati José Luis , Morando Albino , Novello Vittorino , Ambrosoli Roberto
Published: June 2016

In the North-West Italy, close spaced and low trunk vines are vertically trellised and Guyot pruned. In these conditions the permanent grass cover may compete with grapevine leaves and clusters for air and light, and with grapevine roots for water and nitrogen. In a « White Muscat » vineyard, grafted onto « 420A », the following soil management techniques were compared: a) permanent grass cover controlled by mowing; b) permanent grass cover controlled by foliar herbicides; c) no tillage using residual + foliar herbicides. The maximum soil cover was found on the grass cutting treatment. A good but reduced cover was obtained by the foliar herbicide used alone, stimulating the vine vigor, and giving more yields with higher total soluble solids concentration. The soil nitrifying microflora was less reduced by glufosinate-ammonium than by glyphosate. The grass cover was minimum using residual herbicides; as a consequence the erosion risk was enhanced, the soil total N and organic matter were reduced, yield and gray mold damages were increased.
The effects of irrigation on the water relations of the grapevine, yield, grape and wine composition of Tempranillo cv in Mediterranean climate
Authors: Nadal Montse , Lampreave Miriam
Published: June 2016

The main goal of this study was to evaluate the behaviour of Tempranillo variety when a drip irrigation was applied to a vineyard in a Mediterranean area. The vineyard was located at the experimental field of the Faculty of Enology (University of Tarragona). The trellis system was a vertical shoot positioning with a bilateral cordon pruned. Plant density was 3 000 plants per ha. The split-plot design was established with 3 repetitions for the irrigated plot and non irrigated one. Each elemental plot had 24 grapevines, 72 plants in total per treatment. The irrigation was defined with water amounts of 35%of ETo in 1998 and 70%of ETo in 1999 (ETo: evapotranspiration of the reference). The ETo were calculated by Penman. Transpiration was measured using a sap flow meter using 3 probes for irrigated and 3 for non irrigated grapevines. Several plant growth parameters: the length of the shoots, leaf area, the yield, the pruning weight and the analyses of the Point Quadrat, were evaluated on 12 plants as replicated. Leaf water potential was measured by Scholander chamber. Microvinifications were carried out in 100L tanks and chemical analyses of the wines were done during two years. Chemical analyses of wine: alcohol degree, total acidity, pH, the level of anthocyanin and tanins, the total phenol content (IPT), and the colour intensity (IC) were determined on the obtained wines.

By statistic analysis, it was confirmed that irrigation produced an increase of plant transpiration, growth and vigour, but not a significant increase of production. The predawn leaf water potential have shown similar values between treatments at véraison (-0.4 to -0.55 MPa in August). There were no difference between treatments on wine analyses (alcohol degree, total acidity, anthocyanin, IPT, and IC), however, significant differences were found through the vintage effect. The spring of 1999 was more rainy comparing to the 1998 and due to the particular mesoclimate, a big increase of yield was registered. It could be a reason for a decrease of wine quality in 1999: less alcohol degree and weak colour in comparison with 1998 wines. After analysing the results obtained during two years, the study revealed the great importance of the year (millésime) in most of the parameters analysed and the important role of the soil as a good reservoir of water.