bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Relationship between the Sydney Classification and the First-Line Treatment Efficacy in Helicobacter-Associated Gastritis
Authors: Şenocak Taşçı Elif , Akbaş Türkay
Published: April 2020

Objective: Helicobacter pyloriis responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases. Due to ease of use and access, the standard triple therapy is being used as first-line eradication in many areas. Intestinal metaplasia (IM) is a precancerous lesion that requires eradication therapy. Our aim is to investigate the effect of IM on the standard triple therapy success in H. pylori-positive patients. Subjects and Methods: The patients who were referred to Düzce University Hospital and Avrasya Hospital Gastroenterohepatology clinic between January 2014 and December 2016 and diagnosed with H. pylori-positive gastritis and underwent first-line eradication were evaluated retrospectively. Biopsy specimens were evaluated according to the updated Sydney system. All patients diagnosed with H. pylori started treatment with pantoprazole 40 mg b.i.d., amoxicillin 1 g b.i.d. and clarithromycin 500 mg b.i.d. for 14 days. Results: The mean age of 181 patients included in the study was 55.5 ± 7.8. The success rate of H. pylori eradication was found to be low in severe chronic inflammation (p = 0.001). The success rate was found to be high among patients with no neutrophil activity (p = 0.009). As the intensity of IM increased, density of H. pylori was found to be decreased (p = 0.019). There was no correlation between glandular atrophy, IM, and H. pylori eradication success rate (p = 0.390 and p = 0.812). Conclusion: The severity of chronic inflammation is the most effective Sydney criteria for success of eradication, while the presence on IM does not have any effect.
Flavonoids Sophoranone Promotes Differentiation of C2C12 and Extraocular Muscle Satellite Cells
Authors: Xia Qing , Ling Xiangtian , Wang Zhonghao , Shen Tao , Chen Minghao , Mao Danyi , Ma Xinqi , Ning Jie , Zhang Han , Chen Dongli , Gu Qiong , Shen Huangxuan , Yan Jianhua
Published: April 2020

Introduction: Paralytic strabismus involves a functional loss of extraocular muscles resulting from muscular or neuronal disorders. Currently, only a limited number of drugs are available for functional repair of extraocular muscles. Here, we investigated the effects of a novel drug, flavonoids sophoranone, on the differentiation of extraocular muscles as assessed in bothin vivo and in vitro models. Materials and Methods: The effect of flavonoids sophoranone on C2C12 cells was examinedin vitro as evaluated with use of apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and cell viability assays. Then, both in vivo and in vitro effects of this drug were examined on the differentiation of C2C12 and satellite cells within extraocular muscles in rabbits. For these latter experiments, RT-PCR and Western blot assays were used to determine expression levels of markers for myogenic differentiation. Results: With use of flavonoids sophoranone concentrations ranging from 0 to 10 μM, no effects were observed upon cell apoptosis, ROS, and cell cycle in C2C12 cells. Based on MTT assay results, flavonoids sophoranone was shown to increase C2C12 cell proliferation. Moreover, flavonoids sophoranone promoted the differentiation of C2C12 and satellite cells within extraocular muscles in rabbits, which were verified as based on cell morphology and expression levels of mRNA and protein markers of myogenic differentiation. Finally, flavonoids sophoranone treatment also increased gene expressions of Myh3, Myog, and MCK. Conclusion: The capacity for flavonoids sophoranone to upgrade the differentiation of both C2C12 and satellite cells within extraocular muscles in rabbits at concentrations producing no adverse effects suggest that this drug may provide a safe and effective means to promote repair of damaged extraocular muscles.
Indiferenciação por diferença
Authors: Silva Lucas Trindade da
Published: April 2020

Buscamos realizar uma leitura do conceito de governamentalidade neoliberal e suas ressonâncias em conceitos como sociedade de controle e novo espírito do capitalismo, como uma modulação específica de crítica ao enunciado da autonomização das esferas sociais. Diferente de uma crítica a esse enunciado que aponta para um processo de indiferenciação por identidade, levado a cabo pelo domínio da racionalidade instrumental, percebemos, a partir do Nascimento da Biopolítica, um diagnóstico do contemporâneo como perpassado por uma dinâmica de indiferenciação por diferença, operado por práticas e discursos que induzem a uma diferenciação crescente dos sujeitos, porém enquadrados sob o modelo do empresário de si e do capital humano.
A longa crise italiana
Authors: Bubbico Davide
Published: April 2020

O artigo apresenta um quadro das principais reformas econômicas e sociais promovidas pelos governos italianos antes e depois da crise de 2008 e as tendências neoliberais que permeiam os governos de centro-direita e centro-esquerda no país. Nesse sentido, analisamos a difícil relação entre a principal central sindical italiana com o principal partido reformista de esquerda, também à luz da crise do modelo neocorporativista de relações industriais. A central ainda mantém um alto nível de adesão que nem sempre corresponde a uma capacidade igual de mobilização. As greves nas grandes empresas mostram redução clara e são constantes nos serviços públicos. A ausência de pesquisas sistemáticas, no entanto, dificulta a avaliação precisa dessa forma de conflito. Por fim, observamos que as ferramentas utilizadas pelo sindicato diferem cada vez mais daquelas do passado em relação à oposição às reformas econômicas e sociais.
Fiscal policy and expectations in Brazil
Authors: Costa Filho Adonias Evaristo da
Published: April 2020

This paper studies the effects of fiscal news on the Brazilian economy, building on the new literature that seeks to identify fiscal policy shocks through information from professional forecasts. I build a term structureof primary balance expectations in Brazil, and estimate fiscal reaction functions for different maturities. Primary balance forecasts are decomposed into an expected and unexpected component, based on predicted and residuals obtained from the reaction functions. Expected and unexpected fiscal news are identified respectively as the first factor of the predicted and residual series from the reaction functions, aiming to capture the news that are likely to persist over the forecast horizon. Although with substantial uncertainty, fiscal tightening news induce a short-lived increase in growth, fall in inflation, decline in the real wage and a depreciation of the real exchange rate.
Avaliação empírica da semelhança de choques e simetria na flutuação econômica na Zona do Euro: uma análise utilizando um modelo FAVAR
Authors: Maria Souza Araújo Jacqueline , Caiado Rocha Lima Elcyon , Fernando de Paula Luiz
Published: April 2020

Este artigo analisa as semelhanças das respostas dos países da Zona do Euro aos choques na política monetária e no câmbio e investiga a simetria das flutuações do nível de atividade por meio da análise da importância relativa da resposta do crescimento do PIB aos choques comum e específico identificados pelo modelo FAVAR utilizado. A importância do choque comum nos diversos países fornece uma medida do grau de integração dos membros da Zona do Euro. Os resultados encontrados apontam para a existência de uma maior integração entre as grandes economias da Zona do Euro e menor integração para as menores economias.
Sleep Characteristics and Measures of Glucose Metabolism in Blacks: The Jackson Heart Study
Authors: Yano Yuichiro , Gao Yan , Johnson Dayna A. , Carnethon Mercedes , Correa Adolfo , Mittleman Murray A. , Sims Mario , Mostofsky Elizabeth , Wilson James G. , Redline Susan
Published: April 2020

Background

Characterizing associations of sleep characteristics with blood‐glucose–level factors among blacks may clarify the underlying mechanisms of impaired glucose metabolism and help identify treatment targets to prevent diabetes mellitus in blacks.

Methods and Results

Cross‐sectional analyses were conducted in 789 blacks who completed home sleep apnea testing and 7‐day wrist actigraphy in 2012–2016. Sleep‐disordered breathing measurements included respiratory event index associated with 4% oxygen desaturation and minimum oxygen saturation. Sleep patterns on actigraphy included fragmented sleep indices. Associations between sleep characteristics (8 exposures) and measures of glucose metabolism (3 outcomes) were determined using multivariable linear regression. Mean (SD) age of the participants was 63 (11) years; 581 (74%) were women; 198 (25%) were diabetes mellitus, and 158 (20%) were taking antihyperglycemic medication. After multivariable adjustment, including antihyperglycemic medication use, the betas (95% CI) for fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c, respectively, for each SD higher level were 0.13 (0.02, 0.24) mmol/L and 1.11 (0.42, 1.79) mmol/mol for respiratory event index associated with 4% oxygen desaturation and 0.16 (0.05, 0.27) mmol/L and 0.77 (0.10, 1.43) mmol/mol for fragmented sleep indices. Among 589 participants without diabetes mellitus, the betas (95% CI) for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance for each SD higher level were 1.09 (1.03, 1.16) for respiratory event index associated with 4% oxygen desaturation, 0.90 (0.85, 0.96) for minimum oxygen saturation, and 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) for fragmented sleep indices.

Conclusions

Sleep‐disordered breathing, overnight hypoxemia, and sleep fragmentation were associated with higher blood glucose levels among blacks.
Six new species of Tetrapyrgos (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Marasmiaceae) from the Brazilian Amazon

Authors: KOMURA DIRCE LEIMI , OLIVEIRA JADSON JOSÉ SOUZA DE , MONCALVO JEAN-MARC , MARGARITESCU SIMONA , ZARTMAN CHARLES EUGENE
Published: April 2020

Tetrapyrgos is characterized by small basidiomata which have a mostly whitish pileus, a well-defined central or eccentric, mostly dark greyish stipe, a non- or very weakly gelatinous pileipellis and pileus tramal tissues; the pileipellis is composed of Rameales-like structures, and the basidiospores are distinctly tetrahedral. Members of this genus are commonly found on dead leaves and woody debris on the floor of tropical and subtropical forests. Recent studies suggest changes in the circumscription of Tetrapyrgos and Campanella Still poorly documented, to date, only about 18 species have been assigned to Tetrapyrgos. Through integrative taxonomy, we describe six new species from the Brazilian Amazon, based on evidence from morphological and ITS data. Tetrapyrgos longicystidiata is formally synonymized in T. atrocyanea.
Discovery of Aconitum haridasanii (Ranunculaceae), a new species from Arunachal Pradesh, India

Authors: TIWARY RAGHUVAR , SINGH HARSH , ADHIKARI DIBYENDU , SINGH PREM PRAKASH , BARIK SAROJ KANTA
Published: April 2020

Aconitum haridasanii, a new species from Tawang, India, is described and illustrated. This new species differs from its allied species Aconitum spicatum in having a taller and flexuous stem, pale yellow to whitish flowers in a shorter few-flowered inflorescence, densely pubescent shorter pedicels, bract shorter than pedicel, shorter sepals, longer petals, and only 3 carpels. Threat assessment was undertaken for the species following IUCN criteria (IUCN 2017 version 13) and the species was classified as Critically Endangered.
Three new species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg (Lepidoptera, Adelidae) from Southeast Asia
Authors: KOZLOV MIKHAIL V.
Published: April 2020

Three new, beautifully patterned species of the genus Nemophora Hoffmannsegg are described from Myanmar (N. alba sp. nov.), Indonesia (N. decoratella sp. nov.) and Borneo (N. bruneiella sp. nov.). Nemophora alba differs from all known Nemophora species by white colour of the body, including head, thorax, abdomen, legs, and larger part of wings. Nemophora bruneiella and N. decoratella share two possible synapomorphies, which distinguish them from other Nemophora species: forewing with four to five compact small dark brown spots along dorsum, and basal field of forewing with silver-white triangular spot adjacent to internal border of fascia. The taxonomic affinities of the described species with the other members of the genus Nemophora remain unknown.
A Geometric Interpretation of Zonostrophic Instability
Authors: Kontogiannis Georgios , Bakas Nikolaos A.
Published: April 2020

The zonostrophic instability that leads to the emergence of zonal jets in barotropic beta-plane turbulence is analyzed through a geometric decomposition of the eddy stress tensor. The stress tensor is visualized by an eddy variance ellipse whose characteristics are related to eddy properties. The tilt of the ellipse principal axis is the tilt of the eddies with respect to the shear, and the eccentricity of the ellipse is related to the eddy anisotropy, and its size is related to the eddy kinetic energy. Changes of these characteristics are directly related to the vorticity fluxes forcing the mean flow. The statistical state dynamics of the turbulent flow closed at second order is employed as it provides an analytic expression for both the zonostrophic instability and the stress tensor. For the linear phase of the instability, the stress tensor is analytically calculated at the stability boundary. For the nonlinear equilibration of the instability the tensor is calculated in the limit of small supercriticality in which the amplitude of the jet velocity follows Ginzburg–Landau dynamics. It is found that, dependent on the characteristics of the forcing, the jet is accelerated either because the jet primarily anisotropizes the eddies so as to produce upgradient fluxes, or because the jet changes the eddy tilt. The instability equilibrates as these changes are partially reversed by the nonlinear jet–eddy dynamics.
Data-Driven, Data-Informed, Data-Augmented: How Ubisoft’s Ghost Recon Wildlands Live Unit Uses Data for Continuous Product Innovation
Authors: Werder Karl , Seidel Stefan , Recker Jan , Berente Nicholas , Gibbs John , Abboud Nouredine , Benzeghadi Yossef
Published: April 2020

To stay ahead of the competition, firms must continuously learn from their customers and swiftly adopt those lessons to improve their products. A unit at Ubisoft, a leading game publisher headquartered in Paris, has established a three-pronged approach to drive product innovation based on three practices: data-driven exploration, data-augmented ideation, and data-informed validation. By establishing processes and capabilities for these practices and blending them in a portfolio approach to product design, they maximize the value generation potential of the data at their disposal. Product development in a variety of industries can benefit from the lessons of these data-oriented innovation practices.
Zinc oxide nanorod as effective reinforcing material for enhancing β phase crystal in poly(vinylidene fluoride) filaments
Authors: Panda Prasanta K , Tambe Sachin R , Thite Amol G
Published: April 2020

The present work is an attempt to demonstrate that incorporation of small amount of zinc oxide nanorods enhances the β crystal percentage, which is essential for improvement in piezo-electric performance of the poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) fiber. The zinc oxide nanorods were synthesized with aspect ratio of 26 and uniformly dispersed in PVDF by melt compounding process. Those compounded polymers were melt spun and subsequently cold drawn to obtain composite filaments. The effect of nanostructure, loading amount, melt draw ratio, cold draw ratio, and drawing temperature was investigated. The incorporation of nanorods resulted in 14% increase in β phase crystal content compared to control PVDF filaments. The β phase crystal content has been analyzed using the wide-angle X ray diffraction and FTIR spectroscopy. This increase in β phase crystal content was 10% more compared to circular zinc oxide nanoparticle reinforced PVDF composite filament. There was no significant change in mechanical properties of the composite filaments compared to the control PVDF filament.
Can Viagra Advertising Make More Babies? Direct-to-Consumer Advertising on Public Health Outcomes
Authors: Kim Tongil “TI” , KC Diwas
Published: April 2020

Although product advertising has been widely studied and understood in relation to the consumer’s purchase decision, advertising may also have unintended but important societal and economic consequences. In this article, the authors examine a public health outcome—birth rate—associated with advertisements for erectile dysfunction (ED) drugs. Since the United States loosened regulations on direct-to-consumer television advertising for prescription drugs in 1997, ED drug makers have consistently been top spenders. By comparing advertising data with multiple birth data sets (patient-level hospital data from Massachusetts between 2001 and 2010 and micro birth certificate data from the United States between 2000 and 2004), the authors demonstrate that increased ED drug television advertising leads to a higher birth rate. Their results, which are robust with respect to different functional forms and falsification tests, show that a 1% increase in ED drug advertising contributes to an increase of .04%–.08% of total births. Their findings suggest that beyond the customer purchase decision, advertising can have important public health outcomes, with resulting implications for managerial decision making and policy formulation.
Lowering the Minimum Donation Amount Increases Consumer Purchase Likelihood of Products Associated with Cause-Related Marketing Campaigns
Authors: Tsiros Michael , Irmak Caglar
Published: April 2020

Both the total amount to be donated and the way it is communicated can influence consumer reactions to cause-related marketing (CM) campaigns. While companies often choose not to explicate any donation limit, this study argues that donation frames (e.g., minimum or maximum total donation) can enhance the likelihood of consumer purchases associated with CM campaigns. In a series of four studies, the authors find that consumers often respond more favorably to minimum-frame CM campaigns with a relatively low donation amount (e.g., at least $100,000 will be donated) than those with a high donation amount (e.g., at least $10 million will be donated) despite the superiority of the latter for the recipient cause. This effect is inverted for maximum donation frames, such that a high donation amount leads to greater consumer participation. This research also demonstrates that this effect is driven by the consumer desire to make a personal contribution to a cause, which is more likely to be observed when consumers endow it with high importance. These effects are obtained with attitudes, behavioral intentions, and actual expenditures.
Brexit and the Everyday Politics of Emotion: Methodological Lessons from History
Authors: Moss Jonathan , Robinson Emily , Watts Jake
Published: April 2020

The 2016 European Union referendum campaign has been depicted as a battle between ‘heads’ and ‘hearts’, reason and emotion. Voters’ propensity to trust their feelings over expert knowledge has sparked debate about the future of democratic politics in what is increasingly believed to be an ‘age of emotion’. In this article, we argue that we can learn from the ways that historians have approached the study of emotions and everyday politics to help us make sense of this present moment. Drawing on William Reddy’s concept of ‘emotional regimes’, we analyse the position of emotion in qualitative, ‘everyday narratives’ about the 2016 European Union referendum. Using new evidence from the Mass Observation Archive, we argue that while reason and emotion are inextricable facets of political decision-making, citizens themselves understand the two processes as distinct and competing.
Lactile libations: Mongolian milk offerings
Authors: Stephens William
Published: April 2020

Milk and milk tea occupy a special place in Mongolian hearts. Historical writings of Roman Catholic missionaries confirm the sacredness of milk and its abundant use for Mongolians. Milk offerings, sprinkled into the air, are offered to Tenger (Sky/ Sky God), Buddha, ancestors or nature spirits, and are an everyday part of traditional Mongolian worship, nearly always in the morning. This ceremony traditionally is performed alone by women, mothers praying in a supplication of blessing and protection for their families. Yet in recent times a few men have been doing this ancient ritual. Are possible Mongolian Christian responses to reject this traditional custom as being syncretistic, or to see it as being a potential form of Christian expression of devotion to God? May there be analogies from milk offerings to better engage in discipleship or worship? If this ancient practice is not addressed, there is the risk, especially for women, of this ritual being driven underground, of split-level living among Christians.
Relationship satisfaction and concordance in attitudes to maternal employment in British couples with young children
Authors: Bird Lauren , Sacker Amanda , McMunn Anne
Published: April 2020

Changes in paid labor in families have occurred within the wider context of societal changes in gendered attitudes to work. However, changes in behavior and attitudes are not necessarily correlated with each other, and their associations with family relationships are complex. This study uses data from over 12,000 two-parent families in the U.K.’s Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative cohort of children born during 2000–2002. The study investigates the potential association between relationship satisfaction and discordance between attitudes to maternal employment and mothers’ actual participation in paid labor, as well as agreement in attitudes within couples. Results show that attitudes in favor of maternal employment and actual maternal employment are generally associated with better relationship satisfaction for both mothers and fathers. In addition, discordance between an individual’s attitudes and behavior in relation to maternal employment, and discordant attitudes within couples, is both associated with significantly lower relationship satisfaction compared with concordant couples.
The Influence of Perioperative Nerve Block on Strength and Functional Return to Sports After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Authors: Kew Michelle E. , Bodkin Stephan G. , Diduch David R. , Smith Marvin K. , Wiggins Anthony , Brockmeier Stephen F. , Werner Brian C. , Gwathmey F. Winston , Miller Mark D. , Hart Joseph M.
Published: April 2020

Background:

Patients often have quadriceps or hamstring weakness after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR), despite postoperative physical therapy regimens; however, little evidence exists connecting nerve blocks and ACLR outcomes.

Purpose:

To compare muscle strength at return to play in patients who received a nerve block with ACLR and determine whether a specific block type affected subjective knee function.

Study Design:

Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Patients were recruited 5 to 7 months after primary, isolated ACLR and completed bilateral isokinetic strength tests of the knee extensor/flexor groups as a single-session return-to-sport test. Subjective outcomes were assessed with the International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score. Strength was expressed as torque normalized to mass (N·m/kg) and limb symmetry index as involved/uninvolved torque. Chart review was used to determine the type of nerve block and graft used. Nerve block types were classified as knee extensor motor (femoral nerve), knee flexor motor (sciatic nerve), or isolated sensory (adductor canal block/saphenous nerve). A 1-way analysis of covariance controlling for graft type was used.

Results:

A total of 169 patients were included. Graft type distribution consisted of 102 (60.4%) ipsilateral bone–patellar tendon–bone (BTB) and 67 (39.6%) ipsilateral hamstring tendon. Nerve block type distribution consisted of 38 (22.5%) femoral, 25 (14.8%) saphenous, 45 (26.6%) femoral and sciatic, and 61 (36.1%) saphenous and sciatic. No significant difference was found in knee extensor strength ( P = .113) or symmetry ( P = .860) between patients with knee extensor motor blocks (1.57 ± 0.45 N·m/kg; 70.1% ± 15.3%) and those without (1.47 ± 0.47 N·m/kg; 69.6% ± 18.8%). A significant difference was found between patients with knee flexor motor blocks (0.83 ± 0.26 N·m/kg) and those without (0.92 ± 0.27 N·m/kg) for normalized knee flexor strength ( P = .21) but not knee flexor symmetry ( P = .592). Controlling for graft type, there were no differences in subjective knee function (IKDC score) between all nerve block groups ( P = .57).

Conclusion:

Our data showed that use of a sciatic nerve block with ACLR in patients with hamstring and BTB grafts influences persistent knee flexor strength deficits at time of return to sports. Although the cause of postoperative muscular weakness is multifactorial, this study adds to the growing body of evidence suggesting that perioperative nerve blocks affect muscle strength and functional rehabilitation after ACLR.
Surface modification of titanium manufactured through selective laser melting inhibited osteoclast differentiation through mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway
Authors: Yang Jiamin , Yu Xiaolin , Zhang Zhengchuan , Xu Ruogu , Wu Fan , Wang Tianlu , Liu Yun , Ouyang Jianglin , Deng Feilong
Published: April 2020

Selective laser melting used in manufacturing custom-made titanium implants becomes more popular. In view of the important role played by osteoclasts in peri-implant bone resorption and osseointegration, we modified selective laser melting-manufactured titanium surfaces using sandblasting/alkali-heating and sandblasting/acid-etching, and investigated their effect on osteoclast differentiation as well as their underlying mechanisms. The properties of the surfaces, including elements, roughness, wettability and topography, were analyzed. We evaluated the proliferation and morphology of primary mouse bone marrow-derived monocytes, as well as induced osteoclasts derived from bone marrow-derived monocytes, on samples. Then, osteoclast differentiation was determined by the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity assay, calcitonin receptors immunofluorescence staining and the expression of osteoclast-related genes. The results showed that sandblasting/alkali-heating established nanonet structure with the lowest water contact angle, and both sandblasting/alkali-heating and sandblasting/acid-etching significantly decreased surface roughness and heterogeneity compared with selective laser melting. Surface modifications of selective laser melting-produced titanium altered bone marrow-derived monocyte morphology and suppressed bone marrow-derived monocyte proliferation and osteoclastogenesis in vitro (sandblasting/alkali-heating>sandblasting/acid-etching>selective laser melting). These surface modifications reduced the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinases compared to native-selective laser melting. Sandblasting/alkali-heating additionally blocked tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 recruitment. The results suggested that sandblasting/alkali-heating and sandblasting/acid-etching modifications on selective laser melting titanium could inhibit osteoclast differentiation through suppressing extracellular signal-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase phosphorylation in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway and provide a promising technique which might reduce peri-implant bone resorption for optimizing native-selective laser melting implants.
Expanding structurational divergence theory by exploring the escalation of incompatible structures to conflict cycles in nursing
Authors: Malterud Andie S. , Nicotera Anne M.
Published: April 2020

Intractable workplace conflicts that impede individual and organizational success are common, yet little is understood about how such cycles are formed. Structurational divergence (SD) theory explains intractable conflict cycles resulting from incompatible meaning structures. SD-nexus is the interpenetration of equally compelling but incompatible structures, creating unresolvable conflicts, thus escalating the SD-nexus to the SD-cycle of intractable conflict: unresolvable conflict, immobilization, and erosion of development that perpetuates the unresolvable conflicts. The presence of both SD-nexus and SD-cycle is diagnosed as SD. SD has been studied in nursing, contributing to negative occupational outcomes (e.g., burnout, bullying, role conflict, low job satisfaction, and high turnover). No research has examined how SD-nexus escalates to SD-cycle. This study presents an exploratory secondary analysis of data from a previous study. Communication-related variables that are significantly correlated with SD were used to determine which may be associated with SD-nexus-to-SD-cycle escalation. Results suggest that nonconfrontational conflict management style and taking conflict personally may escalate SD. Future research examining these variables, along with self-efficacy and other variables gleaned from the literature, is recommended.
Japan’s Modernization and Discrimination: What are Buraku and Burakumin?
Authors: Kobayakawa Akira
Published: April 2020

Burakumin (部落民), the largest minority in Japan, are a (re)construction of the modern period, much like race and ethnicity. Since Japan’s modernization, the Burakumin have been discriminated against in various ways; for example, young Burakumin have been driven to suicide due to discrimination in marriage and employment. The terms Buraku （部落） and Burakumin were established during Japan’s period of modernization. They settled in the Japanese language by the early 1900s. Existing studies, however, locate Buraku discrimination as originating in feudalism, or as reflecting Japan’s fixed system of society. Alternatively, Western researchers have attempted to understand Burakumin in relation to India’s system of outcastes. Both approaches are wanting, since the existence of Burakumin has experienced repeated (re)construction and reconceptualizing. Non-Burakumin have been integrated into existing or formed new Buraku communities; for example, this paper explores the formation of four new Buraku in a city where the Japanese Naval Station required a huge supply of day laborers. I show that agreements to supply Burakumin laborers reflected the mobility of capital and bio-power, as defined by Michel Foucault.
Effect of heat treatment on mechanical and tribological properties of aluminum metal matrix composites
Authors: Sam Manu , Radhika N , Pavan Sai Katru
Published: April 2020

LM25 aluminum alloy reinforced with 10 wt% of TiB2, WC, and ZrO2 were squeeze cast to investigate the effect of T6 heat treatment on tribo-mechanical properties. Among all, WC-reinforced composite achieved superior mechanical properties at the aging time of 8 h. Microstructural examination performed on all composites and alloy concluded that the presence of WC in T6 LM25 caused reduction of α-Al dendrite size, exhibiting superior properties for this composite. X-ray diffraction analysis conducted on alloy and WC-reinforced superior composite revealed formations of phases, which improved their mechanical properties. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis quantified the actual intensity of WC presence in the superior composite along with its other constituents. Response surface methodology model developed for wear test of the superior composite involves parametric range like applied load (10–50 N), sliding velocity (1–4 m/s), and sliding distance (500–2500 m). Analysis of variance along with regression analysis proved that, statistical analytical model developed good relationship between the actual wear rate and process parameters. Response surface plots represented the linearly increasing wear trend with respect to load and sliding distance. Wear rate dropped initially and raised later on along with velocity. Scanning electron microscopy exhibited the surface deformation prevailing on the composite surface at high load.
A springback prediction method for double-curved plate bent with the multi-point forming method
Authors: Yue Tao , Liu Chunguo
Published: April 2020

Stiffened panel as a kind of thin-walled component is widely used in aircraft. A novel stiffened panel manufacturing method has been proposed that the plate is bent into designed shape first with multi-point forming method and then milled into integral panel. However, in the bending process, springback is a great issue. In this paper, an analytical method is proposed to predict the springback of the double-curved bent plate in multi-point forming process. The method takes advantage of the loading force, which is obtained by the stress in the thickness direction, and the arrangement of the punches to calculate the bending moment in the forming process. Through Bezier surface blending method, the profile after springback was constructed. Moreover, the strain and stress variation through thickness during loading and unloading process were also analyzed. And the finite element simulation and bending experiment were conducted to make verification. The results show that the method proposed can effectively predict the springback of the double-curved bent plate in multi-point forming.
Flexible omnibus test in 1:M matched case-crossover study with measurement error in covariate
Authors: Kim Byung-Jun , Kim Inyoung
Published: April 2020

The matched case-crossover study design is used in public health, biomedical, and epidemiological research with clustered binary outcomes. Conditional logistic regression is commonly used for analysis because any effects associated with the matching covariates by stratum can be removed. However, some matching covariates often play an important role as effect modifications, causing incorrect statistical testing. The covariates in such studies are often measured with error, so that not accounting for this error can also lead to incorrect inferences for all covariates in the model. However, the methods available for simultaneously evaluating effect modification by matching covariates as well as assessing and characterizing error-in-covariates are limited. In this paper, we propose a flexible omnibus test for testing (1) the significance of a functional association between the clustered binary outcomes and covariates with the measurement error, (2) the existence of effect modifications by matching covariates, and (3) the significance of an interaction effect between the measurement error covariate and other covariates, without specifying the functional forms for these testings. The proposed omnibus test has the flexibility to allow inferences on various hypothesis settings. The advantages of the proposed flexible omnibus test are demonstrated through simulation studies and 1:4 bidirectional matched data analyses from an epidemiology study.
Abortion law reform in Europe: The 2018 Belgian and Irish Acts on termination of pregnancy
Authors: De Meyer Fien
Published: April 2020

Two European countries, Belgium and Ireland, have recently reformed their abortion laws. Through a comparative approach, this article analyses the 2018 Abortion Acts and pinpoints the common challenges encountered in the drafting process. Under both legal regimes, abortion is lawful up to 12 weeks with no requirement as to reason, and provisions on a mandatory reflection period and conscientious objection only differ in detail. While later abortion is permitted in Ireland and Belgium on similar medical grounds, access to abortion on the foetal abnormality ground remains substantially more limited in Ireland as compared to Belgium. To conclude, this article reflects upon the general direction in which abortion law in Europe is heading, as exemplified by the discussed reforms. As is true for most European countries, ongoing concern regarding the level of criminalisation and barriers to safe and equitable access to abortion may necessitate further reform.
Disruption and re-regulation in work and employment: from organisational to institutional experimentation
Authors: Murray Gregor , Lévesque Christian , Morgan Glenn , Roby Nicolas
Published: April 2020

This article proposes experimentation as a framework for understanding actor agency in the changing regulation of work and employment. This involves contrasting institutional change with organisational and institutional experimentation approaches in order to understand how, in the context of uncertainty, actors in the world of work experiment with new ways of organising and seek to institutionalise them into new understandings, norms and rules. The article describes the fault lines of disruption that are generating a vast range of experiments in the world of work. These fault lines invite resilient responses and the development of collective capabilities at two levels: first, organisational experimentation, where social actors seek to modify or renew their organisations, networks and alliances and reflect on, assess and learn from their experiments; second, institutional experimentation, where these responses are scaled up and institutionalised over time through more general understandings, norms and rules. A key challenge for comparative research and strategising is to find the appropriate institutional conditions that will facilitate and enable organisational experiments, whilst overcoming constraining institutional conditions. This challenge is illustrated through the examples of co-working and the development of new forms of collective representation.
Too Red for Crowdfunding: The Legitimation and Adoption of Crowdfunding Across Political Cultures
Authors: Lewis Alexander C. , Cordero Arkangel M. , Xiong Rachael
Published: April 2020

Institutional change is typically studied at the organizational field level; we leverage political culture to examine how the context in which these fields are embedded influence processes of institutional change within such fields. Specifically, we look at the effect of conservative political culture on legitimation and adoption of crowdfunding in the United States. We find that crowdfunding is less popular and more slowly legitimated in conservative regions. However, we also find that crowdfunding’s legitimacy is more important in these regions and that once a legitimacy threshold is reached, the adoption of crowdfunding in conservative regions surpasses that in liberal regions.
Policy Roles in Promoting Affordable Housing for Survivors of Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Keefe Rachel , Hahn Sur Ah
Published: April 2020

Survivors of intimate partner violence (IPV) face housing insecurity when escaping violence. The Violence Against Women Act (VAWA) and Homeless Emergency Assistance and Rapid Transition to Housing (HEARTH) Act policies were put in place to protect this population. This article uses policy analysis to understand the provisions they provide for survivors. The case of a small city will be presented to understand the local implementation of these policies with regard to survivors’ access to affordable housing in tight housing markets. Finally, recommendations will be presented to strengthen the policies to better meet IPV survivors’ housing needs.
Complete response after ceritinib treatment in non-small cell lung cancer in an elderly patient
Authors: Sengul Samanci Nilay , Celik Emir , Akovalı Burak , Sager Sait , Demirelli Fuat Hulusi
Published: April 2020

Introduction

Ceritinib is a selective second-generation ALK inhibitor that is highly sensitive to echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4-anaplastic lymphoma kinase (EML4-ALK) molecule.

Case report

In this paper, we report a 68-year-old female that was diagnosed with stage 4 ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Management and outcome: She was treated with crizotinib first-line, cisplatin and gemcitabine as second-line. And for third-line, ceritinib was started. She had complete response over 3.5 years under ceritinib treatment. And she is still receiving ceritinib with no adverse event.

Discussion

Cases achieving complete response with ceritinib treatment are rare. In this paper, we aimed to emphasize the complete response in stage 4 NSCLC in an elderly patient.
Trastuzumab cardiotoxicity in HER2-positive breast cancer patients in tertiary health care center, sultanate of Oman
Authors: Alghafar Doaa Abd , Younos Ibrahim , Baimani Khalid Al , Al-Salhi Dawood , Al-Riyami Adil , Rizvi Syed , Buckley Niamh E
Published: April 2020

Trastuzumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), is used to treat breast cancers harboring amplification of the HER2 locus. Cardiotoxicity is a common side effect of trastuzumab that leads to discontinuation of treatment in a significant proportion of cancer patients. In our retrospective study, we evaluate the prevalence and identify the risk factors for cardiotoxicity associated with trastuzumab in HER2-positive breast cancer patients attending to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital between 10/2012 and 10/2017. Using patient records, we collected patients’ characteristics (age, menopausal status, lymph nodal status, distant metastasis at presentation, grade of tumor, comorbidities (diabetes mellitus, hypertension, coronary artery disease diseases)), chemotherapy received and total dose of trastuzumab as well as cardiotoxicity (including timing). Cardiotoxicity was defined based on the ejection fraction dropping by 10% of the original value or a drop in the ejection fraction below the normal value. Among the 146 patients included in the study, 35 showed trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity (24%). Twenty-nine (83%) of those patients stopped trastuzumab temporarily. Risk of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity was not altered by common cardiac risk factors such as history of coronary artery disease, hypertension and diabetes. Previous anthracyclines therapy exposure increased the risk of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity significantly ( p =  0.009). None of the other covariates influenced the incidence of trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity, which may be related to the relatively small sample size. Further studies are warranted to establish ways to predict, prevent, and treat trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity to provide patients with maximal therapeutic benefit.
A Second Pandemic: Mental Health Spillover From the Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19)
Authors: Choi Kristen R. , Heilemann MarySue V. , Fauer Alex , Mead Meredith
Published: April 2020

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has created an unprecedented global health challenge. There is risk that the outbreak will create a “second pandemic” of mental health crises in health systems and communities. Thus, a comprehensive public health response to the pandemic must include (a) attention to the psychological aspects of hospitalization for patients, families, and staff affected by COVID-19; (b) planning for emergency and acute psychiatric patient care if hospitals become overwhelmed with COVID-19 patients; and (c) innovations for providing mental health care in communities while social distancing is required and health system resources are strained. Nurses and nurse leaders must anticipate these mental health challenges, assist with preparedness in health systems and communities, and advocate for a coordinated response to promote mental wellness and resilience.
Primary and revision total hip arthroplasty with uncemented acetabular components in patients with Paget’s disease
Authors: Tibbo Meagan E , Brown Timothy S , Hanssen Arlen D , Lewallen David G , Sim Franklin H , Abdel Matthew P
Published: April 2020

Introduction:

Paget’s disease affects 3–4% of the population; however, literature describing outcomes of total hip arthroplasty (THA) in this population are limited. Given the known concerns with bleeding, heterotopic ossification (HO), and component loosening, we describe our results with primary and revision THAs in Paget’s disease with emphasis on implant survivorship, radiographic results, and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

We identified 25 THAs performed with contemporary uncemented acetabular components in patients with Paget’s disease from 1999 to 2014. Mean age and follow-up were 78 and 7 years.

Results:

In primary THAs, survivorship free from aseptic acetabular and femoral loosening was 100% and 94% at 8 years. 7 patients (41%) received blood transfusions. HO was seen in 9 (53%). Mean Harris Hip Score (HHS) improved from 49 to 76. In revision THAs, survivorship free from acetabular and/or femoral aseptic loosening was 100% at 5 years. 3 patients (38%) received a transfusion. HO was seen in 5 (63%). Mean HHS improved from 52 to 77. There were no radiographic signs of aseptic loosening among unrevised cases in either group.

Discussion:

Our investigation demonstrates that concerns with acetabular fixation in Paget’s disease have been mitigated with contemporary uncemented acetabular components. Complications previously noted, namely intraoperative bleeding and HO, continue to be of concern.
A prospective cohort study of predictors of upper extremity arteriovenous fistula maturation
Authors: Waheed Aiza , Masengu Agnes , Skala Tomas , Li Guiyun , Jastrzebski Jacek , Zalunardo Nadia
Published: April 2020

Background:

A substantial proportion of arteriovenous fistulas fail to function adequately for hemodialysis. Existing studies on arteriovenous fistula failure prediction assess patency rather than the more clinically relevant outcome of arteriovenous fistula function. We hypothesized that preoperative demographic and ultrasound characteristics, and postoperative assessment by an experienced vascular access nurse would predict which arteriovenous fistulas will not function adequately for hemodialysis.

Methods:

Prospective cohort study of chronic kidney disease patients at a tertiary care center in Vancouver, Canada, with arteriovenous fistula creation between 2009 and 2013. Pre and postoperative clinical assessment and ultrasound blood vessel mapping were performed by an experienced vascular access nurse. The primary outcome was failure to achieve a fistula used successfully for hemodialysis (FUSH).

Results:

Outcomes were assessed in 200 patients; 123 (61.5%) arteriovenous fistulas were radiocephalic. Overall, 26.5% of arteriovenous fistulas had FUSH failure (34.1% of lower arm vs 14.3% of upper arm, p = 0.002). Univariate predictors of FUSH failure included older age (p = 0.03), female sex (p = 0.05), smaller arterial diameter (p ⩽ 0.001), lower artery volume flow (p = 0.04), and smaller vein diameter (p = 0.01). In multivariable analysis, artery diameter (odds ratio: 0.44, 95% confidence interval: 0.28–0.68) most significantly predicted FUSH failure. Vascular access nurse assessment 6 weeks postoperatively correctly predicted outcome in 83.8% of FUSH and 65.0% of FUSH failure.

Conclusion:

Smaller artery diameter most strongly predicted FUSH failure. Early postoperative nursing assessment was more useful to predict FUSH than FUSH failure, and as such was insufficient in determining which arteriovenous fistulas should be abandoned as many predicted to fail could be salvaged with further intervention.