bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection of lymph node metastases in patients with prostate cancer: Comparing conventional and digital [18F]‐fluorocholine PET‐CT using histopathology as a reference
Authors: Bjöersdorff Mimmi , Puterman Christopher , Oddstig Jenny , Amidi Jennifer , Zackrisson Sophia , Kjölhede Henrik , Bjartell Anders , Wollmer Per , Trägårdh Elin
Published: July 2022

Background

Positron emission tomography‐computed tomography (PET‐CT) with [18F]‐fluorocholine (FCH) is used to detect and stage metastatic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer. Improvements to hardware and software have recently been made. We compared the capability of detecting regional lymph node metastases using conventional and digital silicon photomultiplier (SiPM)‐based PET‐CT technology for FCH. Extended pelvic lymph node dissection (ePLND) histopathology was used as a reference method.

Methods

The study retrospectively examined 177 patients with intermediate or high‐risk prostate cancer who had undergone staging with FCH PET‐CT before ePLND. Images were obtained with either the conventional Philips Gemini PET‐CT (n = 93) or the digital SiPM‐based GE Discovery MI PET‐CT (n = 84) and compared.

Results

Images that were obtained using the Philips Gemini PET‐CT system showed 19 patients (20%) with suspected lymph node metastases, whereas the GE Discovery MI PET‐CT revealed 36 such patients (43%). The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values were 0.3, 0.84, 0.47, and 0.72 for the Philips Gemini, while they were 0.58, 0.62, 0.31, and 0.83 for the GE Discovery MI, respectively. The areas under the curves in a receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were similar between the two PET‐CT systems (0.57 for Philips Gemini and 0.58 for GE Discovery MI, p = 0.89).

Conclusions

Marked differences in sensitivity and specificity were found for the different PET‐CT systems, although the overall diagnostic performance was similar. These differences are probably due to differences in both hardware and software, including reconstruction algorithms, and should be considered when new technology is introduced.
O Museu: um Templo ou o Fórum
Authors: de Niemeyer Matheus Loureiro Maria Lucia
Published: July 2022

Nota do tradutor:

A tradução do artigo “The Museum, a Temple or the Forum” foi motivada por ser ainda extremamente influente no campo da Museologia no Brasil, após mais de 50 anos de sua publicação.
Node localization and data aggregation scheme using cuckoo search and neural network
Authors: Kaur Simarjeet , Kaur Navdeep , Bhatia Kamaljit Singh , Khan Mohd Abdul Rahim , Gupta Manoj , Sharma Naveen Kumar , Sharma Sunil Kumar
Published: July 2022

Among multi‐hop technology, wireless sensor network (WSN) has been extensively investigated owing to its potential application in vivid fields. However, a key issue probing WSN is node location that is also the major area of interest in the present paper. The paper takes advantage of cuckoo search (CS) as the swarm intelligence technique used to address the issues of identification of malicious or unknown nodes within the network. The distance vector (DV)‐hop is used to determine the distance between the anchor sensor node and the unknown or the node with compromised nature. Then, artificial neural network architecture is used to distinguish the nodes based on the characteristics. This is followed by the evaluation of the proposed scheme to offer reliable data transmission using CS optimized data aggregation scheme. The simulation analysis over 1000 deployed nodes shows that CS significantly decreases the localization error to 0.494 and localization time to 0.058 s along with 15%–20% improvement in the throughput and packet delivery ratio. This shows that the proposed CS optimized architecture is successful in identifying the position of unknown nodes as well as compromised nodes that significantly improved the reliability of the data transmission.
The development of a culturally sensitive educational video: How to facilitate informed decisions on cervical cancer screening among Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women
Authors: Hamdiui Nora , Bouman Martine P. A. , Stein Mart L. , Crutzen Rik , Keskin Damla , Afrian Amina , van Steenbergen Jim E. , van den Muijsenbergh Maria E. T. C. , Timen Aura
Published: July 2022

Background

In the Netherlands, all women aged 30–60 years are invited to participate in the national cervical cancer screening programme, which is aimed at early detection and treatment of precancerous lesions. One fourth of the Dutch population has a migration background, with Turkish and Moroccan immigrants being the largest immigrant populations. Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women show lower screening participation rates and a higher incidence of cervical cancer, compared to native Dutch women. Since current information materials are not tailored to these women's needs, we developed a short culturally sensitive educational video to facilitate informed decision‐making for cervical cancer screening among Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women. This article describes the development process of this video and the lessons learned.

Methods

Using the Entertainment–Education communication strategy, we collaborated with an interdisciplinary team of Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women, researchers, public health experts, and creative media professionals. We developed the video following the different stages of the Media Mapping model: Orientation, Crystallization, Design/Production, Implementation, and Dissemination. Each stage is described in the paper.

Results

The video was developed in Moroccan‐Arabic, ‐Berber and Turkish, and emphasized three main themes: (1) more certainty about having cervical (pre)cancer and the possibility to prevent treatment, surgery, or premature death, and because of this, being there for the children, (2) according to the Islam, a woman should take good care of her health, and (3) anxiety, shame, and privacy.

Conclusions

A short culturally sensitive educational video, delivered as part of a larger intervention together with the current information brochure, was developed based on theory and grounded in the needs of Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women. The value and effectiveness of this intervention to facilitate informed cervical cancer screening decisions are evaluated in a randomised controlled trial.

Patient or Public Contribution

We collaborated with Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women during the development process of a short culturally sensitive educational video. Turkish‐ and Moroccan‐Dutch women were also invited to watch the raw footage to verify whether the content and presentation matched their needs and requirements.
Association between PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and juvenile idiopathic arthritis: A meta‐analysis update with trial sequential analysis
Authors: Lee Young Ho , Song Gwan Gyu
Published: July 2022

Our aim was to determine whether protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor 22 (PTPN22) C1858T polymorphism (rs2476601) is associated with susceptibility to juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). MEDLINE and EMBASE databases were searched to identify articles in which PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism was reported to be identified in JIA patients and controls. A meta‐analysis was conducted to evaluate the association between PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and RA using allelic contrast. Trial sequential analysis (TSA) was performed. Sixteen separate comparisons involving 5696 JIA patients and 9483 controls (a total of 15,179 subjects) were considered in this meta‐analysis. A meta‐analysis was performed with all JIA patients as well as JIA patients in each ethnic group. Meta‐analysis revealed an association between the T allele of PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism and JIA in all subjects (OR, 1.322; 95% CI, 1.233–1.418; p < .001). Analysis after stratification by ethnicity indicated that the T allele was significantly associated with JIA in the European population (OR, 1.312; 95% CI, 1.2211–1.410; p < .001). However, analysis performed in the non‐European population showed no significant association between the T allele and JIA. TSA indicated that the observed association between the PTPN22 polymorphism and JIA in all subjects and the European population is consistent with the existing evidence. This meta‐analysis confirms that PTPN22 C1858T polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to JIA in Europeans, and that no additional studies are needed to verify these results. However, current evidence in the non‐European population is insufficient, and further studies are warranted.
Internationally educated nurses and resilience: A systematic literature review
Authors: Dahl Kari , Nortvedt Line , Schrøder Judith , Bjørnnes Ann Kristin
Published: July 2022

Aim

To synthesize knowledge extracted from the literature about protecting factors and challenges to resilience, among migrant nurses, and specifically how knowledge synthesized through the process of the literature review is relevant to nursing and health policy.

Background

How nurses, in general, face challenges is well documented and is often linked to the concept of resilience; however, there seems to be a lack of systematic knowledge synthesis focusing on the resilience of internationally educated nurses following migration.

Method

The review was guided by the PRISMA guidelines, and a systematic search of peer‐reviewed qualitative and mixed‐method articles reporting empirical research was performed in the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Academic Search Ultimate databases. Methodological rigour was assessed by the Joanna Briggs’ checklist, and a structured theme‐based ecological framework, inspired by Ungar's model of resilience, was chosen.

Results

Following critical appraisal, 37 studies were included that identified both challenges and individual, contextual and structural protective factors in host countries and are linked to resilience.

Discussion

Resilience of internationally educated nurses depends on a combination of individual and contextual protective factors, with the major emphasis being placed on individual protective factors. It is crucial to consider resilience in ensuring that internationally educated nurses’ experience is appreciated, as this is necessary if nurses are to deliver the best possible health service while integrating into their host country.

Implication for nursing and health policy

Authorities, managers in clinical practice and education, trade unions and nurses in general should be aware of the coping strategies, the strengths and supportive factors that can promote resilience and be aware of the challenges that undermine resilience and negatively impact internationally educated nurses’ practice and social interactions.
The efficacy of topical sucralfate in improving pain and wound healing after haemorrhoidectomy procedure: A systematic review, meta‐analysis, and meta‐regression of randomised clinical trials
Authors: Rudiman Reno , Hanafi Ricarhdo Valentino , Evan Cecilia , Halim Freda
Published: July 2022

Pain and wound after haemorrhoidectomy constantly bothered the patient's convenience. Recurrently, topical sucralfate is used to treat excoriations and burns. It is considered to enhance epidermal growth and tissue granulation, thus, alleviating patients' problems. This study evaluated topical sucralfate's feasibility, safety, and superiority after haemorrhoidectomy. We searched randomised controlled trial (RCT) studies in PubMed, Google Scholar, Europe PMC, and ClinicalTrials.gov until March 29th, 2022. We investigated the influence of topical sucralfate on pain score postoperatively (24 hours, 7 days, and 14 days), pethidine usage, diclofenac usage, and wound healing rate compared to placebo. This study was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. This study sorted the final six studies with 439 patients underwent haemorrhoidectomy. Topical sucralfate demonstrated significant outcomes on VAS 24 hours post‐operative [Std. Mean Difference −1.00 (95% CI −1.70, −0.31), P = .005], VAS 7 days post‐operative [Std. Mean Difference −2.29 (95% CI −3.34, −1.25), P < .0001], VAS 14 days post‐operative [Std. Mean Difference −1.88 (95% CI −2.74, −1.01), P < .0001], pethidine usage within 24 hours post‐operative [Std. Mean Difference −0.62 (95% CI −0.96, −0.27), P = .0004], diclofenac usage 7 days post‐operative [Std. Mean Difference −1.76 (95% CI −2.61, −0.92), P < .0001], diclofenac usage 14 days post‐operative [Std. Mean Difference −1.64 (95% CI −2.38, −0.91), P < .0001], and wound healing rate at 28‐day post‐operative [RR 1.45 (95% CI 1.25–1.68), P < .00001]. Topical sucralfate alleviated pain, improved wound healing, and minimised the usage of pethidine and diclofenac compared to placebo.
Kallistatin prevents ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome by regulating vascular leakage
Authors: Huang Jianfang , Mao Yuling , Li Quanxin , Hong Honghai , Tang Ni , Kang Xiangjin , Huang Yuling , Liu Jianqiao , Gong Qing , Yao Yachao , Li Lei
Published: July 2022

Angiogenesis and increased permeability are essential pathological basis for the development of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). Kallistatin (KS) is an endogenous anti‐inflammatory and anti‐angiogenic factor that participates in a variety of diseases, but its role in OHSS remains unknown. In this study, treating a human ovarian granulosa‐like tumour cell line KGN and human primary granulosa cells (PGCs) with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) reduced the expression of KS, but increased the expression of VEGF. Furthermore, we found that KS could attenuate the protein level of VEGF in both KGN cells and human PGCs. More interestingly, we observed that exogenous supplementation of KS significantly inhibited a series of signs of OHSS in mice, including weight gain, ovarian enlargement, increased vascular permeability and up‐regulation of VEGF expression. In addition, KS was proved to be safe on mice ovulation, progression of normal pregnancy and fetus development. Collectively, these findings demonstrated that KS treatment prevented OHSS, at least partially, through down‐regulating VEGF expression. For the first time, these results highlight the potential preventive value of KS in OHSS.
Modeling mass transfer during osmodehydration of apple cubes with sucrose or apple juice concentrate solutions: Equilibrium estimation, diffusion model, and state observer‐based approach
Authors: González‐Pérez Julio Emmanuel , Romo‐Hernández Aarón , Ramírez‐Corona Nelly , López‐Malo Aurelio
Published: July 2022

This article investigates the modeling aspects of mass transfer during osmodehydration of apple cubes. The obtained experimental data were fitted to three mathematical models: Azuara's equilibrium mass‐transfer model (AM), Fick's second law (FSL), and a Luenberger observer (LO). Two scenarios were considered for the mathematical modeling of mass transfer between the osmotic solution and the apple cubes. First, constant apple volume during the osmodehydration process was assumed. Then we included volume shrinkage in the dehydrated product as part of the model. The effect of the osmotic agent in the apple dehydration was also addressed by considering two different osmotic solutions, apple juice concentrate, and sucrose solutions, with different concentrations (40, 50, and 60 °Brix). The equilibrium parameters estimated with the AM model were similar to the parameters determined experimentally (p > .05). The LO model accurately describes the solute mass transfer dynamics during the osmodehydration process (R2 > .950). The overall findings indicate that considering the volume shrinkage as part of the model strongly influences the parameter estimation. When considering volume shrinkage in the FSL model, the estimated diffusivity parameters ranged from 1.26 to 5.05 × 10−10 m2/s for water and 0.68–19.35 × 10−10 m2/s for solutes, respectively. Not considering product shrinkage in the diffusivity model leads to overestimating both water diffusivity (29.9–76.8%) and solute diffusivity (25.3–52.8%).

Practical Applications

Osmotic dehydration (OD) refers to a mass transfer process where solutes are transported from a hypertonic solution to a food material, while water moves from the food material towards the solution. OD improves the appearance and taste of dehydrated foods, helps inhibit the growth of dangerous microorganisms, and decreases enzymatic browning in some foods. Sucrose solutions are frequently used as osmotic solutions for food treatment in OD. An alternative to sucrose is to treat food with fruit juice concentrates. Fruit juice concentrates have low water activity and can provide bioactive compounds that enrich the dehydrated product. Understanding the effect of different factors on mass transfer during osmotic dehydration is thus critical for the efficient design, optimization, scaling‐up, and operation of OD food treatment processes. Furthermore, the proper selection of osmodehydration conditions allows us to obtain high‐quality food products with specific composition, textural/sensory properties, and microbiological characteristics. Therefore, osmotic dehydration is a food processing alternative that allows us to obtain high‐quality food products with good nutritional attributes.
Quo vadisMFA? Integrated material flow analysis to support material efficiency
Authors: Baars Joris , Rajaeifar Mohammad Ali , Heidrich Oliver
Published: July 2022

Material efficiency (ME) strategies are pursued by governments and companies to reduce environmental emissions, improve supply chain resilience, and enhance cost competitiveness. Material flow analysis (MFA) methods are useful to quantify raw material stocks and flows and assess the potential impacts of ME strategies. Although the popularity of MFA methods is increasing, there are methodological limitations that hinder its use as a decision support tool for prospective assessments. To overcome some of these, MFA is increasingly integrated with other methods from different research fields. This paper categorizes integrated MFA methods by identifying and explaining the methods and their applications. A semi‐structured literature review screened a wide range of methods integrated with MFA prospective analysis and evaluated their applications from 158 studies. This showed that integrated MFA can be used to: (1) include economic, social, and environmental layers; (2) improve the technical foundation of MFA by including entropy and exergy analyses and process engineering methods; (3) include economic mechanisms and link the economic system to the material system; and (4) improve the representation of materials in existing methods and models. Our research demonstrates that integrated MFA should be a central method in planning and designing ME strategies for companies and governments. This paper provides an important knowledge base of integrated MFA methods and creates a discussion point on MFA, where the research field is currently at or indeed where it could be heading in the future, that is, “Quo Vadis” MFA.
Influence of COVID‐19 mRNA vaccination on the efficacy and safety of Botulinum toxin type A injections
Authors: Hamed Azzam Shirin , mukari Abed , Hamed Mira , Kridin Khalaf
Published: July 2022

Background

Concerns have been raised recently regarding the efficacy and safety of Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injections following COVID‐19 vaccination.

Aims

To assess the influence of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine on the safety and efficacy of BTA injections performed for aesthetic indications.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study followed patients undergoing periodic BTA treatments who completed two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The latency between BTA injections before and after getting vaccinated was assessed for all study participants. Efficacy and longevity of BTA was reflected and evaluated by the latency between BTA injections. Patients were longitudinally monitored for the development of adverse events.

Results

Forty‐five patients were eligible for inclusion in the current study. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age of patients was 48.3 (8.9) years and 40 (88.9%) patients were females. The mean (SD) number of pre‐ and post‐COVID‐19 vaccination BTA injections was 5.1 (2.6) and 3.1 (0.4), respectively. The average (SD) interval between BTA injections after COVID‐19 vaccination (96.0 [12.3] days) was significantly shorter than before it (118.6 [22.7]; p < 0.001). No severe BTA‐associated adverse events were registered after the administration of BNT162b2 vaccine.

Conclusions

Our findings indicate that BTA might be less effective after COVID‐19 vaccination. Further research is required to delineate the pathomechanism underlying this observation.
A new dexpanthenol‐containing liquid cleanser for atopic‐prone skin: Results from two prospective clinical studies evaluating cutaneous tolerability, moisturization potential, and effects on barrier function
Authors: Peltier Erwan , Trapp Sonja , de Salvo Raffaella , Sun Connie , Brandt Marianne , Laing Sabrina , Hennighausen Natascha , Barrionuevo‐Gonzalez Ana
Published: July 2022

Background

Gentle cleansing of the skin without further compromising its barrier function and moisture content and being simultaneously devoid of adverse effects on the skin microbiome are important features of body cleansers for atopic‐prone skin sufferers. For this population, a new dexpanthenol‐containing liquid cleanser (DCLC) was developed.

Methods

Two prospective 4‐week studies have been conducted. Study 1 investigated the effect of once‐daily DCLC on stratum corneum (SC) hydration, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), skin pH, and skin microbiome (all on the volar forearm) in adult subjects with dry skin (N = 44). Study 2 explored the cutaneous tolerability of DCLC and its effect on the microbiome biodiversity of the volar forearm skin in infants/children with atopic‐prone skin (N = 33, aged 6 months to 6 years). In the latter study, DCLC was applied 2–3 days/week in combination with an emollient applied at least twice daily.

Results

In Study 1, on Day 29, the mean change in skin surface capacitance from baseline was significantly greater in the forearm test area treated with DCLC than in the contralateral test area (control) treated with water only (5.16 vs. 3.65 a.u.; p = 0.011), suggesting long‐term SC hydration. DCLC use was not associated with changes in TEWL, skin pH, or microbiome biodiversity if compared to control. In Study 2, the 4‐week use of DCLC in combination with an emollient was well tolerated according to pediatrician skin assessment, and no flare‐ups were recorded. The microbiome biodiversity did not shift during the study.

Conclusion

These findings support the use of DCLC in subjects with atopic‐prone skin.
Constitutive expression of JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 induces molecular changes that prime the plants to better withstand drought
Authors: Mahmud Sakil , Ullah Chhana , Kortz Annika , Bhattacharyya Sabarna , Yu Peng , Gershenzon Jonathan , Vothknecht Ute C.
Published: July 2022

In this study, we investigated Arabidopsis thaliana plants with altered levels of the enzyme JASMONATE RESISTANT 1 (JAR1), which converts jasmonic acid (JA) to jasmonoyl‐l‐isoleucine (JA‐Ile). Analysis of a newly generated overexpression line (35S::JAR1) revealed that constitutively increased JA‐Ile production in 35S::JAR1 alters plant development, resulting in stunted growth and delayed flowering. Under drought‐stress conditions, 35S::JAR1 plants showed reduced wilting and recovered better from desiccation than the wild type. By contrast, jar1‐11 plants with a strong reduction in JA‐Ile content were hypersensitive to drought. RNA‐sequencing analysis and hormonal profiling of plants under normal and drought conditions provided insights into the molecular reprogramming caused by the alteration in JA‐Ile content. Especially 35S::JAR1 plants displayed changes in expression of developmental genes related to growth and flowering. Further transcriptional differences pertained to drought‐related adaptive systems, including stomatal density and aperture, but also reactive oxygen species production and detoxification. Analysis of wild type and jar1‐11 plants carrying the roGFP‐Orp1 sensor support a role of JA‐Ile in the alleviation of methyl viologen‐induced H2O2 production. Our data substantiate a role of JA‐Ile in abiotic stress response and suggest that JAR1‐mediated increase in JA‐Ile content primes Arabidopsis towards improved drought stress tolerance.
The effects of nusinersen treatment on respiratory status of children with spinal muscular atrophy
Authors: Hepkaya Evrim , Kılınç Sakallı Ayşe Ayzıt , Ülkersoy İpek , Başkan Azer Kılıç , Arslan Hüseyin , Meral Özge , Dilek Tuğçe Damla , Güler Serhat , Saltık Sema , Çokuğraş Haluk
Published: July 2022

Background

Respiratory involvement is the main factor predicting the prognosis of spinal muscular atrophy (SMA). Significant responses in motor functions have been demonstrated with nusinersen, but pulmonary outcomes are still varied. We aimed to explore the effects of nusinersen on the respiratory functions of patients with SMA.

Methods

Patients with SMA who were receiving regular nusinersen treatment in our tertiary care hospital were enrolled in this study. We evaluated the patients in terms of the necessity to ventilatory or nutritional support, presence of motor involvement and other comorbidities related with prognosis at three consecutive assessments.

Results

The study group consisted of 43 patients (18 type 1, 12 type 2, and 13 type 3) with SMA with a mean age of 27.8 months at diagnosis and 60.8 months at the beginning of nusinersen treatment. The respiratory function improvements were noted in six patients at third assessment. Early initiation of nusinersen was significantly correlated with reduced hospital admissions (P = 0.026). Nutritional support and weight gain were remarkable in the ventilatory‐supported group. Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Infant Test of Neuromuscular Disorders scores were significantly higher in the non‐tracheostomized group in patients with SMA type 1 (P < 0.005).

Conclusions

We posit that nusinersen may change the natural prognosis of SMA and improve care of children with SMA. Following up children with SMA for longer periods under nusinersen may be beneficial for understanding the effects of treatment. Results of our study need to be supported by future long‐term studies to reach a consensus on nusinersen, considering the overall genetic and environmental status as well as the cost‐effectiveness of the treatment.
African Philosophy of Religion: Concepts of God, Ancestors, and the Problem of Evil
Authors: Cordeiro‐Rodrigues Luís , Agada Ada
Published: July 2022

There has recently been an increased interest in debates on the nature of God, supernatural entities, and the problem of evil outside the Western tradition and there is a growing realisation that philosophical scholarship should go beyond Western perspectives in order to properly address issues in the philosophy of religion that arise in non‐Western cultures. Taking this on board, this article surveys the field of African philosophy of religion and highlights some of the concerns and issues driving debates in the field. In particular, we focus on three important debates. Firstly, we outline the two main schools of thought that divide African philosophers into theistic and non‐theistic camps. We label the theistic perspective the 'African theistic view' and the non‐theistic perpective the 'limited God view'. Secondly, we explore how commitment to the two views has led to distinct explanations of the problem of evil. Thirdly, we highlight the role of ancestors in African belief‐systems and their place in the scheme of things. Adopting the method of philosophical exposition and argument, we show how the two dominant views of God's nature define this emerging field of African philosophy and will determine the future trajectory of the field.
Effects of emotion and semantic relatedness on recognition memory: Behavioral and electrophysiological evidence
Authors: Han Meng , Li Bingcan , Guo Chunyan , Tibon Roni
Published: July 2022

Some aspects of our memory are enhanced by emotion, whereas others can be unaffected or even hindered. Previous studies reported impaired associative memory of emotional content, an effect termed associative “emotional interference”. The current study used EEG and an associative recognition paradigm to investigate the cognitive and neural mechanisms associated with this effect. In two experiments, participants studied negative and neutral stimulus‐pairs that were either semantically related or unrelated. In Experiment 1 emotions were relevant to the encoding task (valence judgment) whereas in Experiment 2 emotions were irrelevant (familiarity judgment). In a subsequent associative recognition test, EEG was recorded while participants discriminated between intact, rearranged, and new pairs. An associative emotional interference effect was observed in both experiments, but was attenuated for semantically related pairs in Experiment 1, where valence was relevant to the task. Moreover, a modulation of an early associative memory ERP component (300–550 ms) occurred for negative pairs when valence was task‐relevant (Experiment 1), but for semantically related pairs when valence was irrelevant (Experiment 2). A later ERP component (550–800 ms) showed a more general pattern, and was observed in all experimental conditions. These results suggest that both valence and semantic relations can act as an organizing principle that promotes associative binding. Their ability to contribute to successful retrieval depends on specific task demands.
Evaluación bayesiana de la incertidumbre en mediciones indirectas comparada con GUM y Monte Carlo
Authors: Molina-Muñoz Juan Daniel , Giraldo-Jaramillo Luis Fernando , Delgado-Trejos Edilson
Published: July 2022

Objetivo: Proponer un procedimiento metodológico que sirva de guía para aplicar técnicas en la evaluación de la incertidumbre de medida, como son: GUM, MMC y Bayes; además, de desarrollar una aplicación en un caso de estudio no trivial. Materiales y métodos: En el presente artículo, se proponen un conjunto de pasos que permiten validar la evaluación de incertidumbre de medida a partir de técnicas como GUM, MMC y Bayes; estas se aplicaron como estrategia para evaluar la incertidumbre de un proceso de medición indirecta, donde el experimento de pruebas consistió en determinar el nivel de un fluido a través de la medición de presión hidrostática que genera el fluido en estado estacionario sobre la base de un contenedor. Se compararon los resultados obtenidos con cada técnica. Resultados y discusión: se encontró que el uso de la GUM es válido en el fenómeno caso de estudio, sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos aplicando el enfoque Bayesiano y el MMC ofrecieron información complementaria de mucha utilidad, como es la función de densidad de probabilidad (FDP) del mensurando, que permitió una mejor descripción del fenómeno. Asimismo, las FDP a posteriori obtenidas con Bayes permitieron aproximar a valores más cercanos en torno de los verdaderos valores del mensurando, y los intervalos de los posibles valores fueron más amplios que los que ofrecieron el MMC y la GUM. Conclusiones: En el contexto del caso de estudio se tiene que el enfoque bayesiano presenta resultados más realistas que GUM y MMC; además de la ventaja conceptual que presenta Bayes, de la posibilidad de actualizar los resultados de la evaluación de incertidumbre ante la presencia de nueva evidencia.
Treatment of Acid Drainage from Coal Mines Produced in the Boyacá Region, Colombia, using an Anaerobic Wetland with an Upward Flow
Authors: Blanco-Zuñiga Cesar René , Chacón-Rojas Zully Ximena , Villarraga-Castillo Juan Sebastian , Guevara-Suarez Heidy Elizabeth , Casteblanco-Castro Yesica Nataly , Rojas-Arias Nicolás
Published: July 2022

Coal mining represents one of the primary economic incomes in the department of Boyacá, Colombia. However, the acid mine drainage (AMD) generated has a tremendous environmental impact in the area due to the presence of sulfate ions (SO4-2), heavy metals, and low pH This article studies the behavior in the content of Fe and sulfates in AMD samples when treated within an artificial anaerobic vertical flow wetland, analyzing the concentration of these elementsand the content of dissolved oxygen (DO) and pH at different time intervals. The treatment of a MAD from the department of Boyacá was carried out using a bioreactor prototype with an organic substrate to provide the necessary conditions for the development of sulfate-reducing bacteria. Measurements were made with hydraulic retention times between 24 to 120 hours, monitoring the changes in the content of total Fe, SO4-2, pH, and DO. The data obtained show a reduction for total Fe of 88.3%, established at 5.61g∙m-2∙day-1, and for SO4-2 of 34.3% with 9.35g∙m-2∙day-1; reaching a maximum removal degree of 52.32% at 120h for sulfates and 92% for Fe, where the maximum removal peak is achieved, reducing the Fe removal rate for longer times. The reduction in the concentration of Fe is related to the reduction of DO and regulation of the pH, in addition to favoring the reduction of sulfate ions through the formation of the mineralogical phases pyrite and siderite. These data show that the anoxic conditions of the organic environment are maintained, for which a subsequent aeration stage is suggested.
Toward Holistic Design of Spatial Packaging of Interconnected Systems With Physical Interactions (SPI2)
Authors: Peddada Satya R. T. , Zeidner Lawrence E. , Ilies Horea T. , James Kai A. , Allison James T.
Published: July 2022

Three-dimensional spatial packaging of interconnected systems with physical interactions (SPI2) design plays a vital role in the functionality, operation, energy usage, and life cycle of practically all engineered systems, from chips to ships. SPI2 design problems are highly nonlinear, involving tightly constrained component placement, governed by coupled physical phenomena (thermal, hydraulic, electromagnetic, etc.), and involve energy and material transfer through intricate geometric interconnects. While many aspects of engineering system design have advanced rapidly in the last few decades through breakthroughs in computational support, SPI2 design has largely resisted automation and in practice requires at least some human-executed design steps. SPI2 system reasoning and design decisions can quickly exceed human cognitive abilities at even moderate complexity levels, thwarting efforts to accelerate design cycles and tackle increasingly complex systems. Existing design methods treat pieces of the SPI2 problem separately without a fundamental systems approach, are sometimes inefficient to evaluate various possible designs, and present barriers to effective adoption in practice. This article explores a vision of a holistic SPI2 design approach needed to develop next-generation automated design methods capable of rapidly producing viable SPI2 design candidates. We review several technical domains related to holistic SPI2 design, discuss existing knowledge gaps and practical challenges, examine exciting opportunities at the intersection of multiple domains that can enable comprehensive exploration of SPI2 design spaces, and present one viable two-stage SPI2 design automation framework. Holistic SPI2 design opens up a new direction of high industrial and societal relevance for the design research community.
A Shock Loss Reduction Method Using a Concave Suction Side Profile for a Zero Inlet Swirl Turbine Rotor
Authors: Zhou Qinghui , Zhao Wei , Sui Xiuming , Zhao Qingjun , Xu Jianzhong
Published: July 2022

A zero inlet swirl turbine rotor (ZISTR) works with axial inlet gas flow directly exhausted from a combustion chamber without any upstream vanes. The suction side trailing edge shock of the ZISTR generates a significant amount of aerodynamic loss. A shock loss reduction method is presented for the ZISTR. The principle of the method is to replace the single shock by double shocks. For minimizing the shock loss, the strength of the double shocks is set to be equal. This is based on a design criterion that multiple shocks should be with equal strength to achieve the minimum shock loss. This design criterion has been widely used for supersonic inlet design, but it is first extended to the transonic turbine design in the present article. A shock model, using aerodynamic relations of oblique shock, is put forward to quantitatively determine the shape of the concave suction-side profile. Numerical simulations indicate that the concave suction-side profile induces a new shock upstream of the suction-side trailing edge shock, and these two shocks are with nearly equal strength in the improved ZISTR. The shock loss of the improved ZISTR is obviously reduced. The concave tip profile would redistribute the blade load on the tip and increase the tip leakage flow loss. Hence, it is suggested that the concave profiles should be designed between 0% and 80% blade span, and the tip profile should keep unchanged. The improved ZISTR with an unchanged tip profile achieves an improvement of turbine efficiency by 0.8% at the design condition.
Reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels for the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System
Authors: Clavier Odile H. , Norris James A. , Hinckley David W. , Martin William Hal , Lee Shi Yuan , Soli Sigfrid D. , Brungart Douglas S. , Schurman Jaclyn R. , Larsen Erik , Mehraei Golbarg , Quigley Tera M.
Published: July 2022

This paper presents reference equivalent threshold sound pressure levels (RETSPLs) for the Wireless Automated Hearing Test System (WAHTS), a recently commercialized device developed for use as a boothless audiometer. Two initial studies were conducted following the ISO 389-9 standard [ISO 389-9 (2009). “Acoustics—Reference zero for the calibration of audiometric equipment. Part 9: Preferred test conditions for the determinations of reference hearing threshold levels” (International Organization for Standardization, Geneva)]. Although the standard recruitment criteria are intended to yield otologically normal test subjects, the recruited populations appeared to have slightly elevated thresholds [5–10 dB hearing level (HL)]. Comparison of WAHTS thresholds to other clinical audiometric equipment revealed bias errors that were consistent with the elevated thresholds of the RETSPL populations. As the objective of RETSPLs is to ensure consistent thresholds regardless of the equipment, this paper presents the RETSPLs initially obtained following ISO 389-9:2009 and suggested correction to account for the elevated HLs of the originally recruited populations. Two additional independent studies demonstrate the validity of these corrected thresholds.
Tracking of Walking and Running for Exercise: Alignment Between Ecological Momentary Assessment and Accelerometer-Based Estimates
Authors: Strohacker Kelley , Toth Lindsay P. , Sheridan Lucas F. , Crouter Scott E.
Published: July 2022

Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) and accelerometer-based devices can be used concurrently to better understand dimensions of physical activity. This study presents procedures for analyzing data derived from both methods to examine exercise-related walking and running, as well as determine evidence for alignment between these methods. The participants (N = 29) wore an ActiGraph GT3X+ and completed four EMA surveys/day across 2 weeks to report exercise (mode and duration). GT3X+ counts per 10 s were processed using the Crouter two-regression model to identify periods of walking/running (coefficient of variation in activity counts ≤10% and >0%). Two reviewers visually inspected Crouter two-regression model data and recorded durations of walking/running in time blocks corresponding to EMA reports of exercise. The data were classified as “aligned” if the duration of walking/running between methods were within 20% of one another. Frequency analyses determined the proportion of aligned versus nonaligned exercise durations. Reviewer reliability was examined by calculating interobserver agreement (classification of aligned vs. nonaligned) and intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; duration based on coefficient of variation). Of the 139 self-reported bouts of walking and running exercise, 25% were classified as aligned with the Crouter two-regression model coefficient of variation. Initial interobserver agreement was 91, and ICCs across data classified as aligned (ICC = .992) and nonaligned (ICC = .960) were excellent. These novel procedures offer a means of isolating exercise-related physical activity for further analysis. Due to the inability to align evidence in most cases, we discuss key considerations for optimizing EMA survey questions, choice in accelerometer-based device, and future directions for visual analysis procedures.
Sociology of Sport in Argentina: A Review of Publications in Local Journals (1995–2020)
Authors: Moraes Letícia Cristina Lima , Marchi Júnior Wanderley
Published: July 2022

This article aims to outline the characteristics of the publications on the sociology of sport found in three Argentinian journals, observing the education of the authors involved, the disciplines and subjects most investigated, and the bibliographic references most used by Argentinian authors. Based on the content analysis of this empirical evidence, we could see that the Argentinian production is more linked to sociology researchers. In addition, studies are predominantly about soccer, notions of identity, and mostly used local bibliographic references. That is, they are Argentinian or Latin American references. Finally, this study is itself a contribution to a greater understanding and analysis of sociology of sport in Argentina and Latin America.
Cloning and base editing of GFP transgenic rhesus monkey and off-target analysis
Authors: Kang Yu , Dai Shaoxing , Zeng Yuqiang , Wang Fang , Yang Pengpeng , Yang Zhaohui , Pu Youwei , Li Zifan , Chen Xinglong , Tian Baohong , Si Wei , Ji Weizhi , Niu Yuyu
Published: July 2022

We report the cloning of a 12-year-old transgenic green fluorescent protein (GFP) monkey by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) and base editing of the embryos, accompanied with safety evaluation of adenine base editors (ABEs). We first show the ability of ABEmax to silence GFP through A-to-G editing of the GFP sequence in 293T cells. Subsequently, using donor cells from a monkey expressing GFP, we have successfully generated 207 ABEmax-edited (SCNT-ABE) and 87 wild-type (SCNT) embryos for embryo transfer, genotyping, and genome and transcriptome analysis. SCNT-ABE and SCNT embryos are compared for off-target analysis without the interference of genetic variants using a new method named as OA-SCNT. ABEmax does not induce obvious off-target DNA mutations but induces widespread off-target RNA mutations, 35% of which are exonic, in edited monkey embryos. These results provide important references for clinical application of ABE.
Uncovering temporospatial sensitive TBI targeting strategies via in vivo phage display
Authors: Martinez Briana I. , Mousa Gergey Alzaem , Fleck Kiera , MacCulloch Tara , Diehnelt Chris W. , Stephanopoulos Nicholas , Stabenfeldt Sarah E.
Published: July 2022

The heterogeneous pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a barrier to advancing diagnostics and therapeutics, including targeted drug delivery. We used a unique discovery pipeline to identify novel targeting motifs that recognize specific temporal phases of TBI pathology. This pipeline combined in vivo biopanning with domain antibody (dAb) phage display, next-generation sequencing analysis, and peptide synthesis. We identified targeting motifs based on the complementarity-determining region 3 structure of dAbs for acute (1 day post-injury) and subacute (7 days post-injury) post-injury time points in a preclinical TBI model (controlled cortical impact). Bioreactivity and temporal sensitivity of the targeting motifs were validated via immunohistochemistry. Immunoprecipitation–mass spectrometry indicated that the acute TBI targeting motif recognized targets associated with metabolic and mitochondrial dysfunction, whereas the subacute TBI motif was largely associated with neurodegenerative processes. This pipeline successfully discovered temporally specific TBI targeting motif/epitope pairs that will serve as the foundation for the next-generation targeted TBI therapeutics and diagnostics.
Cocaine preference and neuroadaptations are maintained by astrocytic NMDA receptors in the nucleus accumbens
Authors: Shelkar Gajanan P. , Gandhi Pauravi J. , Liu Jinxu , Dravid Shashank M.
Published: July 2022

Cocaine-associated memories induce cravings and interfere with the ability of users to cease cocaine use. Reducing the strength of cue-drug memories by facilitating extinction may have therapeutic value for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Here, we demonstrate the expression of GluN1/2A/2C NMDA receptor currents in astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens core. Selective ablation of GluN1 subunit from astrocytes in the nucleus accumbens enhanced extinction of cocaine preference memory but did not affect cocaine conditioning or reinstatement. Repeated cocaine exposure up-regulated GluN2C subunit expression and increased astrocytic NMDA receptor currents. Furthermore, intra-accumbal inhibition of GluN2C/2D-containing receptors and GluN2C subunit deletion facilitated extinction of cocaine memory. Cocaine-induced neuroadaptations including dendritic spine maturation and AMPA receptor recruitment were absent in GluN2C knockout mice. Impaired retention of cocaine preference memory in GluN2C knockout mice was restored by exogenous administration of recombinant glypican 4. Together, these results identify a previously unknown astrocytic GluN2C-containing NMDA receptor mechanism underlying maintenance of cocaine preference memory.
Preliminary X-ray Diffraction Analysis of the Envelope (E) Protein of Far-Eastern Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus Subtype (Sofjin Strain)
Authors: Dubova K. M. , Vlaskina A. V. , Korzhenevskiy D. A. , Agapova Yu. K. , Rakitina T. V. , Samygina V. R.
Published: July 2022

The envelope (E) protein of flaviviruses is an attractive target for the development of antiviral agents because this protein plays an important role in the formation of virus particles and in the virus invasion in host cells. Currently, there is no specific antiviral therapy for tick-borne encephalitis. The goal of this study is to determine the crystal structure of the envelope (E) protein ectodomain of Far-Eastern tick-borne encephalitis virus subtype (Sofjin strain). The knowledge of the three-dimensional structure can serve as the basis for the development of specific inhibitors of conformational rearrangements of the (E) protein, which are essential for the initial stages of infection.
Reverse Takotsubo cardiomyopathy associated with tonic clonic seizure: a rare form of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy
Authors: Ali Usman , Khalil Arsalan , Doshi Sagar N , Nadir Adnan
Published: July 2022

A woman in her 30s presented with generalised tonic clonic seizure secondary to known pilocytic astrocytoma. This seizure activity resolved spontaneously after 5 min. On clinical assessment, she was neurologically stable and further neurological investigations did not reveal progression of previously recognised pilocytic astrocytoma. Incidentally, she was found to have an elevated troponin, which significantly increased on serial assessment. ECG was unremarkable and echocardiography revealed regional wall motion abnormalities involving basal segments of the left ventricle with apical sparing. She underwent cardiac MRI, which confirmed the presence of regional wall motion abnormalities seen on echocardiography; however, there was no evidence of myocardial oedema or late gadolinium enhancement. Subsequently, she had an invasive coronary angiogram with intravascular ultrasound which ruled out acute coronary plaque event and coronary dissection. In view of the above, a diagnosis ofreverseTakotsubo cardiomyopathy was made. This is a relatively rare entity characterised by the presence of akinesia/hypokinesia in the basal segments with preserved apical contractility; often seen in younger patients.