bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Use of management information systems from the perspective of farmers
Authors: Bittarello Andressa , Altoé Stella Maris Lima , Suave Ricardo
Published: July 2021

Purpose: The purpose is to evaluate the impact of the use of Management Information Systems (MIS) in the management of small companies in the field of rural activity.

Methodology: In this study, questionnaires were applied to rural producers using the conventional accounting system, obtaining 37 responses. In addition, 7 interviews were conducted with rural producers who started to use MIS to control their activities.

Results: Using the analysis of differences between respondents who use MIS or not, it was possible to identify which points are linked to its implementation, in addition to assessing the benefits obtained from the system used. The results indicate that the use of MIS reflected positively in management, especially with regard to cost and culture control, forecasting needs, increased profit and assistance in decision making.

Contributions of the Study: The findings of the study clarify the practical implications of using MIS in rural properties, such as receptivity to the use of the system and, mainly, which advantages with use are most indicated by respondents from properties that already use it. In this sense, we claim accounting entrepreneurs to instigate the use of management tools by rural producers who do not yet use it, but consider the use of MIS as beneficial.
Hepatic encephalopathy in adult dog secondary to cirrhosis due to congenital biliary agenesis: a case report
Authors: Oliveira Fernanda Bueno , Fontes Thanielle Novaes , Sousa Marilaine Carlos , Souza Ana Caroline da Silva Néto , Peixoto Tiago da Cunha , Leal Paula Velozo
Published: July 2021

Gallbladder agenesis is a congenital malformation that is considered extremely rare in dogs. The disease can course asymptomatically or with clinical signs, usually non-specific and including vomiting, anorexia, diarrhea, ascites, and lethargy. The objective of this report was to describe the clinical and anatomopathological aspects of a dog with hepatic encephalopathy secondary to gallbladder agenesis. This condition can be diagnosed during surgery or imaging examinations; however, it is often an incidental finding. In the biochemical examinations, a decrease in alanine aminotransferase and an increase in alkaline phosphatase and hypoalbuminemia were observed. During the necropsy, hepatomegaly was observed with absence of the gallbladder, congestion, cerebral edema, lipiduria, and pulmonary edema. Microscopically, there was intense fibrosis and inflammation in the liver due to chronic cholangiohepatitis (cirrhosis of the liver). The consequence of this lesion secondary to gallbladder agenesis was hepatic encephalopathy. Chronic liver failure exposes the cerebral cortex to toxins that are not metabolized by the liver, such as ammonia, mercaptans, short-chain fatty acids, scatols, indols, and aromatic amino acids. These toxins cause reversible damage to the brain, which results in neurological disorders. In this report, the dog had no clinical neurological signs, and the diagnosis of this condition was observed histologically. Dogs with gallbladder agenesis usually have clinical and pathological findings of hepatobiliary lesions such as cholestasis, cholangiohepatitis, and, in severe cases, hepatic encephalopathy, which are necessary to differentiate from other diseases that affect the hepatobiliary system, such as cholelithiasis, neoplasms, and chronic hepatitis.
Brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in dairy farms in the state of Acre, Brazil
Authors: Diniz Jefferson Viana Alves , Peixoto Renato Mesquita , Silva Laine Oliveira , Nogueira Marina Marie Bento , Freitas Rosano Ramos de , Satrapa Rafael Augusto
Published: July 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the to evaluate the occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in dairy herds of Acre State, Brazil. The survey was performed on 487 lactating cows distributed across 27 farms in seven cities from June 2018 to February 2019. Farms were selected according to the following criteria: volume of milk production (150 L/day), distance to an urban perimeter (43 km), and time of dairy activity (12 years). For the diagnosis of brucellosis, buffered acidified plate antigen (BAPA) and complement fixation (CF) tests were used. Among the investigated animals, the occurrence rates for brucellosis and tuberculosis were 1.88% (9/487) and 1.23% (6/487), respectively; among the investigated farms, 11.11% (3/27) and 22.2% (6/27) had livestock diagnosed as positive for brucellosis and tuberculosis, respectively. The farms with tuberculosis-positive cattle possessed some common features with respect to herd size. These farms had considerable herd sizes, which were reared extensively in pastures shared with other susceptible or pathogen-carrying animals. In conclusion, the occurrence rate of bovine brucellosis and tuberculosis in dairy herds from Acre state is, in general, lower than that observed in other states of Brazil. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need for developing strategies to control and eradicate both diseases to prevent eventual outbreaks and pathogen dissemination.
Comparison of experimental wound healing in quail using two types of commercial hemostatic dressings
Authors: Chiquito Tainá M. P. , Falbo Margarete K. , Soares Rafael V. , Marcondes Roberta A. , Peres Jayme A. , Monteiro Sharlenne L. S. , Spercoski Katherinne M. , Kasecker Giuliana G.
Published: July 2021

The use of powdered hemostatic products and propolis-based preparations has become increasingly common to control bleeding and aid healing. This study evaluated two hemostatic dressings, one based on propolis (Alveolex®) and the other on ferric subsulfate powder (Quick Blood Stopper®), on experimental wound in quails. The experiment was conducted with 36 quails assigned to three groups: control, propolis-based hemostatic dressing and ferric subsulfate-based hemostatic dressing, on two types of wounds, superficial (skin and subcutaneous) and deep (skin, subcutaneous and muscle). Pre- (day-7) and post-procedure (days 2 and 10) examinations showed a tendency to reduce hematocrit values on day 2 and a tendency to increase fibrinogen levels and total leukocyte count on the same day. Visual assessment of wound healing indicated that birds using Quick Blood Stopper® showed signs of poor healing, while the group treated with Alveolex® had uncomplicated healing within the expected time. The groups treated with hemostatic based on ferric subsulfate showed a tendency to increase the values of fecal corticosterone metabolites on day 10, suggesting an increased level of stress in these animals. During the surgical procedure, both hemostatic products controlled bleeding, but Alveolex®was more efficient and easy to handle.
Drying of residual tilapia skin from filleting using a thermophotovoltaic solar dehydrator
Authors: Rodrigues Karina dos Santos , Melo Eveny Silva de , Lima Isabel Cristina da Paz , Bacelar Rafael Gomes Abreu , Anjos Alexandre Miranda Pires dos , Muratori Maria Christina Sanches , Nobrega Maria Marlucia Gomes Pereira
Published: July 2021

Tilapia comprises one of the most cultivated fish species worldwide, mainly commercialized in the form of fillets. As a result, the amount of waste generated by processing is high, with tilapia skin being commonly discarded and not used as food for human consumption. In this context, the aim of this study was to dry residual filleted tilapia skins in a solar dehydrator and perform physical-chemical analyses after drying in order to evaluate the potential for the development of byproducts. The skins were collected at a fish market on Mercado do Peixe in Teresina - PI. Treatments consisted of four sodium chloride concentrations (0.0%; 25.0%; 50.0% and 100.0%), with five replications, totaling 25 samples. The skins were dried in the solar dehydrator for 24 hours, followed by moisture, ash, protein, lipids, pH and water activity analyses. Moisture in the in naturaskins was 57.7%, differing significantly from the dehydrated tilapia skins, which ranged from 9.4% to 10.6%. The ash in the in natura skins was 0.17%, while dehydrated tilapia skins displayed variations from 1.19% to 4.17%. The crude protein found of the in natura skins was 41.4%, significantly different (P <0.05) from the skins submitted to the solar dehydration method. Based on these findings, the use of solar dehydrator for short periods is confirmed to favor the uniform dehydration of residual tilapia skin from filleting, generating a product with satisfactory bromatological patterns for the development of fish-based by-products.
Essential Oils as Potential Source of Anti-dandruff Agents: A Review
Authors: Arora Poonam , Nainwal Lalit Mohan , Jain Shagun
Published: July 2021

Background:

Dandruff is a frequent occurring scalp problem that causes significant
discomfort to approximately 50% population at some stage of life, especially post-puberty and preadult
age.

Objective:

In this review, we aim to summarise the recent findings regarding anti-fungal properties
of herbal essential oils against pathogens involved in dandruff prognosis.

Methods:

A literature search of studies published between 2000 and 2020 was conducted over
databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Science Direct. Literature was explored using the
guidelines given in Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
(PRISMA).

Results:

Dandruff, characterised by clinical symptoms of dryness, pruritis, scaly, and flaky scalp,
is considered as a primary manifestation of seborrheic dermatitis. Amongst various etiological and
pathophysiological factors, significant role of yeasts, primarily, species of Malassezia, Candida,
has been strongly correlated with dandruff, while incidences of M. furfur, M. restricta and M.
globosa are high compared to others. Due to relapse of symptoms with withdrawal of conventional
anti-dandruff products, patients find best alternatives in natural products. Essential oils of herbal
origin such as tea tree oil, lime oil, rosemary oil, have gained global importance in dermatology.
These oils are rich in aromatic secondary metabolites, especially terpenes and phenolic
components that impart substantial antimicrobial properties and resisting biofilm production.

Conclusion:

On the basis of the available information, we can conclude that essential oils have
huge potential to be developed as anti-dandruff products, however, further studies are warranted to
establish their efficacy in dandruff cure.
Hippo Signaling: A Stress Response Pathway in Stem Cells
Authors: Zeybek Naciye Dilara , Baysal Eylem , Bozdemir Ozlem , Buber Esra
Published: July 2021

The Hippo pathway, with its core components and the downstream transcriptional coactivators,
controls the self-renewable capacity and stemness features of stem cells and serves as a stress
response pathway by regulating proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. The Hippo pathway interaction
with other signaling pathways plays an important role in response to various stress stimuli arising
from energy metabolism, hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, and mechanical forces. Depending on
the energy levels, the Hippo pathway is regulated by AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and
mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which in turn determines stem cell proliferation (cell survival
and growth) and differentiation. Oxidative stress-driven by ROS production also affects the
Hippo pathway with transcriptional changes through MST/YAP/FoxO pathway and leads to the activation
of pro-apoptotic genes and eventually cell death. HIF1alpha/YAP signaling is critical for the
long-term maintenance of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) under hypoxia. In this review, we present
an overview of stem cell response to stress, including mechanical, hypoxia, metabolic and oxidative
stress through the modulation of the Hippo pathway. The biological effects such as autophagy, apoptosis
and senescence were discussed in the context of the Hippo pathway in stem cells.
Hiding Capacity and Audio Steganography Model Based on LSB in
Temporal Domain
Authors: Gera Anju , Vyas Vaibhav
Published: July 2021

Background:

Researchers for data hiding using the various encrypting techniques to improve
the security of transmission of confidential information through an unsecured channel have
been carried out.

Methods:

In this paper, a new higher recognition Least Significant Bit (LSB) audio data concealment
is suggested in this framework. This technique is used to embed the hidden audio into cover audio of
the same size.

Results:

The altered speech file appears as the original carrier file after embedding the secret message.
This model strengthens hiding capability and audio quality.

Conclusion:

The strategy outperforms similar studies by enhancing hiding capability up to 30% and
preserving stego audio transparency with the SNR value at 72.2 and SDG at 4.8.
The Correlation between Pain, Stress, and Oral Function in Oral and Maxillofacial Infection and Trauma Patients
Authors: Shafira Medyannisa , Maulina Tantry , Lyana Nurnayly Putri , Sjamsudin Endang , Hardianto Andri
Published: July 2021

Background:

The relationship between stress and acute pain has been documented in previous studies. Yet, very few studies have evaluated the relationship between stress and acute orofacial pain and its impact on jaw functional activities.

Objective:

The objective of the current study was to evaluate the correlation between acute orofacial pain, stress, and the limitation of the jaw and facial activities in oral and maxillofacial infection and oral and maxillofacial trauma patients.

Methods:

The current study recruited 50 (16 male, 34 female) patients from the Emergency Unit of the Ujung Berung Hospital, Bandung Indonesia. Twenty-five patients were those who had oral and maxillofacial trauma, and the rest were those who had an oral and maxillofacial infection. The patient’s stress level was evaluated by measuring their salivary alpha-amylase level, the pain level was measured by using the numeric rating scale (NRS), whilst the limitation of the jaw and facial activities was measured by using the Jaw and Facial Activities Limitation (JFAL) Questionnaire. All data were analysed using the Spearman correlation test.

Results:

Based on the analysis, it was revealed that there was no significant correlation (r = 0.176, p= 0.22) between stress and pain level. When associated with jaw and facial activities limitation, there was a significant positive correlation (r = 0.555, p < 0.01) found between pain level and jaw and facial activity limitation.

Conclusion:

The current study concluded that there was a significant positive correlation found between pain and jaw activity limitation on oral and maxillofacial infection and trauma patients.
The Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-receptor Type N22 (PTPN22) Gene Functional Polymorphism (1858T) is not Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis in Kuwaiti Patients
Authors: Al-Awadhi Adel M. , Haider Mohammad Z. , Sukumaran Jalaja , Hasan Eman AH , Bartella Youssef A.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is a chronic disorder characterized by an inflammation of synovial tissue in joints resulting in pain, deformities and affects the quality of life. The gene for protein tyrosine phosphatase non-receptor type 22 (PTPN22) encodes a lymphoid specific phosphatase (LYP), which serves as a negative regulator of T lymphocyte activation and is associated with a number of autoimmune/chronic diseases in various ethnic groups.

Objective:

This study was undertaken to investigate an association between PTPN22 gene functional polymorphism (C1858T; rs2476601) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in Kuwaiti Arabs. The frequency of this candidate locus was compared between Kuwaiti RA patients and the controls and with that reported from other populations.

Methods:

The study was carried out in 191 Kuwaiti RA patients and 214 healthy controls. The diagnosis of RA was carried out according to the guidelines of the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). The genotypes of PTPN22 gene (C1858T) polymorphism were detected by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and confirmed by DNA sequence analysis in RA patients and controls.

Results:

The TT genotype of PTPN22 gene functional polymorphism C1858T was found in 2/191 (1%) in RA patients compared to 2/214 (1%) in the controls (P = 1.0). In contrast, heterozygous CT genotype was detected in 3/191 (1.57%) RA patients compared to 32/214 (14.9%) in the controls. The CC genotype was detected in 186/191 (97.38%), RA patients while it was detected in 180/214 (84.1%) of the controls. The two RA patients who carried the homozygous variant (TT) genotype were both positive for rheumatoid factor (RF) and did not have any extra-articular manifestations. Amongst the Kuwaiti RA patients, 27% had a family history of RA. No correlation was found between the activity/severity of the disease and PTPN22 gene polymorphism genotypes.

Conclusion:

This study did not find an association between the PTPN22 gene functional polymorphism (C1858T) and clinical manifestation and activity/severity of RA in Kuwaiti Arabs. This is in sharp contrast to previous reports from Caucasian and some other populations in which a positive association of PTPN22 gene (C1858T) polymorphism with genetic susceptibility to RA has been reported.
Epidermal Growth Factor rs4444903 A>G Gene Polymorphism Association with Chronic Hepatitis B Liver Disease Progression among Egyptian Children: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Mohamed Amal A. , Hakeem Gehan L.A. , Babrs Gihan M. , Abolfotoh Laila E. , Shehata Nageh M. , Maher Sheren E. , Mousa Suzan M. , Ismail Ahlam M. , Ezzat Doaa , Habib Ahmed G.K. , Ghaith Doaa M. , Fawazy Naglaa , Khattab Rania A. , Habib Eman El S. , El-Hassib Dalia M. Abd , Abd-Elsalam Sherief , El-damasy Dalia A.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Polymorphisms of genes encoding the pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines can affect the clinical presentation of the infection. We aimed to assess the role of EGF gene single-nucleotide polymorphism in the outcome of chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in children.

Methods:

One hundred HBV-infected children and 75 healthy matched controls were enrolled in this prospective study. Patients included 18 chronic inactive and 82 chronic active carriers. EGF rs4444903 A>G genotypes were determined using allele-specific amplification.

Results:

Significant differences regarding EGF genotypic frequency (p=0.001) in patients compared to controls (p=0.001). Eighteen percent were inactive, and 82% were active carriers. AA, AG and GG genotypic frequency were 66.7%, 33.3%, 0% and were 3.7%, 37.8% and 58.5% in the inactive and active carriers, respectively, with significant differences regarding AA, AG, GG genotypic frequency (p=0.001 for all). EGF AA, AG, GG genotypes frequency were 1.9%, 33.3%, and 64.8%, respectively, with significant differences between cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients regarding AA, AG, GG genotypic frequency (p=0.001 for all).

Conclusion:

Increased G allele frequency in EGF rs4444903 A > G polymorphism in HBV- Egyptian children is associated with worse outcomes.
Simulating Ultrasound Piezoelectric Power Transfer in the Near Field and
Experimental Validations
Authors: Mohammed Ammar , Mo Changki , Miller John , Lowry David , Alhamid Jassim
Published: July 2021

Background:

Acoustic power transfer is a method for wireless energy transfer to implanted
medical devices that permits a greater range of separation between transmitter and receiver
than is possible with inductive power transfer. In some cases, short-distance ultrasonic power
transfer may be employed; consequently, their operation may be complicated by the near-field aspects
of piezoelectric acoustic energy transfer.

Methods:

A piezoelectric energy transfer system consisting of two lead zirconate titanate (PZT)
transducers was analyzed in this work using a combination of experimental measurements and
computer simulations.

Results:

Simulations using the COMSOL Software package showed good agreement with measured
output voltage as a function of the distance between and alignment of the transmitter and receiver
with water as a medium. We also simulated how operating frequency affects power transfer
efficiency at various distances between the transmitter and receiver and found reasonable agreement
with experiments. We report model predictions for power transfer efficiency as a function of
the thickness and diameter of the transmitter and receiver.

Conclusion:

The results show that with proper choice of parameters, piezoelectric systems can
provide high power transfer efficiency in the near-field region.
Preliminary Study on Major Phenolic Groups, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Capacity of Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis Anacardioides) Fruit Extracts
Authors: Pham Ngoc M.Q. , Vuong Quan V. , Sakoff Jennette A. , Bowyer Michael C. , Scarlett Christopher J.
Published: July 2021

Background:

Tuckeroo (Cupaniopsis anacardioides) is one of eleven species that belongs
to the Sapindaceae family, which is native to Australia.

Objective:

This study screened major phenolic groups from fresh or dried whole fruits, or just their
skin.

Methods:

Using optimal ultrasound assisted extraction conditions with either acetone (50%) or
methanol (50%) as extraction solvents. This study further tested their antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic
activity against a panel of ten cancer cell lines for their potential health benefits.

Results:

The results showed that levels of major phenolic groups were significantly different with
solvents used or types of materials (whole fruit or skin). The extract from dried skin fruit using acetone
50 % (SD-A50) had the highest level of total phenolic content(112.47 mg GAE/g) and total
flavonoid content (101.89 mg CAE/g); however, the extract from fresh skin (SF-A50) had the greatest
proanthocyanidin content (124.22 mg CAE/g). This SF-A50 extract also showed the strongest
antioxidant activity and had the highest growth inhibition and the lower dose response (GI50 values
of 20-145 μg/mL) against the HT29 (colon); U87, SJ-G2 (glioblastoma); MCF-7 (Breast);
A2780 (ovarian); H460 (lung); A431 (skin); Du145 (prostate); BE2-C (neuroblastoma); and MIA
PaCa-2 (pancreas) cancer cell line, revealing its therapeutic potential.

Conclusions:

Fourteen major compounds, including catechin were detected from the Tuckeroo fruit
extract; future studies are recommended to further isolate, identify and test the health potentials
from group and individual compounds of the Tuckeroo fruit extract.
SARS-CoV-2: Evaluation and Evolution
Authors: Bedda Loay , Mahmoud Fayrouz , Elkhateib Radwa , Dawoud Alyaa , Gamal Hassan , Abdelsattar Abdallah S. , El-Shibiny Ayman
Published: July 2021

:

The emerging new COVID 2019 pandemic, which started in 2019 in China (Wuhan)
and is caused by SARS-CoV-2, raises critical concerns due to high morbidity and mortality. As
many patients are infected and the numbers still increase, this may suggest that there are different
variants of the virus and some of them are more pathogenic. Besides, the virus is suspected to have
various evolutionary pathways since SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the RNA viruses’ family, which is
characterized by a high mutation rate. Additionally, it is crucial to understand the life cycle of the
virus to be able to urge antiviral studies. Genotyping studies about viruses are also important in order
to understand the transmission and evolution of the virus. The genome of SARS-CoV-2 has a
furin-like cleavage site in its S protein that may affect its pathogenicity. It was found that insertions
and deletions in S protein have an impact on the transmission and fusion of the virus. The single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNP) genotypes are used to track the relationship of virus isolates. Sequence
alignment revealed the presence of hundreds of inter-host mutations during person-to-person
transmission. Furthermore, genetic recombination provided a second mechanism for virus evolution.
In this review, we highlight the life cycle of the virus and methods of virus evolution caused
by mutations or recombination of viral genomes
Internacionalização e ação social: o caso da Construtora Norberto Odebrecht
Authors: Marino Ian Kisil , Moura Pedro Giovannetti
Published: July 2021

A Construtora Norberto Odebrecht (CNO) está presente em mais de 40 países, conformando-se como peça-chave no projeto de internacionalização da Organização Odebrecht, um dos maiores conglomerados empresariais do Brasil. Nesse contexto, propomos uma análise das intersecções entre a internacionalização da CNO e a sua ação social sem finalidades diretamente lucrativas, vista por nós como uma constante. A partir de uma análise ampla do processo, abordamos diversos países e momentos desse tipo de intervenção. Com isso, almejamos desenhar um estudo de caso, identificar seus referenciais históricos mais extensos e destacar que a ação social empresarial da CNO é parte essencial da sua estratégia de sucesso, remetendo aos preceitos do terceiro setor e do neoliberalismo.
“The leading commission-house of Rio de Janeiro”: os negócios da Maxwell, Wright & C.o. (c. 1827-c. 1850)
Authors: Ribeiro Alan dos Santos
Published: July 2021

A firma anglo-americana Maxwell, Wright & Co. teve posição de destaque nas rotas atlânticas de comércio a partir da cidade do Rio de Janeiro em meados do século XIX. Seus ramos de atividade eram os mais variados, mas, acima de tudo, a empresa atuou no comércio cafeeiro para os portos dos Estados Unidos da América. Nos anos 1840, a firma era a principal exportadora de café da praça carioca e de todo o Império. O presente trabalho visa a analisar a inserção dessa empresa estrangeira na economia brasileira das três primeiras décadas do Brasil independente.
“não lugar” do circo na escola
Authors: Ribeiro Camila da Silva , Cardani Leonora Tanasovici , Rodrigues Gilson Santos , Bortoleto Marco Antonio Coelho
Published: July 2021

O circo contemporâneo vem ocupando uma considerável variedade de espaços sociais, projetando maior visibilidade midiática e também mostrando suas potencialidades educativas. Nesse contexto emerge o debate: qual o espaço da arte circense na educação, mais precisamente na escola? Com isso, analisamos o caso de uma escola de Ensino Fundamental na cidade de Campinas- São Paulo/Brasil. As análises indicam de modo inequívoco que a escola é também lugar para o Circo, tanto na forma de conteúdo programático como espaço de compartilhamento dessa cultura patrimonial. Considerando esse e outros casos disponíveis na literatura recente, entendemos que a arte em geral, e o Circo, em particular, precisam de maior atenção nos debates pedagógicos, desde a formação docente até a prática pedagógica, o que requer esforços governamentais e também das próprias instituições educativas.
The relationship of language and spatial identity in historical geography research: a review of (multi)disciplinary approaches
Authors:   Miroslav Krleža Institute of Lexicography, Zagreb, Croatia, Melem Hajdarović Mihela
Published: July 2021

Language use and spatial identity research are topics of interest in linguistics, geography, anthropology, ethnology, sociology, psychology, and philosophy. Accordingly, there are numerous related terms that originated in one discipline but are also used in other disciplines, making them multi-disciplinary. Research on terminology in the field of language use has shown great diversity (linguistic geography, areal or spatial linguistics, linguistic geography, the geography of language, geolinguistics). The paper analyzes and defines the aforementioned concepts, their connection with individual disciplines, and discusses individual terminological shortcomings. The aim of this paper is to review the field of research regarding the use of language and spatial identity in a broader sense, and especially the position of and approaches to research within historical geography. The paper analyzes a sample of 124 articles (published mainly in Croatian and English) according to author(s), research objective, methodology, and period of publication. Based on this, three characteristic periods during which research developed and changed have been distinguished.
Светодиод на основе AlInGaN-гетероструктур, выращенных на подложках SiC/Si и технология его изготовления
Authors: Марков Л.К. , Кукушкин С.А. , Смирнова И.П. , Павлюченко А.С. , Гращенко А.С. , Осипов А.В. , Святец Г.В. , Николаев А.Е. , Сахаров А.В. , Лундин В.В. , Цацульников А.Ф.
Published: July 2021

The technique and technology for fabricating both LED chips and packaged LEDs based on InGaN/GaN heterostructures grown on novel SiC/Si substrates synthesized by the method of matched atomic substitution have been described. The current-voltage characteristics, luminescence spectra, and the current dependences of output power and external quantum efficiency have been studied. It is shown that the presence of pores naturally formed in the SiC/Si substrate during its growth leads to a substantial increase in the quantum efficiency of LEDs in comparison with that of LEDs fabricated on silicon without a SiC sublayer.
The significance of coronavirus infection in the development of reproductive and lower urinary tract lesions
Authors: Ibishev Kh. S. , Atadzhanova A. T. , Mamedov E. A. , Vasilyev O. N.
Published: July 2021

The impact of COVID-19 on the organs of the genitourinary system is of particular interest to the urologist. There is insufficient information about this influence up to date. The studies are actively developing and require long-term data analysis to determine possible long-term complications, persistent changes in physiological parameters and anatomical and histological structures, as well as to establish the possibility of regression of these changes and complications. The results obtained will undoubtedly improve not only the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of coronavirus infection and its complications, but also make it possible to predict certain disease's outcomes and changes in the function of organs and systems. In turn, this will give an understanding of the measures that need to be taken to completely avoid or minimize these complications and changes.

This review focuses on the impact of COVID-19 on genitourinary organs, particularly its place in the development of the lower urinary tract and reproductive organs lesions, as well as the role of androgens in the course of SARS-CoV-2.
Male fertility: a review of the publications from January - March 2021
Authors: Rogozin D. S.
Published: July 2021

The article provides an overview of the most significant publications on the topic of male infertility. The main selection criteria were the practical significance of the article, as well as the impact factor of the journal in which it was published, according to the SCImago Journal Rank (SJR). As a result, a list of 10 works published in the first quarter (January - March) of 2021 was formed. The review included articles related to the following issues: sperm DNA fragmentation, the use of testicular spermatozoa in ART programs (assisted reproductive technologies), advanced paternal age, the role of the human papillomavirus for male fertility, hormonal modulation by clomiphene, the risk of birth defects in children in ART programs, andrological examination of patients with CFTR gene mutations. And also, an analysis of the new clinical guidelines of the American Urological Association (AUA) was carried out.
Relapses of urethral strictures associated with a pelvic ring fracture and osteosynthesis: the features of treatment and prevention
Authors: Glukhov V. P. , Ilyash A. V. , Mitusov V. V. , Kubasov D. O. , Pilieva A. V. , Khoronko Yu. V. , Kogan M. I.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. Pelvic ring fracture with complex bone fragments displacement is associated with the urethral distraction injury in about 10% of cases. Emergency care for these patients includes the provision of trauma management and urinary diversion followed by delayed urethroplasty.

Purpose of the study. To determine the effect of extramedullary osteosynthesis in a pelvic ring fracture on the outcome of treatment in patients with post-traumatic urethral strictures.

Materials and methods. The study included 17 patients with post-traumatic urethral strictures associated with pelvic ring fractures (Types B, C). The average age of the patients was 35.8 ± 10.2 (19 - 61) yrs. All patients underwent submerged osteosynthesis and cystostomy drainage as an emergency. Localization of strictures: 10 (58.8%) - membranous, 7 (41.2%) - bulbo-membranous. Length of strictures: 1.47 ± 0.5 (0.5 - 2.5) cm. Post-traumatic period: 6.6 ± 1.3 (4 - 10) mo.

Results. All patients underwent anastomotic urethroplasty. No early postoperative complications were identified. Spontaneous urination was restored by 14 - 15 days in all patients. Early urethral stricture relapses were revealed in 9 (52.9%) patients during 3-mo follow-up. These patients underwent removal of the metal structures fixing the pelvic bones. Repeated urethroplasty was performed a month later. Subsequent relapses of urethral stricture were not detected in any of 17 cases with a median follow-up of 28 (12 - 128) mo.

Conclusion. Surgical treatment of urethral strictures associated with a pelvic ring fracture and osteosynthesis is advisable after removal of the metal structures fixing the pelvic bones. This is since the excessed retropubic screws protrusion (> 0.2 - 0.3 mm) is associated with a large area of periurethral fibrous inflammation and causes high relapse risks of stricture disease (52.9%) in the case of urethral surgery preceding the removal of metal structures.
Cryptorchidism – is everything as simple and understandable as it seems?
Authors: Kogan M. I.
Published: July 2021

The editorial board invites pediatric urologists-andrologists, pediatric surgeons, urologists to enter into a dialogue on the pages of the journal dedicated to the current aspects of cryptorchidism, launching a discussion outlining the author's arguments.
Cryptorchidism: a comprehensive assessment of the terminology and classification
Authors: Sizonov V. V. , Makarov A. G. , Kagantsov I. M. , Kogan M. I.
Published: July 2021

The analysis of literature data (PubMed database, Google Scholar) is presented, devoted to the problematic study of the cryptorchidism's terminology and classification. The literature periodically calls for systematization terms used in describing the position undescended testis. Due to the confusion in terminology, it is difficult to generalize and analyze the data obtained. The same position of the undescended testis is described differently by various authors, which led to the appearance of many authors' cryptorchidism classifications at the beginning of the 21st century. This review of the literature states the fact that, over time, no consensus has been found regarding the classification of undescended testicles. Currently, there is a need to generalize the available data to select the optimal treatment algorithm. If the treatment algorithm for the palpable testicles is well studied, then the choice of a treatment method for the cryptorchidism non-palpable forms remains debated in the surgical community.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and spermatogenesis
Authors: Korshunov M. N. , Korshunova E. S. , Kastrikin Yu. V. , Darenkov S. P.
Published: July 2021

Introduction. According to the WHO data, depression is a common disease among women and men of reproductive age. One line of the correction of depressive disorders is selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). The ingestions have shown that using SSRIs harms sperm quality. The literature date of evaluation of male fertility after discontinuation of antidepressants is quite limited.

Purpose of the study. To evaluate the influence of Fluoxetine intake on semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation and hormonal status.

Materials and methods. Twenty-five men (mean age - 35.2 ± 4.5 yo) with depression were included in the study. Fluoxetine (20 mg per day) was prescribed to all the patients for 12 wk. Semen parameters, sperm DNA fragmentation, sex hormones levels were measured before-after treatment and 3 mo behind discontinuation.

Results. After 12 weeks of the treatment the mean semen volume decreased from 3.1 ± 0.7 to 2.9 ± 0.7 ml (p = 0.638), sperm concentration - from 39.4 ± 18.5 to 34.3 ± 16.8 mln/ml (p = 0.384), sperm motility decreased from 41.7 ± 7.6 to 35.5 ± 7.8% (p < 0.05), the mean percent of normal morphology form - from с 12.7 ± 2.8 to 10.7 ± 2.2% (p < 0.001). Sperm DNA fragmentation increased 16.2 ± 4.9 to 22.2 ± 4.3% (p < 0.001). The mean semen volume, sperm concentration, motility, percentage of normal morphology increased and reverted to the normal levels after 3 mounts of drug discontinuation. Sperm DNA fragmentation index decreased, and it had the values less than before the treatment that positively correlated with the reduction of depression's symptoms. It was not significant dynamics in hormonal parameters before and after the therapy.

Conclusion. Using fluoxetine has a reversible negative effect on male fertility. It is important to inform the patients about the temporary side effects of SSRIs in fatherhood planning cases.
Racial and Ethnic Differences in COVID-19 Outcomes, Stressors, Fear, and Prevention Behaviors Among US Women: Web-Based Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stockman Jamila K , Wood Brittany A , Anderson Katherine M
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

In the United States, racial and ethnic minorities are disproportionately affected by COVID-19, with persistent social and structural factors contributing to these disparities. At the intersection of race/ethnicity and gender, women of color may be disadvantaged in terms of COVID-19 outcomes due to their role as essential workers, their higher prevalence of pre-existing conditions, their increased stress and anxiety from the loss of wages and caregiving, and domestic violence.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study is to examine racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of COVID-19 outcomes, stressors, fear, and prevention behaviors among adult women residing in the United States.

METHODS

Between May and June 2020, women were recruited into the Capturing Women’s Experiences in Outbreak and Pandemic Environments (COPE) Study, a web-based cross-sectional study, using advertisements on Facebook; 491 eligible women completed a self-administered internet-based cross-sectional survey. Descriptive statistics were used to examine racial and ethnic differences (White; Asian; Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander; Black; Hispanic, Latina, or Spanish Origin; American Indian or Alaskan Native; multiracial or some other race, ethnicity, or origin) on COVID-19 outcomes, stressors, fear, and prevention behaviors.

RESULTS

Among our sample of women, 16% (73/470) reported COVID-19 symptoms, 22% (18/82) were concerned about possible exposure from the people they knew who tested positive for COVID-19, and 51.4% (227/442) knew where to get tested; yet, only 5.8% (27/469) had been tested. Racial/ethnic differences were observed, with racial/ethnic minority women being less likely to know where to get tested. Significant differences in race/ethnicity were observed for select stressors (food insecurity, not enough money, homeschooling children, unable to have a doctor or telemedicine appointment) and prevention behaviors (handwashing with soap, self-isolation if sick, public glove use, not leaving home for any activities). Although no racial/ethnic differences emerged from the Fear of COVID-19 Scale, significant racial/ethnic differences were observed for some of the individual scale items (eg, being afraid of getting COVID-19, sleep loss, and heart racing due to worrying about COVID-19).

CONCLUSIONS

The low prevalence of COVID-19 testing and knowledge of where to get tested indicate a critical need to expand testing for women in the United States, particularly among racial/ethnic minority women. Although the overall prevalence of engagement in prevention behaviors was high, targeted education and promotion of prevention activities are warranted in communities of color, particularly with consideration for stressors and adverse mental health.
The Saudi Ministry of Health’s Twitter Communication Strategies and Public Engagement During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Content Analysis Study (Preprint)
Authors: Alhassan Fatimah Mohammed , AlDossary Sharifah Abdullah
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

During a public health crisis such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, governments and health authorities need quick and accurate methods of communicating with the public. While social media can serve as a useful tool for effective communication during disease outbreaks, few studies have elucidated how these platforms are used by the Ministry of Health (MOH) during disease outbreaks in Saudi Arabia.

OBJECTIVE

Guided by the Crisis and Emergency Risk Communication model, this study aimed to explore the MOH’s use of Twitter and the public’s engagement during different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Saudi Arabia.

METHODS

Tweets and corresponding likes and retweets were extracted from the official Twitter account of the MOH in Saudi Arabia for the period of January 1 through August 31, 2020. Tweets related to COVID-19 were identified; subsequently, content analysis was performed, in which tweets were coded for the following message types: risk messages, warnings, preparations, uncertainty reduction, efficacy, reassurance, and digital health responses. Public engagement was measured by examining the numbers of likes and retweets. The association between outbreak stages and types of messages was assessed, as well as the effect of these messages on public engagement.

RESULTS

The MOH posted a total of 1393 original tweets during the study period. Of the total tweets, 1293 (92.82%) were related to COVID-19, and 1217 were ultimately included in the analysis. The MOH posted the majority of its tweets (65.89%) during the initial stage of the outbreak. Accordingly, the public showed the highest level of engagement (as indicated by numbers of likes and retweets) during the initial stage. The types of messages sent by the MOH significantly differed across outbreak stages, with messages related to uncertainty reduction, reassurance, and efficacy being prevalent among all stages. Tweet content, media type, and crisis stage influenced the level of public engagement. Engagement was negatively associated with the inclusion of hyperlinks and multimedia files, while higher level of public engagement was associated with the use of hashtags. Tweets related to warnings, uncertainty reduction, and reassurance received high levels of public engagement.

CONCLUSIONS

This study provides insights into the Saudi MOH’s communication strategy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Our results have implications for researchers, governments, health organizations, and practitioners with regard to their communication practices during outbreaks. To increase public engagement, governments and health authorities should consider the public’s need for information. This, in turn, could raise public awareness regarding disease outbreaks.
The Good Food for Learning Universal Curriculum-Integrated Healthy School Lunch Intervention: Protocol for a Two-Year Matched Control Pre-Post and Case Study (Preprint)
Authors: Engler-Stringer Rachel , Black Jennifer , Muhajarine Nazeem , Martin Wanda , Gilliland Jason , McVittie Janet , Kirk Sara , Wittman Hannah , Mousavi Amin , Elliott Sinikka , Hills Brent , Androsoff Gordon , Field Debbie , Macdonald Brit , Belt Chelsea , Vatanparast Hassan
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Good nutrition affects children’s health, well-being, and learning, and schools offer an important setting to promote healthy behaviors that can last a lifetime. Once children reach school age, they spend more of their waking hours in school than in any other environment. Children’s eating habits may be easier to influence than those of adults. In Canada, households with children are more likely to experience food insecurity, and school food programs that are universally available to all children can support the development of healthy eating patterns across groups of varying socioeconomic status. There is a significant gap in the rigorous community-engaged academic research on the impact of school meal programs, especially universal ones.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this population health intervention research is to study the impact of a 2-year universal, curriculum-integrated healthy school lunch program in elementary schools in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, on food consumption, dietary quality and food and nutrition-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices.

METHODS

This population health intervention study will be conducted in 2 intervention elementary schools matched with 2 control schools. We will collect preintervention data, including objective measurements of food eaten at school and food-related knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. This will be followed by the intervention itself, along with qualitative case studies of the intervention process in the 2 intervention schools. Then, we will collect postintervention data similar to the preintervention data. Finally, we will finish the data analysis and complete the ongoing sharing of learning from the project.

RESULTS

This study was funded in April 2020 but because of the COVID-19 pandemic, data collection did not begin until May 2021. The intervention will begin in September 2021 and end in June 2023, with end point data collection occurring in May and June 2023. The case study research will begin in September 2021 and will be ongoing for the duration of the intervention.

CONCLUSIONS

The opportunity we have to systematically and comprehensively study a curriculum-integrated school lunch program, as well as the promising practices for school food programs across Canada, is without precedent.

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/30899
Computerized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Intervention for Depression Among Veterans: Acceptability and Feasibility Study (Preprint)
Authors: Stearns-Yoder Kelly A , Ryan Arthur T , Smith Alexandra A , Forster Jeri E , Barnes Sean M , Brenner Lisa A
Published: July 2021

BACKGROUND

Computerized cognitive behavioral therapies (cCBTs) have been developed to deliver efficient, evidence-based treatment for depression and other mental health conditions. Beating the Blues (BtB) is one of the most empirically supported cCBTs for depression. The previous trial of BtB with veterans included regular guidance by health care personnel, which increased the complexity and cost of the intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This study, conducted by researchers at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center, aims to test the acceptability and feasibility of unguided cCBT for depression among US military veterans.

METHODS

To examine the acceptability of BtB delivered without additional peer or other mental health care provider support, a before-and-after trial was conducted among United States (US) military veterans experiencing mild to moderate depressive symptoms. The feasibility of the study design for a future efficacy trial was also evaluated.

RESULTS

In total, 49 veterans completed preintervention assessments and received access to BtB, and 29 participants completed all postintervention assessments. The predetermined acceptability criterion for the intervention was met. Although the predetermined feasibility criteria regarding screening eligibility rate, number of BtB modules completed, and completion of a posttreatment assessment were not met, the results were comparable with those of other cCBT studies.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first study among US military veterans to demonstrate support for the implementation of cCBT for depression without the assistance of a mental health professional or a peer support specialist, suggesting that stand-alone computer-aided interventions may be viable. Ideas for improving feasibility in future trials based on this study are discussed.