bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cervical sympathectomy to treat cerebral vasospasm: a scoping review
Authors: Bombardieri Anna Maria , Heifets Boris D , Treggiari Miriam , Albers Gregory W , Steinberg Gary K , Heit Jeremy J
Published: November 2022

Background/Importance

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is the second-leading cause of death and disability in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and is associated with cerebral arterial vasospasm (CAV). Current treatments for CAV are expensive, invasive, and have limited efficacy. Cervical sympathetic block (CSB) is an underappreciated, but potentially highly effective therapy for CAV.

Objective

To provide a comprehensive review of the preclinical and human literature pertinent to CSB in the context of CAV.

Evidence review

This study followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews guidelines. We conducted a literature search using Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus and Web of Science until February 2022, to identify abstracts, conference proceedings, and full-text papers pertinent to cervical sympathectomy and CAV in animal/adult patients.

Findings

We included six human and six experimental studies. Human studies were mostly prospective observational, except one retrospective and one randomized clinical trial, and used various imaging modalities to measure changes in arterial diameter after the block. Studies that used digital subtraction angiography showed an improvement in cerebral perfusion without change in vessel diameter. Transcranial Doppler studies found an approximately 15% statistically significant decrease in velocities consistent with arterial vasodilatation. Overall, the results suggest an increase in cerebral arterial diameter and neurological improvement in patients receiving a CSB. Animal studies demonstrate that sympathetic system ablation vasodilates cerebral vasculature and decreases the incidence of symptomatic vasospasm.

Conclusions

This scoping review suggests that CSB may be a viable option for treatment and prevention of CAV/DCI in patients with aSAH, although the included studies were heterogeneous, mostly observational, and with a small sample size. Further research is needed to standardize the technique and prove its effectiveness to treat patients suffering of CAV/DCI after aSAH.
Iteroparity and its contribution to life-history variation in Atlantic salmon
Authors: Persson Lo , Raunsgard Astrid , Thorstad Eva B. , Østborg Gunnel , Urdal Kurt , Sægrov Harald , Ugedal Ola , Hindar Kjetil , Karlsson Sten , Fiske Peder , Bolstad Geir H.
Published: November 2022

Evolution of iteroparity is shaped by the trade-off between current and future reproduction. We studied variation in iteroparity among 205 050 individual Atlantic salmon caught in 179 rivers spanning 14° of latitude. The proportion of repeat spawners (iteroparous individuals) averaged 3.8% and ranged from 0% to 26% across rivers. Females were more often repeat spawners than males and had lower cost of reproduction in terms of lost body mass between spawning events. Proportion of repeat spawners for a given sea age at maturity, and the ratio of alternate to consecutive repeat spawners, increased with increasing population mean sea age at maturity. By combining smolt age, sea age at maturity, and age at additional spawning events, we identified 141 unique life-history types, and repeat spawners contributed 75% of that variation. Our results show that repeat spawners are important for life-history variation and suggest that the association between mean sea age and the frequency of repeat spawning is adaptive rather than a pleiotropic side effect arising from selection on sea age.
Synthesis of a π-extended azacoronene composed of naphthalene and acenaphtho[1,2-c]pyrrole toward a chiral curved π structure
Authors: Takase Masayoshi , Matsunaga Takayuki , Oki Kosuke , Mori Shigeki , Uno Hidemitsu
Published: November 2022

[Formula: see text]-Extended azacoronene has been synthesized via an S[Formula: see text]Ar reaction using acenaphthopyrrole and octafluoronaphthalene utilizing successive Scholl reactions. Although the chiral conformers could not be isolated, the new azacoronene analog exhibited longer-wavelength absorption and reversible oxidation properties, which are characteristic of pyrrole-fused azacoronenes. When combined with the results of our DFT calculations, the experimental results indicate weaker global aromaticity than that of previously reported azacoronenes.
Chapter 2. Sequence stratigraphic concepts and methodologies
Authors: Copestake Philip
Published: November 2022

This chapter reviews sequence stratigraphic concepts and methodologies and presents an approach that is most applicable to the North Sea Jurassic, based on the concept of genetic sequence stratigraphy. The concept of depositional sequences, comprising rock units bounded by unconformities, has been developed from the late nineteenth century up to the present day. Many different studies have been carried out on North Sea Jurassic sequence stratigraphy, from the early 1980s to the present day and involving a range of different approaches. Many authors have adopted the J sequence approach that was first published in the early 1990s; however, a number of alternative North Sea Jurassic sequence schemes have also been described. A close relationship existed between tectonics and sequence boundary development, particularly during the Middle–Late Jurassic in the North Sea region. Several of the major unconformities that are known to be of regional extent can be directly related to significant tectonic phases. Other sequence boundaries, for which a tectonic control is not evident, for example, particularly in the Early Jurassic, were potentially driven by glacio-eustatic cycles, which may have been controlled by orbital forcing cycles.
Chapter 3. Sequence stratigraphy scheme for the Lower Jurassic of the North Sea area
Authors: Copestake Philip , Partington Mark A.
Published: November 2022

This chapter describes Lower Jurassic second-order sequences J00 and J10, and their component third-order sequences J1–J6 and J12–J18. Two sequences (J1 and J3) are new, four sequences (J2, J4, J12 and J16) are amended and one sequence (J17) is renamed.

A significant unconformity at the base of the J12 sequence (Upper Sinemurian) is present near the base of the Dunlin Group in the North Viking Graben–East Shetland Platform and in the Danish Central Graben, and correlates with an equivalent unconformity around the margins of the London Platform, onshore UK. A marked unconformity at the base of the J16 sequence is recognized in the North Viking Graben and onshore UK, where it is related to structural movements on the Market Weighton High, eastern England.

Several levels of carbon enrichment (carbon isotope excursions (CIEs)) and associated geochemical changes tie to J sequences defining maximum flooding surfaces: the Upper Sinemurian CIE equates to the base J6 maximum flooding surface (MFS), the basal Pliensbachian CIE ties to the base J13 MFS, the basal Toarcian CIE relates to the base J17 MFS and the Toarcian Ocean Anoxic Event corresponds with the base J18 MFS.
ProposalVLAD with Proposal-Intra Exploring for Temporal Action Proposal Generation
Authors: Xing Kai , Li Tao , Wang Xuanhan
Published: November 2022

Temporal action proposal generation aims to localize temporal segments of human activities in videos. Current boundary-based proposal generation methods can generate proposals with precise boundary but often suffer from the inferior quality of confidence scores used for proposal retrieving. In this article, we propose an effective and end-to-end action proposal generation method, named ProposalVLAD, with Proposal-Intra Exploring Network (PVPI-Net). We first propose a ProposalVLAD module to dynamically generate global features of the entire video, then we combine the global features and proposal local features to generate the final feature representations for all candidate proposals. Then, we design a novel Proposal-Intra Loss function (PI-Loss) to generate more reliable proposal confidence scores. Extensive experiments on large-scale and challenging datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method. Experimental results show that our PVPI-Net achieves significant improvements on two benchmark datasets (i.e., THUMOS’14 and ActivityNet-1.3) and sets new records for temporal action detection task.
T-orbit spaces of multiplicative actions and applications
Authors: Hubert Evelyne , Metzlaff Tobias , Moustrou Philippe , Riener Cordian
Published: November 2022

We present the results of our recent article [4] and discuss its applications [5]. A finite group with an integer representation has a multiplicative action on the ring of Laurent polynomials, which is induced by a nonlinear action on the compact torus. We study the structure of the orbit space as the image of the fundamental invariants. For the Weyl groups associated to crystallographic root systems of types A, B, C, D, this image is a compact basic semi-algebraic set. We give the defining polynomial inequalities explicitly as the positivity-locus of a Hermite matrix polynomial.

As an application, we consider the problem of computing the optimal value of an exponential function and solve it with algebraic methods under symmetry assumptions.
Influence of B-Containing Compound on Electrodeposition of Mo and W in Molten Fluoride-Oxide Electrolyte
Authors: Takeda Osamu , Watanabe Sakura , Iseki Chiaki , Lu Xin , Zhu Hongmin
Published: November 2022

The production of molybdenum (Mo) and tungsten (W) utilizes ultra-high temperatures, resulting in high production costs. If Mo and W plates can be directly produced at relatively low temperatures, drastic cost reduction and energy savings are expected. It is known that molten fluoride-oxide electrolytes containing boron oxides exhibit good adhesion to substrates and provide the smoothest surface; however, the role of boron oxides is unclear. Therefore, in this study, the effect of K2B4O7 on the electrodeposition of Mo and W in molten LiF−KF−KCl−K2MO4 (M=Mo, W) at 1223 K was investigated. The apparent current efficiency for Mo and W deposition decreased drastically with increasing cathode current density in the absence of K2B4O7 addition. In Mo deposition, the apparent current efficiency reached approximately 100% with the addition of 0.1 mol% K2B4O7. In W deposition, the apparent current efficiency reached approximately 100% with the addition of 5 mol% K2B4O7. The electrodeposited films comprised columnar crystals growing from the cathode to the electrolyte, and the Mo and W films contained 0.46 mol% of B and 0.10 mol% B, respectively. It was concluded that the morphology of deposits changed from particle/dendritic crystal to flat film crystal with the addition of K2B4O7.
Electroanalytical Chemistry of Lanthanides/Actinides and the Feasibility of Direct Electrodeposition in Ligand Containing Ionic Liquids: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Rout Alok
Published: November 2022

Electrochemistry is an important research domain to realize the electrochemical transitions of a target species in its feed solution. The area has wide applications in the non-aqueous as well as aqueous reprocessing of spent nuclear fuels (SNFs). In the present review, all the literature reports dealing with the electrochemical behavior of lanthanides and actinides in ionic liquid (IL) solvents containing strongly coordinating extractants and the feasibility of their direct electrodeposition intended towards a novel wing of the aqueous reprocessing have been gathered and discussed in a comprehensive manner. The variation in the electrochemical results in IL phase based on the ligand structure and the functional moiety present in it has been highlighted by correlating the complexing ability of these extractants with metal ions. Decisive parameters such as diffusion coefficient (D), charger transfer coefficient (α), charge transfer rate constant (k
s), activation energy (E
a), etc, have been compared with each other to draw out the consequence of a particular ligand/IL system. The novelty of electrochemistry in Neutral Ligand Ionic Liquids (NLILs) has been showcased in detail. The practicality of direct electrodeposition from the extracted IL phase has also been covered in the review to draw an innovative pathway of metal ion recovery.
A Novel Sensor Based on Cu2O/Mo2C@C Derived from MOF Composites for Simultaneous Detection of Catechol and Hydroquinone
Authors: Wang Qi , Zhang Jinjin , Liu Wenjing , Qu Jianying
Published: November 2022

Herein, the copper-based metal organic framework (CuBDC) modified with MoO3 nanorods uniformly distributed on its surface (MoO3@CuBDC) was synthesized by a one-step solvothermal method, and then was treated with high temperature calcination. A series of characterizations demonstrate that MoO3@CuBDC was transformed into a ternary composite of Cu2O nanospheres, Mo2C, and carbon material (Cu2O/Mo2C@C) after the treatment. Moreover, a novel electrochemical sensor based on Cu2O/Mo2C@C modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was constructed for simultaneous sensitive detection of catechol (CC) and hydroquinone (HQ). Due to the excellent electrocatalytic ability of Cu2O/Mo2C@C, the prepared sensor exhibits good electroanalytical performance, which shows good linearity in the concentration ranges of 0.50–200.00 μM for CC and HQ with the limits of detection of 0.38 μM and 0.13 μM. In addition, this sensor can be used to detect CC and HQ simultaneously in real samples with satisfactory results.
The elusive cephalic phase insulin response: triggers, mechanisms, and functions
Authors: Langhans Wolfgang , Watts Alan G. , Spector Alan C.
Published: November 2022

The cephalic phase insulin response (CPIR) is classically defined as a head receptor-induced early release of insulin during eating that precedes a postabsorptive rise in blood glucose. Here we discuss, first, the various stimuli that elicit the CPIR and the sensory signaling pathways (sensory limb) involved; second, the efferent pathways that control the various endocrine events associated with eating (motor limb); and third, what is known about the central integrative processes linking the sensory and motor limbs. Fourth, in doing so, we identify open questions and problems with respect to the CPIR in general. Specifically, we consider test conditions that allow, or may not allow, the stimulus to reach the potentially relevant taste receptors and to trigger a CPIR. The possible significance of sweetness and palatability as crucial stimulus features and whether conditioning plays a role in the CPIR are also discussed. Moreover, we ponder the utility of the strict classical CPIR definition based on what is known about the effects of vagal motor neuron activation and thereby acetylcholine on the β-cells, together with the difficulties of the accurate assessment of insulin release. Finally, we weigh the evidence of the physiological and clinical relevance of the cephalic contribution to the release of insulin that occurs during and after a meal. These points are critical for the interpretation of the existing data, and they support a sharper focus on the role of head receptors in the overall insulin response to eating rather than relying solely on the classical CPIR definition.
Development and Validation of a Combined Ferroptosis and Immune Prognostic Model for Melanoma
Authors: Tang Mingsui , Li Yaling , Wang Fang , Han Jiande , Gao Yali
Published: November 2022

Background. Melanoma development and progression are significantly influenced by ferroptosis and the immune microenvironment. However, there are no reliable biomarkers for melanoma prognosis prediction based on ferroptosis and immunological response. Methods. Ferroptosis-related genes (FRGs) were retrieved from the FerrDb website. Immune-related genes (IRGs) were collected in the ImmPort dataset. The TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) and GSE65904 datasets both contained prognostic FRGs and IRGs. The model was created using multivariate Cox regression, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis, and the analysis and comparison between the expression patterns of ferroptosis and immune cell infiltration were done. Last but not least, research was conducted to assess the expression and involvement of the genes in the comprehensive index of ferroptosis and immune (CIFI). Results. Two prognostic ferroptosis- and immune-related markers (PDGFRB and FOXM1) were utilized to develop a CIFI. In various datasets and patient subgroups, CIFI exhibits consistent predictive performance. The fact that CIFI is an independent prognostic factor for melanoma patients was revealed. Patients in the CIFI-high group further exhibited immune-suppressive characteristics and had elevated ferroptosis gene expression levels. The results of in vitro research point to the possibility that the PDGFRB and FOXM1 genes function as oncogenes in melanoma. Conclusion. In this study, a novel prognostic classifier for melanoma patients was developed and validated using ferroptosis and immune expression profiles.
Experimental Study on the Rheology and Cryo-Mechanism of Pile-Frozen Soil Interface
Authors: Gao Qiang , Wen Zhi , Zhou Zhiwei , Ma Wei , Brouchkov Anatoli , Shi Rui , Li Yasheng
Published: November 2022

The rheological behavior of a pile-frozen soil interface can accelerate pile settlement in pile foundation engineering and deteriorate the bearing capacity of the pile in cold regions. This is the core basis for guiding the design of pile engineering and judging the service life of pile foundations. However, it is unclear how the rheological process is affected by the factors which determine the ad-freeze strength at the pile-frozen soil interface. In this paper, based on a series of Multistage Loading Creep Test (MLCT) for pile-frozen Qinghai-Tibet clay soil interface and microscopic observations of frozen soil, the rheological process and the cryo-mechanism of the interface were analyzed. The results showed that the decrease in soil temperature reduce the interface’s instantaneous deformation value and creep rate, which results from the temperature-dependent rheological behavior of ice. The trend also occurs in the soil with coarser particles and the pile with a rough surface. The presence of massive ice in frozen soil benefits the bearing capacity of the interface at a high temperature of -1°C. However, it can considerably increase the interface’s creep rate due to the influence of the rheological properties of ice at a relatively low temperature of -5°C. Either thick lenticular ice lens or chaotic reticulate cryo-structures in the frozen soil surrounding a pile will enhance the interface’s rheological properties. The interface exhibits the lowest instantaneous deformation value and the slowest creep rate for frozen soil with the massive cryo-structure, which is formed with optimum moisture content. From an engineering viewpoint, the settlement of a pile foundation can be reduced by controlling its instantaneous deformation or restraining its creep rate.
Comprehensive Pan-Cancer Analysis of GINS2 for Human Tumour Prognosis and as an Immunological Biomarker
Authors: Meng Wei , Jiang Zhaosheng , Zhang Xiang , Cai Bo , Ma Limin , Guan Yangbo
Published: November 2022

Background. In recent years, more and more reports have shown that GINS complex subunit 2 (GINS2) plays an important role in the occurrence and progression of tumours. However, there is a lack of comprehensive and systematic research on its prognostic and immune effects in pan-cancer. Therefore, this study is aimed at investigating the prognostic value and immune-related role of GINS2 in human tumours and providing a comprehensive understanding of its carcinogenic mechanism in pan-cancer. Methods. We investigated different databases, including TIMER, TCGA, GTEX, CPTAC, GEPIA, and SangerBox. The study was carried out on the expression and prognosis of GINS2 in human tumours, immune infiltration and microenvironment, immune checkpoints, neoantigens, tumour mutational burden, microsatellite instability, mismatch repair (MMR) genes, methylation, cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), and enrichment analysis of gene set. Results. GINS2 plays a potential carcinogenic role in various human tumours through mRNA and protein levels. It is highly expressed in most cancers, and its expression is significantly correlated with tumour prognosis. In addition, the expression of GINS2 is associated with immune microenvironment and immune infiltration, especially in brain lower-grade glioma, lung squamous cell carcinoma, TGCT, breast invasive carcinoma, and glioblastoma multiforme. At the same time, GINS2 is related to immune neoantigens and the expression profiles of immune checkpoint genes in pan-cancer. It also affects the expression of DNA MMR genes and methyltransferase in pan-cancer. Finally, the correlation between GINS2 and CAF abundance in most tumours was studied, and an enrichment analysis of GINS2 and its related proteins was also carried out. Conclusion. This is the first study on GINS2 as a prognostic and immune mechanism in pan-cancer. GINS2 may be a valuable prognostic immunological biomarker of pan-cancer. This paper provides a relatively comprehensive understanding on the correlation of GINS2 with pan-cancer.
The Prognostic Significance of HALP Index for Colon Cancer Patients in a Hispanic-Based Population
Authors: Calderillo Ruiz German , Lopez Basave Horacio , Vazquez Renteria Rafael Sebastian , Castillo Morales Alison , Guijosa Alberto , Castillo Morales Carolina , Herrera Marytere , Diaz Consuelo , Vazquez Cortes Ezequiel , Ruiz-Garcia Erika , Munoz Montano Wendy R.
Published: November 2022

Background. Survival and recurrence rates following locoregional colon cancer surgical resection are highly variable. Currently used tools to assess patient risk are still imperfect. In the present work, we evaluate, for the first time, the prognostic value of the recently developed HALP (hemoglobin, albumin, lymphocyte, and platelet) index in Hispanic colon cancer patients. Patients and Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study in Mexican patients with a nonmetastatic colon cancer diagnosis who underwent surgical resection. We determined the preoperative HALP score optimal cut-off value by using the X-tile software. We plotted survival curves using the Kaplan–Meier method and performed a multivariate Cox regression analysis to explore the association of preoperative HALP score with two primary endpoints: overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). Results. We included 640 patients (49.8% female). The optimal HALP cut-off value was 15.0. A low HALP index was statistically significantly associated with a higher TNM stage. Low HALP score was statistically significantly associated with shorter median OS in the Kaplan–Meier analysis (73.5 vs. 84.8 months) and in the multivariate Cox regression analysis (HR = 1.942, 95% CI = 1.647–2.875). There was no significant association between the HALP score and DFS. Conclusions. Our findings show that the HALP index is an independent factor associated with survival in Hispanic patients, despite recurrence. It seems to reflect both the anatomical extent of the disease and traditionally unaccounted nutritional and inflammatory factors that are significant for prognosis.
Paeoniflorin Inhibits LPS-Induced Activation of Splenic CD4+ T Lymphocytes and Relieves Pathological Symptoms in MRL/lpr Mice by Suppressing IRAK1 Signaling
Authors: Ji Lina , Wang Shenglong , Wu Shan , Bao Jie , Xie Guanqun , Zhang Yan , Xu Liping , Lin Na , Wang Jian , Fan Yongsheng , Fu Danqing , Dai Qiaoding
Published: November 2022

Interleukin-1receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) plays a critical role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). It was reported that SLE was associated with an inflammatory response mediated by defective immune tolerance, including overproduction of autoantibodies, chronic inflammation, and organ damage. Previous reports stated paeoniflorin (PF) had an immunosuppressive effect. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory effect of PF in SLE and its underlying mechanisms. Followed by induced with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), the splenocytes and the isolated CD4+ T lymphocytes of MRL/lpr mice were divided into three groups: control group, LPS group, and LPS + PF group, respectively. MRL/MP mice were used as the control group (treated with distilled water). The MRL/lpr mice were randomly divided into three groups: the model group (treated with distilled water), the prednisone group, and the PF group. The MRL/lpr mice were treated with prednisone acetate (5 mg/kg) and PF (25, 50, and 75 mg/kg) for eight weeks. Subsequently, ELISA, qRT-PCR, western blotting, HE, and Masson staining were performed to detect various indicators. The results of Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) showed that 10 μg/mL of LPS had the optimum effect on cell viability, and 50 μmol/L of PF had no obvious cytotoxicity to LPS-treated cells. PF reduced the expression level of IRAK1-nuclearfactor-κB (NF-κB) and its downstream inflammatory cytokines in the splenocytes and CD4+ T lymphocytes of MRL/lpr mice stimulated by LPS, especially in the latter. The serum antibody contents in the PF group mice were reduced, and the kidney damage was also alleviated accordingly. Moreover, the IRAK1/inhibitor of the nuclear factor-κB kinase (IKK)/NF-κB inhibitor (IκB)/NF-κB pathways was found to be involved in the anti-inflammation effect of PF in the kidney and spleen. In conclusion, it is thought that PF may have the potential to be used as a therapeutic agent to reduce the inflammatory activity of SLE. Inhibition of the IRAK1-NF-κB pathway may help formulate novel therapeutic tactics for SLE.
Quantum Teleportation Error Suppression Algorithm Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and Quantum Topological Semion Codes
Authors: Cao Qian , Wang Hao-Wen , Qu Ying-Jie , Xue Yun-Jia , Wang Shu-Mei
Published: November 2022

Quantum error correction (QEC) is a key technique for building scalable quantum computers that can be used to mitigate the effects of errors on physical quantum bits. Since quantum states are more or less affected by noise, errors are inevitable. Traditional QEC codes face huge challenges. Therefore, designing an error suppression algorithm based on neural networks (NN) and quantum topological error correction (QTEC) codes is particularly important for quantum teleportation. In this paper, QTEC codes: semion codes—a greater than 2 dimensional (2D) error correction code based on the double semion model—are used to suppress errors during quantum teleportation, using a NN to build a decoder based on semion codes and to simulate the quantum information error suppression process and the suppression effect. The proposed convolutional neural network (CNN) decoder is suitable for small distance topological semion codes. The aim is to optimize the NN for better decoder performance while deriving the relationship between decoder performance and slope and pseudothreshold during training and calculate the thresholds for different noise areas when the code distances are the same,

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. This paper demonstrates the ability of CNNs to suppress errors in quantum transmission information and the great potential of NNs in the field of quantum computing.
Settlement Characteristics of Split Grouting Pile Composite Foundation in Loess Areas
Authors: Zhou Mingru , Xing Lijun , Chen Yiming , Qiao Hongxia
Published: November 2022

Loess foundations often affect the stability of superstructures due to their insufficient bearing capacities; thus, reinforcement measures are crucial for mitigating the uneven settlement of foundations. This study aims to investigate the settlement characteristics of composite foundations for loess foundations reinforced by splitting grouting piles. First, split grouting tests were carried out on loess foundations. After the test piles reached the design strength, static load tests and geotechnical tests were carried out to obtain theQ‐scurves of the test piles. The pile‐forming mechanism was analyzed via excavations at an on‐site test pile. Furthermore, the traditional settlement calculation method of composite foundations was used to calculate the settlement of split grouting pile composite foundations, and the results were compared with field test results to explore a suitable settlement calculation method of split grouting pile composite foundations. Finally, the numerical model of split grouting pile composite foundations was established according to the pile forming mechanism, and the settlement deformation characteristics of single pile and pile group composite foundations were analyzed. The relative errors of the composite modulus method and the stress correction method for calculating the settlement of the composite foundations were 6.4% and 32.8%, respectively, and the composite modulus method was closer to the test values. The calculated curves of the numerical model were in good agreement with the measured curves and relevant literature research results, demonstrating the rationality of the modeling method; the findings of this study provide theoretical guidance for designing loess foundation splitting grouting reinforcement and for predicting settlement during later construction periods.
Elevation of Circulating miR-210 Participates in the Occurrence and Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications
Authors: Chen Xi , Tian Feng , Sun Zhilian , Zeng Guoqing , Tang Ping
Published: November 2022

Objective. Circulating miRNAs are acclaimed biomarkers to predict the occurrence and progression of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is aimed at analyzing the correlation of circulating miR-210 level and obesity-associated T2DM and then investigating the underlying mechanism of circulating miR-210 in T2DM. Methods. Totally, 137 serum samples from patients with T2DM were collected; meanwhile, the demographic, general, and clinical hematological characteristics, disease history, and dietary patterns were recorded. The miR-210 level in exosomes from serum was detected by qRT-PCR. Then, the correlations of BMI or miR-210 level with patients’ clinical characteristics were analyzed. Furthermore, the miR-210 level was detected in T2DM related various cells under high glucose condition. Meanwhile, the expression of carbohydrate responsive element binding protein (ChREBP) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) was measured by western blotting. Results. The miR-210 level in exosomes from serum was obviously elevated in the

BMI
>
24

group compared with the

BMI
≤
24

group. Higher BMI was correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism and impaired liver function as well as higher miR-210 level. Notably, higher miR-210 level was also correlated with abnormal lipid metabolism, disease history, and dietary patterns. In addition, compared with normal cells, high glucose increased the miR-210 level in exosomes from cell culture supernatants as well as cells in HUVEC, VSMC, RAW 264.7, 3 T3-L1, SMC, and Beta-TC-6 cells, while it reduced the expression of ChREBP and HIF-1α. Conclusions. Circulating miR-210 level was closely correlated with obesity-associated T2DM. Furthermore, higher miR-210 level might be implicated in the occurrence and development of T2DM and its complications.
Luteolin Attenuates Diabetic Myocardial Hypertrophy by Inhibiting Proteasome Activity
Authors: Li Xiao-bing , Rekep Mubarak , Tian Jia-hui , Wu Qian , Chen Mei , Yang Shuo , Zhang Lu-xuan , Zhang Gui-ping , Qin Yuan , Yu Xi-yong , Xue Qin , Liu Ying-hua
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Luteolin is a flavonoid polyphenolic compound exerting broad pharmacological and medicinal properties. Diabetes-related obesity increases the total blood volume and cardiac output and may increase the myocardial hypertrophy progression. However, the mechanism of luteolin in diabetic myocardial hypertrophy remains uncertain. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether luteolin improved diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) by inhibiting the proteasome activity. Methods: Cardiomyopathy was induced in streptozotocin-treated diabetes mellitus (DM) and db/db mice. Luteolin (20 mg kg−1·day−1) was administrated via gavage for 12 weeks. In vitro, high glucose and high insulin (HGI, glucose at 25.5 mM and insulin at 0.1 µM) inducing primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (NRCMs) were treated with or without luteolin for 48 h. Echocardiography, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, histology, immunofluorescence, and Western blotting were conducted. Proteasome activities were also detected using a fluorescent peptide substrate. Results: Luteolin administration significantly prevented the onset of cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction in type 1 DM (T1DM) and type 2 DM (T2DM). Compared with DCM mice, luteolin groups showed lower serum triglyceride and total cholesterol levels. Furthermore, luteolin attenuated HGI-induced myocardial hypertrophy and reduced atrial natriuretic factor mRNA level in NRCMs. Proteasome activities were inhibited by luteolin in vitro. Luteolin also reduces the proteasome subunit levels (PSMB) 1, PSMB2, and PSMB5 of the 20S proteasome, as well as proteasome-regulated particles (Rpt) 1 and Rpt4 levels of 19S proteasome. Furthermore, luteolin treatment increased protein kinase B (AKT) and GSK-3α/β (inactivation of GSK-3) phosphorylation. The phosphorylation level of AMPK activity was also reversed after the treatment with luteolin in comparison with the HGI-treated group. Conclusion: This study indicates that luteolin protected against DCM in mice, including T1DM and T2DM, by upregulating phosphorylated protein AMPK and AKT/GSK-3 pathways while decreasing the proteasome activity. These findings suggest that luteolin may be a potential therapeutic agent for DCM.
A Close Follow-Up Strategy in the Short Period of Time after Helicobacter pylori Eradication Contributes to Earlier Detection of Gastric Cancer
Authors: Ishibashi Fumiaki , Suzuki Sho , Nagai Mizuki , Mochida Kentaro , Kobayashi Konomi , Morishita Tetsuo
Published: November 2022

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to optimize the surveillance frequency and period for efficient detection of early gastric cancer (EGC) after Helicobacter pylori (HP) eradication. Methods: Data from patients with eradicated HP infection were extracted from the endoscopy databases of two institutions from January 2016 to March 2021. The patients were divided into a close follow-up group with frequent surveillance after eradication and an open follow-up group with an intermittent surveillance method, and the cases of post-eradication EGC found in the two groups were analyzed. Results: Thirty-six out of 9,322 patients (0.39%) in the close follow-up group and 20 out of 11,436 patients (0.17%) in the open follow-up group were found to have EGC. The cumulative incidence of EGC after eradication was significantly higher in the close follow-up group (p = 0.004). The duration between eradication and EGC detection was significantly shorter in the close follow-up group (51.7 vs. 90.5 months, p = 0.002). A logistic regression model revealed that duration after eradication was an independent predictor for detecting EGC in the close follow-up group (p = 0.045). A Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the close follow-up strategy was effective in patients with an eradication duration of less than 65 months to identify EGC (p = 0.015), but there was no difference between the two strategies in patients with an eradication duration of more than 65 months (p = 0.624). Discussion/Conclusions: Frequent surveillance after HP eradication is efficient for the early detection of EGC during the first 65 months.
The Relationship of Uremic Toxin Indoxyl Sulfate and Intestinal Elimination Mechanisms in Hemodialysis Patients
Authors: Tomášová Adéla , Tichá Alena , Dusilová Sulková Sylvie , Šafránek Roman , Moučka Petr , Chmelařová Marcela , Baranová Ivana , Párová Helena , Nývltová Zora , Štochlová Karolína , Palička Vladimír , Pavlíková Ladislava , Zadák Zdeněk , Hyšpler Radomír
Published: November 2022

Introduction: High indoxyl sulfate (IS) concentration is a serious problem for patients with CKD increasing the risk of cardiovascular diseases and CKD progression. Thus, the methods of decreasing the toxin concentrations are highly desired. The study aimed to discover the role of selected intestine-related factors on IS concentration. Methods: We evaluated the impact of ABCG2 and ABCC2 polymorphisms influencing activity and protein intake by normalized protein catabolic rate. Additionally, we examined the relation of IS and uric acid (UA) that can share common elimination transporters. A monocentric, prospective, open cohort pilot study was performed on 108 patients undergoing dialysis treatment. Results: The positive effect of residual diuresis on the reduction of IS levels was confirmed (p = 0.005). Also, an increase in IS depending on the dietary protein intake was confirmed (p = 0.040). No significant correlation between ABC gene polymorphisms was observed either, suggesting the negligible role of ABCG2 and ABCC2 in the elimination of IS in small bowel. The significant difference was observed for UA where ABCG2 421C>A (rs72552713) gene polymorphism was higher (505.3 μmol/L) in comparison with a wild-type genotype (360.5 μmol/L). Conclusion: No evidence of bowel elimination pathway via ABCC2 and ABCG2 transporters was found in renal replacement therapy patients.
Influence of Comminution Methods and Air Exposure in the Production of Melissa officinalis Mother Tincture
Authors: Barmaverain Didier , Hasler Samuel , Kalbermatten Christoph , Plath Matthias , Kalbermatten Roger
Published: November 2022

Introduction: During the processing of fresh plants, prolonged exposure to the air can cause rapid oxidative changes, and this is further accelerated if they have large surface areas. These changes can ultimately lead to losses in valuable ingredients and deterioration of the final product. Consequently, in the food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries, oxidation and the use of antioxidant conservatives are major considerations during processing and production. However, similar considerations are not currently made for herbal medicines. The differences in the UV-Vis spectra of several commercial herbal mother tinctures were investigated here to determine if the oxidation process occurred and should thus be considered during their production. Methods: The impact of air exposure on comminuted fresh Melissa officinalis and on the quality of the resulting mother tincture was evaluated using UV-Vis spectrophotometric analysis, antioxidant tests (potassium permanganate and FOLIN-Ciocalteu), and high-performance thin-layer chromatography. Results: A time-dependent decrease in phenolic compounds, UV absorbance, and antioxidant capacity of the Melissa officinalis mother tincture were observed. Specifically, the antioxidant capacity of ground Melissa officinalis in the resulting herbal mother tincture was reduced by 40.47% and 55.52% after 5 and 30 min of air exposure, respectively. Conclusions: The results indicate that the Melissa officinalis mother tincture is affected if its comminuted starting material is exposed to air during the manufacturing process and that this should be considered when producing fresh herbal medicine plant products in the future.
A produção do fracasso escolar: histórias de submissão e rebeldia
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo.Instituto de Psicologia, Patto Maria Helena Souza
Published: November 2022

Lançado em 1990, o livro Produção do Fracasso Escolar: Histórias de Submissão e Rebeldia busca “contribuir para a compreensão do fracasso escolar enquanto processo psicossocial complexo”. Para tanto, tece uma revisão crítica da literatura na área e apresenta uma longa pesquisa de campo realizada no chão de uma escola pública de um bairro pobre na cidade de São Paulo. Em sua análise da vida escolar, a autora alcança, de forma original, um olhar não apenas para os movimentos de submissão, mas também de rebeldia ao que está posto. Em 2015, foi lançada uma edição revista e ampliada, marcando 25 anos desde a publicação original.
Learning With Proper Partial Labels
Authors: Wu Zhenguo , Lv Jiaqi , Sugiyama Masashi
Published: November 2022

Partial-label learning is a kind of weakly supervised learning with inexact labels, where for each training example, we are given a set of candidate labels instead of only one true label. Recently, various approaches on partial-label learning have been proposed under different generation models of candidate label sets. However, these methods require relatively strong distributional assumptions on the generation models. When the assumptions do not hold, the performance of the methods is not guaranteed theoretically. In this letter, we propose the notion of properness on partial labels. We show that this proper partial-label learning framework requires a weaker distributional assumption and includes many previous partial-label learning settings as special cases. We then derive a unified unbiased estimator of the classification risk. We prove that our estimator is risk consistent, and we also establish an estimation error bound. Finally, we validate the effectiveness of our algorithm through experiments.
Study on Total Ionizing Dose Effect of Silicon Carbide Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistors at High and Low Dose Rates
Authors: Pu Xiaojuan , Wei Ying , Li Xiaolong , Feng Haonan , Liang Xiaowen , Feng Jie , Sun Jing , Yu Xuefeng , Guo Qi
Published: November 2022

The total ionizing dose (TID) radiation effect of silicon carbide metal oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors (SiC MOSFETs) was investigated at different dose rates. The influence of irradiation dose rate on the transfer characteristic curves of the devices was investigated.
And the threshold voltage, oxide trap charge, interface state, and peak transconductance et al. were further extracted based on the transfer curve. The results show that the degradation degree of irradiated devices varies at different dose rates due to the different factors. The degradation
of the device at high dose rate is due to the radiation-induced oxide trap charge in the gate oxide layer, while the reason of the degradation at low dose rate is the radiation-induced oxide trap charges and interface state simultaneously, which have opposite effects on the devices, and the
degradation degree depends on the competition between the two.
How Accurately Can Warm Rain Realistically Be Retrieved with Satellite Sensors? Part II: Horizontal and Vertical Heterogeneities
Authors: Schulte Richard M. , Kummerow Christian D. , Saleeby Stephen M. , Mace Gerald G.
Published: November 2022

There are many sources of uncertainty in satellite precipitation retrievals of warm rain. In this paper, the second of a two-part study, we focus on uncertainties related to spatial heterogeneity and surface clutter. A cloud-resolving model simulation of warm, shallow clouds is used to simulate satellite observations from three theoretical satellite architectures—one similar to the Global Precipitation Measurement Core Observatory, one similar to CloudSat, and one similar to the planned Atmosphere Observing System (AOS). Rain rates are then retrieved using a common optimal estimation framework. For this case, retrieval biases due to nonuniform beamfilling are very large, with retrieved rain rates negatively (low) biased by as much as 40%–50% (depending on satellite architecture) at 5 km horizontal resolution. Surface clutter also acts to negatively bias retrieved rain rates. Combining all sources of uncertainty, the theoretical AOS satellite is found to outperform CloudSat in terms of retrieved surface rain rate, with a bias of −19% as compared with −28%, a reduced spread of retrieval errors, and an additional 17.5% of cases falling within desired uncertainty limits. The results speak to the need for additional high-resolution modeling simulations of warm rain so as to better characterize the uncertainties in satellite precipitation retrievals.
A Cloud-Controlling Factor Perspective on the Hemispheric Asymmetry of Extratropical Cloud Albedo
Authors: Blanco Joaquín E. , Caballero Rodrigo , Datseris George , Stevens Bjorn , Bony Sandrine , Hadas Or , Kaspi Yohai
Published: November 2022

The Northern and Southern Hemispheres reflect on average almost equal amounts of sunlight due to compensating hemispheric asymmetries in clear-sky and cloud albedo. Recent work indicates that the cloud albedo asymmetry is largely due to clouds in extratropical oceanic regions. Here, we investigate the proximate causes of this extratropical cloud albedo asymmetry using a cloud-controlling factor (CCF) approach. We develop a simple index that measures the skill of CCFs, either individually or in combination, in predicting the asymmetry. The index captures the contribution to the asymmetry due to interhemispheric differences in the probability distribution function of daily CCF values. Cloud albedo is quantified using daily MODIS satellite retrievals, and is related to range of CCFs derived from the ERA5 product. We find that sea surface temperature is the CCF that individually explains the largest fraction of the asymmetry, followed by surface wind. The asymmetry is predominantly due to low clouds, and our results are consistent with prior local-scale modeling work showing that marine boundary layer clouds become thicker and more extensive as surface wind increases and surface temperature cools. The asymmetry is consistent with large-scale control of storm-track intensity and surface winds by meridional temperature gradients: persistently cold and windy conditions in the Southern Hemisphere keep cloud albedo high year-round. Our results have important implications for global-scale cloud feedbacks and contribute to efforts to develop a theory for planetary albedo and its symmetry.
Using Health Behavior Theory to Address COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Scoping Review of Communication and Messaging Interventions
Authors: Orr Caroline A. , Gordon Ruthanna
Published: November 2022

Vaccine hesitancy has been among the most vexing challenges during the COVID-19 pandemic, ultimately leading to maladaptive health behaviors such as vaccine delay and refusal. A variety of approaches have been employed to address this problem, including communication and messaging interventions targeting the underlying determinants of vaccine hesitancy. However, there exists no published evidence synthesis examining how such interventions are using health behavior theory to address COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. The purpose of this study was to conduct a scoping review of health communication and messaging interventions aimed at addressing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy, and to systematically evaluate the use of health behavior theory in the design of these interventions. The review followed a five-step iterative framework proposed by Levac and colleagues. Comprehensive searches using an exhaustive list of keyword combinations were used across three online databases to identify articles to screen for inclusion. A structured, validated coding scheme was then applied to assess the use of health behavior theory. Additional study data were extracted using a separate structured form. A total of 36 articles published between January 2020 and February 2022 met inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Ten studies (27.7%) did not mention or use health behavior theory at all. Most studies ( n = 26) at least mentioned theory or theory-relevant constructs, with 26 different theories and 52 different theoretical constructs represented in the sample. Although theory and theoretical determinants of vaccination behavior were often mentioned, few studies used theory to specify and target causal pathways of behavior change, and only one study targeted misinformation as a determinant of vaccine hesitancy. The findings from this review provide critical insight into the state of theory-based intervention design and point to significant gaps in the literature to prioritize in future research.